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Ȼеǿ־ǣûܼ̳ǰļ䣡
ٹϵù׿һжʹ
ȽʳϧԼСһѿţһңˡ



Ш ˫
Ԫ½۹ʹڵһľԺ
һԼĪʮһԺУһɫ£ȴһ࣬һԼĪ߳ıΪҫۡ
ֻһȣ߳һͬĽ˿˿⣬ӰһʱԺ۵ĺͳƿ졣
겻ϵı仯ʽеĳ趯ٶԽ١
ϸһᷢ趯ʱɢһ㵭ɫâ
ŹâĽԽ
ͻȻ˫Ŀһһеĳ磬͵شһԵʯͷ

һ죬ôߵľʯȻһʯ
ǿʯżӲƵʯ۹ҶӵԽʯһߣֻҲ޷ز
˵õʯӲȻһøã
ǰ꾹Ȼһ㽫ʯʯ飬һʵվԶһЩ̿ðզࡣ
һг䶨ջس곤˿ԭŵϣЦҲزסһԵ̨ȥ
ԺĲԶ̨ϣǾվһӡ
δϲԾ¶һηƣһеĻţݶʱ֮
ǰӺȻǵ۹Ļʵ۶γ졣
ԺǿƵкǶγİӣ۹ΨһĻӶƺơ
ԺӵĸԼվһЩӰЩǸչ˻ӵˣԼ𱣻ʵ۵Ļ
˿̣ЩǰվԺΧҴһ´۹ΪһԸӡ
ЩܹΪҵĻӵв׵ʵղСһչʾҲЩ¶һĨ֮ɫ
СʱȻ޷һ
γǰССĶƺƴЦգϣʵʣղŵıô
Ŷƺڴõ۵ģγƽ¶һĨοЦݣĵس޵ãʮͻżɹ֮ҶγĶӣ
ƺƵõϵЦոʤʢ
γڳ֮ͻȻһתϽŶƺƸʶȻʮ֮ͨȷʵ˲𣬵Ҫ佾ꡣ
Ҫ½ʿ಻ʤǿĴڣ˵ؼҵСӣһȴǱһ֪֮ǰʱѾﵽ۷塣ֹؼСӣԪ½ϣⷬɾ͵ͬ˲
ƺγⷬжʱ־սȭͷ˵ʷģԵŬΪ۹Ļӣǲˡ
γԣص˵ͷڶƺƱֳĶ־ʮ⡣
ֻƬ֮󣬶γͻȻ̾˿
ƺЩɻؿԼĸʣʵΪ̾ѵʲź
γḧŶƺƵԴ˵ΪȻŻʶֻЩȴǹ⿿ŬɴﵽģЩǸŬֻҲĪ
ƺʴӱԺգƽ˶޲мӣʱͻȻγ˵ʱЩ׷
γƺƲӣ΢΢Ц룬ⲢʲôܣҲ˵ʶ֪½ʽ
ƺ룬̶ػش֪½۹֮⣬Ƶ۹Ϊǿ󣬶ڴ½֮Ƭĺ򣬻Ӵĺ壬ֻǺȴǴδۼ
ǵ˵ͷҡҡͷγĿңգЩ˵ʶ˵Ĳûдȴֲȫԡ
£γ˵ʶҪ֪죬Ȼֺܳɫлҵ˵õһԴƽ޷õġƬ½ϻԶԶڻ֮ϵ
ŶƺһԻɫγ̶˵Щӵмǿĵ̣ӵеĶǻҿȵģЩĵӣͨ޷ģǸӶĪ
ôҲȲ𣿡ƺưŰɵʵ
ƺƲţγЦЦ漴˵ⲢʲôܣȻͨл΢е͵Ҷʮ˽⣬˵һ½ǿĪ˫֮Ƶˡ
˷ֱԪ½ǿ޼ɹ˽ǸлѼѪĳţ˵˫еڻʶ͵ʱ֮
˵˵γΪ԰˵㸸츳׿ʮأﵽ۷壬ǸԸ۹ڣܳԽ㸸ʵģֻһֶֻĹЩһǳѾõǿߣ
£γʱЩЦ̾ǣҪֻһ֮ڱذܡ۹ڵǼǿߣҲδйУ
ƺһСѾŨŨ֮ɫ
γûƺƣԹԵ˵꣬ڸʮ֮ʣһͻƵ۷壬Ϊ˾ǿߣʱһһԪ½֮ϣ½һС𶯡Ǵ½ǿߣµıˡ
Ȼ˽׼֤֮Ϊ֮֮һ֮ɱ¸һ¸Ĵϣʮ֮ڣ¸ͬΪǿߵϹٺǺ޶һкټ¹ˣ¸ڴ½ϳ׳
ƺѾԣнһһɡ
γȴǻδ˵̶꣬˵֮ĺ˫ܵżԼսѩ壬սҹʤѩķ嶥ȴΪ˵ԵʣӲرȥһǣ˵ǳսεĲҡ
˵γ˼ЩƮɡ
ƺ񣬼γͣ£ɴߴٵѯʵʣȻأ
γعɸп˵˽ǵţⳡʱΪעĴս󲻷ʤǱ˴˲ϧĸ飬Լսѩ֮ۡԼӻ꣬Ҳ֪Ƕ˵Ϊǵһʲôĳ̶ȡ
γ˵ģǶƺδ֪飬ֱöƺȻССģʼĲתΪ𾪣Եĳ֮顣
̶Ƭʱ仯ѾλСҲʤ֮ġзϣгһܹĿλ֮ӵķɡ
ȻƺƲǣγе֮ӣ˫еʱ˿̣һװţòŮӡ
Ȼ濴ƽû֪ĳ𾪺Ի


1 ţƹͷ
ֹ𾪣˿̵ԴҺģΧʲô飬֮󣬱㷢Χһжôİ
ͬģվǰװŮӣͬûκӡ
ƽָȣǰžף۵СŮһڨ
ֻϧ˿ԴһŽ᲻Ǹ˼
ǰɫŮһеػΪʱֲ嶫
Ȼе𾪵ĻǶγ˵ԼЩԻʷ
ֻһȴǴǰСŮ˵ѡ
֪ĵı仯һûбģɿɰľС죬һµʲôǲʲôǵˣ
˵˵ţǽεС϶ʱֳһɰԹ֮ɫĴ۾ǲһˮӵ˵ҪˣͷҰɣҪҪ㣬ֻҪ𣿡
һɫŮԼǰȻСҲЩĿɿڴжʱеԼʮĶͽһ㣬
ֻǣ˿ȴǲҶ˵ʲôԼԼ޴鷳
ݺݵһԴʱԼ˼֣ͬʱҲǰյϢ΢˳
ʱѵʶԼƺԽˣԽһȫ߸Լ֪硣
ǰᣬʵеǸԭֻԵһҸߵƵĳʦ
֮ǰ˵ĻԼòƳΪʲô޼ɹٹӣ޼ɹƺͦţƵġ
ֻǣ漴ЩԼԽˣȴûм̳⸱κμ䡣
˵ƺǰǸʮ˲õʮ꣬ȴѾڵǿߡ
ǰСŮҲǽ۷ʵ⻹ΪΪŮƽȫȨӣûжʱԵʡ
ȻһжԼ˵ģ֪١
˿ԴһƬҵģֻúһ˰һ£ҲûڰСŮԭݣӲǽ˳ȥ
뿪֮һԣ̶ĵתڵ
һ᲻ɴͷɥܹܵһȵߣǱνˡ
ֻǣƵǣοЩ
жʱԼʲôҪԼƽʱЩ̰ԣԼ͵ԾƵʳ
ѵΪҪԽδ֪磿
ԽˣΪҪԽļһϣ֮⣬ûκιļ䡣
εشǰӵӣĳʮּ򵥣ȴ¶Źɴ˿ɼӵݺֻȴζ˲
ȻԽ⸱˵ʮָ߹󣬰˵ӦÿԺúһȴձ
΢侲֮ѾʶԼ󼴽ٵ⡣
Ժ͵ϵĺＫΨһֵο֮⣬ûаļ䡣Ҳ˵˸ոʶ֮⣬ټ޼ɹһ˶ʶ
ʶԼǸĸף޼ɹ˭ҲʶΧκһˡ
Щ裬֪Ǹɶġ
޷ҪκദֻҪԼһ·ţֻͻᱻʶݣʱȴԼĻʲô³Ҳ֪
ʵҲû취С˵ﴩԽ߳õļװ˲ӣ书ʧȫޡ
ȷʵǸð취Ͼ˼Ѿԭȵ⸱ȴʵʵġ
ֻǣһ뵽޼ɹǿһССŮֻ¸޷Щˡ
֪ĸǷӵмʮ¶ֶΣʱһֻ֣Լѡ
ɲԼСȥġ
ҪǣǸʲôݵļһ֮һԼ֮ǰԼҪѩٴαһ
ǸѾֻʣˣԭȵⳡսֻǳڴսⰻȻ
һʲô֪ļһǶһ׾ĵõģԭڵϣҺκһ˷Ŷԣ˵Ǹֵδ֪ˡ
˵Ǹݺ֮ǰ˵ʵڲ֮䣬ͬڵǿߡ
ԭȶڿûʲô֮ǰһƣ㽫һа˸ߵʯ֮᲻ɵ˿
һԵʯ飬ָо쳣ʵȻѧ͵͵Żһơֻаƴʯͷ֣ʹص
뵽֮ǰԼ׵ƣǿȥ޹ǵϸ֣ȴǲԾ˿ڿˮ
üһ벻ǸСŮȻҪǸղһƲʯϣԼԴǡᰵš
һʱ䣬ĲɴһʼתΪŨŨؿ־塣
־ĲһƻʯҲǾʵ̫ǿ
ᾪֵǣʵ̫ˣ
ʵǽ۷壬ܹƣôڵݣӵеʵ
չԼӵ򲻹˵ǸٵˣԼӦԼȥˣҪ
ǰ͸¶ģ޼ɹⳡʮӣƺǹغ޼ɹ⡣вԸʱֻԼǸϵҪõԼĲӣӲȥ
˼ˣ᲻ʹԼԴвͣԭúõ޼ɹȴҪȥ˱ԣⲻǳԱųţû
һ̣ϣԼԽһͨϰϣһؤϣҲùĵһʱܻû
Ҫֻ֪һʦƽ£һԼԲ
˵ˣԭһЩó
ȴƫƫԽһʱû
Ĵ֮ϣϷþöδ˯


2 
һºֻǰȴᴩԽ󣬵һμǼӡ
˿̣һ֮ϣڵǴϵһͷ֮С
ĵ죬Ѿӳ޼ɹ
߸ȷе˵Ǵҡڵ뿪ģϾڵݿ޼ɹٹ
ٹţȻû˸ҹʣ뿪޼ɹʱ쳣˳˴˿̣Ů֮⣬޼ɹδ˲ס
޼ɹǷΪĲǶֵüɹѾܹˣʱŴ֮ϡ
ⴲȻԭŴ󴲣ûǰĵȴطһһޱȷɡ
εʱϣһ·ϣһµʱ䣬Ҳ֪Լʲôط
ԭȵԼսĵطȻѩɽǱӦڱʱھ֮еᣬѹûʶѾǵԲŻѡߡ
ʱ޼ɹԽԽԶһ㵹ġ
ıľЩƣǱֽеϣ׼ú˯һ
ղеԼΧҰڷŵʮɲҪСˡ
ЩɶǼŸָ书ؼ
ϸû֣ᷢϵǱϣдĸ֡³ϫ
ʶ˿ǰ⸱ֻ»ᱩ׵ֱţᱩ
ֻԪ½ϵǿߣû˻᲻֪⡶³ϫΪ˵ʵԭȵһĹϵ⡶³ϫǵ걻һ֮¸֮
¸Ϲٺ磬ǿ⡶³ϫܹƽƽڡ
ǿߣǿһ޷ﵽľ磬ɴ˱⡶³ϫж
¸֮˳ֽ⡶³ϫ˻ȴǱڵᡣ
˿̣Ͽɲֹֻһ³ϫԴͬźüʽµ⣬ССʮһԡ
һ۹Ļҿֻ»ἤû
űǾԪҲйĴؼǰǶƺСԺĽ⡶Ԫ
ֻǣһ㲻ͬǣǱԪֻǰ벿оűߵȴš
Щؼʵ뿪޼ɹʱһͬġ
Ǵֿɼٻ֮󣬲ûֱ뿪ǽǼһܹߵĶߡ
ѾӵÿȻ󲿷ֶ֪ʲôõģһӲӵĽңҲ֪Ǯ
׻˵Ǯ߱£ȻҪ뿪ȻҪЩңֻû߼죬Լͻᱻ
һѽӲӵĽ֮⣬ỹѳʮ
һԵĲ鿴ѾЩ඼һЩ书ؼ
вһϲȻʮСܵӹѬգʱȻҲԼĴΡ
ԵЩ书ؼ֮ʱÿǣһԵؽʮؼһ
뷨ܼ򵥣㲻ΪԲʱ룬Ǹֵûһ书ֻºȥ
ңЩؼ书ûٹݣһܹʮ
ΪˣԸٴһЩңҲҪЩؼȫߡ
뿪ʱǱһΪصİ
Ȼ⸱ԭȵ˺ôҲԪ½ǿߣ㲻ʹȻȵġ
ԭᣬ߹ͷĴܽѹ壬˵ôİ·ˡ
һµʱҲʱշЩ书ؼڸոգоǱ³ϫ
ǣʧǣоһ£ɿЩؼдĵʲôʮֵơ
ʵⲢ˵ӱ෴ģͷ൱ģҲܲ˼ĳʦͳΪһǼƵ
֮ǰѧϰãֻΪ̰棬ùˡ
ǰʮ书ؼﵽ׽ʲôԭܼ򵥡
ԭȵ޼ɹĳţ͸ʮѾǿߣ½ֻûмܹȵϣһ
ӵǿʵ书ؼȻһЩؼ޼ɹģҲĴռġ
Щؼԭȵ˵ֻСһ⿴ѧеĸ似
ǣڵκ似ûнӴЩ
һ㶼Сѧȥѧѧ΢֣
ԣῴЩؼϵĶʵˣǲŽˡ
ȻԴ˵ҲΣǰѾе֪ԼԭȵǺεȵǿ
ȻȻǾܳʲôżؼģͺñڰ˹̹ĴͷϣܷСѧαһ
ڴԺ˯һҹᣬת˸ͻȻоԼ첲һ
۾ִʱѾƫͷһʱüͷһ塣
ԭ˯ȥᲢûע⵽ԼߺʱͻȻһֻС
СԼĪֻСôΪƽŵĹϵѩ׵СͦԲģһСֻ̯ƽĻɫСѾһһģ΢΢ſԼһ˿ϸ΢ľ׽ģƺ˯ñ㡣
СһģУһֻཱུС졣
ǵģȻӡеЩ𣬵ǰֻֻжСȷʵ˵ϵ죬֪Ƿ
Сһϵõġ
ԼŮ֪СĹֶʮʱүү͸Լմ񡣵ȻʱСһﻹֻһɢŵƹĹ޵
Ȼ󣬾˵޵Լ꣬ȻƿǶСģ
Ϊûм̳ļ䣬ȫ֪СһĲ²⣬ȻţƵ˼үү֣ص͸ӵ˳ɲʲôͨɫ
ֻСһǿһ㶼ûܿó
һۼʱֻҲͬ㣬̯ԼƽСѾԲཱུСӣ˵ڴ˯ž
ڵһۿֻʱеĵһӦǵֻб־Եĳͼ
ΪһִˣȻÿˣʶֻΪQQС졣
£ֻеڴϣأԺ˯СһֻֻǲһɫΧѡ
ᵱʱȫ˼αסԼСԶС޶ãڵӳ޼ɹʱ򣬸ûҪСһ
֮Сһ˿̻뿪޼ɹ֮󷽲ŷֵġ
ʱСһЯİУͬ㺨˯
Сһһյģ᲻һ


3 С
Ҳû˯⣬ŴӴ̶һСԲСϣѡ
˭֪һ˺ü£СԾɲһ紵ԿȻļơ
״ͷŭһסСǱƽĻɫСѾһѽ䵹ϵԼǰ
۾ûκηӦС죬һڣͻȻغСԷ
ʱԭһС죬ǹԲԲСһΣ̶ಡһֱħצһԾ̶䵽һԵľ֮ϣΪ̫أʱûվȣԲСֱӺľ˸ܽӴ
ῴɾúЦ
СӺľײԺжϳһˤǲᡣ
Сƺ˲ЩشԭյһС۾˲ôģԲԲԴһһҲͣš
ῴʱֺֺЦֻ죬ѵڵ¼𣿡
ţֻ֪Ժ˯ҾӦðӵϣʡ鷳
С⣬ϸϸһ飬ǼСᣬȴһ
ѾС۾ʱ¶һŨŨʧ֮ɫ
֮С췽½Ŀ⼯ڴͷϣһûģСʱԴ̶ǱƽСѾһҡһڵسڹ
һߣСл͸¶һĨֺɫ
Իıһֻϣȴ˵Ĺ죬һµദԴ˵ûʲôþȵģģƽ׸С˼ֿɰ
ЩصسԼڹС죬᲻΢΢̾˿һѽСšСèƵץԼǰͻȻЩĳ˵СﰡСԺҪֻ˯ͳвУ֪һһϵĽжȥҿɾİӽˣ죬Ӧòġ
СС죬ƺЩ˵Ľʲôһˡ
һҪˣСﲻ¶һίضһֺõӣϵϲ䰡ġ
㵹ǴˣҵĻˡû˵ôƽ͵Ա˵ĶʱͲ顣Ϊ͵ԣ˼ҵĽѾȫƲһˡ
һ˵᲻ޱȣҲ֪С﾿˭ޣ˵δԽʱСѾˡ
ǣǰСһȴǰԼǰͬڵСһ㣬պó˳Ծ˯
СΨһҸıǣùҪ
ССһȡ֣ҲǿСһﳤúQQֻСʮǱȡһг
Сֵʱ򣬴ҲڵĵִĿĵء
˫²ĵϣʱ͸ص˿
ﵽĵطϵ˽ܣ۹ĸۿڳк֮ǣ䷱ٶȲ۹ĵ۶ǡ
һᾭ෬Ĵ̽ռϢҲǶ˳˽⡣
֪Ƭ½Ԫ½֮⣬֪Ԫ½ĹұͳƬص۹Լһܺ۹࿹Ƶ۹
ͬģҲŪǰ˵Ľʲô˼
ԭƬ½ϵÿ˶һΪĶͺ֪ڹࡣ
ÿ˶ΪߣǿԪ½Ͻ仮ֳɶײ㣬ɵ͵ߣֱ硣
ÿַΪڡڡ۷塣
֮ǰһ㾳ľ磬˽ͳһΪһż
׶εߣֻǸոѧͽܳƵߡ
ЩһΪõϢ
ֻǣ±һؼʱǱָˣĽѾʣ޼ԽᵱҪ취׬Ǯ
˵ҲᱻӡӰ졣
ڵϵ֪Ȼʮּ߼ֵĹ֮׼뿪޼ɹ֮ʱ㽫ĽҴϡ
ԭΪЩңܹʳǴ뱲ӣֱ΢˽֮󣬲׹ĽӲûеôء
صһֽϾҵĶ
˵ϾңжʱڵóӶҪˣڷֳһҵʱҲԱߵС䷢ϹĶ
֪ˣǱ缫ΪصϾңֻǵʱ˵һֱ֪ӽԡ
統ʱܹ˳ִôһ㣬ֻҲǱ
ֻǣûм磬ֻܽʵ
ʲôˣСүҵ֮ǰҲ׼ܣҿûôǮ͵ԲƨɡݺݵؽСԼİУ̶̤سȥ
ֻǣ߽еһ˲䣬Ŵͣ˼ؿǰһС
ǰһصĽԣЩݵĽɫеЩ֮⣬û̫ľȡ
ԾǰԵĸ档
඼һЩŸʽı꣬ڴСں£ܵĽһʱЩӦ
Ҫ֪ڵϣйǾϽ˽ġ
ǰЩ˾ȻĿŵĿ⣬ʵ᲻Сĳ
ҪǵģûϤĸҲûָӽͨĺ̵ƣ˳Ŷ˫š
ֻмٲ˳һصС
С֪ͬеǸǹŴĽװ档
صǣҪгǰ⡰ǰ棬˵ˣһͷ¿ûС
һĥ֮Ծɲ⡰ôתġ
̶һɽһ㣬һ֪ĴĳС
ֱһȥ᷽ǿӦص»
ҪʼѰ֮ĵһݹͣҪΪڴĽֻС֧ˡ
ԭȣǴϱУһʦģΪЩʳ͵ϵıһһ¡
ʳи֮ܳΪʳֻǿڵʳѡ
һ֣ĸ㣬иǰԵţƾСүһ־տĳգʱʳ²ܺ䶯½
˿̣Ѿڼ˷֮ܵУƺϽڳ֡
飬ῪʼӦƸ֮á
ֻǵһĺҹ֮ʱȴǴżȵص˿ջ֮С
ϳǰļȣ˿̵ֻþɥݡ
ԭܼ򵥣ûҵ
ʼȥӦƸʦֻǵ˼һ˵ʱԭ׼չȭŵʱɵˡ
ԭǰǰģƽϤĳߣһȫĹߣ˰죬֪
ûлɿڵʳ
󣬻ûоˣǾ¥ĸѾͷؽ˳
˺üңԶ
˿̵ֱᡣ


4 Ů
Ȼ鼫ƣǵڶỹһżˡ
Ҳû취ģϾǮѾˣܻܲԵɡ
ֻǣʧܣҲֻʱѰҳʦĹתĿ
ԭΪԼǰĵ֪ʶҪһݹʵ׾١
ֻǣһĺҹ٣ٴδʧص˿ջ
ڶ죬Ȼûҵ
ԭΪϵѧ֪ʶԶʱҪȥӦƹ˷
ǣ֣ᷢ½Ļͨȫ˽⣬½˷ʽҲ͵ԶԶͬʽȻЩ󣬵ȴǶγһϵܹ׵ġ
ỹ쿪Ҫ˹̲ԷĿ⣬κλû˵䣬ͱ˼Ҹ˳
ԼȻ⸱ȴʮǿ׳Ȼ޷ͷҵôܿ԰ɣ
֮ǵʱ򣬱㿴˳дССʮұ꣬ԼɣȥѧͽƺҲǲѡ
ֻǣһʧˡ
һʼĲûдȷʵ첢ǹ⿿ɡ
ûκһԪ½ıȫ˽⣬ȻȻٴɴ顣
εһ죬һȻûʲôоôʵǿߣȴЩƣ
ڴϣһʮյСһķգأ԰ڴߣССĳĴԼ΢΢¡ѩ׶ӣ漴شһá
ǼԻı飬¶һζӡ
ȻСڸղǶʮ⡣
С⸱ģЩյض컨峤̾˿а̾Լࡣ
˽죬ϵĽֻĻѣڣûҵĻСֻܵŻˡ
֪ˣӦ޼ɹ켸죬ҲȵԼ΢˽֮뿪һҲŪǱ
˵һʵΪԵʡ
̾ССԴգգۣƺЩΪ̾
ѵǸղǶóԣССԴðɻ
̶СֱζԲСӣһҡһڵĳ˹
ǰСƵĲ˲ӣؽ
ῴƫͷ̶ۣϰԵؽСƬ֮ͻȻ˸Ĺâ
СȻĿеĺ壬һֱţǿɰСʱܵһ⣬Сﲢ䡣
ͻȻһ°ͣ۷ŹаЦ뵽ˣһγòʱҲǲǿŰļǮС㵱ܹǮһԣƺͦġ
һҪԼˣСʱŵֱУɰС۾ί
Сﺦ³ӣʱЦ˳漴СӵһԣҲȥ
ŪСһ֮ҲǺ֪࣬Ҳͽ˯˹ȥ
ȻİСˣСһദһѾϰСԼߡ
˵СԪ½ĵһѣÿοСӣһ֪顣
֪˶ãԺԼСĽ
С㰲òãҹģò˯ˣ鲻ֹ
ĻûСֹͣǽԽļ٣ֻЩ塣
˯ŵʱӴϷ׼úýѵСһ١
ɵ۾֮ʱȴǷԼԲ֪ʱһӰ
ССҧסӰϵǮῴУǷԼǮװŽ治Ľҡ
ʱӰҲ˹
Ŀԣ˴һ¡
ڿ谵˫Ө۾һ˹׷ʲô飬̶һץС͵
ڵһ͵سС͵˹ȥ˾ֻԶͻȻ𣬵С͵һ
С͵ӦһֽС˦ᣬͬʱСǮػССССֱײĻС
СĶҲһģָòС͵½Ƕ
С͵ѾһѾ򿪵Ĵɿȥ
СʮִȻҲ֪С͵͵ߵǽķǮ
Ϊ˲ԼСಡһ˳ȥɲǵĹҧסС͵졣
ֻǣСȻٶ죬κ̫СֻС͵ĽŲ
ῴСȥȻŹᣬͬҲ˹ȥ
С͵еˣ¿Ҳһȭ
ûע⵽С͵ĶŶʱ˸š
Щʹͣ˽Ųؿ΢΢Щ֮⣬Ტûиеκβʡ
С͵˿ȴޱ𾪣ղһȭȻûóȫûˣҲ㹻ɡ
ǣû뵽ȭͷڶԷϣ߾ȻûµһվǴӶԷֱ֮Щ顣
һ֣С͵ʱ󾪣û뵽˵ʵȻ֮ϡ
⻹Ϊ𾪵ĵطС͵ҲԼжٽ½Ҳʵǿĵˡ
ɼ˭ܹһн£һȭˣҲˡ
ǣղµĻһȭС͵оڿ֮УڶԷϣȴûκĸо龰쳣ܡ
ںܾǰҲһƵһԵһλָǰǰڵǿߣʱչ䣬һ󼤶Ī
ǰ˾ȻܹǰһĵزβС͵е𺳡
С͵֪ǣ˿վǰԭȵֻԽһЩɾղһȭ㲻ǽôˣܲվŶǸ⡣
µֻǽ˼С͵һ£ǲսϽȫܡ
ʱСɽҧţһȭڸղС͵ӳһȭʱС͵ģ
û뵽С͵ȻǸŮģϻһŹֵıɴ
Ů͵ǮȻŹ
ǣᵱٴ˹ȥٶȾŮÿ졣
ûȥע⵽ЩŮݣиƶԼ˸֡
ͷŮĸҶһ㳯˳ȥ
ۿӣŮ°ϲ
ֻǣûӦͻȻһŮֻһ
漴㷴ӦԼ·˺ˡ
ʱҲЩ㶣Ҳû뵽Ů˻һʱûץȴץסССѾ
СΪԼзԣ˿̿νʹ˳̵ҧŮ졣
ȻһŮ·Сҧһ顣
һƬ۹ĺ˿©УŮĴĴָСĺɫ̥ǣǿ
ŮҲǷӦʱһУ̶ŭå
ȻҲû뵽Ů͵ĶȻһʱ
Ů˿Ҳ˲ñ¶Ĵ⣬һ̵ߡ
״Сֱ׷˳ȥ
һ·񱼣ֻԼ˫ʹκȴǲʹãֻǼʱ䣬ŮѾܵӰûˡ
ĵ׷һξ룬᷽ͣ½ŲεĿһƺŮµ鲼ȴǽŮͷһʹ
ֻǣ侲֮漴뵽Ǯ͵ˣδҵô죿


5 ɽˮ
ڴϣȺ̧ͷ죬ͷϵʣȴǿޱȡ
ˣ죬ԴӱǸŮ͵ȥϽеǮ֮ѾûԶˡ
һʱ䣬᲻޼ɹǶνʳӣ޼ɹٹȻ䵽ⲽأ䱯
ʱѾ쵽ʮֵ֣ԵĿջʱƮ˵㣬᲻Ծ̿ˮ
ֻ⼸Ƴջζȴļ˼֡
һ̣ȥúóһ٣Ǹĺпܻᱻ
֮£תһƧСȥ
ǰСѾϳ˿ջֻ¶޽ͷ
һԻɾĽϴĵĶӣε̾
ʱ䣬ᲢûԴУǸƴѰҹ
ֻϧһȥȴûŰݹ
ᰵ˼ʱȴǷСӲԶĹսǴһҡһڵ˹עǣ˿СһСİӣϻһ
С⸱ģʱ
ʱСѾߣֺõĽİӵ˹
ʶĽӹӣɻؿСͬʱİһȥ̶ָָеİӣ˼Ͻԡ
ȻʱѾͷۻͷԻѡڿСݹİ֮ʱеһӦСһȥ͵ˡ
뿪ѯ֮ʱӵһȴǴһҼٵĽŲ
ɫһ䣬Ҳڣ͵شӵϵץһأԲСɿشһ˳ȥ
ܿģҵĽŲԽԽܹŭվסС͵Ȼ͵ҵİӡ
ԽӽаҧǿŸеļеӵس˹ȥ
ò˵Ȼ⸱ȴʮ֮󣬼ǱӳȥǰӣȺϻʮ۵ġ
һ˿ʹ֪
ᣬקСɿҴܣ֮˦Ⱥˡ
ϸ۲˺󷽣ȷû׷᷽֮˸Ϣ˿ŲѾЩ鸡Ϊ⸱屾ǿߣֻ¸ղʹ˵ˡ
ڴڵش῿űǶǽ˳һƨ˵ϡ
ῴһԵСε˵ûôģôÿ͵Զᱻ˷֣Ƿˡ
Сﱻһ˵¶ίϲ䰡ġ
ȻСȴҲЩж
Сһͬӡ
ǸղСðΣ͵ӣȴֻԼһʣµȫ
뵽᲻ССԴʾ
ϢƬ֮оӻָΪԷһҶ߰˸䣬һϡ
ղŵ飬Ŀڴţ˿̵ν˽ս
ԥǷҪȥؤҪŸ̵ļֱΪֹ
ЩٴθпԼԭúõĴڵȻûʲôǮСӹû㰲ݡ
ƫƫȴĪĴԽһ֪磬̶һµʱ䣬Ȼ䵽ⲿأʵĲҡ
߱˼ν±ʱͻȻԶһȺΧţЩ棬˹ȥ
Ⱥῴ˼֮󣬱﷢ʲô顣
ԭˡ
мȥǹܼģߣʱڸѡ
ǰѾ˶ʮӦߡ
ôһ֮۾ʱһһᣬܹѡУٽӾͲˡ
Ѿ죬ûжԣֻҲ֧ȥ
뵽ܿرǳĶ֮
ĵĵȴǰĳʧ˿ֵᡣ
ǰĹܼҿᣬҲϻֱʵʲô
ᣡʵĻش
ģ
룬⵹ǲûشѵĸ߶ԷԼǴӵģ
ֻ˵ɷӸ˳
Ȼͷֻһţ˿ɲŹ˺õĻᣬϹ˵һ
ɽ򣡡
ɽǰ޼ɹʱ;һƫƧСȫ²ٻ˼ң˵Ǹ嶼֡
ǹܼĻش㶣̶Ҳûɡ
⺣֮ÿ궼˷ȺҲûϸ
ʲôóı£
óı£ܼʵ⣬ʱסˣ֪λش
Ҫóı£
ᷢӣܼʵֵ𣿡
ԥ£ҡҡͷ
ǻ죿
ҡͷ
ܼһ˼⣬ȴʼҡͷ
һֱҡͷܼҲҡҡͷ˵߰ɣһ
˹ܼҵĻûбϣʧ̾˿ڹܼʱбԤϣǣЩɥתȺȥ
ûʱоһƬת̶һĨڣ㳹ʧȥ֪ۿǻ˹ȥ
ʵҲֲᣬϾѾûгԹκζǰһ·񱼣
Ҫǣʱ磬ͷ϶գɹôãѰڽʣեˡ
ղΪлһ˿ڴ᷽Źǿ֧͵ļ˲Ĵԣһӱûκ֪
֪˳羴˫֮һȻһջ·ߣֻ´ȥҪ¸ĸ𾪡
ĻԣʱȺһɧңǹܼҲһæ뿪λߡ
ϸ۲£ֻǻ˹ȥ˿׼и˽һ֮ʱͻȻȺ⴫һɧ
ܼüͷһ壬ѯʷʲô飬ʱȺȴԶֿ
ţһٻӰ赹ĵط
̧ܼͷһɫ̶һ䣬ɿվض˵С㣬ôˡ
һŮӣͿȥҲͶʮͷһȴʧɫΣµӲʩ죬ȴΧһ˵ȿЩ
ŮǸһò̬ЩѾߡ
ŮȺУɨһ۵ϵᣬûлشܼҵĻɻʵಮ﷢ʲô飿ôˣ
ಮĹܼԣǹؽղŷ˵һ顣
֮ŮҲԣϸµش˼̶̵ۣطԸಮ˽һٶˮ
ʱŮѾǿ赹ԭ򣬼̶ϸŮӶ˵С㣬˿ȥӦúüûԶġ
Ůһǵ˵ͷ̶תಮ˵ಮһὫظŵ
С㣬ʲôᣬҪʲôಮε˵ҲԼСǷ֮ġ
ȻŮ˵ˮЩصĻӦɣѵĶڽϣಮǣȥҪǵֻ˵ʵ
ǡðɣಮЩεҡҡͷӦ
еỹ֪ΪԼĻ赹ӵԪ½ĵһݹ
Ҳ֪֮󣬻θ롣


6 Ѿ
֪˶ãһ̵ļٴϮͬʱҲ˻˯еᡣ
ʹطһϸ΢̶Ƥ
ûü۲ܵΣȴǴһе̫ˣ
Щ̶֣ƫͷԴȥ
ʱһųе׳֮С
ǰֵİˣԻѣδüѯʣȴʮĵشһԵ϶˹һȺࡣ
СԸ࣬˵ǵԵġ˽˵ǰЦ˵Ǻø赹ʱǡС㣬˻Ȼֻ˿Ѷͷˡ
˿̲û˵Ļ۾ضеࡣ
漴ҲʲôӦһѽ˹سԸɾ
һ¶ǣḹеļҲɢࡣ
ЩδؿſտյС룬̶ʵ𣿡
һԵԣҡҡͷ˵ûˣСԸֻܸһ룬Ҫֻܵ죬ҲС⡣
һ㶣̶ҲǷӦղʵǶͷڶ֮󣬲һӳ̫Ķ弫Ϊ
ƽ᷽֮пմ֮ˡ
˴һֲɫЩƣһ۾ȴǾ񣬿ȥͺ¡
̶Χ˿һ䲻ڷС
֮⣬ֻмһԲľСԼڷڽӡ
Ӻ޼ɹӱν֮𣬵ǰסĿջǺϲ١
˭ʲôط֮󣬱㿪ʵ
ҽһǸոձԼū͡ЦŻش
۾ʵԼңˣ
ǡã֮ʱҲֳԱ㽫ʱһһʮؽ˳
Ľͣ׹ʲô顣ҲȷʵԸ֮УΪ赹·ԼСԼС㲻ͷһ˸С
˿̣᷽ǰǰ˵Ļ
ԼСҲǸϸ֮ˡ
ţϸӣδĵط
ֻǣЩϢ֮ͻȻüΪӡ
ϾΪһˣƽȵۣû뵽Խ֮Ϊһͼūͣһʱ仹Խܡ
ֻǣǰЩܾ˿ͷͷԥ£εؽʵ
ʼմ˷ܵɫǰԼСΪԼӦû㲻
ʱͻ룬޼ɹ֪ٹȻһ˼ҵū֪ͣ᲻һŭ֮£ֱӹԼţѩ֮ܣ
ǸԼǰ涵Ů֪ԼһֱźٹҪȥźˣ֪ǸʲôӦ
漴ҡҡͷЩֵͷ׵Ժ
ţͻȻ뵽ʲôɼʵûпһֻ죿
죿ʲôɻʵ
һ̶ӦԼһʱڿ쵹û뵽Ԫ½ûʲô졣
ǣ㻻˸˵͵һֻֻСôͼ⣬һСޡ
Ȼ򣬼̶˵˵һֱ֮ǰһֱԵСһ
ԣ˵ͷ㿴ˣ
ˣֹҿˣСҲˡͷ˵
С㣿Щʵ
ЦŻشİɣֻûʲô£ǰʱСһһֱ벻ظԣһʼǽӽ㻹׵úܣֱС棬ͣ
£˵֮ССһﳤϲ㽫˻ȥ
⡭
ʱ˵ˣСﾹȻˣĿСƺϲСһʱᲢʲôΣգʱ
˵ô໰Ҳ¶ƣһС޷֧ȥ
˸кٴγ˯ȥ
գٴʱ򣬾Ѿ࣬ʱѾ٣ӾʣһˣԲɰڷһֻ࣬Ҫࡣ
Ἰڱ㽫ɿڵ˸ɾ̶лշһУоΡ
ӽԼһԼҵūˣҲ֪ʱǸͷ
ҡҡͷţȥͷϵ᲻չԼ塣
ʱԶȴǴһϤĽһϤӰܿĿС
СЩϲغ
СҡԼСӣɿس
գۣСѾǰϰԵؽСӵǰǰһ
СȻʮָˣؽ̶˵㻳Уͣ
ЦŸССԴһĿġ
һһ໥֮ʱһСӰǽ
ڿ˵ỳСǽСӰ˹
ʱҲע⵽ͻȻӰϸһȴһѾװС
С￴ȥҲʮ߰꣬ݽοɰ΢΢ӢͦСӵǸ˼ְ
û꣬СѾǰЩؿᣬ̶ʵ㲻赹·ߵǸѹСһ
ԣҲûϣ漴ʵʲô𣿡
СָỳеСЩ˵ҲйӦý㣬СߵѾߣղСһС˳ġ
СԴĻüͷ壬˿£Ҳոյͺ˵ķͻοǰСﻹԼҴСѾߡ
ֻǿ᲻޼ɹǸο˵ŮǰѾߣô
˼ˣʱеգҲܼ̳ļ䣬ô˿Ϊһˡ
ʱ᲻˵̶˵ˣСһｻҰɣ
˵꣬ǰ׼ӹỳеС¶һȻı顣
״вɰŭСﱾޣɿСѾߵ̬ȣƺСӦһ
Ȼ˿ѾΪԼҵһūͣȻﻹûʶһ㣬˵ѹûʶһ㡣
˫֣ᾶֱ
˺󣬲дһ˿ŭ⣬һ㶣̶Щغȳô£СһңһҪȥС㽻ء
ԣŭЦò׷ѹͷ̶˵СҵޣƾʲôҪ㣿
һһ̶úýѵ֪ߵغū͡
ֻǣûڣȴǴһĺȳ⡣
Ȼ󣬵ȴǴŲɵϡ
ʲô
ѭȥʱ㿴һεŮ
˵ĺȳɫʱһ䣬̶С㣡
ĳƺ漴ǰŮӵݱǾԼһԼҴС㡣


7 ԼС
߽ԼҴС㣬᲻࿴˼ۡ
գѾͬݵ֪ǰԼҴС
ʱէһҲǲɰޣһף˴ԼŮӡ
۹ȻǰЩģʤڲʩ죬ǰ׿ţͬһȾİ
˿̣ȫûоԼΪһū͸е𱰡ڼԼӾȻ޼ɵشš
һĴ˼ңһٶ֮ܵС
ǰºͣûмƽ
ǰǺݺݵصһԵѾһ̶ۣתͷǸ˵ղˣ㲻Ҫϡ
ò˵ŮҲǱһ飬ͷš
ԴǸĻʱĺøи˼֡
ƣŮӷǰྺ׷ĿꡣϧԼݰҲֻ΢һ
ôҲȹԼһԼϵӣȻҪӡ
ǣҡҡͷ˵Сˡ
ԣ˵ͷ̶Ŀһ˿ϲضỳеС漴ЩĵʵСһ𣿡
ȴһƬϻӲػشСҵѡ
һԵԣٵ˾ٴ񣬲ɿںȳūͺ񣬾ȻСС󷢴ȱȻվ
Сľ֮Ȼģֻֻʵʵ˵ֺ˵񣿡ʾػ
ۼĿˣСʱɷ뿪ڣȴһԵ¡
ЩؿԼѾߣԴŭ̶˵ǲƽʱ̫ˣ˽Ұ
ԼСʱŵСף̶ΨΨŵŵصͷ˵С㣬
ˣûʲôˣȻȥղ׼ԷԼܼ췣ɣᣬ֪СƢԵȴǲٶ죬Ǳתɿ뿪ֻ֮ʱע⣬һв
ԴˣЩƣԼҵһ죬ƽ޹ǵһˣҪСЩ
Ҳû뵽ȻǿӲһ棬Щ졣
뿪֮󣬷̾Ҳû뵽վȻ˸Ƶģ㿴Цˡ
û£ֻǸСѾͷѡᵭЦ
ֻǶڸղʱвỹǰС
˸ˣڿⷬΪֻ»еܳжʹ顣
ֻϧΪһˣ̬ⷬȵǾȻԲûиеٲ졣ȻȻشҲūǰǫ
Ȼʮºͣ⸱Ե̬ҲЩ棬ɶۡ
㵹ǺһЩͬ΢΢һЦ˵
ԣʱԼƺǰԼСūͣвһ㶣̶ЦԼûӦµݡ
ʱСҲǽỳСԴ̧漴ǰɼǵãձǰƯŮӾᣬͬʱҲһٷʢ͡
ǣСؽһ̶Ļ˹ȥ
״һ˿ϲɫ̶˵һѽӹСڻзЦ
ԭСɰ
˵ţ۰ؽСرڻ۹ֲͣظСԴСǽؿڴʹزš
һԵ龰һͷСﾹȻ˺ɫרŮؿڲ䣬ԴȴȫȻ졣
һŪ֮СͣһԷ㶵ᣬ漴˵С𣿡
ǵģҷǳҪѣᶨ˵Ȼ˼ԸƴŲҪݵͼĹҲԸС͸ˡ
ᶨв¶һ˿ʧ
ܿģ˲¶ı飬˵ԭΪСޣܷСҡ
˵вһ
ʱһתЦ˵㲻ôţѵ𣿷İɣ˵С֮Ѿͷ
ԣεЦЦ
ǽ˵ȻСѣôûȨ𣿡
ⷬһʱҲɡ
ٴνͻȻǰʮȤҲûмᣬ漴Ц˵ȻҲҪСѣͨɣ
벻ȥ˵һĿģЩЦá
Ҳˣǰûʲô˼ҲͬЦ˵㶼˵ǻʲôӦһŶԡ
С﷢ƺ̸ԼʱҲ΢΢¡ؿ̧ͷſɰĴ۾ơ
һɰӣʱǵЦѡ
һЦ֮ĹϵЩ
ﶺãһֱСˣֱոշŴ뿪
ȥĶ˱ӰлŸղ˽̸ĳǲ¶һЦ
󷽵ˣԼҵӦòѹ
ᣬɵЦʲô
ƫͷһ㷢֪ʱѾ󣬴ʱһɻؿ
ʱҲǿԵСɾɵ˵ףʲôʱˣտСƺ۰ýһ·϶᲻÷
ĻղŽ̸ʱһһЦ
ܿʰ񣬼̶ֵʵȥˣôŪһ
ԣûط˷̶ۣε˵磬ǱɻģǱ͵ģϳȥȻȥɻ㱻ŵæߡ
ԭأЩɻʵ
٣һãС׵ˣܼرչ㣬Ϣ죬ȵʱٰĹĽ˵
꣬ľжǶһݸм


8 Ī
Ȼͬ˵ǰ㣬ʱ䣬ܼҲûҲֵڣÿ첻˯ǳԷżҲСˣ
Ů飬ֻܿϼۣӣᱶġ
ûԼںδİֻǶݵģΪԺӣһ˵ʱҲ޼ɹЩ
ϳջ֮㽫һ书ؼ˸εĵط
֪Щ书ؼļֵôһ·ˣһ˷ֻ֣»ɱ֮
ΪԼСİȫȻǵʮꡣ
ʱⱾɾֻսŴġ
Ҳ֪Ƿ᲻רУһ·ݷץ˵ʲôֻһʱỹ޷ͨ
˵ѾϲѶˣһʼ֤ǰŬûа׷ѡ
ٹãˡ
ҹæһص᲻ɫĽɾ
ܣܼദȴûõԽԼҪܸ
ү㵹Ǻаۻæһ죬ڻûԡһݣ㿴뿿ڴϣеĿ飬̲ס˵
СӣĽңղŹܼѾҹˣȥˡЦ˵
һ˵ôᰲŵǵط¿۵ġ
ᵹǲ֪Щգ飬ϣܹڳ¡
룬ʱҪʱҲͬڵһ
ֻǣῴԼǰһʦȻõѡҲԽ˽ĳʦ˵ģѧʹЩ⿹ߣٽԼḻľ飬ʱȻܹڵľ
ɲԸһӴԸһݵͼū͡
ʱԣ˵㲻֪˵ϹܼʮƢЩ꣬ͻͷˣһȥպֻҪԲٿͷ
İɣֻҪʵ£زʲôġں˵
˵ϹܼһǴȹܼңλᡣ
ں̬ȣʱЩżĸ첲˵㲻ǺʹС㴦ĲСĵˣҪҪȥ飬㰲ŵط
ʵʶҲʱ䣬ʱΪ飬ȴһżģҲЩж
룬漴˵㲻ҪСģȥҴС㣬˷޳
ԣʱ۾Щ˼ؿᡣ
ļ漴˵ʵһֱи룬ҪһԼľ¥˶޲ڵʳΪ룬Եͷʲô
Ļ̾˵ðɣȻִˣҲͲȰˣ㻹Сĵ㣬ٲ˰ӡ
ЦЦĹķУ漴תƻ˵ˣ˵ɣ
ңʲô˵ġ˵
ҸղŶҵ룬Ҳ˵ŹƽῪЦ˵ѵ˵ûģ
ôܣҵɱˣûϢмؿᣬ˵
㵹˵˵Ҿ
üë΢΢һ̶˵ⱲԸϣܹΪ½һĶʦʱҾȡͷλãΪԸĶʦ
ԣ̲סЦ˳죬ȻеĲͷԸؽƸĶʦ
ֻǣ˵ʵȤҲ̲סЦʲôʱµһĶʦԸһ˼ˣϣҹԸҲá
ԣɫǺ죬ڰ˰죬Ҳɡ
˾Цһӣ˯ȥֻڴϵᣬɻŸղĪĸоҲ֪˶ãŽ˯ȥ
գһͬ뿪ģֻҪĵطȴǲһȻȥҶ췿ȥ
ָ㣬ת˴죬ټԸУѵҵ˳ڡ
һ̤ڳСԺ洫ҵʱʱһζƮָоݷֻصǰʦʱ
˿Ὣһ˼ĵ漴̤˽ȥ
ֻǣĽŲſ벽һԾʹһĺȳ
һˣûʲô
ᱻͻһĲЩûվȡ
ЩãػͷһԼ֪ʲôʱվһӣһܼҴװһ漴̽ԵʵϹܼң
Ϲܼϸᣬ漴˵㻹ûشҵ⣡
õȷϣҲǰֹϹܼҵɤŻʵĲûп
룬滹ʵػشǰЩ챻нˣҽᡣ
Ǹ֮󱻴С᣿ϹܼһȻ˵
ԣͷɿЦϹܼƺʮֿҲûҪȥ档
ʱϹܼ漴˵ܼҸˣΪ㵽ڲų֣
Щƣ漴˼˵ҵһʶ·;¡
˭֪û˵꣬ϹܼұִϵʲôɣٵʵǵһķϣҲط㣬ȥԺһѲˣ֮ǰû꣬ͲóԷˡ
˵ţϹָָܼԺĽ䴦
˳Ϲָܼķȥ۾ϴ
һСɽߵľģа࣬ôһѣȲ˵ܲǰֻ֮꣬ҲҪѵ
ģϹܼ΢΢Ц漴˵ˣˣϿȥɻסǰû겻ԷҪҷ͵ԣƵģ
˵꣬ϹܼҲᣬֱ˽ȥ
Ϲܼ뿪вɽϹܼ˸飬Ҳ֪˿Լû÷Ȼ޷ֻʵʵĽˡ
ⲽǶСɽƵľǰǰǰѾЩ˵ĸͷ᲻쳤̾
֪ͺúõ޼ɹٹÿʳнο˵ŮźţҲùԸеһˣʹúá
ֻǣҲ룬ҪȥǲɵģϾСҪ


9 СѲ
ῴǰľѷ֮ʱͻȻһԴĺȳ
ιʲôأʵʵɻ
ȥǸͺԼ£·Сˡ
ֻǣС˵ԴЩֻı顣
αԭڳ𣬸ղϹܼҽȥ֮󣬱˹ˣֹ͵
ƽαЩóϹܼᣬеαȻʮ⡣
αΪ˱Ƚϼ̱ñ˱ãԳ֮󣬿ɵ㶵վϹܼҵָֻŵغȳš
αĺȳ⣬вϲҲܲµϹܼģҲ
ǣƵؼڵϵĸͷ
ò˵⸫ͷҲйģڵ岻ǰ
ǰᣬֻ¹Ѹͷӣֱ۾Ҫˡ
˿ᵹûעЩһɢľ飬̶Ӷеľ޸͵سǰľȥ
꣡
һ죬ľӦѣȴѳﻹá
ʱвɻľҲ̫ˣû϶ôˣ
ľгô֪Щľϵľ˾Ȼ˲֪أȻһҪϹܼңٺαὫľŪ飬ȳš
߲ϴ˵ĲӬüͷ΢Ҳȥᡣ
Щŵᣬ̶ǼһõľģƵȥһľ
һ˺üΣ᲻Щơ
˿̣ⲻ֪ԼжôǿȻûȫ£Ҳһġ
ȻֻһȭܽһСɽƵľ
α󣬿ͷ࣬ľ񶼲вɴֻа˼ŪľһᶨҪϹܼҡ
ֻǣαȴҲЩǿϵȵľþȫܹﵽһһüɾЩˡ
αɾûǸ¡
αԴҲû룬ЦСֹȻǸʲôˣΪʹУҵҪжһѲ񡣡
ûȥαǵС˼ȥẕ̇
ǰξ֮Ҳѧˣֻ˸ղŰֵɹһ顣
˳ɹĿʼȻʮָˣҲȥһԵαԹԵ
һԵαаЦҲϹܼҷȻԴᳵ·ǰЩԾֱ˿ڲŷ֣ǰᾹȻͷá
÷ֻò˶ֱ۾ͻޱȡ
αȻ֪ȷַɱֻ̬ȵǲȥᣬʮֵüˡ
˵ʹĿԴ
ټԺϴһ
ż·ˣǺسǽ˼ۣаĸֱϹܼҳͷˡ
ֻϹܼҵЩ˸սģԾܺ棬Щ˻Ǹøȥʡ
ˣһʮĵظŻеĶͬʱһŵȻ˵ζһֻ᲻ԾһһЦ
ᵹҲûж
ĹһСɽƵľѣѾɹһ룬ʣµһ룬ܹǰɡ
˵ҲЩ죬˴ʱ䣬վЩ֮⣬ûиоκƣͣһκûС
ҪǷǰ붼ġ
Ȼ죬Խ鶼ˣҲͲȥ˼ȨȻ顣
ûоʲôͬҲˡ
٣һֱලα󣬴˿ȴǷһ𾪡
ʵڲǰ顣
룬˿Ӧ۵ſڵԼ
α׼һ˵ǣ͵ԼȻԼһʹ
ǣǰƺѾȫαԤ롣
ҵȣ˴ʱ䣬ȵѾЩ˯ˣȷʵû¶ƣ̬
˿̵ݷһ̨֪ƣĻһһţƺҲδ㡣
һ֣α°Ͳ
δܹ㣬ֻ¾Ǿڷḻ⣬ʱܻᴭϼ¼κ
ûУαҲûֻûСĹ򣬾Ѿ۵òС
ǻʹɾ·һ
Ҫֻ˼ֱۿ϶ϵ
α֪⸱ʵʵǿߵ壬ǿһȭܿɽѵأȴ񣬾ûԾǴСá
𾪹𾪣α˿ȴ˼ת
ñ˺ãһİʱϹܼҷԸ飬ѱᱻϹܼʶ
αԸģԣ˼ŶԲߣܸ鷳ܹʱ
˿ȻѾһԻиαǴӵϼһľ飬һеĸͷХȥ
ǵٿ飡Ĭš
飬ῴһֻʣ²ԭķһľѣ΢΢˿дΪˡ
ԭеĻ򵥣Ϊʲôһû뵽أ֮ǰ֮ҹ龰аԺš
ڣɫת֮ʱеĸͷس˿
˿ɫʱûвѾˣһˡ
ʱһԵα˿ǲʱ˵ؿˣôҪ͵СȥϹܼң
żëαдΪϲ˿ûͷûԵ˵ⷬвЦ
̶˵ȥȥôķϻ
ɲʲôƲ磬ȻǰαҲԼһǸˣкξ֮
αŵ̬ȣһ㶣̶ŭЦ˵㻹治֪
˵ţα̧ȳȥֻǣʱһԣոĽŲȴͣ
Щ˼ؿһڷźõľͿһȭͷˡ
⡭
αЩӦȻǰѾʮû뵽ᾹȻ֮ǰˡ
ʱαղ˵Ҫȥ״飬ڼϴ˿һЦЦı鿴ԼαɫЩ
Ტα˵ǵ˵ôȥˣȻ㲻ߣԼȥϹܼ˵ȥ
˵ţ㾶ֱųȥҲȥα˿̵ı顣


10 
һĻҵϹܼҡ
Ϲܼҿˣһ̶ЩƵ˵ôˣҲ㽫ЩľĶѶѵ͵ɣ
ỹû˵㱻ϹܼһͬͷʣҲЩŭʱҲǱЩӲ˵Ϲܼ⣬͵ֻ㣬ЩľѶˡ
ˣȻϹܼҲЩ㵣ûע⵽
㵱ϺͿˣôһѲôˣϹܼҾǰС͵ֻ͵ĽҲ̫˵㣬ʱüΪ˵
ϹܼҵĻжʱЩŭ֪һܹģȻ֮ǰɡ
ⲻǴĲ
ǰ᱾ͶʳżǰЩӹǱˣڵǰѳԿʮ֮ء
ϹܼҾȻĲԣܹ
Ϲܼһţ᲻ɳ˵Ҫǲţȥ濴֪ˣ
Ȼ᲻׵ˣ˼ҰҪӣǾǿԸʹԸͷ
˵˿һ֣ΪԼСͷϹܼҳҲǸССĹܼҶѣʲôµġ
޼ɹ֪һССĹܼҾ˶ԴǵٹֻټԸᱻ޼ɹŭƽ
ϧ˿޼ɹ֪ϹܼҼ̬Ӳ̶˵ҵȻҪҷƭңһұԱӣ
ʱαҲǴ˽
ϹܼҼα󣬲ɽ˹̶˵αҲȥôڲŻ
Ϲܼαʶӣ˵ҲǱڰЩ˵Ǹҡȷʵһֱ濴š
α⸱ģϹܼЩ͵ػִϵȻ˵һֱڣңĲˣ
αвԸ˿ȻҲ޷ʵʵػشǡˣ
ʲô˵µģǲԱӡϹܼ˵
αҧҧ漴˵һʼ᲻˺üľȻҼʱֹȷ񷽷ô졭
αĻû˵Ȼ֪˼޷˵񣬶ȻôãȻӦ£ûġ
ЦαʵᣬȻʱŸʹСӡ
£˵һʼ˼飬ɶû
αҲûн̹ȷʽ⻹;һʰʱƲԣĽġ
ҲΪ᷽ܹ˿ʣµĻ
ֻʱαȴǶһԵ˯֪顣
ϹܼαĻɶ˵һ漴ȳȥ
ϹܼȻֻαһ֮ʣ֪ͬһѲûʱ޷꣬˿ȻαĻ
гȻʲôҲǸϹܼһͬ뿪
ϹܼһѾãľǰȻҲ¶һĨ֮ɫ
漴ϸһָα˵ĺӦ
⡭ģ
ϹܼҵģаˬȻ
㲻һİɣϹܼЩŵʵ
ԣϲ¶õɫ̶û˵ҲԸ죬ʶʲôˣΨһȽľǴС㣬ѲΪСǧܹ֮һ񣿡
£ָָڵϵĸͷ˵˵ԺһѸͷ˰æûеڶѸͷѵɣ
Ϲܼұ⻰һǺɫɱüΪѿҲȷʵͬ˵һʱҲ޻
ǸղᵽʹСʶһʱϹܼҲǳĬ
ϹܼҲ˵ȻҲԸ໰漴˵ȻˣǲǿԻȥˣ
ȻˣǾͻȥɣǵ찴ʱٳٵɾͲǷô򵥵ˡϹܼһ˻̶ֱ֣صС
Ϲܼһ޴ŵģаˬѣ뿪˳
ǷΪղŵ̬ȶϹܼңᵹҲû⣬һĹܼңʲôģһܼܰôˡ
еػصѾ᲻Цʵôô磿
ԣҲЦ˵ͷ֪ʲô£Щǰ¡
£̶еʵôҲôһ»ϰǸϹܼûΪ㣿
ܵеĹģҲ˵ɣǸϹܼңΪˣֻûΪѳɣڹƵòС
ô£һɼʵ
̶㽫췢
֮üͷЩǵ˵ϹܼҹȻŵһֻֻ½ٲһѵ㡣
νʼ磬˵ҶûѾӶˣȻˣֺαظɫʲô£ֻܷҪСĵ㲻Ҳûޡ
ԣǵ˵ͷ͵˵ҲԣСĵΪʵڲоȥҴС˵˵
СӣֻǸˣôСϳ̲ס˷ۣε˵
˭֪ȴĽ˵ôһСͷܹ㣬֪ô£ΪʹСһȡ
˵˵⻰ҪôСˣ㲻ҲѲƤû˵
Ȼе˼ȻܹʵСģɺһϵûС
ǣԸֻм֪˵ģʱˣ֪˻Ϊ֮ʲôϵƵġ
ɲʲô¡
ʱķ飬Ҳûʲô£Ϊ˱Ҫϳȥġ
ɲԸģĿǰҪԼҵġ
˰죬˲ݲݳԹϢȥˡ


11 չСү
ʱ÷ɿ죬һתѾԸһˡ
һµʱÿ춼Ҫ£Ҳ֪ǷΪһϹܼ˳ͻΪЧʼߡ
֮һµʱ䣬ΨһҪ
ÿظͣ񣬶վ
ҲȥǲϹܼҹΪ֮ԴϴǸĵ˽ַ̻ڶɵٶȱһ컹Ҫࡣ
ڶһɡ
Ϲܼƺ۵㲻ݣǵ죬Ǳȴǰһһɡ
˷ֱ죬㷢ֲԾ
ѧˣÿһ춼ڼ֮ʱһľ顣
һ㷢Щľûмӵơ
ǣƽĹһ¡
ҲΪᾪ˵ٶȣʹԸȦ˵׳١
ܻ֪ÿɵĻҪɵģ컹ҪУֻһˣֻҪ
Ҳ᲻⵱£ʵЩΪƽҪ顣
Ҳľٶ̫ˣҲ˵飬Ϊ˻ܹѯᣬʮֺĿȫϸϸع۲˱顣
һٶʱЩЦá
һλŮ˴лЩˬѡ
գһĲҲǻص
ʱδ̶Ǳо
һϵоǰеһ˿ҲԽӵֻüεץסʱȴͻȻʧЩղѡ
ЩգѾ㹻˷ܲѡ
֪ԼŬȥʱգԽԽ
Ѿڻ룬гһնܳԽԭȵ
ԭݣʱǲˡ
£ǻʵǿߣȻܹİõԭٻ
ֻһϵСʦһЩٻǰҲûǸȥܡ
Ѿ£һºദҲǽ˽⵽Ԫ½һЩʶ
֪Ԫ½ϣЩ֮⣬ƽҪϰֻܻǮϰ
ﶼרŵָڡ
ҲзֵȼԽǸ߼ݣʵȻԽߡ
Ҫ֪ѧϰһֵʦν°빦
߼ɵķҲѰ˵ܹóġ
һЩݣǮҲһܹ룬Щյֻʡ
˵ˣЩʵһЩģĿȻɸѡϳɵĵӡ
޼ɹͽǼȿ𣬼ĵӴ󲿷ֶǴСʼ˵޼ɹͽġ
ȻЩĿǰ˵ʵңɼ˿̾óһǮ֮ͼݣֻò˵ˡ
˵ԼСӣҲΨһĵܵܣƺǰѾ뺣֮ݣʼ
ԼСӣҲйһ֮ԵӡУСӵģʮǸԲԲСӣֱһһ¡
ȷţ޷ϵһ
ᣬ˵СӳԺö̰֮⣬ƺһἫΪƵĹͨ㡣
Ǳ̰ԡ
ЩڳɻҲǴˣÿСӶԸȥָʳ
һϢȻ£⽫һᣬֻҪܹСӿģܴ׳һЩĶ
ҲΪһ뷨ÿǸƴĸɻȥϹܼǷѣֻܹڲѧϰ⿡
һܹ⿷ڼǰľ飬̰ԵСӻֵסʳջ
ֻҪܹԼʱƾԽߵݣº岻һСƨš
һµദ֮ĹϵҲǴļá
֣ᷢȻƽЩ࣬ЩţĵȴʮӣҲĶԴ
ü⵽ϹܼҵĵѣҪȥϹܼۡ
Ҫ֪ϹܼȻֻһܼңǰžԵĻȨ
ΪǸԸֹȻȰסỹʮָжͬｫѡ
֮仹һͬǱ
ֻǣֻǵĸȤϣܹ༸ֱı¡
ʮģΪ˱סСǸٶĿ࣬Ը⡣
һеġɾЩ͵Դǡôʱ⴫һ΢ĽŲ
漴ɿؽɾʱűˡ
ԭΪˣһȻߵѾ
ԴһΣǰ𷣣֮һҲͼ档
Ȼÿһμ棬ûиɫ
Ҳ˵ƺϹܼ֮ԶݵĹϵֱһ̣᷽ϹܼΪλ˵
Դûж˵ʲô
ǰֻһССĳʦɫɫҲ٣Щѧ̡
Ȼһζ̲ΪԺ󳹵ѹԷ
ЩӣоԼԽĽӽֻҪȵʱҪЩ˳׺ڵΪ
˵ףȻʮֻҪлᣬ˺ˣ򲻻׷Źġ
˿̼˽Ȼвãϵıȴû̫ı仯ʵʲô𣿡
⸱̬ȣʵһ뵽С㽻飬ҧŬԼŭ䵭˵ССż벻취ȥʲô취
СˣԲһ
һµʱ䣬СദüãÿһζСһѺóԵĶһµʱ䣬оСǰҪһȦ
ҲΪǿʳƣСƺҲϳ˸гԲʳںСﳣԸƨƨߵܵȥ
Ϊ£ûٰСû̱ľٶȱġ
Сһﻹģʱ˳һʳҲ̰ԵĿ
ʱ˵СﲡˣвһҲ˲ú˵±ŶĹ뷿ȥ
ܿ죬ѾĹ뷿ſڡ
еСŷڣûݣ±Ŷ롣


12 ֻ
һνĹ뷿ڵŵĲã뵽Ը
˿Ȼû˼ȥһλŮĹ뷿
ݣ㿴ڴߣСΪǶ΢Щ졣
ǵС˿ԭĹ봲֮ϡ
֮Ҳ֣ûͻȻçײ֮١
һᣬ㼱վָǲɷ˵סĸ첲һ˵СôˣǲǳˣҪҪ
СǼеģҲ˵ǾֱǰͷС
Сһ˿һֻ΢ĺ֤š
⸱ӿ˯ĺģ룬Ц˵С㣬Сﲻ˯ûгʲô飬Ҫġ
ͬʱҲǰֹ˴С֣ղŰ׵һ
Ϊ˵ôû£ƽСһ˯ÿ֮СһﶼһɽСﻹڳ˯һʼҲΪ⣬ҷֲԣôжС
ǺǣС㲻õģ޺˿ɲͬСȻûʲôÿһʱ䶼᳤˯һΣȵ϶ѹġԴСϰʮ˽⣬Ǳο˵
ûעǣʱ˯СϾǷһϸ΢Ĺâֻâһţûע⵽ѡ
ԭˣԣµؿڡ
ҲΪڷԵʣ˿ϴ·ʮᱡϸղЩ鵽ؿڴһĨѩס
ڴ˿ûע⵽ЩС֮󣬱ҡҷ˵һԵ֮ϡ
˿̷Ҳ˼ӡ
ò˵ȷʵʮݻҾһӦȫֻǺ޼ɹĳȣǰЩҪԵúࡣ
µϤ˿Ȼֻ֪¾͵ֻǵ˯ź񴲣ֵùԸļҵˡ
Ǻ񴲿ϵϵѾ˼Ӿȡĺƶɣ⺮Īĺô
˵нʱյĳɾͣһֶҪ鹦Ǻ񴲡
ĿӰƶʱҲǿϰڷŵƷ
ϰڷŵһֻ̲סһ
ѾˣҲһ˽⡣
ȻԪ½ԺϺ͹ŴйʮƣдֵĹҲͬŴйһʹëʡ
ëʺȻͬ
Ԫ½ϵëõĲϣձһֶ޵ϵë
ȻиΪ߼ëǲϾ
Ͼëʾеָкд֣ԶԶҪͨëдУҪʹϾʣ׵Ľߵ뷨ﵽƷ֮С
Ͼʼ۸񰺹ѰոҲֻһЩǮƵŷʸӵС
ԼΪ֮ĴȻҲӵһϾʡ
ϵϾʣСǽϾ档
ͷʱȴᶢԼϵϾƣ΢΢һЦ˵ϵϾ𣿡
ԣǻعĻвЩЦá
ûȥеϾʣǶ˵Ҳӵһֻ֧ϾʣʵԶԶǸ
СĵģҲǰЦѡ
Ҳû˵еϾʲûʲôеȵĵطеȵǷдݡ
ġ֣ȻĿ
ڿֵʱͻȻһɹŹֵͷ
еĵһӦдıԼ
Ҳ֪Ϊλͷֻǵ֮󣬱㲻ˡ
ʵҲΪϾԵʡ
ʱҲǷĿⲢԼϣԼԵǸϣЩʵҲֻ𣿡
ﶮʲôֻȻὫеĹֹ뷨ҡҡͷ˵Ȼʶ֣ЩǺֻܶʮƯ̲ס˼ۡ
ĿޣҲʮָˣǷһĨЦݣ漴Ȥ̲סʵȻƯ˵˵Ưģ
ЩȻ⣬вЩЦڵݲһ˶ѣѵ֪
룬һѳڴǲܾ̾ϸζŸղеΡ
ڱ˵ȻҲǺܶЩҲ֪һƷĵ뷨ӦǸӱ濴ȥִ͸¶ͬʱмֲһζƺлŲӦеĳζ
£ᷢԼ벻Ļ˵ҲǺ˵ģСɲҪ档
Ļʱһ̶ɫЩȻ
ߵǸֻǰԼƷ֮󣬷̾˵벻㲻һˣֵܿˡ
ԣвһ㶣ղǺ˵ģû뵽ײȻ˵ˣвЩЦԷǡ
ɲЦΪ˿̣Ѿٴο˵֪ʲôˣ
ԣղǹɹŹֵͷٶȸ֣ϻǻش֪
Ǻǣҵˣ㲻Ǹͨˣô֪ءͻȻЦ˵
жʱЩƣ漴ЩʵСܷңʲôˣѵСδ򣿡


13 ر
ڸһ£ȻʶˣһϲĴƨԶڸеһЩС˶ʮ
ڴǰҲǴ֪ԭǰѾһδ˵Ǻ֮һľҵļ̳ˡ
ҲΪˣ˿̷Żһ˵
˭֪ĻȴһĬƬ֮󷽲˵δҲ˵Ǹѧ֮ܣʮ֮һֻҪǧ֮һôұѾˡ
£ƺŷӦԼһǰ˵ԼδĲǣƺ̫ãĶϵδǳų⣬˵ղŵĻɲҪȥ˵Сļҷź򡣡
ͻȻвɷ˷ۣⲻԼ˵ģڵҳȥ˵Ů˵˼ǹޱȡ
ƵǣѾͷ˵ʱôˮΪʲôԼϾ񺮱һ
̲סԼ˵ǸֻҲ֪⻰˵ȥǲţָỻһȳ⡣
Щƣϻǻش᲻ᣬСġ
ԣɵ˵ͷ̶˵Ҳ֪Ϊʲô˵Щ£ֻʶһҵĸоǸˣǸѡ
£ЩƵ˵ʵ㲻ףݣܶ鶼Լģܹ˵ϻѣ֮١
ȻԪ½ϵŮ˵λΪ£ܶ鶼ԼģԴ˿Ҳ̲סͬǰϸ壬㵭ŵŮ
룬Ҳǿ˵С㲻ҲɰҵһʲôҪæľܷԸ
Щؿһۣ漴Ц㻹治Լ˿
Լµȷʵʺ˵ЩЩεЦЦ
˭֪˵ܺΪѵǼ飬ղŵ͵֮ܣɲҪ߱ˡ
˵ţƤգգÿĴ۾
ǰС˵ʮֶ࣬Ȼܶݴ඼ǺȴҲһַӦʵԺС˼ҲǴܹ˽һЩԷŻиղǷ
һشȴҲǡǡ֤һ㡣
Ͼô˵ҲŮһԸ˼֮зˣܹùϵỹʮֿĵġ
ȴǴδƤһ棬һʱ侹ǲɵش˴
ָ÷ǳ죬ûףỹǼæתƻ˵С㣬ҪҽɣʲôܹС˵ĳݡ
ԣȻעɹתƵϣʱޱᣬлһ˿˿ĳ֮ζ
ʵҲͺһֻֻǸССļͣȴǶŶ½𵴵ĸӢۣνһһ¡
ƺ˵ʱһӱøäĿݵСŮһҲĸܣһ˵һͨĹ¼иǽ̲ģֱ˵һĴͺ޲Ҹطȥ
˿ųݵǸȴԽĹ졣
ȻЩףǰѾͷ˵ôһͨ˵Լ
ᣬ¶ǰλԭ˵ĴС㲻ϵԼԼȽϡ
ֹĸоʵʮƣеЩЦá
ỹǵóһۣԭоȻôԼƺֻǵô򵥡
ȻȻףݵԭԼڵѾͷٲȻѾһһǴˡ
ʱ˵֮ƺŷԼЩʧ̬ϣ΢΢һ˿ɫ漴Щ˼תƻ⣬˵˵ô֪࣬˰ɣ
ЩεЦЦаҺֹ֪˵ھǸֻ֪鶼㻹ࡣ
Ҫ֪гޱȵĴӢۣ˿ȴվǰ˵һǴҲ֪ѾͷǸʲôӦЩš
Ȼỹɵ⻰˵˵ˣֻҲš
֪޼ɹٹ˫֮һȻԸһˡ
⻰˵˭ֻ¶ᵱЦȷʵһʵ
ỹǸ͵ػشСô˵оƺǸ
˭֪ȴǲطƺȷʵǺֻ֮дһһ
Ƴ籸ԽŹ֣ЩƵֻǫһ¶ѣѵһ˵ԼǸӢۣ
ҲûȥǺλСһᣬԾظ뿪ˡ
֪ٲ뿪ָѾ˵ʲôеεĻ
뿪ʱС˯ʮְȣûзԼ
ɫļһѾϰˣҲû⡣


14 
صԼлŸղǸޱȾģо̲סЩ
漴ƺûеݵⲻԼԼĴ
뵽⣬ҲǸеЩЦ
֮һɵЦӣɴȤصôǲ·ĸѾ߶Ľ֮飬˸ˡ
µ׼ȷʵ˶ҳޱȣȴѾߣǴС㡣ЦŻش
ԣ̲ס˷ۣ˵濴˻ᴵţСҲῴ㣬±Ӷܡ
Ҳûĳ룬漴ʵˣ֪𣿡
ͻЩĪ漴Ӧ̶˵˵˫Ǹ
˵ͷʵҲ֪
٣ⲻǷϻ˭ãԸ˶֪СΪݵıˡһ׳յӿ˵
ԣǺ棬ʵҲ֪С
ֲʲôܣԸܾ㲻֪ɣ
С㲻δˣҪǴδǣɻص
΢˵Ͳ֪˰ɣСδһǰ£СѾкЩˡ֮ǣһ֮֮ҲǷ²ŮķģС㵱ҲǸʮŮӢʲôֵġ
ʲô֮٣᲻ʵ
Щ飬Ȼ֮ǰҲû߹ҲЩ档
Ҳ£ϴһݵɫ˵㲻֪ʱһ֮ǣΪҵʱڳеĴˡ
˵Ƕ˿ǿߣں֮ҲǸ񹲷֮£һ֮ǣֻһĹ򣬱ҳǶ˲ĵطнڽ£űƮȥεȵ
꣬ϸ룬ƺԴЩӡǵ߹Լɽ֮ʱնɱӯǿߣһˡ
ͻȻ˵ָ߸ϵĴ˵ûãʵʵĵǵ˾ͺáЩɻʵ
ɹЩҵ飬̶뵽µԼҲǿЦѡ
Ȼͬһ壬ȴǽȻ෴
˼ˣ᲻˵ôôû־ָԺҲһΪ߸ϵĴأ
ԣɴЦƬ֮󷽲˵ˣҲʲôݣʲôݡ
£˵ҵˣ˼ҽᣬֵߵһµһֻ֮ĲȴҲر𡣡
ԣɿЦȷʵͬ˵ǰ㣬ԭȵ޼ɹٹȴԸһˣӦǰһ仰
˺֮Ĳ࣬զôأ
˿ȴصشյԣ˵ǰЩҿɲ˵ģ㲻ѧѾ뵽һ취ܹĽӴ
ʲô취˵棬Ц˼Щеʵ
ӣصЦЦ˵»޷ʩУʱһ㡣
˵꣬ᾶֱصԼĳϢʣ͸¶ڷ硣
еСӳЦңҲ㡣
ʲʲôҲֻôƵ齥˯˹ȥ
ӣÿظſĹ
Ѿˣǻˮ
һµĲԸʱѾҪľ
û취˭ٶ֮죬ɵ飬һܽԸпľˡ
ûζϹܼұ
ⲻͰˮȥ
飬Ҳ֪Ϲܼҹѻǿȷʵһ˴
ԭҪˮȴֻһ˶ɡ
Դ˲ûʲôо˿һһͰ˸ߵľͰͥسȥ
ĵʮˡ
ǰ붼飬ǰ˵һͰˣһͰˮˣ͵ſ²ɡ
ɴ˿̣Ͱˮӻأȴݷˮһɡ
Ҳо⣬ֻȴûо𰸡
һ׳٣ٴ𾪲ѡ
Ȼˮ
ƺԸʱǴ̫𺳡
֮ԸˣûһʶᣬżỹᷢԼˮʱ·ܻ˶ָָ㡣
ǳоԼһֻһΧۡ
ԴˣҲʮơ
ı֣Ҳţ˵ˣҲʮֺ棬Լ˵ҪԼΪѣܻ̲סһĨǳЦ
һգЩĪĹ뷿⣬̲סЩֹ
ǰճ׼ˮҵ㱻Ϲܼҽеһԣ˵ҪϹܼҷһ١
ҪԼᲢʲô⣬ƽҲԼ඼ΪСĹϵ
ɽȻϹܼ⵹Щˡ
ܹϢһҲǲϾÿظ飬ȷʵҲЩġ
˼ܿҵ
ᵽҲһЦ漴˵ҿ˵׳٣벻㿴ЩȻô󣬽ҪЩ飬Ϲܼҽæ
æСҪҰʲôæһɲࡣЩɵ۵˵
Ц̶͵İɣǶ£㲻һ㸺ᶫԣܻɣ
ԭǽԼѿģΪлúϢأаֹš
һæԪ½ҲͶһˡ
ܹһŮԣǰЩҲùһֱˮ
ǣ漴ӦеȻû⡣
ԣһЦűһͬ뿪Ը
ȻеĻһͣԼѾ


15 
뿪Ը֮һ·
ûʱʱͶıĺ׺ݵĿ⣬ǺһԵһʱʱĵ䡣
ͽСģԼ˵ԸĹܼಮݹϵΪģԴҶСġ
СĿУҲǵ֪ˣԭĵ֮ǵĸۿڰ顣
ԭԼҼƽ𣬵ƽպಮһͬ޷ԼŮ
ˣһֻɰСһеڴϡ
ҲֵУԲϵΣ·Ľ־
ȻǰЩӸյ֮ʱҲǾǸʱҵܹӵĻɣûжЩ
õΧһ֮ʱǰԶȴǴһҵĳ
ûᷴӦʲôʱǰѾ첽ǱȥˣҲֻæϡ
ֱʱ᷽ŷ֣ԭǰƺ顣
ǰĽֵ룬Ӱţȷе˵Ӧһ˱ͷڵϣһȥҲͶʮģȻǶ񶾵š
ʱ᷽ŷڵϵһڵߣ˿ڵϣѾûʲôϢֻҪһʱ͵巽Ŷ£֤š
Ҳû뵽컯֮£Ȼ˰ԵĶС
߲òҲַ֪ؤڿ꣬ϵ·ʻզ֮¶ĸҳӵܡ
벻ЩӵܾȻ˿ɶһֵĽлӶŹᰵš
ܿͷֲԣ˵з飬ΧӦΧŲٹڲŶԣῴһȦΧߵǷֲ٣ЩƺǼʲôµĶһüԶֻż󵨵˶ָָ㡣
ףǰֻ²򵥡
ͬʱ֪Ϊܾǰ˲ͨˣɢϢԼһ˿в
˿̼һ߿Ҫǰȥֹ룬漴첽ǰ˵С㣬˿ȥЩΣա
˭֪Ựû˵꣬һԵޱȱĵ˵ʲôΣգҿŶԣҲСʲôˣں֮ڶ˶ҪԼһӣǸС㶪ˡ
һͷѵ⣬ᰵŭѣ˿ڴϣҲȥѾߡ
˵ʱǣǾֱߵǰһŭݵغȳصס֣ٴȥ˼ҾҪûˡ
˺ֹϵĶҲͣ漴ƫͷһ˫ӥĿؿźֹһâ
֪ΪΣڱӣͷ͵һ̶һףӲ
һԵἰʱסű
겻мؿһ̶ۣ˵Ҫ£
أȴһ֮ԼΧ˶֮ƽըһ㡣
ոջָЩɫһηףҲ͸¶һ𾪵ɫ
һԵᣬûʲôһΪλˣԼйء
Լں֮Ȼûʲô̫ȨƣǺͳһЩҽǽãҲǼٴ档
ˣȻЩǰƣأ򶨵˵ʲô£ѵû߳𣿡
˿̿Ǻ޲ֶס죬Ѿͷĵؾ̫ǷҲҪˡ
ǰ겢ǣǴһһɢƣöҲ֪ߣʵӦò
ˣСĶͨˣȻ˵Ҳ˿ղǸģҲ֪˼ҵĶ֡
ᣬȻһǿߵ壬ϧǰҲͨһ
һ˵ŭЦ̶ǰһ
һʮᣬ̤ڵ֮ʱĽƣʱһǿ˲䳯˼
˽ܲס˳ȥ
ᣬȻͬˣȴǰǱ
׷ʲôµʱ̶һ̤˹ʱС类ʲôһҡȥɫһƬ԰ף͸Ȼ֮ɫ
˿̵иղŽѵʱǰģ
Ϊķ֣Ա˵³ģȴҲǱ
һУмƲ֪
˿пν彻ӣȴû뵽ǰ꾹ȻֻƾƱ㽫˱ˡ
Ǻεʵ
еɻܿ͵õ˴𰸡
ԶԶΧ۵ȺУȻҲǿղŵĶټĺ֮ڲȱߡ
ЩۼڿĶ֮󣬾̲סȻǿߣ찡ҾȻһߣ
һȺʱɧޱȡ
ߣͨУѾǾǿĴˣټĺ֮ڣ䲻˵ûߣЩƽҲԼġ
ʱէһһߣȺʱͬը˹һ
ȺеľȻҲǴǰ꾹Ȼߡ
һ˲䣬ǱǰûѪɫ
Ǹɴڵϣþò˿ӣֻѱŵòᡣ
ҲЩĪľԼǺ㶼һߡ
ʲôᲢ̫˽⣬ǴǰۼԼŮһƱ㽫һ˸ߵľʯĵ÷顣
Ҫ֪Ҳǽ߶ѡ
ˣ᲻ǰʵ
ʱЦؿǰˣ˵֪ˣϧǼȻ£ôҲһʰˡ
ޱȻĻǽҧŷ׵촽û˵
Ȼĵɵӣߵǿ󣬲ǣԼҼֻҲߵĶ֡
һ̣Ѿ֮⣬ֻǣǰƺûдʹ˷Źǡ
ʱسÿһһݺݵС
԰׵Сһ˿ϧ
ֻǣ˿ȴûκȥֹһУӲͣ˼Բߣϧȴ벻κΰ취
ͻȻ䣬вɰ̾˿ԼǸöãԼӵʵôǰһš
һʱ䣬ĶӵĿ
ʱȺȴǴһ졣
λѣɷһӣ̧֣


16 ·ת
׼ӽŲʱ̶ͣ˫Ŀƫͷȥ
ʱȺвԾطֿһͨ
漴㿴ȺӰһһŮŮһ£ݽοˣϸ֮£ȴǷŮһ˫ǳüΪޡ
ŮӵҲϲʱ¶ƣȴǴ¶Ժա
Ůԣһӣһ򵥵Ļɫûʲô֮
ӵһһУ޲ˣǸ֡
ʱҲע⵽Χ۵ȺУ󲿷ֶȵһһŮ
ȻĿǼϡ
ڿӰ֮۾ͽȻһ̶
˵ߣһһŮֱԡ
ǳһԷ޵ŮߣЩϧ˵ô⣬һ鷳
ԣԻָһ˿Ѫɫ촽£ȴû˵
ŮȻҲʮ˽ӣ̲ס̾˿ε˵㰡ַͬˣȰ㲻Ҫ£µ飬һ˻ܹܵùɣڵã鷳˰ɣ
Ů˵һͨǼӣᶨ˵Ȼҵ󣬵ܰһһǽ鷳ˣҲıҵ뷨㲻ҪȰҡ
ʱȻ˵ⷬĵײɶԵ
û뵽Ůһ̣ȻܱһƷʵѵÿɹ
룬᲻ΪԼʱ򻹻ˣ˵һİ˵ôܱȵԼСҪ
ȻӵǷͣȻҲİһѣϧµҲǸͨ˶ѣҲͱͨ˵һ㡣
ǽŮ֪شһ㣬ϲûжپ֮ɫһϧ˵˵㣬Ҷ⣬ôأ
˵ţһԵƵغһ壡
ٺԼֶŮǴȰЦЦ̶˵İɣｻ
꣬Ǹмؿٺһۡ
ԣЩĿĶһۣӸղһܷĶЩ
վǰĿһߣĶ徹ȻţĪʵ֮ϣ
ʱԭڼٺ֮ʱѾϵ֮ɫֻûжپ£˵ûҲǽѵؤȻӶͷû뵽˸ߣѵ⺣֮߶У
ٺԴҲ⣬˵ҳﵽȷʵԼҲף㲢ҵĶ֡
£ٺɲ˵ԼҲ˵ˣǸؤѣǰ֮䷢ʲô£ؤѾ⸱ˣ¾͵ΪֹɣҲҸΣ
ԣٺһΪҲЩԾϻһЦ˵ӣʲôݣȻ̸ӣ
ٺţüͷҲǽס
̶Ҳת䣬˵ѣǰȰϣϢˣζ㣡һУҲֽѵһ
ٺĻһ䣬ٺͻȻһǿϢٺƵɢΧϵﾹ˲䱻÷顣
է֮£ҲǰԾٺȻҲǸ֡
⿴ٺɢƣԼã˵ʵƺǰ껹Ҫøǿ
ǰľȣ˿ޱȿġ
ٺʵԽߣ˵Խİȫ
뵽⣬᲻ɷǰĵ֮顣
һԵٺľٶɵؿһۣ˵㿴˰ɣһҶúýѵһ֪ߵغļһ
߼˵˼Ǳߵٺǿ˲䣬ɫ΢΢˱䡣
Щضٺ꼸ҧһһ³ڣСˡ
ٺģɵȻһЦ漴˵ǰһȰϧ㲢ȻˣҲֽѵѵ㣬ʲôˣ죡
˵ţٺǰ˼ĽӽҲǲ±ǿƣͼֵٺ
ǿҵײһ𣬰оǲϵرһ졣
⿴Уһ̺Խһͨ˺鿪
֮£
ǰǰܹ޼ɵٺǰȴ޷һݴݡ
ȻֻٺһƷһƷٺѹסһͷ
ʱֵԵΧȺڼ߼һս¶˷ܵɫ
ƽѵһĳ߲ǿģЩͨĿѾǾǿĴˡ
˷̲֮࣬סȥԶԶıܿˡ
ϾսֻҲЩֵܹġ
ѴȥȻҲɵһֱվţϽһͬ˺
꾡֪ٺʵҪǿһ֣ϲû¶־֮ɫƺﻹ̡
ʱٺ׼֮ʱߴһߡ
ߴɢϢ˲Ȼֹ
ƺղɢǿϢֻ˵Ļþһ㡣
һ֮ʱԭص϶ʱһĨϲɫ
෴ģԼ׼֮ʱȻƾһ߾Լлƾɢ
龰ٺЩ
һߴıһǵصѹǰԵǿѹֱӽٺ߰˲ͣ
ܻδˣһ˲䣬ٺɫѪɫʣг˺Ȼ֮ɫ


17 ҷ
ٺ˿Ŀνѡ
⺣֮ںʱȻǿĸ֡
⿴ǰһѹٺϾ߹һС
һ˲䣬ٺǿڲϷѪԼޱȾģǿ򶨵˵֪λǰڴˣǰе֮ǰ¡
ޱȵĹǫ˿ٺҲ˲жעĸǰһζҪϣǺԼСԡ
ͻȻı仯ҲЩ㵲ѡ
᲻ٺΪλ˾ٶղǵصѹȷȷʵʵܵˡ
ڽӴһѹ֮ʱͷҲ̲סһȴһԵһһʹວȻ֮ɫ
ֻԼڽӴһޱȵѹ֮ʱڶʱðһɿһȦǿֲѹ
᲻ô£ȻҲû̫һССˡ
ʵһֻ屾ߡ
ûм̳ļ䣬ȴ̳壬
ڸܵһֲѹ֮ڵԾļӿתѹ
ȻҲֻˣĺ˶ֻ֣߶ܽſ¡
Լı仯ʱԶ߷ɿӹһӰ
ǿϢ֮޲ȺиǷһҺ
һ˲һѾǰ
ڿ֣߳ٺͷһĪĿ־ףղһǿֿϢǰߡ
֮߳ɫһƬȻ̶˵˸µӣ
һԵڼ֮߳¶һϲɫޱȹǫ˵
˻̶֣˵ֻ֪ǣ˵һȥ
걻һȳ⣬ϲ¶㲻֮ɫһ˸漴ߵߵ
û뵽߾ĺȳһߣ߹̬ȣһԺȺԾѡ
ٺ˿̱粻Ѿûǰһݲȵӡ
Щѵ̿ˮ̶˫ֱȭ˵ٺ֪λǰγƺǰе֮뺣
ңǼԣϢ΢΢һ̶üͷ壬ʵ
ٺʶԼ磬ͷһϲ̶˵¼֣ǰϵü֣
ԣƳһٺ̶Į˵ղƺ˵Ҫѵµӣ𣿡
⡭ٺߵĮͷһʱ侹ǲ֪
ʱǻ˵Ȼ֮ˣҵķϣҲΪ㡣
ٺԣһϲֻǻûüл֮ʱ϶ʱͬػһ㣬˵ɶˤǰ
ۣ
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ʱߵĻٴƮƮش
ȻҲɱ㣬еĵӣҪ۵ģ֪кĿƬ½
ٺͷ󺧣ǰһ̣оԼѾԶֱ˿̷ߵĻ׶ԷûɱԼ
ϵˣٺشӵվ漴ضǿ˸񣬼̶Щ˻Ƶ˵лǰɱ֮
ˣ뿪ˡߵȻ˵
ݷǰ޸ϵһ㡣
ⲻ֪ǰһĻε𺳡
˿̣ڳ˽ǴҴһ
û˿γֽΪڵ˵ģŸ˾ߵĪ⣬ĳ̶ȣֻǰߵʵѾﵽ˵֮˰ɡ
ٺõ߿϶Ĵ𸴣ʱ⣬æ׼뿪
ʱǰԣߵ˵˼䡣
֮΢΢һۣ漴ͻȻڽеţ
ٺһͣɫЩӲؿߣЩǿЦǰкηԸ
ɨһۣ漴˵ǸҵѾͷߣû˵뿪
⡭ǰλԼǧԼҺҽãǰ㿴ٺЩΪѵ˵
ԣɿһۡ
ֻһۣʱٺݱ֮У̶Ļ˻ȥ
ҽҺθɣҷŹֻǿҵķϣٶ˵һ䣬һ߲ˣ
赭дػȴ˸еһɱ֮ζ
ٺԣɫٴα˱䣬΢΢£漴ҧ˵ߣ
ѱͻı仯ɵˣ˿ٺĻʱЩ͵˵Ƕ壬
ٺԣһŭ̶˵ǹܲˣҲܹܣѵΪһ˶ٵ𣿡
ԼҶŭ⣬Щǿҧ촽
˽ԼֶŮƢԵٺȻ⸱ģʲô˼
΢΢һ̶̾ĳ֣δӦ֮ʱٺ㽫˹ȥ
һֱŻԵٺЩؿһѪɫ̶ε̾˿ɿ뿪һգ۱ʧ˵֮С
ٺ뿪֮˵Ѿ˹ȵףҲš
ں֮ڵλͬСɣɾǰȴǲټҷ˵Լˡ
˿̣ап֪࣬Ǻá
ȿֲĴڣƺκΰ취޷еͨġ
ܣû뷨
Цٴٶٿ죬ҲǸͨˣܹܵùһٺ߶ĸ֡
ʱٴοڣѾûܾȵǣⲻֶǿ㣬Ըӻȥô֮±ʹգ
һԣɫһ䣬漴ҲǰóĿⶢԼﲻһƬŻ
ֻһ˲䣬б˾ҲöԷóѵġ
߼ԸģǵȻ˵˸㣬ϷֶǺεݣܹĸģɱϷ򲻽档
Գ֮ʱ˵ɫһ䡣
ҲĪľ
ڳֻΨһ˲֪ʲôط˰ɡ
ڼٺ뿪֮ԭոϣ˲
ԷȻţиǳ׾
ʼգȴǲԸΪԼĹһ
ʱһɵ˵ƺҲԼԵˣɴһ˿ϣ˵С㣬Ҫȥδүæɣ˵үҵǳ󣬶Һ͵۶Ҷ
ԲȻҡͷ˵ǸҷкãѵΪҶǲˣҷϵļܹǡ


