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001 Ůܲ
36CԣӦ36D˰ɡͷȲڣҶ˿оһǳȤ飬ǾǶŮ˿͵ġ
ʵŮ˳ʵǹȤҲġŮǸϷۺɫְҵװͰǰ˵ĸյ覡ؿڣڹڷѳýģǣذƵ
ٻļüͷԽԽι˾һʽ޷ǩԼùûõ飬ǩԼļֱܹ޷ԭµ顣
ξҪļȥͶԷЭ̵ģʧȥһͻ˾Ӫ˷ҲɲСӰ졣
ֻǰļдʵ⣬Ĵ治ˣܹöԷ˾е⣿ڵ̶֮ļ޸ĲС
ҶһȤӯȻĹ۲Էı飬ϸҶüëëһһ𣬽ĺ촽Եʮ࣬ԱпʱҲ˿ѷɫ䣬ûŮ˵ݺ䣬üַ֮ĵİȻʹܲ
ʵһŮˣôŵʱĿȻͣԭ
˿̣ٻʮֲã̧ͷ׼תһʱȴӲõĳǰƦһˣȻ͵Լġ
ѸټԼװԼһڸǵʵʵЩ֮󣬱ıͷŲԶĿսкӦС
ҶеʧԼûأŮҲ̫Сˣô㣬ȴ˿̫˷ˡ
û۸ҲֻڨڨͷȥŴããƲʣ̲ס˶ǰ飬񲻽
ĺˣֻҪҶһţһΨһȫаԷģ֪ǶԼǶǸѾȥĺֵܡ
һ£С㣬ҪһȡսŲͳ߹ʱȴ;һһֱ͵͵źٻ˸סˡ
սȻܿ׼ȣͻȻ˵С㣬߹ˡ
һ仰ÿսʶĳȥʲôҲûСȴû˿Ⱥӿս˵Ǹʰо֡
ٻЩȲ׼ԼȥһˮͷȲոһţԵ߽ˮʱǸ˽ϴּ䣬ȻҲ뿪λá
ٻĸԼ˱ȣʱǸȴҲ˽ָźٻ˵С㣬Ҫһ֭ܰҵһ𣿡
Ŷõġٻ¿ȱתͰװ֭ĺݸ
̨˼ڿȣ΢һ㡣ܿ;ò̫ԾκģҪεˡ
һֱעӺٻһһʱ򿴵Ҫε̾һѱסСʵС㣬㻹ðɣ
ںٻԺ˵ѯʡ¿˿ǿս㻹ʰ״̾ͽٻŲķ˹ȥ
Ҷеģȥϸɸߵˮ䣬㿴һ׼ٻкâһѸ߹ȥץס˵ֻһŤתԷʹĲг
Ҷûᣬһ䣬һֵβ˲ʱٻʧȥˤҺҶۼֿ죬ֱӰ§˻С
ٻɫ죬٣ͷð麹ҶʶĽָദ˿٣Ǳҩ۵ڵͦʬļһ֪ôˡ
ںٻ׼˺ϵ·֮ʣҶٽ˴խĲҹšѸٵĽ⿪˺ٻļŦۣв֪ʱѾ˼롣


002 Ůв
ŮԲˣھ㣬Զ鴿Ρһһ˶Էؿڴ˼룬֮˼롣
ʱĺٻͣϸܵĺ鲼ȫʹļ˿Ⱦ˵ķɫ˷
Ҷһ¿ˮаǱΣɲɫΪϣҪ
˵ţϱһЩط˼롣
һкҶﳤһ侲
ܿ죬뿪ʼãٻ忪ʼ죬Ӿͷ·˸ձ˴ˮ̳һ
Ҷ￴ĺٻмֶˣֻʱ洫˼ٵϵͷȲյͬʱʧ˿ճǵע⡣
æջأ˺ٻ·һжֻ˺̵ܶʱ䡣ʱ˵òӦѾˡ
˺˿㿪ţǾҪǿײˡ
Щÿ治ʱһŮ̬ǸöðôҶĿˣһ£Ͽš
ôĴָںٻкݺݰѹһ£ʱٻָһ£Ȼ۾
оԼһȫġǲʵСŮ£ѵǱˡ
Ŀ˾ܽҶϣʱУǱȻΪɫǶʲô֮¡
Ҷۼֿסͣʱ˵ȵĲͷˣٶȴߴ٣浽ô£㿪š
ͺˡæӦһһƦĶҪѵĺٻ˵С㣬㱻ҩˣҺľ㣬ɲҽԩ˺ˡ
ŵϵŬŬ죬ٻ˵ʱ򣬾Լʧȥʶʱ˾ߡ
ľأ϶ǰһʲô˵˻ֻʵ
ҶЦЦģֻ˼룬ûбôӦúŶԡ
֪Ź֣ǡ뵽Լ״ٻʱһ죬һһ˼˵ллҡ
ÿΪŮЧҵҡҶ˵ĿٶɨȫŮ˹ϣ˭ҪȢǿĸ
ۼһﾹȻɫеĶԼʱٻɫͳһȻǸɫǣͲӦĹղŽһøд˿̵Ȼ޴档
ҶͻȻ˵ŮһȽϲҵ顣ҹɫƣкɫСߵ㸡֣¡
ٻɫģĿҶǱƺֻҪһ˵ʲôԵԴʣԥͶԷǴġ
¡߶Ȼ·ţֱͣ˺ٻǸʵϡղſľɫԾһ¿ˮ漴һ˵С㣬زв
вٻ̲סˣƽΪһǳױˣ̧־Էк
ۼֿҶһץסƦЦɣŮŭΪáвΣʱɴ󲡣Ǿ鷳ˡ
ٻ޿̣׼һֻٶȳУҲҶƷˣǰһٻϴ̨˵Ӧʱһײˡ


003 ܿ죬ʹ
վſڵһ٣ڿһӦǵסսߣҶ¶һĨȻɫתǹ˲š
ʲôôսɻ
ǲܻ˵˼£ǻǲҪΪãͷȲյĿˣǱλ
˵ĶԻúٻ̧࣬ųҶĽŲȥҶȻ͵ţѸٵ㹥
ڶԷ׼ʱһֻ͵ץס˫֣Ȼ˫ַڱ󣬱Ƶúٻϴ̨ľϡ
ʲô
ŮôģֻʣǲǾÿδʱزᷢǷʹ˯߲ãҶѯʲ飬۾ȴ棬ֳȫһɫ
ٻʵƿԣԷ˵֢״ȫУôֻ˵ſңȻҪˡ
ðɣղǿѾΪֹϵڽеԽף˼Ҳֻ˷ܵĺ⻰Ҷ˵ĺܳϿңǺٻͷ˫۾һ˿Ϸʡ
ϷŪһ˾ܲãûִܹȻɫ԰Ŀ޲ҧ϶Էڲźá
ҶͷЦ˵ǾͿʼɡ
ҡҶֿҪŵϵʱ򣬺ٻ߳ǡ
֪ԼôˣȻĻ쵰˿ãñԼϡ
Ҷ˵ûģ֣ٶ죬¶壬ȺٻӦĳٶȱ⿪ˡ
ɣܿͺãұ֤ۡҶǺСһյٻĶߡϸĿڣһֻѾ֪ʱ˼롣
ʱ۾һ޷ܾǿƣԽԽƺҪٻ͵
ҶĿֻǿźٻ۾˺ٻеע⣬ͻȻоؿ΢΢һۣϧ̫죬ΪǴ
ǽӶʹʶҶʲôһҶѾĺ촽һǡ
̶̵ʱڣҶѾʩչϣΪתעҲǸԼһ㽱źľٶ
ĵ壬һ˵泩Уúٻʧ˶Է߳Ǽ֮С
ڶ˲㶼Ҫǹ߻ʱҶһɿֵ˼ǰɫȻĴŮ쳣泩
һ̣΢ĺٻʱԼղžȻΪΪӦԷûͣǿľ͡
ɫһ䣬Ѹ·֮ͷҲص߳˲Ҷ￴žԼһ۵˶װͷִǰģѾʣ˧Ǻô࣬ôҲˡ
Ҷϴϴ֣˵Ķ뿪ϴּ䣬ǻصλá֪ǲĴоüսĿⶼͣϣһ˽ĪǶˣ
ôŵʱ򣬺ٻǱȴ֮
ɻƺǿǽ뻺״̬ɻеҡΣиսæ㲥˿͡ҶʱѾصλŮ˻ᷢΪϱ򷭵Ŀȫˡ
㺮ٻƽ򶨣ȴǸµСŮĶˡҶĲ̣ҸղҲ˶ھ͵ºˡ
ʲô


004 ͬ
ҶﱾŮ߽ͻʲôģٻķӦ̫ңʱɻڵнǶȣҶ˲ͳȥ
һսô󾭹һˣþײ˿ս㻳Уһˮζǰһ̻˵ѵõ
åٻȻѹ˼ҿս㲻ţʱһ䡣
Ƿ군ˣٻȻģ·ɻʮСʱ׼Ӧܹü¸һݡǣӵؿһۣ㲻ˡ
Ҷ﷢ֶŮеȤ÷ɻܿ͵ˣҶﱳд׷Ѿ׼߳ɻĺٻ
ˣŮҲʶһٵñ绰ʲôİɡҿꡭ
һ;ͱһֻסˣٻͷգ˾Ȼڴ֮ͥ˵֣Ǵ澡ʧ
ͻ״ȻԭúõҶͻȻͻںٻĻʶӣֻΪڿЦȴˣҶﵹڵ֪
һӷɻϾͶҶ෬ɧţǲҪȽϺáٻôţһ֮
˼ͣϳΪѵɫһҧתҶߣУûзӦ£Ϊѣֲܽ˶ﲻܣ˻ı˿ͣ
ٻγҲΪ˹˾⣬ϰ߽ͣڻȥ棬ֱҶȥҽԺ
·һ룬Ҷתѣٻ˵ҪȥҽԺʱҶҡͷŮ벻˹ҡ÷ˣֻʱݿˣëˡ
Ҳ֪⻰Ǽ٣ٻ붪ҶﲻܣҶȴ˵زģȻȥƵˡ
ȷס𣿡ǺٻҶһ￴ûǮΪʲôͷȲգǳ齱鵽Ҳһ
Ҷһ㶣̿˵ǰҶסˣŮʵ˵ɣϾֻһǮˣҪǲңҾ͵ȥ˺˯˯š
ʱΪ֤Լû˵ѣһһǮӲҡ
ٻˣ˪ʵĺܡ
ڿҶôȻΪǷ׵ȷǾ˼ȥʱҶһ
һļҪϣסݡٻŲ˻ؼأйŮһƷ˽⣬һɫĲģ˭֪ᷢʲô
ҶеʧΪŮ˻ȥļءʤޣٶԷĳûоôܡ
С㣬һ˫˷̨ǰҶˬ˵
ٻһۣ䡣
ѽţͱֱŤˣ˸鰡Сһ䷿ŸֱŤءҶûûεֻ϶Է
ٻĶƿڴˣƫ䣬ʹжŻˣҲῪˡӰ˾ҪԿ粵ҶѾԿ¥ˡ
˽ݵʱ򣬺ٻʣҶȴͻȻסͣŵעС˵꣬ӷɻʱǾͱˡǲ£΢ϵ㡣
ٻеܾȣҲǼ˵ˣȻһ˸侲ݺܿ͵¥ҶﶯĴźٻǶķ䣬Ѹٽŷ
ļŴóһȫյĿռ䡣ٻͷЩʶôѵҪʲô֮£
ȷûκ֮ҶһͷĴϣƺ´ˡ
ߵߵ


005 ͷ
ͻúٻ˲侫Ҷʱͬһֻҹеèһ㣬Ϣĳſڡ
ٻЩȣ˲򵥣ϾԼûʲôˣôᱻ٣ǣһ򣬾һ᲻ǲСĵ˱Լȴ֪
ٶȴΰһŮӵԲ𣬿ͷ񡣡
ٻ˿ҶȴҡҡͷʾҪ˵һͻȻ򿪷šվŵĸʲôŮԱװˡ
ҶЦһһ̧һ˵ţڶ˶ܲʱжϵ
ʽǹУķӦ죬˿ǹ鷳ˡǹסһ˵Դһ֧ǹ׼һ˵üġ˲䲻Ҷ
Ӵȫڵϴ˭Ҷﴵڣһǹдһ󺺣һ˵ȴ
ֻںٻǶȣֻҶǹŶЦݣȫ˿Ľš
ѵһӵЦôʱҶͷ˸ۣŮңȥȥͻء
˵Ҷ͹˷ţҲ֪һȥʲôطٻȥЩġ
ЩǳģôҪʲôɱʲôôһ뵽⣬ʱͽ
ҶֱӰ˶½˲ĸһȭ֮Ĵ˳˴˿ȫֻʣڿ㣬ұһǻôúΥ͡
ûҶˣٻʣǻ˻ȥҶãת˵Ҳˣɻĺۣ˯ɡ
˭Ҫ˯ٻͷߣղŵȴʮ⡣ҶȤĶƣðβЦ˵ǲǺ֪˭ҾͲ㡣
ֵθڵ飬̫ˣٻɴ಻ֱͳʼǱԣ׼ϳһһҪǩԼļΪˣҪͨﵩ׼
Ҷһڴʵģתһ£󡣺ٻоڿļʱϵ˵ʲô
˾Ҫļǲ㱻˿ģںٻҶղŵΪͬҵˡҶȴ˵һǩԼļѣôţҪʮݰ˷Ҷд
ţݸ壬ٻдƿ͹ҶãȻôǾ͸дһݾʵĺԼһСʱ̰ᵽȥ
Ҷ¶һĨЦǿԣҲܰװҪҰ쵽ˣ˯
޳ܡ
ᣬֻͬ죬Ů˼̫ӣҷʲô̼飿ʵҪҲǿΪѴӦġҶһЦ
ٻ׹Էڶ档תͽϴּ侲ȥˡûߣҶҲʼ
ָڼϷɿûƺЩþԣҲֵٻϴּʱɴһ֡
֮΢Ц˵󹦸ɡ
ô죿ٻһ˿ȣ֮ʲôɶûˡݺԼûκ覴ãұԤĻҪ
ҶͻȻյĶߣʵϰʲô
Գɡ
ҶͷͻȻ׽ΪʲôϷˡվֱ˵Ϊ˸лһϣǩԼȥˡ
ٻΪڿЦ֮ûзӦֱӽĻ֮Ȼ鶼æˣҲÿȥϴ׼˯
ԡҴҶиèƵã͡룬򿪴߶ȣֿ˿γ̶ȣǲǿ⡣
˴Ų͵ԡҵǸǰһɻļơں˼׼͵һ֮;ȻҲˡ


006 ͵ͬ
ڰĽҶоúЦԼѵд˾ٶôͻϸͬˡ
Էȼذ׷ʱҶֻ΢΢һЦһ̧žͳŶԷյ˹ȥ
ȭȫװҶȤղŵĺȫⲻ֮͸ƻˡòҲ֪ǳźٻġ
ҶһһȭͲ㽫˴¥ȥԷ˸֣ԼȫǶֻ֣ʶʱѡȫˡ
ʱԡҵˮֹͣˣҶһźѸתںٻ߳ԡ֮ǰص˷䡣
ɳϿӣӺСԡ۳ĺٻȫ֪Լ֮ǰ˵͵
ٻ۴ƺǲȥ䷿Ҷȴ˵֪ʲôˣҪǲΣգҾȥڷˡ
ȵȣ˯ϡٻʱӹóڵϣѾ޶ˡ
Ҷνеˣ֮󣬺ܿͽ硣״ٻһ˵Ҫ˯ıԸҪʲôźá
һҶ;ȵˣٻѾڴϣʱϴּ䴫Щ΢죬֪ӦǺٻ档
һתѸܵſţ㰡Ůڼ
һҵȵŴ򿪵ʱ򣬺ٻɫ̫ãĵһû˯ڻױ˴š
ҶƼŨŨĺȦͲ³߰˷ֵԭ΢΢һЦ϶룬ںٻ䱸£Ѿʩˡ
ſҡ
ʩʱ򣬺ٻ˶§ڻŭѡ
ȡֻǻ˼ʮʱѣԷϵĸı֮΢Ц˵ˣ󹦸ɣϲȡ
űϵţٻеˣʱ䲻ˣһױױԼʱе㲻ţȦûˣʲô
Ҷ߳˵Ů˵Ȼġ
ٻҲû뵽ԼڵƤôãҪκװͺܺˡְ棬ױһأϲϲҪϡ
û뵽ҶȻĻϵװ磬ٻܲ⣬ȥ˸̳
ҶﴩװٶȳǰʱЩɣ˿ľȻôã·ϣֱ޷졣
ҴĪǩԼ͸ԼȥҶͻȻ¶һĨЦղŵľӢгʧȡ֮һɵČ˿ģ
߰ɣаСʱٻԼ飬һûһġ
תʱ򣬺ٻĽһˣҶʶ§סڶԷӦ֮ǰס
Ȼ⣬ϾǰԼٻվȺ󣬺ϵؿڵлл
Ҷ΢΢һЦлҲðԷ鷳
ԼĵطԷûеٻҶ̬ȻǩԼҪһЩϾݳϯεǩԼġ
Ҷϵͷ˫΢΢۾ȴ֪ʲô⡣
ܿһ˴һڳǵǰٻվ߹ȥ֣Էȴòźٻ
òֶŮԽԽƯˡ
ٻԷ񣬾һģԼ֣ϧԷյĺܽ¶ͷ׼֮ʣһֳֻԳɵֱϵһ£˲־ɿˡ
ٻҶҶȴסԳɵ֣һ첲ļ΢Ц˵ǰɣĽܾˣǹȥΣ
ԳɶһƻͣеǳĲǵоĳԼĲʱʱͻһ¡
ʱıڲûзֲԣԳɵĶͷ鶼ðˡҶ΢Ц˵䣬һҶľ֮飬㲻ܾɣ


007 ɫɲ
Ҷһżļ飬ƭԳɵıڣٻΪһԳʶ
ȻܾܾڵСڶԷа
Ҷ䣬΢Цŵʵϵҵ˰ɣǶҽˣ˵ҪǸ浽ʲô
Գɵɫ΢䣬漴ϵ˵ʲô
ûϵҿ԰˵˵ϵĻǴһѵҲˡҹɱ֣ĲˡҶĶԷļ״Ц
ԳԶʱ⣬ʲôɱֻ֣Ҫץ˺ٻɱֵҲ֪
ƾľ飬Ҷ￴ԷȷûѣǾˣ˭ҪٻһŮҲʲô鷳ɡ
˵ܣԭôḻСôκϰĺӦÿ˳ǩԼɣ
ι޹أڷ飬һܺ𣿡ԳεǾܾúܸɴࡣ
Ҷȴ⣬٣ֵܣǶˣӦÿóҶŮȤɣҪǲæҾͻôأҪҪԿһʲô
ԳɸоʲôƤˣʱʼҴӦˡ
ŶʶʱΪܣñˣҪ֪ͽָɵڵˣıڸҵĶ֡˵ҶſԳɡ
ԳɾԼӹŹһȦúѿûа취֪ҶûڿЦԾԼı鿴ȻһЩ
ֶŮΪ˲ҵʱ䣬ҿºͬɡ
ٻĿҶһȴʲôû˵ļԳɣԳɿһ£ȷҲʲô⣬ˬǩ֡
ֱԳɴű뿪ٻе㲻ţݺԼȻô׵ľ͵ˡ
˵ŮҰǩԼɹôҲҳԶٷɡ
Ҷӣٻʵ㵽׶Գʲô
֪ʲôֻ˵ĵطԸǳϸĸʵκ⡣ҶͻȻɫںٻΪһҪԼʲôʱͻȻת
ҶһһЦ˵ŮȻɫɲͣվҵĶӰǻǸϽԷԼȥɡ
ȥ˭ҪԼᡣٻʵ޿̣ļгŶԷϾȥ
ȻʧˣҶһ㣬ܿĹ
ԷʱҶҲûʲô٬顣ȵڷֵʱҶûٿһۡ
úٻеʧ䣬ܿųӳ˾ȥ
ٻǽˣôҶﵱȻȥˡҪҵãɶȥĴĳŵ
ǵѭŵַסĵطʱŵȴһʮ̫̫ɲΪǺĸףΪ߹Լĸˡ
ѯ̫̫֮Ҷ߳˹Ԣ¥û뵽ϢѾǺüǰϴѧʱסĵطãã˺ȥʲôطˣ
ԺͻȻһ˾֣ٻĺͬæģ˾֣Ȼǵú
Ѿ׷˹ȥһУȻֻһͨˣͲȥȥЩϵҸŮܲðæѰҺãǸ⡣
ٻڽ֣ҶֻǻʮǮĳ⳵ѣ˳ĳ˼Ŵõſڡ
ڵҶǸ·ͨˣ߲ĵط¶һĨڴ΢ЦˣŮû뵽ôҪˡ


008 Σ
Բ𣬷Ǳ˾ԱǲȥġסҶȥ·
ҶԵǲ⣬Ź̨С΢΢һЦҶòֺĻ
Ҳӣƫܹ׵ŮĶһΣմ̼İ֮ą́С㱻ǵʮŪ٣˷·С¹ײˡ
ԼŮȻ˻գжҶӲˡ˵ĺܱǸ㲻ܽȥԤԼ
ǱߵŮҪܲã֮ǰҰһæټҵġҶ΢Ц˵
̨СǸգ˾²ԣҶĻ͸Իһ΢Ц˵õģԵȣȥѯһ¡
ڹ̨С绰ʱҶע⵽һԱӵ߽˹˾ֱ˾Բ򵥡
æȥϧ̫ѲǵǰҪҾҪˡ
Ҷе㵣ģȻɱֶԸٻôһβɹ϶еڶεġղǸ˸һֺΣյĸоֱٻҪͷ
ʱ򣬵߳ˣҶһӾͿǰĺٻ۾ĿǸԱϡ
ȻͬԤϵٻֵʱ򣬶ԷĽŲԼӿ죬ǳźٻȥġ
Ҷʱ˲һָڱֱ۵ѨϣڶԷʹѵʱѸٳ˴
Ҷĳֺܿٻע⣬ѾߵļһôͻȻˡĿȴԼһԼԱ
ˣǣҿҵˡǺþûԱ£ҶһǸԱߣ˶Էļ
һֻѾñĵм˶ԷĲϣܿ죬˺ԼĴʱˡ
߰ɣǣܷ˲ƾͲʶ˰ɡҶô˵ڱ˿£СвñҶ򵶽ۣҪǸĺǿɾͶԲˡ
˭ҲҴȻûϵԼʧܡ
Ҷﳯźٻ˸ۣǸɱ˲۵Ľ䣬ʱ򱣰ϵҪȥ׷Ҷȴٻֹûʲô飬ſڡ
ǡе֣ǲΡ
Ҷһֱٵĵطߣȷû˿ˣ˵ֵܣϵĹҶѾݱ¶ˣûҪִ񣬻ȥɡ
Ҷ֪ԷǺǵģһԵˡҶϵĻҳȥ
ڹսǴÿһĺٻûûƤ΢΢һЦˣŮˡ
ʲôٻе㿴Ҷ֮ǰߵǰȴٶۻأҪʲô
ŮʵͶ·Ҳ֪޷ģȥѵã˭֪ԷȻˣǳûضȥˡڽزģܲںĵİҶ浱˺ɡҿǾΣڿľۡ
ûô޳ܵļһҲȷѶԷ治ܡʵʲô
ǴңҶʵ
ٻ˵ﲻ
Ƿ⻹ҶһαôƺҪĴţƵֺü춼˯ž
ʱͬգȻѾѡϴ֣ôһжڽҷݹ˵ҲҵãҲˡ
ôٻе㲻ͷˡ


009 ˿ɲ˾Ӣ
Ҷ˿Ҳؿǣǵú˵һҿŸɱĥĥԼҪӮöԷΣٵһϺѵݡ
ɣʲôܸɣʲôľͲҶʱÿ̨Сڿ㳯˸ǵĶ
ٻɫʱĿǰһȱ飬ʤ𣿡
Ҷһ㶣漴ҡͷҴûɹУҵͺãҾÿźܷҵݣ㿴
ת˸ʾԼֻǸ˿־Ӣ飬ɲʡǼʶҶı£ҲΪҶְܵλ
ȻԷԸ⣬ҲǿŶԷӦͷ˵ðɣ͵ӳɡһύ²ھͿȥˡ
ŮҲǺѪ֪Ÿӳְλɾɶˡʱƴڻܹȥ麮õ顣
˺ٻк˳ˣҶεٻŵһӳ֮ǰǸȥ·Сɾձˡ
ҶߵǰͻȻЦĶԷļʮ쵼ӵ˵Сӣǰ;պúúøɣֲʿȷͲ÷Ž
ԷΪҶ˵ʱˡطʸߴãҪ뿪ˣĻҵôõĹ
֪һ͹ȥˣ֮Ҷﱳ׼ȥһ˾֣ȱѰһºٻڵ䡣
ߵſڣһɫܳͣǰųҡ£Ϳ˺ٻɫ˵ϳ
ѳ˵Ҷ붼ֱȥٻҲϻֱӿ뿪˹˾
ŮҪȥ
֣ȻҲԽҺܡٻϲҶ̬ȣԶôɵһ
ҶνЦЦҪȥ˾֣鷳ֱҹȥ
ٻ룬ŵΪ˵ֻǸڡ
ҶûͣҪ֮ͣǰﺮٻһ
ǰִ񣬶ΪҪȥûѡڲһˣץУ˾͵׷棬˼ҲС
ҶҲʲôˣƤľԼǸˣǾ̫޳ˡ
ٻ˵ҲеûȤҲûпڡ
ֱӵ˾ſڣλܲСȻҪһȥʱҶﲻˡ
Ůͱȥ˰ɡ
ԳɵҶ֪ˣͬѧ԰æٻֻ뻹Ҷһ飬ҲȷΰԼ
Ȼܹæ飬ûԹۡҶĻҲûҵòҪ飬ǴһֱҶҲãչˣһӶĲġ
˾Ǻð£ܿǾͲŶӣֱӱ˴һ칫ҡ칫һˣٻʱǱжˡ
һäĿ׷ߣŮܲõһ˺ܲ㶼Ű
Сٻ˵ңЩ⡣ʲô𣿡һһס˺ٻ֣뿫͡
ҶʱͻȻ΢ЦȥǰѶԷקԼҡ˼˵һᣬҽҶ
ٻĪĿҶ漴˵ׯǡ˵ɡ
֮Ҷ˵֮Уõġ
ٻôΣתȥϴּ䡣ׯƢԣûΪҶֻǺٻ͵


010 δ
ͳ׼򵥼¼ԷԱ֮ġҶﵹǻشĺׯȴŹֵĿ
Щôˣ
ȷûڸҿЦׯɫÿˡҶȴԣҸô鷳𣿻Ǻóʲô⣿
ôٻʱ߽ʵ
ׯʮε˵λĺȤϣѾðæˡ
ôʲôٻʵҲе棬ҶҪҵĵ˭
ׯͰҶĵǼϵŶ˵һ飬ٻŮ䲻꣬סַл·𶦹Ԣ113Ԫ
ٻ̧˵ˣʵ˽̽ң
ҶҲǾһ£漴Ӿ˼·ٻô˵ֻǡǺá
ԲۣҲ̫С˰ɣҺôôˮһãֱ̫ûˡ
Ҷһ΢һ·ȻЩЩˣǾҪʽһ㣬ãûѶ˵㣬Ȼֻ֪͵ַΣҲȷһ£ǲик
ֱЩϷ绯˴ӾֳʱҶﶼԵ̫ˡֻǺ֮飿µΣɴֱǰˣ
ٻڳһԲҲ֪˵ʲôкܶҪʣھֲö˵ֻܴҶȳ
һ·ŽĺȥԴӸĸ֮ʹǸɹԢ˱
һסټı˵ЦϤһúٻĺ
һ¥ıǰͣ£ܿ˿ţֱӰѳӿ˳⣬漴ҲҶûϣֱӽ˱
Ҷܵ˶ԷķŭΪԲԼġٻڿ£ȵҶǰʱ˵Ըңǲɲĵĸ磬ʲô
ɲģҶ۾ǿĴԼû˸ôӺ
ٻͻȻܵһ⣬ʶ̧ͷҶԷһŵıͷһˡ
һҶһЦȢ㣬ѾûиĸˣԳΪھҶδˡ𣿡
ٻŲ豭һһվ˵ʲôܣҸٻˣҲֻ飬ģ
˷ӣҲôĶǰҶһһͰյǰٻͻĿûչκλңֻɢƸǿˡ
ȥѰԼҸˣԶչ㡣ҶʱߺٻѾˣǸǵľԺٻԸһ׷ʺ򣬲ʧȥ˵ʹ࣬źҲóܵġ
ٻǲţҶͳһǾҲղصĻ
ٻʱ̽˹һǸԲε׹ȻҲ֪ʲôطȻ׹
״Ҷе⣬û򿪹׹ÿγʱáԭǸƬ׹СӵȫҸ
֪ƬαôЦҵˡҶǸܴӶǼֱǸ棬û뵽׹һӢ
ٻƬɫѿð˵ҸȥҸǲѾ͸˵ⶫǲ뿪ߵġ


011 ҹɱ
ҶĬˣúٻҪѹȴû뵽ջǱࡣ
Ҹ硭ôģ
ѳְҶԲ˵ݣӶٵӶֻҪôҪôӴ˲ἰԼĹȥһй¶Ǹܣɱ֮
ҶԶǵõǾʲô뿪Ӷ硣ⱲӺֻͨˡ
ٻͷɫЩ԰ףƺҶ͡˵ҼǵҸ˵֮ǰǸɰģҲһ𣿡
Ҳô⣬ͬһطһ𱣻İȫһˡ˾һ㶼ͱڹҹˣְҵȻӶ֮𣬵Ҳǽӽǵְҵˡ
ƻǸϲϱ仯Ҷʽȴû뵽ķʽ˺ٻࡣ
ٻҶ˵ȻҸôҪĶ㣬㻹֪ҹȥס֤ĹϵܺãԺͷסһ㰲һһְλǡллҴҸ
սӵ˵Ѷ˭鶼̫áٻ˵ʹط䡣
ãʵҵļԽ㣬ȻҲУǧһ˶ڷѹҿǴӦ磬һҪÿ춼İҶŲ˵
ٻȴûлӦ״ЩСʧļͻЩ˿뿿ûаŮô˵Ĳϧ
ȵٻ֮ҶɫҲ֮ǰ֪ٻ˭ֻǸܹȤŮˣæС⣬ʲôΪպĳ롣
ںٻѾǸŮϰôˣǳսۣ׷ʲôֻҶʱգجûкֵܵȣҶ¡
ʵҶҲûҪ𣬲Щ˵ԶڵԶԸģҾԸҲܲء
ߣͲҪҳǸĻ֣ȻҶҧҧһ˿ݡ
ҹڴҶʱ򣬸ڵķǴһУǲѵҶͬһĳ嵽˺ٻķ䣬ͷһӰذɱٻ
ҲúٻҹڿˮҪ˯УͳΪˡ
Ҷ̧ԷڳٶȺܿ죬Էֻоһʹӱ۵ءû͵ϻûݣҶĶȻѸͣȭȣƵǸһˡ
ٻܵľŲСڴӴͽǰѣȻŵûϰʱҲǷ̫ͻȻӦ˾ͳȥ
ʱҶľ벢Զһˤþ͵ҶĻСҶʶ˫ַһѣֱ۴Ҹ´ȥһע⣬ز
ٻŵòᣬ侲ĻӦ̴漴ٸһʲôġ
ϧڵĺٻŲûվȣǸ˼ѵãѸټϵĵӣٶȳǹҶкٻ׸Ȼǰɡʱֵĺʱ˺ٻܻȥˡ
ϧ̫͹ҶҶﵱʱʲô룬һѽٻӵϱһһźߣֱӾߵ˶Է´ذס
ذײŶԷĶǽڣʱֻֿܳȭҶ򶷡Ҷﱧźٻ֮У˭ע⺮ٻ״ٻ׵кǺ˹еʱ򣬺ٻ˯Ϊղŵڶһӡ


012 קŮ̽
ʱҶýǺ˱˺üȻ׼ʱסĺٻʱʱͲѪ
Ů˸ղŻʲôԣ͸˯µѷ죬Ʋߡ
ٻҲӦԼйʱ·ˡ
ҶЩʧðΣӢ۾ܲ΢һ㣿
ʱٶϮСǿҶҲΣֻ˳ֱסٻһ̽ڰѺٻ˦ȥʱѾǺ˵ǰ߳ţƵöԷĲˡ
һջֱۣٻ˳קתһȦصҶĻ
ʱٻһ䣬Ҷǲ赸ϵ˼㡣
ҶĿȴںٻϣ˿̺ٻΪź٣زӾ磬ô̬ôõ㣬Ҷ̲סһ¿ˮ
ٻһ붯ҪϧΪ̫˿˯´ϻ䣬Ӻٻǳ׻ʧɫˡ
治ֻҶһء޴ʱҶѾѸٳ´ϵıٻʵĹס
֡˴ӸղžͲ֪ռٱˣһ˿֧ţڶҪ޳ˡ
ʱ׼ӴߣϧҶĶ죬һǻߣֱӽ˴Ӵ˳ȥǱĶ㣬ˤȥҲˡ
Ҷ֪ͨԷҲǸ򵥵ˤȥ϶£ҲŴӶ¥¡
ٻˣҶȻôӶ¥ȥʱܵȥʱֲһȻûˡ
Ǹû뵽ںٻȻ˸֣ԾʧߡҶĶ֣ˣȥ϶Կ
һһѸӵ˵ϣһܡԷͳʱѸߣܿ첻ټ
Ҷ￴ǺӰǽߵʱֻ΢΢һЦȴû׷ȥ
ٻʱĵ˹Ϊ̫ţЬӶ˴
ãΣѾˡҶΪģƤЦ˵
ʱٻȴŵץסҶֱ˵ˣҽȥ
һο£ԭôһŮʵҶͿˣٻǸ׼͵Ůˡǣ赹ڻʱɶܵġ
ɲϣŮ˵ͬĶ˭ЧĻֻҪǸ˾ͿԳˣǵʱɾЦˡ
ٻתʱҶͻȻһ죬ֱӰ˸§˻Сٻһ֮£ȻٰҶһ仰ȴƻļǿ
޾ͿްɣֻǸŮӣʱһ£û˻ġ
һ仰ͷ˺ٻеıˣ˲̡ĸʱԼҪǿ粻ڣҪסҡ
ڸҲˣǸԼܿޣ޾͵ʧȥϣǶˣһڣҪס
ҶִӶԷıһ»סںٻ⧲£һֻѾһ룬ֱӴ̽˺ٻĲ
ûúٻſĻ˯ˣҶｫ˷䣬Ǻñ֮Ŀϵϡ
ҵˣû뵽ֱ飬ȻΣաģڣûܹ˺ָһ׹ӣת뿪˷䡣


013 ʧȥʶ
ڶһ磬ٻһ˷䣬ҶһȻڴ̨ϳ̵ʱˡ
ҶʲôǵԼҪҶҩģ֪ôͻȻ˯ˣһòǳʧȥʶʲôɣ
ҶϨͷһ΢Ц߹˵ʲô˰Ҷˣ˼޸ңû취޸ˡİɣȻеԿ˭µһˣίȢˡ
쵰ٻϱŵı߳ˣһֱ侲ģΪʲôˣͺˡ
ҶȴΪ⣬ˮ۵һѣţһϹҿɲֻش
ٻԼŭȫѹŶҶ˵ҪٸҺһ䣬̸ҹȥ
Ҷںٻֱ۵ʱ򣬹ͺһ¶ʹı顣ŶԷ棬ʼ·
֪Ҫʲôĺٻʶ˺һʱҶȴѵ˳¶˵ۡ
ʵ˲أҲŪģԼһɱһ㶼ˣһٻĻɣֻó²ˣϾмٲŲ⵽ɡ
ٻˣҶΪ˾ûˣڻˣʵڲӦúһ˵˽ƽϡ
Ұҩ
ҶûܾŮæҩܵˡɳϣٻҽҩ䣬һ߰ҩ£ҶȻ˲ͬյˮĺٻ
ҶﳣִʱΪǱü죬̫ɹҲǳе顣ļֽСɫٻ칫ңʣƤͬţ̡
֮ļһȴ˾úгҶæƾʱ򣬹ⷢһЩȽʹúٻԾķһٽǵòһ¾ʹһ¡
Ʈҡӣи绨ҶﶼеҸˡȻںٻΣķ
Ҳһ߰ﺮٻ鷳һô׷Ůޡ
ٻѳͣ·˵ǰǹ˾Լ߹ȥɡ
ãȻǰǹ˾һȥˣҶĺҿΪ˰Ҷ⶯˶˵ĸ첲
ٻкգҪǿҶǹ˵ھΣǱ
ľھˣû취ֻܰѳֱӿͣҶһڹ˾϶ᱻ۷׷ףôӪŮǿ
ϧǣҶԾ̫û˼粽ĸߣҪϴʾܾ
˲Ÿս빫˾ܶ˵ע⣬ϰʱΣ˾Աʱ򣬵ǷŮϰ߾ȻһУ׷ײ²˵ݡ
ſڵСҲȷεĶӳʲôȻԺŮϰһϰࡣ
ٻһı飬ѹκҪкˣʡȥ˺ܶ鷳
ٻ˵֮ҶջĿ⣬ȷЩ֮ûпûмźٻʵͨķܹԺٻ¶ֵֻˡ
һ־Ǻٻҵ֣ΪͬһӶĦԷҪٻʱٻűȻ
һ־Ʋٻֻкһ磬ҲѾˣźٻûбˣڻںٻ֮ٻš


014 
ҶֱʵСǻĹǵΣķĹ⡣Ϊɱƺ̫ܣƲܣôӦûбʲôı档
ֻϧʱҲԭ򣬲ҶԶ֮ˣοǷ˺ôһԱٻ岻ݴǡ
ٻڿ֮󣬾ͲԾ뵽ҶȻӼʱͶֶţǵǾüΡܹһʶ˶ȣҲʲôˡ
ʵٻ֪Լе㰮ݼڵΪѾԲǻˡ
Ҳ֪ʲôٻŵĻԾһ䡣
ԼȻӶҶʱʱ;ԼӳˡôܹǸĻ쵰һ챻Ż˵ĺ֢һ
ʱŻŵţȽ֮˵ܲãղи˴绰˵Ǽ乤ˡ
ٻһ㶣漴վͳ壬ɫѿ˵ҪɱҿԽܣⲻ˼ˣھȻǶҶ˭
Ҷڹ̨ͻС㴵ţ٣˿ǽдһȡ
ԵߺܲԺһҵһ˧Ǯ˵ϹԷһܹ浽ʱر㲻ɫǶϡҶһСģһߺ
СЦĻ֦ҲһԴ˵ԺϹǾҶ˵껹˸ۡ
ҶϲŮĸˣСú̸̸֮Ļʱȴǡÿ˴ӵĺٻ
ٻСĵôͶжʱһ˶ţôΪһڻĲ
ҶӶԷɫӦǳʲôˣɿС֣ӣٸ̽һˡ
Ҷ磬߰С㲻ԡ
ʱҶѾ˺ٻߣʵôˣ׳ʲô飿
ٻĿһͣߣϰʱƴڻץʮԼȥ²췣ɡ
Ů˻һһۣеĺŮ˵˵бҪô
ڳԴ𣿷ĺˣѾиˣӴӦ쿪ʼҾѾ㵱ҵδšŮ˾ٺãһȣǶ·ߵĻҰݡҶһߺһſں˵
֪ٻӦм£ôҲΪйֺٻ̫׽ԼĸѹⲢһ£ʱ˺˺塣
ҶͼԴúٻ԰йȻʱ˼࣬ǿɵòʧ
Ȼٻ⻰һҪˣƫƫʱмԱŭֱӲѹ˻ȥ
ҶЩʧŮҲһʢŮʱһӣǲ֮¡˵ϲһŮӣŹʡ
ٻ֪ҶսͼޣֻĹ飬ǧҪʧ̫󣬷ٻŵĹɼӰ졣
ڵٻţȻ޷⣬һӪ߸֪ĻȻڵ벻֧ĵزܹЧ滹һ첻һ졣
ҵģԽ󣬳еķҲԽһٻųʲô⣬ôͻмǧʧҵʱô붼Ҷ롣
ٻϳҶֱ˸ʻ״Ҫ³һ뵽ҶҽҲ֪Ǳ߳ʲô飬һҪȣҶҲɵó


015 
Ĭ˶ԷĴڣ̿˹˾ķȥûǾͿǰŨ̹Ѿһϸֳ
ҶҲףӦǺٻĵطʲô顣ٻļ٣ƫƫʱֻԶŨ̷ѡ
Ҷ￴ȥʱĦгǸСǸ񣬾ȻͣžӰŪķ͡
ֱٻ³һѽӳק
٣ǣҵĳû뵽ԼȻ˾ôʱŭ
ǸĦгһãм£ºԴ绰Ҫ⳥Ҷ˵ʹӺٻ׿ڴͳһƬݸꡣ
ƬʱҲ֪ǲǹ⣬ٻоԼһ£ϧԷ̫죬ȷǲĻþ
꿴Ƭʱˣô֪ǲǡ
ϧҶ˵ȥĻᣬͷ˺ٻں档ٻûĦгֳֻŲ֪š
Ҷֱ֣ԼȻĦг˳ȥ
Ҷﳵ޵ְ´һҪúдд衣
ٶ̫̫󣬵ºٻֻܹ§סǰ˵ʹ˵һҶűŮӵĽţԾعӿ˳١
ٻץˣ״̲סЦ߳ŭǾͲˡ
ĦгȻǺܿ͵·ص㣬һ֪һֻ֣ǻ֪Ρ
ƴǻˡٻɫ԰׵ĿŹ̫ˣǴ飬α֪ͨٻţǲҪΣˣ
ʱ˲סƫƫʱ򣬿ҶƺеĲң˳ֺ治֪òùһԼùˡ
Ҷɲ֪Լ˵ڵɫҲÿֵճˣǶĳް
ʱѾˣǾȻûҲǺһ·ˡ
ٻЩ˵ԱһץסҶ֣ǣһҪȡ
Ҷ֪˼ȻԼѧҽھڳû취ʾҽ֤ǲЩ˻ġ
ٻҶﲻΪԸæ˵ˣǶ޹ˣΪҵĹϵǳ¡
ɱɱҶĶЩ˽ļһûٻɵŮˣĶץˡ
ںٻļ֮£ǻܹȥæ˻
˵˶Ҷ˵ֻܹʱǼʹ࣬ЩˤŤ˵ģӦ硣
Լҽ̫עĿ붼ûжãǿԼһЩھ˻
ûþȻˣҶ˿ʱͻȻѾķ洫΢
Ȼ΢ҶǾѵģԱ̽Ǻѷɫ
˳ķ˹ȥܿͱֳľסˣ㲻ܽȥһжǾ
Ҷ˵ÿ˱ѹ棬ٲȳҪˡ
ҶȷʱٻѾָҶߣЩȷʵ
˵ɣҶٿĪ磬ͻȻҲԼͨѹ̫ˣôҪԼΪ


016 ޾
ٻͻȻԾ˵Ǻٻҹϰ壬Ա˵˱ѹסˣһˣҪôæԮҪôȥҽ
Ҷе⣬ΪٻӦҲỳԼжϣû뵽ȻѡԼ¶һĨЦݣһ§ס˺ٻ硣
ã˽ңȥǸˣúõ̸̸Ҷ뿪ʱ̲סºٻƯĲ
úٻҪˣֳŵȴҷƢԸҶû˵ѣȻ˵ùӳԣ춼ġ
ҶĵطﱻܶݵĶѵţıѹ棬ҲΣա
ڵҲûа취жϣܲܰ˴ŪôණҪǶŲˣ͵õϱֽͷˣǡʿ硱
Һʱ򾯷ǱߵӪԱѾĹӦǸղλ֪ͨǡ
Щ춼𣬷̧ܻǲǵµǱˡ
ھһʱİ֮ȻѹһˣƶԷϢ΢ӣӦ⡣
Ҷ￴۲Զĺٻһ߽žʣһ߹еĿߣӦǺܵ
ЩӪԱҲȷרҵܿͰѶԷϵĶˡֻǵҪᶯ˻ʱҶȴȵ
˶ʱĿҶٺһЦųѪ߱ʲô֢ƶʱġ
Щ˶רҵģҲһЩȴʩ֪Ҷ˵пܡ˻ʶѾʼģ취Ļ׾͡
Ҷ֪оҽȣҲһˣֱ¿Ӷ
ιʲô
ȰæȣǸϿ֪ͨ˴ܺ͸ֱɡҶ˵Ѿȡ룬ûʩչκμֻ֮ԼⷶΧڣֱӷס˲˵ļѨλҼߵ
ֻмỼߵĸ󣬲ܹܸҶôֻΪҽΪʱоҽˣҲʲôԣֻΪǻߵá
ҶҽƶӸϵʱ򣬲źۼĽ˻ȻԱߵλ
ȵ˱֮Ҷ˿жϣǸӦ㹻ܹ֧ŵҽԺˡ
ٻʱѾ;ͨˣѸҶߣŵʵǸôˣ
ϱӦȵһҲŶԣûͷ󺹣𣿡ҶȴҶͼٻע
ٻôܲ˼ӣֱòأ
Ǳ˰ǲݻڵУʧȴܴ󣬹漸̨ͻҪڡ
οڳ֮ǰһ׼ĻڻûˣʣµʱҲһｻͻ
ٻɫ̫ãҶһϢǰķ棬ȺٻͻȻúΪĺܺãɵͷȴ֤߹Լ
һеĴҪϢˣȫû취鷳
Ҷ״е㲻ģοЩ˭Ҳ뷢Ҳ̫ģεʧܵ
ٻͷ´Įıɽߣޱ˵ǻع˾ȥھ취ڳһӰӵԲΪ⣬ͻٵٻŵ


017 ӵ
Ѹ뿪ıӰҶ׼ӵο֣뵽ҪҪôƴʱʾһ㣬ͲôˡǸԼ˸ӡ
ĺֵܺһֱǸƷɫúٻƷǲӵϣȴƫƫҪݾ
Ϊܹϣ˾ֻĬĬףԸλܹĺã
Ҷﲢûкͺٻһ뿪ھ֮󣬹۲һӻȼյķһЩϸ֦ĩڣûзŹ·𿴵һɵתûȺ뿪ˡ
֪ԼֱղǸ뿪˼㲻֣ҲһⳡйأϧưǾ飬ֲһϷ֣˫ֲ㶵תе뿪ˡ
ص˾ʱ򣬽ӵ֪ͨ˰Ĺʣϰʱ䲻Ӱ
ҶЦЦǰ칤ʣ˵Ǯ治ʲôȻڵȫֻһٿ飬Ϊ¿ʼǮʿС
һ뵱ͨ˵˵һٿܹ棬¿ʼ㡣
Ůţ⵱СʵΪɫ̫Ҳ˼˵ԼС
ʱӰ쵽ٻţǵʲô˵ˡ취£ʽ𣬲ڽʱ֮ǰϳЩٻٵľͲǽǮϵʧ
°ʱ䣬Ҷ﷢ֺٻٳٶû¥¥飬ֱ˶¥
ٻƣĽ֮䣬˿Ĳ֪ķ粨ʱ˿Ϊǹ˾߹ܣ
Ҷװûпٻ´һٻİ칫ңȻ˵ӴΪĸŮôҪǮҪ°˻ڰ칫ҲߣԭҵװδްãҪٲؼҵĻɫŶ
ƭСءȥٻ⣬һﻹңŪǿЦá
Ҷ£ĳ˵ֻҪ˵ء
Ҫʲôٻʶ˫ֽ汧סԼ
ҶһЦŰϴڷɻϵʱʵֻʱ㻺˲֢ûȫΡ֪ΪʲôΪ̫ˡ
ٻտʼúõģҶĻװǵҸˡ
ҶҾ͸ˡ
ҶһãȻʵңʲôˣˣɧˡֻڳʵѵҲд
һҶﵹȻٻѵԼ˵Ĵ
ŪĲˣҶſһת⣬ʵ˵ĽָǷҪ֪֮ΪˣΪӵǿнԼȫѹʱ˾ͻ
ҶĻʵҲǺܼ򵥵ģ˵ñĸط⣬ֲȥܵĻʱ䳤˾ͻӸȥ¡
ٻᣬǲӦûᷢЩģԼѹ̫£ְиѹвҷйʱҲͱòˡ
ٻҽҶ˵ͷͷǵҲǰԼ˸߰˰ˣЩΪˡ
ôӦô˭ںԼ壿ĵ̡
Ҷʲôû˵ֱ˫֣˸ϮصĶʱٻľһƿҶå
Ҫå͵ôǱೢԼΣܰеĸȫйˡҶҲ֪ڽβǸռˡ
ٻ޲ðһ߳ȥǹѾһ춼ͷöˣûҶϹ֡
˵δ򲻽飬ڿ϶ҺõĻҾͿǰæ
˵һΣҪٺ˵˵Ҿ̸뿪ٻĿץˡ
絽һƷ˵Ҫֱڮ¶Щд־Ƽ춼ˡ
ҶﵹǲΪ⣬ӦֵչһһȢţҲʵ벻ʲôõİ취ˡ
ȻٻûжҶرĺã˶ʮֵİȫ룬ҶﻹǾﺮٻһǰΣ
ķֲ㣬ЩҲ̵λҲһ⣬Ҫڹ涨ʱڰѻϳǸܵġ
ֲϻЩʱ⣬Ҫͻܹ˵ԸڵĻ鲻ӭж𣿡


018 Ϊ
ٻһۣͻô˵ĻαػҪüûô򵥡
Ҷ˵ҺϰϿһݸңܲܽ⣬һ֪ˡ
ٻŽɣһ￴˲ҽе㾫տ֮⣬ʵڿԷʲôܹ˵ǸѲϰı¡
Ǵ򿪹˾ڲϵͳٵ׼һݿͻļϡҶĥʱ򣬺ٻҲڹ۲Ҷú֣ǰֻǸɰģ
Ҷ￴ͻϵʱ۾һŮӦʮˡǮౣĲ̬֮ǰûʲôգһӾ˰ٷְٵİա
ϣźٻ˸ۣϱһɣ͵ҵĺϢɡ
ٻ˵ʲôҶѾ˦뿪ˡҲһʲôȥôˡ
ٻ뵽Īһ㵥ǹƥȥǸˣҪĻһˣ˵Ƴٽʱ䣬ҿ»пΪ֪޷ڽ¡
һֻԴɵĶҿֻԼ֪ܶ˶Ůʲô̫ˡ
ô죿Ҫһ𣿡ٻѰʱ򣬰ѺŪ˵ϡ
ʱҵȫҸ˳ʱٻŷȻһƬϸһɲҶĺ˴ĶǱװЦĸϾȻҲһ˿ЦݣͿ֪˵Ĺϵܺá
ָһ¸ֱӺԱЦĺҶôŸ۹ɣܲԼҸ鷳ɡ
Ҷٻųʱ򣬲Լȫֻһٿ飬ôٵǮôܹǸƵĸŴϻ
ץץͷССһ·쭵ƵĹ˾ʱøЩԱ°࣬Ҷװˣſڵıһ̾ͳҪҪϢ
ԭǸʮĹѸ˾ɷŲŮҲмԹ˾ûеգǾӪԽԽˡ
ŮʹûˣƢȻǲ̫ãҵҲǳŮǿˡ
ٻ֪ϽκεĲأԲŻΪܼʱա
įŮǻȥһЩⳡЩŮֵĵط
ҶʱվһΪȵPUBưɣ
Ҷ˰СʱǸǸܹɵŮˡֵطǲ˵ʮһ׼ʱؼҡ
ֱϵıʮһˡʱ߳һʮ괩źɫװŮˡ
Ů˵װҶûιȥһֵطŮˣĸǴĻ֦չŮȴ෴һĺɫװһڿ۾±˲֪ӹŰ塣
ҶĥǲȻȥʱⶸȻźƤͻȻŮ˵İŮ˼״Ȼһߺ˰æһԼȥ׷
Ů׷ʱΪܣҲ¶˳һԵҶ￴ЩĲǴŸ߸ЬڽϱܣҲǸѶȶˣʵԺӡҶȾܣ׷ʲôҲǾ֮Ͱˡ
ƴPUBʱ鼫ȲãΪܹԼǩɣòԽֻƵصķ³֪ǿɶȵʱ޲һ˶Էֲźá
ǽƺǵù͸ˣճİнոǩɵĺԼҪŪˣʧɲǮǵǮˡ
ߵȣϧûһԸ£ڵ˵ĮžĺҧҧֻԼȥ׷ˡϣǰܹǮͰİ
ܳȥûõʱͻȻи˴߱ܶٶȺܿ죬һˤڵأһֻ߸ЬЬ׶ˡ
Ҷܿ׷ٵģ˵һȭһɸ㶨űƤصŮߡ
С㣬İѵѪһأҶ͵˶ˣܵĸо治
лл㣬һ£ҡƺܸмˣֻϧ˼ζûܹվ
Ҷʱþ󣬱ǴԷһѵģ˭֪ϲǿƫҪԼǽŲȵĽֱӳ
Ҷֱӳĵ汳ƸоиӲʱ֪ԼǲСѹһ˵ϡʱþţˤƼϽˣҪô׵ġ
ŮԼĥĥȥģٴˣֻҪӦˡ
Ůʿбˣұް
һ⻰ƹȻͣ²侲ѾоԷǸѻŮӣ֪ܲʲôʱһȡ
ԴɷԺҲûкʲôͻȻٵҲЩԲ
ҶȻڻĸоܲȥҪˡһתѾ˳ĽŮ˲
ֻоǰһѾվˣʱЩĿҶ˵˭
Ҷ΢΢һЦ泯ϣ˿洩ǰɫĳ֪ǲΪղһСΣ˵㺹ǰɫĳʪĵط΢͸
һ£ϵĲ²Ů˴Ǵ׵¡Ҷ˼ʱѾԼһϼϧ̫͹ԼˣƿҶ˲
ҿҶۼֿĽ§뻳УĲҾ硣ҲΪƽ˾ĶҪһˡ


019 ײ
Ǹ˼뱣صŮˣôһ̽ƴҪռ˵Ȼܶ࣬ɶܾˡñ˾ãԼһжǿ廻ġ
ԼȻһ˺ü˱һȻܹܵģ̾ҪĻ
æгңҶֻٶˤԱеƲ֪ڶЭ£Ҷһú̧ͷƶ˸ţǵĴһ
ȻֻǸѣԴ΢ѾǺϼԼС꣬ǲ֪˵ʲôźá
ҶǶԷȴû֡
Ҷ˵ˣûĻĽӦŤˡ
ԶʱΪˣһŮˣߵӱ϶⣬ôȥ
ֻܵˣҶţҪȥƵĽʱȻʶ赲
Ҫʲô
Ůʿ𼤶ֻǾ϶û취·ѧģһӦúܿûˡ
Ϊ˱ʾԼû˵ѣͳһ롣ҲǲŲ֮һ̹ӣֻܴӦˡ
ƴǺɫ˿࣬ܲ͸ģҶ޷鿴
ҽУܹĻǾֻܿˣĵطٸƶʹķӦ˽
һ£ʼѪҲǼӵʱ䡣ܿƾ͸оԼĽŲôʹˡ
Ҷ֮˵Ѿûˣ߸Ьʱܴ
Щ˼ĵͷһֻЬѾˣҲܴɴֻЬСҶĲ£߶£ȻѾˣƽûʲô
Ҷû£վԭأˣǵһ»ȲˣҪȥԷˡ
û뵽ϻĺˣƸм˵ˣлл˰ˣԺʲôҪƬҡ
ӺɫװڴͳһƾµƬݸҶﵱʱ˵ڿ֮ȴ̾ôôɵ顣
Ů˾Ȼƣе롣
ҶĿͺPUBؿ£֪ʲôҲ֪ΪʲôȻæ͡
ᣬǺ̸⣬ⲻճٵġ㣬ǰҵĴæ
Ҷҡͷҿµø㣬Ϊ㡣
ңٶȴһҶȷĲʶʵʲô𣿡
ãٻŵˣҽҶҶֽܵ
һٻŵˣƵüͷѾ֪ҶĿˡ⣬ٻŵĹ£Ҳеϧ̣Ϊʹԭ
ҵ˼ң̻Ҫģ̳ûʲô̸ģҶиԵ棬뵱úˣ̳ǱĵطǸ첻ȥġ
ҶҺܸмղŶҳҲ޸ĺͬġպʲô˽˵æܰȻҪٻ˵ûǾˡ
Ů˹ȻѸ㣬ҶҲЦ˵ʵҲ˷У̸ֻһ׮ԲòԼڵ飬Ӧÿ
ĻƲ˼Ȥⳡϵˣ̸Ǿ̫١κ̻ϲĥһ£ܹô˾֧
Ҷ̬ȲôǿҷˣȤǾҸط̸̸֤㲻С
ȴǴ˱˼ҲǶҶ㻳ɶûУҪ֪һж̫ɺˣˣȻҶͳְƤ˵Լٻŵˡ
ܹκĽţڶҪֱӴ绰ˡٻҲһΣǸһ̳Ůмϧ
˸ĿҶһһ֭üҲȹ֭
ңڻǺȵ㸻άصĹ֭ȽϺãŮԼ嶼չˣǾ̫˷츳ò츳ˡҶЦ˵
һҲûӣҲĻƵĳҡ
ǹĨ˵ôЩҶĿ࿴ˣߵˣ붼ǰķлֱҪġ
޴⡣


020 ˵
Ҷҡͷһϵ˵Ϊ츳ŮõԽʵŮˣ͸Ӧע
ûмִһڳ֭ŵȻ⣬ǾͿ˵ɣһ¡
ô飬ҶҲ˹ĺһڴĿȡ
ӾͺˣĹ˾ԻױƷΪɡȻˣҾи飬ϾҪˣ˵㲻֪ʲôڡʱ򣬲ٻŰһרеŮ˵⾫װ
ҡͷЩʵʣװͻӳɱʱ򻻰װûɡ
°װĲƷҲҪһ̣ŮļڣװȻǲǵġ
ҶȴôΪǰﺮٻģҪǲܹƽƣλȥϱ
װƷǿʡˣ۸ͻԭֻۣҪһʱ䣬֤ĶȻЧ첻ãԸ⸶˫ļǮعЩװ㶼׬ˣֲΪ
΢˼һ£ʵٻŵʲôְλ
ҶȻһЦǸٻȫĶӳ
ҲǱˣƵھƬ˸һ£һӳ̸⣬Ǻٻֵ²ԻǿҪһӳӡ
뷨˲Ϣ䣬֮ƲŵҺܺ棬ӵôòܵ㣬ΪʲôҪӳͺٻʲôϵ
ϵȻϵнˮҾܼҶŹ
ҲɵӣҶһбʲôݣ˵ԼֻһŹţǲ֪״ٻ
һؿǣ˽ұ绰ٻ⣿ʱѾҪߵ˼
ҶȻֹ΢΢һЦðɣ֪ˡߡ
⣬ͻȻת˵ʲôˣ˲ţٻŴĲˣʱӭ㡣
ҶŮ˵Ĵϻۣ̲ס˸ޡٻǸСӿɾ̫øĺˣŵڶѽ
ܣĿǰٻţɵĻʱҲûҪضôĿŵǽţĺ𣿡
ƱЦˣȻ˵ֻ˲ţвѰǧȻǸŮˣȴҲ֪˲󡣺úÿһ£߻Կ㡣
شҲû˵ʲôЦЦ뿪ˡ
ȵӿԶ֮ҶϵЦʧˡתûڰ֮УҹɫŨ֮ʱǸȼչĹ
ȳĶѾȫתˣǳһĳء
Ϳֳ󶨰Ľ·ϻ߻˶ͣҶ
ôﵽʲôǹݻ𣬵˭ҪôԸٻš
ڷ֮лߣһֳѾƻˣҶﲻһˣıϴֳҲһܹв˿
ȼյΪصĵط·ȷȫء
·߻Ҳδؾϻ߻˳ǽ·ȼպĺۼһ㳯ȥһ۵ǽǡﱻ˸Ϊġ
ҶӣֵǸطܿ죬ͷ˲ԾĵطСȻһɫָһ£Ȼʯۡ
ߣȤˣŲڸʵ
ٻҶĻ֮Ϸǵûκα飬ҪһͼûСҶЩ֣ĪԼʲô飿
Ůĺ룬֮ǰüĵƲϺͽٻϵĴʧȴһޱ飬Ҫװ
ϱʲôأΪǽѣôҲøҵ㽱ǲǣҶһƦ׼ںٻ£Ȼһ뺮ٻȴߵһ¡
ԾǳĬĿ飬Ҷһ£Լƺ󣬻صϴ裬·ҲϴɵģѵǷ˺ۼˣ⵹Ҫƭٻɵϰߡ
ΪһӶҶһǵϸ
ÿһطÿһˣѸٵȥκй˿Ϊľǲۼ
ٻӣͺ֪֮ǰʲôʲôǰƵһѣڵϰʮоŸǽ磬᲻ᵽûˡ
ȻɲҶԸֻ΢²һԼǸܹĴˡ
óԶðɣǾġҶﲻ֪ʲôطͳ̣˼Ҫźٻ̡
һ뺮ٻȻǰеĶҶﺬһģĿڣϱַġ
㣬˵ҲġԺԱһܲãܡ
ٻ治ףеĴ˲ϲ̣ʵǸõĴ磬̲Ⱦƣ޲ϰߣԽҲʿ
ǰˣֱҪ޳ܹҹˡĺѣҲԲҸôһƦһ˵ġ
Ҷõа棬Һ氡ţй£ҼȻӦ˾ͲܲҪңҿô
ٻϲ߿ЦǸ˻ԼĴ硣
ƺоŭ⣬Ҷʼ磬ðɣȻôңһǰˣ㿴Űۡ
Ҷص䣬ûһͳˣǸ򵥵ϣѾ֮ǰװTţп㣬ôһսǵʵСӡ
ٻɳһʵҲܣ֪Ҷʵûô칤£һߣ⿿ԼĻô޷侲


021 ʱ
ϵʱҽԺǱߴ绰˵Ǹ˻ѾΣգ˼ʱ˼ȴʩ˱ɡܹⳡٻѾǷҶһˡ
ҶָԼѾõӻڵֲЭ顣ȻֻǼ仰ױǩ͸£ʱЭзЧõġ
ȻʶĹҶӡ̫ãܾ̫ḡֻҪŮϷһ£飬ȴ˾򵥡
ͬ˵ֻǸ˾Ա𣿶硭ʬ嶼ûֻǱ֪ѳְˣͲ֪鲻ô򵥵ģűɵҶһ֪ࡣ
ŮôӸ磬Ϊ᲻ңʲôʲôġ
ٻû˵ıˣҪʱҶߣȻ
Ȼҽôæô̸޸ĺԼ飬ͺһȥɡٻվĮ˵
Ҷһ㶣漴Ц˵ɰϱǸܲãֻǸССҺһܲһȥ£𣿡
˭˵ڻǱˣ쿪ʼʱҵʱ飬ûҵ֮ǰ㲻ְٻ˵Ůһ¥ˡ
ȵٻķŹϣҶһֻĦ°ͣ˼״Ȼٻ鲻ḻһǴӶԷ˫ˮжȡһЩϢ
Ƕݲ˻ԼȻ̫ˣһɰģܴ㣬ҽôߣѹֻ⵽ˡҶﲢݻᱩ¶
ִ񣬼Ŀ˲඼ѾˡУӦûм˻ʶԼ
ٻûô࣬ҶŪ֮⣬блһҶģ˵װܶࡣ
Ҷص䣬ȼһ̣εûг飬ǹ˵ҹΨһһǡǰܶ飬ͺʶǵһ˴
ֻû뵽Ǵεȴôһ޷ܵĽ֡Ϊû֪ͻȻ˳Ӷ磬ԭ򵽵ʲô
ӶĴôʧҲ㹻ǸȦһˡԼ⿪ĵطȻһ˿ڣԲ˿ڣ̾ͻ뵽ǹˡ
˭֪Ǹʲôۣų״Ǹص֯ʵ˺λֵܸԼӵûػĻᣬˣԲܹ˶Էһ⣬Ҫúõػš
ҶӱͳһǹǹģǴɱǸ쵰жģǹʧȥ˺ôͬʱҲǹΪ˳
ܿ죬ǹֱ˱ͷ˯˲ʹƽȵĺ˯ˣ˯ٶȼֱ١
ٻСԿ״ţȻҶķ䡣еţô󻹴û飬һҪŪҶݣ˼Ʒ֮⣬벻ĺð취ˡ
ʵ֤һ̵Ůܲãʵڸɲ̽С͵ĻơҶװ˯ŮԼķ˴֮ûܹҵκõϢ
ҶǸɸְС㣬ôôͲ֪һ£˽ǹеٿǻڵľǸɱ˷ʲô
溮ٻѰ˼ԼʲôݱȽϺʣʱٻȴͻȻתڴϵ
Ҷ۾ûκѵļ󣬺Ҳһֱƽȣúٻĵ΢˵㣬ǲǵȥѣ
ҶǴTţп˯ģԵٻ׼Ҷţпڴʱ䲻ıһֻץ˸š
ţҪ͸˵粻ôͨˣ͵Ϯǲе㡭
ٻû뵽ҶͻȻ˵ץסԼ󣬶ʱһС
ϧһҶѾһѹ¡һЦҶûʼȱа
Ҷſٻ˪ĿƺֻҪҶԼôͻԥط
Ҷܺãܵǰ̫˷ѡѸٵͷ˼ԲٻΪҪǿԼʶı۾
ϵȴҶָһĺ촽ЦŽ
û¾ͱ˵ķ䣬ȻرҪġɲÿ˶ôõĶ˵𣿡Ҷ
ٻͷС¹֪ԼղôˣΪҶҪԼʱľȻǺ£ǽźͲڴʲôڴ쵰ᱡԼ
뵽ٻ˶ˣĿҶżɽ˵㵽ʲôˣ֣ҽصӣҲΪǸ
ҶЦЦŮ˻㱿֪ҪˡȻϣֻһε˵ãҾһĶҵұô棬ΪǿˣҪҪ¹˽ҵĹȥ
ٻĬԱʾҶĺ
ɵˣ顣硭
Ҷ˵꣬ٻѾķ˳ȥŹϵһɲǣҶϵЦݲˣüͷߣСһ϶濴һۡ
ʲôû֪Ҷڴ£İȻ˯ˡ
ҹһλڰɽı棬鷿̸һ˵һǳǳİ̺ۣһֱ쵽Ƥ̺пԿʱֻҪٶôһ㣬۱᲻һСһˡ
磬ûʱˣǲ̲ٻţ⽫Ϊڽзչ谭˵
ĵȴŵĶϵĸ߽űĺɫѾɢŴľ㡣
ǳһڲŵԳǱʧ𣿡
ˣָϣȴܺٻ˳²ƬǳѾͷв˭֪߾Ȼһˣƻ˺£һԳɺٻǩԼο²ָԳˡ˱Թ
ʱȴ˵żʲôк˵ǺҶүǳԵĺܣԼһ¡
˵õʾͻȻ¶һĨ˷ܵı飬ĳͷת˳ȥ
翴۸߽űĺɫҺ壬һ뱭ѾճڣɫҺ֣ȴֽ˲ת¥ȥˡ
˿̵ĺٻͲ֪ΣѾǱߣ˿̣ڷŸεĻʧ
һŮҪһ˾ףֻкٻԼ֪ΪסĸΨһĶ˶ٴۡ
һֱֺ֧ڴĴֿ磬˵ǸܴĴнҶ֮ͣŪңûʱȥˣ֧Ųȥˡ
ҶһҲûţٻüͷԼ̸ʱʮ㣬ҶٲҪٵˡ
ƸᣬԼ鶼ҪٵⲻƣҲҵ˶ʧȥģǸʱˡ⣬˭Һ
˰ҲӦ𣬺ٻֻдţϿһ˵ʱһ㶡ϵɶһıӣЩ졣
Ҷﲻ˾ԵúǷϣ˵ĸоӦûʲôԵС
ֻⷿʰú룬⵹úٻҶôһĹۣҲ˲еô⡣
ߵԺʱÿܲҶŹֱĺһ˶㣬ˮʪˡߵٻǰҡҡͷ˦䲻ٺ顣


022 
֪ΪʲôٻȻ٣Ҷûа㸡ӣһֳ˲е
ҶòϵëϵĺˮаһЦôģǲǴĵˣ
ӵʱ䣬̴ĳ˽Ҫʲôٻޱôһ䣬ɷ羰
ҶͷԼģͦİǴűģǽʵļӦҲڸǲסɡ
Ƶֹһ䣬ڵŮ۹ĶˣȻһۣġ
ٻЩ΢΢鴤һ£ɴšˣҪҶƽϣᱻѪġ
ʵ֤Ҷһǳʱˣ˵ӣȻһˡٻ±Щ⡣ʵҲôһ˵û뵽ˡ
ҶʵҲϴ˸裬һϵһκٻ·ʱȫǸǴһ˿۾ôһᾫӢӡ
ٻŹ˧ҶͻȻò̫˳ֱۣӻص䣬ܿһ޿۾Ҹģƽ⣬ϡ
Ҷһ㶣ǹԹˣֻŮ˸ͻȻҪ۾۾
ԿױеʱҶһ㶣ٻ˵ҵ˾𣿡
Բۣ˵Ů˵İ˭ģҶﲻνĴ壬ԸǿƵر˺ȥеˮ־ʹȥˡ
ɲϲôٻָţһʲôǡ˵һɷ򡱵ġ
ںٻķԸ£ֱӳŻǴƵȥΪһŮǿˣƿǱȺٻСѾͷҪܡ
ǩԼҪȥĵطҲֺǼĵطͻݡ
㣬κĺٻȻѡΪص㣬Ϊľ޿ޣĺԼǩܹ˳С
ҶںٻߣǸСơŮˣеԲ֮ͥ£ܲҲôӦɣ
Ҷ䣬ôᱻռˣǾõ
ǲŸո߽䣬Ϳһվڹ̨ǰ͹̨С㷢ִ
ҶԿԸоٻһô˵ӦʶǸ˵ġӱӰһΪǫǫӣֲֻĵĿʵ˶ӡۿۡ
ٻƺҪܿˣҶĬ뿪ƫƫʱƵ꾭ˣ̨ǰӺ͸߽ĺٻʱ΢ЦŹЭ
٣ǱǸԤԼʱ䣬һλVIPҪԡ
ҳʱ䣬ǾͿȡҶİѵVIPˣ˵ǾƵ˫ر׼൱ã챾Լֵܹ磬ʱ˵飬Ծˡ
û뵽õϢȴİ䱻ռˣ˭úϼŵĶүȻһΪϼŵռ̳ˣⲻûлᡣ
ǳֱǸ˵٣ܿһʹʱҪˣ硭
У㵱һ𣬾ȻôңҾҪԭǸ䣬̸ЭˣԺ˭
ʱºߵ˺ٻǰһΪѵ˵ܣ㿴Ρ
ٻû뵽ԼʱŵİȻǺ֮ǰģôһҪ㿪˶ˡ⵽ʲô̲סüͷϧѾ
ǰһ߹˵ӴⲻСٻɣҲԷ𣿡
ٻһĿһۣ漴Ծ˵֮ǰûʵ˶ˣҵĿϾҪˣøһİţȻҵ⣬㵣𡣡
˪˾Щ飬ΪˡԸãٻֲԸЭôȥֻоƵ굹ù
Ҷվһ߿ϷȻܲϲںٻĿ⣬ȴܺ棬ʲôԵġɺϡ
һҲʲôҶղһһֱ۲žһһľ͸һЩ˿棬Ȼڲı
ֻʱ˵ӺٻıƺҲϣ졣Ҳ뿴Ľʲô
е˵û뵽Ҷͬһ˾Ȼ㣡ô˵ΪˣҺͺˣһ䣬һⶼûС
˭˵ģٻһĮĿ򺫸䣺ûֻҪʮǰҶû⡣
ǸܣĿ˱Ƚ϶࣬ûпеİˡʮź˵
ٻüͷšκƵĽ̸Ҫֱӹϵٻŵ⣬治֪ճ
ȻЩ񣬵ǶԺ˵٣ҽм£ãһԵл
Ҫôһ޳֮ͽЭٻǧԸ⡣ڽеȦ˭֪ǸĻӡ˵ҲԺòȥ
Լǵ˼ڴѧʱѾ֪ˡٻ֮ܲΪ˱ȴû뵽
⻰ʱϵһĨ΢ЦСٻ⻰˵ļˣǶͬѧôҲúúþ۾ۣôŸߣǲе̫ˡ
СٻһɳأԺܷص㡣ںϺٻļʱһֱĬҶڿҶˡ
һֻס˶Է󣬺ֻоֽһ飬˶Ҫ̱ȥ
ʱҶȴſһֲֻҺۼķ˺ٻ֫ϡ
ܵĴΪٻʱƫͷһۡϧҶ⣬Цĺܲãһֻ͵ȵè
ŷӦԼ˽ѵˡڴ֮ͥ¶ˣɫĶԺǸҶʾߡ
ʲôˣȻҶҶ֣쵰ôĲͷǰɣ
вҶһֻͶ䣬ɢʵ쵰˵˭ζˣ
ô쵰˵㡣ʶĽ˻硣
ţȷʵǻ쵰˵ҡҶʼ磬ص
ΧЦһ̺ٻеסֻǿһԼЦ⡣
ûôϷˣʱͺŭʵô˭
Ŷ˵𣿿ȿȣˡҶһı˵Ǻܵ汣ڡΪ˱İȫɫ빷šҶ˵Դǣ󣬵ã֪࣬ʱ⻰ж١
ϸ룬Ҳ֪Ҷָɣ˵ɫǾǹǳױˣǰҪ֡
ʱҶ﷢ֵһԿףԷĳ˵ģҺۼͻȻһȥԿ׾һֱӱQ˺Ŵ͡
һʹ֮󣬺ͶʼѪ㲻״ͻ˺üݡ
ô˧һˣȻΪ˲ݣ׻ģġϧѪӱжˡ
ԱþһӵļҳǺƺֲݣǼҳָűҵĺ˵ûУҪٿޣǸ͸ùˡ
С˳ָķȥǸ˥ʱŵ˿
Ҷ￴ǸЦû뵽⺫еôСˡ
ܵôĥȻɫáסͺ˵쵰ҵţһҪúýѵһ֪ߵغļһ
ˣղŵѪȳ棬ȴûдЩ˵ȫȥ


023 ǩԼ粨
ʱƶһ߽˻ǴƵ꣬ٻΪӰ˽ĺԼ̸Ծʹ˸ɫ
Ȼ֪ôôҸæȥˡھĴ£֮ǰԤԼõİ䡣
һ˿װ磬еׯ࣬һҲڸǲò
۴װҶ˸ʲôӳ˵ҵӢҲΪƲһϲòж˵ķǳ֮Ҳû˵ʲô
ٻ˵ܣεٻķǳǸѾΪԸ⾡ȡ
ˣҲ˵ôģҼȻ̸֪ͨԼѾͬλҺܺ棬ڻٻŵıӳ
Ҷܻ˵ĸʱΪܵʱˡ
ʱ顣ҡͷ̾Ϣٻ˵̫ϧ˲ˣҶȻܵλ
̧úٻһ㶣ʶĿҶһöŲ豭Ȳ裬Ц߷Ũûһ˵˼
˵ʲôܹһϽŮ˶˸ߵۣ
ƵҪ̸ԼԷٻ̽õĺԼݸʱҶȴͻȻվ˵
λŮʿ̸ȳȥ̡Ҷҡһ´ȥˡ
ٻƶ뿪󣬲ջߡҶɲ֪ôŮע͵ǡ
ٻҶǵƿǿϧôһ˲ŲΪ
ҶﳯϴּķȥڹսǵĵطͻȻһټ
Ƶ꾭׼ϢϢֲŸշŰ֣ͱһ΢ЦҶץס
ǡƵ꾭һӾϳҶ
ҶԾƵķмط̫ǽȥúģ԰ɡ
Ҷ˵ԹԵĴţ˽ȥɫѿĸ˽ȥˣǰ칫ĵط㲻
ϧҶʱѾ˰칫ϣһе˵ôţֻҪ֪ûпеİ䣬˷Ըôģ
һ⻰̱ɫԼ飬˵ʲôVIP䱾ͺ٣ʱҲˣѵһͲ
Ҷ΢΢һЦһѾ󣬲֪ʱһˮʱֻҪ΢һܹϾĺ
ôҲû뵽飬ʱŵȷ˵֪ϰ˭ҪǵҶôҲûġ
ģνϵĽָô£ӦòŸս鲻ðɣ֪ûкӡ˵Ļôһزסѣһ֮ͻȥұˡҪкǾ͸ˣùܱ˽аְ֡
Щ˵þɫѿ˵˵˵Ӻܰҡ
ôҺһˣŮ˵ܲˡ㻰ҪôͺúõĻţסлͱ˸Ҫôͻ۲Ϊ
ҶĻʵڹǷ⣬ϧĶ֣ЩĪеĻŪҡ
˵ɣ˭ƭˣͼ¶˵ģ
ʵڲô¾͹ԹԽһУǷôġ
Ҷһ㶣ûѵǽеʲôͷʺٻ
ɿ˾ֽˮڿз˼£˲˹еһƻϡ־׼ķɵþ״˱ͷ
˾ǲõģ治ðΣлźӸļޡ
ҶصʱںԼǩ֡Ҳ˵ٻĵѾˡ
ȻǳԷˣڳԵһͱһ绰ˡߵʱҶʢԼ
˵ĻʲôʱЧǵϵҡ
ȵ뿪֮󣬺ٻſҶҲʣֻôš
ҶһЦãôҰһΪ㿴ˣ಻˼
ٻɲ䲻ȵĿҶֱԼйһܸʲô˲ţȥı
⻰ٻ˸һ£һˮŵ˴ӲϲЦĺܵʶҶҵί㣿
Ҷ̶˶µ˵ãô˵ҺòϰߡʵӳͦģҸɢְͰĻ
˵Ӧò۷Ĳ֣㲻ô˵ðɣԼӳҪϣ
ĻͲ˵ˣʵӦúֻҪϱҾǻҲ㽻°
롣ٻùȻܹһ̫ãŸ˼ɫѾˡ
Ҷľܾǲϣ΢Ц£ĵʵã˵𣿡
ٻһ㶣ΪʲôҶͻȻἰɫصĵͷ֮סʲô
ûʲô͸ղųȥ㣬̸ۣԺʣܴǲز
ٻƺⲻ̫Ȥҡͷ˵ҲǺϵмǺˡ
ҶԵͷȴƺٻĺͷʲô
Ҷûټѯʷ飬ϴιŻ飬֪ʯΪȼǽڵߵģǸֲܹ򲻻ôصĵط
ǵڹ⣬ҲһЩƵ飬˵Ҫһֱǳ⡣
ǷԸٻţǱȻŪٻʲôطǵĲ·Ӱʲôֻ֮дӸԴ𣬲ܹ׸ػˡ
ֻ밲ֵַĵһӳյģڿֵܻûʡģôһ¶ǣУҪֲܡ
˽·˵ΪֵܱȻسŵӹ·棬ںٻʳĸٻܹܲӪȥǿֱӹϵûǮԷûзס޵İ
ҶҲԼԭЩС֪ģû֤ݵƾ²ǲȥҷ鷳һоΨеȷٴ֣´ͻֱץУʱȨͻУҪôԴǶԡ
˴ӻǴƵʱѾһˣٻҶֱӻص˹˾ٻ˵֪ͨ²нˮʱҶ˶ˡ
ãǲ̫ˣҸȥͻôܿҵĹʣÿ¾ôһָŴȢϱǮأôһۣɶʱȢϱ
ҶĸںٻֹţڿߺٻԼĲϧǺٻûȥ˵ҶٻֻӳȷǴСá
ﲻãı·ҲʧΪһ¡ƶ֪ҶԲͬô򵥡
ԼҶҲµ뷨Ϊ󣬴Ӧ鲻պҲûֵܡ
ѾȥˣҽԺЩԱǵļȴҪٻʱ򻹵ϵƳһİװƣʱڸƳܹʱٻŵҲʧȥ
ӳһвûʱǾһѵļǰ淢˯ڹ˾йһ¡


024 ˧û취
Ҷ￴żȺʱͻȻֱ壬жŵĲ豭СĵڵءôΪֻ֤һ㣬Ҫǿǿȹµˡ
ôһҿˡҶ뵽Ѽʮȫ۲һ飬ûٷ˵ټ
ҲѾһ亹ʱͻȻһˣҲǹڽţʶץסԷֱһнƷ
ӴһŮ˵ʹ˲Ҷ˹
ŷ֣ԼȻǰ̨Сѹ˲輸ϣֻҪ΢һԷֱ۾͵۶ϡ
ǸСһΪǻءҶŹ˷ſ
Сվֱ壬һʹļһ˵Ҷ磬ǲİɣôߣҸղŻΪֱ۵öˡ
ܰҾϲ֡ˣ£Ҷæ⡣
СԼʲôһܵſڣʱϷһºУҺøǵĽȻɾͳԲˡ
ƣȷûʲô⣬˿Ҷ磬صظı㵱һϵѼӣζء
⻰ҶﵹǾöеˣϸ룬źٻȥǴƵ꣬ѹûʲô
ͺóԵģҶȻܾѼõȷܹζҶԵ൱ģԱߵСЦеĶŪЩ˼
ҪҪҲһ飿
С˵ãȥǰ̨æһźĿҶеѼ⣬漴߿ˡ
ҶʳܶһҵֱˡҶͷҲû̧˵С벻ôã´Ρ
ȻóԵĸ㡣ٻһǴҶǲǲӦ˭֪һӹ
һǺٻҶһæѿеѼ¶ȥվЦ˵˧û취Сĳã綼ûԣԸҴ˳Եġ
һʲôʱ򶼲Լ𣬺ٻúƽϣ˵Ҫȥ㷽𣿡
ܲãҪ˼Ǹð㳵ʲôģһٸԸ⡣Ҷʱ¶Цݣĺٻһü
Լܸһ֣ٻϵֱʱˡ̧ͷҶﻹǹбЩǴƵôˣһڲԣȴһС͵Եô㡣
ǸС˼ԣ㡣
Ҷﻹҵ˼Ѽ⣬Ѹٵĸ˳ȥھ̨ʱΪ˸мСҶ˶ԷһĨõ΢Ц
Сһ죬ҲǻһЦݡⶡñٻ˸š
ǸС̨òȻȥƢúáԷȷǸĸ͵ŮˣʺȢš
һ뵽ҶڿԼţȴͱŮ˴ĻȣĪľò
Ҷȴǲ֪ٻ뷨ֻʵҪȥ
ȶ߳ãӭͼһ̫ˡſ֣ˣһ֪㲻ǴҲʲôˡ
Ҫ˵𣿲ˣƺе㲻
ٻվһߣҪ⡭һֱϲٻȻܵ˺Ȱվһߣ˰Ҷѵܹںٻǰѳˡ
Ҷһǰס˺˫֣һ˵Ӵҵ˭ˣԭǺٰѼôҪҪҸطú̸̸
ʹһǿúʹüʹ˵֡
ѽǶʶˣһԵö裬ȥҵİ칫Σһкܶ໰Ҫ˵ء
Ҷ˿϶ֿЦݣ˾Բ²ͺʵֻһ棬ҹ̾ԳƲѺá
ٻһ΢΢üҶﲻҪ˷ϻģǿҶһֱԼգ۾˽˼Ҳ֪ôˣȻһԣȨû
ʹҪϧѲˡҶܱʱС˵Ҫҵ鷳һͲŤϸ첲ôˡ֮ǲˡ
װĶʱΪҶһŪˣڲſֶҳš֪ҶԲںЦԾѾ޲ýһڽŵŰǧٱ飬Ҳֻ
˸Ҷ˼ңٻĿźһȻҲ磬ʾʮֵĲݡ
ϴε㻹ûõѵڴҹ˾㵽ʲô
ȴ΢΢һЦϧЦûڿ棬һЦݾͱе㻬Ͷˡ
ٻϴεҿɲ㣬һôֵ飬ǲֻԺôڽ㡣
˵׾ΪֻӣúϼŵĶүƽڽߵȴһСˣҪ˵ȥΪ˵Ц
ٻҶȻǺܵģһĶˣǲܹԸˡ
ҶﳯһЦȻû˵ɺٻȴ֪Ҫʲô˼аһ޳ܣת߳˷䡣
ҶʾҪһŮԼôŮȴһ仰˵ˡᰡᣬûš
ûŮû˵ʲôǸһţˡ˺ǻʲô
⻰Ҷźһͬ˵Ǹӣ˵ʵֱ治ҧˡ
˵꣬ѾҶﶯˡϢҲͰƴĵطĸվѾռռˣڶ̾е׽
ҶûŲض˵ֻĶ֡˫ֱ˵ǰԣԿǰһȱ첲ȵʱǧҪָ̫أ˭ô֪š
ҳȭҶкȥǳȭٶȺҶＸѾ֪ǵ
˾Ǵȭģȭְҵڹ⻹ǻĹǶһ˾ռߵְҵֻЩ˺һȭݵеΪǮƿԲֶΡ
ֻҪǴȭģϻᱳżҪɱʴһ㣬ֻ˴УÿζҪ
Ҷ̧ųһ˵ĶϾһȥ飬ɱţʱԼ̫ۣҸֳɵ֡
˱Ҷһл׼սʱҶѾٶһ׼Ϸĺߡ
ȺӦҶѾһѽ׼ٶȹˡ
ȭȻǿĺˣ黹ûоʹ˽ҶｫɸľżˣҪȭͳȭҪȾȡԼź޷֮ĺֻĺ޻֮
ҲǾսˣֲκαˣҶѹǵйȥĻ飬ҲԱվ뿪
˵Ķ־һܵӰ죬ȻǲȫԸˡҶʱһ߳һԲʣӼŰֱӾײһ˵ȡ
һҺǸ˵ڵأѾȫܶСǶˡ
һ˼״ֻǮƣ׼ѵҶһپչͬˣô֣
ԷͷĳҶ﹥ϧطʵ̫СǼһĿͷ̫Ҷ˸Ȧӣһ۾û·£ֱײ˵ڵصͬ飬˵һš


025 ˣǼ
ʱҶ΢΢һЦѾɵĺ˵٣ʵ˰ر𽲵ֻҪܹƽദҪֶŵģ˵ǰɣ
һĳԼϻƵЦݣһ֪ʲôαƣϻļһαеļƷ
һ¿ˮ˲ҪЭˣԺ͸ӲҶǰ̧ͷˡ
һ䱸ĺ˼˵ҡҾ㣬ΪǾͿˣһиû
Ŷ´һӭңòҪٻţ´һ
ҶµҪĵط£ʱҲ֪ǲǱɵˣ˫סһ䱸ı顣
ɵȱӣҶЦҲûӵˣȻӵǱ̨ʣǻСආҸ߸˵뿪ٻš
׼ߣҶȴٶȾһ䣬ˣǸ߸˵뿪һûһ½
ٻűϾǾ̵ĵط﷢ʲô¼ĻºܿͻЩĹжӣٻѾ˺ܶ⣬鷳ų֣ǻӰ쵽ŵӪ
ҶѾµĳЩ˿ҪľҪôٻſ̨Ҫôúٻܲõλ
黹ǣ浽ɵĻΪٻԸκĽܼ̿򵥣һĳֹģ㲻мЩΪ飬ҪȥȴǵҪ沨
ʵҶְҵǿĸ㡣ٻܹסҵȷǲף;̷˵ǸϸˣԭǺܲϧע˻ڶթ̽롣
ıв֮£󺺺ͻĺүһЦ뿪ٻš
Ҽǵı飬Ǳ۸ˣЩǱĹжӣǺۼĻ档ڶֽͿʼǣϼŶүǸŰϢ
˭˻һ΢Цģֻܹ֤ãΪŻ˷
ٻűֽʱҶ棬ҧеƻǳͺƻζĶһ
ٻûֻǰѱֽŵ輸ϣŶơҶ״һν˵ûκɱһ´ڡãұңʽҵҶ岻ݴѡ
Ȼޱ飬ͷˣҶһҪܹ΢ͺˣʱ治ľġ
˵ҶûȤЦЦʱô棬˻űͺۣЦģʵ˷ôõò
ҶĲңʵܲҲǲܣӦ֪ҪûκγɼҲսٻʵҲ濼⡣
ʱֻͻȻʾüͷ΢һԱȥӵ绰ˡ
ٻٻпհɣûգҲøҰʱڳб֮ǲܹٵġͷһл
һֱޱĺٻ۾¶Ц⣬Ҫµֲǲ֪ȥ
ͷŮһЩι˵۲˼Ҿ֪ķصġˣȹˡ
ͷ˵͹Ҷ˵绰ٻƺϵȷûʲôĿɴȥһ¡
ʱҶðƻԵƫͷٻڶԼƣվ˵ðôǲ֪ĺˣûϵʱΪ׼š
ȥٻ߳˰칫ҡ
Ҷһ޹գգ۾ʱöǽĲԼĵӰ˸Ūˣ˧ԱӵϷŮҪҲô͹ԸĲƽء
ٻ鹵ͨһ£Ҷʱ򣬾Ҫһ˾
ҶﲻҪȥʲôطѵɲã㿪⣬ʲôꡣ粻ǸˣǧǮƴҡ
һǴŻҪռͷˣҲˣҶ˻ûŵģΪ̫޳ܣ˸ϳȥˡ
°֮󣬺ٻҶ˾ȻԣƽǱϷˣθøѵǰ뿴Էڿʲô
Ҷľģõ˿ţȵʱѾݶԷĽŲжϳ˭ˡ
ںٻߵ֮ǰ˲صԭڿĶȻִһЩ
ٻĻЩ̵Ůͼʱһ̣䶼ΪҶҲϷʲôģڲ֪˳Ϸһá
Ҷ̾ĵѪţҶ̲ס뷸ˡţĿð
ҶٻȥˣȻûһǺö
УҶװܵһ㣬ϵڵءæҵվãſٻ
֪΢΢һЦԭǺðôʲôģôܱȵ⡭
һȻ޳ܵձȻŲ֪Ļȣٻϵĺ˪쵽ˣҶһ߳ȥ
ҲûùҪȥصԣΪһƻŮЩĿͬƬǲܹˡ
λþӵ£ٻҪȥصĻƱصúҶ￿ĺܽ
ʱҲǸᣬҶϣת˵ٻȴƫʱȥΪҶתʹײһ£ֱһĲȣ˵Ҷϡ
ʱתβܿƵĳȥȻװһͣĺٻѾڵءæ֮䣬ðҶĴϣһžµСǡ̧𣬶Ҷķ
ʱҶҲû뵽һŮԼǰֻԼϣǺεȵĴ̼һʱ䶼ѪӿֱܿӵķӦ
ٻӴл񣬷Ҷı仯ʱ׼վʱҶҲΣæŲٴαתθϷˣˡ
ӵĻȻҶҪٻʱٶȳԱ߻ȥҶҲѣֱ˵˺ٻϡǽһɣ˺ٻա
ٻʱץˣҪȥظ䣬ôġ
Ҷġָֻܷܰ⣬˹ˣıֶΣȻôôɵ顣
Ҷһ޹˵ԩãղͻȻ˹ȻˤģǺҪ㣬㻹һˮ˵𣿡
˼ָŮ޶ĵĿȣڻ¶˵Ĺȥ
ٻһҪҶԼƿҶһֻԱӵĵ£ÿҲȰѽųⲻ۲Ź֡
һҪħƣһǾȰѽóڶĦ֮䣬ٻ·ŪͰ͵ġҶĽڴӵˣȴΪŵ̬ܺܿ뿪ٻϡ
ʱҲǸĶҶ˫֧׼վɶ˴˿̵ӼôŶҶҪµĺٻôӡ
ٻͷȥߵı鶼ҶñģòҪûϢѪɡÿС


026 ֵŮ
ҶＱ׼ٻȴʱ۾붯ֿ֮ʣͻȻſڴһ죬Ȼ˴˽Ҷһʱſ˻ȥ

˼ôܸҶһЩѵʱͻȻһˣҶµС
Сӿչ죬ֿӳԵȫƵĻ棬ʱԲǰľ顣ɫһٱ䣬˵Բ𣬴ˣھͳȥǼ
ٻʲôʱҶȴѾ֪СԴ뷨Ҳȥͣںٻع֮ǰ뿪
Ҷֱźٻȥ˳⣬˺ٻĳ
ٻ׼GPS趨λãҶֱӿĿĵؾͺáϧҶڿһ̹֮ص˵
ιϵ·𣿡ǺٻҶŸմӹزģ滳֪·ߡ
İϱϹҪС¶첻ãǶϱ档Ҷʱ򻹲ռˡ
һһϱҽУٻȻԼϰˡⲻǸϰߣǵúúõĸҶ﹵ͨһ£ʲô˾ķֱ
ҶĴỵ̂ǶνƯٻһ߿Ķе̾
ǰ
һʣҶȻһЦϱ۹涾㿴˰ʵû
һȦ֪ԼˣٻɴȥˡʱҶȴǹһЦǵĳӺܿ˽һɽ·
ɫѾװǵҶ￴Զƻͨʱȴ֪Ҫʲôˡ
תͷһºٻɵɫ񰡣ɽ˵ȥKĵʲôţ쭳ʵڲԸŮ˻顣
ٻܵĴʱڣõ˵úÿ𣿡
ѻ졣Ҷһۺٻ˵
ٻʮ仰оžںģҪҶ⻰ǻȥĸԻߵ㡣
ҶĿٶȲǺܿ죬չ˵ߵĺٻŮʵеγֻƽεĺܺÿ
ٻ־Ϊ˼ҵԿ˷һѣܶ¶ҪܣҲΪ
ǸϵֳʱѾǿҪʼˣһȺŵСǾеΪ
ҶŽͦȣиŮĴ򿪳ʱԷ߶ʮһӵ
ԴϵĴУҶǸ̫ˡ
ٻٻôšŮ˵һ룬Ϳ˴Ӹʻ³ĺٻ
ⲻǺٻ˭æɿ֣ԼȻһˣղŻôǲҪˡ
ҶſǰðʧŮĺƯһͷŵĴ˾ϻŵױ֮ԾܺÿǾٸ˵оˡ
ٻվһߣЦ⣬һŵȣԽԽĿˡ
ȵŮһ⻰ʱҶԶƹٻߣѸٽ뻳УǶĥӣҶͻȻֲõĻ档
ǿϱռ˱ȥȻŮҲǲġ
ٻٻҺ㡣ղƯˡǱߴ飬Ҷġʡ
ǰȥǷ˿ٻ󡣡λС㣬ʵ˿鷳ҵ·ǩɡ
ֳߵӣһ㶣漴˵˵û뵽㻹ҷ˿ǩС˼
˵žʹӿڴͳں죬촽£漴Ҷ˸ۣϻ˸ǩ
ҶЦǸհ˰ͲżˡΪ׷ϱϷݵĹ氡
ȣ쿪ʼˣ㻹ĥʲôǴ˰ɡʵҲУֻҪ㵱ԺhģԺԲܴҽͷŹ㣬ڴǰ󡣡
ȵɫӸ˱úм˵бԼαҸҾˣҲܹԹŮ
ȣ˵ʲôhȻ
˵е㽣ţûʼŮ˾ݵȸһˡ
ٻ¶һĨģҶÿһĻδϱգѣҲΪһδ顣
ҪðʧŮ΢Цߣһ§ס
ȽϴʮֻǼۺɫĶTͬɫϵСȿ㡣һȦ¶棬ǻ
Ҷָպ÷࣬µļ֪ŮӻǸĺ֡
㡭ȻûϵҶȻôĿŵռˡ
ٻıҲãžҶǸڻĲļһô͵汧Լĺѡ
ʱҶȴ΢ЦŶh˵С㣬ʵóĲĴһļһΣа绯
⻰˼֮ܵһﻹ뱧ԼʱЦĿҪˡ
hûУ˵ҿ㻹ǿؼȥŻ˺С
ʱhıúѿԵΪĪܵǣȻҪ˵
б¾ͱˣֵ¼¡ʱҲˣǱȻǲȡ
ȣΪʲôȣҪ˹̵ֶ֪Ǵ˷ܼһ֪ôд
ҶСʵС㣬ǹǹؽڴλûȫȷҪǿкǱ
һ㶣е㾪ȵĿҶʱhѾаȥˡ
ٻ߹ʵȣҼǵǰʱֲ˵ģôҪ
תͷʵٻٻˣô֪˵飿
һ䡰ˡҶ޺ãŮô˵ķϣһȫ̱ȫ
ٻһ죬˵ҸѣʱչңסҼҡ
סңûɣйŮһңŶҾҽһǳҩˣȻôֱըԵϢ
ʱԶѾȻǴߴȶ㡣ٻͣɿҲȲˡ
ת׼ȥʱҶ˵Ů˳糵ɡ
Ǻٻˣ߱ҸǸԸõŮˣ˵´ż˵ѡ
ҶﵹǺϲˬŮˣϾԲˮҰҺޣҪǺŮҵİ飬ζһҵİ׾Ʋ١
ǸҽһҪʹһֹܰʹҶ˹˵
ʱٻ׷⻰㶣ȣǲǻûã
˵ˣͱˣȻҾʱһãһ±˻㡣ȴǵĺٻҪȰɴѹҶ׼뿪
ʱٻе㼱ˣˡ
úãȱ㲻˵ҲҪ׷ʷЦĴĽͣҶߡ
Ҷͷ˺ٻһOKƣʾڣǾԲµġ
ٵģҲʲôΪ΢γȵĳǵһ¾ͻڳµһͿҲֻҶѡ
Ӻܿλˣһźǹ֮󣬳ͬɳȥӵһ㣬Ѹٵ˳ȥ
Ҷڸʻеͳ̣ʵŮһɡ
ǸŮˣһ״̬˷ܵĲˣﻹҶҪڱ裬Ҳ࿴һ۵ġ



027 ߳
ôʱ򣬷һת̾˳Ĺ׼Ưƣ׷Ѿǰhĳ
˱ٶ֮⣬Ҫľǳһǿ˭տܹƾ賵ֲ·ϲܿ쳵һ׶ˡΣյɽ·һ㶼ϲĵطΣգҲֳܹһ˵ĳ
Ҷһյĳһ߿ǱˣؼҪ˵һֵ飬впܳһ㶼ҷá
Ҳ⣬ȣ֪ŮԽΣյĵطԽ侲пִҶ̳顣
һ̲֮סôʲộôôǺ
Ҷǳ˵С㣬ȥĺֵܣΨһҵỊ̇һֱûó飬⡭
һȾͰ̻˵Ķ֪ҲҶȴЦЦû
Ǻϵģһƫһζʮ̣ʱҲûʲôԾ˳ĵʱڡ
Ȼ˵̲ص㣬ֻҪƷζһֵϲζʲôˡ
ڼרҵǶȵĺܲǰǳӵҡҲǷǳǾС
ˣһЩرĳϣ޷޹˼ɵʩչעⳡҪˡ
Ϊʲô֪Ҫ䣬ҪҶͻȻԸֵŮһ˿档
һսųΪȾֶֻˣֻҪն̣ⷽ¡
ʵh̫šҲϧǰʱС֮hطʹȨôܹ״Ӧ
кܶķ˿һһЩǺ֮㣬ûطΪϰأЩһֱ֧ĺǸжʧ
ȾԲΪԼΪѵضǱǷǳģȾ֪Ӯ治ҲҪһ
ҶЩǰ˿ǳ֮꣬ǰΪڹĵطӴڻ⽫ҿȳԽĻᡣ
һҪ׷һľֱ죬ΪȨѾ˶ԷС
Ҷ̣һ㶼ΪǰΣճе¡˵ĳ滹Ķǡ
Ĭһȿʼˣǹ֣ӦҲûɣôڳôѵͲ˻һСİͳӶɽȥ
ʵҶ֪ûһǰ˵Ĳһ㳬ĻᣬѾʼЩˡҶȴһððʧʧŮˡ
ôһø磬һµĻҾͿǰ㳬ԽǣȨصС
һ⻰̲סЦˣø磬ҶСܵܡô۳װĺ𣿡
Ů˲мһ˵ӣҶʾԼί滵ô˵˼ң˼һĵġ
ίӣȹЦΪҶһ֣ͱú
ʵǺϾ취Ļα䶨ˡ
Ҷ￴óǲġ¶Ҳµģ˭Ů˵ԸҶͣǾһѡ
ʱֻ磬мְӮñ
һҶĻ˵ĺ棬ûа㿪Ц˼ƫͷһ£Ҳ֪룬β΢΢һЦ
˵ٷְ٣ٷ֮ʮŻǸұ֤ġܰҵκ𣿡ǲҶֻ̫ҪˣͲ顣
Ҷ΢΢һЦңȻһ漣ҪǲţǾ͵ʲôҲû˵
Цˣȵ˵ⳡҲ䣬ԾִֻӴ˷ҲһҪӮ
ҶͷѾ˼롣ȻûӦ֮ǰѸ˺ü롣
ȶʱĿɿڴҶȴɢɢһ䣬С㣬ٲ·ǾҪȥүǱ߱ˡ
ôһ仰γѣԼܹʱԵøӾȡѾ˲ȥѯҶﵽôģûˣʲôɹ˼ġ
ӿʼڵ·绬ΪֵָװĳӣҲܹĲٿж硣
hһֱβںõĺܡڿ˵ᣬζæǳǾ벻Ǹְҵ֡䶨ˡ
ҲǹһЦhŮǮɵæμһαõıɲ͡е붼ƣ쵽ݵͣû̵ǮԺôܺù
ῴĳӲһеĴ㳬ʱҲǶŮ˵ġΪǮԲöַԼ
ȵĳβ浽ʱ򣬹һβȵĳӴӵ·ϼϡ
hʱУʲôֻӮñûֳ
ȴ˵ҪӮñôףǸȵļ֮ǰηηΪϵˣ㿴ûУлһеĴˡ
hһ£ֵȷˣƺƴҪӮϧһЩΣյĶ
һߣҶץס֣ʵûһ浣᲻СŪ˳ʱҸ˭˵¶
ôˣһΪĵӺܴԭҲ˶ѡ
ҶȴǿЦðɣ㣬
ҶﲻȵļǰǸĹɣһЩֶҪȱϾ·Ĵ㡣
ȻԷʣҲֻòˡ̲ס˵ˣɲģвͻᳵġ
Ҷ΢΢һЦֱֶ̣ҺԶģҪֻ̫ʻеӵΪܹס̣Ȼӿȵϡ
ˡȴС
ϧûãֻоҶﲻ֪ʲôطû飬һķ֮
ʱɲҶռȨ·ڲһ˿϶㵱ȵһǳΣյľٶӵ̥ǽھôյĳˡ
ٶŵصʱ޷ӸղŵӾл񡣸ղĻþȻ˵־ֻд˵еֲܹ顣
ƫͷҶʱѾܵİѼʻȨ»ȡ·ղһжĻþ뿪ڣȴоں˵
hȵĳӾȻԽǰ棬ʱżĴߴ٣ᣬ㰡ô


028 ֻвӰ
ҲǴлŵ˵ȾԲļ˵ϻи֣ˡ
ʲô˼ѵ䶨ˣhɲϲ𰸣λؽΪҪȳܵģʧܣԺʲô档
˵һһ룬˭֪ᷢʲôҵġ
ֶĳƲϾӣΪȵĳ𣬲ϧں׷βһƱؾͻǰ濪˵š
·̣ǼһôҪȻʹֱֶΣ䣬ŶûС
ҶҲǶԺ濪ûʲôӡ˵ҪǼһ㣬౻˵ЦƷĻǾûñϲˡ
ҪҰæĻģҲ˸ݡҶӺӾ˺泵ӵ
ǸʱԽΣվԽܹǱڵҶûԼʲô¶Ҳˣɴ࿿һߴ˯һ¡
ȽҶУȵɲ̫ãҶѾռȻ䣬ûҵĶˡ
һʵǰ£ʱѾµĵض
ȾӮʱ򣬺ͻȻһеĿײȵĳβҵײϻµĹԣһӾʧˡ
ҺѾҪɽ£ҶۼֿĶ̣ڹؼʱ̰ѳӵתͷ׼ԱߵһƬײȥ
֪ͷײˣҶİ£ȶ˵ˣûʲô󰭡
յ˳ǵǿǰһĻˡΪܵײʱȻҲʧˣǵûôãֱӾʹӼ׸ߵĵطˡ
һ˳Ҳû˸Ҵ绰Ͼ˽Լģ˾죬Ҳñȥ졣
ȵЩˣԼƣСܹȥ鿴ǱߵҶȻǸµֻ΢΢һЦû˵ʲôŲ˹ȥ
ٻһֱȺйۿȵĳײʱľȻĪľû°ɣҶأ
˹ʱ򣬲ŷԼˣҶȶúõģֻhаˡ
ĳʱÿӳҲֻǶͷײˣطû¡
hǱߵɾͲ̫ˣĶͷҲˣѾ˹ȥ֪˵ʲô
׼뿪ȴסιôhҪ˾ȣôԼߵ
һ˵ֻǮģֲŮѣƾʲôǻҺֻˣһεıӵʧ˭ȥ⡣
ĲҪˣ˵ĶһҶԤĶһȭߣֱԷɵڵأŰ֡
ʲôҶǲԵġٻ˵
ȴôΪҶõܵܣүǣо͸úݺᣬ´β֪Ůûô۸
תȥhûѣ绰ô¶ִˡ
Ҷʱס֣ȱ𾪶ҿ
Ҷк£׳˺һ𽫳ӷ˹ʱڸʻh֪ǲ̫ʹˣȻ˹
ԼʱʱŵɫҰף֪ηӦˡ
ҶֱεĳŸ˿һľ˵־Ҳδ̫˰ɡ
Ǽһ³ȷŮ˲ûʲôطס̽˴ӳﱧ˳
ڼѾİ취h˸򵥵ļ飬ȷûκ˵ŸҰᶯԷ
ҶڶԷļҪѨλ˼£漴Ѿɵh˵С㣬ϰûʲôˣ°Щ鷳СȹۣȽ״λƵҽԺϸ²ܳԺˡ
⻰˵ԣhȴ֪Լˣͬһޡ
ǱӣԭЩյȣҲȥƽˡ
ôҶɢ֮ҶȺͺٻķԸ£˵h˳ӣȻŮ˱ҽԺ
ιûУһ˶ﰡʱݴ洫һĺǱҶʹŹᡣ
ⳡ쭳粨Ҷǳ׳ΪעĶŮ֪ʱסںٻ˵ڵڶǰͶۡ
˵͹Ӹ飬ʵΪ˽ӽҶǿҶҶﵹ룬ϧûôõһˡ
ڼʶҶĿ֮󣬱϶һ֡ѵһλʦôܾʹ˷ŹÿҶҪڸ߳
ҶʾҺÿ춼Ҫźٻȥϰ࣬Ҫ˵Ůˣܲˡ
ҶϢҴ˯ͻȻ洫ٵҲ֪ǸСС⡣ԴϴΪҶ֮ܲĺ֮Ծŵϰߡ
ҶӦһ䡣
С̿˵Ҷ磬ˣȥܲð칫£ܲȥȥɡ
Ҷһ㶣û뵽ӲŹû찲ģ鷳ˣⲻڰɡûɵ飬׳ˡ
ܲð칫ҵ⣬洫ٻҸ˵ٴˣ֮䲻ܣϼвңҲûõġ
ԭǺСӣʹСǿŽѵû찡
ҶֱŶ룬ʱ򺫸Ҷɫʱúѿ򶨣һϵ˵СٻȥĲңҸףô˵ٻźҺϼŻкС¶ϴӦɡ
ٻڿҶʱҲǷһЩ˵ҲӦǺĴεĶҲҺѽʢ顣
˾ǾܾˣɫܲÿĿҶϣ䳰ȷ˵㺮ٻǸȾҿһͱ˻ļߣҪǺϼţƽ𣿡
ٻɫʱû˸ô˵Ҫ֪Ϊܹ̳ϱԼԭǷ˶ľںһϻȴڮòάֵ
ܲã˵İ칫Ҵһֻ蹷صعأôֻŹвӰأҶһɻʵ
ٻǺģҶ⼸仰ɾͲˣһСƾʲôôŰ裬úҶǹ̫ˡ
Ҷ⣬Ū㡣


029 粻
Ҳһ¿֮죬ζҶŪĻͷﲻˬȻǺҶʵģڵһǴźϼġ
ҶҶһָͷǴҪͺϼΪСô˵ٻźͺϼŵĺˣ鷽棬˵ˣ˴˼ҲһӲˡ
ҶԹһЦһֻ־Ҫļ򣬵ǰ֮ʶľ˼ɲٳҶĿ
Ҷץ˸գϵЦȴûȥԽӵŨ٣ôⰡ׻˵һ죬ⶼǵμˣϤĹϵˡ
㡭˵ʲôɲΪҶҪʹϵ
Ȼһ룬Ҷﾾס½ʹ㶯֡ٻȴʱ򿪿ֹ𣬷ɡûκκô
ҶԵͷںٻĵطһ˺ϣ漴ְ˳ٶ̫캫ȥȷϸղǷĻþ
ºĺ󱳣΢Ц˵үǲ̫ãҪ꣬ҾûСĵ㡣
Ҷ﴿ǺѣȴС֮ģΪҶҪԼΪ˱ⲻҪǣ̻Ĵ뿪ˡ
ٻı鲻ǺܺÿҶ£ʵôˣͻȻȥμӾۻᣬⲻ
ôܲκ˴¶ֵҳȥˡĸʱ򣬺ҵ˻ЩԴӸĸ飬ֲ֪٣⺫˱ҲûôˣȴͻȻʢԼ˵Ǻ磬ûš
Ҷ˵Ȼ֪⣬Ǿ͸ɴ֮ͺˣαѰա
εҲȱϯοϾҪٻźͺϼԼʱˣʱﺫңԹ˾˵һʧʱӰ쵽˾Ӫ鷳
ٻǵҪҶ࣬λı¡ҶֻվڰߵԲЩ¡
ⳡϵ飬̧ͷͷǿԶΪͰȦȫˡ
ҪͬˡҶѾ˴㣬Ȼٻΰ˵ȥԿȻøֵ˻ŲԿ
ϧǣٻȴҡͷܾˣ黹һе֮ǰѾζԺ֣ĸ׺ǸΪ̵ˣ֪ӲҲԲ۸ȥȻΪ㡣
Ҷȴ΢΢һЦҿˣҪ鷳ҲȥͻԲճʱȻ취Ըҡȥƣһݡ
Ը׽֮ǰٻҶӦǲϲԼ鷳ģȴĴεĳְΧϿôĮ
ô˵ǲѾϵκϼŽдٻҲǷ쳣ȷ˵ܹ˵ġκԼֻ֤ĮԼӱ۸
ãģиߣЩСܶͳͳܡҶأ㿪Ц顣
ϧЧ̫ٻĵ̫࣬һЦܹġοֹ˾Ҳһ⡣
ƵʱԤʾıԲɺôˡ
ҶҲоɽֻ˺ȥ鷳鲻ͷǾԲֵġ
°ʱ򣬺ٻҶһص˴ǣʧ˺üȣȻʱ˺ٻıſڡ
ʱٻ鲻ãҲûպгֱ˽ӡ
קסҶѯٻȻƽҲ࣬ΪĹۣȻܹ׵ķϸ΢ı仯
ҶѺԼ˵һ£ƣ˵Ҿ֪⺫ʵ̫ǸǶ˵һԺζģûһմġ
ǰɣҿԺͦİҶﵹеԾˡ
ʵҲϱˣôǺö봦֮졣û뵽ȻôǶ
ȵĺٻȥȰ˵һ£㰡ǧǰẫңٵõ˳˲С
Ҷĵҵᣬ⺫ҺҲûϵ˺СӾĲ֮⣬Ѿ˽ѵǳƽˡ
Ů¥ϴ˺ܾãõҶĶӶˡٻϲӶˣԳ˰ڹ˾ʱŻɨһ֮⣬ϵʱֻԼǶһȡ
ҶǣܲԼ־Ͳ֣ű˸ʳӶǰ󱳵ģȻ¥Ůˡ
ιŮǴҶҶ˵ֱӴ˷š
å
޳ܡ
һ̵Ҷϱкһָӡʱ򣬷Ѿ˦ϡ˱ܼʱԼıӾ͵ˡ
ȻǱ˴һƣղŷĻ棬ǿѪڣϧ˹ۿʱ̫ݣܺúõһ°
ٻе죬ȴҶ̫ò֮ǰŵ
ȣνԸͷǳֱʣҲֻǵʱϡ
ٻٻǲǻڷղҰ۵ʱ򣬾ýˡͻȻʵ
ʵ˼£ͺٻĲ࣬Ů˹£ҶŶþԴʱ
ĸŮʱ򣬻޶ԵģԸղһ
Ҷվ˵λŮ·Ӻ˭ȳһĶӰ
˵꣬žͱˣ˳Ѿ룬Ů˱ʹ¾ôȻܿʹˡҶĿԼɨӣʱЦ
ǹЦҶú󼹱ת׼ʱȶ죬һӾ;סҶĺ졣
קҶԱߵһտͷһ͹˷šҶתԷƣʱȵΪ
˫ֽǰһı飬㣬˼Һܴģǧ˼ҰӲϹҪôҲ˼㡣
ȱҪҶһ˵ԽԽƫǿʼ鴤ͷϲ֪ðߡ
ǰ׼Ҷ죬һȻ˵ðɣȻôҪҵİοҾͳһºˣȵȣ·Լѡ
ۼҶﻹĿʼ¿ӣһõίģڱˡ
ι˭ҪһôʳġҪ̸̸ٻٻ顣
Ҷһ䣬Ц˵˵˰ĸȫ˷ˡ
ʲô鰡
ȻǱǿɶ¡Ҫ֪ҿҲôءҶ½ӿ˻ȥ


030 õİ취
Ҷôһڣȱˣã϶ѹҶһKˡ
ȵ˼ںٻΪûѣԲŵ⺫Ǽһ壬κҪἰĻٻû취ֱӾܾġ
漰ҵϵһЩǱ򣬺ٻֻǸСܹ̳Ѿܲˣܻ̳켣ѾõĺĶ֡
ٻõİ취Ҹ˼װδ򣬶֪΢񱣬һ˸뿿߰벽˵Ƕֶǵľٶˡ
ھһֳ˿ãȻ֪ٻΪʲôҶĿų⣬ζҶʺϵѡ
Ҷ˵Ҫװٻδ򣬶ʱֿ˻һNɪ˵Ů۹⣬͸亮ãǰֶġ
ٳ˵ܹݺɫǸûôúŪ֪˽»ڣԾҪŭƽ
ȵĻҶЩˣŮ˿򵥰ղЩ׼ķǸ˲š
ȼҶһŹֵĿԼԴǵ˵Ľ֮İɣǾԿġ
Ҷʱϵıһ˲ᣬʾԼȫ¿ѽôͱ
ɹԱһЦҪĻ⣬㻹˵㡣
һЦ뿪䣬Ҷĸоˡܵ˴ȻŮƲ
ôСҶÿοȵʱоĪĴһЩҵֻҶԼƲǿûŮζŮˣǾöԷڻ
һҸ֪粻ۣǺǿģ
ϧǣڶʧˣŮӰȥٵģݸҶ׽͸ˡ
ʱҶʵǸʲôģרҵʧٻˡ
Ļٻ򣬰βſڣô飬ѵϲˣұ㣬ˣѾˡ
Ҷһ㶣е⣬û뵽Ҳ˰ܹϲˣƹǺ
ֻе棬ƺӦǸµĸɣܹܳģɲΪԷࡣ
ٻƺʲôһֻ˵˽£ȻǹۣҲЩɣҼȻǽɣǾͲ
ôһ˵Ҷ͸ȵˣŮӦòҪٻȥ˵ʲôġ
ڶ磬ٻҶһ˱ᣬͣʱȴǱҶһ
ڳߵҶ΢Ц˵ã͵͵߿ɲʲô顣ĺŮˣ߾͵øʿűȽϳݡ
һʲôʿƤĺ·ؤûʲô
Ҷ΢΢һЦнӹԿףֱӿ˽ȥʱٻע⵽Ҷһװͦ׼ˡ
ǲȰʲô飿
Ҷû˵Ѿ뿪ͣһ·Ҷﶫ˵ŽϰʱȤ£ǲẮٻ⡣
úٻе㲻ãҲ֪ԿľԼ뿪㣬ܹ˳һЩ
ϼξٰᲢûڸ߼ڽĶȼٱֳʱѾͣ˼ʮӡ
ҶЩӴڣ޵Ǯ˵ĵðÿ˵Ҫɡ
ٻȴЩ³֮Ͼһֱûʲô飬ҶҲˣӦǺܽź͵ǲǡ
߹ȥӵסҶĵ㣬ȻμģǾҪģڲŲ˵һʢ
ٻҶ֮⣬˵ûԼԽǱֵķԽǴԼ˺ҡɲΪЭģ̬֮ȫˡ
侲ŷҶ־ȻϣʱҪ쭡Ҷȴȿڣĺùİ취㲻ȥͱҵ۸϶ȸߵ㡣
ٻﻹҶǼһǿˣѾӴųӭˡ
ֻӲͷƤҶ§Ž뺫ңӿشٻĳӳ֣ʱüЦ
ȻлõģϰֵͲٻ
ٸ߹޵ŮˣջҪǺʽҵ֮¡ߣ˳׼Ҫúٻ׳Ϊˡ
ٻ֪Ѿںеעںϣ˵Ǹѧӵܣɺ첻ͬı㣬ƻˡ
ÿκͺϼźʱ򣬺ٻ֪˾õٵġҲǸܵĴͻαôίԼÿζҪճ޳ܵĺ
ȻǿҶ§źٻʱǳ϶ԹŮһȡһ뵽ٻѾ˻оһ
ԼûŮˣôܹǸСˣһݺŮˣֻ֮ǰʧӡ
ŶԷҶýֺͷ룬֪һʲô顣
ջ𣬺Ͳһȼ˷ŭֻԽݡɶԷƫϲһҷ͵Ĺ
˭׼᳡ģᣬһǱ͸Ǳߴȥ
Ҷ׼᳡ʱ򣬺ܰԵĵסǵȥ·鲻ƵĿҶ
ǰһĺܲңڶԷվԼĵضȻӲҪԷһЩѵ
ٻ뿪˵Ҷ͸죬Ӵ٣Ҷˣõô㲻Ըҽȥֱ˵ǣһȷûǮûƣһֿģ֪ʲôɫ
Ĩǵģ֮£ҲĻʱǳɫ
Ҷ˵ˣҼңҲ˭˭Ͳ֮ܽһһȥȻҪÿ
вһҲãҶɵĻġ
ʱٻԼӦվҶϧԽ޴ˡ
ôҪΪһСؽƸ붼벻˲ţ˵ʸȥ𣿡
֪ʱһŮҶ󣬴˲ǱˣжӲơ
Ҳܵ˺ϼŵ룬μᡣȻЩӦ֮ҲܷУⳡǲĻη̻ܹ̽Եÿ
ٻȻҪ΢ϿһЩºȽ磬̳ϵЩǱ򣬿ӦıȺٻ䡣
ڼƵʱ򣬶ʱͲˡ΢Ц˵ⲻǷƽ˵ﻰҺ۵𣿡


031 δ
ںǰԲĻشƲ棬ҪֻǽڶԷжôĲҪĿǷΧ
Ҷ￴ƣɫ̫ãʱüͷԷƺܵעӣƫͷʱ򣬸һס
ҶҲӦĵͷǼ򵥴кɺٻȴ֮ܲǰǲ֪Ҷﵽ׺֮䷢ʲôɵӶóĺҶ
ҶأǲҲɵԷȥˣƫͷҶʱ򣬷һ۾ŶԷʱһŭһå
ҶˣƫͷٻԼʲôط˶ԷȻһåۡ
ʱ򺫸ƵӣֻܹҶ˽ȥ״ҶһЦ٣ǸˣҪȥЩνˣ˵ҪǱôһ֣ʲôֳЧ
ôܹ޳ܵ˴ڣʱըˣϧȴʲôˡ
ƺҶﺮٻһ볡ΪкˣȻʱûƾͿˡ
ٻСҶе£㲻˽һ°ɣ
ٻһ㶣ô˵ˣѵСĲӦοҶֻǹ˾ԱֲѣûȨɡ
õ֮ƾͺҶһõϢûڣҶѾȿڡ
ܣɫ̫ðЩǲ˯߲ã¸ʹƵӡǲģŮɣ˵Ǻܶ˶Ȳϵġ
ƱҶǲǿҪϰ࣬ô˵϶ʱּ糺졣Щôˣȷֻܲһ۾ͱһ˿⻹ЩȻ
ҶﵽΪŮǵ¶Ǿġ˵ܣҿҪһӣÿʧѪĻɺܴ˵ġ
Ҷǲ̸ʣ㿼ǵˣǲȤϰࣿȻ򶨣ҶԽԽ¶ǵԴʣǾֹ
ҶֻЦЦӦ֪ΪԭαҪںٻ߸ԸС
ЦҲǽڲˣЩʧ֣ɣϣܹΪѣһӦòܾɣ
Ҷһŵ˵ǰɣΪˣҸеˡ
ƱŻЦˣ׼뿪ȥ᳡һЩѽȴǱҶһѳסˡ
ƷӦҶѾͳƵĸ첲˼롣֮ǰʶҶ뼼ɵܿ͵
֪Ϊʲô⼸ȥ͸оһůǳĲʸҲƺ˺ܶࡣ
֮Ҷε룬΢Ц˵ӦòòʣҪȫû£ҽ㻹˽һ±ȽϺá
Ƶͷע⵽Ѿ˳߿Ϊ˱̳˸첲ҶͷһЦллпһúôл㣬ѾΡ
ҶȴΪ⣬ֻǾŮ˶ǽĻ䣬ƯŮˣӦܵõĺǻƣֻǳڱܵϧѡ
ٻһ˳ڻ᳡ΪòȻҪȥ˺кǸʮˣȻƫ󣬿ȴһ㶼ϣҲʮҵӡ
ٻ߹ʱϲûκεĲˣż΢Ц
ֶŮһΪϼһѾ벻ء
ΪȴȿڴкѾʾȨٻûʲôѾϺա
˵ЦˣٰᣬæҲֻǲ֪ۻʲôرԭ𣿡
Ŷ˵ǰЩǲСӸܶ鷳ΪҵȻôǸԺʲôٻ⣿
ٻ⻰ɫˣڰʾвҲôЭġҺͺ֮ǵСᣬҪһֻͣҪףҺֻͨѣԺǻദǢġ
ʵôϲٻĽǶٻŻкܴķչǰģܹʱٻŪ֣ôϼ˵һ
ٻȻ֪ڴʲô⣬һʼ׷ʱѾﰵľܾΣɺȴһζûгֹֻ˵ͬôġ
ϺҪ̲ٻţǾԲıóѵģôԵȥĸĸ
ȴǺͰһЦٻ̫ʤǺ£ǺҲһŮˣôС;Ҫ֧ôĹ˾ҿǺ۰
лģСŮţȻûиסٻţҲࡣٻȻΪѾͷˡ
Դӹٻ֮жǿһٻͱЩǻ̳Եˡ
һĨɫ⺮ٻȷǹǿȰȴβ֪һС۸ˣ̫Ը顣
Թһ˿˵ŮӼҪĻҪҵһɾ˰æ˾ܹɺܶࡣ˵㹫˾һСϵ岻𣿡
Ȼ̸ˣٻ֪֣һǺ˵ʲôҶܵǣԴʷϵʱҶȴǡ˹
ֻǿۺ֪Ļ΢Цǰվ˺ٻߣãôһգۣأ͵һŮĳȣҲôɡôˣҪǿԻؼҹˡ
ٻһ㶣ʱüͷҶﵽں˵˵ʲô뷴ȴȿˡ
λǡ
ֻҪɵӶܹóҶͺٻĹϵ򵥣˵ǵĺܡѵ⺮ٻڶ̶ʱڸԼ˸ˣ
´һҶĻ㲻ǿӦòǽͷˡ
ٻͣҶȴһִֻĺ󱳣һ֮ʣѾҶ˻ͷ
λǽ˺ܰɣǾ˲ţҶǺٻδ򡣡
һô˵ٻʱҪˣôܹ˵
Ҷȴִĺ󱳣˵ܰǼҺٻǲǶ˵ʲôĻһʶҶüˣŮﻹҪˮһűȽϲƫƫϲһ̫ˡ
ҶǱߺȴŪѱ棬Ȼ͸굽ʲô·һΪĺ죬жһݾ衣
֣һ۸ҵǸСںҶĴɻʱ򣬺ȴ


032 ̫
һʱú쿴Ҷӵ˾ˣٲҲò˲ֶ£ȻҶǴĵߡ
ҶȴǿԸЦҶ鶼հǰ˺Ļү֪ˡ
ٻ׼ǰգҶȴһо˾ı仯ʱ򺫾עѾˡ
˳Ŀ⿴ȥԭ˽˳ءʱҶҲ˲򵥣ڣرϢᵽ˾Υɱ
һ˵ǾûϢģǻڵģҲԲġ
뵽֮ǰȶ˵ĻڣҲ֤͵ϵǣһĻ󣬴¾ǺĿɽˡ
ֻǲ֪⼸Ըٻźͺٻǲͬһ·ˡ
Ҷ︧¶ͷǸпǧû뵽Լô鷳Ըɱֺⶼͬһ˸ɵģҲ¶ֱʵӵķչ
źٻȻվ֣ôһϲǿСŮǵ˭ǵôء
ûʱҶˣֱӭ˽ˡ
磬úԡǰ֣ڵӣԼӺžöġ
Ҷüʵ٣˭ѵλϰָ߳𣿡
鲻һʱûӦ˭Ȼ˳ҶʹʲôλҰָߣǸ˽ʲô˲ġ
仰һԼҲһ㶣Ȼ񿴵Ҷ΢Цʱ˲ˡԼ̫ٶˣôܹ˵
ҶЦ˵ŶԭǸ˽ҰϢ߸Ļǻ᲻ҷٱ𣿡
ô˵ʱŭ˵ôұ죬ôˣǾԲġ
⺫Ҳ湻ȵģС˵죬ȴвԼ¶ףµһù¾Լ
ҶﷸΪСֳ¶һĴھζ֧֧šһССֻÿ찲ȶգɻԼ޾鷳
ֱһ鷳ǵµͱѣںٻٻŵĴʺϺͶԷ
ͺ캮ѵʱ򣬷·ע⵽ҶĴһó˹
ҶﵭĻһЦЦһֲҪǮҪֲЦˣԷƣҲӦֻҷ£Բֵطġ
ȻĿ⸴ӵƿߣֻǵ߸̣ͺ˼֮󣬾ʹűִæ뿪ˡ
е˽硱һЩȤҪҪ˳һ£⼸ںٻߵ⣬׺ûֱӹϵ
ʱ򺫾ֻˣĿҶȻЩϵ˼СӳôҲǸȻɸСӱķ涼ġ
νȸܶ˻עĶӾͺʧܡҶǿֲĸĸǾ͵úúýˣֱŪǽȥˡ
Ǹ۸ҶӵıôĵٻҪҺ𣿡췢쭵ĶҶҪĿĻǺٻ
ΪٻĴ˸б֪ԷǸȨƵСô¶͵˵㡣
һ̳켣ôϺ꣬ѵԸһСѾͷɣҪúٻӦСӺĻ£Ȼ뿪
ȦƴҶ磬ʵȫαûмĵ˭ѡʱҶ˺ٻͺǱߵղԾ
Ҳ֪ʱ˵ȥΧЦǷǳû顣Ǿкܺ棬ȴǵðסӣȥ֡
ǸĵƣǱߵԺٻҲͣԶûҪæĹϵҶӡ󲻴ΰԼܲ¡
ٻ˵ǾΪŹġҴʲôݣҾûбҪʲô㲻ӭǣǴ뿪ԲӰᡣ
̫ˣҶ﷢δ̫ˣȻѲǵ˳Сһ֪б뿪첼õľǾҪˡ
ȻĻ̿ʼԺٻˣֶŮô˵ɾͲˣΪҺ㸸ĸЩ飬ԲŲԸ⿴ôִԲȥҪ֪ҿһֱ㵱ԼŮһ۰ΪһףȻϣԼĺܹһõĹޡСһУô֪ΪǮƶӽأ
⻰úٻһ£ǻҶĲΪԼǮ룬Ҷݲһ㣬Ǵ絽ʲôʽԸߵСܣ
˵ٻǸŮӦöն񡣲Ҽʸ֦Ͷȡɵˡҵ㱻ƭǧҪٺˡ
ҶһһЦҪǾĲ⺫͸һˡĴεĶԺٻòѾ˲ܵˡ
һӲѵôĶӣΪŰ۾˵ϹٻĻǳ⡣
Ȼٻɫúѿ˵ҽһ𾴣Ҳϣܵƺ˵ֵĻˡҶҵıûҺ
԰Һͺ綨Ļ£νĸڳΪĴ纮ĸǡ˵Ҫü޸ңһܲдɡ
ٻһŵĿҶղҪģôҶһзǵصԭ㣬һԽԽˡ
⻰֪ҶǰںŸɡŭȴûбֳĳȰҶﲻҪ롣
ٻĺŮӦõˣҶȻǲеġ⻰ȷˣ˭Ҳ֪ҶԺٻм顣Ժ̬ȣƺҲ޿ɺǡ
ĿǰҶ̬ȣúٻЩ㲻״һߵȴеСʧ
һĳŮ˵ĽǶҶϿһ͸еĶӦǶظҵˡ
ֻϧٻƺûҶ֮ԵöҶûΡ
ǰһ˵ܣʵҵС˵ô˵ʲôرĵط㲻֪ء
Ҷû뵽ʱվ˵ľȻƣ˵ʵղϣٻܹվģܹĻѻԲˡ
˭֪ٻŮҲǹִģŲ̫ܺϵɡ
Ƶļ룬ɫ΢һ㣬м־⣬Ů˺ͺٻһͬƹܹ˾Ƶҵȴ֮˷ֺ
ܣӦòͷ㶯ڣҼҵ˽¶ѡ֮ⲻƺһܡ
ȴ˵ǸֻǺܼ£ҵҲȷùܡǰЩҸպͺܳ˽áںٻҵãָָ㣬û֮
ٻƣдһ˿жû뵽һ̬Ӳ˭ԴɫƣȻʱվ˵
ιŮˣʲô飿


033 ٱֶ
Ͳϧȴ֤仰塣Ļ˲ƵȻѾʮŮˣҲûעر㴩ĺأɿȴഺģһֳϰϵ
ŮͻȻ˵ϣŮᷢˡͼɫѿĶԺ˵ܣ̵ĺö˵Ȱ㻹ǲҪø㶪ۡ
˵ʲô
졣ԼҶӲ֪ƣʱʹ
ûԼϰַôƢʱͺ˵һվһߵͷˡ
һ漴϶Ц˵ưͺһƽϣӺĶ䣬ʹ˲С˹ֱӱǡҴصǸ
ԸӲˣҲ޳ܵģһˣȴɫĲģʮüҪռˣҲҪӦӦ
ˣҺͺٻǽãȻպ㣬ҲóƺһȻܵ˵ı㲻һʶ
Ҷһ˶޲̸ƹƣŮ̫ˣ͸ղǼ仰ǶɫǣֽѵСɫǡ
ЦݽϣôҲûϵƾȻôһ֡ǵ̹̫ˣһĸҶű
ƣ˵뵱ҺǿǺѡһĵ𡣡Ů˻ǷǳģıƣֻŮֱˡ
Ҷʱ죬Ǹãϱҽкһ磬ԺǺ찡
ٻҶһۣҲֳȴǱҲ졣ȴͷ˵ûⱲֲ˵ȷáӣ磬˳ֶӴк
˿̵ֱڵĲˣ챾ѵٻһ£˳ǿбźٻӰѻ¸ΪƺҶ˽֣ҷ˴Ц
ûɵɾҩҲ身ңʱŭĶ˵֣Щ˷۸ǣҪֻһС
ұ죬鲻𣿡ŭ֪СӲαؽҪⳡϯ
ԼûֵһãȴŮ˺һСӸ۸ȥʵȥ
תٻҲװǻˣֱԲٻӦòµʲô㻹ٻźҺϼżĻǾ͵СĻ£첻ǺܱǸԼڣűûкˡ
ٻȻЩɣϾⲻֻϵˣ˾Ӫãô˵ųԷʱ˾ΪӪƶ׿ˣζԵȥĸĸʹ硣
ҶѺٻΪȫߣС˵ܣæ£ʱٲ֣ϱɾ͵ˡ
ϱƲ϶ҶкܴĺøУȻ꼶˼꣬ΪԼʹ䲻Ϻˡ
ܹƿϵģһǰμĴڡҶӡ󲻴ԽԽ˳ֻۡϧƺٻϱԴˣʧġ
վһ߹սһȴͻȻϷֻǲ֪ҪõʲôĽϷɹˡ
Ҷı鲻䣬ȴЦЦټ٣Ҳ¡ڹŮͬģҶһˣǵúܶŮˡ
ҪģûôƤģ֪Լˡ⻵СȴŮˡư̾Լʶһ㣬˵ҲóΪŮ֮һ
ĲڵҶȱŮòôӸɣⳤģǺױ߰
ȿȣܣвǡҺϱãô˾ͻ˵ɢԧ죬˶Դ˲ġ
⻰ȴЦһֻȺٻڣ۶ˡ
һֱ˵ڿˣãȻôӣⲻҲգýҪμһʡóм̼ңܸǡ
⻰ǹҪͺԣǺȴʲôҲû˵תȥкˡû뵽Լϰؼʱȴˣ⵽ô°
ںٲԵʱҶȴ˵˵ֶĶˣ㻹ʲôĪҪ㲮ĸǸأ
ɫǺ죬Ȼǲ衣ϰֵķ򣬾ǲҶǼȥʲôõӰ졣
ȵ뿪֮ҶҲûʲôҪˣⳡῴרΪźٻӦ¶׼ڽֵ˰һжˣȻҲʲô
ҲȥˣҶһ뿪˺ҡֱʱٻƵлȴǿҶȻϣл
Ҷץץףʾ˧ǵﶼܻӭƵĻش㿪˵ܣ̫лİæ
ɲҳԷлɡһҪİæ˵껹һЦ
һЦʱԱߵĺٻɫҶʱ˶ˣõôԼ
Ҳ֪£˽𣿡ٻʻʱͻȻʵ
ҶŹ׼ɻأ֮ǴĲ˰еĺŮģʲôһǣ˵˰
ٻҲ£Ҷﲻش𣬱ҲûټҶ￪һ룬ȴʱ쳣
Ժٻ˵ϵðȫץ˷֣Ҫˡ
ιˣòҪ쭳ɣȻٻ֪ضû·ͷģҶؼǵڶľͲǷֱӿ۷֣㲻ü뿪ˡ
ҶȴΪ⣬źӾһڣƵ˵Ӵ뿪ңһ·ٵҲ֪ʲô棬Һܰ
ٻʱŷ쳣ֻ뵽γһҶ￪ˣһµġ
Ҷƺ֪ڵʲôͳһںٻĳعѨһ롣漴˵Ͳõγˣֱӱ۾úϢ۾ʱұ֤һжѾˡ
ʱٻôܹ˯ţҶ֮ʲôҲ
˳׼ڰǱȫһ飬ȷûʲô⣬ֱӰŲȵסһĳ鶯ѸٵĿ˳ȥ
ĳӼ٣ʱæҵҲʼ١ͱӵĽս
Ҷ￪࣬˵ҲǮסıϵʱ·ϺгʻҶһﶪܹɵĶ㿪ΣգѺĳ˦Զ
ٵƺҲǷ֮ȻҶпų˴˵ľԽԽԶܿͷֲԾ
㵽ʲôطԷǺܹܿλáɲΪνɺϣµûǳӱ˶ֽţǵϱ˰װ˸
Ǹںٻߵģ˶ֽţһ㶼û֣ôһ˳ϡ
Ҷ׼ҸطЩĸߣҳϵĸȴȻ


034 
һ޷٣ֻ֤ɲʧˣһϲڱӵĳǲôͼʧģһ˶ɲֽš
ӵʱ򣬼עһ֮áЩ˿湻ģɱʧˣɴ顣
ҿźٻˣŮֻܵˡٻоҶĲԾ̲סʵôˣǲǳʲôˣ
ҶƫͷźٻһЦϱ˵Ľܾҵļˣ²£
ٻʵĪҶǷӵʱȴҲʼĲԾҶȻתʱ򶼲٣ܲ
ɲʧ顣
찡ǺٻҲٱ侲ˡ
Ҷȴһ㶼ģοϱҲ̫ġֻ㣬ǲңҪȫȫ֡
ʲôʱˣô鿪Цٻһ㶼Ц
ҶЩȤԳһЦѵĬеģϧȴǲϣôҲֻҵ̼ˡ
Ժٻ˵ҪðǾһҪǾͳڣû̫ʱ䡣
ٻҶֱǷӣڽѣѡٻѡҶô˵ҶûɻẦ˵׻
ǸһҲ״һбһܵġ
ҶûȥẮٻ˿̶θ룬ֻڱ֮ǰ취ԾȡӳӵGPSϵͳ˽⵽ǰһ·ɵǣӻʱ򾭹һ
ΨһĻᣬȥܻȥȻ
üޣҶʱ֮ʵˣ
ٻкܽţоһҪһһͷ˵ԲңҲ㲻þ顣
Ҷȴ΢΢һЦԲͲ˵ˣ㻹ԼվɣδѲܸøһ˰ɡϱ
ٻֲ˵ڿЦ˵ءһȴʮ˵Ĳһô
⵹ҶЩˣѵŮתˣڷĺãԴ
ѾҪҶԤĵطúٻ⿪˰ȫʱ׼򿪵׼֮£ҶѾһ׼׼ȷ
һҶһл֮󣬺ٻһд򿪳ű۾ӳȥ
ɹȥҶ¶һĨЦݡ͸úýѵȺ쵰ʱˡ
ٻһͷˮУΪˮȴԭǱھĹ൱Ҳ˺ٻˮĻᣬˮʱȴһƬڣûҶټ
ʱĻˣѵҶΪ˾Լûʱûӳ
ҶﵱȻûˣñ˰һζܣԾʹ㻨ôҲǼٵβͲС
ǰһյأҶ׼ݺݵıĳʧصĿ·߿յأʱĳͣ·ߣȻǾûҪʱ򻹼׷ˣźܿͻᳵˡ
ҶʱͻȻ˸ת䣬ʱӳɵԾǿ³ǰֱ˹ȥϨ˻ĳȵӦʱѾˡ
صײһ𣬻⳵ײһߣ֪ҶﲢûƺѾӵɵĳŸղźٻˮĵطȥ
ֵܰɵñȥǿ治ָûسŵҶһܣһֹģˡ
ʱٻѾ˰ߣֻǿˮ淢뵽֮ǰһֱҶﲻʱӣȴû뵽ͷȻԥѡ
ϱϵôͲϹҳԴ𣿡Ҷ䲻ŵúٻһվ
ͿҶһû˵վʶһʵǹ
ҶһʱûסЦŮżʱǺܿɰ
ǹô죿ҵϱԹ㣬ҪһµɣȥȥҶĻԽ˵Խס
ٻҲѾعˣҹɫϵıڸסˡðξ˵Ҳһ̡
ҶԿ˼֪ǲǱˮǺˣһڨڨ˵Ǻ㿪Цôž˰ɡ
ٻûεˣڳûˣطֺѴ򵽳ֻ߻ȥˡ
Ҷͳֻ˸룬ȻƵġ΢Ц˵ιܰǵæˣܲĵضΣһǣǵĳӱˡ
ٻҶô˵ʱ˻ϧѾֻˣֹ
ţ
ʣҵ׺ʲôϵɣҶﻵһЦһµӡ
ٻĬˣÿκҶ˵·硣߾ԲɵһҪӮһ֣ǱȽǡ
ĳĬҶЩܡٻץסҶߡϲڣҲϣȻǵöôȤ
ҶҲ֪ԼʲôʱԸģֻ֪ڹ¶ʱʲô¶ʱ򣬾ͻ᲻ϵһ⣬ͼܹҵһڣõߡ
ϧⶫ˵򵥣ûôסҶ뵽ǸĬĴ˵ʵ׸һ𣬿һȴɹĹиֵܸεջ²ۣƺܲ
ƺܿˡֻڼٻʱԵúܾȣҶͷϻմȾһЩӲݡ
ϴһ£Ī͵ʳҲ̫˰ɡ
ٻǸ֪Ƶ뷨ҶǸˣһӾͲµʲô
ûͣʱСᣬҲûʲôõġֻҪ˵棬ⲻҲͦõ
һ·˭û˵ưͻȥ֮󣬱뿪ΪҶﻹòԵ˵һ䣬ҪȥɣϾһŮˣ̫ȫ
ٻѾ뷿ˣʪ͸ܣҪһ¡
ҶĻ΢΢һЦˣҵ׷߻ˣǲܾ顣ϧ첻ʿЦ
ܣòΪҶҼϱʲôɣҶЦЦ˵
Цҡҡͷ˵Щ鲢ҪֻеϧϵĺΪʲôô١ǸǱŮ˸ˣ˸еˡ
ҶصӾ;ٲ¥ھٻķʱ洫ˮȲϴˡ
뵽ϵľһĻҶ΢΢һЦҲطϴ׼˯ˡ
˵ڶϣҶ˯Ȼѣžͱ˸ö֮Ĵˡ
ι棬̫ɹƨˣǳǱӺʹˣһӾͰҶ˯оˡ
ԼվһŮˣܲĶʱʶ˵ŮҪٲƻǽɫ
ͷ𴲣лҪ˵Ȱ̾ϧһôʵʵİʾֽǳʲô
ҶŶһźٻ濪ʼš̲ס²ۣʷǰ𣿾Ȼ·˯ǲ̫ѷˣ
ܷ㰡ֱһ¾ͺˡҶνػش˵ص㣬Ѹչж
ߣ


035 ȵı
һѪյ̸Ļ⣬һĺǲǿΪڱԼʾ
׼ڵϷһ£Ҷתһ룬ȿɲǺٻٻֻСȴпȭкҶŮϷˣŮǸŮжԶͶԶȽϺá
ͷձϣҶȲͷĴߴ鷳㶯ܲܿ㣬ô̵ģܲˡ
ֲҪͶ̥бҪôż𣿲Ҷﻹ΢ӿ˵ٶȣȵһ¥ʱֺٻʱѾ뿪ˡ
ҶһƣôңѵҪԼ·ȥϰࣿ
һЦٺ٣㲻ȥ˾ˣٻٻ㣬Խһҵİš
ЦЩŹ֣ҶʱֲõĸоѵС׼ϮôȻĻ绹ϲϲ
ȿҶӣһرĵʲô϶û¡ߣкܶطҪȥ˵Ҷ³
ҶƳһۣŮ˹ȻǮϴαȵĳӱײˣôȻһ³ʽ»ģʲôģ
ţȴԽԽƫƧĵطȥҶ̲סüͷŮ˴ĽҰʲôѵҪʲôĶǣһҪϮǲأǲء
ȹѳӿһȽŨܵӲݴԣҶȷСǴʲôΣյˡ
㻹ʲôǵطˡҺüĽһҪЩŻļһ︶ۡóһаڱϣҶﻹڳ﷢㶣Ű˵
ҶӦһһ濪³һֳ˳а治ʲôǷǹ֧ҩɣС椣ǡ
ҲȷǱ˼Ȥþöûִ̼ˣźú档
ҲֱͣҶСĳȥ
ܿҶͿǰԶһӡֵطַǺֵģΪֻһƬ֣˵߳ϱȽ϶࣬طĵλãҲʺǷӡ
˵ⷿһйŹ֡ҶסһԻҪǰߵȣСʵ˵С㣬ڿԸңǵжݵʲô˰ɣ
ܣȷȫС˵ȻԣǰʱٻٻĹʧһȻΪ֮Ծ΢һ£Ҳ鵽üĿŻɷͲ
ҶҲЩ죬ȷ֪˹ݻ𣬵ô̵ʱھҵݻߣδҲ̫ˡ
Ҷ̲סʵһֱܺ棬㵽ʲôģ˽̽
鷳Һ־ϲץСְҵϵȺвУҵ̺˸񡣡һм˵
ҶﱻЦˣû뵽žȻĬ۽硣ҶԽԽȵݣ־˺þãϧȴôϸ
ϻôʲôҪǺٻ˵㻹ӣҲŷŴءһǿı顣
ҶʧЦС椣˱˻ԣֵģȴ˵˶Ƶá
Ҷúȼƽϣ¹غٻҶҲԴʼ۲ǶСݣȻ˵ݻ𷸾棬ӦҲǿѨ磬طôΣǻʲôù
һǰһ׼Сݲ鿴˭֪֦ҶС椾ȻĲȶһľ󣬵棬ȴԵø̶
Ȼ̾߳ˣһ´ҶҲˣͰ˵ڵءһһԵľҪҶһǿаסһֻס͡
ȥǱ߿ʲôǵĺ¡һ˵
˵ĽŲҶ˵жϳλãҶϢţԽԽʾȲҪڳִӵϼһʯͷѧһèУʱͽʯͷ˳ȥ
⶯èУɹƭˡ
һ˵̫СˡطȲֲʲôضΣƽӰûУʲôﰡ
һҲһСĵȽϺãﲼúһУεĽײܹһ©ǳԲ궵ߡ
˵ֽСݣҶŷҶɫȴȻŹ꣬ôⴥиоԣͷһҶʱһڨڨЦݣһСģȻȵز
Ҷæ׼ɿԼ֣ϥҶϮ
Ҷж꾭飬ٶȶû⵽Ů˵Ķ֡Ҷ΢΢һЦȣôɾͲˣղң¾Ҫ¶ˡ
¶ͱ¶ұ˵ģαҪôһû˵š
Ҷ̾˿Ȼ򵥣ƢҲעʲô¶
Ųţղǰķʽôȥ̾ͻΪѡҶ˵
Ҷ뵽֮ǰںϿǸ磬ȻûüȥˣѾ²⵽Է˽ʲôϳ˶ɶǾǾˡ
ԼĵһֱǸӣֻǲ֪Ϊʲôһˣô;ӳϹϵġ
ղ˼̵ĶԻѾ֤ʵĲ²⣬طܵĽһסֻȲ֪ʲôطõطϢȻô󵨵
ȴô⣺㽲Ҳ̫ˣû취ȥֱӰǸɵ͵ˣ
С㣬ʦû̹Ǻгᣬɱ𣿡Ҷﶼˣȵ׸ʲôģôɱ˵͸Ƶġ
ƺҲʶԼ˵Ļе⣬ҲǷģץһǾ͸ɴ͵ﾯһκˡ
ҲУòǶִԱûȨɣҶﻹ˵ʲôС侲
ѾͷˣҪٷϻһ䣬Ȱˣ
Ǻĵ¿ηˣҶ￴С椵ӣҲ֪ȰסˣͿȵ׸Ҳɱˡ
Ҷﰴȵ˼Сݿʵֻһţȴϧװĥɰ˿׾ٵĿ棬ȴ޷
Ҷ︺һ棬ɲ㡰ո˵󡱣Щ黹ǵ˽һжѶСݵǽϣϸĶ
ܿͷ֣ӵȷֻ˿أȥĽŲֱˣǶԻƵʣҲ֤˵ʵ
ֻҶһ˶ԸɵĺܡԷģֻȴûжҶЩ֡ĵŲǰ棬ȴȾȻĲף
ӵǰһŲ˼׹ܡֻҪƵԶЩװãôⶰС̾ͻᱻըɻҽ̶ʱڣҲ֪ôġ
ҶԽŮ˲򵥣ɴʲôܣһ߿֣֪ŮҪ
֮Ƶͬ飬ȻڰӶóҲΣ֮ء
һУȱصºҶϣҶһߣȻ׼ڵһҪװ챬ըʱõġ
ƳҶȻһ󣬴˼ҪҶһѣҪ̳ߡ
ҶС椵ôĲã˵ˣǴʮˣҲһᱻը˵ġ
һ׼Ҷ϶αװĲ
ҶʱȴԸղǶ˵̸һͻоףôѵҪֹףô¶ݣöԷ֪ͺٻĹϵǻٻΣգ


036 
ҶţǵһʧأͳɱڣԲЩлϢݳȥٻŴ鷳
˴аͷһſ档˴ӳ̧üӣľͷӵĸͷǰ̧ʱСĵӣҶѾȷװľǾ
ȵ⼸˰Ѷȫȥ֮վѷ磬ǾͲö֪ˡ
ȼſվˣое㷸ǿص׹ܣĻĻըˣϾԼûɱˡ
Ҷһֱڹ۲һԵȣ֪ʲôʱŻ´Ҫ֪ΣգԽٶһǺܿ죬ȥĻܿǾͻ᳷ô֮ǰһпɶ׷ˡ
Ҷﲻ˸ƣʾ¾ϡȴȻſˣ˼ȻҪҶһ˴ΣȻ׹ܡ
ҶȻǾ֣Ҳ޴Ӷ룬˶ѣԼ򵥵ĺܡ
Ҷվڶ⧲֮£룬˿˲˯Ѩλϡ
ڶ˵ص˲䣬ȶѸٵĽסǣⷢҪˡȻһκ飬С椵Ķͦġ
Ҷ²⣬СǾӵģҲͬСϣǰߣΪ©ȿԶšһ͵˻˳ȷǰݡ
ȻǸ磬ҶûٻȥĹǱʮǧģӦòΪԼôһС󶯸ɸɣȻСЩΣա
˽ʵϵԱߣΪ˷ֹƻƻȴӱóӽˣ˽
ҶʶС椱ܣ˭֪ȶ죬˲ֻһıӰ
Ҷ˱񣬵ǼȻԷܾԼܣԼҲֻűӼ䵱ֵĽɫ
ʱȴŽյķţ뵽濴ŪЩ˵ʲôġΣգô죿
Ҷ￴ȵ˼ߵ˵һȴĲС
ȱھҶͻȻôģҲûʱ̫࣬ҶĽ飬֪е˼
û˲ÿԿΣգֱ׹һʧлǳȥ׽ȺˣǾٺòˡ
ȼԼȥҲҶҲԣϸ˵ڲӦˣһЩ˾͵óʱȻһսûκǹ֧ҩ˵ǴƵġ
뻹ǷĲȣ㿿ǽߣ׼ʱӦȡȴз϶͸Ȼܿһ
ǿˡ㴦Щ飬ҵôǮȥһͷ˲ͷ˵
֮ǰȴһҲżǵ飬ͷ˵ˣϴεмƷһü˲ܸǮǩա
һ⻰ͷʱˣҿǰѳ˵ǰͷǸĻԴγãǴĶթǰɡҲеϵĹ㻵⣬´ξͱҺˡ
ȴǹһЦͷΪʲôͷҪô˵϶ԭģڻĹϴУǸҪĻ˭ôҪԸԴڿϹӣ
ͷһͷ˭ôҲǻҪѹͼ۸ɲֵ»ôֵҪ
̸˸죬ûʲôȴοҲҪѹļۣг⣬ŪرĻˣȻٲĺô
ԭҪһرľ𣬶ֻǹ֧ҩȴΪ˹ͷץ¹Դˡ
ھץر⣬Щ㲻ȴҪرⲻҪðű¶Σգʱпܶ
ɲϴӦҲżǺĵһļ顣ǰʱ䣬Ϊľùͷ¾
ͷͷϵ亹ðˣһеģʱ׼ŵԴһˣҲôôæֵܡ˼ȥǾðһѣô˵ʧȥȷΪѵġҲֻܴӦ
ڹͷͷ֮󣬹һЦŹͷļ˵ʶʱߣѾˣЩһⶼûС̸Ǯ
ʱߵĴȴʯͷ˲飬˲侪ˣͷ͹Ѹͼһϱգ׼ʱչһս
ͷڹʵ⵽ô£ѵǺ;ˣ
ޣевУǶǵϣôҲܺ;һӡһйܡʱȲЩǳȥ
ͷſڵֵܣҪȥʱȺҶѾܹҲˣÿжмһǿӲĻĻѡ
ҶʵҪǵѵҪ׽
ܻ׽ãҪЩ֮Էһ˵ȻҲ֪Щʲôˡ
ҶѾ֤ԼĲ²⣬ȹȻǾӵˡֻоӵսʿŻһĪкΪսη
ղѾָоȵ־黳û뵽һϲϸ˷Ƿ쭳ĻС椣ȻǾˡ
֪㣬Ҷ㲻ˡ֮ǰǲҪ΢һԼжϾ¶ԼĻǺҲǵͷˡ
ôǿսپˣǰһСæ˳Ųĵطǿ˼ǹطƫƧƽûǹҲֻܾɢȺȴȺ
Ҫȥ⼸˽ʵʵĸһȴҶס
С㣬㾯Ƭ˰ɣôȥֱҼȻ͵ðƽȥȻôٻ
ĻȵĲ˭ˣҪʲôҵ飬ְŵġ
ҶЦã⻹һαְţ⻰ͺ˵ѵǱӦֵˣȴñһС
ôŵʱҶѾˣֻͳ룬ȥʱЩ˷ʤ׼˽ǶȣЩΪվŲҲ׼Ļᡣ
˶УѸٵءʱ򲢲֪ͽѾƷӱͳǹһ߿׼ȥȰ˵Ͷ
ǵ˶ڵϵʱȴˡ⵽ô£ѵүڰ
ҶʱӴ˽ҺۼĽЩ˻
ûɱЩˣֻǵ˯Ѩʱ˯һ¡
ǺܿҶͷԣȴֻĸˣҲ˵ڵʱʱһ˶ĹҶ￴۹ͷˣ֪Ǹ
ǸߣĻ롣ʱȻûӦҶѾŶ
ιʲôȥֻüѯһ䣬ѾҶӰˡ
ܵ죬˵ʲôţȴֲܲЩ˯ˣɴӽЩȫõһѹҪ


037 ݻ֮һ
Ҷ˳Լֱ;һЩ˿һ׷˹ȥûͿǸһǹթܵҲܿ죬ǸҶȻһȼ
ôҲû뵽ôεĽףȻ顣ҺõʱۣʱͷֵǶˣҲֻܵϵĸŵ¡
˳Ű˳ΪǾһӳʱȴǰվһˡ
Ҷ￿һ΢Ц˵ǸֵܣȻҲһҴ鷳粻Ϳˣ
˼̧־ͳҶ￪ǹˡһԼ۾⣬ǹ׼ĵطﻹӰȻоһذ׵ĵѾĲϣֻҪһ˾ͻĺ
˻ЩģҶˣҶȴʼʻ
˵ǲǷˣǵϴ𣿡ҶֻԼĲ²⣬ҲΪ˽һ¶֣ԺӦҲиס
һ⻰ʱ͵ǲǾˣѵǺڳԺڣСӣ֪жǲҸǣǾԲǵġ
Ҷͷ·ͬ˵һʵôǰʱٻŹݻ˭
һ⻰оһĨţġԷѵ˵ģ
ӹѾԼҪĴ𰸣ҶЦһֱһȭŶԷŴȥ
Ȱ˯ЩˣѰҶģȴҶѾűİĹصСǰ
ȿ۱ûεĹ̲סʵǺ𣿡
Ҷ΢΢һЦûУ˾ݻ֮һڸñ𡣡
ȿһۣ漴ҲѸٵĳ׹ܣΪɵóȴɽˡ֪һƺҶйأʱȴҲ֤ݡ
ֳѾȫƣȴҶ뿪ղѾֻ˾ܿͻо˴һС
ǻصԼĳӱʱҶʵôĺڵľҲǺܿװ
⻰Цŵ˵ģǿֳ֮󣬱㲻ҲһУǵľ鷳
Ҷͷ¶Ҳùܣܸ㶨ġҲѾﺮٻôҲÿˡ
һ·ϼζѯҶʲôģô߳ҽڸֲ֤һص˳˽УͺýúٻǣԽԽŪˡ
С㣬ôңˣһѳֲסΪڰʾӦҪʲôġҶһЦĴ˼
ȲŭЦðھȥҵҪսж١
ҶˣЦһ˵㣬Сܷˡ
Ҵ㣬ҲŲҪռء鲻ٻٻ͸˵ҴȥμһۻᡣͻȻ˵
Ҷͷȷ߸˺ٻҲֻ˼ѡؿƿܹİһЩ
ֱӰȥٻţҶΪϰٵֱ˰ĹʡԼǵнˮǲˡ
˹˾ȾͿųԼ뿪ˣҶ³͵õСĽ
СҶʵҶ磬椵ܲܽ̽Ұ
Ҷ̲סһЦСӣ椣
ǵģʵҺϲ̨Ǹ񣬾ҸŮѡСһЦ
ŶԭϲСǳУӦúҲŶ԰ɡҶĵ˵
Сԣ̾ʹӿڴͳ˵ܰҶǼʶģٶ㣬ͺ֮ܲС϶ϵġ
СӵǺͻСǸŮСӵҲ̣ҶЦЦˣøȥҪˣͰСǰԼ䡣
ллҶ硣Сһͣ˾ͷ˷ܵתˡ
ҶεҡҡͷСӿ湻ġӹľǿģһУϵĵȴɳصѹ봭С
뵽֮ǰڼҿˣҶûбҪúõһԼǲۻˡ
ص˼ң͹šǰ£΢һָͿʼѸٵڼûţܿͽǸʱεӰ˳
˿ȻΪҶǸɺڿ͵ģΪЩ϶ϸƵģΪ˷ֹ˾Щ¼Ϣȥ£Щ֮ͻ̱Ǻٻˣ˭޷Щϡ
ҶȴͬԼҵһɵľ͸㶨롣زһ棬ȷһ˵˷Ŵ
鿴²һֻٻų֣ǴʲôԼģⲻ̫ܡһĹӶٻᵽִѵʲôıĻ֪ģ
ʱ˽Ҷص˵ԡֻҪ֣Ҳ£Ըֻһɺϣ߶Էֻȼٵġ
칫Ϊ⣬°װͼ飬ٻȫ̼ලȵʱ򣬲ŷⶼѾ쵽ˡ
еĺٻӳóмڣһ¶ٻȥ
ʱ칫űˣҶе΢Ц˵ϱ£;ˡʲôʱܹȥ׼Ͱ
ٻޱ룬ֱҶԾվֱ壬ûʱʰںӣҶһȥ
Ҷһ·϶˵ЦϧòԱŮĻӦ
ôˣ˾ѵб鷳ˣҶЦܺģֹͣɵΪ
ٻҡҡͷûУʲôʱϵôˣʲô
ϱڳԴ𣿷ĺˣҵУƯ㣬˵Ҳ㣬ں˻㡣Ҷ
ص㡣ٻԼҶʱһˣȻܹ룬Ǹ漣
ҶЦЦҳԷô򵥡
ٻüͷʶôˣһֱ֪аһˣܾûǸˣֺҶߵôѵҶ˺øУ
ƫͷûеˣĲ֪Ҷﵽʲôر֮ôŮϲ
صңٻ³ȥˣҶүһɳϿӳˮ
ųǳ˵Ҷһȡ˴ɱɱӣʵƽķ˾ðݡ
ϧл¹ͨ˵ĺֵܺȴûֻˡ
һ뵽췢飬Ҷ͸оͷʹѣֲʱһˮݵǰ
ٻӳʱ򣬾ͿҶʹıԴΪʲô飬æˮ
ٻҶʱ;ˣ΢΢һЦƦƦ˵ϱڹҺøжͻȻûǷһǰɡ
ٻܵĵϣ˿̵Ȼ޴ˡһ˵ˣǴ㲻ˮͷһš
Ҷˮ⻰ʱһǺȡٻ۽ǳһĨЦ⣬תͼسæȥˡ
Ҷƫͷ뿪ıӰа̾ŮˣҲѾ۸˰ͻȻΪͬĬΪŮ
ڶҶȥܣ˳û˽ıֻֽǣûпһǽܾץ˷ı
üͷȼȻ˵᲻ӣΪʲôýȴһϢų
ʱ򣬺ٻѾˣվĥ䣬컹Ҫ۹𣿡
ȥ׼ʻȢţɲȫˡҶ¥ѱֽϡ
ڿʲôأٻֽȴЩš


038 
ٻղҶĿͣһҳֽʱϵıúܹŹ֡ΪһҳǽпĴ͹棬ģǰ˵ķȷм
Ҷﻻ·ʱͷֺٻı֣ߣڡʶΪѵԼûã
ͷȥŷԼź룬ûκβԵĵط̧ͷȥԷȴǴһֹŹֵ̽Ѱ
ҶﻵһЦϱôһľôע磬ʵǸж㳿˶潡
⻰һ㺮ٻǲ̫ġǽȴĵ˾䣺ȷ𣿡
仰һٻ͵뿪ˣһܵҶһվ
ٻĻʲô˼һٸȷԼĺаΪʲôٻͻȻһ䣬ӸղıƺڿЦ
Լʲô飬ȻΪԼˣֱĿӵ
ȵĿпԼղŵ籨ˣ籨ǵĻ
ѹֺٻŹˣǰΰȫˡ
ȻڳΪһ¡ȿȡãϵĻҾˡ
ٻһؿһ˵ûҪ˵Ͼ˽
ûëҹһСʱҲûġҶбҪ¹ϵ˵ԺŮǰ̧ͷ
Ǻٻȴƺ϶ʵȻҶҲһЩԶΪݹʶôûĸŮ˷ʲô
ҲѹΪʲôദôãȴܹȻԭԭܹƽôá
Ҷȴһ㶼˵ã¶治ܿЦȫģҪôŻأ
ΪڵĹϵҲ£һ£ǾͿԽ⿪ˡ
ٻȴ˵ʵڿƼôƵĻһȬ⣬һġ
Ů治ɰҶڷˣҪͺٻ˵ģȻ˵ˡ
ʱѾ˹˾ŽСͿĵĺҶʾáٻ˶ҶС˵ëͿȥƣõ˼Ůһ
˳Ŀ⿴ȥҶˣʲôúٻǸСʲôģŮ˵˼Ǻܸӣ䷳ոβܹԼء
˹˾ҶｫСеǰԸ˼䣬빫˾ףһʲôʶˣٿɵˣ̴绰֪ͨ
СȻ֪ʲô飬ҶݵĶżôȻ˵ʲôǶԵģ˵ʲôǾģԸĻȻҪ
Ҷ˼ңתϴ˯˵ûµʱϢʱɵϰߣΪһϸĹӶʱΪִԼ켸ҹ˯
Ϊʱܹ㹻ľͻ״ǻץһпϢʱ䣬
ûãʹͬѰҶüͷѭķȥ
ſڣŷٻŵĹ˾ſڱᣬΧԱ۷׷ףС˹Ҷ磬ˡ
أˣûСشҶ㿪ʵЩҵĳ棬ϻԱֺ壬ķ
в˻ڼͷҶŭһʲôøʲôʲôȥѵ˾۰Եģ
ںˣЩͷļһ˱ᣬһڨڨضԼĸλ
ʱС˿ղɢ˰ȺǺЧȻżҶ繻
СҲɣѸղľҶұúſڵģһͣ˹˾ſڣչҾͳȥ˰ѳӿߡ˭֪ͻȻˣһץסң⼸˾ͳŴſ˺ᣬȻǾͿˡ
Ҷʵƺأû˼𣿡
ƺƺǼٵģӦԤıжСʱҲرעƺţϱĹǼٵġ
Ҷ˵ͷС֪ͨСѸ๤ЩȻٻ칫ȥ
ߺٻڴͻȻߺ˵ҶҪ˷ˡҶֱӴ˰칫ҵţԺٻ˵˾ſڷӦû֪бҪһѾǷˡ
ٻһ㶣ͣеıʵ棬ҲûеʲôˣΪʲôҪңʲô
ڹ˾˺ᣬӦ֪˭ɵģҺɫѪǵ˼ףٲ˳ǵ⣬´ξˡ
ٻһֱʹ䵽˵ϣҶ߹ȥϵĸֱʷŵϣʵãʱˣЩ㲻ӦټˣĲ֪ΰźá
칫ܳĬ֮ٻ˵ʵ顣
ԭҶ֮ǰҪٻš麮ٻȻǲԸģԱϴʾܾˡ
Ǵʱʼ˾һЩǲ˳ҲֻΪõĹϵһʵ飬òϣ˹ⰵе
ɺٻֻһͨˣôҲû취Щϵȥִ¶Ҳ͸ϵ˽Ҳû
û뵽ھȻ˵ĿŵѵҪӦתٻţ
Ҷ֮ȴüͷΪٻʲôر֮Ƿǵ˴µĵõӦûбʲô档
ϧʱ䲻һҲ˽⡣ٻ˵ЩϢһˣ֪ıȺٻҪϸ
Ƿģôô죿Ҷʵ
ٻʵһĬȥƷǸͨŮôܹЩɵ֪δ
ʲôȫûõģڷô󣬿¾ǱҲ׶¡
ҶѾٻΪѣͷ˵Ȼ߱㣬ҾͲܲܣİɣһһ鷳ġ
ٻЩжǷʵ̫Ҷװ㻹ǱˣҴ˳Զٷʲôк͵İ취ǲҪô
Ů湻棬ҪõٻţǱȻʹưոݣθôˣҰͨҲܴѾⱳ˶ٵΣ
̸еԽУôһȥʲôҲԱ㡣Ҷͷȥ̽̽ԷʵҲǺбҪģնԷǸʲô̬ȡ
ҶĻúٻźܸжԴӸĸˣҲ治żңʹûб˹Ĺ
ʱемǸŵĴ磬ٸҶҲе˿ȴԼΣյʱȣһ֤ǸˡٻһĨҲǼ黹ܹһ¡
ҶﻹҪԺͬͬҲͬҪڡ˺ٻһЩ飬˰칫ңͳֱֻӲͨȵĵ绰绰սͨȵĵϷӴϡ棬ʱ绰ңĪˣ


039 Ż
ҶͷߣŮ˵ûһСȴϲڱռˡһţȻָᶮСǸʲô硣
С㣬Ѻٻģ˵ʲô֪Ĺ˾вͨζž档ٲʵңҿɲ֪δƺ󡣡ҶҲϻֱ⡣
ͷĬã˵飬Ҳûãֲͨ
ðɣȻôҲֻÿʮСʱĸźٻʲôΣաѵģ滳ǲǳְ
Ҷô˵Ϊ˼ŭȣѾȷǾȻҲ֪ҪõٻŵĻ
ȱ˵úΣ̷㶮ʲô֮ͲҪˣȻ˱ٻġ
ȣôҴţΪҾͲ֪ľˣҶúС˵
˵ʲôˣҿѪƬˡҲһͨŮƺôɻء
ҶȴᣬǰͨŮ˻֪׹ܵͨ˵ıǹҵǺ棬ЩѵǼٵģ
ôĶȵô棬ҪƳ˵֪ࡣ
ɲὫе齻ȥٻĿǰ˵ȫĿꡣ
ƿԣ˵ЩǼٻҶʱ˵ЩһΪȷ֤ݡƱȥȷûʲôá
ðɣȻ㷢ˣҾ͸ˣʵǸǹǰǹģǸǹӦְҵǿ԰ǹ֤ġ
˵Դ䣬Ҷȴ֪Ůû˵ʵ˼Ҳ˵ʵҲô
Ҷ˵ðɣ˵ڸʵݣ˵Թ۵Ŀźٻٻв
ǻô죿òҪǹƥȥԸЩɷ֮ɡ֮ЩǶԸ˵ģҲԽôһˣɲܹһݡ˵ص㣬ҵ˵绰
Ҷ֪ȵĻǶԵġϾǸɣİڵж˲ö֪һܹǿ󣬾˵ǲ򵥡ľͲֹ⵵£ܹײãܹ׽˶֣ǵǵľûû˵鷳
ҲҵһЩȷ֤ݣþòվٻİȫ
ҶЩ뷨ܶ࣬ǵźٻһȥ˷ˣ˽һЩ֮¶ᡣ
ص˼ңѸٴ򿪵ԣǾԼӦܹͨˣκκٻǲҪ鷳ҲͲòʲôˡ
Ҷ̨ªĵԱдһθӴ룬ֱӴ˽еľϿ⡣ôΪܹ˽еֲҪʱ赶ɱ˻˺ҲҪġ
ҶʮСģ֮ǰѾúۼĴ룬ֻҪϿ⣬Ǳ˷֣ҲѸٵĳˣҲκεIPۼ
ʮ֮еݶǰֻ˾ܵʵͦģͷֱ˷ѰңܿҵһرļС
һļֱǷá֪Ӧþеĵֲˡ
Ǵ˷ļУͳ˺ܶݣзĹǵļǰһƬǸˣ˱硣
ȻǷˣֻǲ֪Ҫٻʲôļ˶̫ʶҶȴѾʼǿЩˡ
Ȼڻòţû׼ʲôʱˣͿǰҶ򵥵Ĺ˷ϡ
ﲻ˽𣬶һСŮҲǸ޶İˡ
ϴͷһûб¼ڰҲ֪ǲǹġͷǸ׸ʮˡ
Ӿ֪Ƣ𱬣Ǹϲȭͷˡ΢ɨһ»ֻ漰ȭ͵¶ĳԼɱ˽סҲ˵ɱҶüͷ
֮ǰɱҪԸٻǴȭѵҪԸٻĲǷлֻк
鷳ˣһȥһģ뻢ıƤĻôĶ֪
ѰһãɵϴȴǼ¼ڰġϴȪǸ˹˹ĵˣĵҶЦ˳
ȻǸҽĲʿȴ֪Ϊʲô˰ϴ󡣲ǼȥȻĻӣɾûôˡ涾һѾ֤ǲʲôöˡ
ϸ˿ңǱػɵĶ󣬻ʣһҲǸ캦ġ
ʱƺǱ˷Ե飬ڱдһγ¾͹ص˵ԡ
鵽Ķ˵ٵĿ϶ǻбĶûм¼ȥҲǲͺɷͻģЩƬҲֻǹ鵵û˴ȥԸǡ
Ҷһ໰һžͰߵһŵߵſڡʱñ˴򿪣һӾߵ˶Էǰվֱˤ˸ſ
ӴҶ磬ǸأСԼԩҶͨ籨ţ³
Ҷ״һЦվ߹ȥ˴ӵʵǸأ
Ҷ磬͵͵ģǸҺˡСæƵİ߸Ҷ
Ҷһ㶣˵⺫ǺйϴβűôңھȻҲ꣬ڶԷҵٻ֮ǰȥ̽̽ڷС
뵽ҶСļһ̲ټСĤݵĿҶ뿪Լװ˵ˤ飬Ķ۰
Ҷڵݴ֮ǰ˺ǰһִֻںļϣǳѺõĴкֶôҲȥǱߴк
ɫ˵Ҷ̫֣ΪҶԸ𣿡
Ŷ£ĺܺ°Ҫ˼ôҶһƤЦֱӽǿӲקקԱߵİȫͨź
ͨû˵ģҶһȭͷͲźĶǽϡΪܱȴźͰ׵Цݣıﲻһ
ʲôʶҶȭͷҪһֻаķݰ
Ҷ΢΢һЦһֹؽڣһȭĺܺãû˵Լֱȴȭͷĺ졣
СӸͲǸֵģȻŵЩˡҶȴЦĸУ˻С
Ҷȭ㳯Լҹ̱۾Ҫ
ҪǺãġҶ΢΢һЦ˦־͸ƣ۵λ˻ûõĴүֱӶڵϣŵĶˡ
ƾʲôô۸ңû㣬̫ˡŮƵöڵϣѾ˿ǻ
ŻĲˣҶʵðɣ˵۸㣬ȻѾ֪ˣǾ˵˵Ϻĸ׵ʲôƻҺٻʲôĿģ
Ȼû˵Ҷȭʱæ˵ȵȣ˵Ҷ˵ˡ
ܲҶֱԴֻܰҺٻĿ˵ԭ첻պٻ̬ȣȻ󣬵̽ԪϼôܹôŮ۸ˡ
ҪٻƵٻϼŽһϣڸ㷿زĺ˵ĻһȡԱȽ̼ңٻž֮һ


040 ɵϺ
ƫƫѻҵ覴Ʒٻ˵һ鷳öӺͺٻ̸УǺٻԸ޸ա
ٻִԲҪʹֶΣٻһֽ״浽ԺȥʵҶף϶ǺֽţɳԿĵٻţһϷͥٻŻĴԾͻ᲻ֶߡ
ʱٻź̼Ҿͻᵣ⣬ڶЩäߣ˭ҵĶãȻǳų⡣ʱ۵ٻŵӪ
ϺȻʽݶİҶеˣ޳֮ˣúýѵԲȭͷ
֮һ˴ӰȫڵĴ˳ȴٳٲֱϵʱ๤ĿһŶ̿ı¶ٻ˳ȥ
ĺ٣ҶֱӰ£Ȼ̿㡣ͺò¥ݼ˺üСʱǱ˿ΪǱһ档
ĺͶҶ֮ˣһصҾԼĸ߿࣬һҪ취ŪҶ
ߣдҶﵽʲô·ȻҰҶôң̫ˡ꺫֮󣬴
֣Ҷʵ̫ˣôңһٴζһҪұ𰡡Ѿ·ɻһϢûС
쿴ݰӣҲգ뵽ô۸ĺӣлһ˿ĹâúȥԼȥ鷿
˼绰ͨһ롣ܿͷʹ
ι
磬ʵ̲ȥˣǸҶСҶ۸ĺܲҡ㲻취ǺֻعǶԸٻŵ飬ҿΪˡ
Ļ֪ϲŭƽʵô˼вˣ
в磬ֻǾüȻͬһͲܿѱһС۸ˡɱһ˶˵ʲô¶ɡѾֶԸٻǳѾͷ㲻취ǸС϶˳ġ
һСôһ£漴˵ˣҲˣúðҰ£С飬һȥһµġ
õĴ𰸣ȻõĹҶ˵绰ҪǸϲQĳС֮أʱ򿴿ô۸Ķӡ
綢ŵ绰ãһߵǰʵ磬ʲô飿
ûʲô⺫Ȼҳвң⻹ͷһ顣Сӵȷǰëˡȥһ£ٻŵıҶѸٰϸù
磬С¾Ͳͷ˰ɣֵ˽´ɾˡ˵
輸ϵĸ߽űһںƲ˵ֻǺ棬ʲôˣܹѺϺŭˡ
ǡ
Ҷﻹڵźٻ°࣬Ů˲֪ǲƴͶ̥ʱ䶼Ѿˣȴڰ칫¥˼
ҶԸȥȫ¥ԼǴڴϢźٻæꡣһСҪʱľһ߶ѸٵתԲһ˼һ
İǺܹǵģҶˣͻȻо֮ʹ˽
Ҷͷû̧ɳžֱһǰʣҶ
Ҷ̧ͷˣſ֣ܹϳ˭𣿻᲻еϷˣ
΢΢һЦʱҲѾ⿪ˣ٣󹦸ɣ̻ǲġ
Сӣˣǲǣ˼ҶԼȻǺˡ
ʱվ˵Բλ磬ղŹŽˣ˵ʲôܲ˵һ飿
ϻʲôҿСӣƬһģһ֡һƬҶȻһ£
˹ϵĶˣҶ״һ䣬Щ˻ǲûϵȻ˼Ҫ֣Ҳ̫˲ǡ
ܿҶһֳֻɳĿһԾһߣֱŶ˵ĺȥ
ҪǷַӵ飬ŪЩ˵˭ġ
ԾӵģϵĹǺܲǱҶôߣҲֻǵ
ܿǾֵ̬µĳҶ﷢Щ˵ȭر𣬲ʱеĽȭȭôӦǻĵ
ϧֻ̫ȭеоһŲ֪ۿҪˣɲñ˿ȫװһȭһŶȫȻ˶ʱĽڽڰˡ
ǲ˼ֵǣڶӶĺܣȴҲ磬Ǿͱ鲻öǶˡ´鷳ԣǧǶӶˡƢͲá
ҶֱһһȭǴˣҲǶ˼߹ǣȻѸٵĽӵ˹˾ĴͰһҵ·ص˴
ʱĸոպãѾϻصһ¥ҶµغǴ˸кںٻʱҲǳˡ
ϱҶӶˣԼԣҲܹŰϹ
ٻҶʱŭ˵죬ٺ˵˵ûĳԣһͼʰɡ
ҶԶʱίıͣȵ֮ͣҶҪԿףʼӽһ顣ɲ͹ޡȷûκ⣬úٻϳ
ֵľٶٻЩɻ󡣲Ҷȴڵǵϱ׷̫࣬һҪڳӵʲôط˾ϲһ³çƻ˶ԷĴüƻ
ٻһûˣܻҲˣھȻʼˡ
ϮҶȻǲߺٻģ캫飬Ҳˡ֮ںҵҲͷΣˡ
ٻƺƣ˳ûãڸʻ˯ˡҶ￴˯Ϊһϧ˯üͷĬ̾СŮ˵ļϵȷǱ̫صĵӡ
ЩԹ𺮾ˣиôҪãﻹҪɹӶһУⲻǴ
Щ۵Ҷ׸ϣҽ¶ȵů
ٻʱ򣬷Ҷ¥ʱŴһͷ˵Ϊʲôң
ϱǿ˯̫ˣóѶⲻͱءҶû
ٻʱϱסˡ
ֻҪǸŮˣԼòǶʮֽģҶô˵ȻǴٻĵߡ
ҲΪӵЦ֮ձúгٻȥϴּϴ˸ų͡
Ҷеˣɴ͵˸ԣںٻˡ
ܲܳȥĵطô㣬ҶһվתĵطС
ɴҶĽǶȴȫǲһģٻӺܽСټĳ棬ôе̫СˣվܹԵúг
Ҷڳְţٻ˵˼ζûã㲻ٹˡǲ֪ǲЩĲɣڳ¹ʱ򣬲Сı͸һ¡
Ҷ״æֵˮͷ³ϴ˿̶վĺܽҶ˼Ѻٻ˻ĵĹͻ᲻ļû
ˣſҡٻ̫ã˵


041 
ҶﲻĻˮ˵ĵط¡֪ǲ׽ȶɢȥܿϾͻݣصĻá
ôƯһˣΪ˶̣ˣĲ̡ŮԼкĵǹа磬ȴûз֡
ٻҪƿϧ˵־͸ǯƵãץסȫ޷ѡ
ָо˾úܲٻɫԽԽ䣬ҲԽ𾢡ͻҶһε̾Ϣ
ϱĥˣǵĻҾҪǣֱӳֻСˡҶڿЦ޿ˣŮ˾Ǹ˲õĥ˾
ٻҶĺ˵˵˼ʱˡڶ˵һƺҪǹ߻ʱͻȻиվ˳ſڡ
Ӵǲǻʱ䣬ôͰ¶ˣ֪ʲôʱȵ٩
֪ǰ鲻ôһ¶ȴϲô˵úٻǰٿĪˡ
ȣҡٻΪͣ˵ô㴭Ϣ
͸ʹۺˣʱȴ߹ȥ˵ٻٻĲˣ˽ɣô˼Ұæ˵Ҫ۸أǰ۸
ҶЦˣȾн˱ı¡ҶٻָӦûˣɿ֡
ٻͬܵŵСһ㣬ܵȵҶʲôʮһ
ȻûڣҶ˫Ͷ״λŮҷʲôûղֻΪ˰˵˿ڣҲдԺҿ¾ͶԵûκˡ
֪ҶǸʲôˣҲͺٻһĺ۸ֺƭûôϵȹǰҪ̱ƹģ˭֪ղˮͷ˺ܶˮڵϣµ൱ʪ
Ⱥ޷ôȵ˴שˮգʧȥĵʱ򣬺ٻȥȴһѡ
ȾʹһԲTţȿ㡣·Ĺյ൱ȻڻƽҲ˵Ŀˡ
˿̳վ̨ǰҶ˹ȥ˵˸ܽӴȵĴײҶ°ͣ˶ʱʹһ
ʹݣϾ϶ǱȲ²ǿӲġҶΪײ̨Ļϣʹ治һġ
ȵȻعʱҶһ仰ǣȣҵʲộԺעΪҵרְˣⱲһһֱġ
ײͷۻСӻҿڳԣп˵ҲҶûа취ϾȷԼСײĻġ
ʱҶԼ°ͣ΢Ц˵ȣ֮ǰԵǳɡ
ô֪ʶס͡
ҶﻵЦ˵ʵҲͦϲģ´һ¡
ҶӲ𣿡ʱٻ˵Ŀˣ޳ܣղŻ͵ռıˣȴֺңװŮ˵ʲôˡ
¹ԼĶӣҶ˰ٵ˵ϱûⶼǰ𣿡
ٻﲻ֪ΪʲôҲȥ׷𰸣ֻǵ˵ͻȻҪԼ׼ɡ
ٻˣҶЦĿȣŮ¡
ǰɣҲЦĺҶͷʱ̰˵СʲôᣬǲԻͷ³ɡ
Ů˶ˣһүǵﴵ磬֮£ҶֻԼ֡
ʵʲôĶһǰʮ궼˵ĲʲôҶȽһǸᶯֵġ
ʮ֮ʳˣζҶȻľȻ棬ʱҵʲôóԵģô棿
ҶӾͳ߳Ի˵ܹǶˣû棬⻹Ǹǰʱȥ͵͵أˡ
˭˵Ҳˡ̺Լ롣
ʱٻҲ鷿ˣҶȻֻûӪ棬ʵЩԼû
ǳԵô㣬Ҳ߹׼ҶȵĳԷʽǼֱ̻ʣŮĳռһ߶
֮ºٻԷ˹Ķˡ
ȼٻССڳ棬˵ٻٻ治ԵģôڴڣȻһ˾Ͳóˡ
һ֪Сһγ棬Ȼûʲô顣ô˵ӿٶȣҲŴ͡
̫̣һ̵̲ס࣬ŷ硣ҶϽ˱ˮڵ߱ʾػ
ϱôǲеģһҪǺͻܲģȺȵˮɡʣµԲ꣬ҿ԰ԡ
ںٻĵط̧žͳߡҶ⧲ƺһ㲻Ŀ
ȳһС˵ĶҶǳ˸Ϊ˧ۣ׵Ȳε
ٻˮ͸оõˣҶ˳ĺ󱳣Żصλȥ
һٷԵĲײ࣬ٻѾ¶ģԺ⣬ԲҶ³ʳƷԶǶ岻õġ
Ҷ׼ɢɫѾȫһй䣬ʵҲڹ۲ܵȻ˶ҪʯˣҲ֤ΣǱڸˡ
ܵΣճȥõİ취ȱΧİȫһȦûзκβԾĵطҶƵĹ˻
յԺ͸о˿Ĳʿ̫࣬ľȻǸ˲٣ڶԷԼ֮ǰѾתߣ֮ͽ˸ڵء
Ҷѹ¶Էʱ򣬾֪ǸŮģһ£ǲܿǵνŮбֻĸѡ
ʱԷſڵϣҶһֻסԷ˫ʱ÷β
ԵĴУҶüͷ΢һŮ˾ŭ𣬡Ҷ쵰ҡ
Ҷһ㶣漴վ˴ӵһ˵ӴŮô˯͵Ϯ磬ʲô𣿡
ޣ²£ĴӺ㣬˭֪㻹ˡûҸ첲ˡ
˦ʹĸ첲ʵǺҶݣϴκһСжȻûۼҶﶯֱ֣Ϊһеɺ϶ɺϣһҶﰵжʲôֽš
ҪҶ̸̸ģҶﱻʱ򣬾̲סҪ̽һ֣Ȼ˺ҶķӦֿɲһܹȵϵġ
ҶٺһЦ̫ƽĻȥ˯ȴᣬֱסȥ·ѯݡ
С㣬㶼˵ϹĸǸǹҲԺܸظ㣬ҾǸɱġҶˣƤӡ
ŭٶȳȭҶϮҶû֣֪Ȼм湦ģղ֮еأҲվλñȽռϷѡ
ȳȭҶȴûлֻ֣һζ㣬ڿλ֪ҶǹⲻԴ򣬶ʱƢ㵽ʲô˼Ҵһô
Ҷε˵С㣬ǲ˰Ĳ⣬ҿɾҪˡ
ۼҶһ˫ֳزϮһһշ


042 Ů
֪ŮĿڲһϿ첻µزµģʵһ㾭鶼ûСҶﵱȻҪȻֻһУ׼ʱȴȻţһӾͰѶԷˡ
Ҷ޳أ˭֪žͱ˰һ£ѸٳǰȥҶǰֱײĻС
ιι˧ˣҲôĿŵ˹ôҲ΢е׼
ʱҶǰıһײ۵˼㣬ʱһž͵
Ӧһײ˱ǵʱ򣬺׾ͻӷᣬҲǵֱӲӦԭ
ƿҶĨᣬǽԼ˶ЬЬɶʱɿ˶֪Ҷ˽ŵ£һƣĲˤȥ
æ֮䣬ץסҶһ첲ֱקҶһ˵ϡҶֲСķǰ棬סȵǰ
ڶӵ֮£Ҷֻоһʶıѣ漴ڳȵĶ̾
ˤеۣҶ׼ߣ־ס˶Էӣι¶ûꡣ
Ҷһ㶣˵绹ˣ˻ΪҪʲôء
Ը񲻷䣬ڱҶ֮ȻвҶһЩѵ̧ϥǾ׼ĵطһŮ˵Ϊ̧ȵʱץסȵϸȣѹϡ
ɵˣ˿̿ǴںܲλãҶ⶯ôеҪֻµơҪԷٰɣ
뵽ƴҪӶԷѳһһߺʲôأ֣
ҶﱻôһѣȻȻƣҲڵδ
ߺԼΪʲôҶ۸ˡֻϣһ̫֣ſԼźá
ҶҲǾöŮ˴³ķ񣬱ɿ֣ѹϧŮԲģһɾϮˡ
ҶҲǲ֣ҲʲôˣҪǳ̫ضԼ϶ᵹù
ȺŭҶƺϷˣһÿΪԼлԶԸʱܻĶȥ
ʱһԽԽͷҲԽԽ֪ءҶôûû˵ĴȥҲǰ취ɴ͸Ů˽ѵˡ
ڶԷȹʱһֻѸץסĽףһֻϥǴûһ£Ҳ֪ĶʱȾ;ýŽһ飬˶վסˡ
Ҷ˳һһ̧ȶλˡҶ￿ȣʱղѣʱʱӶҲסˡ
ιſҡҲܣҪԼԺܺãǶҪʹˡ
Ҷ͹ȵ壬ҪǲеĻҲҿЦҪʰƺ
ȣŮģ͵ɣҺˣѵϢɶû𣿡
˵ûô׽ڸң㵽ʲôˣһ㡣
ʱһҲûԼʲô⣬ҶһֳֻסĽףҲԸģ˭С̫꣬ſԼֵýӦ
ҲǾò˵˵ȷſңٺú˵𣿡
ᰡҾƺܲ벻ܹڳƣԺѿɾиˡҶͻȻһЦ
ϾһԼõˣѧ٣赸٤ŮӣȻǲġ
ȼЦţ뵽˼ʱ࣬ŭ˵һôô޳ܣٲҾͶ㲻ˡ
а绹֪ҪζҲҶʵҲû˼ȶ죬˿̷ֱĳе쳣Ѿȣ׼ȥ˯ˡ
ϧȲ֪ЩֳһĨ˲оͶ˰СɵذסҲǿҶ˵ţҪԼ
ɵҶ￴Ů˾Ȼ׼ʹҲĿЦˡͳôĿ𣿶ҪõԸˡҲҪһŻһǱ߶
ҶϮʱӳ£ʱҲҶſϣ˻֮˫ʱȫˡ
ذȥҶʹſԼΪʲôȴſϣ黹ûʹ˽ȷ֮ʣҶͻȻϥһöȵ⴦
ʱǰذ״˦ѣҶһתȱڻУһ˵ʱذ׾ͷ˳ȥ
һжҶ˽ǶȺ;ģذײƫеľǳǸ˶صĵط˹ȥ
ʱָıҶסɲϲշĻˣοҶڻ߲ѣղŵľٶôⶼһɫǵΪ
޿ˣðˤΣգ̧žҪҶؿȥϧҶѾһתȷŵڵأͻȻͷ
̬ôҶҪԼʱҲ֪ǲӻˣľȻǱ۾ȴ
Ⱳ˵飬ΪһҶͲҪһֱӴȵ˹ȥǸεķ˹ȥ
ٶ̫죬Ǹ˵ٶҲҶ׷϶ԷǸӰѾѸٴǽͷˡ
һҶ׷ǽͷ˵ϵѪԿ϶ǸӦǱذ˵ˣֻǶԷȻ򵥣˵жܹ磬֪жˡ
ҶҲģϾҲǸԷһ棬Ժʲô˶Ҳδü𰡡
ȵ˰춼ûȵһ۾ŷԼɵһڲݵϣҶȻܵǽͷȥˣʱõ
ҶʱҲǽѪʱʧɫô£
Ҫ̽ʵûϵѾ˵ʱˡҶ˵
ʱȵıȴԵúأƺ˼ʲôʱҶͻȻ˵ˣŮղǲڴҵǰʵʱܶ࣬
׵ذȥ㡣ȶôһ仰Ȼ뿪ˡ
Ҷͷ˿µĵ棬ڼʵҪǵذɡŮ˵Ϳ涾
һǰһĻصȴ֪ǸղԺЩȫվڴڵĺٻš
˿̵ı䵭Ҳ֪һθ롣Ҷʱȴֻıǰ׻ܹάֶ೤ʱ䡣
֮ʧˣרҵʧٻٻҶѾֲˡ
·׼ϳʱ򣬺ٻĳȴһˡҶ̲סں溰ϱһûϳء
ٻҲֱӽӿԶˡҶҪǲ֪ŮˣͰ׻ʮˡ
֣춼ûɧôôƢѵڵˣҶаû㳵ֻܹˡ
ٻڵضΣǸߵһĳ⳵Ͳ


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Ҷʮһ·֮⣬ľûİ취ˡҲõȳαлӡ
Ҷ￴ͥʵ·ٶȺܿ죬ߵ·ֱ߲Уһֹ·ߡ
ʹӿеٶȣһųӴҶ߾һҶﳵ
ǵһ·ڵʱȻ֣ҶﾹȻִ߾˺üأʱͣ³סҶȥ·
ȷе˵ԸסҶŵ˫ȷʧصҶǰ
磬ŹҰɡһᣬһûнŮأҲûϴѧһкܶûͱץҵˣ˷ڵҸֽǮͺˡ
ҶĿɿڴԼǰ޵Īһ䣬꣬û°ɣҪȥԺ𣿡
һʱ˳ܣɽгҪˡ
һܹظϵĳԼǰײҲǺġ
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ҶѸٵɨһŮ˵ΧȻڻƽһӯһ̫ݡ
ģӦҲȥɣҶȴȥæû˭ȥһ¡
ŮڿҶʱȴɵܵǰסȥ·
վסŮſ˫֣Ѹپסȥ·
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ҳêˣܰҿ𣿡Ů˵ϸģȷ˹ֵı졣
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㣡Ů˾ɲĿҶȻԼȻʧˡ
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ۿҶﳤȥŮͳֻ˸绰˵ʧܣ˲򵥡
ˣɣзִ硣ͷ˵֮͹Ҷ˵绰
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۾ã۾ʱüͷ²޼СԲܹˣиѪѹȵ񾭡Ϊʲôڲŷ飬һ׽ġ
ҶС˵ģԼҿֵ磬ȥ¶Σˡ
ʵСͷǰܹʲô𣿡
⻰СϵЦһð˵ŶСʱ򱻸״ǺǰˡôҶ磿
ѹˣͷʵ㸸׻𣿡
СҡͷϳǻƱײˡҶ磬ܲЩ𣿡
ÿ˶һ£ҶҲôԣҪСһ£ȻֻöԷӵ䡣
һЦתƻ⣬ʵҾðɣ޳ĺҪڰ˳䡣
СȴЦˣҲˣʵһ˿Ȼ֡ǻҰǴҴ裬ҶʵҲûĸ顣
ҶʱѾͳһϢСϣСڳĵĻ棬΢ʹûע⵽
Ѫ飬˵СҲţҶɴǣСű飬ǳĵĽǸѪ鳹ܽˡ
ĸأҶֹͣٶʵ


044 
֮УСֻоԼƺʹ˼£Ǻܿû˸оȵ˵Щ飬𽥵ľȻ۾˯ˡ
ȵʱߵ״̬Ҷ˿Ҫ֪ʵ鷳СƣǾǲܵģС˯˵
ѾȫʧȥʶҶѾͷϵǼȫ˳ǲѪٻĵطѸٵõ⡣
⿴ףʵȴҪҶ󲿷ֵ϶һǹؼβҼá
̸ʮͷǽ̸ҪԼ۵ע֮ϣܹﵽľ磬ֱӹϵʱ䳤̡
βǸ׵飬յûʲôݾߵġǷ⣬ܻôЩֲţϲֶﵽݾЧ
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ҶƾԼжϣҵѪĴλã룬ֻһ룬ֵʱеע֮ϡ
ͼôһͿʼԿƵѸٻζҶȴΪĹȣһԵϡ
ԴӱҶﵯôһ£ͺǻһ㣬һֱеʽҶ￴ԱߵĹӣ͵ʲôʱ롣
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Ҷﶼ룬ҲúٻӪ˾ô꣬ûз飬ٻ͹ˡ
˻ǴƵ֮󣬺ٻһҪߣհԿ׽ͯҶȴͻȻסԼĻдһѡ
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ٻҪ浽ʲôʲôʱ˻鿪ЦһҶѾµɿղи˴߾
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Σյ˳ڻǴƵĵطһ¾Ҫ顣˼ҪҪͺٻ룬ǵһ⵽Ų飬ֺͷ˼棬ǲ̫
ٻĪתҪ뷹꣬ȴûҶֻվԭص
ϱǻǱȥ˰ɡ


045 Դ
˼ĽǣҶΣամȾڵɱ飬úٻԶȽϺá
ɺٻ֪ЩΪҶĵң̲ס߹˵ô£˵ֲȥǹҪô
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죬ʲôٻʱ˵粻ҾģǧҷʲôͷΧ飬ҲɨسţԶǰ
úݵģҶĿźٻֱԷͷƤ飬ʶƿҶſ˵ʲôûѵ㿴ʲôˣϱʲôˣ
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ٻ׻ǲҶװֱӽĻ׳ˡȣǾֻǼ򵥵ĹжѣȻżҲòռˡ
ٻ¥ϰһжȥˣЦ˵ϱ̫жˣԭڳԴװҺʲôۣŲ̫ǣұ͵Ϯ˻䣬Ծͺ˼С

֪ģСľͻ˷һЩܵ֫嶯ʵҾãϱҲӦҪѧϰһΣգԱҪҽ𣿡
ҶëԼǻȴѾҪˡٻȴûôúŪĶһȵᣬѵټСһҲ
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ٻһ㶣ǲҶϢͻȻҶһע£Ծ绰Ͳ˺롣
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һ׷վǶе㾪ȣɣΪʲôҪһѾͷƬӵĻ˵Щƭ˵ġ
ȴĵ˴һۣڻǴƵԼٻֻǴҪģ컹һ׮ֻǽ׵˲һ˵о죬ĵһӦԼ֮йߡ
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ǸϽˣ֪ʱܿеļ̽ͷѡߵǰȫͨھȵʱ򣬻ܿͷ
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ҶϵһȻɺٻͣھƵſڣȴǴ󲻽⡣
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ϣҶЦ˵ЩٻĻǰ΢Ѱ˼һ£Ҳ֪˸š
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ȻͷȨڶԷУǾֻܹǣűˡ
Ҫ׽Ҷ֪϶ûô򵥣ʹ˷ҲԸ£Էżα𼱻ǡ
ٻ͸ҶϵıʲôҲڳ֮⣬ȻǱѡ
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Ƿɱ˲Ƿ˱˸ɱˡЩ鶼ֵãվڿϷĽǶҶϣǺߡ
ܹͷôһģⱳҲСܹҧһëʱҲûʱٻŵˡ
ָžǱưǿˡҶãεΪõ̸ʡһҲõȵ潻ʱˡ
찲ӣٻɶ䲻ȣûپˡг°࣬ʾ۰
Ҷ͵ʱҵͷˡһͨ绰ﵽ˹̨СܿСȥ֪ͨҶӵ绰
ҶЩ棬⽭пûʲôѣô˴绰תɵ߲߲Ҷо
ǲһڣͷи΢Ц˵ԭ֪ܰкιɣ
֪ҶԸЩŵۼҶҽЩҪҶæ
ҶȻ岻ݴǣϰʱ㿪Ŀ⿴СС
С̻⣬ӳȻ岻ǾؼϢɣҾԻæŵģκβ
Сӣǰ;ˣСҲæ¡Ҷ˵͵˳뿪
Сһݵ˵Ҷ粻ʲôʱô˧Ҫһɾͺˡ
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Ҷû˼Щ羰ڹЩͿζˣʲôԡ
վסҪ˭Ҷ￿ſڣͱıסˡ
Ҷ¿˿ԼɾûʲôطԾôǿôﶼñ¡


046 Ů
ǣʮŵơ
Ҷ׽ͳһ̣˳ֵݸԷһǱǸԽݹֱ̣һѽҶƵ˴ſڵİɫ档
˶Ҫ֪ᣬ˭˭ġȰ뿪Ҳ
طе˼һøܾ»ƵġƫҪӲˣѲǻԼ˲ɣ
Ҷôžһƹ˶ԷűھȥٶȺܿ죬ȵǱ֣Ѿߵ֮ˡ
ȵȣôܹôסСӡԼ׷Ҷкһæ
Ҷﻹû߼ͱΧסˡ΢Ц˵λ磬ҺһͬУο˴Ϊѣ˵ǰɣ
˭ͬУ͸Ͻ뿪ǲǸ׷ıʱͳ˾ѾҶﵱɲˡ
طǸߵסĲǴԹǴĽ䱸쳣ɭϣΪľв֮˻ʱס˺鷳ˡ
ҶɲЩ̰ѾܲˣȻҪ⼸ɴأȻǲ˳ˡ
˷ϻҿͲʲôˣϽȥȻͱ鷳˵
Ҳͣ˶ݣΪҶߣЩסǱͶߣǵķɾû취סˡ
Ҷ⼸ĿɹݵģʱˣֻҶѵ˵ķݶôȴ˽ѵҪǴȥԼһ;޹⡣
ڼִʱһɫܳſڽ룬þ⼸˵ߡѸͣɲܷǳã˵ͣͣҶԸ̨ӵ˲˼ֺ档
ǸֵڣǸܷģճӵĹ˵ɲ˳˵Ҳܳȥһ׶࣬⳵ȴǷֺͣ£ûиװӵĸ֣Ǹġ
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Ҷ̲סĴһڣŮ˵ǵ͵ĶСŮ˵ľӣȻ۰׵ļɲǻױƷѳļٷɫ
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Ůٶȿ˿Ҷ˵ĿⲢڿԼµʶ˳ߵͷ
һɫTֺܵ͵V졣ղ˵ʱǰ㣬ܲɵôԷ˸š
õ˵޳ܡ
⻰һҶ̽˾䣬㲻˿ﴩô͵ӣ褴ƸǣһԸһԸ޳ܣŮ޽ڡ
Ҷ⻰Ҳ֮뵽ʲô˵ʲôȻҲе⼤ŭԷ˼Ҫ⼸ľ͵ýŮ˲С
ȻŮŭˣǼ˵ǷӰɣӳȥȻô˵ң̫ˡ
İɣС㣬ǻѵһٵġΪֺŮˣȻڵ˵
ŮĿҶһۣӾ׼뿪Ҷʱոպãһ˦Щ˵ĿƣһŵţʹŮ˵ܳ
ʱĳѾӦ֮ǰҶѾĳӣҳӿȥԶͣЩҲϹץҶˡ
ʱҶﵭ˵ŮĸʻϣŮ̾ҪɲҶ쬵һ䣬С㣬㣬;Բʱɲô֪ûɱأ
˭㵽ҪѾҪըˣѾˣôܹ֮鷳顣
ҶҲΣʱҲûƵƬԸ֪绰١վȣϣãŴӲġ
⣬һǾͻᱨʱҿô죿ҲֻܹһʱĿ֮ˡ
Ҷ⣬΢Ц˵ҹգҪȥʮű¹ܾǲǵһ¾͵ҵȥǸط
Ҫȥʮţһ㶣̲ס´Ҷһۣģʵڿʲôݵλġ
ҶŮԼ̰ڳһ˧װƱ飬΢Ц˵ôŮǲǱӢ˧ˣǸ׸ǰɡ
ȥ㣬Ҫ㡣Ѿ޳ٵɾҩˡǺһ˻ܳ£ϳ
ȻƯɲԣʱǲҪ㼤ŭԷҪǱǺܲ
Ҷû۲ŮеǵСþãͻȻԼļӦòֻǰô򵥣ʱӦҲڹ˾æµŶԣôڼ
ôŵʱ򣬳ȻɲϸһѾʮűǰ
㵽ˣǲǿ³ˣѵ˵
ʱҶͷһл֮󣬾ʹӳһ֧Ծ˳ӡ
Ķһ㶣ٺϲˣûһ˵ĶܹҶôÿģͺӦȫŪ
ҶﰴʱŷŮǵû뿪Ǹһ˴ſڡ
֣Ҳһ˿裬Ůɴɾ裬ΪΣԴûΣվ档
ʲôٿҾͰڳ޳ܵļһɫ죬ʱ۾顣
ҶʾԼԩղŻľû͵Էֻ鵽ı¥ƺиӰһ
ΪԼῴסһ֪ȻжϣǸ˵Ǻ˻ǻˡ
ŮͳϰɣǲǿϸˣʵҲûŮѣԸ⣬ҲǿݵļײΣ
׼˵ʱűˣơվſڵĶʱе⣬Ѹٽý˷䡣
㣬ôܹ˽ɲʲôˡ˶֮¶
Ҷ̲סЦС㣬㻹Ȥһ㣬ҪǸˣڶѾˣŮ׶༪ˡ
ߣҾ֪㲻ǺˣСͼӰͳ׼Ҷ׼һͨ䡣
ֻǿϧ֣ҶѾȷˣӶԷж׼ȷĶԶͰ
ܣĴ֮
ʵ׼ϥǹҶҪλԱһ㣬պñܿˡΪĲȲˤҶʱͻȻֱסΪ⣬ֱӾҶĻС
ȻץסҶ½˵ʵ㣬Ǹɲһ׼ʲôǰࡣ
ȿȡʱԱߴһɿ
Ʋ֪Ҷôʶģǰе㿴ȥˡ
ߵ˵ſңå
ҶʮľˣҪˤһֱҶסˡ
ġڵƱ֮ղŸˡΪĹϵЩˡҶȴôô˾߳ܡ
ˣǱˣҪ飬Ҳ鷳ܿѸɲŶ̼˰ڿˡ
㣬˵ʲôء
ԶԣˣåȻСô˵һҴˣԭ˳˧Ҳһ


047 㿴
Ҷ⼸仰˵࣬תҪѰƵİȴЦȻǿҶڹⶺ
Ҷ֪Ӧǿ뷨΢Ц˵ܣǿɣϾҽѾˡ˵˵ʲôҪҰæģ
㣬㲻𣿲ôңҽǰʲôǰɣһĵ˵
ȴץסҶĻʵղѾҽˣѵͿҽ
̲סЦ㣬Ҳ̫߿˰ɣղ϶ˣô֪ҽ
Ȼóָ޵ḷ́ܶŮ˵Ǵְҵ򲻻ôڶֻб룬λ÷ֲһǾ֣Ȼˮɻڸǲǵˮζ
ҶﻹиĵطԷŮݣӶĴΪְҵҪľǰ·˼ףκְҵп漰ܹ֪
Ҷҽ˽ֻһҽڶʲôľԴɱˡ
ΪӶɱȻڻ£˽ÿλκ¶ܹѸҳԷѨΪӶҪԵĵˣͨˡ
ҶԼţϧʲôŲҶᣬѯƣҪʲô
ƿиڳõ㣬ñ˵ɷ򣬾˻ؼҡ
ʵǾе㲻̫ȫʶ֮УҷĵȴûҵǲģΣȴûҪرɼ˻ǿεġ
ҶͷȴԸˣҶǸˣֱȫƲҪˣñԸĨ˶֪
ŮƫҶһҲ⣬Ц˵ԭ㿴ˣ˵ڻûŮѣҪԸ⣬ҲǿԴӦġ
㣬㹷²Ҫ˵Ļ
Ǹҽְҵеģʱ˵岻ңȫ⣬ұӣαˣʲô£һϲռŮ˱˵åҪҡ
Ҫһ£ûҶᣬҶȴͻȻԷ֡
Ҫʲôʶ˫ֻأҶʲô
ҶһЦǸŮҶûȤ鷳ÿһºòáҪǸ򡣡
ʱ֪Լֱɶˣˣÿ·ȴҶӡˡôʲôˣôܹʶˣ
ҶߵǰȴûȥãƺɷƬĲƬǲ䡣ղȻֻһ˲䣬ע⵽˲ӳһˡ
ǶȶŵģǱشҲ˵ǸطֹˡҶȻΪɷĹѧȥŹһ˵
µû¾ͺйءͷʵܣʲôֱ˵ɣȻôŵùңܰæȻƴǡ
ԥһ²ŵͺһɣҲꡣʵܾ˸ٿţָо̫ǿˣʱҶᱻѡϸ۲ȴûʲô쳣
㣬飿̫ܰǸߵס˶ͷοſڵıҲǳԸɷġ
ȻǲŻ飬ȴһݣȻӦǱźܾˡ
ҶƵӡǲģ˴µˬʵȺٻʺϵŮǿˡٻȻҲѹ˾ľٻǲ˵ʲô
ƾͲһһŮ˵֪˴¹ϵӦԺ죬ܹԲǸ򵥵
Ҷʱ׽Ūͷߵ˵Ȼ˸ɵģǾ˵ɷ̫˼ԻˡΣС㣿
һ仰Ưϳ˾֮ɫܵѰӻ飬ԾҶĻЩˡ
Ҷ̲סҡҡͷõҽִյʾɡΪһҽѧУӴľǽʬˣŮ˵СŹ޻̸֮治֪αҵġ
뵽Ǯʲôܹ쵽֤ʲô̫ˡ
Ҷϵʧ֮ɫʱ̼˶ŮʱԼܵ裬㿪˵ôţʲôƲ𣿡
ңֻǺĳ˵ҽִӦǻʵİɡ˭㿴
ۼҪæԲҶɾʹˣȫУһɼҵġǹƵҽʦ֪κ˶ٹĲء
Ŷһ򽻵ҽȴ֮˵⵽ػǲſѧ
ҪܣҾǺ£㲻ˬѵҧҰ뱻쵰⣬ʱԷ
ʱҶ̲סһЦϱҧȻǵʲá
ڶҪʼֵʱ򣬵ǰĿ־ɢ˺ܶࡣصģΪǳԲ˯ã¼ôȥҪҩܹ˯ˡ
Ҷ鿴һܣ˵ʲôģ϶ǲܣɷӦûô㣬㣿
һ⻰ƵɫͱЩ԰ˡʱȴҪѵҶȻǿҶ˺
ҶʱߵƵǰ˵㣬ʵʱ಻̫ڸǣȻѾɷòˣҲѾˣֺαرܲš
ƺǱ˴ʹʱüͷƺ˼˺ܾãŵͷҶĲ²⡣
ʵǮ˼˵ƵҲڽУҲͷɷǣ˼ϵ顣
ҲûʲôԹģȫݵҪóԼΪѡҶԸȻ˭
ûиҪµģҺƵɷʱѾûˣԵˣŲĵһ˳λ̳˾ˡ
ƱǾùҵģҲԼһΪκһ׮һСɷҵУǾǺúþӪɷ˾ˡ
ȫžȻĻһֱΪƺɷǳమɷ֮ηҲûмȢһֱɷĹ˾
Ľθ飬ڵİڵǰɲ֪һУĸоĲܡ
Ҷ˵㣬ѹĵ·أңǶɧŵı̬һץסġ
ҸٿҶ˵ʲô¶ҪϵĲȻȥ취ԸǸɧˡ
һƺûʲô¶ˣŮҶʲôʵѧҪۿƹ̡
ҶԺٺһЦǸˣŮȻҶ㻹еĶ洫Ķû취˿ţʾͲһˡ
ޣȫˣҲġ


048 ᰡ
⻰ҶһЦȴ⡣ǷëǸĲˣԷ޸椷ҪȢʱЦʱء
ҶҸķ䣬Ǳĵضղķ䡣
ܴ󣬺ֱܿӾʹҶһķ䣬ȷǺܰ˵ƣͰѸЧĺܺãֻҪôϹڣԲ뵽ھӡ
Ҳʲô£һҪǷʲôɱ±ߺ˺Ҳûȡ
㣬˰ɡ
ƿԼڼֻһ˵ǾҪйˡ
Ҷȴûа㿪Ц˼㣬ģҾԲҪռˣǾüȻҪ׸⸾Ĳ֢ûǸһҩ
룬ȻѾҶˣʱֳΣȷʡ
Ϊ˱ȽϱأûԼɷҶ˵ҪȻеʴӣ뵽ԼҲʲôµŮڷ˾⡣
ǰֻǸҽ˸Լ㿪ʼˣʱҶƺ˶ԷĹǣ¿£ڻױ̨Ͽһ˿߹ȥ˿Լ۾
ƶҶĺøһ֣˭˵åˡǸˣ͵αҪ˵ס۾ء
Ҫȥһ̽ģվһ⡣ǶҶƷлɵȻǰѶϣǵ͵ǽ
Ҷ·ʱһ߶ˡǲ֪Ϊʲôվȴûнȥ·ڵȴʲôᡣ
Ҷ۾ǷԸɵȥԼһߡ
е㵣ĵĿϾס۾ģȻᵣҶﵽܲ˳İβ
ʱҶ˵㣬ҲɣҪϵļⲿλ룬㴩·ܲ㣬ԡ
ŻȻֻû£Ȼòɺôһ߲ҶĻܹ֤Ϊʲôס۾ˡ
Ҫе㲻Ȼʵ۾һ²谭𣿡
ҶȴЦˣİɣ㣬μȻҪƣǾ͵ó׸ΣȻеΣùʹĥ㣬𣿡
ʱΪֺȻֻܹȡʽһ˹̵Ƶļʱ˲ͺ̲סЩˡ
ҶôȷΪ˱ӣҪԼһΡ
Ϊһϰҽˣ֪˵ʶʱǺġ˵۾ڿ£ͻʹ߶ȼУͻ쳣
ҪƵͬʱҲÿԸ֪һλûֵײʲôط
ҶƵߣ˵ռ˻е˵ȥ˼ƫƫͰڳһӣ޷ʲô˼
Ƶһ̲סˣǸͨŮˣعѺܾãͻȻһ˶ͻЩӦ
ĺЩҶôĥ˵ʱ̲סˣǸֱӸҪҵĵطʲôλãҰҡ
ҶеСʧȻҲûô˾ӣж˵ƼȻô˵ˣҲ˿Ц˼
˵£ҵǸطȻҶȷѨλڡ
εЩݣֻ룬͹ĳ۵ˡ
ǿסеǹа벻ϵ£ֻǻ߸ѣ˾Ͷе˯ˡ
㣬ǲǾЩ뵡ǾϢɣҳȥһ£ȥȥͻء
ҶʱҶѾ򿪴ĴӶ¥ֱȥ
֪װ˺ܶͷȥʱѾ۲ˣûͷ
ղ·ʱѾܵΧƺ˼ӵļӸУû´͵߾סڸڵı
֮ǰĳʱǸӰȻġ뵽ڵıһˣ춢ӣ붼˾û}Ļš
ҶηǳɣƵıȻѸٵļܵһЩ׵ľ͵˶Ķ¥̨
Ҷﶯܿ죬Ǹ˷ѾǱ˱ȵ͵ʱԷҲҶĳֶŪһ㶣ʶľҪߡ
ٶȺܿ죬Ҷ׼һöѸٷȥȶԷӦ˶Էϵ˯Ѩܿ˱㵹ڵ²ʡˡ
Ҷ߹ȥϸƣȻǸʮˣƶԷϵļ֪ԷɲǽЩû¾Ͷһĸ
ӦǸӵģе֣һӵȴַʽƣΪʲô
ʱ䣬Ĳܹʧȥʶ̫ã֮ǰصУʱ治֪νԼûţɵ뿪顣
Ҷｫ˸廨УѾѹ˵ȫܹлߵĶȫҶˡ
ʱݵ뿪ͷβĺܸɾԼЬӡָƶû¹ֺ
Ҷ˵ʲô£򵽴ĸʾˡΪӶǻΪǮƣȥһЩΣյ飬ɱˣֻǺɱֲֻͬɱ˶ѡ
ҶＰʱصʱӳľһŮ˵壬ȻͣѾµԼ۾
һж̫죬ȵѹʱֻо˶ˬʱҶڹش
ô£ҵĲѾ𣿡Լϵļ룬̲סʵ
Ҷ΢΢һЦǻûУҲˡȻѾˣǾҸεɣô
ջأȻѸٵ˫֣ȵĴ̵¶֮Ž˫ַƵĶϡ
һȵ̵ʶҪ㣬ʱҶƫǸĸ²λ
ʹö˶һ㶣ҶȻϵĴлЩ֡
һ˲һ㡣ƵʱҲ֪ץסҶƣ뿪˸ղǸεĽء
СΪǱˣ̫СҶĸ֪ˣղϵĴر벻֪ѣ״ֻܵʲô֪ˡ
Ҷ귢̣ٶ򵥵ʵʱŮ˵ļһֻҪǺˣǾ͵ҶַʽҲܹﵽůķʽ
㣬ҵ£ʲô鶼ûУҪӵĻȻܹϡ
ƽôȴһֱûкӣԭʣ֮Ǻ׻ϵġİܶࡣ
Ҷ˵ЩʱƵܵ𵴣ɷôһֱϺӣ˶˾һ֮⣬ʵҲ֪ܺԼеϵ
Ҷ㵽ʹȻǳһĨ֮ɫȷɷˣܹӣҪ˭ȥء
Ҷ۾Ƶı飬ȷûˣ֡
ˣǴ󹦸ˣȳȥˣϴ軻·֮һлҪ˵
Եͷ뵽Ҷڻ˵֪ˣԵȡ
ȵҶŵʱǽʱĲ˵ҶĻС


049 ̽
ҶһЦҾ˵һǿϸˣôô˹
æҵվֱ壬һм˵˾컬ģҸҿɲǡҪ͵ŵùɡ
Ҷ룬Ů˵ȷҪвҪòҲ׷һǵôӽͷŵβȥˡЩĽߣȷһһĭܹ
עҶϣԡ洫ˮʱʱһѵĿҶʲôʮһ㡣
Ҷ֪Է϶Ҳ͡ɲʹ˷ŹҪͲС
С㣬²Һ㷢ʲôǺҲҺ֮飬ûʲôϵɣ
ԶʱɫȻĽȥƣȻҪΪʲôһĻ
Ҷ¥֮Ƽĵ绰ȥ˸绰ŸչҶϣʹХɻ⾯ֵЧʲôʱôˡ
ͣʮ¥ǰʱ򣬼ֱƵļš
ҶȻȻȥţͿǸı˵˷Ƿ룬ȥ顣
ʱ¥ôྯ죬ʱһ㶣̹ѯȽһʱҶű˷ſ
Щû±뿪̾ͱҶסһ£ȻǶѾˣ޹ʲôܹ鲻ã֮ǰҷֶڰ͵ܣϣܹȥץ
ץҪģܹ˼ҡһ첻õ˵
Ҷû˵ȴʱӳ⼸ȷʵб˸ٺͼӵĸо򻹸ǣıûסҵżһ£ʲôá
һܿ쾯Ǿͷ˱Ǹձ˺ܶ͵ߣĻ켣ֻ˵ģͱɷˡ
ҶҲǸһˣҪ뿪֪϶Ҷʲôô֪˵顣ֳֻ춼鲻ҲͲ˵ʲô
һ£ҶκòôҲлл㡣˵ʹӿڴͳһпӦһǮ
Ҷ㲻ˣ㣬ҪǰҵѿͿⶫҶּǮۿ𣿡
ҿǡͱǱװˣȫ¾ûһ֮ǰĶ˵ҪǮŻ١
ԱߵҶװģ̲ס䳰ȷҶҲһʶת뿪
ƾеⲻȥҶԵ͵£ҲֻܰѶԷĶ
ҶƴڻССڻû˷뿪顣
֮󣬺ٻҶһ¥ҲһǼֻ꣬λñȽƫ˵㣬һ˲ѡԷ
˱˰䣬ŷûٻΣдһ˿ǡ
ʱҶȴЦ˵ϱطôװ޵ôͼʲô
ĵ̣ƽʲô˵ˡ֮˵á
ô˵ӦǵװͷʱǵĻȫȥȷǱȽ鷳
˲ʮӣҶﶼе˯ˣͻȻűƿˣˣںϿˡ
ĳ֣úٻվĽҶԸоǸ࣬ʺϿ˵Ļ
磬һ治סٻ˵
ȴû֣һŵ£ĿҶɨһ£ܣ⻰Ӧ˵Ŷԣϴε㿼ǵˣܻܲҪʦڵϸһΰɡ
磬ǾģҲٻڵ̫ãûʲôͼԡ
žһӵúٻͷһȻû飬Ҷ֪ӦǱһ
۾һøжûˡҪַʽвȺٻЭǽҲɵ
ƺ⺮ٻʲôķӦĿĿҶҶȴûһĵüĿƺûвƵġ
Се˼ű㳯Ķ˻֡ʱҶںٻߣһֱעǱߵһѸپͳϮ
Ҫһ뵽Ǻ֮ϵҲǲµˣ϶֪ԼǸͷ顣
Ƕ˫ȭҶŶȥֱҪҶһӳȥӷڵ֮ǰһշͶ˶˵Ĺ
ٻû뵽ûʼ̸У˶֣䵣Ҷϧֻվһ߿š
ҶĶݣÿ˶йʱûֻ֣㣬Լʵ˼
˻ûбϷˣôҶٶȣҶİͷ
ֻйе˲֪ԷʵΣ˸ҲһˣĸҲǲɻûҹҶаĶ֣ȫϣȴֲô
һֱڿ˴򶷣֮ͻȻ˵ǲأôܹҵѶ֣ȥ
Ƕ˼ת˳ȥ翴˿Ҷ͵˵ֲ˵ֻٻŵССıӳǲ̫û˲ˣ
ᰡҾñӳʺңܶҲҸΪҶҲЦûа˿µ˼
˸˼£ڵϻôãȻ֪ʲôǿչ鼺ãʲô˾ֻܹͻΪ·谭
ҶЩѾɱģǲȥҪõٻţ㽫졣
ҶȴǺյ˵磬û˻Ǯ̲࣬ٻţҵǾãҲܺƽĽף֤ȵõٻŻˡ
ЦЦĶǸ⡣˵Ǻйص飬ҶܸȤܹҵҷٻŵİ취ҵҲôڤ粻顣
ҶЦ˹ȻǸϺ꣬θ֮󣬿¾ǰõ棬ǲɿٻ鵰ɡ
ʱﺮٻǰ鷳ü޵顣ߵͻȻߵ˼䡣
ҶһֱעԷķӦǴʱʲôķӦҲֵñΣյĶС
ȴ֪ΣգɵϵЦݶûκεĲȻ
ҶжԴͬʱҲ˼ֹ˼ɡΣǰܹ治ɫģǶǸ֣ҶҲִʱô
Ƕݲ׵ģܹɾʹ£뵽ǱǷ˽ģû㵨˭ܹΣյ
ϴڻǴƵ꣬Ҫ˶֣ҼǸɱˡҶֻ˵ôһ仰ѡ
ڵ˵ľԼڹѾǱôˣһǣ浽޴Ȩ֮
ûԶϴǲôͰÿһҪߵĺСģͻᱻȡ֮
֪һ㣬ԴĵˡҶץסһ㣬֪Э


050 ̸
ϴε飬˳˲˵ֺ͸ͳͳ鲻þ͸˼ֻŸնĲӬһַŭ
ҶͻȻôһ䣬Ǹ֤ˡֻǵƾһٻ⣬ƺ
ҶΪ֪˵ȷĴһ黹Э
ҶĶߵôϡĻҿû취ˡ
ҶҲڿ磬дҰģþͿԼá
ʱȷĶˣҶһ֪ȻΪ㼸仰ǣҶҪֵ֤š
Ҷ΢΢һЦصٻ˵ܵ˺ܲٻźͺһڣҶͲͻȻʧ١
ԭҪٻźͺٻȫע˼ˡЦǾҶСӲǸ֮ģ£һصġ
ϧҶͷβҲûϡʲôϴ󣬲Ʋѵʱ򣬾˵׼ˡ
ٻͲ֪ҶͶԷʲôףʱѯʣȴҶգգ۾ʾⲻҪ˵
ӹȥ֮ͷܹҵõٻŸ棬Ȼ鿼ǲٴٻŵ⡣оôŵҲǼ̼ңǧ𿪿ͷ֧Ʊ˵
磬Ҫ޷ǵ̣˭ĵ̲ǵ̣˵ǲǡ
ҶĻû˵͸Ǵթȴ˼´һҶôһͨ꣬ôܹ˵˲εĻ
Ҫ̣Ϊ˺öԸ𣿻Ǿ̾Ϸûκηգ
ɵ۹⣬ҶֻǺŵ¶һĨ΢ЦҪбַҲֻ׾ٵ顣
ȻǸ˽Ĵ磬ǲֻ֮ҪԷǸˣܹŪԷǷַӵ顣
ֻҶ±Ƚϵ͵ÿطÿطĹأҶҲ˱¶Լ١
ҶŸոչҸɲô챻˸ƻˡҲʱ鷳Զû취ˡ
ҶڵҲܹ֪ģǸ磬Ҳֻ֪иšˣȴ֪Ҷ˭
Ҷ֪èèԼС£̫ĻȻͻע⵽
ԴУֻƽƽϾͨ˵˵Ƿǳݳޡ
ˣСͲ·ͷҿ㻹شҶҲû̾Ҷ
һУִֵʱŲοˡ
ͻشһɻǲɰɣҲϲ˷ѿࡣ
ҶҲϵԷô׵ţΪ˺ٻǾһĻ߻ˣĽʲô߻ҲδؿԤ֪
ΣյϷֻڲ֪£ܸԵô̼ʱҲһ㣬Се˼ҪҶһλᣬҶʧֱչٻš
ΪԼⷢչ׳ٻζҪµģҶܹĿǰһ¡
ǹеʮϸ񣬷֮ȻϴҶֲСĻǵ⣬ر𲻺á
ҪչٻȻԭģֻûҪͱ˽ʲô˭Ҳ֪ŵȻ棬ʲô
ΣͻȻվҶ֣ðɣӮˣԸһλᡣ󻰿ɵ˵ǰ棬ûٻҿҪĽˡ
һ磬һûб̬ٻŵĺϷ̳ңôܹһ޹صŵٻҶﲻͬףȻżˡ
Ҷʱȴǰ̾Ů׻£ϵһ㣬λܹŪڹ֮С
ϱô˵̫ˣΪǵĹϵ͵ҵģҵ߾ˣȴԭһж飬Ҫʼ𣿡
Ҷװߣٻ޿ŪһͷˮͲ֪Ҫʲô
ʱҶѾת˵δҴӦͬЧӦòỹҪṩ֤ݰɣ
ǵټҲģֻ顣ʧܺ㲻ʧܣҶԿ͹ˡ˵ǲںϷһ㶼ġ
֮վٻҶ鵱Ȼ
Ҷȴһ㶼⣬ֻǰеҰ
Ҷŵ̬£ٻûܹԭ̸нˣҲܼһ𿪳뿪
˴ţĵְľ̲סʵΪʲôҪӦСӵ޻̸֮Ѿάƽܾˣʱƽ⣬δǺ¡
ҲԲǻ£Ҫ֪ԽԽˡȻ̾һ
ȻӪͬ⣬㲻ͬҵάʱƽ⡣Ͻ֪һҰƽᱻƵġ
籾һҰĲˣȻԸе͸֡
Ҷ־˺Ȼƽ⣬˵δزһ¡
֪ͨȥɸ˶ʮСʱһҪͻýӴ֪ͨҡ
ҲǾˣҶֲǱȷԼڱԼȥ䡣
ٻ˭ҲûͶûв´棬ܿҾͻõϢʱȻ˹ǡ
©˵һУҶǻѰҶȴֻԼϹ
ϵʱ򣬺ٻҶŵĺˣҶȴν˵ϱͷİɣٻûˣұ֤һǡ
֪˵ʲô𣿡ٻ⻰ˣҶȫʲôֵǮģһ˵


051 ˵Ȳ
ҶȴٽͣĿһӣӴ뿪֮󣬾һֱβ档ǺСĵıž룬רҵĸټɣǸǿˣͲᷢ֡
ϧҶﲻһˣ˸ļ㷶Χ֮ڣҲøԷһЩöԷ˰׹ùⲻȥ
ϱҶӶˣղŵĶһûԣܲȥӰ
ٻ⻰ȻһشˡҶӣ漴һգֱӻ·ߡ
ʲôڵûع˾ȥ
ãȥԼɣҪģҾкܶҪ˵𣿡
ٻ˵Ҷ޳ˣΪڷҶУҪȥԼֹĻᶼûС
ӿ˽ĻĲݵԾͲҪȥԷģٻʱĿҶ
ʱҶȴͻȻչȥۿҪǵԷˣȴͻȻͣס
ϱȥһ£ܿͻ
ĻúٻҪˡʱҶȴѾƿ˳ǱߺŵĳҲ֪Լ¶ˣѳͣ¡
߳һˣҶòĵͷҶȴ΢΢һЦֵܣͦడһ·
潻ò
ȻҲǸȤˣҶʱ֪һЦֱʾ⡣
˳һ²Ű˳ȥҶһѺõ΢ЦŪĶԷеͷԡ
ǿˣר˱ңô˵Ҳʾһ¾⣬أ
̲סüͷҶﲻǺ˽⣬ȴ֪ҪٵˣԲǼ
ˣûҪѧղôͱ㷢֡뿪Իȥġ
˵ǺģҶȴϲˣõĿռʵ̫ˡ
ֵܣҸһһװ֪ң飬Ǹڰʱϣܻرһ¡Ҳ֪ŮһǺճġ
˿ڳĺٻʱ¶Ȼɫ΢Ц˵һ֣޼ƷŮܹ㵽֣´лҲ̽Ұɡ
ϲŮҶ¶һĨ΢ЦЦŵͷðȻû⣬ұĲҿڣֻҪҵ׷Ůɣ¹򣬻Ǹ͵Ůܹͳͳһ򾡡
ԷԹһЦʱٻȵĲͷ̽ͷĻʲô㡣
ϱܵøʱ峡Ҷ˸ССĲ
ٻȻûҶ˼ҶĻѾɹǰ˵˼һȥˡ
ǣ㿴ϱȲˣ˵ĽҰģҲɶʱؼҽɡ
˽⣬ֵܣһҪͽ椵ļɡѾҶ޳ˡ
ܹһȲǶŪеͷģҪҸطˡ
ȵ˿ų뿪Ҷ˿صӶԺٻ˵ϰСʱ뿪ɡ
ղˣںٻҲǷӦˡ
ҶЦЦ˳죬òһŷĴ滺ֺĸձ
ʱٻҶ˽⣬ʱ϶ԼʲôʱǸþܾǡ
ҶʱͻȻƫͷٻʱֱӣ˶䱸״̬̲סЦ
ôţŪҶʲôʮһҶִӳӺСȡһƿȪˮš˸Ǻ
ٻ֪Ҷʲô̵ֻĵطҪϰСʱ뿪ͼʲô
ʮ֮ͻȻҶǺܸĪ⡣ԭһ˵ĵطȴһĦгˡ
ԷӿͣҶﳵǰ棬ͷǼǰܲ͸磬Ʋò
ٻҪ³ȴҶﰴסˣãڿɲǳ䵱ӢۺúʱǣȺϢɡ
Ҷ˳ֱߵǸĦгֵǰ棬ŶԷ˸ƣȳԱߵ˹ȥ
ĦгƺҪҵҶк֮̾͸ȥûڳĺٻ
׽ôˣһ˱һأҶǵߡٻϴһĨ֪꣬ڵҶڵԼĹ˾δ
ҶߵԱߵľ࣬ΡԵһʱ䷢֡ʱϣľ˴̸ʱ۲
ԷߵҶվҶ֪˭
һ欵ŮҶԹһЦ⻰Ӻ˵𣬸½Լʵû͸ۣ֪˭
ŮѸٵľȡͷһͷ˳˦£Ȼһžµ¶˳
Ҷ￴Ůӵʱһ㾪֮ɫûСŮ˵ҲûжҶ˴䲻е⣬·֪ҶѾ֪˭ˡ
Ҷǵڶμˣô
ѵ㻹ɱҲɣϧ̬ұ㣬Ҵֲ˺áҶ˵⻰ʱ򣬹һŮˡ
ʱ򹴴ÿ˭ȷǰŮˣΪĿĲݡҶȻɫȻ»Ͷá
ֻԷҶһЦ漴Ӷ޹ǵؿ˹ʱҶֻüöԷ˼ϡ
ҶƯ𣿡ŮȻǸк֣ҶĶߴһ硣
ҶԷЦˣʱһ˵ϰǮҪôΪ
Էһ⻰ʱЦһֻҶؿѣ˧磬ɺͱ޹أҾϲôиԵˣǲܹҲһβһľ
ԷİʾĿŵҶﵱȻЩĳ۵ȴǾ裬Ů˿޺ӶԷᵽѪζɲ
Ů𣬵ɱ˸С˵˱ԵߵʱŮ˾ͻڹѸһ˲Ҫ˶Է
Ҷɲһֻ֩뾫УŲŲطͶԷһİȫ롣ŮƺĺϲҶˣ
ҶᣬŮ˹İɣҪ˶ǡȻϲŮɲǸ˰
ԷһַֻŵҶϣ۾ĵɫ
Ҷ룬ӿˣԼҪǼôԴָǾ͵òǹ߻𰡡
ֹԷŮлú˵ֶųɲ
ŮȴһЦȻ㲻ԸĻ䣬Ҿֱֻˡ
ƱľŮˣ˵־Ͷ֣һ㶼ҶԷȭͷкʱһסȭͷ˳һ£˲ײ
ҶĻ棬̧ͷЦһһֹҶβ
Ů˾ȻҸ͵Ϯɲô˰ҶڶԷħצ֮ǰѾһǺߴֱӱˡ
ŮӵֵҲͣҶʮУȻûа
Ů˽ƺǳҶģŻͳҶﶹŪҶڣôҲǸˣŮ͵Ϯͣôúܳ谡
Ů˽ųУʽԵĵطô֣ԸеĵطҪȥһ²ųɡ
ҶҲǱƼˣһӾͳסŮ˵ͷһ˫ϥأöסĺ


052 ϻ
С㣬ҪӲϹǸˣԿȻҶô˵УȴǾͷѵúܡ
Ů֪΢΢һЦҵֽаԽҵ֡˧磬Һٿô˧ڲͬˣĲ㿼һҵ飿
аŮ¶һĨ΢ЦһͶˡһ˳קֱӽҶѹڵأ˵Ҷϡ
൱ʱҶֻѾѸٱӲ֪óҶס˫֡
Ů㲻Ҫİɣһӵڿɲʱƻ˰
Ҿ͸ҪԿˡԷѸٵĽҶ˫ְסȻſʼ·
ۿԼҪΪԷ֮ˣҶһļǺεȵѵðҪǲúϣԲԼ
ʱͻȻǹ欵ĸ˿ˣ˫ð𡣿ȴһ˿ơ
ŮѾˣöҸܲʱҪȥʲôɣ
ԣһֻҶ˵ļӣǺܲ
Ҷһɢʣһ˾޷εģһѾĺֻɳԼעĿ
ҵȥŮϰ壬˵и˳ʲô
⻰˵꣬ҶȴѾɵĽ⿪ϵһͽ˵ڵء
һЦ״һ㶼ģҶĲӴϸϸĦһ֮ʵһɱָĵطΪҲɱ𣿡
ҶҡͷŮ˵㳤ʵ̫Ưûоʲô쳣ĸо𣿡
ôһ˵ʱʼԼŲʱͻȻоദš˲뵽ذס˿̣Ҷһ˿ƣеֻ
ҪҶɱңѵÿϧôҵӳûɡһŮˣ˵ͬʱʩչԼ
Ҷܲ˶Էջ̲ס˵ŮˣҪΪԼΪۡ
⻰ðֱЦҶϵıôе㳰ЦҶﲻж˼
û˵ŮҪȻ޵С㣬һAֿͷĲЯߣ㣬Ǿ͵ڷҲ̫˰ɡ
һ⻰ʱЦˣжмҶǸ⣬˿ܲȴŮеֿȻ˿Ե
Ҷ΢΢ͷ˾˽ôֻǵ
ܵǰǿƣʱЩĻˡѵĶȤûʼԼˣϾÿɱĶˣǿܹЩ׵ľɱ
߿˼飬ͱſϣ֪֪أһϥǶߣΪֿʹһӣ˭֪ɲ顣
Ҷģ˭֪ŮͻȻʹУ˱е壬ҲΪ飬ҶһܣȻأ׵ѹס
һ˺һŮ˵ߣҶܵŵ࣬Ű̾Ů˻ϣǲ֪ǲشԵ
Ů㵽ʲôģҶ˷ʱ䣬㿪ʵ
ʱȴɫ΢˵ܲȴ뿪
ҶˣŮ˸ղŻԼʼţôֿʼװʥŮˣҲδ̫˰ɡ
ʲô˼Ҳ챻ѹĴˡ̲סԹ
ҶһЦеĿ
ҶΪʱϾ¶ʹ֮ɫͷҲʼϸܵĺ顣
ҶŮĲֻΪʲΪĳֶѸ˷һѾĿ֮ϡ
Ҷϲʵֱܹ࣬ˣҶԣʱǸĲˡ
뿹ܣڻ¶һĨ֮ɫ
Ҷ￴֮صʵô£˶һǺĹƶ
һ⻰ʱ§סҶĲӣ˼ǹҶˣҶʵ֪ƶ飬㵽˭
ܱǸ֪ƶ飬ҺûʲôϵҶ֪Է˼
ӰķӦ֪Լϱ˹ƶôʲô˻ôûԵأ
ʱɫʼó죬˶·ʮּ״̬ʼ룬˶е־ˣȴʼֳ·
ƶѵǺϻƲɣ˭ôȱ°Ůһ˺ϻƣû޶ʱڳ¿Կƹƶҩͻ־壬ֻ飬ֱϡ
һǳ񶾵Ĺƶ˵˶԰֮ǣ˵ҪưΪ
ҶΪʲôð˺ìܵԭͲɱ֣ϵѪζȴŨԭֱεɱ˵İ
Է˿Ѿʼ־壬볶Ҷ·Ҷֹ֮ͿʼĳԼ·ǸӣﵽĿĸͲͣ
Ҷﱾ飬ԵôһӣӦʱŮѾˡ
Ҷһ¿ˮпʼĬɫǿգռɫҿҲĶ
ôûõģΪԷѾ˹Ů˴˿̺ɱҶ˶ԷԸɴûַͱƵڵأ˿̾ϡ
ȵĺ촽һҶҲǱͷ𣬿֪ôԼȻ۾ͰռŮ˱ˣʵսûбҪصġ
ǶԷڴ־״̬Ҫ˳ˣǳ֮ΣȥҶΪһŮ˾ȻǱඪ氡
ʱѾַŵҶƤϣŮ˵ĴΪҶһĳ۵޲ʲôˡ
һǳˣһֱ˰ĺ󲪾һ͵Ҷϡ
Ůأ̰ã¹۲ƶһĶҩǲһġƶΪйƳ棬ģ֮ܵ˵ĿƣԿʱ⵽ٿء
ҶҪԸƶ͵취ٲƳͬʱɱá
ֻܹùƳʱ˯һҲܵƶӰ죬˯
ܲܰѺϻҶһĶûУֻܱԿ̬ȡʱǺܺ죬ֻΪʧȥʶûʲô˵
ŮͶͱҶܾѵҪתе𣿡ҶѾڰı롣
ʱҪڰǰôԥϾ˼ҵ˽֮ذԼȥ룬ĺ
ҲûῼˣϻƱҪĶ࣬ʱѾпʼҪѵļӣҶʾٶ࿴һͻˡ
־壬ǹƶֵ̫ʹûʶ£Ҳ顣ֹҶĲϣ漴ֵ°ʹȻҪץס°͡


053 ˹
̲ݻҶҲҵȥʱ³״ֱڰǰļط¡ϻҪ볹ûô׵ģҶŮɱַ׷ǹʣȻѾ˼
Ů˿ʱܹҪΪȺŮɱֶɱԼⱾҶ
ҶĶ԰ڵĹƶдߣֻķʽܹĹƶԷȻ˹ƶӦþͲڼҪ
ȻŮ˻üֵֻҪܹŵȥÿƹƶҩûˡ
ڵĹƶ÷ǳĶҶﶯֶšһҪƣһ߻ҪӦԾܾջҶԼǱ죬ûоѾˡ
ӿٶȣָЩ浯˼£Ѹٵʱһֻ־ͷڰĿڣŬЩҵͷ۾ʼֻϻƵ
֮ƶƵ˽䣬ҶסϻƣĽߡⲻǸ׵ĻҶﲻٵľ
ҶŮ˻ûʲô޵ĵزܹ΢Сæʮġ
ٻͷֱʱ䣬ҶǸŮ˽С붼аСʱˣôѵǳʲôˣ
ԽԽܣе㵣ģϾҶΪðգǳʲô飬һܹԭԼ
뵽ﺮٻҲȲȥˣҶùȥԼԵһʱȥҽΡ
˵˵ùˮ죬Ҷھǳָоôûڰﰬֻϻ֮׼뿪ʱһѣоͻȻˡ
֪Ҷ֪ʱеߣ֮ءεùͷֱײԱһ͹ʯͷϡ
ʱϳһСѪڣѪ˳˿ھ˳ΪͻȻ˿ڣҶѵٶˡλƵվĨһѶͷϵѪŪĸӿֲˡ
ȵٻѰҶʱ򣬿ľһѪˡȻŵûôѪȵĻء
Ҷʱ򿴵ٻܵһЦϱǵȻҺܸˣ´λǱҶˣҲǰ״ǿܱȽʵʡ
ٻе㿴͸Ҷˣ˵ˣҲûʲôŮĹһ˵ҵɣ±ҡ
ƽܱԹãѵõĹƣȴ´ǵܡ
֮Ҷ˸ĸоȫìܵ㣬֪һ̵׻ʲôҶʱ֪Ѫ໹ôģȻһαҪ
ٻ״æǰҪһѣҶǸˣ˵ԶŮ˳ٻֻǸ޸֮ŮӣҪסȫûվҶǲܵġ
Ҷ˾ſ˺ٻϣһʱнӲ˲ĵȥ
ٻ˺ôŽҶԼŲǵִҶıϢȴǷֺȫޣѵˣݿˣ
뵽ҶҲǰ࣬ٻòܾôܣ鼱ֻ֮жҶ˹ˡ
ͦΪѺٻģһˣǰδе鲻ܵȥҶΪȲʱˣһĲġ
˺ٻѧһЩ򵥵ļ֪ʶһͷҶд˿漴ͿʼఴѹҲĿǰΨһܹˡ
ڶΣΣۿҶɫٻҲЩżˡһεʱҶͻȻְסĺףֱӼǡһ˽ʱվ
ٻлعƿҶԼˣ˵ĸоʱҶȴͻȻٻһתѹڵأžһǹ졣
ҶϻѪĿĵġ
Ǹƻ顣ǵ¡֪ʱѾˣղһǹġ
Ů˵ĺֱӶźٻǹҶڹؼʱʶˣںٻһʬˡ
û뵽Ů˾Ȼ˴Ҷûа˿Цݣɢűƣ·һҪѰɱˡ
Щ⣬ʶҶ￪ʼ˿֮ǰҶӡǷǳõģЦ⣬Ҳƺһ׵ĸ顣
ԽأԽŮĶҶӵЩ֮⣬к䲻Ĳɣ
˿Ҷɱðɱָеڲѵɱ·ġҶӦòǸɱֲŶԣΪʲôϢ˿£
Ҷӵվںٻߵһ䣬ʱԱߵĴʯͷ档
ǹһ㻹֪ģΪŮȻǸɱ֣ҲĿŵĴǹжڿ̫ˡ
һɱ֣¹жٵĹºᣬĲɱֵʵɱǵΨһĿģĿû֮ǰǻѡԸַʽ֡
Щ鲻ԼôܹôģڣҶͷǳͷʹ֪Ů˲ʵԺٻǹǸղӦüȲŶԣҲڸԼ鷳ˡ
˵ҲΪ㣬ղ㲻Ǿ˵һллⱲǶĲ
Ҷ֮⣬ͷ˵ãҪл֮ɱҡĹȥҾͽĵлղƶʱ򣬲ίңҵʱǼѹƣκ˲
ЩˣҶûг֮ΣȷǳϡҶﲻܾܸ飬
ʵҲǷǵҪɱҶҶҶ¶ܹסֻԭһܣһҶƲ
ҶְֺˣĺѰңǶԷȴǲмһˣ˺ҶղźͺٻǵñԲŻкĿǹ¼
ҪҲðѸղ꣬ȻҲĲİҶȴ˵٬Ļ
͸ˣҶղűٻǳաΪڿǹ֮ҶŴ˶ģ˵ûֱгǿˣ
ڰǻҶѾԥĳŶԷ˹ȥòŮ˵λǺɵģֻҲȲרҵġ
ȻΪԼôרҵҶﻹʱעԼÿһٶ˻ıݡ
ֽеСЩи޶ȵģ˾ͻΪ࣬ҲȻ⵽˻ɡ
ҶʵģĹûıӻĵ˹֮õҲһֱǼݡ˽ҶұҲֻ鵽һЩϣκεǣ
Ҷһֱĵطһ˹Ӷûô׷֡ͺЦ˵ⱲӶ̫ܻص¿ʼˡ
û뵽زľȻǺԼȴΪĹϵص˻Ĺ컯Ūˣȫүΰŵġ
Ůղҿʲô˶ûռڼȻöԲңҪлңǾõʵж˵ǲǣ


054 Կ
ҶѾŶԷƯȥʶҪ㡣΢΢һЦͻȻһֻ־ͳǹץȥ
ռǼٵģҶҪĿĻǶǹ̫Σˣӵ۾һҪ˭ǿɾ鷳ˡ
ҪֹҶǹǷӦһȵҶֱʱעǹǲܼˡ
ǹ䣬ֻһ˲ǹʹӰл䡣ҪȥǹҶżһߣǹڿն𣬷ת˼Ȧ֮Ҷﱧס˰ճðǹС
ŮڻҪȥ㲻ҵĶ֣ʧȥǹһͲ֪ʧȥʲôˣ˵Ҷﻹ´
ںҶϵĶȫˣΣ಻ǻ¡ҪǸҵǺٻԼˣҶ
ҶﲢڿЦһͿʼӰˣͷϵķΣϵΣһϵǼ·
ҶĶܿ죬ͲκηӦĻᡣƺҲ֪ҶﲻڿЦʱ
ҶĶûͣ˭֪Ůǲǻʲôɴϸһ飬˳Щ·һҲǶ˳ͷ
ֱ˶ˡڴĺٻҲɫѿ
ȫֻʣ¿ʱȷûʲôˡһ˦Щ·ȫ׵һô
ҵ·ڸ˲ڣܻʵ
Ҷ΢΢һЦƺԼĽһ㣬Ůǲȥģض´ࡣ
ѾĲˣӣϵ·ˡҶҲɵǹŽڴתźٻѸ뿪
ҶڻѪʵֲ̫Ȼ˿Ѿˣǵһ¿˴·ϣ׾ͻᱻŲġ
ٻ˰ҵһףѿȪˮ棬ҶȥϺϱȽԵѪա
ҶﴩǺףԾѪҲǲ׿ġٻڰҶʱҶͻȻץס֣Ŀԡ
ٻʱһƺΪҶҪʲôһҶȴͻȻһ˵ϱҶӶˣܲܲ˷ʱ䰡
ٻ˿ҶϵѪѾɾˣ׼Ӽʻλ˳
Ķ̫żһӺײ˳һʹĵͷȥ
ǳڷϵģͷײٻʹһ˲Ҷϡ
Ҷǳģ̲סͻһ𣬺ܿ˷Ӧ
Ů˾ֻ䵽ĻУòҲʵ̫˵ɣβ뵽һЩȽѪŵĻ
ϱ֪ϲңҲôżɣʱ仹ĺܣǳ극Щ顣
ٻʱ߳ŭҶϴһ£ȻѸվֱӡ
Ҷ˿װʹı顣ʱò˼ղҲ֪ǴʲôطˡҶһʹӣĪԼСĴʲôҪλˣ
ϱ֪ҪõҸôܹ˺ģҿǲͱöҸĲ˵һĴ
ôذɣٻȷʵ
ҶﱾҪϷŪһºٻ˭֪Ů˸ղŸ֪Լʲôطƽٻװ䣬ԼҲû취ڵ
ôأܲԺûзӦأҿɻûȢϱһûӡҶıǿŵˡ
һŮ̾ܿװǻƣǺٻϺܸ䣬ʵرҶƺĺѹ㲻֪ˡ
ǡӦô죿ȥҽԺ飬ԣȥҽԺٻƺһҵ˽İ취ҪҶλÿȥҽԺ
Ҷȴҡͷ˵УǸˣ¹˵ӣȥҽԺ澡ʧɣҲ֪ǶһЩҽģҲһ£ǲѾ
Ϊ˱ʾĺģҶȦģͲжˡǲܵģŮѣᡣ
ٻаûڲѣҶĲ˵ˣô죿뵽ԼҲã
вУоˣҿɲΪһûõˡҶ˵žҪ³
ٻ״æ˵ðɣҪʲô
һЭˣҶæ˵ʵܼ򵥣࣬ûӦǿ϶ǡ
СٻһӾ;ܾˡ
Ůˣ֮ǰϵľûУҶȻҪ
ϱǲʲôˣֻ˵ϵ˱һŮһûӦġղǲˣΪҪ㡭Ҷϴɻı飬ʵЦˡ
ٻȤǰû֣Ǳ£Ȼ˵ĳٶۿɰʱû֣ʵֻڿЦ
ܵشôּܻۻۣΪʹʧȥ֪߾ܵشˣԲͬҶͨ˳˼·ġ
ٻдһ˿ŭ⣬ҪǱôˣ˻ĻǵǶǿˡ
Ҫû£Ϳ㿪һҪع˾ءٻŸ߸Ь׼ȥʻλˡ
Ҷ״æ߿࣬ѽûĵϰ尡ôݣҪ˶٣ⱲӻôȢӰ
߲ͣⷽԲʮ֮ڣȴܹҺǻĵأǸô·Ůɱְ֮⣬Ӧûˡ
ٻھ͸ǳȥɱˣֻڵɲġ
Ҷһ̾ϢУٻջ۷˻Ҷǰһ¡
ҶʱҡͷвУô飬𣿾Ǻ͸ղǸŮɱһöе飬ҲҪЩҲŻио
Ҫ󷱶࣬ٻ̲סˣͦìܵģҶΪϵǴܲҶ
֮£ֻܰҶ˼΢һȻʼһּΪĶٻҲ֪вУҶﾹȻ۾Щġ
Ҷ㻹ðɣĺ𣿡ٻǶҶӡ
Ҷ۾ֱߺߣٻô˵˵ǰʹ࣬˶úܰ
ô˵棬뵽ٻһԸӸԼĦ̲סá
ٻ춼ûתЩżˡûеĻھȥҽԺ
ҶأϽٻȻǿڹֱ׾Ҳĵܹǣ˵ҡ
Ҷ˷Ӧֻٻ̫˽⣬˵ֻſҶûע⵽ı仯
ҶﻹǱ۾ٻ͵ҶǲͬղʱͻȻݿˡ
̧ͷȥ̽ıϢϧŲһӣ־ͲĴӷϻ䣬һѹȥɲǴλϡ
콵ѣٻоԾʱ˺˺üҶԶԶġ
Ҷﱾģ˭֪ٻȻôһУûŵгˡ


055 һ
ЩʹˣһֻҪλһֻץỵֱ̂ϣһû
ٻȫҶˣߵʻ˽ȥʲôҲ˵͵ҶʲôʱϷˣͻع˾ȥ
ҶﵱʱЩʹеͣǸˣϵÿںŮ˵ЩĻʱ̫ͨܵӰʱ
ǺٻǳϣΪԼûȤʱеĹ֮ȴŨĺܡ˵ϲԼȴǶΪмһˣЩкͲм
ŮǸì壬ҲΪٻԸҲģԼ̳ʱˣܶ˶Լװ̳Ǵ粽С
Ҷ΢Ϣһ£ƽΪٻһ˿˿а𣬵ȵ׻ָ̧֮ͷһ
ϱǷһǵ飬һûҪأôݣı׷ɲСҶ˵Ц֤ûˡ
ٻ˵ع˾
ҵŮ¡Ҷһľŷ뿪
˺ܾãòײŴϰ·ȵ·׼ȥҶ˵ʱ򣬲ŷǶѾ뿪ʱˡ
ʧ֮࣬ҲЩŻҰߣҶ͵ϮɹһؼһҪֻعơ
Ҷ˸磬˵һֱǿôͻȻ磬ѵˣ
ʵ֤ˣȵźٻصٻŵʱѾڻҵȴʱˡ
ٻƵĵ⣬ϵҲ
ֻҶȴƲôĵʱҺٻС˼ƺˣѾ˺ܾá
ʲôһŮϰʦڣҶȻЩ棬ȴû˵ҪźٻȥơŮԼֱӹҪȥٻ
ֱ˵ΪġǰŸ߽ңСܹ˵ҶаǺıɽ˶ܹ㵽ʲôʱ׷Ů˵ļɰûôģֻҪСһͺá
СҲܳ飬ͷβûı⣬֪СϲҶ£Ҷȡ
ҶҲôĵˣСȷǰһЩæرһҲӦõġ͸СӢ۾Ůɱﵡ
һ仰СéٿǧлҶһ̣Ȼ߸˵뿪ˡ
Ҷ￴еЦʵϲֻ̣뵽ΪҶ͵ǷֵһʱԼһˣΪҲΪôһš
˳кܶĽڣһˣͽ䲻ˡҶ˶ʲôƺִ̫ţЩ˵ûʲô
ĳһ̵ϣȴûг飬ֻǿһȼǺĻƺ˻䡣
ߺٻƵȷ̸һ׮ǣߴšϴκľۻᣬͿóٻڵ϶ǲ̫õġ
綼ǺǵˣưٻҲڻҶںٻȻǲ֪Щġ
ƵʢĴмֻǾö˵ĹϵǺΪƺеˡ
֮ҪҶٻϸ룬ΪΪҪ£ҶŶԼչˡ
鲢ƺͺٻһңǽʱҶѾ˯ˡ
Щʵû˯ãΪ̫ƣĹߣˡ
ΪӶľĻеġڽ뷿ǳɱѪȵɱ֣ڶԷ֮ǰͽɱ
޸֮ŮܹвԾڶ˽뷿֮ûѹ
ٻҶȻϰʱ˯ʱΡϾԼԱƿ˾ԱôɢǺá
ƿĽǶȵǺͺٻһһͲҶüһĨƣȻû˿Ҳһˡ
ܣ㹫˾Ա۳ӣҿ̫ðɡе۵˵
ҶĺøһֱУֻ֪֮ûʲôܣһв࣬Ҷ˲ĻġϲŮˣǶ˭ɡ
ٻ֪λش𣬽ҶȷΪˣһֺŮɱֻЩ֪
ǴĿĵ˿ڣҲرھΡ˵ǣһԱĸġ
⻰ж˭Ҳ֪ҶȴˡŮ˵ѹǾֻֿܣԻˡ
ƵʱϰԵ¶һĨ΢Цˣ㣬ּˡβصعҵİɣˡ
Ҷﲻƶ죬ƷǳϤӣúٻЩӡ
վһʲôҲû˵ֻǰĿŶ˻ҶעƵϡ
ƵͷûȻ˵Ů˾ǿƣȴ˼Ů˵ġ
΢΢һЦȻҪɣҲһϸѣ˶֪ⶼû˸ҩô
ллģСҳݣɫӦ嶼ҶҲ΢Ц
˵ŮʮƻҲͲʮͷɷ࣬Ϊ˹˾ûҡ
Ϊ̫ƣĹϵ鵹ҲǿҡֻԴϴҶκ˸һЩë֮ʱԼ档
ʲôȱ£׾뵽Ƿ顣⼸ƶе㺦ϵĵˣ칤ãһϣ̲סеЩʲôĳ嶯
ʱŻҶﵱʱǾҪӣܹ̾ϵ˼ʲôˡ
ҶЩеп˵ʲôֻǰкٻڳܶ鶼̫˵
֮е֣ٻȴǿڣģһе飬Ͳˡ
ҶƵ飬ٻȻǲ岻ϻģ˵ҶԼĹϵе໤˺ͱ໤Ĺϵ
͵ȷǲҪ໤ˣȴдչԶҶݣٻһֱͣǴѵλϡ
ҶȺٻ֮΢ʣӽ캮ٻıǶԼ޶ԣ˹飬ɲ˭ܹó
㣬ʲô˵ɡ
ЦЦҶֱˬҲ͵һ棬һ˵Ҿ֪ܹơ֪ģûɷ򣬳ȥҲҵķܲܡ
㣬˵ĽǶ˼仰ֱڰʾҸöʲôǴҽĽǶȽǺ£ʵķǺбҪġ
Ʊ˵ɫһ죬Լôܹһ˵Ļȷᡣ
Ϊ¶Ҳ൱ţǲԽԼ᲻񫡣
㣬Ůʱ򣬸ﲻһҾŮ˶ӦöԼõ㡣и꺮ůģⲻһƬǿ
Ҷ˵ĶǴʵƵȷǶԹȥɷҲᾭƬ͵͵Ĩᡣ
ƺûԼɷ治ϳֵĶǰˡ
ڵ鼫ìܣһ֪Ҷûһȴֲ԰ε
ȻһղĵزԼͺħˣһ첻Ҷﶼܡ
ҶﱻûëŮ˵˰̲סҪӦǱڵˡ