18 
ûʶŮˣȻĴڣ˵ˣ۹ֻҲû˸š
˿̣ȴʮо֮ȴ裬ǲ̡
Ҳ֪ԼмＸǰ֮˿Ҷĸ֣Ķ֡
¾ԼҪĳȥδȵӽԷͻᱻ˺Ƭ
һʱ䣬ʮìܡ
ʱٴγԣ赭д˵ǵΣԼϣҲ϶˷ʱ䣬ٲֻöˡ
Ը⣬ôұãǧɱһԵô˵ҲǼæ˵
ԣؿ̶꣬˵һΣԺҿǷǣСʰ㣡
ԣæͷ֤ķģζһΡ
겻ֶԼµˡ
Ǳߵԣ̧ͷؿ¶һĨزЦ˵ҾҲӦġ
лޱԼСӦԷһ˾Ȼɫһǻ˵С㣬㡭Ӧǰɣ
һԵСԣһȻԴžֵı飬ɴȳ٣Ѿ߸
ԣҲǱСĵһҪ˵Щʲôȴһ仰˵ֻޱȽؿϣܸı⡣
Ȼ˵ⷬҲ֪ģǵ̾Һǡ
Ȼ˾ǿͬ⣬ͷǴŭʱһϢ˲㽫С
Ϊֶ飬û϶ٷˣǰԵϢǽѹô
Ƭ̣ԭ԰׵Ѿϸ
ῴⷬʹģдϧ
ޱȽʱԼȺд˽
Ҳ⸱屾ǿߣȻڵֻˣĸҪԶԶʤͨˣȻģӾͬˣҲΪ᷽ܹЩ˵̸
ʲôͷȻں֮ɱˣǰٺҵôҶҵ
Ͳ֪˰ɣȻں֮һǰȴʲôǡ
ΪΣ˵֮Ҳôһλ߰ɣ
ʲô˵޼ɹЩϵֻǸߣֻټ۹ڣҲû˸ǡ
޼ɹ˵Ǵ½ʥ֮һ޼ɹ
ﻹĸܹ˾¡

ĻѾûϸȥžȻ޼ɹ֮ϸ΢Ĺϵ֮ʱ΢΢һͻ̶һƺ˼ʲô
ʱǰԵѹѹ֮£ѾЩҡҡ׹ۿȥ޷֧ţȴʼվǿҧ촽һ
ۼⷬģд󼱣ϸ룬ǰһվغס֣
󺰣ҲЩ죬ǰٺǰǴҴһû뵽ǰʹӾȻҶ˵
عһĨŭɫӡһٶһǿߵϡ
һССļ;ȻϷ򡣡ɫ΢гŭ⡣
ޱɭȻػͷҲ͵һ
˿̣浣ɷ˵ֽɱǰôһҲΡ
о֮ȻǲóȻġ
ֻزҲֻӲͷƤˡ
˿̣νޱȽţ˿ʵѾƲסķֱ
᲻ͣţղǼ·̸۵ǧҪʵСҪˡ
˿ǿԼöԷ˹ȥ
ʱԻľٶһ㶣̶󾪣Ҫֹᣬκθղѹ֮£˿ȴ᲻ֻܲϵضʹɫ
ϧɫǿˣҲᡣ
ӲͷƤߵǰһҲ⣬ΪľٶҲʱϢ
ҪССļʹʲô
ǰüΪ˽һӣĸǲѡ
ɴཫĿ⳯죬۲Ϊ
Ҫ֪˿վǰĿһ߶Ҵŭĸְ
Ը⣬ֻһУͻǣȫʬ˵ƭ˵ġ
˿ѾǼϣò
˭֪⸱ģȴǰֹһССļҶȻ˰̬Լ
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֪ԼµֱӶԷģ뷨
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ССļʹʲôȴû뵽ͷԷһĪػʱЦ
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Ķ̲סһ滹װһĮӣøΪ䣬˵ߣ㵱治ϵң
飬Ҳһ˿Ź֣Ŀʶɨ˼ۡ
ͻȻЩ죬һʱȴ벻ҲΪո̧·˻ȥ
Ķͷһ̶ŵٴǰȥһͷöԷܹ׿Լݡ
߽еɻ֮ɫԽԽŨ
һ̣ɫȻ䣬жʱһɺȻ֮ɫ
ģһϲ뵽ȷʵ޼ɹմ״ʵģһӮˡ
Ȼİϲ滹װһĮӣͬһ˿Ӹµζĵ˵źô磬Ȼ㵱ס
⡭ҡڿ֮еľ֮ѾﵽԸӵĵز
˿ĮʣﻹиղǷַ緶
ɫȱ仯һųӣ˵ǽͰͣһʱ侹޷˵һĻ
ܹ˾ʧģȻᡣ
˿̵ݣ޼ɹٹ½պǿߣ
̧һ˲Σ˵ˣ֪Լһ޼ɹִ³ϣҲнյĳɾ͡
ͬģҲ֪Լ޼ɹĵλֻ£Ȼǰ޼ɹһִͨ³ϵԺޱȣۼλǰҪϹϾκԽľٶ


19 ˵
ѹеľǿعæǰ񣬽ֹˣ̶ѹ˵ڲ뱩¶ݣǰҿԼ̣뿪֮ǣҪҵĴ¡
ǣǣʲôԸ𣿿ɷҪϷæǿеľأ˵
˿̣ɵӶ֮ܿĹϵ򵥡
򣬶޼ɹٹٻȥܣȴ˼Ҷ
һʱ䣬ɽԼԵֶ˸顣
ȻɻȴҶʣһãǰλӣɱ֮
˵޼ɹٹݣ͵ʵҲſԵֵ˵ġ
Ȼʵǿǰǵһ
ԣ˿ֺã㽫
ῴǰΨΨŵŵвɰЦ
ʱﻹǰһһģһµļһ
Ȼʵǰȷʵͼ졣
룬ȻҲ
ԼǰӣܹƭһʱֻΪԼݵ̫
ʱһ¶ţǵΪ뿪޼ɹԭ
ԣֺƵѯʣȴǰ˰֣˵Լıֱɣҵģ㻹ʸ°ɣ
ʮֲƣУȴȻġ
úɫ񷴵ž֡
ԣĻǲ˵һ䣬΢ɲ˸֮Լֶתɿ뿪
ֻһգֶۣѾʧ˵֮С
뿪᷽Ű˿
ڸղ̫רע˿̷֮󣬷Ÿеһ£˫ƺѾʧȥ֪һ㣬ͣشŲǵ;ۻأֻվվסˡ
ûзֵǣ˿ɫҲЩףǲð亹˲佫·ʪ
ǵƬ̣ȷӦѾԶ᷽֮Щɲ˶ͷϵĺˮҲǿЦѡ
֮ʵ̫գź޼ɹһϵϵ
ֻ£Ҳվ
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ΪǰǿΧΧ֮˽ǲҿԲû˵ЩʲôȻҲûпϱϸ΢仯
һʱ䣬˵硣Ҷڲ²⾿ʲô飬˵Ŀȫϡ
˿һ˫Ũҵĺ棬ϵɨӵġ
Сĺһմģ
Ƭ֮ǽ黺ƽ漴ת˹ȥ
ʱҲΧͶĿ⣬һľȡ
ʱЩͷۣȻȥںǵĿ⣬ǰָνͣ
ܸܲԼղϳԼŵòҶֻȥɣ
˿Լı¶˳ȥֻ¸޼ɹɲԸ⿴ġ
Ϊ飬ҲܿػصԸ֮С
һ·ϣָɫ֮ҲǼοҪѯʣûʳڡ
ȻҲǶڸղŵе˼飬˭뵽ԸһͨˣȻֻǼ仰㽫õߣﶼþ治ѡ
һʱ䣬Ҳ޵ķŴ
ʱʱĶǳҲǿЦѣܿ뵽һԲ˵˵
ǡʱ̲סĵĺ棬쿪ѯʵᣬղô£Ϊ˼֮󣬱һ뿪ˣ
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ʱҾΪҵ׳úλǰ˺ԲŻᱻɣ
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ʵ벻ԭôһ¡ûȥⷬʵԡ
ʵ⵹Ҳֲױ㱻ĻŪȥʵ濴ȥһͨˣ˭Ҳ޷ϵһ
ֻ˵֮ԵСĽǷ׷׿ʼ²᳤λˡ
ʮֳԸ֮ıǹ顣
ˣСĲɿЦ˵ҿͺ࣬Īǳ
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ϣȻϣֻģɵش˸
һԵмƲƲ죬˵ǸӢۣ磬ݣ⸱ģôܻⲻСĿеӢ𣿡
ոΣգָֻ䱾ԣֻⷬȴСĵһ󼥷˵ٲãҲȲЩƽռʼ壬ؼʱȴٵúá
ԣһʱֻεվǱߡ
һԵҲȥȻǰǷ͸λСġ
С˵֮ʱɫҲǲ΢΢һ죬̶ǺضֱҲ֪Ĵ˿Щʲô
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˽֮£жȴԽĿܹݶɹѹء
಻ܵģõֻ̫࣬º޼ɹĹע
ʱҪǱץȥǲҲѲƤ


20 ԼС
Ȼ֮ǰŵ飬һ£ƺָֻÿվľϹܼҷԸĲ£Ͼ֮Ǻ죬̸̸롣
һǰ飬֮Ҳֻ߹ƽԸ˶Դ˲˽⣬һЩƽոɹˣżһǰں֮Ƿ飬ȴҲûнϵԼСϡ
ҲΪˣһûΪ¶̫ܵաɲǸЩ˵˶ѣ᳤ĳһλֵ飬Ҳ֪˭˳
һ㵹Ը˾ﲻѡ
ҲֻˣϾҲֻ񣬲ĸ֡
αȼƽպóˣ޲ǰ̸Ź顣
ǿ㳤λ֣ⱲҲֻԼҵ˵
෴ģЩ˵ƺ۸һᣬǸо۸ĳλһЩλµ˵һּ̬ĿС
Щ˵뷨ᵹǲȥ⣬ΪǰǼ£ͬʮָмȻǰ˵赭дҲ֪᲻ǸͨˣΪ˾Լðյľٶ
Ҫ֪һãСͻûˡ
ԣ֮ҲҹᣬҪúøмᣬᣬֻҪܼҲֵ̫飬Ծᡣ
ᵹΪ˵õĸмðվģ֮ô޷Ҫľ֮ѡ
ǿҵҪ£ʵֲ
һʼϲڳ㽫Ϊܼҡ
ǣ粢Ϥʲôᣬ֪ܼҵǿϣͬҲ־ڴˣԱܾˡ
֮£Ϊ˱ᣬֻȽǮһͬʱϹܼҼĹҲǶһ㱨
ģҲŵᣬֻҪպʲôѣԾܿڣֻҪܰϣȻ
⸱м̬ȣΣҲûоܾ
ǰǷǫ̬ȣǲҽԼй¶ȥᵹʮַġ
ѾΪµʱΪ˱סԼǲȰ˵ЭȻûж˵ʲôӹֱСĻ֮㽫¸ಮಮ֪Ǵŭ漴ƽ
ƽڵ֪ԼŮôίѾͷպ޲ѣ˿Ϊŭˣ漴㽫ϳԸ
Ȼͬʮȴ꣬Ϊ飬ŵԼԸȴǱ䵽ϴ·ΪһϴѾߡ
ˣܹԸΪһϴѾߣҲùͷǿ
ԣȻίȴҲֻǿ
Ըȴûһȥͬɴ˿ɼԸյжôġ
ȻһкᶼûйϵҲ֪ǲΪ飬չмӡ
֮·֮ĵ죬㱻ϹܼҸ֪üˮˣ֮ڰŸĳӴ֡
һϢʱϲѡ
һѾ˺üˣܹóԸֻǸ֣˷ܵЩ˯š
еԭ򣬲мǲԵʣҲû˼ȥǡ
һ˷ܵģҲΪԼĺѸеˣϻǲɳЦ˵ɪӣǻ˷ݻɣʼջǸˣʲô˷ܵģûϢ
Цǵĳ⣬˿ڳﱸһļƻ
ȻԼѾܹӴĳʦôƻƺҲǿǰչˡ
һգʱ˳棬׼ʼһĹ
Ҳ֪ΪΣԴһǰϹܼҽ֮󣬱ûٿΪƽòãϹܼɻͷ
ЩͬҲǷϣᵽûʲô
ң֮Ի᷸ȫΪϤŻᵼµġ
һϤټ˵֮󣬽δκδÿ鶼ľɡ
ȻʵҲҲЩɱѼ顣
ֻļƺ͵ϵͬԭҲһʦЩȻޱȣһʼʶûʣһֳ˵ɾ
֮Щɵֱۣһ̣ʶԼڵ򡣶ǣһֻü񼦵ޣѾ³ˡ
ΪˣȻϹܼҵһ
νѵ֮Ҳʵˣڹ۲˸ܹ֮˳һ޵
ò˵ǰĳʮ֮ãһ־տĵޱȡ
ֻ˽ܹ֮Щ飬ֵһЩʳģģɱȳĻþϸ£ǼʦҲǰ޲ѡ
һ׳٣ٴԸ֮һۡ
˵ǰˮֳ𾪵׳٣ܽ˵Ϊˡ
һ̣һ쾫տĵ˴в;档
ٴγΪԸ෹󣬹˽ֵĻ
ΪˣҲʮָˣϾԼԭרְǳʦ˿ܹԼϷӳ죬Ȼޱȡ
ֻϢҪ޼ɹ˵κһʶֻ֪»ᾪ°͡
½ǿߣеɱ˵ģȴɱѼ
Ⱦ޴˭ֻ¶޷
ȴûô࣬ÿɽζһϵмΪ飬ȴʮϤ顣
æһĻһ뿪˳ڳ˶ܹ˿һĻе죬ǾȻ
֮ǰαڿ뿪ıӰڽ̲סСֹʲô˲ˣҲǸˣǵ⾢ⱲӹҲǸ˵
ⲻ֪α˵⻰ͬʱȴûԼʱ˿಻ǸˣһǸ͵ˡ
֪Լ뿪ʲôӦ
˿ϻԼδ֮ʱúоһǱɾ
ЩĿרУǡɾ˵Ѿﵽ˵̶ȡ
ֻչȴɻЩӵоƺҲˣԼǰһֽţֻôһͱǲֽͱˣܽһոµľ硣
εǣһ㱡ֽ׾֮⣬޷İ
˼תһ·š
ʱǰͻȻһССӰ
״Ҳǽ˼ϸؿǰˡ
ףⲻĵܵԼС
һԲСΪ̫࣬ټҪñεģҲ̲סЦ
ԼСӿ̰ԣǿ⸱ɵ֪
ģˮܽص̬вɸпͬһģôô
ʱСҲǰ


21 ļƻ
񾭹ʱ˲û񣬷һЦЦıԼ
һʱ䣬ԼСҲɻؿǰ߳һλˣű۵̬Щָ߰һˣӾȻ񣡡
һʮͯװһϵģԼָţûκŭ⣬ǾʮȤ
漴뵽ǰԼﻮõļƻһ˵²õĻᣬҪܹȺСһﴦùϵԼպܷѧĪİ
ЩҲǴԪ½ͼ軨ѵķãĿǰ
˵ǺܴѰ˼ܹ𣬵ǶڸոճΪûµ˵ȷʵһʰķá
ˣŻὫǰϡ
Ѿˣ˵Ǽں֮Ҳһġ
ܰСӺ忪ˣʱ׳һЩ飬ƺǲܵ顣
˼ˣЦݣӶ˵ԭСӣʵڲ˼ղһЩ飬Բûע⵽СӣСӴдҪһ˼ƽϡ
ⷬ˵ͷһνģ˵ȻˣӴдͲһ˼ƽˡ
£̶¶Ŀ⣬漴ɻʵ˵ղ뵽һЩ飬ʲô£
һЦǰ˵׼ƽʮֺó̰档
Եķ棬ʱ޷̰ⷽ棬ʮġ
ôãŽӴ˺¶ˣȻҲԪ½ϵСӣƽˣĶࡣ
ƾԼǰʮķḻ飬ЩӣСӲϹ
ǼװΪѵ˵²̫ðɣҪС֪ˣʱ
֪ǰСӣƽ첻µز£Ψֻ㡣
ƽȻΪ۰ԼܵܣҲǼΪˣ
ҪѾͷ֪Լ㹴ܵܺԼˣҲ֪ǸʲôӦ
Ȼ룬һԲС岻͵һ£漴ЩΪ
ĿĴﵽ漴صص˵ҪɣֻҪСӴӦ˵ȥұ㽫Ǻ㡣
ֻǸʮĺͯﶮЩӣԲüЦæͷû⣬ұ֤κˣҰɣʲô顣
ͷзתܿ뵽˵ӣȴǶ˵Ǻ黹ҪһЩߣСٹʱұ׼Ǻ鶨СӴ۽䣬Σ
첻𣿡Щżʵ
ȻСĵĺѾ᳹׵عסˡ
ȻҪθڣܴﵽҪĿģǣҡҡͷƭ˵ղУֻҪȵգұ׼СʧСӵݣһ˻ƭ㲻ɣ
ʮЩ֮ͣǵ˵ͷ˵Ǻã㣬ʱƭңҿҪÿ
ԣҲæͷ֤
ζԲ뿪᲻ɻһЦԼѾԶˡ
ȻģЩ̾뵽С㱻޼ɹ߲ȱʦָԼȴҪźƭһСӣлѧϰ
Ⱦ޴Ĳ࣬ʵίʵЩƲѡ
գճɻ
ֻû̫ɽ˳˹
ƽռΪ̰ԣڳҲʮϤһҲ˵Ŀ⣬΢һۣ㷢ڽɻᡣ
ᣬǱСС۾Ȼһ̶ɷ˵ǰһק˳ȥ
һԵϹܼҼ״ҪԺֹ£εҡҡͷ
ȻϹܼڳĵλߵģô˵ҲֻԸһ˶ѣθȥȳ
˳ϵ⡣
еˣαڿ뿪֮󣬷׷װԲ²Ŀʲô
󲿷жһͬ뷨ǱԭܹɻǿСӵƨġ
һʱ䣬˶ΪǱģû뵽ƽտʵʵȴô໨ӡ
СӴϹϵֻպĵλҲ֮ߡ
ʱ̲סһʡ
αиǰԺڣԼΪû뵽ϣȴȵǣװ״˴ûᡣ
Ȼ֪Լ뷨
ֻ¾֪Ҳȥں˵ܹѧĿ꣬ŲȥЩ˶Ŀ
ȻԸôãǱʶﲢûнԼҲһˣʼռţһȵѧһգ뿪ʱɣƾԾ
ټԪ½ȥһ
棬Ҳ˵Ȳʵ죬˵ĺµʲôҿǿ˼٣ǰϻģҪǱ֪ˣٲһ𷣣òĶҿɲŹ㡣
Сһ͵ģаЦΪѵ˵Сӣ㿴ҵĻû꣬ȵȣҽͷϵ꣬ٺһȥʱ֤⡣
ȵȥԱ˰ֱ֣һ·ȥͬʱں˵Ҵģһͷ˵ʲôͷĺˣǻǿȥ˵ĺɣ
״Ҳû⣬漴룬˵ˣСӣЩҺһͬݵ˷㿴ǲȥʱһŸ˼
е˵ĺĶȻҲ漴ߴٵ˵ǿȥ
ܿģͷܿ㽫ڽܲͷĥ˻
֮ص㽫Լļƻ
ļƻ˷ܲѣҹƳӡеС⡣
ֻҪ뵽ģǶʱڿɵģ˽һ˳
ڶ췿˼£һЩС⻹ʲô⡣
ԣ˼һҹδ˯ҹС⡣
ԸܴСⷬû˵ע⡣
ȵͬص֮صóһСľС
ЩµСľУɺʵ˵ĺĶôʲôر֮
ԣصһЦ漴˵Сӱ𼱣ľ档
˵ţװģеСľС
ĺѾȫ˿ŬһС۾Ҫľ֮еײЩʲô
ֻǣȵȫ֮ȴһ㶣̶ʵʲô


22 ־
Ȼ֪ʶеĶҲǳľеֽţƽһԵľ֮ϡ
ֻֽ֮ϣ˸ɫͬķ
ţὫľҹƵʮӰ˳ڷֽϵĸĴ󷽸ڡ
ͬʱóһ鷽εӣһţȻ͵ⶫ塣
壿ǲʵڿδ֮ѾҲǴΪ棬С۾飬ϵشеķ塣
ģǿʼ淨
淨ʮּ򵥣ֻǴ½һ飬˸ס
֮ҲǼæ˵죡ھ棬ӻδĶ
ȤɺһЦ̶˱С֮УһʮĺͯǷ
ò˵Ԫ½ӵеӵеƽյĿȴǲࡣ
һССķ徹СòֺȻҡ
һԵҹѾǰ߹ʱһŵضǰ̡
ʱѾеĿеֻѾﵽյ㣬ΨһһֻֻһԵִ
С֣ССһףʱСӿзһ󻶺һҲ˳شﵽյ㡣
û뵽񾡹ܵһŷ壬ʵõĲˣʮױ㽫¡
ȡʤҲ¶һĨʧ֮ɫ
ʤνּ򵥵Ķʵ޷ʲôȤ
Ϊ˺ģԸԶ໨ʱȥоЩؼ
ڳʤͷ֮Ҳ˵ı飬ֿʼһֵս֡
һֱ浽ɫȫһ֮£񷽲뿪
ԭ뽫Ƿȥģһ뵽ȥ֮пܱԼҽ㷢֣漴ͷ
Ǹ񣬳֮⣬ΪĶ
ΪˣԼ񻹻ᣬʱҪĶ
Ŀ뿪صڴ֮ϣس˿
벻Сˣƽ黹Ҫۡ
˿̷ЩȣһѯСôЩĶģղǷʵ̫ˣҴûȤĶҪԼһ̣
ЩЦؿɷ˷ۣ˵첻øɻҹĻ˯Сղͷë
һͷӣ̶ղŵ뷨ѹֹ˼䣬㵹ڴϺ˯
ģЩЦﻹʮ顣
Ƿ˳ԣ˵һֻʮ꣬ʮ̰ˡ
ֻǵһóָԪ½ǰδĶ
ʱ񲻻Ϲ
˼Ҳǽ˯˹ȥ
һҹһΣμԼѧ̽ͼ²ŮģǶݵòˡ
ǱһܣӴ˳ΪĽߣߣǰ󣬺ò⡣
ļÿ춼ᡣ
ҲÿϷóָˣ
Ƿ֮⣬ỹϷ壬֮ġ
ԭỹ뽫ֻԪ½ĻŴйǰᵣ֮޷⣬Ҳͷͷ
Ƕ壬ҲǸ½޽˲ͬĸƣγʺ½Ͷ塣
ȻɲֻǿЩϷ
СʱϷҲǽʾ֭򵥵ֽɻ򵯹΢ѵģӡɳ֮࣬ӦоС
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Щʮɵͯ£һֻʮĺͯ˵ȴĪ
ÿҪü¡
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ѾᣬԼ൱ˡ
ǲʮֳԣأССˣӰ޵ķŴ
һڵͬޱȡ
ǰλߣеĵλǱȲᡣ
ЩӵദҲǽܵԼĳ֮顣
һ֣ЩЦá
û뵽Լܣһһᡣ
˵ףᣬͬҲףܳݵľȻͬһˡ
ΨһͬǣݵǸ̽£ݵĸӢۡ
ݵԸһͨݵᣬЩͬ
ȴûΪһСӳݶеκν߸ˡ
һ죬ݻ֮󣬱˴Ҵҵ
磬Һ壬ûһµùң㲻֪ʱǿҵжôĳݡٽҵµĶЩǰ硣һᣬֺСֱ߬ס᲻ʲô㲻ֵζ
ӣҲЩͷСһҪԼµĻȻܵݵͬǰҫһ
֮£ֻֽǰЩոĹϷ̸
ʵ⹥ϷҲص
ΪԪ½Ĵ󲿷˶
⹥Ϸı˵ݺͷӦͬʱĿ顣
֮ϷʵҲΪźЩӵദܵĽɴһԴ
ΪˣȻûзҪϻķȴϣгϢ
ԺЩӣ̸ĸϷѡҼԸϷ
ЩϷȴͨϷȤӶٷӿ̿
Ϸ˵ϷҪһ棬ڵϻáǡһһء
ҪͨطҪطǿֻȥӴֻҪ壬Ҫ֡
ֻʤشﵽյ㣬ʤ
СߵЩͬ飬󲿷ֶѾʼҪϷʵʲˡ
ΪܹϷҲ˼׽ˣһˣССԺ
ֻǣȻʱ䲻ôҲεʵ˶ͨˣᣬһǿȴʹãҲֻ˵㣬Ķ֡
ǹطȡʤ


23 
˴ҴҵȥЩƵϵķҳ
Ȼ֪ǺôҲǸʮĳˣȻֻʮСӣҲЦѡ
һжȴԽ
һֻʮСӣֻΣ׵ؽƵҪʱָһ
ʱʵڵľǿߣָ˵õĴڡ
һʱ䣬дޱꡣ
ҲΪյ飬Ǽľġ
ΪˣڳɻʱʮЩӵĽӴҲЩ˽⵽ַ
ȻѾĸַʮָȤ
Ԫ½ȻЩط͵ϵͬϵʮֵһ
ھͨϸֳյ˵ʵ㲻ʲôھһӵĹ۲֮Ѿ⿼ɡ
ƺúƽƽ֮УЩ顣
Ϊ⼸ܵ飬ûñ㱻ˡ
ʵ˵Ҳ˶죬ֻżȻһΣΪСҹܻ˯ֻѾҪԼ˵СһΡ
û뵽ǣСﲻ˹
֮ǰ飬ʮָмԶԴʱȻԴǰ㡣
Ǻк׼ѯС顣
ǡΪϢһ档
ΪԸϹܼңһ١
֮ʱ÷ԼĵܾܵȻ塣
Ȼ֪ʲôһԼܾܵȻ̰棬ʱһ׼ѵ
ԭͷϣͻȻԼԼǰŵֺСһ˶ʱ
Ȼŭҵڴˣѹסŭ
ϾȹԼҪἸӵġ
ۼģǴΪΡ
û취˭ץԼڽܵɥ־
ӷת˲˴ǡ
Ҳ΢˽Ϊˣ֪᲻ſڿ֮ˣǱȥ
ڣ壬ǣ㼱ǵ˵
˵꣬ţǱԼһ̡
ȻǺܾͨҲǺ֮ĲŮ
ֻǼ򵥵Ľ£ҲܿŪ·
ţ˿ʼ
ԭСмһˣǽأʮ֮üҲǽ
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ֻǸСӣһζ壬˭֪Сӻ᲻һ֮²
һ֮ǰһв׷ˡ
ԣںʱỹǻżһ̡
񳢵ʤͷֲ̫ʧȥȤ
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ΪһֿϷҲǽʾ֭뷨Ӯ
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ƾľ飬ҪӮ治Ǽ׵顣
˼̣еӣ̶ɻѯʵ˭ģȻ˼
һԵԼҽʣֺð˵緢ģ㣬㲻֪绹ĶҪó׼û
ԣǺݺݵص񣬷˵֪棬ٲúŬԺټԼҪ˭̳У
ѵ⣬ӡ
һԵ״ɻ˵С㣬ղҲˣɲǵϷ¿ǻۣȻСϲҾӦֲ֧Ŷԡ
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˵üЦ̶æԲСԴøСװ㣬˵ǰ㣬㲻֪ҸоԼƺСǰҲǸոͻΣʦһ
һһСһһͣвЩЦ漴룬ƺ˵ĻҲЩ
ȴװһϵģ˵ˣҲ˴ˣȥ
ԣ˵֣ûѾޱȣȻٶ֮󣬱Ҵ뿪
ȵ뿪֮ԭŵҲʧȡ֮һЦЦģᡣ
ֱῴûں󣬷˵벻˲ֳһ˵ףĹҲôࡣ
εЦЦͷ˵СˣЩСϷѡ
ߣǰһΣҾ˰ȥԱӡװ˵
ʵҲԽĺ棬ݷԸ֮Ϊô˸е˼顣
ľٶ̲סҪȥ˽˽⡣
ȻеЦɷ֣漴Ц˵֪С㲻ˣղ˵ЩɲȫǰСӿѣ˵ʵ
⼸µĽӴҲЩ˽⣬֪⺢ӶԼѾäĿĳݣ˵ʲô񶼻Ϊ
һʼҲǲѡ
ûиıԣ־ڱѧ
ȻҲǱǰĻ˺棬ὫЩеóʶһ
һʶ֮£ӴԼҽʱʱᡣ
Ľû뵽
ܿģԸҲ֪ԼҽĹٶΪ˻ƽһע
ͷᣬʹԸ·׷ײ²ʲôԻܡ
ǲЩˣȻҴԼӵ飬ȻҲǡ
ڣЩ˶Ǳżļ֮ɫ֮⣬Щûٶ
αмΪƽ⣬뵱գս֮ʱǸͼˣû뵽Ŷ̶̼µʱ䣬λٲȻߡ
˵ΪڿϰЧʼߣϹܼѾʼѧϰա
֪Ϣ֮αдΪʣڳ켣꣬ҲǸˮĻ
ʱ䣬λȻһ
αƽı֣ò˶ҡһ䣬ΪһʦҲ˵
뵽⣬αдΪպޣŬŷӣҪѵһᡣ


24 ʦɫ
Ȼ֪α뷨˴£˼ɸᡣ
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Ҳ֪ǲԪ½ˣ̫ѷ֮￴ʮɣٳͯ£ܵĶȴĪ
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ѾͷʮֲضᱧԹţ˵ôô̱ҵĹ¡
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źܻüޱȣ׼ʼ˽ļƻһ
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ڶἸѾäĿĳݣ˿ûȥǷ񶮵óգޱڴ飬ʳ
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СһݹݣǻЩԭ򣬲ûиᣬĻ˵ݵʦԸģ˵Щ⴫
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վƽճʦվλãǰ̨ϤİһУвǰһĻĻ
һԵ񿴵ûжЩشߴٵ磬㲻˵ҪһҴûԹʳҳô
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˵꣬ǰЩʦĶΪϻȻʼ׼ʳġ
һƳǰһƬƬĹ۲죬һѳء
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˼һǰΪԪ½ȴδֵĺ⡣
ͨЩӵоҲǷʳûеķḻһ⼸ԵķˣǰҲ͵ͬСʳ
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ܿ죬֮ѾƮһ˵ζ
һԵŵζ֮һԿ챻Ϸ⼷ÿС۾˿ضŹĺ⣬ҺſˮȻỹûֻ꣬ѾȲسȥˡ
ǹƬ̣Ὣеһԭڵĺ⻮һĻߣһѷźõľ֮С
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ĿڸУȻʺˡ
ǰ͹󣬲ɢʳСȻѾͲסҲ˲ֱС֣ɿһ⣬ֱš
ոճ¯ԾɹޱȣһŲû̻
̰ԵСһȴǲýǺ³һŽţһ߽ĺȥ
⸱ģҲǰЦѡ
ͬģҲǴ˿ԼȻûƳȴûһ˲
һ֮С۷Ź⣬дóԵӣʮ㡣
ζ֮Ҳ޷ƣӹݹĿӣƵؽһ̺˸⡣
Ͳûнɾ
ͷβᶼЦеվһԣԣҲ
˿̼꣬ᾡܴģѾ֪𰸣̲סʵôζΣ
ԣؽĿŲ̶Щᣬʵ磬ҴûԹôóԵĶܲһθҳԣ
СӼĿ⣬Ἰ̲סӦ
ΪܹﵽĿģӲĳװε˵С񣬲ĲϸҲˣζĲһҸղŶɿ죬ҪʳҪĴġ
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ⲻ̫ðɣǵʦǲ⽫ķҪǱ֪ǡװΪѵӣ˵
ʵУ˿ȴǰԼȻ˺ƭһСӣǼֿɼǸеȻ鶯
ȻѾ˾ҲͷſˣԥǽȰο磬㲻õģ˵ʱ֮ѱý룬͵ҲݵһԱͺˡ
ԣк޲ӦǱȴԾװһԥ̬ȡ
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25 
ڽĵȴУڶҹ١
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ԣԲཱུСԴЦ˵ģһµĲȣ׼ĺ⻹ζ
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ĳԣʳĿνϤǴŹǣɫڸмѡ
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ĿǰһЩȻһԽкöóҪһ־տĳȡķء
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26 Сǻ
İܿģڸܵ˵ڡ
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״ǰ䱧һԵȴǱһسǰȥʱСһѱ뻳УСؼơ


27 󷢴
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28 
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ͬˣʣ˽Ǵŭ˵ǰ˼ɣ˿ȴû뷨ԴΨһͷǺݺݵؽѵһ١
Ȼһ֣ͬʱӦˣҲԵЩæҡ
Լ󣬷Ӧ죬˿ѱſˡ
ˣҲ˲䰤˺üȭ
ȭͷϣǸһɵʹ̲ס쵹
Ҳñ϶١
Ȼһͬ͹̫󣬼Ǻҳ֣һ򵽶Էϣܹһҽ
û취˭ȭͷ󣬴ڶԷϣܻЩһһĵʹ
ϧǣ˫ȭѵ֣һǿߵ壬˿ȴȫ޷ӳ
ֻƬ̵ʱ䣬Ѿ˼ʮȭ
ȻģҲùһͷɢϸһһ飬ģ˵ҪǱöࡣ
زҲǼ˵ԣۼԼȴԸһᣬҪǴ˳ȥﻹԸȥ
۵ģһת̶ڻ·һ͡
ʱһ߷С¹ķ֮£ۡ
ڿͳС֮ƤҲ̲סһû뵽һﾹȻô񣬶ͳ
ڽԸ֮ǰҲһƦƽʱ͵ûٸɣܽԸ꣬ĵȷʵûĥƽ
ƺЩŵر飬Цô֪ҵС㣬û뵽ôܴ򣬿ܴΣҾͲܵסеļһ
жڽľٶҲһһʱ侹Щ֪Ǻá
ʱ򣬲֪ΪΣֱĪһŷһʹʱеСӦ䡣
ţ㿴ԭӦصСȻԼ˸򣬳ɿƮ˹


29 С
ǰĹΣֳ˵סˡ
һԵαǵСŵֱ
˹һĻнǾޱȡ
˭ҲףԭڽеСΪͻȻĪԼƮ˳ȥ
粢ûʲô֮˵˸Ӹе־Ͳ
ҲЩµ׷ʲô顣
ᣬǽˣ˿̽ǲסؿǰһĻ
ǹС˵ע֮£ϺµƮǰͣ
ˣҲЩͷԣƺ׵׷ʲô顣
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漴Щɻسܿ˿ȴûзСΣɻ
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ʱǰСͻȻһ̶СǰһϤӰ¶˳
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ֻǣῴСͻȻ֣һСϻקһСʱɴ۾ãȻؿȻֵС
СûжС΢ţл˼漴ԲСһԾԴ֮ϡ
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ֻЩСﶼǸߣֱգС﷽лչֳ
ܹæСҲԵø⿪ģСӼỳУԸ뿪
ҲûֹСľٶ˵ҲþûСһﵥദˣÿμʱСһＸǱڻ
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˵ףǸǿΪ磬Ȼͨ˴ôһ㣬Ҳֻ˶ѡ
ϵǸߣҪ˵ʲôˣ֮ģôɡ
вɸܹ̾˳ѧܹһ㱣ֶΡ


30 
ԴϴĽ̵£ӴҲЩˡ
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ǰΪ˱𲻱Ҫ鷳֪ԶԶڳˣֻˡ
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Դӱľտ֮㲻ƽշĴֻ
ѾΪԼܵóʦÿֻ踺Ϊṩʢʳɡ
ΪԼҼƽΪⷱæҲֻżԹһʳ
һΣóԹ˸ɽ亣ζƽ
Ϊʵڳ鲻ʱ䣬޲ÿ춼
ҲΪԼҽܵóʦˮǴߡ
ᲢûΪЩеκθˣ
ʱѾ˳ȸ̰ԵԼԼƳһʳһǱϷһµĲȣʨͷ
ԸҴҵ󣬳֮иֲӦоУ⸴ӵĺʨͷû̫ѡ
̻ʵؽǰʳԺ֮Уʼڶ
ΪǿߵĴڣеķҪøһЩ
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ԣһٴĻصС֮С
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ῴ˳ԣҲЦЦûȥ˵ʲô
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31 ֮
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ԣڴԼҵ̺ų˵£洦š
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32 Ѿ
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˵꣬ҲʲôӦ֮һѽŹ
ԣһ㶣̶ֻεվ档
Ҫ뿪ǸղһУͬЩģ룬ɴվһᣬĳʲô飬ֻµʱҲ˲ˡ
վЩصŵʱȴ»ָƽ
Щԣ˰Ҳ˿룬ԡԼƺҲЩס
Ҫ˷ˣΪʲôء
εҡҡͷ׼뿪
ʱӵٴδˣӰڳǰ˿ɫЩ糺죬ĿҲ΢΢һŭζ


33 
ܵĿ⣬ЩãȻ֪ʲô飬ƺûеԺ˵СѾͷɡ
˭֪ãȻģαǲ΢΢һߣ̶˵Сȥأ
̬ȵתҲЩ֣ʱҪ룬Ҳ˽ȥ
һŵһŮҵ㣬㣬ǰĺüλøΪŨңһ˲侹Щԡ
ΪոԡԵʡ
ܿعæݡ
ܿģ׿ŵߣ˿̵ϻһĨԡ˺Ρ
֣ᷢǰƽջҪø˼֡
ڴŸոճԡߴʱȴǸһǺݺݵİۡ
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вͣ˼ţȴǺͷ
ʱСﲻ֪ð˳ʮָ˵˵ĻУʹ
С֣ҲʱķӦЦŶŪС
СĻУ۾ʮظ
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Сգգ۾Щؿ
Сһ˵ЩҲǼãҲûųԲСԴ͵в䰡ġ
ֻǣƽСһٶϰΪ˿̼СĶ̲ס̧֣Сһǰ᲻ر
СоԴһۣ֪ʲô飬ֻЩίؿ
߼Сģǰһڣ漴û˵Сһһû㾹Ȼôɫ͵ϴ衣
һԵէ֮£۾ʱҪ˳ŵüĿ㶵ضС
Ŀ⣬ʶԼ˵©죬ŭ˵ʲô϶̻СģȻƽտɲġ
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ޣ㻹˼˵ղԡʱСͻȻƾճǰǰһʲôʱӵ㾹Ȼû߹ҡЩյ˵š
ֻǣ˫ȴɽСﱧڻУƺղ͵ϴĲСǰһ
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ԣ˿侲֮󣬷žøղŶ̬ƺЩС
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˵Ҳûоܾ顣
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Ļ̾˿漴ε˵ľԼ˶Էʧȥһ⣬ҲȻ˵ǡ
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ȻǰſԼں֮ǣ۹ӰʱΪ䱳󣬿һټ޼ɹš
һϵңҲҪԼ˵ҵԼˡ
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ڣ
ظ£̶˵Ǻηʥ񣬾ԼҲԸˣѵҲ޼ɹǣ
ָʱҪָԼԼҡ


34 ԼҵΣ
һΣȻ´ˡ
ֻҡҡͷ˵ں޼ɹûйϵڱʵԶԶں֮ڵĸ֮Ըں֮Ű裬ȫ򡣡
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״ҲûȥֱӽСӵϣԼҲȥ


35 ֮
죬æµޱȣÿ춼ҪæŵϢ
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ЩҲԹעĶ
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ͱһˣˡ
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36 ʼʩ
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ˣǱΧסһ˴ӻͳһѰɫĩ˹ȥ
գۼ䣬˱صȥ
һԵһ㱻ŻȥˣҲʡȺ̿Ͷ֡
ۼĿѾȥΪ׵ĺ˵Ŀߣ˸ɱۡ
˵ţ˱ǰ׼һ
һֱվһԵۼΣգɫ䣬ԭޱȵڿἴǺ֮ʱҲ֪ɿسǺֱ˶ȥ
쵰ס֣һŭ𣬶ź˿񺰵
ദĸʮֲټƽҲʮչ
֪İ޷һֱʮָм
ۼἴȻ޷ȥǱ㲻һеسȥͼᡣ
ľٶںѹᶼһ£ֻһȥ
ǿֱӽǰ÷顣
һҽУ̶ҲһɳȥݺݵһԵĵ֮ϡ
һƶõɣֻյƷ磬ҲڱǳѪ޷֡
ں׼ֽ˾˽֮ʣԭڵѻȥᣬͻȻ۾


37 ı仯
һѪп˳Ⱦǰ½
ʱûһ˿飬ԭޱȵѾʧȡ֮һƬޱſĮ
ȻЩһССԼһ֮󣬾ȻѹԺ´̿˵ʲôһûκͨˣվǰΣ
ǿ壬ͣؿԣѪ
ǱģᣬΪ׵ĺ´̿ͣв¶һĨɫ̶˵Сߣȥⲻ֪Ķɱˡ
һĴ̿͵õûκԥԵ彣˶ȥ
һ͸⣬ֻգ۵Ĺ򣬱ǰ
Щ´̿Уʵ͵ҲǽڣʱСȫֵ֣ܹͨ˵ģ˵ŸոսӴˡ
ֻǣʱᣬû˿ӵɫĿŶԷûƶ֣ĳ̴֮ʱͻȻһָڽһ
ȻһϮСߵֱ÷飬ǳǲܿƵֶڰ֮й˸䣬ֱָСߡ
СȻû뵽Ᾱһ֣첻֮£ǰеûκηʱԼĳ˸͸գ۱㵹ǰ
Сߣ
´̿ͼԼͬĪȥɫ󺧡
ûЩ˵ķӦԼ
ⷬһȴʮͷԣֻԼϺҵĶ˼£ôΪΡ
ֻǣΪȵĻǸղһ֣ڵĴ̿ͱԼĽɱˣ⾿ʲô飿
Ƭ̣Щ´̿ѾǰлعڼԼͬ鱻ɱǼЩ´̿͵ŭ
˷׷׳˶ȥΨΪ׵̿ͺ޶
Щ̿Ϳ΢΢һһ˿ͳڵϣûκƶ
ʱһ̿ѾǰҲΪǰͬΣ̿ͲûʹñתΪȭᡣ
Уڵϣƺ㿪Ǵ̿ͺŭһȭ
ֻǣȴ֪ûдܿԷȭͷ
΢΢ǰһ㣬ԼؿӭǴ̿͵ȭͷ
Ǵ̿͵ȭͷֱӴϣһѪзɽȴֱǴ̿͵ţ첻֮£Ǵ̿͵۾ǱѪУ΢΢һΣָôȻõǴ̿͵Ŀ֮
ֻǴ̿һҺһʧȥǡһͬӭûκηغȥĴ̿ײһ𣬹ڵء
Ǵ̿һȭᣬԭ԰׵ɫȴһĨ
ԭ֪ԼƼأղſյַӿѪ˹أֻ֮ʱڸ޷ͨڶѪ˸ոŻǴ̿͵ȭͷԼϣڶѪ忪
̿ͣᾹûϰı֣Ϊ׵̿УǴо
̿²뵽ǻԼᣬǷܹ㡣
ֻǣܿ˵ݲȵ˲ߣֻҪǰСһ޷쵽
˼ˣ̿Īһֻš
⾿ʲôˣΪԼһССļ;Ȼӵ˾˵ʵǰԼһƽ˴ˣֻЩ˸͵һ֮С
ǣȻӵ˾ʵǰΪλ޷رԼˣ
̿мȾɣȴǰ˼⡣
˿̰ڵϵҲǱ˾˵ľٶŴͣԼϵʹ
ദ˴꣬϶Ҳʮ˽⣬û뵽˾˵ı֣ȫ߸ƽնӡʵ̫ˡ
˵仯Ȼ⡣
ǰǴ̿͵һȭڻҵҲǱͨһ˿Ȼ֮ϡ
ʱʣ̿Ȼ֣ȴ˿ûӰǵĶ
ܿģѳͬһʱ䣬ֱӲͬķڵϵᡣ
¶һĨЦƿỺһ̿͵Ľ֮ϡ
ǳһģǲ˿ɨ˳ȥס˴ĳ
ֻǰһ󽣹󣬷ײ̶һѪ徿ʲô顣
Ψһֱûж̿ͿС
һĻ֮ʱƤܿƵһ
ڸոգ᲻֪οסһ˵ĳƶĳ֮£ס˵Ľͬʱѳ𿪣ֱԺ޷ͬ˹ȥ
ȻҲûԤϵܣ㱻ͬĳУʧȥϢ
ʼнô̿ͣǲܿƳ嵽ǰᵲס⼸˵Ĺ̶ǰ
ֻǶ̶һ˲֮䣬Ȼ̿ͣ˹һĻڳճ˼塣
ʣ̿ۼԼͬ龹ȻԼУͷ־ŭ
ҲǷӵйı£ŭᡣ
˿̣˾ֻмλ˷ֱŲͬƸ޷
ȴû¶κλŵı飬һصģݷ̿ͺŭһ˵ûκвһ
ɢԵĳһ󾫹˳ϮȻǰ֮һ˹ȥ
ҲѾָЩʱȻȥûʲôɱȴǺպõǰ̿͵Ľ֮ϡ
˲䣬̿ͳ̵ķ򣬾΢΢ƫЩŸٶȴ˹
ֻǣҲ֪ΪΣǴֻ̿Լֱ۲ܿƣƫԭȵĹӹͷôǳĴ̿ϡ
̿͸׷ʲô飬ֻͷһʹʧȥ֪
ͬʱǴ̿һƣǴ̿͵Σ˳ƻ̿ͣպײ˽֮ϣһģĿ
̿Ǳ˹һĻ׾ˣ㶵վԭز֪Ǻá
ؿӹһĨЦ
ǡǱı̼̿;ֱӽбͶһǲҪᡣ
һֱŵıǴ̿ȴǳô˻ǰ
һŭǴ̿ͱǰ龰̼ò壬ͨһȭ˹
״ǷŴûκα仯ճǰõסǴ̿㾡ȫһȭ
Ǵ̿͵ȭͷ֮ϣݷһ֮ϣֻ˲䣬һǿҵķֱӽǴ̿ϵֱ顣


38 һ
Ǵ̿͵˲䱻ɣѪò
̿Ȼȥǰһȭ̺Ҳ׿Իġˣ弫Ϊ
鷳Ѳᡣ
Ǵ˿һȭ֮ʱ΢΢һΣ̶µأǹ˿
һĻǡҲǱΪ׵̿;۵ס
Ϊ׵̿ڿ֮иȷᶨǸز¶ĸ֡
ȻµΪѿὫһȭתƵ¡
Ͳͨ˿ģΪߵͬ첻
Ҫǣ¿ˣȴܹ˴ݵĻһȺӵнΪĴ̿͡
ͣʵΪ׵̿Ǹ޷ġ
ڲԶʱѳ׿ˡ
ضᣬƺҪһ̵᳹׼Ժ
ǰΪ˾ᣬǽʵʵǴ̿͵һƣϴľʹϮĴԣڹȥ
֪ԼܳŶãЩѾҪˣڼΪ˵ǰһУѾסע
Ǵݲȵ飬Ǹɾ֣һĵĳ֮顣
˵ͷβֻδƶ֣Ǽ̿ȴʼ޷˼֣Ǳ׻ɱ
Ϊ׵̿ۼ˶̵ʱԼ¾ȫɱһпνӡ
ǰʩչֶΣܹ³һ
ˣΪ׵̿˳˵ͷ
Ц֮˴ݲȵĻɱһȺߣԼ߸޷쵽
ѾֻʣһˣĶ֡
ͷո̿Ѿ˾
˵ת㳯Զɿȥ
ڿǽҪܣһ˿â
Ź졣
ʱڵϵʵѾԭˡ
ǰһƴѪԣٵ֮⸱Ѿһ˼άƿء
֮⣬Ψһܹƿ⸱ģҲֻ⸱ԭȵ
ǵģǰȺ´̿ͽ֣ʮִݵؽǾеı
Ǹ˫֮һǿߣ
֮⣬µ˭ܹ֮£׵ػеˣȺ̿͵أ
Ϊ޼ɹΪܳĵӣԼĽ
ʮһ̤֮νɶõš
ȴˣһȺֻϵĴ̿ʹˣϵܣĽ޷̡
ΨǰһȺ̿͵Ѫܽеŭ
ˣۼܣδŹ
ǰһ֣ûʹ̫ͷβɾѡ
Ƭ̵Ϣǰ޼ɹеַµǻָЩ
ȫʢʱڱر
ԸһȴҲѾ㹻ˡ
ʱ첻һеسԶȥٵ飬гΪ
ʱһѷɶڰ֮лһ⣬ƿһǿҵƿ죬ֱ졣
̿һֻȴ벻֡
ֻܷٷĳеȴҲ޷
ɱ󱳣Ŷ
۾ͽȻùԲѡ
þһ˿Ŭͷȥ㿴һѳĿڴ˳ǳĽϣһ˿ȵѪ
ԼѪлһͷȻ£Ѫ˳˿ڣɿȾΧء
Լһ֣Զ¶һĨЦ⡣
ֻǣЦݸոһݣ̶һһգ˵һԣٴʧȥ֪
һƬžŵУҲΨǿһѡ
ֻǣ𾪵ɫҲֲ徿ʲô顣
ֻղһһ㡣
ڵĴ̿ͣ˼򵥵ľС
ֻǸոսӴ޷ղȺ̿ͽֵĶ
Щ̿;ħһ㣬໥ɱ
˿ٴλԣǰչֳֶΣȴӡС
ħһ㣬һ
Ƕ̶̵Ϣʱ䣬ÿһ˵Ĵݣ˵
һʱ䣬Ŀ⾹͸޵ĳݡ
ԭ˼صˣǸղչǿסһ˿ֻѻ˹ȥ
˿Ļԣǿҵƣ漴Ϯ
ǣһҲǽŻԹȥ
ݵѪɺӣܳžż֪ʹԵøӹ졣
֪˶ãеᣬоԼʪʪģƺʲô
Щƣػ۾һۣ㷢һССӰվԴԱߡ
ԲĹĵѩ׶ӣϳС
ʱССͷϵӡƺССԴΪ
뿪ֹСĨˮ˲䣬һʹ˹̲סһ
һ΢ҲСע⡣
ѣСԲԲ۾ؽ
̶СϷĨſˮ
״æֹСľٶֻСŬ֮£ѱСĿˮռἫơ
СֹɰС۾գգ̶ŤԼ׾С´һҡһڵȥ
ῴС뿪ҲûֹΪʱԼŵĵطԼķ䣬һԭסСҪĵ䡣
ʱӻһƬģ۾˼£ǰһкֻܿص˼֮С
ʱǰһС
ỹǵãǰҪðȺˣԷʶԼܣ㱻һƴȥ
ʲô£ѵûأԲš
Ⱥ´̿ͻ׵طŹѵ֮иֳ־Լ
Ĳʵû֮ȷʵи־ǣλϱԼ
ͼӴ֣Լνֻ΢һ£±ʹޱȡ
֮£ֻ÷
ʱȴһŲ
ûãٴα򿪣ԼҼƽ˽Ǹո뿪õС
ȻǰС뿪ȥ֪ͨˡ
ƽҲ£ף˿ӦԸ֮С
뵽Ҳ˿Ȼ淢ʲô飬ǵþˡ


39 Ϥ
һݣ۾չһЦһ˿ϲã˵̫ˣ
ԣ԰׵Ҳ΢΢һЦ̶Щ˵С㣬û°ɣ
ĵʻҲһж漴˵İɣҲʲô󰭣ҹ֮ǰ˵Ƽأʱڲѹ
˵ţѾǰСĻĵԣǵֱϲš
ССԴЦЦǻӦ
˵˿ӻ̫˵еһƣ
ʱһԵƽǰǿᣬ̶Ц˵Ѿ˵ˣǰȣϷģ㶼ΪԼˣϷһôκġ
лƽ˵ҲֻܿӦ
ƽǴæˣ˿ܹᣬѾǶһ御ˣ˵ЩеĻƽ뿪
ƽߺ¿˵ղСͻȻҵңһΪ㷢ʲô£ԱȥҴŴܿͻˣڸоô
˼䣬ܿ㽫ˡ
ʵǰᱻ̧Ը֮ʱһʱ˴ơ
ʱ򿴺ǶԼҸŮ˵Ƽأһñ޷ѹ
ҲΪˣСһʱҵʱΪƳֶ񻯣ŻһʱȥҴ򣬶Ǻƽһͬ˹
ڴһ֮󣬷ŵ˵ͷ˵С㣬Ȼɺأ˿ѾǼˡһҿЩӣЩӺӦñȬˡ
û£Ҳ˿лȻŴȥӡ
ԼҲ˲١
һƣûмϢ
뿪֮һɾϮҲٴγ˯˹ȥ
С￴˯˹ȥҲǺܸɴһԺ˯
֮죬չ£Ҳ˺תȻģңٻָЩ
죬뿿ڴϣһŨҩ
磬úҩˡڵҩϣ˵
ԣüͷ⼸ж㣬չ
Ҳǰ֮飬ȻûоԼˣľٶȴġ
ȻֻǸˣΪԼҴСȻǲչ˵ģ˲Ż
ܲܲȣʲôĵҩǶֱɱһʹࡣ˵
⸱̬ȣ⼸Ǽˣ֮ɰ̬ʮּ˵У˵ˣҪҩ
ܲٺȵ㣿СѾͷһ˶ε˵
һۣ˵磬֪ҩ涼ǼΪҩģһ룬µǮ˲ŲСǰ㿶ûôĴۣ㾹Ȼ
ʱǴᣬӦĻ콫òŶԣմķԸһԺ²ǿɾ鷳ˡ
䣬ͱС˽
⼸죬ҲǸعᣬȻҲ֪
¼ںûذᡣ
֪ԼҪֻ޷ɣ˵Ǻðɣȷţһٺȡ
ô˵աѯ
ʵЩĻָϵҲǻָ졣
ǰǴ̿һɵˣʵѾ˺ֻܶ࣬Ͽģʮ
⻹Ҫ鹦⸱ǿǣƽˣֻʱܲǸ⡣
˵֮ʱСﲻ֪ʱѾǰڷҩϡ
СԴСЩضŨĺɫҩڲ²ǰĶʲô
ͷۣû˿Сһת̶ɿſͣѸٵسһڡ
漴С۾һ綾ҩҩСȴǼΪζ
ǣСԴɿĺֻǲһᣬһŨҩǾСĶ
ʱһԵҲǷ˶СﾹȻҩ͵ȹ⣬ɾС㣬Сҩ͵ȹˡ
ʵͷСľٶֻûֹ͵֡
ľкҲǷСľٶɽСץڻһصС˵һôѸ˵ҩ͵ˡ
Сģһί̶ֺõŽ
СⷬģֺֺЦֻε˵ˣȥһᡣ
Ӧһ˳ȥ
ԣٴο
ûӹҩˣСѾͷԼල֮£Ἣ߼ѵغһͬҩҩ
һ۲С᲻û˵ôûϢôѺȵĶ㻹۲ǰܸˡ
СǶһҲɴ಻ȥԸϢ
峿Ҳһᡣ
ȣѾŵһķ֮С
ⷿȻҪԭסĺ࣬ԭȵȴס
֮󣬿ţǴΪˡ
֮һ
˵壬ҲˣȻûأϾֻǸͨˣҲǾüĵŻָ
ⲻոջָƣ㼱æᡣ
ĵҲʮָˣе֪ҲЩǹҡ
˿̼֣Ȼ֪Ѿˡ
ǰĵ
ͬסôã˴ȻޱȣԺܿ˵
ͻȻᷢʱʱԻ󲻽Ŀⶢв죬ɻʵôˣʲô𣿡
ԣǻͷ棬̶Щ¶صر飬˵ᣬ㻹ǲǵǰʲô飿
ʲô飿᲻ʵ
֮ǰЩ´̿͵顣
᲻Ϊʲôôʣ֪챻ǺһƴΣ֮Ըˡ
ҲѯʹյҲֻԼòи˽Щ̿ȫɱӶǡ
ǾǵˣҲ벻˭ͬʮԻ
˵ҲǴв죬ı֣漴ʵᣬĪʲôͨĴ


40 Ը
᲻ΪôʣƽͨСϰգʲô
ӲҪ˵Ҳֻڵˡ
ϵ޼ɹٹȻ汲ܹţ϶ȻҲЩĪĴ
ǲ˵ġ
ʲô汲ˣҵ汲ǸˣôһˡɻʵΪôʣ
ڿһ˼֮ҡͷϣԻŨ
ղôʿɲǺҿڵġ
ǰһ֮ʮ´̿͵ΣȻԺС
ΪĻþ֮󣬿ǵ֪ʮ´̿ͶɱˣɱǵȻᡣ
һʼҲΪǸز¶ĸ֣Լˡ
Ǹز©Ĵ֣ΪԼҵһˣ
ҪǣȻǸ֣Ϊ֮ǰֻᱻǺһƴѪԣ
ᣬǰֱֹˡ
ƽյദ֮УҲǼΪϤᣬ᲻಻ٵġ
ЩۺŻɻ
ԣȥ뵽ǰǸܡ
汲һλʵ˵õĸ֣ǰǷٶλּԼգ鸽
ҲֻĽͣŷϵʱ
ֱֻӷֿܣʵͷԡ
̶Ҳὲպ淢顣
Ŀ˿ٴν鲢ï
֮һ㶣̶һӦǣ˵ûôֻһܡ
ǾһжȻ⸱йء
ⲢѲ²⣬Ȼ֪ܰ쵽һжȻ˵ģʲô鸽ֻԼ⸱ԭȵʵܰ쵽
ҲЩ´̿ѾǿûߵǿߣԱ⸱ԭȵݣЩҲֻ꺢ͯǰ
ΪλᷢѵԼ屾ܵķӦ
뷨һʱ䱻ųˡ
ֲǻˣܹϵͳ֮ж
ڱǺ´̿ʹ֮ʶѾûˣǿҲܿűɱˡ
ȥΨһ뵽ıֻһ

ʶʧȥ֮⸱ԭȵ֣Щ̿ȫС
һ뵽⣬ᱳðһ亹
һԽδԺ֮С
ѵûȫʧɴĳһطһԼʧȥʶܳ⸱壿
ô᲻պһлᣬ¿ס⸱壿
תһ룬ƺҲǲԡ
ˣΪǰֲɱЩ֮̿ûǿռ⸱壬⸱壿
ᣬôˣǲ岻ɫô֪룬ΪƸĵ
˿˼һƬңĻĲɵӦ˼䡣
״ҲûжúϢ֮뿪ˡ
ڴϣв²ֿܣҲ˯˹ȥ
֮죬Ҳʱʱ⣬ȥûд𰸣ɴʱѹ
پЩӵĹ۲죬ԼһֻдļΪᰲοԼš
죬һҩ˽
µĻָѪҲ𽥺ҲζҲúǴ򿪳ļҩ
ΪָΪԺ²ǷԸԼҵĿⷿȥһЩҩĳᡣ
ⲻҩԼҿⷿмΪѩ˲Ρ
ѩ˲ֻڼıأ쳣ԼҲۺ񣬸дв١
ΪˣƽȻҲһ㶫ʮֿȥȡһЩ
ಹҩᵹҲûκų⣬ǰҲûԹʲô˲Σû뵽ԽԪ½Լҵһ֮󣬷лƷ
ӹݹѩ˲һȫ¡
ģЦ磬СãȻѩ˲θ㲹ӣԼҿǴûй
ԣ˵ҪҲΪ˾С㣬صˣСҲġ
ޣޣޣ滵СΣһΡؽ
Ҳ£̶ԼҲЦ
٩һᣬͻȻʲôһͻȻ˵ˣԸ˸ЩҪעһ°ȫ
᲻ʵ
ȻҴԼҵ⣬ѵ˲ͷˣ
ԸĻĸ۵͵ʵǿӹԸЩߡ
Դӷϴε¼ƽһȥ׷֣һҲǿеĻƽճԸҲǱüΪϸ
£ȻܹԼ͵öʵ˷˼
ǣ᲻׷
ȴЩŹֵ˵Ҳ֪Ǹ˵ǴǱ
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һЦ˵˵Ը䱸ɭϣȻǱʵɼһߣֵֻǣ֪ΪֵǵĹرﲻ͵ȴ͵˼ѩ˲Ρ
£˵صǣ͵Ǽѩ˲Ǹѩ˲֮УͷСʵġ벻ôı£۹ȴ
˵ԸЦ
΢΢һ鴤漴бۿڴŵСһۡ
˿С۾һȻش
Ӹղ֮УѾٷְٿԶ϶ԸǸˡ
Ȼ͵ѩ˲εС͵ǰС
ƺǸܵĿ⣬СЩԺ۾̶ۣ½磬Сһһյģʮֿɰ
ֻǣῴС⸱ģѾǽð
СһﱾԲģǰռһѩ˲Σˣ֮͵͵Ǳⷿ͵
νշҹѷ仹һ޺ޣǲ˵ע⡣
˭뵽͵ѩ˲εСһʮֿɰСһ
ֻ¾ǲŵġ
ʮСӵһȻʱ䲻ҪԴеĻʲô¡
ҲֻСŻô͵Եʱ򲻻ֺûϺõѩ˲βԣתΪȥ͵Щʵͨɫ
ò˵СһľٶֱֺֺЦ
뿪֮ҲǲСǷ˯ţץһٺҾԺ׼顣
ֻǣСﵽ׻᲻Ҳûס
ϾľСһΪ˳ԣƺʲô鶼ó


41 
Ҳ֪ǷľãԴСﱻһٽѵ֮ҲûԸʧԵ鷢
չˣԼϧķҩĵİ£ҲǿòˣѾܹжˡ
ʵܵʮصģ⸱屾Ѿǿߵ壬֮ǰʱַƣֻ»ͨûµʱ䣬Ǻѳ׸εġ
죬򿪷ţʿ泩ôãǰﻵˡ
˶΢Ӳӣ̲ס˿
ЩӣҲʱʱعᡣ
СһܲҲǸмѣЩӵദļݣܻ¶һ˿ľ׽֮飬ǵܵܿǰ㡣
ЩȻڴϣỹǴԼܿе֪һЩϢ
ԭ̿ϮĲֻԼҽԸҲܵһɲ˵Ϯ
ҵǣЩ˵ĿȻΪ²ԼҽټƽЩ껨ؽʵǿĻػԸܵЩ̿ڣǱԸһڻˡ
ΪˣԼҲʧһĻ
Щ̿ΪԼҲǸңԲעصԭԲûɳʵǿĴ̿ϮԼңԼҿ԰Ȼ
Լңں֮ڵɾûôùˡ
֪ڵϮ֮󣬺֮ڴССʮҲ̴̶ܵͬϮϢ
СҸδɱгš
Ϊ֮ʵΪǿҸܵЩ̿͵صչˡ
Ҽǵߣ˵մɱҵĴ˿Уͬһߡ
ǵȻȴԽסӶʹ̿͵Գ֡
ʧȥıһɴ̿ͷĽ֮£ֱϵ˸ߴϡ
УĵܵܣҲǰйһ֮Եٺ˿ɻԲѡ
˵һδɱҵʵܵ˼ˣʱںѻָ
˴δ̿ͬһʱɱ֮ڴССʮңʱ˺֮ľ衣
ƽϴ˴ܵϮңһͬͼҳЩ̿͡
Ϊ׵ļңǶøԼȫ׷δɱ¼ı
˵ʱڣ֮ڰӿú֮ڵľĻ̻̣ҹ˸ڳš
ȻֹǺ֮ǣ˴¼Ѿ۹
Ϊ۹ƿߣ۶γ֪Ϣ֮󣬲Ȼŭ˳¡
֮ȻȲϵ۶ͬ۹һΪҪĳ
û뵽ȻĿŵ˶Уγ첻Щ̿͵Ŀĺڣ飬ãֻ»Ӱ켫
Ȼ֪һкҲЩ¾Ȼֵô󡣵˿ݲһˣȻȥЩҲûȥЩ
ں֮ڰӿ֮ʱλں֮ڵ̻ܲǼ谵֮С
ȥӵĽƹ˿ȴݣ̧ͷһϵϰ壬в΢ŭȻҲûô˵ִ£㻹ǰȲ裡
ֵϰԣŵ۾΢΢һ죬̶˵˴εĴɱжѾֵ÷зѾǿ䱸˵֮岽һڣʮһڣҲȲ裬ѲĽƹҳȥ𣿡
⡭ĽƹϰĻһʱǴ۾˴죬ȴ˵һ仰
Ϊ̻ƹĽƹȻ֪淢ΪŻ˽
Ͼʱ䣬ѾȥһˣԭָԼұ֮׼ȫ̽ԼҵĲҵ
û뵽ǰǺʹȥĴ̿;ȻȫûõϢԼұ̿ϮȻҲ룬󲿷ֶƽǮĻԼ֮ˣȴûܵˡ
ĽƹĻǣǰֻǶԼҶ֣ȴû뵽˾Ȼͬһʱ֮ڵĴССʮ֡
Ҳ֪ǸǺ֪ǿһ֮ǣʵ޴
ΪδģĴɱ¼ҲԼԼ֮ҵľ裬ʱڣֻ̻ܰʱҪʲôױʸ֮ģʮֲǡ
ϰ忴Ľƹ񽹼̬룬ſڵĽƹȲżⶼǺ¼һǳģʱķԸֻҪǰʵ棬壬Ȼǵġ
ĽƹԣҲεص˵ͷ
ʱľУһڷϮδϰӦһӰѾ˵֮С
Ľƹִ£ղĪңһ֣Į˵
ĽƹϰǴ󾪣ϰӦ̶Ц˵ʹˣĽƹ淢飬ҹʹߡ
һԵĽƹԣҲǼæš
˶ԴֻһߣҲٶԡ
ûпǱߵĽƹϰһۣ£˵ʹߣ㿴ǽжҪΰţԼѾ˷ҪµʱԼҲҵǲܵ顣
ԣɴĽƹĻ˵ǰǱʹ͹Լҵû뵽Լص֮䱳󾹻һλְб
֣ԼңǰѾһؽĻʲô֣ϰЦ˵
Ҳϰ廰֮⣬Ȼ˵Ϊжι׾ӵ
Դˣ˵ƺԶǰ㵭Įͳֻ䵭˵ԭǴɳһԸҳ֣һ̽̽ҵĵףҲԽתЩҵע̻ܹ˳ԼҵĲҵ
£ϰڷѣ˱ٴ˵ֻǣû뵽ԼǱȴ⣬ȻǸҵ鱨׼ȷ
鱨һϰ𣬴˿ⷬɫʱޱȣ˵ʹߣ⻰ɲ˵ǰѾԼ̽ȴδ˵ĸˡ
ûлͷ䵭˵ʵˣҲãҲգ͡
ϰԣɫһ죬Ǽ˵ǾͲùˣԼиΣʹѾȫ̼ƻԼ޷֮ա
ʹмƻܷ͸¶һĽƹȻԴʮֹģʵ
ǵ˵ǰĵűǣһ£±ܼĽƹȫ̽ԼҵĲҵɡ
ϣӰһȻӰ
ߣһѾʧһΣţԸ迴ɫ¡ϰǺ뿪ŭ˵
һԵĽƹûнӻǳĬͷ˼


42 
һȥͷǷ񰵳ӿԾɰĵصˡ
Ϊ󲡳û£ǴϢ죬ȻҲֵУרĵĺϰ
ЩӣѾ˳ͨ׶Ρ
ǲ˵ǿߣ嫰磬ȥ
ᵱյİ֮£ټܵ´̿͵Ϯ֮󣬸ǼӱŬɿ죬ҲǳĽ׶Ρ
һգ׼һ׶ΣҲҪһ׶Σͨ
ǵĻ˵֮ǰкֻһܹжһǷܹͨҪһ
Ԫ½ϣ˶ȴ˶ܹΪһߣһ׼ıͨ
Ϊֻеһ˴ͨ˾ܹǿ壬ǿ
仰˵⾭ͬǹİһһװӵǹȴûа۶ôǹܹǿɱ
һһǿȴ޷ʩųкã
ͬڵһһǿޱȵȴ޷óֺͨк
Ȼͬ˿̵һοǹĳǹһֻҪοǹȻȻܹӵǿ
ֻǸ˴ͨķûаǴͨ
ͨ£Ѱпܻʱ䶼޷ͨҲʦİ£˽µʱ䣬ųɹ
Լû£ֻǺѰ쵽ܹԴͨģѾԼߵˡ
ŲΣ΢ΪȻûͨ
Щᵹû⣬ڵõָ֮˱²ػصԵʼ
̵ķŽϥʼͼڵǾĴڡ
ǰкĿıڣֻӵԼ߷а취ͨڵķֱԼÿһ
һԵСԭ˯žᳳѣЩԺգգۡ
ڷľٶССԴؿ
ſţƺǾĴ˿̵Ķܺ棬СҲѧ
ԲĹĵСӣСߣ£ֻҪѧŽ֮ʱŷԼûȣֻ˫ĽѾӡ
γԶ޷һһûȥСԴֱײǿϣð˽ǡ
ʱ֪Сһֻ֣ǾһСᣬѾɹظܵԼһ۸ӵ硣
еޱȡ
ǰǾ޿ܰ쵽һģҪ֪ԼڲҲֻҽԺȽҽѧܹ쵽
Ƭ̵ľ֮ҲǺܿӦһı仯
ûã㷢֣ԼѾһͨˡ
ȻԼ⸱ԭǿߣھѾͨȻΪ档
ֻǣǰ⾭֮ʱ߹ڵʮӴӣֻа
ڽ֮ǰЩؼȷ˵
ɴʱΪԼȴֻһǱͨģأ᲻üͷ˼ڤ롣
ѵΪԼ⸱֮󣬲䣬Բŵ·
Ϊǰôصˣŵٴζ
һ뷨һ˲ôпܡ
֪ӦýǶľԽͨԽãˣ˵ֱʣصᵼպĽȣɲԸġ
˼ˣ᲻ԥ㿪ʼӴʼͨ
ò˵ڵޱǿԭҪʱ䣬΢ͨľ῿ӴֻһϵĹɹͨ˵ڶ
Ȼڴͨڶ֮ʱޱȼ尾˺ʹ
ܹ쳣ʹ࣬ɹ֮˷ܲѡ
Ľȿֻ輸ʱ䣬ܽȫͨ
֪ҪƬ½վȽŸôֻԼӵ㹻ֻһӴԼҵһˡ
ʹҲǾ԰ȫǰЩЩ̿ͣҲЩɥ
һҹŬҲǱиˣоԼƺѾԽԽֻҪȵȫͨʱӵǿߵΪ
ʱܹƾһЦأǺεȿ飬̲סʼ
ɵգʱ֪ƺԼλͬûԼǰ˳һҹĳԲûһͨĸӦھû
ҲֻܺһοҪй
죬˸ɻ֮⣬ʣʱ伸ڴ֮ͨϡ
ʱ䣬Ѿɹͨ
ڴͨʱỨһʱ䣬ųɹͨ
˵㻨ʱ䣬֮ǰԤڵǰ١
Ҳ֪Ϊʲôڴͨڶ֮󣬱оԼڵԽԿơ
˵ʱЩ
ҵǣļ֮£ֻͨҪٽȫͨ󹦸ˡ
ʱҲֻǿܹظӦԼڵľ
⻹ǶİӴ֮£ѾϤԼڵ硣
ȻҲٴһ׷ʣһֱ˵չһڵɡ
ǣô滰˿֪ǷڣʱǱһŶʱըζɲܡ
˹˰£Ѿǧ࣬ǵڰ֮ͨ㳤ó˿
һµʱ䣬ǰĥˣһδ˺Ѿʹǰᶨ޷ܵס
ǾһĴɱʶƬ½棬Ҫ㹻ԼҲԸĿࡣ
ҲΪΪ˻ʹܹܵġ
ֻǣЩֵǣȫ֮ͨ󣬷ǸоԼڵԽĳ
Ҳûȥ⣬ΪԼδܹȷķŻ
һµʱ䣬᲻ϵİ£Ҳǿһ˺һ¸϶죬һ϶죬ֻ±廨뻹ϸܹǿͨ
һȻϲԣ֮ǰ˵Щһ޷ͨκһҲ˵޷
ֻһµʱˣʵסȻ֮İȻǹûġ


43 
ڳɹ֮ͨ㼱ææҵ
˿ǾѾԽԽȻȲ
ȻСҲһ֪⣬ڵ֪˾Ȼֻһµʱɹͨ˾ӶҪһһʼҲǾȵŴ͡
ϾǵԼʦ߹ͨ£ûҪҲҪ£ʱ䡣
˵Լʦİ֮£˽µʱ䣬ھмһ϶죬Ϊ˻ʦ˵ʲס
ǰ˾ȻŻ˲һµʱ䣬ͨĲ裬ʵ̫˸е˼ˡ
ȻΪڱӵǿߵΪͨȻ迿Ҳ׾ٵɡ
ȻǸѧߣ߿ǿ߰һڴͨʲôϡǡ
⻹᲻ɣͨٶȻЩ
Сԣһ֮Ҳе
ССѰᵱһ㣬٣ȻҲġ
ǻ֪£ֻ²輸գᴫ۹ˣ˵ĹעϾıʵ˷˼
֮Ҫ£ҲǺޱؽѧĻķˡ
Ԫ½ϵߣΪδﵽ֮ǰķǻķ
ȥں֮ҲЩѧķҲǸͨѧķ
ķκ˶ûƣԽ̸κβס
ȻķУֻΪĶȴʮĵؽȫ£ﷴıţһ񣬾ͻǻǴһ֡
ȻҲǽķһֲļ֮ǰЩؼ˵ķʵ̫ͻˡ
ȱñĶ
ķ˵֮㿪ʼ԰ݣ
Ľ⣬ҲˣҪڵӳ޴ͨɾӶתȫӶƶͨԲǿ
ǿߣڵǰޱȣ֪βȻ練ƣʱ᲻˷ܲѡ
ܿģǿԼ侲ʼתķģƶѾ״ͨİл߹
ֻǣոյִǰڴ֮ʱͻȻסˡ
ԭͻȻ֣ں嫵ŸոյִЩ֮ʱ㲻ܿƵطɢ˳űͨİ˽ȥ漴ɢ
֣ô£ǰǻķ˵ģΪвͨаֹ
ЩаһΣٴƲѡ
ʱע⵽һԵϲɫģһ㶡
⸱飬ֻ˵һ⣬ǾѾɹˡ
Ȼո꣬ͼ˷ܲѵغ̫ˣķǺöֻһΣɹ
һ£˻ˣɵЦ
ŬôãԸԳѧʲôø˵顣ҪǷǰҲ顣
ĸˣ˿̵ν鼫ơ
һáǰ˵ڿӵų޷ֻͨһһ
ȴǽȫͨˣ£Ȼ޷ɹƶʵ޷⡣
˷˼ΣڵǸոս뾭֮󣬱֮ͬУϢ
֮ǱߣϰѾ÷ֻΪڵʵ̫΢ڼܹɹ޷ʲôǿƻ
⿴ǰ˷ܵسһԵϣȴû¶ٺۼɿ
ɫת᳢ԶٴΣȻ޷һɹ֮£Ҳֻʱ
˸֮һͬ뿪һ·ϣ˷ܲѵ˵һ֮ͨ󷽲ע⵽ͷڤ˼ı飬ɻʵôˣ
˵û£Щ飬ʱˣȻȥˡ
֮صԼڴüͷϸ˼š
⣿Ϊ˿ľӵΪȻ޷쵽ʡ
˰죬ʼ벻ͷзޱȣǵľǿĺݾһҧ߶ʮһǿпǺ嫵ֱӳ
ţܹͨ飬ӵΪ޷
ԭƽִز֮£ǷɿӿǰѾͨؾ֮С
һΣľƢãǺ嫵ԴԴϵس֮£ɹĽƶ֮С
һʼͬǰǰܿٴηɢ̶ӵиӿС
ۿƾǿ֮ʱǼޱȡ
ֻǣ⼤ֻһ˲֮䣬ʱһǿҵʹȫ漴Ĵԡ
ûüӦڵʱ׻Ǻ嫵ͬͷӬһ㣬ĴҴܡ
һڹ̵Ѫ޷ƵشӺͷӿ˲Ⱦؽ
һʣоӡ
ֻѪ֮ʱȫҵس鶯һ˲˱ʧȥ֪ڴϲʡ£κηӦ
ڴʱӲûˣ˿˿ޱǱҵģȻһ
ܿ죬һƬž
Ҳ֪˶ãֱһͶ˽ӷ΢΢ζ£֮һ˻ƵţỺصƤжʱ¶һ˿ã֮ɫ
΢֮󣬶ʱеȫޱȵʹ˲䣬ǰ¸Ժ֮С
ʲô£úõôȥɻš
˭֪ո֪꣬ӺηǴһߡ
ԼѵԼ𣿡
һвһæȥﲢûκӰܵŴҲǽرš
ΪԼþ֮ʱǵٴ
һΣУʮʵĻþ
ÿˣôҲҵġ
˭оɲȳ
ʲôҾʶֻҪţȻܹü󺰴УĪ˰㵱ɷӣ
ԣһʶ
Ȼһһ֮ǰѹԸͷٴθԺС
ݷܹӵ뷨ֻ˵㻹ǺܱôͲµҡ
Ļͷһ̶˵㣡


44 
ᲢĻ㷴Ӧֻһʵ̫죬ʹԴʱЩ
ʱ˵ܾ𣿡
˵ƭˣ˭֪Լ˸󣬶ܼ򶨰ɡ
Ƕ˵⸱壬˵ǸͻȻֵԭȵˡ
Ҳ޼ɹٹ
ǿסԼЩҵ˼᷽ų˵㣬ϴȺ̿͵ʱҲ־ǣ𣿡
ԣȻ˵ҲǾǣֻǱЩϰĴ̿ʹˣ˵Īĳ裬ұֽǡ
㲻ǡ˵Ѿˣڵ
⻰ֻ˵һ룬Ͻͣ
ֻǣȴǸո˵ֻҪһ£Ϥ
ԣû˵꣬˼ֻɲ˵˵ȷʵˣΪλ־棬ҲǺ
£˵ЩȻδֹһҶԣһưҲùҵͷ
⡭ѡĻҲ㡣˵
ûлݵ٣Ͼ½֪ðƻֻԼһˣӲҪ˵еڶˣҲֻˡ
Ƶŭߣһһûˣ㾹⸱塣
ˣ᲻Ե˵
֪ǰΪ³çúõһѾױˡ˵ʱԱüΪͳȻǿѹŻ
᲻ʵ⻰ô˵ƺҲûʲôɣ
֪ıȻ֪½ߣһֻܴͨһδ˵˴ͨڶ˵ȫͨġ
Ļ᲻ɾ
Щͨķ֮㷢ԼڵİֻͨһԭΪΪǰЩӱȺ̿ʹ˵Եʣʹڵľ
ˣŻỨѽһµʱ䣬ס޴ʹȫͨܵˣӦþŲʲô
˭֪ȴǵóһ𰸳뵽ԭ
ȻĳеΪ𾪣£ĵԼ塣
ôĹܹӴµȴ˸֪ԼѾϣܹܵ˵ġ
ǣἱæѯ
һŭĽͣĶ֮˶ʱ
ԭԪ½ϵͬһ˵崢ޣǿźܹͨǿһֻͨһ㹻ˡ
½ÿԼĶķЩķͬǽֻͨһ֮ϵģһͨ˵ڶôЩķȫϣ͸˵ȫͨˡ
ȻÿڷֲӴľֻаܹľ
ߴͨеһҲ;߽е·ߡ
壬ԭͨǰе
Ҳǰ֮Ϊǿ֮һһǵ
޼ɹǷֱ͵ǿ
֮Դͨ߻ȴͨһǿ󣬱Ϊضǹᴩҹĵǵ崢ĵط
ȻҪͨضеһѶҪȴͨʮٱ
ԣ޼ɹһֱվڴ½Ķ⣬Ϊؼڡ
֮ǰ֪ЩټǰЩ书ؼУŲͬ·ߵķΪܹȫܱͨøǿ
˭뵽Ľء
ĽͣԪ½ֻڴͨһĻϲûеģΪһӵϵ·ߣת֮ʱпֲܷճɵĽָӣͬǰǰ㣬ǿпʧȥƣĴҴܡ
ıʧȥʶӶʹܹƿ壬ʱֹҴֻܵʱѾǺ嫵ˡ
ĽͣҲһ¡
ֻǣѹǣΪԼ֪³çȻԼ޷һⱲԶֻһͣ
֮ʱǿ˵ȱɥҺú룬а취Ҳ˵
һʱϲֻдΪ֡
˵ǿռҲɱ֣ΪҪԼ
룬Ȼ޲ıֻ֪˵֪һк޹أ˵ҲԹԼ̫żҲ³
ô˵ɻʵ
ĬƬ̣˵ӦҲ֪Һи֮ԼһսҺʤ֮ص޼ɹұ㿪ʼչؿޣϣܹ󳹵״ݡ
£ͻȻ̾˿˵˭֪̫ļʱ⣬ߣ˼ҵľӶԡ
ƺѾ˸ţƺΪʱ⣬ʱ֣ռ塣
̶˵ò龭±ˣΪλ֣Ҳĳ֣ѳȥҲẦ㣬Էġ
ֻǣͣºͻȻһһ˵ȻѾΪңôҾ֣
ǵģ޼ɹٹ½˫֮һ
ӵѰ޷ӵеʵҲӵͬĽ
˿Ѿ޷ĿȨԼܻ
ԣҪᣬٴ½Ϊ֮Ҫǣûǣݻи֮Լ
ǲسŵȴǿɣΪڵ
ˣ뾡µʱսҲù㹶͵Ļš
ֻǣȴˣѾƿص˵ģԸ޷κ顣
ԸǷĻĻԹԵȥԼǸδ֪
ȻǷܹǸ⣬˵һЩȻǹˡ
˵Ƿ󣬱㲻ٳĵ׺òһ˿Ӧ
֮Ҳֻεķ
ڴϣһգգضӵ컨壬˼һƬҡ


45 ˼·
Ӹղѵ˿̣ҲŶ̶һյĹ򣬿ɾһյʱ䣬ȴǷ췭ظر仯
ӦȥȻţһĴС
Ҳǣ⸱ӵȫͬꡣ
˹龰ʵڷ˼ֻƬ½ϣûܹһĽ͡
ⲢǹؼΪؼĻ
ûƭĻôӽ㳹׵׵سΪһ޷ķˡ
ǲҪĽ
˿̣аԼðԼçײҲڵľ档
һͨ˼֮Ҳǻ˯˹ȥ
ٴ֮ʱֻԭ͵ƺָЩ
ʱպᣬһƣģɹеʵᣬʲô飬⸱⸱ģ
ڴϣ˿̵ЩĲɣȻϻǰһλ
һʱȴǲ֪ôش
ѵΪԼڰȫͨճ˲ӣԼЩ
΢΢̾˿¶һȿ޻ѿЦݣͳ˵û¡
ⷬһɫ԰׵ģ˵ǲǰƻδȬҪȥҴ㿴
ԣæֹ
ʱͷԺٴ
ʱޱȣæĵʵǲѾҵ˽
˵ûУ
һɴʧ˵ѵûа취𣿡
û˵ΪǶϷЩɶ͵Ľᾧ׿ȺҪһʺҲһһϦ顣
һֱĬɵĵغᣬûҿһȥҴɣ
ֹ˭֪ͻȻ˵
ôʶɻʵ
˵ˣһл֪ģǰ㱻Ǵ֮̿ʱǰܲ㵲һЩѣȴֵҡ
˵£ǴδἰҲδ߹
˿է֮£᲻ɿźһеģǼΪж
ദ˴꣬˴˸Ҳǲ˵ܲĴʱ˾
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ңһȻȣô֪ԼݣȻὫ͸¶ȥ
ᲢûдȫȫĽֻǸ֪ΪͻȻʧȥ˼䡣Բ֪ԼݣӵѰ޷ȼΪȴģѾʧ䡱˵á
ǰֻʮ´̿ͣԼҲ֪ʲô顣
Ϊ˲ӣײػظ䣬Ҳ֪ǰڶԸʮ̿ʱ
һͣҲЩ㵡
һתۣǸޱȡ
˵ǣϽЩ˵һΡ
Լǰһ֣ٽ֮ǰ飬Ȼ
Ҫй¶ȥпҵ׷ɱæؿڱ֤
֮΢΢̾˿鼫ȿ֮£ɴϢ
˹գڵ㳹׸ԭʱʱʱĳ֣Խ¡
ҲʱʱѯǷлָ䣬⵽ЩЦá
İ֮£ҲָһЩϵ⣬ʹ˷ܲѡ
ӵΪḻȻǳ˿ȣָ˵Ȼ׾٣ǿָǳ
һգڴϣŽűߵС˯в̾˿漴˵ôˣ㻹û޷İ취𣿡
Ƭ֮ǳԺУЩ˼ֻһģͷҪʵʩȴûκͷ
һ˵˲ӴԾΪȣ˯С´ȥ
һͨСҲ˲ڷԼ´󣬶ʱض󺰴
ͬʱԲСҲһҡһڵϴһؿᡣ
ȥһ˯ľȥڿûպ档ֽСӵߣ̶С޵СںԼС֮󣬲ɾɥһߣ
Դˣ޶ã˿۾ݡ
Щӣÿնڿ˼νϰͨ⡣
ϵؼܹӾ׼ƿЩڽ뾭֮ʱܹԸж
ڵİѾȫͨѾ˶֣޷ıġ
ڵɴڣһֻҪܹҵķ
Ԫ½ӹĸķǽֻͨһĻϣⲢζŰȫͨ޷
ҲŸ룬ţ˶ǲ뷨ġ
Ҫν⣬ĵĵطδ
Ľ֮Ҳüͷ
ЩĽҲһ˽⣬ȻǺܻȴҲܹ˼
ͷ˼һᣬ˼ת֪˶ãͻȻд󺰵а취
㣿һͨˣʲô취ѽʵ
ἱ˵ȵȣ˼·취С
ûгԣҲᵽʲô
Ȼ˽ʮޣ˶뷨ʱҲи벻Ľ
Щʱ㽫˼˳ܹ뷨Ҳǵһʱ˵뷨
Ƭ̣Щ˵뷨ǵΪӹԽδ
ȱȣңǷУἱ͵ʵ
ԣǳ˼̶˵ķȷʵɹĿԼ󣬲漰Ķʮָӣ⼸úһʱ֪ǷС
ô˵ҲǴΪˡ
֮ǸЩȻʶѣľڣҲһ
δһʱ䣬֣һΪָܹһҲΪ˺úоղķǷС
鷳ƺ˽չǰЩӵҲԻָЩ
Ӵã㵽ߣʿ