056 ݹ
ʵûб˼ҶҲǻΪڶԼϵһЩţ뻹ΪҪҶһˡ
Ҷҽ֣һﵱСû˲ţϣܹԼ԰æ£æҶһѡ
㣬ôˣһ̲סԵġҶڻ̲ס˵ֻ
һŮ˵ΪǸ˵ĻܻĴһ˿Ǳڵʾ
˻죬˻ûҲŮֱӵĹϵŮģܲϸĲ·
Զʱ˼ˣʲôû˵ܹʲô
ɣңںҪһʵļһʱûõģһϣܹҵһ
ƵЦ˵ȷľܾҶĸұֵôԣ
һ⻰ҶЦ˵ЦˣֻǾ̫ˣڳеʲôûԲŻʱ򻹹¼ҹһ
ǫˣ룬Ů˶֮𣬿ҿˡЩֻŷ绨ѩµ˲һӦҲǳиˣֻҪоˣǾ;û⡣
ҶԹһЦ˵ˣҲҸϲŮ˳ɼҵˡǰΪԼûδûҪɼҡ
Ǻòݻعƽӻû̫ãԲϣʱҸŮ˽ʲôġҶ˵ڵȴһ𰸡
ʲô֪Ҳ͸Ӳ֪ˡҶΪԭ򣬲ѡԼ飬ֳһ˵ӣʵֻǲϣŮϲ˸ǣδؾͲһ鷳
ЦЦ֪ǾǸѸ
㣬˵ȥҿҪˡҾԲˣа㿴㣬Ҳú㣬ղŵĻҲĵġڵԼãŵһŮˣҶڡ
ϲ˭ϲ˭ҪҪû׼ã׼ˣϲһ˹֣ҲԥȢ
Ƶͷ漴Ц˵˵Щˣ¶бġ
˵ɣֻҪܰæģԲƴǡҶƵӡܲԸʲôġ
ǵϴҼҵǸɣʵεǺЩϵ˵⻰ʱƺЩɡ
״ǶԷݲܹ͸¶ʲôģ⣬㲻ҲûϵҪȥβ
ҶûҽһУʱⶫҪ㸶ȵļֵܹԷ̹ϺͿ
ƵͷҾҲʵ˵ˣֻҪ֪򵥣ܹκ˲ٻǴкôġ
⻰е˼Ҷĥһ£΢ЦʵΪʲôһΪٻ
ЦˣǸˣǿҶԺٻĹѾͷαҪķʽҶＸεĳ
ƺղˣҶЩεץץͷôΪһء
֮ҶﵹǸǸ飬ڵǺȥʽšεҪٻôҪԭ򣬻᲻ٻţ
ҲԷʣͿֱˡһת֮ʣͿٻվڲԶԼ
˹ȥʵϱ⸱飬Ī۸㣿
ղź绰˵ṩĻ⣬ȥԺϣҪٻƵ˼ȥ
ٻĻҶӺȫ֪ˣʱֻ㶯˸ͷû뵽ǻģôץסᷴһöԲԼ
ϱ˵ҪǰѺϼ͸㵱ƸǲǾԸ޸ˣ
˵£Ҷֲ̾ĻúٻתҪ뿪
Ҷȴ̸ȥҲڿЦܹúϼŵƸĻҾȫʸȢ˲𣿡
ٻ˵ӵϣҪɰǧŮ˶û⡣
⻰ᰡҶһЦźٻͽ˵ݡٻҶ㾡վԶһ㡣Ҷȴš
ͶСĿռŲλõʱͻȻͰŵݱ㿨סˡ
ҶʱиõԤУһĵݶϵ磬ܿͻޣȴϵ˸߲ٻ˸Ĳ롣
ٻһĮԵݻ˲ģҶȴвסŵݷֺ͵ǽ׼ȥʱٻȴֵ㡣
ܱܲЩĵ飬ܿ˰ѵ޺ˡ
ĵǺһŮ˲̫һһŮСеľӶࡣ
ҲҿٻǸ侲ɵˣŵҶ鿴˼¸ӣֺƶֺɴһȭ˸档
ҲȣֱӾͱŪˡٻĴ³ΪǿߣҶѾ˳Ǹ׶굽档
ʱٻûɵҲЩˣҲҶͻȻ뿪ֻʣһ˵ԭ
Ҷոϵݶ㣬ľͺʹխһ˶˸š
˴ά޹˵·ҶӶԷɢĸϢ֪Բ򵥡
Ҳһ㶣˼ʲôҲû˵Ѿ֡ط൱ΣյģҶ֪ԷͼӦþҪһ¹ʣʱݵȥͺٻͱɡ
Ҷһмĸ˿һžͳŶԷȥܶʮ׵ļ϶ǲСĴȥĻǺǲ롣
ҶҪǸ˰ȫĶ࣬վмлĵľһǲСĴӿݣǺٻΣա
ҲȷôģҶڹؼʱ̽ˣûκεĻ֡
һȭһţҲǼغϣʵΪĵط̫СǵĶʩչ
Ҷ˵ֵܣǷ£жʧûǿ㳷ɣ㲻Ҷ֡
ߣûɣôܹ뿪Ҫʶֱ࣬ҸСһ·
ԷҲǸӲǻͶࡣһ˫ͽֲˡ
ҶȰ˵ЧҲûģԼӦҪսپʱ䳤˷ֵݻˣһ޺վͳΣյˡ
˵ֲطҶУҲûа˵˼ȻҶֻǳ̽ûжϲԼĵһΣգǰ㱣֤ûˡ
ٻڵоڻζҶȥҲʱĳѯҶΪ˲ģֻ˵ǵݳ˹ϡ
˵ܵͣȻҲǲõĺٻע⵽ʱҶ۾˵˭ֻҪҶڣ붯ٻһͷ
ߣʲôʱ£ôһ֣ǲ˵ҵĳӺڹ⵱˹ӶȴӪ˾ûǹ̥˵أ
ЩʱҶһܾöûǰἰˡٻƺ̸ĸ磬Ҳֻͽ˱
˲֪Ȼ֪ǹӶ˵˭Ҷʼ
ԷҶƶȻǿҲЩȣ˲ʶʲôͫ𽥷Ŵ󣬡㡭ѵҲǡ
ǸˣұǲմѪȵģȻ֪̫࣬ҾͲòʲôˡ


057 ֤
ҶеذͻȻ˦ѣø˶ԷȣһĲȣʱͳźȥǸᣬҶһ޸һעŶԷһŽȥ
϶ʮףԷȻǵȥġٻţҪǵݷȷǲ̫áҶֱͳ룬ڶԷֵĿ֮£Ѹ˼룬ȻһŽ֮ǰǸط˳ȥ
ʱ򣬵ͻȻܹˣҶѸٵĴӶڻص˵ݣԵݵٶȵ϶ᱻѹġ
ٻͺ£һֱվǸڵ档˭֪ҶȻԤĴֱ֪Ӿͽٻѹ˵档
Ҷ¶һĨ΢Цںٻû֮ǰĺ촽б˲ռ˵ôʱ򣬵ȴѾ˶㣬ڴ֮󣬾ͿСվſڣĿɿڴĿŵĻ档
캮ٻְҵװΪղŵһЩ⶯һЩ룬ټҶľôЩӦ
Ҷﲻǡ򻨴йƬҶմˣŷĵҲȻܳͲŹˡ
£ѹںٻϣһĻСҪǲᴦ룬ǻ˵ȥ
Ҷ̧ͷһЦ漴ѺٻԼôǱӾȻʱˡ
Ҷ߳˵ɶǸ⣬㶮ġ
СǸ̾˵Լ𣿻ΪλŮϰûʲôأû뵽ڵʱе㲻ˡ
Ҷ￴ɫŹ֣ʵô㲻ҪҰ㿴𣿡
һ⻰ͳݣЦ˵ˡȥ顣
ݺ֮С渡棬طܹܲúôŶ
Ҷ߽칫ҵʱ򣬺ٻѾ·һõ˵´ҪҾ̸ߡ
ո֣һĴ˾ǲԸ˵ġٻϣܹҸѧϰǿģʱ䳤˲ŻΪĸ
ཨһӾͱҶƻˣСΪһܺŵŮˡ
һ뵽ͺ޲ðҶǧˡҶ￴ԷǼֱڳüĿ顣
Ц˵ϱǲǺղŵ飬ǿԼˣСѾˡ
Ҷһ𣿡
Һ氡ղ㲻Ҫ̸ϼŵ˵ʲô𣿻ϱһһ飿Ŷ֪ˣԭǲ˼Ҫһ㡣˵ҿǺΪҵȫġ
ҶԽ˵Խ֣ٻټôȥ͵÷ˡֱһļŵ˲輸ϣͺϼŵĺмڵͶʳɱߵĻԴǾûģ˴Ķ֣ǾͲ˵ˡ
ٻҲЩܶ಻ٻšĸ˾ֻһͨ˾ѣΪʲôô˶Ҫ졣
ѵʲô֪Ļ棿ٻôȫݵģһͨҵǶ༸֣Żᱻϵ˶ϡ
ҶҲǴһֵģõѾٻŶˣмʲ̫Ŀ֮⣬ûʲôɵĵط
Ŀ飬һŲùб˽ˣÿҵ涼ڣ⼸ĿҲСûаԼĶߺٻ
ͳٻûʲôرĵطȴڹ̶ÿµµһʽע빫˾ǮĻص㣬ʿתġ
Ƿǳĺڿ͸֣ȴҲ޷ʿֵġͳΪһ飬Ҫ֪ʿепͻǿģֻҪпȡǮݣ㲻ҪνݵǼǡ
˰죬ҶҲֻҵһľͷ˻һ֪˻ϢαġҶҲ᲻Ǻ֮ǰõ˻ӶõıĿ٣᲻ѯʽǮԴԲѡַʽ֧֡
Ǻܿʹͷĸ˻Ҳϸѯһ飬ˣǮͽΪŲ滮ٻֻǹȽϷȵ֪ͨٻ»һʱҪȡ
Ҷ˼ݵͶϣĪ˾Щ鷳
Ҷ鲻̫ãѾܾûֿĶˡе⼸˵ʵһʼûϡֻҪԸ⣬ɱЩҲͷַӵ顣
֮ûôǾΣҪ׷ף磬иһ˳֡
ôٻųΪʸ֮ģʱҲȫƿȫֵġ
ٻͷʹϼŵ飬߽¥һѾΪѪˡ
Ҷһ䣬˵ϱʲôһ˵ȥΪӳ鵱Ȼȥ˹˾򡣡
Ȼô˵ҶȴôģȥǸֻȷڰʬ͵ҽԺм֮ǰⷢλ빫˾ڲģҲΪһ鷳
ôֳָƣȷ첻ҵκɱ
ҶڱֳɢˣȻǵϵʬһߣתʼֳٶȿ춯ȫǵһ顣
ҲģΪҶ֮ԵĿǰΪֹûǱκεİףΪССëϲѸֳ֪ɱ˷ʽķҽҲ޷쳣
ҪľЧܹڹӶΪĴڡ
Ҷ˵ɱһֱһܹƯֲκκ󻼲ɱ֮¡
ȻӶǶ֧ԮսֻҪսĵطٲǵӰҶЩȥǹֵְݵûʲô
ھҽԺĳӵ֮ǰİֳѾȫˣ˵ĳֺͻأҶ֪ػǸ⣬ҪֽţǼֱײˡ
򵥵ľֱƻһ¥ȵļһ˭Ҫ鶼ǲܵġ
Ȼھһȡ֤֮󣬰ӶΪ԰ȻֳûκǴֳӦǱټֻ뿪˭֪ͷ⣬ͻȻѪβ
ֳûκεĴ򶷺ۼҲȻأȻһذ׻˵˿ڣǲһиɻ
ҶȻҲ⵽ɣһİ˽ٻţⱾ⣬ֳûκͱ˽Ӵ˵ֻͻȻ
ܿʹˣٻ֪ܿ顣ڱ˿ʲôǺٻ֪ҲǸ˵ҶйأֻҶҲͻѪҲͳΪһδ⡣
ҶԴ±տڲᣬͺ춼ѾɱģĿŵٻţҪٻٲж˻ΪǸпء
°ʱҶһξܾ˺ٻĴأ뿪ˡٻе֣ȴû׷ʡϸҶһʼصģʲôΪٻĿǰ֪顣
ϵʱҶһҾưɣһҵشٵضεľưɣ˲ǰǮĹӸ磬طǮ˺ŮǾۼĵط


058 鷳
Ŀĺܼ򵥣Ѱҿ˳۵İ£ǳý¶ˮ飬ǸѰĿѵص㡣
ֻҶǴҸŮ̸ģĿֻһˡ
ߵſڣҶͱҶϴľ۵·ôߵĵطȻǻעĿ
ͯҶ˵ҪһǧԪɤҲܲһͯôͣѹǮˡ
ҶԵͷʾԼˡĽŲṳ̂ͣſڵʱֱͯסˡ
ѺܸߣһûǲҪ룬ϰ涨ִͯŵ˵
˰칷ۿ˵ͻ˽̳ģǳûˡҶЦЦһˣһǧУûУһҲҸˡ
һ⻰Ǹͯ´һҶȷĿʲôرٴǿѵ˶ҪڲԱʾһ¡
ʱ˹ͯʲôû˵ö˽š
Ҷ￴ʱʵΪʲôʲôþͿԽȥȴҪʲôԱǵĴ֮
ͯɫʱÿˣղλĽ𿨻Աü飬ͳǵݵλǶҪǽ롣ʲô֤ݣ
Ǹۿ˵͵ģҶƣԼҪ󵱸СҲǾְɡôڳŵֹۿ˵͵Ķء
ʲôҲ˵ֱӾҪӲֱͯӽҶס
ôϵҿɾҪдֹˡʱɲƤô򵥡
ͯĻֱҶЦû˸вԼھȻиģÿԸ档
ֱһһקͯʱҽһһ첲ֱӱҶŪѾˡҶǰƢ˾㲻Ҳˣûô˾ͽġ
û˷ʱ䣬ͯҺֱ˼֡⼸˶ǳĿ쳣ûжҲѾǸһǿҵˡ
Ҷ΢΢һЦ⼸һǻڵģϵǹ̫֮ŨˣҪԶѡ
ðɣʵм£Ǹɴһϣʡ˷ʱ䡣ҶҲǲͷˡ
Ǽһʱŭˣ⼸˸Ǵܵĺ֣µģյ³̫ÿ
ҶȴҪˣֱǵǼҲûСǷֲۣԼĶӡ
ۼ˳Լ˹ҶһȭһŸɾ䣬ʱͰһ˵ıǴϣһ˵ϥǹҲ߶ϡʹö˿˲ܵشͬ飬еͶˡ
ͣ°ҪǾòҶˣǾ֪һҲôˡ
Ҷ˿ֻأһֻڵϻĴŽģôеƦӵĵ
һվ˵Сӣ̫ˣĵ̣Ҫ𣿡
Ӵһ治֪ĵ̣Ҵ绰磬Ҳüûˣġ
Ҷӿڴͳֻĵ绰ϴκٻ绰ʱһۣ˳Ͱ绰¼ˡ
ʲô˼Ҷﻹڲ绰ҲЩˣʶ磬ʱǾ͵ѣ³ǳԲ궵ߡ
Ҷûֱӵͷ˵ܿǱߴ
磬ǸΪ˵С´ҴӦҪǼ飬˲ˣҸô죿
ҶаСӣʵкܶ໳ɵĵطϴȥٵֱӾ¶ˣ˵Ҷȷ򵥡
ֻ˵˰Χֱӹ˵绰ûӾͼһ˴Ӱ˹
ҶһƣʶģϴθǸˣû뵽һﻹڰȻû֣ɼ˵ĸٹ
ǣּˣﲻר˰ɣĺˣһнңǵһý̸̽ôá˵ţЩ΢΢һЦͨһ绰
Ҷû˵˽鷳˻˽̸治֪ôһеġ
ûþưͼҴҵ߳һˣӴⲻôȥеľˮ浥
˳ģȴе䡣ͼ΢΢һЦʲô粻ģ㵱嶼ӴֱӽͳɡҽǴŸģ⼸Źе㲻ϵҺҵѷǳء
仰ǼϰµģҲ֪ʲôʱǾȴ⼸һٳֱôô˵׸Ҷ˿ڶ
Ҷﵹ˳ˣкøУܹ˲˽˿ɲ
ϧˣСʲôģǲȵѵ⹻ˣüȥʡȻǴҶ˽˾ưڲ
Ҷڳɨһ£Ϳ˽滨Ƶصĺ֮λүȻΪöԸ컹ǴλݰүֱȽЧ
ǷǳãںٻǱγԱ񣬺ֱҶѵĺܲҡĸ׶ƺҲǰģǾ̫ûŮ˶㲻
żֵֻܹطѰοˣѶŮ࣬ҳԳԺȺ˵˵ЦЦƺͲκηˡ
٣ʲôʱȥͧ氡ǶûͧءһŮ΢Цʵ
ָںмɵţ˿ƺʱܹ˵Ļȥ
ŪļΪеȶˣ˵еͷͧСС˼챾үʹȥ档
һ͵˵٣˵ǰʱ䱻һСˣļٵģ
һ˵¶ʱͲˣôģ뿴үЦǲǡûҵСŪģҲùȭžͰſڵˡҶùүү
ҲֻܳѸ֮죬ĻʱԱһЦ
Ҷߵ⻰ˡҲûͣ͵ĺء
Ȼ⺫̧ͷʱȻҶŵľվƺŰָҶ˰졣
Ҷס֣٣þòҵǼǵ㣬ǵȭŰҴڵΰүү𣿡
ɫ԰ףôҲû뵽Լôһ䣬˵ܲٲܲٱ㵽ˣʲô߼
Ҷ΢΢һЦɣôţֲ㡣԰ɣ
٣˭ô˵ô֣˲ʵ
Ⱥ˵ҶͶλ˵ŮЦһЦҰǺٿеǸൽǲ˵ҾһǺбҪһµġ
ﻹ֪ҶҲģæ߹˵Ҷǵȥ̸ʲôҪҴӦǣ£֪˭ĳ𣿡
ʱҶ΢΢źͷǴкʱ򣬶ʱҡ
֪ϰֵĹϵģҶҲĵһǷ֤ҶҲˣ
٣ҾʲôǵŴҵ˵ȽϺãô˵ҺŰ
ʱ򺫸ΪˣƽЩ˵ǰˣǰԼ¶ԺȻΪ֮Ц
ҶȻԥʱЦĸӲˡûϵˣȭӡ
ҲǴģҪѺˡҪԸǸϺ֣꣬Զ¶β͵ġ
Ҷˣô˵ǰ
ҵ̫áҶֱӴĻݾܾ


059 
úúãţϳӦе
Ҷ￴źҲһЦྫһֻϺ꣬ôȴȮ仰Ҳȫԡ
һԿţҲҡҡͷҶһѴļ˵ߣȥſڵźүɡ˵ζؿ˺һۣ߳ȥˡ
ҶûеڶֲΪ˸ӣϾĳӣڻûҪ緭˼ҶҲףһպ
Ҷ߳ȥ󣬺ĨһѺԼôҲͷģӲܶҶ߲ƣҲЩţתͺ˵ҽдˡ
˵ҲЩ˳ȴ־ҶӦòҰôϾԼϰֺĹϵǶҶǴĹϵҲԼҶʰɣ
ĺ߳ţͱ˴סһصС
ҶѺһڵϣںִСĸӵ˵ĹͷӴ˲λ
̲סʹҶЩЦؿźүɺã
ʱֻоƨŵأֹǴλʹҶ޵Ҫʱ²òͷ
ĬĬοԼӱʮ겻Ȼһѱһģҿһζûҹٻǲʲôᰡ
Ҷ￴źٺһЦûңҿСӲˬ
ԣһԼոջϰ̧ҶҶǳԼϰġ
ǲˣ۾һתһֱԱ߿Ϸ󣬾ǿ˾һ㡣
λ磬ˣ֪ϰֺʲôϵɣңұ֤дôҲǼͶҽˣȫ֮ǰҶȥʱ򹴼һõӡ
⸱úһҶû˵֪ԼҲܱȥˡߵǰЩζʵŶôʲô
ҲǱҶһˤˣҪ뷨ʱץסһžݣڴĿ󣬡ǮҿԸܶǮֻҪҡ
ĵͷȻתͷҶ˵ȱǮҲȱһ⻰ʱһ㡣
Ҷ̬ѾȷҲһĲ¡ҶЦЦһѣҾеȱǮˡɷнµشӿ㶵ͳֻݸ
ЩԣҶε˵Ҳ֪ǲǻͻ䣬Ÿϰִ绰øǧ㣡
ҶĻɴ۾ѿڶʲôǧôȥҶһЦһָֻϺһŤʹúᶼˡȻŷſ΢ЦǺү绰ɡ˵ò˫ְֻݸ˺һֻϡ
ʹˣӹֻŲͨ˺ĵ绰
ཡ绰ͷͨˣλ
ԼϰֵͻȻޣ֣ңұˣ
ʲô˭֣ԭϿļĺվﲻνԼĶӣҲ֪˭ۣ
˵ҶѾһѰֻ˹ȥܣҪżӰ¶ûУҪпյĻǧ򵽱ұ֤үͷ١Ⱥ˵Ҷҵ˵绰
컹ʶԷϸȴֻ绰ߵѹŭֻͨһûбעĺ롣
׼ǧҪ˵ȻԸ˾óš
ҶֻԼҲûţүǻڵϺءҶȥһץסѾʵ֣ҪʲôҰֻǮģǮģŹң
Ҷûẫ͵һ֮ǰѾʵ󴦴ҵʹǣͷˣҶֳּ򺫸ļѨλоϼ֮ǰˤ˵ĵطôʹˣвЩ档
ҿǽģ˵˲ٰͷġҶеس庫Ц˵
ҶЦԽëȻԼȫˣҶֶΣЩˡһߵһֱû˵ֻǿҶһУȻϣҶ˲򵥡
Ҷｫеľȿ۵ף⡣ŴﵽԼҪЧֻԼ򵥣Խ
ûȶãһͣڣǺ죡ɫװˣǱڡģȴһŮˣһɫװԳļáȻŸīס˴һһֳһ
ԶҶоԼзӦˣۣԼŮ˲򵥣ҪҶһΣյĸо
һԵڿǸŮʱҲһѪڣԼƽʱŮҲ٣ǺŮһȣȫһ𡣾ٻƺҲֻܺŮƽɫ
֣ң𣬸׼ܹȥͱҶﾾס˺죬ҶٺһЦź˵ܿǰǮˣ
쿴ԼӺûʲô⣬ԷģתۿҶŭգںҶֲòѹԼ˵ԭ㣡ǮҴˣҶӣ
˵꣬ʾߵļڣӳɫƤִ򿪰Ҷ￴˿ȷȫһһֽ
ҶһɨһЦ˵źǲˣթģϾɹǽǾһֽǮһֽ
һ±ڼ䣬ڱϼƤ߹ȥҶȴͻȻڴϵϰ壬ҵСⱣڸ̫ˣûаȫС˰ɣɣҶźŮ˵λ졣
תһҶָʱһҶ㵽Ҫʲô
ҶƲƲ죬˵ֻŮӴһ¡˵Żֳһɫ仰
ȴƺھᣬ˵ʲôȴŮ˵ĻˣȥֲʧģߵǼƺ˼¿ˮ
ҶҲоЩڿʣһԵһֱͨû˵
ŮҵġҶɫȴδ䣬ȴ˹
ŮһЦӹеƤҶ߹ޱꡣҶ￴׼Ĳӣһ˦ŮˣסŮ˵˫֡ͬһʱ䣬ŮеƤҲ˵ϡ
򺫾ߡʱȴûẫŮ˱Ҷץסŭʲô
ҶһЦ⿿Ů˵ĲӱһȻ޵㡣Ůûеķޱ˳ӣҶЩ⡣
Ů˳ҶһЦҶҪ𣿾·źűҡ˵ζؿҶһۡ
ҶﱻŮ˸ЩԣڲǾʱҶһɣſŮˣŹԺ˵ЦѣܲҪš


060 ܵĺ
Ů˱ſһŮߵߣ˵ϳ
Ů˵˵ͷϳȥ쿴Ҷкâһɱߵļͳǹ׼Ҷ
ҶȴûκηӦڵȣ˵
ǱѾǹ֪ԼѾܿϷˣվ˵ϰ壬ʶС𣿡
쿴۾һУߵˡ
ϰüԡһ䣬оһʵôѵҪҶˣ
ϵϰѣҶҲѣ£϶ǸᣬֻҶڸϰ忪Цѣүⲻһ¶û𣿡
ǰܣֻǺͺү˸СЦ㿴үһͷû١ҶӹָָڵĺҶơ󣬵ȷ¶ûеӣҲû취˵ʲô
ȴףȴˡԼһˣԼϰôһû֤ݡҲվסŵġ
ҲģһֱȻ֪µģȴûֵֹˡѵ֪Լ£⾯棿
һʱ亹ֱð̳꣬ܺõԼһжûҶ۾˼ϸ壬ȻҲˡ
ȻǳᣬǾˣˣҺͶӾȻȥˣλԱ㡣˵תҪ뿪ʱȴҶסܣǮûأ
һɵ˵ǧѣλŵλȲ衣
ҶﵭһЦ˼ûаǮƵϰߡ˵Ѽһ򺫾켸ˡ
ߵıڳֽ£һ˼뿪ҲҶ˱˳ǰͲÿҶԶһ㣬һȺ˾ϳˡ
ʱ߽ҶߣҶһ˵Ҳ𣿡
ͷǵģ⡣
̶һСʱʱܴǧ򣬾㺫ϼŹģӴҲǲġǱǮ·⡣Ҷ˵
ϻȥ硣Ҷкһ㼱Ҵҵˡ
Ҷ￴ź뿪ķȴǺ죬ǸŮˡǸŮ˱ȺΣʮֹҶһԼֱֱҲξΣѡ
ҡҡͷ׵е뷨תӣһغٻҡ
ٻڼ˷ԥҪҪҶٻΪҶˣȲؾȥţһ߿һ˵ɡ
ǿźȴſһҲûУٻЩʧѵԼˣܰ׼ţͷһִֻϡһ̧ͷһҶһˣ
ҶЦؿźٻϵı仯ţ֮ǰٻſû˵ʱʧǿ
ˣϱұ֤ԺԲˡ˵ú࣬Ҷĳ˵Ѿ˳źٻֱ۵˺ٻļϣһ§òײŴӾлعĺٻһȾͱ§˻
ٻҶţЩ̡Ҷϵζеܰģ״̬ûӣعƿҶ˭ϱ˵תȥòˡ
Ҷ￴źٻװӣЦЦţڵ˵ϱ㡣
ٻŲ˳ҶһۣԼԷˣҲûҶҶڳһίӣԱ£˵ϱŰǲԵģҪҺһ㣬ҲΪϱҪҶûô죿
ٻʱˣҶ˵ʲô˼ô᲻ֲ֪֪ôӻһϣӼһȱҶȥҶ΢΢һ㡣ٻûеóѣҶһҶϡҶٺһЦϱãڿιҼˡһ㡣
ԼȣûţٻҲǱҶﶺˣ˵Լҧ˼ȣû뵽Ҷ˸ҪȻһҧ˼ȣ
ҧżȴ۶СۣٻҪվˣҶﻹҪҪ˳ԷˣҶûҶ֮ǰͺٻǵĸоʱЩѪӿſ˺ٻŴ
ٻоһɣӡļȵ˵ϣ˺Щʱ绰Ρ
ҶӶͳֻʾ硣Ҷﰴ½绰ǱߴҶ£
ҶӦһҵ˵绰Ȼ֪ʲô£¾ǺͺйءЧе߰ôͰ㱨ˡ
пһ£ͺٻкһʰһ£߻ٻһºٻٻҶߺ˺һԼ֮ǰ͡û£ٻһ
ķڣɳϳһѩѣһԵĲ⣬磬ҲΪʲôҪҶԸңһʼֻǽҶΧǺͻȻյĶţ˵ҶʲôվҶһߡô֪ͺҵĹϵȥôƫҶ
ǶԸֻ̽˵
Щɻ͵ǸϺ꣬Ҫġҿɲ֪Щʲô˼ʲôƣ½Ҷ㿴ⲻԳǧôܴ룬ûôˡǸҶֶΣ˵ǲ˺öණصˡ
ͷҶԺõǼ֣ȷһֶΣǸջ񣬵ȻҲ֪Ҷǹָǿġ
ˣ˵иصŮˣ᲻ֻǺ鸾ʲôˣʵ
ҡҡͷ磬ҸоǸŮ˲򵥣ҺЩǸŮˡֻǸо
ĻشҲЩˡʱ𣬴˵˼
磬ҶﵽˡһС½˵
˵еѩѡ
Ҷﱻķ䣬ۣ֪ʲô£
һЦ˵ֵܣ˲˵ϺôҶܲҶûġ
Ҷﲻ⣬һƻֻԼҳˣģ޼鲻̡ǳĺҺģȻѣǲģֵҲ֪ʲôʱͻᱻǸϣҶֵܰϸ翴·
ҶﰵЦôֵֵȥˣȺϺҲòĶȥ룬ҶﻹЦ˵»Ҷ£¶һ磬磬ǲǸ̸̸ô


061 ˵ͷ
ɫһ䣬û뵽Ҷôʶ̧٣ҪôЦһˣٻŻ֡
绹˵ͷҶﰵһҲûָʲôôȻҪԼֲ麫ĵףǾ˵˵ĹϵҲôβƣһԼøйϵˡ
ҶٺһЦǿЦҪûʲô£Ҿȥˡ
ҶӦɫҲ˲٣ֹҳһЦ˵Ҿ͵Ϣˡ
˵ֽҶȥҶһ𣬱뿪ˡҶߺյߣʵ磬ΪʲôǲԼȥ麫ĵףһҶмˣô죿
첻ǺöԸģԼȥٻᱩ¶֮ǰҶԸС¶Ѿ˷ٲ˵ֱӺǷˡҶͺйڣ֪ҶڲҲǳϹϵǶſǶȥ֮ɡ˵꣬ͨҶȥıӰЦ
ҶĵطڵķЦ磬ԼǹʹǾͿ˭˭ɡԼǵò졣תһ⳵˾˵·źű
ϵҶͺһǸŮˣǸеΣյŮˡŮ˰ѵһƵŮɱ֣ȴֲǸŮоһѪζûɱˡĵɻֻټǸŮ˲ܽ⿪ˡţܿ͵˰·
˳⳵Ҷ￴˹ŵϢıûѾ˴ˡһһɫװˣ˼Ҷſƺ⣬ǰ˵ҶСѾþˡ˵һ롱ơ
Ҷ䱸ؿܣȻһصĵطͷѹ˳ӭӡҶһ˽ȥ˴Ҷ¥Ҷû뵽ǣԼľȻң
ʲôǲǰҴطˣҶɵˣ΢΢Ƿ˵С˼Ҷ˵꣬ҲһҶȥˣֻҶڷ
Ҷﻹûعѵԡҵһ椸òϴɣŮ˿ߵ˵һ䣬Ҫ𣿡
뻹ãԽҶԽԼѾ˷ӦŮǹ˵ζ·ڻŵԣڻŵⷿζζ⣡ҶӦг׼ѨλȥϿʼƽ顣
Ҷոջ㿴ˡŮ˽ûīΣһžӦǾȵҶҰֻ⴩һǰ
ҶһЦЦŮҪԼĽడ
ѵ㲻ϲ𣿡ŮһЦŤϸҶﻺ߹
Ҷб˲ռ˵һ§Ů˵̧Ůӵ򦣬ͷҪȥû뵽ŮͻȻƿҶ
Ҷƺ֮УһҲŮӵľٶŮƿҶȴֵҶʩչⷴҶˣ֪Ů˸ʲôӼŮ˵һҶ֪ŮΣգڿƺǼΣգķҶ²͸ʲô
Ů˲򵥰֮ǰЩٶȴҶ֪һЩŮٲɱ֡ɱǲԼĲӵģΪ͵ڰ͵˱ҶﻹѰ˼ţŮѾתˣһĻÿ˶һջ󰡣
ŮɾͲ˼ˣƿңڻֱӵһ˿ҡ㲻֪һ𣿡Ҷ˵ţ۵׻һ˿⡣
ŮȴЦһ£ʲôҲû˵ԹԵش³ҳ·ؾصشϡҶһ߿ŹֵŮˣǲ֪˵ʲôáҪǿԿ϶Ů˾Բ򵥣ԼһȰӲϹ˵
ǵһӻûֱˡŮ˺ͻأһ䡣
Ҷֱӷˣ㣬ټĵȷܺã˿ƲסҪйӰʮ룬Ҳˡ
Ҷ¶һЦ˵粻ˣ
ŮȴһЦҽˮơŮҽܵ
ôҽˣҶﻹΪŮ˻кٳһءŮ˵˼Ҷһֱû͸˼ôԼҲСˣҶ
Ҷвʰɣ֪ʲôܻشĶ㡣ˮһ˵ţһߺҶԶ˾롣
Ҷû뵽ˮƻôֱӣҲʡˣʡԼ˼׻ˮԲһͨŮˣҪĻǲס
ŮδЩˣǰӻЦڻʱİһ㡣ҶƣԼҲôɣŮһûеӡ
Ҷһ£˦ԼЩͷ˵⣬֪ʲôݣͺʲôϵҪǣΪʲô㣿
ҵ㻹ǲ֪ĺãںǺϵɡҿûŶˮǰ仹˵˾ģһֿʼζˡ
ҶʱˮǾԭǸӣҶޱȸпˮƵĻشʮģһʵʵĴ𰸶ûСҶʵ
Ҷ̾һ˵Сƺһⶼûа
ˮЦЦ˵ҶҲûг𣿰׿һװ׵õϢ𣿡
С˼ǣҪˣҶ⻰˼´ˮһֲۣķʽ̫ˣ֪СҪһ֣
Ҷǹƽһ㣬ݣұҵݣΣˮƱܿҶ˻⣬ЦЦؿҶ
Ҷﰵһ䣬ô֪Ů˲Ǻô򷢵ġҶȻܽԼʵݣˮƵֻԼˡûҶ˵ˮȴ˵һҶʵ̸һκ
ҶüһˮƣˮƼҶûлؾֲҶͺѹȥ鷭ƪҪټƽϣһԸ硣
ƾʲôһӦǺҶûоܾҲûдӦǷʳһ䡣
ˮҲƺʤȯյӣ΢΢Цһ£˵ƾұ֤һŪԺ󣬺ϼŲٶٻ֣һгںϵ
նҶ˵ЩĶ


062 ŵװ
ڵٻ˵ǺܲģвʵǺϼţ硣ȴ̫಻ȶˣ˵Լһע⣬ɱ¼ٷһΡٻİȫҪġ
ҶﲢûмŴӦʵƾʲô֤ϼŻ˵ٶٻ֣
ƾϻкϼŰٷ֮ʮĹɷݣˮն˵
δЩ̫˰ɣҶʱ벻ʲôԾܾġοڵͺǳ緭绳ɺ죬쿴Ѿˮߵˣ˫ضʱԼˮٻž͸ʱһЩˡ
ЩͷҶԺܿҲԥ˵ã
ˮһЦ˵ҶϣԺ졣ɷתЭܿãʱϵ
ҶͷٴοһˮƣɷֱӸ˵ҲһŮеģҲһСټˮƵ֪жſѹֺϺƺм־η
Һܺ棬СΪʲôܰأҶ̧ˮơ
ˮЦΪҶһˡ
Ҷü׷ʵô֪ҲһˣԼûˮǰֹԼʲô̫رĵطѵֻΪԼû˵⻬Ҳֻһ
ҷζƵġҶܿԼǷͲͨеġˮƻҶɡ
ҶҲǲ֪ô˵ˣŮ˺ܿ͸˵˼ȻԷԸ˵ʵԼ׷ȥҲûġ
ʱҶֻҶͳֻһʾơ
ˮƲԹɫıеģ㿪˵ЭһϵģҶ¾ȥæɡҶӦһֿˮһۣˮƽ˳ȥ
Ҷߺˮƶſյķ˵ɡ
³ƿһˣȻǺ죡
㶼˰ɣˮƺ䵭˵ɫЩѿߵسˮ˵ΪʲôҪٷ֮ʮĹɷݣҪ֪Ϣй¶˳ȥҶ³λÿɾסˣ
ˮЦ˵죬ƺˣĴѾתøҰٷ֮ʮİٷ֮ʮʵˡҪںЩС棬£׬Ǯǰٷ֮ʮö࣬ߣ϶࣡
ˮƵĻʱԼǴӺԽ˵飬ȴԼôһ鷳ȻɫϰԼԽİٷ֮ʮɷȫתøǰˮƵŮˣһһһ֮ͽνڡÿԼ
Լȴһ취ҲûУŮ˵ֶμΪ£֪ʲôڶʱִɶõٷ֮ʮĹɷݡڿ˵ȫˮơ
ˮƼƺŭ˵һ΢ú˵£Խ˵ͻؽУܿˡ
ȻԺԽɷݱתøˮƵºܲǺԽϾԼӣұ𺫸ԽˣСϽˮʱҲûʲôԺϲ£ҪҲûð취ֹֻ֮֮û뵽ԼһȴһŮ
˵ĸ˼Ҷ˾źűĴţͨƵĵ绰
ι㣬ʲô£ҶЩǸ˵
Ƶڵ绰ͷǵϴθ˵𣿾һҪβ顣Ҷ벻صز˵
ҶﾭôѣȻˣ˳С椡ȻǵˡҶ
п𣿡ƵЩҶ㼱ʵǳʲô𣿡
绰˵·ʮ˺ŰɡҶӦһƱҵ˵绰
Ҷֻ·Ϣ·ڽǴĲǲƸǵλ·סģһǹҵĸ߲㡣εȻ򵥡
˼һⱨϵ
·ʮ˺ſڣҶﰴ壬ܿһ걣˭
ҶﱨƵ֣걣ӦһͳԿ׸Ҷ￪šʱһſҶ￪Ȼɲͣ¡
壬˭ʲôɫŵİɣ˴Ҷʵ
Ҷ￴װУû˵ʲôǱҶΧүλСġ
װ⻰ȴûзŹҶ˼С㣿ǸѸôǹѸС
Ҷ⻰ֱӳһ룬һסװеѨװֻоԼѨλЩʹҶȴԼô˵
ʱƺһһһ˳װǿ˾һ㣬ȥָָԼ죬ָָҶ
״ȥ͵λͶүЩᣬȻү͡
û˵꣬ӱ˰֣˼ֶӿܺЩᣬҴǸ˵꣬ܳĵظҶһ΢ЦҶﲻ㿴һԵơ
ƽʱҲװУǱϾµģӵӲܲǰ˵͵Ҷ¶˰ɡ
ҶҲûؾƣȥװ߰룬װѨλ˼£װзԼ˵ˣڡҡ
סڣӿֹҶǸ
װû뵽һֱԼķӦЩţĻҲǱ˵˾䣬Բ𣡡
ɫÿһ£ҶЦ֮ǰС˵ҶҽһоʶҶĳҰ
ҶЦЦǫֻϴһЩԶƤë֪
˵꣬ӱҶ˱Ҳһ㡣
װȴͣſڣҶıӰЩ޺޵˵ţȻͳֻͨһ绰롣
ҶŽ˱ܿͿһ
ôҶЩȡҶεЦЦָָһԵƣ˿ġ
ƣƵͷ㲻ɻ󣬻˼˵һ䣬˵ⲡ㻹Ρ
һԿţҲ˵¶ҶҲ˼ΣҺԨԴ⼸λĲҲһֱϣ˵ϣǿ϶аյġ
ȼ˵¥ϱ㴫Ӷ˵ľүӻȥˣ
һѸٱܡ䣬Ҷ㿴ڴϵˣʮӣڵҲɿǰϡ
ûӿ˵ʲôҶͳ룬ھɿùʮס˵ļšȻ̽˵
һ̽ҶеˣҽϾǻͳɼڵҽѧϲǸ󲹾ǸӪҺ˵ôôࡣ
ֻҪ赼ã¶ͺðˡҶгӣϣʵҶ𣿡


063 Ҳ
үӵĲҴ֪ˣİɣµġӦðСʱүӾˡҶﰲο
үӺȶ֮ǰҲԷʱſʼʽҶһԼҶҽԶζлҶæҸĲ黹Ҷġ֮ǰ˵Լ֣ǻȷҶǷܹˣڿҶȷбµģſʼ˽ύ˼
ˣֱӽҶͺáҶԶ֮ǰǰ㣬Ҳ顣οƺ˵ĹϵҲǶš
ԶˬһЦðɣҶҲýʲôˣ󣬾ͺƤˡԶҶеҪˬˡ
ҶֱŵĿɽǺģУ磬ֵˡ
һԿţҲּɣϾҶġȴҶˣֹһ䣺
ԶҶ꿴˵ľ飬ټҶڵı֣ԽͬҶȻ˸ֵܣⷹɾͲܲˣҶһǺúúСҲһȥɡ
壬ҾͲȥˣе˽¡һҲ뿴Ҷ뵽ҪҶԷǸǾûθڡƼȥԼһŮҲ˺ȾƣҲƴˡ
Զûʲô⣬˺ȾƣҪ֣ŮнһЩҶﵹǿһɾС椶ԼһĴ󰡣
ĸһ¥ûſڣһӶǰסԶԶ߶˼䡣ԶһЦҶ˵治˼ʱеµһҶȥƵңһ͵
ҶĶƽЩڰ֣ûϵ¾ȥæںˡ
ԶҶȲϿҶ漴Ҷͳſڡ˱ٲ˼ˣһû˵ţҲ֪ǲǿϹϹײġȻԼҶȷģǱϾԼҲѧҽģԼҶúܱҶһ׸Ƶļһ
Ƹ뿪ڵ˵ĹϵҶȴѾȿˣǲǿһ²֪ˣҿ֪ܶѨλģʲôѨλ˸е˷ܡ˵¶һ
ܹĿŵĵϷСһ˸۸ʱСͨ죬㡭˰Ҳûһ仰ȻѾ֪ôҶźãֻٴκݺݵԼҶåԼȵԼ뵽ıʡ
Ҷ˸Ĵ󷢣ʲô㣿˵Ҫ𣿡˵껹ɷнµͳһǰȥ
״ˣֱһҶҶôıҪǱСߵòˡ
Ҷ룬˲ͬʱһֻֻץסСȣһֱֱȥ촩һװҪǽĻ⻹߹⣡
Ҷ˫֣벻Сô±ݰһûǴᱡ͵ĿӣֱȽϺÿҶѡÿҧúأ챻ҶˣҶ޵ҪԼҶǶֻ֣ơ
һԿ˰죬ҲҶҲЩ۸СŮˣǰԲҶ۸ˣ¶ҪܵģҲʶǸһ簡
⻰ҶЩ⣬漴ǰԼϵȻװģ˵Сû°ɣҴв
ٴθиҶƤ񣬲ҲƽϣƽȥԼԿģʱ뷨޲ԶҶմ·ϵĻҳݺݵɿҶһۣߡһתԼˡ
С椣Ƣ󡣡Ҷ￴ԶȥĳӰ˵
Цҹƾһ˸ĵƢȻҿ鷳ɾʹˡ
ҶЩ⣬ĵƢҪ֪֮ǰľٶԼһŵλãžһȺòãԼֻһͨˣǾֱӰԼԸԼôԼϱٻȻʮֻɵƣ˼ǣȷ
ƼҶɫŹ֣һЦˣˣˣԺ֪ˡɲ򵥡ϳҰȥ죬ȥǱ߰£˳·ƴ򿪳ţԼȥʾҶϳ
ҶҲƿֱ˸ݵλá򵥣ǼʲôģҶץסƵһ仰˭֪ƽſҪרΪɣǲϸҶҶθڿǱˡ
ҶԹưҶ͵ƵſڱˡҶһںĿƵĳӰԶȥԼ׻һ·ƾؿƿԴˣҶʾΡҡͷ߽Ƶ꣬Ѱ˼ʲôΪײһˡ
˼ҶǸ˵˾䣬̧ͷһһͽ׳Ĵ󺺣󼸸Ҳǽ׳ͣϵƣɱ˵ġ
Ҷʱһ߲Ƶĸо鷳˰ɣԼȽϰûȥĶ۸˰ûҶֳײ˾ͿˣǲǽҶ
ȻԸԼģҶһ⼸ˣԼӦûʮȫŵͻȻЩԹ鷳ҲģԼþöûˡЩȻָʹĻ֮˭Ҫġ
Ҿǣ˭ģҶ￪żɽʵ
֪ˡ˵꼸ΧסҶֻһȱڣͷҶʾ⣬ҶҲԥ˹ȥ
˰Ҷ˵ͣңʱֱһ˳ҶԴӳһȭҶֳûһ˵ѨϣֶʱеҲҶ﹥ҶһŴһ˵ؿڣ˺˼ײһˣʶЩ˵ʽҶжЩ˶ǾˣҲ̽ˣһӣȫ
Ҷ￴ЩڵϵˣƲƲ˵ھ˵ˮƽҲ̫˰ɣڵϵ˷׷޺޵ؿҶ
ҶﲻҪɱ񣬱һԼλĺɫ˵ү𣿡
Ҷ￴ʱ򣬶Ļʹ˭Ѿµ߰˷֣Щ˱ȷǾ˺Ҷ˵ǰٷ֮ٿԿ϶ˣָʹ߾֮ǰռõү
ȻϣүԼѾ¶ˣ򿪳ҶȻڼ˵Χ¶ƽ£Щ£һֱڳź󣬡ҶҸ㣬˭֪ģҪǸҴңҾ͡ûĻ
Ҷ￴ٵӣֱһӣ⻰ôôһ䣺ҪǸҴңҾ͸裿Ҷﲻˣ֣˵Ҳ㡣


064 п˵
ٺɵؿҶ㲻ƭң
ҶЦˣƭ㡣֪ҲǲƭġҶﰵԼһ䡣ʵͦġ
Ϊ棬ǹϳҶ˹˭֪Ҷһסٵ·Ȼýſٵϥ䣬һû·Ҷﾾסûֱˤڵϡ
㲻˵ҵ𣿣̧ͷһƭҸίʵ
ҶҡҡͷΪԼû㣬ֻԼöԲҲŹģҪҴʹɵϡ˵ƳƳڵЩˡ
Ҷ֮ˣԼøмҶٸɴʾ뿴Ҷһı飬û˵̫ˣʰġ
ٲ廹ãһỹҶˣԼոպԶֵܣԼٵˣ
뵽Ҷ̲סЦԼֶӣͲ۸ˣӣֶӵķݶϣҾͲƽˡ˵ſ١
ٵɣվ˭ֶӣҴСû塣
ҺԶոֵܣ˵ǲ壿Ҷζؿ١
һ𾪣ʲôܣƭңһƭңҲӣҶҲε̯̯֣ʵҲİôֶӣҳȥ˼Ҷ˺öꡣŮϲˡû취ʵˡ
ٿҶ⸱ʧ󡱵ӣĺȥҶһ٣˿߻ڵǼλ뻹ˣɲΪԼܱ⼸ֵߡ򲻹ֻðڳһ˵ʲôҲŵӸҶ￴
ʱҶֻˣҶ绰绰ǱԶҶϵܰĶأںƵķ㡣
簡ѾˣϾ͹˵绰Ҷֻǰ˻Σ㿴Ҵ绰ҪȥԷˣҪһȥǲǵý壿
ٷƶҶڴţԼô׾ϸֵܣȥȥ˭˭ҿ㵽ʱôݡ˵Ҷһ뿪˵³⣬Щ˻ڵϡ
һ·ٻԼôԶ״˵˵Ҷ۸Լ£ȻʱԼҪôʰҶԽԽ̹һ·õظҶ˷
һ뵽ϿԸԶ״ˣŲɼӿ˼ֱ֣ԽҶȽȥһԶ㱼ȥڿˣǽһԶڿŲ˵˽һ̧ۣԼֶӣûôٴ߿壬۸ҡ˵꣬ϲίģĲٵ䡣
Զôˣ㿴Ҷ±㲻٣ֱӭȥٿԶԼ߹еůԼã㽫Լ׼õĳƪ߿һͨʱȴԶִԼҶļ
⡭ô£ٶʱԼ˼ˣٵһƬУԶеؽеҶϵ֮ܰǰ治˼еҪŴϵˡ
ҶһûϵССµӣһ𹴼ȫһõӣʱңоԼѾˡᣬʵҲʲôˡ
ٺˣ׼ĬĬȥʱ򣬱ԶסˣС죬Ҹһ£塣
ٿԶ֣˵ֵʱָҶĶֻоԼ綼ڰˣҶʱ˲䶼öԷͷ϶һԶħǡԶԼȥԼǶ㲻ģٰһᣬɣԶķ߹ȥзˮ׳ʿһȥⲻζ
Ҷ￴ٵӣʵڸеͬ飬ӡһɬµҶǰԶٽһҶС죬Ҷɡ
ٶˣܱ𣿻ҪԼҶ壬壬ǲ尡ôԶǲ֪ģҲֻĲ鲻Ըؽе壡
ҶЦЦЦرشۣҶﻹشӦһµĲҶһԶҶӦ˵֮ǰС첻£ϵܾͲҪСƽˡ
Ҷڰ֣ϸģҸûϣοֶӶѾҵǸˡ˵ЦЦؿһۣԶΪҶ˵ſڵĵǸֻ֪Ҷ˵µǴΣͻȻоԼƺѾڳѪˡԶһ仰ٺȻȬʰϣ
һһиֶŮҪС׽㣬ǿʶһ¡Զ˵仰Ǵ˼ѪƵãҪҪȥɣ˵껹ӸҶһ˵ԼҽƢٿ˽úܣǾԲԼģʱ϶Լ
ҶٵҲֻƲƲ죬ҪǸηʥôѪˡûٳȥˣҶһϤòϤС죬㱻˭۸ˣ涪ҵˡ
ȣҶһû뵽ȱôҶﾪȣ٣ӦС˵ģһȥסոսȣ˵㣬Ǳ۸ˡûС˵ֱ꣬ȴˣҾ֪֮ǰ濴ˣҵȥ˴˰ɣӻˣ˵ɣ˭۸ȵĵܵܣҺ
ȵĽüСǺݺݵصͷţ˵׼ָҶԼͷҶȵʵô
ҶЦЦָָԶԶҶһʶӣһЦʶǾͺˣȣҸ˵ĽµֵܣԺˡ
һŹ֣Ҷ壿ҶͷȷʵŬԼʵӶҶԼ壬ԼͺٻǹۣǺٻҶô㣿һ⣬Ҫú˼
û˼Сͳ˳·ع񣬡㣬㲻˵ұ𣿡ȻȺҶʶСһֲԤУǻ̲סһԡ
Լܵܿǻ۸ˣҶռԼ壬¿ɲܰױҶôҶﾡСǺʹСߵҶǰ˵С죬ûѣ壬֪
Сں޲һͷײ⻹Լ׽
ǰС죬˭۸㣬ңȥʰҶһװǻƵ˵СһۣѵҪԼԼǲǳ
СȻһָо쿿ز翿ԼѿڶҲҪǰˣҪԼȥ˵СŷӦԼ˵ʲô뷴ѾˣΪԶѾݺˣ⺢ڶˣ
簡ûаСѾʼˡԶпǸӰֵܣȻС컹öˣ֪ҪԼܶˡϵܣǽ飡
һ㣡Ҷ̬ҲһؿС죬ҲһοĸоС죬ھǲеİҪúˣǺŶҶ򲻹ѵһɡ
ﲻݣСʱֻоһĨڡ


065 ³
СӦԶȤʵôȣѵҶϵܺ
ȿ϶صͷȻԸϣǵȷʵ֮ǰҶǼνд衱Щ̡
ԶעѾתƵҶϣ򻹻ΪֶŮǲ̸ˡҶԶԼֻεصͷֻѧзѡѵҶǫ顣
ԶһɾˣϵܣҸʱ䣬һдд衣û뵽ϵ㻹֡
ҶЩɵؿԶһ߲쵼Ĵ磬ôôŵģȻд裿
ȿҶ⻳̲ס˵ɱС壬뵱Ǻɨȫӵ۲ûһܱҪǺˣھξԲڽ
ȣǶǹȥˣˣһϵֽһ£þûˡԶڰ֣úᵱ£ڵԼǲǰˡ
Ҷм仹ôһ۵Ĺ£пѹԶһ쵼ʵȴƫںˬԭˣǵġ
ǴҺʱ䣬ʱ㡣ҶЦԶΪҶﻹһ£Ҷĺøַһ뵽ȵ飬ҲƺС찡ҿ˵ҲеȥӲãѵһʱɡôˡ
С֮ǰۼ˰ѻ⳶Զˣң˭뻹ûԶ䲻ôһ䡣С춼Ҷˣ֪պαصԼҪûڴſڿҶҪû࣬Ҫûд鷳һǺõģ
Ҷ￴СǷ޶޲ӣ⺢Ҳǹġ˵ʵԼҲȷûǸʱСӣԶ˵ϸ磬үӵҪúоһ£¿Ҫһ
Ҷôһ˵ԶҲԼүӵҪӻͷ»ҲСΪ˱СͻȻڣԶǺذѵС񽻸ȡ
СʱһôȺԼģҶǸǿˡС쿴ҶͶһҪмҵʱСͷһŤһҾԲ㵱˵ӡÿԼҽһڿԼС첻ѵһĭ
ҶҲµӣʱΪСǰ·еǡԼҲֵÿ֣СڰʯͷԼĽҶﻹСټһҩС찡Ҫʱָġ˵ҲܶҧгݵС죬Զҳ
ȵסС죬ϸοʼѵĻ⡣ĸ˼س١硱һ˾Ƶꡣ
ȵѾеߵԶסҶҪҶؼҲŷģҶﲻпϸ̫ˡȫȾƾԶȵˡȳС죬ֱӰԶСϣĳ˵ȸˣȥͰɣҶͽˡ˵ҲСǲܿסԶҶݳˡ
С쿸űԼ֪ضٵԶվھƵſᡣ
㣬ôͱ屲ˡһ߿һ˵
ҶڳһǷࣺǰ治˼ԺҪˡǵԺҪ壬ҪòҪϰסҶ￪ʼNɪûꡣ
ȺݺݵҶһۣҶﻹס죬ҶֱֻճֱȭҶȥûͣҶֻܰһһȭǣȵֲȻȴǴһ֣ϺȻ÷̡
Ҷƺδ촽õʲô˪㰡
Ҫܣйϵ𣿺ߣ˵꣬ţ˲ҶˣƢǾúˣȳ̫£ȿ쭳ģ˵ˣʵڲУԼ
Ҷһ˵ȻйϵˣҪȥҼϱȥ˵ǽһġȲŲҶĹҶ˵ٻԼ֮ǰ⣬ͻȻܹسҶЦЦ壬òã
Ҷ￴Цһֻ꣬ʱһֲõԤУ˹ȥʰɣһ𡣡
Ȱڳһϵʵ尡㿴ҺٻٻǿǺýã˵ǲٻٻҲúһ尡ĻٻٻͲܼ޸ˣȻ˵ȥ˵껹һĲӡ
ҶﻹϵֻռȱˣҶôʡ͵ĵƣͷһתûϵϱҲɡ
û뵽ҶƤѾǽˣԼһռı˲˵ѺٻԼˡöԼڿˣתͷ׼Ҷúۣ˭֪ʱһóǿҶۼֿؿסֺ̣ܿ絽ʻλסɲűܹȥ
·ͣ£ҶŷԼȻѹϣȫ泵һƿҶȴҶ֮ǰ絽ʻʱһֻסȵ·͵һƣҶﻹûüŵֱǡ˻һ
·ˣ¶Ȱ⻬磬˶ʱ۵СۡȳҶİϣҶ֣å
򿪳һűҶҶʼϲһֱ˳
ȼ˿ҶﷴӦĻᣬϳţſˡ
Ҷ￴ܻĻı˵ˣӰûһԼǵ·ȥҶﰵС̫ˣԼոտһôԾôĶԼˣ
ԼôȽռı壬⺢ôôϰأлĴͳأ
Ҷޱȸпʱ򣬺Ҳʾͬ飬Ҷһˡ
ȥμһѾۻᣬ·ϻˣٿ䲻һӰһǱӰԽԽϤ˲ŷֹȻǸˣ޵Ҷ뵽ۻϻĳˣʱԼҶϣ
Ҷϳɣһ̡Ҷͣ³򿪳ţҶ˵
ҶϵеЩԣ˵С椽챻ԼǺһ۸ڲ侮ʯͲˣȻҪôģҶʾɣʲôèɣ
Ҷţһĵ˵ô㵨ӶûУֲ㡣ҶﱻôһҪʲôˡ
ֻǾЩϲ㿴ˣҪԼɣҶϳĵһ仰һģһῴ㣿ʡʡɣ֮һҪÿֹ
ͨǰεĽѵᶨһ·ϲҶôԼտڲԵԭҶһ·ϺġС椱ˣҶܽᡣ
ˡ˵ˣҶҪĵ˯ŵʱ


066 Ů˶ǻˮ
Ҷ￴˿ܵĻɻһĶҶһۣ˵˵һ̣û˵Ҫͻؼҡ˵ֱ˳ȻҶӳק
Ҷ￴Ҫʲô˵ֻȻӣ֪ˣһ˸¶Բԣ
ٴαҶﶼЩ£ҲûôģȥطҾͰͻȥ
ΪʲôҪȥǡҶﻰ˵һ룬ͣһ£һЦؿҺô
Ҷͨ죬һ뵽һҶƽ˵һ˴绹ҵĹأͲӦûرһ£
ҶЩӦС椵ķӦ˵¶ǺѲ˹ϵҶ̯̯֣εðɣ˵ɣҪҸ
ʱüЦ˵ܼ򵥣ȥطˡ˵ҲҶ𲻴ӦҶһȥ
ˣҵþˡҶһһһװӭ
Ҷ￴ܵڳЩ˵Ĵ磬ԵڿһpartyѹҲװˣһһѸ
ӣһʱץҶ֣Ȼ˵˼״磬ˡ
״ӿǣҶ֣кһǻǱҶﲶ׽ˣӻû˵ָҶ˵״磬Ҹһ£Ҷѡ˵꿴ҶһЦ
ҶҪ⣬ЦӦСǰԼˡ״Զ˼ԼСݺˡҶͷһתȻݺˣôҲܳԿǣ
Ҷһֱֻ§׵һֻ֣ҽҶ
衣Ҳһֻ֣Ҷסȴ͵һݺסҶҶɱ΢Ц˽˺þáҶһ§ֻо̣ԼֲƿҶǾǰʯͷԼĽţ˽սʱûע⵽ҶڰнϾȻҲûע⵽
Ҷһֱ治ɫȴðϸʱŴһ߹һмˣ磬Ǳм㡣˶˵ҶˣĬһһ֡
һҶȴһȭҶҶĳкܣдһ¡
Ҷɿһ˵ãʱ򡣡ͷֶ˵ȥһ£һpartyˣؼҡ
ŻعЩε˵ˣҶҾˡ
ôУҲؼң˵ûչ˺õģ̇ԼףҲͲ˵ʲôˣֻӦһ
ҶԴûʲôԼ͵ġͺǸˣ˵ҪҶд裬ʱʼҶ군ˣ״ȭһġ
ŶôҶЦؿѵ֮ǰǽ־Ľû𣿲ϻûȫȥĺΣҶʲôŶˣĲҶһ䡣
Ҷ޺޵˵ɱ⣬ʱġҶܺĶţĻȴҶһ㣬Щȭȭֶ򲻹״磬Сˡ
ȭףòǸͷ˵ĶӰɣҶﾪȣҪĻС椻е㲻򵥡ѾͷҲ̫˰ɣҪԼֻǸͨˣǲñѾͷݺҶѰ˼ԺǲǸѾͷԶһ㡣
̫ԸȥӦЩһֱڱϳŶҶҲһ߲ԲȣʱʱϷһС椣˵۶Ůˣʲôʱȥҳ
ԴֱӸҶһǰۣҰֿģ㻹ʡʡɡ˵һ䣬֮ǰǸ˱ˡ
߰ɣȥ˵ţʾߵǸȥһ˹˹
Ӧһ˳ҶҲ׼ȥȴǸסˣҶ˵ԼȥɡСҴ;ˡ
ҶζؿŮôñأҵȻҪȥˡ˵Ҫϳû뵽ǸֱһȭҶҶһסһ߱ڵء˻ٴȴҶûһߡ
ˣǰֹҶǸˡȰ͵Ҷ飬ҵܵ᲻£Ҷԭ¡˵ַԸµˣҶĳȡ
ȴ˵ҶСĳġԣһ˿
ʱΪҶ˵Ķ֣ΧҲΧ˹һŻĴŮƺͽ裬ƺΪҶʲôȻŮ˵ĳòʲôƭƭɫСɣ
ҶƳһۣŮ˱Ҷסˣס졣Χȴ۷׷ףﰵﶼҶ
ϵԴּɵģ׼ң׼Ҷү׷㣬Ƣּǳ𣬱ԼֻԴʰһҶģû뵽Ȼ׷㣬ԼǰҶ۸ԵĿˡ£ҪҶôճ
ҶһЦ֪ôģҲΧۣѳϵۼ￴Լ³ġҶôһԿϷأҪʼٸˮУȻԼǿˣ
Ҷﱧס˵⣬ˣҺбҪ죬Ͳˡ
ҶԼŮƵģﰵգԼȴֲ˵ʲô迴ţҶﱧסĶԵøۣô˵棬ԼķȲܶǾ鷳Ҷȥˡ
Ҷôô仰ζŮƵģҲüƽϣԶȽϺá
ԼǱСˣΪֻǸͨӸ磬ڶԷƻǸͷ˵Ķӡڴٻ˲٣ԼҪһע⵽ٻţǿɾ鷳ˡ
ҶҲЩˣߣԼҪҪȥ赽ǲǻˡҶߵôر㻹۸ңڳԱ˰ɣ
һĳҶʲôģ
һЦ˵ô֪ˣ
ҶһҿǱݺˣҪǲ˽һһͱݺô죿
ҶһΪԲҵӣԽԽǳϿҵ˵ġһܿĵġ
ҶǸNɪ̲ס²۵Ů˶ǻˮ¿ʼ˼ǲҪȥһϿ⣬ȴͻȻһ䣺֪𣿡
ҶһȻǻ𣿿鷳ˡ


067 㳵å
ҶҲЩŭ
ǹֵշת֪˶ĴۣŵǸ֯ŻعȹԶЩɱɱȴ粻ֹ
Ǻ죬Ƿʲô
ееǰƽ
նˮ˳ϲңҶ°̾
鷳ɲ鷳浱Ӻ۸ôҶ΢΢
һ濪ųһƳȴƼҶǵЦݡ
ι㲻ɵ˰ɣ֪˰ɣ˵ĵ⣬Ѿ۸
ǰǰҺú£Ҷʮϵض˶磬һĻ￿˹ȥ㣬ң
˵˫һϸ֫ҶĻУҷŨ˱ǶҶսĲӣԾز˲䣡
һηӦʱŭһåҲƿŵķֺֻ̣ץҶͷơ
ʱʻ˽ģһ·ڡһ˴תͷıȴȻ˵سײ˹ȥ
֣֣֣˾һɵˣ
ιСĳҶһ
һɵˣܵر˫ۿɲ
ţֻźƱʲôסڿն𡣡̡̡һ̥Ħ䣬Ȼһġӡϡ
ףôʹЩ۾·治ϰ룬ľٵˣеĳϳˮ
ѵۻˣŵصɴ۾Σûг𣿡
ȻˣһӶϴһͷȥȴ֪ʱҶĻ
һ̧ͷɶҶӣôô޷Ŵ󣬺ϣǴŵЦȻһ˵ĹĵӣԾƬϼȻԾӡ
ʲô·ϳҶæһ˫һƣҶĻ
֣ҶڳһֻסһҲЩˣովҶ˼ұ˾һͷײ·ߵĻ̳֪ŮǻˮҲҪô
ˣʶǸҶӡǸɵĳå
ҡ㡭ңһʱ䲻֪ɴһͷȥŴ⡣ҹĻУƳϣ޺˸ܶŦԼʱŮʼոһ
Ҷһ濪ųǼŮǶصҷһʱЩڸ
ͻȻЩŤҶĻоǲڡ
ȻЩԾԿ׿ˣ
˵꣬һͻȻʲôŭһͣ
ͣͣҶֳϿҵ֪㹦ĿǰͲֵܰ𣿡
ܻͣŤӣŭȲֹ
ãããͣͣ
·ߣͦȣѴ˳ţشҶԶ
˴ҴңһĸСкվվǰȹһһŮشӱ㳵ԺԾչɸп£ǲǣʲô£ǿϧδֱ
ιĳҪ𣿡ҶĪͷûعڵĸԽԽˣˮƽҲԽԽˣͺŮˣǺѣͱ
׬֪ڷչô죬ȥʲôӶҶԳЦЦ
Ҷƿűص˺ٻıŽţͷֺٻɳϿļ
ϱô˻ڹҪעϢǸıǮ
ߣٻһԶеļһ˲˲ȴ˵°ɣΪٻŰĸˣ޹ʧһ죬ʲôԭ򡣡
ðˣȥ
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ҶＷȥźٻɳϣҽ߲ҽ㲻𣿡
ٻŤӣȰϵˮζϴɾ˵
ҶٺһЦãϱһɣҰ걳
ٻҧҧһƤôԼͲĶ֣ɴһԲţţţŸ߸Ь¥
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ֵܣ飡ҶһǰУҲеô̫ƽ
򿪵ԣҶ˫ָɣٴֽйϵͳڲݿ⣬йػĽܡļֻɲؽ˼ﾭӪĵºȭ͵¶ĳһϵеԱƬ衢׷ûڡ¼ڵĴͷһš׻𡱵׸磬ʮꡣüۺ衢׷мơ
ǲҪ鷳ȻҾ֪ʲô鷳ҶĵЦ
ЩϢļҶ˳ϵͳźۼּ¼صԡ
ʱڽнһƬȺһ伫εķװ˵ı档ͬûһƹ⣬ֻڷյĿռ˸ƣѬ˫ۡ
ˡҶٻűӶӳ
δ䣬һѽӵϣһƴ˹ȥ
ʲô˼ǸҶһӳ㵱Ұ׳𣡡
Բ𣬴٣ͽ˼ȥ飡
μסˣҪ֪ҶʲôģҪٽЦңȻ㶮ã˲÷ںڰĿռһУֱġ
װһ£æӦǣ֤СʱδԶٷֶһ
һҶǰɣҿɲʲôҺŮˡ
۵׵˲

ѵ˯һþҶʮֲ𴲵ʱĶžͷѾüûдͷѾסŨڵüëҶҲ⣬ֻãʵǸõ͵һˣ˧ùǲ·һߣ֮
ٻȴһû˯ãһҲ֪Щʲô߰㡣ԼǲɲĵĴ磬ȥĸĸףʱ֡ԺĲЩףȴǸĳåҶ
ԼôˣǸĴܲʲôģһֿһžɵЦﲻһơ֪ĻٻһԵ¥Լļ˳˾ʻȥ
ȥոҲдҶŷӦЩί¥źٻʻĳιϱȵȣһûϳأ
㲻г𣿡ٻػһ䣬סѾٵʮΣߴΣٳٵͰ㿪ˣ


068 
ҶȻûгٵһӣλƵذѳͣ˵³⣬ŲӣſڣһתűԿף߽ٻŵĴţϰ࣬պþŵ
ҶսţϴǱ˲תƵϡӭмصҶ磬ϴεҪл㣡⼸Ҹо񶼺öˣͷҲˣ˯Ҳˣ
ҶٺЦҲţ
ϴϻæͷģƭ㡣⼸ζûˣ
ǻͷҿɵúúüһ¡
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Ҷ鲻㲻˵˯𣿽˯ǲǱǰ˯úˣ
ϴһ죬ͷҶᣡ
ҶٺһЦ
ϴע⵽ҶеĳԿףҶ
ҶЦ͵ġ
ŶϴջĿ⣬˲óȡǰҶҽôãôգȻ࣡
Ҷǫصҵ˸ࡣ
ȷʵһʵϴȴ޷Ҷ˵䣬СС⺣ѾסˡҶ綼гˣǱͬǱΪʲôҶȴԼôಽҲҪץŲҶĲһ嵽ҶǰдżŵʵҶ磬¥ģ
Ҷ˵ͷǰǳȵĿ⣬ǫصʲôʲô߶ѡСӣгҪֶ尡˵С⺣޵ļתȥ
⼸ҶЩӦԼݻǴɱǴɱǵңǵҾǼӡѵôİֳŵշҶӾдҪͬǰϦ
Ȼʱٻôſڵļӻʻ˼гĳðɣǾ
ʲôҶһʺţѵǹ˾ǿŮɷ˵˭˭˭ӳǽϹٱˣӳǽҲɣ
Ҷϸϸ˼ƷѾ߽˼ңͷһӶҶҶ԰ɣãǻһйأһˣ
ʲô
꾯Աָżػе³ıҶ
͵ģҶ
꾯Աüͷ˱˰һˣصϸڵɳٽͰɣ
꣬Ѿݣ鷢չˣҶĻܲô£
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ѵܲŵᾯԱϵغȵ
ܲͷƬ˰ɣҶ￴ΧֵԽԽ࣬ϴϺ⺣һеĿҶ˼߿»鷳ǵͷðɣҸߣ
ᾯԱüЦŶ̬Ҫߴ·ҪؼҪ߻ģһ򷨹飬ȡм꣡
˵ͳҶȥ
ҶѸһĨᾯԱ͵ҶУҲϲ⣡˵űӵ󣬶꾯Ա߰ɣǰ濪·
ᾯԱͷŭôıӣŭȴҶѾ𲽳ͷȥͬҲȥæȥ
ɢ˶ɢˣҪҪϰ࣬СúܿнˮҶڰ֣ɢȺ˾ιƾͺϰк˾һ
ϴģҶ˧ץô
⺣ޱϲҶı͵ģϴ侲侲ҶﵽһʲôˣԼĻǸˣϴôһ˵ͺͷһˮԼбҪһϴˣǱ˵ԭҶĳ͵ģ¿ɲˣƲϸһǳˣ
δ䣬ȴϴߵص˵ʲôûҶ˵͸𣡿϶Ǿˣ
⺣޼ˣǡ
ϴϣߣŲԣƣˣ˵Ŷ˶ţŭŤͷߣ

Ҷ￿ɳѶҵӺԾشŹǷᾯԱһơŸձҵμӹźòиӣڿԴ֣ȴû뵽ҶƤ
㻹ǸϽɣ̹״ӿܴϣ˵͵ģ͵Ḷ́ϸһ飡ᾯԱĵذ仰ظ˵ʮ顣
ҶɴŹǷҲɻ󣬲Ӧð˯ûԣôľô
ʹõʲôߣʲô
Ҷﹾһʿˮưưͣ˵еˣҵ裡
˵ţᾯԱҲԼеˣæԼ˱ˮóлҶҲҶﵹһ
Ҷͷһۣҡҡͷ˵ҪȲ裡ûо㽲£
ᾯԱһӣǿ벻̣ﷸǹһôһûУ˵»˵£Ҫ㽻
ããã˵˵ȸҵ裬Ҿ͸˵
ᾯԱһϲѾӲ֪ڿ˰ɣӰˣӳӦûṫñҰɣţᾯԱƨƨߵȥ˵Ҷĩһ裬ݸҶ
ҶһڡŶȣС
ᾯԱ°ŭȴҲѹʵǿʼɣ㡪
Ҷ
䣿
һʮˣ
һʮˣƭأʵ
Ҿһʮˣżһ㲻ԣ
ߣϣƭң
㻹ʣ
ߡЩҲԣ齻£
ãŮҡᾯԱæñʼ¼Ҷ˵ţ;Ұϣ磬ָǲ̸ˣƨر̣ҲԲرͦʱҡ
ᾯԱһߣעǣ
ҶæǸŶԲ𣬶Բβز
ᾯԱ߳˭˵Щˣ
Ҷס˵µ𣿡
ᾯԱ㽻ô͵ĳţ
ӹҲУ
У
ҰˣףðɣҼ˵¹ȻǾڳ
֪ͣͣͣˣڳϻˡ
Ҷˣҿû˵ȻҲ룡
ᾯԱչԼ߼ȻûŮΣӳ⣬һ˼ݳ룡˭뵽ֻ֣©ǧ㣬ȴû㵽еľѳˣѾǵУԲԣ
Ҷ˵ͷ̣̾ȷʵǧû㵽
ˣȥȥɣĿڹʲô⣿ûĻǩְɣᾯԱ¼ݸҶָǩ֡
Ҷ̯̯˵Ǹд֣
ᾯԱӡҲУ
ãҶ˵ͷžһƳᾯԱ˹ȥָͨͨӡ˲ԾȻϡ
㣡㣡㾹ȻϮ
Ҷգգ۾е޹ʵӡӡ𣿡
ᾯԱᣬӡ
˵ҰˣҰˣȫҶҰˣǲ̻ҰˣᾯԱڣڣڡϴܣʱ򻹲֪Ҷˣˡ
ǰǼҵձҵҲûʲôӿһչ֣òҲҲСĵ룬Ȼ룬ʣ˭֪ȴҶϷŪһҲֻοƢͲСﻹʲôֱִͳƤʮأֱҶк
ִŹҺú£ҪҪҶɤӿ񺰣ȴЦ⡣
˵ʱʱ죡ᾯԱľûݵҶǰҶѾѶվһ粽ʹϷ˹ȥᾯԱžһ̡̡̡ĵֱᾯԱԼĶϴ˹ȥ
ᾯԱһ鴤Ű۶˵ϣ˹ȥ
ҶٺһЦ˵ţͼͼɭƣ


069 ҲԵ
ֵڵľԱ߹ôˣҶģᾯԱ˵˾䣬û£
ٴǰᾯԱߵƷҳԼֻٻ˸绰Ƭ̣ٻѾͨ
ι
ٻѾ⺣ϴ֪ҶﱻߵϢЩżһҶĵ绰˲˪
ԣҶﻹǴĻһ˿УһʱЩĻصϱǱԩģҪݺң
ߣãٻЩɸֵص죡
ιιιҿй£ɵչһɵöҸ𰡣
绰ûлظҶЩżصϱҪˣЩȻõңȭߣѶƹ伫ٲҪɹѸ
ལལཡһƬä˹ٻȻ˵绰
ҶҲȷٻʲô˼Ŷӣ۾˯ǲԼȥˣɾҡڵ߳ȥԺһ鷳
˼䣬ֻȴһƬӡҶ΢΢һЦѾͷվӲ
ʱѶҵĴŴ˿
ٻɳֳֳͬһſڡ
ҶվҪ˵ίֳֻЦţһϵסֵҶǰɣǶԲסԲס
Ҷ΢΢һЦϵصûϵܵίûϵʼҵģվỹף
ֳȻ˵ţίҶˣ鶼ˣһжһᣬǼΪʰʩһʧԵĳʩҶʾл
ҶﺬһЦٺ٣ллͲˣҪʲô֮ҵԽܣ
ţһˣ㻹ΪǼΪ
Ҷصѵôº£ȴСݣȴɲĵаܾȻЦԣĴηѵͲӦñһô
ٻصҪ㣡һӰɣʱ֪ˣ
Ҷίصϱҿܾί˵ģͲ֪οһ𣿡˵ָڵµᾯԱ㿴þңҽѶƹִŹôίҶûһԣ⳥ʿ䣬ἺΪˣΪ෴˹ΰҵ˽ܳס
ȣͣͣͣ˼۸㻹۸˼ңڵϰ
ǰ춼ڰң֪ίģľ©磬ԼˣɲҶְ
ˣˣ߲ߣҪҹǿɲˣ߰ɣȣǻȥɣٻͷػ˻֣Ҳ԰֪һﲻԿ˼ôżʲôأ
ٻаޣһռԼˣԼôż޲Щˣ
Ŷ߰ɣҶæźٻ˳ȥ߳ѶҵſڣͻȻʲôƵģͷλֳлλͣǻȥɣ
ֳЦӯӯص˵ͷǣǣǣԲ𰡣С㣡ǹûλίҶˣ
ȵ˵ͷ
ҶֺʲôƵģͷָŵϵǸᾯԱ
ֳֳ֪֪æͷģྯеİ࣡Ⱥ֮һദģ
˼ֻǼǵð˼ҷڵĶ಻ҶͷʲôҲ˵ˣȺͺٻɳĴ˳ȥ
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ٻʲôѣҲ˵ֻٻŵԱ
ЦͲýˣҶ֪
ιιιҵĸ̫˰ɣҶﲻص
ȵҪǾȳģǵˣ˵ҶԼܳ
ٻ˱ȵĳʻȥ
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׻˵ۣȺ֡ȺͺٻһˣˡٻȣƺȻͬ飬ȴȱһԸУ˼ָ
ȲҶǲֵĿ⣬ŭʲôأܸܲʵ㣿
ֶŮ⻰ɲˣڸ壡㲻Ҳˣ㲻ܴҵĹ鰡Ҷһص
ȡ͡ЦһĪһʲôɣ
Ҷص˵ͷ˵²òᣡ
֪Ҷҽôһ˵ɽŵʵôˣʲô𣿡
ɴˣҶŵ̾˿һҪϸϸУ
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ҶʲôŭһƴҶﲻʵ˫֣߳
ҶװίصҼҲһô֪ûأ
ȡߡһ˵ڻǽռұˣ
Ҷĵ͵Цڲŷ֣ȴңҪ֪һϸҽûԱֵ֮ģҵĲˣһľͷ࣡
źľͷ࣡˵ҵʲô
ҶصҪ˵ȵ˵ͷҶ̾ϢһҪסˣһǲҪˣ鲻ã
ʲô˵Ȳͷصѵٰ
ҶҡҡͷزԵۺ֢ٴ־ߵҪұߵĴܶ࣡һֻΡ
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ŭȲë
ҶٺЦ˵ҵëûв㿴
ꡪŲɲֳỵ̂ȣŭش򿪳ţ˳
ҶﲻипһһǮԲԣҶŻӦýһ㣬˵ѾͷҲһԼؽ˾ҪûȵĹϵԼˣԺ󻹲鷳ϣ
Ҷں溰ιĳҲҪ˰ҿɲҪĳ
ȻͷЦ㻹ͦģ˭Ҫ㳵ˣ³
ŶԭǵˡҶŷӦĿȥֻͣ˽ҽԺſڣҽԺҵԽԽæʱǿˣ
ţҶһǰһ߽˽ҽԺ
ΪȫΨһһ׼ҽԺҽԺѪܼרƷ裬ᡢձȶҽƻоѧȫأﲻ
һɽ˺ҶֱȥסԺŵֱʮ¥
Ҷﲻʵȥɣҿ˵ˣ˵ֲҪԣҪԺҵ֡
ҶɲԲҪ˵ŭɲֹˣҶ˵ô˶ͷĿȻ첻µز£ô˶ţζţܲˡ
˵ЩоͰʲôˣδУӳǽģҶ˵
ҶܵسȵĻ棬͵ЦѣȴҲ˵
ҽԺסԺʮ϶Ǹɲʮƽĵ˲ݻʩһǼݲ


070 ƨƾ
ҶŸճݣֻԶһѾӭ
Ҷϵܣɰˣ
Զ򵥽һ£ָԱһװġüʮӵҴ磬ָһһϮװӵҶ磬Ҳȵĸף
ãҶ֡Ǻ֡ԹվһԡҶкЦû뵽ѾͷȻôϰ֣
ʮ긾ŮϣһݣֱԶĴɩͺӷᾲ
һԶżɽ˵Ҫ鷳Ҷϵˡ
Ҷʵˣʲô飿
Զ͵ǼҸ⣬ϴҶϵܰҸ겡⼸ӹǵҲָ١ɲ֪ô£ͻȻ˵ơҽԺ飬˻ٵһЩ˻Ҳûбëɵ˽ϣ˼ͻȻͻԲˡ
Ҷ˰ֵ𼱣ȿ˵
ԽҲ첽ǰҶǾ鷳ҶˣǰǼˣƽү彡ʵúܣСðʲôһҲѵмΣοǰǼˣ
ǰƽҲڽУүĵܺ͵չҲͦĵģͻȻ֮䡪Ҳüͷ
ҶοżҲûã࣡
ⲽ߽˲ֻ︸ڲϴŵΣʿС£Ѫѹ
ɤӵ磬ԶȷСӻῴòʲôʿɣ
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ᾲ˸ꡱĶˣˣǲҪˣСҶ˵ɣ
Ҷֻ︸һۣô£ЦŵҲòŲȥλҪǲţһСʱү֪һ᲻ῴˣ
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ҶȴֻǶգգ۾Ҳش⡣
Ҷô˵ԶһϲԶæʵҶϵа취ˣ
Ҷ΢Цŵ˵ͷ˾Ųʮ
Ҳͷãʵ˵ҵһСʱ˵Ŵ˳ȥ
ԶҲ̾˿ǾͰҶϵˡ

︸Ĳʲô⣬˵˵ȥ޷һ󲡣飬ĸƢθ࣬ϵͳȵȶǰ鲻ܲ
ε֢״֮ǰأټͱȽϴһʱܲסҩȻ˹ȥ
Ҷ˷ִ磬ֻҪԼùʮ뽫ͷۻ޴Žҩͷųȥٴ̼ţӴȣ֣˵һСʱ˵ʮӣͷӾѹ
Ҷͳ룬ָɡƬ̣ʮϸţѾ׼ȷ︸ѨҶĬھ︸ڵҩӺֻꡪһƨ︸´
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Ҷ˵ͷҲԶ磬ҪûʲôµĻҾˣʱҲˣ绹øϻȥϰأ
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Ҷӣȷʵеˣǵ˵ͷ
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Ҷڲ˰СʱӶÿܲˣвɸ̣һģ˵ӳԷְ֪ȥأ
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ҶسüͷŻˣҺǺѣӦõģӦõģ
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˵ţż˳ȥ
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ƺȣԶɸпҶϵᣬҽ뻯˵ƮԼֶŮϣҲ֪ҶϵûŮѰ
ŮмŻûУ
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ˣмҪǣҶͻȻʲô˵үأβʲôֻӹǰʱ͹࣬ͳɼټϹĽ鲻ܲӶң⡣
ϴҰڵҩ赼ֻҪúõӦþûʲô¡ϧǵүӴ󲡳ӹָһε״󣬿Ҫעˣ
ԶƶǶص˵ͷ
ᾲȴȵ͵ԭô£˵˵ȥңǸϲΡ
͵ͲˣҲһƬģ

극ԶԼҶ´пյͣ˼䣬㰲ȿҶȥ
а·ҶﱾϷȼ䣬ͻȻϴԼ³龰Ǻ£ֻǾҪԼڰϣûѵĽѵðһΡ
ԽǰԽǾ֣ͣŤͷ´
ôˣˣȺʵ
Ҷ۾װ˵ӵǰǰΪɫýھ뷢ʲôھɣƺΣ
Ƚһ²
Ҷ͵ٻſڣкҲ򣬿ųȥ
Ҷ㬲ѣŽ˹˾ţպÿٻļУһشӵ˳
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ٻƺϰ࣡СΣһĹʣ
õģܣСθϽӦ
ȿȡҶɿһ͵ûȾƣֻǲСײƨɣ˵ƾ
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Ҷæ׷ǰϱɵңҪѿ飡
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ôٻͣתͷ
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ٻһŷĴңԼб䵭ôЩ˵Ҷ˵Լʶӱʲô


071 ֵ
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ôңʲô£ҴӦҪúչ㣡Ҳˣ𣿡Ҷ׷ʵ
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ҶüʵԽ˭ǺԽ
ĴӣմѧںϼŵܲЭ˾Ӫٻ͵
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ٻû˵ʲôʱСѾѳ˳Ҷźٻһ˳
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ٻ˺Խ֣¥תתһҹɫİǰͣ
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ҶüͷûǱ裬̫һССȲ𣡡
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˵ܴû㻹ôԽЦ
ҶٺЦеĸ
˵Դһƫպö˴󺺵Ĵȭͷһʣպö˺˴󺺵Ҹѣ˲ʱǰһˤ
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Խͷ絷⣬ʲôҪҶӦ㣡
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Խæ̸̸Ǵ磡
ҶﾪȵصŶ˼ǴܵܣѾˣ
ԣԣԣܴңٴҾˣԸ̸ʲôӦ㣡ҲӦˣǰԹسԼĸ翴һۣȻҶ˵
ҶͷԺٻСεȻȥ
ţٻ˵ͷСһ㣡
ҶٺЦϱ֪Ϲˣģұ֤ƽƽǵպˮңһϴ裡
ȥ˭Ҫһϴ裡ٻ˸ۣ˵ŴһС뿪˲¥
û˺֮ǣҶһЦǵ·Ӷˣ
ץ·߶µʵк֢ˣϴٻ㱼黹ĿֵҪһζҲ̫ˣ
ҶҲֵ빵ͨһ£ôܹأ㣡һֵǧ𰡣Ҫҵ̫ãҵȭͷѼˣ
Խһۣ޿κεҶǰѵһɶ
һ𣡡Ҷһ
һ

ôôŮ˵ľô



072 
뿪¥ǻƳϡ
պһĴε鷳ҶĵҲЩջϴκˮ̸úúõģôһǸŮ˵Ҫʲô
ʲôûϵǾ͹ȥˡҶһ⳵ֱ·źű
һƬЩʽҶûоͷֱźűȥ
žĺҹźűƻɣһصɴҶûѡţſǸصͷѡһͷǵķλһ¥
ûˣҶ򿪴һƬҶƮƮ˷ûзһ졣һңҶϸܣȷûκμ豸ĴڣŷĵڷѰ
ҵһټĴƽڴϡһױ̨ѷһ߰ĻױƷҶһҲʶһǸˮƵŮ˵ˡ
Ҷﻹҵʲôļ֮Ķһֻ֨ѽһű˿ҶæסѸŲƵ˷źߡ׼֣ͻȻʲôһ̣Ҷͬһֻ֩һȻһԾץסĵƣ˽˷컨ϡ
ƿְҵװˮһƣ˽ǰѸ߸Ьں˿һЬ档Ȼ¹óʼ¡
Ҷϵ£оԼ߶Ʋˡ
࣡࣡뵽Ļ棬ҶﲻԾһڿˮ
ˮƺסһͣеĶ´
ҶæסʵĶĵ׿񺰣ͣ죡
ˮֻǶһᣬûκη֣㽫һԣʼ˿ࡣ۰ȴӺ˿ͷţһһ׵ӾͻҶҺϷڣӶҪˡ
Ҷ֪ӡΪǿűͷĸо۾һգգضš
ˮƺ޲ֱһ˿ҡ
Ȼ֮ǰҲһ棬֪ΪΣ͵͵ĿԶ֮ǰ󷽷Ҫ˷ܶˡҶֻÿڸԾӣ
˭ζ̫ҲųҶǹģˮ̧֡ͷȥֻһĺӰֱ˹
ˮƾһʧгڱܵסؿڡ
£ңҶȵڵϣ˫ֻסˮϸ֫
ˮ̧ͷſˣԶЦԭԩңô˼ϴѹ·͸㲻ϡȴ͵͵˼·ѵϲֵ
ǣ㲻Ÿ˼ôҶ̿ˮٺЦ˵ҿɲϰµʱйڣأ
ˮ콿Цʲô£
֮仹ʲô£ҶһһְˮѹԼĻ
ˮƵҪ𣿡
ҶﻵЦһˮƵ˴ϣûӦѾѹ
ˮЦŵԭҲǸˣ˵봥Ҷһѿס󣬵ǿԺú̸̸ˣ
ˮЦŵʲô̸ģҶġͿϲʲôƣ
Ҷһڿˮһƴˮƽ۵ƨϣֻŶһ˿
ҶŮˣˣϴ˵ҰԸ˵첻ٻšǽ죬һкԽȴһֱҪҺǺܣô°ɣ
ˮƾʵŶô£
Ҷ˵ͷţǲǿΪǵĺ˽أ
ˮЦŵҶżҿһǺԽţɺûϵ
ҶﶢӣˮҲõҶš
ҶЦðɣ㡣һ⣬˵õİٷ֮ʮĺϼŹɷʲôʱˣ
ˮơЦʲôʱﲻˣϼŵĹɷȻˡ
ҶƲƲ죬˵ðɣʱ㣡˵ҶɿˮƣһѾ˴ǰ򿪴Ҷٴ̰سŴƵˮƿһۣ´£ټ
δ䣬ֻҶһգʧ˺ҹСˮŷӦߵǰԶﻹҶӰأԲŵգգۣ⼸ӣһΣ
ˮ磬ҶԶǰ򵥣Լ̫͹ˡˮ˼ȴ֪ǺΪֳôһССĽκǲ뻢ıƤֻϣҪԼźð
ҶصٻȻɳϵ
ˣûʲô¶ɣһҶٻӭеʵ
ҶٺЦ˵ʲô£ͻȻҶЦȻֹ˫ֱһʹصϱ죬
ٻŵطסҶĸ첲ʵôˣҶǲˣȥҩ
ҶҡҡͷϱҷһûӺö
ãƭٻһ˦Ҷĸ첲һ쵰˼ôȻЦ˼Ұװ׵ġ
ɲܼȰҶصϱҪ㶫ɣҪ󲻸ߣ㼸ˣѼʲôĶԣҲʳģ
ߣٻһ˭֪ȥˣ
ϱôңҶЩƽصΪ㣬һʮΪ㲻ϧؽѵԽСӡԣ㻹ԩңҺĵģ
ٻЦһͼ˴ܻһˮζҲ漣ˣ
𣿡Ҷ·ţˮζô˵ǰʱմġ
õζΪɭֻĵڷڣҿɴûùٻ
ҶЩѵŮ˶ôô顣漴šǾǺԽϵģû뵽Сô̬ô˻ˮϱǷһ
Լһ°ɣҪȥ˯ˡٻ˵꣬Ҷţţţһ¥
ιϱһûԷأҶŶæ
Լ԰ɣٻһ仰žһ˷ţٲ
ŮˣʲôöҶ̾һֻ³ȥˡ



073 
нһƬȺһ伫εķǶ̡ûпƣֻͷ˿˿ӨӨ˸
飡飡飡һ죬ͷӦһ
һװӣ˽١
ˣ
Ӧò˰ɣװЩεص
ʲôӦòˣ˾ˣͼ飡𣿡ʱŭȵ
װæΨΨŵŵӦǣǣǣˡ
˵
ҶУ19xxˣ¶19xxѧСѧʱ򡭡
˭˵Щص㽲費ͷػ˻ֵ
ǣҶǺֵܣ·ݻععһֱٻӳǡԶĹϵ
üͷʵЩ
ǵģֻܲ鵽ôࡣװӦ
ʵڹľ鲻õ
װҡҡͷֻ˵ľڹĳݼƽʱڹ򹤣ûбĿɵľ
ŭ㶼˵ǹ¶ˣôֱĳһݳ
װίصϾôдģ
ڰֵˣˣ֪ˣȥɣʮй
ǣװӦһĬĬ˳ȥƬ̣һʮľ׳˽
٣
ݸʮһƬҪ鷳ˣСһ㣬˲򵥣Ƕϡ
ʮʲôҲû˵˵ͷת뿪ӡ
衰ડһֵȼһ̣Ҷҹʲôˣˣһ
¡ҹоȻ˱ꡣ
ⳡһֱµ˵ڶ磬תɵϿգԵøѹ֡
ҶڼԡС⺣ԴϴεϴԺһظƨɺڣЩζκ⣬Ů顣
Ҷ˼ڵľơ
ͷĺȻѣԼӦҲʱˮȴǺϼŵİƿߣԼˣӦҲԼǸŮɱְһҶȥҲ벻ףɴ಻˼ˮڣԼоˡ
ٻ⼸Ҳæýͷö֪ϼŵ鷳ҶѾа㶨ҶҲûиڻΪ׼ϣȡڷͥ϶ƣӰ͡
豸⼸Ҳ˹ۿŹ˾Ҫ߻죬ҪæһͿ
ʱ򣬡塱Ҷĵ绰ֻһƵ硣
ιܣ⼸Щ˰ɣҶ˸к
ǰ㡣Цŵûʱ䣿ҼԸҲǱһҵл⣬³Ŷ
֮ҶЦ˰ɣͣ
һԸأİɣһ
ãҶˬشӦˣϴôýȥ鷳첻Ѿͷƨɴ˻ҾͲҶҶĵаš
С⺣޽һҶ߳ٻãһʿƼĵַ
⳵˽еĳ֮УڸʻϣҶʲô¶һ˿Ц⡣
Ȼ˸ˣֹһˣҶĵЦһβ֪˭Խˮƣ磿
Ӧò磡ҶʶֻԼǰα˸ţҶҲûƣܰġķŵԼϣٻȻҲҪȫһЩҶġ
ˮƵ˻ǺԽͺҶ˵ȻԼ鷳Ǿ͹кˡ
ţҶԳ⳵˾ʦ鷳ȥǽº
ã⳵ͷֱнȥ
·ϣҶٻ˸绰ȲҪȥٻȻû˵ʲôҶ֪Լģ漴Ҳ
ǽº羰ǲѧԼۻĵطտ̯ԼһЩֳ
ӵºҶȺ֮СתתһľּС·ʱȻ˰ʱ֣ɵû˶ٹƧС·ϱûжοͣټٽڣûһӰ
Ҷﲽ죬С·ߵ룬˵ͷɣ˵ЦЦһż㣬ͻȻʧһڿնշתŲϣ֦ڣ˺ƬΪһ塣
֦֮ڶܿû˶ľС·»ظһƬţͺû˳ֹһ
ҶϵʮӣȵöҪ˯ˡһӰŵ˳С·˹
Ҷ˲˾һЦˡ
ԭˣ
Ǹ˺ϻƵİһɫƤ£ͷ̳һȦӱһĺīסèŵѰһв֣Ķȥˣӵģ
Ҷ˼Լʲôɱң˭ģ֪ԼĶ֣ʧܣȴִţ浱ԼɱôҶŭȴɲɫ
ѰһᣬԾһ׼뿪ͻȻһOO@@һһһӲм
һˣҶĿȥ
ֻһȳľ׳С·С˽ĽŲȣƳӴŶʮ꣬Ũüۡ·µļһʮĸоҶܿжϳһӡ˭ģ
һţһһڿ֦ɨΧӲݴԣϸѰš
ҶʱˣܿҪˣ
ȻƬ̣׳ѾѰ˰ӲݴСȻתŰĵطһɣ
Цŵ£ôˣֵط
׳Цһ˴˱˴ˣ
ЦŵĻᡪ㿴طలʺ顣ĪǴҲҪܣ
׳ص²ô򵥰ɣ
ЦһôأҲŮ׽ԲذɣǾͲˣݰݣ˵Ż˻֣Ҫ뿪
վס׳ӳֳץļ̽ȥһ㣬Ц磬ҪʲôҹڷߣйŮĪ˼ҡ
׳һҲֻһȭŰȥս׳ҹʮ㡣ȴݣŲƣ磬һʱ֮˭Ҳκβ˭
˼ʮУ׳ŭһζȻӿ죬һȭһȣֱҪڰĹǲ㲻ҪͰӲƴƴ⾫׳ӵĶֻ֣ý㣬һʱ֮ΪǱ
Ŷ׳ӵһȣѺԺһȭһʱ䣬ַֻ飬һҲʹˡæһշ˼ʾι˺òû㣬Ҫ۸ң
׳ҲȭԡΣֻӲͷƤӭȥս˼ӣþֱȭУ¶Ѫ׳ӵˣǰһֱȭ͵һӻͳǹ
׳һæ㡣ֻءһǹ죬ѪĽûļ򡣡ءһǹ׳Ӿ͵һӵ˵ϡֻ׳һżѸٺˣʧ˽Ũĺҹ֮С
һڵϣҲûվˡ


074 Ʋ
ҹأеҹûһǹ⡣ºϵģһôڴڵشŴ
·ڸղŵսѾ˺ƣ¶ļͺ󱳡ֻǰ۵Ƥϻսĺۼһ˿˿ƵѪɼҲ׳ɨУؽڶʼʲôȴվûˡ
ҶϿһϷɢǻûϳءҶкЦ֣һ
Ȼһæͳǹʵ˭
ҶٺЦ־ͷˡ
ſˣ֪ôȴһҶô˵ְǹ뻳УԹص˵ȥˣǲǶſЦأ
ҶֻЦҲش𡣰Թ˼ôһŮ۸Ҳ֪æʯĳ
ҶﳰЦҰ˭㣿ɱңҰ㣿ǲھӦ˫ֽҵ׼ϰ
֪ҲĶ֣ɱ㣬ʲô
ҶЦ㻹ɱ㣿
ҡҡͷҪɱңһʬˣ
ҪñҶ˵ͷͳ룬㳯ŰֱѨλȥ
һҪֱۡ
Ҷæһס㲻Ժͱ𶯣Ҷﰵھֱ۵Ѫɢջ֮ڣҪٻָǰˡ
˵ͷ
ҶͻȻǰսȵĺڰϣĪЩ
ҪȻúصഺŮʱ԰к࣬٣ŧۡ
ҶժǸīĶͦÿôϻīʲôʲô˵𣿡
شֻҶﶸȻ֣һץס˰СȣȻһֻȻ˫һۣһ
ҶվֵˣĽûˣʣµĶƤˣԼȥͿҩˮͺã
ûˣµģûзӦ
ҶٺЦʣôʲôǲƨۣҪҰһ࣡
ҲаЦŻص˼˵ŷתԲβҶֵ
Ҷӣͳֻ˿ʱѾˡƵδӵ绰Ѿ÷ȺԼʱˡ
Ҷ˰֣˰ɣ˵ŲᰬȥȻʲôͷ԰ˣǸԻϹƶҩԺͲҪٷˣֻӴ̼ѾʱסϵĹƳ棡
а취һϲʸףȴҶͷҲصԶʧ˺ҹ֮С
ҧһͻȻʲôһЦԼһĨϼȥԼôˣжûСŮ̬ˣҶʧķ򣬰

Ҷûٸƻص绰⳵ֱϵƵסլ
ˣҶﰴ壬˯ЬƸţһҶӴҵ˭أԭǵҶҽݹ٣Ӳ˼ҳԷҵȾ벻
ҶＷ˽ȥڨЦⲻô
Ƶǣ춼ˣˣҲɢˣҲҪ˯ˣܹˣ
ҶЦǸպø˯ɣ
ưһ۵㲻ң
ٺ٣ҶҲҴһʵأ
ôˣ˼һߡ˵ôҽһʱûУǵĸӣ˫ֻŵ
˼˼ҶæǸ·϶³˵㣡
³˰˶ȣܱɿĹôʲôҪĸСʱ
Ҷ˸װɬصʵ·ˣҲ˼أ
Цһǿǲɣҵ绰Ҳûнӵǰɣ
Ҷ˵ͷǰ̫ˣֻûˣ
ΪˣưһۣʵԷ𣿡
ҶɱĶƤûС
˻в٣ҺʣģҪҪҸһ㣡ʵ
Ҷæ˵ͷ
ȥæһ󣬲þͰѷ˶Ҷӣˣʵ̲סӣش
ҪҪƿƣƿҶԵ㣬ʵ
ҶͷҲ̧ʵһ𣿡
Ƶ˵ͷ԰һҪأҲýᣬúлл㡣
ˡҶ߳Ա˵
һƿƣ˸һӵҾһǸлΪҵӡ
ҶһڣҡҡͷҺȲϰߣûа׵ģ
ưһ۵ҹô
ҶЦŽ͵ƸɱĲҲȡҪȺģҺȰ׵ģ
ЦŵҪôȰ׵ģѽС㣡˵أ˵Ӿƹﻻһƿę́ϡ
ƶԾӪ˾ô꣬ҵ϶Ҳھ϶ģȻСҶᣬڹӶʱڵѪûоƾҲŲڣ˵ϵĲȣȿˡ
һƿƲȣٿһƿһƿƿ
ƺȶˣȻҲ
ҶӣЩ˵㣬ҿҲҪѹԼʱҪѧᷢй
仰ָƶһˣɷǸȻģԸأһЩ黹üȰҸ˼ˣɴǧ磬ˣԵվϣϵҲм˷ۡ
ƵǰһݻʧܵġǿĽȻ棬ȴԼİ顣ҲһŮˣŮͨǸԵģͨŮӣҸһѾ֮Ȼйһ뷨ȴٳûʵ֣Ҳ̫ߵԭ
Ҷôһ˵Ȼ˵꣬̾һ㶼ˣﻹʲôأ
Ҷҡҡͷɲô˵ϲŭ˼֡ʳơȨ顢ԡѹ֣ʧѪܣӶּԴȨֻԡ
ȾƣƾӣҶһɵص˵Щǲ˵Щ
ҶЦ㣬ҲЦ㡣ΪһҽĽǶѹԼġû´ǲǳˣ
Ц˵Ҫ£ôԵĺ㿴ǲǺܳ󣿡
Ҷæƨ覲褣覲褣
ơЦŸҶϣվžƱô˵ͦصġǾҪǵҶҽ֣һСŮˣ
ƴʱ΢͵վһʱЩͷؽᣬֻо߶˽㣬ǰ´תҲ˲סˡ
ۡһȫҶϡ
Բ𣬶Բ𡣡ŷӦЬҶߡ
һãҶĸϣŧЩŮֽ֮ҪҶ
ԼɣԼɣҶæץסƵ֣һơ
ƾһȥҶϽһ§뻳СƱҶһʵţɵһһĨӿ
뻳ҶֻԺһСһԼеƣЩڸƲҶһʱ嶯ɿݵ촽ɵĪ˵˾䣬㣬㷢ййɣ


075 һ
ֻ࣬ƽûôε飬ľܾȴҲ᲻κο֪ôĵ׾мڴ
Ҷһڿˮһѽƺŵ˿ɳϡ
˵֮ǰҶæʱйܽӴȻҶﵱʱ۾һͷҽôΰĹ⻷Ů˵й顱ҲûгεĿˡ
ƴ˯ۣ͹µıʴ·ˣҶܹó˯µµķԲ
һƷһҶﻺؽƵ˯£ɬѵر۾һϸ⻬Ƥڻɵĵ·Ө͸Ĺʡźһֱۣиһ۵ָƽ̹СҶﲻɵٴʿˮһ
֮ҶĻг˯ȥһۡҶľƷ˲٣Ż¶Եø⶯˵ƣҶвЩͷۡ
ڹӶҶһţеߣԵĲҰޣˡ׺ݶܹΪ֣ҲһչֳҶ顣
˭Ҳ֪䶯ӶġʵһˡԹźӢۣҶһֱԼҪծǰȻҲŮˣȴδǷ¹Ƿծ񡪡Żɫ糺ƣҶﲻ̾һ
漴ת³ŵѾˣֻҶΪֻΪغԼϲˣⲻ͹ˣ
˼УͻȻҶüͷһһ˿õԤͷǳڶӶĶľֻءһǹ𣬲飬ӵƸŵůҶһѾһѱ˯еƣһ㵽˴ס
꣡ҶŭһѸٵشҲ˹ʵô£
Ҷ򵥻شһ䡰밵ɱ㡣漴ֶҪҳȥ
һɱ֣ʱͻˣæסҶ̫Σˣ㲻Ҫȥ
ҶƵģǲҵĶ֣
˵ž͵һŲʹĴ˳ȥҶԵĻһʱ䷼ůůСġͼҶʧԼߵУһʱ䲻
˵Ҷ׷⣬ӵеķǹλжϣȷֵλá֮ǰǸƵı¥ⶰѿãûƣҲҶж
ҶﵣɱһУת롣ûץס´ҪǻطôһġûԼߣ˵һӿٶȣԾŲƣжɣ˳ˮӾ¥
ȻһݰСѸٵʰԼľѻǹҶأԲŵز˲ۣûϵҶٶȾ֮졣
һǰڶıһӺվԼǰСҲ֪۴ܣԼ϶ҶĶ֣¾ѻǹȾܣ
Ҷһܣôף
׷ǰȥһţСӵȹǹؽϡСһ˫ȹ򵹣ˤſ˵ϡҶһŲͷʵ˵˭ģ
ҶҲΪʲôҪɱƣֻ֪һɱ֣Ǯƣ֡ʲʲôϢ
ץ˻ʲô˵ģһڣûǹҵʱǹ
û뵽ֱọ̈̄Ҷﾪһ亹Ǹʱѡ֣ԼܷܲӦǲھһߺˣҶﲻ롣
Žɱ֣ҶѾΪ֪ͨ顣˭ģܹܲ͸¶һõϢЩҪȻ͵ӺŮ͵Ҫ
ˣҲ˵ˣ׼ô𣿡Ҷʵ
ŤͷһҶӣĵһͻֻòͰ͵صҪҪɱɱʲôϻŻңʲô˵ģ
ʱйˣҶЦʲôأ˵ų磬ڰӵ㼸¡ֻȫһ飬ֽŶʱʧȥ֪
㡪ҪʲôӾֵʵ
Ҷ˼ʵ˵׹¥ôǲǺ⣿
ᣬˤиëⰡͷһᣬɴ಻ȥҶ
ҶٺЦŵ㲻ǺⰡҪɣᴩ·ײҲ
ӶʱŭҪɱɱ˵ϻ
ɱ㣡Ҷ΢Цŵ⣬ĺòã±Ͷ̥ܼǵĹˡ
õĹ˰˻ˣֻ̫޳ˣɱɱˣҪôԼ֪ҶڹϷԼ˰۾һգҲҶ
Ҷһʵ̬ȡҾ͵Ӧ˰˵һ𰫸ӵĲӣץ¥Ҷһ·Աߣˮĳ΢΢һЦ漴ͳ룬˰ϵļѨλϡȻһƣֻӲԾǰȥ
һ·ڳǽеټ죬ϣһЩ쭳ѡ·ΪսӸ޷ԼĽŲŹ·ᴩȥ۶ĳӦֻ֨һ̥Ħűǡأһӵɴ۾أԲŵؿԼ복ܽӴȻײɳȥصˤڵϣʧȥʶ
ҶںڰУؿһУ΢΢һЦ漴¥ɨһսѰµһЩûмֵĶͨͨɾٽԼµĺۼһһԼûҪ鷳
ЩҶһԾĹ¥ַӴ˴ڻصƵҡ
ڴ͵͵һۣҶŵһŷæӭ˹ʵû°ɣ
û£Ҷҡҡͷ
ʣǱɣ
𣡡ҶֹһûҵǸˣڱֻݾߡ
Щʵô죿
Ҷﰲοİɣһᴦõģ
ǿЦһ˵ͷţ
ҶƵĶͷְӵ뻳Уοڣûµġ
㣡ưͷļϣʵı۰ͻȻоޱȵİˣþûڱ˵Ļиˡã
ڻҶƽһֵɻЦһ㣬ûʲô£˯ɣ
ţƵ˵ͷˣϢɣ
ҶٺһЦ࣬࣡˯ôأ˵һѽƵϣһҶǰסƵĺ촽
ô֣ƽʵ㻹Ҫ


076 ˲ʶ
ɵõӣ컹Ѿ˯ѹ
ҶȻڳ˯˯ܺãֻҪһ԰ȫȶĵطʱ˯ߣΪս㾫񡣵ֻҪκΣյϢ¶ҲܵһʱӦ
Ƽ򵥵ϴ֮ȥ˵࣬ɰţ̣ŰҶ
ڲ棬͡ͻȻʵҶҪҵĹ˾ҰɣЩһ˸оۣ
Ҷҡҡͷ㣬㹫˾Ҳﲻʲôۣѧ£
ôܷŵ£ƿЦһ
Ҷ˼Ƭ̣ŵ㣬ǲĹ˾ԺֻǲҪ˵ˡ
ҵشҶתˣԼĻĲȻͷһţֻ̣ڶǿɬĬã̧ͷҶʵǲǰϺٻǸѾͷˣ
ҶæҡͷϵôܣֻΪУչöѡ
ûнӻֻһ˲˲ضҶ
ҶʵܲŮ˻ȵĿ⣬ֻõͷðɣҳһϲϧҪ˵Ļ̸ϰɣ
Ц˾ǰˣƭ˵ġ˵ƭң˵ƭԼ
ҶﲻҽĻ˵ЩûԵɵҲżϷᱡŮռռСˡȻҲԸⱣԼŮˡʵڲԸԼ˭һֻ˺ûпǹҲҿǣ̫ˣһܸˡ
ҶͷרĶԸԼ͡ƼҲ˵ʲôˣʲô˵أһഺ껪һ˽ꣻһŮһȴ׾ٸҪòȨЩƱΪĶٻҲһȱԼʲôȥȣ
˶˵˲
ͣҶϰɱ飬ʵ㣬ϵ˾˭ģܲܲµó
üͷ룬ҡҡͷҽԹ˵кܶ࣬ɶϵҲҪҵЩ˾˭ҿҲ֪
Ҷ˵ͷʵĳˣǻ᲻ǰĳˣ
Ƶɫ˲䣬͵ҡҡͷģģô᣿
Ҷһβԣǰһס˫ֵ㣬ô£ǲǻʲôûиң
ҡſԣֻˣˡ
ȥţƻҵسԼ˫֣ɫܹȥ˷š
һűһѱסƵƽ㣬ѽˣϰˡ
˺ЬҴֳſվڷҶɻʵסô
ûüͣһͲ𣿡Ҷüͷʵ
𣿡תɻơƵ˵ͷ漴ҲҶˣĴžҪİ
ҶͿ˷ڲ輸ϵŮΪƵģڿȴġһѽУ˻Σʵ𣿡
ԣԣԣȸԾлл㰡˵ҪҶ
˵Ҫ𣿡ҶٺһЦϣҪңҿǿǿҪҪ㣡
ŭôôᣡҵİ
˵İİһӦ𣿡ҶЦ
ߣҲҶĵЦ͵سǰҪȥ
Ҷæ־ٸߣһʱûס˵һҶĻ
ҶװһصιŮ֪һֱңڴ֮ͥ¾Ͷͱ˻ΪҲһ˵ġ
ȥһƿҶһԾ𣬾Ҫȥ̱Ҷٸ˵İ
Ҷ״æİԺˣȥһʱٴǰ㣬͵˵ҶĻСΪԵʣһĺ촽պòҶ촽
ιҪôɣǣҶ촽ʮֻζصҸղŻûӦҪһ
ͷѰңһҪȥϰأٵˣŭһѽҶƿߺߵص
Ҫϰ࣬ҾͲҪǰɣҶﷴʵ˭ϴԼ³Ҫȥֱ㲻֪ҵӰжҵĹ㱻㶪ˣ
Ц۸ңãѰң
ƾʲôҶͷһʮֲˬص
ƿȥˣܹȰˣˣҪˣҶѰɣôһ˻һŮ˶ʲôҪ۸ˡ
Ҷʮίص㣬۸Һòãƫ򰵡ʲô£
˵飬ϻ͵͵˵䡣ʱҲõҶ˵Ǳ鶼ѾȥˣͱټƽˡѰɣ
Ҷʮֲص㣬ɲҪװĶƫҪȥһͷ
ҶáԼǱβ͵èһ˵˭𣿡
ҶҡҡͷһصҲǲôģѧϣ̬ṹϰԵȷ涼֤Ҳˣ˵ô˵ֱ𲻳κǵ͵ˣ
˵㣬ˣ
ˣҶüͷҲҪȥ˾ˡѰɣɣȥϰ࣡
ðɣҶҲˣҲˣҲˣ׬һǣǱѰξ㡣˾ѳϰȥϰ࣡
䡰ߡһһӹһ䡰룡תؾˡ
Ҷεؿһֵۣ̯̯㿴ҲЭѾͷͲϷ򣡡
ЦֻȥϰˣǲǺʧ
ô᣿ҶЦôһŮԿϰ࣬ң룬ǲҪһصĲ·òôŮ׽ҪµֵûĶɣ
ԺеǻᡣưҶһۣ
ƿųҶ͵ٻã˳߽˾ϴѾļϣ׼ʼµһĹˡС⺣ΧϴѲϴϵһ
Ҷ磡ˣôô磿ϴһҶţ绨ЦһԵ⺣һֱ
Ҷ˵ͷݾֱٻİ칫ȥȻ˸ԼΪ˰ȫ绰úٻҪ뿪˾ʱ򣬺ٻӦûڰ칫ϢɣͻȻеۣΪԼϷе
úٻ칫ҵţֻһԴɳƵ𣬡
ŽȥҶһ۱㿴濴ļĺٻ
ȿȡҶɿһٻעļתƵϡ
Ҷٻüͷ漴еʵ㻹ðɣûʲô°ɣ
ҶĵһЩе㲵ĺٻЩ۵ĵû¶ϱôעעϢء
ٻüͷкܶ๤Ҫأ
ôϢúãһûҶϢٻϵز²᲻ǳʲôˣĵڶġ
ʲôֵСΣҶæ˹ȥ˫֣溮ٻȿȣǸϱɲΪҪѧȨ
̫࣬æСҲڹ˾һءٻ͵οкϼŵİδ
ҶüͷҶ˵˽㲻ҪẫǸϼһϹҰѺϼƿ֣һ仰顣
ٻҡҡͷ̾һ˵ЩʵʵĴ󻰣


077 Ƥµļ
ҶİĦַ͹ʮʵһеġνģһ룬ʩ֮Ǿģνƣͨ¶ȣҩȴ̼ѨλﵽʹƼķֻõˣôɻǵõƹ㡣
Ҷһ߰ﺮٻŰĦھͨĹؽ磬һЩʱһɵʹʱɢ
ϱԺɵúúϢˣҪ֪Ů˯ģ㿴ĺȦٲú˯ҿ㶼ҪɴèˣҶСѵ
ٻһҪ£ҵȥʲôΣյĵطһľƾˮϵζòȥưɹ˰ɣ
Ҷĵ⣬ƲСİѾԼ·Ϳϣûüȥ·ֱŮ˸ŵˡҶ㷣ȴЦôܣһȥûƷλĵط𣿡
˵ȥˣٻ׷ʵ
ͬѧҳȥȾƣҹ̯ϺڡҶڱ
ٻߡǸŮ˰ɣ
ϱԴҶЩʵ
ٻŤӣصң
Ҷæ˵ģͬѧѾˣһңϴǽҲûϲμӻ񡣡
Ŷٻޱصҹ̯ϳһ٣
ҲϲҶεص
ɣ°ԺԼǹһԸ˼ҴԶĸϹɲܾôԸһ¡
ˣˡѾȥˡҶæ
ٻɻʵŶ𣿡
ҶնػشǵģҲֻ·ҪɣԺ飬ٻǺˣ
ٻŭһ˭Ҫ飡
ʱСζˮ˽պôһ仰֪Ǻáĵȴڰ˼⣬ԭҶͺѾˣ죡ԺҪҶ磬˵ԺҶˣ
һСϵɫ֪ʲôɵһۣʵ˭ģ֪ô
ңңֻӸ裡Сίؽ͵
˺ˣϱܣҪŻСˣСβŸձҵҶæ˵źû
ҵְԱ˭ˣٻصȥϰࣿǲµĹʶҪˣ
ҶܣҪôеʮ޵ͬɣ޵ùߣôҲǡ
㣡˵ʲô㲻ǰɣ㲻ߣٻһ˵šڡվļߣһкСεߣСΣԨعǩĺͬȥ
עⰲȫҶں棬ѵ
ܣúİ࣡
Ҷ˼һİ;׳ӵĿӦֻԼҪԸٻķˮơԼǶкʱӦòԺٻ֣ο컯գСߣӦҲûʲô⡣Ǳ˵ͷ֤񣡡
ٻСȥ鿴豸Ҷٴںٻİ칫Ҳûʲô˼ȥϴ档Ҷɺػصһ¥ϴϲƴڻ˼䣬ؼ˯

ʱڽĵһҽԺһװˮ߽һƵ˲
ϣһߴ׳˶Ӽϲűɫ׵бĿ޽˼ʲô
ʮˮŵĴͷʵô
٣ˣʮžҪӲվȴȥͲˣ˵
ʮ˳ӵص˵ͷ
£ӿڴͳһ̣žડһȼһڣ³һȦʵô£ʧˣ
ʮ˵ͷԲ𣬴٣
ҡҡͷûϵ˵˵ô£
ʮͷһҾ鱨ҶͲ˵˵ǰ򵥣
貢޾ȵʵŶô˵
ʮ˰бǸŮģֲңҲǹ
ͻȻϬ㣿
ʮ˵ͷӦҲ˵òᡣ
˿̵ģһ㱨ġڻʱ򣬾ٿ죡
лл٣ʮмص
վʮʵƵͰ˰ɣ˵ת뿪˲
ҶҹȻûв´ȷ򵥣վҽԺſڣԶŶĸ¥ã˵ţҲʲôĿģȻٻһСҲãҲգȻﵱһҾƫҪ㵱ɣ

ҶڼŵԣһٻСȥ˹̸⣬һҲûҶﱾЩģ˸绰֪ƽ£Ҫܻ
ҶڼҵĵŶϷͻȻҵһٻõĴһμɵİˡҶɫͻȻ
һʮ߰ӣòͨӽȺ֮У˭ע⵽ҶļԷǳ֮ãǹĿһ֮ǰûмȻɫƽҶȴܴӼػпαװĽ벻Ҳ֪ƭſֵڵı󷽷߽ٻõġ
Ҷʱ뾪뿴˹ǱǱãкĿġ
βߴ󣬶ȴǳѸ٣۲ҲʮֳɫܿеˣԳŵݣֱ¥ٻİ칫ҡ
ҶһĪҲɱٻģһˮƣ죿ǷҶҡҡͷЩжϡֻϧòȫ棬ܲɣʱٻպòڡҶ΢΢ִһ֤ϢҪԣǰûг׼͸óȻشֻǳʦδˣ
Ҷϣںٻİ칫ǰͣ·ͳһϸ˿ĵһ󣬡֨ѽһ˰칫ҵš
أͦרҵġҶֻϧ캮ٻһճǼƣ˷۱
˽ȥֽסֹӣҶѰ˼ôͻȻһ˿ĸоͷҶֲʱֿ˳лһļУ͵͵س´һ㿪еˣҴҰ˵ݡ
⣡Ҷﰵһڡشվ껹Ϊһɱ֣ôԴȻֻһС͵
ٶȷǳ죬Ҷٶȸ졣ûӵҶѾϵ˵ſڡ͵͵˾Աֶ˿ûдԹ˾һӰ졣ο֪˵͵ʲôϣǹ˾Ļܣء
ݵһ㣬Զſ
ӿҶһ㶣漴װƽЦŴ˸кǼƾһȻȾҪȥ
Ҷһѿס󣬽˵֮С
ʲôӾʧؾУҪҶҶæ£ֻûʧȥ˿ƣſԣȴҲ˵ˡҶ漴Ұһ¥㡣šꡱһֺˡ
ݻţҶｫеļ˹ۿ˵ȨֳĬǽһ¡
طһۣʹʲôֶΣҶ˵˲Ĭܸ


078 ٻ
Ҷ仰ǿЦ֮ԷӵѨǺ󺰴У˵ע⡣
վխĵݿռҶһļһֿסӵĺĿУ׺ݵصҸӳʱ䣬ס󺰴Уһ㣡ҶЦһ죬ҵֿ죡㾡ԣǧΪҲɱ㣡
ɫһݣֽŲʹزҶĻæҡҡͷʾ󺰴С
Ҷֽ⿪Ѩλڿʼһ䣬˵һ䣡ûʵģ㲻ԣ𣿡
ȻƽȴǳСһҶ׺ݣŵҪĸҲӣæ˵ͷʾˣ
Ҷڿ˵ˣҪҪһ£
Ҷղ˵Ĳ˵ҶݺҸɱԼæҡҡͷ˵
Ҷȶ˹ȥֱĸ˵˵
Ŷʹһֻ˵ϺһͻȻҶ˵ĲҪ˵æסͣվֱ壬ʹ
ˣҿʼˡҶɤʵʲô
ԥƬ̣Сػشãö
͵͵͵͵ñ˵Ķܽ𣿡Ҷȶӵĸֱһ࣬кȴֲңֻŴʹ
˭ģҶٴʵ
ף١ӽͰ͵ص漴ֵҶﲻ֪˭æ裡
˭ˣҶһ˹ȥһֱԼĸȴҶĽԼ塣Ӿҵʹ¶ϴ˹ɵס˴һһ
󺰴УҶһϥǶ˹ȥ
ʹȴҳйӵŤˣǸħĵ׿񺰣ˣǸ̬ô۸˵㲻ңһᰡ
ҶصһеӦ֪ϵĹذɣ
ԣ亹乣˵ͷ˵֪
Ҷ΢΢һЦʵһͦġ
ˣֻħģ֮꣬ҲҪطˡȥ֮ǣ뿪С
ҶԼ֣Լ˿ִ˴˵ɣһֻ
ңңҡְɣӲŻش
Ҷ˵ͷ˵ãԸҾ֡˵ų㣬ٴνӵѨסһ֣һգؼѹ
ֻꡱԡӵֹҶ÷飬Ƿϵˣصɴ飬һ˫۾Ҫۿ˳ƵġҵʹŴͣҲüͷһϸܵĺʡ
Ҷ֣˵ݡЦŵʵһͦʴȵģϲѪܵģ㿴ãԴϲ˵԰ɣ
ѾЩҵʹ̼ĲˡҶ˵ôѵ㲻Ϊô
ҶĻæ˵ͷʾͬ
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ӻæ˵ͷס󣬴ںžϹʾл
ſһ¥ˡҶһļһִӵļϣƵĴ˳ȥ
С⺣޿Ҷæӭ˹
Ҷ磬ѣ
ǰøǣþûˣҽ룬˵˵飬̸̸Ҷһػش
Ŷ⺣޻Ȼص˵ͷͻȻ־ʵôˣλǺ
ӻæҡҡͷĵװп࣬磡Ǵ磬Ǵүͱ˺ðɣ
ҪҪҸһȱ裿ҶҽܲҪҶ⺣תҶƨ
û£Ҷ˻֣ҶϹˣǴˣʹ
⺣ޱҶôһ˵κģҲд谡
ҶȻص˵ͷǰ˾ͲдˣֻŮ˵ĴԵģ˵ĴԵģûм˵û𣿡
ǣǡ۵ʵЩ߸⺣޵ֱۣ棬ȴҶʲôҪſѧҽҽ
˵ҶͷҲص߳ٻá
⺣һݵؿҶипǱһҽѧʶǷḻʲôʱܴﵽҶˮƽ뵽ͷһæµŵϴϣæһЦŲӣױȥˡ
δɹͬ־Ŭ⺣ĵ׸Լ
ҶЮӳٻãĶ˵һ䣬ɲҪ˵ŶҪȻߣߣҶЦһĺǣһ棡
һæ˵ͷ
ҶһѰƿˣԹˣסһῴ뿪Ŷ
һͷҲصԶ
ҶӴӺٻ칫͵ļص˼ҡһܴļкܶ඼ǺٻźͱĹ˾ǩԼͬԭ
ЩϣڹĶ⼼ϺݡЩǹ˾߼ܣӦǶںٻıչģ̶ӣҲ֪ôҳġ
ҪˣҶﻹúʶһ£Ȼ˵С͵ҲȷǸ˲ţһ֣Ҳҳ
⻹һ̣ӵ�ϡҶｫ嵽Լĵϣ
һЩݱص⣬඼Щٻ˽ϡ
ҶȤز鿴ţͻȻһļעļֽܡܣ±˲֪˽ļһã˵
ʲôҶ˵Ӱ죬¾ͰļƽˣҶ˫˿ʱֻѪţȡڸӣʲôҺҪˡҶҲ˲ֹϢ
̫Ĵ̼ˡҶﰵһɴ۾ŵĻ棬һգգܡļȻһЩܡ
һƬ⣬涼ЩƼͼƬҶһŵ㿪ŷԭЩǺٻѾͷġЩƬиֽǶȵģڸƵģдöɰģҲдĵġžȻʲôûġ
ͷǴµģٻȫ¶û·ԡˮƺݳ˺ϵļԳϸܵĺˮȽ壬ٻԡױԵ΢΢Ƭıܺá
һƬҲǱȽر𣬺ٻһֻ۱һֻۣһƤֺԸеƣһֻ־ֻƬɦŪˣɰ崿ͬʱԵջ
ûбǸС͵ߡҶңԼǣԼϱԼ͵Ҫ͵ɾͲ̫ˡ
ҶĿתضŵԣһƬϸһ滹Ʒͷ㡣û뵽˴ͳͱصĺٻȻôźͷҶȻ֪ЩŮǰչ¶ԼģȴϧԼòǷģһַʽ
ҶֻǣʵҲһֲַ̬ʽԻģʹҷƷζġ
Ҷ￴ſţֻһ⣬ȥ
ٻСδӹ̸·͹ݣ֪ôҶﻹڹ˾ϰ࣬˵ûԷءͷԸССҶ˸ȥԵһţӡʱô£ȻҶﲻ˵ٻҲףΪԼһ鷳ӦҲͦ۵ġ
ٻŴõķСػصٻãŸҶһϲӦûܾȰɣԼôţٻϲɵ÷ƬϼΣˡ
ţٻСζ¥ҪЩ˺͸ҶҪԼչҶʲôӦ


079 һĶ
ٻѹĵ궯ɫƽسȥţûӦ𣬺ٻ˽ȥ
һȥĶˣϰ໹͵ҩɾȣٻ߹ȥѷ˺ʹţСطŵϡ
һʲôأٻϣ˽ȥ
ǣٻŵţȻһͻɫ˲òҰסǹ˾ݱϣµҶ
ٻ꣬ŵǸС͵͵ļȻһϤļļ˳ܡ
ѾƽˣٻбŭȻåˡٻֵ㿪ļУϤͼƬԾȻʾϣֱӡ˺ٻ
ߣٻŭһֱӹص˵ԡðѲϵ̰²ȵ÷顣Ҷ﾿ʲô
ͻȻϵһļ˺ٻע⡣ٻɨһۣɫˢر÷۰ף
ҶٻҪļˤϣŭƽ˵ĻмģٻоػţǸ纮ѣԼôЦǸչԼ
ٻ׵ıҧ촽ţΪʲôҪ͵ԼϣǧؽӽԼŻƫƫԼĹ˾һСĿĺڣ
ٻ뵱Ҷ棬һСȥĶˣòԶ߸߷˰ɣ
ţʱҶպŶ룬Ƽһŭĺٻ㶵ϱ˭ˣȥ̸ûʲôɣ
ٻЦһȴش
Ҷֺõصûʲô°ɣҶ˵ȥǲãҵĴԺұ֤һֱغߣ粽룬һϸıӳ
ðٻЦŵǺϸ񣡼ԵԲԣ
Ҷһ㶣ʵ˵ʲô
ٻһѽϵļˤҶǰ㿴ʲôҪҵ᲻ûԵúãǰǲѾеԶ߸߷ˣ
ŶҶ͵˵ЩҪ˵ءи͵ץסˣЩҽɻսƷ
ٻصҿôԲ˵
ҶＱˣҷģġ
ٻЦŵô㣬һܵ㡣û뵽˷Ѿ˼ӽңȻֻΪ˵ȡ˾ļҵԲԣ
ʲôʲô𣿡ҶЦõʵ
ǺǡٻҡͷЦû֪֪治֪ģ˵ţĪĻִĵסڡȼ
ҶͷԼѾ˼Ϊ˱ٻţȻԼҶüͷҲص㲻ң
ٻԳЦһô㣿˵Ż磬ֻҽֺãǸҸ纮չңҲûҪίԼĸԸССٻһӳԭΪЩģ
ҶЦһش
ٻʵҪңôֻҵţ˵ôôȥȻûԭΪǿˣ
Ҷﻹǲ˵ٻô˵𣿡
Ҫ˵ʲô㷴ҲңҶһ˰˶ȣѾˣǱ칫͵ģڰû
ٻǺǡЦ˵ǺǲǻҪлл㣿
㣡Ҷνص
С⺣˹Ϊʲô£Ҵ˹ƿҵţҶ磬ʲôˣ
ûʲô£ȥٻ˴ϣŭغ
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ֻĵ뿪սȻԼѲߣ˳ֺֺϴϣ﷢һУֻԼûпû
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⺣޵˵ͷӦأʲôҪԸ𣿡
ٻʵ㣬ʲôİ˾𣿡
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ٻ˵ͷͷҶЦº˰ɣԱˣ
˵С͵ĪΪС͵صǼãȻҡڵ߽ٻŰĶ͵ߣҶﷴʵ
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⺣һʱˣæûеģûеģܡǽһֱڹ˾¥Ѳߣûзֿ
ٻЦˣְתƵҶϣ˼ǣôͣ
㡪Ҷָ⺣ޣǺɸ֡Ǹأ˵Լı²ࡣҶʵ޻˵źٻҪǲţǿؼ¼ˡ˵Ŷ⺣޵ûʲôˣȥݱ
⺣㷣ܺҶ̬ʵڿһͷˮ㲻ʲô顣һֱҲֻججˣ벻ײҪȥûˡ⺣תQƵİοԼ
Ҷٴѵǵãҽ
⺣æӦһİѼҵŴϣƨƨߵܹȥ裬ҶҪʹˣӮ͸ֺãȻһ壬ĸŮϲ⺣ԼҪѧϰĵطúء
Ҷ򿪼ػ棬һ·ߡһɼسһİӡǰҶжѸٵرܿѲߵı˵ݣֱ㺮ٻİ칫ңͳ˿´򿪷š
ӺӼļ͵͵سˣȻŵֱ¥¡
ٻЩãѵҶ˵ЩǱ͵ģֻǰæһ˶ѣ
ʱҶ˻СֻſЦźҶ˸кֽ˵ݡ
⡪ʲôʲôһĻٻһָżػ棬صҿЩҿνͷĶ԰ɣ
ҶᣬôЩͷۣԽԽˣЩر׵鲻еġ
ˣٻָҶ÷û͵ֻҪڱָʹ㲻Գֶ𣿺ðҵôģôؾͷౣվڣָŽģ
мصģԴϴγԺҶõһشİȫÿ춼м飬ҲͬʱԼ֣ٻյһЩܱ˾ְԱ֪˽ļظˡ
û˺ľͷҶЩᣬʯͷԼĽţ˵ľһ°ɣ
㻹ʲô˵ģٻǺǡЦֻЩӼֱһΣûôŹһˣȴƭͻȻĵӿʧ䣬ЩججǿɬһΣʵһİƣ
ʱ򣬻һΣſҶ§İӵļЦһ˳С⺣ݺ裬Сضűӣ˽պÿػϳֵİӣɾףⲻҶͬѧҶ㲻˼ͬѧˣ͵͵ţһһ
ۡԣҶһˮ趼ʲôʲô񲹵ô˵һĶ֣һĶѣΣ˶㻹ϽͣҶͻȻһѪ˵ĳ嶯
ٻŻȻԭ˵ͬѧԷȾģŻԭ˼ȥƵǺ죬ԺѰףԼ鷳ԭҴͬѧԼԭԭˡٻֻףҲûʲô˵ˡ


080 
ҶͷʵЩΡٸѡһεĻᣬ֤Ҳ˵ѣҪԴҶԸšҪϣʵȴôҲ򶯲ġ
ٻȴԼƭˣһĻԣԼЦԼΪ棬ԭһжֻԼĻ롣ʲôѣʲôչԼƭ˵Ĺ
ٻͻȻúۣĵӿƣбϵøֱۣʲôҲ˵ҲָκˡôתҲҶһۣߵſڣһ̾߰ɣҲڿ㣡
ҶҲЩȻζԼôౣô࣬õľȻһ˵ͷ뿪ߵٻߣ̲סصԼСĵ㣡ģʱ䣬Ӧò鷳˵ת뿪
ҶĽŲԽԽԶٻֻûʲôһһһ㣬̱ǿſǽûˤ֪侹һỬ䡣
عͷտٻﻹҶӰһ֪ôֽѵĸо
һãȻ֪ʲôС⺣ޣٻ˪صס췢˭Ҳ˵ϴҲԣ𣿡
⺣޻æ˵ͷٻֵҪǴӱйؽ£ԼҰ칫ְɣ
⺣һصҪҶ˵ȥô죿
ٻһصǸˣһ⺣æصͷӦǡ

ҶȥҶﻹʲôطȥôᣬһʱԽ͵ʱٻıԼǻزȥˡ
һҶͷĻӿ裡ҶԼá޼ҿɹ顱ˮвɵŭڡǺƣѺٻԼԸʱ䶼棬ôһϷȻ򵥣
֪ǣҲҽԺŻԼ˽ӶҶˣ״ٵıƢûгȥҶӲƴѾΪѵˡ
ǰֹǱҶ˵ؽģڿһνרҼ𡣿Ҷϵһֻ֣ǹõ֡˵൱ڲзɡңո˼˳Զ뽭С
һûɣõһʰҷѡʰ÷ôҲʡ˵ġô˵˼£۳ɻ߲ɣܲܺ˵ǵġ
ıٻţȡٻŵĺϺͺͬԭٻϵĶֻߺ飬ɲ̳еĺֻҪٻſˣҶȻҲСݹҲǶˡ
֮ûжٻΪٻҶĹϵԼҶٻŵĿġֱӶԺٻ֣һҶ롱˵ҶǱٻŵĿľҪȡٻŵĻԼԺٻ֣ǰҶæ
軹֪ҶĺȻ鲻ǰļƻչҶʧȥ˹뿪ٻţˬҪ֪һײţĲĻһ˵ٸǰһǮ
ǰɫ԰׵Ӻο˼䣬˼أˬһ뿪ҽԺһΣ迴ʧܺñúüƻһһҶжˡǸĶ֣аԼ
ȻĿʮĶڸأ
Ҷڽְεһֻ˳۸˼СԺͻȻԼĶӶˡɱĶƤҶȥƲһٷҲЩƣйǰ飬Ͱ͵ĲشҶ֪⡣תһ룬ǸɱִɱʧܣӦûôõϢ⼸Ӧûǰȫġ
Ϊ˱ǵöע⡣Ҷͳֻ׼ƴ绰ȵĺʹ˽
ҶĵѾͷòԼ޳ĵİɣŷ麮ٻ͸ôϢҲ̫ͨ˰ɣ
Ҷ˵绰ԶԶطڶϣһ˾͹ҵ绰׼˭֪ȴ˸кˣǣæʲôأ
Ҷɨһ£ղǼȭʱһͭɵʮͭСӶһӵضڨڨһæʲô۸С£
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ҶﾪȵòṥƣֶңȻٳû
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Ҷ԰Ȼ֪緢飬ǱЦŵϷûʱҪԼ𣿡
Լͷŭһ͵Ұ㣬㵽Ըлүүľ֮ûʱ䣡
ãҶŶ˵ĶƤæ˵ͷеʱ䣡ھ͹
͵Цŵһ˵Եģ㵹ˡ
ҶϵصСӻ᲻˵֪塣ԵĲ͸߳ˡ˼˼˵©ˣ
ȥȽһ˵绰
˯ͷҶƤ˸߲ҵ߳˵ǣʿǰƴȥǸַҡ
⳵СſھͽȥˣҶ˳绰ӣϵҵʱ򣬼ֻͷ︸ͼŮڡ
ᾲűķڳæţͱкҶ£˱裬Ҷһлͷӵͷ￴ֽܱߵĶţͺҶﲻһȰҶ˻ı¥طˣͺһûзӦʮεضҶ⺢ӣҶϵˣҲ֪졣
ҶæûϵûϵĵʲôʱܹԷͷһۡǱߣŮ˻æòɿ
ͺ뿴Ҷ˼æ˵˻ҪһᣬҶϵȳԵˮֵûأ˵Ž輸ϵĹ̳Ҷơ
Ҷͷлһƻҧһڣͷ˵үɫöˣӦûʲôˣҶôһ˵Ҳһ
ҶйԷүӸ˼Ҷϴն˵û⣬żְ˼ҺҲЩ˼οүӱҲܿܣԼûԸҽ
ˣųԷĽڣҶôһ˼ͷ
ҶȻǵ˼ǿжϡ
Ҷһڣү˶ϻѱֽŵһԣҾ˵û°ɣ
ͷӣЦףԵư磬ϡҶļ˼Ҷϵܡиëһֽԣղûɣ
ҶͷЦǿֽԣҶϣҲֲӶϱҪ˸ԵķΣصҶϡˣⱲӶûе¶ɲ˼
ҶЦŵûϵרעһϰߣ
үһʮ㡣һǷ׼ĻˣǶµ̬⡣Ҷôһ˵ɵʮͬص˵ͷ
ͼүӺҶĿˣ΢΢һЦȥæ
ֻʣͷҶһһĵòֺ


081 ƽֳһ
ү̸Ҷˣֻκλûм˵ҶᣬҽεĸߣЩš
ԸͷִţҰҺޡүӸʤ֮ȻԶ˵ΪмʩΪԼβЩɡһΪ̸ֹϣֻСΪԼζڣϵΪԶ˵Է顣
үʮҶļҶϵܣлʩԮ֣ҪȻһϹͷ֪̫ܲܿأ
Ҷǫص̫ˣǾ֮Ͷѡ
ͷҡҡͷ˵Ǿ֮ͣҶԿɾǾ֮ˡ
Ҷү㲻عһһҽ˵βֻҵıְѡҵʦʱ̵߾ȣ߲ȡΧ֮ڣĿТТŮļأ
ͷЦˣ漴صҶϵܰ治˼㿴Ҷϵˣ㻹ôƺǲе̫ˣ
ǳӦõģҶЦŵ
ȣ⻰ҾͲͷüͷҡͷԵص㿴ǵӾﲻݣֵͯܲͨܡҲ͵ֺ꣬αؿЩ޷˼ʮˣ꽻꽻͸
ǣǣǣҶ˵ͷҾðһϸ磿
үſЦ
ҶЦŵϸԱһ˽ܣܲͨأ
үӡЦɲұȣ˼ܲͨʮꡣѹͷʮаˣۿԽԽ飬Ҳ֪мӡ
Ҷ΢Цŵ϶ˡһҽ۹ϸӹǻʮֽʵģֻһЩܵ˻û취ֹģ취һµǻпܣ
ͷЦҾ˵彡˵Ŷæϱҫ˼רҵҽô˵ģ㿴ЩСһﶼʲôˣһϴҲҪˣָɸ̬ȣҪ쵼ǵÿǲɣ
Ҷһ˿ءͷȻ˵Щִ³çȴò˵רעһ˿̬ȵȷǳɹرĻ
ͷ߶߶Щ˻һҳǸ׼̣׼Ⱦƣ˵Ҫɿڣ治֪˭µĹأ˻ϣܵģҪ¶ҪѹţǻǰʱһӰǻˡ
Ҷ͵ЦѣͷӻǸԻѹֻҩҩˣǹܲסԼ͡Ҷ΢Цŵô˵ģϸ硣ǶТ˳ЩҲΪãкСӶãⶫҲ˸Ƣٺȵá
үƵص˵ͷãרҵҽģ
˽Ϻͷ̣ʮһľ֮ḻֱԴ顣ҶҲֻججùҹãꡣڹ⵱Ӷʣصķ鶼൱˽⡣һЩʱηһЩͬĹ۵šʮͶ
죬ʱ÷ɿ졣
ֻˡˡ𣬱ķţԶԼֵܻˡᾲ˶ˣԸķ˰ϲȴӷ亰кŴΧ
һҪҶλҶһֱáͷǿҪ£֡
һ˼Ҷˣڵس
ѵýˣҪҶϵܺȼүӴš
üͷȰ֣ҽ˵㲻ܺȾƣҪʼơ
ⲻиֳɵҽôܳʲô£ҶϵܿأүӱͲ˴֮·ǾͶѣʵǶԼķô˵û˰㵱ưͣ
ЦһɫЩȻ
Ҷ˵ͷ΢ȵûϵġүӵػһȦͺ˵ûҿԺȾơǣķշԸͷ˰뱭ӡ
ҶϵʱҴЩͷСһڣϸֳɫһڲ˷ŵֵ극ϽĹ˾ҪǴڽͷӡ
ԡһûϵİ֣˾ӪСڣöʱϡ
ߣͷһúõһӣҲˡ˵ȥҪȥѧʲôãʲô⣬ûϢ
֣ĸ￪ͰѾ÷Ҫλáô˵ǻҪչˣҶؼֺˡ˵ȴͷ˻ֵ˻ȥһϽ˵ִ
ףСأȥˣװģɨһȦûзС죬ɻʵ
Զɫ˲ù⺢ҲǴСүӳ軵ˣ
ͷӵۣΪصôˣĸкӲƤǻôı֣˵˵ƤкӳʲôϢҿСĸҪġ
ԶЦһҲͷִС츸ĸ׵ʱִ˫˫ѳְͷӳԸȻҪҰöࡣ˵ǸףͷӶԴֵǼΪɶԴС޸ĸС죬Ƿ˵軵һҲš
ϸ⻰һĵֵԸѹƣֵܻʧҶ˵ͷ
Ҷôһ˵ͷʱüЦȴЩˣι˵һôôòأ磬ֽүүϸ磡ⲻǳռǼұ𣿡
ͷɫõôеģ
ȼˣæүүôأ
ͷصôΪ˼Ҷϵܸһ򣿡
гƣԶæʾȣҪ˵ǸģġֻһƺѣûҪ̫࣡
Ҷ˵ͷʱƺȣｻҳԵˡ飡飡飡˹ķţδӰС㴫˹
үүүүҪΪС׵ƿ˲ţһӶڣ㶣εصҶզô⣿ףǶأ
Զ䡰ߡһ㵹ϣǶڣóȥɣ˵ɣִʲôˣ
С쿴ԶЩ£ƽʱ˻ֻԼæҡͷûʲôûʲôǼԣ¥˯ˣ
Զûʲôô׵ģǲָ˴ˣ
СæûУ⣬ҲСˤģ
ȡꡱһЦˣˤҲġ
ͷŻºӡС죬˵˵ô£
ô£С޺޵صǹһȺåҵӣƭȥĳǮӮˣһ٣
ʲôӵġȥĳֵطåʲô𣿡ԶЩɸֵؽѵ
ͷ˵ۣصʲôĸ˲Ҫ̸ڲǽôҿСܺã֪ۡԼŮˣҪ˵ĳĳˣǸǮȥֵط𣿵ͷ˼СҲ˼
֣ǡԶЦãɴ಻ȥͷӣŤͷȥʵҲȥӶôô͵͵˳
ͷһԶҲľڡҲǾ˳ھϵͳְΪԭ򲻵òתطھĥ˵˵һֱͬۿű߻˵ֶСεֻ֪Ժ֣ԶŰ͵ȥѧϰꡣ
˭֪ȥû졣һ͵͵Լ˻ôĺӣͷ۲ѰʵڶԲסԼϵãһֱչԼ磬ɩ
Զš


082 ѧô
ȵСӻúܣ˵岻ҪϢ졣ȻͲӰҪǽ쵽үүҹƻ
Զ˵ͷɫϵصС죬͸زӣ
СүүҲ뵱һȥӣúü궼㡣
ͷ΢ЦŰο㲻ôѧ£ЩϹͷˣ㻹Ҫ˭Ůˣ
Сתת飬ҿָϰ尡Ҽȿѧ죬Ҳүү
ԶЦָ֣㵱ĵӾ簡
Ц˵ָ֣һʶһλ
Ŷ˭ô֪үµʵ
ԶߣǰЦŵ
үŷӦҶ˵ҶϵܰûҶϵܻⱾ£
ҶС̧ˡ
ҿû˵ѣҶ򲻹
ү֪ȵСǸಫĹھĳرսϵͳĽҶĶ֣ôҶ϶ֲ
Ҷļ˵ôҶϵܣͷһ£ҿǰСиˣ
Ҷ룬ȻմϹϵƺûʲôõģǵ˵ͷ
үӡЦʮַģ
С쿴Ҷͺ£һүүҲİˣ谮үүڣĻĸܣʱ飬ûƱյЦС
үҶһ죬ȥϢˡͷʹˣҲҪϢҶķʰһͷҶס¡
Ҷ룬ٻǻزȥˣҲʲôΣգǾͰ˯
ҹ˾ʱҶӴϷһ췢飬ͷһŭǰɣԼûȥ鷳ȻԼҶɫ˲ñ
Щˣѵǲ᳤Եġ
ҶĶ˶Ѿ˯죬ҶŵطСķ䣬ֻһﻹŶڷŵϷҶŽȥվ󣬶ûо
רעҶ͵Цǳļ
˭Сժ¶ͷȥֻһϤЦԼǰСһˤ
ҶҶҶʲôСͰ͵صֽŲõغ˼
Ҳүүǰ㽻ôôҸֲ㣡ҶƵЦ˵
ЦСȴħ΢ЦĵһɥϴҲ˵֤ҵģǡ
Ҷüͷ˵Ҳÿ
СæҡҡͷûУûУҰ
ˣҶ˵ͷ漴üͷСջƵЦ꣬벻ѧ򣿡
С쿴Ҷ۾Ŭ˵ͷȻʲôƵģæ˹Ƶҡҡͷ
㲻뱨ˣҶʡ
Сô᣿ζ룡
ҶǾߣҳȥȥҶ˵ţһС죬ŵشӴ˳ȥ⣬Сŵϣ˵ȥȭĵط˵㲻֪
֪֪С͵˵ͷɻʵȥȭʲô˼Сɴ۾ʲôѵ̨ѵ𣿡漴վԭأ͵ҡͷвУЩһֶûнƵģһᱻġҲȥҲҪȥ
˭˵ҪȥȭˣҶһ㣬ƻûȥͻᱻȥһϷȥˡ
ŶҪ̨ҾȥСҶ˵Լϳʱ
漴ĳ⣬ıʱݿ˳Ҷյسŵȭʻȥ
Ҷ֮ԴӦͷСߣύϼҴƴһĿģһĿģ볹ϴһ½еĺڰ
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СԥŵǶײеģᡪ˵СͻȻҶæס죬˵ͷȥȻԣȥ̨ǩЭ飬죬ǾͻᰲϳʤÿһǮȻսɫȭݻĳѡкܶͶ·Źһʣûܻ߻ȥġһǮˮƯҲֻ൱еˡ
ҶһСߣҲȥո֣
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Ҷں̨һ½ǣϳͻȻ̨Ŵ˿߽һ࣬첲ҶȻֵ׳󻹸ӣӦĽרҽ
ףⳡϢһݡϾҪĵһٳˣȭ׼ѳŪŨһЩһǸɷɵģģֲǿҸһӽսĽһһ˵š
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һףԲӴֵףᣬҪըһ㡣һһװˣݣһ綼ܹεһҶĶԱȣ̨µĹڲɴ˿ڡ
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ţױûʲô˼ֻⳡϷֻǼ򵥵ػӳһȭҶ˹ȥ
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ҶбҰ
ŭڣһŲ߹ȥһ߹ȥ˲ȫʮ㣬ͷ˲ҲֲˡҲһ㣬ǾһУܱܿ㱻ִˡ
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һŲߣֱͷҶûже⣬һɵ˰ɣаͻȻ·𿴼ҶЦ⣬һֲõԤͷʽѳ޷ջء
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Ҷ΢΢һЦˣ
ҰЦŵ֪ûȤǩȭݣȭݵְҵѡ֣ԺÿһӮǶ֧ʮԪô
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˼ûȤҶ˱죬ֱӾܾʲôЦȭԼҳӵģôܻᱻҶЩмؿ˿Ұ
Ǹ۵ˣǮҰ΢΢Ц
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Ұһ˲̫̰ģʿɶֹͺˣҪǴӦǩԼ㣬ҸģҸǧ򣡡
Ҷ˫ֱأЦŵôˣһͲӦˣܰôţ
ҰЦŵˣк֪ܶ𣿺ܶܶ࣬һЩû˵Ҹ㣡˵⣬ҰɫͻȻһ䣬˰˶ȵɲҪƲԳԷƣ첻ͬǩˣҿųȥųȥ
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ҶҲȷϣҰƭ㽫֧ƱпС죬ԼһԪֽҰ˵ǮǾˣƫҪֵò죬ֿһС죬һˣʮһշѡҶŤͷҰҼǵ׼Ұ֮ǰ˵ģ԰ɣ
Ұæص˵ͷʱСŵŻԻŲϷҶﺰҶ磬һʮˡ
ͿôܰҰֻһأҶüͷҰǶģոʮˣǾǰ˰ѧãҰ磬û
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Ҷĵ׻׻̻һߣαҪôأ
Ҷôһ˵С조ŶһЩɥʱҶȴٸ˼һڿڴܣӰݣ
С조ЦˣԣԣԣҶܵ͸绰˵žҪͳֻȥ
ҶһѰֻųأע㡣˵ˣ֪ΪʲôӮǮ𣿡
Сŭصǧ
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СԴǽﰡ
ؼ˯
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һҶ˯رȡ˯ˣֻһкü˻ǣ֣̿꣬˷ܵ˯ž
аһֱǸղžʴ̼񫻭棬һδɱķѩޣһǰɪҫС졣
⣬ڽеһƬȺһҲΪҶ˯žǾǼһֱӣȴҶĵٴᵽŮ˵Ŀֵˡ
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ͬʱҶĻһŮˡ
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ޡЩʲôأٻԼһڡǻôԼԼ뵽ٻǺÿü嵽һԼԱ͵ߵļȻԼֲҼʱˣΪҵִԼǧ㣬ûϵǸС͵ȻǴԼ潫ļ˵ġһŽ̻ٵ⴫ͬʱȴҲѵܶΨһԵļˡ
˻ָ˭֪᲻͵ԼļеƬԼҲûôļӣ˾ܶ༼ݺͱҪͳܶļҪд֪һŸԼ˶鷳
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鷳ҲֹٻһˡҪ˵鷳ʱͷˡô󣬴ûô鷳顣
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ֳĳԱͬʱ֪ͨ˹šŵĽ룬ȭַǷ϶ˣȻ˵֮ǰҲڹ´㣬һˣҪӣɲ֮ǰǰ㼸˾ͿԵˡ
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ҶЦŵӴ㻹ͦƱġҸ㣬ѧҵĹҲ˵ˣʮȦȵø˵̫ԶˣҰɵٶȶϣ˵ҡҡͷޱ̾Ϣ
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086 ҪҪй
һΣҶСֻʮȦСľҲͣСڵҪشŴҶ߹ȥһƨϣ˵վߣ
СηػͷҶһۣԸظҶƨɺ棬ȥ
Ҷ߱ߵ˶겻ҪͣϢɼˡ
СҶ棬ʵʦ경ýѧѧ˰ɣ
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СҶôһ˵Ҳ˵ʲôĬĬҶ˱ֻĵװģһԼҪʲô˵
˱ķѾ͡һС࣬һ̲ˣͷһҼΧڲԳ򵥵ͣүȴԵüΪġҶСæкų͡
ҶﻷһȦҼ˶ڣΨȡǿʵأ
ŶѾͷӵģ˭֪Ŀȥˣүһ߳ͣһĵػش
Ҷ˵ͷһڶ͵Զһ磬е̸̸֪ɷһ˵
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Զһ㶣֪ҶǺĿģ룬ŵҶϵǸˣҲ㡣Ц⽭йְʡӰ̫󣬾¶ԲĵˣίֻΥ
Ҷ˵ͷоӦҲԼһɣ
Զ˵ͷڶĸֳҵˡ
Ҷʵŵù
ԶģҶϵҪʲô龡ܷԸʲô飬Ӧˣ
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ҶЦ磬ĶȥˡҪǷ飬Ҳ㰡Ҷаȴ˵ҪһĻԵ
ԶʵŶϸ˵˵
ҶãݵġҶ˸Ķһٲ
ԶΪЦŶ֪Ҷϵʲô취ܹһٽ𣿿Ҷϵ̫ܲɣڽУʡԼίǶһõ
ҶЦŵڰĶԶǺڰģǼùġ֤ݣҪжĵӲŸҽѹʱ绹֪ƶΪ²Ҳգ
Զһæʵҵ֤ݣ
Ҷ΢΢һЦĿԴɣ
ԶЦ˵ô˵⻹һĻԵԶڴлҶϵˡ
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ͣԶ˶ϰȥˣֻʣүӡСԼҶڼҡ
СǸסӣү˵һ͵͵˳ȥҲ֪ȥˡպӮôǮСӣúóȥֱǶԼĳͷ
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һ壬Ҷĵ绰Ҷһһİĺ롣ŽͨһԿŵЦ˹
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ӦһáЦŹ˵绰
ҶүӼһ죬ү̸˵أ壬㡣ϣԹԺҶСš
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Ҷ״һȵ£һ󱧣ؽֱӱ˻
СͶͱģҶүү𣿡
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һƿҶҲҶҪСȥˣֱӲ¥¥žһŹϣڴϣסͷ۾һĻֹסͨͨͣ
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ﻹشҶҡҡͷ⳶ɤֻ̾ܺСȥֳˡûŮ飬Ҳ̫ûһ㰡ҪҪ㼸أ


087 ǧԪĶľ
С쿪ųҶڽнһƫƧСϱţĳ࣬ȴ඼Ǻ۱洦ɼ
һ·һС·ѭ·һƧׯ԰ֻׯ԰ƻͨվīĺºӣСĳҰ˰֡
С쿪ųҹգһͨǸ͵ĳ⣬ĶǺܳ˸λͣ£СҶׯ԰ȥ
·ϣҶͻȻʲôСѾϵ𣿡
Сһ£شȻˣôأ
ҶЦҡҡͷⲻǰ׼ˣʱֶˣ͵Լȥ
СȻ򣺡˼ҪǧϹأ
Ҷ˵ͷС켱ˣæʵô죿Ҫȥˣ
Ҷȥȥʲôȥ֮֮Ȼ˵㣬ʲô
СЦˣæƨʦڡ
Ҷ˵ͷСǻǰ·
СæͷӦǣҶׯ԰һţҶ洫һ֡СҶǰ̨һڵĳ룬Ҷһ˴
ҶĿȥֻѹѹɽ˺ĦࡣиֶĲ淨аټ֡ʮĵ㣬򵥵СţġҲ˿ˡը𻨵ġط淨Сÿǰ涼һˣ鼤ΧԼҪĵ
С˴֣ҶʦҪҪȥһѣ֣
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ЩŮÿ˵ǰĹҵģЩ̵ҡĸ齫øˣֽߵŮɵزȥеֱ
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仰˵õԾǷСǮˡСɳ¡СңҲߵŮæСҶ˵һ衣
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˵˵ͷʾʾɹٿʼơ
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СҲֻÿԼĺץ֣˸ƣ˵Ҳôɺϰɣѵڸ
С첻аָ˼ƣԼĺ«ǧһСͻϰ壬˺ʹˣÿ˸ȥǧ򣬽ˡҲûסǮų׷ȴźüѣֳ
󣬸Ӯһڶ࣬ûȣԼǧͳͳ˳ȥ
һӣŭȵ˲ˣƣʲôģ
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088 
С찵̿ˮʵôǮ⼸ǲ̫һ㣿
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С첱ӵ˭ˣô˵ֻɷɣԾԾһգһױϡ˵ˣҲӮʲô
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ϼŵĹɷݰҲɣòƹʱˮģҶָͷ㣬ҺеԿðɣǿӦˣ
ꡱһѪʲôʱ˵Ѻľһˣ˵ӮԼأһ򵥵ģӡֱӣ˭ĵ˭ӮһѶӮô
Ҷ룬ԣ
кԱҪӡҶִһҶӣҡҡЦŵֵܣҿ̫ˣܸܲһһ
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۵áŶŶֱС
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æԸ׼ĹȨתЭ飬֤ȵ֤׼ˣڼҷǩԼ֡߳˺
ҶСʰӮսƷܹнڵĳ룬һ˷ڡЩϼŵĹɷݵȵȣС춼ҪȻТʦҶˡ
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ԱһЦҪһ绰˽ţԱСΪ˼ضҶС˼ǵĶһ̫ҪȥλƼݡ
Ҷ΢΢¶һ˿Ц⣬аϷҪˣ


089 ȫѹ
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Ҷֵһʣ㿴ˡô޼䣬ǲҪҰǽ⿪˰񣡡
ҪҪҪҽ⿪ɣʹˣ׺ƿ񺰵
ҶɵصǮҲҪˣǧɣ
ǧ㲻ȥɽŭ
ѵΪڲôŶԣ̸šҶüͷʵȻǮ㲻ûô̸̸һ⡣ոǹָңҪ֪ϻԪĳ룬ˣԪ൱ڶ͸ˣҵܵвֲܿ
ҶһʧӣȻôһвʧӦûɣҵĸڣҵܵвֿܣһһǻôҾٷ֮ʮķãҲڣô
Ҷôһ˵ɽɴͷһɱҰɣ
ҶһЦ㵱ΪҲɱ㣿
ɽһ۾ٲҶһۡҶ΢΢ЦֻǾе̫ˡɣȻԸǮҾԼúˡ
Ҷ˵ţ֣һָɽϡɽֻûһžһ̱˵ϣ£һҲʹ
Ҷ˹ȥߵɽ칫һչǰչȻͷȥŶ
һŤ룬һűչﴫ졣СĵҶ󣬽ضҶҪһиѧ
С쿴ϸֻžડһСڵ˼ɽȵУҶｫչŴ˿
һӵֽ⣬Щ鱦ʯȡһ㣬ȫһЩֽʵϣҶｫһõУϸ
һЩ˲ԼȭĳԱн׵ļ¼мЭ̵¼ϡУ롣
ȫѹ
ҶﰵһЩʰãֽ𡢽鱦һŵ˴档ӣɽǸôЩƻһڵġˣҲˡ˵̾ϢһСС죬һûʲôǮˣǳԵ߰ɣ
˵СҪ뿪
Ҷš黨ںʹŵ׺һҶҪ뿪æȵȡ磬磡Ȱǽ⿪߰Ӵ
Ҷüͷ˵룡˵Ŵӻͳ룬ֱ˷ȥأ׺˺ʹȻֹ
Ҷص˵ͷִС߳ɽİ칫ҡ


090 赶ɱ
ҶִСԪ޿ĳһֽпٰŵֽҲԺ󣬱С뿪ׯ
ſڱİ£ҶҵĳŶӦ˵Ҷĳһǰһʻ
ȻӮҲԼС컹ֹס˷ܡһǣԼĴӲǧǵڶࡣǣԼ˳𣬰Ӯ÷ӳӶûˣʵǴġ
˲ɲҶ￪ų׷ҶʱӳǱ̽ͷʵʦȥ
ҶƳһֻۣһ˷ܵĺ쳱üѹֲסϲãǱصȥʱҲˣȻǸظңҸ裡
СʱŶһغóųұķʻ˻ȥ
Ҷǿų˸̣תͷǽĴӪȥ
;粦һ绰ԼҪ̸һ̸ҶһַҶ￪ŵĿĵرȥ
һС˼ҡҹܻǰҵװ޵øûʣ޺˸ؽְ˿Ҷѳͣһü۵Сӭ
ҶɣС˵Цʵ
Ҷ˵ͷü˸ĶǰҶ˽ȥ
ƷȺü۵ӴҶ߽һᡣźüű¶ŮӣһѷΧߣŽŻЩĵ鶯
һɡһҶƿϷ欵ŮӣŵľƱǻ˻ֵȥȥȥɣ
Щ˶ߵòˡ硰ЦվҶҶϵܰҿˣôûʲôջ񣿡
ҶһȻӦ˵飬ҿ϶ǻġ˶٣ҶɫʼЩˣŵҲ˵˻鷳ҿԸ㣬Щġ
ŶЦŵһֱΪǸˣû뵽һǵ͹
Ҷصĵȭܵһٶٰ֣ٷ֮ʮʧȥսֱʧﵽڡ죬ĶׯٴαҴһʧﵽڣЩּҲһٵʱûа취ָ˵ġ
Ҷ˻ʧᶨԣռ̵ľġ
Ц治֪ҶϵǴĳģǷҪܵõ㣬ͳΪеһˣ
ҶЦһҿһݺôվԼˣҴӦҲǰ쵽ˣֻϣŵҲҪ
ͷµصģһССٻŶѡȻ˴Լ˵ģҿ϶سŵġ
Ҷ˵ͷһһ󡣡
ʵ㻹ʲô˵ɣ
ҶҶԸ죡
죿ϼţĬ˰Σûлش
Ҷ㻹֪ϼǷĺʵˡһڴĻǣ뾡һа취ҪԸǷϺ겻Υ뻢ıƤ
˰ΣƺڿҶﻰеʵԡ˺üӣŵ˵ͷã
˵ͳֻ˸绰๾˵˼䣬ûһֻһһְҵװĸŮ˽
磡
˵ͷŮӽҸµļзϣŴ˳ȥ
ָϵļеǶԸ죬Ҫ֣ҹƽʱûа취ˡһ̯ӣձǷڱӲУǡ
˵˶٣Ų˵Ǻϼڡ˽Լн׵֤ݺϣҲеǷѱĹ˾ǩµĺͬȲϣӦһô
ֹãֱ̫ˣҶа̾ǵ˵ͷôҾлˣףɹ»
㼪ԣվĵЦҶͳᣬɳͳֻʼá
ڻͷ˵עһ֮ҹ
ȻһŮ˵ҹҲΪ˾Ըеˮ
ˮһ죬ɸɾ裬ڴϸ˯ûã绰͡㣡㣡
ˮ۾ҲԸֻʵιã˭
ӷһ䴫˹ˮ۾ֻһӰԼĴ̨Ŷȣŵ绰
ˮһܾͬСһ㣬ű
ӰһԾ˵ϣسˮ˹
˭Ҫʲôˮæʵ
£Ӱʵ
ҶҶˮգ۾źӰĶȤζ
BINGOϲ¶ˣҶЦŵһԾˮĴϣƿӵһǣ˽ȥ
Ҫʲôˮٴʵ
˵أҶٺЦʵйŮһңͬʲô飿
ˮεĺ촽εص֪Ż˼ңϴ˼ҵ컨ϣһֱڴϡԩңҪ˼Ҳ𣿡
Ҷһѽˮ§Уķ㣬ƵصҿɲǹҪ㣬ⲻǻǰ˸绰ô
˼ңҪ˼Ҵ绰ˮҶ§͸һ˵ţһŤӵ
ůڻҶҲɵ˷Ӧ˵ʲôȴˮ˵ļȻڳһֻ֣סҶţʵʲôĪҪˣ
ҶЦŵȻ˵Ŷ˶٣ŵȻ̸ġ
ˮ˴Ҷţᣬַ֪ʽϷ˼ң˵ɣ̸ʲô飿
Ҷ㲻ҰԸôҪһشϢ
ˮüͷʵʲôϢ
ҶЦŵһڣҾ͸㣡
ˮһ쳤ӣҶһڣȻʵڸø˰ɣ
ҶƵص˵ͷŵд
ʲôˮʵ
ȫ֮ԸҪȡĵ̣
ˮɫһ䣬æʵļٵģȷ𣿡
Ҷ϶ص˵ͷģǧȷ
ˮæʵô˵ӪϾǸյģ
Ҷһε˵ͷˮЦŵãȻǺϢԩңҲǽġ
ҶȻôģŮǲӦñ𱨴ң˵˫һѹ¡
˵ĺһŧɫ£۾ӣϵë׶΢ɼˮͻȻЦ˻¶׵鱴ݣո˵ģǿ½Ҿ㲻ˣҪˣҴ绰ˣ
Ҷһβˮһ˿۽ӯӯ¶˼飬ܿܺõ
Ҷ΢΢һЦӴϷ𣬶ˮǾɣ´ѵѵ㣡
ˮЦŵҵء
Ҷ˰֣ǾԤףƻɹ˷ɲҪǴӦҵĺϼŰٷ֮ʮĹȨŶ
ˮЦŰҶһۣͷĺˣ˶ܲˣЩƱȨʲôһܲ𣿡
Ҷŵ˵ͷתԾӴ˳ȥûоκһˡ
Ҷﳹʧ˺ҹ֮УˮһȻתͳֻδ˺ü绰Ըʲô
Ʊãһıֿʼܹĵزҹע˲ƽЩ¶˵ҶӮĳҵıȥ
չ˳һкᣬ赶ɱˣѴ֮Լռ˱ˣóԸñ˸мѪеģʵʹ죡
ţҶﲻ¶һ˿΢Ц


091 
ҶｫӮĳͣҵĳĵط˱賿ĵ㣬һ˯ʱ̡
ҶԶϣŴӶģػҪϡ飡飡飡ߵԶķš
˭ѽðΣһԴɳƵƣԶҶûлشֻǼ·š
֨ѽһŴ򿪡Զ˯£˯سſڡ
Ҷôˣʲô𣿡Զſڣʵ
Ҷ΢΢һЦ磬ĪϺ˵飿
ŶԶɫһһ˫ɵ˯˲侫˳ҶЦݿҸµĺļϡĪѾҵˣ
δҲ̫һ㣡ҶһЦ漴ļȫԶӦ˵֤ݣǵأ֤ɽ
Զ֣صشҶнӹļվ﷭Ҷ磬漰ĿɲһǬ֮£Щ٣ԱĿŵ䵱ڣıɡڣĳªĿ涼н룬Щ㹻һ˰ɣ
Զص˵ͷлȻ˵Щ漰ʵ̫󣬵ƾһӸƿʵе㲻е㡣ҪΪ֮ԼҲȥٺúüƻƻ
Ҷҡҡͷ磬ҪԥʧʱѾҪԻɵеڣĽôõĻᣬֻҪԸ⣬϶˳ϣҳ֤ݣתõЩ֤ǰη
Զ˼ã˵ͷãھȥ绰ҵ쵼⣬棬һ֪ͨξֳ㡣
һ㹫ֵ²Ҷüͷ
Զ˵ͷΪȻص˵ģе㲻ģһᰲźõġҪʱϵҪӽĻҾԲģ
Ҷ˵ͷ
Զת˷䣬˷š
ҶһЦҰŸԼĿͷĴϣúϢһһͨװˣˣˡ
˭ҶＫԸ˸ձϵ˫ۣһ𴲴˷š
˵ҵ֤ݣھҪԽڰﶯˣŴ򿪣ǸСӡսȵվſڣֻ˶ӾضҶʵ
Ҷüʵʲô£㴩ĪҪƷջ󣿡
ŭһһҶɵض˿Ҳ׷˵ʲôжô֪ܲͨأôҲǲսսѰ
Ҷ˸ǷԣսѣǺã֪ͨ㣬˯˵žҪŹϡ
һץҶ죬ûж㣬ž͵⡣ȵ˯ʲô˯ô飬㻹˯ţ
Ҷεʼ򣬵¶ظһëǮĹϵ
Цһ㻹˵óڣҿɶ˵ˡҪ㣬𣿡
ҶٺЦŮҿ԰ЩǶҵ𣿡
㣡ںصֻ㣬ڸȥ
Ҷҡҡͷȥ
۾һɣǺã㲻ȥҾ͸ٻ˵ҹҵķң
ɲҪѪ˰ҶװؿЦһԩûе鱻ôֱ׳˵ôоǱһУУҶҡҡͷһҸʱķ˵һ˵ɲװ׷̰
ߣȽһԣҲ㣿
ҶĵȰⶼΪãѵ㲻֪̰Ҫ̵ģΪϴˢ
һڣýŸݺݲҶĽţʹĦֻҶһҽУæţŵرʹüͷһһ飬ȥȥ
ҶﻹûشֻԱһŴ򿪣С¶˰ͷһ˷ܵصȥȥ
Ҳһһ˷ܵС죬ȻҶҶ۾ţǿϣһҪ˯˵ӡ
Ҷﲻ˵ȵǺã㲻ȥǰɣ㲻ȥҾ͸Ұ˵ѾӶˣҿʲô𽭶ڰ
ãȥôһ˵ҶﶸȻ˫ۣصЦЦҶ͵ô飬ôΣյ飬ôٵأ
ǺûһëǮĹϵ𣿡ɻʵ
ǮǮǮ֪Ǯ̫ӹˡ棬ÿһӦΣΪȫʮ꣬ΪĽ蹱׳Լһݹһȣ
Сæ˹һĵԣΪȶԱΪשߣ岻ݴǣ
ʧЦؿˣ
Ȼ˵ҶҶμһǾӴš桱رжҶΪܺúϢչ˺С죬ûֱӲ롣
ӣеĵһ⼴һЩͨ񣬱ֵҺĳŵô˼ﲻҳš˯е˶Ҳǹѣŵöڱ߶£ڴڳ̽
ǰﶷһţȴͻȻյϢһĵؽԼĴӪͷ۲ѵʱͻȻ֣Լ˱һﴩ룬װȫѵصľӰΧˡ
Ҳͬ鷳ǰ쿪ʼͱһ㣬ǵȭܲʿɧţʧʧֱֲ֮⡣ŷʧʱյϢ¶ĳ˵ңԼææȴյ±˵˺üСԼĴӪ
ʾ֭˼ǰͽкϵϵеֿĽ࿹ʱͻȻź͵طӵĽ롣˲һУԼ
˾˭أ˭ԼԹ
ҲοǡˮȴԼʮʮ⡣
´ǸȻôһңԶڵسеСڰкιϸԹڲϧһдֻΪ˽串𡣵Լˡ
һˮĹչʮֵļѣǰֺٰջԼ嶼ϧЩչֱգڴԸȻЩǣԼɳȥ˱ط;ΧˣʧɣԼڿ뿪طˡ

ҶСܳ棬ȴһ֧֧ѵصĶԼԶźĹأӽЩſŹЩЯĻһƷѺϳĵһˬѾĲͣ鷳ѾİɱѾݺң
ڣһпԸһˡ䶨еĵһεɨҲԻϰһʵա
ȻԼ´۶ԴһôҲһ¡ĽҶֵײ˿Ծˣ֤ԼԶˣͨһεɨӦûֲܷٵ⡣
ôԶ飬ԼûһëǮĹϵˡǣܲܽڷɣͿԶԼˡ
㶨Ҷ˸ǷڸʻϣſųΧйŵСؼ˯
СһݵؿҶţͷҵıʻȥĵ͵ЦӦöʦѧϰѧϰ˭뵽ɽĽڣʹɢȫΪǰŹǷ˯˯أ


092 ǧɽˮ
ķչҶĻҪѸ١Ҷס죬ү壬죻ʱͺƴ绰̸̸˵˵
ϣԶһƣش˻Ǹǲס˷ܡ
ҶȻ֪һ˽ʵ磬ʲô˵飿
ԶЦŵҶϵܣߣǵ鷿̸̸
Ҷ˵ͷԶ鷿˶Զżɽصչú˳һǣܹ㣬ʡﲻٸ߹ٶ⡣
Ҷ΢΢һЦ֪Щ˻ٶͽеŹϵԶջС
Զ˶٣ǰɨڣһʮڰ֤ݡڹȵȣҵ˲ٲϣǴĿġЩǰ죬ֲ鴦õ弯ţɾȻҹȻóʵǿֲ
ҶЦŵǸлΪôһȫĹͰ
Զ˰ֵҾͲعάˣȫ㰡Ҫ㣬ҿ»ڳԥٳٲأ
ҶЦҪϲˡһӦû˰ɣ
һһԶǫشЦһ˷Եÿķǡõ¡ĺ硢Ǯ衢׷˵ĿͥҪҪȥһ
ңҶ룬ǾܾҾͲ˰ɣҶʲôЦͥôȥǶ˯ôģԼôãα˷Ѿ
ܾԶ󣬵õԼҪϢԶ⼸æòɿҲԼĹ˾ȸŮҲײβҳһ˵󻰰ţҪӵͷһȺ輶ıķԼһƨһС⣬ҲûбˡԼٴȥҲ˷ʱ䡣ҶҲͺҸ˱
ӮĳʻҵıҶƴ˸绰ڹ˾ϰƽӵҶĵ绰˵Ҫס죬˵˷ڴϽŮ˼䣬һ¹˾飬뿪˹˾
·ϣҶϲԼĲˣ⵽гѡʳģųص˱ΧΧȹææµµؿʼ׼͡飬Ǳ˸绰ɴһԸ
Ҷ￪ųֱƵıüûöϣǰӺͽߵģʱĵһȡ
YYأ绰ͻȻˮ磬Ҷֻ
ԩңûʱ䣡˼ԸһأˮδЦεڵ绰ͷҶ˲
ôĪôҶüͷٺЦʵ
Ҫ𣿡ˮЦʵ
Ҷնػش룡
ǾɣʱŶˮһ˿˿Ȼ󣬷·͸˵ŲֱҶĶӵ˵ҶĶһ飬ë
Ҷﰵһ䣬ǸոպƵԼǱҪϰɣҽе飡
Ŷ𣿡ˮʵǿǲɣ˼ҶѾ׼һУԡ£͵أ
ɶе㲻װɣҶٺЦҲ԰
ˮЦŵҿϰ˵ӵķɻҪĻǰٷ֮ʮĺϼŵĹɷҲֻá
ҶæûԼôܲأ
ˮЦʣǸո˭ľܾ˼ҵأ
˭˭ô쵰ңȥѵҶװŭص
㣡
ˡУǿ϶ҿЦģʮ֮Ҷš˵æ˵绰תͷˮڵıȥ
ʮӺҶͣó׼ʱˮſڡ
ûҶţˮѾ˷ţһɵ˯ۣǿɰĶЬϣЦŵһΣɲͷ㷭ˡ
ȥ˸ɾְҵװпɴˮһζ˼˿ģȴ˼ֵܰ
ҶЦʵһҲ鷳ֻǿԺûˡҪҲɻȥˡ
ˮЦһѽ֪Ϸ˼ҡϽɣ˶ˡ
Ůǰ˵ҶҡҡͷţڵطˣɸпǸճ˵ˡҲ̫˰ɣ
ˮЦŲʢ˷ˣ˵ơ
Ƿ㣬ҶҲЩˣŷʢɿڣɫζȫķˣɴ
ˮЦŵƣúܳ󰡡
Ҷһߺ󣬹Ĺҵŷˣһߺʵô˵
˼Ҷ˵ɫɲͣȴֻ֪Է˼һۡˮЩԹص
ҶһЦ˭ôãѷôóԣ
ˮЦɲģ÷͹ء
ƨϣҶһΣ漴Ҳ˵úã̰ڵĺá
ˮһ˲Ц˻Ҷ߳ԱʵˣϼŵĹɷأ
ˮԹƵذҶһۣ˾˼ôͲĹ˼ΪʲôҪ뿪أ
ԣԣԣҶͷʵôߣ
㣡ˮԹصһ۵ôҪ뿪
ǰɱңҶһڲˣͻȻʲôû¶ɣ
أˮꡱһЦˡ
ҶȻص˵ôԣԭǡ漴ֻ˻ֵˣĵ¡ĵԱҲ
ˮЦˣ̾һ׸ĸ˫ҳġڹ飬ʮһ˶ʿҵʼع顣һҲָʾˣҲ뿪ˡ
ŶԭǸֲ߲ôãҶ̾
컬࣡ˮһ۵һǱ㺦ˡ˵ˣʧҲ̫ˡڽпľӪЩѾɢһλȥٲܳͷˡԩң
Ҷôܹңҵ鱨ûṩ󣬶Ϊ飬ǷѾ˼ϴҲû취
𣿡ˮЦЦضҶ
Ҷһ޹ص
ˮҡҡͷ̾Ϣˣǵлл㡣طǴˣڿ뿪ҲҵһԸҴӦĺϼŰٷ֮ʮĹɷѾתƵˡԷˣ
ҶӵѾתˣǻҹ
ˮίصѵͲ˼𣿡
ŶҲǣʶһӦùһ̡Ҷ˵ͷ
ˮ⣬ҲиתһСҲڻĹڣ²Ҫ̫š
ˮôһ˵Ҷֻòһ˿͸һ漴ɫһݣضˮ
ΣˮЦŵô˼Ҹл𣿡
ҶЦŴ˹ȥཱུӡˮĽϣȻЦŵھһˣ
ˮƵشҶһ£𣿡
ͣҶԥص
ˮˮĴ۾ԼԼ֣ίʵΪʲôҪ˺𣿸ոջ׹˼أ
Ҷ˲ϲԺǧɽˮ۶꣬ȥ㡣ߣˡ͡


093 Լ
Ҷˮ̸̸룬ҵ飬ȻҪǳԷ㷹ԺҶͺˮ˱
뿪ˮıҶһڵԼأǱ㿪ųƵסլʻȥ
ˮ뿪һ֣ĻֻǸոտʼǷһ⣬ҶﲻòԴġ֪ǣⷬȴҲһˡ
ȻҶҲһи߶ȵۣǡڽСطҲôķˡŻãһ𣿽һһ𣬹ȻǺֶΣ
Ҷܹ׶ܹ³ֻⷬҶһ᲻ÿɷʲôкֶΣǵ˲ңҲˣңұʧ
Ҷ׼
ʧˣʧˡںϼšҶԼ°ٷ֮ʮĹɷݣвЦѡ
ҶƵıѾˡƴмװɳ￴ӡһԻһűֽͣ
ݵȲĺ硣簮ãزҪȴͻȻܣŷԭԼǸˣ½Ķ棬Ѥؼɿ鶯˵Ķ԰ʧȥ˵ֿ
Ҷĵûоȴվһۡ
ԷûУûйʣʱͬգһأҶйܽӴ֮ﱻѹֵ˲䱬˳ĺˮһʱǽġ
Ҷ˵ͷͷȴЩⲻȥηĸӣȻǵѵɣǲø֪ɣҲӦиĽ͡Ǳո·
Ҷﲻ˵ãôһͣƷΪ顣;ΣãǱ㾪ȵʵŶĸطܷģ
ҶεЦЦ·Ͻе
ҲЦˣ㵱ǲĽУң·Сʱ
Ҷһת·ǡһиҾͰæҽԺȥˣ
Ƹ뿪ڷɳԭԲо˵Ӧ˹иרҵ⣬ԵתͷһҶ͵ιåô£ϴԷǷƽһӵĲˣ㵹ãֱӷӣǰװ׵һϡȻַǸӣ
ϲôǸأҶ͵
ɻʵ죿ϣʲôʱϹˣ
һʵôε⣬æŶŶ˵ˡξ˰ɣ
üͷ漴˰ֵȻƽ㶼ԭˣǾˡҸ˵ÿƽôƽŮˡҪҵĻú˵ֱӰȥˣ
ҪĻ̧ңһأҶһ
õصǲҪһ㣿ȥɣ
ƴԲˣˣ˵䡣ⲻҪˣ⼸ˣʲôԹҵϾͷһô
ػҪ˵ʲôȴҶﾪȵصҪ
ǰôˣǣȥĽ˵ͷص
Ҷҡҡͷںص룡ްʲôĽģǱȥģ
ǱȥģǹȥԮҽŭؽ͵
ЦŵҶҲ˵䡣ԼһΪĹԮǵҽѧȥѧġ
ŶҶȻص˵ͷǲԼԼ˹ȥ
㡪ʲô˼ڡһ´ɳվЬҪҶһѱסɳϡ
ҶЦŵ㻹м֪֪֮ĵطҲûҪ㣬Ҳֻȥֵطˣ
ƿƨ
ˣҶ˵ˡüͷһҪء
Ҷίصˣƾʲôұ˵ˣ
Ǵ˾Ƶ
ǺðɣҶֵ̯̯вŮ
ЦŵҪˣҪǽȥ֣úһɣ
ȥåϽֱ֣¡Ҿûˡһǻȥɣٵθˡƽ㣬绰ϵ´μ
˵ţҲ˷ӦֱԼİسţһ淢ı۶ȥ
ƿЦһҡҡͷһӡ
Ҷ߹ȥ§뻳УԼĻﲻŤţҶʵ㻹ðɣʲô˵ôʲôԵ𣿡
ҡҡͷôأ⼸콭в̫ҵʲô顣
ҶЦʲôأһСŶԣôһҵܳʲô״
Цŵû¾ͺáûʲôɣȥô
Ҷ￴ڴ񣬲ɵõ˵ͷã
ҶӦȸԾһһ£ȥ·˵žʹҶĻ˳Ҵ¥
˵ǵһ£Ҷʵ˿һСʱĵʱƻ·˳
һɫʱƴػСA̰ȹźɫְżĲ˾ɫε޳Ĵһ˫ھ߸ŮЬƻ˵ױҶ˹һµζˮζ˱Ƕ
ҶһʱûзӦ
ʲôأô񣡡ߵǰȤƵʵ
ȻǿŮҶȻӦ
糺죬ЦﻹŮʮüˡ
㲻˵һΪļҵ͵͵ܳأҶֺƵص
ͻ˵û˵סҶֱۣš
Ҷﵽĳ˳ûпҶĸʻϣЦʵ˵СأСܿ
ҶЦ˵϶ĳӮŲţ
ЦŵҲġ
Ҷỵ̂ѳ˽ҵн֣Һͣλͣ˳Ҷֵ֣ĽֵϹ
ŮۺʱߵĽ㡣˵ҶƸ߹ʣģ˲˹ŮĿ⡣
Ҷ˸࣬Ϊж˧Ϊ֣ҡһʻһTţпвժˣȻ˸·˵ע⡣ֻǿϧҶþöûͷסüëס˰գûܹпҶ￡ӡ
Ҷ˷ܵعŸ̳װ꣬䷳·ò˵ƵĲ·ǹʳŻķΣװģ˵á
˵Ů˹һ۵飬ŮˣȻܴ۸ˡһʲô
·ЬӣҲ֪С˶١ƻҪҶһ·ǱҶװȥ
Ƶָʾ£Ҷֿʼֹ·Ƶ۹Ҳò˵۹ⲻȻһֳɷΪҶĺá˺ü·ƶŲһ
ôһȦҲеˣȴһֱܺáþûôĵعˣǺһһ֣ӡѾ벻һʲôʱˡ
ʱѾϰ˵ˡҲ˿ԷĵˣҶŴС·ЬӣżꤵضӰ̾ʱڷ˵۾ͲˣߣȥԷɣ
Ҷ˿ллأڽˡ


094 ž
ҶǿҪ£С·Żȥ˾ͽ˼ҷ¡ô˵˶˵ش󣬶
ŸҶѾ̻ʵسæԣû˸
Ҷ˵ͷһƳȴӷ߳һϤӰǺٻ
ӦҶͶٻһ̣ٻҲʱŤͷǿϣɫ죬Ǻȶ˾ơ˵ײһ飬ãٻĿһԵơ˴СĶ˲һƬ䣻漴תǽϴּ˹ȥ
ڿʲôԣûͣɻһ䣬ȻҶ˼⡣
ҶҡҡͷûʲôȻ˼ڷѿӷҳԱˣ
㲻˵ôôͳô㣿Ʋʵ
Ҷ͵һѣ˵鷳Ҫȥ
ƻȻ˵ͷȥɣ㡣
Ҷ˵ͷ漴׷źٻӰ˹ȥ
ٻЧ治ôǴλֺ뺫ϼŵĺͬԹ˾ӰĴǰòһҵȴΪһҹ㻵ʵӡ˵ͬԩңٻзƣǼҵﻹЩ鷳
쵽ƳԷʵӸʵѺͬǩˡȴûЩ˱Ͽȥ˹˹ģһȴһӻˮȲ˵ϯ̸ЩƶˣһЩҪֶţҪǺٻԣͱЩ˹൹ˡ
ǣԼŻǸˣǸԼôŵˣٻţԼ²һûȷǸåŰϳٻţֹܡˣûһǺö
ٻ뵽һʹɵһˮϡˮ̼ЩκĴԺ˼֣ЩȵҲоˡֽ˲Ҫžһ£ȴһˡ
˭ⲻǸ쵰Լۻ𣿺ٻ˲ۣǸɻڡٻһ˼ȴоײһǽϡһֱ۽Լ˻ϴһϤʵϱû°ɣ
ٻһͷĿϤסŴҶĻվصλϴ˰ɣҲʶ㡣˵һģֲˤ
Ҷæǰһѷסüͷʵôôƣ
ٻٴνҶƿصҵ鲻Ҫܣ
ãҶ˵ͷʵǲǻڻң
ʲôûɵģٻЦһ鶼Ѿװˡ㻹ƭ𣿡
ҶʵǸʲôϵôԶ
ٻһԣҾ
ҶæҪǾùµңҿ㣬ҴӦ
Ҫٻһ͵˦Ҷĵ߳ϴּ䣬Ű˻ȥ
Ҷ״ֻಽظȥζӦҪչһ
Ƶȱȱس˵㶫ڵҶʧķͻȻٻĳ˴ϣҶӰҲų֡һǰһسһȥ
ͻȻһʲô鶼ͨˣеʧԱ
Լ֪ҶϲٻΪʲôл˵ѹһǷ껪ഺŮһ˽Ĳлʲôȥ
įʰ˴С·Ьӣ˷Ǯ뿪˾Ƶꡣ
Ҷźٻ˰ᣬｻȵߡٻλãҪƣûзֽҶ
һŴӵĵкˣȵú棬ɵС۾žƱҪͺٻٻѱһۣܾ˼ܡе㲻ʤٺˣ
ЦǺǵص⻰ʲô˼ûô֪ʤأ㻹ûʹ졣
ٻüͷܣ治ܺˣҪԲƣһ
ܡЦŵ˵ЦˣȲеǻᡣȾӦþ˶Բԣ
ٻͷȥǲܡܰһ壬һ˫С۾Ȼɵϴ󣬶ͷϵƶ켷˳Ӳʲô˼ҪҲУͬҿøеķ˼̸̸ˡ
⡪ٻɫ˲ò̫ȻЩԴҪЮɶֱúٻģûа취ûǿòͷٻãǷ˱ӣԼһơ
˵ˣһҾҡٻ˵ţҪѱ͡ͻȻһֻ˹ѺٻıӶ˹ȥٻԾ֮£ͷһҶ
ٻҶﵷңԼҵȴűӶܵãǺܾޣȵòˣô
ۿǰ޹˵СŮϰҪԼ˾һȺ˺Χ֮¹ൽڵأͻȻ·ɱһҧ𣬲ɵŭȵĶ˵ʸ𣿡
Ҷüͷһ壬һֲֻźۼܵĺЦŵôٻܲð飬㺮ܹԼǲΪ׼һӾˣô˵𣿡
㣡ܶҶ￴˰ΣŤͷȥߵضԺٻܣʲô˼ǰ㲻һôôʱҪһ˹
ŶҶɻʵѵ㺰һ˹Իȣٻ̸⣬ǹ˾ֻһ˹Ǻʲôˣû㣬Ե𣿡
Ҳ˵ҳȥص
ٻüͷܣ̸ˣҲûȨҵ߰ɣ
ٻΪԼͷҶɫһϲæյٻĸǰСϱڳˣ
㡪ߣٻҧҧŤͷȥҶ
ããã˵
ܺһƵУһװĵסˣֱİŭȵ⻰˼ǲ˵㲻Ҫˣ
ҡٻûشҶȴĶ˵ʸ𣿡
ԭԭһ仰ҶŻỹǡ
ǹ˾ɹľܱһССҪ߰ɣЦŽܵ
ҶȻصŶҲҲѹ֣žˣ
ŭ˭أ
˭Ӧ˭£
Сŭ־һ⳯ҶкٻһҶСġȴҶͷһƫסܵһܾ͡һʹ
ҶЦȰܣ˾ɱŭŭ״Сʧģ
֣
ԣſܣ

ܣ治˰ɣ
Ҷ֣ܵһȺվһΧҶָıŭȵ
ҶһЦвôðɣҷ˵ɿֺС֡
ܣû°ɣһȺ˻æΧȥĦãаοġܻ󣬷ŭسźٻܣûбҪ˵ʲôˣȻ㶼ûг⣬֮ǰԼ˰ɣ
ʲô
ǵģʶô
˵ţܾһȺ˳ȥ
ҶæţҶﺰţΪҪǸʲôģԼҪúĥһʲôٰܲǸƯĲ񻰵ĺܺúһ
ǵ⣬عͷȴҶȻ̸ˣ鷳ǵǰ̨һʣô˳ԳԺȺȣǾͺһ˱ź˵ƣòỹǳǮɣ
㡪ߵָָҶ߶µһȺ߳˰ᡣ


095 ɱֲ̫
ܡһȺ˻뿪˰ᡣҶһ󳩿죬ɴյٻǰϱôǲһ鷳
ٻһʲôһ鷳ֻһҵ񣡡
ҶһӲɽҲģ̾ϢǮǮǮҿǵǮ۶ˡ̸֪Ǯװ
ٻһû˵úԼļֱӳȥ
Ҷæȥϱ˾Ʋܿȥɣ
ٻػصһҴݡ
Ҷ۵صǶ಻ȫôһ绨˶ҹİȥΣյġ
ٻƫͷȥʵĪһȥͲΣ𣿡
ҶεЦЦ
߳ᣬɼһȺǰ̨ˡҶƣĴһ£ȴûмӰӦǵԼȵòͷлȥ˰ɡ
ţȴͻȻһȺűӼһѣճһضǰ̨˵һˡ
ٻüͷʵô£ҶĿȥʱˡ
ֻ亹乣һεվһýʪһɶζϴԭʧˣİڵһȺΧҪȴֲңֱֻͦͦվޱΡ
ҶٺЦҾ˵Ҫŭŭʧģ
ٻһۣﻹ֪ˣСУͦġٻûô飬Ȼ˵һʵӣ˳ˣвˡ
Ҷźٻ߳꣬⣬Ҫȥæ˾ƣܿҵĳɣ
ٻȷҲм⣬ΪβÿҪҶԼôҲԼˡ
ҶźٻԼĳԣ򿪳ţźٻ˸ϣųٻıʻȥ
Ҷıϣٻͷ˼֡򿪳еԭľҲ񱻴ɢˡ
ٻŴ⣬ͷҲصʵ治
źٻôһûͷĻҶɶĺͷԣɻʵʲô治
˵ƶ治ٻЦһ͵
Ҷ첻ҽӻˣʵ֪ٻᣬʱȴǽ͵ĺʱ
ٻ⳵İɣǸװģûһǧòô͸ˣ
Ҷæ·ģɲ͵ġԼӮġ
ǣٻһû˵ǸԼӮȡԼ
Ҷ͵˵ڶĳӮġ
γһĲٻͷ
ףҶɻʵʲôʱ˶Ƹˣ̸鼦ˣ
ٻûлشֻǶŴ⡣
ȻûǰԣҲûд֡Ҷ֪ٻжԼˡڣҪβܽ⿪Ҷﲻ֪Ҳֻʱħɣ
Ҷ￪ųźٻصıһȥȴٻһŹˣһź˹
ллһ
ιôҽȥȱ찡ôҾ֮ллҲ̫˰ɣҶίغ
ûӦҶſ̨ϣȼ˺ʣµỊ̇ؿŻںҹ˸
Σźһ
ллҽһ鷳
Ҷڡվſſڣҽȥһްɣ㲻¶޽֣Ȱɣ
ٻŵɣɵ˺ҿԲټƽϣǵһʹԺ󣬲ҪẮˣҴӴİ·
ιҶæϱûҪôɣǺôһͬĿ갡
ι
飡飡飡
ƾҶκţٻ޻ӦȻҶкַܶʽȥ˿ȴôȻɣӵأʱϰɡ
Ҷ̾Ϣһų뿪˺ٻı
еҹɫЩСȻΪ˲βϱиҸ԰ȵӣҪ󸻴󣬻˵Ѿ㹻ˡ
Ҷųڽйţһʱ䲻֪ȥáͻȻ뵽ڶĳӮһɵһųǶȥ
ǴѾԼı˷šҶͱ߰ĲøˡǸŰﵽЩŮԵȤƷӻϡɳϡ洦ɼһЩŮ˵¡࣬
طСӵһ˽סһЩŮģû뵽СҲͦõġ
Ҷﲻٽȥӱȹݸ£֪СЩʲô顣ֻеҸһ£ˡ
ţҶҪ뿪ȴһĵЦݴ˹
ڻˣһŽƤµŮ˴Ӷ¥˳ϵϣҶ۵
Ҷ̧ͷȥΪСӽݲؽȴû뵽Լˡǰ
ô㣿ôѵҶɻʵ˵ɨһȦΧһЦؿŰ
һڵϹдЩʲôΪһǸСʲôϵ
ҶٺЦѵôô
Ц˵ڵģŲţ
Ҷ˵ͷšҸ
̨Ҷߣص˼ҾҪ뿪ˣҪ㡣ĺ߶ŮΪ˲СŮᣬֻˡҪٲѽǼһء
Ҷ˵ͷЦϢͦͨģ
ҶĻУĶش˿һеģϢͨĻ粻֪˶ٻˣ
Ҷидص˵ͷŻ壬ͻȻʲôʵһеģôûɾҪ뿪أ
һۣ̫ˣ˼ҲŲҪ뿪
Ҷ΢΢һЦ֪˰ίӦȡ˶İɱŻҪ뿪
ΪʲôҪңĪΪ˧Ҷﲻʵ
Цɣ
ҶٺЦŵִĹУҰ㺣԰ΰţһܺõģһӰˣ־ͽСɱֲ̫䡷ô
ðЦŵǲҪŮǣ
ҶЦŵŮû⣬дϷģҲҽӣ
Ҫ˭ʵ
أҶ
ЦƿҶĻˣҪˡ뿪֮ǰо仰Ҫ͸㡣
Ҷӣʵʲôȴôÿһ뿪˶ҪԼһ仰
һ࣬صҪСģҪɱͷܴһȻʧˣǿ϶
ҶһüͷѵԼ´ˣԼջعûãôôĳˣ˭ҪԼ֣


096 ʱκһ
һҪúûţҼгˣ
Ҷ˵ͷãͻȻϵĹƶǱʲôʱܹҵҶӵ񻨣ңʱΪ㳹׸ϵĹƶ
조Ц˻֣ҶôټɣҵС˵תƿ˳ȥ
Ҷź溰һ䣺˵߾߰ιһȱ谡˵ĳ裬æιҪ㣬ҲҪȥġ
ǣͷҲûлأ˳ȥʧҶߵС
ҶҲŰ˳ȥԼĳƵıʻȥûƵļңƵĵ绰ʹ˹
ûгɣ˿ԥ˿ʵ
Ҷüͷʣôô˵
㲻ǺͺٻһҵĴŵˡƴŵίʵ
ҶлȻæûУҾؼҶѡ
ӦһŶ
Ҷڿء
ܲܵҼһˣæʵ
ǶأҶЦŻش
Ƶţее£
Ҷüæʵô£
Ҳ֪ܸоʲôһֱڶң˿ǻ
ҶȻڲĴɱһɱֵʧѾԷ֪ˡλ᲻ɱأ
ţҶţƵıʻȥ
ûҶţҶѾ֪ƵֱûдȺСӻ겻ɢˡɱͬǰεһѡƶǶõıΪǱص㡣ֻǿϧҶôһɱʦעֻǰŪЦ󷽶ѡ
Ҷ΢΢һЦÿƵķţ˽ȥ
ǰˣѡ׵İ취ȹ۲죬ӣٳ֡ɳƣȥһ⣬˶Ƿǳרҵɱ֣һɱ㹻Ϣɼܹ֤ĳɹʡ
ˣڵ֪ǰʧ֮˵ľԱ֮ǰ˺ܶࡣһҶ
ֻ֪Ҷ֮£ֻҪһ˿ɱ©ҲΡ
ҶûϹȥʰɱû϶һһҶҪжûͬԷҪж϶ԷǲǹݺԼʱһˡҪúðοһƣһŮˣ֮£Լ뿪׶˺
ȻһҶ˽ĻŵҶܸоڶҡӺ涼쬵ģϴ趼ϴˣÿ£
Ҷļο£ûµģⲻҪ
Ƶ˵ͷ΢İһ㡣Ҷ£ֻƤһ˸ǷףôͻȻͷΣ˯
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ҶｫƷŵϣѷĵƶϨˣȻѴϡͬһֻһӴڷ˳ȥ
ŹѾϸжϹˡɱ־ֻһˣûбͬڶԷûüҶﶯͬʱҶѾŵŶñˮܵɱڵ¥
žһҶһȭ˴վ˶Էǰ
һʮĺӣգһ˫ۣߺܳƲ룬еթС˵ζ
ҶͻȻǰһȻһȭҶ﹥Ҷһ㣻ǺһȭҶŹ
ҶķӦҲһȭͷӶͷǰҶȥץǺ֣һ̧ȾͳҶֻɨȥҶ߻ڿУװ˵һӵ漴һʮȵĺշ˵档
ֲǣҶٺһЦȤ
һһȭҶ﹥
ҶҲ㣬ֱȥ磬һץס漴˳һšֻһֱֻۣʧȥ֪һֳֳֻץҶ̽
Ҷٺ١һЦſһץһֻץһšӵֻ˲䶼ʧȥս
һۣҶһۣתܡҶᣬŲæط룬ĲӺ档ֻòһ飬ʱ̱ʧȥ
Ҷ֪ЩɱֵƢԣҲϻһ飬һƬҶв²⣬ⶨȻǸɱ˵ϰˡ
ҶｫƬ뻳УһֵΡͬϴζԴǸɱһƱЩһϾΪһ¥ɱľ顣
һж㶨ԺҶͳƬϸϸ鿴
Ƭֻһ˵֣Լһϵ绰ҶŲ˹ȥԷ绰ͨȴû˵͹ҵˡ
Ҷüͷϴκһڰʶĺ岦һ绰ȥ
ξֳҲһˡҶ￪żɽص
塰ЦˬشӦţҶ٣˵Ҫ˭ܺãۿڼڽݹ͵ԼǰҶв޸мֻЩҲֻˡ
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Ҷվڽϵһᣬĵ绰˹ûһˡͨ185xxxxxx30ͨ¼ͨصʾҪҵ˺ܿһƵˡ
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ƣƵǰͬѧһ𴴹ҵʮǰ֪ΪʲôԭͻȻƵǰַˣ뿪˽СǰںԴעһҹ˾ҪӪǻױƷƷҵǰУڳһ׷ӡ
ҶлξֳҲϵ黹ҪԵڶ˵
塰Цŵġ
˵绰Ҷ˲ñ㲻ϵ鷳鷳ҶĵЦһųӣȥ
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ӵϢʱһ㶣漴ֻòһ˶пôһ˾ܣ򲡶ŵʱȴ֪һֻǱѡֻкһԼԼܹµ

ҶϻƵסլʱƽȵ˯ҶҲ࣬˯˹ȥ
ڶ죬ΪҶ׼͡ڲż򵥵ţ̼弦ʱ򣬵ıͻȻҵಡͻȥϢ
ɫͻȻһ㶣žһһţ̡
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Ҷ߹ȥѵӹϡƵһжȥˣʰһ£ȥϰɣ
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097 ϼյ
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ĵʱСĵ绰˽
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ʶҶҶĳֱ룬һֱұĳһҶ˶ʮֿġүӱҪҶһ壬ԶӲҶ鷿
ҶϵܰлĻҲͲ˵ڶˡκҪġԶ˱裬̾˵
ҶüͷŶô˵Ǹˣȥ
ԶЦؾˣڲλﵣθְѹܴ󰡡
Ҷ΢΢Ц߶
ԶЦŵһ֡ǴȥˣаʡﶼһƬңȱ֮أҵߣ֯ϺܿǶѽ˵εһؾأ
ôأǲίǸհԶȥǿ϶ǿ긻ǿԽԽǧ̵ӡҶҲЦŹά
ԶҡҡͷЦСӣĪҲƨ
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ԶЦŵ㻹ǿʶ˵үҲøһȥҾ͵ģˣһиʲô
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ҶæصҪϲϲˡ
ԶЦ˵Ѿͷжб죬ҲˡѽȻͱˣѾͷͦģʵĵػǺġ
ŶҲˣҶʵʵĵһҲȡô壬ôϰֻ֣Ҫ̫ݰ벻ѡ
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С챾ҶڽеġһүӹӣԸ뿪Լ̫ԶԶûм˵ĹշСӻᴳʲôǱ˾ǡ
һж䶨һϵϣһȫҪ뿪ˡô˵Ǽ˵顣
˳һٷʱС첻ͣظҶʹɫ˼ҶԼ䣬Ҷû
ѵûŮһأԷҶȤӴС㣬ôˣǲ֪Ҫȥѹ
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ҶҲЦˣһߣ쮳龰ɾһܰѾͷȻ¹ţǹƴǺܶҶθڡ
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û֪ƿ˰ٷ֮ʮһؿع˭˲²᲻ϧʱˣϧʱļ˶ֻǸ˴ӱƳĴѡ
ʽĵһµĶǾǽٻŸ˷ͥŰٷ֮ʮĹȨҶﲢ֪Щ飬ȫȨϧʱԼƹ
ϧʱǸҵ˲ţôԹ˾ͻôô֪ԼĴϰѾ˼ΪֹϼٻأԼһ̨ôһϷҪϰŸɵĽడ


098 ɱɱ
ҶﻹǴӱֽϵ֪źٻڷͥϳƤ顣˾֮Ĺ˾Ѳöġ٣ô⣿Ҫϰ졣
õͥ˵ǲɵ͵ìˡָոո¹˾˵ܳһͷڹ˾ͷһĺôġϧʱҲǸˡǶٻ˵˾϶ܵһ𺦡ɼȻˣǿ϶ҲԸЭ
ǣҶ˵ֻԼһ߶ѣ󲻴һҲҪôܻΪôһӬͷСȥﺮٻأ
Ҷֻһͷ󡣱Ѿвɵ͵ìˡúٻ֪ˣǲԼˣ
ֽҶæ˸绰ϧʱضٻŵߣڱֽٻŹǸ
ϧʱһѯԭȴҶݺݵطԸ㲻Ҫ֪ԭ򡣸㣬㶼Լйٻŵ飬ʾ˵
ϧʱʮίعҶ˵绰һͷˮϰҪԭ򡣵û취˭˼ϰ壬Լֻһأ
ֻðմϰ˼˶ٻŵߣڽձ֣µٻŵǸʾԼԱ⣬ٻᣬΪ˼ΪӵĸӰ죬Ը⳥ٻҲʮֺĵضԴ˱ʾ½⣬Ҿܾ˶Է⳥
һγΪ˽нȦӵĽͬʱҲڸһ䡣Ȼܶ˶⣬ٻšڵĺܶ˶⣬Ϊʲôǰһʮֳӡ˵˾ְԱһܹһȾƳ裿ôķתΪʲôԭ
֪˴ϰٻźϵԺϧʱ£ľʱɵһ亹Һõ곷ߵüʱûɴ

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ʱʱҲǸ˵ΪҪ˿ϣìܻ⡣ҲϿơҶȲˣ׼
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Ҷﻹûüһʵİ취ƾʹһõϢ
Ĺ˾ڶǵ۳⣬ҪϸϵǱȥҲҪˣԼعʶ˶һһ뿪Լ
Ƶ뿪Լ˵һĥҲһֽѡе䣬æµĹø滺ûôʱȥ飬ôıˡ
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ϣҶƺú´һڶ죬ƴ˷ǵĺ뿪˽
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˶ʮǮ볡ѣҶＷȺƸġȺɫҴңŵװʮࡣֻҶһһ˫ƤЬеTţпҹġóЩ˶ұ֮񹤻
ӵ֪ʲôطҶ￴˿һһĸ֤ϣٶԱԼӡƮƮһżʱЩߡԼôô֪ͶӡˣٿӺÿһЩõĻ϶ҲҪܶ࣡ŵļҶ޲ðӵֽ¨ȥֱǶԼ衣
ţҶͻȻоԼ֡תͷȥһƤ𪣬ȴȸߣŸ۾ŮԼ磬ҪӾ壬һ£һ¡Һܲ
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ȸŮεص˵ͷããã֪ûв壬ڲ浽һˣǰɡ
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ڵƸ˭ǿǿƾ֤飬ԻдУԻУǼ⡣ԡ
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Ŷԭ˼Լ˵Ҷ
⼸ǸУҵӣıҵӿ˲гǹæʱͻȻһˣȻŮ߼ˣѹŷŭǣû˵ô뿪𣿡
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Ҷ˸ۡȿ˾֣ȥŶӡٲҪղŲ嵽˼ҹǰȥˣôԼĹ˾ȥʲô
ţҶһһͻȻһ˾ԾҶߵУҶһǸ˾չ˹ȥ


099 ɱɱ
ٻ粨ϣǴ˳఺Ĵ豸֮һ档ٽźüҵ⣬˺üڣȻŵĹ˾֮С
˵Ų֪ǳʲôĿĳߣһ˾Ҳ޼գڹ˾˵εʧǳ֮
һֵĻ̻̣ԱĴְ˺ٻŭ𣬸ɾؽ˼ְԱԺ󣬶Թ˾˴Ρ
Ⱦһĸļȷ档һ飬MBAͱٻؽƸعٻй˾ĸܡһ˲ŵ̯ӣȿ˿ã֮£ֻ˲гѰ
Ͷ˵ǲ٣붼ЩûйĴѧһ֪Щ۸ʵĺӡǳȲԸһѧϰɳĻᣬʵٻžڡ
Ѿ˲г˴죬ȻһܴﵽȳҪ˶ûУ˵еʵ˲ˡ
ȵ鲻ɵЩȷʵˣɡ˿˾Ƹչ滹ŵĳͷվ˼˸λƸ͵ˡǹ˾ģ
˵кԱһʰϵļԼ֮ǰӦƸͶļҪ뿪
ҶŶӣͶԼǷݴӵϳļŽЩİŮӦ˭֪ûŵԼǸıְҵСװһ˿߿С۾֪ŮɾƸˡ
ⲻ˷ԼʱôǰҡͷԵ̾Ϣ׼뿪Ҷպ÷ֿһȥŹԱ׼ļȵȣһм仰Ҫ˵
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Ҷװһܿģ˷Ѳʱ䣬ӣӿ԰ɣϢᣬȱ裡
СЩΪѵؿ˳һֻۣȵλɣļŵǻȥһ£ʣ֪ͨΣ
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صôˣھͿȥĵλӦƸˡ
ҶæȵȣҰɽˮǧȥԭ߹ܵĹоΪ˼ٻŰĽȴԴңʵ̫ҵˡ
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εصôѡ㣿ô򵥵һż̫˵˰ɣûκεĹܡ
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˵ųȵݸҶһԿסţҶﵽ˳˲г⽫˳
һ·ϣҶｫúƽȡò׵õݹ»صٻţٴοԽӽٻõĻᣬΪһӡԼʧܡ
һ·ųȺͽСŮСºں档СѩӨڸʻϡһʼû˵
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˵ţʲôʵҶ֪ǹ˾𣿡
Ҷ˵ͷ֪֪˵Ҷǹ˾ǳ˽⡣
ڳ棬Цʵô˵㻹Ľ
ҶǵȻˡΪǿЦ𣿡
ͻȻ뵽ʲôЩʵǳʲôĿģĽĽʲôģһҽƴѧ˶ʿһҵΪʲôֻһ˾ƺͲͨ


100 ػٻ˾
ҶЩŵʵ㲻Ҫ˰ɣ
ЦŵֻЩɻѡ
ҶԽһתһЩεصðɣҸǣǿǧ𴫳ȥˡ
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ֱ̫ۡˣѩӨ̲סӯѾҶĹ¸شˡ
ҶһҪллǣллǸᣡ
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ԶԶԣģǱ֤˵ġºҲͷ絷ص
ӿٻŵĳҶºѩӨ˴һϤĵطҶͳܴȴûзһˡɻЩ˶ȥȾҶŵݣٻİ칫ȥ
ȴҶվںٻİ칫⣬ҪţҶǺܵİ칫ҰɣҾͲȥ˰ɣ̫ͻһ㡣
ЦʵôˣˣǧɽˮֻΪڲҽȥˣ
ҶٺЦŵǣֻǵûһ壬ȥе㲻ʡ˵ţҶȴ룬ȥԿײԼˣǻˡȰѹȶ˵
ȴϵȰ˰ֵûϵġ߰ɣ˵ž˺ٻİ칫ҵšٻϤӰ칫ﴫ˳Ҷ˽ȥ
ڰ칫棬㲣ȴǿļͷҲ̧ؿšнŲֻüͷȰɣҰļꡣ
Цŵܣ̫ˡȻҷŵλãЩ齻ҾͺˡɲҪΪҺûдڸеġ
ٻ΢ЦⲻͰƸνôڣҷġƸôΪٻҵҪ˲˰ɣ
ȵݬ롣黹ҪŶˣܣΪ˸˾ҿ⼸ϰҲͦ۵ģ͹˾ܣҸ˰㿪Ҳƣͼʻ
ٻŷļһߵǾˡ
ƿӣҶٻİ칫ǰţΪҵ˾
ٻ̧ͷһһϤԾǰٴҹλأԺֵӰÿһʱ֣ȴʹԼ顣վԼǰһֲʵʵĸоͻȻ˺ٻԺۻ𣿺ٻ۾
ܣãּˣҶ΢ЦŴ˸к
⻰ȻΪҶ˵ڷɻ棬ټǡ֡ˡ΢΢һЦܣġ
˵ת߳˺ٻİ칫ң˳ְŸˡ
أһ졣ٻ̴վҶصʲô
üͷȳˣʲôУ˾Ǻǣ걣˾ôؽӽңͼʲô
Ҷϱô˵̫ҵˣҶ㣬չģˣǸϲҵģ
ٻһۣȴ˵㻹ӺҲ𣿡
Ҷ㻹ڻҵݶԲԣҿ԰е㡣ֻҺҲ᲻š
ٻĬȻ֪ԼЩ̡ٻЩֲҶ˵ûܻ⡣
뿪ʱҹٻ˵ϴεɨУץһС͵С͵һЩ飬Ǻٻйϵġ
һףҶġٻҲ𣬺ԼҶҶ˵Ķġ漴ԹΪʲôͲٶͽء
ԭǻҪȡԼĹ˾ļԭΪ˲ɢ˾Ļ̻̣Źڣԭ͵͵سͷǸС͵ָˡһûиԼ˵ίҲֻһĬĬسܡ
Ҳһѹɡ뵽ٻвɵһʹѹ뿪ԼѹͶƵĹ˾Լ̫˰ɡ
뵽ٻҡҡͷˣĹҲ֪ûʲôƭҵģ
Ҷϱ˵Ҫôſԭң
ٻȻ֪һεԼҶԸʹȻԲԸͷ˭һôĵģŮˡһЦ˵ѾˣϴѾ˵ùˡǵһʹ˭ҲǷ˭㻹Ҫҵԭʲôʲô˾᲻̫һ㣿
Ҷҡҡͷ֪Ŀġ˵˾ˣҸɱҶԸ⡣
ٻ£ļװȴζӳ£ЩĻϲЩ˵ıŤȴ˵ˣȥɣҪٴҵĹˡ
ҶȴιϱѳԿ׸ҰΪ˾ұȥһǵĳӣͼûɲû⣬ȫô
ٻһ˭ͬ㣬ҵ˾ˣ
ҶίʵҸֲҪˣҪ㱣ڰɣҲҼһĳ
ٻص㲻һװܳĳɣ
ҶЦŵ˵ǲҵģѡ
ٻһپ仰оʮž仰Ǽٵģô㣿
ҶЩƾ֮ûа취򿪺ٻеǸᡣΪٻԼӽĿΪ˵ȡٻ˾ļȴ룬úٻ޷黳Ҷ￴Ʒ˲Ը
ʧ䣬ֻٻ칫šأأأûȺٻ˵Ⱦ˽
ôܣҶﻹ԰ɣҪãҲûҵĺʵ˾Цʵ
Уٻѿڶص
ôУͷһᣬЩʵ
ٻ֧˼ҲûҳԭǱǲС
ͻȻʲôƵģһȻ̬Ŷ֪ˣǲһеĲ̫ʣ
ԣԣԣٻæ˵ͷ㻹ǸһŮ˾ɣ
һЦˣܣ㻹ҪӰѣûϵģɣҿҶͦʵģոջʱǣͦȵġ
˵תҶҶߣȥǼһ¡һ¼롣ʽϰࡣ
Ҷ￴˺ٻһֻۣĿɿڴﲻ֪˵ʲôãǡٺ١һЦգллܡ
˵űų߳˺ٻİ칫ҡٵſڵʱҶﻹͷźٻһͣصϱϼ
źٻ칫šءһϣٻৡһץϵļˤϣҧåҿ㵽Ҫʲô
Ҷųٻŵڹ˾ݿ¼ԼϣһԱ֤һӦ֤ƬȽҶԿףʱݿǺܵĳһأǹ˾ĳոҲˡƽʱϰʲôҪóģͽ㸺ˡͷ·ʲôȵţͷƱңС
Ҷ˵ͷأллˡ


101 ӰҸ
ҿһۣûˣǴյҶǰιô
һɺŵɢֱҶıǶ˱ȥְҵװغҪһһʱ䣬ҶЩԳ
ʲôôҶﶨ˶ʵ
Ǹܰ㲻˵ڷɻһôȺɸֵʵҸողǻ˵ĿռûǸʾһ£
ŶҶŻȻ򣬡˵鰡ҾûҪҵĺһֱ⣬⣬ܻеġŮӲϲվô
˼ŵǵҲǣҿŶʲôһἰʱ֪ͨģ
ҶЦѣû뵽һ²ΪԼƭһݹӮһ˾ܵΡֿĺϷ뻹Ůӵɱﵡ
ȵ˱˰칫ҼæµĹԺҶ㿪ʼٻת˵˾Ҳһ칫ҵģ˵ǰ칫Ҳ˵ϢĺáɵΣôҲҼ졣
Ҷٻŵİ칫¥йһȦӲûзһӰ
֣Щ˶ȥأйţͻȻںҶ磡Ҷһͷŷһˣǰٻŵѡ
Сһλģ˳ССĲ۶ҶȴӡǰϴʱҶ죬ҲֻҶһֱ֪ʲô֡
ŶãǣҶͷŷжŸӣһЩļ֮ġҪȥﰡ
ŶҴְˣؼҡСЦЦƽص
ôҪְأСأСأǶȥˣҶüͷʵ
С۶ǰɢͷ̸أŽ飬ϼˡ
ŶҶȻѹôûпԭϲͷû뵽Լ뿪ôһ£תۼ˷Ѿ
ҲְأҶʵ
СЦŵ˾Ч治ãҰйϵŵĹҾ͡
ԭˣҶ˵ͷߴߣˮʹҲֲ˼ҡٻȷʵ˺ܶ⣬ĻɢѹֺٻüǸСҲǴְ뿪˰ɡ
ֲٻйԴԭôԭ
СЦŵҶ磬æ¾˰
Ҷ˵ͷСļԶͻȻЩԼûԼ˵һԼƤز뿪ٻţ᲻һ㣿ڵزأ
ϡҶ漴ܣΣԼˣôһеҲӭжˡ
Ҷﾫܵص⣬һ£ûзʲô⡣صϢң˿°ʱ䡣ŽٻŰ칫õſڣ˸绰ٻϱ°ˣԼۻˡ¥ȥ
ٻһҶߵ˴ǰȥֻҶվԼĳԱߣܿԼһ˻ָԼ˸квɵһůҶĻ쵰Ťͷȥȥ
Ҷ˰СʱۿɫҹĻˡٸٻȥһ绰ֻšǡһˣٻͳһ̸߽һ˳
Ҷæӭȥܣȥ
ؿһҶٻ˹Ľ̸Ǿɣܡһȥˣټ
˵Ż˻֣ȥ˳⣬Լĳɳ۶ȥ
ҶԺٻϱ߰ɣ춼ôˣǻȥɣ
ٻ䡰ߡһʻĳ˳Ҷһ֪ѾԼĹһЭˣϲ̵ش򿪳ţţֱȥ
·ϣҶͻȻ˻ûгԷǱʣϱҪȥԵ㷹ɡ㿴ôˣӶˡ
˭ϱҶܲһ㣬ҪҺٻһ
ҶڨڨһЦǵϱ㲻𣿡
ٻͷȥ
ҶҶˣ
ʲô£ٻصöá
Ҷҡҡͷ̾Ϣ˼Ҫãˣ㲻ͳ˹Ѹô
ŹѸأٻص
ҶðɣðɣȻ㲻ǾȻȥˣٳԣҪҲУ
ٻЦһõУʲôǻȥһȥûϵ
ҶӵУġ
ӿ˺ٻı˳ҶҪźٻţֻٻˣ°ˣ㿪ߣϰ˵ӵң
ҶһϱûҪôɣҶüûкúóԹú˯ˣҸϳȥ˯Ժǽ飬˻Цģ
ٻһһҶ㲻Ҫ˵˭Ҫˣ˵ͳԿ״ţԹ˽ȥ
ҶһţæŽţ˳ֻŸˡ
ٻһۣ㻹˯ǰǸ䡣ʲôҶˣ򣬽ֻίһˡ
ҶʱüЦصίίϱҪίҪͼһҲģ
ٻ㣡
ҶίصΪʲôֲţ˵֣ٻıǰȥ
ʲôٻһ˼һ򣬲ˤڵءҶæϣһٻС
ʧ֮УٻڱܵľͳҶظһѡҶһɣٻ͵ؾͳź淴ȥҶæȥڽǶ̫һˤ˵ϡҶ˽ٻѹ£ײĶͷϡ
ӴٻʹһҶæӦٻ⻬Ķͷϱûʲô°ɣ
ٻŭһ㻹ſ
ٻ˵ãһ˵Ҷ˼һתֻĴУ簼͹Լļѹһ㣬ǺٻϵŤƨɣ߻ȵ໥ӴĦҶжʱһźٻϱ𶯣
ٻҶ˵棬ͻȻֹͣ˶ɴһ˫۾ֱؿ˶ӣٻȻЩɬһĻ統һμڷɻϵϴּһ
˲÷ۺٻɵñ۾΢΢ſĽ۵ĺ촽¼žӨ͸ıӨӨŹĺü˳ܵ˶ԱزҶ²
ҶҲ̲סһҧסһԽ۵ĺ촽ã֡
ٻɴһ˫Ŀŭصåռұ𣿡
ҶίصҲҵ岻Ը⣡
ٻͻȻһѽҶ﷭վԼ·ŻڵϵҶͻȻųҶȥ
Ҷۼֿ죬æסҪλٻһŸպߵҶϣӴҶʹһһֻϺһ
ϱ㰡㲻ΪҿǣҲҪΪԼǿǰطӰԺҸģҶæĵ
ߣåһӻˮٻضһ仰¥Լķš
ҶȻͻȻʲôƵģæιϱ㻹ûԷأҪ˶Ӱ
ٻﻹشҶصֻܹˣ


102 ٻԹ
ҶѾܾû˯ðˡڶһ磬˯еҶͱٻ
˯ô㿴ڼˣٻһϽѳȥϰ࣡
Ҷ˯ۣ˸Ƿϱôܲٵ
ǰ˵ʮ֣ϴʮӣʮӣʮܸϵõ˾ٻʵ
Ҫôʱ䣬źȱˮϾͰѳҶӴϷ𣬴Ҵϴ꣬ӾͰѳͣſڡ
ô죿ٻڸϣɵʵûˢɣ
ҶЦˢȻ㣬ţ˵ҶͰͷ˹ȥźٻ˿
ٻ˻֣һȥ
ҶٺһЦΣ̵ⷽǺãˣҪˣ˵͵زţ֮͵ش˳ȥ
ٻһǿĹ͵ƵλϣϽϵ˰ȫظʲô˾ҪҰ
ҶٺһЦʱ
Ҷƿỵ̂糿ӵµĳϣƺκӰģһʻš˳㻹·ͣڰ˵ʮ֣Ҷ׼ȷؽͣٻŵİ칫¥ǰ
Ҷ³溮ٻ˳šٻһκشӳ˳´Ҿͳ㡣
Ҷ΢΢һЦϡ´㡣
źٻ߽˹˾ҶﻹȥԼϢ˯º˹˵Ҷ磬ȥ˲г
ҶεôӦһϢļƻˡû취ȻϰˣҲܲȥˡ
ųͳԼºѩӨ˲гһչְæѹ˾ļ飬ƸƻȺչˡҶһԴ˯
˲гһӵ԰ѹأϿΪٻѡ˲š
˼ٷݼһЩһӡ󻹿ԵģʮݣһԡЩҪûȥٹһ飬ȾԺٸЩ˴绰֪ͨԡ
æһ磬˲г˸зҶָ𿪳ȵ˻ȥ
·ϣȶҶҶԵʱһæȻΪ˱㣬Ҳһܡ
ʲôܣҶԶǰһ⡣
ǹںܵܣ벻֪صջҶ
Ҷĵ͵ֲѣںٻܣԼ֪ñȳȻɣܲ˼ҵĺ⣬Ҷã˵ɣ
ʵͲʲôæ𣿡
ŶҶŷӦǵģʲôæ
Թôȵ
Թ٣Ҷɻصʰɣһ˾ʲôԹ٣
ЦǸ㴴ᣬ밡ܿ϶ǻμԵģֺãô᲻úܹĿ࿴أ
ǾͶлˣҶЦ˵лȻʣãҰæ˵أҲø˰ɣ
صؽͷӳӺ쵽˼ʻλԵĩǺܵգҿǰ̽ˣʱܻڽƵһ磬ͬѧϵĻ鶼μӣʱɵúúñְ
ŶһգҶɵʵ˵϶ԺٻѾ˲ٵ˽⣬ΪһͬŮԵջûй˽⡣
лˣܣʱһúøܳһסտ֡ġҶϿҵصһл
˭㳪տ֡ˣȰһ۵
Ҷɻʵǳʲô裿ȻұΪлС⣬ĸƺҲ̫Ӧ
Ц컬࣬˭㳪ˣ˵Ҫú׼һ
ŶҶ̿ˮǮٶǮһۡǹ˾ʲôʱ򷢹ʣ
εСӣǧɽˮУΪ˺ôںôǮ
ţ˵ҲǣҶ˵ͷ
ôһ˵ҶȻԼϣˡٻҪˣԼһϲ᲻˶ԭԼʱһзǳʲôͳͳ⿪񲻽ԴϲˣԼúú׼һˡ
Ҷа
˰࣬ѺٻͻرҶֺƵ˺ٻǰҪھһЩõϢ
ϱȽϲʲôҶһЦʵ
ٻһ۵ұȽϲԶһ㣡
ǺǣϱĬҶ˸ϲʲôɫ
ٻЦҪ
ҶҾʣϲʲôɫǲǺҵȤͶ
ۺͰɫ
ôɣԵҲϲۺɫͰɫ㴩ŷۺɫºͰɫڿ㣬ÿˣҶƵ˵
åٻ֣¥Ϸ˯ȥˡ
ҶصԼķ䣬ִʲôѾˣٻȻӲﻹͦԼġҶе⡣
ڶ죬ҶӦȵμٻŵĹ˾ƸԹٵλϣҶ￴гȽԼϣÿһӦƸߵĻܺͼԼһЩԸ⡣
һԣмճλãٻġ
ʮӣٻʱ䵱ֵѩӨͬ˽ӵ֪ͨŮŮӦƸѾź˳ӣصȴĴ
ԵĹҶ˵ǷǳȤġٻڵľ棬һƸĸλʵ̫࣬ٻŸĹʸڱҵ˵Щ硣ˣӦƸĴһЩձҵĴѧ
⼸ƸҪϿĳҲ𲽽Լı׼˼֮󣬾ѾԼľ󲿷鶼ɳٻҶǶȴǲôԡ
ٻΪԼҲû޵ıҪˡҶ˵Щȴ̫ˣûʲô˵ġ
һüͷίľܾ˸ոҪӦƸ۲εӣһݼſڸ𴫻ͽӴѩӨ
һ죬һְҵŮʿװɬŮ˽ںͷβ߶ҡһΡϴЦݣ˵ױСϸһ̲סҪһ뷨
ǸŮҶһͻȻϽΣʵãҽܰɣ
ٻһҶģбֻӶСŮӡ֡СŮ֪ƯҲдƻЦá
Ҷ⣬Ů΢΢һЦȻ󲻻Ųæصλϰãҽл˼£ʮ꣬ҵڽй̴ѧһӦƸְλ۲ڴѧڼ
˼촽ҶƵƵͷʱͷȥʺٻܣ㿴СŮɣѧʱھڹѧѧϰɼҲر㣬ҿͨ
ٻѧڼĳɼܴʲôУ԰ȫЩڴѧر˵Ϸٲά衣
ҶڨڨҲֻǸ
ٻҶŻ˼ʵ㣬ʲô
˼ȫûϵԹٻôֱӵ⣬һʱû׼ֻõһᣬһܶࡣһ԰칫ŶӢ
ٻ˻ִĻش𣺡ǹ˾ӦƸв칫Щ۲˵ʲô𣿡
ҡ˼±ٻˣһʱ䲻֪ôشáֻصҺڿģȻûо飬ҿѧϰģ
ѧϰٻЦһǹ˾ѧУûЩ
ҶЩȥˣٻܣǲЩ̫һ㰡֮ǰҲһѧô㻹ͬ˽أҲø˼һ
ٻޱصԲ𣬻ֻһ˭أ
ҶεҡҡͷֻЭȼˣҲ˵ʲôֻöС˼µˣԵΪֹ֪ͨɣ


103 ¾
ίؾܾ˻˼Ժ˲ЩٻŭҶĺɫһ˵ҶҲЩΣ֪˺ٻѵ˵ְƸı׼Ÿˣ
һƸڽУһݼǸʮУ廪ѧѧ˶ʿҵй飬ӦƸ۲ְܵλ
ųȵһ˧˽ҽԺ󣬳Եе֮ǰнˮ߸ã֪ΪʲôҪȥһݹ
΢΢һЦԵĸڣԶΣϼǽеģĸʹˣֲҵȥҲֻûؼһݹˣ
ʵΪʲôѡǹ˾أҪ֪ͬҵ˵ǹ˾ĹʸԶԶġңҲƭ㣬ǹ˾״ҲǺܺá
Цŵţҵļ룬ٻŻøӻԻͣ
Ȼû˵ʲôҶ㻹ûٻأעĴǣ
΢΢һ㶣Ǹһʱʵְһ㡣
ҶüͷĸобĿġǱҾ̫һ㣡ܻ᲻̫ʺǹ˾
׷ʵΪʲôΪһȱ㣬˽ţһŵˣһٻŷһõδ
Ҷһ˵úʲôã
ٻüͷҶҵĻƸģ㲻ҪúÿһҲ˼ûйٻ
ǣϱܣҾҶæ͵
ûҶ˵꣬ٻ˻ֵˣˡҾͦõģ˵źٻŤͷԵǰɣӭٻţһж׵Ϳϰˡǹ˾ܲúٻҺܾˡ
ãܣˡû뵽ôƯԵ˵ͷ
˵ţٻ֣աָȽܵλǹ˾ĸܣŮʿ
áԺͳԺ󣬱źٻҶȴûٻκαʾòһ䣺λǣ
ŶùңҾһ˾ҶСһº͵Ц⣬һʿһαб㲻ɵЩġ˻֣û
Ҷôһ˵һ㶣ȻЦԭ˾磡ԺܵĳаȫͰˣ˵־ҪҶ֡
Ҷ״ҲԼֽ֣߬վյĶߵģԣܼǰɣҲ㵽ٻǳʲôĿģԺ͵úúùҪ֪ʲôĿģСĲ㣡
˵Ҷһֻԡһæͣ͵ͨһƬ
ôˣԾУٻͳæ˹ٻɻʵ
ûôλҿЦأһûסæ͵
ҶٺЦ˵ԣԣԣҺ˵Ǻٵˣϰ࣬ǧҪٵˡ
΢ЦŶԭˣ
ٻҲҶһû
ԸȥԺ˼ˣȱָλˣεƸǸһ䡣
°صҶЩ黹Ǹٻһ±ȽϺãϴһʲôҪᡣ
˴ǣҶԺٻϱмҾûǸ˵һ±ȽϺãҾǸ⣿
ٻţҶôһɵʧЦ⣿ʲô⣿ǲǾǸеģѧߣͼˣ
Ҷæҡͷôܣ㲻ң
ٻʵǺã㲻ǼʣΪʲô
ҶٺЦôܻἵˣһǾġȫ¾㣡
ٻҡҡͷ̾˿ֱҩɾˣ˵תҪ¥Ҷæסȵȣϱҷɫ̫ãģһҩɾȵġ
ٻüͷ˵Щʲô
ģҶ˵ţ߼ҪײٻʱͻȻͣӣϵĺëŴ󡣺ٻͻȻؽһСһͨͨɵñ۾۽ëĺҲͣգš
Ҷϸضźٻ˻ᣬͻȻٻ۾ɶѩ׵Ķϱ۾ʲôǰɣ
ٻһҶȤ۾һѽҶƿܻص㣬㣬å
ҶٺһЦʵϱǲǾجΣÿѵʱͺ˶һһĴ󺹣
ô֪ٻɵʵ
Ҷصɽơ
ٻһߣ˵Ǵϵ㻹͵أŪ飬˭ϡ֪˵תٲҶ׼뿪
ҶæסιϱǲǻÿڸպˮˮĲ̫ʱһ£ʱֻʮ졭
ٻ˸۵ˣˣ֪ҽ˵ˣЩֲʲô£һӾͺˡ
ҶҡҡͷôǴأվ˶˲ëܻ֮ᵼ졢ʹչȶʹ
ٻüͷôأɱŻң
ҶЦֻ˵пܣڲúñԺ϶²ġ
ٻʲôҶѾӻͳ룬˵һ䣺𶯣ٻֻһ飬·˺ٻϡ
Ҷ룬ھٻֻһů˹¶ϣͷֻص䣬ůůر
ٻɵһҶվһԣ΢ЦؿŻڸոյƹеĺٻ
ðΣٻŻعͷһֻҶЦЦضԼӲɵ÷ƬƲʡ
ôҶʵ
ٻ˵ͷˣֻǲ֪ûã
ҶЦ֤˯جΡҪ볹׸ΣĺҪҩҵĲУ
ٻ˼Ƭ̵Ǻãһ㡣Ҫʲôҩ˰ȥ򣡡
Ҷ΢΢һЦҩңһЩҩģҸȥþǡһע⼸ǧˡУʱҪԼ̫ۣλ˾һ¡Ҳкôġ
ٻ˵ͷУллˣ
ҶٺһЦϱͼ˰ɣ֮䣬㻹ʲôأ
ٻҶһۣʲôҲû˵ţţţЬ¥ԼҡҶͻȻʲôƵģæʵιϱǸˣԺҪ·ģܲܽܰ
ٻûлشҶԹԺһ㲻Ҿ͵Ĭ˰ģҽ߸ĸģΪƵʱҿ϶ǰ㵱Ůġ
ٻհҵŹϣһҶ⻰ʱŭѡ˵ЩʲôҵŮΪ˭˵ˣ˭˵ܽ·ƵģǶΪ鰡ٻͻȻǴڷɻϵ飬ԼҲǵ棬ѹ·
뵽ٻϺϼһƬˡ


104 ȥٻ
һʮգ壬
Ѿаˣ˾Ʒڶǳ˵⡣Ŭ취г´򿪡ӵ˹ڵĵ绰ǵʺúͰοҸоʮֵůġҸǣһжã
ֻûĵ绰Ҳ֪ôˡ
ڷ޸Ҵ˵绰˵ûôĻӣһлãֻҪȽȺܶ࣬ɹˡ
ÿææµµĹûϾʱһЩ⣬ܺãҸоܳʵѹֻżǲֻصٻţı᲻Ҳżأ
ˡѾôõĺ֪ôôһˡ
ٹһ¾ʮˡӦòȥɣϣյף
дԱʣߵ˴ڡɫ谵ƾȥһ޼ʵεۡǸԼļңԼ˼˶æЩʲôأ
Ҷæʲôأ
ҶΪٻʩԺ󣬱ɵϣ˯˹ȥô֪ڼǧĵطһ˵
ڶһ磬ٻһΰҶ˯кҶŧ˯ۣ˵ȥ˾ٻѳԿ׸ҡеҪԼȥһˣ١
Ҷĩˡĩˣٻվ죬ҶţҪȥ׼һ£ٻһС
ٻųȥˡҶڴֻжһʮԪҡȥƺǮе㲻ã취С
ϴԺҶڽйһȦЩĿƷǼԪۡʵûа취ֻô˸绰ȡ
ĥοڣȵҶʲô£Ǯ̸ˣ
ȿȡҶɿһҪѿڶĻ̻˶
ֻ绰ͷЦˣˣҿЦء֪ѣ׼ɣҪǮҽ㡣
ҶٺЦܹȻĻʣһӾͲµˡȽһǧǮɣҾͻ㡣
ЦĪһ㲻˲ɣֻҪһǧǮ᲻е㲻
ˣˣ̫һ𡣡ҶϽ
ȵҲ̫С˰ɣô飬ֻһǧǮǲе㺮ˣ
Ҷĳصܣ֪ˡĺûǿأҪ⣬
ˣЩεصããã㣡ֻҪһǧҾ͸һǧ飡
ҶæлֻȵǮҴŹʿϣǵ÷ҪҰ
˵绰Ҷпһǧ鶼ȡ˳ô˵Ҳиǧ˰ٿǮˣСһܿԼȥ͵һͣѶƤŵôġʮԪ
ҶϺٻĺǱһҩ꣬ٻƳ̵ҩһٶʮǮ
ȻҶڽйµĽ𲽵ҶüûдͷͻȻȻѾҪסԼ۾ˡȥͷɣԵҲһ㡣
Ҷ˸ȣ˽ȥ
ʦд
˧磬Ҫʲôķ͡ʦǸС˧磬һʱеϴһżӣһӣҶͷϱȻʵ
ɾˬһͺãҶصʵ̫ˣǼһƽͷȽ
ϣСӦһ˫ɣҶͷ϶ԱһѧͽСŮضҪĶˡ
ʦĶҶͷֻʣ˼סǰ˵ǰ
ۡʦɵþ̾һеĶҲ˧磬û뵽㻹һ˧簡ÿ֮ǰộֱַͣԼ
һԵѧͽСñŬŶһСĴӾ￴Ҷӣһ˲ôôƷȫˣԺֻʣҶӡ
ʦôһ˵ҶﲻЩǫЦЦ֮ǰҲûôõʦ
Ӵ죡ʦСָ˧磬Ժ㶼ͷҸۣۣܰͷƯƯģ
Ҷĵײһ񺮣æӦ
ͷڴϡҶͲ֪˶·˵ע⡣ҶԼ˧ǱȽܻӭġƽͷҪʮǮ͸˶ʮǮȳͻء
Լ̫ˣǰôûзأҶֵͷ˿Լϵ·һ򵥵Tһţп㡣µ˶Ьƺпѵĺۼˡ·ǲе̫ԼˣǺٻˣԼҲδ̫ˡ
ţȥһ·ˣ
ţҶƽһζ̳ĲĿķװ굽ĴŻϢҶҲЩֱһװꡣ
ſڵԱؽҶӭ˽ȥʼҶǿĽҶ￴˿ԱƼĿʽһװǧߣڴǷԱСõûʽģһҲ̫ϲ
ҸƼǽĵ¿˵ţԱСþҶ￴һ·ҶװƷͷһ£ţͦϲģǮ
Сۿ˿ţܱˣֻҪһǧ˰ٰʮԪ
ҶһŶϸͻȻֺҴŻǲѽ
ԱСüͷô᲻أҪԣ
Ҷ˰ֵԾûҪˣﻹûм۸һǧԪڵ·
ŶԱСûȻ򣬡ԭӹ˰Ҹңô˵СҶ￴һ·
ҶһȲֱۣʵǮ
СõҲͦ˵ģֻ֮Ҫ˰ٰʮԪôԲ
ðɣˣոС˵ΪӹˣҶеܴ죬һξҪһأ
ǮҶｫ·ϣо־һٱȻ˿װһǧһ׵·Ǳһٿĵ̯Ҫǿȥһ˫ЬӰɣ
Ҷţ߽һƤЬꡣϵǮʣһʮǮһξͲҪˡҶֱۻԱûһڵƤЬ
һڵƤЬȷƤЬһһƤ򲻵ۻԱС
Ҷ˱ûоûУô׸
뿪ǼƤЬ꣬Ҷȥ˫ЬӣͿͷиϴүһƤЬ˶ЬʽĶС
ҶаϲȻǻ첻ˡǴȥһ˫ȱֺÿƤЬһʮǮ
ЬӣڴϡҶֻԼȻһ£һȫµ̬ȥԺ֪᲻м־أҶ͵ֲѡ
ǣһڴʣµʮǮҶԴɵһۡ
ҿô¸أûٻأҶаԸ̾ѹǳ˵Ů˵ĹǿңԭֹŮˣһҲǿƲסİ


105 ʮǮ
ʮǮһĪչ֪ǺõҶ۽ǵͻȻɨ˽ϵһ̯
Ҷﲻɵ۾һǸ̯˹ȥ
һƷС̯˺ܶ๤ƷǶпָƷ׹һЩֹƷȵȣӻͦϲֻʾûôˡ
ҶһǸ̯ϸ˵裬Ǯ
迴һۣȳָ
ҶǮôˣ
ҡҡͷ飬ʮ
ʮ̫ˣܱܲ˵㣿Ҷüͷʵ
һڱصķԻصʮǮ㻹ҪҽۣС⣬׬˶ǮСӣ
Ҷ˵ͷ֪˵Ĵ裬Ůգ׼ҸյйϵǮˣµĹʻûֻʣʮǮˡʮǮв
Ҷ˵꣬̾˿ˣˣɣѵ˼
лл裡ҶｫʮǮݸ˴裬нӹ
̯Ĵ迴Ҷ･Զɵҡͷ̾ǸúӡﻹԸΪԼŮ˻еǮֻʮǮ

ҶŴ̯ص˺ٻı˸ͦĺӰװֻ캮ٻϣ͸ٻ
ҶһҩޣûԭʼĻ¯ȻҩҩϣæһĺٻصҶָٻʩһ롣
ںٻĺûȫ˻ûе·ʩĵز֪ôģٻһͬʱȴҲЩʧ䡣
漴Ҷ˳ҩ
ʲôںģٻһī֭Һ壬ɵüͷʵ
ҶЦŵҩΪ㰾ģôǲǺܸж
ٻüͷôţҲŲҪȣ
ҶٺЦҲУԺҪʲô𰡣ΣúѿɱҰ
ôأ㲻ŻҰɣٻüͷʵ
ҶҡҡͷŲ㣬һ˵
ðɣٻӦһȾͺȣһҩһҶܺȵ£
˵ŴҶнӹҩűһڹȥ
ôôࣿպ꣬ٻһʵ
ҩڲһǸǵġҶٺ١ЦŻش
ٻȡֽ˲ͣͻȻĬãŵллˣ
ҶЦǲǺܸжûһĳ嶯
Ҷﻰδ䣬ٻϵȥˣߣ˵˼䣬ֲˣ
ҶίصвɲҪԩˣֻǴĦһ˼ѡ
ٻüͷ˵ʲôȴҶϰ࣬ˡúϢ˯ɣ
ٻһҶ¥˷š

յ糿Ҷ˴ȵٻ¥ʱҶæӭȥϱףտ֣
ٻȵؿҶһʵô֪ҵգ
ҶٺЦȻ֡ءȤãʲôҲ֪ģһ˾ӦȫĵΪǣ롣ѵûиоҶİ⣿ǲǺܸж
ٻЦһˣЩƭЩСðɣ
Ҷίصϱ˵ɾ̫ҵˡҿĳףտֵİ
ٻĬƬ̣Ȼʵ˵ĳģѵ˵һտ֣Ҳûбʲôʾ𣿡
ҶЦȻбʾһΪ׼һո裡˵ţҶ㿪ʼףտ֣ףտ֡
ٻ˻ֵͣͣͣ˭Ҫ㳪ˣ
ҶٺЦŴӻͳǼӵ̯ݵ˺ٻǰϱףտ֣
ٻһѽҶеУ֪ôģ۽ǾȻЩʪ˭Щˣ̫ˣһҲÿ
㲻ϲҶͻȻæʵҪҰɣ´ٸһһģ
Уٻæ͸ҵĶôջȥأ
ҶԴŮ˵˼׽ҪǲҪ
ٻĵʵģ˶Ǯ
ҶٺЦڵ̯ģ󣡲ʮǮ
ٻһʮǮ۵Ķҵ𣿡
ҶæôǷأҿǻеǮҽϵ緹ûأ
ðɣҲƽЩˣٻ˻ֵȻ֪ҽգôһæô
ҶæΪǷ֮
ٻ˵ͷãȥѳ
ϣҶӦһӺٻнӹԿףٻıʱݴӳ⿪˳
ϳٻҶȥֶ곬Уȥ㶫
Ŷ䳬аҶһ䣬漴ţʻȥ
ֶ곬ſڣҶźٻ˳ƳڳҶﱾΪٻʲôǸԼõģ˭֪ǸѡĶһЩԵģˮţ̡ʳƷ֮Ķ
ҶﲻɵɻʵЩԵô𣿡
ٻҶһ۵Ҫܣ
ɢɢһѵĶٻҶæŸˣѶᵽ˳档ٻָҶڿȥоԺ
ŶȥԺҶȷƵһ䣬õٻĿ϶شԺҶŽоԺķʻȥͬʱҶҲа²⣬ЩǺٻ͸Щ¹ǵġ
ʱҶ￪źٻıʱݾ͵˾Ժſڡٻ˳ָҶǸſڵ壬һٻ˵ش˸кٻٻһʱû˰ɣ谡
ǰãǰӹ̫æˣôϥؽû˰ɣٻӦһһǰδеش
Ҷֱۣ⻹Ǹ˪ĺٻ
ЦŵëˣʱʱҪһ󰡣˵ţָҶѰۿŹôˣˡ
ٻߵص壬Ϲ˵ʲôأ
ЦţСӣȱæˣ㿴ôණҽǰЩͷ̫̫Ͳˣòô̫࣬˷ǮˣǮҲװ
ҶæˣˣĻõ鷳ǰ˵žͰѸʳˮ֮ᵽһ𣬸Ҷ߽˾Ժ
һΧǽΧĴԺӣŸֳԺᲱӴģһӴĸƵģдƹģȲģ鿴ġҪҪôջڣʮֺг
սţٻԺﺰ裬裬ٻٻ
ٻĺԺͷ̫̫ģƵģģĶһתͷ˺ٻ
һͷףߵͷֿЦ˵ӴǣٻѾͷأһæ躰˼Ů
ٻ˵æϹЦŴ˸к
ʱһе͵Ļͷ̫̫ԺӺ첽˳


106 ͽ
ٻ첽ȥæ̫̫裡һʲôֲߣ
̫̫ϻοЦⲻ㿴ô
ٻԹҲҪעһ尡һˤô죿ѪѹɲǿЦѽⲻǵ
̫̫ĺٻֵôˣʲôõĵġڰǵ㣬ôˣûҵѡ
ղ˵ϴү̫̫ôһ˵æЦǺǵزգô˵е㲻ʰ㿴һٻѾͷǻ˸Сӹô˵ŻָָٻŴСҶ
İæٻȥһҶصӴСӳòͦġôôණ죡죡£
˵űкҶｫ漴תͷʼٻ˵˲ҪôָôࣿʲôȱԵúã˯㣡ÿ컹ôϸ磬Ͻһ졣Ҿ
ٻЦŵ裬ⲻǸǮҲҪҪôǲⲻŸһԵĺȵ
˺ٻһۣЦһǮߣȥҷ˵
˵űźٻҶԺӺᣬصķ
䣬кҶ£Ÿ˱ˮҶæվлҶʵСӶˣ
Ҷʵʵػشʮˡ
ЦŵǼٻٻ꣬﹤
Ҷٻš
ٻæϵǹ˾ڣҲǿ˾ģĹ˾УСԣţ
ҶŤͷ˺ٻһۣаѾͷô֪ģѵԼıܹò
ٻô˵Цŵ˵ͷԼ˾ۣ㿴Ǽٻٻҹҹæϰ๤ϢӶûˣҪ˵Ǯˣ׬ô࣬ȥֺαأ
Ҷص˵ͷ˵
ʣŶˡʲô֣
Ҷ
΢΢ЦҶﰡǼٻٻôʶģ
ŶҶӦһҺٻٻڷɻʶģ֪ԭҺѵá
ޡǽжˣԵ
裡ЩʲôٻЩ˼ˣæֹһûأ˶ȥɣ
ãããӦһҳһȹϵ磬һˮȻҶԵסʲôãûгöϰˣһʱֻ˸ȹƽʱû¾Լ½ӣСӲɣ
˵ĶǣôأҶæ
ǾͺãЦŵ˵ͷϵΧȹһ壬ʼĩ棬˽ӡٻҲæܹȥһ֡
ԺķȻ󣬵ʱȴһܰҵζ
ʱӳΧڲԣ߳Խӣһʵٻٻհɣ
ٻһЦƵص㻹ǵð
Ц⺢ӣÿιնҪǸɶҲȥҪ̫ţһܲǵհ
ٻЦǣڹˣһҲֻôЩʱˣ
ҡҡͷ̾תۼ䣬㶼ôˡգ㶼Ҫʮˣ
ٻʮ껹ᰡҲᰡ
Цƨͻ˵ˣ׼ʲôʱ鰡ͻȻŤͷҶ
飿ҶﱾԵˣͻȻôһ⣬ɶĺͷԡ
ǲ׼鰡׼̸ˣå
ҶЦá׼شȴٻ裬˭˵ǲ׼鰡Ѿˣͽ飡
ϲЦտصǺãǽǾŶɣҲҶĸĸ
ʲôٻͬ޸ԼˣԼʮǮжˣ˵ҲȺԼкҶЩԺЩͷתġ
˽ӣҶͺٻһ죬ٻͻȻҶҽܵ裡Ҷ㿴壬ѧҽģҽõúأ
Ҷϵص˵ͷ
費õصʲôÿģˣ˻ˣ
ҶЦŵҲûʲôûǿȷţ
˼һڵ˵ͷðɣҶﰡҪô
ҶȸѰ˵һִֻϡҶĿ۵ʲôëеѪѹ˵ëˣԺעһ¾Ϳˣ
Ц˵û°ɣѾͷţҶô˵ܸ˰ɣ
ҶЦŵѪѹʲô֢ƽҲöעһˡٻٻ˵ҲûҪһһˤˣܻܿ쳵ëġ
˵ͷããáԺעעġ
ٻɵҪ裡ԺҲסҵķȥҾͿʱʱ̿չ
Ҳȥҡҡͷסͦ㰡ѣ뿪ˣǻҵģҲȥ
ðɣǲԸ⡣ٻεص˵ͷʲôʱıٺ˵
ΪԺ˻죬ٻ˱𣬴Ҷ뿪˾Ժ
ųҶںٻ£ŽԴƵʻȥ·ϣ˶û˵Ҷ￴óٻ鲻ǺܺãûЦ
áٻͻȻ̾ϢһҸõĹ۵衣߶¥ˣ֮һֱչ衣
ҶлȻԭˡ˵ЩʲôȴҶ
Ǹ׼ͥĺӣҵĹϵˡĲ֪ϲˣô㣬ŮϲǺġǣҲûбҪΪҶ¥ٻ˵ͻȻͣÿüͷ嵽һ飬һ㡣
Ҷﰲο޾Ϳްɣ
Ҷ˵꣬ٻءؿʼˮ˳Žëڰʶ¡Ҷ߱˵ĺһ㣬ͻȻʮֵۡ
ٻһ޻̸ĹۣҸе˼ܣҲܸңΨϲһ£ֻһ顭ôƣôĬǵնͬһ졪ҲΪʲôÿնȥԭ򡣡
ٻ˵Ź¡йⲻȥҸңȻ֪ܲǲҵҸǣȥˣĸŮ
Ҷ˵ͷ¡ԭеĹͬʱϲͬһк֪Ժ󣬱ѡȫٻٻйⲻȥ裬һֱĹչ衣
ô棬ȴǶôֿһθ顣Ҷȫû뵽ٻ˸Եһ档ƽʱװһģȴ룬ȴ˵Ļᡣ
ҶͻȻ뻳еĳ嶯Ůܵʵ̫࣬ѹҲʵ̫ЩԭӦܵĵļϣȴԹԵ
ƽʱΪάԼÿ춼һ˭֪ſƼǿ£ȴһġ


107 ֻǸ
źٻǹɴĵɢˣε¶ҶľһۡҸԾһգǱٻٻ֮ǰ˵ʲôţ˵ͽ԰ɣ
Ҷôһ˵ٻŴӱ˵лع˲۽ǵۣ㲻ҪˣǰҲֻӦһҸ裬ûб˼ֻϴҽ飬ҪҸҲΥԸѣ
Ҷװʧصô˵֮ǰ˵ĶǼٵİ
ԣٻ˵ͷô⡣
ҶҡͷԵ̾Ϣ겻飬ǿϧˣʲôʱ鰡
ٻһ˭Ҫˣ㲻Ҫˣ
ٻĻشҶǷˡ
ӿ˽ԴƵꡣͣ³ٻҶϻһɶԣҲѶμӣûԵİɣҪҪһȥ
ҶһԵģ˾æãһȥ
źٻ߽˽ԴƵꡣϣԴƵĶ㱻ٻΪ˾ɶԡΪɶԵˣٻ;Ƶ귽һȷϵĿԺ󣬱㿪ʼվڴӭ
ϣٻյ˻١ϵĺ飬кٻǰͬѧѵȵȡ
ҶںٻԣѡͬѧǺѡЩŮĻʱĿͶҶؿۡЩֱʺٻҶʲôˡٻÿֻЦűܶ
Ҷϸǽ̸иŮ˵˵Ҳ
ٻӵػͷҶһ۵͹Ҳû
ǸŮӿЦָҶλڣ᲻е㲻̫ʰ
ٻЦѾͷ˵ʲôأ
ֺһᣬûãֻǸŮͻȻָſڵķ㿴ˣ
Ҷ˳ǸŮָķȥֻſڣһߴ˧װĵʻ˽
ԶǸ˱һ˺ٻһõЦݡŮ̾ûˣǰ˧ˣ
ٻ˿˼ϵ˺ٻԣкٻٻþòףտ֣˵žͽʻ˹
ٻֿʼñһƬлӹʻתֱӽҶС
ſٻԵŮ꣬Ҳ˰
Цŵôˣֻ꺣Ȫѽ
꺣ȪЦûУĸҰ
Ц⻹࣡
꺣Ȫתͷźٻٻٻô겻㻹ðɣ
ٻɫ糣ص˼Һٻ
ŶԶԶԣ꺣ȪһԴǸص˼ϰˣһʱĲ
ٻЦһҿɲϰߣ
꺣Ȫɫһ䣬ҲԣǸҲôҰɣͬѧ˶
ٻʲô飿ҶѾˣ
Ŷǣ꺣ȪЦôĵӣᵱ飡˵ţ꺣Ȫӻͳһݵ˺ٻǰϲ𣿡
ٻɫƽش꺣ȪнУһһһӨԲ䣬ⱦԡ
յһԿһۣ̾һۣƯ
꺣Ȫصѡģֵ񣬿ɲ
ٻءŶһеݵҶУҲϲЩ͵ﻹˡ˵űתͷȥҶҶÿ𣿡
Ҷҡҡͷе
ٻüͷҲ͸ˣ
Ҷٴҡҡͷ͸ҸҪʲôãľûãһŮӴһ˴Ҳʵڶ
ٻǳ˵͸͸㣬¾ǣôϻ
Ҷί죬ðɣҾΪ㱣һ£
Ҷͺٻô˵ؽ̸ţȴһԵ껣һһ㶵ģеľʲôͷôõĲȻۣ˵Ϊѵ£ҪԸҰ
һԵ꺣ȪҧгݣһٶȻúһĲֵҲܲ꺣ȪЦһʺٻٻٻŶ˼ٻλʲô˰ôҽܽܣ
Ŷٻɫ糣ӦһѣûҪʶ
ʲôûҪʶ⻰ʲô˼˵ûʸ꺣ȪһҶֵôֵܣʶһ£ҽ꺣Ȫ֮ǰ˾عС⣡
ҶһסֵһᣬһᣡҽҶĿǰܿ
꺣ȪһβĿ⣬ԭǸ˾ֲһ㲻ϡ͸ٻԭǲʶ꺣ȪĵЦſҶ֣źٻٻͲ˼ˡμӸɶԻűڣôЩͬѧʲô𣿡
ٻû˵ҶͲ˵һˣЩ˱濴¹ڳʵһӻˮ
꺣ȪĻҶϣʱŭȵʲô˼ָɣ㶮ʲôϣһ˾ĵط𣿡
꺣Ȫδ䣬ٻȵ꺣Ȫʲô˼Ȼҵ˾μҵɶҲģʲôȨָֻţ
꺣ȪһƽһãããҲԣҲó嶯ֻٻٻ㲻ǿС˰ɣһ˾ѣҪǮûǮҪûѵѡһС
ٻŭȵ꺣ȪעĴǣѡ˭ûйϵҵɶԣ̨硣Ҫȡ֣Ҿֻȥˣ
꺣ȪŭһУ㻤һһѡжô޴˵ţ꺣Ȫתȥ뿪ɶԵֳ
һСȰٻٻ治ӦΪ˾꺣ȪǴչģҪڽнֹ˾˵ͽ˵ĴϵʱٻűضҲкĵطΪַǲеֵ̫ˣ
ٻ΢΢ЦûϵңҲûҪ
ҡҡͷˣһǲǵĶԹԹˡȥһģ˵뿪˺ٻȥˡ
һοڽԺ󣬽ɶһֱƽ˾ؽšһһԼȻЩڹ˺ٻ֮󣬱㽻ҶС
ҶףԭԼμʲôɶԵģǹġ
װһҶԵ㶫ƵṩľˮϺͳʳǷǳḻģиɫĸԼɽɹʵȵȡҶһϻûʳźٻں죬æ˸䣬̻
ûԱͼһԼҶ̧ͷһǸոպͺٻꡣ
Ҷ￴ЦŵԱ𣿡
Ҷѿʳ£δưưͣûУʲô𣿡
𣿡
Ҷ˵ͷʵԣʲô
ʵӽٻΪʲôǮˣ
Ҷɻؿһ۵Ϊʲôô˵ֻһ˾ѡ
ͬŮˣһ𣿡ζһٻٻ񶼲һǶ㶯˸飡
ǻҪлңҶӣȴ룬ٻԼ飿ʲô飿ԼֻԼʲôأ
ЦЦŵģҶûж⡣ֻ㣬Щ黹ǽ̤ʵصĺãҪøԶҲһݵλһôҸأ˵԰ɣ
Ҷ˼Ƭ̣ʵ˼˵㿴ˣҪҽ𣿡
Ƭ̣Ҷһ۵װɵɵҲãϣסҵĻЩﲻġʶʱΪܣкôģ
Ҷ˵ͷרĶԸƵʳһصõģллˣһסģҲῴġ
ЦõҡҡͷҲҶվŸ߸ЬŤ֫˴еȺ


108 ˭ٵ
ҶڽԴƵЩ㡢Сԣ˶ӡһͽе˴ԸԵĻڡ
Ҷûȥ֣ҲЩϰߡҶվȺԶԶűһȺνҵӢʿΧŵĺٻһƬףһڴϨ
е⣡е⣡
˵ĺٻеĿѰʲôˡϧܵǽھ𵰸еֿ
˵ףУĻһЩμӻ룬ٻҶ뿪˾Ƶꡣ
˵˾Ƶ공⣬ҶԿҪȥѺٻıʱݿͻȻҶֻһ䣻ֻԱߵһ߰˸Ÿֹܡӡ
ΪһͲ󣬴ŶʮꣻŰñŶбԴʮգһı飬ĵľͺ޲дšå֣±˲֪Ƶġ
һ³˾ҶͺٻΧ⼸ˣҶﷴЦˣҲæȥ˫ֱأµؿǡ
Ϊ׵İñӡޡһеĶ˳װһģݺݵصǵģ
Ҷûشǣٻ˵ͷʵǵģкָ̣
ñӿŷɹˣվ˵ƶ糺ĺٻͻȻųһ⣬漴ٺЦָ̣Ҫϴָ𣿺ٺٺٺ١
ñԴаʻһȺšٺ١ЦٻһصͷŸɾ㣡
ñӣһģһźٻ˼ϷӴû뵽Ƣͦİǲ֪ڴϵıΣǲҲôͦ
ŭӿͷٻһָŰñӣţһʱ˵һͻȻʲôͻȻյ˰ñӵԣ˼䡣
ñһһʵɣ漴ԺٻҶˣүҽҲͲ׷ڿͷռұˣ˵ɣǰѳͣҳǰ棬ӵߣ鲻ãôⷨɣ
ҶﲻɵáꡱһЦܲרҵһ㣿ʲôаѳͣǰ棿ǳ⣡ͣѵͣǼȥ
ñӡٺ١ЦСӣ֪ðɣҾʹ󷽵ϣǾôˣ
ٻһǣÿ˵žҪӼ˰Χоֱͻͻ߳ȥ
˺ٺЦŶ˹סٻӴŮͶͱǲҪˣѵŶ
ٻȵٲÿҾͱˣ
ЦЦһ㣬ЦñҲǡٺ١Цŵȥ
˵Ŷһ£ñǿ׶ҶͺٻҲ⽭ҷɸǸģ
ҶﲻˣЦʵŶɸãŵ𣿡
ɸһ㶣ʵʲô˼ʲôţ
ԱߵһӴյɸԣһ䣬ɸʱŭѾ֪ȻҿЦ
һնʮͷȾһͷɫͷݸ߸Цɸ綼֪治֪ڽôģڣ磬ᶮ
ҶЦһڣ磬᣿еĺڣ磬ᣬֻ˵ãʲôɸ硯ҿû
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ʮֵܻ᣿Ҷ˼һ˵ĵ
ԴϴϾӽԼõȺһɨ⣬ϴԺ󣬽ѵýһ徻ֵʱڡܿ죬ñǣΪҲãӷѿҲգڵĽеӿֳһɫνʮֵܻضеٮٮߡ
ëӵĽͣɸ粻ͷػ˻ֵʲô˵תͷҶι˵СӣʶģϽֵǮĶҽȻԹǴһ٣ȻǼ̫
Ҷװŵصôأɱ˿Ƿģ
ɸЦʲôӿˣűһƬССɳʣĸʶҷɸģ
ٻĬһҶ˶࣬ҪȰǮǣ
ҶٺһЦŤŤӵˣҲ˽ĲˣҪǮԼð˵ŴӿڴͳһһԪңڷɸǰ˻Σ
Сӣˣңɸ粪ȻŭһֵҰѾķˣ
˵žͷһҶ˹ͬһɸ綯֣ߺųҶҲţ״һ㣬һץס˷ɸһһͣɸųȥ
Ҷ˫һֻһͷХأһԼˡֻӴþȫһ˱˴ϣһʱ䶼ʹѡ
ҶһЦһ̧ȣ׼ɸĶȥֻһڵһ״žһײ˳ϣͷðǣۡһθһء
ʣµļ໥һۣվһ飬ǸֹܣСضҶǰ
Ҷ˲ӵˮƽҲѧ᣿ȰǻȻѧУٶ飬۸۸Сѧɣ˵תοٻϱⳡǲ̫̫ҪϳȵңϾͺã
ٻҧҧ֪Ҷ֣ԼҲﲻʲôæлЩģһֻһôˣСĿĿô죿ٻҪҶСһ㣬־öֹֻ࣬ǶҶһۣŲ˳С
ˣǿˣźٻ˳Ҷתضʣµļ˵ʱ򣬷ɸҲӾʹлعָҶֵϣϣϣҰȴˣȻӣ
ҶﲻмһЦż˹˹ָ
ʣ¼˶һۣеĹţҶкԸЩëͷСҶ˵ֱ練ơƬ̣ͨͨءŶӷʹֹ
ҶаЦŵ˷ɸߣİĴЦո˭˵ҪҵţҸʲôʲôԹ
ɸһƨڵأΡΡŵغ˼ңң˵ˣ
ҶٺЦţһŲȵ˷ɸϣҵҪ𣿡
ɸһǻص磬Ҵ˴硣ҰɣͰҵƨ˰ɣ
ҶӵҲǲԣղ˵ʲôţҪҵǮֻʣһǮˣҪ𣿡
ɸͻȻˣȻصŶŶŶ磬ǮҸ㣡˵ڵϣҪڴǮ
ҶٺһЦû뵽СӻͦϵǱѽŲ˿
ɸæǮеֽ˳еǧѿǮصݸҶҶһѽ˹üͷû˵
ɸʲôƵģϽڵϻһ˵Ͻ
ȺɸԸŶɸѵǮˣֵǮĶóТ磡
һȺOO@@طڴǮɸǵֽУŻعͷǮݸҶһЦ磬㿴𣿡
ŶҶﻹüͷ۾˿ɸ粱ϵָϸĽû˵
ɸʲôƵһѽӼְп಻ȡֱŮ͸ģǮص㣬ؼǷ÷ɸһֱ񡣽ЩͨͨݸҶɸίʵ磬ڿ𣿡
Ҷﻹû˵üͷɨΧһۡҶ񣬷ɸ˵ֱֵǮƷͨͨ˹һݸҶʵ磬Щ˰ɣ
Ҷ˵ͷǿǿ˰ɣҪǰ˸ҪҵȣҷǵҪ֫ɣҶ֣ͺǵϵĻҳһתźٻıʱȥ
ɸҶԶȥӰؿڣһ⵽˭ٵģһҪȥǿˣ


109 ҶӶ
Ҷڼʻϣ򿪳һ֪ķ΢΢һЦ漴ţ֮һ˳⣬ȥ
ɸվԭأ˴ζӣίûڣηۡڣԼ˿ֻŵĶħ뿪ˣɸż䵱˾ĻëСֲΡΡذỵ̂˼ðΣŲţʻ˳ȥ
ھƵ공һλϣͣһӳĺֿϣɸĳ뿪ֿϵĳͻȻҡһ˵¶˳꺣Ȫɡ
ȼһ̣üͷ˼ڣ̵ְӵ˹šֹ̡رԡҡ𳵴ֿϣҶͷɸĳ뿪·˳⡣
꺣Ȫϵ֣ĸƮʱдʵĳ꺣ȪͻȻһҶ뿪ʱǸЦЦı飬֪ԼģѵԼĪ֪һжԼİţ
꺣Ȫ룬漴ҶһСС˾ѣԼеǻᣬξˣ
ųٻͻرѾҹˡٻŹǷҪ¥˯Ҷ״æһס£ϱ컹ûҩأ
ٻƫͷüͷʵ컹Ҫȣ
ҶˣصôΪǾܲҩˣҶһ˫۾źٻȥ漴ҡҡͷҿģѵúÿ
ٻҧ촽ãҺȣ
ҶٺЦţӳ˳һںҩݵ˺ٻǰٻȵĴдһֱӵĵףĲɵһ漴ʵʲôʱҩһֱһİ
Ҷ΢΢һЦ磬ûʲô¾͡ٺ٣ҾͲ½գҲûʲôʱ䣡Ȼôǲˣ
ٻû˵һ˫ˮͫӯӯ⡣ҶüͷӦð⿪Сһֱŵأ
ٻҡҡͷҪ˵ˣ˵Ŷ룬һڽҩһĿɬȴ޷ڸĵ׵ۡ
ٻͻȻһ͵˵ҶĻСһѪȾ촽΢΢סҶ촽ཻûӦҶ˲еˣѾͷǲ̫ˣѵһ꣬ԸҲô˵Ůʮ˱䣬ϲҰ
Ҷﻹ˼źٻ˼Ϊʱ򣬺ٻһѽҶ˿糺͸˵ƻɷ
Ҷǣ˺촽Ȼ뿪һŨķȻĿСҶݺݵ˿޲ܽеǿףһ˿ɢӷ
ҶĶٻҲǺߵصͷ㣬ˡֻΪҿıѣ
֪֪Ҷ͵ص˵ͷʾ˽⣬漴ҡͷ̾ϢϱԺ㻹ҪҲܡ
Ҷﻰû˵꣬ٻȥһšҶĸ첲ϡ
ӴҶغţȴٻŭصϹ룡
ҶίˣæûϹңеʱСϣͲô󲡡Ľ룡
㡪˭˵ôôٻߺһۣת¥˷š
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һҶ￪ųźٻ˾˳ҶͿһվٻŵĴԡٻ߽΢ЦŰӭȥʻݵ˺ٻС
ãʻˣԸ񻨶һ޲ãţ΢΢һЦ
ٻֽӹʻЦ˵ͷлл
ЦŵܣǴӽ쿪ʼʽϰ࣬ԺʲôĵطҪ̣
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æЦԺͶ߶ˣܿҪ°
ܿˣٻҲ΢ЦŻص
ȵĺѣҶǳһֻӬһʮֵᡣչȥܣӴ촩ģģʼƨˣ
ҶĳЦԵɫһ˲תЦǺǵصλǣⲻ˾ͬ־ҶСҶ԰ɣСҶְλҪԺ˾ĳоȫԲ޸пصǷڹŴɲ൱ڻʵߵġǺǣԺҪСҶհ
仰νݶҶݣֻһ˾ѣʲôʸ˵󻰣ְҶŴʵԵģⲻָ̫ôһһֱӽҶĻ˳
ҶҲǺٺЦӴ˵ﻰô̫˰ɣ˵ǻʵۣܾЩ˵Ĵ簡Ҫ쵼쵼ܣ
Ҷ仰ǺãȻ˵̫࣬ôҾ˵̫࣡
ԺǺһЦشǱߺٻȴȥˡһԣٻŹ˾õĴУʵ̫Ӱ칫˾ĺгˡüˣ˵ˡȥɣԣȥҳȣѹһ¡
˵űٲˣŻ˵ݣԼİ칫ҡҲҶЦЦҡͷȵİ칫ȥ
ûЩ۲ŵҪɳȸġԵļ룬ܹһЩˡ
ƸԱԱְѵͣ˺ЩӵٻֿʼһʱڵæµۿϾܹˡ
ҶĹʮɣܶಿŶǲſʼ¹ҵ񶼻ûȫչϢϷһֱԷûʲô
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ֻٻڰ칫棬һļϸĶ棬΢Цضźٻһ˲˲Ҷ⡰ԡһ죬ŰĿͶҶϡ
ٻüͷʵôˣʲô𣿡
ҶٺЦܣ°ʱˡʣǲǸûؼˣ
ٻüͷ΢ȵȣһкܶûæأܣ㿴ƻǲе̫ˣȥһҲûôײƷ˵һȡܶǹǲ˽⡣
ԲͷȥźٻӿԼдļȻ˵ͷԲ𣬺ܣЩ̫ںøԶˣⶼȱٵ飬Թ˾˽ⲻţһӦûģ
ԵͻȻųŵĹâضźٻӵٻ㶣ʶؽŲŲȻãȻģǾŬɣҲӲָ꣡
лܣ壬ϰ¹졣ϰĿģְϰ壡ѡٻſⱲȷľĵЦĺٻƨ
Ҷ￴̸ܵŹϵ飬ĪЩķңɵܣҶӶˣ¡Ͷ涨İСʱƣٲ°࣬ҪӰˣɲŰԱ
üͷתҶСҶӶ˿°ࡣûµģҿͺܻȥ
ҶϹٻҲЩŭ֣ҪȥȻȥˡҵԼԻ
ٻôһ˵Ҷﷴǲ°ˡмӰ๤ʣҲǵһСʱôһҲûϵ


110 ֻܿ
Ҷ԰һӣںٻİ칫ٻʵ㲻Ҫȥô
ҶһصܣҵְΪ㿪ͻİȫҵĹǶʮСʱƵģ˯ˣҲ˯ԱߣŶվػİȫûп֮ǰôְأղֻҪЦѣ
ٻ޿κεҡҡͷȴЦһȴٲҶٻ̸ĹƻʱЦʱüĵòֺҶȴʼյ۾һգգضԡ
ʱ̧ͷһҶĴ飬Ӧ̲סüͷʵôҸʲô
Ҷһص
ŭص㹤͹ˣ㶢ҿҲй𣿡
ǵȻҶȻصҵĹǱܵİȫһвȫضɱҡ
ŭ˵ǲؿһԺܲ
Ҷ˵ͷܣ
һӣȻŭָҶݺʹһ٣ȴٻ΢΢üͷ漴һڣԲ𣬺ܣҸղʧ̬ˡǽ˵
ٻЩΣķһ˽ˣɣʲôѾᣬǸܽҲã˵ҲãҪڿڡ
Ե˵ͷȴҶٺ١ЦˡüʵЦʲô
ҶҲ֪ߣҶûҪ˻ʲôߣ
ԵҪǰҶﶷҲãзҲãʮעԼ󣬲ںٻǰӰںٻĿеӡǱһͻһЩо˳ܵٵ˵ôʵ£
˵ҲҶٻ뿪˺ٻİ칫ҡ
ԵӰʧſڣٻתҶҶ˾ʲôطܲܲҪֵط֣
ҶٺЦŵϱ˼ǲ˵ֻҪڹ˾ͿԺְ
㣡ٻҶһۣ޿κεص߰ɣ㲻ǵȲҪ°ࣿڲԸˣ
Ҷæߣô᲻ԸأҶȲˡ˵æ¥溮ٻѳ˴õſڡ
ٻͻر˳ԹҶִӳ˳һҩһ룬һҩֻҪƳ̵Ϳˣ
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Ҷεصãããȱ𶯣һγأ˵Ҷ̧˫֣˳ǿϧˣôõƤȻûţҶв޸пص
溮ٻʩ룬Ѿǽӽʮˡٻ·Ҷһۣ˷ϢĻҶҲֻεػ˷䡣


111 ҪԵ
ڶ죬Ҷ￪ųźٻ˾ûţֿһõ塣ֻβԣ꺣Ȫ
꺣Ȫոµװͷ͹溬΢Цһӳֿϵĳϡһ˺ٻ꺣ȪЦӭǫǫصٻٻϴգᡣǸҸᣬڸƵ꣬ҡ
ٻ˻ִ꺣ȪͷҲصر߱ߵԲҽ칤æûʱ䣡
꺣Ȫһ㶣ת΢ЦŵûϵҿԵ㣬Ҫ°࣬ҹ㣿
ٻ꺣Ȫôôվתعͷ꺣Ȫ鷳ˡûʲôᣬɣ˵žͳŹ˾ȥ
꺣Ȫ״æϣûյĻҲ԰
ٻǲش𣬸ںٻҶﵹЦܣ⻨ҿͲȥˣҪңûؼҲڻƿţ
꺣ȪһҸոջŸٻǩһʵţⵥ⻹Ҫұˣ
ٻȻס˼ڻعͷƵǰɣʲôʱ򣿡
꺣ȪһٻͷЦӭȥٻٻҾֻ֪ҪҼֲиһᱻҵĳ򶯵ġ
ٻüͷ˵ص㣡ʲôʱ򣿡
꺣Ȫ˵㣬˵Ӧæ˰ɣ
ٻ˵ͷãһġ
꺣Ȫʵ⻨°ɣѡġ
ٻҡҡͷҲϲõ壬͸Ҷɣ˵ת˹˾Ҷں濴꺣Ȫһ۵ҲˣʵҲϲõ塣ԼͰɣ
һǰһ߽ٻţ꺣Ȫһ˵ϣˣҾͲβ㣡
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뵽еʻһڡȻƵŻźܵİ칫ȥ
ˣˣˣ˺ٻİ칫šźٻƿ˺ٻİ칫ţ˽ȥȻȻز˰칫Ҵ̨ڵĻƿ档
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ٻǰӦ꺣ȪԼƵ飬üͷϿûʱ䡣ʵ㲻ôô˲ţӦҸлԸ⵽ҵĹ˾ңٻŹˡ
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ȵİ칫ǿŵģڰ칫ļҶţ̧ͷһҶЦʵҶôǰỹ԰ɣ˺ʲôﰡ
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ҶЦŵ˼ҲǺܵ˾һڣܵİȫҵְҲúܵȥ˭֪ˣʲôУ
꺣ȪŭһˣʲôУ⣬ʲô麰һͿˣ
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Ҷüͷʲô˼Էλö׼һ̫û˳˰ɣܡ˵ҶźٻҿǻǳȥɣԼҸطԵȵˡ
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ٻˣˡȻһˣͶలһӲ̸ģ㳳ܵģ
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꺣ȪڲϣôԼһСϵĺҡҷţǶĳЦ꺣Ȫ˶Ұοûϵٽÿ
ҶĵҲ͵Цѣϼһ˷׽һᣬޡһ˳漴Ĵʵⶼǹ˵Ĳ˰ɣⷹʲôʱҶˣ
꺣ȪһҶתͷźٻЦٻٻʲôǲ˵㿴˵ϵĲ˵ݸ˺ٻ
һԵķԱŵźٻ׼ȴˡٻַ˷ûڣҶһѽ˵˹ȥҿҿһûôľƵԷءܣҪлᰡô
㣡꺣ȪŭһͻȻһǿŭһ˾ܿö𣿡
Ҷҡҡͷָ涼ӢĵĲ˵ҿ治ͼƬҿòÿˣ
꺣Ȫ˵ʲôٻüͷԸѣûôིɣ꺣Ȫֻõ˵ͷ
ҶŲ˵ַüͷȻмʶҿȷʵûʲôóԵġŮ˵ҶһԵķԱСе̫߼ľƵһǳԲϰߣһ̵ɣҪԵ


112 ˲˵
һԵķԱС֣ɷ˷ۣһεصԲûе
ҶüͷʲôƨƵ갡ûУǾҽй
꺣ȪЦŵӾӣƵǼƵ꣬ҪԵȥ·ߵտ̯ȥԣֵͼĶôУ
ҶһŵصҶ٣ǲҪƭң㶼˵˵ǵͼĶֵͼĶ˵ʲôǼƵꣿòǴİɣ˵Ҷֶ꺣Ȫι˵ܣôһϰ壬òǵֵͼľƵһٰɣûУҲ̫ˣ
ҶƴڻٻɵáꡱһЦˣѩڣ︴գ꺣Ȫһʱ䲻ɵôˡ漴ֻعЦǶԼĳЦ꺣Ȫ߳ŭضһԵķԱȥǳרһ̵
ȵȣҶסǸԱһ̡̣ܣҪҪҲһ̣
꺣ȪصҲԣЦֱֶǶҵ꺣Ȫ
ŶʰҶȻصǺðɣŮ̵ˣĶҪˣܼʣԶ
˭˵ҲԶ㡪꺣ȪվָҶ˵ֱҶϵǣ˵ġһôµİɣٺ٣ҿξܲµóһǸʰߡ
꺣Ȫͺ޴ʹһҪȴֱҶһ档ӻûӦҶܣûϰԵҪȵˮȻ׿ڿʵģ
꺣ȪһתʵҪҪȵƣ
Ҷͷҡ˹һȾƣ˰ɣҵҪҲʤ
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ԱСãҪȰ׵أҪȺģ
꺣Ȫ룬ٻأǺȺƺõ㣬Ǳİɣ
ԱСæвׯ԰ݵĺƣдķׯƣ֪Ҫ֣
꺣Ȫ˼ص˶𣿡
ԱС˵ͷеģ˵תҪȥþơҶæסһ£ǸʲôѽɰʲôúȵģȥǴƷǺȰ׾ƺãę́Һ˵ưͺǸɣ˵Ż꺣Ȫ˵Ⱥƺ󾢴ę́ͷͺę́ҾСҪൣŵ㡣
꺣Ȫˣĵ͵Цѡҵģô㡣˵űԸԱȥƿę́
һҲˡɫĵ˿űԲİ׷͹ⷢرʳҶͺٻһ̣ӣڵسһԵ꺣Ȫӵؿһ̻ŵҶ֪ôĶȴؽлɰһڿˮ
ΪԼΣ꺣ȪЦŽę́ƴ򿪣˸һӵΪǵĺһ
ٻűӾҪ꺣ȪҶȴܣʲôûأҪǺȾưǲеԲ˳أ
꺣Ȫ̧˰УɫһְѱӷһΣϼ׼Ͷڣһ¿ֻֻһ飬һǧĴӣǴ㽻ٻٻǹ˾ֻڣҿǺҲû˼
ǧ򣿺ٻɵһʵӣ֮ǰĿܲһˡܽʵӸȷˣȲԼ̫ΪѣҲ꺣Ȫ߳ŭ߶ҵɸҵٻ˼λش𣬾ҶЦ
ôû˼أܣٻ̫˼ˣҺһ˵žӾͺ꺣Ȫһ
˽еľһ꺣Ȫ±ӣסƾθķ͵Ҷһֻۣɫ죬Щ룬е⼫ˡ
Ҷִڵذ𵰳߳Ի޵⵰Ǻóԣζ
ӣһĨЦ꺣ȪһšƿϣƱҲ˵ٻٻĹ˾ãֻʢǹ˾ĲдƷ̫࡭һعĵһҲκεʧԡ
ٻĬΣģϰҵ񽻸ңһҵãԲٳֲдƷ״
꺣ȪЦǵÿĳˡ˵־ӣʾ⺮ٻҶ״æѿķһȥܣһŵĳ˰ɣ
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꺣Ȫĵ͵ЦѣȴһпصٻٻٻŹȻǺԱôҳԱҲòһ˵־ӺҶһ
ҶҡҡͷܣҲٺˣͷˣͺһ˵Žеľһ
꺣Ȫæôأ˲˵У꺣Ȫһ¶ǣͷҲκؿʼתˣҶģʱ£ӲҶֺһ
յģɺôƣ꺣ȪһʱҲеܲˡľСҲܺȼơƱСһȥҲаṦҶ屭һʱ䣬Ҳʼθ
꺣Ȫæ˵ˣѹѹ⡣ȴҶ˫ָۣ˵һƵǾƷ֪ǧٰܣǰһûû뵽㻹Ǹˬʵĺӣٸһ
꺣ȪΣƵ˲ǣҶӣ˵һزˡ꺣Ȫֻٺһ
˭֪ŸպһҶֽ˵ıϣܣٸһΪٻźϼŵĺɱ
꺣ȪֺֻһҶһε˾ƣٺһǲ飡꺣ȪΣһ
һղŲ˵ֻһôһһ꺣Ȫи̣ҶѾſϣйһЩ
ʱҶʵܣǺͬʲôʱǩ
꺣ȪȻͷѾˣûкЦŵǾ͵ÿٻŵĳˣ
Ҷ͵ֱɴ۾ܣ˵ǳ⻹һ
˵־Ӻ꺣Ȫһ
ܣҶһθϣѬѬؾűӵû˵꣬꺣ȪѾЩܲˡǿθ﷭ܣ꺣ȪεصѾˣоͱˣ
Ҷ͵һ۵ˣ˵У仰һһ٣̧ϸߣ˵žűӾ꺣Ȫǰ˹
꺣Ȫæһһ¶ǣ꺣ȪɸŻһ˿ʮ¶ǣûκζҲܲˡæվˣˣȻһ


113 ͬǳ
ҶﵹϣѬѬʵܣ㿴ٻŵĳ⹻˲
꺣Ȫžãе㺦Ҷæˣˣ
Ҷ۽ǲ¶һ˿Ц⣬ʵʲôʱǩԼ
ǩǩ꺣ȪæӦе
Ҷ΢΢ЦŴ̫ˣ˵ָ˵һƣһǸлܶٻŵչˣ˵ű㽫ľһ漴վҡҡλεؿ꺣ȪܣɲܲŶˣ˵УôһܣòôһСС˾Ҳɣ
꺣Ȫн㲻˵У̣ôҲֻεؽеľһ
Ҷ˸ĴָܹȻ˵ָϣҾвŶպȨƷǷˣٺһ
һҶﻹҡͷԵٴϡ
ܣлԸСһᣬܹſһȾƣҵңҶ˵־Ʊ꺣Ȫһ
ܣҶﻹ˵꺣ȪѾЩǻˣԺվ˰ֵٺˣٺҪˣ
ҶٺЦô᣿ܲǧǺãٺһԤףٻź͹˾죡һ˳һɲܲȰ
꺣ȪһáݲǾٺһ˵ŶƱһ
ҶվһԹЦܹȻþٺһ˵ָϡ
꺣Ȫüͷͷʵôһողһ𣿡
ҶƵصܣⱭúȣһҾ͸ˣ㲻뿴ҺƵ𣿡
꺣ȪĵЦЦоͷѾľ۲ֱˣλƵص룬룡Ҿ뿴Ǹˣ˵ӺҶ
һ¶ǣ꺣ȪֻöһڡŻһ˵ϣϡﻩؿʼҶ״æٻվһЦӯӯؿš
ٻüͷҶôô
ҶٺЦʵôˣ
ٻһۣҡҡͷǧĴô죿
ҶЦŵΪǩôһʵӣͷ֧Ʊ˭ῪҿǱдɣ
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ҶͻȻжصôˣϱǵԼ̫ܻǵԺᱨң
ٻƵصŲأǾһ̫ˣ
ҶЦ۸Ͻ߰ɣ»ȥҪأɲ̫ܵʱˣһ뵽Ҷﲻɵڴ˴֣źٻ뿪˸Ƶꡣ
صУҶһ溮ٻģԲض˵ʵ⼸ƺģٻڵĺѱҶߣҶﱾŸʹη񣬻Ǿٻһʱ䡣һΪ˳ΪһϵСëȻΪˡȿȣȻΪܹԤһЩҪСë
һӡٻŵĹ棬ٻĹҲʼԵĹǴģ˺üҵ񣬹Ҳʼʽת
꺣ȪһǧĴջû䵽ٻŵͷϡȻٻĵҲûзԴԺ󣬽üڣ꺣Ȫûг֡
ԣÿһʻȻٻҲȰҪ˷ǮûдӦȻأţһ죬ٻᱻԼļֺͳ򶯡ֻǻһԸѡ
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Եһ˿ֻĹâҪûô죿Ұôһҵø㣬ˣ˭
ҶüͷԼоԵĲ⣬ΣˮڣͷȻֱʲôµġӦе
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㣡ԲȻŭһ룬Լôܻأ漴Ӧ


114 Ϊϲ㰡
ҶﵽԵİ칫ҽ輯ŵϣʲôͳͳ˹Ϣϸϸؿ
輯һҴ͵ջƷ۹˾ӪƷϴˮԡ¶ϴྫˢջƷһ輯ŵвƷһװơƷƷȵȣ輯Ŷ׼һҺ̡
ٻ׼ҪЩƷƵİװƺһʴҵ񣬶Ҳǧһ輯ŵսԺ輯ŵĲƷԽãٻŵİװȻҲԽԽࡣ
Ե۲빫˾Ʋ˺ü󻮷Ͷ輯ţȴһ˻ԣ˺üˣҲǺ޽չ
Ҷ˽⵽óķϸһݲӡļ֮аƵƷưװװٻŵĹ˾ܣļӹƵȵȡ
Ҷϸϸ꣬ЩΪʲôԷûѡٻšԹˣֻ˵ݷ̫ʧˡ˵ԵƵûչȫǰװ輯ŵһƷЩ磬ŨױĨһָӵĹ۸Уټϴһ㳭ϮζҲѹ輯ŵ˲ϲ
Ҷ뵽вɵ̾˿ԼԳһƷİװҶ˵ѶȲ󣬵Ҫӣǧͳͳ£Ͱ輯ŰһƷƲƷ⻹ųЩͬ಻ͬЧĲƷҲ˵ҪưֲƷ°װ
Ҷ˵Ѳѵ⣬ʱ⡣輯ŸĽֹʮҲ˵ʮڣ֮ǰУ輯Żǹ˾ṩҵѡһҵǩԼǧĵӿֳܻɺܶݣҲܻƺֳַֿǩԼ
ڰҶǰѡ񡣵һ輯²Ʒİװҵ˵Щѡ輯ôһҵôҪѡ˾ôҲ䵽ٻŵͷ
ڶ輯²Ʒеļ²Ʒװƣҳеװҵ˵ôһЩϾƷٻ˵ܸϡԼƵİװƷõϿɣ״ٳɺߵǩԼ
Ҷ˼䣬ȴһŲһƿҶϢҵţ˽
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˰װƣʣ˵ܣװƵ˵ȵȺܶණҪ޸ģҶֿʼæ
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115 Ǻơ
еĶҶ˺ü飬ȷѾûκ覴Ժ˸վ
һʱѾˣӣҶŷԼѾǼꤡ
ٻûлѾͷǸҶҪȵ°ԼԣǻɡֱܻӳԼˮ͡
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ҹ̯ʼæһصСζŽߵɢ˳·˵ıǼꡣҶﾭܲסʳջŹӴڵһտ̯ԣָſÿʮ
գϰǸŴӵˣ΢ЦŵãҶĿһֳʮŵ¯￾
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С̯ԱߵϾƮһ֡Ҷһλ£һϰӣҶĿ͵ϡ
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Ҷƿơưȣ
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ҶЦʵˣô죿
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ҶЦŰοûҪôۣϰ壬˵ǸϹǸҲһ
ϰЦһֵܣʱˣ㻹˼ЦϽ԰ɣϿߣ
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˵ŽʣĿԱߡ
һͷȥȹ󣬳Ÿļ⣬һ
ҶƵسŶϰǽһԵȴţϰһҲڲͣԶڴֵϹ
ʮʮˣ㲻ܴ𣿺ãҾͺʮʮˣ򲻴öǽһֽŶˣ°뱲аţһԶ


116 һֶƷ
һȻڻƵ·ƾͷĦгܿ˹¡¡ķ쳹ֵĦгͣտ̯Աߣӳʮ꣬һĦгĺͳذףǹ֮Ķ
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ϰĿɿڴؿһУԲšɸң͵͵ȣ׳ŵӰǮ˹
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ٻٿȻһ͵ػͷһӰܵһˣڶһҶؿڵˣûģҪҰ
Ҷٺ١Ц㿴רע㣡
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ҶɵصǰɣҿղڸҸķ֪ˣһҲϣǸԡԲԣ
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120 ҵĵ
λģҶȻῼǡ˰꺮ٻؼԺҶ鷿ʼд˾ķ
˺ٻָʾ귽д˵һ滹ͦս˵ġд˺üСʱҶǰѷдáϸһ飬ûзʲô⣬Ŵӡ˳
ڶ죬Ҷдõľ귽ƿ˺ٻİ칫šҿһֻۣٻһڰ칫æµţҶϽǰЦŵϱҰ⾺귽дˡΪ쵼ˣ
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㣡ԲȻŭɴ۾ȴҶɵشյǰôң
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ЦĪ㵽ܰ칫ܵĹô
ͲǹˣҶϵص֪ĸԼûȴҪҫԼɲ˵Ĺңƨɣƨɿడ
˵úЦ㲻ڶ輯ŵô˼죬輯Ÿ˵涼ûмɣԲѵ˵Ҳƨɣ𣿡
ҶЦܣ˵ǹɲ㰡ɲҪôĺѺ𣿡
ԻðɣָҶŭȵҳȥһ˾ͺúÿĳ˵ĵط𣿡
ҶһץסԵָ˳һšֻԡһҽУһغţ
üͷˣˣˣҶ˵䣬ſɣ
ҶЦŵڳܵϣξ´ٸָָ㣬Ҿ֪ŸָͷĿ֣
УأԲҶŷſһ߶˦ָһҶ۾һɣһɵµҪѵ˵Ĳһ˾ѣѵҪܵİ칫
ٴüͷԣ˵ˣҲЩˣʵ̫ˣһӵĻˮ˵ǰ鷳ûʲô
֪ĵ׵뷨ƶҪźԩˣ鷳Ҷȶ죬ȶֵĺðɣ
Ž͵Ҷ輯б飡
б᣿Եע˹üͷʵ輯ŵб᲻ϴʾܾٻôǻ׷
һˣ輯Ųǲμӣǻ׷дͶȻ˻Ҷдõľ귽
ɫһ䣬ǰܣ֪ɷҿҲѧϰѧϰ˵ǰҪȥóеľ顣
ҶٺһЦ΢΢ŲŲӣԵǰУܸ㿴ǹ˾Ļļôй©
æôܿ۲ܣ鱾Ҹģ
ǲҪҶٺЦ֪㸺ˣҲ֪˭˦İ
Ե㲻ҸҲȨɣΪ۲ܣˣʱһϲ̨棬Ŀɲٻŵӣ
ҶЦ˵ãúܺͳ޸Ͽ˵ĶУҪһô
һ㶣æû˼ֻǾãһ򣬾һС޴
ϧ˵˲㣡Ҷҡҡͷҵ飬ûȻǸڹ˾ϺʦǡҵҪһϹȱȣ˵ˣô֪㻳ʲô˼
ŭҶʲô˼ֻǣֻ㣬ѵֻôһ
ҶЦһʲôè޺ӼٴȱϧҿɲǺӣĴȥɣ
ԹصҶһۣȲбô顣˵˵°ɣҶΪ˾޹Ӱ࣬ʲô𣿡
ҶЦҰʱϰ࣬ʱ°࣬ʲôʱӰˣ
ԵȥͻԼȴȥˣӰʲô
ҶЦ°࣬û֣ѵǶŲɣѵ˵°ͲҪˣ˵˾ػǺܵ˾
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ŭһ߳˳ȵİ칫ҡһЦѽͲܹǫһ𣿷ǵô𣡡
ҶתųЦŵû취ЩǼԸˣ͵ñ
ô˵ҲܼȹЦʵ
Ҷﾪ̾һܣ桪ٺ٣ļҲֻԸˡ


121 輯б
ڸûʵĻҶͳ輯ŵĸ˽ܱб
һ輯ŵĲƷװбһΪ󲿷֣һʮ˸ƷǰڲƷƹƷƳ˴һʮѾͨ˰װ⻹԰ٻڵʮҹ湫˾ṩĴ⡣
ҵб꣬ҶԵľһʮȫ쳧ҡ
ȵ̨ϵ˽輯ŵĻȽеƷװƵѡһҼҹ湫˾빤ҿʼ̨һһֵ̨ԼĲƷơڣҵͶӰϳһϤĻ档Ҷվϯ̨
˵һٻ̨ΪҽǴƷϡϡ̨µĳɫŵؽĿͶǸϯ̨Ҷ
ϯϵ輯ŸҲɫؽĿҶԼĴĻһֻͣɫţһ˿񶾵Ĺâеǩֱתţһŵʻ
Ҷ̨лʼһԼƵĲƷ
֪輯һջƷΪҪӪƷĴҵһε²ƷλҪꡣƮϴˮһʹùƮֱֱӹ۸СˣٻһװƣƮ㡯ֱ顣
Ҷ˶٣ָĻƵİװλ뿴ƵһƷװƿһݵ̬ƿλϼȣһŤĸоƮݵ㷢衣һŮڷеʹ˲ƷԺƮٿƿɫͼơɫĵɫһִ磬·ڹĴ֮еĸоѹʽʹ÷ڼѹƿʹ÷ӵļݣܹʹƷԵøӵĸ߶˴ϵΣ
Ҷݽܣ̨²ʱһίϯϵڶ輯ŵĸҲһͷ໥ͷӶȻ֮е⡣̨£̨ϹʶĿҶһɡ˻һһӡ
Ҷ̨٩٩̸ԼİװƵơͻȻֻÿڴֻһ𶯣绰ˡ
Ҷɫ䣬͵͵ͳֻһۣǺٻĵ绰ҶҶ˵绰һٻĵ绰绰Ҷڽȥˣǲǳʲô飿ٻ֪Լڲμ輯ŵбġʲôż飬ǲӶشԼĵ绰ġ
˼λݽӾʣٻŵĹ˾ܣŮʿΪҽ⡣ҶǸ̨ȵߣһ
վߵ̨ϵλ˼ʱˡƷҽ⣬ϣ˾ܹϲ˵ţһ㿪һPPTͼƬ
ǹ˾Ϊ輯һװɷȵȻվϯ̨ϣ٩٩̸˿ûΪݷĲϤӰ˼·
Ҷ￴΢΢һЦбĻͳֻٻ˹ȥ
绰ͨҶʵϱʲô飿ȻƵĵĽȴ޷
ٻǱߴ˹ŵҶˤˣ
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ԣԣԣҺú£ٻæŻشҶæο輯ŵбֳءȱżô
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ҶæϹ
ٻڹ˾
ҶšһҲʲôԭ򣬹˵绰ûʱȥ輯ŵĳȥѳˡҶֱһʿĿĵأŰԪ󳮸˾еصʦ鷳㣡
ϣʮ˾һѽӹ˳Ʊţ֮һ˳ȥ
ֻϧ첻ԸѾʱ֣°ĸ߷ڡеĳӵʿ˾Ŀ㣬ֻϧǰһ̵ƣӶҶüͷЩԼûаѳ
Ҳûбİ취ˡֻöԻһͣͣʿ˾ʦͣɣ
ʿ˾һ㶵ǻûٻð
Ҷҡҡͷˡ
ʿ˾صⲻˣǮҿǲ˸ģ˵Ųɲͣ·ߡûͣȣҶƿ˳ţȥǰ糤һĳӣҶ˲ӣɱ
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˰࣬·ϣͣȵﲻͣţʲô·ǵģÿô೵򿪴ͷȥӵĳ˲̾˿ʱͻȻֻһ紵˹ǰһӰ
ף˳һոиˣ궨һʲôˣ·мôأһҿˡ˰ţ۾ϰ໹̫ˣ۹ȣֻþˡ
ҶڳдţҲ֪ٶж죡ֻҪȥμʲô˻ܲǳܡܻɣƽƵ϶еڶѡΧ·˻˾ֻǰһʲôһ
ţ·ʻŵлؼҸʲôóԵġͻȻǰһæͲɲ
˭ĵһòײ˰ɣͣ³ǰȥʲôˣһԼۻˡţţƵسгȥ
ʮӺҶܵٻŴõ¥¡س˽ȥոϳѩӨкûᡣѩӨСӻΪҶԼʲôѵ˵Ҷ鲻ãǲǽ輯ŵбʧˣ
ѩӨаšɵôһܺҶ֮ĶԼԼۣٲΪãɴܣҪ꼰˵ġ˭ǲѩӨаļĬĬػصԼİ칫ҡ
Ҷſڣİŵšֻϧݻʮ¥Ҫ֪õȶ೤ʱ䡣Ҷｹط˵ȴֱ¥ݵţѭ¥ݣȥһϵʮ¥Ҷæ˺ٻİ칫ҡ
ȥһҰ׵ڵϣŵһºе˵ϣ֭˳Ž׵ı˳ڵγһ̯һŨķǶ˹ٻ̱ڵϣϵسšÿüͷڳһ֡
Ҳһԣһ߰οźٻżһҪ


122 ©ƫҹ
𶯣Ҫȥ裬ҶæŭһֹԵĶ
ٻҲ̧ͷҶӰŲ˲ᣬɫ΢滺һ㡣̧ͷһҶüͷʵҶ㵽ôƽʱ㼵ңҲˣˤҰҲ𣿡
ҶԣûжʺٻܣȻû
ٻصûУǴ绰˵·϶ˡҴ绰Ժģæ¥ȥһˣһû
ЦһЩ˲Ը⿴һĻ֪ǳʲô
Ҷһ죡ن°ͷ
㣡ҰˣҲŭ˵Ҫȥ衣
𶯣ٶԣҶһߺȵһ˹ȥ˵Ŵӻͳһ룬Եϡֱֻһ飬ʱûͣ˶ʵҶ㵽Ҫ˾ͱҡ
Ҷصǲ뿴㺦ˡһ£п
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һǿʶЩŻ˭أѵ𣿳ô죿
Ҷ￴˿ɫȷʱû˴󰭣źϾص˵ִҪ㸺𣿡
ңԸ˵Ҹ͸ͻȻɫһٻ˫һӣɵµصôܳ飿
ٻæ͵ҪȱˡոллˡҶҽģ
Цҽ˾ʲôʱֱҽˣܣɱһЩʿƭ˰˵־Ҫȥ衣
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ӴԾһƨɺؿڣֻһǰתתȥ
Ҷ֣մȾ˵ĳһЦŵ𶯣ǲֿԣ
˵Ҳڵʹͳ룬ͷȥҶɣʹھͷҲɵðһ˿˿ա
ٻһԿţüͷҴ绰ʲôʱʱȥ˵̫æ˭֪ܵǹ˾ˣҰ˼ʱ£ͽڰ칫ҵȵȣ˭Ҳ֪ôһСĵˤڵˡһʱ򡭡
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ٻʱ˼ҶĳƺŴӦһʵôˣ
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߳˰칫ң˵ݣһ¥һ룬ֻꡱһһҡΣٻˤڵϡʧصĸо˲ʧ
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ֻˣôỵأٻ˶ţʵ
Ҷæοȱ𼱣ҳȥ
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Ҷһƿ˵ͷά޴ڡȥԱߵš
ҶֽԼϡһֻ֣һԾ˵ݵϷһ˿ŵ۵˵ȥҶźٻȵȣݵĽϣ˹Ȱ͵ҽԺ˵
ٻҶЩص˵ͷţȥɣ
Ҷ˵ݣϸ˿⻹ʮһ¥ûа취ˣֻ¥ݡ裬ҶһԶ֪ƣţһһһسȥ
¥£ûȻҶæȣ賯ҽԺķȥ

ܳмףٵؾȻžҶʻҶæҽ죡ȻԱҶе˹ȥ
͵ȻϣҶҲ˳ʿǣæҺ˵ƿ룬ˮеҽͷż룬ɫɵر˭֣˵žҪȥͷ롣
Ҷһץסҽ󣬵𶯣
нҶﲻԾʹ˵㾢һֺҽɵʹһ
ҶŷӦæſҽֵ˼ҽģ˵¯΢ѪҪסѪɢ
ֺҽЦһں˵Щʲô­ڳѪ­ڳѪܿõ
Ҷҡҡͷҿܿó
ֺҽʲôЦЦɹЦ㵹͸ۣҲ˵öԲԡ˵ƾ⼸ֹѪⲻЦ𣿡
Ҷһ䣬ŰֺҽɫصûûУ֪ŵɣ
ֺҽŭƤͦģ֪֪ڵΪڸʲôıɱң³
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ҶûиԤ㣬ֻҪ󣬱Щεˣ
ֺҽ㲻˵һû˭㶯ֵģѧ֪ӾβǻҪҽԺʲôʲôϵҽҽִûҽִգ͵ҵģ
Ҷص죡
еİֺҽ͵һ㶣ΪҶʲôԼȴû뵽ȴ˴³ֱӵҪԼ졣õһӻҶôһȫ̻˶档
ֺҽضǰ濪˾ԣͣβˣϣ
Ҷ״ִӻͳһ룬͵طֺҽֻûһҲܶҲ˵ˡɵɴ˫ۣĪضҶ
⣬ʲôѵԼŷ˼ʮĿѧǴģֺҽﾪš


123 ûԷŽ
ʦڿɣλҽںҿЦأ㿴ѾͬأԵ˾ѳͣҶæк
ô°ʦɵػͷһۣȴûзְֺҽı顣ҲΪڿЦǱַ˳˾ŽҽԺķʻȥ
͵ҽԺҶҲһ­ڳѪ˵Ҳأ˵ҲءͷڵѪѪϸܵƻͬʱѪѹΧ֯ӶϰҶĳ֣ĳѪ࣬˶񾭹ܵҲᡣ
ǣϾˣֻиѪѹҶﻹǾܹҽԺúõһ£ӹаˮ­ѹˮףѪѹֹٳѪѪɵļ̷𺦣ٽ񾭹ָܻҽԺһЩضڲ֢ķλͦЧġ
豻ʿ͵˼ңҶﲿѺ𣬰ʣļǧǮȫ˽ȥ⻹ͬٻڽԴƵĵͣ˷ɸ˺ʣǮæЩԺҶͳֻٻ˹ȥ
ϱѾ͵ҽԺˡҽԺģѾûʲôˡҶο
ǾͺãǾͺãϹٻæ˵ţһŵҲķһ롣
ҶڼҵţҽʿʼæµѪѹʡBĵͼȵȼæͣ
ǸгİֺҽŴӾȻ϶߶µûע⵽
Ҷסֻûһ飬ʱʧȥ˿ơðΣŶĿȨһʹĸоһ˲һֻͻȻҧ衣̣
òչ˽ǣ߶´ӳҽԺԺԼеĹԱһӻ׵ҽЦǺǵ˽һ˰ֺҽԶԶؼһ棬Ǳʡĺ
ֺҽͻȻ쿪ʱ壬Ժ˵һ仰ǿɵøҺúñˡ뱣ֵĻҪݰԺָǻĹһ屦ڿרҽڣҽҲоЩëͷСҪܹõ˼ҵһָ㣬ɾǷˡǧҳʲôӣ
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Ժɫһæ˻ֵҪ˵ˡӲ𣿸Ͻҹһȥ
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ǣǣǣԺæͷЦǻϿǵȫеΪҽƶ˼⡣˵ֱҽСˣ˵˵ô££лϺͺΪҪıӵĴ
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ɵһֱ֣Ǻ֣
ԺҲæ͵дֲļǵҽҲûʲô취ѰϾҲܸÿһҽһѽҡͷԵص
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ҶЦŵܵĸײСˤˣ­ڳѪѾ͵ҽԺˡѾûʲôˡ
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ȡšһİװƵͶѾˡ輯ŵֳӦЧҾûҵ۹Ƶİװܹѡϰ˾ŸɣͶҲȥҵǵǹģ̫Сԡҵȣһ壬ǵơ
Ҷ΢ЦŵãҵĺϢ
ҲЦŵĺˣôҲѹôֻ͡ҪǹƽҸĻûٻš繫бٸǴ绰
ãҶЦǾԤף쿪ʤˡ
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˳ȵĵ绰ҶﳯҽԺȥ
ʱԵͬ£ٻҲҽԺһҶٻæӭʵôû°ɣ
Ҷæ˵ͷοûʲô⣬֮ǰѾסĲ飬ء
ٻ˵ͷȻҶܷġ漰飬ûɵûףֻ֮òϵҶ֤
Ըźٻһƨɣ˹Ҷô˵ɵЦ˲飿Ҳ·ͷ˲ΪʲôҪҽԺΪʲô軹ڼﻹû


124 ҽǿ
ǲ밤ˣҶٺһЦ󣬶Ե
ֻоһǿ㣬ңٴԣҡ
Իû˵ֻ꣬ážһһĸо˹㡪ŵصɴ۾ָָҶ˵
ҶٺЦ˼Ҵܣ𣿡
ҶҺû꣡ŭһΧɫҴҵ·˺ҽԱĿͶ˹
ԺžҪҶ˹ȥֻٻüͷһˣԣҽԺҪȥ𣿡
ܣңңҡָҶȻطеίͷŭԱʲôܣҶȶֵĺðɣԿźٻһɣͻȻҲ˵ˡֻԼһֻͷһվһȺм䣬ôڣôľֹ޴롣
ֻЦЦԺٻܣҲ˵ˡš
ٻ˵ͷҲֻҶаЦɵҶ
־һȻֻǣڼ￴յһ̣ɵôˡ
˵ձ˶ԻʲôҽͷĴһ
ʲôַһ䡣ΪͬҲ˼ң˵ڲҽְλʱȥҽԺԺ칫ҺȲ졣
忴ͷŵ룬ɵЦŵСҽ˵Ǹ֪ߵغСɣŷô˵ԺԵҽ
ŷҽæŸ˸ּ飬ԺʻŲ˼صԺΪҽʱһ̾ʲôʱѧءͦõģCTͼƬӦ⼸ֹס˻­ڵѪҺɢ
ţԺŷҽôһ˵ɵóһȥֻüͷϸؿͷЩ롣
߰ʵǸߣӦþҽص롣û뵽һƽ֮껹ܵôһۣпص
˵ʲôƵġæתͷԺСİǰǸСҽ˵ʲôţǲ˼ʩ룿
ҲǻȻһû뵽ܹôߵۣʱԼȻ֪ʲô˼æӦеԣԣԣǲ˼ʩ롣Ҫϣھȥʣ
ԣˣҪƽҲпѵصȻǸ䰡һ̫Դ󰡡
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ȷ޴Ժ󣬼ҵĴڴ򿪣ҽԱŲæŽתȥԺ˳
⣬ٻüص͡ҶһĴּ磬οûµģѾʩˡҽֻмһ£ûʲô󰭵ġ
һĵԿһĻŭڡֱðһʱɵЦߣʩ룿ȷ㲻ڵңΪԼҽţѽܣòҶСӡ
ԵĻû˵ֻ꣬һҵŴˡ
ٻ̧ͷȥֻһһװӣӻ׵ͷһͺһװ˴Ӽ˳ٻһ㶡һƣһŰ״ӣſֵҽǺ˳ٻæӭȥźֵҽʵҽû˰ɣԺҶ״Ҳ
ٻѯʣæתȤʺٻСǲ˵ļ
ٻ˵ͷ۾һʵô˵ͷϵҲˣʱûнٻԱСҽ޶Ĵ󻵵ϵѾǳ˷ܣܹʧ˵ǿżʮ겨ֿʼһһ
ģʲôףҶʱҲӼվʵ
Ӵʲôף϶ǻ˰һص˲һ˿ֻɫͻȻĻ˱˵ɣҲҶ˵ѧҽҽѧǼ£࣡
ҶνЦЦԵ
ŶµؿһۣҲŽĿƵҶϡֻǰվһλ˧ʵСӡϬ񶾵Ļ˿ΪһֱƵɣжҶӡֲ̧˼֡
СӣҶۺЦصʹõʧѾ˵ɣ
ҶҲüͷ¾ȣû뵽ͷ۹ôܹóԼʹõַµ˵ͷ
˿˵İҵѧϰижص֪Сֵʲôʱʱ䣬ͷһǺúýһ£
Ը廰ȴͷôһ˵ʱĻȫ̻˶档ǰԼ˵ʲôţࣿͷһֱӾ͸ԼһƣҶģô˵ҶСӻҽɣ
ԵٿȻһɱ͡
ʱ򣬺ٻû˺ѣλҽʵҽôû˰ɣ
ٻִŵ⣬ɵùЦСﻹͦТ˳ġⲻ˷˲ôֽĿͶҶϣۺЦص
ٻɻʵѵҽ𣿡
һԵԺæǻıֵĻƽƽڡڿרҽڣС˵ҽ𣿡
ٻŵͣôܾôҽأ漴־ȱûĸ׵ĹС
û˰ɣִŵѰ𰸵ĺٻɵҡͷѽʴˣСӲΪָһҪֺαԶأ


⻰һڣڳ˶סˡ
ŻԺһͬŷҽԼ֪ݺҽѧĵλôһ˵ɵûȻһϸҶһۣҶĵס
ԺҪŷҽҪóԾ֪⼸ִʲô塣ٵ׳˶ÿͿؽȥΪʢҽνǵ֮ʥ֣ˡǾһˣȴƮƮ˵һ䣺Ҳ⵱еķ֪ҲԹɴ۾һֻͣ
һԾˡҲû뵽ҶȻĻҽΣԵĵֻһСȶѡٻ˵ҽʲôãܸҵעܹһٵյĵλѡҽȥҽƫƫҵ˾˾ҽֻһʹͷѡ
ٻҲе㾪ȡ֪Ҷҽģû뵽ƽʱЦ˵ָ֣ΪֻǸʦѧֹ꣬ãҲˡȴ룬ƵͷȻԼȲҶһﻹһְָЩ޹ؽҪôһ˵ٻԼӦûʲôˡܹŵһ¶
һԾľҶˡû뵽ǰλԼôߵۡо仰޵һ޵ڶνġͬԩҡôһǰλôˣȴ̹سԼȲҶҶĵײһ˿øС


125 ɷ
ϹˣҶﲻԾ˱ȭһ֣صʦѧ꣬Сѡ
ϹЦҲ˵ǵСĻЩѧľͶһЩˣ
ţߵҽԱѾ˳ŵסԺһ䲡סҶˣæϣ컹Щ飡иˣпգϺúġ
Ҳ˵ͷǺã»صпգҪҺúڼ룡ͷҿȤʮ㣬Ȳ˰
ҶЦŴӦźٻסԺȻ˵϶˵ҶԼҪΪ˵ҽŷҽǸٻһյĲ顣
أҪڸѪѹ­ѪѹߣѪ­ڳѪĿǰǱȽϺãѪ٣񾭵ӰҲ˵ȽᡣֻΪ˱­ٶȳѪһҪƣڿƵѪѹڶأƣŷҽԺٻյĲ飬̾Ϣһֻƻһգ˵Ҳˣ̫ȫأȹƵĻ¶񾭻ǻһӰ졣˵ԺӹǾû֮ǰô鷺ˣ⾿ѡҪǼԼˡ
˵ţŷҽⲽ˳ȥºٻҶԴڲ
ٻҧ촽˼ŷҽոնԼ˵ĻòüͷˮĴ۾ͶҶϣʵҶ˵ѡڿƵãƺһ㣿ĸȽϺã
Ҷ˼һҾûѡɣҶо仰û˵ŷҽȻû˵зգûҶ¡ֻҪҽˮƽҪ̫ΣҶİȫԽ͵޶ȡŻźٻѡơ
һԵԿȥˡҲǵģһ˾ѣƾʲôһʲôͽԵкǼ벻ɵÿڵҶǻʲô˼ûҽ˵Ʒ̫ôһˣҾûǱһ㣬ڿƵĺã
ٻôһ˵ֻҲеǾѡ񣿺ٻһʱû⡣еǹңƽĺٻлǹУɲôһûءһй⣬е㲻֪ˡ
ԵƣҶҲʼᡣԼҶﻹǲΪҶ飬ɵصô˵˼ˣҾ֪û⣡
ˣȱȸû꣬Ҷ̲סһٺаЦһǲǻû򹻰
Ի˵ֻһĻʿС˽üͷȵʲôҽԺҪ泳ȥȥɣҪϢ
ٻæʿСãǲ˵ļһᣬ𣿡
ԣСʿϴʾܾ˺ٻ󣬽˸˳ȥ
ߵϣҶɵһķصҶȥˮ
ҶкЦûصôȥҶӻӣҪȣ
ŭӡ
û˵꣬ٻüͷȵܱܲˣ
бΪʲôÿζ˵ʱң˿ͷȥٿҶֻٻԣ˾Ӧûͦæİɣȥμ輯ŵбˣҶûһСȹȥɣ
ôأԼеصô԰ѺһﲻܣһҪֵʱҿһɣ
ٻüͷҶأ
ѿڶصһ˾ܰĵʲôæ
ٻ͵վһ˫ͻȻϬݺݵضԵܣԼãɲǱ˸ģΪһˣܲ΢ôһ㣿ҪҶ֪Ǹʲôءô֪Է̫ʧˣ
ٿȻһԼԣɵóһ亹֪Լóһ㣬û뵽ջ˺ٻķСæǸԲ𣬶ԲֻǿЦûǵҶĸܣ
ٻüͷ˰ɣܣ鷳ˡҲ˰ɣȥϢԸɣ
룬ҪԼںٻĿе󣬿öְǱҲۣһ㶼ۡҪȻҲġ
ٻ˵ͷǶлˡ
һϲ̷ҶüͷԺٻÿÿΪЧҵҡ
ԵĻδ䣬ٻŶӵȻĻΪһ绹ûгԷˣҸҶȥԵ㷹ɣѹĻҴ绰
ʲôһ㶣ðβ׹ٻ˼Ҫ˵ʲôȴԼոջ˵ֻ̫Թ޵صҶһۣ˵ͷ
ǣٻҶ߳ҽԺϣһСݣѾ˷㣬ԷҲˡҶ˼С֭һ˾ˡҶ̻ʵس
ԹٻҶҴææϻҽԺٶȻصߣԿ۾ܷŵ
ûҽԺҶĵ绰Ҷֻһǳȵĵ绰ͺٻ˵һҶ߽˵绰
ܣôûб갡ҶЦЦΪŵʵ
绰ͷĳȲΪ֪üͷĵҶϴΰ׺дӦǵĹƽûһȫûˣ
ȫûôܣٲҲһƷɣҶﲻʵ
ȿЦŵʵˣͻίڲĲҲûһı׼ôõƽôһԭأϾ˼輯ţô˵ɡʲô취
Ҷ˵ͷõģ֪ˡ
ȵţǱôˣܵĸû˰ɣ
ţûˡҶֻڻڻԵС
ȵǺãھ͹ǵ˵
˹ҵ绰Ҷ˼һЦŶԺٻϱ輯ŵ飬һοҪˡٻţûа취ˣ
ٻüͷûǰ㡣Ӧ֪ԭġ
Ҷüͷʵʲô˼
ٻһ꺣Ȫ輯ŵĹɶҲ¿϶ԸġҲã輯̫ˣٻ˵νȻǺѹǺܴʧ֪ǸͱԼˡ
ҶЦŵǱСˣ
ٻҡҡͷģȥ˵ٻŻɲԺҶĶԼٻɵüͷ¶ֶ˼ֲԭΪн˻ʵʵĹȴû뵽һˡ
ҶЦɷ죬ϱ̫СϹˣ廹Ⱥʦأǰʿʱ򻹽˾ʦأҽʦֺη
ٻҶһ۵ǹҧҲŲҪˣ
ҶٺһЦϱ㲻ңҹ㣡
ٻһҶȳŽеҽԺȥ


126 رİ
صҽԺԻڲͷţ˫֧ͷ֪˼ЩʲôҶͺٻ˹ԻûзӦҶﲻɺٺһЦָŶƤѽոճԵ̫ˣӶе㲻ˡӴܣ㻹أԷŶˣ㲻ˣô֣һǾҪʶ𣿡
̧ͷһɪҶҧгݣȴɫĵȻǻˣҾߺˣ˾ﻹкܶȥأܣˣҲֵ֪Щ̫ڸˣǸҶġ
˳Ϣ֪ڵ飬¶Ҷ䳰ȷ̲סԡδӰԼںٻĿеʿɶֹԼɴ뿪һ󣬵ȻعͷԸҶˡ
аҪ˶ˡ輯ŵбӦþͻҶݺݵһơ
뿪ҽԺûãȱһһ˹
ܣҶĸѹ𣿡ԶȾʹ
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ܺߴŭذҶһ۵ȥˡ
Ҷӵôף
ЦһҶͻȻӦЦЦԺٻܣѹˡ
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ֻϣո۾Щɵشܵĳ衣ٻ˽æʵٻٻĶ
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ɻʵҽԺôҽԺˣ
ٻ͵ҹ˾ͼ벻ˣҲ֪ôͲСˤˡ˵иѪѹСһ㲻ǵôԶҪȼһ֪ȥѽٻ̲סԹ
΢ЦٻԹ꣬źٻֵ㹤Ͳ֪עԼҪҲ㰾һ뼦ۣ֪ȥأ
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ҡҡͷѽǲָ鷳ˡ
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յʲôͲùԱǻ˵лġ
һԵĳ˹ĸĺˡ˾һ溮ܴõģΪ쵼ϢþϢãû˸˵лġ
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ٻô˵æЦŵǾˣС㡣˾æֵٻٻҲǰôˡ
Цĸˡ
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յҲǣϾһˣô˵Ҳ̫˵㡣
һˣȲɵһ㶣ۿ˿Ҷͺٻɻ󲻽ؽĿͶա
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仰һڣ˶˵
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ǴˡٻɴʲôҲ˵Ҳ˵ֻεغһ裬ʱ鰡
۽ǴЦ⣬ĺٻ֣ããã顣ϴξ˵˰ɣ˫ҳܵȼɣȰѻ¸ҪȻôŵأ
ٻüͷ裬ͱˣĽӡǻῼǵġ
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ٻᴷգص裬˵ʲôأ϶֤ҵҸġԶԶٵĻȥġ
һҡҡͷ̾ϢͲƭˡΪһῴ˵ţƫͷȥҶﺰʵСҶʵңʲôϲأٻٻ˵ҽ㲻ƭҵģ
Ҷﶢյӣֻھͫô䣬ôĳϿҡԥƬ̣Ҷ裬ġȷʵʲô⡣ѪѹĲ֢ѣټβСˤˣ­ڳѪܻϵͳһӰ졣
Ҷ˵ЩնǺסϵͳӰʲôҲںЩҪЩ룬ƫͷʵе𣿡
Ҷ˵ͷԣڿƵĻܹʱס­ٴγѪԺͲܹپҵ˶ȽҲԻЩӰ졣ѡƵĻһķգڵĻҿԱ֤ûκ⣡
Ҷôһ˵ٻɵתͷȵĿҶƣҶܱ֤ûκĻǾͲ룬϶ѡˡЩǰҶûиԼ˵ģΪĺأٻвɵɻ
˼Ƭ̣ŵǾͱһɣȽŲҲûйϵһܰǽ顣
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ˣˣǶ˵ˡհ˰ֵԺ̸ɣ
ٻֻεص˵ͷȻżڲԸ飬Ҳֻʱȷһˡ
˵һҶɫеǱԺٻٻٻҪȥԵģĻ졣
ٻȻҲ뵽㣬˵ͷţȥɣϲԾ²ڶĽӣһ
ҶӦһãת˲ȼٻĸŮЩ强ԾҲǶ࣬ҲһǣҶ˳ȥ
һ߳ҽԺЦʵҶûͦģʲôʱ飿
ʲôʲôʱ飿Ҷﲻʵ
ЦŴҶһ£֪ôĵȴЩζװɵ˵ʵʲôʲôʱϵ𣿡
Ҷһ£ŷӦʵʲôЦŵŶ˵ǻö㰡ϴκյʱ򰡣
ɵúúõллˣôҪҳһ٣Ц
԰ҶЩֱĶӣνĵţϵǮҽԺȥֻʣ°㻨ǮԸ̰ɣҲҪ˶ǮҽԺԼ򷹵ĺٻգҶﲻɵõҵĺǶأ
Ǿ°ɣԣôأЦû뵽Сڱܹͦλ
ҶٺЦŵû취˵˲˾ҫ±˵лϾǸеģҪ˵СϿɾ͹Ҳסˣ
Цһ㻹Сˣ
ҶٺЦرףܣҪҪһ¡
һ죬Ҷĸ첲˵ЩʲôأûУŲҵǰȥһ״
Ҷæɱᰡûˣ˵ָµرסһأǲԶָء
˵ָ˼ȿһߺ˼ʵ
ǰҶգգ۾¶ص˵ͷȻɵʵҪΪأ
㣡糺죬һʱ˵


127 Ϊϧ
Ҷһæת˻ʵˣһֱû㣡輯ŵб᲻Ƕ˵ǹƽҵбôô˵Ĳƽ
ȰҶһ۵˼輯żҴҵ⡣˵Լǹƽģѵ㻹ȥ˵ˣ˭ֻأ
Ҷ˵ͷбҵѾ𣿡
ȵ˵ͷοҶҲ̫ѹˡҰ¶˵ˣǹ˾ˡԽ̫ҪҲôġĺˣԿġ
ҶЦˣܣôҪûеĻҾͲӦԼˣ
ͣ˽ŲҶŶִ󷽵ɣﲻֳһĹʡ
˳ҽԺѾˣɫȻ硣·ݵĽѾļ̫ɽҶﴧе㻨ǮҪͳȸǣֻԶȻϤӰǰ׺кͰ
Ϧͽ˵Ӱóصİ򵥵һƵĲŷûβ㷢Ժ΢˿裬Ϧ͵ҫ£Եرഺ
һֲֻŰ׺Уһɷ˵ЩʲôıģһӴȻ߳ľŮһ׺һŮһ˵ţһ߲ʱصͷĿһ˲˲ضŰĳһɴȰĹâ
ҶɫһȣŰ׺˹ȥ
Ӵɰ״ãҶкһ׺ŽĿӰת˹Ҷæ˵صҶϵܣȷʵɰôӲҲҽԺ
Ҷҡҡͷңһѵĸ˵㲡̽̽û뵽ܺͰ״żأ
׺Цŵ꼴Ե֡׺п˿ֱȻЦŵҪһԸôлᣬѾͷлһ㣡
˵Ű׺жŰ죡ϴξ壬Ҷ壡
ؿҶһۣ漴Ƥͷ΢ЦŵҶãлľ֮
ҶҲЦŵ
׺ҶߣߣߣҲվҽԺſˣҸضĻᡣ
ҶһźٻǶԼ򷹣δ׺Ļᣬ輯ŵҲûصˣǱ˵ͷ
˱߱ģͽҽԺһҾƵꡣ˾Ʋˣ׺ҶпصҪллҶϵ㰡ѾͷӹǴСһֱҲҽԺҺ˵˵ŰȰסˣúõʮµġҪǸ̸
ﲻص֣㶼˵ЩʲôֻҸʦкôͳ̸ˣһΪѧϰɶ£ȰѧϰŮôĵأ
㿴׺ָŰЦŵѾͷѧԴˣ
ҶЦЦƲ˿ʼԳԺȺ׺֪Ҷﲻϲƣǵ˼ƿ֭ϣϴƣƱյҲȵû֡
߳Աġϯ䣬ʵҶ壬Ҷҽа˵ǲԵְ
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Ҷ͵֣תƵˡҶ̾Ϣһҡҡͷ״磬ٻһεбɼ̫밡
Ҷôһ˵׺е˵ͷ֪ٻŵʵûбҲ֮СϾһͶҵкܶٻŵʵǿģ칤
ţֻҶʹļ׵ص״磡Ϊеϧ
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׺еɫһ䣬Ҷ仰ɾеˡʲôˣʷĻĹ֪ʵۣҲ˽λʮ꣬һʮ̣¾ɱҳ˵ڶεĵ֮㣬˻ƽ壬ʹ˥ҵľ档
ҶһԾָ׺лŲԡ׺е泩˲Ź֣ɵɫһʵô˵
ҶһڲˣƵصбϣǹ˾İװƷеĲչƷв˵ģҲһȽڶࡣҽݵʱ̨µķҲǺҡȴǳϣҲ֪ǲνĹƽ
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128 ֻ׼Ҷ
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ҶЦ㶼˵꺣ȪǣڳҲı䲻˵ֺαأ䣬ֵǮԼʦҲû⣡
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ʱҶӵһİ硣绰һϤ˹Ҷ˳Էǰ׺ɡ
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뵽Ҷ㿪ųٻŵĴʻȥ


129 侮ʯͬ
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ѩӨҶ磬ɱԱǵǸôҲһ⡣ĺˣû˸Цģ
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ҶижߣһҪﲻǵģϽˣˡûҪһƽϡ
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130 ˭ο˭
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ҶͷһüͷƵĳֿʼ۾ͻȻŻҽŻ뵽˴ߡҶæ򿪴µ˳Ŵ˽ҶһЦ
ƽʱڹ˾ǰһ࣬Цݶغõһ淶׼û뵽ҲôôСŮ˵һ档
ȵ¡Ҷ￴óľɥΪԼΪ輯ŵҲģͬˣŽԼԷǽϡοҵĻοģһѩӨڳˡҶţεЦЦ


131 ûʲô
ųãҶﲻʵܣܣ
Ѿ۾˯˹ȥҶĶ޷ӦҶֻεҡҡͷȥĶأؼҲ񻰣˵֮ûйϵ˵ٻ֪ˣҲǼ鷳¶Ǿô˵ҲһҶôҲܾŵβܰȻ֪סҲֻð͵ȥ˯һˡ
Ҷ￪ųͽһҲСĿݾƵ꣬ھƵǰ̨СǴŵУҶһͿĳ߽Լ֤ĵ˼
ųɵ˴ϣЬӣ˱ӡƺĳһƽڴϣҶвɸпǿƵˣܻвΪ֪һ档
Ҷ˼ھƵϴˮ˷Щ̵գ׼뿪ͼڴϵĳȣŻһ˾ϺһӴϵŤӣһֻֻ촽
ҶæͰȥųȣĴıȡϡﻩһ˾Ǵˮ̳һɫʮѿ
Ҷһ߷ųȣһߴӻͳ룬ųȵȥһһܵĳƽҶｫŵͷϣùʪ˵ë˲͡˯˹ȥõݾһһƽĴϡ
ҶﲻԾ̾ϢһҪ뿪ȴȺץסҶϵצӡ
ߣȱ۾ȴͻȻ³ôһԵĴʻ㡣
ҶﻹỬеԵƤȴشнԼֳ˳
Ҫ뿪ңˣȸܵҶֵ뿪æ˫֣ҶץסǰĲɵɺȻűһధĿģҢҪ뿪ң
ãããҶæҲߣ
ŷҶַԼǰֳغĵҶﲻɵ˿ĭ˵ʵȵıȺٻĻãֻƽʱְҵװ˵ض˽·档һαռ˸߷壬ҶŸܵΰ
ȵ۾ȻˣЩƵɣʺĴĵشյҶĶҶĲϣҶֻûǧë׶Ŵ˿
Ң磬ôңȵʼŵŵɽ˺˵Ҫģôô˵㻰
ܣȶˣڻҶҲ޷Ƕ˶ҲҢ磡
ҵҢ磬ҢͻȻһƿҶŧ۾ҶҲֹһεȰ㣬ÿһ㶼ݺݵѵңնظҪȥһȴ
Ҷüͷܣ㿴Ҷ
ǰҢȻҵҡҡͷһסҶȵĴҶ촽ҶﱻĽųɬǡ
Ҷճյؿһۣ͵˵ҶĻӵҪҰɣҪҰɣҰԼ㣡Ҫ뿪ҺòãҢ磡
ҶЦһοãããҲ뿪㡣
ΪЦ˲޻˵ģӦˣ
ڳеУҶֻõ˵ͷŽεĴŽҪ˯Ҫ㱧ң
Ҷ˵ͷ˻СҶţԼҶĻＷҪԼˣҶһڻҶȴһҲڡǿҵŮˣĵطҲסһˡֻǴҶﵱǸˡ
ֱرųڱݵĴϡðΣų˯ȥҶｫطŵͷϣƽĺԼʱļૣҶŷ׼뿪ȴֻקסԼ·˯ҲϷɡ
Ҷﺦ´ֽȳѣҲˡһԣ۾˯˹ȥ
һԣҶȴ˿Ӱ죬˯еĳһֻ˽һҶϡ˿ҲһҶĶν»Ҳ˰ɣ
糿˵࣬ѤõӴڷĴγһߵʱ򣬳ȾѾ˹ڳԼΪʹĴԣʶĽ˽ĶͻȻоһ˿
ⲻҵëСܣ
ȻȻ˫ۣĿһϤ˵ӣӣ˯šһȻ뵽ʲôƵģɴ۾ŽҶϵĽź˻͵קӣһֻһһԡ
ڳȵļʱҶѾѹˡµؿžʧĳȣ΢΢һЦ˸Ӵ
ܣ˯ΣҶЦһʵ
ȵ޶˵ط˼˿ϼĵ׸ǺڲǸôҪȥȾأòǷʲô˰ɣȱͷȥϸ췢飬ҪɢļƬУһ˿֤Լ׵˿ֻǺܿϧ飬Ѿûһ˿һӡˡ
㣬㣬ôֻȻʵдŵͻɣȴһ˿Ŀ־;š
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ȵѾ̺һ˿ĿˣôҲ
ҶӣЦƵʵ㲻뿪ô˵ҪԼҡ
˵ȵ˫ձͨһƬҲʼҶô˵Ҳʼǻ˲üԼû״ϺͻȻشһ죬˵ƺмֻ۷衣
Щϲȡ֣޵ŮһԼ飬ȻԼܲԸ⣬ȥȴҲǳȵɡֻһṦ򣬳ȱָյ侲ǡ´ǣȶҶȥ͹ȥ˰ɣ͵ʲôҲûұܣҪԱ˵
ûʲôҶкЦȴʮֲʵ㱣ʲôܣŶˣǲ˵Ҫ˵ƵӺѿ
͵һûʲôôһ仰ͺԭӵһ¡һͶŵԺ
ûʲôؾѣϸһԼ壬ȷʵûзʲô״ѵϾֻǺ˯һѡԼΪʲôܽӴѽˣȵĲҲʼģһĨַա


132 ɽ¥
ȿҶеʵûзʲô𣿡дһ˿ΣȴڶҶһЩɬ
ѵ㻹뷢ʲôɣҶٺһЦüŪ۵ʵ
æ֧˵ЩʲôֻǾãôҼһˣ
ҶЦصϴȻΪ˯ȻΪأ
Ͳٿ𣿡ȵ
Ҷæίص㲻뿪Ҫ˯ģ
ˢֺˣҶһ۵˵ˣϽȥԷɣỹҪȥϰأǹ˾ᣡ
˵ţζؿҶһۡҶ˵ͷʾ֪
ϴԺ󣬳һݣ㳯ȥҶȥȴȵȱ𼱣ҳȥߣҪݱ˿ô˵ǣ
ҶҲǣһѧ࣬ͱ˺ٻĶ䲻ڶԼôɣȴҲһ鷳顣οôһŮӵ
ǱڱվһӴڿųȲŸ߸ЬıӰ˳ųɳ۶ȥҶ˷䣬뿪˾Ƶꡣ
վھƵ̨ϣŴϵĳҶͻȻʶһ⡣ôģȰѳˣô죿Ҷ￴糿ˮйͨĳ¶һ˿Ц
Ҳ֪վ˶ãò׵ȵһ⳵ҶæȥٻʻȥʱѾǰ˵ʮˡ
ٻŵĴʱѾˡŵĻ飬Ϊ˾ԱǰʮӾ볡ˡ黹ûʼµԱǿʼ̸һεĻݺµĹ
̸֮бضҲʢİšԺҶĵ飬ѾٻŴ÷зˡ˽춼ǱſϷ̬ģֺǺҪһҶڹ˾Ǳ
˵𣿺ܵǸ˾ҶｫڽĹ˾ܹǸһʮСٺЦߵ˵
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£С꾪ȵɣʵ
ü۵ְԱٺЦ֪ɣҶҪˣ
˵ҶΪǣһ˾ҲҸܽа壬Сʵ
ü۵ְԱٺЦΪ˭أ˵ɽҪô򵥣ôȥܰ
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Ц춼ϲ£ˡĶԻﲻϵطš̨µ۷׷ײͬǣǰŵԾ壬۾ɫ죬һˣ⴩һոµװ˸ͣȵ¡ĵ°಻סļȴһԲ
Ե۲ܺһͣһԲĴӣͷʮеĵкĵشʣļƺ˿ƴмţȴҲͷĹͺͷð乵ĺˮ
һͲ˲ͷϵĺˮЦضԵܣǾ񡣡
Ե¶һ˿Ц⣬΢΢˵ͷһЦЦյԵĸǰܣ˵ǸҶСӽҪǸΪͽأ
һ仰˵ԵĵסڴյǵʵˣҪǸɶҶԼǰͷϴĵ׵泩Ա
ʱ˿̣֮ǰôżˣ˻ֵô˵ͬ£ֻǿЦѡ
һЦһǸҶҲ̫ʶôһ㡣һСС˾輯źҵ˹ȥ˷ôԴ˼輯ŵĸ˶ûšǴԲѣؿɰٻŵˣ
ǺЦȴǲԡһͼάҪǵҵҹѾǿоô輯ŵʵˡ
Цô˵ϾôһʵӶ˵ѹͦġ
һæǫ飬ĳЩˣǺ޲øȫԼġʵƨǡ
Ե۽һ˿βסЦ⣬ȴüͷװĵ˵Ϻɲ˵ҶǺߵĺˣʧҲ㲻ʲôϾֹͬ˼һ˾ҵҲΪˡô˵֪ˣСʹӡ
һЦŵԼĴ»˵˲ɣ˷ôõԴôõĻᣬȴƨûһⲻռéӲʺôҲŲأ˵ˣⲻźΪôһ˾ҵģ
ˣ˵ˣҪˣԿһźһͻ˻֣Σ̧ͷſڵķڴŻĿʼ
ʱţʱָ˾ŵʮٻͳҲһǰһ໥̸˻ҡļУϯ̨ϡ
ٻһŻ˵˰ɣˣʼɣ
ȵȣܣüͷһȦæִ˺ٻ˵ܣһû
˭ٻı鿪ʼñһƬ䡰˰ɣֻʣûҪ˻ش𡣸οûҲ˵ǼǼ¼ʱ¿ˣܲԼôһܵɣ
ôһ˵ٻȴǲܲܡͬʱĵҲһ˿ôģĪΪǹҼҪ˭ô󵨣˾᲻˵ҹеԱǰչʾԼġٵ
ٻѯʣһƽ³֡
Ҷ
ҶҾ֪϶ˣ
ҶûüһǽûϷˣ
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һҲǴ֪ԼҪˣɴͲˣ
Ǹث֣ҵⲻǵŴһԼô
ǰһСӵˡ
ŭһǲгǶǲǣ
µ˽￪ʼ𣬲Ƭ̣ҿʼѻȸǳȻܹԱǵ￴һ˿궯
ٻһƫͷԵܣǹ˾Բ߻ۺӪҵԼԱģҾΪҵ˾ҶԲòμӣ
ôأԵЦŵҶǰ첻벢۲߻˺ܾõһĿµĹ˾ôأ
һԷԣһԵĺһҲŵǰɲҶֵܰ˵ǿ˺ҪӵģǶδôҵӱٻȥóɹġǸİ۲ͬǶѧϰѧϰء
ٻͳȵɫһ䡣ȵˣ輯ŵбûгɹ
ûɹ𣿡һ͵ɴ۾ȵסͣʵ˵ǿǲ߻˺ܾõģ˵ܵҶķⰡҶˣôܸɵ쵼죬ûгɹô
Ҳǵºڣʶ˲
ɲôôôһ˾أϹˡ
ǻĴһγҶʲô˰ɣ
ǽ֧˭ãƫƫȥ֧һ˾Լ

µĽͷӶҵơ
ȵɫһ䣬ǰ΢΢ЦŵԣһһȻĺһͣĵ׾һͻɽ¥Ļ²ôÿİҶСӳٵˣԼ֪ͨˡ
νڿԿηôֲҲֻڱѣһڵϣô˿ţҶǶˡں˵ԼңҲٵİɣ
ţȴٻÿüͷ嵽һŭһˣ


133 Ͳ
źٻһˡֿʼѻȸٻѲһȦͣԵϡ
ܣ˵ˡҶ˸ǰɣٻʵ
Ե˵ͷЦŵô£ֻЦѣҪҶϵһѹνѹжҲϣܹ輯ǩԼֻϧƺûôİ
ٻЦһĵ׶ԸӵĲ
ȻǿЦҿô˰ɣ
Կźٻһɵ˵ͷãǿЦģʧҲǴԸ⿴ģȻܶô˵ˣǾ˰ɣ
Ǹ߷ڣǲ֪֮ǰҾǸҶǰҫҪжҪҰ϶Ǹ
ǰƢãǡ

̨µۣٻиǷ꣬ԹȻǸöٻһ۵֪輯ŵҵҲȥܹεģҪбˣôֵҶأ
Կίص֪һʼǺ輯ŵ˵˵İΪʮþˣ˭֪ӽҶУȴֳ⡣
ЦŵͱԼĨˣҿ˵ģ˲ΰɣܣܵ涼ûɣ
۾˳һۣؽ͵ôܵպóҲûа취ڵ绰ͷɶϵ˵ġ
ٻ˻ֵҲ˵ˣ輯ŵĸ߲ٻ֮ǰиϵìܣһǹǣܳԱŸҲ֮С
ٻ赭дĽ֮ǰʧ˳ȴǱտڲҶ顣ҲǸԣ˵ҶﲻУǾ룬ԼԭɲҲû̸ɹܶ׷ˣͱųŲˡ
Ŷԭô°ֲҶ
ߺߣܺ˵أάҶӣûܸղŽˣ輯ŵˣҶһȥˣ
ǣΪʲôҪάҶﰡ
⻹ôҶ˾ʵߵˣȻ׽
ֲô˵ԭ̫ƽ
ɲǣٺ٣˵ܻǸҶһأ
£

ٻһֿʼٻˮɨһȦŭһ˵ľ͸ҳȥ˵
źٻĻأһƬž
ʹ˽ҹ濪ʼᡣܣ̸̸ϸµĹͱµĹƻٻתͷԳȵ
ȵ˵ͷ漴˰ڻϵļУʼ˽ķԣλͬǣϺáϸ¡
顪
ϸµĹ׼ʼй㱨ֻ顱һҵĴűײ˿һӰſڡ
˼ܣܣλͬ£ҳٵˣҶֱƿ˻ҵĴţŲ˽
ⲻҶ𣿡

ʲôҪǲһСҷϵͷɾ͸ˡãûܺͳܶôҲڹ㱨е㼸䣬ôһ£Ҳһ⡣
˵ҲǣҶ̫ƻˡ
̫Ҫˣˣ
ڿҶһɲǣٻɫһ䡣µ۷׷ףٻסҶվסʲô
ᰡҶΧ˵˵ĺᣬźٻգգ۾
Ҷͬ־֪֪ǼӿʼģѾǾŵʮˣô˾һ˳ٵٵͳٵǸٵ˾͸ɴվ棬Ͳÿˣͷдϴ飡æǳ
ҶίصǣҲǹ˾Ա
ɫһ䣬æҶʹɫҶû׳ȵ˼ڿҶһɲǣһ˿˷ܵɣ漴źۼصܣܡʲôλʹ˾ҲãҶҲٻŵһӣȨҲμ顣
Ҷӯصллܣ˵̫ˣ
΢΢һЦаԵ⣬㿪һȻ޵ʱ˿ٻĿڳȵͣһ漴ߵĺһͶһۣ˶ԿԷЦ⡣
Ҷûвһ㣬˸λ
ٻɫһƬ̧ͷ˿ԱһϷ˷ɣвɰ̾Ҷƽʱͦôôһôˡüͷŵͬһҧҧεĺ촽ԥƬ̣Ҷ㻹ǳȥɣǽĻܽϸ¹˾ҵԼ¸µĹ𡣸ûжϵԲμ顣
Ҷ̧ͷʮ־ȵؿźٻôغܣ̫̫ܲϸҲ˹˾ۼƻҪ̸¸µĹĻҲȨϯϾһǹ˾ԱҲøҲһ񰡣
ҶôһٻɵóҶһۡɵװɵѵڱ𣿺ٻͻȻһֺɸֵĸоҶﲻԼġ
ȴпЦֹʲôǲͲ
һ棬æҶͱˡ㲿ʲô񰡣ǿóúÿûʲôˣȥɣ
ҶæôɣܣܲҺܻжԼأұμӣ
ҶĻ䣬һƬȻ
ҶǲպͿˣ
ǣⲻǵ͵İ͹ô
Ҷﻹǽúܺͳô˵أ
׷ѹˣӦǾ仰Ͳ
Ҷô˵ٻɫãðΣŵˣոѾ˵ˣֻǺ㿪ЦѣûбҪġ
ҲЦЦǰҶϵܣϸֻǺ㿪ЦûҪϡνҵרһҵǿ϶ģҲƽϵġ
ҶﾪȵصôУɷԳСһԼȳ׷Ըķģ
塪
ֿʼһƬ
ģûôġ
ΪҶʲô汾أû뵽ôһ廨ͷҲҺܽа塣
ݺ
ǰֱ
Ϸˣ
ҶĻش΢΢ЦŵȻ˵ҲͲǿˡҲΪѣǸɣõʱ˵ҼٴȱӰҶϵӺ󡣲ܹʳԶʰֻҪʦĻһǲܴӦġϾô˵棬һøӰ
ºЦһƬ
ȵɫһʵ̫ˡ˵ǱҶӣʵϲ˵ҶﲻԼҪԼսֱǲʧˣ֪˰ɣðɣ㣬ҵǸˣڽʦҶ䣡
ԺƷԷθ֮ԣҶ۾漴΢΢һЦƺΧ׷۵ͬµӰ죬ǴǣһӮ˵Ļ룬ҪӮ˵Ļһ᲻ǡ᲻Ҳڴǰѧأ뵽ҶæסͣԲ𣡶Բô˵ǲ̫һ㣿ѧͷ̫˰ɣϾģģҲעԼ󰡡ôҲٻŵ쵼
Եɫһ䣬۾ҶаЦʱ㻹ڴʴʣǲ֪ôдġҶϵˡҪӮ˵ĻҲΪѣ˵õģôôѧôһܷΣġֻǣܿϧϵܣοûˣû۸ˣ
ôҶٺһЦаЦ治֪˭ȴ˵̫ϧˡ


134 ʲôŽд
ǰ̫ϧˣҲ˵ͷûϵҶϵܣ㻹ᣬеǻᡣһεʧܲʲô輯űϾǸҵϾ㲻רҵģʧҲпԭ顣´Ŀһᣬʲô⣬Ҳ˽ҡұ֤֪޲޲϶ڵģ
Ե۽ǴżЦ⣬һص
ٻͳȽɫһٱ䣬ʵ̫һ㡣ٻ˿ҶȴƲӰһ㣬ȻЦвɵþһգһʱˣô˼Ҷˡ
ʱֵͬһһĺһֲͣ˲ͷϸܵĺ飬ЦŵȻҪҶϽŵԣŴܵǸˣܴǣҲֺֺԭˡûҲǿˡǺǡ
һȻЦɴʱĺٻͳֻڵЦݼֱһģѿ
Ҳ΢΢ЦǰǾͿɣʱˣ绹Ҫأ
ǰɣ
ӶȲˣ
ĥĥŮһֻ˵
ǵģûҷϣ
ٻһ䣬ɨһȦǼᣬɢˣҶ˽ºܵǸɣ
ôУһ͵ղҶϵܲ˵ҪԳŵô˽µǸǿԣⲻҶϵϹҲסôۻǱӰɷĹˡ
ٻаգȴҲ˵
µԱֿʼˡ
Ҷ㣡ôֻ֪Ů󣡡
Գа˵õĹǸأ
ʱ䰡
ǾͲͣһ⵽ǿỹϷ˾͸ҹȥٻʱŭˣһӣһᣬվ
ܷŭµְǶʱ˵ˡֿʼѻȸһʱаֲѣͺһͽһ񣬱˴еЦɼ
壡
ʱһƬžĻͻأһֻеĿⶼһ˲Ѱȥ
ֻںٻĹС˵Ŀɫһ죬ͳֻȻؿһۡһΪѵؿ˿ٻںٻͷʾ֮¡Сվ˵绰ȥ
˶ԣⲻֻһСҶûзϡе˶ڴҶľʺϷٻҲһԼüͷһںҶţǻʵ۲̫ࡣޣԼЩʲôأҲ̫ǡˣƾʲôǻʵۣҲô̫ء
ٻŭ˵ЩʲôͻȻ顱һҵһαײ˿
еĿⶼſڿȥʱվſڵĹСýԭһ˷ܵͻȻʲôˣ鿪ʼɬ
Żŵʲô飿ٻƳСһۣʵ
ٻѯʣСͺʧĲһһ˲еĹŶһ漴˷ܵصܣո̨绰˵輯ˣǩԼģ
ǩԼļвðһʺţֻǸʳҲֻǺٻȺ˶ѡͬȴĵ׵ʡ
ǩԼǩʲôԼ輯ŵбѾ𣿲ûٻŵ飬ڹǩԼǩʲôԼ
С֪ԼһûͷûԵĻȫ˾°˶ɻ⣬Ž͵輯ŵ˵ҶҶ̸˵İȫһ²ƷİװѽǧĴͬ
СĻδ䣬һƬȻ
ԵҲǡ⡱һ£һã⵽ô£̧ͷȥֻҶһƽû˿ϵһ
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ҶŴλվһЦŶԲܣǺ㱨ˣ㴦ҡ
ٻ˻֣Ȳ˵ǩԼ˵
輯źٻŵĴͷⵥһϵеĲƷ֮ײƷİװƺǹ˾Ĵ⣬Ҳѡǹ˾ṩһϵвƷİװҺͰ׺а̸˵ģ˵ý˾ǩԼû뵽ô͹ˣԲ̫ˣûü㱨㿼Ұɣ
㣬ðֱǸĺϢ˵в뵽ҲʼȻһƬ
輯ôһҲҶﻹء
ǰ˲죬ԭеסŽİ

вɰ̾û뵽Ҷﻹôһ֣ľȻ輯ŵĴҵƫƫҫţⲻǵŴԵôԿȥֻɫˢףҪѿжѿ
˵вһ˿ΣոջڳЦҶûãûǸҷϡȴû˼һôһڵԼء˵ͻȻһеĹҧˣҧ˵ĹСղԻĵûû뵽ûӣҶݺݵһǫ̛µѩӨʱҶԼ˵ģԸ˾Ӧúݺݵһơ
ʱԼ仰ʲô˼ΪҶӵģȴԼˡ
ǰֱǶ㿴ԣ黹ûжۣﴫͣ˵˲Ϊǣû뵽˼ҲĴ񰡡еĻҶһƽԭΪЩֻƤû뵽˼Ǹмڸ㶺Ƥӡ
мԣǲмߵ£͵ˡ֪ʲôŽĴ
ʱΪκѿĪԺͺһˡֻǧĿͶ䵽ԼϣΧĿͻȻըˣһһ˺ԼӣԼǰѹ˵Ų̊ҫĵƹ⣬һ˿һ߲ûˣֱ޲Ҹطȥ
Ժͺһ˵ʱ˵ľǺٻͳˡҲûô࣬ٻʱһӵȻ輯ŵĹˣôĻƵɣȥдͣҶ
ҶӦһȴٻȻҵ˾Ҳһ񣬶ԷģͺúǩͬһҪӸٻˡ
Ҷ΢΢Цŵܣ֤񣡡
ٻ˵ͷԳȵ˵ͷ˼̫ʱˣǸϽȥӭһ輯ŵĹͣܣҶ߰ɣ
ٻ˳ȥЦһںٻ뿪˻ҡҶﻹǲŲæվԼһϵûУ˸Ƶ׹˳ȥҲһۡ
뿪ֿʼЦ˵һƬӵ֮УԷ·˵ĳЦͳŪ
ڹ˾ְ˵ֻͼһ֡Ц˭Цأ˭ĺϷǺϷأû뵽־ҲҶ﷭̣˵ȥ϶һõ̸ʡԺٻŸ칫Ͼʱֶһ⡣
Уһʼ˵ҪѧôŴ֮˵һεġĻһӾʣӵп㡣뵽Цӵˡ
ЩУԵɫһٰס
ԻǲҪأСԱǵ̬Ⱦǽͷݣ紵˲͸ı˷򡣸ոջ̭ҶﲻҪھ͸Ļ˷
ǰ˵ݺҶأû뵽˼ҷ̣ӿˡ
˵˼ûʸͽܡҿ˼ֺͷʸûС
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԰Իװƣװ˰ɣ
˼ڸʲôĴ
һ˵Цһ߷׷ϯŻȥÿ뿪ʱ򶼳Կһֻۡö¡¡ƶ˼ֻĲӬһ裬ʲôҲˡΧˡ룬󣬾ǿӰһӰҴҡ
ͻȻֻоԴһƤһأžһ档
ܣܣû°ɣԵĺһȻҲâڱ͹尾һ㣬ôûжĹϵͦùֻǾõ˳ԼҶܺԼҲ˵ҪٻŻȥѾǧˡΪԼĲǶǵʱͻȻԵһͷϣæ˰ܻȥˣ
û뿪˷׷׻ͷſϵԣɵҡͷ̾Ϣ̿ˡɻ


135 ؼ
Ҷ£ٻִ輯ŵĺͬǩԼ֡
ડǩֱʵһ̣ҶѾ輯ŵĸ˵һ𡣶Էλȣ˧ʣ߹ܡ輯ŵĸܼ־Цŵ죡ѽҶϵᣬȴǲŻ簡ſĸˣûܣ֪ڹ˾ʲôְλ
ҶһЦλߣҳݡһ˾
ŶҶϵܿЦ˰ɣ־ɫŹֵؿҶһۣ΢ЦֿЦӯӯĳһۣźٻܣɾû˲˰
ٻݸһЦ˵ҶҵؼȻҲְҵ˾ڡ
־һЦûҶϵ㻹ôְλ˾汣ڣȫܿ
ȿЦŵܻü˽ҽиʦ⼸ְλɣ
ô˵Ҷϵ㻹λְŮܲõؼְ֣λ־ҡͷ̾Ϣôſ輯ûлڸǽǣڿٻãڲɿ
ЦܣǺܵ˵ǽţ᲻е̫˵
źܲģ־Ц
˵˵ЦЦٻѶǧĴ仧ٻţǴϲ֮ա⼸ҲһɨǱ־һȥԷԱߵľƵ궨һӣǢسһ١
ٻ˵輯ŵʴ󵥿֮ϲˡ֮ǰ˵ƻԺͺٻڣܲ輯ŵĵӣһĶûС˭֪һҲǰ˼£ôһҶȻ輯Ÿ
ٻŲνһԲᣬҵǱڵӰźŲĥӰ졣ܲܽڷɣͿһʵӵҵˡ
ڵڶĹ˾ϣٻص̸⣬˵ְһҪԴ輯ŵĵӡʱʱͬʱ۲ҵҲͣ˻ᣬٻŵƷƸȥ
һεĻ飬Ҷûμ⡣Ҳȱϯˣ˵ಡסҽԺȻļҽԺû֪Ҳû֪ͨκǰȥ̽ԺҶĶԼ飬кܶ˶ڴһϷ˶ڣҲֻա
ȻûзڽļһֱٻŵԱǲ෹˵̸ˡ
ºݿ£һ˹˾һεķƮƮҫܴྶͥٻŵĿҲǰȻ෴ʰԼļļ񣬴Ӻٻİ칫߳е˶֪ǰǸѾΪʷˡ
ԴְˡһҲסѹھʮˮ֮ҲԼȻٻݽԼĴְ롣ЩڴʱĺٻҶ˵޹ؽҪʱĺٻͷ۵һ顣
˵ǹƽģôҲ˵ǲ̵ġÿ춼౯ϵĹ·Ҫ˵Աٻⳡϵ˳˵ͥʵЩ硣
ΪģֻΪ̫̫յĲԽԽˡ
ǰӣִҪԺգ˵ͬ»ص˾Ժܾ˺ٻͬס󣬴˺ٻıķվһֻĴ㣬¶ĻصԼϳԸȥԼĶŮ
ֻû뵽ǣûã̫̫һʱһСĽŻˤ˵ϡͲȣֱøԶˡھֻγȥתתҶҲԴ޲ߡ
ʵյĲҲΡ޷ȥ­ڵѪѡѪһ취ѪͷĻҶ˵һ鷳ϾͷĽṹ̫ڸˣ벻ǲԣһҪʲôǾ鷳ˡϾҲһˣҶĲ
˵뱣סͷѪܺ񾭲˺ķƣҶԴ˵š
ֻһ谭ǱˣԼ
Ҳ֪˭˵ģԴ֪зԺվͬ⿪ʲôɣôο˵ջһһúٻҶ޴¿ڡ
źٻڽҽԺסԺС¥ǰĻ԰ɢģҶѰ˼β˵ǿ̫̫ͬ
еĻƻһƬֻ֣ҽԺƬ԰һ˿Եͩ°߲Ӱ鳲˷ƬǰݻƵҶƮ䣬ų衣еϿնȻ˼̻ѤöĿףһʵҹĻ١
Ŀߵƶ䣬һƬƬȾ˽ɫɸ̾ûСʱµָоˣ
һ˰ҶͺٻյĿǴȰҺְ־ڻƻʶģСϪϴ·гŽ׵ĳһȾЦЦҾ;˶ʧЦ档
˵Ĺ£Ҵṳ̂ĳУ˵ķ֣ôôҾûµĳɡֻǡյʼ
ٻæ裬˵ˡ㶼˵˲ô˵˵˵ˡ
ǰôȥˡĶԹԹҲͻˡû¶ֻһѡЦЦڻǻµĿµоôô¡ÿһÿһ綼ôٻٻˣֻһҪܲܰҵĹǻͻȥﳤģˣҲȥ
ٻ۽޶˵ʪˡ
裬Ϲ˵ʲôأһ᳤ġȽźˣؼתתҪҾӣǶסˡ
ЦŵٻٻܷŵĹ˾˵ְֱ룬ٻǿҿɲϣΪҷҵ
ٻæ˾Ѿˣгҿţʲôġ
ϾԼˣӦöһ۶֪֪֮ģ̾Ϣ
ٻ˼ãŵ裬ģ
յ˵ͷҲ˵ٻֵ裬ⲡǲΡҽ˵ˣָĸǰٷ֮ʮҶҲ˵ˣڣûʲôգʲôأ
ճĬΣŵ֪ΪҺãҲ֪ǲẦңǵĻֻһ롣ˣԽԽСˡھŶ꣬϶తһһ졣ܵÿҸǲǣ
Ļ䣬ٻ͵͵ֲ̧˲˿һԵҶȻߺһҸģֻ衣ͬ˵ҲһڶҳҲԲã˯Ҳ˯ã˶ûˡ
ȻЦ⺢ӣϹġҶ˵ûʲô£ǲܻҿҲͦõİ߾Ͳˣȥط˰
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׸˰ɣЦЦ
ٻæôأֻǿۡ裬͵ǣʹӦɣ
һγĬԶ޾ҹաΣŵҲǲԣǵȴӦһ顣
ʲô飿裬˵ֻҪܹģҶӦ㣡ٻ


136 ֻһϷ
ҶȰ˵
ŤӣεҶͺٻ
ʲô飿һһŮ˶ʱһ㶡ôһյų˶ɵóһٻǵɴ۾е㲻ŵؿա͵͵ҶһۣһҲ͵͵Լٻ޶˷Ƭϼߵƶ仹ҪѤ
ٻɵõͷص裬̸̫˰ɣһٶ漸꣡
źٻƤ߷ɬģҶҲһȡ飬Ҷ˵̫ãˣûһֱúٻЦͻȻ̸ۼ޵ʱĲһ˿ԥͻš
飡ƺǰҲô˵ءҶʼ룬ԺĻһһһݣתֻΪһεĺˮӿİֻʣ˻ĭһա
Īĳɬ飬һ׽Ĵʻ㡣ҡҡͷԺ˳ȥȴյѽѾͷһôʱ͸ְˡڵĺӹҲͬˣҲ㣬ɣ֮ǰ飬˫ҳȼ棬û£ȶ˻˵
ٻ촽ܾȴյҲ˵ʲôˣЭֻпˣҲŻͬ⶯ġ
˵ն̬ȼٻҶһۣ漴εЦЦ
ҽԺںٻҪ£Ҷźٻڽֱɢ
еҹǲ࣬ѵÿšŹҵ;õķչıãҹҲѵмǡҲ֪ķչʷĽ̬˻
ΪΪôЩѾõı˽ǷֻʫѣŹҵĽڱΪʵĻԽԽǲζδ罫ɻɫֱĸ硣һӰǰ㡭
ЩòƸĶҶﲻǣҲ뿼ǡΪеעһ˿ļβϵ̫߳ݣǼҵһһˮ֮еڡ
ֻһϷǲҲһԵסɫĻĻƮĻ˭ļ£һϷȴ᲻ö˵ԣɫƮС꣬׹˭Ρ
ٻغ߳ţ׸Ҷûˣȴ˻ζ
ǰֻһϷɲôٻпɬֻ˲˴˵Ĺϵ˵һһֱϷԼԼϱǺٻҲִܴȤóҶ⡣
Ҷ޵ͻȻƮ˼յƣλƵسԶȥٻ˲ҶҲȥſưɣ
źٻεҶʵڲľܾ˵ͷٻȸԾѣƽʱŮܲͻȻãСŮһȫȻûй˼һҶ֣Žֱߵĵ̯˹ȥ
ҪһƣΧĲƺϷŵȼ𣬿˸ٺɫâĿƽաٻ˫ֽգ۾
ò۾һ۳ԶȥĿƣŶҶ߰ɣǻȥɣ
ţҶ˵ͷһ˺ٻ֣ѵõǺٻֻƬ̣ûоܾ˻۵С֣ҶֻúٻǺ飬ҶԵزٻĵĽɬ
·ߵ޺罫˵Ӱϳ谵͵ĵƹ£ٻ·Ϳ˺ۣǰ͹̡ԸеһȴԵʮֵı׾
Ҷʹһ䣺ûģ
ٻһ㶣漴ŷӦ߳ŭҶ첲ϵ⣬ֱҶ亹ƳֻôĹӶҲδܵĿ̡
쵽ҵʱ򣬺ٻͻȻסֹͣǰҶﱻһΣæʵôˣ
ٻЩݵģβԥŵ㲻ҪˣĹϵˣŻᣬŻᣬŻᡭ
ҶݸһЦæģûж룡
ٻһ㶣ҶЦ⣬֪ŭͻȻͳУ࣬˼뵥࣡в˵һ˦ֽ˷䣬žһ˷š
ҶʱڵأĪŮʱ⡣һҶԿףϴ治֪룬޴ɹ顣
ڶһ磬Ҷ㷢ֺٻıֻظ֮ǰĸ䡣Ͷ䵽ҶϣֻƿƷһ㣬κεĸ顣
ҶȻϲǸСŮһÿɰĺٻܲ÷ĺٻҲѾϰˡųٻţڿ³ʱ򣬺ٻͻȻҶýСԣǻǵ˼
Ҷһ㶣漴˺ٻ˼յ˼Ҳ˵ҪѼҳռ棬Ȼڣɶʽ
ٻһأһϷģҲġȻҪĹ٣ȣ͵ѧᱣܡ˭͸¶
Ҷ˵ͷʣԼǻʲôꣿٻɱôߣֻһϷѡϷ𣿡
Ҷæ˵ͷʾףȴٻһмҪ󡣵һ׼뷨ڶ׼вͼ׼вͼ뷨
Ҷһ㶣æʵҪʲô𣿡
ٻһ۵ôࣿ˵仰ٻֻ춼ǿɬһ䣬ɵӣ۸Ů㻹ʲô
۸ŮˣҶﻹ۸ˡֻǺٻûʣҶҲش
źٻ߽˹˾ҶæʵϱϷǿԡֻһҲܷζǰǿԣأʱ˫ҳ棬зļҳ˭ݣʱҵ˭ݣ
ٻֻоģᶼҪˡȢҾôίôͲְֺ
Ҷ֪˭ҶЦһ
ٻͻȻز˵ˡҶһںģȻһᡣ˵Ȼͷתһž޲ı飬ֻһ䣺ҲЩԼ취ˡ
飬ֻһϷ˲ǵߣѾעаźõ飬Լֺαǿء
Ҷ˶õһڵļڡպٻķԸһе鰲źã˶ǮֱȻҶⷶΧڣһص㡣
뿪ٻţҶ￪ʼڽй˼βܰⳡϷݺáҪרҵģְҵľҶһðⳡϷˣܳκεһ˿
պٻķֹԼӦⳡϷĵݱǣٻⳡϷŮǼƬˡΪһݣȻЩУҶҲֻõһǵԱŮԱ⣬ҪһҪǣҲҶļҳ
治ңڴһҲ㣬ͺ°ϷˡҪһרҵģѶȾʹ˵Աø˵̨ȵðԼļͥϵȵȸˡ
һŪ߳ȴֻۣ˿òһ˿ɾ鷳ˡѶȲν
⻹治һɵĻҶһ˼һڽŲӡͻȻĵ绰
Ҷͳֻһǰ׺дĵ绰Դһκ輯ŵĺԺҶﵹǺͰ׺ϵñȽ϶࣬ʱӦԼȱʲôģ໥֮䵹ҲȽˡҲ֪绰ԼΪʲôҶ˼˵绰
绰Žͨ׺еʹ˹һ˿͸ɴ࣬׺ֱӵʵҶϵܰ
ôˣϸ磿ҺȲأҶȤʵ
һҪæ£Ȼ𣡡׺пżɽص˹㡣
ںӵڣųأҶӰ׺еоóеļ꣬ʱҲЦˣֱ˵˵
УǶţ׺дҴ˵һ䣬Ҳû飬͹Ҷ˵绰Ҷ״Ҳֻõԭء


137 һ濴
˲ãһɫİµͣҶԣԺ󣬳򿪣¶һӵӰ
ҶҶ𣿡Ҷ˵ͷ˾æкҶϳҲԣҶ͵ת˳ͷķʻȥ
ɫİµϳӵĳһ㣬ȥ˿Ӱ졣Ҷ̾˾ٺõĳҪ˺Ҳ޿κΡ
ȻܼҲûа취һɫµϳֻڰǰֻͣǳûͣȣֻгͻأڳһɫܳȫڹ·ˣһ󼲷һͳ˹ȥ
һʮٸһεһߣеĲҲգ
Ҷɫһ䣬һٸֻϥֻһۣҶжϳٸûʲô󰭣ֻһƤˡֻܵ˵㾪šҲʵڹ֣ܳһѳе쮳ʲôȫԣ
Ҷɫߵ˾׷ȥҽ
ڻǺƣ˾㶵
Ҷһһץ˾˼ʲôƵ˺ĳϣһƨɿ絽˼ʻϡţ׷ǰܳȥ
ڣղŵ飬ԭҪ·ͣһеľδƽڶǿֵϰǽٸΧҶ谭ش˺ơ
ʱȴ֪ڱ˵УҲΪ˸ոԼоʵʩߡҶţӵĳﴩĿλȸոյ˾ҪҶԼӵľֹŭ˾Ҷʻڽֵϲͣ󣬾Ǵָȥϸɳ˿谭ɵҶˡ
ڸոյܳûԶԷĳҶֻһҶ׷ϲܳӵĳҶﲻʱؿɫܳλã볬Ҷǰ֪ͼŷ̾Ͱѳبĳǰ档
һɫܳҲǰɫµϵͼɴͣӳһߴ˧īĿ꣬ҶĳһĮվҶĳǰ
Ҷҡ³һ룡û뵽Ǹˡ
Ǹٻͬѧ꺣ȪҶ΢΢һЦܣþòкָ̣
꺣ȪһҶɫͱѿ˰Σű˱̸ָϣϵҵĳ
ӴҶûֿأʲôʱĳⲻǶ߲ôɱᰡҶЦЦ
㡪꺣Ȫһ٣ҪŭȴͻȻʲôƵģУҽ£ƽϣ֮ĶԹԹԺеʱˣƣ
˵꺣Ȫ˷ӣҪϳȥҶﲻŲæغţ
꺣Ȫعͷüͷʵôˣ
ߣûôסҶ꺣Ȫ̬пԿóĵĽݸղŴƵʱͦбͰҵĳײȻͱˣ
ܣܱܲĥߴˣٵ㹦¾ˣµģʱҿҲ췦ɫܳĺӡһӣһŽ̿׼Ĺһ˿۾꺣ȪҶｻ̸üͷ
꺣Ȫɫãͷһۣ˵ͷ£ȨòЭʵ㵽ô
ôײ˼ҲǮôҶЦ
Ǻǣҵô£ԭǮǰɣҲֻôϢˡ꺣ȪЦһ˵ɣҪ٣
ҶҪ٣ҪǸײ˵ĹҪ٣
꺣Ȫüͷųϵ˺õǮǸùŮˣ͵ˣ˵תҶô˰ɣ
ҶҲش𣬿һСӴӺܳȳ汼ȥҶҡϳ˾ǲʲô£
˾˵ͷҶ˼ҾͷŹˡǱ
˾λãҶ꺣Ȫ˵һΪʲôżײˡſų˻ʻĳ֮С
һɫİµƫ˽еɵʻһȽƫƧС˳·һ·нһƬȺ˼ףһǰͣ
Ҷһ³㿴꺣Ȫɫܳͣ˱ǰ棬üͷûͨôһ¶Ϳ׺дһһŮӭ
Ҷϵܰô·϶µ
Ҷ˵ͷ׺æ죬죬죡ǿȥɣȻ˵
׺б߽߱ܣһһŮֱᣬǶãһҶԭеĿƺ˲ͱЩ
Ҳӣĸףүͻزպð׺ǼͣеҽҽԺר޲ߵǰ׺бƼҶôһλ֡
ֻ飬ƺڰ׺пʢ޵Ҷôһ˿ĻɡΪ׺еݣžܾ˼ҵĺ⣬ûб¶ҶﻹܹóǱеķܡ
ҶҽǰɣүӵĲҪ鷳ˡֻոȮһλҽٰүϡĻ˵ûе䵭ȴЩԱ⻹á
׺еЩ˼ˡ׻˵һ²ԼҶû뵽ԼһҽȴҶһߡԼⲻȥԴǸؿҶһۡҶﳯ׺΢΢һЦʮֵѡ
û˵üͷ̧ͷ¥үӵҿ˿վԵʮֵĽꡣ
ῴһۣɺȵ䣡㿴ʲôӣ˻ΪҪأҺúţ˼ҿ˵ЦⲻǻаܺҶҽأ
᲻˵ãһ˵Ƣǵ˵ըҩһ㣬˲䱬ըʲôҶҽ˵Сô
ɫһ䣬ǸسŰ׺пһֻۣɫҲʮѿɵñǸ˼ܣƢе㱩֣꣬˵ȴҲҶҲںĻҶıӡ
ô˶ʲôҽ˵ѧҽģƶûҵɣƲ˵ĵ
׺еɫԽԽѿɵóҶ￴һۣȴȻ΢ЦɫĻš
˵䣬û˵ưͣῴ׺еɫãɵõǳ
ô˵ˣ˵ҽҩ䶼ûУʲôҽҿǸƭӻ࣡ܣĺˡֻҲ֪ôƭˣȻǸҽǲҵĸ׵ģͱ˵ĵڶʲôʱˣҿûдôЩҡײƭĽʿ
εؿһŰ׺УǸص㿴ܣֵġҲǲλСֵܣֻȽΣҸĲҲʲô˺Сʵڵ鲻˵ܾ˵㣬
Ҷ΢΢һЦûϵҾ͵ѧϰѧϰɣһ濴𣡡


138 ۲ʶ
ʲô˼ģǻ治鷳㣡һë²Ρ治֪ôẰЩëͷСӹ
仰е԰׺е˼ˡǰ׺ٺãʱҲеˡҲȻǲӭǣǾ͸Ǻˣ
˵ﻰæŰ׺еƢ̫꣬ܶ
׺һȻǲҶϵܣҲǲҡطҲûʲôˣĺ⣬ȴĳ˵¿ηΣ
ǸǸʵڶԲסæʵСֵ̫ܳˣҽûװȻɫ۾ˣֻҸΣѣҵ̫ķա
ôһ˵仹⣬̼䡣ȴȵ䣬Ҫٺ˵͸ȥ
ᷢŭ㲻ԣһԣҲ׺кҶˡ
׺»Щŭ䲻ʶôһƬⲻˣǵƬƬ˺泰ʵߡ
ҶϵܵҽɲҴģǰЩҼҹŮ־ġʱ֢ڴֱݿˡҶϵܣĽ͵ҽԺְס˲顣ҽԺԼר˵и˳֣Ͳˡ׺һ߻䣬һ߳˵һյĻȻֻƽƽ˵ܹó׺еĺ¡
⡪׺ô˵Щԥ֪׺д˵ΪˣΪ輯ôһŹ˾ĵһعˣǾԲмڿƭ˵ġȻҶƳ磬Ǿ˵ǰҶСӿ϶سڡ
ΪһˣƵҪҶԼĸ׿ڸ׵ĲȻ޲ߣһܶһηѻ˵̫µʵڲÿڡ
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ಽظһˣҲһĽ꺣Ȫɡ
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ҽôҼүӵΣȵ˹ҽߣ㽹ʵ
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ôأԲŵ૵Ǳǧشؿڣţţţ
һ֮Ȼгأϻ򶨵صˣҽȵ裬Ϣһ¡
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ҡҡͷ˭֪ΰҽͷ㶼˾ϣ¼Ҹһİȥˣ
ΰҽЦĪô˵˵ֻ˽Уܹϣ
ͻȻ˼ֹʣˮץסһݡ磬绰ԣܲܰѻ
˵ͷһᰲŵģȥɣ
ΰһ˱أٴСҲֻ˼Ҽ£Ǳظȥ˽ΰߣص꺣ȪŷڿɳеغŲˮҶ
Ҷôˣ꺣Ȫɫһ䣬ָҶʵĪ㻹ң
һ꺣ȪʶҶüͷͻȻ΢΢չһ㣬ѵСӻˢӣԼĶԼཻ֪㣬ʶĶЩĸ߲ʿȻʶҶ˰׺еƼǾ֤˹治򵥣ܹүӿء
˵ҽΪŮᣬϸΣ֮ʣ֮ǰһʱ䶼ɢˣֻʣһ˿˿ǡĵ׶Ȼһ˿ϣе֤ȪʶҶҽ
ʲôҶҽ꺣ȪȻѣָҶ￪ʵҽʲôҽ
԰æǰָ֣ͨҽ㲻ʶҶҽô
꺣ȪͻȻЦһмؿҶһۣ֣˵ǲǼͿˣʲôҽһС˾ѣ
ʲô᲻ŵؿ˿Ҷֿ˿꺣ȪĿͶ䵽˰׺еϡ
䡰ߺߡЦЦҾ˵һ֪ǸʿҲ֪ôƭ˰ŰܵҪҡײƭˣֻϧǲ˰ɣ
ҶɵغŲˮĬǰһоͺһϷһԼֻһˣôԼҲӰ죬ԼҲٿ⡣ҪҪˣȫԼ顣
׺еɫʮѿˣҶԼģ˶ԴҶҲ൱˴ؿһۣϵܣҶڵְҵ˾벻Ҫ۸ߵ͡˵˸䣬Ǵɫ۾ˣܶණûа취ģ
ɫЩԥȴ꺣ȪЦŵ仰˵һλ΢˾һָ֣⻰˵ȥ˭ţҲʲôϵ쵱棬Ҳֻܲݣһ˾ٻŵĺٻ˾
ԼĶ꺣Ȫ˵аۣҲ֣ϴżŭض԰׺еܣ㿴ֵáҲԹ㣬ֻǽ鷱ӡҵϺϵܲ뵽үӡдܵĵطĲ˵´пȲ衣
ĻѾ˵úˣ˲Ϳͣڸϰ׺кҶء׺лվһ۵ҶˣҲգ߶ˣ˵תҶҶϵܣ˼캦һˣ鷳ˡ
ҶһЦνصûϵȻ˼ҲӭǻǸϿ뿪ɣ˼һ׼ɥءǾͲˡ
˵վŰ׺о׼뿪
ҶĻ˵ͺñصһɫ˲꺣ȪıҲŭ壬ǺغСӣ˵ʲôأǼҲ׼ɥأ˵ŶŰ׺еܣʲô˹ҸƽҲ㲻ôһƭӣǲǴǵģ
ǹҧʶġ׺бĮغһ
׺ʱ˻ҪάҶ᲻ɵԹܣ״硣ҽһ㣬ҿڼҸĲҲǳʲôĿģҲãıҲգĳڴлĺ⣬һҲ˵ˡᣬǾԲһ˾Ҹ׿ģ
ãããǺáı԰ɣ׺ЦһͶ࣬ȻˣǸǱǣ
׺һҶ߳ҵı
ţ꺣ȪͻȻʲôƵģָ˳ָҶҶղ·ٰңǲǾΪҵʱ䣬үүĲ飿
ҶЦЦ꺣Ȫָ꺣Ȫϼ׷ҶðѹҪүүǲִ㣬ĿΪүүأ
꺣ȪĻɫɵͬʱһ䣬һͶ䵽˰׺еϣԹ޵һܣȻֶΰ
Ϊ˱ҶԲԣҴٻţ꺣ȪЦһƿҶıһ㡣Ҳͨ˰ܵĹϵҸ㣬Ҷһүүʲô飬Һû꣡


139 ɻ
뿪ұںɫµϳϡ׺еɫʮѿĺؽҶ˿ȴû뵽⵽һ裬Ҷ׺елм֮ġ
û뵽˲˰ˡҵѵ첻飬ҲˡֻǣԲסҶϵܰ׺̾Ϣŵ
ҶҡҡͷЦ˵ϸˡ׻˵̿ˡɻ֣Ϊ˶һǻ˶Ī
׺йЦҾ͵ѭˣҲΪϵܺúóһڶֻǿүӣҲ֪ԸԸִˡ
Ҷûлش𡣰׺еһκҶϵһˣϸȲȥǡ
ҶЦҾ͹ˡ
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һڰ׺еָʾ£µϳһҲ¥Աߡ׺Ҷ˲¥Ҫ˸£һ񻣬毺õŮʦ
ڵĲУ׺ҶԶƷģҲʹ졣ֻǲ֪ǣ뿪Ժȴ˽ʹС
Ľܣֻү˼ڲ鿴үӵĲԺ󣬻Ĭ˰ΣŵѣԴϷҲе޲߰
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ֹ̫۵Ļشвɱɫ֮æʵʻҸеþ𣿡
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һϲæеþȾͺãеþȾͺãʻҪһЩʲôҩƷȥ׼
ҡҡͷ̾ϢҩʲôĵΣؼҪҵڼĸ֣
𣿡磬æʵ
ЦһҪǻڼ룬Ҳ˵ѡˡ˵ˣͷһ˰ʮ꣬ڼĸֻּһУҿ»ΪżصνڼֻǴ˵ѡ
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ҡҡͷҲ˵ʶˡֻǼѣһʮСӣŶˣʽҽԺĺԺӦûʶǸСӣֻ˼ڲڽԸԸҾͲ˵ˡܰС㸸׵Ǳסˡ
ĻʮֳصظҽԺĺ˸绰ڻûʧУ绰ͷ˺ԺιãǺ˭
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ⶼЩʲô鰡ңкڲԼЩʲô飿˼Ұ׺кĺүӵΨһ͵ԼǰȴԼ˻ˡˣԼ侮ʯĳЦɶԷǺð
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㻹˵Ҫ㣬ôҹӲ𣿡ᱩףյĺ粻֪ĸ깡
Թصһۣ磡Ƿʲô裡úõģѵӸû㣡
ûңЦһžһϡ
磡ˣͨӣе
㣡Ҹ˵䣬ҪͷӰȥ㺦ģ
˵Щʲôʲôϵίس
ʲôϵҸ㣡Ǹǿ˵Ļڼĸ֣Ҷ
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ĸҶһƬ䣬Ǹղڽ˼ҸϳŵҶǵƲˣ˵˼ǽƭӵҶǸոհ׺кò뵽Ǽңȴ˼ұĵҶ˵ĸҶ
Ҷ꺣ȪҲںϵʹˣɴ۾أԲŵ૵Ǹҽ
ҲˣתҲ̫Ϸ˰ɣŲŽ˼ڵظϳ˼ţȴ֪˼Լүһ
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ʲôޣүӻûأ˵ת꺣ȪŭӣҪ㣬˼ôḺ뿪Ҫ㣬˼ô᲻Ըүӳ֣
꺣Ȫί֣˼ҸܵİɣҲ˵үӿİɣ
ҡŭȻ߸߾֣Ҫ꺣ȪһƣȴȻطε̾Ϣһ


140 Ǵ
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ҵүƽҲԼҲûҪʱ򻹶żӣЦǳŵҿɲ㱣֤ʲôǸոյĻʵ̫ˡҲ⣬Ҳ˼Ҷϵܲ⡣
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ҧҧҶҽֻҪԸȥҼҸһױ
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ҵĵֱʲôʿƭӡʲôӳӵģ֣ץɾ͵òʧˣҶҡҡͷ


141 Ҿһɵ
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ҶŵðɣȻ״綼ΪˣϣһȥүӿɣǿҪԣһҿɲΪǵĵǸ˵ǳӷӶѡȥүӿģֻΪβһҽְ
ҶЦЦһŲ¥˳ȥ
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ɱ˺;ʵһɱ֮ˣʹϵٺãҲʹɱ֡þ֮ˣʹìأҲ˶ֲˡ
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֪ˣֺαصأүӵĲԱߣ˰׺˵еۺЦɵ̾Ϣ
ҶһұʱѵȺʱĻƽӭ˹үӵĲҶһ֮ŶƷ
Ҷ֮£˶ҩƺүӻԲѵ״̬˹һĻغʱᡢԼ꺣Ȫɵϲ
ڼ벻ڼ룡ĵ̾񹤵ļɵµһ뷨ĳƺţ
Ҷ΢΢ЦЦǫصҪƷûһ׵ҩƣҲѴﵽЧ
ҾͲػ๧άˣЦСֵ⣬лᣬҪֽֽ̡
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ֵʱǶݵģںͻһ֮үӵĲҲҩȶԺֻҪӵ󰭡ҶԼ˸֮ҶҲ뿪ҵı
һ䵹ĳҶл
ҶҽһǶ㡣дǰӣϸʩ룡ŵֻشݶһһֱĵ׵ġҶ뿪ʱ򣬳Ͽҵظп
ǰҶҽ֮ǰЩƾʲôҪëͷСӵǸ񿴵һ֣ǳ׷ˡҽҶûþˣһҸͳ˹Ժǵøĵ۵ëǰˣڵ˶򵥰Ҳһڲģ
Ҷ΢΢ЦЦûнӻῴ˿꺣Ȫæ꺣ȪҶ˵лл
꺣Ȫ鲻Ը˹ҶлҶҲǷĵģ꺣ȪĶԹѾãҲָ˶ԼìܣͬˣҶҲûԭ
꺣ȪǸԲԵģ֣ȴҲõְԼĶӡ֪Ҷ˲ܵϾ˭Ҳסһ޲֡ҽͺñǵôһֶ޲ָϵĻᣬôܴء
ҶҽΪ˸лĿԱ˱񣬻Ҫƴǡ˵ݹһſƬһԿ׵⣬Ѿȥᳵˣ죬¿ıʱܳͻ͵šУǽнһ׽ǰЩһ˸ҵġװһ£ûס£
ҶЦЦؿһۣҲֱӽԿ׺п˶д󶨣תŰ׺Ц״簡үߵ鰲ˣһԵŵлͲˣ
׺йЦϵҿֻҪԺҪ֮ǰҾˣ
׺ô˵ˣæ״˵Цˣ֮ǰ鶼õĲԡҲ֪˵Ƣ㲻Ҫϣ
׺йһЦǾҪıˣ
һڣȤаڼҡ绰ңһúñָô
׺һ£æӴҿɵ𡣡
˲ɹЦ

뿪ҵıҶܾ˰׺ȥҳԷ룬ڽеһֵ˰׺еĺɫµϡһ˿ʼй
Ҷ鿴пһҡ⵹ʲôһһױ˵һֻëëѡοҲƴ֣ͲںЩСǮ
ҹĽеƻɣҶŹţ˺ٻԼϷɵһͷۡ
ȥԼһסأҶĿڽѲšʳһ֣С̯СʼһĹըӡտ̯ӡɫС԰˽ͷǳһڵ
ҶµؿȺͻȻСӵĽ̸ע⡣СкɿرһֺĻͷԵİһű飬һ߶Եĸ߸Ск͸磬ҵҵûдãʦҽмҳðҵļҳȥӦһ°ô
ҶﲻɵûһЦʱļ׷ӿͷԼСʱƤݸ
͸硱Скҧе⴮ϵɵôʦ˵˵֣ʦ𣿡
˵Ǹ£ҳǼĳҪϰְֶӡСһмص
ŶҳǼĳôû뵽أҶһĴȣʱ⡣ԼȥԼһϰ֣ôû뵽Լһأ
׻˵ΪҲǳһͺñܶˣ겻Լ˽ⲻСʱסأڲͬѧУһѧʱʶҲ״
ңɫݼҪҲȸסֻҪԺôʣų˲ӡҶе⣬ǰȥǸֶСкԴһ
ӾУҶ˸߲ҵתȥðΣСкŻعֶʵ͸磬˸òǸӰɣ
ҿһɵӣ͸߸к
Ϊʲôֶɻʵ
͸شû˵ʲôȻ˵Цˣ
ȥģ̸ֶһӵϱ͸һ߹ȥ͸һ㣬ЦţͳԶȥ


142 ж
ҶﵱȻ֪̾ȻСѧˡȻҲˣĻϲĴŵ绰
Ѿ˼ҳĽɫɸ׽ΪֳҶѾĵΪԼѡһѡǱˣŵζ³ϧʱ
ϧʱֳмƣһϧʱԼܴˣԼĺܶ಻˵鶼һôһɫ˺ܶ鷳ϾٻҪǾԵıܡ¾ϧʱһҲһεĺô
ڶϧʱʾѣҪ˵ԼֳԼô˧ʣܲ㵽һؤðԼĸɣҲ˵ȥϹµı
ϧʱΪŵĶ³պÿԲ֮ǰҶǰ˵ԼŵܲõĻԡ
ۺʵû˱ϧʱҶĸˡ
绰ͨϧʱǱߴ
ιãϧʱλΪŵĶ³˽˵绰ûйģֻԼЩϵĴŹ˾ܲŻ֪
ֻϵİ룬ϧʱüͷѡ˽ͨ
Ӵܲ÷ͦϤģҶٺһЦȤ
İϤϧʱвɵһϲŵ㲻ȷʵϰ壿
šҶӦһҲϧʱĦԼ绰ʱ䣬żɽʵϧʱûʱ䣿
УУУϰټҾʺﵽƨۣҲĸȥϧʱæЦŵ
ҶЦŵСӵ˼µĶ³˵ԽԽˣϻˣʱĻһԸ
ϧʱæӦһҶڵλáʮӣһɫıϢͣҶǰҶ򿪳˽ȥʻʳһ֡
ϰôˣųϧʱһϲʵ
ҶЦ㻹ˣⶭ³Ҳ̫˰ɣ
ⲻǹôϧʱæ
ҶƳһۣЦŵģ鹤ģ
ϧʱһƵģؿڵҾͷˡ
Ҷ³ͷҲҪ㱨ô
ϧʱæԹǿɲСôһϰ壬˵ԱԶٷοοһ£ҪԱԷô£
ҶٺЦͲֺһϰ𣿡
ϧʱҲǻЦһǾͲˣѾǼŹ˾ͷˡֺҲܸ١
ҿԸнҶ
ϧʱֽһ´ȣѽôû뵽أ˿ˣ

ϧʱûаͰʲôߵĲֻһҺͨ˹ݣҪһᡣһӼһˮͷһũСһСӰҪһ򵥵Ĳһټƿơƣ˱߳Աߺȱ
ʵҵϲּҳˣܰϧʱһ߳ŲˣһߵֻǳԶ˾ϯҪع鵽򵥵ˡ
ҶٺЦи󲡣
ܰɣϧʱʼ磬Ц˵ϰ壬пҲøҷŸ٣ҳȥʿһӵ˦ƹ񣬰ʲô鶼ѹϣҲȥͶָ㡣
ҶӵǺãҸһµļڡѹһ£¾ͲҪȥ˾ˡ
ģϧʱʱ£æ̫ˡھʹ绰ϰģڹ˾Ѿ죬һ³ʲôӡҵѵмڣҵúúðг̣ȥȽϺʣ
ҶٺЦȱ𼱣һû˵ءҪȥεҪˣ
ϧʱɫһ壬æʵѵбҪң
¶ˣҶٺһЦ֧ӣյϧʱǰһϷݸжô
ϧʱһ㶣ʱЦõʵϰ壬ⲻˣֲԱҪϷԱȥʲôã
˵ҶɤӣҪϧʱúý͡ͻȻءһűײ˿Ҷæ̻˶̧ͷȥֻһŮ˻Żŵ˽žһֽŹ߶µضź
ϧʱͷһֻۡŮ˴ĵһߵĴӱ¶˿ߵ¡ͷЩңŻţ񾪻дŵʲôֲܿһ
ʲôģϧʱɫ˲Լò׺ϰһηȴͻȻһİˣӰԼԷûϵһϰ巢ԼϹҲס
ŮӻͷһƲŷҶϧʱһʱЩš·һĶˣһ
Ҷ´Ůһֻ񻣬ϸȡȻҵķ˿һ֣ȴҲǶĿĹʡŮӵ۾ǳ󣬴ʱȴ;ֵɫҶ˲жϣŮһʲôΣգŻŲ·Լİ
ֻǣʲôΣգ㲻տĹܣȴôһͬҪͶ·ˣã˵ǣҶ
ţҶµʵʲôҪǰæ𣿡ϧʱҶûзŭһͬʱҲɶŮһȤҲҶĻʵڶʲô𣿷ʲô飿
Ůҧ촽ֹҡҡͷû˵
ʱ飡飡飡ŮһһֻܾС¹һغˣһͳź浹ȥҶۼֿ죬æס
Ůӹ˲ɬʧǿ־塣æһлҪҶǵӵꡣҶЦһѷ£ڣ
Ҷ˫򶨵ӣǿ嫺һͫףŮӵĪذһᣬ˵ͷͻȻʲôƵģ϶ȻƬϼҶŷԭŮ䲢ʮֻ߰꣬ǻ˵ױŸ߸Ь˿࣬ԵñȽϳ졣
ˣˣˣң洫һӸ߿ĺٲҾ
ϧʱüͷҶȥţҶ˵ͷŮһһ˿ţסҶ·ƴҡԴ˵𣡲Ҫš
ֻǻûȵϧʱŴ򿪣ֻءһŮ˵İ᷿ţһ˿һװ͹зֵ˽
ϧʱҶֱͶ䵽Ůϡ
գҳȵ
ҲҾͲŮһӣԵصֻһԼᶨĻأҲɸһȻǺ
Ӵǣ㻹еô˵ˣӲǲǣӳɤӺͷϵ¶ߣӣҪȥץǸյŮ
ϧʱæְѣʲô컯֮£ǿŮɣ
һ㶣û뵽ðһµˡ
ޣһڵǿŮͷӢ۾ǰɣӾ翴˰ɣã磡
ϧʱſ˫ֶʱͺʲôסһ㡣ԭ˼ҵļ£ϧʱʱжξжΣųͷû뵽ʦδݾǾ仰Ӣ۱ͲǿϣҲûûᰡ
ϧʱæ˫֣˼˼ˣˣ
񾭲Ӷϧʱһۣȥ


143 ֻ
һֱߵҶߣյСŮҶ󲻿ϳǱȵգ㲻ҪҶ֣ߣ
ջҵҡҡͷеҲŲҪߣ
ŭƳҶһ۵ǣã
ĻأҶֻñ·ճøˣܹоСһĵĻֲ̿
ǰɣȻԸߣֺαǿأҶ΢Цŵ
һҪ£Ǽҵ飡ܵţ
Ҳ֪ͻȻҶıӳͷŵǻ㲻ˣޣͲҵ׸磡
ɫһ䣬ҶﵲգŭⲻɶֹˢˢӾҪקҶҶôקסһšһƣͰƵڵء
ӴڵϵˤƨɣվŭȵʲôǲǣҪ¶ԲԣҸ㣬Щ鲻ùܵľͲҪܣøԼϲҪ鷳
ҶٺһЦ˻治鷳鷳׶ڳǺúñȻȻ
Цһ֪Ҹղź˭һԷôֵ̽ɳҪҶ֣С㿽ˣ
Ҷӵȶְɣ
ЦҶֵģҺ˵ܵСҸܣ
ҶаЦᳶƤνҲԸѰɡҪôͺ˰ԼץˣõôһٶвԼô
Ҷ﷢ЦŭˣЦʲô
ҶʼԲ̲סЦˣЦҲĻϿ캰Ǹɣ˵Цˣ̷вУ
㡪ռȴҲ֪Լǰ˵Ķ֣ٶ֡ǱյգһͰһвУ
͵ҡԴǲ˹һ֪ʱۿӯӯǵ⣬ʵصһΣһȫˣ
ôȫأȰҪгԣҪдܱѧУ̲˺ðɣȽҲˣҪѧ۰㲻Ϊ룬ҲҪ۰밡
ޣһڣŵ˵úΪҲ֪˼ͽǸһ˽ӪҵôҪֵԼͬõ°Ҹ
һ˵࣬æѾͷôôʶأҲΪðʲôãǵôµСְԱ˵ӦˣİҰһλÿǷļϣɰôͲ֪أ
ţϧʱɫɵһʵŵģ
ϧʱʻɵ̧̧ͷ­ǿ׳صţôˣĽ
ŵĸŵģϧʱɫãɵʵ
ܵ𣿡˼
ڴʱԱߴһŲһŴӣģһվſʵСûͨõ˼빤𣿼ȻҾˣε㶨˵ɣ
һȫشһǱֱͻȻعת߼ӵߣӴ㾡ܷģõȵ죬Ҿʹúøѧϰѧϰ
ţ˵ͷ˶࣬ˣ㴦ã
æϣߡұ֤񣡡
ŵһ¶һοЦݣļСҺܿŶ
תߣʱֻϧʱЦһӴļӻǴ󰡣
ŭػعͷüͷȵܵţʲôʶ𣿡δ䣬ֻһЦӯӯӳԼǰ
ʵ̫Ϥˣÿι˾ĸ߲飬һգգضͺԼһ˿һÿοԼЦܾһֹҲرº飬ҲҪ˷ܵһʱ䣬ԼǲԵͬߡֱˮաŴǸͷԭԼˣ
ˣҲر뽫СѾͷС˼˵ԺЩССݣСﵹҲ֪ȤͰôһϯֻˬǣСѾͷӻңͬ⡣
ֻŴζô
ҡҡͷɢеͷǰƺƵĹƵЦݣôȴһĪѹֻû¶Ȼˣ乵亹Ҳǧëһð˳
ԭͲ۾ɳһԲеĲеŭˣôˣʱֻʱԼˣЩ쵼Լ͵Сϡʿ䣬Ϊ쵼𣬳ǰǡ
Ϊʤҿڣ
еͷһϧʱǣʶʲô
ĺǳҲ˼лعǸŵòһģԭͦõһСӣȴôô˳ۡпһ£æһƺͷϣʲô
ҡͷڴԼˣѵ˵ԼǰӦöֱ֣Լķͷԣһġ
ʱֻǱͶСӹԼǰˡֻЦţǰδе춭֪ҲԷˣߣ
죬죬춭
գ۾ûӦ죬λ߹٣ٶǡ˻ͻȻ۾ڹ˾ӡֲϼǸˡϧʱ춭³
ˣԼոն춭˵ЩʲôԼָı˵ʲôǰ񾭲ˣˣˣˣԼְнӭȢ׸˭뵽Ȼ˹˾ϴݺòйϵүүĹҪˣ
ֻתһʱʲôҲ壬Ҳˣ˺Ĳ֪Щʲô
ϧʱʱɲῼСְԱЩʲôԼǰͷϧʱЦһô簡䡣һССĲžͿʼǱˣϧʱʵһ仰û˵ôӶûǱһССľߵҵǰˣ
ͷøˣæᰡ춭ȫһᣡֻ룬ҸͥʦСòϰһ£һѧϰ
ƭˣյɴˮ۾ĺһšʱ򿴵ͻȻתҲˣɿҶ·ʹ˳ָƭˣղŻҶֶŵţ
ϧʱЦһϰΣϰεģҽͽͰɣ
䶼޳ˣʱԴһ裬Īؼһɣֻǣֻһ壡


144 ͵Ƭ
ôһڣҶҲû˳Է˼ϧʱѵһ֮Ҳ뿪˷ꡣ
ϧʱȻûôͷ䣬һ롣۸͸绰ۿԼϧʱôһ֦ȻҲϡȥͽˡҲԸΪԼĸн߸Ĺȥðϧʱ
ϧʱ˲źۼĴʽҶе⡣ϿǷŹ󻵵ʵȴһֱյķʽϾΪһŹ˾ܣϧʱʱʱ̶֪̿յһ˱˾ǱΪ֮»һʲô
ǲźۼض˾һֱǵְλֻκúñ֣Լǰʧ˵ӻͷӴ˸Ĺ£úˡȻϧʱʲôû˵Ҷ֪ѾͷӦҲˡֻСѾͷеѺȴǶʱ޷ǺϵĴڡ
ϧʱıϣϧʱǰδɵĻ⣬Ǳϰ壬˵õķһµļ٣ҪȥʲôϷ֪֪Ѿڴ˶ȥУ
ҶЦŵʲô˼ұ֤и˼
ϧʱư͵ҲаûԹеġ֮ǰصѧҵƣĹʱ䣬ǸöռؼΪ㡣ʱ䳤ˣլڼˣȻȻһĽơϤĵطѾû˾ϲ˼Ȳ뵽ȥ
ҶٺЦˣٸһµļڣô
ϧʱ˲˾ֱͦʵãϰԸɣҪʲôƬǰƬ
ҶҡҡͷǣһΣҪҸ磡ôɫǲǺսѶȣ
ϧʱͷ룬ʵϰɩ˭
ȥģҶЦһŽԭίһ顣Ժϧʱʱ£æʵҲ˵ҪҼٰĸȥĸ棬Ȼ˫ʲôʱ򶩻飬ʲôʱĽ飿
ԣѶ𣿡Ҷʵ
ϧʱҡҡͷѶȵǺܴ󣬵ϰ壬ʲôʱ򶩻Ժǲǻüٰһʽ
ҶȻص˵ͷ
ϧʱüͷʵⲻƭ𣿡
ɲΪ̫̫ģȻ϶Ҷ˵ͷ
ϧʱŻȻصõģϰ壬ˣ֤񡣡
Ҷ͵˺ٻıߣϧʱųȥԱŶʽ鶼ϧʱæҶֻûɡԼһ쵼ߣֻҪڴ߾ͿˣЩС鶼Խȥ
ٻԼڵļ٣øأ⼸²ݣͻȻ֮䲻֪ȥδˡ
ҶҲֻ룬еӲԼǰôôͻȻ֮û鷴ֲӦˡ
صٻô˼˯ڷĤҶ˸кط˯ȴٻҶֻûзԡ档
ҶӦһʵϱô鵽¥ϴˣƽ㲻Լϴô
ٻһ۵㰭£ʲôʱȥסȻϴϴ衣
Ҷæίصϱô˵Ҳ̫˰ɣʵԵҵϴģҲġ
ٻæ˵ʲô
ҶٺһЦԡȥÿ춺һٻı޹Ρű˻֣΢ŭҶһ泩
ԡҶﱾӦûŵŮ˵±۸ɣϧȫٻʰɾˣûκ淢ֵҶֻԡҵıڹҵ˺ٻֻ
ʧҶ̾ϢһֻٻȥһߣҶһƽ˺ٻֻᣬһűзճҶǰ
Ҷ۾һŻɳϷĤ־ĺٻͣ˽ŲŵذһԡԱߣζһźٻɳϣӦǸϴ裬ԡƬ
Ƭеĺٻֻ¶СɵıӺͽ۵ĺ촽°ļɵԡ棬һ԰˵ɽ壬ܿϧǣڹߵԭƬֻһ˻ζ޵ĺڶֱȣĴȹ⻬ûһ覴ãҶﲻԾ˿ĭĻһƬֻϡ
ʱ򣬵˺ܾҲûҶﶯĺٻɺҶҵҵֻû
ȵȣҶæһأûأ
ȥڹ￴ûСٻæҼǵҺǷڱڹİ
õģȥҶӦһ·ֻƬ
һƬӦǺٻԼĵġվڴǰ͸ϣѤóٺɫĹʡӣַ͡Сǰ棬ĶָԵرĿɰ
ֱվһ黨ȹյûдκ·ӦֻƬķΧֻ°ֻ첲µԲİ壬黨ȹϺɫĲϵסʣµİ塣ѩ׻İһмγһŧXΣʤա
ҶٴλƬֻƬ࣬ȴǾƷкٻŸ·գҲиƵգʿװԡҵľĵĺɫƬŤزڴϳͷĵƬ
ˣҪͣҶͻȻðһͷǺͳԼֻ׼ƬԼֻϡ
ǲǺܺÿҶʱͻأأһӱҶعͷȥֻٻ˫۱أվԼ
ʲôܺÿŶǰֻͦÿģ¸·ʣҲȥһҶæװɵ㶵صĵװǲǰݵ̫ˣĶôˣٻߵԼ˶ûз֡УԼҲ̫ˣͼƬ͸סˣ̫ӦˣҶаѣԺǵöֻ򻨴йܹͳҵı°»Ҿ͵ϵ¼Ӱúö־
ٻһ˭ֻˣô͵ҳϰ
͵ҶԴЩʵû͵ǿƬѣҲ͵𣿡
ߣٻһѽԼֻҶ˹ص˵㣡
ҶڨڨЦЦһתյ˺ٻĸǰϱҿɲҪ͵ġֻǾõĶӦ÷һ¡ĵǸ͵ΪǲԵģұϹ̿֯룬ҪΪǴ𣡡
ģٻҶһۣתȥ߱ߵҪ룬ǴǴ𡣵Ҹ㣬Ժٷ͵ҵĻҾͷ㣬㡪
Ҷæʣʲô
ٻ˶٣ٴδƮ˳ȴͷҲûأӦһ飡
ҲͷҶӦ㣡Ҷص
ٻӰһ٣ȴûҶţţš¥žһ˷š


145 ˶һ
ڶ磬绰ҶҶ׼ıʱѾ͵ٻšѾգһе֤ϰҶͣظϵ˹˾õԿףűʱոµĳҶﲻص˵ͷ
պó򷹵ĳײóҶɿЦʵӴҶ³
ҶЦ͵ģ
Ŷϳܶð³ٻһһʱݣ໥ˣϹǵ۾أ
Ҷ΢΢ЦЦûн͡ȲУ³ͣҳԷô
Ҷ˵ͷû⡣ܼȻˣﻹҾܾ
ʶ࣡ȵЦЦָָٻʵһ߰ɣ
Ҷҡҡͷˣе飬ͺڵļ١
ŶǺðɣϼȺҶָԼһԷҶ㿪ųй˵й䣬ʵҶԳܡÿһְͨ˾ԲͬĳҪһϤĹ̡Գķ䡢١ɲת򡢴ȶԵȵȶҪһ˽⡣
һ磬ȵĵ绰ڴ˹ǣҶ㿪űʱݵٻŽȽԺ󣬱ԼѾ˲͵ĵطʻȥ
ֻһͨСݣ򵥵ļҳˡըýƵ㣬гɴƬţ⣬ȴ˴áΪͷԷǰ㷢̧ͷҶ֪εķ̫ҿζˡҺþûгԵôʹˣлл㰡Ҷ
ҶٺЦŵϲͺãܣҲǺ°һΪֲִ赭Բأ
ô᣿żζҲˣԸͷأƽʱӦ࣬ԷֱԷڣȱ˵߼һˣЦе˵
ҶӼ˿ڲˣͬƵص˵ͷҶ̻ʣشڳŷˣһʱ֮Щ磬ã̾ϢһʵǰҲһעԼ󡣡
˵ţȵ޵һ˿ܰɡȻȵҶﻹǲΪȻֵؼһڲˣһԶԼʵ˵Ң𣿡
ȵĽɵһмд־ȣ߷ֲʵô֪
Ҷһ˼ԸϵķأȵķٺЦŵô֪ܲϿ§ҺһϵҢأ
˵ˣһӣص´飬ҶСҺ㷭
Ҷ㶣һĳȣвɸ̵ⲻѾôŮ֣ոջ˷ܣֱģȷ黹죡
ֻЩҶûҵųȵ˵֪еĲ죬Ȼѹ顣¸ɴͣһưͺˡ
ֻҶԽǲ˵ȴԽҪҶ˵ҶһԲֻųԷüͷʵ˵ǲǶ
Ҷͣ¿ӣɴ۾ųȣһĪѵԷҲˣˡ˭ԼأɣԼǸˣҶţǱЦԲ𰡳ܣҲֻ֪֪ԼǶˣ˼û̫ע󣡡
ȵɫһߵ˭ˣ˵ǲǶǼһһϲɵĸĺ
ܣ⻰̫ˣҲҶ֤˵ˣҲûôʳɣһͰһٵ׼ְ
ȡǺǡЦһĿ⿪ʼɫã̾Ϣһ㵹ǳʵ֪ľˣ
Ҷһؿڿŵصҿɾͷˣ
ȲмЦͣ͸÷ˡûҪҲῴģ
ǺǡҶЦЦüͷҶҲ̫˼ˣ³һǱʱĺôϲ£ȻֵطһٷҲ̫ҵ˰ɣУԵҲˣ뻹ȥȾƣ
Ҷһ㶣ųӣʵȷ
ȵģôƤôС㻹ǲˣ
ҶٺЦ˼ǵһֺˣŲߣҪ˯ô죿
ȵ˲ͨһ飬ŲӵĺˣҾûô
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һ漴ŭȥˣ
գҶﻹǴӦȥȾơЩҪйġһ֪ľҶҲд㣬һҪȰסŮ˺ȶˡϴγƵǸϣҶﵽڻǼ¡һݾǣˮȡ
һǻԸеĽһźŵŮһճղջԼԼһǵ׼ԼԼǿеѹֺͿԼǰܣ˷
ʱѾߵࡣеҹĻҶ￪ɫıʱݣǺҹľһڳеĵ·ϴšںٻָ£ҶｫͣһСݰɡľưǰ
ķҶͳӭ˽ȥһ˸ĵƹ£صĽ糱ˮһӭҶüͷų˽ȥڷĴ£Ҫ˸˾ˮСԣԶ
ʱưɲǸոտţ˲ࡣɢмžƾŤӵСӺ͹ҶͳҪĿҲǱȽƫƧĵطֵ⣬ǾưΪ徲ĵطˡ
ưѰ徲һ뵽Ҷǲһ˿Ц⡣Ҳ֪ȵ鲻áųһһĺţ˶û˵ҶҲĵ׼ųȵľ
ưɵľˮߣڴǺ󾢶ȽϴҶ￴ųź˺üҪٵʱҶﲻֹ֣˳ȵ
˰ɣСٺȿɾ͹ˣҶæֹ
һЦˣһ˲ķ飬Ҷﲻɵһֻ촽ЦƵؿҶǲǵһ
ҶٺЦľٺȿɾˣ
ȺÿӸҶһۣʵʲôõģ㲻ͿΪΪô˰ǿķǣ
ҶһĭȴǿЦѡҵĹ˭˵ΪΪˣֱǸĥû˵
ưפֿ̨ʼ̨ϼ˻Ͳ
Ҫ𣬸ÿ޵Ұɣ㶼̹װʲô취ҲͬȻ뷨ǲҪʹ쿪ʼɣǾɣٰɢǾͷְɡ
˸У̨ݳĸ֣ȲЩˣľƿҲԭҶŷô˵ֻҪȲٹƣԼĿľʹﵽˡ
ưɴĹϣʮžƱ´һȦ֮󣬱㳯Ҷͳ˹Ҷһ˲ͷˣǲ¶һ˿Ц⡣
Ӷʱеķͣһ˸ϴȾſŵĺɫһӵͷ߶ˣͼһֱ˶ͷǰ档˶Ŷ̱ģһ˲ϻһ˶ͬĶһֲֻţпĶһֻһ̶ɫӽļβơһЦţ߶µس˹
Ůô񰡣ӸûҶҶͳȵĿԱߣֱӰųһһβư˳ȵǰ
ҪҪؼңҸ㳪׸ҲᣡǾɣٰɢǾͷְɣٰҪùǸӵͷӳɤӺߺظ̨ϵĸֳ䣬һؿųȵôҳĻɣ
ߣһûˡ
Ǹ꣬ûлشԼɵúٺһЦָӣžƱݵ˳ȵǰŮȱô


146 ҵĴ̸
Ҷﱾ˵˶ֱӸǽѵСû뵽˾ȻҪȺȾơʹҶ񾭡Ҷɲ뵽ʱ򻹵źһ˵ĳȣһһˮȡ಻Եͬ顣
ǱЦЦǸԲȾƣ
ôģ˭˵ˣСǲǷ᣿ӵͷ걩ףתͷҶžһƱϣλƵҺӿĲ˳˳űϡ
ҶЦһû˵ȴͻȻĿ̨˹شӵͷнǱ˹
ӵͷһ㶣ҲعͷȥųȡԱߵϴȴЦôʶ࣬ۻ羴ҲȣҲøҹȥ
ҶɫʼһƬĮͶ䵽ϣ˼ŭ⡣Ҷ˵ȴЦһ𣿡ű׵̧еľƱ͵бӵͷȥ
ҾͲˣôŰɣЦŵ
Һ˳ӵͷھùʱӵͷڱܱ۾ֽϵҺɡϵЦͻȻһɶһɷģ
ѽģôӵͷŭһԱߵϴҲһ˵ģ͵һƱҪľ֮֮
ɻûӦֻһ飬סľƱʹʧˣеһ漴ŷӦô˭ѾõԼˡ
ҵϵҺ壬һֻһԵҶվһֻվƱЦӯӯԼ
ˣ˰ɣƶͳȥˣԴϲǿԹˣ
˵ģ
ӵͷϴͬʱһһ˻ȭһ˳צҶк˹ȾһСġȴҶﲻŲæֱ˫֣һץסӵͷȭͷһǯסϴֻˡŶŶؽл
ۣۣۣͬʱ磬Ҵˣ
Ҷ΢΢һЦ˫һƣӵͷϴ˳ȥһһƨڵأҶһۣҲ˵شӵŻŵ˳ȥ
ЦûҶֲ
ҶٺЦǵȻƽʮ˽ҵ
УȲмغһжϵţ
ҶҲ⣬ٺЦŵ߰ɣٲߵ¾д鷳ˣ
㲻ǿһʮʲôȺЦƵʵ
ȻҲ˶࣬鷳ҶĽ͵ôʵڳȵȴҶҪӵĻԡЩʱ˾˺棬ϳϿҿҵ˵ȴٰ㻳ɡٳĻԣȴΪ档ʵжϣֻӶԷĿеõҪĴ֤ʵ뷨ѡ
ܳθ̣ʱҶӲųȱưͷȥûſڣֻӿʮˣ³ʱУ˵ӰŻСС죬ĴŴ磬±˲ʶǻ콭һ
ʱ߲ˣ鷳ˣҶüͷҶһȦŵüͷȴͻȻչ˿ųڴ
ȱرҶڽӵȺмȥɵԹص㲻˵㲻˶ôڻʲô㣿
Ҷ΢΢һЦ͵ҿɲǶǣ鷳ģ
鷳ҵڳȵУ֮оڶأܶùȺ˵Ҷ治ףȲɵԼ̫嶯ˣȻҲҪǵȻǻˣǾΣˣҪҪȵа
ɻûȳжϣҶ˰̨ԱߣһԼŵİñӵļ
ñӵʱͰ̨ŮʦûȣžƱϵغͶԷЦŮʦɬЦšͻȻֻоһִֻԼļϡñӵĺ˲䱻ˡ
ñӷסֻ֣һͷ˭
δ䣬ñӾͿһϤ׳Լǰ
ǡñӵɴӣŵز˲۾⣬⣬ǡⲻǸħô
⼸һֱû췢ڵͣ飬ҹ̯ٴҶ˵ǴԼѣζҶļ䣬ɵпν˲ĥӡ󡣼ÿһҹλأ֪ٴδоѣΪӳԼС
ʣû飬Ժﲻ֪ôͳôһԣʣ
ǽ죬ȴһλĳԼǰֻһԼ඼ѾֹͣΧĿǼһ㿪ʼ̣½Լĺż٣һ˿һǴ̶ʹϾȴֲòš
ҶҶҶ磡ĵNƺдһ˿Ϊʲôÿôһ£˶ҪԼһΡֱһֱȴ軹ֲ
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Ҷ磡Ŷԣǵģǵģֿʼ״ˣҶһɻؿԼɵпһ£ɥҶ磬Ҵˣ
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ҶһȵؿűָŵŮʦֻŮܾ˵С¹һ㣬Ŵ˵ͣɬشͷ­ҶֽɻĿƵɵϣʵ
ŶлУһɫ任֮УæüͷϴҲãҲưɺȾƣ
ҶЦƵؿЦŵôԵȾƾͺȾ£Ĺܵ㰡ֲʲôˣ
кµҪΪҶ˵æһ˿ĲˡҵĴ裬ҲҵĴ̸
һԵĳ仰ꡱһЦˣʵҶСֶӣ
ҶҲЦЦɺȵٸݣɸ磬е£æ
ŶȻ˵ͷͿʼӿڴͳǮصݸҶ
Ҷɫһڣ˴֣ҵʲôˣ
ͷѵԣ˼֮£ϵִӿڴͳֻǮһݸҶ
˿һĳȣҶɫˡεؿһҶɴָָưɴԼͳȵǻС˵鷳ɸæһ£
˳Ҷָķȥֻһʣʲôһ˲˹ԭҶﲻԼҪǮİԼ鷳İɷһĵͬʱҲͻȻʼ˷ҶԼģҲԼа취ħǰúñһȡĨȥԼĲ¼ʵǸõĻᰡ
ǣ˲ɻɴŵƨҶ磬ⲻ˵ЦĶҰŪʮˣأһ˲ͿͨͨǶſˣ
Ҷüͷɸ磬˵ʲôôֱ𣿡
ɵһվҶߵĳȣƺʲôһпˣƨĵˡҲ⸹ôʲôôԼֱô˵ֱһڶƨˤɵİСʮڵļӼˣ˵ֱ
ͬʱɶһȺͬҶ˸еޱȵĽƾʲôԼŭҶҪ˵ĥȺͬڣҶȴԶͷţֱ̫ƽ˰ɣ


147 ǰ
ȻҶɲܹƽƽֻҪȺˣ㶣ϳ˶ԷɽͷҶܵǰˣ˵ɵɫͱˣһ޷޲ƽصǰӡʮֵܻᡯĵϻôš
˵תͷҶ˵˾䣬Ҷ磬ġʧ
һŭݵسȺ˹ȥҲ֪˫Щʲôݰصȫ˼˵ĶԻֻ֪ӣȺ֮Ϊ׵Ĺͷӱһͱˣɵļ仰֮ȴɫãһӣʮˡΪĵسˡ
ֵ˵˾ʲôعͷҪȥҶ㱨һսȴҲûзҶŮټ
ҶɺǰȺ˶ŵʱųȲźۼ뿪˾ưɡɫıʱҶͻȻʵǲǻûˣ
ôһۣȵ鷴û֮ǰˣȴЦӯӯص˵ͷе㣡
ҴȥһطơȥҶص
Ҷ￪ų˽ߡҹвŸոտʼʳС̯ųӡӾ͵⡣Ҷڿɵʱ뵽տ̯ϵϰ塣Ҳ
ϰⲻɸĶŵԣϰĵҶͳȵʱϰæſ⴮ͼᣬµѾ˺ü̸ģ̸Цò֡
ҶϰǰվϰæͣͷҲ̧ʵãԵʲô
Ҷ΢΢һЦţ⴮һţȣֹƿơƣ
ϣϰس̧ͷҶϰְҵ΢ЦѸٻһĺЦݣӴҶϵܣ㰡
Ҷ˵ͷ
ϰкȻתҶԵĳȣʵŵùԵҹ
Ҷûнͣ΢΢ЦЦûϣûп϶ֵֻǣȾȻҲûз
ϰпѽԽԽæˡ⻹øлҶϵܰҪ㡭˵ЩҶϵܣҲ˵ϸңĲ˵ҵģҶϵܣãʲôֻкң
Ҷ˵ͷҲܾϰĺ⡣ÿ˶ģԼܾϰĺ⣬»ܣһ˺
խСǰҶﲻɵ΢Цʵôﻹɣ
ȵѾͶ˿Ľ档ҹĽŵ㳱ʪᴵ˳ȵ㷢Զҹм˸ҫŵĲ֪ǵƺһ˿УɫĽˮԵɫʡ
ȵ˵ͷ̾ϢŵҶþûֵطˣǻһγտǴѧʱɣ
ͻȻ˳˼ϰſ˵⴮½½͵˵ϡҶ￪һƿơƣصһԵϱ档ӣųȵһ˵ҲȾŶ
ջЦŵðɣΪһһơ¶ǣҺ巴óԭЩ˼֡һ˫ڵͫںҹ֮кҫһĹâ
ʵҲûԹտܾòЦŵеĵΣγտ
Ҷ￴׺һɴл㱣͸¶һ˿صɡȵЦһǴѧͬѧۻᣬǴĵʱǳ裬һѹ·˵˵ЦЦ޿䣬᲻÷ֿѧУſڵҹ̯һţһֱԵڶϡ
ɫػ£Ǽҵϰ嶼ȰΣ˵Ҫˣ´ɣ˵аϰ壬һˣҪˣǾҪ뿪ĵطˣⶼһμˣ
ԳЦЦҡҡͷһμϰ塣ʳˣˡϣҺһ𣬾տ̯Աߣһơơ˵߰ɣһģ˵ˣһӣҲԸ⡣
̾Ϣһˣˣ֮һصȥʱǶ˵߰ɣ
ȵˮֹסͻȻͷŬؿסԼ˲ӣʵ꣬ꡣǵڣȴҪߣȥߣߣߣѾߵһͬҪôߣ˵Ҫߣ
ųȽ˻ĻҶһʱЩĬˣϰʱҲҶǿ˹Ҷҡͷʾ£ϰûж˵ʲô
ҶԥĳȵļοûνͬǶȣ򣬻ģ
ҡҡͷɣһûа취ת˵ЩˣȾƣ
ҶһӣʵҶûй̿ĵĸ龭
̿ĵĸ龭Ҷһ㶣ΣȴǰԼ̿ôǸҶֻڵĿɬԺĪظֳһӰһԺｻ֡
ҸкһͷضŮ
ҾҪ㣬ҪһӸ㣬ĸƨ棡ŮЦкԼĮӰ顣
Ҫ֪Ϊһϸɱ֣Ҫʱ̿סԼĸ飡
ΪʲôҪסĸ飿Ҿϲ㣡Ůƫͷʵ

ţ㣡кޱĽһֽװİǵݸŮǵݳʲôֵĶһ
ҲҪֲСˣŮæҡҡͷ
ߣҪˣкһֽˡ
ŮŻŵسŰǷɳķȥϸѰ

磬˵ԺòãŮкߣһԶա
ģкǱܿһվԶȥ߱ߵⱲӶģ

ڸʲôһķкϥڵϣŮƿ˺ǧصĽţԼһֻݵ˽סҪϵҶ
Ҹ˺öŮҧҧĶͷðϸܵĺ顣ʰڵϵĶ˳ŷ˽Ϊģ㳢òóԣóԵĻ컹Ůһεʵ
кɫһ䣬ûȥҲҪġڹؽգ˵ҲһУʳջҴءǲϵģ
ŶŮЦЦеʧһšȴȻŷ档ţ˳֮ǡءһŽرպϡ
кĽȴ·˺صĽ⣬Ůһȳһյ뿪ĽŲ
ǣǣһ˻ЦŶǰӰǣҵˣǰɲģ
ŮתűĺɴȹΧźɫͷŮǱһľһֻ¶һ˫ھĴ۾
磬ǻġǶˣ
ЦŵˣŶغǴ˵㣬ƤҲǰˣţƯˣǣһȥɣ
Ůҡҡͷ磬ȥɣ
ҡͷ̾ϢŮʮ˱䰡ǰһֱ˵ϲ磬û뵽ھôˣ仯ǿ찡
ˣΪ˸ȻҲˣֻûϲġ
ҿأ

һ˳ҶԺʱһ͵ץסһӵļ͵ҡʵңǵôˣ
ִʱңҡһԥŵ
ܣܣԲܣħϣҡҡͷصͻȻִҪȥҪȥ
Ҷ侲һ㣡һ͵رס

ǰֻѷǡ


148 СŮ
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ʱϤӰǰ
ôһأҶ￴Ӱвɵðһ˿ɻͣߣҶﰴ˰ȡ
ȻŮע⡣һԵβŮüͷŤͷɫıʱһְۣĿͶǰ
Ҷְ˰ȣŮһתͷҶæҡ³ȥĶأ
ǰ׺еǧǰСŮա
Ҷ磿ô㰡һΪĸɧһҶһŭ˲仯Ϊ˾ϲæҶ˵ţͻȻԼ˵ʲôСһ죬æ͵ѽҶ磬Ҳ˵ôﰡ
ҶﻹûлشҲǰһҶ硱
Ҷ˵ͷãּˣ
գգƯĴ۾ҶҶ磬ʶհ
ҶЦŵ˵ͷȴư˵ǸҶ簡
ŶȻҶЦЦȥĶǰɣ죬ϳɣ
ҲŤ˷ܵȥֻջЩߣڰк£ͬһ˳š
Ҷ漴š
һ·ϣҶͰ̸Ҷ֪СѾͷĹϵ
ԭͬѧϵͦõ֣ҲСۡѧУ꼶ıҵǹȥμġ
ڰ׺ŮķʽҶﵹǺͬѧУһֱܵ͵ûҫԼĸʲôġͬѧҲ֪߾ȻǱһ޴ĸǧҲͬİԸͣÿʣӲߡˣ˵ĹϵǳҪã˵޻̸ЩʱվͰҶʶĹ΢ӹȥݶԵĽɫһĻ˰
ʱ֪տ˵ġӢ۾˹Ҷ磬ȻҶʱСѾͷɵáЦŴȤҶ簡Ǽջ˵أ´ҪûŮѣ˵ˣʮָлľ֮£ΪСŮֻˣ
˵ЦͣһߺҲǲشš
СһⶼԵҪܶ࣬𿴰ģʵԸرҪǿҶﻹ֮У֪˰ϴԭԭٽĩˣͨϰڶ쿼ԣҹּӪ֮ؼҵʱͲСε˹ȥҶȻľһغҲ˵
ҶЦŴȤôƴĸϰɼһò
˱죬һɥصˣ˺üĿأκ꼶ʮϵڶпԻĸأ
Ҷﲻɵ̾СѾͷôͲǫˣѾܲˣ
ҡҡͷеģտȫУһҺԶأ
ҶЦЦôû뵽ҽ컹Ů
ǿɲ˰ͷ­ѧУϵĲŮõҶǵƨô
Ҷӣ΢Цŵأ֪ǫһô
УмؿҶһ۵ֵǫǽҶ磬Ҹ㣬ǵĲŻɲֹѧϰءҪúơɴҲһȥμѧѧǵıҵˣ
ңҶָָԼһǲȥ˰ɣôһˣ굽Щѧм䣬ǲе̫Ⱥˣ
Цصû£û£ʱ˵Ǽҳ˵ѧҲаûʶ㣬˵㳤ñȽżҲŵġ
Ҷ﷭˷ۣûлش𡣰ͻȻͷӺϲ˹յҶǰŽòҶ磡˼ȥμӱҵܺģƭ㣬һкܶŮŶСϲģ
˵ģֻ֪̰ĽŮɫ𣿡ҶһصǼȻʢȭȭҲ˼ܾСǰɣŶҵǰɣǾȥɣ
Ү˵ؿҪˣ˱ȼ֣˷ܵغ̫ˣ
Ҳ¶һĵЦݡ
ŰѧУ˸ʱϢһİձϵѧУĴãʼǵĽĿš
һΰ׼ĽĿǸ裬ѡһ׾ĸеĳ򡷣ݳ衣
ȵſʼʱҶڹϯϣ۾һգգض̨ϵˣϸϸһ˵ĽĿ
ĵĳ򣬷ɹƶˣĹڤ룬ڳҶʱǧҪ̫æ
յĸﶯƮ𣬰Ҳ趯Ŷ
һˣžžžҵһεĲǺܳɹģһֳҵķ֮оͿԲ²
̨ϣϵİոҾһ΢Ц̨
ôҶ磿һҶȲѯʵ
治ѧУ﹫ϵŮҶ˸Ĵָ̾
Цǣûдţ˰ɣ
Ҷﻹû˵ֻһߴ˧һ˹Щнش˸кҶҲǵ˵ͷЦЦ
Ȼתյգ㳪ã̫ϲ㳪ˣ͸㣡˵Űеʻһͣݵյǰ
΢΢ЦЦлл㣬˶⡣´βҪ򻨶ˣҲϲȻô˵ջ˶еʻ
˵ϲһʧ˶⣬һսԼʻнӹɵϲæǣǣǣҼסˣ´һͱĶͻġ
üͷҪ˵ʲôȴֲ֪οڡĵȻû˼ȴҲ֪οھܾǺ˺˱˵ġ֪ôﶯĵصգݳĲ˵ҲշӦĻᣬȾܿˡ
˶Скı֣ҶﲻɵЦʵյ׷ߣ
֮һЦŵյ׷ҪƵȦأ
һ죬ɬصϹ˵ʲôأҿɲϲЩëͷСӡ˵̧ͷҶһۣЦеؿԼ̵ֻæҶ˵ˣڴѧҵǰ̸ġ
Ҷ΢΢һЦͻȻʲôƵʵףôô׷ߣأû׷𣿡
ղ˵ôûأ׷Ҳźüأֻˣ˵ű͵Ц
һȺûйĵСݺݵص
ҶﲻɻһЦû뵽ȻǸƤĹ顣
ԹԺҶڴõλϣĿʼҶֱһ£һֱң۵ŶҶЩ̲סҪעһ£˼ҲûʲôŮѿʱڣԼô˵𲻱Ҫĳͻ


149 СŮǵıҵ
ȻֹҶһЩܲСµľֹҶֱߵһСкҲܲסˡüֹû취ֻҶøɽţطʽҶ٣ǣæһԹŮܲڴ֮ͥעһ󰡣
ҶӵؿСһۣб¾͵˼ҵ˵õôҶûСûŹҶƵضҶǣĸģǸ߶һʮάʲô֣
ҶҶ⣬ֱѡ˺ӡάҲ⣬ֱӾҶǰ˵ĲǡȻжתתһεػصҶϡ
ǣĸģǰûнĿ죿άʵ
Ҷ˼һ£ŵһĿǸ衶еĳ򡷣
Ҷôһ˵άһУǲǰձݵǸĿ
Ҷ˵ͷֻάԭǸ߶ʮһİҸ
άĽضҶ
Ҷﲻʵôô˵
𣿡άЦŵѧУУȫǰϣ˵ҸҸο仨ҲǼ򵥵ÿѣӵǾȻͬʱǻۣѧУŮֵǸ߶ʮһ࣡ʵе㲻̫ƽ
ԭСôҶЦЦûлش
Ŀܿ㿪ʼˡ˱ĻԺ󣬵һ߾͵̨
һΡġСһݸ߸ߵС׸ǰ滺ᣬ˲ɵó֮С
紵ΣվеļžУһԶкԴɳƵɤʱ˲ɵһһ紵죬öеյķսԶ
ֻɽڰƼ䣬ɴ彧ϼʢߣһȺ񡣡ֻ۾ܸ˳⾳
˭أֻҺ㣬ǵѤʣ˭ǿָǾϲǾమŸֵ߳ĵͬѧԼѧĵĵεΣѤʵĴѧ顢顢ѡͬѧꡭٻЦˮƴٸʿ빲ٿ̹ǣġ
һתкҪ˵ټַ룬·ϡ
ǰҪ˵ټ·ϣԵԵȥɢ룬ƽҲҪ·ԶҲ
һסС͸ҵʦʦǣϣԺ·һ˳;ƽллŸţ˲Ӹʵ⾳ҵعкòӮ˹ǲٵ
ĿһһſĲٸĿԺ̨һһݣһһŴӵкһĿݸ߸кǶ磬кк硣
ݸ߸кҺλͬѧأһϿΡ
кͬѧ
ݸ߸кһϴ衣
кţѧУԡ
ݸ߸кͻȻͻȻ
кɻʵôˣˣ
ݸ߸кһһؽ͵ͬѧķˡһ˵Żһ˸Ķ̨¶ʱˣЦá
кһɻʵŶǼˣ
ݸ߸кǸһ䣺ͻȻ
кæŵ϶Ƿָˡ
ݸ߸кæصͣˡ
кüͷҷ֣ͣҲʱİ
ݸ߸кٺһЦȻֻžžž
̨Ц
кæݸ߸кȣȵȣɱ˵Һֻн飬û鰡
ݸ߸кˣԸһԸأͬѧǻˡ
кŭһȥģ˵Щʲôѽ

̨µЦһƬ˶ŶֵòС̨ݳҶҲ¶һ˿΢ЦߵάҶȣЦò˵ϡ
Ҷﲻҡҡͷǰ˸ôԼȣǸˣ꣬Ҷȴǲ֡

ͣ衶еĳ򡷣ߣ߶ʮһ࣬գֵСĽĿˣ˱Ļ˸̨Ҷﲻɴ۾׼һκúһĿ
ʱҶߵάҲֱ塣һ˷ܵҶǰĽĿˣ쿴ѧУŮ񰡣̨ͬݳ̫ѵˡά˵žͳֻͷ̨ʼ¼
źɫĴĻյӰ̨ϡֵǰ໺Ʈ𣬰ҲŤţ紩͸õɤ
ĵĳ򣬷ɹƶˣĹڤ룬ģյöǻһŶ˻ζʵ˵ʵڵģյĸûʲôأŮɤࡣȴһħ
˵쭸High֤ܲжô˵ʲôߺ͹ѣţǶǳû͵ٺҲǰ״Ƕ˵ǸĴݣг裬˵ģĸ
ŸҲ趯
һ׵ĳȹ˼ʹһŶ۵ļͽ׵ȹķ·Ϊһ塣ֻ̨ʣһͨʯһ̨趯
ĶŶִ󷽡򾲻򶯣֫һֻ죬˱̲ĺϡزˮȥ
̨ϵİաʱ˵鶼ͬĽ뿪ġΪѧУʦͬѧݶеţ̨µҶ᲻ҳأ᲻̫ˣСӵвɵð
ǣͬġΪҶĴڣﶼıţȫĵͶšԼãһչʾ˴ҵǰΪͶ룬С̨ܵ׼׸յ˶ֱӱոˡε̨վʮӣʵܲ˺Ц۹⣬һţֻ̨
ȻһСûӰ쵽˿ĿͰյıݡһ糣ؽţ
ڳҶʱǧҪ̫æͬĲһжԭװܱʲôƣ
ҶڣֳеĹڡСԱҲãǸŲŵʦĸ֮Сֻ߱˵赸סˡ
ϣŷ紵ԣΧ㡢ļ򣬼ʹˣʹƽ̹ıء㿴Ƭյǹ⣬һ·ϣеĺڰֻܼҪѭǹ⣬Զڵķ裡
ʧһƮ䣬ֵĽŵҲֹͣ趯ãȻüž
ʧѵոʲôʧˣڰʧ䣬˼ʱ򡣡˳һ̨ϯ׶òϢ»ڸšããã
һһ
նһۣͬʱ¶˻ĵЦݣããĹ֮У˺ƿ̨µҶԼ΢ЦԼһĴָءֻģ˸̨
άֻɸпŵŮ񰡣ŴôƻȺǻŵģǶٰûϷάҡҡͷ̾Ϣŵ
кֵĸ̾ҶﲻݸοҿϷ
ά۾һʵ˵𣿡
ģҶһЦͰɣFighting
ţάȭͷҶԼĹֻ۾ﲻɵֳеĹâֻʼط˰յĽĿ


150 ѳ
ҵųɳҲɢҶȻûнӴУ԰ȴַ֪ĸоҶ̨ϵСѾͷǣһɵ긡ͷ
ҶﾭΣΪᷳҲָоֻֽ¶ˣԸе·˵ĸоôһֱǸƤЦģ
Ҷ磬Ҳ׸£ɤôˣ϶ȥġպͰߵҶǰĿֳһĨĹâ
Ȼǻʶ˧磬ɤǿǳģǸбҵᣬҿɲɫһѧУСŮˣҸô죿ҶǹһĨааЦݣȻ֪Ѿͷʲô
Ҷ磬ͳһɣİɣû˻ЦģôΣǵͲ˶٣û˻ỳģ㲻ǲᳪɣգգۣȻüⷽҶ
ͱƴˣϿȥҵĶ䶼챻ǸˡӲקҶֱ̨ۣȥҶЦѡ
λؼαҿҪ۾ŶʱֵλãҶֻò̫ȻĴ˴ͷķ˿ʹԼҪ̫š
ʲôҶμӹΣҵỹǴϻεһأǰĿɶĻ䣬Ҷ̾˿󣬱㿪ʼ峪һϸŹٵġѳ¡
²ҪᣬѶꡣȻĨȥ޶ĵסҪ˹ȥúüͲҪٿ׷ҵϢǸ⣬Ŀѣԣʹȴ̫ס㲻ȥʼҶаҶԼΪ
ʱҶȥƽʱ˲ɣ˵ĸо·꣬ÿһʶܴ˵顣
Ŀ̨ݳҶ΢΢һ˿ԼСյ·ʲô
ҶﵽǸأҽƣ˵Ķˣȵ۾˸һĨĹâҶˡ
ΪȻУױ´򶯣ΪʹУ֣ҪǷ꣬ҪǷԲԡΪ㲻ֻҪаʹһ֪ûҲ᲻ͬѾ̫ҴңҺúʣҾûʹڷС
׸΢Щ˸УҶҲ֪ԼΪʲôҪѡһף뵽йذɣһЦݵĴ̨
ĸ༶˧磬ú˧úô֪ѧУ
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Ҷ̨Ҳ˼ΪҵѾǹպͰвٵСѾͷĿĿҶȻ˿̶ҶĽѡ
Щɻˣ㵽ǸʲôҶԽԽˡüҶӴ˵ʱԽãҶ˵ĸо͸أ·Ǹ޵׶Զ͸
ңҾٻŵ˾汣ڣ˳ԺζģɶҲᣬ˼ҲܾġҶüëһָֻģ
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ܿ治˼һ˶£ͲǰˣҶظڵѧЩ㲻ѵԼǲʮ
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Ű𣿡̾˿̬ƣ
šҶŤͷǴ󵨵ĽȵͷԼļϿ˿Ҳû
ʲôãҵ꣬갡ֻһ䣬߰ɣ֪ҵʱĸо˺ѷεĸо𣿡˵ԽԽˮ۽ǻ䡣
ȵ״ҶҲЩۣ֪ôȥοֻųȵļ
û˺ѷΣȴ飬ɵѾͷһжṇ̀ô㣬϶õġҶһЦ뵽뵽˺
ϣŮòɲ缸ڴʱȴһ̫ǢӲĴϡ
˵һһΣȾŻëСӣվżͬˡ
ҶЩۣôˣܻһЩ޹ҲɵȱҶûдǣֻЩá
ϣͦԸģϲҪҪǻط̽ëҸоã˿֪ԼѾһͷ˯ʨˡ
£ǰʧ򡭡Ҷü˫Ŀ¶ĺ⣬ֱ㶵Żë
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һıˣȭͷڻûнӴҶʱѱҶָҶﷴһתֻԡһëֱ۶ʱѡ
ҲֵǸϣëҽһҵʹΪŭŭһֵǱ㳯Ҷ
ҶǹһĨаЦݣȰһԣЩչˡҡĲ˵ǼңЩͷôĶ֣㽫˺ݺݵĽѵһرǸղŻǳŵĻëԼֵʧããҹɫС
վһԣҶĿ˸ӣ֪ΪʲôҶһʲô룬е׵Ľǵһ
Ƭ̣ȵǹһĨЦʵѾӸӰн˳дԭԴҶĺѾܹһ˵Щġ
ôˣҲûȥˣ㡣ҶｫŴ򿪣֪ȵ˼ЩȥƼҪˡ
ͺҪˣѯʡ
ⶼ֪ˣʵҲô㣬˧绹ᣬ漸ءҶһЦ¶Լ׵Ĵݡ
ߣ֪ˣûһöЩ̫ˣŤͷһ࣬Ҷ˵


151 ʱ⵹
ᳵ·ͻؼҺҶص˺ٻı
صңٻɳţҹèҶ̲סһۡ
ҶЦĵϱôû˯ˣ
Ҫ˵
ʱ䳤ˣٻҶҲ˺ܶࡣ˵Դȶ󣬲֪ҲٻԼҲ֪ҶĸоҲ˷츲صı仯
ţҶ˵ͷֱӳɳȥ
ϱʲô飿
ٻü˼ʵˣ
Ϊٻʲôأԭ£ҶаЦ̲סϷٻ
ٺ١ϱżˣҶЩĿźٻһ㲻ˣѾ˵ӡ
ȴǺٻһۣûå˰ɡ
ҶٺһЦȴ磬漴ɫһ˵ϧʱٰҸ磬ʣµѣҲԼȥɫġ
Ҷô˵ٻ΢΢˿׼ˣ͵һʱ֪ͨҰɡ
Ҷ΢΢üʲôˣôôźٻԸ񣬾żҲֵôС
ٻĿҶһۣ˼˵˵ĩǸӣ충顣
Ҷһü̲ס̧ͷٻٻϣ֪Ǻ߻εԭ򣬴ʱһĨÿĺΡ
Ҷı飬ٻȻˣæ͵Ϲ룬ⶼ˼
ҲٻԼûв֪˵ҲǷ˸ı䣬ǰδ
ҶаЦȴƣһ׵ӡ
ߣåˡٻʵܲҶֱվҶŵŵŵ¥
Ҷ̲סԼıӣǰδеĺáС߻Լķ䡣
ڶ峿ʼ䷺ǰסҶһᣬȥ˸ͣͼʻɫʱݳȥˡ
峿ĽпʣҶ򿪳̰ĺš·ԲϺ˵ķ羰񽥽ʱͨӲģһжʵˡ
һ뵽ٻı仯͸ӺˡȻǼٵģҶ׼Ϸǳ¡ɷϣںٻϲģȻһʱȥܻЩʣܺͺһ˿Թԡ
£ͻȻеĵ绰ˡҶͳֻһǳȴĵ绰
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ߣ˶һСһѯʵҶпûһ𣿡
ߺŮҪ󣬾£Ҳ϶÷²ǡҶ̲ס٩һ䡣
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ҶķӦҲգһ֦Ҳ

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ԣҶ̲ס˸ۣ治֪ŮҪʲôҲûжʡ
ܸøҪȥ˰ɣҶһ߿ųһ߶Ըʻϵĳʵ
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ȻǣȽȥһۣקҶߡ
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ԺŮԶЩɣ̫ˣҶпƵ뵽
ˣˡ̳ɳϣ̲ס˸µһʱ価ɣҶ۾һֱ
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ȲȥطٳԡζĿҶһǲ¶һ˿ÿĻȡ
ˣϧ˰

ٰѣ֪˳ȵĿģҶʱһ˸ģʲôЦǴ˵еļҳ
ҶôķӦæ͵ǰһΰɣҲ֪ôˣߵļ
ʵһ飬ûҶڼ˵Ĵ߻ϰˡֻμҪȻȥ˵Ǹܶ
Դһθ󣬳˶סòҶòƻڡڼҪӲ˹ȻǲԸ⣬Բ֮¾뵽С
ҶƵĬĬ˱ӣĿ⿴ǰ˵֮绪ҲΪŮӣǾᡣ
˸ģǰһֱΪǺ£ôôŤأ
ȥǿԣ費ƻɣ˼ãҶЩĵĻص˱ȽϺáȻʱ򣬳ȸĸֱӱƻ飬Լֲ𴩣ǾڰʯͷԼˡ
ͬ⣬һءһ̣ȸųλȥҶһӰ
ǾͺãǾͺáٺ١
˵Ҷд򶨣ƨƨߵĸȥ
߰ɣȻʱ͸ϲϷˡڸʻϴߴٵ
ף԰ոǻô˵ţ
ҶҪʱζһ仰
ʲôôΣӢһ޶ĺˣôͱˡһҪҸʶʶүҵ
ҶʲôأôҶڳûɻĿҶ
ٺ٣ûʲôûʲôߡҶȻ뷨˵ȥæ˰Բˬעתƴ󷨡
ɫıʱݲĴڽеİ·ϣȴ򿪳ãĿ·Էŵķ羰һӴڹҶ̲ס˸¡
ʲôأŮЩѹ֣Ҷ̲סڴƽ
ʱ⵹ʲôȴʣƫͷĶҶƺҪںߵҵҪĴ𰸡
ʱ⵹Ҹʲô
úϧǸ羫ŮԼߣһ֯ͺһĺ
̫ҪΪڣҲΪ㡣ʱڡϧûи
û̫ܻͬġƽȴ⣬Ҷﲻ֪ȥش
Ŷ¶һ˿ʧ̾˿Ͳ˵


152 籾
Ӻܿ͵ĿĵأҶ˳˴ܵĻ
űԷ涼Ƕı̻ǳ˰ٷ֮ʮڽƬĵϣĵطԲ
ȼҶվľͷһʵЩæߴٵīʲô㲻ӳ˰ɣȥɡ
ҵĻͦõġҶ΢΢һЦҲԾǰȥ
˿ΪأڿԼˡ
ȻˣŸմ򿪣ʹһŮ
裬һˣ·е¡ȱҶﻻЬһ߳ſ
װαйŷ磬͸¶ŨŨϢ
Ҷ͸УϸϸĿʼ¼һ˿̾׼ϸϸƷζŽ˿
֣裬һˡҶڿվɳϵĳ¹˵
¹򸾴ʱȴǺŮĻźȻֵҶ˹
ȣλǣĸæʵ
һ˿ײɬæ͵裬ѡ
ĸǺáҽҶȵѡҶ΢΢һЦº͵ҽܵ
ϷҪһ㣬ûҪŤŤģġϵɬӵĹϷ򸾵۾ȴҶ￴һܻģҶֱ˵˵
ҶôϷˣæͶһмҶ˸ĵ񣬾ͲڽͷӶñϿʲô
վţ°ɡĸæкͬʱԱߵĳ¹ʹ˸ɫ
ҶɳϣЦݵĺͳ¹졣ʼնһ̻ģĳȣǶҶͶһζ
Ϊĸ˶ûгԷԺܿĸȥ˳ȽҲȥĸæʣ£¹Ҷˡ
СҶģ¹һеʵüͷȴʱʱ
ҶȻԳ¹ıЩɻ󣬵˼Ҳ˵Ȼȥģһһʮ˵ԼȻνҶġҲԹΪԼҲ֪
¹ʵҶĹʱŵ͵ԭҶװ˼ĻصǸ˾һ˾ġ
Ŷ¹Щɻ󡣶Ů൱˽ģô˸˾ѡ뵽¹ܵĻǲҶˣʲôֶΣŰѳƭֵġ
СҶʵ˵˰ɣνȻǰ˺׵ġ¹һҶһһ˵
ʲôҶﱻ¹Ļ˵һ㶣˵ٰô籾̫һ˰
Ȼ˱仯ҶĻǣȻ޴롣侲Ļصûǰݷһ¶ϡ
ԣ¹Ŀǰһͷϸǳһͨˣ飬ЩŻʧҶķӦ󳬳Ԥ롣
ǰֻһֱ֪Ѿѡ⺢Ҳǵģǽ¹ΣʼԹԼŮ
Ͽ˵Ż¹ѾʼҶ֪ѶˡҶֻǸС˾䲻ϳȣһڳ¹ӹɵġ
Ƥǲý
ҵˣһǸСҲҪСҶ㲻ɣ¹һתͻȻҶ˵
һ⻰Ҷľ֮ʲôǼ˼ⲻǳĴȻֻǸðƵģҲôҵ°ɡ
뵽ҶﲻԼӦˣˣȻ׵ƨˣǾͲҶԸˡ
ŶҲҪǻʶʶҶ΢̣ѾǿʼƻŴôԴĳͲˡ
¹ˣֺЦʹûҶôƤˣʧȥٺҶ̸ȥȤ˸̥˾ôڿҲǻĳ

÷󣬾׼˳Էǰȴֲĸо
̸˰ɣһʺţȲȷ뵽ɻѯʵҶ
ʱҶպ̧ͷȽı顣һĨζЦݣ۾ǿٵգ˼¡ȴǶԷһۡ
ˣСҶȥԷɡ˵С¹ֱѡӣ̲кһ䣬ĳһһ㶵ģҲ֪¡
˵ʲôˣôоҰֺ񲻸ˣ¹뿪ˣȼæСʵ
֪Ҷɫһʵ
ҶķӦеĵǸˣѵˣô찡׼ϸʵʱ򣬷ҶѾ͵͵
쵰Ȱһ䣬ֻ
ϯΪ˶˼Զûʲô̸ȤΨĸͣĸҶŲˣкҶһ㡣ҶȻУҲ󣬿ʼ̻ʵĳ
Ҷû뵽ⷬ࣬Ȼóĸ˳ˡȻȽܵĶҲ֪һֱǲͬġҶıȴԽԽŮҪ
ĸͬڳ¹ҶƤٶȼֳȻ֤Ҷ˼򵥣ڳ¹һϲ̨ı֡
ĸѾԱˣҼˡҶ˲죬̲ס˸ã˼˵
СҶٳԵɣҿҲǳԱˡ𲻺˼Ժ͵ļҾͺˡ
ĸһĸ￴Ůı飬Ҷòڡ
˵ĸŮף⻰һҲûҶа뵽ȴԼֻǸʱʵ
ĸҽԱˣʡˡҶ뿪Ц˵
һﵹһҲ
ӵĿҶ۵һ˿ԡܿ뵽ʲôʱһȻ
ʱ䲻һٻ緹ڳĸҶĽ̸ˡ˳ȾͽڴҶȥι۷䣬ź߽Լķ䡣
ֹţ̲סԼؿڡһʱԱߵɫǿ۾һֱ
ΪؼңȻǾĴһһȲҲ¶ɫ䣬ոǸͱĽһ
һʿˮȻҶĿдʱѳ˸졣
ʲôأɫǡһ˿ȿ۾ԼؿͿĳ˲˵
ҶٺһЦæ֣ʾԼʲôҲûȴǴһ
һۣǵѡתƻ⣬һƵļһｲͷԿĿ϶Լ
Ұڿ˵ʲôˣоˡȼʵ
Ҷһƨڴϣ˳ԱߵλãɫɫĿųȡ
һĨΣСŮһץ½ǰ￪ʼĺ˼ƽʱ˵ܴ󵨣˶һңߵĲС
Ȼ֪ҶﲻˣŮԵıܻ᲻ѡ
ҪҪȥأҪҪ
֪ͺú÷̴үڳ˼ѶʱҶϷʵ˵ڶԳԼĲˬҶúõĵϷһ¶Է
ߣүҲΪүǸˡ


153 ˭ѵ˭
Ƭ̺󣬼ȻվԭزҶ̲סվ˹ȥ
Ůʲôأһȵ°ͣҶϷʵĿһĺߡ
ûûʲôȵɫ˲һƬ죬æſҶ֣ͷȥ
ţˣȵķӦ֮ҶòΡɲʶĳȡˣѵˣ
һƬʣҶв첻ѣʼ˼ԼǲĹͷˡ
ͬʱ̧ٶ̧ǰߺ첻֪ʲôʱѾˣ֮ҶϤı顣
ҶܵܣҪ𣿡ջӣСдͬʱ˿ĿҶ˫˵ӷ·ڸҶֻҪԸ⣬ġ
ȻֵҶĺҶɲʾˡ˵ҪռռʲôģԺ治˼ȥ졣
ٴιȾµ°ͣҶоԼܵĻȼʱȵıȴЩѰζڴǺ¡
˵ҲǿԽԽ˫ĺҲЩŨĳȣҶ˺ģǿпסҪȥĳ嶯
ſȣҶЩڨЦ˺һиǸпϷϷйµŮˣҶǲ׾ġҶȣǡǡ෴Ůֻħ
Ҷ֮ûмȥΪȷԺܸܲԷҸ
о仰вȢͱΪ¡⻰Ҷ￴һ㶼ûծû˭մ˭ԿΪеߵˣǲġ
һ˿įܿͱ˹ȥʱ⵹ϣ㡣ĪĳȾ뵽仰ǿɬĻ
˼ٶʹԼָŮǿ˵ҲղŵٶʵڿԸ˰ɣҶܵܡ
ҶЦһ̧ۿ˿ȡ
ʵû˵ʲôֲʹΪҸǸС˾˵ŻԳʹգգ۾
Ҷ˵ֺֺЦⶼʲôѽмţˣûôʹԼġ˭֪ҶķˮٻŵŮܲöݵˣԲѵ˵ԼֻǸС˾
ߣǲǳĵҵģСһȥ˸ٻ״˵Ϸҡɫһ壬ʼŻҶһڣɫҲ΢΢һ

Ҷͳ׼ôӦʱ⴫˳ĸ
ȣ𣿼ˡ
裬أͳȥһһĿ俫͵צæߴҶȥ
ҶЦһಽ˳ȥ
ֻɳѾǶһˣںͳ¹̸ĻҶ̧ۿȥһɫװŤ
ȿҸһ¡¹üͷƺڱŮĲкųȥҶֻǵĿһۡ
һ׶Ҷ̬ȣʱͲˣһʱĹĵվͳ½۵С۵Ļá
һԵĳĸǸĿҶһۣæԲСҶҲ˾һҲ˵ϻ
˸ոװͿʼԼˡ
ãС㣬ҽз꣬ǷҵŵܾСĴҲжţܸʶ㡣긧˸۾º͵˵
ҶΣһЦ϶Ժʲôؼ˵˵ɣﶢ˼ؿڿͣ
ȡȻǶҸоõ˲ðͷһûġ
һ˿Σûзʱע⵽ڳԱߵҶһ˿ɻ
С㣬֪λǣ
ãҽҶȵѡͳȵķӦ෴ҶȴĲˣ˵ͬʱȥ֣Ҫ顣
ɫһжҶݺǲˬ˵ôð˸ѡ
ܿȻˣΪʱҶһĵĿòƻҪԼ֡һ˿м겻Ը֣Ҷһ
ôϳּŮˡͷȰѳȸ㵽֣򷢵ǮˡȻҪǳ̣ˡ
ţϵľɵļӴѾȲҪСһˣƾȭڴʵʰ˻Ǵ´ġ
ڴͬʱҶҲͬ飬׼õ㾢Ȼо˷ľҲˡ
ҶһЦȴ˲Ӵ
ʱϵ亹ˣ촽ɵĶ¿ֳ鲻ֻǿʹ֡
Ҷ̧ͷ꿴ȥеĳ˭ܿĳҲûмȥ֡Ͼǳ¼ңΪ˼²̨˵ҪҪѵ꣬ŷҪ
Ҷװ˦˦֣һҺʹӡķһ鴤
꣬ҳԿˣװʲôҪģûġ
һҪ˺ݺݵĽѵһСӣֱӴ뿪ȡɫһãǿеŭ𣬺޺޵뵽
С㣬֪ûһ𿴳Ӱ˰ʹתۼͷĿʼҪĳ̶ȣҶҲǸʰ·硣
ûҡҶ˵
أû뵽Ҷ䲻ôһ䣬˲˶ˡ
Ҷǲ̫ԵˣܾС飿ŴĳԱ񣬷Ը񽥽βסչ¶˳
ȼ˵ĻյԼˣҲ˼⣬οԴͷԼ
Ҷģ˼ҵ˼ϧ𣬶һֶ˵ڷֹӸ磬һʶȤûС
ô˵أȡʱһԵĳ¹ȥˣԼеѡһֱԱҲûطˡ̲סѵ
˼ǽŵ˫ϲʿûʸ񣬻˭ʸ񣿡¹ɫһ壬ɸֵ˵
֡û뵽¹廰˵ôһʱԸʧ͸ҲûֱӷֻЩߺߵİͷתһԡ
¹Ļ÷۾һ˲뵽ôһˡ
ģȲ㣬ѵĵطҲ
ҿҶǱ֪ҶǴʲôҵģ꿴ϣȴſҶЦ¹ҲһЦֻ治һʾʵˡ
ŶҰٻŵ˾ڷԡҶ΢̣ϷʵĿŷꡣ
Ŷ˾Ҳͦõġ
궸Ȼǰеɢ˸ɾҲᾫӢҲϵ˺αغС
ҶڷôԼȻùģ̸ҲǸоģ÷ܿͽ˸绰뿪ˡ˿ͬʱҶҲڽˡ
ܿ죬Ҷ뿪˳¼ңҲҪߵģκγ¹ͬ⣬ֻ
ɫıʱʻ·ϣҶҲǽڸոڳ¼ҵС׵˾ˡҪ˵ǵʲôĻǾǺͳ֮ɡ
ֻͻȻҶϿ˿¶һ˿ζͨ˵绰
ҶĶأ绰дǳȵŮԼﲻʹ죬Ǹİɡ
Ҷа뵽ͻȻůࡣ
ŮôˣҪҪһȥ㣬ȥݣ
Ϊ᲻أڿˡ˵
ҺܲŮôأ

٩һᣬ͹˵绰ڳĵĸ֮飬ҶʾԲС
ûչ˵ĵ绰ٶ𡣰̾һǶ֮Ҷֻܽ绰
ڸ绰кٻ
ˣðƵĸո£òƵľˡ
йأôˣٻԣҶＱæʵ
ûʲô£绰˵ؼҺ˵ɡٻɣ˵껰ҲҶػ͹˵绰
ЩƵཱུҶε뵽ﵽһֻܷ֮Ůļƻżȥ


154 㰮
ڲ֪ٻʲô飬Ҷһ·϶ǿúܿ죬Сʱͻص˼
صңҶٻûлʹϴ衣
ΪûٻҶϴԺ󣬾ʹŴڿɳĵĿŵӡһ΢춯ӦǺٻˣҶҲӭ֮ģȻζĿŵӽĿ
ˣٻһžһ䡣
Ҷأںٻš
û˻ش𣬺ٻ΢΢üѵҶС͵ɡϸһ־òܣڱİȫ𣬺ٻǺģҲǵѡסԭ֮һ
ڶδ֪ıη壬ٻЬҲûϻŵ
ʱҶŵԸлŮˮϸǲʱطʿˮ
ôңٻɫһĪ̵˵
û취ʵ̫ջˡԼҶҲû룬ֱӻص˵껰͸оԾˣæһԡ
ϱˣҶ￴ǺٻæصӣվƺҪԼ顣
åٻѸӿһĨߺ죬û˵һתȥٿҶ
ٻﰵԼСģղûעҶû·ͻȻ俴оޱȡ
ôˣҶﲻԴֱĪ
Ҷţܿͷ쬵ĸоʱʲôˡһ˿Ρ
ϱǸҲǹİ⡣ҶϿҵ˵
ٻ˵åȥ·ϡ
ŮǺߣⱻ˶ûʲôմ˹˻ˡҶﲻˬ뵽ٻҲû˼ֻƵתŷȥ
ϱȵȻϾͻ
ûһöٻа룬ϻĸо޼Լ̵Ҳ֪ʲô˼ٻææľɽ¥
һԺҶص˴ȴֺٻѾˣʱ˼
˰ɣô찡˼ǰҶٶȻص䵽Ƭ̺ϳ¼ܣһ첼
㶨Ҷɧ˦˦ͷԼĻѾͶصĵزˣǽȵһĻˡ
ҶվھǰŰӵıϱ¼ܣžԼĽʱĵ˵ͷ

ϱҽ˰ҶվںٻķſڣͷԵ͸ŷ϶š
ٻʱһңͻȻҶҪֹû뵽ҶѾƿ˽
ʲôٻһŬʹԼƽ˵ɫܿͱˣʱ͹ҶҰ֮ڡ
ʲôһ˿𣬺ٻ̲סһ
˿Ժг˿µһĻҶȻ󡭡
ϱᣬҲǸ˼ٻôķӦҶ֪ܲʲôæ͵
ٺ١Ǹˣ㿴˵ŻҶתȥ¶˱¼ܣԼ˵Ļġ
㡭ٻĿҶֹΪֺֺЦ
һġٻ˸ۣޱӵ˵
źߣ̱ˣҶʱˡ
Ҷæڳһı飬ΨΨŵŵ˵ϱⲻ붺㿪һµģġ
òϣҶﻹǴﵽԤĿ꣬Ϊٻ̲סЦˣȻֻǶһ̣Ҳĳһʧ
ԭЦôÿҶ̾ѣһʱԼԺϣ
ܳȥҪ·
ҶĹȻݣٻǿˡһ治ܸһ˿⣬׼ʲô벻顣
ϱܲܲȥҾ͵˵ŻҶﻹסԼ۾ָֻķ϶
ٻǱ޳ܵļһŪˣⶼʲôˣͲһ㡣
ҶڨڨһЦЩƵ˳䡣ܿ϶ҪٸҶһ䣬ٻ϶ġ
ſڣҶ̲סͷһۡ
ŹϡڴһҶҪ͵ͷ
Ů˻һᶼƵ飬Ҷಽ¥һ뵽ٻڻ·ͺèצһ
һҪ취Ҷš
Ҳȥ·һҳȥһˣͷϴɵҶش˵˾ʧˡ
˻ȥҪԼĽడҶһ˷ܣǰҲһɨաܿͺŻСط任·ˡ

Ҷյڴϣʱץһͷ
ôʲôأҶ૵
˼ǰҲûʲô·ƥԼĳϣܹѡɴ಻ˣٻҲ֪ԼʲôУҪװ˹Ŀ϶ᱻЦġ
ţҶٴοĵĻص˿ɳϽĵȴźٻĳ֡
û·Ҷ︡棬ƻŴӦȥĶʱ򣬷ֺٻѾվԼԣüͷõĿԼ
Ҷ̲סԼ۾Ŀźٻ

ʱҶΨһݺߵĴ
һηһŮԭôǸ߸ķиҶһָ߹ĸоϵĵױǡôģûɬǳķϡҪݵĻǾֻǲʳ˼̻˰ɡ
Ҷѵ˿ڿˮǰһϮɫĺٻʵ̫ˡ
мˣһЦ˳ǣЦ˹
𣿡Ҷһ飬ٻĪϲ䵭ȻܲԸ⣬վա
ûء
ⲻϻŮҿһҶ
ԣٻɫһڣ˲ʹ˱ıԵ֪ΪʲôҶܹеŭ
ŮһҪԼߣҶʹ˾˿ûΪԼ뷢еɳܡ
ʱע⵽ҪļˣֻܸɿһԼΡ
ϱȥĶԼ᣿ҶƤ˲ͰѸոյԺԼĵ⡣
ٻ̲ס˸ۣ׳ջ£ʲôʱ˵ҪȥԼˡ
׼˾߰ɡٻ˵һ䣬תȥֱӺһ˷ܵĳˡ

ϱҪȥĶҶ￴Ŵĳˮʵ
Էû
ûأ˵Ҿ͸æܻˡҶڳһӣֺõ˵
Ҷô˵ٻҲƺֱӺԱߵˣרĿйůͷתúٻܵ˺ܾöûܹܰ
ٻʻųһſͣúʾҶ³
ҶһΧĻܰ㲻Ϸȴƽʱĵطһ˿ζ
˽ֻЩ򵥵ļҳˣٻҲԣ;Ŀǰ̻ʵҶ
ЩҶˣǺܼ򵥣رӡΪ·ŵһƺ׵۹ͲӰ˿
ҶԷĿյ̲ס̧ͷ˺ٻһۣզô˵ٻĿԷǴϻͷһΡȻһס˺ܾãܰĻµദٵĿ
ϱǰ˰ɣҶŷ첻ĵ٩˵껹ɧ˦һͷ
ٻ΢΢һһãܿͻָƽ
ûٻһںʳսĳˣ΢΢˿ҲҶĻæתͷ𴦡
ߺ椲ϸ˰ɣҲľˣǸҪǲϲһϹˡ
źٻı飬Ҷһˬ뵽


155 ͣ
ҶѶٶ̣Ҷ˺üΣٻŲͷ˵ҪμһᣬҪȸȥ·
¸綪ˣҶƵ뵽һʱ䵹ʧȥ˵ȤĪıȥμʲôʲᣬѾǺˣڻҪȥһͷҪǺٻԸ϶ֱ³ʾԼĲ
ˣòҶٻЩǸʵΪ֪߲ϲ֮ĶҶţ֮²Լ
Ҷ￴ųˮĽֵв֪ʲôԣϰԵƲƲ졣ϲŵɲĿ
СҶﻹ˵ٻ̲סһ䡣ûˣôС
ЦءҶŭٻ͵Ƕĳͷ
ŶٻԵܿ
ٶ˰֮УҶо̫գʱˣҲװȥˡشϱԼֻŵڶòơ
ϱϱٻ²ߣҶͼһ£һŹҪһЦ
ľٶֱӱٻˣȻٻʤء
ʱҶһͷ󣬲֪Ǻá֮£ֻһԺƤЦ
һϷȥգӰʦʣүҪ⣬⻹ȫأүԣ˵νܸܲã
Ҷ˵ԼͿʼЦһԵĺٻȴһ㷴ӦûС
ʧˣǾͼ
ҶﱾŲĿĲݵ̬ȣٴοʼЦҵĽǺٻȻΪֱҶｲ˸ͯ˵ģŸһ䡣
ͣһ𣿡ٻۺ̲ס֪ҪԼڣƤļһһֱ߶ȥ
ٻ˵ˣҶʱ֣æ֪ܵ˵ϱǲǲˣҽЦǲǺܺҪٽһ
ٻһੲݵĳ˾һۣ·Ѷĵı顣
ںߣֱﵽˣҪһﻹãڶҶȥˡҪģûġ

ٻʻųͣ˸õſڡȳͣˣ̲סһѾʼԼľˡҶˣֻʺϹڼʵǲӦ÷ų
Ϊʲô뷨Ҫ鹦Ҷһ·ϵ޳ܱ֡
ϱȵҰٻޱĶԼ̳ȥҶæں溰
ǲеˣлáҶ˵̫໰Щɬ촽һ뵽漴Զȥĺٻ׷ȥ

ϱ۲ò
ĳƷƵڣҶյĿžеԼֻоܡȻҲװǲϲϽĸо
ҾͦˡٻŶȻ˧ҶԵ˵û˵ʱҶīɫװ£͸¶һ˿ǺٻҶϴûмġ
˧ҪѣҪҲԸⰡԱСյš۾ðŷɫ
Ҷ²ΪֻεĽʵ˵·ȻŲǺܲ
ѵǴ˵еĺðӦǷ𿿽װ˿װҶһ
óԺɫѾīˡٻ˿ʱ䣬˿ʱ仹ļǾкĳϳ
Ӻܿʻһûʵľŵǰ
³Ҷ̧ͷһʢ껪̲סһ˿пǮ˵ǲһֻʱȴǺԼʿеЩ
ڳڸҶ˵Ȼӳ֮⣬ܶĳҲȥ١
ڱܣҶٻǰʿ֣ʾٻ΢΢һ٣ĪĹâͺȻҶֱۡ
ߵˣԽԽˣҶòʲôôеС
һһصĶڳٻ¶һ˿ƻ漴ɫһƽ
ٻٻҶ˸һţͱѵĵȷˣæûһɤ˺ܶ˵Ŀ⡣
ȴкٻǳǳЦһ£ͳ˹ȥҶﱾԼתתģΣٻԼֻܿƵĸ˹ȥ
Ϊʲô˵أΪҶ￴ΧһŮˣΪһ鷳ˣǲԸǲһ
ǲٻŵܲߵǸе˭զôûм
һԽͯŮϡ

˵ĳƽĻ᳡һʱ˲СĲһЩ߸۷׷ȻҲһЩĽʺ޵ˡŮȻǼʺٻô˧а飬еǺ޲ðҶӳȥԼںٻߡ
еһǸС˵һмһʱ侹ȻΧеĹ
ҶЦݵںٻߣΧЩȻһЩԲȴˣֱӡ
ǾĽɣʰɡСզ
ɧͬʱҶﻹ˦һ˦ͷƵĿΧڡ
Сӣ̫ˡҶһܶȺ궯Щ˳ȻһĺôһûкҲ׵ķ
ٻٻλ˧˭ôǰûмȿͻȻһİˣæԵʵԵЩʵĸŮҲǽĶҶ·ҪʱԵҶһ
㲻ʶٻĿŴȵȣʱоĹǲе㶪ˡ
ԣһϸҶоЩϤȴ벻˭
С椣òͲʶˣ񾭴ȣҶ̲ס٩
ҶԭڡȾһŮӵıԾɡ
Ҷɫһڣô˵أʲôʱˣУһһҪһѵѵСѾͷ
С㣬áҽз֪꣬ûҺͺСʶʶٻһž˺öˣǰ߹ʿɲǻױԵõˣĶ
ȻͬڳķꡣʱǰѳȵԺȻҲǱ³ֵĺٻǷȱġȻиص㣬Ƚ֮£ѡ˺ٻ
Ҷ︹ڵŴγͷȵʱһϤĶ
ûҡҶ￴ŷ꣬һζ˵ʶȤ˱ϾˡҪǲ죬ҶһǲбŰ򰡡
ߣʲôعʱ䣬ﲻСںţ˿Цڶʱھ˰ԸҲ磬ܷйһĲˬ
˵һ룬˾ʹסˡȴȣɲȣⲻǸôʲôطȻҶҪȫûй˼ҲǼٵġ
ʲôҶϷʵĿŷ꣬ȴŶԷģȻѾ֪ġ
ҶոءһԵ²֣ʼ塣
ԣɫʱһƬǺ죬޺޵Ŀһȣתˡ


156 ĸָ̽
ҶһηȾȻôɰźۼľڷ˿˰Ρ̲סЦںߵ
쵰ҲҪʾлģַʽȷʵܵȵĵִʱ
˲ֳϵĺֿٻ̲סһֹ˲ĵȡȵĵҶôʹ˰ݡ

λǺãҽһ£ҽл档ⳡ֣ϣҶ֧֡ýȫϣ̣вƷҲǹղؼол̵ĿףҲʽʼ
Ȼл棬췽ţƣﶼˣǲ
ûһ˰ͷҵҪǩȥ

л˭ܸߵӡΧ˶̸ۣ֮£һԵĺٻʵ
ٻ̲ס˸ۣһǰ׳յӡҲ֪ҶУ֪лҲ
ʡ̨һ㣬ʡǵǧ𡣡ٻ䵭Ļص
˹濿סĻҪŹġٻţȴûзֲ֪ʲôʱʼѾ￪ʼϿҶˡ
ŶõͦÿġҶ￴̨ϵŮˣԵĸпŮѾԺͺٻһϸˡ˵ٻǱɽŮôлǣȸԾŵľˡ
ǿʼһƷл˵ͬʱӹһԱĻ
ǹĭƷΪɽӡʧΪһȻǾƷļֵҶ֪ҾͲˣڿʼͼ888ÿμӼ۲10򡣡л΢΢һЦһԡ
1000̨л滰䣬¾ֱĵ1000Ҷֱ̾Ǯԡ
һʯǧˣŵһ1000̨֣µҲǷ׷׼ƷļֵعҲһϣҪˣ϶ͬʱܸл¸ӡ󣬺ֶΪ
лЦӯӯĿ̨·ˣʱĶڴȻⳡκ棬ܸƶɽȥůġ
ҪҪҲӼۣҶ￴һԵĺٻѯʵ
μֳϵˣǻǮӣ¶¶ȻҲһЩĹעƶġ
ȵȵȰɣٻü˵ҪΪģ·ĳЩ롣ٻȻҲǸţǰòž˲ƲѣǮ֮ʡΪܲãҪǺܶ⣬ȻʱͷԷȵ׷硣
˽̸ʱ򣬼Ӽ۵ҲԽԽ١Ͼ۸Ѿܸˣ˶ʼ˼Լĳ
ҳһǧ򡣡л׼һʱ̨ٶ˼Ӽۡ
Ҷ¶һ˿ЦÿҲ֪˭
աúɽһǧĸ߼˳ȥǰҶ︺뿪ķꡣ
¶˴Ǵ֮ʡ̲סŲԶҶ￴ȥȴҶҲڿ
֪ҵˣһüˡƨãǮһС˾ʲôӱȡ
аˬĶǶҶıӡ
һ̣ٶŤֻҶ߸߾ֵ֣ȭָ˳תȥ
ɫҲ֮죬ɺ̣ɴɫ
ɵҶڳһͣһƵĿŷꡣ
쵰һҪ㡣ҪֻоԼʱᱻѪӳ֪ڣܹ衣ȴһεҶԸͷ
Ǿ͸ˡҶ΢΢һЦתͷͺٻڷʲô룬ȫĿǷΧ֮ڡ
Ʒһһıȥ۸ڰң񡶴úɽôߵļǮȴûг֡
ٻһֱûг֣ڵȣһʵĻٻ¶һ¶
ֻĸָ̽ݿһλʼҹļױĿǰĸָ̽˵Żл濴ееĲƷ¶һ˿Ů˶ǰģôĶĳȥǲᡣ
׼300ÿμӼ۲1ڿʼл˵꣬ЩĿ˽ָһۣįһԡ
Ҷ￴˿Աߵĺٻֻ߲֪ʱҲһӣȻٻֻͶصĽָҲǶˡ
ϲ𣿡Ҷʵһǰº
ٻҶʵһԥ䷢ֺߵﶼǳϿңжԵĸжСŮһɵĵһͷ
Ҷһ˿ޣ漴ҲĶĽȡѾöָ͸ٻ
һʱûע⣬Ҷ﷢ָֽ۸Ѿǵ800򣬲ûг֣ڼӼ۵ȻŰ˾ŸȻҲС
ƾ֪Ҷ֪ԼҪǳֿ϶ᱻΪԸǳȻҪ÷ǳֶΣѾƣǷȱľʱˡ
ҳ1100򡣡ոջİȴѪˡ緢ĿΧϵЦҲԽԽŨˡȰöָˣ͸ٻʾ⣬ŮǺ˽ģûмֵܵסöָջ󡣵ʱ
е˶֪öָȻ󣬵ǼֵҲᳬ1000Ҫǳʵʼֵ̫࣬˶ѡֻһ㣬ֱӼһһڰѼ۸
Ҷû˼Ӽۣ¶һ˿Ц⣬Ļˡ
1200򡣡Ҷ΢΢һЦ۸ֳ˼æĵĸܼڰܼҡ
ԣһ鴤ۿֵѼӾôˣɶʼٸҶһֱ̣޲˺Ҷ
Ҷ￴꿴ȻʾһƵĻؾ˹ȥҶˮòֻεٴμӼۣڷ꿴ҶȫڵңѾ¾Ҫĵ֣ǲõġҪ治Ӽۣò˵ǿ϶ġ
1300򡣡ҧгݵģٶȱ˸֡
1350򡣡ҶԥٶȼӼֻۡ50ʱΪ˸һԼʽļ
٣Ҫ췽ʵʲҾڹ⵷ҡɫ˵׻˵ƭСѲʩҶС鷳ֻ֮Ҫ
Ϊ˷ֹ˹̧ۣȨôġ췽ҲǱͻŪЩ֪롣
ٻšл漸ŵʱҶԱߵĺٻͻȻվ˵
ҶȻ˼вһůϱǲġ
ҶٻţȻû˺ʵʲıҪ˷겻ԼĴգⳡϸ³ˡ
1500򡣡֣йһЩҶﻹȥνֶھԵʵǰǲõġѾǴע⣬ֻҪҶﻹҸͷʱӣҶȴҪС
1600򡣡ҶٶȼӼۣѺٻһ˭óڿӵҶءû뵽Ҷôɴϵˡ
ôٻŭĿҶɸֵ
ͬʱҲǰˣΪԸҶЩ鷳û뵽ֻǸͷ࣬ûӡ
͵ɡ
ڳһЩҲǿʼпС̫ᣬǱ˿ˡ
ָӹɵĳҶҪȥųɣһԵĺٻʱѾҶˣŽʰ̯ӡ1600򻨳ȥֻҪԲٻžҪƲˡ
ʱҲ뿪λ˹ͺٻһŰ취
ָԼˣҶ˿Ǯ⣬ȫõġҲȱģԲȱǮ
ԽĺٻˣҶＸ˵û˵ڡ
ǮϹżʲô
ȻúٻȻûҪﻹůůġЩ취ܡ


157 Ůв
ֹһСʱԲһ45Ʒûһģȫ˳ĳЩĴҵǻٶЩջ
ٻΪҶûг֣ʱĺٻ˻ΰҶﲹ1600ĿӡΪ˵Ҷ
ҲζеҶҪȥ̨ˣҶźٻǲע⣬Ҳ͵͵߸ǮҪ֪ҶǰʱǴӵȭжĳ˲Ǯ1600õĳġ
ǮҶװûһصԭλֵǺٻ֪ȥˣѵȥϴּˣҶû취ֻԭصš
ܣǰٻöָ֪ܻܲ죬ҪＯʽ𡣡ٻεʵϾ궫ûǮʵ̫ˡҪҶҲĵˡ
ʲô׻˵ֲЦˣȴ˿û򡣶öˣҪӲҪӡ֪ûǮ˵Ǹʲôġ
Ȳ顣ЦһͰѺٻһߴ绰ȥˡ
ܿ죬ܾ͹˵绰عͷĿźٻˡ
ǲŪˣöָѾȡˡ
ȡˣôܡһһʺţ׼ϸʣͿǰܺѾ뿪ˡ֮£Ųֻ̊߳
Ҷ￴ٻӺ̨߹ʱе˲
Ҷʵָô£ٻޱʵ
ȥ̨Ǯˣ龭ҶﰵԼͿòƸոȥǮǲӦáһӺٻķŭϾܿ
ϱǮҸġҶһ亹æ͵˵ŻæӳСֺõĵݸٻ
㿴ǽָ͸㡣
ٻһһҶݹĺӣֱ߳˴ȴʱҲеɵˣ죬ȻҶ˸˳ȥ
ˣ˶ԼֱˣҶ̲סЦһﰵԼͿ
Ҷ֪ԼˣٻΪԼƭһܲӦá
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ٻںڿҪߣôܳкܴԭҶӣ˳ֽ
Լæ취ĳ˾ȻһϷǿɺޣȥĵˡ
쵰쵰ݺݵĹϳţٻ̲סйŷйžȻſڷϿ
˲ϵĽӴ֪ʱٻѾҶﵱ˰ȫĸ壬ܷͻȻ̮ںٻ˵һβСĴ
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ëһŮȻԼʱЦһߺ椣ǲǱģøܰһ£㿪ţһﻵˣ缸ĵġ
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Ů㿪ţȻ缸Ҫҳ˰ëĺٻСĻȵĽ̲סļ˵ҪּܵŮˣ׬ˡ
Ҫҳڻë˵вʱͻȻһϷʵ²ûκθ顣
СӣӵҲҹܣëתһֱƿڴ
СƣʶĿҹܲƸ£ǻòͷ˰ɣëСҲʼ
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ҪһЩˣҶûй棬ΪٻڿԼء
С֣Ҷ֡СǸϴëû뵽һƬ˸ҶԼ˶֣϶ǲʶԼԶԷһǵϻģǲ˼ķԸһСҶ
òƲʶడҶ΢΢һ̾
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ëҪ֪Ҷ뷨ƻ޳Ƭ̺󣬻ëСǾͷ׷ױҶſڵϡʹ÷ȥģ֪ǲ֪Լߵˡ
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ϱû°ɣҶ￴Է뿪תͷųĺٻʵ
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ĺٻȻҶֲҪĺֺֺЦϵıҲǽʼڡŮв⻰һ㶼û
ҶŬվûа׷ѣٻǴ˳ţҶ˳ֻҶֻںˣȻڸʻϣٻһɣʱˡ
ȥ·ϣٻһ仰û˵
Ȼˣһʱ仹ԸԼҶε뵽֪ӦûԾڳ˯󵽼˻Ǻٻسŵѵġ
Ů˻ǲҪǵĺãҶ˸ۡ
ؼԺΪٻֱ¥ҶֻܻصԼķ䣬ϴ˸ͽԼˤ˴Ͽʼ
ڶ죬Ҷˡʱƺٻû𴲣ֱӳȥˡҶȴֺٻѾϰȥˡֻ֮ܲݲݵĳ˸;ͳȥˡ
Ҷ￪ųŽȥȥſ˳һϧʱԱҵôˡ
Ϊǰ̨ĽӴʶҶҶֱ¥ϧʱİ칫ȥ
ˡϧʱΪ鷳أȴϾš
ڴһ䵭Ҷһϧʱ˳ƿ˽ȥ
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쾭ôļӡҶ̲ס٩һ䣬Ȼ˸ط˳ʾԷվˡ
ϰôй˾ô硣ϧʱʵ
Ҷһ̣Цĵû͵
ȵʲôϧʱҶϤĺܣȻ̫н
ȾˣӦ֪ʲô°ɣҶ￪żɽʵ
Ĳˣصİһʱ仹ûѡáϧʱ΢΢һüεĵ
ԣҶĵ˵ͷϧʱİǷĵģҲ
ѡص鲻һҪѡõģٸʱ䣬Ӧù˰ɡ
ǹˣֻǡ


158 
Ҷ΢΢һüЩĿϧʱѡĵط
ֻõı׼ʲôѽܵøҸŵİɡϧʱЩί˵ⶼʲô˰˦ƹˣԼĶʽҲȫܡ
ԼŰ죬Ҫ̫ߵĵΣһҪ⡣£ҶҲǴϻͷһΣԽ˷ϸ׸ϧʱ
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Ǹϰ壬ȵȡҶҪ뿪ϧʱٶȳ
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ҵţҶһǷҵţһЦٶʵҵʲôͷʵǿ𣿡
ҵŵĶ³кڵıǰϴ׵ġΪǧ˿Ƶϵʵ͵ĺܿ졣ȻˣǷְɽʵĸ߹٣ǵıɡ֮£ǿʽ𣬽زҵƺ¢Ͻзزҵơϧʱ渵ϸǴŲʡʵҲǺͷҵűҪһءⳡ̽ķƱУҲǺΡ
ŶͦӵġҶЦһҲû˵ʲôֻǷԸϧʱ˲ԷĵףʱȻа취
뿪ţҶŸոյ飬Ҳû˼йˣֱӿųؼˡܵļڣʣˣʱҲ湻ˡ
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ŮٰҶпһ䣬ŲԶڳԷһŮһǳɫȹ毺áһ߳ԷһߺԱߵ˵Żǵһ۶ǰ㷢
ܿŮͷҶ͵ʱ̧ͷۺŭĵҶһۡ
ˣҶƵջĿ⣬ʱĶĲˣĻֱӶϵĲſʼͷԡ
ߣûļһǲסһǸӣ˲佫ҶΪ˿С
ƣ˵ʲôأԱߵĹۿü΢򭣬ɻʵ
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뵽ûˣȥҲûҶɴܱ߹˵ҲɣܿǰŮԷʱҲǷ
ģǸ̬ˡƿҶæ߹ۡѾҶΪβɫħˡ
ɣ㲻ǿ˰ɡĲĿһҲǷҶټ
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Ҷа˲ǰڨĴ㣬ɧ˦˦ͷ׼뷨жʱȴϺ
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Ӧм°ɣҶȲԾǿҸɰοһԼ˵ġ
ûǵùֱֶ̬СԽֵĳ䣬һδؿ˵ԱߵҲһСŮӺúµı顣
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ȥ·ѾʼǲӦúͺٻһ£úһֱԼǿɲҪġ
ͨ¹ʣҶ￴·ΧһȺˣɻ뵽
ȥҶļʻųڱӵĳ䴩·ֳʱ򣬺Ŀһۡ
ⲻǸոǸŮѵײˡ
ƴʱжίˣɫǡؼҵ·ϻɵģųǰװˣ̲סһҧгݡ
Ůײ㵹˵ɣôվѵˣƸһƵĿŲ֪ƣ߷߲ƽĺ
ԼģʲôϵһԵӲĻӦ
ֵڶڵˣ㻹˵ûϵλ˵ǲǰƸһŭԼһ˵Χ۵˺ӦȴֻЩСܣһ۾Ϳʱɵġ
㿴ɣҶ˵йϵô
ôʱһȺдΧ˼æÿһ·¶˵Ҷ
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ҶһζĿνĲƸ磬ɣԼһٵĻë
磬ô㰡һᡣë˵ɷǣһʱñȿϻѿæװ
᣿ղŲĺܿ𣿡ҶЦһϷʵ˵
ûûԼëϵ亹ѾˡװӲˣȻٱһ٣Ҫʧһҽҩѡ챻˼һ٣˺ܶҽҩѣһȺһ¾׼ɣһϻˣһҲ˷ѣ֪겻ײҶɷǡ
ǲҪǣ
͹Ҷû鷳˼ëתߣ˻ڵϵһš
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µˣΧΧ۵ȺҲɢȥҶİҲЩ˲ǰ̸ʡȻҶﲢ֪ЩʱЦеĿŮ


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лл㰡ҽƣġü򭣬ܿͺòĻӦȴҶĺܣѾ϶Ҷһֱβǡ
ιһֱǣƲ˼ƣľ̵סһ˵ţһ߻һɵı顣
ҶһɫһڡҰǺòãôͳβˡ
˰ɣҿûáҶޱصԼĺı˵¿ηΣ˭кɫ
㻹Ʊ磬СԽֵʱһֱǡԹԵ˵Ȼûע⵽Ҷȴǽ۵ֱۣͣʹɫ
ﲻ˵ʵ̬ķֹԼһʱǱ䱾
С㣬עԴǣҲʲôνβ壬еı̬Ҷɫٱ䣬ҲӲࡣһٱᣬҲǷŭ࣬Ȼڳֽѵ֪ߵغŮˣҪԺǲܵġ
ģˣˡϾҪˣ۲Ҷõæ˵
Ҷľӣʵûʲôġƾǰһᣬæ͵
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ιߣ˵ˡļҶﻹû˵ߣܸģɶ˹ĨǵԼæȥҶǰ档
ġҶһƿߣͷҲصͣ·ߵɫʱȥ
Ҷƿվסίƽ˺üμûӦǰȥû뵽ĵ档

Щ飬ҶȻǲ֪ġֻ֪Լںƣİæȴ˺ݺݵıӲ˵һñӡ
ҶصҵʱɫѾƿ߽ȥֺٻɳϷĤһʱ־ڻҶҲûд˼
Σ鲻õҶȻȥƵĻصԼķ䡣˼ǰ󣬻ǾӦóȥϾԼƤ񣬲úһ£̫˷ˡ
֣һתˡٻв뵽ںߵĵ̫˽ˡûûƤԸ񣬿Լ϶Цһѵǲ˼
ٻ˼ţջǿ϶ԼĲ²⡣ʵ֤СҶĲҪ̶ȡ
ϱҲĳһ̣ҶһЦݵٶȳڿɳϵĺٻ˵
ǽɽ׸ıưٻֻҶѾǲäûˡ
£ٻڣȻĿʡ
ԣҶбһԼԼɫǸԭµģҪЦ˼ҡ
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˰ٻȻҶվڿβѣҲҲС
ôСأҶϴ亹̽Եʵ
ȻǺٻĲԲ
ϱԭ¡ҶﱾҪϱҪ˼ڡ

ٻʵܲˣŭ
ϱ˵ˣһǲˡҶٻʱԸ˵֤ٻѾԭĿˡ
ϱһˣҪҸ㰴ĦĦҶȴںٻû֮ǰ˹ȥɳǰ
˵ҶôһẮٻоԼͦ۵ġҲûԣҲͬ⣬Ȼ־
Ҷץٻ㣬߳˸սӴʱһپû˶жʱǵϷҲҷֻİš
ҶרĵİĦźٻĽģ˿ûоԼʲôסڰˣҪϸǻʲô֮⡣
ٻĽͻǺܺÿģƤǾѡɫ֮Լ͸ŵĺɫֺ£ȥʮЭûһ˿ζҶİĦ˫ϸ𵭵ζ

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ʱһĳ˵˼ҲǻǰĽҲ׵˾ȥˡ
ʱҶѾ˺ٻСȲλٻȻûпܣҶΪ
ָǷ۵ļҶҲǽӿ졣Ժеҽѧ֪ʶܿ׼ѨλİѹмȲҲᡣ
ҶİĦٻֻоԼһƣҲһɨգ֪ȻЩûвߵ˫Ѿȥ
ٻ˯£ȹӣҶ˵㼫ˡҶҲ̫˫һֱںٻϥǸǻԺߵ˽⣬Ҫǻϣ϶⵽ܾò׻͵պпٶȽš
ŰĦļҶԽԽˡжɫʵǺٻջ̫ˡҪҪðһʱ򣬺ٻȴ˵ˡ
Ұһͷɡ
ʵϺٻ˺ܴľĲ˵仰ģոû̫ע⣬Ҷ־ȻѾϥǴҪٲڣһһ㣬ʱͲ֪ôˡ
ϧˡû뵽ٻʱ˵ҶֻúܲĵķðյĴ㣬վ
Ƭ̺ʹ￪ʼлٻˣΪʲôأǿ϶˸顣
һʼĦͷҶ;ϲķ˺ٻǰĴ÷⡣ļѣٻ˯ȻǺܵͣҶﻹ֮ܿһ
źٻͣķ۰壬ǵҶ̲ס˼ڿˮ
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˶̰ģҶȻҲ⡣ʱһ۾ѾԿˣ͵ƵҲԽԽߣֱ۰Ͱ͵ĶǶջʮء
ͬʱϵĶҲȴԽԽ٣Ǳ緢ˡ
ûҶڿҪҪҿʱ򣬺ٻ˼·
һȥʲôʲôƻҵĺ£Ҷĺ˼Ļص
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Բʧ̬ˡٻ΢죬ҡҡ촽˵
Ҷһһϲ֪ٻǻعˣȻԹæ˵û£й˾ͺá
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֮󣬷һ
ֵܣлл㡣
Ҷﲻ֪£ʱĺٻҲںͬһˡ


160 ĿŵĶ
峿ҶʱѾʮˣʱɫʹһֱֳ˵ûй顣
˸òƲŷӦԼˡ̲סЦһָоƽ̫ˣҲǷ
·򵥵ϴҶͳ¥ȴĿٻ˽쾹Ȼûȥ˾ϰ࣬ڲеĳ͡
ףϱûȥϰࣿҶÿһ۹⿴źٻԱٻıʵЩ
йϵٻȴ֪ĳҪ˻׽ɴһ仰ҪҶ򿪻ϻӣõ糿òƾҪˡ
ٺ٣ҾǺѡҶٺһЦʾԼûйܶԷ˼
һûٻʵ
Ҷһ£òû¡漴صôϱǲһȥ氡
ٻԣ̧ͷһ۹һӡҶﻹ¡漴˵òĩȥ衣ҪȥĸǲЩ̫ͻȻˡ뵽Ҷ̲סüͷǴ㶩ǰһȥˣôҪǰˡ
㲻Ը⣿ٻԱ䡣
ҶЦһæͣ˵ģĸҿǰͲȥأ˵˻ϱţҿ϶֮
Ҷô˵ٻҲ˵ʲôͷԸԼ͡
ǸϱҶ￴źٻԵĿĵģ¿һȴûҵԼǷݣ̲ס֣׽ʵ
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ҪϱٳԵ㣬ʣµĸҡҶƤС顣
˻治Ҫ֪ʲôأóٳԵʣµĸ
ٻţ̧ͷĳһӵһҲʶֲҪ˵ӡ
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һжģŲáһ㶼û֪֮ҪһжʱˣٻѾҶвҪƢһĵֿ϶ƿڴ
ʱ䣬ҶĵЦڽԹ֮˾͸ʰһ£ƻųȥաҶٰǿ£ٻڴӦҶĳС
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뵹ЩԩҶˣҶļˮƽһֻ۱һֻۣҿԱ֤⡣
еҽԺͣʻһɫıʱݣһλƽȵͣ¡ܿ쳵һһŮѵȻ಻ȴԵЩŮȴòʲ棬ʵ˴󲿷ӵı顣
һźðײˡʱԱ߹ӣһ˶ͬߵ˵
С㣬˼ˡһȴǵͬĻԷˡ
Ҷ΢΢鴤ϸЩŤԷ˵ô
ⶼʲô˰Բ˵ᡣܹײˣ𣿶ļһüƽϡ
Ҷ˲ףɧ˦˦ͷһҲмǼƽϵӡܿ͸оԾʲôײ˰ʲôʱˡҪͷ˵۵ʱȴ˼ûˡ
ʱһԵĺٻҲ̲סˣͿʼЦѵÿҶԱҪǲЦһЦԲԼ
ϱžĲˣҵ˵˵㡭߰Ҷһ²Լĺٻ֪߰һȽµĸ߸Ьŵŵŵıǰȥ
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ĸ᲻ۡҶﺩЦȴתͷĺٻʹգ˼۾ú߿Цá
һˣСһⶼҫһ¡˼ǳҲŸִģNɪôǼ˼
СҶæʲôأҲңҿǺءնҶԽԽϲʵëԼŮٺʲˣҲ֪ٻһ˳ʮֲס뾡ٻɻ°ˣҲôˡŮӱϾŮӣҪǿվҪһ˵ġ
ĸʵˣֻȽæԲϵڡҶ۾˵Ϲģʱúٻаӡ
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ٻţ̲סĵһЦҶԼᣬΪʼٸߵҶȴ˿ֱ֪޳ܵ˼㡣
ѾͷҪˣƤôȻҪˡտûô࣬С˶׽׽ŭ˵
˵ϣٻֻӲͷƤ߹ȥͬʱݲݸҶһвʾҶùص㡣
ʱҶ˵ǿĵ˼㣬һΪٿٻ˳Աһ棬ý̫ԼˡҶֻҪԼ֣֮Ŀ϶ûϵ
źٻ£һɵ˱ǶҶһߵ
ĸֱ̫ˣԺһҪúТТ˼ҡҶһţȴǲʵ
ȣֻװָٻĺ󱳡ٻԱ߲ҷв⣬͵ԽԽ
ҶﻻָΪƣʼںٻ˿һĦʱúһٻΪ˲ֻܿţֻǷ躬ĵֵֻһۡ
б˲ռ˵ּҶȻΪٻССвͷմķ㡣Ȼ֪ںٻΪΪ
ٻǿʼڴһˣҪԣͱˡʱĺѾɱ⼱Ͼδ£ƽҶżռС˵ãͻȻɳԵˣܲˡ


161 µĸ
պͺٻ˵ŻȴԼŮЩԣտʼֻΪԼˡϸ֮£ȴǷҶ
ΣղգﷴϾҶԼŮһͬ˵ġȻû飬ʵӴһµҲûʲôһ㿴յ˼뻹Ǻܿŵģûһظ˼
ţվͽʳȥϲ߳˷䣬ʵΪСӪ硣
뿪Ҷʱһû꣬ٻҪǱǾͲˡڲײͲôˡ
ϲǣȻȥˣٻȴûпӣСʱһ˵Ľ
ѵϲָоҶﱻԼ뷨һҪҪ̽һ£Ҷ￪ʼ
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ϷҸͻȻҶһʱ䶼ҪжĿˡѾţԼһƬʹúٻɽڻļ
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ʱͻȻһԵĸˣҶͷͬʱٻҲǾ˹Լ֪ʱѾǰ뿿ҶĻٻϵĺθˡ˵Ҳ֣ȻûбֻǷŭסҶ⣬ݺתһȦʹúһ졣
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Ҳϲһ˰ɡ
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ֺһ죬ڼҶﵹʶȤûëëšһ㵹úٻԼС˺ߣҪҶûӵĶֶŵģֻ˵һﲻˣǾȲԼġ¶ҪиȣںٻҶһȻɫµķ絹ͦõġ
Ϊ糿Թ۲Уĵʹ죬ֱʱ֣˲һȥ˸ҶﲻͣĵڷΧȻһƬЦ
ͰͻҽԺҲǸˡ
ȥ·ϣٻǳһֱûɫ֪ŮĵҶҲֻһֱЦʱԼַúٻһۡ
ϱ𣿡һصңҶЦĳЩƣĺٻʵ
ٻΪԷڹԼʱһůӦȴһӣ϶ʱתơ
оԼòˣٻʱ߷߽ӵŭ
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ϱҪҪȥϵϵ鰡
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¥ûеĶҶջǻطˡѾ¶һڲϴˡ
صĺٻȻҶȴĪʧ漴뵽˰飬ϸǴ⡣
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ЩǺ󻰣Ҳᡣ
ҶطԺ󣬾׼˯Ͼһˣ̫۵ġϧȥ˯Ժи˼ǧ
ʼ˼ԼĹȥ֣ЩƬٴŵӰһ㡣ĸֳնںһ̡
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˵ҶڻܻţΪȡĻҲҶ
ģһչ˺ٻٻġΪĲֻ㣬ڻҡҶ˿̣һŨҵ̲ζڷﴫþòϢ
ʱٻķͬһĻҲţŸԼΨһһƬ֮ɫ
˵ʵԸ񣬶ҶĵʮִֵģϲԼһ㵹ǺҶơʱƣںٻҶҲǷ˱仯
ԴӺ֣߳һֱڲİƣ֮иʵöִֵ֮Ҳʧ飬ʼɻԼǲϲҶȻܵĸоԼ뷨Щĵǽ췢ȴõ֤
ѾѧȥҶĹذˣֹذǳʲôĿģʵȴǷˡ
紵ǵĴС͵£ҲһĳƣҹɫĽŨأһҲǿʼϢ
ڽȴȻأǶߵŮ


162 Ÿ
ڶ峿ٻЩʹԴήҲ¥ݡ˳Ҷ
ٻӵĿһǺĺߣҲ˵߽ĳڵȴǲ֪ҶֱԼԼĸȻѡȴ
ϱǵøͣҲˡٻԼҶæشԱɲһûԻԼ֡
Ҷط±ˮʪһ˳˳ʱٻڳæΪ˶ӵҸҶֻװɹԱڲϵȴš
ãٻ׼;ͶҶһҲٻۡһʱʳָ󶯣еһץȥ
ȥϴ֡ٻ俪ڣ˳ĵĳ˺ˮɱ֡
ǿɲУѾһڲϴˡҶһͷԴǵ˵
Ⱥٻû׹ҶǱ̨ʣֻһĿǰĶǣһ㲻ϴ־ͱԶı顣
ܿͷӦһ˼жʱ뵽飬һƵĿҶ
ҶԼ˼ٻˣڨڨһЦȴû˿ҪȥϴֵļֻǿĿĺٻϣٻ
ҪٻСһͲҶʼԶ
ѵͬˣ治ϴˡҶϷһϲٶȶǿ˵ļץȥ룬ȥֱٻȥ
ʲôҶʱˣҺٻۣȴֺڽζĳŶȻû˿˼
Ҷֻһʹվطϴȥˡ֪Ҫǽ첻ϴ֣Լֻܶˡֵģǿʵ̫ջˣԺ϶лᡣȻ֮£ѡЭ
ϴˡҶվڲǰ̧Լ˫֣Ƶĺٻȴרĳͣͷ̧һ¡úòװһιԱҶ˲˼ߡ
ʳջ£Ҷﻹǰƣһڼ仹ѺٻǷ͵һ㣬ǵúһۡ
ѵһĺãҶĵĿųڽϹš˼룬Ϲ䲻ȥ˾תתòƺܾûȥˡ˳㻹ܵϷϷٻһ᲻ġ
˾Ҷֵķǰ̨СȻڣǻ˸ףñŮϵϵҶһơ
ǰ̨ǹ˾ԱڵġҶĴк
Ҷ˼ô飬Ȼ˼ӡкĻǸŮȻСҲȺ߲˶١¶һ˵ЦݻӦ
ˣŮá
Ҷô鵹ǵǰ̨ŮһЦƬ̡С֪ĶðܵҶߡ
Ҷ磬ȥˣûո˵ˣҾܹˡС첻Ҷϵ˵
ٺ٣е飬˼١û˾תתҶٵĻӦ˼ӣֻܲܺ˵ʧȥﱸͺٻĶʽɡ
ߣվˣȥġҶͣں뿪ʱ䣬Сʱ˱ӳְ⼸ĺòڿҶȻ׼ŪóԵģϼ
ԴˣҶȻǲܾźٻֻʱܾС롣ϾϱģҪǰ·ˣǾе㲻ˡ
СҶﻹٵϷһǰ̨Ůǰ̨Сһ󼤶ֱҶǶԼ˼ˣһʱ㽡
·ƿٻİ칫ң׼һɤ֤ԼĴڸУҶȴֺٻڰ칫ң֪ٻȥˡ֮£Ҷֻڰ칫ŵȺٻ
ܿ·ֻ֣ٻ칫ҵϰŸʼǱԣҶϸ֮£ȷʱٻƽʱõǸ
᲻ʲôƬ֮ģһʱҶɫĴܹȥһؾͼʼǱǺٻĺԣʱʼǱȻûйرգʾλá
һҲ˷ܵĿʼѰܿ죬ҶһļҵĶ
һٶƬҶоԼʵ̫ҸˡȫǺٻƬЩεģЩǼĵġǰۻҵƬ뵽ٻȥˣһʱ϶ǻزԴͷʼ
һǺٻվϦĵģӦŹߣǿúŽɫȹһʯȴһĺˮ
Ϧӳ£ٻ䷲ʹһŶɫȹһ̸Ǻ׵ƤΪһ壬Ϧ·һվŮǽõݴʱŷ·ԹԼĵЦݡȻΨ
Ҷѵ˿ڿˮʵ̫ˣѾʼҪҪƬͷԺ͡
ڶƬȴǺٻԡµƬȻɵϲʩ졣Ҷ￴ȴ˿ƽʱŵױĺ߲һ˿ڼԵʣٻȴҶδĵƤɫʣҲŲɼĵ̺졣
ӦһֻֻģƬϺٻֱֻۣȴ¶ĿУ·һƷ

ſƬӣҶһƬ
ʱ칫ҵű˴ƿٻЩƣ˽ܿϵƣһɨգȡ֮ɻ
ôˣٻҶﾹȻԼİ칫ңʱʵʱûע⵽ҶڿԼĵԡ
ϱʲôûζƬĳˣͻȻ䱻ץ˸УʧվԶ˲ˡ
͵ҵˡҶΣٻܿ׹ʱɫƵʵ
ţҾǵȵ̫ģԵġҶСĽ͵˾˪˵һ
ٻʱȴȥֱͣ˹ͼҶﵽʲô
ˣҶ￴˿ϻûü˳ȥƬ϶ʱ亹ֱ
ٻϵƬȴûϷֻǿٵĹصҶ򿪵ĶȻ̧ͷĿһҺµʼٸߡоԼǳװݸһˣǣҲС
οҶڵı飬治ⷢʲôһڹ˾һȥ˲߾ҶǰҲ͵ٻоٿһҲʲô¡ʲôԭ򣬷ٻΪġ
ȴû뵽֮ûҪԭǲ֪ʱҶЩŵΪһôִˡ
֣ôûҶ￴ɫһȴƽĺٻжʱˣѵǱǰƽҶﱻԼ뷨һ˶ˡ
ϱô𰡣ҶʵӦԼ뷨
ٻĺƤ̶Ƿˣ޲ھҶܱܲĥԼˡⶼʲôˣҪԼ𲻳ɡ
˾ʲôԼҶĶ֣ٻֻתƻ⣬ȻһһָҪʲô
ٺ٣ϱˣ㡣ҶƤһֺõĿźٻͼΪԼǰΪ
ҵġٻһЦһֱԲмĻص
Ҷƽˣ㻹ҪˣǲҪɫĺá
⣬ҾԲǹġҶæΪԼѣҡͷ仰ĿŶȡ
ıݣȴǺٻһۡ

Ҷںٻİ칫ƤĴһᣬٻʵܲ죬ֱӰ˳ȥһҶﺰһ䡰ϱҵ°ࡣƲֵ뿪ˡ
ңŽȥС׼˳ԵģûоƣǿҶǿģûơһʱûȻĸûûˡȴ벻Ů֮ģȤĻ⡣С°ˣҶһ뿪˼ңͣȥ
ٻҲ°ˣȥѳȻڹ˾ſڵšȻԵЩߵҶȴںϾٹ˾ҪˣʱڸҲܡڻҫһ£ֶΪ
߽ͣſڣǰһĻͳ׻ǰװƵĻ롣ΪʱٻĳһҶ߿˹ȥŪҶʱĳ嶯
ϱô˵ҶﲻĵĺһȻܿȥԼĳѾǴ㿪ȥ׷ˡ׷һѾͷƨɡ
Ҷѳ·ϵʱȴĻкٻӰò׿ˣȴֺٻĳոչ˺̵ƣԼȷʵסˡҶĶʱҪǰĳ̫࣬봳ˡ
ȵڹ˺ƣٻĳȴʧãã˺䣬ǻܿ˿
ȻصһҪѵѵȻҷϹĸӡҶ޺޵뵽ȴǺνԼֻһԸѡ


163 һ
ҶĿųصٻȻڱվţûнȥ
ѵڵң椲ǴϴɡǲǲôƨˣҶһţһٻ߹ȥ
ϱǲǴϴģҿû˵ű߰ڳһҺܴȣ㲻õĵӡ
ٻһ۶һ׳һҲߣԻص˱ŪҶòƣվԼΪ˱Լɡ
ʵٻҶҶѶˣ뵽ǰŸոʹԼҪʣǲԵ̫һЩ
ҲԹ϶Ҫ׼ָģǲӦȥָȻʱǰҲŪòǡ
Ҫǰյ˵ܶã˵ʲôӣȻٻЩִ٣ҶûҲ˵ʲô
ҶȻǲ֪ٻʲôأƵĻصԼķ䡣˼ŴǲҪӻȥȴûԼǲ̫Сˡ
˼ʱҶĵ绰һƵĻϧʱģ͸æ
ϰ壬ҲѾˡϧʱЩص˵
ŶȲȥ˵һôˣҶŵ绰Ҳ˵ɴ࿪ʼһ
鳡صҺˣϰ㻹ϧʱµû⣬һʱͲҵŵĵϸܿĳϾҶ飬Ҳһöˡ
УȥһˡȹˡҶ˵绰ɫõʲô
һˣҶͼȥš
Ҷһ򿪣վĺٻͼæڡ
𣿡
û£أҪʲô
ԡҵˮ˵⣬Ҫҿɡٻ˵ҲҶͬͬ⣬ת¥
ҶƵ죬Ů˻ǰͲܸԼɫ룬Ǹźٻ¥
ô£ûˮ𣿡Ҷɻʵָߵҵ϶Ƕڼ޵ģ£ЩסĴԹҪǳ⣬Ҳе
ǰ֪ôͻȻûˡٻƵĻص
ȿҪǲоҵްɡҶ˵Ż;Գȥ
ܸɾһЩ֮ĶҲŵĺ롣´һۣҶʹϴȥššˮͷ纮ٻ˵ֻˮûˮ
ҶͶʼ鿴Ū˰ҲûŪ׵ʲôԭ򡣿ҵһˣţҶվߡ
ףʲô
Ҫ뿪ȴһԵЩΣ˲伤
͵͵һۣٻҶͷԵ˹ȥûһ۰ɫС㣬ĳһ˷ܡ
ǺٻˣŻҽ䣬÷ҡа룬ҶֱС㣬ʱһ漴ĺҲŨҶСʲôĵ飬ǶȻ俴ٻ£˷µġ
ҪҪ͵Ҷ뵽ʱٻԼϾˣҲܰԼô
ţҶѶڶϧʱ⴫ĽŲ
ŪûУٻҶ첻Щ˹
²ãҶһæеСзŽѸ٣ȻҪŵĺٻˡ
ʲôٻҶﱳԼվȴûڼϴ裬ʱɻʵ
ŶûʲôڼأƿǹܵˡҶѶģ˵껹һָͷĹܵ
ٻæʵ޺𣿡Ǵϴˣû뵽ͻȻûˮһˣٻԼҪǲϴĻƺ˯þˣ֮²ȥҶ
޲ˣҵ绰ɣǿ϶֪ôŪ
ǺðɡٻʧĵͷòˡҶﻹվûߵ˼̲סһ롣
ǲȥ˰ɣˣԼˡٻţɫһãѾڿǽôӦˡ֪ܿԼˡ
ûȥ˰Ҷ̧ͷ˵漴ͳſȥʵҲһᣬϧո˴£ºٻˣͼæ롣
һתˣٻ˿ųҵҶһɻ󡣲ܿͷԱ𶯹¡˲ôˡ
ҶﲻҪٻɫһƬߺ죬æԼС
飬ûеץסҶҲû취ҶԷ鷳Ͼ£ôԿĻԼ
ص䣬ŸոտĶҶͺèצһڡʱٶȱ졣
ѵˣҲǸһáǺܿĿţԼмҪ汻֣㶼㲻
ٺ٣ϱôǲǰˡȻĲУһû˵ӣһž͵Ϸٻ
ȳȥһ£Ҫϴּ䡣ٻûҶĻһĨ糺죬˵
ûã鷳ġԣҶĳ׷
ܿͻعζҪϴּ䣬ջ
ȥɡٻҪԼϴ裬Ҷһͬ⡣ҶûзԣٻҲû˵ʲôֱӰҶƳţȻŷˡ
ŮˣҶվڽյǰһƵӣϴϴ£ҸϳǼ˼ôɵˣѵ㻹ʲô͵ǿ֮顣
ҸһҪ氲ͷҶﲻˬֹһ䣬ͷɥɳȥ
ȴģŮ˸ġ
ԼһСʱȥٻƵĴҶķȻҲһƵҶ׼¥Ϣ
ϱϴˣֻԡ۵ĺٻҶӿ죬Ͳסĸо˾ϻͼٺʹŮ׽׽
ҶĿֺȴֻǻٻһۣȻĳ˵ĿףǱǱ̬ȵġ
ϱ㻹۲ۣҪҸ㰴ĦɡҶȻĵʵ
ҲۣҪǺģԼԼɡٻһӵĻӦС˭֪ǵ˼Ϊɵ
ٻﰵ˵漴ҲһڴҶ¥һĵҶ
Ҷоһ˴ڿû˼ջǻطϢȥˡ
һҹ޻ڶ糿Ҷﰴϰߣ𴲡ȶһͻ˸ͣʱٻѾϰȥˡҶҲҪһ¾ͳš
ŵʱѾŵˡҶͳȥǰһĻȴע⡣
ֻŵǰΧźܶˣҶųӵѾȷˣæ˹ȥ
ǽҸ˵ѪǮķӣھȻ⣬ⲻǺ𣿡һӣһָϵƬһߵ˵
Ҷ￴ܣ־ոշɣڳĳ˼֪ıµһû֡ȥɲУҶûջ˵Ǽ٣Ҫô̬ķչȻɶԷôȥҪý屨ˣôԿĿ϶š
ҶЩƬⶼԼڷĵġһ˵ţһ߽ƬɢΧ۵ȺƺҪø˵֧֡
ҶﶨһƬϵĵطǷӣӦװޣЩҡҶעǣһôͨǽֻǽȻǿĵģשһЩʩȥ
ҶȻݽ裬ҲףҪǴ϶ɡȻյԼҶȴûгȥܵ˼ֻĵȴţϧʱĳ֣ϧʱ϶֪ء


164 鷳
Ҷϣܿ߳һȺˣΪ׵ϧʱģȴȺҵ߹ܡ
ô¡ϧʱһæһԵıԱʵΪҶվȦûϧʱ
Ǹʵıæһ飬ϧʱ΢΢üµȥ
ãܾϧʱǲ̫˽⣬㿴ǲǽȥԺ̸ϧʱЦŵҲ֪öԷôڴ֮ͥº֣Ȼʱſ϶ûô
ܾΪʲôҪȥ˵ôҶϧʱԼȥЭ̣µһεӣֱӾܾϧʱ顣
ҵ˼ˣžԲѹˣֻ⣬ȵˣһһĴ𸴡ϧʱɫĻصҲ̳˺Щˣ˼öˣû´һ˶׫ݺŵġ˶࣬Ȼֱ˵Ȼͨѹ˵Ĳӡ
ǱǸĹ˾ô˵ĻǲȥˣǾŴҵ˵ͺˡһмȥ
ֵܣΪ˽⣬㲻ȥ˽ôһȰǽȥ˵ģҵ˸񵣱Ի㸺𵽵סϧʱＸѾܿ϶⣬ģһ˵ѻ