46 ̽
֪Ᾱٴߵϴ͵һɻסĵط
һкϴβͬ˿̵Ժ壬δڴˡ
ԴҲΪ⣬Ͼϴǳɱ֮ԸҲǽ˽䱸״̬֮УȻлܿճʱϢ
Ҫ뿪˴֮ʱͻȻоһľϮ
д󾪣еһӦд̿͡
ֻǣδ˼üӦǵľѾɿԡ
֪ΪΣ徹ʶ΢΢һƫľ˲·Խ
漴һɻ𣬽ţ㿴˵ĿȻԼҵĻͷ塣
ЩԵؿ壬ΪζԼ֡
˭֪ûῪ˵жͣһȭ˹
аŭҲҴ⣬峯ȭæǱӴܡ
Ҳ֪ǷܺãȻܹ㿪ӵнΪǹȻǶܵģʵ̫Ǳ
ڼǱӴܵӣҲһ˿𾪺Ի
ղֻԭֻǴ̽һᡣ
һΣڽ似֮ʱǱ᲻ԾʩչĶһ
ڽͻȻٴᣬ̲ס̽һ
˿̣ǱӴܵģɻ֮ɫŨȴҲûٴγ֡
ͣ¶ŭʲô
ŭҡҡͷʵ޷ǰᣬز¶ĸϵ
ղĶȻЩǱȴʵʵڵضԼĽ
Ҫ֪ΪߵֻóɵҲͨ˿Ӧġ
ǣȴʼûзаڣʮԻ󲻽⡣
֣ѵҵĴأš
̬ȸͷԣĪ͵ϮǸߣǳջҲŭ˵ؽͷ㵽ʲôΪʲôԵ޹ʶҳ֣
عϸᣬЦЦ˵һ˹ģһΪд̿ʹ˽
ĻشʮֲҲ֪ǰһﲻǣֻ˵Ȼû£ˡ
ϣת뿪ɲȥһͻȻ֣СɳŲ¡
Ƶ뿪֮ʱԶ̻һ䰵֮С
һվ䣬޷ʵĿ
ǰվһߣһλӷ׵ӡ
̻߱Ľƹ
Դϴκ֮Ϯ¼Ѿһ¡
ʱĽƹѾƵƺƽøֻǵ˵ǺãµѾ˴룬ԼҵĲҵûܵʲôʵԵĴ
Ľƹ԰꣬ѾõϢˣԼҵжܿͻչʮƽ
ʱĽƹɷһ˿ϲ⣬æѯʵʹߣʱգ㻹͸¶һ𣿡
ӳĬƬ̣ŵ˵ɻǵõ˴̿ͳͬʱϮ
Ľƹ˵ͷȻ֪ЩһֱΪ˵ľٶ̫³çŻᵼ̻ٲѡ
ƺĽƹ˼̶Ц˵ĽƹǷɻΪҵô˿˵аҵж޴ɣ
Ľƹʱ亹͵ʹߣС϶ô뷨ʹˡ
һԵϰ壬ƺ˺ӻлɺʵʹߴ
бۿ˶һ̶ۣ˵μƻĹؼ⣬ȻһǶˣҲ⼸ˣźܿͻᴫϢ
ʲôƻʹ˵Ƕ˺Ϳˡϰʮֲڡ
赶ɱˣ
赶ɱˣϰʸף˭֪Ǻ˵仰󣬱ɿʧںڰ֮С
źϢȥϰĽƹ໥һۡ
ִ£Ǹô죿ʲô赶ɱˣʲô˼ĽƹЦʵ
ϰ۾гһֱߣ˼Ƭ֮󣬷˵µҲֻԣϣʧ
ܿģ֮ٴλָ
Ȼ֪ԼҼı
ڱĪһ͵Ϯ֮Ҳû˼й顣
֮󣬸ӼᶨԼͷֻеԼǿŲᱻ˵ӡ
һһеССͷ۸ͷϡ
⻹ûж⣬ֻ֮ܲ߻Ǹδ֪
һ·᲻֪ƽʱһ˾ۼСԺ֮С
СԺԼרƽϾ֮࣬ṩϢĳ
Ժʱ㿴ԺѾʮˣ̧ȥֶƽպϵһЩˡ
УѾҲȻڴˡ
ᵽ¶һЦݣ˵磡
Цŵ˵ͷ̶һԵʵСӣȥɻ²ͷָͷ𣿡
ٺЦ̶˵㲻֪ԴѧЩҸɻٶȱƽտ࣬ǲͷҴһ٣ⲻҷ˸١
˵ţ¶˸ı顣
ԣЦЦЩƣԼçײ£ҲᵽԾ޷
ֻЩ취ܹ
ʱǱߵһȥҲֻýЩͷѹȥ̶һУʹһ
ԼʱıʮۣƽմУԺױõ˴󲿷˵ͬ
˿ʮΧһҲʮҡ
ǰµ飬ҲԸд
˶֪װһЩϡŹֵͷԴ˿̼ڳ׷׳ԣҽ¡
ʵֲ˵飬ֻεشӦ
ʱͻȻٺЦᣬҪǽϴǸƷҶĹ°ɣ֪佫󣬵û¡
ƽոĴ󲿷ֶдͯ£żһЩ־¡
ЩҲܺСӣЩͬˣȻ֪Щûʲô
ϴΣҲ֪˭Ӳ֮£ѳζǣ㽫ϿһƷҶС˵
ȻΪͬһִݷ漰ִģͷ档
˵һɶԴ󽵵ͣȴԾԸ󲿷ˡ
Ͼ⡶ƷҶ˹ݺһǸˣȻ淢һЩҵĹ
˿ЦЦҲͼ˽佫Ĺ
˵˼ҲǽĹò˵Ȿ켫һʱС˵ȴʮ־䡣
㵽磬˳У԰Ρ
˿̵ľȴǺǲͬ˵ĲǵֻǸ£顣
֪صҲΨϵĶԻһ˼֮顣


47 ²
ᵱʱ⡶ƷҶʮԣͷβݶ˺ü飬ԶڣȻȻء
˿̽Ȼûʲôͣ١
ϸע⵽Ļᷢ˿̵ʮ䣬Ÿָĸ
ʵŹݵ룬·˹ϣԼӰһ㡣
˵һĪԽˣͬһ˼е˼Ҷ
Ҷͺ͹żĲͬ
пĵط
ǽһֱڸ˷δطŹᡣ
漴˿ʼһһ
ǺЦһԣ廰
ͻȻ֪˭ͻȻ˸ͷ˾ǽ֮ǰڴһߵ顣
ǣʮְԵؿʼ²
ġƷҶ֮󣬸ǰԲ룬᲻һӵűûеı¡
Щ˵Ĳ²⣬Цѡ
һԵҲʮȻ֪ȷʵһˡ
֮ǰӦ͸¶ȻҲؿƿ
Ҳûв˵Ĳ²⣬һͷЦʱʱἷüŪۡ
ֵģҲΡ
ʱһһѾ˵汾
˲֪ĵ˵Ϣ˵۹ҵؼҼĵճƾһǰδ顣
ƾ͸ʮȴѾΪǿߡ
۹ڣֻҲҲͬˡ
ȻƾֻߣȴиؼɽңǱΪ۹ľذңǳѾõǿߡ
ıƾȻ˿Աȼ
˶ڴȤᣬ˵ǲǾƾֻԸ䵱ˣĿȻҲѧӽС㣬󱧵˹顣
һ˼˵ҡͷ˵˵ƾĿ࣬ûһɷǰںƵ۹һս֮УǶսƵ۹Ľߣȫͽնɱɼ׺̶ȡ⸱ӣôƾء
껰һ䣬˾
ȴ˷Ҳ˵˵ʵ濴ʵϿǸĴ
ֻǣ⻰˵꣬Լ̲סЦ˵ˡ
˵ףдкգæֹ˵ĺ¡
ҪǸѾͷ֪ˣָΪʲôϲ˼һǿɾͲˡ
˲ᣬǼȻĲ²
Σֻʵ˵ʵǲ֪ҵݱ޼ɹٹ
˻һɫһ㶡ܿأ˼̶Ц
ǽǿŵЦᣬҪݡ
껰һ˵˸ǺôЦ
СҲЦա
ῴ˵ķӦҲǺЦΪ⡣
֮Թô˵Ȼ֪Щ˲ĿľҪɢע⡣
ʱǽͻȻӵϴ˹ȥд󺰵ҪҼС㣬ҡݡһȭ
곯ǴЦһغúãһսҲʤնҪܡ
˵ţֱ̧㵲ס˽ȭͷ
ֻỹûüˣһ̡顱һһֻȭͷƫôļ֮ϡ
ԭʮᣬΪױܿһȭ˭֪ԼǱʵʵشˡ
ȻֻǿЦϲû϶Ҳûܵκˡ
֮ȴڵ
ô᲻š
˲ûзǼ
Ҳֻýеɻѹ
ֱɫ˲ֹͣЦ֣ǻصԼ
֮ǰɻٴ
˿̣ԾڻŸղŽһȭ
˵һȭ˵á෴ûһȭȥ˿ûκвԣϣǸƵģʹ
ڽ֮ǰոպ档
Īض֣Щ첻֪ΪΣȴܱܵıܿĽ
һʼᲢΪ⣬ͽƵĽ֣޷ܿȭͷв졣
ߵ͵ϮܹܿûĽĽ޷ܡ
⾿ô£˼⡣
ʱԺȴһѾõ
㲻ɻδκ֮ǰǽߣֻΪ徭ǧʶķӦ
˵˳ָκιԣȻģûκвԵĹκηӦ
ĻشõȻ򣬲ĳ֣˲㽫һɻ֮Ժ
ЩеʵǰǸ취оû
Ҳϻֱ˵Ǹ飬Щϸ£ȷʵֻǴӹû˳ԹѾķʩȥΣճ̶ȼߣҲܱ֤һɹ
漴üͷ˼
״Ҳȥ
ֻɫһһף˭ܿš
Ҳ֪˶ãͻȻɫһ쳤س˿
ܹҲʱ򿪿ڴŵգ˵ˣ
ˣҶҪһԣΣҶҪѧᶨ˵
Ѿѹδ˳Թ̺ΣղԤƣǾðһԡ
⵹쳣ִţֻԸʮԸôãܹպʱᷢΣˡ
Ȼˣβðһԣһɹˣպܹ½վסŸ
һʧˣԣȻҲ׿ȥġ
˾ҲǰԵͷ˵벻ݾģҵСˣģⷽģȻʮ˽⣬ԻţΣȻ󽵵ͣʧܣܹȫһ
ҲǴϲ֤ⷬͬ˸裬Ӽᶨľġ
ңȲ˵
ǣ㽫Щİ취ޱظᣬ֮ǴΪ档
иǰеš
ֻһӣ̶̼㱻ϸ
ܹķɹ
ôպĳɾͽԶԶԽڵ
һ˵ڴ


48 һ޶
ʵԴΪԼĲçײǿг忪֮һֱڿ˼ڤŽ֮
ǸţȻĽ
Ȼ½ӹδ˵˴ͨ˵ǰˣǰδŵġ
ԸעʹԴС
⸱Ѿܻ
κһŶǽģһϺͽǰô΢΢
ԣǰ˿뵽ģͬǰ飬δؾͰ첻
ǸţϾС˼ά˼ʮоԡԿ˼ȴ޷ѵķ
½ƶͨϵΪ
ͨȻ޷סЩض·
뷨μǿĿƣܹĿƽָľ֮Уʼղ䷨
գһ֮ȴͻ룬˸ȫ෴
Ļ˵Ȼ޷ЩǺβ΢ͨһ£ɿưﵽͨδزһвͨķ
ǵģ󵨵뷨ǣӹķתȥư
ͨôȥưıպϡ
ֻҪõʱŽһ·ڴ򿪣ߣһܹﵽѰһЧ
Ҳᣬ½κһˣֻ޷˷ͷ
ǴԽߣӴ绹һ꣬˼άǰ㣬ܵ
;ԭ֮ţñˮ⾭ṩͨ
Ǵͨͺˮͷһԭȫͨ仰˵͵ͬеˮͷȫ򿪡
һˮȻ޷Լ˼ָһȫ
ôĻֻ轫߸ˮͷرգȻҲܹﵽĿˡ
Ȼ֪Լ뷨ж
֪ĻָᳰЦǸӣ쿪
ͬţо仰źͷֻһ֮Ҳ֤֮иͬԣǾǷ
ټݺʵҲʮַḻ
뷨֮ͻȻֲĸо
ھЩӵϸã󷽲
ķеĻôһĺôǱպķپһ
½һֻͨһҲζÿ·ʮ
ţȥķֻһҲ޷쵽ġ
֮޼ɹķͬС
ܹκαպϣôƬ½ϵκһķ
ܣδܹᳵ·ļԦϤ½ķ֮󣬻ʱܹԴһԼķǽ½һ޶ķ
ֶһ޶ķϰص㣬ɾȻޱȡ
Ȼ˿ЩȻ磬ҪĻҪܹѧƿذķ
ܿ죬㽫ԼЩ˼ڤİ취һһʮؽȻҲʮ˷ܡ
ٴҪưѶȣҪȴͨϰٱǧҪǾʹ
ȻѾԣȻûκͷ
ִţҲˮῪʼԿƵһ
ϥһ˼֮ܿС
ķʵ˵ӣΪʱ쳣Ӵ󣬶ķѹǰʹܹ֮ԼԸʱԵıպ
Ȼ˵Ǽ򵥣ֻ֪ⷽжôѡ
˼Σÿȫպʱһ׶ĵʹʹϢڡ
ʹȷʵͬԣ𵱳һͨʱܵʹҪǧٱ
ңֻҪԲ⣬ڵٴλ
üΣᶼ˶ڹȥ֮ܵһʱĿȨƾǿߵķḻ飬һδεؽرԵ
ҲΪķΨֻܹ
ˣڳܲסɹǵ׶ʹ»Ժڶƺ
ֻ²һͻ߶һغ˰ɡ
ʹļ֮£ܿȥˣû˿չȴδйͷһδŬԣһδʹĻڡ
֮󣬶˵һµĳ̡
죬ִź;ǿıҲЩĿ࿴
Ҳ޷֪ܵʹ˿еȻܸͬܡ
һˣֻͻ㻻Լ˵޷ȥ֪Լܲ񣬱ϾǷУǸδ֪
ȴʼûбԹһ䣬ʼһһεҧš
ʵô֪뷨ʲô
ῴʹȵԼСҪ
ǰεʮҪȥû㹻ǾԲеġ
ҲûȻúúõģϵ磬ûԶֻΪһˣһ֮
˵Ҳֻ⿣ЩʶҲ˶ʳҪ󲢲ôߣܹȫµ˶޲ڵĿɿʳڱɲǸݵͼĳӡ
Ҫﵽȫ¶ʶĳ̶ȣֻ»óһʱ䣬ʱͱ취úûȥȻѵı;ˡ
ʱδزǺ£ܹ̿յһʹδܹĻر˭ܹ˵ء
죬ǿھľʹŬҪסǰ
ֻȴǿֹ
Щ֮ʱǳ˼Ƭ֮ͻȻ˵ǻһҪһʼͳԿưŽһסϤ֮ӣһЩ
ԣɻȻ򣬲´ȣ԰ôôȻû뵽ϡ
ϣٴοʼ
˵ǰһҪưȵ컹ѣôֻһѶҲ֮࣬Ҳֻͽֵɽǰˡ
Ȼڳ˵ʮѣҲеϣ
زԼӴ
Щ㣬ԼԼϵĳԣڲЩѾᳵ·ˡ
ܿ㽫ȫۼϣ׼һֵĳԡ


49 ͨ
ΣѡĿǰеͨ
ͨ徭Ѫһ磬Ǵͷţᴩȫһ
һߣٶҪ˽ࡣ
ҪΪͨˣʵҪǿ
ôֱ͵޼ɹҲͲܳƵǵˡ
͵Щ΢ͬϵ߱ʮϡУ֮УҲΨ޼ɹֱϵ
֮⣬½طϰá
ˣ޼ɹȴܹǧһֱڶλãɴ˿ɼ͵ߣŶôǿʵ
ͨȻһʼٶ죬Ҳһ⣬ǵкڣͬȾһߣӳʵҪͨøǿ
ԽǿԽԡ
ҲˣͨĴ½ϣһȱΪõһߡ
ֱǧǰôһλͨȱĳִӶһٸıͨڴ½ϵελ
ݼأλȱΪ֮һȺϵǿ߽֣ԲҰܸա
ǣλȱʹ¾ģʮʱ䣬Լʵķ
ȻΪѾֵزҪȻǲܵ顣
ԣλȱΣƳһֻܹͨ
Ķ̺㣬ɭпɷΪ󷨡İ󲿷֡
꣬һ˴½𶯡ǶԳ̬ȡ
ֱλȱƾսʤЩǿߣ˵ע⡣
ȱΪνľڴЩǿ֮Ծ㽫Լĵӡ
֮󣬾˵Ŭ½֮Ѿûκ˸Сͨˡ
˵ֻҪܹƿסͨô˵ҪԼһЩ
ȻЩԴҲֻһ֪⣬ûõķ֮ǰֻķ
ޱӴĲٿ֮£ͨʼ
Ӵһо岻ԴѾϰΪᲢ⡣
˿î˾ʼֲͨܣʼѹͨ
ֻһ˲䣬ܹظܵӴѹͨ˺ѷεʹ
ھĴݲУҲЩӦʹǿŲϳ鴤壬Ǻ嫵ʼһؼѹͨ
νʮ־ܵĴڣֻҪвʮֲصĺò˵뷨Ŷô񣬶ô󵨡
˿̣Ȼƿ⸱壬ȴʮרעעһһ
Ҳͬһ֮У޾ʹʮشﵽ
ǿߣԷǳˣܹʮ侲˼һһεع۲׼֧Ųסĵһʱ⸱塣
ǿͣؼѹţоԼѾҪﵽޣǿͨȴ˿δҲ̲סһ󽹼
ʱᲢûдͣǷݾǿ촽ҧһӡһѪ˳ǻ䡣
ɷسͨЩӵĲݣʹƿس̶ѾһĻ򣬾ӴԾһڼѹ֮ͨʱܿƵʧа˳ҵԾĲٿ֮£ԴԴϵسͨ
ʱţѾˮʪ
ʱûڣڳĻ֣ᷢ˿ɫΪ԰ףڴϵǲͣز
ɴ˿ɼ˿Ŷʹ
һԹ۲ţҲ̲ס̾Ȼһ֪⣬ִţƽ֮ͬ£ܹΪһԼǿߡ
ֻǣһҲֻͻпѣ޷ŵܹͻƵļôպҲֻܳΪһͨ˶ѡ
뵽ˣעҲǷ⼯С
ʱǺ嫵ͣȫ֮£ϵʹԽء
ָоѾʲô壬ɹܹݵġ
һ˲䣬лţôȥҲĥ
ᶼ̲סɼ˿ܵʹжô޴
֧Ųס֮ʱǼ쳣ͨƺһ˿ϸ΢ɶ
˿ﻹܹõһԵȴǵһʱĲ׽˿仯
⸱Ϥ̶ȣֻµֺܼǴ˿ᣬ޷ȼ
ڸոһ̣ѾԺԵĸܵǰͨ˵ͨڣСһ㡣
һССı仯ȴ޷Ƶĳ鴤ǿƾľʹ֮ǰҪǿҼʮ
ֻһ˲䣬޷Ƶʹʶǲ̲סֱӻڹȥ
죡ףͨѾ˱仯ǧҪһܳɹˡʱԺдᡣ
һԼѣỹĴʹ˷һֻ½Ṧһ
ѣжʱϲ̶ŬԼǣԼʧȥʶûмϵزʼѹ
أǿ̵ͨ᲻иŬ֮£˽ΪԵı仯
ѾһĵˮܵĻôڵͺñ֮ˮ˿嫵ƴļѹ֮£Ǽ̵ˮܿڣӲıѹ±պ
Ȼһ˵ֱ۱ѹΣĽʹ
˵Ǵڲ쳣еľˡ
ʹ֮⣬ֻ޷ݵġ
ڵͨӴѹ£һϣʶѾģ״ֻ̬ִϼʹûзƾǱʶϲһĳš
أͨڴԴԴϵѹ֮£ȫպ
ͨȫѹɹպ֮Ѿʧȥ֪
ʧȥ֪һ˲䣬˼άǵһʱס⸱塣
ʮרעŲѹЩҵֱãŽЩ˳ʹ֮¹ƽ
ǰѹϵͨٴſ
ûие⣬ǳس˿
γɹľ飬ôպֻڷ˳ԼΣ׵ؿͨʹ֮Ըźϡ
ϸع۲һ֮岢ûвκεĲ֢״ȷǰ뷨ȷʵС
뵽⣬Ҳ̲סЩ˷ܣʼڴڴѧ˿ưķ֮󣬽Ƭ½ĳ
Ȼһжǻе˿֪ġ


50 
ڶգӻ֮ʼԼ壬Լڵľͬǰһûκα仯²һ
ͬʱﲻɰѵʧˣ
ǣæ˳ʸ
һ֣㽫ջں˵һ飬ҸڵͨѾԳɹɿơ
Ҳζǰİ취ȷʵС
ڵ֪ԼȷʵѾɹס̲֮ͨסпϲ
ȴϤ¿ƾķֻҪ̲ס񺰼
ǿѹĵϲãῪʼķٴγżѹͨ
ΪѾ˵һεĳɹ飬ڶγԣȻȵһҪСöࡣ
Ȼڼ仹ǰһʹڵһ˵ʹֱǴ׼Сס
һΣֻ˶̶̼ʱ䣬ɹĽͨٴαպ
˷˴죬ܹؿסͨźϣŴ࣬ǱպϾʹҲ𽥼ᣬоʹ
ֱʱֹ᷽ͣ˼ԡ
˿ס˿ͨķ˵õĿʼѲ㡣
õĿ϶Ǹ˲ѣϾһγɹôܹһ󲽡
ֻҪŬԼȻɹġ
ԭʤ׷һȴҪ֮ʱպҲֻʱա
ݺ󣬼ţЦ˵磬С㡣
Сңʲô𣿡ʵ
Ҳ֪㻹ǿȥɣҡҡͷ˵
ԣǵ˵ͷһͬ뿪ӡ
ܿģĹ뷿棬һţСﳯ˶
ҲûþȣһѽӹСԲ壬ǰϸ£СһЩչ֮£ֺСƺøӹԲһǹʮ
⣬̲סҡͷЦһĴܣһ㶼ʡġ
СֱӽĳӶй˵ؽͣŽ
ӺСԴǹȾҲ̲סЩζ
ƽûٿС˵ԴԸСＸʱ䶼չˡ
СһÿμᣬǻὫһԣľٶλĴСʮƲѡ
֣Ҳֹͣ˺СĴ֡
С㣬˵ңʲô𣿡Цʵ
ԣʰ΢ת˵ģٹգҪӭһλʮĿˣϣʱܹ³˰һʢļȣ
Ϊ£һ̶ЦкѣС£ֻҪС˷ԸһǣʱȻܹλ⡣
ĳҲʮģŵⷬҲΪ⣬˵ͷ˵˱ã㿴Ҫ׼ʲôϣһԸϹܼҽĶȫ׼ã㡣
˵֣أȴǶλ˸е
ʲôĿˣҪԼʢд
Լں֮ڵĵλȻʵһЩʢңƺҲûҪ˿ֺá
룬᲻ɺʵС㣬ʲôĿˣҪصĿ
ҡҡͷ˵ҲǺǸ׵ķԸֻ˵λƺǴӵ۶Ǳ߹ģ˵λڵ۶ʮԴ˴ر֤Ҫκβ
һҲȻյϵ˵ÿλٰѹƽҪ˿ֺá
Щ飬Ҳȥ⣬˵һȶѡԸĹҪȻǺ
˵ȥԸһߣֻһٸ˵޷һļȣḻľ飬
οԪ½϶ʳҪ󲢲ߣЩ򵥵ͨСˣֻҲ𾪲ѡ
һ㣬ڴǰԼҽϱȷ
ڵ֪λͽִﺣ֮ǣҲͲȥæ
ΪķԸԽʱ䣬ԺذԼʱ䡣
ȻŹõĻᣬʱἸ㲻һͷ˺ҵ֮С
Ȼ˵ʵףʱ䣬ÿնҪ͵ʹͣسԿ
˵һγɹľ飬֮Ҫࡣ
ͨɹֻ֮һʱ䣬ɹĽһ׿סˡ
ʵΪѾܹסͨźϣڳ֮ʱһСͨպ֮󣬴ӶԴмѹ
һ軨ѵҪࡣ
һʵ⣬һ£ԺڰͨҲζڵһתٷֱŰͨܵĽ
ѾܹɹסһôҲ˵ͨΪɴ軨ڿľȻ࣬ܿƶʧҲǴ١
˳ֻһĹܹɹص׿ס˵ڶ
Ҳǰ֮һߣעСڱҪЩ
ʵ͵Ϊ֮⣬ҲǸɫ
Щ˵ûʲôƣΪĿǰޣһɹͬʱܹκһķӶﵽศɣȱĵز
ĳɹպĳɾͽǵһ˵ĵز
ȻҪܵʹ࣬ǳġ
γɹľ飬ʣȻҪ֮ǰΪɡ
ʱ䣬ѾɹĵؿסΨʣ͵
ѾܹᣬڽضҲʮġ
ϾֻҪת֮ʱȫպʱֳֻһС񣬱ܹ׵ؿסһѹ
һʼ᳢Կͨʱ˵ɰٱˡ
ۿձԼӭӹ͵ӣҲֻʱֹͣͷϵ顣
˲ҹҲἫΪƣȻԼĳʮģỹǲҴ⡣
ô˺úϢһղ㹻ľĲ
գ˯һҹᣬԵøо
һ磬ҲǼҴҵҵҲϴߴ㡣
ӵӣȴΪ⣬ʵƽ飬ûҪŪ˽ţһӰ״̬


51 
⿼оᣬһ
ǾǣһõĳʦǿԽԼʳݸʳ͵ġ
Ҳ˵ֻбõ飬ôʳʳܹϲôԷ
˵Щȴʮᡣ
ǰһΣżȶӵʳù˿Ʒ֮󣬱һͨ
һʼ᲻ôһ£ʦľԽķḻҲеĵ
ʵ򵥵˵ʲô飬鼫ȶ֮ʱµЧҲ쳣⡣
Դĸ⿳ʳȻƽյҪࡣ
֮Լȡÿһ֮ʱԼ鱣ãҲΪˣĳմҲǽõ˵ʶ
ֻǣ⴩ԽƬ½֮ǰһж˵ҲֻܵһõĻ䡣
⼸׼ôˣ˵ﶼԼǲʲôѣһȲعʵ
ȴЩЦã˵⻹׼ʲôҪĶҲǶѾ˳ֻҪ׼ˣʱԶ֡
ô˵ֵصȻ֪ĳ˵ã˴θдĹͿɲһˣ˴⡣
һ֣εʼ磬̶˵İɣСֲûҵգһǹͳԵͷȥ
ͣ
˴ԲѣҲ̲סЦ
Ĵ֮£˳
˵ǹѾִﺣ֮ǵĽ⣬ƽѾಮӭֻ°ʱֱִܹԸ
ΪˣŻԼලᣬر֤κ©
֮УϹܼѾһ׼ֻԸ
ԴԸĵλ仯֮󣬳һ˶Դ̬Ҳżֺֿõζ
ΨֻҪǰϹܼңԴ֮ͬǰǰ㡣
⵹ЩĿ࿴
ԸôãȻҲ֪ͬϹܼҹϵһʼϹܼΪοȻ
ֻ׵ǣΪκᵽϴ·Ϲܼҷûڵѹˡ
ʹżɻʱʱῴȴʮģΪϹܼҶԴʱȶ
˿̣ϹܼҼǰǰǹ˸񣬼̶һ˿˵С㣬һѾķԸ׼ֻᶯ֣ǰЩ˶Ȼܹȫϡ
ԣ΢΢һЦ˵ˣϹܼҡ
С˿һжͷڵ顣Ϲܼɹ˵
˵꣬Ҳʼ׼硣
һˣҲ֮󣬷׷ɵض
վһԣؿһһ
ò˵һԼó˿ǱüΪרע
ģ˼
ֻһж֪ܵġ
רע׼֮£һʮһɫζȺܿˡ
ͷϸῴǰɫζȫļȣҲĵ˵ͷ
ʱҲǲ֪عȥ˴룬ۿѾӽʱպ˵ԼӭӵĹѾִ
ʱ֮ڣ̻Ǽ谵ķ֮С
˿̣ĽƹϰӶվǿģĺӣˡ
ʹߣµʱѾˣ֪֮ǰ˵ҪԼ޷жǷѾʼУֻʣһˣԼɷˮ໹ŽһλԵ۶ĴﱻƽӴԸ֮СĽƹЩĵ˵
һԵϰȻû˵ϵıǱ˿ĵطꡣ
ԣǵ˵İɣҹȻģѵǵ£һ춼Ȳ𣿡
˵꣬ӱٴʧ
ϰǺصӣдΪߣֻϱȴһЦеӡ
ĽƹԾһ硣
״ϰ岻ɰοĽƹ˵İɣȻǼһô˵˾ǶһʱԼûκζһǰһһ棬壬Ҳҡ
ĽƹԣǻǵҲ͸һɫ
˶һ֮󣬲Ц
ǻϵЦ쳹ľİ֮УԵøĹ졣
ʱԸȴһƬַǷƽȱѾԸ׼ԵƽӭӻظʱԼ½ǻȻһ¡
֮ϣƽɶԵ˵عԶĳѾ׼һعӽӷ磬ع
վƽԣһȻ֮ɫعӣҲǲΪص˵ͷ漴˵Լֻ˱֮ǰ£Լˡ
ǰֻܳΪ䣬ƽȴǲҴ⡣
ǴӸոսӴڣƽǰλԵ۶ؼҵǲԵ̬ȣǴΪ͡
˵ԣ۹ǿһʱؼܣȻǺ֮κһҿȵġ
ҵ䣬ֻ̬Ǻʹ˿̵ƽ졣
˵ΪߵһССĽߣ䱳ؼλ۹Ϊǿذҡ
ǰذҵĵϵӣɱߵƾֳ
˵ؼһĵϵֵܿν˭ҲСֵܡ
ƽƾеĿģǴǰȴǵ֪ε֮һĿıΪ˰ݷԼң˵۹λߵĿ͡
ƽȻǲҵ
ΣͬһͬģлĶʮԼؼҵĶʮӰ轣ʿ
۹ǵĴڡ
ңǻҵֱϵӣƽıǻҵİȫ
в֣ʮʵΪСһ֡
ʵĩλʮ˽ǽߣóһҪһĽ߻ǿϲ١
ҪǣЩ˸ͨȺվ֮ʮֶԵУܹӰٷ֮һٶʵ
ڸǶʮӰ轣ʿͬɽɣ֮ԱΪӰ轣ʿȺ˽óý
ʮǰ۹Ƶ۹߾ϣذұϰӰ轣ʿһǷԲĽԵֵƵ۹ȷ沿ӵļǧ
ŵʱĽ֣νݡ
Ƶ۹ǧذҺ°Ӱ轣ʿսһһҹȫߣΪ˵ʱδΪǿߵذ϶ദˣ°Ӱ轣ʿ֮
ʱ۹Ԯʱϵ˾ơ
ذµĽڷ֮ʱ콣Ӱͬѩһ㡣
Ӱ轣ʿҲ˵
ɴ˱֪Ӱ轣ʿʵε˵á


52 
һ֮£ƽҲǴƾϯ֮ϣʮӰ轣ʿǱಮкƫϢ
ܿģĴ֮£⿵ʮһɿڼǱһ
һֱδй仯ƾڿһδļ֮ʱҲһ˿֮ɫ
ǲƮζƾʳָ󶯡
һ仯ֻһ˲֮䣬ƾȻֻʮ֮䣬ؼҿԶ֮£ͬˣ˴ζγҲǰ
ֻƾɫʵԼЩǳԺ֣֮ƾԿ䣬ڵ۶֮Ҳ㳢ʳȴǴδӱĲȣҿʳָ󶯡
ŵƾⷬƽǸ˲ѣǺЦ˵ع֪ǰԸһո߳ĳӣЩȽǳ֡عȳζΣҪԺһΪ
ƾԣ˵ͷ˵רĵضԸϵʳ
ƽƾģǶһԵʹ˸ɫص˵ͷ漴㳯Ժȥ
ܿ죬ҵᡣ
ҲʵС㣬Ĳȿλ⣿
ԣһЦ˵İɣղҿλһļȣ˵㿪ʼͷأֻһʱǲҸˡ
ⷬЦ˵ǱˣұԻȥϢ˰ɣ
͵ɺЦذһۣȷʵû飬Ҳ˳˵ǺðɣҲһ죬ͷŹ㣬տɱ˸һղŵļȡҲŷ֣ͽȣҺСļֱʳ
˵ֱǿЦá
Ȼ֮ǰĲɫΪͨƬ½ʳҪôյУʳˡ
ʮǵûкȥֻۣæĵ뿪
ɵ׼̤Ժ֮ʱȴرˡ
ǰɱڵһ᲻һ㶣׷ʲô顣
ƺĶǸ˳Щ˵ʱǴоȡ
ǰЩ֮ǰҲǼǸƾһͬĻֻһЩʱĻʵȻȲƾЩӰ轣ʿ
ʱԸĴ֮ϣƾǷеĲ;ߣز̶ͣ˵Լлʢдλӵĳȴ۽䡣
ƽԣЦŵعˣعϲʱҸ͡
ƾһ˿ɫ̶ЦֻԼ޷ˡ
˶٣ƾ˵ԼѵͲ棬˴Ҵǰ֮ǵĿģ
ƽԣؿƾΪͻȻ˵£ֻв֪ΪͻȻһõͷ
ƽҲǼߴ˿ϲûб¶ʲôɫǵ˵Ըꡣ
¶һĨЦ⣬˵Լʵ˴רΪġ
ΪҶƽ΢س˵ȴҵ˼¡
ƽ¶裬ɫģ̶˵Լѵ֪Լʲô𣿡
ƽһ㶣вʢ˵ҲعӵĻ
ͻȻվӰ轣ʿ漴ǰ˰ķ˲ֱָƽ
ԼҼɫ䣬Ƿ׷׳ƽǰ
ԼǷ˱֮ǰȣ͵ظɱ٣ⷬȴ˵쳣
ƽⷬɫǱѿޱȣɲ˵ǺιʣԼ̣ؼĪǼٽ֮ͼԼҲҵ
һ˵ƽԼں֮ȻҴҵ󣬵ؼ۹֮һϡЩ
£̶˵ҲãұףǰЩӺ֮ǸϮ֮£ɻǵã
ƽΪ£ǽӿڴȻ֪ԼܵЩݲĴ̿ϮʧءѲɱΪЩ̿ĳɳģ
ȻһЦ˵Լ˼ϸܣƻ꣬Ҳаһ֮ʱ㣬Լҵʵں֮Σ
ع⻰ʲô˼ƽ
ҵ˼ѵΪεպ֮Ǹ̿ͽأԸȴֻ˼Լں֮ڵǺЩ̿Ͱйᣬܻգ˵
˵ţӹӰ轣ʿݹһĿ漴ӵϡ
Ǹղϯǰҵ´㷿ѳĿ¼Ƶ۹һЩףвһЩƵ۹ĸٹ̵㻹ʲôý͵ģؿƽ˵
ƽ׳ǱĿ֮ʱ
ƽ꾭̣˼Ȼʮϸ壬ʱ㽫˸͸
˿Լҵľٶ
ǰЩӺ֮ǵĴɱ¼Ϊ˶Ը
Щܹ̿ԼȻǺ£жʧܣɽ߼޻
һƣ
ԼҵʲôȻ˴ֱԸԼңƽвϲš
ǱĿƽ֪ν͡
һˣԼҼӪȻֲ㣬Ƶ۹ȻҲԼҵһЩҵȻ󣬵ȴʵʵڡ
Ǳ֮ãȴ֤ͨ
ƽǰɱڵһȺˣ֪˿ǰٿĪ磬˼νǰ棬ȴûϵԺһҺ
ƽɫһ䣬̶ŭ˵ؼС̫
״Ϊһ֣ʾӰ轣ʿ֣˵£Լ֮ˣ˾ɱԾ󻼡
Ӱ轣ʿ֮󣬶ʱһչг⳯ƽ߼˹ȥ
趯ӰЩ˻ᱻӰ轣ʿ
ʱԺ֮УɿȥЩų˲ƣǼֻҪ˸ɱ
㲻ЩΪͻȻ˷ƵĶ֣֪Ǻ֮ʱе裬һ˵쳣Լæ˺
õѣҲǻ飬˳ֱųȥ
ǡʱϹܼҲԺĶһ˳
ϹܼҲģۼЩԼС㶯֣˵㵲ǰŭȵʲôԸ
ЩϹܼҵĻδţɷ˵ὣϣһ̽Ϲܼҵؿڴ
ϹܼһЩƻĻĶ֡
һ鴤ȥ
Ҳ֪ϹܼͻȻֻµ徹סһͳĴȣһʹضẰߣС뿪


53 ֻʻ
Ϲܼң
ԸҵҵʮϹܼҾԼǰһ˲ӿȪ˻ѷεغ
һԵϹܼľٶҲǴо죬ͬжϹܼҵ壬֪˿̲ǶŮ鳤֮ʱΪ˲ϹܼҰװ᲻ɷ֣ǿǰųȥ
ʲôſңҪȥϹܼңͷŭ
֪ʮּҲûʱֻĮ˵죬ϹܼĿ͸ߡ
㡭˵ȳ⣬ϻԸˣһʱ侹޻ɲ
죬Ҳᣬæ뿪
ʱ治˵ĲҽҲζ
Щƽպϵклһ뵽ǰ˵ЦһȺˣת۱˱˵ĵ꣬ҲǲһĪŭǲȼЩɶһʻ
ʮҽ𣬺ֹܿƽ
֪Щɱ˲գ۵Ļֻºܿͻ׷
н֣Խֹͷ˼ȴԽ侲
ԸҲһʱˣƬϤ
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һֱֻһ飬гЩ䡣
ǿʹνսǱͳ챬˺üЩĵء
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ûʧܳɹĻɱǻͳ졣
ڴڵشɫһƬ԰ס
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ԣʱǿѹθзθҺɿ뿪
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ֻǣǻż۵ٶȺŭֵ֣ܵײһ̣˴׻ɣײϡ


54 
ܵӺ׷ĻϮ֮ʱ˿Ը֮ǽ⽻ֹ
ƽʱɫʮѿı֮£Ѿ˵ǽǡ
ǱߵһĮעųеı仯
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ЩĶΪ׵һԼһ
Щ֮г֮⣬ߡ
ԸϮ֮ƽѼ۴Ӹġ
û뵽ûãó
ֻǣ¼壬ԸһҲֻߣҪԵʮóȺսֵܹ֮
һԻһ֧ԮֻѰ
ƽǰһĻɫиǰࡣ
֪Լֻ߰⣬û˱ϻһΪǣӰ轣ʿȻҲʱпܳ֡
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˿̺ԺʱĲҽʱʱƽÿһ񾭡
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55 
һԵĲݴ֮У˿ҷɾ衣
ܿģǰɿӰ
״иһû뵽һӾǷֻ֣ʵ޷ֵ
һ뵽᲻İ࣬ѵҪ
ʱǰӰѾ˲֮ǰ
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С񣡡ǰغ
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ԭ˾񣬶ԣǱС
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ͬʮּǷ⡣
һԵСŵɪɪ˿̼ԼС㣬ǴſǻС㣬û̫ˣһΪˡ
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ովΣǲͣһâ֪ʱСкȻһѷĳ
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СֱһӰ轣ʱһ
ǻˣ
ػСɿ˳̶ŲһΣСñ֮ǰٶȣһɨ˹
޷ֵĶָֻӣὣӭȴҲס˶ԷĹ
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56 ɱһ
ᣡһˣæΧغ
ǣǰǽ߽˼ʮغϣûܵ˺ߵ಻ܳܵġ
һȭСɲִٳûȫȴҲǽֱӴûԲѡ
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Ӱ轣ʿĵ֣Ӱ轣ʿ֮죬ʱʹ֪Ӧ
ǰԵľ֮ʱһǽײ˿ǰԵľǲͷƤ˹ȥһԵ֮ϡ
ʱһһҪ˷ܹϱĴ׳ɣǱӰ轣ʿʩչֱӽϿ
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̶תзɿ캰ܣ
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˵ʵȻ˵һ֮УȳҪ˵а취
˵ߣֻң
һ㶣̶һҧתȥ
յӰ轣ʿѾ׷


57 Σʱ
ķ᲻ܣ᲻Σգĵ˵
ԭǴһսġ
ȻǰŲ˼ַһˣôѧȻҲǿԿκǰһսȫƾʽӦ
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µȴǽͨ죬Ҳܸı״Ҳζκս
ֻƾŷḻľ;ʽӦ
˰ȫԸƫԺǻķϵļɽ֮У׷϶ϵӰ轣ʿһ
Ӱ轣ʿھǰɱͬһĻ֮Ȼ֮ġ
ܹƾʽͻӰ轣ʿκɣʵǵӡ
ûͨΰ쵽ġ
ֽϸĹ۲˵һһ
Ȼһжû֧ţȴûκ֮⣬в¶ǿţҲӰ轣ʿЩ衣
˷սҲ뵽˵һӰ轣ʿȴݳţֻǰһ̽Ӱ轣Ӱ˲סȫ¸Ҫ
״Ŀһݣ΢΢һӰ轣ʿʩչۻң˵ĽӰвЩԻ˵ĵСѡ
ԭЩЩӰֻҲᱻĻ𿪡
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⿴ƺɱһ㣬ȴӰ轣ʿһ٣սֱ۸׻еӰ轣Щ䡣
ȻĽӰҲһ˲֮䣬߽⡣
ʵϣֻƾǿߵһӱҳ⽣Ӱڡ
޼ɹԪ½ĶӴ似Ǹӡ
Ӱ轣ʿؼʿյ似˵ͨѾǾףλ޼ɹٹȴͬ꺢ͯˣİʽѡ
ˣ趯ǿƳ
Īһ˽еӰ轣ʿɫȴǴ󺧣벻ԼĽαƽġ
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һ֣˿ûͣ٣Ӱ轣ʿ𾪷֮ʱѾɿӰ轣ʿǰ
һӰ轣ʿս֮ԭԼĽзɵЩֱ۶ʱһɣеӰ轣ʱС
ҲٽֱǳӰ轣ʿ̶ֱȥ
ԭǰѳȴǱֱסһٸһӰ轣ʿ
˭Ҳûϵ֮죬Ӱ轣ʿȻ۾ؿԼıɿԼĿڡ
һʹӰ轣ʿȻһþȫ֣Ҫһ
ֱ۸ո쵽Уش£˫ĿùԲĿض
ֻµҲףġ
ΨһʣµһӰ轣ʿǰĳ裬Ȼ޷˺ȴ޷ʱԮԼͬ顣
û뵽һ˲֮䣬Լͬ龹Ȼ˶Էϣ֮ɫԽŨҡ
ǱߣѾҺλöˣŻ谵ܣо岢û
Сһֻֻʮ꣬ƽܾǧ谮ʱ̣˿̵СضУŵò˵
һ߰οԼҵܵܣǷһŨŨص֮ɫ
УʱʮּǹԼ׵İΣӸղǼӰ轣ʿĿУҲܲ³ֻԼĸѾȺ֮֡
ȣκԼʵ£ֻһ֣ΪЩ˵Ľ
οиܵҪչˣӲ
С㣬᲻£һԵСӵʵ
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ҪĻȥᣬκС޷Ļ
ĻҲ͸ŨŨĵǣ̶ε˵Ҳçײ֮ˣԼĶԲߡ
⻰ڰογԼڰοԼء
ǰϹܼΪһ·ˣչֳ侲ʵҲǲ˼ӡ
˿˵вĵĵ
һԵ˵ǣ˵С㣬Ƿİɣ᲻µġ
Ϊ˿϶ؿɻʵ
аҵȻ϶ҿۿġ
ֻӦ᲻͸¶ܣ˱һʣ֧֧˵
ʾ֭ν֮ʱһӰѾٳ߼۶
ǵһʱ䷢˿ʱɫһ䡣
ŽŲԽԽ¹⣬Ҳ˵ģ
ڽһӰ轣ʿ֮󣬱ɿظ˹
ᣬ⣡æ̽ͷ
ܿҵ˲֮
һϲѯʣ˭֪һ鴤̶Щ˻Ƶ˵㵽ȥ
˿ٲȻѾ˵Ĺǣ˸ûκԥæá
ʱȫ֮ʱһڹ̵Ѫ
״ɴ󼱣ᣬˣ
޷ҪⱻЩ˷̧֡ʾͬʱһ߹۲Χ龰
֮ˣȫںӰ轣ʿֵУĸ֪˳߸
Ϊ˰Щˣֻƴ˵ĴۣٵػɱһӰ轣ʿ
ĻסҴһ
˾ʯ֮УҲ֪˶ãͻȻһ󼱴ٵؽŲĶ֮С
һݣ֪Щ˹
˿̵ܹɱһһᾪˣʱƸ޷˶Σ
Ų˴˿ҲУɫ䣬Щؿᡣ
ʾ˲Ҫͬʱзɿ˼ŶԲߡ
Ƭ̣ȺŲѾʮ֮Ѿ˵ò
аԴһǽߡ
һֽг۽ˣ壬еĺȻ֮ɫʹˡ


58 ļƲ
ڴ֮ϵ䣬ʱһµ
˵ʲôӰ轣ʿɱˣӽԸһֱƽ䣬˿ԼĶʮӰ轣ʿȻˣʱŭ˵ʵ
ʲôģǿԼŭʵ
³Ƭ̣˵»δ鵽
ž
ԱߵĶľԲ京ŭһ֮£ǳ׻Ϊĩ
ɴ˿ɼжôŭ
˼Ƭ֮˵ȫȥң˶ȻԸҪҳҵҪʲôɱؼӰ轣ʿ
£̶˵ҵûУ
ҵӦúɱֵܵйأԸ˰бǡ·ɿ˵
һɫ˼Щ̶תͷһѾµƽ˵ԼȻֶΣҵСԼҵ
һԱƷ˵ƽ˿ģЩǱȫƽļϡ
ԭмǹԼһ˫ŮİΣʱȴԾɰȻвһϲ
ȻҲôһ£Ҳʵ䡣
ߣԼд˽ѣĳպҪؼҸۡƽһŭ˵
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ʱԸƫԺļɽ֮Уһ۾עŷɿ쳯ǱƽһȺˡ
ɽȷʵǸصĺõطǷֿң˵ǾͶ棬Сĵ㣬˵滹иִڣǧ򲻿ɴ⡣
漸˵̸д󺧡
ΨԾɫţһ˿仯
أԸоѾǼиӰǶܵķ
ĵؽոնӰ轣ǰʱ׼Ӧκα仯
һţָǲԾץ½ǡ
ԽԽѾܹ˵ĺ
ԽԽؽŲѲ԰ޱȣиǲϵŲҪ֡
ʮ˲岽
һѾǰ岽룬ǰһʯѵţֻ˵Ӱѱ˸
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СͻȻ֣ҲһæҪסС
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ŵźһĸо
Ӧ죬Ȼǰһֱƿ⸱壬飬֪ͬ
ڿСĶ֮󣬵һʱСҪʲô
ʯ֮䣬ǰĴʯǱ˿
һ˿¹˽һӰ轣ʿζʱǰ
һĻõ˾ֲѣΪ˲ԼƲסĵĺ¶г˫ּæסԼ͡
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˭֪Ӱ轣ʿ¹⳯ʯ֮˼֮󣬼̶Щɻҡҡͷתȥ
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˿СԭԵһԿɰ۾˿ȴԵƣؿ֮󣬼̶һգʧȥ֪
æϸһڷСϢ֮󣬷ŷ
С֮Ĺȣ˯ȥѡ
˵ӰѾԶ˲ֱʱ˲ŷԼȻ亹ʪ
ǲãŵ᲻һ˿ֻܿţûе¡
ȻڸղŵΪ죬˿̼Щ뿪ʵղŵ׷ʲô飬ΪЩͻȻŹǣ
˯Сݸ漴͵һжҪСİæѱˡ
Сʵ
룬΢˽һ¡
ʵողӰ轣ʿķŹǣֻΪСԼ˶һ١
СȻȥСûʲôսΪǰ͵ŴαֺСһ
ҲԹСܹԼһܽϡ
ԭֻС͵ŮֻСʱ̫̣Ժܿ㱻
û뵽ղΪؼʱ̣Сﾹ˳˶һ١
Ľ֮˽档
֪СΪ˾˶ԣ۵ذڻС
һᣬ΢ƽ֮ͻȻʵᣬЩˣڸô죿
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£漴˵ȴ⣬֮ȥ̽Ϣ١
ԣҲõİ취첻ٶԡ
ˣһһҹȥ
ƾڴ֮У˿ɫǺܺá
һϣȻδҳԼҽܣɱӰ轣ʿû䣬õһεεܹƽľ
ѾΪƽһŭ䣬˵Ŀ⡣
俴ƽһı飬иŭ̶ƽǰһץߣ˵ϼһҪ⣬Ըҵ˰Χ֮ǵķҵ֮סڣȻҲĶŮǶȻԸ
Σƽ˿ΪȻ˵
ƽϴ̶ۣ¶һ˿Ц漴˵ͻȻ˸⣬ԼŮýˣԸţԼĸ׼ȻΪģԼΪأ
ƽޱȣⷬһڣʱĴ㣬ԭĮıǱޱѿ
䣬СС;˴ƽҧгݵ˵
ƽɫ˱仯ɿشЦ
漴һƿƽתԵһµԸ
һԵƽУɶƿ
һЦԭλϢ


59 ׷ӣһ
˵ʲôǴҸ׵вҳȥ÷ɫΪѿ˵
ԭոƽһԻǱڰϢ˸УΪ˲嶯ɵ£һ˻֪ͨ
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УҲҸѣұȥᶨ˵˵ű׼ȥ
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ǡǳ˵š
˵ĿľΪǽȥһ򾡣ĳȥĹ켣ֻµʱ㸸׻㡣
ﲻ˼һļǹҸװΣ˿ҡ
ʱһ쳹Ը
С㣬㲻㸸ܿ࣬ô̳ң֮ǰұ㽫㸸׵֫ϣ
͵վǿֻѾһеĳ˳ȥ
ᣬ㲻ҪֹңҲҸױǶĥΪ׵ŮĿ˵
㣬ҺͬȥһȥȳһֱδڵҲǸ˵
ģ֪˳嶯ẦȫˣһʱҲǴΪͷۣǲɷ˵ע֮ʱһƽιȥ
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ǵ˵ֻǲɵ£㳳ֺ׽ЩѵҲҪҽˣ
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˵ͷĵǲ޵ǰҲ΢ڸתһȦΧķҪڲԷ°Ȼȥʮѡ
漴һ˸
ڴ֮⣬ƺΪΪ丸֮ǰǰȥȡ
ȻԼΣֻ
ȻȦףôʱΧŴ֣Ҳ˵֮ʱ˵עһطرԵĻΪ
Ǹĺûᡣаţ漴ֺ
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ܿ죬ʯ֮һǴ죬ۿɫѾ𽥰
ʱһĻָСҲ»ָ˾񣬴˿ĻУһ˫С۾ĿĴš
ǵãһȵɫһǱһͬ뿪·ǧҪͷϸؿˣ˵
Ѿ˶ԲߣǰѾԸķ̽˸ţȻǸط٣ӶԶѵ·ߡ
ƽûдȥȣҲûǸ¡
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һ˽Ż谵ɫһ·˱ԺͣƫԺ֮С
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Χʾ֮£ǣƥһͣŵһۡ
ڿ۰뿪ֻ²һᱻ˷֡
ʵԭ֪еЩ֪ͬǰƥֽޡ
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ȻϵޣδӴȻμԦͬһȻҲܶá
һΨһõı
ȻǸѾߣƽնչмӣҲޡ
̶ú׼뿪
ͻȻһӰصˤǰ
ͻضʵһһԵ˸УʱһҺˡ
ף
˶ԼСˣû뵽վΪ˻ԼĸףҪǴС㲻ɨ𣿡
䣬Ӱ˲ǰΪ׵ĺȻ䡣
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ʱһӭ泯˹һӰ轣ʿ״ɴʧɫæ˵ǰд󺰵үСģ


60 ׷ӣ
ͻĹڳ˷׷ЩֲһԵˡ
ҲʮֲؿǰһĻԴЩͷԡ
Ӱ轣ʿһʱӰ轣ͼסŹȴû뵽еӰ轣һӴ㳹ɼΡ
ͬǿĳ˺ü
Ӱ轣ʿǰ֮ʱӦæȥ
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˳Ӱȥ㿴ԭѾһϢƽվ
ǰŹϢǴƽɢġ
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˭֪ڹ۲һ֮ͻȻص˵ԣƽȻҲǵߵľ磬Ȼӵ˹Ϣ
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ףȻû£һ뿪ɣ˵
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״Ȼ£ὣǰ˵ȵ棬

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ٶȼ죬ֻǼ뿪Ը
֮ǵķõķԸ˿Դ
һ˸ոſڣ㷢һԷפڴˡ
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ô죿֮ǿ¶ǵˡü˵
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ֻգ۵Ĺ򣬱ϡ
Ľ֮£˼ֻԽԽķŽΧʽ̲ݻ


61 ׷ӣ
ȻԽԽķ˹һ·֮£һҲ𽥿š
ĵΣһһӲȺȫ赲⡣
ǿĸ֪ͳʽһնɱʮ
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ΪѵصʿʶȻҲǲ١
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Ϊôûǹƥһɱʮߡ
ʵ̫˼ˣѵ⸽ʲôڰ
Ȼûиеֻһˡ
Ȼ޷ʹֻһӡ
ҲΪһסˣʹǶʱڲҿҲЩϢĻᡣ
ϾǰΪڻһԸѾ˲ˣȻǰЩ˷
˲һӿϣҲЩмܡ
ǰıʹ˿Ҳ侲ò˵ͬһŮӣΣʱ̣ȴԽ侲
ѰŮӣѱǰŵöˡ
ڼһһ赲סз龰ҲһĨʡ
ͬһʱ䣬ǷɿطԸĳŴ򿪡ڴͬʱʱעʱ׼֧Ԯ
Ȼֻ˶Σգǻ᲻һȫȡ
ⲻԸΪҪǰĴξΣѣѵĵ
ķԸǲæޱԾ£ɿܵԣǸߴĳŻ򿪡
ãҪ򿪳ܣҪˡ
һɷľٶʱȺһɧȻЩֶΣѵʹǵһʱ䳯ӿ˹ȥ
Ȼ֪ʱǹؼʱ̣ǰЩ˳ȥ
˼ˣӰ轣ǰǿһ漴ӭȺ
䣬һգۣΧס
ǿǿĸ֪;ĽУӲûЩһ
Щڶ֮࣬£ռСһҲֻͨ
ǽһΣһȺ⡣
϶ܷĹ
ȺҲԽԽľû뵽Ȼֻһѽͽǵ棬޷֡
ܿ죬ѾŻ£ֻڼƬ̣ܰȫ롣
ɾһƬ̵ʱ䣬ȴҪܲСѹڱǿѹƵƺŲܿƵףüζǱٴǿѹȥ
ͬʱС
ڣǳصĳž䵽棬Ǽæصޱϣһֱעߵ˿̼Ŵ򿪣漴æẰᣬѾˣ
ԣȻһ׼˦Щ
֮ʱȴһ٣һ˲䣬ԭ˵ķٴӿס
ɶ񣬾Ͳôһ㣡аա
ԭһ˲䣬ڱŴǿѹסƣڲܿƵı
ΪѹƣʹԭѾҲ壬øңӴͬһѰѷУϵؽʸ塣
ٴαϵڽʹޱȣĽЩϡ
ĿһɢһɿԵơ
Ӱ轣һɨѪ
ҽһ漴Ų㣬̶ɿԾı
ߣ
׼ʱһգ߶޶
ƥ޷һ䣬̶㻯һ磬ųȥ
ʱһ¸ڿ뿪ͷŭ˵׷ܷǡ
⣬һ߿һ߹еѯţᣬôˣ
ղǿڷѪһЩȻʹһгɹӳ֮ǣȴҲϼˡ
˿̷ڲϷѪѪɫʡ
һʹӲɿϣȴŭޱȣΪ޼ɹٹ½һеǿߣǱ
ϴȺ´֮̿ͣµֻһһܹ׽
ˣȺ̿͸ǽߣиһߡ
ոգԵֻһȺͨ߶ѡ
ᣡᣡеᵹϣôȴǴδйܵĽӴ
ȴûκ뷨Ϊ֪֮Ի῿ϣȻǰԸȺơ
ĺҲһ
̶еϢڻ˻Ƶѵ׷ˡ
˵仰Ҳ޷ƣ˲ϣʧȥʶ
ܱһأػ˼ȴûлκλ
õѣͣ
㣬ȥˣ᲻°Щǵ˵
˵ôô¡ֹĻ̶ѹеĵǣ˷ɿ롣
ȴûз֣ἰʱƺЩͬ
ͣһ·񱼣֪ǻʵˣҲ˵Լҵı۹Ļʵۡ
һӵﶼпܱ֡
ԣΨһѡӳ۹ĹϽΧ԰ȫ
һıϮɫת˵ʵ֪ЩǷѾ˦ˣǲҴ⣬һЩȴǵĽֹ׷ɱ
ʱһֱһᣬͻȻһ˿΢̶
ĴʹٴλȥǿӣԼ뿪ѯʣǵһʱ䷢˱Ķɼ˵ᣬˣû°ɣ
޷˲ˣֻ¶ʱ޷սˡҲǵһʱյϢ˻Ƶ˵
ֻҪû¾ͺãƵ۹ķǰֻҪӦþͰȫˡܿ˵
ԴȻûʲôԲûд𻰣Щ˲ûб˦Խӵؽӽ
է֮£ҲЩľЩ˵ʵ̹޷ʹΪǰɱǼߺͶԶԿһȺʹѾˡ
ԣЩ׷ֻǸֵ
뵽⣬ɿ˵С㣬ܲٿ㣬ҲȺѾӽˡ
һɴ֮ɫϵĴߴŽµ޼ӿٶȣκµٶѾٶȵļޣƾŮʹֶΣá


62 ɽˮ
Ҳ֪˶ãһ·Ϯҹ˿Ǻ֮ѾԽңԶ
ʱ䣬Ѿһľ߱Ǻ׷ᣬ޷֧ŵڡ
СѾͷǿ֮£Թ
ֻҧ֣µƥȴϮҹ֮Ǻľ
һ·ӽһƬ֮Уƥһͷȥ
Сģ
һʱ䷴Ӧ˫ס˲ڵأһ
Ǳס
һߵ⵽ͬ³
˵֮ܿվʱԭƥѾ̱ڵϣ°ĭͣش
龰ɴΪۣƥ׵߼۴͸ģƷʼѣǲһͣرҹŵ¡
Ҳǿƥޣʹʱ䣬ʼղĵ׷ϡ
ƥ޵£޴ĹߣЩǵؿᡣ
ƥ޵£ֻ΢΢Щϧº׷Ȼܶڵϵ漴˵죬ߣѾԽԽˡ
һǲҶͣһ໥ɿسȥ
ʵѾ۹ı߾ܹ˳뿪۹ڣǻȵĻὫӡ
Ҳһ֧ˣʹһֵܹڡ
һ·Ҵܣ˽ʱȴǳԸᣬЩѾ׷ˡ
ɫʱһ䣬æ˶㵽һïܵĲݶ֮С
˸ոնãǴһ󶯾
ʮӰ轣ʿ֮С
һĻɫǴ䣬ȴǲҷκζ
һȺλõĲԶͻȻͣϸ۲ܣ̶˵ǵѾ۵Ҹãһ⸽ֿѰңذЩҳ
Ļɫ΢䣬ǰ˴ƥޡ
ǵãֻҲʱȥ
ܿ죬㿴ʮӰ轣ʿɢȥֻ˻İΣ
ߺ󣬱㻺س˹
ľٶһ漴ὫСǰСһɫ
Сϻ۹ˣദ֮ãȻ֪˼
ʱѾݶǰһ˿â̶¶һĨЦ⣬˵׷ҹǻҪҵϡ
˵ţһȣȲ˲ݶ˽
ֻǣݶ֮ȴסˣǰֻһҵĸɲݣûκӰټ
ôܣҸо춯ǲŵض࿴˼ۣɺ
룬˳˲ݶѣ˼֮ɫ漴âһ˵ߣȥطҿ
ԶȥӰ˵Ӱ¶Сٴʩչ֮󣬾ɺϴһʮήҡ
ˣһӦðȫˡһԵ˿µ˵
ֻĻ䣬ɫʱһ䡣
һɲǣȴش˹Ȼ浱𣿡
䣬Ӱ轣ʿʱ˺󷽡
õѣѾһӦ˳ݶѣ۾ؿˡ
һ˾ʧģʮֿ⣬߲ݵ׷ҹҵἸˣ鿴Բˡ
ܣ
᲻ɷ˵شͷһȥҲż
ʵȻܹѾ;ĩ·ôQҲӲġ
һ·Ų·Ӵܣζ޷䡣
һ㣬ǾٶϷˣǡ
ţͷѰŭѣ޷жȻҪʬΣйͷ֮ޡ
ĹЩҪǱ׷ϣǱɡ
ᣬǰû·ˣͻȻѣʹ˽Ųͣ
ܣ滷ЩľʮŨܣֻǿݵһͨ
ʱǽ˲ܣЦ˵ôˣ
еӰ轣ؿ䣬ʱɢӰ轣ʿҲٴλصߡ
ڿеӰ轣֮һ˿죬̶˵ǰɱӰ轣ʿˣмֶΡ
ԼѾڽӣп־֮Խɢ˿ʣŵҪеӰ轣ӵȻƲϵ
һ뷨ʱ⵽ʹ⣬ͬʱᵨС
ﻹ˼ȥ
᲻˵ҲΪ˵û뵽һͨˣȻܹɱؼӰ轣ʿʵ˲첻ֹ
£仰һת޾⣬ɭȻ˵һ֪ؼԵ³ЩvңҵҪǷͬʱԸôˡ
һǺµ㣬Щ췢ô£ǰԼֻѾŵڵء
ҲòȥֻӲŶѡ
ʱͻȻվ˳ؿ䣬˵ҪץңҪ޹ˡ
С㣡һԵ̲ס
ԣɴЦ˵С㣬ѾΪ㻹кּۻ۵ʸ𣿡
㡭޾ķߺޣҧгݵ˵š
׷ҹȻǿ֧ţЩͣǲԸں˷ϻ漴ʾһ½ԼҽץǾ͵ظɱ
һɫʱüΪѿŵɫЩס
ЩӰ轣ʿڵõ֮Ӱ轣ǰ
һˣֱ·֮󣬷Žһ
ʱΧͻȻ䣬֪Ϊԭƽ֣һ硣
漴һźǵصϮϿճ
俴һĻҲһ漴Ը˺ˣⷢʡ
վ˿
ܿ죬Խǿң漴ϿźǰԽתԽ죬ܿǰγһ˸ߵĺɫ
һĻɫ΢䣬Ⱥܿϳɫ
ǱߵȻҲǵһʱϳźɫ̶Щ˵ڤ˺ˣ򲻿


63 ڤ
Ϊڤĳ֣ʹ˫Ҳʹ˻˶ݵĴϢᡣ
ΪɫأӵʵС㣬ʲôоͻȻоܡ
ڼڤ֮ɫǱüΪ԰ס
˵ڤԪ½һΣյ󣬷ڤֵĵطݲʬȫޣû뵽Ǳˡ
Ľͣ˽ŵѪɫʣǸȥ˵Ƿȷ˿Ǳߣɫ費ҿģҲ֪ڤ֮
ҪţڤȻΪֻһԶʧȵڤʧ֮ȥץǲ١ϵһӰ轣ʿȻûκ
Ǵʱᣬȴɢһϲɫ
ԭ˽ڤ֮ʱȴǸһ˵
ᣬڤȻǿƻȴ¡
ڤãΪһ
֮һӴڤʬ޴棬˵˱ҷ𣬶Ǳڤ͵һƬռ
Ƭռ½޵ľۼء
֮Ի֪ЩȫΪʱڣ޼ɹĹҲĸһΡ
ʱΪǵ磬ײûд߶ԶֻΧ
ֻΧʱΪӦĸ޻ЩѣȫһЭŰȻ
ɴ˿ɼڤ͵ĵطεΣա
Ľͣһ˵ǵڵʵڤ֮еĵʮΣա
ΣգҲùȵڤʧɱúá
˼ˣһҧ˾̶ɿض˵С㣬ǿӽڤ֮С
һɼæסᣬ˵ǧҪڤǴ½һȥ
ۼڤƺСļд󼱣æ֣˵С㣬ңΨһĻᣬôһЩ˾ҪץˣԺͣҡ
˵ЩԥϾڤ̫ʢ˵£ǲܵġ
ʱȴһ̬վ˳˵ᣬ㣬֪ôһеġ
Ҳ磬ʶ㣬֪һẦСͽġСҲǽվ˳
ᡣ΢΢һ˼Ŵǰֳ漣һҧ˵ã㡣
ֻǸѾߣһ·ıϮʧȥ˷磬ȻǱ˵ʲô
˱Ȱǲɷ˵һȳǰڤһͷ˽ȥ
ȻĽͣҲЩ־壬ǻţȻҲԸðա
ţҲ֪ΪоһƬһͷ˽ȥǽ˽ȥ
ǳᣬ⼸չֳѡ
ۼ˽ȥҲŵС԰׵˽ȥ
СƺڤǷΣ֮󣬱ҡԼСӣֱ˽ȥ
˵Ķ죬ȫʧ֮䷽ŷӦ
Щ˲Ҫڤһͷ˽ȥҲЩ㵡
үѵҪˣһӰ轣ʿʵ
ʧ֮ǹƬ̣ڤȴͬŵһÿ죬ȥҲ졣
ǰտҲĿյأɫһף̶ߺ޵˵벻ִ֣ȻΪ˲ҵܻԸѡɱ
£˿˵ҲãԼѾȫǰõ鱨Լѳ֤ҵҲ˱½񡣡
ϣؿǰĿյأ̶תȥ
Լ֮Ϊ䶯Ϣˡ
ҽǶԼҵе첻ֹ
Լں֮ڣҶнãȻԼͨЩҶԼҵ˽⣬ǴΪš
ֻԼѾţɣЩҲ᱿ѣ˭ҲΪһѾڵԼңȥؼҺͻҡ
֮ǰԼйһֽԼҶңҲĬ
ǸδҶүЩϧľɫȻ֮⣬Ҳû뷨ź֮ΣĽӴһÿڶŮӻƣѾԼδ޸ոȥ
һЩѰգԼұ֮⣬ѹ
Щ˴󲿷ֶܹԼҶݵͨˣԼҸŮƽ˲£ͨȺпڱ
ԼҸŮЩԼһ鳤ƣΪԼȥԩ
Ȼ˱ˣȻҲ˻ϲ
̻֮УĽƹϰˣʱν˲ѡ
£ڵԼһĺϢβ˷ܲѡ
ĽƹŽ䴦ǵ谵ĺӰ˸񣬼̶˵ʹн赶ɱ˹ֶΣһһԼңһ̻᳹Ʋ˹ϵС϶ʮ
ϰҲԸ͵˵ʹֶθ߳ѹŴǰʹߣĳˡ
˷Ǻ˲ΪǳĬƬ֮󣬷ŵ˵ԼһѾҪĽƹֶΣ˵ԼĲҵѾ֪кߡ
ԣĽƹһ󾫹ӹ̶ŵ˵ʹ߷ģԼһԼҵвҵȻûգΪ˺֮ڸתףԼҵĲҵȻ̫á
£Ľƹ˵ֻǰһ£ŲüգԼЩҵᾡ̻ᡣ
ãĽƹĵ֣һǼƻĵһҲɹˣϣ㲻ҪҺʧ
ϣӰٴʧ֮С
ں֮ڸԼ֮±ֹ̬֮ʱԼΨһҴߣܺἸˣǰո̤ڤ֮Уоȫһ̶֮ܳתʧȥ֪
Ҳ֪˶ãӻѹ̲֮ס΢΢һ漴Դ
ֱʶһȥһƫͷһԭ
漴Щεķ֣Լƺ÷ǰͻĵط
ҲΪĴһת˹
״æش֣ҵԼΡ


64 ٺ
𣿡ͫ͸һĨã֮ɫš
һԵߣӵϷ˵С㣬ǻûӦǰȫˡ
ߴϤһеã֮ɫ漴ʧᣬǲš
ȻǰѾѡᣬϾڤ̫ʢԭǱűľĸһͬġ
һԼްȻޱȡ
ʱڲԶҲ˹
˽ǳڽٺ˷֮С
ˣ˷ܹͻȻʵ
̶ҲǷӦ㿪ʼܵĻ
ۣƯǺͯԣȻǰովһһĽѣ˿Σһָֻܹԭԡ
ֹһ֮ҲǽסΧľɫ
һƬдеĲݵ֮Уܻ಻֪Ұɢµ滷ɽǰһ峺׵СϪܱһƬİ֣Ϊ˼ɾǲΪ
ᣬڤеĵطô̲ס̾
ҲǵһνƬռ䣬ȻǰһеҲϤ
Ŀ϶𰸣ѾȷȷʵĿĵأͷ˵ڤأǰźɫڤƬһ󣬳֮⣬Ҳûطܹ
Ǹô뿪һüͷʵ
ĿҲ˲ܵתƵϡ
εʼ磬˵ֻеڤٴγ֣Ƿܹ뿪»صԪ½
Ȼڤʱܹ³֣Ҫϼʮɣʵ
ҡҡͷ˵ǵãڤƮһһΣֻҪǵһʱ䣬뿪
һнǷȻﾰɫˣһһҲԸ⡣
ԣĿ漴Զ¶һĨӵɫ
С㣬ʲôأԴؿԼС㡣
Ƶ̾˿˵ԼѾڣԺͲҪСˡ
һаСʱ䣬æĸ첲·ȻСʵ˵С㣬㲻ҪǲʲôСˣ
زϵĹ飬һ۵˵ɵϣô᲻ϲ㡣
Сô˵ǷС죬ӵ˵
˵ҲС㣬ΪԼѾûˣ㲻Ժͽһ㣬ҿһֱ㵱ÿ
ԣС¶Цա
ҿǻҸϢĵطȥ춼ˡῴΧɫͷ˵
˵漴ӦϵСһ·ȥ
Щʱ䣬ۼͻȻִһԵĲݴܳһӰССӰǰӰģ֮ɾϲؽеÿɰС
ҲǷССӰ
Ůϲɰˡ
׼СӰ߹ȥ֮ʱһԵͻȻɫһ䣬æСģҪ
˵Żͬʱһȥ˵ڵء
һɲǣǿƿɰСһͻȻ߸צӴǰӹ
һľ缸ǲ½Ƕ
ҲǱͻı仯һվԭأһãȻ
ԭҲǲⳤ͵ϵʮƵĿɰʲôʱѣȻ
ķӦɿ죬ѾСһצ˺һˡ
ӵվӲݣǹ˲æȥͬʱ˵ܣǳۼá
Ȼۼʲô˽ŵģȻɷ˵ȸȥ
ǳۼòûЩˣԲû׷
һ·񱼣˺óһ·֮󣬷ͣЪ
ᣬǼһﵽʲôʵ
һ·˿֮ͣ󣬷ŷԼֱץţһʱɫҲЩ󣬲֪Ϊ̫죬ԭ
ĵش֮ѿƽеͬʵղŷʲô飬Ϊǿȥ˿ɰСͻȻԶǳ֣
˰Ѷͷ亹Ȼ֪ڤصΧҪͬ˼ɾʵΣķ˵ղֻȥ޺ĳۼãʵԶԶЩˣСºͣˣֻ¸ղǻᣬЩ˾Ҫˡ
ĽͣҲһ£аա
漴ʲôͻȻɻؿᡣ
ᱻһ˫˴ţʱβѣЩͷʵС㣬ôôңѵϳʲô
˵ţỹ˼ѡ
ⷬģ۹Խӵͣ˼Ƭ̣ʵᣬܸøң㵽ʲô˰ɣ
ʲôС㲻ΪҪСڴϾһֻѶͷˡʶ˵
漴зӦʵʲô
Ȼֻһۣ˵ѵҵɵǰһ·Ⱥ˵׷ɱִ֮ŷɥĵط֪ղǿƿɰСǼΣյĿޣһпɲѰ˿֪ġ
ԣЦ漴֪޷룬ѾڴˣҲûʲôġ
ǣ㿪˵ʵҲ֪ҵʲôˡ
ţ㽫ǰһ˵ٴΰ˳
֮һԵ˽ĿɿڴȱѾ֪һУԲûʲôرķӦ
˵ǰˣе¼ȫʧɻʵ
ͷЩԲѵ˵Ҳȫǣֻʧȥ˴󲿷֣һЩǱʶﻹǴڵģͱҿڤʱһӱ
£̶˵ңÿһһ֮󣬼ָһ㡣
һԵҲǷ˵˵ûÿλ֮󣬺ͱ˸ˣòˣСǰӦҲˡ
˼磬Ľͣܿ뵽ϴһڽȺ´̿ͣȻþȣһֱ֪ʲô˾ǡ
֪ⷬ˴𰸣ʱһ˫ÿӲɸΪϴš


65 ̰ԵС
ἸһѰҿɹϢİȫطһ໥̸š
̸ݴ඼Χ̸
Ȼ˶ݳžԵĺ棬֪һеҲˡ
ǰԸֳʵ;֪Ѿˣ˿֮аҲᵱǵĹǡ
Դˣᵹû̫뷨
ʾżһ·ǰС
˴죬ۿɫѾ𽥻谵ῴ˿ΧĻǱ㽨ǾϢɣȵڼǰ
Ѿ˵Ĺǣ˵ûȻ⵽ԡ
Ѱһɾط
˵ȥЩľͷ㵽ûʲôҰ֮ģԳ伢Ķ
˵꣬ͷж
һԣСѾͷûԿһԵĴ۵ôڴڵشˡ
뿪ͷ񣬿ССӰζܡ
ǲԼҽʵ㣬ôˣ
û£Ĩϵ飬ԼҪǿ漴˵СԼѾʣˣԼҵصԺҪļͷˡ
ǽأѵ㲻һ𣿡С۾ʵ
İɣֻҪһ죬ͻᵲǰһֱܹһΪֹᶨ˵
ԣ˵㣬ģСӦ㣬һúҪ游ױ𡣡
ڻУȴǰٸн֪׵ĵܵܳеصǷʡ
ֻЩΪæŰ︸׹壬ûжľȥķҲŴﵽ˶εĳ̶ȡ
ȻֻΣҲ꣬ĳɼѾ׿Խˡ
ԣԼΨһϣϣа˾ģζԼĵܵܳ¡
˵ŻʱѾӸʰһѸɲͬʱҲǿĸ֪Լ¸ȷΧûʲôΣյ޳ûŷĵػصߡ
ʱҲһѲ֪Ұ˸߲ҵ˻
ǿΧҰʱǲˡױؽеһҰ̯ǰ˵˵
˵ţһ׼͡
˭֪ȴһĿеҰֹҪԣ
׼֣ͻȻһĻҲס
ɻ󲻽ؿᣬüͷ˵Ұжһȥ輸ȫö

һⷬæеҰӵԶԶģͬʱµز֣ض˵ҪǴҰ
ԣεվ촽Ų£˵ҡҲ֪
ļ򣬿˵Ҫ⣬һȻȥʮãԽõĶŵΣȴԽأ㲻ҲֻҪ´עǡ
漴ӣһɢҰУųƽƽƵϳªҰָˣ˵ЩûжҿԷĳԡ
ӹݹǿųޱȵҰ֣Сʱüͷ
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״ɷ˷ۣ漴ҲᣬֱһڽеҰҧȥʱһ㴫ζ٣˵泩
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66 Σķ
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67 
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68 
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69 ѩӰ
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70 ǿĵ
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72 ۽
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ֻǣῴСһİɫһ漴ǸЦͷ
Ͼʵָǿߵʵһʱ䣬Ʒϵ
֪뷨һߣûûϢ
ᱻ˵˼ʱв˼ֻͬʱҲЩƣΪԼһʲôһﶼ֪һһ˼Լȷʵ޴ӵ֪ʵ̫ƽˡ
ҲԱԹһ¶ѣСﲻϵؽл֮УҲεذСһ̶Ǳ۽ǰеӰ轣һ򷽲Ŵͷ֮ȡһֻĴָС͸ʯ
СС͸ʯ֪ν޺ˡ
޺״Բͨ͸ҲΪ̺Ӵ޺˱治⸡ɷǺÿ
ŮӶණʮϲ
ãϾΪ죬ûбֳ̫ľٶֻһ˫е޺ˡ
һԵѰͲסܵߣɰĴ۾һգһգع۲޺ˣ¶ϲ֮ޱ
׼ùúùһ֮ʱһССӰͻȻһѱ㽫޺ߡ
ԭСһὫ޺ȡʱؽ̶һǰɷ˵ض޺ˣ˷Ӧͷһ¡
Сһ᲻һʹݷСԵĲǶǮһ
Ǻ޺޵صСһۣС죬ȻܲС
ᣬСԵʲôô˵ӡʵ
漴㽫ٴת
ż⣬ҲǼʶˡ
޺ȻҲֻ֪ȴǴδۿ˴ȡһʱŻûзӦ
СｫǱ۽𻢵޺ȥ֮ҲˣԹԵߵһߴϣһ˯ȥȵĺܿ㴫˵Ķ֮С


74 ڲͬ
С⸱ģεҡҡͷ
ĽͣȻ֪С޺ˣɳ˯޺֮е
ֻǣҲұ֤Сһô޺֮Ƿܹǰļ䣬ƺСӳڣһֱ⸱ģͷҲᲢûбжϣ
һСҲǽӦǰǴ𾪣֮ᶯ֣ɿؽͷ˸ߵĴһﳹװƤǣٽϵĻտ
ЩҲ˶ӣŶӣһ˵̫ζˣ㲻Ϊ˵ãĳգԴװЩֵֹͷʵڲ֪һﵽǳʲôġ
˶ⷬҲǴΪͬªƾһЩʮͨĵζϣܿζʳʵѡ
˴һ֮ͨ⿾ȴʣ½ķ֮ЩӦûܹ֧ҵʱ䡣
죬ᲢûмڴȥЩ͵ȼ֣ǼһĽչ
Ȼ˾һµŬĶԵоȴ֮١
ǰǳսҲǷ˸ԵĲ֮漴Ŀָ
۶ս飬һ˵ΪҲʮ
˵ԭȵֻǸոմͨһѧͽͨһŬҲﵽΡ
ֻһµʱ䣬ⷬɼѾʵˣϾ˵Ǵͼѧͽ׶ΣÿһλҲôףһΣ£¶Ǽпܵġ
ȻһǲڴС
ЩŴҩ֧ŵӵȻҲᲢۡ
ȻʵҲֻϣȻ򲻿һµʱôġ
һжҪ鹦ǿߵָ
޼ɹٹСյ飬Ȼһ˿Աȵġ
ټϴСŹιУ۹ĶͶľ⣬ȻҲǸԼʮֱľ顣
٣ָҲ˺ܶ·
򣬺Ҫһ㣬ǡѩӰ
⡶ѩӰһʮֲؼϵȵķǿߴָ㣬ܴﵽˮƽԵ֡
ֻĵҩΪø졣
Ȼÿ죬ǱֻʮȴǸӾˣԭֻεһµĵ̣Ѿ˶εѧͽ
˵кָѲϵⷬɾֻͣ˵ȴ˵ãֻҪŬʱգɾȻˡ
ǰЩڶԸǰ֮ʱʩչġǧʵǡѩӰصһ似
似ġ
ǧһΪ㣬ֻҪܹȫգôٶͬƷ֮УȻҳܹԽĴڡ
ɼ⡶ǧж
֮ǧῴǾķʺ񣬾Сһڿʮַ֣θԶԶˡ
ǣΪֲܹһȱ㣬㽫⡶ǧڸ
һʼҪһʱ˷ܵòˡ
Ϊ˸ˣȴЩЦѡ
ûǣ㣬ʦˡ
û뵽Ŷ̶̰ʱȥݺλȫߵˡ
ЩǴҪģΨһᵣĵıСһ᲻ᱻɱ˫ۣ˿СһıϲЦտĿһҲƽνûûҹ
ɵֻĺܹ֧ⷽ
ڻûʲô󰭣ȵպָʲôΣҲ˵
ΪųĽ֮⣬¿ʼһµʱ䣬ֻ˶ŶΡ
Ϊѻķ꣬һʼϤԼ˱˷ȥʱ䡣
һµʱܹ˶ŶΣҲʮֲˡ
ֻôһɽȥ֮Ϊһߡ
˵ıʮֲ˵ıΪ⣬еЩԾģǴδӴ
Ҳӵ˽⣬֪ǺԣԭûбԶϣ
ֻǣû뵽һµʱȥǿԼɹĵһ͵ڶ裬Ҳк
Ҫǣİ֮£ΪѵĴͨһһ֮бˡ
ںһ̶֮󣬲ûһͨ
ϸ֮ѡͨ
Ҳǰ֮һߣ඼ǾͨڸֻԼһЩھ似
ڴԪ½ϵ᲻һ
ҪΪ漰ԭ
ȻͬԽΪĻߣںͳ֮⣬ͬƷ߽֮УҲʤ١
ɴ˿ɼ䣬ȷʵʮǿһϵ
ҲΪˣҲܹġ
Ϊͨƽ軨ѵľҪԶԶ
һ̶ܴߵʵ
һ֮ͨ⣬̶ܴΪ
ͳƣԪ½ϣʼߣԪ½ϵĻ߲̫ࡣ
Ҫһ㣬Ҫһż͵ġ
߻仰򵥵˵ΪôԽ˼ﵽ°빦Ч
֮֮ʱȴ׵˼𽥻ңҲ衣
½ϲټ
ҲΪλڴ½ϰ᲻һԭ
ԸҲʮ˽⣬˼µʵ̫ʺϲˡ
Ϊĵ˼һϵʵ̫ʲˡ
ڴ֮ͨûмڽķϤڵ;Ĵڡ
Ȼǻ˶̵ʱһᵽûеʲôȡ
ǣʮСѾͷһɵԺ˯ĵķٶҲСһ֣ûô
֮ʱСѾͷһãȻػشҲ֪ʵĵʱҾһ£ȻȻͻѽ
һش𣬲һԵѪ뵱Ѿǧ࣬İ·ĳɼʱԶԶҪѾͷ


75 Ի
ڤأϢĶѨԶ
˿мӰǲͣشš
үǣסһһ̫ƻˡ񺰵
ԣûд𻰣ֻǰСȴһ٣̶һתۣ˲ǰǵӰӡ
Ա߿УӰӷһͷ֫ýԱ
ȻԱ͵ϵԱЩͬǸǰһһͷƷޣҷ𱪡
ʱҷһ˫ͭı۳ŭ𣬻ɫëѾǰ⼸Сŭ
ԭ׼ʳҷ𱪣ȴû뵽һȺʵСࡣеŭǣǰЩȻǽɱĶ
һʱ䣬ҷ𱪺޲ԼݽǰЩȫ˺飬ܹһͷ֮ޡ
ֻǣҷ𱪺ܷŭȴҲ޷ı˿̵ˡ
Ӱ
һȣССһ̣һȻҷ𱪵ǰ
δ䣬˫Уʮָһ˲ӡ
Ӱ
̶͵ǰҷ𱪵Ķͷϡ
ʹУǽҷ˿
ʱһԵ״Ȼ˴ûᣬһչ漴ҷ𱪺󷽣˷ܵغһ¿㻹㣡
ƣ
һȣһƺݺݵҷ𱪡
ҷ޿ˣڸܵвŭһǲȥܣǴƴܾˣӳɭȻϢĸצ
ֻǣ˿ûоɫƺҷ𱪵ĸצС
ʱһֱ˹ǷһĨЦ⡣
ҷ𱪵Ķ֮У̶ҷ𱪸оһƬѣΣһ˲䣬ԭĹһ˿ͣ٣ԭŭı۾ǱЩã
յƼһ׺ݵݺݵҷ׳ʵ֮ϣӺ׷ǲɷ˵ǰлƬ̣ǰݵҷѾڵϣá
ģͣɶһԵ޵
ͬ¶Ц⣬˵㣬ԻȻһǰһ׺쳣ģתۼ侹һͷûĲè
£ĽصڶڣΪʲôҴͨǺһĻ
˵ĿޣҲЩСԴ漴˵綼˵ѵһţȻ
վԵԣǺЦĿˣ̶ɨԵᣬ˵ᣬΪչôˣ
ԣǵ˵ͷЦų޵ܲ⼸ʵܹһͷƷޣѾʮ˲ˣŰĽȥ뿪ʱǵΪȻм
˵ŻͬʱǱߵѾ˳س˹лűǴҷ𱪵ʬ塣
磬㿴ǸղŵıΣһǿǺɵľʹһʵ
Ҳǲʾæ˵磬ϴ˵ҵԻֻԵСҿǰô޸ԵˣǲǸñң
ոԻ֮ʱΪԲ̫ܲЧ
һ᱾ץһͷۼãһЧһ֮ԻûжǳۼòκãǳۼɶǱڵģ
ԭΪûԻɵת֮ʱȴǷִһԹۿСﾹǵڵϺ˯
ǻǵãղСһʮ˷ܵվһԹۿģôһת۾˯˹ȥ
漴ˣԭԻûнǳۼΣǰһԿֵСˡ
ڵϺ˯̲֪СһʱҲǿЦá
ҲΪǼѾͷӣڽһʱѾͷҲǿʼ⵹ᱶο
⼸Ŀ˳ɹҲѹѾͷ˷ܡ
ڤѾĸ£˵ΪҲͻͽĽչ
ڣ˵ΪͻѧͽĽ׶ΣΪѾﵽڡ
ʻ㲻ŮҪЩҲǴﵽڡ
СһҲһҪΪƽΪ̿࣬Ҳ֮ģΪѾﵽ۷ĵزٸһЩʱգİͻƵ֮ʲô̫⡣
ռ˵ı֣ʮ⣬ֻߣں֮£ܶһͷƷޣҲЩȡ
ԭߣΪıһΣգԵһʱ佫гˡ
˵ıֵҲٰһֵȻҲΪˡ
˵ı֣ȻҲǺĵһޣϾ˵ŬʵıһܸӼǡ
˳شսƷصɽ֮УȻǽᡣ
û취˭ЩУֻ⿣ҷ𱪵ʬȻҲֻܽˡ
ҹһΧá
ҲΪһγԼɱޣȻԵøˡ
Сһ͵̱ɲǰͷѾϻѺ濾ҷ˭ɱ
˿һ˫ССĳһڵĿͷԵġ
Сһ༫ΪѿһͽԼŪֻͣȷʵ˿ȥᣬɿеĿ֮󣬳ԲĹĵС壬̶Ҫ
СʳҲϰΪǳһ鿾˹ȥͬʱСһۣ˵ǼûԶ˰ɣôСҭ㡣
С˿ĻüЦؽӹĿ⣬̶ͷ
ҲֻǷԵ̫õӦ顣
ղûмڣС͵̧ͷСŵüһֻԼǰԲĹĵĶӣֻС۾ü󣬲ͣؽлš
ģòҲ֪һǱҭˣֻһＴǱҭܣȴʼղϽеĿӵִ˲֪θ롣
һСģһ㶣̶Ц˳٣汻˵ˣһô̰ԡ
һԵ״۵رСĺ󱳣ͬʱֵض˵Сʲôôһʶû취
ֵʣǺٺٸЦûд𻰡
İСڼѵؽںĹͷ˳
ֻǣһ̣һﾹûܵѵеĿ⣬
СһٶʱɽһƬЦ
ĵطСĹҲǲ̫ġ