ϧʱķȰ£ǸȻǺܷŭ뿪ˣҪȥš
Ҷ￴Ȼˡ׵˭ҪԸţԼķ롣뵽ϧʱ֪һЩԾͲ˷ϸˣȺгϧʱ
ϧʱһҶҪкȴҶʾⲻҪšϧʱİ칫ȥ
ϰ壬⡭ϧʱһž͸ղŵ飬ȴҶֱӴ˵һĻ
֪ˣ㲻ý͡ң˭ݺšҶЩĮʵ
⻰ϧʱһ㶣漴˳˼ϸҲûʲô˰Ͼ羲ĶǺϷ⡣ڱ˶ˣǾֻһֿܣۺŵԴߡ
뵽ϧʱȻһ˿⣬⻹Ҷġ
ϰ壬û᲻Ƿҵţ
ҵţô뷨ҶȻҲŲ²⣬ϧʱķ
Ҫ֪سǿ޴ĵ⣬ȻֱͬӻŲɱľ£û˻ֶΣΪֻҵ໳ɵ۹⣬ʱҶܡԳŽ¢ϽеҵѾں˵ҷһ£ֻзҵһġϧʱ˵Լ뷨ҶȴǰԼɷҵΪܣϧʱǴһҵĴ۾ġ
ǰǸˣ˺úöţҪǷҵڸôͻƵϡҶﵭ˵
ϰҪϧʱЩԺæʵ
Ҳǰ˿ãǶ־ˡҶһЦ¶һɭ׵ݣϧʱνסһ
ڰ鵽˵һ°ɡҶɫ䣬Լû֣Էٶ۸ԼƢòɡ
ҵǰǽһɣǰЩƯףȦ˶֪顣Ȼ࣬ǷαȴһЩŭԹ顭
ʡǣҶﾪʵεĿϵʡ⵹ǰûԤϵġѹַҵʼš˵黹ֵͦġ
ϸ̽һ£ȴû۳ӹһһҶҪ֮£ϧʱְҶȥһ³Ķ鳡
ص㵹뽭вԶǸ̲ϧʱ˼ǵʱȫװһ£ΪҶĶصһҶ￴˿ǰƽĺ棬ʱĺ磬Ĳ֪ʼ
طҺ⣬ѡɡҶﵭһЦϧʱͷҲص˵˵껰δһ
ϰ壬Ҿﲼ˰ϧʱҶ￴Ҷ⣬΢΢˿˵ﻰҶȻԼСƽʱǰҲڼӣϧʱЩηҶ
ǻȥɡҶﵭڣ漴ͳԶͣŵıʱȥ
סǸ˿ã顣ٷֱʱҶֲĵĶһߣõϧʱı֤֮󣬲ſųʧںߵ
еæˡҶ￪ų΢΢һ̾¶һ˿˼ҪҵţͱסĿڣȴʡǣȻġ˼룬ջûͷҶɴ಻ȥˡ
Ҷ飬֪ͻص˱ʱҲֻһˣ֮£Ҷɴɴ˯ȥˣһ˯磬Ҷﱻĵ绰ѡ
ι˭أԺĽ绰ʾǿˡ˽˺ΣҶȻûкͶԷú˵˼
ϰҡ绰ﴫϧʱ
ϧʱҶＱæͼԼָϧʱٸ绰ÿζ¡
ʲô¡ȻԼԼЩ²⣬Ҷﻹǿʵ
ϧʱʱ󺹣ȵģŵġڸոգɳȥµˣ棬Ǹˣ¥˿Ҷ֮Ҫõģû뵽ͳˣһʱ治֪ôҶ˵ˡ
ϰ壬ǸˡϧʱЩͳ˵
Ǹˣĸ˰ҶһʱûӦ뵽ܿ뵽ʲôˡϧʱµǸˡҶɣķʵ
ϡϰ壬ǸϧʱĨ˰ϵ亹ѾЩˡʹǸŵ绰ȻĸоҶķŭѾˣȻ
ǸˣҶһʱһ֮𡣲˿𣬲칦ͳˡаһϧʱסѹסĻʵ˾ˣ˵˵
ɳȥ˵뿪ţȥ˷ҵĴүֽзꡣ֮ͻ˼ңǵû취ȥţû뵽һ¥ɱˡϧʱҶʱûԼĳ嶯ϵĽҲȥһЩæԼ˽Ҷ︴һߡ
ȱˣԼ취ɡȻ˽»治ϧʱʹҶҲû뵽Էô졣ȻˣҪԿҵţֻҶԼ취ˣϧʱǰﲻæˡ
˵绰ԺҶٶȳ˼ķչѾԤ룬Ҫ˳Ľ飬Ҷǲò˰ˣ˭黹治˵
Լڽʶ˻治٣ҪŪһʡǣûĿ궨ҡ
žһͷҶҪڻģһž˵Ҳ˵ͬļ𣬾˿϶ȫһ㡣ԶϴεĽɵжҲˣڽеȻǲͬն


165 ͻƿ
ҶԼһ£ȥԶ׶ԷĿڷ磬ҪԶܳ棬ôҶڰƲ϶ܳɡ
纮ٻҶٻҪȵĵ绰˵ǶˣʶôˣȻûԷĵ绰ǵúٻһۡ
ͨȵĵ绰ҶͿʼ̽Զæʲô֮ģõԷҲûʲô飬Ҷͷ¾㱸ͲȥݷԶˡ
ڶ磬ҶȺԶͨ˸绰ȷ˶ԷڼҶ·ҡ
òԶһû䡣˽źһҶͱԶҡԶҲ֪Ҷʱ²ߡ
ҶϵܣӦɣԶżɽҲӣھʵ
ҶٺһЦǱʵò˼ˣʱŵΪϲ̨档ϸǸˣȻ㿪ҲͲˣȷʵ¡
֪ϸ֪ҵţҶ￪ڣ̽ʵ
ԶԣĿһԼҶ漴һüϵǴԸҵţ
ϸ˵ﻰҵĿǵС񣬰ȵĹԼСӶѣֻŷҵ̫ͣĻᰡ
ϵܣ͸ףѷҵô죿ԶҶĻ΢΢һЦڽٶʵҶҵĹϵԶҶģҲҪиȣҪҶͷҵǲݵľ棬ԶҲҰ
ٺٺ٣ϸģֻҪѷҵŸϳǾͺˡԺôͺûëǮĹϵˡҶ΢΢һЦ˵һΪ뷨ܵ͵ļƻ
Զ⻰ͲҶ뷨ˡҪѷҵŸϳУ˵Ǹ·˵㣬ǻ˷ҵŵĻҵ
Զǲ֪ʼ鴤漴üʵҲϵܣ֪ҵͷ˭
Ȼ֪ҵͷûĻ˰ɡҶﵭĻصҪĴڣҲ鷳ʹЩֶξԽԷŪڹ֮С
ԶʱЩˣĵҲ̫ˣ֪˼Һ㻹ϡҲ֪Ҷӣ뷨Ȼ˵
ϵܣ㻹ҪˣȻԹۡҸ飬һԡ϶Ը㣬˾ס
һˣҶһ漴ˣҲơ˵Զ˵ˡܺ˴ߣȴʵס
ϸ磬ûа취Ҽһ档Ҷæ
û취ԼȥԶ̾˿˵
Ҷһ϶ʱ˼ߣ˵˰㶼ϹϵҲ͸ûа취
Զû취ҶҲû˼ڶˡܾ˺Ҫ緹룬ҶƵص˼
ԶĽʡǣҶ˼ǰ󣬻Ͳʶܺ˴ϻˡһʱ䣬סˡ
ջصңҶֻˡһǰ׺дģҶɻ˼绰
ϸ磬ôҴ绰ˣһΪæ˰ϵء
һ绰ҶͿʼ٩ð׺йЦ
ϵ˵ĶĻô㡣㿴ⲻ㣬绰
жʱûڵ绰ﺮһᣬٹҵ绰ʱ򣬰׺ҶûпգһȥȲ衣Ҷ룬ư׺£ԾûоܾһڻûȻһѣȴһʱܽġ
Ҷ￪ɫıʱݣܿ͵˺Ͱ׺ԽõĲݡʱ׺ڲſڵ˼һĽ̸˫˫˲ݡ
Ųʦݺò裬˶û˵ֻǶŲ豭ϸϸƷζš֮󣬰׺̲סˣȿ˵
һֱ˵ɣ鷳ҶϵģܸܲҸõĽ顣
Ҷ΢΢һЦ漴뿪ЦĵΪϸǲ˵ء
ϵܻǸˣҾֱ˵˰׺渵
ҹ˾鷳£ҵǰʱչҵĹ˾ʱûͬ⣬û뵽쵰Ȼġǹ˾ſƺᡣ˵ţ׺һŭ
Ҷ⻰΢΢һ㶡Ƿҵţôʲôطҵ¡뵽Ҷ˫΢Уֳһ˵ǰڷҵ֪ʶɵĻôҶѾȫȷһжǺ߸ùˣĿľΪ¢Ͻзزҵ
Ϊҵùأû뵽ҶϸˡҶ̾˿糿ŵ˺Ľ˵һ顣
̫ˣ̽еķزҵҲ°׺һߵ˵
ҿҵ̫ԴˣԿֻʱ⡣Ҷﵭ˵
׺ЦһȻô˵жټҵܵȵƲһ졣
֪ϵôӦԡҶ˽⣬ҶʹǸԿһΣҶҲȥж׺˼תҶôġ
Ŀǰûʲô㣬ֻһһˡȻͰ׺н鲻ǳҶҲ֪Щǲ˵ģνǰ˼ԶǣǲҪģԾ˵û뷨
Ҷô˵׺ҲˡϾס˺ܶˣڶһҶҲ֡
ٶһҶ͸˰׺ж뿪ʱɫƻȥ˺ٻ˯ˣҶͰѳͣһʼɢ
＾ڵĽУʹϣҲܵͣӽЩװŮϾܵóۡҶһ飬һ߲ҹֵŮϧûһҶ뵽һ仰Ůǰ¶棬óֻϳķݡ
ʱ绰ٴҲǸ̾Ǹ֮һƴģæ绰
ˣŮôҴ绰ˣˣþûϵˣҶ̲סϷ
绰ͷһͲŵ̾ϢеԹҶŵ绰ҶԵĸоĵˣԩңҲϵңֻϵˡ
̫æ˲ǡҶæڽ͵ԴӷϵԺϵ˺ܶࡣʵ˫ܸоԵǲнġ
㻹ææŵϷŮɡ

Ƭ̣ҶͻȻʶ˲٣˵ʡǴߡ˳һ䡣
ҶһʣʶˡƸһˣҶҲǰл档Ҷл³һ棬Ȼ죬ĴӦˡ
˵绰󣬿ЩüĿˡҶҲǷȻ֪ܲܳɣϣܱûϣáǰԼһæ
һ·ؼңҶĶӦô˵룬Լôû׼˵ķУȽӴӴ˵ɡ
ؼʱٻȻû˯⵹ҶЩơٻһֱעˮ棬ڶʮһ˻û˯ټĽ
ϱڵҡҶ΢Цʵ
ٻһҹҶҲ֪ʲô󷴲ǸոĤ
ϱ˼Ҷ֪ͱˡҶٺһЦæ٩һ׵˼
޳ܣˡٻһ˿ŭǱ˲˼һ㣬յ
ŮˣǸֵҶĿŸոջ˵ŻĺٻᾹȻֱ¥ˣʱ
ȻٻûԼ˼Ҷһʱ䲻磬ͻط˯ˡ͵ȥл棬Լñָþ


166 ޾
峿ҶʰһУʹڼƵϢٻʱֺߵԶ࿴˼ۡ
ѵȥףϵľͷ񾭣װһġٻȻɻȴû˵ʲôӣʹ˵ĹϵѾʼҲʡ
ҶҪ֪ٻʲô϶һͷײǽϵĳ嶯ԼҲ̫ʧ˰ɣֵһͽмⲻ۸
ҶļУһСʱڴ˵绰˵лͬˡҶ˿ͬʱͼæԼصȥ
лЩ֣һͽӵƵĵ绰˵ԼԼܵ˸ԼʶлЩִģֻǺԼȻ˼ѡǴѧʱڵѣϵһֱܺáǸ˵ˣѵˣл˵ʲôҲܾܾ
лȻϴӦˣȴţˣҪǶԷҪЩ֣ʹƵӣҲæϾЩУҪǱó˵£Լ׵ӰҲá
ԼõĿҶ﷢òվԼӦǿԴһһɫ³ȹĳе˼¡һͷīɫĳȴûƽʱһţɢ˿ڷĿĵƮšէȻһǸഺŮѧ˭Ҳ뵽Ǽ˸ˡ
ô磬ôȥվšҶ֪ʵĴкЩֱӺˮ飬ڨڨЦš
ҶķӦ۵һ˿ʧ漴ʧʵ˵ĹϵҪٽһǲܣһࡣҪ缸ҶǸǶõ顣
Ե־һ˻һˣźһȥǸˣ˼һȴʵʱһ
㵹УҶһ滹·ϣȽȥɡƲԹ˵Ҷ߽˿Ϊл滹ϣԳò˶ûе㶫
ôеĬҶ̲ס̧ͷһڶƣûһʵ
̧ͷҶһۣҲûʱشʻֻ˫ĿҶ֪ҶЩ˼ˣƲŵóѰЦ
һЦȴҶЩһ˲ķ黹ԡҶΪԼΣװĿһӡ
ôһߵҶϰˡƵĿǻӦҶǰʻȴŲزסԹ
أֺܲãҲƻͷһתʵҶŪҶشҲǣشҲǡ
ʱƵĵ绰⵹ǽЩεҶźۼ˿
棬㵽ҳ㡣л绰˵Լˣæ˵˵绰뿪λ
ҲһȥɡҶԼ鷳Էǲòȥһ£ȻﲻϲַĿ׷ʽǳòҲʱ׿Լ뷨
ſڣͼл˳ҶһԷŰµA6Ƕл߿һۣŮȻǺܵ͵ûӵӵĹٶ
л濴ſڵĶˣһ˿졣Ȼ˼죬Ҷﻹӡġ˵̽ô˵ķһעⶼѡ
Ʒƣˡл漲ܹӵһ𣬼ĺûһӡҶԺߵǳһЩøС
һ飬һԵҶΪҶ￼ǣѼ͸л
棬Ҷξ㡣ԱߵҶڽܵ
лһ˿ƻЦŻصýˣʶٻŵлô˵ƵЩ̲סźۼĵһû˵Ҷһۡ
Ůãܸʶ㡣Ҷ˼ǰ˸صĿףǴкǵлһ漴ʼЦ
˼˵˼䣬һȥϾŮһվڽ̫עĿˡ
֮ƾͿʼлҶ￴аһ£ҪǴʱ£˲£л氭ƵӣҲһʹĴӦҶĴμ治̸æ飬ȫΪʶһ¡
ȵϤˣҶл̸Ҷ⡣ҶЩƿˡ˴Ůһֱڻѧʱ飬ҶŷԼ˿岻죬ֻһԸš
û˿˼ҶҲ˼ϡ֮£ҶͿʼоǰĿ
ʱһߺ˵л棬ȴÿһĻ˵ҶӡǺһ㡣˵һμϣʱлΪֻǸܼӶѣڿ˵ǲȻܼҲܼʱ̫ȷǾͳŵԼҶǲġлţȴûͣºƵ̸
л棬ҲһֱעҶܸоҶһǲõģźʹ˼񣬿ϧлֱˡ֪лڿҶԸ
һԸĺûܿһ˵ıԣνĿһ߶ȫʱлѾĸоԼǰĿӦǴġ
ʱһ̶ɲҶ̧ͷһüһ¿ľú
ʲôҶţóɽһһԲʷıδ󺺡·磬ټֵ壬·һʱԶԶġ
һ³Ͷſ˽ҶΪⲻҪ鷳ջԼĿ⡣
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ԣҶĿһл棬ԭģҶ̲סüͷͬʱлһ˿Σæվȥһʹűδ˽
޾˵˶ٴˣͲע㳡ϡл治˵һ䣬ߵȴࡣ
ǸⲻǼ޾εףΨΨŵŵĵ
лҲ޾ĽֱͣӸ˽ܵһ£޾ǷƷƣҶ
ʱ޾ע⵽ﾹȻˣǾͲ˼ĺЦһ޾ĵҲĸ˷ֳСȦ˵ŮȻǼԼĻ⡣Ҷ˵ȷʵ֮Ļ⡣
ʱҶŷ޾Ȼһӣȷʵɧθڣ˽һ㶼Ե衣
ҶֵܣƷƲŮѰɡ޾һĵûȵŮʵȻͣĶŮע⣬û취ռôһ㣬벻ѡ
Ҷ﷢ƺעԼֻǺٺһЦû𣬲Ҳ϶
޾ҶķӦֻ˻ûйϣæʼȰ˵ҶҲƵͬѧȻǶ˽һЩ
ٺ٣ҶֵҪպûᣬϴѧǻ׷Ƶ˿һǿŮһҪ֣һڡҶû뵽ǵĴͣ˿עɫʼ仯ŮԹԵ˵ϲðһ亹


167 
ǲҪתһ»⣬ôҪԱˡҶ޾˲ϧǸͣٿѾ챩ߵŮԼǲҪһ޾
ҶֵܣҪǰУˣͷһҪҺϲơ޾Ҷʹɫδ˵
棬Ҹоĳ˲̫ʺ㣬Ҫһͷ¼ܸ¡ƣһ߳лʹɫһ߹˵
˵һ뷨أҪͷҽܸõġлĬϵ
޾ɲˣʱһƵĿ˵ƣæ̣Ҵˡºú˵ǧҶҪ˱ͣȻ죬ֻ΢ЦĿЦֵˡ
֣ʲôҿû˵ôһ⣬ż޾һۣ·˵ٴ֪ͣҵ˰ɡ
޾ʱǳ˻һп˵ֻܸЦŲǣԼ

ڿһʱ䲻ˣͼƻųȥԸԷʱ޾һȥҸط棬ѵ÷ɵŮȻͬˣҶ뵽ԼҲûȻҲûоܾ
˺ιԺ󣬾Ϳųֱɱ򽭶KTVͲҹǡ
KTVҪ˸аһЩ̣֮Ķ޾ҶһǷҪȾƵģֻлһɾͷ뷨
䣬˾͸ԵһЩȻʼ
һ׸ƵģֽϤĸ裬Ҷ΢΢һ̾չǷŲεԵ֣档һԵлҲƺ뵽ʲôһֵĿҶ
һźİſе֮䣬˶ݵԵղ£˵һԹֻеĸпǧ
ƵѡĸЩѰζ֣Ҷˣһˣ˶Ҷ˶ǲԼͬѡĬֻвԵ޾ƺҪ˵ʲôȴл漰ʱֹֻڨڨһЦ
Ƴ裬ϵįһɨգƺ˵Լ˵Ļ˽һ㡣һԶлһ׸лˣֽڵȵ㡣
ĳͻ֪һ˵ѰʼµζʱôĽĳ·ͻеҹԽԽ١
лöŶǰɤԭҲǲضãȻ˵һ½кá޾һĿźߣҪǻҲǸڣ˵ȥл汧תȦ
޾ĸˣҶЩˡʺ𣿲ŮһȻ˵ӣҶҲûбֳʲô
ְ̫֡ؼ𣿶ˣǳȥˣϣôҲҲ
޾һҶѾ˴Ц׼վһֻһԵŮŶЦһţͲЦˡ
ʲôǴȰЦֻᳪǰСŮǸܵ꣬Ҷʱо˶ˣһǼʶʲôˡٿƺл棬û˿ſƷС粻ͣ
޾һ꣬ЩδӡڵķӦʱˡ
𣿡޾һҺ˵ı飬ʵ
ûû⳪̫ˡ⡭Ҷﻰû˵꣬ٶЦ
ϱҲ۸ҡ޾ҶϵôæתĿ꣬⿴л棬ͼѰο
лɫһ죬æ˭ϱ׽˵껰ʹ濿˿һҲʶӡƴʱҲǱлĶЦˡ޾һƵϵʳйߡ
ʱʧɣҶͲϢܿȡַ֮·ٰĲɣ
ע⵽Ҷı仯һ漴Щ
²ҪᣬѶꡣȻĨȥ޶ĵסҪ˹ȥúüͲҪٿ׷ҵϢǸ⣬Ŀѣԣʹȴ̫ס㲻ȥ
Щ˸еҲǰרţ޾Ҳһ˿͡
У֣ҪǷ꣬ҪǷԲԡΪ㲻ֻҪаʹһ֪ûҲ᲻ͬѾ̫ҴңҺúʣҾûʹڷС
һˣҶﵭһЦ֮ľҵԴϴγһ֮ϲ׸Ҳĳֵط׸ϰɡ
ĸַѡڼ޾ҲĳһףŮıָǿȦɵ㣬ҶֱС
Ϊʱ䲻ˣ˾뿪Ͳҹǡл޾˸ֻʣҶˡ
еҹǺģûؼңҶȻֵĶһᡣȻҶﲻ֪Լʲôо֮÷Ķˣһεǽ˸˫˵һĥ˶Ĭѡᡣ
ʵĿҶ￴ǰԵЩƣ̾˿ǰȥ˺޹ǵС֡
ҲûзƫͷҶº͵һЦû˵е⻹ҶĲһ
ơҡҶҪ˵ͱָסǡ
Ȼʹ࣬վǲҶ˵Ҷ˵ʲôܲ˵Ļ
ҹɫŨŨЩҶƾôվţŶڶ˵ůĳһ̣ı۾ƺǵȴʲôû΢۽ëҶ΢΢һЦ漴˵ĺ촽
ĴӣƵȻһ漴ҵĻӦ˾˵վڴϣϸϸĸű˴֮⡣
ؼҰɡҶʵʱѾЩ̲סеˡڸոѾףθ飬òŲ¡ԼپҲûãβ㿪ĵһȻ˵ܲƽҶ֪Է˼Ҳġ
һףͬҶĽ顣
ܿ͵Ƶס˫˼ǲԶҶ˳µĽƵı
ȥϴ衣һƿӵҶ˵
ŶŶԣҶֻƵȥ䡣һʱԼٶǷӵ˼ޡ

ϴˡԺҶﴩŴãٶȳƵǰʾѾʰɾ
ϵĺζʱ˼֣æƿҶܽ䡣뵽ƿ϶ҲҪϴ裬֮£ҶֻƵĵȴš
Ƶķ䣬Ҷһ·ɫϵװεӣ¶һ˿Ц⡣˵Ů˵ķ䵹ĺܰϴû̫ע⣬οɵúúÿ
ڸţҶ˼ڷ﷭ͼҵԼĶһȦҲûҵҶһӦ¹¹Ҷﻹûҵ
֣ѵ¡ҶƵ뵽־òǣΪƿ϶Ǵŵģǵ׷ˣҶôҲҲ
ʲôأʱԡ˽ϴɬɻĿ˽²鿴ĳˡ
֣ҶȻôˣŷǧƣҶʱơ


168 ٻ
һ´֮Ҷ￴ڻһȺļˣĶᡣ
ƾСèƵã˾ҶĻ˸ղŵĿ꣬·ʱΨҶŲܸȫС
ƣոеôҶ￴һƣƣ̲סϷ
ȴûץס⣬ʩչŴ̷۵ҶʱʼģֱƲǿŹҶ
쵰ոһ㶼֪ϧ˼ңڻҳЦңá
Ҫ˰ɡƹ˵Ѿ¶̫ˣи˱ȵ˯˵Ǻݳ޵ˡ
ҶԣﰵС治ǸҲߵģ˵뿪ˡ
ƵĶһ£ҶٶȲڻеĽҶĶƸոջĺҲٶȼ
һʱ䣬ɫķԭʼһĻþòϢ
Ҷڶʱ̫ѾɹƨˣҲԡսҶ¶һ˿Ц⣬δĺ塣
ҪһģǱ˯ˡҶ֪ͣҲ˼ŲǼæϴãܵϴȥˡ
һҶʹվڵĳſڣæŵƣҶҶҲţ;վ￴ǰܰһĻ
ĳһ̼䣬ҶﾹȻо˼ҵůƾһٳż¡Ժеͷůůģ˵ĸж
ò˵ƵҶһУһҶЩ׽͸ŮˡǸǿƵŮܲãصȴҲܰѼҴľ
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˰ɣȳȥһ£ϾͺáƷҶ￴ԼЦһ£˵
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ʱҶ̲סǰȥӺıסơкʹ̲סһ
֣û취Ȼаϲǳ֣æ˵
ɴ಻ˣֱӳ㡣ҶߣջϷ
šзһ˿̣Ʒ˸ۣһƿʹĳˡ֪ȥ;ĳԲˡ
ϵĽߣҶЦһ߳˳
ܿ죬һʢ;ͱƶͶ˵ҶȻʳָ󶯣ʼ̻Ƶĳ൹˹ĶˣֻСڵĽţʱͶ̥ĳˣһƬҸ
극ʰˣҶ͸ϾҪȻвᣬǸϲŮˣԵͷͬˡٱǰȻһȣҶЦ뿪Ƶס
ų·ߵķ羰Ҷ￪ʼ˼ô죬˵лĽӴܳɹ˳ʶ޾޾ڵ޼Ǻܳģһ˻ؼңһ˴ھְֻ̺дƴ
޾ǸˣŴУͷΣ˵ĳɾѾǺ˲ˡҶͶԷദĲ˵Ժܰﵽʲôæء
һ˵лԼˣһҲǹؼһóֻҳлϵʽҶһᣬٶȹϡ
Եе㼱ˣԼл̸ɡ˾Ҷżȥͬʱٻʱȴڴϣͷ϶ǺˮɫЩ԰ס

ҶｫͦãԱߺٻĳжɻѵûȥϰ࣬ǳʲô˰ɡ
Ҷͼææĳűȥȥ֮󣬷ֿҲûкٻӰʱֲԤУæ¥ֺٻŵģҲƿ˽ȥ
ϱôû𴲣岻𣿡Ҷ߽ȥڴϵĺٻæʵٻյЩͿѾȻûҶʻ
ŴûҶҲ˲ǰٻвˣæܹȥٻ԰׵ҶﰵԼһ
ôȣˣٻĶͷʱһ̵ֹĸоҪǲ֪ʲô治Ǹҽˡ
ϱڸоôҶһȴ˸ٻƣæʵٻεԼҶһҶȴǰ䶼û
ʱ͵¶ͷӦøٻˡǴó롣һ£Ͱѱƿ׼ʩ롣û뵽ⲻƲҪһŪҶľһ¡
ѾͷȻ˯Ҷﲻ˼뵽ǰһĻʵ̫ˣмĲУҲǲƵĲмǹźٻĲܿԼƽҲ
䣬Ҷܿںٻ֫ؿڴֱ룬ܿǰ˳˳ָϱӣ˿ɫʼָĺٻҶ˿
ԼڻˣҪǵٻٻ֪ҪԶٿͷˡ
ʱƣٻʶҲѹһĵҶٻһƫͷȥߡǼǵãһһҹδ飬ԼΪСڿ˯˲ðġ
ϱоôˣҶЩʵȻ˵ֻûһƲأչǶ飬ԼΪȥûںٻҪԼʱߣ˵ٻ᲻ԭѣҶԼҲﰵԼסԼǺȥĺ֤úչ˼õģûǻ
ܡٻòֱӽһĵҶﶥһ㶡
ЦһҶٴοʼֺЧȷʵ⡣֮Ҷͳ˷䣬ˣǺٻûȫãʱҪϢ
˹ÿһöٻҶȥˣжʱһҶûġи¶һʱԲߣú˵
˼·ҶٶȳţҲûͼܳ˴šȥЩٻЩˡ
Ҷǵøи˵гûȥżе·ߣʮӲŵũóгתһȦҶϾͶһӣ涼Ǵ㼡ⰾ㼦ģ뵽ԼĳգǷ㡣
صҶͿʼڳæµּ򵥵ȻᣬȽˣҶͰѰõĽŪһ룬СĶ¥
ϱȱ˯ˣһ㽪˯ɡһȻĺٻҶæЦʱߵſڡ
һôãҶֽˣתȥġﶫٻԲס뵽
죬Ⱥˣܺõÿһ㡣һ˵ţҶ˸ںٻǰǼιٻȡ
ʱٻɫѾ⻹ǵһиʱչҪ˵ﲻҶǼٵġ
ϱιȡ˵ţҶͰѺٻͷµͷһ㣬ʾԷͷ̧ߵ㣬úٻһۡ
ٻҪܾҶιģʵ̫оɬˡ뵽Լû·óֻεĽܵʵ
ҶᴵеĽ˲ŵصٻǰٻʱߺһƬ֪ܾˣ׷ǹԹԵĺ˽
ٻҶ֪ѾǺˣȻԼιġ
ǷͳΪܰһĻСιŴϵŮӺһ˿Ķڹߵĳ£Ŀ˱˴˵ϡ


169 Լл
ϱڸоõûιٻ꽪Ҷæĵĵ
ٻŵҸУоҶȻЩģʵϻǺںԼġصöˣȳȥɣ𴲡Լӣٻһ졣ʱ֪ԼͱǰΪԼĵĺ߿ˡ
ȿȡҶɿһʱ뵽ǰߴйһĻǰ˼żٻĲߵɫöˣ̲סϸϸζ˵̫ջˡ
ͱˣԹڴϢչ㡣Ƭ̺󣬿ٻɻĿ⿴ҶＱæ˵
ǲʲôңҶתƻ⣬ٻеɻ󷴶ˣ뵽϶Լ
ҶﵹǴæװһʲôӣͼŪȥײˣٻȻڻɡ
ϱʲôҸɡ糿ԼǳԶˣٻ϶ûԣæʼڡ
ٻ̲ס˸ۣˮƽѵٸ治ɣҶʱεġ
һԼŪ԰ɣǳԹˡٻޱĻص
ҳԹˣҳȥɣ֪㲻Ը档Ҷ˵ž˳ȥɺºٻڳ顣ȻٻְԵŮˡ
Ҷ￪ųŸ͵ȥõĶľлص˱ٻ֮󣬾öˣҶ￴ӦûˡԾͺͺٻ˵һٶȳš
·ϸл˸绰ԷпաҶԼһǸȵ档
л˵绰̲ס΢΢һЦҶĵͦģദһˡлӵƵĵ绰ֱӺƹȥദҶ˻ʲôӣƷûѾǴ㣬ҶҪǲʲôֵҪܰ϶
ҶʱлԶûйͽȥҵ˰ᣬǲԸṩˣϾҶ˵ֻˣҶﻨĵСѵ£ԸԳõ˰ᡣ
ϰ壬ҶĽһҿҪҪȥʱҶʧڿҶһ·˵꣬ͳֻڵ绰˵
ȲҪݾߣҪûԤϴĻһ϶ֻҪ绰ﴫһζ
֪ϰ壬ǻᶢġӹ˵绰¶Цһ˽̽ѾҶþˡεĹ˺ܸߵı꣬ҶԷҪҲܵ͡ˣǮˡ
ͬʱǷҵŵܲð칫һڱĺƣ¶һ˿Ц
ʱлʹ˵绰˵ѾˣҶֱӸ˵Ǹᡣ
ҶǲӦøһ͡һлͲ˵ڸոսŵʱһϤӡǰ绰λлǡǡʶ
Ҫ˵һ飬л治òѣƸǺõû˵һֱкܶ׷ߣȻЩѡյˡǸ˽̽ǰܹ˵ʱǴѧл档ȴǱ޾㶨ˣҲΪһΣ޾ſʼǸ˽̽ӡġ
Ҷ΢΢һü漴л˼ŮôĻǧ֪˿϶鷳ġҶһЦ˵
ƶ죬ԸǸô𣿡лɫһ䣬ʼʶҶﰲŵģϾ֪ԼľֻҶһˡ
㷢˰Ҷ΢΢һüּ˵֪ҺüˡһжӶѣΪǡ
Ҷô˵лȻȻɻ󣬵ѡźߣΪƾֱҶӦ˵ġ߽˽̽˵ɹжӣ̲ס˸ۡ
ǲӦûطл΢΢һüҶʵ
ҶȻûлط뷨ҪáһС̽Ƶ·Ǿ̫ˡɣһʱ᲻뿪а취ҶϵĲмһԸСϺףֶζʹ
ðɣġл濴ҶôţȻ˵ʲôɷ羰Ļ˵ͷͬ˺ߵľ
Ǿ̸̸°ɣĴӦ֪°ɣ档ҶЦ˵ͬʱƺ׽
лɫһ£ûҶԼĳƺ漴˵ҰʲôڷƷƵϣҪܰĵ϶ƴǡ
ԣҶЦһŮ治öԸ֪ۼƻԼҪƵļƻ˵ǿƵϣڸԼҺ㲻죬Ҫ̫ˡ
ȻЩʹ죬ҶȴûбֳϾԼֻлԼףҪҲǲֵġ
Ҿ˵ˣʶ㸸ףϣܰһ¡Ҷ￴һл棬ƽĿڡ
ȻҶĻӡ֤л뷨һֱԿԼ˴Ŀģһ̰ͼԼòξǾͨʶס
лûֱӿڻӦǶҶҶʱʮ侲ֱӶϵлǶԺÿӡ
͸ȻܲǺұǲһ㡣Ҷа
һʱ۵Сۣ˭Ҳ˵л治ɱİҶƽ£æջصĿ⡣ʱк𾪣˵Ŀƽ̹Ȼû˿˸ӵĿˣ϶ȨСˡ
˵ҿ԰㣬ǰøңҰʲôл浭ڣȴǲɡ
Ҷ΢΢һüԼҪҪл棬ǲԸ͸¶лģǿлڵķӦԼĿģԷ϶ǲӦԼġ
㻹ϸɡлЦϵĿȣһСڡ̬̹ȻȻν̸Ȼ̸۵Ļ̸дϱߣлľٶɻʹԼ
ҶһʱĬȻû˷ҪѡһĵزЩ岻ҪԸҵǰᵽЩ˼οп϶һЩùֶΣЩҪǶ˵лš
ѡԵĳһˡҶаȴ΢΢һЦ˵棬ѵңҿ϶ǲ鷳ġġ
Ҷ渵лȻЩɵĿ⣬ǽʧ󻹲ĵٶȷһ飬ŴӦͷҶʱͬͬͲˡ
ҶлӦԼȻһɡлĸôߵλã϶ЩֶεģԼŴԷԷûɾܾ
һᣬл£˸ҶȻûǿ
лĳʧҰУҶֳһӦýһЩСϺˡʱڽմմϲ˽̽ûɵһ󷢺


170 ܲõһ
бһСУԼһô͹ּۻˣԿ϶ԼոĵƬֵһĴʡǵŮĿһ𣬵ϢͲֵֻǰ˵õǮ
ǲǺࡣʱһ޸ͻȻ
һãæתȴֻһǰϷŴȭͷ
ƺһʱʧȥʶ˹ȥ
ˮƽҲܳӻҶﲻм˵漴üͷ΢΢һ忪ʼ˼ôˡΪ˲л汩¶ֻʱʧǰֻҪһšϺߵĲӾˡڻģһᣬ˵ҶԼҲǽϴˡ
ܿҶ뵽һطҶȥ鿴һ¸ĻȰѳΪ·вˣżصĴڡ
²ʡϳҶͿųǵصطȥ
СʱԺҶһưܵСľǰƻ׵ĵطڽеɶɢˣҲˡ
ŽһԣҶһ·ӵĽṹط̵ͦġڴͬʱҶгһ룬תۼͷһ롣
ҶĶĵתֻԼıӾһ룬۵˼Ƭ̣ŷӦԼǱ˴ˡ
ԼأҶֱ㽻Ҷ￴ŽһˣĮĿڡ
ԾĵʱŸʱע⵽һԾȻվһˣôʣղŵΪ
ʲôˣΪʲôҪץңǲϴˡȻ־壬Ҳôԣæͷȵ
һĿҶȻûҪ˵Լݡ
㻰ʵʵĻش˭ûҪ֪
϶ϴˣҾǸСϰգˣûк˭𡣡һ־˵ȴôܺŪȥϧҶȻһ֪
ӲҶ΢ŭǰȥ
ꡭһĹͷĲҽҲǲɶƵڷﴫ˿
ҵʱ޵ģԸ˰ɡҶ֣һζĿڵϷĺߣ·ոֻһ΢顣
˵˵ȫ㡣ſǻɳƵ˵Ǹ̽ϢҺڵСɫѣôֶΡħѾʧȥֿ˼֪ԼҪӲԿͷֻҪ˶ԷԼɱҲǲܡ
Ҷ΢΢һЦ¶һ˿º͡ⲻͶ𣬷ҪܣҶ֡Цݿȴħûʲôͬ
ҽǸ˽̽˻ǮҸٵ㡭ЩˣһĲ֪ŹҰɣҼСġ
İҶ˼һ£ʼӺߵȡõϢ
˭ҶٶȿʵȻЩ²⣬ǻȽϺá
һ£ϿʼԥԼҪй¶˹ݣԶԷͣпܱסˡǰиɷԼҪǲ˵춼ˡ
͡Ƿҵŵˡɽڣûյ˼ѡȹȥǰ˵ѾĴ⣬ֻҪųȥˣ뿪УһҲ
ʵķϣҷŹ㡣ҶõԼҪϢһʱҲǺࡣ
էҶҪŹԼﳤһæʵǲˡ
ԣҶϷʵĿŲҲ𻰣תͳš
úô죬Ҫܣԡ˵ŻҶҪš
磬ͷŹҰɣҿ϶ҿ˵ȥ߷ҵšһȥ뿪ǣ϶鷳ġæͲҶͷˡ
ҶˣĵҲǰ취Ȳ˵ֱ۶ˣǳԷ֮Ǹ鷳¡ҶȻԸźԷˣ̫鷳пܴ
ס˵ĻҶĮĻص漴ͳͣķȥô뿪ѾĿǷΧ֮ڡںߵı֤ŵġҪǲ뿪˵ԼǷҲŹԼˡ
ôһڣҶصʱѾǻƻˡûٻӰȥ¥ϡٻ˯ҶߵĶͷѾָƽ¶ȣͷ
ˡȻҶĶᣬ˯òĺٻǱĶŪˡһ۾Ϳʵ
ոջЩԵģҪҪԵ㡣ҶСӿ϶ûԼԣæеʵǵúһۡ
ٻﻹͦģԼǰһ£ҶԼˣˣԼڶԼӵĿǣٻʱȳԷ£Ĭϵĵ˵ͷ
һ£ȥѷȡҶ˵Żͼ¥Լʱ˷ʵѾѡԵĺԼҲһûԷʵ
˺ܿȺˣ˾ںٻķڳٻǶˣͷһͳԣ˿˼ԱһҶ
ҵûУŷҶͻȻ뵽ٻˮǰͻˣæʵ
ʻֱΪԼһۣȥ˲Լº𻹸ˣٻĶǱӡ
ˡ
극Ҷʰһ£¥ȻںٻţǺٻ岻ʣҪϢҶȻô˽
һҹ޻ڶ糿һҶҲûжȥͻʱٻո¥ҶŵͣһůȴһƬƽֱ۰Ͱ͵ĵȴűĳˡ
ϱͲҪȥϰˣǳȥָɡҶ￴źٻһװƺҪȥ˾üͷ˵
ٻ󣬲̧ͷû뵽һﻹǵö飬Щίһʱ䵹ɢȥ漴װĵʵ㶼׼ˣ
׼ˣͲһˡҶ˵ţһһ˫۸ǶźٻµϰĿ
ٻע⵽ĳĿ⣬ȻҶʲôϲֳһĨΡ漴۾һŵʲôأԷ
˼ҶһЦҲ˵רĶԸϵ
Թ֮󣬺ٻ¥ȥ·ˣȻǽҶĽ顣װȥȻǲ̫ʡҶͿʼĶĵȴ
һСʱȥٻſ¥Ҷ̧ۿȥͶʱ˿
ٻжԼǺġպٻķȴ˸ת䡣һɫ¶ȹȹʹס˰ϥǣ¶СȣεҶһͷĿѣͷȴһյƮɢ״̬һɫӺģôֻǸҵഺСŮƽʱǸ߹޵Ĵ磬ֱǱۡ
ϱǲǲûáҶһʱ֮ת˵һɷ羰Ļ
ٻȴûǳǳһЦ
Ҷѵ¿ˮһŵӡ
ٻһ̨ף̤鲽ҶһײĵطȻźۣȸԾŵĹҶǰתһȦ
Һÿ𣿡ʧƤѾմҶ
ÿÿҶæСװͷֹǺÿֱǾΪˡδٻܲãȻõһ档ôͻȻһʱ֮ȫߵҶ֪ۡ
ˣܲˡҶдһ漴˳ȥ
ϱȵȰȥҶѾһţҲ̫λ˰ɡ
ҶܳȥٻЦһﻹ治һûϢŵˡ
ڽ飬ʵٻ˺ܾá˵ӦԼϲҶԺͿʼӪˣڿЧ
һϲķʽչԼӦþ͸˰ɡڿлصһ̺ٻȴŨŨҸת


171 Ժ
ôʱĽӴٻѾ֪Ҷ˽˺ܶࡣԸŵŮǿ쵽߲ܵĳ̶ȡҪֻͨѣٻȻΪ鷳գǵԼϲҶʱ̬ȫһˡ
֪ʱһּʺռеѿû⣬ǵʱ򣬷ǰǳ˲
ҶȻĵطǺٻò˾߱źܶԼص㡣Ƿ·ܵǣ˸ػںٻҶʵĸ塣
ϱٻţ⴫Ҷһٻ߳⡣
Ҷ￪ųɣ۾ȴһֱ͵һԵĺٻѾȷԼˣԼϱȴǲ̫һˡ
úÿһʱʱ͵ԼҶٻûѵ
ҶæΣ˫ֱǰһҺԩҵӡȴǷĲУ۾ͼбȥ
ܿ͵˽õ鱦С˼䡣ͣã˾ȥ
ʱٻͻȻҶֱۣҶСĸζʱ̲ͨͨͣסһߵļˣֺЦӯӯĿԼҶһΣæƫͷȥ
̫̫룬뿴ʲôһžŵҶͺٻ޿޵ϣæӭʺ򵽡
̫̫ҶϸĦ仰漴ٺһЦٻȴֺٻһĪζĿԼѾͷ̫ˣÿζܱ֡
㿴ҪҪɡٻ΢ЦڣܾҪʼƪ۵ĵС㡣
ţףǹ졣С΢΢һЦû˿õı飬һȥҶ￴벻ǽõĽ꣬Ա治һĺá
ҶźٻĴȻûָģȫӰ쿴Ů˵ԣٻȻ⡣Ҷﻹ²ģһСʱ󣬴ӹ¥㣬ҶͿٻһۡ
ںٻʼҶҶʹֵҪǺܿ˵᲻á
ʱӭ߹һĸŮҹ綨һʱо˶ˣ
ƣô
ʱҲǿҶڿһԵĺٻҶֵʱƵɫȻ䰵漴кܿĻָˡҶʱӵĶƿߵı仯ȻӲ۾
ٻҲǾ쵽ʲôǴûеơЦӯӯӭơ
ܣû뵽ôɣȻ㡣
ͬʱҲǻЦӦٻŮûһĴкҶϲ֪Ѿ亹ʱѾ˽е׼һǰϻ˯һŮˣһԼʵδޣҪԺĽడ
ܣһΡЦſʵͬʱźۼĿһľҶ
ٻ΢΢һЦҲûƵСһԵҶȻ˵ϾҪˣѡָʱܿһҪ
仰һڣ˵ȻҶ뿪Լľ򣬵ô죬һʱܲˡ
һ㣬ϾȻܱЦݣҶһʹԼŮ˰ȴΪԼԭҪп಻˵ĥ
˵Цˣɱ˵ʱ֪ͨңһȥġһӣԲȴٻܿĳ
һЩ£Ͳˣ´ټ
Ʋ֪ԼôǸطģڵʱȴѾˮֽĸоδɷʱҲûôʹ
ʱȴվ·ڣʼã֪ӣԼζȹ
ǲӦȥ˵ʲôٻƽʧӰһ֪ҶĪ˵
ϱҡҶҪ˵ʲôȴٻֹˡ
ȥ׷ɣܴáȻкǲԸǶƣٻû˿⡣ŮԼȻǵ顣ңҶ˽⣬Ҷܴá
Ҷȴҡҡͷûѡȥ׷ƣѾ˺һŮˣ˺ٻˣԣء
ģҪǿܶࡣҶЩʧ䣬·仰ʧȥһ㡣
ҶϵľܾԼ飬ǵĺٻһ¡Ҳû˵ʲôٶߵ֣һֱǰ·ȥ
Ҷﲻ֪ԼǶǴųȻ˺ƣǴӳһǻ¡
ٻΪܲ죬û뵽ⳡ¼УٻȫվԼĽǶΪԼǡȻٻΪɵҶɵ֮£ڲصȴǻۡ
ʱƣҶҲںٻԵĵЦкΪ˱ԼǸ⣬ҶȻǺܿĵź߹
ٻҶһѡһָָ׽ʵأǶһۼʯڵûֻֻԤԺȡ
ǸҶѡָʱˣκٻȴǺ棬֮ǰԼѡҲй֮޲źٻһƣ룬ҶǴѡͺãٻӣĬˡ
Ȼû˵ʲôҶĸжȴǲ˿Щ˵ĺã㹻ǹϡ
Ҷѡһöʵ޻ûκװεİ׽ָȻһ˿ߵ㣬ȴоܴٻʱҲϲöȻûԡ
˸Ǯ뿪˽˼䡣ŷֲ֪ѾһȥҶҲо˶ӶǾȥԷһٷҶŹĶӣŶСŮĺٻҸȻ
ϱоֵֹġҶ˼Ƭ̣˵˱˰Ļ
ٻҶﻹڹע£Щİ˶Էһۡ漴Щɬʵϲǰңڵġ
Ѿͷ첻ջ˰ɣһµͷҶＱæϸĴٻͼҪҳ˿֤ʵԼ뷨ڼĿùٻ
ٻܲ׳գ̲סһŵҶʱջصĿ⡣
㻹ûлشҵء
ٺٺ٣ϲֻҪϱ㣬ôҶϲҶ˫ʹգ˼£Цֺõ
ٻһţ漴˵Ҫʵ
ϲġ˽ҴҶֻʵʵĽˡѳڣٻɫ͸ˣ漴ǽͷƫ⣬ĳˡ
ϱôˡͻȻı仯Ҷ￪ʼӦæʵ
ٻƺˣҶô˵ǲػ
֣ѵǸڳ⣬Ҷ￪ʼϸϸĻǰ̸ܿ뵽֮һʱ̾Ůĺ롣
ϱʵҸո˵˼ٻ滰ҶϲҶ֪ܵĿʼΪԼı
ٻ׳תȻҲˣܿЦĿҶٶȿµҶʱ쬵ĸоһ̣ȷţŮǸµ
ڲһᣬ͸ǮųĵĻؼȥˡ·ҶȻٲһϷٻ鲻һĺãҶô˵һЦӯӯӣжҶͲʹ˵ļˡ


172 ǻ
ջصңҶĵ绰ˡٻüͷʲôҲû˵;¥
Ҷﰵһ˭ôɫʱ绰ҸɸٻĦأ˵Ƕˡںٻ¥ûˡ
ͳֻһҶղŵʱʧӰˡ绰л棬Ҷæ
˵Ҷ㲻ûעҵĺɣôʱŽӡհͲڶϣ绰ʹл治
ҶٺһЦæǸǰû̫ע⡣
ҰְִӦˣһˣڼлûнЦȥ˼ܿ˵
Ҷû뵽ôһ칦͸㶨ˣҲ̫˰ɡ뵽ǸŮˡϻصãǾô˵ˣһȥݷãˣͷԷɲܾܾ
л濪Ц˵һܾģʱҪƺ޾ݺҶһ١
ͻȻлᵽƣҶԺжʱįӰˡһʱЩѹֺ֣л˼䣬͹˵绰
˵绰Ҷ˾ͻȻյһήɳϣϵı鸴
ףҪԼƾ飬϶ģǴʱûκΰ취ҸƵ˽⣬Ҫһ͵ı۰򣬶ͷԻ顣Ӧôθ飬סˡ
ʲôأ֪ʱٻҶԣ˵Ҷǵһο壬Եķꡣ
Ҷ̾˿һһĵĺٻϼһѿЦݣʾԼû¡
ٻɵӣȻ֪ҶǿջЦо仰вƲٻڵҶҪԼҲҶ˵ЩпᣬǺٻ뿴ҶΪƵȥ
㣬ǲǺܰʱ·һͣٻһ̾Ҷ
ҶԣжʱǧˡǰԼƵĸоʲôǰ
û˼ֱںٻ
ôģҾ㶼Ӧȥһᡣ֪ʲôԭ򣬺ٻﾹȻִҶȥӴơĽڣֻһȫȫˣ
ҶʱӶԼƵĸоȻûע⵽ٻı仯ʱѾǾȥƣ纮ٻ˵Լƶһᡣ
ϱлл㡣֮Ҷ̧ͷм˵漴ͳţֱ⡣ҪȥƣܽΡ
ٻվڿɫһ粻Ƭ̺󣬹̵ǻƿδεľذϣ
ôˣΪʲôҪƳȥѾᷢʲôˣҪҶŲƣԼô죿
ҶȻǲ֪ЩҪ֪ԼߺٻķӦ϶̵ͷȥ˵ʲôҲᶪ²ܡ
Ҷнһ·ٶʻġһ˺üƣЩѾ˲ˡΪ˲ľӣ绰ûϵĺ壬򵥵˵һ飬͹Ҷ˵绰
ӵҶĵ绰һ˷ܣΪʲô£ϴθɵ٣ǳҶ顣ҲԼôСæû˿ʧܿͷԸȥ
Ҷʻŷɳ۵ıʱݣʱעź澯Ķһ򣬾ͶʧˡѾ飬ͲõԼֲΧ׷½ˡ
СʱԺɫıʱݳڵıС⡣ΪǰкȻţ˳ĽȥҶͼȥˡ
˰ţƴšҶҲû˵ʲôתȥˡҶȻ֮ߵ˼ҲûԥŽ˷䡣
еĴǽţټûпƵԵʣԷеĹߺܰҶǿǿܿƵȴ޷ı顣
ƣ㡭Ҷﱾ˵㻹ðɣȴ˵ˡⲻǷϻԼںڰĽ˵һС
ôˣúδޡưδѹĺأҲġ
ҶȻ˵ǺٻҪԼģֲ˵ƵԸҪκ˵˵ǺٻԼ˵ŮˡȻٻһǳ
ҶεɤӵҲ㣬
û£ܿܺˡƿԼɣһҶġθߵգû˭ڸǶԼ˵İ̾
ڰĿһʱ䰲ʱ˶֪Ӧ˵ʲô˴ӱ˴ͣѣȻ㺣ٵ졣Ҫ˵ȴǲڣҪ˵θʣʲôֻһ˿ǣҰɡ
ƣǻ𣿡Ҷ˵ǲԸʧȥѵģһҲġ
һ̾漴ڣǵȻѣһֱǡ
Ҷ˿ҪܽȥԺлֲԼƵĿǷû뵽ƽʧóʱ䣬õҶﶼҪˡȻǺ󻰣Ҳᡣ
ڰеȻûཻ̫˼Ҷһơú˵û̫⣬뿪Ƶס
صңѾʮˡҶһžͷֺٻɳϴţҲûпӣڵԼ
ϱôûϢҶ֪ûһ
ٻϲ̧ͷʵһֱšʱţѾʼ˼룬û뵽ҶﾹȻʱˡ
ԼѡûдҶﻹûжԼٻʱȻں˼롣һʱûлҶĻ
Ҷ￴źٻ˵Ϊôˡæڣϱôˣǲֲ˵ŻҶͼæ˹ȥ־ͷ˺ٻĶͷϣǵúٻһۡ
ܷۣûˡҶţͷ
ˣȥϢˡˣļڿ쵽ˣҪúϧٻߵһ룬عͷҶƤ˵ǵҶʱһȣ޲ֱӻȥѺ߾͵
ǸҶа漴ͻ˷䣬Լˤ˴ϡһ죬ˣۣҲƣ
峿Ҷһڷ￪ʼԼҪȥʡǣȻһ˿װ˼Ƭ̣ϴ㺮ٻμʱ·˳ԺھϿ˿ĵ˵ͷ
Ҷģĺٻһơ
ô㲻Ҫȥҹɡٻ̲ס٩һ䣬Դ֮Ѿ¾ڼȥԼһЩ
Ҷɧ˦˦ͷһſƲһ次ĺٻҪ³ҹĳ嶯
ϱ㿴ǲǺ˧Ҷ˿ûоԼʲôףһĿڡ
ٻ˵һ仰ǾҪǳȥվһܺáٻԼһŮ˵ֻ̫ʡͷصͦÿġ˵ԼҲǲסЦ
ҶɫһڣⶼʲôˣÿĲÿȴעûꡣղͻȻ磬ԭĺúõᣬ׼Լġ˰죬ûɹ֮¾뵽˺İ󷨣Ū֮ò࣬ͳˣû뵽ٻһ۾Ϳˡ


173 Ǽ
аֽг⡣ҶһмΪ˿ԣôҶš
ٻѾ˵޳ˣΪҶľѾ޷ǧ֮һĵز
ȷҰæʹôȥٻζĿҪӻĳˣôڿһȡ
ĺԣҶﲻĵʵôҲԼһͶɹôˡ
ٻͷ漴Ҳ˵ǰҪҶ°󡣲ĸеͣҶһﲻϣֱֱͦģֻż⡣
һʱ䣬˵治һźٻ㷢ɢ˵㣬Ҷʼӿ죬漴˫һ§סĺߵĽֻ۾ϷʵĿЩʧĺٻ
ϱġЦһҶֱŷ˵촽ϡ
ٻܵĿʼκһ˫ͬһסǽһ𡣼ʹʹ°ͣûĿܡ
ңĶôӭҶǡʱһͰٻķҲԽԽСſСڣҶȡš
Ҷɿ˫ֵʱ򣬺ٻǽѳɫĵһһЦĳˣٻҽһ̧޺޵Ķں޷ҶĽϡСһŤææܽ˳
ҶȴŤдɱĲҽúٻһЦ
ϣҶһ߳ͣǲǵԼ˵ĽšһԹĿµĺٻ
ϱҪıɱ׷򰡡оٻеƤԸǰöˣû뵽ھͳ˿Ҷ˵ܲڻֲ˵
Ҫ˵һ飬ҾͲˡٻһΣյĿҶƺסһɱﵡ
ҶεѡܿͿʼζǰĸоϸ̲סһúٻǲǸµҩ뷨
һ糿ҶͿĵĳšǰٻȻᣬҶﱾ˻ռˣٻķǿֻƵķˡ
棬Ѿˣȥɡͨлĵ绰ҶʶԷĵַϾ֪лŪûҪȥʡǣȻʡǾڽеԱߣǾҲ
õַҶͻ·лڵĵطȥлʡǶȥ
лòһƯټϳⴳҲһҶ̲ס˶Էۡ
˵ҶôңǶ˼ɡлֱˬ˵ǲСڣҶ￴ԼʱЦ˵Ҷһϵ亹ವ
Ȼôæı飬ɫɫɨлС椣ȻұңҵҾͲҶˡ
ҪǶҲ˼Ǿ͸ˡҶ˵ŻȻ佲л棬˿ڶԷϵ㡣ҶΪŵл棬ȴû뵽лܵ˿ûбŵӡ֮£ҶֻڨڨΣǵûһٱӡ
ˣְϲȲҸɡϾˣҶԼҲÿʼѯл
л΢΢һЦȴûлҶĻǴӳһϴݸҶ
û뵽ͦϸĵģ׼ˣ㿴в
ҶһһװȻǱ˻ﰵ̾ŮϸûǮ飬ֻ˵ֻһֽǾл淭
ϸĶˣл˵ͬʱҶѾѺߵˣ۵Ĳ࣬олֵһ
лЦеĻصܲЩģô㣬ԺôҰ
Ů˵˼׽ٻˣȻл̸пա
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л˿Ҷڻи£ҶæҹƸ˾ȥɢɢģлæҸʵңΪԼһִƴĽɽղҵճ
Ȼû˵ʲôǴл滹ܾ쵽¿϶ҶŹϵûֱӹϵҶҲ϶һء
֪ƷҪ˾𣿡
˾Ҷһл֣صıȻû˵ٻʱԵζ
Ҳ֪ô˵ģҶﲻʵû뵽ƾȻѡôӱԼ
ҰæҸңǲԼƴĳɹڱĵɣʲôû˵л̾һԼ֪˶˵ˡ
ϣҶܰæȰһƣϾһŮ˶Ư磬ô׵ġ
Ҷɫһ仯漴ͽƽԭ򣬵ȽлȴĸԶҲƵѡΰȷģڽǹڣֻ״˰̡
˾£ѡ񡣡Ҷ˵ڳСĿռԵʮͻأлǸˣȻϸʡҪģǸѾҵҶԸԸ⽫Լ¶棬ͲҪĵˡ
˵ŻӾͿлڵĵطΪɽлĴڣһ·Ŀ˽ȥ
ҶһɲҪţȻҾ̫ˡҶȻߣлں⣬Цĵ٩
ҶĬһЩ΢΢ͷʾõԼ
֣ˡлһžʹǰŮʧһɶ
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л壬мæݵĳĬҶѡ˿żɽԼҪΨΨŵŵģлǰ³ˡ
ԣлϵɫȴûֱӿڣǶҶ۾ƺѰʲôעҪʧģҶﾭ̫ˣôлǰ¶˿⡣
ܲӦ֪Ǻٰæġл·Ҷ˼뷨ڡ
Ҷ΢΢һЦ㲻ڣֻҪҾһа취ȴһ漴ӵлΪˣȻģ֮£ΪԼȽϸȤ
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174 ɹʶ
лȻв죬ȴ˵ֻǶҶ￴ڵҶ˵ȥҪҶﲻԲ˵ԼŮѣҲҶӡ
лһ֪ҵŰɡлµĲ죬Ҷȴû˿㹻úתŭΪϲν̸Уڴǰͬ£˵˾ĲġҶҪǴʱ©ӣ¿϶ͻˡ
ҵţ˵һЩҵйϵлԣĮ˵
ҶﰵһϺ꣬һ綼©뵽˻ôһȻԱ漴˵ҵŵĶ³Σл϶˵˰ɡ
л΢΢һκˣʱ֪ҶĿʲôΪ̫Ϥˡ϶ұۣҪǲ˽⣬ͱ̨ˣȵվڶԷͷϡ
Ҿ˻ǲҪ̫̰ͲҪ˵ˡеˣʧˡлûκα飬ƽ˵漴վƺ뿪
Ҷһ£ܿ׹лµ˼лڸԼ;Ѿû˶ֻ밲ȵȥ
˵ҵ֤أҶﵭڣлµΡ
ԷֻһپͼǰȥжʱˣϺҲ߯˰ɣһնððɣֻҪҹܺģҶû˵İ취Ҫлپܾû취ˡ
лԣͣҪҶ˵ֻҪԼϹܺ治Ǹ¡ʱԼֻҪվһ棬ʵԣ϶ҪСֶˡҶҪܸ㶨ҵţȴڶһ첲
ȻϵҶЦһ˵ǲл
лȻΪСЦʱҶָࡣô鲻л»Ҷļƻ
ٺ٣лģƻȻˣֻҪֱӻҾа÷ҵ̨Ҷŵ˵ôʰңеǰ취ֻҪ˵ܼ򵥡
£ҶͰԼļƻ˵ллһд󶨣մӦҶҪֻҪҵ̨л¾ͲźۼҶҲܴﵽԼĿġ
˵£ҶﱾҪ뿪ġлȴҪҶԸߡ漴ͺ¥ĵл棬лȻԸ׵˼ʲôΥֻȥˡ
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л֪Ҷﻹ壬æóڱҶɱ
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лĳջ治һ㣬࣬ǴʦġĲһɫˣƮɢζҶһлл¶˵к£ҶȻûпʼԼĿʳ֮
Ա֮ҶͷȴлѾ꣬ϷʵĿԼʱ˼ͷлһЦ
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лҶţ·ϻܺҶﵽô£лΪʲô쿴ܿġ
ҶлµһݴȻῪġǿЦ˵лǿԼˣԼŮʱлһЦҶֺٰ£ŷŹҶ
뿪лңҶ;Žȥ˿ѾɫҶƵȻȥˣ϶Ͱ˾ŵˡ
Լ飬æµͣҶ̲סЦһжֵãΪ˺ٻΪԼʲôԸ⡣
ܿ뵽ƵˣȻҪѺߵĹ˾ΪҶȻͿʼˡ˰־Լǲ棬Ҹ˰Լ
ܿ뵽ϧʱϧʱ棬Ͳ̫ˡϾҵϵչ飬뵽͸ϧʱ˵绰
ϰ£ϧʱһ绰æʵ
Ҷ֯һԣͽԼƹ˾˵һ飬ⶣϧʱҪѹֵۣչǮģ뵽ҲƵĻɣͷеļƻϸĽϧʱҶưлĵ绰˺ߡǰѾл˵Լ˳ϵġ
˵绰ҶͿʼĥԸҵŵмƻˣʵʩҪһֶεġҪҪڲԼݣ˲
ܿ죬绰Ҷ￴һ۷ϧʱƵĽ绰
ϰ壬ǰ˵Щ鷳ϧʱһϵĺæڣǰһŵʽ𣬻¹һƹ˾ֵεķǮȻΪҶҪԼǸС˾û뵽ȴǸްԡʵûޣٶҶ
ʲô鷳Ҷ΢΢һ㶣漴ص
ϰ壬ǵʽ𲻹ϧʱ̾Ҷ˦ƹ񣬾֪ʩȴӲǲε⣬̫ˡ
ԣҶ΢΢ЩΣ⵹ˡܿ뵽ϧʱǮΪʲôȥдϧʱģӦʲôԭɡҶȻţû
ǮϵлɡϧʱǮֱӹ˵绰ҶﰵһⶼʲôˣһϰӶͷһҪ֪Լ
˵ǮҶʵҲԼȻкܶǮǶʿţڻҶʽ𡣲Ҷɣ֪һ˶ʽֻҪԼһãͻǻ
ʿȻϵƣҶǲȡĶ̫ǿˣû㹻ĵǰ˵ʲôҲԼ¶ڶԷĿ¡
չƻȴڱеģ˵ҶѾӦл档ΪҶԼƴ˾Ժ߻ٻơҲֻҶβԼ
ԺвǮ⣬ȴûҵʵѡǮؽԺʶ˾ôû˭һóôǮ
ѵȥҶ¶һ˿Ц뵽ԼԻرܵһˡС
Ҷ뵽ˣ̲ס¶һĨºܾ͡ûϵˣԼ˽ˡԼһζĻرǰڵǸ磬ˣ顣СҶǰ˸࣬ڹɱֽŵɱֵ֮Ƶ
ҶȻ˶ȻͲپǮ顣СûнǮȫɡҶӡһǮԼֻ಻١
һ·ؼңţֺٻûԼţ֮£Ҷٶ۳﷭Կסźֺٻڣ¥һҲûкߵӰҶʱЩԼĺأûָˡ
ҪȥˣҶðһͷܿ;뷨ʮֵٻ˵жôԼ˳ֿ֮ġ
뵽ҶҲסˣæŴӳ￪ʱٻŶȥ
еҹǺܺÿģƻԻͣ䷱ǵ㡣Ҷ￪ųرߵķ羰һʱ˼Ʈ죬һȥ˺ٻ


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ٻİ칫ңֺٻڰ칫֪Ӱ࣬ٻȥˡҶڰ칫ԵźٻһȾһСʱ
ôˣٻһǣ˯ҶϵƣһɨգЦӯӯʵ
Ҷŷֺٻ֪ʲôʱѾˣ̾Լְݵӹ̫ˣԾȻֵزϱ㿪ˣؼҵġҶЦ˵
ٻһůԼؼң⻰˵Ļůġ
ǿ߰ɣеˡ
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˽ôһ֤ǰĴԡҶһ·ǻоĽʺ޵Ŀ⡣˿ûѹ̧ͷͦأһҺܾôˣǶ켵ҵӡ
ǵһЩ˺޲ҶӳȥԼŮߡЩҶֵֿԼС첲ȣǲĵķе뷨
ϱ㻹ޡҶһЦҿƤķȲһĸߣҪּˡ
ٻͷƫͷһҶϷʵ˵ǲӦðÿ˵ŻָָԼ֡
ˣתƻļƻʧˡҶܿԴ漴ӵϱոһֱ§ţܶ˶ˡҾǻ§űȽϺã˵϶ˣϢһ¡Ҫۻһġ
ҶĻٻԶѡȫ˵Ҳ֪ôģûҶſԼбҶϣǰš
ǱˣҶЦѣһжԼױȵġ
ų·ϣҶ￴˿һƬƣڸʻ΢ŵĺٻ룬һ䣬żеһطȥٻ϶۵ĲˣҪȻڳ˯šҶɴźԵˣؼҺٻͲˡ
ϱˣ̫ɹƨˡĿĵأҶͽѺٻʾ³ˡ
ôûлؼҡٻ۾ͷڽߣԶЩҹ̯ʱɻʵ
Ҷһ¶顣ȻǴԼˣϱûǻû˾Լء
˵껰ҶͿźٻķӦֻһ죬漴Ͳźۼ΢΢ͷٺ٣ǿôۣԴѷˣȥϢˡ
һÿУԷͳԷҪ˵ԼᡣٻɬѵϾղԼĬԼġԼôˣʲôʱôһˡ
ϱҶ￴Զǵĵƹ⣬Դζĺ磬һױ˵ٻԣ΢΢סֿտĵطûɵķ췱ǣһͷԼѹֵĺõط
طҶǰͳоܲʹźٻˡ˵ȣòԴǴμװԷ֮󣬾ûϵҲ֪Էôˡ
ϰ壬ʮ⣬ᣬӣټݳҶһƨڵϣºٻʹеڳԷ˷׷̧ͷ˹ǵúٻһεתͷ𴦣һҲʶ˵ӡ
缸ˣ߰ɡҶԶһͷСʱ˶ˡⲻǸɷôԼôùĶԺŵÿˡ챾ǳյСܳ԰͵ģϧƻϲϱ仯ֻܸˡ
ϴôɫôǲǺȶˡԱһСӲ磬ҪһԼ⻰ʵĻëһˣյСܾǲףһɫ̧
ӽ鲻ãˡëѹ²ԶҶһӿ㶵ͳͰ͵ңһʹĶСܣԼһֱܾ·ˡ
Ҷʱȴ֪ĵĳЩ˿ʼʱЦĺͺٻ˵Żܹ˵Աߵķӡ
ë˦Ǯ·ˣһ˶ɵˡϴ󲻻ʲô˰ɣǮ᲻ǳԺֵġһü۵СԴһɻĲ²⵽
Ļʱ˵ͬȻû뵽ëȥǰġʵҲЩˣֻֻܹëˣûü˵·ˡ
һһԺȣڴͬʱҶҲǳ˷û׼뿪ˡ
ߺС椳ôƯҪҪ缸ֺֺǣĸ缸һú㡣ʱëСͻȻҪǮĶˣʱٻòԵõģһȺֻԵҶʼϷٻ
ٻһüͲЩˣԳųȥЩˣҶߣ˿õġһһ߻Ƶ뵽ҶԼòƺܲʲô鶼Լġ
Ů缸㽻ءһȺ˼ٻתߣʱžҪסٻҶɲǵġҲ˵ֻһڵǸеСϡ
ģСӸҶҶ֣缸ŪС챻һ߷ɣ۵ȥȻûӣʱоԮ
֪Ҷɫһ䣬ͼˡܺãźúúͺٻദദأû뵽Щ۵Сå顣
Ƭ֮Ҷ֣ҲصһȺˣ첽˺ٻ
ϱҲ̫ûˣҾˡҶ˱˻ԣһҺ˵ӣͼںٻϵõ㰲οϧֱЦ֡
صҵʱѾʮˡٻʱѾˣҶ߰ĦĦһµģٻֱ¥ֻܻԼķ䡣
һҹ޻峿Թ緹֮Ϊٻĳڹ˾ҶͿųѺٻ͵˹˾ļڽýҶԼ£Ƥ·ˡ
ͣٻţҶͲ뿪ˡ˵ǸΪӣԼľߣҶҪȥСǲ˲ġͱʱݣȻ̫ˡ
ϾҪӴǰˣҲζԺܻǰЩ𡣲ҶȥСȴֻΪǮбԭȻֻĸӦҶ֪ԼƺӦΪķ籩׼ʲô
һСʱҶһϡٵĽֵĽֵҶ΢΢һЦСѡĵطǲ׻˵УСҰСѡطǼΪ
ֵһ۵Ľһưɡĥ¥濴˿ûַĸоľưԵø롣ƺȫûп˵ӣҶŲ˽ȥ
̨һڻ˯ľƱԱߵСҲĵŵԣҶ߽һӡ
ѵġԪһ˿ˣʱʵвɣѡûʲôįٸİ졣
Ҫϰ塣ҶҲûŮģֱ˵ԼĿġ
ѵģСʱȤȱȱ䵭ĿڣҾϰ壬£
Ҷһ٣ϰ壿Լ˰ɡʲôСԼĵַӦòɡ
ʱ΢΢һע⵽ԱҶûֻһǳǹеӴϼõ֤
ҶˡӦС̨ǰˣĻɡ


176 С
ȥСҶ䵭ڣûһ˿С
ԣŮ¶һ˿ܿͱ˹ȥ˼ҴˣﲢûʲôС
ҶѾ֪ԷӦɫƽóһöƴĶ״Ļѽĳһѱ֡
Ůһ£ϵıʱĵͳ˹̨¥ȥҶһ٣תһһû˵ľƱһۣ漴¥
û´ĻҲСĻ顣ɱ־һ⣬е˼
棬ԼȥɡŮɱߵһſվ˽Ų漴Ϳ˵
ҶԣҲ뿪Ӱǰһƿ˽ȥһƺҲԤʾƽ
һţҶͿһڵǰ֪ڸʲôϤӰҶͷ΢΢һˣ۾Ǻݺݵգ˼£
ʱСҲǾ쵽ʲôתͷ漴˫ԲԿƵ¹ĶţƺҪڣԿڡ
Ҷ΢΢һЦȴҲ˵ǰСʵǲ֪οڡ
ϡ󡣡֮󣬷һΪѵĺƺ˺ܴųġ
ϤĳƺϤˡ
ò
СʱѾǺһƬ۾Ѫ˿ҲͨʧӰ̫ˣõΪһӶԼһ㡣
˱ˣ㡣Ҷеĸжû˵СȻǲϰ˵ʽûб䣬ɡ
ϴôˡСʵ⻹ǰǸսʲôʱˡʣʼϸϸҶֺߵϢƽһͨһû˺ĸо
ҶĿһ۴͵СԼⲻǺúõѵʲôףܿ˺ΪʲôдһˣӦԼĲٱľ޴仯ġ
ҶһͻȻ뵽˺ٻԼ⣬ʵãһʺҡ˵꣬һЦĿСƺǵŶԷĴ𰸡
СȴǰߵĿпһ˿в·ֻҪԼ˵ĴҶﲻ⣬Լû³ѹжҶԸ޴仯ʣСڨڨһЦ˵Լǰ
ҪڣиоҶҲֱ˵оԶҵϴ󣬲ܱʲô
ҶԣһЦȴûмȥȻƨһ仰ģСԼҳϣûлɹ
Ȳ˵ˣ¡ҶоԼҪŤŤģ̫ˣ仹Сǰֱ⣬˿ˮ
Сԣɫһ˶ϴҪɱ˭ֻҪ˵һ˻ҹɱֵıܣСҶԼɱˡȻ֪ҶΪʲôԶ֣ûʣΪһϸСܣǲϴľġ
СΪԼҪɱˣҶһⶼʲôˣع鶼Ҳӣ֪
Ҫʽɱ治á
СһʱˣϴȱǮô񰡡ϴͱˣʲô顣
ǸԽ治һѣҪҪҸʵʱСˡҶһ󸹲࣬žǰԼӴ˾ûġԼϴˣҪȻǰװ׻һ
ŭûЦǮġҶҲ˵ˣֱӾá
Сһ㶣ҶһӣѵǮһƵ˵ϴҲ̫˼˰ɣΪҳġ
СһھͺˣʱҶɫѾˡΪ׽Ļ֮һҶصеԭһ֮ôһ˵ǾҶﲻ϶ᱨЩˡһֱڵȣһƥһȴٻΪ֮һս
뷨϶õĵġҶ΢΢һ̾ȴҲû֪С˼ԸԼҶڵҲЩԹıܸоɽ˿϶ǲŹԼ
ϴȵȣҰ˺Ÿ㡣СҶﲻԸǸϾæתƻ⡣˵žߵ˵ǰˢˢˢдһֽݸҶ
ҶӹҲʹ¶ỹǮ֮顣ҶԼҪǽ飬С϶Լġ
òȻкö໰Ҫ˵漴Ž̸ʱ仯С羪κˡû뵽ҶﾹȻѡôƽòеӡ
СԼҲһУع鶼УǺ־մ̼ڵϷѾһϰߣ޷񫡣֮ҲǾʱȥ׬죬ʵȥ׷
ϴǰʱϢɭ˻ģǱFBIɵġССĿڣһ߹۲ҶķӦ
ԣҶɫ䡣еĹâ˸ֹɭ̫ϤˡӶԼе֮һ˳֮Ϊħû뵽ԷȻڻģһ˵ͦõģҶ︹ڵ뵽
ֻЩϧһֱûзֳʤ
ϴ㲻ô򵥰ɣС۲ã̲סڡͬʱиеҶ˻ˣѾʧȥеˡ
˼ǣҶﱻСһ˵ɫϳС˵ûԼһսͲ˽ɭĴڣȻûֱ֤ݱʲôǽɭΪһͨΣյĹң϶вòɡ
Ȳ˵ˡǵžǡҶӹһɱ⡣ԷҪǸϾɱҲôġ
ٶ˵һỰҶ뿪ĥ¥ưɡ
߲·ȺҶһθоϧƺԸôңȥˡŸӵҶӿ˽Ųٻȥһ̣ƺںٻߣܸо˿ѵõİƽ
ϻʱõ°ʱ䡣Ҷһ£ʹͣɳ˳Ȼڴ⾲ĵźٻһٻͳˡȻҲע⵽ɫıʱݣֱ˹
ϱȥĶȻ£ҶϻûκٻһãЦʵ
ٻǰһۣ֪ΪʲôҶĸоǻһһϸĥ˰Ҳûҵ𰸣ֻԼĴ
ؼҰɣЩˡ⼸켯ŵرæʹǺٻһᾫʢҲЩмܲס
õ𰸣ҶҲû飬ֱ˳ӡ
ϱǲʲôѣҿ⼸ƣĲУҪҰ㡣ҶͻȻԼδƺְܲһ㶼ûﺮٻֵʲô
ٻǰͷŰ뵽һ֪ϹϵҲʵжǿ˵ûʲô鷳һô˵еĲҶȴú
ٻƺûҪԼ鷳ֻ˵ЩԹҶ˿а¾ĵæˣһŶԷɷɡڹϵ⣬ʵû취æ


177 ɱ
һЩƫƧĹ·Ϊҹ䣬ԾĳԺԲơ߶ïܵĴ֣ںҹԵľ
ʱһʯſһɫĮˣҶҪǿһĻ϶һϳһɱ֡ɱſڵһƺȫϵʹ
˫ףһ̶ˮĺĶǰĹ·ƺ˵ȴһ㡣ԱߣһAWMϵе;ѻǹڶǹƺһѪ
ʱԶһɫıʱܳɱһԱߵľѻǹһĶǹھ׼˻ĳ
ҶոոٻһЦʱٻҪٶһߵļˡʱȴͻȻоһ˿ɱϮǳڱܣҶҲ˵˺ٻ
ٻΪҶŻԼʱ
𶯡Ҷ˵ڴͬʱһŷɳ۶ӵ粣˼ʻλõӡ
ԼģҶЦһ̧ͷһλãһӰʧںڰСһҶﻺͬʱʾɵĺٻûˡɱֺרҵһУԶǧ
εЩ֣ȻǳԼǰΣԷɱٻġѵԼݱ¶ˣҶ־òܡһֱСģܱԷѵԼڽеĳˣ
ûˣԷѾˡٻһδӣҶæ԰ο
ٻһŻ˹Ȼǵһξɱ֣Ϊһͨˣкǿ϶ģοֻǸŮû°ɣôҪɱ㡣ٻæʵĴܿ˵ĿҶ
ںٻ˵ĿԼӺ¡Ѿ϶Ҷû
û£ǻȥ˵ɡҶﵭһЦ漴뿪ֳƽ֮һϤϤٶ𣬺ܿһӰ֣߳˹·ϡ
ǰɱֻ֣Ҷﲻ֪ԷȻ۷
Ųǧ񡣡ºһЦƺոճֵ˲һ漴ó绰ͨеһ롭
صңΪǰ飬ٻ²ߣ˵Եģ˾ڳĬн͡ٻҲ֪ʲôǲ¥һҪҶԼĦ
ٻҪҶȻܾǰ飬ǹϣɱ̫ˣһúûšȴţʱϲ顣
һĦ֮£ҶﲻϵĵգٻǰܺҶﴦʲô飬Բһһ뷨ĦֻǸڶѡ
ٻţҶϲ˵ֻҪǲռСˣǾ̫ˡҶҲûֻ̫żһºٻеļ֪ҪиȣԼҪ̫ˣǲõġ
ٻܾĳҪҪԼһ¥һĻ˷䣬Ҷںٻ뿪ϵЦҲǵпʼ˼ôԸҵšѾźۼĽ˺ϡȴ֪ԩ˷ҵš
ڶ죬Ҷֱšһ·㣬ϧʱڰ칫ңҶˣæʼк
˺Ǯöö١Ҷﵭڣ˳óСԼ˹ȥǲǮãΪ϶Сȫҵ
ҶôĻϧʱһ£Ϳ˯ͷûʲôõˡ
ϰ壬ѾͶԷ̸ˣǩͬʱҶｻģԾǮûϧʱǺлԼΪҶ
ûѹ۰ɣ뵽ϧʱ˵ıԣҶﲻĵһ䡣
ϧʱĿҶһۣ˵ô˵ʵ۶ҼʲôæصϰԸˣȻѹۡҶǱ飬Բһ£ǸŮģȻ뵽ʲô
ǾͺãȥҪ㶫ܲϧʱһı飬ҶＱæתƻ⣬ԼһĿġ
ϧʱȻû˵ʲôֱӴҶȥ˻Ŵϳȥˡ²⣬ҶʲôҪϵҲӦùĵġ
Ҷ¶һĨЦ֮ôֶͨνҵţΪڿ͵ݡǰĻͨӹŪĸ߼豸Ҫݷҵŵ磬׾ٵġ
ɵʮָڽϷԾСʱͳɹһֲܿѡõ⼦УҶǲıֵģ㷢˶ԷҲ׷ٵԼIPһڿ͵Ľ塣
׼Ҷͷ⼦壬ʼƽԷķǽ⣬Ҷܿͽ˷ҵŵڲ硣ʱҶд˸СɸѡϢΪʡºܶ๦ˡ
СʱԺҶüͷʼȻûʲôӣҶûҵõϢ֮£˸ţ˳
ǵڶˡҶϸһ뵽ĸԴνĶֻһֳνʵǷҵſ϶и뻥ӵ磬һ̶ʦڿ͵ĹҶû뵽ԼҲ
˼һᣬо˼ƻ£ҶȥϧʱҪһỤ漴ٶȻص˵ǰʼǷйҶﳤһվU뿪˻
ϰ壬ˣϧʱ·Ҷæк
Ҷ΢΢һЦ˵ĻҪأáϧʱȻ飬ͷǡ
صϧʱ칫ңҶͿʼʣֳֽʣдһЩ˵֣ϧʱЩ˶ҶڽʶѣʱҶ㽫Щ˶֡
Ҷϧʱİ칫һһ磬ŪϧʱһλҶתˣҪʼע˾ˡ֪ܿԼˡûһԾԣȫûʹڹ˾顣
ҶȻ֪ϧʱ뷨ʵûŴġ
ҹĻ٣Ҷ˸ϧʱ£뿪šˣһЩ顣
ҵŵĸҶ˸շѵͣ³ͲҵšΪ˷һжҶ￪ʼ۲ҵõĽṹ
ܿ¥淢һֱµĹܵ¥һûйϵĴһ˿Ц⡣óֻʱ䣬ѾʮˡҶӦûжˣҲû£Ͼҵô󣬲˶Ϥ
ţҶȴ˶˺󼸲Ȼһһ˳ȥ
ҶȻȥԼĶжôףһ·˳Źܵ¥ڵĸ߶ȣҶĿһ´ľ룬Ȼ˫һŹܵ뿪ܵ˴
뷿ԺĶ򿪷˳ȥҵݣһ·ֱ϶¥˵ݣͿʼ¥˵ҵŲһǮװĽ̻ԻͣѵľһǼƵꡣ
ܿҵһĵطһȸܶȺϽɵķţĴںͱԵø룬ҶȻΪǶԷǮĵط
УҶǰסȥϸúֻһһ
㶨Ҷ΢΢һЦƿ˽ȥݷĵܰף֪Լûߴطæǰȥ
һԣԺҶư׼õỤȥúϾͳһҶ֪Ѿʼˡ
СʱԺҶ΢΢˿γU̡˵ԣ뿪˷䡣
Ȼԭ·أ뿪ķҵšҶҵȻ֪һʱ䣬Ѿͱѹһ飬֪ȴǵʲô


178 ǰ
һҹ޻ڶҶٶš쿽ϲUŵĵߴšҶٴνȥʱϧʱȻŵԡ
ҶЦһ⵹ˣþܹϵġ⼸̨Ǹãûгʲô⣬ҪȻǰæˡ
ļҶ﷢Ķ١һЩĿֻһСǵҶĿӦǷҵżùĿһ飬ȤȱȱˡЩûмֵҶһֿķ겻ѡ
ĿǲֵĵȤͦˡһҶɫһЩǷҵűù顣һЩϵķֲѾԺĹ滮
ЩĴӦһʱˣǻҵŻûгʱ򣬾Ѿˡ津Ŀĵ֤Ҷ񽥽ڷҵţѾ¶ҪѶԷ㵽Ʋ
СʱԺҶվڷﷴŲӣƺʲô⡣ǴԼ㵽֤ϴһԶִСڿҵŵϺʼԶһƺǲ̫ˡҵźԱǧ˿ƵϵЩҪߣԶп˶ľѳš
뵽ͷʹҶ̲ס˦˦ͷѡʱԸҵŵϾҪͺٻˡţҶͻصϧʱİ칫ҡ
׼ôˣҶЦſͷϧʱ˿ò˼˦ƹ񵱵ԽԽңˣԼĶʽ˦ϧʱҪϧʱƢã类ˡ
ϧʱæصϰ壬ضúˣŪöŪˡ
Ҷһ˵ͷ漴ʵǸٰݵôˣ˵ҶɫһԼĶʽȴҪ˼ٰԼݣҲ˵ıɡ
ϧʱһֱڿҶߵɫ仯ȻӲ۾ܿ뵽ԭ򣬲Ҳûϸʡ
Ұ磬ٰ̡й˾һܣٰ壬Ӧˡ
Ҷ΢΢һ㶣û뵽ϧʱϸġֻ뵽Ҹ磬̶ˣ⵹ǸСĸ˫ı
ллˡҶ΢΢һЦǳϧʱһƬ顣
ϧʱû뵽ҶﻹлǺãԻЩءԿЦ˵õõãģҪлң㻹ǸҼнˣҶˣôҲжļӰѲǡ
ϧʱһڣʱ˿ʼЦҶ֪ϧʱڿЦҪ֪ϧʱĹһֱԼģĻõԼн
һҶ˸𡣱ϾҪˣȥٻ׼ôˡϧʱҲûҪȥл棬Ǣ̸չƹ˾顣
ϱǵĴĺˣ㿴ԺǲҲסڶ¥ˡһȥҶ￴ɳֻĺٻϷ˵
ٻԸ࣬ȻΪһ仰һﻹ治ҪǸʽȴ۸ĳɴ顣϶¥סҪҪڻС
ٻһһڴĳˣ漴˵ôʱ٣׼ôˣ
ҶٺһЦںٻһ˳§ߵƤص¾㱸ֻǷˣ͵ϱ޹ˡ
ٻһ죬һĵ֡뵽ԼܿҪҶδˣ̲ס
㻹ûҳأٻһü˵
Ҷ￴ٻһСϱĽģʱзǸԼ
ʱܣ϶ʧġҶһԼؿڣһҰĵӣȫһжϧʱٰġ
ٻ֪ЩҪ֪ԼҶżŪ飬ֻǵ˦ƹ񣬲֪᲻ߵĳ嶯
㲻ǾãҽҪסɣٻ΢΢һ㶡ÿ׳һ۹⿴Ҷô֪ĺ
Ҷﱻ˵һ㶣ססĶȻ֪ǰһ죬ϰףǲסһġ
ٻ˿һҶһﻹǲ֪漴ε˵ϰףҵȥסԼȥһܿٻһͳŮӡ
ԣҶʱЦãⶼʲôˣҪȻڴĶ̳УڽַȽǲӦȥˡ
ϱͱںЩˣĶôأⶼʲôˣǸϻ
ٻԣƺʲôʵҲȥס뵽һˣ컹ԼӡԼ϶Ӧô˼ߵġ
ֻ衣ãٻ˵
ٻô˵Ҷ˼ʼ뷨ĸǻ򵥣ֱӽӹˡ
ϱ㿴вһǹȥ˼ҽӹͺˣһҲôˡҶ￪ڽ
ٻһòͦõģԾ͵˵ͬˡǵյĲ飬ԥ
ʱ˿ųһȥ˽еҽԺȻһྡҶ￴վ״ָ̬հһûʲô⣬ŷ
õҶĿ϶ٻҪջؼס顣һסҽԺﱾ͹¶ȻǺԸ⡣
ս˻ٶȳţֱҶŷֶ龹Ȼô鷳Ҫһ·Ԥʾڽ꺮ů˴˹ĺǻ
ģҲûа취ֻܰ˵˼죬ȥ˼ȡٻĽָ
ϱȥĶɽҶѯʺٻĴ㡣ٻһ¾͸Ҷ˵˸ط
ɫʱһ۵ĽֵͣҶƵĿٻطʲô̳ǶûУô·
ٻû˵ʲô͸źٻ߹հƵһƽĲ÷ꡣ
λʲôҪģ㿴һϰӭһְҵΪ΢Ц
ٻһЦ̣㲻ʶ˰˵껹ƵĿŮϰ塣
ţǡٻٻ̴һºٻܿ˳⵹ҶЩ죬ٻ߸ϵŮܲãȻС÷ϰô죬ѵʲô֪顣
ϱλǣʲʵԭҶںٻߵѯʵ˵껰΢Ц̴˸к
ʱõĲ÷죬Զ·ٻһЦͿͷ˵ûѹԼٻô˵ʱЦֱ˵ٻڿ佱Լ
ٻٻӦ°ɣջԾ֮䣬æʵֻˣһǴԹһ־ͨСϰաƺֻǸС÷꣬ʵȴǽõֹµꡣ
ٻЦŻص̣Ҫһ·ֻϾҪ֪ܸܲϵü
üͷһ壬ʼʱʱ̫ĻԼû취ġ
ʱе㼱ü֪켸ҪǲⵥģѾһͣʺûûҹĸɻҲֻǴöѡǺٻͲ˼ܾˡǺٻǰʵҲͦϲǿСŮġ
̴Ӧٻ˿ʵ֮ΪҶÿδװһŤܵӡҪȥ·ٻ뵽Ҫллˣ֪Էܽⵥ⣬ΪԼĹϵ
̾ͿʼҶ塣˵壬Ҳֻز˼Χһ۾ͿˣרŲ
һԵĺٻҲûţʼѡȡϣþҵһӡӳʰɫҲֱϺҶʺ䣬ȻҶʵʱ١
Լߵȡ·˸˶𣬾뿪˲÷ꡣ


179 ֵĽ
ϱҶ·ô죿Ҷɻǲʵ
ٻò鲻˴㡣ʱȴûɵ붺һҶ
ҵ㶨ˣԼ顣ٻ꣬ǽס΢΢𡣶˵ǻ·ԼҶ˾ˡ
Ҷһͷˣ̲ôİ㵹ˣô죿ܲԼȥŮʿװɣȻǸط˵ܾջûŮţԼ
Ǹϱ᲻Ҫ˽ɣҲû۸㰡ɲܶҲܰҶĿźٻǵúٻһЦֹ
ҿûǸ˼ֻ飬ҲŲҪ͡ҶԱ񣬺ٻаˬһԼˡ
Ҷɫһڣʱȥ򶼲֪˵ѡ·ˡ⺮ٻҪ治ȥԼѵҪҸŮԼȥòƲ̫ʰɣϾҪˡ
Ҷı飬ٻ̲סЦȻⷬҶ׽Ūǿġ
Цˣҵ·㲻ˡԼУȥˡЦһٻ˵Լ˼ԼֻǶһЦû뵽һﾹȻˣûһĬС
Ҷһ϶ת硣ԼǱƭ˰УһҪȥţҶͼƻŴôͷٻˡ㲻ĳͷԼҲҪ취ռ˻ԸοԼϵ顣
һ·Ц֣;ȥ˼ȡ˽ָȻĻص˼ҡӦʧȥϢˣϾʹˣвٻЪϢƬ̣ʱ䲻˾߽˳ʼ
ûԼҶεɳϿŵӡһ뵽ԼҪˣľ;Ҳû˿ӵ˼һƬҡ
ϣԼиͨǱֲ̫ĽӴһǳ˵ıܣһǻûнǱ
͸źٻæµӰûɵľһƬƽеķҲһɨա
ǲȥϷһСѾͷҶͻȻðһ뷨ʱԼǳ˱˵ʲôҶֵôοĸƤӵȵ飬һܴ̼ԼҪǲԺ϶
ţҶͿʼȼܵĻҲŵŲ
СѾͷ첻ѵѵ㣬Ͳ֪ϹҵҶһ󼤵ȴΪԼΪɡ
æͻȻ˴Ӻ汧סٻʱһܿ뵽ڼֹʼһ߻ﰵҶ쵰
ϱɱ˰ȻҪˡҶẮٻķ֣һӡͬʱ޳ܵвЦ˻С椣㻹۸Ҳ
ٻһ⻰ҲֹͣаҶǸϵıǿЦáⶼʲô˰ԼԿˣմ˱˵ĻҪУ㻹ܱҪһ
ˣſңŲءٻΣֻܳһ̫ûɫˣⱻշˣԼ
ҶٺһЦȴû˼ڸղţͻȻر뱧Żе˶ʱûκаֻһζִδйůҸ
Ҷˣ˶Ҫˡٻ֪ôģҶռˣ͵ıշ֡ѾʼҶ顣
Ҫһ£Ҿͷſ㡣ʱҶѾŵһ˿ζæ˵
ٻһʱû˵ƺ˼Ҷ顣Ĳ˿ʼðˣֻܽߵĵ˵ͷͬ˺ߵҪ󣬲Ȱѻصԥ
һǵģͲԼҪҲ̫Ϊˡٻ˼룬һʱ䲻֪ǺãҪԼҶ˵ʵЩΪ顣
ϱ㲻ƭҰɣ㰡һءҶһЦȻȻϵ۾һξ׵ı飬޵úٻ˵Ҫļһ
ҪȴãҶûеȵٻǣȴԷݺݵıһ¡ǰҲǴĵϷٻ֪߿϶
飬ǽȽϺáðͷҶ۾ȵĿźٻƺҪʱԵһ
ٻӿ죬ϸŲ뵽һ϶᲻ĿĲݣҲǸɴ۾˫ǲɵ΢΢š
ĳһ̣һŨصϢٻӿ졣ȻǵһαҶǣǲ֪ΪʲôԼĬ˰ɣָоΪŨҡ
Ҷ￴ٻķӦϴŵЦ⡣Ȼںߵ˫һ£ٶȷֿ
ϱҪ͵ĳǣҵĶӰҶҪˡݵܽӴҶŶӣĵա
ٻ۾ҶһۡæҪļһƳ˳ȷҪһٴȥʲôοоԼϻģɲҶ￴
մ˱˵Ҷﱻ˳ҲһζĳɳȥǲٵϷٻȥˣõʱ˻ҪӣǾ̫Ӧˡ
һдһŨҶĶǾһ顣
Ҷȥ𴲳ԷҿˡʱдٻҶʱͶˣȻ顣¥ƿţͣˡ
ĸˣȥԷɡҶЦ˵
΢΢һЦһƬº͵ĿҶôĸ￴Ůӡ漴˾¥ʱѾ˷ʢ͡Էڼ䣬ղǸҶвˣʹҶƤҲЩ˼
һﲻ˼һ£ȴվһƵĿźٻƺ˵裬Һòá֪һƢԵĺٻȻҶֺΪԶĳĸء
һͽ˾ڿڼոǷҶԺһҪúչ˺ٻҶﵱȻǵͷӦһ˲˵Ҳᾡȫ
Ȼջٻ˵ҪһġŮһı֣ûڣΪٻѾ仯̫ˣһֱ˽ߵ˶÷˼
Ϊԭһʱ˵Ҫ¥ϢˡٻȻǵȥĸףҲ¥ƵҶû˴ԼˣƵĻص˷䡣
뵽Լδˣô˯ţɴ˸̳
ڶ糿ҶǱٻѵġΪʧߵԵʣҶټˡ벻Ắٻһģ뵽һỹȥȡ·ҶͲ鲻Ը뿪˱ѡ
ųĲ÷꣬Ҷ﷢һ÷ͿšǶԷ֪Ҫڵء߽ȥһȻûһ˿⣬򵥴кԺ󣬽̾ʹһùһ·ݸҶ
Ҷһͦõģʹǰ޵Ŀ⣬ҵκβ㡣΢Ц˵཭ˡ
˵ŻҶͳ׼õǮ˹ȥ
ǽ충ɣ·͵ʱҸǵĺɡ΢΢һЦٶùһȹݸҶͬʱܾҶݹǮ
ٻٻҹϵܺãǰңҵһ⣬ͲҪܾˡ¶һ˿䣬ǰ顣ҶԷô˵ֻܽ˶Էݺ⡣
ҾʹٻٻллˡҶЦ˵
΢΢һЦҲûΪҶĿʡٶȿ˵ٻٻǸŮҪúϧҪʲôԵĵطҲ¡˵꣬ɫ΢΢һ뵽ʲô
Ҷ⻰ǲ˵˵⻰һǺٻ׽ˣ˷ĪڽҲô˵ҶЩ벻ͨ
ϸʵʱ򣬽ѾĳȥȻǲԸ˵ʲôˡɻ֮£ҶҲֻܴ·Ƶ뿪Ĳ÷ꡣ


180 ʾ֭
ؼҳԹ緹ԺҶͿųϺٻź߶ȥʽʮһ㿪ʼԢһһѾŵˡϹȥҲҪСʱʱ䲻ǺܿɡϾͺٻӭӱ͵ĵء
һ·ֳۣʱҶһۿϧʱæǰæӰаһԼ磬ôæͲ±˻
ôţҶʵûԹϧʱ˼˳Ҷһо˹ȥ
磬ôô硣ϧʱԼҶæкϧʱûôϷˣҶʹʹɫϧʱŷӦ
ӦϧʱȻܸվˣæЦŵλǲĸɣҶĴ硣
裬Ҷĸ硣ٻϧʱæԱ˵
ȻоҶûκ֮Ҳû뵽ԷǼٵġæºٻ˺ϧʱ̸ڼĵûȻǶҶ顣ҶȻվһԣǽŵҪϧʱһСĴ
ϧʱʵʲôͱʲôڱ಻˵ԼȻҶĸ磬һֱסڼ磬˳겻һ𣬲Ǻ˽
ȥٻٻӭӱͰɣվţҺͲĸú˵˵ϧʱƺΪԼȷ˵ĿյҶķԸһǼĴ硣
Ҷﱻһƺ׸ˡӦܿ죬˵ͷźٻ뿪ˡʱٻһֱЦȵԶ˾Ҳ̲סЦ
ѵÿҶԱټҶͻȻ˸ͦȤġ
Ҷ￴ٻⷴӦĻ֪ʲô֮£æʼתƻ⡣
ϱطô
ٻԣʼΧĻһƬɳ̲˵Ǻ̲ԱһСĺҲƱټϱ˹װ󣬵Щĸо
û뵽Ҷһﻹ˼ٻЦȴ˵У֪Ҷһﾭס佱Լһ佱ܻŪʲô
ʱƣ˸ıҲǽڼҶֻվڴЦ˼Ҳʮúܳʱ䡣
תۣ͵ʮһ㡣һ̨ϣҲһװ˾
𾴵ĸλλǣ
£սԵϲõǻһãΪҶͺٻСжʽȣҴ˫ˣλʾҵĻӭĵĸлΣĵףԸҶͺٻŮʿҸúϡ

ǣҶͺٻŮʿ
˾ǵһƽ͵ڳͬʱ˶ҵĹ̺ͷֵҶͺٻ
ϱеۣҪô߿һ㡣һֱֻٻţҶЩƵ˵ȴ˺ٻһߡ
һҲǲֳϣʲô϶Ҫһ²ſġ߿𡣺ٻаӣȴӯӯЦ⡣ҸҶﻺǰС
̨ϣҶ̲סһԲǰС̫Ųߣ˵ĥ
еһλ˻Ͷ˾ٶȿڡ
ԣҶͺٻǴǰ׼õضĵݸԷҶ￴źԼĺٻůůһЦŮ˾ԼˡȻֻǶ飬νļٶ顣ڶǵĶ顣
·֮˾ٶȿ˵һЩףĻҶֱһʺϵ񸸡־Ͳ͸ˡ˾Ȼ֪Ҷʲôȶõĳǵһ
λ˻ָ˾ǿʼڶ򡣵˶Ժٶ˵ССĽָλǣһͬ߹

ʱƣĳҲǽˡһ飬ǺͶơҶȺٻͿʼ̨Ϊ˾ơһȻպϧʱˡ
Ҷͺٻһ߹ˣʼƣŵĻϧʱĸףǼٰҶģһҶʶˣǹ˾ĸܣǼٰҶ塣
Ϊ˲ɣҶȻҪƺġ֮ǾˣҺҶϤ˶ˡòС죬Ҷ˵˼䣬Ҳͺٻ˵˼Ļ
ֻҶ뿪ԺȵıȴЩ֪ԼеĸоǶʧʲôһ
ҶϵܣٶȻ죬ߵһһʱ򣬰׺кȻУһ͵٩ҶŪҶһΡͬʱϻҼˣҲһ

ʽڼ֪̫Ѿƫϲʱһŵ£ֵȺ
Ҷû°ɣһȦٻɫʼЩҶĵʵҶȻЦЦʾԼû¡ľƻûµġ
ҶʱȴоۣһֱվţҲûϢοǰ˾ǵĴݲСźٻǾģҲ˼˵ۡ
ϱ쿪ʼҵˡڽҶæ˵úٻһۡⶼʲôˣôʥʽıƻ֪˵ˣôͳˣⲻǻû
ٻĻȴû˵֪ҶˣʵҲܿģҶĻǳɬ
ûٻĪ˵һ仰Ҷɫһܿͻָ˹ڸղлԼѾ뿪˽УȥлԼҲ֪
ϱԱɡҶﲻ˵Ƶ飬Ǽæתƻ⣬һױ˵
ٻ΢΢ͷĵԼû׸ż٣ĳ棬Ȼ˲Ǻܶ࣬Ǻϲ졣
ʱ仺ȥʱ֣˽˸𡣵ȵ̫ҪϵʱѾߵĲˣҲϧʱĸȥˡ
Ҷǿɳ˶ָʰϧʱźٻ뿪ֳ
ϱȥĶոջһƣҶһϳͻ˲úٻһӣֱԼǱƭˡ
㲻ǺǻؼϢɡٻ΢΢һ̣ЦЦ˵
Ѿͷһ㶼õӣҪǲȥԼһ£ǲ̫ϧˡ˵Ҳû˵۰ҶţֱƺʾһԼо񡣺ٻʱһﶺЦˡ
ŮҴȥطɡҶһãܿͻһģȻ˵ٻȻһףһȤȱȱӡ
ٶȳԱҶǲˣѵҪȥ˯⻹ж뵽ʼٻ
ϱոһûԺãҴȥԷɡ
ϱҪôȥֳӰҲа

Ҷʾ֭ôܲؼңȥԼᡣ˵ЩȻǶԺٻû֮£ɴ׳ɱ
ϱȥɡ
һڣٻķŭĿ˹ȥ˻ҪҪˣǴӦҶȥ䣬û뵽ôһ䡣


181 Ůܲù
ҪȥԼȥˡٻӲ˵Ȼ֪ҶǿЦģЦʵǿЩˣʹҲˡ
Ҷһٻжʱ붺һߣû뵽Լû˵˻æʼֺúٻ˵ϱǸ˼ôô뷨أ
ٻȻİĳһѵҶ⻰һڣ̲סˡ治֪ٲ֪ҪǲϾûˣûĵһҶ
ѾˣҲȥϰˡǰղ˵鶼һ顣ٻ˵
ʲôҶΪԼˣ̫ˣЩš
ϱ˵ڿҶ˵꣬͸оԱɱһźٻŭԼҶƺҪˣæһı飬ͼһ˿ġ
˵һٻĿڣ˵֮塣Ҷ￴ûж̵˼΢΢˿ܿ뵽ʲôԡ
ʲôгһһġ
Ҷ뵽ղ˵飬ϵ亹ͻֲ̫ˣʲôԷ˯Ӱ֮һûʲôŶˡû˯ҪǻҪ֣ɢֳȾơ
ôȷһҶﰵԼͣûŶãŪðʯͷԼĽš
㲻ǲԸɣҶɫһãߣٻɻʵ
ҶһȻе뷨˵ֱ˵Ը⡣֮£˾ֱӻؼˣΪһˣźҲû˵ԻطϢˡ
Ƕӣ˵㲻˯һҲ϶ҪཻǶҶͺٻ˵סһܾˣȻƽʱҲûʲô
ڶ峿ٻմ˵绰֪սᱻϧʱͻҽԺٻעⰲȫ͹˵绰Ҷͺٻʰһ£ͳš
ô˵˺ٻһһ죬ҶʵǺܿĵġ˵ΨһµľŮ˹ˣڳϾ̹
֮˾ֱȦȻҶٰ㰧󣬵վûá֮£ҶͿʼĿġ
Ҷ·ôٻһ׺ɫƤ£ϸǲ֪Ķīһıʵ
Ҷ̧ͷһǱٻ־޵װԵˡֽ·ٻµģͻԳߵĽƤµİ£ֳһûҴʱٻĸоǴδйֿᣬԾǿޱȵĸо
ϱĺܺÿһҪҶѾʼԼһװģٻ粽ĸԼ棬ţϰŮڵϡ
ٻҶĻϸһ£ǺܲġԣϾ·òģһߵʱ䴫ҶϲǾָԺ˳ȥ棬ϡ
˵㺮ٻ֣˵ٻȫǴַһҶ￴Ҷھ̾ͬʱҲԼԴǣźٻǳ޲ѡ
ٻ֪һıԣָ˵һ𻰣мġҶ佱ٻǺܸ˵ġ
ӣ쿴ôٻһ¶ȹҶתһȺûһŷ֪ʲôʱȻججİ۾ƺʱ˯ȥ
һҶûӦٻʱ֪һ϶װģȻԺĻôٶۡ
쵰ȻǰϷٻ뵽漴۾һת˼ƲߡҶЦأʵǺˡ
ףûĲĴݲ˰ɡ㱣ӣ㰾ͷˡҶ˼ţȴٻƺԼǰˣûӦһֻͱٻС־ס
ϱıɱ׷򰡣ҶʱҪǲ֪¶Ͱ׻ôˡæ۾ȴϺٻ
㿴·ôٻ˿ûзſĳ˶ͷЦӯӯٶʵ
ϱܲȷſҵĶ䰡ҿֻܿߡҶﵣԼĶ᲻ᱻæ˵
ٻ΢΢һüܿ뵽һĴ㣬һֻ֣ץסҶһֻ䣬ŷſԭȵֻڿһߣ¿϶ܿĵҶĶ䣬Ҷˣ治۸ŮˣҪȻỹġٻ϶ΪⱨԼġ
ܺÿĺܺÿҶҲ˲ϸ۲ˣΪԼҸæֺõ˵
ٻԣ¶һ˿óѵЦ⣬ŷſҶĶ䡣
ôˣǲﲻҶһԹĿԼٻд֣ȴ޹˵
ⶼʲô˰ʩмͥ˼ʡҶһηѾͷҲСħһ棬Լ̫ˣԱ¶
ôԣҾιˣȥԷɣԱ˲˰ٻԹԵһԵһƶİװ˵˵꣬һŽµСƤѥŤСĵĳ
Ҷ仰˵ܲȰѶڳϣԼúٻıע⣬ô˵ԼѾܶˣٲԶҶҪʼܲöЩˡ
ϱô찡Ҹˡ͸װ϶Ҷ￴ٻĵþͲˣæѾͷǰԼ˰ɣҪ֪ǰ˺ߣԼǮֻгԿ׶ʱˡúٻĻ˵ǲԹͰҶˡ
ٻԣתƵĿ˹漴ͷ˵̵ģͲ߿һ㣿
ߣǱˣԺ󻹸ҰɡٻܶζԼֵô᲻Ҷķ־ֵֺļΪ㡣޼ɵĿʼ۸Ҷ˭һš
ٻһҺܲĲҶһ߽ȥ̻˹ͳ嵽һŵǰȻһѰװĺٻһЦԼ̫ˣһǰĲ״Ȼװġ
ԱȸƿˮҶһƨϣͳҪ߹ķԱŮںܶ˶һɤӴˣЩĿ˹ҶԱСɽһİװͬǱһһͬ飬ȻҲǻйľ
ٻҶĶ¶һ˿⣬Ů˹Χͬһһ㶵ģôŮôôĥԼ̣϶ʲô¡ǿҶıֱ˱ӡ
˶ˡܻ᲻ͬʱߡʱĺٻɡ
ҶȻۣΧ˵Ŀ⻹ܸоĵʱп˵˵ҲúЩĵʲô
Ϲ㿴˼ҶϱֿôණУ´ҲҪҿʱԱߵʿʼ˵ƺŮĽٻԼϹҲ
ӣǰһ̻ϱô˵ʱ˺ߣʲôǹ
ǲǺۣٻҶﹾཱུĺһƿˮæ˼ʵﻹôģǰֻͷһҶĿĴﵽˣҶЩˡ
ҶԣȻһж˵ǿʼˡŰѶĿˮֶȻѣæĿ˵Լֻ࣬ǳ鴤ıô˵ٻ
ȵķҶͿʼ˴죬ǰ󱳵ĸоˣǲע
Ҷٻĳ˹ĵĶˡҪģԵú٣Ҷֻ֪뱥ʱ򣬺ٻͷ˿ӣؿҶ


182 ܲ
ϱôһֱҿǳϸ˰ɡҶһæһ߽ſյʼڻǲԣˡ
ٻ˿һۣҶеͷҲû˵ʲôֻ￪ʼŴǲӦٹһᡣò׳һˣôҲҪֲһǰٹֵź
ҶȻ֪ٻе뷨϶Լӣëǲ򲻸İ
Ҷ¿ӣ̲סһҲ˲ǻŵķϣԼϸ¶һ˿ЦģںٻôǸԻ
ϱﶢҵһչ֮ҶŷֺٻֵĿ⿴Լæʵ
һʻٻһЦЦ˵ϵķǴһ˵𣿡
ԣҶʱεĨһ°͡˵һŷʱҶǶˣô˻СӶûòơ
ϱôǲǻؼҰ㿴ɫˡٺһЦΪΣҶæʵĵ⡣˵Żָָ߸߹̫
治ϣͲ͵һ㣬һҶаһ䣬ϸһŤ
ҲðٻЦͲ׳գѷԱйˡ
ϱǲǰѶȷŻسϰ뵽ͣĵطòƾԱߣҶæ鵽ܽʲôôװǺܲġ
ٻһ£͵˵ͷͬˡ˳˲ͰѶŻصĳϡô˵ٻȻ֪ʶ·϶Ҷá
ϱĲؼ𣿡Ҷ￴ѶźþҪ˺ٻæһ˿ϣĽ顣ٻƺֱĻԳǰȥ
֮£Ҷֻܿһæϡ
Ťһ£һ£ֻҪһ¾ͺðǶͣСЬҶиڵ䵽
ŮƺվһߣϾ뷨̫ɶһ㣬뷨ȻûӦ顣
ϱȥĶٻʱʱ·ߵĸַװר꣬ҶʱˣҪһΣ϶Ҫˡ
ٻԣתͷҶһƺ˵֪ʲôչûٽȥһӰԺǰͣ˲ӡȻŴͷɥҶ˵ǽȥӰɣҪǲ뿴ͼ֡
Ҷ϶ǲ֣Ժʣ˽ȥӰԺ
ΪĩԵʣӰԺ˻ǺٵġҲʡȥųӵ鷳ٻѡһйƬһȴ£߽˷ӳҡ
ӳҵЩ壬źߵλ£˾ĵȴŵӰĿʼ
ϱôϲֵӰӰûʼҶҸ⣬ʺٻֹƬһЩµĶ˵˾׬ȡڵᡣȻֶܲθڡ
ҶԹԵ˵ٻҲûгֻʾһҶú߰ӰҲʼš
Ӱнһ£һᾫӢйһвԼǰ֢ڣж೤ʱˡΪ˻ܸ޶һЩϣͨϵ˽֤˸߶ա
Բ߻һͨ¹ȥ˾һĴ˾ΪóԺд⳥Լס
Ѫľ飬ҶʵǷζζȥ͸͸ǿһԿýζĺٻִסԼͷΪҪԼȥˣһٻԼϿˣԼǿˡ
ʱƣתۼСʱȥӰҲǽˡҶдʱȻھеĺٻȴɫįĲԲҶһ
ϱˣǲǸ˰ҶٻûӦ̲ס˵
Ҷ˵ٻϵı鷽ŻָһЩ漴վҶĸ첲Ȼ䱻ٻ첲ȻǵһΣҶҲҸͻȻ
ѵΪӰӦòɣҶа룬Ѿ˻ͷһҪʺٻʲôҪΪ˵ĵӰԺһҪӰ
ϱȥĶҶ￴ֻѾϰĵˣҲϢˣæʵ
ٻ룬һʱҲ֪ȥˡҶȥֳһᣬϾк̼ܶϷٻʱҪǱŵˣԼܺúðѺ߱ڻʾһԼİȫˣ˳㻹ܿʲôġ
Ϊϲûֳ˾Ȼȥ˳㿪ȥˣֱӻؼҲܷ㡣
ϱǱиݣǽȥȥɡҶ˵ŻźٻȥϧٻϵһۣͿʼ۲Χʩ
һС˼֪ܲʵҶһʼҪֳٻ֪뷨ˡٻ֮ûоܾǲһζҶ˼
ߣѾܳʱûֳˣҶʱЩĶġ
ȥĦְɡٻһЦ漴ָָԶر޴˽Ҷһ飬Ħʲôģ˼ô룬ȴû˵
Ӻٻı鿴ĳӦǺֵطĺܿҲǸһҪٻĵʹ졣
Ħֵڣʱ䲻ȥˣĦ־ͻתٻҶֱۣһĵĿ磬Ҷ￴ĳɵٻǺġ
ϱҪվɡٻһֱ쳤ŲӣһܺӣҶ̲ס
ٻ飬վſ˲ǰһ󣬲δٶ
ҶʱźٻٻӰ߸ĸо̫ˡԴǰʱı仯󣬸ǻŷԼǰƺܣÿһֶܺܺõļԦʱ䣬ʱƤʱᣬʱ
뵽ҶﲻлֻǾԼǰԼʹһŮߡ
ϱ˵ĦǵˣõŮףһҸ֣롣Ҷһ˵е⣬ȴ¶ɡ
һҶô˵ٻƺЩ춯ܿʵ˵Ҫԡ˵ͬʱٻϵɬҲԽԡ
ҶѵһڿˮΪ˲Լ¶ݣæһ˵ҾÿԣҲһϿģ˵С
Ҷô˵ٻеıȴϽˮ಻ǲҪĿôԣƫҪΡţ׽ŪһҶ
԰ɡٻߵĵ˵ͱϵһξ׵СŮģ
ٻķӦҶжʱǸ󣬿ڲŸǺð͸㶨ˡţҶ˷ܵİԼĴ쿿ȥһ׷
β¶ˣٻЦһȴĵȴʱ䣬õһתͷܿ϶ܰɫˣ쿿ˡԽԽϢٻĬĬļš
ۿ˵촽ҪһʱҶĲ˵ķΧ£˽ǻǵһΣΧкܶ˵¡
ʱٻ͵ƲͷҶ֪ԼϵˣʱʱʲôѾͷ̫øˣôõķΧͱƻˡ
뵽ҶĶˣ۸˵ģۻһ죬㲻ˣҪҡ̫ɺˣһҪѳһ


183 鷳
ҶһԱģٻʱһЦǰ¡֮΢
˵ľ뻹ǺܽģҶȻע⵽һ㣬ֻ۾ʱС⻰ôţеʧ֪֮ɣܰ˵ĲǰһĻ
ϱջҵģɲԹҰҶһЦϵıһɨգ漴ٻӦͻɫȥءͻȻסٻܵ뷴ϧ屻Ҷѹţĵʵɲó
ܵĽӴȻǵһΣǺٻߵıۣ˳ҧסأĳ˳˻ȥӵءٻķӦҶȴǺٻĬԼĶϾܵʿһʼ
ϧٻķʵǰҶ赲档֮£ҶͿʼתսԣרĵ˵ĺ촽충˻ԵʣٻʼӭüֻƤ͵͵ܳţҶĻᡣ
ʱڼĦոǱޱȣ·ֻҪһأʱһУսһ¥
㣬վǲһ㡣ΪһϸĶ֣ȥƺʴˡҶ˽ǵʱֳԱߵһöϣһɫ׵˳ĳеAWPϵ;ѻǹ͸ռ䣬׼ĦҶ
ȻĦתţٶȣûиţ㹻ţֻҪ۶Ǹ񻰰˾ͻ鴤ĵ¡
ĳһ̣īͫУɢһ˿˵ĺ⡣̲סҲ˶
ҶѵõᣬʱٻѾЩ飬ȻֻǽǣδµܾסҶ߳ĽǶĵϷܿʶã
ԣɱȻ֮䣬һͷҶԺ漴͵رסٻϹȥͬʱһźХĻ棬ĦһĲһǶӡ
գҶϻһ亹ǿš
ɱ֡ҶӺٻ¶ɱ⣬ֱƻµĸоĳŭʱҶ￴ӣǲ赲һֳԵʣӵֻǿǶȥһ¶ڿС
ӵҶͫ˲Ѿ֪ҹɱһγˣλѡȥ֮ҶͰѳӵȡ˳ǰһȫơ
Ҷǲɱ֡ٻɫЩѿʵ
Ҷԣĵһͷ漴վԶɱǸ֣ϴһ϶ҲʧˣŸվ¶ڱ˵Ұ¡
½ǶȣҶͽĿⶨɱָղڵĴ¥ϡ⣬˵ĳλþ¥뵽ҶæúٻҪСġǴբţֱĦ֡
ҶڵĲ治ǺܸߣҶŸô⾪׵ı֣ʵ˺ܶ˵ע⡣
ٻҶ뿪ú󣬼ĦͣͼæܳĦ֡ʱֳıȻҲǷӦ˹ĺٻٻ뵽ҶﵥǹƥȥˣвǼٵġֳĹˣæ˵һ飬Ǳ˾
Ҷ뿪ֳһ·ԱߵĴ¥ɫʱĮˣ¥ʱ򣬾Ȼû˸
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һ¥һ飬Ժо˴¥Ĵ½ṹ¥ݣݣж˺ܴѡκ飬Ըһֺ£ԸֻʧܡҶܻڣһִеĺܳס
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Ҷһ۵Ľ䣬ܺõڸסԼΡʹԼĺƽ˷·һΨ˫ӣ֤ʶ
ĳһ̣ҶͻȻΨһʱͫͻȻһ漴ոջ̩ɽҶԾͬʱƷδĿȴǿһ˵¥ݹսǡ
˵ҲɣʱһӰڹսǣײӭ⡣˷Ӧܿ죬ںײԼǰһ룬ΥѸή֮յıܹ˱ɱһ
ô;ˡƺһɡɱ֣ûһмҶƺǰҶη塣
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ţҲɱ֮ˡҶһĮĳѾ˱ɱľġΪ˺ٻİȫΪԼΣҲú߰Ȼȥ
ɱ֣һ˿мΪԼԸҶֻͻ´ɱʱ̤Ҷʬ̳һָоǿˡ
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˵Ĵ򶷺ܿΧ˵ע⡣˫㽻֣ذ׳֣ȻһìܣһȺֻԶţ˭Ҳҿ
Ҷｻһòˡһȭɱֵ̫ѨϣҲһζڵϣ˹ȥܾûôʹĳˣҪΧԽԽ࣬ġ
ֱӸɵԷʱ£Ҷ˵ʲôҲɱ֡Ͼǻģͨ硣ɱȻڣ̫һЩΪ˲鷳ѡʱζԷ
Ҫʰ˺ܼ򵥣һɱģҪǱץˣʧȥɡɱ˺߸Ȥ
ܿԶʹ˴̶ľһһȺƷֳ˾ͳ˹Ҷ￴һߵĺٻº͵ЦЦǰɱʧӰ١
ϱôˣ˵úôˡҶ֪߹ԼΪ˲úٻʲôӰǺɵ˵ٻǲЩ˹סҶ


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ãһ˰ɣЩҪ˽һ¡һᾯ߹䵭˵ڹϳ֣˴ΣȻŸŮһû˵ӣҲ̫Ƿ˰ɡ
Ҷԣ΢΢һ㶡ʱģòƳġæڣҪ˺ңҴˡҲֻ̫ҿȥҲûʲôáҶεʼ磬ǲȥģ˭֪Ⱥ˻ж鷳
ᾯһϴŲ˵Ǿ죬ǣ˵Ҫһˣȥȥɲɵ㡣ƾһ֮ǣôš˵Ż˾ȡƺҶҪǸҷͶˡ
˵ĶҶ¶һ˿ɱ⡣Ӳ㵱Ǻ۸ĲɡƾС죬Ҳô
˵˲ȥͲȥҶһϵƶȻ˳ŵᾯ̲סһܿͷӦԼǸִߣôܱųͳǹָҶ
вСӣȰʶ㣬һˡҪٸҷȨʹһЩֶΡЩ˻ߣôǵӡ
ʱҶɫҲ̫ÿƽǹָԼˣǰɵ˶ʧˡЩɵ۵ĺٻȰ裬Ҷһͳᾯǰһֲֻ֪ʱѾںǹֱϣߵֱ˲
ҪҶ𣿡Ҷһâ̲κθ顣
ᾯʱѾɵˣû뵽Ҷڹ컯֮¶Լ֡ʲô˻ȥȻҸϮ
֪ҶߵվûڳֹΪǻģ컯֮ϮҶ֪ԼɣԿĻԼ
СϮ缸ҶֻŻԼᾯʱˬˣΪжأû뵽ֻŻŻң뵽Լǰı֣ᾯ뱨Сӵɫơ
ʱҶѾô׳ˣֱֻ˵绰ֳİ࣬岻Լ͵ĻǾ̫˵ȥˡ
Сӣվ𶯣־Ҷŵ绰أᾯͬ飬һҶûһĴ绰ʱǳҶﵭһЦϵı˵Ϸʡ
Ҫ㣬϶Ҵ绰
˵ƺ˵ʲôȴͬסˡȻ˶ûӣЩѾʲô
ҶﰡôҴ绰ˣСӿ²ǲʲôˡ绰һͨǴʹ˳
Ҷʱ鲻ˬȻûкͺĵ˼ͽڵ˵һ飬ߺԼȫѾյ⣬ҪǲһȷĴ𸴣ԼͷһЩνִߡ
һʱһͷӣ˭÷ҪҶȻ֪ҶݱһСֱܾᣬͨ
ǸҶһ¡ϴ绰Ƿߣȱ嶯һ߲ϵ亹һ߼˵˵ĹϵȻûʲô鶼ܺĵزҪҶﱻǻˣճԿͷˣ϶Լ
Ǿ鷳ξֳˣɱѹȥȹţʱȥԿġҶﵭһЦֲЦ˵ľеģ˵ҪԸҵţԼֿ϶ҪԶæȻǳһøӡ
ͺͨ껰ҶЦĿǰŵˡЩ˵ǲɵòƶڵϢҲû˸ҶĲʹ졣ܿ죬µľԱĵ绰
ȻҶ趨õģǱͷ˾һٳ󲻸ĵĿҶһۣһնˡǸӳ֮ĹְҶ֪Էﲻʹ죬ҲúСƽϡνλôҪǺʲô˶˺ҧһ飬̫ˡ
Ҷû°ɣûˡƽϢٻܲϻˣæߵΣĵʵҶԣٺһЦеٻ㷢ʾԼû¡
ܵĶٻǲûеִʱȫȫļҶ壬֪ȷûˣһ
˼Χ˶뿪ˣǸɱҲѺ˳ûº뿪˴áʱٻȻû԰ˣ˼ͣĵط
ȥĶϺٻ̲סɻʵΪʱʻķ򣬲ûгűȥѵǲؼңҪȥĶ
Ҷ΢΢һЦ¶һ˿ƻȴû˵ȥĶֻǶٻһˡ
ٻȻɻ󣬲Ҷû˵ҲʣҶǲԼСɽ˵ġֻҪߣʲô£ǾԵΡ
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ʱҶͺһﱻ˴ˣû´ĻǸһ϶ڰ·ݡΪ˶סԷѾˣֻҪɱָҳ֣Ϳһ¹ʣ׽һС
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һǰһӣĴ֣ʱҶ֪Ϊʲôɱڻûˣû´Ļڵȡ֮ͨҶͿʼע·ߵķ羰ʱ͵ɽ·ش˵·ģ·Կʼ಻ɽïܵĴ֡
Ӧò˰ɣҶĬĬǰĳӾͿʼһζƬ̺ӾͣһӰҲǸһǸɱ֡
ˡҶ¶һ˿ٻһҲһ̶ĦУҵļʸ㣬˳ȥ
̫󣬸³ɱȻˣתͿ˽ǰɫʱݣĻ֪ԼǱҶˡֻʱѾһףҪ㿪ȴѾ
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ô֪ҪӣҶŲм߹ɱѾʼԼǵˣԼø߹ʵҲ֪ԼûϣˣﷴƽҶﵽô֪ԼҪ·ֵ飬ơ
ҶһЦһ붸ȻкߵüġɱֵʶҲɢؼ䡣ΨǵɵԲԲ۾ƺڸ˵Ĳʡ
ΪʲôܺúûţȴҪԭ򡣡Ҷﵭڣƺոյĳֶû˿ѹǰѱһӲ
Ҷǰȥʬüĵȡ͵ĮһԵľ򿪳ŷѱȥְһŪѡ
ˣϣûϵҶɣƺλ߶µһ㡣ľԱȻ˵ʲôǴ֪ЩЩ鲻ʡæͷʾԼס
ߵķӦҶҲû˵ʲô˳ӡ漴ͷ˳뿪ֳ


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ٻʱ˵ĸо˵ЩҶˡǰһۿҶɱǸɱ֣һȻûһЦ˵
ںƽĺٻ˵ֻΣѽܵġҶԼٻɫһţǿʼ˼롣ҿɱˣǰڰɡ
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ǲӦøһЩˣٻ˵վ̲סʳ֪⡣
Ҷһٻᵽ⣬¶һ˿Ц鷢ԺôҲסˡľȴ͸¶ٻֻߴ飬ⲻԸ⿴ġ
ϱЩȷʵ˵ֻ鷳Ҳ㣬̫㲻˽顣ֻҪ֪һúñ㣬ܵ˺ˡҶ˵껰һ˵ľֻЩˣںٻܲ⣬Ҳû취
ٻҶô˵ûз񶨺ߵ˵ǡһŮˣ֪ô顣
ҪˣҪңҪ֪֮󣬺ٻſ˵жҶĹ밮Ҷ⡣
ĻҶȻǴӦ˺ٻҪȻԺܾúٻ¶ΣУȴʱӦˡ
ĽҶҲƽصԺ󣬺ٻͽȥˡҶɳţŽ顣һָоʱ䲢ǺܶˡЩ֮ǰúúһ׼֮£ҵŵ鵹ԵСһ׮ѾΪǡ
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Ҷ΢΢һЦ漴˵Ҿ̫ллϸˣˣһϸԸʱ㲻Ҫƴǡ
㳶˼䣬͹˵绰ʱٻѾѷ˶ӡҶ￴ԵģŷֶӻЩˣæ˹ȥ
ϱãôáһӷʢķˣԼϲĺ⣬Ҷ϶ʱЦ˻
ٻԣһҹ˵ĳˣ˵ڲ֪ҵĹȥˡҶ·ҪԷӣٻ̲סһЦЩܰĸо
˾Ϳ԰ɣȥϴ֡һЦ󣬺ٻæĵĳҪȥץצ֡
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һͽ֮˾һᣬԻطϢȥˣϾһ֮ڷô飬˵ۣҲܲˡҶ˹˰İĴˡ
ڶԹͺ󣬺ٻҪȥϰ࣬Ҷһ黹ܶ࣬ҵŵ鲻ˣٻ˼١ٻʼȻǲͬģƾҶ̬ȣҪ۹ʡͲסҶƤĥǲĵͬˡ
ҶͿһ·ȥԶס糿绰һֱڼţΪҶʡȥһЩ鷳ҵʱӦԶԸԱķֱӰԶ鷿
ϵǺæôпԶһҶͰ뿪Ц˵绰㱨Ҷ飬ԶȻġȻƣҶ֪ģǲٶĵڶͳȥɱ˰ɡں˵ǹɱ֮ԶͳĬˡ
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ԶһʱҲ˵ʱĿⲻ˸ţƺʲô֮̾һ˵Ҷϵܣ˵䲻ĻҵĲ̫֡
ҶﱻһĪĻЩˣʱʲôһҵžܰǶԶЩ˽ģֵ֪߲СµˣȻ˵ЩһԼû̫עԭ
ϸлֱ˵ɣ⡣Ҷɻ󣬸һЩ죬ϵûֳ
Զһ죬漴ζĿһҶҶϵӦüǵҸ˵һ仰ɣԶ˸ӣָָͷ
ͷҶ̲ס˵˳ʱͻȻԶ˵һ仰ڻģֵ̫뵽仰Ҷ͸һʱҲ֪˵ʲôˡ
֪һϷԼҪٷķΧ£滹һֻ۱һֻۡҪֵ̫ˣʩ֮һЩ˵棬ͺױϡǺƽµһֻβҪúõϷѭ
ѵķԸҵţҶвĵ뵽ܿͷ뷨ԸҵڱУҶԼܾô
Ҫó㹻֤鲻֪ûϣƬ̺Ҷﵭʵźߵķ֤ݣʱƣþ̫˷ˡ
ԣԶĿһҶܿ뵽ϴζԸ飬ʱҶ˵Լó֤ݣЩˡ
ȫУֻΪ˽Ǳȫ߷ɳЩ˲ҲʲôëԶ˼Ƭ̣˵Լĵ뷨
Ҷô˵΢΢˿ѾǲеˡҶæóŪõỤݸԶ
ҵе֤һ㶼١ʡϵλǲֵġҶһЦ漴ͶԶ˼ԣҰѶˣʣµŪá
Ҷﶼ˵ˣԶȻûʲô˵ġε¼˵Ҳһǻ£ҪܽҵŵĳװγʧΪһ¡Ȼ˵Ҳܿ˿лŴ
ԶЭҶ뿪ҡĶˣںѡʲôʱ֣ͲҪעˡҶ֪ܿ콭оҪһ粨е֣ȴֻҪھС


186 
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ҶﱾǲԸģ˦ƹ񵱹ˣһ¾ͷۡϧʱ˵ˣҶҪǲܣͲܡƵĹ˾ȥ仰˵Ҷߡ֮£ҶֻܰϧʱûãյĴӦˡ
ŵʱϧʱ龹ȻſڵţһҶʹź˵ȥϧʱ
ϧʱʱڿᣬǸҶסҶȻ֪£Ϊȥϧʱİ칫ң򲻶ԣŮô£ϧ˼ѹͲܰǰšҶﱻӣȻЩҲóŮӷֻƵĸš
ܿ͵˻ңҶһţϧʱȴͷҶ֪ô飬·ѾˡֻεЦţһʲô֪Թҵӡ
Ҹҽһ£ˣҶϧʱһھͿżɽ˽Ҷϵס˿Ҷǽ
Ƕ³û뵽ôᣬǸɣ
Ϊ䣬ڴƴء

ϧʱĽܣ˿ʼȻûǰķΧϧʱȴûԼˡΰҶƳҪԭǣϧʱԼһ˹ܲ飬ҶѡһȥƵĹ˾
ҶȻˬȴûֳʲôϧʱ뷨һ۾ܿףҶҲܹš֮£ֻߵмλ
װſһ۷׷׵Ļʱ
ҺãҶŵĶ³ܸʶңҲʮָлλΪŵķʢľ޴סҶһڣ˵һѷϻȻҲԸֳϣ˵ûӪĻ治С
䣬ҵȻҶᣬЩ˵ûеִҶǶ³飬ΪǶǴ򹤵ģ˹ʸɻǣ˭ϰһ㶼ġ
ȵͣҶٶȿڣҽ֮ԳΪҪѡһ˳Ҷһ֯ԣһ˵˽Ŀġһ֮£˶Щ⶯ˡ
Ȼȥһ˾ҪʧԼŽǵȥܾȴǺϧʱͷһֱһЩջǾ޴ġ
ڳλ룬ȻҺܾͻѡεˡǰϧʱѾ͵͵߹Щ˶רģ鶼ܷḻ
һСʱ󣬻ǽˡϧʱһڰ칫ңҶû˿һƨϧʱϰϣúһӣⶼʲô˰ҵλãȴһ㶼졣
ûѡҶﵭʵЩ˶˽⣬֮£ϧʱж
ϧʱԣһ鴤ⲻԼԼǽ𣿺õĹ˲ŲңǺҪһϧʱ֪Լֵòˡ⻰ᣬҶ
ϰ壬ҪҪƸһְҵˡϧʱС˵ͬʱעҶķӦ
Ҷһ֪ôģаϧʱС̲ס٩ǲ᲻ðϧʱһһ죬С˼˲УҲ
ϰֻǾҸְҵҲӦģϾǼҹ˾ԭڣϵǲϳ⡣ϧʱûзȰҶ˵ľģŪҶֺֺЦ
ٰǸ˽ʲôţôûҶﲻ˵ȴ˸Ī⡣
һ⻰ϧʱͲˣĻ֪ҶʲôʱԼĵ֣ҪǱˣԼʹϧʱԼʯͷԼĽţȴѿĲСŶԲߣܿϧʱ뵽˰취
ʱˡϧʱװû˵ʵȴֿ˻˼Ҷˣܲǿ˼һΰɡ
ϧʱЦɫҲǺҶһ仰ˡ
ˣȥΡҪǲȥǾȥɡҶ΢΢һЦվĳšƾϧʱں˵ʲô
ζҶԼңˣҲûעһ·ĵӣ뿪š
ʱϧʱڰ칫ȴǳɵˣϵıҪԹжԹҶڸǰ϶ΪǱϳŵ
뿪˾Ҷʹ˸绰л棬Žʱ䣬ԷԸ顣ϧлϰ࣬ûճû취Ҷͷ͵Ĵ㡣һͳҲˣǿų
ϧת䣬ЩﴩŮҲһſŮҶƲѡʱѾ˷㣬ɴͿųٻŸϡ·ϻٻ˸绰úߵһᣬһһԷĽ飬ٻȻûоܾ
ϱٻڹ˾ſڣҶ̺һɤȴ˺öԱע⣬׷׿˹ҶҶЦ뿪ˣûˡ
ٻҶﶩ飬ٻʹˡϾ충ʽٻŵһЩ߲㶼ǲμ˵ġ
ôʲôٻ߹̲סһۣȻǰĶ˵ı֣ܲٻҲǷһɧ˵󣬾Ҷĸ첲
ҶٺһЦæΪϱ̫˷ˣһʱûסúٻһӣȴ۵ġ
ϱȥԷٻߣҶʵûǴĻ⸽Ӧûʲôõ㷹ţôһٻŵĲζá
ٻһۣ˵ô⣬߾ˡһǵģһС
ܿ˾һҳУ˵طٻǺΪҪҶ֪ԼҪĶ϶ᳰЦԼġֲܲ
ţҽȥһ¡˰죬ٻǾҶűȽϺãϷԼ⻰Ҷ˾Щˣúõĸﲻҽȥ
뵽Ҷ̲סٻ·ơƬ̺о֪ôˡϱǵˮѪġҶ￴źٻѾˣæһɤѵ
ٻ׼ţû뵽ҶͻȻôһ䣬㱻ˤڵء˾ͲӦôˣʵ̫
ٻϹ˺ߣͷݺݵĵһʼٸߣȻҲƵܽ˳СٻĶҶʱ޿ޣû³ȥܵϷϷˣǻɸҲͬ⡣
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Ҷ۵ģٻеĲɢȥ
ϱıɱ׷򡣡Ҷһæ˵ĵط۾סգţƺҪǿмˮٻȻһĹȡСһŤŹ˾ȥ
ϱȥĶһŶءҶ￴ٻҪȥʱˣæ˵
ٻͷҲص˵һ£ͲҶˡҶֻܸϣҶﵹǰ׵ˣٻһٻŵĲ˷ŮܲųԷҶʱ°̵ĸ߸ߵģֺ˭֪ͷˣ㱻ҶԱ񣬺ٻʱб׳
û°ɣԷĵڣٻ̲סҶҶ˵٣ٻΪʧȥˣԲдһʡ
ҶٺһЦ֪ٻ˼æοû£ԼȥˡˣٻȻϸʣʼĳŷ


187 ɭ
˳극ٻȥ˰칫Ҽϰ࣬ҶһûܵСȥˡϧСڣ˲֪ǻˣ֮£Ҷǰ̨Ůһ
Ҷ˵ͺܶˣǲİǰ̨ģСǸ죬Ҷ˼ͺĴ˿ûĸо
ҶôʣȻһ⣬ĶŮװģ˵Ƕ˭˵ģװŵ¼еŮôܵһϡҥԣǿɲܻܰܵ
УҲŲأҽĳЩһɤӣϱеȵġСȻĹǱҶ׽ݼһһ㶵ġ
ʱſڳһװĵӣҶʱȻСĵûȣ۽ǵ⻹ɨ˺ߡ˿ҶǱŵˣɫһãܿιȥµ˵ݡ
ôһֺܱŤĸоҶɻΪߵԭûпߵû˵ı仯
ǹ˾ôǰûǲġҶɻ̲סੲݵСʵ
СϲĸҶ˵ԼСõ飬ͻȻҶôԼʱЩ̧ͷ
һСﲻʹ죬Ȼкⶼʲô˰˼ôרĵĺ㽲ȴ񿴱ˡѵһ˻㲻㲻ɡ
ҶʱעȫڸոǸװϣйעС仯æָָڵȵݵװСʾСˡ
Ҷ㲻ǶҲȤɣСǸеģʱаʵҶһһʱ䲼˺ߡһŮӼҵģҪҪôţʲôҶ˸ȤлͷһҪ˻֤һҵȡ
Ҷһţŷװ߽˵ݣҲźۼĿԼһаһŮ£ҶסˣֻҪٻŵˣǾͿ϶ˡ
˲ǹ˾ˣǰûмʱСɻ˵Ϊһǰ̨˾Ȼ٣ǶЩӡģԼ϶ûм
ҶһæͷСȷȷСܿ϶ĵͷ
ǹ˾ˣִװѵ̸ģҶܸоԼ©ʲô˸ĸо˵ıŤǸ
жʱ뵽һҶ뿪λ¥ȥʱöһʣɱ֣֮¥ݣΪҪʱȣȱٵǡǡʱ䡣
ȵҶܵ¥ݣСŷӦòƳˣҪȻҶķӦôͻȻæӴ˸绰˵һ¸ղŵЩҶȻ֪ѾʼǶԲߡҪ֪ٻŵ¥Ҳʮ㣬Ҫһֱ¥ݣ½󣬿϶ٶȾȴˡ
вͣŵмͣΣȫܸˡȴҲǰٶȷӵ˼ޣ¥šȵҶڸϵ¥Ҳ˲ϴֱٻİ칫ҡ
һƿţͿ˸ոյװŶϣǶһƣͻȻֵҶû˿ı飬·㶨߻һ
ѺٻôˣһȦҲûֺٻӰȻнҶǿԼ侲ʵ
װеһЦںһںơͬʱϷʵĴҶ
˵ǸóƺΪأӦýҶװеϸĴžµĺƱƺֻǰĶ㹻Ĺע
Ҷͻһһ˲ϵҲ̥һ˾һѷĳ㣬ƺʱ̳
һ䣬Ѻٻôˣ˿Ҷ۾ΪŭͨһƬͫеɱһ֯һų⣬԰ʱɱ˵Ļǰӹƻ֮ڱ˺ƬҶﱻûж֣ʱΨ侲ܸõĽ⡣ںٻ֪û֮ǰҶǲᶯֵġ
װеһЦҶķŭ˿⣬΢̣޳Ŀ˵̫ʧˣû뵽Ȼгʱ̡
΢΢һ٣վߵ˴ǰ۾ңԶʣƺ˿Ҷڱ͵ϮԼһҶ￴ߵľٶеĺˡҽԼĺ©ˣֻֿܣһһǸ׳աһ˷ǳţʵžԵİա
ģġҶƯŮ˴᲻ֵģӦɡֻ̧𣬴ϽһɫıĤ漴ת
ףҶ̲סݺݵһ¡̫ϤˣϤϤԼһС˵ô
ɭҶﻺĿڣ۾ҫ䵽ɱ⡣ļǵã֮ԻǺźܴĹϵһսҪǽɭͺȫȫˡ
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ϧˣڵƺ̫ˡɭҡҡͷƺʱҶﲻֵһҶһ֪˵ʵְݵӣ̫ܵˣʵ»ǲɱġ
ʲôֻɣӦ֪ҺҪһ䣬ҶȻ̤ǰһ˵ƶǻص۷״̬һͷ˶ɵͻ
ʱ칫ҵͻȻ˴ƿٻӰͳſڡҶһİˣһʱ䲻ô£վ
ٻȳȥںٻϤҶﲻûͷҲ֪սţٻǲʺϴġ˵ͬʱҶҽбһ˽ɭĽ֮·
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Ǹ˼伫ƷѹִһҫĴһŮߡɭһЦһȻӡ
ҶںߵĻֱѡΡıܣǿĶֵʱֻƽܸõӦԡɭͣسԸҶȻϵ
ǸȤˣ㲻һ㶯ְɣɭһЦ漴ߵǰϵĺơڱеһЩ̰Ʒζ
82ƣȷ̫ˣҪҪҲһɭһߺžһ߳Ҷʵ
ҶʱҲǿˣɭûжֵͷҲǷ˱ͬһ֣ĻҶ˵ʮֲС
ĿģҿɲΪֻǺȾƵġҶ䵭ڣǰԷˣһΣⳡӻûһأŹ֡
ɭһЦһɫȻɡҶŵԼˣ̲סüü˵ǻ˶ûһĬС漴¾ƱҶ
ҵĿľĿģһºĽ죬һڹɽ㣬Ը㲻Ҫʧɭ˵꣬Ųſȥ
ƺŵĹͷˣҶһЦźߵӰû˿˼ϾڵûŽɭ£ߵƻˣٻȻǲʺϽ֡
Žɭ뿪ҶҲ߳˰칫ҡʱվʱŽɭ
㲻ôд˵İɣɭͷ޳ĳҶҲػֻǵ˵ͷʾⱣ·ÿ
ɭĴȺƬ̺ٶȻͷ˵Ŷҵһƺ̫ȫģǧȲһ졣ͷҲصǰȥ


188 뿪ǰ׼
Ҷû°ɣʲôˣʲôȵɢˣ߽칫ңչţٻʳһ⡣
Ҷԣ΢΢һЦ漴ߵ㷢ʾû¡ûѡشٻ⣬Ȳ˵Щ鲻ܸߺٻǸߵĺٻҲֻͽնѡ
ǲǺʲôԼҶʲôû˵ֱúٻ²⵽ʲôҶû뵽Ѿͷ˼Ȼô֮£ֻܽһºԼ˵˳
ҶٻʱæƺҪȰ˵߲ҪȥֻûǶ˵ĺ촽ͱһŴסԴǶʱص
һʽǹҶδ촽ƺڻζķŵĸоٻһǰ۹ⶼʲôأ˼ż˵£һлռˡ
һᴦõģģҲµġҶŵ˵֪ǳڶԺٻĹĻǳǹĽһúõĻȥ
ٻ̾˿ȥѾҲûٳֻĿʹ˼ѵõᡣںٻľٶҶȻܾǽߵĽ뻳УЩ̰ĺźٻ㷢ɢ㡣
ԼһԺ󣬺ٻ΢ѳҶӵͷܵ˰칫ǰ£ʱһƬңжҶĵģжвľᣬŨŨɬ
ϱôռұˡҶһЦŽСŮһĺٻ̲סЦٻһ⻰ϵĺθˣȴǳûзߵĻ
ϱҿҪ뿪һʱˡҶɫһ׵˵ڸոѾǹˣҪһºսʤɭôͱҸʵĵطָԼʵֻﻹǺܾᣬΪ뿪ˣζźٻİȫ޷ϡҶﲻԸ⿴ģǳڱģԴڶԺԡٻİȫ˵һУԼ
ٻԣһ˿įҶĳִƽ鷳ʶҶڸǰ˵ȴޱǿˡڣҪԼҪ뿪һʱ䡣Ȼٻ֪Ҷ϶ٴλģĻǲƵЩ᲻ãЩˡ
ʲôʱߣٻվû˿飬˵ƺǻصǸŮǿ
Ҷ¶һ˿΢ЦﲻЩοٻڱŷԼõͻȻ뵽һ仰˷򸴺
뿪ɡ뵽Լʱ䲻ǺܶˣҶȻô뿪Ҳֻô
ٻԣһЦƺҶﲻߣѾˡ˵һҶ뿪˺ٻİ칫ҡ뿪֮ǰҶﻹһЩҪߵĲġ
һ·ˡĥ¥ưɣҶҲûαװŮɱִк¥Сķ䡣ǰСһ£ǾǱٻİȫȻһɱٻЩ֣СҶΨһ뵽ѡѺٻİȫˣġ
ϴôˡҶһ߽ȥСվк
Ϊʱ⣬ҶȻɣֱ˵Ҫ󡣶ҶİţСЩΪԸΪһɱ֣ȥ䵱ڣûĵġ
ϴֻɱˣûԹȥһ˰ⲻΪ𣿡Сɫʱȿ޻ѿҶԼȥˣδޣѹʵ̫ˡҪǺٻͷиʧСһΣҲֲ
Ҷһ䣬ЩƵĿСʱСһæվмֵü˳۵ӡ
ң㵽вУҲڿЦСеŭ̲סսƽʱСôҶˣʹ£ڹеη塣
ϴҴӦ㣬ֻҪһţɩӾͲһͷĳһ̣Сһ̧ͷ˵īī֮ͫУƺĶʵʵ
Ҷ˵ͷǽܵСĻ
ϣһʱ򿴵ˣʬ塣Ҷ֣س漴˿ּطҹ˰ɣȥٻϰ࣬һᰲźõġ˵ŻҶСļתȥ
뿪ĥ¥֮ҶֻһٻţûȥҺٻǿʼ¥Ѳһ飬ûʲô󣬲ŷڼҶȴǷ˼ǣΪСһЩȥһ˱ңֵˣһҪЩͷתϡ
һæµ֮£Ҷ˿ʱ䣬аСʱ°ࡣҶ˳Զ˸绰ԼҪ뿪˵һ飬ԭҶûж˵
ϾҪԷҵŶˣʱҶ뿪ԶǺܲԸġôţҲǸǣôϾҪˣȴҪ·ԶҶ̬ȼҲû˵ʲôϾҶѾҵ˳֤ݣòҲ𲻵ʲôˡ
˵绰ԺҶٶȲͨлĵ绰ǺͺҪ޾ĺģǰ˼Ҷ֪ʻָʵĵطǾӪ޾ھеͷβͣټ޼ҵӰԼȥӦòʲô⡣
лȻ֪ҶҪʲôŮȻûаʲôûʣͰ޾ĵ绰Ҷ⵹ʡҶڽˡ
ιλ绰սͨʹ޾װҶæֻÿһЩһǵģ˵ôԼֲ
޾ҶҶи࣬ȴ
޾û뵽Ҷĵ绰ʱȻʶʱ䲻޾ǺϲҶӵġֱҶֵһ
СôҴ绰ˣҪҳԷҪߣɷɡе仰뱾У޾һھ뵽˳ϣ˵˿ŤҶ΢΢һЦĵһﵹǸֱӣԸθڡ
㵹ǲ¶ˣҪҪǺ뵽Լ飬绰ò˵Ҷɴ˳¿롣޾Ȼûоֱܾ˵粻ɡ
Ԥʱص֮Ҷ͹˵绰ֺͺٻ˵һԼ£һ˻ؼҡٻȻ⣬Ҳ֪Ҷ˳뿪ǰ׼Ҳû˵ʲô
һ·ԤĵطҶ﷢޾ѾſڵԼˡѳͣã޾˼䣬˾һ߽˷ꡣ˵˲ͣΪųûơ
ҶӦҰɣ²ã޾Ϳ˵޾ȻֵģһǴӡʵ˼Ǻϸġǰ˵ҪҶԷֻһ˵ǶѡҪоҶԼ¡ΪĽύҶ޾ȻԼţǺǡΪҶΡ
Ҷԣ΢΢һЦ㵹ǺôͲ³㣬ҿʲôû˵
޾һ֪ҶڿЦæӦ͵Ǹ£ٷѳˡϲԺҪֺ£һҪҡ޾һ˵һ߹ЦҶһӡͷԼ


189 ѵӪ
˵ЦһᣬҶɫһ޾֪ҶҪ˵ˣȻҲ
ȷʵæܼҶԼֻһµʱ䣬вЩʱ䲻õĸоҪ޾ܰϣ̡һһĳɹҶ仰Ųɡ
޾ԣüͷźۼһ塣Ϊǲ̫飬Ҷ˵ܼЩˡΪҪ뿪Ӫȥطμһܵѵ
˵˵ɣʵ£ֻҪܰϵģԲƴǡ޾һ£Ϳ˵
ҶһůԼȻûԷ漴Ϳ˵ŪӪҪһָʵ
Ҫӣ޾һһǲסгʱŷֳϲԣæ˼һֵĿҶƺҶ￪Ц
һһһէԸҶϰˣȻ˵ʲô޾Լ˼ûвξ뷨뵽ҶﵭһЦٶȿڣֻҪһµʱ䣬ҿɲξ
޾һüʱƾҶӦòѰɣôԼˡ
ҶҪҪ˵˵ݡ޾һЦڨڨʵеĺ滹ռϷ硣Ҷĸоʮ⣬Ȼͨ˲쵽ʲô޾Ǿˣ˵˺͹ӶЩƵġϴξע⵽Ҷ·ʱÿһľ붼ȫͬģ˶һֻȻɵĸоƺκ˶ܴκνǶ͵Ϯָо޾뵽иɻ
ϴ˵һμ棬޾Ȼɻ󣬵ǲ˼ϸʣҶͻȻҪӣͲܲˣҶҪǸʲôģҶŪȥǾǴΣҲǴһЩԵ˼صǿ̽ġ
Ҫ֪ҶԵЦЩϷʵĿ޾֪޾ôһʣڹȻˡ
޾¾ˣǲʲУòҶ˼ƺǻ鷳ϿʼҶ￴ôᣬҲû˵Էθڵ˼ˡ
ʱҶﻺָָ֣ȭȻ󻺻ſγһơ
벻֪Ҷﵭڣһ亹޾˵
޾һǰѹеļæҡͷʾԼ֪ˡ
û뵽ҶﾹȻǰȻҶЩ²⣬û뵽ҶǶһǸ̬ȻܻߴֵطԼǲҪ֪ĺã϶û¡
ҶôֱӵĸԼݣҲ֤˶ԷŵĹԼҸôأ޾ҶҪӵ顣
Ӧǲȥͨĵطɣ޾һڲ裬ȻʻϵıȴƶҶԲźۼĵ˵ͷĬ޾˵
ҪֳѵûҪ޾ˡѵûãָʵˡ
ȵȣҺú롣޾תʼ˼ʲôطʺҶˣϧ֪ĵطòƶҶҪѵ
һͷͻȻð޾ĿʼԼҪȥѵҪܰҶҲŽȥǾٺòˡҪǺҶһҲܽӴߵֶΡ
Ҷҵ뵽һȥǲ֪ܲС˼޾Ȼţæ˵˳
Ҷһʱ£Ҫҵһʵĵطٺòˣ޾Ȼô˵϶ǱȽرġ
˸˵ˣҪȥһطμѵ϶θڡ޾һЦЩĿҶμӵѵϸ񣬾ҶҲһӦԡǺԱԼܿЦˡ
ŶҺһ𣿡Ҷ΢΢һЦֱӺ޾񣬸Ȥʵ
ţصҲܸ㣬Ӧ֪صġֻҪȥҲ̫ףҪҰֳ档޾֣ص˵ûö֮ǰҶ͸¶ǲܵġѵˣҲ͸¶ʲô
Ҷ룬һһ֣صӣӦòЦ뵽Լֻһʱ䣬Щˡȥˣؼʱ̫̣Լȥ
һ೤ʱ䣿Ҷȴã˵Ҳ漰Э顣
޾룬˵21졣
Ҷ֣ܵ¶һ˿ܿͱ˹ȥ˵21һ֣;һһΪڶʮһѵνĶʮһѵʵʾѵμѵ˶ҪǩһЭ飬ֻǻʲôʱҲѵˣǰôû˵
УȥɣȰҰʸŪһºľҶҲ˾޴ľġһжѺξϡʧܲ
Ҷô˵޾а˴ĴָܿʹӦ
˵ֿ꣬ʼЩһķͶʱͶˣһζȻʳָ󶯣ûŮڵ£ҲҪעνһ˲ͻɶǣʳķԱŮһһ㶵ġ
ʱԱŮѾʼ²ǲǼûԷˣԸ͡ڿ˵ĴŴ磬Ƿе뷨ΪҶ˵ţʵˡ
ϧûоƣȻӾˡ޾һŷһߺ첻˵
ҶһеǺͬ˵һ£òԼһҲӰ쿪ٿ޾һҲ޾Ʋ
ҿǻҪƿˡ˵һҶתҪŷԱҪƣȴ޾æסˡ
ǧ𡣲Ȼҽͻز˼ˣҼͷҺȾƣһȾƾҡ޾һ˼˵еλЩԼôˣСһԼ˵ĶȾԼΪʲôôߡ
Ҷһ޾ĻʱЦû뵽ͷȻôԼͷ⵹Щ⡣
˳극󣬾ЪϢһȻ˸Կųֿˡһ㶨ҶҲЩˣֱӿųߡô˵Ҳһ죬˵ʲôҲҪͺٻúһ¡ȻЩԼģںٻԸԸ⣬Ǿˡ
źҶҪһɤӣȴֿûкٻʱﴫҶһ£͵͵˳ſڡĺٻæţȴûע⵽Ҷ
ٻϴſɵ³ȹϰһΧȹм־ӼζѵôͺٻҶȻҪѡһҶԸںٻߵһСմһΪš
ʲôʱģҲʱٻſڹĳˣû˵
͵֣ҶƤҲΣʱٺһЦѵϱոջкͷˡ
ٻһۣŲһĹ漴˵ӦûԷɣϾͺˣȥϴ֡˵꺮ٻͼæȥˡ
Ҷһ⻰˶ˡԼǸոպ޾һһӲˣء˵ͷֺٻ˲ٲˣȻǸҲˡ
ô찡ҶЩѵߺٻԼԹˡɲУٻ˼϶ΪԼһӺ÷ҪúһµģԼҪƻЩŭԹˡԼԲ˰ԣĶҲ
ôվţǲǶˣȥȻԷٻһĿŻɵɵվŵĳˣͬʱв
ҶоᣬΪ˲úٻʲôӦһ˷䡣Լ̰죬޾ǼһȻԼҲԳŲǡ
ôأҶﷴ˼šȻǸС飬ƽֻҪ˵ԼԹ˾ûˡǽЩ⣬治ùٻһ⡣
û뵽취Ҷֻܴͷɥϴ֡һ飬ֻܱˮˡ


190 ϱҸ㰴Ħ
ѽɵվʲôٻһվڲԱҶ˵ҲǵģôͻȻ֮ˣѵ˼˲ɡ
Ҷ㲻ٺһЦȻಽߵǰʱѾ˷ʢķˣҶ﷢ôණʱôණҪǻƽʱܳ꣬ǽ죬ЩҪǳȥ˲Ҫ
ϱôô෹ˣֲǹ֮ģ˷ѵġҶС˵˵֮ͰıԼòԼƽʱԵģŷԼܳˡ
ٻ΢΢һЦȴû˵ʲôǽҶʢ׷˹ҶһǶ㲻ˣֻܿ롣пʼԼĶӣǧҪסҪ¶˾Ͳˡ
ôˣǲǲó԰ٻҶųԵһڣͿʼüΪǷ˳⣬æʵ
Ҷһ֪ٻˣ¶ѿЦݣæҡͷʾû⡣ٻҶ̲סҶǰԵĲ˳һ¡԰ôһƵӡ
ǲǶӲٻЩǵʵҶһʱµĸжᡣ֪ʵǶӲⶼԱˣٳȻ˵ȴҳǼˣ˵ʲôҲܵӰ
Ϊ˾ٳԣҶֻżеӡϲԵĺֻ۰Ͱ͵ĿţҶӡܿͽһ׷ʱѾʼˡ
ϱҳԱˡҶĶӣһ˵ʵװģΪٲһ£Ҫѱˡ
ٻһĿҶһۡôˡԴӻ͸оֵֹģ˲Ͼ͸ˣѵʲôԼ
뵽ﺮٻҲ˿ӣĶŻϷҶǲʲôңٻѾЩ죬ƺѾƶҶʲô
ϱ˵ʲôأôƭ㣬㿴ⲻǺúõġҶавãϱҪԼ϶ûӹˡæװһɻӣٻʵ
ٻһۣʵЩ졣֪ҶҪ뿪ˣвٸɫԺܿͻָЦݡֻһ仰ȴҶ׸֮С
û¾Ͷһ㣬ҿɸ㰡ӲרŸģҪǳԲ꣬ͱ˵Żٻ¶һ˿СƻƺвҶһ
Ҷһһʱ˶ˡô°ô˵˵ȥת˻ⲻǴ˵еּɣŻͺٻĥһû뵽εľ֮С
һǳ˰ɣҶ˼ǰ󡣾ԼʵǲٳˣҪȻ϶֮£ò˵ͷߣҶ뵽˵Լ˻ܵõٻԭ¡о仰̹״ӿܴһġ
ϱʵһǰѾԹˣҳԵĺܱҶС˵һ˫۾ǽĶźٻķӦºٻһ꼰㡣
ٻһӦȴǺƽƺҶĻ˿ûĲ졣ǺһȻԹˣΪʲôǿֳһ룿
Թˣôֳһ룿ٻɻʵ
Ҷٻûһжʱ֪ԼˣҲһٻôʣæֺõĵⲻķǶӵĿռޣûܰ˵¶һ˵ı飬Ҫһ˻ᱻɻءϷȫףҶᡣ
ҶĻٻѡֱεˡ˶˵˸еĸ֣ҶȻվڽ˵ˡ
˵˻ҶΪԼжŮܲõʱ򣬺ٻ䲻һ䣬仰ֱӺһʱ䲼˺ߡѾͷҲ̫˰ɣôͲ˻ˡҲС˵ҪҪôûİѵһλˣֱ̫ˡ
ϱ˵滰ҶԼؿڣ·˵ĵģǿĶءٻһԺ죬󲻹һģԼͷԷˡ
ڸ㶨ˣԼѵı½ˡҸʱһҪһ²УҶﰵȴ뵽Ϊٻ˽ˣ˵Ĺ߸š
ٻķͦٵģԺܿͳˡϻķ֮ʣ̲סݺݵĵһһû˵ĳˡҪһôʣôࡣ
ҶȻĺٻҲЩ˼ӦڳԷʱٻ绰ģϧһ˳ԱȫҲӣȻǺ¡
ϱҪˡҶ˵ǳŵɷӽһٻԣһ˿įܿͱιȥˡ
ʲôʱٻԲ̫ߣ˵ҲЩҶ￴в΢΢һʹ漴ЩůҶ￴ֻȥһƽ飬Ȼ鱾ƽǰߣȻڣ˺ٻĴڣƺҲЩִ顣
ܵʱ䣬ҾͻٴλҶĬƬ̣û˵İţֻ˵ԺͻҪǺٻ֪ȥμѵôԻڼԲ˯õġ
ֻܵʱ䣬ٻ΢΢ͷ漴վʼʰϵӺꡣҶﱾæģϧ°ﵹæԾվߵɳ
ϱ۲ۣҰ㰴ĦĦɡٻ߹Ҷæڵ˵ıô¡ٻһۣҲ˵ҶһӦĬˣʱںٻǸֱۣӾͺˡ
ʲôҶͻȻվԼټһı飬ٻæʵ
һﲻǿǿô죬ܾػǲܾԼѾˣҪȻ͸ɡУһ̫ˣ˵ʲôҲô׵õȻ϶ϧԼٻӶϹŴôӦԡϵҲǺͮͮһƬģĳ˸ǾͲˮˡ
ٺ٣ֻ㰴ĦĦϱʲôأƾҶķʷʱҪǿٻھʲôôͰ׻ˡֻռռˣ֮ġһû鷳֮ǰǲȥеġ
ҶȻΪǸ׼ĴɫǣﻹŵߵġûȫȷԼܸٻҸ֮ǰǲܰѺٻԼ˵ġһʱԼһСĹˣٻҲĺܳʱ䲻ǡ
ٻһֻҪĦ΢΢˿Լôô࣬ѵѾ׼𣿲ҲܹϹ밡Թһһ˭ķ롣ٻǿԼ˸˵ԼֻʵʲôֻԼ
Ҷٻ£һֲֻźۼ§ס˺ߵϸٻܵĿһ£һƵĿԼٻֻһĬҶĶ
ˣ治װҶдйͻȻҸߴĵƣмˣٵ΢СĿܣķӦξ˵˶ҶĥġڴﵽеĿ꣬ôܲ
ϱ°ɣҰ㰴ĦҶﾡԼԵһЩǲͲٻĵˡ
ٻСзһ̣Ǻƻһ㡣漴һξĽģ


191 
źٻͥ£ҶĸǻӦȲŶԡоĿڴһŻڲͣԼǣҪνĵߣƺܿͻȥˡ
Ҷ֪ʱ治¡ǿĵĳ嶯һֻķںߵϣ᲻صİĦ
ٻϴǿɵȹΪڼȹӲر𳤣ֻǿסϥϵķ⣬СȲλİ𪼡˿ȫ¶ҶС
һʱ㲿ĦҶѵ˿ڿˮѾ̫ˣƺֻиһ᲻ỹͷͲ֪ˡ
ָϻܿԽ˽㣬ϱƶȥһϸ˿ĸоҶָ˺ٻСȡΪƽʱעرģԺٻСû˿׸⣬һѵý¸СҶ̰ĸһͿʼĦѨλһӣúٻŵĺҲƽ
һǲתˣ水Ħٻ¶뷨Ҷıȷʵƽʱ̫һˡܿͷ뷨ΪܸоҶ˫֣֪ʱѾϥϣһƶơ
һǽɽ׸ıƣôͱ¶ٻһЦܿ͸оҶﰮо壬ҲƵ΢Ť
Ҷ￴ٻķӦеԡʢˡһָֻȹӵ¿ʼһһµ͵͵ƣΪյԵʣٻĴȴЩʪĸоӦǳ˺ҶںߵĴȲλתһᣬվûȥƬءΪ뿪˳
ҶĶúٻһɵͬʱҲЩʧȻЩκͺߣȴǵȷڵġ
ϱҰ㰴ĦһͷɡҶƽһеļɬ촽ӲԴɳƵ˵˵껰ҲߵķӦһѱ˺ٻѺٻһΪһͻȻԴء
ҶｫٻڻУȻʼװģĽԼַ˺ߵͷϣ۾ȴǲƵĿĳ
㿴ʲôأٻɫһ죬˵ֱ̫ĿŵˣҪĦרİĦﶢ˼ؿڿͣͷ£ϿȥҲ̫Ǹɶ˰ɡ
С˼˷֣Ҷһ졣ε̧ͷʼİĦҵһʱ֮һ־Ϳʼ»˺ٻ񾱴ٶָļѵļҶеԡٶͣʱҲҪմһ
˳ż粿һ·»Ҷ׾ٵͻ谭Żм˵ıȥںٻʱѾЩԣС΢΢źϣ֮籡ҶϡҶʱĴ·㣬ĳһ̣ƺʲôͻƣҶҲǶ˵ĺ촽
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̫ͻȻٻһʱЩӦˡܿͷֵֻİ»ɽ֮צһƿ˺ߣֵǰ
ϱȥ߰ɡҶﴭŴеԡƺʱҪӿٻһţҶ˼ʲôתܿ뵽ʲô΢΢ı۾ƺĬ˺ߵΪ
ҶһԼӿࡣڱͱߵĽŷ첽ȥ
һ뷿䣬ҶͰѺٻڴϣԼҲѹȥһʱ䣬ٶĴشϢͬʱеľҲǴɫޱߡ
ҶѾʼĽߵȹ룬ƺʱͻһ㡣
ҶǸҶҪһƬʥصʱ򣬺ٻĵͬʱٻǽεϣһ˿
ҶֻоԴһеԡҲ糱ˮȥʲôҶ׼ˣȻ顣
С椣ʵǲǹġҶ˿ڿˮоһЩЩĵ˵ٻһЦһԱ񣬲֪Ϊʲôرгɾ͸С
СѾͷ㻹ǹİķӦҶϵĺ߶ʱҲ̫۸˰ɣϵĺ
ٻһ΢̣ܿ˵ͷģҶﻹǷ
ԼûӣôԹңʱһȥ˳ءС΢΢һƲٻ¶ƻɫʣΪԼʵǲ˱ʱģˡ
Ҷи̾Լ˲磬Ѿͷ϶ǳ׼Լôôһģõ֤
ϱôɲ㰡ҶٺһЦͷ˵ʲҲҪⳡһҪȻ̫ˡ
ٻһʱŶЦ˿ûע⵽ǴйĴ漴̣¶һ֪˵ı顣ҶһѾͷȻƣʱˡ
СѾͷôʰ㣬Ҷаٶȥڵĺٻѹ¡Ϊǰٻһ㱻ҶԵʣʱǰûһ˿ڹʱҶ޺ġ
жͯ˵ĻٴݣֻȷʵҵࡣٻͣķţҶĶ֣ʱû˷ʼںٻЩǰҶˣϧҶģܹ˵ĸܡ
֮ҶδͣȻǰٻϷŪˣôԼ׬ٿٻæӸϣһԹʮСŮ
СѾͷ㻹ҲϷŪˣ֪ҵ˰ɡҶƵĿһۺٻȻ˵Ūúٻһ뵽ǰòԼͷû˵ʲôǲ˼İͷƳһߣٿĳˡ
ȻҶռ˱ˣǺٻһڶûС˵ٻͺ߷ʲôҶҪ뿪ˣںµ롣
ദôʱ䣬ҶıǺġ֪һºľ϶ǸҶ޴ѹҪȻҶﲻѡ뿪ԼȥġҶֱͺ£ҪȥָʵôԶ׼ҶδҪ鲢򵥣Σա
ȻҶ˵赭дϸһֱɡıȴֹ˺ٻ˼롣˼ǰ;ҶһĻ䣬΢һЩ
ϱô˵ٻشԼĻҶΪˣæʵ˵Żٻ
ٻ飬ǰȻǲɱҶҶԴ˼ǽͷת˹ֻ˫ˮ۾ҶһĲ
δһ̣Ի˵ҲĿҶﲻ֪ǣڲúǰδеΣ˫޾˼ӡȻЩǺ󻰣Ҳᡣ
ϱôˣΪеҶڨڨʵ
ٻյҶһ䣬һǰ׳գͲܳĬһ°һ㶼ûȤȻҶȴ˼˵Ѿչ׵ĵزǺٻɬȴһֱڵġ
û°ⲻǺúõġٻûµ˵ʼЩҵܿ죬̲סʼٸߵĳһۣΪڵһ
ٻһۣҶЩĪѾͷԸҲ̫˰ɣһһǷḻ
أٻջָɫһ죬СʵҶע⵽СŮ˵ģиϨ˵ĻҸȼơ
УѾͷ뿪Ǹġ
ҶţװģİﺮٻȻźٻע⣬һͻɽٶȰѺ˵£ϸЦͣ


192 
Ҷˣʱ䲻ˡٴα˵ٻƵļӿ࣬뵽ʱ䲻ˣæüͷ˵
Ҷһ֪Ϸʱ˷ҪܰѺǼֱ̫ˣȻɶռռ˻ǿԵģٲҲ§żͬ
ϱϢ£һᶯֶŵģġβ¶Ҷȴ˿ûв˼һֻƺǷһ
ٻһߺһƬһҲֱ̫˰ɣ⻹ûˣô˯һҪܾ־òƺܲȻԼеԿҶˣԼҪǲᣬ᲻ѹٻֿʼ˼룬Ҫ˯һһ϶ҪԼȻҶıֵ֤ΣһǰΪٻֱӺķϻ
ٻܿ뵽ĸղŵһĻЩ岻ϾոճһòܷĶˣѵԿ
˵еŮΪ㣬仰ʱںٻӦˡΪһеŮǿˣʱйԥٻûӦĳɳܵɫ޳ܵΪǺĬˡ
һ͵űæ£˱ٻʱоԼܾòƶˣ֮£ֻԱƣƺҪһﱣְȫһ
ҶʱôʵʵĴţܿͿȥŽźߵıպܿЩѰζ
ҶٻһĿҶҪҵ֣ݺݵĵһۡϧһƤ֮ͳ˺ٻķΧ˷ճɹĴǻļ
ٻֹˣҲû취ֻкڣһռ˵ģҪȻҲ䵽
ϱ·˰ɣ·˯϶ҶһɫƺȫΪ˺һ㣬ǵûеļһӡ
Ҫϴˡٻ뵽ûϴС˵ƿҶȻֹߵĶֻһźٻĽ
ܲ񣬺ٻҲƵܽϴּ䣬Ȼ󳤳˿쵰̫ˣһ㶼Ϊ˼ҿǡ뵽ҶһֱռԼˣٻв˵
ܿϴּ৵ˮҶ֪ٻʼϴˡĶЩƮƮ޲ԼҲȥϴһ¡
ʱ绰ͻȻ𣬴Ҷ˼һ˭ʱ䣬֪ϴҶæ
ȻˬҶﻹ˵绰ʾ޾оȻˡ
ѵǸ㶨ˣСӰô졣ɻҶ˵绰˵޾ô˴绰ʲô鰡Ҷֱƺ̫ãװƵĿʲô顣
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˲£ҶȻ˼ϣæʼϣֱԼڵ绰
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⣬ʱصҰɣֱӹȥҶһ˵С黹ǲ鷳޾ˣϾ߰ԼĴ鷳鵹ǲҪ
޾Ҷô˵ʱ뵽еĹ涨ٶȿ˵סַңϰ˵룬ȥ㡣ǸطûҴţȥġ޾Ȼô˵ȴ֪Լ˸СţҶһ˽ȥܰѵַйȥ
Ҷô˵ҲֵСи˾ãǾ̫˷ˡţϾĴӦ
Ҷѣе⣬Ǻú׼һ¡ʱ޾ָɬ˵˰컹ǾҶΪͨ׵ƶϣѵƺЩͬѰֻ޾֪Ҷܼ֮ҲΪԭ
޾֪Լ绰ͬʱ¥ϵĸ˫üƺΪ顣
ܲ˵һôⷨôһ˵Ҳ֪ô׼Ҷ޾ô˵пʼɻνĿӦþݱĵ֮ģЩҶʾѹΪϣ֯ھܵ죬ûȨġ
ֻܸ㣬ο죬ֻݣҪʵ޾ĬƬ̣̾˿˵ôҶﶼԼѣȨ֪ЩϡͿıԼԨ
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ʵĿ죿Ҷɫһƺѵе޾֪ĺҲǺ
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޾һ۸ףЩԼԼѾôˣ͵˳ȥµͣһ춼Ըܡ
һҪμӣԲ޾ֱɵ˵ǵһڸ׵ǰ¶һѸոճϵ㣬âէ֡
һԼĶӣһ˿ײͣȴܿ챻֮ĵû
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޼ҷһУҶȻǲʱҲ˼֮УüͷеĹâòֹ֮̾˿ЩԳЦЦ
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ϱǹջҵİɣҶЦһͱס˼˵Ľһ˲䣬ٻɵ壬͵ؽӲһЩ
ٻƺҪúҶҲġڣٻܿٶȷ漴󵨵תҶｫԼȫչ˳
ȻűӵҶﻹ͸϶ǿƼƷ񣬱źθǳֳһSˡǰ͹̣ǰıһİ£ջ֮ɡ£һȣ˼
Ҷݺݵ˿ڿˮĺٻһЦûΡסߵ˸еҲǼڶȥ
ϱԹڼңһˣһ㡣Ҷװݺݵӣ˵ѡֻ˫峺ӣȴû˿Ҫ˵ʲôĻӦþǳŵ˰ɡ
ٻ۾Ƕںڲ׵ͫףвȻĵͷúٻЩ죬һôסԼЩһĸо
ʱ仺ţҶֻӵźٻûʲô顣ٻʱҲ֪ʲôȻЩʧ䣬оҶƺԡ


193 Թ
峿ĵһ⻺͸ںɫľʵذϡҹķƺͻȻ˻㣬۲ɼķǳ˯ǣ׷׻Ծ
Ҷ˯ӣ촽΢Ż³һǱ̼۾̲ס΢΢УʱŻע⵽Сèһŵˣһ˿Цϻ
ٻʱ˯εУ˯ߴʹࡣҶﲻСƶʱü΢΢һ򭣬漴ʹߵĻＷ˼ֱٶҵǸůĸоϲٶƽ
Ϊҹ˵һ§һ˯Եʣ˶в̫ƽ˯ȻЩ١ҲֱӵһϰߵĶһ˯
ҶùͷϷŵֻʱѾǰ˵ˡ뵽޾˵ǰ˵ԼѾ·˰ɡ
ӦˣҶаеļһҸ˯࣬ЩѵôҶ˼һºܿͷͷ᲻óѺߵΣΪԹҶﱾܵĲϲָĸо
ҶĽֱ۴ӺٻĲ˳ȻС͵һŵ˴ΪٻᱻѣϧҶվˡ
ҶôˣٻЩԺʵһ´ӣҲûע⵽£Ǵ
ˣѾͷУܷ֡
ϱ˰Ҫȥϲû˯һɡҶæ˸СţҪú֪Ҫ뿪ٻ϶
ٻô˵Ҳûж롣Դڱ˯ô˯ţٻв뵽顣ȻҶͦʵģûжֶռԼˡδ£ǵһκһ̹ԣɼ˶ľġΪԵʹӦҶͬߵڷӦȴǺߵ
ϱôɫô죬ǲˡϴּתһţҶٶ߳ڱĺٻһʱĴѸٵſ˱ӡٻɫͮͮķ·ʱγˮҶ֪ܲʲô̲סڵϷ
ٻ˸ۣƺһͷǰĺΰСһᣬ֪ʲôԭô˵ߣٻĺҲǼӿࡣ
ϱûҪ˵ĻǾͿԡٺٺ١ٻӣҶҲòУȻʲôϵϷһ»ǿԵġңҶ﷢ԼԽԽϲٻѵˡ
ݣ쵰ٻּæһͺˣԼôˣ˵鶼ó˵£Ҳ̫˰ɡҪļһҪô
ٻΪԼʧŽڣȴҶûʱɻİͷ̧ӭȴһڷŴ󲻴ӦСٴαĳ˶ס
ءٻæҶƺûʪǵĴ㣬ܿƿ˶Է
ϱ˼Ҷ˵һ֮ڳҾӵҲҪ㣬㿴ҪھԡٻƿҶʪ촽˵
ٻһ⻰֪ܲһָʲôϷƬϼ漴å
ҶЦڼ˵Ȼ˴ʼ·һƤ治һĺ񣬾ûһúٻ̲סĥĥƺгȥҧһڵĳ嶯
ϱһҪˡ·ҶıЦ˵Ȼע˸еģҶķʽ˵ܻ嵭һЩ
ٻһϵįҶĻرܣҲҲûε˼Ҷ֪飬˵ĸٽһٻûҪʲôѹҲãҲգİ˶ĶҪ
ٻʼ·ߵԸִ·ĶȻû˿رҶ˼·ٻ˴վҶǰ
ʱĽż΢΢𣬺촽ӡҶաֻ뿪ڷͷһͻأûһԵʮȻ
ȥͣʰɡٻ˵ܳ˷䡣ոյǸ˺ܴĲžģ˵ѳ̶治һĸߡ
ҶԭأðŷӦ˹̲סոձٻʹĵطеĹʿʼٱжŨŨ顣Ҳһ֮˵һǣһԶָܷ
¶һ˿Ц⣬Ҷ߽ϴּ䡣Ȼû¶ʲôƺʱԾĲȴ¶ʵ뷨
ʮԺҶڳſڡٻתҪ˵ʲôȴǱʲôһ͸ŵԲԲģƺȥһ
ϱǲǺܿᡣҶһֻ첲ſϣһֻժϵīʵٻεûټĵ˵ͷ
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ٻô˵ҶʲộôӢ޵еԣộһ·Ϊһ¼ӣ
϶˵ٻˣĺúÿҶһĲģƺٻ˵ÿͲ
ٻһۣһ￪Цô棬һϳԡ뵽Ըܹţһתæһ˵ĳˣֱӺˡ
һĹ򣬺ٻͽ׼ˡԵĶҶҲûЦˣǸæ˳Ѿ˵ˣĻ޾Ͼ͵ˡҪ޾ԼͣҶＴʹƤҲ᲻˼ġ
ٻԵĽζĳˣһ˿ᡣŮԵ츳İϲԼĶ˵ǺҸһˡ
ԣҭˡٻ΢Цѵֵһţ̹һҲǵģô˳ԷһȻô룬Ҷһĳ࣬ô
ϱô԰Ҷһ߽ʳһߺ첻ʵ
ٻ΢΢һЦҲ˵ƺҪҶԷҶȻô¡ʹһůҶҲƣͷһͳԡ
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ʮԺҶĵ绰Ҷһֻʱ޾ĵ绰Ͻ
ҵˣɡ޾Ļֱܼ̣ϧĵزҶһӦһ͹˵绰
ϱҪˡҶվͳ˵ٻһһЦεû˸УЩá
ǵûעⰲȫ
ҶٻߣһᡣһºߵĶͷת첽뿪ſͣ˵һСȥ㣬Ḻʱİȫʱӳɣ鷳˵껰ҶͿ˳ȥ
ǡŹŵٻϵνһ¾ʧ˸ɾҲֻԼ֪ΪЦźҶ˶־˸еĶ


194 
ҶߡҶһžͿԶں޾Լ֣æ˹ȥ
Ҷ߹ȥʻţһƨ˽ȥЦ˵Сӵͦ׼ʱģΪء
޾һʱԼ׼ʱҿһʱ㲻ǷŲ¼ĽްɣҪҪٸʱ䡣˵껰һĿҶе˼ֻҪ˶ס
Ҷ˵ǸԼʱ䣬㷢ʲô˼ôװƣĲ±𣿳ܿ뿪˱ŽгʻȥԶ˽
ȥҶɻʵΪȥפأڿô¡ԣ޾Ҳû˵ȥĶֻ˵˵ط֪ˡ
޾˵ҶȻʲô˼漰ԭ޾ϸ˵ɡҲʣֻƫͷ;ɽ
Ҷľһȥ뵽츸׵ķӦ޾ЩǵĿڣǵԼİȫǲҶˡϾεѵֱͬ϶ѵô򵥡
Ҷһȵ뷨ȷʵõӡ֤ԸҲûҪȥΪ㹻ȥӦΣաԵڳǲᷢΣյġ
˵ϻˣӦҵı԰ɡҶﵭĿڣȻųɽƺ޾Ļıеľ
޾һ漴˵ҶҰ㵱Ѳź˵ģӦҲµˣεѵпǸӣҪӦʲôҲ֪ܿ϶һΣա˵ϣ޾ҲǾһѵְ
Ҷ޾˼°ԼΣյľءѾǲıģ˵ҶԸִΪãͬ޾Ҫȥģûߣ϶޾ѣҪȥӲ
Ļͱ˵ˣúÿɡûʲôǲܵġҶﵭĻȴǧ޾ֳĸо漴ͨһУ˶о˳ࡣ
ԼһСʱԺ󣬾ɫĺһСɽǰͣ
طˣȥˡ޾˵һϵַŵʧӰˣȡ֮ľеϽһ˿ҶȻע⵽޾ͻȻı仯ûκβ졣ΪԼϵҲǱû˿顣
ҶʱǰСɽͷвɵĳĶǸѵأǸͨҰĵ¾»ءңͨĸй٣ܸоʱŲѾѻǹ׼ԴҪʲôҶɣһԼԴͻᱻ򿪻
߰ɣûʲôÿģŽ޾Ц˵ɽǰȥһ·޾תη֮Ҷſһɵľš
޾ƺϤֻվǰԼ۾׼ϵĺɨǡҶ֪ӦĤ֤ϵͳֻϵͳ϶˲ɨ衣İҪվǰ̻ᱻŵɱ
Ϣ֤ϣ޾Уӭعءϴһе豸󾫸ִľž߷ֿ¶ͨ
ȥɣұߡ޾תͷ֣صĶҶޱĽͨҶȻҵæȥ
һȫɸֳͨͨϢҶﲻ뵽ǰԼ顣ͨǺϤģûжηС
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޾Աߵ˭ǰôûⲻ˽Դǰɡһ󺺵ĳ޾˵˵˼ƺڴҶûʲô⣬Ӧһ˵ѡ
޾΢΢һЦ˵СӾͲҪˣҲǰ˼ġ˵Ż޾ԽˣȥҶæϣ΢΢ͷ˵Ĵ󺺴˸к
ˣȽȥһ£һǾҪˡ޾Ҷ˵һƿ˽ȥҶһ£֪Ӧǻ֮ĵطҲϹ£ĵȴ
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þòˣ֪㻹𣿡ĻдЩӣǻƺǱʲô
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ҶﵭһЦ޾ļƿ˽ȥ
ҶǰĲ²⣬һҡϵǣֻһˣΪҪһѴУڿöˡоǸԼӰЩϤС
ʱת˹ĪζĶҶӺҪںߵҵʲôҶʱѾɴ۾ô̫ϤˣҪ˵Ҷܻڣ˭ԭô˺ǰˡ
⻰˵ȹҶҶһ죬ܴһֶǰ˵Ľ̵뵽ֽĥƵѵҶ̲סһ£ƺڹеĿ־壬⡣
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ЦЦҶһ˿ܳ͡ʿû֮һܻվʵͦ˵ġ
ǲǺɻΪʲôңЦʵ
ҶһæͷʱǶһЩţԴҲ벻ǸطĽ̹ΪʲôڻĹľУҿλ͡
ܸӣһʱ˵壬ܸǣﳹײˣԺˡԱǿ˵һʱǼӴࡣ
Ҷ仰ͫ׼ˣʲô˼ѵǱˣⲻܡ֪УҶﲻʲô֯ԼϾߵ̫ӴˡȫʱŰٷ֮ʮĹӶŰٷ֮ʮҪڳŰٷ֮ʮɱͬ
ǲǲţ쿴Ҷı飬ЩϷʵ˵ֱܿͱɫ˵ʵȷʵڣֻ֪ˡЭ飬ҲˣԺͨˡ
Ҷ￴ı鲻٣̲סһ˵عͨ谭ʲôĻôǷЧЭԼ˰ɡǩǷЭԼˣᱻıǣȥɱҲãӶҲգõʽҪϽһ롣
ǸطҶûعͨˣͷֻһǾҲΪʲôҶҪһֱ͵ˣڲԼݵԵʡ


195 Ҷ֮
̹٣ε飬ӦæɣҶͻȻ뵽ԼǲͱˣܲμνѵҲԭ
쵭һЦ˵ͷ˵˵ûȷʵҵ˼
ҶһȻô£ҲȻࡣͨղŵĲ²⣬δʱ֪εܲ򵥣޾϶ûôԼŪһʲôͷġڼô˵ôһоͽ͵ͨˡ
㲻ǲΪʲôһѡ㣿쿴Ҷ粻ɫ΢΢һЦ˵
Ҷ˵ͷĬˣûпڵȴźߵġ
ε鲢ǱϵѵֻǸӡʵҪȥһЩ鷳Ҿжܸˡڲܺ˵ҸһѡĻᣬμӻǲμӣһξ
ɫ֣أ˵ҶЩģԴںߵŬԴЩսеꡣһѡĻᣬ֪εǼ֣ʹҲûȫգŪúпȫû
Ҷò׻һعͨ˵һϣ飬ԸΪ¶ߺòȡҡ
Ҷԣ¶һĨ˼ܿͱ档ɷΪΪȫûӴЩȻ˱ԼСӣȻڽӴ˾û˱ܵɡ
̹ڿЦɣңǲǶ̫ûˣҶﵭһЦ˵
΢΢һȻҶһģʮĽӴҪ˽ߵƢԣƾû˽ˡ
ȻˣҲ˵ˡ΢΢̾һ˵
̹٣ǲӦÿ˵ϣ͸¶һ㡣Ҷ˼άԾܴһת۾Ц飬ƺǰ֪ʲô
챻ֲƵıŪһ㶣漴ЦҶı仯ǺͬġܴһְҵӶѸٵתΪͨСϰգôãǺֵó޵ġ
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뱨𣿡΢΢һüʵ
仰ҶɫȻˡͷһֱУΪԼֵܺһսУҪǲĻܶԵ𺮾
ôǣ˭ҶʮٱֻҶϵɱ޼ɵ¶еı伴ʹҲЩ𾪡û뵽ԼһѵĵӾȻһ棬⾿ǾĿӵеġ
֪һЩڲܸ㡣ң㻹ȥҲǰװȵһҾ㹻ǿˣһġ첻ԸҶ»صȥҶڵͦõģӦΪĶԹԹڵһУֻίסҶ
ҶԣȻ֪˼ȻЩƣ֪ΪԼáˣҶȫΡ
̹Ӧ֪ΪʲôμѵɡҶﵭĻصƺǲõϢĴ㡣
ԣ¶һ˿Σ⻹汻ҶˣûҶԭѵʲô飿Щɻ
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ɭҹңҪһºоܸоҪǿһЩڻкܶҪҲ̹ӦɭɣҶŨŨĺƺ޾ɱ棬͸©ֻȴĳһ̵ĵ
΢΢̾˿վЩСЩ˵ıˣôҵҶﲻ˵ҪҶϾɱ
Ȳ˵ˣҴӦˣ͸֪һС֪Լˣ鷳ѾҶҶֻ֪˵ܸõӦԡңŻ˵ǿķǽҶҪЧ϶űźá
лл̹١Ҷ΢΢һ˵һ׮£ܰæӦл
΢΢һԣùҶĹ󵭵һЦȻǺߵĽ̹٣ͳ˵һȻܵģ˳ͬһطڵҶ϶ǿܽһ񡣵еķԶǿΪ֮Ķܵ
ȥɣúϢһ¡⣬ǾҪˡ˻˵Ҷ˵Ļ˵ˣȻ޹ͣܿתȥˡ
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ҶһϾͲ˺ߣʲôѵСӱŰҪȻоͳɱ̬ˡ
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Ҷһ⻰ܾﲻԾٿ޾һĿԼжʱ֪˵ʲôæ˺һȭЦ
ҺǰʶҶ͵˵Ĺϵȴû˵Ϊ޾֪Լϣ챩¶ȥܻ鷳޾Щʺ˵Щ鲻ʺ˵鱻ҶΪ˵һࡣ
Цһᣬ޾ʹҶʱҶϢĵطҶһ㵹ͦԻģϾԼˣ˵İ׵ľǿˣܵĴӦõġȻϿܾҪ뿪ˣϢϢ
޾ܾҪ뿪ˣ׼𣿡뵽͸¶ϢҶæѵһɢӣ˿ĽŸС˵˵Ӧãûл
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漴뵽Ҫ飬ǳõս֮ҲǿȻЩпᣬǶǺܴģѾϰ˰Եߵĸо
޾ӦжսĳذɣûȤȥ˳Ҷ̽ʵòźսӣһѾЩԾԾˡ
ȻˣǾȥɣĥĥʱ䡣
޾һȻĴӦȻô˷ܣܺҶһǺֵڴġϾҶһֱز¶ںߵʵǺܺġ
޾Ҳһ뿪ϢĵطŻṩĶսȥʱǵĿĵءҶ￴һȺŰӣ͵Ⱥ¶ЦݣּĳѾܾûоˡ
ƺûطҶƵ˵޾һۡһҲ̫ˣôˣضûУô֡
޾һ¶һ˿мȺȥ


196 ȶ
ι缸һãֵһ档޾ڶսļ˺ִֵıֵҶо˼ǵˣԸֱˬʲôʲô
ڶսĸͣͻȻð޾һüͷ˵޾Ҳ̫Ե˰ɣطô㲻ǿһɡ
޾мĿһ˵ˣǴϷʵ˵ɲǰԵȻðֻ˵΢΢һپٶ˵ƾСӣƺɡ޾һ˵꣬ԱߵȺͱһΨ²ҵ˼
޾ǲ̫ԼˣΪҾͺ㲻ɣ˿ᣬ沿ЩŤ˵
޾һҲֹסЦݣ˵ǾʹһɣҵҪ²Сʲô˵Ż޾һԾ˱̨һʱ˶ս⡣
Ȼ˵ɲУֻЦ˶սʱȴ࣬ǰһ̻ģһͱһֻϵͻ˶ɵơ
ʱҲڳһɵĶŶ޾ս˿
Ǿʹһһ𣿡
޾Ҳ˵ʱƣϵԽԽǿҶվǰһĻ΢΢˵ͷٿɣʱ޾һҲͬ顣ֻҶڿʱһ˿ɻ
˵Ȼ޾һЩȴȶ֮£޾ƾԵЩȶˡ뵽ҪӣҶæ̨Աڳʱܳ־Ԯ
Сò״̬һ㶼޾
ҲоϢ˱仯ƺǿࡣ
ٺ٣Ҫ޾ԱҲþͲǺ£Сƽʱûǡ

ԱȺеۣҶɫƽЩ˵ĻпԿ޾ʧӦҲʲô飬ˣϵԼǰӣ̲סԳһЦ̫ʱûоˣϰ˻ֻǱԡ
ʱе˶רĵע̨ϵ޾ɣȻûпҶͻȻֵİˡҶʲôʱ̨ѾõĶڶˡ
ͬʱһԻȭʯֻ˵ȭײһһСսһ
һ˶˰벽ٶսһҶ￴̨ˣһ˿˵ȭ·Ǵ󿪴ϵ֣˶ûʹʲô·֮ıƴɰܵĿ϶ˡ
һת۵Ĺ̨ϵսѾ˰Ȼĳ̶ȡһֺݺݵĶԺ˶ʱվżٵĺ
޾Щ˷ܣû뵽ɵİ²ʵô࣬ҪǰܺǺ׵飬ڿȴôˡ
ɣСӲصûͦŸ˼Ǽ޾Ϣϣʱ˵
ɵһЦȴûл޾ĻȻǰһ˫ϱƣ漴޾ȥ
Ҷ۾һû뵽Ų̫۵ĸǾȻʹʽЩ̾޾һĻͫȻȻϳһеȭ
û뵽СһУӮƺɡ޿аϵĶȴ΢΢³ҽ΢漴˶ԾУһȭ˫ֹơ
ȭ·һһᣬ̼ǲһ޾ȭһ֣̫ȭȭͬЧҪȭֻһ취ǾǾԵܴʹ˾ʽȭȭּһ֣׻˵һʮᣬʽȭĽһ˳
ι˵һ˵ӮһһȭôʲôʱǸͷ
˭˭ɣҲ˵
̨˿ʼҶȴû˵üͷ⣬Ҫ˿϶޾ˡЩ˵ĺܶԣ˭˭ӮǺһҪ⣬Ǿһֱڽ޾ȴȫʱ̻ãҪȥ޾϶½
Ҷʱ̨ϵսڼʱ޾ҲǷ⣬üͷ̲סʼƽ֮ȻսзǴɣ޾һСıץס˿յһͨʽ˦˸̨
顭ƨأʱ޾۵
ɣСҪҪôݣ޾ܵЩʱʵ
Ҷ߹ȥ޾ӵЦŵˣѾˣȥҲһ
޾һȻˬҶĻȴǺȷģȻҲ֪Щ
޴ͷ㲻䲻ɡ̨ϵɴŴЦĻصȻô˵ûʲô⡣ҶһԸ񲻴ûΪսʤ޾ߡ
޾֪ԼսʵһƤǲԼʧܵġ
ɣСӾ˵ѣбҶˡ޾һת뵽˰ҶƳȥҶôҲں£һԼҲµȥ
Ҷһ֪һʲôû˿˵ĸоڳĶǾеٮٮߣôͬˮƽĶ֣ںսҶ˵Ǻѵõġ
Ҷ˭λֵܣɲʵܿע⵽޾ԵҶע⵽İ˵Ĵڡ
áҶﵭǺͺߴһк
޾Сô˽ˣ˭˶ע⵽ҶĴڣ˶ʱԵʵôҲǸܻأı̶ܳȺܸߣͻȻ֮˸İˣǻǺܺġ
ôˣҪμѵǵĻ飬һ¾֪Դʹʶʶ
޾СǲϹأεѵ˲μӡô֪޾һ˵꣬˿ʼĻϾҸ˲μѵʵЩ֡
޾һҲشЩ˵Ļǲǲ˵һҪˡ
Ҷ֣ûȤ棿ɶҶ￴˺þãʼպܵӡĵǸ֣ôҶֲʹ죬ԳҶ
ҶһһЦ漴ͷԾ˸̨Ҷԭϸ̨ģû֮ġһʱһ̾ȻҲǿҶĲȻ˶ҶһĻûС
Ҷֺ֡һ˿ȣһ޵˵
Ҷô˵΢΢һЦڳһ򵥵ϸʱ޾ոʹõʽȭȭǾȭȫ緶ΧڶǴͬС졣ҶǰͽӴԾʹ˳
ҶĶȴЩˡбҶĺøҲмԼոմе޾һٶʹóѵΪԼ޾ǿ޾һسӲɡ
һã漴ٶȰڳȭл˵֮֮ҶʽȭΪʲôܼȭ
ȻԸҶˣ֪ҶݣȻߵֶζɱ˵ģֱȶȻʺʹó֮ôȭΪոտ޾ȭ͵ѧĳɹ


197 ս
Ҷ建¶ףĳһ̣һͺȴдͬʱһԾѸٵĿɡһֱȭ΢࿴ùҶһȭ˫һãץסҶֱۣһȥ
ҶаЦһܺߵĶȥֱȭȻûı䷽ֻӴ˺öࡣ
ɱģϧû뵽Ҷ˴ʽһ룬òſҶֱۣһԡ
˺ôľòɳԿˡ̨˿˳СĺԵ
Ҷֺþһ˿ȣ漴˵ȴµı仯ֻһ΢΢ǰһ̽Ҷؿλá
ͻһвûҶﾪʧ룬ʵֱȭʱ뵽˺ôһУ׼ĺ߳Լȥδ֮ʽԼ
ʱҶֱȭջأһֺֻȻ漴ײɹȭͷ
顭һ죬˶һһСҶȻȡһЩˣҪʹ˻ȴûпܡ
Ӧ޾СҵģǸ֡кæ޾Ҷ޾һЦȴû˵ܲ˵ҶԼСɣ˵ȥҲûš˵Ҷݣ˵޾ԼҲ˵ЩҲ
Ƭʱ䣬̨ϵǲһ˫һʱ˿ƾСȻҶɵʵҪʹĴһͿԽսˡ
ҶֲҪˣһʤôȻȣŴ˵ҶһȻ΢΢ͷ
˵Żɾٶȹһȭһʽɽ
Ҷһ⣬漴Ӧ֮͵ǰָȭɵļ
Ҽ类ȴǵޱȣȭڽսҶͲšֻ˫ƣתۼ͵סҶĽ·ߡڴͬʱ¶һ˿΢Ц
ƱҶϲûɫЩƻ
˵ʱʱ죬ҶﱻȭͷȻֻɫ䣬ͱȭ˳ȥ
ɰֻһ˲䣬һתۼɾͰڹսЩԡԼȴ֪ԼôʧܵġҪҶ˦ȥģϧҶһͻȻرȴǴЩֲĺĶûóʧˡ
лҶ顣ȻʧˣϲûвЦ˵Ҷ飬ߵһ¿϶ǴļϣǾͲֱЩôˡ
Ҷ΢΢һЦʤܲ٣һֵ͡
ֿˣҲǿֻǽӮ˶ѡֲЦˣοԼûʲôԹ֮ģҶ˵ҲǺܿ˵Ҳ࣬Ͼǰͺ޾սһ϶ǲȫʢʱڡ
ô˵ţ̨µҲЦֵطսʱʱеģҶˬˣû˻Ϊ֮ĶʲôȻҲû˻ΪӮ˱˶֮ġҶıֻӮ˵ĺøС
Ҷû뵽㻹ôһ֣˵˵һʽʲôҿ֪ȭûУ˽޾˷ܣǰʧû˿Ӱ쵽顣ҪҶнԼôһٶȴˡ
ǰҶ֣ɲܲ˽һҲܸȤȻǸ죬Ҳ˼ԼŸոʶҶҲ޾嵽
СӹһȥҶҸǣҪҲǽңʲô֡˺Լ⣬޾ʱˬˣСӸոԼ˼Ƥ˵⻰浱ǺƢɡ
ˣˣһʽʵûʲôҸ˵˵ǿ϶ˡһָˣҶæֹ
һʵͻȻ뵽ģӦ֪ȭɣһʽʱȭеԭʹȭһģǽһ㣬˲䱬˺Ҷ٩٩̸ûв˽ͷҲûʲôɲ˽ġ
ȭ
λ˶ʼ˼Ƕֲܿ뵽еĹؼ
ɵȭ˸գ̫ź֮ܶͬʽʩչһ಻ĸоʹԵֱ֮Χ޻еĸо޴ʹ̫һжжĻݻģжҪʱ䣬ȭȴ˲䱬ɾûжĻᣬȭȻͱˡ
Ժ󣬴ҶҶҲȭǲǲãûƽȭ
Ҷô뵽ġ޾Щɻʵս˲Ϣ䣬Ҷôй˼أ֪ԼܸɾΪԵʡ
顣Ҷﵭڣش޾⡣Ū޾ΣⲻǱ˵ûսֱĺ޾и಻ѣܿ뵽Ҷ֪Ҷ˵ûǸط˶˶ģսܲḻ
Ҷɵıȶ̨ȥսоЩһﻹ涼սˣһҲСҶ￴һЩ˾޾ԼصʱϢ䡣
Ҷǰ˵ϾҪ뿪ǲġ޾оЩģͿʼһ⡣ƺʹһ飬˵ͺˣҶȻúһ˵ڶ飬ֻǷ˸ۣǱӵĿ޾
޾һЦЩƲôĺҲЩ˵Ҫƽѵһô޾뵽츸˵ĻԼȴԼλ顣вɵôһοһһľ档
Ҷͽ̹ô죬Ҫȥһϸڰɣ治֪εʲô
Ҷһ£΢΢ҡҡͷ˵ǰʹˣûң˵ǵʱȻ֪ˡҶʵҲ֪ƻκֲֻᣬҲû취
ˡʱϢҵű죬޾æվȥˡ
ɣСôˣ޾һţɣʱɻʵֻǵһЦ˽ֱ޾Ļ޾뵽ߵƢԣҲû˵ʲôš
֣ǣɣҶɻʵһҪμѵ϶ԼϢʱЩˡһƨϣûлشҶ⣬üͷ֮ſ˵
ҶֵӦҲǲμѵɣ֪ѵô
ԣҶ̲סüĵ⻰ʵ̫Щ˰ɣѵһ֪ʲô
ǲμѵǶھһ㶼ֻ֪֪ε鲻򵥣ôʣǲ֪ʲôҶв²˰˳֪ЩĻæʵ
΢΢һЦ漴Щ֣ص˵Ļ̸ϣûв´ĻεѵӦúжЩϵ
һ⻰Ҷ̲סһ㶣жط̫ϤˣҪ֪ĹӶһʱȹġѵʲôϵѵ
Ҷһ漴뵽һܡ뵽Щ˼Щȷ
ɶҶ￴ãߵɫ仯ǿһҶʲôͲ̫ˡ
Ҷֵǲ뵽ʲôɵһЦʵ
Ҷҡҡͷ鲻͸¶ڻڲ²׶Σ˵Ҳûʲôá
ҶķӦһ˿Īı飬漴ҶֵӦǲ֪ʲôɣ
ԣҶһЦԴӻعûô˽ʼεǱɵ˳ѵʲô飬Լ֪
ɣ˵ʧ飿ô˵޾Ȼʲôæʵ


198 
ǣǰһʱ䣬ҹһҾʧƶϣ͹ĳӶйأεӦþǺйءһ£ѡ˵ЩϢǼﳤ͸¶ģ֮˵ҶΪҶɽ޾֪֪ףûıҪ
Ҿò̫ܣӦɹҳ棬ЩʲôϵѵҪɣ޾һ»˵еɻ
΢΢һ٣뵽ǰﳤ͸¶ĶЩҪҪ˵ˡ
ЩϢ鲢򵥡ǣ̫㣬ҲֹĹܶҶ룬жǸж˼Ƭ̣˵Լ֪Ķ
жҶһû뵽ôӣȻжǼɣҶ˼Щ
ǰ飬ҶڵӶжһУһ磬ʱӶžȥʱѾЩ־壬úɱˡӶžͶһЩͼ̽硣ϧеͬ΢ͻȥҲ˲ʧȥϵȥ޻ء
֮£ʱ֯ͷ̽طĴ㣬ҽ鳹ڲ
ڶж˵ǵع˲ŵµġֺ;ʧʲôϵѵﲢ֮أĴڣ
ҶһƬңȴʼҪǵ飬ôЩ鷳ˡɹ񣬶ʧܶˣȫû
֣ǲǻ֪ЩʲôҶеǣ̲סʵ
΢΢һ٣üһ֣֪һЩЩ̫ڷ˼ˣ֪ܲ˵
û˵һ飬鷢ڶսʱ˾жһطоһЩ˵һͣסˣɫòͬʱϸĵĹ۲Ҷ˵ķӦ
˵྿ʵ飿޾ͻȻ뵽ʲôס˵
ɵͷ¶һ˿
Ҷﲢû˵ʲôʵ飬˵ĵط뵽Ǹ磬ԤУεжһŹϵ
ⲻܰɣֻǸԣӦòİɡ
¶һ˿󵭵Ŀһ˵޾ĳȴǳ޾ģǶĳЩ顣
̫СˣΣҲһӴһЩоЩɵĻЩĪ޾ĶȴޱȡǰӴĶȻֻ֪ƤëЩʵ飬оҪǳɹˣȾʵĺ
˵ʲôôҶ￴һһֱڴգʱܲܺú˵ĺ
Ҷֵܶˣʵ֪һЩҲǺõģûǡɵһЦ˵Ҷһòƻô£֪Ķ˷ãˡ
һɾ˸𡣶ߺҲǰ
жıŲлƽ⡣ϾҪжˣϢΪҪֻʼձ۷״̬Ӧһ⡣
ҶʲôأôһĲɵӡҶɫϵıã޾̲סʵ
Ҷ΢΢һЦʾû£۾Ϣ޾Ҳû˵ʲôǺҶһϢ
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ҶҪˣ㡣ҶﻹһԺӣ޾æ˵һǸطôӦô˻˰ɡ
ҶӦһ򵥵ʰ֮Ҷ˾ͼææ˼ϵص㡣
ϵصʱҶ﷢Ѿ˺öˡҶЦһԼЩ˻ˣ鶼ܳٵ
վڶ棬Ҷ￪ʼΧЩ˶ǰڶսˣҶЩ˻ӡġ⣬Щ˾ͻԼδһʱڵĶѺͻˡ
ҶվˣǸ̬ˡʱԴ޾ҶһɫһֱͦϵɢϢһʱʧӰ١
޾еı̬죬Ȼ޾Сǰ϶ںԹҪȻڿƺġ
ɣ˶𣿡ɫ䣬ûκεı飬Щǰϵķʽкֻ֣ܶһֶѡᵽ֣̲סһæʼˣܿͻظ̹٣鼯ϣӦ19ˣʵ20ˡ
ɫһ䣬ҪѣȻ䷴ӦҶӦþǸڶʮˡ
С俪ڣʾУԣ̬ô˵ǵһΣղſŵò壬ҪǶԷʲôˣǾԿͷʱ
ϻҾͲ˵ˣѵĸˣδ21ǱҵҪΥӦ֪ҵֶΡ΢΢һ٣ּ˵ҲµһЩε鲢򵥡ڻǸǵʱֻܴŸһЩѵΪ֣һѵʱΪ15죬ڶִʱΪ7졣
̵ĽܣҶЩ׹ˣеĲ²һʱҲƺõӡ֤
ڸһӵĳԷʱ䣬һӺ˱гٵӦ֪³ת׼뿪ܿת˵ҶһҪ˵
ΧЩĿҶһǲǵ̬ôһͱȥ̸ΧɫҶЩε߳˶С޾һûµı飬͸ȥˡ
̹٣£Ҷɻ̲סʵ
쵭һЦ˵ȱ𼱣ȥԷ߳Ա˵˵žˣҶȻЩƣиȥ
ܿ˾˲ר߼ٳԷĵطûʲôˣҶ۲һΧĻ뵽ҲȻˡ
ӦΪʲôɣȿ˵Ҷ￴˿΢Цı飬ĵ˵ͷ
ܼ򵥣㵣СӳŸˡִʱҸġ쿴ҶһۣȻ˵ԼĴ㡣Ҷ⣬ҲʮκߵҶﵱСӳǼ£Ǿǲľ
Ҷ΢΢һ㶣û뵽ҪԼէͶ˲죬ԼƺЩ̫ʰɡ
̹٣ôҵģҶﵭһЦϵıЩ
ûҶıһ漴Щ˵ε鲻򵥣ҪóȫҪԼʺϣô͵û˵
һҶﲻûзЩȻ춼Ĳ򵥰
ҺЩ˲˽⣬ȥǣ˵Щ˷˽˴˶һ⣬Ӧ֪ı׶˰ɡҶﵭ˵Ȼ鲻ʵʵЩ鷳ϣԼ⣬ܽ
쵭һЦ֪ҶǴӦСӳв˿ô˵ҶԸ֣˵ǸϢ
˵Щ˵Ӧò谭ɣο15׼ʱ䣬Ӧù˰ɡƻ˵ⶪҶԼԼͲ˷ϸˣߣҶܴ顣
ҶЦһε˵ðɣҴӦˡ


199 Ҷĵ
ҶӦСӳ΢΢һЦ漴Ҳû˵ʲôͷҶ￴ǲһƲⶼʲôˡˣͲˣҵ鷳ô죿
Ǹ̹١ûԼ˼Ҷڨڨڣ׼ӵĺߡ
Ҷ̧ͷߡ㻹£¾ֱ˵µʲôʵԸǲϲŤŤӵģ˻ںԼ˵
Ҷһ̽ʵ̹ǲӦøŪݣϾжҪǱ¶˻Щ鷳
üͷ΢΢һ壬漴Ҷ˼Щʵ˵FBIҶһ˵ͷʹ˵ԼԷ֪ʲô˼ܺܺõıԼΡ
ԼŰ죬ò֡һתЩƻ˵ҶıȴϷʵζ档
ԼŰ죿һ⻰Ҷ϶ʱ˺ߡôµҿǸոմӦ㲻һת۵Ĺ˰ɡĸз̰ѣҶ׼һͨɧȴϵı飬ʱ֪ԼǱˡ
ɲƺ뽫Цףٶȿڱĳˡ
ҶһаͬʱȴǿЦԼҲܺ͹һԿΪӶŵĴǸ˹ˣ֯иĵĹ涨ǾǲӶɹС鷳֯ĳԱFBIĺҶܰȵĻڣΪһֱСģһֱûб¶
ȻжôζҶﲻò¶ڹҰ֮£ҪûһȫΪڲأҶﵣFBIϣЩ鷳ˡ
̹ǾͲЦˣ֪һΪ׼õġҶ˵ƶ߿϶ЩƻģҪȻԼСӡһ£Ҷܵ󷽵ĹôȫС
쵭һЦ˵ݵҵǺˣεЩ⣬FBI֪ʲôһĵʿFBI붯˼ҲҪһԼˮƽ
ⲻǵû˵ѵҪ˵ҺԺ鷳뵽Ҷ﷭˸ۣٶȰЩڴӦСӳˡ
Ҷɫò̲סЦܿһԱǼܲ飬ڵࡣ⵹˵жูڣʵҶ⣬Ļѵÿɹ
ˣԷ뷨֪ǵԺܵӰһȻġ쵭ڣҶһŶ衣
ҶһĵҲǷֱӺ߿ʼԷԼͷ֧Ʊ֪꣬ںߵ˽⡣Ȼô˵ǾһԼ鷳
ܿ˾ͳ˶򼯺ϵĵص㡣
˽鵽ϵʱǵҶĳ֣˶Щ죬Ψ޾һ̹Ȼ˵ĹϵЩ²ģҶȻû˵뵽µѾ˾Ųʮˡ
ҶԺ󣬱ЩӵĶ˲䰲
ȻǶˣôϻҾͲ˵ˡҪ飬ҪԵ
˶٣ʮ˶һ࣬ĵ˵ͷٶ˵һİţǽȥӡϵһСֽѵĵص㡣ǽҵĶԱһȹܵʱ䣬ϣҶóԼı£ҪǰӡҪ˸Ҷˣǲġ˵仰¶һ˿вȺеҶﾪķ֣Щһﶼڴź
ѹֱ֮Ϊ̬һǰԭЩ˵ˣҪȻһﲻô־ġ
ǸųȫߵѵӪУܳΪ̹٣Ϊһ׶صļǱܵѵʽȻеʸǸߵסЩη죬ܴĿܾǾߵѵ뵽ЩҶһεΣղʵԽǿĿԾԽ
ڶ£εĶһʮһˣҴ졣Ϊ˸´һѡСӳÿһСʮˣСӳ;ԱɣֱΪһӶӡ΢΢һ٣治ΪȺ̲סпһ￴ԼʱȻû˵¶ɫ
һӶӳΪҶӶӳΪɡԱԼѡ˭ȥǸȥĸҲϣҶ¼Ҷʲôһ֧ŶӣҪľŽᡣǿʼˣǰСʱʱ䣬ϤԼĶԱ콻һ£뿪˼ϳأҲ֪ԼЩǲŵÿġ
뿪˶ʼ۵Сܿ˷ӳԾĿʼѡ顣
Ҷ￴ɣֺҲԼ΢΢˵ͷǴк
Щ滹ЩģԱֱѡӳҶǺߣû취ͺȵġʱ򣬶ˣѾȼɵĶ顣ȻΪԿЩϾ֪֪סЩģֻҶߡ
Ƭ̺󣬶Ÿ˾ʹˣ޾ȻҲ档Ҷ΢΢һЦʾЩվãлҪ˵
ǻЩʣΪʲôҳէ͵Сӳ˰ɣҪ˵һ飬ϣμסҶɫһһ˿ϣ˶Žһ£ҵĻԷӣҪ˸ΥҲʹһЩֶΡ˵꣬Ϳʼ۲Щ˵ķӦ
ҶĻûһ˿Ц˼öЩӦҶĺøһʱҲ½ࡣ޾ҶĻȴǺ֪ͬߵݣЩֶκҶҲû˽ģȫΪС롣
Щ˾ЩˣһէëͷСͷϾˣﲻ֪ĴڴʣΪǸ̬˵˼ɾЦЦ˵һ˭
뵽Щ˶ҶĲˣϸǺε¶һ˿мı顣ֱӳߡҶ￴ɫʱĵѱЩѱˣô׵ġ
ʱ޾ɫҲǺܲãĻƢҪҶֱֹӷˡ
ڴҽһԼɣҪЩسҶﵭ˵ۿЩˡ
޾վǰ棬ȻҪҶĳҶô˵ͼæʼԼ
ҽ޾óֵ뷴졣ʹG4ͻǹ޾ĽܼܺҶҪ˽Ϣȴ޾˵꣬Ҷ͵˵ͷʾһλ
ЩȻв޾ͷˣҲû취ֻϡ漴վڵڶλһСƽͷǰһʼҽܡ
ҽлٴҪϺͷ졣óB1ͻǹ
ҽѻֳóγԼɱָӹ١óAWP;ѻǹ

ʱƣŸ˶һһϡҶЩ˵ĻϢҲ˳˽⡣ڶҶﻹǱȽġ
ĸѻ֣Ʊһػǹְ֡ҵھ˶˵ǺܲˡЩ˽ϺҶϵıҲƽһ£Ҳҽһ¡Ͼ˶ˣҪǰԼţֻЩ˵ķС
ҽҶμӹս顣óһУҲá


200 ƻ
Ҷһ˵꣬˲ˣʹ޾ҶҲЩڿһƻе˶֪ζʲôЩ˸ʲô
һֱӶڽ˵ƻּƻ˵˾ԸΪλսϵĿʵʩԵĴһֱƻеЩ˳һ˾ͨĳһѾˣƻҪȫԾͨҪμӼƻĶҪȱ˶ʮĺˮе֪ʶܽЩãﵽս󻯵Ŀġ
˾뵽һеİ취ƻĳˣһһҶʱѡвμƻģĻ顣
Ҷ㲻ǿЦɣƻǲĻأҶĽϣ̲סʳ˴ҵɻ
ҶһһЦ˵ʱв΢΢һ˵ϢҲ֮Щи𲻶ɱڻ˸
˵֮˺ԵĸоҶ޵ɷвЩǾսγɵɷѾ󡣶Ҳѡס죬ȻҲǲһ㡣
޾ǵһμҶ֪ǰĺߡֻ֪˷ŵı£𾪵¡ǷҪݴʱҶĻǾһɷ·ʱ˺ǰһС
ݵʧ̬֮Ҷлֲָǰˣе뷨ʼ֪ķű仯
ʱƣСʱȥٶȳ֡ʱ鶼ǰ쿴΢΢˵ͷȻǺġ
ЩֵǣһӵĶԱҲƺ˱仯첻Ҷ߸һ΢ЦͷӣǺģκߣҶһ
Ȼ׼ˣôǾͳɡɻѾˣǵĸۿڣ˶쵭ͷת뿪ʣµҲæϡ
˳˻أܿһְΧСͻҶһܱߵĻ΢΢ͷĵطȷʵΣױ¶ͨ˵ҰС
һҶûǴĻӦǵ»ȽˡΪеԭ԰ųܴɿٵֱ
˺ܿ˷ɻϢ漴뿪˲λ뵽ۿڵʱ仹磬־棬ԶûϢ˼ԾȺ˵һӦĬ˵ģȻ뿪λ
Ҷû뵽㾹ȻСӳˣһӡϻʱҶԱߣʱĵ
Ҷһ΢΢һЦڻصôķͷɲɰɵ٩һ䣬ҶҲɵ࣬ǰΪ뵽Щصõ˻⡣
ҹҲǣСӼһǿҶɵעһ㣬һﰵˡʱԱߵ޾Ҳǲ˵Ҫɡ
һ⻰϶ʱ˺ߡʲôһ˵ô
޾СǲǷᰡ鷳˵˻ɲаϸǲʼ޾Ķ̡
У˹ʺ˶ѣʱһСһ٣ȻͲ֪үֻۡ޾Ȼɣæͻ˻ȥ
ҶЦЦæʼԲһǵģһǻҪٲֹڷɻϴ
Ҷǰ˵Ǹǲģʱ޾ͻȻ뵽ǰҶ˵Լǵƻ飬Ҷöˣ̲סʵ
Ҷ΢΢һ٣޾СĺĺѾˣȻúƽϡȻ֪ҶҲûʲôıҪ
Ҵû˵ѵϰߣ˵һ˵΢΢һƲ죬ҶĿ޾
޾ԣһ˿⣬ĿƵĶҶʱһ뷨ҪʩеĻǼֱ̫ˡ
˵ʲôɼһƲԼգʱˣⶼʲô˰ҵĸ
һȥ˵£졣޾ͷĶ˵ðСǿҶɱһһҭ϶ʱ
Ҷ㣬㿴ǸвУ޾ЩµʵȻҲЩ˼ҶһĿ޾ĿҲЩӡ
⻰ɶͲôˣôоЩֵֹζǲǸɣһ˵˵Ż̲סԱơ
ʲôǸģˡ޾һʱûӦЩˬ˵ȷʵûٶˡ
޾ɵ˼Ҷô᲻֪Ͼܲߣⶼʲôˣ˼Ͳܴһ㣬Ӧȥ˰ɡٿ޾һﻹǻȵĿԼҶпЦãһ𣬶˵ɽˣûӦ
ιҪҪôģ⼤ĻͲܻطݣѾȷеĲ²⣬һ϶ǶϱʱһӶ˵
һ⻰ҶﻹãϾͲ³һа˼롣޾Ͳˣһ׹ɣк޺޵Сٶˣ˵ӶϱӾ̣㡣
һʱûӦ޾һѹ£ǻôЩζҶһԿЦ֣ܿ뵽޾ոյ⡣
Ȼ޾Ǳ̨ʲôǾҶ˵ĻҪģϣΪƻһˣǶ೤ʱ䣬ҶһΡ
ҶȻо鲻ʵȷʵ⡣ȣͺ֮ϵһ飬Ϊ֮ĬǾڵദģ޾ҪΪԼĻ飬˵Ĭ϶ûôߣһ⡣ΣԴӺԼӵ֮ҶһֱӰϣһ˳ΪԼĻ飬ҪΪԼȻҶЩƫǵսƻУǸˣҪֶαߡ
ҶЩƣ˻Ц֣ͳֹˡ޾뷨ȻЩִǳڴ۾ֵĿǣҶﻹǾԼӦ޾뷨
޾ôģҶﵭһЦʵ
޾΢΢һ㶣漴ϲüң֪ҶʱͬԼ뷨Ҷеִأڿӹˡ֯һԣ޾֣ص˵ûв´ĻӦķߣֻһΣҲ㹻ˡһ˵꣬޾һȴҶĴ𻰡
֪ʵ뷨ҶҡҡͷȻ޾Ļش⡣ҪһͷһȵߣĽҪġ
޾һҶ˼һãȻ˼ʲô˶˼˼У޾ҪԼͷ
˾͸ңҪĴ⣬ҾʹӦ㡣Ҷ￴źߵı仯Ҳûھͻشֻо˼ǵĴ𰸲ǿŵġϣ޾Լͷһʲô˵ʲô
Ҷǣɷ·һʲôֻЩȷæʵ
ҶﵭһЦһ³ʲô˰ɣûǵƻҶ̹˵ûźߵ˼
ƻɫãϢ̫ˣΪҶǴʱɹģڿ鲻
ҶĸӵģĵƻҶ֪û˵ˡʳ֪⡣ҶҪǲμӹƻƾԼݿ϶˽ġ
Ҷ΢΢һ٣û뵽ô˵û뵽ߵϢͨزԼȻǲ͸¶ġǴŹ˵ܣҲܸ㡣Ҳ֪ɶҶ˵Żָָͷе˼Բ
Ҷô˵ҲûʣǳĬ


201 һ
ʱ޾ϵĳ˼ҲǽȥѾˣ뵥ƻΪҶĻڴԺЩִŵζ
˺пֻһΣһε޾˵ȴǺҪһƻζСӵʵƾһΣڽкпҪáƻ޾˵õѧϰҶϵĶܸõǿԼʵ˴Ŷǿĳᣬ޾ԼҲ⡣
ҶˣƻʺжֻҪڣܷȥɡ޾֪ôԼ뷨˵ȴûд
Ҷһпʼ˼ڵƻĿûɹԼϣȻԼ뺮ϻЩ࣬ʵǿ϶ġ޾ľȻǵģ־ܾ˵ĸо
Ƭ֮Ҷ΢΢̾˿̧ͷ۾ƵĿһڴ޾Ļӿд
տʼһţͻš
򵥵һ仰Ҷе뷨ӰκʱĽᡣ룬ҪԼĹܸǿһ㣬ǲǾܱס
ԹűǿĽǿķҪĹɨһϰôܳ⡣
һţͻš޾Щͬ仰Ҳ˵ҶǶԺߵĳŵ
ʱ·ֻصԭ㣬ʷһĻƺҲֻ֡ӲĴһҶоܵȼգһ裬һսİơ
ôɿвҶȥˡɿһӣҲЩĽǲĵ٩һ˵꣬һֱŭĿӣ·˵ʲôʱᱻһ
û˵ǼɰڳһСµӣʱҶ޾ЦԼҲ̲סЦ
ɣӦǼʰɣǾô͵͵Ľɡ޾ϷһЦ漴˵Ūһߡ߯ҪˣҪְ׳ռƽϼֱǶ֡аοԼǿԼĳ˵ĳܡ
Ҷǳˣʯҿģ˵˼ܣϱг
Ц֮䣬ٴλһŵˣǲû˵ʲôֻ˵Ͼ͵صˣҪ»׼
ԺһܻǰһҲǱŨܵľţʲôοﻹʿڰأҲǲܵġ
˷ɻһ˾ѵȴʱľÿʮ֮󣬿ͣһƬߵɳ̲ϡ
³֮˶ЩĪ˵͵ۿۿڡҶ΢΢ܣзһ˿ɫֱΧŲһŵţֻЩ˶ڰû¶ѡ
Ҷܷ֣Ҳܿ;쵽ʲô˿һ̹ȻҲûϸʣϾͷİûȨʵġ
ƻб䣬Ǳͧ뿪쵭˵˵ɻ󡣲Ҷɫ΢΢һ䣬漴װûһȴЩǱͧʲôһҺӲʵ֣򲻵ǲõġ
ԼЩǱͧ뿪ȻΪ˱ܡǾҪʲôȻҪһصİţ
ҶʱԶĺϻֳһɫ״Ҷﶨһ֪ҪȵǱͧˡʱ߳һʿǰŵˡ
ͷһԼʮˣло˼ϿžαٽͷΡһСʿЩ̧ĸƤͧ
ãҽ졣߹ȥ˾һҲһͷƤͧˡ
ԺߵıֲΪ⣬Ȼ֪Ҷ￴иŲǸٽʼû˵Ȼ⣬ͬʱҲ֤֪жɼжжߡ
ķԸ£һĸƤͧǱͧȥ
ǲкܶʣ쿴ҶɫһֱͣıãʵΪһʮһˣҶƤͧ
ҶﵭһЦȻ಻⣬Ը˵˵̹ټȻû˵Ҳûò𣿡
ô˵ɫһãüͷҲ֪ӦӦøҶЩǲ漰ԭģ˵ҲӦû⡣뵽̾˿Ҷ
ʵˣϸҲ֪ǲûиҡ쵭˵תȥԶĺ档һȺ˰ɽˮԶ磬Ȼȴһ㶼˽ԼȥʲôҪ˵ûԹǼٵģΪһˣְѡ
Ҷû뵽쾹Ȼ˵Ϊ֪е飬ڿȫô¡ʲô飬ҲһֱšҶ΢΢̾˿ԽԽǱͧʱѾˮ棬ҪӦҶһ˵Եʡ
ܻģֻܾΪˡ
Ҷû뵽ԼǴָʵӦһºľȻ֪оһ¼֮СĪ⣬ҪúõĻȥֻԼá
ԺƤͧǱͧԱͣʱǱͧǻһͨһæԸ˴Ƥ߽ͧȥһȫԺǱͧϵĿҲرգȥ
Զڽеĺٻʱվٻ߲İ칫С͸Զʱǻƻʱ̣ʼ俪ʼȻٻ
ܶΣ뿪ڶû˵֪ٻôˣƽʱ߾ӣҲûо¹Ȼ죬ŮȴоٻϢ
Ѿڴǰվһ磬ƺʲôʱĺٻĶҶЦò֪Լôˣȫû˼зһƬ
Ҫôٻ΢̾ЩԹҶΪ뿪ҲָܻĵҶĹڿԶԶ
ʱһӰ߽˰칫ңվڴǰĺٻһ˿ɫʡɫ΢֮󣬻ǻ˵ɩӣ°ˣؼҡСҶİţСѾΪٻŵıӳͺٻؼҵġ
ٻ˼˴ϣ֪˭ҲûСĳƺȴЩߡôͳɩˣҿǻû޸ǸһأȻǳ顣ٻаȴû˵ʲôȻѾĬԼҶĹϵ
ԶںϵҶʱڷ﷢Ŵ뵽˺ٻֵǣһ޵ĳ˼ΪҶﻺȥ
ϱңһȻһҶзڷд


202 ַ
ϱҶ㲻˰ɣ޾Ҷ˵ʱЩʵ
Ҷ￴һһۣȷʵû˼ߡⶼʲôˣϱܶ˵ϱһëǮĹϵ
޾ҶﲻԸ˵Ƶӡô˲ųһңҲ̫Ǹɶ˰ɡ˵ˣһɱ¾ľô
˸еһ£ʹҶСĵĲȥ𣬵ĵѡôӵġͬߣʱǧԺٻ˼ʹҶ˼ЩƮ
ʱƣǱͧĽӡķΧһСʱǱͧĸں֮ϡ
׼һ£ǵطˣ׼ǵʱǱͧдҶһ΢΢һ㶾ͷӦ˹æ޾վ档
ǵˣѾ糿˰ɡ޾һߴŹǷһüͷ˵ӻĵӡϵСһҹʱ䳤Ҳ˵ǱͧٶȺܿˣҪһ㣬ûе
ǰ˵õļϵص㣬Ѿǵ˺ܿ;ۼˣĵ˵ͷ
ϾҪǵˣûõĻҾͲ˵ˣϣܲʹΪ⡣ѵлִڼ䣬ϣЭŽһ𡣡΢΢һ٣ٶȿ˵˺ڵǵ֮ǰÿȥѡԼʵ˴á
һȺһʱ˷Ҫ˵ʲôԾ޷ǹе֮ȱˡһ·춼û£һЩͱﻵˣ֮ûʣǼɵߵϡõˣ˲Ź֡
һ˸ܿһֿ⡣Ҷһ߽ȥоЩΪĵԭѾкܳʱûнӴЩˣлָо̲ס˷
Ȼ˶ԼȶĿ꣬ԺܶʱˡΪֻѡûװ飬һֻܶĿװֱˮ
Ҷһǰ޾ĻѡһػǹİҪþѵģǼȻ޾齨ƻøעŶӵϣԼӡ
̹٣ΪʲôЩװ̲סеʡ
쵭һЦ˵ЩҲǶģӣõװ֯ṩ
컰һڣҶ͵͵ķػǹڶӣɵøػǹô˵ҲаٰʮģѾĲǿӺ
һ£Ҷɴ͵˸һǹ¡ǹɳĮ֮ӥĽͣɴﵽ18֮࣬ҲС࣬Сֻһҡ
ͬʱҲ͵͵װ޾һ￴Ҷﻻ˶ҲæеG2ͻǹһҶһǹ
쿴ԱǶһЦҲû˵ʲôֻǴͷ˲ֿ⣬һæȥ
峿ĵһںƽӡһʱ䱻ȾɫʡҶźмŵĵ¶˼漴һЦ
չǻص˴ǰֲ֪ȻٰӱܣƺһЦһַ·ԭ㿪ʼȻǸսʿ֮Ȼδ֪
Ҷʲôˡ޾Ҷ˰˼ģЩɻʵҶԳһЦ˵û£ֻ뵽һЩ¡˵ŻȸĽŲ޾ô˵Ҳʲôһҡͷͼϡ
ǰӦǸĵֻűѵõġܲҰŶҰ޵Ĵڡ˶Сףڴе滹ܺӦġһ·˴ͷ֮⣬û̫鷳
˵Ҳ֣ĵĶ鵽ﵺϣȻûӭӡҶɻ󣬵ǿû˵ʲôֻǲϵĿŵͼ֮ǰ·Ҳû˵ʲô
Ͼ͵ˣҴ񣬵˾Ϣˡʱ쵭˵ŴҸϡ쵽Ŀĵˣƣһɨգ˵ʲôҲٱĹǰӲǣȻжǿ϶ҪġǴҶ֪϶ǻоġ
ͣ£͵ΡǰţͻȻǰͺһ漴ͼһԱߵĹľС˶оսʿĶټѣѸٷӦΡ
ҶɻѵǰɣӦð߹ѵѵѻ˶˵˲ɣ
̹٣ôˣҶſߣŵЩɻʵ
һ˿ɷָָ̧ԶҶ˳ŷһͫһ˲
ѻһԺ˲ð˳ͬʱɫΪΪĹ뵱ȻΪǵ˻ȻʲôΣգҶľ½ࡣԼȻ¶ڱ˵ǹ£ԸܺòŹ֡
ѱ˶˰ɣһ£Ҷ˵ԼĲ²⡣ͷƳһ˵Ҷ˵߹жȫ˭˵ʵ
ҶڨڨһЦҲ֪ԼˡЩĵ˾Ǵѵ
ǲ뵽ˣ쵭ڣ漴Ҷ˵ͷٶ˵ֲҪ̫أξˡ
ҶһƲ죬ȻǲԸô˶Է˵ʲôҲҪЩ˳ЩͷȻ浱ľ˻۸ɣ
Ҷ뿪ǱصĹľԣʼ˼ôЩˡʵ춼֪ǱĹҪ׽ŪĵĶ飬ԲŻôһַĺϷҪľǰЩ˶ΣЩ˺úö
ΪĿ󣬱Է쵽ʲôֻҶһȥˣôģͲҶҪǵġ
Ϊ糿Եʣڵģ˵ҰԶĶҲҶǰû־ѻĹߵԵʡһ㿴Ȼϵ࣬Ҹӽ
Ҷ˼Ƭ̣ʹѡػصԷȻ󲻶ɫһΪ鲻£ҪȥױԷ֣ʹɷˣɲҶҪġ
ּʱȻãҶＴʹҪҲ̫תԶ·ֻҪӲͿԹȥһ·ŲŵǰǻҪעµĿ֦֮ġڷսľ飬սʹļɻ¶ԼΡһ㣬Լ
յļһôʰǣҶһ߽Ĺ۲Χһ︹ڵ뵽ҪЩ˵ĳ֣ڻϢأĻҪôࡣ
Ȼֲ治Զ˲ֻˣҶһ٣֪Ǳ߿϶ˣЩǱġȻȸȥƺͻأһֻǾͺܲˡ
㱻֣Ҷϻһ˿亹ҪЩĳ֣㳯ȥءаԼ˻ˣҪȻ⡣
ֶԷķλҶ˵ͺð졣ĵ˹ȥ;רľïܵĵطߣܸõΣԷ֡
Լ˵ЩƤôûߴ·˰ɣ˵ǳ𣿡ſڲݴЩͷĳԱߵͬʵ
졣Լͺȵ漴;ſ


203 ͽ
ʱҶպó˵вһգӶڲ棬ѹԼûע⡣
ԼʱˡȻǻƤӣЩòҲûʲôõİɡ
飡һʿصĲݴһҶܿǰ
ҶϷʵĿǸǰЩĿɿڴĺڿͷ¶һ˿Ц
ʲôˣΪʲôҪ͵ϮǡЩŤǹʵͻȻ֣ǹϵĴԼǸɾжԼֱ۹ؽڡ
ǲڵڲʶˣҶﵭһЦӢ˵켣Ӷ꣬ĺܶԣȻ̸ϾͨճĽȫû⡣
ҶĻ¶һ˿Щ˾ȻԼˣǲźۼԼߡ
ˣôֻǿЦǲЩˣԴǵ˵ǺܷŭӡȴԼڵĴڻ鱻˴ΣԼ˫۸Ǳж˹ؽڣûһ˿ս
Ҷ¶̣ЩаЦҲڿЦѵһ±ĲɣҶһ٣СһġΪԼҪˣû뵽˸ҪĳЩˡҪľ˳ԱˣڳԿ»˼˵ֻǿЦ浱ɵȱ
ңжˣ򡭡Ҷ˳һ󣬶вʽҪǺߵĻش⣬Ҫˡ
һˣܾô׾ͷȻʱЩɵҶֶΣ뵽Լͽ϶к³˵ѲŹǻع˹Ҳùûκһһһͽһ̫ˡ
Ƥӣ㻹Ǳѹˣǲġ뵽һʱǿӲȻⲻҪһٿͷܺù
Ҷ΢΢һü֪˺߻ô˵ǰ֮вߣǱźСϣĵıôᶨȻǲ˵ʲôˡ
ͼȻ˵˯һɣڻ᲻ᱻ·Ұ޵ͣͲҪĵˡҶа˵һƵںߵĲҲ̱ȥ
鷳ԺҶ뿪˲ݴԣŸȥ֪ʱ䲻ϵ̫ȻԷ϶ỳɵġҪЩģһ˾Щ鷳ˡ
Ҫ֪ʿûȥأϵսǲʹõģЩˣõĶϰеǹ֧Щǹ֧ȻûɱǴϻ¸㡣һҪǻ˵أ϶ź㣬ôͲǶ˵ˣǶˡ
úҶٴһǱľѻ֣һﵹЩŹͷˡһ˳ֲ˵ûжԼΡȻӲҶħצһѯ֮£Ҷûпڵ˼Ҳʧȥģ˾˲ݴ
֮ԽӽݴԣΪҶﲻıҰ޳ԵˣЩ鷳ˡˬ鲻ˬЩδԼĻ飬ҶﵱȻܰЩ˵ˡ
һ·ȥҶһʰʮ֮࣬Щ޲ǱҶһһιȥڸɵЩԺͺܳʱûˡĬһʱ䣬Ҷ֪ȥһСʱ֮ࡣۿеҪɢˣҶ￪ʼ
ûȻ벻ɫĿԷͲôˡϾǿǿЩҲƲ硣ǰսҶᵽˡһ˺ѷѽ⣬ö๦
˼һµƣҶȥǰ취İ취ˡ˼ûһͷսģʽ̫ˡ
ҶǹòˣԷȴϰǹȻϲʹҶеû˿ȤȲ˵еζٶ֣ҲǶġ
һƽĽҶ׻Ȼʾ뽫Щһץʱ򱻴ľͲǻˣʼٸᡣ
Ҷһһ⣬Ĳ⽵ࡣʱһӰǰĲݴ˳һЦĿҶ
ãԻĵѣܳЩȣҵĶӦǱ˰ɡŵڨڨһЦڴк
ŵͻȻ֣ԴҶǲ졣ܿ˺ߵ뷨¶һ˿Ц漴˵ΪֻһĳͬҸеȡ
˱ŵһ˿ɫܿͱ˹ȥ鷢չһû뵽ġôȥˣ˽ʣԼһܽΣĶĶ顣Ҫ֪ˣǾͱѵ̧ͷˡ
Ҷ˵Ȼһ㶼ŵֻܴԼ̡
˵˵ɣαҶЩȤҶЦһΪʤߵһӦе̬ȻЩŰĸо᲻عȣûҪͶԷӡ
ŵɫöҪγˮΪĶӳȻԼĽαҶﲻźۼáвŭǼٵġ¼Ȩ֪ڲԼˣֻܷŵ̬пܴﵽĿġ
ĵѣΪԼǰΪʾǸϣõԭ£ϾδһʱڣǻҪսҲ뽫ֽɣŵɫһϿҵ˵
Ҷһ΢΢һЦҡҡͷ˵õҵԭ£ҿɲҵǼȻӦ֪ɣ㲻ںЩ𣿡
ŵԣɫһ䡣Ҷǲʹ˷ŹԼ뵽治ʼȺһȺ˱˼ʰ˸ɾͷʲô
Ӧ֪ոҪ߳Ѿǹ˰ɡŵƽ˵ʵ֮µ룬Ҷ̸С
ҶЦһСһ㿴ŵһǰ׳˻
㲻Ǿҵһɣŵ٩ҶװĲš
ŵһ仰˶ˣϸһƬ֮ɫаԼ޴˵ⲻҳͬʱЩҶˣҪǰͱôҶﶪΣԼҵȷʵҪ⡣
ĵѣԭҵ޴㿴ϵ۵ķϣԭǡŵ˵ľһ죬ҪǻһˣҶ˵̸ֱˡ
ҶüͷһһϵŵҲ˼ûд뷨˵ֻǹѡô˵ЩڲúԼսҪ˺߶á
ͽҲԣǵôӦһҪ󡣡Ҷﵭ˵Լ
ŵأҶô˵ʱмĿҪ޳ˣҪҶߣҪڵϻʮָлϵˡ
ͽ⣬һҪͽ⡣˵ɣֻҪһӦ㡣ΪԵʣŵ˵Щ״ȻǰĴС


204 רŴ
һ롣Ҷ˼״ŵθ
ŵһһʱܲⶼʲôˣռҲûҪҰɣôҲó㹻ĳ⣬ĲֺĿǹҵĸŵҶĶˣֻǵµĴֻǿеͷ
ҶﰵЦһиӿֳȤζӣ浱ĻǰĻӽ첻㣬ôܶԵ֪үͷмֻ۾˰ɣ
һող˵еҪͺһܡҶа룬ͷһʱĵ˵ͷԼܹαļһһ٣õνĹꡣ
ˣֻҪҴһ͵ûôҶﵭ˵ȴ¶һ˿ƻɫڿѾںˣ͵ˡҪͬˣӾܺݺݵһ٣Ȼôܳأ
˵ģŵһŵʵΪҶҪʲôֵû뵽˵ҪԼһܣ̲סʼԼǲˡ
ϻˣҪһܣ˵ͬͬ⣬ҪǲͬҾû취ˡҶε̯̯֣˵ѾܴˣҪǶͬ⣬Ҿֻܰͱȥˡ
ͬ⣬Ȼͬ⡣ŵæʧĵͷĺ¿ǺֻǴһܾܽԼͷʹ飬ͬɵˡٿҶ壬͸ûѹˡһԼĶѣ϶͵ϮģھȻսĻˡ
ǾͱϻˣǿʼɡҶɬ촽ôϷè׽˼ŵԼУȻҶı顣
ͬʱҶڳһ׼ĸŵһɫһǵӦǰս飬ŵܵĶӳûӵġ
Ҷ￴ź׼ˣһһȭʹ˹ȥʱڵһ˳׻˵˲Ҷһȭȴֱߵк
ܵҶȭͷķŵһ˿֣ءһƫͷù˺ߵĹͬʱȭػ֮ȻҶؿڡ
Ǹ񶷵мңŵȻ֪ҶΪʲôԼĹȴйоءкܶطǱȽϴģؿھһһ˵ؿܵػͺпܶʧȥսŵһĿĺȷ
ҰҶôţֻٵĽսȻɶļһԶԶġڱ飬ԺеǻᣬûҪһʱ
ңҶЦһһ࣬ùһȭ˫Ͳȵ档һҲǽŷһԾһߵŴ
ŵ֮£˫أǰγһ˫ӲҶһšҶһ¶һ˿浱ǳԸɷģֱ۵ҵĽţš
ʯ֮䣬Ҷһںߵֱϡߵֱ۴ʱһŵκ˵ͬʱ̲סһƺߡ
֪ԼǴˣβǿ׳ĻˣȻı濴һŵеӳ׷£صĶԴα
ҶһŽǵˣȥæǰٶսһ˫ò֡
̹٣Ҷôûлһߣڹľŵ޾죬ЩĵʵϾҶѾȥһʱˣһϢûУ˵Ǽٵġ
΢΢һЦ˵û£ҪˣͲҶˡʵô˵ԭģȻҶʵǻûäĿĵزؼǰǸѻûٴηףҶ϶ǵˡΪʲôôʱ䣬Ȼַ֪鲻ô׵ģҪҶһͽԷǾ̫ˡ
̹٣ǲǺҶ찡ܸܲ͸¶㡣޾ٺһЦʼ쵭һֱۣĴڣŪ޾òΡ
쿪ʼҶദòʮɣ޾Ϊú˵ˡողŸҴԣڿȻġ
Ҷ׼սƻͻȻҶԼ飬ҪԼæѵһ޾̲סʵ
޾һЩֵʵ̹ô֪飬ѵҶģֻҶɺԼ֪ô֪ģ
⣬⣿Ļصˣܺ޾˵Ѿܲˡ֪ûһİ׳ܲμӵƻҶǿ˰ɣ
޾һ첻ˣ¶亹Լǳᰡ漴ڨڨĻصҾΪķߡ޾֣£鲻ǿЦģûбҪš
쵭Ŀһ޾źۼĵ˵ͷȻе⣬սľͦģΪƻһԱǲԡ
ȻңҪһЩ쵭˵޾һ仰ʲôǲμӵƻΪʲôҪ̽ң
ô㲻Ը⡣쿴ߵı飬ʱƵʵ޾һԼ뷨ˡ֪Ҫ̬ĴݲУ˵ʲôҲȥŪʲôƻ
һǲԸⰡҲԸʲôã޾ŭΪԼŲƽȴϽ˵Ը⣬н̹ٽҶҸ˻أôܲԸ⡣Ȼô˵Ǳȿ޻ѿЦݣʵĻЩ
ҪǲԸ⣬ͷƻɡҪһֻһû˿ε˵еĻҶһѾ˫Ҫǿ鷲ôϺߵݡ޾³Կ࣬ԸǿԼѧϰ죬ֻ۵ҶƻҲΪһЦ
޾ô˵һ󷢺죬иŭ˭ﶼῪģŲѾǺܲˡȻоĻЩԣ޾ȴ֪仰
̹٣Ըѵϧһдۡ޾һ˿ǲɵζ΢΢һû뵽һﻹһ档һֱΪǸͷһȵˡո֮ԼԷҪķӦڿ޾һЩȡ֮ġ
ϣ˵쵭˵漴ͽͷתһߣ޾
ͬʱҶŵսҲǽ˰Ȼ״̬ʱŵҶĿԶΪ£ѾǱסʱѾ֪ҶģȻĽսŵʵ벻ʲô취
ŵ򵹲ȫԿ׹ԺҲʼҶк׻˵ҲŵôҲΪԼһڶ
Ҷֻоһˬëı׵˵ʵʹ졣ȻԼҲ˲ʣҶǰһˡ
ˡһսҶû˿һƨڵϣŴ˵
ʱŵҲһ޺޵ĿһʹĳˡһȻӦͱȥڰԼŪͱȥʲôѵԼڷﲻȥ˰ɡ
ǻˣĺաŵ˵Ҳº߷ˣΪиоҶﲻˡ
ҶٺһЦҲֻǿ˵֪ǻѶԸԺͱǣǱ˴˱˴ˡ
ŵһû˵Ҷǳ鴤һ£ȴû˵ʲô鲻ô˵ԼĴڳԿֻܹĶѼˡҶŹԼѾ御ˡ
Ӧ飬һġˣԼȥңܿһ㣬ЩҪǱҰ޳Եˣû㡣ҶﵭһЦվԶȥ콻ԼԲˡԼҲûȥˡôʱˣٲȥ˵ᵣĵġ
ŵҶ뿪ıӰ¶˼ı飬󵭵һЦ


205 ѵ
˳ԭ·أҶܿͻصǰĲֵ֮ĳ֣˿ûε˼쵭һЦ֪Ҷǰˡ
ûʲôɣҶԵ࣬쿪ʵ
Ҷ΢΢һЦ˵ˣëӵˡȻûʶԷݣҶбҪ˵һ£ϾһֱϢ϶ǲ֪Էݡ
Ҷô˵̲סüϸŭû뵽βμ߹ѵûط⵽˺ߵİ㣬ЩҪûյӵİʾ϶ôɡ
ôˣԼ治֪Ҷ϶Ҳʹ죬һ̫˽ˣͲǸµȻǰͶߣЩĵʵ
ҶﵭһЦǰ˵һ飬˵ŵʱ򣬸ؽܵԷжңȻԼϵˡ
Ҷô˵ҲǷ˸Ǵʹ졣һ˽СʱвǼٵģҪ첻ŻǺ޲ȥͶԷˡ
ˣ·ɡ˽±𴫳ȥȻȥָ˵Ψ²ҵӣû˵
һٴ̣ȻûʲôΣˣ˳ѵءʱſѾվһЩˣӣҶ֪Щǳӭӵġ
ЩĻǼ⣬ֱĹҪˡϾڽʱҶҪģҪ˭˭ǾͲжˡ
ã콫ӭѵأεָ÷أʧԶӭʧԶӭһһվһžװǰ˵
ϻ΢Цæص÷ؽˣˣͺ֣໥ʾѺá
˫һѣҲǷ׷֡ͨ÷صĽܣҶҲ˽жɳԱ˻ֱ֮ᣬӢ־˹̫ԼӡȰ
߸ңʵȴǴŵǿĳ̶ȣǾôǾ´ǲСҶδ֪ǵʲô߹صĶԴһʱҶҲû˵ס
ʿȥϢɣΪʱԭҪһ飬½ľˡѹ÷ؾ֣ص˵еչ¶šĻȻᷴԣܿ͵˵ͷ漴ֽҶȥϢ
һ˸÷ָɵרṩһסǷ۲һ֮Ҷ﷢ķ䲻٣ȻȫʱļסǱ֮Ŀ϶࣬һ˼һһ䶼Ǵ´ˡаͷĵǺܲ߹˹ˡ
ҶȻ޾סһ䣬Ҳܿѡס䣬Ҷ￪ʼĻ˳һûͷ߼ʲôġȻֶ֪ڵļʺܵͣҶﻹϸĲһ飬Ū޾ҶöΡ
Դ䣬ṩˮ衣ڹô˵ҲǸͨݱ䱸ˣԴҶﻹǺġ¾㱸ֻǷˡȵƾ֪ôˡ
֮£Ҷﻹ޾һأ˳㻹ܺ˵˵ƻˡ˵ԵʣѾˡ֮£ҶҲֻڴϡҲЩˣǱͧ϶ȹûϢãǺһȺë˴죬˵Ǽٵġ
ǽϵʱ䣬ŵ㡣Ҷһ¸ɴԼҲ˯һˣһ˯˻˳Ը
СʱԺҶﱻӵѣЩ˯ۣҶ﷢޾ỹ˯أһ㶼ûҪ˼ոյӦҪҶһ£ǰ޾ѡ
һţ˶ĳˣ˶һû˯ѵӡҶﵭһЦŲķȥǰǸ˵ʿѾܹһЩҪȥעҲ˵ú
һʱ򣬷źܶˣѾ˿ʼòˣ󲿷˻Ŷӡ˿ⳡҶεҡҡͷôﶼҪŶӣҲ̫˰ɡ
룬ҪԵġ׻˵Ǹ֣ôҲܺͷȥ
ҶҷкܶĴڣ㿴ǱߺרŹӦĻĲ˰ɡ޾˵Żָָ˺ö˵ĴڡҶһˣǻĲΪʲôôŶӡٿЩˣƤģƤģƤĶС
Ҷ̲סЩˬ˻ҪҪȥԼҵĴڳԷʲô˼ǲϲţ𣬻⼸ǲȥԹԵĳ˾ܹʲô֣
ҶҪҪȥӣЩһƾʲôռǵĴڡ޾Ψ²ҵ嵽ܿӮ˵һͬҶ￴һķӦ̲סЦһ
ٳɿҶûӦ˵壬ʲôԹȥŶӣ˭ҪǸҲӣ˿ɲҪܻҰ֡˼ٳô˵ҲǳĬ
ٿҶһѾ͵͵ȥŶˣһȺ˶ʱҶ޳ܣ˵ͬʱҲǷɿ˹ȥ
ĵȴҶŪʳһʳҶɧ˦ͷ޾ǰŵ߹⣬ɧıֶʱûŶӵ˲޾ֱӣĶҶϵӣƺʱᡣ
һⷴӦҶһ£æ·Ⱥ̫޳ˣȻԼòŪʳ޾СӵԽԽˣͷһҪҸѵѵ
Ҷһ·˸ɾɲɵģŵʿǸı׵ŵ򣬺ȻС
ʱŵҲҶɫ˲Ͳÿϵ˿ڣҲӻˡҶһϷʵĿԼŵһͷķ
Ҷ￴ԷķӦЦһͷеζܿҲõʳ׷Ҷ£Ϊ㹻Եʣʮһ𣬵ûгλòΡ
޾ҪٸҶʳұ֤ȥ㡣ĳЩ˵ĿɳΪҶ޿ˣ·ŭĿ˵ϧĳЩȻ֪˵Ŀյһļȣ֮˾ȻٳɡԴˣҶֱˡⶼʲôˣҲչʾһҵǲлҾˣҪ͵ҵʳôĺ
ΪС͵ԽԽԭҶеʳһٶʧʵеްˡÿҶվ˵ʱͻĿ˼ֻҪʲôǾѾġ
źúǰԭҶֻѹӣٴε˴ڣһЦ
СӣôҪô࣬ɲ˷˰ʳĲס򷹵ǸĴ衣ҶڶҪô࣬ʱʼ߶߶
ҶڨڨһЦ˰亹ⶼʲôӰô˶ԣ֪ǰͷܿһ
Ҫ㣬ǧײһҪʱȻԿĿ϶ԼҶȥǰϿһ仰뵽вޣҶ·ĴȻǹ˲ˡ
Ҷǲǵˣôֱ𣿡޾Ϸʵ˵Ǳô֪ʣҶ޲ھ


206 ʲôвҪ
ҶԷʱ򣬲ԶĻȴǳİ˸㿴ңҿ㣬˭Ҳ˵
ҪǶû飬ôʱڣǾͰ׷Ĭ󣬼û˵λõ÷صڡ
һڣЩɧҶǾ˳Ȼᵱ÷ؿЩ˵ķӦӶһۣźۼĵͷ
ʱĦ˹˵ǴҾֱһ°ɣ÷ؽһ˴ƱÿһƱһƱҪаͬ⣬ôִɡ
Ħ˹ô˵첻źۼһڳ˭֪÷ˣܲͬ⣿ƱټĳЩʵĹӣͶͶƱʲô
Ȼô룬ǳĳЩԭ˵˵캦ʲôĳЩֻ᲻Դ˵ԴҶûô
ͶƱĽܿͳ޳ɷƱζǰľͨˡ
ȻѡģôǾѡ׷ɡΪ˸õʿǵսˮƽ쿪ʼڽʱڡ߹ʿһԹΪλĴսΧΪҴʿμ񣬶ǲͻع÷ص˵ʽ顣
Ȼв⣬Ѿ嶤飬һҲı䲻ʲôڱŷԼʿμʿս߸ǿģ첻òʵ
ȻˣɢᣬһһȥͲͰɡ÷΢Ц˵
ֽǿΪкǲƽ糿飬̲ס˵÷ؽһЩҪ˵뽫ʱӺ󡣡
÷ԣЩѿһøжûУڸղţһﷴԼľ飬ͶƱгַ
뵽ҲЩ䵭ЩмʵŶ㻹ʲô飬ǾͿ˵ɡ
һ漴˵ڸո·ϣǻĶܵʿķϣʹ¼Ħ˹ܸһ͡
컰һڣɫЩһոճжһĶҩذըһ׳Ħ˹ĺ÷صɫûѿࡣӵֱ˵û뵽ġģڻʿ㣬һºߵ档û뵽ɳȥ˲ݣ˺ܶࡣ
ŶȻ飬ô֪÷εĺܺãƤһҲ֪ӡ漴пĦ˹˵Ħ˹˵˵ô顣
÷صƣĦ˹¶һ˿Ц֪ߵݣΪжܸˡҪͷϱⶥñӣôʧȥеһսԲΥҪǳͷˣĦ˹Ҫط
һԴǣĦ˹ֻڨڨ˵򽫾϶ˣεȷʵ֪ģǲȥ󷽣ȥѲ߶ѡ
һĦ˹˵ǣһ䶼šһѻ棬ôǸС
ѲߣĦ˹˵Цɣ֪ʿΪʲôϰѲߣңϰˣҿЩˡֱԲ䣬˿˼ɫԽԽѿ÷ء
Ħ˹Ѿ亹Ѿ֪˵ʲôˣֻܰĿͶ÷ء
÷زźۼĵĦ˹һۣҲ֪ûл˵ˣһ÷صĿ˵ȻϰʿһûʲôˣҿôҹˣϾҾһΪ˰º޹ؽҪС£ҿǲҪˡ
һ⻰еŭЩѹֲסˣҪֳϣͷˡ÷ҪΪû뵽߰ѻ˵̶ϣѾûҪ˵ȥˡΪ֪Լ˵ʲôԷҲԱġ
뵽һվ뿪˻ңͬʱǰͶ˷ƱļҲվ˳ȥȻЩ˶ҲǺܷŭ
÷ؿ뿪ˣЦһȻкʣһȥԷʵǷٴĴҲ鷳ţΪֻҪ㹻ڵİ׵Ļ˵ʲôʲô
Ҷ뿪󣬾һ·صסʱŷɫѿվǰƺڵǡ
Ҷߵı鲻ԣ֪϶£͸ٳʹ˸ɫǰȥ
ǸҽЩҪ˵ûлָЩ䡣Ҷһ㶣ɻĿһٳɣ˾͸߽˷䡣
̹٣ǲǷʲô飿ٳɼ첻˵ֻɫıţ̲סʵ
쿴һˣ̾˿ͽǰĻݳһ顣
ɣôܱɴսˣĳҶٳͬʵȻĻǸоǲ졣˵õѵͻȻսȻϰʱ佻սҴˣ
Цһ֪˻ַӦʵԼҲܽ顣ˣòûѡڻж˲μ񣬾ֻܿʵ˵ˡ
ʵһЩһĵǵʵЩҵĶɨ켺챾˵뷨ΪĻĵĶѹ󣬵ʱ̫ηηβ뵽ҶҪٵ⣬вò˵
һ
ҶЦһ¶һĨ˵̹٣Ҿ⵹һ⣬Ҫָϵͳ϶ͳһ͸ǿɳ֮˵ˣǲҲңڿ϶˺һᡣ
û뵽Ҷ˵ⷬϸ˼һ£Ҷ˵ûвɵðͷ֮֮Լ뵽˰ֻҪ֮٣ԼΪʲôͲҡܿ뵽һ⣬ǾڻûϵļƻԻĵԵúܱ
˵ûڲ֪Ĵ㣬ҲھͳϱĹҡ˵еǡҶһҲüͷ⵹Ǹ⣬ҪԼ飬ǲ̫á
ǿսӦ䰡ǾϣûҲصʲôٳɼæڣ˵е뷨
Ҷһ⻰ÿС¾Ͷ˵ļƻ
һ飬˵һ¡˼Ƭ̣ٶȿڡ
ҶԾɫһȴźߵġ
ղŻϣҰ糿˵ˡǡͽǰһĻ˵˳ҲûʲôͼӴףΪ÷غĦ˹ıѾ㹻޳ˣҪٶʲô
ҶЦһвЩЩıû뵽жտʼͳ顣һٶıڲҶǱһɻ
ǰ֮׷ŹŵŲõĽҪԲֽϧԼΪֿǣĳЩ˸ͲЩ¡
ƺ̫ʴһЩʱóֶˡҶЦѣֵûԵ±Թг𱨳ԹԹȻ棬ҲܶԷú档


207 Ƶͼ
̹٣ģȻսʼһǳԵͷٳɷŭ˵һٶ޳ΪʵЩ̲ˣʱ˵ʲôҲøԷһЩɫơ
ٳô˵ҶæͷʾԼҲ֧쿴˵ı֣ҲǶת磬ЦЩе׾ˣôǵ飬ûһǲΥ涨
˵꣬Ҷ˶һۣ󵭵һЦô˵ȻĬǵľֻ֧֣Ҫͱ¨ӣ϶⡣
ϸ˹滮һΪ컹ûгԹԵʣҶٳɺܿ뿪ķ䡣ص䣬Ҷ﷢޾һﾹȻ˯ϲ¶һ˿Ϸ
Сø˱ﻹҰȵ˯ҲĴ󰡡
Ҷţͻƣݺݵںƨϡ޾˯㣬Ҷһȥʱ˹һĻЦҶ˶ʱˡ
Ҷʲôܲ˯ˡ޾Щߣ˵ùʲô˯ᣬ黻˭ġ
Ҷһ˿ƻ󲻻Ŀ޾˵ôˣԻҵð㳤ˡ˵ŻҶͿǰһ޾һˣ˭˭ң˯Ҳˣ
һʱ޾оԼǱԩܿ뵽ʲôֱı飬ҲǱЩˡ
Ҷ˵Ҳǹ㷹ģǸоﷹȽ㣬Ҳûסġ뵽ԼʲôطҶˣ޾æ͵һӡ
Ҷ￴żһֺֺЦⶼʲôˣû»£֪պαصءţͿȥǼƷҪֵĽࡣ
磬ҴˣǴˣԺ϶ˡ޾һﵹҲЩĬϸҶе˿ƻǱ׽ˣ֪ҶŻԼ˳źߵ˼ȥ
ҶһķӦʱùЦðŷӦ޾˽ģôȵķӦȻװˡ
һЦ֮Ҷϵıڻָ漴˵˲ˣ˵¡
޾һϵЦҲ˵ͷʾҶ˵
εѵ˴սҲ˵߸ҵĶλʱܣϺ˻֣ͬʱʧȥμʸ񡭡ҶﻺԼ⣬޾ȻЩšҶﲻ˵ѵӣǽܵʵҶĴ㣬۾Ҳ΢΢ȻܺݺݵİëһҲǺڴġ
Ҷǽʲô㣬ܾܲ͵쿪ʼɣ޾˼һ£˵
ҶһµĿʵǲʲô뷨˵޾һЦȴ뷨뷨Ŀܴ֮󡣲ҶôȤǴӡ
˵սϣʲôҪ
Ҷһ֪ӣ޾ʵ⣬ȻھͻصսҪ鱨
޾һҶô˵ʱʼҶһǸط˼άô鱨ǺҪսϡǾͶʮˣвμսҲһʮѣٶ鱨ʲôá
ѵ鱨˵˵ˡҶЩ죬Ҳ˱޾ӵ飬æ׷ʵ
޾һЦ°͸΢΢һƲ˵СͶսϰУڵε˽Ҫģûв´Ļ֯ṩװһĸ鱨㲻ΪǶʮȫȥ鱨ɡǿֱӺ鱨һ㣬ֻҪѵθԽս϶Ķࡣ
޾ķҶҲǿ϶˵ȫİĻ¶Կ֯ǲṩ鱨ģһֻܿԼΪԭȻܰɳȥ鱨ԵϤ̶ȾͺҪˡһ£ҪǼܶԵȫգôǳˣǲǶܷ㡣
˵ûȷʵҪϤΡҶԵ˵϶޾һ˵ܿͷˣͨǰĹ۲죬ƽǧףҪѵȫռԺȻǲܵġ
ͼҶкȻ뵽ʲô˷ܵĴе԰ǲ»ֻܻҪܽͼⲻͽ
㿪ˣΪӦóȥ۲ΣȻһŵͼ޾һɸֵ˵ҶʱžʵʩƻȻûע⵽Լٴα˵顣
ȥٳһ°ɣֻƾǰ첻ģü˵Ҷһ˵޾Ȼ֮Ҫһġ
˺ܿͳţٳɵķ䡣ٳɼһԼвЩ졣
ΪʱޣƵͼʱ顣ҶҲÿףֱ˵е뷨ٳɺܿͬˣսһЩһЩ׼ǺҪģʵǰҲǰʲô
Ǹ£Ǻͽ̹ٺϼһ£Ȼ󼯺˳ȥҷַλ̽һƬȻ˻ͼƴһ𣬾Ϳˡٳ˵Լ뷨ҶȻǵͷӦԭģҲҺߵԭ
ȥķ䣬֮ĵ˵ͷƵͼֱ޵һżܣ޷ʵʩܿ˷ȥ졣
뿪ķ䣬˾Ϳʼţհ˼һ
ڰѴҼҪһ顣Ǿѵľˣ쿪ʼǽΪܵĴսҶｫ渵˻Ƶͼ飬˾Ǻ£׷״Ӧ
ȻǶͬ⣬Ҿ˵˵ʵƻһʮˣΪ⡣һΪλղͬλΪʮÿһ鸺̽һ򣬵ͼϾͻȻƴӵͼоһЩҪսĵطҪرעһЩɽЩطʺ֮ĶҪصע
Ҷ˵˾İţ˾ܺȻûвͬġһܿͻֳʮÿΪһλԵ
һʰ֮󣬻ĹжԱ뿪ѵءȻǵжһЩ˷ˣЩҲֻǳȥй䡣Ҷ޾һ·УԼĻֵȥ
Ҷ˵Ҫõ˵ͼǲǺմ⣬ʱ˭˭޾һ߸·һ˷ܵ˵ŵʱôŪĶ顣
Ҷһ£΢΢ҡͷϴ̫ˣοӾӢ۵ĵط
һ˻뵽ġа̾һҶﻹǳ˵ȻЩ޾ʶԼܸõӦһС޾ʱԴ
޾һһ֪Ҷ˵ġͼֻǲڱ˺档ȴǵȱ˸߶١
޾˵ŻʱҶȻû뵽ԼĻôӦˡʱѾҵĶԱ뿪ѵأֱᣬ˹Լ־ңỹûжܾܲ쵽ʲôǾǸδ֪ˡ
һСʱҶ˽Ȼֵ򣬽ĿƵĹˡȻһ֣Ǿʮ֮һҲźܴһƬΪʱԵʣȻû˼ֻһĿš
ͬʱҲǷӦԱ׷׳ϵҲǲƺսѾһ㡣


208 ƻ
ҶǱߺиɽҪǽȥ޾ָԶߴľڱ˴ĵط˷ܵ˵
Ҷԣ˳޾ָȥǲ١ĵһɽ˵˷Ǽٵġ
ߣȥ˵ŻҶͼӿŲɽȥ
˽ɽ͹۲ɽӦǵؿǱ仯γɵģѨ
ڵһһ۾ܾ۵ףҶ￴ˣ̲סҡҡͷ˵طУʱ굹ǲҪɾݵ㣬ǿ϶еġ
޾һ˵ͷֹһ˿ʧҪҸݵ㱾ѣòһռ޴ȻܶȴǲҪ󡣶һһ۾ܿû͹ʯԳ䵱¡ߣȻɽĿԣϧ̫ǳҪǱ˷ˣ׽
߰ɣңӦġҶ̾˿˵ͺ޾ŵΣ޾ǲʱֽϻϼʡ
ʱƣҶ˽Ľֵ򿱲ϡʧǣһֱûҵʵĵص㣬Ϊʱľݵ㡣һҶͷʹ
սʱ䣬Ǿζ˶ҪڴܡǲˮԴʳﶼҪԼ취ҪӮյʤͱҵһʵľݵ㡣Ҷ˵ĻǣˮԴɽռ㹻㹻ҪʯᾣγȻϡ
ĵطĴҶҲЩ
ǻȻȥɣô϶зĵط˵ҵˡ޾˿ɫҰο˵ҶһҲǣżûõģſģ˵ջ
˵Ż˾׼ȻȥٿʱǰԶһ֨֨Ҷһ£͸޾ʹ˸æ
˸ʱǰĹսǴͳӰҶ͸ľԵķ϶Ҷ￴Щ˵װ磬¶һ˿Ц޾ıҲЩϷ
ԩ·խû뵽ЩСӣҶҪҪȥϷŪϷŪ޾һЦѯҶ̫ˣھҵûһ˿øУȻ̸ϣ޾ÿοҵˣһְѶԷһٵĳ嶯
Ҷ΢΢һüӰ˸ȻЩ˵̶˿޾ȲҪʰǳ飬ڻʱ򡣡ɫһҶﻹǷ޾顣ϰԿûпʼҪԼЩһ٣϶鷳
ˣͷŹǡԺȴˣһݺݵĳ޾ˬҲ֪ڲʱֻʱеĴ㡣
̫ʿ뿪ˣҶ޾߳ĲݴԡǲЩ˿ֻȨ֮ƣΪ˸ԷһõļҶԼڲݴһֵá
ȥ·ϣûʲôˡҶ΢΢˿뵽пЩûӦԭɣЩҪ̭ˡҶȴ֪Ѿ߽һʵĿǰйҶˣû̫ˣΪЩѡ
صסʱҶ﷢ѾС˻ˣûҲʣĸСˡһЩ˾Ծľһ˽æк
Ҷôôǲʲô֡лٴһڴȻûʲô԰ϣ˱ϡ
ҶЦ˵Ҳûʲô˵ͼûʲôջˡлٴһһĬȻжʼѹˡְҵˣڴսϤǶ׾ݵҪԡҪӵһݵ㣬ǳǾضǺġһڷ絲ã͸ڱֶԱʹսиõطӡ
ٳôûҶ￴ɨһȺɻʵ
лٴһ˵ӦûڿŰɣȻͻˣԸʣµְɡҶһ⻰Цŵ˵ͷͬЩˣȻѹûôء
вμӻսĹҶһȫİĵطҪǻĶûֵܷĶҿ϶Ҳʲôջ񡣱ϾԼǽ쵽˿췶ΧЩ˵ľʣֹؼȻ©ʲôҫֶھ˵ģǶʤΪ⡣
ȴʱҲڼ䣬ʣµĸСҲǽһٳɡһһſӵ˶Щˣ漴ͿĵЦ
ٳɣһϲӣǲʲô£Ҷ֪ʣӺߵı鿴϶ֵġȻٳһ⣬żСЩ֣ͨǵҶﻹǲ̫⡣
Щ˷ֵɽҪôԶˮԴҪôǿռСЩܻɽȻΪݵҪ
ٳɵһЦ°͸߸˵ǻ˵үԳǻֵ顣ȻӺǷ⣬Ҷﻹס˰һٵĳ嶯
ٳɣСӻǱˣл˵ƨţʡĻҪ˷㡣޾ɧû꣬ʱˬв
ٺٺ١ٳɸЦһ漴˶˵ȷʵһɽȫΪݵҪ󣬲Ӧ˵ȻܶкֲܶڣԹһҾҹ۲죬طŲڣҪܰطռʱܽɹ˿أʵڲֱ·ҲǺõġ
Ҷһ΢΢һüȻʵ˵ҲطոٳҪռõǾҪ˼ôһʡ
ٳɿЦһ˵ȴǱĹҷֵģܶͷģӢĶ顣ٳɶ˶ֽ˵ط̫ˣ϶ᱻҷֵġҹĹҶǳȥˣԡ
ٳɵ˼ȷطǺãǱôҶţһǲռݵġ
˼ǷҶ̧ͷٳɣɲ˵Ļ
ٳһһ˿漴м˵ΪʲôҪһսĵػǴԻһٿ⡣ڴ֮ǰһʱҲɴﵽĿġ
ٳô˵Ҷʱéٿĸоν벶ȸںԼȫĵĵţڴ֮ǰȰѱĵطݵ㡣
ٳɣƽʱһӣû뵽ôաαװ̫ˣԺһԶһ㡣޾Щƣͼһ£ٳɿ˭һǰһǷӡ⻰һڣʱһЦ
Ҷ￴һߵٳɣҲ̲סЦû޼ɵô˵ҲǸСӳͷûҪעġ
ˣҶһǰѻĵͼóǸһ¡Ҷɿһʾ˲ҪˣЦЦڰҪ
ԣʱֹסЦ糿Ҷһ˽飬ҶһʼĵִҲǼࡣ
˽ͼóһʮţƴһ𣬶ʱγһŴĵͼӦþȫò˰ɡ
ͼĺܳɹˡͷǻѵʱ䣬»һĵͼҲһ죬ȥϢɡٳɿƴһĵͼ˵ͷ˵
뿪ҶٳɶһۣĬվķȥ


209 ͻ
ǻˣҶٳɽæʵʵĶĬĵ˵ͷ漴һԵ
ٳõһԴǣ˵̹٣ͼŪˣֻһԵݵɽҲˣ̹٣㿴Ǹô죿
ԣ΢΢һü¶˼ıúٴγʵӦЩɣȰǵ뷨˵˵
Ҷ΢΢һЦ˵ǴɽۻȵʱˣҸѾݵ£Ϊáһ΢ɲҡҡͷһֱע˻Ƿˡ
˶һۣоŲѵʲô
̹٣뷨𣿡Ҷ̲סʵƽĶۣ취ʵãˣԾ֮ʦոƣ֮УһҲû
쵭һЦ˵ǵ뷨ȷʵûдҪƽʱƲߵкܴʵԣڲСһβμӻսܹ߹140ʿ˵һ㶼ŵĻһʮ˶Ǿ֮еľ񣬾˴֮ʵ࣬ԲҪռ˵ǸһΪʸ֮ġ˵껰Ŀһۡ
ҶʱҲЩɵˣ룬ֻҪ벶ȸںϷܽ飬ûǵ顣ͻȻ
ǰһһʮֻ֮࣬ռ߷֮һǸͷۣҲֵܵô˵Χ뵽Ҷϵ亹ˣҪԼҪ水ǰ뷨ʵˣ롣
̹٣ȻռطӦô죿ٳɴлָæʵҶﲻҲ죬ؼġ
쵭һЦ˵ս˵ӣ漼С˵׽Բأνλսһŵô㳲һдԶǧ
λսҶһƺһЩ뷨йңҪ˭ܽλսȫǳǻĪ˵ɫоλսרңôľ˾λսڡڶսʱڣľ˾ͽλսﵽĽĵزǸʵȫȵĿսʱڣս𲽽ƣн̫ϳ˹
ӦöӴλսѧϰɣõķҽϸ롣̹Ȼ˵εĶԿϰȫɶԼӣṩκΰ
ҶһæͷȻҲϿսھʵУҶְҵ˳Ȼ⡣
Ҹ˵˵ϰϸڣʱΪܣڼ䣬ǲܻصѵأֱ̭⣬ɱ˵һ֡֯ÿ콫սµҩÿֻͶ㣬ҩޣᡣȻҲԽɻֵĲҩ⡣ʳˮ֮⣬ҪԼ
ô˵ĵ˵ͷͲµˣڣвûʲôҶţŪʳԴⷽ֡
һҪѵͼƴӡ⵹ûѵоһ飬ܲΪṩʲô
˽ͼ뿪ķ䡣ʱѾ˳Էʱ䣬ٳɸɴøոϢһȥԷԱ˯á
һٴʱ򣬷ֲֻźٵˡҶ룬ЩӦǻûлɡٵǷ㣬ʡŶӵĹ
򷹵ĻϵǸ裬ֵҶʱ򣬻ŪһЩˣŪҶΡ
СӣܳǸáڴ糿ʳԵøɸɾҶȻθڱȽϴԲĵĶһ
ҶСʲôʱѴ蹴ˣǲ̫Ǹɶˣ޾ŷûӾͿʼϷŪҶ
ٳһ˼󵭵ĵҲôΪСͨԡҶһҪʼˣϵĺ߶ʱ˼ûԸÿζ۸ңҲһСıһⶼһȥˣǻǵá
뵽ԼҪǷĻпܷŭҶֻʱͷװίȴ˴Ц
ҶŷͻȻоԱߵŵٳһԼҶ̧ͷɻĿһȴֺʹɫ˳źߵĿ⿴ȥҶ﷢ֲŴ߽һˣΪ׵ϱԼһٵļһ
ôˣ𣿸綼㻹ôӡ
㿴ЩһɫһϲҲǷʲôõطٳɵ˵ҶһȺһﻹٳ˵жʱɻҶǾˣ¿϶ܿԼƤЦǲ̫һЩѵķʲôĶ뵽Ҷﲻüͷ
ëǲǰ׳ˣһЦɵһΪ֪챻÷ذһ޾ͱ˻ʱˣʱεĴ˵
޾һɫԲҶ̲סһȻ֪ԼҲһҶûҪƣöԷղܲŸ⵹˵С£ǳڴ۾ֵĿǣҶﲻھͺͶԷͻ
ϧҶֹȻЩˣʱһҲɫ˹
ո˵ʲôŵ޾ʵѾʼȻоϵԼ鶼ȥˣЩ˹ƣǲ̫һ㡣
ǻĹоҲǶվһ㶼ȶԷﶼЩʱţʱ
֪˵ʲôҾ˵һɣ˵ĳЩǲǰ׳ˣЦúɵһе·ʤ鶼ˣ޾ʱȻԼƣοЩˣû˿η塣
Ҷ飬ϣҵĽͣˣǲ˵ġŵɫѾɫ޾һŵӣֻҶ˵ΪоҶƺЩ˵ͷġ
ŵô˵Ҷһ˵ҪͣʲôãǴ͡Ҷ仰ŵ˼㣬ǳŭԷ𾴵֮һʦѣȻȴˣҶôˡǴԾʱںúóڳͻȻǰˣôܷ
Ҷ仰һ˵ɫʱѿ˼㣬ǳưӣҪǲһȥҪˡ֮෴ǻĵһˣǿҶҲЩһʲôаԵİԵǸ߸ϣмһ˵̬ƺûˡŵҶǵһμжʱ١
ҶǸ򡭡ǲưոݵġŵŭգҧгݵ˵
ҶϷʵĿŵŨŨĲмв𣿡
ŵһĸоҶ⻰ǳıӡ뵽Լϸոձһ٣ڻŲʣ˶ˡ
ҶҪս㣬ҽ𣿡
սŵ㲻бŰɣǲˣʹҶﵭһЦɻ˵ĨεϷʣȴŵЩЪ˹
һŵǿԼ侲֪СڳļŭԼ϶¿Ӿ͵ԼˡһԿӳˣȫ޿ȡ֮
˾Ҫо˵ӣǶǾˣñķʽŵ򲻵òеİ취ȭϵĹѾˣȻҶĶ֡ôΨһϣӮҶǾΪŵǹˡ
ҪսǲԣиҶһ˿ƻĺԼҪǲţǾ̫ԲԼˡ
ŵ¶һ˿ȻһԼûϵһȻԼ
ʲô˵Լǹŵţȭ治Ҷǹϻܸߡ


210 
ǹԣûôͷҪþ̫û˼ˡ˵ڶԿڼ䣬ÿή㡣ҪˣͽһεõĲһ룬ҪˣǸҲóһĲ㡣Ҷﻺ˵˲ͷͬʱŵ
ֻ˸˼£Щ𲻶
ǲǺˣҪû£ͲҪӰǳԷųȴľҶٴμ
ΪĶӳƽʱھҲǺܳģŵôټ϶Լǹģܿ͵ͷӦҶĻ
ҶЦѣΪһﲻӦû뵽ôҧˣʱקˡ
һΪǾͳɣΪ˱ʾҵĳ⣬ҾطͱԷʽʲôʲôҶﵭһЦ˵
ŵȻֲԤУǾΪʲô˵Ȼ
˺ܿ뿪˲һƬյȥһţŵһ߿ʼ˼űԷʽԼôҲҪѡԼģһҪݺݽѵһһȻŵ򶼸оԼҪˡεıԹغһ벹Ĺ⣬⡣
Ҷ𣿡ٳɸҶߣݺݵĵʼٸ޾Щĵʵ
ҶﵭһЦҲ˵ֻǸ˺һĵ񡣱Ӧģδɵǰ˶עҶҪûգǲɵµġ
ĳͻܿͱ˴˳ȥʱһƬյϾΧ̻ĸԱЩ˲ûкǰֻվڲԶĵȴš
ҶΪƣ뵽һ򵥵ıԷʽ㿴˺ܿˡŵкһҶʹӶԱùһֻAK-47ǹ
ֻУڵһƴʯͷ΢΢һ֮󣬾ʯͷ˿УֻʯͷתۼҹɫЩģ
ʱõŵɫרע࣬ϸ˶ֻɿ̧еԥĿ۶
žһǹ컮ƻҰҹաڴͬʱ˵ʯ飬΢ͣٵһ̱ʯ
žžžΧ۵Ⱥǲ֮ĹȻĵЩ˻ǿģҰ£ȴûһ㡣
ǶǾϵͳѵְҵˣԶܿŵʯߵʱںܴﵽƽһ̣⶯ۻġ
Ҫǻɰ죬ĵ书ȻҹӾܵӰʱ򣬾Ҫǹ֮źܿµԼƿأԼԷ٣ʪȵȻء
ҶҪҸãαԾ䡣ŵһЦԼոյı֣⣬ز£һѾ൱˲ˡڳûҶ
ҶﵭһЦҲ˵С˳ֽӹŵϵAK-47ǹӵϼһʯͷʯͷȭͷСŵһһȦ
Сӣôһʯͷǲ̫ռˡҶϵʯ飬һԱЩˬĽô˿ţ㻹˼ôһʯͷҪû¾ͱװƣҪҪˣ
ԣҶһֱһķͽС֪ԲУҶȫûкƽϵ˼ήݡ
ŵҶüͷû뵽һôҪԼ˵Ŀӣ뵽Լǰû˵øʯͷҲ˼ڡ
ˣҲֻʾһ顣ͷҲصĶŵ˵һҶͽеʯͷ׷˳ȥͬʱ˳ȥɾת˲ʱٶȸңΧ۵Ӿ·ܵ˳
žһǹ󣬷ɵʯӦ顣
ŵһ˿ܿͱŨŨĲмûҶʯԼĴմ˱˵ġͷ˾סˡ
ŵһǹҶֻͣƬ̣ǰȥص˲ڵ˳ƴһһ׼ĸѶȾܶеAK-47ٴ
žǰʯͷһʯٴαУӦ飬жʱһʯꡣ
ŵͫƵһ£ǵڶǹһﻹͬʱһ뷨˲ߣŴ˺£
Ļ£һǹѾǺˣҶﾹȻܴڶǹҪôµ
ôģŵ૵ĿڣŵĶӵж׵ˡ似֮£оԼ۶ʼ̮ˣ˶Щǰס
ѵǱֹģŵΪԼǹѾ˼ˣȻ죬ҶǰȴǴһµĴţһδӴ
ܡҶﵭһЦеAK-47ӸȻմŵĴӺǰ߹
СҲóŪǰˣҶвм뵽˵ʵȺʿû˿øУӴ첻ӡ󻵵˼㡣£ȻŵԼôġ
סǵĶԼΪ䵭ڿŵ̲סһ¡ΪԼԵʣ齫ʧȥһĲζţսϣҪӽԼˣȻҲǾԵġҪĲôʱһȥҲӰ졣
Ŀ
ŵѾʼԼԺˣҪμûﵽͱ׼ָս϶˵ǣôľҲζսˡ
ҶصĹȺУЩһһ㲻˵ı鿴ԼɫⶼʲôˣҪҿֱ˵Ƕʲô˼ӮôĺôǾԴңĺ
ҶңǲǳԹʲô˲ι֥֮ĶǲǻԹʲôҩ޾ŵʵһﲻԹɣȻôô̬⻹ķ
żһҶֱˡ磬ѣᣬֲС˵޾ϷŪһºߣҲţҵӳһЦЦǺܺ
ô֪Ҷڳһ˵
޾һô˵ˣɵıܿðС
ٺ٣Ҷ˵ǲֵܣ޾һĿҶʵҶһ£ĵһҪ˼άԾô졣ɻɻǵ˵ͷ϶˺ߵĻ
ʱ޾ѸٳһץסҶֱۣȻں߾£ҧȥ
ȥһİô˵ŻҪҧҡӦҶæֱۣͬʱһںߵƨϡ
޾ѾİҧңҶּⶼʲôˣһ
ٺ١޾Цһ˵㲻ǳԹɵҲҧһڿûЧѾ̫С˰ɡ˵ŶЦ
ҶŷӦһｫƾͼƣԼһ׽Ū޾û뵽׽Ūˡ
ͬʱڷӦĻˣҲЦһһ⣬Ϸʱһ


211 սʼ
ҶǸôģܸܲ˵˵ǾѻֳΪҶһΪԭһ棬Ҷܴﵽڶγǹ붼û
ҶﵭһЦʵ֪ȸңĻ£ܴܲеһΡ
üüͷһ£ᶨĵ˵ͷʯ׷ɵʮ׸ߵĵطҰܵӰ죬ǿȻҲ֪ҪŵֵǺѵġ
ҹ˵һѶȵģǰĻ϶û⡣
Ҷһ΢΢һЦʵҹͰû̫𣬷˵ֻҪУҰⲻӰ졣ڶγǹԪҲһҪյľǼӦ֪ʯڱһǹԺмɢей켣ǰԭ˶ģڶγǹõľԭие֣֮Ϊ޽ӵ
ٳ˳˼ҶķҲ򡣵Ҷ֪ЩѾ׽֪ʶ䣬ҪѧһУ²ס
ȻȥϢɣҪʽʼˣҶúϢҶ￴ɵվҲǸ飬˵˼ά˵
ԣҲǿЦĵ˵ͷԼҶĲɣֲ಻Ǽһֲġ漴͸Ҷ棬Ϣĵطȥ
ŵȻҶһǹУǰ֮ʣŹԾһεĴҲ˹ˣĵθһ㲹Ĵۣȫǻ¡
Ҷǲǻܳǹһص䣬޾̲סʵ
Ҷҡҡͷ˵ǹϾ֪ҲûõǱȻֹģ񣬴ԵȻûͻƵַ˼ĵز
޾Ҷô˵Ī˿ҪһﻹܴǹǾ̫ˡ
۵һ죬˶ЩˡҲû˵ʲôڴϢˡ
һҹ޻峿ʼ䷺ǰ˯һҹҲǴеһҲǱ
ʱѵصĴУϣ߸ҵĶվڳ£Ƿһ֧֧ˣڵĵӰϯ̨ϴʱվ÷Լ߹ӡ
һ󺣷紵ʱһ㣬Ʈе˶ǲԼ̧ͬͷ򼺷Ĺ졣·һģܴһǰ
Ҷ￴ӭƮģҲĪļָоٵͻȻȴҪפһ㣬ӡҶСҶ֪һУԻƬҫ
սɣ
ΪҫԺ
ʱһبŵ㣬һϤĸڻĶԱĿеԿеҳγһɱʤ
죬̤;ʱ䡣÷غվΪһսǰԱǶʿȫĽԣóеִš÷ЩػУϴȻЩ׻
ЩϻҶѡֱΣΪĶżһﲻðҶǸرǳˣֻҪǸ»ӡˣҪȥܣȵ컹ѡ
ʱƣ÷ؿʼһЩעЩͽˣҶᶼ˯ˡֻܶ˼붼ǿСΪжЩȻʲôʵ飬ֻ˼ê
ڣжһƻʽʼ
̵ģǽˡҶЩʹиൽһһͿʼϻͣڶһʧȥˣѾɮת
Ϊ˹ƽ֯ⰲÿЩὫеĶ飬͵߸ĵص㣬໥֮ľ붼ЩԶҲǸ˻ʱ䡣ڵصѡ񣬿ΪֹƽԭҲǸӵǩġ
ɢ˶ѡװҶѡһK2ͻǹĺееڵ70֮ࡣװȻǷ£ҹǶŹֱرͨѶÿСȴֻҶﰵѡû취ֻһһˡ
׷棬Ϊϰԭֻⵯѡ񣬶ÿ޶ֻѡΪǰֵСӣҶСһѡһͦػǹˣͳAWP;ѻǹİG2ͻǹԼһAK-47
ѡ֮ĺҶϼһ£Сӵö࣬ػǹĴڡ־ҪսѹƻǷѹƷ涼ŲãΨһĲ̫ڴҪ˲̧
⣬֯ÿһӦ豸豸е£жǼս̭֡
һ׼˴ĸװ׷̤˿뿪ѵء
˭˵仰һ˾ÿ뿪ˣҶͳ˵ҪŪڵλãȻƵĵͼжϽж
طҿ̽ģ֪˵ҲɣлٴǷģϤ
Ҷһæóͼݸߣעڵλáͼҹ»ģһݣҶһһݡ
ȷλúҶͺʱ˳ֵķ硣
ԭǣҶ20жĿ̫ԣ֧ҪǷֿߣЧʱȽϸһ㣬ҲܸսϢΪͨĴڣһ֧֪Ķ׾ܸ֪һ顣
ٳΪڸս˻ǾһȽϺáҿͳһжΣҲӦĹһƫڷģҶƫڽ
˾ֿߣֻ鲢ܾ̫ԶҪͿ໥ӦһнһҲܼʱԮ
ķֿҶʹСӵ˿ʼɨͨͼϷλȷҶЩ²⡣ĵķλƫڶϣѾٽˣλ˵ƫԶҶ֪ҵĶǲҲһƫԶ򡣶߸γһԲΡĲ²ⱻ֤ʵˣôڣҶͿжϳҵĴ·λԻľҪս塣
ҶӦô죿һ·޾ЩͲסˣ̫ˣܲˡ
Ҷ֯һԣе뷨˵˳ȻӮ˵һֱͬ⡣
һȺ󣬾ͼǰС
ڴͬʱǴŶɽȥܿҵһطʱľݵ㣬Ǹõľݵ㡣ΪĻѡʱǡ
½Ƭԭʼɭƾʵĸо
ͬʱѵصĻ÷غ߹Ӷڻǵ۾ŴĻȫͶӰʱȴһͬɫĵ˶š
Ҷﲻ֪Ӧ豸ϱ֯Ǳ˱ǡЩǵþǽǵжĳڻҵĴĻϣԹЩ˹ۿ
ЩСһǻʮ㰡÷ؿĻɫ㣬Եĸпһ䡣
Զǵ˵ͷͨĻǿֱӿж鶼Ƿֳ˼ӣʼŴɨ
ĹֳĹңֳ߽Ķӡ̫ĶȴǸ󵨣˶˷ɢ


212 ˳
Ҷ˼Ȼ֪ѵػ﷢飬ʱھܲĴСǰ̽·лٴ޾Ǻİ˸ˣʱЩƵĸо
ټĴвҰ޵Ľ㳤õĹƻǱ
ΪǰųĴڣҶ˵жͲηηˣҲǳҪ֮ڡ䵱۾յ˼˵зô󷽵Ĵ󲿶Ӿʱ䷴Ӧ֧͵˵ߡ
ʱƣҶСӽԶԭĵ㣬ʱѾܽӽǸĿصˡҶ£ǰлٴ޾ҲǸӽǶСĵĹ۲ΧĶԼһ֧顣
ʱлٴѸٵ˻Ҷ״΢΢һüʾͣ¡
ô£ˡҶﵭʵԼĲ²⣬ûǸλãʱˣѵԷҲԼһĴ㣿
лٴæصӳֻһˣǸСӡΪ˲ݾҾͻ㿴Ǹô죿
Ҷԣ΢΢һ漴뵽һֿܡæ˵޾лɣͣһ£Ҫ̫Ĵ󲿶ӣǾ͸ǵɫơ
лٴһ˷ܵܳȥ޾ȥˣҲҶķԸ£ʱлٴ޾ͻˣȺ˶æҶߡ
ҶСӳǹˣҹǺд󲿶ӣҪҪ޾¶һ˿׻˵޶ɷҪ̫ܰĶһ£ٺòˡ
Ҷ۾Ҳû˵Ȼò޾ŭջԼ߲ʮˣҪͨһڳ¶Է̫кʵˡңǳɹˣԼҲʣ¼˵һǧ˰ٵ飬ɲҶԸ
ʱǰԶһӰһһСĵܡҶһ̫ɣĶѲš
ʱ򣬻Ķӵʮ˶ɵķ˺ҶǾľˣз紵ݶģ׾ʲô˼ȻȻǲ̫ʿ쵽
һ·߹ھҶڵĹľҲûʲôʱҶ۾治̽·Ĺȥˣô⣬ҪֵľǺ󷽵ˡԼǶֻǷЩ
ڰһǧѷĻᡣҪǼʮ˶ڣⳡս϶׬뵽ҶѾʼԼǰֱĲˡ
ʮ˷ֳӵѡ񣬹Ȼӿ˽˵ٶȡҲζţѵĻΪ˵Ĳ
Ҷ̫ô֣˴죬߹ȥһˣۿ߾ҪʧӰ޾Щ˵̫ĺӦõˣôûһ㶯
ȲעΣӦÿˡҶü˵ٶǱ
ԺҶһվڴͬʱС˵ɫҲЩÿԼһ˶ôãҪˡ̫ڲֻ֣һֿܣǾһ䵥ˡ
ӳô죿лٴʵ
Ҷüͷ¶һ˿Цû뵽Сӵô󣬸Ұ˶ɢȥսҶﲻûսʩеĻǣ㹻Ӵ󡣶ֻ̫жʮ˵Ļϸôȡû
Ǽǰó˸ں档ҪϴĻ˿϶̫ǰԭ·أʱֻҪǰĶ򣬾ܸ˳ϣҵǵѡ
Ҷô˵ɫǱǺܿ׵Ҷ뷨ǵ˵ͷͬˡ
˶ûԼҶٶָĶԱ˺棬Ȼʼɨ
ת֮䣬ͷѾʼƫ;˳˵ǿûȥǵһ죬ٲ£ǲҪŪ̫ȽϺáﵽһζҪ⣬ױ¶٣ǵս벻
ڼǰ̫Աûκˡƣһ˶ЩĬȵҲ
ӳǼһˡʱҶĵ󷽵ĸߺ˻
Ҷһϲüҡæʵûְɣ
ߺæҡͷ˵ǸСձвһһ߳Ÿ裬Ǿûسв˰ɣԱǰˡ
Ҷһ̲סЦٿԱҲ·ӡ̫ɳǹ˵İɡһˣĻ³ʲô裿±˷ֲ㰡
ʱǸ̫ԱպóҶҰУæӡ˵һﲻŸ裬һֻӡһҡͷԵӣЩЦ
ЦˣСıˡҶֹס˵ЦЩĿŽ߽СӡֺֺЦѾʼҪ̫ӳ֪飬ʲô飬ƻֱŪһɡ
̫ʿ߹ȥҶҲ˿͵źϷˡæСĸϣҶ￪ʼ˼ҪҪٳ˵һǰ컹ǷͷֶԷѣһ̶֣ҶŵԼˣϵҲ١
һ·̫ʿ棬ĶﶼǳĬţ˶ǺСġȻҶ֪ܲܳɹͿε׷ˡҪΪⱻСӷˣǾǰˡ
һСʱԺ̫ʿһɽǰͣȻߴһһɽԵĲݴо߳
ҶǸС˵ʲô޾üͷʵ
˵ӢĶ飬ûʲô֡Ҷﵭ˵¶һ˿˼ԼǰĲ²ӦˣеĶ鶼ǱΧҲ˵ĵԱ߷ֱ̫ӢôĹأ̫Ա˭
ƱҶͻȻоսô׵ġ߸ңһֻ¶ĸһҲ֪ҶҲûҪԼ̫ѹֻҪñְͺá
Ҷ㿴Ǳߣֻһ޾ͻȻָһС˵
Ҷ̧ͷһԣһ̫ĶԱ˹ʱҶѾ϶ԼĲ²⣬̫϶ҵݵ֮󣬾ͽԱǲȥ̽ˡ
¶һ˿ЦҶǴЩЩϷʵ˵ĵŰɣҪû´Щһﶼ½½ʱ˵ǻջ񡣡
ԶǰȻЩɻҶΪʲô˵кϷǳڶԺߵΣҲûʡ
һСʱȥ̫ɳȥĶѾӶ˻ˡҶһ£һʮˣټǰݴˣöʮˡ
ԷˣҶﲻЩɻѵ˳һֻԼ᣿Լһ׳ղŻҵġ
ЩʱͻȻֲԶĴһʱʵֵ˸
ѻǹҶжʱǸһΣһĻ˵̫Ϥˡ
뵽Ҷ¶һ˿΢ЦϷҪˣֻǲ֪³ֵһǸҵĶ顣
Ҷغã¶ҵĶˡҶԸһæԼغáĺϷ̫ѵˣҪǱԷԼӰߺпܺԼһҲǱ


213 ҹǹ
ʱ̫֪Լ˶ˣڶԱȰ֮Ǿͻص˶ʼڶ¡Ȼܴ󣬵ȴûʲôõε㣬Ҫ뵱ڵľݵ㣬ǾͱŪһЩ¡
Ҷ￴˿ʼʯͷĻ֪ЩСʲôüͷ̲סЩСӵǼӣҶΪѾ˿϶Ϣڶ£û뵽ԷھͿʼˡ
Ҫǵ˷£ôԼЩˣ˵ȫûϣȲ˵Ĳ࣬߸ռݵΡ
֣ЩôҶЩֵ뵽Щ̫˶ʼˣ³ֵЩΪʲôѵԼˣҲڵԼȶ֣
Ҷôʱ򣬶˹ʮԱЩεĿһĻѾͨͨѶ豸ϵԱˣϧԱûϵͿ￪ʼˡȥЩѰˣ
ӳҪȳ˰ɣ˹һԱ̲סü˵
ٿ˵лġ˹ӳһĴ󺺣˵֮˫տտ˫۾Աһ㣬·
ҶȻ֪Щ飬ʱҲʼŶԲߡԼܲʾ֭Ҳ벻Ӧô졣вʣֲܽԼЩ˲һֱŰɡ
ӳҾӦʱ룬ûǴĻ⸽һɽȻСǴպһҹû⡣ʱһֱû˵С
Ҷһ۾ǰԼΪʲôҪԷţȥϢһ˶ûжֵļ󣬶ϾҪˣⳡսȻǴԼżʲôá
ô죬ڳɡҶ΢ЦĿһۣߵ˵ͷ
һ˾ͲźۼĳǱص㡣ܿǾͳڸһɽǰҵģ߽ȥһ£ĵ˵ͷ
ͬʱ˹ʮԱڵλãѾ˶ʮˡͻĹһǰҲǽԱֳӣȡ˺ͻһĲԡ
Ƥ˹̫˶棿ɭ˹ʵ
Ƕ棬ֻѾѷ½ˡҪڽĻǺܲƤ˹üͷص
ɭ˹ô˵¶һ˼֪Ƥ˹˵ûڲѵĽʱ䡣
ɭҾǿҹǶ˯ˣǱݵʱ򡣡Ƥ˹¶һ˿Ŀ˵
ԣɭ˹ҲЦ̫ˣͬûкøУܰЩ̭ȥٺòˡ
ӳǿ϶ҪϢˣ㿴ɳŵġһ˹ԱɽǰĶæˡһüͷ΢΢һ壬ܿоһ˿м
ɽվǲЩ̫ˣҪ˰ǴˣôǾΣˡɽ̫ӳɻʵ
ɽһЦһ˿Īζ˵һ仪Ļʵ֮ʵ֪֮ľû˵ľһֿʼգ϶ʱЩ
ȻӲɽ۾ķӦɽһЦ˵ľҪֻ˵һڻĵһϿģ˼ǿĲһȫ۾ƭ֣ӰֵжϡҲڣһǱ档ֻҪºСҰ⣬ôͿǹʾٺٺ١
ľô˵¶һ˿Ȼæ߾һԱʾԼǰߵǸ⡣
û뵽ɽôԶľ

Ҷ￴˿Թ׼˯ˣ¶һ˿ζ־̫ϤˡһȺүǳԴ˯ȫһΪ顣Ǿսɵս飬Ҷ˵ӡ
Ҷ㲻Ϣһ޾Ҷɫͣı任ţ̲סɻʵ
ҲȸϽϢɣҪǲҹˡҶﵭһЦ˵ô˵޾˵ͷͿұϱ۾
˶ЪϢˣҶĵ߳˶⡣˯ǾޣΪһӳҶԼζԶԱǵİȫ߽϶ƽܾûоսЩ˷˿û˯⡣
Ҳ֪ѾͷڸʲôҶվҹ£ͷŵҫǳ¶һ˿ԼˣΪԭûа취ϵٻЩġ
ҪСı֤ҶԸܸɭҲ뿪ٻߡΪǷӿʱ򣬺ٻҪû˱ʵЩġ
л޵˼ҶʱԼǸì塣սȳƽԲӦóһϵϡ⼸ҲЩ֪ԼôģӦô
һȣҶԼ뻪ĵľӣս׷ɵ£ƺֻּսܵõͷšȻô
Զ׼ܡǶԺٻĸ飬ǶԺĳŵѾעˡƺֻܺ͹ȥԵеĿƽСϰա
׻˵ѡأҶ뵽仰¶Īζ̾һ
ʱ仺ţҶվҹ£ǳҹѾˣ･˯ߡ֪ʱѵصĻ÷غ߹ȴǽŵĿǴĻ
Ҫʲôˡ÷һϷʣĸпϵı鿴ĳЩУȴǺǲˬо̫ӣԼӢӡ
̫ӴʱɫĿ£ΪĻϿ׾ٵĿȺĶ˹ʿѾڻĿɽɽ̫ʿ
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ӢҲ鲻ãΪʱӢ飬ڻһϿǰǵȴѲõĿڴҪӢĶ߽ȥˣǽ֮ܵ֡
쿴ƵĻûκα̫ӢĵĶѾܺˣһֵˡںɻΪʲôҹĹֻûп£һ˼Զɽһֻ黹ãһɽۻ˼һ֧ʵġ֧Ѿܾûƶˣҵŵûƶ
ʣҶٳɶԼĴ㡣˶ѡģҶȻ˵ԼܳĵӡٳҲܲƽʱѵһֱֵĿȦɵ㣬֮Ŵ󽫷緶
أĶҪܻԵĴˡĦ˹΢΢һЦʼӢ
һһ˿ŭһ˵ļһ⵹˵ʵһ˵ʵ֪ʲôʱӢĶѾ˿ڴ󣬶ĻƵҲǶ
ҶȻǲ֪ЩʱĵĵȴʲôֱƬƽҹϾҪˡ
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һǹ컮ʣҹԵøҶüͷ΢΢һ壬ЩɻĿķ
˽⵹ǺܲԽԽá
ͬʱ׼ֵĶ˹飬ҲƤ˹̲סüͷʱսôԼļƻ鷳ˣҪ̫˱ˣͲýˡ
Ƥ˹Ҳɣٵˡɭ˹ɬ촽˵Ƥ˹ɫһ漴˵ͷ


214 
Ƥ˹ĵͷ˹֧뿪ԭǱλáһ·˳ïܵĹĻĿ̫ڵɽʱʮ˾ھڵʮҵĵطͣ
Ƥ˹ôԸһɭ˹һ˿Ϸʣ̲סеľѻǹҪ֧Ƥ˹ͳ˧ƻֱӿǹ̵һ
Ƥ˹΢΢һüɭ˹һ˵ȲҪżǵòɫĽˣѶ˾ˣŷ£϶ܺǺпܳԿ
˵꣬Ƥ˹¶һ˿˼漴¶һĨƻȺѡ
ԱƹȥһΣһҪͬʱ֣ԲŪ֪𣿡
ѡĶ˹Աæͷ漴ͰƤ˹ļƻȥ
ڴͬʱһСϿУӢĲڼҵĽСһνӢУΪԱʧǰһǹӢ鷴Ӧ˹ӢȻΧȦУЩ˶ǻʼҾ񣬺ܿҵһЩ壬
ڼ䣬ʧˣŵֿҪѪĳ嶯ں޲ðǸȳֵļһݺݵһ١һļƻͱһǹƻˡȻӢҲ̭ˣŵоβֻûմ⣬Ƕˡ
عͷ˹ߣʱ˹ԱѾ͵͵̫ڱ˿ʱˣͬʱ˵ͷͻվ
дɴʱкǲˬֻһڹľУܸоԼ·Ѿʪĵʪ͸ˣĸоܡ
ΪʲôһվţҾҪ뵽иǷŭŨŨļʿ򶴿ڴļһ
ʲôдɿӰվԼ˵󣬿Ȼǲ⡣ôбˣ
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һͷȻдɶʱ˶ˡȻڱ̧ܵеǹһǹһӰϡվǳЩˣʱԱǱιȥڵϡ
ͻأǹ˶˹ԱͬʱҲǾɽϢ̫Ա
ĸ쵰ǹˡƤ˹ϴŷŭԼĶԱǶǱʱܿǹӻȥζԷʲô˹ԱæҡҡͷʾԼǹʱһõͷƤ˹𣬸Ҫ˵ɽдһ
мˣ
Ƥ˹ʱоЩƣԼôãһʱ߻Ϸû뵽ƻ̫ʿˡ
ʱѾɽſȥļԱ
Ӧװãиãе£ųһɵ̼񾭣ô֮СͺܺõķЩе£ȻǹӰԿƽ
ԼĶԱƤ˹Ҫǻ֪ʲô飬Ͱ׻ôʱˡȻƻ̫ʿһССֶΣڶڣһڡ˼ά㣬һ˿ʱ뵱ȻľΪ˴ڣȵǶˣϾͻᷴӦ¶Ϯߡ
һ֮Ƥ˹æĶԱҲˣƤ˹һɤӻǾˡһԾ˲ݴԵС
ԱķӦƤ˹¶һ˿οһͶʮԱʧһһ͵ϮһѾˣܻǲеˡ
׼սƤ˹¶һĨ͵ɷʴףЩŭֺݺݵ˵εļһС
ͬʱɽڵ̫ҲǷӦ˹ֻʱѾ򶴿ڣö˹ӽӰεڱ˻˵ʸǿסˡ
ĺܺãҳϵʿɽһЦ˵ָ˶ڷº档ڴʱдɣȴǱˣдӦ˵Ǿӹΰɽ֪ܱܲסͿǼһԼˣԼǲܳȥģΪػһ̣˹ӵͻᳯŶк
̫ʿ˻ȥƤ˹ϸ˲Ӭһ㣬ѿץеɽԱߵïܹľбŭ
дԼɹԤһˣȥһᱻõġϧһͫ׾һֻһ˲䣬ûӦʱոξʧȥʶڵء
Ŷ˹̫ĽİȻĵزսҶҲһ
վһŵĶѣҶһ˿ͣͱϷʵıû
Ϸˣ˸ÿϷʱˡ
䣬ҶһȵĳսķʣľҲһ˷ܵĽΪɽ벢ԶԭҶ˺ܿͳսûмŶ֣Ѹٵķս
ʱɽڲ̫ʿҶһ֪Ķ˹ȴһĿȻ˹ĶԱʮ֮࣬ʱȻͶڵ̫ʿšԤЩࡣ
ΪͻϮߵĺٲҲӦռϷģΪʲôֶľ棬Ҷﲻö֪
ȵȵȰɣ⣬̫ܿͻҶﵭ˵ɽǰ֣˼˵ЩСȻЩᣬӵǹãڶڽ˷£ǰڳ
Ҷ̫ʿܿͳɽɽǰĹ֡ΪڶܵӰ죬ǣֹ̫ۣѾʧԱ˹һȴǻԭ
ǼѻָҾѻ㣬ҪóȻǹȴҵҶﵭһЦѻ˵һܿ˵ͷʧ˶СΪͨѶԭƣǱûԶҶǾͽѡѻ㡣
Ҷʲôʱ֡Զòֺ޾ŨŨսۣȲʵ
Ҷԣû˵ֻʾĵȴڻѳֵʱ£ֻж˹̫սҪʱǻĹʱ̡ϾֻʮˣʱʮˡҪǻĹӱǹ˹̫ʱ֣ǹڵġ
̫ʿ⣬˹Ķ鲻òһЩʮ׵ľ̫ڸ˵ľ벻׼ͿױͷȥЩԶ˹֮£˸ѡ˽
Ƥ˹ôűĴ㣬Թ˹źܶѻִڣݵĶԱ£Ƥ˹Լҵľѻֵĸ㣬˷ӵ룬ѻֵƳ׷ӳ
Ҷ￴˹ĶȻΪҪͦˣܿͷ˶˹Ĵ㡣ֻЩһٶһȻʯΪеٴοʼ
ͬʱ˹ˣ뿪飬ȥҺʵľѻ㡣
ǺҪþѻˡҶ켣Ӷ꣬ڶ˹ѻֵǺģھѻֵѵȷʵһЩ֮Щ˵ĶͼԲˡ
ʱսϵٶȷ˱仯˹ѻһֱ֣õ̫ػǹ֣̫Ļʱͬʱ̫ľѻҲǿʼ
ҶǾеľ̫ѻ־ٲҲĶȥܿһ˹ѻе˵ϡ


215 ڰ֮еĿ
ҶȥаȺСӲһʧˣҪٵȥȫǳ顣
޾սʽ˵ֻ֪Ҫ̫һʧܣԼʮ˲ֻãһֿ϶ᱻ˹Ķ鷴ֻʮˣȻȺ˵Ķ֡
Ҷһ˵ͷѻ´
˹棬ÿһõ˹һѻ֡Ҫʵ൱˾Ͳ֣סƵһҪƽ⣬ֵʱҪ¶Լ
һ¾Ҷ˼һǿ󣬶ڻĹĶ鶼ûкôҪһֱ൱ʵôĹлὫ˫ȫ¡
ΪŻĹİг֣˹ľѻֺܿͱɵһͬʱ̫һʿ£ԭҵսһʱ侹Ȼ˾ѻֵ¡ľѻֲʱ֣õһЩҪĿꡣΪĵĶһ֧ûб¶һֱûע⵽Ǳڰɱ֡
οʱ仯ͣļԱ֮󣬶˹̫֧鶼Щͷǻϸûе
ʱѵصĻ룬˸˶ǳĬšĻϴӢ֧˫˫ȥӢԼλӣɫЩÿӢȻɫһֽٺζĦ˹˶Ǻ
ԼҵĶˣһ˶ûմֻṊ̀һֱԴĦ˹˵Ľʹû
˿ѾʼŭŵˣһǰһĲڸǽõĻ͡Ѿʼŵ򵱶ӳˡ
ʱɫˣһǶ˹ӣһ̫ӡʱ˶ЩƵĿ죬Լ֧ƴƴǻĶȴǲҪԱ߼©ĺ
ʱǸˣڿӢᶼʧԱ̫ʧ˹ʧˡĵĶʮ˶ڣǸˡ
ڿ̫ӷŭĿ⣬иЩ⡣ǲǺǻԱ˰ɣʲô˼ҿһֱûκζЩֲġ˵Լʵãܹϣ
Ƥ˹ûзе֣ΪʲôǵľѻһֱʧѾ̭ˡѵСôܺǵľּȣɭ˹Щɻ˵ոշһֵ⣬Ǿ̫һѹȥԼ˾ͻĪʧһ
㷢ˣҲǾЩ֡Ƕ˻ɣһûдȥıҪˡƤ˹ɫЩѿֵѼӾɵˣκ˶ʹ졣
Ƥ˹´˹ʣµѻҲǻص˴顣ͬʱ˹߿ʼźۼĳˡʱֻʣʮˣ̫ʮĸ
Ҷ￴һĻż˴һƣɫЩòҪҪֱ¶ԼЩΪѡ
ԼֻʮˣҪǳֵĻȷ̫ࡣҶֲᡣһټ֧飬ջ̫ˡ
ãҶЩĵ̾˿ȴľѻһͦơ
Ҷǲ𣿡޾ЩԸˣôʱ䣬һδЩﲻסˣҶĶæʵ
Ҷüͷ˵ȷ̫ⳡ̲ܴȻǶЩƣˣóȻ¶ΣпĳޣʱǾЩ鷳ˡ˵ŻҶЩĵĿһսʱ˹ĶѾ˻Χ̫ĶȴȻڹţǵָ¶˹ɱǹԵʰɡ
ǳˡҶȵͻ˳˲ĹľԡһڻĶԱҲǲĵĸϡ
ĳˣٴγҹż޺ûһ˿Ҷ˺ܿصԭϢɽѾ賿ʱ䣬˶ЩۣԺܿҶ֮ڶ˳˯
ǵһ죬ͱĳͻҶֻиĻܱȫ顣˵ľޣų˯߲öʵʼձ۷״̬ӦʱֵܳΣ
ڴͬʱһδ֪ɽСٳһˣȫʧǹҲǰ˿ΪǰҶкٳ˵̫飬ٳЩġǰҹҶһδߣڵȴսı
ٳɵ˼Լ˸Ϲȥһ£ʱ϶ǲҶܾ顣ҹоǸΣյ飬ٳҪǲСı¶мڻĹɲʲô¡գ˾;ʱͷ¡
峿Ҷ۾īɫͫ¶һ˿âǰ˯ߣоԼľѾȫָ˹µһ٣Ҷﲻ֪ƽһ죬Ǽս趯һ졣
ٳɣش𡣡ҶͨѶ豸˵Ϊ䶨ʱѾǺҹҶٳѾ˯ˣûдԷɴһ˵
ٳɸոãͨѶҶĻæصأ˵ɡ
ٳɵĻӦҶһ˿͡ѡˣôܻػٳҲĺ磬һֱڵԼ˵
˵һǵλãһ˺ϡ
Ҷô˵ٳһʱЩ⻹һ˵ĻٳɿҶԼ϶ԼȥȻ취Ѿ¶һټҶﾹȻҪЩˡ
ѵʧ̫뵽ٳЩˣæʵҶңʧ˼ˣ
ͨѶٳɵҶ΢΢һ㶡һǲ̫ԼˣиĴ죬ôʧˡɶѵĺ
˵ʲôأûʧˣ̫ʧˣ˹ʧˡҶû˵
ȷٳҶô˵ЩŵʵҶﷴ˵£ŷ
漴ٳɾ뵽Ҷǰ˵Ļ̫ʧˣɵ˰˹ʧķ֮һˡŵһ죬ƴôңҶһôȫģ
Ҷ˵˵⵽ô£Ϊʲôʧô࣬ԼȴǺúõġɻٳ̾ҶͬʱЩʵ
Ҷһ˶ˣѾʲô˼ʲôбʧΪʲôԼúõģʲô̬Ϊһӳôǲе̫Ǹɶˣ
аٳԲУҶȻ˵֪һӦ˷ܵĲУ˵ģҲúƽϡ¾ͽҹ﷢ٳһ顣
ٳҶļƲߣϾ亹һ治һĸڣ뷨óҪǶ˹̫֪Ҷ飬ƻҶƴ
Ҽǵո˵ҪҵĵַҪһϣ
Ҷ󵭵صھƲҾӦʱһúһٽжᡣҹ飬Ҷֲ֪ơкܴĻᣬΪԭ򣬲òջ
ҶҪҴ˹ȥˣǾͿԶԸСˡ٣Ҫѡٳһ£˲ͬ
ҶϿ˵Ը̫鲢üеʱ䣬Ҿҹ飬˹϶ȥ鷳ȥҲûáⳡ¼УҪǼٵˣܱ¶̹˵ǹͷ仰κʱáҶｫԼ뷨г뷨ҹĸ
ٳô˵һʱҲǳĬϸ֮£ȴǾҶ˵ĺܶԣԾͬҶ˵


216 ޵һǹ
жٳɵͨҶͷ˶ڿԼЩֵԼôңѵʲô
Ҷո˵ҪٳɻϣǲģѵǾͷԸ̫ļƻ޾Ǹֱӣʲô˵ʲôǰһٳɵͨ˶˸жǺʹ죬޾̲ס˵˳
Ҷһüͷ̲סһ˵ô˵ʲô飿Ҷ⻰˵Щ壬޾һ¾סˡһһֱ˵£Լ͸¶ͻȻԼô޾û뵽ġ
Ƕӳڴڼ䣬ҵǲ˿Υҷ˭Ҷϣ֪ԼĻ˺пֱܱ̭ȥҺһϣԱ
Ҷ˵˿ȴûʲô飬޾Ҳ˼û˿ε˼һС͵սһսսģų벻عص³ǲõġ
ȻǶףôʰǼ̳ٳǻϡҶﵭ˵ϵıҲһ˲ʧ
˶ʰˣҶȳɽȥߵķȴЩ֣·̫ͨݵ·
ѵӳ뷨ıˣ¶һĨı飬һﲻǿķǰɣ㲻˵̫ʲô˼
Ȼʣ뵽Ҷոշ˻һʱȴû˸Ҹȥԭ޾Ȼɻ󣬵Ǻܿ뵽ʲô
Ҷ˽⣬һǵ͵ߡ̫ˣҶҪǰ뿪Ǿ治Ҷˡ
޾ܿͿҶһ͹ʯվȵ˶ҶתȺһϿʲô飬ֻһ˵ľѻǹҡ
һиЩɻ󣬵ǳڶҶæǹݸ˺ߡ
ǿˣֻʾһ顣˵ŻҶʯſѻǹǰ
ӳΧ֮⡣ǸǹҶĶԱҶĶ϶ʱ˺ߡϴҪװҲרҵȻΧˣڸǽ
ҶﵭһЦ˵һ֪ˡ˵ŻҶ͸ѻԶѻеĿ̫ݵɽڡʱڿһҶȴûһżֻǷŻԵȴš
Ȼû˵ʲô֪Χһ뷨Ҫһ̫ĳԱһ̫һһЩ
ͬʱĶ䶯ҶһСܣͨĸ֪ԸӦеķ٣̶ȵȡ
ʱһһĹȥҶһʯһ㣬һʱֻǸɽвʱһ˿⣬һֻڲɱʱŻеĹ
ڻĶԱЩ̲סʱҶһͻȻϸ΢𶯡ǹھ΢ɼƶһ㡣ʱǲ֪ҶǴʲôˡ
һҪھѻΧ֮ɱĿꣿͻȻԼͬðͷ־û˶ȫľѻ֣ǰһѵҲ
ʣ˶ǰԶ̫Ķڡ
ʱһžװ̫ʿɽ˳̧ͷ˿ʵɫ¶һĨ졣
ž
һǹ֮ոջ峿ķ羰̫ԱЩţӦװõĴ̼£ʧȥ֪ĵȥ
˸¡ʲôˡԱ⣬̫˷ӦѸ٣Ͼͳ˳һţһ߹۲ΧĻ
ҶȻûȤ۲̫ôӦһͷ֮۾뿪ѻվ
ҶｫѻǹݸǸĿɿڴĶԱһ˿ЦҲû˵ֻǵȺһﷴӦ
Ҷôģ
޾ȴзӦЩֱҶŪġ޾ļǵãʱľӢһֲ֯һսУӢһѻ־ʹľ̳׵£һǹüģеһСͷĿѻһսһ֮ΪȫŵϺŵˡ
ӳ㲻˰ɣ
ӳ϶ˣҪȻô顣

һӦ˵ЩһĻҶ˶ˡòױһԼǲ佱ˣô˵ʲô˼ʲôˣǼô˧𣿻Ǹ˵Ҳʲô˼ǲǼҲҵġ
ҶһҸоãɫȴܵγˮӺ˲ע⵽ɫ׷ס졣ǿҶĿ⣬ȴҶַëĸо
ҶһͷҪϱһ£ĳЩŰһ£оо޾һƺû͵˼в
ҲôģҪǰѶӳˣ˵Խһ󲽡ǾĹߣŶӳӦĹߣǹСһ㡣лٴٺһЦͬ˵
ҶһĻϵĺ߾̲ס붯ֽѵһûûСļһǿ͵۹⡣ɸһЦͷ
Ǹ뿪ͷ˵䣬Ҷͳ˲Сģֱ·ˡ˷ӦʱѾʮ׿ˡ
ǲ֪ôģҶ￴Ⱥһһ㶼ûзŹԼĴ㿪ʵ⻰ܿͻ˼ۣⲻǷϻҪǲ֪׷ܰСʱѾΪǳԱ˳ţ
ʵܼ򵥣ԭӦö֪ǹ֧ΪʲộΪӵڷлܵĦĶܻ᲻½϶ǹ̵֧ĶǺܱصģӵٷеķΧڡǼʹ̣ӵҲɣȻٶȻήͣǿġԾǳ̵ӵȻԻѪ֮Ҷ֯һ˵
úϸǺܿͻعζЩǶ֪ģҶ˵ô࣬òҲûʲôõİ
Ҷ˵ϻ˵˵Ϊʲôһѷϻ޾вˬʱ˵
򵥣ǼҶﵭһЦ˵ȴûΪ޾һԸŲὲʲô
һ󵭵ˡϴ˵Ǽǣǹǵ
˴ҶϹˣǻҪ·ϸһ㣬ǰ̽·ʲôӡ˵꣬Ҷæˡ޾лٴȥǰ顣
˵£ȴûʲôԣոջɵɫʱЩ֣ǰҪľսԿıһߣǻ׵ġ
һ˲ͣĴԽïܵĴ֣˵Ҳ֣һʱ䣬Ƕûһˡ
ӳ˶ȥˣôһûлٴѹɣк첻˵
ҶʵҲЩ֣˵йҿ϶Ǽ̽·ôһ˶
ȲЩǻǺٳɵĶӻ˵ˣӦǷΧ̫ԵʡҶﵭڣδ֪飬ȥвнĲ²⣬žԼ顣
Ҷô˵ҲĬˡûû£Ҳûʲô˵ġ


217 ƻб
ҶŶ飬ŵͼһ·ٳڵĵطȥǵ˵ʱѾĵˡ
ڼ䱻ûʲôˣǸɻ˵߸һһʮԱôطһ춼ˣҲ̫˰ɡѵǷʲô鲻ɡ
ٳѡɽ㲻ɽڲǿΨһĲǸûˮԴһʱ䣬ٳѾɽ˺ܶ¡һΪĶʱݵ㵹ûд
ҶһΪСӲԸأû뵽ͻˡٳһҶͿЦ˵ͨȻ֪ҶҪԼϣ֮ô˵Ϊٳɸоһе˦ƹ˼
һʼ·ˣҰŪˣͻŲʱ˻ôһﶼ㶥ϣиһɡ
ҶһЦһȭںߵţǱԼѺáٳɷ˸ۣⶼʲôˣһ㶼ûв˼
˵ЦһҶеɻæ˵ǲǷʲôˣǻ·һҵҲû
ٳҶô˵üͷ΢΢һ˵㻹ǵҷֵǸɽϾȥﶢˣҷһ˼顣
˵ҶҲɽ顣ӦõɽˣʱٳɽܵʱЩˡϧ첻ͬȥᣬԲ˽ٳѡɽ顣
ǸɽȻǵã˵ʲôϵ
ٳɵһЦ漴˫΢΢ҶԵĸоһžǷ϶˳
ǽͬʱӢҲսһΡҵصǸɽٳɵڣ̧ͷעҶķӦ
Ҷ΢΢һ㶣æ˵˵Ǹɽ
ٳҡҡͷϴĪζ˵ǲɽķ֣ɽѾˣӡȰӢս֮ǰ߾ɽǻȴûнӡȰ˼
ô˵Ҷͷʱⶼʲô°߰ӣйͷ۵ġɽӡȰռˣӢɽһܣѵʲô˲֪ϵ
ǲǸоЩĪҷˣֻһֿܣȻֿǽϵĻϡٳ˵һͣ£ʱҶĲʲôʱ㻹ӣǳĵİɡ
ԩٳˣٳ֮ͣΪôԼĲ²˵Ͼе뷨Ҫģôƶ仯ˡ
Ҷǲǵý̹˵ǴͶƱ飿һ£ٳɻǾֻһҶΪӰҶ˼άҶܻвһ뷨
ͶƱҶһ¾뵽ʲôļǵ˵ӡȰ̫Ͷ޳ƱҲ˵֧ġ
뵽Ҷ￴ٳɣŵ˵˼Ѿˣò˵ϢԣΪսǿᣬҪҵѵĻôҲ˵£ȫܺɨ
ٳҡҡͷüγһڻ˵ǲųܡ
Ҷ΢΢һԼǰ⣬ò˵˴죬ٳҲûشԼ˵ôʹûӰʲôϵ
ٳɿɫȻ֪ʲô漴͵ﻹ˵־Ķ飬·ϣǿ̫Ķϡûв´죬϶ᱬһģĳͻ
Ҷٳô˵ЩɻЩһΪʲôôѵʲôܲɡ̫ϻھݵ㣬ͳвλãô֪ģ
ٳɣûоǵϢرҾͺ֪Ҫʲôȫƾ²⡣ҶЩյ˵ѵԼ뿪ս̫ˣѾʧȥֶϤһе֪Ӧð
Ҷﻰһ˵꣬ٳɾ͵һЦЩĪ˵ܻ֪ϵͨѶһܣǾϵҵĶӳ
Ҷһ˶ˡʲô˵ֻϵԼĶôڻϵҵĶˣ˵ˣ֪Ϊʲô˵ҪԼ֪ϸɵǸˣͿԳȺ̫ɵˡ
˼ǣǶʼϵˣҶʳһǰ׳յ⣬ǵٳɷ˸ۡһʺϵӳôӦġ
ҽѾϵ־Ķӳˣ˼ҪλὫӡȰУһֱۡٳɵһЦ˵
֮˾Ϳʼ黪ĶǲҲҪμսٳɵǷԵģҲҪǾãһûᣬĶȫԲμⳡս˵ܴıȡһЩ档ѡһеķʽǾ첹䵽Ժǰ
ʱȴ֪ѵصĻ÷Լ߸ҵıʲô˵ﶼŽƣϳϵľȻûԡ
÷ؽҸ˱ʾ֧ѵĸı䡣֣µ˵˽Ļͷ̬ˣȫƱͨ
ȻҶͬ⣬ôǾͿʼıһЩ趨ƻȣĲӵݣȫλõɽӦ֪ΪʲôֻеĶ鶼һ𣬲ܸѡǱߵ仯ǲûжʱ䣬ҪΪٳⳡս÷֣صƻԳĬƬ̣ͷ׷׵ͷʾԼͬ⡣
ȻǶͬ⣬ô˿ʼԼҵĶ鷢ϢǣĽλá飬ҲҪ͸¶ȥ

ҶӦôֻ֣ʱܳǿϼƣȡʧСٳЦʵôʱĽӴٳɲòϣתıһϣҶ˵ΪֱҶ뵽һЩֵĵ
涯ֵĻӦô֣ѣһֱóֶΡ᲻ǺôξԲʵһ֮ô˵ԭġ첹ʹ󣬲õ٣ҪָĶһ롣ҾĿǰԣĶĴ͸ںߡӢһΣҩ϶ĵĲˡ첹һڵҩ潫ͻĹĶγһ޴Ĳࡣʱֻ׳ޱȵʨʵһֱèѡ
ǴǿԣҾǲӦͻʱܡٳһգ˵Լ뷨ټҶ︹ڵԸ˺ܿһļϡ
ɽĴЦһľͬʱһСɽŵûɵıһ䡣
ʱͨѶͻȻεεεҶһԼͨѶæ
Ҷǽ̹١ͨѶսʹҶһһ˿ɻ󣬲˵ӲܺͶԱϵô飬ѵҪ͸¶ʲôĻ
ɻĿһͬЩٳɣҶæ˵̹٣˵
֯һԾ˵Щ仯ͬо콫ĵشҲǸɽеĲβһݣϣٳܺϼһ£óˣ͸¶һ㣬εĶԿϰ²վͻˣ㲻Ҫʲô֮ǣΪ֮ͺá˵껰ҲҶ˵жͨѶ


218 ҪЮ
ҶͨѶһٳɡΪͨѶСһٳҲȫݡ
ôٳĿЩ˸ͻȻı仯ЩӦ
ҶﵭһЦ¶һ˿û´ĻһǺ˱仯⻰ûǸٳɵʱ֪Խ࣬һԽá
вһô֯ĿĺȷǾǽжǿоһþսǰ
ٳҶô˵˼ĵ˵ͷ漴ֿЦ˵ǲ÷ȶԸ˭ˣһΣйұȻȫܾʧͲˡ
Ҷԣ΢ЦҡҡͷɲôΪ෴һܺõĻᡣ׻˵ˮ㣬ֻоԽң˵ܽ󻯣ԼҪǵľôˡ
ٳɣи뷨ûȤҶ΢΢̣ϵıЩ
ٳ֪һ϶йˣк֮æͷʾ߼˵ȥ
ǵھ̣̫֮ǰϵȻȥɽĿȨīɫͫһ˿⣬Ҷ˶һַâ¶ĸоٳɸоԼЩʶһˣСĵʱĺӴȷʵﲻݡ
ǲе̫ðˣǹͷǶȡǸɽûʲôôҺĹҵͬ顣ٳüͷͷع֣Ҷ֪Լ飬źܴĵǵġ
ҶȻˣûô׷Լ˼ʽȻҶﲻ޵ķʸ
Ǻʲôˣһ£峿˶Ƕȡɽڲͬʱٵ£ѡɽѡ񲹸˱仯ɽļֵ͵㡣Ҹҿ϶ҵʱᲹûʱǡ˵ţҶ˶ٶȿڣݽ̹ٵ͸¶ľս󣬺пⳡսͽˣҲõģ겹󣬻תǹڴǡɽһ֮ս
ٳҶķźۼĵ˵ͷܿ뵽һ⣬Ǿǲæʵǲô죬ǲˣ
ҶﵭһЦ¶һĨ֪ٳɻôһʣԺܿͿ˵ΪʲôҪȥᲹάһսĲֻ಻٣˷Ϊ׸
Ҷô˵ٳɾЩɻˡʲôж˷׸Ҳ̫˰ɡ
ѵһ벹Ҿ鷢չزǵʱ֣ܲܶһδ֪ٳɱܵ뵽ǷĶӵһ벹ΪľҶڴע⡣
ҶЦһ¶ûֶܶԼҶ˵ŵģǴ
һ벹ǾͲҪˣЩ˲¹ͷļһǲܶˡˣӡȰĿǰΪֹһǹδ˵ǵĵҩڶţֻҪǣͲóˡ
˵ȷʵûдҪһһ£°ûôװɡٳɸоʱҶһ̸ֽĸоҪ水Ҷķʱ϶ӡĴͼҶƻ
ģа취ҶһĨţֻҪԼѹ׵Ĺó°Ǻܼ򵥵ġ
ٳЩ˿ҶһŹͷ˰ɣ˼Ұô˵Ҳһô˼ңĺ
һٳɼȰҶֻܵͷͬˡҲű÷ϾȡɽǰᲹںҪǵһ⣬ĶȥᲹˡ
Աټһ֮Ҷֱ˵˵ԼĴ㣬Ѿ˵οҲƻȻðգҪɹˣھսУĵĶ齫ռݺܴơ
һ̫ɽ֮ǰ뿪ɽյͼϵ·ߣһ·شȥ
Ҷﲢ֪ʱвμӶԿĹң˷ۼɽڵλáЩȻյ˸ӵյĲ
Ȼܶ˶ԾսĵЩ⣬һֿƵĴȴǴڴġô˯ĴϣܺùżӲʯߡ
ʱƣƻתۼţȡ֮ŨŨҹɫڽĵĶɳĸǰ濪·Էֹ˱˵
žҹͻأĴһǹ죬Ҷæ̧֣ʾΡǴǰ治ԶģȻлٴʲô
Ҷü˼ʱǰææܻһˣҶһлٴӰ
ô£ҶüͷлٴЩ˵ԼļƻȴǺǳɹǽʩеĻϡҪսôļƻ϶ûʩˡ
лٴڴЩǺĻָ漴ͼæ˵ӳǰ˶˹Ķˣǲûгǿǹǳմһǹ
Ҷԣתͷٳɡ˹ľٶ̫ˣѵʲôĿģ
ٳ΢˼ʵԷû˵ʲô֪ĶңУǸأ
лٴٳôʣæǰ˵һ顣ԭΪ˷ֹƣ໥֮ľ붼ܽǰһ̣˹Ķҡڵĳǰлٴһ֪ʱѾ˵ĶѣһҪǹܿ죬˹˾ͳпһǹлٴҲͿ֪Щ˹лҪ˵Բֹס˿ǹĳ嶯лٴСת˶˹ӳĻҪǵĶԱƽǾͽǵĶӳҡ
ҶлٴĽܣüͷٴҲû֣Լü̫Ƶˡ
˹Ҫ̸𣬻ųߵ㣿
ҶԺͷתͷٳɣȴٳҲڿԼ
ţȥҪұˣǸƻͷ㾡ܵıס顣Ҷɵ˵Ҳٳͬͬ⣬лٴ뿪˶顣
ٳͷһȣһʱ֮䲻֪˵ʲôá֪ҶѡڽΣյľأٳȴҪܼ尾ҲźҶһĴ㣬ϧҶȿ˿ڡҲԼһ㷴ĻᣬҶҪʧӰٳֻܺһɤӡ
ҶӻŻֻӢۣʿٳȻֻ֪ǸϰҶҲʧȥǾһУǵҶҪǱ˹̭֣һ
ٳô룬ҶʱȴŲͬ顣ֱ˹Լôַ֮ʽԼ϶лҪ˵ߣԼ汻ˣҶҲĻعԼСӡΪĸоεĲ򵥡׿˵ҶԸĶһֱ̭
뷨˵Ҷжôų̫࣬ǸųĻܿʧȥһ仰˵ľ۹뷨Ҷ͡۹Լ֮ѡһֵĻô̬Ҷ϶ѡߡһֲ۵̬ȣǺģȨѡȻĻȥԼʹΪȥĪУΥԡ


219 ̥
ٳɵĻڶ߻룬ҶﵭһЦǰСлٴʱЩжĿߴΰޱȵӰҲ˸ɣлٴЩȷ뵽
һ˵طͻȥǧ¶棬Ҫǹ죬ٳɳˡҶﵭڡлٴüͷüЩһĻôڽһǴүǣܲܲ顣˵ˣӢһ̭ȥΪʲôҾͲУ
ӳ㡣лٴ֣µ˵Ҷ΢΢һ٣ߵּᶨޱһЦҪʵʻҶлٴһȼܵĻ
ǶӳȻůҶﲻòԼĻӲ
лٴҶķӦвû˿ȦҶľٶܹ϶Ǻڽˡǻ˵һлٴԼٷʲôʹҲûá
ӳǰˡлٴڣû˿ҶЩ죬ûлͷȥߣֻǵ˵ͷǰںڵĹľԡ
Ⱥ쵰лٴȭͷԾýһиž˵ɱ˸Ǵ⣬ҪҶı̭ˣһö˹ᵽʲôп־塣лٴԴΪһСܵϵͳľˣлٴĿãҲΪʲôѡԭΪݾͻ֣ʸô룬뷨ж
Ϊ㲻û뵽ĵĶӳЩƤ˹ڣеϷ˿ûε˼еĲ죬ҶȴԵĸоĵˡ
ˣԼϣͷҵĶԱҶﵭڣ˫ֻǿƤ˹һ۾Ʋ۾ܡΪһְҵӶ˽ԼĻǺҪģϰҶﱣ˺ܶ꣬ξӳ졣
˵ĻȻУҽһ£ҽƤ˹Ƕ˹ӵӳ˵ŻƤ˹֡
ҶҶﵭ漴סƤ˹ֻֽ֡ӴһҶܿ͸оƤ˹дľҶһָίһɲС
ҸƺɡҶﲻм뵽ϵ˺δ֡
Ƥ˹ɫȻĲ⣬ʱһͷ˲ԡΪ֣Ҷϵʼղ䣬ӿĺһ㣬һ˽һˣ಻û˿ߵ˼
һô־Ƥ˹һ䡣ЩǺҪѣȴҶʱȻɿ֡Ƥ˹ΪҪˣû뵽ҶôŹԼв˿
˵ͼںæûʱϷҶջ֣˵Ƥ˹ͼʲôϣһĵǼװģϧվʧˡ
ǻ˵ĳëûøˣԶһƨӡʱƤ˹Եɭ˹ЩˬˡΧˣһ˻ҳƨװʲô⡣
Ҷԣһ˿⣬˵ɭ˹˵һȺǰҲҪš㣬Իͷ㡣ɭ˹صĻҶɱ⣬ȻʱҶԻĹĹвǿ⻰ҪǻʱҶǵԷͽжѡڲͬˣѣ˶ǻˣһսѡʱǾԲԼǰ軪ĵġ
Ҷӳǵĸӳ˵ЩӣƤ˹ղԣټǰҶԼӡæһɭ˹أЦ˵
ҶЦһҲ˵ֻǵƤ˹ĺ
ҶӳˣЩֶҪǻĲ෴Ǵųġϣ֧һҶӳӦ֪ǰαļһѾʼˡʣµĶҪǲʲô϶ᱻ˳ԵĹͷӶʣ¡
Ҷ˵ͷȴûʲô顣Ƥ˹ԼڷϻĸоѵһﲻȤӦðһǵѡһ￴ҲǸ˰ôһ
Ƥ˹ЩŭҪʱҶ˵ˡ
ȷʵ˹˵ķʽҾЩˡҾƤ˹ӳһ飬ǲǴͨһУø̸г룿ҶЩϷʣ̵ǸƤ˹һԼСĸо
ȻҶе£Ƥ˹ʱôܳϡ۾һתϻصҶӳ˵ЦˣΪȷʵЩ׵ҿԱ֤Ҿû˼֮ôǲóȻ֣ûĵĶ鿪Ҳ֪ڹ˵ǶǾߡƤ˹Ļ˵ͬʱŵ̬ԼԸӿһ㡣
ô˵Ҷ¶һ˿ԭ˵ı飬ȴЦѡ˵˹ֱǰƤ˹ȫֱϹϵһƤ˵һԣƤ˹ĹֱѡΡ
̸ǸҶԼӦʵһ£ҶԷжϡ
Ҷϵı飬Ƥ˹֪ǺŪȥˣҵͬʱҶһ˿мֻǸûͷԵļһһΪжû뵽Ǹӡ
Ƥ˹ӳǲӦøңôϾͷģǿ϶ЩɡҶ⵭˵Ƥ˹ȴһֿʼװˡһƤ˹ѾҶΪ֫ȫͷԼ򵥵һˡ
Ȼô룬ȴ֣ص˵ҶӳӦҲյϢɣǲʹʱˡһ߸ҿ϶ۼһ𣬵ʱⲻһսͻĽɹͬˣս
ҶﵭһЦһԼɵˣ˵ƻȴһϸڶûУһѷϻȻмһˡҶȴһϲ
Ƥ˹ӳ˵̫ˣǰôӦأܺͶ˹ɹͬˣٺòˡ
Ƥ˹Ҷô˵Ҳǿ϶ν˵顣Ƥ˹룬ֻҪѻĶԼӪ棬ʱֻҪһȫûҪǻʣµʵǿԼҲһѣѶԷС
Ƥ˹СžŵʱҶҲʼ顣ǰļƻȻʵУôܽ˹ӵܳҪúòһˡ
Ĳϵ̸ֽһҶŴԱ뿪ˡʱ˹ҲҪ·һԻ֧һ̫ۣ˹ϵҲʺϱ¶
Ƥ˹˵ҶȻͬˡĶϻӡȰľݵȻʺö˹֡
Ҷû°ɣһҶ֣ٳһ˶Χ޾æ˵Լ̨ʱ޾ˣлٴٳϺݺݵ˺һۡûǵ˼ֻƵĵҶ˵
ûʲô飬˹ҪˡҶﲻʲôֱ˵˳
ٳһüͷǲˣǳڽѾоƽı£ӿİ
ôӦģٳæʵ
ҶﵭһЦ˵Ȼͬˣôõ飬Ķȥòŵģơ
ٳɲĿҶһۣЩɻҶΪʲôôˣɲǵ˼ζʱӦһб뷨ҶһۣٳҲʼСž
׻˵թٳɾԼѶ˹ǹʹҲڵ֮⡣ο˹ʲô뷨ء


220 ǹƥ
ˣȲ˵ˣôø·Ҷ￴ʱ䣬Ѿϰ˵㣬̲סüͷҪҹӡȰ϶ҪһЩ׼ģӡȰ϶Ҳŷ
һµͷѾĵ׿ʼҶˣĻȻҪһ˳ҹɫһ·оСʱԺ󣬿ӡȰڵɽʱѾʮҡ
Ҷûиое֣һ˶鶼û˵йҶ𣿡޾ɻʵ
ҶﵭһЦЩһҪױ¶Ǿˡڿ϶ҵ˾صĵطյĴսء
޾лٴһȥٳ˾͵ϢעΡҶһ˵֪Ѿʼȫӵָ
ٳɱûоҶʲôףܿ͵˵ͷͬҶĽ顣
˺ܿ뿪˶飬һ·СɽɽſڵӡȰĶԱ¶һĨ˼
Ƿͷ鿴һΧҪûҵڶ׵㣬׼֡Ҷﵭ˵һȥ޾лٴһҲѡȥ̽顣
ף˴ŽµĺۼҶԺһӰſżӵĻ档
⵹Щ鷳ˣеĹҲطˣȥˣҶ̧ͷܣЩɻ
벻׵ԼףĴֱ뿪˼ӵĵص㣬طȥڽɽλ̽˸֮ҶͷصԭءʱлٴѾ
޾ûҶ￴ֻлٴһˣ̲סʵ
лٴͷ˵ͻһӳûзˣҶҡҡͷ
һ޾ææ˻ˣ޾Ϳ˵ǲ˭
Ҷüͷһǵģʲôʱ˻ӡ
˵ˡлٴ˵
޾һЦص˶˹Ķ飬Щ˲֪ʲôһֱڸǻ˵껰޾üͷȻڶ˹Ķ벻ͨ
ҶɫҲǲÿ˹ôͼԣҲǶӡȰ뷨ȥĶҪ֣ͲͶ˹һ
ûз㣿Ҷһ£üͷʵ
޾æҡҡͷ˵ǰ˲֪ʲôûзңҿ˴죬ҲʲôԲŻˡ
Ȼû˹ҪҶЩҪǱĹҶ֣Ҷﻹʹֶ֮ǻɶ˹ЩˣһΪոˣҪʱͻô˹ϵʵˡҶö˹ĶĿǰüֵҶﲻôʧȥӡ
ȻȥɣҪû´˹ĶҲҪӡȰˡҶﵭڣȳʱķȥлٴһæϡ
صٳߵʱ˶۰Ͱ͵ĵ˵ϢҶｫǰһ£ٳҲüͷ
ҶôģٳɿҶ˵֪һ϶ôһЩ뷨
ҶĬһ˵ɽ˵ʲôҲҪ£ǻĶ󱣴˵ĹؼԷȻǲܡ뷨Ƕ̫Сһȶɽȶ˹ˣֱ¶棬ڻĺͶ˹˹ϵǿ϶ᶯ֡ȻҲ˵˹жôעˣҾǱǱǵ˼˵ģǻмֵ֮ǰǿ϶Ϊɽ鶯֡ȶ˹ռɽǳ䲻⶯֣Ӧɽһǵͼͱ¶ˡ
ٳҶĻͷϵԽѵû취𣿳ڽû¾ݵ֮ǰٳɲԸӡȰ֮ĶͻΪռƻĶӽҩᣬͻζſԱʧԼҩģٳɲԸ⿴ġ
ٳԺк÷ſеķֱһķ
ٳɣҼǵ˵ɽڣ֪ܴ֣ܲⷽҶͻȻٳɵ˵Ļע档
ڣٳ΢΢һ㶣ԭŵһʱչ˿ǰԼΪʲô֣ⷽ
뵽ˣҵʲôҪǴȥ˹ȡɽҲ棬ͶԷͻɽڲռܴ󣬶ҵرӣҪͷ˹һὫеĵطһ顣ٳ¶һĨ˷Ҷһ仰ǵ
Ҷ΢΢һЦȴû˵ʲôٳһΪͬԼĿ¾ʹǸصĶȥ
ʮ֮վһ漸ɼĶڡطïܵڵʵʵģˣһֱӾͺˡ
ǽȥɣҶСһ㣬ڻųӡ˰Ŀԡٳɶһ䣬;ǰܼ˽ȥ
һæϡҶ߽ɽоɭɭĸоڸŷùζӦѼ⣬Բɡ
һƬֲָҪ˶ҹǣ߶һ¡
ٳɴһǰƣƹͨãȻףæٳɵĲΪٳɵĶе˶ͷ·ŲᣬټڲָˣҲἰʱֻĵĶ顣
ԺҶ﷢ǰŻ⴫ȻԶǺɫĹâҲģɼ
ٳȻҲǷ˻Ĵڣæͣ
ǰӦӡȰˣӦúܽӽǸˡٳСڣֿԶϴһĨ˼
ҶﵭһЦٳԱߵڣǲһֱŰɣطס˵ġ
ٳһɬ˭Ųͣùζô˵Ϣˡʵ׼Ҷأô졣
ֱһδģûӦЩӡȰһԶˡҶ¶һ˿аЦƺڱﲻܵ飬ֻǾ֮Ͷѡ
ٳôһ˵ɫ΢΢һ䣬ЩһﵨҲ̫˰ɣҶǸԹҵľôӱĺٳͻȻ뵽һ顣ǵҶ˵ҪһһĽʱԼţһ˵а취
ǵ˵а취ô˵¡ٳһʵҶﵭһЦȴû˵ףٳǶԼ鶯ˡΪһǸƫڷˣڿˣٳɺȻҲǸƽļһ
ˣ˵˵ʲôҪеͨǾôɡٳҶа취κεҩӡȰǶľЩɻ˫ʵಢ󣬻ĶӵʲôԷ
Ҷһ˿ȣ󵭵˵һ£ȥȥڷ飬Ҳܸ㣬ܡ˵껰ҶվԶĻȥ
Ҷٳɻ˵ʲôջһĻӡȰܽˣҶѾʮˣҪǺ̫ıӡȰˡ
һǵģһ仰˵ˣҪǹƥȥսʮ뵽Щٳ̲סһԵ޾Ҷһܽģ˵޾֪ʲô
ңҲ֪ôġ޾һ̯ε˵Ȼô˵ȴ뵽Ҷ˵һ޾ﲻ֪ڴ


221 һƵ
ҶСĿŻ⴫ĵط룬Ǿ롣벻βˣҲܵʹáҶֻҪ˵Ļ˯ѨУЩ˾Ͳ˿
֮ԲٳɵˣΪһֶδǰ¶֪һõģ඼ȥˡ
ʱƣҶ˻⸽ʱ򣬼ӡȰҰС
֣ΪʲôֻĸˣأҶЩɻĿŶĸˡ˵ӡȰĶĿǰʮ˶ڣֻĸɽǾʣµʮĸȥĶ
벻ˣĸ˵ɡҶðͷͬʱв֪ʱѾöź룬ʱģʮö糤̣ޱȡ
ʱĸӡȰĶԱڿĵ̸ʲôҲŮˣҲʵĴ󴲣ζͣǶûΣյٽҶȻЩ˵ʲô֣ҲͲԥֻֻ̧Ȼ͵һĵǴĿδˡ
գѾ¯ĵزʱȻʲôʧĵָˣһգ۵Ĺͷ׷û˵Ļ˯ѨСǸոջ̸ˣ۾¶һĨʧȥ֪Եȥ
ҶﵭһЦʹӲʯ˳ǰϸһ£ʧȥȤһӣ˻˯Ѩͱΰ˳ЩʺڲţҶһƣϣ¶κ˵ǰ
ʱͻȻһ˹ҶһͿˡ
ʲôˣ￴ĸѵڵ֪һ˲̧еǹָҶʵ
Ҷû뵽˷Ӧô죬ûнšϷ¶һĨº͵Цݡ΢΢ſҪ˵ﶢҶ죬ƺǵ˵
ʱҶַһӣһöէֵĺ򲨲ﻹӦ˫һˤڵϡҶЦһ¶һ˿м
̫ˣô׾ˡҶγ룬һ᲻ὫԼ͸¶ȥܿ϶һιȥ֮ǰûŪʲôԼʧȥʶġ
ողǹָŰʱһСֶΡ΢΢ſǴһּ򵥵Ӧáһʱ᲻֮Ľϣ˫ŵʱǺ׷
Ҷ⽫ǻſΪԻ֣ΪԼʱҪȻϵˣһ˲䣬Ҷͷɿ롣һ϶ûʲô͵ϮԼ
ĿǰʣʮˡҶ˼һ£벻ȻŸո˳ֵĵطȥҪû´ĻǰӦһЩˣпȫӡȰĶԱ
ҶС̤ɽʯ̾Ͷɵ᫲ƽСԼκʱľ߶ȽţȻո˵󣬵ǲųˣҪԼ֮һСı¶ˣҶԼȺ֮УʱʹҲֻܺճ
ʱǰĴҶһ͸Сĵ˹ȥʱͿһСƽϾۼӡȰĶԱҶﶨһ಻ʮ
Щеڴ죬еڳŸеϸµĲеΪǸɸģЩ˷ֲڲͬλãҶЩˣֱͬķλҶһԸ㶨Ȼǲкʵʵġ
취ȻЩ鷳ˡ̾һҶ￪ʼ˼ŶԲߡʾ֭ҲûôܽЩ˲źۼĽ
žʱɽһǹ죬ߴĺһ𣬶ڵӡȰѸٵվЩ˵ķӦǺܿ죬һת֮䣬а˸˳ɽɽǰķ¡
һʱ䣬ɽ⴫žĽɽʣµҲǺܿ챻ӡȰĶӳһ˿ٵĳҶķӦöǾѻ֮ģ壬ѻǹ
Ҷ￴ԼܹӡȰĶԱ¶һ˿Ц⡣ȴ˿쵽ǰһ뱻ٴƬ̺һή˵ϡ
˹˶ˡ鷳Ҷüͷͬʱ֣ǰûԤϵѾˣֻӦԡĸδľѻ֣Ҷһ˸ȴǾ͵ظЩڻܽǶ赲˹ĽŲܸҶһʱ䡣
ǹһ̣ٳһҲˡһ֮󣬾ͼӿٶȳ߸˹ʱǻΪҶﱻ˷ˣԲŽġҪӪҶ
ʮ֮ٳɵ˿ǣ˫Ѿʧ˹ȻָɵǶʣʮһʱ˺ӡȰķǲܵġʱӡȰʮһ˴ڣ˹Ҳٶʧˣֻʣʮ
Ҷǣٳһ֣ͷҶſһʯ棬Լæʵ
ҶﵭһЦ˵ǲΪұˣ̫СƸˣûںͶ˹ûء
ٳֱӺҶ¶һ˿˼Ǻܹϣܿ˵ӡȰжˣҾǳֵʱ
Ҷһ˵ոճȥ˰˸ҽһǹӦʧˡӦûʣʮҰɡ
ٳûһ˿⣬ڸոոʱͷ˱ҶŪιȥˣô˵Ȼʲôʡ
ȵһ°ɣƴһûٳɵһЦϸŽƻɫ¶νթһҲӦõ˵Ƿ켫ĵز
Ҷô˵Ȼǵ˵ͷ֮ڻûӡȰĸѻֽǱ뷨ںԮˣȻżˡ
ս˫ʱƣʱӡȰҲ˲֧ͷԭ˸ˣʱʣĸ˹Ǳ߳˸տʼѻԱδʧз֮£ӡȰĶӳʱͻȻʲôԼԱȥĶˣǱ˹ɵôӦûʮĸΪʲôֻа˸ˣ
ѵ
Ժиոͷʱ򣬻룬͸о˱һɵУ漴ʧȥ֪ȥͬʱѻ֣ҲǷ׷׵ȥеͻҶЦһվҲǷ׷߳ʯ
ĸõٳɣϵƤ˹ҪͨҶﵭ˵뵽ʲô޾ȥǰε̭ԱߵùҶںؿڴһǹ
Ƭ֮ӡȰȫԱϡ£Ƥ˹ҲɻķеͻһĿɽôûˣѵûӵˣƤ˹뵽ܣܿͱˡ鱨ʾӡȰڽҹ֮ǰһδҲ˵ǵĲǳԣûȻΪûӵԵʣҪ֪ÿһʼŵĵҩ㹻ʮ˼Сʱϵսΰһ
ѵ
һõͷոðƤ˹ϸ롣һεεε


222 ɽһ
ʱ˭ͨӰɣ
ɻƤ˹˽˵ãƤ˹ǣ
ҶһЦ˵Ƥ˹ӳǺüԣôͲǵˣҶ
Ƥ˹һ鴤жʱʼˬʲôҺüԣĶ˵֪˭˵ͨϴʾء
ȻˬƤ˹ϱºҪҶ֪һǸıңһô顣
Ҷӳ˵ﻰҿһֱź͹ء֪Ҷӳʱͨңʲô𣿡Ƥ˹һЦ˵ʼ̽Ҷ⡣
Ҷһ£¶ͨ˵Ƥ˹ӳ֪Ҹո·ͰǰӡȰʰˡҾǺ˵һϾ˹ϵǵĵ˾ǵĵˣӦû
Ƥ˹ɫһҶ⻰ɺϣϱࡣܿ·˳ְæʲôӴ˴죬ʧѣҪҰæ
뵽ԼҶ˼£Ƥ˹ɱҶĶˡڻ˺Ƥʱ˿׼˵ͨѶִҶ
ιιƤ˹ӳô˵ˣֻһС£㲻̫ж
Ҷ˵仰ߵĻĶԱ̶˺һ̫Ҫˣߵڰ׾Ѿ޳ܵˣڻô˵Ͳ°˼Ѫ
ڻĶԱôʱƤ˹ɫˣ˶ǳ˲Ӭһ㣬һڰҧÿ֨֨졣˿ǿ˵ĳ嶯˵ҶӳЦˣոտźŲãɽ顭
ҶЦһаˡ˵ǣȻᱻʵ޻˵
Ƥ˹˵ﻰɽȻǵġֻڣҵĶԱΪսЩˣʱɽϢһ˯ˣȻ뿪
޳ܰҶ仰Ƥ˹ĹĶԱҲǲԼͬð뷨Ҫģû̶ֳȵģô޳ܣĺ
Ƥ˹Ҷô˵аҶͬʱ侲֪ҶȻռɽǾûóԼĿܣں˵óǱֱӺˡ˭֪첹սһ̭꣬Ĳˣε߹ԿͽˡʱóɽʲôãѵǶ˹סɽﲻˣ
ȻҶӳô˵ˣôҾͬˡϣĲᣬ֧ͬЭսƤ˹ָ˵˵
Ҷһһô˵֪ܲʲôھʹӦ˺ߵĻ
ͨѶҶͷΧһ˶һӵĿԼЩɻ漴ʵǸң
ô˵ʱͬ˵޳ܡ
ҡҶȺô˵ϵĺ߶ʱһָָֻˣЩⶼʲôˣҿΪıң˵ˣô޳ˣе㸹ڶѣĺ𣿻УҺǶӳɣǶʲôذ
ҶһˬһʯϡģôСϱһǹЦ
ˣҶƤ˹ͻô׷ǲ͵Ϯɣٳüͷ˵ԼĵǡҶһҲʱ棬ʱҪ档
ǲҲûа취Զ˹ڵʵǷʲô͵ϮǾ͸ˡ֮ڽսû˶ٵҩΪĲսڹκζ鶼ֻ·˷ݡҶﵭ˵Լķϵĳ˿ûε˼
ٳôһ˵Ƭ̵˵ͷҶҲЩһˡһƽʱûʲôȴƵô׼жǵѹֽ̹ٻѡӳǰ飬ٳɶҶԽӺˡһ˵ǹƥӡȰĵ̣ܲźۼĽˣһܿҶֲϵܸǲ١˵ⳡӡȰսҶһֲ߻ʵˡ
ٳţ֪ԼѾҶˡһԼǿսָ˼άҪǿԼ
ҶǽӦôٳһ£Լĵ⡣ĹĶĿǰ״̬õһ֧ٳ֪Ĵ֮£ҪǳһǳСľʧôܸܿĶӴ֮֡ÿһʱǺСĵҶ
Ҷôʣ漴̾˿˵ĿǰҲûʲô뷨ǲܷʲôǿءֻҪ˵ΧͲʲô⡣
һҶô˵ոջ˷ܵ϶ʱЩǶ֪ڵĻĶֵ̫ˡ۶ԣĿǰӦֻе־Ķͻһǵ־һδûоսĹĶȴǼӲսӡȰĲ
лٴȥһӡȰĵҩʣ١ҶͻȻǽŴŵľɫӣæ˵
лٴһ⻰æ˷˹ȥһһ򿪣ʱһ˷ܵ˻
ӡȰĵҩк֮ܶ࣬ǿǱߣȻʳȺһ̲УǺܻܡ
Ҷԣһʣ֮ĵҩζʲô̫ˡζŻĶЩսƷСʱĸǿսټԼĵҩôĶӱŽСʱĵҩ
Ⱥһﵹ˼£ǾͲΪҩ鷢ˡҶϵϲβס˶ûгЦҶְҵˣҩʱҪ
Ҷﲻ֪Լôʱ򣬴ʱƤ˹ȴںݺݵԼ˹սСʱιӡȰľݵ㣬Ƥ˹кܴԭҪӶᵯҩò顣һкôҶˣŭŹ֡
ڶֻ֮һĵҩʣ࣬Ƥ˹ЩЩֻ֧ʮսһСʱʱ䣬Ҫʱûȡô˹ṋ̃ԼͿԳˡ
ɭ˹أǲӦȥĶŪ㵯ҩ뵽ճƤ˹ʹɭ˹ص
ɭ˹ش̵Ǹ֣ϧˣƤ˹ҴˡͰƤ˹һֱۣƤ˹ĻƤ˹һķӦ֪ܲʲôʱﰵ֪Լɭ˹ء
Ƥ˹һţһŽİ취ܿͽ̫ϡ
ҶȻ֪ΪԼ޳ƣֱ̫֣֮Ȼ֪ˣҲһǿĲѡ
ʱһСɽУ̫һʮ˶ڵϡΧһԲȦᲹ顣̫ҲʧأͶ˹սɵֱҶڱݾװƵʱ̭һֻʮˣ̫ȴûһ٣ԴǾĽΪ۹սǵҫ֧սһ̡
ɽӳ֪ǽӦô죿һ̫ԱСʵҲ̫ͬУֻһӳе鶼һ˾ˡ
ɽԣ۾˵ˡ˶ʱŵӡ
ȻаţҪû¾;ϢɣһսǴŹâʱǱ뱣־档ɽĿڣ漴Ǳ۾
ӳǲȥ𣿡ʱֺ͵һĶԱɻʵ
ɽ۾Ȼţû⻨һ˼ȴƬ̾Ͷ׷Ϣˡ
һȺ׳գǴսˣѵ˳սɡɽвм뵽СʱԺЩˡ


223 
ѵصĻ棬һŹաŨŨڻƮиǻѩѵζ
ӡȰһڻҵĽвʱĺݺڹŰͻعѩѡ˶УƺֻΪԼ档ΪһӵĹңܵѹʮ־޴󡣳˱ʣѾʼŻعôˡ
ʱϺޱ飬ȴǸ˵ĲˡڵĻĹδʧһ˵£ռĵΡҵʱҲһЩģķĶĵҩӦСʱĸǿս൱ڻĶ㲻μĲսҲܳŵսھǵĻĶѡμӲսǶһ٣пΪˡ
˹ӣȴŷŭ˸ʱĺݺݵƳһ졣Ķôһڣýֺͷ붼֪˹ڵܲʣʮҲᣬҩǸ⡣㲻ã˹ܿܳΪڶӵĶ顣
ȻЩȴǰˬѣľ̫ˡϣ̫Ӿ⵽˺ߵΧ̶ʱڵ̫ʿܿ˹Ĳҵһϲǳ˵Ǽʹ첻ˡ
ٺ٣ΪĳЩжڿҲСȪһ뵽Ĵ̲סʼ
˻һӡȰͶ˹̾Ʋͷеŭƺʱ籡һ㡣ӡȰӺݺݵһ˵СȪһǣһԱԼĲ
Ȼ˹ӾûôƢˣֱӾͿڷ̵ĳЩ˴һȺ˼涼ͱһǹ̵⳰ˣ治֪
һڣСȪһ˶ˣͬʱҲһŹֵĿһֱĻʱȻ֪˹˵ʲôȻûƵ֮ľļ̫ӶԱĶɵһǴҹϵġ
ܱĳЩΪ±ȽϺáСȪһɫһ仯͵ڷ˵껰ϷʵĿһװûһ졣
üͷ΢΢һ壬СȪһɻ˵ˣܲСʲô˼ϹУֻļһѡֱӡ
Сһİ׳գΪܴﵽĿģоͲУҪ蹷һҧˡаѣ̫ˣûһ˿øС
⼸ҵ˿һĻ϶ЩϲɫֵԽףǾԽ
ڻһĻҶȻʱѾ֮УĶӳڵĶԱ⣬˶ҶһæźܹĻᣬ飬ȫõġ׻˵߶ͣҶһһ˸һ֧飬ǻżʲô
һƬİïܵĴУ˹Ķ黺ǰšĶѾһСʱʱƣ˹ѾЩˣƤ˹ɫѿ֮
Ƥ˹Ѿ˲Ҷˣ˵ҵ̫ӵλòؼġȻСʱȥˣɽԲĵطǼ˸飬û̫ӵټ
Ⱥ󵽵ײĶˣ
Ƥ˹ЩȻһֱǿûйҳһࡣ
ɭ˹أѵͼҡƤ˹һŬҪǻҵ̫ټôֻܷƻˡʱѾ賿һˣʱѾƣˣƤ˹֪ԱҪٲϢĲսûμˡ
ɭ˹ؽͼݸƤ˹ɫתһߣߴʮһԱɨЩ˱죬ΨһĹͬƣѣߣѾǰ۾ͬһľĸ·ˡ¶һ˿įɭ˹ЩԳЦЦ䵽˵زκˣҲûԹޡ
ǳܿܰɣɭ˹ε뵽
ֻʣһɽˣϣҪʧˣжĳͷһ˳еƤ˹ϸͼ֮ն˵
ɭ˹΢΢һ㶣Ƥ˹һ˲ͨг˸жŨŨŭδս˥ⲻһ־սʿӦе̬ɭ˹Ҫ˵ʲôʱٶ뵽˶Աǵ״̬Ķ˼ֻһƳ̾Ϣ
Ҷһ㣬ǱѡʤѳΣǴǹңǰ׹档ܽǶҪսסƬϣҲܴųع
Ƥ˹Ļһۻս⻺ɢʮж⣬ǾһͷľһҪսһ̡
Ƥ˹ԱķӦһ˿ʣݺݵĵ˵ͷźڰȥ˿ҲѸٵĸϡ
ܿ죬ʮ˹ԱͳһСɽǰڿɽһ̣Ƥ˹ŨŨľԿ϶ԼʧˣֻǸڲɽڸûʲô˷ڣһطôжڣ
ӳɭ˹ЩҪ˵ʲôȴֲ֪Ӻοʼʱֻѹ֣ĸһ˲ȫվһ˹ԱǵˮŰӨỨ޾ˣڰҹڵϡ
ǵǰֳæµĹǸ˹һĽһֱеʥءȻһ̣ΪǸطĨˡ
ڿԺͥĶ˹˵̭ĳ衣Ƥ˹·ܿЩСһ˳ЦԼĿ⣬ԼǱ԰׹ŭû
ӳ㿴˳һƬ֮еʱ򣬶˹иԱ˵Ƥ˹˳ָȥһ̣嶼ǲ
̫Ա
һô
Ƥ˹֮£ﲻðʺҸ̫ͻȻЩӦ
ſûڵ㣬̫ĶѵƤ˹ЩɻĿǸһһ˵ŵԵļһͻأ
Ƥ˹ϵûǣ̫Ķ϶ɽ档ɭ˹ѵ촽һɵѪζڿдʱѾƶ̫Ķɽ档Ź̶˼άжϣԼ۾ġ
Ƥ˹˵ͷϴ˷ܣ漴ʹ˸ɫɭ˹ؼæ뿪˶飬СĶ̫ĶԱȥ
ɭ˹һЦиѪĹâȻһֵĺʱ򣬻ԼĴæɭ˹ȴǶ̫Ķ޵ҪȺǶ˹Ҳǰծھʹ̫ȻǻĹĶ顣
õδɭ˹غ̫ܿԱıһǿڻûѡһ˿ɭ˹˫Ȼ̧һסߵ죬һֳֵֻ״ݺݵĿ˺ߵĲ֮ϡ
е˷ŵڵϣɭ˹һվԼĶԱ˸㶨ơ
㣬ȥ׼Ŀ꣬һǹƤ˹һ䣬ʹ˳ɽ߽ȥ
ɽԺҹǵ£Ƥ˹ʮ̫Աڳ˯С϶ʱ¶һĨĵ˵ͷ
žݵǹ̫ʮʿӳڣ˻֮СƤ˹¶һĨοڴͬʱ˹ҲңǶ֪һս˹ŽһսĵյĲսϣҲþκˡ


224 µ
ƵĻϴ̫ʮȫ𣬶˹ѹֲסе˷ܣЦСȪһɣֱӱˡ
չˣˣƤӻԣ浽ϣЩѡŭý⣬˹ӺܿͿڻؾСʱǰǱ˳ױһΣڲȥôܳɡ
Ħ˹üСȪһɣаʮԱ˼һӵʱڽǷѵʲôõĽͲɣ뵽Ħ˹ЩȺھ군ˣҪϵָԼҵĶ麦ʲôѣԼɡ
Ħ˹ʱ̲ס̧ۿ÷ءֻߵɫںѿ֮СȪһɶй֮
һѶӣ÷ظо˶ˡҪĶڻʵƻֱЪ˹ʱӡȰӺСȪһɵŨŨмʲô˴ʲôĶȴﶼ㲻ϡ
ŹĶǵˣɫȴһ㶼ֹۡʱ뵽Ǹ˽ѣǸ޴ΣܳɹĽԴҲûף⵹˵죬ĳǵԼĶԱЩǹҾ޴ĲƸҪΪ磬첻֪ԼӦô񽻴ˡ
绮ּң֡ŨŨζڿУÿ֪ʱ޴͹УʡƬ̼䣬״һ硣ŵһ죬ϵķӼˣԶһƬĺˮ㣬ˣڱеС
Ҷﻺ۾һ˯ĶԱ¶һ˿Цݡڣž֮ϴľ޴ˮĻһĨ˼
ͬʱͬɽĹԱ˷׷Щ˶ԼͬĿʣƺ˼ʲô
Ҷʲô֪ʱٳվҶ˵
ҶﵭһЦȴûֻȴһ˿羪׹ƺԤʾһпĶҪȻԼҪһأͽۣ
ٳ̾һЩΪһľˣγԸ۵Ļ̫ˣѵԼҪ֮׵Ļᡣ
ʲô취ٳʣΪһͳѵɵľˡҶӾѰȡ棬ͷѾԺиٹˡߣΪ쵼֮һҪǵ̫࣬ЩɲԼӡ
սһ֮Ҷﵭڡٳһ˿įҶĻ鸴ҲҪȥģȻڣչֻܿҶƺ
ȥɣһᰲ׵ġٳûзҶ뷨ã˵ԸһʵҲ
Ҷôһ˵˿֪Լ뷨˽ΪһԮĴڣԼĿҪȥʵ֡Ĵսָܰ۷״̬˵ԽɭѹһֱǴڵġ
ллҶתһο˵ٳٺò顣һ뷨Ҫǵòߵ֧֣ҶֻܷˡΪ콫齻Լһ֮󣬺ͻĶĿǰҲŹϵ״̬ܺãҶþԼˣĶҲʵһ
СӲҪлңȥ˿ɱǶˡаҪΣˣÿİٳɾԼһЩ֮ʵ̫ѹˣоܲ
ҶﵭһЦ߽ұʱͱ۾ٳҶ･ƽĺһ˿ĪĹʣһɵĽ˯ߡ
һҹʱզ籩п峿ĳӺƽʱ򣬳һҹ𻶿ҹϴеһж͵ĸоҲࡣ
ɽĹԽԽ㣬ҶҲǴ˯̧Ƥ£һ˫īɫͫУ˸һƾҶվΣչһ塣һžı˫΢΢С
ˣٳɵҶ̲סͷȥ֪ʱһǳԼһ΢ЦĿԼһ
С鰡ÿζôһ£Ҫ಻ãñҶ¶һÿĻԴ٩Ļӿд
ٳһӵص㻹˼˵ҪôĶܱ㳳ѣٳȻô˵ȴ֪ԼëӾɵϰߣֻҪһ㶯ܺܿ
ǸҪˣͲ˵ˡҶһ£ε˵Ȼ˵ˣǽ̯Ѿܲˣڻ뿪ٳɣǲЩ̫ˡ
ٳɷ˸ۣһˬⶼʲôˣ⻹ǲ뿪ºһëǮϵ׸ңĺ
ҲܣҪ˵Լ˵ȥٳû˵ߵǽһƨ˫ۡ۲Ϊ޳ܵļһٳɾԼ˵һ仰ǸԼڿӡ
Ҷһ˿ΣȴЩΪһ˵أڿȫô°ѵͲ֪ͷ͵ĵһˣαôСҵڶΡ
˵ʵأҲ֪ô˵ˣ֪СҶһʰңһߺƤ˵һ˵꣬ͻ;ѻǹֱ·ˡ
СҶ㻹̫ˡ˶⣬Ҷﲻմմϲ뵽Ըǻۺ;˫ƤⲻŰ
ٳɿҶܳȥӰһѪЩ˳޳ܰҲ̫Ҫ˰ɡܿͷӦ˹һôǹ׼һ
﷭˴ٳɴһһ˼ʲôҶߵõɣͲ֪һܲĻʱ̭ȥˣǾĶˡ
뿪ɽԺҶоԼ˶СԿȥġ뵽ԼεģЩϢܿ
Ǹݵʱˡ£Ҷ΢΢̣һζлʱȴ̫ˣһһǹģȥΪ飬Щս׷ɵ£ҡֻˡ
ҶЩĲݵأоŨŨս⡣˷·һͷŹɽͻһһˮĸоҶﲻòϣӣĵطȥ˿̵Ѿ֪һԼε
ʱѵصʱֿУһɫĿʻֿ⣬ɽн
÷߹վڴŴŽʧڳеĳӣ϶ЩɲǶ֪ӵĿĵ֮Ŵս֮սĽֱӾŸԹҲμ
ҶҰɣʱ֪ռƻˣ÷صڣ漴ҡʱȴҪԾУôҶŲС档
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225 һǹǧ
ɫĿܿ͵Ԥص㣬صǻĶɽԶ֮ͣ󣬾˴ӳж˴Ҷ͸ѻŶѻСɽһĲ¶һ˿ƻ
ܿٴη뿪˲㣬ȫʧԶʱ򣬲ڴ֮еĹ飬ܿЩЩһﵹ̵ס˭Ҳһ֡ȻǶ֪ǹͷ
Ҷ¶һ˿ЦЩϷʱ飬գ漴һͷ
Ȼǲ֣ôҾһѻ𡣡
һ˿âҶָĿ۶İѻеĿȻǵ־һʿؿڡ
žǹڴ̵Ĵͻأܿͻ˿ϸ΢˻ĹĶӳ΢΢һ㶣ͫ׶ɵĽ
һǹ󣬴ŵӰ׷׶սƺҲһĻ
־ӳ˹ٿԼʿήȥӰ¶һ˿亹ͬʱеսȼ
ʿǣóǵǸսˣ
ͬʱͬͨͬԣӳĿзеĹľһ̷׷ҡڲҶﵭһЦƺԼĽ⡣
սɣҵһ̫ˡ
ҶҲǴӲʯ¶˳ʱѾ˾ѻǹһīĳǹǰȥҪսʽƺֻܽսȫ
ҶƤ˹Ҷֵһ̾ϳҶһ˿ɻһǴ˼ѪԵĳⲻ
֣Ķأôֻһ
Ƥ˹ѹеɻͬʱҪҪޱȵļһСĶ黹ͬ˵ĹϵƤ˹ֹ֪ϵѾûκˡҶһѣ϶˻ĶӵĵжԹϵ
ɭ˹أҴƤ˹һ˿ɵ˵ɭ˹ô˵¶һ˿⣬ͽѻǹķҶ
ͬʱ־ĶӳҲǸԱ´ͬƤ˹ͬǣѻ´һ˹ٿǸԾӰһ˿ףһ϶ǲöԸҲѻһֵԭ
ŵȸԾѣƹŹֵҶŨŨսԼһϳαһ˵ʲôҲҪҸֻ
ӳҪҪ֣ȸɵһԱԹ˵ҶǵĺӦģһδҸᱨȥˡ
ŵ򲻵òھ͸ɵҶǸܴջ󣬲Ľȴڴʱ
Ȳ֣ЩȻֵġ䣬ŵͿҶ͵һʯ֮䣬ĿӵĴϡ
ĿӵҶϲû˿飬ȻǼӲı䡣֮ЩĥԼġҶףֻܵΣյĹͷſָܻսĸ߶ȣܸһ
ƺǿȲҰ
Ҷв⻰Ҫóֵ֪ˣҲסˡҶʱƺǷɧ񫣬ܿߵСʱԶһǹ졣
䲻ݷ֮ʣҶüͷ΢΢һ壬漴浹ȥǿӵҲǴǰɹһ˿ȸдҶﰵһաвɵİǹһ̫ˣصʱʹ׼Լ˰
ʱӢУһ˻ѻǹϴһ˿˷ܡǲûΪʧ˿
һﵹе˼ǾҺúɡ¶һ˿ζ˵
ΣƺǸһĶְɣҪ֪ڸղ£㶼ʧˣζʲôӦñҸӢӳЦ˵ô˵û˿˼̫ǰһˣ˵ŵĻһǰʮġ
ǲǶ֪ɣǸһｻ֡εһЦֻ뿪Ӣڵĵص㣬ŴǱĽȥ
ӳһһӢԱƺЩεΪһˬ˵ӢӳͷĿһۣ󲻴κα˵ҪһʵҲô
Ӣз飬ҶȻǲ֪ڵæŶӵءŵһֽԶصͬʱԶǹĿԼ
Щһ޳ܣҶﰵһ䣬żæŵĶŷӵʱѾЩԼѡλˡλþĹλûЩģҪҶͱþѻǹԶǹػǹ֮ģȻǴﲻ̡ҶȻŶӵûԴܶػǹӵĳ̶ȡ
ӳ˵ҶܳȥȥˣڻĹĶڵɽУ޾һ鴤ĿٳʵʲôǴսӣһȥŪĺ𣿻У͵͵ûҵĸܣǿǵϣҶǲ̫˵ȥˡ
ٳɨһ벻һۣ˫ε̯̯ʾǱңʲôҶȥֻǸġ
ӳҲȥ֪ҺҶһϵģΣգҪǲȥǲ̫ˡ޾ɫõĺܿ죬תۼ뵽һϺƤ˵Ȼô˵ʵźҶһĴ㣬ǾͺսһΡ
ٳɰһۣĵ㻹ҪҪˮƽ綼򲻹ȥҶȥֻ˼ң˵ҪǶܳȥˣҵʱ˭ɽ
һߴȥҡٳɺľܾ޾󵭵ɨˣּ˵ʲôʵʲô飬֪ǶȥսһҲôġǵǵʵܱ֤һݺսܱ֤Լ϶Զǵ˼ǵǾ
ٳɵĻɽдһֻĹĶԱҲǷ׷˼ٳɵĻ˿ûп˼ǲòʵҶصֶΣĴԣӲսⶼǱȲϵġ
ðɣջ˵Ļ޾һ˿įԵ˵˿įֱŨŨս·һ̣ҲҶһսһ㡣
ҲõûʧҲһٳɻ˵򶴿ڡԶǹѾܼˣǸս׷ɵĵطٳɾԼƺЩ
ҶﲻͣĶŷӵͬʱҲڲϵĺšսʱͻ״ȻѵЩ˼òԶһ㣬ԱԼ֪ٶڽΣУڱ̭ˡ
ͬʱĹӵҲǿʼкˡѾȷҶֻһˣսǸŶӵ飬˵ǿҲѷ֮жԶвҶвƺôֻҪԼչ˾ͺá
ʱȥʮӣҶ･оԼӵ࣬вɵЩɻĹѾʼǻڲоȻˡ
ҪҪټӰѻ𣿡Ҷм뵽ܿ׼ǰ濿ȻʱȻоһ˿ڱܣҲû룬ͼæ˵塣
˶ˣ
ӵȻҪµλãֱֵǰǸѻ֡
Ȼ棬Ҿ档һ˿ЦҶﵭЦһ


226 
ҶſڵϣϸĹ۲ΧĻͨղӵķ֪ǸѻֵλӦǰûв´Ļ˿̶Էǹһ׼ԼڻվվĻڳΪ˱˵Ļӡ
ʱҶ﷢Լǰһ޴ɽʯһͷԺ
ֻȶˡҶɫ¶һ˼˵ʱһӷ˹ĿȻԼڱܣҶοٷڴͬʱֻһײǰſλ˸𻨡
ʧҶ͵һԾʯѻǹƵʲǺܸߣÿһӵ󣬶һ϶Ҷ֮ԸԾ϶
ͨѻҶһʯ֮һ˿ŪΪûǸϲļһɫ˶漴ͽѻ׼ɽʯм䣬ţҶֻҪɽʯôǿ˲һ
ԺиֳΧĳҶﷴŶԷλãƬ̺ĳۣжελѾָˡ峿ʱͽԲһĵζ鿴һ飬ǽѻλãλõȼǵһ
Ǹδ֪ľѻһǹһǹǴʮӷģҶλǺ˵һξ룬ڶǹȴǴӽӽʮһӷһǹӵй켣ɸߵͣڵϡζžѻֵλǸҶĻġ
һҶųԷطĿԣܿһСɽ¡ǸСɽ¾׿⣬ԺϾ͸ֳһӰʱһķСɽµıӰ񣬴ʱľѻǹ׼Լڵɽʯ
Ҷϸ۲ΧʱǿĴԾãļǷתš
ҵˣ
ҶﵭһЦɽʯԱߵһСĹľ㣬ߵӽֻܿһľԣһȴǱʯסˡ˼ƻҶܿ뿪ɽʯͬʱ˹ľԡ
Ҷſڹľеʱ¶һĨζЦԷǹǹЩǱҶԸⳡôҲһ
ҶСĴӱժ¾ѻǹԼĶһ㡣ΪʱѾܴӹľԵķ϶пСɽµĴˣζţڹľŪ̫󶯾Էܿܲ
ڶľѻǹܻľԡ͸ѻҶܿ׼СɽµλãͷСɽ¸ɨΣҶûз˿ѵƶʧˣҶЩɻ뵽ܿҡҡͷԼжûдôֻһֿܣǶԷ쵽ʲôѾתλãĻôЩѰˡ
ڰԼλȴѾ¶ܲҶЦһĵһѲҲĺʤġΣյľͦˣѵС﷭ɣ
취ˣҶﰵ˼⡣ҪжϳԷλãȻһֱڱ״̬ǸжأҶЩΪˣһʱûкõİ취
ʱĹսѾ˰Ȼľأ̶ʱսϾʮ˱̭֡ʱ˹ֻʣʮһˣʱѾʧˡֲпսƤ˹ЩڼʧٵġӢѾʧԱΪѻַĶ̰壬һʼͻͱ־õػǹֺͻһֱѹŴսʼڣֻʧһˡڵ־һͱҶɵһ֮Ҳٶʧˡ˹ˮһͶʮˣСʱʱ˳֣˹˶ˡ
ǸĵĻ쵰ҪǹõԼһˣ־ôô˹ٰһ䣬ܿЩɻôǸˣѵɵ˲ɡ
ʱҶȻ֪˵ٶȷ˾ʯ֮СժͷϵĸֿҶһ˿ƻͬʱŶԷϹһ򵥵ƭܶרҵľѻֶʶּսϻòҲûɵóҶ˼άб볣ˣҲôţҾһΡɹ˼άֹ֣˼άһЩضлһЩ벻ĺôҲпܱ˼άƭ
ͻŸֿ¶ʯҶʱҪԻ֣Ŀıǹ۲˵λá
õײҶǿֿһΪѵԵʣûб
ŵӷٰʮ׵֮䡣
ܿһݾʹԺð˳ҶﵭһЦ¶һ˿һ򵥵ƭƭ˶ԷλãҶԼЩ߹Էˡ
һ˿֪ԼǱǸƻĵƭˣȴû˿٣Ƕ籦ʯͫ¶һ˿Ѱζı顣ѾþûԴһֱˣһƺЩͬѡ
ȷĶԷλãҶһ˿档Ƕīڵ˫Уҫ˸˸⡣
ڴͬʱͻǹһߣʯһAWP͸߾ѾͳУ˨ӵţȻ׼տ۶һĶͬˮһ㣬û˿ɬ
žеľѻǹһͬʱҶβڵϣ˳һǰ󵹷ӨӨ̲֮䡣
ϧˣҶ΢΢˿¶һĨ˼ղųǹʱ򣬶ԷУֻһڵϵĸֿҶԾһǹԷĸֿҲǰǰʻ˻ȥ
ÿ̲֡סеľѻǹ¶һ˿͡ΪȫŽǰʮľѻ֣ε۹ȻҶոյĶҲڿһɲǼ䣬ǳһݵľֹ״̬ǹֻҪץᣬȫڿдƽȵһǹɻΪʲôǸоԣʲôЩ
ܿξе׻˵ҲȻԼѾ¶ˣξһǹôҲûȥ̧־ǹ׼һϵжܿͶӰ
ǸѲļһʧˡЩյ뵽ܿϾŨŨս
㿪ӵҶЦһּĹ÷κξͿ㿪ԷԼڳ˵Ρ
취ɵһҶʱѾû˺ͶԷȥ˼ˣҪƽʱĻ϶ԸͶԷ׽Բءǽ첻УܶΪһѻֶԼļƻ
ſеİ취Ƭ̺ҶժһҶԥĽ֮Ͷ˳ȥ

͸ѻ뵽һҪʱʲô˼ѵӣκܿȷͷѻֽ֣һӳҪܵ˼
ҵǸ߿ˣû뵽ֻֻѡ¶һ˿мЩɺܿͿʼʰ뿪һˣٲȥӳҪˡ
Ҷӳ󣬵ȺڵŨס˵֮ξͷ˳ȥȻ̽ԹûãֺܽƻòʩչԼֶΡ˾ֻײֻҪڰ֮ھУҶڵٶȣ嵽ǰӣʱʰòҪ뿪ӡ
Ǹ׳յԴҶ΢΢м뵽۶˰
žһǹҶﵭһЦήȥΡһʵǿ̫Դ󣬶˹˼άˡΪҶΪ뿪ģû뵽ֻһڻֶΡ


227 һʵ
һʱѵصĻ÷վĻǰɫص˵Ż߸ӣҲųء
ĻϴʱʾĲսһнĽṹͼͬʱźֱܶ÷ؾڸ˽Щ֡
һʵҽ1940꣬齨ʵҵǵʱ˾ǶţһֽС྿ƻҶ֪1939굽1942֮䣬˾ľƺܲʱĹĹ˾ȫܡգ˾֯һѧңʵңΪ˾оǿʿʵҩ1945ڶսԺ󣬵ʱͬ˹ľƶǺܺãһʵҵҲǱ˺ˡ
÷ؽ֪ͣôĻʵѿһƬң÷˿ٶ˵1969꣬ҲҵĹңٴοʼ֧һʵҵоһǱѧǲͼлȡ޸õǿҩ
һҰĴҶ֪ڳˣ뵽ң
÷ؽǲķϻȷĸǣεĿꡣ˹̲ס˵Ҳʳϵ⡣
εĿꡭ÷ɫһֽ˵εĿǴݻһʵң˵ɫһס˵һִٳɵģһʵʵܸǰȥֱԼعǸܼ
ݻһʵң÷ؽ㲻ǿЦɣǿĵطôݻ١˵ö˶˵ΪʲôҪݻ٣˹䳰ȷ˵ȴ뷨ΪʲôҪ
ǰһʵҵֹĺȥع־񣬵ǶСңǿҩѾ׶ΡһǰǵعǵĸսʿЩ˱볣죬ӲȴǺһӵûãֻд׵˺ǡЩ˵ĻָǿϵľԶòһ֮⣬Ǿ鷢֣һʵҵѾʼһЩֲ֯ΪάȫΣεڱС
һЦЩ÷صĻԶڴźƽĻӷսʲôʱӹȫΣ˵úҪûкôǻֶ
÷ؽƺ©ʲôɣ쵭һЦ˵⻰һڣ˶ǷӦ÷صƺǵȴʲô
׻˵磬߸Ҿһ𣬼һʮʿΪʲôΪάƽڵ˵ġ÷ԹһȻǲܵġ
ƻĻˣǸ÷аһ䣬ȴЦӯӯ
ȻҪ˵õǻѡͳһ٣ǿҩĳƷĽڷ䷽˵õģոҵĹ䣬ЩӦûɣ
ӡȰӺ̫Ӳˣ˼ǹΰæˣǵĶԱ̭ˣʱǻʲôף
뵽ǿҩջСȪһɫЩˣֶٶڰйоһֱûʲôĽչһʵо˸õǿҩζʲô̫ˡһǿҩ͵һսʿ൱ΪԼƾһǿս
÷ؽƺЩװɣǵĶԱѾ̭ˣǾ˵ûκιףҿ飬ҲԲͬ⡣СȪһڴǰʱˡ
̭ʵãĳЩʱҪԼĶԱȥ𣿡˹ӳαСӣûһ˿øУοһǰ̫Դˣ˹Ķ飬һһֱûͻ
ߡСȪһһ漴ƫͷ÷أȴĴ𸴣ǲòģȻǰ̺³ãʱ˵ʲôҲҪƴһѡ
÷صһЦ˵ҿǹˣΪչһЩңǽϰĻƶµļƻǣȫ̭ĹÿѡԱμ񣬶ʣĻϳһ壬ҲҪ಻ܳʮڵһ÷صЦһһμǶʮ
÷ؿĶսΪǿµһ϶ֵȻڵѾʧһЩˣţĶԱһóʵɾ޴˺ġ
һô˵϶Ǳܿ˵ͷͬˣҶ׷׵ͷͬˡȻ֪÷ô˽ģԼҲμõ֤Ҳ˲ôˡ
ʱһЩ飬÷˵һʵѾ˳սʿôЩͨʿܶԸܻŻЩ
÷ؽ֪֯Ƿṩ㹻ɱǷ֧ԮͻȻ뵽һ飬ǰĹٳһҡ桱𽢣Ϊְҵˣ𽢵жָ߿ƼĴֶѾѪֲ֮ˡң֪𽢾Ǳһʵٳֵġ
÷صһЦȻ־ԼļһڲòԼһˡһ⣬˵ԼԱһһֱֵģ÷һ֪ĸо
㲻õģȻ⣬ǲԼʿװʹս豸֧Ԯһἰʱϵ
쵭һЦ÷ص˵ͷвɵ˿÷˵ȻǲƭԼϣҲûƭԼıҪ
ڣҸҽһһʵҾṹΪǵ˼ͼǱ붼ʧܸգֻ1940ʵҵʱͼֽںѱ֤ûб仯ĵطǡ÷ϸΪ˽һʵҵĽṹ˶һš߸֪ԺǽҪԴӾ㵽չ¹ɲǲԴ
ڻٴæµеʱ򣬴ʱսϣսڼҶʱһïܵĴϣսλòǺԶֻ600ҵľ롣ڽ֮ѡػ·ߣһ·Σյ
ĴĹԲᣬڿʵͷƻΪʱսѾˣĹսһĿǰ˭óȻڲ㣬Ϊĸͼᱻ׷׶׼ìͷ
Ҷ￴εҡҡͷСЩһˡȥҲ֪ʱǸͷ
δˣҶһĨȣһֱһƻһֱûʱʵУòʱҪǼƻܳɹôĿʵˡ
뵽ľͲƽˡæһ·սǱȥ


228 ׷
ӺҶھս׵ĵط־ǲþѻҲܽսеһп֪ʱĸҶ޽˼򵥵ķ£ǵĴʴ
աһͻͻأսҵսͻȻ˶ǹķȥսȻк˶ͻǹΪ˽ʡӵǶѡ˵䡣ͻȻһҷ򻹲Ĺһ˲עⶼҪעˡ
ιûˣһȺ׳վ֪ôʲôʱѵȴҶûӵˣںƽ䣿˰Ҷɧһ˦Լķͣһɤӹ˶һ㣬ֶȵôѪ׷ɵսϣ
ҶƤ˹һ鴤ԼԴҶ󣬾û飬ںôһ
׼ҰɸӡƤ˹ŭ´ͬʱĶӳҲ´ͬȻʱǾȸɵɶĻˣȻڴӳ顣
Ⱥ׳գ汻ΰ֮ˣҶһ׼˵ʲôȴֺܶǹڶǵתԼ
ӦϷʼҶһ˿ƻһ̾·ˡ֮ѡƣԼ뷨ġҶЩ˲ԼʲôӡƤ˹϶ǺԼǣŵҲԼڵ־ˣտʼͱԼɵһȻôƢŹԼӢԼոøɵһѻ֣
ܷŹܸõĴƽ֣Ӧ׷ȥƤ˹һ𲻶˵
ЩĿһȺȥ׷һˣĺ˵ǲᲹڳȥ׷ɱˣʲô飿
ӳ㿴Ƕ˹һԱһŵָĳж϶ĵ˵
־Ҳ׷ȥˣƤ˹üͷ΢΢һ壬ͷӦԱȥ׷Ҷ
˹ٴһˣҶĳֻǽսתΪһְҵˣʱκһҶǲܵ飬ΨڱʱԥԼĶԱȥ׷
־Ͷ˹ķʣµЩɵˡôȥ׷˼һˣĺ˵ģֲӥץСģǲ̫ˡ
׷һҪɵ쵰ŵɫһãܿ´ȻǶ뻻ʽ棬Ҫ£
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ӳҪҪ˻ѲŪ֣һӢĶԱŲԶĲһ˷ܵ
Ūʲô׳հҪǳ˻飬ӭǵľ˵ŭ𣬻׷Ӣӳɫһڷŭ˵һȺ׳գⶼ벻ףҪǵҩҪǹͷû˵
һʱ֮䣬Ͻһδ׷ĹԱӽʮˣҶ׵ĵطγһɺĿǰҶĸҶЩĬʹ˿ĺܽҲûг˻͵ϮǵĿֻҶ
Сò˰ٳվһҰɽϣǰÿԶĸпվŵһȺĳԱôһ˵Щ
ӳ˵ҶʲôˣٳԵ޾æʵٳûͷûԵôһ䣬кɻ
ٳûĿһһ˵ô֪ʲôԼٳɽԶݸ޾һԳ˼ոͨԶǰһĻǿˡٳֻ֪Ҷﲻ֪˵ʲôȻǵŭڱ׷ɽɴܡ
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޾˼һ˵ٳɣ˵ɲҪǲӦҾͲ˵ˡ
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Ժ˷δͣ֡Ⱥɢ¶޾ʱ·Ѿվ˺ܶҪԼƾҪͷˡȻ֣ǶǴϣûͷʹӻЩҡ
ء޾ίͲ޳ˡ˿һЦ
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ٳô˵æֱ̯̯ʾԼҲ޹ֲֵңҿûзڡ
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ֲʲôܣҶһʵģС£϶ҪǰæǸͲȥϷ
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һٳͬˣʱǾͽʰ͵ҩȥˡܶ˵ڶһδͱﲻסˡܳȥˣѾһҪҪһӡ
˷ܵˣٳɿЦһ֪ԼԲԣֱⳡԿϰҪˣʱֳ㶯ƻĶҪ˱ˡ
ʱҶڻŲ·ıţͬʱҪֹͣܶХӵʱеΣ˶һŵ״̬ƺϸǱһֺܾûгֹĸоͷ


229 Ĺ
о־ΥϤУҶ¶һĨϲȻûлָǹòѾʼѡøлһﰡҶﵭһЦȺ˻β룬ӿʼڣ׷аСʱˣһ㶼ûз˼òҪġ
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աǹȻ׷Ķʱˣһ˷ӦܿҶ￪ǹʱѸٵſ˵ϡ
һﷴӦҶ￴УĵǸľ񣬷Ӧ治һĿ죬Ÿ˼֮ҶŹڵϴһܹ˼ŷӵ
һ֣Ҷﲢûٳֵ˼˵ʱҪľϰܶһְҵ˵ĻҲսʵ̡
ӳôҶСˣһСɽϣ޾Щɻʵǰ˶ԻĶһ·ܣȴûзְӰٳüͷû˵ʲôֻŵͼվ˼
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ףˣٳڤ˼ʱ߷Χڣһģĺڵ㻺֣Ҫûв´Ļ˾ҶˡʱٳѾ϶ԼǰĲ²⣬Ҷнȫͬɽ
Ҷһ߱һߵԼĺòϣԼһֵݳϷȷʵǺܴ̼ʱѾ֪һСʱУҶܹʮΣ׷ʮ˱̭ЩһӦǾöӣû˿׷˼ȫǲݵӡ
Ƥ˹ɫʱֻˮˣһﻢµĸо뵽ԼҶһ˵˱߰һȻ֪ҶôĿģҪ֪˺ߵĿģƤ˹ҪѪˡ
Ƥ˹ȥˣһ̫Ǹһëһֱʧˡɭ˹شŨصĺ˵ǰҶһﳯԼһǹʱûӦҪƤ˹ʱ˵ԼҲǱ̭ˡ
һֺĸоɭ˹ƺһ̿ҶŰԵȴϷʵãԼЩ˶һĵˡĿǰΪֹ˹׷б̭ڣ־Ӣ
ɭ˹ظоҪ׷ȥҶܿܽһһɵ
Ƥ˹ô˵¶һ˿ЦǺܿͱһĨƤ˹Ǹˣɭ˹ܷĶҲܲǶ˹һֱҶϳԿƤ˹Ϊӳ˵ʲôҲܾô׷Ѿ漰˶˹ҵ棬Ƥ˹ԼΪˣսһˣҲҪҶɵһ档
Ƥ˹֪һ뷨ģĶӳǶûз˼
»ˣƺ̫û˼ˡҶһԱ߶żɶӵɬ촽һСʱʱ䣬оԼֱˡҶʱҲоһ˿ףȻʱһֱߣûܵ˿˺ھ߶ȼе£ѾЩͷεĸо
˵ľģһֱڸת£׾ͻƣĸоҶʱ
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ԶԼԼһƬӰҶҪǲ֪ǻĵĶ飬Ǿ׻ˡ
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žҶ˼ʱһСľˣĶЩŻû뵽Сյӵ˹
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ҲҶԱҲֱһͳͬʱһţνŷ֮ǿдӺ滬гȥ
һб仯ֻһ˲䣬ҶĿ𣬳ǰͷӢʱ꣬˲䱻ɵӢĶӳһĻһ鴤һʧˣЩҪսϣ
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ŵüźۼĵ˵ͷĶĶӳһۣŵķ˹ȥ
Ҷ￴ͻȻͣĶ飬һ˿˼һѹˣ֪׷ûκˡ
ŵӳҾӦȽ׷ȥûκõġ˹ٵ˵־һֱǸϽĹңֻҪܴﵽĿģֶζεģ˹Ȼļ̳һ㣬ֱԼ뷨ϵĶǰһ̺ԼòֺĶ顣
ŵ򵭵һЦҲظǽĿתˣƺڵ˱̬ȡ
Ƥ˹һ˵ǵ̫ãڶԱǵҩϣͻĶӱȶǲܴȥĶӺܿܽһ˵Ƥ˹ǸƻĴˣû˵֮ĻǲָĹؼָ⻰˵ŵģΪ֪ڵһλһֱڱصãһ̬˵ĻָĹвŵ϶ᾯ
Ƥ˹ϣŵ⻰һ˿⡣ΪȫһǲԼκιҵģκϣǶҪôͷһԴΪʽҲһ硣
Լ˵˵ĿɡŵӢӶӳĿ˵棬˽˾һΪӢһԱźܴӰһͳǿҲߵԭŵãԼµӢǺֲܿģһٽ߼
ԼһЦĪЦ⡣֪ʲôԭû˵ֻǵ˵ͷʾԼ֧ϼƻ
һǵĶԱһƻɡŵ򵭵˵ԼķӦŵЩաúһʱˣΪ˺гܵʾԼĲ


230 Χ֮
ǶʣʮˡƤ˹ɫ˵Ŀǰ˵˹Աٲ˵ҩҲٵһҡ
ʮһˡԼͷһۣ˵˹ٳĬһҲǱԼң־Ķ㲻ʱʣʮĸˡ
ŵ˵󣬵˵ͷ˵࣬ҹĶ黹ʣʮһʮˣи뷨֪벻
ŵĻƤ˹һαӡܿ˵ͷʾ߼Լ˹ȻҲûԣȻѾʱϣΪ˸õĴﵽĿģʱһһ֧֡
Ӧע⵽˰ɣĵĶڲԶǿóʮԱֱʣʮǴмֱͦ롣ǶԻĵĶһΰΧʱȥǸҶֻҪǶǻĶˣͷŵ¶һ˿ƻһļƻҪĺãпܽĶһټ
ԣǷ׷׵ͷʾͬ⣬ڱһǣűߣսԼƻʵеļֵȨԼУܺùǿ
һ͸ѡԱ˰СͬʱƤ˹˹ҲǱȥ˰СӵʱָӡʣµʮУŵͻ֣Լѻ֡
ݵʱʮɵ˾ˡʱҶҲǲʲôſһСɽͷϣĿתĶĹжܿͷ˲ͬεĶԱһ𣬳Ųͬķн
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˶ƣҶ뿪˲ɽ£ȥ
ʱٳɿ·Ĺ飬¶һĨѿı顣վڸߴҶ￴ĸһЩĹľٶ۵סЩ·ͦȻҪγɺΧ֮ơٳȻ뵽һ
Χκԣ
鷳ˣٳЩżĹ϶ǷԼӰЩ˵ӣǳԼġôĿĸǺΣ뽫Ķһڳȥ˳ҶƳ
ӳе㲻лٴüͷ˵ҲǸоɽ¥ľ档ٳɵͷ˳˼һ֣뵽ƾֵķʽûĶҪ֮ˡ
ڴͬʱҶЩɻȻȥĹĶȴһֱڹעġЩ˵н򲢲ȫԼǳɽ
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Ҷмת˼ŶԲߡòĺգȻ뵽ôһ취ԼԼȻû£ں԰ҪˣҶﻹǲܵˡ
Ķ뿪ԭأһ·Ĺȥٳƾַʽøлɽľ޴ΪΧ޴Ĺ·ľѾһжٳɵԼʮŸˣٳɾֻҪԼΧκһ֧Կ
ҶڶԷλãٳɰѹĿ궨ΪڻǺҶϵʱٳ֪Ҷ϶ǿʲôʱԼ˺սҶǵǣ·飬ҷһ߲ܣҪ˳Ĺ飬ôΧ֮ƾƳˡ
֣ôˡŵɽķЩɻѵǱˣӦðжǷɢԷӦǲɡ
ŵ֪ͼѾٳɶˣҪ˽⻪ĵʷ;ԲὫɢϧ֪һڻʷǸΪսĿֱӾͱ¶ˡ
Ӧǲ˰ɡŵοԼһ£ͷͦ
ʱٳѾŶһСɽͦǰԽԽĶ飬¶һ˿Щ̫ˣΪһ֮У̽·ĶûУٳֻҪŶԷžͺˡ
ʱҶҲǷظˣʱѾԶԶ֮û֣Ҷǵһᡣ֪ٳһͶԷͻҪľǰʮһ˿ᡣ
˵Ҳɣ֧Ƥ˹ģлԱҶԼһĺԵԴӶսʼͺܺйܶν棬ǽˡͷٶһ
ûһǹɵǸһٳɵʹ˵ֻʱָӡһָߣһǰһ´
üͷһ£֣صĵ˵ͷ£ڵľ룬ɵһĿܼ򵥡ĿǺͬˣЩΪˣ˶ֱһĶΣյĸ֪ѹЩ󡣵ֻ֪ҪԼһǹɵԷָӹ٣ô֧ͻûָӵξ档ԼҲϣȫ߶Է
ٳע⵽ı飬Ȼ֪ʲôæĺߵļ򣬵ݹȥһͬʱٶȵѻ˵
Ҳһ֣ס·ߣһҪɵٳл侲棬ն׼ƻҪɣôʣµľˣֻΪ֮
һٳɵĻ֣صĵ˵ͷʼѻǹ
ԽԽҲǲɵĽ˶ſһֻȴš
ٷŽʮǵˣǾһ֣ǷӦʱ䡣ٳ۾ţű˴֮ľ롣׻˵ΪǿҪǲ⣬ж϶ܳɹ
˹ڶǰ棬ͣɨΧһУڿʱֲõĸоǾԼʲôһûʲô
ʲô˹Щ⣬ӦǴɣﰲοһԼطֻԼˣĵĶ黹ɽҶλãܵ뵽ЩЩԼǶˡ
һ֡ٳɿŶԷ̤ԤΧʼ´䣬һǹʹ˳ȥͬʱٳ۾ƵĶ˹١
ǹȻܿͷӦ˹˹ٷӦ죬Ѹٵλùܡ


231 ̥
˹ٵķӦò˵ȷʵѸ٣ûһ˿ˮǣû뵽ԷȻչѣһ־ˣȫԼ
˹ٸոڵϣһӵӭǷͫһ˲ͻκͲʡ
ӵû취ˣһѾЩԼĴˡӵţ˹Ͼ͸оӦϴһɵֱĴԡܿ͵ʶ˺ڰ֮Уһ̣Ǵںں֮УԼ⣬ôᱻ
֣ٳɿήȥΣ¶һ˿ϲ֮ȵһܿͷӦ۶˰
һ̫ͻȻǹ𣬵˹еأ˾黹ûȫӦͱХĹû֧ɵ־Ӣ϶ɵСӾʹ˸
սÿ죬ĸ죬֮󣬵СһԱ֮ٳ´ָֹͣ
ʱĶԱ׷һִ̼ս£˺ֻһ˼кӵ
ɵòٳԵ˵漴Ҳ̲סһԴӶսʼӦǻĶͨԼµսðٳڵ˶˷ܲѡ
ô£ôǹŵǹЩɻڵķں˭սҶӦðһʲôʱܵȥġѵǻĶӣŵʱоĶĿǰûԱʧζǳҶﻹʮŸˣҪǺСʾˣŵýֺͷ붼֪ʲô
ԼȥɣӦ鷳ˡŵ´ȻɫܿͲ԰ΪʱͻأĽĪʧˡһõͷŵ˶ˡ
ȥˣȥƤ˹ϡŵϴ⣬Щŭ˵óͨͼͨ˹١Ȼܿ̾˿ͨͨûбͨŵѾ֤ʵԼ뷨
ŵʲô˼˼СӸˣԼкŭһƵĿŵСӢԱôɵôкɫ
ŵһ˵ҵ˼ȷǰﱻ˶˵ˣҽͣ£˭Ը⿴ŵ֪ԼʲôʱӦ԰ߣڲ˼㡣
ߡԼһһ˿ŭվû˵ʲôֻܰ˹ˣԼʧ飬ŻĶȺˣһҪ
߰ɡŵ򵭵ڣ漴ͼеλÿȥôУԼŭ֪Ƥ˹аĶԱһŻôС
ŵӦʱҶƤ˹Ķ֮ͻأǹҶȻˣû뵽֮졣⵹ҶҶЩ̾ٳһһֱû֣ڵһγ֣û뵽ӡ
Ҷ¶һĨ˼ڿٳɿ϶Ǽ˶ԷСӣôĹʣµӦʮˣҲʮԼǰʮˣҪԼܰЩ˳ԵôĹ飬źʣµһϸµĵ
Ҷ˵ջǺܴġͬʱҲǼʱһֻʮ֮ǰ׷ӸȫͬġζҪԼӵãʮʮǹҶ֪ԼҪһܾܿͰԼ
ˣ
˼һҶǾ֡£ȳֻжԷˣȻԶݣѰҺʵĻᡣ
˾ȻͲīҶܿʹժһⵯȻһ¾ӣҶͽ֮˳ȥĿƤ˹Сӡ
֮ҪʵӳȥΪҶ֪ⵯҪʱ䣬˫ľֻһʮҡ߷Ӧʱ䣬ӵʱ䣬ⵯƤ˹飬Ǿû˿ܵĿܡ
ӳⵯ֮Ҷξʹ˳ȥĬʱ䣬ʱ͵ĵͷͬʱѾƤ˹˽µⵯñ˿
㶨
һ֮Ҷ̧ͷʱѾľһסʱ˶УЩ˷Ӧǿ١ʹʱʧȥߣҲǺܿͶ˸塣ΪְҵеľЩκλʱ򶼻Χһй۲һ飬Ҳܺܿҵĵص㡣
ҶЦһЩ˵ķӦ뵽ˣȻʲô졣ͬʱɫͻ۶˰ٵͻȻ
ҶΪȣֱӾˣЩ˵һʱͳ˻İӡܿԱǵҶͻ֮¡ҶﵭһЦŲ汼ȥиľԣʺ
֮ṵ̂ΪȣԷʣ߸ˣҪЩˣܹȥƵܹĵط֣ܳҶ֪ⵯʱֻʮӣҲҪܹȥˣ߸õĻָҲΪ˵Ŀꡣ
һˣⵯܰʱ䶼ûпȫָΪˣǿ϶ܹⷽѵָʱ϶Ǻ̡ܶҶԼйѵҪڰҵʱͻָ
쵰Ƥ˹ҧгݵĸоҶﷴѾŭжԺߵԹҲǸˡ
ָ֮Ƥ˹Ϳ˵ˣаһɫĿγˮˡŭŭƤ˹óȻ¶ͷΪܿ϶ҶǼһһһεĵطžѻԼͲš
ӳô졣һ˹ĶԱЩ岻ס˸ţ˵Щһת۵ʱʧˣûпĶ̫ڿ¡
Ƥ˹һʼŶԲߣܿ뵽ʲôæͬͨ
ŵĶƤ˹ǿԼ侲ĳʵ
ŵüͷոյǹ벻ѣһͨͨȻ鷳ѵǱˣӦðĶոջǱ߷飬ôٶȳƤ˹ǱߣѵЩһɲɡ
ǹ죬Ƿʲô飿ڸϹеɻŵæʵ
Ƥ˹һæ˵ʧˣϣõǵ֧ԮƤ˹˵ԼҶ͵Ϯˣ뵽˵ǲԵԼ̫ˣǾѡһģɵ˵ȴǲ֪Ϊ仰Щˡ
ŵô˵üͷĸˡѾ֪ôˣĶͬʱֻһֿܣǾǰѶֱֳ֧͵Ϯ顣뵽ŵЩ黹߸˴ڣȫ̫ˡ
Ȳغãǹƺܸܿϵŵһʱ䣬Ѿ֪˫ž룬æ˵֮͹Ҷͨ
Ƥ˹ŵ⻰˵Щ֣û̫⡣ԷҶֻͨĵȴźߵ١
ע⣬ȫٸ·ĶϮӦʮˡҪһ֧СӸϹȥ֮ǰЩ˳¡ŵ´֮˶о·ˡԼʮ˵Ķ飬ټƤ˹ˡʮ߸Ҫһ֧ʮСӻֵҪ֧£ôսϣһұǿ󣬵ʱȫԼ˵ˡ
һô˵æӿ˽ŲҶôҪشĹĶ飬ҲǷйеŭɡ
ͬʱҶȴ͸ѻѰ¶ͷվʧˡƤ˹ͷڹ꣬ȫκιĻᣬҶЩ
ӳȥĶҶ𣿡޾ЩֵʵΪʱе·ҪɽһҶӦɽϣô붼Щ֡
ٳɵһЦ漴Ҳ˵֪һ˵ٶҲûá˵ԽͻԽ࣬Ի粻˵


232 ·
һʱҶԼĿʧˣƤ˹ôʵЩΡ׻˵йǽݣҶȻôɵʣ˵ľġ
ˣҶ˼ſеķƤ˹˳ԳĵĲˣ谭ҶļƻͬʱȴҲҶжĻᡣ
Ȼ㲻ɡҶӿһĨϷʣһè׽Ϸһ󲻳è϶ܻʱèҪȥ󶴡
˫λãҶܿע⣬Ѿɽλˣʱ˫λһƬƽ̹ܫأƤ˹˾ͲΪ͹ɽʯ֮ҶתλãƵĲ棬棬ֻҪЩ˳Уôʱʱ
뿪ԭλãҶﲻɫһǱȥ;ǾӹľԴȻ϶Ƥ˹˲¶ͷΪ˱֤ԼİȫԼһ䲻֣Ҷﻹѡ˽Դ
ҶǱȥʱŵ˸Ƥ˹ڵλãʱҶﻹ֪Щ˵жٳǴ˿쵽˰ɽ֮ѡλãΪĴ󲿶ӡٳЩ֪·࣬ʱԹһ£Էʮˡٳ֪ҪЩ˺ˣôҶｫᴦڼΣյľأⲻҪġߣһϣĶҲʧȥЩһϸµʸ񡣱ϾٳֻʮˣԷϱһͿﵽˡʹҲԤ⡣
ҾͽΣҪûв²Ǻܿͻ֡ٳɿ˿ĵƣĵ˵ͷطأǹͺͺɽ£ȴǹʯٳ뵽ҪԼ·飬кܴĿԸشЩȻûĵĶԱס
ӳǲʲôҾӦȥҶڿһʮˡ޾Щɻ֪û׹ٳɵ˼мǹҶİο̲סüͷ˵
ٳɵһЦ˵Ȼ֪ˣҶǸһӦ˽ʮ˾̭̫ʵˡ
ǵ·飿лٴ˼ã˵еʣٳɵһЦ˵ͷ
޾һоһͻͻĸо·飬Ҳ̫˰ɡ˼ҺôŽӽʮˣ⼸ˣռ뷨ǲе̫˰ĿɶǺһǸľ񰡡
оеһŪãȺ˿϶군޾Ȼʱ³çǵȴǽ˵뷨ʱȴûע⵽ĵΡ
ٳɷ˸ۣĿһүǣհǰ˺ĺ˵ˣܲõӣֵμֱΪרƵģҪǲúһǲŭԹٳѾһ˵ˣָָֻԼԴȻͲ޾޾ܲ
ʲôΪԼսѣĺûܻӰǵĸ飬ŶӰǵĽ顣޾вͣͲҸȦȦٳˡ
Ȼ治ˬ۾ȴǵתͣѰźʵλãⳡǱˣҪҸط䵱²
ţط޾ܿһõطһܺʲʱʯͷǳǸ߶ȴֻ˳ؿλá޾һȻƣҪڳһֱǵﱤĴڡ
Ҳ޾˿λãʱĵ˵ͷܿסˡֱ׹ٳΪʲôҪˣһְҵˣǰֻһֱ·ûע⵽ΧĻע⵽Ȼеĵ
СǵģȴңװҵĴ졣޾ˬĵһһɽʯٳɡ֮󣬻ĶԱҺԼλãٳɺܿ˰ǰʤĶ˷ܵ״̬УڲͣĿЦ
ѡһܺõλãǰĳɹںţεǾѻŵ򡣴ʱſһ߼ΪĹľСһ˫Ӿӥһ㣬Ķǰ
ӹ͸ѻһ֣ߵķǻĹڵλáһǰŵ򣬾ȷĿˡ
ౡŻڿЦˣ˫𣬴зһöһæס죬·ȥ
Ҷغãǰһٶ֡ٳǺ죬˵һ˿ײĲ˵˷ǼٵġҪ֣ܵôٳɵѵửһԲľš
ʱ·һɱûĿԼٳǹĶΪ̫ԵʣֱЩ΢΢еĻĶԱʱ˷뼤Уÿ˵۾ﶼŨŨս⡣
߿㣬ĥĥġŶнٶһֱûмӿƣŵһˬ˵仰Ѿ˵˺ܶˣϧһֱûЧ뵽ڻв֮еԱĲżС
оԼȨܵɣŵ黵˼㣬뵽ҪȥĶһ֧Сӣǿס˷ĳ嶯ʮ˵Ķ飬д벻ĳԱЩָ׾ѵˣǴʱΥŵҲûа취
ǰͺͺɽ£ŵطûκοԶܵ塣ҪǾͺܿܳΪˣһְҵ˵ıܡŵܿ뵽ӦòеˣĹĶǸƤ˹ｺţǸһߣǸ˹ҲûԼ
Ȼ֮д򶨣̤ǰȥԶԼ֮Ǹȥ
300ˡٳһ߿жһ߼˫֮ľ롣Ȼܹٳȴû˿´˼״̬ǰЩ˷ŽʮһףȻһֲ
ŵûиоʲôֲԤС̤ڹͺͺɽϣԼֲ̤ʵĸоǵʲô˵
ŵĻͷһԼӹһ˿˼ɫʡ󵭵˵ûоͷİɣǰɽʯشˣ׾ܽ뵽档ãսϻ˭ǵĶ֣˵껰ŵָָԶĵɽʯ
Լô˵ֻεĵ˵ͷ뽨ɳȥ̽·ģû뵽һԼ˼ֻµߵĻ
׼ϾҪ뵽׷Χٳ¶һ˿⣬֣µĵͺȵô˵ҲרֻٳһǽԼǹӵȥ


233 鸲
ԣǿ쳷ŵûʲôоǾڸոգ俴һɽʯĵһӰû⣬ͻȻ֮ǸӰ˶ŵʱ֪æ
ŵһڣ˻ЩͷԣæȥһżӣҲǲʲô׷תܡ
Ҵ򣡡ٳһ˿ƻĪıԷ죬еİտ֪ԷҪܣҧҧ˵
žҵǹ˲ŵд󺧰Լ׳գҪǵ̽·ûкҩŵҲ
Ҫطܻ˫ĵƵĺû̫ԣľ·
ٳǷ˺ˣ˶ӴͦػǹǻȫܼӵкӪ
˶ɢŵ۾ͨ죬еķŭƺʱ籡ʱѾ˵£ŵ֪ҪԼЩȫһܣô군ˡ
ʱƣ鵹µ˿ʼͣӣҪ˶ڲͣܶȺ˹Ʋỹվôࡣ
ֹͣٳɿԷܳͺطΧҵ˽ȥæ´ͣ
ӳҪҪ׷ȥлٴһĨôãû뵽ֻ˶Է˸ˣĽлٴоеǿ⡣
ٳɫһ漴εҡҡͷ׻˵Ī׷ٳô᲻֪еĵ˵Լ׷ȥôǰȫǵλáԼֵĹͺͺɽϣ˼ҵ壬׷
ҪżһǵķӦѻֶ׼ƬֻҪ¶ͷģ͸õǡٳ˵Ϳʼ˼ŽĶԲߡ
ŵǲӦøһͣԼдŭ⣬ƵĶŵҪԴİ׳գôһṦʧ˸ˣʵ˲֮һ
ŵɫһ࣬촽̲סšʱѾ˱ıԵڻĹϳԿǵˣñͺǽҲͻ
ʱŵ뵽Ƥ˹иŭѡҪ׳ոԼΧˣԼô᷸Ĵ뵽ŵﰵİƤ˹ˡѾԺһҪһһһ٣йͷ֮ޡ
ҪôͣҲԸⷢ飬Ҫ͹Ƥ˹Ǹ׳հɣļ鱨УҡŵԴǵıһͷȥ
ԼЦһиһ˿ӣʱſһסû˿ֻˡ˺Ĵ뻪ĵĶ飬òһֱԷڲΪӪֶβÿÿԼռñˡ
뵽Լһ˲侹ȻЩĳԺѾвκڴҲûκѹԼ˾ʧǳ飬Ѿû˿ת
ô죿ԼʱŵоԼ˵ĻǷ׵æѯԼĽϾҪõһÿЩˣ˺ǺԼȥʱѾû˵ԻĶӵֻܽһѵϡ
Լ䵭һЦ˵ԼŰɣֻ˵һ㣬ȥвͨġ
Լô˵ŵüͷʼ˼𷽰ɽǱȥģոʧ˰˸ˣɽϵ˰ȱϡﻹĶԱܷܣȻȻ˹Ϊʸ֮ġ
ҳɣӱƵɽŵ˵仰˶һ㣬һֱǴ⣬ķˮһȲĿһеİ̬ȡεڻĶǰԿ֪۶ʱ̮ͷ
ٳɿûҲв첻ѡȺһﲻôŰɣôʱ䶼ûӦ
ӳҪҪȥ֧ԮҶҸоҪˡлٴüͷ˵Ѿûˣٴȥֻ˷ʱѡٳһ£漴˵ͷ¾ŻĵĶɽȥ
ͬʱҶѾƤ˹˲֮Ĳ档ոǹúҲЩż뾡Щ˵ģκǹ֮󣬾͸ӽˣûи˿ֵĻᡣ
ȥУҵõȥҶа룬ɽµǹѾͣڻ֪սΡҪٳǱ˸ɵˣλúΣգпܱ˰˽ӣĶӾҪȫ̭ˣҶǲˡ
ٶȴּȥ֮ҶƤ˹档ҰҲǳƤ˹˵Ӱ
һ˿Ц¶ǶīɫУһ˿ײɱڻתҶָķڰϣֻҪ۶ôѻƤ˹̱̭֡
ҶһĿ굱ʲõѡƤ˹ֻҪһһ군ôʣµ˾ûͳһָӣֻ˲ɴ׵ĸ
žɫӵͬһö㣬һ̱޴Ƴǹܣ۲ɼٶȷƤ˹ҶĿ̫ͬɫĴڣһЦ˾ѻǹһԵͻǹ
Ƥ˹ͬʱؿڴȻһ˿ʹеˣͷҪ˵ʲô촽ոſʶʱĳ˯֮С
Ҷɭ˹ڿƤ˹һ˷һŭӿд˶˳ȥеĳǹǷһŭ
աǹҶüͷ΢΢һ壬漴㿪ӭܼӵ
ɱңһ˿мҶֿ۶˰Ƭ̺ɭ˹ҲǲƤ˹ĺ̡
һֻգ۵Ĺ򣬴ҶɱƤ˹ɭ˹صĵ£˷ŷӦӦһ£ʲôһ¡Ҷ￴Уֻ˻˶Ƕ˹ԱĶԱֱתܡ
ʿһСֻлŲϣҪǱ˹ҵˣôٶ뷨Ҳǰ״
ţ˵ͦйģҪΪƤ˹ҳҶﵭһЦЩϷʵĿ˹Ա˱ҶӣƤ˲Ǻ
ȥɣһŭһͿ۶˰һҲѧҶȻֵģһֱڶϵĶ˺ͬʱξͳһб˳ȥڴͬʱҲǿ۶˰
žžӵǹзɳ׼ȷĿꡣҶӵվϵĳͶˣˣЩ˶Ŀ꣬ôЩӵ
ʱѾԶȥҶľҲǵһ׿⡣ҶﵭһЦҽһŵ棬˾ҵļʸ׷ȥ
һӺҶЦһǹ֧ʱԶӰЩڶ˻֮УǺʱȻԼ߻ػؾͲҶҪĵˡ
һۣʮԱȫҶһ£Ҳͣ٣ٵĳǰǹķȥﵣٳɵ˵İοѾ¶ģҪǻĶ˶̭ˣôԼһܸɵսˡ
ʱٳɴ˻ڸɽ·ϣŵʣµĶһҲػصɽһ濪ʼϸϴʱǶ֪ɽѾǿһˣǰһΨһʣµҶҲ뿪ɽ
ӺҶͣΣĿⶢǰȻ·ΪïʢԵʣܿʲôǰԶŲҸжϣҶ֪Ⱥʮ֮ࡣ
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Ҷ¶һ˿⣬ͬʱҲӦ԰취Ƭ֮ǶܽԱߵĹľСΪԷѾܽӽˣ˭Ҷöڰܸȫһ㡣
ŲӽҶĺỺͻǹѾţֻҪҶ۶Щӵ׼ȷе˵š


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Ҷ￴·ˣɫһ󷢺ڡԼ˰죬ԭСӣҶ뵽жʱβѡΪٳɿ˲⣬ڿԼСˡΪ˲ȷԼΪҶæ߳˹ľԡ
ҶԭСӻţΪҵˣ׼ʬء߳Ҷ޾ʱµڴͬʱĨҲʧ
ҶһЦæ˵һҲ׼ȥǸء˵ŻҶ顣
֪СûҵҾͲˡٳɱԹһ䣬ǰһȭҶϡҶͷ΢΢һȣо־Υսٴγ֣һΣԻĵʿ
ɽϵˣʣ¼ˣһ֮ٳæ·黹ʣ¶ʮˣҪɽϻеĻôĶӾ͸ʰˡ
ҶﵭһЦЩζĿٳɡСʲô˼ǸСබѣǻģ˵ҼȻ˵Ƕ⣬ڰ׳һ㡣
Сӱˣʣ¼ǵøϽȥǺŵϲȻ鷳ˡٳɿҶؼʱӣʱˣһݺݵ˵
ٺ٣һʣȫ군ˡҶﵭһЦҲٿЦʵ˵
һڣͿٳһ𾪣񿴵ҶЩëʲôҲǽǸȡҪעӰ졣ףԣǰĽôе㲻⡣Ҷ뵽æ˺һŵĹ۲ˡ
ŷ˿Լ񶼺ٳЩƣ˶ʱˡ
ҶʵĸģĿʲôҪǲ̹һУǰȥˡ޾һ˵˵ͬʱƽҶƺӡ֤ԼĻһ
ĶȥҶһ޾ϷȫҲɣҪѾľͲ㣬ΪƢá
޾æһ㿪ҶĶӾšиЩԹ쵰һȥҼô찡
˿޾Ա񣬶ʱЦ޾һЩѵļһ˶ˡǾͼһЦлٴƨϡлٴƨɰһţʱʼ޾˺ܿһ
Ц֮ҲֹͣЦ֡޾лٴ۵С۵ģҶ˿һ׳աȻתͷٳʵǶûʧˣ˵˵ҵɡ
ٳ֯һԾͻص˵Ӧ֪һʮȫ̭·λԭʮˣոձʧ˰˸ˡҪûĻڻʣ¶ʮˡ
ٳɼ򵥵ĽһҶ˼ֻʣ¶ʮˣԤҪõö࣬⻪ȻԱ״̬ζ˫һĻᡣ
ʲôλãһ£ҶؼŪԷλã֮飬ٳʵ
ٳüͷ漴εҡͷ˵ղŶݽ֮ǾͳˣʲôλҲǺҸоһطǾǵҩ㡣
ٳô˵Ҷٶ˳˼֮Сٳ˵ĵҩȷʵһܴĿԣҶܾòʲôߣʱӦòǺȱҩǣ־սŻʱѡȥҩ㣬ô
ŵӳҾǲӦˣȫǶһ١Լǰ·һֱ˼һ⣬ǾȥǲǻĵĶ顣ΪһþɳľˣǵܶࡣҪˣʱָô죿
˼ǰԼ뵽һ顣ǾĶʱŵͨͨȷ鱻Ⱥʵŵһ˼ԼĶԱȴڲ֪˼άǾȫٶͨͨȷȫһˡ黹вȫͨͨٻء
ŵô˵һ˿ŭΣյĲӢĶԱ㵱Ȼô˵ҪӢĶԱô²ؼ
ʲô˼ŵв䣬ЩӲʵ
ԼһЦ΢΢̣¶һ˿м˵ƺһ飬ͨƤ˹Ҳţȫͨͨȷǵ𣿡
ԼһڣŵոջЩŭɫǺ졣ﲻɵİԼ׳գ滰˵ңԼǺ¡
뵽ŵһóͨͨƤ˹ͨԼŵô˼ӣԸԼʧ¶һ˿иǴǸ׳ա
һӺŵһķͨʱѾס黹ԼҵԱѾȫѡ뵽һѪĳ嶯սǰʮԱҲֻԱˡصʧͻ
ģҶ
ŵз߶֣еŭܵȼΪʲôԿԼԷԶǰ߸ϣŪһУ
ߣȥ㡣ŵһȳɽȥڻһĻᣬǾȻһҩŪʱֻҪͻĶƴҩ־սͿ϶תơ
ԼһЦȻŵΪˣһﻹûд㣬żõġ
ͬʱĶڵĵط˶ǰվšٳɺö˳˼֮СĳһٳһֻȻĸо뵽һֿܡ
Ҷǻ᲻·ɽٳ˵Լ²⣬ͬʱԺܴΪҶǰĽܣ֪ĶԱıʿһУŵûõȷеϢ£϶᷵ԼĶԱȻֻһϰԿŵҪʿ飬ȥǰ̿϶ǻˡ
Ҷ󵭵һЦٳɵĲ²ǰĲ²ⲻıϡոƷԼĿϿ˺뷨
һȥ㣬ǰĺһΪǻɽ㲻ҪǻֻͨҪͨû˽ͨǾֱжϳһڶʤĿŵԻỵ̂ҩΨһĻᡣ
Ҷ٩٩̸úٳһܿ˹æ˵ͷĬֲ²⡣
ǲǸ㣿ٳһ뵽õΣԣ̳˵ʲôҲֲܣȻĶᱻԷ
ҶﵭһЦ˵ڲ֮ǰǻҪһҪ飬Ƚ⣬ȥԡ˵ŻҶһƨ˵ϡͳĸֻÿԤĸΪûԵҰζʡˡ˵Ѿˣһ춼ûԶҶ顣
һЦǶǳԹˣǿҶһı飬Զ׷׽
ʮӹٴվҶӣԶѹʳƷЩٻʳˣҲ֪Ѿͷڸ
Ҷ﷢һܿͷӦ˹Ƿǳʱ֣ǳڶŮ鳤ʱ
߰ɣĿ굯ҩ㡣Ҷﵭڣǰȥһæϡ
ҲһȥĶ齫ٲҲһΣĶһɳ졣˭ҲԤδ飬ֶԵ󡣸ȥȥηսʿȺƺδȱֶ


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Ķһһ·о;ûκʿҶٳɸȷ˺ȥ˲㡣ΪĶӳĽԵǵﲹ㸽ʱѾǿʼʡ
ŵ֪Ķӿ϶һڸ˷£ֻҪЩôǿͻĶӴսһһ뵽һѩǰܣЩ˷ܵĲС
ԼʲôŵЩĿԼ˵ΪӢĶԱûкһж˼Щһʱһֲһطȥ
ԼһЦ˵ж̫ðգӢĶԱ˳ˡԼʱŵǸɵӣɽȥռݣҪͻĶӴսΪԼû˳ˡ
ﻹʣ¶ʮˣˣ־ˣӢˣ˹ˡҵʵ࣬ԼԼִôԼ˺пܱŵ׳ոˡ
ԼˣǾǺΪУõʱʮ˻뿪ŵɫ˵˵ʱ򻹲ɨӢĶ飬˼Բ
Լһŵ۾ź˸еĳƺһЩ
ŵõʱǻġǶˣʧȥ쵼ûЩ˻㵱ǹʹıԴҶ֪Լ˵Żһָ־Ͷ˹ĶԱ⻰Ȼŵ˵ģͬʱҲ˵־Ͷ˹ĶԱġ
ŵô˵ɱ˸òԼ˵еĴ㣬ߵĻźȷĿģǾõ־Ͷ˹ĶԱж¼ɡԱһ˽ܿ
ΧŵҲԼ뿪ξҪˡ
ŵĻԱ׷ǹӢĶΧȻֻҪŵһ仰ͻԥĿǹӢĶҲ˿ʾ׷׾Ҷˣѵ㲻ɣʽһ˲ý˹͵־ĶԱվԭûж˫ʱѡСӳźۼ໥˵ͷ
ΪʲôȺͽΧŵԱ޶ԣеķŭ֪æȵ
ŵӳƺѾûȨ˰ɣôٵɡ˹ʱСӳм˵һ㶼ûиӵ˼һֱͲͣǰĺֻΪĹϵŴٳɵģ˶Ҫķˣѵ˹˻Ըŵָֻţ
㡭ŵŭоԼѪӿ˶Ҫʹȥĸо
Լһסģ˵껰ŵת뿪漴ͷҲصķԸԼĶԱ뿪
ԼӳллѣȻǾҪ׳ǹʹˡ˹ʱСӳԵ˵ҪԼѣʱͻĶƴԸԣ϶뷽跨ǵǰ棬ȫԼĶԱ
Լ˵ͷ漴Ҳ˵תŶԱ뿪ˡкҪҪǾռǸɽȻˣҪɽһ˻ĶȻûйԼߣԼ֮ԤУǾⳡ־ƺǿҪˡ
ѵ飬ҶʱȻǲ֪ڵ־Ͷ˹ʣµĲֱ뿪Ժ󣬻ĶӲſϵ㡣һĲ㣬Ҷٳɵɫ
Ҷô죬ǵõ˲ǶǺܲٳЩĵǣڻĶӵδЩȷˡ
Ҷüͷֻһ˼ûлشٳɵʻѾΪ֣֮ȻûˣΨ֮ƾһ취סĶӵĳԱ
Ȼɽɣֻѡأж̫ΣˡҶһ󵭵˵ĽܲԸ⣬Ϊ˱òѵķˡ
ɽǲЩ̫ðˡһɽϹЩ鷳ˡٳüͷ˵˵ĳԱȫʧ伣ˣٳɾöԷܿȥɽ
ҶһҲЩΪܿ뵽ʲôʵǵĵҩʣ¶٣
лٴôʣæҩܿ˵ǵĵҩв٣ӦܼСʱսʱٳͲˡ
Ҷ˵ͷ˵ھ͸ȥɽǻûʶֱӶǡ˵껰Ҷһ˿⣬ʱĶѾƵһսһҲǻ¡
ٳҶô˵̲סƫԱҶ־ЩˣûзĶڵܲãҶΪ꣬ʱҪǳԣɻԱɳصѹ
ĶҶĴ¸ɽλãʱǲ֪ѵصĻ˸ѾǳòɿΧƵĻǷⳡս
ҾεĶս͵ɣѾû˽ȥıҪӢӵ˵ףĹֻʣ嵽˵£ڻĶȻǰû˿ķġȻĹԱõ˲ǻĶжѾǱǵ̬ȡӢֻ֪Ҫʮӵʱ䣬ȻĶӺӢˣôӢ³ܿӡ
ô˵Ħ˹ҲǼæֵ֧⻰ûѾˣٽȥѾûбҪˡĦ˹֪ٽȥӢˣôҲǱסˡ
۾˼еĵʧһֱû˵ԼĹ۵㣬ڵЩ˵̬ȡĹһֱһִµ̬ȣǾӹ֮ҲǾⳡսýˣһ·ǸԼ·Ҫж鶼ˣôѵĶӾһֱǰ棿ĽҪ
˵˵ԼɣǶãĽ˵÷һ΢ЦĿ졣˵ŻݺݵĵһһֱԵ̫ӺӡȰӡҪһһֱĶܺԼô˵
һ˼Լ˶ӾҲӡ̬ȻŵûˣȻƶμķ
ɣѾûнȥıҪˡ۾ɨˣ󵭵˵
÷ô˵һ˿죬˵ȻͬˣôεĶսʹ˽ǾͷźŰɣ˶ˣǶ׼ǰж
÷һ˵վ˳ȥȻû˵ʲôӷ׷óͨԵĶ鷢źš
εεΡҶŸȥɽȴͨͻȻˡʱ˭أѵǽ̹٣
æóͨҶһĻϵʾǰǸźԴæ˽
̹٣ͨһͨҶﲻվ壬֣ص˵
ţ˵飬ǻ۾εĶսʹ˽ǸϿɡ쵭˵еοȷʵβסҶ˵ıĹһηͷ˵Ǽٵġôƽ˵ѾǺŬڿԼˡ
ս̹㲻ڿЦɣǲǳʲôˡͻȻҪսҶһʱоЩ֣æʵҪ֪ڻңͻȻô̫ӡȰͬ⣬ǿȫû˵ġ
ɫһڣСӻǵԼĻˣþòѵˣӲ˰ţȴûз˼ҶĵӣλĶܷӵֵز첻Ҳ֪Ҷп϶˾Եˡ
СӱϻˣҪ͸ϿĶô⡣û˵
ô˵ҶæӦ͹Ҷͨ
ҶôھҪսҲ̫˰ɣܴͨȻˣҶһҶͨٳɾЩɻ˵
Ҷô˵˸ۡȻ˫̯̯˵ô֪ǽˣҿǻǸϽ̰ɣ֮ǰϻȥܺúõϢһˡ
ô˵ҲǷ׷׵ͷͬˣһĲܲ˭Ը
Ķ̤ܿ˻ع·ڴͬʱĸҵĶҲǽӵϢ׷̤˻س̵·
ĸСʱҶڿѵأ˶Щ˷صζȵķˣ׵ͷ


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̵ǻˣ§ʯͷ˯̫ˡ޾ǰѵأʱһп˵ô˵ҲǷ׷Ц
ҶﵭһЦĵ޾˵˴ҵվҲǸ¡æ˵߰ɣȥ˵
Զ׷׼ӿ˽Ųȥ
صʱסҶ﷢վһЦĿԼһȺˡ
̹٣ǻˡҶһϲ˵Ҷ˵⻰ȴû˴ʱԾվУÿ˵һһ
̹٣СӲʹԲָ̹ʾٳǻԲıҶһ˶ˣɫЩڡʲôҪҪôװ13͹Գĺ
ҶЩʱ˶ǹЦȻܳɹ׽ŪҶ˵гɾ͸С
쿴ԼĶԱȴû˵ʲôֻǺ֡˵ɭϣǽܣԼżЩ˷һ£϶Ǻõġ
ˣ˵ɡЦֵĲˣ쵭ĿڡͣһмεĶԿսǱֵúܳɫɫ̶ȸԶԶĳҵԤ롣Һ⣬ŹҲ϶⡣ǻĵĽӢۡǱʾл˵Żɫһͦ˾һ˿ҲǺܿһľ־
Ϣһ£ԷȥɣµĻһǵġĵ˵ͷ˵ôһ˵Ƿ׷׵Ľɢˡ
̹٣ǲǳʲô飬ôͻȻԿҶüͷʵɢȥҶٳɶǶӳʱҪҲɢЩ˵ȥˡ
쵭һЦ߻ɨҶ϶
ĺܲҹûˡǸϿȥɣһԹҡ
һԼͬĶһۣͺ˵һֱԼķ䡣
Ҷ̹û˵ʲôôͻˣ޾ʱɻʵ
Ҷ￴ôżвԡ뵽һոջһ׽ŪԼҪǾ̫ӦˡôţҶæɫ˵д·ˣǳڱԭڻܸ㡣
޾һô˵˶Щ˼д·ˣô죬ҪԼ⣬ô죬ѵҪعѲɡ뵽˶ˣи
ףˣһôֵֹģ޾ﲻҶеĽƻܿͷӦ˹һ϶ƭԼֱ̫ɶˡ
ôǲ뵽ˣû£ҪǸɶˣһˡҶ￴żһȻУʱ˵С㻹粻֪ҵ˰ɡ
һȥС̫ˣȻϺҡ޾Σû˵ԼС˼Ҷ￴뱨Ҳ˼ֻͷһҶ˵˵
Сӻ˰ɲ簡޾ҶּǷ˿ûзŹߵ˼
С޾мһ߽ϴּ䣬۵ôʱ䣬ôҲҪϴ裬ܶһ˵ĳ
޾߽ȥҶϵζҲᵽл棬ɵ˺ٻʹû˵ʲôҶЩ²ˣεôͽȻͶսľЩϵǺĹϵȴ󣬶Ҳͨ˵˱ʡ
Ըʲôɣ΢΢һ̾пʼʱ֪νУһ˯жˣ˵ĳ֣ı·òٴ̤ϸĵ·
Ҷ˶ϴԺ󣬾ͽųŲȥ·ٳһˣ໥к֮󣬾ͼŲȥ
Ӳûзʲô仯ֺֻĳȴǱӿһ㡣ʱж鶼ǲԼͬ˲ǰ̭ҲĻˡ
ȥȺһְռλã̫Ҫˡ޾һĲ˵ĴһʱˬЩҲǺƤ˰ûһ㲻˼ôզզĳԼǰǸ˭ǵǳǽ
󹾹ˣٲץ͸ˡҶ˵һĶô౧Թ˼ƤͺˣǰʲôˡͲҪ˼ƽϣǰ״
˵ŻҶͿ־Ա˺棬æ˹ȥǼֹɣȥοԼθˡ
һȺ˿ҶʱҶ޳ܣиͬʱϽϡ׻˵ȵȵãĶ飬ҪֵԼûˣʱ޵ĵطûС
ҶŵǸ׳գֵ㣬Ƕ˼ɣԷĿյлٴŵ򣬶ʱһζ˵
ҶһɫʱǾͲܺúóԷÿζҪ۶ӣ˵㶼˵ڵˣôͳ˼ˣ
úóķҪƤˣһ԰㡣
лٴɸɵһЦ漴͵ͷȥжǳԸζǰҪǲúһǾ̫˵ȥˡ
ʱţ˺ܿͳķʱҶ﷢Ͳˣ¶һ˿мףεĶԿĶӵıֿ˵ǺݺݵĴǲ֪ôԼˡ
صʱסҶͺ޾ֱȻٳһסһǾͷһصı飬˽ţ
̹١۾˹Ҷæк
쵭һЦ˵ˣɡ
ºɫһ˵ڶԿѾһЩҲҪˡ˵֯İţҲһ۵Ľ˵Żͣһ£֯һ
Ҷ˿ɫ΢΢һҲûֻǵĺ


237 ǹĵ
˼һٶȿ˵оػһʱ䣬ҲвμԱһʱ飬ҪѵԱһЩвμ˾ͻᱻŽǱͧǰж
˶٣ɨһۣûʲôּ˵εǴݻһѱ֯֯Ϊһʵңһʵ1940꣬ʱĶս˾齨ģĿΪ˾ṩҩǿ˾սʿʣǿǵսս󣬸æؽ֯ĴڡᣬһʵҴɻЭ飬ǰΪṩһʵоáרΪоǿҩǰһʵͻȻֹĺδ֮̽£ʧڶعԱμƻĵ˵껰ˡʱҶٳɶЩӦֶһ˶ǲ֪ģȻͨˣҲûнӴء
ҶһɻǾҪǰ˵ƺֻһҵ飬ʲôϵѵ©ʲô뵽Ҷ̲סɻ̹٣ƺǻûϵɣ֪ΪʲôҪͣ
ҶôʣٳҲǲźۼĵ˵ͷʵҲʡ
΢΢һ㣬ЩӦܿ뵽Լ©ʲô
û˵ĵ飬һʵѾһЩֲ֯ˡӦǿҩӰЩҪڿֲϣôȫɾһѣǲòܡ
Ĳ䣬Ҷ˲Щô˵˵ͨˣֲԹĵˣЩҪǳɳһ鷳顣
̹ٸոᵽҩ֪оʲô̶ȣУԵĵ࣬ЩˣٳѾ뵽飬ҪǵǱˣεͲһΣˣŪԼЩ˺ܿȥ޻ء
ЩٳɲʣҲҪ˵ġ
εĵˣһǸսʿҲ֪ҩͨߵ֪Ѿ׶ΡҩѾһʵԼϣսʿ嵶ǹ룬ֻд׵á˵΢΢̾˿飬ֻ˵Ǿȡ˵Լ飬ǸԤ
ô˵˵ɫǳ˵սʿǹʱҶ˸ǲĵһǹ飬ֻǴڴ˵Уû뵽ڳԼǰֱ̫ˡ
̹٣ǹǲе̫ˣˣҶо̲ס˵
̾˿˵ҲûпţʵҿʼҲţṩӰҲòģͨӵϣûá
ҶѾ֪˵ʲôˣ鶼ܷ̫ˡЩ̾ͬʱҶ￪ʼǿĵԼҲЩûˡߵǹ룬ζֻͨ׵йȭŹȻòˡ
֮ǰҲû뵽ôأҪ֪Ļ˵ʲôҲܰ˶ͶȥЩڵ˵ĶεıֹȻǿȦɵ㣬Ҳǲ˸ΣյľءҪȺ֮ѡԸѡЩԱΪѵӪĽ̹٣̫ȻĴΣ־֪࣬ߣЩԱǹҵмҪĹףҪʵϵʿ
̹٣㲻Ȼ֯񣬿϶нİ취ġٳɿЩζΪ˵ԷΪְÿһִľ
Ҷٳô˵治֪Щ⶯ٳôٺò׻˵ɽǰ·ͷȻֱҶȻѡȴĵ֪ûκãڴ˳üϹһֹͨ۶Դ
ٳɵĻ΢΢һů֪У̬ı仯Щհǰ˺֮ǰеԸȫٳô˵Լĵһжֵˡ
һǵģʱԼİȫ飬ǲҪ̫ǿˡҪʧˣЩȻȡֶΡ쵭˵ף֮ûѡһʵҵ⣬ûֶΣǲ뽫Щ鱩¶ǰϾһʵܷչһǵ֧Ѳ˸ϵ
һһμûɵͰȻûʾԼֶΣҶ˾ǲ룬Ҳ֪߲һ죬ȫܻһЩϡ
̸ֽһҶ˼ûʲôˣ˸𡣳źٳɷֿҶͻص˷䣬ʱ޾Ѿڳ˯ˣҶһЦһﵹĴûһ㷳ա
뵽˵ҪѵϣҶǿųеʱ䣬ûкúϢܰ˯һһ¾Щĵ飬ȥɡ
峿ߵʱҶ׼ʱ˸Ҷ￴һŴ˯ÿĵ޾Щˡһﻹ治һ˯˯ñԼ磬ûԼꡣ
·Ҷ￴ʱ䣬Ѿǲˣæϴּ俪ʼϴ
򵥵ϴһ£Ҷͳϴּ䣬޾ûļҶЩⶼʲôˣǸûһʱ
Ҷ߹ȥ޾ıӡѾʮ·ˣЩˣҶôһ޾ܿͱˡ
ҶʲôҰ㲻Ǻþò˶뷨ɡΡҶΣ޾һһˬĵ٩
Ҷһô˵ϾһڡĽ𴲣㲻ˣ˼룬˵ģôȤ
ûôʳ𴲣˯һ͵ųΪ˵ĳЦɡвˬ֮£Ҷʱû˵
޾һæʱ䣬һѾߵʮˣæʼ·żһҶֻεһߵţȥûóˡ
Ҷȥʲô·޾ͻȻòƽ̹û˵°ôʲô˵꣬ٳɵ
˶𴲣˵ѵϣóٵ
ҶﵭһЦŬŬ졣ʾԼɲҹġ
ȥϴɣĶô⡣
޾ô˵Ŷһͽϴּ䡣Ӻ޾ٴγ֣Ҷ￴ʱѾߵʮˣ뵽Ҫˣ˶ˣ۾ǵ޾һۡ޾ôһεһЦæӳ⡣
ϵʱ򣬷ѾкܶվĶӵĳԱҲǶˡҶ뵽ƾ޾ôȻٳɺʱͶʰˡ
ʱ仺ţҶȤվڶǰʱĵ˵ˣſֵ÷أû͵ԹЩˡУƨĹְҪڼӣ㿴˼Ӷˣôʱ˼
÷صĳ֣˶ǰղ֪Щ
ӢµսʿǣǺáȣҴ˴ж֯лڹȥ֮ΪݵľʶԿΣݶԿĽǰ˻йҲμѾȷ̫ӡȰˣ˹͵־ˡӢˣĹ20ˡڽԼҪμĶԱѡʣµصϢء÷ؼ򵥵˵һ̨
Ҷһ¾ķ䷽ʽ޿ɺǣϾһЩӵĹܲ˼Ұһ˲ǡĶǶʮ˵ȻѡֻܵȴҷԱ


238 ӰԮ
ܿҾͽҪμԱѡ˳֮Ӿʹһ޴ڿռ䡣ʱ÷Ѿˡ˶վԺ÷ؾߵǰ3DӰ
ǶѾ֪һЩҸҲһ¼񣬺Ǹֱ۵ǽҪԵĵˡ÷ص˵ڴͬʱڵҲЩ
ⲻǸǿӰɣ޾С˵Ҷһ̲ס˷ۣʹ˸ɫʾҪ˵ôĳϣͲܲҪˣǾڶĵˡ
Ҷһۣ޾ڨڨı졣ʵǸо̫ѹ֣뻺һ¡
ʱƵĻϳһɫĸͨҶﶨȥ̲סƲƲ죬Ҳ̫Ǹɶ˰ɣ޾˵񿴵Ӱһ
ӰӦԼЯͷӰͣĲţǣĻϳһǿƳɵţſվһ˵ʲôӰͣһ£ͼ˵߿ߺ˵һЩͽŴ˿
ڵĳЩ֣Ǹ޴Ŀռ䣬ռĲƵԲšҶĿЩԲһЩǳɫҺ塣Ӱǰܿһ˴Բǰ
Ҷͫ׼ٵһڳ˯ࡣֳֻпƻõӰУû뵽Ҳš
÷ذͣťȻɨˣ漴˵һʵҵڲӰ񣬶ƵĻʾĶһɻΪʲôֻڿƻõӰеĶǵǰҸǣ྿ʵ黺⣬ǿûдȷʵһˡǳɫҺ壬νǿҩεǽһдݻ٣Υ˵ΪΪвİȫǱֹ÷˵λͣ˵ķӦ
ʱ˸ӺһЩŵĶԱ˶֮Сַ˼飬һʱԷӦ
ҶôһӣСӲ֪ʲô˰ɣ޾֮ȴҶһû˵ӣæɻʵ
ҶﵭһЦ˵֪ˣֻûӰѡȥ˵ģ˯úһҲû취˵ŻҶﻹǸ޾ݹȥһӵ£޾о˶ˡ
ⶼʲôˣ㲻ԸңԹ˯ˣ˯㲻ܽˣ־Ĵ£㾹Ȼ˼ңԺܲˣ
޾ʱϷ÷ڴ˰ˡʼťǣӰʼǰߣʱһʵƵĵطźܶ·æµţΧܵߺܿһߵǰԷ̸ܿ뿪ӲһȸţҶﲻɵļ룬ֶҲԺáɹ߾ǲۻԼõϢһĻͨЩϢ鷳
֮󣬾һʵܵĵطǵҪĿ÷˵仰ɫЩǸȴ֪ΪʲôΪǰӰ졣߾¶Լʧȥ
֮һľ޴󷿼䡣֮˵Ǿ޴Ϊƽ׶ĿտУûκ豸֮ĶֻһЩɫӲˣЩ˲ʱվ£ȥһֽĸоҶ￴ȴ֪ЩӦþνĸսʿ˰ɣҲӦԼδĶˣͲ֪Щ˵սô
ʱĻȻ䶶ǹĻ·¶˳䲻ݷ֮ʣǹϾһ棬һӵٷ˳ȥĿһսʿ
һʯǧˣһǹķ˶ǷӦ˹Щ˷Ӧܿ죬һתۼͳܹ߱ЩľУûκٿеǸˣʱȴǽǶǰɫͷְ¡Ծǰ£ҶʱԺΨһ뵽ǿӵûж壬ֻǿ˽ȥѡٿЩˣֻһTϿ϶û֮ķװ
̬ҶﵹһܵʱŻɣˣǱŵˡ
ȥ⻹𣿡޾ŵ˵ЩǴ˵еĵǹ밡ô˴ﵽֵز
ʱĸѾߣ֮䣬ٶһӵ鼱֮£ӵֻǴһ˵ļͷһɫѪ˼ͷſͬʱĻϵӰ켱ת˱ķʱһһӲӳƵĻУӦòǸսʿΪĻüͷƺ˼ʲô
÷عصӰ죬Ŀ¡·˿ҲʣΪ˸㵽¼񣬸һĴ֮ۡж¶ԼΪҪһ֤ӵһͨӵڸսʿϸû˿ãֻһ¡ڶӵƵĴ׵Ҳá
ΨһŪ¼ΪˣһߵԱ֮¶Ϊ֤׵ӦÿˣڶӵǴ׵Чġ÷˵ƺҪһˣֺܿͣκһʿǱģʱ֪ԼӦӦôҵȥ顣
ЩǸսʿҲǵҪˡЩڱǰǺܳɫľ˻߹ӶˡȻʧȥһ˵ǲòϣĺǿڱԭս֮˴ȵ֪һʵҳפһٸˣͨʿսԱİٶǵǽЩȫ𣬲κλڡ÷صĻɱ䣬ϵɱ˿ûΡ̫˺عоĵܵܣһʵҵ˶ʹ޲ѡ
÷ô˵˶ĬԼ˵Ҫﵽ˰ٵĵˣ񲻵ò˵ѣҪûŵĻҪﵽĿ꣬Ǻѵġ
÷ؽǰ˵Ԯ֪ܲ͸¶һ㡣üͷ˼˺ܾãԼɻǰĻ÷ᵽ⣬ֻʱûϸ˵첻òϾ˹ǿҪֻԼˣô񼸺ǳ˵Ρ
÷صһЦ˵ָսóʽڹӶĹӶǽЭһսҲΪֲҹĹһʵܷչһĶ֧ǷֲġڼȻ˶Ŭ
÷ػ䣬˾Щ۷׷ǻĵĶԱǲûж˺͹ӶйֵĵͻȻҪ͹ӶսҲЩ˷ܡ
Ҷ̲סüͷû뵽ԮʲôɻڣǹӶζҶܱܿ¶ԼΪ޾鷳һ˿ǣҶ̲ס̧ͷ쿴ȥʱҲڿߵҲǲ֪顣Ҷû취ֻܾһһˡ
Ѿʼбּ޵ȴǳǮˣһ̫ˡ飬ȴǮ֣ΪʲôɳٸԼľʿǶ
뵽Щ˲÷Щ֮Աǣ˲µ飬㻹Ҫѻ˵ôʲôţãҪŮҪƷ


239 һʵҵʵ
ֺ̨һƬ÷ҲЩҲסˣˣ˵ʲô֮ܺƤϷȥװģĸɿ÷ؼ̨µ˰һ˿κ󣬺ܿٶȳ
ҲҪԹӶеִǵս֮й֮޲Щ˳ս棬ǺǿġߣָսľߣҪΪ˲Щ鱩¶ڹڵҰ档ҽΪҽһ»ע⡣
˵÷ض˶٣֯һּ֮˵һʵλжնɽУĽһѾ緢ɽһʵҾڻɽڲԴӺжϺһʵҾз˺ܶķ˵ֻһЩ豸ǲڵλãǻһЩߣݼ⣬ЩYߵڣоҹоԺȥо˿ԵֿЩߵװҲΪʲôǲŶһʵֵԭʼ֮ÿ˶Ҫַװͨ򡣡
֮ǾͻᵽһʵҵţҲǸղͨǿ÷˵֮󣬾뿪ԭλãߵ˴һзʱٶȻصԭλá
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СУҶô˵вɵĸൽһʮ˼˵ҪһһȺˣǲֻܵˣĿռôսʲô鶼пܷҪô죿
Ҷʱ򣬺ܶ˶뵽⣬Ƕ̲סüͷ
ʱ÷óһӵ˵ӵΪͺӵƵĲɵģŰɫҺ壬λõĸо
ǲҪɣҲһӵֻһǾǾսʿڵı򣬷ֹЩԻȾĲƳɣɫҺǾҺǹѧԺרΪսʿƵġǾҪע⵽һ㣬ô׵ɱսʿʱһҪٲһǹҺעǵʬ塣
Ҳ̫鷳˰ɣʱüң˭йȥŰʬ尡޾÷ô˵һᷳ˵⻰Ȼëɣǲòϣ˵еĴ˵˼
㣬רܣȻʱ鷳Ͳ֪ôӦˡͷĵһ˵޾һʲôã̫࣬Ҫȵʱܲȿһ³ϰ
쿴һۣ޾һ⼸һֱǺܺͰģΪʱתˣڿȻˡ뵽ǰֶΣ޾̲סӣ̬̹Ҫǻȥ˺ԼǸô죿
÷ǽһЩעҶ￴ͺͷϻûʲôˡǹӶᵽսеע˵û˿áҶܿЩиڴֻҪ֪Ϊ޾ԭڶûгԷء
תۼ͵ĵ࣬ʱ÷һ֮󣬲ŽɢˡҶѾǰˣ޾ҲԽԽ
ҪһﲻףԼôίԼθ飬Բһˡ
ҶǿȥԷɣҿιȥˡһ˻ң޾Ϳ˵
Ҷһһﻹ˼磬ֱһӹȥȻԼŲȥ
˵ȵҰǲ̫˰޾һں漲һ߼ӿ첽Ҷܿȡ˷һǰӣ̻ĶԵʱҲ˲Ͼһͳ˸ͣڶĵˣǼٵġǿһԷӣǾЩ
ǶûԷˣ˼ˣԵ춼ĺûпǹӰ˵ʳֲǶת
ʮӹҶԼĶƤ˸áٿ޾һŬܶţû˿Լ˼
뵽еǣҶվ˴˸к뿪˲ڹӶμ飬ҶﻹЩգȥ̸̸ϣõһЩʡ
ķ䣬Ҷ﷢췿ǹŵġһӦȥԷˣҶ̲סԳһЦ̫ڼ˰ˡ׻˵ң仰һ㶼ûд
ȻûҶֻεĵȴšʮԺҶҰУҶȵЩͷһ֣߳ʱ
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Ҷﵭͷ֪ʹԼҲӦ֪Լԭ
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ڹӶμӵ飬̹ܸܲ취ϾҵЩ鷳Ҫұ¶ˣкܴ鷳Ҷ˵껰һڴĿ죬鷢̫ͻȻҶû˿취ģֻܰϣںϣϣа취
һ˵ǰڵӶӦǳ֮ȫûˣûпһ۾ϳܸܲңǸȦûʲô֮ģҪЩ˳ְУҲǰ
ô˵Ҷ΢΢һů߽ټȻԭ档ǺûƲܣþ̫թҶкǸж
˵ûж٣֪ڿ϶֯׷ҵ䣬Ҳ²ûдĻǾǸӶŵĻ֡Ҷﵭ˵ԼеĲ²⡣ݱܵ飬һֱĺܺãӶŸ֮һʬ壬ԷôܺԵЩѾ׷鵽˺ٻϣҪΨһ˸ɵȻǱ󻼵̬ȡ˵ŹҶԼˡ֪һͨ˺ٻԼԷвǴ
ôһ˵мٵ˸ǰԷʱѾ÷شˣӶӶžǸӶŵĴڡڸӶźһѸײڶٶռжӶгиռ˾޴ķݶ֮£ѡ˺ͶԷΪڿȫ緶Χ֮ڣӶŵĵλߵġ
ǻҪӳ飬Ϊ֮ƾǾԷӴֻҪСһ㣬ӦϣιȥġûҶֻί˵ҶΪһֱ˼ŽķУеɫûע⵽
ҶһֱͲ֪Ӷŵ˭ֻЩĲ²⣬ֻ֪ϴξ˵Լûȫɳ֮ǰǲὫ˵ġ


240 뿪
̹٣˼εУǵĴڣȻޣҶƺһЩص˼Щ˷
ô˵𾪵ͬʱȴû˿仯ܿҡҡͷҶĲ²⡣
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ô˵Ҷﲻ˵ͷȻЩԹԣ֪ΪԼáҲ֪ߵʵǿҪֻǸСӶţܽӶŸܽԼΪӶĽɭ£
Ҷﲻ֪ɭΪʲôᵥԼҪԼǸ֯ˣֻɽɭһѵǾôţΪһɭܽԼɡ
̹٣ôеɻܽҶѡЩ¼ҲûãֻԼ˷硣ܿһ⡣Ȼ̸һЩͨ÷Ҷ϶뵽顣
ڿԽԽˣұΪᶯһЩԮھȻ˹ӶߣٸӶǺôֱʡ˵̲סһ䡣޳ܣı䲻ʲôͨ飬֪һǺܼѣһþͺпС
ǲŲᶯʲôأǸطͲܶЩҶЦһ˵
ô˵Щ̧ͷһôĪôһ䣬ǲ֪Щʲô뵽ʹ㿪ѯʣֻûڣҶٴγˡ
̹ٿ֪ܲǸйһ񣬶ʱӶžͷǸطͨƵѾȷеĲ²⡣ǸطӶȥֻǱȥˣҪôûзӦҪôǳʧþˡ
Ҷ˵ͣһ¾ٶȿڣǸطΧסܶʲôǵĳԲҪǶЩ¶Լ
ɫʱ䡣ʧҲ̫˼˰ɡ
ûнһʵңæʵ
Ҷ󵭵ҡͷʱӶų´ֻȥҲ˵Щ˵ͳ⣬Ȼǲᷢʲôһʵҡ
ȲҪ˵͵ʲôûз˼һĶҶ˵һʵôΣգ˵ȥ϶Ӱʿֻܼϣṩķװˡ֪Լֹ̫ˣϾҶ˵Ӱ񾭵ģѵķװܵЩɣ
һᣬҶ￴ʱˣ˸𡣴ʱѾˡҪˣЩҪ޾Ҫʱ䡣
صʱҶ﷢޾ڴͷʲôһҶ޾ܿͻ
ҶȥĶˣôڲŻ
޾ôʣҶﾶߵ˵ȥ̹ˣЩ
޾ô˵ͷټҶЩأϾϹ
ǲ飬ҶڰˣҪǳʲô飬һҲ᲻ͨ÷ǰĽܣ޾ûһȻҶҪģȴˡĸоοҪЩõ飬Լ֮˵˳ڡ
Ҷһô˵¶һ˿ѹһǸһګĸоԭǱ˰뵽ҶﵭһЦ˵˵ʲôأСӲŻ⡣ǽ̹ٵ˼ҪȻƾСôаɱϹ룬Һͽ̸̹飬ͱ˯ˣȥҽ̹٣ٸ˵˵ƻ顣
޾һô˵ȻЩжȻ߱ԼС޾֪ҶڰοԼĻżͶʱ
ϲ˯ȴ񲹣ҶǲģҪִˣҲ˯ûϵÿ½ٰ̹Ҳ˲ϢôС޾æͼҶı뷨
Ҷô˵¶һĨζиǶ޾Ӳѡ߯ҪˣԼ˯˵ôûʵģ˵Լжô˽һ
Ҫʲô뷨Լȥҽ̹˵ú͡ЩϷʵͬʱҶܲĽƤ߸죬ڵƻ飬ײѵлᣬСӶһ£ôС
޾¶һ˿ȿ޻ѿЦȥ˵Ǻʲô޾Լûôɵħ̹٣粻˯
޾û취£ǿܵʵһһƵӣҶЦѡһְҵ˵ʱ첻˯Ǻ飬һһҹ˯϶ûʲô⣬˵Ӱִˡ
һ۶С۵ʱͻȻһ˼ѵ֡ʱ䣬æš󣬻ĶҲ½½šͺܿ켯
Ȼ˶ˣôҾͲ˵ʲôˡڽУϣ໥ȡ˺ߡȥ档쵭˵˼ʹŻĵĶԱȥ
˺ܿ˼ϵ㣬ʱҵĶԱҲҶۿȥ΢΢ͷΪжָӣ÷ҲҪμģʮˡ̫ӡȰˣ˹͵־ˣӢˣĶӶʮˡȻټ߸Ӻ÷ء
˶֮÷Ҳûж˵ʲôȿʱ򣬾´ϳʮ˺ֿܿռܴÿʮĸûӵĸо
һ·˶ЩĬԼ飬ҶҲû˵˼ΪҵĶԱڣԼĹı¶
ӳһСʱĺϡʱҹɫѾǽҶԶһ޲ĺ棬¶һ˿Իͬĳͬʱ䣬һ뿪ģһ뿪ǰ·ʲôڵԼȫ֪
֮Ͻ¶һɫǱҶ￴һ£ЩɻôǻĵǱͧӦЩţǱͧ᲻ɳҶкݺݵıһᡣȻתͷĶ鿴ȥʱŵҲڿҶ۾￴һĨս⣬Щп
ΪһһԼŵûֳⷽԼЩͿˡŵ΢΢һЦҶתͷ
ʱǱͧѾ¶ڵλã÷ؼæ˹ȥٴƤͧҶϤķΧԼƤͧǱͧȥ
ܻģֻӰû˿ô
˺ܿͽǱͧ˷õĵطҶͽȥ棬Ϊӵԭһ䡣Ҷڵķг޾ٳɺлٴѾڡ
˾ǰսѾϤˣûĸо֮Ϳʼ졣޾һƺ飬ĵĺ˵ŻֻĲʱҶ
޾ԼȥҴȥҶ￴żһһ˼ûУʱˬ˵
޾һɫһƵվ뿪ķ䡣
һ̲סЦ


241 ·
޾뿪Ժ˵һб˴˶գȻ˾ͶɴϢˡҶһЩӲĴϣűĸ͵ǽڣһʱЩ˼
뿪Ѿһܵʱˣ֪Щٻ˶ԺվӦġҶΪɭԵ뿪ζյĲȻҪϡϾյĲȻҪȴҶĵĸƣΣԻǺܴġ
ȻԸΥʹҶβԸ뿪µͷòڶ飬ֻԼʱ뿪û̫鷳
ϱҲ֪ʲôҶ΢΢һ̾ٻòϣٻŶصԸŮѾεİһжûͻأĸоעһ
Զڽеĺٻʱվڱľ޴شǰڷĶУĻܺáܿǵ㣬Ҳϰϰٻעʼȱİ£ŵĳ˼һɫ˯ȹ˳еľǹŴԶɷĹٸ
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ð˵˰Сѵüͷ̲סҶȻԼúٻİοͲ˿⡣ҪǺٻ淢ʲôõ飬СԼѴ̡
ʱҶȻ֪Щ飬֪Ѿ۾˯˹ȥ˯е΢΢ƺεʲô顣
ͨɫǱͧһֻ޴ĺޣڰĺˮлǰŶתƣҹ棬֮ǰǱͧĸˮ档
һ֪ĻҶ￴ŸӲݴĻ̲סüͷʱԵ޾ȴһ޾ɵӡһҹ̵޾ԸҸط˯Ҷ￴Ҳ
Ҷڿһֵ޾ʱݺݵı˺ߡΪһҲһҹûкۣȴźܺõľ״̬ٿ޾һʱҵӡҶԼҪǲ˻úñһǺԼȥˡ˼͵Ķӵģһôͺ˼
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ˣҾһ۸һˣǸ̬϶Ϊأ㣬СΪʲôңǱӲˡ޾һƵıԹţȻûע⵽ɱ̬˴ʱ
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ʱԶʻÿҶЩ˷װϵĻ£֪ЩжĳҵĲӡ
ѵǱЩ˷ˣҶЩȷ뵽׻˵²ؼ߸߹漰ҲȻеٵĶţҶԼȫõ顣
÷ǰȥͶԷһٽ໥ȻҶ˿ʼߴﹾ˵һǸٽ͵˵ͷʿЩ˵Ǻܿʹӿϰɫ
ˣЩӦͶġᵹǰŵĺ׵òƵﶼ˽Ӵǲ֪УǲҲܸ
ҶŵʱǸٽڽж֮뿪ˡڴͬʱ÷ظ˵
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ôһ˵æܿվһķ÷ؼ˵ı֣ܿĵ˵ͷ
ǲμҪõǰÿ˶ȡԼڿʼ÷ص˵ʾһеǰ
ʱҶ뵽ԼΪʱڽ˵ϸأڿӦΪ׼ЩҶﲻ֪ԼΪʲôǽ룬ΪһԵʰɡ
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һ£Ҷͺܿص˶С˶ȡ͵ҩԺ÷ɤ˵Ϊԭ򣬽Ǳ֮ǰͽһߣһҵĵֱ̣ȴţ˽䵽ص㸽ʿǣҵĲ
䣬÷ؾͳ߹ӵ˵ͷתԶȥ
ˡ˳һȸ÷صĲһҲæϡ
Ϊսҵԭһ·ϲʱһЩӿݵĵص㣬ԭ֪ЩӦڵڵġһƬɽ;ûʲôֲڣżһҲдӵĸоҶһ߸·һп
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ƣˮܸۡ
ȻڿƼչѸٵĽ죬ԴѾһЩʧȥΪĸʣµģֹֻӶᣡ
ҶЩܿЩԳˡֻһͨˣҪ˵ʲôڳ˵ӦþֻЩ˰ɡڹ֮飬ֻһ£ûıʲô
·Զһ飬ԶĴɽŵʱ˿̤˱߾ߡ峿ĵһɢƬϣҶ̧ۿһĨ˵ĹЩ
˼ӿŲǿ쵽ˡǰ÷شŨغͻȻһµĲּ֪ӿࡣ
⣬ֲҪȥͶ̥ôʲô޾˰亹СıԹҶһ̲סЦһһϲǱͧһĹٶȿʼ·治ˬ϶еġ
߰ɣ˷ɻϢһˡ
Ҷô˵޾һ㻹˼˵ҪѾĳ⣬ô磿


242 һʵҵķӦ
һ·ӭųһСʱһܵСͻӦǵ˵ص㣬÷غܿ˹ȥ̸ʱԶܹһ󸹱١˫໥̸֮
ʱ÷ؾͳ˻ҶһʱЩɻǶźѵǳʲô⣿
Щ仯Ϣȴ÷üͷ˵ʾ˸ߡҶЩƵӣε鷳ϵĳ⡣
ҶʱԱߵ޾⻰
컹ͦչҵģ֪˯԰˯һᡣ˵Ż޾Щ˷ܵҰ˼죬жʱ
ķӦ̲סԱŲһһҲʶ˵ӡЩ֪ĻĻĶԱһѯʵɫʣҶ˵ķӦЩҲǼæ޾˽ޡ޾һⳡɫʱһڡ
ⶼʲôˣ֪ʲôôҪһ۲˯ȥرϰڻվֵܼڣǸãǾȻ˼ҡһȺĶһ֮޾ȸǰĲش˯ʲôģȸ˯һӻȥˡ
˸÷غܿһż׷ǰͦ˵һ͵ؽɢһӰȳ˳ȥһɱȥһĻ÷ػһһ㶵ģѯʲôȴһεĸʹɫ
ֵĻˣ÷̲סпһ䣬ʾ߸Ӻߣ˼ӦҪʲô顣Ȱ뿪ˣԱҲǷɢ˿ѰҷϢΪ޾ѾһӣҶȻǲȥķ䡣
֮ҶͿ޾ѾڵĴϣǴ˯ˡҶ̲סҡҡͷٳɵһЦǺǵû˵ʲô޾ƣأҪǴǾ̫ˡ
ڴͬʱһСʱһžͷ׷λǿǸ󸹱ľ١
ҽһ£ĸͬʱҲ𴫵ݸӦ鱨ԭƻǾӦȥصˣǾϣһʵҷһЩ仯鱨һʵӦǸоʲôʱûټ˲ˣƬɽסˣҲҪϢԭһʵҼȻľٶô֤зšƻҪӽѳɹ˵ˣƺҪЩ˵
ô˵һʱ䶼üͷһʵұн˰˴ڣƽ׶ñЩû׵ӳ
֪ԷǴʲôطģսΣûиսʿ÷˼ãȿ˵Լʡô˵Ҳǿͬĵġ
˶٣˵鱨ʾͬһֲ֯Ասһ㣬СӳǸսʿĸսʿǴǰ˽ĸսʿͬȫ˼ά
ĸսʿ
һжЩȻǰĸսʿѾѶԸֳ˸ģ뵽ûˡ
ǲζһʵѾ׶εǿҩо˳쾪ͬʱʵ
Ļɬĵ˵ͷ˵ǿҩоһʵȷʵȫβˣҲǰûԤϵġҪ֪Ƿϵʱǰʱ˭Ҳ벻ǻôͻơ
ô˵˶Щˡʱ䣬һʵ˵Ѿʼĸʿˣ£ԼҪǺͶԷӲӲѻʯ
֪Щսʿĺǰĸսʿ˼ûзʲô仯÷ٴγʵ
һ˵Ӧûе˰ɣһĸսʿҪ˼άϣսûҲ˵оƴ׵Ȼáô˵ɫԺһЩô˵ҲǸϢˡ
ղ֪ЩѹŸ˵ɫ˸ͻ״ʵЩֲΪ֮ƣƺֻܵȴ鱨ŵϢˣҪһʵһûпʼսʿǺ߼ˣиʮĸսʿڵʵеһƴġ
ɢɣҲһ죬ȥϢɣϢһἰʱ֪ͨǵġ˵Ļ˵ˣɢᣬһôȷʵûʲôã׷վ߳˻ҡ
εָսǱôܲȺɣ뿪÷æʵ
ЦһȻε˵Ҳ֪ҲܹĵġҹĶ̫٣ô˵ɣ˵ЩѾʼˡ˵仰̲סЦһЦǳ÷أǳЩ߸ȴҪָֻͣŵˡ
һȺ棬ʲôõĵġ÷һм˵΢΢һüܿ뵽ʲô¶һ˿ȻԸҲʮ飬ͷ­ѪȴŸ߽űĲǰĺƣζʳͣĶй֮˵ֲ
ҲȥϢɣҪǲƺܿͻϢˡһЦ˵÷ô˵ܿ˵ͷ뿪˻ҡʧ÷أһ仯ܿ˳˼СΪжЭ֮һõ鱨ܶ࣬ȻһʵڵʵЩЩ
ѾʼţǲҪһ棬˵Լĵˡÿģز뿴Щüʯͷװɥʧ
һʱѾʱ䣬ʱůһƬˣڽе¶Ҫһ㣬ԼʹǵʮѮˣҶﻹǸо˿⡣
Ҷôˣ˯һлٴ֪ʱҲ˹վſڵҶæʵ
ҶϵһЦعͷ˵ϢĲ˯Ȼô˵Ҷֻ֪Ƿлٴѡ֮ôΪеͻȻ仯ԭ
һǣԺΣ¼ʱ򣬾޷ȫ׿עȥԡʱҶ־أΪ˻ߵģοźٻҪȫǲܵġҲ̬ЩƸеζ档ҶﲢԼʲôá


243 ҫ
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˾ӦһȥʱѾǰȥҶ˶һۣжЩɻæϡ
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컰һ˵꣬˵ζ΢΢ήһЩһĻҶһ˿ƺһ̣ࡣǿҡҡͷеҶעܿͻصǰϡ
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ҶﵭһЦ˵̹ѰɣʵǶףʲô飬Ϊӵ϶𣿡
뱻ҶһҴ¶һ˿ɬܻ˭ԸȥԼ˳ȻǲܵģĻӣ˵ǴҶΪҪѡ˳ˣôľǻ˵ˡ
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С㻹͸綷ԺҶһЦ漴Ϳ˵һ۾лٴһЦ
ѹٳСӲˣﻹ鷳ء
Ǹðһ䣬ǳ˻ǡ鳳ֺȥлٴһǹ˵ӣҶȴôôǷᡣ
ǻҶһ׹ððʲôи鳳ֺ˼Ҳ˰ɡУҵҸѵѵһ
ɽɽˣҶﱾΪԼѾ޵ˣû뵽лٴôһ仰Ū˶ˡѵԼƼҶЩȷ뵽
˵˻Ҫ˵˼һŪһ˱֮Ҷȴ֪£ڲʺЦ֡
лٴû뵽һô˵һ˵ʲôǿҶһΣյӣ̲סЩֵֹֻܹİסе˼޾Ӵ
ȵȫҶͽǰõ˵˵һ飬˵˼һ
ҶĻ˶ʱ۵СܿǾͲƵĿҶƺ˵ʲô˵Ļһ㡣


244 ˵ѡ
Ҷ￴ЩһﲻƵĿʱˣʲô˼ֲҪʵģֻǸͲǿɲܰͷϰ
Ҷʵôģлٴһ󣬻˵
ӣҶ֪ԼҪǲ˵˵ᱻΧŹһǾʵˡ
ô룬϶أʲô뷨
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ǻ˵ûܿ϶ˡ˵˵ǲ޾΢΢һ̣һм˵ΪһˣʱҪˣԺô죿
лٴæͷʾ޾Ļǵ˼Ҷ￴ﲻ΢΢п鵹Լ̫ˣЩ˹Ʋѡ뿪ġ
ȻǶˣǾ͵Ƚ̹ٵϢɣźܿ죬ܵõϢˡҶô˵Ϊ֪µ鱨Ѿˡ鵽ôţЩ˵㡣
ڴͬʱٳڵķ䣬һȺΧʲôٳϣЩûһҪ˳ģѡ
ͲҪˣһԵȴ̹ٵϢɡٳɵ˵ĶԱô˵ҲǳĬ
µ鱨ѾϣΪʱϵҾͲʹϸ˵ˡ鱨սʿ⣬ѾȷеĴ𰸣һʵĿǰֻʮǵҩڽڲͻƵģֻǸʮˣе鷳ǣΪʮ˲ûгʲô⣬Ѿʼһ˵ĸ졣˼ǾжЩ˶ɱҡ֮С£İ˾ЩͷӶȻǸϢΪһʵҵĸƻ϶֣ƺеѡ
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һЦ˵ȲҪո˵ֻһ㣬ǻõһ鱨εжźܴİݻĹǶλϣǰܵھͣжһʵҸ档ϮļƻҪ֪һʵҵıܹһֱúܺãڰλһСı¶˳˵һʽһȫԴӺϮطǷҪɽ·ﵽĿġ
Ļ󣬶Щɻ󣬷׷׿죬ƺҪӺߵĿ֤ʵϢ
΢΢һüֻܵ˵ͷԼҵĶǲó˵µġǻṩˣϵùˣҲûŵıҪˡ
õ֤ʵһЩοʱٶȿ˵εж˵ǸϢǾѡӶܿˡߣȫԽ͵ϮҪܳ˴˻ֱӵٶԷѣҲˡ
һ˵꣬˶һƬ˼֮УȻ˼Ŀԡʱ˿ٴʣȥȴǶ˹ӡ
֪ЩӶǲǻһжƻǺãҪ˵Ļǲʵֵġ
һЦ˵ЩӶѾڵȴжˣھ͵ߵĶˣҪǾжǿ϶һжġ
ô˵˶һֶԷֵܵĻỹǺܴġ
һ÷ؾ²˳٣Сʱ֮ͳ漴ɢᡣ
Ƿ·תҵͬʱ뵽֮ǰԼҶ˴ĻɵЩϾƷԼĻԼԼЩÿֻڴȺ˶ûѡ˳ˣ֮
Ϣʱסü;ԳҶڵķȥô˵ҪεĻݽ
̹٣ˣôһӰٳɾͼæʵǶڵȴźߣѾЩˡ
˶й˵һ»ݰɡ쵭Ķٳ˵ٳһæվȥ
쿴Ҷһ˵Ҷ˵˵ľɣж˳
ҶﵭһЦ˵̹٣ˣȺһûԸ˳ѡ
û뵽вɵ˿ͬʱҲ΢ЩݡƺҲκȱ㣬㣬ģƴЩԱ֪ҪʲôȻѡ첻ɵ¶һԼŬסǵ
ٳѾٴλһڻĵĶԱ˵һһɨźۼĵ˵ͷ
ȻǶѡǾҪ׼һ֮սƻϣԴô˵˶Щ׷װڡ
鱨ҵһһʵҵڣ⣬ھһʵҵͷǾܺܺõıɽĵˣѡҲܱȥԷɽطӶ͵Ϯá⣬鱨ѾһʵҵǿҩͻƵģֻʮĸսʿһʵֽһսʿĹǱƻǵƻ
̵˵֮˿ʼ˼ܱܿɽĵˣζԵĵ˺ԭһģҲ͵ϮжֻǲЩ뵱ȻˣһʵѾЩѵǲ뵽ԼЩ˻ӱĵط֣
̹٣ҪһʵҲǿķǵжǲǾЩ鷳ˡϾѾ˷ʶ뵽ⷽ档
ԵһЦ˵ǰϾᵽû뵽Ҳ뵽һ㡣ģһʵҵĸۿںΣ˵طδǰ¶ô궼ûҳĵطζţҲǸǿɳ֮ʡ
˵ʱ򣬲뵽˻ṩͼƬһͼƬʲôЩͨɽȴǿĵģž޴Ŀռ䣬ȫһ۰ڡ˶ʮ𾪣ɵø̾һʵҵĴֱʣܽɽڿղ˵ܽһۡ
Ҷô˵ǿǷȻܾò˵ʲôһʱҲ𰸡
ģ˶ǶȥЩƽûʱˣпܽҪж
ô˵׷׵ĵ˵ͷɢ˿ȥ뿪ҶҲæ뿪ȥԷ
ʮּªνʳһЩѹʳƷֻΪ˲˵Ҷơʱɵ뵽ʳǸΪʲôͦŸӣѵǲ˽ѺóԵĲɡ


245 ս
ʱתۼ͵㣬ʱҶһڻĶԱ׼ʱͣƺǰ޴Ҷﲻ΢΢̾˿˵õֱôһӾ½ôࡣ
ͬʱѾѿ׽ˣ˵ǻ׻ҶѡԵյһ֣Ҳ͵һսϣｫΪǵʱָЩ˽ᱻһʵҺ򸽽ִ֮ġЩף͵ĻҶܸɴĶ˳ȥ˭˵һ˭Ը
ϷɻԺһȺ˶˻СʱҶ͸о´һѹ֪ɻӦˡһ·޻ɻڲСʱ󣬽һսļװϣһ·ɻͿʼΧĻҶ￴һ޼ʵĺˮвɵЩԳǸѵһȥĸоһֵطܣûʲô顣
սϣһʱ䶼ûʲôǴúõһ´󺣵ҪҹжһȺֻѡϢȻػѾϢһˣǶû˯⣬Ϊϵжòѡ
ʱúܿ죬һʱɫѾǻ谵һƬҶ˯ۣæͼ߳Ϣ֡
ʱװѾվ˺ܶˣҶһ£ϲЩ֣װһһȺվŵˣҶϸܵϤζͬζϤˡ
ЩӦþǲμսĹӶ˰ɣ
Ҷ΢΢漴ͲźۼĴЩӶǰԴڿϹˣȻ׵۹⡣Щ˿ɢˣ϶ַݲζνļԼ涨ǰû˿áҶ뵽впǧҲı֡ҪǴαʣһӶЩһŽ֪ܷӡ
ʱһҶ˼ͼæżϵȺȥ˶ˣ÷ɤ˵
˻Ǳˮڽһ·ǶǱˮȥΪ˱ս˷֣̫ص㣬ֻͣ
ô˵ЩɧҪǱˮȥⲻð԰ţûǵĸܰ˵ˣ±ҲɸС֮ͧİôڵ죬˼ֲܷʲô
ʲô𣿡÷ɫЩȻ˵ķӦܲ⡣
÷ؽǱˮȥЩķװô죿ʱһ˹˵
÷üüͷвɵİһڽ򶼻ˣҪʲôʲôӢ˵ǰܾܲ˼һ£÷ƶЩջ𣬱Ǵһٵģǿ˶ЩɻĿ⣬ס˷뷨
εĽλ÷ı䣬ڵλòûз䣬ս֮Ҳԭ·أò
÷ػһ˵꣬ǰɻ˶˹ܿ˰ȺӶ׷Ǳˮǹ֧ҩȫŷˮƣȻЯ⡣
һ£˶ˮһ㳯ź˽ȥһͨͨ˶Ǳ뵽ˮС
Ҷһˮ͸оһ˿ĸоܿӦ˹Ǳˮ˶ξԲжѡǱˮֻӾѣҪȫǱˮ£ԲʲôΣա
ľ룬˿ɽʱİĺˮгһƳɵդǰ·裬ʹ˲òͣܿ죬˸ӵòƾ˾飬һǰζȥҶ￴˿еĶɵ뵽ϵ仰˿϶뵽ִըЯ
ɫӰװը󣬾ͺܿդʱ÷гһң±ưť󣬱դϵɢը˲䱬ըΪ˶ڰȫΧ֮ڣȻ˵
һˮ𣬴潥֮ҶͿդ¶һ޴ȱڡʱ˸ӵȳȱڴȥһǷ׷׸ϡ
˵һһʵҲûзʲô˶΢΢˿Ҷ֪ը϶Ǵ˳ȥЩ֮ûӦΪǺײ¡
Żǰζʱǰͳ΢΢⣬Ҷ˶֪ǵλˡӦô죬ͲҪĵˡΪŹӶĴڣҶΪ˱һ»ȺУһֱйоءƺҲ뵽ⷽ棬ڼװϣʲôⶼֱ˵ٳɡ
ȴƬ̣÷ؾһƣҶ￴ƣһ˿һƣǿн˼÷֮ЩĹӶͲɵһЩҶ￴¶һ˿Щ˹ȻЩϱӣȻʲôѪ±ӡжпһĶҶҲôġϾսϣǰǸ޴ΪΪһӶסŮ˲˭ΪνѪǰ浱ͷҶЩʱѾʼóˡҶһҲæȡK2ͻǹڵСһսˣòר
žһƵǹڴͬʱ÷еͻǹһӵӵˮлһɼĹƬ̺ͳˮ泯һȥ
һʯǧˣڴͬʱҲǷ׷¶ˮ棬ʼŸĵһʵҵȻû뵽ͻȻôˣҸ¶ôҵĹԵǸոӦʱ򣬾һϽѪ˵ϡ
һսһ㿪ʼϰˮ̫Ĳ㣬˵ĲЩǻӣҪǶԷˣôͻΪ˵جΡ
ϰ࣡÷һϰߣʹڴͬʱҶҲ˰ϰʮ˳ԶѾе˿۶˰
ȻӵһδУȴܺõѹס˵ˣЩҲ¶ͷһӵҪԼ
еһжǷĺѸ٣Ƭ֮һܹʮ˾ȫȫ˰ʱвĵֻܲУûС
÷شóһŸ߱ף˳ȥͼԣҪЩĵըɷ顣
һĻҶͫ΢΢аһɵ׼ǿߵסһô죬˿ûеһµ˼Ҫ˷ӦȻٰӳԼЩ˾Щ鷳ˡ
׼˲䣬Ҷ۶İһźХӵײȥҶ֪ӵײףȻֱӱըǸǰС˻һ˲䱻˺Ƭ
䡭һҶɫ΢΢һ㶣÷ء
һڹŪԼǹҶһ˿亹Լǰ׵ˣӵǰһ̣÷ҲһӵԺߵӵǽĹؼҶȻ˷һӵ
˿ʼûвĵ˴ڣҪлŵֱӸɵҪ»ڡеˣ÷Ͼ侲еԸɡ
һô˵ѸٵķɢʱٶȻڼ䱻ûǹȻǱˣûκλڵĴڡ
̲½ܳɹûʱ䷴ӦҾĿһʵҡֻҪһεˡ÷غܺʱ˵´ҶȴƲƲ죬Щ࿪
ոֻǶʮͨĵˣս˵ʲô÷׾ӵĹʿķûдʹ̫ˡҶ֪ո﷢һĻ϶ıһʵҿһǵ䱸߶ָơԽսһӦһս


246 ıʶ
ȻŲһĿǿѾʼСǰȥҶпһҲæϡ÷Ŀ϶ֻᷢʱĳ⡣
ʱҶﲻɵٶȹעԵĹӶϣȺǲźۼ˺档ܶſϷı飬ƺȴǰ˳Աһ
ǰһҶһ̤вɵĽֵʮΣգҪǶԷǰ治ֻд͵ĹԼЩײڱ˵ǹϡ
Ҷţæߵļˡսʼ޾ٳɵ˾;ۼߣԱʱչ˱˴ˡ
Сĵ㣬ЩӽһЩñһˡҶ˵ɫӾͶǰ
ô˵ҲǸӽȻҲһЩ²⣬ԶҶĻûʡ
ʱ仺ţ߹ĶԼٸӶǻǰȥʱǰ̵⴫Ҷ̲סսе֪鷳ܿͻᵽ
˾͵Σǰеˡʱ÷صĻ˿Ҷһ˶һۣͼæԱߵŲȥոնں档ͷ׹ĵطһҵȻͬʱһܼӵͺХжʱҽҶ֪ЩӦǶˣһ˲䱻ȡ
սԶǲпģĵֵطֵ쾡¡ЩҽҶвЩĸоֻ£ܿ˼ϵǸЩӲȱֻ׶ʧ˵Ҷ֪ʱҪľǱסԼ
÷ؽȥУǵ취ɵǰĻǹ˫΢У˵
첻ͣĹ۲ߺХӵʱֻû˿˼ȻһʵҵĵѡַʽѹˣԴﵽǵĿġ
÷Ļϵıӿʱ£첻ҲŬѰŽİ취
ٵһȰɣջڵٶȣҪǲܿǾҪֹͣˡ÷밲οʵ֪ʱӵͣ˲һǺ£෴ζŽŸӿ񱩵Ľ
ô˵Цһͣͬʱ˫۾ԵøˡʵУźֽܶİ취ǶһЩɱԵľٴ롣ַʽʱòˣҪǻǰ϶´ָǿжϵǹһֱѡַʽѹߣôֻһֿܣǶԷټ֡
ʱڻǹŭлţҲԽԽѹ֣ǺǸǹֹȥкͻȻֹͣ
ӹȥˣǹĳһֹͣҶ۾΢΢𣬱Щ֪սƺŸոտʼ
ʱͷ⴦һģģָҶûʲô֪ڽԼ˵϶ʲô¡
ϾҪˣǸȻģ÷ػͦˣ´ﳷ˵ΪʲôͲö֪ˡ÷ýֺͷ붼֪ԷⲻҪֿΪǽȥ档
Ӧô죿÷иЩܿ뵽ĴڣЩĽӴ£ӡ̣÷͵ǣ˿ĽǶȺܶĶԼ֮ϡ£Ŀ
û뵽÷ػͻȻôԼԷһ֮˵ӦüǵۿڵɣûмǴǾѡеһġڳˣ˵ʲô飬ҵĽǣ̳ȻڸۿڴȴԷĶû´Ļǵ˻һ֡
÷Ļ¶һ˿ԥ첢û˵ΪʲôҲĵط
ܲ˵˵Ϊʲô÷뻹ԼʣĿ֪Ϊʲôķ
쵭һЦ˵ܼ򵥣սϣصҪǶסһʵֻһԭǾѾں˿ӣûв´ǰ϶źֻܶҪǽȥˣͻ֮ܵ֡˳ȥʱǵ˾ͻǵĺ·ϡǻ
÷ɫѾЩɷ˲䣬ʹĺ
ٶȣڡ÷֪Լʱ䲻ˣΪԼǰӺˣҲζţԷϺ·ҲӺλ
÷һ£Լ΢΢˿ͿΧЩɡ֮£æһѾӳʱ·ȥ
Ӻٶȳں۵λãʱ˲ЩδĴڴšôһʱ䣬;Ķǵĳ档κ˶ЩӦ
ɳһˣһţֻҪ˳֣͸򡣡÷滺һ¼ٵĺæŹӶ˵ӶΪ׵΢΢üͷһˬĿʼ´׻˵Ǯ֣ǻеġ
Ҷ￴ǸΪ׵ˣȴ¶һ˿ɻܾһʱ벻ˡٰ˼֮ҲûȻ
еɻҶ￪ʼڵʽոһʵһıҪԼ׽Ҷľĸо֪ҪѣԼЩ˿϶Ҫ鷳ˣһŪúпȫû
ʱһͻȻҵǹҶһǰգڴͬʱҲ
򣬻汻ˣҪҹѾȥϵˡ÷ɫȻɷף˵ͬʱ촽̲סڲͣĶš
΢΢һЦȴûд𻰣üͷǼٵı仯šǿһأȴ֪ȥԼЩ˲ǲܵġ˼Ӧô
ʲô÷ؼһ˼΢֮æʵ˵ڵĵλǾʦһĴڣûעԼӵ˼ֱӲʡ
÷ؽýӦʲôʣ÷֮ô˵̽ʲôģ÷صĿÿ˶Լ۹⣬ֻм֮жӰȫ
÷һ£һʱ֮Щոջûü顣ʵ˵ոǼЩˣ˵ֶôС෴÷ָܱӣΪ㡣ȡ˵Ҳϵķ˼ԼΪΣղС˵ɶˡ
ǲЩ뷨Ͽ˵һԵĦ˹÷صӣæβڴͬʱӶĿ
üͷɨˣû뷨ȷеĴǲ׵


247 ڼ
λûǰЩ˴˻ȥӦô죿첢ûֱ˵еĴ㣬ɨһۣʵ
÷صô˵һʱ䶼üͷǲӹˣȻ⻰ʲô˼һʵڰ˾ʱ䣬ڿӣţһսʿˣ߹جˡ
֪ܼȥ²˳٣ҾӦùȥεҪ취ɣȻᣬһʵһٴݻپ͸ˡ÷˼ãպݺݵҧҧ˵
о仰вɹʣûԵ޹ʵʤеĶҪԼȥƴô˵˵ͷ˵˵ĶԣǾҪȥǾиᣬЩ˳ǰ˽ҧסǰΣգҲԼ˶ǰ档
˵껰ϲ¶һ˿ɱһʵҵָӹپҲ벻ԼЩˣոӳ͸ٶȷȥ
ԼĻõͬ÷غܿͷӦ˹ʼ´
˼ϣǹȥڴͬʱԼҲǳڽͨȥ
һæȥʱһʵǰϺ˱赲ͨһٹӶǿѹ£ѾһƬˣΪһЩսʿ棬ʼնֵսƵĴ׵ޣӶû䱸
÷ؿͨǿֿĸսʿЩʱȺֻʣʮ˼˵ͨսʿ⣬ȫǸսʿ
ʮ˻ӵһĿ꣬ǵɫơ÷صĿڣ˵ŻԼҲóϵĴ׵⻰һЩ˿ʼ׵Ҷһ£ûѡ׵ֶÿֻʮţһһšȫûҪ˷ѣһ뷨Ǿͨӵ᲻ЩЧЩƤӲӲѵ۾ҲӲɣ
Ҷֻ׼Щ˵۾֣ڵĿӵʱڳɹˡ
ҲǴ˵ôչ࣬ǸҲһȫ޽⡣۾һǹĸˣܿǵ˵ϣҶ￴һĻиǴ󶨡ʱҲע⵽һĻûи׵˶ʼѧԷҲѧˣƵֵ۾ҪȻʱסǵĹȴǲƵļ
˷׷׿һʱսʿͬӰ㣬£ʣµʮսʿһԣ׷ڳ˶ȥ
׷ȥҪˡ÷һЩҪӣ¶һ˿Цæ´׷Ȼ׻˵Ī׷仰˵ǲ׷սĵˣЩսʿĶʲôսʱ׷ʱ
ȥ֪ͨ棬ҪԮЩЩѲʱһʵҵһУһͷ䵭˵һԵĵ̣ȥһ޴򼣬ˡ
ȵȣĬȻйҪڴҪŵʱ򣬹ͷ󺺿ĻڷĽߣͻȻʲôٶȷԸ
һȥͷ󺺵ɫ¶һ˿ζЩôЩϷʵζ
㹥ɣֻҪ˲ܵҸµĴ͡ͷ󺺵Ļﻺڼдɢ֮С﷢飬߹˵Ȼǲ֪ʱѾǵִľͷڣһտĴ˵ǰ
һηͻ˷ڸʮһ˵£һʵϺ˼һաʮһžǹӶ߹ĶԱֵҵǣĵĶԱûʲô
ô죿÷ؿǰĴüͷ˵ûһӰڣͨطͨ÷Щ鱨вûᵽط֪Ӧôͨȥ
üͷ񲻶ĿطֲõֱǾʲôط⣬벻
һ°ɣԷ϶һЩ׼ҪóȻȥһ鷳񲻶֮£ֻѡ˵ԭһļƻڿû취ʩˣֻܻƽ
÷û뵽ô˵Ļ̲סЩɲ˵õһôһͱˡ
ǲǷʲôף÷ؾɲʵҪ֪ʱ䣬ͣǸԷʱ
̾˿˵ҷʲôֻܸоЩף뿴һʵҵʵͺǿΪʲôҪɼͲˣӦͶˡ
÷һºܿ˵ӦһʱټôˣҪʱɣⲻҲǰжѵʲôף
컺ҡҡͷ˵жЩȷʵʱ䣬ǺһҪ⣬ǾһʵҷΧж󣬸鱨ʾûж󣬶ֵڣѾȥٰСʱǵʱȫ㹻ˡǰǻϵսʿͣǸոҲŸоǵ뷨̫ЦˣǵʵͱǿϤ£ûҪôЩ˵ĳֻһֿܣҪȥһٽ鷳
÷ر˵̫ڽϾսʱֻһ˲䣬ǵȫ˵̲꣬סֻ̾ǿ˱ĶȴĥŸ⡣
ǵһˣúúϼƺϼˡ÷ؿЦһ˵˵Ż׼´ʱЯǵ绰ͻȻ
÷΢΢һ㶣ܿͷӦ˹æ绰
绰һͨ÷ظ˵ʹлϵǻţ˵˵֪ͨǹӶӶǶԷˣڱ취źۼİǣȻд鷳ˡǵ绰ֻܵͣ÷һ÷ô˵˵ɫЩǿָ֮˼Ĺҵ˵绰
ʲôˣ췢һɫ̫ɻ֮æʵ
÷һæһԵ˵򣬸һҵϢǵڼ飬ոĵ绰ҵġ
һ⻰̲סһ󷢺ڼ飬ھȻڼ飬ѵǣ
˵ЩӶ
÷һ˿Ц˵ԾЩĹӶңѪӶŵųһʵһǵϱڱһ취Щ˸ɵ
ɫЩͷһЩӶ֪ԼҪ¶ʲôܿԼЩ˾Ҫһ𲢣ʱ򣬾Ǿˡ
ȵȵȰɣЩ˾쵽취֪ͨˣʱٶ֡ת뵽Ψһ
÷شʱѾЩˣô˵ɫЩ֪˵ûԷڶ࣬Լ࣬ڳͻǲǵġ
һ󣬾һû˵߻صĶ顣
˾͵һս÷ش˵;ߵӶǱߡ
Щ˿סֹͨǵͻϮ÷صŹӶС´һ÷˵ɫһ䣬ܿͻָʼԼ´
ڴͬʱ첻źۼ˻ĶԱߣҶ￴ںԼʹɫЩɻеļУһ¾Ϳߡ


248 ѪųĬȻ
̹٣㡭Ҷ˵ʲôȴƴˡ
͵˵˵סҪͷģոյõϢЩӶڼ顣취֪ͨˣǰϢݸжԱȵʱ죬һ֣Ⱥ쵰ɵ
ô˵ҶһʱЩӦˡڼ飿һоԼıǿʼû뵽޴ΣվȻһֱԼߡ
ˣС¶šȵǿҶﷴӦ˹֪ԺźܴĳԺߵ˽⣬֪Ҷ϶ɫΪѡҶٳһϢ¶ʲôš
֪ˣ취֪ͨǡҶﵭһЦɫָû˿쳣ӡ쿴ŵǷ
֪Ѿ̲ݻҶҲԥܿٳɵˣ򵥵˵һºͺһʼ֪ͨˡ
ĶӳɧܿһЩ˵ע⣬оͰЩӶǵǿЩֻڿЦһĻɾͷڴͬʱҶŵ֪֪ͨˣˡ
Ҷʲô˼ƽ޹ʱҶﵷһȭŵʱһĺ
ҶﵭһЦ˵Ҳûŵûкҹе뷨˵ŻҶͲɫʹɫŵҶô˵϶ʱЩҪʱȴע⵽˺߲ͣգ۾
ѵʲô飿
ŵЩȷ뵽˽ּΣҶЩ˽ģǼưٳսթԸôֳͻȻս
뵽ŵЩ²ڴͬʱҲװһŭݵ˵ȻҪսΪʲôңҪΪʤҼΣôš˵Żŵ͵سҶͬʱҲǻȭ˹
ͻȻ֣ܿ˵ע⡣ӶСͷĿһĻϷһ˿ЦһȺ׳գҪ˻Щ˵ǽ
Ҷŵսܿ˵ע⣬ڴͬʱĶӵĶԱҲǷ׷ԼĿ꣬ʼϢȥ÷ؿЩ˵ľٶһ亹û뵽ĶӾȻѡķʽϢ
ʵȫҶţ֪Σյķʽ벻Ч
һʱȭཻò֡սĽУЩµӶʼкҶЩ̲סɱת
ˣӶڼ飬һֱӶ֡սĹҶ͵˵ŵ벻ҶﾹȻԼһجģҪЩ׼ƻ¶
ʱҶͻȻһŵСϡŵҲǱ߷˳ȥʱİ˸ԱЩȥˣҶĿŵƣʵ̫ˡæ𵹵صŵһŭĿҶ
в࣬ûսĽûҪٽȥˡҶﵭһЦϵĲм˿ûε˼
Ƥӣ㲻Ҫ̫ˣһĶԱʱЩ̲סˣʱʼƿڴҪʱȴǱŵסˡ
һ죬һսʤġŵĻЩ⣬ƺҶӺߵпл⡣
ҵţҶﵭһת뿪ȫˣʣµľͿ˵ıˡٳɸոոɫ֪ϢӦǳˡ
Ҷǲǹģ㿴ǼһߵŤ޾ҶԣЦ
Ҷһһۣ˵ڿʼԣһţͻţ
޾û뵽һͻȻ˵ôһ仰˶ôϤĻ仰˵ߵģҶٶ˵ижѡ
޾ݺݵĵ˵ͷܿԼ֪ڲϹжʱڵ̫Σգóʮֵע
޾Ҷл˿Լһʵսѿǿлǵ£ҶԼܽ󱳽ѣǶԼİο
ŻĶԱߣ߹˶֪Ϣڴͬʱȴװûһϲûʲôı仯Ҷ֪ЩںԼһ϶ǰӿ
쿴˵ķӦһЩοھ֮£˻ȷʵǾӢͷܿЩϢǴȥģôһȺӶȴһ鷳
ڴͬʱǰǸңصű˴滺ƿͷתˡһϴӯӯЦ꣬Цݸһֺŵĸоīɫĳ£ǶԾӲʱֳһ˿ͷ󺺵æתһߣܾãߵһ˶ɵײС
˵ңʲô顣ڷ䵭˵ɫû˿仯ǴЦ⡣ͷôĻͷЩŭϲûбֳ֪ǰЦúܲõˣȴȶ߻Ҫࡣ
ѪӶųĬȻΪպΪĿĲֶΣΪĴڣѪӶŲ˽յĵλʹһֶΣӶţѪӶŸǳжӶгΨһˡ
ͷȻһʵңǶĬȻȴ֪ܶࡣһֻƾԼ룬ȫơԹͷ֪Ϊ˲ӰһʵҵļƻֻܺúöԴһ
ȷʵһЩ飬㿴ǰµǲǿԶˣֻҪͻȻתǹڣǿ϶һͷһѯʵ˵ʹﲻԸ˵Ҳòô
ĬȻЦһȴûлػ˼ǽͷת˼ƵӰеһȺˣһ˿мĬȻЩ߹˾ΪԼµꡣѪӶѾǿˡ˺ʱ뵽һСӦߵĹӶʵڰ߻һϷ
ĬȻãڵѪѾҪٸ˭ˣȫԼ뵽ĳЩ֯УĲȡ档ֻϵķչȥ顣
Ǹͷ۵ļһû뵽ﾹȻ֮ϲĬȻһȤı飬ȻЩʱҶöͷ
ڻǳģȵʱЩȻһʣĬȻЦһ˵һΨһ¶һĨ˼ʲôһ
ͷ󺺿һűԼλϣ϶ʱЩ粻쵰ΪԼǵʲôãҪķԸھ͸ɵŵļһ
ͷĬȻôһǷ⡣
ڼз飬Ȼ˿֪飬ʱһ治źۼĹ۲ŹӶĶһĵȴ÷ص
ҾòȥˣʱԽԽ÷оԼȹϵһĸоȻ뵽ڳ˼̲ס˵


249 Ҿ
Ű취÷ͻȻϣЩ졣оͲܰһ£ôҲǸָߣôһǸûС
ǻλýЩôһֱ˼İ취͵͵ΧӶȻͻȻġǿǵԷԼеĿռ̫Ϳʼ뵽ҪҪһطЩĻӲ
һطܲ˵һ㣬Щ̫ס÷żҪû뵽һﻹںԼա˵Ǽٵģֲİ쿴һڵıôô
쵭һЦ˵㲻Ҫ˵ǿԻطЩˣܰЩ˵ķסǱצϻ
÷ЩˣʱЩӶڵͨоһƻĳ͡
˵ǸͨôҪ˶ȽȥͻȻӺ濪ǲյЧ˵Ż÷ʾһ¡쿴һͨ϶ʱЩõ΢Ц
׻˵ӣǰΧĻڱ÷صѣʱֻҪЩȫȥͨȻԼںֱӿȫԴԷһֲ
طܲȫһ¡ڽڣҪǿͻȥЩ˿϶ʡ¶һ˿ЦȻЩԼôĲҲûʲô
÷һҲƻСԷ϶뾡鷳ԼҪȥǿ϶ûʲôڽЩ֮飬Ҳ١
Ǿô죬ԤףǺˡ÷صһЦ˵תȺȥ
׼һ£׼÷仰˵áǸӶСͷĿô˵ʱģЩСҪˣӶˡҲϿʼټԱͬʱзԸһһ֡
˼Ϻú÷ؾǸӶСͷĿ˵Լ˼һҪԼǰ棬ɫɵĿʼһֱԼ˶ں棬ͻȻԼǰ棬ôоֵֹġ
ɻֹ˺ܿ뵽һΪǰĺУʿں棬ùӶǰ档ЩȻˡ
жʱЦֹϸ޵ĳһȺɵҪ˻֪ȻӾԴ
ȽСһ㣬϶㣬ҪڡСͷĿ˵ŻȳȥһڹӶ⻰涼ʲô˼ܿ͸ȥ
һٶ̽ͨ÷Цһ
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ߣʱעһ⻰ѸٵķӦ˹ŵһǹ죬ʮ˵ŭͨеĹӶкȥ˱ЩɥʧжǱŻ𣬸ֱͳ˸߱ףȥ
ת̫죬СͷĿմմϲʱ¾ͿʼȺ¡ͻȻǹͲҽЦݺݵĳ鴤˼£ʱҲʲôӦʱ򣬾;һڣɥʧʶ
ЩӦѸٵĹӶѾҵ壬˵Ҳ֣ЩͨжŴ͵Բǰ߹ԱȹһΣǣٴֳǵá
ֹͣо÷æͣҲֹͣͨеɢ֮˿Ĳ״̲סЩθʱ䣬ԭӺĹӶҲǽڻһߡ
ʱԭɾͨ棬˲ֵϱۡҶ￴޵һ龰̲סƫͷڴͬʱɫһЩҰסȻǰܶβҾ徵ľ󣬵ҶﲻòϣһθĴ
Щ˵Ľյ³˶ЩȻǵˣ˵ֻԭ򡣴Ҷһѵ裬ûܱ֤Щ˵ĽգͲԼ졣
Ҫˣ˻ȥ÷ɫɷ׵˵ڿû˵ԺֱӷԸ˵ķӦ̫ã÷֪վ϶˿ʼŻ¡ʱǣһȫҪ˶Ż²ֹôԼЩ˵ս½㡣
÷صɴ⣬׷ͨڡЩ˸ǿǽ̱ҶʱѾЩָ˹ɫ⣬û̫
ôˣҶ￴ɫҰף岻ס޾ĵʵ
޾ЩͣʱûдǸ˼лҶĻЩͨҲֻԼף֮ŻĴһôֵðο顣
ûµģһжȥżһҪ޳ˣҶȴû˿ӵ˼ٶ԰οҶͻȻ뵽һ棬̲סһ¡
һĵطʮή̨֮ϣΧһѵĻʬ壬ЩЩԼУЩ˵СħѵӪ̨ÿһѧԱҪجΡʮСĺͯҰһ㣬ûκŵǸ˲ܼѵҶ̨һʤߡ
лл㣬û¡Ҷʱ޾˵ѹеʣҶߵȥ¶һ˿΢Ц
ЩӲһѡľŬյ̫Ҷﲻ֪ԼΪʲôҪ˵仰֪пᡣĳͻ֮䣬ȨᵱУֵ쾡¡Ƕֻɹȴûע⵽ֹԵı£˶ԩꡣ
޾΢΢һ£ĵ˵ͷҶĻȻЩƫŤĻ£
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ҪԼȥǴҲ뿴ˡ޾˸ۣһˬ˵
ҶǲǾЩСӸûһֹͣٳ̲סʵŸոջٿҶһȴǺɫ˵Ǽٵġ
Ҷ￴˿˵ٳɣ󵭵һЦҲ϶
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ܴ󣬴˶һʱܶ˶Ƕʱ˷Ӧ˹Ѹٵվ
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˶һʱ÷ص񻺻ɨӹȥ
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һͨ׶ԣʧȥ۾ٶ˹ʡǵģչǵˣֻԼУпĽֻʧߵ³ʤһûа̾ıҪҲûа̾ĻᣬΪŸӲҵսڵȴǡ
ҶζĪ⣬֪ͬ£˫Ľֻһ֡


250 ĬȻֶ
һʵҵļĬȻ۾һգգĶżĻʱĻ档ʾĺȻǲ֫ϱۣɺɫѪҺͨȾɺɫĬȻһĻűЩӿֳһɭȻ֮ɫ
ᣡĬȻҧгݵĺݺ̺ŵԹԱߵĹͷ̲סеһ⡣ĬȻһߣﲢԼˣЩ˵ܸܲ档ˣһ֮ڱľʣĬȻвŭǼٵġ
ҪһͣΪʲôǻᱩ¶ĬȻƽ˵ƺ˵һƽ¡˭֪֮µǹʱ緢ŭ
ͷ΢΢һȻЩ˵ҲЩƲѣĬȻԼ˵Ļȥ
ҪʲôͣĬȻҸ㣬̫ĳ붼һʣ㻹ƾʲôôšǸ׳գԼһ˻ҪһʵϡΪһʵʲôǰÿ԰㵱ϱû˺һʲô𣬻ͽУ
ĬȻһЦһŪ˵ں˵𣿡ᣬͷȴǸоЩԣǵﲻ˵
ȻǺ˵ˣĬȻΪһʵһ㵱£ķǶҵˣ㻹ô񡣡ͷȻоЩ̫ãҲĬȻˣһǰ̫ţԼӣܱ
Ǹ׳աĬȻһЦȻڹͷ󺺵Ĳݺݵס˺ߵʺ
򡭡ĬȻ㡭ҪʲôҿɸһʵңסͷʱһƬհףһ¶ôҲ뵽һﾹȻŵֵزһʵֱӶԼ֣Ͳ
룡һĬȻ΢΢һֻһͷ˾Ǳյһڵϡź˫ĲĿ۾ĬȻ΢΢һЦ˵ôķϣҸһܡһʵǸϼһӦѾˡ£ĬȻŵվƺһнһ΢顣
ʧ˶ˣǾȫɡĬȻĻĶУϲ޳˵ĬȻǵ绰ͨһ롣
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÷ؽǸôĦ˹ʿǶָ˹ʵ
÷΢΢һü̲ס졣ܻڣ˵һ붼ĹͣҲû뷨ٶ뵽졣
ЦһæͷƫһߡһﻹΪԼ˲ɣֲʲô鶼֪˵Ǹָӹ٣ܻһЩɣһֱҡ
ķӦ÷һ˿ʧܿЩ
Ȼûڻһʵҿ϶ǰ沼飬÷ƶֻ֪ҪԼҴߣ϶ҪԷԵͷʣ¡
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÷صһθоԼȻôԥһ棬¹òСġʱÿһڵıҲ¾
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÷ؽع˹һֱǱһʵҡţΪֻΥ涨ֱϵģһʵұѪӶŹһʵҵѾɱѪӶŵѾ˰ٷ֮ʮԱϣܴ˽ռʣµ򡣡
÷⻰ֱӾⶼʲôһʵôᱻݣǰӶǵ÷صһӦһʵƽԼǵ绰绰Լȥ
һʵҵ˰ɣҾͲСˣûκáҪǴĻȰͶ򡣺Ե˶ûк³÷˵껰ЦһҶ˵绰
٣׳աһܱյʵУһŵ绰̲סƿڴû뵽ԷֱӹҶԼĵ绰˶ˡ
鳤ô죬ǹƺܿͻԱߵһС￴ŷĸ˹һżʵ
ô죬ȥһˡ˹û˵ֱӳų÷ص˵ڸȥ
÷ؽô£쿴һҶϵ绰һЦжʱЩɻ
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Ҷ㶫ɣս£÷ȴԲԵһ䡣ƺֻʾĴڸ
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ģˮûУҪɣ⣬治һѳԡ޾һ߾׽ſеѹɣһߺ첻˵
Ҷ󵭵һЦһﵹǸ񾭣ոջĵȥ²ˡ
úóĶԽԽڿʡҶû˵һ͵ͷʼԶǸһٲԶûţжͺܲˣǰļӣѾǺõģҲûбԹʲô


251 ˹
˷׷׳Ŷʱ򣬸˹СͣĸڵĴϵʱ򣬿ǰ龰˶Щˡ
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÷ô˵ȴûи˹鷳˼ô˵ʵ˹ȻȨĶ飬Ķ飬ȴûκȨá
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ô˵˹һЦ˵λãعϣжнҵĵǲԱܸõԴҶã˵أ
΢΢һЦ˵˹Уҽ죬ǻĹжӡǺһʵгԱֻǺϵûеǲһ˵÷ؽжָӣܵίɵģ֣ǲӦġ
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עԴǣĹľֻ˾㲻ǣЩ䣬˶֮ǱԼ̬ȣԸܸ˹ǲ
˹͸оһѪŭӿϣͲֱˡҲ벻˻ôѶԸһھͰѻͷ˹֮ϣЩ޴֡
˹ܴ֮˶˼ѾûԹ˵˼Ϊ뵽Ҫ飬Ǿռ̡ʱЩ˵Ҫ֣Ĺ˳ȥôͲʤ͸Сˡ
÷أջǰĻ֧Ȼ죬ֻһҪ󣬾Ǿ쿪ʼж˼֮˹ֻܲԸ˵˵仰ֳ쿴ȥ˵ľ򽫾Ӧɣǰҿǲܣ¡
쵭һЦҲû˵ʲôֻĵ˵ͷ˹һӷ
˹ѡ쵹Ƕָ߿˼֣ǰֵĵӡǼʹжԺ˼ֺøУҲøոԼʲôףڹҵĲϣԼûʲôĹĸӹֻǺϵȻ÷ָӣǲ˾ʸĹĶ顣
ìܵõ⣬Ƭ̾뿪˴Ÿ˹˵ĵطȥʱ˾˸˹ǰڵĵط
Ҷվ֮󣬾ͿʼΧĻȻ˹ĳȻĴı˺ܶ࣬ǳϰߣûһİĵطҪ֮˽⳹ףԱΣյʱӦԡ
ӦһսָģҶΧڷŵڶ಻֪ܲ²ǰǽϣλùһʱʾһʵҵֲҶԿĻϴʱźܶɫĴڣЩеľеûйƶš
ֶǰӦǸȳԭֳģÿζһ˵Ĵڡ
ҶҾһĺܳƨ̹˵Ļ̫ˣҴǳˡҶﲻͣɨΧ޾оģԿʼһ⡣
ҶЩĿһһۣһүܱܲ˼ҳƨƨûаëǮĹϵй򻹲ʱúϢһʵڡ
ţҶٶȽעڵϣܿͶһʵҵĽṹһЩ˽⡣׼˵ģҶ÷ҲţЩṹ˵Ժжа
ҶЩڵλöѪӶռˣλˡѾѹ˰ٷ֮ʮǱ뾡óԿֵʴĽŲ˹һָŵһ˵
һʵҵһʵ鳤ΪһعǱ֮ȡλѾǺܲˡ˴ж鱨ǴﴫݳȥģһʵһЩλֵλ̽õ鱨
˹һֱڴжҲΪһЩŬжʼˣȴͻȻѪ飬ЩżѡԼҪĶڶ䵽ѪӶŵϣȥ϶ûɡ֮²ѡϵ÷ϣߵһʵҿԼ
˹УǽôЩɻݻʵҵģôе㲻ζˣ
˹һЦ˵һʵֵ֮ʱҪܽʵռ죬ǾòˡǵԼɡ
һ⻰΢΢һ¡̫˰ɣطôֲϹӣĻϵˣô˵ǵǴݻһУƺʲôռɣѵĴǽŲΪã
뵽вɵľίʱͷȷָʾǲϧ۴ݻһʵңڸ˹ֵô˵һЩ⣿


252 ĵĳ
÷˵ĶԻҲ뵽ʲôڹ֮䣬һʱ䲻֪Ӧѡʲôáڸ˹ı͸¶һʵҵ뷨ԼܵΪʲôǴݻһʵأ÷غǾᡣ
ߣ÷ز֪ʱԼӦվһߣѡݻһʵңǺ͹ԣ˼ǲͷġѡռһʵңǾǱԼĳԣҪԵĿ
ӦӦô죿
÷֮С
˹У֪ΪʲôһʵһıʣʱһֱûгĦ˹˵Լеʡ˹ԣĦ˹һ˵ܼ򵥣ѪӶűĹӶȴǺһʵҹһʵѪӶǸֲ֯Ӧöһʵжĺ֮Ϳ˿ֲ֯ôֲ֯Ѿֺϵ˲һ棬ֻһѡǾǰһʵռΪУԾڵһĻⶼЩˣһʵǸģܶ˶ڶء
˵Ҫռһʵҵǿֲ֯һ˵
˹һЦӦ֪򽫾˵ʲôҿԸεĸ㣬ĿǰһʵҵԴѾŴ󲿷˿ֲ֯ҲҪȡǱֻṩ鱨ڶȡһʵҵ뷨·Ժеġô˵һʵҵоɹֲǶ뿴Ƕȡôãǹҵ飬ûҪġ
仰̲סЦԭԼˣڸոԼĶأڿԼǶˡڴͬʱ÷ҲһõĽνѡ˵ǽõϢ
ΪʲôʾϼǵľӦøЧǡ֮Щɻʵ
˹̲סЦһ漴˵ǿܲѪӶռһ֮󣬾ͷ˴Χźûа취ϵ֮ܺ÷ϵΪǵǵ绰һͬĶǶ棬һ£ǲҪͨҲ̾ͨ
еʶõ˽ͬʱ뵽ѪӶôԭ򣬳׸磬ҪԼЩ£˳ҪԮҲû˿취
Ȼλûʲôɻˣô²˳٣ǻǾһôȥԷѪӶŰɣ˹һ˵ԣɫɫıҲգıҲãҪǶԸѪӶţĶС¡
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˹ɫһ󣬻˵ֻʵˣЩãܹǲˣݵʾԷ֮߰࣬Ǻܲ
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ô˵еĵĲЩȻô˵вЩ̾һȻ򵥣Ե׶ܻ治һ
鳤ЩزסˣЩѾѹˡӦԵʱͻȻ˴ƿܿһǹ˽ʧ˵
üͷ˹̧ͷ˿ϵʾɫҲЩʱʾܶ㶼ǳ߶Ѿʮӵ·ˡ
Ƿ˳ͻûûԱ˹һʵ
һ¶һ˿˸ʵĵ͵Ϯǣֵܣ⻹ˡЩ̫ǿˣû˿취
˹ɫʱĿ¡Ƭ֮һ˿ɱ΢΢źϣĻﻺ˳
ѪӶţĬȻ
ҶﱾǿŵǵĬȻֳڷеʱ˶ͬʱɫ任ֹЩš
ĬȻ
һֱǵǸΪ˹ųǰ˵Ҫ̵Ӷŵ˾ĬȻǸһû˵ˡһֱҶֻ֪ȴ֪ߵʲôڵٶȳеʱҶЩ˷ܣޣϲԼ
̹٣ǲѪӶţҶתͷĶ죬ƺҪŪеɻû뵽ʱҶ˵ôһ仰˶֮ſЦ˵Ӷŵ˾ѪӶţųĬȻѵӪһλֱҵѧԱ̾֯ɫͨһɱְͽߵһλռ˳ʮ֮áԣ֪࣬Ҳϣܶͣڵ㻹Ķ֡
һͷҶЩɬΪӶ繫ϵӶ֮һԭΪԼֻҪ֪˾а취ԷڿԶԶѵӪһλֵıҵѧԱζʲôҶԼԼʣµһܲ
һֱҵԭ򣿡Ҷﵭ˵֮û˿֮⡣һ˵ͷԭ뱣סӵǳ˽ĻǴʲôڿҶ뵽ͨ˵еʱͲٲ뵽ЩǷǷǵˡԶŶԷϧĳЩƺעһе޵лǲɱײһ
̹٣֪˼ҲòҴӦԼԺ󡭡
Ҷû˵Ļȴײ˵Ľ̸С˶ûע⵽ʱѾ׼ȥ赲ѪӶֵĲˡ
λΪǵҫΪ̫ܿҾǺȺһײ˹뵽ԼʧȥĻ飬ۼһ˶ŹˣĹ٣ʹԶǧ֮⣬ʱ̵Żع԰˹һֱԼҲЩõĴȥЩȥˣѪӶŵ˹Ψһ뵽ľǱΪЩոȥǣһ