76 ҿײȥ
ĴĪΣڤ˸߶żǳȥѰʵ֮⣬˵ʱ伸ɽжɹ
һ죬ƽվסѨԶһϿ֮С
ιҪʲôῴΧһƬߣЩɻʵ
һһȻ𣺡ЩӣΪܿ죬ƾͷޣ׿ԽҲһ͡
ָ֪Ȼˡ
ô˵ѵʲôð취ܹΪ֪˵ȻĿģڴʵ
ڤأﻹϤǰѰһЩΪҩ˵
ܴһ£һƬߣ᲻ɻﶼǹͺͺʯͱڣʲôҩ᲻Ǵˣ
㼱ʲôȻһƬߣǰһ·һƬ֣ǵĿĵء˵
£漴ѵϢһЩʵǿޣڵʱԸˡ
һɴ󼱣ͬʱŭ˵Ȼ֪ҶԸ˵ޣ㻹
Щ޶˵϶޷ԸңȻ׽ŵ˵
ԣǷ˷ۣ˵֮ǰ˵ֲԣҪô
ΣյʱԼҿײȥҲȻ
㾹ȻҪԼҿײʱĿɿڴһʮ˵ֱ˵Ĺ졣
ε̾˿˵Ϊ𣿺ôǰҲҵģԺܹʱ̫̣
һʱ֪λش
мƵػǰȥܿϿ棬ԶԶȥȻһƬ֣滹һ峺Ϫˮ仺Χ
⣬ʱٴ𣺡ˣʱ޳ûɲҪˡ
ĴԼײ𣿡Щĵʵ
ֻ赭д˵һ仰᲻ٶʡ
Ļɲô
һ仰ֱӴߡ
Ҫ֪ƽԼЦ
ֻ֮࣬Сسȥ
һΪӪĽģΣսӽȻ㣬Ҳ³ɣ
ԣεЦЦղһԼ޷ԸޣһʱžԼи߼״
״ʲôֵʵ
ᵣ֪Լһ̽⹤ߣֻ»һٿĭֻܺؽ
Էĵᣬܿͽ
֪ΪΣÿǰһܻһִʮΧĲݴޣ۾һ
룬ָоǿңһʱ䣬ҵĹ۲ţģݷ˼ҵһ
̬ȣѾˣܸɴıտڲԣԸ֪ͨϸڸѰš
Ҫҵҩʲôģôˣûҵ𣿡Щʵ
û˵ΪĶô𣿡
ԣֻñͣǰȥ
ϸ۲죬ᷢһ·ǰűߣÿʱÿΧôһ
ȻȻײΪܲɲԼСЦ
ֻΣյʱ򣬵һʱԼײΣӶ֡
һ·
Щͷ׼ѯ֮ʱȴͻȻ
ߵǰԡ
Ȼף
ʱ˵Сĵ㣬ȵˡ
ԣͷϸһһ䰵ɫĹҰ̽ͷֻҪ빫ҡ
ⳤҰҪҵҩΪɻʵ
ǻ˵ɲʲôҰ黨Ʒݣǲɶõϡ
ڼǰǸŪ⺺ҲֿԵĴͨȻȻ˵ЩҲ
޼ɹЩ֮У˸ϵĲͬѧ֮⣬Ҳһᵽġ
ֻ֪޷ںû̫ϵԵҲֻǲݲݵشһ飬㱻ֶһˡ
ȻҪҩʦˣֻ»֪
Ҳ֪޼ɹڴ½ųȻĵλΪٹŵ֮ͨ
Ǳݲ֮׵һԵģԪ½ҩʦġ侭
⡶侭ǧǰ½һҩʦ½صĽ½һĵá
ֻǧһֱֻ֪һ侭ȴδ˼
˭뵽ⱾҩʦΪʥġ侭ǻᱻ޼ɹã᲻֪˿̻ں֮ǽһش
ʵ޼ɹӵⱾ侭ϡ棬Ϊ½籾޼ɹѼĵӣ޼ɹĵ̣Ҫһ½һҩʦƺҲʲôܵ顣
֪ģ֮¿ûм
Ȼǲǡ侭ҲǴ֪һЩʮֻĶ֪ϴӵ͵߹ʮƷ߼ʮƷϣƬ½ϸڡ
Ե֮УΨǾƷϲΪҲΪϡеĴڡ
ǰ黨ȻǲɶõİƷϣһ˲Ҳļֵڡ
ⶫҪóȥָܹļǮţ׼黨ժ¡
ʱͻȻѵСˣǼһˡ
ʲôǼһԣһ㶣̶Ӧɫ䣬Щֵ˵˵޿ˣ
ϻһͷƷޣ㶯֣˵
֪ƭҲ˵Ķʲô˼
еĿ־ɿȫûȥݺݵҧҧ׼ǰǿźʵɣ˵ֱͦͦײȥ
ԴͼӲɺݺײһ˲һƵײ
ֻԴһƬѣƺͷΧ
һ̣ʶ㳹ԣҲصһԡ
ʱһ԰˸ߵĲݶ֮УȻܳһӰӡ
ǳӰӣٶּֿգۼᡣ
ӰӼӴ֮ʱ嶼Ҫµᣬһģڰһɵķȵ䵽󷽡
һ²Ӻ͵ײγ棬ͬʱñܿӰӵϮ


77 Ѫ˫ͷ
һýȻᣬԭȵ
վ֮ؿǰͻȻðӰӣǹһĨЦ˵δΪ˲١
ʱܹȻһ
ΪͻȻֵ޺Ȼһߣ߻ʰɫ˳Ծǣͷߵǰ˾ȻԴ
΢˽ˣȻܹһϳǰⳤԴ϶ӵļһѪ˫ͷߡ
˵Ѫ˫ͷ߻綾ֻҪ΢һ㣬̻һ̲ʬˮνһΣա
дԣѪ˫ͷԽƻ̣Ǳϵ׷ҹǲŹ
ֻѪ˫ͷߵƷﵽ˵Ʒ۷֮ʱѡһδչӶгһܹƷ硣
֪Щ֪ͬѪ˫ͷνıչΪǰ黨
黨ɲؼȻɣҪѪ˫ͷûûҹԼڵľ綾ַܹ͡
Ҳ˵黨ֵĵطȻһѪ˫ͷ̾ᣬ֮ͬ
֪֮黨Ϊǰ֮ʱѪ˫ͷߣһһһ
ֻΪֻеڣ죬ȴûнܣƻߡ
ʱĸԱ赱ʱΪԸһͷƷ޸軨̫ۼѪ˫ͷ߶ߣȴû׷
Լ׵ľٶʮֲ⣬ֱһ֮󷽲ף֮ԷŹѪ˫ͷߣΪı黨
黨ʮֲףʱѪ˫ͷʱ丽黨δɡ
⼫Ϊ黨˵ʲôҲǲģѪ˫ͷߵĿģΪ˵ȵ黨֮ʱȡߡ
ȥ黨Ѫ˫ͷЩϤǳ׿ԭٹЩӾҪ黨̷ϣܹƷѩ˫ͷߣ벻ʱȻ⣬ͼ黨βѪ˫ͷŭ쳣
űƽԴϵӣѪ˫ͷѪͫ׷һĺ⣬ע
ǸܵǰϾвĿֲϢѪ˫ͷߺ޲ǰȥһ̲ʬˮ
Ѫ˫ͷĿ⣬˿塣
껹ǵڵѪ˫ͷߣ˵˿ѻָΪ
һƷѪ˫ͷߣôܻ
˫Ƭ̣ǿѹ֮£Ѫ˫ͷȰ׳ǲŤ
ͫв˸漴øƵ
Ѫ˫ͷߵʮ˽⣬֪˿Ѫ˫ͷ߱ϿȥһΪģƵƵ˸ʵѪ˫ͷߵһѪͫӡ
һ㲻˽Ѫ˫ͷͨߣһֱѪ˫ͷߵ۾ֻƬ̱ᱻ䳹׿񣬴Ӷвֻþֱȥ
֪һһЦ˵һ㳤ûУƭ˵İϷǰûá
˵ţһɿƵѪ˫ͷߵıͬʱһȣȵȻΪָĿֱѪ˫ͷߵߴ֮
ߴ֮Ѫ˫ͷ߷Ϊĵط
ӣѪ˫ͷߵʵ˵ã㵹Ǻ͵ϵͨһ
Ѫ˫ͷ߱Ϊʶļܶŭ쳣˿ǸоĶɻŵ˻
ͬʱټ춼̶űƽԴתſѪ̴ڣһīɫϸС֮Ѫ˫ͷߵĿ³ֱȥ
һҲϵãѪ˫ͷΪõ˫
Զ֮нѪ˫ͷڵĶҺν綾ޱȣһͬһʼ˵һʬˮ
ֲ˫ȴһ򶨡
ֱһӣһȻڱŷǽǾ綾ޱȵ˫ֱ飬ĩһء
Ѫ˫ͷǲа˫ֻ˿Ե˫޷
ϾֻǵƷޣʵ࣬ھԵǰСϷв
ۼԼ޷˼Ѫ˫ͷǶԳӼ̶¶һ˿ӺͿ־塣
һ˲Ѫ˫ͷ߸ҶǼæټһԵĲݶ֮дȥ
ڵΪѪ˫ͷôܹܹ룬һգ۵Ĺٴ׷ͬʱзһȣҪܣֱ롣
˫һαֱܵѪ˫ͷϷĿһһϸľָ߷ٶȣֱûѪ˫ͷߵߴ֮
ܵشѪ˫ͷ߶ʱʹѣԴʹϵҡţǾ
ƲˣͬλֱָѪ˫ͷ߲ٶͣ
Ѫ˫ͷߵʬԱߣϸؼһȷȷʵѾȥŷĵ黨ǰؽնϣȻ黨뻳С
Ѿ͸˵Ѫ˫ͷߣ±һѪ˫ͷߵβͣ뿪˴˴
˴ĿʮȷΪ黨ѣ֪ͬѪ˫ͷ߳ûĵطȻݲ˵ˡ
ҲڽѪ˫ͷ֮ûнһѰϵԭ
Ѫ˫ͷߵβͣܿص˶Ѩ֮С
Ȼ˿Ѿѹƿ塣
ᣬȥˣɻʵ
ͻȻһ쳹ɽ
ѭȥȴѾͷ˿СɷףĿֵָѪ˫ͷߣ˵
漴ҲƳһԵȻǰ󺰴У۲ϸỹǷ¶һĨ֮ɫ
ͷ˿Ѿ͸˵Ѫ˫ͷߣ漴ҲǷӦвɿЦ뵽ŮӣණųС
Ἰ˵˵֮£Ѿͷ΢ƽֻȴʼնԶԶģҿᡣ
ԴˣʮΣֻȽѪ˫ͷ߷ڶ⡣
˵ӵ򲻿ܵģǸͷѪ˫ͷȫǱֻҪõ⣬黨ĹЧǶżĺô
ֻǵὫһ뷨߼֮ѾͷһҡͷʾԼԡ
ЩΪѵ˵ҪǶ𣿡
ҲѵüһصĴС¶һСŮ̬кЦ֮࣬ȴװһӣ˵ǼͻƷޣǵΪкܴİԱԣ
һйأҲͲٶԣֻеľֲû˶ɢ
Сɷ׵ضһԽ䣬ӻɪɪ


78 
ҹɽȼΧһȦǶһ뿴ȥʮճİɫҺ塣
ۣ漴ÿüҲǽס
ҺвɢĴ̱ζǵԴСЩԽܡ
һţֻѽЩŻĶӵԶԶġ
ŨİɫҺѪ˫ͷߵѪҺ
ҪѪҺζŻȴǲɶõҩ֮󲻽ڽҪѪ˫ͷǶ֮ѪҺȴǽⶾʥҩ
Ԫ½һ˵ǺѪ˫ͷߵѪҺٶֵľ硣
ȻȻ⻰ЩţܹЧص󲿷ֶȴǧȷġ
Ϊû˵꣬ɲѪ˫ͷߵѪҺжôȳţֱһȵþ⡣
ֵǣ⿴ȥŻѪҺȵȴǻһɸ죬Щδͷ촽
һȴ̲סһƤǿһĿᡣ
ѾͷƬǿŵش󺰴磬̫ˣôֲĶ㾹Ȼȵýζ
һ㶣̶ˣ˵ıƺЩ
΢£Ŀеĺ壬ɿЦ
̶һתаЦߣװһģѹ˵ⶫȻ಻ãȳޱȣȴżĹЧǧҪ˷ѣҪҷٺһ㣬ұСƨɡ
Сɷ׵ؿᣬ̶ЩƵĿԼС㡣
Ҫ飬ҪǲȣɱҰӵĴЩֲ޹ҹŻ˵
ʱؿᣬҪ޳ˡ
ģΪۣذһۣ΢صˣҲǵģ֪СŻ
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ֻԼҲûע⵽˿ԴȴЩͬ
΢΢ԥ£漴ȰοҲΪãȻ㲻ҺȣȺȣҺҲԹ԰ˡ
˵ţ㽫Ѫ˫ͷߵѪҺǿȳ̱ǵζһȥ
ԭΪȳѪҺʣȻǺһһ룬̶˾һ
Ƭ֮һůڣš
Щȵ˵ⶫȥţȴû뵽ͬȪˮһ̫ˡ
˿֮ı龹Ҳһв졣
ֻһˣǲʲôһصĴС㶼¶ı飬Ͳ˸еˡ
ѵⶫôúȣ
һۣȻˣҲûѣ˲ԼͬĽѪ˫ͷߵѪһغ˸ɾ
ף
˺꣬Ҳһޡ
ֳֻʣûȣ᲻һԴߴš
۸ߣסļ˵㿴ҶȥˣղƭģⶫȻȥŻһҲѺȡ
桭𣿡͵ʵȻʮֺ¡
һЦ˵Ȼģʲôʱƭأ
Ļãǿᣬ̶ſɰüͷͷŨİɫѪҺ
ã۾һǸϸ̳ģűһȹ⡣
֮󣬹˲˹һԵˮڴڵĺ
ģҲһЦ
ںѪ˫ͷߵѪҺ֮㽫黨ȡ˳ķԸֳݣü˷ֱ¡
ԭں黨ǲɶõϣΪյأȻûƣټ黨ʮ⣬һûоѪ˫ͷ߶ҺĽή
ȻЩҲû취
ˣ黨Ѫ˫ͷߵѪҺһһศɣЧʮ֮
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⻹Ϊ˵Ϊ޷̫Ӵָ˵ࡣ
ȻѾ߱ǿߵΪ黨󲿷֮ǰѪ˫ͷߵѪҺܿҲڲһɴů
ҲʱᣬλᣬԽһҲƿˣֻҪܽҲƿأΪĳɾʹһ᲻ƵĻ
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۹۱ǿڹģܿڡ
ûмſʼתǰµ黨Ѫ˫ͷߵѪҺеģٽתԼ
İһʱҲһء
ˣټЩһϸ׼ĳ
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һν֤һ׶һ޶Ĺʱ̣һɹպܵƣԪ½κһķ
һ뵽鲻Խ˷
ּܿо
˿ὫԼ״̬ѣ׼ӭÿÿϢԵʹ
Ȼָʾ֮£˲ؿʼѹȻܵʹ
ֻһ˲֮䣬ϵѪɫʣĺ˳ջ䡣
˿һ֮״Ϊ׼黨Ѫ˫ͷߵİһᲢûԹȥ
ǿžʹϵزؼѹ
ǿ֧֮£ܿģԭ쳣̼ɶ
ȴûиеκθˣΪɹǰʹѾռ˼ά
ݺҧҧǿżʧȥʶЩɢµѾɶ˵׼һγ
ɰܱڴһ١
嫰ʱһ̼ͬһݺݵײ֮ϡ
ǱǰҪֲʹͷ¶ɫŤüΪ¡
һݼţûзκβҽС
Ϊһ̣ҸķԼڻ˹ȥ
ȻڻǰͬܵԭȻ˿Ӵ֮£Ѿ˱仯
֪ɹˣһһҲɹͨˡ
ʣµ飬Ȼ⣬ڣЩƺ˵Сһ
ǰеͷ
֮Ҳǵһʱ壬ʼɢ


79 
ٴʱ򣬱Ѿе֪ڵİǱɹƿˡ
Ҳζţӽտʼˡ
һʱ䣬Ҳ˷ܲѡ
ԣǰôΣգȻѾƽȹ˿̵ԼӵԼʱȫͬġ
漴뵽ԭǿߣôǷζڵΪͬﵽ֮
Ȼ֪뷨ʱˮ˵˷̫ܵ磬ڵ޷ӳ⸱Ӧеʵ
ΪʲôҲѾȫƿˣѵ޷ʹ𣿡üͷʵ
Цһ˵˵ĲѾƿأڵĳ̶ȣ޷Ĳٿսʱܹӳʮ֮һʵѾʮֲˡ
֮ǰ㲻ҲǵƷޣΪʲôȴܣ᲻˵
ȻؽţԿʼʱѾʮ꣬ҶϤ̶ȣ⸱ԭȱҵģҪӳ⸱ԭȵʵȻټ򵥲
£̶˵㣬ŸոսӴȻɹƿ˰֪Ǹѧߣڵĳ̶Ҫڿưͬʱӳ⸱ԭеʵܰ쵽
һʱƲѡ
ԭΪƿ˰ܹ֮ӵΪʱԪ½ݺᣬ˭뵽ȴ
漴뵽һһһʼ֪£ȴǲԼʵ̫ɶˡ
㲻Թ֮ԲȻΪãҲû˵ʵֹֻͣǰ˵
ԣ۾һ̶û˵ô˵˰졣
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ⷬͣԵõһ˿ο
ҽôἱеʵ
˵
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ϸ۲ڻʣ¶ٹƵ˵
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Ͼ䣬ΣյûһʵϣҪȥô׵ģԭȵԼҲҲǼҲᣬں֮ڵΪڣ˵
ЩӴʹĿ
οѵѾȥֻҪټӰѾջһӵгʵġ
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˲֪ı仯Դӷ黨Ѫ˫ͷߵѪҺ֮󣬼һֱ״̬֮С
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˹˴£֮УʵҲ˼Ľ
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Ϊ֤Լڵʵ״һʲô̶ȣһ죬ɽ棬дһ
һҪԼд裬ɫЩ˵ᣬ֪ҲŸոͻƵڣⲻ۸𣿡
İɣֻԣ˵ġ˵
˿˷ܣϾϣһԼʵսҲɥŵ˷ܵ˵СˣҪˡ
˵̤꣬˹ȥ
Ĵд裬ɫһ䣬֪޷⣬ֻʰ飬æӭȥ
Ϊ黨ǰΪͻѧͽĽ׶ΣӶڡ
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Թ˼УоʹȻԶʤûдﵽ޷ֵĳ̶ȡ
ûиеκ֣Ϊ˶ʵսŹˮģ뵽漴񣬲ϵسרĵӦ
֪һ뷨ֻ»Цã˿̵ûκηˮǾԼȫġ
һд裬ûнκΰȫԼս
һԵۼҪд裬Ҳ²վһԹۿš
˿̼òֺҲǿýζ
˷ܵش󺰵ͣ
ЩֻǱСﾲվһߣֻʱ޿̶ƶƶż¶һĨǳǳЦ
ȻСЩ۾ȴһգգؿ˵ĶȻڹĦ˵ĶӶѧһЩ顣
һִģȻʵҪ߳ΪҪôھܷӳٵÿȴҲеġ
ֻΪĶսʵ̫٣˽˶ʮغϣûзֳʤ
ͬСӴܰսʵڸеȻζΪܹʵֻǿԼȥ
С˿УбһҰһ߿һ߶ųнֵ˷ָָܵ㣬ٲȻһֵĹģ
С⸱ӣҲεССԴ캬Цؿᡣ
˽ʱԽҲӦƿضȸ˽һ
һԭƾеתۼѾƵò˺
ڶһȭ֮ץסһؿڴڵأһεдҲ͵˽


80 ҹ̸
ʱᣬԵʮ˷ܡ
ȻֻڣȴǿԼʵġ
֮ǰԼʱƾָܵǼ߸˷쳣
Դ˵ûʲôо˵ӡУ᱾ʵҪԶԶࡣ뵱Լ֮ʱƾһ֮㽫ڶߵֵ֮ڤظɱͷƷޡ
ʵոڵĳѧֵܵġ
ȻΪִд裬ϵĻҳӵվɻʵᣬ㵽ʲôɹ𣿡
Ȼܸ˹Щ飬ֻܺһ̶صɽ֮Ϣ
úܿ𣿡ͻȻ
ڱȻҵһԼ֣ܶȻġ
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ᷭ˷ۣȥ⡣
˭ǿ޼ɹٹѾǿߵ֡һôܹԼ顣
᲻ȥ⣬ȴûзŹǼ˵ղǷд裬Ҳ˽ΪҲʹ֮ۺ񣬸޷սʤ
һ΢ЩԾ̶üͷʵɣ
ѵΪһڶԸһո̤ĳѧߣҪôĹ𣿡ʵ
ʱԭΪõʱʧӰ١
Լĵ·ᰵš
ӣἸǳУżҲָһ˵ָĹУҲѧ˲ٶЩ˵ҲЩ
ʱ÷ɿ죬Դڤ֮в֪Ѿ˴ˡ
꣬һ˵ΪҲ˺ܴ
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ҲŮʱĹ뷿ˣڼǽʣһľᵽ棬ÿһС˶ἷһŴϢ
ССһﳤÿɰޱȣȻҪϲ٣ÿն˯ŮĻ֮Уν޸ޱȡ
һ죬ڤѾҹĻ١
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룬ֻܵ˵αȥЩȻһжѾβǰֻʣһ˿ʶ֮УҶδипֺ֣αѰա
ЦЦˣȻⱲӿѾ޷ص򣬵㻹ܹȥ˿̵Ҳ֪ô˵
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ݣ򲻻ȥߵڶ˵ģ˵Ψһܹ˽ˡ
иԼʮ˽ߣǼ£ͻȻ뵽һԺҪȢŵʱҪƤºŶ
һ뵽Ա߹ۿѵĻ붼᲻
һʼ˵Ҳѵʰ˭֪һﾹͻȻ뵽档
һʱ䣬ƿڴ
ᷭ˷ۣƲ˵лŮǿǺŲҪһӶڿжɹʲô壬ֲһһ񡣡
⸱̬ʮֲڽһ;üΪҪⱲԸǳΪ½һǿߣȻ޼ɹһߵĲΡ
ǰʮ꣬ҲһֱĿŬţʮǳѾõǿߣйȻ޼ɹ࣬츳ŬҲǲܺԵġ
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̶һĹشض֮С
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ûΪ֮ʱѾ֪˭
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˾һ˭Ҳûп˵
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С˿ҶѣȻӦ໥ֲŶԡ
⻰˵꣬Ǳߵֵ˵ҲǸ˵ҪٽСˣԼѾûˣҲʲôСˣͿˡ
˭֪ͻȻ̾˿˵ᣬ˵Լһи˵һ𣿡
㶣漴ҲԼҵ飬ܵĴν
ϸ˴᷽֮ų԰οȻѾβǰǰҲѾӦС񣬵뿪֮ҶԼҵġ
Ļûκθ֮飬̾˵ᣬ᲻̫˽ˣ±޹أȴңһУ֪Ҫα㡣
㵱վһҲܻڣҲĸԸġЦ˵


81 һ
ȻȹһأҲǾ֮ͣѾȹˣݶֻⱲӶˡعͷҹһԾӨһգգضᣬ˵š
иܵһ˿˿м֮⣬һ˿˵ζ
ͻȻͷһ˵ǲˡ
һڣڲѡ
аԼ죬Ȼʱ˵ͻĻⲻڳ֮Σ
⻰ڵ˵ŵϵĿų̶ȣҲ͵ǸЦ
Ԫ½һҲ˽ķԶûǰ㿪š
Ȼⷬ漴Ĭǰʮֻ谵Ծܹ˿һƬ糺졣
εͷԥƬ֮󣬱㿪Ҫʲô
ղšǸ
û˵꣬ȴǴǰᣬֻȴǼŨŨɬ֮⣬Ӭ˵ˣôû
һʱæ͵ǸҲģǧҪᣬҲûǸ˼ղǻ͵ûԲ𡣡
ʾ֭Ҫ͸ղŵ֮٣ֻҲ֪ⷬûá
ʵȻղһʱڿֺ֮γûĵ뷨
Դӵ·ϰ˻ȥбһ֮ʮָм
źദǰλʵ׵Ůӣ˵ûа뷨˵ġ
Ը񣬵ƴڻ뿪
˿ⷬƴͣǱʶǲʲôõӡ󣬶һȴأûзֵġ
εΧ˿νڵҪܼץȴ˿ûκΰ취
Ҳǿ⸱ģԭһ糺Ҳ̲סһЦ⣬̶˵㲻ö˵Բ𣬸ղǻҲܵûһһֱġ
һ仰漴뿪
ɵɵؿ뿪л˼һ仰˼
Դ̸֮ЩֻյĹ۲죬ͬһ㣬ûбֳκҲʱ˿
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ΧϢȻӵ֮ΪԸЩӦòʲô¡
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һ߸пţжȴûϾʨô˵Χܿϸ㰤˺üȭ⼸ɡ
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֮ǰԼңΪܹСһ׽ǱϷһЩͯ£ԼŵľȻ˵ҲЩ仯ڽЩͯµǲʺϡ
ͯ£Ҫʲô
ʲôĹ£ʵ
ҪĹ£㵱ǻûŶȿ
磿һ֪ⷬΪζͷðһ亹漴۹ҲƳһԵͻȻЩ
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һССļҶҲȻܹλСķģҵҲȤĹ¡һֵ˵
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һԵ˿ȴǺ֪˵磬㲻֪ҽ⡶ƷҶĹ»ȥССҲϲĺ񡣡
£漴˼һ˵룬ҵöˡ
һʱͷð亹Ŀ˸Ƴ


86 
ᣬһʱѾˣܹ뿪𣿡վԣһ˿ǵ˵
ԭҲûʲôգһٿ϶Ҳˡ
Ͼʶôã˵ĻûƭҲʮš
ʱһĵӣǰο˵㲻Ҫģ⼸ڣڤȻٴγֵġ
ԣص˵ͷ漴ؿᣬ漴˵ʵʱ룬ڤȻ˵㣬ȴҲǲֻγȥ֮Ҫһݰǲˡ
Ȼ֪룬޷뿪֮ҪԵĽ۹֮һؼҵ׷ɱ
ⱳҲǲУֻʱҲ޷Ū塣
ֻؼңһȻȻԼһڵʱǲǵĿ꣬οԼѾڣֻʣˡ
ԣ˿̵ǼϲǣϲȻܹ뿪ƬĴ޵ĹطǵǻصԪ½֮һݱ¶޾׷ɱ
飬Ҳο⣬ֻܰο˵İɣȻҴӦСһʳԵġ
ʱͻȻתֱضӳĬ
Ůţ˭ֻҲ᲻ڣοڤһദоԼ֮ƺЩ仯
ҿôж𣿡˵ţԼ˼¡
ֻǣԴ˻ȻԾһգգضֱֱʱ˵ᣬΪʲôҪң
ţҲ˵ȹһҰӦõġ˵ֻǲ֪ΪһεƺЩӲ
ͬʱҲԼѵΪȹ
ΪԭҲȹأ˵ݶѻ꣬ҰԼԸƽΣӦѶԶԶģΨֱ֮
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Щãƺֻ֣˵ʵһҲͨˣԼҵҺС飬ҲӦٰǣҲ֪ݶȻ򵥣ҲϣΪҺСΣ֮Уһʮֹⲻȥġ
˵ʲôʲôݣֻҪ֪ɣҼȻѾӦСȻʳԣͲȰˡҡҡͷ˵
㵹еˡͻȻ
ʲôѵƽʱûа𣿡ûػ
һ˵㵹֪
ʱ
ִ⣬ʲôƬ֮󷽲չһЦ˵»ǵҳȥ֮˵ɣʣ⼸һ㽫Ĺ½ء
˵꣬תȥֻһ˱Ƕ磬ԼһıӰ
㶵ؿȥıӰ漴Դǹֵɢ˽ȥ
֮ԭͻȻ۾
ڸոգֲɽ춯ƺڤˡ
ϢվͬʱԸ˸Ͽʰöһɽ档
Ȼճɽ㷢ֲԶϿһƬ
龰һǰڤʱһģһ
пϲʺΣķĹطһ꣬ˣܹ뿪Ϊ֮ء
ʱҲǸʰͬģҲǿ˿仯϶¶һ˿ϲɫ
ӹݹİ˷ɿسǺۼĵط첽ȥ
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ȻЩ޺˲࣬Ͼܹӵ޺˵ٶҪڵƷ֮ϣһе޺ҲŶѡ
һ˷ɿǰţƬ̵ĹѾǺŨƽԭ֮ϡ
Ҳ֪ǡɻԭˣڤۼĵطǵǵһνڤصƬƽԭ
˷ܵضǰ𽥳͵ڤһʱҲǸ˵˵
ڴע֮£ܿģڤѾγһ˸ߵĺɫС
ڤ֣᲻ɷ˵ͷ˷Ը죬Һ棬һڤֻʧǿɾҪٵһʱˡ
˸ѣԾĸһͬǵڤ֮С
һתѣθдǰһ̻²һˣգ۱㳹ʧȥ˼
֪˶ãٴ֮Щѣţ漴գۿΧΧľ˿ǺһƬ֮С
ԼΧļˣæ˽ѡ
ǰ飬쿪ʵᣬǻ𣿡
ῴ˿ܣƬȴǴûмһʱ䵹ҲȷǷѾ뿪ڤء
Ҳʰһ£Ǳ߱˵Ը˵
ܿ죬˱ɢİ̶һ·ǰȥ
Ҳ֪ʲôطҲʹֻ֮ͬ£ֻ̽·
һᷢƺ룬һʱ鲻ɻȥ
ѵ˵ǻû뿪ڤأа
а֮ʱͻȻ֮дһ
һʱɫԱ䡣
Ϊһ޵˽Ϊƺδ뿪ڤء
δһָƬ̶ּһذĶܿǰŴ׷׵һ׳Ӱ漴ǰ
ǵƷޣĿ⥣ܿʶ
õѣһ漴ЩЦţû뵽û뿪ڤء
ᣬô죿ǰͻȻֵȻɵĵ˵
ĿʵҲ˸ߣ״˼ΪƣΨһȽӡ̵ıһﳤֻ۾
Ŀ⥱ɴ˵
Ŀǰ¶һԻĳЦݣ漴һ˫ϥĳۺݺݵĴԼʵţжʱһĺ
Ŀ⥵һ𣬶ʱԭžҵ졣
ȻϢ⸽޸ܵĿɢƷ׷Ӵܡ
֮ǰʱᵹûʲôµ
ȻǰĿǵƷޣһĿޣѽȣ㻹δܴﵽԭΪڰƿصĳ̶Խӵ˵֮ʵ
ڵʵԸһֻƷޣʲôΣգοԱ߿ǻ֡


87 һı仯
ڤȻΣķޱȡͬģһ꣬ҲǼĶһ˵ʵ
Σʱ̣ܱ޵Ǳһ궼ǻ谵СѨΪ棬˱㹻ɱʳ
ȻһʼڣԽǵ±ƿأΪԽ𽥵أҲǲڳ棬תֻǳָᡣ
˵ڤغİʱڣһ˵ʳǿԣҲĶʵ
ʵҲԸðգƣҲֻεĽܡ
ڲϵУΪҲѾﵽ˵ڵľ硣ȻⲢʵ̶ֻһʱزǼˣںʱ»ص磬ǾҪԺŬˡ
ֻеڵΪΪͬޣܷӳԶԶҪһĵߡ
ǰĿ⥿ֻƷޣǰ⼸̫СˣֻһƱܹȫĳ
ڵַصߣĿ⥿ûʲôƢ
˷ӦĻᣬĿŭһټ͵سֱ˫޴ֱͬһ˹
ܵХƿ죬᲻Ҵ⣬ǰһǰѵӰ轣ӭȥͬʱɿ˵˺һﲻöԸ
ͬԴǰСȭͷݺݵӰ轣֮ϣһ졣
Ŀ⥵ȭͷһӲһûиĿ⥴κ˺һ֣һǿķֱۣͨһŲһ٣ηɿȥ
ðԵа
ʱ漴𣺡Ҫ⣬Ŀ⥵ԶʤͬƷޣӲӲʮֲǵġ
Ҹôɿʵ
ܼ򵥣Ŀ⥵ǿٶԽĻᡣ˵
ԣҲ𻰣ȴ֪˵껰һ˲䣬ڵ˱仯
ΪĹϵս֮ʱᶼϰԵʹսⲢζֻһϵ似
һĥ£ڰƿԶԶĵΪҪƾȼ٣ʹܹӳ֮ʵͬʱڰĲϳԺҲᶮսлϵת·ߡ
ñڣڵ֪Ŀ⥵ٶȣѾһ˲佫ڵ·߸ı䣬ǽպͬһʱǷƿء
һϵб仯˵ܳתȴգۼţ濴ȥκα仯ֻһ˲䣬µٶͻȻࡣ
һ߶Ŀ⥲ϻȭͷڰıηλڱܿĿ⥽ϵĹ֮£ΧĿͣĴţͼҵһʵĽᣬʱ˿ͬһֻɵĺʮš
ڿһ۾һһνϤޱȣʹõһǡѩӰеĵǧ
һʱ䣬ʵĲŬָ֮£ϸݵĸʵͻͽı仯
𿴻ǸӣΪѾﵽڵľ磬ѽԶԶ˦档
ҲǶмӣͱﵽ֮ԹûУǵ½ǲ١
ЩһǸľӢӣʷκһ֮Уֻ¶Ὣ䵱ص
Ȼ޼ɹܳĵӲûУȴҲࡣ
ɴ˱֪жôޡ
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ֻǣĿŭ޷׽Ӱ
ΪŭգĿ⥵ĹֶҲǳһ˿ҡ
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˾ѻᣬµǧõ£һӰӹȻĿҲ࣬ٴθı䡣
˲䣬еӰ轣һâ˹ȥ
׶ǣ
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ϵë޷Զ̼
Ŀתῴȥֻ۾һ˵Ŀ⣬Ȼһ˵ͬʱҲǳ׼ŭĿ⥡
𣡡
һѹֵĵͺĿ⥾ǲϵƣٴγ˹һεٶȾǱԭȿϲ١
һݣ䱸֮ɫӰ轣һ漴һ
Сĵ㣬һ￴Ǳŭˣ˿̴ƴԴһ˿صѵ
Ȼ֪ǰһﲢǣٶٴνת·ת֮ϡȻĿ⥵ٶ˲٣ʹǧҲǳصġ
һһСӰּ䲻Ͻ׷š
ʱһһֱۿսȻҲЩղһʾڵǧƺµᡣ
˿̼ǴһòȺӦһΧͬʱ˷ܵ˵磬㡣
䣬ССӰѾĿ⥵˫ֽ棬ɿӡ
Ӱ
ɫӡǷɿ콻һһȣ˫͵һӣɫӡգ۱Ŀ⥡
ڵʵѾܹȫԦסӰ˿ǾвС
ܵĹĿȻ壬Ҳ֮£ֻת˫۵ֵķӰ


88 ռ
Ȼ׿ӵʵ˿ĹڵƷĿʵ㲻ʲô
Ŀ⥸Ҳֱ͵һӣɫӡǴ淢һը죬ȴûиĿ⥴κ˺
ҲûָԼĹܹ˺Ŀ⥣ĿֻΪǣͷŭޣӶỻһ˿ᡣ
ȻһǣƣǱߵѹֻβ˷գ۱Ŀ󣬺һǰһγɼл֮ơ
СǣһԸСĵ㡣ɿ˵
ɿӦһۼĿ⥳˹ҲսΧĵΣĿ⥵ĹʱʱѰһĿһС鷳
˿̣Ѿ׼ŭĿ⥼˰֣ŭ¸ȥܱᣬֻһĳ񲻶ϵĻ˫ۣͼ⵨ɱ
ò˵ڱŭеĿȷʵʮֲֿΧľǿ񱩵Ĺ֮£Ѿ˲٣ԭȥ͵֣˿ȴһƬǽ壬ľɢһء
еĿ⥣ҲЩľû뵽һʵȻᣬԣ޷ֵ
ֻῴվ
Ŀ⥾ȻĴڣתȥԸµ󡣶һĴᶨǲŹ
һὣ׷ϣӰ轣һ˲仯ӰĿ⥴˹ȥ
ӰӳɲǼһǿƾճ֣ϸ۲죬ᷢǼٷеΧһâ
âںϣ±ͬ׵һĿ⥡
ѿվף
ϵת·Ѿٴα仯˿óһѿվףһϵ
֮ͬһߣӵеǿΪ̫עٶȺͷȴҲһ㡣
һߣսʱǲͣĽһǰѹԷʵߣ߿籩ĹǺ֧ŵס
˿̣ʹѿվףǵ޼ɹЩ߽һΪǡķеһ似
ֻѿվʹõǳǹ±Ӱ轣ϣҪԵϲ١
ǰϲݶı壬һǵΪϲƬΪĴ½ıҲǳǹҲʱĥлǷȥŪһ˳ǹ
Ȼûгǹ֣ΪѿվӰ轣಻ĿܹСġ
£ʹһѿվˣƾĿ⥵ʵѽ£ֻǱ˶ÿʧȥǣ̶ǣơ
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ת˲˺Ŀ⥵ƤӰ轣ڵƵûĿ⥵ؿ֮
һϸ΢죬ȵѪ˳Žɿʳ
ֱ΢΢ɫȥƣĿ⥵ڣǿ񱩵գۼ㽫Ŀ÷顣
γѪʱȾĿ⥵ë
һԵ񿴵УĿ⥵ؿڴһĿ
Ŀܵһֻ۾ͽȻþһ˿һټȻһƬ
Ŀȥǳ˿
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һ˳ĴĿȡ޺ˣһţ̶صͷصߡ
սҲǵһʱӭȥеؿˣѯʵû°ɣ
㣬㲻ҪСңںôҲˣôˡ˵ţ˵ˣ⣬ֺαصġ
߹ֵص񣬼̶ᣬϸ˵û˰ɣ
عʮãЦ˵û£һﻹ˲ҡ
һսԼʵӳģһǰֻһʲôԼˣ̶һʱ䣬ѾӵжԸƷ޵ʵ
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ˣǲǳʲô⣬ΪǻûлصԪ½ϣͻȻ֮ǰ飬üͷʵ
ԴˣҲʮƣʲôҲŪѯǺһ
룬漴˵ˣҲֻһһˣƬ֮ǰδҲ֪᲻Σճ֣ҶңԷ⡣
ԣ΢΢̾˿Ҳ֪˵õİ취Ҳû˵ʲô
һ˽ŻǰУֻǸû߶ãͣ
ǰжнŲע㡣۾ؿǰͬʱɿˡ
ԣǲҴ⡣
Χʺ϶֮ʱȴǴǰ洫
ĶȴΪ֮һ

о뵽ķ˵ѵڤ˽룿
һʱ䣬ᱻ˼
һƬ̹򣬼ӰѾ֮С
ȻԶܿУԿ϶ǼӰɡ
ᣬôˣ㷢ʲô𣿡վԣڸܵı飬ʵ
˹ˣ˿ŵ˵
ʲô˵ˣҲЩȡ
ǵģȷʵǺһࡣ£̶ǿѹпϲ˵ѾڤˣֻȴǽһƬ޳ûɭ֡
ⷬ˶ʱϲѣֻδȷ֮ǰҲ̫ԣϣԽʧԽ
ʱǼӰҲߵĶ漴ųڵλ÷ɿ
ǼӰǰ¶ǵ֮ʱҲ̲סеĿϲĳˣ̫ˣ
֣ͬǻϲѣֻǴ˿εأǰЩʲôһŲ֪ϲûб¶κԴͻȻǰˡ
һŮУװһҲ֪⼸ݲͣͺᣬҲͺࡣ
ΨһŮӿȥҲ޶ˣһԼΪ˵Ĵ۾Ůӵÿһʱ̵ڹе


89 
ףôˣŮզһˣ˫Ļ΢΢¶һ˿죬촽΢ţϸ˵
дһ˿ǵȻһˮĲʱڳ˲һ
ΧŮԵ꣬ŮӵĿʱŮԣǴһΪӲֺõ˵ʦãأЩ·ǵĵΪá
һԵԣɼЦ˵ʦãģ۷ʲô飬ᱣ㡣
һ΢΢һƲԵʮֲм˴ϰޱȵʱ˵ʦ⣬ȻᱣҵģﻹҪ
һֱվǰ˾ⷬЩƮƮȻ
û뵽ſ˾Ȼܹòĵӣ˵ļĽҳǵСΪŵӣݵλȻǰŵӿᲢ۵ġ
ֻһ·Լ̬ȣҲ˾̲סһɧ޶˵ŮӣҪܹʲô飬ҲʧΪһ¡
Ȼɧ˾ϱϻάŵӵĽ˿ֻȻ˵İɣȻǵĿҸȻᱣǰȻȥ
׺˾Ƴ磬Ѷʻգֻ˾ϵݣ˲¶κβɫֻܵͷš
Ȳ˵˵ʵһ˾ϵĶ֣˾ϵݱ㲻ǿǵģĽҳǵĻҺңֻҪǱԼ֪Ƕ˾ϳֻ֣µڶᱻ͵Էǰˡ
˵˼˾ϸûжȥᣬǿϣ˵ĶûУϾΪŵӣЩŵĸӿȵġ
ǰһǰ˾һȻԴϵʵʲôˣΪγ֮У
˾ܹΪŵӣȻһͣʵǴﵽڣҲѹĻ׺˲
˵İˣ˾Ӧ䱸Ŷԣֻǵһ˵ĴŴ磬ʵ޷Щ˵ɾвĴڡ
ӽڤ֮ʱ˿ûдκϴﶼûС
һϵ·òŮãΪչˣϵ·ȻЩƾɣһЩ޵ƤҲܹ壬ڴէй
Լ˿ɾͲͬϵںͲͬսг׳Ʋ˿ϵĲٵÿŸֲͬ޵ëƤƴնɣԵЩײࡣ
һƬ糾ôһ˶ڴ˵ɽҰԭˡ
Ϊˣ˾϶һȻҪôϾʵǿĸ֣ôܻһǱĴ硣
һ˳֮Щ˵̸ͬˡ
̸УõΨһõϢҲЩ˵֣ͬʱҲ֪Ǵ˿ĵطƺʲôĽء
һϲȷʵǴڤгˣֻǲ֪ĵط
ǰ⼸˴ŻˣȻǿԼĿͲмЩˬ뻹˵ҽᣬҼСүǸչǵĻֻ֮ǰƬӣ˿µޣһ˷ֿ˳ʵڹúܣô߶߲Ƭӡ
ⷬ˵ǣҲЩ죬ȴûж˵ʲô
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˿˾ϾȻЩͬУһ䣬̶˵ʦ֣ôԺЩһǵݡ
һԻǸ˵԰˾ʦ֣Щֺαعǵ
û˵Ŀɨվһ˿ޡ
Ȼ˿ҲһƤϢҲԵЩǱˣȴҲǸ׵毺ա
һƤƳɵĴ£˼ҰϢֻҪϸ۲죬ܷĲ֮
ڿ˾ϣЩ׹˼ת±⣬˵ܻЩ֮£ȻˣһҲӦãο˾ʦ⣬Ϊ˾ʦʵﻹʲô
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˾ϱһ䣬¶һ˿ɫȴֹǫ˵ҵʵ֮㲻ʲôֻҪǺúŬͨοˣԺΪȻᳬԽҡ
̶˾תͷ˵ֵܣΣ
˼̸Դ˾һۣȷʵŲϢ
һǰ˾˵ηֻ֣ȣһߣɵʲô
˾ǰĽͣҲףҪ뿪طֻ»ҪǰλӣǣܿؽӻȻˣǾͶлˣ
ҿλȻѣǱǷ֪λʲôط˾ʵֻĿȴϡ
Ƿ˾ϵͼ΢΢һƫõǰ̶Цſ۹һ·ˣû뵽ȴƬأת˴ȴʼҲ·λֻǶҪˡ
˾϶ľٶЩϲûκα¶ܿ˵ʱ䲻ˣͼǰаɣҲȡ뿪
Ȼ죬˾һͬȥ
ֻ˾֮⣬ͻ׽ǵţȻһͬиеЩ
˸⣬˭Ҳ֪ʲô


90 
أľ죬Ũգһȥµ֣һ˿ͷ
ïܵһȺӰǰţ˿˽ƽϢж֮䣬ûзκ졣
֮ǰ˾ѾˣҪƬ֮УϢһͷǿĵƷޣԴ˿˷ŸСġ
Ȼ˾϶ԼʵΪԸֻ֮ҲΪǵƷ޵Ķ֡
˾϶˽˵ˡ
˿һ;µĺɫ䵶ŵΧ
ῴУյѾˮʪȻҲ֪ǵƷ޵顣
˾ϵȣ˿ȴһɣǸκΣա
ڵΪϵƷޣҲһս֮˽š֮˷ɵԭǣѾ֪˾ϿеĵƷ޾Ǻηʥˡ
ǵģ˿Ƭ֣ᵹҲʮϤΪǰõʱ䣬˸ոմﾭ
ǰɵĿ⥳ûƬ֣Ҳ˵˾ϼ˽䱸ĵƷޣʵ˿òˣָĿ⥵ʬѾ޹Ϸˡ
˾ϼһȫ䱸ģкЦȴҲûгݵƣɲΪ鷳
ֻǣһжУȴǼΪм
һȺ֪ɽҰ񣬾ȻһΣжû治֪Щôġһص˵
ǻֺ˵ʦãֺαغЩ˶û棬Ȼǲ֪ʲôǵƷޣҪˣֻҪƵ
죬˵ЩʲôҪǵǵƷĳ֣ҵһ˺͡ûص˻һۣŭ˵
֪˵ǸЦ㲻
˵ĳȻֻĿһ£ȴûгԱ粵Ϊ˿̣ǷΧЩ춯ӲسǱ߿˹ȥ
һ£ЩǰǷտڲԡ˾ڣЩ˶ȻҲʲôΣա
ȻƬ֮Ǳߵ˾ͻȻͣ˽ŲȻҲΧ춯̧ʾͣ£Ŀ¶һ˿֮ɫ˵һ£Ҹоƺ޿
˵꣬˾ɫͻһ䣬תΪص˵ã޳߹ˣҲһֱȻֻ׼ڲ
һ䣬˾ϵ±һԵ֮ڲסΡˣҲǽŸڸǺΡ
ż˵Ķɾ䣬ҲЩ¡
ȻҲŶ㵽һԡ
Ƭ̣ȻǰͷһïܵĴּ䣬һϸ΢죬ܿ죬һֻʹ׳Դƽ±һס޴˳һԷ׵۷һâɨΧ
ףԭǽƷް׾˾˿˵
ոշһһͰ׾ΪƵ޴˳
˾ϿУֵص૵ȻǳྦʵҪǰ׾ϼ֡ô
˴죬ʵһ뿪Ŀ⥵أȷʵĿظһ˵Ŀ⥵ǿƣһǲûģҲ˾ֵĵط
ô֪ĿѱвˣûĿ⥵壬Ȼ޼ɵ
ʱǰ׾ͳྦǷ˶صټ±ӣɿ쳯صķɿ
˾ϼ״캰˸ǣǰ׾ͷྦҡ
һ䣬˾һԾڰУгѾһϸܵĽâݷһ͵»ֱӳż۶ĳྦǶԹѪɫͫ״ȥ
ľӲݣȻۣΪ촷ۡ
˾ϳ֣ǲд漴˷׷׳ͬһʱǰ׾ԼǿĹ
˵ʵҪ׾ϲ٣ʵ۷壬ǵ㣬Ҳǲ
ʱ֣ǰ׾ǽƷޣҲƵýڽڰˡ
һҽԭǳྦûϵ˾ϵΪ첻֮£Ǳնӡ
ǿûһ͸ԵİӣϷʹİֱƬ֮󷽲ֹͣ
˾ϴһ֮ɫ̶غʦ֣ǡ
˾ԣҲûжֱͣὣ˾ϵļ룬ǰ׾Ƭ֮ҲûϢ
ֻ͸ǴһԵĲݴ֮˳
΢΢˿Ἰ˰ݵģдΪȻҲûʲôɫ˵ߣղصأȴֻ޷֣ȻȺй¶٣ʦ֣˵ˣЩǸ鷳ǻᱻ۵ġ
˾ԣ뿪˵ͻɫ䣬æȵᣬʲô
û˾üӦѾһ쵽ֻܿһƬӰ
ȻҲǱͻľٶһҲû뵽ᾹȻ֣˿ãȻؿĳǲεֿ
ۣ
һϸ΢죬ֻһֱ紵һɺ˳Ŷȫ㷢ϣƮڵء
ʱ˾Ϻ˽ǷӦ׷׳֡
ȴͻȻ˵ȵȣλҪᣬھ
˵ͬʱβ΢΢һܣö㿪˻׻ĳ
ʱعɷһؽк̶һŭغȳᣬ㾹ȻҶ֣
ȵȣȱ嶯ղȷʵھ㡣˾ֹεĶ˵
ʲôңΪҸղ˵ǣ߳ŭҶ֣ʦҪֹһ۷ߺ޵ضᣬҧгݵ˵
Ůû˵֪ˣղұ㲻Ҳʡ蹷һҧˡ
˵ţӰ轣һһֻߴ糤ɫС漴䵽ǰֻɫСѾ̴һûϢ
Ȼ֪еķ蹷ʲôҲ֪СΪ飬֮ΪԼòڶ꿡໥׷Ů񣬺ʱܹ衣
һʱ䣬˶ըˣŭɫغ˵ǽҶ֣ⶫָһ׼ã˿ȴóΣգʦͷֺ֣ɽҰҡ
ƲƲŮˣ漴Ŀ⿴˾ϡ
˾Ͽ۵ͷ͸˵ɫСߣһ˿ǣ̶ҡҡͷ˵ʦãƷղȷʵһʱ⣬ûע⵽СȷʵǾһ
ԣһͣһʱ۾Щŵؿ˾ϣ˵ʦ֣ղſЩɱңô˵


91 ˭˭ɵӣ
˾ԣüͷȻɲЩҲǱ˵˵ʵֺƫһ˵
Թɫۼ˾ЩŭҲ֪Լղ鼱֮˵˻һʱ䲻ɲӲӵ˵ʦ֣㲻ҪᣬҲǸ˼ղֻһʱļô᲻㣬Ȼ˵ңǱˣղŵҾͲƽˡ
ߣûñ磬ղžͲùҧˣ޵˵
һԭ޴йŭ𣬶ʱ˼ֻ֣ǰԼֻܶݺݵصἸһۣ漴תǰȥ
ͻ׼״Ǽæȥ
˸ղŵ飬˫֮Щ֣һ·ϽǳĬ
ޱȣʵղɱɫС߲˾˵
ֻһ֮ȴ֮
ɲͨƷޣǱǰ˾ɱ׾ͳྦҪһƷƷޡ
ֻͨƷޣ˾ûκβ
𿴸ղֻһ㽫ɱһ̺ȴ˾ϵ޷óġ
ʹеκһܹ٣ֻҲ
Ů˲֪мʵɶޱȡ
Сᣬɫ˾Ͽ˿Χ漴ͷ˵ɫҲһ죬ձڴϢһټǰС
˶˾ϵĻȻƴӣȻҲûʲô
ܿˣ͵
Ἰ֮С漴Ȼͳһ޹٣ݸС
Сʮֻؽӹʼͷ
һԵ˾ϸո£۹ȴǰ֮УĿıΪ
Ȼʮֳڣ쳣ȴǼΪ²˸롣û֣˾ϻһЩ뷨
Դӿ˾ҲǱľ˿̴ЩǱȴ޷ڸϵĵʡ
ԣ˾ԭǴ죬ɵĿƳʱȴ鵽еС
һ˾жʱ¶һ˿ɫո׼˵ĻǱȥ
ʱСﱻڻһ޹ͷţרעģ˿ûܵΧӰ졣
˾ϵľȵΪСѾϳСʱԵĿƷ޹٣СԵýζģȴһƬʹ
ȻƷιһֻͼޣЩǲʶֱǱ
ʱСüЦسһ޹٣׼ӹһ֮ʱ˾ҲͲסæֹ˵Ҫ
ʲô᲻ؿ˾ϡ
һԵҲΪ˾ͻȻĺֹеĶͣ
С״ɲĶ˾ϽȻԴ͵ļһＫȲ
˾˼ָָǸ޹٣˵ǸǴӺεģ
Ŀ⿴е޹٣˼ת
һﵹʶȻϳ޹١а롣
Щ˵ô⣬ʵȫ˼಻Ķ֣¡
뵽⣬˿СﲻĿ⣬нӹ޹٣˾˵֮ǰ·żȻãҲ֪кáѵ˾֪ٵ
Ʒ޹٣ֵϾңݣҲЩʶļһȻ·ߵҰιһͷ˿ޡ˾Щ޷޲ƽš
ӣƺ޹еһ
˾˼һת漴˵ʵڳＯƵҩĲϣǡǡҪƵĵҩеһζҩٶ˵ûã˵ȴǼΪҪֵ֪ܡ
˾˵Ȼ֪ǵС˼װһӣ˵ٶ˵ûκãȻ˾ҪҲǲԸ㣬ֻǡ
˾ԣæʵֻʲôֵԸ⽫ңպ뿪Ҷб𡣡
˾ⷬ޷Ҫթһ٣ǿϣ˾ָѾȥ
Ҳ֪ĹϽΧûƤ
˾ϵҲǴΪϲ
漴װһΪѵ˵˵˾ֿϻһ뿪Ҳָм
ⷬ˾вɴ޳ܣ˵ŸмȴҪҪû˲Ҫļһ
ֻǣⷬ˾Ͼ˵ڣһ˵С£ֵܲˡ
ԣɷµص˵ͷ̶˵Ȼ˾˵ˣҲͲˣԭһֱ͸˾֣˾ֱҲ˾ϻ˾ֶȻ׽ܡ
˾һһûĻ
һȻǵ˱˻ԡ˾϶ͷϵ΢΢͹ֻΪ˵õ޹ټţжҧгݣȴһƬ˵ֵҪʲô˵˵ֻҪܹóֵģȻġ
˾ϸһĿ˾ŵһ鿴ȥʵ֮ϡ
漴Щ˼˵˾ô˵ˣҲˣʵҶ˾ǿʮϲͲ֪˾Ƿϸᡣ
£˾ϲͬ⣬漴˵ȻҲ˾̫Կʵһ٣ֻҪ˾ִӦҿһ㡣
ʲôϻ޹٣˾ϴ֮£ѿں
ֻһ˵꣬˾϶ʱڲѣ޹ٺ֪ļֵϺ
ǿ޹٣ֵҲöϾϡ
ԭٽ޹٣Ǻ֡װȻ˵
ǲʶ޹٣˾漴ȡװѵӸᣬһ˵ֻǿֵܼͨȻϲ͸ˡ
ϲؽӹǿһ˿óѵɫ漴ǴӰͳһ޹٣ݸ˾ϡ
ӹ޹٣˾ϲɫؽ뻳Уֻв¶һĨϲ˿̵顣
ͬʱ˾вɰԳЦ᲻ʶ˿еֻһ鼫ͨѣҲǼԱ㽫ϣʲôֵǮĶ
һͨʯͷƷݣ׬ˣǰǸʮɵϡ
˾еسЦ֮ʱȴҲаЦѡ
벻ֻ޹پͻ޼֮˾֪ãֻ»Ӷ˰ɣаš


92 
˾Ż޹٣дΪˣ벻˸𿼺˾Ȼջ
Ʒ޹٣Ҫ֪ŵӿ˳ɼܹΪŵ֮⣬нһöƷ
ֹŵͷƤҪõģŵҲͬۺ첻ѡ
ļֵǰ޹ٱûñȡ
޹ٵİΪܹһأʱμŵ֮ıԣ˵ܴһֻѹǰǼˡ
һ뵽⣬˾Ҳǽסһϲ
ʱᣬһǿ鿴ʮͨһš
дϢǺ޲öݺڡ
׬ˣмޱȵź
ʵһʼҲʶ񾿾ʲôֻиĴڡ
Ϊ޼ɹٹʶȻһܹȵģڼ˾ϵʱ㷢˾
鿴ƺͨǴͷҲֻǵһż֮ļأʵϣȫƽ
ȥʣȻͨ滹һ֣ڲʶ￴Ҳһ΢һͨ
ҲһЩϲղصǮ˻ỨǮ򣬵ֵҲͼöϾңҲͼʮö
˾ȻҲǲŵȻΪһֻ輸öϾҵֵͨöϾҵ޹ټΪ㡣
ɵʶ˶֪ļֵѾǵϾˣ˵޼֮ǲ֡
ļ򵥵ļֵΪˡ
ӱ洫һ˿ͨǶżһ
ֻҪϣÿսһ˿ȵ°빦Ч
ֻǵϣÿ챻壬ҲżĹЧ
˾нⷬΪֻҲٲĹֻͣ˾ϲʶʵͲֻôˡ
Ȼڴ˾ƭȫûκεĸоϾһԸһԸԸ飬ֻǲ֪˾ԺҪ֪࣬Ǹʲô顣
˼Ÿͨһֵӣ졣
˶ʮ˽⣬ȻǲеǺǵӣҲǲɶõı
һģǱп㲻ʲôֵǮĻɫǸԵļͳһֻ¶Ҫемֵ
ȻԼΪġ
Ǳؿڣһȵ漴ӿĿڣţӹżпķ̼ű񣬹ȻֻƬ̣ڵǱתøࡣ
һ龰ϲҪ֪һнɽĴȴȱһܹھӵĸͷ
ڵֻ·֣ϿưĶҪʮһһѣĸڶٶǾ˲١
ŽΪø졣
ССĲ˾ϺһνҲǡ˫ӮǰŪҲԻ͡
ʱͻȻЩʵ˾֣ǰһֱ˵طأӣδĸţ
˾ԣһ㶣ǰֻ˵Լӣȴû뵽ᾹȻ֪Ĵڣһʱ俴ĿҲΪ졣
Ƶ۹ĽҳǣҲڣǶľƣֵѵ֪𣿡˾Ϊʵ

Բһ㶣Ԫ½ϣ꺢֪ͯһ޼ɹһȻˡ
һЩ˾Ȼĵӣɫ¶֮ɫ
˳Ծģ˾Ͽǹ΢⡣
һԵ˼һ¶ɫɱĵص˵һȺûɽҰ񡣡
Ȼڸղŷ黹ڻһл㲻ش
ûеһĨͱģԺзɿѯʵЩĵӣȥҲô
Ժе֪ȷʵһƬרµӿĽأӦǴˡ
£м˵ֻҹ۲˾ϵϢĵӣҲֻŵֻͨ˵ݸ͡ڴˣвЩ˻
ԣ̲ס˷ۣ⸱ҲϰˣÿÿᵽһһݵͻüΪм֪ĻΪѪ
ȴ֮ìҲЩϵִð׻Ϊ˽λ֮
룬漴ʵȻЩˣ᲻ǲ
޼ɹͣȴҲ֪¼ϣĹϽΧЩ˻ڸܸɴ˵
ɫ˿̣ΧסһԣԲԶԼΧһš
˵һ˽УӦ໥ӦŶԣΪִⲻϺеġɽҰһ𣬰Ļ˵ݡ
ͻȻҲհȻ֧
˾ϵĺһ𣬲ΪֻΪ׽һ֣ҲúƤ£ֻջغԱߡ
ڼ䣬Ƕ˾ϴֺãеĳ֮ɫȻ˾˼
ȻĻ˵˾ҲǸŵӣ㲻Сĺĵӡ
ǰսʱת·߱ɿ˾ϵʵŵҲٮٮߣܹԽʮָͷù
ĺĵӼȫǴСǰеĵҲǰǿضеһ
˵һʱֵʮֲмֻ޼ɹǰǿġ
ȻΪĹ۵ǡǡ෴
ˣȻ˴˶вϣȻҪΪԼҲʹ֮Լ˫Ϊӡ
Ͼ˷ֱ޼ɹһǿߣֱ½˫ܡ˴˭Ҳ˭һ˹ȫȻ׳֣Ӯ½СӰ졣
ԣ֮ıȽȻһϡ
СܣڴﲻСС֣ҪǴ˳֣ǿɾ浶ǹĻƴˣɲġ


93 ˿
ڵ֪˾ϵ˵ݾȻĵ֮󣬳֮⣬Ǳ΢Щ
ᣬЩĵ̬ǻ᲻£ѯʵ
͵İɣֻҪЩ˰·ѵǲ뿪ط
Ͼֻ»ô궼δгһջ޼ɹĵһ
Ȼָ£ΪѾǽ۷ߣҲΪɳ̫죬ԻδһǰԼҼת
ǽŵôֵӣ˿иǴΪмƺö࿴Щһ۶˵۾
΢õ㣬΢΢Щ֮⣬Ҳûǰ㲻
Ȳ˵ԭȵĵλ㲻ͣڼһǰԼţһҲǽԶһ˿ת䡣
ȻҪģȻҪСѾͷѾͷûûεȻ
Ųȥ޼ɹĵӣЩͳͳûϵҲʶԣ˿СѾͷĵĺСţֱҡͷаѾͷҪǶһ洳ֻºȥ
ʱǱߵѾͳԼЯʳ￪ʼ
磬ҶӶˡеʳ漴ԼɱСӣ۲˵
һѣҲŷѾһûнʳˡ
ԭ׼Ӱȡ֮ǰɹɴ⣬һԵȴС˵磬ѾһûԹˣҪЩ𣿡
ԣǱ߼һۣ漴Ǳߵ˾˵˾֣ϸǰ޵ʱѾʧֵܷǣ
˾ϼ״Ҳû֣Ǵֻг̣ĸ´࣬붼û룬˾Ϻܴȵһָݸᡣ
ᵽл㽫ָˡ
ڤصһһ˼ǳɹȻվѣƾżͨĵϱܽп⿾ɫζϵĳһ꣬ɽ亣ζҲʣ˿ͻȻ˸̲סڳ
ƽĶŵ̲ס˼ڡ
Ǳߵ˾˿ǸԵýζģĨЦ֮Ũ
һԵĻΪᷢͻѰ˼ҪһЩ۵ɽҰһѵǰһѣӶ
ԣ˿̼ἸͬûҰˣ׵ץסᣬڼһȺûļһ
漴ض˵ʵζúܣҲһЩûļһŻԵ˽ζʦãȵ˳ͨˣʱ㵽úóһ٣㿴Σ
ǰǰʦãǷƹ죬ʱǵףܷʦ⡣һԵȻû׶ԳͷǴطϵ
˵ĻڿǱἸ˵ģȻеĹӣͱһȻҲ˵ȻλʦģԵӦ£絽ʱҲǣﶼԵ˽ζͲ֪ǷϲǵĿζˡ
˵ˣǳЦ˼ΪԣڳģС֮⣬ûе˼
һԵҲɵ֪ڳЦǣаŭûзӦҲֻ
Ҳüͷ΢壬Щ˻еĳȻ֪аŮ˿ɺޣǰģѡԸʱҪ֣ͿŮ˱ҧȫŧö
ʱһԵеĸһӣЩ˵磬ҲˣǲǻһЩҪ㿾ĸ⡣
һദҲǽһ۰ЩȻҲԸȥЩ
һ˵漴˼ԱЦ˵ãԡ
ԣһЦ̶ڿذȡ˰еĸ⡣
漴ļЩ⣬Ͽ
ὫЩõĵڿʱһ˵漴Ʈ˳ܿƮ˸
ŵһ˵㣬Ǳߵ˵Ŀǲı˹
ʲôôô㣿ǻʹŲƮĿ㣬ͷס䶯˼£Щ˵
ֻǣû˻ش˿ԵͬǱеĿ
ҲǷЩ˵Ŀ⣬ᣬõĸǸˣŻͷ˵˾֣ﻹжĿ⣬ҪҪ
˾ѱ˵ζ˸еĲ棬˿ѯʣҲûԥ˵벻㻹ⷬգ⿴ζˣҾͲˡ
˵ţ˾ϱнӹ⣬ʼƷ
ˣǿûһۡ
һٶиΪɺޡ
һﾹȻǣʵպޣҧ˵
һ˿ӣ˵ĵλܵ˺ӣһʱвɶᰵޱȡ
˳˵Ŀ⣬ԹԵĳ
˳ԵýζģǱߵĻ׵ͷ˿ĸҪϼڣȴʵ᲻ȤһԵͬΡ
ǵһӦȻ˵УһԵʮֽ˵磬㿴Щ˵ı飬档
ѾͷͰ£һԵﲻ֪ǵС˼˿ԲɵһۣЩֵ˵
ˣϿ꣬úϢ⼸쾡Ҫ¶ˡ½һ鿾ݸС̶
Ǳߵ˾ֻǸոҧһڣ⿾ζ⿾ζȻζȴ˾ϴδԹζ
һᣬǿ鿾ͱԵһ㲻ʣв㣬˾ЩδҪҪһ飬ȴЩѾˡ
ʧ֮࣬˾Ҳ΢΢̾˿δ֮ɫһš
һԵ˿˾ϵı飬иǲ졣
ѵǿζȻ˾϶¶ⷬɫʵа˼⡣
ᣬһϳԹʳҲܰ򵥵Ŀ⿾ζҴδ˾̾˵
˾ϵĻЩŵ˵˾ʦ֣ǷʦҲһһܹȵģǻȥʱʦΪ㿾һ̣ζԱζ
˾ԣ΢΢һЦûнӻ
ݣ˼ˣټĿ궼ϣⷬڣȻȥ⡣
˾һ̬ȣΪʹ޲ѡ


94 ŭ
һҹ޻ҲǸϢ
Ȼһˣһҹ˯òãӶǰ˿Լ˾϶ƺЩͼöʹޡ
գ˼ʰ̤гֻ̣һ·˾ϵǽ̸ֻֻòĻӦ˼䣬ʣµĻӹ
˾ϵͼܹ֪֮ôһ˵ϵȻû˵ƣӲ
˾ϴ˿̶ֱ޵ȻⷬʶȤʮպޣΪ˸ӡ󣬼ƭ޹٣ƢָѾһᡣ
˾֮ǰıʮȣΪĵӣֻŵӣ˾Ϲӿʮֵָ߰ͼݵ˻ƽῴһۡ
ֻĳǸҪ˸࣬ϲû¶ѡ
˿̵һԣȥᣬֻ˭ҲЩʲô
һ·Ȼ֪֮Щ˿ûеģҪ˾·ȫԲЩˡ
ЩСȫȻᣬ˿ĻҡҡڰڵקסĿܣʹš
ֻΪСһ龹ǲСİСߵԣʱСﲻؿ顣
ӵϽСץۣʵһʲô
СԼСӣȻָָᱳϵİһĽ
СⷬﲻףεҡҡͷӱİͳһǧҶ˹ȥС״ʱüЦĽӹ֣ĳ
ǧҶͬڤزɼݣƷ֮ǰ޹һƷһ˵İУǧҶ޹ٽͼݣȻȻǧҶҲСʳ
ԴϴСͺƷıһ˽϶СǷҲˣ᷽źĵĽƷݵʳһιСĿȻϣСܹЩڴСδı仯
ⷬٶ˿ѾϰΪûоκβס
ֻһԵ˾ϿһĻϱȴǱ׾ˡ
ֻղųֹСѾһҧ˴룬龰˾оǴϸһһ
˿̣˾־ɣ𾪵ᾹȻóһƷιޣɻᵽǴõôƷݡ
˵ķӦƺһĻϰΪҲ˵ĳһΣ뷨˾಻ֱĿҲؿᱳİ
˿̣ƤƳɵİ˾ôأһʱҪĳ嶯֪浽׻Ŷٱ
òǿѹеа˾˼һת̶װʵᣬСһԵʲôûʣܸܲҿ
ԣɷõЦЦ漴˵ûʲôЩһЩ·ߵҰݣҿСϲԱһЩϡ
⸱ν̬ȣ˾аѣƺҲұֵ̫ԣľ
˿Ѿʼţβܽһ˵İƭ֡ƽգֻһˣǺԥĶᣬӴһʱ䣬һ˸ĸоͺͨ죬ߵΪָ˷Ѷ
ֻϧҪ˵ſˣڲֻܽͷѹ
ʵҲ˽˿һ˵İѾ֮ķкƽֵĵ
˾ĺﰵĴ̽еĶ
˾ϵľٶܿҲ˾ֻһʱΪͻͽǰ˵ģЩ˻
ȻҲɵ˾ϣ˾׻ܻẬתƻ⡣
һԵ˲֪Եɣ˾Ϻ̸磬ҿӻ˾Ӵ˴Ϊ졣
׺Ȼ˾ЩЩǾȥֺ˾ϣû취˭˾ŵӣ˸ԵĽҳǲͣ㲻ʲô
ֻҪһ仰Ҳһʱ䣬᳹ʧƬ½
ԣڿ˾϶Դ̬ⷬȣʱ˼ʲѡ
Ů˳һȻòߵﶼǱǹ°Χм䣬ԴӺһԱжպѾԸӡ
ʱһԵĻһת漴뵽ʲôע⣬ЦŶ˵ᣬҼǰʱ죬˵һʦĳӦòɣ
ԣ֪ⷬʲô˼Ҳ֪˵ʲôûǵ˵ֻǸͨĳӣҲͻἸִǳĹѣ̨档
һԵԣɰһۣȻⷬǫ鼫Ϊͬ˵ĳջȲ̨棬½ϵľ󲿷ֳĶҪʡ
ȻĳգＴٺãվǸϲְ̨ҵ
֮ǰѾע⵽ˣڸǲסգֹ˾ϣǻҲȻĶͬʱҲ֮ƺЩͬѰ
Ȼ֪Լ˾ϣҲԸ⿴˾ɫȴһͼĳӡ
ңҲΪ˲ɢһͬʱҲ˾Ӫһ֣Ҳܻ˾ϵĺøС
һ˫ĺüƣҲ̲ס
ǫѷĻش𣬻Ц˵ɣȻڴˣֵûȤһ£һ׶ǵҲʮͬ飬Ըҿ㰲Žһӡ
ܱϻһҪ˼ϵı˵޲˸оʩһ
ڻ׵˼ȻҪĶЩŭ
ô֪˿Դ̬ȡ
ʱỹδ˵Ѿȿڣ䵭˵ҪƸᣬֻ»ʸ񡣡
ЩؿӡУһĶţôͻȻ֮䣬ϬȻǶŭ
ǻԭһЦʱһȻҲû뵽ȥʮľȻ˿ӵ˵ⷬ
ֻһͼĳӣֻҪԸ⣬ʮ˸Ŷû⡣ȻⷬǷһӶ磬һ뵽⣬ײŭѡ
⻰ʲô˼ҺĺҪᣬ㲻мˣȻ˵֪ⷬж˼ͷƤһҡһŭ˵


95 ì
һԵҲŮ˵Ҳ̫˵㣬ⷬȻֻԻף˿Ҳǻ׵ͬ飬һͬƲ
ͻ׿ҲһӣⷬȻǼԼӦ
ǰ˾ж᲻ɼޱȣȻǲһͨĳΪܹõ
˿ʮŭҲ֪ԼΪƲֻҲֻЦЦȥ硣
֪ʲôʱʼǻΪеŭ˿̣ûзֵһ㡣
ⷬȻҲЩȣҲԸίС֣һο΢Ц
һʮȻѼֲ֣ûоκͻأɿУȴǲͬѰ
ЦŮ˵۹ҲȻһжӣǱᡣ
˿ǿ˵ףûλԱǸӣ˵ǸͼĳӣĸŮԸء
⻰һʱߺ죬ûκ˼ȻᱻⷬŪߺ죬ƫƫȴԸΪ
ߵв֪䣬ƺһұ¡
ҲֻǶ̶һ˲䣬漴˵ǵòģҿЩ˵ĳҲܲ³Ǳδǰǰ
ᣬ⻰ʲô˼˵
ûʲô˼Ҫʲô˼Լ뷨ҿʲôû˵ᵭ˵
ǣ˵
вЦ˵ѵֻ˵ĵ
˵ţỹʼ磬ʾԼ޹
ǣŭһӴŭ˵㲻Ǹͼĳӣң˵ɱе䵶
ôĿң˵Ҫ֣Һú°Ц˵ûһ֮ɫ
ʵЩ˲ЩСӵܣҪݵĻЩȫҲ֮һ
Ȼµļͣݿ޼ɹٹ
޼ɹ˴ЩϣȴֻǱ˴˲Էѣûֲɵޡ
νƵ۹ػƵ۹½ϵĵλǼΪȻǵ֪ݣֻҲҪмӣ׵
Щ˱ҲһЩΧȣֻЬʸûС
Ȼһ㣬Ტû˵
ʵȫûбҪݣֻʵ಻ЩܹԸġ
Ϊ˵ⷬ۵ġüһȻǱǲмͳŭ
Ǻη壬˵ĿԴš
˼⸱ӣиŭ׼ֽѵ֪ߵغĳ֮ʱһ˾ȴǳ˵ҪˣϾ͵βĳûˣ֮飬뿪֮˵
˾ϵֹҲΣֻܶݺݵصᣬ˵ʱȷһ뿪һ֪ҵ³
вֱӣԭҲ£Ѿǵͷˣǻ޶ãǸ
ʱǱߵĻŵ˵ʦַģβȻǽƷޣ˵ʵҪԸҲѣֻҾЩ˻ǶԶһΪãβԽƻһʱչ˲ǿɾͲˡ
һԵ˿ȴƲ˵¹ǵĿ˳ɼҿɲΪһЩ˵¹̳⡣
ʲô˲ģǽƷޣһֶֻܶԸˣǻҪ֡ỹû˵һԵȴһм˵
ԣм˵Сã˵Ҳ˵ģǿǽƷޣɲ㻳ֻСһһֻܶԸ˽Ʒ޵Ҳõ۷ߣܹ
ⷬЦɴΪպޣԷȴֹˣȫûҪȺ֪Եӵܱ粵Ǵ˷ѿࡣ
һСξ룬ʱ˾ͣ˵ǰβĳûء
ʱתͷᣬм˵Сţ⵽ʱ˵ǡ
ܸɴĲȥ͹Խݡ
ǰ׵棬ʱ̲ס˵磬Щ˾ȻǣΪβǵѵ
ڻָǴ뿪쳤ڱϣҪô˵Ҳܲˣ͵ɼֻȮڽоͺˡ˵
һȴ̲סЦ˳ļ޵ᣬйȻģĵӵȮޣԪ½Ҳһˡ
˾ϴһ·βأ˵ͿǵıˣǷ⣬ҾֵģһֻܿԼ
Ҳ֪ſʮϸ񣬾˾Ҳ˽ףһᱻҪĴǴ²У߶û˸ȥԡ
˳ǰ˼ȫ䱸ȻƬ̣һӰͻȻԱߵĲݴ֮д˳Ŀֱָм
һԵͻѾͻȻֵı仯Ȼȣж˿û¡
޵ҷʦãһ˲彣͵سӰӿ˹ȥ
ǻ׶ǲͬһʱֵֵסӰӵͻϮ
ͻعһɾϲغȻβһֶԸ
վڲԶ˾ϸع۲ų˵жһʲôһʱԮ֣Ա֤˵ް
ʱβѽѷ֣ͨƬ̵Ĺ۲죬Ѿ˵ʵ벻ʵߵķŮˣѾ۷ʵ
ǻ׺ҪԲһ㣬ֻڵʵ
ȻֻΪ˴ֵҲĬβ˲ϵΧ֮£·磬չȥβ顣
һҲʧȥȤʵǰЩ˵ĴʵͬСһһ˾ЩصĿ⣬ֻЩЦ
ǰЩ˻ڳǵʵ£ҪǼʶʵ治֪ǻʲôķӦ
˺βĴѾβ˻㾫似Χ֮£βѾ˿ڣѪҺʧѾóβѾǿ֮ĩˡ
ͻȻɫ΢˲䣬ѾоԶһϢ߷ɿ챼˹
˾Ϻ˾Ǻ޷ӦҲȥѣֻǾվһĬ


96 
Ǳߵ˺βսѾӽβ
˾ҪβʵѷһҲĬβͷβֻбķݡ
ҲɣϾβʵڽƷȫҲЩæҡ
Ƭ֮׼һ˽βһβƣֱβǿϢȻ֣еĶ̽ǱϢһ裬ʱ˰ģȴβѡ
ֱʱ˾ϷŷӦɫ΢䣬æһǰ
ʱһͷβΪƵͻȻǰΨһβЩͬĵطͻȻֵӵβ͡
˾ϿУɫʱ䣬˵Ʒβһô
˵µӣΪ˸˵˾ӦöԽص޷ֲһ˽Ŷԡ
˾Ҳȷʵʮ˽⣬ļУƬ֮иûβĴڣ³ǰʲô
ΨһĽͱββΪӣ˾ʮΧôͨ˷޸ûжǰҪô͡
ʵβĳֺỹһĹϵġ
رôͨ·ʹ޷ȡӶҲ˵ܷ䵽ǹ̶ġ
ҲǵµӰΣΪ֮֮УΨһͷƷĿش˴أĿıΪάص
Ŀ⥵壬޲ңеĴ󲿷ǱĿӵС
֮ǰ뿪ڤǡĿ⥣᲻ЩӶĿ⥻ɱ
ĿһԭȻ֮βĿһӶֱӴӽƷβһٽΪƷβ
Ŀ̫ӴβȻû˳ͻƳΪµĵƷޣ˿ʵһƷ޻Ҫǿࡣ
ҲΪβԭڡ
˾ϲЩʣȻҲûʱȥǣ˿̣βѾżķ˶
һ廹ҪĽβȻչֱ˾Ϻɨ˹ȥ
˾һܵβǿϢһһĽӹ֪ʱ˾ѾһѺ˵ĳ
㳤ģ˾Ϸһ⡣һ˿˿ĽϽ˾ϵĻ裬ڰγһƬӰ
βҲЩη˾еĳֻݱܷâתһԵ˹ȥ
βǽƻ֪ʵȽɱרĶԸ˾ϡ
ʱͻǱ¸βסȻǰֱƵǱʱβ󣬼סһжβ˵ʲôΣա
ͻ׶ͻıҲһ˷ӦҲ죬ֻ֮£ǺֵֵܿסβĽ
һԵῴ˾һбֻΧסǱӣûмڶ֡˫ֽǰһƽؿǰı仯
һԵͻȻֵβЩȣЩǵʵᣬҪҪȥǣҪǳˣǿɾ޷뿪ˡ
ҡҡͷ˵˾ϻЩµģȻǿԿβĶ֣һǿġ
һԵͬص˵ͷ˵С㣬ʲôǰǲƲǣȻôԼͺãǵ޷뿪þܶùǡ
ȻҲǱ˵̬ŪһӻԴ˿̼ȺգûŰæЩֻ˵š
ҲֲʵǰǱĵĿ⣬ЦƺЩһ࣬ŶӶġ
һֱʮֵ£ЩͼЦСˣʱûһЩֻĬĬܣȥᡣ
Щƽ߸ϣǵӵǱʵúܣȥͬǡ
ֹһԵ˿˱ֻޱƵǱʮֽûжֵĴ㡣
ǷƽʱǲȥЩˣûʲôȺãһ·ϱ䳰ȷܹЦӭˡ
ڸոգ˾ϼʱֹ˿⶯ֽѵһЩˡԣһлҪ˾ϴ·ȴҲԸ⿴Щ΢Եͷ
Ǳߵ˾ԽԽԾֻǶ̶Ƭʱ䣬Ѿó˻ȴʼ޷βճʲôʵԵ˺
˸˿ڣ˿̿ȥǱֻΪ˻˻ڿ֧š
˾ҲǷ˵龰֪˵£һͷ޵ּлֻԼ׶༪١
ʱ˾鵽һԵˣûзǵһɵվԱ߿ţ˾պ޲ѡ
ɾˣ˿Ҳκΰ취˾Ҳֻ÷ŵֵ̬ܣæһﲻöԸ
ʵҲ֪˵ʵΣȻһϢȫޣΪӦò߲ŶԣٱȲˡ
ǼȻлڣҲӦЩֶΣ˿ҲǲͶҽ˲ˡ
Ǳߵԭ˾ϹͬԸβκʵ̫࣬û¾ͱβһβɨУˣ˿ǣβ
˾ϵĻʶҪſ˵Щʲôȴû˵
˾ڼֲסԮ΢΢һЦֻӲûκζǵ˵ֻһͼĳӣλΪĵӣԺգʵȺԸһͷش´ࡣ
԰԰ǰŮ˲˵ǶԶ㣬ҪǷǿˣǿɲõֱ˵ġ˵
СѾͷͦǳǰЦ˿ǲ˵
˾ϱⷬҭסʱһƬࡣ
˵ǰ˵˿Щܾʱ޻˵
ǱߵԣҲӲһӦǰβһŭ˵ʦ֣ҪǣǶ޷ԸֻޣЩͼɽҰʲô¡
ԣ˾ݺݳ⡣
˾ϲǰ׳գȻĵϸǴʱԾһȻӣҲ֪Ƕ̣ǲۼΣ¡
ûбµˣֻһŵӰˡ
׳ŮˣȻΪ˿˵ⷬ˾ƿԴ浽װʲôֱǸԵŮˡ


97 
ǷһĨЦŮǵ͵ĲײĲᣬ±Ц˵Ĳԣ˾ˡᰮĪ
˾ϴʱ˵챻βץסᣬһβɨ˼֮ϣһǿϮ˾ϳʹ֮£еĳǵڵء
˲˱仯ʧȥ˾ϸ޷ӦβĽֻܲϵҡҡ׹ΣֻѾֲغϡ
ǱҲù˾˲ˣβĲ֮£ѱ˿ڣһҰףȻء
˾ϱβ׷ǱĺæȴԹ˲Ͼ޷ڡ
ոռǱıܿβһν˾ϻδüӦһɨ˾ֻһľϮвɴ󾪣ΪһͷǡҪˣ
ᣡ
һײ
˾ֻǰһӰƮβĹƾǱһӰ֪ʲôʱѾǰ
ղβĹǱǰᵲ¡
һԵڼ˾ΣڵϦҲ֪ٲЩ˾Ҫˡ
ᵹǲ⣬ֻǻ뿪ط֮£ֻܳˡ
ôܣ
˾ԼСסͬʱǰᡣȻ׵صβĹҪ֪˾ʹȫȻҲܵסβĹ硣
˿̣ῴƺվһһӰ轣ϵر仯Ƕȣββ;
Ǵݲµ̬Ķ˾ɵĳʵ̫ˡ
˭뵽ǰһ޺ᣬʱչֳʵԶԶ
˾Լʵ˵ãβ޷սʤ˵ɡ
û˼ᱳ˾𾪵ı飬ͷҲص˵һԸ㲻뿴˵Ļȥǡ
䵭ῴ˾ϵ˵κ顣
һ䣬Ӱ轣һһľ͸һǧʱʩչӰʧԭء
βҲǱͻĳһ˿̼ʧǴΪȣֻ۳䱸
ڰŲ˼ĽǶ۷ΣӰβֲĵӰ֮ʱһͽȻֱָβ󱳡
ƴ̣
һǡѩӰе似ͬһϵʱϢ䲻Ȼ似˿ԸֻƷβѾ㹻ˡ
βҲһƴʩչѾϢ¶ǽҾԶʱβȻ֡
ë׵ĴβͽȻڱ󣬻ۡ
һȥϸܵľ漴ββ֮ϡ
βʹʱէξͻȻʧ
Ҳ£Ȼû뵽ԼڱصõһȻûнɱ
𣿡
Ტûзɾ裬ĸ֪ܵһĪĲ
ͻȻǹһĨЦȻܣֶǰһöûС
ಣ
ȻһһԵӷɿȥ˻δӣӰ轣ͻȻǰһƬӰ
˽ǲΪ޹ʶſ֡
һ̣һ˶䣬βƾճֵ֣λǰλá
飡
һƵ죬βصڵأѾϸܵĽۣѪЩϸܵ˿ڲӿ
βҪվԽˣϵѪҺʧԽ죬ֻƬ̹򣬵ѾױѪȻ󣬶βֹͣ
һ˫ŵ۾͸һ˿зõİ֮Ҳˡ
һߵ˾ǰĻҲǴӾѹۼѾѪҲųһ亹
Ϊ˴ο˸˵ȥѴ̣ԸĽ
ԣǿѹеľ˾˵ԡ
ʦ֣β֮£˿Ѿҡҡ׹Կ˾ϵвɴϲ
˾û˵Ǽս֮С
βֻǽƷޣǰһսͬĲ˾ϵļ룬֣βܿͱ˾һԴһغˡ
βȥ˿ʱжľ۲Χ龰
ֻǵͷȥʱȴԶͷȥβʬǰƺѰʲô
һĻĿһ̶ȳᣬʲô
ɻػͷŮڷʲô裬ôѵҼսƷҪЩӵ£
սƷûβʦִģʲôϵ㾹ǵսƷʵ޳ܿɺޣɿ
սƷ̲סЦ˳漴ָָ˾ϣ˵ʦ֣˭սƷ
üһ˵ȴһԵ˾
ʦ֣ôؿ˾ϣ˵
ʱ˾ֻҡҡͷ˵βġ
ʲôⲻܣ
гšҲԸţβǱɱġ
Ƕ޷ԸĿֲޣǸͼӵУôܡ
⵽׷ʲô飿Щ˼ؿ˾ʵ
˾ڿβĽ£Ѿ׼֮ʱ̲סͷһ
ɱβôܣʲôκϢô쵽ģ
ʳ˾ϵԺĻϾ˼
ɱģ𾪵˵š
һԵȻĿȴҲǳ֮ɫʱ˵Ŀⶼ۽˾ϣϣ˾ܹ⿪ǵɻ
ǿ¶һĨЦݣ˾ЩǣǿЦҿˣ벻ỹǸ֡
ʦ֣ûƭǰɣһӣҸоκϢͺͨһôǸ֣ŵ۾Щʵҧ촽ʵ
˾˿ƽ𾪵飬Ŀ⸴ӵؿᡣ
һϢ˽оˣ˿ɫѿޱȡ
ǿǻǵ֮ǰһͻ͸¶һ˵ĳӣǷ
ǣ˿˾ȴǣǸ֣ҿӾǻҪ˾ϸǰҵķʵ˴þòܻع
ʱ˾۾ؿᣬʵ㵽ʲôˣ
˾¶裬漴ЦҪţȷʵһʦȻͬʱҲǼСĻ


98 ֵ
̧ͷ˿ͷϵͻȻһɻȻ顣
ʱ䣬һ˾ϵĴ֮£뿪ء
վڽ⣬оĿҪࡣ
ǰֻƷβ֮˾һҲʵˣҲײᡣ
Ҫ֪һֻƷβԸˣȴǶһɻƷβʵ˾ϻҪһ
ȻԴ󣬵ûɵȥᣬȻжᰵޱȣȴҲ¡
һãᣬֻһָ
ԭȣűļԾأĴȥʵ޿̣һ˦ϣֱӽˡ
Сʱܹ裬±ҪƴŮ˷裬ҲһʺֻҪ΢һ£ԥش̴ĺ
ֻҪǰһҲ϶һʬ塣ɭȻ˵
һԵ˾ϼ״ɫһ䣬˵ᣬ侲㣬ġ
ǷһĨЦҲӰ죬˾ϵĻ첻м˵⣬ҲӣǴԡ
вѹǳĿ⣬Ļɱ
ɭȻĿظļ壬Ƿӡ
ʲôǲ˺ģ˼ˣǷɫ˰죬ȥ
ҲΪµķ֮죬ܹ徻ˡ
Եѣ˾ϵĴ£һ߳ء
ʱ˾ԣѯʵֵܣ֮ʲô㣿Ҫ˵ǣֻҪģȻƳ١
˾ڼʶ֮ûǰһ˰ͷʵҪǸҶ֣Ѱ·
˾ϵòҲԴݣֻȴһǿֻһʦͬʱҲĻ
˾ϼ˵棬ҲͬʱȴǳޱȾǾݣǾļ塣
һңȻһӶߡ˵ʵ˾ϼֱ
֮ļ˾Ͻʾ֭ϵĽ֪һЩҷ׷óԱһȴ֣ûκһܹӵ͵Ļ
˵ĻûⷬʵֻЩǸҵľƽʱȻõĲˡ
ļ㣬һʵ˵á
˵ʵֻͬС޷ȼҲһܹˡ
뷨˾ڶԴһ˵̬ϸСԭ֮ǰ׵ϵ˿κȻӣҲֻŵӣֻԼ˿ޱȵŵӣݵλĺĵ޷Ƚϵġ
һŵ¸Сģ²õӡӰպǰ;
˿˾һ޷ϵϵ˵ãܺǴùϵ˵һ¡
ᵹû뵽˾Ͻ˸ӣ˾˴ڣȴңңͷ˵˾ˣֻǴ洦ߣûʲôر顣
˾ЩʧֻЩƵ˵ȻˣһҪ˻λʹ˱
ᵭػ˸֮˾ϵ˷ֵװҲװüΪ˿ڰһˣú˿
һ뿪ߣһԵĻױ޷޲ƽʲô⣬ʲô˲ģֻҪĽҳǣһһʦֻġ
˾Ͽ˻һۣû˵Ȼηֺ䱳Ŀֲң׺һϵûУûȥ̽һǳ˵Ǽ¡
˻׵Ļ漴ǰ˦Լϵһƣԭ۵ϴΣ˿̻ʹֻʲôһƲǴϣǴ
һֱӽĵĸ߰ȫ飬ּϢķߺޣϵʹҪǿʮٱ
˻׵ػ¶һĨ޵عâɫ˲ת䣬ݺݵһǰ̸Ļףֱǰȥ
һԵ׳ĺĺЦ漴ǲ˵ȥ
ߣڵõ˾ϵָ㣬һ˸߲ҵسŲԶĽҳȥ
Щ˵ļһˣҶôۡһԵ˾ϵԶɿ˵
СǴ˵ǰһǴʹ죬Ů˶ˣҸ̫Сڶơ
һԵݺݵԴǳССͲѧãǡ
Լҽ㣬ʱ˵£Դ㵽󣬲ҷ
ĻЩεӣ漴ȰҲҪԸֻö˵ֶΣƱۣһζãֻЩ˸š
ԣЦ˵ò̫ˡ
һһСⷬףûصһۣ漴ݺ˵ܣ㵹Ǹҽѵˡ
֪Ը֪ûЦص˵磬ʲôʱҪȢҽ㣬һ֧֡
С󣬺˵ʲôͷһָ˵
һ㶼ᣬ˵㿴ҪǲȢҽ㣬ҪÿѵңҶ͵ҡ
ֹ˵ʲôذһ̶ۣ˵ڴʲô⡣
ԣ漴˴˶һۣ˵
ֻῴĿ⣬ȴǶ˵ֵɫ
һദҪ˵ûʲôͷˡ
Ͼ߱Ůûеŵ㣬ᣬ㵭ţ˺ƣһŮûеļԸ
Ůӣڵǿһģһͬ빲£˴˲Ҳ֮顣
ֻǣǰǸѲۣ˾˲СУûкͶŮԽӴȻжЩĸоȴα
һߣѧҲǰĪⷽỹϲ٣Сһֱʱȥ̸Щ鰮顣
ѹֵͷһ˺ܿͱǰĳǳ
ϾϸϸѾһʱûӴ˿̿һ·ʱҲǸ˷ܡ
ֻǣἸ˴˿ϴʮǱ··˶ָָ㣬ͷ㡣
״룬һ˳ǰһ˹ȥ