253 ֯
ڸ˹Ĵ£˺ܿ˫սĵص㣬ʱѪӶں͸˹˽żҵĽҶһߣоǺ⣬ȻӦ̣ҪܷĬȻΣ¿϶ԥĳ֡
ãҶﻹûǸ죬ʧ֮ҶɫҲЩ̫ˡͬʱ˹˿ʼ˵ǽҶ￴Ŵ˴ĵΣüͷ΢΢һ㳤ս˫ͣ߶䣬£ԼЩҲѰϾʱڴѾһٶΪˡ
̹٣аǵ˸Ϳȥٳɿⳡ棬񲻶˸šкü۶κǰԼ˵Ӱڲ˸ܳ֡
⻰Ҳüͷٳ˵ûֵζڽս˫źܴƣʱѾܾʲôʤǶ
˹ȥûʲôã㻹ûбʲô취żæʵ
˹ôƽأô˵治ӷˡҪа취ˣϾ۾Ҳߵκεط
̹٣и뷨ǲ֪ɲԣҶͻȻ뵽ǰĵͼûмǴĻط·ѪӶŵĺ棬ҪЩ˹ȥԷһ£Ǿ͸ˡ
˵˵ü˵ҶǺ˽ģһȻ˵ʱ̣϶Ըʹ˰֣ͷ֤һ㡣
ҶﵭһЦҲȥһɵı飬ֱ˵ҼǴĻݵϵʾǿԴ·ƹ˺󷽣ȻлЧ϶á
Ҷ˵꣬컹û˵˹̲ס˵뷨ͦõģѪӶǱҲ϶ܶǵжмͼ̫Σա
˹òϣʿǸȤ뵽ʵֲòˮڼԱ˵ʵǲˡ
ҶһЦ˵ս֮ϣûаȫĵطҪһζǲܵģֻдƽֲһ
治żһô˵ȻǱ̬ȡʱ˹Ҫͬ˵ô϶Ҷɳȥɲġ
ʱ򣬸˹ͻȻҶĶѣںô˵ԼսòҲһǻ£˹ԥܽǰĵһټ𣬸ѪӶҲһĴˡ
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ǲԣҪպãҲ˵һλᡣԤУҲôġǻ᲻ҲôͲö֪ˡ÷ô˵һʱ伸˶üͷ˫м£͵ϮƺΧս̫󣬶һãͻὫ˰װ͵
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̹٣ȥԣģҿ϶Żġ
Ҷô˵̲ס̾˿һﻹǲƽ
ҴӦȥ˰ɣסǶ˵仰漴ǰ棬ڴͬʱеͻҲǿʼŭЩѹ֣ƺַֻͨʽܵõй
õ׿ϣҶ΢΢˿ڴͬʱҲĿ⿴÷أָ߲ӹ٣ɲɻҪ뷨
Ҷ񿴹÷΢΢һЦòϣĵʿһڳ˵ĸоܾúƽɫ֮£ǿš
ϲǿʿܲѡŸԴһȥ㲻ʧġ÷˵仰µĿҶƺڵȴķӦ
Ҷﵭһ£˵ͷܿĻĶߣڽ˵֮˾Ȼ׷ױʾԸҶһȥҶﵽѵķӦͷ̲סһů
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ҶҲܣҿ϶Ҫȥӵǵƻϣô̼ûôС޾Ⱥһﶼһ˷ܵӣʱƺǺҶﲻԼæ˵
Ҷ￴żһһеӣ΢΢һЦ˵ͷ޾ȻЩСëǾʵǺǿģߣԼɵƻʱҶ϶񶨺ߡ
޾ˣ˶ëԼٳɣлٴǱԼȥɵġҶͬлٴ룬ٳһ»Ǿܾˡ
ҶܾٳһӾͳĬ֪ʲô˼ĶĿǰԱ״̬ԭӳȻЩʵĸоһЩϣһЩõġٳ֪ҶԼտԱ
֪˼Сӿɵøһȥ޻ءޣô˵ֻ֮һ仰Żٳ˵֮ͽĶҶҶﻺͷ֮΢΢˿
֮ҶѾѡѣԼĸˡʣµĻĶӳԱҶЩòԼѡˣҪʣµˡ
Ҷʱ򣬸֮зֱһߣЩ˷ֱǸĶӳ
ŵһЦ˹ʱҶҲǷ֪һܹʲôѵ
˵Ҫ֯ӣǺܸȤԹơ֪ѡûУŵ򵭵˵ƺ˵һƽ顣
ҶﵭһЦ˵ڷأڿˣҵһ£ⲻʲôӡҶﲢûкЩ˿˼ʱֱܷһˣٺòˡЩʱͼԾҪôҲûҪӣҶˣҪ˵̫ίԵԼеㆪˡ
ŵͦ⻰ϵЦˡһﵹû˿ֱӾͬˡ
һˣٴһŵĶҶһֱҶڼйʧ䣬йʹޣЩʱ޲ý̻ˡգһг䶨һ̤ͬѵִ·֮ЩԹԲ֪ʧˣҪľսһ
ô˵Ҷô᲻һ˼һ֮˵ͷͬˡ
ʱƤ˹ƺҲҪ˵ʲôǵҶɨӹ֮ЩԥŵԼһǰҲǳ˲ٿҪ˵ȫûԹԣǼٵġһ֮ѡ뵽ǲԼһα߱ȥϾܽΣҶսô˵ΪӢۣȻԼʲôò
Ҷɨ˱沢ûжٻ䣬Щ˵ı֪뷨϶һһЩǱԼӱŹˡ
Ҷ֪Щô룬ȵΣʱ̣źܴģҲΪʲôûоܾԭ֮һǸпıҪְҵЩҪжʲôͱӵ飬ôǵĽǱµĴۡЩʲôҶҲ޾ˣὫԼĺ󱳽Щˡ


254 Сӳ
ʮ˺ܿ÷ǰ÷ؿǸ緢սܵʿвɵ΢΢пʱҲƵľ̼ǵЩս׷ɵȴѪȼࡣ
һȺȴս֮ĵʿ÷ؾֵ𾴡ܽΣЩ˶ΪӢۡ
Ƕ׼𣿡÷شĺȵʮˡ
Ҷ΢΢һͬĺһʹͬԣͬ˼һƺеľս⡣÷ĵ˵ͷ˵ǾսɣʿǣסԼǻһԸǽӷѫ
һĴ֮÷ؽһͨҶϣͬʱ˵ʿҺ㣬ϣԼʹ÷˵껰ͻȻֱ֣صľһʽ
Ҷ΢΢һ㶣ܿͷӦ˹߻һ
һо֮Ҷһǰ˵ʲôǵûн̸˼Щʧתȥ
Ųϣܳĵӣû֮һ벻Ҫʧ
쵭ĻҶ͵һ𣬺ܿݺݵĵ˵ͷʹǵȴŵľˡ
һǵĵҩҪûǾͳɣصȺҶ´˵һ֮󣬶ɿļ鿪ڴͬʱҶҲʼ۲ıáĵУֻľѻ֣ʣ˰Լͻǹ䱸У˹ٺСȪһǾѻ֣ͻǹáܹѻ֣ҶĿƺЩ̫һºҶɴӻĶԱһѾѻǹԼϡ
ʱ˶ϣҩܳ㣬Ҫڲ䡣֮£ҶʹžŸ뿪ԭأ˵£ǰĵطȥ
ҶǴһ·ߵģ־һȥĻ鷳Ծͷ뷨ֱӳԤ·ȥ
뿪սĵطҶܿʹһ֮ڣʱ˹Ľ顣һͨʵĸİţڼصķΧڡҶطʺԼжܲ¶ʱǲ¶ĺʱ׼ʱ䡣
ҶεĿ굽ʲô˵һǼлЩ˰ɣŵںڰͨУЩɻʵҶôʣһЦ˵ֻǸڣǵĿĺܼǾǻΪһУǵĵ̽ɹǲܼעԸ󲿶ӡ
һǲźۼĵ˵ͷڴͬʱеĲҲǵõ˻⡣Ǹ˵Ķʹ󲿶һлԷôԷǰͬʱܵ£϶ѡһͻΧԼʮˣƻԷһֹҶô˵ǲŷһЩ
ҶнͨеʱĬȻʱһϢУһɵİеɳĮ֮ӥĬȻ˵ĵڶһϰߣûʱĬȻΪֻкʱһ𣬽翵ϵսܷ
C㣬ûйĬȻ۾ϵǹͷҲ̧ĵʵ
һվŵѪӶŸų岻ɵĲһ£һһֻħһܶʱоԷ˵ѹֵܲˡ
㻰û𣿡°ûԼĬȻһ̧ͷ˵Ǹû˵ųˣַӦôѪӶŵĸųݡĬȻﰵ뵽ɫҲЩˬ
ˡųC㲢ûйǵĻ͡ǵ˸岻ȥڽһͨߡ
ĬȻô˵üüͷʵڶ೤ʱˣ
һôʣĲˣʳ⻰ȻǵȵòͷˣǸطڸû취¡Щ˲֪ĶĴ׵սʿ¶ͷˡ
ѾСʱˡ˵ţ̲סһڿˮʱŵ˼㣬ºһˬʹԼһӵ
ĬȻһȻǶս⡣ŸսʿĲսСʱȥ˻ȥǻʲôã˷ʳֱȥү
ڸʮӵʱ䣬ҪûȥͲٻˡĻԿз͵ͷʼеɳĮ֮ӥ
⻰ɫһãһɫ߳˷䡣ſڵʱѾЩˡʱѾ¶˾ģϧһд۹ȥҪǹȥ
﷢Ҷﲢ֪ʱѾߵͨͷһȶһźبǵǰš˲ɵͣҶƺǵ
ӦýζʲôϻҾͲ˵ˡֻϣͨס˵ΪԼİȫһϣҲϣ͵ˣֻŽǲܻ߻ȥҶ˵ΪͨйЩϵıȫ
Ļ˶ǵӦµͷҲֻôһ취ˣҪȥҪĽᡣΪľӢǶɵӣҶ⻰һ㶼ûд
ǽȥɣһֱһǧҪɢҪóȻ֡Ҷﲻĵٶȶһ䣬ͨ˹ͨ
ǵλˣŴ򿪡˫һͨҶæ˵
ѵڿҵĸ˹һ⻰ܿͻظһ䡣Ҷ֮ͨ˼һͰ˿һɫİť֪Լ΢ĶǸʾСӴˣ˻ǲңЩ޴ӵ֪
һڼĿ»ߴ򿪣һ˿Ҷﲻ΢΢۾еһĴź̨ܶһĶʱвûʲô˴ڣһƬž
׼жҶ˵ʹǽ˴ҲǺܿҶ
ӦһʵԱƽ﹤ĵطҶ￴һ֪ʵټԺеͼܿȷԼλáĵطһʵܹĸҶʱھǱΪ03Ĵ
һҲûУѵЩ˶ѪӶץ˲ɣŵûһ˵Ĵһ˼˵Ҷô˵Ҳ΢΢üͷѪӶͼı治СȡһʵоɹоԱôĿĺȷӦһʵңо
ûҲãʡǱ¶ˣȷɢһ´ûʲô豸ҪǷ˾ֱӴ顣
ô˵Ƿ׷׷ɢ˿ֻҪƵƻôԷҪûԼȺ˵Ļǰȫġ
Ӻ˽ӶĻۼһ
ûзʲôҶɫЩոϸ򣬶ûżͷĴڣЩ
ôʣ˷׷׿ʼ㱨˶˵ˣҶɫӲˡĽһҲûзͷˣҶЩ뵽û뵽ǱһС鷳ܲá


255 
˵᲻ﱾûͷǶˡ룬һʵ˿϶أʲô˶УǶȷķֹһʵҿ϶ϣоɹ¶ȥܿûͷƤ˹˵֮ô룬ΪǰйƵľͬϾ뵽ܡ
Ļһ˵꣬Ҷ˾ͳ˼µȷûзʲôƤ˹Ĳ²пȷģҶ֪ԼųֿܣҲܾȫ²ǶԵġ
뿪ɣҪûͷĴڣζǻ֪ЩˡҪǲ˻׬һʣ̫ԲԼˡҶһһ߰뿪Ц˵
Ǻܿĵ˵ͷǸƻģҶﲻ˵ҲҶ˵֮ǵûоֱͬˡ
ŴеļƳɵţԺеĵͼҶжʱðһ󵨵뷨ݵĽṹֲҶ֪һʵҵĸʵǱλڶĸ䣬ǿԱפĵطϱǺڵķ֮Ӧ߾Ǹɽڵλˣµĵ˶פ
һ뷨֪ҪҪҶһ»Ǿһ¶ѵ
ʲô뷨˵ɡлٴһЦ˵ҶһӱȽ϶࣬һ㶼뵽벻顣
Ҷ֯һ˵ǰսǰĵӦİٶˣݸ˹˵ѪӶŵıңҲ˵ǻûвμսֻжˡֻʮˣȻȥİ˵ͼΪӦֱǱ룬Ҫûв´ĻǵʣµӦڵǿӰ
ҶﻺԼ뷨˵˶ǲɵõɴ۾˵ָӲ뷨ǲ̫еˣ⸽սһû˻ͨݱܷͷҪԶǲ̫Σˡ
Ҷ뷨ȷʵǺõģҾ̫ðˣǾʮˣͶԷֱײ̫Σˡŵüͷ˵ԼĿҶô˵ȴûбֳʲôֻǽɨˣƺ˵Ŀ
Ƥ˹һ˵ŵĻûƻ̫Σˣ򲻵ñôǱȥʱᱩ¶ڶԷͷ֮£ôǵȴǵĿ϶
ô˵Ƿ׷׵ͷĶӵ˵ǸҲǵͷҶһ£ֻ̽̾òƤ˹ŵ˵ĺܶԣҪα¶ˣԼЩ˾ĳͲˡ
ˣȳȥɣһһҶЦһ˵ѡһųȥ˿Ҳüͷϡ
Ҷ֮ᵽǰ뷨һЩõķǽñơһ⣬ǾСʮˣһϲε֡ҶҪֻһ˻ŰٰʮˣƻȫʵСʤմʹ򣬴򲻹ܡʤʵǿ
˳ţܿȷһǰȥڼǶǺıܿЩͷһǱĻЩȻ׾ûбεͷĵҶͲö֪ˡ
һ£ǰˡ·ǰлٴͻȻ˵˵ķӦܿ죬æ֮˿Ҷ˵ߵС
Ϊ׵һһɭȻĺˣǷŨŨɱ⡣Ҷ￴ֵϣЩĪɫ֡
ҪҪ֣лٴСʵͬʱҲǿҶ
Ҷһ£кܿ˼˵Ҹɵ࣬ǿסǸͷģŪ鱨
ô˵Ͷһ£ʲôɵ࣬һŪǶ϶ܴģ˵ЩֲǷʲô
׼ʵʱ򣬾ͷâҶ˲ĸֻ࣬һ£ͻĵ˵ϡ
춯֣Ҷһ˷Ӧ˹
һ߸·һŸոĬȻԱ飬ľˣû뵽ոͻȻʲôԼǰûӦͬʱƺһʱͿһȺ󺺷ĳ˹
ʲôЩҪʲô
ɸʣǻյߣûϾͱһֱ˶ȭͷһܽӴ
飡һƵײȻֻԼԺɫʧȥ֪
ģһͷӲлٴһ䣬̲ס˦˦ЩЩȭͷոҶһӦΪһȵ֣漸һֻɵվɵۡ
ôˣҶǰһˬ˵ⶼʲôˣסˣ˼Ҵʲôιȥһô˵ŻҶͶϰγոõԼֽ£͵ϮģǾҪ̫Զòˡ
˿Ķ̲סһֶһӾҪҪܵŹ֡ÿ˶ԼܡҲûʵ˼ֻû
㲻˵ҿֱЧĿưлٴƲƲ˵˵Ŀ𣬻ʲôȴθÿġ
żһһӣҶֺЦһ´ҲûʲôʡһѪӶŵע⡣ŰɣҸطҶﵭ˵ͿʼΧûʲôС֮ˣʱͷһšһ˹ȥ˿æֻһ鴤лٴ
ⶼʲôˣ缰ʱ֣ϿסˣǲҾˣҵ๤ϻбӵǻǲǶˡ
лٴһ˿ûдֵ˼иߣǽµ˾ͳһڶԷϣٳɲˬİһ䡣ץԷһֻ첲ֱǰȥôһһʬһ
ĦҶЩɻתͷȥһĻʱ϶ʱܶһҲǸɶ˰ɡҶһʱҲʵлٴܾ̫ˡ
˿һĻʱЦ˳ڱҶһ֮󣬲Ž˶ӣЩǺǱ¶е뷨
濴ȥҶ﷢ĿռСûеƹ⣬뵽һСݣطٺʲˡ
ǽڿһ£Ҷܿҵ˵ƹĿأ򿪵Ժ󣬷ʱӦûһ䣬̾һҳҶĵ˵ͷطʺϸɵ˵顣
лٴһȥ˳ֹڽеϵм̲סһšһôһ¾ιȥˡ
ŵϻԵˣҶɫҲûֵ˼һгһ£Ҷｫ˺üϵĵطҶ֪ѨԵ˻оԺһʹϸЩˡʱΪú߾ѹҲЩˣ˵һûֵԺҲҪģںʲôϸ
ҶСӲǸҽɣлٴֶΣЩʵ
ҶԵһЦ˵βȴǻһ㣬ҲǸҽҶԼΪܱ֮ΪҽһʥְҵְҵɳˡԼոտ˵Լҽȴǲʡ
ҿǸ򡣡޾鴤һ˵
ԣǰ˵ͷ


256 
ʣҶЩĿ޾һֻۣˣôͳˡ˵һΪ˵İţôĺ
˵䣬ҶϣԹȥ˺ܿˡһ۾ͿΧԼˣɫ̱Ȼлη塣ɾԼĵϣݺߵûʲô⣬ֻԵĴСܡɷļһˣĽԼСܣûŪʲôʱ򣬱һһȭˡ
ʲôˣΪʲôҪ֣׻˵콭Ķ˵䳡滰˳ԱˣҪ˵˭˭˭ҵһȻɾǴеٮٮߣһھ֮ʮʵɸ˵Щˣ뵽ԼĴԼ׳աɽˣԲ⡣
һ⻰ʱЦһƺûɣ»ֵôѵǸ׳ա
ϻͱ˵ˣҪҲˣӦ֪ġҶƲƲ죬һм˵
һ˶ЩˣƽʱӶˣڱԴʱЩˬˡ뵽ԼڵĴɵЩˡ
ݣʲôҶ˵˵Ķźߵ˵ѵʱ϶ֲı仯ҶŶԷжϳûʵĴ𻰡
һ£ܿͱܿ˵ѪӶŵһСӳҽɡ
ҶЦһֱӺ˺仰ӣôҲó㱾˫ӵĵתͣ
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лٴԣ϶ʱ˷֮ɫܿ͸о⻰ôЩ԰ôелٴҧһȫǷŹҧ˵Ľడ
ҪҪΰлٴɫЩڣʵ
ҶһϾһ鴤һ⻰Ǻƺ뵽ǰ顣ǿĳ嶯Ҷݺݵĵлٴһۣ˼ô˵Сڶһ䣬ҾѾġ
лٴҶ񣬼æϷŪ̬һϣǶˮһ㣬顣
СӲʵҲѾġлٴһºһߺݺݵ˵һһֵĿһǶ𰡣ֺݾˣҪˡ
ͣͣͣ˵ѪӶŵĸųɺܵȥԼҪ̬߶ˣźúǰԭѡʦ
лٴδͣһˬɵЩϷʵĵ˾ǼűŰ˵ûˣƫƫҪ˷
Ҷɫһڣܿװ˼֪ԼҪǲֹлٴһ϶ͣˡлٴһҶڨڨЦЦվǲ񣬻̲סһ¡
ѪӶŵĸųεץ˰Ҷϲ뵽Ϳôܻȡõ鱨˼һҶٶȿʵĿģϻҾͲ˵ˣͱ򡭡Ҷ˵ֵʱϳ˸ŵ㺮â
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Ƭ̺סˡⲻǸ˭ѪӶźǵһҶôԼôù˺ߵϡ
࡭뵽ҶݣһҶɢˡΪѪӶŵĸųĬȻһֱԸرչ˵ôܲϤ
ѵӪѧԱĬȻһǵڶֱҵѧԺҵ֮Ӷţ湦ǱӶ˳ƺΪͬʱɭΪӶ档ĬȻѡͬǰһһֱǰĵԼСӶ˵ĬȻһۣôһӢۡȻӢʧˣʧӰ١һȳѪӶŵжд̣ĬȻЩʳѰ
һôѵģ뵽̲סٶһڿˮ
㻰أ㲻ŪҰɡЩ˼ʱҶĻٶеĺ⣬ʹΧĶѶԵĸоˡ
Ҹô죿Щħˣ֪ѡ񡣾ʵζԼҪĬȻѪӶţ³ˡѵҲ˵ҲˣһȻƲ磬ҪԼӲˣ϶ᱻһԼӲͷˡ
п־˼ͻȻ뵽ǰĬȻһ仰ٸСʱʱ䣬ҪûȥͲٻˡ֪ĬȻΪˣԳУֶθǲ̲ѡ
ģȹ˵ɡ뵽ɸоԼ˶С˵ȥĵطǽġ
⻰ҶﵭĿһһۣ漴˼ͨ仰ҶõһЩõϢһĿǰѪӶŲûйҶ˵ǺϢϣҪôʱͱˣ˿϶ǺܴĴѪӶŵָӲ϶ǰԼ²ĵطôĬȻ
뵽ĬȻ֣Ҷеɱ־ħһ㣬ʱͷ֡Ҷ֪ҪԼ״̬нѳΨһķʽǸɵĬȻܼɵĻȥԼСӡ
˵ģĬȻȥǽģûѡҶеͻȻŷɱ⣬ΪһﲻԼ˵ĻԼɱģæż˵
Ҷһ˵ĬȻλãϣ˵滰
һϾǲҰһƬ¶ĬȻλãǺʲô֪ԼҪˣôֻҪĬȻֻ֪ĺҡǲ˵ǰλҲǸɱ񰡣ȫܿ϶ֻҪԼûüֵһᱻһ˳ָɵҪǲ˵ôļֱֵûˡ
Ҫ˵ܷܲŹң֮䣬ɷЩӲ˵ŻͬʱֱӶǶڶīɫӡ
ģ㻹ҽӲŪ㡣޾һӲʱˬһŲɵؿڴȻ󷴸šŽšͬʱһɷףؿڴĵʹ־ĸо
޾ĳ֣ҶﲢûֹϷʵĿɡһ˵ųӦòɵҲ˽ҵΪˣַϻͲҪˡ
޾幥Ҷ仰ɵľˣ仰̡ŸоҶǰûκ̸еʸ˶ǳĬ
һеͷ׷Ѿ˱ĬȻ³ĸôܱסԼԼʲôһԼ
Ҷô˼Ժ뵽Լ룬ͨľ飬֪ԼֻҪܰסᣬпܱס
ףҶЩĿһѵ֪ʲôбסԼɣҶﲢɻһΪʲô֪Լ֣ΪѪӶŶɱԼΪųɣ֪Լֺ
˵˵Ҷüͷ˵ҶֻǸп޵СϺףҪһ㹻ԼĶĶôҴӦʲôСֻҪȡ鱨ڻԼˡҶӲԼǸӣϲһСˣжĥɱ¿βκθ


257 ħ
Ҷʱȷʵ˼ôԼơĬȻǸԸ̫µļһֻ֪߸ϵķѾѪֶΪԼĲȡ档ѪӶŹռһʵ֮ΪųһֱǱڵһߣɿյԴһʵҵļػ档
ӦĬȻ֣ҿԺܿ϶˵ʮˣǰĻᶼûСҪ֪Ŀǰһʵҵļس˻ûռݵĵطǶֻҪ˾һᱩ¶֮£ܳɹ
֮ͨ˵ҲһЩʱѾûеʲô뷨ֻ뱣סԼͬʱѾʼźúúЩ˺ҪĬȻһΣܻѪӶţΪһų
ȻɵĻЩԼ˼Ҷһ˵Ķʵٱ¶£ԼʮСʱٱΧߵΣգⲻҪĽ֡
Ҫ˵ʲôҶЩ䣬һ˵ô࣬ҪòʲôõĶԼǰˡ
ɵһЦҶķӦ֪ѾʼԼĻȤˣʤȯյĸоеҲ
Ҫ˵ҾǸ飬еսԱȥģֻҪͨ϶ܳɣҪľǱסԼ
Ҷ۾ЩҪ˵ģôεжϣҳɹĿԺܴ
Լôһأ
ҶЩò˵Ҫ˫ĻҶԼž޴ȻһһһתͷͰԼôԼǱԷݺݵˣһ𣬶ΪصԼСҲпȫû
ҲòջҺȤҲ㣬ҲܰԼ˽ϡҶ䵭˵ЩƵĿɡ
û뵽Ҷô˵治ҶǸϺꡣ˵Ҷее˼ΪӪȫû©ꡣ
Ҫǲó⣬ܱǸֻܽԼ̸Ҷ䵭˵ὫȷԼСӴ֮֡䣬лٴʹ˸ɫ˼ԣúָɵɡ
ɿɫȹϵһ㡣ʱзٵԼôҶԼûΪԼȡ뷨·ƵļһɲòԼˣһͿءΨһ뷨ǱסΪѪӶŵĸųĬȻǰҪһֱú󣬽ǮԼȨЩ˶ȤĶһȱʧȥûܹ
ӦôأԽԽлٴиӵļˣǰ̲סЩϸǲҰ亹˳ͣĵڵϡоѹָУָоƺʱѹ࣬Ȫ
ʱȻ뵽һ̫뵽Լ¶ʱһ߾ңըò״ĺи㵽ˣҪԼµϣԼŪû뵽ȷʵҪԼϡ
ʱлٴѾǹڶ׼ûʱ䱯
ɵȵȡ仰ͬʱлٴָѾ˰ϣɵĻԺĽڰϵָŲȥͬʱһѯ˿Ҷ
һͷ˵ˣо˼ҶЦһ˵㻹ʲôҪҶ˵û˿ȤҪĴôܱǸ
һ˿ҡҡ¶ͳǿſңصĸ߾ըݵҶǰ
ʲôҶ￴еңһֻҩƬСƤƶЩʵѵһΪôһĪĶԼɱͷǲ̫Цһ㡣
ʱңظ߾ըҴĺи㵽ֵģֻһƱˣ˵ԼɿЦ˵˵仰˶Ĭ
˼㣿ҶЩʵû뵽һôɴֱ࣬óֶⶫǼٵİɣһ᲻ںŪԼ
ɳĬĵ˵ͷѡǽԼҶ˵ԺǺ߿ܣҶҪʲôͱʲôڱţֻҪͰѲֿơ
ȷûøŪңҶﲻĵٴ׷ʵ¹СòԴ
˵ģȷǺͨŵĶʱŵ򵭵Ŀڣֶٴοܿȷָ߾ܵĿɿըֻҪͲ١Ϊƻըװãͼƻʱͻֱӱըߣըͼ֮󣬾ͻӦ֮£ⶫһ壬޷ȡһе֡ħ䡣
ŵô˵ҶŷŵǴ϶ԼʲôȻô˵˿϶Űա
Ȼг⣬̸̸ĺ顣˵ŻҶ¶һĨº鿴ɵȴôζͬʱҲĸܵҶ޳ܡߣҶݹġҩƬϾǳ鴤
˲¹ͷļһ
аһ䣬ɺ˺Ľӹԥȥ
Ҷ￴ϵЦݸ˫Щƻĺ״һθоͷһڿԼôͿԺúõԴȡȡĬȻĹΪԼֵܱ
Ҫôһ˵ҩƬζֻҪҪҶϾҶֻҪİеңذťҪ
Ҷ仰ûмʱش𣬶зڵ˾ѪӶŵĽսҪǸͨҶԼҪˣҪںֳĶôʲôأǿ϶ģǾ취γĬȻŶָϵͳ̱ʣµ˾Ͳս԰ܡ
˵һĬȻλðɣߵҪϸ鱨Ҷﵭ˵ԼĿûҪֻнԴ󻯵òܸõĴ档
һ΢΢һ̾ȻˣһǱĬȻȥġ̾̾ȴڴҶܳɹֻҪĬȻˣôѪӶŵȫԳɹλȡĬȻڵλá
ܹٶ˿ԲμսںǽսﵽİٶˣʮͨʿʮǷùǿҩĸսʿԱʱ֮õĻʣ¶ʮսʿʮ̬ͨսʿŶˣЩ˶ĬȻΧĬȻAԭһʵķ䡣
һ½ıԼλ˵˳Ҷ˵ͷ˳˼


258 ķ
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뵽ԭüͷ΢΢ҪԸʮսʿԼٶͨʿѹ϶ǺܴҶԼ뾡жˣΪ߻һѹ
ûа취ЩҶ뵽ʲôͻȻʵ
һ£¶һ˿Ц˵ЩͨսʿȨǲǸսʿֻĬȻһƿأû취
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ڴȥңȰѼҿ˴㣬ҶܿͶԽжȷĿǡ׻˵һڳԲӣҶ֪Ҫ벻⣬Լ벽ΪӪһһڲʳ֣һʹӼְɡֻҪطԼôĬȻͳû۾ϹӡԼƤҲ
һ£ЩĿҶһۣΪ߻ֱԼٸˣȻĬȻ֡ڿҶﲢûбջͷԣѡһһ
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ھʹȥɱûƴǣܿʹӦĴ¾뿪Сݣżڵĵطȥ
ͬʱ˾ѪӶŵĽսҲǵ˰Ȼĳ̶ȣʱ˫ʧء˾ڸٶ֮ڽѪӶŵͨʿһڣʱȴŽʮսʿبǵǰ
ʣµһʮˣǸ˹÷أ϶Щءʱ˵ĴǸ˹ˣҲʧ˶ʮаԸʿԼӡսĲпһֵ쾫¡
÷أЩ̫ǿˣǸû취ɵǡ˹ǽʮսʿЩȻȶԷܶ࣬ǶԸͭƤǵļһûһ˿ʤĿܡ
ڸոյսУŵĴ׵ѾǱĵʣ޼Ϊսʿɫ֮ͨʿû˿Ժܶഩ׵ǰװ˷ͨʿϡڵĹЩ׽⡣
ǵ취ȥУǻʧܵġ÷ˮЩ˵
ⲻǷϻҪа취ܽôʱ䡣ӸǱ̬ͨӵϾͲˣû˿á
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ûʲô취ƽʱа취ˣ롣÷ֱӿʵ
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ô˵÷һ˿ʧȻ۵˾ûа취ЩԴսʼ󣬻ĶѾĸڳսĻĶԱֻʣ˾ŸԼʮ
Щһ׺ʹ׵Ʋ˷Ǵ׵Ѿûмˣ׸һʣ
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ۣܿе˴㡣֮˵ΪǱըЩըɵƬڸսʿϣƺҲûá
ضҲбըأ첻ɵ뵽һֶһֱȷ涨ֹʹõַãʱҪ˵Ը๲ͬĵˣҲûʲô
÷أ뵽һ֪ܲС֯һԣ÷˵
÷˶һﾹȻİ취̫ˡ
ʱ˹͸Ҳע⵽Ļ׷׿졣
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ʲôķ÷ΪԼˣôͻȻᵽֶⲻҲӵѵ⹦òɡЩΥֱѡӡ
λӦ֪ķԭͨӵֻҪͣĴĥͷλãܱɴķɣֻþ޴ݡǲҪˣǴʹǿֲıըķڷ谭֮ͻըͨʿܵ˺ڵٻֱӱըĩûһ˿ĿܣҲǹΪʲôֹķԭ򡣡˵ɨˣʱҲƺ˵ʲô
˼ǲôķЩ̬ƤըȻþǵڣ÷һ뵽һеķæʵ
΢΢һЦ˵ͷôģԴķƿӲļȻֱþǵ
ǻʲôھͿʼŪһ̫ˣһ뵽ܽǣҾЩˡĦ˹˷ܵ˵óһӵĥ˰п취뵽ˣʲôĥûɰֽô졣
Ħ˹ʲôȥ쿴һ﷢㶣ʱɻĴߴٵ
Ħ˹Цһ̯̯˫˵ûɰֽôĥҪ֪ⱾҪĥܳʱ䣬ûɰֽ϶а
ô˵ʱЩˡܲܶӣΧôֲڵˮǽѵɰֽ뵽һָָԱߵǽڣĦ˹һۿȥܿ¶εı顣
˶һЦҲûŴ㣬Ƿ׷׳ǽȥ׻˵˶߰˸һܱһ˿ɡ
ǽһĻֻȺָǶſǽϣϵæš
ӳ㿴Ƕôˣһӣ᲻ǾʧˣһĶԱսĿյſǽϵˣʱɻĳٳʵ
ٳɵһһۣⶼʲôˣô˾ˡûп̹ҲСӾͲʱƤǲһʱûѵ˰ˡ
ĶԱٳɵһۣæתͷսٳٶȿſǽϵˣ¶һ˿˼
ķ𣿡ٳ΢΢Щ˷ķĴô֪ܲٳѾʼڴַʽЧˡҪܾζս⡣
Ϊʲô˵ζأǻ˵Լ˴ۣԼҪСΣӵܺ


259 ķ
ܿ˾ĥƳ˴ķȻһַֹֹΪְҵˣַʽôܲսȻֶǽֶάƽϣûһ︺涨ģȴǻģżûʲô˵ġ
Ūû÷ϸеӵӦòˣ̧ͷˣôʣ׷׵˵ͷһĻ÷صһЦͽƵĴķװ˲ǹС
ȻŪˣǾɡ÷˵Żһ˷ܳżսĵطȥ໥һ͸Ͻϡ
еʱȻʿæóһЩλʵϸոѾЩòʲô涼һЩ²⣬ǻżעЩ˵Ķ
⽨ģɡȻ÷رһ飬뵽ģԼҪ̫ˣһͷɡ
ԣһЦҲûоܾʵҲʲô뷨õû˶ļֵں
ķװУһ˿֣֪ⳡսܲʤͿԼһǹˣҪЧôһԽǰʮսʿȫҪûЧôԼȺ˺пԶ
Ըܳɹɣ
ĬĬһʳָķڰ֮ϣǹ֮ĺһȻȻĿ۶˰
žƽӵû΢΢˿ΪͷλõĽĥ˺ܱĳ̶ȣԴķһܴı׶ˣǾըŵΣաĳʱ۾ĶԼĿꡣǿŽɫӵҲڼ䲻ݷ֮ʻ˺ߵš
أһڽɫӵʱȻ˽ͫ£ը˿ģĿķǶ߰ӵȵʱըڴͬʱһʹ˻
ˡ
˿ŨŨϲ˿һĻҲǷġµжǿ󣬾ǿԼڴķһǸǰЩעһ˷ܼ
ǸսʿűըһƬѪ֮ɫ첢ûţѸóǹƬѪ֮ɫ˾ڱƿӲƤ֮󣬸սʿûֱֻһ״̬ǵһǾڵʱ˿ʼֹƬ̺ɫŤĵ˵ϡ䵭ĿһĻޱĿˡ
ôķһ֣ǶǺܸˣܿЩ˾ͿʼķöûըšǶӵĹϤܺܺõİסһٽҲǱըŵĲҾ緢
÷أǿһЩЩͳͳɵһ£÷΢΢һЦܿ͵˵ͷʵϾ첻˵Ҳô
뷨Ǻõģѡ˷Щ鷳ˣ˾ḻļˣԱһŪҪһըе鷳ˡ
÷üͷ֪ܿʲôˡ˵ķöԱȥЩģ˾ֻʣһٶˣҪΪķԭʧ˾ͲԸ⿴ˡڵĵ˹Ȼֻʣʮң첻֪ԷŶǱŵ
Ǽרĥưɣһ㡣֮˵˳˼ĥһŴķԼҪӣֻˣҲ˵ûҪʮšһСʱʱ䣬ʱڼʿ϶Ҫܴܵʧģ
һþͽãܽ󻯵ѹסֻҪʮӾܽȺ˶ˣȻһЩԱʱ֮衣÷һа취һܿ͵˵ͷǵΨһ뵽İ취ˣֻḶصĴۡ
¼˾ٶȿʼĥƴķʱҶĶɵĴѾ˼ҡ
ǶȥδҵҪɴ߽ȥڶżƵˣ䵭˵ôԼ뷨ġ֪ԼҪǲЩˣԼɱ϶ֱӶֽǵһսѪӶŹǻˣԼҪĬȻ֮ѪӶţòԼµ
Ҷ￴һôУȻ֪ʲôֻһû˵ʲô
ҶķӦʱ˳ȥˣæ˸һӷҶǰҶһҲֱһƨȥ
ι˵СǲƤˣֻӣվţɷ̺Ҷ֮ʹվﲻˣлٴʱˬ˵ⶼʲôˣһɫûСȷʵûдѵЩ˾ôģôǲ̫ǵˡ
ϵҶһ⻰¶һ˿ˬıǼ˸Ȼ˸ۣһܰ׳յĿлٴ
лٴԴҲԤϵҶﾹȻôһǰ֮˶ˡô£Ҳ̫Ǹɶ˰ɣǾʹôŲɣ
лٴתͷˣƺʱѣͬԿҶǵ֮ɫʱЩŤ
ֱʱŷ֣ЩһѾΪˣûӵҲ˰칫֮ĵطһĻлٴоԼʱһֻڱڶ̫Ҫˣ̫ҪˡлٴоԼ²˳ÿһζԼԿǰɾһαˡ
лٴһҾóλø㡣޾ϣѵľһ˵ҵˡлٴԱʱʼĵϷ
ӡлٴɫһֱǺ޺޵ĳ޾һָһĻżʼ̿Ҷ￴Ҫʼˣͷ̲סЩ亹֡ⶼʲôˣʲôʱ˻ôڡ
ˣ˵°ɡҶﵭĿֹס˵Цͬʱʵûа취֪ǰս˽һ¡
Ҷ֮ôһ˵ΪЩǰսѪӵиսʿԼƵ£˿϶Ҫž޴ѹҶĵĲǺ޵
Ҳ̫Ҫ֪սȥɿЦһ˵
ҶüͷȥȻǲԼĳԣΨһŵľôɵĬȻ飬ҷһ߰ɡ
ԸܼɣĬĬ̾˿Ҷܿ˼ʼôԸĬȻԷԼͬΪֱҵѧԱں߻ڶսʿı֮£ҶＴʹԴҲΪɱĬȻǼ¡
취Щͨʿ߰ɣ˵֮ҶֻѡһһˡεĶֺѶԸóʮֵĽ
Ҷô˵СҲغĴ£ֻҪɵͲ⡣Ҷô˵һʱҲ˳˼ܵЩ˲٣ҪһʵɡҪ߾͵ߣôͰĬȻ̫ɵˡǸһʲô鶼ģ֪ĬȻкһ㣬ʲô鶼Ӳ


260 
ôʲôѲɣҶ￴ɵɫʱЩˬĳʵҪ֪һǰĵ˵ܸ㶨ģǼ˼ѵǰΪ˱ƭԼģ
ûûɿЦһæ˵Ц˵Щȷʵ£ҪЩŪ߾ͱ뾭ĬȻ׼ˣȻ֮п϶˿ġ
Ҷһ⻰һ˿˼һӦû˵ٻʲô˵ĬȻأҶһʱҲû⣬ȷѪĻɼ϶ǸܽˡҶûԼҲͬԼɳȥ
ûа취ǴĬȻڵĵطҶ￪ʵȻܰ˵ߣôֱȥ֪ĸɵĬȻһ˰ˡ
û뵽ҶͻȻôʣһЩӦϸϸζ仰ʱϲЩ亹ˡִ󵨵뷨Уֻǲ̫ˡ
̫ðˣҪûɵĬȻӳȥ˰żǵĴͻΣաŵüͷ˵֮ѡĬȻΪԼ·ֱӶԴBOSS֣һ߻СȫйԼʮ˲ñΧŹ
Ҷô˵ͷϵüͷĸӽˣòϣŵ˵һ㶼û֪ĬȻͬʵ
ʱҲǿ˵ҵܰǴȥ˵û̫ΣˣܻܿὫġ
Ҷô˵һãʱҲڳ˼šһҪ˵һǧѷĻᣬԼʮˣɲĬȻһ
˵˵Լ뷨ɡ
Ҷﻰ䣬޾Ϳ˵Ҿ²ȫûϣʮˣĬȻҲɶ򲻹ǡҪһ·ˣֱӳˣѵɵվСܣ
޾ĻҶ۾һǰù׬ˣ򲻹·ˣһʵôѵĬȻܰԼΧɣ
ŵϸһǲôҪǳֱ·˾͵ûҪܸɵǸһǲЩνΣᱻҲˡҶ￪Ȼһŵջŵô˵ҲһЩ⶯ʱҲƺЩȤҶķջ£˶ͬƻ
ɿЩˣ¶һ˿ˡոջᶨĲУһת۵ĹôͬˡˣѾ˵ʲôˣҪ֪ԼҶҪĲôľԼ
εñ¶˰пһ䣬ЩҪǴɱƻʧˣЩ·ʣԼĳ˹¼ҹˣʱѲ۾˾˲ģҪĬȻı֪Լʲô³ˡ
Ȼˣ²˳٣ھʹȥҶ￴һ۵˵
һ˶ˣæ˵ǲǴôȥɣ
ҶһЩɻĿһһۣȥȥѵ㱳ȥ
ʲô˼ֱ˵ĨǵġҶһĿ˵
ɲ˰ϵ亹ЩָָҶ˵·Ҷʱ˹ϲЩǺϵװ̫ˡҪǴ·洳Ÿ߱ǵˣǶҰɡ
㻹ϿЩ·ҶûĶ﷢˵ⶼʲôˣСţ㻹ô𣿻Ǳô£Ǳѵ֪Ҫ·XXģҪѾãϵˡ
̱˱ӣҶʱֹĻ˳ȥʱһˡлٴһɫʱôЩ·£òǸմϰİɡ
лٴɫڣǳ˳һ޹˵ҸոŪЩ£·Ǵϰġûб·ԽŴɡ
ô˵϶һ亹ĵһ˵Ҳ̫˰ɣΪ˼·Ū£Ҳ̫Ǹɶ˰ɣ뵽·Դ˶Щ﷢ëĸоһ뵽¸մʬϰģϾҪԼˣôֵֹֹĸо
ҶһóһԼȥûһ㲻ʵģ·˲ŷ˶һŹֵĿԼҶʱЩˡ
ǴԸǴ𣬻컻·Ҷһˬ˵ˮƽأ뵱˶ﶼع죬·ô
˶һԸĻ·֮ɵĴ£һ˾ͳĬȻڵĵطȥһ·֮ҶЩƽϾܼˣƽõĽЩ
ҶﲻòϣĬȻıԼһڵӶţ޴ȥҼӵɱԼֳֵ֮ܺ£Ҷ֪ɱĬȻԶû취ԼİõĻš
ĳĽᣬǺԼģĬȻ
ҶǰĬȻλõʱǰ˾ѪӶŵĽսҲѪӶһսʿĵ£׽ˡⳡսУѪӶܹͶİٶʮˣаʮͨʿԼʮսʿЩ˱һȫڴˣһȻʤˣǵʤɣҲǸ˲صĴۡ
ս֮ϸ˹ˣһŽİˣǽ֮ڳվŵҲʣ˲һˣһŽˡ
쿴ʣµԱɫЩ˶ʮμֻʣһ롣Ҷ˴ʱ֪ܺòŹ֡ûгɣѪӶһٶˣԼܶԸ
ɨʣµˣﲻЩμʿʮֻʣʮ˲ⳡսǵʧνأһĶԱԶ
ǽô죿÷ɫЩ԰ף촽µ˵Ϊָӹ٣ʧһܲζ߹ӴʱֻʣжȻҪȥܽһʵȫҲҪ취طԶڴ֮¡һսǳԵ˸սʿĿ£Ҫǿҩֲ֯ô֮Ŀֲѽͨ˵ǰ
˼֮󣬷ŵ˵ѪӶžһսӦû˶ҾýǱܲμսѾһˣʮԱͰڰȫĵطһսȨԼУٱѪӶǣűˡ
ô˵÷˼ĵ˵ͷڴͬʱ˹ںߵ˵ͷ֮¶˾ġ
ҪսͱжǵԱ̫ãǱõʱơ÷ص˵һܿͳ˵ȥ;·˵ߣЩҼվŵԱ÷۾ͻȻЩɬЩ˶ͨͨʿЩعͨˣȻȴҪΪԼΪѲһ˿
ʿǣһ´սָǻҪҪȥɣ˵սҪԻվŵǱ뿸صĵҲһսǻˣǵʹҲ
÷ػ˵һͣסˣ˵Ǿ仰ȻֵֽĿԸ󡣵Ȼͣȴʲô˵ڶݵ֮󣬺ܿͱüᶨͬΪӣΪ˸Ϊ˷ƬһѪҺҲųҲͬ


261 Χ׷½
ʣİʮԲսԱ÷ص£һʵҸĵطͦͨʾհĿ궨ѪӶʣԱеĵط
ڵûʮĺ֮˲ǲûͨѶ豸ϵҶǵʱȴ˹֪ͨѶ豸ֻܵϵϵԼԼû취ϵǵġ
ѵǾôˣʮѹʮ֮ĶԱԼܳĵӡҲԸ֣滹Žҵ֪ôʱҶûϵп˲⡣
żͬʱҶȴΣɵĴ£Ǻ˳ĵԤλãѹأͨҵǣоյͨǵǵĬȻķſڵʱĬȻɲɵĴ˳
һʱ䶼ĬȻΪȴûϢ׼˵ġԼǰһ֮󣬶ɺȻеʱ˶һ¡
ɣôڲĬȻܵΪֻǸиոջһƵʵ
һ֪ôӦˡҪ֪ﱾͶĬȻкܴӰй֮ƽʱŲá
ӰһĻ˫֮īɫͫ͵һ֪ɵķӦô󣬿϶Ҫˡ׻˵ΪǿҶＱæһ֣ʹָɳââдϸ΢ɼķƬ̺͵ĬȻǰ
ĬȻʱҲ˹ӭĹûпǾԵһԼǰһû壬һ鴤һʺѪҺӿڽȻĲˡĬȻӵϵʬ壬һƵĿҶ
ҵʱ˭ôأԭǴҲˣֱͻȻϮĬȻûһ˿ţһмĶҶﳰ
Ҷ￴ԼĹɫҲʹܵĬȻĳҲûз༥Ǻ;ŸԱɿȥͬʱʮ˶ǳĬȻ
ҵǹһ̱Ѿɵˣ˶̱ڵϣԱȥΪѪӶŵĸųụ̂ʧȥĵĬȻһֻǵĿһۣ͸оĿ־壬ҲҶ˵Ļ
ܼӵʱĬȻüͷȷʵվûжƺЩӵﲻһ㡣ʱһԵһһһĬȻǰӵϣְһųһĵ˵ϡ
սʿɫһڣ涼ǰҶ￴һĻɫʱҪγˮһ
ȳ棬ҪǰΧˣܱӵֱӷŵ£˶ûлӵĻᣬҶܿһǵľ
Ҷô˵Ҳû顣ΪѾʼкˣӦ㻹ɸӣ
ڵһսǵʱ򣬷׷ԾȥЩХӵҲǴǽϡĬȻܵˣ¶һ˿мʹ˲׷˳ȥ֪ոյĶ϶ע⡣ҪǲЩһܲˡ
Ҷʮ˳ʱ·ܣܿǾͷǰܹĵˣһ֮Ƿ׷׿۶ܿոճֵʮ˶˵ϡ
˵£Ҷ˿ʾһ¾ͽܡЩʬʱɵĿһۣɵüͷ
Щ˶ͨʿûиսʿĴڣոԼ˻ӵΪ˷ֹսʿ֣ڿǰװ˷˴׵
·£ͨӵô׵Ǵ׵Ҷ䣬һǹһţͨսʿʱ򣬴׵ͲҪˡҶ˵Ż֮ôţΪֻ֪вһٿŴ׵ͻǹӵģÿʮŴ׵Ҫ´ˣĸսʿ鷳ˡ
ô˵ܿ˹໥һۣ˽еͨӵһĻҶ΢΢ЩοЩ˲Ǿʱ׼ȷִû˿ҡȻǵľʶܸߡ
һ·ĬȻҲһ·׷ʮӺҶ˳һߣʱѾۼеͨʿǺڶǹҲָſҶˡʹһæ˻˹սǡ
Ҷô죬Ӷأǡлٴһǵʵǰǰлǣ˵֮ΪҲΪ
Ҷﲢûע⵽лٴ˵ʲôʱٵɨΧĻͼҳһ·ȻԸΥΧһУջʧˡ
£ν·ţѵԼĬȻǸУҶЩʵ뵽еĹâҲ˸
֮أֻƻˡҶĬĬ뵽ͬһż޾޾΢΢һ漴˹
ĸսˣĬȻǱȫΧס˻ӡҶһ뵽ʲôԼϵƴ׵ݸŵ
޾Ҳǣòˡ˰ͨӵңֱô׵Ҷô˵ȻЩɻҲûʲô˺ܿͽӵֹж
ȥҶﵭһЦɫٶȱʱӱó˾ѻǹǹΪԷ⣬û뵽ˡ
ȵһ£ҰǻǹָɵҶﵭ˵һ޾ӦֱԾ˳ȥ˻ڿеʱ򣬾׼۶˰
顭һӵǹкХ׼ȷĻ˶Էػǹ֡Ҷһ֮Ҳ䵽˵棬ڵ˳һһĹսǡʱһʮ͵ĽṹȻҶҲô
ողؽսǵʱ򣬶ӵǺХҶﲻмһЦ޾˸ơ
޾ƣɫһͱͻбһڶԷǹ£Էĵŵ㶼ҶһĹսǣûΣա
޾ޱĿ۶ͻǷŭĻһ˲ǰк
֮޾æ˻ȥʱѾһУ˵ӵҲǳҶ￴һĻһ˿ͣܿ޾һ㣬ͨڣһӵһǳɣ֮˻ȥ
ֽ湥սڵƻ򵥵һӦãıܣ˳ǰʱ˵ıܷӦʱųֵ˿ǹʱǻʱԵĺطҶ޾ʱ㡣
ڸԴһӵ֮ǾͶĬûѡٶȹֲɵӣԼǣűߣսֻӦһΣڽеڶξͺΣˡ
ڴͬʱҲǺĬȻ˽˻ΪõĶƴ׵ĬȻһһʱ䱻ѹȵĲ¶ͷֻܲڹսǺ棬ȴʱ
Ҷǽô졣޾ϵĺСʵҶôʣҲǳ˼Žİ취ΪƣƻﲢܺܺõӦãЩΪ


262 еѡ
ûҶһʵ޾εҡҡͷÿ䱸ףˡҶ￴ҲЩʧ̾˿
֪õʱӦʡŵˣҶεĸ̾˴ֻ£ҪͻƳȥڽɱ꣬ǲܵġҶ뵽Ψһ취ˣϧûп
ʱҶ￴ԱһľƬ۾ȻһҶϸһ£һƽ澵Ƭиϲѡ
ҶСӵ˻йվӰ޾ľɵЦϴϷʵ˵ⶼʲôˣۿСˣ˵ϳ˵㳤ҲұȻǲôһ㣬Ҷûʲô
޾˵Ҷĸ˺һۡȱľҰҰܸɺܶ£Щͨʿһһ龵ӵĳǽ⡣
᲻ᱨλãҶ֣صʵʱͺϵʱٶӵսҲҶļǵãһ˱˰ΧһСɽº棬ʱĺͨϵһƵķҶıλãҶԼͨλãäֶλɱ˺ܶ˴Ӷӳ졣
Ҷʣ޾ƺҲ˵ʲôܿŵĵ˵ͷλֻһͨ׵˵õǾѻֵĸ֡ڴսУûиѻ߶䱸һ֣˸۲٣룬ȵӰء
޾ͷҶ¶һ˿΢ЦһĶ֣һĶѣ޾⣬˵ǸϢ
šҶｫеƽ澵ֱ׸޾ھͿ޾ıˣҪ׼ȷıطԷλãԼäһЩˡ
޾ӹƽ澵̽ԵĽսǣܿ˻ȥ
ôҶ￴Ķŵʵ޾Цһ˵̫ҶӷλǱģ㱨Ҳûá
Ҷôһ˵˻Է˳ֵȵһˣ˫λúܽӦܵĬȻָʾûбƽֻǷסԼ˵·ʱͺѱλˣҶ֪ҲԼһǹŪһҲпʲô򲻵ԼզôڵҩȴǺܳ㣬޾ٶ෢ӵЩӵǶеĵҩˣӻ
ʱҶ﷢޾ЩЦ⣬߾½ƽ澵ϳ롣
ʲôҶһ˵ʵǸɶ㲻ãҲܰѳϰɣ˼û㡣˵Һò׷ֵģҪйҲӦ
޾һЦһһҶ˳ֽס޾һҪʲôôоصġ
ʱ޾СߵǽǰǿƽǽţٶȻصԭλãóͻšʱҶҲǷһͼҲǻȻҶﲻԼ
̫̣ûλãѵԼΪԼ۲죿޾ͨƽѵ˺ԼλñôԼ۲첻ˣװƵİ졣
ʱ޾Ȼ䳯ǹܣͿ۶˰
žһǹ󣬶̿ʼ޾岢û¶棬ԺХӵ඼ǻǽ棬еĸǻеĺǽ
޾һ֣ҶһƵı顣˼ԣ㵽вУбȱȣ
Ҷ￴һôΣ¶һ˿мȻﲻò޾뷨ЧǾеľ񡣲һﾹȻҳԼǲ̫Լˣ
뵽ҶҲ޾һƽ澵˶ǽǴһƨȻƽȥ
ȿźܶˣЩ˶Ųǹ׼Ϊ޾һǹû¶ͷЩҲͣʱҶ￴ԼǰŪػǹ֣ʱµ油ȥǴ¶һ˿Ū
ȻôҪǾְɡ
Ҷţ˵Ķȴǲֻסǹַǹͽڶǹ˳ȥǹ΢΢һ֮Ϳ۶˰
޾ҶЩŤĶһ˿Ϊְҵˣ˽ҶǷ׼Ķˣ£ܺܺõıԼκβλ·ȥ׼ҲǺܸߡ
޾Ȼ֪ǰûרϰĽĽȴû취ʹó
ƽ澵İ£һǹһǹšڴͬʱŵȴΣ֮Уƴ׵ĬȻĸսʿѹ˹սǴ¶ͷһʼɱսʿвһ˷ܡܿ죬ͷ˱仯ĬȻһӳŸ߱׺󣬰˸˲ʧһ̫ĶӳһӡȰĶӳŵԼҲˡ
׺ըĬȻʹǿƵѹҪЩһټ˼ŵ֮£ֻӳףٶȴ˻ȥһֻʣһˡ
һпսһȳĬⲨͻУ˫ʧˡϿƺ˭ûմ⣬ŵֽ֪漺ǳ˴ˡĬȻڳĬƬ֮ٶȷ˹ƣһʱ˫ڵͨ˼ҵĽС
ŵǲٵˣȳɣҶʲô취׵ѾûжˣǻкܶսʿǸס˹һԼұۣһ߽˵
ŵĻһ˼ĬȻ׵ƣϾҪѹˣٲ˾˲ˡ뵽ЩɬһֱźҶһϸµ˼ʹʱͷǴšȻڣŵԼһΰˣ˼˶Ը˶ûܹԼȴڶʮսʿ׷£òˡ
ŵ˵仰¶һĨʣһǷ׷׳Ҷڵķȥŵ򿴵һĻһ˿⣬ûд뿪ȻѾˣ֪ҪţҶȡʱ䡣
ҶһעҪұȥˡŵһЦ˵˵仰϶ʱһζĪ׳ңһǰʱһ޷ݵϢЩѪУȴǱޱߵĺ⡣
Լһ£һ˺ȻóʮһŴ׵Ž棬óΨһһŸ߱ףһȦһȦĲ
Ͻŵֵʲ¶һĨĺķâǼԼ˺ƵľװѪɫӲƵգ˼£ỨзΪľװ˺ܶ࣬ЩҫΣԶصĺи
ŵƵľװıڻУԽԽĽŲ¶һ˿ѵı顣
ôˣأҶ׼ǹȴǿ˴ҴҶˣһʵ
ǱˣѪӶŵֱѹ˹Ƕסˡ˹ϴŲ˵˵仰˶סˡΪʲôԼ˵仰˵ŻĲӦŵ
뵽˹һ˿ãȻܿת档ֻĸ˵ʱһ˿ĸоѹС
ǸһȥĶˣѵ


263 ŵ֮
ҶҲǷȺвûŵ򣬰˸ȥ˻ζʲô
أҶЩƣɫʡ²ʵ
Ҷʵ⻰ʱĶӳҲǷӦ˹æתȺȥǺܿʧˣΪǸӦúһ˲ûгôȥĶˣ˾ýֺͷҲõ
ǻҶ˻һ޴ãȻˣɫѿˮɱ죬˿һֻŭͻ
ˣŵŵ򡭡˹ٲ֪Ӧ˵ʲôʲôҪʵôԼ˵ȴ裬ֱǸԼߡ
仰ҶҪٲô£ɴһͷײˡֻһ뷨ЩˣԼսѣ
ǡҶЩ˻ƣгŵıŭ˭Ļֻ˵һ㣬û˵ȥڻ֮ʣҲ͵վһԾͨ޾һˡ
޾ƺ쵽ʲô붼ûһѾͱסҶΡҶҪȥˣȻѡζȥҲǰװˡ޾˻˵ڴͬʱеĿ㶵ˣʾֹҶʱлٴҲǷӦ˹æǰסҶ
ӹҶŭգݺݵĵһлٴһۡ˵ǽȥȻȥŵ
ӲΪԼжΰ󣬵ǹսսǳı֡Ψһ뵽ľȥֹŵԼģҪʿҲֲŵ
뷭һ㣬֪һҶŷÿ˶ԼĽŵ㣬֮䣬ѡ˶ѣûй֣֮Ҷ˺ܻܿΪѡ
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Ҷһ߱һһٶ׵·ȴ뼸һڴͬʱҲ׷Ҷ˹ҶܳһսǴʱŵ򻺻ʱϴº͵Цݣƺǿһ㡣
ɫĲȥ˹սǴ˽£սʿҲͬʱСڴͬʱŵҲǿҶĳ֣û뵽ͷܿҶǻŲվûзʲôֻ΢ЦſҶһۡ
Ҷﲻ֪ŵеװһЩʲôҲûϸ롣ΪǸССĲڸսʿµʱ˲䱬ը˿
䡭ʱһ̱޵ӳҶĿھѵĿһĻŵ⻪ʱôϤһĻͬĳͬѡ񣬵ĺ㱻ޱߵɣҲ΢ЦſԼ
ըĺͻȻĬȻڸսʿĲԶһصʱͷٵ˱ԶһŵԼЩʮսʿǱȥ
ĬȻ˸ŲĹâ̻ɢ֮治ԶҶǰ˵һֱĸоһ֪ԼǰˣǰҶ£ǰĶС
ĬȻ˼һջѡȥ̵ĵȫûֻЩͨʿ𲻵õġֱȥסҪ
һз̫죬䶨ʱҶ˶ڴͬʱ޾Ҳվ󣬳ĬĿһĻǲ֪ŵΪʲôѡԽ׽ͨڣΪʲôҪӵԼĽ£Լͬھ
Щ˲֪Ҷﲻ֪ŵ뽫ȫݻ٣ûһ㷴Ӧʱ䣬ϧĬȻôöԸģǷӦ˹
ҶҡлٴЩĳ˶˰Լڣû뵽ŵѡԼ˵ΣǼٵġ
ҶĬһ£һ˸΢΢̾˿ת΢΢лٴļ򣬸˺һ񡣳䶨֮һɲǼҶͨ˺ܶ࣬鲢ˣǲѡӱܣҵĽ취ûдġŵҲ⣬иǸж
սǲпģң뻪ĵս׷ɵ£źܶΪ˱飬ѡȥӢۣĸ˸Ĺס
ոļˣ²ǡӢۣЩ˾ҪõĻţҪźȥҶ֣ص˵ⷬĻô˵ҲǺһЩ
£ҶﻺŵĬȻ뿪û̫ķӦ֪һ죬˻ϣʱǺ߸֮ʱҪǽӴ˰ڴ˵飬Ĺо仰ҶǶ𾴡
ڸ߱׵ĴݲУŵǲƲԱŵĳЩսʿӳҶﻺıŵʬ壬ҲԷı̫ӡȰӳʬ塣
һ˺ܿ뿪Ƭ֮أصҶԭսλã˷ԺҶͻȻŷޱߵɱ֪ҲͨľͷЩ˻ǴЩ˽ΪйߵĿ꣬ʼٸߣ˳ˡǳ˽𣬻Ǵ飬ҶﶼŹߡ
ɵǰȺˣǻؼңӿзڿдһǺݺݵĵ˵ͷ
ʱͻȻ˼ҵǹҶɻͬʱ̲ס¶ͷ档һ¶һ˿ϲ
ʱԭԼ˵ѪӶˣڱ͵Ϯ֮¶Ƿ׷׵תΣ֮нҶ￴ǱԼ壬¶һ˿ɱ
ˣɵǡҶﻹЩǳת䣬ǽĵǡҪ֪ԼЩֱӳȥпѪ޹飬˲أڲͬˣԼȫԺݺݵĸһƱ
ô˵϶˷ҩ·һ֮˾ɽͻһ㣬ŵ˳ȥѻѪӶűˣҶ޾Ĺֻʣһңļл֮£һʱɾܿͽ
Ժ˺ܿͻһٶȿҶʱеĵǷһûԼʧǻ
÷ؿųֵˣ˸һ֮¶ԵͣҶбŵʬ壬һʱסˡʮȥ߸˹飬ʬ壬Щʧ뵽սĲпᣬ÷Щ
ʿǣǺܲ붼šҶｫԼ˷˵һ֮÷Ե̾ʮ˽˵Ĵ󷽽һ㣬ʹ÷ҲòЩˡŵиǸпǧǰˡȻʿѡ˹ٵȥǶ˵ÿһʿǱĲƸ
̹٣ǸһӵˡҶüͷ˵ŵѡûнһټ𣬶ĬȻҲǴȥֱѡ֮ززҶﲢǲȥ׷֪ڵβϤ£׷Ҳû취
쿴Ҷһۣû˵ʲôΨһЩһڶԴĬȻʱȻôƽͣûһ˿
ǽˡϵıĪʲô뷨еĸпҶȴһǰˣԼҲܻؼˡ


264 еħ
峿ĵһɢⷽУһҹİҲǱɢҶվڼװϣǰһ޼ʵĺ棬˵㼤ʱ䲢Ƕʮһ죬뿪Ҳܹʮʱ䣬̶̵ʱڣҶоԼ˶·һɱ䡣
ӭĴŵζĺ磬ҶֻԼ泩ࡣһжƽȻҶ滹Щǡֵǳлٴˡ
뿪һʵҵĵ죬һҲ̻عԵĹҡսԺлٴ˶ǳĬࡣȻû˵ʲôҶ֪滹Ϊŵ޷ͻ
ҶҲԼ췴Ӧ̫ڼˣ֪Լû̫Ĵڶѵ֮䣬Ψһ뵽ľǾǰȥһУûʱȥǡ
һ̸̸ˡ
Ҷ΢΢һ̾ٴοһѤõ⣬ͳлٴڵĴȥҶԼµģӦΪȥ⿪ᡣ
˴յʱҶ﷢ֻһڴУһ˽ȥǰ
֪ʲôֱҶŵž˹Ҷһ˿ɫصȥȻεĺܺãҶȴǿĺ
Ǽ飿Ҷﵭʵ
æҡҡͷȴǳҶֽƶɫ˶յһ㣬лĵ˵ͷ
ǶûдҶǵ˽⣬ǿ϶ŻԲߣŵڰƭ֮ѡһ˵ֵҶ˵ƺ뿴ߵķӦ
ô˵һæ˵ͷֻǵõʱΣŵ˵Ժ˾ͶźȥʱҲû뵽ŵѡһ赲ΪԼȡʱ䡣
˵ǲûдҲΪŵΣÿ˶ԼѡŵôҶǵ߻ҪúõĻȥ㶮ΪǵˣҲԸ⿴ҶĻʱĻϣͨһ㡣
ɫһ仯ʱٶ˵ͷҶ΢΢˿ΪԺٶҡҡͷ˵ǵĶӳҪǵʱܹͬˣͲˣʹǵĴģӢֻۣų򡣡Щ˼˵
⻰Ҷɫ̲סһڣ˵˰оûˣʲô߼ѵս㲻ͳųҲ̫˰ɣ
Ϲˣ񣬾ӢۣҪų򵱳Ҳѡȥμ˲ߣӢ岻ô򵥵ģǻĹȥ˶ʮһˣֻǸһȥĶˣǾͲӢˣҶﲻ֪ôһ˵ˣ֪Щ
⻰Ҳ˳˼Ҷ￴֪Լ˵ȥҲûʲôãеħϣֻԼȥƳܲ߳ӰͿԼˡ
뿪֮ҶͳŴϵȥٳɺһʿڽƣҶҵ˵ƲֻˣΪӳ˵ʲôҲҪȥһµģοٳɻһЩġ
·ңڴλں͵ϷʿŮٳɣҶһ˿Ϸʣװſ˼ڳƪ۵ٳһ˿ͲˬĿҶ
ǲĲʱǼҵȻϵЦһ䣬Ҷͳٳգգ۾ٳֺֺЦһǵģ˼˻أ˵ŮΡ
ٳһʿŮҶô˵һ糺죬ҲƵ˳ȥҶ￴һĻ̲סЦ
СҲ̫˰ɣÿҵĺ¡ٳЦһһԹĿҶ
Ҷ˸һƨϣ˵ҿ˵ϱˣͲһͷȥܣ
⻰ٳɫһڡⶼʲôˣû߳ʲô캦飬ֻǺ˼СһģҪȥܡð㡣
ô㲻ţٳɳԱģҶ̲סٴвС㻹⣬Ҳú㡣

Цһٳɾɫһ˵лٴˣҾɫԣǼ鵽ôˣҸо⼸˶תˡ
ٳô˵ҶЦһĽʼĩ˵˳Ŀġһǿһٳɵƺõզˡһϣٳڻȥ˶ȹѹءϾһҶ˾ҪˣʱҶ϶ȥ԰лٴ飬ˡȻҪٳھа취Ǿٺòˡ
ⲻҵԭģٳһˬʵ
˽¶˳ҶһЦƤȻæ˵ҿרģģҿû˵ʲô
ٳɵһЦϷʵ˵ԭģˣһ㿪أڿûҪˡ˵껰ٳɾͿʼעҶķӦҶϵθ̲֮סЦ
Ҷ㻹һ㣬Ϊҵģ˼˵СʲôʱƤôˣ
ٳʱҶȴǳˣ˵ˣҲû취顣лٴ⣬ҶﲻòҲԼԭû취ֻٳʱʲôĶҪҲգؼлٴҪ
զ˵ͺˣװһµӡٳɲޱӵ²һ䣬ϾͿʼ˼
Ҷ￴ҲûٳϣֻǾĵȴš֮ٳɿ˵鲻ǣκ˶ôΣյ£û˭㵽߲ӰӦ̫ˣϾʱŵѡӢ¾壬ѡȥ
ٳô˵Ҷһڣⶼʲôˣ˵˴ûһõģʲôãֲɵҲ㵹˵˵ô찡ڹĵĿ
㵹˵˵취ЩҶҶżæߴٵ
ٳɵһЦҲ˵ֻǿҶҶﱻû˵Уû취ҴӦ㣬СӾͲҪϹżˡ
ʲôصģз˵ǸСļһҶиһ䣬ȻЩˬٳɴӦԼķϣҲûֳ
ҾͲˣ˰⼸ƤӶĥˣʡ¶ˡҶ˵Żʹվ
ٳɿ⶯ɫʱЩڴӦһˣⶼʲôˣ鷳ԼҲ˵ллֱӾ׼ߡ㲻˵ҵǿ
ٳͬʱ׼˵ȴҶˮǰ֪ͣԼǻˣвЩΡĶˡ
ҷûˮˣˡú˰ĺһˮҶһ˵˵Ż˳ȥ
һĻٳѾܿ϶һǹԼˣɫɵɺףɰױڣǱɫ
һôȥô˵ģô˵𣿰ٳŭգͲǿðˡҶ¶һ˿⣬ĵӣ뿪ҡ


265 ı֤
뿪ҺҶһҲûɴҸӣڼװʮһ·ݵѾЩˣںϣ»ǿԽܵġҶ￴һޱߵĺ棬Ժ뵽ǰһĻ
ŵҲĶпһЩСʵ׺ôģŵǸЦݣࡣ
ֵ𣿡ҶſʵһʵңһֱҶﶼѹŵһͷڼúųԱ񡣵ЩҶҲû취飬ڹĴǰ£˭Ҳⲻġ
һֱһϴ󣬵϶ӣʿҲԸԴҵĲмԲҶĲһԴΪ֡
ȻŵյѡȴЩܣΪҫԼΪӮԼһѡ塣ҶζǸ񣬽ᶨҫҶ֪ԼŵˣƳִɵ
ʲô֪ʱ޾ĵĳҶ󣬵Ŀ˵ġ
˼Ҷ˼˵ûʲôЩȥˣҲЩʱˡ
޾ԣһ˿˼֪Ҷһû˵滰˸оܿ޾Ҳûн¶Է˼ǿЦ˵Сӿ϶е˰ɣһûϢӣжӦ־ԶҪϷɣǸСʲôõġ
Ҷ΢΢һ飬һǺƤҲ֪˭ɶš
⻰ҿɼסˣͷҾ͸л˵˵ʲôӦҶһϷʵ˵һЦĿ޾
޾һ⻰˶ˣǸһ鴤УֲСѧѧ״˰б°Ѹ綷ȥר˶ĺ
İСҪǺ˵ˣҾûӹˡ뵽ǸǿƵĸϻ޾ѡԱܱлǿҪǱ߷ŹңһӢǳ׻ˡ
ߺأеаҶֽһһѾƤ˵ӡ
㡭޳ܵļһ޾Ȼû˿취˵ʱ͵ˣ޾֪ڿɲӲʱΪԼԺҸ͡
ֵ٩һᣬ޾ɫһ˵ҶôĬȻ飿
ͻȻ޾ôʣҶﲻ΢΢һ¡һɵ˵ҺûʲôҪҲǸҵ飬ʲôϵһǰҵƽͷСϰգò͡
޾ô˵һ˵ͱˣ̹ٶˡ
ԣҶüë΢΢һЩֵĿһ޾Ϊʲôһʲôã֣Ҳ֪̹ôġ
Щʲô
ɻҶüȻ޾Ѿ֪ԼҲû˲ҴŵıҪˣæһɻʵ
޾̯̯֣һε˵ĵʱ˵ģҲû˵ԭ򣬵ܸоʲô顣
ģҶһɫһ󷢺ڣⶼʲôˣһ챣ܶ˼ľ˵ȥˣⲻǸ˵ˣǳûӵĹ
һ󸹲࣬Ҷȴٶʵ̹û˵飬ҰǽˣȻٺ١
޾ɫһȻС˵Ҳû˵ʲôֻһȥ˶עע㡣
עעҶЩЦЦʲôע˵Ǽ𣿲ҶܿԭԺ߶Լ˽⣬϶֪ԼĬȻ黹ûнֻǸոտʼѡ֮Ը޾ӦǵԼóȻȥĬȻ鷳ȻʹĬȻʧأڵҶȻǺߵĶ֡
޾һҶͳķȥϣ̸̸ǸȦӻ켣꣬˽˽飬ԸĬȻϣҶϣõĽ顣
ˣɡҶţ쵭˵ƺ֪ҶһҶ΢΢һЦҲһƨɾһԵϡ
̹٣Щ㡣Ҷһ¿˵
ԣ˿һҶ˵ΪҶŵˣҶˡ
ŵԣҶô˵вɵЩɻòƶԼûʲôŵ԰˼Ƭ̺ô£ʱڴӦ߳ΪһӶӳʱú߰Լڸݵ飬˵Ӧ°ɡ
ڲҪˣڵĬȻֻһֻϵʨûô鷳ҶﵭһЦ˵е¶ɡһۣĬȻһʱڣǲٳֵģԴҶƶ
΢΢üͷɵĴСӿɱСǸһȻγ˸ȴԶԶû˽ǵĵزοӦվſֲ֯ñ⡣
ҶﵭһЦϵЩ÷˵ĶʵǾԺҶѾְεŶˣĬȻڻĵؽ϶ԼԴʵ
̹٣ԸĬȻϣܸһЩ顣Ҷһ»˵ԼĴ㡣о仰жùһ㲻ʮ壬¼ԺҶ׸ܻģԼҲǻ£δĳһ죬û׼õʱ򣬵ͻȻԼǰٴƻԱ뽫вɱѿ֮С
仰ɫһӣǰ㲻ס˸У֪ҶΪʲô뷨Ը֮׵ĬȻϡһ첻ͣԼѵע޷ˣʲôΪе谭
˺ܾã¶һ˿ֶ벻ڶֶܶΪܹͨݵԸһҫܰȴûмǸ浱ǰȦӣ̫ĳ޴ڡЩעѲ
㶼ˣ쿪ʵ˵ͬʱĶҶϣҳһ˿ᶨϧվЩʧˡҶϺƽƽûκβ
ҶﵭһЦ˵ܻģĬȻû취ҺĳޣһȻȥֵܣв
Ȼǳޣ΢΢һ̾ٱõĪ˵һ仰
Ҫܱƽ֪ܷܲͷǹۣʱһ·ٶ̤ζʲôӦҲ
˵ҶԷ˱仯ݣջ˵ʵ̫ˣ̲סЩĶˡ֪ȻȻô˵϶Ű취ġԼܷǶγΪܶԵĺܣĳ뱨Ĳ
뵽ҡҡͷ˵ѾˣұӱܲҵԸ񡣡
û뵽Ҷܾôɴ࣬Ƭ̾˾ܾԼ顣
һʱ֮䣬ڵЩ˶ĬûдΧǶ̸֪Ҳı˵ˣĬȻҲգҶҲöӲˡ


266 еľ
Ȼ㶼ˣҲ˵ʲôˡ˼ãȴƵİ˵˵ͣˣҶɫûʲô仯Щʧ˵ҪԸĬȻͱ뽨һڻģвͨģӦ֪Ҫһں⣬ûбĵطԡ
ô˵ҶһʱҲ˳˼֮УľǱĬȻû顣Ҫ֪ҶﱾͲԸⱻκһҲѶж󣬾ԸҲС˾ϲ˦ƹ񣬸˵ˡ
̹٣ѵûбİ취Ҷ˼뻹Ǿ²ʺԼвĵʵ
ɱҡҡͷ˵ҪԸĬȻ㲻Ŀֲ֯ѪӶžһֱǿҪǴŵǹƥĸɣǳ˼
ĻҶһʧֱף̫ˡνŶϣͻỻʧʱӦ仰
ѵľû˱İ취
Ҷмٵתţͷбһһų飬ҶҲûٽ̸ȥ飬򵥵˵˼䣬뿪ķ䡣
쿴ҶЩʧıӰһãֻʣһŨŨ̾Ϣ
Ը뿪㣬ŹҲǷŹԼĲϣٴݽȥյķ⻰˵Ҷãкγ˵Լ
Ҷص󣬾һͷԵڴϣЩãȻһǵӰͷһ㣬ǰ
ʮμѵӪʮֱҵ뿪ǸĵطȻһƮƮ˰꣬һ֮ǸصĶˣΨһһʦҶϰùʮ룬ѧɵʱ򣬾ͱʦƼ˵ʱӶš˺֮У˳ΪһԺܺõս顣ǰӶűѪӶһٸ𣬶ǴսΪڻԼʧ֮󡭡
ֵܣ˵Ӧô죿Ҷ߶ţĿŸ͵ķƺڿһ㡣
䡭
һȻҶ˼ҲǱͻȻؾϡǰҶ̧ͷ߱ĪķƣһʱǰС
ؼҶվŨܵĻпȻһξʯһ㡣
һΣƮƮˡ
벽䳾Ƿʾˡ
Ȼôͷδġ
һҶ΢΢¶һΪŵĻ䱾ûʲôģֺαӰͽ֮̾Ϣ
ϵķÿƵҲ죬ʱصֳ֮ҫ۵ĹҶ￴һĻϵЦݸиŲƼհá
ƽʹŽһ·֮ǰ˻һغеĸۿڣһ֮ˣڿϤĹ飬϶ǲķһ̣Ǽҵ˵һ
ˣ³ˡ޾¶һ˿΢ЦԵ˵
ԣǲźۼĵ˵ͷȻҲġ
仰ڳУҶ̡꣬ڼǰһ̤Ƭʱûκĸ룬ȻһΣȴǱ鲼ŰȫкĪ֪ܰԴδҶ֪ܵĸӦ
ϱ֪Ҷ˵Զҵƻּйҵͷ
´ɣɲǾۣƽʹߡô쿴һпˣ΢΢һɣʼߴ
ԣæ˳ѾµĽݣŴȥԺΪ˲𲻱ҪĹעʾ£˶ͨһɢվš
̹٣Ҫ뿪ˣǾɡҶ￴׼ϵ˵΢Ц˵ô˵¶һ˿ȣҡҡͷ˵ҲߣֻرˣһҪȥ㿴
⻰Ҷ̲סüͷҪңʲôҾ뵱ƽͷϰնѡ
ڱ⣬ҶϾֻܾ밲Ĺһʱ䣬ͻĵĹٷǾʲôǣ档Ȼƺ֪뷨ֱӾ;ܾˣҶﲻΪѡ
컰˵ˣҶҪھܾЩ˵ȥˣֻ֮еͷӦˡ
ʱϵĳӾͿ˵ǰϳԺ˺ܿͱһС͵Ļڻһ˼˳˸ٶ̤г̡
Ҷ￴ϤĻգвЩпǵĻֻǵʱԵӵĲңȴһֿյĸоĶӶʮһ˳ȥֻʮˣһˣһʵڵ硣ǵʬ壬Ѿһͻ˹
ʱҲ뵽ʲôǳĬŲ˵͵ЩСԵķΧγĶԱȡ
յĸսʿյѪӶšͻȻ̲סЩѹֵҲǱøŨˡҶ̧ͷˣ۾һƬͨ죬ϵļǲסĳ鴤ţεĲѹŵķŭ
һʯǧˣе˶ЩѹסԼķӦˣҶص̾Ϣһϵ۾ս෢Ĳ׶ȡ˶޴ӵֻ֪֪ǳ׾ˡĶȻΪ˵ǣĶЩˡ
ŻѹŵͣĿ֨֨ҧҶĬȻĳ޸ˣԼֵܣսѣĶħѾ¶˲ߵľġ
ҶãԼ΢ЦҪǧ缲ġǶĬȻͷ˲¹ͷȴȥӦԡ
СʱһJʡһСͻУ·ɻʱɫǻ谵һƬĴ£˺ܿһУʱѾڵȴǡ
棬ƽʹƻ¶ԱӦʮʵʵˡ˶ңȸ˵
ʱ˶Ƿ׷վӭعˣһ˺ܿͷӦ˹˵Щ׻ͱ˵ˣ춷°ɡ˵ţɫҲЩӦʮʵˣ֪ζʲô˶仰ĺ塣Ҷ죬ǰڵϿûмǴĻӦǻľίһԱֽк񺣡
ķԸ£˺ܿʱҶ˼ЩˣЩ˼ϵľ֮вɵЩ֣Щ˼͵ĶǿһǣȥʮˣҶǼЩ棬ִͷһ
һʵҵ飬ͨǰ鱨ǶһЩ˽⣬ЩҲᣬǽҪ˵顣һǼνΪΪ޴׵ʿǣΪӢǡУǻĵĶֺܳɫӦǱֵΪɫһǶǵãҺҲǵáовսʿһöصȹһΡ콫һ˵ͣЩˣ߻ɨˣҶĿĺڲͣ¹š
ʿ׷ΪӢۡʿʿеȨ
񺣵Щͳ˵һλһʱ˳õĳĬСҶ￴вɵЩůԼЩƴƴսͷ­ѪܵõҵϿɾıãЩսҲܰĵȥˡ


267 
Ҷĸаοʱ򣬺񺣵ٴ𣺡ڶ飬ǹѪӶŵģڴ˴жкߵΪԾίǻƱػὫʱ׷ףȲ֮ͽң⡣ͬʱǽ̾ͨĬȻˣԼѪӶеĸ߲㡣
Ҷû뵽񺣾Ȼ˵Ļ仹ǵʿ档һֱǸ͵Ĺҡ׻˵ơǺֱô˵ʲôԶһᷢǶ˵һֵı֤
òƶ˺ܶζҶ΢΢¶һĨůı顣
Ļ飬Щζܶվں캮֮󣬾ͷ׷ҶߵĶԱ
֣ôﰡ޾һĿԼˣ΢΢һ̣ûһ˵
Ҷ΢΢һ㶣治ɵİСӲصĻһһҲû˵
ʱ޾ô˵ϵıһЩ漴˵ôӾͲܳˣⶼҪʾ
޾ٺһЦæʱ˵أүӳﶼУҾʶѡ
һЦЦ˵СӣɫȻӻȥôʰ㡣޾һ⻰һ鴤ⶼʲôˣҺòˣ㻹ҪŻҡ
ʱ޾ҲǷһԸվŵҶæҶһ˵֣ҶǰᵽǸҶҼͷƢ޾˵ţæԾһԡ
ҶͷһȴѾƽ˹޾һ֪ôһܵġ
ǵģҶ￴һĻЦãһĽԼӣһֱһŻؾǲ̫Ǹɶˣĳϡ
ãҽҶ޾ѡȻбͷҶܿͿʼҽܵ
΢΢һЦ˵С㣬ܲλҪúøлСӵչˣҶǺܲġ
ϿԿǸûʲôӵˣҶвɵЩĽ޾СӱԼҸˣӡ
Ҷţæ˵޾Ҳչˣ⻰ˡ
һᣬʱԱ߳һҶһɫ
ôͺС˰λСû´ĻӦǽҶɣ˺ܲҺ㡣
˵Ǻ񺣣˺ܿתȥʱҶŵһνĿλȨصľо뢡һھᵽԼרűԼġͲ֪ԼʲôˣԸʲô鷳£Ҷ΢΢ͳź΢΢һͷǴк
ⲻûСˣЦ˵޾һɫһڣǸǳ鴤ͣԱߣҲʲôӦ˵˾ԹԼ᲻˿֮ĵġ
İɣҶ̸̸ҶûȤ˼ģ񺣺˼ֱӿżɽԼ뷨ҶһаȻˣ˵ͷӦǺ˰ɡ
ҶЩԸ⵫Ҳþܾ޾һĵ͸ź񺣵ȥ˺ܿ뿪Ļңʱں񺣵Ĵ£ҶһķС
Ҷȥ֮־͹ţ֪߷ôŰԼ϶ŻҪ˵ڷֻˣҶһӦ˵Ļϣ֪ɡ
㵨Ӻܴ󣬱һǿˣܶ˿Ҷţȴûзֶ񺣶Ҷã󿪿˵֮ζĪȴǲ͡
ҶﵭһЦǾӣ˫۾ǣɣһЩĶΨûҶĵĶ
ͲЩʲôõˡʱ񺣼Ҷﲻ˵һֱԼͣвɵЩ⣬Ϸʵ˵
Ҷ΢΢һЦ˵齫Ȼˣ϶Ϊ˰ôɣûʲôõĵġϺ꣬թңүֲû棬ܿڴʲôע⡣
ʱҶѾһЩ²⣬Ҳڲ²⣬ں᲻ᳯԤķչͲ֪ˡ
ĺر𣬵Ӧ֪â¶ԼɲáЦһ˵ڴͬʱзһ˿ΣյĹâĻеͱ˵ζҶﻹǴ۵һ˿ײϷʡ
Ҷɫһƽ·ߵĻû˿Ĳ䵭лĴ˳
ȻҪзâȵˡ
ҶĻһ˫صãһɫʱ鴤һ£û뵽СԼǰţҲɫ˵Լˡ
еøСһȻҽԿˡаţ˼ôҶˡ
Ҷڴίһ飬ʵ򡭡䵭˵Ҷ⻰üë΢΢һ̣ͬصҲûзʲôûʲôýˡ
˵껰ҶﲻһΪбʲô飬ԭǴԼЩԼոջĵѣٺõƢҲŭ
ߣûҶУ21꣬ѵӪѧԱʮֳɼҵʮӶţֱһǰӶű˸͵͵ǱعӶʱ䣬μӹսս˳֮ΪӶ֮һ˵ĿɶԣͲӰ˵һҶһֱԼصĺܺãڿķͷԼֻûֶѡ
ôЩûΣĵİȫûȨôȻЩҶȴû˿¶ӣһȻ˵
񺣲мһЦ˵ȻЩ˵ûʲôҾͼ˵ȥˡع߸ʱ䣬ܹɵɱúڿֶ˽˵ΡĻһټ𽭶ǿ֮һķҵš
Ҷеĵ˵ȷԼģЩΪԼĺأڱ˵˵ﲻһ𾪡
˵ЩӦʲôģĨʲôֱ˵ɡµҶ֪Լûõģһĳˡ˵ϻǱһƬȴ࣬Сӣ֪˼ҵ˰ɣ˵ϣŸˡ
һˬ˵˵Щûб˼ЩҲû׷뷨ϣףڻƬؽϣһ˵Ϊ붮ÿƣƶֻһ䣬ˣһֱעעԼΪ
Ҷû뵽˵˴Լ˸ôһ䡣жʱֹⶼʲôˣԼ˵׷˻˵ôʲôʾĴڸУ
ЩȻ֪бûҪûһ£ˡвˬ֮£Ҷ䵭˵һתſȥ
񺣱ˬģҶ仰֮¶ʱˡôˣСҲ߯˰ɡаһ񺣿ҶϾҪˣɫһãæ˵ȵȡ


268 ʿͱʽ
㻹£Ҷ΢΢һüת񺣣Ժ߻Щøеģκͷ˵ӣʱѾЩͷˡ
񺣱⻰ҭһ£ʱЦֹ˼ҲôķӦ˵ˣôôƢ
ðɣҳϸոҲԣҪίɸһ¡˰첻òѡ˵
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һû˵أҪܾҲ˵ɡЩ˵ҶôôˬҪ뵽治ġ
ҶﵭһЦ˵Ȼ֪ô飬Ӧ˽ǲײ飬ҲҪ˷ѿˣ˵ҲûҪ˵ȥˡ˵ŻҶﾶųſȥºһз㶡
ˣһ˿ĪĹâҶ߳ȥҲûгҲ֪ôġ
뿪ҶﾶǰĻңʱ޾ڵԼΪǰ˵˽޾һȥϢһϡҶǴֱӻؼҵģ뵽컹һ׷ᣬֻܽ޾롣
Ҷˣûʲô°ɣһҶ޾æʵȴҶ˵ͷŷ
ʱѾǽˣҶҲûжͣҶкԺ˾뿪˾Ӫ޾ļʻȥʱ͵޼ң˼򵥵˵˼֮󣬾ͷֱ˯ˡ޼ҵķӺܴ󣬸㣬Ҷ˯Ȼ¡
ĴϣҶŷɫװη¶һĨɵЦںԼ飬ѾΪʲôֱӾܾѾߺˡ
ƣλıҶԼûҪЩ˽һе˵Ǹ鷳ܺ˵ĲʲôԸȥܡٺ»ܵð£Ҷýʲôְ
ŵľǺٻˣ绰ٻ˵һģ뵽ܸԷһϲͷ˴绰ǰ֪ٻĴ㡣
źͺٻһ֣֪Ҷͱ۾˯˹ȥ
ʱǰľӪ棬绰˺ܾòͨ˳ȥ
Ϻ飬ҹĴ绰ʲô˼绰еʮ㣬Щ˵
ɫһûнӶԷĻ˵ܾˣҾӦú˵˵
ܾ˭ܾˣ˵һЩȵȣ˵ҶСӾܾˣ绰еȻԺǵӦ֮˼ֱ
񺣿Цһ˵̵˵һ䣬񺣲̾˿
绰Ǳߵ΢΢һɻʵϺ飬ô̾ˣɲ㰡ûи˵Ҫû˵ܾҲǺġ
ٶȿЦһ̵İǰ˵һ£绰ͷҲǳĬˡ˶û˵ʲôͨҲǸ˶䡣
ҶȻǲ֪ЩʱںܹŮĻᣬò峿ʼһαɹâʱҶ￰۾ս۾΢΢һ¡µһֵˡ
Ҷûϰߣܿ·򵥵ϴһͳ˷䣬ʱ޾Ѿڲǰˡ
ԼˣһĻҶεһЦæ˹ȥ
СҶ˰Ҷ֣æкҶ΢΢һЦæ˵ͷڲ֮ŷ޾һﶥȦҲһήٵӡ
޿żĸл绰һǵ˴ҹڻû˯ѣҪǱӳѣ϶ġ
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Ϊ׷Եʣֳû̫ĽҲԵࡣҶһⳡҲǳĬμ׷ĳ˲μĶԱ죬ʣµľЩˡ
ʮһ·ݵѾЩˣһ紵֮󣬺ܶ˶ǲĴ˸Ҷ￴ǰׯصһĻܲζʮһ˳ȥֻʮˣǰʮһˣȴʿҶ￴ʿȻһҪܻţûκ˻ѡȥԼ
ʱ䵽ŵһ̣£е˶վĶСʱض˸еŻĳ֣ʽʽʼ֮£ҶҲǻĳ
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˵ĵȺ䣬һҶҲǷᶨЩó˯ĶѣҶﲻ֪ôԼС
һǸʹҹȺ壬ΪһƽǸĴۡοӢҶﲻִʽܾмȱʲô
ʱڻвźۼʹȥʿͱʽ֮ͽˣڳĬлɢȥ֮Ҷƾء
޾˵һ֮Ҷ죬ʱĺȻЩˡ
̹٣ҪȥˡҶ֯һԣͳ˵
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Ҷ˻£˵ͷ
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˵һҶ͸졣ʱ޾ѾڵˣΧŻĶӵԱҶ߹ȥʱЩ˶æźк
ҶҪȥ˰ɣ˵ʵЩᡣٳһп˵ҶһЦ˵ôˣûɣٳǰսұϣֱۻǰء
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ʱҶĿɨˣЩҲڿлٴ˸Ҷ΢΢һ̾ǰȥ˵ļ
Ҫиǣ֪ԼӦʲôˡҶĻЩĪ˶ȴһζһ仰ǸǺܴ𶯡
һȺһ˵ʱ۾ԺҶ޾ĳŽȥ
ܻؼˣҲ֪ѾͷôˡҶаһʱڴ


269 Υ
Ӻܿͳ˾ӪΧŽɵȥҶڳУߵķķ羰еЦˡ
ô˼˰ɣ޾һ߿ųһߵ٩Ҷô˵̲סһǼǵڳϵĹĳ׿ڸԼ˴ҹĵ绰˼ôǲǾǼ͵ıְ
ףҶͻȻ˸£ͷʲôò˺ܳʱ䰡ô£͸¶͸¶¡޾ͻȻҶ̸˺ܾãɻ̲֮סʼ
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ЩǺ󻰣Ҳᡣ޾ҶõһʲôʱжʱЩæʵҶʲô°óҿ
ҶĿһһۣôôأʲôҪ˽һ¡ԼĻҲûʲôˣԾһĺģֱӵݸ˺ߡ
޾ٷһֱֻ׾Ĵ˺ӣ۵һöɫͽɫһĽ¡ֻаƴСĳһɫͼһƣмȴѽһĽµı߽Ǵͼĺɫ
֣ǰôûм޾˰ҲûпȻɵ
ҶԣӹʵغأӦǹؽģͼʱ΢΢һ㶣ܾǰʲôطЩ벻
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ܾһɣҲ֪
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ȥɣعƼҲûˡҶЦ˵
޾ٺһЦҡҡͷ˵ҾͲȥˣ⻹м£ɡ
ô˵ڼһһ˷ܵӣҶ֪ܲһʲô¾Ϳڵ٩ߺأҪȥСɣ
Ҷ˼޾һΣһ˼żһı飬Ҷ֪Լ˵ˡҲûڵ٩˵˼˳޾⳵뿪ͳԿ״˱˽ȥ
ʮȥﲢûʲô仯ֻûҶоЩܿ뵽Ͼܼٻˣæܻңʼϴ
ϴ˸ˮ裬һɾ·Ҷӹóֻ˿ɳ
һԺҶȲͨСĵ绰
Сڰ칫ĵĴΪǸ£Դǰ鷳¹һֱţͻȻ绰СüͷȻһԵĵ绰
ι˭Ϊ类˴Сûʵ
ͲдϢҶ΢΢һЦ˵ңһˡСЩԺ˶˹
ϴ󣿡
ʵҶЦЦ˵ңСǲ͵˯
ϴ㰡ûûû˯Ǵ˸СȻ˼ֱҶ̲סѻͲԶ˶䡣
Сӳҩ˰ôо䱻죬Ҷ̲סЦⶼʲôˣһһէģǸɱɱֲôС
ٺ٣СæЦһ˵ϴĶأҪҪȥ֪ͨɩӡ
Ҷôʣæ˵ԼڼңСܣҪԼĻߺٻѵôᣬô˵ҲҪԸٻһϲҪǱС˵ˣûһȤˡ뵽ҶﲻСЩǾɩӽеȴҶһ
С˵һҶ͹Ҷ˵绰һҲûʲôˣ;Գţųȥ
⣬Ҷ﷢ԼɫʱͣΪһкܶ೾Щأڿȴô£ʱɫϲûһ˿ĸо

ҶЩõ뵽·˳ӣúٻȥӻʻڽеĽֵϣҶ￴Ϥķ羰һпʱӾٻŵĴǰҶͣóԺ˳
ŽߵĴãҶоԼ־ΥĻȸˣոʹС˺ٻڰ칫ң첽ĳȥ
֮Ҷ﷢ſڵĽӴϴǸŮҶ΢ЦźͶԷ˸кԺҲ˼ҷӦûоͳһߵĵȥ
˧粻Ǹ˭ŶˣҶﰡܲõδ򰡡ֺþûˣôͻȻˡӴŮа뵽̧ͷٿʱȴҶѾʧڵ⡣
ŵ㣬ں˸кֱ֮˺ٻİ칫ңǺٻδȻû˼
ٻ칫ҵŵģҶƿţͿһĨٻӰվڴǰƺڿʲôûзűƿ
Ҷ΢΢һЦһ˿ı飬ŵĳźٻŲȥٻ֮Ҷ̲סһϤĵʱĿĸоźٻں㷢ϸӰҶֻĸоһйܿ˰Ļ棬ò˵͸ĸ
һο̣һ뽫ӵ뻳еĳ嶯ȻҲôġ˫ſƶ˵࣬Ŀ£һڴͬʱҶ˵ϱʲôأ
ϱʲôأ
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ʱٻŷӦʱѾǱӵĻСβ΢΢һͳ׷֮ǰΪֻеαװǸŮ
İٻûлͷʵһ򵥵ĻȴҶһ𶯡ǰˣֻмˣлôһ˵ﲻļ
ֱķתҶĶ£ٻתΣ̧ۿȥǰ˼ҹ
Ҷ￴ϤоȻЩʪ⣬ͷǱжģȻֻǶ̶̵ʮ죬оһεĹһж仯࣬Լľ
ϱûҡͳȴʧ飬Ҷ˵ŻͶĿǶʪӡƺ˵۾ܶΣһοо˶Ҫ˽ȥ
ٻһЦӿһĨÿ糺죬ҶƵĶţЩһǵģһôһ˼Һú߰ٻŵʱȴԼвִҶΪЩڴӡ
ûأĴ󻵵ʲôҶ˼ٻȴϣһм˵
ѾͷӲءǵһ㶼飬ҿǺòӪΧģôƻˡ
ţҶȴ֪ٻ˵ǼٻϿڵ٩ûҰվڴǰʲôҿǿ˺þãǻô¥ξĽడ˵ŻҶﻹһϷʵĿźٻƺڵȶԷĴ𰸡


270 һǶͷ
У񡣡ٻɫһ죬æм˵˵仰ֻС־Щ޴໥šҶ￴һĻʱЦ
ѾͷڵôǸߵСŮӻ
㲻˵ҪʱôôͻˣǳʲôɣٻһٶȳʵΪҶҪʱܻû뵽ܲ߾ٴγˣȻϲͬʱҲЩϾҶȥΪ˻ָʵǰˣôĸ˵ıô죿
Ҷһüͷ΢΢һһ˵ôǰѵ㲻ң
Ҷôʣٻ֪һԼ˼ˣȴһһƻĿԼܿһڶԼ
΢΢ЩٻһŤͷȥҶҶһ֪ǲˣæƤЦ˵Ҿˣǰˡ
׻˵˵۾գһ£Ҷﲻһ㣬ΪʱͲϵգ۾ٻһʱ̲סЦЦڷдҶһ˿ıס˺ߵ
ٻû뵽ҶͻȻᱧסԼԲɵѿǺֹܿͣĶΪҶĿһҪ𣿺ٻȻðһ뷨ɬģǴȻ˲ֹһνǣǺٻÿζẦߡ
еļı۾ҶĺһǿסȥǶ΢΢źϵ˺촽ĳ嶯촽ںٻĶͷӡȥ
ڴͬʱٻ΢΢иЩԵĸоһĺ֡ǵ糿ǰҲԼĶͷһ̣ʮѹĵ˼ͻȻ䱬Ŀ
ҪʱĸоǾǸж
촽ں߶ͷһ֣Ҷ￴յļˣһʱ˼׷ɣӦٻĻˡʱһ˵ŵԣҶһ̵ԼͺٻһģҸܰ
ſңǰ칫ҡٻ۾Ӭ˵ҶһЦܾʹ˷Źߣǻûܹء
ҪڻؼȥסϷʣŻеĽˣҶ̲סϷ
åɫǡСһ䣬ٻȴǲĳҶŴ˼ӿһֻСȫĸһ
оĺߵĶҶ΢΢̣γһÿĻȣѾͷӲԱԼе˼Ըϣռռˡ
׻˵仰¶һ˵ıԣҶȻû˵ʲôǴʱ뻹Ǳ¶Լɫǵıԡ´˺ܾãҶһķſ˼˵Ľ
ϱûзʲô⣬СûСҶһʵĵ飬ҶٻİȫԼİȫҪ
Ҷôʣٻһ˸ܿͱ˹ȥ뵽ǰ飬ɵЩľҶﵣģֻ赭д˵һжܺãûʲôر顣
ٻȻô˵Ҷڿ֮ҪǻôΪǾ̫ɵˡԼʹٻ˵û£ɫҲû˵ⷽ飬֪ԼôҲûá
ǿѹסеŭҶܿٴΰڳһ΢ЦЦʼͺٻ죬ڼ亮ٻľҲǱźۼ˹ȥʵڲͱһЩһʵǸأ֪ԼܸߺٻԼ֪ͺˣûҪú߸ŵġ
ʱҶĶͻȻĽȻһ˿Ρٻı飬аЦ˵㻹ûԷɣҴȥԷ
ҶٺһЦ˵ԷģʹŮһԣԾһֱš
һֺõĻٻѡֱӡһ۳ߵ칫ǰʰԼĶܿʰ׵ʾҶһ£ͳȥҶһҲϿϡ
¥ͳΧķȥڼȻ˺ܶٻŵԱǱ캮ٻôһôܵһأǿҶʱĽ
ʮӺһҴ˹ݣҶ˼ҳˣͿʼĵĵȴڼȻⲻһϷҶﲻòϣںٻǰԼ޷һǿڻë˳
ϱԹûаҶǰ˵ʱٻֻ㣬Ҳû̲סʵ
ٻװһ˵ڲңҲ֪ǰʲôȥˡ
ô˵ҶʱǺˣٻôһ˵оԼ̫Ǹɶˡ
Ҫٸ㼸ɣʲôҶСʵ׼кԶķԱٻҲװȥˣæ˵ˣõˣѾԹˡ
ٻô˵ҶŷѾͷǰƭԼİʮûôоӱˣУһҪҸúõ̵̲ǡ
Ҷʱ򣬺ٻҲں˼룬ʵθһֱã˵Ҷ뿪ʳ֪ζϸʱʧߣһô֮ٳһģǺٻû뵽һﾹȻǸԼһ˵ˡ治ɵЩİҶһ˵ˣҲ³Եó
˸ʱ򣬷ѾˣҶҲܿͷһζ֮Уٻһ˿ûԼ˼ԽԽ̲סһ
ϱôˣҶԵÿģͻȻٻߵһ̲ס̧ͷʵ
ٻûĵһһۣҲ֪ôģǸһ룬ʼԼŪ׷Ҷ￴һĻ˶һ¡
ʲô˵ԹѵǸŪģҶ뵽ʱů࣬ůûгþɢˡֻٻǺ׷֮Ҳֱӳ
Ůĺ밡
Ҷ̲סпһ䣬˵ԭƭԼġ
ϱ㡭Ҷһ¾һҪҪٽмˡû˵꣬ͱٻһۡ
ʲôܳ԰һ˿ƻٻһϷʵĿҶ˵
ѾͷһǻָˣôСħҶ΢΢һ뵽ڰ칫ҵʱֺٻģڻعСħ̬仯ƺ̫˰ʵûԴҶ뿪󣬺ٻٴλסҶˣٶͷųͬϢںٻһ棬ֻҶһ˰ɡ
СʱҶڽһ׷̲֮ס˿һԼĶӡʱٻͳˣСټǰѾԹһˣֻǳ˰׷
ԱûҶһӣٻЦʵڴͬʱﲻ΢΢ЩҶķ֪ûôܳԣһʱܿ˰ɡ
Ҷﲢûע⵽ٻı飬ֻæ˵ͷʾԼԺˡ
ǾЪһ߰ɣô࣬϶·ˡ˵Żʱ򣬺ٻ¶һ˿ᣬڿɷһҶ￴飬¶һ˿ο


271 Ӷ
ϱĲôˣҾûǾɣȥˡ
ٻһ⻰΢΢죬ɵĵһЦŵĳһۡʲô裬ⲻûҲ̫˰ɣҪǲҪ־û⡣
裬ɲ衣ٻ˸˵ôҲһͷռ˱ˣĳ˵ӣ϶ӲⱣʯͷһҪǰסԼ׼ɱˣȴѾĵĲˡ
ҶڨڨһЦ˵ϱ裬ûд
޳ܣٻﰵһͲϼƽˣ֪һ˵ȥָҪ˵ʲô
ȻˣͿʼϵҽɣۡĲȴǲʺˡٻһüͷ˵ֻҲѧҶ˵裬˵껰ݺݵһҹһЦĳˡ
Ǿ;ϵɡҶŰԼܺҪͽɭˣյ鴦׵ҲܷߣۣҶﲻԼһսʤɭڴ֮ǰžЩ
ٻʱüͷǸоʲôû˵ʲôҶѡΣԼй֮
ûµĻһȥɡƬ֮󣬺ٻһѯ˵ʮգֻÿҶһﶼߣںٻǰ߶ͣΪСìˡ
ҶһԼȷʵûʲôµ˵ͷͬˡ
ڷִһͽ뿪ˣصٻŵʱҶﲢûиźٻİ칫ҡںٻ칫ҵʱСڵķȥӳǲڶ¥ӵа칫ҵģС뺮ٻ⣬ѡԱߵλΪϰĳںٻΣյʱһʱϵ
߽źӵоͿСľɳϣ˯İ칫һŮӣǡĥ¥ưɵŮû뵽СⶼˣСذɣ
ӵҶаһ£ʱСѾվһ˵ϴڻˡ
ôʲô˰Ҷüͷ΢΢һѡһɵĿס
Сæ˵ˣҿҹҹ˼ϴ㰡˵Ż˶ۺĳҶ߹ȥҶһ̣϶ʱһ񺮡ⶼʲôˣ糤˧Ҳ˿ϰɡ
һȥȡҶһ˵һһԣĳ˵óѡ
Ц֣ǸŮ̲סһЦվҶ˸ͷ֮ͳȥȻ֪˿϶Ҫ˵ЩʲôڳûʲôûȤ˽Щ
С˰Ҷ￴ź߳ȥӰһ˿ͣô֧ȥأԼˣʡԼö๦
ʲôҵС飿С϶ʱ˺ߣ˵ĺҺʲôһиһСûзʲôɫһ˵ϴǰҪɩӲҴˣֻûǡ
Ҷ˵Ҳֵ˼С˵һ˼ڿܶԺٻˣĬȻɣ֮⣬ҲĲ²⣬ûˮʯ֮ǰ¶塣
֪֪ǵҶʵ
Сһ˵ǵҲ÷Ʒȥ˵ûܲʲôЩ˲רҵɱ֣еڵӡ
ڣҶȻһ£ʵĳ֤ʵԼĵһֲ²⡣ǰǲֶεĶԸٻҲǻڵģѵٻʲôɸ˵ܲɣҲڲ˽ߣ
ɱ־ͺãĺܺãҪûھ鷳ˡҶﵭ˵һСȴһζû뵽һﻹбԼʱҪ֪ǰҶǲôԵ˵ֻġƽѾԼλϴĥµһЩˡ
ϴ󣬰ǽô죿СûΪҶĳ޶ʲô仯һǳʵ
ôʣҶҲ֪ôشһֱǴڱ״̬ǵȱ鷳ų֡С˼ȷȥˡеͨ
Ҷа̾˿ڻطһŵĸоҲһֱҪԭΣûʲô֣̫
ȲҪȥһ飬ȥ⽨һӶšҶﵭ˵ڻعĴϣԺо͵뷨ʱҲ˵ҪԸĬȻԼڻطȻвͨ뵽ԼһӶš
ӶţϴûпЦɣСһʱûзӦʵôö˶˵ĽʲôӶţҲҪưһԸ񰡡
ԣǽӶţûЦҶһ˵
ҶٴȷˣСһʱ˳˼ܿҶ뷨ҵгϣܷչ
СȻҲ˽УҶﲻͬǣһֱŵĶǰˣǻὫµ鱨СڵӶгˮһԲͻᱻ˳ԵùͷӶʣ¡
ϴ󣬽ӶŲô׵ģҪչѣʱ֣һþҪСһ»ǾȨҶͷҶһѪ޹飬Ǵ
֪㵣ڵƣϲĻܿǾͻһûˣǵʱҶЦһ˵⻰޵ķʸŸݵġһʵһۣѪӶűϾᰲһʱ䡣ĬȻ߸ңҪǲǰ׳϶ʱжӶгʱ򣬾Լʱ
ʲô᣿Сһɻʵ
ҶﵭһЦ˵㲻ʣŵ㵽ͻ׵ġ
û뵽һﻹԼСɫһһʱ䲻֪ôˣǳڶҶΣѡ仰֪ҶﲻһûͷԵˣ෴ȷѪдǸͷԵˡ
вһ仰ҪǲɵĻұˡ
СȻЩᶨҶһ¾һҩСһ⻰̲ס˸ۣ˵ͷ˵ˣϴûʽˣӶҪǮܲҰҰɡ
Ҷ仰ʱüͷƬ֮۾ͻȻһܿ뵽˰취ʱһԼʿеǱʴǰΪ뱻ҵԼһֱûжãڲͬˣԼѾ¶ĬȻҰ£ʲôõĵģǮȫŲóڽӶϡ
ǮҸ㶨Ȼͬ⼸ʰһ£Ǯˣ̰ɡ
Ҷô˵СŷֻҪƷı䣬ʽĳ£СýһӶǸġ
̸֮Ҷ뿪Сİ칫ҡͺٻ˵һԼҪȥһ֮뿪ٻţȥҪʿȡǮҶԼѡһȫĵطñĵйز̫ˡŵǸҾѵѡķǿҶȫͨԼĺڿͼ֪


272 ٻ˼
ȻԶڻģɵİǮȡҪľǽʿеǮתߵСʽʱ𲻱Ҫ鷳
ŵʱѾˣҶһ¾ֱȥϧʱİ칫ҡ
ϰôˣϧʱڵǰĵķҶæվ˵
ҶЦЦ˵һµԣȥɡ
⻰ϧʱɫһڣв̾˦ƹ񵱵ģҲ̫Ǹɶ˰ɣͲίһ㡣аǲûǸͲˣһʮ첻¶棬һ˾ôֱӡ
иͬʱϧʱɫܿͻָ˹˵һҲ̫˰ɣͲܹһ¼ŵ飿
ҶڨڨһЦ漰⣬⺺˵Ȼ˵ˣɢԸҲע⵽ⷽ档
ϻȥŵԼŰ죬С²ҪңҲû취ѾҿǻǮģҲ㣬㻹ʲôþġ
ϧʱ˿һ˵ĳˣа˲硣ܿͷӦ˹Ҷﳯȥ֪ҶԸ񣬿ЦԣǲܹˣĺߵĲ죬˵Ҳʲô¡
ϧʱ򿪻ţҶʾ뿪ˣҶҲһ˽档ʩûʲô仯·Ĵ˵ԣҶһ¾͵¼ʿеĸҳһ֮£ύת룬ûʲôˣֻҪĵȶԷĴ𸴾ͺˡ
ԶʿһʿУڽӵǸת֮˲ס
顭һʷ˹˸Ƿüͷ󵭵˵
űƿʷ˹еľʷ˹ʵʲô飿
һĲˣ˲һϵĺ˵³Ǹ˻жˣύת롣
ʷ˹ԲüͷһԽԽȥˣһžôһûͷûԵĻҲ˵뵽Ѿʼһıˡ
˵һ㣬ĸ˻Ȼˬʷ˹Ǻܿʵһ£ǹǲܵģԼԲݹ
ǸС˻ҪѴתȥע߰˸ˡ
Ŷ⻰ʷ˹üë΢΢һܿ뵽飬Ϊע˺ŵǴ﷢ȥġ뵽üͷ΢΢Ϊǰ˵ίԼһЩ鷳˻жˣԼӦӦøǸˡ
Ȩãʷ˹֪Էͷ͸¶ͻ˽ǲµģһʿֹġ˵ǸһﶼѱˣȻԼ˶棬ܿ;顣
ͬǸ룬ûȥɡʷ˹˵һͱϵ۾¿һĻҲæ˳ȥȥˡ
ôôҶڵǰһıԹţܿ뵽˿ܴԭ򣬵ضѾɲˡ
ˡЩĵʱ򣬵ĻϵһӢҶһʾѾͨעյϢ
㶨
Ҷ΢΢˿˳˵¼棬Ȼرյĵԣ˳ȥǮ飬ʿп϶תԼָ˻ҲûбҪʲô
ºҶϧʱ˵һ;뿪ˣܺһԹı飬ҶǵװûһȥҶٴλصٻŵʱѾĵˡ֮ܵ˺ٻİ칫ҡ
ôͻˣŵĳˣٻһŵ˵һǰɲһ¶һ첻ˣôô졣
ҶٺһЦߵ칫ǰһֺõ˵Ҫ̫ϱˣͻˡ˵ŻҶ۾̲סĳȻʮһ·ݵڰ칫ٻĲ࣬ǶҶܿٻؿڴĨ˵ѩףֵĹ֡
Ҷ̲ס˿ڿˮֱ̫ջˣܲ˵ĸо
ٻĻ滹΢΢Щ۵ĸоǵˮǣɫʱЩһͲһ㡣뵽ٻһһֺֺЦ¶һĨƻջ˵ÿ𣿡
Ҷʱ˶Ĩ˵ѩ֮УԱߴһջҲûֱ˵ÿ̫ÿˣҪһ¾͸ˡ
Ҷﻰû˵꣬оʹһɱĲҽֻٻֲ֪ʱѾ䵽֮ϣȻʩչŮ˶еĿ̡
ʹ֮£ҶæΪֲܿ˵ĥٿٻʱҶ﷢һӵĿԼ
ϱôģԼҪʺòÿģֻʵʵ˵ѣӦûɡӦ֮ҶæΪԼΪƱ磬ֻƺԼ͵ʵ
޳ܡٻһ˹ⶼʲôˣͲҪҴˣ㻹ҽƱ硣
ҶЦһһ˵⻰˵ˣҾ޳ܣֻϱ޳ܡ
ٻû뵽˵Ƥ̶ֳܺȣһǼʶˡ
Ͳ̫Ҫе㣿ٻЩ˵ȻоһûˣǾһ£һﳹ׷ơ
ҶûٻȻֱôһ䣬һʱ˶ˣҲ붺㿪ô˵ûĵİ˲˸װ
и̾һҶɫһʵϱϵҽûô˵
ٻôʣüͷ˵绰ˣ⼸ûпŵרңֲⷽרңѾԤԼˣҪɡ
ҶȻ΢΢˵ͷվϴԼģҲһʱŻܳһʱ䣬ô쵹ʲô¡
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øĦĦˣ˳㻹һҶﰵ뵽˵һҶһԵɳϢȥˣû˯ãԱЩˡ
ʱҶ˯˹ȥǼ⻹΢ٻɳϵҶһ˿ӡļǵ˵һμʱһԼ̵ӡ󣬵ȻӡǲõӡʱúɫԼǲнģڿ뷨ȴǴشͺ˽еļһ
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Ҳһȸ翿׶ˣ˯Ҷٻ̲ס뵽ҶĵȻͻأòܵӣҪٵ鷳һοͬʱҲԺһЩ


273 ϻȥ
Ҷٴ۾ʱǰһžסԴ˼ЦҶЩůʹȥѾͷЦȻԼ˯ŵʱоԼ
ϱҪʲôҰɣҶв֮£ֿʼڻϷٻ
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ٻû뵽ҶһһͷԼ֮£ɫ΢΢һ죬һת˵˵λˣ
Ҷô˵ĸתȻ˵˻ѣҲţɴϷһ¡
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뷨ǺõģϧҶûôŹֻһѸٵںٻװվʱһӻ˼˵ҶĶһŪٻֱʧȥƽ⣬һɳ
һ˵ĶЩˣֻϰſҶ֮ϣʱҶšҶĺصϢٻĺɱļͬʱϵĺθҪγˮһ
ϱͶͱ𣿡Ǽ⴫㣬ҶĺٺһЦ޵Ϸ˵ܵؿڴѹŵǶԺΰҶʱèץһЩ͡
Ҷô˵ٻƺһͷƫһԣ֪һ޳̶ܳȣϷŲϷһӣ϶ű飬Ժٻһóѡ
ϱô˵ǲĬ˰ŻмһģҶﷸԸֿʼˣܿٶȳϷѾͷ˼Ҳƫȥʲôá
ҪٻһӿʼϾڰ칫ңȻѾ°ˣǺٻǵı˿Ҫ˿

ٻһѲɱȫŲҶﻹһЦţǲʱɫͿΪߵȲ䵽СҶȻ󣬵һﻹǴĽ˳Ҫжҡ
ôˡͻȻҶҽһٻҲ˲ɬˣæתͷĵʵ
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ҶһµóȻǻȵĲУƷͷ֮ͿʼڵˣͼֿٻŵǹڣϧվʧˣǴŽرգû˿ɶǰס
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Ҷпһ䣬Ŭ֮»ʧ֮òпʵٶȿʼݲǶԺ촽ҶķʪǣԽֱյ˼֮࣬ڿֻˡ
ӹ󣬺ٻоԼ촽еľˣһûһֹͣ˼ҡô죬ȥ촽϶ˣôˡ
ţٻٶϧǲã֮ſĽҧһ޷ļһϧĳ»ݸһɶҶͷ͵ĺˮһ㣬Ŀ˽ȥ
ٻ֮£ֻΪ߱ϵ۾ĳֻĳһ˿ûԾ˼䱾
ٻ΢΢һ̾ǿʵһʱ˵ͷһ׷սٻͣĶܣҶǺֱײ
ӹҶͣ˹Ȼû˵ŭУһδķֿ͡
޳ܡ촽ѵõţٻͽһ䣬һ§ţҲ
ҶٺһЦһĿż˵ĺĿԣʱŨŨת
ǰһˡٻ΢΢һ̾ǿʵ
˱ˣſң˿áһû˿ſԼ˼֮ºٻֻܳѡ
ҶٺһЦջźߵ˫ۡһ˵ôˣϱһʲô˵ġ
һٻﵽ˼㣬˭ϱǻûнأôϱˣҪҪôԴ󰡡
ҲŲϱõţٻæһ·ӵĻؾһ䡣
ʱҶҲźٻһɵЦٻûĵһһȻ˿ɫ˵춼ˣǿؼҰɣˡ
Ҷһע⵽ɫʱڲѡ֪Ѿˣո˵ʲôҲӦþô׵ķſѾͷҪ﷢һЩѪڵ飬ǲ̫ˡ
ϱҪҪٴһɡҶһĿźٻǲ˵
һֵôԣٻҪǲʲô˼ǾͲǴŮܲˡ϶ʱһ˿գû˵ҪžʹŰɣȻȥ˰˵ŻٻһŤСȥ
Ҷ￴ŶһĻĻܵæϼ˵ĽŲ
˴¥ʱ򣬵һֱûˡҹıѾûʲô˴ˡ¥ſڵʱֵҹССþûҶˣô˼Ҷӹ˾߳ʱЩɻҶԱߵĺٻʱ˲ʲô
Ҷ磬ôﰡþûˣҲҡСһЦ˵һɵɨˡ
ٻһһɫǽһƬһһֻ־ͿʼҶĨȥϮҶ΢΢鴤СڣֻǿװЦӦ⼸Щ飬пվ͹һ¡ʱȥ㰡
СٺһЦ͵˵ͷֺ˼Ҷͺͺٻͣȥ
ΪҶҲǿģԺٻֱҶĳԼĳ
ҸĽˡСһĻ¶һ˿΢Цڴͬʱ뵽˹˾ǰ̨ӴСҲǻǰԭǸӴ˼ҵĲţĿ궨Сϡ
Թ㣬åԺ󣬺ٻһ˵ոС϶Ǻ˼ˣҪļһԼôôε顣
ҶٺһЦȴӲ磬˵ϱȥԷɣϻûԷأеˡ
ٻôһ˵ҲǸоЩˣ滹ЩһĵĴϳô໹ֲǶͶ̥
Ҷһ֪Ѿͷ϶أû£Ц˵ҪҲˣϻȥҳˡ
޳ܣ
⻰ٻаһ䣬ϵ첻˵ˡ֪һﶷմ˱ˣΪ˱ٴγԿѡ˳ĬӦԺߵ޳ܡ
ҶһЦרĿҹĽǱһζȻûķ羰·ߵɫĵƹ⣬ҲǺûġҶ￪ųʱῴ档ĻЩĸоְս޷ģ˵Ķϧ뵽Ժ飬΢΢̾ϢںĬȻУһӴȥ򡭡ҶЩһҲԸȥ룬Ըˡ


274 ǵҲ
ɫıʱ㴩ڰҹĵƺУ˶ЩĬ顣
ʱӾͳ˴ŽߵķȥʱٻҲע⵽·ߵĲԣ̲ס̧ͷҶʵҶȥĶ˵Էʲô
ҶﵭһЦ˵㻹ǵϴǸ·С̯ɣûʲôóԵģǵȥԵ㣬һ˳һҹ
ٻ⻰һЦû뵽һô룬ǹɵĵ˵ͷų⿴ȥ
ߺϱô˵˰Ǳҵΰ黳˰ɣٻӻ磬Ҷ̲סһ
ˣҪĲǴѡĬΪоԼ֣ܿͻ졣ٻôģúܺãҶɫԽԽڡ
ôоԼСһˣѾͷ߯ˣͲܽӸһޱǿģôĹϵ˵ѿĺ
Ҷһ̧̫ͷٻֻôһͳʧ档ҹעʱ򣬺ͷϵĺڷҲ궯衣͸żļ϶ҶܿϢĺ覴õաѾͷﰡҶипͬʱҲѣһռǿҶҲ⣬ʹģһĪ˲䱬ĸо
һпҶﲻò˼רĿΪʱ·೵Ҫǲ뷢ֻʻӡһͿԿеҹŶôҡ
СʱҶｫͣͣλϣһ˳ŰºԳʪĿҶĴ˲ѵࡣ
ٻƺҲһ̳׵ķ֮ʲ΢΢ſ˫ۣµ°ͻ̧𣬶˫Ҳպϡ
Ҷվ󣬿ź̬̲סһÿĻȡǵڶμĺٻ˴ƬϿһ֮⣬ʵǵһΡʱĺٻǷĵģ޷ݡ
˿һ䷲ӣƺһȥеķԼȻõǶݵģҶ𾪵ʱٶ۾תǲ̫ϰԼɫ΢΢Щ졣
תͷȥʱ򣬲ɵ㶣ΪʱҶһЩƺʲô档ڷɼǣٻһη֣һļһﾡȻ˵һ棬ĨÿĻȡһʲôʱôˣ
ٻ΢΢һЩ뵽˵ʱܹ񣬺ٻԸԼһ̱˰ͣϧĳЩ˵Ķòƺûѵõû汻һơ
ϱǿȥԷˣˡҶﷴӦæڨڨһЦ˵Լոտ϶һ࣬תС̯ȥʱ̲ס͵͵ǣƺǵſˮһ
ףôûаҶЩ˵Լı£ôĻôҲҪһĹôڸɸɵġ
ʲôûаٻ·ȴͻȻżһһ䣬ɻ֮æʵ
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˺ܿС̯֮ǰΪתԵʣС̯ⲢǺܺãȥҶҲͿڳŶϰƺЩӡһæʱĴк
ߺСִŮ˰ҪԵʲô̯ﾭӪѾ˺ЩˣΪʵζټΧķ羰һֱܺãҲкܶࡣҶһȴӡΪ̣һŮ·е˧ŮƯһԽͯŮϡÿС̯ӶЦЦģû˿ӡСźܴĺøС
ҶǰΰԼ˵С죬ָ˵ãԴϴ֮ȺҲûˣ˵ĶˣǮҲʮˬ졣۵ΪЩǱҶѵ֮ģҶﻹǺܸмġ
ϹأᣬһƿơӡϱԵʲôҶ￴źٻʵǵúϴԵϹߣ֪Ҫʲô
Ҫ߰ɡٻһ˵ϴθоߵζܲԹĴ߶óԣɴҪһߡ
ϣԵϾϡһЦ漴ܹȥæҶͺٻ˸ɾΪĵȴš
ϱոյӸоرһǵһοȷĵڣҶҸ˵˵ķΧôҲԼᣬҶҪղԾǾԼˡ
ٻüë΢΢һûо˼Ѱζʵôر𷨣˵˵Żٻ̲סҶ˫ڵӡոĨ֪ͣûʣʲô
ҶٺһЦһ˵оرǸոճȸһɵĸо
ô˵ٻȻ΢΢ЦЦǵȸʱжʱЩˡô˵ʲôȸСǸŮòãٲҲֻС񰡣ôͳȸˡ
ߣȸܡвˬ֮£ٻһƶķ˵ͬʱһСȭʹġ
ѾͷǸ߹ǧ֮ŮܲôоһҰŮһźٻСģҶʱò˵ĺ߶㾡ĸоȻҲ˵ĺٻͲԸ㾡ȫˣֻҶиʹϧڵĺٻĶǰ⡣
Сȸ˵Ȼ˧ĵҪô룬ҾίһԼӡҶɧ˦һЩԳͷһ˵
ٻû뵽һ޳ܵľѾֵز֮һӵ˵أӣ
һ⻰ҶϵͶݱΪһĨ㵡˵ôתۼͱˡ籾ôûԼ뷨ȥ
ݣĹҪľ籾˵۰ɣ
ŭһҶڨڨһЦײǽͷ˵ҲܣҾӡ
׻˵ûĻ£ԼԵˡٻ仰̲סпһһм˵׳յҲܰɡ䣬ٻԼ̲סЦ
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ҶȻ֪뷨ʱ˶ЩˡٻǾ仰ɱһĴҶЩЦá֪ѾͷôɣѵǳԼڣ͵ѧ˱£ȻԼֲɣ
ҶһƵı飬ٻʱˬɫǣ۸С㣬ǿҡܵ˳ͷ˰ɣ


275 ż
ףôⰡ˵⻰ʱԱͻȻһҶͷһòĳȣһμӦںͺٻĶʽϣһʱˡ
ٻ΢΢һЦ˵ȣҲԶһҶ㻹ԱŲŲ¡ٻԴԼ˻ǺģȻԼĵ֡ҶһģٻæŲһŲӡ
ҾͲ˰ȵһЦȻ˶˵ҶȥĶˣþûˣⲻиܲδޣ̰ɣ
Ҷû뵽λŮһ¾ԼĲ磬һȴٻ˻ͷ
ûŮҪǻһõķϣͰˡ˵ŻٻһƵĿŷ㶵Ҷ˼ԣҾǺˣôţ
ѾͷӮ˰ҶﱾΪԼģκںٻɱ˵֮£ֻѡݱܷâеǺúǰùҹɡ
´Ůôңǿ˰ɡҶһ̲סϷһ䣬˭óôûɫţҪǾ仰ԼҲίȫ
ȵһЦҵǶ˼ϧĳòûˣ
⻰ҶһЦаһԼ׳գ»Ҳ֪ĵϷ˼ңǲ𡣻гͲͣһ£·
Ҷʱ򣬾͸оԱһҲ֪ԼǻˡκгԱߣҲ˼ȥֺúٻ
˵˼Ⱦ뿪λ˲ˣʱҶǰĶҲںٻк£Ҳǿʼ̯ϣٵ㡣
Ҷʲôʱˣ͵˸ơˣͲӶ˰ƺûоʹ˷ŹҶ˼ϵĹơٶȳҲ硣
ҪʲôһֿʼˡҶﶼʼԼǲΪûп²˳
ųأȾƣ˵ơͦúȵġҶֻ֮ӲͷƤ͵
⻰ٻﻹô£ȶЩҶǼǵúһǰȹһΣòƵʱˣȴһ鶼ûУһȥġ
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ܸıʲô𣿳ʹǲܡȲԼĵѡֲʵʲô
ȣôˣٻų˼ӣ̲סʵ
ȻعҲæԼ˼˵û£Щˣһ໹ûϢء
Ҷһ񣬾֪˵ٻҲûнҴߵ˼ٻô˵΢΢һЦ˵ǾͿ꣬ȥϢ
˵ŻʱϵʳѾĲˣȰѳȵĶˣ˲δĽ뿪˽ߡΪҲǿģ뿪֮ͺ˷ֿˡȥ·ϣҶ￴źٻЩƣˣҲǰĿųûڵϷߡ
صԺ󣬺ٻ˵һ;¥һϴ裬˯һҶ￴Ҳû˵ʲô׼߰ĦʲôģֻǱٻ붼ľ;ܾˣһı̫ˣĦ˳ֻǽڣմմԼı˲ʵ뷨
ص֮Ҷϴ˸ڷ﷢òһʱԼûˣܻصǰõˣ뵽˶ࡣ
ʱ绰ͻȻҶв˭ϵĴ绰Ҳ̫ûˣҪԼڽĳЩܱ飬Ļñ
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ϴҲǴĺ°ɣССʵһﻰһ˵ͿʼЦ˿ûеҶӡЦҶɫʱʲôдҵĺ£˼Ͳһ㣬ôĺ𣿻аҪݣСܾͲС
һȥ˵£绰ʲô顣ѹеĲҶܿ͵ʵڶԷʩ˼޵еļ£ҪǻԼҲˣõĽ취תƻ⡣
Ҷô˵СͣС˷ܵ˵Ҵ绰ҪһϢոյϢɭǸһоִˣƹ˶þҪˡ
һ⻰ҶüëһǸһﱻˣҲ̫ˣѵڻĵľѾָĵز
ϢǼٵİɣô뻪ľɻ֮£Ҷ̲סϢ
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Сô϶ҶҲǲƽڿЩСƻľˡܽԼͬΪӶ֮һĽɭץסЩһ㡣
˵£Ҳû䣬Ҷ͹Ҷ˵绰ڽɭȻˣôζǳԼľԶȡˣҶһЩͬʱҲЩˬҪ֪Ϊξ˺ĴӹŹһˣû뵽ڼɵ򣬳һա
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ҶһܲͽɭõĽϾ֮Ľ̫Ĳȷشڣ鷢չһ˵ҲǸϢܿ뵽᲻ǽɭΪԼʹõ۷Ͼһõıô׵ȥ̫ˡοǰдһﱻˣǺúõĳ˽С
ţҶ;ҸʱϵһԶӦǽоͷͷˣ֪һϸڣҶҲܴзһЩߣԸҵŵ飬ҲǣͷԼṩ鱨ôҲҪлһµġ
е˼·֮ҶҲɽ˴˯һʱ̫ѾɹƨϣҪǺٻŽͣƻء
۾򵥵ʰһ£Ҷ߳䳯ųȥʱٻѾŪʳһ￰֣ʱ̲סһԼǮıڼԽԽˣҪԼҪ𴲣ԼŮܲö˱ķˡ
ϱô簡ٻҶڨڨһЦ˾ܰ׳յĻ
Ļͼȥ˯šٻû˵֪ܵļһһۣⶼ˵˻磿治֪ԼôͿһ
ٻĻһҭҶεЦЦһֺõ߽ȥʼʳ
һ˴۵С۵нٻʰ֮¥ԼĶˡʱȴһһĵڿţжʱ


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㻹Ÿȥϰˣ
ϰࣿҶ΢΢һ㶶ʱӦ˹óʱûϰ⵵ˣںٻȥϰ࣬ʱ
ϱҽ컹һЩ飬ҪȥɡҶһֺõС˵ӿںٻȴоһ¿ˮ̡
ߣҪǽ첻ȥ¾ûйˣԣ¸ҲˣµĹѾˡٻһһв˵֪ʲôԵʣϣһܺúõϰ࣬ܿһ
⻰Ҷʱ˵ûϰ࣬˹类ְˡԼⲻǲ̫ˡ
ϱºɲܿҹˣһָǮأҪǱ۹ˣͷҶȢˡҶһ˵һ۵׵Ц⣬ȴôβסúٻһ
Ҫ˭˵Ҽ޸ˡٻɫ΢΢һ죬һ
Ҷæڳһ˵˵㲻޸Ҽ޸˭ǲбˣϱɲҿֻһˣ㲻ҡ
һԽ˵ԽûˣٻʱһСһŤſȥҶѾ޵еĵزٻԼǲܶɣ˵ȥԼԿ
ϱ㻹ͬˣǸ۹ʲˣźٻԼܣҶһЦںĽе
һ̫ˡУҪסһҪסȻĵˡٻһ߼ӿٶһԼǵſ̲סһåȥɡ
ٻ˵ҶﲻĵĹЦֱ̫ˣżСѾͷòһܲ顣
ٻ뿪ҶһҲţǴֱӴ绰Զʽɭģһ£ǾԼȥֿҪܼһһòܲ׽һЩϢ
֮ǰǸԶ˸绰ȷһºλãõʱԼһˡ
Ҷϵܣ㾹ȻҴ绰һ벻ˡ绰һͨԶͿʼ٩ҶϧʱһһĸоҲ˦ƹԼһŪãʧӰ٣ǰԶ˼绰ʾҶֻڹػ״̬Բһ
ҶٺһЦæ˵ϸĻҲЩæҲûϸ绰㿴һʱˣ绰ʹ˹
Զһ⻰϶ʱһڣһ治һ޳ܣֻܱĳҲǲװԶҲûϼƽϵ˼֪һ²δ绰϶ʲô顣ֱӾʵ˵ˣͱˣ˵˵ʲôɡ
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ʱھ˺ҶﵭһЦ˽ȥʱѾվӣſӭ˹ҶһʱЦ
Ҷϵܴݹ٣ҵʧԶӭ죬ȻǴ˹ǻһھЩ׻ҶֲЦˣҶȻԼ뷨ֳ˵ϸĻǸ鷳ˣôͼӭҡ
αĿһóϺõĲҶҶԼֱһҶȻҲо˼֪һڹڹٳϻķˮġôлԼʲôģҲÿ
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һüͷ˵֪Ҷϵ潻أֻԶԶĿһۡ
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ѹһʣǵҵİοҶﰵһźĿҲһЩô˵ҲǵԼİοһë
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ȻһҾȥɣһʲôͻ״Ҳܱ˴չһ˵һȫķҶ仰϶ʱЦɭ϶Ҫ˵һЩģҪǺȥͻ಻㣬ĿǰҶﻹ뱩¶Լ
ϸ˵Цˣ治Լȥˡ֮Ҷֻٶ˵ôᶨҲֻܵ˵ͷͬˣһʹҶﳯȥ


277 ûа׵Ľɭ
ţܿʹҶ˹ѺɭĵطߵſڣҶ΢΢ͬһĺšﲻ΢΢п߶ڽɭ˵Ǻݺݵһֵط˵ɭܲȥһֻӣҲɲȥ
ˣһСһ㣬עⰲȫǸһϾΣվǰһ»ͷٴζҲ˵ģҴûյ顣
漴ŵ밴һ룬һﵹûбҶ˼Ҷ˺ܶࡣ
ȥɣ˫ֱţӦûʲô¡嵭˵Ͳһԡ
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绰Ҷ΢΢һ漴һЦȻתſڳͣĵطȥһٶúܶ˹עȷʵɵơֲ˲Ʊɪɶ


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Ҷ˵ͷ˵ҵȷʵ˼ϸڶע⵽ˣҪǿԼ·û仯һΪԼĴԽء


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ʱĺٻ̲סˣǰ˵ϰͱˣһǶǮ㡣
͹Ǹͣȵ㰡ϰٺһЦһĻҶⶼʲô£ǵۿ𣿻Ѿͷ֪ô£Ҫ¶ͷΣǹİɣ
ϰܿˣٻ֮󣬾һõҶ߳ˡ¥һϣ̲סŶСиЩỨ
ϱǹˡźٻӣҶյһЦ󲻻Ŀźٻ
̫ˣɲԹңҲ룬ôҪ㸶ӣΪǴԽ˰ٻһЦһ߱ӵ
ô˵ҶŷӦ˹ΪԼֳʧȥһЩжϰסܹ𣬴ͷβСǿ͹ٵģǵطװγܲϷ
СѾͷҳЦңҲʰ㡣Ҷݺݵ˵һ䣬͸򸱼ʻĺٻںٻûӦʱһץס˺ٻε
쵰ſңˡٻۣʱӵⶼʲôˣǶһҪ۸ңǲǸˡ
ҶĴֱӺ˺ٻĻ˫ںߵţúٻŲͬı顣
С㻹ҵңβú㣬Ͳ֪ʲôиϹӡҶһźٻһȤζ뵽Ƥıֱ¶˳ѾϹԾˡ
ҶŹҰɣҴҲˡٻżһûŹԼ˼ֻ֮ĵ黻ǰĺٻ϶ǲܵģѵĻָŮԣһ㶼ûвӦĸо
Ĵˣô˵ı飬ҶһᣬںٻܲܰסҪԼˡ
ĴˣûһˡٻҲϣæСװĵͷ
ǽһϹҶһЦϷ˵
ϡҶȥɡٻֻŰһʱûӦг֮̾ͱȻһѾסĳ⣬һʮת
ʱһɱĲҽ


280 ޳ܵ
ϱأԣˣҪˣֻ붺һ¶ѡ
Լ˵ʲôãҪ˵ǾһϹĻ仰µĺǣٻһ·ԼСĹƺһһҶ֪ѾͷҲûֻǱԼ˵Ĳ˼ѡϾȻǶ˻飬ϻǼٶ飬ټϺٻѾͷƤ˵ɬǿ϶ġ
Ҷô˵ٻ˸ۣһǲ˵ŪĬһΣòʽ
ϱҪҸ㽲ЦɡҶһ߿ųһС˵ȻʽãôҶ;Լļӳһ㣬˵ʱٻһ̲סЦǾͽԴϲˡ
ٻû˼Ҷ²⣬ȴû֮԰ڳ⸱ĹĵģΪ֪ҶһֱǸ˼ȽϴͳŮոҶǾ仰ͱһ㴰ֽһʱӦ
ǸɶļһͲܱһҰһ𣿻ҪЦЦܽʲô
׶԰һСŮʦ̰ʮܻʦ˵ܡҽʮܻʦشܡСŮСҰܻʦЦһ˵ܡ
ﺮٻԾ˶䣬Ȼ֪Ц˳ɲʲôģǺģҲ⡣ϧо仰УͲĳ˽ͻȻ죬ƺЦôˡ
Ӧûİɣļһô˵ˣˣǵ𣿺ٻ뵽漴;һ˼Ǻٻһƫͷ򳵴档
ϱ벻֪ģҶٺһЦջڴ⺮ٻ˵ϧٻѾעⲻģȻ硣
ǣԱߵСкٺ٣˵û°ɣ㻹Ҫż

ģٻûʲôһºܿʲô˼ˡҲ̫Ǹɶ˰ɣȻ²⻰һ㶼ûҪһһΣʵǱȵ컹ѡ
޳ܡһٻûĵȻͷǳŴģǱĶ˭Զ
ٻˣҶﲻϷЦòõĲСо仰Ͳ֣㲻˵ֳĬȻڵĺٻϹˣҶڴġ
ٺ٣ϱ˵ˣѾˡҪ˵ɣ˵ˣҲں༸ɡҶһЦһε˵
ٻ仰ͶʱˡǱһģǾһĳЩѾ޵еĵزʲôвҪǲҪռ״̬ɡҪһųٻɻȥֱһ
УһҪסס
ٻﲻͣĸԼһҶһһ㶵ġ
ϱôҪٽһ֤ЦƶƤо仰гȴҶ÷ٻոзӦˣԼôҲҪץסᣬǡ
ţҶͳʼЦڴͬʱ͵͵עźߵķӦ
ǰ
ָһڣҶ͵طһɱ˵ĺӺٻб˵Ҷæס졣ʲôҲֺѸ㽲Ц㻹ҪôҾܺðһΪ˼ͥгôҲǻԼ˰ɣѾͷôβءˣ˵ʲôҲҪ˵
Ҷţܿ͸жֻӿڵǰһһͷɰССͨԣ˺ϲһ˳ȥιСˣС˻ԺСˣǵץģû취ϸСЦ
ȥˡٻ̲ˡ׻˵ǿ벻̣ٻԼѾ̵̲ĵزˡһﾹȻԼ쵰ֱǸ쵰ôŮӻĵͲ˵˸Ů˽ЦҪ˵Ѿǹİɡ
ٻһƵĿԼҶʱЦǴﵽԼĿģĺʲôҶźٻԼôģһٶʮġ
Цʲôúÿٻһ˵òһļǡôȫץסԼ˼Ȼּĳ嶯Ǻٻû취ܲһɡֻתƻˣȻȥ϶ԼԿ
һ·Ц֣ӺܿͿ˽ҽԺˣ֮ͣ˾˳סԺȥյĲֻܴҽԺԷʲô⡣Ҳû취顣ʱȴվȻڡ
֣ôڰѵǳȥԷˣٻ˿յĲЩ˵
Ҷһ£˵ǰɣҪȴ绰ɡ
ٻһ˵ͷ漴ͳ˵绰ͨյĵ绰
绰ܿͱ𣬺ٻæʵ裬Ķأˣ㲻ڲ
ԱߵĲţÿҽԺŰװ׵ǽڣټͣ¶ԺԱߵĲһǲįķʽٻԼˣæ˵˰ȵȵȰϻھڸڵĲŰء
ô˵ٻǷղڲżֻҶߣֵܱ̫ԣһܵһıӡ
ȥˣ绰ﴫҶЩʵٻԵ˵ͷҲû˵ʲô
һʱ䣬վʹƿ˽ˣ϶ʱ¶һ˿ܰ漴Ц˵˵Ҳ绰СҶվ°ɣԼ˻ʲô
ҶٺһЦ˵վû£ĸɡ
Ҷ˵ʱ򣬺ٻҲ͡
ѾϰﱻӵĴˣһһΣÿζǸһ˵ĸŮף⻰һ㶼ûٻţͻȻЩԣôĸŮˣⲻֲһƲԼô뷨ˡ
ЩɬٻʱЩܿͰԭƵҶϣҪһÿ첻Լǰ˵Լôô롣
ٻɫı仯ȻûӹҶ۾Щ΢εգҶֱΪѾͷϴε飬ԲŻ¶ֱ
ǵĿɰСŮˣͷһҪټӰѾȡͻߡҶţһЩ䵽ٻУͳһζ
һ̫ˣ϶뵽˶ĵ飬ҲעⳡϡţٻֱŭĿĳһۡĳҲһ㶼飬Ͼпɽˣֱӷ˸ۣһƵĿźٻ
СѾͷɲ㣬ҿıҪǾͼˡ
ȿȡһʱͿʼ۵Сû취ֻװſˡڵôྫһ򶼲Źŵʱ򣬺ܿע⵽һ㣬ǾǺٻı仯ֱ仯Ǵϴ˰ݷԼʱˣһΣٻı仯ˡ
ձ˶ԣϣٻжжǿƣԸ⺮ٻһЩСŮ˵Ϣ޻Ц֡ںٻľ˽ġԴӸĸ˫֮󣬾һֱųģٻԼŮ˵ﲻۣǼٵġ


281 ĵŮ
ոɿ˶ЩεĿ⣬󣬺ٻǸҶһζ
˵գôӦþˣԼôȷʵЩӦá˼ҵĴڣǲӦá
ĸôҶЦһһѯʵ˵
ôʣе͸δŮԽԽ˳ˡ΢΢һЦܿ˵أԵú˯㣬ûʲô⣬ǾͷİɣԼҾҸˡ
ô˵ٻ۽΢΢һʪ˵裬˵ʲôأôܲ㡣
ٻĺڷﾡǴȰһЦ˵ɵѾͷû˵ǲңҵ˼Ǻú
һʱŨˮҶЩĪζ˼飬ļûҲһź֮źźҶǰԼһͦõģûиĸԼ˵òûʲôǵһ̣֪Լ棬Ŷ˼Ρ
ĸҸһɡѹеҶ΢΢һЦ˵ߵ֪ģʹûбֳκβӦҲ֪յĻʱϺ󣬱ԽԽ
ô˵һ£ݹԼֱۡǵϴҶǸԼţܶҽʵǲˣʱЩҶΪʲôһ֣Ѿ֪ԼŮòܡ
ָİյֲϣҶ΢΢ı۾רĵĸϢյЩңʱ΢ʱǿƵҲͣķϸ΢ı仯
Ҷϸĸһ۾ǰƲ޼յ״Ѿʼ񻯣Ҫǲôصĺ
ôٻҶæʵ
Ҷһ£͵͵ĸһ˵ûʲôҪǽͿˣҿ״ɹļʻǺܴġֻҪɹ˾ܳȬҶ˵Щһ󲿷˵áһЩҶ֪Ҳ˵ܵӰ졣
ҶݸԼټҶô˵ٻ΢΢һЩѹտ˵һָԼģԼЩΪ֧ٻţҲںܶط˶ԺչˡҶĳֺòеúչ˵յʱȴյѾһ㡣
ԼܾТ˼ҵ֮𣿺ٻһЩҪʧˣǸô죬Ϳ˼ţԼھһӡھʲôã
粻ֹײʹĪ㣬Ϊ׵ʱȴһѾ̫ͽںޣھΡ
Ҿ˵û°ɣ㿴ⲻúõġҶĻæ˵⻰ǰοԼǰοٻֻԼˣȻ֪
£еȻЩҶĿԵ£΢΢ůһҳҶͺٻ͸Ȼ뿪ˡ
ϱôôͻȥҶЩʵǰǰҽԺҲʹСʱʱ䣬ҶýʵЩ֡Ҫ֪ǰٻһһ죬ÿζճ˷Żؼҡ
ҡٻƺ˵ʲôֲ֪αԼġǲţһ뵽ҶǸЩ£ոЩܲ˵ĸоѡʱӱܿԼС¶쳣
ȻȥɣЩˡٻ˿忿αϣ˫ۣϵƣҶЩ֪ٻۣۡԼôӦأҶЩ
пգҶҲûгźٻһİϵϰȫȻɫıʱ·ϻʻţҶʱῴ򸱼ʻϵĺٻǲüϿԿյӰȷʵܴ
ôأ
ҶЦһʼʾ֭Ű취˼ǰҲû뵽еİ취ϣҶȻýЦֽķʽ⣬ֻʵ䷴
ΪҶԷ٣ԵӻصʱѾ˻ƻʱ̣ʼһֺͮͮսɽ֮УҹĻһҲǽٶ
ϱˡͣóӣҶ˵Ӽ˲ʱ΢𶯵۽ëϣ֪ٻû˯ȥֻǱ۾ѡ
Ŷٻ۾ķһû˺ġ˳ܿͻص˱ٻҲû˼һƵ¥Ҷ￴һĻЦһѾͷǳû״̬ˣ˰ɣʲô˵ɡ
ҶƵĻص䣬Щĵεʱ仹磬ûеϢʱ䣬ûЩĵЩܡ
֮£ѹ·ȥϴһЩɡ
ϴ֮ҶòƻûгأȻڡ¥˺ܶ࣬ѾЩˡ
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Ҷ¥ŵٻķſڡַŵģſһ׿ϸ졣֣Ҷƺٻôţѵ֪Լɣ
͸ϸ濴ȥȴƵķʲô֮£һȻԼͷڳһΪº͵Ц˽ȥ
ȥ֮ҶܿͷֺٻûڴϣվڴǰŴ޾ĺڰΪҶᶯԵʣԺٻûзҶҶǶȿʱĺٻܱߵһУγһĻе˶ƺ޾İգ΢΢ή٣ȴһ
ҪǻҶ϶Ը͵͵ͣǽ죬ѡ߹ȥ
ϱôˣҶߵٻʵ
ʻãһʾͳˡֻҶﻰ䣬ٻļͿʼ鶯ͲŵҲǴҶĶ
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Ҷ΢΢һ㶣æ˫ַں䣬ת˵Ľһžᣬ˳ǽ׵ļ޼ɵȥյȥ
Ҷкݺһʹ֪ʱ顣ǿСŮǲ¶һģȻһ̣¶ҹ͵͵Ŀˣ޵ôġ
ǲҶ￴Լһ棬˫ˮ۾ݺݵգ˼£ٻϵˮЩǿĽתһߡҶһƬ֪ߵ˼£ԼİŮѹҪľǽӰ뻳Уһůȫĸ塣
˫ֻƶٻ򴦣ҶĽ뻳УȻ˵ԣ޾Ϳ޳ɣ޳һ㡣
ҶֻٻͻȻһͣȻٶȱ˿ӱȽ䣬Ŀֻ֮ǰǿһ㡣ͬʱӱܵҶĻＷ˼ƺһЩ


282 
Ҷңô֮󣬺ٻֹסʵԭһֱĵ飬ҶǸ֮԰ˡ
Ҷԣûлش⣬Ĳżϵۡش⣬Ҷﲻ֪ԼӦզôش˵ʵ˵ٻЩûá
յԤв࣬ʱǰˣɹȻǳɹĿ̫Сˣֻаٷ֮ʮĻᡣٷ֮ʮĻᣬҲҶԼ߾ȫЧĲܱ֤ģҪֲӣǾ鷳ˡԼܺͺٻʵʵ˵ҶЩˡ
ʲô˵ɣҶˣЩܳܡٻ̧ͷĶҶ˫ٶȿ˵ô˵Ҷио˺ٻĺ¡
Ҷ΢΢üͷ˵ȻܲãһЩյģģһĸҶ˼ãǾ˵ٻ֪Լ˵ʵٻĵĸزܻģҪԺʲô飬ôȻûһлûз뺮ٻΪЩ飬촦˵״̬
˵𣿡ʹҶһƶô˵ٻвκǲ̫ŵʵ
ɵϣôƭأģһжġҶ΢΢һЦοԼĻÿţΨһ顣
Ըûƭң費ףֻôһˣͿһӦһġٻ˵ŷԼ֪ʱȻ§Ҷн֮£ſָоůҪůĸ塣
϶ƭ㣬ͷİɣˡҶٴΰο֪ٻڵ뷨뵣ǣԴľú߰ġͬʱҲ¶˾ģһҪֻաֻҪԼϵרҲ⣬Լһܡ
ҷſɣûԷأҸȥˡӵãٻҲ뵽˻ûгԷʵºС˵
ҶٺһЦ˽˫ۣҪ˵Լһ㡣һʱúٻһ
ϱҪǲԷˣҳɡ
Ҷʵһ壬ƺҪΪʡ鷳һٻĽѾ⿪ҶЩ죬һ¡յֶǵϷߵСѾͷˡ
ˣſЩˡٻ˸ۣЩ˵ⶼʲôˣոջһ˼Ҹж˺þãôһת۵ĹͱͲһֱţҪ¶
ٻô˵ҶڨڨһЦ¶һ˿ƻںٻûзӦʱѸٶӰȻһӰѺٻ˱ôǲ⡣
ʲôٻȻǱɵˣһʱЩ״Ψһ뷨һˣ϶ҪʲôˡЩһһɳʲôǸô졣
ҶһЦһĿЩļˡȻϷ˵ϱôӦʲôֲʲôֻǿ̫Ҫ¥ġ
˵ŻҶͱźٻſȥٻһ⻰ٿҶĶһʱĶˣ鱻һԭԼˣһ϶֪ˡ
Ҳһһ仰˵ͱҲܹҶ밡˵ôԼ뵽ķҲǲԡ
Լߡн߲ѣΣٻǺܲӦֹԿڼ˵ȻйܵĽӴֶǵһΣЩѿ
ҶٺһЦȴ𻰣Ѿע⣬Ϊٻһ仰ͰԳԳ¥ȥȻںٻһУź¥˳ſڲͣ
ܷ˰ɡٻûĵһһۣ߲ԼĻһ·ԼȻкߵĲˡڴͬʱٻЩĶĸоѵҶչֳ쳣İٻоԼҪֶصϢˡ
Ҷ⻰ٶһ˿ƻ˼˵µǲԣиֻҪҾͰ
ٻû뵽һﾹȻ˵Ļ϶ʱЩߵҪв㱧ң㣬㻹˼˵Ҳ̫Ǹɶ˰ɣ
Ȼ룬ǿҶһƶӡٻ治ɵЩ飬ϾһҪǴԼòҲû˿취
ʲô˼ãٻջѡʵЭ׻˵²òͷǶ仰ˡֽļһһƢҲûС
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Ҷ΢΢һ㶣˼˵ֻҪһڣҾͰ
޳ܰ
Ȼ֪һﲻ׷ԼԼܷŹԼҲ̫޳˰ɡУԸȻԺ϶
ŵʱ򣬺ٻͻȻǰҶҲôϴЭˡڿһһǳͷôҪԼġԼʱȻôһ찡
ţٻһֻ־˳ҶֱۺĿյ˹ȥȻź⣬Ҷо˵϶ʱЩˡ
Ȼ֪ġٻյЦЦ˵СΪ޵˰ôô浱ŮǺ۸ģأҪǶˣҾ㳢ʮ̡
ϱ𰡣ͷ˵ŻҶæ׵ӰѺٻ׻˵úǰȨСħҶһ»ǾˡʱͻȻǰǸٻͦõģôͳԼ֡
ڻָˣٻһͬʱСһŤԺУҪٷжԸ֤ã뵽ﺮٻЦѡ
СѾͷԽԽɶˣҸ취һЩˣȻԺӿ϶ùˣռһ±˶ǸˡҶ￴ż뿪Ӱ΢΢鴤һ¡һļƻȻʧˣΪ⡣
ҶЩˣԼס⣬ǰǺ޵ġ
ʮԺ󣬺ٻѾѷˡܼ򵥣˼˳ԺҶ˼ٴλոûռˣԱˣǲܶ˼ˡ
źٻʰϵ룬ȻҪ¥ȥҶļ֮£æ˹ȥ
ʲô˻᷿ϢʲôżһԼٻʱЩϵĲȥϢԼҪʲôѵҪ˯ɣһҲ̫˰ɡţٻɫʱò۾ǲĶĳ˵䡣
ĳһ϶ʱһ亹źۼԼȻһ˵ϱҿˣոջҳԣұģ˵ʲôҲҪа㱧ȥǡ
ȥٻһλԼˣǵҶһȴβס飬֪ԼûһǳΪһҾͲŤһˡ
ȥ˯и಻ֹٻһһһֱת¥ȥ
ŵŵšŸ߸Ьľ¥ݵײһ¶һĨôˣֻǺѣΪʲôҪôľֻ뱧һ£ûб˼
ҶţٻȻ֪źٻʧӰֻһ۵߻˷䡣


283 ڰɱ
صҶҲû˯⣬֮óûг̣ԼһǰڵҹաǶܿԶĵƺƽĽг
֪ҶѾϰжϲϲָӣϲǰƽǸֵЩڲϵ׷̼ԼսЩھһкȴſֿɵõƽ
ΪҶﲢûпƵԵʣԷһƬڰ̵ֽĵȼĿԿƵŨŨУҶôͷɵָоȻλãûϲԼһ̼С
ֵܣ֪Ǳ߹ĺòãǲǻǸս֮ڹ֮ıǲǻǰ㿴緢ʵȴ̫಻ʡ
ҹĺܺãٻٻһչ˺õģģ
Ժ뵽˹֣Ƕڵӣںڰ¶㾫⣬ƺʱʵʵơ
ʱڿٻһֵϣһɫͣһ۵·ڹսǡ
̡ű˴򿪣ϺܿΪ׵һ˿ߣϴųĽӣ¹¶ܷˡ
վˣ˶һīɫװϵıԴ˳Ժûб˵ĳ༸ûв࣬һ˫̥Ψһ˵Ƥɫһһڡеϵ˿ˣһֱϳ˵ݡûֻ֣һ򵥵ĴšڰסˣһǰٽеʱһȷѪ꣬󱻽еһչ¡
СӦ˯ˣǹȥɵºֱӻסҪºۼͷĮ˵һ˿ײĵ
⻰˵ͷͳźٻķȥͷӿһĻ¶һ˿Ѿж֮ԼİˡʱԼĵλȥѹܶƽʱԼˣջʽǮܳװǸ˺ܾõŮˡ
ߺߣô˶֣ҪǵˣԺӾүˣǳ档ٻţջǳΪҵĵʯͷз·ѾЩ׷׳ԼƮ϶Щ˷Ǯ˻ȨƣЩһ˵ջжô顣
ϧǸˮѾͷô˹˷ѵģҪܡͷԼĴεʱͻȻǸĿƬϲЩаǸС椲һƯҪŪȥ϶һ׮ϧ̯ٻţ̯Լִֻݻˡ
еͷопЩҶ֮´򴰻˿ϯҶľʱࡣҲò˯⣬һʱʧӰ١
Ҷڴϵȴеɢʱһϸ΢ĽŲĶ䣬Ҷһ˿󻺻
ҹģˣǼ鼴ҶģҪиСëһ顣ţҶ۾ͽĶŴ⣬ڲݵ£Լģɵϰߡ
ڴͬʱǰġڰס˴ʱǶס˽ŲбŵĴĬĶһۣһ
еİ״óһǹȻšǳŴȥ
ʱӵŵҶɫȻһ䣬Ĳ֮ͲʲôСëпҪ
ȻǹɱˡҶ΢΢˼ܿ͸˶壬漴˸˼ŶԲߡڶԷ£Ҷﲻ˿ɣΪǿڿѧǰչСġҶȻרҵĹӵСķš
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Ҷϣڹ۲һ֮󣬺ܿͳûвβƶӦĿߵӰˣҶһ˿мҲǻƶ
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ҶｫҪʱɫͻȻΪʱ˴ֳһӰ
ˣôܣǰͨŲͺбһˡǰšڿȫֻһֽͣǾһﶼǸ֣ںжʱȫһ£ŵҶС
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Ҷ֮Իô󵨵ĶģΪ֪ɱֶһԣܲ¶Լ£ЩǾԲᱩ¶ԼġǶǹᱩ¶֡
Ҷŵʱ򣬺Ҳע⵽˰׵Ķܿѹ˺ֱۣȻҡҡͷ׵Ķֹһ˿мǹŴͷλÿ
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һ˳ԼͼԣǾҪԼҶһܺõķᣬֻҪ˽ԼΧʱͻȻ־Уһ˷ӦǹҲܰеһﵱʹá
˫ľԭͲף԰׺ܿͿ˴ͷλãʱҲǷһ˿ԣֽ£ԼͷΡ


284 鷳
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׵ԺзͷǶɱֻ֣ǶƬ̣о˾ϣ漴Ȼǰ壬һȭͷӰΪһվڽ˵ɱ֣׾֪ԼƭˣеĽҲˡ֮ǹϵѡ˽
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ӦܿҶ￴һĻҲʲô˫һŴ壬̧ߣȻһߵͷλáڴͬʱһ˿мһɱֽսҶû˿ѹҪȭŹ򲻹һɱ֣ǾͲǱˡ
ɱʲôһȺںڰУһֶΣһļһ˵㣬רŶ˵ġȻҲһЩɱֻѡ͵ɱǲкýģʲô֡ҶôţǶԺߵıӣҲǶԼš
ʯ֮䣬˵ĹײһڴͬʱһߵĺҲǷæ˹
ԶҶ¶һ˿мڴͬʱµĶڸոһ֮£ǰǸһѾ˺һЩҶյٵǰȻٶһ˶Էؿڴ׻ûзӦͱһ߷ɣ˹ȥ
֮ôã˵жôʵҶһ˺ģкߴĵطڰһιȥˡ
ڽһ֮Ҷﲢûʲôͣ٣ΪڵĹҲǵˣҶǾȥδ֮ʣںȭͷͷʱҶֻܼæֱ۽ǰס˺ν
ǲ緢ˣڽ裬ȴǳҶͣЩŵʵ
ͣˣںԼ˵Ҷ˵¶һ˿䵭˵ѣΪԼܵ֡˵ŻҶȻ̤ǰһͼԣҪ
û뵽һ˵ŻʹʱһæԾһϧҶȫûֵͣ˼ٶȹ
ԣ뿪ʧܡһ߶ҶĽһ˵֪ƾһ̶̲ʱͽ˰׵ʵεȫûϣˡ뵽ľ˫һô˵סҪ
ҶЦһȴֹͣ˽Ķһмʵܷ𣿡
ˣʹǿƴһأܾˣǸһҶﻰ˼ڼæ˵˵仰ЩˣΪ׵غûûʲôսˡ
һ˶ûˡҶЦ˵΢΢һէ֣ںڻûзӦʱ򣬾Ļ˯Ѩϡֻоǰһڣ͵˵ʧȥ֪
׳աҶЦһ˵˼ôһΪ߲ûпǹԵʣҶԼûʲôʧֻǰ˴ˣûѡֱӽǵ
Ƭ֮Ҷε̾˿Ȼӳ˴⣬ԼҲ˴⡣ܰһڱˣ˵˱Ҳûй˵ĵطΪ˲ٻҶ֮£ֻܽһڴ绰壬˴ߡһ˾ͲҪǵˣҶڻĹǹɱˣֻһˡ
·ߣҶ͸˸绰
塭Ϥĵ绰𣬺ɫʱһڣأǰϷĲˣû뵽˴绰
˭ҹĴʲô绰
尵һһֺõĺŲǣں߽ɱ˵Ŀ½˵绰
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Ҷû뵽һô֪Լϴ绰ȷʵЩϷʵ˵ϸôĻòǴŵ˰ɣ
Ϥ΢΢һ㶣æĻҶֵʱ϶ʱЩ
ԭҶϵܰոջΪأãҶϵܲҪҶûһƢҶԼĸǣȻż鷳ԼܸԼôûʵʺôǶҶԼҲԶԼ
⻰ҶﵭһЦ˵ϸĻҹ㣬ѾЩˣô
⻰ʱЦһջû˭ȻҲ⡣Ҷôĺ˵滹Ǻõġ
ܣҶϵҪʲôֱ˵ɣҪܰæ϶ƴǡ
Ҷһ˵ұ֮ͣϣһˣ˴ȥúʡ
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⻰һʱЩӦˡϴ绰Ϊ£Ӧòʲôɣһʲô˼ѵʲô顣
Ҷϵܾܲ˵˵ô£Ҫ鷳Ҳöˡһ»ʵҶ˵ɣ֪¿϶С£ҪȻҶҲԼ
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绰ԺҶЩĵ·ߵȴţԺٶȣٵðСʱԼǲӦʲô̫ˡ
ţҶȱԼεǸǰȻһڶԷ䡣ʹ֮£׺ܿת˹ԼǰҶʱһ
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ߺϹ˵ǺӲҶЦһЩ˵
㲻˷ʱˣԣҪɱҪϤ㣬ʲôģ˷ʱˡ˱ӹзŭͬʱЦһ˵
Ҷһ͵ض۾ĶŰЩҵȻһƶ˵˵˵ɲ㣬кܶ취㽻ҪҵĻ͵ҴЦ
ߡҶвײмһˣܸɴתͷһߡ
һĻҶüͷԭԸ񣬺߸ôûˣڲͬҪͨˣҪʱͨҪԼҶԼĳŵ
˼һᣬҶҲףֻóöں߻ûӦ£˺ߵϡ


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סѨҶӵʮǸѧġֻһǾȫƹΪʲ
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ҶһЦôһ֪ˣģܿͻʲôˡ£ҶеϷתΪ⡣ַȻΥ˵壬ҶﲻǸظˣοڵ˵ϡ
Ҷô˵һ˵ʱ仺Ĺȥ׺ܿͷЩоԼЩطЩַͣ͵ĸоˣĸоָоżǿơ
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㵽׶ʲô쵰ʮԺ󣬰̲סЩŤʹ໥һ𣬿Щֲ
ҶﲢûΪԷԼ΢ЦſһĻҲû˵ʲôڵȣȫȵΪϷĿߣҶ㹻ʱ档ⳡϷעǻʤߡ
šŹңҡ׵ĻЩ״ʼġޱȣǧֻԼһ¸оһһһ񾭣ʱİѾǽӽˡ
Ҷ￴ı֣ĵӦǲˣһĮ˵Ҵ𰸣Ұѡ
Ҷ˵˶ڰ˵ǸǵҶ˼Ժ¶һ˿Ѱɵ³ǵԼ˵𣿾ӹһ٣ҲһڵȴԼһӲпᡣ
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ҶЩʧҡҡͷ󿪿˵һӲȻ뿼ҵԣǾɣеʱ档˵ŻҶԱ̧ۿԶģƺԱߵһж޹һ㡣
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Ǵ˯һأţЩҶЩϷʵʵһ⻰һʱûӦЩɻĿҶеɫʲôȻһҪԼιȥҪʲôѵŹǣ
ѵҪ£Щɻ󣬰̲סЩʵ
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ȻǺ󻰣ҲᡣҶеʮӣԶŴ˺ХľҶҲһЩܻȥ˯ˡͬʱԭ·ڵĹսǴͷæеֻХľ
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屾ΪǸȵ飬·ϵʱЩССıԹһ̣еԹʧһɶģҶҲǸˡҶֵʱԼĸˣÿζܸԼϢ
û´Ļɱ֣ǹҹһҲСҶﵭ˵ָָƤԺڵǸ
ԣɫһȥѣ̾һԱ߹ȥҶϣһϹҲмһ
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ǾͶлϸˣһԷҶ΢΢һЦ˵Ϳ˼˾Хȥ
Ҷ￴ŽԶʧľ̾˿ֱԼҪһˡٻҲǸɻǣô˳֣ٻŵʲôܣ


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Ҷôû𴲣ͲˣٻЩĺһûϰߣô˻ûжˡ
ʱܳҶ̧ͷ˿ǽϵӣʱѾ˵ˣˣô˯ѹֺٻߴԼ
һ°ϳ֮ҶӦһ͸æ·ȻҼΣΪ˲úٻʲôֻǿסֳ嶯
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Ҷû뵽Ѿͷôƽ⣬Ѿȥϰ׼ٻ˼ȻǷŹˡҶļͽˣһ컹Ƥģûʲô飬Ҳ˼ʲôɡ
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ٻһĻʱ¶һ˿ʲôˣոջһʱҪҵӣһת۾ˡһӦòƭҰɡٻаĵ뵽ҶǶԺȦзԼ뷨
Ҷصͼ˯ˣٻʲôʱ뿪֪һ˯硣̫֮ҪɽͷˣҶ˸Ȼ
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ڰסɱ˽ȥģøߣǰЩΪڽежܴ죬԰´ʱͷΪܱһԼ͵͵ȥ飬ķչĿƷΧʱŭ϶ᷢйϡ
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ţæҶĵ绰ϣӺȡһЩϢԱõĿչԼĹ
֣һ绰أû뵽㵹ȴˡҶһ绰Ц˵⵹ո绰һɱֵ
һ⻰жʱһ泩˵ԼĿġ
Ҷϵܣ֪˽ⲻ˽һĻʹӲԣĿǰʮСʱȥˣûɿڵļ󡣡
Ҷһ⻰ɵһ¡׻˵̹״ӿܴϣǼȻԼ߽һЩΪʲô˾־Ͳѵǰ׳գΪס
˼һҶﲻ֪ӦӦýȥϾϢԼֶαƳģ뱩¶Լֶ̫Σβ顣
ŮѲúĥҾúϸӦʹһ㣬Ͼ˶ģֻҪץסǵĶ̴ʵˡҶ˼֮Ǿ򲻵Ѳ˵ͷʹ廹Լ㶨ĺá
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ȻҶϵ֪ܲǾˣİ취졣ĬƬ̣ε˵
Ҷô˵ҲǺٺһЦֲ̲˵˼䣬͹Ҷ˵绰
µ绰ҶüͷɱھֲôֻһֿܣǶﻹмֵǰһ뾡취̳Ҫܼ򵥣Ų˵ŰԼ
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з꣬ҶķһЩܴһСһ͹䵽ϰ˵࣬Ҷصʱȴķ֣ٻȻûло֡˵ٻŵ׼ʱ°࣬ʧȥˣӦͻ˰ѵٻӰˣ
֮£Ҷﲦ˺ٻĵ绰
Բĵ绰ѹػ
ػҶ⻰ʱˣòǳʲô˰ɣͺٻһôʱˣ֪߲ûйػϰߣڹػˣȻʲôͷ
֪ٻ鷳ˣҶɫʱͬʱҲԼҪͺٻһȥϰ࣬ͲˡҲϵϣ׸ô죿
ļ֮£ҶﲦͨıСĵ绰ȻһЩǺٻĵ绰ûˣڿ֮ġȻҵС°ʱۿٻˡϢҶĶʱȥ
Ҫи̣˭ģһڣ
һ˿ɱ⣬ҶͿٵĳšٻ£侲Ȼ֪Լڵ׸ôܴڼϢ
ξֳûнͨŵѣЩҪ鷳һ¡˳ЩƧĹ·ʻţ·߲ʱֵļͷҶϾ뵽˲ѯٻĳټİ취
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һʱЩӦҪ֪СʱǰһﻹƺԼһϸ磬ôһĹ򣬾ͷ˱仯ҺƺоҶмŵķŭͲ
Ҷϵܣǲǳʲôˣͨѣʲôֱ˵ҿ϶֪Ҷ˳ǳʲôˣҲû˵ϻ˼ֱ˵
ô˵Ҷ΢΢ЩοҪ˺ߵλãԼῪڵ׷ʲô飬Ҷûڵ绰˵


287 Լ
Ҷϵ绰ҶͰٶ󣬳źڵĵطɳ۶ȥһ·֮ϣҶҲ֪Լ˶ٺƣ־˶ִڵĽû˼עЩС飬ٻİοһС
ʮ֮ҶǸƽʱҪʮӲ·̣һ̶ɲ֮ɫıʱݻͣһKTV֮ǰ
֪ҶԼµ绰󣬾ֱӳKTVſڡҶĳӵ֮æ˹
Ҷϵܣʲô飿忴ҶˮжʱЩĸоһϳͿʵ
Ҷôʣ˵δʧˣһ¹·¼񡣡
δʧ٣
û뵽ô֣ҶﵱʱҲμˣںٻҲ֪һЩΪٻŵܲãϽ綼һЩλģͻȻʧ٣´ķ˵Ǵ¡
ȥӰɣҴ绰Ƭ̣üͷ˵粻˳٣֪Ҷп϶ܽҲʲô
ܿԼѣҲǽֵͨΪֳ˵æ˱ƱҶǿһЩǶнİ취¾û·
˺ܿ͵֣ͨϽĽͨ¼ںѵĴ£ҶصȻʲô谭
ԸԳشҶܿͿ˺ٻϤĳӡϸעصĶС˵ٻĳȷʵһ뿪ٻŵģʻķҲǱķ˵˺ٻȥʲôطǳʲô⡣
;صĲ鿴תܿͳˣڽһ·ϣٻĳٶʻʱķûб䣬ĳǡٻĳӲ֪ͻȻֵĺɫµA6м䣬֮Ǳͣ
һµϳװˣߵٻǰ˵ЩʲôȻٶȻص˳ϡ֮󣬲Ҷϣٻĳôɫµʧ˼ͷС飬ҲˡҲûгڼУƽһ
ξֳûа취һµϣҪ֪ǵһϢҶ￴ɭȻ˵
æ˵ͷ˵򵥣ֻЩʱѡ岢Ҷһ֪ڽ
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Ҷ﷢ĵ˵һ䣬˵ͬʱ¶һ˿ѿ΢ЦͷȻ˵лĻͲ˵ˣֽҵɣⱾǾ飬㲻ʲô
ô˵ҶȻҲͷʲôлѾס˺飬лȻҪȥġ
ͨƵķŴӵĳƺźܿȷˡǲҵǣѯ֪ЩƺŶƣҲͳ׶ˡ
ʧ֮£ҶЩ˼Ǳһ˿ϣģȴûһ˿չΨһ֪ľǣٻʱӦûΣգֻǱ˽ٳˡҶ֮Իô룬ΪڽмƵУԷûжԺٻʲôΣյľٶǱźٻߡ
׸ô죿
ҶòһоԼĺСԼϲŮ˵ıˣĴܸС
忴ſһҶ΢΢̾˿˵һжȥģŵµġҶ꾭жЩӦıƣǺľǵȶԷϢ
˵ҶЩն񲻽΢΢һ֪˵ûԼòֻеȴ
Ҫһë˭
Ҷһ˿ɱ⣬˶һ֮ϢԵĺͻȻоһ˿ܵѹָСҶʱȴָоʧˡ
Ҫ˰Ǹ۵ģҪүⲻ
΢΢̾һ䣬ΪЩ
òϢҶҲû˼ϢֻǺǸֳ˼䣬һĺͺ뿪˽ͨ֡·ϣҶһֱû˵Ȼʱùͷ
͵ԭĵطҶͶԼݳ뿪ˡֱǰҶһʱʲô˺߼䣬ǱҲŬҪҶܵõʲôϢһҪ˵ʱһæ
ںĺ⣬ҶȻܾǸܰĲǳ飬ҲҪߵĶæ
ɫıʱźٻ߹·ʻţ˵ٻ½صĵطҶ￪ʼƲԷĿӼǰߣʱ͵˺ٻֵĵطҶȻ뺮ٻĳƽʧ֮Ķ߿϶Ǵĸ·ڹˣԲûгںļС
ҶĿֻһ뿴ûʲô·ڣҪеĻҲܷһЩʱϣи·ڳߵСһ·һ۵ɽСҶｫͣ·ߣȻ³۲Χ
ǰһٴο˼ͷͷ֮ôһ·ڣôٻʱ϶Ǵߵġ
ȥĶأ
Ҷһ£ٴϳ·ʻȥе뷨ǣԼܲһ·׷ȥҪã˵ܷʲô
Ȼ֮Ҷﲻòٴͣ³ǰ·ڣЩã·ͬķҶýֺͷҲ֪·ͨǲͬĵطûʲô֮ĶҲû취ȥ
һ߷ɽűߵһʯͷҶоԼѹƲסеķŭˡͣĸԼҪ侲µͷҴߵķʽҲû˿á
УҲܾǽ·ߵͷҲҪҵһҪңҲܷ
źҶЩήٵǱעһ㣬ʱĻںٻܶѡȴϢһҪʲô
Ҷٴ˳֮ѡ˿·ڣȥ֪ǣԶڽнһ޴˽ׯ԰ٻĳӾͣٻˣһׯ԰һλãһӣһ˼ĿƯŮˡ
С㣬ЩðжԲסĵط¡һ΢ЦĿ˵֮ȻǿںٻȴһЩͱ˵ζ档
ԣٻɫһһ˵Ҳʶ㣬֮ûʲôýġȻЩ£ǺٻҲǼˣ϶ֱԼơǸᣬȻЩڰ淨ɵñǺٻ֪Щ˼ȻԼ϶ʲô˼ɵġ
СлΪǰôΪ˱ҵĳ⣬ҴӦ㣬϶˺ȫһЦ˵ףʹûŵҲܰѺôѺٻǿ뵽Ѿð˺ܴķˡ
ٻԣһ˿м˻˼˵ΣԼȫô£ԼǱǿаģѵΣ
ҽһ£ҽǣǽֲĸˡûע⵽ٻɫδ˵


288 
ٻô˵üͷ̲סĺڰԼʲôԼһͨҵܲãЩҲûʲôЩΪʲôҪԼ
˵˵ǵĿİɣҶֲȤʲôֱ˵ûҪĨǡٻ¶һ˿м䵭˵ڰͺڰɣˣٻԼûʲôµģӲһ㣬ѵɱԼɣ
û뵽Ů˿ôƺ˿ûΪԼݶκξ£ľУûй뵽ٻݣҲȻˡ
ȻСô˵ôҾֱ˵ˡ֮뺮СһæҲˣǺҪԲ֮£ǲų²ߵġ֯һһ֣ص˵
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ٻΪԼˣԼһСܲãʲôʱܰڰæˣ⻰Ҳ̫˼˰ɡѵͷҲһͷԼٻŴﵽĳĿ
ٻţȴǲ̲˵ҪЦˣһСܲôܰæ
˵껰һֱעźٻķӦʧǣ߳˲첢ûб쳣Ӧʱɻ󡣰˵ԼݣԺٻĴӦòôٶ۵ģڣŮƺʲô֪
С㣬֪֪֪㸸׵ݣ游ݡɻ֮£̲סʵȻ˲ӣòŪһ㣬ΪҪ˵飬ϢϢء
ݣ
ôʣٻһʱסˣЩɻĿǡ
ٻķӦ̲סЦһû뵽Լߴôһͷ˼ʲô֪жΣٻķӦȻǲ֪˵ʲôҲζź߸֪ҺĹϵ
СӦû鷳ɣǲ֪ô飬ѡһػصķʽ򿪻⣬ܻԼռһЩ
꣬鷳
Щúٻɵһ̸Ծ̫ˣһ˵һ˵ǵġԼȷʵ˲鷳ҪҶĴڣȫòϡ
ȷʵһЩ鷳ƺûʲôϵɣѵЩ˶ɳȥģҲָʾģٻЦһʵԴ֮ޱȣһ㶼ûи˼
ǵķӦٻϣֻߵһЦȻҡҡͷ˵ĹأǲԺֵģԺС鷳ΪֵˣȻҲĳԱֻǰ࣬Ϊİڡ
˵ʲôֱ˵ģúҴաǵĻúٻԽԽɻȻľ쵽ʲôȷԸš
ȻСô˵Ҿֱ˵ˡ游֣Լ㸸׺ƣĳԱһһٵ˵ͿٻķӦϣٻ仰ʱ˶һ¡
ʷԼĿǰİȻԼйϵԼүүԼ׶ĳԱͻأϢЩãļԼĸֻǸͨˣƴѧҵĸ׽֮ŬҵղڵٻšǰԼһСŮʱ˫˫˸ԼԼĸԼүүĳԱôܽܡ
˵Ķģٻǣһɵʵ
֪ôһʣٻô˵ûʲô죬ĵ˵ͷ
ǵ飬ҲûʲôϵҹĺܺãϣʲôǣǲҪٴҵٻɫЩ䣬˵ĻЩɡ
ǸոﻹЩϲأΪԼнչһת۵Ĺ˾סˡҲ˵ôķӦҪô룬ﻹǲġ
⡭С㣬ˣȷʵҪİ϶̫鷳ұ֤ǾԻᱣ֤İȫһæ˵
ٻһһȻм˵û鷳ڽʱܵεĴɱЩ϶йذɣУһ㣬Ҹ׻游ûйϵʲôݣǶͨˣҲͨˡ
С㡭ǡǻ˵ʲô֪˵ʲôˣٻ˼ԣǲ뱻ŵƽӱϣǾԼӦضԷѡ񣬵ǡ
뵽ڵвɵЩϾ͵ˣҪǺٻͬæôξѡĽ϶Ȩ䣬䵽ȺΥڣΥҷϡ
УһҪ˵ΪΨһĺˣٻƱȨǺֵĵλġһԱɣȨ԰ѡͶƱˣʮ˸ˣϺٻʮŸЩÿһƱǺٻΪֵԭһ˾ͳƱǱȡ
С㣬ԸԸ㽲һЩ£Щ£ͻвһѡ游֣ʷΨһĸͰ̩Ҳҵ游ǽֵܡһִڵºպ㸸׺ԭҲԱҸֵܡΪ游ڻϲìܣ뿪˽дٻšǷ򸾵Ҳ˴үʹʧһº御˵ͣΪֺٻЩ֪ʱѾһƬͨ죬ŨŨˮƺʱι
ҵĹϵҪ£Ǳ˺ͺٻٲҲһĹϵǣΪٻ׵ִ⿹飬ٻȫʶԼ
˵ʵΪӣȫиõȥƫƫװŵ˽СطԼף׿϶б㡣ЩһֱעźٻֻнΪﾺѡٻʱ˸鷳
˵Ķ𣿡ٻŬĵһԼԴʵʵ
ô˵֪תæ˵˵Ķģ˽֪顣⣬ΣҲҪ˵йϵϣܴӦңͳҪ˵֧֣Ĳ
ô˵ٻĬɫһʱòֹܳʱŵ˵Ҫһʱ俼һ£ȱ˵ʲô飬һе˵
ô˵ɫһ˵ͷٻô˵ѾǿʲôˡΨһģǵȴߵĴ𸴡ԼĸܲܳΪһΰ˵ȫɺٻġָ֧׵ֻа˸һʮ˵֧֣ԺҵƱžá
Ȼô˵ҾֻеĴˣϣؿǡϿҵ˵ٻ΢΢һЦ˵һ֮ڣһġ
˵ŻٻҲǵķӦ˳ȥӸոյĲԹɫУ֪ǲԼʹ˼һЩߣӺ߿飬ܲζԭΪֻͨĳڿԶԶǡ
ʻųӳׯ԰ٻΧڰһƬǳ˼ʱڿҪҪҶǸˣϾӦñԼǿĶˡ
뵽Ҷٻ治ɵɻôԼûȥǸһôҲ绰ѵһ㶼ԼİΣ


289 ҹĻµӵ
ٻЩСԹʱóֻ׼Ҷ绰ǵԼֻûػԺɫʱԹ˼ҲԼڿΪԼԭˡ
Ū˺ðҲ˻ٻֻεİֻӵһԣʱ֪ҶһδεѰУѾŨŨľ֮С·ڣߵһͨһСɽ壬Ҷϸ֮̽ЩʧķˡмͨʡҶֻܻ֮һ
ʱĿųʻڵ·ϡһתѾǿ賿ˣǺٻȻ䲻ԽԽ
ңһҪ¡ҶﷴţҲֵĸһЩи
Ҳ˵İţбȻżʻĳڽ뽭Ľ紦ǸϤĳҶоԼ˶˹붼ûͣ˳ӡٻڿɫһıʱݣʱůůġǹԼģȻѰЩģⲻǰֵܳľٶ
ٻĶ̫ίͲȻ棬ǱǿдߣǵһΡȻڰȻĻģûίǲܵġ
Ȼһ̣ҹĻЩƣˣҸϻ֮ǰ岻΢ĳӳ£ɫԲ԰ף촽ɵ
Ҷﲻ֪Լʱ飬ֻǶĿͻȻֵŮˣ˫ֲ֪ĽգɿȻǽգ˷װš
ҶҡٻĽһ˹ȥڼ˵һ̣֪ԼжôʱֻǸůĸ壬ѰΥıӻ
Ľ뻳ҶĺݺݵһЩ漴һ˿ڹȥĶ̶ĸСʱʱڣᵽδĶĳһΪԼʧȥˣѹֵıŭеĲʣԽԹԼһȳġȻһϵеĸһ̱߽⣬ɢ
Ĵ˵ں㷢Ҷź㷢䴫ĵ㣬вɵİࡣ
ֻ˻ˣԲ𡣡ٻЩ˻ƣԴǻĽšҶȻоԼҸȴҪԼֻ״ôϲıУܸоǰһ״̬
Ҷҡҡͷӵźٻı۰һЩƺҪŮȫԼһ飬ٻûκδ󣬴ЩͻȻֵļһҶû˿ֺٻ˼ֻ֪ҪǺٻĳˣЩһ
ͺãҪ£һˡʮһĩŵĿڽϺХٻ仰ϲ̫ԵĲֹͣ仰㣬׷
ΪʱѾ賿·ϵĳӺ٣˵ӵûб˴ĺܾá
ҶȥɡٻС˵ʱ״ǰ˳ٶȻָǰְ
Ҷԣһͷ˵ȴǸûȥˣʱҲˡ˵ŻҶЩķſ˼˵ĽְӵĲ࣬Щ
ȥ·ϲûзʲô飬Ӳ賿һʱ򣬲Żص˱
һصٻʹ˵飬Ҷֹ£û˵׺ߵ˼ܾġ
Ҷ֪ΪһŮˣ飬϶᲻˵ô϶ҲˡʲôҲҪȵԺ˵١
ϱҪȥˣҷ˯ɡҶһ£Щʵ˵ûеϷߵ˼ֻ뽫ոһ㣬ٻĲ֪ͻߣٻ£϶̫ãԼҲܰοοڰοķǾͲΪ˵Ҳ
ԣٻ˸ۣϷʵ˵𣿡ᣬջҶĶʱ⻰𣬱˵ɫǵҶˣҲƲסԼ
ѵ˿ڿˮҶݺݵĵ˵ͷ
һôӶЩʱ˻ռԼˣΪôأڿԼˣ˼̫ˣ⡣
ţٻһЦ˵Ͻ˯ɣȥ˰˵ŻٻҲһķӦת¥ȥ
ⶼʲôˣˣʱҶŷӦԼѾͷˣһѡ㲻ͬˣﻹҪջһ£ѵͲɥĲ񣬰ֱӰˣ
ҶͬʱٻʧҰУҶ֮һƵĻصԼķ䡣صȴŷɵ΢ЦٻѾͷʲܿЦˣӦòʲôˡ
ôԼʱˡ
ۣ֮ŭҶﲻôݵģȻĿǰ֪ٻôģЩʼٸ߱ҪΪ˸ۡ
ɫЩɭȻϸѹֵƣһ̵Ҷ￴ȫղͬ˵ںٻǰů⣬ôһ̣԰ǵޡ
һҹʱ仺Ҷʱһ¾͸˸绰˵һϾԺߵԣԼҪǲ˵ٻˣ϶ҡ
һ£Ҷú˿ɽѺߵѣԲװ׿ӺԽҶô˵ԵŰݷһ¡һĺҶϵһ˽һ£ܺٻ˵ĻסҶȴǾܾĺ⣬ѾԼİ취ˣԺֽ֮һЩֶβʩչ
һ죬ٻҲûȥϰ˼ҶһҲһ˯Ȼѣ¥ʱ򣬷ҶҲó䣬һЦеⲻԶ
ϱ첻ȥϰ𣿡Ҷ￴ǽϵʱ䣬ЩʵΪѾͷ״̬ܲڿȫûˡ״£Ҷ˽⣬ٻ϶ȥϰģڿеӣòûǸ˼
첻ȥˣúϢһ죬һ顣ٻ΢΢һЦ˵ʢĵݸҶ
Ҷô˵Ҳû˵ʲô֪Ҳһ߾ͻľԼרĳ
ʱ䣬˶ûж˵ʲôȺٻʰ֮ߵɳǰҶһҲ˹ȥ˺ԣ˳ס˼ϸ֫
ٻҲûֻһ˼ӡҪ֯һԡ
϶֪췢ʲôɣұ˱ȥ˽һׯ԰Էڽеķֶ棬ǵİҰһæ˵ٻͣһҶ֪Լ˵Ҷ϶ҪһЩʱ˼·
ֶ棿ٻĻУĸҶ΢΢Щ㶣ôͷҺٻæô¡ٻֻǸСϰգʲôܰϵģѵ
ҶͻȻ飬ʱõٻţ伫ҪҶĳ֣ڵٻſ϶䵽ٻʲôԼ֪ĶҪȻôᱻôϡҶȻԼǰۣʱ֪ҺĹϵ


290 ʶ
ʲôˣӦˣҶüͷʵȻôʣѾǿ϶˺ٻӦԷʵҪǺٻûӦԷôܰȻĻվǰɣûģУҪġҶﲻȺһġ
˵ŻҶɫҲҪǺٻ֮±ƴӦʲôҶ϶һǸܴ˴ۡ
һôٻҶɫûʲô죬֪ҶĲˬǶԼǶǼһԵһЦ˵û˵ʲô飬ҲûдӦʲôֻ˵һʱ䣬ƵͬŻҡ
ûдӦҶЩֵĿٻֺ߲˵ѺЩӦǷһɺٻǿбƹȥΪһ俼ǼͰŻҲ̫ʵ˰ɣѵʲôԼ֪顣
Ҷŵʱ򣬺ٻٶȿ˵Ǹңүүǵ꽨Ķ֮һҸҲĳԱֻǺ˳ˡȻû˵ҪʲôԼоҪ϶йϵ
׻˵ﲻݣʱҶᵽ仰˼Ҳ̫ܸ˰ɣͻȻðҾˡָңĺҲ̫˼˰ɡ
ϱǺɬ磩ԱҶһҲŵʵ
ٻһ⻰˶ˣʲôǺɬԱʲôʱˣҸǣйϵ
ţٻЩİһһۡⶼʲôˣܲܺú˵ˣ
˵һ飬Ҳ֪ǲġи಻ѵʱ򣬺ٻȻһæ˵
ҶԣɻĿٻȻ˵˵ʲô
ң鷳һЩϵЩ鲻ġٻһԥ˵
鷳Ҷԣһ˿⡣ͨԼ˽⣬Ҷ֪Ըٻһֱ棬һĬȻɱ֣ǵĿĺܼ򵥣նݳһ棬ӦþǸΪЩֻǿصٻŵĳЩںٻ仰ǵܾǵĻǼٵģֺ˵ʲô
Ǹһû˵Щ˶ԸĿģҶһʵ
ٻҡҡͷǿ϶ʲô飬ٻʱҲûʵ˼Щ֪ڱģٻﳶϹϵӦǿǼ죬ΪǸԼ길ĸ׵Ҳ飬һʱ֮ҡڲ
ԻһǸһˣҶ￴ٻӦа˵Ϊ֪飬ֻΪ˸õıٻٴηһκٻƽǺ£һأҪǱɱץߣ
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Ҷ˼·ϣɸһЦ˵ûʲôֻЩƶѡ
ٻô˵ƲƲ죬Ȼεʵ˵Ҹô죬ĲǳϹϵǰ˵ľǵ飬ûҪκ档
Ҷ۵һ˿ͣѾͷǺܴһ㿴ú͸Ҫǻһˣ϶оԼŹϵٻһҶﲻıϡ游߸ݺԼаëǮϵˣԼԼģ˵漰еĶˡ
ܣҶﵭһЦ˵Ȼô˵ԵúܰԵϣΪһˣҶǲĿԼŮվڷ˿֮ϵġ
ٻȻЩ׼ǵҶô˵仰ʱЩĳ֣һòһֱڰܵĽɫԼʹԷٻҲΪҶԴ
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˻صʱ̫ѾҪɽˡڿϢһ֮󣬺ٻ¥Ҷ֮£ʹ򿪵ӿ


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һʱ󣬵ĽĿǲˣҶŻعע⵽һԵĺٻ
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ϱôҲ˵Ҷû㡣ҶٺһЦ˵ƨɲźۼŲ˹ȥ
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ʲôôҰѵ˭ǵ˲ɣҶɻ뵽ͰԼִ˺¶İļϡ
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ܺгҪǲ֪˿ˣ϶ΪһԶСޣеĸһɷ򡣿ϧֻ沢ûг̫ãͱĳ̰Լˡ
֪ʱҶѾźٻǰǶ͹̽Եƶ˹ȥٻҲ֪ôģֻһû̫ǿҵķӦ
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Ҷ￴ٻķӦ治ǳԼΪһˣҪʱˣǾǸɶˡҵҸʱҪ˰
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ͬʱҶоЩˬҲҪﲻķʽҲЩر𡣶ԣûв´ǵϷ
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ϱҽͰҡٻҶʱӦ˹ҪΪԼ˼⡣
ߡٻһתһԣأ㶼׵Ĥˣʲôý͵ġôҲβǸ̬ʵ
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飬ҶҪڲ֪ѾͷǹģôͰ׻ˣֺٻΪʲôôӦأڿȫҪԼΡ
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Ҫʲô㻹ԣ𷴿ˣʹҰɣǳ顣ҶһЦһ˫־ͳźٻȥô˽Ůĸо
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ҶٻһĿȻ͵һ磬ĳɱĲҽУվȻŤСĳ¥ȥ
һϾͷ裬ҶҪҲרΰɡٻϷʵ˹ҶɫʱЩ鴤˵ĳͷأ˵õһسأôһת۵Ĺ򣬾ͱˡ
ѾͷôôݣߺҵĽŰˡ


292 ˳
һҹ޻ڶҶͺٻԺ͸ҽԺǵʱǸרһû˵ǲܳյա
յ״̬ܲǹǵǰɣԲͣĶˡҶž͸оڽ¶ѣٻʱͱյĻ˵ϡﻩĿ
ĸʱǸ߰ŮܲãʱǸ޿СŮҶܸܵ벻ʱȻҶʱˣһΪ˰οٻһûк֮ǡ
ĸ϶⣬Ժһ˿϶ҸһġҶһ֣صı֤
ô˵οĵ˵ͷҪ˵ֱĵʲôǹ¿ĺٻųģЩʱů㣬Ҷĳǡֲȱ
߶Ҷı֣һֱͺ⡣֪ڵᣬҶСѾˣһ棬Ϊٻеˡ
ҵǵ飬СҶҪӦңԺ󲻹ܵκʱ򣬶ҪúչٻٻܵκίҡҲܷˡһĶš
ٻͲõһ⻰һʱ¡ŵ裬ͲҪˣҶﶼ˵϶ܳɹ
ɵӣ費㵣˭ԼԼ֪ǳɹҲûٻͷˡմȰٻĺףŨŨĲᡣ
Ҷ￴һĻвɵĳҲ¶ģһҪóʮʩ롣ٻûգԼûٻһ
ڲʱʱҲǺܿ죬ʱѾʱˡٻǽһȥԸģǿǵҪ֮ǰֻͣա˶ǶŶӡʱҲû˻ע⵽Ŷ飬ϾҪľյ
׼һ°ɣרҵˡʱͻȻ˴ƿĻʿ˶ڣæ˵
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Ҷһ⻰˼ٻڴͬʱٻҲǿ۵һĨǣиŨŨϣҶ￴⣬֣صĵ˵ͷʾ߲Ҫġ
ʱҽԱĳӣһȺ˽ŪϳȻųӳȥʱһζݶ·ںٻģǰǱţ˵ѹ֡
ˣһõĴġҶսٻĶ䣬˵ٻĻæ˵ͷһ̣ĸ׵ȫҶϣȻǵģǶҶŽܵΡ
ʱ򣬺ٻΪҽԱԲܽ棬Ҷ￴Ųǽӣ˵ζ΢΢һЦȻͳȥ
һҪɹҶˡٻ˵Ҫˣ׵ˣľǽƲĵȴ
Ҷܿͻһ׵·ںרҶݽ˱׼ΪǰҽԺѾר˵ˣԶԼֵĴҶû˿ִרֱԼҪľǰ꣬ľСˡ
յĲЩ⣬ԲҪҶ֮ơרֱҽ֮ʱҽ޷ﵽЧԶκҲǳڴ
壬εˡҶĶר˵רԣ֣صĵ˵ͷ֮һֱܺãΪԼĲʮֵĹػԾҶﲻҲô
Сӣڴĺģһӵġר΢΢һЦ˵ת̨ȥҶô˵΢΢ǰĽ׶βҪʲôרҵɹ˲ĵʱ
ҶҲûǰۿ̵˼ֻһԵĵĵȴšÿһٵҽڽʱ򶼲Ըⱻ˴ţҶȻΪĶ˺ߵĹ
̨˲ͣæҶЩŵĹעšʱڻţжҲڽĽС
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ҲʴȣĹУյ״ûзʲôıʣе˶źۼ˿ܿרҾ̨Ҷ
һ߲һ˵ҲܳɹͿˡ
Ҷԣ֣صĵ˵ͷĺһ̨ҽĲҽֶβƵճΪħ˵㣬״һ㡣ʱϺҪµ״Ĺ֮£ʶųµĶҶľǵų⣬мԵ͡
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ʱʿһ̶˹ʱҶҽԺģҽԱһЩеõвҩҺ룬ҶĹ˳ҲһЩɹʡ
׵֣˸룬Ҷһ£ȳյĳѨһ룬ͬĶʱ˸λֱλ˴ҪѨ
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ַһе֣Ҫ徫Ҷֶ֪Ȼ翣һֱţֻǲһʶѡ
һУҶһ£ץյȻ۾źߵʱַſ˰֣üͷ˼˿ҲǲԾİҲǷࡣ
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ϣɹɣҶа˵˫붯רֻһۻңҶٴͣʱϵʱ򣬲㾪
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˲ðרԵĸпһ䡣ʮʱô룬˵Ҷÿһõʱ䲻ӣδġ
ȵʮ䶨Ҷĺ˿ʱѾϸ΢ܼĺˮһԵҽԱһĻæǰΪҶȻַܾ˵ҲԼȥðϸա
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׻˵вƣеϦҶЩʱյͻȻ춯Ҷæعͷգһɫ˲䡣
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Ҷ͵һõͷһץסյ󡣸ܵյܻңɫһʱһЩһԵҽԱҲǳˡ
ã˵ʺܻң仯̫ˡ
רҲǽͬʱҲǿʼӦ֮ߣרҵ۹⣬ܲŲ⵽ֱʲΪ˵⣬⻹յֿ
ϽȻҪˡרҼһ䣬Ȼߵ̨ǰЩĿҶϣ뵽һ취ֱʡǳϵǣҶڶݵż֮󣬷˳ĬУüͷšһγһƵġ
Ӧô죬һŽİ취һеġҶмеĴţӺܲʱĻҳһţ˼άԼȥ
ϵܣһԵרͻȻƺ뵽ʲô˵
ô˵Ҷ΢΢һ㶣һĨȻٵ̨һ࣬˫ֲյЬӡ
Ÿյ˫˫ֱ롣ÿһ϶룬λ÷ֱǸԵģ̫̫̫̫һ룬ҶѡüµĵطѨãлӴյľ񣬽ϵƣ롣
һкҶæ۲յɫʱյɫȻȻѿҶܿıƽһЩɵ΢΢˿
ùˣҪȻ롣ҶЩµ뵽Ҫղõ뿪̨Ĳ֪ô뺮ٻˣҲ黹Ϊٻеһ̡
ȻƽһŮҽһп˵Ϊ˱סˣȴְȻõľľŸˡ
ϧŮˣȻŮҽЩʵ뵽УҪܺԼһǸǶôһ鰡ϧԼûǸ
ûˣСֵ˲áרȻһЩµ˵Ҷһ仰΢΢ЦЦ˵Ҫѣҹ벻ģܳɹȫĹ͡
ר仰¶һĨΣ˵ףͷβֻһڹ˲ǺΣͷҶһ䣬ͻȻ뵽ġҶô˵Щ˼ˡ
СֵܾͲҪǫˣҪû似һǲõġ
Ҷ仰һЦҲûźߵĻ˵רĵעյлκʱģڻʱղûȫȶʱ򻹲ܴ⡣
СʱԺ󣬵Ҷ￴յɫ֮ŵҲȫʾȶݣ֪εǳɹˡ
Ҷһӵʱջϵ֮˾߳ҡ
ʱʱ䲻֪ѾȥСʱںٻЩĽ̵ʱҵſͻȻһʾĳĪѹ֪ȵĻʲôҪǣһ
Ѿȥˣ߳ҶٻŰ״ӵҶϴЩ΢ЦʱͻȻů࣬΢ЦԶڸԼɹˣԼҪڵˡ
ܳɹʹҶЦſ˵ٻ仰ŵỨ˸Сʱĵȴܻ֮ΪĻижޱȣҲޱȡ
Ҷлл㡣ĽԽ⿪ٻΪҲǴһӾ˽ҶĻԵĸл
ɵϣʲô쿴ɡҶ˵ٻ仰ҲǷӦ˹ڻأԼôһʱʧ飬̫ˡţٻæſҶųϵտȥ
ٻһҸӣҶҲǸ˺ܶ࣬ôŮܿģҸôԼκ鶼ֵˡ
룬ҶͻȻоǰһ󷢺ҲǲԾҡһ¡֪Լʱ͸֧ȣвѣεĸоټһûԶԲŻ״
ָоܣҶΪ˲úٻԼ״͵ҡҡͷ­ǿԼָ
صԺ˵л֮£רҴ˺ܿ뿪ˡջûѹȻȶˣúٻ࣬йעҶ
ߵɫЩĲ԰ףüĿԿƣ롣һ֮󣬺ٻЩһͬʱҲǸжĲС
Ҷлл㡣ҶһУٻ֪˵ʲôΨһ˵þǸлȻֻоİӣǺٻԼܲ˵
⻰ҶװЩ˵ϱͲˣ豾ҵΣô˵ҿ˰ûǴĻѾͷһĹ˵ͬĻҶﲻ֪ԼҪǲô˵һ䣬Ѿͷǲǻһ顣
һ˼ҸлأƨƺԼȷʵӦظġ
Ӧ˰ɣϢһᣬһƣӡٻ˵ҶȻ·ܾӣϸĵĺٻһװˣ˵Щ԰׵ˡ
˯һҪҡҶٺһЦЩε˵ΪԼεĺܺãǻǱѾͷˡ״̬ĲһĲҲûпֱӾ˴ϡԼϱÿʱÿʱûҪš
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294 ȵ˼
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295 ȥ
ÿоĳֿʼʵצӣٻ˺ֹҶ￴ķӦٺһЦȴûһԾ˼ֱ˲ռ˵ҲŲҪÿء˵ˣҲôɶȿʲôϵˣҲְ
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296 ǲ
Сӣǲǻˣ
СƣȻΪԼء

³ֵһƵĶҶи໰ƪ뵽ʲô˵ʲôҶ￴һĻɫҲɬǺɬᣬʹһЩҲزǵʡЩ˸ʺĻҶеɱĶѻ
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ˣһܵġҶһˣε뵽Ȼ룬ǻע⵽ˣֱӦӡ϶Ǵżһ˫´ȻŲڶʼղ뿪ʮ׾롣ľΣ£ٶȰǹ
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һλҶͣ½Ųʵһﳤõͦģϧû쵼ӦеƣҶֱӷǵĿܡ
֪ҵ֣ǾͿ䲻ˡмһЦ˶˫Ͳȵ棬ָȭһȭҶ

ҶЦһ׾ٵùһȭҲڶܵͬʱһߣֱߵͷȥû뵽ƽļһﾹȻôķӦٶȡнֳأ˫۳ʮΣҶ·ϡ
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ڴͬʱһ˿⣬ԼֻҪӲһţץסһȣʱǽԼϮʱˣһһҪԼոܵ˺ʮٱĴСֻ
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֪ҶݣǶʱЩͷ˫Ĺϵ˵ͺٻǽһ棬ҲǽһĹϵҶǺٻδô˵˾Լ÷һͻȻҳӣŪǲ֪ôˡ
СδȻʶǿЦһ˵
Ҷ仰иӾ죬ͬʱҲе㺮âһô˽⺮ٻô϶ǵٻһֱӰΪвˡ


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仰ϵĿЦһԼģѹֱֻӵĴ
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Ȼ֪ˣҲݣвԼŮ˵ˣҶѡֻһ֣ǾǰǴ򵽲Ϊֹ
ﲻ˵ǽ̸ɣҿһֱ㣬쵹ǸûᡣǿΧһ£Ҳ˵µĵطЦ˵
ϧֵٺãҶҲû˼ֻҶϴųЦϷʵ˵֮ûʲô̸ģ˴ҵߵ飬븶һЩ
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ǱЦ仰ʱʱõģԼӣ쾹Ȼ˸ԼҪԼۣûо顣ǾôԷҲˡ
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ҶĻֻ˻ЩĪ⻰΢΢һ£Լһ٣һΪԼ˭ĵ޵ˣͲ˵ͷ
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ţ뷢йеͻȻǵĿǰһֵľѡˣڶѾõʮƱԼĸֻаƱҪԼļξѡʧܸգôʤһһ᲻ֶεĴѹҡһǾ㲻Ҳ֪Լ³
ԼΨһϣӮúٻ֧֣ҷ̵ΨһϣѵΪԼеİˣҵ̡ɷΪΪΪ˼壬ΪԼұ̡
ţеɱ˻ȥһҰĵˣԼģ޴ջ֮£ѡҶơ
ԸǽȥɡǵĿ˵
Ҷû뵽һͬ⣬вͬʱ۵źһǸǸҶȻﲻϲˣǵһҲû˱ܵĵ
ǵķԸ£˶档ҶǸ߽˻á
ھˣ˵˵ģֻҪǺܹ֣ҶӦ㡣˼ãĿ˵ҶҪԼĻѡֱӺԣöԷóѡѾǸ˾޴ˣôҶԼһ١
ô˵ҶЦ˵Һ㲻һҪĲ棬ЩҲ򶯲ңֻҪңںٻ֪һС
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֪һ棿ԣüͷʵ￴ڵҶﻹ̫ˣࡣ
ȫΪʲôҺٻ飬ҶҪ֪ҶĶ˵Ҫһѵļһһ١
һĬ󿪿˵˵ٻӦö˵ˣҲظˣ֪ҺٻæԭҲȫ㡣Щ漰أҲ͸©
Ҷô˵һµ˵ͷʾ߼˵ȥ
ﵱүүͺٻҶִĽɽѾ˰͡еԶúܶ˶⡣ѵԣһλļ̳ˣô˵ķڷġѡһ˵ﵽĿǰΪֹʮ˸ÿڣÿÿڶһƱĻᣬΨһûͶƱȨһգһֵͶƱѡˣһΣ·硣һֱǸĴڣȻﴴʼ֮һǴûвμӹѡ١͹涨ӵƱȨҺٻԭƱ
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ĶҶЩǺٻԼƽȴһԵ޹ʵľ뵽ǷǵСкǲһ˱˲ٿŵĸо
ѡȨܲȨҶһʵĵ⣬ֻҪȨǺٻͺ׻ָǰ
ԣϹһ˿еɫȨôܲܣǺٻҪȨˣԼһвȫ״ҲҪѡʧˣ뿴ġ
ȨǲȨģҲǹ涨ѡ˵ѣΪҪǺҶ˵ʵǾԾĹˣôɵ
ҶʻʱͿʼעǵķӦʱѾ֪һˣҲԼ֪ƱǿԷģ΢΢һЩ
Ҷﲢûеǵ˼ǰڳһ˼ģΪǡöԷǽʲô˺ٻ
ҶôʣҲ϶ǲ֪һЩġ¶һ˿ƻ˵
ʲô飿Ҷԣ̧ͷߡ
ҹһֱ֣Ϊʲô˶Ըٻɣǰδ飬ʱ˲ֹһΡǵһЦʼҶθ
Ҷԣüͷһ˼
ǿһ˿죬ּ˵Ըٻ˾ˣǵĿĺܼ򵥾ɱٻĽԸ⿴İɡ
˵Ҷһ˿пʼӦ֮ߣȻһôĵ˵ЩԼԸĵˣԼĻϵòö˰ɡ
ҶЩ鲢ȤҲ֪һЩ㷳ġ˵ˣӦ̸̸ǰˡϣԺҪٽ뵽ٻҵҰ֮УҪҶ䵭˵һ͵վȥ֪Ķ֪ˡһ˼̫ҶǲģԸЩ˵ֻ취ˡ
ǸȤļһЩĿŷҶ¶һ˿΢Цû֯뿪˼ΪһЩңҶﻹԼģʱȨԼˡڱľ棬˲ֻһ
Ϊׯ԰˲û˼Ҷ˳ĳׯ԰һεľûдʵԵĽչ˴ǵ֮⣬ûջ
֮ǰһ˿뷨ڿǵı֮ͳ׷ˡ뻢ıƤ̫ΣգǲġⲢ˵ҶﵨжСһٻòСĽߺÿһϾҲһССͿܷԸ⿴


298 ٳɵ
ôСӷˣｭֲĹͷʦЩɻʵҪ˵ڰ˭˽ǵԸôɾġҶһǵıԿ϶ֻһΣҶȴǰȻ뿪ˣЩѽ
Ȼҵ⣬ģСӿ϶ģûҵİ鷳¶һ˿⣬ЩĿ˸ֹܽһܸое
Ҫôˣ
ʦһ¶һĨ΢Ц˵Ҷǰʱʧʮ죬ǲ鵽ȥӲμѵҸյ˺죬һһѵӪġ
ѵӪ
ԣϵĶʱ¶ЦҶﲻǿֻк㹻ǿˣΪԼ顣
ǰ²ûܷӳˡ΢΢̣Ȼ˵
ʦԣ̲סüͷһôţܸоԼƿһȥ϶Դġ
Ӧ֪һﲢ򵥣ЩǰĴɱʧˣϣҪһΣǲܳɹôǾͻԵúܱǲԸǵģǰò
һ˵㲻Ҫȥ˭ȻǸ׳գȴѪˣ˹ֵһǰȥҪǲɹô־˵ˡ
˵΢΢˶ʲôһ˵ǵҲɳȥɣôٻܳ£ҪȻǾǰˡ
ҪҶоѹǺ𣿡ͷʦò˹а̾գһӱ濴Ȼȫʵϵ
ôʣ΢΢˵ͷǿ϶˶Է²⡣
ͷʦõǵĴ𸴣ĬܾãҪҶΪԼһѽ϶Ÿֱӵķֻһʱ벻ѡ
Ҷﲢ֪Լߺׯ԰飬ʱҲǿӦ鷳ĶԲߡΪԼ֪Ըٻ˾ˣʵϺٻ͸ˡǾҶ֪˶ԷͷҲȷ˭ҪԸٻоЩ鷳Ŀǰ֪һһŲ֪
ϣһжƽɡҶüͷšһ̾˿
Ҷ˼ʱ򣬵绰ͻȻҶֻһȴ޾ģæ˽
ҶСӲǰ˰ɣȥҲû绰Ҳ̫˰ɣ绰һͨʹ޾Ҷ΢΢һЩַĵʱѵЩů⡣
УСӲҲûϵⷴǹˡ
ԣ޾ٺһЦ漴˵˵°ɣδ绰ΪٳСһۣҪҽ㡣
һۣ
ҶЩⲻŹȥһܵʱʲôþ۵ģȺѵôģû¾ͳӣǵжа
Ȼô룬ҶȻ˵ԼҲգҶͬˡʺʱص֮ҶоܸϣͿžۻĵطȥ
һСʱҶһߵľƵſڣͣóҶ;Գȥ˵Ҳɣսžлٴ˺һ󣬾ͳŰȥ
ʱҶ֪ٳΪʲôҪôۻˣΪԭһ˴Ժ󣬾Ҫȥĵط߾ˡоԺܼĻˣŷξۻᡣ
ҶҸоͦõģһй䣬û椣˵ļлٴ˵Ż¶һ˿Թһ˽ǮԼһȻҲЩҪڸ档
Ҷһ⻰ٿһıʱЩһͲ֪Ҽбľ˵Ķʱ椣Դӻ⼸춼æˡ
ҪĽҲˣ϶ıһ
лٴһ⻰Цҡҡͷ˵㵱൱һֱ˼ģһŮɱ֡ϧҼͷӲҪҵҪǸתҵȥǲñˡ
⻰ҶҲ֪ôӲˡ˵Ҳ֣޾лٴҲСˣԼӳ飬ͲеϢ
˱˵ߣܿ͵˰ſڡƿ߽ȥҶ﷢Ѿ˰˾ŸˣЩҶﶼϤһμЩˡ
ףôһˣòǰһǸɶ˰ɡ޾һһæһ˵⻰һ˶̲סЦ
첻СǲƤˣһͲ˵˻Ƿᰡ޾ĵ٩ҶȻܵû£ôҲҪȥǡ
ҶķӦлٴһͲʲôˡһһ⻰Ҳ죬ֱӾͳ޾ȥȻһЦϵ޾
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лٴСӱ̬ˣǣǲһˣôܰӡʱ޾һĲҽҶ￴һĻԵЦЦЩһﻹ֣һ򶼲š
ʱҶͻȻǼ˵ˣҪǻţһҲɡţЩ̾޳һĶĳЩʱȴ̫ˡ
ҶôٳɿҶɫ̫ãʱһʲôˣæתƻ
Ҷԣ˼˵ǰûСӣôҲǸ˰һҪúһ١
ٳԣһЦͨı֣ټϼ˵ĻǳװƵĵЩҵͬʱҲ΢΢ʧ䡣
ٺ٣ȷʵˣĽƲ˹ֻܹҪܳԡٳɹһЦ˵
һĹǰϹֵҲֹͣнǣ޾ױ˺Ű˴
ǣ̫ûˣһڡ޾Ŵһί˵Լǵ٩һ䣬ԾһôȺŹҡ˵ֻǵ٩ҶлٴˣĶôޣŴ֡
Слٴһһм˵Сû»鷳ûһӦأһˣš
˻ʱ򣬰ٶȱƿһˣæ˹ȥҲһˡ˶æк
ٳɵ˶˵ˣɤ˵֯ۻأҪôҾһۡӦö˵ˣҪĵطˣҲټˣԽ룬ǾͷſĶӳԣſ˺ȡ
ٳ⻰ҲʱõȲ˶ˣǷ׷׳ΪǴүҲעʲô֮ĶϯǸֻӲȺΪҶϸߣԲƴơҶȻҲܾʹĺȥľҲ⡣
һȥתۼ͵˾ŵʱ򣬴ʱ˶Ա㣬ٳΪǽۻǣԱ˹Ͳʡˡ˶ˣҶͰ˻ȥٳɻƵˣֻܰھƵˡ


299 Σ
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޾ҾˣΪʲôֲȾơ˵˳ֶ϶һ󰮺ðôôִҶ￪ųųһֵʵ
޾⻰һ˿ΣϾԼһˣҪţ˭᲻˼
ҰǰҲȾƣֻ˵һΪȾƵҪ飬ֱܵ˵СһҲûȥĿˣŶôϸ񡣡
ԣҶüͷ΢΢һԼȾˣôԼĶӡӦþһҧʮ¾˰ɡȻҶûʲôҪ˼ҵļҲ˵ʲô³ĬרĿ
ʱҶͿų˱³Ժ˾ͳűȥҶЩֵǣǾȻţѵǺٻûйţ
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Ϊٻңûмʱóѣһʱ䣬Ҳ޾ҲϻֱӽҶҲǺֱӻսһ
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ϻܶࡣҶһɱ˵ֱ۽浲ס϶ķȡ
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ҶУ͵ط㲻ԺƴƴҲ㲻Կ޾Ψһ뵽ƽֵİ취ԼãʹԷ˫عˣҲʱܡҲԼĻᡣ
ţ޾Է˦˫عҲ㣬üĳһյһȭԷı
һʱûӦֱӱһȭһ㣬ԲӰս
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˵ŻתһذףȻһмĿ˽µһۣһ˿˷ܡ


300 ߵɱ¾
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Ҷһֱڹע޾ʱҲע⵽ϵ˿ҵı顣ҶһֱڵȻᣬǸᡣ
ڿзٻγһԲڴͬʱָɳö룬ĿǸԵ
СġһĻе̲ͫסһ붼¥ϵҶﲢûΪĳ˿оԵţǸһɡԺѣû˿á
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301 ٹ
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302 
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303 ޾
ٻʰԺ󣬾߳˳һڴ۵Сۣ̲סЦһ¡˵һ˵Ҫȥϰ࣬¥ʰˣȻš
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Ҫ֪޾ģΣ̶ȲһĴԼүǵûʲôǺٻһŮӣȴܵѣʵЩס
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ԴҶȻ̸ܾǳҪеģҶԼ˵ȻԽԽá˾ͳŻȥ˿ûǽȥ˼ֻεĵȴš
ĿֻһЩ˵ҶһͲɵ˵
һ⻰ˡһʱżƵóѵĿУϴ˲ǺôˡҪĶһӲҵġ뱣ǸСѾͷܱ
ȴ͸¶Լ뷨ںٻû£ҶﻹԼԤĿˡں߻кܴüֵȻǵʱ¶һ˿΢ЦװһƬĵ˵Щ˵ȴǵʵ̫ǿˣҪǸҶϵܣǾǰ㺦˰
һ⻰Ҷжʱһ۾˵Ϲһ㶼ġԼʲôԼεŮƷ˼
ǣ㲻ǰװӣûкϻ˼벻һ仰Ҫٶһ䣬תͷߡҶĵûһ˿øУټԭͲãӡ
һ⻰ҪЦ滢ı죬ȻὫԼɱⱩ¶ֻ΢΢һЦվ׵λȥȻóֽˢˢˢдʱٶȻһݸҶ
˶棬ŲνǵĿ˵ȴԺ飬ҪһѵӪģôļֵ̫ġڸղţԵͷĿдȥҪҶܽЩ˶ɵˣô˵ǺٻԸͶƱĽɽҵģԺҲԼġ
ҶﲢûĻֻֽɨһۣһĮȻĴ˿ڴȻǵĹǲǽЩȫɵҪķչ״̬
ϣס˵ĻҪȥźٻ򡭡Ҷﶢǵ۾˫Ŀб˵ĺû˿ĻлĴ
ǵ岻Ķ˶Ȼźۼһ񡭡һһɱܶ˰ɡ˵ǳױŵˣȻԴĿһвκ˷Ҷ£һεĸо
߷ӦҶЦһﳤȥһɫϱõǡ
Ҷ͵ɣò˶ãҾ֪ʲôͿ־塣֮ǻ˹дԹȴڽǲ֪Ժ󣬵Ҷµʱжôڵľ
뿪ׯ԰ҶŽиȥȻŪˣǽ㶯֡Ǹʱ򶼱עЩ˵ݡöԸˣǽɵͷĿںЩһЩҪְˣЩ˾סĺҶҪҳԪף϶Ҫ뿪һʱġ
һ·ٻţҶͼæ¥ȥҺٻʱĺڰ칫ǰûע⵽ҶĵҶ￴˼ӣһ˿ϧһ΢Ц˹ȥ
ϱʲôأľȻûҽ
ٻԣҶ¶һ˿΢Цʵ˰һΪ첻ء
ٻô˵ҶٺһЦ˵ˣһҾ͹ˣԷû
ûأҲ̫ٻЩ˵Ҷ﷢Ѿͷǲ˵ѻ˳²ûԷȴ˵ɲ̫
ҲûԣȥԷɡҶЦ˵
ٻһ¾͵˵ͷӦˣϵİҶ߳˰칫ҡ˺ܿһҲĲ򵥵ĵ˼֮Ҷ˵
ϱи뷨֪ӦӦ˵
ٻԣһЦ˸ۣһʲôʱôˣƺʶҶ
ʲô鰡˵˵
Ҷһ£Ȼ󻺻˵Ҵסһ£ѾȫˣЩ˺׾ҵ㣬ҺܲġҡҶ˵ⲻ֪Ӻ˵ˣҰԼĴ˵ֱ˵
ٻԣüͷʵʲôµģʲôֱ˵
Ҷɫһص̾˿˵Ҫ뿪һʱһЩ飬֮ǰ㻻԰ȫĵطģһʱҺܿͻٻġ
ٻ仰ɫʱįͬʱļͣĶţƺĪίһ
ûбİ취𣿡ٻĻܵͣҶﻹˣЩ̣ŮһиԼԼͬůĸ塣ȻڣҶﲻòһ뿪ΪЩǱصΣճʳѰԸ⺮ٻʱ̵ĻΣУڱС


305 ̵ĵ绰
ҴӦ㣬һŻһһеĲ춼ȥԺһֱ㡣ƽǺٻļȴĸ̧ͷϴˣ˫Өε۾һĿǰӡ
֮ЦЦͬһСӬ˵ҵҸ
һ˲䣬ҶоԼĺݺݵĳ鶯һ£һĨɬѹֵԸозصҵҸ仰̫ˡ
Ҷ۾ʹգ˼£ݺݵĵ˵ͷʲôȥƴܻ仰Ѿ㹻ˣ
һ֮ʱһȢ㡣Ӵ˲벻ֱ쳤ؾá
ԷɡƺǸоԼĻеɿˣٻɫ΢΢죬Ѿӣæѵ
һ緹ڳĬп˵ĺٻҲ˺ܶ࣬ƺ˳극Ҷͺٻص˾Ժ󣬾ٴ뿪
ոպٻȻͬ뿪ôͬ⻻סˡȻһס飬Ҷ˴㣬һϳ͸Զ˸绰סһʱ䣬ΧĻЩϤġסĶǴԹ󣬰ȫӦȫõˡҶǴ·ѡ
Ҷϵܣû˰ɣ㿴Ҳ㡣ɱֵģѾ³顣Զһͨ绰æ˵ΪҶ绰Ҫ顣һ˽һЩҶΪʲôôˡ
Ҷһô˵Цһ˵ϸˣû¡绰һ£Ƭûõıһҡ
򷿣
Զ΢΢һ㶣Ҷʲô˼ˡںߵı˹˼Σ»طסҲ֮СķӲǮ򵽵ģҪһĹٷݰЩΪԶˡ˼һᣬԶ۾ͻȻһ뵽Լƺһš
ԶסĵطԼܵķӣ߳ھУԾͰŮҲһֱסԼȴһֱšС˵鷿ߵģڿֻӦӦˡ
Ҷϵܴ˻棿ҪӣУȹҪǺʵĻס
⣬Ҷ⻰ЦһҪܾȴֲ֪ô˵֮£ֻӦ
˵绰Ҷͳȥʱ͵ˡҶﵽˣԶдһʹҶȥҶＸƴǣ뵽ԼֻǷ顣
ӵĹԶסļûʲô𣬶ҰҶҲϸһ£⡣
ϸ磬ⷿҺ⣬㿪۰ɡҶ΢΢һЦ˵
Զһ⻰ʱЩˡֻһ˵ҶϵܣⷿҲ㣬ҲóġҪǮǾǴˡ͸㶼У̸Ǯˡ
Ҷ΢΢һ㶣û뵽Լһ仰ôĲʵⲻȥԼ˵ϸ磬齻飬ҪĻĲܽܡ̸ǮȻǸô컹ô죬ͱƴˡ
СӣԶ΢΢һ̾Щ˼˵ȷʵǷҶ飬һֱ뻹飬ϧҶһòʲôȱԼԼæЩС£Զûаšκòܻˣû뵽ҶﻹôЩѿ
ⷿҲţҿǮˣסˡԶƺɿڣ˵
Ҷ΢΢һЦ˵ϸ磬ˣⷿǲܽܵģ㻹۰ɣҲİòǣͱΪˡ
Ҷûиı˼Զ֮£һԸָͷȻ˵Щ귿ز߰ɡ

ҶЩĿԶһֵۣεı㵱СһôҲҪǧ򰡡ʲô룬Ҷȴû˵óЯ֧Ʊˢˢˢд
Զһ΢΢˿˳ȥһﻹ治һľΪһ壬̶漰ǴȱǮǮԶֻǸ֡ҪǹϵǽǮ
һᣬǵԶҶݹ֧Ʊʱɫʱͺһ˵дһǧʲô
ϸ粻ҪˣӾˣε黹Ҫллϸ硣ҶЦ˵
Զ⻰ɫһ󵭵ĵ˵ͷ̸һᣬҶٴ뿪ˡڷӵ㶨ˣôǰˡ⵹ʲô鷳飬ֻҪһЩճƷУЩ׾ܽ
塭Ϥĵ绰Ҷæ绰Ļһİĺ룬ü
ιǣͨ绰ҶЩһʵ
ͣһ£ȻһҶǽ̣ʱһˣЩҪ˵
̣Ҷһ£Լʲôʱиˣôûӡ󡣲Ǵ绰˰ɣҲ԰֪ҵ֡
ǣҶЩεʵ˵ʵͦ˵ģ˼ܼǵԼԼȷһ֪ҪҶƤ񣬻治˼ʳ
÷꣡û뵽СӾȻԼˣʱͳ
仰ҶٺһЦ˵֪ʲô飿
Ǹµˣ̸пһ䣬˵绰˵Ҷһˡ󲻵ҶﷴӦ͹Ҷ˵绰
ཱུҶʱо˶ˡⶼʲôˣ˵˵ǳҲڼӰɡв˵һͨҶüͷȻʱйϸ뽭ˣǵúߵʱĸоЩ⣬ҶܸоһЩ¡ͻȻԼѵԼʲô
ˣȥһ˰ɡв޵̬ȣҶоһˡת˳ͷ˷Ҷͳżеʻȥһʱ䣬ҶǸ۵Ĳ÷ꡣ
ˣҶţ̵ı鲢ûзʲô仯վȥһһ˵Źϣҽ
⻰ҶӲкҲǸˣ߽ıе֣ǵºֻܹ֮͡ţȥ
ʱѾϣıЩᣬҶ￴һĻҲû룬ֱӲ˸طȴź˵
Ӧúûʲôɣ֮󣬽̵ɫһһ˵
Ҷһ岻ɵֱһЩȻ˼һ»شû´ĻһΪΪٻٻɣ֪Ҫ˵ЩʲôԸ⵱һڡ
ڣʣƺЩ⣬ѵΪԼµɫЩˣһ˵Ҷ£ҪúٻҸͰ˼Ҳϣٻ
仰Ҷɫ䣬һʱЩƵĿ̡⻰νأҪ˵ȻҶ϶ҪЩ˵
˵ɣʲô顣ҶЩ䣬ҲǱѹֵơ
̿ûһЦ˵ɽáҸ
ҶһȻΪߵһͶеĽ١Լ䲻Ϻٻ˭˵ģŮƺܵЩ̫Ϊˡ


306 
ȥѾ֪˺ٻЩҾͲ˵ˣ˵ģһҪҲϣΪ֪úٻί˵ͣһ£ȻҶһۣɫָһЩٶȳ˵
ҳ鱨ãҵĸ鱨ʮ꣬˵ļ֤֮£Һͺٻĸ׺ƶ˻Լܳӣû֮һܼ޸һԸȻһ죬ǸŮı۰ʱҵγױˡٻĸҴѧʱڵĹۡǵʶ˵һִٳɵģû뵽ߵһ𡣡̵ЩƺǻʲôҶȴ𶯲ѣû뵽ǰһŮˣȻľھȻƽ˵ʹһԹһ㡣
Ǹִŵˣ϶ͷţȻ⣬վѡӱܡͺٻĸһΪˣү˲Ϊ鵽ΪֹȻһжΪһЩ˵ıˡүһ󣬵ǼܲסĳЩĻ̥롣ΪԪϣȻҶԸĿѾߵơ
̵ܵŭ籡ʹҶҲԸܵĵֻ֪ٻ˫ǳȴһֱ֪е飬ڿһ顣
ֵõֵܣʱѾɱ˫ۣĻ֮顣Ϊ֪һУôӹ鱨õ۾ϧҸҪϱһеʱ򣬺үʹʧӵ£ҸȨ֮£ֻ֪̣֪ܽȥû˵
̣˵ٻĸҵˣҶһ󵨺Щŵʵ
ԲмЦЦȻ˵ǲǸо˼飬ʵˡ
ѲⰡҶп˵ҺͺҹϵӦúܺõģڿֹʵı̫֮İࡣ
̸֪˵Щʲô˼Ҷ˼һһɵʵٻĸ׵˺ߣ϶Ǻܺ˵ģڿôûк⣬ѵҲˣ
Ϊʲôǰɣʵ˵ȷʵ޹һӣܻڳСǸӣʹֻͣҲˡԴǼԺҾͰ˽ǣչźٻҵҪ˺ΨһѪүӿܾʲôס˺ٻһֱҶѺٻԼŮ㲻ûʲô֪飬ôģжӦҪж˰ɣ
Ů˰
Ҷи̾һ䣬ԭĽҲȫˡں˵飬Ȼ쵫ҲûƵ˼Ϊ鱨õˣԼ٣Ҳûʲôֵġ
ҴõЩҳͻƿڡҶһ£ʵ˵ûʲô֮ԼжЩµķ˵˵ܰﵽԼ
ǵĹҿҵҪҪԸʲôˡ̲мһЦ˵
Ȼ̵ķӦҶ֪ԼˣҲ룬ݸ˺ߡ
̽ӹϸʱƣɫԽԽ䣬ǿĵγˮ
ϧ̩ΪһҪĻҵ̵Щˣ˼ģĶǾ˾ΪģȻڣȴݺȻΪһëͷСӣ߿϶ɡ
̣ǲ˵һ㣬ò̫סʲô̩ɵģͱв
һЩɵˣ˶ҳġĿҪıһ¡̵˵üͷ˼
˵˵ļƻɣô顣
Ҷһ£Ŀ˵һ֣ɱΪ˽Ըٻ˶ҶˣֻЩ˶ȥˣƽϢ¼
û뵽ҶôֱӳĬ֮Щԥ˵̫СЩˣǲ׶Ըкܶ˶߲㣬ɱǺѣ㲻ȥðա
Ҷ仰Щů˵ĲûдԼѡǻİɣ϶ѶԸⲢܳΪԼ˱ܵɡ
ԼСĵģѾ鷳̸еĶԺٻвˡ
ƺΪĻΪһ˵ƾʲôôϣƾݣٻҪһʵı䣬һ嶯ëͷСӡ
ʨӲȫҶô뵱Ȼڽ̿һͷԵˡЩʧҲЩá
Ҷ仰һ˿㵡оǰ֮ŮˣƺʲôԼǱ鶼֪Ҳ̫Ǹɶ˰ɣѵԼôûأ뵽ڱ£Ȼˡ
ˣҲҪɵǲģҪľնףɵʼٸߣʣµƲʲôҶﵭĿ˵˵Żʼע⽭̵ķӦԼҪǰˣôʱ϶ңҶЩĽ֯ԼϾҲˡ
̿˿Ҷı飬аЦһ̾˿˵Ҫǻ꣬ǰô˵ҿ϶ֹ㣬ڲһˣȴҪһδˣѾĲˣҲǴλᡣ
⻰Ҷаһϲ߲ԼٺòˣԼˡ˵Ž鱨Ĵһ£ʵЩ˷ˡҪİԼжҲֻ࣬Ҫݸɱ־㹻ˡ
Ұ㣿ҶеСǣ̵ʵСһòе˼鶼ĳԼˣôֱӣͲԼ⡣Ȼ룬ǽȴ֪Ҷ˵ҲҶģҲѺĿġ
ҶٺһЦȻ˵ͷʾ߲¶ˡ
Ұҹ˽һ뷨Ҫ㣬㲻õһ̹Ȼ˵ԼûĳЩԴǸһӲ׵ȥԺû˹СΨһľǿźߵŮúõȥ̫Ŀǡ
ʲôʱһʵ
Ҷԣüͷ˼һȻ˵粻˳٣ֻҪܰѺٻٺҾͳҶ֮ô˵ȥһˣС֮ǰԼİ֣ҶúԼ뿪󣬱ٻİȫ
Ҷô˵΢΢һЦ˵ɣٻİȫģ϶һͷ

ҶЩĿ̣ȻЩߵˡҪôǰٻΪʲôôΣգ
ҶһɵĿԼһ֪ʲôˡǰԼݲʺϲУֻܿŸżȻż̫ΣյҲǳֻ֣Ҷﲻ֪ѡڲͬˣԼ֧ҶжվɵĶ棬ȻѾˣԼҲûҪںʲôˡ
㲻ûңξͿˣٻģҲϿЦ̵˵վӵһȥ
ֻǽϵһ¶һҶЩĿ˹ȥǸзһһһ߼ĺľӡͣһ£ӱ˳Ҷǰ


307 
̣ǣҶЩɻʵ
΢΢һЦ˵ҶѼ֤ݣұΪòˣҪԶõˡ滹һЩǶԸٻٻЩ˵ϡԼɡ
ô˵ҶĻ׽ʲô˼˼ǿԼ̫˵һвġ˼һЦȻ˽һ˺ľӡ
涼һЩֽϣЩ¾ɡЩӦǸշŽȥģҶЩµӦþǶԸٻЩ˵ˣҲû˿
Ҷϣ˺ܶ࣬ЩһĶһЩصķǺȻУǵ֣ҶЩɻĿ̡˵Ǹһʹ±ٻأôڰжԸٻ
һɻı飬΢΢һЦ˵ǲΪʲô棿
ҶЩ˼ͷȻͷʾ߲¶ˡ
ȻһֱͼٻٻԼӪҲ߻˼δɱĿĲԶʹúٻоΣС˱ɸ£ȻδǷɳȥгһһǸҪԸ棬Ҫȶ֣ɹǽ
ԭˣҶ⻰һ˿򡣿ԼһֱԺߵӡͲǴģһǸͷβαӡһֻܸһ²Ż֣˱С˸ӿ¡
ϴȥɣЩӦûЩ̵˵
Ҷһ⻰оЩֵֹģ⻰ôĸоҲԼ룬Ȼ˵˼䣬Ҷ뿪˲÷ꡣ뿪ʱ̸жʱһҪȺϵṩ鱨
Ҷ˵̶ԼһܴİԼ¼ҹһҪԸôˣֵּĽɫ鱨֧֣ɡ
·ϣҶǺͽ̵Ƚ֮£ܿȷһЩֵĿꡣЩ˶Ϲеģʮ֮нɵİС
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ȵһи㶨֮Ѿߵˡٻǰտıһ˿û뵽һԼҪ뿪ǸطòطסΪ˲ҶﵣģʱûпǾʹӦҶĽ飬ʵжЩԸֻûֳѡ
ǶǸĸĵطҲܸо¶ȣڣò뿪
ϱоôٻЩʧ䣬Ҷæתƺߵע
ٻһЦȻ˵ͷ
Ժǵļˣϱȥѡһӣͷ͵ǵԡҶٺһЦ˵
ʲôǵԣһﲻԼһӰɣٻɫ΢죬ɵļӿࡣҲһĳЩԽԽڣ粻˵ĺá
ҶƤ£ٻû취ͬԼסһȻҶ˵ǰһһкܶ໰Ҫ˵ġǺٻоһ˵ĶϹʲôʱ˵㻹˼Ҫѡϣ㵱ұ
źٻȥϴ裬ҶϵЦ⻺һ£뿪ңֻɽһҵǸ˵ĺ룬˹ȥ
ιãǣ绰дһҶ΢΢һ㶸һǸŮİ
ɿһҶﵭ˵Ҷʲôط
ϰ壬˼Ҳ֪ڡĥ¥أҪ𣿡ҶʱС£ǰǸʲôСѾͷʱСһֱѵҲ˺ܲ֡
ǰСߵʱ򣬰˵иҶ˿ܻԼϰ塣ôȥˣΪԼСƭأû뵽ǸҶﾹȻĴ˵绰
ýţȻĥ¥ô糿ŵ컨԰103ű㡣ǵðѶšҶﵭ˵˵͹Ҷ˵绰
վھ޴شǰһҶ̾˿ȥ
Ҷȥˣһźٻɻʵ
ҶٺһЦʵϱǲǵȲˣôһĹ򶼵Ȳˡ
ٻһ⻰һ˿ŭҪ
һٻⷴӦҶʱٺһЦȥ˼ԣҪ˯ˡ
Ƚȥϴ裬˯ٻ΢죬˵һǲһ˲ϴ裬ܴȥûںҵĸܡ
һ⻰Ҷһ¡һҶõı飬䡣ٻһıŪһ죬ⶼʲôˣôʱ뵽Ƿ档ֻϴһ£㾹Ȼ뵽ķ棬ĺ
ҶһĹϴˣȻЩ͵˳һЩɵˡʲô˵õͬһôˡ
ϱǣҶЩƵ˵ͬʱָָµ̺Ѿõĵ̡
ٻ仰ÿŵ־ȻһȻ˵ĵ̰ôˣٻ˵ţȴѾֿ˻åټ˼ѾӦˡҪңǾͲܹˣá
ϱ㿴ŷӺþûסˣҴ̲̫ðɡҶɸһЦС˵Ҳ̫Ǹɶ˰ɣ綼ϴ͸ҿⲻ۸ʵ
Ŷ˵ô죿ٻװһյӣǾ˵ǴĨƻĵ⣬Ҷһ
ϱϲһ㣬ϲԵһ㣿ҶһЦ˾ĪĻ󲻻ĿٻǱ鿴Ҫж
ʲô㣬ǰԵģʲô˼ٻЩɻĿҶ׼ʵʱȴҶһֻһԼ
ҶɫǣͻȻѹ£ٻʱлͣš
СѾͷɫǣȻ㲻ֻܡ
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ҶﶨĿӣԵĸо֪ԼϵĵӸˡ
ٻԽԽ죬ЩһϲŪ˼ÿζ졣ţٻʹҡͷԼС˳æСĿڡ
Ҷˣ
㻹Ҵ̲ˣ
ٻĵ˵ͷҶ￴ôᶨʱˬСѾͷ˶֪²òͷĵڻӲҵüȥ
ǲġҶһƶ˵Ĳٻƺһ˵Ļһ飬ев֮⣬ҶЩ顣
Ӻɷ򣬻ܱСŮвɣ˵Ͳôţ˵ʲôҲҪٱһţҶͼᶨĵ˵ͷ
ٻּҲ֪ôģȴ΢΢һЦƺͬĳ˵޳оҶ￴õЦݣʱһ֣ΪԼĴˡҪٴμոδҵɫȴ͵һ䡣
ϱҴˣ㰡ͻȻһҾ徵Ľĳһٵı֤£Żָƽ


308 鱨
һҹʱ䣬峿˵һĿʼʱ˵Ӧ÷ĺáǶںٻ˵Ŀ糿ȴôá
ҶĳʧҰУٻɫЩҰף׵ݽҧ촽̫ķ۴ϳһĿ졣Թ˱룬̶̵ʮʱ䣬Ҷһ뿪ߡһΣȻΪԼİΣ̤սĵ·
㣬ϰȥʲôЩֵźٻʵǸһԼԼźٻٻİȫʲôû˵ܲΪҶҪԼȥμʲôΣյ飬û뵽Ȼڡ
ٻԣ̾˿˵ǲ˵ˣȽȥɣ㶫ʰһ£ҸŪ
ٻƺԸ˵Ŷһźٻ˽ȥ
Ҷ￪ųӣû˿顣˵ںٻǰԱֵᣬôһ̣Įʱ粻ֹ˵Ĳٿ£ٴ̤̣һҪһУٻһǬ
ûд̣§źٻ˵˺ܳʱĻ֪ٻ˯ȥҶܸоŮһ̳ױԼڻˣһҲӼˡ
Сʱ򣬳ӽ뽭еʱ仹磬ҶﲢжĵһĿʵǿסв̽иֵܽв̽𻢡һֵͬܣڽҲ
ҪƷͷز⣬Ѿ˽ʮʷСܱ鼰У߶ĿҶէ͸оЩš
֮ͨ˽̵ĵ绰ĴӦҶϵ绰þٴδ˹ֻһ䣺㣬˻ڽҶſں棬Ҫʲôġ
µ绰ҶüͷȻGPSλܿҵνĽҶ߾ڵλòǺԶҶһ£ҸطԵ㶫¡˵黹磬ȫż
˼С꣬Щ򵥵ļҳˣȻߵĳˮ˼ϵжҶǸˣȻһ˵ȥˣֱЧİ취Ǵɱɵ̽̽ˣ˵㹻ˡ
ɫЩʱϾͿʼѩûǴĻ붬ĵһѩҶ￴ڽֵϻţżϵı䣬һƬ
㣬Ҷ׼ʱڽҶſڣҲ̧ۿȥһ۾ͿſڴиΪ඼ˡҶﵭһЦֱ˹ȥֱ֪ͨĲӵ˾ǺԼǸˡ
Ҷɣû뵽ô׼ʱã󡣡Ҷ߹ϸһ룬æк
ҶһĻ֪Լû´˵ͷ˵Ҷ
к֮£Ҷ߽ܿ˽Ҷһһ¿˵Ҷ涼ˣеڼҪʲôܺᣬһ쵽
ͦŶ⻰ҶﵭЦЦȻ˵Ǿ鷳ˡ
оҶԼܿǸദˣҲ¶óһֽݸҶȻ˵֪ҶĿģ鱨Ѿˣĸ˵һ֮ڵĻţҶ㿴һ¡
ĸˣҶЩĿ󣬲ܿˣӦǽԼšѾ֪ԼĿģһԽĸ˶ˣ⵹ʡ˲¡
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Ҷǲʲôѣ㾡˵ܰæ󿴵Ҷı飬ΪҶ鱨⣬æС˵εܿأΪ˵ˣֻҪܰҶźãһСӳɼʱζŵĺ£ڻǰȻץסˡ
Ҷһ»ʵ˵֪̽𻢲̽ƽʱʲô˵ڲϯʱһ㶼
⻰¶һ˿ɵЦȻ˵˴ʱ䶼ڰܲһнҹܻᡣϵʱ򣬲̽ǻԼıס̽ڽҹܻš
⻰Ҷһ£Ͼ뷨ĲܶʱڽˣƱػһЩ鷳һʹ֪ĸɵһȻٸһطŪһϣֻҪԼֵһʱ򲻱¶ȫԳɹ
Ѳ̽ıλøңˣܸܲŪһҶһµ˵
ٺһЦŵ˵Ѿ׼ˣڱĵַд㡣˵ŻʹӻóһϰŵĶˣҶﶨһװŵһǹ϶ʱº
ڶ˽֮󣬾ͷͷ뿪ˡҶŪԼҪ鱨͵ϵжˣѾע⣬ȴӲ֣̽Ͼס϶̫ˣж¶ĿҲήͺܶࡣ
Ҷٴϵʱ·Ѿһ㱡ѩڽѩԵʣ˺ܶ࣬Щ䡣ΪûʲôҶһ˯ľƵ֮꣬ڸй
һ͵ߵӣ˸ط˵㶫ͻصƵϢж֮ǰûֻоСķմﵽĿꡣ
һѾʮһˣϴһ£Ҷͳţų̽ڵλʻȥ賿ȽϷɵʱʱķҲܽ͵㣬Ҷ׼ʱж
ͣһ۵·ΣҶ￴ʱ䣬Լ²ûѾһˡ˳ŲԶĽȥ
һĲѩصķ⣬ǴҶվڱԺ棬۲ΧĻߴΧǽΧУϸĹ۲ҶԿΧǽϳ˼أŸѹȫʩúܲҶЩȴͬ衣
¶һ˿мҶͳһ߹ȥȻһܣǽԾȥٽʱҲǺɵı˹ȥ
֮Ҷèӳ̽ڿȥ̽ķ¥濴ĸСľ޴شǸСǲۡһ㿴Ҷ֪һӦǸСĽˡĲıסڵ㣬һЩΪסڶˣһҲֹһЩܴȥѴŪúСһ㶼ûи߶˴ĸо
ϧҶҶ˵ЩΪ谭˳һ¥ˮܵҶɵľͿǸ͸Ҷ﷢һƬڰѾ˯ˡƴǹرŵģҶЩΡһǸСһյûСһ£ҶԼôƴ˵˵ע⣬ⲻҪģֱӾų뷨
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309 ̽
Ҷ￴λ͹Գ̨˼û취ֻԾ̨СĳǱ룬Ҷ﷢һӦƽʱۻ֮ĵط
ֲûʲôΣգҶŵתŲ̽ķȥšһŰѣҶķ֣ҲǹŵģҶĳ嶯һжԼжôСģ˯Ҫš
вˬ֮£Ҷ޲һ߿ţȥļһ룬Ǹô֮£Ҷó룬΢Ĺߣʼʱľžһ΢Ľпˡ
Ҷγ룬˽ȥСΪѩԵʣ滹ǿġҶվڴǰ۵һ毺õŮԣϰ¶棬ں˯֮СҶȻִ⡣ߵһ࣬жһ£ȷʮӾǲ̽жʱ¶һ˿ɱ
ȻôЩˣСүҲƽЩˡҶиһ䣬һӣеͷ̽ü䣬漴ûС̽͵һֱȻз
ǸļһҶ¶һ˿һǸէֵŮ˼һѡŹߡŮ˵ҲǸˣԼûбҪɱԷڲ̽üĴȻǰ˳ֶλǲҪ¶ĺãøԼ鷳
ӻͳһźɫĿƬҶ˲̽ϡŵĹߣɫƬǸԨġɱɼ
߳䣬ҶɫƽĹϷţȻ̨ȥԭ·ءܿ뿪˲̽ıû֪ôһݵĹڽвһô˽
ϳӣҶҲͣ٣ֱٶȳסľƵʻȥѡľŵڽҹܻĲԶйȥͺá
վڽҹܻſڣҶ̧ͷ̻Ի͵Ľ¶һ˿ĪѾ賿ˣȴޱȣʱһԶѰ̼Ůȥ߳Ҷ˵ȫЩôġԼһӶ׷ȥƽΪʲôЩѾӵƽҪе׷̼ʲôɫ
ҡҡͷҶ¶һ˿ζŲȥĿдʱʱɨЩű¶Ůԡ̨Ҷһƣ˸λ۲ΧȻ˿ʹһѰԼ
ҹܻһ¥͵һֳϾסˣܶҵŮ֮󣬶ѡֱҪ䣬ʹʹķһҹ
˧磬һûȤҺȱƣʱһĺʱֵŮ߹ôڨҶ̧ͷһۣ漴ʧȥȤŮӦǳòϻŨŨױҶַθĳ嶯ĹȥĸͲ̫ˣҶԼһҲԲѡġ
˼뾲뿪Ҷ䵭Ŀ˵ǸŮһһ˿ԹŭһվһѣﻹԸءŮһ뿪һ߲޷̵ҶһЦŮ˻ͺˡ
ʱƣҶüͷҲҲЩص㣬ǰ¥ģǿ˼ҶһһԵģоԼȥ϶һЩ˵ע⣬ⲻҪġ
֮£ͿʼѰǰ٣Ȼڹ⡣ǻҶҲˮÿζֶ顣һЩɵˣ˼˵ǲ٣ҲЩģ˼һϵĴŴ磬ʧȥȤܶʱ˵˺ǰǸŮһĻҶҸһҹô˵ˣҾǴһ㣬Ǿôۿ˵͡
ҿҲдģΪʲôǶҵҾͲСѵҳ󣬻ǺŮŮôвţҶЩˡ̽𻢿϶棬ԼҪȥ˵ʲôҲҪҸŮװװӡŮ˶ҲҲ̫ʦ˰ɡ
ףԣǸһϷ˸ʲô
ʱҲҪԼԶһҲŮˣʱЩˬֺߴĺԼ࣬ϷһѳԿףȻŮˡ
ҲУҶЩ뵽ҲаİԼĳԿϡȻͿʼԵȴϧһȥ˿ûջ
֮£ҶվʼڴдܿͷһŮ˳ûϻŵױһɫף˵Ǳصˡ
ǰʱһЩȥڨƺûǸ˼һһܾˡʹԿףҲΪҶһ£ϰڳһº͵Цŵ˹ȥ
ŮܲһʱһͷҶһȥڨˣҶ￴һĻʱЩˡ²˳ôڨȡ
Ůԣһ̧ͷַ£ֻȸƣΪʲôͣɧԼǰһҲǣͷ棬ж⣬һͲǸʲôö
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С˭ſңǲͷиоһʹʱҶԣ¶һ˿΢ЦץźߵֿʼһᣬͷɫЩ鴤ˣȻʹá
ڹأҪŪֱٹҶһڽ˵ͷ亹촽˵Ҵˣſң͹͹
ҶŭһſͷеֱۣͷĻֱͣӻˡҲǸС죬ͨǰզһ£װǺ¡
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ҽ𣿡һ˵һﲻΪԼһС鷳ʸ˰ɣûһö°
ҶȻ֪ǰŮѾԼΪ°£߲ĻһЦ˵Ů˲Ҫֻ̫Ҳû˵ʲôģùҡ
رΪҶԼڣҶĻЩܿ;ӦͨķʽԼע⡣Ҳ˵ֱӰҶﵱ˿ٴκ
ദҶпЦһԼȻֱӱˣЩΡŮ˴ȥܲʵʰҶ˴ǲӦ÷ҸĿ֡ȻܶӣΪ˽жҪˡ
ǲǺģʵʵԴһֱԼʹԼˣҲһֱû뿪кܴĲͬЩ
˵ˣҶһˣһ˵ԵǺβһԾƽǧҶ֮ô˵ΪоǰŮ˲ǳڻ켣ֵطˣӦþʲô飬Լģϧ룬ֻһ˺ƾơ
ȤصһЦеıӣʾҶһҶȻֵˡæƱͶԷıһ¡
ôˣǲǺˣҶ￴ſһŮˣɫʱЩʲô£ոջúõģôԼһ±ƾſˡ


310 ɱ̽
ιٲҾռ˰ҶصĶߺһͼɶԷϧûһҪ˵˼ˡ
ֻһˣԣӦ໥Ҷ˵һ䣬վߵص԰ذѺ߷غ˲٣ȫǲʡ£ȫҶʩΪ
شȺڼȻúܶע⡣˼֪СͼɫǸᣬҶʱЩվûźƵŮ˿ҹֵܻطǺܳġ
Ҷܿҵ˵ݿڣһ£һ֣¥λáҹܻߴʮ㣬Ҷ﷢ֻ֣һʮĲ㣬ʮĵƹǰŵģζϲʮ㡣뵽ǰרõݣҶܿȷ˲̽Ӧסʮϡ֮¥ǲΣյľء
¥ҶܿڷԱĴҵһ䣬֮Ĵ۲һ£ûзʲôͷ֮ĶһЩŴ²֪ŮҶͷЬѵȻ˯ã˱ӡ
һУҶڴ߿ʼһжƬ֮ţ¥ݿȥȻŵʮ¥ݣҶͿʼȥʮ¥·ϧתһȦû¥ݣʱ
ӶһУôҶﰵһڿʮ¥ûͨ·ôֻһҪʮ㣬ֻܴһרõݽ룬ȻֱȻǲܵģΪרõվˣȻǲҶȥġ
׸ôأҶЩû뵽ԼеСඣ͸Լô谭仰һ㶼ûдһܰŵﾭӪķˮȻǼ򵥵
ʱҶ۾ͻȻһݿ߳һ໥ŮһˣǰǸͷС˯˾ͷа취ˡ
Ŀ߽һ䣬Ҷ߼ڶԷûغ֮ǰһ˽ȥ
㡭˭ͷ۾գͻȻҶһʵҶ￴żһûٺȣȻ˵ʲôһƵȥͷо̱˵ϡţҶҲܽͷУֱӳȥʱǸŮſڴϣҶһֱ߹ȥͬķʽκߡ
ߵ̨ϣҶ￪ʼ۲ͷԶʮ¥̨ҶǶȲܿκζĿһ¸߶ȣеҶַŷȥϵŮڵϣͿʼ˺𴲵ʱһɴšɵļӾͳС˿ܵƷֱƻһյͷƣȻнƳɵĵƾŪһҶоӦòˣͰӵһͷ
Ƶļ׹ٴ̨ȻнһͷȥȻùʮ¥̨ϣҶקקӣĵ˵ͷ
СվϣȻһ˫͵һˣʱ˳ȥڰգҶ˫ֲûţץ֪쵽ʮ¥̨زٶȲӵĴҶ˿Լʮ¥ˤȥƬ̺ץ֮ϣ֮˳Ľʮ̨
֮ҶѸٵĴһĻĹе㰵ҶﲢûпκӰĴڡѾ賿ĵˣѾ˯ˣǶ˯ˡҶŲƿŲųȥ
ʱһŨصζҶüͷһִһӣŰں˯Ҷ߹ȥ򿪵ƣ̾˷ӦֲͼʱҶǹѾϡ
Ҳ̽𻢵λãһǹԴҶһЦ˵˿вһˡһⳡ棬ǲûоţȻĸ߲Ѿִ档
ѣлú˵ǸʲôһûлشҶ⣬ʵ
⵹ǸԼǹԴϾȻû̫ĺ£ҶЩ֡
ʲôˣ˵Ӧú㻰ʵش𣬲ȻҶĻû˵꣬е˼ȷˡ
һüͷ侲˵ҸܷŹң
ףǰӦôǰܵôһԼˣν³ҶвɵĽڴͬʱһ˿ڽεĺܺãûбҶ﷢֡
ҪǲѣҵǿԿһ¡ҶﵭһЦ˵ȴЩϷʡһΪԼɵԼһᷴ
ʱǸֱӶˣ֪УǰͻȻһһ£ԼĻᡣĽƴ֮һԼһֱţͨɱһ㶼Եǰ
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Ҫٶһ£Ҿûô˵ˡĲκθĻﵭĴеĶ䣬ֱ͵һ٣ʧȥ֧һ㣬ȥ
֪һᷴЩʵԼĶѾˣϧǰһĶ졣
ҶԣȴûлشĻеǹ͵ǰ˶˼ԣҪٷϻһ䣬ͱºˡ
գڶ䣬Ͳ̽һˡһ£˵²òͷԴ¶ڱ˵ǹ£ӲҲ¡ֻϣһܷԼһ·ˡ
ԣҶﵭһЦĪʵʲô֣ʲôλã
ҶԼ֣Щ̧ͷһǸ˰ôôԡʲô˼Լֺйϵ𣬻˵űͼ
ҽʤǲ̽𻢵ıڡ
ڣѹһסʮ¥̽Ӧ˱Լģϧû뵽һĹʤͰˡ
ϵʽң㡣Ҷ˼һ£ĳ˵֮ôһЩġĴУĳѹ£òԿߣԼôһնжɿ϶ǴǵΪ϶˻̲ҵĵ̣׳ԼʤЩʶģȻûĿԣҶҪԼúõĻʱ˵ܰԼĴæ
ҶЩֵҪʤ벻Ҳʣֻ˵Լϵʽ
˯һɡҶﵭ˵һ䣬һӻʤĺסһȥˣҶվȥǿеʱҶ﷢Լһ˵жôЩʱҲԵʱòȥֲԼϣʱõõ
ȻʤˣҶȻȫΣļֵֻһǾڹؼʱһ㹻ˡ
ţҶܿʤ˵ķſڡҶЩοǣ¥ﲢûʲôءطǸ߲סĵطԲ㰲װصԭڵǷҶҪͷ֮ģԼĳᱻ˷֣ҪЩ˷ӦѸ٣ⲻһս
ڷſվҶšһŰѣһҲŵġ֮£Ҷʼʩʱʹ˷˽ȥʤûѣϵŵһ۾ܿǲ̽ɡҶȷ֮Ҳֱһ˺һкǹ˳ȥԭ·أӺٴλص¥ķ䡣