99 
ᣬʲôǰУô
˵޷ģȻ⻻Ǯ
˻Ȼ
˿ɫ磬ﲢûʲôˣһдŹ죬ǴСıŰһЩ˿Ϳ˲ɷ׷ָָ㣬ǳЦѡ
ܹеȻдǮƵˣһͬɽҰĴ磬ǳѡ
ҲȥЩˣǾֱ̨֮ϡ
ʱ̨һͷдʲôҲ̧ͷۡ
Ἰ˵Ĵ֮üͷ΢΢һĺûֳκǵ˵λ˲֪кҪ
ȻԼһ綨˵ĳҲȥ⣬ִӰ׼õһѪַ࣬ǰ
ԭƽǵĿ⣬ڿóѪ֮󣬲ɱһ󾫹⡣æѪϣϸ
Ƭ֮Ȼ̧ͷֻϱѾָһᣬʵ֪Сֵγƺ
ᣡᵭ˵ţ˼ĸˣ
ߵ˵ͷ˵С϶еƹһ˶ƺͷ
ԭƹҪݣ֪Ƿգʵ
ͷظеѪ̶࣬ɫ˵ƷѪࣿ
˵ͷ漴˵ƹ㿪۰ɣ۸ҽܷΧұˡ
ͷⷬٶҲӣѪƷݣҹʵؿϳˡ
ͷΪеĸˣȻеΣ˵ˣĽҳǵмֻҲղƷݣ˵ǰʵϳ˵Ѫࡣ
Ѫ࣬ͷŶе
˼ˣͷѾҲҪѪ¡
ϸ˵ĴŴ磬Ȼһ˽Ƥ壬ͷȻһܹʲ㴩Щª޷ڸϵʡ
˵ǿߣ˿ȻϢʮ㣬ͶŻλ̼ʮͷһƸС
ЩʲôݣȻӵһƷݣ
ͷӵ̬漴ɫΪ֣ص˵СֵԵȣҵۣһظ
ػ˻֣˵ƹԱ㡣
ͷ뿪ᵹҲѪ౻˽̣һٶͷӡ
һԵļɢĿ˼ƹ֣صһ߽ԺЩ档
һ̴˼״ɼЦ˵ͷĪۻ軨ˣ⼸һļ񣬻óʲôɣ
һ΢㣬һӸ꿴һˣ漴м˵ͷЩˣΪ񵽸Ұݣʲôĵرǰʱ䲻и˴һٵУһǵõʱǼһһһӣ󻹲ǱĻֱӺ˳ȥ
ιӣһкϷˡǸͦŷĶӣһЦ˵
˵̸ἸҲֻҲȥ
ʱͷ߻˹̨һ˵СֵܣѪʵȷʵϳ֮ƷһۣԸİöϾҽ£ΪΣ
İϾң΢˼£Ȼ۸ЩƫͣԽܡ
ǼҪǮᵹҲȥļ۸һ㡣
ãɽʹ˵
ͷûлۣˬشӦи֮࣬Щڡ
֪ˬشӦѼ۸ѹһ㣬ȻİϾֵǱԡ
˵Ľ̸ûпڣΧȻҲݡ
ղŻڼλ̺ЩԾǸ̸ǲŵ˵ͷĪǿˣ⸱óʲôɣ
ͷ̣¶ְҵЦݣ˵ԭǲܴ⻰Ͳˣͷϵ۲ƷѪһǷֵαġ
ƷݣǸҲһ㶣벻⼸óһɴź࿴˼ۡ
Ǻ͸һιҲЩԾμĽҳǵĵλͣһֵİϾҵȴҲܹóġ
ʱιĿⲻͶϣ̶ͷ˵ƹμԸϾѪࡣ
ιӵҲЩǰȻЩƲһˣѪȷʵǲɶñܹõ֣õڹĵλҲǲСİ
ͷһ˿ںֻۣǵЦЦ˵ΰ׾ӣѪһһºϾģμҪʱӭġ
ΰ׾Ϻ꣬ҪǷϣʱ֪ѪļֵȻ׷ۣʱͲǼ򵥵ϾҿԽˡ
ⷴбˮˮСμҿǵģΰ׾ֻա
Ŀ΢һ˼̶Ἰ˺˵λѣ֪ͷǷݣ۸
ʵΰ׾ղѾע⵽˱İղѪǴǿȥòİȡΰ׾ţȻֻһѪô򵥡
Ȼΰ׾¶ˣᲢûд㽫Ҳ
ЩɶǼƷݣǼǮѪ඼ó
ǣҡҡͷֻܾһֵǮݣûˣλӱǸˡ
ͷİϾҵݸᣬóмöһЩ֮󣬷Ŵ뿪
ΰ׾һ뿪Ŀ˸һ˿Ŀ⣬漴Ǹ˳ȥ
öǮᣬҴûмôǮ벻ɵһֲôǮ֪ӦöŪͷһϾң۷Ź˵
һԵûʲôرı飬ȻİϾҺܶ࣬Լδ֮ǰǺ֮һĸ̣Ȼû档
ὫһϾպãȻͷĽҷָˣ˵ǮˣȥѣȻںúóһ٣һǰұﻵˡ
̫ˣһԵǻѣȻһڤ֮Уʵ˸ˡ
еСкóԵģüЦػţģſɰޱȡ
ֻǣȴûз֣еĴſڣһĿ˼ضǣֱ뿪֮󣬷תһȥ
ͬһʱ䣬õѪͷͣ뿪Уͻһ·Զȥ


100 ¥ͻ
лһǮ֮漴һҹģеȵľ¥׼úôһ١
磬ǿ㣬ѾŵζˣˡȸԾ˵
һʵСѾͷﻵˣ˿̲ϳĸ첲š
ЦСԴ̶˽ȥ
˿ʮ֣¥ﻹ֣Сһпˣæǰк
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СҲǿ˿Ҳûжƽϣֱӿ˵СǵóԵƲ
Ӵλ͹٣Ʈ¥ȻȲǷĽҳҲһģȷҪǾ¥Ʋͨͨһ𣿡С۾ᣬԴε˵
СǰΪʦᣬﲻ֪ǵС˼޷ǿǸڣ԰͵ġ
ǰСѾǲˣϾûе潫ǸߣҲЩʡ
ֱӴӻͳһѽңСʮֺ˵Щá
СһѽӲӵĽң۾Բ漴С϶ĵЦݣͷ˵˶ˣλˡ
޷ľ͵ˡһν˵
Сǧл֮󣬱̵뿪һһˮ˹ظἸ˲裬漴˵λԵȡ
аˬһ࣬ǵһôǮһǧĸо
⸱ģЦʱٲȻһģ
ˣֻֻ񣬲ʱᣬȴ޷κУʱ飬
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ⲻһľٶʱԱһЩʳ͵ָָ㡣
ֱߵһ˸ǺڵֱӼɽҰ׬˵Ǯ䵱Ƕۡ
ѰȥԱһŮϵ͵ŵӴ磬ŮԼĪʮ꣬ģˣȴǱȲ
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һԵһӣҪһ㣬˿ֻ˵࣬Ҫ¡
ǰʦ֣Щһûı񲻵ǵݡһԵĶ̷Ůӣһĵؿˣ̶˵
С˵ֻЩ⣬ʵڰ۵úܡ΢ü˵
һת̶˵ǻð죬
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Сٻڵظ˹˵λˣʲôҪģ
üһָָˣ˵Ǿ¥ôģȻһȺؤⲻӰǽ𣡡
СԿᣬ漴Цݣ˵λСϢŭǼλҲǸǮԷģǾ¥ܲý֮֮⡣
Ҳܣ֮ҿҾͳԲ·Ҫô㽫ǸϳȥҪôҽǾ¥ˡһ˵
СҪ£Цݣ̶˵λҪԷСʱӭҪ£Ʈ¥ܹĽҳ㣬Ҳôǵġ
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һ죬Сʱڵϣῴȥԭǽж˾ǲɷ˵شһơ
СҲЩãȻû뵽Щ˵־Ͷ֣ʱŵİ߸ǻһ˿Ѫ
ؿС漴˵ߣǸƾ¥ʲôŵġ˵Ʈ¥ĺ˵⣬Ҳմ󡣡
Ʈ¥ƹҲע⵽Щ飬ææظ˹æ˵λʲôǷСʲôдܵġ
ƹ񣿡൭Ƴۣ˵
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ָָᣬ˵ãЩؤԷʦÿ˲ˣ콫Ǹߡ
ʱƹѾС֪ǰ飬˿ԣüͷѯʵ֪λǣ
˭кιϵüͷһ޵˵
ƹϸһ漴ʲô̶ЦԭǾѣʧʧ
ϳݣҲûие죬Ǽ˵Ȼ֪ǵݣĪҪҲľ¥ſ϶֣
ôĿĺ˵ĵطʲôʱҲҪһšƹЦ˵
ŵر˫ۣ˵ĺ˵Ϣѵǻ֪ˮѾˣ
ʲôƹԣͷһˮĺ˿ҪǿȻˮˣѹЩš
ƹǲƭϾôһǼٵģôض⵽ˮıɲ˵ġ
˿̣ƹΪԥȻƮ¥һǿͣݵԭ򣬵Ȼ֣ĺ˸ܶԿ˿̲Щ˵ķԸֻǻ¡
İ˵˸ߣ˵ĺǣĺ˵ǸСĴ
һһֱδᣬ꼸˵̸ҲǴ˾ԭЩһﲻǽ£ֻ޹ǣѡ
ֻǣǰĵӶҽѵôЩʽС˵ǹʹĸоɲôãЩ˾Ȼؤ̡
£ȣжһ裬΢΢漴˵Ұ˲ðҪúóԶٷУƹģ
ƹԭò⣬˿ֻӲͷƤ˵֪λʲôԸ
Щ۵ļһͳͳߣ͸ġһ˵һߴӻͳһСӸƹ
ƹӵңɫȴ˵ĹŹ֡
ҰСӣȻҾˣǹӣʱŭˣվ˳ֳԼ彣
ЦԴ뿪ڤ֮ôһЩΪǵӵܡ
ǰΨֱ֮һѾӵе֮ΪڼǿߵʵûʲôССĽҳȥ˭
˵ǰ˾һ΢˼ôǰЩʲôƨ
ôˣҸ·ѡһԼԹԵ뿪⣬ҵʲô鶼ûһôҶֽȫȥֻҳֵĻʱȱ첲ȵģǿɾͲˡһЦ˵
ǰЩ˵ʵѱ壬ŮӵΪ۷壬΢ߵҲͽңһֱû˵꣬Ҫ࣬ҲǸ۷塣
Щ˵ʵỹֻ֣ܹɽ


101 Ǳ
ŵһ¥ʳͽǲ
ԭΧһЩֵʳͣⷬȴ̲סЦ
Ƕ̲סЦЦЦƾǼҲѵǣԭֻᣬȴ̲סֺúýѵѵ㡣
˵ţ಻ǰ׼úýѵһ²֪ߵغᡣ
˭֪һΣ̶һİ
ϸһƣȴǶ໹Ӣ۵Ӳ֪ʱһӡ
˿ȴԭأЦؿŶ࣬˵ǶղųЦǵĳͷ
ϴһĴʹ־ŭôҲ벻Ȼ˸ҵڴ⣬γֵġ
ֶʱöЩη岻ѣһʱ佩ﲻ֪Ǻá
ʱһֱĬڿֵһ˲䣬бһ󾫹⣬漴վ˵λ˵ãմ
˿ӵ˵ǸղŲǺţҪѵңڸǻᣬҪͿ㶯֣ǲ֣ҿɾͲˡ
˵ţ˾Ŀ⣬һǰǼȥ̶ȭཻƬ̣ǶӢӣʱ˸ͷ
һԵӼ״д󺧣û뵽ǰ˿ƣ˵־Ͷ֡ۼ౻ȻӲ
ֻǵ׼־Ԯ֮ʣѾ࣬ת˹
۷壬ˣǻؼҺúöɣ޲˵
˵ͬʱȭͷϣֻһۻң̶ӱһ߷ɣֱӽһҵ÷顣
ǹһѩŮӼԼʦ徹Ȼ´ܣм֮֮ʱ´󾪣æǰ
ֻǣһٱӴ˿ήңѪģǱ
ǹ״ŭ˵㾹Ҵʦֺʦ壬Ҿ󲻻Źġ
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һƣȻ˵ٶ˵һ䣬ɾͲǼһƿԽˡ
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ԱߵѩȻҲһŵò˵Լʦӽֻ⵽ԷĴæһͬϵˣҴȥ
Ǳ룬תͷС˵ˣļһˣǵĲǲǸˣҶӿǶ˰졣
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С뿪ƹԥ£漴ߵ˵λˣղǼ˿ǾĵӣȰǻǿ߰ɣҪǵǰȱ߶߲ˡ
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һ˿ǰɫζȫʳ̲ס̿ˮ漴ſӣش
һԵ˵⸱̲࣬סҡͷЦ
״Ǹһ˷漴Ц˵ԣЩ˶Ҫˡ
ĹͶȥһĿ⣬漴Ļϲؿʼ
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˷Ƶĳ࣬ʱҲΧʳ͵һעĿ
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´һҲĺãֻ˵ᣬʲô㣿
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˵ͷ˵Ҳ֪漴ڽҿĽҳǺ֮ǰ֮ǼΪƣ˼࣬ʱҲôӳ顣
Ҳ˵̶˵ǺãƵ۹ؼҵֻ첻ǱⰲͬʱҲ˳̽һϢԼǼҸоЩ֡
Ҳôãһʵ
˵ͷ漴ԼĲ²⻺˵˳ԼǾңں֮ǵλͣΪûʵȨ޷вؼΪ۹֮һΪԵ޹ʺһûκʵȨԼԣһʵ˵ͨ
᲻ؼҿԼҵĲҵһԵԵʵ
һ۵ҡͷˣ˵ܣԼȻҴҵ󣬵ؼǲֻ̰ͼԼҵĲƲȻݺԼң˵òʧҼԼˣԼҵĲҵȻ⵽ΧؼԶڵ۶޷ƣô˳ֺõ顣
ʱһ漴˵ԣؼҲеһöӣĻʼٸܿǾ֪ˡ
磬ôô϶񲻽ؿᣬʵ
һԵȻҲ˹漴֣˵ֻҪ΢̽һ£Լź˭õǺԼҼף㲻ҲȻѲ˸ϵ
ԣһŭ˵㣬ģһúŬҳˣ游ױ𡣡


102 Ӧ
ĽҳһӵĻլӴ֮ϡ
һĿϵӣĿ˼ţʱɿ߽һӡ
Ϣˣǻ˴˿ڶǵӹ˵
ԣԭյ۾ȻһĿֱǰĵӡ
̽Щʲôӵͳ˵
ֱӣǵӱԵЩ֣̿Щԥ˵һϸ飬ȻδЩ˵۹Ǳˡ
۹𣿡˸һ˿һɫ˵
ʱǵӼ˵·֣Щ˸кüˡ
ԣ¶һĨЦ˵ߣЩϼһϢôͨ
ǵӿӵı飬С˵ô
۾˼һᣬӷ۾˵ȶţҪ
ʱĽҳǶһլһֿ¶˷֮ɫ
ĽҳǵľȻ֪ǲؽŵĴӪ
ⳤֿоƤķӣǲؽҶ¥
ؽĽҳһ˵ԶԶȲǰľ󣬸˵Ľҳڵˮڤˡ
ǣؽŵҶ¥ȷʵǸ˲õؽţҲǡ
ԴӶʮǰҶ¥ƾһڤĽҳ֣ǹƥʱĽҳǵĵһҶ֮󣬶ʱ롣
Ҳǵ֪ԭҶ¥ԭҶˣֻݵλͣĸ׵Ҷ֮˱Ҷ¥ɱ֮Ǳ롣
ʱΪ֮ҶҸûзϣ˭֪ʮ֮Ҷ¥֪ѧһ£ƾһڤɱҶ
ҶҼҶأҲҶ¥游Ҷҵһ֣ǱҶ¥һ룬˵ʱҶصѪҶ¥ȾѪˣҶ¥ҶѪܣǼԣһҹ֮佫Ҷ˸ɾ֮еӤŹ
ټҶһҹ֮ȻʧҶ¥Ҳ֪֮֮Ҷ¥ƾԼһ˽˲ؽţжʮʷ
ʱҶ¥¶һ˿˷ɫ漴ǽʵ㿴ˣЩϻжٱ
¿Ҷ¥Ŀ͸޵ĳݺȣ˵ǰƮ¥ֵӽᣬǵ˵Ǵ۹ԶﹺһլӣլӱҲؽŵĲҵǸǢҲؽΧӣĴ̽ȻδܿȺ˰֮Ӱвʱ¶һ˿߳ɰЩ֮жȻвٱ
ܺã˵³֮Ȼ͡Ҷ¥µļ˵
Դϲæл
Ҷ¥˼漴˵ʲô춯
Ӣ֮̽ʱѾΧкüڸǻֻ޷޷̽Щ˵
Ҷ¥˰֣Ц˵⻹ò£ϢȻǴдģˮǸϼһ᲻Ųʡ
£Ҷ¥˵Ȼˮ󶼳ˣڤҲŵ˵Ȼ󡣡
ǽôһѾȺˣʵ
Ҷ¥Ŀ˼һ̶˵óһƷЩһ϶Ȼ౦ҸֱӶ֣ζҪϵĶ
᲻⵽Χԥ˵
Ҷ¥һһϢ˲˵ʮȺϼһʼտҲؽţҵ⣬ؽѱЩϼһԵͷʣҶ¥һֱЩһжԸȥֻҪǸҶ֣ÿȫɱ⡣
±Ҷ¥һ¶ȵı飬漴㼱Ҵҵȥˡ
һ˻֪ԼѾ˶ˣ˿һ²ع۲ǰլӡ
ｫһδһʱļҡ
һãʱĽҳǣһΪݱȽУ˿ǻص۹пܱ¶ݡ
ǾĹ۲죬ĽҳǺͺ֮һƵҵ֮С游״̵ҵϵ츳ʮֳɫҪ游ױֻ⼸˸ǲܵġ
Ψһİ취ټ֣ҪһǮ׬Ǯͷ
ھҪʲôһʱδãȻ£֮ȻҸ֮ǰլỨϾҵļ۸ġ
լȻȲϵԸĽҳҲһլˣΧͨʮֱϾȻЩףḶǮʱȴüͷһ£Ϊ󷽡
Ȼ֪ǢͷʵǲؽŵˣһٶȻҲͷС
Ҷ¥õϢ֮󣬸ȷ϶Ȼֵǵı
ᣬԺļ𣿡
ҹվԺ֮УҹɫͻȻЩꡣ
ῴߵˣ֪Ը䡣
ģȻҴӦҪ㱨𣬾һһֱ֧ġᰲο˵
ԣתžӨӣһգգضῴ÷ŵͷ˵ᣬΪʲôңѵֻΪҾһ𣿡
ᱻͻȻһʣв㶣һʱ䲻֪λش
ǲ˵ֱֱؿᡣ
һʱ䣬Ժֻʣ˵ĺΧһƬž
ǱΧȾڼЩӷһЩ飬ԴһȣԼԼʲôһץס֣΢΢һ㽫뻳С
ҲǱͻȻľٶһֱ˵ỳУܵǹ̵ɢһŨҵϢŻع
һʱ䣬࣬ȴûѿ΢΢ڶԴ˸ȥ
嶯֮µľٶ漴عжʱβѣ
ͬ˳СèԼĻʱжʱ˫漴ס°ᶥ㷢֮ϣĨ嵭Ů㣬Щ
֮䶼δ˵ر˴˱ŶԷű˴˵Ĵڡ
֮ͻȻ£漴뿪Ļ
ʱɫתǻ谵ĺҹȻԵôˡ
ؿᣬ˵ˣʱ䲻ˣôãԺúϢˣȻȥˡ
˵ţת뿪ֻһÿıӰ
㶵վԭأǼ⻹㡣
᷽֮źݺԼԴ̶¶һЦݣõĻصԼķ


103 
գУһƷǧݡ
ȻƷѪ໻İϾңլȥϾңһ·˴ִŵĿʱİϾѾʣ²ࡣ
ȻʣϾҲǹάһʱ䣬Ҫọ̃ӪʵҵԶԶ
ˣһһǧ׼ȥ
ᲢûȥǼУ˸ĽҳһС
֮ҪΪ˱ע⡣ԼһŲͬݳƱػע⡣
ֻǣ᲻֪ǣһжѾ˲ںƮ¥;˷ͻԼ֮Ͼҹ˺լһѱϤ
˿̣һǧݻýϾҵľٶ뼸С
ʵܹ⣬ûвԼѾ˶ϣϾǼ̸ĽҳǶ꣬͸Ľҳǵĸ㿴ߺŵĽֱСĸĵҲ˵
޿ײĶȻҲ޷ע⵽ġ
ݺ͵λͬҲһЩСڱˣֶΣ޼ɹԪ½ĵλֻ»û˸ڱʹЩСٹ
ǮսУеһС
ֻǣû߼ѾΧ漴ѵЩԣ˶ˡ
ԣһŲʱͣĿϸɨ˱ΧȻͬ˵ЩԾ
ĽҳǺͺ֮ǼΪƣǸҵ֮ÿճждʹĽҳԵΪ١
˿̻ʱ֣ʱεĽֵӦַǷŶԣȴʮ壬˼С̯֮⣬ûӰ
۲ЩСһ࣬ЩСȻأỹزЩϸ΢Ϣ
˭ȻߣһߣǿҡЦŵ˵
ǵ˵ЩֻǱڰһЩϢϢҲΪˡ
Ļ֮ģΪɵصߣ˿ΪɻЩʲôΪλᶢ
ѵؼҵ˷ǣ
ƺҲܣǲŸոճĽҳһʱ䣬˵Զ۹ؼˣֻ¾ĽҳҲû֪ǵ
ɳؼ֮⣬ƺûе˭ѵƮ¥һ˵ı
зɿ˼ţֻǰǼСǿѾǵĴڣ˴˶һۣ漴͵ƿǰ̯ӣ˹
۽ᣬʱ׼Ż
Щ˳֣ȻһЦǰһӰ轣Ȼ֡
ʲôˣ鵭Į˿κνŵ
ߺһߣʵȻûκξµĵڰһ֣ͬ޷УҪȫ಻ʲô⡣
ֻǣᲢ뿪ŪЩ˾Ϊζ
شѺɱ
֪ЩһһѵЩǲʵڵģҲû룬Ӱ轣Ȼһ˲䱩еӰ轣ʱһɫ׵磬͵˲ǰ
һӵ̶ֻһ𣬻δô£Ǳɳȥ
ԭеѾ֮ʣ°أϵﾹǱӣѪ·Ӳ
ղһֺֿݣǻЩ˿Ӵ̽Ϣղһɱˡ
֮Ϊߣһ֮С
ȻҲûϵΪ֮ǿȻֻһ㽫һ߽⣬ͬʱǴˣбǶѿ
һ˿Īľ֣ղ赭дһǽǵıնϣͬһĨ޷Ĩľ֮ɫ
߿Լ¾Ȼһ֮УǴ𾪡
ʲô·ΪȻ˵ãɫأаĥš
һӰ轣ῴǱļˣ̶Ц˵ڸøңҵҪʲô
СӾȻһߣزؽſӲˡڰһЩֻ˵
һװĿºͣէۿȥ˭Ҳ벻ڤڤ֮һɶ
ڤΪĽҳ֮һڹߣΪĶ飬ΪѾﵽڣĽҳܹ֮Ҳֻˮĸٺ
ĽҳǵĵλܼеļҼҪ֮¡ȻȻĽҳ͹ٺףʵһǰʲô˵Ǹ߸ϵˡ
꺢ͯҲףƬˮڤԼĲؽѰи߲ʵȻ಻֮µڶеһѡ
ֻλȻƵ۹ĻҶǣһССĽҳǣûʲô˼ȥ
һ㣬ʹͬʮϵϵعϷ档
ܱ˴˽Է֮ǣȴûֹƴһֻΪĸǡ
ɴ˿ɼƵ۹ĵλǻҿԱȼġ
磬ؽЩȻĵ֣ǽǷҪ֣ɶһѯʵ
ɶĿ⻷ɨһȦ̶˵ȻСӴǵĹƣûеǰʱҪ֡ˮǱ߶ȻҲڹעǳ֣ܹСӣˮȺһﶨȻ׷뿪ڤڿɲΪ¡
˶٣ɶ̶˵ڲؽǼˣҲˣҶ¥ӿ˿ڤڷǹҶ¥ɽڤкθϵ
ڤ˵ŻͬʱɶеĹҲվǰΨһߴ˿ȴ亹ֱ
޷ǰΪȻ˿ֲԼ±֮󣬹֪ԼĶ֣ʮ𾪣ĵһӦǵͷ뿪
ЦһлߣԸҲΪԼܹͬ㡣
ǣʱȴԼǰϢס
ĿԼϣţֻҪһᶨԥĳֽС


104 ˭
뵽⣬ѵ˿ڿˮЩɬ˵ѣ֮Щᡭ
᣿㵱ɵ𣿡ЦˣԸǵ
ԼǰȻǱ˿ɢǿϢ㣬һʱ侹ǲ֪Ǻá
سȥĽŲÿһɫԽ԰һ֣ǧصѹϣЩԺ
ӵ֮ΪĹˣ˵ˡ
˵𣿡ḧеӰ轣˵
ţȹ˿ڣҽͬʱ𣬹һʱ˿
ԭԼ´˿ڵʹధһԣ˵ֱɢһԣѪϵشӶϱ۵˿гһѪ֮ζ
벻ǰĺд˸̶ɫغȵס֣ǲؽŵˣںҲؽΪС
ؽţüͷһ壬ظ૵
ǹüжʱ˵Цô֪ˣҲؽſûʲô³Ȱ㻹ǲҪֿԹ־ܡ
ЩЦؿŹģѵǰΣ
ǲؽţûһӰ轣ʱһ󰧺
δ˵Ļʱȥԭ˵ʱ򣬵˵һֱǱն
ڤһʱ֮⣬ں޲жɹҲΪľֺϰߡ
ԵʱĴʴȣôҲһľԼһν¡
ڤص޿ɲ㽲棬ֻҪһڣЩ׺ݵ޶ȻˣһʼЩǳ˼ο
ɫ粻û뵽ڵ֪ǵ֮Ȼʹɱ֣Ȼؽŷ
СӣôӣȻҲؽŵӣ֮ҲؽżˣնȻֻعŭȵ

˹Ļ󣬶ʱкЦЦ
ЦʲôЩ߳ŭ˵
Ц˺һᣬ̶ֹ᷽ͣɫһ䣬˵ƺһ£ǵȫУûҵͬ⣬ܹ뿪𣿡
ԣɫһ䣬̶ȵɱң֪ĽҳǣСӿԺΪĵط
ǿԵ޹ʶҳ֣ΪҾͲɱǣЦŷʵ
һʣʱûЩȻҲǲϵɱǰֻĻɱ
˼ˣɼ˵㲻ҪɱңؽŲŹ㣬ҾҲĽҳ
һ˿ɫ̶˵ԭǲؽű
Ϊ֮Ѿı⣬˵ҪɱңҲ͵ͬڵȰ㻹ǳ嶯ĺãʲôĵطԼҲ
˴˿̣Ѿᵱɲͷ࣬ƽʱЩСĦ򲻵ѾԶԷʹ֣Ǵ֮ǱڵĹء
µֻðϣסǰᡣ
ֻһԽߣЩô֪Ҿ֪һж޹ءȻҪȻĴ
ȻıȴǼǿ
ỹǵϵһСʦ֮ʱеһҷĸ߲㣬ʱֻǸĬĬŵѧͽ֪ԼƵ޷Է⵽Ǹ߲һֻ֮ѡĬĬܣҷ
ʱ˼⸱Ƿ׷׳ЦѣЩ˵ȴһһ¡
֮󣬹˺һʱ䣬˶Ѿ飬Ǹ߲ԼҲСĴ֮ʱȴڵȵ˱Ļᡣ
һΣű˲עʱ͵͵ڳķкҩЩдһλá
Ǵ᲻ʲô֪λ߲˶ҪϹϾȻݼߡ
ĽǣǴڳҩķ֮к͵ҽԺȣ˺üŻ
ҲΪǸڴŭ֮УǷֻܹŴ󼪣ĸ߲Ǳؽ֮УǿֵµŮԱ
Ȼʼգᶼ֪ǴҲûȥ룬ֻҪ˵õ˳ͷĵġ
뵱޸֮֮ʱˣ˵ڵˡ
Ѿǵ֮ߵᣬʵһĵҪԶԶǿϲ١
ǰЩ˸Ķ֣ȻҪȻǲ׷Źǡ
򣬼ΣǰĿ˵ӣ֪֮Ǻ˦Ů˼⡣
˵Ѿˣ˿ں
Ҫǣǰָɵȷǲͬݿ޼ɹٹޱȡ
ʶѣΪǵ򲻵ѣֻҪԼţ˭
ǰֻΪûм̳ļ䣬Լһ֪ŵС뿪
ĽǱ޼ɹ֪Ƕ˵ҲѾʲôˡ
Ļ֮ͬӬһᷳв֮£һȹӦеӰ轣ɿʹˡ
ֻһ˲䣬ǰʹధشߣ˿ѾʧȥϢ
ǹԼţǰȻΪ־ŭҪ˵Щʲôȴǲᡣ
ڽ֮Ѿһ
ΪҪȵȥ˸һΣˣ΢Ϊ޷С
ûлѶǹѾڵأѪɫʣ鼫Ϊʹࡣ
ߣһ͵زڹؿϣܵһĹٴһѪ۷ߺ޵ضᡣ
һŲǲϣǽΪߵϳ׼̤βùŭ
ǷԸңΪ޹͵ϮңòҺǲؽ֮ûʲôڰɡ۾ؿŹ
ڹм˵Ŀ⣬޶á
ңҲؽŲŹģ֪飬ǲġޱԹ˵
ԣҡҡͷЩϧ˵Ȼ˲ϣǾͲҪң˲ҲˣǼȻɱңôͱĺ
ϣӰ轣Ļᣬֱһ䳹׻ɱ
һУὫӰ轣ѪĨɾ֮󣬱뿪С֮жʱһƬžԼŵЩѪζ


105 ܰһĻ
ֱȥ˺һʱ䣬ԶɶԼһ·Żع
úݵֶΣСӾȻɱ֣ǳ׵˲ؽţҶ¥ӣֻ޷աɶȥıӰ
磬Ǿ뿪ɶߵСѯʵ
ɶûκԥ˵׾СУΪƾǼܹ
⡭ղֶΣһʱǳĬ
̻ȥ¸ɶɿ˵
ϣһ˱㼱Ҵҵȥ
һһɶ뿪֮漴ʧ
᲻ڰЩΪʲôûжֻ֣׼Щ˵ʵɱ֮뿪
ЩΪλỹδͷֻԼЩ
ʲôˣʲô˸ɵģȻɱҲؽŵˣõѶҶ¥˿ܻŭš
ǿ񱩵˲ǰŵµѹЩ
һҶ¥侲ǿѹеŭ˻ȥ
ң׷ʲô顣Ҷ¥ޱȻǳ׼ŭλʮĲؽ
Ҷ¥ӵĽҳҶҵһλµеһϽյĵλȻһݻԵŬ츳ǲɺԡ
ؽԴӳ񣬾ڤںˮԭȱԴڵǲ׵
Ҷ¥벻ף˭ĽҳǶؽŵĵӶ֣Ŀһߺߡ
Щ˿ɶؽŵľӣһȥˣлһߣŭβʹ
½ͷβϸ֮
Ҷ¥粻ϵɼŭΡ
֮ϣӽǴҴһڡ
ãҶ¥ͻȻ͵һľƳɵľºҶ¥ŭһ֮£ֱӻɷĩ
øᣬȻɱҲؽŵӣ֪ͨȥ˽ȺסĵطΧȻĿŵɱҲؽŵӣһڴҶ¥Ŀ˵š
ܿ죬Ҷ¥Ľҳжʱӿ
ʱڤڵɶĻر֮ûκα顣
˵ǸֻǼоͽȫˣȻʵ
ɶǰĶνޱȣæشСΪȷʵ˵ãֻ಻Ķ֣̫죬Ҹ޷ʽж
Լʮ˽⣬֪ſڿӣɶĻ󣬶üͷɽ
ؽǱʲôʵ
ɶشϢҶ¥ڵ֪˿Ѿɳ½һסĵطȥ˵Ҷ¥ѾԳ档
ֱϢһֻûвĿŷһɫ̶Ц˵Ҷ¥ǸԶôçײǹЩԩҲѹҶ¥ŭȻԳ֡
׼ô죿ȻҶ¥ˣһֻмܣʱϵҪؽŵУɶΪڤս֮һλζԼ󻤷֮¡
Թһ˵ԼĽҳڸ춯ָƣŻʵ
Ƭ֮󣬷˵ǽСӽƷǧݵлϾңһ߰Ͼҵıû˿ԥɼС϶Ȼ߼ֵıЩ䵽ؽУֻ²꣬ؽžҪﵽڤͷˡ
£۾طԸλϴʮһͬǰȥţʱŻ¡
ɶõԸ֮㹧ȥ
߸ո´һߣˮĵϣδ֮еˮٺ˿ϸϸµ
֮󣬹ٺüѣ÷ŵ˵ǸȤСһϧСһ̫â¶Ϊе㱾±ɲ˷ϧϧˣ
£ٺ漴̾Ըȥһˣʲô̻ر
ȵȣ
ٺס뿪£漴ҡͷ˵Ҷ¥Գ֣ڤǱҲӲΪ˽֪ͨһһͬǰȥ
ỹ֪ǰѾĽҳע⣬ɳ˸Եľӡ
ŻٽһصոոµլУһűЦ
ϸһԭСѾͷСĲֺ
ССС屻ƤһϵУȻ䡣ƤСﲻûκŭʮָоеؽţʱӶԼСƺѧЩСһڿз衣
ֻǣСӶһ˫СȴͦŸѧӣȴ̲סЦ˳
ʱǾһԵʯϣЦؿС֡
һߣдţ֮ʱ˵дѾȻ״̬
ⲽߣǷӰЦЦ漴˵ˣ
ֻһƽĹлЩ컵֮⻰ȴһζ
ῴЦȻĿⲻЩȡ
ǸܵĿ⣬˫ղһ죬תֵذһֵۣ˵ʲô˵ġ
ͷһȣסС֣Լ֮󣬸޹ǵִһ۸Уаˬѣȴǲ˵
ⷬľٶߺҪħצȴûһɵ˵ſСǻԱˣ˶ඪˡ
һ߲ѵģ׷ſƤԼѲͷᱡ
˭֪һȴǱһԵСѾͷʱ۾һ治ģ
ҲΪ̫ȣڰеСֱűߴһŻعɾ磬С㣬
״ԭ糺ռҪγѪͷҿ
ع˫סգһ𾪵ؿɰģ˿ûᱻˤڵϵСǲָ
һдߵĶͣ߿
˼ǣʱ˱һ̶¶һȻı顣
Ȼһѷ֮ǵĹϵԿһĻû̫ȡ
˷ܵغ̫ˣҾ֪б£ҽ㶨ȻӲġ
һ̲סЦ˳ĻȴæħצƵ˵עӡ
ݵܰܿͱһ󲻺гơ


106 
Ժ洫һ󼱴ٵĽŲ
Ƭ֮󣬴ű˺ݺһײһȺ˳˽ڵһȺˣüͷһ壬Ǹ˳
ʲô飬˭ȵʵ
ǰ˻ĿȻȺˡ
Ϊ֮Ŀʶǣֻ˵Ĵţ漴Ǽɱ֡
ǲؽŵˣʵ
˵ŻͬʱѾӰ轣䱸֮ɫ
Ϊ֮˺ȻǲؽҶ¥֪Լĵɽɱͬʱ߱ɱҶ¥βŭǿǲؽŵľӣһκһֻ¶ŭ
ϾЩǰǿͼŵӶнΪ˿Ҷ¥ѪģؽʮһҲʮߣ߸ֻһ¿ֱòؽʧ֮һʵ
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107 ̬ı仯
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108 һ
ҹУµլһŨҵѪζԺһĻѪȵĳ档
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Ѧҡҡͷ˵˲ؽһΪ壬ż˫ҪսĻἫͣһΪβܺڤ֣ˣ浱ûԶѣҲûԶĵˡ


109 粨ƽ
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110 Źֵͷ
Ტ֪˵龰Ȼֻ֪Ҳκ뷨˲żȻ·˶ѣ˰Ϊòˡ
Ľҳת˸飬ȴʼûѰһѳֵĽҳó֮ССʮң˸飬ȴʼûҵı
еԭܼ򵥣ΪǰʮԣǹƸǳޱȣӰ죬ҪѰһ˳ǹΪ
ǣ᷽ŷĳǹ͵ϵĳǹȫͬ˵Ԫ½ǹ͵ϵȫָ
ʵҲ˵ȫûϵԪ½ϵĳǹƵϵéꪣ֪Уǹһֱ鶯ƣԵʱ仯Ī⣬䲻⣬ǳǹľڡ
ĳǹΪغͷⲢҪġ
½֮ϣձ˻ųΪǹĳʹãССʮĳǹ඼һЩƷʽϲĴεȻԱ֪ЩεȻֻ»δ͵˽ֱ޷סѡ
֮£룬ҼԼļ´һĳǹ
һգŴڤõһɫţĴɫһ˳ǹ
˿еĺɫɲʮͨ飬˵⿴ںǴ
Ӧýз½ַ֮ν֮٣Ϸëݡ
˵Ǵ½ϵĲӺζ˵֪Ὣõϣֻܹϳ޼
֮Ե֪಻Ϊ޼ɹǡҲһ÷ɵĳǰѳĸףε޼ɹ彣
ܹô½޼ɹΪ彣˱֤Ƿ
ΪڤзĴڣ˭Ҳ޷ֻ֪ܵ
ļӲ̶ѾԶԶԪ½ϵκһֶϣҲѶȡ
ⲻһʮʦ޷ڻ֣˵ǽһ˳ǹˡ
ô£ʦȻ޷㸸ǰɽζģЩƵվڴϣɻʵ
Ƭ֮𣺡ǰɽĪĪԴʦǵ½һʦǸղЩʦɱȵġ
Ҳ֪ΪΣЩֵʱԽԽ٣ᷢʣʲôΣգ㲻ֹ⵽һԼڻһڡ
Ҳû룬˿ⷬɿЦ½һʦȥҸ½һʦҶ
ĪԺҸѣҸ֪䡣˵
Ƿ˷ۣ˵˵˲ڰ˵
ҡҡͷ̾˿ˣһŪˡ
ʧشȥ֮ʱȴľһССƽʱȻһССע
Ϊҵһѳֵǽʮҹģϴ˸飬һжĴܻ᲻ضۡ
ֻ⼸עЩ͵ǰ˿۵СȴǺע⡣
Ҳ֪ΪΣڼҿЩƾɵʱŲȴǹʹ˽ȥ
лǴһϣˡ
һ̤棬᲻üͷЩܼҲжʮˣȴûһұȵǰ
˵жôĺã෴ģ⼸ڼСƵ
˵Ǹ˵ֻһͨ˼ҾסӣֻһЩ˵ı
һѳһ漴ҡҡͷ
һȦ᲻ɴʧȻԼЩ쿪ΪССܹԼϲ
ʧ֮࣬ҲٴζתҪ뿪
ʱһž׳ߴ˳ٴΣߵҲûԵʮ飬ֻǵ˵Ҫʲô
ߵеЩ֣ǼߵȻˡ
ͷô䵭ǿǷֻҲûԸ˹ˣѹ˵ǡжشš
Ҳֻ룬ϻ˵ûʲôֻ㿴˼ˣ
ʲô𣿡бᣬ䵭
ϸ˷֮ʵЩ˼ģ
򣬲ͿߣôʲôԵЩͷ
Щ֣ͷô£ǷƵġ
Ҳû໰ҲֵıҲתߡ
һ£
֪ΪΣͻȻڽסᡣ
תɻؿߣԡ
õʲôЩ١
˵еķ᲻ʵĲϣʲô𣿡
̿ˮСʵܸܲҿ
еЩЦͷ̬תҲ̫˰ɣ
ղŻһקøʵƵģôһת۾ͱº͡
ȵȣ
͵һͷĪϳ
Էϵǲ¶Էǿ෴ģֻˡ
Ҫ֪һʱ䣬ʮЩνʦеķϲֻһͨ϶ѡ
ʱ߼û˵ߣɿ͸һ˿ȵضеķš
죡ƣҺúƣѵǷһ˵
һ͵һͷòȻϵţ漴ʵ˼ϵ
ôϵãϺõϣһһͣջǵһμķУһҪҸҿҾק㲻뿪Ǽˣ
ǿЦãͷԸ˹죬ǰһôת۵ĹͬоƤһˣˡ
ȻͷϵᵹǲƣԸŵͷܹʲôϲҲ˵
нӹǷߴʱĶСݷŵʲô䱦һ
ȻûǷ벻벻ҴȻⱦ¾ˣⱲҲ޺ˣһ˵


111 Ϸ
ῴһпЦı飬ԼҲЩЦá
˰죬ǻûعֻøɿһ˼ңҪʲôʱ򣿡
ԣĿⷽŴǷ˿
ͻȻһǰǳĸɿƺݺקסĸ첲˵ˣǲҪһ
˵ԹԵ˵㽫ңΣ
㣿߼ۣЩɵ˵
߼ԥæ˵ֻҪ㽫죬ҷĲա
ߵĻвһϣֻǰڵߵŻɵ̬ȡ
˵Ķѣģ룬漴ʵ˼ܹɱ
֪ҡҡͷܸɴĻش
ԣһ㶡
漴˵Ҷ첻ĻĽҳûκܹ쵽ɴתתҹʲôϲ
ŵ࿴ۣߵĻȥɣΪ֮ǰȷʵڳиת˱飬ȷʵͬ˵ЩԳʲôʦļһеķϲ
˿̣еǶ˼漴˵˼˵ĲСӸոմЩȷʵûϵôǸ޷ɹ
Ǿʹˣ֪½ҲֻĪϼһ÷ƳһѾ񽣳ϼһﵱʱ䣬ķһĺ룬Ц˵
Īԣа˼ʵ˼ʶǴ½һʦĪԣ
˭֪Ļԭ걻¯Ѭ˵ӱøǺ죬⻰ݷ𴥶񾭣˲Щףȵʲô½һʦƾĪͷǼＸõһһѾܹõ½һĳƺš
ģ᲻ݸͷһӣͺ꺢ִ֮ͯһ㣬ʵȤ
˼ԼһǾЩʵ˼⻰ضʶĪԣֻǲ֪˼ôƺ
ߴʱȻЩ˵ĪͷɻҶϵãͷҽз־ʶҵ˶ϷӣҲ룬֪ҵûмץԴҲ֪˭
־ʲô·𣿡
ûĪԴʦҵʶͷƺĪԴʦЩϵֻҴδĪԴʦͬʦֵܡ˵ʮֵͳ
ֻ˿עȫǰϷϣûж⡣
ʱ뵽ղϷӵĻüͷʵǰ˵Īʱ䷽ķ֪ʲô𣿡
֪ÿʦԼĶգĪͷὫⷽҡ˵ϷӺȥʱˣҲʱ䣬Ҳܹһķ־Ȼ˵
һȻҪʱ䣬бЩʧѡ
־ģ֪룬漴ɿ˵֪ʲôԴĪͷɽӶõ½һƣϷҲǱר˼ʮ꣬һķֻһֱѰҲ޷֤
˵ĿģЩ⣬ʱϲ˵
־ɣɲ˵˵ȻϷ˵ӲƭˣڱɵһԣҲ͵Щʱ䣬ҲԿ
룬˵ҲãǰĿұ㽫졣
־ͷɴϲҲ˲ææᵽݡ
ݣʱһӭɷȡ漴ĳ裬ֻмڷһͻ¯һŻ治ʱӻ¯֮ڻ¯ԶǰڷһĹԼһЩģߡ
Ƿ־һݣȲ¯ǰǷСطŽ¯֮С
ʱ¯ڵĻüΪʮֱ꣬ϵŻ࣬ԿĻ༸ҪǷ־塣
в־˰ѺһСķ־һѺӾͻᱻո⡣
־ȴȫȻںһգգضŻ¯
־ʦ죬ɴǲ⡣
ܿ죬ĲУ¯еķѾյͨ졣ʱ־ַĽȡ˳һԵ֮ϣ̶ɿһԵˮ֮ȡһưˮͨķһ
ʱһ󡰆ꡱ죬ӿ𣬽
־ֽǸոȴķͶ¯֮Уظ衣м̣־Ŀʼնڷ֮ϣרעЦ
ܷǷʮֹģﾲ˴쵹ҲȤ
Ҳ֪־ظ˶ٴΣһη־Ƿȡ֮ʱȴǲɵüͷ壬¶һ˿ɻ󣬿š
˴죬˿̼Ƿ˿ûκα仯ǰʵǰôķǷЧ
־ͷǷԹԵҡҡͷ૵ܰôԭӣû
һʱˣЩʧ
Ƿ־˿״񲣬ƺֻǰķѹͷŽϷӣ
Ϸûа취Ҳ˷ʱ䣬漴뿪
ϷӼҪߣǹ˲æȵȣڸҵʱ䣬һ⣬Ƚ֮оãһ©򲻿ʧܵġ
ᷭ˷ۣϷӵĽͲƲƲ졣
ͻȻϷ͵̧ͷ¶Ȼˣ¯¶Ȳ޷ﵽȽ֮Ч
漴Ϸǿ˵¯ӾҶĸ¯¶ȱѰ¯Ҫ޷Īϼһģ
Ϸӵûȥֻȴһ̶˵˼ֻҪ¯¶ڸߵ㣬Ƿӱܳɹ
ûǷѰ¯¶ȸ޷ﵽЧ¯ӾҸ죬Ļ¶ҪƽһʱҲ벻¯¶ȵķ˵ţϷΪƵץԼͷ
ˣ°һ˼͸һ˿ϲɫ̶˵ǰ˵֮ĿУҵи¯¶ȵķ
棿ʲôңϷһ˵а취ҲǷƭץĸ첲һ͵˵


112 ƻ
Ϸһ֪ʵģʵЩܲסѾһͣһ汦ģͷ
˼·漴˵ʵܼ򵥣ֻ¯ײһС¯¶ȣĿ϶ֹһ㡣
Ī˵ɣ¯ʮĸ죬н¶ȣֻӸСܴ¯¶ȣϷЩŵؿᡣ
Ҳ޹ֺϷӲţʮѪŽ¯ɽ⸱ģѾڼޡ
ûһ͸ֻһССĸĶܽ¯Ļ¶ȴȵߣϷôܹ
ҲȥϷӵĿ⣬Ϸȡֽʣˢˢ湴
Ƭ̹ὫеıӵһԣֽͼֽϷӡ
ϷЩɵضͼֽϸƣȴ֮͹죬ȴûмġ
ʲôãϷʵ
ʵҲǺеףǰͼֽģƾǰеò
ǰֻһʦЩư赹Ϥ쳣ɹЩĶֻһЩӾϿ
˿֮Ǵﳣķ䡣
Ǹִļѱֻ̭ǶԪ½ƺû˷
һЩװ￴ӡ軭
ʵԭҲǴף޷¯ķ磬Ϊ¯ڸԱʹ¯ӵȼϳȼգγɸ¡
ֻϾ磬һ֪⣬Ҳ֪ԭǷá
ǰϷ˵Ƚķʧܣԭ¯¶Ȳߣ漴뵽˷
⼸ûмļʹ÷ġ
ֽͣһ˻δоֿ¶ȵĵߣǵϵһԭԪ½вͨ
ҲΪ뷨ϷӵķǲҴƱϻǿ϶˵İɣֻҪȻܹ¶ȣֻǵʱɹǱ㷽⡣
ɣϷܵˣæ˵ⶫãұܰһѺɽһľ
˵Ȼˣȥ˽ƳʱһԱ֪
ϷƲƲ죬˵С⻹ȥұˣһĹұܰⶫŪ
һʱϷӱǸʦڵϵ˵ҲǸȻܹôһССķȻѲ
뵽˴쿪˵Ȼˣ㡣
ϷӸ֮ص˸ոµլ֮УǷȻ˻
Ϸӣֻʶһ첻Ȼڲޱ߷ϷӣӡĺãĸƤ˹صĶȻ׾ͽˡ
ΣϷӵû˵ģֻǲ϶һҪȥһˡ
صլ֮˶Ժ֮иţΨڽ䣬һרעдʲô
ΪǰҶ¥飬ԸЩӾҪհȻӦʡ
Ȼ£ÿճԺرд衣
ȻͬһʱԼָƺͶһ²ʮԡ
ݵİ֮£ڹȥһʱΪҲ˶ӲڵߣĽǲС
ǵ򲻵֮£ǲ֣ƽյдȻ֮١
֪ϲҲûǿֻǽһЩڱ似ʹӵ㹻Ա㲻ٶʡ
ָд似ˣߵߡ
ָ似֮ʱѾ֪˿̼ͣе̶˵ãºء
ʲô飿ɻʵ
չһЦ̶˵Ȼڤصõ䱦ֻЩ䱦ΪǻһǮƣϾɽյҾȹЩӱ㿪ʼﻮһ̻ᡣ
̻᣿һ³ôĿġ
ģ֪Ѿ³뷨Ҳ˵ؼ۹֮һʵǿֻ⼸Ҫô֪Ҫ¡
£̶˵Ψһİ취ǽһԼȵǵɳԶԿؼңѵıʱҪһӴǰҪǮƣҲҪһ̻άּĿ
뷨ᵽûʲôԣȻҲҪ⵹ؼһȻָֻ޷гһܹ·ӳƾԭеΪԺؼһ¡
ԭֻؼҵľذͬһλǿߣ䱳ؼңԼɸؼŴ۸ӽͬˡ
Ҫǲῴ۹ľ£ҪԼҴһֻܴӳ飬çײ
Ȼܹ۷壬ЩȻڡ
֮⣬ʵһΪ򵥵İ취Ǿǽᱳ
ˣ˿޼ɹٹǰӳ޼ɹֻΪᵣԼ޼ɹڵЩֲͨԼðƻӶɹ
ѾѣһȻҲʲô⣬Ტûдص޼ɹ
һǸӿԼû˺ݻһԼڵͲݵĶ֣ȥҲǰװͶꡣ
취ֱӱˡ
ȻѾ˾Ҳԣ뷨Ҫʲôûعɺʵ
չһЦ˵¥
¥ĪǴƸҵž¥ĳӰɣЩʵ
ԣ漴һЦ˵¥Ȼٲİæҵûȥ¥ĳӣǴ㵽ʱЩеַ¥ĳӣΪƲˣİæǵľ¥Ȼܹɹ
Цӣ벻Ȼͷˡ
ֻ˿ЦҲֻܵͷӦ
Ȳ˵֮ǰо֮˵ڣ֮ݣ岻ݴǵ顣
գеϷǱߵԵʮֱѾٴϷӵڡ
Ϸһǰʱϲ⣬̤˺óᳶ˽ȥиЩȲ죡Ѿ컰ҵͼֽзĶ


113 Զ
ϷϵݣܿͿϷõķ䡣
Ҳû뵽ϷӶô죬ǷԭȻ򵥣ҪһϷӾȻֻһʱãᵹеϷӵıˡ
ȥ񲣬ޱ߷ϷȷʵǸ֡
ǷǰǹĦһǰķԼӡеȻЩ𣬵ȴûʲô⡣
һԵϷѾЩȲʵˣСӣڸøзʲôãѵƾ¯¶ȣ
Ϸһ͵ģЦЦ˵ȻֻҪĴڽ¯֮УȻˡ
ôܣ¯洵ǲǰѻ𣿡Ϸ۾ʵ
ûϷӶͣǴߴٵҪģҵķȻ벻鷢
ϷЩŰɣɼһŵر飬Ϸ̲ס棬㽫ǷƵ¯Աߣһ
漴Ϸֻŷ̶ǰ󵹣ݺһƣʱһֵͳ졣
գۼ䣬Ϸӱ㿴¯ڵĻ͵Ǹ˼֡
Щŵ˼Σ¯ڵĻϷӵľٶһǿӭϷӡ
⡭̫˼飬ô쵽ģΪʲôз紵ȥ¯ûϨ𣬷ȣϷţǱǰ˼ľסˡ
ῴڵĻ棬Ǵ˿ԭڵĵϵԭԪ½Ͼһ࣬ѾΥ顣
ȻǰֻһʦҲһЩѧαļ֪ʶ˿̵ϷȴǱ򵥵ԭ
δ飬عϷӲɼץס˫ۣ״ε˵̫ˣֱ̫ˣ㵽쵽ģѵ㶮Զʱڵ
ʲôԶʱڵЩĪʵ
㲻ҪƭңԶʱڵ޷ǰһУһǶԶԴˡϷأԿ϶˵
ЩЦãֻҪϹѧ˶׷ԭôϷӿУ򵥵ԭеԶˣ
ƾνͣϷʼռᶮԶֵϷӾȻΪʦʵһ
үүͷȻźҪԼΪʦһ㲻ӦҾͲߵļƣʵղѡ
û취ֻôӦʱԺһڰʦǼͬġ
Լ֪ﶮʲôԶķƾʲôϷӵʦ
Ϸӽ뱲ӣνԲѣ˿̼ʼղϴӦЩġ
Ϊ˲ϼæתƻ˵ˣڷѾŪˣ¯¶ҲˣǷܹǷɹ
һ⻰ϷӶʱǹ˲ú˵ææù¯֮С
Ȼһֻջ¯Աһ䣬Ƿ֣ϷȴˮƺЩͬ
ϸһ۲죬췢һˮϾð˿˿Щ߽ʱһɱϢ
ˮôǱģʵ
Ԫ½Ͽûʲôһ˵Ǽ֮⣬طбĴڡ
ϷᷢʣͷҲ̧˵ˮ֮пǷضıΪԭҿʹýó
ʲô
ǣϷԵ˵
ԣûʲôȣΪûⶫǱʶеȴ΢΢Щȵ˵Ȼǣǿֻڼ⺮ԭΪ֮
ж󣿡ʵ
ؽ͵֮ԽǣΪ辭һʱ䷽ܹγɣʱ仹Уڼ⺮ԭ֮ıȪ֮зܹγɣ˵¶Ԫ½͵ĵطҪ˵ͨˣһǿҲǺѵֵĺ
ⷬͣǰǵļֵˣ벻ףΪϷӻóıԼ
ݷ³룬ϷӺٺһЦ˵Сӣö룬ϷһӳԸܹһѾ˫ıˣ亱ܹһȻĪԶǰɽΪܹǸϼһһҿѪ
ǸĶࡣ
һ磬ʹ￴ϷǷ˷ʮ֮ϷӽǷ֮ϣϸĹ۲һ󣬶ʱ¶ϲı飬̶״شЦ
ɹˣĳɹˣϷ㵸شе
һἱæϸ˿ǷȻԭӲޱȵķ˿Ѿ΢˱仯Щ
״Ǵϲ⼸Ŭûа׷ѣȻ޷ȫˮ㿴ϣ
ϷӵıЩŷˡ
ˣСӣ֮ǰ̫˷ܣ׼Ҫʲôˣǳ𣿡Ϸƽ¼飬ʵ
ҡҡͷ˵Ҵһ˳ǹ
ǹ뷨ڲͬͷǹ˿ɲ࣬һЩҪķ֮⣬ˣоֲ㣬ȰҪϷüͷ˵
Ѿˣ˵ĳǹЩǹͬ
˵꣬漴ֽʣ湴ϳǹģ
ϷӶͼֽϵĳǹϸĥͱһӽϷȻڸֱԼΪ˽⣬˿̼ĳǹʱǰһĸо
Ǵ￴ģǹأֻ˸оЩ֮⣬ǿر֮Ϸۺ룬۵
ʱͻȻһ⣬̶ʵǰǹٱΪǹͷض޼᲻ݣǹΪ֪ǰܷҵҪ
ҪϷӶʱüѡ
ǹͷض޼᲻ݣȻû⣬ıȻޱȣѰ֮ƻˣֻǹҲסϷҡͷʮֲ˵
ʵܼ򵥣йŴĳǹһǹͷͭ죬ǹľɼΪĳǹڴ֮УΪľɼʹǹײᷢ۵
ܴȥܵķͬʱܹóǹøΪ䡣
Ԫ½ӵеԶԶֻһľɼΪǹ˵ǶԵˣֻԼһ߷ǹܲסֱӱ顣


114 
Ϸ֮۾һǰͼֽһͣڱԼΪͨϷӣⳤǹ֮
Ϸӵ۹⣬ѾԤĶ˵ĳǹֻǶԴ½һε߸
صǣ˲ıִ죬뵽⣬ϷӶʱͲס˷ܣ˵㾿ô뷨ΪҾʹûһ㡣
ЦЦܶ漴ʵǰʲô⣿
Ϸͷ̶˼ڤС죬ü˵ѾҪǹͷȻʲôѶȣǹһʱҲûʲô⡣
£Ϸ漴˵ƾҵһµʱ䣬һҶȻܹ뵽취
֪ҪһѾһһϦ飬Ϸ˵һ֮ʱҲûΣǺϷϸһЩ飬漴뿪
֮ʱ䣬ǸϷӵܣʱ̽ŸԵ뷨
ŵϵһЩȽ˼룬ȻһЩǸϷӼ̶ʱ䣬ϷӱԾԼ˴ߡ
ҲһֵĹΪ޼ɹٹȻͬһ˵һ׷ͨ޼ɹڲǶһЩĹż
ż֮мصǰϷӿ˵ԶȻЩżмصֻһЩϢȴǸϷӼİ
ҲΪˣŽӴԽãϷӱԽĪ⡣
һգһĽҳǵ롣
˵ĿҪĽҳѰһʵĵط¥
ᣬþ¥ȽϺãЩҲԵĽҳڱȽľ¥ǷϴȥƮ¥֮⣬Ҿ¥ҲǲĽҳǽΪֵĵطЩ¥ϷˡһߴŽֵԵһ߽ĵᡣ
꣬Ƿʵʲô뷨û
Ƶ̾˿˵ҲܷһЩõĵضζЩľ¥ռЩطȻʣҪһЩƫƧĵطֻˡ
Ļ룬漴Ц˵⻹ʲôΪѵģȵǷȥ
Ҳû룬һ·ĽҳǵĴҲĽҳĵطΧĵС̯ʽַǷ
˿Ѿվ˷ſڣϸȻ⼫ã˿̻δʮ֣λѾ߳ɣʱ̸Ц洫ͬʱһ˵ζ
Ľҳǵһľ¥ǿҲ֪䲻֮ͷ۵
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ʲôؿᣬԵʵ˵ҪѾ¥⣿
ȻᲹ˵
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ˣΪз⣬ǵľ¥õѡ񡣡ᵭЦ
·Ĺ۲ǰһЩ飬бѾ˾
ȻƽԼҲҵ꣬˼άܵƬ½ԾھΪͨȴʼûܡ
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֪һƤëѾԶԶԪ½ϵľӪģʽ˵Ԫ½ϸûеϵͳľӪģʽ
ҲֻʮֵףûκθϵͳľӪ
뷨ȻѾһķôΪҪͬӪ¥˵ȻҪܿ¥ûͬоĵط
һǡǡǴģпʮϵЩҵ֣СԽֿǷǳࡣ
Щطĵ混ĶͬƷоӪģʽȴǴ˼Ⱥ塣
ЩԪ½ϵȫûʶġ
֮ѡ񽫾¥ȻҪ˸֪Ǿ¥Ĵڡ
ҲһʼʱЩѹԼĳʮģƳֻƳֵϵɫʳȻ㹻˵ʱʱھЩʳ͵ĿڿഫȻûš
ľʮֲ⣬֪ԼǺ⣬Ա㲻˵
ֲᣬֻõͷͬ⣬ʼնĪΣԾľʮִģäĿᡣ
ȻѾ˾ȻҪѡַһ̽ҵһĵطַʵǡþڷ棬֮Ҳ͸һĽֵ
ʵ⵹Ҫͷֻ̨Ϊ⸽󲿷ֵ涼Ѿ˹򣬶µһΪһСǨط˷žۣȴˡ
ǵһϾң۶ûУʹ֧ˡ
˵ƴ֣ǵļ۸ǰطҪõ͵㣬ȻЩ֣Ҳû롣
ֱ᷽֮Ϊοļ۸
ԭʵܼ򵥣⴦֮ȻҪú÷һΡ
޵ʱȻȻⲻ˻ŪһЩʵǲɱġҲΪȴ鷳鷳ģԷ
鷢ʱϷӵУþ¥֮󣬱ŴҴҸŵһͬϵ˾¥
ᵽ֮ʱһȺִţֳЩš
״üͷȺߣѯ
ᵽ˿ЩѾ׽ᵱĹǣ˿̼ȻȻͷݷû˵顣
ʱŭؽ龭˵һ顣
֮ǴǰЩ˶ǷĻԺ˵ԭΪǾ¥޸һ˷Ĺ˿ͣӰǷ⡣
ǰ⼸Ĵ󺺣ЦǰȺԺǰ˵Ƿģ
ŪôĶѾӰǷƹҪ֪ͨһ뿪ȥӰ쵽Ƿ⣬ǿɾͱǲˡΪ׵һ׳󺺣˵
ԣɫһ̶˵ôͷҵ뿴ζҲ


115 Ľҳ¼
Ǵ׳żĮĻɫһ䣬̶ɷ˵Сӣû㣬ҷɲǵġ
Ц׳˵ͬʱһԵѾڷ
һʱ䣬ȻǰЩΪŰ裬Ŀˡ
ԭɲǵֻһͨľ¥䱳˿Ľҳǵ¼ҡĽҳˮڤԼؽ֮⣬Ҫ¼ʵΪۺ
¼ҵĲҵ֮һһЩ϶ЩĴռ
ڵ֪֮бѾǲؽɱһ¼һľѾϵԪ½һζرֻỻ˸Ϊ޼ɵ裬һֱ˲ҲˣңұȰٱ֮׼
˿̼⼸˿Ƿ׶˵棬ɴҲϻһһ˱ʧԭأڳ֮ʱǼҽ
һԿֵΧѰȥʱǼڵķԺûһվŵģ׷׵ڵţǰվŸոʧ˵ᡣ
˵֮㲻Щˣֱȥ
ǰǴ׳ʹ֮ɫתȥ̶ѵشӵվҲû˵κκݻ˷ɿ뿪
Щ˲һЩͨĻԺֵ¸ûжͣǰ飬Ѿ˼ʬ塣
ὫЩȫߣʮֽЩ˸ղűѾӰ쵽˾¥޵Ľȣ˿ܵ˳ͷȻû˷ԣֻ֪ĵϸлЩǵʵᣬһֻ»¼ңҵ¼Ҳưոݡ
һǣ͵ЦЦȰοİɣʶ㲻Ҫǵң¼ĸʱǲġ
Ͻܣ¼֮гһ֮⣬˸Ϊ壬ǵߣʵ֮ǰؽŵҶ¥֮£ȻҲ̫ǡ
Ϊ飬Աһͬû˷Ĵ¥޵ɵĽš
ֻŸոհûãǰѵһٵǼԺȥ
⼸ԺԼ󼸸İףüͷ壬аЩһﻹ浱Ӳɡ
ͬҲǵһʱ䷢ЩˣЩε˵ЩҰˡ
޷һнҡЦ˵
ĻһůǰˣֻҲΪš
ЦЦ˵ԼСĵ㡣
Цŵ˵㣬漴Щȥ
һȥ
̬Ϊţ۵·˱Щƿԭǰһ·˿˵ò֮󣬶ʱѼڵĻ˻ȥȻӿŲˡ
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ԣɫʱһ̶Ц˵СӣˣҽƷ壬ǰ¼ҵˣôҲҪ˵ҪǴȥ¼ҽôĽҳǡ
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ƷͷҲصطԸ˶£ֻҪɡ
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ƷߵǷ˲ԾһɫĻ״ɴһүСģ
ǣĻŸճڣ߱㴫һĶ
ͷһȻط֣ԭվԼԱߵԼүϾȻһӡ
˿ȴͬûһصԭ
ƷЩֱͣǻʹ̼񾭣ʹӦ
סգƷɫüΪĽҴүȻһС䵱˦˶⣬кĿĽҳǡ
˲䣬ƷضᣬЩܻغȫϣɱɱ
Լү˱ŭǼûԥ׷׶֡
״Ŀⲻһ䣬ɿתѾĿ˵үһ̵Ľѵ


116 ŭɱ
¼ʵͣ˽֮ΪɴҲɼ¼ҵĵ̲ϧᣬעֲúá
˽ŰΧǹһĨЦţˡ
˲仯һӰɿˣûʹԸЩ˸˷Ѷ
Ʒûпƶ壬ֻǿһĨȻԼ忪ʼŤѪ磬Ҳڴƺĳַ˵ʹࡣ
ţꡱ˺Щ϶ʱѪѪ꣬Ѫ
һЩΧ߼Ѫȵĳ棬ʱһȻ
ƷɫǱüΪѿǼԺŵֱ£мСѾ̱ڵء
˭Ҳ벻ǿʺº͵꣬һ־ȻѪȡ
ȴûʲô飬ǰѪȳڤЩɱ龰ܱȡ
Ǽû˿֮ģɱ⼸֮վƷǰ翴һһ
ƷǸܵĿеɱ⣬Ŀ¶һĨ־֮ɫѪȵֶΣѾסλ¼ҵү
Ϊ¼ҴүƷҲȫǸõ֮ܣǰһŰӣʵҲǲСѾӵн۷ʵͣĽҳһУȴҲٮٮˡ
ѵ̿ˮƷܵĿдɱ⣬ɴ˸飬Ǵɱ
һɿ־֮ȻƷ˿Ҳ˲æ˵㡭㲻ɱңĽҴүҸĽҼɱҾĽΪС
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ʵԭֻǴԽѵЩˣϾǳէĽҳǻʮ˽⣬ȻҪٲҪ鷳
ոƷȻ⣬һȻı⡣
Ԫ½֮ϣΨһǣҵҲֻһˣǾ˺ġ
Ҫˣ˿ɲΪԼһʱκΣա
һ̣һ⣬ˣûκԤףƷ˫ԲɣѪؿڴĿ
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˵Щ̧ߣﰭۡ
ǼԺ᲻ɱǣʱ⣬ǿĵĿ־壬ææҵؽϼʬ巴̧ߡ
һԵΧ߼ᾹȻĽҵĴүɱˣһʱǲǰ׷׶Զָָ㡣
漴˵ǿǺ¼ҽ³ˡ
νʼ磬˵˭ղŶԲѷȻŹ
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Ȼ˵ȴϲѣȻҲ֪Ը֮ɱЩˣȫΪǰƷ衣
Ƿ¼ҵıҲû̫ϣһᶼġ
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׿֮󣬲ɲȻŭԼĶӾȻһСֱǳơ
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˵ѾˣǰòŵĽҳǵԱûв֮ʵ޷ƣΪǰδ֣ɱүԼӦǸ֡
ÿˣҵ뿴к֣ԸȥɼЩΧҪһˡ׿ѹķŭ˵
׿ΪĽҼͬĽҵһ֣һΪѾﵽ˵ڣҲĽܹĽҳǵǿʱ
֮⣬Ľҳڵ˸Ϊ壬ȴǲ֪ԼѾһصĴ
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Ȼûã㷢ָһЩϢ֪Щ˶ĽģЦѡ
ͬʱͷ˵ȵȥҹ˼˿ɾͲá
Դҹ֮󣬶Խƴӣ±˵ͷ˽ȥ
˴˿ȴ˷ܡ
˵ģ΢΢һЦ˵ˣ֪ǵ˼һһ֣ҲüЩɹ
ԣظ֤磬ģһʧġ
֤ͬ˵š
ЦЦ漴ɫһ࣬˵ˣһԼע⡣
׿ˣһģʮ׳Ʊ뺷Ȼ̬УŨŨɱԿǵʵ
ֻôˣѰ¼δҲ̫дˡ
׿һ۾ͿᣬӺŨŨай˺εĺ⡣
ȴȿˡ
¼ҵˣ
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׿΢ŭЦ˵ܺãеɫֻɱҶӣҪȫ˵
᲻мƲƲ죬˵㻹ʲô֡
׿ŭ𣬶ʱ⸱̬׵ȼһȵ˶ɱˣСԶԸ
ʮӵϣŽΧʱ׿ϱһǿϢס
𣿵ǲϧͶûκáĵ˵š
ͷӲһһ֪ʲô׿һ˵


117 ǿƳ
ųӿЩȴûдκ֡
ȻЩ޹ģȻû˻ģ⣬ҪֻܹǸˡ
ǻûнѾӭȥ˫һһɰȻѾ͸ǿƽŵԳ׿ʵһ֣׿ɫѾˡ
²⣬ھͶ֮ɱԼƷԼʵмֽڣֻ֪áˣѾ̫ȷ
һ˲ƣѾһɲ
ʲôʱĽҳǾȻôһ֣
֪׿еת䣬ʱĶˮ׿ûȫʮ뺷ļѾˣϲûмѪڵҧóǴ˿̲̫ܣҲǣֽȽˣ˭̫ܵġ
׿۾ϴһӣغȵСˣ㾿˭Ϊ¼ԣ֪¼Ե³
̾˿¼ԣĪ⣬ĶģȻɱСģϵĳԸҲ¼ԣ
¼ҸƤúʵúأС޳ܣϵҲǲҪ¼ԣ¼Һ˲ôĪ¼۸һҲԣЦ˵
˿̣׿ȴǲϵز²ţ֪ĸ֣ĵӣó
˼ˣ׿ɫ䣬켴ʵĵӣ
᲻мһûлش׿
ΪĹϵǱʶҲûкøУ֮ǰһȺӣӡ󼫲
ԣ˿׿²
ǣȻ᲻׿ȴʶؽһٶĬϣжʱӵĳ嶯
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Ϊ¼Ҽ׿ĵλȻޱȣɼˣ׿ͬĵôʮ¼Ҳֵסŭ
֪ǰĵӣ˵ɱӣһɱˣ׿ҲǾԲġ
뵽⣬׿ǰһ˵ˣҲмʲôᣬҲ̸̸Σԩ˽ⲻ˽ᣬҶߣûбҪΪһСֳìܣԴҶá
ʵ˸ɴʰʮ׿ѾЩŵˣȻҲһ֣ȴҲǳϾɾ䡣
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ΣվǰǸͨˣֻ´˿û˵ˡûи׿˵ȥĻᣬһݣȻɱ糱ӿֱһӣһĨĹâѾйɫѸֵİΧ
Щмܵ¼ңҲ˵š
׿һ̺ܶ͵ͷɲ¼ҿǵĶԭǴһ֪˵ǰٲֻø졣
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׿Ѷ峿ѾĶС
ˮٺϢĵһӦ𾪡
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һЩõϢ׼ֵСʧһЩ˽ĻĴУȴֻ֪Ǳǰ
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⼸գһпжᵽϷӵЩӵ໥˵꽻
ЩŬϷƾĽķ䣬Ƿ˰˳ɣֻٹ죬ܽȫ۳ˮ
Щ죬ϷѽҪĳǹģߴºãΨһδܽıǹԡ
Щ˵ĽϷѾһ˿뷨ҪǹһԣǱǹϣıǹĹɷ֣ûˡ


118 Σ
¼һƬɽ֮У˻ɽ³궼¼ҵļأѰ˵Ƚǲÿ
˽ǲ¼ΪμʮһεƬЩķ˵ĺɽֻм˲֪ɽûʲôֻ֮Ϊһλס档
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ΪԶɽѴﵽ˵۷壬ԶǹٺͶܱȼġ֮ԶɽƬɽ֮УһֻΪ֮
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޵ļ֮⣬Ľҳû֪¼ҵȻҲ֪¼ϵĵһѾ³ɽ
˴γֵĿֻһΪ׿Ʒ常ӱ
Զɽδչ֮ǰ¼ҼԶɽִ¼ʱһȻڣĻع飬û¼ʲôӦһжôɡ
Ϊһ峤ԶɽȻϺ꣬һԼûеʹŵ׿˵ȻΪı㡣
ʱ䣬Զɽ¼ҵһ̽Ϣǵ֪ǰЩӲؽҶ¥Ȼйء
ͬһҶ¥ǵڵߣ˵ʲô·
ʵڵõĵһϣ֪һΪԶɽĵһͷ׿һΪ
ܹӵ֣˺޹˼ɣԶɽʵ벻
ɺܿ죬Զɽǽ뷨ˣΪ߸ϣһ²Ľҳǵ飬Զɽͬˮ󱳺Ӱӡ
ĵӣ쳣ϼһﲻܲá
ϼһȻҲᶯ˼ôȻܺκιϵ뵽⣬Զɽжʱû֡
Ѿ׿ʬ壬ǰҴԶɽõһ˵ķǱΪҪʤһ
ԶɽҲţ˼ΣȴǲòϣᣬΪȴǱһѺӵϼһ߳١
Զɽ֪ԼᲢûжٰգбѰ˸⡣
˿̲֪¼ҵı仯ҲѾмĿϡ
ҹʮ֣Ϸһ죬ֱţϷӷųɹҵǹһͶȣֲǹķ
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˿ĻˣôˣȻΪԼҹģҲ֪˵ˡ
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Ȼ֮еκһ˶Ȳᣬ֣Щ֣ҪΪ˽֣޷һʱ䱣ˣΧһȺ߸


119 ɢ
ˣ㻹Լ־ܰɣҿԱ֤˼ͬһڣһӰ¶˿ľףһ˫۾â磬Ϸһ˶Ƥִ
ܵϵϢǸղڰ֮һʱȻЦ¼ҵǺôֱʣȻһɳߣ˵С¼ҵ͡
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һߣһüĿƣ͸һϢߣͬ˵ϷˮٺλСѴ˴νɱ¼Сӣʵ˵㣬ϼָ
Ϣ֮ΪǿڳǰһĿɭȻŭ
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ԶɽƺɱԼĳ˼Ϊͣش𣬱һȣ׳ѾŵİΧұâʣĻꡣ
ЩȫеľӢӣΪ͵Ҳнڡ
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ԶɽĻвɴ󾪣˵Լ˶֮ǰڤѪ˫ͷߵѪҺӦòٶΪȴ˶ԷĶơ
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Ȼǿ޷ȫɢϮܵӰҲֻһ롣
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ȻԶɽ˶϶˿ѾûʲôԷ˾裬Ǽ׷ĺ׳ǳ
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ֻĽҳ۸һˣȥʵ棬˽˵Ķţȷµԡ
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ԶɽѾˣҲͲΧǰֻ̣ҪĿĴﵽˣͿԡ
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ԶɽһȣԼҲˣٺͶҲˣ˫ƲںǵĹ£Ʈݣû֪˿ʲô
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ܿ죬ɵӰУͻȻӿľȭףϮ磬ԶɽļȵѾؿڣелӳѾֱĴ̣η˳ȥˣһѪŵ̻
ȭŰ˵޻Ŀˡ
˫һһйᱬ֮ӿɾˣɱ֮䣬ѾŷϵӢż䣬˻ȻûһɢŨŨѪϢ
Զɽ˽ƻ֣ƬҽԼȥ
ԶɽÿҪѪ䴦ʱȴǸֳһɭĿ⡣
ס֣㲻Ļ
ԣһ٣ͷϸһʱеŭȴǲɿƵȼ
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ͫһ΢ǿеŭʵƥһëҪ¼ҼȮ
ԶɽȻһЦޱɭȻ˵뿪˵仰
ҪΣȭͷ˵
Ҫ̷ֿҾɱԶɽɭ˵
˵ţԶɽ΢΢ʱһʹƺߡ


120 ´
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ССӰϤһֱһԵССȻϿȥ͵ƷһκɱȴǼΪͨԡ
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˿̻һֻ֣һ͵ϮԶɽæңСʵ̫Сˡ
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СﱻɵͬʱСС֮³һɫԶɽ
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Զɽ˲æֵĶصֵ⣬ССĶؾʮǿϵʴԶɽ
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ԣʱ˿̣˽벻ʲôð취ֻʱȾ䡣
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˵СˣԶɽһٺ˵ô¿ɾͲô׿Խˡ
ٺԶɽ𾪵ı飬Ц˵ֻ˵ǰʹõ似ѧȴδɵĵط
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ҵ̫ӣΪǰϱݣλǶˡЦ˵
£˵˿Ѿץ罫ǽѶڤŲʮַ׳ǵ
ҲãǾͷˡ
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Ҳ̫ŭһʱ飬϶ʱ¶һĨɱʱˡ
ʲôˣ
Ķһʱ䳯صλ˹


122 һ
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ϼһ֮ǰȻһֱʵϢֻѾҪƽ۷ˡٺ⣬
ϵ˲ԽԽǿĶ飬Ŀһ䣬еƲֻǲ֪ǲпã
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鲻ҵɢһǿҵĹâЩһһĴݻ٣ķɶ꣬˻ҽ
ɢǿ⣬ȴУγһɳɫš
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һԹڶҲЩԾûκα飬ֻǵ˵ȷǲ㻹ҵĶ֡
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δ֮ǰʹ⡶ħ졷߱ѪбΨнĿݲܹħ
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񶡺Ȼվ⣬Ҳ˵ЩЩʹħ졷ĵѾˡ
ȭӰ֣λӰӣͬ棬ɢǿԺӶ֣һﵹЩŵƺ޾
Ŀ΢ÿһζͻᱻȥȥǶȴδͣ£ǿĽ棬˲ԺӶƵ֫顣ͬʱҲע⡣
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ٺ۳һѷâϸ̣ϸ֮ޱȣУ԰ǰ̴ŶĹű͵Ϯٱк
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123 
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Զɽѣ͹ٺǰһᣬ˾ǺޱʹóԼǿɱС
ͬɱдͬķֱᡣ
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˵ɱмϳֵһ˲Ѿɱ飡˵һ˲ҵĳײһ𣬷ͬŭĿХǿһıɢ
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ʮ־ҶͣԻָЩ֮󣬱뿪ѡķĽҳǵլӡ
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Щѵڴ֮ϣû˵ϥɿصϢСǰ飬˿̺ǹɵشһԣһС۾ϵţٲȻǴỤ
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ҪˣȱȰԼãǰٺѺ·ϣͰк˶Բߡ
˼Ǵ棬ǿߵʵɢ㣬ҪԸߣҲѰ顣
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124 鵤
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125 
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ߣӰϸΪŵʬ壬ߡʬ塱ǱˣǱץˡ
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ᵥֳǹڿ趯˼Ȧһǹŷͷһһ볤ǹ֮С
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һԣһתǹʱһϹ⡣
ѿվף
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һžװԺһƬ̷¹ƽڵϣһԵϷѰͲס¶ϲر飬˷ܵؽеȻƾԱĪϼһɽֻǿ´μͷҿǰɪ
˿̻ڵõϲ֮Уûע⵽ϷӵĻ۾ǹӫ⣬漴ӣ˵ղ趯ǹ֮ʱΧйХ㽫ΪΣ
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ȬΪ֣ĴΣһҪܾȳһˡ


126 Ӫ
ĻԺѾ˴󲿷˵ע⣬ڶϵֳ֮󣬹ٺԶɽҲǷֱ˹
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˽䱸Ǵ̿ͶȻڸУѱû䣬Ҫ֪˭¼ҵĵطҰ
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Ժ֮ʱȴûпκӰֻǵŵ߾ʬ壬֤˸ղȷʵ˴򶷡
ɶ񣡵ʲô˸ɵģٺһյƽ͵Ŀɫ΢΢˵
ùٺԭܼ򵥣Ϊŵ߾ʬˮľӣΪͬڽ֮ңһ˸ոͻƵ֮ǹٺصĵӡ
˭֪˿̾Ȼһͬȥ˴ʧΪĹٺλƽ
ֳʱĻ̻̣ЩڼЩӵн֮ΪͬĪ˵ЩΪˡ
ڹٺ֮£˺ܿƽ㻹һ˿ֵҲǰ¶ȴǵĲǵ˵ıУ˵ŭ
ԶᾲؿŹٺ˵ı飬΢΢һĨȻЦ⡣
ոһж֣ڵΪҪϢ֮նɱôˣеǿģŸոյõһоǱ˳¡
ϷӻѼѪǰĴɱ֮УоеݷԼһ֣Լͨ˿ûκĸо
ҽԣʵӲҡȻֻڳ£ʵûǿ
ҪСɣٶԶɽ˵֣һս֮
ֻܿ㽫ĵĳ嶯ǿѹҪĿΪ˾ˣĳֻҪǻĽҳǣлֻġ
ǰ͵ϮɱӣĿıΪңԱһˮ㡣
Զɽһأȴʼ޷ҳλãؿˣ漴һ㳯ĻԺеϲ䴦ɿ챼ȥ
ǰһ·ץ˼ӣѾ˱صλã˿˶ûзӦҹɫϢĵس˹Ѻĵطȥ
Ƭ̣һ·Ѱңҵ˹Ѻ˵ĵط
ĵӲ٣ڰϸ۲£ֳǰ֮ͨ⣬ûڣΨһİ취ֻӲ
ſڰصİᶶ˶еĿʱһȫ߷
ಣһ΢ɲ𣬵ڴǰȴûκһ˷Ӧڴ˿̣ᶯˡ
һӳһԵľǹй˳趯˲仯һ磬˺ѰؽԴãѪԽɢǣһھΧˡ
ᶯ죬ھԴͬһʱ䣬ʩչӰǧιһ۷̶Ѿ󣬿ҲһɨΪڽڵϳأѪ׷׵ڵء
գ۵ĹɱˣҽжѾ
ʣǱͻıһһĹŲ͵ǰһ̤شҸ´ܳ
˿̣ٲȻѪɫֱһһΪǿֱؿڡ
֪ԼûֱѾɱʱʵص¡
һˣûиеκƣڼԼ̵ͬ£ѹ
һ˷Ӧ죬һߺˣһ߸д̿͡
ϧŸոպڣѾһǹ̴ĺ棬ֱ͵һɨݺݵһϡ
ǿһкʬڽӴһ֮ʱ͵ը˿Ѫĭϣʧȥ赲ʧȥֵͬҰǹϷݺݵĲ֮ϣܵ赲ǹ΢΢ȴŸǿֱ˻ȥ
ֻнڵΪﵲסһСŭβ
ֻһ꣡Ӷʱشһǹǽľ׵ֱɢ
һУ᷽ջûжηɿֱӳ˽ȥ
֪ղǻĺȻ˵ע⣬˿Ҳ˲ˣʱѾ˳


127 Ӱ
ѾܿʮӰŽΧ
жǸղĺЩ˹ûκα飬ֻеϵطһ
һԤϵˣ˵Щǰ͵ϮʱǵεκЩѲߵķɢ᷽ܹϢĽȫɱ
ǸղǰڣûκᣬܹǰһѾʮֲˡ
ŽԼΧʮ˿û⣬ЩֻһΪڽ֮ʣµĲһЩߣЩˣῴá
˭Ҵ¼ҵĵطɱ¸ˣѵ¼ҷһССͳŵ
ûпλɱǰģԼôˣѵһ˲ɣ
һ̣ͳΪԼ֪˲صĴۡ
Щ׳յؿǰͳ죬ͻȻ𣬾Щǽ䱸ضᣬٶǿԿġ
ûиͳ˵ĻᣬᾶֱͳǰҲֱһȭؿڴϣͳӦɣ˲ײǽ֮ϣҳһ
һȭֱӽ೹飬ͳֻһʹȻ㳹ûֻٲȻѾ͸ǰΨһֻĵȻ
¼ʲôһҶὫԶɽϹƤĽҳǵĳ֮ϣ
һԵ᲻мɫ΢䣬ټᾹȻƤ³ˣһʱ˾ǳ˹ȥ
мžˣЩ˲ۼԼʮ˰Χסüͷһ漴˵ȻǾ͹ֲˣ
ϣһй˳һΣһ̣ЩֻǰһΧǹӰǷֲ١
Ӱ
ġǡһϵкеİԵķϳǹʹǾˡ
ֻеĳǹĳǹЩͬԭҲ֪ǷӰ쵽ǡ
˿һʹ֪ˣȻʩչЧûеǿ󣬲ȴҲǰӰ轣ʩչ֮ʱø
ķʮ⣬ܹʩչὫɵ
ǹӰƣк˲ǧӰҶķ裬ɫľױǵصˣ˲䣬ʮӰǱһƬǹڸǣֻǴꡱ졣
һ̣ǹӰ֮׷ױһž޴ˣҽд˳
ǹӰɢ֮Χʱ򰲾ԭȻվŵʮ˿Ѿڵϣû
һֱɱʮˣ䶯ֻѸܵˣҲΣ˿ûа˵һۣת˽ȥ
ǸܵǴӵǱߴģǼһﶨȻǣٺ˵
ʲôͻȻеãǼ˻棬˶Ӫǵġ
Ļ˽д󼱣űԭȸٶȣλü
ʱѾ֮УɿѰһһ谵֮С
ΨûмҲ֪ǶȻ档
˼ˣɷ˵ش˳ȥҵͬһ㣬׵Ĵ̴
ţһ͵رһɰԵ˵˲㽫Žһ黨ֱһкգ۱㽫黨顣
ɿ֮Уһ۱㿴ڽ䴦ɴϲغ
Ϥ͵һգǲ˼ؿᣬ˵ᣬôˣ
һ˲䣬뵽ʲôɫͻȻһ䣬ᣬߣΣգʱٻġ
Ѿ˹Լ΢΢һů֪˿̲ǶŮ˽ʱǰǰɿ˵ʱ䲻࣬ǵģǿߣ
˵꣬㿴ڵһһ˿죬漴üʵôôصˣ
Щ˸ɵģԭղǸùͷûǲ죬˴Ҵҹ˵˼䣬뿪ˡû˵һԵѾɿػش
ģʱһ䣬ϼһͼ죬ŭҵš
ֻǣҲΣ۵ˣһֱڱϣ˵㻹𣿴СҴ뿪˭Ҿɱ˭
һĻŮһŮЩæҵĽɿظһ뿪
˵Ķ죬һգ۱뿪˵ϲԺɿ롣
ֻǸյȵǳñԺϢһ˲˹
еĶɫһ䣬漴ɿ˵ߣϺ󡣡
ᣬһߣ֪Զɽ˵ʵ˵ã˿̼ҪЩˣæ
ҡҡͷҼᶨ˵Ҫԣ˵ģҲµģ
Ѿ˾֪޷ȰϾҲǾؼʱ첻ͨŮǰѶϣֻؿᣬһͬʧںҹС
ûˣû˺֮ǣתվڰһ˿Ŀ⡣
ͬһʱ䣬ٺԼԶɽѾǰԶǷɿ߸ĵӡ
Զɽڿһ˲䣬£漴Դ𾪵غᣡ㾹Ȼû£
趯еһЦ˵û֮ǰô£
ٺͶڿʱ𾪲ѣôҲ벻Ӧ˵ᣬΪβʱûµһվǰѵǰûˣ
˲öĲ²⣬ٺкһţ˵ÿСӣϴѣ˵ʲôҲҪ£
ֻЦһĿıΪʱ䣬ߵøԶûдЩӲƴףֻûаٷְٵİܹľ֮УͬʱӦ֡
ֻһ£ƾšӰľỹְղԼ˵ġ
ˣһ͵һӣеһԴԴϵӿ룬ǹϵݷһҪľʵ
һΧĿǲĶһ̣пǷӿǹ֮ϣγһŰɫ״š
۳Զɽɫһ䣬漴˲Զ٣һ֣ҪСˣ