311 
Ҷжûб˷֣һж֪û˻֪һϵʱ䣬СĽĲֵܣ˯бɱ
Ŵں˯ŮҶﲻüͷļƻУѾûõļֵӦðѺƲ£뿪ҹܻġҶЩĲ̣ŮӦòַ糾εŮˡԼôƲ£ߴ鷳
ڷֳԺ󣬿϶¥顣Ҷס¥ȴʮ¥ַľٶ϶ǵע⡣Ǿ˳ҵҶҪǰŮƲ߹ǻˡ
֮£Ҷֻڴһ࣬ȴĵû˯жĸĿѾɵˡǰõ鱨ҶֵܻͷĿʯһϯһز¥̵ĿʽϰߣڻȥһҲݺһҶڲ￴ܲҵ֡ʣµһʱһʱ䡣
ʱת۾͵糿ߵ㣬ʱҹܻסһҲʼ뿪ȥǰ쿴ʵҶ￴ߵÿ˻ûѵ˼֮£ͶõһЩĦֶúǰѹ
˺ܶƣһָʶ͸о־ҵͷʹоֻߵ̫ѨȴůůĸоͷʹЩ⡣۾ؾͷһİڸԼĦһ±ܵĽһ
ɤҶɫһڣŮ˾Ͳܰ㣬һһУô˷ܡ
˭Ϊʲôһתؾܳһ⡣Ҷһͷʹæ˵ͣͣͣ㲻ҪˣС㣬ˣҸסһ£˵Ҳû㣬㲻
ҶĻס˿ûʼԼֳЩҲûʲô쳣֮⣬˵ĻʼŻɣԼôĪĳ˵һǺ˾ͱ
Ŭ˼飬ֻܼǵԼȾƣȴҶûһӡ
ôû˰ɣûʲô¡Ҷ̯̯ε˵Ҫ˵ɳʲôˣôŮƻƴɡ
ߣ˵Ļšһһӵ˵˵Ż´ȥҶô˵ҲñʲôţԼҲʲôôô룬йϵ
ؼһ£ͲҶķӦ߳˷䣬ҶһҲֵˡһû˯ͲˣÿؾƵϢ
ǰһ󣬺ܿ߳˽ҹܻᡣһ峿еʿҶڷسǰȥһ£ҲûߣžƵȥ
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ڸģǸ˾ȻһֱԶԶĵԼҪʲôѵôŹԼ
ιһֱʲôˣŲұɧŰۿž͵˵طؿһﻹţﲻˬ֮£Ϊ˲ٹ˾ֳʲôţòͣ˵
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ǸĵŮˣ㳤òǻ粻˸ǵķۡһȤͰǸˡ㻹˴ǲ֪ν
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¥صҶҲûʲôϴ˸ͷ˯æµһˣЩƣ롣
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ҵСˣô͸ɵ˲ֵܣҪ˱ˡվڴǰ˵󣬹ͷʦֶƺȴľϡ
ѰֵɳȥҵҶ䣬Ҫ֪һһûв´ģ֮ڣɾҪˣʱ֮ʱˡһµķԸͷʦһæӦһüͷһֹӡ
ȥվʲôǿŹͷʦûʱ˵
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ô˵¶һĨм˵Ѿˣ㲻ö룬ȥԸɡ
бȾʦףʱĽԡһֱڲͣûаڵԼôǹսһЩϼһ϶סҪ̲סʲôӦǾòˡԼ͸׾ڵǰѹһͷȻЩ̲סˣôԼҲûʲô
ڴͬʱ˲÷꣬иС㱨ʲôȻһЦҲ˵ʲôֻվ˼ڽеҰУҲżͬ飬ǵۺֻһǾҪҪȥ̡
Ȼһֱ֦ͬͬԿǡһӪ˾˶˽ģֿɵõķ⣬Ҫǲҧϼڣʵ۲Ľ
Щ飬ҶȻ֪ҲԤϣЩ⡣ҧˣûҪ˷Ѿ
Ҷٶ۾ʱѾʱ򡣾һ˯ߣľҲǻָ˱״̬ϴһ֮Ҷ¥ھƵ˵㶫ͳ˾Ƶ꣬Ǹ¥ȥҪǲĻʯ϶ڴԼʱҶҪ֡
¥ҶҪ˸ᣬЩĺͲˮĵȴһת۵ĹʱѾ롣Ҷо˾վ˴ǰʼŴĳˮҪǲĻʯܿҪ˰ɡʩûʶΪֵܵʯԼܶг̶˱仯Ķ̵ĹϷϣ


312 Ů˵Ϸ
ô֣Ҷҵȴʯûгֵ˼̲ס鱨ǺŵģһϷ飬Ѿ֤˺ҶҲûϵߣֱӾ
ɻ֮£Ҷ￴˿ʱ䷢Ѿĵˡ뵽ʯµˣٴĵȴϧ֪ʱҲûʯĳ֡ҶɫЩ֮£ͨĺ룬ϣӺ˽һЩ
Ҷ鱨⣬ʯ첢û¥ǲǳʲô顣һͨ绰Ҷֱ˵˵
һʱЩ磬вѾַˣʯĻйȥȲ衣ڲ߻жأôܳ
Ȼô룬ȴ˵֯һ˵ΪֵܵڽѾַ죬ͷ˶ڵŶأʯȻ⡣
ô˵ҶɫʱһڣЩҲûж룬ֱӾ׼ãڿǰװ˷ʱˡһҶ֮иɸ˵ûа취Ūڵ٣Ҫ֪ľ嶯򡣡
еѣԣҵʱ䣬ҿܸܲ㵽ǵжƻͷ˵ڼжءһΪоŵԵʣһΪǵĶֱӾ˺ܶ˵ļƻòԼʹЩѰ졣
Ҷô˵һͬˡҲû˵ʲô͹˵绰µ绰ҶЦһ¥˳˲¥ϣҶоûʲôͶڽ
ϵǸʤģ뵽Ļͷˡ϶һ㡣߿϶߲Լʱϵߣܱܿ¶ʤⲻҶ뿴ġ
ȻⲢ˵ҶﵣʤİΣӻûӼֵͱ̵
ĿĵڽϣҶܿͷ˽ĲѰ֮֮˵ǲѰΪҶ﷢֣ϵСر࣬Щ˴Ⱥ쳶ǵ۾ڲϵɨȺȻѰʲô
ҶЩŵǣһͱ˶ˡϸ֮£Ҷ֪Լ˳Ǳ¶ˡҹܻʮûмأ¥ﶼǰװ˼ءԼ¥ϵʮĲ㣬Ȼһзأٶ϶Ǳ˷ˣԲŻһĻ
е˼ˡҶҲû̫ľٶĿĵĹ֡ʱ۾һһϡٵСӡ⵹Ǹĵط˦βͣӦ㹻ˡ
ҶͳС߹ȥѾˣɫѾҶĶЩСҲ̷Ӧ˹׷ϵĳҶ׷ȥСԺ󣬶ʱɵˣΪǸͬ߶ûס֮ģǰһ׶ߵǽڣĶҶӰӡ
ϴ󣬸ˡһëһƵóֻ֮ͨ˵Ļʱһƿڴëϵıʱ׵ѿ
ҶȻЩ˵ķӦʱе߳СĿڣ·ȥһ⳵Ȼϳȥ
ѸԼβʹˣڽԺ͸ıע⡣׶ߵǽ˵ͬ裬ǶЩС˵ͳ޷ԽѹءܲҶȼЩСϺ˷ֱӷǽˣӰҲ¡
ųܿͻص˾Ƶ꣬ʱ仹磬Ҳû˯⣬ھƵĴ˸λȻŴĵƹӰ˼ֻ֪ԼԺܶ˵עǸ֮ҹҶҪɱˣЩҪ档
һȨÿһ磬ڼùĽÿһ춼ŸֹǮȨ̫λ߳԰ΣλΪ±Ը
ʱţĵ绰ûٴδҲζţҶｫܵõ鱨һҪжĻҪԼһ˹¾սˡ
ףǸһô
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Ҫ֪ҹֵܻطԼĲʡζʲôؾٱҲܲµҶľٶȻǾһΣҪȻⲻҪ̣ˡжٶҶһЩм
ôһ𣿡ߵҶǰ΢Ц˵Լվһˣһôûһ㷴Ӧװ߹ȻҶｫԼкϧһòܳȫûзĴڡ֮£ֻ
Ҷһ£̧ۿȥǸŮˣ΢΢һЩ˵ˣŮԵּ˰˵ŻҶ۾ЩɨߵиǷ
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ƽʱ˵ˡҶͰѺǸɶˣ˵ˡ⣬԰ײԡֻҪۣܿûзŹôһ˵һҶּɲʲô֮ǰӶʱ򣬷³ϵҶ˵ǳ¡
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ꡭҶһ˵һʱû̲סֱЦܿͲ˼ͷε˵ǸҶ˼ˣҸǸϣ㲻Ҫ黳
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ҶĻһЦ˵˼ҾЩ飬ǰˡԵʲô㡣
һ⻰طеɻ󡣿żһӲѣɡݸһЦһ٩˵Ҷֲ죬ôҳԷˣòҰɣ
һ⻰ҶɫʱһߣԼǱŮ˵Ϸˡ


313 ʼ
ΪһˣôܱһŮ˵Ϸ˶޶ԣҶﱧͷܿ¶ĵϷҪȻԺôȥ졣
ţҶɫһ䣬һЦĿأĿЩɨһصϰɨšտʼػƶһ϶ǹģʱһͷЩҡˡᶨҶһ̫ˣоԼ˶·һںߵǰ
΢΢죬βѣ֪һ˵ʲôҲ˵Ǿ仰
ŮԼԼҶȻأ΢΢̿ʵ
һ⻰ʱһ£һĸоͻȻԵ޹ʵĳ֡
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Ҷһ⻰¶һ˿ЦҲ˵ôζĿءɫһ죬æվ˵æŰɣͻȻЩ飬˰
˵ŻƵĳȥҶԼסһҶ￴Ů뿪ˣ¶һ˿ÿĻȡżܵ˵ϷƯŮˣҲʧΪһȤ顣żĵһǺܲġ
ҹĻôĴҹǶеҹһǣҪڲҪעǱΪֹĵطȫԼǸоԼţΪԼŶΪˡ
Ϥĵ绰Ȼ𣬴Ҷ˼άҶͻȻ࣬͸ոȫˡ
˵ɣǲϢˣͨ绰Ҷﵭʵ
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ϢҶüͷһ£չһٶʵǱʲôӦزȥ
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ǸҶһ£㲻ְɣһСʵ
Ҷһ˿ĪĹâĮķʵҪ֣㻹᲻ңҶ֮ôʣһЩġʶȻֻ죬ǶöԼкܴġԼһ϶վڶ棬ҪĻشԼ⣬ҶõʱԼǿú߰Լ鱨
Ҷô˵绰ͷǳĬȻ˼ŸôشҶҲֻĵĵȴźߵĻش
֮ͳ˵ֻˣѡҵѡֻһˡ
𰸿ЩģɣҶ￴Ѿ㹻ˡеǽ̣ѡӽ̣ôԼͿԶġߣǸ鱨ģ϶һ仰ǱԼվǵĶ档
ĻشҺ⣬ǻкĻġҶﵭĳ˵仰ûɵķҶֶҲŴµĲ²⣬ȻûۼǲܵסĲ롣ˣѣҲһˣΨһ뷨ʱ֪Լոյѡδ档
ȻǺҲᡣӦҶ˼ǵķӦ˵һ£ҶЩԤĲ̫һǲû̫ĶֻҲǺһû̫ľٶ
Ҷ֪Ժߵ˽⣬ǿ϶Ź׳ĻᡣԼоң˼ȷҪҶֳᡣƵķչӦ뿴ģΪʲôûжأѵǸıע⡣
˼Ƭ̣ҶͷоЩƣվȥô飬ԼľˡҶиһԼ󻺲ҹܻᡣʯ𱦵ĳ֣ЩҪʩΪõȫԽһʡ˷ˡ
·ϵʱҶʤһţݾһ򵥵Ļ취Ͷǣõӡ
ʤһ춼ŻججУǸˣӡ̫ˡǺԼҵͬʱҲЩԼȻΪԼüֵһ߶ûϵԼЩΡһʲôʱԵš
յϢʤܿ϶Ǹ˷Ķš˼֮£ѡ˵ĻԼںߣҪǲʤɣԼ˯оͻᱻȡ
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ϸ֮Ҷ﷢ֲûʯ𱦵ӰЩӦɣҶҲ˸ܿҹܻĿȹ˽ȥԵĵ˱ȣ˸λעŽҹܻſڵĶ
䣬ע⵽һֵǾڿλõ˶һζĶ濴˿ûкȿȵ˼Ҷһ¾֪Щ˰˳ҲǵϵģȿǼ٣̽ġ
ȻͬڣҶﲢûһ˿쳣Ʒζһ¿ȣżɨһ¶ʱ仺ţת֮䣬Сʱ͹ȥˡڼ䣬˺ܶྯô˾ۼһҲûвֵ˼ֻΧλòء
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ĳһҶһ⣬ͫʱҹܻſڴ߳һֵĹͷҶﶨһ֪˾ʯ󣬵ʯһȺ߳ҲˣһݵСӣȺҲ̫ۡиرĵطǾöϴһԵЩвŮ
ͷĿ߳ӽʱȺҲˣŽҹܻſڸȥȻҲһЩͻζòˡ
ϧûǸϹȥʱͽһ𣬴սʱǳ治ֳǲݵġҶ￴һĻ¶һ˿Į˳ȥ
ҰɣԽԽܸԼֵĻᡣа֮£ҶͿȥûԼ¶ڴ֮ͥ£ѡһĵطվĿһ¾룬Ҷ˳ڵϼСʯӣһЦЦ
־룬ҪЩѣòѡʯ
ʯϴҪ̫˰ɣɵĵ̣Ҳ°Լһм˵ǰ̸ȻУȫֵܻߣΪȺףȫûи˵ϻġֻѡ·󣬸ûбסҵıǮ
𱦣㲻ԼӰӣˮ׼ĳѾڸˣҪǲôʹһҵҪ˵мＸʱ˵ĳˣһ㶼òס
һ仰ֹһĨɱ⡣Ȼ˵ʵֵܻһЩҲûʯ˵ôáô˵ĿȷҪŭԼԼǰ²̨
ģҪɫõĺһᣬһҧ˵Ȼʯϴ˼ȻųǾֵ¼¡ڶأǲӦûط
ʯԣ¶һ˿мԵһ֣˵˼仰Щ˵𱦣֪ǵ㲻Ҹ㣬Ǿǡ


314 һ
ϳʯһ˿䣬˻֡ͬʱ˲䱬˵ˡûϵʯô󵨣о֮æȥڴͬʱҲ¶֡
Ҷ￴ҵһĻһ˿ڽڴͬʱרעޱȣеʵʡΪͷܶʯ𱦵ӰʧҶУҪҲûлᡣľǵȣһᡣ
ֵܻǰȥʯȴһֱվԭأʱҲܿˡΪһϴֳֻҪָֻž㹻ˣ϶ְġ
һۣҲôġʱƣ˲ɱı¶Ҷ¡ˣҶȻĴֻֻͬʱһʯӾͷ׷׷ȥʯΪʹʩΪַҪ򵥵ĶࡣҶĹûг⣬ʯһǰһֱû˶ߵ̫ѨС
ͻȻԼϴ£ЩȻ˶ʱˣ־֮£Ҳ֪˭һϴˣսʱһϡͱ˸صĳͻ
Ҷ￴һĻ΢΢һЦ뿪ԭأԶȥףЩ˵ĽѾҪĵˡûҪԭؿ֣ΪԼ鷳
ʱҶͻص˾Ƶķ䣬ϴ˸ˮ裬Ҷʱоˬʱ佫ĸɱ˵ԤҪ˺ܶࡣȻⲢ˵ˣʵӭǸѵսֻСඣ˵ĵУȫûʸϺšҶŵ֡ǺĿͲôöԸˣô˳Ͳˡ
ڴϿ컨壬ҶЩ˼ٻ뵽ԼȻǸߴ绰̲סЦһ绰ҶҲǣֱӸٻֻ˹ȥ
绰ܿ챻ͨٻŲ˵õÿһ绰һȥһʳˡ˵Ļ治ţƭӡ
ϱ㲻˰ɣ춼ˣûйԹԵĳԷ˯ҶٺһЦ˵
ٻһ˵ûҲܳԵú˯㣬ĳЩʳԵļһú˵
ΨŮСҲҶкȻð仰Լô뷸˶һôȴ˵ֻܲϵЦ
һ绰˽һСʱƾҶ죬϶Ҫôʱ庮ٻʱǵϷٻ֪ѺĲˣŹҶ˵绰
µ绰Ҷǲɱոմ绰ûռˣٻòƿҲԽԽˣڴġ
иһᣬҶ˼ʼ˼жƻ
һ˸ˣѾ㶨һˡʣµĸһڱʡΧڣĶʡҶԸ񣬿϶ѡʡ֡ϧһǸѿеĹͷʮ֮һһսǲһ㣬ҶöԸˣ⿿ûõġ
ֽ̩һԨԴǺһԶֵܡڵÿһ֡սã˵˾רŸɼܵġ
Ҷǰ󣬻ǾȲˣ͵ʴסߣߺ̩ĹϵҪǱԼɱˣ϶𡣵ʱҪԼһСı¶ˣ϶Ǹ鷳¡
ҶֻܽĿȷϣ˶һͬص㣬ǾǼǶϼ壬֮˵ǼΪڲԹɫܶʱû£ǾͻǰˣԴ̩ע⡣꺮ٻĸǳͺЩϵ
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˭Ҵ绰ʲô½Ҷõ˵ڴԼεˣȻûʲôɫ
绰ͷƺ֪ķӦһܿͲ޳˵Ҷĳе󰡣ƺһɡ
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ھƵ򵥵ĳ˸֮Ҷȥˡ·˸绰һ½еĺڡ˵ԼҲû£ɴȥԴҶȻãæʹӦˡ
˵ĵطҶ﷢ֺѾ˳ҶͰպ߸ĵַʻȥ
ҶҪЩʲôӵҶĵ绰Щɻģ˵ĸĿ궼ˣ˾Ͳʲôˣû뵽һҶٴԼŪһЩŪĶܽύͽύͷǺˬĴӦ
㲻ʣôֻҪҴطͺˡҶﵭ˵һ˸һ£˳˼ʹоҶ˵Ҳûʲôһ͸оҶϢҪҪͷЩ
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ģҿ϶鿪Цġ󵭵һЦ˵УΣյĵطȫĵطѺзҲ˵ȥ
ô˵ҶҲöʣֱͣ˳ȥ³ҶﲻҪ˵ǰ·˺ܿʹֵȺһǰͣҶʹ˸ɫ˽ȥ
ϿкĲûʲôһ˿ͣѡҶ￴ҲЩˡҵӦھӪҵвĿģҶ֮ôΪҵλеƫƧʵǸõضΡ


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̨ſһ˯ͷ߹ȥӣ嶯˶ȴû̧ͷҲƬٶҶʱҲע⵽ʲôûĽйɣ£ͬͬĽ࣬Ȼһְš
ڶ֮Ņ̀ͷһۡɫûһ˿ɣͨûʲô𡣵Ҷ֪˿϶װġ
ѣߵЩɳƣָҶﵭʵ
һɽͷַԵġԵ˵һ⻰Ҳ˵ʲôվƿ
һæҶʹ˸ɫ󼱲˽ȥҶ￴Ҳԥæϡ֮һԺӣԷһЩҡʱһ˳ҶһⲻǸѡĹ˿𣿵ɫʱһڣЩЩαװĺƭԼ۾
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ȥɡϧ𣬵˵һ۾ͳȥˣһĹǰͳһţƿ߽ȥҶʱɵˡ
濴ûʲôƽѡڿȫһԣӦ˵ǵΪʡȥҶ﷢طżǧƽף̻ĴڣԼʮţӦҲġ
˵ĳ֣ЩֻǵɨһۣʧȥȤɸġƺֹһΣɫЩ˲ࡣ
ҡҶһ䣬ͳǰȥҶһæϡһطһطĹأҶＴʹո˵󣬵Ҳֵط¶ͷ˵ע⣬ǵ͵һЩȽϺá
Ĵ£˺ܿһҵ꣬Ҷ￴ŵĶɵЩȤռСʲôڣֻһĵĻŻԼ۸
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Լ˰СʱĹҶ͵ԼҪĶҪĶ࣬Ҳǹ֧ҩеĶڸǮ֮˳ȡ˻
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ҶûлشԼ˼Ҳûʣֻͷ򳵴棬顣
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ʮһʱҶĳ˹ɽ£ǰݺïܴ֡Ҷһ˿أɫ˽ȥ
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ŲõĲˣҶﲢûмȥʣµĶãھõ
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Щ֮Ҷ˿վ˰ϵĺȻ䣬ֽŵķΧУһֱ⾫һ飬ᷢȡ
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ҶԼ鷳СʩΪ֮£Ľƣ˿


316 ɭ
һУҶһְֻʼѰʯӵޣ϶ѹסġҲˣԱ߾ͷһʯ飬ʯѹڲϣҶվһ£ŸղűըĵطСĿ˹ȥ
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Ҷ˻˰ӦȻϧҪǹ׼Ȳɭһм߳Ĵ޳˵˵ŻǱ˱СĴָ
ֵĽɭҶɫһƬչСһһζ׷٣ȴ˺߶׷Լʵ
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ڵˣ
Ҷӹͷ˼һ֣صĿɭԼȥԵˣǶԶԷ𾴣ҲԼء
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ҶڵϣɫЩǺ죬дŴڱĿγɵײƽ棬еľֻе˲ܸо
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317 ٴ
ҹĺڳеÿͷβХŹιҶ˵һҹҲһҹ
ڴǰޱߵҹĻҶﵭһЦϵĺƱŶһɱĶȻһڡŨζڴ֮ǻҶﾲı۾ƺڻζ˵ĸо
Щصǣӣǵ˺ơȻֻһ˵ĴڣƺһεĴڣںһҹ
ҶСӾͲҪװˣһϴ֣˼װʿⶫǵĶͷʲôúȵġһڱеľͣȻһӵ˵
ҶﵭһЦ˵˲ƷζһܣԶᶮ
ġЦһͷĳԶķ֣ϲİ׾ơ

һоǰҶƺ˺ԼĶ棬ԼƨŴֻϧ˵ǣƺĲϲƣϵľƱһֱûж
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Բǹ̡
ʱһʱ˵ĳ˼Ҷ̧ͷ˺һۣȻЩĮȻƫͷ⣬ѹûߵ˼ȻԼҲڹϳȴǲӦãʮػΪԼֲΪʲô𡣴ʱҪ֧̣еѹ֡
ԱŮ¶һ˿˵ʲôȴоһ¡תͷһܾ̾ʲô
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ǸȤļһţһ˺ƿ˶ʱһ¡Ҳ̫˷˰ɡ93ƣͱộˡ֮Ի뵽Ҷ̣ƣΪǸưߡһİ֮ˣԼеƷ˷ѣֻ˵ѾǺƢˡ
ƽʱؿ϶ֱӱҶȻû˵ֻĿҶһֵϢϢֳ֪һ̣ϢԡӲǣɢ鷢ںڵӡһдһ쳣ĺгټǲµԵЩǷϡ
ҶĬãƲһءŮôֳˣͲԼһ˴һ
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һ˵ˣҲ΢΢һЦʵƺЩѹΪһǿԵġ
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ҶۣпЦһŮƺ˰ɣԼֻǰĴһһЩ飬ôͺѹϹϵˡ˵ˣֻǼΣôˣôǲ̫һ㡣
û£ֻһ˴һи֮£Ҷ䵭˵⻰ڽͣǵصĶͱζˡ
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ˣŮ˺ˡҶһ飬ɫʱⶼʲôˣͲһ㣬һʱҶ﷢ĶǶ⣬֮εȻ޴档
Ȼ֪ƭˣҶΪˣ϶ƽֶæ˵Ȼģƭʲô
һ⻰϶ʱһ֡ȻҶĲ£ϵĺƱ
ܺ𣿡
Ҷһ˶ЩˣѾͷһʼͲǰοԼģȺưȰɺȰɣֵʣµģ㰮Ⱦͺ¡С治ˣҵҲ϶㲻ҡ
ܰȰɡ
⻰غٺһЦȻƱһСڡǸȾˣֻ̫ˣһʱ̲ס
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ι⻰˵е˰ҪңƾͱˣһͷûȥԼƷв֮£Ҷһв˵
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׻˵ŮУԸ˺ǹãȼҿھһСһҪҶʱҪли޵Ĵڣǰʲô
ѾͷǲڿҵˣҵҸúúϵϵ飬Ȼ֪ҵҶôᶨ
Ȼô룬Ҷȴһ˿ĪζԼҵˣֻŮ˻ԶһΪáȻҪܷʲô飬ֻҪúٻ֪ҲǲԹ
ϲȾƣ
ԣһЦ˵Ҳûаżһ㣬Һϲƣġ
ÿһȾƵŮ˶йµģŮҲҲɣҶô뵽ͺ̸ʱƣ˲֪ͰϵİƿƽˣصɫҲЩ糺ƽһ󾢣ھǺˡ
صЩ̵գЩ˼ĿҶһۣʱˣԼӦûؼˡôҶ𣬵һʱҲͷ
ΪԥͳҶһĻֻ椺Լ˵ŻĹ򣬾ڴϡⶼʲôˣܺȻҪԼźȣں˰ɣˡҳþôһٶİԼңͲҸɳʲô
ţҶʱЩЩߵģ϶֮Σǲķ
ûǴĻŮӦ﹤ģһǵĹԱˣǰһӦûдɡ
ţҶܿкһԱȻͶԷ˵һͰؽ˺ߡ֮ҶҲͣԻص˷Ϣȥˡ
˯ǰٻ˸绰Ȼһֱ࣬ٻ˵˯ʱ䵽ˣҶδĹҶ˵绰ûиߺٻԼҪ뿪飬ϣΪԼġЩ飬һе͹ˣûҪŮ˵ġ


318 Ӿ
ڶ峿ش˯ʱЩˡԼǺҶһȾôصѵǸһԼģ
뵽سĬ֪ҶЩȤǺͱ˲һ·ʶͳž޴Ĳ졣ԼȺǰûг֮ΣزòпҶˡȻҲỳԼҪ֪ʵ׷˶һţô㡣
ţزã˺ܲҪԼܺһ𣬲ܽƻ飬Ҹùޡг뷨ɫʱһ죬аԼˡʹڴ
ʱ֪ǸѾ뿪˾Ƶ̤꣬µ̡ܷٴǾֻܿ˵İˡ
Ҷ￴ųӣһĿǰ·峿ģһĿĵǺʡУϵһˡӾںʡܸˣеĵλֻǱһеһࡣ
鱨ʾɵʵ£ʡҲǵٻĸĵط˿϶Ѳ˸ϵܶʡսãҶҲɺùܵżȻҪܰɱƳϳٺòˡ
Ϊ骳Ų̵ľ룬Ҷﵫ·ϾͻʮСʱ볣ݵʱѾ쵽賿ʱˡʱҶȻȥʲô飬Ҹҹ̯˵㶫˼ҾƵס
峿ҶȻ·ڴǰվһҲ֪Щʲôϴ֮˵;Ϳų뿪˾ƵꡣӦҲˣҶԼ鷳ߣԼէȻʱ㣬ǲҽ̰æ
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ҶԣһЦ̧ͷ˺һۣҲôԼĿ⡣С죬ֵȤûС˰˳ɿԼźϰ׾Լˡ
СӺ˵أװûǲƤˣҸɡԼӣСʱľΪһӡҪʲô˶ԼԼԺô졣
ҶﱾûжֽѵߵĴ㣬ڶԷ࣬Լͷϣô̡
룡Ҷɫһվһͷ˵̧һڶԷϡ
žʧ˲䴫˿С챻һ´ЩˣǰԼ۸˵ʱЩһԼֵܶսսģ𣬸ҴԼ
СӣҴӡֵǳһСŭһ漴Ϳʼϧ̨ʻû˵꣬ҶһƾһϡʣµĻʱҲ˵ˡ
һˣɣҶ䵭ЦЦ˵
ݣСӻˣҴǵֵܣɣԱߵСҲӦ˹׷׳Ҷ￴Щ˵ж¶һ˿䡣粻ֹȻЩԼҲʹ죬ǾͲܹԼˡ
ţҶһ߿ǰڷ㶵С죬ȺģʼӲ¾ſһƬûһվġ
Ҷ֣һǸթԼС졣ҶСʱˣħҪʲôԼѾŹԼ
㡭ҪʲôС쾪֮״ε˵
ҶЦһںǰһζĺա
㲻Ǻôͳ⸱ӣ
һ⻰СͲˣ粻Ҫܱſ¡
磬磬ҴˣĴˣͷŹҰɣ´βˣԣұ֤û´ˡ˲С˹ҷ˰ɡСͲˡǰҲ壬һжȥġһȽ˶ԼСԼһپûˡԶξ֮£ѾÿǾ̨ܱˣôӦһмĺһ֮ģȻԼûˡ
ţ濴ҶվзһЩӺ죬СоʱԼǸţһжΪ˹͵ʱ
˶Ҷ˵һֱϷС졣
һʱ뿪ΨСкܲζҲ̫ǳ˰ɣԼһѣôͱ˵ĴͲôˡ򶼴ˣʲô
磬ͷŹҰɣҷĲˣ͵Ǹƨ˾͵ˡԼһ뿪СҲ뿪ϧҶһž͸о˷Ļ·ֻܿġ
ҶЦһ󵭵˵ЩҪ㣬ҪǻشˣҾͷ뿪Ҫǲ⣬ôҶϳС졣һ⻰ɫʱʲôⰡ˭֪ҪʲôҾһСå֪ʲô
Ȼô룬ҲҷæվСĿҶ
ѳݵİ˵˵ֻҪ˵֪ľˡסƭҡҶһ˵
Сһ⻰аԼһ䡣ʲôСǻڵģҪȻôһھʹɵ飬ѵ뵽С
С챾ǸһĴģǸνĴһеĴ֡ͷСסӵȴԽԽϣոҶ֣СöԷôҲԼһģԼ
֮£˼Щ֪ЩһֱˣԼҪǰܹȥ϶һЩôģĻԼҲøˣ˵Ժںַء
СĿʵ磬ǴһҪĻܸƼһ£֣϶кܺõĴġ
Ҷ˵üͷ΢΢һ壬˵㻰һҪٶ죬ͱվųȥˡ
ҶķӦСһЦ֪Լǲ²ˣС˵ǳɣʮСɡһţɣһᣬ̨ġʣµľһЩ֮ģЩСɣܵĴѹֻǿѡ
Ҷһ˿⣬ΪõĶͬأڿǸžķ˰ɣôӾ϶ˡ
˵˵ŵɣ˽ĶҡҶﵭ˵Ҷô˵С˷Լϴŵˣ˶ŸȤ˵ǰ黹
˵磬ʶˣҲŵˣһ˽һЩġŵӾһˡŵľۼǳõҹܻʢСֱ
һ⻰ҶݺݵĵСһۣⶼʲôˣĶʲôҪ˵С㳶ëʢҹܻᣬ⵹ǸõϢ˰ɣԼҪӾ֣ȥ
ȹɣ˰ϰʧ⳥һ¡оСҲ˵ʲôˣ䵭


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Сһ⻰ЩˣϰǮԼǮⰡǰթҶŪǮġԼûǮ˰
磬ͷŹҰɣûǮˣⲻ𰡡˵ŻСͲϿˣԼ۸һô³ôҰҲˣڻ߲ˡ
ûǮҶԣһɵĿһһۣ˵ٻӣҶһ£ӻ˵ɣԺҪҿٿ۸ˣһδһΣҲôɡ
ҶĻСĻ˵֡æʱĵͷͳȥˣٶһ㶼Ǹձ˵ˡɵˣҶٷڡ
ֻǸСûӰ쵽Ҷʲô극ϰǧлзǧǮ뿪˲͹ݡ·ϣҶôˡ
ʢҪǲĻӾ϶ǲ֪סĶϴ͵Ϯɵߣϸ˼һ£ҶȥȲȵ㣬Ȼóһķ
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СҶڵˣôҲҴ绰ߵ˿ɶڵĶء绰һͨ̾Щ˵ȻҶԼ飬ܲ
ҶԣЩεЦЦһ˵̣յݣڻûȥأҲû绰ⲻأʹˡ
ݣҪԸӾЩɻʵ
Ҷ˵ҾôģӾսãʱȻһ¡Ұ˽ˣڻͷȥԸ
Ҷ뷨˼Ƭ̾Ϳ϶ҶҶͽԭأڿҶҲźܺõĴ㡣
Ȼ㵽˳ݣҰǱߵ˺ͷһ°ɣէ죬ܰϺܶæһ˵ǳڶԸĹģǿǵҶİοҪŬҶֻܰġ
ˣҶһҲûƴǣ뵥Ǻ£ý̲˾Ͳ̫ˡοԺ϶Ҫ̵İæӱܲ˵ʵ
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Ҷϵ绰ҶҲûе˯⣬Ӵһ´ϴ˰Ȼʢȥн̵İæⲢԼȥǰȵ뷨
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ΪǰԵʣĹ˿Ͳֻ࣬żܼߣµĶһЩķ֮ġһ۲֮ҶͶҹܻ˴ŵ˽⡣ԿʢһǾŲ㡣һ¥ҪأϾѳеKTVҵȵȣЩҶҪעġĵǣӾ˵ĴڣסϰߣаšЩҶһ
ڿ߶ƷҶ￪ʼԸӾð취ǴɱˡһǰǼһô׾Լ
ԴҶҲûеⲢ˵ԼʵûġʵףԽվڸߴˣǶԼİȫӡӾҲˡ
缸˵ûСϴغ͵һСر˸ɵˡҶЩĵʱԱߵĿͻȻһϸҶһ⻰ʱЩȤ
ɲǣһǸңŮʵǱԼɵġʱһٶҶ⻰жʱЩɻˡԼ˸ɵʲôĴڡ
ɣøǿ϶ڳ˵ǸСؿϴбԼô֡ô˵жʱ
Ǳ˿һȻѹ˵ǿ֪ܲǸСغǰǸŵĸġֻǺ֪ʲôԭ򣬲Ÿغ͡ҹŮغ͵϶ǰعˡ
ͣҶﻹĻԴˣҶͻȻһ˿뷨ҪģôԼǲǿһ¡ҪŶϣԼ˵Ǻһ
Ȼô룬ҲֻǸܲʵУǸδ֪
ǱߵĲûٴȻ飬Ҳֳϴ̸ǻѾǣеĺ˶ѡ˼ĬҶﱾȥԱȷ٣ϧЩ˲˵Ҳû취
֮£Ҷֻܾٴӱĵطһ£̲ǸԼ˵ܴõһЩϢ
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Сɣܽȥ˵鷳ӿ̫ˣҸû취һͷվʢǰŵ绰εĽ
飬Ҳǽίеˡ鱨ԴǴ̽õģҪͨʵؿ죬һֱһ仰ǾۼΪʵΪ顣̽һ鱨˵ʱܼ򵥵飬̰ʱҲǴ˱Ʊġκʢòе֡ƽĸϣǰһ·ϣ׼ﵽھŲ㿴ϧ;赲˻Ҫ飬˵ͽˡ
еСĴΪܾ鱨˺߰æ˷ֹͬʱУСɵİµص㲻Ǳ𴦣Ӿׯ԰֮ôΪ˾̽Ӿ䣬Էʲôλãܽһ
ˣׯ԰һֱţſڻīУһͲǺǵġҷǵĸ߲㶼뵽档˵ϴЩ˿ء
Сô˵¶һ˿˼Ҳû˵ʲô˸к͹Ҷ˵绰òĲͬǲҪд·ˣͻȻ˽ϵĴԣ˵غ͵СرɱˣѵŵķӦĺйء
뵽һŤߡȻ²ȥڣ˵Ǳڳ㶫ǲ֪Ǹ˼ҪԼװ׵һˡ˼ҵ飬Ǳ߿϶᲻ģһԼô鱨ð
뿪ʢʱׯ԰ĴУͷܶŶʮˡЩ˵ı鶼Щأٱ濴׵ӾɫĿ¡͵Щ˲ͬҪǵ̫ˡڵƻˣΪɵ࣬͹ˡû뵽ŵĸԼʡģغǸһѾų˻һһҪԼѸȥưոݵġ
Լܰ˽ȥΪе֮һôֶҪǰغ͵ҪˣԺͱٳлȥˡ


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ĻŵҲæͿ˶ܿȻţ˵˶ˡΪĵͷƶϣǶ裬ǲܽܵġ
磬Ҷϴ˵ûƣǸѾľǰʵ¹˭
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ҪˣҶЩɬ촽˵ֶֻ͸¶һϢǾ׼Ϊϵ׼
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νŵļƻҽȫȨҪԵ˵ҵĻûиĵ˼ϣλܾϺһΪЧҪεжɹˣνģǶЩĿ϶ҲǼǵĳɹ
󺺵˵ͬΪĵĴɣĽһֱûֹͣһڲìܣôܷŹѵõĻᡣһΣǳжȫأжҪʩС뵽ڴƣʱĹĵ磬ｫһҶ󣬶ֻΪǵ̤ʯ
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غĻȻû飬̫࣬Щĵˣٺò


322 ƾͼƵķΧ
ں󺺺غ͵ָ£˽ŵ׼֮УϾϵսпܾŵ˫Ҷ̽ʲôϢʱֻ뿪ܲ
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ĳʱ̣ԭͨ·ˣ֪һЩ˳ȥʢҹܻǰ֪ʱѾۼһѹѹӱ濴ЩͨˣǵĶЩ֡
Ҷ￴Ⱥʼǻȥˣ۽̲סһ¡Щֱ۶ЩӲһ۾ܿǲ˶ģôȻǾˡҶɻǣʢһƽ·ȫûʶΣյĽһ㡣
ֵһˣһܿʢ·ߣһɫĳӾͣŵǸ󺺺غͣʱ˶üͷ
ôоЩ԰ŵӦͷǵĵ˰ɣôڻûзӦѵǵжƻԭͱ¶ˣغһ˿ȷɫһ˵
ԣһȻĵ˵ͷ˵Ҫǲ⣬ѾˣֻЩŵΪʲôڻûг֣ɳȥĴ̽Ϣ˻㱨ŵĸ߲ȫߣôʱûʵЩ֡
һ⻰غ͵ûɵܾˣҪȻǰһ̫ˡ
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Ҫɸȥ̽һ£ǵǳ˺ܾãغСԼ뷨ܾȥǰ취ܵʲôа
ô˵¶һ˿˼Ƭ̺˵ͷغһͬˣһϲæ绰µ´ȥˡ
֪ʱʢ棬ŵһڸ߲ԼüС֮⣬ټҹܻУû˵Ĵڡ
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ҶĻӾһ˿ĪζҡҡͷҶ顣вҲӾǰʾʱõָȷʱȼΥߵ˼
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Ҷ֮Ի뷨ΪפݵʱֻԵķһ£ͲĶٺڵ̵УһֱŵϳԿ뵱ȻΪЩֻҪϱѾûµǣûֵˡ
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ţҶ̲ס˼֪˫ֽϾҪˣŮֻǵѡ
ҶϣŮڼ޹֮£ڱŵ˿
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ʱҶ벻ˣʢ沢û˳Χ֪ĳ˺ܶˣЩ˵ĳû˿ԤסʱγһΧ
һĻҶ¶һ˿죬Ӿ˹治򵥣ôźۼĽƾͼƣŪ˸ڴ
һĻԭڳĺҲЩˣҪǲ֪Ϣй¶ˣǾǰ׳ˡ
ô죬ǱΧˡغ͵ɫѿЩʵغ͵ӣһ˿һ˵ô죬ǸɳӲʲô˵ġ
˵Ż󺺴򿪳ţȥʢſȥغһĶҲ˲еηˣæȥ
˰кϷˡҶ￴ͻȻֵˣ¶һ˿˼˵
󺺷ֿȺܿȺǰ棬оĶſڵģƺڵȴӾĳ֡Χ֮ѳɣӾȻ棬ֻһ˳һ¡
֮Ӿɫ΢һ䣬ͻȻ뵽ʲôԸƻ漴ͺܺõ˹ȥ
غ֪ͣڳʲô˼͵İɡЩǣӾǸϵĻ˵ĺƯһ䣬ͰԼλðܺһλϡ
ӾкˣغȻнǰȻ䵽³ˡֻЦһ˵;Ͳˣϴ˲˵ҽĿĺܼ򵥣ҪҶ࣬Ķ
һ˲˵صģ㻹˵˭֪Լ׫ˣǼûϵˣҪҲɡҶﱾͱһغ͵òȻĻһʱסֱӴ˵˳
غһһ۴̵ĿӾʵϴˣֳϣûûСġǳʶˡ
غͷ۴ԼӾûֻ䵭˵غͣҪ߿Լ۵λʹǸҲ͡дĻͲҪó˵ˣҶˣҪҽ˲ܡЩһ֧ˮˮĽϣεҲƽϣ㻹Ǵ뿪ɡ
Ӿԭ躹ޣչɵʵǽһ۹Ҫغ͸ࡣ⻰˼ԣҲһϵģҴ˲С˹һҪʶĻ͹ԹԹ
λϣغȻɵӣӾ֮ĥסһʱŭ𣬿ϧҷΪԼΧλãվ̫ŰڣҪЩһ˶ϣԼʲô³ġ
Ѿݵ̫ˣʱ׳־Ѿڰݵĥˡһ£ڽǮȨƶȱ£غͰô꣬п϶̰ĻȥȨⲢ˵෴Ҳŵߵģû̫ӦֻӾΪûĵߡ
ǵ״غͰ˿ѡôĬЩ˿ɾͲԸˡ˲ǱˣҶࡣ
˵϶ʹôװưͰ׸ô죬˵ʹ컰ҲΪ㣬ô˵棬ҵǸǹȥˣҪȻٺ١ЩֵеĿ쵭ˣһʹ档


323 
Ҷ˵ŻһмĿغͣƣȻⲢӾģжϳġҶû뵽Լ仰˲оԼϴ档
쵰ǰ׳еӳɲǰ˼ҰΧˣԼʮǰվ˶ˣҪЩ˳Ļ벻ˡ
Ӿŵʱȴûг˵ʲôغǸӵˣҪ뵽󺺻ûзҪƿڴˡԼӾˣϾԼû˴ҲСҲ٣ӾֻҪ̫ԼȫܡҶʲôΪԼж˲𣬾ûŴòƻûŵķݰɡ뵽غ¶һ˿ɱѾǰ¾ģֻҪܻųȥһҪҶȥ
Ǹ׳գغͲ֪οڵʱ򣬺󺺿Į˵һ仰
غͻڸмΪԼΧأһζЩˡУװ֮ǰܲܿưмٺ˵ǷأͲܵЩȻ⻰Ҳֻ룬Ȼ˵
һ⻰Ӿɫ͵һ䣬ĵ黹Ƿˡտʼעһֱغϣûע⵽˵Ĵڡִͷһ㶼Ǳ֮ˣȻȥġڲͬˣͻȻôһ䣬˵˲ǸСɫпܻ˵ز˼ȷˣԷˡ
֪ǣѹеĵǣӾɤʵ
Լһ˵ӥø񷡣
⻰ӾȻһ˿ɻ󣬵Ĭһ֮ɫʱѿһ˵ᣬǴ̨ģ
ͷӾΪεغͿ׼ʱԼҰˣڿȫô¡˳ôطǲҲˣ
ţӾɫЩɷ񷿴ķӦ¶һ˿⣬󵭵˵ӰӦ뵽ʲôɣ˵˵ôġҸѡ񣬹˳߽ɢ
˳߽ɢ
Ӿ¶ʱѿ˺ܶ࣬ھ޴ѹ֮£ֱӳĬеĹâòֹƺС
ʱҶҲע⵽ӾķӦϸ֮ҲƵΣ£ҺۼˣСһ˶˵˼仰
ҶСȻ˺ܶ˵У񷿴ȴûʲôӦֻһĿӾȴźߵĴ𸴡ڵȨȫԼЩ˷ʲôӾһַΧĺܲϧǧ򲻸ãֻ¼Сܡ
ǰòƻڽ˫侲֮УҶʱЩûЩ˵ʲôôʱ䲻򣬲Ǵͽɣ
Ժðͷܿһ˿ƻ΢΢̣һĨŵĻȻȻĳ֡
ȻôҾѻɣǻ̵ʲôʱ
Ҷа˵һ뿪ԭأһԵһ˽ȥǰͿǹˣÿǾ˼ƻʱҵһܲλã֮λãܲһǹɵӾóˡ
ȿõĽ䣬Ҷ۲һºλĻֲûע⵽Ĵ򿪴ֶѹѹȺֻҶƵˣǶֻܿӾһȻҪһǹɵǲܵġ
֮£Ҷϴ¥ϸµҶû뵽ǣǰһȴÿһεĽǲܴӾҲʲôӾһ治򵥣վλ϶нģʱ̳ڱ˵ı֮¡
еĵҶȻƻȻɱӾôֱҵ¶ˣȥ𲢡ʵܸԼһˮĻᡣ
ţҶսĿغ͵ϣԾƿĺ͸Ȼӱ濴ǰΧˣ˶վӾ˵ǰŵĴͶһ㡣ʱҪԼغ͸ɵˣô˿϶Ӳܡ
˾飬ҶҲˮֱóǹ׼غ͡غͲ֪Ѿ˵ӣҶ˼һ£ҶΪ˰ȫװȺԼ鷳
Ƭ֮һоҶаһ۶˰΢ǹҶ𣬿ŻغͣҶ¶һ˿Ц⣬Ҳͣ٣ֱ뿪㡣
һҶﵹˣʢͲˣغͺԤǹأ˶ʱŭڴͬʱһ˿ɭȻ֮⡣ԼСҶˣոյСӦɱ˰ɡ
Ҷ࣬ܺã񷼸ҧгݵ˵仰ҲԥֱӶ´һ˼׷״ųӾˡ
Ȼ仯ĺܿ죬ӾϽոغ͵صʱͿʼעˣһĶӾȻ֪Ҫʲôû룬ֱӴһȥ˾ٶȥ
ŵʱҲǷӦ˹ӾسǴǵĳ˾Щ߲㳷ˣǼȴֱͳǹȻҪϺġ
û뵽ŵ˷Ӧô죬Ǿһ㣬иغ͵ЩͲúõġ£Ҳԥֱͳǹ
ҹͻȻǹ˺ƣֵϱ뿴ֵȺǾŵɢҶһ˿ǰҽ˫룬뿪Ƿ֮ء
ĶˣӾܾܲʹȥͿʵˡҪһܱô˿϶Ҷɡ
ҶصƵʱʢǹսҲǽβھɳȥ£ŵ˶ǳ˶ȥֻʢһ̯ӡһս˫һŽ˱ץ˾ӡǸ߲֮гغ֮⣬ҲӾ˵Ļ
ϴô죬һֵ̫ˣ϶ôưոݵġҶڼսнҼСʱûŰ裬һǵĳԼŵӾʵ
Ӿһ£ûлش⣬ǵ˵϶Ĳͷһ˵˵Ҫһǹ̵غ˵߶ѡ
Ҷһ⻰ϲûֳ˷Щ˼һЩ˵ϴȻ֪ͨǵǹ֣ǿǹ˲Ѿϸˣ˵Ķʵһǹ϶һǲ֪˷ŵġ
ʲôӾһ⻰ʱվȵ
ڰǺᣬغǱЩɱġҶ࿴ķӦʱС˵
Ӿһ⻰ɫٱҶûҪѣỳ⻰١ڿﶢб˰ǵһأӾЩ˼Ҳ˵һ뿪صԼķ䡣
̫죬鲻֪úЩ׼


324 ֵ
̫϶٣ӾãҪԼܲʲô˵ܾһЩĻĶ
صܿͲͨɵĵ绰˵һ£ͺһһĹҶ˵绰ɶԴһ֪ȵһ¡
ӾЩЦãڶĻûһҪô顣ߣеǸ䵽زΪʲôô˸Ҷ
ӾȻԸô룬Լˡڷʢʱڹ̫ࡣȨƣ˵ջ̫Щһ˻ãѾҪΪԼʲôˡڵЩһãǿɲ롣ԼȱͬΪ˰ѪģΪʲôЩ˾ܸ߸ϣЩȻҪ̳ȱҵӣ
Ӿ֪뷨вһ˵̫ˣҲĲ룬·Ӿô룬ΪԼǰ;ڵֻǵģһ̨˻ߵɱѹȥӸô
˵ĿǰеһжˣλٻֶܹһΣͺˡӾֻǸӣȻҲΧ档˼һ֮ӾЩƵ߳䣬ٴλص˿ŵ˲û뿪Ƕ֪Ӿǻ㱨ȥˣ
ϴôˣûЩ˵ӾҶＱæʵ
ӾЦһҡҡͷ˵ĻֵҲᣬ˵˵εɡΪǹսһЩ֣ͬʱҲ˱ץ˾档ЩǱ취̳ߣʢԺͲȥˣôǿ϶Ժǵľݵ͸ĳׯ԰ɡһǵʧν󣬵ЩʱʧǽҪģôϳݣ⽫ǽһʱҪ顣Уĵһ㣬Ҫֳʲôˡͷ;һ£ǵ˼ҪǮƽǾͳѪһ¡˵Ӿ¶һ˿ƣһټİᲢʲôɵ飬εıҲǺýġ
һһڸ߲ҲڿŻᣬƺˡΪغ͵ݴ˰֮λʾ˼֮Ҳͬ˰š
վڴǰŽֵϲǺХľҶ¶һĨ΢ЦжȻ̫뿪·ֳʱҶﻹǼҵĽԿ϶ʧһСҲ뷨õʵ֡ȻҶﲻʹ֣ĿӾ˲Ͳ뿪ݡ
˼˺ܾ֮ҶڴϢˣһʱѾǴ򵥵ʰһ£ٴ뿪ƵꡣĻ˫Ħ϶ҶΨһĴǣ֮УƲ鷳
ٴʢҹܻᣬҶ﷢ѾˣҲ˵طԺûϵˣ˽ⲻκҶüͷһó绰ͨĵ绰ҪʹɵĶ̬Ҷ֪ԼһǲģԼߣⷽϿ϶ǿ
Ҷ㰡ʲô𣿡绰һͨҶЩֵķࡣϸ֮£Ҷ֪ԷӦò²⵽һ¶Ҳû⣬ֱ˵ûʱ䣬ǳ棬̸Щ顣
Ҷô˵鿼Ƕûһ£æӦ̬֮һٰʮȴתΪյϢв²һЩ顣ҶǸĽɫɫеƽܸɵóġ
Լ˼ʱ͵ص֮Ҷ͹Ҷ˵绰ųʻ˹ȥʱ͵˵ĵط֮ûߺſΪ鲢ڼΪ˾Ҷͽѡһط
³˽ȥҶ﷢Ѿˣ˿һ֮󣬾ͽ⡣
ҶǹСʵ˼ȷźǹǲҶﱾˡ
Ҷ￴һۣ󵭵˵㲻ҲˣѾȥˣûҪᡣңûڽһʱʱĶ̬
ҶôЩ죬Լ²ûȻ뵽ҶҪĬƬ̾˵ܰ쵽ΪֵԭֻմϸڵĶҪŪͲ̫ˡô˵ǲã˵ʵҶҪȷ൱ʵʱĶ̬һǿҪŪϸµĶͲܿٵŪˡ
Ҷһ˵ˣϸϵĶҲû̫ãҪľǵĶ̬ҪоҵĦߴɱҪ֮ٺò
һ⻰æӦӣҶҲģҪжˣֻжԼܸõƲﵽԼĿġ
֮Ҷǰׯ԰ĸĲ²⣬Ӿһڿ϶ǴҶϸĹ۲֮󣬷Ĳ²ûдֻӾˣŵһЩ߲Ҳ
ڵׯ԰ٲȻµĴӪˡһҶЩͷǰйǱɵӾĴ㣬ڿ뷨ֻ̥ˡôŵˣҶԼҪóȻȥ϶ᱻɸӣ˵ɱӾˡ
ûջ֮£ҶͿų뿪ˡԴУһֱæ飬ûúһеķ羰ءпգҶȻԼš
Ĺشﲩ˽ܵ顣ԹɽˮĴڡҶڻعͨ˵֮󣬲֪ҲЩɵ̬ˣʹʱڴȻ֮УϵȫԼ
ϧôʱ䣬ҶﶼûлȥһУٻҲûټϺٻʹΣ֮УҶȻҰѺߴȥ
ں͵˴ҶܿȷԼĿ꣬ΪɫԵʣûѡȥɽ֮ģֻȥ˼ҺĹ԰˵ľɫܲ滹ܳԵݵɫʳҶѡ
һ·԰ͣó֮Ҷ߽԰ʼɢΪԵʣ԰е˲࣬һ··ҶҲûˡڼ򵥵һ֮Ҷû¾ۼĵط
ǰĸɫС꣬Ҷһ£ֱ߽һ˵ҶҲСֱӵƲˣȻĵĵȴ
˲ˣҶһƷʳһֱһĻ
ʱ߽һ׳˶꣬ķ۹ַ˶ﶼעˣҶ֮ԻעΪע⵽˵·ơ
ÿһǹ滮һȫһ£û˿롣ֻһֿܣǾǾרҵѵ˽źɨһĻ󲻾ĿҶһۣȻװûһ˸λ
ҶղȻǷ˵Ŀ⣬ĿЩĪĶҶͷ΢΢һ١ƺе˼Ҷ뵽Ҳû룬רĶԸϵĳʳ
ȻƬ֮ҶٴθܵĿ⣬̧ͷҲ֪ڴԼˡ֣ѵҲġҶЩ뵽ַ뷨ݲż죬ʶʲôˣô


325 Ҷѡ
극֮ҶﲢûǸֵꡣֻǽ˵ʱĵ˺һۣ߳ĲȻû¶Եĵ⣬ҶѾȷһĳֿ϶ǳԼġ
ϣǸ˰ɣ
Ҷﰵ뵽뿪˹԰֪ǣ뿪֮󲻾ãǸ겢ûжɽʳҲǾ뿪ˡ
صסƵʱѾʱ֣뵽Ǹ꣬ҶܸоЩԣ˵Ȼ˿ɱ֮ģûϢΪʲôԼأҶЩˡ
벻ҶҲȥ򣬴ҸصĵطѶԷɵˡʱϵĵ绰ͻȻҶ߹ȥһġôжˣҶЩɻĽ绰
ҶǱжˣǳʮˣȥҶļңӣӦҪҶĸ׵鷳ˡ绰һͨҲϻֱ˵ԼϢҶһ⻰̲סüüͷһֱиأǾǶԹ꼰ˣӦò᷸ŭɣ
뵽ҶЩɻʵȷģǸ˰ɣ
һ뵽Ҷдһʣֱ˵Լ뷨
ҶҹغͣǹǽˣԲŸŭ
ô˵ҶĬ漴Щ˵ѵַңҹȥ
ҶҪ̲סüͷҶҪʲôȥѵҪҶļˡҲ԰һɲִʴļһѵԼ֪Ĵ㣿
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жˣôŵҪǰ׳յĻ϶ܼʱԲߡҶҪľǰиɵ˫һЩˣǵĳ޴ӻ⡣
ȻôеСоĸоǳ죬Ͳ¾Ͳֱ̫˳ԵͷӶʣ
һĽֵķڽֵŰϵտ쳣Ҷһ£ѳӵȥͣ˽ͷλá֮ôΪȫûгҶﲻԼΪӶ¶ˡ
ͣóٴλصԭλãȻֱһ˽ȥӲҶҵֻڶѡҶΪ˱ѡ
ھһƾɵĴʱҶͣΣȻ˳ŷ϶濴һۡԺҲŴҲһưܵľҶ֪Ӧûסһ£ϲߵΧǽԺӡ
´һ£ҶͳŷȥǴŵģ⵹Ƿж֮顣ڴͬʱҶͻȻһ̶ɲͷ΢΢һ٣ѸٵһңҪǲҵĴܿҲΪʲôԭ
Ҷ͸ЩĲʱÿгˣЩ˶ͳһĺװīȻһСԱȵġѲһ£ܿĸһЩġǿǵԷܷԼͷͷ
Ⱥһ·бһǰͣҶ֪ӦþˡЩǰͣһ£ȻĴҪжšҶ￴һĻɫ¶һ˿
ŵʱžͱ˴򿪡ڳֵһЩΡΡϸˣҶԵһʮˡ˿ͻȻֵˣ¶һ˿ɻһ΢Ц˵ǲСѰ죬ɣվˡС⺢ƽʱ
ҪϸҪ߶һʱ˵ϼһҪϰˣʶľͺһˣ֡˵Żһקסϸĸ첲ϡ
ŵôѵûյϢҶЩֵͬʱ˾ᡣʲô֮ˣǾôЩֵһ޻ֵϸ֣ҶԼԼһءɷΪΪЩ˼ѵûиĸ
Ҷһ£;Ҫֹ顣ЩƵǣӴȥȻǲܵġţæ˳ң汼ȥЩֻҪˣڻûж֣ҶԼҪǴڶǣӦܸϵϡ
ǵոܵſڣһǹľǼҵĽҲˣҶﰵһ䣬ֱԾΧǽ˷֮ϡ
ϣֵŵˣЩʮͷҶࡣȻˣԼĸ׻ǺӵġֻҶЩףڵλȫܸĸ׸õ͸ȫĻΪʲôϸڻס
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Ҷ￴˫Ҳûֵ˼Цҧûʲô˼ˡ˫ͬʱԭץϸ˵ҲǷӦ˹קźȥϸһֱڷϧĶĸǿ׳С
Ҷ￴һĻ¶һ˿Цֱ·ǵǸүǾͳȥƴɱŮҪЮҲӶҶĶ̫˺ܿͷˣԼͬĺһһв˵Сӣʲô˼Ȱ㲻Ҫ£ʡĶС˵Ż˾óֹܣζһ£һЦĳҶƽ
Ҷ￴һĻһԱһ㣬˹ȥݵʩΪ֮˶˵ϡǶǱҶֶ˲ӣԶʧȥҶԸɱ֮ˣ˵оܷУԸûеߵˣô¶Է
˼ңϿȥţȲҪΣգҲû취չ㡣˿ϸˣҶ΢΢һЦ˵ӣûеǰɷԵúͰĺܶࡣϸƺҲˣҶĻ¶һ˿˵Сӣлл㰡һҶӵѰɣҪ㣬ǽˡģͻȥԼҲҪСģǧˡ˵ŻͳȥҶﲢû˵ʲôֱӳȥ
ֻҪ͵Ϯģ潻ˣλѾ˱仯ûע⵽ĶҲǰȥԭ֮һ
ϱ̫ĶôΪһʱͽԼ¶Σ֮¡ȻϸʵҪҶԼİΣǲܵġ
òս쵽ڵʱҶ￴µʬ塣ұ߿˶ʯʨӺ档ŵڽֶ档
ߵĽѾͣӦҪ̸ˡҶüͷ󲻶ɫĶСУߵĶ
Ҷģ֣ǲǴҸ͵Ϯǲ̫ûеˡʱʯʨӺ棬˺˵
ŵҶһ⻰ɫһЦм˵ʯģô˲˵ȻͲܹҶĳˡУҸ㡣Ҫ̫̫һͷЩ˼궼Żȥ
Ҷô˵ǰüͷԸһСܵļ䡣Ȼ˵ҶģıϵĹҸ㣬̫̫ھҪǲһĴ𸴣ôֻ˵Բˡ


326 Ϣ
һ⻰Ҷɫʱѿ鱨ûЩ˾ǳԼĸġҲ֪ôˡ뵽ҶЩŻҪһЩ棬ֱӳȥƴˡ
ʱи˴ʯʨӺ˳ȥԼĸ׵סڵСüͷһĬ
ϴҪҪɵСӣҪ̫̫ʱߵһСܼæ˵Ҷҡҡͷ˵Ȳǵžˡûв´Ļ̫̫ѾˣӦȥ˰˴
ǣϴ󡭡
˻˵ʲôǱҶһɣʱס졣
һһʯʨףҪʯȥүҶһķԸע˵Ķֱ˵ڣ۵ͻȻһĨ
Ҷ￴ųСܣ¶һĨһҾ㻹棬ǲ̫൱ȻˡŵʱѾҶͻȻǰðһһ£Ҫ˵ʲôҶ͵ǰһסߵͲһֱֻϺߵĲͺšϵĺߵĲ
һЩҶͻȻһըæ濴ȥͷʯʨѾû˻֮СһĻҶıͻȻЩҶ࣬һĺ²̸УֱӶ֣Ҫϸ˵İ⻹Ϊ
Ҷﰵһ
ͼæŽµʬ壬ܣľʬһȻ˸͹Ŷղ˽ȥ֮ôǿ׼ѾȫûˣҪǲ⣬Ҷ϶ϴ˽ӡ
ӲҶ￴Ҷ˳˽߹Լĸ׵ģӰҶЦһһĨɱб
һģǰԼĸעļһûбҪٻˡҶԭҶΪԼϸˣҪǰɱĶӣĻ粻ȡκˣԳŶȥĻ档Ѿ뷨ΪҶ֮ǰľٶ˺ߵıԡ
ţҶͳǹšȻֱƶȥҶ۶˰ҶһǰͻȻһˣһٿǸڶǹڣܵľ㣬Ҷ𣿴ǲᡣ
顭ɫӵȻ緢˳ȥҶŭֱһȻҶ࣬һǹüġҶ೤ͣҪʲôһжͽȻ建ĵȥҶһ˿⣬Ҳͣ٣ŵ˻ڷ㶣ǹƬ̺ٶԵ˵ϡ
ʣµֻаˣһĸЩ˶ʱɵˣæ͵ſ˼ҲûСеҶ˰췢ֺûжɵЩɻǻĸôûҲǹ
ҶСĴ濴ȥһʱЩˡЩǻڵģ⵨Ӳǳ
һ֮ҶͻȻһơɤӺŵӣʯϴǽᶨˣӽ첻ȫɵȥҲˡһ˵꣬ҶٴȥȻſڵϵ˾ʣĸˣһŵǸʱ󾪡ҲֱûȥҶ￴һĻûа£Цһ෴ķ뿪С
˫˲ʮˣֻһ˻ȥߵĸ߲ҲˣҶﲻҲ֪϶ưոݵģҲҪġ
ͣĵطҶҲֱͣӿų뿪ˣΪԶѾľҶﲻϣԼھСصƵԺҶϴ˸ˮ֮󣬾˵㶫˯ˡ⼸뱣Աʱ
ʱ仺̶̵ʱҶһȥĴΣÿһζջƲ֮£ĳҲǵȫܻĵز
һҹҶЩƣĿŴ⣬Щ꣬ס˸š⼸Ȼջ񣬵һֱûҵӾֵĻᡣһھһֻڹһ˶ׯ԰治ҶЩô˵ĿʼյӾЩֻΪ˸鷳ȥҪӾһֱԼͲˡ
֮Ҷ̲ס̾˿һǵڴϢû˯ţ绰Ҷֻһģæ
ϴ󣬸ϢҪսˣصѾˣڳɽ¡绰һͨʹ˹ЩҶĶ֪ѾĿڽҶϴģȺҶˡ
ҶԴ˲ûоܾʲô߽ԼϴŷԼǲ˵ʲô
ô˵ҶɫʱЩˡ˵ϢǴģ׼ȷ׼ȷгɽʲôطƺû˵
Ϣ׼ȷźСﶼʮ㣬Ǿͻȥڳɽ£ڳĶطһֱǳݰԹĵطΪ⸽ûסԾֳҲܣǵԼƺ󡣲侲˵
Ҷ˵һĻʱЩˬĴߴٵ㻰˵꣬ʲôҪҴա
ŵ˵ϴ˷纮һֱſڴϣҹεĻȥһ£С˵֪ҶĿӾˡαǸܺõĻᣬӾҶ˵϶ǸϢʵò˵
ĻҶɫʱ࣬̾˿˵û£ڵȵȣҾͲţһֱ治ˣлġ˵仰ҶһĹҶ˵绰绰ﴫЦһƵķ˵绰
ЩĽӴļʶҶֶΣҲ˸ߵĴ㣬ͷվһֱҶǰֳԼļֵúĴԼһѪ·һαǸܺõĻᣬƾҶֶΣ϶ºָɵӾϧӲòһ취ûˡ
ôʱ򣬾ƵеҶҲ˳˼Ѿˣ滹Ҫ֪Լʱ޲̫áһֱûаԸķչһûա
ӣͲڹ
Ҷаһ˯ţͻȻסˡʱһͷڵԺг֣ڻ𲢣ôׯ԰϶࣬ԼҪȥǲջ񰡣
ţҶһʱϸ֮£ԽӾƻСȻЩΣգǧѷĻᣬԸ
¶ģҲԥˣʱָ˸绰úߵһׯ԰صĻҶҪʲôܵҪȰ˵ҶвҿڣֻܴӦ
׵֮Ҷֻ϶ӣϢʮŻ𲢣ׯ԰ʮһ֮ǰƲ̫ᷢı仯ҶԼж÷һңʱ˵ľͣжɹʻӲ١


327 Ӿ
ʱ仺ţʱѾ賿һʱ򣬴ʱҶﾲڳ棬е̻ȼţŨŨҶ˱棬ı顣
鲢ûʧʮһʱ͸㵽鱨ׯ԰ص˲٣һֱŵıڣʮʮˡ
ҶЩأûзƻĴ㡣ӼѵҲûȻȰ˵˺ܶΣҶ˿ûжҡ˼
Ҫһս˰
Ҷ̾˿еͷһƿȥв֪ʱһͼֽ滭ŵׯ԰нֲʱڸոոʱġģҶֱӷ뷨
СǸ˲ţˣҵúͽ̰ҪġŵͼҶа˵ͼǰׯ԰жȥ
ûţڸ߱ˣҶﻹûôɵӵͼҵһ˼ĵطׯ԰ıׯ԰ıһɽҲ֪ʱԱôģһɽׯ԰档ﲢûʲôΧǽ֮ķñҶá
һ·ƹׯ԰ǸطܿͳҶ֮СŲûʲô˵ĴڣҶﷴЩ֣طûе˵ȥˣƾӾԸ񲻻
뵽ҶСĿȥɽЩǣʼûзһˡҶﲻ֪ǣԭʮӾ£Щֱӱ˹ȥμӻȥˡһŴӵ˺ˣӾ˿϶ֵ᷸ͼ
ȻûˣҶҲԼԼˣ˳ɽܿͽ뵽ׯ԰档ǰһͤԱߵ˹ɵСһԣӾͦܵģֱԼҽһС԰Ҷ
ȻǶׯ԰ïܵЩľǶҲܲݰܵġҶһ·źڰĵطߣʮ֮ڿׯ԰ΰĽһʽıԶһǱһҶһ£˸·űȥΪǰʮվҶŽȥȫܣһ˲ɵʮˣ뷨Ȼǲʵʵġ
һ·棬һ¹⻬羵ǽ壬ҶɫʱЩѿˣѹûˣӾ쵰ⷽĵˮ©
ûа취ȥҶֻܷǱȥĴ㣬ʼ˼˫ʣҶһûκƣΨһĺôЩ˲֪Ҷ˵Ĵڡ
취ɵЩˡҶЦһ뿪˱棬ǰȥʱһʯӺ棬ϸĹ۲Զʮ
ǴΣգЩ˵̬ܷɣ˶죬ȫû˿䱸ġΪԵҶﲢ˵ʲôһעЩ˵Ķһ˼ʲô
ԷʮˣҶ˵ʲôҲɵñһĳȥΨһİ취ǵȴᣬȴһЩ˴ĻᡣȻɱ֣ǶԷʮˣһԸɲҪǷ϶ᱻ˾죬ͻΣ
ʱҶĵȴ֮УĹȥ˶ӵĺ棬ʮʱУ;ϲû뿪ҶεǣЩһƺںԼһһ˵뿪ܿͻˣһҲͬʱ뿪Լ˿ᡣ
ڵȥˣҶ￴ʱ䣬Ѿˣƴƶ˰ɣЩ˷˾ûһĻˡ뵽ҶݺݵҧҧһΣгö룬öܱ֤׼ȷȵ£һܷȥˣٶͲˡ
һ⣬Ҷ̧𣬿һλãӳȴͣΪ뿪ԭλãűȥӦҲȥϲɡ
ԷһʮˣҪ뿪ǾǾŸˣԼҪһԸɵôǾֻʣĸĸˣԼӦʲôʽأҶ￪ʼ˼ʱЩڵΪʲôûаҲһ˵óˡûкҩֻ취
ȻǹĴڣǰһսУڻжʧˣʱǹҲòɣ׻ʲôʽأҶЩԸת룬ܿͱˡ
ֶ˭ᣬǰʹÿѾܸˣҪһԽս˵ܴܲˡߣЩ˿ͬ鵹¿϶ӦĶվҶﵱɱ
ʱѾšɲɵģһŭŵĺ紵Щ˶ʱŭֹоϵɳӣҶͻȻһ¡ȻһӣɽȥڴͬʱҲûţ֮γǹǹ̶̲ʱ䣬Ÿ˾ȫˡŸˣҶ΢΢һ£æ̨ףűŵķ򿿽ǲǹģǸո޴ķҶľ飬ȫж£ǹܴȥԶŹϵĿǹ
ſڵʱҶͶ׷û߽ȥҪ˳ֻн˸ɵˣ֪õı¶
ʱһһĹȥ˺ܿͳҶУΪҶţǸûע⵽ҶĴڡǰ̨ˣճǿġ
Ҷ￴˳ȥ¶һ˿⣬еɳ˵ĺλá˼ûκηӦɥʧµ岻ܿƵĳ̨׹ȥ
һĻҶʱһЩ˼ű˽ȥѾ賿ˣһ¥Ĵе̵ĹߣߵͨںһƬҶһ˿ŵĴ¥ȥ鱨Ӿķڶ¥λãҶҪľǽɵߣȻ
Լ£Ҷܿһſվһ£ͳ룬˷ţһƬûһҶｫĹϣǽһ˿أ֮ô󵨣ΪӾӦ϶Ǵ½ˣҶȫĺܱԼķӦ졣
˹ԺҶͿĻͨǶҶܿŴ󴲣Ҳ࿼ǣֱ˹ȥʱҶû뵽ˡ
˭һϸŮҶﱾܵļӿٶȣ˽ȥڴͬʱг롣иӰԱŵӾʱĺ߻˯εУĳҶ֪ղŵǺ߷ˡ
΢һǣҶ־͵һӣһ׼ȷĶ˺ߵĲλáطֻ˯СǸŮкܿٴε¡
Ҷ￴һĻעʱתӾߵߣЦһе뱬̶¡һֱӽһλٻΪһӾźʧȥҶ˿Ӽᶨ
̫ҶжĺѾٻ˺ܾãһ̣ѹỺࡣӾһҶ򴲵һߡĲŮ˵ĳ֮ôΪߵϤС


328 ñӵ
ϤݣϤķϣֻҶЩΪʲôǼǵõˮԼ˽ڰʱ뿪ˡǸʲôΪôӾŮˡ
ѾĲӾҶ˼һ£ҪҪˮŪȥ˼ǰ־ûǲȥȽϺáŮĪĳ˵ʲôԼҪǰ˵æǾˡ
˵Ľ黹ûôõĵزÿ˶ԼѡҶԼӦøԷ״̬
ûҵĳ࣬ҪȻ鷳ˡҶһ£Ҳԥֱ뿪뿪Ӿķ䡣¥£Ҳ֤ݶһߣǱɽׯһ·˾Ƶꡣ
ȥԺҲûʲôֱӽ˯״̬һѾǿʮһˣЩ͵ԴҶ̲סζ˼ԴӦ˯̫ˣоԳ
ʱׯ԰ڣˮɫӵڴϣŬ˼顣Ӿûɶķգͺ࣬ͷ۵ǣûʲôɹӾе̫ˡ
᲻Ǹһ
ˮиֳһӰǰ죬ڹֵʱżҶΪʲôڽ𣬿Ӳİɡ֮£ˮһ¸Ҷϧ˼ҷˣҲֻС
ϸ֮ˮҲûʲôͷЦһվȥѾһˣȥһ˵治УϾӾʱ˯һŴϡ
ׯ԰飬Ҷһ֪Ҳ⣬ӾѾˣԼĿˡҹһսᶼʧأûиľӪǱָԪˡ
ںͨ绰֮ٴ̤г̣滹˵ĴڣץʱˣЩÿһͶһ첻ֻаЩ˶ɵˣܰȡ
ʮʱҴҶҶ˵ʮʱǷæµšǶ˵ʮһУʳʮ֮ǰӾ˯бɱԼıİҲжУʮ˵ˣ˲ˣ˴ǱɵģмĺӾһ档
ЩץĸоǶԴûʲô취ľǺһ¡֪ӿİ֮£ҶĴڣȻֻɱͷĿ˶ŵˡ
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ʱ䣬ңȫһľ档ǵڻĵκһƬ϶ŷĲпᱻɡ
ȻɵҶﲢûʲôϵҲĹĹע־ơʱ˵֮ǰϻؼңٻһñӵԭҶǴ㽫һнٻؼҵģоˬǣϧһ̫ãܶμӻȥˡһɵȻʧأǶϼ˵һϢǾһŵʧǲҵĶࡣҲɾûкٻƱҲϰλá
Щǽ̸ģԴˣҶЩεͬʱҲ˿￴˭֮λ˵ûֻ̫ҪЩ˲Һٻ鷳ǾոˣҶȥЩ˵档
ʱӽ˽еĵؽ磬·ϤһУҶĽƽĿǰһεжĻˣҲǽһͷ󻼡ȻȻţ룬ٻʲô鷳ˡ
ʱѾǰ˵ˣҶｫͣԺͼšʮʱˣһλˡǸ˼ҹŮˣÿɺá
ƿţҶﲻɫ˽ȥʱ˿ﴫĽЦŮദĲ
ٻٻ㿴·ôǲǺܷҵʡȻǸɱ֣վǸŮӣ츳ʱı䲻˵ġվںٻǰϴһɼĺɫƤ£Цʺٻ
ٻӣһЦ˵ͷ˵ÿÿǼʲôÿ
ǣҲ˭ҿҪΪŮսʿˣܲƯС΢һ˵
Ҷ¶һĨܰЦٻѾͷò£ûϴһ跹˼ţһ΢Ц˽ȥ
ջͿеܲˡ
ϤͻȻ𣬺ٻļ͵һһŵת˹ҹ˶ĻϤӣϤЦݣϤӰٻƯ۾ʹգ˼£ŵ
ôˣϱҲ𣬻һӵٻķӦҶıͻȻһᣬһʱǧͷ
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뵽ϤĻУٻѹõ˿ԸǰǺЩġǽ첻ͬʹĴڣҲںʲôɬˣҪôůĸ壬ȵ̫ˡ
˾ñط꣬һЦźۼȥҲǰɣúߵĺٻȫ֣һ򵭶ĺŮ㣬һСҸ֪ԼأǸ˶Լ
Żеļ΢ΣҶ˫ֲ˽ҪԼһ㡣Դ˺ٻûзһɫ
ϱûңҶ￪ڣʵ
ٻ仰һߣҲشʹҶĻꡣҶ¶һĨЦݡоҪʱܾʹ˶һҸˡ
ӵãٻЩĴҶﻳ뿪źǷӣٻһ۾Ϳŵƣ룬ļ䲻ɵһʹˣΪԼ̫̫࣬ÿһεжƺΧԼΣ鷳վ
ҶϢһɣȥһ£ٻС˵ҲƵ˳ҶҲû˵ʲôһЦ߻˷䡣
ٶϴһ£Ҷͻһɾ·߳˷䣬Ŷ¥ȥڵ绰֪Ҳһסˣ׼Ů˵ʲôҲҪȥݷһ£Ȼ˵ȥˡ
סҶûһ˿áϴҽԺʱ򣬵յĺһȺ̫̫ĵʱһͷֻǵʱϾҪˣҲû
պǰ̫̫ȻĵúܿģһԼͺٻȥˣֱӲˣ˵ϣԼļ˴һԾǺٻûѺ߽ӻסҶҲҸġ
粻ֹײٻյĸǴǰΨһˡǰ̫æּвԲòúסҽԺڲһˣȻҪӻסġ


329 ĬȻ
յǰҶһšںܿյҶһƿ˽ȥ
ĸ廹Ҹջ㡣ŴǰĿգҶ΢΢һЦ˵ԣ۾˹ΪǺٻǸСѾͷû뵽ȻҶˡ
СҶˣ㿴⣬һΪٻٻأվţæվ˵
ҶһЦ˵û²ĸŰɣҾ㡣
Ҷô˵¶һĨ顣ӺٻֻƬҲǶҶ˸һ˽⡣˱²СΪԼŮ˺ܶ鷳Լǰȴû˿ѾѵˡŮԽԽ
ҶأСҶ㣬һ˲ٿڰɣҸӣúóһ١Ц˵
Ҷ˵æ˵ĸͲҪæˣٻٻѾˣӵ̸ҲɣǺҸ֡

ã֪ȥԷҶŷ¥ٻ׼˷ʢͣȻҶһڸԴҶȻֵˡһƬڣֱҶ︧ŶһɵЦʱպԼͬĻ˷䣬ദĻ˺ٻҶ
ٻ뵽ʲôɫһƬ糺죬ҶϷʵ¼ʰʱʰˣʱҶѾɳϢˣٻ֮£ֻӲͷƤ߹ȥ֪һ϶᲻ʵԼһš
ٻҶһЦֱվѺٻ§ڻУһƨɳϣʱٻ˶ϣҪж
ﰡǿˡٻɫһ죬ӬС˵Ҷ￴һƬȣһЦԴ٩˵ϱǲˣҾ뱧ѡ
޳ܣһôһ㶼û䣬СȷֻǱô򵥣ûġ
뵽ٻ̲ס˸ۣޱӵĵĳһۡ鿴ҶȴһζƽĬҶеĻȸ§ں־Щʵζ
ֻ֣ܵٻһĨ飬С΢΢źϣһҶϡٻķӦҶٺһЦٻӣĨ˵촽ȥ
ͻȻҶסٻɫӺһ£ûзֻǱܵһ£ͳҶʩΪһʪǣ֪ٻоԼҪϢ˲˿ˮ۾ŭĳһۣͽһΪʱҶ·档
ȵĴٻ͵زһ£ЩоٻûеֿҶʱϵĶĻԸͣںٻ۵
ʱƣҶĶԽԽٻĶ֮£Ƕʧһû˿ĶȻҶһֱûеλЩϵٻǸصŮˣҶռˣѾļˣû֮ǰǲܰԼҶġ
ԴҶȻҲףҲռռˣûȫ֮ǰǲҪٻġһʱҶͣ˶Ѻٻӵ˻
һôԾٻǷǰҶҪͻһأѾھԼӦôӦˣҪֱӾܾҶ᲻᲻ˣȫõˡ
ϱûҰӵżˣҶ˵
ٻ仰һȻźۼĵ˵ͷڵĹģѾԼˣƤ⣬ڰǰβġ
ٻĻشҶЩ֪֡һ߰Ůܲãı䣬һжŬĽκ˶὾
ϱȥˣ£аҼǵһ¥סأôȥˡ
Ҷ仰ٻһۣһιռôˣ㻹㡣
еģ˶ඪˣһȥ˯ɡ滹ΪˣҲչˡȻ룬Ǻٻһַʽ˵˳оֱӾܾҶЩġ
ô˵ҶԼԺӲù˰˵ĴڣԼռʲôĶ಻㡣ϧѾ˶֣տ϶ҪסģĻҶҲǴͺٻ顣СڹĻ齨ӶŵѾʵˣӶҲ˳Σĥ¥Ͳôˡ
ڿһٻҶﲻĿ£һЦ˿ڣٽȥʱҶﶪһƵĿ⣬ҶһҪû˵ĻҶ޲̾ͳȥСѾͷ͵
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ҶԶȻ飬ĵãҶŸ뿪һĹȥҶٶȻع鵽ƽ״̬ؽٻĹҲ࣬ʱ䶼ǺҶһ£˵ĸվտϲѾѡˡ
뷨ҶȻ֪ʱվڴǰ׷ɵѩЩ˼糿ʱС˸绰˵鷳
ӶŵؽѾƣǿʼȡһЩǮϾʽޣɽաһǱѪӶٴγڹڵҰСһΣĬȻ̬ƺһЩһʵҵжȻʧܸգҲԼ˿ֲ֯Ĵϡ˼ʵĺܣĬȻȻҪعǰҰһֱţδ˿
ĬȻعԺ󣬺֪ܿӶŵؽ飬֮£֪ҶֱˡҶһֱеһ̣ڿ˺ߵ֯ĬȻô޶ԣֱӾų¿ʼӶɧšҪСǰ֪ϢôӶžͲˡ
ˣӶŵҲ̫ùˣǿлǣСЩ̤ʵԲ֮£͸Ҷ˵绰ʲô취
ҶȻЩֶΣڻģҲ֮£ֻǶССһ£ʱҪѪӶӲӲ˵
뵽Լ֮Ҫ̤ˣҶ˼ôҲƽ֪ĬȻŹԼԼҲŹĬȻһսҪģû׼á
³һҶ̾˿ߵɳоЩͷۣЩı۾˳˼
Ҷôˣǲ岻ոմҶɳϣüͷæʵ
Ҷĳƺϰ壬Ҷļ֮£ֱӳƺˡ
ԣҶ۾һ˵΢Ц˵û£ֻǸоЩĶѣٻȥĶˣ
Ҷ˵Լû£Ҳæ˵ٻȽȥˣҸо̫ľûȥ
ԣҶ￴һۣ̾˿Ҳû˵ʲôСѾͷȻˣͺٻ˻Щ졣Сһˣ˵ǽͳɱֽȻûִй񣬵ӻһЩɱֵζ档


330 ƽ
ǲСˣĬãҶͻȻһɫʵٻ˵СѾͷСЩ顣ҶΪСϲС˶ʮĹҪˣϴȻǸˡ
ҶͻȻô˵һЩȻܿԼΣҶ˵Ȼˣʦôʱûһôˡ
Ҷ￴һЩõ¶һ˿ƻһ˵С绰ˣ˵һ椣Ȣϱͬͬ⣬Ҹô˵
һ⻰ʱһżʲôǸһﲻĿ˱˰ɣԼô찡ţ̧ͷҶһۣ˵ʲôȴҶϵĵ٩ʱ֪ϵˡ
ġߺߵһţתͳ¥ȥ̫ˣԼ鱻һ￴ˣǸһɣǸô죿
һƬңоԼֻĸоһҲ̫ˣŮһôء
ʧ¥ϵӰҶʱ̲סЦٻ˵ûСѾͷԼֵм˼һ֣ҲǺ࣬ΪĬȻ
ڶһ磬Ҷıһİݷߣһ߽ͱסҶֱҶ̲ס˳ŷſҶ
Сûжٱ仯ӣҶﵭһЦ˵һʱûСǲȡıˣҪԶ㣬ҶûȤ
Ҷô˵С϶ʱ˺ߡԼǼôʱûӵǲǺ飬ô˵ûпǹ˵ĸܡ
ϴ⻰̫˰ҾǱһԼ˼֮飬ûб˼˵ֵģҾҲҸÿģô㡣Сһм˵Ҳһƨɳϣſ
ԣҶ϶ʱЩζһʱ䲻ˣСǲݣԼϴЦƤ˽డ
ţҶͲСȻĺ߼ĳ˵С찡ҿ״ҴҪҼһĳɹûг
һ⻰СʱˣһëЩħצģϧҶѹţܲɫһ˵ϴҴˣ治ǹ٩ģģԺҾҲ϶ģϴӢΣ˼˰̥ҾϹۡ
ͣͣͣⶼʲô߰ģСôʶȤҶﻹΪ⣬ϧߵĻԽԽζʲôһģǸˣֻŮ˶УǾ仰ʲôʲô˼˰̥ڿ
вˬ֮£Ҷ̲סһвĿС˵СӿƤˣߣȥ˵ŻҶһС쳯ȥѩףСõĻòҲ
ϴҴˣҲˣͷŹҰɡСһæֻľĶҶĴֻܱҶﾾųȥͿʼϧҶעѵСһ٣ýȥĻ
ɩӣܹҶɣҪǲҵСûˡС쿴Ҷûãɴ೯ųæµĺٻϧһ˵꣬ͱҶӳš
ٻֵļһ̲סһЦôˣҲܰһ㣬Сһ
ѩҶҲϻֱӻͿʼѵС쿴¶㲻ȥˣֻһƵĴⱻҶ̫ݡ
ȻССˣҲǴǣҶǰ̫ˣʱͱʰĲҪҪġϧҶƺӮһ㶼ûͣ˼֪СˣƤһƨڵϲˣҶŷŹ
СһǱҶſȥСһʱһԹվƨɣҶǵһԼˣһСĹô졣
˻ٻһֵ˵Ҷ㿴СŪã϶ˣôˣôСһ
ٻô˵Сʱů࣬ް㿴ɩӶȥˡţСҪһţĪһ󷢺æҶһвı顣Сֻס˸ϵĳ嶯
С綷֪ҵ˰ɡ
ϱǲˣôûϳԹԺʹճȥɢˣôû
ٻһ˿˵绰ˣԣǾͲˡ
ǸðԼðˡҶֱߵǰȫǺкС졣ٻһۣæкСһԷ
СҲֱܾ䷹ģٻкԼȻܾˡһͱһһ٣˵ʲôҲҪһ㣬úõһ
һ緹ڲƽ״̬¿֮˵ƽΪںٻƤӵ£һһֱʳӿǶʮһԴˣҶ氵סС죬Ѿĳô࣬±ʶôʱҲûôܳԣڹưЩϱҳԵģСʲôУһҪҸһ£ȻԼʲôϴϡ
С죬ԱûٻС췸꣬æʵСٺһЦصԵ̫ˣɩķóԣԺһҪ䷹
ϲԾУý㳣氡ٻô˵΢΢һЦ˵СȻͷ
ٻʰȥˣҶ˺ϼһ¾ȥңһ£ͺٻ˸кʹСš˱ڳζͶ֣һ뵽Ҫȥˡ
ڽ˺ܾãоЩˣҶʹСһҿ¡һЩơƺͿ⣬˾
С죬Сӻû˵˵ʱ䶼ȥĶأ仯ǲǲμʲôѵҶһʵ
ҶôʣСЦһ˵ǲμѵȥˣˣӰѵӪԾ˿ͷҪӺãͼֲˡ
ԣҶЩĿСҲӣֱ˵ԼԭȿһÿΣֱӰԼĶ飬˴˼ѵȵ£ܵﶼ࣬ҲΪʲô˵ֲԭ
СĳҶЩֻ˵Ҿûˣ͸ñȥһȻԺǸӸ硣
ϴҲСܰ㲻˵ˣ˵̫ˡһҶĻСʱˣһӵ˵ıҶֱӾͺˣŪСƲѡ
ϵĶϱҲԵĲˡһҲòˣ˺ϼһ¾ѡ˻ؼҡϾؽټԵʣеҹҲڡʱȥҲûʲô˼
죬֮ҶСϹ䡣ȵ¶ʮ˵ʱĻǸһ䡣ΪһҶﱻٻקȥðˡԼˣҲû㺮ٻȥһΣҶȻ˼СԼýҼһȥģڿƻֻ̥ˡ
ٻǸͳˣԶڹ껹Ǻģ֮ĶһӦȫҶΣͷ϶ҪԼȥģôĶզôءҶﲻòΪܿ뵽С죬¾û˷աСܲãǲ̫˷ˡ


331 Ϧҹ
׼׼ĲˣҲҶ˿ϾŮ˹ֶ˵һʹֵֿ顣
Ϧҹĵ죬˷׷ɵѩİɫȾһأҶվڰããѩУ۾ϸζͬζ
ǰ꣬ҪִУҪǺͺһһϣȻһβһƽ˺ٻѵ飬Ҷ﷢һֳ
ҶʲôأٻĿҶһòƺֻ˿ûж˼Щɻʵ
ԣҶ۾ĿźٻȻԵ˵ϱлл㣬ллаĴڣŽԼϺٻԺͱö˶ˡ
⻰ٻһ£סҶŵĶںϣ֮е˵Ҳлл㣬ллҵһС
ҶıסٻһԺߺڷ㣬ԣԡźٻ飬Լ˵֮һ
˼һϦҹһƬжȹʱӰڶʮĵʱ̻ؼȻڶʼų̬Ҷӵźٻվڿشǰɫ̻þ
ĺ֮󣬵̻ʼϡʱ򣬺ٻĸ̾
ĻҶﲻЩ֪̻ǰʱô˵ҲӦһ»ģڱŸʹˣֻܿű˵ġ
ʲôأô˵ٻҶ첻ʱЩ˵
ҶһæЦ˵ҰôӣǲӦ飬ʢĳ棬ҪǲŪ˷ѡ
һҶô˵ټϿ񣬺ٻûɵļӿࡣһͲһЩ𣬻أ˵ĺ˲֪ʲô
åһ󣬺ٻ̲ס˸۵һĳˡҶٺһЦҲΡСѾͷ˰ҪԱߣߡ
ţҶЩյĿԱվŵգĵôôûɫǾͲ֪رһôõʱ̣Ҳ֪Ļᡣ
ҶʱȻ俴һϷʵĿԼһۣǿԼ뷨һҶһ亹ѾͷǻɣôҾһ£ͱˡ
Щˣ¥ϢɡʱͻȻ˵оҶͦ˼ģ׼ڶŪһ£յĻֻܿСŷź¥ٻҪյģϧѹûȥ˼Ūúٻһ졣
⻹ôо޲ðƸһһǵģһʲôãôġ
Щʱ򣬺ٻͻȻоԼҶסˣҪҶĲĶһһҪٻʱоԼϵһ
ˣſҡٻɫһ죬С˵
ҶһٺһЦȻֱĶʱҶ﷢ֺٻĶرУҪʹȻôλ֡
ȻձҶϣٻСоͷһ̣ʱˡ
ҶҪᱻֵġЩԣǺٻǶ϶˵һԼʹʱͱˣһ죬ûٱЦŪòΡȻȥˣǱͻȻ֣Լ첻ñЦ
ô˵ҶɸһЦһ˵ϱҪǻطͿ˲ǡ
޳ܡٻСһ䣬ûӦͱҶﱧ
ңҶɫǡҶﱧ𣬺ٻһţһСĺǳţϧĳӶռռˣΪһ仰ͷ
һ·źٻңźٻԽԽСҶǻúŸĹϷţ漴ҶͱźٻŴȥ
ƺǸܵʲôٻĽ֮ԴҶĻҶ￴ҲԣİѺ߷ڴϣȻںٻߣ֧°ͣĿźߡ
֣һôˣô˵ĹȥٻҶûжɻ۾һ˫ӡһƬû˿Ĵڡ˫Уٻܵ˺ܶණͣб
ҶôˣЩ֣ٻ̲סֳţʵ
ԣҶﲢûмʱشĻһºٻüҷ˹κ̵ͦıӣһЦ˵ϱҰ㡣
Ұ㡭
Ȼ仰ٻһ¡֪߰ԼԼҲҶԴӽӴһĻû˵ǰԵ٩˵ģ֣µıףһΡ
һʱ䱻ŨŨůΧжٻ֪Լʱĸо֮£˫¿ɼˮĸֳ
Ҷһͷдæο˵ϱôˣް˵ĻֻҲڱѣԲô١
㻹ڱ飬ĸ鶼췺ˣٻţʱΪЦ֧壬ĿҶƬ̺󣬺촽΢ţӡҶĶͷϡܵͷϵʪ⣬Ҷܶж
ƽıףûʻȴģȫ̻¶Լ뷨ٻĶǸһŶ裬оҸ
˫Ļסϸ֫Ҷ΢΢̣޵Ϸ˵аˣҶҵϷˡ
˱˻ԵļһٻжʱһӣһҶһм˵ʹˣôţҧҰ
٣СѾͷˣҲʰ㡣
аһ䣬Ҷʱװһ׺ݺݵֱѹ˺ߣϡ
˵ҴˣȻ֪ġ
ҶвԼٻһۣһ˵Żˣģûš
ٻôϣҶĴȻƣںߵĸ֫ѳһƵĺٻҶôһӽʱŤ
ϱģģҶƺûоʹ˷ŹĴ㣬Ȼһ˵
쵰Ҷ죬ſңȻˣܲˡƺǽˣٻȻɿڣֻһŭŵҶｿ˵
ٻô˵ҶͻȻ۾һȻִӺٻĸ֫г˳оҶֳˣٻ˿ϧķûãʱˡ
ΪڣҶһֱצӣǰһúٻɤˡһ治Ҫô˼أô졣
ģٻ֪ôӦˣոջЦֵձһ¸еڴͬʱҶٻûϵıӵ⣬˼һ£Ȼ
ףоͦõģϧ·ҪӴǾ̫ˡ߶һ䣬ҶԲ㣬һֻ
Ҷ쵰ٻھҪҪƿһҶı֣Ǽⶼʲôˣܾܰɣڳһоӣ㲻Եúܱ̬𣿸оЩܲˣԺٻֱӴ
ԣҶʱЩҲԼոôˣǴˡϧôõķΧӲıԼƻˣ֮ʱԹԼ


332 ޷ӱܵ
ٺ٣ϱҽͣ治ǹģֻһʱûסûסоٻЩ죬Ҷæڨڨ˵ϧٻƺˣȫûкɫĿ
ϱҴ˻𣿡
һ⻰ٻ۾һתһϷʵ˵˵˵ǴĶˣ
Ҷһ϶ʱһƮʱ治Һƺٻֻһ֣ص˵ϱҲұ֤ҲˣֻһʱûסУ֫ѣұ֤´ξԲˣУûˡ˵껰ҶСĿźٻƺǵȴźߵС
ٻô˵һЦ̬˸һٰʮȴת䣬䵭˵㲻˵ˣȻȥˡ
ʲôҾռռˣǰҲٰôηӦô뵽ҶＱæĵϱôˣǲˣ㵹˵
ô˵ٻɫһ£ĵ̾˿˵ĵ绰ô£ûʲôҶ㲻ҡδޣʲôǿһеģΪʲôҪң
ٻ֮Իô˵ΪȥкʱҶĵ绰ʱܲãʲôˡ֮һ죬ɫòȻװһЦЦģǺٻףһ顣
ҲΪʲôҶﱧԼҵԭ֮һϣһռ䣬ԼϧҶһݾͱףеϷԼȫû˵˼ԭ
ںٻѾԼҶˣüʹԼﲻæҲϸڣϰοһºߡǻƿϣ߰ԼȫԼһǵİݻСⲻҪҸҪ˹ͬŬӪ죬Ҷһ˴ƴ
ٻĻҶɫһ䣬Ĭ糿ĵ绰СˣӶһ֧ܵѪӶŵΧˣȫûзŭ֮£̲ס
ϱ绰ֻһѴģҺЦģûʲôǳʲôԭҶﻹǲԸúٻΪģﲻκæ˵ֻģûʲô塣
ԣٻɫֲһЩûѡ񷢻𣬳ĬһһҶ˵ҶӦ֪ҵ⣬Ҳϣʲô㶼ңҵһʲôܾСһǻţⲻҪİ顣Ȼҿܰﲻʲôæһϸڡʶôˣҵһ㷢ôҵġ˵ŻٻЩıסҶԼ˺߻С
Ҷһжû˵ʲôֻǱźٻָӵĽˡŮˣôĲܸġ
ĲҪ𣿡һȥٻȻûҶ˵ʱЩˣԼô̹ϵ˵˳ô޶ء
ϱԼãͲҪˡҴٹȥһˣ£ҾͻٴôʣҶһ˵ĬȻԼûģһ۸Լͷˣ˵ʲôҲҪ
ٻ⻰ͻȻӲЩ̾һЩζĽƫ⣬
Ҷ￴Ҳܲζ֪ôܲȥܺͺ˵һʱѵľء
ƻԻ֮˳֮УٻŴޱߵĺڰ̫ĶܸоҶγȥܴΣգȻѾˣԸԼܸıʲô
㲻Ҫ룬ҴӦ㣬һ᲻һͷĻźٻӣҶЩɬʱ֪ԼѡĬٻҪԼİο
ľˣͲܲȥ𣿡ٻԸȰ˵ϧһҶǲıģһҲһ
˯ɣʱ䲻ˡ֮󣬺ٻ˵˵ŻƿҶ´ȥ
Ҷ￴һ˿ָƽ
ĬȻǽ飬ǺĴǻȥͬЩۼ֮µĳޣҶѾ˿ҪıԵҶҲ֪ĬȻҲ׷ŹԼȨ߬ԼĺЩ
һҹʱҴҶ峿ҶСŰˣĻ˵شϴ˵ʲôҲҪҶһ겻ǡ
СӴĲ˯Ϊ£СͲӵ˵꣬Ҷһˬʵ
СٺһЦȻһ˵ϴҵ˼ˣغֵܵҸôҲҪæɡ
СԴӻһֱҶһȫǸϲߵ̬ҶﻹûʲôһΪʲô䷹ˣǿСѾͷˡС飬Ҷ֪ġϧ仨ˮ飬¸СʱС͸ԼĶһء뷨֪ҲΪʲôѺڹڵԭ
֪С̬ȣԭʱЩⶼЩʲô۸ӵϵҪô
Ҷ￼ǴĸܣһֱûаߺߡʱС˼Ǳˣ˸ǰ취İ취СȥһСĿգСڱ˹顣
ϧ첻Ըڲ֪С뷨£ôȥ۱ˣԼСûԱŸҶ
ô㣬СԼûϢ椶ݣô㡣ѵȥװⶼʲôˣ˰椵ģⲻǳ
ԣСɫһ࣬˵ʲôţȴס졣ֻʱޱĴ¥СһУС鲽ųȥ
ϴҲˣҲùܣҲùܣҾˣ㿴Űɡ
һ⻰Ҷ϶ʱƮ˺ߣⶼʲôˣô椹ʲô£ңֲǻţҶûĵСһۣһɸֵ˵ǰ׳հ˼Ҳ㣬㲻ƤڨҲҪҽ㣬ô
ҶĻС۾͵һϨ˻һһƵ˵ϴֲǲ֪ѹͲҴڨĻᣬ˵ƨڻأҸʹ򲻹һԾͶ֣ٺƤҲûð
һ⻰ҶǾ̲ס鴤һ£˵Ҳ⣬òƶһܱСһ죬ҪᣬǰǴκ߿Ǳ˸ʹ졣
ϴ㵹˵仰Ҹô찡ھֻˣ֬׷һȤûУܲҴɡС쿴ҶķӦ氵ѲҶҲұֳ
ҵи飬ҪԵͷұֻ֤ҪͦԺͲᱻˡҶٺһЦȻһЦ˵
Сһô˵Ҳæʣģ֪ϴǶıˣ϶а취ģֻҪҲᣬʣµҿ϶ܸ㶨


333 ƵС
Ȼˣʲôʱƭ㡣ҶһЦһƶ˵Ƕı˵á
ϴ˵˵ʲô취ǵȲˡС·𿴵ԼĴҪˣһ˷ܵӡ
ҶĿĶ䣬С˵취ܼ򵥣Ҹ㵱ʲôʱ¼ʮˣСѾͷͲĶˡ
һ⻰Сʱⶼʲôˣأͳô⡣һѾͷأʹš
ϴΪҲôġвˬ֮£СͻȻҶĿһﲻƭԼɣҲ̫˰ɡ
ԣҶɫһ治ɫ˵㲻ϻҵȻΪˣΪôУ˷һ仰ͬͬ⣬ҪеĻҸط
УװɣҪĻûֲҪģҪǲɵͲϵԣСæһԶҶȻһӵ˵˵ĺһѾľҪҸͷңҲûôǳ
Լ뷨֣ҶɸһЦһû˵˵㲻ͬˣϧĳˣע¿һԼֶˡ
˵ʲôأʲô֡߹һɻʵһһֹû꣬˵ʲôء
һҶʱˣ˲˵Ļ⣬ôᱻСѾͷ۾һת˵С˵ģԼȥɣô֪ҹûϴأȻȥ˰ġ
޳ܰҶֵɽӸԼ·ˡСʱŭо仰ô˵ţˣнڲûް⻰ΪѾ׼
ȻҶߣСȻұֳʲôһ΢Ц˵ڿЦ˵ˣƯûʱ䣬Ҵȥ¡
α䵭˵һ䣬ĸζɳ
СҶһˣƤĺҲӵĲ٣ȻˣҲΣæɳɽʼһ⡣׻˵ŮвСͲԼᱻҶҶһɽڻˣѵԼòһСѾͷ
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Сһɫӣһĳ嶯ҪҪôģƤ񶼱˵ĵһء
ô룬ȴһ˿ƻֳսС죬һ΢Ц˵ô𣿡
޾ȻСоԼ˶ˡǲҰжˣˣһ˵ŮǸѾͷ϶Ҳ⡣
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˵꣬ûСпһ£͸оһ⡣ٿֺһϷ˿Լ
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飬СǾ쵽һ˿ԣϧΪʱһ۵ȭͷзŴȻԥĴϡ
С죬˵һ飬Ҫһ֪Ϊʲôô졣ŭڿжȻС˵һԹĿıӰһвǶôͷͳ⡣
УҶߵһЦǸĺӡһ̾ɧöǰͷо󲻴󣬺С˳ȥ
ҶСһôֵܵұôˣܲܺúõˣǹҵĸ
ʱٻѾõͣΪٻ룬СҲû뿪ֱڶСľĸоôĹôбأȻҶһˣûһģôõĹô޸ˡ뵽Сиίˡ
һСԹнΪҪȥԵʣܺܲԸҲֻ뿪ˡһһͷӣҶʱЩˡһŰ𣬱һٻô˰Ͳе
С뿪ûãŰݷˣ˲Ǳˣòĺ壬Ϊ˱Լл⣬Ҳ𴲣˰֮ȥԶļңͣĸϵ
ںĵҶȻǸˣ˻ˣǰǰԼܶΣԼҲҪȥݷõġ
ϸ磬ð첻ɫǲʲô°ŵĺ壬ҶһЦȴк
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źʱŶƿϺõę́ҶʱЩ˼£һֱҺ߰æŰݷõӦԼѡں˲˵Ҳ̫˰ɡ
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ϱǲ뵽ˣ׼ĵͦȫġ·ϣҶ̲סʵѾͷгּҵǱôȫ
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334 洫Ķ
Ϊ³һԵʣ·źܶ೵ʻҶڼʻλϣвɵЩп֪ΪʲôܸоæµŨŨζǲġ
ʻϣٻ֪ʲôֻǰĿų棬һֱû˵ǰѾ绰ˣΪڵԭҲѵõмеʱ䣬ʱڼҶ˵ԼҪ绰оܸоĿġ
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ҶΨһͷܿźҸԼҸΪҪúΪԼ飬ûҲڴ
ΪԶԭԳʻССʱʱ䣬ŵļʱæ׼緹һˣû뱣ķ֮ģĹ³겻ڼңҲûҪ뱣ķ
ǰƽԺԼƽƽĶС¥Ҷһ˿Ц⣬ǣźٻ̤ϽݣվɫĴǰһȻźٻף˴ұߵ塣
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ȥˣһͺá˴ɳЦ˵ԣҶæٻʹ˸ɫʱôҲҪúٻһԼɣ̫ˡ
壬ͲҪæˣүĻ죬ͳˡҶɫٻȻ˼æվ˵
ٻô˵ɸһЦЩ˼ô˵ǿͣñǲ̫Ǹˡ
ŵʱҶͻȻվһɳϣȻ˵̹ͲҪˣԼˣͱˡٻٻû⡣
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Ƭ̺󣬴˾ͿʼҳǼٴᵽĬȻ顣
ҶĬȻô죬ǰ뷨𣿡üͷ̲סʵǼǵһμԺĴ㣬һֱģԽٴ˳
ôʣҶﲢûмʱ˵ǺһСڲ裬ſڵ˵̹ͱȰˣҺ֮Ҫ˶ϣ˭ӲġΪ˰ݵѡ³ޣܷŹңǸһԸҲ˽һЩͷ󻼳ȥǲݵġ
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ûҲҲϣԼѼÿʱÿ̶Σ֮С̹֪ܲٻٻֵܵãΪϵĬȻɹɱ֡㻹ǵðɣǺٻĸ磬Ϊ˾ң˵ΪԼİһг𣿡Ҷһ侲˵Ȼ̫ãȴû˼ֻ˳˼С
֮̾˿˵Ը񣬿ȰҲǰȰ˵˵ôģҪܰæ㲻Ҫҿ
ҶﵭһЦĻůࡣ˵̹٣æˣѾӶţٹһЩʱգҹƾҪˡ
ôҶ˵Ӷţ컹һǺǾ仰ȴüͷһŵʵ׻˵ӱʮ겻ҶͲܶһʱ𣿵ȵµӶٶҲٰҪʱ
ҶЦһЩε˵ĬȻѾǷӶűˣǰ죬ǵһ֧Сִʱ򣬱ΧˡҾҲûˣһ˶ϡ
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Ҷһ⻰һЦҡҡͷ˵̹٣ͲҪˣԼܽõġ
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ҶĬһ£һʱ䲻֪ôӦˡھʱ򣬺ٻΧ
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ĸ״ĶҪϱģЩһֱæҵѹûȢӣⶫҲûˣ͸ɡҶǸúӣƷò޿ޣ˵ǿġԺˣҪвԵĵطͶൣһЩȻСҪǸ۸㣬ͺ˵ұ֤ݺݵһٰ
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335 Ϊ
壬̫ˣңҲաٻЩ˼˵Ļ˵洫ĶԼôܽء
쿴ӸֳһĨº͵ЦݣЦ˵ȱæžܾȴ򿪿˵һ۾ϲˡ
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ٻô˵һ˿ᣬȻקקֱۣ˵˼ҵİ
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ٻĬƬ̣ҶﾪУĿһҶȻҶ촽ܵʪҶʱЩȴǸжźߵ⣬Ҳ˿Թԡ
ħһ㣬ٻͻȻе֣һζţҶƬ̣æӦܵߵСԼвͣĽҶĶʱʼӼҵĻӦ


336 ͳȥ
һķʽǳ˺ܾòŽ֮ʣٻɫѾͨһƬһȻϾŮԸߣȫſԼ
ע˫ˮӣҶɫʷ˸һ̣һԵĸоþòɢȥڴͬʱĸӼᶨ·źߵĴڣͻĶʿնһ·ľһ㡣
ȥɡٻĵĳҶ˼⻰һĶͷڲ֪ģ级һ㡣
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㲻Լ𣿡ٻʵ
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ĺٻڴϣ漴ҶûеֻںߣһֻźգٻƺıֺܲһҲ֪ôģٴҶһεѵˮһ㣬һ֣ͱ۾ڵȴʲô
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оĶٻжʱЩɻһʲôôԼĦȻ⣬ǳŮĽߣʱҲ˼
ҶָһֵĽ࣬ںٻ̫Ѩţһ򣬺ٻЩʧоԼһȪ֮Уÿһϸ̰˱ſеӡã͸оԼЩҪ˯ߵԴҲûеֿʱ˯˹ȥ
źٻƽĺҶЦһͣϵĶӺٻ˺ԡ˿̣ǰδеû˿Ĵڡ
Ȼһ˵ûмܵˡڻָԸҶ˵һĹﾭգĵռݵϷ硣ȻǸͷҪŻҸҪǡ
һ磬νռѾôҪģǸԵΪ˼룬źﲻͬһˣҪѧզ񡣰õĶԶһ֣ξİİͲܺεĴڡ
ںٻҶԸ⽫Լһз׳һֱ뷨ϣԶҪůҪİȫС
˺ٻãԶŲһ壬ͷ׵ͷϸĵĸϡһкԶĺһվ߽䡣
ˮϣʹҶ׼Ҳһ£˼ķɿŽĻָ˵ٻǰľٶΪջ󣬻ͦˡ
ȵȫƽ֮ҶŲ˲ϵˮΣ˯˳ȥŴһ񾲵ĺٻҶЦһѾͷˣԼѰˡ
Ƭ̣ߵȻߵϸ֫۾
һҹ˵˯в֪ͽˣٻٴʱɫѾһԼ϶ʱЩһԼƺС
¶һ˿ᣬٻսҶں߶ͷһ£ٴ˯еҶһֱͣ·Ҫ˿ӡļһ㡣
ͮͮճȺɽл𣬳һҹĳٶҶ۾ߵĺٻѾûӰʱЦһ
Ͱϴ֮Ҷûгæµŵĺٻôվſڣ۾һĿ
վʲôǲ˯Ϳ˰ٻתͷûſڵĳˣ϶ʱЦ⣬û˵һǵģ˸ﲻŻԼ
ٻԼҶɸһЦСʵϱǸûɣ
ٻһ⻰ûķ˸ۣһ˿ƻĵ˵˵Ǹ˵أҿĳЩŶĻԺƾͲˡ
һ⻰Ҷ˶ˣʲôҲǾĶҪҸʱôԺûлˣⲻҪ
н֮£Ҷ϶ʱЩ粻æ˵ϱôģɲ
һҶӣٻʱЦһﲻǺܴôʱôˡҲ룬һ
ˣøȥæء֮£ٻε˵
Ҷһ⻰ĵšųȴ˼æ׷ʵϱǲǲ
̵ˣٻ֪ԼڴǽԼ̣¾ûһ⻰ٿٻı飬Ҷʱ֪߲ˣæ˿
ٻ뿪һ˿ᣬһ̾Ͳڶ룬ʼ͡
͹ճȥɢˣҶҲûԼҪߵ飬һʱ˵壬úٻ˵
Ҫ𣿡ٻվſڣҶʰһ˵ʵ
ԣҶ̧ͷٻһ£˵ͷ˵粻˳٣һȥɣҲ
ٻһ⻰̲ס̾˿߽ңҶһԣԼʰ
Ҷ￴ҶǸжվһĿ͵ĿźٻĶƺҶĸһ㣬ٻĶԽԽȻͣƬ̺͵˹סҶںߵĻ
Ҷ￴ҲЩܣźٻı˵ɵϣֲǲˣˣٿ޾ҪСèˡ
ԣٻһҶţΪЦЩҵĲˮҶԼĿӣٻЩƬ̺ƽ
ϱҡ
ٻԣ۾գһ£һҶǷһ£ıסߣȻźϲŵۡ
ĵģʱҶȴһָдˣһּҵĸоʱĺٻǸŮܲãǺĵӡ
ʱһһĹȥٻЩ뿪ҶĻٴʰʱо˸ԴҶһЦҲû˵ʲôǺȶ治˵ʲôٴο޳
֮󣬺ٻһԲӣȥҶЩٶҲ˵ʲô
ſڴٻͣȻҶһ˵ǵûͳȥġ
ͳȥġ
⻰ҶıЩ᲻ǿסûбֳʲô֣صĵ˵ͷ֮󣬾ӣԶȥ


337 ҹķÿ
ǰȥҶﲻ֪ԼӦӦûͷҿٻĵסԼһ뿪еĲҶݺݵҡҡͷ˦еųȥ
ʧҰеɫʱݣٻ壬ᶨǧ޵ӹ˼ҵԷǡҶ뿪ˣȥҪչ˺һУ鷳Ƕİ˰ɡ
ɫıʱһ·ŽʻȥķɻƱģ֮ǰҪȥһˣǸԶˡҶ˵뿪ˣҲʵķԵõս޲ʤ
ӦµԵʣеһĹ԰棬ͦ೵ӣԺȥˣķϰߣҶüͷһ֮ͣҵһŵĳλ֮ͦҶĺһ³ӣȥ
ɫѩΪĹ԰һɫ£Ĺ԰ĬУطûл䣬ûȫסҪĻϾ˯Ҫ
һźĹȥҶϱĲһһƽޱȣûκβĹϤˣҶ΢΢һЦĹǰ档óһƿͨĶͷšƿǣСķĹǰĴӿڴͳһͰ͵Լһ
һ̣綼ǳûκĴڣҶֻĹĴڡ
бǣûκֻôţ˵Ҳûκζеẉ̂ȥżΪԭ˽˫ͫСĴ̼£кټĳˮҶƺʧȥһ㣬ˮգһһѩУѩͬ壬
Ķ˺ܾãõҶﶼʱ䡣
֪ǣԶһ˾վһ㣬ʼҲжͬǣֻҶĴڡҶ뿪󣬺ٻͿųطط͵͵һΣûԭºʱû뵽Ѿ뿪ˣȻΪʲôԼԴ˺ٻ޴ӵ֪
磬ٻٻлл㣬ллҵߡ΢΢źϣٻ
˺ܾãȻתȥҶһҲԸٴα룬ЩһξˣûҪһΡ
ٻĵ뿪ûҶע⣬ʱȻǰĶͷȼڻɫĻҽѩϣγһɫĻΪһŵƾ˼
ʱǴæģҶĳУĸСʱһת۾ʧˡ³һڰɫҶҪվȴ˫ľȫܿơ
ЦĿһƬϵĺһӵ˵Сŵ㿴ңȶʧȥ֪ġ
ЦһҶһ˿ݣֱ΢Цȡ֮ĹǿվҶͣһ£һˬǰµľƿ
̫䣬ĺöɲһˣֵһůůӡ
䶨Ҷһӣڿڹ˼ھƣһʱ䣬ľƾζʱһ¾ƿҶɸһ£תͷҲص뿪
ֵܣһġ
仰ɫ࣬ƾ˼ɱ
ʱҶﲢ֪Զڴ˰жѪӶפУĬȻڹ߰УֻһˣǰһĻĻһƯŮˣʮģǷ绪ʱ
ĻϵŮˣĬȻֳһ˿ŪĮϵĵ绰һ롣ʱŽСĬȻǰʵųʲô飿
ĬȻĿڵµʱ䣬ҵƬϵŮˣסҪġ
һ⻰̲ס鴤һ¡µʱһˣҪ˻˵ǰŮˣȻƯһЩȴûʲôԼôҡȻô룬ĬȻǰĲұֳʲôֻܴӦ˳ȥ
Ů˵һϢģϧǰ뿪˻ĹȥҪô뵽ЩԼϢ͸©ĬȻˣôûõ˵̯鷳顣
˳ȥٶȳƺоģĬȻվеϢȥĻȻǸŮ˵ƬҶĻһϳĻϵˣǺһ¶ˮԵơ
¸ԺĬȻ´Ҷйصһ˺£ҶһĬȻҲãԼҶжԾһ죬˵İţ֮ĳޣ˫޷ġһıмңȻŹκδҶĻᡣҪܽǸŮ˵ĿĬȻԼһԴҪЮߣͷ
ŻƯŵƶ䣬ҶһĨӵǰһȻٶ뿪ȻһˡʱСͬӷһ㣬±˷֡ȫͬˣٴ̤˻طọ́ΪģǽǸһֱڵв޷ӱܱȥ飬Ȼֵ֪ΣԸί档
ʱҶķɻɣԶһߵ죬ȴЩˡΪȽԭټʧˡһʱѾʮˡڽ˳Է֮ͿʼԵȴҶĵ绰ϾҶ˵ˣԼ绰ġ
һȣ͵ʱʱҲסˡ֮ҶֻϧֻдǶԷػϢ
Сʲôôػˣµ绰̲סһɧϸ֮£ЩԾڴģһҹ䶼ػôҶȴػˣѵ
˵ϳɾܿʶҶ뿪ˣػԭڷɻϡ뵽ܣɫʱࡣһ绰˲һҶ֤ʹü¼
һϢʹˡϣҶȷʵ뿪ˣȥغһУңҲ˳Ļաһຽ糿ȷϢ֮ȻЩŭҲûʱ䷢˼ǰų뿪ס
ĶҶȻǲ֪һСʱԺ·ɻһΧĻ֮󣬾߳˻һ糿ŵ㣬ͣһҹ
Ԥ˾Ƶ꣬ҶҲûʲôϴ˸֮󣬾ڴϢˡЩŶϧʱŪõģڿ;Ӷһηٴν˯ߡ
ʱ仺ţ賿ĵʱ˯еҶﱻһ󼱴ٵѡʱ䣬Ҷʱһ䡣˭ϲ˯ʲôţôŰѣҶŵʱȴЩķһֱ룬ƺϾһ㡣
֮£Щ˯ۣܲԸ´ţһҪһʱ䶼סˡ
֪Լʱ飬뿪ǲú߾û뵽İĳ賿ĵʱȻǰ


338 ƵϢ
̹٣ôҶЩĳЩţź߷мŵˮҶ۾ݺݵգһ¡
ôͲܳСӲ𣬾ΪҲ㣿һȥҾôվ棿컢ĿһŭĵҶһۣһûƿҶȥ
Ҷ￴¶һ˿ЦţЩε˽ȥ
ˣúõʲôѩһ߷йɧһȥ·ȥȫûҶ˼Ҷ￴϶ʱһߣͷ˰ɣôԼǰ˵໰ɲԸ
߽䣬ҶЦһЩڴû뵽쾹Ȼôֱ׷ںߵľٶǸжƽĶۣҶﲻԸ뵽ε鵱Сߵ뱲ӣڵĺܲˣʱӦð꣬Լԣսӡ
ǣԼôȰ˵أ
ҶЩȷѾξܾ˺ߣϧߵĴòû˿ҡȻ׷˹Ҷ֪һΣԼɹȰ˵Ǳȵ컹ѡ
˼ǺܾãҶҲû뵽ʲôõİ취ʱĵ绰ͻȻ
ʲôôҹô࣬Ҷﰵһ绰Сģ˼æͨ˵绰
С£绰һͨҶæʵСԸǲڰҹԼ绰
Сҹ绰ȷʵŽ飬һòʾһҶϾõ鱨ҶϢϢءȻڹ⾭Ӫʱ䲻СԼԭȦˣˣܶ˶ϵ
ǰһʱ䣬ѪӶٴθʱ򣬽һδˣȦںܶɱ֣һЩɵӶ˽ȥ⵹ѪӶжͷô˼룬ʵд˶Ǳȼȥġ
ѪӶʵ󣬵ǵȹңַ˿ϣֻҪӵĶԸǳϹϵĬȻֶĲһ㣬úܶ˼뵽档
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֮£ֻ֪ͨҶʲô㡣ΪʲôҪڰҹ绰ԵˡȻǱڻǰ졣
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һ⻰Ҷüͷ̲סһ£һһ鲻ԼģԸҲµˣһô
ʲô飬ֱ˵ɣɻ֮£Ҷ￪ʵ
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һԼǧˣҶһ⻰˶ʱסˣƣŮôǡΪԼΪѡ뿪˻ģԶ硣һֱҶﶼԼǷģ飬һҲˡȻ֣ʱƽ
ĬȻһҪԸߣһŮҪЮԼҶеɱһ˲˶㡣
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Сô˵Ҷĳ߲ĶʲôϢһ˿ҶоǷ꣬޲ھͳ嵽ĬȻǰһйͷ֮ޡ
ǺٻơҶǱʶ涼ŮˣҲۡĬȻһߣеɱȫѹƲסˡ
ĬȻ
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Ժ˺ܶ໭棬һΪһҵԱȥ̸УȰ˵֮£ͬӳٽʱ󡣵ڶΣģ޵Ļ١ΣںߵĴϣͺ߷˹ϵѡ뿪УһܶĻҵԶ磬ΪľԼѾ
ĻӰƬһԺзӳšȻ䣬ҶãԼֻǿǷŮˣʼնڷ¡ͲӦú뿪еģȻʱȴɳܵѡ˳Ĭ
֪ʱҶҶվͬҶһŴƬڰ֮̾˿˵Ǻú̸̸ɣܻģϣһԡ
ԣҶһ£˼˼Ƭ֮˵ʦ˵ǷܶһΪʲôֻΪ˻Ŷ𣬻Ϊʲô
ЩĪ쿴ġתͷһҶһ˼˵屾һ˵Ļ⣬㲻Ҳκ˶ҶǲʲôҪ˵ֱ˵ɣӡ
ԣҶ̲סҡҡͷոǸижоԼС뱣ˡȻƽǲò˵һֱУ춷˶˶ҪʲôΪʲôҪ뵽棿
ʦ㻹ǻȥɣһѶԲȥġĬȻȻܴ󣬵ҶҲߣһΣұؽڽ£һѩǰܣҶĻЩɵζ档û뵽ôֱӣһγƺԼΪʦǽ̹٣Ȼ˵Ķﻰ
Цһһƶ˵ܾĻͲҪ˵ˣ˵ҲһȥĶȥĶҵİûж󣬵ܸ㵲ӵһġˣͨ˵ӱܴΪеңȻһʦ¾ͲҪˡ
ԣҶůͬʱҲǿЦߵ̬̫ˣ޴¿ڵĸоѵҪӦ𣬴һȥٴ̤սҰսڵ裿
ԲСҶݺݵҡҡͷͷ˦˳ȥȻ侲˵ʦȻͳȥˣҲˣӦҵ˼ġҵĻͻȥչ˺ٻİȫҪǣҪһزȥˣŮҸùޡ
һ⻰һ£һˬ˵С˵ЩҪҴơҪ㣬ΪȥںٻѾҵŮˣ˵Ҳ֪
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339 ˵
ʦôŮˣʲôʱôˣɻ֮£Ҷ̲ס˳
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ⶼʲôʲôҶô˵ʱЩЦáô׾˸ɹŮҲ̫˼˰ɣ
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̲סһţСҲ̫˰ɣȻұԼһŶġ
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ԣҶڨڨһЦüͷ˼ӦôܾأЩ
֮ҶͻȻи뷨ڹڡ
ʦһڹڣһ桭
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ҶЩЦãôͲԼѻ˵
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һ⻰תͷҶһۣ̲ʵʲô飿
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ʦⶫʲôܸ֪ʲôðɣ
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һҶҲⶫǲƭԼģҲûҪѡЩĻ£ҶչһЦСװ˿ڴС
֪ûµĴڣѵʱ򣬱סӶŵԱЩҲΪĬȻܵĵڡȻЩǺ󻰣Ҳᡣ
̸˺ܾãڼֲĵ˺ܶ飬ҶӦ֮˲Ź˵˯
һҹʱ仺峿ĵһؼ䴫ʱҶҲ˹۾ʱ䣬С´䣬ôǲԸ⵫Ƶ˯ߡϾҹһҹ·ϣҪϢϧ컹ǱĶ˹Ҷ߽䡣һ˿˼ٶȱ۾
˵Ķ˵ˣԼҲûбҪ˵ʲôˣܲܳɹͿҶԼˡ
ϴҶ﷢컹˯ûгǮƵҶҪЩͣŻص˷䡣д֮ҶͰʣµЩϡ˯е죬Ҷһ˿ӣ̾˿߳˷䡣
Ҷ뿪Ժٴ۾ϵͣ΢΢һЦҲûʲô˼Ҷ뿪Ƶ֮󣬾ʹ˳ӣŷɻȥ
˵ʱҶڷɻ档һΧĻҶЩᡣҲһΣڻǣҵĵط
뵽Ҷ̲סһԼ˼ȥһԼһҪţûûҲֻһǾĬȻԼ
һ·ͨĵϷɻҶ֮󣬾ͱĿٻ绰ģǿǵܻܵӰ죬ͷͷ
֪ǣԶڽǵĺٻʱһʧŵ绰û뵽Ҷ֪뿪ҲûиԼ绰֮£ֻȥˣϧ绰ʾҶֻڹػ״̬úٻͬʱЩˡ֮£ͨĵ绰ȷҶѾ뿪Ժŷ
˵еŮΪٻǰ仰ı˳һҶ绰ػͿʼĺǲʲô鷳ˣ뵽Ҷ˷ɻ
һ뿪Ҳ˵һôʰ㣬ٻߺߵİһ䣬Сϱסʱͳ˳˼ǡ
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ϸ֮£Ͱһѣúߺһȥһ˰ĴǡפĴʹݵˣΪһЩ£ûˡȻǴӦ
ʱһתţԺҶжһۡǰǰģڸС˵绰Ժ󣬺˵ҪҲûƴǾˡ
ҶôСȻǸ֣ҵĹһһޣӶŵľɳԱһֱԦãһ棬Ҷǿ̫ˣȫСԼ޷顣


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ҶŵСʱԺСʹ˳ˣһԲʷͷϴһƾɵñӡվԶҶ˷֣ܵʾϴ
Ҷ￴ҲԥֱӾ˴ҶһСԼĸǰӶŵľɳԱȻҶǲǵˣǶҶȴǼ¡
𣿡һƤĺСһĴкȻû˵Ǵǵıܿеļ֮顣
֮ԻôһΪҶͷһ棬ҶӶţЩӶŽɢԺͳɢµ˵ǵ
ﲻ˵ǵط˵Ҷԣ˵ͿС²һǺ࣬˲ٿ࣬ҲЩھΡ߱Ǹɱ֣ҪǼȥ϶ú󡣵ȴΪԼ飬Ըݿ¡
ϴˣҿˡҶ￴ԼСٺһЦæ˵
ҶºһЦ漴Ҳû˵ֻĺߵļ򡣲Ȼû˵СȴǼںڵпණ
Ӷڶĳƺǡ˱˾ԭĳƺûҲҶﵱ˼Ϊܸõ£ǰĳԱϾЩ˵սС
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ΪǰӶڱѪӶ֮ȻԱΪʧǻزûбռݣȻⲢ˵ѪӶˣʵǣһۣӶŵĻصʩݻٵĲˣû̫ļֵСʽ޵£ûѡ񻻸طֻﰲ
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УĴ߰ɣþûصˡҶﵭĿ˵żеĵطȥ
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ҶĬ֮󣬵˵ͷ˵ĺܲô̵ʱŪѾܲˣҲܱĸá
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ô˵Ҷɫʱǰû뵽棬ĬȻĶֻԼʧˣǰӶŵѹȥ
˵˵Ǵεɡ
鷢ǰʱԱһӡȰ̵ĹӶǰߵıһ񣬶ԷǮҲϣûÿ𡣿ϧ鲻֪ôͱѪӶ֪ˣĬȻ˽ӽʮˣǵһˡ
СҶɫһʱˮһѹֵıŭл
û°ɣҶʵҶ֮ôʣǵѪӶŵɥĲ񣬰ѹһҸˡӶžͲʧôˣΣҪǸҪĶ
ǸʵСѪӶŲûжǣҲǲеˡҪȻһΣոճӶž͵ýɢˡСһ˿µ˵
ԴˣҶ˿漴һ˵СûѪӶŵľʵ鱨ҪеĻ˵˵鿴һ;ŪõģǵóڵĴ㡣
һЩǶǴţûļֵѪӶŵܹһǧ˰ٶˣһǧ˳걻ӶΪĳҵ⼮ţҲѪӶıǮ˰ٶˣɲμĳԱٶǵҲû취֪ⷽǱܣ˸߲㣬˸˽⡣СԼ֪˵һ£Ҷ˳ĬСѾõѪӶжֲ׼ˣڿĸ⡣
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Ҷ￴һۣ󵭵һЦҲ˵
˹Ȼ󣬵ǣν̣ԼȫûлᣬοҶĿֻĬȻһˣ޴֧Ӷš
ѪӶǳɵһǧˣҶȫÿǡЩμˣҪʱõҲΪ̫谭ѾˣߵԼһװ䱸Լò˵Աʿ϶ҲԼȻһʵҵ¼УҶڵһʤ࣬ǴʱãҲǺġ
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Ҷ˺ܶ꣬ȻǺһСһ·ߵСԼŵķ䣬Ҷ߽ȥ˿ʱĵ˵ͷ
װκܼ򵥣˴ɨĸɸɾģôʱĴҶҲЩˡ뵽ҲûҶڴ
ٻ绰ģ뵽ﲢܲʳ;εķʱȥٴҲ٣֪ٻΪʱϵĲ˵ѾǺˡ


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ݵΪ˾ɥʧһΣѪӶųӶԱ̫࣬طؿ飬͵͵֣һټӶšٶˣҶһҴ棬ҪŵϤһ٣Ҳûվ
ĬȻһᱨġ
ͳĻҶд⺧˵ɱ⡣ƽһ飬ҶӶͳһΪԼϣþò
ԶĽǣʱһԸıǸֵ飬ȫĶƷгսϣݱ䣬ڴĶɣֱǶӥԼһֱܵ͵ۡ
ĵط仰õڹ˽ǵơǰɸвϣҪѹңȻһҶ
ͬǹӶг֮һ඾ɶỨǮӶˣΪԼʱѪӶžʮԱ˶ĹӶǵֻһǸɵӥһӡ
ӥǸʮ̩ˣ켣꣬쵽λʵǵˡȻһЩ㣬뷨ֻܼԼӵˡ
ֻһӣһֱǱߣΪľú߼̳ԼλáҲֵһֱǿȦɵ㣬Ŷһ
һӥĶ̩ǴһЩ£һطһɽס޴̩һôСġϧʱ֪ԼѾһɹӶˣЩ˲ģҪ
׵ĵصһķϵĹʱʮһ㡣̩׼ʱϵʱ˳˽ףĿͻ뿪˿
ӳҿǻǶְɣǸСأֻҪĿ۶ԴҪˡһžѻǹĺƤӶһ͵˵Լ˴ϰ˵ſ֪ڻûƶѾľˡСɱȽϺãҲ˲ǡ
죬ˣҰ㡣һİӶݺݵĵһ˵ˡεȻܼ򵥣ûӣڽɱӥĶӣɱûʲô𡣱ǲԸμģǶļܸߣǾܲסջˡΪֻҪһΣһ֮еõŮõĺơЩ˵ջġ
һǹܷκһˣҲˡ׼ĿǷӦʱ䡣ˣСһǹǸһԴȻεӶͱˡ˺һ˶ӳ
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ŶԷԽԽӽ˵ĺỺи紵ݶԷľ
𡣡Ⱥһĵص󣬰˶ӳ´˿ѪԱҲһ˲кҩ
ͻ̩û뵽ﾹȻԼѵǺڳԺڣиոͷʱ۾ʱԲһӵ׼ȷķɽüģ
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ΪȫѪӶŲûм뿪ǣһƵסһϣ뿪˽ǡǲ֪ԶһӥѾ֪Լ飬ѾǷ˸ۿڣ׼ԼЩˣȫɵ
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ҶͬˣСȻ˿ͺҶһվں϶֣̫ĹעҲܳ䲻⹥䲻
㣬ѪӶŵĳԱĴֻӦûСʱԺڸĺ򣬶ҶҪľ½ЩˣȻѴֻըΪĲӪֻѪӶԼṩģһҶûκθ
СѡԱ֮Ҷʹ˳ˣȻҲûаװԱÿ2000ԪıꡣҶʹ˺һôһҪ֧Ԫˡ
ҶڵĴֻʱ͵Ԥĵص㣬ʱѪӶһĴֻҲ
ԽԽĴֻҶ¶һ˿󵭵ĿڷԸһȺˣֱףҪǹҪڵһʱ棬ҪǴϢᡣ
ѪӶųԱ˵Ĵֻһ̫Ľͧȫɸ죬Ҷִ֪ҪըǺѵģòıԣԻɱԷΪĿꡣ
ҶԸȥʱֻľԽԽʱͽ˹Χ֮ڡԱЩţҶ̲סüͷǳƴģʲôԼ˶ǹ࣬ѵɲ档Ȼô룬ҶҲ֪ܹЩˣѪӶ죬ͷ˻Ҫη֡
Ҫţ˱Ƕ࣬϶ܳɹһУǰԴ˿ǺֻܴһԶó˵οһˣҶͲٿˣԽԽĴֻ
ô˵ҲǷһЩ˶ӳǰӭĴֻ̲סüͷҲûж룬ΪߴֻСȻ˲٣ǶԼҲ첻Σա֮ô⣬ΪԴ档ִ֪Լ


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ӳЩЩְô˼棬Ǻɣüͷ˵Ǿѻֳڴ󲿷ֶԱ֪Ҳһȹ˺ܶΪѡ
ô˵˶ӳһ˿м˵ҪǺͺˣ˵졣ô˵ʼ
ϴںʲô˷ܵӡȻ洬ϵĺУС̲סɻʵҶô˵ʱЩĵһһۣô֪˺ʲôҪǺԼȥˣʲô
һҪˣǺǵģʲôϵ
Ҷ˵ʱ۾΢΢һУΪ˫ľѾܽӽˣҲĹ롣
ûʲôҶֱ´
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䡭һıըͻȻѪӶŵĴ϶ʱһ󰧺˼ӦĳԱһ֮⣬˶ⲨըɥʧҶ￴ɹûǹѹƣôȥ
ըѪӶŵ˱ҪģϧԷƺ㵽һ㣬ֱûǹʼɨ䣬֮£ֻܶ棬粽СмаҲǸոһ¶ͷͱɸӡ
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̵ģҲһ㰡Ұ׵һ󡣡
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ŶԱǵЦ֣ҶﵭһЦֹˣֻԷ©֮㡣ҶԼߵ˼ʻңܲܰѴȥ
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һҶ߳˼ʻҡճͿС߻бһһ˷ܵӣҶЩɻ
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ϴҸոڴзһȫҹţӣǷ˰ȻҶ˵СҲûֱ˷ܵ˵
һ⻰Ҷһ˿㵣ԼѾһôһѪӶŵ˾ôǮֽ𵽴ܲɡ
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ϴ㲻ҪңҲǮС˿ڿˮһŵ˵
Ҷ￴һ˿ӣ󵭵˵ǲ򿪿֪ˣʲôⶼʲôˣܲеϢǼ𣬰㼤
ҡҲ٣ǮϴѪӶǲвôֽܡСݺݵһڿˮһš
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˵ﻰЩǮӦù֯óһЩָǣѾܸˣӶŵϳԱҵֵǳսȥˣеһ̣վǿϣѾܸлˡǮҲ˵ȥҲû˻˵ȥ
ҶĻ䣬˷ϣ˵ˣҶﵭĵ˵ͷɨˣ֪˶Ӧŷġ
ԴˣҶЩжЩ˲ûеĲûǰɥʧԣһܿӶҪչȥûпܡ
Ǯ֮ҶҲԡСǮ֮˰Ҵפȥ
˴жջķᣬЩ֮ƣһҶˡߣɵѪӶЩˣҲҶ˿ڶһֱĬȻûռˣյߵĳ⣬һ˵Ϣ
һж֮ӶٶȳĬȻ֪֮󣬲ûнĿӶϣֻǱˣԾٲҲֻ
ӥڵ֪ѪӶŵ˶ںϱ˸ɵˣҲֹͣ׷˶ԺԼôװݣһ濪ʼһҲӶɱ֣ѪӶŽбĬȻͷö˺óʱ䣬ͬʱҲӶŵİչĻᡣ
ڵõǱʽ֮ӶžͿʼһЩʩͨ¾̣ɹһЩȽװһʱ䣬ӶҲѸٷչΨһҶͷ۵ľǣӶŵԱ̫٣һҶĲҪԸѪӶţԱģҲ롣
ʱ÷ɿ죬һת۶ʮ͹ȥˣһҶո˯ѣͽӵĵ绰뵽żµͨѶʩҶﲻɵĿЦһ
ʦǲнչˣ绰һͨҶҲףֱʵ
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ģһ⻰Ҷ̸ƵһֱڵţϢ˵ɵ̫ˡ
һ⻰ʱЦСǲƤˣʲôʱƭ㡣
ô˵ҶǷһʱĬԺжǸӰ


343 Բ
ʦʲôطĬҶе
һ£漴˵ҶҾǰϢ˵һ£㵣ģڻǸʱҪĬȻǿӦ֪㲻ܷġ
ԣҶһĨɬһã֮˵ЩעҪеʦӦ֪Ҳֻӱܵˣԡ
ƺ֪дһ˵ҲûٶԣҶڵλáҶϵ绰֮Ҷ˺ܾþ뿪䣬ҪȥƣҪߡȻЩʱԼúƣڵƺҶЩͬҲûжҪȫ뿪һʱ䡣
ҵС֮Ҷ򵥵˵һ𣬾ںһԹУ뿪ˡ
ԶڷĳСǵƣһԹ򵥵֮󣬾ͳŸĽȥÿжʥ֪Ѿһ֡
ӽû·ϣ̲סüͷΪ֣βԼЩֻһֱȴûжʲôٶҲûϡôʱԣƽ͵࣬Ҳû롣ǽЩ˾ȻжˣЩ
һƬС죬ǰͷƯִ󷽵ŮˡࡣĻŮעҪΪҲڽŪһõĲƲ
̲סҪֵģϧŮ˺ܴ֮һֱӼ˵Ƹһĺ˱ڡɧ֮£Ǹ˿
ΪԼûлˣǰ죬Ǹ˱ͻȻʧˣԭǶԷֻ£ϧһ죬Ǹıڶûг֣ľͿʼ궯ʹðһҪǳɹˣԺܱ˹鲻˵ϲһֱڴġ
ϴҪҪ֣ǰ߾ǱˣбҪ־鷳ˡ·ԽԽƣǸСܶʱż˵һֱں죬ԺҪǳϢˣ϶մ⣬ԶǺĵġ
ӦǷʲôˣˣֱϰɡסһҪϽȻ󡭡˵һ⡣ŮֻҪ˯֮ùԹԼġ·ïܵĴ֣ҲûͷĴڣȫѵص㡣
һ⻰СҲһЦһڴ˵ϴģܲܡ
ȻֵиͬͬŮ֮ԺƬ˵㣬˹ǰ˻СǡһЦ˵ǸСһ⻰üɫȴûע⵽еķ۴̡
׳գҿϵŮҲŰɣˣ͸ɵ㡣ٻǰֵʲôοֵ
٣С椣һͦµģҪҪ棬֤ɡ
ͻȻһŲɻ󣬸תͷһ˶Լǰ棬и˵ĵĻʱҲע⵽˵ӣǰɧŹԼǸС
ûʱ䡣һŭ˵ŻҪƹϧûģܾô뿪
ߺôƢҾϲֻ𱬵Ůˣѹֵ̫ˣôİкǲҪлһ¡һЦ˵Żٶסơ
üͷĿԲŭ޳ܣ
ٺٺ٣޳ܾ޳ܰɣ졭һóѵ΢ЦϳβСܴ˸ɫСһʾ⣬̽׼Ĵȥ
Ҫ˰һʱƣʱȡҲΪŲۡ
һ㣬˷ˡһŮ˽еæߴСڴã˾Ϳȥ
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ȷû˴ʱͻȻһ˵һæͣ˽Ųˡ
һһװĶӣıͦüĿһͷںڵͷƮеζʱһ΢ЦĿԼǲ֪Ϊʲôܸо˫۾ЩĶ
СӣҪʲôȰ£ĸϿãƽϡһ˵ԼӦһﺦ˰ɡ
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ҪʲôϽӲе֮£Щɫ
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⻰һ̰࣬˼ҹѾӡˣô
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ȥסҽҶĻﻺĴҶһֶĲӣЩһˡ
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ŹңҪҪɱҡСܴʱѾ˿־֮У˵˵ȫҶЦһһ˿мһ̧ȣ˺ߵͷ
˻ȥҶһһԵĴӡڴڼ䣬ɱȫɢһĨȡ֮
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ҪԼˣô顣ǰļ˵ʱʲôӦ
ʱѾ棬ʵĶҶģϤףγСϧչΣһһˣյķȻ塣
ԲˡҶﲻ֪οڣĻں۳һ򵥵ĻȻ仰ЩΣҶֻô˵
˵ŻҶӵסߵȻĲźϵˮ
Ƶݺݵ˼£ͷֱ񷣬һʱᴩҶ顣Ҷ۽Щʪ󡣺𣬸ǿһЩŮ˻һֱڵԼĳ֣Լȴ֪Թٿ֪࣬жѡ
޾Ϳްɣ޳һЩҶЩͳŲײĲ⻰ƵĿƺִһЩʱίҲȫ˳


344 ƵĶ
ƵĿûг̫ʱ䣬еѹַйͺ࣬ʱ͵Լ̧ͷĿҶһΪЦ
Ҷﱻһ仯һ㶣Ҫ˵ʲôȴ˵㵹ʱ䣬Ӣ۾ĸоɡ
ǰ仯̫ҶһʱЩӦˡոջ޳ɸһôת۵ĹܿЦˣŮˣһֵﰡ
ţҶȻƣæ˵ͷ˵ȷʵֻܲǡ
һ⻰ƵϾЩŭˣԼ飬һﾹȻô룬ԼֻǿЦ˼˳˵ȥзҶĻû˵꣬æһɻʵֻʲô㵹˵
Ҷ΢΢һЦɫ仯һ΢΢һص˵ֻӢ۾Ĵ̫һЩ
һ⻰еķŭʱɢ˿һͲһ԰ѻ˵꣬˼ҰװһΡ
ˣô֪òû˵ѽѵǸѾͷģ֮ƾЩ
Ҷ￴̲סЦһָָԱߵʬ壬һ˵㲻ǴļҳɣǲǸûط
һ⻰Ʋڵɫ̲סһסЩǵ˵Ҷɱˣô죬ֵĻᱻץߵġ
һӣҶЩů˵ɱѣʲô˵ġ˵ˣһʱҲᱻ֣ûʲô֤ݡ
ҪҪˣܲеġż֮£ͻȻ뵽һֲʬ𼣵İ취
Ҷ￴̲סһЦ˵ˣţָͱҰȥҲ˵ǻǿЩ뿪ɣҪȻ˿Ͳˡ
֮ô˵Ҷĺ£ƵЩȶ뾡뿪⻰Ҳ룬¾ʹҶ뿪֡һ·صƵסҲûˣһ
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ҶٺһЦҲ˵ͳȥװμ࣬ڹڵסһȻϲľַ
Ҷȥݲ衣Ц˵ͳųȥҶﱾ˵Ҫ鷳Ļǻȥ
ʱƾͶű˿ӷŵҶǰҲûм棬ʱ̸໥˵һ½ľ
ʱҶ֪ƳԺľȻ̶µʱ䣬˺ܶңоЩˣͣϲϢСǸһְݵĸоʼգƶ˵ͣǳסҶףںУûһЩҪġھǰ֮ҶѾ¶˾ģǾǴ߻ȥʲô
ϾֻһŮˣټǿҲѲʵҶﲻ֪Ҫǽٴηνܡ
ƣһȥɣһڹ⣬Ҳġ˼ãҶԼ뷨
һһ˿ײį仰ܶΣΪʱԼһĴӦعҶǲ˳ҶʲôˣҲ͵͵ĿϺ߼ۣ˵㹻ˡ
ȻһķʱȴɬԼ뿪ĵĳԣΪ˲ҶѡѵԼҪ뷨ɣ
ҶȲ˵ʱҲˣ㻹ûԷɣȥ緹մǣø㳢о֮£Ʊܵѡӱܣվһ˵һ߿첽
Ҷ￴ַӦЦһһͳĺ緹ʱˣһ߳ԷһţڼҶҲûǸ⣬˵顣
һٷҶͿʼƵĳմгԭˣõ˵ȻǸˡʱƴҶСﵽ˹䣬ڼСŮһͣĸҶΧһС
ԴˣҶﶼ΢Цԡ߿ܸˣҶԼҲǸɨ˵ˣԽҶԽζǰչʾĶǿ֣ûһǳҶż¶ıпһЩ
Ҷȥ￴ɣõĲݣղ˺ܶ
ҶҪҪЪһһȥȱȣĿȿɲڵ֤вͬĸо
ҶиֳҪҪȥһ䣬ȥܾˣһֱûȥҲ֪浽ô
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ƽȥϴԺҶվڴǰϰµͿڴȴָû̵ĴڣɵÿЦһ
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Ҷ˿˼УڽﻹЩ£Ҫʱ֣治֪ᷢʲôʱڶˡ
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Ҷļǵã򶩻ָ죬ٻһѡĻᣬƵȰ˵֮£ѡ˺ٻƻȥǲڴԼ
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ǳջ󰡣ҶĪͷɵü


345 ҹɫ
ţҶ񲻿ƵЩŮ˲ҰʾʲôɣҪĻҸô찡
뷨һ֣ҶͺݺݵرԼһ¡ΪһѪյˣʱ⣬ⲻٸ˶Ů˲ǲȥô˵Ǹᡣ˼תҶܿ뵽ܰƴȥˡ
ϧ뷨Ʋ֪ʱȴһˣһԼ֮󣬾ͷˣǹ࣬ôЩζԣʲôأаԼһ䣬ƺܿͿҪΡ
ʲôأͲһ㣬ֲû
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Ů˿϶ջңĴҪ˰ипһ䣬ҶͼʲôֲûǲڰʾǰôôĻò£
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һ⻰ҶϾк׹ʲôʲôлôҪǰĺܲҪôûù˵˾˵滰Ҳעⳡϰҵ棬Ҳ̫˰ɡ
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ҶһĳԼ߹ʱһңȻ֪ʲôԭվԭزƶҲ˵Ҷ￴ֱӾͱ˵ȴԼ
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֮£Ҷ￪ʼתƻ⣬ߵĹ˾ҶҲʲôˣֱ˵˵˾˾ԼԴţֱҶ˵Լл
ҶһУƺǸжǸ˾һģԼ̫Ѫע뵽棬ʱ֮ͺһҪ뿪ǣҲֻܾʹա
ף԰һСְԱôôǮأͻȻ뵽һ顣ҶֻٻŵһСְԱôôǮԼĹ˾ѵǺٻǮɣҲԣٻȻСǺԼĹ˾ЩģչԼĹ˾ǲܵģûôʽ
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뵽ЩƵЩˡԸǸҶȥҲµ顣
ƵķӦҶ΢΢һŮˣǲͬһ£Ҷܿ˦뷨һЦſ˵ƣһΰɡ
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ʱƾʵ˯ۣŭεļһ
ֻèһ̫ɹƨˣ𴲡ƵķӦҶٺһЦ٩˵
һҶУٶȱ۾˵СдԹһҲŲҪ𴲣̫۵ġ
ҪƣҶҲûа취ԹԼֵҲ
ƣҪٲ𴲵ĻҾһΰҶյ߶ߣһ˵漴һ֮ڳһ˺кôɡ
һ⻰Ҫٴ˯ȥƶʱˣæ۾һĿҶⶼʲôˣһ˻ۣò˯һУ⻹ò˻ˡ˵˲˱Ƚôôڿ죿
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һ˵УҶʱεЦЦҪǶԼôô˵ѵζ治һܰ
֪һûģҪԼŪȥֲû֡ӵĿҶһۣһֱӸҶһ󱳡
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屻ҶŪЩܣƴⲻߣһֱšҶ￴ʱļһЦĻ֪͡
СұģҲúʰ㡣ţҶϵĶͼӿ죬ʱƾЩ̲סˡһᣬ˼ֻ˯һᣬô


346 
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ҶҪưġϧҶѾͣһ˼£ýȥƻû˵꣬һѹ˺ߵĽ֮ϡ
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ʱ仺һתۣҶСʮˣڼ䣬ưҶţ߱Сǵÿ䡣ÿնһ˫֮ĸվڼУҸһʱ⣬ҪѡĻԸʱԶʱڷת
ϧþһ糿Ҷǲֻ˼ٵҶ绰ʱ䣬ɫҶϵ绰˳Ĭ֮һԲ
ЩĵĿǰ˵ָоЩ£ϾҶʱıʵЩˡǳڶĹģƻǰȥҶߡ
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ԣҶ̧ͷĿƺһ˵ƣҿ²عˣһЩ£ȥһˡ
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ԣһ˿ײįεĺܺãҶҲûз֡
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֮ҶһγӶŵפأǰһвûзʲô仯Ҷ˿뵽ĬȻԣЩͷ緢ĬȻͼˣҪӶš
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Ҷ΢΢һЦ˵ﲻ˵ǽȥɡ
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·κһҶϣģǾĿǰƶԣҶûѡ
Сôģ˵˵Ŀɡ
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ѪӶŶԱȣǵ·磬ҲĬȻԴԭ԰ȥǺܲ㡣뵽һ취á
Ҷô˵СʱɻĿʵϴʲô취
ҶһЦĮ˵
һ⻰һ˷ܵСʱ˪˵һ㣬⻹ԼϴҪԸƽ˻ǸЧֶΣڵĶѪӶţһսսʿԸǣǲ̫쿪ˡ
ǲǸоףСı飬ҶﲻòҲ֪һʲô
ԣСɸһЦ˵ͷϾԼϴ󣬻Էֱӷˣ治һΡ
ˣѾעˣΨһķҪõĺõĻĬȻ̵ӶţξͶˡ£һƷɱ⣬ʹСҲЩ
ϴ󵽵ҪʲôѵʲôֲɣɻСȴ˼ʳҲ֪ҶҪ˵ˣû˵ǾǲԼˣҲûá
ȥһˣĵ绰ҶһЩҶҲСʲôֱӷԸ·ʱ䣬˺ܶȷжͺʶḷ̌һЩϾͻᱻ͵һУҪСȥȡ
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ٷϻȥȥ˽ʮոеĵڶͷȥֱȡУѾ˵ˡˣϴνɻĴȥɣӦòˡ
ҶЩСҲҶˣϵʽ˳ȥҶ￴뿪ص̾˿ķܸСúʲôȻ֪ģһзˣҶס
컹ûڣҶһ£뿪סȥȥ֮뿪פأԶĴȥҪǼƻһ˳ô
ЦһҶ񽥽ᶨҪķʽѡеķϾΥȻ
ʱҶĵ绰ͻȻһİĺ롣Ҷһ¾ͽ
ãҶҪ19ŵ飬Ѿ˾ˣ19ŵΪ˽˲ƲԼѾ͵ĸ䣬ʱǩ֡
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347 
Ҷϵ绰ҶǺ࣬һԼˡǵһӵָо
ʱķɿ죬峿ŵӣСʹ˻ˡһҲûϢֱҶΪʱ̫ʣҪҶ˵
Ҷĵַ͵绰׾ҵͻˣЩϵǣȫĵ¾̣ɽķɽķᣬʱɥĸ״ļ޸һ̡
ڼ̸Ӱ֮£ɽķҲ·ѵĴƴټͷĿͷֻһֻҪܸ㹻ĽǮͿԴõκζ俴ƴ󻰵ĻճΪʵ˶֣һƺʲôŪ֣ңκ£˵ûʧܹ
С˵ɽķһУҪĴڣ֪ҶһôʶɽķģȻҲĵġĵҶ뷨ΪĻܶණҲЩľ
ϴһˡСһžͿҶﱳԼ̣æڴк
Ŷ˾ȥϢɡҶҲתƬ̺󵭵˵
Сһ˿ǣһﵽôˣоЩײˣԼҲû
ϴЩСЩﵽʲôģǻߣ˻ȥС飬ʮңʽסɫζ͡ЩСľĸоЩɶҪսʰҶŪôǲЩˡ
Щ㲻ʣʱȻ֪ˡȥϢɣˣһ֯ȥѵЩҪȥҶЩĮ˵
Сû취ֻһ뿪ˡ
һʱҶһŵѵʱѾۼˣһʮˡҶ￴СһۣҲû˵ʲôߵǰ
һ˵ǶһЩĴŰɣҸǣЩģѪӶžͻǵΨһĿǻǸոսӶš˼ҾһЩѪӶųǵ
˵ҶͣĿһһɨˣ֮ٶȿڣԱˡ
ǵУкܶ˶ӶŵĳԱȻûǳսѪӶŻĻأͱһŻһΣҾʹǣеŭ𳹵׷йѪӶ֪ʲôкڡ
ǵ󣬶ѻһЩҪǽЩȫƬСķҴԸʾڸңԸԸҵ
Ը⣡Ը⣡Ը⣡Ҷʻ̨µĴ˶ǼĺЩңȴ顣Ҷ￴ˣ¶һ˿οЩ˶ŸԵѪԣһܺá
˽һһ𿪺Ҷ͸˽˶Щˡַȥ֮Ҷһڴв
ʱ䣬һжɣʱС֪ҶҪʲôˡû뵽ҶôѵͲǺˣǻٵѪӶţҲһ
ϴ㲻ô̫ΣˣǰĬȻɵˣЩʿҲУСüͷ˵
ԣҶﵭһЦһζĿСһǿˣҲûʲôڶúˡһҲֹԼ
㲻ϹˣûµģĬȻһЩҾҪҵҲܡ֪Լ˵ʲôСǲݵģ֮£Ҷֻܳ԰οߡ
ϴҪǽٵˣܷŹ㣿С֪УȻӶŵפأϾ֮ҶĲúԣҪõϵľһյѪӶŵ档Ǿ֮ЩҲ϶ġϾַʽΥ˺ͣҪվһҶЩҶ³ֻһ
㿴ʲôô˵ҶﵭһЦ漴ݹһļһĶСɻ֮£ӹһЩ
Э飺ҶΪ9ŵµˡ
ϴˣСһʵһʲôʱģôҲԼһԼ׵һ
ԣҶҲ˵ֻǵ˵ͷ˾֮ҶĹҳʾ빺9ŵЭ顣9ŵ쳣ķϣλüûзչǰ;ǸҿûмֵҪʹǺľʹӦ
ϴȻЭôдģûпǹҪջС֮ĹͬҪǵʱҧסɿô죿С˷֮£Щǡ
Ҷô˵Ҷȴû̫ķӦֻǵ˵㲻òģǲᶯҵģҲûҡ
⡭ҶĻһҭСʱЩˣлЩĵģϾҶԼϴǱܵĴΪ߿ǣѾϰߡ
ʱܿ͹ȥ죬ӵĽٽӶŵ˶ЩûϾѪӶ̫ǿˣȻԼҲõ㹻׼Ч
פصһҶһŵ棬λãСˣЩ˶ЩСӳ֮ģҲӶŵĸ߲˰ɣǱҶġ
СûдϢĬȻʲôʱ򵽣ãҶͳʵ
С΢΢һ˵ϢѾյˣĬȻǸһԴѾɳУվ㣬絽
С䣬Ҷͷ⼸Բһ£вߣɫҲɷһƬ΢΢һ̾Ҷûйǵ˼˵ӰѪӶŵͷվ̫һЩЩ˺ҲǺ顣
֪֪жˣҶһ£ٶʵĵ⣬ҪǶԷ̫ˣҪһˣϾҪĬȻ˰ѵΧԼٺõ׼Ҳǰ״
ҶʻСæ˵ϿֻٶˣЩ˷ΪʮѾɳСǲ֪ǰлûˡ
һ⻰Ҷ˼֮˵ͷ˵ǶȥԼµĶԱϣԺͶ뿪죬ȥܰɣѾҪôˡƻǶӦЩ²⣬ڴǰ˭ҲӲ̫Ҳûá
һ⻰˶ʱɧʲô˼սʱԼߣⲻȻǶԺ˸ҹӶԼҷʲô
㲻صǵİΣǹͬˡˣҲһ˰ˡӱ²С
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348 С
һʱ֮䣬̫ĻһƬӵҶ΢΢һЦֹ̧ˣȻһɫ˵ҲӱֻȨ֮ƣƻǶֻķݣݱҪ֪һҪĬȻѪӶţǺͬھ
СЩ̲סˣһʵϴ˶ˣô죬ܲɣҪǷҪһˣɣܺǰͬ뾡Ҳ׬˱
һ⻰Ҷ̲ס˺һۣ󵭵˵˭ͬҪǰ룬ñѪӶŷģңֻǳһЩѡ
Ҷô˵˶ǳĬǻҪ˵ʲôȴҶ˳ȥִȥˡΨСһᶨ֪ģҶҲǿͬˡ
һҹʱ仺ӶŵĳԱǳҹ뿪ˣټСϣֻʣ°˸ˣҶС֮⣬˶ǻеЩˣڰѶԱԺ󣬾ԶЩ˵ΪҶů࣬ͬˡ
һҹʱ䣬ըеʩֻҪܲ˵ĵطǴݻˣԭ򣬾Ϊ˲ѪӶκβص㡣
磬˾СԵһɽвʱţ˶û˵ѡ˳Ĭ
̫Ӷʱ͵˻ƻʱ̣ͬʱҶҲѪӶŵӰЩ˶ǳſͧС˹һ£İٶ˵ĴڡڿĬȻ˱ǮҪԼˡ
ϴҪÿֿ᲻ɰСԶĺӰЩǵʵҶԣһЦ˵ĬȻԸ϶ỳɣǣɰ취ġ
Ҷô˵˶ɻĿҶٺһЦ͵ǰ˺ܶף˵ĵط©ɳ棬ҲΧŵһȦϵ֮ǾͰշλһЩԻǡͽʵʵв顣ĬȻɵԸһΪڵֿ˵ŻҶ¶һ˿ĬȻҲ㣬ı켣Ҳþͻ㡣
ԼѪӶŵ˶ϵˣҶĬʱ䣬֮óһңȥ
䡭һҵıըѪӶŵ˶ʱУһ˲
ĬȻɫû뵽ԼԴַֽʽӶŲս԰ܵģû뵽Ȼ˺ǰ׼ʱ䡣
ųˣô죿ʱһСӳ˹ĬȻС˵
ĬȻһ£һмЦһ˼ǰֻɳһЩԱǰɨסⳡսĽѾעˣӶֻвʮˣԼһİˣǺߵ屶豸ȺߵȽ࣬ѵʰ˸ССӶţ
ǼǵãϴǳӶŵսԼһǳȫѹҲ⡣
ѪӶŵĶнٴڼ䣬ҶǰңİťϧΪĬȻɨˣαըûȥ̫ĳɹ
ʱ仺ţת֮䣬СʱѾȥˡĬʱ֮Ҷʹ׼õƤ
ϴǹƿҪפ˰ɡ
ԣҶ˵ͷоٶȣĬȻٹʮǾͻᵽҲΪʲôҪСͧԭΪͻ˼Ĵڡ
ȥǰЩըһҾ͹ˡԭһ£˾ͳѪӶͣλÿ˹ȥĬȻҲƹԸȫûտֻ÷Ҷж
˺ܿһҴȻʣµĴֻȫըЩ˵ĶΪʱҶһңңĶһЩǿң׵ܿ
ϴ
ҶĬ˶̲סҶﵭһЦȻһ΢Цİ˰ť
һ˲䣬Сϵȫ׶Ǳ˿ıը˷ĬȻôҲ뵽Լǧ㣬ܵҶ
𾪵ʱҲЩɻΪʲôΧбըΪʲôפȴûУҲûһˡҶﵽҪʲô
ĬȻɻ뵽Щ˼һĨ־𡣴ʱܵĴðŨ棬ʼƬɭ֡
ųǺȥˡΧȫǻ𺣣иСӳʱ־˵ڴͬʱѪӶбһɧǿյأûľĴڣҪȻԼ类ˡǿŻƣһԼҲһ
⻰ĬȻɫ¶һ˿ɱ⣬Ҿɱʱ˸˵Ѿ̡
еɱӹĬȻ붼ûֱ̧ߵԴһǹ˱ʹڿ־֮УǹһɧҸ
ڿʼûвĵص㡣к⣬һ³ĬȻĮ´ܲãǱϾһҪҵĵص㣬˵Ի
ڴͬʱҶ￴űȫΧ9ŵһ˿ãȻһΣĬȻǴ޽ҲӳҶ֮ãȻΪԼٶߣҲʲôۡΪޣһСȫ飬Ӧ
ϴ㲻ҪˣѾˡҪ˵˭˽ҶôСĪˣҶܳʱˣߵԸһʱҶеãȻ۵ףǻ᲻֪Ҷʲô
СǲˣЦһҶЩãȻʵ
Сһ仯ɵЦϴҾ֪ҪôʣȻֶЩңⲢܹ㣬Ҫ־͹ĬȻ˸
СĻҶ˵ͷȻ࣬ȴû˿ɡڿ֮£޷һһһҲΪ˸۰ɣ
Ĵ9ŵŨŨ˳źķѰӿȥˣҶ΢΢һɡֻ֪Ҫз磬ôΧȦ˾ͻᱻʴҪ˶೤ʱ䣬ǾͻᱻǺҲΪʲôûפµ׵ԭ
ĬȻɵȥҶϣǰһ̣־֮Сһ㿴ҶжĬȻĺĺܴ󡣵ȻҶһҪĬȻܰպã˵ܻšⲢҶʴȣǡǡ෴Ҫ˽ߡ
Լ˹ĬȻһ˿ңֻûбֳʱֻҵһܹ֮һαɱ٣еʧ
뵺ըĵףڵȫĬȻ֪ԼÿһҶƵĺҪ֮ǰԴҲҶַʽԸԼ
ųǰеطѱˣͲĵص㣬еĽըˣȿȡʱһСӳܹŵ˵


349 ĬȻ
ĬȻԣһ˿־塣Ҷòƽе鶼˳ǾȻԼѽըˣΪ˲Լ²֮
ţĬȻӿʼת޾֮·һбİ취϶еġһûɣ
ȥѰˮԴҪҵˮǻоȣȿȡ˵ŻĬȻ̲סʱѾΧܾˣоβҪըһܡ
ųˮԴһֻǸˮͷҪСӳǰʱ򣬾ͷһˮͷšһ£ˮʱûֿҲû̫⡣ĬȻһʣ̾뵽ˡ
һ⻰ĬȻ۾ʱһ¾˴Լȥ󻹲һ䣬Ǹطûб˷ֱֹСӳ˵ûκ˷֣ĬȻвһЩ
֮ôʣԭһڴҶʴͻȻˮ϶ܵʴ£ңֻһǾǻսûб˷ֵĻĬȻԼͿԶˣû˻ˡȫԻСӳʧȥ֮󣬾ûҪˡ
ĬȻˮͷصʱ򣬷һˣԱһѵǽСӳһĨɱֶ
顭һǹĬȻĮ֮ʣȫǰʬ壬ֱӳˮͷܹȥЩ˵ĴڼֵΪԼȡ档ΣΪԼЩ˵мֵġ
ڴͬʱڴϵİȻͣǶ˵ֻǾĿĴʱ仺ţҶǷǸҲ΢һЩЩ˾ˣûкڵıҪʱ仺һҹʱ䣬Ҷ˾ʹڴϣ˶ֻϢһȻҶȴһֱûϢֻǷһĿС
ϴ󣬻ƹҪȥˣҲ֪ûСЩ˵
ҶԣһվԼС¶һ˿΢Ц˵һҹʱ䣬ѪӶŵֻҪǴɣͱɡǸһЩ˵ˡ
һ⻰СЩˣҶеǸһȻĬȻѵŲɣⲻ֮ܰ£ô
뵽С̲ס˵ϴҿˣĬȻӿ϶ǻˣȻǻûˮֵĵزɡ
Ҷ¶һĨֵЦݣ󵭵˵֮ǰҸһҪšûʽ棬˵̫ʴˡ
һ
СЩʲô˼˵õĻյһʲô
ϴʲô鰡ôһ
ҶﵭһЦһϷʵ˵ըʩʱһطһˮͷҶ˽⣬ҪǷ⴦طһռ
С۾һҶЩˡһˮͳĴڣֻѪӶţʽҲҶĳһ˻
˵ŻͬʱҶﲢ֪ʱĬȻվˮͷԱߣʱĻὫԼ·ʪúϡֶһҹʱ䡣ڼ䣬в¶ʮ˷ĬȻķʽֻһ֣Ǿֱӿǹвھ֮УκˣֻԼţҪġ
ò˵ĬȻķʽȻ˽̣ѡȷģΪЩӶڷˮͷֱ֮ӾͿǹĬȻݣΪĬȻһǹ
ŻƱСĬȻ¶һѿЦľУԼҶҳȥһҪǧһйͷ֮ޡ
ʱĵţʱʵĶͻȻܲʱƯꡣ꣬Ҷı鲢ûʲô仯ЩڴˣﻹЩżҶôҲû˵ʲô
ϵǱ仯Ī⣬ȥҲ졣һĹٶȷ硣Ҷһ£˰Ѵֻͣڰߣٶ˵졣
ĬȻܹ֮˱÷뿪ˮͷλãЩĿĵפУһ߾ʬ岻ǵĳǰĬȻЩҲҪԼܰˮȥĻЩ˿Իһ֣Ƕˡ
ҶĬȻҪɱ㣬ѩ֮裡
ŨŨĺĬȻڲֹһսԭԺʤΪһķڱƣĹ¼ҹˡռһЩҩԺĬȻͳĵطȥһȻʧأĬȻģֻҪԼ뿪طܶɽǾҶ︴ʱ
һ·̤ŽڵأĳפؿҶҲǳص࣬ΪԼľӦڲ֮ﻨĵطȫʧȥĻ
ͣһ£ǰжǰŵҶͻȻ˵ȻһҹûۣǾǸ߶ȼеģΪ֪ĬȻǸһֻҪǻţ϶᷵صϡոһŲǰԶ̾;ȻΪǰСѵĴ谭ߣҶﻹǽ
ϴ󡭡Сɻ֮¸ͱҶֹˣڴͬʱҶóǹ̾뵽һЩʲôҲóǹ
Ҷ߾ˣĬȻȴһ֪ʱֻǿǿ·ǻ뵽ҶԼǰȻһǰߣʱֻڶǹھͳǰ
Ҷ˫ͻȻĬȻʱһҶԺжʱЩôҲ뵽һΪʲôڻǹָԼ
Ҳ˵ʲôϻ˹ĬȻҶͷ΢΢һɣ˵
ĬȻ仰жʱЩң£Լǹɾѡ׸ԶԷİ˸ǹڣҪҲûлᰡ
¶ı飬ݺݵĽǹ˦˳ȥ·þеһ㣬ήҶԹŨŨĲʡĬȻô뵽һԼ䵽³һܵľء
Ҫɱɱɣ
仰Ҷüͷ΢΢һ˵ĬȻвԱУӦ뵽˽³˰ɡ
ҶĻĬȻ¶һ󳰷вԱУ⻰ûֻںƽʹãҵĵУԼд


350 ĬȻ֮
˵Ӷŵɣ鹢ڻΪֵ𣿡
һ⻰ҶоðһŭҲǰһ˺߸
Ļ˵ΪֵĬȻɡҶЩЪ˹ĸоʱ˾һֻϵҰһ㣬Ķɱ⡣
Цֵܵû£ѣҲǸĬȻһڽ˵һ֪ԼѾܻ뿪ˣҲʲô
Ļ˵ݡһ⻰Ҷеŭӵеǹ˳ȥʼݺݵĬȻȭͷĬȻϣʼնûзʲôóʱҶĹͣ
ʱĬȻѾҶȭͷɥʧû״ٻŭԷйҶı黺ƽ
ϴѾˡСĵĲ̽һ£ĬȻĲˣæ˵
Ҷ˵ͷҲ˵ʲôɨһΧĻźȥ޳̫ʱ䣬˶ƣһҶﲢûһĸоƺ֮û̫ĸп
һº󣬻GеķɻϣһܲɻһīһƽˡһκĵĿоࡣһǰʧھźŵҶС
ڽĬȻ֮ҶӦûˡȻźŵֵ˾֪ҶҲ鷳֮Сع֯FBIֱ㹻֤ץҶΪҶΪѾ˷ΪȫʿȻŹҶ
黹ǺֵܼģǵҶóƽ¡ʱЩ˾εķŹͬʱһжΪ˾ǲֲĬȻ
֮Ҷ͸Ӷһפأ֪ٺһ֮ѡ˻عѪӶȻźܶ˵ĴڣħҲͺҶﲻʲôϸˣҶҲ˷ʱ䡣
ϴ󣬻ǹںðҾˣԺҾͲȥˣȵڹˡСһп˵̫֮оˣҪܱƽһ㣬˵õϢˡ
ˣҿǼǵ˵ڹ⿴һŮôôʱ䶼ûмСӲƭҵİɣҶ￴һһۣ漴뵽С˵Ļ̲סɻʵ
һ⻰СٺһЦȻһε˵ǾͲˣ£ײװȻô˵ţСɲô롣˵ǻ˼ͨҶĿڸú߷ͷΪʱСյ⣬ڸܵѪӶŵǿ֮󣬵֮£ͲΪԼ˷ʱˡ
ⷴӦҶҲʣֱŻȥԤõľƵ֮󣬾ЪϢڶһٴϷɻС
Ѿ·ˣѾʼůˣʱĺٻվڰ칫ҵĴǰεǳڽ糿ʧõǣٴĿֻһúٻѡƱȨԼ
Ϊ֪Լĸĳ˸ˣԺٻûһɫֱӾ;ܾˡ
ΪҶĶεѡԸԳĵõλáΪܸõλã顣ȻɵĿĲѡƱֻһӶѡ
׻˵޶ɷҺͺѾԹΪ󻼣ѡ˶Ժٻֻ֣кԶʧˣܰϾԽֵ֣ҪǴȥˣӰɲС
뵽뿪ǵ񣬺ٻЩУвмɱ⣬Թٻ֪ΪʲôԼšҶǼһҪˣǿЩο
ٻٻϰʲôʱ򵽣ȥɡһԵ֮£̲ס˵仰һ粻֪˵˶ٱˡԴˣٻǺ
㲻Ǹ˭СŮӼҪ֣ɲСٻһЦ޵٩˵
һ⻰ɫ΢΢һ죬ͲӵߵٻߣʼӺߵĸ֫ѡһʱ֮䣬ŮЦڰ칫д֮ͣ
ͣͣͣҴˣˣҿܲˡ۸ĺٻʱˡ˵ͣ
㻹Цң´ξͲôˣߣСʹŬŬһв˵
ٻ֪ԼʱӲʱֻһЦȴǣ͵ŰɣҶˣֻҪ۸ңҾСʱ򿴿˭ۡţٻʱ
ֹ˾ҪҪȥҶˣһ¾ȥһϲʱ򣬽лһڿǵ飬ǾǸոջõơӦҶûзڣܿͱ˹ļҲص˽Сʱܵ͵ûϵκˣл涼֪顣
ӦӦȥأŮһ˼УԴӺҶ﷢ϵֹϵԸʧˣһ㣬Ҷʱֵĸԡ
ɻĽڻϣҶĺһ⿪ȫλվе鶼ȥˣԼˣһλӦûúǰ˰ɡ
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353 ǿа
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ԣҶϵĲмźһŭı飬Ҷûɵĸоһ
ҪôҲûд˵Ѿ˵꣬ҪʶĻ͸Ͻɣʡڸı⡣
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ԣҶһ⣬Ҫע⵽Ŀ⣬϶ڸղǷ

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ʱ仺ţֱӵӳʱСĿʵҶҪ˵ܷŹ𣿡
ԣҶüë΢΢һһ˵ҪĻش㹻⣬Ҳһ·
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ܻģҶֻԼ˶ԷĵϣǽעȫԼϣҲһ̶ϱ֤ٻİΣ
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ȻҪ棬ǾĴһ㣡
Ҷ¶һ˿аЦһɲͣ·ߡƺû뵽ҶԶʻµ϶ʱŻٶȡʱҲͣʱ˫ľֻвһס
ͨӾҶ﷢һһīУݣȫʲôսӡһҶ΢΢üͷɲΪһԼΪͲš˲ò࣬˸һ˿ԼҪûˢǾˡ
ī뱣ʱԽԽھ복λʮײĵطͣҶһҲ룬ֱӴ򿪳ȥ
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ԣҶȻҲ𻰣ֱӳīȥҶǰīһңֻΪī赲Ҷﲢûзֶѡ
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ҶֱɵĴīɫʱЩİڰһ֮֮ϣ衣Ȼ뵽Լֻܰŭ
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ԣīе˫̲סǰһٶΪõһԱеķŭ֪
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356 ŶֶȦ
ҪҪȴ̽һ£ҪҶʲôıĻǾͲðˡʱһʦüͷ˵Ȼڶ࣬ʵǿΪ˽˳޶ʧ˰ɵʵԸġԣʹ֪ɻԼĻҲò˵ְڡ
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357 ׹뷴
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ԣʦһ˿ΣСĴҲ˵׵ӣнٶȺҪƵҶ棬ƻҪʱ䡣
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358 
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359 ̩ѡ
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̩պϵķţЦһתȥԭûʲôⲻ˵ĳԹһ̣ЩԼĿˡ

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Ҷ磬ôˣҪˣ峿һţҶͬģһ΢Цĳк
Ҷ΢΢һЦ˵Ͽãٺòˡ
Ҷô˵Ҳǵ˵ͷеĿĿ˺ܶࡣ
Ҷôõģȥģ˷ˡҲˣ̲ס٩һ
ҶٺһЦ˵Ϊ˽ʲôģصĻ˰ɡҪȥȦˣҪҪһ𣿡
ԣȤ˵ͷ˵ĺðһ𡣡
˵ŻͲܳţôг˵ıӰ̲ס̾˿
ʱĽӴҶΪҲ˽һЩΪ˴ºܲ˵壬ǸܲСˡҶԺĽ顣ϧ뷨Ȼˣÿһ뵽ҶźܶңͲٶˡ
뷨ҶȻǲ֪һ·ܳ⣬˼˶ЦĴкôһЦ
ǰ׵˸Ůˣôô䡣
ǰȻС֣ǿҲʲôˣҪܺĽ飬ҲǺܲˡ

ԽԽСҶԴΣĿûֻ̬ɫЩ糺Щ˼Ҷ˵ˡһΪʲô޶أѵҲ뷨
ЩɻҶ治ɫΪһŮӣȻ˼⡣
ʱ仺ţܿ͵˾·ݣʱҶȫָ˹ʧȥ䣬Ķָǰ״̬һ峿Ҷ䣬һ߳š
ĿѧӣƱǽģҶҲȥҹϾҰ׳԰׺ôʱҲЩ˼ˡҲ˳ţȥѧ
ĵѧУھɫĺǣƽʱĽУǰ˵һҶҲѡҹչģľ֮
Ҷ磬ںʲôϣ֮£Ҷʵ
ҶЦһ˵Ҳ֪ʲôҶһƬհף֤ҲûУ֪ܲҵء˵ŻҶЩįȻڵܸܲоԼƺʲôȥϧ벻ˡ
Ҷ磬㲻õģһݹӦú׵ģⲻУѸңһԵġ΢΢һЦο
ԣҶ΢΢һůĵҲºࡣ
ԺѾˣ˸ط˵㷹֮˾˻𳵡ڳһУҶоϤϧطȫûм䡣
𳵵ĵȻײԽԽƵҶλϣŴʧһУЩʱ֪Լһ뿪ζʲô
Զڽٻܲð칫ҵĺٻվڴǰ⳵ˮȫûбӡâãȻϸĿ鲼˺ۡ
ʱˣĻ𣿺ٻԼȴθԼԸĴ𰸡Ҫţ϶ѰԼôʱȥˣûеõκϢ
ҶԺ󣬺ٻһڴ˰²´µʱ䣬ٻǱ˴ǰһɫĮûκα飬Цʲôоˡ
Сںٻָ󣬾뿪˻ģͺٻ飬ŸҪҪǾӶţһ֧ͨ
̩ԴǴ֮Ҳûгںٻǰһ֮ڻص֮ܲ󣬾һ£ûҹٻ鷳
ʱµĹ켣вϵʧһƺ䶨յ㣬γΪµأԵû˿Բ²ʲôӡ


362 ڵҶ
峿ִﺼǣΪ̣һϵϢǺܺõġ
ǰֵȺҶ̲סüͷԴԺڰĻдţͻȻӵĻЩӦ
Ҷ磬ôˣ²ΧĿҶ飬æʵ
Ҷ΢΢һЦҡҡͷ˵û£ֻһʱ䲻̫ӦֻģȥѧУɡ
Ҷô˵ȻǸˣæӦҶ˧ԼߣӣֵܵһЩڨߡĳˣڨ顣ȻųЩ̸иҲǺܲġ
ҶȻ֪뷨ߴӦˣһЦȻʧȥ˼䣬ⲢʡҶľ֮һֱΪһЩܼ飬ҲܾߣദҲѺߵԼá
Ȼѧ꣬ȥѧУ·Ļҵõģʱ˾ڵĿƼѧѧУҶı󣬺߾ŶȥˣҶһ¥µȺ
һȥģϧҶûͬ⡣ʲôЦԼһүǽŮʲô£Ҫǿ˲ÿģǶΡ
ѧ֮ԶȱŮĴڣҲԵĵط֮һ·ݵǺȵģ·ϵŮòһ졣˵ĹҶ·Ů˲ٵŮ
ʲôأûŮ
ѧǸõӣһѧУϧúõ飬ӲǱǰƻˡΪУ֮һƽ·Ϻܶ˶Ƕһ㣬ϰˡǽоЩˣ㿴Ϳɣϻ治һĶġ
ԣŮҶʱסˣǰһŮʱЩˡ

ڱܣҶæһ䣬ɧöǰͷڳһΪܿ
ˣһһ˵һ䣬ֱӺĳˣС鲽¥ȥ
ҶһΣ漴Щⶼʲôˣϧ⸱࣬ͽһǸţһӶ޲ȥ
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ģ˰ɰˡһᣬӰոЩʱɢˡⲻԼûĹ
ԣæתȥ漴һЦֱܹȥס
СþòˣҲ㡣
仰ϵЦݸʼİľ˶ʱһĲҪֱ¥ڵԼҶ
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ˣ¥»˵أôʱˣɣ
ԣ˶ЩɻĿģѾͷʲôʱôСˣҪ֪֮оľˡֱ֣ѵǣ
ģò˰ɣ㼱ģʵȻٺٺ١˵ŻЩĿģƺòĴ𰸾Ҫʲô
İһ˵Сʲôأֻһѡ˵ŻɫЩ΢ûбע⵽
ô˵Բţ׷ױû취֮£ֻܱһλѻӦ˹ȥһ¾Ҫνĸ磬ֻͬˡ
ʱҶѾЩˣ˵Ůˆ£һᵽˡǷŸõСʱʱҪ·ߵŮͣҪˡ
ʱ¥ſһֲ߳ĸŮ˸ɫˣ޸߹Ψһͬľǰ׻Ĵȣ޳û׸⣬ְ֮ҵģҲѷɫ
Ҷ߽ƣһ£Ϊĸ֮УĵĴڡĿҶ񿴹æ˼ͷƾֵƤζҶЩ޵ĸо
ףԣôһǲʶɣʱҶͻȻǰǸŮжʱЩɻ
Ĵ߹ܿҶǰʱɫҲЩ仯ˣⲻǸոǸ˵ĸ粻һɣ
Ҷ磬Ⱦ˰ɣҸոպʱ䡣һЦЩ˼Ľ͵
ҶԣҪ˵͵ؾһâԼĿ⿴ȥҶ﷢ĿŵġдŨŨвζ˼ȷˡ
СѾͷȻвңҶһˬмĿһۡ
ʱҲû£ܸһУ԰ĻҶﵭһЦ˵
Ҷô˵Щ֮Աˡ˵ұһһ˫һα
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ݵĽҶͺһȥԷ·ϣĳŮע⣬͵͵ĸҶһЩǮĶҶ΢΢һ㶡
ҶɻĿ⣬ѹ˵Ҷ磬һǮѰɣʣµá
⻰ҶůࡣһֺӵҲ⡣ĸŮȥԷҪŮǮ϶Ǽѿ顣ô϶Ϊ˱סԼӡ
ԴҶºһЦҲûƴǡϲûʲôǮȷʵҪһάϵճĿ֧ͬʱҶҲ¶ģһҪ취Ǯ顣
緹ŮЦУĽˣΨһҶεľǡѾͷʼնûۿʱһĺޣûб˲
˳ԵĲˣҶæߵ̨ȥˡֻЩεǣ˽ˡҶϸһ£֪ɣΪԷ֮䣬ֻȥ
ҶüĿжʱһϷҪûв´Ļһ϶ǸǮȥ˰ɣıӦǺѿɡ
ߣп϶ʲôֶԵģԼһҪߡŵʱϸҶ￴˺һϧЩʧǣҶʼûбֳһ쳣
ѵһѹûȥ
һͷðܿȷֲ룬ݺݵıҶ
ӲҶ˸˵ҪȥҹȥˡȻܲᣬߣҲ˼˵ֻ̫࣬ҶȥˡǰҶֻ룬ԱϵԼ
뿪ƼѧҶЩĿĵڽϻεһȥɫʱЩΪû֤ܶ๤ˣ˼һûֱ֤Ӿû̸ȥ˼ҶΡ
ʱЩǶƸвԸ޾֮·еطҪԼ
͵͵ٿǮ֮࣬ȻЩǮ֧ŶãһڹҶѾʣ޼ڼ䣬߱еĴСϧûʲôջ
һСĹ㳡ҹʱ֣ҶЩƣҹҹΪڶ˺еһԱһ·ڣȴǷ˺ݣû˶Ա
ȥģеֱӷͷֻǸѧ˵ҪǣǷҵѾˣ˼٣鷳ߡ


363 ճӵ
·ݵҹ¶Ȼǲģڹ㳡еĳϣԶȺҶ̲ס¶һ˿ЦȻѾԼ뵽ˡ
峿ҶɫѾЩĲЦһվһ塣糿Ƕʱ̣㳡ĿյѾһЩˡ
ʱҶĿⱻһ˹ȥһѮߣŰɫֱڿյصһǡ֮΢̧бС벽ڴͬʱĿʼ½˫ۻ̧ڳһҶҲܾϤɻ֮£ɵߡ
ǰԶʱѾµĶҶﾲվԽԽΪԺƬĵطƺЩϤ
˵Ķʱʱ˷·ںϵһ⾳УÿԵúȻһ˿ͻأĸо
ˣҲ̫𣿡ճӴһ̫תͷҶʵ̫ԵĶһЩȤҶˣճӵû
ԣҶЦһҡҡͷ
ֻǾⶫϤѣֶǲ𣬸˵ˡ
ҶﷴӦճӵһЦ漴ת̫Ϊһ˼ˣڿԼˡ
˼ңܺѧϰ̫𣿡
ճӸոմʽԣ΢΢һ٣ЩĿҶǸֵСһȻᣬΪʲôѧءڵĶȫǿģֻ̫һЩͷ̫̫רǰ˾ȻȤ
ɻı飬ҶЩյ˵Һǰʧˣһ㶼벻ˡ֪ΪʲôҶﲢûжԸռʲôֱ˵Щ̬仯иϣԼĹȥɡ
ԣճһ£Ҷ￴峺ˮճӴпһ˿ϣĹâ
˲ûѰɡճа˵ϲͺһѧɣڶֶȤ˿ǲ˰
˵ŻճɫͻָƽҶһæעźߵĶʱ䲻ճӴ򵽵ڶʱҶںĶȭˡΨһͬľǣҶĽƺһ㣬ǿȥǸѧߡ
ճӵڶ֮󣬾Щͣ˶ȻºͣȥǺ۵ġʱɵĿҶһжʱһ
ǰƺȫУԲڣʱʱɢһ
ճ𾪵ͬʱҲʼҶǰĻˣ߶ʱھһ𾪲νҪ֪Լʮ꣬Ҳ㡣
һ飬Ҷ˶Щ˼ĿճЦЦ
˼ңҴĲã벻ҪЦ
ճ¶һ˿ºͣ󻺻ҡҡͷ˵ˣ̫ԱˣñǿЩǰĻˡͷգӣҪǲĻΡ
Ҷԣɫһ£æ˵ǫˣСҶܺҵĸҶӦԺûпζ棬һճӶ࿴һۡ
໥֮˾ܿʹЦ̸ճӵҪ£ҶĳճΪϸ磬ƺΪҶϵܡʱ仺ȥʱճӾ˸𣬲Լһ
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ʱֻʣ²һԪˣҪҲɾҪͷˡ糿ƺûдһʱȻǺջģЩ
һٶڹ㳡Ϣڶ˯ʵʱˡ
Ҷϵܣô˯ճЩʵճӽһ㣬԰ȵʱ򣬾ͷ˯еҶ̲ס˺ʵ
Ҷ˯ۣƬ̺ŻճӣʱЩ˼
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ʱֶòҪ棬ȻͻζˡճӣҶĸ뱣ֹϵ̸̸ֻ̫
ҶĻճһʣļʶһ۾ܿҶ˵ǼٻҲûֱӵơ
ҶϵܣھʹȦɡ˵ŻճӾſյȥҶԣһЦæϡ
ĿյأҲԣֱӿʼһСʱ󣬲ЩͣҶЩǣճƺ£һֱĲɵӡԴˣҶҲûϸʡ
Ҷϵܣ͵ɣûȤһԸͣбķ£һûԶءճӿҶ΢Ц˵Ҷԣһ˿ɫ˵ͷ
ѹͷĲɵģ糿ûԶ
˵Ż˾˹㳡̯Щʳ̸ΧƵĻ̫֮ģ֪˲űտڳ
֮ҶվˣճӶԴ˵һЦҲû˵ʲôֻһ˼ĿҶ
̶ദʱ䣬ճҲ˽һЩߣʱѾҶʧĻ쿴ҶһֱôҶһ֪ףҶԸϲճӺܿء
ҶϵܣûȤȥҼҼϺһ˺Ȳû˼ҪûµĻСһҶճӵһЦ˵
ҶԣҲûж룬˼Ƭ̾ʹӦ
˽鲻úճӵסҶеǣճӾȻסһߵ棬˲ò仰һ㶼ûдճӴż򵥣Ҳûʲôӣӱ滹濴ǸǮˡ
ҶķӦճֻһЦʹ򿪷ţѺ˽ȥװιӴ󷽣ֹɫζ档Ҷ⵽ɳ֮ճӾæʱʹ鷿óһײײʯ죬豭롢յ̵þһӦȫҶȻ̫˽ⶫ֪һ߿¾вСļֵ
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ճӵĽܣҶȤҲʱճӾݺ˲裬ɳϺҶʱճ˵Ҷﳤ˲ټʶ
Ҷϵܣ֪ڴʲôͦеӡճӺŲ裬ͻȻʵ
Ҷԣһ£Ц˵Ϊʧԭҵ֤Ҳˣʱûйңٹҵ˰ɡ
⻰ճһ˿Ȼ֯һ˵ҿ㻹ǺģͲ֪ʲôҵҿ԰㡣
һ⻰Ҷɫһ£Լ糿¶ԼȲǼ٣ճҪĿİţҶﲻЩĬ֪˵ˣΪ˵ճӿ϶ġҶﱾǲԸ鷳ߵģֹϵܲ
ҶﷴӦճӵһЦ˵˵ֱ̫ˣҶϵܣҪѣҾͷӿƷҺϲܰһЩѣҺ⡣


364 
ԣҶЦһѡʲôճӽһԼڵ뷨һ£Ҷ˲̫壬ҪȻԵ̫ڽˡ
ҶĽܣճ̲סüͷʧ֮󣬿˵ټû֤ڵµĻҸȴǺѡ
˼˺ܾ֮ճ͵һһ뷨һѧְУȫҶıһݲƾҶƷҲҶֳʲô
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ϸ磬ĺˣͲ鷳㣬ϾûʲôѧҲû֤Ҫȥʦ϶鷳
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ϣСѾͷɣ
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Ҷɫһڣ̲ס鴤ⶼʲôˣѵͲеͬ𣿲ɮ濴氡ô˧ˣôء
Ҷ̲ס۹ͬʱһ˫ֿʼѰµĿꡣʱѰҵĿ꣬ϧҶЩǣһεĶƺӻ𱬣ֱһģ
Žֵ׵ͷҶﲻϵĳԱŸ̲סѵ֮Ͳܺгദ
Ҷﲢ֪ķΪķʽڨһҪ绰ֶΣŮֻҪǻգ˵ġ
ʱӭһӰҶ۾ʱΣŵĲƷ
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Ǹͬѧĵģûֻܲܽһµ绰ҶɸһЦ˵
ԣһ˿ɽ׸ıƣСƭĵ绰룬㵱ɵҽ첻㡣
Ǹ˼ֻҲûдӦᣬһȥ˰˵һ˵Żһ˿ҲҶ˵Ļᣬֱת¥ȥ
Ȼ鲻ôĻҶ汾ЩмģϧһĲֻһһߴӰóֻȻ󲦴绰
ʲô˵Ǵֻõʲôһ̣Ҷʱһֻձڶ˶ˡ
вŮҪƽϣҪƽϡ
Ĭ˺ܶ䣬Ҷƽô˵ܰĺͺˣҲǰԼæ
ϧҶվǰŮ˵̫ˣ֪ʱȻصᣬǲûҶ¥µ顣
ˣһ׳մڨ˵Ǵ绰ˣҪһҵĵ绰
ߺߵӣ˶ʱЦҲȻᵽߵ顣
Сûн˼Ұһʵ
ԣ˸ۣȻһζ˵ôܣԸˣֵôԸġ
⻰ŮȤæҲֱ˵ҸҵֻҲǴˣȻ󣬹Ȼҵóֻװ绰ҹư϶ˡ
һ⻰˶ʱЦֱ˶ʱЦ
ʱҶﲢ֪Щҵ֮£ûĳ֣ɫԽԽѾ뵽ˣԼѾͷһ
СѾͷлᣬһݺݵʰ㣬㳢вˬ֮£Ҷݺݵ뵽


365 ô
ҶֵһĻûֻһƵĻص˽ʦᣬķԼϲõģϧм⵵飬Ҳֻա
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366 У԰彣
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׻˵˵˻˵ںߵ飬ҶܿˣȻֵڡȻʽֻǸΣУ԰滹ŲСȨģܺܺ߸ùϵҶöԼûʲô
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֪ĴţҶ˿ô˵Ľܱļǿˡƾ׵ôͷòһܲ顣
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أŮǸģôûʲһĺðһŮһɻʵ
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ʦҲҶаЦطȻΪֳҲܸһЩȤһҶﲻЩڴԺˡ
ѧ֮ҶԹ֮󣬾ܾطɵ˳ȥ룬ٴĵ¥£һܿѩѩѾͷ촩׻ɫȹҶһʱһ
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ĵģܲܰҰ˵ŻҶ΢΢һЦԼĺһ㡣
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ѩѩЦһһӵĵ˶һУ컬ࡣҴӦˣһ°ҰĽ˵Żѩѩͳȥ
Ҷ￴ıӰһЦӵĵĵ


367 ѧв
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Ҷ磬ʱ䳤˰ɣһЦ˵
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Ҷһһ˵ȻԺҼǵòЩô˵Ҳʦ
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ҶЩ˼ţϧվûн飬֪ԺԼûлǰ飬жǰڴ
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Ҷлûеô˵ڶԷѧԼʦֻҪ˶ԼӰ϶á
ӺߵֱƬУҶһЩ飬۵һЩɩӣָҶܶϢԼƼѧҲʱ䣬ڼ˺нӴʣµòƾֻˡҶ֪Щ˺ܿģҲⲢı⣬ǺȴŹϵ
ţҶЩƵվڴǰ֮̾˿εֻȥˣǱ
ʱһ۾磬ϿʱҶһɫվϿελãʮѧЦ֣Щ
ѧǽ˵ĵطĻĴڣӦ֪ˣԼʡȻǰЩϣûпһ㣬ĶɣɢĿ޼ɡ
ҪǴһֱ˵ȥĻôĿΣͲˡ˿ɫʣĴЦȺ֮һϣɵĿǰҶ
վ΢΢Цţһŭֱ뵽һЦ滢


368 ȫҶ
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ѡ޿ΣһѧֻʮڣϣҶңԴҪǱֵĲĩʱǲѧֵģһǷġҽ֮Ҷ뿪Ц˵һЦûġ
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ʽѧҪ£Ҷｫ24ʽ̫ȭĴһ飬ʱʱˮ಻۾Щ
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ҶȻ֪ʲôһЪϢ
ѧ֮طɵ˵£òһȥһҷԺһ٣ȥKTV־ۻǲμӵģһɬҲϲֵĵطҪطһĥӲݵģ;ܾˡ
Ҷ֣㲻ǲᳪɣôǳҲ裿ճһ׸裬ҦԶһ˼Ҷ̲ס˵
ԣҶﵭһЦȫǺܻᳪ裬ǳɣžˡȻô˵Ҷȴһζȫʵǲᳪ裬ʧ֮ʲôǵˣ˵ˡ
Ҷ֣ܲ⻰һƴǣУҵø㼸ף˵ʲôҲҪһչ˵ŻҦԶվŵط߹ȥ
ҲҪЦһЩȴǲǵʲôʣˡ
ܿ죬о˻֣ҶһһͿЦһӹطɵݹĻͲ
ǵǰĴ죬ʱһûȥϤĸҶ촽΢΢һһбˡ
Ҷ֣쳪㲻׸趼ɣҶտڲطЩŵĴߴٵ
ԴҶﲢûʲôӦֻĿĻϵĸʡЩϤĸоľ׸質ָоԽԽ
طһ߶ʱϣʼٸҦԶʹ˸ɫʾи衣ѾҶﲻᳪˣΪ˱ѿֻô
ʱͻȻ۾Ҷ·һ
ЩɣҶĿлƳѰζ
ǵЩįĴ죬ʱһû룬û˽ҲûڼֻطɣҲ۾һﲻǲᳪôô
ʱط͵͵ĹصԭҶƺһ˶·˸У˵ĲɵĶһۣг죬
һˣҶŷ֣һӣɵһЦ˼ˡ
Ҷ֣ȫطɳĬһ£һ˵ʲôװưطˣһô˼˵ȫԼԺô˼ڳ衣
ҶɸһЦЩ˼ĸɿ˼Ȼȫ˵֮ʣ֮ǰȴǲ֪ôֱֵĴ£ų˳طôʣҲ֪ô˵ܲ˵Լʧ˰ɡ
Ҳǹģҡ˵һ룬طͻȻ˵С̫װˣҲ±һ⻰ͬĵ˵ͷ
Ҷɫһ죬Щ˵һֱҪ£Ҷﲻòͷٴ˻ͲĻҦԶһܽ׵ĻҶǰʱһΣһҲûͣ٣˳˲ŷŹ
֪ɫѾˣ˳KTVͷֵ𣬸ظԵļˣҶһ·֮ϣһƬţ˼⡣
жڻָĿˣΪֻžԼǸˣڣֻһ롣
ɫҹЩףһ˵·ǰ쵽УſڵʱҶͻȻͣ˽ŲΪǰ߹һȺˣһǽ촳칫ҵǸѧ
ʱ§һνСʱֵŮѧһţһߺߵ˵Цĳһ̣ҲǿҶһһҶ
ߺⲻҶʦôϵĻѵǼįˣӣСɫһ󼥷֮ͽҶൽ˰һ࣬ڿҶȻ٩һڸǰ԰һ£˻ԡ
ҶЩЦĿ˺һۣЩȻѧǺϵåҲûʲôΪֹȫûѧӡ
Ҷе񣬺СЦһſеˣһڽҶ


369 Ұ
СߵҶǰһĿҶҶļģ˵ҶʦѧУ治ȫǲҪһ˵һ첻СıƹǸöô簡
ôǳв
ԣСߵѶʱЦǽͺСһ𴳽칫вҶǼѧЦķǳ޼ɵ
ЩһСûٰʦܹһǽ̫ȭʦǰָʹװһ±ƸȻԼըˡ
״Ҷȴǵ˵СͬѧʦҪò費û̹ɣû̹㣬ҿΪ㲹һڹʦصĿγ̡
Ȼ㲻ôøмҡҶֱ˺СμҪŤӣ˵ѧʦӦı֡
Сηζ챻ըˡԭΪҶһǳ˰ˣ֪һﵹӲĺš
ȻúСɫ˲ȥǣҶĨǵԼû֪ʦصңôǵôͬѧѵ˵ġ
СֻоӻģƱҶﵱһ㡣
ӹҲס
ͺСһҶ칫ҵǼͬѧҲһԾĿҶȻ͸оޱȵķŭ
ССϴϴܵ裬ЩֵȻҪͬ顣
θ磬һԼţͬѧվ˳׺ݺݵ˵
Сһݣ˵ҶʦѾ㣬ѧУ治ȫû뵽ȻûȥҲãԸѧУôһȫ˵꣬СκȻһȭҶ°׺ݵȥ
ҶһЦ֣̽Ѹ׵ץסСε֣ȻطתСͷֲĲҽţҶһ粽ϥǺԥײںСεĸ档
˵ʦѧһڸ飬ҶɲںЩѧ㲻ͻԼӣĿˣը졣
ҶȻûоȫһײҲúС席඼·λһ㡣
Ҷҽ£СѾײģźȥһƨڵϡ
СЩ׼ΧŹҶĺһĿǰƣͱܵĶסǰĲ
Щһ͸ŴЩݿһ㣬˳սƴǰ壬һӢ¸һܵǱ˪˵ӡ
ҶȻСܵĿźСεЩѣ˵ǲҶָָ϶ͷڳ亹ĺСΣ𣿡
ԣСεЩһǼţ܌ŵʦǿԷľûмҶ־ͲûһֽдţӾôбҰ
ͺСһȥҶ칫ңҶ鷳ļͬѧŴͣܲ˼ĿҶһһʱת
ôоһڵıֺı˰
ԵģǶŸһƨڵϵĺСæ
꣬ζǶѼˡ
Ҷ赭дľһ٣С϶ȥٳˡǴʱԼֵܵѣɵһûжúСθǺ޲óȥһһơһɵ
һˣһȺˣ㳵սҲܰ
СκȳһЩţͬѧ׳ֱӳ˹ȥһȭҶԴһǿƼѧȭһѧԱҲǴСѧϰȭˡټƣ׳һֱֺܴ͡
ҶųһĨЦ⣬ȻһΣһȥһҹȭݺݵ׳°ϣֱӽ׳һȭԴҶ˿ûп˼ҹȭ΢΢͵ײ
̩ȭ漫Ϊ׺ݵ⡣Ҷﲻ֪ΪʲôԼȻôʩչ
ȻһǳĿֲ䣬˵׳ֻһͨѧһĹӶҲסҶ⡣ҶסȣֻһңȻֻһҲ׳ƺһ۷ڵʹȥ
һ棬Сͬѧܴ׳ͬѧͱҶһ֮䣬ʹˤڵϣסؿ߹ǣҽг
׼һӵϣҶ֪ǡֵܻᡱǼͬѧͶס˲һ𾪺ʹηĿҶ׳˼һ֮Уǳȥ쳤˼ҡž
Сڣ˲ѻȸˡ
׳˼Ҷ֣͸Ҫ˵ˡȥҲǰķݰ
һ£СǶͬ˵Ĺһ㣬ͷɥҲû˸ղŵŰ衣
ʱҶЦеĿźС˵Сͬѧ㲻Ļվԡ
Сεɫȥ̫ˡ
ͬѧҲ΢΢鴤׳仰ôô찡
Ŷˡ꣬ӲǾԱ˵㵹ôҰ
ݣû뵽Ҳôһ
СȻֲɵӡǶ򲻹㣬֣㵱Ƕ尡
ҶɨһۣЦе˵ȻǷˣҾȻѧУˡȻǸоԼдߵĻӭʱңҴطˣҲҴˣӽҶ˵꣬Ҷ뿪ˣºСһȺڷҡ
׳硣ʱһС۾æ׳
׳˦С۾е֣ԺС˵θ磬ô죿
ʵ˵׳ҶһַԱܵη塣ղֻǺҶһ֣֪Ҷһǳĸ֡
ô죿Сû˵Ȼǻȥȱ
ԭҶ̫ȭʦԼֵѣǰװװƵģû뵽ĽȴԼȥöԷġž졣
һ뵽Сξ;ؿڷ·ͱһӣ۵ĵѪ
ȥϴ󣿡׳۾һæ˵
Сֱһ׳ƨϣû˵׳ӽˮ˰С¶첻ãҪϴԳϴôǣ
ǣǣ׳æ˵θ磬ô죿
Ӷ̫ˣ׳оԼǼŮͬѧԼ񶼲ˡ
СתתȻǻһĨ֮ɫ˵а취ˡ
ʲô취
С֣ʾ߽һ㡣
ԣСεǼͰѶ˹ȥ
СԼļƻ˵һ飬ʱͷάһ䣺ߣθķӸ
صѧУᣬһҶﵹͷ˯ʱ䣬ҶνǷ¶ޣӹüΪơ֪ΪʲôҶûִ̫·ԼѾϰʽһ㡣
ǰҹҶ˯üΪ𣬺ҹҶȴȻ侪ˡ
جΣ֮ǰµجΡ


370 ս
ҹҶﶼûκε˯⣬ԴһƬ硣˼һϣԼ˭ϧȴ˿ûκεĽ
ֻ˯ǰҹҹʧ״̬Ҷɾȡ
ԹԺҶʣµǮЦҡҡͷոհûãҶȥһЩƷֻҶЩǣƼѧСеĶʵ˰
һЩرƷϾʣ°ٰѿǮˡԼǸոν̣ʻ֪ʲô²ܹ
ȻûǮˣҶҲԲȥĵġΪҶļ
ϰ趼ʵͽũһ굽ͷǼأĵѧѶǶյġҲǳýѧŲûǮѧ
һǮѵӢۺú
ҶЦҡҡͷȻȥ˰칫ҡո߽칫ңҶͿγҦԶȻһԣʵʵϡ
ҶȻһַǳŹֵĸоγҦԶ˽⣬ǲֵңòƳγп֮⣬˶ûΰɡ
ûЩһôܵ칫
Ҷﶼš
ҶƵطɵɫȻޱȵ˫Ŀ˸ŭ֮ɫ
ǶôˣһɥӣҶԼӣ
ҲһÿΣԲôġ
طɱвˡȻ˵
ʱҦԶҲ˵طʦ̫үˣ˾طɣ˵طԺʦ̫Զһ㡣طͼӽʦ̫´ξԲġ
Ҷﲻӣһʦ̫ˣôֳһү
طҲûзĬˡ
ʱҶȻʵү˭ȡôһţƺţүӦú܌Űɡ
Ц˵Ҳ֪ү˭ϴǸʦ׷ʦ̫򣬾˵ǳԶүֱʡңطɻͶүȥ˶֡˵ֲطɶǿһƽ֡Ҳ¶үǿطֲԲû̫ΪطɾԲôĻ
Ҷﲻ֪˵ʲôˡطһȻһף裬Ǹɢȥû뵽һﵹãֱȥҶٻˡ
ʱγȻ˵طɣ˵үǺǵһԣԼöٻΪòҪӣճ
γ˵ĺܺҲί񡣿طҲһˡԣһ˵׷ٻүʲôϵǸɼ˭˭
һԵγҦԶĬˡʱҶȻЦЦ˵طɣʦ̫Ҳе˼ϰɡһжǾϣҶ֧㡣
ԣطһһȭݺݵҶļϣЩҶ仰㹻ˡطɻ治ǱŴġҪҵ鷳Ǿɡ
ҶȻЦ֪ΪʲôʱкȻӿֳһɼΪĸоֲһУѪڵҪġҲһֱ궯Ҫء
ȻҲ˵طɣҶ˵ûʹ󵨵ȥʦ̫ɡܹһѹ£ÿμľ
Ҷ˵ûҦԶҲ˵үĶ㶯֣ǾԻֶ֧Կү
γҲصĵ˵ͷü֮ȴӹһ˿γǺǱˣȻ֪үĿֲ֮Ժŵ˵үҪطɵڶҽԺطɾ;Բôڰ칫
ȻҶҦԶԼ֧طɣγҲԲẬϾǶᣬеѪûбĸַĥ
áγҦԶҶĴֺ֧͹裬طƽ˰ٱ˵λֵܣ뾡ܷģʦ̫ͽˡһṼλսʦ̫ѹ£ͣġ
ԣҶǹЦ
һҶ֪ʦ̫ٻһţƺĴ硣ҲǷǳɫġ˵ĳѧ˶ʿ
òڣ׿ԽһŷɥĴ磬үټԼͥҲǳ׷ٻ˿˵ܹųһǿˡ
ϧүԼ˼㡣һ׷ٻ˳ܹȹүһأ򣬼ûκοԡ
ˣҶ֪֪ʱ䣬һŮӱĴѧתѧǿƼѧʱǿƼѧͲֻ13281Ůˡ13282طЦ˵
ԲۣҶһĺߡ꣬治֪طôͳƳƼѧһ13281Ůġ
룬ҶҲȻˡѹСӵսѶȣҪ׷ʦ̫ٻ
طɣûУŮʲô֣ʲôȻǰһЦݣУûи㵽Ƭóǳ򡣡
ҶԼһΰ󣬹ٵ̫ȭʦĻԻΪԼߴ˵ط
ԲۣΪʦֱһȺǡңרŶһȺСǡ
ط˫һ̯˵ѧǱߵ˶֪תѧŮ˭Ƭһǽһ翴Сһһ̣Сڸһ䣬Ҳ֪ġ
̾һ˵һطɺƵĻԭΪƾƼѧһ֣طɵı£ûòŮƬû뵽ȻҲˡ˵գ̾һһϧ֮ɫ
طǿŽݺһٵĳ嶯Щ˵һ⡣ŪƬⲻϣСܸһϲطɻû˵꣬ͼҶߣæҶȥģ
ȥʦ̫˵ҶͷҲصһ仰
ԲۣҶӻһҶôҪԼطŵæҪȥ׷Ҷ
ʱȻסطɵļ򣬵˵Ҷȥʲôʦ̫ҸҴģȥʦ̫ҲҲʦ̫ʲôط˵ᱻʦ̫һ񾭲ϳ
ǰҶﵽϿεʱˣӦȥϿˡʱγҲ˹һطɣЦЦ˵
ԲۣˡطһƨڵϡȻ˵طѾҪʦ̫ٻ¡ʦ̫ٻֲ·ǸطĪӰ
ҶѧУʱ΢΢üͷ̫ȭεľȻһֹңҶһֵĸоǰЩѧӦһ벻ϿεģϷġ
ҶĿɻһһɨЩͬѧףȻϵһơ
Ƶݷǳˣ̫ȭһʺ
ţͬѧֳӣһƵĿҶ
ʱΧͬѧָָ㣬С
״Ҷɫ˲ȥ


371 Ҫҽѵѵ
Ҷһڴѧν̡ԭҶƼѧֶ⣬߶˵ѧУѧǷǳʵġСֵʵѧֻǼΪȴû뵽ǰŸճһţƺ壬֪ԼＸĺСΣתۼôһ
ʱѩѩҲ֪ʲôʱϡأһϷı顣
ѩѩСʵҪҪ֪ͨģ
ѾĴ绰ˣӦúܿͻˡһɫѿҶоȻһֳĸоѾɫĿҡ
ѩѩȴһǵ˵ȭЩһʵ̫ˡô˵ҶҲǽ̫ȭʦ
ȴǲÿɷ񣬱һ˵Ȼǽ̫ȭʦô϶ҪЩ汾µġ㱾µĶûУ˼ȭ߳Ҳ֮е鰡
ѩѩǵȫһֵܹġȻֻԼѩѩ֣ôûʲô˼ˡԣǵȸĴ˵绰ҲϹ
ıⲢҪĿҶжôҪĿеĴ磬Ҷһ廨ͷ
Ҳ˼롣ĵĺùۣĿν˽һˡʱ䣬ȴĺ֮УʱԼ뵽ĳЩɵɵЦ
֪Լù۵ԸȻƶò˫ȫǿƼѧ꼶ɫļŮ֮һ׷ƣĵ۹ȴǳޣڻǵ
Ȼ˵۹ҲǷǳޡѰͲķۡ
һǳƷѧŵһԻ˫޳ɡҶֳȻǺһ㣬ҲԲֺͽһ˧ûԺյļԼɫˣ;İһŷķŴ˵ط
ΪĵĺùۣԼҪĳͷպ췹һж֮ӡ
ͷŴ绰ģٸġ
ʱҶȻһ󲽣Ŀֳƣţͬѧܲ˵ǲǻ˰ɣѹǲ֪̫ȭǻڼȭ֮һ⣬Һǣѧ˼ɸӵȭ͵ôţƺ̫ȭ
ţȭԱԶʱƿˡ̫ȭҶʦƺԼ糤еЩ밡
糤ʦ֫ͷԼ򵥵Ļɫ꣬ǰҶʦһˣһ仰ñѹԼƿԣңȻΣƺʲô˵顣
ʱһȭĳԱȻȻҶڵ̫ȭͼææ˹
ģʱ򡣡һĿҶ˵ϷŸոݡ
ô˵ҾˡҶ絽ˣΪʲôôأԶʱˣЩʵ
ƯԴʶԺò˵һֱǷǳġ⻹һμľȻΪһ˶Լ
һԵѩѩЩΡӰ֮ĸ飬æ˵ģûҶʦ˼㿴ȺȭǶôĹ֡
ʹæ˵ͷȻһ㶣ΪʲôҪͷļææܹҪҶһôûõ
ҲûԼۼƽϣ˵ҲּƽϵԸ
æҶ
ʱѩѩȻЩǵ˵ģȭ糤;˵һǳĸ֡˵Դȭ磬Եʱ糤սֻһȣͽ糤ſˡǴǿƼѧȭɨ˺ѧǣдѧȭ硣
ʱҶҪսҶʦˡҶʦ᲻ΣհѩѩⷬǻϽͣԣĸļˡ
ʱȺȻֿһͨСţһѧԽڶ
мǸȭ磬ųѧȭһֵ͡
ҿˡףȭôһ¡Գ棬糤ˡ
ǰҲơ˵ҶʦǸոν̫ȭѡ޿εġ˵Ҷʦܻȭ˰ң֮ǰҲû˵ȭսĸʦ
ҲǰҶʦϾʦȭôδҲ̫һЩ
Ҫ˵ˣ͹ˡ
һϵĸӣϵļһȥһӵǿ󱬷ĸо
֮⣬ߵ糤ÿһҲţһ֪Ǿǳǿˡ
Ҷֻɨһۣص˵ͷѹܹſƼѧȭ缸ɨǴѧеĴѧ
Ͳĳȣ˫·һСɽû˿ǽȲ˫ֵĹһŻֵҲһߵ֡
Ҳ˵Ѿǵȭߣһʵˡ糤Ҫ˺ܶࡣһЩḡ·ʱ򣬼Ҳ΢΢Щһһ֪ȫȭġ
ߵȭԱǰ˵϶ûôƶòȡ
ţȭԱԣվñֱ˵Ƶ˫ҲԵø
ϸϾܿڿƼѧȭǶôء
Գ棬ڳ˶һ
Ҷʦ»ܴ鷳ˡ
Ҷȴǽüһɫ˲ЩѿǷǳȵģɫ仯һ£͵˵λͬѧǸӵİɣ
˼ҵûȻһĺǿƼѧѧҶſڿӣ٩˵ǹˣҲӦôŵıǻĵ̫ȭɣ
˵仰ʱҶɭ˲١
һǰȭĸ糤ԣŭҶⷬȫָɣʲôӵѧУѾԼĹۿòãǶǻʵĻˡ
Ȼֻ룬ǾԲ˵ġҶһñӿ˵ʲôȻǻˣΪʲôҪ޼ɵı̫ȭôش
۾ӹһ˿ȴҲûǵ˵ԭΪҶʦǰʦһ֫ͷԼ򵥵ˡû뵽ҶʦȻݣͲǲ֪Ҷʦ̫ȭǲҲĿڲһأ
仰һڣڳѧȻˡȻ֪ȭҪҶʦǾû뵽;ȻôҶʦ
һԵĺѩѩһ֮ɫȻ֮˷ܵĹâͲûд󺰡ͼˣ
֪Ҷ͵Ļûǵ˵λͬѧҪҽѵѵ𣿡


372 սҶ
ԣߵļ糤ӶˡʲôҪҽѵѵ
ĸ糤߹ȥһ䣬ԲۣǲԴӽˮˣѵѵĺòã
ʹСȭѾͬľ硣ʱҲǱҶⷬòᡣ
ڳһԾĿҶʦԭΪҶ˵ǶѧʦǾԲѧ֮࣬ûӪĻͷ֪ҶʦȻôֱӡ
һҶĺһȣܶ˵Ķ˰ءͲһΡ⣬ߡ
͵ļ𣬿ȥǳҶأ˹˹ģ·ոմѧУ߳Ĵѧһ㡣֮ûпɱԡ
Ũüһ˵ҶʦҪѵң
Ҷ΢΢һЦ˵ôŵңսҽڵĿγ̣Ҳѵ㣬ѵѵԼ𣿡
͵ɫˣʱԱߵһȭ縱糤Ȼ˳˵ҶʦĿǲС˵˭ѵ˭ء
ҶȴҲǵ˵ҵĿСʵҲôҪԣ˵꣬ҶﳰĿһǰѧȻһܳ϶ǴҪ̽Լ˼
ҶȻѾʧˣȴ޴෴˼ݣһ۾ܹǰѧͼ㡣
͵ƤѾʼ鴤ˡȻߵȭĸ糤ҲһҶＤŭˡŵˣȴһμҶŵûߵʦ
Χ۵ѧһԾĿҶԭǶΪҶ϶ʦݸԼڻԲǶ֡Ͼʦѧֱ䣬Ӯ˲ʣ˸Ƕˡ
Ӯǲֺõ飬˭ɣ
֪̫ȭҶʦȴôֱӣˬҪӷ㡣
ȴһţƤˣ¿ôճһԵ˫˸֮ɫҲҶ˱ɫɡ
ѩѩЩǵ˵ģȭĵһ֣Ҷʦ᲻Ķְ
ԣĵҲֳһĨ֮ɫҶһҪӮ
ԾԣҶʦ治𡣡ȭ糤һƵĿҶ
ҶﵭһЦ˵ѵȭĹȫƤ𣿡
͵ٴγ鴤һŭֱš
ȭĸ糤޴޴Ҳ㱻Ҷ˱ӡټٶһǻѪ޴ȻĹֽһһзǳҶԴ
״Ҷһ䡰ɵơȲ޴ֻʵĶֿ԰
ҶԼɵƣ޴ŭʤˣһõҲӴ˲١
һԵŮѧһݵĿ޴
ȭĸ糤˧Ķ
ţȭԱҲһݵĿ޴ƽȭľĸ糤
Ҷ꣬Ȼһȥ޴ȸոԼԴ˲䣬Ȼָ֣̽繳һצ͵һץֱץס޴ҽţȻ͵һ
ո׼һҶԴ޴ͱҶץסҽһʧȥģ顱һݺݵڵϣˤԼԴֱðǡ
˵ɵƣôȻҶӶ֡ҶĿ޴˿Լϵļ
ҶҲ˿ûάԼΪһٽʦľɵƣӿھ
޴ĵͷһͱ˼Ҹſ̫ˡ
Щ֣Χѧ𾪵ĿҶҶ̫ˣͿһЩ֮⣬ֻǿ޴ոһԾҶʦԴһӾͱҶʦſڵϡ
˧̫˧ˡһŮͬѧȻֱֱĿҶ
Ҳʹ˰ƣҶ磬ͣҶ͡
ܵĵĹ裬ҲĺҶʦͣҶʦ͡
һơԭΪȭܹúõؽѵѵҶ֪˲ͱ˼ɱ
Ҳ֮ġ
ʱҶȻһܲҽŷ·Ѹޱȵǿ̫ȭһʺϡ
Ҷ̫ˣһ硣ֳƵȭԱûӦƾѾҶһˡ
˧ĶҶһŮľ̾
ۣû뵽̫ȭˣȻôһЩͬѧһ̾ĿҶ
ɫˡҶղһţÿ׼ľ⣬һĸ֡
п֣пŵ
м֣ͿҶҲһǳĸ֡
һƣҶƵĿͣ˵ô㲻
ǳ鴤һ£Ȼһ˵ҶʦδҲ̫˰ɣ
ţҶȻָԼıӣ˵ͬѧ顰̫ȭһʺҵĳӣŲţǲû˯ã㶺ˣҶ˿ͰӣֱӾһ硣
ɫ˲ȥҲȷҶġ
㲻ĻǾͱڶҶﵭ˵ҪϿˣûȤȺСƨȥ
˵꣬ҶﶼԼıƸ˲˲ٰ
һȻ˵Ҷʦʽ㷢ս
Ҷתһͣӣ˵ƾʲô
΢΢һϡսѵҪƾʲô
ʱҶ˵ȻǵսҲǲԡһ
ʲôʵľսҶҶڽ£ƽϢԼŭ𡣵ȻҲȭڿƼѧǴѧдѧȭ
ϾԼôĻȥǶȭĴ
;ԲԸ⿴ġȭԼѧԱսࡣѧдѧз磬ѧԱѧϰȡʽ
͵ļƻҪڿƼѧдѧȭ綼չԼķ硣
һǳΰĿꡣ
ΪΰĿ꣬һ·սѧдѧȭ綼һһڽ£Ƽѧȭһ
ˣͲŽȭĳԱչǧǶôֲݡ
ңÿѧԱÿҪһٿǮѧѡȻ࣬һҲʮ롣һѧ˵һʷǳ޴롣
ȻҶÿüǧʦ˵Ҳһʷǳ޴롣
ͲȭκεʧȻԼʧܡ
ˣһ顰̫ȭһʺƹϡ
Ҷⷬո˵ڣһƬĻȻʱȭĳԱҲѶ˹һҶôŰĻһĿɿڴ
ţЩȭĳԱͷŭˡ̫ȭҶʦʵ̫Űˣѹͽȭ糤ͷ
糤úýѵѵҶʦ֪ȭһԱԴһȣȻ˵ô治Ļˡ
ԣԱҲĺ糤ͣҶʦʶʶȭ
ͣǶһäĿĳݡ
ȴΪһĿҶʵأ
Ҷǻһ˿ϺıóѵЦݡ


373 ˵³
ܼ򵥣ˡҶ΢̣һ˿ײЦݵ˵Ͱǿ鱻һ˵ƴȻ߾ٹͷһȦ
Ҷո˵һƬ
ûɣ̫ȭҶʦȻ糤ŰɣһݸߵͬѧȻͱͱߵһֵͬѧʵ
ԣֵͬѧ˷ۣ˵ŰءûղŸ糤սҶʦӾͱҶʦſ𣿡
ǵҲǡݸߵͬѧط˷۾ͬĵ˵ͷȻ糤ͺţƣҶʦòҲ֮
ѶȭԱȴը˹糤˵仰ǾúҶʦ˵仰Ǿ;÷ǳĲˡ
ԭܼ򵥣ΪǵУԼ糤ġܹɨǴѧеȭ磬֪糤ʵǶôţơ
ţƵʵȻŵʸ񡣿ƫƫԼ糤ûʼţҶʦѾţƺս
һ£ȭĳԱͲˡһͷҲ͵˷˿Աʹ˵ҶʦҲһѡ糤Ӯ㣬Ҫͬѧ̫ȭֻǹ԰Щүү̶ĻӡȻ˵Ļ
ͷȻ˵ȥˡΪֻһͷ糤ֻӮôܻ䣿˵ˣ糤ʲô
ͬѧе찡ȺеһЩֶնյŮȻһ۴ͷȻһУǸ׷ǰѩѩ𣿡
һѩѩĲֳһĨ˵ĺΣͷ±Ƽһ㡣
׷ѩѩ鱻Ů˵˳Ŀ⡣
һ£Ӽˡ
ʱҶȻһ˿޺Цݣ˵أ
ˣҾֻȦһͻȥˡ
ǲСҶȴҡҡͷܾˡ
һæʵΪʲôУ
ʦѧô˼ѧֻһȦأãã˷绯Ҷﻹһҡͷ
Ҷʦ˵˵Ļôͷһӣƾ糤ǿµʵζġ
ҲҶʦģҶʦˣҪͬѧ糤ϹǸȻʮ̫ȭȭ磬̫ȭүүȭߵȭĳԱҲ壬ź
Ҷ۾ɨһǼΨ²ҵȭԱʵȷҪҶģ
ڣҶȻֽ˵Ȼ˭˭ġ
ղǼȭԱɵˡȭĳԱЩΧ۵ѧԼģѩѩǼɵˡ
СʵģҶʦԴջˣ
һۡ
æ˵˵ˣģҵ˼Ҷʦʧ𣿡
ǰҶո˵һҶȻʲôǲˡһգգĿҶ
ôʧˣԴջءȻС˵
ֹʲôأĺȻЩɻĻͷһæ˵ûʲôġ쿴Ҷʦ
ҶʦôˡæеҶҶһЦеӣɻʵղ˵Ҷôˣ
ᡰһ˵û£㿴Ҷʦ
ŶĿһĪעּҶϡ
ҶֱӰѻ˵ˣЩҪҶĵȭԱʱѡ
ԭЩҪҶĵѧֻΪ˸ҶѹҶ֪̫ȭҶʦȻôֱ˵ơ
㶼˵˭ڣ˭ӡǻ˼
ڳĶѪʢСӣܵ˼мȭԱĳԱ˵ľͶģ˭˭Ҷʦ㻮µô죿
Ǽ򵥣Ͱ֮ǰλͬѧ˵һȦȻҲԶţܱȴȦǿ
˻һڳѧɵˡԴһԴղҶʦԴе˵Լ˷绯ôһתۼ䣬ͱԴӦˣ
ʮҪҶĵȭĳԱҲһȻĿҶͬʱһк޲꣬ʲôעãƫƫǴȦѾĲ֪һǧ
Ȧǧס룬ֻһãͬѧǧ׾;һɺӿӿ˳Բۣöඪ˰
һսĪһͬʱҲ
ǰ̫ȭҶʦȻһܺúŪ
һںÿӣԼЩȭԱ֪ǰǻȴҲò۾ȥĻֶζǳȻҲҶĸںƤ֮
Ҫ֪һʦٺѧִĳʱһ㶼ԲһЩѧ̫ĳͻǰҶʦǸ˼ʦ֮ĹϵĿӣ;Բֻһ
ܰȫˣ;Բһͷ¶档
ҶЩȭԱı֡ȴǰЦ꣬һȺСƨӣҲԼʲôС
ˣǶ׼·ˣܿǾҪȦҶһζЦݵ˵
ʱȻ˵͸磬ͣ
͸磬ͣ͡仰·һˮһ棬ըˡ
ڳ󲿷ѧ֧͵ġ󺰣͸ź˳
һ˼ĿȻȻ΢ĴҶͣҶ͡
ܵĵĹ裬ѩѩҲŴҶʦͣҶʦ͡
Ҷ΢΢һЦȻ͹˹ָͷ˵λͬѧӦҵôҾͽս
ҴӦĻôͳȥϿΡҶµĿͣ˵
ԣƤ鴤һȻᶨ˵ãһΪ˭Ҳˣ
áҶЦе˵˭ˣ˭ġ
͵ٴγ鴤һ¡Ҷʦһ˵͸Լһӡ
˭ģ仰ѾϾȭʮԱˣĿԡ
Ͼ˭ˣǾġԼӵӣôԼϰǾӡ
Բۣ뵽һȭԱͲҶһﲻ
ɣְɣҿжͣȻôŵսҵ̫ȭγ̡ҶϵЦݣ¶ƽ֮ɫ
ȭǶҶһ񣬶Ҷ˫΢΢ֿȭ˹ǻĴͳȭڽʱǡ
ҶȻЩֺ֣ͱ˽־ȻһʶϤС
ʱͺȻһ㣬һܣһͷ֮ԱһȻһȭݺݵغҶԴ
һһֲûʩչΪϤͨȭǴƴһȭ
һȭǶʱĻзǳĹס
ңʹСעȫѵȲļ֫ļǳֲһȭٽ
һȭļȻȫչǽ˫ֱе˳
һ֣ȫԸ


374 
ͳ̫ˣҶˣܡҲ͵ĿġȫԸҶζֻӲ
͵ӲӲóġȭһĻ򣬻СһȭһԣѰ˿ɱȡ
һȭ̫ˣսЩѧһ
һŷĶᵽɤˣ֪סѩѩ֡
ѩѩҲһŵĿͺҶǿƼѧȭ֣ҶʦǸѧУν̵ʦѡ
ȻҪ˵Ҷʦʧˡϣ¹ĸһʧˣʵۿһͨˡ
ѩѩ翴ˣȻ֪оͰԼ뵽˵ǵĽɫȥˡ
ۿһȭ׺ݣҶﱾܵĺһһȻһ󲽣ֺȻһ˴ǹ͵رҶȭ
ΣգҶﲻ֪оʩչȭеǹȭǹȭ־ǳ׺ݣһһľʽ
飡
ҶǹȭӲӲһȭ͸оԼǹȭ·һ޴ʯͷ棬ǿҶβɱ𵴵ĺ
ҲܲܡǹȭĿֲ֮ǽе۳һ㣬Ȼ󱬷
˵ҶǹȭһöӵĻô͸ղڵһȭһ޴ʯͷ
޴ʯͷ̺޴һһöʱѾעˡ
͸оһ·һöӺݺݵײԼȭ档ȭļ˲𵴣顣Ҳβɺ岽
״Ҷ΢΢һЦ˵еʵ
͵ɫ˲ȥˡҶ˵ƼѧֵĶˡ
ղԼȫԸ֣Ҷǲִٷ˶ʵ֪ղŵĶݽԼˡΪҶִ֮ԶԶԼʵϣҶȴóʩչɱ
ȻĸǾԲġ䲻Ҳ䡣
κһʱҶȻһǿֲĲ͵ĺɨ͵
ߣǵºȭֲȷʩչߵٶȶżΪ̵Ҫ
Ҷʩչһǲ߳͵ɫ˲ͱˡνп֣пŵ
ҶһǲȻûȭʽôȴ̺˼Ϊֲıɱ
͵˲ȻȻҲһ˳ȥţȫˡ
ȷµĹ˿˫١ȷվԶԶѧȭֻܹġ˵ˣ͵Ĺӻȭݴµġ
ѧϰȭΪȭ磬ͬʱ˴ȭںдѧ
Ť΢΢͵߳ǽȭСʽȡ
飡
͵ĽȺҶĲײһɫˡҶһǲ߾Ȼֲ˹̺˼Ϊǿı˲ͽ˳ȥ
ͬʱҶأһѵˮһܣһͷ͵Ķ˲ɳȥ͡
ҶһжһˮˮɣȻȻĸо
Ҷﱾ˶ûʶЩϤ̶Ѿ̻˹档ԣҶʧˣӶ֮ʵȴɴڡѾ˱ܡ
磬Ī⣬һɱ
һ̣Ҷ˫ۺȻɭɱɢһɷ
ҶļȭĳԱɫ˲Ͳ԰ȻҶĳɷ嵽ˡ
͸ո£ûһҶѾǰҶ۾ɱܵҶɢֲɷһ⡣
ָоȭݵһϸܵң˵һʹӶɱˣ֮˾ֵɷ
ʱҶָ繳¡𣬺ӥצһȻ͵ץ͵ĺҶһֿ׼ңһɲҵɱơ
ʹС䣬ѾԼ֮ĵС״֪ǰҶʦȻԼɱġ
ǵģʹҶ˫Ŀп˿Σɱ⡣
ɱ졣
ͺɣԼҶʦץסֶԼĲӡ
Σգֱӵıܡ
æˣͬʱһСץҶҶ΢΢³Ȼ߷תɱ͵
߲ƣǰܲ⴫ĴɱСҶУͻѡֱҲǳ׷ˡ
ȻʶæһȻһȵҶʦ䡣
Ҷһ٣˫ĿɱɢȥָɷҲʧ
ȴоԼĺ󼹱亹ʪˡ
ݵĽ֣һͻǵĸо˿ỳɣĻпɥĵط
߶Σֱӵıܲ
Ҷʦɱˣңֹɱһˡ򣬻Բɢôֲɷ
͸ҶۣͬʱҲҶǵ֮Сһ˲䣬;ѾԺ󵫷йҶ飬Բ롣
䣬ڳѧ㶣ûӦǿͺҶʦĽֲŸոտʼôͻȻͽأ
һ֣꣬ӿӶˣȻ͸ҿĸо
ⲻ֪ͺҶｻָе֮ʵԽǿ˴֮䲫ɱԽ֡߸˿һ͵£ǵ³
ҶʦӮˣҲһšǲһġ
̫֮ˡԭҶܹͶ൱ͷǳ˲ˡû뵽Ȼȵ䡣
ˡҶ˫Ŀָ¸ֳһĨЦݣ˵
ǵģҶʦˡ͵Ҳɴ࣬ҷǳĻش
Լ¹һ²СոպҶｻ֣ʶԼĲࡣ
ѧǲҶȴǲɱһ֮֮
ԲҶʦ̫ˡھȥǿһȦ˵գͶҶؾһ
ȻʵԼǿȴԵĸе塣
Ҷ˲Ͷ˲ͬĿһȻһЩԳУҲʧΪһӡ
˵꣬ϣ˵Ҷʦѡ̫γ̲֪ɲԣһĿҶ
ѧ̫ȭǼ٣ҪҶѧ㲫ɱ֮ȴġ
áһӭÿһԸѧϰ̫ȭγ̵ͬѧҶ΢΢һЦתʮԼĵȭԱ¶޺Цݡ
ʮҶĵȭĳԱŷӦ糤Ȼˣ
һĲ˼顣
ʮȭԱҲĿɿڴȻ󣬱˴һۡ
ԲۣôҲ̫˰ɡ
ҶĵʮȭĳԱһ֮ɫмѾ˼ҪʲôӸϽ֮󼪡򣬵ȻҪֻȦ
룬ò
ǸҶʦҶʹȥϸϴּ䡣һȭĳԱȻһʹࡱסӡ
ԣȭԱӦҲޱȣæѧһʹֵ
ҶȻ΢΢һЦ˵ղô˵ŵģ
ŶˡҶһȻ˵˭ˣ˭ġϤ㣬ģȥϴּ䡣Ҳǿǡ㡣


375 ķ羰
ԣʮҶĵȭԱɵˡ
ǿЦһҶʦ㶼ѻ˵ˡ˭ˣԼӡ
֮ڣǲжԼĻôҾ͵ˣˡҶЦЦ˵
ʮȭĳԱٴɵˣһŴͷ
ȴǺȻ󿴿ֿȷûпѩѩڳԺһҧͰºͿˡֻһӾͳȥ
״ʣµʮȭĳԱҲԥˡܸɴѧһֻһø
һ£ڳѧһƬȻһ۲ŵĿʮȭĳԱ񱼡
꣬ǲ̫׳һЩһ۾ͬѧ˷˿۾һ𾪵ʵ
ǲ׳۲׳ۣǼֱһķ羰ߡͬѧߵͬͬѧ۳ݵĿҶ˵û뵽ҶʦȻһز¶Ķ֡Ƕˣѡ̫ȭſγ̡
ҲҪѡ̫γ̡ݸߵ۾æ˵
ҶʦѩѩȻ۵ĳ֮ɫ
ôҶ磬ľ˷һġһԵȴǴ۾û뵽ֻ֪׷ӹŮ˾Ȼһɽ¶ˮĸ֡
ߣ书ôͷǿ̺Էòã书ٸʲôã
һĲм
ڳѧһС̸Ƭ̵ʱһŮܵҶǰʵҶʦҿɲȸһڿΣȻȥ޿γ̱˵꣬СŮϣĿҶ
״ʮŮҲܵҶǰѯʡ
Ҷ΢΢һЦ˵ðλͬѧѡ̫γ̣Ҷ˫ֻӭ
Ү
Ůʱ˷ܵĴһʤơ
Ůô󵨵ѯʣҲܵҶǰѯõ϶ĴԺһԼ̫γ̳˼顣
ʱĺȻߵҶǰʵҶ磬ܲҲѧ̫ȭǿ壿

ҶЦһ
ԵģġҶû뵽ԼղŴͣȻô磬ôҪѧϰ̫ȭγ̵ѧ
ôǲ̫ߵһЩⲻϸԭ򰡡Ҷޱȷɧ뵽
ҶʦҲҪѧѩѩȻ˵
ʱոһȦ·ҶߵһѩѩȻҲɫһƬͨ죬һԼİŮǰ޵ݵĸо
һ̣޲ѷȥȻҲ̫ˡ
ϧȫһԸˡ˼ѩѩ۶ûһӵΡ
磬ѩѩҪѧ̫ȭˡٺ١־ȻһЦݡ
ʲô᣿ԣȤҲʱԼΡ
лܹһ׷˷
磬룬ѩѩѡ̫γ̣Ҳѡ̫γ̣ⲻǾʱѩѩһ𣿡־һߴһ˵
ԣ۾һ˵⡣־ѾȦȥҶʦҲҪѡ̫ȭſγ̡
־ЦЦ
ѩѩѯʣҶʾ˭ֻҪԸѧϰ̫ȭ˫ֻӭ
Ҷ仰ո˵ڣڳ½ڿβϿεѧͷ׷ױʾҪҶѧ̫ȭ
ҶʱЩˡ
һȥѧٸѧԼϿΡ룬Ҷﶼоۡ꣬չ˲òã
֮ǰĻ֣ѡ̫ȭγ̵ѧԼĪңΪγ̰ࡣһʮˡڡҶﲻƾоܹ֪Ҫѡ̫γ̵ֳѧٴﵽϡ
ôѧͽ̲
ѲҶ
ѧҶȻ˵Һܸ˸λܹѡ̫ȭγ̡ϣܹһ顣
ѧϰ̫ȭֻг֮Ժ㣬ˮĥĹܹˮʯɹôǻھͷõԼͬѧԼҵʱ䡣
ٶѧѻȸҶ
Ҷ˵Ϊܹͬѧѧϰ̫ȭջҾڽĿγһ˻ڡÿһѧڿѧϰĶҪ춼һһ½ڿνпˡҪ첻Ľᱻ̭ȥ
ҶһһƬҪ֪ѡ޿ΣʦͲѡ޵ѧԽԽãҶʦãȻʵ̭ơ
һСŮСѯʵҶʦҪѧ̫ȭҪ˵Ļ̭ʻ᲻ܸ߰
ᡣҶһ΢ЦȻѧ˵Ҳᡣ
Ļѩѩǿһѧ̫ȭһ޵ĿҶֹû뵽˵ĿڲžȻôáǰһ仰˵Ķᵽɤϣһ仰ѧأһͷˮ
ȥѧͨ˶˵һǳ򵥵顣Ҷ΢Ц˵ȻֻΪʸģҸұ֤Ӿ̭ȥ
Ϊ˱ЩѧֻΪоʾѡ̫γ̣Ҷֻȸѡ
ҶʦģһúѧСŮ˵
ԣҶʦһúѧ
Ҷ΢΢һЦʱȴһ󸹷̣ҶղźͻǵĶԻȫŶԷڿӣ˶ɢһСåϢڣʱҶⷬ˵ǶôθС
ӼֱǿƼѧʦѡ
ҶǳЩѧĻشʱȻʮѧ˹Ϊ׵ڵĴŴصϢҶҶʦҲҪѡ̫γ̡
ǣҶ¶޺Цݣ˵ܱǸڲǷǣһζı̫ȭ㴫ͳȭˣҾ˫ֲӭ
ʮȭĳԱɵˡ֮ǰҶﻹһӭж̫ȭȤͬѧΪʲôתۼ̬Ⱦͷ֮ı仯
Ҷʦǲûб̫ȭжʱżܲܺԼİŮһͿҶ̬ˡҶӲǲѡ̫ȭγ̣õԸ
ԣԣҶʦǲûб̫ȭ־ȭĳԱҲæ˵
ǸղźҴΪʲôҶЦеĿʮȭԱ
һ£ʮȭĳԱɵˡղǶһֱڸߺͼͣҶʶʶȭû뵽תۼ䣬Ʊ䡣һ޵е糤;Ȼˡ
Ӷ˺ü£źܼѵĺƤ˵Ҷʦֻһ⡣
ԣԣҶʦֻһ⡣־ҲæƤ˵һôĹĴѡ̫ȭγ̵ҪԭϲһŮҲȺС
Ȼ־ͬѧɧ͵ģְĿŵϵɧһ


376 ҹ
Ҷ¶޺Цݣ˵ôҲӭѡ̫ȭγҲһ⡣˵꣬ҶûȤǼȥˡ
ЩһһʼԼȭĳԱţƺġתۼ䣬ͻһףƨƨߵҪѧ̫ȭ
Ҷﵹֻǲ̫鷳ѡѧ̫ȭԽ࣬˵Խһָ
־˲ɵˡ
ƳҶ֮⣬ûĸѡ޿γ̵ʦֱ˵ѧ֮İɡ
һ̫ȭγҶڵĽƣû취ʵ̫ˡңҶֶԹܸˡ
ڽڵĹУҶָκһͬѧĶȻҶһڿνڵĶҲ࣬ôѧϰҶĻ˵ȭǧٱ飬Լ
ϰκһŴͳȭҪľǴĥһϰǧ飬鶼Ƿǳ顣
ѵʽ൱ζġ֪ǲǼʶҶǿʵŮûиоܿһζϰ˴֮䣬ָԷĶǷλ
ҶеοͷǺõġ
¿εʱͺȭ糤ٴγ
ͺ糤ĳͬѧע
Ҷʦ֮;ȻܵҶǰϹϾľһ
ҶȻ֪ͺ«ʲôƤҩ΢΢һЦ˵ˡ
ǵģҶʦ΢΢һЦͳǿ鱻Ҷһ˵ȥȻȭ糤ʵʵĽѵͷϣ߾һȦ
һĻʵ̫˸еˡ
Ҷﶼ΢΢ݡȭ糤;Ȼܹõŵ£Ҳһﰡ
һ˲䣬Ҷ͵۾˲١
гŵԺŹߵҶǰٴξϹ˵ԲҶʦҲñ̫ȭ֣صǸϣԭ¡
ȺеһġϣЩս˱ܵĸĽﲻXX´սһӮXX꣬ҲʮģһٻսġΪʲôʵȴ˴ͥ
Ȼ䣬ķȴ۷ڳܶѧġ
ҲǲЦȴзǳ񹦵׵͵ıĿõŵ£Ȼ֮
ôҶҲ˼ٶ䳰ȷڸȥֻ΢΢һЦ˵ʤ֮飬ˡ
š͵˵ͷ֮ǰӮúأҶｻԺʶҶͲһεĶ֡
һΣûпɱԣҲԩֻ͵ü֮ȴӹһ˿ǳ֮ɫ
ӮνɶԼЩ˵ⳡӮ»ǼΪŭɡ
ΣҶص˰칫ҡʱγҦԶڰ칫ңطɺ뿪ˡ
ȻദʱǳݣҶȴ֪طɺһﶼܹʵʵڰ칫һˡ
仰˵ס
ʱγȻعͷҶ΢΢һЦ˵Ҷʦ˵ոǽڿٶѧμ̫Σ֪ǲģ
Ҷ΢΢һЦ˵ЩѧƶͼһʱʰˡҶǾԲЩѧܹ̫ȭѧġܹһ˼Ѿǳˡ
γЦЦ˵ͼһʱҲãҲã˵̫ȭγ̽ڵķǳɫ
ɫôҶӡûԼڵжôɫֻǡðǰսͺݺݵһ٣Ҳǡڳͬѧ˶ѡ
ˣγطɺأҶûкγٸͬѧ̫ȭѡ޿Σת˻⡣
طɾʦ̫չʷǰ׷жΪֵܣʹ¾ģҲʾҪЭطɽʦ̫׷֡γ΢΢һЦùֵֹǻ˵
ҶﲻЩγһַǳŤĸоزŷһǳ·ȻҲγ
һԵҦԶǡöŲ豭һڲ裬ԣһڲˮʱ˳
ҦԶԻĭɵγͱҦԶһڲˮǡ
ԲۣҦԶүġһγվֽ
ҦԶǿЦ⣬æӳóһֽݸγγӹһĹĵĽҦԶһֽϣ˵ֽҪֽֽ
γȻ̾һԼĳóһֽһĲˮȻ˵ҦԶûŮ㼤ɶ
ҦԶæ˵γղ˵Ҫط׷ʦ̫ٻ
𣿡γûлشȴһ䡣
ȻⰡҦԶһӵĿһγ˵Ը񣬱˵æˣܲﵹæͲˡ
γһ㶣룬ҦԶ˵Ҳе
طһǳΨ²ңңһֱԸԸҪط׷ʦ̫ٻµӣǾԲܵġ
γЦһ˵ô˵طǹˣ
ûҦԶܶ˵
ϣСӲҪ̫ˡʦ̫طСԺӾͿˡ
Ҷط֮ǵ㹷ѪûжȤȤľȥ׬죬һɬС
ڴʣôǮˣҶﲻĥ֪԰¸·ʡԣڶҶ˵Ҫľ·ŪǮ˵
γҦԶĵòˣҶȻʵγְ֪
γҦԶһŹֵĿҶ
ҶﱻγҦԶ񶢵ķëæ˵ôң
طɸʱҲȥְֻԸԼഺӶ˾ˡγ˹˵
һԵҦԶȴǷ˷ֱۣ˵γܲ˵ɴһ㣬ʲôԸԼഺطɲǲ㽡ǸʯVIPŮ˯
ԣҶʱһ𾪵ĿγҦԶ
԰ҦԶȻҶļ˵ҶҲȥְΪһصˣһҪԼĵߡһԼĵ߶ûˣô˲ⱲҲˡ
ȻŮĻ㲻ϣ󽣿͵ĳ衣γʱļһ䡣
ԡҦԶ˵ͷһͬγ˵ı顣
ҶһĺߡȻǼͰôҪĻö֮˵ڣ治֪һﻹûΪһӦеĵߡ
ҶҦԶȻص˵ְĻҽȥǵ¡ưһְŮƲ˵ʱʱܹʬȵڵŮȥƵ꿪
Ҷüͷһɻʵʬʲô˼
ԲۣɣҶʬʲô˼㶼֪γܿŵ˵
Ҷҡҡͷ
γһǽʬ˵ԴһһʮĸҶ
ĩˣγʹҶļĳ˵Ҷưɼʬ˵۹⡣ЩŮ˼ȵڵģҲȻЩȽϿŵģûҪˡʬɻľǸԼ鷳Ʃ˵ߵλΪھưְһСһֽΪֹ޷ຣ
ҦԶ


377 ҹư
ҶһŹֵĿҦԶû뵽ĴеطɺҦԶһβͬѰʷȻ˵γҲзǷľֻû˵ѡ
ҦԶһ죬ҧгݺݺݵصγһۣ˵γΪҶﲻ֪ǵ¡Ųţھ͸Ҷ㹴ѧУĳѧֽ
ҶʱɵˡԺֳ︡һʣȻǴ˵еʦ
꣬Ĵ͹Ȼͬ찡ԼûκʷҶﰵңȻЩһܹʮ˴
γɫʱһ䣬Ȼһ޺Ȼ˵ҦԶ˵˵ˣ飬֪֪Բõ֪ȻôûڲٵĸҶ˵꣬γһ߷Լӣŭߣȥ
ȥȥ˭˭ҦԶʾ
ҶЦҡҡͷ룬û˾;ȥҦԶ˵¡ưһֿܲҷݼְ
뵽ȥҶһּԣҶֻ΢ʰһ°칫뿪˰칫ҳѧУȥ
ֻҶЩǣһ·кܶѧܹк
СӱǾȭ糤Ҷʦ
Ҷʦ˧
ǰ֪ҶʦûŮء
ȥ¡
ҶȻ֪Ѿ˿Ƽѧķȥ¡ưһֵĹ·ߣҶ˹ǰ¡ưһ֡
¡ưһѾˡҶЩʧǣҲǰԵʣ¡ưһеľưɶûӪҵҶֻ۷
صѧУ緹ԺҶ˯һ硣ʱ䣬֪ΪʲôҶÿ˯׼ʱجΡ
ңجεĳһģһһģģŮٻӰԼԺơ
˯ߵӣҶƵĳһ뷹Ȼٴȥưһһˡ
ɫѾ𽥻谵¡ưһ󣬷ǳ֡ÿһҾưǰվ¶̿㣬ǳ𱬵Ůӭ͡
ҶЩʧǣһȦûпưſƸְĸʾ
ҶƵӣҪһ˰ɡ
ڷľưһ֣ҶȻоԼ롣ϲĻޱȵĳӡ
ҶЩĻʱ򣬺ȻǰһһŴƸʾһкҹľưſ档
Ƹ̸
ҶȻûԼֲӦܹʤΡҶŶ롣
кҹľưɺͱ¡ưһľưһܴĲ֮ͬǾҾưûЩ¶̿ĻŮӭ͡
濴ҹưƺǳ塣ǵҶ߽ȥŷưϯ˵Ϊ
̫ˡ
ҶΪ֮һʱһķԱȻʵáԤ𣿡
Ҷ΢΢һЦ˵ûУӦƸġ
ӦƸķԱΪĿһҶУҶȻûе˧ӰЩóŹֵĺȣԵ̫һЩ
˵αˣӦƸǺ
Ȼô룬Աûֱ˵΢΢һЦ˵
˵գŮԱҶתŶ¥ȥ
Ҷ̲סʵŮҪȥģ
ȻȥܰŮԱΪȵĿһҶ˵㲻ҪӦƸ𣿡
ǵġҶЦŵ˵ͷ
ǾûҹưɵŮԱȻܸߡû˿ҶǺܾҾְĽҶ˺ҹưոܵİ칫
ˣŮԱš

鷳Եһ¡ŮԱҶ΢΢һЦ˵
õġ
ŮԱæŽոܵİ칫һ£ͽҶﺰ˽ȥ
Ҷ߽ոܵİ칫ңͳԾ
ո߹ԼĪһϣҼˮָۣơҲǳľ£һǳƯŮˡҶܸоոӹһ˿Կܵġ
ȻҶﶾĿ⣬ǰոܵӦڶʮ˾ˡ
֮⣬칫һ˶׳ӡ
ҲӦƸģոܺȻ̧ͷҶ΢΢һЦЦݱջ󣬺һһЦܹһ˵ңΪ֮ԡ
һģԸУǳˮһŮˡ
㣿Ǵ˵еԸٸ
Ҷæ˵ͷ˵ǵģܣӦƸġ
ƾ㣿ոܻû˵ߵһ׳Ӿһм˵СӣɲǻԻȵְλûһ˵ı£ҽ㻹ǸϽɡʱ򣬱˴ˡ
ʱĵոܺȻһɣȵӣס졣
ΪӵͱԼ͡ȻӶոǼΪɵ𾴵ġ
⣬ӾƢո΢΢һЦ˵
ҶﵭһЦ˵û¡ȷ˵ĻȻҶûưɵıûԹ⣬ѵû
ưɵıǾưĴͷ˹ҳӻǿ£ôưɵıҪȥֹȻпĿǴҲġ
ҲΪʲôӻҶǰӦƸܲмԵʡҶݵģ浣һﾭȭ
ҶԼֺţȻͺһʶ
ոܵĿȻļ׳˶ˣҲһЩ˵ǶǰӦƸģ˵ְλҪ˵ͷԺʱƵ۹⣬ҪȽǿĸ˲ԣҵһҪǵľǲ˭Ĳɫ˭ʸһֿˣӶճΪҹưɵı
ǶԼĲɵģھ˳ȻڽĲˣǺҹưҲǧǮǲߵĳ͡ոһ΢Ц˵һɨһڳӦƸߵ֡
һӦƸ۾¶ԥ֮ɫ·ʱЦݸˡ
ոȻҲɨһҶ΢΢ЩȵǣҶɫ۾͸һɳ֮ɫҲû¶˿ԥ֮ɫȻҶһԼǳźͷǳϵˡ
Ƕѡ𣿡Ƭ̵ʱ䣬ոܺȻֵЦЦʵ
ոܣɡһĿ׳˶ԽڶĿ˿ζոܵȡ
ȱ𼱡ոܷ·ûӶԼĿ⣬˿ָŸղǸ۾¶ԥ֮ɫ˵λ˼ˡ
ʲô¶ԥ֮ɫͳԾʵһûʼμӿˣƾʲôҳ֣
ƾʲôƾǺҹưɵĸܡոЦɣȴࡣ
ԣĿ¶ԥ֮ɫϢˣȻԹԵ뿪ոܵİ칫ҡ
ˣڿԿʼˡոܿһۺӣæ˵ͷת뿪ոܵİ칫ҡ
˶һɻ󣬷ǳƺȥʲôʱ򣬺ٴŶ롣Ȼβһ˽ˡ֮⣬ĸ
λλǺҹıҪľսǣսʤǡֻӮǵˣʸһˡ


378 ոܵĿ
ո˵꣬ߵһǰһм˵ս㡣ͬʱЦһ£ԭΪҹưɱĿĿôţءԭֻսı
ոطһӵְ˵бҪһ䣬ǧˡ㽫ǵһֵġ
ŶˡոܺȻ̧ͷתҶĵЦЦʵְأ
ûҶЦ˵
ոߵĺӷ˷ְۡûƨƨӦƸ
θƸĲǺӣոܡǺӵľԻҶ
ӣȥ²һְһ¡ոһЦԸĺӡ
һĲԸֲΥոܵ£һҶһٴת뿪ոܵİ칫ҡ
ں뿪ãս˳
ɫڣĿȴ˼㣬ңĳȣ翸ɽ
ҶֻɨһۣһôһַǳϤĸо
ĿϤƺͶ
ȻԼΪţҲǳǰڣߴıתͷո˵ոܣһ䣬ҹưɱĹǶǮһ¡
нһ򡣡ոܵһЦ˵㹻ɫÿ»һʲƵķֺ졣
˻
ԣҶڵӦƸ߶һǵнÿ¾һǮңɫҪֺ졣Ƕô˵һݳ͡
ոһ仰ڳӦƸߵĶܹμӱĻٶԼġ
Ӹ˫һܿ˵ոܣݹҪˡ
ԣոֻǲÿɷ΢΢һЦ֮ĿȻҲ
˶һʱվǰȻһܲȻһȭѸ׵ĺӵ°͡Ᵽֵٶȼ죬ڳӦƸ߶һʵģһ۾ͿⱣԲͨˡп˱ˡ
Ҳһͬʱŭû˵ⱣȻˡҲ򣬼״æһСͬʱӺȻһȭݺݵش򱣰Դ
Ŀһ䣬ܿ׺ݵһȭһȻ˹ȥ̽һоСþֱץӵ
Ᵽٶȼ죬ңʽɾ䡣ûһ˿һˮ
ڳĻ϶м֡״һĶʱ³ˡȻЩ¸ͨˣӦöɡпǻˡ־Բô
ǱʩչС֣ץסӵӴʧɫ֮ôûԭġǰǺĳݵҲһΪľɫԭΪһְλԼ˵ֵϧû뵽һؾ˼֡
ӣⱣȻһĵнȴÿ˶ʸõġ
ӵã֪ϾôݽæвҪѱľСá
ϧⱣȻְλͣȴ쳣ץסӵͿһ
꣡
Ӷͷڳ亹ѾˡһЩ־ʱ򣬱Ȼݺݵײӵϣײƺһһ𾪵Ŀű
ʲôһĸ֡
ǿؿϵʹæֽԼѾŪá
ʱһְŶǡÿ˱ӵһĻɫû˿쳣Ǳְ˦Ҷ
Ҷüͷ΢΢һ壬ӹһ˿䡣
Ͳ׽Ҷ˫Ŀеĺ䣬˵ô㲻
ҶﱾͲһܳԿ״һЦ˵㲻֪ôдģҿԽ̽㡣
ԣ˫Ŀͱһɺ֮ɫâҪҶﶯ֡
ո΢΢üȵˣӡ
Ų鲻ԸĻصոܵߡ֪ΪʲôԴҶ߽칫ңӾͶһûκκøСҲʱ䣬Ҷûκθ񶷱£ֵǱְλǰӦƸսʱ̫ˡӱܵĽҶൽһˣȻûʲôøС
ȳ˺ӣո΢΢һЦתҶ˵˼ӣƢ֡
Ҷ΢΢һЦȴǰ粻ɬҪıһݼְ˵ƨˡȻǺӵҶĻҶҲֺúõĽѵѵһ١
ģΪЦ־;øǺȵġë˸磬˭һ˵
ոĿӵϣ˵治˼ûͨǺҹưɱְλһĿǧ飬лܶԺҹưɵ֧֡˵꣬ոܽݸĺӡ
ӱӣսֱǮࡣջո֮ܵ£˹첽ߵӵǰ˫ĿԴһ˿û˿ĸ˵
ӵҲйȻҲǧĺǶոܱ˱ȭ˵ܣлܹλᡣ˵꣬תˡ
ӲûںǧĺӵɫźÿһЩ
Уһضͨ˵ˣƾʲôܹǧǮĺ
λոܵҲ˿Ϊ⣬΢΢һЦڳˡ
ӵǰ֮ûôˡһͭɫ˳ո˵԰ɡ˵꣬ĿԼǸϣ˱ȭ˵¹ս㡣
˰Լֶ˳ȻղǸչ¶Լʵõ˵Ͽɡ
ԣѡеı˳
¹ǳĹ°Ҷֻ΢ƲһۣһϤĸоӿͷҶҲֻǸеЩϤͷдְ
¹ºܿͺˡ֮ǣ¹ȻᣬּΪʽ򷨷ǳԲ󡣾һĸ񶷸֡
ǱȻҲͳ¹һ֣֪ǰ˵ʵǳֲ
飡
ۻҵ˲䣬¹ºȻһȭļϣͽĺų¹һһȭԴȵǱδҡ
æҵʱ򣬳¹ºȻһţšֱӽ߷˳ȥ
ոܺͺӼǳĬı˴һۣص˵ͷ
ܹսʤҹưɱģ¹ʱǰӦƸϰΨһһ
ã¹£һֿ˺ѡԵƬ̡ոܵһ͡
¹±˱ȭҲû˵ʲô׻ʵʵĴһԡ
ڳӦƸ߼¹Ӯһʧ͵õܡһǰȥս϶Ǽܣֻһͳ¹¼ͬʤ
ܵӦƸ߶ʱһͷɥ뿪ոܵİ칫ҡ
ټİ칫ҾʣҶﻹûսһ˻ˡ
ҶｫԼְոܣոܿһۣüͷ
ҶְȻдҶԱְλҪȴǷǳ򵥵ְ֣
ְһֻĸ֣Ҷְ֮⣬ҶڶûոܺߣʱҲеЩ
ʱۿҶҪ֣ӺȻ˵ҪҪҺ㶯֣
㣬ܹαĻͶ֡ûʸĻսڳҶ˵
ԣ¹ºһ꣬Լոܻкӣһʱסˡ