128 ׶
ԶɽĻЦһںҹлһĨ⣬ûκ׵ֱӴĶ顣
֣еŭѵԸӵĵزһ漴ӭȥ
һɳصѹ˵飬Ĺٺɫסһ䣬СӵƾȻȫָˣʵǱǰҪǿϲֹһ㡣
Զɽԣɫأ첻д󣬳˵һ֣Ϊ죬뿪ձͷ֮
ٺͬףҲ˵˲㳯˹ȥ
һ̣ΧѾ˱仯ٺԶɽͶ߲˶ڳֽΧУΧһĵʱ׼֡
һеκһǸ߸ϵĴڣ˵ȥѾֱĲؽ֮⣬Ľҳǵľףһ˶ȥЩˣȴһӵȻⲢǵģֶܹԸ
ȻΧĵѾ죬ǿ֮⣬ʲôֵܹסֵּл
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ѪȾսɱ¾Ѿ޿ɱ⡣
ȻӳǹһΪֱָ֣һĨѤϹ⣬ҹ֮ϣ˶̻ը
׶죡
ǡѧϵķΪԵģ⡶ǡһΪ㣬˵վ磬Ͷ֮䶼ϵ羪֮ơ
Ҫ߾һܹﵽģΪȻֻͣڵ֮屾ǿߣۺĻ⾪ʲô¡
׶Ǿ֮һǿɱУ˿ʩչƻ㼯ơ
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һͷ𣬰е˲ԼǿɱУͬʽͬɫĹâ漴
һ̣˺ޱļԼǿɱУգ۱ᡣ
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Ƕġħ졷еǿ似
п裡
ˮķһϵһϵעص﹵ͨһϵߣձҪϵߡ
ֻԵģ˵Ļٺˮ಻Ľҳ̾˶ܹ
ȻٺΪеڵʵͨǰ㣬ľԿΪá
пһԭƽĿУǳһҵĲһ˲ıѩ۶ɵĵ˲ΧٵıڰͬĵͬλðѤ֮Уȴ޵ɱ
ı֮УһԵĺлӴıУһ㵭ĺɫӫ⣬Ϲűеķţʱһ󡰆ꡱı졣
ĽԵüΪͻأȴûκβЭУԭҹͬ㷱ǵıУ˿̾ͬһҫۡ
ܹһģڳֻ¼ҵһԶɽ
¼ߣúġǡͬһ¼ġסһŲķȴǻ޷ȵġǡ
⡶סһϵһݻ֧Ȼǿչ鲻ͳ
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Ŀֱӣкη壬ֵɱȷʵǿǰһν֮ʱָǿҲ֮顣
Щܷ׶һûһɫǹ˺һɫǣҹеͬһϵľ
ǰƾϵĺޣһΣһţһɫ׵³һŵûκμŵ׵ڷǺ֮ǰѾΪһ壬Աɽѵصǿգ۱޵֮С
ĵӰӥһ㡣ĸڿնǿط󣬼ýϽӣѾƷҶһķ衣
˵ĹͷϹ֮Ѫɱзͬйײĺ
һ̣ԭӦĽҳַǷѾ߷׷׸Ӧߵս
Щ˵Ϊ޷ǰȣڸܵ˽ľ𵴣ֻǿеĺ棬ԶԶĵطż۲ۣʲô˽֣ǿ壬Ҳȥ
ǻ
಻ûʣΪԲĵĸܵ˽ս·棬ѱĿȫǣ֮Ŀꡣ
޺;ǾһѪȵɱ󣬷ŷ˿
ȥϵĹâܿ¶˹ٺ˵ӰǱߵ״һǻûľһХֱɲǼûӰ
ٺ˴˿Ѿ޷ڸĵľ֮飬ղǰӣּǿĹԭžԵܹɱ
ԴҲ뵽ᾹȻһ֮˵Ĺ
ϵģղŵĽսϽǱǰԵˣȻֻһЩƤˣȥȴЩǱ
ᣬһǹȻ·̬Ȼ磬ŹٺɫмߵλǲԸˡ
ᣬ⣬ҽһУ㻹Ϊܹӳ𣿡ɫɭޱȵغȵ
ԣЦ˵̫Լˣƾǵ΢ҲҪ˵ýеҪѪҵǺ뿴ߵѪͳǷʲôͬĵط
޳ѿ֮ձϷѵһⲻ֪ߵغСӣ
Զɽһ˵ʮĬһ֣˹һ籼װĹ
Χסᣬٺȴǰһơգۼ䣬ʮˮĵӣϢʧΧ
ϧǣȻ˵ɣߵ֮ʱǲκδ⣬ǰȻϳ˿Ҳһʼῴıˣ˿Ѿ˾ҪԸɾûǰǰˡ
ȫޱߵչսȼĿǰõ֣ΪҪֲεĽУͻơ
һ˵ͻһֽסջѾת̬ᣬһ


129 һ
ɢһֺɫĹâս߷ӿ˼㣬һݷܵе֮飬ǷһͬХ
ԣ˲ٴսһţɱƽĿ˿ȴúǿ񶯣˵Χʱ
ϼһҲԳʲô֪ܣᳰ˵
ĹٺĿøΪɭжȴûκԥ˵ƤǵʵҪࡣ
Żһ䣬Ѿڿһһ㣬һһû֮䣬һǿк
ٺ˲ߣһӿ֪±ȥ
ϧԭȻм϶Ȼ˿̱˴Ϊʱ˴֮˽ĵǲûֵֵŶԺˣɱС
ϧһô룬ʲô⣬ͬʱ룬ȴǴ
νһԴͬʱ˿ȻʧȥȻϱ˴˲ãʼδ֮£޷ֵ
飡һײ죬֮ʵɢţܵˣһ˺ü
Դ֮壬ǿĹƣȴҲ岽ͣ¡
ٺȥӦñȼԴ֮ĶҪ㣬ȴֻĲһǱ׽
жʱϺ꿴صú
ΪߵԶɽֻ˵Ҫϲ١
ҪСһ֮ĶԾһϸڱжϳõϢĻΪ֮ǿУ
־һˣΧԼµӹɫÿ£ͬʱа˽ƻޱȣȻ֮ʱ˼֣Ҫǿɲô׵顣
˾û뵽ԼͬǰթһѷѾ룬ԭ΢ĺϵ߽⡣
ҲǸ֮ܵղԣ΢΢һ˼йؼͷһЦ͵һԾѹֵ˼ĸѹͻȻһǹ״ֱֱĴˣ
ޱߵ˲ȫٺͬʱֱֵΪҪκһ˶Ҫ߳٣ټ֮ĲԶ׼ġ
˸ΪȻ滹Ǻ޼䣬ʵȴò룬ܹͬ飬Ӧỹ޷
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ƽ˵Ļֻ̱ᱻ˵ЦϿ
ϧ˾Ǹܵɱ˿޷Ц
ᣬɱˣǲӲġٺɫһ䣬ȵ
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ڤڣȻϲҪĵϴûκι˵ȥɵӶţοǾ˹Ĺٺ
ȫ䣬ôĽҳǱң뿴ģᵱ潫˻ɱڴˣȻע⡣
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ΣȻĵͷɱ޼ɹٹǿѾزôԼݡ
ع⣬İǲ±˷еܡ
ٺԼ𣬲û嵽ᣬӼеɱһ
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ϧ˶һ˭Ҳ׿ڣĶıĹٺЩԾȻͲµһһ˿һߵѹȣһװ°Ц˵Сӣ㲻ıѵЩͬİΣ𣿡
ش𣬹ٺӹһ⣬˵ֻ´˿ЩͬѾˮС
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һʼʮעЩ˵Ķǰȷʵʮǿʹ᲻òȫĵӦ
˭֪ת۵Ĺ򣬾Ȼ顣
еİΣؿ۹ٺк޲ýʬΣ˿ȴֻη
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ϼһշһٻ֮ʱʧʱ򣡡
һ仰ӰѾʧ˵֮С
һɢٺ˾ǳ˿Ǵ˿ȴûҪ׷ȥǱ˴˶һۣǴпԵ𾪺͵ǡ
ΪǰĸƣѾʹñ˴֮ĺ߽⣬˿ǲԸ˵תһͬ뿪
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Ǵ˿Щ£ǰչֳȷʵѾвǡǱȫ׼Եֵı
ҲΪвʹ˴˻ܹǿάһϵ
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ǰ뿪֮ʱѾ˴˵ûϵĵطԶԶĳûκԥĺХ˵ĶĤһ
гžžž᱾ٶȵһޣĦǿƿ֮
裬ľ洹ֱĲ񷣬ȴ䡣
壬ħսбһ֧ХȺӰȥ
ȺӰǷ˹ٺǰˣ˿춯ʶĻͷһ
ֻһ㺮âӹ
һݸӰѾǹϮУ֮£ѪȾ죬Ӻɫ£䣬ֺȻɱѾ˶𺳵
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һɱЩҲֻһߣǽΪֵֶȻ壬ʮôܹκε
Щʹ׵ĸ⣬һɱȻ£ÿһһ
Զĺڽֻǿһ鸡ӰȺתһȦѪ
ԭޱȵȺˮӣʱڵϣĲˡ


130 ʥ
ڽЩˮ֮һȦȷûκ˸֮صϷӵС
ʱѾŵһ棬Ϸվǰüͷ۲˵ơ
СǵôһԵʵ
˿̻֮УǰѾڵƣֱеĻҪء
ʻӢͦĽüƬ̣˵ȻֹֻۣһʱĵɻָСֽŽȫϣڰ֧飬ʧȥ谭ⱩߣܵϮڼʱ˻ǡ
£˵ȻǱסˣǡ޷ˣ
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һʧǵӣĴΪۣο˵ģһ취κС񡣡
𣿡ץһһץסĸ첲һϣؿ
Լֻʣ͵ܵˣܱܵԼΨһϣ񼴱֤Ǻͷ죬Ҫˡ
ʮ˽⣬񲻹ǸӣԸ֪Լֻ»ʹĵ
ʲô취Ϸӷ˺üΣʧ
ϷӵĻ˵صˣܹһѾˣҪ׻ָֻʥصѩӻܹ쵽
ʥأԪ½ôõ֪һ޼ɹԼʥصʵҪϲ١
˶һʶǾʥȻһ㣬λȴ޼ɹԼ£Ƶš
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ʥֻ֮ǿ򣬵ȴû˸ڴʥص⡣һʥصʮأ֪ڵĲˡ
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һʱܹڶʥأ˭ҲԸȥ
ΪҪǣ޼ɹǺʥؽãŵǿӦֻҪɵӶȥʥأ½ϣûĸԿܹס޼ɹŭ
Щ˹֪飬ʵлһΪ֪ԭϷӲ֪ǲΨǱڵ΢֪һЩֻû˵ѡ
ȻҲʥصĴͬҲǵҪʥسҽǼǲܵ顣
ıֻᣬȻʮֵı֣Ѿ֪нῴܵĴڣĻһϣ
ϣĿ⣬΢̾ȴҲ޷ܾȻ֪ϣСǵͷӦ
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ܿ죬㷢ִ˷ӿ˲ˣ漴ЦҲãڴ˽һ򾡣Ҳʡһȥҡ


132 ڰ׻
գ۵ĹΧѾΧȺӰ׵ĳǰ
̧һһһߣԴһ֪˵ݡ
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134 ħ졷ǿ̬
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ǵȵһɢҵɷӰʱɫʱޱȡ
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Сӣ˵ʹӿһĨأ黺һȭͷԼؿڣֻԭͭƤȴ𽥵رЩ԰
ЦһȭͷһȻֱ֮ϣҲǷϲ԰׵ɫ
ٴ̤棬˴εٶȣ֮ǰԱøѸݣ͵ٶȣķѹĵ˲ѿ
ɫƽظǹӭĿͷѹ΢΢һ࣬˶ȭͷ͵ľŶб˳ȥ
żڵһǹȰƵ˶̺ǿص侱׵֮ϡ
ǹͷڶϣȴǴһôʯ졣
üͷ΢壬ջԼٶȣȭȻ˲ÿһεĹȫͬһص㣬ʱҹУһƬʯô졣
ƾܴҵķҽЯҵľصĶ˦߶Ц
˫΢붡ĽһӴ̺ǿʱõ͵ĵ
⡶ħ졷ȻЩŵС㡣ڰһȽص棬˦˦Щƣо̾
СӣľɣıϵĻҳЦ
˫ȭؿڻ̯˫һͷϵķ˿Ȼֱ΢Щڵͫм
һںɫ壬³ڴ˿̣ƺ֣ţȻı׳ʵࡣ
ֱ֮ϣ԰׵ļⲻϵĹĶţһɹ͵¼ۡ
ˣСӣ
ܵ籡һ죬ɭɭݿȥ͸һȻ
ʵȻĶ飬΢΢أ֮Уۡ
ڵ˲֮󣬱ǽ۷״̬һ̤ٶȣȻƽ
ǰһЦĶֶ˶ȭͷѹȰķݺݵĶԴŭҶ
ͷϴ;õɫ΢΢һ䣬֮УȻɵķαˡ
ܣżеᣬЦһŲһ磬Ȼ׷΢Ȼһͷرһ㣬գۼ䣬ٴγǰ
ɣЦһȭͷٴζԴŭҶ¡
Ŷ޿ɶ㣬üͷ壬ڵĶͬѸתȻݺݵĶӭȥ
أ
Ƶ죬ҹը졣˽Ӵĵϣ޴ɵķ粨Ĺһ㡣
ᾹȻѡԼӲͫһỊ̃ڶȫ˳žתȻ
ߡ޴õɫ΢΢һףһ͵͵ƺߴӺдŲĵļٺˡ
û𣿡ƺһСˣ鲻ЩĵҲֻνѡ
̶ٴδſ񱩵ѪĳȥۼԷĹͬ籩׺ݣ˫һæܡ
һʮûмᱻԼڽڰˣ¶һĨ̿Цݡ
ԭΪʤȯյĶ飬׼һʱܵһĨӹ̶һǿϣֻһͣ٣㾶ֱûؿڡ
۲صͷһԼؿ֮ϾȻһ͹ĳǹϵⳤǹȻһֱеı
ֻǣ׵ǣΪαԼýڽڰ˵ᣬһеġ
һ˿ãͲʣͬްȻ
һƬžֻЩ


135 
˽սľ޴ƻʹΧһƬǽ壬֮Ŀꡣ
žգûã㱻һϢơ
ǣһŵ棬һǲͷϵϸ󶡺ʩչԶԶΪȽ⣬ټ޷׵ɱ顣
һǹģǰʮʽǹȻԪ½ϵȣϵ似ͬСƣΪˣŴ߸óʹøּɱˡ
Ԫ½һ־ѵڵϸȫܵ飬ҲճԪ½ϵ似עصνõ£һЩϸڡ
Ԫ½϶һĽӴһ㣬ǰҪһЩѧĸںϵ֮С
Ȼ֮ʮ֮󣬵һЩǹͨģǹղһʩչģþǶһ䲻
ԭΪᴦһ·ܸûл֮ھʱ̼ûзɾ裬Ҳ󲻳·֣ΪһãὫҪܵĽǶԼС
յĽȴǶ鵹ˣȻúúõģһǻǹٶֺֿݣļӳ֣ƻԶԶ
˳䲻־мǿƻ似Ϊǿߣ˿Եֵ
ǿߣڲ֪£ûбУȻҲתΪ
ⴴһ似Ȼϲѣֻǹʺһ似֮ϣ룬ɴཫһ似¸µƣΪβ
ʰ飬عûǴ˿Լδ˫һ̧ɨܣΧԶվһȺδлָڤڵӡ
ĿⴥЩ˵ʱڤڵһɵعܿ죬Ⱥбӿһɧ
Щӿ֪Լλϵ˭̶֪Ƭ̵ĹȥβЩӸж֡
˿ּĿɨһʱ¶֣һЩСѾȥ
һ̣Ⱥ֪˭ͷʱҴĵǰͺ̵תܡ˲䣬һȺͬͷӬһ㣬ĴҴܡ
֪ˣ𣿡ḧе
ϧһҲܡ
˵꣬һչһѾȺ֮СһĥѾ˺ܴı仯ȻԸûиı䣬Ⱥ˿޷вڤڵӣʲôù˼ɡ
ǼǵʮץһˣʹˣҲֵļһЩ˲롣
ȴҲͬǿܹĵˣĽɱ
һǰУԪ½˳ܼ֮󣬸Ǳ
ǰһȺûзĵˣ˿û֮飬ÿ˶ҪΪԼ鸶ۣЩҪĴۣ
һչ޿ƥекһХһɼƷ羢Ȼ
Яõøڤڵͷһݣӣֲڸܵľ֮ʱڵһţμˡ
䣡
ƿնص֮ϡʱм䣬ǹĲ˵֮ϡ
һЩΪܵڤڵӣǱľӷ׷ױɳȥһԡ
ոնһڤڵӣĿѹǹͫ΢ǰոտǻɱߡ
ڤڵ֮ʣͷȻһԤ׵ſ
꣡ոſ͵ľǴͷϺݺӹһԵĴ֮ϣʱѷӣſ죬ϡ
ǰϵشϵڤһҪƻǵҪ
ͷһţڤڵӾ̧ͷȴǼһЦӡ
ܵúܿӶ΢΢һЦڵͫУɱ⣬õӻһ
ʧڤڣ΢ƲгϢǹȻŭ£ʱһҽУ쳹ɽ֡
ĮĽѪȥһ۽µʬ壬ͷ촽һĨѪӣչڤڣ
ɱ飬ֵӣҴĵӽǲϴţżֵĶɨһۣǿ־ģź׷һ㡣
֪˶ãһڱһξ̧֮ͷŲԶĹϸֳϲֻҪĵطĽҳǵ֮ʱ򣬻㲻پˡ
Ȼһǰ壬ڤڵ΢΢Ծ𣬽֮Ϻݺһ̤ʱζŲԶĹȥ
ߵĹʹڤڵϵĿϲԽԽŨȻһ̣ϲȴȻ̣ķ֣һͻأֵ;ǿнԼǰֹһеһصѹȸС
ӹһĨڤڵӻһӰǴǰӶǿƷ羢Яװ죬ص֮ϡ
أ
Ƶ죬õͫȻ֮Ȼİȥ
޴ڰյ壬ص˵棬䣬Ѫ࣬
ͫͷϿվǰӰڤͫ𽥵ķסƬ֮Ϣ
ĮĿϢŵĵӣ΢΢ƣ૵һֻǸոտʼѣһӲˡ
Ӱһʧ˺ҹ֮УžĺҹֻĿĽԼһɢʬ壬żһ֪޺ʹԵΪ͹졣
ĽҳѾ˯ڤڵܲشΪƫԶǺղŵһ춯صĴսԼ֮ɱ¾ûκεע⡣
˿̣ҲΨ¸ԺԶɽ͹ٺڵ֪Ҵȥ֮Щǡ
ԭڵ֪ڤٸϻصϢǴһǰȥֵĴ˵û֣û͵Ϯ
ȴǲ֪Ϊһ˿ɣǰǲսĶ飬˿ѾΪһˡ
ʱɳĵӾʧش֮Уиǻҵش󺰵ڤڡڤ
ٺȻ֮ɫĵӣϴΪãͷȷʵĪһæǰĵӣʵô£ҿ˵
ڤڡڤˣصʬ壬ԼڤڵӶˣ
ٺɫһЩʧķſӣһŵɫԶɽɫǺòȥ
һ̣һӴҴ˽ǵûзִ֮еĳգʮֽ˵ˡ


136 ڶĿ
¹֮£˿̵¸ԺȴǵƻͨһԶԸ߶Ƚ䱸صѲΧ
վһ֮ϣбɣҧű̵ĲݸһɵĿɬζ
վϣ֦ڻպܹǰıԺ
üͷǷΪܵӪأᲢδ̲ȡжǰĵȴõʱ
˿̣Ĵ֮ϣٺµ
⵽˲˵͵ϮѾʮӱɱһٸϻȥԷ⡣
ʲô˸ɵģûУٺѹŭ⣬Դ˻Ƶʵ
ǵһŵػشŵ˵ұˮҲûзǵ˵Ӱӡ
أ
һ죬ٺĵ񻨵ľѾѿ
֪ͨһȥٺɿ´
ǵ뿪֮Զɽſ˵֣ö룬Ϯˮ˶Ȼᣬ˿ȥĹơ
ٺԣɴŭһ˵ΣѵˮΪһڤ𣿡
⡭
Զɽһʱ޷ʵһ׵ķһͬǰˮ֣̽ˮ󣬾Ҳ޷ǲ
ǣԶɽȴҲԼĹǣһͬٺ뿪ô¸֮бĵ֣ʱƻ¸¸ˣ
ΪһǣԶɽ޷鿪ٺȻҲһ㣬ûп
Ȼ֪Ǹ壬ˮѪڣǶȻ޷Ӳڤڵǰ֮ٺ˿̿νļ٣ûκζææһٵظϻˮһ̣ˮ⵽ڤһ³
ԼϢᣬڿٺһȺ˴Ҵȥ֮ǲ¶һĨпЦݡ
ʵʱˮûκϮղֻǳſյץסһˮӽɱȻ·αװ˵ӻѱ
ɴ˿ڤڱϢ¸֮УǼαװˮӣûвף㼱Ҵҵǰȥٺٺƽı㣬һȻûôƭǸոյõڤڵϢһʱҵҲ׵رŪ˹ȥ
ǱʶҲ뾡ϻˮ󣬱Ͼ򣬼ղŵϢǼٵģһ͵ϮˮڵԶԿᡣ
һ㣬ڤڱ֮Ѿ軳ɡ
ٺ˿̸ȥʧȥԮ¸ᷢʲô飬¸ˣҲˮ޹ء
ˮ󣬹ٺΪ죬Ҳ޷ˮ˺Ϊﵽ֮
ȵٺһˮӴҴ뿪֮ὫߵĲݸµһԣԵЩǹǹһ⣬̼񾭡
ڶɱ¾ʼˣ
ʱڹٺ뿪֮󣬴УԶɽ˫Ŀ΢գ˼״
֪˶ãԶɽͻȻڻһӣ˵ȥˮ̽ʧзִݶ̻ͬʱõ˼ǿѰҳĲ֮
ǵӹӦ¡
ͻȻĴ֮УȻʱ˵һϮ룬һ˫Ŀ⣬ƳŸ̨ɫȻԶɽ
֮кȻֵӰȻ佫ԶɽĿ˹ȥԸȻ֮ӣԶɽ΢ɫȴǱüѿ
ᣡôĵӣȻԼѰ·ĿƳ·ᣬԶɽü
㲻׼ҳҵ䣬Ϊ㣬ⲻԳǰˣԴϷʵƮԶɽĶ
ɿݵƻ̽䣬΢΢񱩵ţɢĹâӡ΢Щ졣
ԶɽĶ·ᣬϵ΢ЩԵŤ΢΢鴤ţһӣʱΧķ͵ı˿ʮȫװ¼ǿߣɱڵĳΧС
ԴϷΪִ¼ô㻹ǵһǰŵˡԶɽɭȻĵ
΢΢̧ͷԶɽƺܹǳĿ⣬رǵĻﴫ֮зɱ⣬̽סĻȻð
ȻŵıǮ㣬ֻǻˣЩûĺݻˣ¼顣̺ЩЦĻʱŭԶɽ
ããСӡе
ҧгݵһ䣬һǿϢ͵Զɽ֮ڱʢۺͼ䡣ʱΣϢѹ֮£Ȼѡ
ϼһǰȻʵֻϺ꣬һһƻܵǻѹơӹһĨ
ԼϼɱӣΧЩ¼ǿߣҲǽ׹ĵᣬ籡ʱ׼һӵϣⲻ֪ߵغļһ￳һࡣ
ϣɱ
Զɽĺ£ΧЩ¼ǿߣһȣߣѸбݺݵĶȥ
վԭأᲢδκζľٶʮѷ֮ʱһ͵͵ڱӿ֮
ͣ
ʮѱעĳڽӴĻ֮󣬽գʱ䣬Ȼһ𾪵ĿУ͵鿪
漴ŷʱùļһڶ£Ǳ壬£ֻһ΢죬¼ǿߣһҽжδɶײһԵǽ֮ϣ¡
¼ǿߵĲ״֮ڣʱһƬĵ󲻶ϸ¼ҵӣһĻһĿ⣬˲䶢վϣվŲͻ˼ߣ˶ͷƤһ顣
ٶҲ¼ҾҪĽҳǳˡ
ϣһչ˶ʱʧȥĿꡣ
ԣõԶɽͫȻ״СȰٶȣҲʹԶɽͷһɺ⡣
ȻзԶɽҲǳǿߣӿɫһغɫ棬壬ȫİУͬʱצ΢Щָףӥצһ㣬ݺݵץࡣ
ǺץĸɿƣЦһȭͷգЯһ׺ƥؾ֮ϣʱһ죬Զɽ͵һףҲǱǹ׺ľֱӻ˳ȥ֮һ߰˲Żֹס
һغϣĽҳڳѾõǿߣȻǱĲӬһ㣬ĻˣһĻõôڵĿɿڴ
˵ǰĳ֣Ѿ֪ʵȻȴȻûвµȻǵһز۷ĸ֣ȻǱһƻˣǺֲֿʵ


137 ս
ôܣŶ̶̼죬СӵΪôǿ˼֣Զɽа˫ǰᡣ
ô㱾𣿡Դ٬˵
ԭԶɽɫ˲üΪ
Ÿոտʼѡ
ϣԶɽŷֱ۴Ũҵᡣ
ǱԶɽһȣ͵ڰչתȻһȰӰӣԶɽ
˽֮ʱƣӡ˶Է֮ϣʱԶɽɫֲ԰ףߵķһ㣬ˡ
Զɽ壬еһƬҶǱļˣ;ΣڽӴԶɽʱǱǹɰľȻѡ
˫Ųڵ˰ԶɽŻͣס΢Щ԰׵ϣһĨŵ𾪡
Ҳ㱾£Ȼˣһ̰ɣĻƮԶɽĶ֮С
ԶɽֻߴһХٶ˲ȵӰһʱҲ޷ֱ
Ȼ޷壬ΣԶɽǱܵҪܿٶѾԶԶԽ
һ˲ԶɽֻؿһϢԼĲǱʲôﹿסҪſȴǷκ
һĻʱô֮еľҵȻǱסӵԶɽ¶ǲһĭ̶̼˲Ϣʱ䣬һֱηϼĽҳʵĵһ־Ȼһ׵ĴܣʵõôڵˣּΪʵĸо
ԶɽǿץסԼӰᣬһ˲䣬ǿܸ߳ӿͷһ̣Զɽŭ¼μݣĽҳ˸Ҷ
ȴһϷˣһԼôǰԶɽؿڼҪը
һ˲ԶɽʱֻҪɱһУѾ˲ˡ
Ȼҵĳ鶯ƻݺݵš
ƹֶϣ
ֻǣϵĲֱۣԶɽġ
ûзԶɽĴֱۺǹһһѷصУû˿谭شԶɽֱ۸˹ȥʱһֱ۴ĮǼ¡Ϊ̼صһ޵غ̺֮ϡ
ֱ۵ĸûѪʶһƬڵغۼȻ˲䣬̺س¶ȣѾЩѪܣȫսȥ
ͻضϱ֮ʹõԶɽȻŤһ𡣿ȥΪֲ̺εʹҽи߿شõôееӣзһɺ⡣
Ŀɨϵǽضϱۣһĭɫ΢Щסգʱ䣬һ۷ĸ־ȻرһзϡõʵЩ紦ξ
Ŷϱ֮Զɽ岻ϵزšʹͫУһĨԹ¼ҵӣɱ쵰
Զɽص͵ΧЩ¼ӵܣһۣȻΪ־壬ǰԶɽ֮£Ҳֻҧ׹ŭŶɱ
ûЩ˹¼ҼӵܣȻֻǵĮԶɽЩڳɱһ׷Χ¼ӵܣһ֮һɰɫĳֲӶҵֺֿݵЩ޷¼ҵϡ
ǲʱ䣬֮ڣƾնʮʬ壬ʱգٶȱð࣬һɱ⣬ڴУõҳ
ǺԤױǱɱʮīӵܣҴĵӽһĹʽԼǺֶΣõʵЩ𾪡
һֳɱ˽ʮʬһ¼ӵܣǾŵļæˣԶɽ˻ҲĲٽĹΧ
ڣǽʱˣᵭĮ˵
Զɽԣһ̶һЦӣֱ͵һһ͵İ÷飬¶ڿеֱϡһСһ㣬ϵĹĶţֻƣҲǺȻرࡣԭָףҲǱǰ磬ɫޱȡ
ɱңҲù
ֱ֮ڣӿϵ֮ɫƬֱۣ֮ȻǱͨһȥһŻһ㡣
Σƴˣ
ֱ۱üΪͨԶɽ¼֮Ϊĺĸ߲㣬ɵʧ
Զɽһ¼ҵġסһѪʱڵǿɱС
ǷŲֱۣȼվѪ֤һʹôΣȻԵõʹ֮ǵͬڽԼĵһɶ
˵ʵһͬھ似˿ԶɽۼԼǻˣǴһѡ
ȥɣԹĶᣬԶɽƺݺ̨֮һ̤ϥ΢䣬һڵһ㣬ֱֱײᡣ
ڳ֮䣬ԶɽԵЩ޴ڵϣָȻؽӲĵذ壬˺ѳع֡
Ϊ˲ǿĹУ᲻ֻ÷ſԶɽ˶ܡ
۾ͨ죬ҲѪ˿Զɽ΢û뵽Ѿס˵Զɽ˿̾Ȼܱǿ
˾̫ȻձܿղһԶɽȴǽĸ᲻Ҵ⣬æɿصǰ
Сȥɣ
Զɽŭͫƺݺһ̤棬屩ͷ޴ƣݺݵĻӻ£ƻӶǣȻɿֲľУҵò˴̶֮
֮Ӳĵذ壬Ͽǿֲѹ֮£ʼ˴ѡ
ӦͷϷǱϮľͬһʱ̻ӳ
ǹָڰнײ£ඣ̵
еĵֻģӰϽ֯һ𣬸ɴ۾ϸעţû˸ĶԾѾ΢ʵԲˣŵЩʬõ֤
أ
ȻֹһӰѸȥӦ˵Ǳɶ
һ˲Ӱڴ֮УһɫһƬĮΧ˵ĸо˸߲ʡ
ˣӣޱʹ֮ɫԶɽֱۻϣһѪһŨҵѷɶ˲Ϣ֮һ㣬͵ı
ӹգԶɽκλᣬֱ֮ϡ
ԶɽУµ¼ҵֻһ˻Ĳҽһа׹ɢ֮һбֹƽ
˼æȥֻԭȻɱڵԼҼ˿ȴѾûϢֻһѪģʬ塣
޵ĵ̺ϣ𽥱ѪȾ죬ڣһļž


138 ƿ
ԶɽûзŹ֮Ϸˣ¼ҼЩ˻Ϊǰ
ѱºЩ˲ʲô뷨Ͼ֮ǰ¼ҲĽҳͷĴ塣
Զɽ¼֮вһЩʾѵĵӣЩǼ߼ʮʱ䣬˭ܱ֤֮ǷһԶɽǳԶɽǿߣδûпܡ
նݲ紵ʮԾǰЩ˴˿Сͬһ㣬ȴ˿ûκ
һʱ䣬¸Ժһ˼ĴǱӵӰͲϵѪеʬ塣
ҪҪɱңʲô֪
һ¼ҵӵڵϣɲĵŲţ˿ֵǰɱᣬϵذš
ۣûӵİǹ䣬һߣ˲һѪ
һ鴤̶ŭһʵصȥ
һ
һҹɱ¾Ѿ¸֮г⣬κλŵϢ
ڤں¼ңһҹϵȴûκƣС
̧ͷŽɫһմѪ˦ɣ̶̤뿪¼ҡ
뿪¼֮ᲢûصϷӵУǳ෴ķȥ
Ŀĵرһңˮ
εж֮ǰѾϷ֪һЩԭֻҪڣȴû뵽ϷӱԤ֪ûࡣ
һһ֪ᣬǽһ
Ϸӵ鱨Ѿ˳ڤں¼ңҵĺ˵ѾС
Щ֮㣬ҲЩССϺƲʲô
ΨһȽģֻʣµһˮ
ϷӵĻ˵ˮ󾡹ܺڤصûбϿô򵥡
صǳסڴ˵Ϸ޴ӵ֪
ϷͬᣬˮǱصЩ͸ˮʵǿıǹٺɡ
͹ٺȽֵᣬ⻰֮󣬱Ҳ
ǹٺǵڵߣôȻ̫⣬ϾԶɽĵ۷಻Ķ֣ο
˵ǸоЩ֣֮ǰںԶɽ˵һνʱӦʮֳ
Ҳһν֮ʶ֮ƺһЩĶڵڶν֮ʱʶ
ڵõ֮һ˿ģͷԽ
һĸı䣬᷽ŲƺԼ˸̵֪һںͶ齻֮󣬸ӿԿ϶
ΪĪļǿȻϲѣȴЩŪеĹؼԭ򣬲Ҳûпȥ룬Ҵҵظе¼ҡ
Զɽֵʱ򣬷ų׷֣ԼΪƺߵòֹһ㡣
Ҫ֪Զɽô˵Ҳǵ۷ߣֻһܳΪĽǿߡʵﶼǲСģԸȷʵ֮ǰԸӵɡ
˵Զɽǰ˿ûʤ㡣
ڻԶɽ̶ַ֣֮ԼΪò˲١
ȻΪڵֻ˵ĿԽǿ
ͬһƵԽԽ࣬ΪȻҲ漴ͨ˲ͬĲڡ
ҪΪǳ£ϵĿ̿
һδɵĽֻ轫ڽӵĹձֱܹӵõ֮еĲƸ
ʵһһ˵ǣڵӵų޷ӴǷȱıǶԾ⡣
һҪͨʵսĥܹ򣬴Ӷõ
һ˵ѭѭһһϦۣΪﵽһ̶ȣͨһЩ򣬴Ӷһεľ硣
᲻һԪ½֮󣬱ֱӸ֮ϣֱ־磬һӱӵ֮Ϊֻһʼðˡ
ĳ֣Լ˽⣬ͨһʱ䣬ԼΪ죬һ־ĸսУܹõһ롣
һʼãǰ漸ǿӲ˵֮Ҫٴͻûôˡ
ǡʱǶ飬Զɽ˵ʵڵ֮ϣĸֽսķ
ֻҪ֮һЩԶԶ
ǿ֮ӵԵľصǿ߶һ;ԶԶһˣֻ֮ʱǿߡ
޷һ磬ôӵǿֻԶͣڵ֮
ΨһǣȻǿߵĶ֣֮£˻Ķ֡
⻰ȻǾԣȴʮ˵
᲻һЩͨһҹսףֻҪһЩʵµĶֽսΪ
һΪϼĿԽԣ˿Щ׹Ϊôգ˷׷ļޡ
ƿУֻеԼӴ֮󣬷ܹ⡣
óһ֮Խᶨǰˮľģ㲻Ϊ˱ǰ֮𣬾ͶΪﵽڵĹٺ㹻ˡ
˿̣ٲȻǹٺԼĥʯƺǷܹںˮ֮ԼΪٴξ
ɫʱ಻ǲŲæڽֵǰš
ʱĽֵԣѾϡϡɵسһЩӰЩ˴඼һЩ̰ڵͨˣǿ£ѪζŨ֮ʱЩµض㵽ԶԶġ
ǿлһѳɭȻĹĮӣʹЩ˲ҽӽҷһ䡣
һЩҪǰ·ˣڸܵϴıϢ֮ʱǷ׷׶ܣƵС
Щ˵Ŀ˿û⣬ǾֱŽȥ
һֱıӰʧȺ֮УԵ·˷ŷ׷׵
ǸʲôˣղɢϢȻֿҪϢĸоѵĸ֣
ʲôֻ֣ǸװļһѣҲʮͷ̥֮пʼȥ
ͷҿǼˮĸ˵ǵڵĴ֣ƺ͸ղŵ˱νر𡣡
٣һӻ˼ңҲʲôƣҪǶЩͲӻˡ
֪СͷҲԡ
֪Լ¶Ϣô۷׷ס
ʵҲܹȻѾϢһҹɱ¾ҲЩһ˿ôƽڴ˿޵ɢһĵϢ


139 һˮ
ˮĽҳΪǿ֮һһĲϴУѾõɣĽҳۣ֮ΪΪԵʣ£ǰˮǳ׵ƿĽҳǡ
ȻؽţڤڣԼ¼ҽǻУˮĽҳǵ֮ĵһˡ
ˮھĽҳ⣬Ľҳǽмʮ·̣֮䣬
Ҫһ㣬ˮλҲŰ·̡
Ϊԭʹˮܹûбʷḽ́
Ѿڤں¼ңĽҳĵ˱ֻʣˮˣȴûмҴҵĸ·ǲ̤Ųӣ߾ͷֱɽȥ
ͨĴ·֮ϣỺߣصĳǹԵüΪעĿ·Уżĳ֮ϣͶһĿ⣬ЩĿ⣬ȴǻδţŲ᲻ء
һһӡԵӰȴ͸˲Ŀشѡ
ⷬĶУᣬ֮ڸճ֮ʱΪɱ¾Եʣ˿˿ϢǴõΧ·˲ԶԣǹɷɲЩͨ·˿Եֿġ
һ·ڣϢѾһ˿˿ֽٴοȥ˱֮⣬Ѿκ쳣֮
ͻ˵ƽ̫߿֮ʱͣ˽Ųվһб֮ϣ߾ͷӴɽţŴ֮ɫʼԣ΢΢̧ͷǰģȻӵ߾ͷʯ̨ףһȥ֮ͨݡ
Ĭ˰ΣеŲ̤ǽʵʵʪĹʯ֮ϣһ̣ʽִˮ
ţ¼ҵһ̣ˮȻѾ֪һУ㶼ˮҲĽҳ˳á
ǹٺɵӣȻ֪¼֮һֵıˮֻ̤ˮƿطΧһ̣ٺѾ׼ӭ˰ɣ
֮ԽˮΪһĿ꣬Լ뷨
֮ǰϷǧҪСˮܹϿɵţһ㣬ˮٺЩٺһֱȻΪͬڵڣԶԶڶҶ¥ˡ
ϷȴôΪ˿̶߻ʱ
ܹõϿɣΪһٺֳǰ㡣Щָ֤Ļ֮ˣϴˣ̫ġ
Ҳǣٺûκ֮ķۡ
ڤҲǽ뿴ˮһҶľ棬ϵ
İĬڤǿǾ޿Ľҳǵġ
ʯ׾ͷƣ֮Ǿ޴Ĺ㳡㳡ȫһɫľʯ̾ͶɣԵùӴڹ㳡λã޴ʯΡȻ
ӹ㳡ʱ棬վУЩˣɰԲ֮Ͷվһģȫɫ۷֮һˮӰݵ
Щ˽ˮӣ̧һѾȻЩʮ˽Ž֮Ϊикü˵Ϊﵽ֮
ǰЩӣѾڤں¼ҿȵģֻһȴõ鱨֮С
ˮ֮ϷӹȻûƭҡа
ţЩӦñˮʵһʼٺ㽫ЩóڤںͲؽŸ޷ڴˡ
벻Ϊ˶Ըٺɷѿġ
תһ룬΢΢һĨߣٺ֮Բϧ¶ˮʵǰǳԼΪ
˼ˣʱոһĨظƽ
߽ڹ㳡λôȴһЩʵ̨ʯǼһƽţЩȻӱϿ˿ɫ֮һ㣬ɷδûа㶯ۣȴõ֪Щߣ򵥣
㳡֮ϣнˣΧŵĽǧͨӣƺƴȻ㳡Уȴѻȸ˷Х֮⣬ûа
ż䣬һҵķι㳡ʱ֮ڣƮƲʽһ㣬㾰һȥЩġ
վЩǰĿ⻺ɨǰĹ㳡ɫ΢Щأĸ֪ȻܹһЩԲϸڣĸӦУ㳡ϵؽǧˮӺȻȫһ£˴Ϣǣƣ֮κһܵ籩һ಻Ѹ͹㳡֮ϣǧˣһһ㣬ּ䣬ǧֻ֣¾ǿߣҲҪݱܷâ
ǱϿɵˮ󣬹Ȼͬ졣̾һ᲻ò̾ҪЩӼϵ̵Ĭǵжѣ
Ĺ㳡ʱҲУȻ
֮ϣ޴̫壬ů⣬£ɽ
Уеˮӣʯ̨״᲻صؽŲǴﴫ
Ŀϲޱھ޴㳡ɨͣʯ̨֮ͬĿͶĹٺϡ
ŲᣬȻ£ǰΨеͳĽŲڰĹ㳡ƮƮ
漴̧ͷһĨǣ˵ܸôֱʣΪ˻ӭһС䣬Ȼó˴̣֮Ľҳǵһ
վߴʯϵĹٺĻһ˿֮ɫ
ỰеǱ̨ڳЦΪ˶ԸһͨˣȻˮҪǴ˳ȥֻˮһǧɡ
ٺ֮٣յգۼе۷Զɽֻһ˶޷Ըᡣ
ڻ֣ҲֻеڣڵĸּԶɽ۷ĸֶ֣޷κεᡣ
ʵ͵ߣĶ֡
ˣŲϧ¶갵ԵƣΪıǽɱ
ᣬΪԶɽĿһУˮɲڤڣˣǾͰ°ɣ
ô˺սǰϹֶҵĶ֣ѵΪƾЩ˾ͿסңḧеһȻ˵
кε֮⣬һš
ĻǰǽĿһ˿ЩӶˮľӢ֮ǰٺΪ˲¶ˮʵЩ
Щӽǲ֪֮ǰ飬˴ʱⷬнһ㶡
ǵĸʲôʵЩȻȻ֪˵Ϲ˭ǸΪȻֶ˵ĵ֣ʵǳϡ
һ˲䣬нڰԲ²


140 ǿԮ
ŵһɵЩĿ⣬ٺɫʱЩ
ֶԸһС䣬Ͳһʵ飬Ҫǣ־ȻʧˣһùٺΪܡ
ˣ˵ʱڳ֮⣬ˮڴ˶һ㡣
˿̱˵ٺɫЩҲס
սȭͷͷŭĹٺĶųϽǧˮӴȵˮ󣡡
쳹㳡ˮһ㶣΢һº󣬱ӦȣĿƬ֮һɫЩˮͷ֮͸
ȻǲΪιٺҪʩչˮǿػ󣬵ʹûκγɣ׷׶
ԴԴϵɫն󼸺գһۿȥƺһ㣬ǹٺǴƺġ
λϣһ֮Χٺٶȵ
Źٺ£ʯ̨λ۳϶ʱվһԾѸٷֿȻɢ㳡ԣӡͬʱᶯӡĶյƺҲȻƺλãۣƬ֮󣬾Ȼڹٺǰ̳һƬ
ȣ
ƣٺһĨɫ͵һӣˮһĻ㾶ֱûٺڡ
˫һĨ⣬һ̣ܹܵٺڵϢǻû֮ʱǱ
۷壡˵ԣϢǰԶɽҪǿϲ٣ù󷨣ǹٺ𣿡
һĨɫűڣٺʱһžž졣
ᣬһ˶ˮȷʵɼΣôúˮζɣٺΪʵǵԭ򣬷ƽ
ƺ˿ڹٺ׸һ㡣
ڰлһ⣬˫ֱŰеĹٺЦֻǽǿѣѵ㻹浱Լǿ߲ɣ
㲻ڳʿ֮죬һ֪ʲôٺ˵
䣬ٺȻӶһҫ۵ɫƾէ̶֣Яſֲ˸رݺᡣ
ǱӴͷ΢ЩԶԶһܷͨӵң⹥ٶȣҲǸѡ
ͬͨĵߣǿߵܣٺĹѸ֮ƣȴӲ۾˫ԽԽȻӳ
һǿ͸ǹХһŭľмϢ
أ
ľ죬֮ը쿪һײˣըһ޿ӡ
սǱ˺ü
ûκͣЪٺһӣ޴ٶ۶磬ֲľΧؿޡ
ɣ
ϸһĨȻٺ˫ȻһơӴٶȴХʵѹȷᱩȥ
۾ضǲͫзŴɫ΢Ը֮ܵеѹȸС
ûԼô򵥡¹ٺʵȴѾвİΣ
ֻ΢΢Щأȴûκξ֮ɫԭȻΪٺһչֳϣžԵİջ
סת
ڣ
źһ˼ɿռؾ޴Ȼǰ沼ϸСƽ棬չҫ£һ̶ɵؾһ㡣
䣡
غڹ֮ϣӴƥʱϸСƽ潫ɢȥɢ֮󣬹ȻĿ꣬ȴȻֱΧеɢȥ󣬷һѻƬ䡣
ɹס˹ٺѵһȴûκηɣʱĶֲֻйٺһˣ൱ˮעڹٺϡ
仰˵ǰֻйٺһˣҪԵȴǳнӵȫںϡ
һа٣ֻһЩΪͨߣ˵ѡ
ϧۣټǱ˽ʮ꣬ʮĬˮӵʵȫӵΪ۵ĹٺϣֲսԼʵģҲǲд
һϵ似ôܣһôͬʱֲͬϵķٺڿʩչǹƾ֮ȻҲסˡ
Ϊǰύ֣ʱ󲿷ֶʩչſ񱩵似˿ͻȻʩչһϵ似βùٺеȡ
ûʲôܵģֻ̫ªŶѡ
ϵᣬٺ漴عΪܹͬʱֲͬϵķֻҪһһʵѾҪˡ
ٶȴֱгһɫһǰһ
ӴҲӿһĨأռ䣬ޱȵɿ֡
˼ͬһʱ֣˲ҵײһ
أ
׺ݺ֮ϣĻӳ޴죬Ȼڳ̧ͷȻǼ˲Ǵ򱬵Ŀֲ򣬸ƴһͱһǹˣ
ֻǣǵȻƬ̣㷢β˷˲һѵˣٺ
ѿվף
˲仯ӰӰӳɲǼһǿƾճ֣ٷеΧһââںϣ±ͬ׵һٺ
ٺҲûϵԼʮһƣ
ؿڴһʹٺӦˣһѪȾ½
ܣٺЩĿԼ˵壬ܻĺ
ûʲôܵģİܾѶ
ٺԣɫޱȣȻܹ˴Լ˵һС
֪ȥԼذɣٺһ˿̶Ŀһһٴӭᡣ
þҽųĨɱɣ
һ˲Ӱڰ֮вͣؽеֵǣǹٺһ֮󣬺ƲӲƴʱ䡣
в⣬ʵ벻ٺһٶĿĺڣѵк֣
ͷո漴оһ˿ԾĿʱһ䣬׵ڰйһת˲̾ʮ֮⡣
ովλã˿ȴǶһӰ
̧һӰһֻԼճˣӶԷɢĵϢͷһθеһԵѹȸС
ͬʱͻˣˡ
ϲɱ֮


141 
ӰѾش˵Ķ֮С
Ӱ͵һ˵֮У̺һǿѹú޷ᣬѪסһ󷭹ϸһɲȻĺĿʱȻޱȵؽǰˡ
Ӱһֵİ׵ĳˮĹ㳡֮ϣȿֺĽĿͶǰɫ֮С
ŰɢԭģӰ֡Ӱ΢΢һΧΧİɲǼ䣬ɢܣӰǺޱسĿע¡
һ۵꣬һͷƮݵĳ޷Զ˼Ӣͦ
üͷ΢Ŀ⻺ΧȺɨЩĿˮӣЩ
Ŀ֮ʱбһĿ⡣
ʲôˣΪ޹ʴˮ󣿡
Ļٴ𣬸ߣоԼͬ˶һ㣬ָоʮֲֻ治ɫδΪǿѹ˿ľ¡
Ǻˣ
幫ӣû뵽Ȼͷǰĳл̿֡ԭĹٺڿ֮ϲ¶һĨϲ⡣
ٺĻҲ˲˵ݺͼ
û뵽ٺȻľȱͫ͵һ
ı⣬ĽӴ֮Լޣڵʵֻǰݶ޷Ըֹ꣬ݵΪ֪ﵽʲôĳ̶ȡ
ʱ̣ᱩ¶ԼݣȻǲǵġ
Ȼ֪ˮıȴû뵽֮죬ԭ뷨ǴֶΣѸ
ֻҪһ֪˱㲻ڣ飬ֻҲҵͷϡ
ҲΪһУҹǰĵ̵ԭ֮ǰڤں¼Ѿ˳ԭΪˮȻҲ
˭Ҳ뵽ɹʱ򣬰·ȴɱҧ
ΪԮѸ٣ȻѾʱˡ
壬ˣشҵ⣬˭Ϊδˮ󣿡
˿ѾϸеһǿΣȻΪ֮ǰʱʮǿƣһжǽӵžĻϡ
ǰļһȻΪٺǿòֹһ㣬²⣬ĪѾﵽ֮
Ŀ΢΢ɨΧвɰп࣬ĿʼϣֻһκܵͷӮ籩׷
ȻӲˣֻڴɫޱϲһĮӣ˵ֻһͨ˶ѣΪδˮһӦϹ
ȻĻشʮֲֻüͷ΢΢һ壬̶ĿתĹٺ
ǹٺɫһаŭѣͬЩ췢鶨ȥ
֮࣬ٺֻӲͷƤЩԵ˵һ飬ȻйٺɽԼĴ˵赭д˵ͬͱˣɱĶһ㡣
ٺĻڶУǲһЦ಻͡
ˮһ֮ѣΣֻҲı䲻˵Ŀġ
Ȼ˹ٺĻȻЩɣĽҳǸ˽⣬Ȼеè塣
֪ûȥʣת˫ֻᣬ˵ؽ֮£Ҷ¥⣬ֻ˵๼Σ㶼ɱڤں¼ҵĵӣִˮҼʱϵֻ½ˮ첻⡣
ҪΪԼµĴ󸶳ֻۣһ޸֮ͨˣֻǰѾЩˣҲΪκδ󣡡
䵭΢΢Щ죬󣬱ǲˮ飬ֻǸո֮УյĽԮźţµߣǱӧ˹
һ㷢ԣˮȻ˽ģػˮġ
֮ʱ㷢ѾȥǹٺһѪ߰ߣȻ˲ơ
һȻǰѲ˸ϵܹһ֮ˮ󣬱֤ʵһ㡣
ϸ΢Ĺ۲죬巢ͱС࣬ϵϢȴǲ仹δﵽֻ֮䲻Զ
뵽⣬ǰҲһ˿Ȥ˵᣿˵ȷʵֻǣǾԵĴڣдȣɱָ˵ȥкڣ
£ǹһĨŵ΢Ц˵ϧһΪ֮ףԸΪŵӣ֮ǰһҿɼ̣ҵݣ˻ɷġ
幫ӣ⡭ƺװɣɱӢӡ
δ˵꣬ٺ㱻Ŀݺһɨʱٹ
徹Ȼн᲻Щ죬漴иеһЦ޼ɹٹݶԸ˿ΪŵӣӦ
ʱδȴͻȻˣû뵽Ȼ壬㲻Ķ֣취뿪
ʶЩʶʵ
оЩƮ죬˿ȴǺɿ˵ֻ˵ţĴӣݵʦ֣ȻΪݣ֮⣬һ֮Уǿ
⡭ѵǿߣЩȻʵ
У֮⣬˴ﵽ֮£˵Ȼ岻ǿߣǰﵽ۷壬Һݽ֮ʱʦȻδ̤ȴѾ֮ıԵֻٸһʱ䣬Ȼܹɹ
ȻΪ˵ҲĶ֣֮ǰԶɽҲǵ۷壬һҵЩ
ȴǺشԶɽʣ۷Ѿʮǿģûдͨ߰ˣȻͬǵ۷壬ȻĶ֡
岻ͬոҲовϢ֤Ѿֻ̤ȻֻǰֻţȴԶͨȵģ֣һ
ĻʱĬ˵ѣȻ˵Ȼûдֻǣ²뿪ûκηŹͷ
ϸ˼Ƭ̣᷽˿˵ǸҲͬ飬֪Ϊɲ⣬ȻһҪˮôҶ£նֻһ
δ˵꣬Ų΢΢һ˵֮ʣ׼棬͵һ壬˲ӳ˼ʮ⡣
ܾ룬Щ죬ܣлһĨ⣬Ҳκζαʧԭء
Ȼˣֺαؼߣҿ㻹°ɣ


142 ǿ
ܾ룬Щ죬ܣлһĨ⣬Ҳκζαʧԭء
Ȼˣֺαؼߣҿ㻹°ɣ
䣬ӰͻȻǰֻһ棬㽫ȥ׷ס
д󺧣ӿ϶˵ǧ˲ʩչӰʱͬȰ㣬ڰ֮仯˼ιͼ˦
ûõģǧȷʵ̫ˣ
Ʈ˹һ͵һû뵽岻һ۱㿴Ķ·ߣǿڵ
ʵܹʩչ似һ㲢ϡ棬ϾǺ޼ɹǿڡ
ΪĴӣļʶȻѰ֮ˣȻܹ
ܵ󲻶ϿϢᲢδͷżһ㣬ڽŵ׸֣Ӽ䣬գۼ䣬ڹ㳡룬˵Ĺٺ˿վ
ԭ޷˳ѣжʱı⣬Ǵ㱣ˮôұ˹ٺֻҪٺ嶨Ȼ
뷨ʮ֮ãֻ̫͹ʵ
ߣøƻļһҪЮңʵ쿪
Ƽץסٺ֮ʱһľѾݺɨ
ͷһţ֪μƻʧܣǿץסٺֻľʹش
ֻ֮࣬ܺݺһҧץסٺͷæٶȣһԶ㿪ɱ½ǻ˹ȥݺݵһԵĵ档
أһ죬汻ľҳһƣһۣʱЩ亹
иǰңղŻüʱ㿪һҪǰԼϣֻ²ҲҪˡ
һлû׷ɿ˾룬ڳϣ̧ͷĿպ彻֯һĿӣЩĪζС
˵ȻһֱײΪȷʵʮǿǲԸ潻档
񣬱޿ɱܣĳһЩȵս⣬սȻûǰ񣬿ǿߣȻоսȣ
Ȼսɱ⣬Ǳ㳹׵ķһɣһ૵
ͬʱҲ˵ġ
ԣ̾˿˵ȻӲҲֻˣʱ䣬һᾡ㡣мǲսлᣬ뿪
ӦĿʼս壬
ǲˣãǱһ㣬ϣ㲻ʧ
ĿעӼ䣬ȻڣЩͳҲͬư㣬һԵζ
ûнӻȻһ飬бָ棬ѹȾ
ƳһһĨ죬صıǵһμǹ˺ѿѹ죬иǺ档
һʱ䣬᲻ɵøӺһЩ
ͷתţȴδɲ֣ԵЩʵ˫ƻ̽ʱʱչγһơ
Ҫ˵㣬Ҹᣬȹ˲צײȻǰһãξ籩£ڵ¼ϸСĲۣƳһۣĵ
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ʵȻ練ƣαQʼֻһԷ˵ĳӶѡٺĿĶųеᣬǰ㱻߻ɱһνСزοȻޱԸ⿴촦ĳ
ֻ˵⻰ʱٺȴǣһΪǳӵ˴ܣʲô
Ȼȳ֣ȻҲûʲôӦӵеľֻҪܹסСóĵֶΣҲһ˿ԥ
㳡֮УһɼΪƣ廰֮󣬱Ȼڱ֮ǿԶսһˮӣźΧѵĸо
һӿǳƣƺҲڴ˿ٶǴһһ㣬ָڹ΢΢䣬Ǳŷ綹졣
ɹ컡ȵצǰ˺Ѷʱһ󲨶һֵպۼצ֮Ѹ
Ȼ˲δԣȻܹͷŵǹɰԵиܵеǿѹȸС
ǸܵɰԵƵѹȣֻȴ˿ȥᣬѸپ˲ŨľӿȻǵǹʱõƵࡣ
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籼ںˮȻʵۻƣ᳤һֱһ۶ڴ˿һ㣬ϵ죬бָ棬ϣε磬ɲǼѿ
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ͣ
ƿһĨɫ磬Яÿռ䶼Ϊ֮׺磬ݺݵĶǰ̶ֱֹǹɾ֮ǿǹµĿǱ𣬵ͳڵصıը㣬ƶ
ǿҵľѹʹƤ֮ϣȻӣȴǲδ׺̶ֱݣ۾ԽӽӽԴֻа߾ʱŲĶһ
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143 
ĶצȴǼΪ׼ǣǹ֮ϣʱһǿӿĵú˳ľ룬պǽԭҪɲת乥ƵĴ
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144 ʱ
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һЩǿȴײðأԭֻǴ½󳬼֮һ
ֻ˽ˣ֪ͨĽ֮УֲĴڡ
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Χ˲·ˮ֮⣬ʣ޵ʳ
ʱ˻һĿ⼤
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˱ٴα³֮Уãһ㵭Ľ棬ԶԶȥȴôĳףΧľɫ
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СӵúݣʱȻܱǿа
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ȻһЩҵϣھԵǰһжûõģֻڴѣ
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ɫſޱȵ̬Ȼᡣ
ֻһ˲䣬ѾɫУܵһԽ˺Ŀֲ
ѵҪ𣿡ͽȻһͷ


145 е
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֪ԼȥȻֲã嵱ҪŹȻҲ±㿪˵һΣ֮ʱ಻ȡǣ
ϣһӰʧ֮УԶȥıӰЦ˵ǸȤļһȻ˴ԲѣҵҪһ棬Ҫβȡ


146 Σ
ǰЩƾɵ˿ȴһƬ᳤˿ȷû˸֮󣬷˽ȥ
һݣһ߻ȵ㾶ֱĻУʱů㣬һɵӭ
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ҪѯʣȻڲʱ
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еӤʵĿɰСǼǺģЩȡ
񱳣˵ⲻǻ𣿷İɣûµġ
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ǼͷϵǱצץ˵ģȻЩأΪӴ֧ţԭӦ˵ֻС죬Ѿָ˲ˣֻҪսӰж
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ԣɫһ죬̶ݺݵذһᣬһڣ˵˻û֪ߡ
ʲôûҲûҪǾͷӴǣȻȥһٹϷԣɵЦ˵
ЩܲסĵЦΪʵ̫˿ȴҲԸ뿪ߣֻߺ㵽ᱳһЩۼ
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ǰߵЩֵǵݣҲ뿪ˮ֮˳ȥһ¸Ժȡ˻
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̹һ׷£֮ҲͽһĨԹĨתĽ̵ᣬϣܹԼݼϣ֤Ĵڡ


147 սⰻȻ
УһľıԺЩһԵʯ֮ϣ۾ؿǰǿ˿ûκγطĴ
һӹҶһꡱ졣
֪ʲôʱһӰϢس屳
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Ļ˵꣬һӰѾƮɵǰ˿ģǺ£üϡżƣȴԵñ࣬ҲҪСꡣ
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˲Ǳˣһ֮УʵΪǿص׼δ֮λݡ
ۣϸشǰ겻ݣһŵۣݰףüȻЩƣȴǰĴֿ֮˶һĸо
ʵһӵģֻںվһȻԵЩֿ
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ԣǵһЦ˵ֻΪ֤ʦ֪뷨ǶôĴ󣬽˶ѡ
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ޣǶû˼ҪͷӱţҵԸ˰֣ң˼䡣£˵ͷӿûϢ÷ֵҵصĿʮָм㰡
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뵽⣬ǲкһ뿪СԺ
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˾֪ǣո˵̸ȴһ㲻Ĵһ˵Ķ֮С
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ʱĽҳǣϷӵУĽ֮¶һĨ𾪵ı飬˫ǲԼһС
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148 ֻʣ
ŲЩص߳䣬ղźԽ֮󣬺߱˳˯֮УΪֻеʶ˯֮󣬲޶ȵĽġ
ᣬһֱֹĳ˯ڲְֻܼҵʱ䣬ʱڻδҵİ취ô᳹ʧƬ½֮ϡ
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ʱ˵˵̲̣˯֮ǰᵽԪ½֮ϣһΪħصطһ϶յš
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149 Լ
˸Ŀ⣬ϷͬӲһĺӣЩɻʵŶʲô飬˵ġ
ģǰǸңΪһЩԭĽҳǣｨһ̻ᡣỺ˵
Ϸӷģôͣһô˵Ŀģûط˷ۣϷ˵СӣȻͷϣҼ̻᣿
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Ϸ⻰ҲüͷϷ˵ȷʵʵĿǰֻ̻ǸտǣܴϷӣôӦ
ȻϷӻеľܾ˼ʮԣȴгһŵ˵ɣڰڣܹ̻ĽҳǣչܱߵļΣ
ꣿСӣ󻰿ɲô˵ģ㿪ͨС꣬ǿϷЦЦ˵
һ֪ϷӻѾأаϲȴ˵ôǴΣ̻ܹĽҳǵ̻ᣬôͼ롣
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˱ãЩϸڵ飬ҲǺУֻܿˡ˵ͷ˵
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ǹĽҳǸ˴뱲ӣνǳԭָָ㣬ʮֲ
ϾǹҲ˵ʲôֻţֻ˵˼ҪĽĵط֮ʱǹǰһжʱֻȻʵĸо
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ܿ죬ǹеĲתһĵָ㡣
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һԵҲǼʶʮֹ㷺Ļи͸һĨ֮ɫ
УƺܵĴʲô鵽ƺ׻⡣Լһ׶صļ⡣
ҲЩԻ󣬵ʲôΪ֪ô֪顣
ֻǣһŮӣһŮӣô׷ˡֻǽССɻУţջһ죬ὫЩġ


150 Եķչ
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ֻҪͨ˶һԣϲռˣһЩǮƵȨӵ첻ף˵Ĺԡ
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ŵͷ죬ζȣȻӵλţ漴ѡҹ˿ͣƷ
һʼ˶Ϊθأʳ˵˿Ϳд֮ЩûгζĿжʱһǿҵĺ档
Ҷ֪ʲôĲȾȻ⼸˴似ԵҲƷȻ֪ζҪøӾζ
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ϼѣǴ˵оԵʹˣȻһӻµļȣβ˵
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תһ룬ϷӵҲûüһչͷѸ͵̻ʲôףЩʮˣֻ̻кôûл
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ǰһЩӪѾһƻ
ļƻĽҳǵĶ費ͬķֵꡣ
ʽ赣ģͷݶ಻ʤΪ۵Ȼֻ۵ģȴҲǧöϾҡ
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ɾķֵƻҵչ֮ʱȴһЩ鷳
ԭǸոս˷ҼνƲѡ
ģҼԭΪԼ˸ˣԭ¼ҵķռΪУȴû뵽ǾԵͻֻһµʱ䣬зʧһ롣
ȻȻҼΪҲ˴Ե⣬֪Ե󲻹Ǽޱ˸ã㶯˼


151 ԩ·խ
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ԣ̫Сϻһеģš
һԵǱĵؿۻףڻԵԸΪܡ
Ϊ¼Һڤڵˮɽԭѹڵµűô˻ᣬ׷ðչԼ
ڵңԼ׺ڵĻҺңЩӵļųΪµס
ʵҵʵǿ٣ֻԹҼǴɹʶͬˡ˴ڣȻЩΪſԶԸġ
˺ܿ˷ĴſڣЩķü΢΢
漴Ŀܿת˶棬˿УһȥܼļӰ
νϤˣֵӦֻڷģȴǻǰľԵ
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Ҳûм׷ȥǺݺݵĵ˻һۣ漴㳯ǾԵȥ
׼ЩջǼæϣԱߺȰ
λˣǳǸλѾˣλҪòͣҪԵƬ̡
һ̤ԵСӭ漴Ц͵
һûλãüͷһԵĻ׼״ǰغƾ¥ôͷԸҪȣ֪ǵݣʱһ
СҲգЦ˵ӣǷǳǸԸҲƼˣȷʵûжλãͷĿͷϢһλãСľ֪ͨ㣬Σ
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СŻװԵŵԭŵЦʧ̶һĮ̬ȣ˵Ǹˣλˣ¥ѾҪòֻܵͣСȻ㰲š
ЦĹūţµĽ򱾹ӽҾ¥ŭȵ
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152 
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˰ԵһŬ΢΢ʵظҵشϢţȻƴѹеŭ⡣
һԵҲһͬˣ裬Ȼ޹⡣
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⻰һ£ʱеЩϢղΪ̫ŭʵˡ
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ˣ˿ӵĻɫʱһһףҪ˵䳡滰κһʵʵĿ֮󣬱Ҳͷ
ΧʳͿһĻнЩɻ
Եļ۸Ҫϲ٣ܹò͵ʳȻĽҳһЩ΢ͷ
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˵ݻһĵӣǵϵӵܡ
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ǰӳȥĻףѾЩʶˡ
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𵥸ڤҪǿϲ٣Ҳõȥ
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Ψһǣû뵽ż˱Ȼݡ
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ͷЩҵĵӣһǾֹţ̬Ȱ
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153 
ҵׯ԰λĽҳǵıĽҳǱԵ̼ҵ˵ҡԼңĽҳǱߡ
֮ǰԼؽŻ֮ʱڱͳҲʮ΢ġڤڡ¼ԼؽѲ棬ȻҲûܹڱĵλˣһţѾ쵽Ȼ֮ܵһЩƾҵ֣Ҳ²ٵ̡
Ƿõӡ
ʱׯ԰һԺ֮УҾڵ֮ϣһµĻر²࣬һŭģ
ĸ֮ұĿ˼Ƭ̣ȻɫƽǲŭģɸԼһԵһ˿ѹ
Ȼڼбܳ谮Ϊ峤ĸƽ۰֮ʱǶʮϸ񡣿˵첻µز£Ψµıǰҡ
˿̼⸱ģЩ΢΢ԭŭ˲תһģ
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һǾԵѷһɶ˵ǸСʧҵķȻЩʣֵóأ漴ü˵
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ᲢҸŮһԻ֪Ҳں
¼죬׷֪ھԵҵĵϵӵھԵ飬Щ˶ڵӦ
һȥƺѽǣҲûвȡκξپٶԼԵĵӣǡ
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ܹҽεʲô̶ȣֻܰߵȼжҲ˵ΪԽߵҽߣȻԽǿ
Ȼи似Ҳʮֹؼá
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˵ֻʣʱ䣬Ѿһ£֮ǰҵķҪԶʧ½֮ϡ
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ˣϷżȻб㣬Ϊ˸飬׷ʵ᾿ôһ£ܲŵغ˵˵
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ŶΪʲô
ʵɵٰ֯ģĿıΪ浤ѡθ˲ţԳʵʵϷӵؽ͵
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154 صĵ
һ֪Ȼ࣬ǵ飬δ
ϷƺѾϰ⸱֪ӣǱĵ˵κϽԳһ񣬶ɵԱһⶼҩʦҽߣ˵½һȽĴڡ
Ϸӵһϸͣ˽ⵤ򾿾һĴڡ
˵ĳڵԭһ־ͬϵҩʦԼ߹ͬԹֺͬ̽ˮ׼
ǧķչǵһҲδ뵽ǵһССľµĴĥȴǷչΪԪ½һĴڡ
ڵдӲȱһЩҩֺҽʥ֣ǴĻҲͺһŵͬ
ˣǧȴ˸ĴڣµۻӰԽǿ󣬵ǳΪͨصĴڡ
ʥһ㣬Ȼûʲô̫ǿװȴ˹ͬƾٵʥأǱʥøϲ١
ԭܼ򵥣ֻ½ضֲŴӵ߳ĵӣЩӵκһطᱶܻӭ
׳ջֶ治УֻΪܹһӽԼ
Щƽ￴ƺʲôģսǵǱǣһȫֲڴ½صĵӱ׷Ӧ䱳ȻһͬԸ㡣
һϵڣ򷽲ܹǧһϣʥ޷ġ
ҴԵʥȻͬΪߵʥأ˴֮ĹϵȴǽΪ֣ѣǾһ㡣
˵ÿһʱ䣬ʥرɳһӣԼһд裬ԱȽʵ
ҲΪֵһ顣
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ⵤǺʥصоΪ෴˵ûԼڲĵӡ
ֶαͨɸָ˲ţЩ˲űսȥͨ˴˵ĽϵĽ̵ܹܿˮ׼ҽˮƽ
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ᣬʵǵһѡʺϼ뵤˲ŵĴ;
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Ǳѡе˲ţһ뵤֮󣬱õϵĽڣҪ֪ǵڸǳѾõϼһȻǵΪ½ֻϡ
Եڽӽ۷Ĵڡ
ܹ۷ڵԽ̵Ƕ˿롣
򣬷ǵĵӣܹӴ粻ö֪䷽һ㷽Ϊ˵ġ
Ȼʥͬ䷽ʥضЩıʮϸ񣬸޿⴫
ԣ֮£Ȼҩʦҽߵʥء
Ҳˣⵤٰ᷽ˡ
ֻǴϷӿе֪ⵤٰĿɲʲô˶μӵġ
ٰ֮ǰ򻹻һβԣֻвԺϸߣܹ볡ʸ
һǰᣬ᲻Щѵüͷ
ǲһָʲô֪𣿡ЩΪѵʵ
Ϸǵ˵޷ǱһЩҩҽƷͨԶѡ
ԣɵͷ˼
û뵽ᾹȻһ򣬹֪ⷽἸΪ㡣һ֪ľٰص㣬Ҫ棬ǲܵ顣
ЩΪѵ˼ãͻȻһ̶뵽Ƚ⣬ڰƣҲζֲܹͬϵ⹦
˵ҩʦҽ޷ǱǽĻϣֻҪѧͬҲܳΪһʦҽߡ
˼ˣ᲻Щ˷ܵ˵֪֪һľٰطң
ôѵȥμӣҹ۲죬ɲߣٰ֪죬ֻµʱҲ޷μӡϷЩɻ˵
Ǻ⣬ص˵Ȼа취ˣͬһʦҶ֪ʶҲ٣ӦΪ
ѣϷӷ㣬ԴʶϷѾϵõ벻ľϲȻһʦ֪Ǻ֪Ĵͬ
ƫƫһʦˣȴܹһЩ棬Ϊ˽⡣
еʱϷвһֹͷƺ˴ǰͬСӹҼһ㡣
ҲͷϷӶְֺޣǰϧһϡŹֵ֪ʶ޵Լô뱲ӣͷȴһˡ
Ȼ⻰д󣬵ȴҲ֤Ϸӵʵ뷨
ʱ˵ϷӵЩ棬ǰܹٵľϲ
룬Ϸǵ˵ľٰĵطƵ۹ˮǣĽҳǴҪĽų̣ȻΪȫ·Ļֻɡ
ˮ𣿡һº˵ʲôҲҪȥһˡ
ˣԸң㵽׼ôμ˰ɣϷΪʵ
Цؽ͵ʲô취ȻͨǰĲԣȡ볡ʸѵΪҴӲҿɲǰ׳ա
˵˲ǵû˵㲻ҪһҩʦҽߣϷƲ죬˵
ΪʲôأЦŷʵ
ԣϷӲɵɴ۾Ǳһ䷴ʾЩ˵
Ƭ֮ϷӷŻعû˵СӣҪҿЦҿɲ㡣
ʼЦ˵ȻڻҩʦǴӽұ㿪ʼѧϰҩ˵һҩʦƺҲûʲôɣ
ǡֲߡϷƺĻ̼Щ͡
ῴϷӳԾģǵȻ˵ѵ˹涨ߣͲܳΪҩʦ𣿡
⡭
ϷӶʱԷ


155 ״ҩ
ϷӵĲĿ⣬ܿصԼĵط
ֻʣһµʱ䣬ץµÿһӡ
ҪΪҩʦҽߣҪǱǸߣȻû˵ϵ߲ѧϰЧȴ޷ͬƷȡ
ö֮½ϵҩʦҽ߽ǳߣѾ˵Ĺʶ
ϷӲ֪ԼΪϰ뿪ǰ޹˺ߵİƿ֮
ֻҪԸ⣬ûʲôķ似ġ
Ϊһ㣬᷽Ż˾
ص֮ԺϸѰһ飬ܿӼҵйҩʦķ
һĸ߽ķ޼ɹ뿪֮󣬱㻨µʱ佫Щķؼù졣
ȻΪԸΪһˣΪ˰ȫ㽫Щķؼһʮصĵط
ԭлȥȡҲû뵽֮£һ·ǽڤأԭ۹Ƶ۹
ЩӵĴѾ֪ڵĽҳǾ۹ĺ֮ǿµĽų̣ؼ۹ӰûоԵʵǲȥġ
ҵǣƬ½֮󣬲ñ㷢Լļǰǿ࣬ЩķؼݣӡԺ
˿̣΢һѰԺҳһΪʥҩ䡷ķ
⡶ʥҩ䡷ͷһ㣬ϸ£ŷ⡶ʥҩ䡷Ȼǳʥء
ȷе˵ʥҩ䡷ʥصġҽ¼һݼ򻯰档
Ϊλ޼ɹ岢֪Ĳ²⣬ʥغ޼ɹĹϵʮУ޼ɹҪʥ⡶ʥҩ䡷Ҳʲô̫顣
⡶ʥҩ䡷ܵݲֻѣͬһЩķ
ϾҩʦĻͬΪֻл֧ŷܹƳƷߵĵҩҽ
ϸһ飬ܿҵߵķʥľ
ò˵Ȼ⡶ʥҩ䡷ֻʥصġҽ¼ļ򻯰棬ȴҲһķȵġ
ѲǵǸһϲͨͷֻ࣬ǼԵĿһ飬֪⡶ʥľķǷ֮
ῴ֮Ҳ˷ʱ䣬ϥڰתֻſ̶㰴աʥľ֮ķʼĬĬת
ʱоһöش֮΢΢Щϲ˿ıǿߵΪ⡶ʥľѧǰ㰴ͰĻ
뵽⣬һˣǿưסеϲã̶
£ʱ÷ɿ죬һʮȥʮڼ㲻ڱչ⡶ʥľ
е⡶ʥľһΪ㣬ֻʮʱѾڶĶ徳硣
ͨ˱׼ôһϵΪ൱ͨߵĽ֮
һжֻʱţڻǶһ޶İ֮ӣܸӾ
ˡʥľĵڶ֮󣬰աʥҩ䡷ļأôʹĽӴˡ
ھҪһֻ˼£ѾҪѧϰı
ԭܼ򵥣ҩʦҽȻߵķְ֧ҵͬķҪҽԼ򵥵ࡣ
򵥵˵ҩʦʵǮģҩʦҪͨƸֵҩԼ⡣
Ҫ֪ҪĸݣƷεĻãһﵽϵݼ۸ѾܹͨܵķΧļһЩͨ޷䡣
ҲΪҩʦڴ½ܻӭԭ򣬱Ͼ˲ۺ񣬵ǿһЩӴһ㾡ֻҲ޷һ߽ҩʦ
ǡǡǣ˿Ų쳣ݣΪԭ򣬷Ϊҩʦ
Ȼᱳûʲôǿǵ֧ţͬȱٽǮȲ˵һֵǵϡݡ
ǾԵһµ棬Ѿ㹻֧ǰѧϰˡ
ڵȵƷ֮ҪĽǮƷϸߵݣ಻ʲôѣŵǸʱ̻ģԽӵ
һҾԵ˿ɹۣȵԵƵ۹ÿһ䣬ǼʲôֻǼҲóԴˡ
ȻԵģʵǾԵ󱳺ˣһ˹ϵġ
ڵԵ֮ʱ飬ӵеһʵڱ֧ŵģûİֻǽͷ
ֻǣЩ̫⣬֮ĹϵƺҲûҪֵô
˶ģһЩ֮ʲôɼƽϵģڼʮԣȻҲϾ˼ЩԳǰڵһЩָ㽨֮⣬̻һоӪᲢʡ
ԴˣΣĵȴʼսԵ󿴳ĶֻǸĶѡ
һ죬һϣ̶ĸ¶
Щݴ󲿷ֶһЩƷͨݣ֮ƷߵҲǶƷģѡһģɫֲϸһ
ǡʥҩ䡷ߵĻķҩʦԼҽߵͬʱҲݵϡ
ͨʥҩ䡷ļأֱһڹݣʵһƷıҶ
ôݵĿģΪһöһƷıĵ
Ҫ֮⣬ͬ¯ҲҩʦرĹߡ
˿ŵıոմ¯¯ǺǰϿ̫Ͼ¯ģżơ
ֻȴǲʮ֮һԼĪֻô
ֻǳѧߣȻ¯Ҳûʲô
ţ㰴ռе䷽ĲһԵķ¯֮У̶ס¯ףĬĬʥľ
һȵ̶֮ͨУֻһ΢ĵ⸲Ʊ棬漴һţ㾡ӿ¯֮С
ܿģĲӿ룬¯¶ԽԽߡ
ֵǣȴǸоȶȣӵ¯Ʈһ󵭵ҩ㣬ȴ֤ȷʵѾܽ⿪
Сʱ䣬оʱͣеĶ΢΢һе¯ϣɿش򿪵¯Ķǣһ𲻶ӿ
Ϊ֮еϲ֮ʱɫȴͻȻһ㶣̶üͷŵ¯һͬĺںĶ
⡭ѵҩ֮ǳ⸱ģЩãš


156 뷨
ع۲ãǲĵĳϣһεʧˡ
ʱЩڲںǮƣ͸ոһöĵĲϣ൱ھԵһʮ֮һ
Ҳ˵ոỨ˽ʮöϾңƳһ¯õĶ
ѹ˶˵ҩʦǸǮְҵûԼỹĲ֪ʲôۡ
ȵͼҩʦΪмҩʦʱ֪ҪǮأ
Ҫǣ˵˿̵㲻һҩʦ
ƹƣᵹҲû٣ϾǸ߼ҩʦҩʦܰٷְٿ϶ܹһƳɹֻ˵ǵ;飬ܹɹʶѡ
һΣʧܸգһѸո͵ĲϼѾһա
εĽһޣǰѺںġ᷽֮¶һεı顣
ǡʱСһҡһεĴ˽Щӣһֱչʥľ֮СĴܡ
ûСլĴһ֮ȴǻص᷿䡣ȷе˵СǱ᷿дĵҩ
ϴ֮Сƺûκα仯ÿǳԱ˯˯˳ԣһɵĺ
ƵؿһѺںĶ֪δ
ʱ۽ƳſڵСͻȻһ漴ǰСﳭѺںĵҩǰСЦе˵Сһƽ㲻ǵЩݣ㿴ǺķѴƳűĵǱˣұ㽫͸㡣
С￴Цеı飬۾ЩãؿᣬǶ⸱ڵ̬ЩӦ
Ѻںĵҩϴҩ㣬С̲ס̿ˮ
ʱСﲻ˵Ҳһ·˹ķ֮ʱ㿴ץСƺ˵ʲô
ʱģżƣøոսЩ㵡
֮Ҳǵһʱ䷢֣㵵ı飬׹漴Щε˵ôˣ
漴Щǰ߼Ѻںıĵ
Щεģ˼Լ³֣ûذһ̶ۣ˵ǲڽСʲôˣ
ⶼ˵ʲôô顣ҡͷɿؽ͵
ûУôһڣùӣЦ˵
зɿ˼λش
ʱȴǴСĽ
תȥС̰ԹȻ֪ʲôʱѾӳƣֱϡ
ԭѺںıĵȴֻʣѡ룬Ҳ֪һѾСĶԡ
ֻǣСһƳ˶ҩıͽʱΪơ
˿߽ߣῴȻҲһš
Щѧϰ飬֪ģͬģҲôȫΪԼĵܵ
˼ʮָжģǶѺںĶС˿̵ķӦԼǰʱĶ˹һӱ㽫ǰϵ
漴̲ס͡һЦ˳Цؿᣬ̶ЦֵѽСǲǰӵ㣬ⱲҪô۸
֣ǸЦ֮ᾡأΪ˲Լġ
ϾǸˣɲ뽫Լ˵һϲŮǰչֳ
Цؿᣬһο⸱ģҲû뵽ƽصˣҲ˺ӵĿɰģ
ȻҲ֪һΪʲô˼ˣ͸ŨŨ⣬̶˵ᣬлл㣡
ԣ΢΢һ̶׹ǰ뻳Уϵ㣬˵˵ʲôɵҰ㲻Ӧõ𣿡
˵ģСϱǷҵģⱲӲŻᱻ۸ôҶȻҲϱǷģⱲҪһ㡣
һ׻ĻУ˵ⱲĻ
ϲĻ˵˵
ֻǴӱǻзһġš˱㲻ѵõ顣
ֻǣһĨܰպܿ㱻ơ
Сǽһźںıĵ˸ɾʱǰΪ˺ģһʱΪҽУӲؽոˡ
Ӧһ̶æỳж㿪һƬͨ죬ֵصᣬˣС￴Цˡ
ͷݺݵصС̶˵һֻ֪Ժ˯ôᶮЩ
ۣ
ƺ˿ԼʮСﲻͷϣһһؽͷŪġ
Цؿһһ裬漴ǰС뻳У漴˵ѽô˻СһʶǷˡ
ˣΪ˲㣬ҾͰСˣҲЩϡŹֵĶιԣʱԻ˶ҿҪˡ
˵ţһЦ֮ת뿪
Ƭ̵´棬СĴ֣ҲС뿪֮ܿ㽫˼Ͷ뵽ϵЩ档
ϸػǰ̣ᷢԼ趼ǰաʥҩ䡷صİͰ࣬мûκ©
ǽȴʧܣ⾿ΪΣв˼š
漴šʥҩ䡷йҩļأҪҳķ
ʵҲѧߵҪɹƳһöһƷҩһɵ顣
ոսӴҩʦĸǾʧ֮󣬷ܹɹƳһöҩ
ǣʱ䲢࣬ΪǼᣬڶʱʱ޷μӡ
Ѱ˰죬ͻȻһɷͷ
ͷĲܵˡʥҩ䡷еһ仰
ҩ֮˵ţҩʦĿıΪ˽޵ĲϲһƳЧԶԶԭ̺ĵҩ
ʹøָƷݣƳĵҩЧȻ˳ɹʼߣȴǵòʧһʧܵƹ̡
һ仰ͻȻԺзܳһΪͷ
ڿɲںǵҩƳļֵǷܹƵĲϵĳɱıܹɹƳһŵҩ
ЧĿǰҪǵģ뷨ʮֹϵҳǰһڤصݡ
ѡһƷ͵޹ٳ޹ƷݣڤеõǶѱУֵǮһˡ
ǰСﵱΪʧС֣޹Ѿʣ²࣬ΪԱʱ֮裬Ա㽫ղСΪǰûٺϾ
û뵽ȴó
Ĵ㣬ƷһöƷҩĵ
һٶ˶Уֻ»ᾪ˵


157 ͵
뵽һ硣
ܿҪĵĸֲϣҩеǸ޹٣ʵƷĵõƷ޹٣΢Ϥҩʦֻһͨݱɡ
ʹ޹٣ȻܹͬƳĵһöƷĵҲʮöϾң޹ٵļ۸νر
˿̸ںЩһɲӽ¯֮Уе޹ͬУţ㰴Ĳ裬ʼ۾ĵ
ǰεʧܾĲԽ죬ҪӴ֧ţ赣
¯ԴԴϵӿ룬ܿ죬һɲͬǰĵҩ¯Ʈգۼ䡣
ʱȥһĨͷԽһεĸоǰʧܵľȫͬ˿¯ͬ͸֮һ㣬ʹ۾ܹؿ¯ڲϷճҺ塣
Һ֮УԸܵһɳϵطš
ָо֮ǰζδйģ᲻Щ졣
ʱɿţһĹ̴һֱҹڼһΣ᷿ں޶ֻһɵҩ㴫֪ᶨæƵҩҪĵ뿪ˡ
˿̸֪緢ʲô飬ȫ¯С
ڵճҺ岻ϵķֱ󽥽۳һűɫСҩ衣֪ǵҩɵס
µһͨǱɫСҩ賹ʵȻеҩӡҩ֮У֮ɴ󹦸ɡ
ؼһԽרעȫͶ뵱У˿⡣
Ƭ֮ʶ֮ͻȻһֵĸоƺܵǱɫСҩϴһҩݷǱעһ㣬Ծš
һʱ䣬Щ㱣ܿ㱻ľסˣһɲʶʱǿլڵһһһһľ˿ľ۵ס
˿Ѿҹ󲿷˶ѾϢˡĸ֪ܹ˴˿̵״
ǼһԴӾϴα֮ʱԽ̿࣬ʶ鿴˿Ȼ֮С
ڵΪԵʣ˿Ѿ˯¡
ʶƮɣܿķ֮УȻ֪ҹ̽һŮӵĹ뷿ʮֲ׵顣
ȴ޷ֹԼʶţܿںڰҵӰһ֮£᲻ЩȻʧЦ
û뵽СѾͷ˯ѿһ㱡ıӲ֪ʲôʱѾ´ȥϽ˿ʵĹ⻬˯ȹСһԺģɰüͷʱ£еĵһ㡣
ʶܿתķ֮УҲ֪Ƿ飬һ̣ܲ˼¡
Ȼ֮ĹϵѾȷƽմͨĽҲ§һ£Ψһһڤصʱ
Դһ֮˵ĹϵûʲôʵԵͻơ
ʵⲢ˵Ը⣬ô飬һѷϣ෴ֻҪҪʲôܾ϶ˣ޷˵Ͷ롣
Ტ֪ģ˵ȻȷϵӵĴʮֿܹʲô顣
ֵԼ˾ٶУԷʱգһֱйоأԽ׳һ
Ȼһԭ򣬱Դ뿪Լ֮һ·룬ؼӳķڤأһʱ䣬Ȼ뿪ոĽҳǱ㷢˲ؽźϮ
һ鵹ҲûʱЩȻ粨ѹȴˣ޷Ϊ쳣أʱʲôǷ֮롣
ʶķ֮УһƬڣͻȻǿʶҲǿںڰп
Ĺ뷿ɱװεʮֵţִ֮һ˿Ůҵζľֻһƽ΢ĺ
ߵͶȥ崲һӰ֮С
һ㱡ϯӽµĽУһͷ㷢ЩɢΧ˯еƽֶ˼ֵź
ʹǰЩᣬ˲ðźĴ˯вһů
ֻǵߣ֫ţں˯С֮ʱǲ΢΢鴤˼¡
ԭ˯ԺС֪ʱط˷һֻС˿ϣ΢΢¡ڡ
һĻᣬ޲óǰȥСɫСһһʹᡣ
ҲΪͻȻ˾ҵĲֻǰһڣ漴ӵʶ㳹ʧ
ųǰԼķ䣬е¯֪ʲôʱѾƽ
᷽ոǶƷĵ˭֪ȻĪķǰһĻ
عᣬһæ¯򿪣һơ
ʱһ̣ͨ͸ŨŨҩСҩ֮С
ҩ֮ϲʱ˸һ΢̹⣬ῴһĻвɴϲ
ˣϲغһ
ǡʥҩ䡷֮еļأ֮ʱҩһ΢̥ââǿⵤҩƷΨһ׼
̥ĹâԽǿζƳĵҩƷԽߣ̺Խࡣ
ɿóһСУСؽĵװУȻֻһƷĵҩôҲƳĵһŵҩʮϧ
һĲ߲ݣὫʱ䶼֮ϣŽ׵ֶηƳһŶƷ鵤
ʱǸоЩƣҲû뵽ĵľ֮
ʵ᲻֪ǣŽӴʮʱ䣬Ѿܹһ֮ĴΣɹƳһöĵ
һͨҩʦ㾭Ҳ˵ܹһ֮Ĵεҩ
ֻҪҩʦû˲֪һΪķѾ飬ѧܹһεҩѾʵˣǵмҩʦľ磬ҲܹﵽһһƵĵҩֻһЩƷϵ͵ġ
һ֮ĴΣҪǴȥֻ»˴һǵеЩϼһѶֻǻᾪ츳
֪ģܹ֮˿ֲȫǺޱȵ֧š
Ͼǿߵ壬޷䷢ӵ£ֻһЩƷĵҩǴ´ġ
ȻоЩƣȴʮܣո̣һЩýʱץһ˿򳹵͸ʲô벻ľϲҲ˵