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¹΢΢鴤һĿɿڴĿҶղͱ֣Ѿ㾡ȫǿʤ֪һȻ֮Ŀһġ
ɱ֮ǰǸţƺӿ󰡡
͵Ҫ˵ܹӮңͿ仰ʱոܺȻ΢΢һЦ˵˭ܹͬʱսʤĻôͿֱӵαְλ
ǺӶҶʾɣոͬţҶܹһġ
Ҫ֪ҹưɵɶͨˣǴؽˣÿ˵нǧϣԶԶÿǧıܱȵġ
һģ룬ոܶòܡ
ҶҲȻڳ˶ԼĿ˵ȭԣλȻҶĳеĵط¡
ʱһŭǸʵͨСưɣеαʸ񡣵ΪҹưɸнһЩټոܶҲǳǲŻںҹưɵһССı
Ȼְλ£оûаܹѡֲӣһ־ˣ֪ǰھжôĻԻ͡
ҪǵͷȻҪóܹǷı¡Ҳʲôèָܹǵġ
˴һۣͳҶԭгҶû׼ãһƹġ֪ҶһԶԶҪǶ޳ࡣ
ոճ˹ҶѾһеһˡ
Ǳ¹һȭڼϵλͳ¹սһ򱻳¹»һȭٶܵӰ޷ӳȫʵ
νļ
ҶһֵĶȻˡҶٶ̫죬תۼ͵Լǰʱ˫
֣
Ժ˲ͷ
ҶһǰҲֺȻָ̽΢΢¡һ㡣Ծָ͵ץֱۡͬʱҶһͺ
û㹻ĿռʩչԼȭšҲǸղҶͳ¹¶ʱóĳȭŹ
ҶʧȥʩչԼƵĿռ䡣ҲһĽɫ״Ȼ˷һоСץҶ֡Χκԡ
ҶҪסԼ֣Ʊؾͻᱻץס֡ңԼǳš
ֻҪסҶܹжҶĹͷҶѾʧȥսʱһҶ£ûκε⡣
ȻõġҶ΢΢ųһĨЦݣҲҶôֻһ͵һתţһ׾;ס֡
Ҷţ΢΢þɫʱҶֺȻ仯צ˲չȻһĻؿϣͽĻɫ˲һƬϽ
ҶͰܿ׺ݾףЯһȭҶè͵һתȭ綾ߴ˳һȭڱϡ
꣬Ȼ͵Ϯ硣ҶһȭƴҵݣͽıʱҶչָ繳Ȼץסͷ͵һҽϥǺݺݵײϡ
һҽУʱѪĽ϶Ѫ
һҲ̶ð
״¹»һ궼Ĵһ꣬ݰ
Ӷ۾΢Сˡû뵽ݵļһȻһĸ񶷸֡
һֱҶʵչ¶š
ʣµһ㶣Ҳû뵽ԷȻô֡û뵽ԷգۼʹԼͬ顣
ʵʱʣµɵ
Ҳֻ΢ɵһ£ԥҶǶˣûٸҶƵĻᣬһһҰϣͬʱҶ֡
Ҷţ˿ԻҡвУܿͺ
ֶǳ侲ңɾ䣬û˿ӵʽÿһһʽһƵУǾԵľз
úӣ¹»һ˴۾ǣҶĸ񶷷ҪɾһЩ֮䣬һɷϱ
ҶּΪжɱͬʱʵı֣ҶﾹȻԵࡣ
ⲻúӣ¹£һе˼飬Ҳոܶ𺳡Ҫ֪Ϊĳֱκҹưɵıոܲÿ¸ǧϵĹʣңŵսϡ
Ҳǹһۺ붼ʮϡκһ˵ǳ޷ܵջ󡣱ϾͷҪôȥ˾ҪôȥһЩС˾ѧУα·Ҳֻܳ䵱ĳλǮ˵ڡ
ڵнȻܸߣͬķҲܴ󡣺ܶڶڱʱ˲ңҪǮ˵ҲǹߣΣľḻеġҪöԷɿŻ㣬Լȫ㡣
һˣҲıڵĹԣܹոֳµĴϰҲǷǳ˵顣
ʵûȤˡҶȻ赭д˵ֻҶһܣǱڴֵԱ׼͵شܳ¶Լݺҧһڡ
Ҷһ̩ȭϥݺݵײ⧲һıϣʹĵͷҶﵹûϴûץסԷͷȻٺݺݵײԼϥǣöԷѪҶҽһţʣµǰһǳڴݺݵڶԷ°ϣһȭԷͷԵ
̩ȭϥǳڴҶȻչ¶ٶȶƱ̬˷ʤ
ʣµȻ˺ľͱҶˡʵú޷ܡƫƫ֪Ҷĸʵֲ̫ˣͲԼܹǵģҲҶ
ӲҶҶȴķ
ҶϾԼϵ·ʱúǳ˳飬ԲۣôҪҪôװư
ôװƣ㲻±
ںһ󸹷̵ʱҶĿȻϣˣղ˵ʲôȥˡҼ̫ã˵һ飿
ǳ鴤ĸˡһֺ޲úҶսٻغϵĳ嶯հҶղչ¶ǿʵסˡ
һ̫ˣͲԼܹǵġ
ǿ̷ŭĬˡҶɲŹҶԼԲʲô˴һƻƨƨߵܹȥЦ˵˼Ѿͷļˡ
ҶеԭǱ˲ңҲǱˡǸҶԼƣԼԻһȭֱӺȥԷ˵
ǰûʧʱҶԸʧԺͬԸ
ӲҶȻһȻ˵ˣˣղ˵ҪҶ֡ҲãҸոûˡɣҿ㵽жȻҶ֡ҶζĿɫʱһĺӡ


380 α
ɫʱ䡣ҶûһģʤĻҶôŵĻԻ֡ۿҶһĲ׻ˣһ˸ǱҶѪҲ̶ʱӾͲٺҶﶯˡ
һ˹˹ģޱȣͺǸո߳ѧУŵӦҵ˭֪һȴ˵׺
ںľεʱոܺȻһЦ˵ҶͲҪͺӿЦˡƢֱ̫ԲԺҪһ
ո赭дһ仰ҶڨڨһЦҪûѵѵӵԸҲˡ
Ͼոܶ˵ԼںͺӿЦԼܲٳȥѺӱһٰɡ
ҶϢģոôһ棬Ȼ˵ҶְдǼְ߿ֻȫְıŶ˵ոһĨζЦҶ
ÿԺ㹻ʱ䵣αݹԼְȫְ˵ȫһʡҶˡÿҲ̫Σʱ䶼൱ɡ
һˣҶżưͨͨﵩĿ񻶡Ҷ﹤ʱ䲢ͻȻںǿƼѧϰ࣬ںҹưϰ࣬ҶϢʱ仹ǻɺܴӰġ
OKոܵõԼҪĴ𰸣ܸɴ˵ҶӽϣͿʼϰɡÿµĵнһԪսʮԪȻ㹻ɫô͵ʱӡ
Ҷ΢ϲȴæʵոܣ֪ÿְʲô
ոԴ͵ĿҶҶﲢûбĳȹĵǹְ𣬿ɼҶķǳᶨԼĴԭ
ո΢΢һЦ˵ھĹְ𣬵ְӻϸ˵
ҶҲͲ˵ʲôˡ
ʱոܵĿȻ˳¹ºһ˵ϣ˵ܱǸȻλԵְλλģҲںҹưɵαнǰǧ
ոܽ˵ְλȻܵ£Ҿκҵְλûиߵƶֻ֮֡ҪеֱģôʲôʵһΪȥ˵꣬ոų¹ºһˡ
ҹưɵıԱֻܹ࣬һ𱬣ϯĺҹư˵ʵ̫һЩոһȱĵˡ
ͨıΪ֮ǰҹưɾѾ𱣰͹˿ͣһЩۺҹưǰµС췢˾ҳͻΪͨʵޣ޷ӦԸķҹưʮһˡ
Ϊˣոܾ;ɢԭıԱƸóӦѸܹʱӦԸͻ¼ıȲõͨⷢʱȫûбϡͬҲưɼܴĸ
ǰ˵ʵӹɡһһĲ֣ܹΪҹưɵıԱԾư˵绢
¹һոǾ仰˵˹ǱǱΪŬȥһݹ
뵽¹һ˵ãոܡ
ոĵʱͶϲ֮ɫһԵĺͬˡ
ͳ¹վһһҲֻԼ˼ʹӦȻһֵһȵĸоҹưɵıʵ١
ǧнѾܹȵеİԱˡ
ҶҲ΢΢ЩԾû뵽ǰոֱܵʾȻô
һͨıÿ¹ʶǧ
ȻҶȴǲ֪ոܿ˶ġ仰˵ǿԼıжߣöߵĳ͡¹һ˵нǧнȴֻǧȻǵսܸߡ
䱸˸һոͼƻ˵ġ
һҲӦΪҹưɵһոæԺ˵ӣҶͬȥְҸǵĹְ𡣡
ʱҶȻڨڨһЦЩε˵Ǹոܣܲܺһ¶
ոܿһЩεҶһȻ˺ģæʵҶʲô飿
ҶӲͷƤЦ˵ոܣܲԤ֧¹ʣ
ԲոܸеȻĺӣг¹Լһ˶˼ĿҶ
Ǹ˸˵һ䣬Բۣ꣬ѹ˼ܹûʼһ࣬ȿҪԤ֧¹ˡһ֪ҶﱾҪԤ֧һ¹ʵģֵոܲӦſڵĻ»
ӱҶΪɵһҶ඼ûʼϣԤ֧ʣʱʹŭҶ̫ˡ˵꣬뽫Ҷϳȥ
Ҷ絶һâɨ˹һ⣬żǰһһĲʤı̬
ͷ˵ʲô
Ҷһ˵ոܣֻԤ֧¹ʶѡòĻԼϢ˵꣬Ҷ̾һ
ݣΪԸͷԤ֧ʰǿڴҪտҲԷǮûˡҶԸζ˵ֻġ
֪ոܺȻݺݵص˺һۣȵӣݡ
Խ޴ңÿһӸλ˶ǳеġȻԼĸոһܷкΪ
ԣ΢΢һ¡ոܵƢԸ񣬶ʱڨڨ˵һԡ
ǳ˺ӣոӶʱųĵЦݣ˵ҶȻͺȥְʱдԼпšʱֱӴпϡ
ˣµĹĻԶԤ֧µġûʲôϵոܺͨ˵
ԣҶӿһĨůȻ뵽ԼûпɿЦ˵ոܣˡûпҪòֱӸֽˡ
ҲСոתԺӣ˵ӣһȥлǸҶԤ֧¹ʾ˵˵ġ
ǣս㡣ºôԸԸոܵĻǱҪġ
ո˵ûʲô飬ҶǾȺͺȥְɡ
ӵ˵ͷޱĶҶ˵
Ҷͳ¹»һǸ˹ȥ
ְǳ򵥣޷ǾȡҹưɵıʲôġҶȴҪƷ
ְӾʹҶȥ˲лԤ֧˰µĹʡ
ǧڴҶһͬʱĥһ£ȻѾͷٿǮȻٶٿǮȨһ»ʳ
ҶļÿµĻʳѶǽͰ͵ģһǮǮʹá
ϴĸԼٿǮռһѧķ֮һ˰ɡ
뵽Ҷ;ԺĵѣѧӷʲôģԼȫˡ
Ҷ磬ҽӡԺաӺȻЦ˵
ԺҶͬ£Ӧ˴˶һ¶ԷҶ΢΢һЦ
ӡļһһ֪졣¹£ǳĹ°ƺһ׻ԸⶼԸ˵
Ȼ⻹ǻʶҶʵһ˵ĻԳ¹µӣ۶˼һۡ
ʱӺȻصĶҶ˵ҶѾ֪ͨˡһ飬ҾúбҪһ㡣


381 
Ҷ΢΢üͷӳʵʲô£
һŮġʵӦòڳ¹ºӡ֮£ַǳʱոܾαŮĶԱְλûκεȤԣոܲ˶ΣƸ΢Щ̾˵
ҪҵʲôϵҶüͷʵ
ȻкܴĹϵӺȻһص˵ո֮ǰõĵڶؿˣʵǰӦƸĸֲ٣ûܹһӣʮӶǺңŮҲˣ˭ܹӮ˭
֮жԶ͸ԶһζĿҶ˵
Ҷӡû뵽һССľưȻַǳֵֽԽôصҶǸ椾ԽǸȤ
һԵӡ˫һ˵ڸ磬椶ô
ӡһǵ͵졣ֻǸźȥְ·ͺͺӴһƬˡҲӡкøСһһʵڶǺҶеݵļһӡҪϵĶడ
Ȼȳ¹ǸļһӡҲҪȤࡣ
ԣӿЦ˵ǻô򵥡
Ϊʲô֪ӡһǲϲһһֹģæ׷ʵ
ˣ֪ˡȻӲԸ˵̫࣬ǺȻӡļ˵ӡҸһȰ棬ܲ;Ҫڵġ
ӡȻϴͷʵȴǲмһˡүͲŻү㲻ĻС椡
ӻո£ȻֹˡȻ΢΢鴤һ£ڨڨһЦû˵ʲôϽһкһ㡣Ҷ˵æˡ
Ҷŷֲ֪ʲôʱˡŶӦ˵ΪмǸԼĪһңӢ˲ʮҵֽԲʷĶһվ͸Ҷﻹг¹£ӡһǿѹơ
椶˪ƱɽѩĸԸվ벽ԶĵطƺܹԼء
ľüëһҶ˵
㣬Ҽˡԣ֮ǰǸҶһϥײѪıæ˵
΢΢ü
ľһ⣬ٶ˵һ仰ͬʱȴӿһĨůڲӵʱʶǸʱһ±ȴĳֲֻӵĽ̹١
ľû뵽˷ǣԼųҪмӵĳȻǵһСưɵαĵز˸оᡣ
ľȻЩɺֵһͬ˸м
ΪͲӵ׳һܻӡҲͬˡ
㿴ԼһѪʱܹѯʣȻӹһʹֵܹˡ
Ҷ｣üһĿһ˵ǡ
֪Ҷ仰ո˵꣬Ȼһ˹һһȭֱҶӡ
һԣͳ֣Ҷͳ¹£ӡû뵽ȴȻϰΪûҶﶯ֣ǲŽвء
ǴĳֲĽ̹٣ֵٶȣ顣ңĲҲǳľһ˲͵Ҷǰ
ٶȣڳ˶𺳡
¹£ӡڡ
¹£ӡǸ񶷸֣Ȼܹһ֣Ŀʵ
¹ºӡͬʱһݡʣ޷һȭΪԷٶȷǵ磬ޱȣһܣͷ·ǱڴеĶȻܳҧһ
ӡԼؿڡѹֺô֣µȰԼòҪǰ椶
¸ӡʮӣҲȥ
мֻ֣ҪԷ֣ܴжϳԼͶԷĲࡣ
ȻӡУԼ֮𡣸ͲһΡ
ңȻֵһȭԼǾԵֵסġ
ҶҲû뵽һԾͶ֣ңȻһĸ񶷸ֵ֡ĶȣһȭɱԼԴ
ҶﲻҴ⣬ܵĽ´ңһͬʱҶ̽һצץ
΢΢ЩȣȻֿһһѸٳҶצòƹȥ
Ǿ߽ɱҶţ๦򣬶һһµʽ
Ȼʩչ߽ɱҶһݣæ˾衣ǰŮ˾Ȼһⲫ֡
⻹Ҷ£ѹĵһѲĲ֡ңԲɱʱյ۷壬塣ҶһŨŨΣС
ҶȻʧȥ˼䣬ϾӶ֮Ѿ棬γ˲ɱıܡո߽ɱҶҶһתĴָʳָָ΢΢ӥצȻ͵ץš
һ£ǱҶץסƾҶָ繳ֲƻͻţֱ۵ϵ
ϾҲǱĸ֣״ͱ仯ʽ΢΢һһ㣬˲ʧҶצȻȻӣǹѺݺݵץҶš
ҶﱻһǹУ߹ٻϵϡҶﲻҴ⣬æſһ͵ǹ
飡
Ҷһ𣬻ڶЩһ׺ݾ׵ǹײ˿
һ֣͵زȻһȭٴαҶı
ĸ֡ûһһʽΣǱɱ
ʱոܺͺӺȻϢĳڶ¥Ҷ֮׺ݲɱ
ӣ˵Ҷ˭ʵʤһոܺȻʵ
Ӽ붼û룬˵ҶĲɱʵȻֲܿǰӦǾеĴ֡ÿһһʽ˲ҵɱƣжͲҶֵܹġȻܼɵҶ˵ȴɾҶԶԶ
ûбɣΪʵʵֲ̫ˡͬۺҹưɻ𱬵⣬ͨ˶ʮСǰҹưɵңǹƥʹĶʮС޵޲Լȡ
ոȴҡҡͷ˵ӣҪסһ顣
ս㣬˵ӱϹϾ˵
Ҷûеô򵥣ȻҲ֪֮䣬˭ʵʤһһֱҶܿ¡ո˵
˫֮ɫܹսоµˣƺడ
ս㣬ҪҪȥһ³ı˵ȻҶıҲ˵һ
ˡ֪ոȴ˵Ҷﶼǳ֮ңʵˣ㲻ҪݾߣǱġ
ԣֻε˵ǣ㡣
ոܺͺӶԻƬʱ䣬Ҷ֮ĲɱҲȻһ˿仯


382 طɱ
ƣҶŭˡȻһ֮ǰȴĲɱʽͱ
ңʱҶִһɺʹҶϸеĪѹ
ҶҲΨһһܹɱ˳ʱ仹ûܵĸ֡
Ը񡣵ԽǿԽ侲ֻԾǣҶԽԽǿңǳãȻܹԼıȡ
ʱҲҶ˻ֻȻһǹ㣬һܣ絶һǹȻ͵ĴҶࡣ
ɱСнǹ֣ǳҶﱻǹִ࣬ͻѿҶȻҲһе׺ݡҶﲢûоšһͬص㣬ǾԽΣգԽ׻ҡ
ֻҶȻһֺƻ§̫һ㣬Ѹޱȵİʩչǹֵֹؽڴְ󴦡Ȼ෴ķһĥ
̫ȭպɱУĥ̡
͸оԼһǹ˲б۶ϵΣաҴ⣬æ⣬һҶĥѳ
Ĳɱ֣һΣѡʱǼơ
ʱҶĿ˵˲ҡһʱҲò㡣㻹붯֣ҿԼ㡣ǰ椶ʵ̫ǿˣҶﶼɰԾ
ϵĳȻûٶˣǱ˵Ĳɱʵҵ֮⣬Ȼ֪Ǵ֧ġȻľͱǸ
ԣҶȴһ˵Ȼǽ֣ôȻˡûУʲô
Ҷԣһʱ
ȻǾеı֣ȴóԴǡۿڲŸҶĶ֡
ʱľæ˵㣬Ҷ˵ûȻǽ֣ͻˡҶңô˵ľұҶִˣ˵ҼˡܸлΪҳͷҲûԹҶҶҪңҲվ
ľȻҶһϥײѪ档Ҷﲢû֡෴ǡôֻľӱײһ£һıѪˡ
һ㣬ľȻ֪ͲԹҶ
ҶֻǿһȻΪհҶЩ۵ǣƫƫ椶ʵ̫ǿˡԼһʱò
¥ĺһ𾪵ĿҶãӲþĿ⿴ոܣ˵ս㣬˵ûҶʵǳǿȻܹͳƽɫ
ҶʵǿҲոܵϡҲãưҶЩţͷ»һӻˡ
ҶﵭĿһȻ˵ǱľҶ֮ǰôϰ࣬ԺҲôϰࡣ˵꣬Ҷת뿪ˡ
ΪĿһ뿪ҶһȻôɴࣿⲻӦ˵ǸɴˣһȻһ˦ƹ
ľû뵽ҶȻ˵ֻ⻰˵Ҳֱ̫˵˰ɡǰôģԺô棬ҲԤ
ľŹֵ벻֪ոҶ仰ʲô뷨᲻Ҷˡ
Ͼһò̫ˡ
¹΢΢üͷӡһֱڿˣҶȻôɴ˦ƹæ˵Ҷ磬Һͳ¹¸ʲô
һҶ仰ˡ
ӡЦ˵ҶҼһˡû֮һ
¹Ҳ˵ͷ
һűĹʣȴɶ¶ܡ
ԭΪҶλһ¹ѻҲչѵ֮ġ֪˼ѹûԼ
㣬ǡһȻСʵ
ǰôԺһôȻԹҲûκεȤЩˣǳɣҲǳ𣬲԰ţ֪ô
ԣɢˡȴǿҶȥıӰ΢˼һ
ʱӡȻЦ˵㣬Һͳ¹¸ø
Ѳߣưɷ¼˵
ϡԣӡͺͳ¹ȥ˴
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˵ĸоѾĲӦƸϰģǾưһү
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Ϊէԭ򡣳¹ºӡǸоԼ޷Ȧȥ¹µãǷǳ°ԸԼ飬ҲˣӡȴоΡͳ¹֮ĹϵңӡҲʱʱȥҶһơ
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صƼѧְ˯һҶԹ緹ȥ˰칫ҡûߵ칫ңӭһҴҵ
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Ҷͳһ˵˭ɵģ
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ԻȻҪ㶨ʦ̫ȻҪһЩ
֪طҪľȻʦ̫ǡöүҲؼԼãٻǣطɾͱˡֱӱү±һ١
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ҶȻʵطǼһ˵زأ
ãֻһЩƤˡүˣطɻãٻĻ´ξԻὫȴϡ
طΪʲôѧУ׷ٻҶ׵ġϴζүѾطɲҪٻˣһȻƨƨߵܵ˼Ҽ
Ȼǲļһﰡ
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ôش𣿡Ҷ￴һŹ֮ɫ
˵ѧУʦ̫չǿҵĹƣʧǰˡҵʱ򲻽ûʦ̫ݵ֣ӰѧУõĿڱѧУֽĻᶼһɥʧˡòʧ
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Ҷｫ֮ǰ̫ȭѡ޿γ̶ȥſʼϿΡ
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ֻѩѩһѧ̫ȭҶʾҪϿεʱĶʱ͸оᵽɤۡҶƺѩѩȻһʼ͵֡
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ĵʱͮͮһƬ
־־һƪߵ˵磬ҶʦȻôĿŵƫġҸұ֤ѩѩύ̫ȭѡ޿γ̱񴦿϶ûüϿεʱ䡣
Ц˵ΪҲ֪ؼҶʦʦ˭ĿΣѵ㻹ΪԸ˻ôʵʵѧУĹƶȣ
־æѧУĹƶȣԼ˵ġ
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ҲǿЦޱȵơҶʦ书ߣڲŸǷǳɫÿһ仰νֱһ˵
ҡҡͷ˵ȻҶʦ˵ǵѧУţǾ͵ѧУŰɡ񴦵壬ھȥ壬һ뵽ѩѩڿȥ
԰磬ѧУ񴦵ΡߣҲȥΡ־ʱüЦ
̫ȭγԺҶ͵ġ
ѩѩļüŪ۵ģĶӶ͸ˡΪĵټϺùۣѩѩ֪ĶҶ˼
ͬĺҶһ𣬾Ҷһûʲôµˣ䲻ѩѩǡ෴ѩѩҶһǳиԣңԸ൱أʦ
ò˫ȫŮѧˣΪʦһǴ˵еʦ
ģһȥԸɡҶ΢΢һЦ˵
û뵽ҶȻԼԷæ˵Ҷ磬ɲԴѩѩ
ҶЦһ˵Ͼˣ㻹顣
飿Ȼһ뵽ϡĸоԼĺȻС¹ֱײ͵ؿ֪ԼôҶ뿪Ƽѧġ
ô죬ô죿ĿͬʱҲڲ²Ҷ˵Լ顣
ҶԼһ뵽ܣĵӾһȡ
ģôˣô죬ð𣿡ҶȻĿһģæеʵ
ûûСľȵĺѷȥ·̫ˣеȡԲԣĪѿڶ˵
ҶˡĴĲడ˶ټ˶ȹ
ˡҶһߣܿ͵˿Ƽѧ渮ҡ
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384 ǵ
Ҳѹĺܾȡ渮ǿƼѧһҲ͹ݡ
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ľȵġһ
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385 ĺ
£׳˶ͳһΪҶֵٶ̫죬ַǳľԶԼ֮ϡ
Ҷס׳˶ӵţȻ΢΢þ׳˶Ӷʱ۵üͷһֱֻۺȻҶԴҶһЦȻ̤һһȭӵ°͡Ȼȭƣ׺ޱȵĻӵؿڡ
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ΪҶﱾܸоͺͺ֮ĹϵûԼеô򵥡ңղҶｫǳ͵Ļȫһֲڶ
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ȻҶʵסˣһԵĺСԼǿƼѧѧҶǿƼѧʦ֪ҶﲻΪԼ˵ҶģȻ޺塣͵ȭݵıɡ
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ҶⷬðСһֵҶǰҶҶʦ׽͸һʦ˵ҶԼôصĺ֣ǿԼںǵͲˡ
Ҷأ
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ôǳвԼƫƫúǣԼǸвҶҶղչ¶ıֶΣԻԼһ١ҶвԼԼȴûκѵѵҶ
δκͱ
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ǣһ˵ߡ
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һСλгµæӣ޺۸źˡ
ҲæȥҶߵʱͺȻ˵Ҷʦ޺Ǻȭݵ͹ʦֵܹϵǧҪСȭݹһĺ֮ͽ˵꣬ƺºԼҶߵ̫æ첽˰ᡣ
ĿʧڰᣬҶ˼һû֮ǰԼǷĺҶֵǱˮڣ˲ҲˡңԶ
Ҷﵣĵͻ᲻·
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ҶɹȻһЦȤҺ˭ѵҪ㱨𣿡
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ǰǰ仰ҶһģŭԲ۸糤ôӢֻúҹưôӰ󡣲źвŮԭ򡭡ȻҪԭҶֲ̫ˣĴԼһʱò˼ңҶŮһʶ
ʲô᣿Ҷ˵
еһҶ˵ճ
ҶȻааһЦ˵ȷҪô
ΪĹְ𡣡˵
ҰŹǶһӣҶȻС̽
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һͶ䣬ȷԼûԺȻĬĬغ뿪˺ҹư׼ȥϢһոһҹưɵĴţеһ˵Բۣ缸ûûɣȻûִˣ
һЦһ˵ûҲûȷûгִˡ
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źСһۣȻֱתߡȻ֮ǰһ仰ϴͷϴο³ʲôԽ˵ȥǾͲˡ˵꣬źСתͷֿˣظҡ
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ȵʲôҶ΢΢һЦʵ
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áҶﵹҲûпֱӽԱСƿǸɺ졣
ҶԸϡ椶ͦ˼ġȻҶ֮ԼȾƣǴʲô뷨ǾһŮʵôǿᣬվһŮˡÿææҲͦ۵ġ
ҶｫƱݸ
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ս㣬ҶȥϢˡ⣬ȻܹóֵֹȾơ˽һ㶼ƺոΪս㡣ҲΪһֱոܵԵʡ
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ҹưȴûפݳ˸߾ưҵգҲûһЩԱһЩǳ׵ĽĿ
ȻȻưһפݳԱݡҹưȴԼһ׽߳淨
죬ҹưഺŮӱݻĸ赸þưɵһһε˸߳ܶ˿ͶŭഺŮӵ֡
߷赸ոĻһӣһ첽ഺŮӵ깬ӣȥ
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ҹưɵıҪӦԾưɵĸķңҪưһЩŶӡҲǺҹưɺѰư
ѰưΪĶһЩԱ۵ͣͨҲȥЩԱǷ⵽ƹ˿͵Ŀͣ§֮⡣ɺҹưɾͲһˡ
ҹưɸ˵ȫոܵľӪԭ
ľӡסӺȻȻŭͻȻһƳľϣŭȵҹ
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ңңԵȴңľô֮һȴľͿʼԥ
Լִӣ϶ոܣҹưͣҵ١һǻѪǳжľԸ⿴ġ
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һ̬֮Ͱѹ˿͵ΧۡһЩ˿Ͷľָָ㡣
һй˿͸˵һ㶼û뵽ľȻôû˳һһҡ
Ҳǣôûˣñ򡣡Χ۵Ĺ˿ֵòûƣһ޲ɿ𣬰ִ
ԣӡҪȥȴľסľȻҧ˵ӡոܺ;ưɡ
ӡһ㶣֪ľǹ˼ɰһٱ۵ոܺ;ưɡ
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ԣӡεЦЦûмˡ˵ʵҪҶͻȻֹԸӴĻˣǻˡ
Ϊ߳¹ʣͷͳ¹Ҳ˹ľͷͳ¹Ҳһŭ壬Ŀ·˶ɵҰޡǿҶԳǶԺеŭͼˡ
󣬼ҶֹҪͽȥһ𱩴ӵӡͷͳ¹ҲֻڨڨһЦûٶˡҲԼȭͷأһŭ֮ʧִӡ
ҶĴͷͳ¹¶Ҷӡ˲١
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˵꣬ҶתͳԼŲ̋ȥ
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Ҷ˵ͷеĺơ
΢΢һǼΪ䵭ӣ˿ȴȻҶĳֹ
뿪֧زӵʱ䲻ˡʱȻǺܳȴҲԲ̶̵̡ʱʶ̫ΪԼͬˡ
ᣬƺǮܵġ
ҲֻнǮܹÿһŸġڽǮǰеһж԰ֽȴû뵽ղҶѡȴǰࡣ
ľǻưɾԻľίȫĵӵǸȻ˽¸ľһǮ
ЩУ·ǮܵġʲôֵǮ
ҶȴȻͬ򵥴ֱȴ⡣ҶǾֵܡ
ܹҶİľԼֵܣҪȻҲǷǳ׺ݵĶ⡣Ժŵ˵ҶȵǶӴ˺ľӱʮӻҪء
ңղԴҶϸܵŨŨɱȻҶεĺܺãɲǼɱǸоˡҶŭˡ
ûľֵܣҶôܻΪһİ˶ŭ
û˵ʲôǷǳҶﵹһơȻԹԵĵһһ
°ҹ㻹ǸһȥϢɡҶеĺƺȻ˵
֪ȴҡҡͷ˵˵֪ΪʲôţСϴͷȥϢ
Ҷһ㶣ЦЦ˵ҹ塣
˫ȻҶ۾˵Сʱ֮ǰĿڸղǸӵͣʮӡϴּ䶼࿴ǸۡһʼͿӻ¡ֻû뵽ӾȻôòȻѡʼδͬʱҲǳΪ㼰ʱֹľͲᰤһơ
ҶһĿʱĵ˵㲻һֱľһƲĹ
Ȼҡһеĺ˵û´Һһ°ҹȥϢҲġ


388 鷳
ҶһȻ󵭵һЦ˵Ϊ˵ḻġƩ˵һŮͻôӽȻôȥҶȻһ˵òҰɣ
ûŮѣ㻹лġҶ˵
仰ǻ֮ǰԻӾҶʱƺҶⷬ޶ԣɵ˵Ҷ㲻òƴڻתҵע
˵ܹµÿһ仰ÿһͼͷҲܹµǰ鱨֣۹ǳˣȴͷ
ѾƵôˡҶƴڻԵ̫ˡ
ҶЦһ˵ǺҲһҹһһ˳ԱȫҲ˵ҪҺڡңոܿĹͬλнʴ˵ǷǳߵֲΡ
ֻҪ⣬úøȥҲܹһݺܲҶһںơ
û˵ˡ
ǰȻе㸡䣬ֻصȴһŹȵġ
Ҷֱ۸о
ң֪ΪʲôܹܵҶĺܹµһǹڲԭ棬ûһǰеͬ顣ֻҶûбֳóԼֳֻһСå
Ҷ˼άܣźǿĸԭ򣬲Һеĵһо
ҹưɷȻӲոܵĶ䡣ոȴûкǳ߰ҶƸһҪȥҵ¼
ոܵĿĶż¼ӵһһȻһ˵֪ЩһﲻݡҲáҪͷѪŻ֪ԼмＸ
Ӹոܶ꣬Ȼܹһ۾ͿӺľͻûбϿô򵥡
ӺȻ˵ս㣬ҪҪֵܺڴϡһն׵Ķ
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үǣˡǺӶҶʱӡѹսôҶҶΪݲܡҶȻڲݡ
ոֻǿһ¼¼ûκȤȥעˡ
ոܻԼİ칫ҡ
ҶҹţСԼϴͷ׼ʱְࡣҶЩȵǣͷľӡ¹¾Ȼû뿪Ǹʲôȥʲô
ҶﲻɿЦ˵ǣ
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ܹôıɽŮ߿һ۵ͷôһˣ
ͷΪµһֵڻؼʡ׵ʱŮѱ۸ˡֵǸ߸ӵܱһ٣ɲзƲһͷıӰ˵ͷҪֵܳٳ߸ӵܵĸĸǿ뾡һа취÷ԺоֵͷԼȴܲҵıץסЩǹС
ͷӪܻʧȥĻᣬҲҪͷƽ飬ûб׷Ρ˵
ҶʱͲ˵ʲôˡͷĺȴԵĸе塣ͷٷ֮ʮ˶ֻԼҵһĶֵءмͷ壿
ͷ⼸æǰæҶЦһȾơҶ̬Ҳ˾޴ĸı䡣żģһ
ҶǳĬûѯʶԷ顣Ҷʧȥ˼䣬֪Լǰ飬򴿴ǲ̸Լκ顣˶˷ǳһµĬڲ
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ܿ͵°ҹ
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鷳ˡ
Ҷ̧ͷ档ȻһȺڣȾŸɫ͵Ȼźҹưɳ˹
飡
Ϊ׵һ׳˶Ĵһ߿ҹưɵĴţ˽׺ݵĿһɨȵ˭Ǿưɵϰ壬ӹ
׳˶Ĵһŭһӣ½֮ǰǸҶ⣬ֱľһȭߵӷ˳
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ҶǾˣʶӻѪʲôĿˡ
״ҶﳤҲվǿ׳˶Ĵ˹ȥͷ¥ȥ˾
Ҳͷ⡣ȻǶǾо񣬲ʵһţơԷ˶ڣʮˡһȺս˭Ҳܱ֤Լ𡣱ϾۣȭʦǺġ
˭Ҷ˹ȥʵ
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ҶĿͱ絶һȻһǿ׳˶ĴȻû뵽ԼʮСܹԷȻ֣
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׳˶ĴʹŭҪҶﶯ֡ûκζҶѾ򶶶ֺһ˴ǹһ㣬Я׺ݾ׵ƣһǹȭȻ̶ݺݵغڴ󺺵ļ
һȭ
ͷ˳ȥͬʱɫֳһƬ֮ɫһ˿ѪζһѪƲס˳
飡
󺺺ݺݵںҹưɵĴϡ
ϴ󱻴ˣ󺺴ʮͺۣͳҶ˹ȥǸշӦҶѾһ󺺲˽£ȵ˭һԿ
ʮסˡǿ̼ϵľʹǶôɵŸʲôŪ
ԣʮСҪۿ̬ϾҪһƬˣͷæžڵĳʮС졣ҲһҶǰһʮҪҶﶯ֣Իڵһʱ䶯֡
ڼһսʱ򣬺Ȼһҽаšꡱ쳹
ʮСҶµϴ󣬿󺺡ֻԼ֣ʹĴҽУҵָȶˡ


389 ȥ
Լͷָ۶ϣ¶ɭɭ׹ʮС뵹һ
Բۣһʵ̫׺˰ɡ
ЩС춼ԼһݽɫˡһҶһͲȶϴָͷһĿⶼ¶˾֮ɫ
ʱһСȻһ˵һȻ˵¸磬һ𣬴ȻһҪôһӣҪôǱġ
ʮСܵƻһԼʮֵܶ⡣һһڿˮҲȫܹԷ£ʮСŭһ⳯Ҷٴγ˹ȥ
֪ҶֻǱĿһ۸ղǸƻ˵Сһۣӹһ˿ζЦݣȻҽ͵̧Ȼ䡣
꣡
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һžͲȶ˵¸ȡղյƻƸոձȼС״ͬйƤһĺһ
Բۣҹưʲôʱһλô׺ݵĽɫ
ν׵ºݵģݵ²Ҫġǰһ޺ЦݵԾֲֺҪġվڵ¸ǰۿʮС졣·ʮС϶㡣
ȻʮС쿴ҶһºЦʱ󼹱һƬ
ղǸƻСҶСʱҲˡ
ʱȻʮСȺָ̽繳͵ץסղǸƻ˴ҶСĻͷһͬʱϥǣûͷСݺݵײԼӲϥϡ
ͷС߶ûһһ˹ȥ
ֽѪײ˵ĻͷСһԣӹСϡС쿴ͷСĲ״һеһӽŵװֱԺĿⶼĺһ
ֻҪ̫죬̫ˡһգ۵Ĺ򣬸ղŻҪҶĻͷСһڵϣ
ǵ͵ǹͷ
ʶҶ׺ݣֱıֶ𺳣ʮСѾ⡣
ģԭΪôֵӵġ֪ȴߵϡ
Լϴ󣬵¸綼Ūˡ
ʱҶȻͷһ۵¸磬ĿɨѪϢٵӡӸܵҶĿ⣬СĲæ˵磬磬ҵ£ҾһȺԱǻǮϷҳӵġ˵ƺҶٰһ٣תˡ
״ͷĿɿڴԲۣ갡ҸӶʱˡȻȺԱ
ҶҲЩСȻеͷ֪ұ˳ӣҪʦȺԱ
ҶȴںЩСʲôʽҺҹưɵĳӡҪǽư֮ڷκ⡣ԣҶ˵ҲܹҺҹưɵĳӣҳҲе㼼òã
ҶĵĿһ۵Եĵ¸磬˵Լ˶ھͿԵը졣
һСʱĵͷ˼ٿǮȺԱ˵ǵͼ͹л̻̲ˣҶղһĵĻЩСѷȥ
˶иá
ӾվбǹӰƫƫЩСҶôƵĻȴûһ˸Ҷ֡ͷСѪԼ˵ߡǳǰ֮
˻ͷǰ֮˭Ҷﶯ֣ǹϵԼ̫
Ҷһŵ¸磬˵ϻȥɣҳӵˡģֶξͱˡҪ´ã쵱סˣ˵ҪһЩȥǡ˵꣬ҶҲһȺС쾫֮ı飬Ȼͷ˵ȻŪǾưɣǿͣȥһµϵѪ
һȺСͬʱ˳顣ûסԲۣġʲôŪǾưɣǸֲŮִŪĺòã
һȺСĺίҲܱϴ󻰻û˵ͱ˷˲˵ĩˣһ޺Цݵ껹һƵҪѪ
Сƣ̧ܱԼϴ󣬵¸ˡͷľæЦȥϴּˮͰϰѣ׼ϵѪϸɾ
һڱܵϴּ䣬ľȻһЦ˵ͷ㷢ûղǻͷСвҶ磬òƺ
ԣԡҲǵһοΪһ˶֡ϴͷȻ˽
źСҲΧ˹ӡǸ죬ҲЦĲͽڳ¹£ǷǳĮӣֻĬĬװˮ׼ϸɾ
ͷ˷ۣ˵۾ûϹôῴǰ˳ƢǿԼİԵġڰԵʱѹǡ˵꣬ͷϰƵĳϴּȥ
ľ۾Ȼ컨壬˵ղ˵ʲôȥˣ˼ûϢã˥˵ˡ
ϴͷţС˷ۣȻɢȥˡ
ͷǽϸɾ˿˵ˣҶȴǴȥǸνı칫ҡ
칫ңҶȻŷˡȻӰ칫óһ
ôҶҲ˵֪ҶǾԲʲôġ
һֱҲһΡ
ۿҶӱóë̺֪Ҷʲôˡ
һһһϰɡҶȻЦЦ̺ڵϡȻִһͷ̺档
ë̺Ҷӵ̯ġɫʿҰչѵõĶ֪ΪʲôҶһۿɫĵ̺һϤĸо
ֻǿһǾɫ̺Ȼʹ󷽷ȥ
ҶҲǰȥ˵
ȻһЦ˵ȻЦݺܶݣҶﻹǲ׽ˡ
ЦݸҶһ־޾׵ĸо
Цݺ֪ǲǹʹҶȻ˵仰
ԣɫʱȻ۾
ʱľӡ˾ȻҶһ˱칫ע
ҳٿǮҶͳôӦԽ鷳ľӿڴͳٷϡ
Ҳ٣ľ˵ȷġţСϴͷӡͳ١
Բۡľһ˶ԼעʱµǶҶһģ˭ׯ
ׯľ֮ǣͷȻӿڴͳһſ˵Ϲضǧ壬ҶҶͳѾ˯ˡ
ҸͷׯҲǧ塣ľ֮һĬԵĳ¹ºȻҲӿڴͳһſ
ͷ˻һľĿɿڴһ𺳵ԸӡӡǺܿŵ˵ԲۣҶôͣȻôݵʱ˳㡣
֪ͷӡһۣЩͳ˵㲻ܰҹȻֲԸҶһе顣˵գͷȻЦ˵⣬㳾Ҷڰ칫˯ҲǷֿġΪҲµûҶǰҲǸһеġһбŮһ˯Ķһǳ顣˵Ҷͳֱĸˡ
ľȻ𺳣ȴûӡôšֻͷ˵㲻ܰҹԺһɫЩ䡣
ʱӡȻСʵͷΪʲôܰҹ


390 ү
¹ҲǶһ
ͷһ۳ĬľˣȻ̾һȻʵǾóҶ˭ʵǿ˭ʵ
¡ӡæ˵
ʱ¹ȴȻ˵ǡ
ϳ£ʲôǣӡüͷ˵ѲóĲɱʵҶ绹ǿ
š¹ص˵ͷ
ӡʱһ𾪡ľȴһоԾ
ȻҲ֪ʲôˣ֪ǳȫʢʱڣҶδػǳĶ֡¹Ȼŵ˵۹ݶҲ׼
¹˵ûͷӹ˻ͷ˵ܹˣһˡȻȬ߰˰ˣվһЩ˺ÿϰҹľ񶼻ήҲӦԲˡ
ӡͱ𾪵˵ˡ
¹ȴǺȻĬû֪¹ЩʲôֻͷĿȴɨһ۵ͷĬĳ¹¡
ˣǶǮҡˣγ¹Ҳעˣһһǧͷ˵꣬ľ˸һǧȫսˣȻ˵˭ȥҶ磿
ȥɡϵǳ¹ºȻ΢΢һЦ˵ȥһЩ
ţǾͳ¹ȥɡͷ˵
ԣҲûʲôˡ
ոܵİ칫ҡ
ոɻôæµʱ򣬺ӺȻ˵ս㣬ҶͳѾ鴦ˡ
šոͷҲû̧һ£еϡ
ʱ̲סȻ˵⣬һսӦѾ֪˰ɡ
˵꣬СĿոܡ
ոϵ˫ֺȻزһ£Ȼ˵˵ؼҴСҪǿƼѧ飿
ǵģս㡣æ˵
ܻ𣿡ոܺȻɬһЦ
ʱ򣬺ӺȻ˵ս㣬ǲԴСڵĲҵѾʣˣҲľưɣֻʣһС˾ˡѵ㶫ؼҶҪ𣿡
Ӻǲޣһŭݡ
ԭؼҵĶҲĶѡؼҵǮȴûгΪؼҵˡؼҪЩջȥҲ֮СոܺȻ¾ӺȻֳһĨƣ֮ɫӣЩ꣬Ҳˡ
ͷһһɱӿͷ
ڶһҶˡ
ë̺ȻһЦ˵ҲֻҶżЦݡͷ˿Զһޱϲɫ
ҶЦЦ˵е䡣ȥһ˯һá
áȻ˵ͷ
Ҷ򿪱칫ҵĴ߳ȥʱ򣬷ԱѾڿʼɨˡ
ҶľţСϴͷһ޾ɡʣǶѾ֪˽
һ¹ʾôȥ֮һЩעǹͷͳ¹¸ǻᱻ䵱ѡԺ󣬴һȥԷ裬Ƥ˵ľЩǮ
Ҷ磬硣ľȻһȻһۺԶĳ㣬æƨƨߵĸҶһ·
£ҶľٶЩ죬æʵ
Ҷ磬Ǹһ𣿡ľȻ˵
ʲô£ҶӺˡ
ǸȿȣҶ˽˽ֻǺ棬һʣԲ˵ġ˵꣬ľæٵʵҶ磬˳㣿
Ҷ΢̣һĨ˵Цݣ˵˵Һһ˯飿
ԣԣԡľһ˷ܵļʵҶ磬ǲ˯һŵ̺棿
Ҷ˵ͷȻҡҡͷһص˵ľ֪ǲǱһ˯
ԣԣԡľ˫۶˷ܵĹâ
ҶȻصЦЦ˵֪ˣǧҪ˵Ȼ˺εġҶⷬģɵĻͼᶨľе뷨
ҶѾ˳㰡Բۣһš
Ҷ磬ģľǳʵˣһ˵ġľæ˵
ã㡣ҶȻؿľһۣ΢΢һĨ޵Ц⡣
Ҷո뿪ҹưɣľٶȳŴȥѯһţȷϳ뿪ԺľͽҶղǷģɵĻͼӴ׵ĸˡ
ͷЦһ¹ҡҡͷ֮⡣ӡڵһš
ôϴͷ˵ûɡҶˣ㶨Ҳͷַ顣ľһNɪ˵
ϴͷСһĿľ
ʱЦһͷȻ˵ˣľ֮⣬Ҷ°ɡ
աȻҶϵıϵıʱ򣬶ͷбϸ
˶ɢȥԺľȻͷ˵ͷҵһ³¹𣿡
ͷص˵ͷһص˵˵¹ںŽֵʱ򣬹һ֡ʱ䣬ϸң¹һֱСĽ⳾㡣Ȼ֪¹»ҹưΪʲôСûȥиһ³¹£סһһĽɫǧҪСĽҪ¶š
ԣľ͵˵ͷ˵ǣͷ
صƼѧְᣬҶϴˢϣͽӵطɵĵ绰طһ˵Ҷ˵˰ɣ
˵ˡҶﵭ˵
طһȻ˵ҶүǺǵˣ㲻ԸȥطɲǿҲԲǳ߿㡣طȻֵӣȴû˵
ҿ϶Ըȥȥ䷹ǾˡҶһů΢΢һЦ˵
طɺȻЦ˵ʮһ룬渮ңɶܵ㣬ֻҪٿǮ򵥡
Ҷݺݵرطһ٣ȻӦһҶ˵绰һȻŰ
ʮӵʱĺȻһ绰Ҷ˵ҵһݼְĹԺͿԿԼԼˡ
Ҷæѯҵʲôְ֧֧ᣬ·Ը˵ȻĲԸ˵ҶҲǿֻҶȴһۣҸģҪΪǮһʱϡ͸оЩίڸյŮӣֻӦһ˵֪ˣҶ硣
ԭҶһԷģȻ뵽طɵ顣룬ҶﻹǾԺ˵ɡ
ʮһ룬Ҷ׼ʱϵ渮ҡǡҦԶγҲһ˹ҶȻһصĶҶ˵ҶȻҦԶط˵ǧˡ
ҶʱʵΪʲô
̾һȻתָҦԶγ˵˾֪ˡ
֪ҦԶγͬʱ˷տյĿڴȻ˵ǶûǮ
ҶЦ˵ûǮҶطɣʲôϵ
ûϵҶ仰ҦԶˣ˵ϵء
Ҷʵˡ˵գҦԶҶҶС˵һ¡ҶɫŹ


391 
ҶѾ֪˵ʲôˡ
ҦԶҶļһĳ˵Ҷʱ˿˵û㡣Ҫ֪֮⣬Ƕط˵Ŀ
İɣطܲˡҶ΢΢һЦ˵
ţһҪط˵³һ޺Ȼ˵
Ҷǽ˰ʮ˺ŰᣬطǶˡҶǽطͶЦݽеĲ˵ƵҶǰһƵ˵Ҷ¼ǵֵܣȵ㡣
طּһ䣺ǧҪͣɶ㡣
ǸոպҶкҶԻᱻطɺƵƭ
ȻȻطɶô˵ˣҶȻ˼£Ҷһӣʲô͵ʲôһԵطɿֱ鴤絶طѾ⣬һҶԼ򵥡ҶûǮĻǾЩһ渶
Ҷһʮˣһ΢Ц˵طɣ治˼ǲǵˣ˵ĻǾһɡϣô
طȻ۲ѡִҲҪӵˡæܸɴ˵û£ʮ˶ѡطɽӹ˵˵ǻҪʲô𣿡
æ˵طɣѲ˵ùҳ򿴡ֻ΢һۣרҶû㣬ȴȽϹĲˡֵˣŽ˵ݸҦԶ˵طɶѾˣֵǶҪ˭ǿֵطɡ
˵ġطֵܾͲֵ𣿡ҦԶһ˵һߵˡһˣҦԶŽ˵ݸγ˵ΣҪطɿ˵ˣ渮Ĳ˷١ǵˣ»졣
ķȷе١γһ˵һ߽ӹҦԶݹĲ˵ȻγûҶҦԶһ͵ˡγԥһ˶ԺطɵƤ
кȻֳһǳŹֵͷ⼸һﲻԼɣ
ԺȻֳͷطͳһۣ͵͵شҶҦԶγֻۣҶҦԶγ۹۱Ǳǹĸûдͨһ˼
ѵԼˣطЩɲˡ
ܿ˾ˣȻ˵Ϊطɾׯǲȼ
ãáҦԶһվ͡
γҲ΢Цŵ˵ͷ
֪طһƣиûˡϲӳӵ͡״æԷԱ˵Աһơơ
ȻЦĶط˵ơƣϲ
طһĿ˵첻Ȱ׾ƣ¡
ǾͲȰ׾ơǺܸɴĴӦˣȻԷԱ˵ԱƿǸɺ졣
ԱæͷȻ뿪
ʱطɺȻС˵ҾֻһǧǮ
һǧ鹻ˡЦЦ˵
ԣطǳ鴤һȻ˵ǮȻȥٻһҪð
æ˻֣˵Ǿֱȥȡ¡
طɶʱͲˡѾȻһҪҸ֮󼪡
ڵķ˺ܿˣȻ¶ۼĳҶҦԶʹһɫ
˼ķǳȷҶҦԶһطɡطҽˡ
ҦԶҶĵ˵ͷ
ȻһٳԺطɺȻ󺰶ۣ˵Ǽ治˼ϸϴּ䡣
ʱҦԶȻҶʹһɫȻӴһҲ˵Լۡ
طɣպҲϸϴּ䣬ͺһȥɡҶ΢΢һЦվ
طһ㶣һҶֿһҦԶﻹ᲻⼸һ϶˽׼һ
طɲûе¡νˮڣ㹻Ӧ԰취
ǾһɡطЦЦ˵ȴ뵽ѾģȻϴּСʱͲŸСʱ
ȻҶţҦԶϴּһȻҶС˵Ҷȥ֪ͨˡ
ҶĿһҦԶȻ˵ͷ˵á
Ҷ֪ͨγ뿪渮ҡȻ뿪֮ǰǰֽ̨˵طɻ򵥡
ǲǵһ渮ҳԷˣǰֽ̨΢Цŵ˵ͷû˵ʲôˣҶһ뿪ˡ
Ҷ뿪渮Ҳû߶Զһغ衣
ԼĪСʱȥԺطɲһܻĴ渮˳
һƺѾ²⵽ҦԶγҶѡʲôطô绰طɾҵ渮ҵһСݡطȴûʡҲ˼ʡ
ӣطɺȻһ޺Ȼ˵ߣȥٻҡ
طһԱ飬кˬ졣Ȼ˵طɣòôȥɣ
γæǣ㡣ѵôȥ𣿡
ԣطһ㶣ɥŭ𣺡Щһﻹ˵һż˰
˳ǧࡣطɼҪɱˡ
ҶһԾĿطɣȻֿ˿ҦԶҦԶʼһûϵı顣
ʱȻǰļСҶ˵˾ǧѿǮҺγһһСҪƿǸɺ졣û꣬渮ˡҶȣ´νҾˡ
Ҷǳѵĵ˵ͷȴΪطɸеγһȻݰ
ɱ˲ѪӾطǧˮƯ
طɣ֮ǰǿڿ˵ǧǮĳԺȶ˵ƨγ˵
طɶʱһ졣
Ҷ֪طʲôԸˡһе㸹ڣҲе١ȻҲһϲӵļһ
ϾֻʣôһǮˡǵãҲѡûᣬƫƫѡ죬ԿطɺȻ̾һƨƨߵĶҶ˵ҶǮûǧˡ
ǮطɵӴ򹷡ҶγȻ˵
ԣطͻתӳγ˹ȥγô˵õģӸ㡣
һطɾ͹ԹԵȥȡǮˡȻһõ廨彣ͺƺƵĳŶٻʻȥ
һõ壬ҶͲĿЦһ꣬ղſڿ˵ԼûǮˡתʹȡȡһ
طһﲻɽ¶ˮȴһʵʵڵ
Ҷһ뵽ǰٻңп˵еĶүٿһõ壬Ҷһ˵ıŤΥ͸С
ܿ죬Ӿ͵ִ˶ٻҵ档ֻطɿͣŵһʱ˾Ǳס˲ӣ˲١


392 
طһҶ֪ҪԵվҪȥԡ
ҲǿЦһ
ʱҶȻطɵļ˵߰ɡ
طɺȻһЦ˵Ƕȥɡ
Բۣطɣ˵ʲôȻһȭݺݵشطɵļϣطɴĲһģƨڵϡ
طȴûùһĨůֵܶһȺѡ
طɺȻʵǲ£
Ҷﵭ˵һүѵͷ۲ɣ
ԡγҲ˵Ц˵˵ʵѰСܹҲֻŰķݶ
߰ɣ¸񡣡ҦԶȻȳǰȥ
Ҷ΢΢һЦҲȥ
һ˺ܿ͵ִ˶ٻıطɺ¶үͻȻ䷢ѣæܵҦԶǰ棬ٻ
ԣҶɵˡ
꣬Ѿ׵Ļսʦ̫ģ
ҦԶγǰΪطÿ˶ôŵĶʦ̫ҵı󺰣ٻҳ
Ϊطһ亹ʱʦ̫ٻȻ߳˱
ٻޱĿһطɣ˵طɣ
֪طȴһЦ˵֪ڼҡ
ԣʦ̫ٻɫʱһ䣬ࡣͬʱſ˳˵طɣǲŰ֪ҸڼңȻƨƨߵܹŰҿԺȷĸ㡣ڲߵĻһҸ練Ӧˣ߶߲ˡڸϽ̣ϸ
ǹ˼Լڱٻƻֱŭطɹˡ
֪طȴûûƤĺȻ˵ٻǱҰ
ʱطɵɫȻһ䡣
㣿ſڲ֪ʱ߳һ˫ۺɷꡣͦɣǶһվͬһǹһ
˫ۺɷĺ꣬طɫʱͷǳˡ
үĿطɣȻĿɨһҶˣ˵˵ôҼңԭǴ˰֡ҲãȻǶˣҲûҪ뿪ˡ˵գү֡
ܿʹļʮӡ
ҶγĿɿڴû뵽үظҶôСܡ
үĿһطɣߵһ˵һȡ
ǣθ硣æͷӦĿⷺһ˿طɡ
ʱԭޱĶٻ˲ͽĶԶү˵磬طҵͬ£뿪ɡˡ
үɷ˫Ŀ͵ĿһԼãٻҡҡͷ˵С
ٻƺ֪Լ磬үôشԼæطɵ˴߰ǡ
үҡҡͷʮͳҶΧ£ȥүߵǳط߹ȥ
ȥطɡҶȻ˵
áæ˵
ʱطһĿǰꡣǽһٵǸһ
״ٻ꺰磬뿪ɡ
ԣҡҡͷ
طɺȻһ˵Ҫ־ɡϴεǱˣҪ㡣Ȼطɿܴ󣬵ȴĺһͿԿһǵ͵ǿиɡ
һЦѹͽطɷ
طȻǺǿƼѧʦ˵ǵּԺԲơ
ţȻһ˲͵طɵǰӭһȭ
طҲʾͺȻطɸͲֳɱɱǳḻĸֵĶ֡
ֻһ棬طɾͱһȭϣһЩһƨڵϡ
Ŀĳط˹׼طһȵʱĿȻһâ
㻹ϵطһȣҶĿޱʵ
ǡ˵Ǹɾ䡣
ҿ㲻ˬҲϵһȡҶĵ˵
ԣ˫Ŀ˵ĹâЦһ˵Ҳÿû¡
Ͼͻ֪ˡҶȻһͬһƥһ㳯˹ȥ
״һҶٶȺܿ죬ƱˡҶᵽһŨŨɱȻǰԼԼɱ
ۿҶɱӭȥһȭҶıǵ͵Ľͷɱзһĵط֮һһͻöԷڶʱɥʧս
ҶһЦԴһƫ׾ͱܿһȭҶһֺһ˴ǹ͵سĺ˹ȥ
ɱСѣһһ
һæһܿҶ׺ݾ׵һǹȭҶһ̺ܲ±Ⱥһһݺݵسն䡣
ǲɱĸ֡һ֣֪ҶҲһĸ֡
ΪҶĴ򷨷ǳ򵥸ɾ䡣ûκηӵʽзȫһɱ˿ˮ
ۿҶһ;׵Ĳ߳Լն䣬ɫڱˡ
Ҷָֽ֣㲻ܺˣֻǰ塣ˣҶͻûԷƵĿֲƳѹνɥʧȻһ
ѾûطˣȻһŭҲһű߶ҪҶֲޱȵĲߡ
ҶĲߺݺݵȹϡ
꣡һһɾʹϮɫ䣬һģǡñ¶ҶĹ֮¡ʱҶȥƲ䣬һϣͽ߷ɳȥԶ
ڸղҶӲƴһţҶ̺ĿֲҶһž㹻Ѫˡ
ʱγҦԶѾʮȺսһ
ȻγҦԶǽģʵǿܲԷ˶ࡣܿͱݺݵһ١
ʱҶȻһŭ𣺡ôס֡
վڱſڵĶүȻô׾ͱҶܣɫʱ䣬Ͷߵ˵Ū
ǣθ硣
硣ٻæ
ү˲ŤһĿ¶ɱ
ԣҶ˫ͱɱһ۵ϵ˵˹ȥһŲϡ
ĺӣҲסҶһŲ̤ͷҽ
үĽüһеɷʤˡǳĶս
ȥŪҶĺһ𾪵ĿҶһﹻݰ
ҶһŲϣͳ˹ȥҶҲŭˡ
үţ
ܿ죬ͺҶɱһ𡣲ĲɱʵȻȻһʵҪǿġңҲǸɾ䣬˿ˮĽɫ
ܿϧҶ
ֻǽһһͱҶһһϣͱҶ߹ǣһѪ˳ɫ˲Ͳ԰ȥһƣֱӱҶһǲ߷ɣڵ
үߵ֣Ҷ赭дĽطɣγҦԶһ֡ʮӸ𺳲ѡ
ζǶθߵĸ֣˵һʮһǾûκġɾô׺ݵǱ˼׸ſ¡
״ʮæתӳųӱȥܿʹӳӵĺóһʮѴ󿳵һһѴ󿳵ͳҶ˹ȥ


393 үЭ
ʱҶȻ̧ͷɫ˼Ķү˵ԡû㣬һȫˣʬ
ʮӣҶüͷûһ¡
үǳ˳顣Щ꣬ôţƺĸ˵ʲôʱ˸ôţƺĶԼ˵ˣ
磬ֳˡٻԼɫĿɱ֣֪ԼҪˣæŶүС˵
ҶֻĿһ۶ү˵Ҷɱ͸Ͻ֡㣬Ҳպʡȥô鷳
ٻһԾĿҶڶٻûĸҶôĺԼ˵⻹ԼһμǸһ޺Цݣ̫ȭҶʦ
ǶٻطɣγҦԶоʱҶƺ÷ǳİˡ֮ǰطɵ˵УҶǲûʲôżţѧֽĸƯʲôġ
ڣطɵȴ粻ʶҶһ㡣
ʱҶվм䣬һɽκ˶޷Խĸɽ
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үԼһĺ֮ɱ˵ĲȻȻһɱʱ͸ܵҶҲɢµɱңɱ֮ǿԶԶҪԼϵǿ̫̫ˡ
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һԲ뵽ԼǰôԺٻġ˵ƨƨߣȫ̧̫Ҷˡ
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һԵưɵķԱ࣬㿴ʱŵüһ
ʱҶĿȻϣû˿ĸ飺ưɵķԱ˴ˣΪʲôûг棿
ҶӣһʱоԼԵĲһˣһͷŭҰޡ
ԣæ״ε˵ңҡ
Ҷӹһ˿ɭĺ⣬ȻһƳϣֱӽ˳ȥݺݵԱߵһŲ̋ϡҶ˫Ŀȼһ
ԴʧѹԺһһֱչԼҶУѾĵԼáı˳һ⣬ǹµʹҶĵĳšͬʱҲҶǱڵ׺ݡ
Ҷ硱Ҷַ꣬һƳ㣬һæűסҶС˵Ҷ磬Ҫٴˡ
ſңġҶȻĵ˫֡ʱһȾƵĿ࣬׳˶ӺȻһһȭҶԴ


395 ٵĳ
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ǹĶȻѧȴһֱǴһĺˡټϣٹܻˣǳԺһۿٹһİˣȭݵĽʹŭһһҳҶɱ
ʱҶոĵ֣ȭݵĽԼɱҶȻһ§ıˡ
Ĳܿǿ׳˶ƴһȭԺҶȻķſһһ׳˶ӳ˹ȥ
ǿ׳˶ȭݵһۿҶﳯԼ˹һЦȻһһ˶һȭЯ糯Ҷıȥ
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һİӡŭˡ˲ͬ¹ϵ˽Ҳһ㲻Ϊ֪Ůϵ
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ԣ̧ͷҶȻʵҶ磬ǲǡҧҧСʵǲһֱҵÿ
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磬㲢ոܵ˼˽ġ֮ǰƲҶϴҶľͷԺ󣬺ӶҶĺøоֱͬʱҶҲԵĸе塣
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397 ոܵ
Ź˾ƲҲͰˣؼս㸸ױ̫̫ծ񡣶ңЩծǮÿһǮǳˡǡҲʱྩŴ壬ؼһֱ׷սزˡ˵Գսĸ׻еծסսҵļŹ˾ƲǰսҪӦ顣
սͶ·һҧӦزز־սҵļŹ˾ԺսȴˣԸ޸ྩȦĻӴ٣ز
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ֻսû뵽زĶСս뿪Ժ߳ŭزͿʼսļŹ˾ѹѹǸҪսΪ˵˻Ҫݡ󣬸սҼŹ˾Ʋ˵Щսĸĸ˫˫Ծ
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ѾȥôˡҪľǾľסսһ㶫ɽʱΪӺҹưɶսζʲô
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ҶĬæ˵磬Ӧ³ԺһϰΪ͡ҧҧѾõġ
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ոܺȻ̾һ˵ǰˡӣô꣬ӦҵƢҶպҹư̯ӣѵûҶزŭ𣿡˵⻰ʱոܵȻࣺزԸֲǲ֪ر澡ʧҺ֮ǡηҾںǣҵʿʽһҾưɣԸ񣬲Ͷ·ǾԲֵġ
ҶҳеһУûزôԸҶ
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Ҷ΢Ц߽ոܵİ칫ңɵ˵ոӣֵǵĹ˭Ȼ㲻ҪưˣǾתҰɡ˵еϰ塣ȻոܲίԼĻҵľưθܡţʵĻһһǮôҶȻߵոܵǰոܣǹճһĨЦݡ
ոɫӵĿҶྩռұѹƲ֮ʣЩǳҪõһŲûһԸռΣѹͷոܳůͬʱҲۿĺ͸
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ԣոһһֻȻʵĸоǰزǱؼǿôʲô
ֻһ뵽ؼ̺Ŀֲոܸոյһ˲ͱûˡ
Ҷȴûô࣬ǶԺ˵ӣȥŪݺͬѺҹưתøҡҲϰ塣


398 ס
ոеԸ񡣵ڶϣʹźԼҶȥ˺ҹưתЭ顣Ҷô˵ոܶԸҶǩưίоӪЭ顣
ոܵĻҶĻֺαҶеδ֪ľ޴أ
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ҶҲǺƵĿոܡʣҶﻹǺԸոסһġ
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400 Ҫ׶
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ձ̺Ȼһף˵ڲǺҹưɵϰ壬ֻµĸܡ
ձ̺ȻȤ˵ϰ壬ǲǸøҼӵ㹤أ
ҶЦȻ˵ǲܵġ㲻ĻҼӸΣ
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һȻҲû뵽պգе־ӢӣɱȻ
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֪ɼǺΣִв˵ġһĿû˿ĸ顣
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ô㻹붯ֲɣһӺȻ˵Ѿ̹ܽ١ҶǶ֣ǿԿǹͽ͵ػС
ƢǺܺãԣɱӿҪֽѵӵʱҶȻذס˵ǹҪ׶֡
һ㶣ȴӹһ˿֮ɫ
⣬ɱǰ̹ܽ٣Լס͸о졣
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˿̼Լһס˴ɱ͵
̹⣬Ϊ˱סʱҶȻһ˲ʹܵߵһǰӭһȭ
˵Ҫ׶֣ɻûü˵°䣬ȻҪ־ᣬǸ˸ë߰


401 
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ңԷȻҲֵ֮ٶȺ۷壬ǳֲ
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̹ٷӦٶ죬ԴһƫܿҶƴ׺ݾ׵һȭֲָ̹絶ȻҶࡣ
̹ٳ־ȫɱСһҶ౻Уͻһѣ³
Ҷ֣ȻȻ״Ҷһдץǳֵ̹ͬʱҶһС粽С˺̹֮ľ롣
ҶȻûκ׾Ͷֵ˲䣬·Ϭ֪Ҷôһ㡣Ҷһһĳ̹١
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һ̹ȻҲûϵİȻսѶ֣û뵽Լ֡һͻã˲͵ǰ̹ѾȥǹֻӲͷƤ
Ȼղս˵һţƺģһʱһʱǶ㶨ڲӹ涨Ϯ۾ˡȴû뵽ҶֱӵİνϮ۾˵ĲԹ涨ƨˡ
һ֣̹͸ܵĪѹ·ԼԵĲһŮˣһͷҰޡ
ֵ˲䣬ҶצúȻ仯һ߲ƺȻסǳ̹ٵ̹֡ٺȻʧɫһȭҶ档
Ҷһ߲͵ط
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ձĿزȻһ˵˼ҸȥˡҼҼŹ˾壬вƵҰɱ鶼һʹ
زɫЩȻزվྩ壬ؼҵĺӵܣԣ˵̣֪ƢġʱһԾ뿪ңҲһŭ֮²ŸɳЩҵڻڵ顣
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ձ̺Ȼź촽ҶһڣȻ˵˰ɣ
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Ƭ̣Ҷһ꣬ձС椶ôԼĶ棬Ȼ㵽ز
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ҶһֺܲˬĸоԼȻձˡ
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ҶֻŭһšҶͻһЦеı顣
ҶЦеı飬ձһ⡣ϾһֲõԤС
ȻҶĺȻ§ձϸ֫Ửϸۣʮ㡣ҶаһȻǵʮ㰡
ձ̵ЦݶʱƬ̡վྩŹ˾ǧС㣬ȻŭҶᱡΪ˭ҪҶ鵲زء
ձ̺ȻҲ§Ҷֻ椶ھҶʱ򣬺Ȼݺݵһ¡Ҷɫ˲ͱþ֣п˵
ձ̺ҶԼǰ˸ߵزζըˡ
Ҳһ̵ļһ״Ȼɫѿ˵̣֪ʲôģ˵ԺҺн
˵⻰ʱز۾˸һŨŨļʡ˻ŮԽǵòԽҪѾ˼ȥõ
زͬˡ
׷ձ̵ྩĹӴȦ˽֪йӴپز׷ձ˶עزûнձ׷֣δ氡
ձ̾һȻҪվز仰ǸԼԺҶܵص㡱ա
ձ̸˵ʲôʱҶȻ΢̣һĨааЦݣ˵ҲûʲôΪ̴ҪҺ飬Ϊģʱ䶼ڼˡҶ˵˵ʱǳأزƵá
زɫ˲һƬɷסһŭֳ
ձҶ仰һ㶡Ȼ͸ֳһĨϦϼ̺졣ȻҶռԼıˣձȻҶ̫ù
ԣܿҶüͷ캰ҲҪҪô磿
ҶԼѾձ椶һƬɫˡ
زһƤЦⲻЦ˵Ҿףˡ
ˣ̣ʱྩʱȥĸǺܾûˡӦú㡣زԴĿһձ̣Ȼתߡ
ۿز˾̹Ūϳﳤȥ
ձ̺ȻһͷĵЦݣ˵үСŮӵļԿɺã


402 زͼ
Ҷ۾һȻɷµ֣ձֱ̰һȻ˻Ц˵ʮ㡣
ձ̰ޡС󣬻ûĸҶֶŵġձ̾ӣԽϵЦԽġ
ձ˿ȻһСŮ̬εεĿҶȻ߽һҶˣ˵үСŮӽ޿ɺã
Ҷġáֻû˵Ȼ˺ѷεľʹҶҽһձȴһĵ˼Цݣģ˺޲ñ͵XXOOһٴΡҶУҶȴҧгݵ˵ձ̣ݡ
ӴԲۣӵ
ձ̺ȻһСŮ̬ӣһЦոܵĿ֮ǰǸᣬ󲻹Ϊܵѹ̫󣬲òǰ¶һ߰ˡ
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˺ҹưɣͷľһŹֵĿһֳҶ
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һԵͷǿЦ⣬Ҳƨƨߵܹ˵磬ǶרθҩơҪͷҸԣ
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ձص˵ͷ˵Ҷ硣˵꣬ձĿȻҶϡʱҶһ֮ɫ粻§֫ûаXXOOбҪԸôصĺ
֪ձƯ۽һ¶һĨת˲ŵЦݣȻͳԼİ칫ȥ
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ҹɫ谵޺أźƽĴС
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һֱײɫޱȡȻӾ̹١
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ȻСϢ㲻ʲô̹ܽҲûгϹȻСϢԲܿѨ硣زܹ̹ܽٶͼӴף˵ʲôġ
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Ƭ̣ӺȻƵ˵٣Ҫ綼׷ϴж顣һʲô˿ǿ¶Բ˶ߡ
֪زȴǿЦҡҡͷ˵ɱȴҲװ
ʱزһ֮ɫྩӸȦǸֻ֪Ժ֣椵ӵزȻͬˡ
˵ȷסңձߵǸ겻֪˭ϵ̫ĬˡңʵҲǳǿ󡣲ڴʱ֮¡һָͲƤӵ¶֡
ȻҲһ֣˵ңҸо±ȴʱҪֲһЩ˾Բձ̵ѡ
ز˵֪ձ̵ѡֻȴû뵽ձŮ˾Ȼôõҵôһĸ֡ңԼΨһĲҵҹưɶһҶͷϡ
ߣΪġزЦһ˵ȻǰҪձ̱ϾһƷŮˡŮҲҪˡ
Ӳÿɷ
Ƭ̣ز˵߰ɣȥһɶ


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٣ƹļƷۡɶæ΢Ц˵
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زÿɷĿȻɶϵ˵ɶ㲻ΪȲ衣ҪְҴһ顣
ɶһ⣬æ˵٣˵ֻҪܼһȫԸ˿ĵ
ҹưɵҶӦ뿪ˡ˵꣬زŰȥ
ԣɶɫһ¡Ȼ૵Ҷ⵽һʲôôྩؼҵزڱ˵Уزֻһֻ֪ƵأԺֵӵܡɶȴֻ֪زһ߶ѡ
Ϊԭǳ򵥣ɶܹں̺޴ǿزһְзġ
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ɶǷǳϵӡ⣬ʹ绰زԼļƻ˵һ顣
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Ҷôһ˵˵˼زǣҹưδұ̵ģǸˣҶֻ΢˵һ£ʶڡ
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ҶҡҡͷƱ˵زȻ˵ҹưɵĿĲΪոܡ
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߽ҹưԺѯһԱ֪ձ̵İ칫Ժͳձ̵İ칫ȥ
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Ŷ룬΢ЦŶձ˵ոܣãӺ˽лɶ˽顣
ձ̸ոջɻİŮԼΪʲô顣ʱһ˵Ӻ˽лټɶ֣ձһ⡣
ͺǲһˣȻ֪ɶζʲô
ͬʱձԺѸת
һȺ첻ֹһںҹư¡ңвҹưɵһЩ࣬Լְ֮ǰձ̻Ϊ¡ưһưۺҹư𱬣ʹֶΡʱǰһ΢ЦƯŮȻš
ձѾ֮ǰҹưһеѣ¶ɶָʹġ
ֻԼƺûǺǵλٰ
ձͷˮ֪ԼΪʲôԺźȻ΢Ц˵ոܣҴǼȵȭУ˵ϣҶСܹ롣ȻҲ˵ˣҶСܹĻӮŶ˶٣˵Ժ󶼾ԲǺҹưɣ˭
ձ̺Ȼ˵ҶȥأձϵЦѾʧҲ
ż˵Ҳ˵ˣҶС㲻ԸΪһһݹ׵ĻԺҹưһϵ⣬
ܹΪɶ飬ŵǻӹɡûнɶԭհ˵ίתһģһ˼


404 
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ձ̺ȻʶǰְҵװƯŮ˲һͲѡ
Ǹȥ٣Ҫ޷Ӧ⣬ٲǵòҪǣǮû»ıձޱ˵
ԣŵ˫ӹһ˿֮ɫձ̾Ȼڷв٣вٵ˿ɲడ
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ոߵĺȴһĵ֮ɫȻɶѾ˺ƤҪԺҹưɲҶǺҹưɵĶڵȭʲô⣬ôҹưɶô
ս㣬ɶưӺȻ˵
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ӣҶԸ֪ɶôǣҶôձʵ
ӳһ˵ͳԸ񣬹ƻΪǿɶȲһˣӻ˵⻰ͳһ
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ǿ׳һͷ͵ϻ
ǰҲҲϣɶҶԭһֱҸҶһƺᰴճơһ뵽ҶӶˣʱձ̾ͺ
һͲһԿ
ˣӣȥҶйе¶ձ̺Ȼ˵
ǣս㡣
ת뿪칫ңܿͽҶйˡ
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һĳԾ֮ɫŹֵĿ˿Ҷٿ˿ձ̣Ȼź䶯һ£˵ǣս㡣
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ҶЩƵĿһձ̣ձ̵Ը˽⣬椶ͻȻԼûʲô¶
椶ЦԽĶ˵ʱԽǴ椶ڿӵĽࡣ
Ҷﵭ˵ոܣлֱ˵ҪһүЦݡȻҶȻааһЦ˵ȻүܲסջһСķԭԵĴ󡭡ǿɱû㡣
˵ҶһĶձ˶һһء
֪ձ̷ǵûƵͦͦԼ˶ķ͡ټһĵı飬Ҷձ̵ԸеϤͨ˾ԻΪ椶ǳĹԼ
Ҷ֪֮ϷһոǾûġнһжոܵԸ񣬵Կܻ㡣
ҶΪһ˾ӡձ̺Ȼ΢˵
Ҷ΢̣һĨЦݣ˵Լ˾ӡֻǷǳǳɵġαӡ
ձ̵΢΢˳顣ҪġûмҶôҪһԼˡ
ҶȻһʵձ̣ʵһֱһҪ㣬һֱʡҶһֹı顣
ԣձһɻؿҶȻȻĵһЦ˵˵ɣҲҽã֪ʲô˵ҶŶ
ģҶһ˷ܵʵ
Ҷһ˵ı飬ձһĿҶ˵Ҷʡ
ǸҶ΢΢ӹһ˿ааЦݣĿȻձ˶棺Ǹձ̣ʲôߴģ
ʲôʲôߴ磿ձ̱ҶԺˡ
Ҷָָձ˶ķͣһ汦ģ
ԣձһƬͨ졣ձ̺ȻȻһЦһߵ˵ҶҪ֪
ձ飬Ҷ衣ڨڨһЦ˵ҾǺʡ
ʱձ̺ȻԼ˳Ҷ˵ҿԸ㡣Ҫһæ
Ҷͷҡ˹һ˵ǻˡ
ֻǺѣѡҶεȴˣɵɵһͷձ̲úõĿڴ档
״ձһҶĳ嶯һҪռԼıˡȴƫƫԸ⸶һۡ
Ҷ𲻴Ӧæ㶼ġձ̺Ȼ˵
Ҷ۾룬ҶȻһҧ˵ãҴӦ㡭ڿԸ߸ߴ˰ɣ
38Dձ̻Ҷ
Ҷһ𾪵ı飬Ȼ˵һձ̲̲סҪĻ˵ѹô󡭡ֱǺ֮ˣձ̣ôذ᲻۰ҪҪͷų͸͸
ձ̲Ҫߡڣ椶ĹǳԣձӸֳһĨ죬ȻߵҶǰһСŮ̬˵ҪҪְͷų
Ҷϲ˵úáͻȻҶıǳЦݻûȫųһ
Ҳ۰ҶȻһĲҽСʱձЦĸˡͬʱסҶ⴦ҲӴ
Ѿĸռұˡ
ձһҶһĵı£ɿ֡ʱҶȻ͵§סձ̵֫
ձ̴ʧɫ⧲͡ľһһα˺Ȼ§ס֫ЩҡҶ׾ͽձѹ˰칫ϡ
ܵձǰΰ׳ۣӿķĥԼţҶ͸оܳһŻȣȻʼͷͦء
ʱձҲܵҶصϢձ̵˲ͷҡ
ȻձһȻĻˮƯԼǷǵĻġձȴǵһκһ˿ô
˵һ˺Ȼѹˡ
ԣһձ̿ʼȻҪһѽҶƿʱҶ￴һƬ֮ͨɫεձ̣͸оԼĺȻɬࡣҶܼѵһڿˮ
ҶԼ˵ģֻһǳǳɵġαӣԾԲҵ»ݡ˿̣ѹһȵĽҶ͸оԼѾõĳԭʼһʼȼԼ嶼ù̡̹
ձ̱ҶȵĶţȻ˫һξߢı顣
Ҷ￴ձǽεĺ촽Ȼ˫һ룬ȻǺ촽ȥ
ܵҶԽԽصĺձͬʱȻһڴ
ȻͬʱձҲìܡȻһĹǣȴһǳֱصŮˡҪȻҲԸԼƲȴɲԸίز
ձ̺ƿҶȻ䷢Լûһ˿


405 
ҶϾҪձ̵ĺ촽ʱձ̿ڴֻȻ
;˲Ҷȹ֮µձ̡ձ̺Ȼ֪һһƿҶȻҵͳֻһ绰ôˣӣ
˵ʱձ̵һ˿ƺڼѹԼеĻҡ
ս㣬ղȻĲҽҾû¶ɣСʵƺԼ绰սҶ֮顣
νԹ塣ձ̻ûʶһʼҶˡ
Ϊˣ֪ձ̶һ֧ټһҹưɣټϼ弯ƲԼĸɱʱ򣬳ܵѹѾһٽ㡣ʱҶȻֶ֣δһЩ鷳սܵһ˿ȫС
ԡ
ܲٵİȫСһɬΪëһֱߣûеõһ˿ȫСҶǼһһʹϸо˰ȫ
а̾һνȻӣ˱ˣƾ
ʱӶѾʼĽҶˡ
ȻӲ֪Լ绰ѾҶ̲סҪ칫ҽһٱ
ձ̵˵û¡˵꣬ձҶ˵绰ȻǲԸúӸܵԼ
±һ绰ˣҶжôˡʱҶЩεǣղŲͺձ̲ǹ߻ˡʱձҲһ̬óĬ
ʱҶǺȻ΢̣һĨааЦ˵ձ̣ҪҪһΡ
Ҷ֮ǣձ̺Ȼޱջ˵ð
ձ˵꣬ӳҶ
ҶһǱܵĺһҶձ̵ԸԽԽ˽ˡ椶㣬ûк¶˵ԳȻٴʩչǿֲɱУ׼۵ȥ
ҶƵ룬ձ椶صı
ձǰһҶͺһͺձҪǿаôҶһı顣
ûãҶƵſڣȻһ۾һҪѺ̳ľ飬˵ɡ
ձ̡Цˡû뵽ҶȻôȤôĬ
ձȻһЦʱҶȻ۾һܲ˫ٴ§סձ̡ձ۾㵺ͻҵı£ҶȻݺݵһձ̵ĺ촽
촽죬ȡ
ҶҲһ㼴֡˿ˮձԴһƬհףûзӦʱҶѾɿԼϣһЦеĿձ˵ձ̣ҸȻ˸ĳǡ
һǵ͵ĵ˱˻ԡ
ձڷӦ˲һΡѩ׵ĲͮͮģΡ
ð죬ձ̲һ޺Ȼ˵ĳȥˣ
ԣҶڨڨһЦ˵ұ̫ˣһСľ͸ˡ
ձһȻС˵һǳءԭձֻЩĵСֹ֪ҶĶȹձ̵Сֹһ㶡һĲ˼鰡
Ҳѵձ椶һδµĳ
ôһ룬ҶľͿʼЩҶŷǳɵαͣƯ㣬ǳŮ˻ûжֿ
һ˼ҳԺоͿʼôձݵ֡
ձվһŮˡݻҺͶԺ޲ҶԺձ̾ͽԼǱҶǿӶʵ
ҶúһҪ㡣ձ̺Ȼ˵
ձɫҶҲæһɵı顣
Ҷһձ̽ɶŮһһʮҶĩˣձ˵ҶɶôĻǵҪԸһȭз⣬Ȼóûҹưɡ
Ҷһ㶡۾΢˵ĹâձЩǵʱҶȻһ˵ձ̣Ҹ㣬ɶĿδǺҹư಻ţ
ԣձһԾı顣
Ҷ˵ȻҲ֮ǰɶежΪ˸ҹưŪ֡ڣȴôΪ
Ϊʲôձ̺Ȼʵ
Ϊձһɻı飬ҶͽԼزĿ˵һ顣
ձ̱һŮˡҶֻ΢˵һ£ձʶزǿûô򵥡
ֻձЩţྩӸȦǽ壬ԳԺ֣ƵƵĻӴ٣زĻͳǸȻ˵
ձ־ɲǱʶҶжϡྩǳ裬ˮĵطκһŴӵܿ¶ûбϿô򵥡
زΪȻǱʶѾѡҶձ̻Ǿúܲ˼顣
ôʶձ̲סʵ
Ҳ֪Ҷҡҡͷ˵ҵĲ²ѡ
֪ձ̺Ȼ˵ô˵ҷԽԽزĲԸҵġΪܹܵȻֳѺȴ׽۾Ѻͳȡⲻķ񡣡
ձ̽˵زྩΪϵŮ˶뾡һа취Ū֣ҲΪҲűܵıԻˡ
Ҷص˵ͷزԼ²¾ûôˡ
زҲһǵĻɫ
ΪóαװԼ˲٣زֽԼαװһֻ֪ԺֵĻӴ٣ΪϤձ̶Ի󡣿֪زֶκεȵĸ
Ҷ룬Ȼ˵ձ̣ҸȥӺ˽лλ٣˵ҺμνĵȭȻͬʱ˸سŵĻӴԺ󺼳ǾͲˡ
ղձ˵һвĻųԾѡʱҶҲ˵׺ݵĻɼձȻҶӴʱ䲻ҶԸȴǷǳ˽⡣
ֻձȻ֪Ҷ֪ѡӦȴЩǵ˵ҶҲͬðա
ҶȻааһЦ˵ձ̣۸Ľô
ձ̺Ȼ𣬸Ҷ˵˵ǣ᲻᲻ȥ
ᡣҶѵ˾һΣûгûմˣ˵Щ鷳ȥġȻСϴ㲻ۣҶۡ
ԣձȻɲͬҶաҶⷬȴͬ
ҹưܹȵľӪȥձ̵ֶΣҪ˶þܹúҹưɳΪ¡ưһһҾưɡձ̵ļƻУֻҪû˵ңʱ䣬ܹúҹưɱ鲼ġ
ձ΢΢üһ֮ɫҶ˵⣬ʼһȥμνĵȭҲ˻ᣬٵʲôԼܷ̽ز֮Ĺϵ
˵꣬ҶﳤЦЦ˵û飬ҾȳȥˡǵȥӺ˽лظһǸν١
ۿҶﳯŰ칫ȥձ̵ӺȻ両ֳһĨ̺֮ɫȻһҧС˵Ҷ˽ĳǡҳʲôĻĲ㡣
ԣҶһͷײڰ칫ҵĴϡ


406 Ů
Ҷոմձ̵İ칫ҴţͿϵĺӡӼҶƨƨߵܹʵ磬û°ɣ
Ҷû˵ӣԺȥոܵİ칫ҡûر鲻Ҫٸ绰ˡ
һ㶡ŷӦһ𾪵ĿҶ
Բۣ磬òǡӺݺݵһڿˮһŰ
ҶȻ̾һ
æСʵ磬ҸòǴǰɣ
˵أӣҶǿŰѺӱһٵĳ嶯˵ĵ绰ôͱϳ𣿡
ԣӺʯһ㡣춼ûعȴֵĳԾ
ҵĹԹԣսѵĺˣ԰ôоƺҲĳ֡ٴصһڿˮøС
Ҷûһɵ˵ĺӣת¥ԼĮ̇ȥ
Ҷͽձ̸Լ˵һһʮ
ȥȥ˵
Ҷһ㶣ЦЦ˵Ҿ֪ʲôʱס㡣
û˵ʲôǵͷһеľƱȻ˵Ӧȥϴּѱ̵ĿڴӡϴȻͷЩһ϶ͱ̵úð԰ԡ˵赭дȴоЩ¡
Լ֪ԼΪʲô
ҶЦһ뿪ˡҶմձ̵ĺ촽ӡջǱۼľˡ
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Σľܸɴ󷽵˵Ҷ˳㡣
ͷһЦʵľĶ٣
һ߸ֵܣׯ֮⻹Ϲÿһ١ϴͷȻӿڴͳ٣˵Ҳׯ
ľһҧӿڴͳٿǮ˵˵˹עӮǮ乫ˡôϴŵǮóˡ
乫Ͳ乫źСҲӿڴͳٿǮ˵Ҳׯ
ľų¹ºӡ˵أ
¹»û˵ӡͺܸɴĴӿڴͳٿǮ˵Ҳׯ
¹²˵ľæͷüŪۣͷأ
Ҷĺ촽ӡոµġͷЦǺǵĴӿڴͳһſһӡ
ʱ¹ҲͳһſҺͷһĺ촽ӡոܵġ
ľͷһۣܹԷ˫еϲɫʱȻһ˹Ҳĺ촽ӡոܵġͬʱǧǮҲصϡ
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ͷľæ̧ͷͿһŷǳǳϤסҶӡ
Ҷͷľ͸оεЦЦһѵľڨڨһЦ˵磬ǶǿЦġ
ԣЦġϴͷţСæ˵ͬʱһ߰ԼǮ
ȵȡʱҶ΢Це˵עǮջȥ
ľһɫ磬ǵˡϹأӦûرܵġ
ϴͷţСӡæͷ
˶ܹԲۣ˼׬⣿⻹ע
֪ҶһЦУ޺ı飬΢۾ϴͷô֪
ϴͷһ㶡һҲһ˾ҶĿ̺ĿԼϴͷæ۾ȻԴҡ˹һ磬Ҳ֪ء
ľоԼĺȻ䱻ͱһӡһҲ̫ûڲ˰ɣôˡ
ҶĿźСʵҲ֪أ
źСһۣæҡͷ˵磬û˵ذ
ľѪа̾һԲۣƽʱؼʱ̣֪Щһﶼס
һĽڲأ
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õĴ𸴣ҶЦеİĿͷϣͷǮôֵġ
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ľǳ˳顣Ҳ۸Ҳô۸İ
ϴͷţСӡȴһνˡǮ˭Ǹ
ɢԺľȻͷһɬЦݣ˵ԭһѣֿЩһһεġû뵽ͽεãһʲ׬
ͷЦľһԿѡһׯһעϴͷţС֪ͷľǺϻǵĻԻͷľݺʰһ١
꣬ʲôûڲ١ôûڲٺòã
ͳߵôԭΪͳһȴû뵽ȻոܸһˡľȻ̾һ
ͷȴصľļ˵ȴá
ԣľ۾æʵԲۣͷ˼Ų
ѵ𣿡ͷ˵
ľЦһ˵ǲԡ볾ոôܻӦ
ͷĬһ˵ľ˼
ľһЦ
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ãô˵ˡձѹͲҶ˵ĻᣬԼİˡһĿɿڴҶ
ԲۣôҲԣҶܼѵ䶯һ¸ɬĺ
ҶһƵĸձ̺ȥͣȡ˳ӣȻձ̵ı
Ҷȴûмձ̵ı˯Ƿ˿ƼѧһҶ̫ȭѡ޿Ρ
ոߵ칫ңҶͿطɵüɫʲôΧطʶģԲۣطɣҲأҲأǰһ˰
Ȼطһ֮ɫ
ˣطûûѰγȻСʵ
ԣһˬ˵γ㶼ŮѵˡѵҪɰ׷»𣿡
γæʲа
ԡγֻʣٺһЦ
ʱҦԶȻƵ˵Ȱ˶ҪٰȥˡҲжѧֻΪ˿һۣ̿ε̿Σװװڼǵһ۾Ϳʼչ˻ȵ׷ơ
ˣϵѧ¥ǴССʮŮѵλǸòûɣҦԶȻһζĿطɺγ
ԣطɹȻһЦ˵Сƨֳ
ҦԶһŹֵ˵طɣòôתĿɣ


407 ʾ
طɷ˷˵ô԰
ûޣ㲻ʦ̫ѵ㲻һСŮ
طɶԼǷǳŵġһŰս椵ĵ䷶
֪ҦԶȴЦЦ˵ǰףˡ
طɱûǿͷе󡣱ʱû˹飬һ鷳ҦԶ˵
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طɵˡ
ҶЦҡҡͷûȤطɵ˵İԣʰһ¶׼ȥϿΡ
ΪϴҶѾܾЩҪεѧһ̫ȭβûϴۼһͬѧֻҶЩǣѧУȻӲ˼ѧһ̫ȭγ̡о־Ϊ˺ԼϲŮĸļˡ
ҶЩƵǣ֪ǲط˵ĶԼ˼ԴϴȷԼֻǰÿԺĶԼ̬ȾЩ䵭
ҶҪſμʱģĶѩѩȥϴּ䣬ͲҶԼĵĻᡣ
Ҷ̾һҡҡͷǰĵԼÿûκεŮ֮顣
ҶЦ˼ʱ־ȻǰС˵Ҷʦ糤Ҫȥȭһˡ
糤Ҷһ˵ͣ
ǵġ־æͷҲ֪糤Ҷʦ𡣶ңôصġ
ȥҶȻѾڿƼѧνһʱˡûйƼѧ֪ȭľλá
Ҷʦ롣־æ˵
ܿ죬Ҷ͸־ȭ֮ء
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Ȼ֮⣬ȭÿϽɸѧУǮʹ÷ѡ
ȻѧԸǮ޲˵ѧУÿ껹ܹʹ÷ѡҲţѧУ쵼ʹӦ͵Ҫ
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Ҷһ˵֪ȭ
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Ҷ￴һͺȻ˵ͣ㴴ȭΪɰֺҪİɣ
ͳĬ
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֪ͣ㲻һĵˡҶȻĳ˵ܹЩ飬˵δͣϣܹĸɰ֣һ档
͵ͷһĬ֮ɫ
ҶҲûм⣬˵Ҳμٵĵȭ飬ͲòġǸٻûбܹҡҶ˵⻰ʱ򣬴һǿŴݡ
̧ͷ죬ҪȰ˵ҶҶһݲɫ룬ջûٶ˵һ仰ˡ
Ҷ͵ļ˵ʲôˣҡ
ţصĵ˵ͷ
ҶЦЦ׼ת뿪ʱͺȻ˵Ҷʦлл㡣ҳһҸɰֵƿء
Ҷס˲ص˵ͷȻת뿪ȭ硣
Ҷոմȭ
һҶЩŭ˵ҶΪʲôҪôԴģѵĻ䲻𣿡
ĵһֱԵúܵ䡣ΪۣȻܹġѯ֮£˰죬Ű˵
ĸո˵ըëˡ
ԭ;Ҷ䲻ģھȻҶֻǰĵá


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ҶûܹõĳֵĶ
˶ƶҲ治֪ĵô£Ȼῴˡ
ҲˡҪߵǣҶȻֻǰĵÿ
ã˵ҼĶϲˣ˵ֻǰ˼ҵÿѵ㲻֪仰ɱָѾﵽ˿ֲİٷ֮
ԣҶʸ˵ס
ǰҪ׵ҶЦһȻ˵Ҹ֮飬Ϲʲôİ
ʲô֮飿ԣˣһŭ˵ҵĺýãƾʲô
ҶЩͷˣûкһôˣ
ԣһ㶡˫ֲСͦţ˵Ҳܣ㲻ʵʵȥ׷Ǽģûꡣ
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ҶԽԽǰܿҪԼˣʱһңĺһЩ鲻˵Ҷʲô
ҶȻǰˣ˵ǽϣһŵĿҶ˵ҶҪʲôʱһЦҶھ
ҶＸʵأĿ˵ʲôֻҪ㣬Һ֮飬Ͳˡ
ԣȻһҧ˵ҶһҪȥ׷ġȻԲŹ㡣
ҶЦˡ֪ҶΪʲôͻȻ䷢ЦʱҶȻץס°ͣĴһСڡȻ󣬿ɵ˵ҶааһЦȻ˵֪ʲô˰ɣ
Ҷǿǣɵˡð죬ŻعһҧгݣȭһҶϣҶ˵Ȼ˱ǡҪɱ㡣
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ҶȻһֻץסֻ첲ȻֿϣааһЦ˵㲻ңҶˡ
ԷĽˡҶһζĿ
СһƬɷסҶа˫һ־ֵĸоƺҶԼ졣
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Ҷ￴һ۸ղŻתۼһ滨ᣬ̾һ椶ĹȻûôǿ󰡡ҶҲûм׽Ū˼ˡ
ɿ˫ԺҶ΢̣ЦЦ˵ȥʵʵĸʲôˡ˵꣬Ҷת뿪ˡ
һȻãҧ촽૵˱ĳǣԲ׷Źġ
Ҷ仰Իνʼ
ᣬӭѩѩġƺ޹һ㣬ѩѩĴʧɫҪ֪ĿУһֱһǳŮǱ˾Ѿܲˡ˭ңȻŪˡ
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ԣԣô£ѩѩҲæΧ˹ӿһ˿ů
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ǲ˭۸ˣѩѩȻ˵Һģȥѵ
죬˵ԼҶǸ쵰ǿˡߣȴֻ̾һ
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Ը˵ĺѩѩҲֻա
Ҷ·أ׼ذ칫׼һ̫γȻԼطɣγҦԶһȥԸߵϵʱҶȻסˡ
ֻϵ˴ССõ廨͡
ȫõ廨ΧɵǣҰ㣬Ů֮ġѧУıһЩ󰮵ѧһƿֲõ廨
ȻҶ֮ǰڰ칫ҾѾ֪һǵѧҲ֪ǵѧǳɫ㡣û뵽ѧȻ㵽ֵز
ǴССõ廨ɵȦӣҲʮҲ˵һμȲ׵жʮ
ʮͬһŮסҶﶼ֪˵ʲôˡ
ǵ͵Ƕٰ
Ҷֻҡҡͷת뿪ˡ˵ƯŮҲ
ص칫ңҶˡ
طɣ˾ǳԴҩˣȻڽζǡ
޿ɾҩļһ
ʱҶȻˣطɣǲǸȥҩˡ
ϾȥطͷҲص˵
Ҳæ˵Ͼȥ
ȵȡطɺȻӦһ˵ҶôҪҩء
ҲһȻ
ˣ粻㣬˭ͣγȻҶطɣҦԶҲҶ
ǶҸʲôҶһЩ˵
˭ͣҡطɣγҦԶһĿҶʱһȻ洫˹
Ȼʦ̫ٻ


409 ٻ
ٻ
֮ʱе彣Ͷ¶һ𾪵顣
Ҫ֪ʦ̫ƽǷǳԸ˵ģĻطҲô֡
ϴδӶٻ뿪֮طҲûϵٻΪ˼طɵĸܣҲûٻʦ̫֡
ڶٻɾͳ˴ԤϣطҲɵԭأڽͰ͵վ˵Ρٻôˡ
ȻǴαҶһ˵طһŭ֮·˶Զٻ׷󣬵ʵһֱԶٻͷ
ǰȻŲŮطͶͱطɷûиоһֱĶٻ㺡
˵һһˣٻָԸŮǴطɵˬ㡣
ϴڶٻұǰôɴľܾԼ緢˦뿪طҲȥҶٻ
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˵ȥԷҡٻȴƳǰһۣĿ˵һ䡣
ģҪһԷٶȴӶٻȷ仰طɼĲʱ¶ϲɫ
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ͬͬ⡭ʦ̫ôһ˵طﻹ˵ԼӣȻ֪ʲôҲǼæӦ
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ȵٻո뿪䣬һȻЦǱ˳γҦԶһΧסطɣ׷׵٩
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ʱһطɹȻǼٻվѧУſڵȴԼҲƨƨߵİѳȥк
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طɹȥʱ򣬶ٻҲǵͷ˵һ䣺Сĵ㣬Ҹ㡣
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߰ѣǶүʲô˼ҶӺƮ˳ʱطɶ˼ġ
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뵽ԼȣһΡҪԼʲôİɡ
ʦ̫ٻǰĳͣھƵĲԶȻǱطɵ絽˿̳Ѿûڡ
ʲôƺˡҶȴǴصطɼ
طʱҲǶ˲ٵĵǶүţƣⲻҶô
ϴǶүôţ󻹲ǱҶƨ
Ȼ룬طﻹЩ飬Ƕ֪үҶһ·˽⡣
γЩˣүĺˣҶֲǶԷϾ˶ڣҶһ˵ʱҲ˲ôడ
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ʲôѣǿɲ֪˭֪δ˿û˼һ󺺻ֺ˵ﱻǶүˣɲʲô˶ܹģ뺯κһɲڣ


410 
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㣡طɺôҲǸˣԴﻹ̵סҪֵ˼
Ǵ󺺼״ҲֱͦؿڣһǴү˭ģ
طɸҪǰһֱֻ۱ͻȻӲĶ
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Ҫ뺯Ҷǰδ󺺣ֵıǳŴ֮˹ȥŶ˵
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뺯аû뵽ҶԭأȴͻȻĳһ仰
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˵طˣҶＸ˵Ĵ󺺶ˣǱԭǵ⼸˵ģûʲô뺯ڱҶôһ˵ԼûеѵٻС㻹ķ뺯
СӣҪûеĻǸɲ㡣ҲȷûУֻҧһݻ
СôƭءҶ¶һЦе飬װҪͳʲôӣȻһ̣ȭͷȴѾǴк˹ȥ
ҶжǿȻǲö˵ͻȻǴ󺺸ûüӦֱӷ˳ȥһͷԽǾƵ֮С
һͻȻı䶯ʱھƵȻ󲨣һȻûзӦƬ֮󣬲Լͬ鱻ˣҲǶʱҶ˹
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һˣҶŲŲæ˾ƵĿɨһڵŵϣ˵˼ҵ뺯ȭͷ
ҿҶҳӵİɡطҲҶŪһһ㶵ģӦҲ̸ſ˾Ƶ֮УȻ˵ȴǰҶһĴָ

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طɵ˶һɷ׷׶Ҷڵ£Ҳֻǰܹסˡ
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ס֣һ˿еĽŵζԭڵĺ´󺺶˿ȴʵ˿óһ·
һŹȵһȳһȳĳҶ֮УȻж䣬ǶԷȴͦñֱ
Ҷüͷϳߡ
ϴξֶ˶Էһȹǣû뵽ԷôܹҲǳҶϡ
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һ֮󣬱ԿүУ޴ڵ£֮ⷿȴԵ徻ֻ࣬˵Ĵڡ
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Ȼ֪ԼΪʲôָоҶȴԸԼĸо
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λɡүȴǴ˵ĽֻһΣûϴεǰԵúࡣ
ת䣬ñطɼ˱ü䲻ϰߣ˭֪үǸɱ˲ѪͻȻһģֻձ
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ӣֻҶһȻЩӦҲǸҵط
Ҳ֪һ˶ү£᾿ôû֪
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һǵ͹ˡүͻȻЦ·ʲôΪĵһ㡣
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ֻоҶүϴһ̸УǾԱߵСܣ˵ʲôǸоӡ
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طɵ⻰Ҳǰ𾪣үںǵӰ֪ܹǰ߿Уǿɾܹߵ顣


411 ȭ
ԲҶԵȭûȤԳΪұ۸᲻һ˿¡Ҷȴû˿ԥֱ˵
үɫ˱䣬û˭˸ɴľܾԼ
Ҷַ֪ǳܹΪθЧˡһԵҲ̲ס˵һ䡣
ԴϴμʶҶ֮ǰҲΪүȴǲΪǰܹù
ҶҲֻһˣǶү⺼֮пνַͨ죬Ҷһܹȵϵġ
ǸȷʵμӵȭǳΪ£ˣҿɲҪҶҡҡͷȻ˵
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ҶԼĵˣǿֻӼ֡
ĸˣ֮ӿһĨأүʵ
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үû뵽Էĳһ仰ӦҲĳɣɶƨãȻɣȥһ
Щ˲ᶮġҶ˵ԼϲҪҲ޷죬ٻܰԼԭ¡
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Сٻʲôˣ˶ү˵һкطҲһʱŭӿֱӱվ
ƽҲûŮͶͱȴǶʦ̫ٻر飬һֱôûз
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ӵֱ۹һĻȣڰ֮ƿҶֱۣٶȴطɵļ
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Ҷɫ˱䣬Ѹٵ˷Ӧֱָе뻯Ϊһϸâ˳ȥ
ǶñȻҲûϵҶﻹУʱıУһһƬѩĵеطɵǰ
ղŷһ̫Ѹ٣طɸʲôڼǰѩ׵֮ʱһЩʱɵһ
ͬʱҲŷ֣ԭԼԶǶñӾȻı£ܱү֮ⷿеĶʲô򵥵
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˭ֻ֪Ƿ곡ϷǽеĶñûжүôͻȻء
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ΪɵģҶﰵһͻȻɿֱǰ֮еĲƬ


413 еĿֲ
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׵壬̱ǱĲƬ֣ҲǱܵһ
һȴҶץס˻ᣬһ粽ǰؽֱץǰеֱۣ
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ԷҲһһɱ֣ʹ˲䱻һֱۣȴֻƺһûзκε
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ǽвǺųܹϽ˦֮󣬾ȻǿŷǣֱӶǽϡ
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Уʲô˼һǮҵıڣɲ飡ԸҶûô
㷴ľٶȻöүһѻ𣬲ɿںȵ
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ߣһ֣үȴ֮ԱǣҶĻ
пǹɱ֯ƣȻʵûȫʤʱǰֲҲʲô˶ܹԸġ


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Ų㣬طɣ߰ɡҶȴǰߣֱת׼ȥ
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ڴ̶Ѩ֮Уһȴһ˼椣ǿû˼ֻܹ뿪


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СٻȥٻĻүоԣǿʵ
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ȰǻǲҪ룬ȻĻʱԸһһֱδ˵İʱȴǲһ䡣
ȫʢʱڵܷаգү룬ͻȻ˵
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ȥҶҪ֪һйϡүһ֮ҲǼΪķԸ
ҶŰɣֻһʼ

Ҷطɼ˴ǾƵ֮гҶܿż뿪ȻĻҪĶүͻȻڣܿɾˡ
Ҷɱˣ֪ΪʲôԭҽٺӦ롣
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طɿǰߵ飬ֻܼ˵үĺǶ֪ҲӦãɱˡɱ˰ɡ
γҲЩԣϾǰһĻǿۼҶֻһöƬǽүһ¶
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ҹĻ֮󣬺ҹưɲŻῪµһ졣
ҶΪȻǲߣϻǱҪȥϰ࣬Ͼűְλ
⳵ҹư֮ҶȴƺЩԡ
ԭӦÿӪҵľưɣ˿ȴ޺ƶûпǾư֮ȴͣǾưɱġ
ҹưԭȻʲô;ưɣձ̵ľӪ֮ҲǷˮ𣬳Ϊ˸һľưɡ
ҹ־ձȡģ˼Ǻҹľ飬񻰹֮һȺɵưԭķɵĵطҲ˾ưɵĸ
˶ǳϲ֣ҹɫ֮зɵľ飬Ψʧ⾳ԲҲᾭӺҹưɡ
ȻΪưɵĸܣձǻòһŽơ
֪ΪһþưϰķɣÿҹźҹưɺһֻΪ˼ձһ档
ҹưɺưɼ˸ưҵͷΪҹưձλ˵Ĵڣʱ򻹻ưһЩ
Ҷϵưɵʱ򲻹Ͼŵ࣬˵Ӧȵʱ򣬵ڵȻЩԡ
ԭӦÿӪҵľưɣ˿ֻǹŵſƣԵΪ塣
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ҶĿתһȦȴǺܿ췢˲ԣȻҹưɰЩŹ֣Ǿư֮ȴͣǾưԭеġ
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ǿյ֮У¹һװڽ֣ȭߵļΪȣûзֳʤ
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Ҷ֪ʵҲֻҶļһҹȥڨǻˣָҪɸʲô
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ձ̵۹Ҷﻹŵùģҵļֲ֮ѡҪǼΪ̣һ˸޷ʤΡ
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Ҷûаܹǰߣοһ¶ʲôһˣһɼͷ˶ſˣһһֻӳԿ
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ҶȻ֪Լǰ߲ûаգ˿ȴһûкˣôԭһ
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㲻ԼϲôҶҲЩȥǰǼһｻ֣֤ԥĳȥ
ȴԼŮ壬ҶЩ֪ʲôˡ
Ҫ֪Լʱͷ˿ɶ棬ҪǸǿһĻЩһԣ±ضᣬʱôͶ֪
Ⱦˣϲ黹ԼɡҶǳ鶯һ£˵ҪץԼֱۡ
һϲ£û뵽̧ͷȴǺ˵һ仰
£ҶҲǵɴ۾׺һ˶Ȳϵģƽһ򼸸˿û⡣
ͷҲ첻µزµŮǿˣƽǣ˭۸ֱӶ֣뺷̶Ⱦ𺳡
Ȼ˵һϲͺñһͷ͵ʨ˵СһʵҶִ۾ĸо
ƽʲôҪ˰æģȴҶһϲҪ󣬿˵ȥûš
Ȼƽʱ˵㣬ҲһƷŮΪ˴һˬʣ˵ű
ԷʱȻǾѣŻҶһϲһķ羰ɾͷͬһˡ
ȿȣŮԽġҶ˼Ժӵ֮׵ԺҲǿ˵
ռıˣЦҶûǰɰŮʵֲʵ
֪ԼЩ飬µȵ֮ضҪԼ
ҪҾҪϲϺûƽǹӢˬʣԵΪɰͬһé®СŮһ㣬ָԵĸ˵ҲŲҪôСĵطš
ҶǰҲûȾƣԲ֪Է˻ⷬģҪ֪Ļ¸ղžǧҲὫ䵲
ӿ£ҶǸ벻취Ը
Ȼڵһ޺ģҶ֪ԷʲôӣȻǲʲôͷ
㿴طСģˣ硭Ҿ㱣֤ߣۼžݵ˼ҶҲͷ۲ѣһܿ쿪˵
ԭشһ˼ʲôҲ֪˿ôж߼͵˵ͷ
طôСңһߣ룬ƺҶܵץסҶֱۡ
ץסǰ֮ͬһ㣬һ߿˸ţȥ
Ҷ￩һ˵һ㿪ˣɿ椵ָϿ쿪ʱ
ȴתֱͰһ̱Ǽһ￪ʼԼĿӣȻ׼ϲˡ
ιϲҪŵİҶＸŽ仰˳ǻδ䣬Ů˴ȼһĨѩѾ¶˳Ҳŵòᣬæתܡ
˱ĺҶضǱб˲ռ˵˼ȫ¿һҲû⡣
Ƿŵϣмֹ˼ɣԷһͲǻռ˵ס֪飬ضǲĵ
ǸտһҶǸоֱϴһӲסԼ
ιſҰһϲŵôҶһҲᣬҪǿѶԷȴͻȻ뵽Է˿̻ϲ˵Ѿ˿ӣҪǿʱɲ֪Ҫʲô顣
֮£Ҳֻԭأǳ鶯ıһָֻš
֮ҶҲתֻڴܹ㡣
ϾͷǼһﻹأҪԼⵢ̫ãʱȺһһᣬ֮󣬿ô˵ˡ
ôţһˮµҲǴҶĶУʱӶΪ֮һ񣬷·ܵ˼Ĵ̼һ㡣
֪ĿǱڶԷһ֮ңĵطûκεķϲ
ֻҪһתܹ޵һĻҶԺĹ˻棬һ֮ҲǴС֮ӿ
ûа취ֻҪǸ˴˿̶̲סЩ˼οǸŮƽǱڵķҶиһ˿
Ҷ־ǿ̲סתƵȻһս
һҶǿне֮ѹ£Լʲô顣
˿̰Ĳ֮Уĵȴڲϴͬǵһ㣬սҶĵߡ


420 β
ĥ˵Сε״ҲҶΪʹ࣬˶ⷽĵֿͲǿڻջ˵»κһˣ¶סˡ
ҶﲻԾսȭͷԼһЩ߰飬ܹסеа
һʹļ尾ڶ߲ƵǻͣҶҲһæ˵㣬ͷǻǡ
˵ʱҶҲתһСĳʲôᣬˣҪǲСʪ˽ţǿɾ湦һˡ

ȴһҶͻȻļһȻûϢҲ̲סһ
֮ȴǲûʲôӦֻ
ι㴩ÿôҶüͷһ䡣
Ҷһ͵֮з·һ˿֮⣬Ҷȴ·Ĺһ㡣
ȿȣû°ɣҶŻҪװһ˾ӣҲǸɿΣû뵽һȣȻǸоһ߻ȵ
ҿ͹ʱõҶոսȥаǰֻѱѾҶղܣھȻֱôֱ׵İʾɵҲܹ֪ˡ
˵ҿɲʲôҳְҶһҲǵȻ˵һ䣬Ѿץס֡
С椣ү׼ˣģ
׻˵ĺãҪײײҪ
Ҷ߶ţаӿץתӣ׼ܽӴ
ת֮ҲɵԭأʱͬһͰˮһ㣬ȫûκε¡
ԭڹԼѾ˹ȥϵĿҲѾվʱͻȻʧȥֱӵҶϡ
ιԷ״ҶȻǲʲôͷҲǼæź˼
ƺǺܺãѾȫ˹ȥʡ¡
ã椶ϢǳҡҶ̽һʱüͷҲǽ
ԷƺΪأϢңʧȥƵơ
ǰҶΪû̫ûûз֣һ鿴֪ʵ˿̵ѾǳأƵĻ²֪ᷢʲô
뵽ҶҲǲҵæŲ˳ȥ
˵Ҷǲǰѳˣϴּ⣬ͷ˾һҲǷ׷š
ȻǰҶϴּ䣬Ҳ£ǲҶһҪ˵Ҫһֶľˡ
ڼ˽ȥôûûгʱҲ˻⣬ʼ
˵ڲȻкܶ׷ߣǴûнܹҿһǻƻŮľԴϴ˷ܵ飬㵸ĸż˵
Уǌ˿ǴŮҲûϵ¹˫ֱǰûķһ䡣
û˵ҪйϵûҶôľҲǲĵ
˶𳳣ҿҶ˵ˡͷһԵǽǣҲǸֳһĨЦ⡣
ҪҪһѣ̲סᵽ
ǶʲôڼΧһ²ʱһȴǴ˳
ͷ˶ʱЦݣæվ˹ǴϴּӰҲǲɸֳһ˿Ī顣
ΪǿеĳҶУƺûвһ㡣
ҶҶ磬ôͰѳ㶨ˣͷһӦҲЩ͵˵
ȻǰڿЦǻûôױ㶨ǰҲϾǹͬŮͬСһһ˵ĻҲЩί
Ȼ㶨ǶͬҶ磬ʵڵǰȴ⻹Щϰߡ
˵Ӧǧ׷ϵģôô׽һˣ
Ҷ磬һҪúչ˳㣬һˡǶ˼ľҲǰȥΪϧҶļ
Ⱥ쵰ʲôأҶͷҲǲðһ˿ߣһҲɫصǵĳѾԹȥˣ֪ôҪǿüöҪëˮ
ҶĻ£⼸һҲǲ˲ԣ֪֮ҲǷ׷׵ܿȥҶҪĶ
ǰ˵ϰ߰ҹһЩҶҲǲʲôʧ
˷֮ͷҲǽ˹ҶëЩӹ֮󣬱ͷ˲Ҫٴţ׼רĲ鿴ڵ״
Щһŵ׷̽ԴҪô¡
֮£ҶֻܹȥЩһһ˳ȥǰ
㶨һ֮ҶҲվ˴ϣڴϵһ
룬ҶţһϤĸоҲ
Ȼʧȥ˼䣬ȴܹǵһЩ飬ҶԿ϶ԼӴҽҶǳϤ
šʮ룿ʱҶԭЩȱļ䳹׻ָ
ҲĺȻ֣ԼһҽǰԼֱûд
ڻʮʱҶԴٴδʹʲôȴһֱĥ
ڼžҶҲû̫ȥ׷ǽ䵽ǰϡ
Ȼҽһ㾫ͨԼܹˡ
ǰ֮ԻʲΪȶ˾ƣܵ˴̼ϵͳҡ
ëǳΪҽҩЧθһЩЧǾȴǲû̫ơ
ҽ֮еģȴܹĸѨλƣھ񼲲ҲŲЧ
ҶյĹʮͳҽ뷨Ӧû˿⡣
ù̵ˮݹ֮ҶҲ̧֣巭תһöٵ¡
Ѩ
Ѩ֮һλؿģǷǳҪһѨλ
̼Ѩܹƿ⣬ǰôƣҶ˿ҪȰ佫ƾŽ
Ѩ֮Ҷ䶯ܿ콫תһӣ¶˺󱳡
ͬе仯ϰ߰ĺܿץ£һεѨλ˱Ѩ֮ϡ
šΪѨλܵ˴̼źһȴû


421 ָ
Ҷﲢңƺε֮̽ҲеµԽԽ졣
ʮԹűŴУյ˺٣Ҷһ
Ѩ
ء
Ѩ
Ѩλһһԥ£Ѩλλû˿Ĳࡣ
Ҷƾոһصļ䣬ʮȫ˳ַͬޱȵҽһ㣬ܿǽʮöϵʮŴѨ
Ҫ֪ҽʵǳΣգѨƵЧȱҪȫѨλ׼ȷ˽⡣
֮ʱŲʧ𲻺õ顣
弫ΪѨܹβʱܹɱˣϾҴѨλҲǻ˵ġ
һҲֻҽҶԼʵģŻơ
ҶļһƳȥ˵Ķû˭ţϾڲ˵ӡ֮УҽһͷӵģԽҽŻԽߡ
ЩҽļһǿҶ˿̵ĶҲᾪĴ
ѸٵѨҽĴѨ׼һЩҽ޷
Ҷﵹûоʲôܹ㣬ȫļԹܣʹû˿ϰ
ʮЧǿ£ϵĳ֮ɫܿȥָķɫ
ˣҶｫʮö˻ٶȲ鿴ڲûзֵ״
Ҷ״ҲһԼЩʵϵģǰļ䲻ԣôɾĲ֪Ҫôˡ
ʱֻǻʹ࣬ûȫǾȫκá
ΪҶҲе˲ʲôһĶĻǰߵݿѾָٴˡ
ԲΪҪĵطҶҲǲֻȻڽôҲ֪
Ҷһָ֮һЩߺһû
ҶƵʱ˳ѨλɢȥڻܵľƾԴ˿Ҳ˺öࡣ
˿ҲѾҹȻܺǰЩ˵ݣҶȴܰ⼸һ
ҶҶΪǰ߻ʵ˯ȥʱһ΢ȴһ
Ӧ֪֮Ȼһ˵λ
˯Ҳ֡Ҷȥһ˿亹ڴ֮ϰҲǷһ˿֮С
ò˵ڵ˯ŵʱ򣬷¶ӰЦͬʹһвһ
ֻһĻ˭Ҳ뵽̹ܽ٣һӵɱ˿µĳƺš
ţҶҲ¶һ˿΢ЦôǰԱߡ
ڵȶٳʲôĻٿҶҲܿоƣ룬ֱԱſ
Ҷ
߶һ䣬Ծһ㣬ץסҶ󣬾˯ҲǴĹŹ֡
һҶﲻѶԷŪѣҲֻܿЦһǰȥˡ
ŮץţƺҲǲԿ
һ˶ɹ


ڶһ磬һļ֮ںҹư֮д˿ͷʱͬһΧ˹ȥ
ӽϿʼǱһֱĻ⣬Ҷͬһ䷿һϣʲô
ҶﲻڣǺܿĵٶľ֣ĵľҶûиϰһ
ԼȻһΣգһҶһ֣ǿ϶ǳٲ˶ߡ
Դ˴ҲǷǳߣ˵ͷ˿һΣһ˾ҶضѾ˹飬һ˾ûô򵥣Ͼձ̻ҶųĹϵ
Ψһûͬĳ¹ΪҶѾһ˫ɹձ̺˫ϲš
Ҹи뷨˿ȴڲµĽ׶Σ˭ȷʲô
֮֮ʱҲ·ڵһʱռźһ㣬Լͬĳȷǰ˹ȥ
һΪİȫҲΪҶһϣҲǳйŮᷢʲô顣
ΪǰҶҲҪǰȥţҲû˭ȥţֻܵȵҶԼ
Ȼոһ¼Ҳʱ˲˵עȻ֮ⷿǷʲô顣
߿߿Ҫ
쵰ȹģ
ιˣÿ
Աѹ͵á֮ͷ˼ڷ⣬ϴգҪʲô
Ǿڼƴʱ򣬷ȴǸ֨һ
ҶҶ硣˵͵ΪȻȫ¶ǰ֮Ҳ¶һ˿εЦݡ
ʲôҶûһ󲽴ӷ֮˳
һۼľƺǷʲô̵ɴ۾һ䣬Ҷ磬ôָӡ
ŲӵҶɫһ飬аһﲻ˵ôĺĺ
ľ˵ںҲǷӦ˹̻һ飬űӺͳݲ۹⿴Ҷ
Ҷ磬û뵽ˡ
ʲôˣľ׼Цʱһȴڱֱһ£ûŵſȥ
תͷǿѾָɫվǰĿɨ˼ˡ
㡭ʲôʱġľǳ鶯һ£ҲЩ͵˵
ȻƽϲΪֵܼ˼ȵ㻰⣬ȴ򲻸ҵ˵ġ
ȻĻȴǱضǼΪֲĳͷ
˵ʱ򡣡ɨǰһۣʱľŵĲᡣ
ľȻҲй飬žһһ˵泾㣬ھȥѾưɲˢһ飡
һ顣ϵûʲôݣǵȻĵ˵ͷһ䣬Ů


422 ֯
ҪˢŮľҲ¶һ˿Ƶ飬ƺзŭ˼ҲǼæƨƨߵˡ
һáͷ˿ǰȻҲǹЦ׷ȡЦǰûá
ҶҲľһͦ˼ȻǸŹЦһ
û뵽ȴһߵǰ³һ䣬ҹ
ңҶЦʱĲԾգӡ
ҶﾭôһҲЩۣڴ֮˯ˣ˯֮ʱ֪ôľסҶֱۡ
ʱ˵ŷǳǣһ
һҹ֮ڵľƾѾӷ߰˰ˣҲǻָ
Ҳ˵ôӵɱƺŵֻˡ
ӣǾԲҶġ
֮ҶܿǸܵҹƬܺǵضıӦ
˯Ժֱӱһϣĳ˹
ͦ׼͵Ϯ߸ɵʱȴǶ˫Ŀڴ϶Լ
飬ҶЩ飬Ȼʵʵһƣȴ˿һ֡
ָӡȻĽˣǻ˱ˣҶﻹ治ưոݡ
㣬ƺǵҶûظһеĻӣһֱȥ
ƣ˼ȻҶȻޱȣʵĸ˹ȥ
ۣҶˣ
ľ³ȻûиͷȺһʲôѵһĻ֮󣬶ʱ̲ס
ϾҶʺָӡͬӡһ㣬˵ʲô
ͷȺѾ֮ռļһȻǲŹᡣ
ˣҪȰ
ҶҶ磬֮
ǾưɵŮˣһҪҶΪʦ
Ҳ֪ոܻôҲ֪Ҷܲס
Ȼû˵Ҷ֮ĹϵȻѾ΢ı仯Ҷӡ֤
ḻļһѾܹҶ֮绨ѩµĹˡ
Ϊ˵Ҷ˿ȴһĸĥһҪô졣
ҶҲ֪ǲǼԼʲôϾǴȥ˲һڶԷϲ£žվǰ벽ľ롣
Ǽ˵ߣʲô¾Ͳһôˡ
Ҳ뵽Լ˻ⷬģһĻͷ˿ˣɾȫˡ
ҶŶԷ϶вԼҪ˵ȥû취ҶԼ飬Ҳֻ֪ĵܡ
ϧģǼܵˡ
ҪɵĻµһɵľ
ȻҶ˿ȴû취ܡ
Ͼ̫ҪǰŪ壬Բļعٵˡ
ҶܹǸ˵ϸоһΣյϢȻ֪ΪʲôֱߣǸӾԲʲô򵥵ļһ
ƺǾʶֻǿϵôöѣйϵǿԿ϶ġ
ҶаԴ⣬ӻ᲻һʲôģҪĻǿ鷳ˡ
ǰߺ˼ʱȴǴҶ˾ưû˵һ䣬Ǿֱͣ
ʲô
ʲôҶ˰̣һϲС椸飬ĸë
һƣȴʵʵڵİˣϾǣ˶Էֵһʵġ
ûʲô˹ȥҾͰͻ˷䡣ҶȻпϲԼǿȥһ鷳ȴûʲô仯Ȼ˵
ģӿһĨɵɫ˫Ҷ·Ҫҳʲô
ϾӳӵǿһѸƭĿ⡣
ҶҲǼ򵥵Ļɫôᱻ׿£ֻ΢ЦһĿǰߡ
̹ף̹ױҶ˿񶨵ԭ
ʱΪʲôҵ֣Ƭ֮׳һɱܿҶǳ˳顣
ҶҲ˼Ծ֮ˣܿش̫ƣҰ鿴һ״˳£Ϊٳ£Ծû뿪ץ֣˯֮СģϾ˯ץϰߡ
ȻδѵԼץҶǰ߿϶ɵֱ׵˵ϾǾԲ飬˵ŷ̰ΪԼ鷳
β˼죬Щʵ
ӡ֮УҶֻǸֲؼһҽβ˵Ķǰ߸մϱߵġ
˵˵ĻһǺУβôס
ԲǰǲܵʲôĴˣһֱҶĻȴжһء
ȷʵйỊ̆˵ͷȴüʵͷǸİɣҲԼܹ
ҶȴҡҡͷͷҵĻҿĲҪҪǣ״㣬ʱĻܻܿᷢõ顣
һ֪һֱûʲô취ȻΪΪʲôһ̧ͷ˵
а취κ㡣Ҷ°ͣȴĵ
ùٵҽҽҽйƾʲôΪܹκңȴǲǰߵĻǿڷʵϾҶ֮ǰûһҽӣ˵Ļʵš
Ҳ֪֮ǰô˵ҿȷа취κ㡣ҶЦһĹʮ֮еļžѧѨλųǧϰٸÿһѨλŲͬĹЧ
һֱҽµһҽ֮һһоȴ޷侫衣
ΪĶҽַҪ󼫸ߣڿŸ߿ƼҽƵĽ죬ַѾϱų̭Ľ׶Ρ
УҲĻ˹Ҫ̫ࡣ
İɣκ˲Ǯβô졣Ҷ˰֣ûйͣʮƵʱ򣬱Ƿ˶Է״
ƺΪԲֵ෴Ӧľ״̬żųѰҲΪʲôܰҹԭ
ܹκٺò˵
OKҶ˸ֲָһ䣬Ҳ֪ΪʲôҪЩ˺ȣԺǲҪȾˣ̼ϵͳӰ첡ġ
ȷʵ˺ܶƣǵ÷ʲô˵һ䣬ƳҶأ


423 ɱı
ҲǵˡҶﷴӦɿ죬ܿµضԼ֪ԼЩõ飬⻰ȻԼҪ˵ȥ
Ҷֲɵӣ鷳϶ȥ˵̬ȡ
Ǿͺã͵ûзɡƽ˵
Ҷϵͷ˿ǰ纮Ůӣȴ̲סǸСһԼһϲ
ʵԱǸΪĿɰҲӵʵ
ֻʵԣ
Ȼвͣ룬Ҷȴǲʲô׷ʵ˼æ⳶ĵʲôˣҸоǲʲô򵥵ļһ
˵ףһзԭΪӵãĻЩ鷢
ӵݣҲǱԽ
̧֪ͷ֮˸Īɡֻ֪鷳ûкô
˵ɣ֪ҵģŪҶᰲġҶҲ
ȷʵܵвŪôᰲĵġ
֮ͻ
ҶЩĽظһ飬ϵʲôɿʵ֮ǰʲôϵ
̾һŻ˵һ飬һصĶ飬Ѿϵǿ󲿶ˣ⻹ǰﱸһ֧žӢеľӢɵĶ飬ȡΪ
ɣǸ֯һЩϲôĹУӲòٵĲŷɥʱ򣬾ǰĶӳ
ǰĶӳҶЩԾĵѾǻļΪǿľ֯ͻȻİƺΪǰȻǰ֮ǰĶӳҲЩ㵡
׼ȷ˵ǰǰһζӳڰζӳѾˡ˵
쵰Ҷһ̿ʵ
Ȼܿ˵ͷȷҶ룺֮ǰеĸӳңҸ¡
һ֯ľ»УǰС鶼ܵ˵˵ŵضԵصϮǰȫû
ǴжҲ˲ԾҪϸ֮ٳ̹ܽȴǼΪû⣬δͳһ֮³˶飬鸲𣬰֯ʧ
ҵ˾ڱһöıը֮ƬɵģһǽһʱΪ⣬ĳԱѾѳְҲ֪ԭǸһҲ
Ϊʲô˰ĶӳҶЩɻʵ
Ǽ֮Ҹ˳ͻһŭ֮±뿪ʲôͲ֪ˣֻû뵽ҳµİ
Щ˵ʵҲˣǸֻ֮һû뵽ܹҵһǿļһ
ǺġҶ˶٣ȴͻȻڵ
ͷȷʵҵģңҹĨҡ
Ĩ㣿ҶһΪʲô
һΰӳȻ齨µİôɵİͲҪˣΪѾ뿪֪֯ܣΪθˣȨĨصΣ
ҵʵû˻ǲõ֪˺뿴ҵԲŻøɼҸҺȾƣˣ˵ҵʵȷʵûлָͲֻǺȾôˡ
ô˵ֻҪ֪ʵûлָǾͻᶯ֣Ҷʱо˲ԣʵ
ӵľӢҪԴ˿̵ֵĻǿɾûаֵֿİ취
ҶҲ˵ܹһ顣
ôֻоκõĲˡҶصĵ
ʵǳǿ֪ԷָܹʵôǰҲǲں
֮֯Ļ֮һһ֮£֯ĸ߲⣬ܹ䷿䡣
֮Ҳõ¸壬ܹе˵ŲκζܹǵըҲƻ֮
ǽмһ߾̿Ƕᱻ޷롣
˿֮УһߴӰڻǰ
˫ֻۣͷ΢΢£·ڳ˼ַ·ڵȴʲô
̹ܽ׾ǿֱ֮֯һ쵼ݿɲһܹõġ
ɱ׾˵ֱͷ
ɱһִ֮Ϊ˶һŭ֮飬жȥ̹ܽٵְڻֱеľͷ
ʱһֱѹţ׾Ҳɱѹ֮£Դʧ֮׾һǧδѹȻΪ˹ֱһ顣
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ʱ֮ҵĴű򿪣һӰҲǴź֣ڹ֮С
һˣĿ㣬촽ȴǼΪɺ죬˼Ϣ
û뵽Ҳ̸Сڼӽʱ׾΢̧ͷźҲһĨС⡣
һֱྺĲţҲĲţǻǣƻԼĳһŷչʧȥơ
ɱ֮ʱűѹţǳһҶ
Ͼ֮Իǿ󣬱Ϊǵ̹ܽɱĴڡ
뿪֮ǴȺ׵ľ棬ܿ챻ѹȥϾ׾ɲʲô򵥵Ȼץסˡ
һʱĻ֮ҲǺָܿҳµͳߣİӳ
Ӷ·䣬ǿ쵼ºָܿȻûɱǰǿ󣬵ôѾ˸ıǮ
׾ҲǼΪɵ˵⣬Ϊһһ쵼Ҳʲô¡
׾Ҳ˲ٵĲã׼չԿû뵽ڼ֮ǰȴյϢҪԼ
ȻŲŵ飬׾ǲһǲݵģԸɴֱǰߵ˻ҡ
֣׾ҲǴһ־裬˭Ҳ֪ʲô£Ȼܹλã׾ȥһ¡
ǻĵֱλΪʲôܺú̸أһ֣Ա׾˵
˵⻰ڶԼЦôӵĳͻûͣȴ˵׾мЦЦΪδЩ


424 Эɽ
ǵֻǱζѣʱδҲδزԡ˫ֱǰȻ˵
ʲô׾ĵʵҪӶԷĿ֮пЩʲô
ģǻſԺĵطġ˰֣һѾһƬ
һӢˬŮűͦľװֻ˭
׾һ䣬Ŀ⾯Ŀʲô˼
ЦЦὫƬŵϣ󿪿ڵһɱ
ɱ׾ЩԾˣĽһ֮ǰĶӳôͻȻҪɱ˶Է
ô˵Ҳĸ߲㣬ҪٻǻſܣھȻҪɱ
ƺǿ˶ԷеĲ⣬ڽ͵齨µİ֮ϵľȻȶһЩ֧쵼ɱӰĴ󡣡
ҪɵȻͲ˷㣬ͿԳɹΪ̹ܽٵλã
׾ȻܹΪ̹ܽ٣Ҳʲô̲֮µ뷨˵
ĵ˵ͷ˵ȻʡϣҲǵͷ󻼣ܹĻ˵һ¡
£ҲǿǰߣȴŶԷĻش
̽ڻǴԼһ˳ֵ뷨һĶ֯Ѱ
Ϊ֮֯һʵͬСܹõǵİŰٷְٵġ
һҲֻһ˶ѣֻҪǰʧϣͱʧ
ΪʲôҪɵ̹ܽ٣ѵͻĻô׾Ĭ˰죬ȴ̧ͷ˵۾֮žâ
ɱûгɹôǶ鷳֪λʲôƢһûֺãҶǳԲ˶ߡ
׾ˣȻᵣôЦһɺǻ¶һ飬ҵȻ˳ֻȫ֧ʱһԸǣЩ
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򵥵ļ仰ȴ׾ȻĳͻǲܱڣŶһʧ
׾ܹѹţܴһԭΪɱѾ뿪Բܹľ档
Ҳ˿֮ˣ齨µİ֮󣬱е̬Ƚ
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˵ĻȻȴʵʵڵģ̹ܽ٣ܱȺһá
һˣ׾Ӧģ֮ǰǽԼѹƵģٴιֻΪ֡
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ԷͷҲ¶˼ЦݣƬ˹ȥ
Ƭڵĵַںһҽҹľưɹֻһ
ɱȻΪˣ׾ԣҲǲɹЦ·һΪϷʵϢ
ûЩǼ˵̽ȷʵǷѾȫָƺȥԻһصˣǸļһҪעһ¡
ˣ׾ںİ˰֣ǸӣһûеĹˣȻһ
ֻǸϢ飬ҽ黹Ҫۡ˵յϢǻμӵȭǺǵһվﶯֶ˷֡
ȭĻðˣǿ˳Ϊѡ֣ʱڳɱ˭Ҳֲˡ׾йâһɱⲻ¶ɫӿ
Ļλ֪ϢҲҲģʱְ˭ҲǷ˭ģˡ
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׾ȻҲǶùأִͬؿڴ
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֪˰Ĵ֮ҶҲǶһۣӲ֪ʲôʱ֣С
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ҶȻƲѣԭйҲЩģԡ
龰ȻǺܿ챻ձ̿УҶﵽԼ칫̸롣
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ձ̴ڵְҵװΪˣεĶȹ֮޳˫¶߸ЬгÿĻߣ˵ֱǼƷ
˵ձ̻˺ɫ˿࣬ʹ˫ȿΪˣҶＸΪԷ¶Լġ
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ң˵Ǻһһϣҵڶ㱻һ⣿
ձ˫ۣ΢һЩԭͲôʵĳؿڶʱ¶һƬѩףһԼܹһĨ̺졣
ɫģҶﲻ¶ɫĶ˶Ǽ⣬һҲ͵͵İ
ձȻǲ֪Է뷨ǿҶͻȻֳЦݺͻȻɫҲԼʲôʱЩŭһѶԷ⡣
ʲôأҶϵԼͻȻչˣʱ͵Ϯ˸ţʱ۵Ľг
ߣһˣå
ձ̼״ҲǲģǰȥһѣҪҶһ¡
ѾһοҶôϵļһձ̻ҪǰԼǲ㣬ֱǰһǰ˻С

ձ뵽Ҷ޳ܵļһ˴󵨣һСıǱԷֱ˻ʱĽһ
һԸåҪҪԣҶһĨаЦḩӣձ̵Ķ˵һ䡣


425 εҶ
Էⷬ¶ǵĻдߵձ̵ǿ˿˫֮ҲǲɸֳһĨ̺죬Եøˡ
һﻹҲʵǰɣ˽ô졣ȻҶϢŪЩԣձ̻Щ߷ߵ˵һ䣬˫ҲҪƿǰˡ
Ҷôװݵļһ˼ɣձȴǲõôࡣ
§סձ̵ĺ󱳣ôһ˲ǵβӵĵطȴ
ձȻǸоҶĶ˫ȴ·΢Сĵһ㣬˱ǹлˡ
ձȻΪ˴¼Ϊƽ׽ˣȴûĸҶǵһ
ǰߺԥĵ˺ҹưӣձ̻һЩ裬Ǵ˿һˣȴζ᲻֮ġ
ձȻϿǿһ˵˺ҹưɣһֱӪ
һжΪ޸һԼԸ޵ˣز
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زʵ̫ǿѹҲֻҶоһ˿˿ķɣԵҶĻʱձ̷ϣʱԾһЩ
ձɫģҶҲ̲ססձϸ֫ôǰߣӿ⡣
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Ϊ̫ˡҶͷ΢Щձ̵Ķͷĵһ仰
Ŀ佱ձҲǾЩ˼ȴ̲ס
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ȶ֮䣬ձѾı˫ۣһΪɬͼߺͬһ㶯ˡ
Ҷ״Ҳûп˼׼ȥ
ϴαձ̱ǲˣǱһ绰˺£ﻹЩ⡣
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ձҲǲ˲ԣæվҲԽͬʱҲǰԼɵ
İ칫ƽҪžܹģˣԼһѰ칫ҵԿ׸
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ƳһԵҶһۣǰߺȻǽƳ컨壬ӡ
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ھưûҵ͹սˡҶ˵һ䣬̧һöŷⶪҶУҲйϵ㲻ܡ
йϵҶ㶣æŷ򿪣Ƭ֮öɫǽƬС
ʲôҶüͷһ䡣
شȭӡǵȭ볡ոɶ˹ģõˣµȭǲˡ
ȭҪʼˣҶۣԹһĨأȻ֪ȭʲôΪսҹưɣȴǱҪȥһ
ʵڵȭ֮ȡʤûж⣬˵Щһڱʲôë
ʵȫӣ˵Σա
ȭ˵ǳΣգԵĻǽǲҪȥձü̲ס˵һ䡣
Ҫõİ취סưɣֻ취ˣǷսġ㳾ȴǵ۾˵һ䣬ԵüΪ档
ΪƾưɻʧȥǣԸҪʲôưɣձץסֱۣ˵
ĲһԵҶ￼ǵ⣬Ҳ̲סһ䣬״ãɴԼһȥҲûйϵ
Һܺã㵣ģֻҪԼͿˡҶĹƺûöԷ飬Ļδ£ĴҶĻ
ӦҲҶﶼ˰죬֮ҲֻܿЦһ
պö֮ϰ˵㣬ǵȭĿʼʱ䡣ùһöԼĺڽȭӡҲǲһ䡣
֮Ҳתܿ뿪˰칫ҡ
Ҷ￴ǰ뿪ӰҲԵЩΣֻܳ̾һܿתͷ㿴ձûɵĿⶢԼ
˵ûжʲôŮ˵ͬһ˵ͱ䣬ղŻܵˣȻ˲ǳ㡣
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ҪǼոյ顣Ҷϸֳһ˿аЦݡ
ձôױûдӦø߸ЬĲҶһţĽ˳ȥ


426 ͬһ
ձ̵İ칫ҳҶϷʵҲʧת֮ɫ
öڽȭӡҶｫС𣬰˵ηּļһ֪ûô򵥣һ٣˵ʲô٣ٳ
ںҵģؼҵز
ؼྩĳ壬ӰԶԶΪձ뿪ྩ˺ǣһƿضѲˡ
Ҷ¼ҹһҪһԿ̫Щ
ȻҶʵẦ¶Էձ̵ȴû
ز˼ɼӣȫ֣˺ƤؼȫʩѹĻôҹưǲܴڵġ
ʱҶﲻܹеˣڵֻһͨĴѧʦûκεá
ϴز֮ʱҶϵĹӸ粢򵥡
˵زһֱھձ̣ҶﲢûиоԷձǷ˼ֻ˵ʵزںձ̡
ǶԷȴûнձ˦¶һӣ֪ʲôĿġ
ֻ׷ձ̣ҶﻹʲôزȴǴ͸⣬Ȼûô򵥡
ֱܵһΣյϢûиʲôٷҴӦǰߵҪȥμӵȭ
Ϊģ뿴֮˵ڸʲô
ĻҶһٷҶ˳ҲһһĻ죬ûʲôͬ
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֪ձһŮȴΪԭҪȼ޸Լϲ˵ʱҲΪĲˬȻǲԹۡ
ϾձŮ䵽˵ƺô붼Щϧӡ
ҶﱾŷˮԭȻǲῴز
ҪȢţȹһ˵
ҶȻ£Ҳֱ֪أһٻûʲôɱزȴʲô򵥵顣
زؼҵĳӼ̳ˣݷͬСɣΪҪģؼҵ
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ҶѾǾưϵϰ壬ϰʱȫûй̶ͷ˴˸к뿪˾ưɡ
ҹư߽֣ѾȥѧУ̿ˣưֻһְѣڿȴҵˡ
ѧУǱߵȴܲҶ׼ǰѧУһˣԼ鶼
ԴϴεĶү¼֮ҶҲжûϵطǵģ⼸ļһҶĵ׻ͦϲģҲǲѡ
һ˿Ƽѧ³ǿһϤӰУſңòɷ羰
ӴⲻطôҶﻵЦһװͻȻӣһ˵ǰ˵
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ⲻﻹǰһ׷һܵľƣֻСһ𣬲֪Եжۡ
ҶáٻҶײƺЩ˼ͷȥĽһ
Ҷûһ꣬⻹Ǹųʦ̫Ķٻô
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ҶҲĲᣬһ̸ŮѣȻѧˣҪǿǸĲףҶھͰԧǿвɢһطɻĲNɪ
طȻǲ֪Ҷʲô§ס˶ٻļЦ˵⻹öϴİæȻĻٻٻҲῴҡ
֪ͺã㻹⡣һԵĶٻطƺЩҫͷˣҲǲЩŭҧǰݺһʱ۵ط۴С
ҴҴˣ㡣طɶʱӣʹȥҽиͣ
Ҷ￴ϤһĻĪһѵŮ˶һϲһУձƽϲû¸һ£ζֱǲš
ڿطҲʹ̣ҶҲ͵ЦӵŮҲҪ۵ġ
طȻǸˣٻôһû˿ˬһЦϴ
ٻΪҶڳҲûйΪǰߣܿǷ֡
طɺò״ħצ֮˳ҲǶʱһҶֻģҲΪˬһôòŻһ͵ſҵЦô
Ҷû˵ֱֻӱ˸ָĶطɽ˱ӡ
ˣүû鷳ɡ˶٣Ҷƺʲôɿһ䡣
үںǻǿԵģҪԸطɵ˲ʲô£ڶٻȻطһȶүǱ߱ضǼ䲻ģҶҲЩġ
ԼܳģҸ粢ûйϵѾٻصǸĮļˣҸæǵȭ飬ûٹҡٻЩ˼ĻشͬʱҲһ˿į֮ɫӿ
ԭΪүǸø磬㱻ƷˣҶǸ̰ͼɫָ֮Ѿ̣ˡ
ҶҲǵ˵ͷȻҵǷˣҪʲô飬һʱҡ
ģٻٻءطٻֱۣ̹̹˵


427 Լ
Ҫ˵ƽطƾŲҲǹϲٵӷٻ֮ȴʵĸһˣò˵黹ǸĶ
ٻط黰ҲǷһ˿ΣϾҶڳ¶Ҹı飬Ŀطɵļϡ
طɵСȻҸѣתתȴͻȻһ˿ϷʵɫͼȳҶ˵˵СӣȻôѵûǾͺúþһ۰ɡ
ð˵ɣȥġҶȻǲ⣬ͷӦ
ϾþûмھһҲǲ飬ҶڽҲܻ뿪Ƽѧ˵󽣿;Ҫֿˡ
áطɸ˵ļҶǳѧУȥ
˵һôôѧУҶ￴ʻҲЩɻĵ
İɣԼˣͲһˡطЦ˵ȻѧУǵȻȥѧУ۱ȽϺá
ðɣǡҶЦЦҲû⣬طɵĽŲ
طЩһҲ֪ҪȥۻᣬȻȥѧУĿ֮ŷ֣ƺЩԡ
ҦԶγ⼸һﶼڣģǵ߶һŮټطɣĸ˸պôһĶ԰˸ˡ
ôһֻҶһԵüЭڰ˸˵зͻ
⡭ʲôҶҲû뵽ʱԭء
ҲǺܿķӦ˹ʱԱߵطɣǼһ͵Ц
һҶʱطԼҲȥһһȭʱǰ
Ҷ
Ҷ
Ҷ
˴ֵʱ򣬿ȹγҲǷҶĵʱ׷˳
һڻˡطɵȵ֣ʱҲǷ𷴿ʼҶѹһԡ
ԡ
ϾԼѣҶﲻó汾ԸˣֻܰЩһˡ
ˣô£һҶҲͣһ䡣
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ҶŭҶƺжֵ˼طɺܴѡ˷Դ˵ǼԼһδŮѳһۣΪҲոոٻһû뵽ͻȻܳСӣһˣԾſһ㡣
һҶԷĻҲЩЦãֱȥطɡ
ԷȻҲ׼ЦŶ㿪ˣҶץԼĻᡣ
֮£ҶҲֻܽ뿧ţΪĸһĵݡ
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˵ҶҲŲٵŮȷϵȴûһ
ΨһϵģֻձˣҶûнز⣬ҶҲȷʲôϵ
ȻҶﲢزǰؼңǲزձ̵δʱһġ
Ͼϣձ̻ؼҵڶĶϱҶڴձһ𣬷Ե˼ҵĶһ㡣
ҶҲ֪ҹưձ̿زµǮſģҲ˵ھưʵزģҶ޷̵顣
ҲȭͷܹЩһزĴ֣ЩȴϣԼӮ
ֻне飬ŻģεĲμӵȭҲΪ˳׽زǣ
ֻҪõȭʤܹúҹưɳձ̣زûһϵˡ
ʱٸձ˳µһ𣬿Ҳʲôˡ
֮⣬ȻϺƺһСҶȴ˿ʲôͷϾҲ֪⣬ɸࡣ
ȻҲһŮҶȴǲûʲô˼
ҶȻΪԼ㲻ǵڣȻǹһŮѶûС
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ǰյطɵϢҶ˿Ƽѧһġ
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ҶƼѧԼҲϲ⣬̷е˹
ҶȻû뵽طЩһﰵ飬ҲȫûԤϵҲǲ֪˵ʲôˡ
㲻˵ûŮôҿǸˣճ¯ֳɵģúðޡ
طվҶգգ۾һص˵
彣;ʣһ˵ҲȥγҲǺٺЦһ
ô͸̣ˣ˵ʵ粻İҦԶҲǴ˵˾䣬ո˵ǱԼŮѸ˹ȥ
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ԴϴطЩһ֮ҶҲǻȻĶԼ⡣
Ͼձ̻ûʽȷϹϵȻѾᵽձ̵ķӣǱϾϻֻѶѡ
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ܺáҶΪʲôѧУˣ˵㡣ļҶԼҲ͵͵ˣæش
Ҷȴðһ˿亹ŮȻԼԼɡ


428 ĪŮ
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˵棬ҶҲ֪ôȥˣϾֻ˵ô˺ġ
֪ˡϵЦݻڱţҶԸоԷۿѾʪܿ죬žӨӿ˳Ҷ粻ϲң֪ġ


429 ؼҴС
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Ҳǣ֮ǰҶǰת۶Է˸УŮѣĽѡ
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֪ѧУ˼Ҷİɫ˿࣬ôϷ˹ȥ
νȻӴ󣬵Ǵ˿̻һֻűץУҲЩɺһҸġ
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ҡҲǡû뵽Էô죬Ҳ뵽Լĸǰƺû˿вǻδ˵ǸоҶͻȻһֱӱ̧
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ǻˤ֮ʱȴǸоһֱֻڰ֮סԼ۾ǿҶԼ
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סҶһֱۣҲܣҾҪѣǵһҸ綫ˣ˶ǳ϶Ǹļһ
ΪҶᣬǵ߼Ҳˡ


430 
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ô죿˭ңһ˲Ժ֮иֳͷȴûһܹǰ


431 еΣ
Ҫ֪СȱذҶʱǳĸˣҲϲһˣҶܹȫС
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֪ҶĵֻǰԼ֮ĵҲĪָоһõαӲĻһ㡣
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ҶԭѾΪģֻһܹͻıȴ˭Ҳûϵ
ʱ֮䣬ҶֱǹȥסģĶ̬Ϊһ˲仹ץס˶Էĳɹ˾

鲢ûô򵥣Ҷץסģֱȴ쿪˰֮УǰѵĽ˴˿̸պôϷȱ֮˲ӹҶĸ첲˲ǴһѪ⡣
Ҷƺһȴûзƻһץסġ
׹ǷǳǿģҶܿǸо˿ڴٶȱ˺ѣѪΪֱ۵ѹ·䡣
˿·ץסģıˣҶѪ˿ڣ΢΢ֱۣҧԸɿı飬Ҳסˡ
ΪʲôΪʲôҪҶ磬㲻ǲϲôѪ䵽ԼȹϣҲɵɵһ䡣
ôΪʲôҶһٶȿʼҵˣҶҪˣҺϲ㣬ģǲһҪ֮ϲһָ飬Ȼϲ㣬ҾͻȥʹٶĴۣ
һȣҶֱ֮ȻֱӽĵӰ˦
û˦ΪһŮԣزûгһٽڰպ׵ıǱҶ˦˸ߵĵط

ǿǴ¥İ֮УôԴȻŵòᣬɼ
ⲢûκεЧЩΧȺҲŴˣһĻúõܰ˳ôͻȻͱ˸ʹˤ
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Щµ۾ܿǼԼѾƽȵķʲôΣա
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Ҷû뵽ǵЩ飬ҲǿЦõĵ˵˶ٴˣǸŮѣ
ǲʶһ죬ôܾĪĳΪʲôŮѣԷҲǾݣŴͥڵץסԼֱۣô᲻ᡣ
ƫƫôŮץֱƺҲʲô飬ҶҲûа취ǿнһ˦
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治ŮѣƺҲǸо˲ԣǰҲûǸҶôͻȻһˣ


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УɫôԵ޹ʿҶˣ
ĲǣҽŻѧУһμǡҶЦõ˵
ô˵һѧУ͸ҵϷСˣʱһȴں
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˭˽֮еʱҶǸоˣԲ֪һҪʲôֻʱ衣
ݲ԰ף͵ΣյϢȻҲһ֡
Ҹ˵ٴΣҪҵ飬ҿɾˣһŷŭӰں𣬶ǵӰǴ¥ݵͨͬ˳
С㡣Ǳļһﱻôһȣϸıʱˣæź󷽺һ
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ŲүģʱҲȥ￪ڽ˵ҳǴձ۹רҵıڣһ˶Ѳҵģһܹ֤Сİȫ
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ʲôתͷһԵҶһۣ֮ӿһĨмôܣĻĺӣǾԲҵĶֵġ
ĺӣҶƺҲתһǳ
ԷƺǴﵽһ׾Ŷ࣬һ˵ձߵѾǼƷˣֲôš
Ҷȴûǰߣǻĺһȴ޷˵ġ
ĵĲСҶظҲΪŵתͷҶһָ
ּƣҶûзЦЦ˵˵УĪУ
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ֻԼѰɣֻһѧѧʦ֪ôҶЦֱӿ˵
ҶҪ򶷣ʱȤððǿ˭Ӯ˭ҵıڣ
ӮӮҶıڣ˼Ȼ˷ܲѣҶȴûжȤתͷĵ
ѧʦվ۾´һۣʱȤû뵽ѧﻹô˼ʦȷʵҶ֣ҿɲʲôʦʱûʲôء
ҪܹܿԡҶ˵ñʲôˡ
ԸҪԵЩм˫ֱǰͻȻһתʲôһ㣬ٶȿ˵ȻҪԣǾͶĵʲôҪ˵ĻҪҲС㣬ҹСǸ
ϣҶЦЦҲʲôܶĶˣǲϲ˼ңҴӦҪ󣬲Ҫ˵ĻϹŻѧУȦϻҪעԼձˣôҺúÿ
˵ʵһеءҶһĨЦݣ֮ȴӿɫܽļһһ٣ƺҲͦˬ顣
ΪһĵˣҶɶձûʲôøУμȻôţҲǸܲˡ
Աߵļ˼ҶȻҪܣҲǲЩǣҶȴѾǳﳯ·ȥ
ĴС㣬һڵǲ֣ȻǷͬһıڣһձˣҶЩ˼ˡ
˺ܿڴѧٳ֮ҵһطǰҶֳɵĶ̫ȥʱʱŲ˸˹
ͳ֮սûпʼΧѾۼ˲׼ֵļһڵĴѧܵرģ͸ûʲôԭˡ
Ǻǣͷ㶪󡣡
ĳһȭͷһ׼սһģ
ҶҲû˵ֶų˻֣ΧʱһЦ
ΪǻƷɺӰƬеľ仭棬Բ˶֪ʲô˼
ʱĻǻƷɺͷд֮ʱӮ֮һʾϷˣֵľˡ
ڵģ˲࣬û˭֪ձˣĻȺĵĴѧ»һıһˡ
ƣﱾ鲻ãڱҶôһŪҲŭĳҶ﹥˹ȥ
һȭʹõƺڵձֵĲĹܹѸٵĻˡ
ҶһǶ㿪һȭ½Ƕû
ȭС鲽˱䣬ܿע⵽˱仯ежϵ
֮ôǿΪܹѸٷֱԷѧʽҴҳñԵʤ
֪֪ˣսʤǳ
ҿô㣡
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ĿֵҶȴû˿ԥֱͬһ˲ƿһߵһץס˳ĽŲ
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ǰҶﲻʹȭеС鲽еĲҲ˳ʱöԹΪԵĳһ
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ﻹɵԭأŲһҶǯƣҶȻ˹
ԽҶｻֳԽоԣȻǿܹԷԿ֮ɫȴѾзӿ
ҪԷԶԵ˵˽ڿֵзǳҪԳȻֵֻǶĹȴҲΪ˽⡣
ڸղҶｻֵĶ̶̼˲䣬Ǹо˾޴ѹԷͬһ޴Ĺһ㣬ʲôռݣÿһʹȻоݣǺʩչģ


433 ע
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ҪһĺԼŬģʮǸʦɽӴֵѾʮʱ䣬ܹ¯ĵز
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ҶҲǹ⣬Ƥƫƫλ׼ƨǸطʹĳ顣


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ɱһҶȻûбҪǰһѵǿԵģβ˵ģҶô飬ҲֻǳһƨϡãӰи²
ﱻôһ飬ʱҲǺƤ˵ζɲ˭ܹܵ˵ģҶ־ǴĺܣһȥʱƤϡ
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ԹԵȦ֮Ҷ﷽Žͬһĳﶪһԡ
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ԺҲǲóԼıڣûãʧ
¥¼֮ҲǿԼģҶֻһֶڳذҲνϲ
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ʱ仹ҪȥģҶܿյϢȭѾ׼ҪʼҲ޷ȥˡ
֮ǰ̫ȭʦݣҶȻ׼뿪ԻҪȥΰ칫˻㱨һ¡
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ֻɻ˰̣Ҷ淢ʲô飬ֱۿʼֱ˵´ġ
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ҶȻڿƼѧʦȴǿƼѧϵΣ˵ݰ˾˾Ĺϵ
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Ҷû뵽ǳȻؼŵĴˣԷֹеȭţƺҲǲ͡
ǶԷԼ軪ҶôԭµģǰʲôݣҶҲͬᶯ֣
ûҴģΪô򡣡̯̯֣Ҷֱ˵鵱ʱŲٵѧҺҲǴƼѧ¼ǷϿҲûʲôá
ʱǳԼҶﲢԼʲôԣԼûɱ˳ѾǼΪ˵ѡˡ
֪룬һĴ֮ҪҶٱһ
ô˵ô͸ô򣿡ĻشҲĲᣬΪϵΣ󲿷ֶģֻҪ̣ܹг۸񲻷Ƶɡ
ǵѧǴؼ޴̣УƽЩ飬Ȼǳ˸ˡ
µͶʣһƵĻᣬֻҪʽ֮ξͿӵһȼ۸񲻷Ƶıꡣ
ۿҪˣȴǱҶһˣﱻ֮󣬱ͨ˵Ƽѧѧ̫뺷ǰͶҪݻٰٷ֮ʮ


435 ְ
ľǽѾ䵽ǮӲקߣȻǰΪˬһеԭ򣬶ΪҶｫһ٣ҵڶƼѧѧǰߡ
ҾøôʹˡҶƳһۣĿڵ
ʲô̬ȣҶʦǿƼѧѧԺҪĻнʦʹʦҲ벻Ҫô
ξͲûİ𣬴ȻĳҶȵ
̬ȣôҸ㣬ٵֻǱǿƼѧʦݵľ
ңҶŴͣ˼һ𾪲ѵģ
²Ҫô嶯黹صģֻҪȥǸȽϽǣԿҪ¹ʲôģֻҪһҲ͹ȥˡ
ΣҾˡҶװ㶵ģɨϸֳһ˿Цݣ̫ˣһΪǱʲôأˡ
㡭û뵽ԷȻĻش𣬱ϾӡҶֻһûκС꣬ҹǿߺŲŽ
˵ݹҶӦǼΪҪģǳԷĸû뵽ԷȻ⡣
ĻѧУҪ֧һ¹ʰɡҶӣָƺھϸЩʲô
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Ҳ߳ŭŭ˵ԴӵѧУϵ֮󣬻ûǸʦôײ
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ǲѧУŮסˣձ˫ֱǰװһģոµҵ˺ֵչʾ˳
Ҷ￴ĲˣĻطɵ˵飬Ȼ˿Żᰡ
ձ̲κ˿˵һ۶ݵˣòûձ߹ŵʡ
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룬ձ̿˵һ䣬֮жҲΪĵġ
ҶаãԼЩæ飬ǰƣû뵽ԷѾص˵ز
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֪ˣһῴġҶһĨأȭҪһ˺ϣ޷ĻڼûйصĵȭоԻԿ


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ҶϤԼףͻȻȻ򣺡ѽѽϸ磬ʲô㴵ˡ
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Լֻһͨѡ޿ʦѾְˣѧУҲûˣճԼΪʲô
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һǰһһ·԰
ǰҶ˸ŪһˤȥˣŮҲҶֳĲһСѣҶĺ棬˿ûнԼţµĿģ˵36C-22-32ӦûûľȻôá
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ιԱԶѣô氡ҶһԼҪ֣˳ֿͨԲôˣû뵽ԼûñһÿһжǼΪǿɱУҶֲ̫ص֣ҶǱ
żϵë˲΢΢һЦȴʮֵı䣺Ҷȭûһԣֻ


437 Уְ
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Ҷͷ֪ʲô˼ճӽԼ¾ԲǵԼ̿Σضԭ򣬾ʱҶ϶һŵӡ
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֪ҶһӶ˦ǻԥΪʲôôңԼȴÿ춼أ
ҶŹֵڿ˿Լڵ˫΢΢ſ뵽ҶĻЦǵ˲쵽ӸϽվ
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Ҷ˵ԺҲǣԼѧ¥ȥҶĻĵϲһӱˣίĸо˲ɽͷ£߿ޱ߳ҶﺰҶ쵰
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طһЦĿҶһֹҶļҶطһۣ˵û˼ͳ룬ʡԺ鷳ǲѽǵĴʥ
ðҶѧôǻˣʦѧУ澹ȻĴ֣·ѧĿɿڴĿͯһʦһ·ܣ˵治彣Ͱиԡ
ѧУһᣬϰ࣬Ҷطǣ˾ưɣڲŸտţԱʰҶҲǷ׷׵ͷ
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Саͷڵȫ˴ĴָûУǵĴ磬


438 ֻ˺
ձ̽Ǵְҵװɫĳڽ⿪ſӣ¶˲СŻɫխȹβĹճһ˫ɫ˿Ϻɫĸ߸Ьݣֱ槼һĴڡ
Ҷѵһڿˮ߽ձ̵İ칫ңһֳֻϣŮԸ𣿡
ձҶս칫ҵʱѾ֪ˣװûˣ̧ͷһҶﲻκεԼڣձĵһЦһۣչҶϺݺݵһ£Ҷʹûиղˣʱ磺ιձ̣ÿζһаɡ
ѵ㲻֪֮ǰҪ𣿡ձ̼ͷüϣֻҶ˵ˣڲϰ壬ϰοԱɲҪŵģ㲻ˡҶһЦձ̧ͷ˵һ㣡ƿԣҶ˵ûҾưɣϰҶģȻҲ֪Ҷֻһͷձ̻Ǻ
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ҶͻȻձ̵Ķ洵һԵζҶ֮ɢİ㹻κһŮˣȻձ֮̾һ
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ձ̵˫ҶУϱ任״Ǹ·£ҶɿԸܵǰձ̴˿̱ϣҶ˳ƽԼĴϣձ̴˿ֻýݣоһ죬ձ̾һطȥ
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Ҷţаɲǡδ䣬Ҷ֣ͿһССĵͻȻǰνа壬Ҷ󾪣и֣ʵǿ
滮վŵӣѪ̷ɽ˾ıҶһҲûпʲôСƬģ
Ƭתķǳ죬ҼΪƾҶҲֻǿƬеĹ켣ֻƬͻȻ½һ³ǵϥǸֻǸνаʣµ˾Ȼͨһ£Ҷǰɫʮֵѿ
ߣҶû뵽㾹ȻСˣˣ̫磬ȭ
ȭΪȭ̽ԼҶа̾εȭı亼ǵĸְ
žһǾƱϵǸһڽΨһĿˣ˺ǺǵǸʲôаԼıҶιȥֵܣһȳһյĳ˺ҹưɵš
ʲôɻȥʰˡҶǳһߵͷߣȻ׵һͷϣͷֻоġ
һΡͷεĵ˵ͷ˵ͷ²ΪһƴĺܽʵҶͷҲ֪ΪʲôԼֵڵϣľվţһ㣬㹻ֵҶˣҶֻһѾǺܺˡ
ֵܾҪֵܷͬĻ


439 е
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ľɻͷŽ͵ң˵ҵԼ˿ΪԼˣŻôһȷʵˣֵܾӦͬˣûϱǰ򣬶ȴȻ
ľһ£û뵽һ滹̲ôණǵˣֻͷζҲֻͷ
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ͷЦһ£ԸľɻȥϱǶˣҪԼһƿę́￨Ҷصĵ˵ͷ
ę́þơ΢΢һЦЦưҺȰ׾ƣҲ⡣
Ҷջ֮һ޺Цݣʱκ˶ͱϵһ顣
Ҷ˶棬ȹһЦ˵ˣҿû㣬ƣ򵥡
ҶҲǿš˵꣬˽ñժ¶˱Ŀ
һİ̺۴Ӷͷһֱļιǣϸһ˵ٵʮ־£رһ۾˿˲
ôˣУʲô㴵ˡҶ򿪾ƿٱӦǾƿһڡ
ź졣ΪеźѧҶĶһڡ
Ƕүµƴ֣Ĵɱּ֮һ֯Sɱ֣СҶȻҲ֪ΪʲôͻȻ֣һְµĴܣҶź첢ûʲô⣬˺ܶԼθڡ
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£˾ȵȻེܿĽƿę́ɣҪ֪ǰ׾ƣơƵģƵģƵģм׾ƿġ
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źǺһЦѾˣҶͻȻ񷢺ݶŲԶĲݴԣʱôɣұ֤Ǻڡ
ҶݺݵĶǰȫ֮ɢɱź쵹һɱֽ˴뱲ӵˣɱ¶ûҶأҶϣж
ʱͻȻݴܳһɫӰҶϸһһϰ·˺õŮˣ°ȹҲƵĲӣ׻ĴȣԵʮˡ
ɣҷݶŲݴѵڰµСڸˣ᲻С椿ԼȲӢ˦Ͷͱˣ
Ҷô룬Ծĵ˵ͷܿ϶Լ뷨֪ͷסŮ󣬾Ȼ󺺣ﻹذס
ȣԭҪӲϹС椲ҲõŻﰡ
ֻǹﾶֱҶ꣬ҶоһŮķҶȴ׽һϸڣ·죬ͷҶԼϵˣΪ˿̣޿ˣǣ
СѾͷҹ˯׷Ϸ̫ѧҶų뷨ôֻʣһ𰸣ǲ֪Ϊʲôһ˳˼󺺣˼ҰϵݴҪӲϣ
뵽ҶͻȻоһŭΪʲôԼ˵򼸸󺺵ԽԽ䡣


440 ˧Ҳд
ҶаЦһǰվһȻ˵ûʲôøУֻһòŮ˶ôһ黳ȻϲңôҵĶҿԲҪԶǱˣȾָ֡
ļɫףҲ߲Ƶӣźһ£ſһϷҶǵù
ֵܣ£Ļ͹һȥС椽үˣʶģһүˣ˵ãһŵָҶ˿ûп
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һŭͷӶݺݵĶҶһӣ缸ҿСӡСܺХһ
ҶЦһӰһѾٶȣЩҶĶֻ֡Ҷǰұˣֻӡ챻ʲôаѾ£Ҫ˵Լںձ̹һ˳˭֪⼸һˡ
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ҶվӵֱۣһۣҪһٰʮˣɱĺҹ
ֱ꣬ǷˣҶ΢΢һЦһӵĶϣһӱҶڵأҶ׼ʱһֵֻ档
꣬һѾԹۣ۵ͷ󺹣ҽҶû̧ţӵұϥǣһ壬ӳ˹ȥ
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ģΪ㡭˵һëҲܷҲʮ˾꣬ᣬδ˵꣬ҶվǰҶ￴Ŀ־壬ͫҶץǷһͷ𷢣ϥһģͿǽëѪ˫ֺȫڲ
ҶҲҲˣЩȻɶ񣬵ǻҶץŽëͷڵУʣǰ˭Ҷ˵
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ҡҡͷеаȡҶｫԼƷ£ϣֻǴ⿴С椺ܿǴϵģ»е䣬˭֪ǵȻΪ˹ģҶղΪԼֳ֣ķŭǴûмġ
Ҷﶼ֪ԼǵУĽֶһٶ֡
˵ǣҹģڼ˯ҶڽϣȻҲҶҶΨһ
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ձ̿Ҷﻳǣüŭ˫ֽ汧һ԰˵˫ǰ棬һЦһԵĺȴӣһ˿ˬҶԼŮձѾˣǼѾһˣҶĴմǲݣȻŮò˵ձ̲£ҲҶɻĽڡ
һ߷ŭձ̴˴ĺ󱳣ʾߡ
Ҷ￴ձ̵ı˲䣬֪ˣŮ˵жô᲻֪͸оһձ˹ҶźİҪǿ࣬һҶ͸оͣôô͡
̣ҡҶﻰ˵һ룬ձ̾ϳѸٿλһͷûҶֹͣƬ̡
Ҷﰵ̾˿ˣٻͷۻǣ˯ṳ́ʵһҶĻ꣬૵ĺҶ֡
˭ø糤ô˧ǸŮˣѵ˧ҲҵĴ
Ҷεﺰ


441 Դ
ҶұǵȫҲûʲôԸԼģǵ˵ãҶﲻʲô˾ӣϵ֮ǾǵϢ
Ҷû취ֻȽС椴ؼңȥѧУҲ˽ˡ
Ҷһ·쭣ڻζղŵָСκƣҶﶼûס뽫䣬С椡
һ뵽زҶźĻزٶǿ϶Լû취һˣҪԺҹưɻκһˣҶֻܱȫձ̣ˣҲɲ˼ңʱԼɱزԼֵܶˣʲôأ
Ҫ취Լ⺼վסŲǰ
Ҷ۾ƣһ˦βҶ̧ͷ˿ƻţձ̵ķ䡣
Ҷôձ̽͵ʱô򴰿ڣҶ³ӡֻƳһۺǣһЦһ·Сܻص档
Ůʲô˼ҪЦ
Ҷ˫ֲ̧ͷغһ˵˾³ɣʱ䲻ˡҶ﷢ڰ·С椾ˣҶҲ𴩿ҪʲôϷ
һЦ˻ؼң⻹ͷһΣҲǽҶҪԼǷܾ𰸿Ѿˡ
ˣѾ֪סˣڿԸ˰ɣȥһ˿ģҶ㻹ǲˣҶؼˣھȻ˵⻰
Ƕ˶ţƲͷһ˭֪ʱԵζͻȻϯȫ͸оһ˿Լı
Ҷ΢΢ͷǶ˵ǣ㵨Ӻܴ󡣡ҶͻȻǵԤ֮⣬ƽҶԼǰģԼȥƿôһת̬ȡ
²ſʼڣΪҶϢ̫ǿԼ޷жȫӲվҹ£ھҶ·Ҳû취
ҶĴŪǵĳŮķˮζҪΪҲҰô֪𣿡Ҷ˵꣬ͻȻ֣ǵһ§ס˽š
Ҫɻ£ǲ˼ġҶͻȻһתǵǰһǰ˵ķ;ҶţҶͷǣֻСѾͷ˫Ŀݷ⣬ͬʱŮԽĿ
ܲ
ҶͷǵĴŸѵˮҶ͸оͷϱҵһǺǺǵЦҶ˵ãˣ
֮ҶԴȻ¥̨ϣձ̺ûһ˵˵ЦЦﻹŰһӡ
ڵ˰ǲ֪ƣ컯ҹģҲ֪ܻˣ˵ǲѽձ죬ûпҶƵġ
ҲһС㣬ƽｿģҲҶǰŮǶԼвģ̵ǣǻҶסһǾһ˫ֹҶĲӣ˫
ôô죿Ѿϣձ̿϶ԴףԺ󻹲֪Ҫʲô£ô죡
Ҷﻹ˼Ǿ˫ҶоһͷԼŮԵζҶ
ƴˣԥԥģҶķŮϣǻ
ҶһһУϵָӷȥһǵβϡ
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ԭͺĵѪ糺죬Ҷͷ
ߣձصĺһʱҶоԴһѣΣǰһڣڰ֮УһӰ֣ŵɫĳȹԼһͷֻҶôҲ
ֻŮӵ˵챣ӣҶһû£ԸԼҶƽ
ҶݷҪץסŮӣֻԼһ·񱼣û취ӽŮӰ벽Ҷ֪ԼһʶԼܵˣҶʧȥ˼䣬ôҲ벻Ůӵݣ
ٻҶﾪѣǰϤıһ¥ԼɳϣΧŮˡ
ԼôˣҶоԴʹ˳ܵӰ죬ģģģֻݡ
ôˣҶȥʵڼֲסԴ˵ҶܲˬĴԴһԣüͷʵԴҲҵĺ
ҶûգתͷǺձڳææµµʱĻõģ
ҼңҵĶ
Ҳܣõģ
Ҷ﷭һۣĻ滹ܻӭĽεε
ֻŮͷһӳһһ룬ðձһҶߣڲ輸ϣҶ˰ɣļ棬ͻȻεˡ
˭֪ʱͻȻǿձ̣ͬһ룬ҲҶ㳢رģţ棬ĺóԡ
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ҶһͷۣŮΪԼԴ⿴Ҳʲô
죡˽ʮӵҶʵܲˣĿ˵ȥ˯
Ů˳һ룬Ҳû뵽ҶͻȻ쭣ٶһЩӣٿҶƺЩû취ձֻúһ£һǣŤβ¥
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أǻҶףҶ׺ܴøסǵΣ¶һ׾ȣԵջ
ˣһȥѧУǡ˵Ҷȥϴ˰⡣
走ΪС椣ӽֻ˯ˣҶҲǹ˼˰ɡ
Ҷｫεͣб棬֪£Ӣ۾֮󣬻ôķ粨
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󡭡үزתͷ΢΢һЦһ߰˸ˣûһĵط˵ѾӣСܣȫû˺
֪Ů˭𣿡زƱûӻش˵ҵãԣ֪˰ɡ
أſڵıӵԴһǹѪء
ҶͷҶã͵ľ򡣡
ڶһ磬Ҷʱһһҹ˯ĺܳû뵽ʱǾȻԼ⵹Ҷһ
ĪСϳԼ˯͵͵ԼɶˣǻƺϴˣҶ﷢Լ·Ҳһ


442 
Ҷ￴һ±ϰ˵ʮԼĿʮ㣬üһҶر⡣
ԼͻȻǰһڣ˹ȥ֮϶˯ĺܳ²ԼʧɵĴʱʧЧҪ֪ƽʱҶֻҪһз紵ݶܹҽ뵽һ䱸״̬
ƽ˯ذˣҶʵĽ
ǣҶȥ·һŷ⡣ǵ·춼ĲˣҶǿóһԼ·ϣҪţ͵СвģҴҶ·ҶһȥѧУⲻҰ
ҶҪһձ̵·һ뵽ϣǱȥˡ
ģȥȡҶû취õİ취˯ʣˮ۾עҶҶħ֮ͷϣϵսǺǿģ
Ҹ㳿
ҶǾͳţڼˣʱձ̺϶ûйŮǹ߻ҲǺпܵġ
˳ӲҪʻҶһɫ°ҶĿ˶̿㣬ĲŪͷҶﲻٿһţӶŶ
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Ҳ˼ǳ°ɣҶǳûպãһġ֪ʲôʱձ̵󣬻˵ձһԲֻоԼĪί
Ҷ쵰
ָ·ģⶼ쿪ѧУˡΪһ·ֻһݵĿҶ΢΢ЦҲ˵Ҷûа취ֻʱѧУȥ
ҼҵȻѧУҿסģءǻһƣ˫ص̬ͣνǡ
Ҷûа취Ƕô˵ˣֻȰͻᣬһ·Ҫ˿źá·ڹ䣬ҶѧУſڣȴס
Ҷ˰죬ŷԼĽʦְ֤ʱѾȥˣﻹʲô֤ڵҶȫѧУ֮ˡ
Ǹ磬˼ߵĴæûдʦͬΪҶ֪ǵ࣬ÿſڿŻҪЩ˵ġ
ֻȫûҪҶӣüͷмĿһۣûпýѧУĹءȫûҪӵӡ
ҶļһⱣβҶҲָǣ϶һѧ֤ĺѧ
ĳѾ죬ҶҲǲⱣ̫ʶ̧ˣҶԸǣǧ³Լţһѵ֪ʲô顣
һɫĴڲͣİȣҶﷳźʲôûڴ𣿡
˭֪ȫûк˵˼һŭҶҶſЦһ£ߵǰ׼һ棬û뵽ͻȻţҶľȣôô
ӳһ˫ɫĸ߸Ьһ˫޳Ȱɫ˿൱У˿ྡͷһխȹҶ￴˵ס
ɢڼĺںɫưɫӲ֪⻹⣬ſӾȻţԼ¶ɫ֣гʵ˫塣һĺɫףؼǣŮ˵
ͬձ򹲴״̬ҲŮеɱ䣬һȫ㣬ȫɢųʣŮӵĴ֪һһְҵŮԡٺܾ£ݷһһɶ칤㾫£ҶѪڵǣһﾹȻһ۾΢΢üһˬĿҶ
ϵҪҪôҰ
ΧвѧפۿȻҪǿǸģֻ̧̧۾ʵҪǽȥϺ⻹Ͽء
Ҷﱾһӻ𣬵ŮʵУƦɢҪ档
㣬İɣҽҶĵ绰𣿡ҶĿ㣬ıֳҶԤϣһ˵ôϷ˼ңһһ̬ƢõֱӸ߸Ьˡ
㣬ȻҶ΢΢һЦװڴͳһƬݸҶҶӹһдšʦϯʦ
㾹ȻǸʦһʦˣ
ҶȻǲãһκطʱᵽʦʵǿұҪֻǮˣǰ︻͵ĸѹեͨϰգֻҪǶԷǮǾͽӣ˵һȺ֮ˣһ汾µˡ
Сܵܣݽ㣬㻹ʮأӵʱܻѧɡҶһΪջ΢Ц
ҶǺҲţѹű˴򣬽챻һҶ˳۾ϹҲסϻǱʿЦݣ׼سӵ˲͵͵ԼĽš
һûע⣬ҶҪ浹£ҶһʱˣֱۣҶｫۿҪϣȴ޶ԣһЦĿҶ
Ҷһ㶨ǲ˻ֵܱȻˣôûɲС
ҶҲû룬ȥһμˣȻѧУſҶ˵ԼһǲȹʺˣõԼԿ
ҶԤϣͷȻӭԼʪⴥһҶʶʱ򣬲г֣ǡ
ǾҶĶ䣬ҶصʵֺȻͷ촽ջӷ˵С磬Ǹѽ
ҶﳶǾԼ֣һ˵ǣҪΪʲôˣû˸ôңڣҾ㣬ûһΡǵɴ۾Ҷ˵ĶԣԼûһëǮϵ˭ʲôҪԼ򱨸档
һ뵽ίһαŷҷǳǿңֱۻǰȻΪҶСѣһϷһʲôԼҲǴ֮ˣкη
Ҷ￴ǿޣҲǱԼǺһ棬ؼң⣬еһ飬¾ע˰ɡ
ҶʲôأҶ˵ãγȻ˽γҲпΣֺɲɵϣ
Ȼγһ˿ĽʺޣҶһȭСӣŮϰ


443 
ҶУſôһ֣˲£ȫУ֪ǺҶĳַϵԿԽԽ󣬼ҶﱾУ԰ķʦ˲һܵ磬Сձһʱ֮䣬У԰Ůԣϣ߽Ҷߡ
ڵҶԴߣһγСͱȥģǱУƽطһһ̸ۣǶСȤڱҶˣ⼸ǲģܺҶپͺڶ١
Ҷݣ¸ְԺĵһÿΣ߽ݣѾвѧڵȴ¼һҶˡ
Ҷ磬ͬѧǶܸܹأҲ㡭ļҶҲûǰε飬ǷǳȻߵѩѩҲһЦݡ
Ͽ죬Ҷ￴ٶˣЩͷۣϢҲ̫һ㣬֪Լȫһӵϡ
ҶｫٷֳַСӣֱжǰĳѵҶӵʱһµӰ˽
Ҷ￴һۣͣ⣬۾ˣ۾ȫѪ˿·һȳһյģҶ￴ʹһ䣬ɫ棬ȻѪҺ
ͿҶѸٵ˦Ҷﵱûʼӡ
̫пһпһȡҴһСʱȥҶһӣһ¿ΣͿʹȺߣҶһۣں档
һйŹ֣ʵԣһͨСԴ򲻹ΨһĴ𰸾ǣһֶˡ
Ҷע⵽ͽһ·ܵ͵·ԼȭԱûдк֪˹ۺϡ
ۺǿƼѧ˹Ϊش£ܹԶۺĺһƬ֣ƽ˵һЩ鵽ŮŮ
͡һĿƽĺ棬ҶֳΣ¡
Ҷʦô᣿
ʲôôᣬ˼һ˵ɣûˣʲô¸˵˵ҶﻹǱȽ͵ģƾԼı¾ѧУ濪һţǺǸУ˲֪ţţһ»ܹʮĴ룬Ҳб¡
ҪǣߵĵܸҶ֮ԶţҵܲٳߵĵҲҶ͡
ͳĬϵ££û뵽Լ࣬Թ常һĪе¸ͺܴĴ
常ǸɵİɣҶ͵ֱۣӳȥһĿĵ˺ۣҿùӻģ
ܶﰡ
ҶͻȻŭĺͣҪǸˣҴ㣬һȥǵѣӴǻɣ
͵ĻشҶ⣬һֻܵĹһĵͷ­ҡҡͷ˵ûõģҶʦǷ常һʲôֻ
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ҶݺݵһƣԲӡǸڲ֪Էʲô¾͸ҳͣһߴߣûһֻΡ
ͣǲˣ˼Ҷ۸̶ֳˣ㻹Ҫ̵ʲôʱ㿴ν常νʦֻѣΪѧУгҪ׬Ǯֻһߣ㿴𣿡ҶԽԽŭôһ˲ţûɾôûȥ
Ҷﾾ͵Ĳӣ棬صˤڵϣ̣ʼգͶĿͣһԲ
ҿͣԲԼҲԲļˡҶʧĿڵµͣ˭֪ͻȻһԾҶûһȭʽȫǽͷܣɱ
Ҷüͷһ壬֪Լһ仰ըԼͣһžͷŵˣֻʱ˵ڲݴϣȻصĿ
Ҷܲ˱˿ޣˣųı֣۸ˣӦޣǴȥԼͶԷͬھҲҪöԷ֪Լǡ
Ҷûаͬ飬ȻҪѡޣҲǻá
úҵĻɣͣ㻹ӣ㻹ǴѵģͰ˵ҶתҪߣڿ˵Ҷʦлл㡣
Ҷͷڿһ˿ϵʯӣͶۺУɢ
Ҷʦ˵ʵˣ常ʦҪ̫࣬ϣҪԸ㣬ѾȲȭˣҪֹԡͲ˼Ŀֱϵ˺ۣҶüȻΪԼҶû뵽
ҴСֻһ㣬ĸ֪ȥˣ㸧ҵѧʱ̫Ҫʱ常ˣҽ㣬Ը⸧ҡ
ԹԵļ˵ݷҪеĿˮȫ³Ҷ֪Ǻ£Ҳ͵һĲһֱֹȭʦҪںһ𣬵ˣҿɡ
ⲢܳΪ۸ɡҶﲻ˵жǱҲԲܹ۸ҵɡ
ûеѡȻÿպܶǮȫ常ģÿµѣûжǮ㻹ƣԽԽأҲ⼸˰ɡ˵㣬ĹâҶû뵽ͻһˡ
ҶҲ֪һֱίȫԭ򣬾ȻΪûа취֮٣һ㣬ҶҲΪйҲоưɣҲŸտʼûжĴ͡
ҶʦǰҪСģǳɱȥǵĶֲε˿ԸԤġҶ˵ͷҪͷŪ˺ҲþȳͣӦñġ
ʱͻȻ磬εú΢Ҷע⵽ϵСʯ΢΢վ洫ЦͣɵĲһ
Ҷ￴ˣͷʶȭݵĹᣬҶϴε°ܽ޺ۣдССĴ֣ʮˣ
Ҷ󾪣ô⣬ԼȻŷ֣Լ̫һ㣬޺ۿҶ΢΢ͷҶһ£˵ͣɵĲСһƯ¡
ͣ㣡Ҷһ⻰֪Լһһʼ;Լ֣ĵطһ򾡣׽
뵽Ҷ޺޵ָͣȴ𾪣һţƴҡͷҶʦңûУͷҡͷҶŲ󳷣΢΢̧ž
޺۵ȴһΪĽǶϮҶעУֻһιЦҶƵһΣĶԼȭݵľӢʮ˴һҶǴ޽ɶס
ҷСӣݷһҶֻҶ΢΢ͻȻһȭȭһ㣬ҪӺ͵ϮҶһС
ң⻹ûأôͿʼˣ


444 ҲһɵС
Ҷһﾫһȭͷһȭ޺ۺȥһǹȭ˲٣ҸǸ֣ҶģǽԼıߵߣٵĽԷĸ֡
νǹͷ޺ǿĸֻ֣ҪԼһȭɱЩҲûҶҪġ
ҶιһǹȭҪ޺۵ǰҶɱǣһʱ֮轵üͷҶǿɱҪ޺֮ء
޺ȫϢҶ˾ײƾҶı£ûеطӡ˵ʱʱ죬޺صǰҶȭһɽƺ޺˲˳ȥ
ʦܣ󾪣Ҷһе֣û֣żһ㣬ϥ˲ڿеһǰһҶһߣ޺ȥ޺ۣûа㷴أͱҶС
ͨ
ε޺ۻˮһ
̵ʯĸּҶɱḶ́Ҷ˷ˣվڹۺǰĿ޺ۣᡣ
ҶʦߣҶͷһӵ΢Цս죬һͷŭʨ
Ҷת৵һ̧ҽϥԳۣ·̫ʽҶ￴ᣬƶ˶˼ԣɡ
ɫѿ˼㣬Ը½޺һƱ֪޺۵༸λˣ߹Ƕ˺öࡣ
ҶڵġƳһͷµȭֳ̰ΧʽҶǹۺ·ˣҶﵹûһţ෴˿̵ҶҪƽжƽ۾
ŷжԷĽŲҶֵһһʱͻȻһǳϸ΢ǹҶҲҶ۾ƽʱ˺ü
Ҷһſ۾Ų˫ַǳȦһһȭʦߣĥֵ̳֣֪ȭճҪԸȭõİ취˸գǧ
Ҷ˫ֲ϶ԷֱۣһһƣҶļǰһѵˮеҲֻҶǸɵȭʦ֪
˸յľ裡
ϻ˹СӰɡͷ˰ΧҶʮˣߵĸˣڴ澹ȻͳİǹҶװ
ǺǣҶﲻŭЦΪߣһҪǹеѾǶˣҶҪʲôʱȥ߾ͻ
ᣬԭΪһȭݵĹû汾£ôҲӦľû뵽ĺƤǳҵ󰡣Ȼõǹֵز˵ʲôأ
ɫѿҶһϯȻһñӣỹһҧֻҪܳȥҶʲôԲܡ
⻰ԼԼ˵ɣǹҶüͷһһǹıգ߶ΧˣҪͻΧҪһӵʱ䣬ǹۺۺֻһ˹ˣˮҲһ壬۾ͿԼףȥж㣬ǲ
һʱ֮䣬ҶоԼƺָ֣оǿңǰҲһʱҶͻȻоһͷĿѣǿž񣬵һ£¶
Դֲʹˣǹؼʱ򰡣ʱҪιȥǿɾûл·ˣ
Ҷǰһģεȵ۹⣬ûзԸ¿ǹϾҪģҶˣ׽ϲߡ
ӸͻȻ£ȭݵĹʵȻö˵ҶѣҲֻ˲£ѾǰҶﱾܵ˫۽浲ǰǿסһţȴܿƵĵ
סʮˣһӵϣҶס򣬽ţͷÿһܻĵطĸ˰סû취Ҷʵ̫죬᲻СƣҪʱ򱻷ˣǿǹһ
ῴѶЦһҶǰصһҶؿڣҶɿһţֻԼԴ˵ʲôʱܹ
ãôҶץסˣῴҶ۾ͻȻžһҶϡ
˵ˣΪ򵥵ģҶҲн졣ᷴһƣ·׷׸͵ǰС̫ˣڿҡ
δ䣬˾͸оɺ⳯ǿɱȫҶĶһԲǸ˾ȻҶƻűˡ
Ҷһڣ³еѪˮᣬ仰һԭⲻĻġҶЦһˣԴҲҲڵһᣬҶûЩҶַӾƷˣЩɵıǹڱŷȫһ㣬ǾԼûз
֣µȭʦǹݸᣬָ֮ҶԴм䣬ҶֻЦ˵֪᲻ңԺܵ
ʦҪҪɱҶʦͳסĴȣһŽ˦ɣûõĶ޿ʲôӣ»ͷˡҶӣ˻ãܿ
ֻ֣̫ˡʳָĿ۶Ҷؿڡ
أ
ӵҶĿһӰͻȻԼǰӵĳӰײԼϡ
ͣǵѪϵ£Ҷ￴ദѾһСѣѪҺϵӿ
Ҷʦߡ˵գ²ʡҶоԼĿڿݷܹԼѪҺ˵Ķﶼúţǹߵİм˰̧ߡ
ҶͫһŭҶֻʨڷŭˣ
߼һʣһԲȦ׵Ҷֱǿһ˦˰ֱ۵ˣݷ𿴵һɵУҶȭ𣬼ȫ
꣬ͷѵҶܸоԼѾܿƣеĶԶķӦҶǰһƬѪ죬ֻǵԼ񷢷һȵΧûһ˵ʱҶͣ
ǣ
ҶȫǵԼղŸʲôֻصѪڹۺǰ߰˾ʬ壬Լɵģ
Ҷ￴ʬ壬һǹͷ鵼µѪѶڿ˿ԼȭͷЩʹʱҶͻȻʲôڵϣһϢͣС̫ɵˣͻȻܳԼǹҲһɵСӡ
Ҷָ͵棬ܻңǻûҶѸͳԼ룬͵ؿѪҺһ¾ֹסҪҽ
ͣûûҵķԸ㲻˯ȥҶﱧͣȻùǱŤҶҲܲôˣҽؼġ
üͷͣҲô
Ҷŭ


445 
һɫ׿˹ͻȻһ˦βһɲͣ˺ǵһҽԺſڣڱĳУҶ˳ͷٵĳҽԺϵ
ҽҽҶĺţҪ֪ҽԺֵطҪְġ
뱣ְһĸĻʿҶǰҶ￴һˣ˵ŮҲ̫˰ɡƽЬͼܺҶƽˣڲǿŮʱҶż͵ԽԽء
ûҸ˵ѧҪˣҽԺҲˣҶŭ죬ЩʿҽôɵģϹ
ŸѲƽңⲡ˺ΣաͻȻһ˳Ҷһ״ӣź۾ȻӢǸ˸оȲ
ģһᾡȫġ˵ʿͽ˹۲ңǸҽȥ֮ǰͷҶһۡ
Ҷ￴ͽʧȾͷص̾һоȫˣʱڷҶ̱ϣʱ֣һҽԺΪĴҽԺʱ˻Ǻܶġ
ȴǽͺʯһһϢûУҶͼ۲ҿһǶαǸ߸ӻʿ⣬Ҷϸ۲쵽С椳໹治ϵһ˫ۣˮµʱ򣬺ˣһ߶ߣһ˫¶ڻʿȹ棬ɫ˿סһ˫СЬԵʮֵ崿
Ůҿѧڵ㵹ǸŮ´һҶһĲм˵Ǳߵȣҽơ˵ԼߵҺҲ鿴˵
ҽҶҽԱܱǰ棬һȦûҵһյģʱ򣬿ſֵҽӹ۲ҳʿ˵ЩʲôҶе칫档
ôƺҽһƣҶڻش𣺡ҶƨһմӣҶι˵ڲʱѧôˣ
ҶӦúλѧܵʲôİɣҽϣƽǰ棬һ˫۾Ҷ
˺ǿƣԲͨҽ
ʲô˼ΣҪƣҶ䣬ԼҲǾȲֻͣʮ룬Ҫķ̫ľˣȭ֮ǰһҪƵģҶûжľʩչһΡ
ҲΣǹˣûͷĹ涨һҽûȨƣ֪ⲻʾһ֤ҽɫϾȻֻһʵϰҽǿ˵ҽҽԺҽʦ̫࣬Ҫ֪һСñӵˣġ
ճ磬Ҹ㣬ҲΣҲΣҶվǸճҽҶע⵽ҽƺûһ㺦£ҶЦһ¡
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Ҷһϣ칫ҵĻζͲڵ£Եʾˣճüͷվû˵ΣǲôΣÿһҪϱ㿴Ҳֻһͨʵϰҽûʽְˡ
ûְѹְԱûƬԼҲǵùͱΣһʵϰҽʵϰҽǲġ
ҿϻʲôǹµĳҶ˵ô£ϻʲô˷ʱ䡣
Ҷ׼߳ţû̫࣬û뵽Ϊʲôһʵϰҽһڵ࣬Ҳû뵽ΪʲôһʵϰҽԵһ칫ңһС
Ҷõģǹʮɡճһ仰Ҷͣǰ棬ͷٿճ磬ȫûӣʮشģ˵֪ûʶˣָ
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Ҷüë㵽ʲôˣˣԲӦóҽԺ档
ĳֻжţһʵǴ۽簡֪Ҷܲ£ǹû취ͨ淽ʽƣȴ뵽ͨҩҡճ绰˵һ룬ͣ˺þãͻȻһö룬ϸ˿Ҷۼ⣬һ֪ǲ˿
ճ˵ңһǲá
룡ҶȻʧˣǴĳЩʶ֪ʶ뷨ʮ룬õ¾ڹŹأʮԺ˾ǸҪΪӴӶѨλˣյĸ߼ҽһ仰
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ʩ߱Ҫзǳǿźַܹھ뵹֮ǰȻߡ
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ճӳóһСӣҶﲢ¥ϡ
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Ҷ￴¥ݴĵı־׼սȥղճ˵ȥ¥ճȴǰ˰֣ߣһ㾹ȻģǱ־½һССĺ㣬дţ壡
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صһˡָоҶϤҲѪɭĸоϤ
˺˺ƳһһյɭɫӦƣӢų͡
ιճ磬Ҫճعͷ͸۾ִţģǾĵط˵ճ羹Ȼ촽Ҷ￪ʼԥԼǲȷʱͣɾˡ
ճ̫ˣҶһ㶼͸
һտķ䣬һЩҽƷ⣬ûκοԳ֮ΪƷĶ
Ҫʩչ룬ôҲҪӵȡɣ
Ӣ׼öԺ󣬾˳˷䣬ڷֻҶճ磬лԵ͡
Ȱ볷˰ɣճʵҶһ͵ĿڣͿһϸСɳҲûմκεѪҶָ롣
Ҷջ˲䣬ֻճͻȻñĽͻȻ͵ľѨ档
һ룬꣡ճյһκ


446 ֻһʼ
ڣҶ𾪵ĿϸСĽ뵽͵ľѨϣѨλڶ磬ʮѨ֮һճһҶ۹ַǳ죬ҼΪ׼
һ벻ν󵨣вһƫ׵ȫѪѪɢĻǻġ
ҶûгţҲмң֪ʩĹУעҪΪļУһţ׳£ʩ߶Ϊɢˡ
ճһȥ͹Ȼݷ𱻵һ㣬ϵļ⾹Ȼ˲˫ţƬ֮ûж
ճյĺˮ£žķ棬Ҷˮεճһڶ룬һ룬ҶľΪڶ룬˽ѨϣҶﵹһ뷨
ѨֽڻѨ֪ǻһѨɵжճ֮룬
Ҷ￴һѨλͣʱܾã뽨֮صĴ궯󼸺ȫڣֻһͷ档
룬񣡡ճտ˿һֱעԼҶ¶һг΢Ц󽫽ģ͵Ķֵλãһ£ҶﲻԾıһ亹ѨȻѨλ
ֻճ֮;Ȼ嵯һѪŲӢ˽һҽ̣ҶˣûôǿҶͷƣ͵ؿһģദӵȻ˳档
ճѸٶ֣˿ڷϣҩ˲
治룬Чȴ൱ҶȻľģƽȵĺѪҲ˳·ˣճȷʵ汾¡
ӢһסԺҵĿӢưһû˵һ仰ֻĬĬĵͷȥ
ߵʱҶֻ˵һ䣬չ˺ѧ㿪뿪ճ翴ҶıӰժ۾˲˵ʮ룬һʶһ°
ʱǰȫģҶ϶ҪʻųҶ뿪ҽԺԺ󣬾ֱһطȥŻߵףһ·ϴĺƣĵһֵͣ˳
Ҷ³ԺһǰƣߣȭֹҲ͵Ϊֹˡ
Ѿҹʱ֣Ѿţ滹ŵƣҶ֪ǿ϶棬ǰݣȭݡ
Ҷһϣ˲飬ϷıҶһ΢һĲű˹ȥֹ꣬ͣ˳֡
ҳˡҶƬƬֻȭҴܳ߸ˣѧͽҲʮͷСĻʮģҶҲΪ˱͵ĳŲ˭Լ븶ۡ
Ҷ̧֣Ƭ˲֣ѧͽ˲䵹£ǵĸǸѧͽʧɫʦʦ弸ȫ˶ڣȫʱȴȫ˻ȥҽԺˣȭʣµˣֻЩ
ʦ֣˸Ȫҳȥܣ˵ľȻСǸ꣬ҶϿԼֻʮۣ꣬ܺãһɲζҿΣӦǴС䣬Ųǳʵ
ҶһȭҶЦһ£ŲʵƽҲܲ༸꣬Ǹӡ
Ҷﱳһֻֻ֣֣ȭΪƣȫס˶ԷĳȭֻԼһ˲ͻΪΣȫǰȫϣԼȭͷ֮ϵ˲Ӧ
һҪ󳷣ҶԸһ徹ȻҶ˹Ҷ΢΢̧ϥϥǻĵﴦԴȷƺһһףô˹ȥҶſ֣ڵϡ
СʦܣѧͽʦõСʦܾȻо׵ıˣʦԼý˵ʲôͷȫУȪݷĲûУֻЩҳ֮󣬶ιˡ
Ҷﻷܣȭ棬ֻˣûʲôսģҶﲻϻӰһǵΪûǵĺ󲱾ûһ㷴͵ڵϡ
ҶȭһȦȷʵûˣժм֣ڵϣ׵ľˤˣҶһŲ棬һֻŹ̶˺һһΪ
ҶһѧͽǰȭļĶѪ˲ӿҶЦһ̨ëʣմѪҺȭݰɫǽдˡֻһʼдһҶ֡
ҶﵱȻҲûôɥĲ˫ָϲ˵Ĵȸ£ѪҺ˲ֹͣҶȭҵһûйصƣǰеȫ߳ţųӵмͶ˲·ʧȥ˹
Ҷܺڵſڵ£˫ְסңټҾıҶɫĵ·ɢ䡣
Ҷ·˾ȵ֣󿪳ﳤȥת˼䣬˾ưɡ
ϰʱ䣬ûѾձˣҶ鲻̫ãһ˭ó
磡
磡
Ҷ˵ĺֻ΢΢ͷȻû߽ձ̵İ칫ңҾƱһƿɺ죬䡣
ιιιׯˡͷӣк˹е棬˳ỹ׼׶ΣΧ˹
ʲôľ˷ܵʵ
ͷһҶķûҹڶ񣬽ҶǳǿһǳˣĽ᲻¥Ϲء
˷׷óǮѹϣʱһƿ׼ȷǺһײĵطɫҺĵǣɿϵصķԱһίҲǸŭԣƣҶҵġ
û¸ǰɣҶֽƿû¸ȥƹ񣬰ʮƳ
磬ǲǡͷЩε˵ҶͷϣǲǻҪ˵һ飬ˣȥƹһ˰ʮƳʱӡ
ͷɿƹȥһжںӵ
ս㣬ûر󰡡ձ̺һ£ûпȥҶΪıѾġ
֪زĹҲֻƴֵˣܰ£¢ֵľưɣͳһۣԴزԺûжõʱ䣬ԼưɵԽԽ١
ͷİʮ֮Ҷҡһ¾Ʊȴ˶룬ưɵľƱеɵۣôƺ԰̨ǷŲµģⱣҪ
ֻҶ˵ܺãڣٸʱ䣬Żȥ
Ҷһоƣľͷǵز


447 ҳҪô
ʮ㣬ưĽŮҲǴСһ뿪ȫûǰǰ㱬˵ҹưһģԼĹ̶Դ⣬ҶҲǿԽԽ٣ҵĸɾҲԽԽͣȥưɱ˵زˣҪûĻԼͻᵹյġ
ǣŸɻȥվڱϹҶԺ󣬱̿ʼϸˣעó
ҿôãһСʱ
ǿɲһЩãǷ治һá
İҶֱ߽ձ̵İ칫ңʾȳȥձ˵ܲšҶװɵһЦ칫棬ţվܽ𣿡
ʲô£ձ˵ȻֻװģΪľһҶ˭մǲݵġ
Ҷû˵ձ̣ǿװ򶨣΢΢壬Ҷһָ̧ձ̵򦣬ĵϷձһĵҶ֣ʲô£˵⻹æء
ҶԼԭ򣺡ŶˣǸҿǾưɺⲻ̫ãǲ취Ϊϰѹܴѽһ˵Ҷһҡͷ
ޣʲôϰ塣ձ̽ĵһЦҶѪڣڲ˵ʱҶ˵ȵȭԺһҪС椸˵ˡ
ձ̽һܵıݸҶҶ￴ֱͳͼῴݣҲ֪˵ͼһ·½ɲ˵׬ǮԽԽȻֻһͷϰ壬Լ˵ձ֮ưȻҲԼһġ
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㲻Ҫй˼ɣôô˵Ҫȥʰ˭Ҷһ˫ȭϵô档
زĹչֵľưɣȻȫµ˼۸ĿľΪϿǣǲûôۺһʱԺԼͻŴˡ
Ҷȭͷڰβסصô棬¥´ߴߴ˲ҶתɫһЦȻҪģҲ档
ձ̿ҶҶ˼ֻҶ˵ˣ㶨˵Ĳңǡ
ֵǼˡһûаǰϵѵȳ˵ıһٿᣬλҪݺܼ򵥣֡
ҳ
Ȼ֪˼ҺĻϰزҶҲºӲɣȻҪԼߣôԼҲûҪչ˾ưǺãԼһˣÿȥҳǴ򲻹ԼԼֱпˣҿԺļϰ廹Һ
뵽ҶŤŤӣǲˣ
ǣ˶ˣһиУһҶӣԼվıֱ
ˣ۸ͷˣҪô
ɣ
ߣѾģľͷг¹¿ӣʣļˣԼҵľƣ˾ưɵǰ档
ӣļңһֱձ̵ߣ鱨ʲôĶռģҲΪʲôҶԭ
磬ưһʮһ䣬ǰ䣬кϰ岻Ըز֮⣬ģȫٶزĹɷݣһ١
Ҷﵹһʮһ䣬ȥż䣬ʣµĶʮһ侹ȻȫעɣȲƴֵĿľΪ˸ձһ䣿زӻ˰ɣΪ˲һЦʲô¶ɵĳ
ߣһһʰһưɣֽʯֻͬɫĺڷ裬µ嶯ȥ
˻ͨ·Ⱥ棬ΪشֵǰΣ˱Ƚ϶࣬ŮŮĴɫſֻȿ㻹СĵĹˣҶ·С͹㡣
ϰҲƴġ
˽Ǯҵһ棬ưɵ˷ǳ࣬Ⱥħ裬̨棬һźٵŮֹ衣
˵磬ҵ껨лǲ٣Ҳѹôˡľ˵̫󣬲òô˵
磬Ҫ֡⣬ǿɲģҳġ
㣬ҳôôĸˣֱȥ̨ƣɢȺרпӵŮҲ磬ԽåԽãֱ̲ס֣סһʼֻ̣ȵʱˣٶ֡
˶ҶﶼĴָˣһлǺݶڵռס˽ţưɱҪ׷ʣҲȶֵġ
˸ɢȥҶҲ̨ҪһϸĹ۲šȿǼ۸ҵƱΪˣҾˮƽ۸񣬱Լľưɵ˴ʮ飬ھưҵǲֵ顣
˭֪ưɾưɣľһ֣Ծˮ϶Ǻܹġ
˧磬ҺȱưɡҶһһ̱ǵˮζתͷһҶûסһƾȥ
ʵ̫ŮĳãҶһԼؿڣһ£Ůû뵽ò׿һӣûǹһˣ˭֪ȻԼƣŮ˲ͻˣСҶ˹
ҶĽסһŮľʹӸ߽ˤȥء
㣬ݾ͵ˣлҡҶһЦⷢҶûô춯ֵģһ棬ЩװĵĴĺŮҲһְҵװԭǱߣ˭֪һͻȻļƻþȻȻѵģ
һԲĴӣͷ۾ҲɰŮѣǿɾǾˡ
ֵܣĵģҲҵϷͷһҶļҶºȵһľƱ
ͷҶ߲ƵӣֲˬԼӱ򣬿˿Լͬ飬Ҷһˣ˲ӲһһҶļֻϧͷ̫֪ˣҶ˲ץס֣һϣͷɱĺУѾʣҶѾǺܿˡ
ǴҶߴģ̶֣һɲǣ𣬰žƱƿӵ׵Ҵͬط
ģ˭Ӱ
˭
ѾҶң
DJƺҲѾһµˣôһƾ˵˲̵˶Էʱ򣬾ưɵıڳ棬ӣһ£֪ǱľưҳˣǱǶ⾺һЩ顣
Ҷžƿڻ㿪һһԴľƱָű˵һ仰ڳ˴۾
㣬ȥһֻѼҪྩġ


448 Ϻͷ
ܶԺھưһȻһ˵
ڼǰʯư棬ڿྩѼȦʱʱĻDJ̨泪׼Ϊĸ裬ʯưڵʱȻû˿ķ
ȻҶ
ҶﱾҲģҲһҪ󡣱Ҿưɵıŭ֣Լ߾Ϳ˳ҳ
֪³ӾȻ΢Ц⿴Ҷһ绰ᣬȻˡ
ĿѼྩѼǼҳſѼ꣬ϵѡģд󽴣УԵĲϰߣûϵǻԽйʽѼ
³ҶＸˣûΪҲĶһ˿ҡ
Ҷ˵һ˼֮ſѼڰ̨֮ϴ򿪣˺һֻѼȵݸ³㵱Ҳˣţһԡ
һϷԵĻͳȺħľưɵС
DJӵ֣ŮڶԼ壬̨˧翪ʼѰԼĿ꣬Ψһ˺ơƳſѼ
ڸ磬Ƕʶˣ͸ְ̧ɡ
³þƱһơƣҶǰλ磬Ҳ˴򹤵ģǲǱоСƽϣǺȶҾ١
ģǲǮ𣡡ӡ⻰뷢ͱҶס
Ҷһơƣ³³ܾģϰʱҺȾƣҶζ֮ǽ˹֮⼸ǡ
¾ãǵҲ³˰ɡ
³ǿһۺӣֺӵ˸ÿζҪһ˧⣬ûʲôвеˡ
֪ҹµģѾˣ˲Ļˡ
ҹ鱣жߣֶ֪ǵı۵ľˡ
Щһ˴Ƕ֣ҵˣ˶ͦñֱЩÿջԵıͬն
ôгΪ³ɵ´һˣȷʵӢȫʳһЩƦ֮⣬ûʲôرĵط
ֱ³Ҷ񣬲ɣдǿţԸ̾ԼղŻûн˸ͻҪȻھȫǲһľˡ
һ˾ܸɷԼеˣ³֪һǿ϶ġ
λ֪ʲôԸСģһ߾ȫҶЦһЦ³ǺܻˣԼݽͣÿһ仰µԼû·
νֲЦҶǳӲԽǸԽţԽֽѵгɾ͸УЩϺҶֻڨڨˡ
Ըҵֻϰ崫仰
Ҷͣһ£飬һף׼ȷĶ˽Ͱ
ϰ˵زҪ̨ˣÿһ㣬ʱվλãݹҶĳĺˡ
³ͷǺ󶼱ˮʪ
߲ľ³ûа취ģֻһˣһֲƤӵϵġ
Ҳ˵̨ϰͻȻתһĿŷ񣬽ˮ۸µһ׵ĳ̶ȣϰҲ͸¶һ֡
زؼ١
³εȾˣҪȻҲһй˾ӳʮ꣬ΪƣǰݣŶΣҶᵽزܲ¡
һת³Ҷ׽ͿҶźֽеĸʳʲôѼռץ֮ĳȥĺӾȻԼ͵ľƣһ㶼ûп
ղһıܲĴ
³ӵĿҶıӰǰµıһ绰ι㣬һ¾ưɣе¡
Ҷֽͷ·ߣֻ˹Ҷһʱ֮ȤֻССǺܺ࣬ɪɪ
ѳԵĶùӡʣʳùҶȫڵϣͿֻСսսǰûвڴڵĳ
磬Ǹȥһˡ
Ҷ֪ΪʲôֻСԵڰףһֱػƣһֻȫ׵ëϴɾֻСӦûɰǲ֪˶ãϵëȫˡ
ӣһ˭
ָŲԶĸѪɫĴ֣ѪɫԨ
һưɣÿ϶в̶⣬Ҳƻױɶԣȥ˶Ҫյյװ򱣰ǲǽġ
ڼҪߵʱҶͷһֻ¶ζ󹷵ǰֻСȫûʶΣ٣ζĳҶǵʳ
ҳǻŵĻҾǡҶ΢΢һЦ߽ѪɫԨưɡ
֮ʯڵ˶ſֲߣϴŲײ·ҶĵúܲˬˬǲҪɵġ
ѪߵıһҶҶЦһûж֣Ϳӡľǰűֱۣһֱ˲ۡ
ڳֵ棬ǵĺû
ûлװ߽һ·ڻ˵Ĳģû۰أ
ӡȥһƣ˲ðǣʱͻȻֹͣʮԲıΧ˹ǵƷͳһǺɫװȥ˲á
ӳһʮµˣһƵĿҶǸģ
ʱֱ۱۶ϵıڴ˱棬ԽӳɫܲÿָָҶ˵ǣȥι
ҶһХûг³ǰʵ֤ϵҶվԭûҪ֣Ǿܹƽ
Ȼֻӡƺҩһʮֵ˷ܣȺһǺȭǰ˵ϣ۳⡣
ЩȻǶ֣£ʮڵϣҶرԸҪ̫ء
ҶǸӳǰ°ͣϰһ仰Ҷ˵꣬ĴѰһ£ߵǰķڰγһ
ҶͻȻ֣ڻƿ˶ǽϵĺϣҶ˵ҪСزҪ̨ˣʶֹͣǵСϷ
סҽҶ缸ߡҶͷ˫ֲſڴɵ߳˾ưɵĴţ·Ⱥʱ¶һ޺΢Ц
ҶǰŸ̤ưɵһ˲䣬̨ƹľƿͻȻ飬һһһľƿûһģĶڣһ򣬾ǸոҶڵĹ켣
ӳЦһ£ϰһַȫ⺼Ϊˡ
Ҷ߳ưɣӡһ·ޣղҶһַʵ̫ˣǿǼ˶Ѫ
Ҷ￴ǰЦһЦֻСˣǽ󹷸ˣҶҡβͣ˷ܵĳҶﺰС
Ҷ£ǵëǵ񣬺ܲ


449 ҽԺ
Ҷ￴ʱѾˣʹһ˻صưɣưǺ壬ʱ˲ȣ˻ȥϢԼձ̻ؼҡ
Ůձһ㲣һŮˣһ棬˻ţֳ£һЩʱ򣬲ҲֻҶǰֳ
Ҵʰ˶˳澹ȻֻɰСȻȥ࣬ǳҲʮֿɰһʱ֮СŮԱҲǲ࣬Сʮְϧ
Ҷû㻹ͦаĵİձֱ˺ԭҪһڷҶƻʧܡ
Сһϲ
ҶŻص˼Ѿ˯ȥѾкüûк˵ˣֱҶ￴еĲ㡣
Ҷʵ±Լи߲ͣȭȻֺܶ࣬Ҳôɡ
Ҷϴ֮󣬿ձæǰæʰֻСһǰϴǰǴëģţ̺ʳ
ֻСһݷͨԣһȣһԣܹԵձ̰ڲҶЦЦ˯˹ȥ컹ҪȥͣӦûд󰭡
һҹҶûпΣûȥѧУҶҴҳͣһҽԺȥͣóԺҶͷֲ̫Ծ
ҽԺ˺٣ңҽԺſ߰ͣżͳһͺźɫٿǱ׵ĸ߸ߵġ
ãͣ
Ҷ첽סԺſڱճ磬ճεЦЦе˽죬Ѿȥˡ
Ҷһŭ˲ǸҶͣôǵҲԶˣ
ճĴ֮£¥סԺסԺĴŴӢվſڣɫܲãҶճ磬һƣƷɿĻ裬˼Ǳߡ
ȻˣǲܵģӦ˺صˣôһˡ
ԴԼͣ
ҶоѪҺӿԴĵؽӽ̽һԴſڲԶվſ
ȵľͷͷ滹ĸˣڴĹģҶ֪ǿ϶żһڹ컯֮£ĹҽԺЩѵû
ճ磬һ£ҵĻճʼ硣
ĸ˿һŰ״ӵҽԼճһ˼˵λҽԺʵϰҽһ·
һ˲˵߿ϴڰ¡
ճװЭڨڨת뿪ת˲䣬һӰճ米Ҷ֣ʯź˵ĲӲǷ
һֵǵĲϣᵫǺܿ죬ûзʲô
ճӢϵķסˣǵءҶȻһĴָճӦһͿҶèһ䲡
вϢҶ˵ͲҪκסԺĲ˺µĵ˵ͷ
Ҷ۲һµΣһ䷿䣬ԼиʮףڣŵģǷ
Ҷ򿪴⣬Ľӽͷһ䷿䣬ܿ͵Ĳ棬ĵĿһֻۣɫ㲣ںûж֣ͺúõڴϡ
Ҷֻ˵ͣôãҴӦס
ϣƻ֪ĻΪһλ̽ĶӣҶ֪ûô򵥣Щ˿϶ġ
ƻƤںʮûһ㣬ЩѿĿź常ӣһӶǵġ
Ǿͺãʦȭݣ챻ҶˣˣǽдѪ飬Ӧô죿õƻϣƤ
˺ˣǺܶ࣬ôҶﲻ֪
ҶʦҪ̫أûȫָж
ҶѾȥץˣڸһᣬʦǰֽʱһʹ
ƻݸͣͲûнӣԥ顣
͵ıȫ׽Ͱ֪ܺѣˣˣҪһ죬һָԺҵλá
彩ӲڿУƻҲУҲС˾ͱʾͬ˺˵ҪɱҶӣƣԾɱԼģ;ٱҲ֪
ôͣɱҶҽ̵һתϣҲˣӦóȥˡ
ƻ԰ҶﻺĴӴ;ϲĺһҶʦ
ͣˣƻǶ弫ã°ɡ˵꣬ùƻ
Ҷ㻹Ҫ֣֯뵽Ҷ죬ҪҶףʲôŵĴۡ
ҵѧΪʲôУ㣬Ѿûйϵˣ
Ҷʦҡ
Ҷеɸ֣ʱͻû¶ģԼֻܰһѡ
Ҷﲻ뿴ٱŪ죬һʲô˵ʲô㲻Ƿ˭ʲô㣬ͣ˶ѡ
۾һͻᱳԼ󱻴ֻҶѡ
Ԥϣͳһƻڱϡ
ô꣬ǷѾˣ㲻Ҫңֻ˵ֻͨĴѧһϿ¿Ρ
˵꣬ǿվ´ںǰͷԼľģͷ֮޹ϸ
ðͣġһͣһţ˵ĹϵΪֹ
ҶҪǱ֯常һô㣬о㵱֮
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վߵ˴װڴͳǹڵǹڶ׼Ҷ
һ᲻׼Ҷ滹ɵ
һֵļЦһֱʱ䣬Ϊ˵Ҷ֪Ҷ϶֣ĶŪķǳ¥µĳӣ¥ϵıڡ
Ҷⷿôٿùӵ
㻹ǲ˽ҰҶ˫ֻǰŲţǹ˲䣬Ҿ㡣
ҶͻȻסЦݣĿźɱͷţ䱾Ͳ͸оƤһܹƹͷĺ䡣
ЩȣҶҲҶĻɶ˾޴ѹ
ҶǲǴţȻǡ
Ҫ̫ⷿСˣǹרҵ֪һǹԼ϶㲻Ǻıֱ׽ֻҪͷͺ˵ˣԼ㲻Ŷ
ҶһҲûжӵķɣźţԣԸɵң϶Ҳһһ


450 
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˾Խ󣬾ԽϧԼǻʮǰճĺ˸ô˵İ𣬽Ұ
ںλǮѾ⺼˸һһôܻô
Ҷţ˵һ飬ͣӣԺôһëǮϵûС
Ҷ˵Ȼ׻˵þۺɢô꣬ͱ˼ټǵʲôã֪˰ɣ֪˾ͿҹԺҿ鷳һҴһΡ
üëһô˵ˣ涼ûҶŸðͷûжã˵Լߣܶˡ
뵽뵽ĵȭϣЦһ£ҶԻȭż졣
ãҶ֣ҵʱ򡣡˰֣¿ţ˳ȥ
ڳ֮ǰҶ˵һ仰Ҷﵱ̲סͣһչ˺õģҶ˵Լɣϣ㲻Ҫڡ
ιʲô˼Ҷ׷ȥ˲ԴϾͶǹţѾҶʱ׷ȥҲûˡ
Сӣʶľ͹ط䣬ȺүˣȻſڿŵĺ˵ǱߺѾ˵ݡ
Ҷʦҽ㣡ͳ嵽ſڣſڵҲȥ
ԼֵĽ㣬˵ô꣬ίȫȫΪԼĽβȻֹۣǺôǱסˡ
ҶЦһôľ룬ǹָң
Ҷûзϻһתߣǰ˵ϥϡһľҪҶץסͷһŤ󣬽ӹǹ
һ߳ҶԤϣǸ˷Ӧǳ죬Ҷǹһ˲䣬˸ָŶԷ
Ҷ۾ղжԺãǶСආûõģǴƴʱ򣬳ˣ޷Ϊ˲ɫӵһ㹻ˡ
Ҷ֪ͷںֵǮܸһһлⱲҲֵˣԿǹ
Ҷﲻòϣл˵ĻûдҲΪʲôҶûҶԭ
ˣΪʲôҪź󱲡ҶолˣʺӲҲǾˣӦйģˣ䡣
ǺǣûҪ˵׼Ǿһ·ҶаȵЦЦʱԲܻţҪκζŲԷκ
һݵһͿл˵ϣ̫ѨϲһϸСĽ롣
ҶΣҲаն㿪ͨлĺҶȫܹол״̬Ϳǹ˲䣬˭֪ճˡ
¡Ҷͳֻݸͣһ绰ȷİȫʰ̳
лҲˣҪ˵ңҶճ۾Ǳʹ绰һֱ˽͵Ľ㳣̱ڴܳȥ
ҶʦУû˽˵᲻żֱš
Ҷﰲοͣߣ̳
˴Ҵ¥Ժ󣬰͵ıȻʽҶţһ´˳ȥʱҶһϤҶôᱻۼյġ
˼ѹûмաճ磬ʲôʱģ
˵ճ磬֪ʲôʱҲҶϳһûп쿪ɣ˵Ҫҵİæ
һ·޻һСһɫ׿˹ŵ·ߣûˡ
һ¥Ҷȫŵʱ򣬾֪ã
ͼҵѾˣͷɿܽ棬ͿӲǺܴʮƽҾʲôĶܾˣ·Ҳϻ
ƹƣһɴ̱ǵˮζ
㣡ͷһһͷźҶоһɱ˭ԼΪ֪һ棬ļǿҲΪαװԼĵĿԱɡ
ԼһʲôģҶһξãʧȥ˼䣬Լġ
̱ڴϣŽ·Ҷﲻ֪˵ʲô
ʱֻճϸĿŵϵĽӡǺü˵Ľӡ˵ģ᲻ǺΪһ㣬ճ粻ҿ϶
Ҷأճ۾
Ҷϸһ£Ŀоųϡ
ֻͣǱŽ·ˮδδҶﾾ͵Ĳӣһ·ϻ¥£š
ͣҿˣ˶ߵģҪԼ˵ϳ
ûҶĻҶҪȥճסҶ˵ʲôûãȥģ̫ˣ߰ɡ
֪ﰡҶҶһӣԼνĸ첻вԼߵˡ
㲻֪㻹֪Ƕٵ£Ҷ֪
Ҷ΢΢ճ磬ʲôˣȻϢʲôܣһʵϰҽô֪£
뵽ҶﲻԾĶճһ˿Ȥ
Ҷﲻ쭳̫죬ٶҲȪȭ֮󣬷ִһͣӪҵı־Ҷİ棬ǰ潻ִע⡣
ͣ޹ûУ޹˾˵ϳȥ㣬ôѶϵģûˣҶصһ͵ϣһƣʹˣ
Ҷʦϳûй̶Ҷ֪һ˿϶֪û˵꣬ҶһٵͷѧУȥ
СΣСӱض֪
ⷢҶ￪߼ʱصľҶ￴ӾģӶˣԼһ·ٴƣڻǱ׷ˡ
ץˣҪһ㡣Ҷӿٶȣ뽥󣬿Ƽѧش߽ѧ棬һ롣
ХҶɿԹһƣľƺûô򵥾ҪŹҪ֪ڵľǶǳģһǧ׷ףܹࡣ
ģһֱšҶû취ǰһĵط˸߼ţ֪һΪѰ··Ȼͨǳ϶࣬ȥױ
Ҷɲôģճƺ뷨˳ĲżͻȻһȵ𣺡ֲŷ쭳Ľ࣬Ҷˡ
Ҷﴵڣǰһʮ·ڣѾƵˣ֪ԼǰԷ϶Ҳᴳֻһ취
Ƶ룬Ҷߣ룬澯ϣһ룬Ǵ˿̣
Ҷ˵ţͻȻתףһһٰʮȵͷľȻû뵽һҶͷ֮ﳤȥºصľѡ
׷ңʮ꣡


451 龪һ
ƼѧſڣҶĺɫ׿˹ͣſڡ
ѧеҶ׷״кҶٲȻΪ˿ƼѧУһŮǰգ߻ҪҶǩԴˣҶֻܾΰˡ
ͣСܲ᲻֪˰ɡһ˵ѧУѧסģҲвپѧУͬ⣬Լᵽסġ
СѧУС棬ʶôãûнȥһΣҲ֪ס
ҡҡͷʱճ˽飺ȥУҵһ£ǱߵСӦ߶˵һС
Ҷͬճ˵Ȼ϶Ԥϵҵǲ͸¶ҵϣҶһְ취ǹԹ˵
ȴ绰ᣬѧһСûᡣҶͳֻʱһİĵ绰Ҷֻ档
ι
ιãղŸҴ绰𣿡绰ͷһŮҶüͷһ£ղţղԼĵ绰ֻд͵Ľ㣡
ͣ㣡ҶϽ绰ݸͣͲûȣʵ㣬𣿡
ӣⲻĺɡԼŵ䣺㣬ղȥ˰ҵ㡣
ôˣҽȥϿˣǼˣһؼʱ򿴵Ǽſţҵˡ
ҶεһЦͿǹңԼϿεʱ䶼ˣƽ
㣬Լע⣬ʱҴ绰͹ҵ绰һƨڵϣĴ˰ɣΪ϶ˣû뵽ֻϿȥˡ
ͣ㲻˵̱ôȥϿΣ
ճղžע⵽ͽڷ鼮鼮һѧǿģֻרҵĽʦרҵѧԺŻС
Ͳ˼Դ
ҽԭǣƺ˺ܶ࣬°û֪ҪΣԿһѧǱûΣӦ뵽ȥˡ
Ȼͽû⣬Ҳܴ⣬֪ʲôʱᶯ֡
Ҷͣϰߣʱпۻء͵˵ͷллҶʦûҲûôľġ
Ҷ˰ֻ֣Ǿƾ͵ı£Ӧþôź˵ˣҲѧԼǱ˶һ£ҶҪǡ
ǣͻȻߣҲûطЩΣǮÿ³˱ҪѣϽ˺ڸβ
ҲӢһӣڻ䣬֪ǽ鲻Щҽһ
ճ绺˵ģ˵仰Ҷζճ磬Щ˰ɣȫڽӽԼ
ճǸˣҶ￴ĵһ֪ҶôģҲýֻ̫࣬˵һ䣺ҵĲˣ˵ĲҲԸκá
Ҷһ룬»ҪԼҶֻһˣȻںͺǼѾǲݵľˡ
ǱϾҪͲҶɲ뿪λŮı
ҽǲĻ̫ˣһȥ׬⡣
һ뵽һЩѣ˺ԼƷѺԼѧѣһȫҪͲڣԼ˫֣Ͷ
˵ɵ㻹УͣǸȭһ٣õŵְ
Ҷһ͵Դôһ鵰ⲻԣƫҪȥ֥飬ǲԴջˡ
ʱȴ˵ǸҡǺĶҲܶ
Ҷһ߹ȥˤڵϣճԹĿһҶͿԼĲˣһʩչȻĲˡ
ˣ㻹źô㲻ΪԼǣҲΪ롣
Ҷƣȥ򹤣˫׬Ǯⶼû⣬Ȳһ첻ƣһΣգ㻹𣿡
Ҷﲻ֪˵³ɻɵںͺѾ˺ƤˣֻоץסԷԴΪԼãؼġ
ߣȥȭݡҶｫͣУ⣬ͣһ״ӵճ磬У԰
ҶﰵЦûйƴĻȭݿѾ͵ˣǸԣ϶һġ
Ҷȭſڣһŷߣľֱ飬ѧԱѧϰͺҶﶼһ˿Ǹ
ߣȻˡ
ϯ̨棬Сվˣһ֪ȭݵȭʦѧУѧͺҶСβˤ¥档
үû°ɡһȭʦСηСβǱַȵ
ͺҶһ·ǰ·ʱ򣬲ǰѧԱź͵ļ˵һ䱣أݷҪ뿪һ
ǰһСӡ
Ͳûֵܸ飬ǡǡ෴
һ𳤴󣬴СһѧУԼѧУ汻۸ˣԼͷ
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͸磬ڻͷüһҰֺú˵˵ġ
СƣҶһԣһ߷ȭʯӣ˼ǣˣǿĸ־ҷ˵ġ
СκҶ˵µǺǵͷ֮һ߳ô꣬û˸Ҷƣһǹ󣬶һһ㶼ûкµ˼
СκͲһͺӣѪԵϵҲȰףҪҶˣûãʱڽȴɼ
Сȭʦƺû̹Ҷŭ
ͣͽ㣬ʦѾʦˣڿʼ㲻ȭˣݣӴ˾Ǻүĵطˣٲ׼̤벽򡭡
ҶͻȻȭʦץͷ˵ʲô˵
ȭѧԱ;ŵĽкУҶһȭʦĺͿȭʦͫǾʹĳ鴤û¾͵ڵϡ
ҶһŲıϣһȭʦ
㣬㣬СΣȥ˵ȭݣһŪģԺ˸ڽ벽֪߱ǶһģҲǼˡ
Ҷ˵꣬һȭʦϣȭʦ¡
СɫܲÿҶ̫ˣˬһ㣬һǣҶŵʱСΣֻǸԼүˡ
ߣ˭Ӯ˭䣬һ۾ֱܷ
ȭʦͺС׼ȥҶͻȻ뵽ʲô˿ֻһţץСεĲӣ˻ˤڵϣʲôɡ˵ҶаЦţָϵĴ궯
СβĵͳһſҶйķ뿪
ͣƵǮˡ


452 
Ϳп֪룬΢΢˫֣һ˿ˮ
ҶصĴһȭ͵ļϣһһҪŤŤڵ㣬ȫɵģʲôС
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ž˫ϥأмĹҶǰȭһƬȻЩȭԱƽͣҴ˭֪ôһ˻ͻȻһǰ
Щȵ˵УȻҶ
˵Сôֽ鿪ˣһôǰ
˵жϥлƽ𣬽͹ˣһǻԼ常һ飬ТһǾԼԼˣ塣
ҶｫͷԼȻûпˣôһˣҲԼһѣȷʵǿӡ
ҶʦҶ磬ӽԺҴ磬һ仰ɽҲȥͺϵ˵ҶҲ֪ǺãճԲ
ҶСܰɣȻ㿴ճ

ͲˮˣҶϲǸүǣ溺ӣֻͶŹѧԱ˵λѧԱãҶҴ磬Ǽһ
ҶЩˤǲǻҪһ䣬ҵĶĶ
Ҷ۾ǣһȻô˵ҵģҲģҵĶӽԺ󣬾ĶȻĻġ
˺ôЦߵҶǰ˵Ҷ磬˵ģǮҲȫҪ㿴òãһһġ
ȭȭѧУţԲҪ⣬һޱȻҶЩĶ
Ҷ磬㲻Ҫܾҵôҽ㣬˵û㣬ݾͱСζˣ˵ʵҶкĸ飬ұס˻䡣
ҶҲ飬ЦԼλСܵļͿ˵ҶһʽСܣưЩȻҶҲǵֵܣֵܺСܣвͬġ
ȭݣճ˵Ҫ˵һԼӵ飬ҶԼ
ͻȻһʺƣÿ»вƵ룬ɱԼʦͱҪö࣬ҶãѲ÷ˡ
һ·ҡҡλΣɵѧ¥ȥȻͻȻһǮˣôٲͳԷʡط˵Լ̫С
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ҶŮҲǲ٣ǣձ̣һһһŮǾձֹ͸ĵŮ˶ûģԣġ
ڹŴǻ
ҶµĶ壬Ҷֻ΢΢һЦ̫Ľ
סҶôͰ˼ˣҶҲתһȦ㿪·˵һ仰ը
ԲҶԹûȤ˵곯аЦһ£Ц߽칫ҡ
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㰡˵Сʦ̫ϻؼʰ㡣γЦطɣǶ֪ԴӺͶٻһԺطСĴºžͻˣٲèˡ
طɴŭ̿˹ȥγһˣ̿˸սŵҶϡ
˭ܸҽһô£Ҷż˴ͻȻͣеЦһСЦ
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ҾͼûǾͲԹ԰ʱҩӦҶǼ˵ıҶҲϰˣȻǵ档
˵ģ˵Ҫ̹ᣬҪ޸Ŀƶʲô߰ģûдȫУΣյġ
ճӵҶԺУҶǺһЦСҪճӶ˼ʮ꣬˼ҳԵζԵķ࣬ô
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ȥĸͬŸ緹ʱ䣬˾ʹ·һžӳ
ǸҶ˵һͱ˼ܳ˰칫ҡ
ϻͰ㶼ˣ緹ȻҲģ
ճѾˣһҶﶼ͵ȭݰ;ѧԱĶҶЩһԼϴĴ磬Ǵˣ
Ҳţɵ£ȭԼһ֣ɮ棬ÿǰϡ
ĵһҶֻͿʼ죬طɵĵ绰CALLȻԻݾǣＯϣԷﳪ裡
ͣôҪҪȥʦҲˡƴˣҪȥңѾԼճ磬ҶҲûǿʰһУſڣԼ׿˹ͣ
ðҶôõĳһֱװǰɣ
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Ҷĸҡҡڰڵ߽ʯҶʯưɵһˣһϰѾԸ³Ҳ˱档
һ㣬ǻֵʱʱ򣬳³ҶǰҶݹٰ˵Ժ΢΢Ϲһ¡
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453 ŷƷ
һ棬ʩȫƺ̣˿̵İ棬ˣǿƼѧԺ彣ͣԱ϶ӽʱϾͰ˳Եġ
ҶǷб󣬱硭ҶЦһ£֪³˵ʲôʱؾˡ
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طɵ˾ȵУ³˳˷䣬ŵ˲䣬Ҷͱĸ˵ɳϣ֪ĻΪҪ
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ĸҶҶȻѹ£ϰ˲ȭͷﻹǺܸ˵ģⶼһֵܣûϸ𣬲ΪԼݶԼ
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ҲûҽͰ˵ǣǲǻаɡҶ￪ϵһƿƣһڹȥ
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ŮѵˣҲǷǡ
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ְȺħľưһ£Ȼǲ輸ǽ棬ڵĿдĸ֡躹ޡ
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ͷҶ￴ݡ
Ůվ󣬴һɫۣЩСһ޲ÿ浽ؿڣǡôĿȣ¶޳˫ȣ۳Ե쳣
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ԣҶһ֪Ǿưɵϰ塣
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˴ԼʮͷӣϲûйµĺۼҶע⵽ǣ˵üëϷһССİ̺ۣǵ̡
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461 ķŭ
۹ͻȻ̨ҡΣ˿̨˵һط
۹վһˣЦ⣬ȴɱ
Ҷһһ̨ߵĺܻڹ۲ΣҲڸоڵĸϢϵЦɡ
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ҲΪʲôҶû³ֱԭһˣƽϢķŭŭ֮ǱҪͷųȥġ
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䣬ɢһأѾ̨ȥ


462 ϳ
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ڿģֻ𷢲ƣѾʧȥ˱ʸ
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Ҷȭ˽ǰҶüëһֵ鷢ˡ
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463 ӲĶܺǹ
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Ҷһȭֱȭȥ֮ĵһܡ
ԼȭͷԼ֮ϵȫͺźͻȻжһҶ顣
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Ҷŭ֮ѿ죬ͬʱһȡԴҶ˹ȥͬʱȫȭͷһ档
ҵǹĶܰɣ


464 
ֻ֮вһײľ롣˶̵ľ룬Ҷһʽǹȭȫı
Ҷһ׼λãǽšǹȭһߣҶŤſ
̺޴ȭͷ˽ұ߼ιϡֻüͷ΢΢һ壬һαֳ
ҶһϷϵļӴǹȭǽȫ۵һ棬ǿ󱬷ʽڼҶ̩ȭĲ̵˲䣬ֽǹȭһµĸ߶ȡ
ʣһȭıﵽʹõļޡ
䣡
ȭͷ˲䣬еʼңһۿɼ硣һĲţҶҲԤϡ
ֻ׵ĸӵͣҶȴ¶аЦΪڶˡ
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׾ǰͷĵ˵ɣһУұġˣҡ׾


476 µ
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Ȼԭ񾭣ͻȻһӶϵһҶ嵽ߣڻ
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ٻֺϤҶԴ˵һ£˸ղǸŮ˵ӰҲҶһΣĿǸֵŮ˵ݡ
ٻһǸŮ˵֡Ҷѹе˷ܣϱֵĺǵֶһ
ҶﰵԷģȥԺһҪ


477 йµ
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ԭɵĿôˬһ顣ҶſڶڣڵĺоͲûˡ
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478 Ҵ
峤ףѾʮˡմ峤ԼĻ˵Լж󣬶Ѿǵˡ
ڵףǸָͷӹͷѡ
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ҶǱڵ档
һҹ࣬˶ƣ̬׾˵һܺÿ͡˰źӱ֮ľ˳š
֮ǰ뼸˲μӽϵᡣҶҲǸˣÿһεףգǸˡ
ҶǵȻʢȴͷͬ⣬֮󣬼˱Ϣ
֪˶ãҶڴϡͿ죬ĵġΪŻҶϽȥ
ſ뷨һġ֮ŷ֣峤Ҽ׵ĵط졣ΧǴɫ·Ĵ
Χڻϣǣ֣ڿĵ衣ɫѾȫҶûб֪ھ弸ˡ
մ˯˯ʵſڡҶ˵һ磬֮ͻȻüͷ
ôҶﻹΪֳʲôˣ֪СѾͷȻһص˵ŵ˿ζ㡣
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˵꾹ȻӰһٶȺܿ⴦ȥܵһ룬һŮ
ŮԼʮ꣬һɫۣͷϴһԲһñӡҶע⵽ڳ۵ڣڶżΪŵĻͼǵصһϰס
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峤ʾȺͣ£˵죬һһȵ䡣Ҳܸˣӭ˼λ͡ȾٱԶĹһơ
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ҸղǸӰ̫Ҷﵣˡ
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޷ôҶֻɫӾνģС
۾ĸܣеϢͻȻҶ۾
׽ˣҶè˳Ÿ߸ߵĲݴǰСʱҶײϵ
ٿһ㣬Ҷ￴׵۴ӣϵ³ȦĶ棬һȫźɫ·ˣ˵ϣȻҲߣ
ľ߲̫һϵߣԵûࡣ
ⲻϲڵѵô
ڲ²۵ʱҶĶ̬ҹǳĳɫŵ˵ҶϣɿԿúͰһԷƶҲһܹ׽
ҶϸĴһǸϲߵˡߴԼһ߳ͷжϣеġ
Ҷڻ˵ݡǼǵúߣҲбܣҸʹ˱
վ׵ǰֻԼ̣ûйǸ˵ĻҶʵ̫˵ʲôҪһ㡣
밲ȫλãѾǱԵٽһ㣬ֻҪ΢ǿһĸ֣ܹҶ
ͻȻЦ泯졣ͿǸ˷ŭָףƺھʲôȥˡ
Ҷ￴ٶȷɿʧԼߵУͷ˼ӿ϶ûô򵥣һѾ϶ˡ׵ʵʲô
һڴ˴ĸˣĳ֯Ĵ
ǸˣԾǺһ֯ġ˵ʮ֯ǳ֣ǲÿһһضĻɫ֣Ҫǣÿһ˻һߡ
ô˵ؼϣҪ취׳С
Ҷ̧ͷʱ򣬷׾ȻˡҶоԼĺëͻȻԼİȫΧͻʱŻеĸо
ǸղǸ˷Լɡ
ҶͻȻһת˫ֱѾ׼ȭȭͷ򵽶Էһ˲䣬Ҷ̲סһŤж
Ϊ˿Ҷǰһˡ
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479 Ի޷
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׵ıӰҶԵԽ̡һҶĪ̬ȣҲֻоɣҾʱ󣬲еȡ
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Ҷ΢΢ܱǸ峤ԼʲôˣҶ֪㿴һʲôҡ
峤۾ҶֻҶ棬ûһ˿ԥ˸һ֪û˵ѡ
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Ҷüͷ״ҹİԼеΪ˱һ۵㡣
ڲûϵԺ֪ˡʱˣȥϢɡ˵һͨҶ׵Ļʹ뿪
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ʱ죬˭֪˵ͱ䡣ûдɡҶֻøؾһ·㵽һ档
ҶЩĿȻôһĵɽ
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Ҷ˵ҪȥΰɽҲôһξ룬ҲǼСʱо͵˰ɡ
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ϴô죿ϴǸüͷһĴѰҵơʮˣֳ飬ͬʱǹš
ǵĶǳйأӦƽʱѵǳءԲǵ֯ɢܱȵġ
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ִʱҲҰܵʱ䡣ûжԵʱƤҪУԣѾǺܺõġ
֮ͣ˽ŲȻۻءԭǷҶǣǷǸ׿ǳˡ
ʱһһȥԱ׷׻档
ʱͻȻĶӹ๾ˣܴ󡣴㹻


480 һδƽһ
Ҷ޲ðֱӶȥˡϸոճ˰ֻŶһᣬôͶˡ
˵Ͷɣ㻹ӽСоͽаɣ㻹ؼʱУⲻǹô
Ҷ͸ķ϶ʮˣȫǹıƽķ򡣶ҳʰΧ֮ƣ涼ûзŹ
ҶӵŵʱؾͻȻһ
һ¿Ҷŵòᡣ֪׾ôһŮ֮ǰĿһۡ
Ҷ۾⣺ұŮһ£ҶԼһ¡Ҷﵹס
ȭ׳ôһͷҲҶĶ֡Ҷ֮ԵģΪؾ죬ǰǰһֱչԼߵˡ
˵Ʒʱؾó洫ĽҩҪȻҲô˯š
ôһСŮܾôˡ
Ҷſ׼ȥͻȻһ꽥Сˡ
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ֻӳüͷһ壬¶һ˿ɱЩȫҶ￴
ʮĿֻǸӳͻȻ֣ץؾļ򡣲һ˲䣬ҶĿɿڴ鷢ˡ
ֻؾͻȻʶһ¼򣬽һĽ沽Ȼ˲ѿǸӳؾһͷƵǸӳ˫ֻס

Ҷﲻɵ̾ؾȻһ֡ᵫ˿ûжĶһǳ걻ѵģ
ؾСһ䣬ȻǸӳڵϡ
δδšƺˣ֪ôʱһϣ
ҶͻȻ뵽ս֡
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ϲôɵɡ
Լһ·òһԴһĴׯׯĴ峤ҪԼ鷳⼸ǲᷢ顣
ôǵĿĵʲôԼҪͨǼԼҶתһ룬Լֻһͨưɵıˣʲô˵ǡ
ǣǲ٣Ҳڵﵽɽɡ
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ҶоԼ˫һûڵ¡һҲǵɴ۾һĲš
ؾ˵֮󣬾Ϳͨ죬˼ܻ棬һԡ
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Щˣһأ
ȲǺĴͷ֮һҲ׾ӦĵôǲֵȭΪʲô
ҶԴƮ⣬ֻͻȻȻһ
֪˵ͷǰ̹ܽ٣ִйܶ񡣶ദһ̺ۣҲʶ
ЩӦòʽģֻ˵ʵϰָָؿڵİ̺ۡ
ʵϰⶼʲô⣿һʽԱأ
Ҷɻ󣬼˵ǾôƺġҲЩ˵ʵ̫ˣӦǸղõĳԱ춼ʽԱǿ¾һս
ˣ˵ǵ˭
ݷһ³֡
ȡ
ȣһ׻أôˡҶһĲмֻһЦЦǣôʹˡЩ˿ɶǷӡ
ΪʲôҶڻûʶ֮ĺܳһʱȵ֯˷ǳ鷳һȣҶҪ
ǵܲѪȶħһȫйҶ֯ķǳӴ֯֯ĹģʮĻҪ󡣡
ǹ˵ʮ֡Ϳ֮󣬹ȻһӲһ
˵ڻĵķֲͱȡΪȡ
Ѫȶħȣе˼
⻹ǣһδƽһ𰡣


481 ձ̱
ҶͻȻйѪڵĸоʲôȣʲôʮģҪһˣСүȫš
һɱһɱһ˫
̫˷ܡ֯˵ǶģƺǵĹͬĿꡣܻĺܲҡɫһЩء
ŵǰǣҲûȫǵοҶֻǹһ˶ѡ
̫Σˡ
ҶĻֻǺǺһЦӾһɱҲˡ
ʮĲŲһءͻȻ˵ҶԿһۣһйȻеô
˵˻ǸСŮʵղһ˵ҶãҲ˵á
ô˽ǣҶôʣ˵װС椣֪ʮĵһԱˡ
ҡҲ֪⻰˵ļٵټ١ҶҲûв𴩡
ۿѾͣˣкؾһ·ɽ
ɽ¿˽ֵ˻Ⱥ̫Ѿˣ˻Ǻܿġ
ҶһȭҲ̫ˣм̫۶ӡںòɽصôܲǸˡ
˻˺þõʱ䣬Ŵһڳ˾˶࣬Ҫ˸߼ۡҶҲν˰˵˾ưɵĵַڳһͷٵĿȥ
ҶһǮûУڿЩˣ϶Ҳǲֶ룬˾ưɣһһҲû¡
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ؾҲͰˣһɽĺӡô£۹⣬ʮ֯Ƿǳǿĸ֡һҲˣôûأ
ҶԺиֹһ˿˲ҡҡͷαװģͶһһŰֽһСѡ
ưһξ롣һ·ģڳ˾ȫһŮ߾͸ߣִıȽϼ򵥡һ˫˾ʦһ·Ŀˮ
˧磬Ǵ˵Ǳ߷˱ըöԱϹȥ˵˲ء
ҶЦǿɲһοºǵĵҪ˼ˡЩĴС죬Ҳˡ
һ£ճǱǼ֪ʲôʱȥͷ
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ҹʱ֣һ·Ͻӽͨʼӵ˾һ̣򿪴˵˵пͻǳǱү£үӦ֪ɡ
Ҷҡҡͷ֣һ˼ôˣǻ׹ݲɣ
˾ķ̣ﰡүǳǱϴ¿ɶء˵үˣŭ˵Ҫһʲô˱𡣡
үˣҶһ룬ҲǡôǿҵıըҶүͷŴְΪ˾ԼˡֵˣʵûôǿܰѾǺܲˡ
ҶģôŷƷүҶﲻС
һ·ϣ˾ϻƪ˵һѡŵĿֻСߴߴ˾ҶƺûжȤҲ졣
ڳͣ˾ưһĽֵ档ʯҶﻹע⵽һ㡣ֵգһЩŹ֡
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Ҷȫɱ˲ŵؾ׷׺ˡҲĿһصĲƬڵţһ´Ѫ
Ӧǳ˶ʮСʱѪѾ˶ұɫˡ
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棬һСӰҶ߽˾ưɣͷ绰ι磬ҶѾˡսҲڡ
ӰںڰУʧ
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ֵǣſţһҲûСûзԱûбఢ̣ûоƱûС
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ӳһԵǿ⼸˻ָһҶʵɶɵģ
صĵ˵ͷǣһȻû˵Ҹҿ϶ǡңǰոܰˡ
Ҷһվصڰ̨档оҶŭ
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Ҷų̀ľƿֱ֮ӾſȥߣУӾһȥҪǸҶձһ£ұضɱǡ
Ҷߵſڣ¡ֻҶĿ֪Ҫʲôҡ
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ǣҶձ̶Ҫˣһס𣿱ϻֵܵģϼһһȥȥҲ㡣
ưɵļͷ˵ˣôص˸ûս¹ڱը֮ʧƾҶ˰춼ûҵ
ʣµģӡľڿͷ鲻Ψһʣµģ
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˵Ҷתˣɶز᲻֪ձزˣһٸӣҲôҶѾһֱٽ㡣
ٽ㣬ԾֻҪú÷ҶͲ嶯
ֻϧҶûȥֲ˵ˣϻҪȥҵŮˣ֪ҵѡ񡣡
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˫ֲڿڴ棬ҡҡͷھҶߣʵ̫ΣˡҪ׷ȥʱͻȻһİСˣҶǰ
Ҷŭ棬ԼһƿĹȥ˭֪ͿǸͻȻ˵˼䣬ݸҶһ绰
Ҷ绰Ǳߴ˺ҶҪɵɶȻŮˣưһֵһҡʮˡ
ҶЦһ˵·


482 벻ĺ
Ҷ˵Ĵ£˾ưһֵ档һɫƫҰľưɡ˿̾ưһҲûС
ԱȣûһſվװƷıڡ
֮Ҷ϶ǱڣΪҶ￴͹Ǳǹ
ڿС˺Ҷֿ߽ţһơ˽ȥ
ҡҶҲ⵽ǲǸ壬ҪҪȻձ̡һܷŹ
̣ţǵɽ𺣣ҲȻ
һư棬ҶͿɳĺվһϢǳΣյˡ
ʮ£ͬװƷҶע⵽һ㣬˵ϢŽԡ
ɳϺźƣҶˣȻӭ
Ҷ㻹ˡ֣ҪҶһ£Ҷ￴ûֱ
˶üëһָԭ
ư棬ֻĸˡıڣҶվҶﲻԶǸˡ
ԬΣûˣȥɡԬǴ·Ǹˣ߲ҲһʮֵĲۡ
ֻԬε˵ͷ˳⡣
˵ɣòҪԱû³ŽûҪĶ֪ġ
һ˿ˬܿͻָЦ
ΪҶﵹһƣٱԼһ˵룬֮ǰкܴᣬΪ֮ǰµǸҲϣӣⱭƣǵһʹ
ҶɻĿ˿ǰľƱ˵϶ӦòҩɡҴӺ֮ǰһϵжӦԼ
ˣҰġҶһۿһ֪һᣬһǸһ
ҶﲻɵƱһҪԸɶ
ɴ࣬ҺϲɴˡҴӦ㣬ӽԺ󣬲ͺ鷳Ҷƣһᾡܡ
Ҳһڸɵеľơ
ˣϻͲҪ˵ˡɶǱʲôҪ֪ľص㻹
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˵ھ͵ǱߴԼʮˡֶ١
Ҫ֪ձ̵䡣ҶɲģĿľǾȻձ̶ѡ
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ҶվȻѾ֪˶ԷĵϸϳôֻҪɱȥͺˡ
ģһԴȥɶȹϵϣһ㶼ûлҡʱӦϡɶǸ֮ˡ
Ҷ˺ЦֻҶվͻȻаЦһ£źͻȻûô򵥡Ҷı飬̫ڹˡ
ôôȷһһ¡ΪѾˣ̬Ѿŵ÷ǳˡ
κ˵˫ӮȻһҶ˼ҶڵĿĲȥȻ˫ûл
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Ѿо˵ɱҶﲻϵĴѹʱҶʵֻҪ̽һºʱ򣬻ǰ
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Ҷ㣡ָҶıӡֻıͻȻŲһȭצҶץȥ
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ǶǴˡɶЩ£һҲҪҶ¼ҹ˵ģֻԣһǵĽһëǮҲûСԣ
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һɱ֣һë𣿡Ҷűӡ˵Ҷţȷʵŵʱ
ԼȶǮС¡ڵô꣬һֱͱٵĹ͹ҡβǮںںȨ
ҶʱһǮֻҪҶﲻҶһǮʲô¡
ɽ
һص֡¶˸Ե΢Ц
ص㰴·ػعȥҵĶƾҶʵǱ뵽һ棬Ǻ׵İɡ
ģ֡
߳˾ưɣҶｫڶ档ڽĹߡҶûֱӹȥȻص˺ҹưɵſڡ
˫ֻƲǰЦſҶֻҶһǸ˵Ҹղš
һȭҶļϣʲôû˵¶һЦݡ
ȻҲҶżͷŭԶҶղŵ̬ȣûзϡ
㶨ˣЦЦ
Ҷ˵ͷư棬ѾСһͬȥҽԺصǽ壬Ҫȱ֮
㶨ˣҵһͷ㡣ˣ±̵ľưɴƻܹʵˡ
ҪҰæ𣿡
Ҷ΢΢һЦá
Ӣ۾飬ȻҪԼһԵñȽ˧


483 Ӧ
Ӻϣһڶ֮ռʮεĸ߼˿̻ŵơ
ڸ߼ĲԶݴһӰǱ档Ҷſڲݴ棬ȴĵ
һᣬһɫı񳵻ʻҶڵȴ˰Сʱ֮ڵȵ˺
ֻǸ³ֻˡߵ˻ǰ档ܱߣŴʮڡɶھһֻ֮Ȼ˵ı
ǲȥϢ͵ŸɵҶزǰྩչأǿ϶ȥġ
һɫĳֻߵǰڿ˿һϹһ롣ŻĿˡ
˽ȥһţͱڶԻʹҶĶ棺ô
ٻһֱڰҶһЦɶסˡ
죬ˣɶ
˶׼ûУ˵ڣҲǺˡ
ݺ鱨ɶ⣬ʣµˣѾˮһսѾʤȯգҶܸо²ô˳
ֺŰſڣšŴ򿪣һɫƵĿź˵һ硣󽫺ȥ
һɶͣ˽Ųʵô棿
ֳȵһ棬дŹҶһһ㶵ġ
ЩôôϷġϾҪɵԼϴˣȻܱ̬ȡǲװ
Ҷһ룬Լ϶ֵ˵ĵȥֱһһ˰£οҪԼ
٣ܽ˵үѾͷү֣ȫǷɱ㡣еĳڣͣѾǿˡҪܣûô򵥡
ͿɶصĽıɨϣݺݵ˵ģҶأж𣿡
׼㱨ҵ̽ӸոմӺҹ̽ҶѾˣҶҲõϢѾǰˡһ˿ɱ⡣
ãɵĺáǸٻصྩ֪ͨ͡Ǳߵע⾯裬ҪɵҶ
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һΣɶ˴ĻҴزҪ˴ɱĸܾѻǹĸ
ҶֻҪȥ̾ɱ
ҶﰡҶǴ޽ɣһҲܲˡɶЦһ˲á
ô죬һϢ
ȥһ£ȥ¥ϿǸС椡ɶ˻֣¡
Ⱥ˳ţ˳ȥŶҶ˵ҶԽˣǵû·
Ҷİ׳ƷɶеƷһ׵ĺװؼװ棬һһöСı롣
Ҷﻻ·Ժ󣬳ŻȥſڵıڿҶף˲侯ֻҶ΢΢һӣ¶룬ڵ˵ͷȻôҶ˽ȥ
߼һĸİᣬơֺŰɶеİᣬԸ⣬˲롣
Ҷһ·ǰһ¥ƱһɶŮ˻ʱϢĵط
Ҳĸ䣬ǳĴ
ҶֺŰ֮⣬˺˵ձ¥ϵĶŷ䡣ɶˡȥǸѧҪǸС椡
˵ƽʱôҶǺôֻһͨѧֺǺýáҶûɲ
ԳµʱĽˡʵҲǿɶǿĻ
ҶЦһ£ĻһĻء
ķû˿ôҶҪһˣ˳ֱӾͽɶ
ͷûˣķ䱻סˣԲҪ
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Ҷûлشֱ¥
¥ϹȻкܴĿռ䡣һ¥Ϳһ2ơվڡҶһ֪˲ǵ֮
ҹһûзɡûˣҲܾ衣ΣҶϤɱ
ҶоӦǲˣôá
ҶһüͷҶףҲ֪ɶĵбʹҡ
ףôܳ
λ磬ˡһҹҲϢһˡҪȻ񲻺ãһʱˣûоġҶ¶һʮЦݡ
Щɣôһѧˣôᱻй
ţͿҶͻȻӰһһ棬ͻȻǵ󣬽š
Ҷ˫ֵ֣ڴ󾪣һӦ΢һ㣬ûзӦͿǽϣȥ
һǿŤӣҶֵļǱҶֵ򵽣һʹ
Ҷﲻ˵Ĳ°ȥҽ߳
ϥ˵ĸΪ˷ֹгҶַſΪס˵졣
һ˲䣬ɶνĻ͵Ҷǰûлֵء
ʱһ䷿棬ĽкҶｫſڣ洫ɶļЦ
ʹҰɡ㿴ҶϾҪҸɵҲɧˡɵȥྩǸٻ죬ǰ;
㲻ҪҪҶô󺰴СҶŵĽſһ϶ֻɶЦſ
ͻȻһɶһ䣬涡
Ҷû̽ȥͻȻСĻǲܺһƴģҲֻձˡ
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ĽšѾ׼۾ȴɶĺΪҲ֪һѧʲô취
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ҶһΣ
۾Ϊʲôҵ
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Ҷ̲סɶЦһ˵ٺ٣ʱҲûˡҶ˿̣Ѿɸˣ
Ŷ𣿡ҶͻȻЦ˵ͿɶͻȻһ飬ӲתҶһȭ۾ϣɶ˴
ҶｫŹϣаЦĿɶڵɶﻹиղ۸ƣһɪɪ
ҶƳһ۴ָָ¶˵ġ
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ҶжһţʵʵڵߵɶϡҲѹʹ࣬ʹȥ
Ҷ£ץɶͷ˵ѽҪҴɸ𣿡


484 Ӱ
ɶɫɫԼĳλҶֱ飬ʹңҶץͷ
ɶҲţԼǱġҪȻҶһͻķҪһʱ䡣
ʱ䣬㹻ɶܵġ
ҶɶͷϵߣһġɶԴϾ͹һɶ˶ˡ
ɶû˵Ͳ仰ôɱңҲҪһԼжθССϺҪ㣬ȷ㲻𣿡ҶаЦһɶһߡ
ӣɶĽʵʵ
ڳ֮ǰɶԼĴζӣɶȴ·ɡ
ûдجεһҶӰһ̣Уݷһ
ҶñӵԼ壬ĶҶﺰһ
ǲǾҽر˧ҪˣҶعͷЦԼǰҶ̬ȣһЩ˼лл㡣
лң㣬˳顣ҪȵˣڸڡҶ˻߳˷䣬һѹ
֪ǺһŮһץġһͼܡǱڷ֣˷ֱ䡣
Ҷ˵ģɣǸŮȻԼֻһƷ뵽ĴԭΪԸҶһλᣬڣҶﲻᡣ
ڴϣһɱ˵ĸо˲¡
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䷿ȸڵҪ࣬һһأ䡣
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487 콵
ƹһӵͿزһŵͻȻ˳Ҷﻹע⵽һϸڡ
ز·ǳȫûһµĻҡ
ĪزֻϷҶ˲áزҲ̫ˡȻּŭԼ顣
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