158 ҩʦ츳
һҹûΪʲôʵԵͻơ
Դϴˮ彻֮ķѼ֮԰ɹĴڣʹܹ֮һΪֻ̤֮ĵߡ
Դһ֮һûлķϣչȴ쳣һĴڸоѾԽ
ֻǣ翣Ȼϸ֮ʱѾܹɹĴڣȴʼץסͬһӰӣӰ٣ܹƾġ
޷ĴڣҼõĻ޷ͻеľ硣
ΪڵΪѾﵽ˵۷壬ҺһѾǰֻ̤֮׼ǿˡ
ΨһܹͻƵķ򣬱㳹򣬳֮⣬ӵг˵ģǿߵڡ
һµ޽չ»һʱ䣬Ϊ˯֮ǰΪҪߣֻܿ򣬵ĿѾ޷ʵԵĽ
ڸոգɹƳǶƷĵ֮ʱȴĽһľ磬һ̣⿴Ĵ˯˯ˣͬʱƺҲǱĴһʮֿ״̬֮С
Ȼֻһɲǣỹز׽ˣָоںʱһޡ
仰˵ĵĹУĸܵĴڣָо֮ǰҪǿʮ
ȻһҹΪûʲô̫ĽչᵹҲû٣Ȼǰ֮ʱܹĽ־֮УܵĴڣôţֻҪѧϰɻܹٴҵָо
峿ᾭһҹҲǳ׻ָһţԺ֮У㿴ͬո̤ŵ
˲䣬һĻĿⲻЩ
һɵɵؿԼĿ⣬ӲԾЩŤֻѾɫüˡ
վǰᣬĿע֮£Ĳ΢΢һ̶ɫ΢΢죬Щ˵Ÿǲл
᷽ŴӸղŵ˼֮лع漴ЩظЦ漴˵û£ֻƺƯˡ
㡭˵ʲôء΢ص˵
ⷬȴ΢𣬱ϾõİͣĸŮ˻᲻ϲء
ʱһССƵش˳Ӱĳ֣Ŀʱͬ˰㣬ݺݵص˯ʵС
СǸܵ᲻Ŀ⣬ȴ׷ʲô飬ƺԼЩӿʮְؼûǣΪԼ˻Լ
СССԴôҲеԵɵġ
ݺݵصСֻȻɵ˵ֻʱŹֻɫһ
´һᣬ뿪լӣϷӵ
һݣֱ棬Ѿᳵ·ˣܿҵϷӣϼһƺÿ춼ò꾫ÿһŰӣӶеĴרһؽҵ
Ϸǰ֮ʱϼһ﷽ŷӦ̶ɻ˵ôп⣿ʱ䲻Ǳо𣿡
ԣǴӻͳһСУݸϷ˵㿴ʮŬĳɹ
ϷɻشнӹССУһϷӱеһɵ
ЩըգۣϷӽ򿪣һ۱һŷ̹Сҩ裬ϷӵһһŨҩ˲䡣
⡭ƵģϷЩʵ
ϷȻΪԵ޹һŵҩԷŻе˾棬ʮڰǰɻһʲôļһôŶ̶̰µʱ䣬˽ȻƳһųƷҩ
õ϶Ļش֮ϷѾЩƵ˵ƹ֮ϷڴǸܼ֮⣬ǲòϣȷʵһš
Ϸƽնרע棬һ̶ȵ˽⣬Ȼһѧ߼ʮƷҲһܹɹƳһöƷĵҩ
ֻʮĹȻܹһƷ޹ƳһöƷĵ츳ʵ̫ˡ
ǵЩǱоϼһ֪ʣֻ¶׷ҪԼ¡
ϸع۲еĵϷԽԽ̶֣ǷĥĿ¶һĨ֮ɫ
һԵῴϷոƳĵϱ˸ϷԣΪʵôˣⵤҩʲô֮𣿡
Ϸǵ˵ͷ̶ҡҡͷ漴˵֣֣ⵤҩӱϿȷʵĵϸһⵤҩ̺ȴƷҩǰǿֵĺܡ
Ʒҩȷû𣿡ͬЩԾʵ
ȷʵƷҩѾһͨĵˣûĵҩܸôƵ𣿡ϷЩʵ
ϸǰĲ裬̶˵ұǰ䷽ϲģĲҲûиı䣬ӲҪ˵ͬĻ
ʲôͬϷɻ׷ʵ
ʵʱĵʱΪҽ޹٣ԸоԭķƺЩףҾƾŸомλҩ΢ЩͬʱֽһЩ֮⣬طûκβͬϸ˵
һϷӣ¶һĨ˼𾪱飬Щ͵ؿᣬ֮󷽲˿Щ˵Ҫ˵ʲôأⵤҩ䷽˼ǧ꣬⼸ǧû˳ŸĽЩҩ䷽ɹ֮١
£ϷӼ˵ЩһǳѾõҩʦҩʦҩʦеľ磬͵ͬǿһ㣬ҲֻоǿʵҩʦܹЩ䷽
ţϷӻһתЩ˵һŽӴһµĳѧߣȻԸĶ䷽ȻƳԭƷߵĵҪ֪ζʲô𣿡
ῴϷ˼ı飬ûʲôӦʵζʲô
ζţֻҪڼרУʱջΪһҩʦ£ϷͻȻʲôɫʱЩ˵ϧ㲢ߣߵģҪﵽҩʦľ粢ǲܵ顣
ʲô־ڴˣҩʦ˵һջûСһȻ˵ңǾ仰Ҳûй涨߱㲻ܳΪҩʦ𣿡
Ϸԣһ̶Ц
벻˴뱲ӣȴǻûһῴͨ͸


159 ǰ
ĽҳǰĽ⣬һ˶Էɱţļͷ֮ϣһֻССİɫޡ
ͦѩԲĶӣһ˫Сץ˵Ķ䣬һյģ
۾ߵľ紵ԼӣʱѾ뿪Ľҳǵڶˣ·ȴûиеκƣ
񣬾಻ֻʣʱ䣬ԴϷӷᾪ˵츳֮󣬻ȥ֮ϸһЩҩʦ֮󣬷ŷԼǰĵʱĸĶ䷽ķһô顣
Ҫ֪Щ䷽Ǿø֮󣬷ܹ
ǵʥҩʦʥˣֻ¶ȥԸĶκһ䷽
Ϊһãô޷ƳЧõĵҩлΪ׳ֱΣ
Դһ֪ᣬ˿֮󷽲Щ¡
ֻǣ˺֮⣬ϸ˵ʱǵõʱĵʱֻǱܵľЩףʶظı˸ֲϵķ
ָоʮϤϸһ룬Ȼ׹ʱָоԼǰ⿵ʱһ
ǰΪһʦıܣÿ˵䷽ֻ迴һۣ׷ֱϵĺ̶ȣҲΪһ㣬ʹССͱܹΪһҾ¥ҪϣǶȻ޷쵽ġ
Ҳû뵽ԼΪʦıܾȻܹӦõ档
һֶʱҲЩ˷ܲѡ
ʮ죬ȫĵͶԼҵ֮У˵һγɹľ飬ƳɹʮųƷҩȻЩҩ඼ǶƷƷͨĵҩҲĸԺ
Ͼ㣬Ӵһ²ࡣ
ʱ䣬Ϊܹȥ볡ʸǱʵһöƷѪ
֮ǰδԹģһÿղϵӴ֧ţ˿ġʥľѾﵽ˵۷壬ֻٸʱܹɹͻƵĲ㣬Ҳ൱ߵĵ֮
˵۷壬˵Ѿ㹻ƷµκεҩȻֻۣɲֻҩʦȼģҪĻҪµĻۡ
Щ֮ͬǰһµ̣ԽᣬǵڳƲͬĵҩ֮ʱʶܹ֮ܵķ䷽ҪĽĵط
֮ǰƵʮŵҩԭ䷽ģƳɹһЩһƷĵͼҩܾĸı䣬ܹƷӲһ
ȻҲõĲϾΪ߳ɹʣƹ̿νϧѪʹһЩƷƷİΪҩ
ˣֻ¾Ǹǰ˾ƷϵҲһܹɹ
ʵԼҲ֪Ϊλӵ
ʱɱееСУװ˴ǰĿ˵ҩһöƷѪ
ΪһöѪνѪһֵİϾҵѪΪҩҸԸݡ
ЩݵֵܼѾﵽöҡ
һöƷѪҲֵϾңԭ䷽Ĳϼ㣬ɱ಻ŲһϾҡ
ԣʦǰǸʮǮְҵһﵽһĳ̶֮ôΪһʮ׬Ǯְҵ
ϾֻҪﵽ˸߼ҩʦľ磬һöƷҩתֱ׬һļǮܹƸƷģֵӿֲ
㣬ΪһöƷĵҩȻҪ𽫽Ͼҡ
ȻֻһƷݣôᶨȻǿģǾֱܵı츳һƷѪͬѪͬϷ˵Ѫɫͷ̥âֱ棬ѪƷҩĹЧ
һöƷҩļֵҪƷҩ֮ǰһһ㣬ҲҪһֻۣʵϣͬƷҩֵҲͬЩƷҩļֵǧöϾҲǴڡ
Ʒ֮ϵƷҩѾλˣƷĵҩԪ½ΪϡеĴڣÿһöԵһǳء
˾Ʒ֮ϣ򽫱Ϊ鵤ÿһ鵤ĳ浤ٵĳ֣һ˵٣ôǾƷ鵤γɶеĵʶҲνʶ
Ԫ½֮ϹھƷ鵤Ĵ֮٣󲿷ֻһҲԵһ档
ھƷ֮ϵʮƷ񵤣Ǹֻд˵вųֵĴڣŴ½δƳɹ
ˣ˿̻ǿӦóƵƷѪѾϼΪĵҩˡ
ѪȥμĿˣӦòʲô⡣
ȻҲ淴ӳϸˮƽһ볡ˣҪһöƷ鵤˵˴ٰʱ
һǸڴϣܹڴܹ֮İ취
һ˼ܿˮǺĽҳмһС棬ʱɫѾῴ˿ҹµĽų̼ߣʱѾ㹻ˣҲż
С֮У㷢ִʱȻɫСĽֵġ
̧һɨᷢа϶ʮԵϢЩ˵Ȼ֮
һ·˹ȥЩƵǣû뵽Сľ¥ǸδμӹȻ֪ᷢ飬Ȼûǰ׼
֮֮ڤйһѪëȻʲôںʵڲУҸɾĽϢһҹϻҲ㹻֧ˮǡ
ҵǣ첻ˣԭѾ˵ᣬҵһһɾС¥
ͬΪʱ򣬸պûһſ
״Щңλϣĵ˼СˣͬʱҲϵСһݴݵģ֮㾲Ϣ
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·ЩˣСǷŲһԣС˵Ƿݣ԰ɣ
СʳѣζԼԲĹĵСӣһҡһڵſϣĳ
Сĳ࣬ҡͷЦЦ̶
жҾ¥ʳζ֮ʱһöͻȻ
ܹоͬʱԭЩľ¥ʱ
ԣͣжУ̧ͷԭ֪ʲôʱһµŮѾվǰԻͬ顣
΢һֻŮһͷ˿а㷢ɢڱ°Ķüһ˫ǳ£ɰıӣ΢죬촽׵˫չ񣬹ѩɫϸ˾ˡ


160 ͻ
ͻȻԼǰľŮӣҲһ˲ʧ
һ˲ʧͬעŮӺߵͬע⵽
ȻһʧֻǶ̶Ƭʱ䣬ܿѹΧŮӵòʳ˵Ѿǲˡ
ˣŮڼʧģÿü̲ס΢΢壬һԵһŮ΢΢Щһ
ʱ᷽ע⵽Ůӵͬ飬ŮվһźŮһ޵ŮˣֻģȻҪŮԳࡣ
ŮʮޣֻǰŮվһȻԵЩ޹⡣
Ůһɫӡӵģǿʲʮֽ˶һͷҺֵľһˢӿͷϣһ˫ɫĳۣĿ罣üýԶϵٴ£Ůվһ𣬼ֱһŮϡ
΢΢֮ɻʵʲô𣿡
ͽСŮӻδ˵Ѿȿˣ˵λѣģ㿴ΧλöѾֻһˣܰʦøղ㣬ܷи㣬ǺͬȻΪ˱㣬ٷ롣
ԣüͷȻ֪¥ãֻһλöҲ
ǰ˵᱾ûʲôֻܻӵĻ֮ȴʮֲ
˵䣬ȻһЦ⣬̬ʮºͣһ˿޵ʢ֮⣬Ȼó
ֻ΢룬ҲԸȥƽЩϾҪڴ֮ǰҲ֦
˼ˣ쵭˵޷Ա㣬ڷǰһ𣬾Ͳͷλˡ
ŵﲻǸȫЦЦܹϾңֻһöƷҩôȱǮ
˵ţҲˣԳ
ʳͼᾹȻ˵ܹλ˾ɫŮһ׷ͶĽͼʵĿ⣬иǰղѡ
ŮӼӦ˵л̬ĮǰԼĿһĨʧӣҲûг
úӱʵλʦãǳʱ˵㣬ձ㽫ţյˮǣΪһ׼һʢʳλʦýӷϴ
ӵĻһԳŮЦŵƷʦ֣̫ˣȻ˴¡
Ӧõģ֮ǰʦԸҪúдλʦãƷȻҵƷһЦ˵
һǸǰ˲ʧŮӣӦΪ䵭ֻǵ˵˾䣬ˣ˴뿪ʦţΪʦ£̫ҡ
ǶܰĮ̬ϰΪƷֻЦЦ㲻ټ⡣
˵ĶԻҲûʲôõϢΨһ֪ı˴˴ǰĿĵؾȻҲˮǣѵҩʦҽߣ
ЩƺϵҲûжԡ
ֻǣˣȴ޷ȷе˵޷ſϣʮѿСӶ
ǽܰŮӿСģһ˿ϲֻСͣǻһ˿ӣÿü̲ס΢΢һ¡
ͽϳŮ̲סԵλѣֻܷ޷ŵط
ԣ̧ͷüͷ˵ʲô𣿡
ŮָָС˵㲻ĳʵӰ˵ʳܷͷ㽫Ūߣ
ԵСǰŮӾȻҪߣʱ̧СԴŮ۴
ҲûֹСﲻòΪŮӵĻͬΪУʱǺ˵ԭģǼȻӰ쵽ǣôǴɻҵҪôɣȨ档
㡭Ůӱһ޷в
Сݸ߹ȴǴûܹĮĶԴǽƷӣڼʦˣҲǶڣƷݶˣǰ۵˾Ȼ˿ɫơ
ԽԽŮӴδĴһʱ侹Ǹ֪Ǻá
ǽܰŮӣȻԼʦҪʵףǰӺĻͬеЩպޡ
Ʒ˲ӣв΢ϲԴη˼ʦǰǰˮǲμᣬԭʮԸڼǰŮ֮󣬱㽫еĲԸ׵һɶתΪдΪԼܹõ
ǰŮΪɫŮӣֻܰǼһۣƷʱΪˣȻǽõʦͬʮֳڣ޷ǰܰᲢۡ
ҪǣƷ˵ܰȻõʦãڵʮ⣬Ϊʦô˴ǰҲΪġ
⼸ƷǾȡŮǰºӡ󣬲ö̬Ϊ֮⣬ܰǶʮֿףʮ䵭һĸƷΪա
˿̼˲ӣƷʱ㽫ڵϣͬʱҲŮֻظӣõŮҲ˵
ѣô˵Ǿ¥Ǹ˳Էĵط㽫һֻ޷ŵһͬʳѵǽʳͶһ㣿
ƷĻ˵ʮȻƽȴǽΧʳҲĶ档
ĻǱ̨ʣǰŪطôǳղ˵Ǿ仰˶һ㿴һڳʳ͡
ƷĻһЦĿжƷ͸һĨУȻǶƷ˻ǵʻʮ
ܰǰ㵭ĮƷľٶû͸¶κ
ֲɵӣôƷеĺ壬ֻ΢΢Цһ̶˵ΣֵΣ˵뷨Щȥ棬֪ʵªޱȣ
⻰ȻûָգڳȻó⻰ָ
Ʒû뵽۵˾Ȼڤ粻飬Ӣ΢һ˿̶˵λγƺⷬԸ񣬾Ͳµﲻõ𣿡
ô˵㶯ʱЦ˵Ҳ㱿֪ڴ֮ǰԷﲻõˣ㵹ҲһԵȨӵܡ
˻ΣֱǳطƷ
Χʳԣ̲סЦ
ܵƷһſΪĿ͸һɭĺ⣬ƷҲסֻ΢˹Ȼ漴ΪȻ˵Ҳ̧̫ԼˣƷֺݡ
ôĿҵǶЩ棬Ƕ˽ƷƵ˲٣Ƶ۹ĵͷϣŵ̬ȣû´ɣ˵⻰ͬʱϱ赭дģ
˿
ֻһȴΧʳٴΰ


161 ַܰӦ
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ĸ֣ԭڿֵһʳͽĿ֮ɫ׷òŵĿֱֱضƷ
ʷǷ˾ȻĵӣʳеĵһӦͬʱǱŲ²̬ȡ
ĵӣôǰǿʮͨΪλ㵭ĸִͷ˵ûκθоһ㡣
ƷҲû뵽Լʮͨ˲̬ȡšһڱԼݡ
ԭƷѹˣܰŮ²õӡ󣬲˿̺ᾹȻһԼݣƷ˾֮⣬Ц
λѺȷʵλγƺƺʮֲͲ֪ʱѣƷҲΣܸɴĳϵ
ƷεĳϣΧʳ;̲ס˿û뵽ǰ˾Ȼĵӡ
Ƶ۹ĵλҪԶԶڻʼ֮ϣһЩ΢˽ĻˣʮĻҲһ裬ŵ䱳֧֣ƾŻʼǵ΢ʵѱȡ֮ˡ
˵Ƶ۹֮Уʵϵͳߣֻɵһѡ
Ƶ۹Ź֪顣
λ˳Ȼһо;µĴڣΧЩʳҲû뵽վȻһĵӡ
ǲƷǷǼðģΪƵ۹֮Уû˳˱ӵðӡ
Ľܵ׷ɱֹݡ
ڹѾΣҲǼΣʹý½˸ðͷ
˾ȵǣǰͨ˼Ȼ֪ƷĵӣȻҵҲ֪Ƿ񱳺̣֪η
Χʳ͵ķӦ⣬Ʒͱ˵Ŀ⣬޷κв
ǰĲ豭嵭Ĳˮһͷһ󵭵Ŀɬ㣬΢΢죬᷽ŵ˵ҵĻ֪ҵݣұ㣬ҽᣬݣһͨ˶ѣûκֽѵңܷıǣ˼ɡ
Ʒ赭дĻȻĻʮƽôͬһƽһ㣬ֻһݲȵ̬ȣȴôһͨˡ
һìܵϣȴƷ΢Щ
ܹΪĵӣһڸӣƷȻǳ嶯֮
ֻһȻƽͱ֮޷̨һѵ
ŽҪνѵǰ֪ߵغСʱһʼղܰȴͻȻڵƷʦ֣ηʦԸǰˮǰ£ѾϢòˣǷ̸·ˣ
Ʒԣ΢΢һȻЩԼǵŮԣǲÿھܾ
˼Ƭ̣Ʒ¶һĨЦݣͷ˵ȻܰʦÿڣΪȻκ
£Ʒ̶תͷ˵ֵܣǷƫ֮ұ㲻ƽϣϣ´ǻܼʱ򣬵ʱϣֵС
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ῴ˽ȥӰ΢΢¶һĨЦǸƷǾвĻϡ
ƷΪҲǲףϣȴǸܲκвٺ֮ǰˮȣŲСĲࡣ
δ֮ʱ㲻壬񾭹ŸεĽӴ֮Ȼþһͨˡ
ΪӶ飬ϻźݵ֮ԼνûʲôøС
˲Ҳ˵ԭ᲻ȥ£鷳ˣǲ
ԵԶԶǿвڵĴͨǿߡ
еЩֵǣڸո֮ͬʱǸһֱδܰƺǲ⽫ĿͶϡ
ԭᲢʲôոܰͷ뿪֮󣬳úƷûע֮ʱǻͷؿһۡ
ԴĿ֮иܵһתš
ϸ˼Ƭ̣ȴǲ²ʲôֻĿ֮иܲ⡣
ȻҲûΪֻһżȻԼܹõһŮӵķġ
һжҪģ˵ֻǴ·˵ĹͣҪĻǽڼ֮ϣ¡
˾¥һĻСʱᵹҲûܵκδš
Χʱ̿ȻԵõᣬ͸¶Ÿָӵв²⣬о£һ˿档
ǰʲôˣʱһݲȣԵ̬ȣ㹻ΧȺ˼ɵѵˡ
Ʒǰ˵ὫǵһԴ⣬Ⱥ˸ǲҽҲ硣
ȻƷѣǾòףǸ˿϶̣Ϊһű߼ʵɶ޹ʺڳֲɵӣȻûԸðͷָȥʮº͵˱ҪԼ
ǱܰĳԼ͡
ţҪһͷ׼ϢǾ¥ϰǾ֮ˣǰһ㲻©ĿȻ¥ĿͷΪǰ
Ƿֵŭ𣬿һССƹǲҵģֻ΢΢һڣƹͷĽ¥˵һ飬Լķ˳ԹϢ
ԭſͷѴڳҸطϢһҹƹԼķøﻹ²ǰ
ҲûеƣȻԸôֺαؽ飬ܿƹ£һ价Ϸ
΢΢˵˼лĻϢлɳϻ̳Ͽֵƹ֮Ц绹ϣû㹻ʵֻƹԴ̬ȾͲˡ
΢΢һ̾ϥϢ
գɫѾ˹˯һҹķ糾ϴᾫʱ˵ˬ
뿪¥֮΢΢ˮǵķһۣ漴̸·
ٶȣֻϰʱ䣬ִܵˮǡ
һ̣ЩڴΪһ¶ĽӴҲʹʮָȤȻȻǼͬʮڴ
ֻǣû߶ã㷢ǰų˼ϤӰϸһƣȻղźͬܰŮԱȻƷ


162 ;
ᷢ˵ټҲ΢Щ졣
˲ձѾ뿪ΪνջˣѲƷɶ֮ڴ˵Լ֣
ǣƺЩԣ˲֪ԼеĿģôܻ֪Լһﾭ
˼ǰ벻ףҲͲȥ룬˵ĿΪԼеǲ˿
Ʒǰнţ˵Ϊ˿ûԼ٣ȻҲͬһʱ䷢Ӱ
ü״ü΢̶˵ʦãˣôѵǸǶ
һԵܰ΢΢Ƴһۺ󷽣̶˵ʦˣἴʼЩ½½ˮǵ಻Ҳһֻǡɱϰˡ
ǡպĽӴ֮УһΪǴΪ˶ӡ󼫻˿̼ʶΪǱĿġ
˵ʲôʱһԵƷԣǰȻ˵λʦ÷ģƷеĿľǻλʦƽִˮǣ᲻ãĶԶλʦĻ죬ƷӲ
£Ʒ˵ѾһĲʶ̧٣ƷЩ֪ʵ
üƷ緢ģЩ˵ƷʦֿǵĵȻʦֵȻʦֶô˵ˣôҲûʲôõĵġ
˵ţǶƷ¶һĨǳЦƷЩ
һԵܰȴǲΪһﲻ
Ʒڵ֮䣬΢΢Щʧ
ȻȲܰطǲɶõòܰǰ÷ʲôǲѡ񣬿õȻܹܰõԼеĵλżİ
ᣬȻ֮ǰֵЩǿƣƷûϣΪŮǰַȣƷѳֺúýѵѵǲ֪ߵغСˡ
˿ãԼȻֵúúΪ֮³ڶ
нһ·˫ȴʮĬرһľ롣
ʮеţҲӿٶȣǺˣֻǲǲҪ鷳ѡ
üһֱʼձֵľ룬ǸβƵģô˦Ҳ˦вɷ겻ѣͬʱԽĿĲ
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Ů궼ʦУܰؿͷһ뿪ɽţδ׵鲢Ǻ˽⡣
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ˣ˵һԱҪֵܰˡһǣжľٶʮ־ΪǱŲ֮ġ
뵽⣬òɶǰƷ˵Ʒʦ֣һֱǺ棬ܷߣǣʼվЩס
ܰԼʦĻҶü£̶˵ʦ㣬Ϊһɵ⣿ѵ˵ʵʲôõĵ𣿡
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ܰ˿Ϊ˵ʦˣ˵ģҺһǵһμˣôܶʲô뷨ֻǲ鷳ѡ
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漴һڴܰĺǽҰСӷʲô飬һܰΪɻʦʧ˵ʱȡ֮
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ʦ˵Ĳһֱʲôɸ˵ܣȥˣ䡣Ʒи漴һŮΣ̬˵
ܰüͷΪǰǷ˿˵ʲô˵
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ܰ˵ƷȻΪܰҲͬ뷨΢˿ܰᲢûʲô뷨Լ̫ˡ
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Ʒͣ½Ų׼֮ʱһЦ漴˵Ķ֮УԶԶںˡ
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ϼһ赭дȫԼüͷ΢΢塣
֣ܰһɲ״¶һĨЦݡ


164 ʶң
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ֻǴŮΪȷԼӣƺʶԼ˼Ҳ벻ԼʱŮӡ
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ǰͻȻԼչһЦľɫСŮֻЩͷۡ
ʱڳܰǳǳЦҾ֪㲻ܰץߵġ
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166 ǿ
ǹ԰ħ糱ˮ㻺ǿѹҲ·˵ע⣬¼ɲĿ⣬Ͷ˹ȥ
ȻԶƷ˶ѰˣȻҲǼΪһ۱Ƽ˰ħؿ֮ʺȭӡ²ɵý΢΢һƷǿĿ΢Щ
ǰһ̬ܰһȻı飬һиûʲôֵúþȵġ
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Ǵ˷ѹɫҲԽأ°ħʵǰˮ廹ҪҪǿһЩʶУǰħΪʵǿ
ȻЩڰħͻȻΪȴ֪ħΪȴȻһǿߣҪǣûдӰħϸֿܵԲ
ǿߵϢ쳣ϤᣬϽĽӴһʮֿ϶ġ
ˣȻһεսҪԵĶ֣ʷǿߣȴȻη塣
ֻŰħƵĲͶһ޷жʤͬĲǰħĶ֣Ҫȥֻ°ħס
ڵܰ˵İΣǾֻ˵Īˡ
Ͼ˺ԼûʲôϵΨһһϵܰҲֻǺżӵĹϵ
ΪһԼʶŮӶԼ
һиӵ˼֮ԺһỺĿӴ֮зٴ˲֮Ȼëбӿ
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ڰħĲ죬ȴҲֻǲϵĴ߶õǳӯȵ֮еÿһ缡֮¡
ǰİħͻȻǣǲԸǰ¶Լʵ
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ϵϢƷʮϤĸоֻһʱᣬȴ޷ֱ
ӣҲðħƤ˶ɭһЦȻһһӰ֡ΣȴȰ㣬Ȼǰ
ͻȻǰİħҲͫ΢΢һİħٶȣȻ¡ħǰʱºȫʱٶ޼
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ᣬħҲδ׷ϾҵۣųǰЦ˵ǿǰһֶζõġ
ɫһΣӶ˳֮糱ˮӿǹ֮С
ۻעɫ׹âڶ
Ҫôֹħüͷһɿݴңң׼ᣬҺɫķۡ
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鶯޼
޼ɹǿѧһ̱ʩչ
ź쳹ʣһʮӴĴǹâȻ֮ⱬֱǻƿռ䣬ŰħӶȥ
ͫмٷŴǹâħͫ΢΢һһȡ
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ƷĿע£̺żֲĹǺȻײһ̶̣ըʱ羪װ쳹˫Ŷݵʧϡ
ǵصײħ΢ӣӦķλ֮ʱɫͽȻһ䡣
ڰħɫɲǣһӰȻɢӶһ˲ǳǰǰۻȭͷֱֱĶ˹ȥ

ԷȻֱӴ湥ħŭЦһ̽Ϊ׵ıǽȭͷץסȻƽӴȭͷ֮ʱȴץ˸ա
ڰħΪ˶˲ʧʱһмŨɱľ磬Ȼ֡
ű󾢷֮ǿħжʱӿһĨҪأĹȴһ˲䣬һ̣ħʹתͷ㿴һһĨЦᡣ
׺Ĺʵʵĺ˰ħĺ֮ϣ£һ̺󣬿
ûзŹ˴ûᣬ󣬰ǿֱӴӡ֮͸
ɲǼ䣬ǰһİħǱ̴ᾢı屻ݺݵ棬һƬ̳
һ˦Ѫ˦ɣ̶£ǰħصĵط۵ĮؿڵͼҪİħȴûа֮顣


167 ж
ȿȣ
һǹ̴ħڵϲĿţѪһ𣬽ԭŤӱø
㵽ʲôˣӵĬĬ֮ˡħһ˫ɭȻĵضᣬʵ
ৣ
һǹ̶סħʺ֮˵ѾҪˣֺα֪ôࡣ
ҰħǶˣжҪɱңЩΪɲͣȻúúõģƾҲɱңħͻȻ״˵
Ŀһ̶ɫһ䣬׵ش̴˰ħʺȴûгǹĸоǴڿ֮С
ʱڵϵİħͻȻðһɺ̶ᣬһһ߰˲ֹͣ
ɰħһʵ̫֮⣬첻֮£մ˲ٺ
վ֮ħڵĵطȥʱﻹаħӰӣֻһմѪĲסϵãǰħϵ·
˹һĻʵЩ𾪲ѣʱһ˻д޾ɭȻ˷˹
Сӣ֮ҰħˣշϷֹıɣ
ϸֱ棬ȴ޷Ǵﴫһջ벻ϼһﾹȻ˽ƻȻˡ
ʩչĹƣȴʼ޷Ūװħô
˼Ƭ̣ûеõκͷֻεķһĵˣЩоպȻħ
ǸʱǸǻǾֻպ֪
ʰתͷܰ˵ķȥĿܰϡ
ͷ̶üͷʵǡʶ
ܰĿϣһС˵ĺΣ貵Ĵת˼Ȧⷬ󣬲һʧ䣬̶С΢ţһµһɽĲ漴˳
ߣʶ
⡭ԸܵܰеԲԣֻǴ˿Ҳ֪Ҫ˵ЩʲôֻԵؿܰ
ܰһԱģеȥ룬˵ȴȻһ䡣
ԭʱһֱûκͻȻ΢΢ŤһɺȻĺ漴ӣĺ˳Ƿĸջ
һƺߣһӣһʹץסؿڣָ֪ǷΪʹȣյ÷ס
⡭Ǹղǹɺ˲Լ巢ʲô顣
û뵽ǸħȻһ֣Լʵ̫͹
ʵ̫ԵһڱѸ֫ٺҺϢǰûκη
ʱǽ׽ң˼Σڵʹ
һֻ̣Լȫ˺ѷΰʹռݣʶ˲㱻ʹȡֻǰһģһת
ҡҡ׹ᣬܰǹ˲ȹڣһس˹úƷ״һ㶣̶ǽ
һ˫ֲסᣬܰһʵôˣ
աղŵġ˵꣬һգʱʧȥκ֪
ʦôˣһԺʵ
ܰǾ仰ϸع۲ɫ뵽ǰһУжʱ˹
Ʒʦ֣ˮǻжԶָֻܰһĮֻ͸¶һĨȴΡ
Ʒܰϵᣬмֱʵ÷񣬸ûпǵԼСǱȣֻһˣǾò
ܰʻƷҲòֻʮֲԸش֮ǰٶȣֻʱɵִ
Ȳôˣʦ㣬ҴһԼɡ
ǣʦáû˵ʲôܰȴǲ˵꣬صŵ漴һչһѾӳõߡ
ÿܰʧӰӣԼǰһеģ΢΢¶һĨЦתۼţһԵƷûз֡
֪˶ãʶԻָЩֻǵҪŬȴȫûа˿جج֮УֻһϮһ޹ǵϲͣظš
ֻ֮ڵʹһ֣оԼԽȣһůС֮𣬹֫ٺ˵
˯е̲סһˬ漴ԭϲ϶ŪСֱ뿪塣
ʧ֮࣬ӶһΪȵ֮ϣܹܵһʮϴӣʮ顣
һֵΣƺһɫŮǰȥϵ֮ЩʧͬŮһŮĸ֮¡
󣬵ŮҪ뿪֮ʱûһʧ䣬ҪסŮӣȴʼò
һ󽹼ʱʶͨͨصϣȻӣ˼شһ
ߣ
ǴӴֱ΢΢ʱԼ˿һ仪֮С
Χİ裬Ӧһͷ
ʲôطô⣿Щã
漴ͷ㷢Լϵﲻ֪ʱѾһɾ·
΢΢һ£ǰ漴Ժ֮Уǵǰǰħһҵս
ȻǰħȴƻߣʱԼһ˶Էĺ
뵽ǺһæԼһȴǷ֣ԼﻹʲôĴڣԼΪƺһֱͣͲǰ˲ٵǿ
ҪǣʶһĨʼոеģƺ˼֡
ô£дΪ⡣
ǵǰǺ룬ֻգ۵Ĺʧȥʶôһͳ׻ָˣ
ˣԼΪ˲١
Ҫǣ˭Ұģ
ϸ˼£뵽ıǰܰˣ£ɿ߳䡣
ʧǣ˰죬ȴûҵ˵Ӱ漴¥СһʣԼȻѾ˯ʱ䣬еĿĵˮǡ
Ѿʣһʱ䣬ԼӦǸϵϡ
ѯһȴûдκõ飬˭ԼģСͬ
СߣصУػ֮ǰһУԽԽǲףгֵŮӣƾŬĻ룬޷Ůӵò᲻ɴʧ


168 𾪵Ʒҩ
ˮλƵ۹вһͳƹӵĳûر˵ĵط
յˮǵĸֵȴﲻԭֻٰὫڽڴչ
ڽֵϣ洦ɼŸʽҩʦԼҽߡ
ڴϣ̧һɨʮба˸ϾʮŨϢ
ЩпӰȻ֮ͬʱиǶһ˿ϣ
Ϣһҹ֮Ѿ֮ǰʱѹ˰ħͶŵĺ֮飬ʵҲǺͿȫ׷ʲô顣
ЩҪһָоŪģгֵǸŮӣԼȻˣῴӦͬһˡ
ɵȻǰнܰŮӡ
ǰ˵̸ƺ˴εĿͬˮǣò˶ãǱ
һ߻ţһ߸˭ˮ㳡֮ϣĿڡ
ʱΪ죬ųĸ˻Ḻ𿼺ǰҩʦҽߡ
֮ͨ󣬶һ֤֤ͨμᡣ
Ź㳡֮Ϊ龰üͷ΢壬˿пôˣҪȵʲôʱ򣿡
ǹ۲һᣬ㳡֮ϵԽԽ࣬ûмٵļ룬һʱ䣬ҲһʱԱת뿪ǡ
صǸʱӦòӵˡ
ȻҪǣղڹ㳡ϷϸѰһȴûҵܰõӰ
΢΢ЩʧиһɻѵˮǲμģǣƷ֮⣬ȷʵܹŮϸܵһɲϢ
죬ˮĴй䣬ܷܰˣȴǴʧ
Ҳ֪ԼΪζֻһܰ˹ȴָоƺԵ֮ܰ䷢һЩΪ֪顣
ʲôȴʼ޷
Ҫһ㣬ǻǸʵ̫ʵʵþҲֲλʵˣŻִŵҪ֪ࡣ
ܿ죬˵ĵѾ˹㳡֮ϣǰգҩʦҽԵҪࡣ
ûãֵᡣ
˿̣ǰһü׷ߣһɵİɫ·ؿӡһöصӡǡ
ϸ˼ۣӡĺȻһʮֹŹֵ¯¯̣ͨ¯ϷûиӣֻһöƵĵҩӡʮ־ϸ˿ȥʵĸо
һöССӡǾȻǿ档
ˣҲμε𣿡
ǰ֮ʱ΢΢ɨᣬ̶ƽʵ
ԣǻع̶˵ͷ˵ǵģʴ˴ο˵Ŀʲô
ҩʦߣߵʵ
ҩʦ
ߵ˵ͷ˵ǾͰƺõĵҩңҹĿֻҪƵĵҩͨο˵ı׼ͨˡ
ʵڿ˵ĿÿһἸһһʹϷ֪ղֻٴȷһѡ
˵ҲֱӴӻͳ׼õѪݸߡ
΢΢ɨеСУŴɢŨҩ㣬΢΢˵ͷ˵Ũҩ㣬֤֮еĵҩƷϵĵҩ
ߵĻаһδҩƾҩжϳⵤҩƷҲԵеˡ
СУ˲һɸΪŨҩ㣬˲һֱӣ̼Щ
ǵҩģ漴ǲԾüͷ
еöҩһͷһҡͷҲ˵ǸʲôӦ
վǰɻؿߵķӦ΢΢Щë
аԲ²֮ʱȻ̧ͷ͸һĨ⣬ʵˣⵤҩƵģ
Ȼʲô𣿡ش
ҡҡͷ̶üͷʵҵľӦһöƷѪûɣ
˼Һ۹⣬ȷʵһöѪЦ˵
㲻Ҫάңˡ׾öҩȥȷʵѪ⣬ֻ۴ӵҩ̥â䱾ɢҩ㣬ôһöƷҩ
˶٣߼̶˵ȷе˵ӦһöƷҩŶԡ
Ȼ֪һУҲûдΪܹͨˣ漴ʵ˵ûѪȻǰ䷽ϵĲƣеļζѾ滻õķı䡣
⡭˵ģԣͻȻЩ
Ŀ˽׶Σ߼ĵҩЩʲҩʦһ־ƷƷĵҩЩЩľ
ͬģȻҲֻ֪һ򵥵Ŀˣʱ䲢ʲô˾ϲ֡
˿öѪȴǸ˲Сĳȷе˵Ӧղһߵʵ̫
ͬϷڵ֪Ĺһߴ˿öѪ˫֣̲סò
һ˵ĸˣĶɻ˹
֣ôˣʲô飿
һͬµߣߣǼߵļ򣬿ᣬʵ
ֵ߼״ߵ֣˵أʲô
ɻؿƵöѪ̶ĵ˵һöƷѪʲôϡģҸ˵ոиҩʦһ־Ʒϻ𵤣ҿϻ𵤵ƷʺɫϼѣڽᣬȻһı֡
ϸʲôϻ𵤺öҩƨּԼķ֣ɱ˴ֿڡ
ԣ㶣ǺټԼĺʧ̬ɶǿѪۡ
Ȼһ˫ͻȻЩ˼ضöССҩ裬˵⡭ǡ
˳ԾģֲɵЦЦ̶˵𾪰ɣ
죬ң⾿ôһ£
ԣûмθڣǽ򵥵Ľ˱顣
֮ǽصһ˫۽ǰ᲻ţģƺһֻɿڵķ򣬺޲ͽȥ
ҪͷһʵģԼɷһƤ
ͷж֮ɣжشš
˵ܷͨˣСʵ
ܣ
ͷعͬػش


169 ȫ
ܣ
ͷعͬػش
ʱüͷʵΪʲôѵƷҩ޷ͨ𣿡
ɫΪһʼ𿼺߱㼱æ˵СӲҪģѪѾƷҩķΧ˵ģԼ䷽
飬ǧΪ˵ˡֱԣǱһѯʣ֤ʵѪǳ֡
ǵ˼ǲңüͷøʵ
СӲҪᣬǴĹ涨ҲΪ㣬Ѫʵ̫⣬֮ᣬͨͬܵ˹ٵɣԡһԽصЦŽ͵
ⷬ΢΢̾˿漴˵ðɣ֪ˣôģֻ¾˵Ҳţֳһţ𣿡
ҪƵҩ϶ʱЩΪѣ˵һöƷϵĵҩǸ߼ҩʦҲҪһһҹĹ⡭
õģֻһʱ㹻ˡᵭЦ
һʱ
ʱߵѾ˵ĹעĿ˹٣ǻδȥҩʦҽߡ
˿һ仰Ⱥͬըһ㣬׷
ֻ󲿷ֿĿŨŨɺͲм
ܹ˲μˣȻһ԰ı£˵ܹһʱ֮ڱƺһöƷϵĵҩ˵Ц
ܹһʱ֮ڱƺһöƷҩǿ߼ҩʦ飬ҩʦбװ쵽
ǰῴģᣬʮͷȻûΪһҩʦ
ΧͶмͱĵĿ⣬ֻǵһЦᣬʵҲҡֻǺͨεĿˡ
˵Ҫ䷽ȻҲԸ⣬ԴӽӴ֮Ѿףһŵҩ䷽ǸƷĵҩ䷽ֵԶԶǼöƷѪȵġ
һ䷽һֻµĸȻɵɱȡѵİ׳Ϊ
ˣ᷽žֳһöƷѪ֤Լ
һ²Ĳٹ鼮Ȼ֪Լܹһʱ֮һöƷѪ˿ǲܰ쵽顣
İ쵽ˣɻ䶯
Щ˵ʲôǰЩҵΪԼĲƷֶܹ治С
ܹܹһı֣δļƻȻġ
Ѿˣ֮󣬱ȥһУһҪƷǵҩͱ
棬ԵٶȣŵϷӶԼȻܹɣʱϷӵļˣһȻõġ
棬ԭǼƻһЩҩʦų档
ʾ츳ȻҪϾһ߼ҩʦļ۸ʮְģƳĵҩ˽֪ûʲôرĵط
ڲһˣڵҩ䷽ʶȣʹżǿҵš
ֻٸһʱУʱȻܹͬȼֵƳЧõĵҩ
ԣںԼǷעĿܵԽ˵Ĺעδ̻зչԽҲǸЧӦɡ
Ƶ۹Ҳݱ¶֮ʲôĺ޼ɹٹݣǾ͸ûκ⡣
ȣֻڱȻ˹ע
򣬾ı¶Ҳ統ǰĵ
ĿģȻı˱źͲεĿУóЯ¯ȻɿĽǰϵݷУʮ죬ü޷塣
һܹ֪Ķ䷽ʲôҲһֱܴʩ˰ɡ
˵Ŀ֮УỺͨļһ˲ֱʶ¯֮С
һᣬ¯ıѾͨ죬һ̰ŵҩ
˼ĶסǰǻɻǲмˣǱһס
ԭܼ򵥣һҩʦƵҩḶ́ҩܽɵҺҪѵʱС졣
ʵһ̿ȡҩʦ磬ΪԽһɵȻԽ죬ܹ˿ٱһģֻҲֻҩʦ
ҩʦΪͬеĵߣɴ˱ɷӦѾﵽ˵֮
ڷֵһ֮ԭЩųЦͲмΧߣɫʱиޱȡ
һ֣Ѿ磬ǷܹƳɹƾһΪ㲻ΧЩܹȵˣȻл˶Դ˲ûб̫𾪣ֻһٶܹͬ
һźɫۣʮˣʱվ۲ᡣ
֮ĵһ֮ʱޱüͷ΢΢һ漴¶һĨѰζЦݣȤʵȤᶨȻ֡
ΧķӦ˿ȫȻûע⵽óС¯һѾͶڵ¯֮С
¯Ѿҩˮ˫Ŀһ̶һɺȻ¯֮С
¯˲΢΢¯ڵ¶漴Ѿҩ֭ĵҺ¯Ĳͣķš
΢΢һճһֻ͵¯Ķ֮ϣͣ¯˲䰲ͨʶȻԿ¯ڷĵҺһģ͵һţ漴ͣת
һж˵Ѿᳵ·Ÿ߼ݵĸӴ֧ţʮţһƶȻܹɹ
ʱúܿ죬˱𾪺ͲĿ֮£һʱʱѾӽʱһֱֲᣬ˫ͽȻһ˫΢̶˫ִһƣ¯ͬһ֣Ĳٿţڰвͣķ
һֽס¯֮ճ͵ڰһƣ¯Ķ˲䱻Ʒɿ
˵Ǵ¯ƮһŨҩ㣬ڳʦȻҩζʲô
ˣһʱ಻٣λǷҪһ£Ц˵
һ԰Ͳס߼æߵǰֻ۾ض¯΢΢Ŀâĵҩ
ֿž棬ոճ͵Ѫ¶һĨ𾪣Щ͵ĳˣȻƷҩ̫˼顭
ֵĻΧΧ۵˽Ǳһ̾ĵͺ
벻ǰ˾Ȼһʱ֮ƳһöƷҩ˵Ǵﵽʦľ磿
ȴǴδ½Ϻʱһҩʦ
һʱ䣬˷׷׿ʼȴ֪һʱԽʮء
𿼺֣һ֮عв͸һ󼤶漴˵ããȻΪεĿͨˡ
漴ֽһö͹ӵ˹ȥ˵ʸ֤ǵպãƾֳ
ӹ壬̶΢΢ЦЦȥֻһĪıӰ


170 ͨ
գεգƣůԳȣż֮߳еõ˲Щˬĸо
գˮǵһʢ£һᣬڽգĻ
ԴһĨͻƴصʷƾõĳ֮ʱĽֵ֮ϣǿʼҩʦ۵Ӱ
Щݸ߹ְҵƽճƼΪǵǿԼױȵҪԣԣҩʦڳ˵УԵúЩ뾴ηգЩλ߹ҩʦȴϳһ㣬Ӵ½ĸЪ֮ϵķӵȻǵ·߲ͬǵյ㣬ȴǴڳ֮еĹĹ㳡
ˮ֮е̣ŶǱ磬˴ů͵ıȻվڴſڣЩҴææڽֵ֮ϵĴȺҩʦĿУŻ뾴η
Ϊһµᣬˮһ֮У𱩵ʱڡ
ƽѵһҩʦҽߣȴǵصԾŹģ֣׳۵ĳҲֻеٰᣬܹƼ
Ҳͬ˴ڴ֮ϰĵϢһʱңü״̬۷󣬷Ż
ɢŤŤӣž΢΢ЦЦǰˮǵ㳡
·ĿŴ֮ϲҩʦɵ̾ᰡҲֻʢᣬпܽ۹֮ڵЩҩʦٻǲ֪ܷСҵҽİ취
ֳʱ㳡ѾΪĳֵҲ˲ٵ֮Իȫһ֣ʵ˼̡
ȻЩûô⣬ĿĴſھļҩʦɨȻǻ˽ȥ
Ĺ㳡ԣȵŮǣЦЦţݵߣͶڹ㳡֮ϵЩҩʦҽϣЩڻ䲢ҳŻŮ˵ضҩʦԼӵֻشҽߣһ㣬ǵߡ
ʱҩʦЩͯеӣõŮǴĵɴ˿֪ҩʦΪĴ½֮ϣӵźָ߹ĵλ
֮У뼤飬ˮԵùׯϵϢϴõȻ޴棬ųɼ飬ƽ࣬ҲĵļһγɫɵֻǸˣֻҪˣбżĽģǳķܶΪ˳ɹֲи
㳡֮УƵǼǱڣ᲻ɵεҡҡͷ̶һչȺ뺣һ㣬Ĵš
һϵߣսʵȻҪϲ٣Щһרעҩʦսÿ
Ȼǽһ׵඼֮ϣԸһȻη壬ĸ֮ʱԵЩˡ
һٶ㳡ҩʦҽֻһ󾢷ɨǵ۴ޱң뿴ôһ֮ʱȴֻһĨģĲӰһ
ӲǰˣŲһ̤˹㳡֤֮³һתͷȴһȺҩʦɲԵĴ
ͣ½Ų֮һ۱㿴վǰ漸ݵĵˣո𿼺֣ԼĺضϺȻС
ĳֺ֣ؽһ㶣ò֮·Ӧ¶һĨЦݣº͵˵Сһԭ㣬û뵽㲻һϵΪҲڳˣʵڲ֪̳ܵܳĵӡ
ϿˣֻЩСˡᵭЦ˵
һԵ̬ȣа޲ˣ׿Խʵڣȴֲ꣬պسɴ
˼ˣ۾Ц˵ˣСһǴ˴Ḻ֤ݵܣԱλҲεĸ塣ȻͨˣչأǰƽҹĿɡ
˵ͷӻͳһöֱƵȥֻɨһۣ˵ˣɣСһľٰص㣬ɲ
Щɻ󣬵Ҳûʣܳȥ
Сһıʵ̫˴һˣδһµĴʱ䣬Ԥףкõı֡ЦĵյĲԣỹڴ
ǺǣƣҲֻܾΪ
΢΢һЦܵʾ֮ѾˣȻյһ˶Էע⣬ԴҲų⡣
Ͼô˵ҲǵˣܹΪĸ֮һôڵеĵλҲ̫͡
ܹ͵һ㽻飬Ȼ޺Ȼܾ
һεĴᣬصҵΪ⽨ĵ㳡ϣˣȫṩδҪĹģ߼䣬ЦŽ˵ͳƣһͨǰտ˶׼μӴҩʦӦǧˣ⼸һΡ
ǧˡĿõ̲סЩ࣬Ҫ֪ҩʦΪ̣˵֮ΪǧһһҲΪǧˣѾƼ˴½ҩʦ˰ɣ
ҽأ漴뵽㣬ȻδᱻΪᣬͬҲҽ߲μӣȻҽ֮ıȻǱ
ЦЦеɻ󣬵߲ͬҩʦҩʦΪϡ٣ǽһطдᣬҩʦҽߣδǰ󶼻ý뵤ʸ񣬵ʱӱܼǡ
ԭˣҪǧ֮ӱȡǰѶʮ־޴ġпЦ
ܶԼһӣЩգ֪Ӵһ£ؾͲı顣
ͻȻԴ̶˵ˣ˺´Ĺ򣬴ֳɼֿˣÿһεĿˣͽɸ²ˣԽ󣬿ѶԽܹģĹھ
š΢΢˵ͷǧͬһ㳡Щǹ׳ģǼΪİɡ
˵䣬ܴһûκر֮ʯǽǰ
ɻؿܣʵʲô
ۺӣЦļ򣬼̶˵ҵԳǧķչģȷʵʮ֮󣬵ҩʦҽߣҲְ֪ҵԶˣȴĿ⣬Ϊܹ֤İȫԵʮأҪ뵤ֻҪͨһתռ䡣
˵㣬ʾ⡣
̶ܼ˵ڣóʯǽϰһ£뵤򡣡
еƣʯǽ΢΢һ
ţһ͵Ĺâʯǽ֮Ͷգ۱㽫
漴ֻһΪܵѣᵹҲûз
ǹļǿһ˲ӱ㱻ʯǽ֮УӰ


171 ҩʦ
һĿĹâסߣһжָƽ֮ڻصϡ
̧΢һɨִᷢ˿ѾվĵطĿȥܿеĵ㳡Ҳ𽥵ĳ֮ڣĿ֮Ȼֻܿ㳡Ӵıɽһǡ
ʱĹ㳡֮⣬ԴڴάִᣬƼ˷Ȼ󲿷ҩʦҽߵҲԵģǧһɧӴĵֻҲܵ޴ĳ˵Դ˿ǼΪСĵġ
ЩǵĵԼһǧˡ
Щ΢ɨвɰզ࣬Щ˵Ϊ̫ߣ󲿷ֶڽ֮õҲֻ֮Ϊ
һǧ˵Ǿ޷ӵģᷢЩĺƵʮЭƺһǧվһһһ
ֻһͣǾһǧȻֻнҵΪǧǳɼα
ܿ죬һ󲨶ܵӰ漴󣬼ĿͶǧϣ΢΢һЦ˵ҪСһǧǿǵķѼ۷ĵӣֻһǧǾͨȺսϻ֮˵ڵ£ֻ»Դ
аޣʢѾõĴڣȻǿƴ˵ǰ
תһ룬Ҳûеģ֮жһЩͨҩʦԼ߳ҽߡ
ӴĵҩԼҽļǱı£ҪһȥҲʲô¡
ܵĴ죬Ἰû˿谭ıǽ˹㳡߹һ볡ĸ£ȻްһӴĹ㳡ȫչ¶֮С
վ¶ӴЩ׵ʯ㳡̲סҡͷ̾
㳡ƳԲΣڹ㳡ߣϯλӦøһЩõϯλɡ
ĿɨޱȵĹ㳡֣ᷢоȻķֲǧʯ̨Щ̨£ӦڷŵüΪһȥ紣ʯһ㡣
ڴʱĹ㳡УѾŲٲμӴҩʦǰʯ̨֮ʯϣȴűʱĵʱƣԽԽҩʦͨӿȻȡĿƣѰԼλá
̧ͷһɫЦ뿪ˣῪʼһʱ䣬Ժú׼¡
ţлҲĵ˵ͷ˵
뿪֮ỷܣӴһµʱ䣬˸һʶ
ЩĵɴఴϵĺҵԼλãǰʯ̨ḧ˼£ԱϯضϢ
֪˶ãһ漴쳹㳡ѭȥǰһϯλ֮ϣһˡ
⸱ͻȻЦЦĸо龰ǰֱٰʱ쵼ĳһ
ӭԸصҩʦǰ׾Ǵ˴δĸˣҴӭλĵ
һһԭĿҩʦ̲סһ󾪺̶һֵ
ǰ׾벻δᣬȻ֡
ʮǰΪ½Ϊʦİ׾ԭһֱڵ֮УѹʮûκϢ
׾ĿŸ̨֮һ۵ӣԱ˵ۣƺ׾Ǹʮ˲
ߣԭǸʲôļһ治֪ô£׾ʶҲ֮ͨǰĿˡ
ƫͷȥ˵֮һʮΪӡ
ʱżĵĿ⿴ᡣ
üͷ΢壬ȻղӵǷ˵Լ֮ǵɨһۣҲᡣ
Ӽ᲻˵ϵĳ֮޼ɵ˵ôģĴῼ˿ɲǰǰ򵥣ЩɱŽҶûƾʵˣֻڵһ־Ҫ̭ˡ
ͬӬ㷳˵üͷ΢壬̶ߵһߣԶ˵Ļε۲Ĳ
ƽʱȻֺúýѵһ¶Է˿̴ἴʼɲΪԼһʱ嶯ʲôʡ
ֻƬ̸УŪվڸ̨ϵİ׾
ԭ֮еΪһˣһ뻯Ѿﵽҩʦľ硣
ңֹˣ׾Ѿﵽҩʦľ磬Ϊʵǿߣеĵڶ֡
ڵǿߣ֮ףֻλһǿߣȴ˼Ӱ֮˷׷ײ²Ķ
û˼ǵϣ׾ΪȻĿǰĵһ֣ҩʦԼϵݣɴ˿ɼδᣬѾʾδӳ̶ȡ
Ű׾쳹ȫӰĽл
Ӱ׾ĽУ֪Ⱥ˸ǰıǵλϣȽϲǣû뵽ⵤ֮ϣȻһλŮӡ
ɫۣŵĽߣΧҩʦУ֪ŮѾԵ̣ģȴʮͷһ㡣
ĳ漴˲˵Ŀ⣬Ȼ֪֮Ȼв۵ļһʲôͷ˿Ŀ⣬Ǵһ˿ء
ʮֲ⣬ͬҲȻų֮ôܵ˶˵ľء
ǼλһЩĴЩǶһȻȴ޼ɹ
޼ɹλڳȻһ㲻Щ飬ܹ뵽ЩһˣԱķ
оЩȻζ֮ʱȺͻȻһɧ
᲻Եس̨Ȼ֣֪ʱһżΪŮȻվڸ̨֮ϡ
΢΢һֻһͷ˿аͷƮ裬°üһ˫ۺͦıӣ΢΢죬ε촽ѩЦ񣬹ѩɫһ̫ʣһ̫ݡ
˾ɫƺĸ߹ʣǲ֮ǰκŮӡ
찡ѩƹôˣ
֣ᷢΧҩʦŮӵĿǴһ˿˿ͰĽ֮ɫ
ѩƹѵǱɫ˫ѩƹЩȵ뵽
Ԫ½Ҳнʱ䣬½һЩ飬֪һ㡣
ѩƹĴǾ𣬾ɫ˫ŮӣǶѩƹмӡ
û뵽λ˴似Ĺ£ȻᣬҲѹΧȺҩʦʧ̬
ֻλݸ߹Ĺ˾ʲôĿģһɻ


172 ѩƹĿģ
ѩƹֻ֮΢΢ͷʾ£û˵ߵԼλ档׾״Ҳûоֻ֣ǵЦѩƹǷǴ˴ǰõҵ͡
׾ĻʱһҩʦľԾٰδҲУһε۹Ȼѩƹ˹ʵΪѽ⡣
˽Ƿ׷ײ²⣬ǻҵ͵ʲôѵǰѩƹйأ
΢ѩƹֻۣ߾ϯλϣ³ӺݻϢʼձһǳЦһ˫貵شɨֻ΢΢ͣƬ̣תƵط
ûзʲôر֮ҲջĿ⡣
ѩƹƵ۹ĻңȻͬѰȻѾôҲζһἴʼ
˵ѩƹΪγ⣬һ㲻Ƕֵ飬ҲϽΪλҾȻ˹ҿ׳һ鵭ȻģƺԴһ㶼԰
ô˵ҵ׳ϲһ򶼶ԻûкøУɴ˿̾ȻԸѩƹһѵѩƹ֮󣿡
꣡Ǳ˵ĺãֻר׼ǣС˵鷳
ҩʦ˽漴ĿͶѩƹԣֱıǽյĵеΨһŮϡ
һȻѩƹֱߣһۣݻ߱׳ˡ
Ǿǵ׳ϣ
Χ˵Уǵõ˲ٹڴ˵һЩ¼˵ƽռٳڵ򣬶ǰĴ
ˣڵ׵ʹڰ׾Ҳй֮޲ģʹǰ׾ףҲҪͿִ֮ԭܼ򵥣׾δ֮ǰ׶չ˲ٰ˵֪֮ҲΪ
ֹǰ׾ڵ֮Уɾͼߵĵӣа϶ܹ׵ָ㡣ˣȻٳڵ֮Уȴ˶侴мӡ
üͷ΢΢ӻ⣬ɫףĿЩ죬˵λߣʵӦǱĴɡ
ǲĿעӣһƽ͵׺ȻתͷãȻĿͶߣƤϣ¶һĨЦݡ
Ƶתͷλ˶ܳӵߣҲ΢΢Щ壬΢΢Ƿ˸
׼״Ŀ΢΢һ٣̶Цŵ˵ͷջĿ⡣
˵û뵽ȤСһ˲űһ찡
׳˵˭أһԵѩƹԣǳЦʵ
һȤˣҸоһɺϤϢոտһۣȻܹڶӱҸܵɼСһﲻ򵥡׵Ц
ѩ˳׵Ŀȥµҩʦʵ̫࣬ѩƵҲ޷ᣬֻջĿ⣬漴˸˵λҪо׳ϵİ³ɣʱѩƶȻ𡣡
˰֣׵˵Ѿͷ֪ҲϲףҪǿϣҵӻˣҶȻӦʲô𣬾Ͳˡ
ѩЦ˵ƶ֪ˡ
΢˵ͷױ㲻˵µؿᡣ
ʱ߶Ὺʼʱ䣬ҲĿ֮£
һڹ㳡֮֮ʱȻž
ڶǻ״ϯվȻ󻺲ϯǰ棬Ŀɨ·ʯ̨֮ǧҩʦǣʱǧҩʦҲ̧ͷηĿ⣬Ͷλڵ˵ҩӵžˡ
վڹϯǰ̨ͷܶĹ㳡κЦڣеĲߣ׼ɡ
ǧҩʦ׼
վڹʯ̨֮ǰĿɨ̨ϣʯ̨֮ϣĵһҩģҩ֮ǰһűֽţ⣬ʯ̨֮ǰǶһ壬΢˸š
˳ùֽĿɨɨЩȻķ֣⾹ȻһƷҩ䷽Ҫ֪ܹѡμӴ˴δģҲǸ߼ҩʦ
һƷҩڳЩ˸ûκѶȡ
̶ϸһʱЩҩֻĽҩķȵһЩȥģ塣
Ҳ˵ⱡֽصĶֻµƷϸڵȵȣȻȫҪԼȥգõƵҩʧʣߵһֲĵز
õ᳹ģʯ̨ڷŵҩģֻݵҩķҲ˵ÿˣֻεʧʣڽҩȫĺȻûƳƷĵҩôԣʧˣʧܵĽ֣˳
ȻǵٰᰡѶȻ治һĴ󡣡űֽЦҡҡͷתͷֺܶҩʦ϶Щ⣬ƫͷֱǰˣƽ࣬΢üͷϸϸĶűֽصһЩָ⡣
һﵹЩ£ʲô֮аš
ע䷽֮ϣֻҲĿͶעֽȥĿˣδģˣлһЩ
ϾҲǰ·ˣӴһ£ڵҩ̶ȻΧˣᾹȻŹֵĿ⣬ҲѶȣǸἫĺô
ĻȻ޷ᲢۣǽĶԵҩг̶ȣ䷽ûȷдݵķҲ
޴Ĺ㳡֮ϣв߶űֽ¶ֱϸϸĶţһʱ䣬㳡ѻȸ
ķΧ˽СᣬһȻڹ㳡֮쳹
вߣǲԼͬķƷһУʱ䣬ǧɫ״ͬĶ¯ͻأĳʯ̨֮ϡ
Щ¯״죬ɫͷףиһЩǼΪ֮Щɲ˸̨˵Ŀ⡣
Ще¯ԵЩᣬȻͬɫâΧ˱Եʮְ޹⡣
ʵҲܹᣬϾŽӴһ£ԭ¯Ҳ֮ãʱȴǻ֪֪һõ¯ĳɹżߵġ
һԣǰˣᾹȻóһöͨ¯еļ֮Ũ
мƲƲ죬˱ջĿ⣬ٹעᡣ
΢ӵҲĿɨ·ƽ쳹ÿһ˵ĶߣҲһЩһֵĿˣҪⲻôҩƳƷĵҩÿλᣬ֮󣬵ҩδƳɹôʯ̨֮ϵ壬Զȥһ˳
ǣˣ΢Ц
ǣ·㳡ǰװ㣬ϡ
Ȼˣôһֿˣڣʼ


173 춦
վʯ̨֮ǰὫеǶͨ¯ƿһ㣬ڵûкҩʦһ̽ƣǰűֽ΢üͷϸжЩȿϡ
ĥѿ񹦣ỹףֻΣκһʧܡ
οҪƵĵҩһΪڵƷҩ˼壬һЩصĵҩԵĵҩһ˵̫
ƻڵܹҪҩģƷҩУҲ㼫ķֻڵǵóҩԼʹЩʶҩҩʦȻڵЩеİ
һǴϾŽӴһµʱ䣬ҩļʶȻˡ
Ȼ˵ҩ廨ţϡŹ֣ν;ͬ飬ЩҩƵĴ磬ֻ࣬Ǹӳ̶ȲͬѣֵҩҲǼķֻҪҩʵʲܹ˳ϵڵƷ
ԣʹҩֻǸҩʱҪעĶֻҪ˳ŸоĻӦûܹɹġ
һ˵ϲκˡ
ֽϵȫϸļУỺĿƬ̺󣬷һֽ̨ϣתͷִ󲿷ҩʦѾڴ߶ʼˡ
ǰˣһͥģ˫Ŀŵעе¯
е¯ͣһ۱ֵܿƣ¯Ϸĵ⣬˻Ũ񼸷֣һ㣬˵
Ҫ֪һõ¯һҩʦҪԣֱӵıܹҩʦɹʣŵ֣洦ɼ¯ʵƷεģһ΢Щݵҩʦῴһۡ
ԣóԼ¯֮ʱ̨һֱڹעЩȡ
ףСһ˼ȻҪĴʹһΪͨ¯ţ̫Դˣ
ײ˵˭һԵѩ׵ĻЩʵ
ͷѩ¿ԼһЦ˵
ѩ˳׵Ŀ⣬ߺܿѰվλõĸһ۱Ͷλϡ
ڿе¯֮ʱѩ΢΢һףЩȻ˵ǲǳ춦ô˵Ӧǡ
ѩܹϳǳ춦ȫСڻңȻʶ㡣ϳôϲ
ԣǳ˿ۣҲ¶һĨɫ˵춦ǿǳ˵ıų֮ǰһͽܣ˵ͣӵг춦ǳ˵ĸͽڤˡ
ڤǸո¶ͷǣѾǸ߼ҩʦĳڤѩС΢ţЩȵ˵Ѿӽʦľ磬׷ײ²û뵽Ȼǳ˵ĸͽѹˡ
Ϸڶʮǰǳй֮Ե˴̸ͶԵ໥һЩĵãǵõʱո̤ҩʦľ磬ʮȥҲ֪ǳ˵һʲôľ硣µ˵
ѩƶȴôΪʮǰǵĶϣݼΪ߹һѴﵽҩʦľ硣
˵ǽʵѩƿֻ¸ڵ㲥ǳ˰ɡ
ܱ׿УԵ㲥֤ǳŹ֮ɴ˿ɼǰڤȻ಻ʲô֮
ײڤΣ
׳һŵ˵ͶʮǰĳأѾþŷ洫ܹںúôĥ꣬δǰ;
Ŷܹõײⷬ߶ȵĿ϶ǳڤȷʵһ£ѹָոײһֱ۲ѩЦ˵
˭֪ҡҡͷ˵Ѿͷɾʹˣڤȷʵмֱ£Ȥȴ
ֻ˭ѩɻؿס
ǸһΪͨ¯Сһ
ѩȥĿȻ䵽ϣֻι۲Ҳûʲôر֮ȷе˵ǧҩʦУΪ۵һ
û뵽һ۵ˣȻ˴Ĺע뵽ѩµشᡣ
᲻֪ԼѾ̨˵ע⣬һԵĳڤŻڵп˲ƢΣֻ۵Ķ̬֪ȷǿ
ʱ뿼˿ʼѾȥ˲ʱʱ䡣̶̵Щʱ޴ع㳡ϣʱʱʧʧʯ̨Щʧܵҩʦǣֻѡɥ˳
ĳЩϲйоƵҩҩʦ˵ֽƫؿˣҪǵ
һ۴ǰԴضųȥһҩʦҡҡͷᣬԼȫͶ뵽˼ʼС
۵¯ذڷԼǰ˴ָ֣һһɫݣɵ붦¯֮С
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һǳɣֻö̶̼ʱ䣬ѾƻڵĲϾ붦¯֮С
Щϵıͷᶯֵһ̣ѾԶԺɡ
һЩԾòϷҩʦ˵ⷬνͬ˲˵ע⡣
ŲϾźãûͣЪǵס¯һ͵ذڶ¯ĸ֮ϣһǿͨԴԴϵش˫֮ð
׵֮羫һԾƬ֮ӣ׵ֱӱ¯ı棬˶¯֮ڣʱȵҩ֮ȼĶ¯Ѹٵš
ڵ¶ߵĳһ֮ʱ¯ڴĿǿ̽𽥵Ŀ¯ڡ
׵ǿĿ£Ϊ˳ӵѹŶ¯ڵһУû˿ķƬ֮һУʯ̨ϵһҩģǱУȻ֮׽ҩ֮ڣʱ¯ȵӿϣ֮Ѹٰ
ƻڵһҩƹ̵ʼ
۾΢üͷǿʶҩģƵҩҩĵﵽһȣʱ򴿶ȸһ㣬ߵһ㣬ᵼƵʧܣҲΪˣͳҩԵΪҪΪͳҩ涼ϸļţҩĵǸȵĽޡ
ϧڵᣬûǰ㾫׼ҩԣһУÿԼʹʶ̽š


174 ͷ
ͶҩĵĿ˲䣬ߣԾڳϵҩʦԼнܹҩʦȻŸԵһ£ЩҩʦȻأֽżȴû˿ңϣҲûκʧƵḶ́һжƿ֮аɡ
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㳡֮Ͼ޴ɳ©˽һ֮ĶԴȵ̽ҲȫɣΪˣѾһݲϣҲֻʣһᣬס
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Ϊײ࿴ɡѩԲ˵š
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175 ͻ
ԽԽҩʦƺõĻڵͶǲ֮У̹âϳ֡
һƷҩʦɫŭ˸źâ壬ĺâ㳡Ũһˣ㵵Ŀ⣬Ͷעɫϡ
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Ŀǰ߳ȥĶƷҩʦǼ䲻޵̲סЩЦãû뵽ֻҲͨǰǷͷޱȵĿˡ
ֵĲ飬Žҩʦ
ߣЩ۵ķڤеĵҩм˵
漴ڤЩζؿᣬ˵ôǼЩ˵ģҽв𣿺Ҳһˣ
ƺңʼ磬ƫͷҲעԼĳڤʱԷеǳζŨ
㣿㻹ʸֻǿûµ˶ѡڤ˵
̶ҲᣬһֽССҩӽǰĲУûǰĵģһţƺг
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ŨɫǵĹһȵ಻
ҩʦĿ˲伯˳ڤϣ̨ϵǱ˹ȥ
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˲඼ѾԽҲҡҡͷڳڤƵĿ£һöССҩ趪ڵĲ֮С
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ˣͻȻֵ⣬ò˴Ϊȡ
ڤɫЩضǰĺ⣬⡭ôܡ
ǰĺѾ˵һУǾƳĻڵĿǰΪֹЧõġ
ڤûǣոõ¯һ洦ɼͨ¯ɾų춦ƳĻڵȻ˶Է֮ǰһֱĳڤЩԽܡ
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ڤ΢飬һתͷĿĶǰ壬кȻֽ֮ĳ嶯
˵Ĳ鶼Ѿ׾ЦЦվ˵ɫȴǺȻ΢䣬зһףĿھ޴Ĺ㳡֮ɨ
ǡ۾΢Уƽоâ˸׾ɫʱЩصصƺЩԾ
ʱһֱŵͬվǰƽıѾʧȡ֮ͬһء
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һԵصؽ͵ǲҩʦԶϢĸӦǺ㳡ͻȻһζֲõԤС
׾Ĵ㳡ڵҩʦЩãȻ׾׷ʲô顣
ʮֲ⣬ʱǿĸ֪ǲʲôɫ΢䣬̶һɿس̨֮˹ȥ
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һɲǣоһɼΪԵϢ˲Լ֮УӴ׽ҡ
һңĶʱƬ̵ĽӲи߷ɵΣ漴
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ڣѩźÿüͷ˼š
һԵֺɫʱѿޱȣǳߺ޵˵Щһﲻʧ꣬Ϊ⣬Ŀʲô
ͬɻ󣬵Ȼ˿̲Щʱ򣬶ʮ˽ףֹ֪ǰĶɢֻ¹㳡ϵ˶⵽ⶾϮĽǵܳܵġ
뵽һչһ˲Ѿƾճڹ㳡Ͽա
⾿ʲô£
ῴͻȻڰգǸоԡ


176 ҩʦ
ɫĶԴԴϵĴ˷ӿ˹˲佫ڵס㳡˲Щ谵
ʱһЩδü뿪㳡ҩʦڱ֮󣬴˿̸ɫ̱࣬֫ڵء
һЩ΢ЩҩʦǼæӸԻͳһЩƿƿ޹ޣһЩ֪ĵҩС
ЩӦһЩƽĵҩϧǣǶʮְԵܷ˸ֵҩЧǲԡ
һ˲䣬ԭվڹ㳡һҩʦ˿Ѿûһܹվ
ʱ֣ᷢոձסĳڤδü˵Ҳæӻͳһöҩ˲ͶС
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ĳڤһԵᣬԭЩɫʧЩѵض˵л
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һԵԣһžϴȴۼӣǼΪѿ˵ЩһѾʧ꣬û뵽쾹Ȼٴγ֣һǶҵ֣Щһҵν֮ǡ
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ʱ׾Ѿٴλص˹㳡룬ɿߣ׾˵ϣѾ´صźܿ˹æ
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⡭׾һʣʵƿԡ
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׾˼Ƭ̶̣˵˵İ֮ϣҪ׽ǲܵ飬ΨһĽͣڵװɲ߻档
˵òҩʦ˶ҪξǱеڵӡ
ͻȻסԼ׾ͻȻ뵽ʲô˶ʱĿͶϡ
˵ʦΨһȻģǱֻᣬһȻģҲ޹ֺ˽ĿͶϡ


177 ܰ
˽ĿͶԼ΢΢һ㶣΢üͷ˵λĪڻң
ǲĿĲͷ­΢΢̧һ˸ǹâӣעǰߣ̶˵СһҪģҲڻ㣬ֻΪ˶ȴȻȻ¡
ҲҲմȾĶ٣ҵΪϸߣǵ㶾ûðɡᵭ˵
ʵԼҲ֪ԭȻ޷ش׵ɻ
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⻰ɫʱЩΪϣȻϱȲϣܹ֮λûһܷڡ
ɫǶڶо˵һӶںͶ򽻵
˵Ԫ½ϳǧϰֶҩֻ迴һۣһ£ϸϸֶأֻƬʱ䣬ദⶾ֮
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жͨǻð죬нǧҩʦͬʱжЩҩʦԪ½ľЩҩʦԵ˵ǸʮִĴ˵ҩ˵һ޷ܵʧ
״˿üͷвϵ˼ŶԲߡ
Զĸ̨ϣĴЩɵؿǰһУЩҲһȻһǰ㵨ľֻڿǽǧڵϵҩʦǲش˸
ԵҩϤҩʦⶾ֮޲ߣǣֻһغˡ
ͬʱЩɻΪڵٰϣ飬ʲô˾Ƶѵ⵽ı
ЩеɻȻûܹ𣬶ǰѩƣһգգسУ֪ʲô
˶а취⡣
ڳһƬ֮ʱһͻأͻȻ˶͵һ𣬼̶ЩسԴķȥ
ʱһõӰڹ㳡һǣ̶˵֮С

̨˽̲סһ󾪺Щ͵Ļãֻ̲ס࿴ۣһЩἸ޷ĿͻȻֵӰŲ֡
ѩҲЩؿˣһԼòʮŵҲû뵽ϾȻһò˿ԼŮӣŮɢʥϢ̲ס۷
ʲôˣѩЩɻš
˭ΪͻȻҵ㳡֮У׾ͻȻֵŮӣֻ΢΢֮ʵ
ܰ
ش׾ĲǱˣǰǰŮй֮Եܰ
ԴǴħʹթж֮󣬱Ҳûܰû뵽Ȼ֣ɲ᲻е⡣
ܰʶ׾ֵؿᣬɻʵ
ʱͻȻ˵ʥصĵӣ
Ůӻߵǰ˿ΧͶĸĿ⣬Ųæ˵׳ϣܰʥأʦλʺá
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ԭǶѩӵĸͽ֪ղ˵а취ǰ֮ɷʵʵ
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ܰλϡܰ˵
ԣǵ˫۲һ̶ǰ׷ʵܰȻа취Ԯ֣Ϸжҩʦл
˵ţ׾ܰ˸
һٶ㲻־أһѾãݼߵҩʦȻܹһɲһܹġ
ܰȻҲû뵽׻д˴Щҵشӣ̶ɫ֣ص˵ϣ򲻿ˣܰܲ𡣡
һ̹Ȼ˵ܹȵǧҩʦҵҪܹ粻˥񵱵á
ܰ΢΢һЦ˵ҲӦǶңΪҽⲻ˴˶
⡭ǸղŹǷǡ
ܰ漴͵ϲõģȻҲܽⶾǰȴһܹ˶
˵ĺˣ

˳ָܰȥĿʱһ΢Щ㵵Ӱϡ
ЩͷԵָָԼ̶ЩЦõ˵˵ġòҰɣ
ܰ״ͻȻչһЦ˵Ľⶾֶ޷˾綾ôֳΨһ˿Ծǡ
ܰڿЦæҡ˵ܰЦˣҶԶо㣬϶޲ߣôа취
һ㣡ܰ˿Ľͣᶨ˵
ܰƶģ᲻Цֻܰй֮Եν̸Ļһ˫ֶĹܰڸʲôȻ
Ҳܰ«ʲôҩʱĿⲻɨš
Ծɲţܰ˵ղǷҲⶾմȾȴǰȻ
£̶˵ͷ
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⾿ôһ£ܷ˵㣿ЩԺ֮䣬оǰԼж֮ȴһûУܰȻ֪Եɡ
ԺͣЩϵĶˣȽǾѡܰ˵
ԣǷӦ˵ܰ˵ò˿̾Ҫ
״ԥ£ЩΪѵ˵ҸʲôҪǣ
޷ֻ谴ıУֻ֮ǰλϵһϢЩˡܰ񣬲͸¶
Ȼɻ󣬵ܰȻѩӵĵӣȻӪͬ˴Щ϶׶Ϊķչ
ԣǰͻȻֵܰȻˣʲôֶΡǣͷ˵Ȼˣǵȱ뿪ͽλˡ
˵ţ׵תȥͰ׾ЩףѾȥҲֻøںһ˿
ʱͻȻǰܰߣʱһɵӭƽᵹҲϸϸƷζĨȷʵЩʵ˵㵽׸ʲôﶮνһ¾Ȳ˻ǣ񲻳ˣ
ܰһģ˺һ̶ۣ˵ӡУʲô飬һŴݵӣʲôʱȻ˵Сˣ
£ܰ漴¶һĨЦ˵İɣҿɲôҩʦЦ
ԣֻܿЦԶԡ


178 Ľⶾ
ôҪôῴҩʦüͷʵ
ܰƬ̶̣ᣬʵղţ㱻֮ʲôо
оü˼Ƭ̣컺˵ֻǾãͻȻһĪ˲㽫ǰԵĶһɶ֮һлָûиоס
ܰԣ̶ЦŵǱûˣֻҪŵʱĸоȻҳǹڣܾǰЩˡ
ǣҸʱ巢ʲô顣
Ự˵꣬ܰͻȻǰߣС΢ţ˵˼䡣
ŶЩԳܰǼ仰˲ѹ̶ЩؿܰɻʵĿԣ
Ȼ㰴˵ɣܰʱƭ㡣ܰͻȻ¶һ飬˵
ܰˮиȷţǰȻʶֻ¾Ҫֻʱȸһԡ
һҩʦߣǱ۾̵ܰķϸڡ
ȻƬ̵Ĺ㷢Լ֪ʱһصѾϤҲϤʮȷصԭȲڣ֪ʲôʱڡ
ɢӴ󴿾Ϣ΢΢Щ죬ҲһܰĻ
ǱĿƬ̣ȵϤһ᷽֮۾ӣץסǲҩʦֱۡ
̶ٿǹɲŸոϤֱۣͨԷڡ
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ߣȷе˵Щڴǹ֮󣬱㱻䳹׷ֽͬ
ÿʧһ֣ڵһ֣һ֣ʱϲѡҲû뵽صȻܹǰ˶ȻܹںתԼ
ǿѹеϲãἱæרĵЩҩʦųڶ
ܿ죬ֻ˺̵ܶʱ䣬㽫һҩʦڵĶųɾ
ʧȥ˶֣ԭȻڵϲʹҩʦʱָЩɫ΢΢֮⣬һѾ׻ָ
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ףȻκˣСһ﾿ô쵽ģӸղſʼĿһֱᡣ
ʮҪ֪ǰ˾ʲô£Ȼܹ⿪޲ߵĶ
ԭЩϾǱΪһĽⶾ֣޷⿪ľ綾һܹ
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ֽⶾַʵ̫棬ֱδš
ܰʼնһЦ⣬ݷһﶼȻġ
ܿģѾӶҩʦ⿪ϵĶЩҩʦмĻУͣһжǰ䷳شظǰľٶ
̨֮ϣ˿˵ĿǼϣ¶ֲͬɫв죬𾪣Ǻ
ѩԭΪ׵һһ˿Ȥ˿̼ᾹȻ˶̵ʱҩʦ⿪Ͼ綾µϲǻ
ʱţͨĲиŬѾнһҩʦ׸ԭȻǰĶʵ̫ԵȻɹǽ˶Ǵ󲿷ֵ˿̿ȥȻʮֵ
ЩҩʦҲǰ裬ÿҩʦŶһЩҩڷùԼĵҩ֮ȻҲǻָ˲
ɾûôùˣȻǹܹͬЩ֮תԼ
˲ϵĽⶾ̣ľļء
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һֱܰЩ۵ؿᣬ̶ӻͳһöССĺɫҩ裬ݸᣬ˵ˡ
ʲôǺɫСҩ裬Щɻʵ
񵤣ʥƵĵҩºԻָľܰɿؽ͵
ԣԥһڽҩУɲǼ䣬ֻһǰƣ֮˲ʧ˴롣
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ǰڼֻǸĳ֮ˣ˭뵽ֻǶ̶̰ĹȴǱ֮ˡȣ˵ַ̡
ϧȴҲκηĽڣͬʱһĽⶾʮ塣
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ʵᲢûеôΰ͸УΪǹֽܹͨͬЩ֮תΪãȻҲִظֳֺõ顣
ۣܰ۵ⲽǰߣͳһŶͷϵĺ顣
ܰһٶЩ񣬵عǵллǷøһоôһ˰ɣ


179 
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װʶпЦȴֲýܸͣܲܰʶĲңԼڵһ˰ɡ
᲻֪ν͵ʱ״Ͱ׾һͬ
˫ϴ˼̶ۣЦ˵ζСֵڣ룬ϷԼжҩʦʾл
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ֻǣֵǣûмӲĵذ壬ֻԼ嵹һִŵĵط
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һ˲ܰſǻ˳
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180 ܰ
ϲ硣
ܰſǻĶ֮УԼѾ滨ܰһУݷʲô캦飬ŻǰŮ顣
ֻǣͬȻȴ˿Ѿ˻˯֮УἴҪѯҲ޴ʴ
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ˣ㻹ûңΪʲô֣޼ɹٹѵƽﶼôУԵܵģܰһǳЦʵ
ܰʥأͷһ뿪ʥ棬ȻȻҲͲ֪޼ɹٹʧٵ顣
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ܰճյĿᣬһĨȥ顣
ҲǷΪ˯ܰŻ¶
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˵ȷʵʵ˵ĿıͲΪǴڶΪѰܹҽķ
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㲻þȣϷΪĶϣȻƽղ£˵ġЦ˵
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⡭׳֦Ǵ⣬ֻȴδҪ뵤
¶ԥ֮ɫ˽ɻ󲻽⣬ѰҩʦҪֻⷬϲ˻üͷ΢塣
֮׵ҲǴȣֻǵЦɣúÿǿǣüŴӦֻҪ֮һظɡ
ԣ᲻΢΢˿̶ڷɨһۣ漴תƻʵ׳ϣΪβܰڴˣ
һ΢΢һ㶣̶Щε̾˿
⸱ģжʱһɲõԤС


181 ܰȥ
ڸ̨֮ϣĿɨڹ㳡룬в޸п¾׽
ǰΪһҩʦ͵ȺһΪͨ˶Ŭţ̨֮ŵĶһĴеѩƹΪ
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Ϊǰͣʱ䣬ʩȣЩҩʦԵı£ʱѾ㹻Ǹԭˡ
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գǵֿ˵ӣδһοˣҲ˵δĵһڽղ
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ʵϣ뵤鲢ûѾ˾֪飬󲿷˳ЩĽ֮⣬׷׾뵤Ȼ顣
μᣬǰʩչҩֻΪ˵ľС
ԣ£Ტûʲô
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ڴͬʱ˯ʱҳͷŶԪס
˵⻹ҪܰİʵһǰˮǣܰǷѩӵǰ֪ͨ򣬹ǱϢ
ֻΪԵʣʹܰм䵢˲ʱ䣬ҪĹͷܰϵҺ½ǧҩʦΪ˲Сʧ
ڣǵĵˣͬʥصУʥ˫Ȼ˴ʮּҵľԹͬĵ֮ʱȻ¡
յεжѩӱ㽫Լİͽ˹
ܰİ˺ܿ㽫ǱڽǧҩʦڵڵӾ˳ȷʵʮаթϵ¶Եڵӵݱ¶֮󣬵һʱ㼤ڵĶ˲Ѫڳ졣
һж˯﷢й̡
ᵹǶȴǶһ˿Ȥ
һȻͬʱǵʥȻѵǲ³Ϊ½ĹУ
ǣڵʵѾǲЩ⣿
ȻҲֻѣƾһεжǴ㽫ǧ޹ҩʦɱڴΪݣȻ䱧κ뷨
ʱֵĿѾĽ׶ΣǰֵļҽʣµⲻҩʦľӢˣȻȻֵĿȻһֿ˵ô򵥡
ֿ˵ĿʹôᱸõĸֲϣȻͨҩʦѡһöҩҩ಻ޡ
ĿʮּûκƣʵȻһδҩ䷽δҩʦѡ
б㼫ĿЩҩʦƽյĹףԼҩĵı̶ȡ
ƳƷߣЧõĵҩǴĵһ
ڿһĿ֮аһգȻǰչֳĹ˵ˮƽͬʱܵ׵Լ֪Լ£Ӵһ£ҲӵѰҩʦûе츳˵ͶԵҩֻڳҩʦ͵ġ
ǰӵҪӱֻ²ô׵顣
ôˣǲΪ޷μӴеɥ
ԭԵѩƣڿЩĲɵؿŹ㳡룬ΪΪԼ޷μӴеɥеʵ
عᣬƫͷһǵľգȴ뵽һˡ
Щε̾˿ҡͷ˵ѩƹˣǵ΢ĩô͵Щҩʦȣֻ顣
Ǵ飬ǱǹǰǸܰŮӵˡѩ΢΢һת̶Ц˵
Բһ㶣Цҡҡͷ𻰡
ѩƹĿȷʵʮϬһ۾Ͳ³롣
ӳ˯ѯ֮ܰʱȴǴ׿֪ܰѾٴ뿪
ܰٴβǶг˿Ц֮⣬˵Щʲô
Ͼʵϣ֮ܰĹϵʲô˼ҪߣʵûбҪύʲô
ֻǣ΢΢еһ˿ʧ䣬Ҳ֪Ϊʲô
еǣһŵݵǰŴֽƮĲζһ±ϳܰϵ㡣
뿪֮ЩȲشֽֽƮݵּ
ã᷽ŷеֽЩӣεҡҡ̾˿
ԭ˯ܰʦżȥʱỹδѣܰȻᣬεѡ뿪
ھΪ˺£ܰвûԣܰȴ˹֮
ϸ᷽֪֮֮ܰԭһ
ֻȴǲͬһķרΪ֮
ܰϲû˵ֻ֮Ǹ֮һΪ㣬ʱѾ֮ڶ硣
Ҳ˵ϵ֮ͬڵڶ㣬ֻ谴дķɡ
ʱգܹ֮֮ͬӵǿһʵ
ϵҲ͵ΪֹȻֻȴĪġ
ͨеݣѾ׵֮ķǷ֮֮㲻ʥص֮ֻǷǳϧ
ܰǽϧҲ֪صʥ֮һܵεĳͷ
˼ˣвЩֻм֮ԵŮ
ֻǣʥһʮأѰ˵ȸ֪ڣҾȥȴҪʲôݣ
Ҫһ㣬ʥأֻ¶ܰûκΰӺ
Ҳ벻ð취ᣬֻʱա


182 в
Ȼܰȥ΢΢Щʧ͵ģڴ˴ǰҪĿģ˽չ
еĹؼ֮ϣȷе˵Ӧڵ֮
ܰ˵ֻҪ֮ﵽڶ׶Σ׵ػ涾ʵޱȡ
ܹﵽ㣬ôµơ
ⲻǰμĿڣ˵ĿľΪҵҽƵİ취
ֻ֮Ļشɡ
˵ܰиᣬ֮ؼΪصĴ֮ǰѾﵽ˵ڶ֮ɽȴ޽չɴ˿ɼ֮жѡ
ȴǶԼʮģȻոջ֮ãΪǴ̳ܰжǰǽǧҩʦⶾ֮ʱ˴󲿷ֵĶ
Щ֮ԶУǱͬһ󲿷֡
ˣЩϤӦ֮ȴҪ֮ܰǰǿࡣ
о֮ѾͻƵļֻҪٸһʱ䣬ͻƵĻش粢ʲô̫ѵ顣
ǸʱȻκơ
ң֪ܹﵽܹ֮׽
ϧǵ֮ڵ˵ʵ̫ңԶ಻ʣ²ʱ䣬Ȳôá
ԣҪıǾĴǺħڣֻҲлĻᡣ
ٴ˼һԵѩ΢ضŽ˵С죬˵ôڷء
ʲôᱻѩһ˼˻ʵ
ѩûذһۣ˵㣬ǰ飬㿼ǺûУ
ԣüͷ£漴ЩΪѵ˵ѩƹ᲻Ըæֻҵ΢ʵڰﲻ㡣
㲻Ը˵αô׾ӵĽڣҪǻ΢ôµҩʦҪѩƼ˵ӵĽھܾдΪЩơ
ۼ޵Ĺŷŭļвɷࡣ
죬֮ѩƱһϣܹһͬȥһˣҴӦ³֮󣬶Ļر
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֮⣬˶ڻʼնһ˿η
ŻҵȻٲһЩڵҩʦΪѩƹƫƫҪ
΢˽⣬ѩڴ֮ǰѾؽҩʦҽߣ޷ҽκˡ
пɲһЩ֮Щ˶޷飬ֻӴһµİ֣ܹ
ټʣʱ䲻࣬Ϸȥ飬ˣ᷽ŻԾܾѩƹ
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˵ţѩڳκһǷǵ壬ֱӿϣһ˫۲ͣظš
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ѩ˿˵Ŀ⣬һЦ˵
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ϧĿ֮£ѩƵݰǣҲҪ˼ɣϾԿηû˵Ƿʵ
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̲ס˾䣬Ǹ
ƽ飬̶ʵΪִ϶ұܾˣϲҲڣŶȻܹıҸãΪ㲻
˭֪ѩ̾˿̶ᣬε˵ԵĻʶȤСˡ


183 ͨʯ
Ѿβʵһʮֿ飬ֵĿѾϽеڣѾҪһʱ䡣
˵һöƷĵҩֻһʱԶԶġ
ڵҲ֪ǰѾ⹫вҩʦֱһܱյСƳ
ÿһС䶼Ӹأֹס
һ죬ʵҲǽǰƺõĳнһƣҲֻһʱѾ㹻
ܿģ㳡֮ϲƮɢŸŨҩ㡣
ʵЩҩף̲סͷ޵һˮ׼Ҫϲ٣мӣܹҵʵһ¡
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˿ѩƾҪӦæȻûע⵽׵Ŀ⡣
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£׾˵ȻȻǳΪҵһԱƽղǵɣֻϣѧܹ֮ΪԼһɡ
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׾˵һЩҪעĵط֮ż㳡һεĽ䡣
˱쵽һڻʯǽǰ֮󣬰׾ͳ׼õƷָˡ
ǽĵ֤ͨÿһܹʮΣʮ֮ͳʧЧ뵽ִ·ȡµƲſɡ
׾˵֮󣬱һȣʮֺʵǽ֮д˽ȥ
͸һ˿īɫƣ漴뻳УǴ̤ؽ
˼Ѿȥǲԥܿ켸˱һͬʯǽ˵֮С
ᴩǶʯǽ֮ΧľɫͻȻ˷츲صı仯
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ʯм䣬Ǽ͹ӣȴʧĽ
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˳Ծģ׾Ѿ߲ˣոս뵤֮ʱγǺЩһľȡ
ʱ׾˵ΪǸոռ룬Ŀǰֻڿȵһʱգǵõߣܹʸһҡ
׾ļ򵥽⣬ⵤĹǰü֮⣬ǱƲڵĵطϣ
Ҳһ⹬Ӵģʣµ֮Уŵϰÿ֮дŵĸؼĵǲͬ
ȻԽϵĹ֮УŵؼĵԽ
ҪýһĹͨÿĿˣڿ˵ݣĿǰ֪
׾һ߽һǰ·ûãڰ׾׵Ĵ죬Ѿ̤˰ٲݣһ⹬֮С
ǰ˺ΰĴ˽ЩⵤȻڲͬ˹ģ֮ͨѾ
Ҳ֪ĸ֮ͨˣܹɴ˴ֱĿռ֮Уһ֮ͨ
ֻǣỹڸ̾⹬ΰ֮ʱ۽ǵȴƳһϤӰ˲䣬ı䡣


184 ħϢ
⹬֮УһȵӰͻȻ֮УӰӶʱ͸һĨȣ̶תΪЦ
Ǻǣᣬƺܲң
ˣûǸ˼ֻЩ棬Ϊλڵ֮Сᾪȹε˵
ѩƹЦ̬ʱõΧҩʦЩ
̶ѩưᣬ˵С죬˵ΪʲôҲ˿ɲΪ㣬ɲҪ顣
ΧⷬźɵĿɨ˼ۡ
ǳڤˡ
аһ̶ɴ첻˵
ƺҲǷ֮ĹϵЩ΢̶ЦǺǵ˵ˣѩѾͷôˣ
ѩ漴Цݣɫ˵ЩӣѾȥˣڵʮΣͨҵ鱨ϵͳ飬Ҳֻ֪һľֳû򲻵ö֪
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Ἰһɻӣ͵ѾǵӣЩȻҲҪ֪Ҳպˣ
ָڵ飿ʵ
˵Ȼһ֮˽ǧҩʦֻҲڵ˼ǺϣպڵˣȻҪرע⡣˵
ԣüͷ΢壬̶˵ϵѣˣֻҶ֪٣Ͽɷϸ֪
ڵҪ׷ݵܾǰʲôģûֻ֪Σ֣Ǻҳǵڡ
ǵΪλڽ𣿡
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׵Ļͷһ㶣漴֮ǰδִˮʱ飬漴ʵϿ֪һħˣ
ħĿбһž⣬̶ʵ
ֻױѾ³йؼǰǲػش֮ǰˮ֮ǰ·Ĺʮأ֮ǰƺѾ⵽˰ħĶ֡
ߣû뵽һﾹȻûҵ򸽽治ҵɫ˫͸һ޷ڸǵŭ
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˿˵Ҵһλǰе֪ҪҽѵķֻħеܹˮǲμᣬҪǷܹת
ԭˣѼȻܵе괴ˣȷʵһҩʦҽ߿κõģֻȷʵ֪Ǻħڡҡͷ̾Ϣ
һɴʧ
ʱȴͻȻ뵽ʲô̶˵֪һ˶Ȼ֪Ǻħ飬УܵõҪĴ𰸡ֻǣҪʮѵ顣
˭
ǧɽ׳˵
ǧɽǧɽЩȵ˵
û˵ħƵ۹֮УħΪ½֮ʱҪжصƵ۹ʱħĶŭǧɽԳǰħܻ񡣡
˵ͣ£̾˵ǧɽסǰħ֮ʱȴǱͻȻϵԺħأҪǧɽħǧɽһΪͨ죬ӣһԲϱ㽻
أһԵĳڤȻǱʷ̲סʵ
ҡҡͷ˵ֻֻеʱԼֻ֪Ǿ˵˽ֹǧɽ㽫ħԻص
ɼˣǳ֪ǧɽħڣ᲻ʵ
ЦЦ˵ΪǴνֺģÿ꣬ǧɽǰһصĵ򣬾ݴǸԼǰȥ˱ԣǱԵĶǺħˡ
ԭˣû뵽лô಻Ϊ֪顣
ЩȻʮΣΪһΣЩȻʲôܡŷ׵ĺ룬Ц˵
Ȼ֪ҪһԪӦø˵ᣬȴüͷ
ǧɽֻһͨˣܹϡ
ҵǧɽֻºҲ档
ˣһеֻص㡣
һֱδ˵ѩƣüͷ΢΢һת̶ߣЦȻ˵ҿ԰㡣


185 ׵ָ
ѩƵĻ᲻һ㶣̶ɵʵ㣿
ô𣿡ѩЦЦ˵ˣҿǻҵĹҪֻǾ֮Ͷѡ
ѩƵĻͷһôãȻ֪Ƶ۹ҷܹڣ֮Ĺϵǳѩƹİ˵ܼǧɽ
֪ѩƲƽ޹ʵİԼҪӦæֻһ
˼ˣ˵ҪҴӦǰ󣬲ſϰң
ҲǺɵ˵ûʲôѶȣôѩһʤߵ̬˵
Цҡҡͷ˵ǰôǰ޷飬ܹ
֮ǰЩҩʦҽȻⷽ涼ʮֳɫϧǶⶾ̫ó³֮⣬ֻʣܹѩһŵģ˵
һβأ
ѩԣü΢΢һ̶̾˵޷㶼޷ϵĶôҲֻˣͬʱҲӦ㣬ºΣҶ
ѩƹΪܰ쵽ѩƵĻʵѾģ໹Ǽʵ
ƾǰ½ǧҩʦı£һѩЦ˵ܸôӦ˰ɣ
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186 
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˿̣Ƶ۹ĵ۶ƳַǷһĽضĹɷֲڳиλã򣬻Ƿ
һͨĽֵżΪĺھʯ̳ɣƽֱȡ˿ܲһ˿᫡
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ЩҽƿƵ۹һȨ˻ӵĵطҪһЩŰľٶѰ·
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188 ֮ı仯
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189 Ľ
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ǿԼ侲Щھ֮ˮұڵεҡҡͷԭͱޱȼӲȻĻ̶ֳȵҲٴһʹ
޹ۿӴɲĵĴҴܣǳһ˿ꡣ
ȥֻΣˡ
ʱһֱϵıͻȻһ͵⣬漴ӿ̼㽫ӰУγһɫĹ
֮УԼԿģӰ
ű񷢳һâʱඥ㣬һ΢ܴ֮ԭЩٴƽ
ңǱҵ͵ӿ֮£ϸ΢ͣ١
ܵı΢ЩƽȻЩ棬ǵһʱһ͵⣬ٿڵ
׳Уʼ˳ڱڱİ£ЩұӿδĶʱ䣬Ǳȫ֮УŸ·Ѹתѭת֮Уһ֮еоҲǻӿͷ
û뵽Ǵ˾ƭõıȻĹЧ˾֪֮󣬲֪θ롣п
Щģ֮ҪĻǾǱ˳ֱʡ
ǰĸо֮ʱķڣΧҲǷӿתͷγһСϴУСһͷͷӴĹעڡ
Ӵעüͷʱ֮ĳЩϡ
ô£Բţѵ˵ԼͣͲǰҪͻˣ
תһ룬ƺǲףĹͬˣѾӵ֮ΪֻƿذķӵͬȵΪʵ
ЩͻȻͷҲӿڵôһ£
벻ףҲûʱȥ롣
һһϣʶٴγȥ
ⲻ֪ߵľٶ˻ʹڵ˵ע⣬ڻʹӰͬһʱ۾ڵķȥ
ѵǡ
˵꣬һӰ漴ԭʧ֪ȥ
λˣȻ˴̣Īǻʹֱʣ
һӰţ漴ҶͬһӶȥ
ʱ䲻֪˶ãԭŵķУǽյǴЩ
˫֮жʱ㻮ӹ磬һ̣ƵķڣǴһϸ΢ž졣
һɳõİϢѵʦ㣬̧ͷգһѹֵ֮
⻹֮£ֻ»Ὣʹ˶ѡ
ǿİϢ֮£ڵİ趼ǳϸ΢Ĳһֱ۴׳ѷ֩ĴӶ鲼仪ͷĵذÿһ䡣
ǣ
Ļ̣ͻȻһϸ΢죬һϸСѷȻ֣ȻԼĶȱ鲼Ẉ̂һͳУ̾Ȼֱǻмѿ
̵ıѣеȴδ˿˫ڰգûн˿˰С
ָоǿߵĸо𡣡
˫漴̯ɽ鱩İǸһȡ
Ȼ֪Լڵӵǿ߲ӵеֱ֮ǰȴǴδйо
ݷһһĲ֮µȸУʱһȻ
һ̣һضеĺ֮ͷӿ֣ǿȴΪģ籩˷ϯ
һ˲ԭеĳ裬Ϣıֱӻĩ
ԭһ主ûʵķ䣬ȴǿտҲͬһһ㡣
ȵݻٻøɾ
֮УҲֻʣһˣԼһԲؿС
СΪû£֪ǲĿ⣬ȴҲ
ΪղѹֲסⱬһϢڵ賹飬ԭڷϵĸͬɷĩ
ԭС˯֮ǰΪһ㣬׼ԼĶӣû뵽ûҧһڣͱƻ
ȻشԷСʮֲ
˿Сǲ˿á
벻һײ֮Ļش֮ͬһʱ䣬Ϊ֮ͣͲǰΪȻͻơ
ȻЩգǱɹ򣬽һ֮
ָо԰ѹ˷Ҫ׷֮΢΢̾˵
ǣ򣬴Ӷ̤֮ʱԭѾʮӴǱøΪŨ
ֻǣһȴʮֲ⣬Ϊ½ϴδйһֻԼĲ²⡣
ϸ˼Ƭ̣ԼЩ׹ÿһ򣬴ӵʱΪз츲صı仯ӵǶͶƿԶԶ
Ҫǣڵͬһףֳɱı
ǰͻȻ۲ӿڵЩؼڡ
һҲ˵ǰγɹ֮˵ӿ룬ʹõ˱ǡ
һ㣬κ˶޷õġ
˵Ǽ£Ȼϲޱȡ
ϧǣֻܷһΣ޵ڶΣЩź
ƽĵļῴΧѾƻӣЦҡҡͷ
벻νףȻ˴̣Ҳ֪ѩƹ᲻ñס
뵽⣬΢΢չ½ǣ̶߳ӡ
֮ʱȴЩķ֣֪ʲôʱſڵԺӣѾվӰ


190 ;ƿݵĻʵ
֣ԺѩƵһϸǰشţл
ôǰʲô𣿡ᱻѩƿЩڣ˵
ѩԣջԼĿ⣬漴ᣬ˵ǰôĶѾʹȻҪ
ףǰĶȻôˣһʱҲЩ졣
ʱһƼΪͨͻȻǰϸĴ֮󣬷һ̾˵֪Сֵܳڣ㾪˵ΪʵϷѡ
ǽĿͶߣ֮ģƽ棬˫Իǣո֮ᣬ֪ǰǿֻ΢ɨһۣжʱ֮⡣
߿ƽվһ޵Ϣ漴͸˳һ˻޷˿Ϣ
ǰոͻƣֻ޷ǷǷơ
ϵ֪ǰվŵһǿߣڼ˿̳ڻʹ֮УԼѩƵ̬ȣ֪߶Ȼڻʹ֮еǿߡ
ʱĲǰ֮⣬䲻Զͬһע⡣
ɨЩȻ˾ȻǸӷ׵ͷ
ֻЦеģһ˭˶ǾϺ˵ģ΢¶һ˿Ϣжϴ˵ΪȻǰ£ֻҪԲһ㡣
ʹ֮ͬʱǿߣᵽûие̫죬ֻΪԼԵʶˣҲ֪Ǻǻ
˿˵꣬һƽؿᣬǻǵ˫͸һĨҪῴͨ͸
΢һ̶ػصСȻһ޼ţ˼кָ̣
󵨣һҳ賤ϣëС񡣡
˵ѩһŻòӣԼĪʮͷէ֮£Ȼ³ȻֻǴ۾һĨΪ֪֮ɫ
΢һۣ漴Ҳᣬ˴Ǳѩ˴ɾֱȥ֮ΪҪ뿪ǰ֣Ҳס
ţƿŰ֮֮ЭĿǰһǿ
ǰߣֻ΢һ㲨㲻ٹע
ʵ֮֮ľı仯
һ㣬ԼҲδ֡
ֱ仯ֻøѣûиıĵıʣǰվŵ۷ĳǿߣֻеĵһͷ룬еģվˡ
Լǰ˵ӣɫһŭȣȴһԵѩϵɣΪҽεҩʦҲ͵ͬҵѣⷬĪǲҷ
ᣬֻСʲôҽΣ˵ֻǸƭӣɲҪƭǳɸϽ˵
ڻҵ۹⣿ѩضųɣú߲Щηĵͷż˵ûʲô£뿪ɡ
ǳԣͷŭ಻Σֻ˵ĿУ뿪ˡ
ȥѩƷŴǸ˵Ǹǳһҵһƽ޷죬е֮ѩᵽ˵ʲôǸˡ
ѩһȻ˿Ҳû˵ʲôֻǵص޷빫޹أ˿
ʱǰ˵ߣٴοڵѩѾͷ˵СֵӦһҩʦɾϷ۲죬СֵϵϢһҩʦӵеģһʵϷʮַѽ⡣
ΪȻܹоϵڲͬ˷дһʡ
ֻǣ⣬ᲢشܣȻ׸ˡ
˼ҶˣСȷʵһҩʦǰ÷ұ׳ϿУ뵤˵£ѩƹ֪ǻлɣҴڱ뿪
ԣ£̶˵СĪҪϷֻЩ棬ðһʣȻѩģϷԵġ
ѩûذᣬֵֻʣС
΢΢һЦ͵ӽ۶֮﷢飬λǣܹ⣬ȻλҲڻɣôԵԼܣ½ⶾ
ʵǹװ⸱ӣĿıΪתЩ˵ע⣬ǲټԼΪ
ϳɾᱻɱιȥⲻ˵Ҳü׷ʣϾÿ˶ԼܣҲûЩ
ʱһֱδڵͷЦǺǵǰԲ˵СֵʹˣȻõǵͷ࿴涨һ裬˴αµĲ黹ҪСֵܶˡ
һԵѩǽӻһβľͰԼڷ죬ǳ賤ϷԸҲҪ㣬һΪʲô顣
죿Щ㵵˵Ѿչ𣿡
ѵԼ֪ҿǵʱ䡣ѩüһ˵
ǲǱµб䣿Żżңѯʵ
ѩǵ˵ͷ˵ǰһ֮˸ʱľ㲻ֻʮַɫƣɵҵڶ׼һͬȥ֮ʱȴǴԵϢҸϹȥһָֹǻԣȫֳɫϱʮʹ
˵ѩɫԽ壬˵죬ʼղ֮£ֻ޹ҵǣȻʮΣ㻹ܱסȥΣˡ
ԣ˵ͷ漴˵Ȼˣ²˳٣ڱȥȥ
֮ͻƵ˵Ļش֮ڴ˴εȻӾаա
ܿ죬ѩƵĴ֮£Ƶ۹Ȩס޹
һ̤޹üͷ㲻Ծһ壬ֻ޹һŨҩ㣬ᣬ֮зһ˿Ϣ
Ϣʮ޹֮ŻĴ֮ϣϢԽǿҡ
ϸһ۲죬ԴȳϢǴǰɫϺڣһʹĻɢ
ǰ֮ˣ˭ܽƴϵһ;ƿݵĴ֮ˡ
һĻ̲סипȨܻ֮һ졣
Ҳֻ΢΢пܿ漴һֻؿ֮
ոս֮͸ֱۻ̽Ϻɫ塣
ֻǣ֮ոսӴϺɫϢ߾Ƿǿҵų⣬һӦʹµƴǼɿݵ壬ҵس鴤


191 ʼ
龰ǲҴ⣬æֳ룬֮һзŻعƽ
ȻءƳżǰֻ̤˷Ĺɫ
ǰеֶδţ֮ǰ游εҽߺҩʦ˵ֶĶԼΪԵܹô죬ѾǴﵽˡ󣬽ѩ̾ϢҡҡͷԴŵصᣬǷа취ⶾ
ҡҡͷƽصֶҴδոֻ΢̽£㼤Щ˾ҵķӦֻҪⶾһ顣
ѵľûа취ˣԣѩЩĵص
취Уûаٷְٵİա
̶Ƴһһ΢ѩƣģѾٳŲʱ䣬ڶصĥȥƴһƴǷܹȡѡԼɡ
ŵôԣѩü΢΢Щ̫ÿ
֮ǰۿı£Ȼ˵ˣҲ֤Լĸ漸˿̻ܾôֻֻʹȥ
ΪŮǶȣΪ۹İΣǣƺѩǰĶֻһѡ
ץʱɣµ龰ûжʱġŵص
һԵĳͷĻ׽͸Ͼǰж֮ݲһ㣬þµˣ˿ԥһʱỹ治¾
ʱѩͻȻ̾һ̶ҧҧݺݵص˵ͷȻĻǱˣܹƺã㽫ǻԶѡ
˶٣Ϊ޹˼ɵʩչֶΣѩƼ̶ֲ˵󡭡ʧˣ಻Ϊ㣬ǰӦ飬ͬ
ˣ뼸λ˵ȥʱ䲻Ҫŵҡػ˻֣ڴ֮ԡ΢һϢƶϡ
˲䣬޹һɵ㡣
Ƶ׼֣ѩƸæ˼ͬʱֽڵŮȫ˳ȥ
ľٶȻ𵱳ϵ׳٣жʱһϣ
ɴδֵĳԼλͷȴЩؿǰһĻͻ㣬ʱǸеﲻѡ
ǲǲʶˣɢ㣬ǼΪŨ
һ֣֤ǰķǷ֮
ʱ˶ѩƸղǴ󵨵ľ˼֡
Ȼкûг´ŵ˿̵ᡣ
һֽ֮ϵƴ۳һۡ
ȻôõĶʴǱ͸ɿݵӣЩԵЩȴȻܹЩͬһϡ
ƮƮĴλʵ۱¼֮ϡһɰϵɷĩ¶һͷӰĿ塣
߿ݵ壬ӡҲ̲סҡҡͷһԵѩƣۿǷЩƽռΪУõλݽŮˣԵЩ
ָ̽һָ֮ţƽصҪʼˣκһ裬Ҳұ֤һȫҲпɥԣҪĳЩش㡣
ԣѩɫ΢΢һ䣬ȴҲֻÿЦŵ˵ͷ
֮̽壬Ȼص֮ϡ
ָϣ֮˲Ϻڵ֮УǺ֪壬Ҳڴ˿̣Ȼ
ǳƴϺɫ˲ͬһ㣬Ϊ
۾ţ֮ѸٵĽЩһİΧʳš
ֻⶾȻǰĶ΢ϲ٣ڶѾ裬һʱ䣬Ҳ޷ȫ
ҪһǲˣֻһһˡһȻ֮ĽӽЩںڹڽӽ֮ʱҲ𽥵ؿʼɣͬһʱ̣õɵֿ֮ͬɿڵһ㣬Щӿ˹ȥ
ԽԽ֮Ǳľƴۣ𽥵ظʹ֮СɿݵƣҲǽֱʶš
ʱỺһһɣһҧǿ֮ӿһںڵĹ

֮ϣ˫۽յƴȻ˫ۡ˻Ƶĸɺдһ׺ƣعⷵһ㣬Ѷ
ǺȻ˻ƴۣѩƼæ
Ϊɾʹ˶Ӧñ𣬲ǲܵĻҲˡƳһ󺹵ƴۣᵭص
Ļ֮УȫȻûκ𾴣˿ǰ֮˲߳۹ĵһȥĲˡ
ñλ˯յĵ΢΢ƫͷᵭĮӣɵһ㶣ҧЦˣȵң
ܾܲȻֻܿԼֲס˵һ̾ͻ᳹ʧȥ
ãҳִƵ۹ʮ꣬ˣ㾡ܷһԣȻˣþŪˣҲû˸ҹ㡣ǳ鴤ڵؾʹЦ
Ϲ˵ʲôأһǴӻ״̬ѹĳѩ΢΢һ̲ס
ѾͷˣȥΪһеɫ۹ⲻѩƣʱȻ˼ȤԼŮ
ǣ䣬ǳ鴤Ƿһɺ
Ҫ˵Сĳ⡣䵭Ļõ÷ڵļˣЩ㵣εİȥ
ɫĮһű꣬ѩͷתͷų㬵ɫ΢ЩЦ⣬ô˶Գ˵ģƺһˡ
ƽĸ˸õǰ˴ȳ⣬ֻһᱻȥͷˡ
ż˵ĳĬ£еգĵľ
ʱƣųϹµغˮֱʶѩƺͳһۣӱ˴ƳЩ벻
û᷿ǲˣɫȻƽڳ󱳵ָ΢΢š֮Сش֮ܽڣ𽥵ؾЩѾͷĶ
ʱȻɹǱ֮һںڹȻһۿɼٶȣ𽥵Ļָ֮ɫ
磬ʱĳ죬ȫѾˮʪ͸ɿݵӣϵس鴤ţ˿˿й¶
ꡭˣãôȭͷţֱʶţСһ㣬Щ˻
ͷҲܲźˮ㳤ʱزٿ֮˸߾ȷʹãģͬһĴĸ
óǲʻ΢΢˵ͷȵΪֹɣж֮ҪһԱ㽫Щܣֻѡˡ


192 ۶
Ҳ˵ⶾܽ⣿ԣ̲סϲص
ȻǰǷ˵ú֮䣬ѡصĻ˭ѡߡ
ڵĽչƺûʲôɡŵص
ͨոյһƣڵ֮Ѿһ˳嶾ĳɷ֣ӶתӦĽⶾֻ֮ڳжЩʱգ裬Ҫһɾô׵ġ
Ҫ֪ǿŻʹ֮иҩģԼͨߵǿѹƣֻҲȲǰ
Ǻǣû뵽ССͣȻӵ㱾£治֪λ˲ĵӡЩϲ̶˻ƵЦͰˡ
ˣôƺ
ᣬȻڵĴ󲿷ֶѾɾڳܵⶾصĸʴ쳣ü漴˵Ҫҵ֮⣬»ͬʱŽһЩҩԱȽ͵ĵҩԹ̱Ԫ
ģټĻң㶫ܹóˣĹƣҸҪܳ׻ָѩƼƽ漴ǰͬʱĵʵ
չҪʮʱ䷽ܹ𡣡ƳһɫǰһЩس졣
Ҫʮ𣿡ų΢ЩʵĲӣѹѩͷʯȥֻü䣬Լ͸һɻĳݣܵܵϸǺѲ
Ƶ۹ҪԣԶʧȥ˵۹ʹһ겻񣬲ֻµ۶Щʼղôֵѡ
ʱܹƽһУڵ۹һСĶ
ԶƵ۹Ķ棬۹仢˿̷սǱ۹ѩǾԸ⿴ġ
ȻԶգΪһȻڵµľ˽⣬ѩƵĿһĨݣжʱЩȻֻ˿̫ˣȥ˼Щ
ʱһɫתͷŴϵĳջȸˡ
ȻˣѩƣȥɡЩƣ˵Ҳˣ£˶ˣٹɡ
ţ΢΢˵ͷѩǰǵıӰȻ󻺻ȥ
ʯ̾ͶɵС֮ϣޱֱǰƺԸŵλҵĹһ㡣
ᲢţѩżĿƳֱԼ꣬ȻƽʵЩССơȻǺ⣬ӵĶԴôͷһܡ
Ȼѩд֪ԭǰֵŮӣò˿ѷɫݸʥصĵӣʦֻشѩӣǿǺԼ޼ɹȨƽƽĴڡ
Ůӣݵλò˿ѷɫ۹ĹݸΪ߹
һ룬ѩв΢Щʧ䣬Ҳ֪Ϊλ
Ҳ֪˶ãͻȻ˵ˣѩƹͲͣһԵΪơ
뿪ıӰѩһ˿ӵ̶˵ĺ촽վһᣬתȥ
صˣ֮ǰķΪĽݻٵһɶ˴˿סĵطǻʹһͷ
裬ȻûȥӹעЩǰ޼ɹסķĳУ޷ȡ
޼ɹóһС⣬ֻĶʮ֮һļֵȻκȤ
Ҫǣղ֮ʱڵĴ󲿷ֶأЩȻ뿪˳壬ȴûаǶתԼڡ
֮ż뿪Ϊ׼Щ
˹ľ飬ЩĹȻûʲô鷳ЩĻҪЩȻʮɡ
ֻһϵĹ򣬱㽫ڵĶȫɾתΪ֮һֻ֣ͬģֻ֮֮һСأû֮ǰǰ㣬ֱ֮ͻƵĻش֮
ǲ̰ģɫ磬ϥո֮ɻδüúϤȫµýεΪ׹
ʱȻɹʶѹʱ͸˵ˬվ΢½ǡ
˿һһͶ֮䶼һǿı
ָо̲סʹһ
죬ÿղ䷳ƣϸҩĵĽ̶ʱ䣬˼ĺת
һգΪƣžԽָòǻָһ˿緶ȻɫЩ𪣬ǣǹɲŭλϢһš
ʱס޹֮У쳣İֻʣ¼
֪˶ãỺؽڳϵƳ룬̶Ĩ¶ͷϵϸ˿˵£ڵĶѾȫˡ
ԣһ˿ֻԾɵȻЦζᣬֻʬδˣҪʲôֻҪһӵеģ㣬Ƕξҵı𡣡
ᵭ˵²ÿӦ۶֮ǰǴӦһ£֮ƽȽףֻҪʧңûйҪ󡣡
ָ𣿡üͷһ壬̶˵ȻѾ˵ãѾκϵĶӦɣֻǡ
ֻʲôüͷͬ΢΢һתЩ䵭
Ϊһ֮Ȼһףǲã͵ҲԸڵ۶Ҳסʮ죬ĴǣӦҲܸоʱ۶Ĳƽֻ¶ʱ鲻һ㣬¡
ԣ᲻ɳĬ۶ʽβ֪Щļţ֪ʱ۶ƺ˴۶һɽϢ֮С
һʱ䣬ЩѣȻ׳ѴϾΪʱҲô
˿첻۶ֻƵ۹ҪˣǸʱⲻһȷѪζ
˼Ƭ̧̣ͷų죬̶ʵһȻ֪ǲǱǸĴ󽫾Ҫң
ԣɫ΢䣬̶¶һĨЦ˵Ե۶һ㶼˽˶ܿĲ֮Ѿˡ
£˵Ұģƾŵ۹ľȨԼ£˼ɽҪ·ϣɶ񡣡
ܸܲ˵ø㣬ܰϵæƬ֮󣬵ʵ


193 ղ
ܸܲ˵ø㣬ܰϵæƬ֮󣬵ʵ
㣿Щȵᣬ̶֮ǰᵽ̶ۣ΢ǵ˫΢΢һ˵ʵҲûʲôģȻ֪ѩƣɡ
ǣ⡭ѩƳɵ˵
ǰ˰֣һȻ˵޷ȻѾĿŵ֪ͨ˶ѾܹЩ಻ʲôˡ
ѩԣ˵㣬漴̾˿˵ʵǰµĲûд㻹ǵõǸ֮ʱ龰𣿡
Ȼǵáͷش
գǳǷͳӵܣƿҵıǵƵ۹Ĵ󽫾ѩƳ˵
ѩƵĻߣǶڵ۶ʽԼҪԵĵ˽⡣
Ǵ󽫾Чڻҵ֮УΪĵ׷ߣҿټƵ۹ڴ֮ǾְأƬҵ
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197 ˺Ƥ
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˵Ϊڣ΢Ҫȷ޺ǿЩ
˶˱ҵǿΪԭŵ۷ΪΪ˴жʹԪˣȻѾκã֮ǰ̫ʱԵʣΪָֻ߰˳ɣֽΪ಻ͬڵڵĸ֡
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ʧȥ赲ԥĴ˹ȥͬǻһ㣬ڿһĨ۵⡣

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201 Ļ
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ǧɽּֿһУʵ̫ϣһ˲䣬оǲһɵͷ
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205 ݵŭ
һУƱգ
ǧɽּֿһУʵ̫ϣһ˲䣬оǲһɵͷ
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ǧɽһʱޱǿϢͬ͵ľһӵƻֺ״Ʊ֮ơ
ǧɽǰȴκηͷ
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𾪴㵵ģǧɽһ˿ԥʵҲΪͣӵʵʱգ½һǿߣʡ
ϧ˿ȴҪֻһǧɽ˵ȴǴΪϧ
ѾȥȭͷѾ޷ջأյ˲㽫᳹ûյĴƽһףϵӶ
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˭ʲô˾Һʦ֣ѵ
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ʱһɿ˹ȥɽϣӷ׷ӿ˴
ɽϵ˽ԱһװĶȥԶããʮɽ֮УһΡѩɽɽ塣
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ⳡ֮Լͬʮֹע
ʮɽ֮ǳ˲ϢǿӰϢʮɽ޽ǲ׳֣ЩͻȻֵǿϢ
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ԭɾ˵Ű֮£ǴһĨʺѪɫ԰ףɢҲ
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뷨ֻһ˲֮䣬ܿǧɽѾָɫ»Ϊƽ
ʱվԭأһ˿ûǧɽĿ⣬ϸϸԼı仯
ڸոգǧɽǽ޽İԵһἸѾ
ĿǰȥԵģľǿͽȴȥ
ԸҲһ̷Ҳ
˽Ӵһ̣ʶʱһƬհףʱڵ֮ǲܿƵķӿɸԲͬǿһ˲侹ںһγһȫµ
ںϲǼ򵥵һһڶϸ֮󣬷ŷ֣ԼȻһ˲䱩˲ֹһ
֮ںϲȫһʹΪ羹ֱͻƵڡ
һʵĳ޴ľϲҪ֪ͻƵڲûӣ˭̶̵֪ʱڣȻٴͻˡ
ҲǿһͻƣӲǧɽĵУνչء
ʱǧɽ˵ܲȻͷͻƣҼһ֮УΪߣ츳ΪصһҲ㡣
ǧɽĻһ㶣̶ɫ΢䡣
ʱ˿̣ˣձݵ֮Լ֮ǰ˼ϣܹʵԼ
ԭʵȻӦԼԼѾɹ֮Ѿ㹻ʵԼȴǰˡ
һʱ䣬Щա
˿̣Զѩɽϣһ˾վѾһѩѡ
һݿΨһɽ֮͸һĨŨŨʧ֮ɫ漴ֱһɺȡ
ҲһۣΧѩ㾶ֱһѻˮ
ͷڹ꣬ĺǣҶҪҳĴһ
ϣһ˱㳹ʧˡ


206 ټ
ỹ֪һĿԼΪȱϯ޼ա
˭Ҳ벻ѩɽ֮Լ޼ɹȻδ֣޼ɹȴȻûκηӦ
Ȼ˭Ҳû뵽Ȼûȥݵ֮ԼɽҺǧɽ֡
ȻֻУǧɽǷѾ֤ڵġҲᣬͻ֮ΪѾݡ
ϧһĿǰ֪ġ
ʱɽĴ֮ϣԾϸŸոսо
ݵ飬˿̸ȥҲȻֺαȥ룬ûиԼҲ㲻ʧš
㽫֮Ժ󣬶ȫȫĳĻ֮С
⸱ģǧɽûдţǾվһԡ
ڳѩƼǧɽûжҲǲ
ʱ֮Ѿ֪ۼ˶ĵӣǺͷš
ʱӰƿǰ˺ֱ˽
ˣǧɽֻ΢΢ɨһۣҲûֹΪĺȻǵύ֣Щɱ塣
֮ɨ˴һۣ漴е֮Ŀһ漴˳
ô⣿
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Ŷˮ󣿰ϸ˵һ顣ǧɽȻƽȴǲɡ
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Ȼг˷񶨣ɫȴһ𾪣ԭ֪ǧɽῪЦȻô˵ôһģֻȴ޷һС
Ҳ˵ˣǰ֪ոڽһ֮ʱԭΪض޷мܣȴ֪ͷȻͻˣû֪ûĻ˵ΪѾﵽڵľ磬ΪݶҪһ㡣ǧɽȻ˵ʮֵȻһĨȺ֮ȴ޷ڸǡ
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֪Ǻħ뾿ʲôطԣһϲ̶Щٵʵ
ĴȥǺħ룿Ǻħֻϲãɱ޹˼ɣȻΪǿ߲پ˽⣬ħҲ
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ȻкԼ޼ɹʵ൱ڣѵǺħ֮һжʱˡ
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Ѿȫ֪
ǺħнǿߣЩͨ߸ó깥ĿǰΪħǼΣյ顣ǧɽ˵
ԣüͷǽһ𣬳ƬƬ֮󣬷żᶨ˵ΣħǷȥɡ
ȻִţȻ֪ΪһҪǺħ룬Ȱһ䣬ûбҪòҪȥǸطˣ˶һЩŹֵļһһ鲻ˣϵٺõѣܹ֡
ҵѾл⣬֪Ǻħľλáûκԥ˵
ȻˣҲ㣬Ǻħ룬Ƶ۹ߵʮɽһɭ֣һܹɭ֣ôܴﵽǺħڡǧɽЩϧ̾˿漴˵
һȥֻ׶༪٣Żд˸п


207 ǰħ
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ֻв˸Ĺâȴǳġ
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ǧɽĻ͵һ𣬼̶ɫЩӣε̾˿˵ȥô
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ڵ޼ɹǧɽľƿߡ
ħһЩ˵ļ۵أһŴͨΪǿߣЩ˸Ϊ˭Ҳ޷˭˭Ҳ˭ġ
ԣħ벢ϵţ඼һЩʵǿľǿɡ
ȻˣںħлһĹأǧɽᣬħ˾Բǡ
˱֮ΪħʵںħΪߣǺħ쵼ߡ
ȻħӸ˵ƽ٣һħߵϮħ߾ߣ˶ħָ
ħʵֻһԵͳƣʲôȴ˵ΪħĹҲֱӣһȭͷ˵Ϊ㹻ʵôȥսħеκһˣһܹһ˻ܣôս߱µħ֮һ
Ȼʧܣô³ʮҡ
ħǺˣǧɽǲ
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ʮ·ʮɽĸһС¥֮Ϣ
ո²ãΧһЩʳ̸飬Щ̸۵鼸ͬһ
ǾǰЩĿ˫֮ս


208 
Χʳ͵̸ۣһʼỹûΣԽԽЩͷƤ顣
֪֪˵˫ѩɽһս޼ɹûԸԼѩɽϿҹһŭ֮½ѩɽĻѩȫڻ
ôҵȻ֪ݿȥҲŶʮͷû뵽Ϊ˾ˣ˱˰
٣Ҳʲôط˼㶯ָͷǿߣοݿΪĵ̳ˣһͷҲܱɸ֡
㲻Ҫˣ˵ݣ㲻֪ȻʮɽΪľǴϢҪ⻰СƲˡ

ν̸Ķ֮УԽ
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ɺޣǰ಻ҵĶ֣ΪȻӵ˿ѾȫʩչȻࡣ
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ѵʱ䣬ѾͶ֮ϣа
漴ЩɻȻĴ࣬Ľܳű˴ϧ˽⣬ȻǺһĸ֮ǰݻ֮ʧԼǱʲôס޷Żʮɽɽ֮£Ϊıǵ
񣬼ȻѾ֣ΪҪ㿪ӶԷϵϢѾܹȷ˱ɡ
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΢΢̾˿֪޷ⳡ鷳ֻõ˵˭Ҳʶ㣬Ҳ˵ʲôҽᡣ
һɺԣ֮ǰҶѩɽһսϵϢҿǼ£ѵ㻹ƭҲɡ
ɫһŭ˵Ϊǰ㲻ԸԼȻˣΪζңѵ޳ңҿʮʧΪһҿǱչؿ꣬ΪıһΣ׽ܡ
սⰻȻݣЩ࣬ƽգҲݴһϾڵΪǰҪǿϲֹһ㡣
ʱȣĺǰһﳶƤ
룬ɴװͿףüͷһ壬Ѿ²˵Ѿ˵ˣҲʲôҽᡣ
ߣȻҲ֪Ϊʲô˵ųҲҴһ
Ȼ㲻ţҲû취һ£ûġ˵ţ׼뿪
˭֪ݼҪߣǲһ˶ȥеǷŵ㺮ʱᡣ


209 ʽ
ò׼㣬ߣʹеĽ
ܵϢѾȻһΡ
ǧ
ݵһ֮ʣѾֻܿԭһĨӰ
УǼι۵һ˲Ѿݱ
Щŭݡ
˵ôڤ粻飬Ѿ˵ҲʲôΪ㻹ţ
ݼ׵Ķ㿪һǶԷֱ棬ӲһĨ죬̶ᣬ˵벻ʱ䣬Ȼô࣬ԽԽڴıˡ
̵ִݣһ̶̾˵ȻұһֻǴ֮󣬻ϣ㲻Ҫҡ
ڿ϶Ǿĳɹɣ
ȭͷչֽն˷Σһְɣ
ǰһǳǰһûаֵĴ㡣ǻһӦˣ·Ӧ֮£͵ˣԶĪǳɱֵˣУҲǳŭ
΢΢һЦûлػֻǽȵĿ⣬ͣϣ³һ˵һҪܡ
ڵӶᣬ̯һһ͵ʱ㽫²Զһ˴׳Ĵֱһƣݵ˼ž˲֮󣬵ɫٶȱӿһŵ棬һը죬ݵΣǻΪһߣıᡣ
ӽߣ֮ϣɫӿٴαһ֣ǱĳȻĻΪɫ
ֻһϢ֮䣬ݣĽӴһ
ˮעǰսݣڼǰ֮ʱŸһĴԣƽգɢһ˿˿Ǳں֮ȫţһ׺ľ磬ĶݵԴȥ
ͷϷľЦһȭͷȻңȻǼӲӲһ
أ
һ𣬴űѾ㱻ҿܵݵһȭǹ˾ʮȣǻͨıϵƷʵıֻһᶨҪɾȭը÷顣
ں俪֮ݽյȭͷٶȼžĴΧЩҵݺᡣ
Դ΢ƫǴӱȭ˹ȥ׺ȭ磬õƤֻĸоȻСʹδٻİֹݵȭͷʱǹ»ͬһʱ䣬뷭£Ƴŵ棬˰Ťڰպݺ˰ȦȻЯŶݲмȥģһԷļһ㡣
úã
Щļɱţõ۾ȣ˫ۻھ䣬ƤѸٱһŨȥؼӲˮһ㡣
ᡭ
˫źݺݵֱ֮ϣȴǷŹֵ죬̺ľ޴Ҳõ˺һݵսҲᣬʹ˺֮ʱȴȻΣżݺݵĶͷµԴ˹
ԷķӦõзٵһĨȶƽ֣Ȼһ˲ɲ䣬һƷ׵ȭͷ棬ȻҶȥݵĽƣݺݵײһ
䣡
͵ľײȭŽӴ䱩ֳŵشϸСѷ죬Ѹ˳
ߡ
һεĽõ˽Ƿһƺߣĵ棬Ӳĵ棬ȻѣΣҲǽɷȻɵص棬С˼ɫصŶ˺䣬һʯ÷ǵݡ
̶һϢ֮䣬˱ǾһĶǵⲫսǰֽ棬˭ʧ񣬾ͽᱻԷǺĹüΪǱ
벻ݵʵȻ֮ߡ
ԭΪԼ֮󣬱Ҫǿϲ٣ƽֵݣȻһϢ֮ѷѽ⣬ʱ䣬ݿ˲ٹ
ӣȻҲѾڵľ磬ҽʱҪϲ١
ɢȶϢжϡ
ȻҲѾﵽڣոԳ֮䣬ƿػʮȶ
ΪԼڵں֮ΪȫµټǶһ޶İ֮ظոһϢ֮ҽ֣᲻Ҳˡ
һսˣ΢΢һ̾
ʱڶݵͣЪ֮󣬽ƺȻأһѷ죬֩һ㣬֮ٵӿݵ΢ǰ㣬ȻݵһΪɫӰӣᱩȥ;֮һһĹ֣һ·Ӷ
Ͽ֮ĵ棬ڴ˿̱һƬǽ塣
֮ܵƵƣɫأ֮Уɫıʼ˹Ծ
ݵٶȼΪѸͣգۼ䣬ǳǰԶ߸ߵľ𳤽֮ϣȻһ˿ɫȥȴǼ߹
ִ̣
һѹֵĵͺȣǲĳһɼݺݵĶ˹
ڵӣעԽӽӽĳǹѹȾ磬ϵۣѹýƤ֮ϡ
֮Уѹ£ҲǷڵԽӻ죬Ũš
Ŀһһľڵ˫֮б漴һӣǰǷԽı͵عǹ֮С
˿̣ܵ˴̼һľһĳХһ󾢷磬ݺݵضԺȥ
ޱɱУһײӹɣĶ
ɾ˼ײһ֮ʱ
Ͽ֮УͻȻһЦ
ĸ˵Ȼӣǲǻòͷˡ
ݵĶ֮Уƴһǲ˼ͣһ£ɫͬʱһ䣬Ӳɵ
شϿ֮УһĨӰӶɲǼݽսϷ
һޱľİԵϢ漴ǵصϯһ˲䣬Ϣ֮£ƴɱоת۱㻯Ϊޡ
ˣǵϢ֣˽ǳһ˲Ļ㱡
ѾæݺһҧͷԼѹ
ֻǣʱһĴ̶ʶ𽥵ģ
ǿ˾˭
аŨҵľ⾹ǲϮĴԣƬ֧֮Ųס׵ʧȥ֪
ʧȥ֪һ̣ȴһƵľ
ףСһϺŨϢ벻ȻõһϺõĲϣ


210 عŹֵͷ
ӻ˯ƵʶһƬģֱ֮ʲôԱߣ˻Դ
漴ᷢԼ֪ʱȻһʯ֮УΧʮּªؿɼһЩϡŹֵĶ
Щȴȫʶġ
ʱһʹĵͷһݲ֪ʱҲԹȥ˿һԣεӸֳһĨʹࡣ
ͷʹ
ѹ֮һ۱㿴ԵᣬͬʱҲԼ֤ںߵϣɫ΢΢һ䣬վ漴ŭᣬȵʲôΪһԹȥ
ԣû˵Ϲʲôһ֪ʲôأĪ
㡭
ݱһﲻɾˣӡ֮УȻŲһİȴҲǫͣǰȻǶ֣δⷬԼ˵
һߵɫЩ
ٺ٣СޣͲƢǳúܣһͳӲðĪ˯ϼ켸ҹ
ĴһӰʯ˽
ۣմҳһӱͷͬӲݰͷͺڵ˴룬һС۾΢΢ţĿ͸һ˿Ϸʵɫ
ᶨһЩϤ漴ɫһ䣬˵ǰǴģ
ٺ٣˭С㳳֣һ˾Ͱץ˹ȥ
˭
Ѿϳǰ֮˱֮ǰݽ֮ʱһֱ㽫ŪκļһȻǰ˿ȥľգۿȥر֮
ȴľǰͷȻϢľͻ˼ɱУԼ޷ıץ
ɴ˿֪ǰͷһˣΪҪץˣȴûȡͷҪʲô
˲ǰ֮ʱ龰ɫʱȵ㾿ʲôˣ
٣СŮޣƥô壬Ҳѹ˻֪̬Ⱥ˵һһˣ־ͰѶԺӺȥ
ʲʲôСŮޣۻ軨ͷ˵˵ǣҶ֡һ䣬ЩȻ˵
ͷĻᵹЩ죬Ŀɨ˰죬۴￴ȫȫһˣֻΪֹ΢ЩŮԻѡ
ǰ֮ʱǻҲǼ٣֮ǰδκβס
ʲôڿҰ۾ŭصᣬҧгݵ˵
ʱͷһҡͷԵϷ˵ٺ٣СŮޣװǲǴӱ濴ȥ˭ҲһŮϧϧ
ϧʲôͷۻ軨ȻңҪѵɡ
ϣ漴һ㳯ͷ˹ȥһҪֹǰòͷǸĽɫǰдһʱǰһŭ˺֣ǿǵòʧ
ǰҪŪԼʲôطȻ취뿪ѡ
˭֪ݾȻçײҪֹѾ
ֻǣûݿŲӶʱһᣬббصȥȥķϡ
첻֮£˶ʱײһ
šſң
Űֱۣɫ΢΢һߴϢţʱΪ⣬ǻݣвһ񺮡
㡭ʲôΪһȫһ˿ӦûĿ⣬һ𾪵ضͷȵ
ٺ٣СŮޣûõģǰҵûϢ죬Ǳȫָġ
£ͷ˵ӽ鲻ͲƽˣӺܲˣʲôˣǵװǰϲ̨棬ӵһۿ㣬֪ǸŮ޶
ġŮģЩ˼ؿݣЩ͵ʵ
ݻδ˵һԵͷû˵Сӣѵ㲻Ů޶Сˣ
˵˵Ҹʶץʲôüͷʵ
ͷһǻ˵һԣֻһ񺮣ɫͬΪÿ
ԭȼ泳֣ӿķҪѵѵǣַС޶ʵȤԱı⣬ץ˻
ͷⲽǰЦеضᣬ漴˵һἫΪ𾪵ػ
С޶ﾹȻӵг֮ʵڲ˼飬Ҳµòһ˵꣬ûɣ
ԣ𣬾ŬҪƽˣȴ̲ס΢΢ЩŤ
ķӦͷشЦ漴˵ıѾõ˴𰸣ȤȤˡһȴŮӣһӵ꣬Ȥ˵С޶¿еҺúооˡ
ͷһģԼ𺳵Ŀ⣬ŬƽĵĲӿһ
ãЩ˻Ƶؿ˵ôģ
ٺ٣˽޴ֻ۾ȴ֪ױƭıԼһ۾ӿ˴۾ģϣûмӲܿ͸ġ
ǺħˣǺħ룿ᷴӦ죬ʵ
Сһ￴֪ò٣Ǻħ룬ȴʲôħˣֻǼﻷ๩оĲϣԱһֱˣ˵ĺħ룬ЩһﶼЩõķҾҲա
ͷ˵ħʱԭѾüͷšһѡ
ͷĻǴΪȣû뵽Լǧ࣬ԶΪıѰǺħڡ
ԼȷʵԸԳ˺ħ룬ȴ䵽һͷղǼԼ壬ȷʵͬͷ˵һȫڵ޷ʮ֮һ
˵ֻ֣ͷһָͷܰƽǡ
˼ŶԲ֮ʱͷЩʵƺԺħ˽ⲻ٣ӣħʲôҹڵ;ʮָӣԼҲһ˿ߵϢͬʱּżֲͬϢ⵹ƽʵڿ
ῴһԵݣ̶ͷһ漴˾ȻͷܹĴڣǺħ룬ǰͷһѾ䵽ͷϣʱʣ࣬ҽ
ǰɷ긽֮˵


211 Ů
ῴһԵݣ̶ͷһ漴˾ȻͷܹĴڣǺħ룬ǰͷһѾ䵽ͷϣʱʣ࣬ҽ
ǰɷ긽֮˵
˵⻰͵ĸоϾǱ̫ãȴֲκἰϢ֮ʱСĽ˯֮УһСıй¶ܡ
ǰδ֮ʱỹܺԼܣ꣬ȴûһ˵ˣƽȻΣջ۵ѹȴҲ΢΢еЩƣ
˿һ˵ڣʱһɣԼУڵľЩǰδϵϵһ̾һ˿ԽĶ
긽壿⵹һʵĴʡͷĻɵͷ˼и
ֱΣͷ̧ͷϸش漴Ǳ۾֪ʲô
ȴܹоͷ۾һ˲䣬һʵʵĿȴǴ͸壬ֱ̽
һ֣ٴľǰͷǺˣȻӵܹ̽
Ҳǰͷǰ˵Ļǿտڴ󻰣ȷʵŶ֪Ϊ˽⡣
ͷ̽飬˾ֻ֮࣬Ϊ
˿ľվڶԷǰһܶûء
ͷ̽һ˲գ֮۾ɫ΢΢Щص˵ֵ֣úܡ
ǰ㷢ʲô𣿡ЩȲʵ
ͷֻǵƳᣬ̶أ˵һǾһ޶꣬Ӧģÿֻܴһ֮УǷޣһһݣˣδһװֽȻͬꡣ
ϸţûгԴš
ȻҶоҲûͼԼתƵϣȴδ˵гɹӡ
˵ͷͻȻ£̶۷ŹؿᣬЩеʵңʲôˣ
ţᱻʵ㶡
ʲô˰ɹںϽһ֮У˭
ͷΪ΢Ǻգ᲻ɿЦ̶˵ΪĻֻ˵һж׽Ū˵İš
ʲô˼
˼˵Ҳ֪һ֮󣬱Ѿǰ⸱ˡ̾ص
ôܣôȻżȻ顣
ǰûа취ڵתƳƬ̣쿪ʵ
ʲôǰӿȥô𣿡
ʱ£ֻĵʵǸǰγƺ
ƺͷüͷһ壬˼Ƭ֮漴˵ֻһţ㰮ʲôʲôǲҪǰ
ͷĹŹ˼άе̾ѣǰߣܹﵽԼһҲ֪ǶǴ
Ҫתʲôǹ֮Ѿʮ΢±Ȼɢʱ㲻ûκˡͷͷ˵
Էֺвһϣ漴˵֪ʵǹԭˣ֪Ϊȴƿأ֮սɢԻܰæСӲʤм
ŶԭߣԽԽȤˡͷĿ֮͸һĨŨȤ˵
Ȼ֧һףһʧȥ֧ţ֮ò䣬Ȼһģ󱳺󳹵㶼
ʲô취𣿡Щеʵ
ûУǻʲô£УҲҪ飬㻹ȹܺԼ˵һãͰ
ϣͷһʧʯ֮С
ͷ˵߾ߣҲ£漴Щε̾˿˻ؿǽϡ
ʯһƬĬҲϾһԵݡ
ݣͷ̸֮𾪵òˡ
ò׻عݳƬ֮󣬷ſ˵㡭
һڣݵסˣΪ֪ҪЩʲô
ᣬԲɿһ̶ۣܸɴ˵֮ǰѾ˵Ҳʶ㣬ǲƭ㣬ȷʵֻʶ˿̲ڣȷʵʶǸ
һݳ׵ĺͿüͷ΢΢һ壬̶ʵ˵ʲô߰ģһ䶼û
˵㱿㻹ţ򵥵˵ҵֽᣬǸڳ˯ļһ˿壬ȴΪƲƲ죬͵
˵Ŀģ
ƭʲôô᲻ʵ
£ʲôصشһ漴ЦЦ˵ô࣬ǲǻˣ
ݱĿЩڣӣüͷʵʲô
ղǸͷ˵ŮˣҴϵ£⣬ô㶼һˣʮֺ棬㵽Ůֻһǻ
ӣĹۣǻ˫ֻԼӣŭصᣬ
СŮ״̬ǰͷĻѾ˴룬̶ȻʧЦԭһŮӣȴһţѹ˽ǰ㵱˿
쵰㡭㡭
Ļ΢һ̼ݲû˿̻һɫŮ⸱ģᵹǻ࿴ۡ
ǰһģݣȴŮԻĶῴһֻۣһ㼦Ƥ񣬺òڡ
˺ˣֻ֮㣬ҲҲ޷֮ǰ֮Լ飬ɲҪҡ
ݼһԼͬ˹ģвɴΪίСеҪݺݵؽһ٣ʾ֭ȴ벻񶾵ĻòУֻܺ³֣쵰
ϣһƬǺ죬кŭᣬü᲻дգתӣ۲Ĳ
˾ʯ֮оţ˭Ҳû˵һƬž
ܲգǸݲתᣬ˭֪һڵģһҲûеĵľٶ
ݼˣɴΪᣬ̶û˵ι㲻취ǸʲôΪʲôҪץǣѵͲӳȥ
ԣ۾ݣ̶˵˿ϵΪָͷʵɲ⣬ҽԲǶ֣˵ˡ
һ㶼ԼİΣ𣿡
ʲôãʡλָʵ˵ˣǸͷҪȥǵǰɶ֣ȻûɱǣȻĿģʲôõĵġһǰ׳յӿݣ˵
ݼ⸱Ŀ⣬дΪŭҲĽڣһʱᣬһƬǺ졣


212 ˵ĥ
ʯ֮У˽˰죬̲סʵιܸܲҵ׷ʲôˣĲ
ԣɻشһۣ漴˵ղҺͷ˵Ļѵû
ǣҴûϡ飬ȻӵʶΪʵ
ûˣڣԼҲ׷ʲô飬θ֮ͣǰѾ߹㣬ҲҽᣬѾ˯ҵ취ֻڼ¡ᵭ˵
£ԣһ̶ͣʳΪľִܹ㣬ȴֻʣµŬΪʲô
漴ĿϣԭЩʧͽȻһ
Ȼ̳ôҲ̳ǰ㽻ֲ֣֪ȻӵݣôԵɵԼ
ݵĻ᲻мƳƳ죬û˵пЩڵĴ
˵꣬ҲȥһԵݣأԱĿ
ʱ䲻֪˶ãʯ֮һƬ֮࣬⴫һϸ΢
ͬʱ۾һ˲ͷӰٴγǰ
ͷһݣһ࣬漴һСƿװŲ֪ҺƿӵỳУ˵ȥ
ʲô
Ҫô࣬Ⱦͺȣ
֪ʲôͷ˽Ҳ֪٣
ͷٳٲȣ˫Ŀһɣһ˲ǰ߸ֻһҺ屻ǿйС
ȿȣ
ǿڼŻµ͸Уŭͷ㵽׸Һʲô
ߣİɣˣҪɱСޣ鷳
˵꣬ͷƳһԵݣֱѺ߿΢΢Щľһ뿪ʯݡ
ͷȥݳƬ̣ߣʵ㡭û°ɣ
ȿȣ⵽ʲôҸоȫȣǱʲô˺ҧһ㣬͡
ȫִϢѵ˵
ݿһʹģһʱҲ֪ǺãȻһòУʱһͬͷУҲͬʱһʲô飬ֻʣһˣʵЩ޴롣
ݲȻʮ׿ԽΪǴﵽ޷֮ʵϣݳ궼ڴ֮Ψһһȴǡһս֮»صޣһٴγɽνΪ㡣
ͻǡûͬһţ֪Ǻá
ʱֻޱȣͣŸոͷµĲ֪ҺȫߣȫĹͷ类ɹǰ㣬ּϢĸоǿ־Ҳڹȥ
ݺݵҧͷһĨѪޱȣ˫ͷ
⸱ʹģݻҼҪסᡣ
ȴû뵽һ֮£ȴǼӴʹ
飡
ʶģᣬܲס˾ҵʹҲ֪һٽ˦δָͽȻ֮ܵ˾޴˲ײǽ֮ϡ
ҵʹ̲סһ
֪һУ۶ʹأڵϷţзһ˻Ƶĵͺ
ʯ֮Уʹĵͺ˻Ƶϵؽ֯һ
ֱãŽȥ

ȫͬһ㣬ڵϲͣشϢţˮѾȫʪɢҵͷĶͷ֮ϣɫһƬ԰ףûƬ̣Ĺȶػ˯ȥ
ݼͣЪߣ˯ģ룬ҧǱصһԵĽ䡣
Ϊ֮ǰյͷĹݴ˿ڵδԭһԵЩ
òװźãɫ΢ش˵һﾹȻôأ֮ǰ˶ҾͲӦùŶԡ
ιû°ɣ˯ͬһᣬûʵ
ûӦüͷ΢壬漴Щε̾˿Ҳ֪ǸͷҪʲôԼûлָȥɲǰ취
룬ݼʼջ˯ѣ֮ϥ֮Уϣܹջָ
գ֮ʱһ̧۱㿴ͷһЦеضԼһԵǺŭĿͷ
һ飬̶Ŵӵɫʵ㵽Ҫʲô
ٺ٣СζΣͷϷʵ˵
Һԩ޳ΪҪĥңȻҪңβֱɱңøɴһ㡣˵
ͷԣһЦ˵ϺõĲôþɱˡ
˵ţͷӻͳһƿһģһСƿӣ۾˵ȥ
룡
㲻Լ֣ұǰǿйڣȰ㻹ʵáͷ˵
㵽Ҫʲôҧгݵŭ˫˵
˵ôϻʲôȻ㲻ʵֻԼˡ
ϣͷͬһǿнҺĿУΪԶԶԼͷϵδָһԵҪǰֹȴǱͷɢһϢסá
ͷҺ֮漴뿪
漴ͬһ㣬ʼʹ
ݼҪǰסᣬѿ
ھĵ£׻ȥڵ㺹졣
ʱʯٴλָ
һʱڣÿͷ֣ǿиֲ֪Һ塣
ÿһζἸʹ
Ϊɲͷδָûκη
һδεʹһδεĻ˯һѾǲԼ׻˶ٴΣֻÿһεĻѣ˺ǸоԼЩͬ
һµʱ䣬Ѿ𽥻ָûܵκ˺ѳ׸ԭֻǼѾﵽڵݣ಻ͷһ֮С
ͷΪ֣һʵʵ񣬱ݺò׻׻ΪС
᲻ûÿζͷ׵Ļ⡣
죬ᷢԼƺÿλ˯֮ٴǰһպϲ١
ֱ۵ıĶĿøΪӱ֪ǵõ˼ߡ
ԼУȻȻͷⷬΪĿĺڣȴҲͷûк˼Ҳһʼǰ㿹ˡ


213 ݵĴܸ
һգڷͷСƿҺ֮Ȼʹ̣ѾһµĥʹѾԹȥ
ͬʱҲ׹ͷһιҩˮʲôҩһܹǿҩ
ʱϥȫʶ֮Уڳʹ֮ʣǿʼ
һݵ̬ҲǺ˲٣ȻΪݵçײ;ʹöͷУʱԸΪϲ˵Ȼٲ䳰ȷ
һÿǷ˵ĥ֮ʣݶչȻһ΢ĩչ޷ڵʹҲݴΪĹۡ
˿̣ݼ֮У֮㶵شڱϣ֪Щʲô
Ϊѻָͷ֮ʱȴ˿᲻𷴿ͷ֪Լͷ֮Ĳ࣬ҲʹСĸܴ
һȿʼԼΪ
˫ɨ͸һɸӵ֮ݷŵ̾˿ԭΪһ֮УֻʸҵĶ֣Ҳ֪뷨ǶôЦ
һµñӽӵݳԼĲ࣬ǰǴν֣Ȼδʤ㱻ͷϣֻ΢΢һ֣ݱףΪԼ
һµľףԼ᲻ಮ֮⣬෽һ
٣ݿûԱߣ֪ζͷ
ֳ侲ͻǣ硣
㾿ǸʲôˣݿǸӣ૵
һµദݶԽ档
ǰһģһᣬȴ޷ϸеһƵĵط
ǰҪǿϲ١
ڵ֪һ֪ʲôĲһΪʵԼ֮µǿߣһҲֻʱ䣬Ȼм⸱ԭǿȣҲ˵츳ȷʵͬһ㡣
ҪǣѾ֪ķʮأȻǲͬ½κһ˵֮
Ѱ˵ľ˫İ֮õ֮ŮΪ𾪡
ּ߸ֱ֪δţļԣܹ³֡
һݶӺ档
֮ݻ֪İ֮˵棬֮ǰںύ֮ʱѾ˺ϾֲͬϵϢ
ͷƾǿľҲ̽ڵľ쳣ˣ֪ͷ޺֮ģԼУܹͷڰҲͲʵظͷԼ
ʱҲԱߣȻҲ֪һС
ʱ䲻֪˶ã״̬֮лָڵʹѲڣľһ˲٣һµʱ䣬Ѱľǿޱǿ֮ǰһξʵ̫ˡ
֮ʱĸ֪ûȫرգǻһֹ۲棬ݿԼľٶҲһ
ֻǣȻ֪Ů˿̵ģȴһģһˡ˲ͣشǾЩ
Ϊ˴ȴûж롣
ˣ
ѹݱ㷢һɿʵ
ͷӦǽʵоΣ
ҵľ˲١
ǿҪϲ㰡ǳЦ˵ɨһ̶ۣ˵֪ͷΪҪô
Կ˲ûж⡣ҡҡͷ˵
룬̶ü˵һֱȥҲǰ취ͷֲϷ뿪ѲҪһӴ
ԶԽԽŮԻݣʵǴгԲЩЦ˵ò˶Ǳ뿪ء
ǿǵ˼΢΢һߣԴ˵ң
ûУˣæ͵
ֵذᣬеһ죬һһģ㵽ʱ᲻̬ȡ
ݵܵͣ͵üֻԼüûע֮£Ҳ˵ʲô
ʱͷٴ߽ʯ֮УֻһûдἴʹмڴҩˮͷҲϴЩ򶷵ĺۼǰĨѪΪԡ
ͷ⸱ǱģЩȻʵôˣˣ
Ȼ֪ͷһ̬ʮֶӣȴڰĥһ£Ҳ޷ͷ˵һ㡣
˿̼⸱ģһ˿⣬ֻ˵
ͷԣݺݵصһۣû˵˵ϻҳ
ϣͷҲᣬǾֱ˳ȥһ㶣Ȼ֪Ҫʲôǵһʱ˳ȥݼ˶뿪ȻҲʯ֮Уæȥ
һǵһ뿪ʯݣʯݣȱ۲ΧĻ
ʯݴһɽ֮УΧããһƬʲôֻããɽ֮УȴܹܵһɻҳĺϢ
ָоЩѹ֣ȻҲһΣľû񣬵ûпʲôر֮
һǰһͷ滺ţЩɻʵιҪȥģ
ô֪գѵỻƺüͷһû˵
ذᣬ˵ң⣬𣿡
⸱һŮϣҲʮܣǰһģݣȴ¶ŮԻı飬гԲæǰٽӻ
ǰӰݺݺݵض˶ţ̶뵽ʲôչһЦ˼֮󣬷Ÿȥ
˸ͷһ·ܿһƽ̹ɽ֮Уͷͷһ̶ۣһԲ˽ȥ
ݶһۣ˽ȥ
ɽû߶ãԼһŭ
΢΢죬ͷûн͵Ĵ㣬ֻýȥں档
˴ɽͨܿһտƽ̹Ͽ֮У߳ǶѨ֮ʱһ۱㿴ǰʯǽ֮УǱһˡ
˻¸˵ĸоģʮᣬ͸Ĩаȴʮֹ죬֫Ǳʮֳصײš
ʮͷаš
˿ͷ֮ʱԭƽ˲ޱȣ岻ϵţȴǳصס޷ѣǼÿ졣
ħѱſ֪ĺʲô


214 λ
˿ͷ֮ʱԭƽ˲ޱȣ岻ϵţȴǳصס޷ѣǼÿ졣
ħѱſ֪ĺʲô
ͷ۵ؿǰɫŤˣһЦ˵ֻ飬һ֮ʲôʸ̸
ԣһ󲻸ʵ˵ĶԻ˶ͷĳƺ֮ʱ̲סһ
ħǰݵͷȻǻħ
ǧɽУҲǵ֪һЩںħ
ħȻɢҵ֯ϿһɢɳڣʵħȴǺħħֱӰħѪħԼһħ
ħΪΪ˽۷ǿߣԻħΪĪ⣬ħΪ֮¡
ǧɽԣǻħΪɲ⣬ѪħӰħ˶ԻħǱһη壬ħȻħ룬ħе˶δĿ
صǿߣû뵽Ȼòͷ
뵽ǰݶ˽Բͷһ֮Уûκɻ
˼Ƭ̣쿪ʵǻħ
ͷԣͷᣬ˿ص˵ⲻǸȡĴŶѣҿɴûгϹ
ħΪħ˶㣬ɲ㣬ھͰѱɱˣһµʮӰ֪Ϣʱħ붼֪ɱҲΪħĹСΪǿѵܺħΪС
ƾʮ棬һָͷܶԸĪҪ˵ⷬӣӰץû뿪ٺ٣ħЦŵ
ԣɫһ̶ŭħ㵽Ҫʲô㾮ˮˮΪҪ˴
ٺ٣ЩںħΪ浱һ㶼֪齨ʮӰǰħ췭ظѪħСӲľ㣬ֻħ붼ҪӰħ֮Сħ˵
Ӱħ
ԭǰ˾ȻǺħħ֮һӰħдΪ𾪣û뵽յħ룬ħ֮ˣƺŲСļ϶
ǣħΪʲô
ħҵкβãħһɢɳֻҵͳβܵõõķչʱħ룬ܺɨ½ǸʱҺħƬ½ˣӰħµסӰħ˵״񲣬ɢһɿϢ
ħؿ˵֪Һħּһǲ£ȴҪһأܹŹ㡣
ֺʲôϵ㲻һѲɻ浱ԼǺħ˲ɡ
ħǰӰħǰ˵ѾһˣҲ㣬ӱһĺħʥķڷˣ
ʲôħʥӰħԣ˫һŵģ̶ܣħʥδ֣ôһΪƭҡ
벻飬һ˽̫ࡣ
ϣħߵǰǻָķ񲣬ٺЦŵ˵СӣһûӲ
ڻħ˼˵ı仯һʱҲЩ޷Ӧ˿ħⷬһľ׻ħڼӰм˵лǰࡣ
ࣿƨûôеĹȥ㣬ֻǰ㵱ʵ϶ѡħмƳƳ죬˵
һȻӣħ̶һЦԴϴ˹ڴ飬ӾͶȤ֪о뱲ӣûҪܹϵӶȻܹܵ
ǰ˼ǣŻħĻһãȻʵ
ǸҰǽϵˣղҲˣӰħ۷ǿߣ³ʮӰ⣬£ӿصͳħ룬ñץ˹
£ħٺЦ㲻ڵǸҵİ취Ӳ͸ҵˡ
ҵˣѵӰħйأԣȻЩͷʮѣ΢һת³йؼ
㻹Ҳʡһˮ֮ǰұо֮ĹϵҲͼһЩݲݵ֮ת޵棬ͬҲɹ˲ӡ
ǰ˼ҪҽڵתƵӰħϣЩ𾪵˵
ȴһƬͷʵ̫ˣǳĶᣬ°
ħԴȴ˿Ϊ⣬һν˵˵ûҵݱȽ⣬սǲɱħˣӿӰħͲˬ׽㵱ƷҲ֣֮ӳ
ῴͷ漴̧ͷӰħһۣͷ˼
Ƭ᷽֮ųһʵҸô
ããСϵԽԽϲˡħ˿Ӳɼһѡ
ǰһ£ÿӶõƿħҺɲʲôҺǿӻʮʱ䷽ܹ徫ҩҺҲֻôһ㡣
СӲȻŹȥˣҪ֪ľΪصĵطһñɾңǳ˷ӾǳɵӣӵУûܹɹͦһ졣ٺ١
Żħ赭дһ£ͷȴðһɹ亹
ͷʵ̫аͷˣȻ˰ԵҩҺãҪԼһãûŹ˵˿Ѿһʧɵӡ
ǰħǲ£һжƾԼϲ
ı飬ħݷµǰ룬̶˵ȻѾ˹ȥǾ֤ӵĻħҺȷʵЧԿ£ľһǰ屶ֹ
Ȼ֪ħʵڻħַ޷ܣüͷ΢壬̶ɻʵ˵ôãǰδҾİ취
㼱ʲôϷЩоһλ󷨣ȻûоɹСܹ˷ħҺĸóŵ죬λҲܹɹ
λ󷨣ʲô
򵥵˵þԼͶԷ꽻ӶﵽĿģȻһתƳɹǷʲôԤƵĸãӻδнۣαҪ㣬һɹ֮ӱܺúоһ
˵󣬻ħ㵸ĴЦ
Żħ⸱ģҲ֪ǷӦͷ


215 ʼʩ
ỹδ˵ʲôǱߵӰħ˵̸Ȼ֪λ󷨾ʲôԼҲǸевԼ̶ٴ˵ħȻΪĺħʥǾӦף޹˺ͬţػ⵽а˺ҧ³
䣡
ûӰħ˵꣬ħ̧һӣһּֿӰħ
ۣ
һѪӰħɫһ԰ףǽڸֱӱ÷飬Ӱħǳ˽ȥ
ʲôԼ飬ѵӲ֪̣ٽӾͰƤɿʿħֵ˵
ƽе̶ʵôǰ˼ҪҽԼתƵӰħϣȻӰħ껻Լ
£̶صһ⸱ɻ֮꣬Ϊ΢ûκ;
˵˲תƾľͷһϣиҪԼתƹȥ𣿡ħû˵
Ȼ
㽫ڵһתƵǼһϣȵǼһ֮תƵϣľ
£ħ̶˵ΪǰҸһµĻħҺʲôģΪӵ㹻ľӰħɣҪ֪ҺħһߣԶԶӰħΪѴﵽ۷壬̳Ȼǰҽץ֮ʱѾ𣬵һǰ㣬޷Ķ֡
ԭôǰλ󷨣Ҹо֮ѾԽԽԭΪ֧µʱ䣬һҲϢѾʣ޼ȥ죬ֻҪ׻ɢˡЩ˵
ħԴ˵ûʲôȣؽ͵ȻΪľڣһɲʲô£ȻǿᵼϢӿɢ
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ԣӲС죬ॵͷвңˡ
ⷬҲֻ˵˵ǲҳԣʽŹֵͷʱһԲϰԶһ˵ģȻƽһֱߣ˵ױʻǸŮˣһ뵽ԼԶˣ̲סһ񺮡
ϻҪ˵ұλ󷨣ȻӵодûоԵ飬һʧˣ³ɾҪˡ
ߣղŻһӣȴ˵ͷӣ˵
СŮޣĪˣҪǰˣԵСǾͲҪˡħ˵
ɫǺ죬ŭŻħ˶ţʶسᱳ˼ȴǲҽӻ
ƺݵģʮ⣬ħЦ
ȴûǿЦã󷽲˾̧ͷᶨ˵ǰҾˣڵġ
Сӵ֣ҵԽԽСӣҪѳɣһ£ҵ²
ǰĪˣϰ뿪ͬʱϵķ˴ܹɹ˵ҪǰָһᵭȻ˵
Ҫָ㣬ǻҪ顣
ħЦ˵ţ̶㽫λһһʮϸ˵
ι󣬻ħֵģתɫص˵ֻһΣҪպãʧܣҲ֪ʲô
֪ˣԵ˵ͷ̶һǰȥ
ݼἴʩչλ󷨣ûһҲ˲ǰħװͰ͵вǰһǵ˵ľҪôˣǺΣյġ
һĵģܹһ˿ֿĹģ˿⸱СŮ̬еҲûǰǰеŻһů⡣
΢΢һЦ̲סЦѾˣܹɹǷܹҿĿ֪Щһ˵ױֳŮľٶʵЩԽܡ
쵰åԭĺعᣬû뵽˿ɶĵЦԼݲ߳ŭǺŭ̶תȥ
⸱ģȻʧЦҡҡͷⷬЦҲǷ˲٣Ӱħǰ
ܵħǰһӰħ˿̿Щήң̱ڵϣá
ǸܵĽӽӰħۣŭǰߣһ˵ģŭ˵Сӣ֪˭˶ңħ붼Źġ
ҲҪ뿪˵᲻̲ػһ䡣
̶ǰȻ֣һӰħ֮ϡ
˫ۣһľü֮Уһǿľ͸ƻӰħ֮С
ոսӴӰħһ̶ͣĲΪģһɹޱȿ񱩵к˲佫Χĵ泹׺鿪
ᾫ룬Ӱħܵ˼ʹɴһĽ̲סЩľȴҲͣ½Ųῴȥ
ᾫոӰħ֮У⵽ǿҵķһɹɭȻľ漴Хͼϳȥ
һһ΢΢һ̶ȫЩˣиޱȸпӰħȻǿޱȣ֮صƣȻǿ
Լܵħİһ˲٣ֻԶԸ
Ӱħֻڸ翹Ͼ˳صĴղһξ಻ƴһʱѾȫ˻Ȼûκεֿ
ľ̽ӰħѾӦӰħʶһĨ֮
ţᰴλ󷨣ֳһƾǲС֮ڼȻܵӰħľҷǵ޷ʲôˡ
ڳɹӰħ˵֮Ƿֳһ̽Լʶҵһ˿Ϥ
Ϊ֮ıǣʹ֮Ѿ΢飬˿޷ѣһֻܿԼ
ͬʱ֮Уһں嫵ͽȻת
һʶ֮еок
λ󷨣
ܿ죬Ĳٿ֮УľΪ


216 
һں嫵ͽȻת
һʶ֮еок
λ󷨣
ܿ죬Ĳٿ֮УľΪ
Ϊصڣ˿һٶ濴ȥƽ棬ʵ֡
Ĳٿ֮У뿪ԭǵ壬ӶԷ֮С
һԵĻħʱ˫Ŀᣬʱ̹עһһݼϴǿҲһǾ̲סʵ°ɣ
ħͷҲأڴĿǰӦû£Ϊؼʱ̣ɰܱڴһˡ
ŻħĻ䣬Ǳ˫ͻȻſϢһţһŭȣĲٿ֮£˲λá
һɫ΢ͼһִӰħ֮УһҵĲɫֳΪʹģ
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һڣеһҵӴ֮Уű
ǰʩչλ󷨣ȻֻǼ̵Ḷ́ȴ˼ľ
˿̣Ӱħһ壬ҵսһ㣬ʼڷ츲صƻ
ܿ죬ỹδü֮ʱӰħѾʶ̶ʶҵϮͼ곹ɡ
ӰħľٶһæȫעļоֿӰħ˱ѵϮ
ò˵Ӱħ֮ȷʵʮӴ󣬼ǰѾħشʹܵ˲СĴˣ˿ȴҲоЩԲ
ǻһǰ޷ֵסӿԵĹ
˵Ϊսϵ˺໥š
˿ֻǶ̶̼ʱ䣬ֻ˶̵ʱ䣬ǹһͣУֱ֮ײǼΪҡ
û˿֣Ұķʽಫķ˶þȫ˭ҲҵģһвأȵıǱԷںϡ
˴òɿ֮ʱһֱעĻħ˿ȴһǰǿƽ壬͵رһϢǿϢ˫ԭ岻ޱ߷¶ǰδеأ漴һ͵ǣޱȵϢк˲㽫˰ȥ
ݿħһٶԣΪħҪûݺᣬ׻˵ңʶҪֹȴǱħһһϢסݣ߾Ƕã̶˵СѾͷҪ嶯С˱˰ռ壬͸ҺúһԴš
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ںӰħòɿᣬͻȻܵ⴫һǿľϤľһѾϳԴ
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ܵ˵ļлԭѾ˲СشӰħ󷢳һ󲻸ʵķ֮󣬱㳹Ϣ
ڼӰħ֮ƽ᳤ĳ˿ħ˿ǽԼľ˳
һ֮ȷûκ⣬ҲǻƽԼľ漴
һſۣ˫ԴŽ˫Ŀ΢΢һ㶣̶¶һĨĵЦݣͷʾԼû¡
Ҳ֪ǷĴһ˲ƺƽǸЩݣ΢΢һ죬ǴЩߵıܹͷȥ
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ݴ˿̳һģȴ¶һߵģʵʵڲ֪θ롣
΢΢ӣ᳤س˿̶ԴмضŻħ˵лǰ
ӿɲΪ˾ųֵģֻǲӵоʧܶѣ򻹲ǸѾͷ𡣡ħһԵݣٺЦ
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ʱ̶᷽ɿӰħߣ˿ӰħѾ˯֮С
ϸһӰħϵϢʮƽȣȴǲɻͷʵΪδѹĪλʧЧˣ
ħһİ취ʱصᣬҵĺ΢΢ŭ˵Сӣ㾹һӵķ㣬ԭʮ΢ͽȻ֮任һ壬ȻҪһʱȫµϤںϣܹϵ⸱֮УֻҪʩֶΣգ
һɴϲ̶æмȻˣлǰ
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ǰҪʲôüͷʵ
ģӼȻȻֻȻȻҪ顣
ܿ죬ڻħָ֮£ὫѾںӰħ̧˻ȥ
ڵӰħѾӰħ̧һʯ֮Уħææһ֮󣬷뿪
գݱȲķ֮Уջħ˵ĻȻλ󷨻ӰħϣҪЩӷܹںϣձѹ
һ磬Ȳعݣԭû̫ϵϾܶĿ꣬˿ȻҲҪԼһ档
ʯ֮У̧һڴϵӰħ˿Ѿɫ΢΢Щ԰ף񻹲ʮֱ֮⣬κβס
Ӱħ漴㽫ĿͶ˹֮̽Ŀ͸һ˿Źֵɫ
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217 
֮ѾϤԼ⸱ȫµ壬Ӵ֮Ҳ޷ķһ㣬ȴǿü
˴ܹһѾңһΣľѾвͬķâ¶ȥǸȡ
Ȼʧȥ˴ǰʮΪһΪƿ⸱֮ȴҲǼ̳ӰħһΪ
ֻΪעǾ˴ξʹ֮ΪܴȻЩӾħľĵѾָ˴룬ֻܿδָܹȫʢʱڡ
Ҳ֮Ӱ죬ʹ⸱ܹӳҲֻڣҪ֣ĿǰĶ֡
ģ΢΢Щп֮⵹ûκ뷨
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Ļ˵ѾӰħȻûҪҪΪʲôȴϣҪûԭȵţϣպԣܹ޼ɹһˣһԼĸס
ľҲ֪Ҫ˵ЩʲôֻĬȻĵ˵ͷ
޵ǣݽϷһϵб֮󣬲֣ս
ȴֱӾܾˣתͷָ˵ӰħȻ̳ҒO壬ôӦɡ
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ʱ͸¶İɣϲ޼Ӻ֮ģ˴κһҲΪָܹҵʵĿǰҶڻһϵķ似Ǻ˽⣬δһʱڻϢһϵķش
Ҳãʱпձ㵽ĽҳңҺڴź㽻֣ҲҼʶ˫ܵķɡ
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ǻˣŮҿǲǡָͷǷһʯõѵÿЦ
һԵԭ˵úúõģҲûʲôͻȻ֮䱻˵ɱŮʱһһ˹ȥ
зһΣֱ̧סݴĳιô˵־Ͷ֡
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պʯ֮У˫ĳ죬˫΢գһ޵İ׹ⲻʱš
գѾŻħһͬ뿪뿪֮ʱδ˵ʲôߵʮ
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Ϊˣ᲻ҵʱ㳹׳񣬿ʼڵӰħꡣ
Żħ뿪ټϿ֮бֻˣݣҲ֪ʵ뷨ԭŻħ뿪ѻָɣ֮Ĺϵʮ֮ȫûбҪ
ȴûмߣ
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һ¹ȥɳڱչ״̬֮УŻħ̵ĿھڵӰħꡣ
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ӰħϾǴﵽ۷ĻǿߣޱӴһνǳ
ľѾɳһʮֲֿľ磬ħľ񹥻ڵľ֮ǰǰ㣬ͬ׸һ׸ˡ
Ȼ˵ڵľѾԽ˶ԷٻħҪþܣҲô׵顣
ӴվԽӲӣ÷һĹͷ죬᳤³һ̶ȥ
΢ɨΧδݵӰӣаĪǱŮѾˣ
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218 ݵı仯
һϸ΢촫֮Уڵľ׾ͷֱԴ̶Ŀ˳Դȥ
һ˲侹
ʱ˿̶̣У߳һӰǾӨļһ㲻֮С
Ȼһ˿ʵѩɴȹڵΪմ̶ˮԵʣɴȹĽ棬ɴȹ֮µľɫ֮һͷ˳ںڵĳĴǾµ֮ϣǰļ̶ˮʪ֮ڶͷ֮ϣҹУһ貵˫âƺոԡԵЩ΢һ͡
˭ʺš
ֻһ־ּϢϣ͸¶żϤζ
ҲΪߵĹϵŮ̫רעԼ飬һʼûзĴڡ
ֱϵ֮ʱŸܵԴĿһգգͣԼϡ
Ůӽ͵һ𣬼̶Щҵ˫ֻסǰȻϴܹܵĿƺҪ˿͸
㡭㡭åŮӵʮתʱдŭ߷ֽߣ
ŮӵĽк֮漴ҲǷӦæתȥи˵űǸ
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ͬʱ˼Ůӵݡ
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ῴԼĿЩ޺ͻ㱣ŮЩȴһյģȵ㿴ûС
ţᷴӦεظЦ̶ʵǣ
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ԣͽȻһЩѿں㡭ǡݣ
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ʵͻȻŮݳǰԼողԡϣҲ֪ղǰǷ񿴵һЩÿĶΪݷҲһƬɬֻΪװ磬ʹԸ֮Ҳ΢ŵ˵Ĵ֣ԾһŮҵɬȴҲ˶Ҽˡ
Ҳ֪ԼΪҪָŮֻԴӼ֮󣬺ߵ֪ݣÿοῴԼЩµĿ⣬ıЩίͲ
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˾ĬƬ̣ݷ̧ͷǾɫչ¶ǰ̶Щ˵ԺҪݣֽ
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ʱͻȻЦò׳һˣҿɲôػȥﻹƵ۹ڣߺ֪ܿҵϢҾҪĴߣЩ궼ڿޣҿҪúõһ¡
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ϣȥ𣿡Сţıߵǰ棬ͻȻع΢ӣһգգضᣬ촽ʵ
ῴСǴһ˿ڴģⷬʻһ㶣̶ǹʹѿڶȻϣ
һ˵꣬ǸоԼⷬЩףǼæȻҲϣϾڵȷʵȻ֮ǰ֮ԼתϣҲʮڴʹʹشһ
ֻΪ𣿡ԣǴЩʧص
ܹľɫпһĨʧ죬Ҫ˵Щʲôɵֻ΢΢̾һҡҡͷ㲻˵
΢ʧ֮ҲǲԼʧ̬æĨʧ漴ǿ¶һĨЦ⣬˵ȻˣҾ͸ȥĽҳǡ
ҲΪղŵ飬ԭ̸ˣһ·ǳĬࡣ
֮ǱЩĬܿ죬˼һ죬һС֮УʱСŲˡ
߽Сܹ֮Ŀ⼸ͬһʱ䳯Ͷ
ƫͷ΢΢ݵգȻ֪һеױԼߵŮӡ
ǻ˻ǰȻģ²˵ΪѾﵽڵľ磬˿۷ǿߣƵ۹֮УûмĶ֡
Ҳûʲôõĵģô˵ҲٵΪͬﵽڡ
ĸ۵ĸ֣ӣֻ˻ϲСĿͷ
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219 ǧ¥
ǰȺ֮ͻȻһɧ̶㿴ԭЩӵȺƿ
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Ȼǰһֱ˵ݳǰʵܹӴҲֻԼĸǧɽԼС㼫Ϊ۰Լĸ塣
֮⣬ȴǴδ˽ӽδйָܵǴֲ֮΢΢Щʧ񣬾ǣһԡ
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ܿ죬ɧȺֿܿȺ滺һˡ
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һѪ˱һɳȥĻۼֿ죬æ丨
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ݷǰŮҶһ㡣
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ʱͻȻ뵽ᣬǲɻͷͶȥһĨĿ⡣
ЩСģ᲻Цˡ
ѾͷƢ㣬˿̿Ҳͦɰġ


220 ֶ
ԭǲ͵Ȼǧ¥ôӦԼ
ʵᵹҲûʲôõĵġ
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룬ҲͽԣҲΪ
ȻǧɽֻǴҴҼһ棬ǰ߸ĸоְԵа֮ˡҪģղһ˫ɫԵĿ΢΢Щˬ
ȻĹϵûôӣϵ˶һڵŮӣûһС˼Ͳˡ
ֻһ˶ÿƶѡ
ߵǰῴźڵϣһǱģһЦԷ˵ĻᣬҲһű껵ؿڡ

һĲҽΧЩؿᣬĿ͸Ϳֻŵı顣
ʵû뵽УȻ˸Ŀŵ֣ղһţֱ껵عǣǿ͸Ƥ飬˼ѩԣ졣
ԭòͻƵ˵֮ԭպúѰһЩɫŮӻȥ֣û뵽Ȼɷǡ
˿˫Ŀ֮ϡһĨţ֪һѾ͸ˡ
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Ƕʮ˾Ȼ껶ˣȻ껶ɱˣǺá

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㶫ûáƳһӿѪ˫΢΢̧һʵʵ˲۶ɡ
۵ȻһӣֻȻ̶̲ͣƬ̵ʱУԴС
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ģ²㡣ӵ˵
һϲҪ˵֮ʱ˫ĿͽȻùԲһŵɫͷ΢΢˼£ȴǷ˶׳㻺ȥ
󺺵£ӷ˵ȻҲ㣬˶ȻŹ㣬Ҫ֪һУֻҪңھ㡣
ҿӣ̸Ц㽫Լһĸ»ɱһһΪõӣвһʱ䣬ţǷԼһκЩ˺ִľ


225 ´
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û뵽ε龹Ȼ˱ʣĽҳô֪꣬˵۾ʵ
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ô˻᲻ǸԵģ
ɴ˿ܣ˼ȻᣬΪǵ֮ĸ֣ȴҲֲһУɼ˵ΪԶԶɫЩص˵
̶ۣ²˵ܹһдܷģȻû̶ֳܹܹȵģΪֻ֮ѵ˵ʵǿߣ
ǿߣοܣշ˲ʮͷʮǿ߲ûУп𣿡˵
ûʲôܵģԪ½ܴ󣬲ҪСߡ
ǽҪüͷʵ
ƻҸǳҽˣᡣӳһ˵
ϣҲԥֱһ뿪ҡ
һᣬӺ֮߳ˣͽǺݷ
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ұ۾˼Ƭ̣̾˿˵ǿߣܹӦοﱳģʲôþµġ
£ҽ˵Ѿ˾Ե󣬼;Ϊǻʹ𣿡
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ڼ壬ǲ˵ֻڴĿ⿴ᣬһĶᵽɤۡ
ãջſ֣Ƭʵղʲôо
ԣüͷ£漴˵ǸоЩȣûʲôо
ԣ˵ͷ͵еô⣬ľӦô֤Щûг׻
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Ҳ̫ûмᣬֻˣҲѵ¶СŮ̬˵ҲûгԴףÿǳɣҾͲûжʲôͷ
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ȴ֪ĽͣǴ˵


226 ټϷ
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ȻӮ˶ԼôȻᷴڣ˵˵׼ʲôɡϷӵЦ˵
ܼ򵥣ԵķչѾһģƺԵʲҴͣԵţһס֣ǿǵʵֻǿıȷ̻ȶ
ЩҹѾ뷨ˣ˴ǡûϸ£ôԵΣͬҲΣա
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ֲףҴˣһֻһάֵġϷҡҡͷ˵
Ȼ֪ͬһ˽ͬʱп϶ǵֻǸҩ
뷨һǰиʽһ֣ûгЧôпܱ𡣡ϷȰ˵
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227 
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˲֪ᣬ֪ܲɻͨ˽ģȻʱϷӱѾ֪츳ᲢߣȻЩȣϧ
漴Ҳû⣬˭뵽ֻǶ̶̰ʱ䣬ᾹȻܹõϿɣõ׵ϿɣΪ˵һԱ
ȻҩʦϷӶڵҲЩ˽⣬׸ʮ˽⣬ܹõĳϿУΪͽܣɴ˿ɼȷʵŹ˵츳Ҳ޷׶ͽ֮ġ
ϷӿһĿᣬãҡͷ̾Ǹ治֪ʲô㲻ġ
ԣ΢΢һЦҲû
ȷʵһΪѾﵽڵǿߣͬʱȴһ츳ҩʦͻأݶͬһ˵ϣڼҲԼһĶ⣬ҲѹϷӻ˸п
һԵϷ˿ᣬ֪ϸ΢΢죬ӻ϶ᡣ
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ԣ΢΢һЦȻ
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˵ţҲ˵ץסֱۣһƾСĴڡϸϸ̽Ѱһ󣬷Żջء
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գٴķ֮Уһҹʱ䣬ʱɫѾ𽥻ָ
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ʱ˿̣ԶĽҳǵһطլԺһ֮С
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ԭֻǰ˽٣䱳Ǹû˿
һ˵ҵĽǾ׺ġ
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ֻǰ꣬ɷչԵ󽫻ɳһʲôĿֲڣ
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Ҫĺܼ򵥣ҪԵ󡣡
£ɫ΢΢ɫЦŲȻ˿˵³֮󣬻ֳҡ
ˣҲǱ˴˺ѡҵЦЦ˭Ҳ֪ʲô


229 
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ԼĶȫȻ֪ոһ˲䣬ۼѾɹͨεľ͸ӿ֮С
˿̣ȴǲҴ⣬ϸĲٿӦһ


231 ƽ֮
һϸµļûоκβʡ
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ǿ壬ѳ̶ȣǰ߻Ҫѡңǿ־ʹǲߣʵԼȥ
ЩһЩߣһ־ᶨ

͵͵ĺڰ֮𣬽ţ°Ӱǰʮ״ռȻЩŤɫӿ֣۳һ߰ɿغʵƲ㡣ңƲϣ׳ļͻ̣ı鲼š
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캮䣬سƲĿնȻͣٶ£ǺȻֹͣ˷ӵӰ
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233 Ǻ
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󲻾ãԶɭУȻһһӴýʮɵľޣ͵գȻʷӶ޴Ӱ˴Ƭĵ档
μΪ޳ȥƺЩ˾ǣͷ޵ķٶȣ˸е𺳣ֻǱصͬƶ̹һ㣬Ȼ˲ƣƣǵ˾Ů˲Զĵط
޵ȫòȫսУʱ̲סһ
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΢Щ𾪵ĺͷҲ΢΢һһϢļڶ
Ǻʣһ츳ޣһƷޣĶͷϵǸɢâǴһֻڵĶǺʡ
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ƵҪϿշӶᣬǺһŭɽһҵ񶯣Ӵ˲е·;֮ϣ޴Ƭβ͵һ˦̺ؿֲȻõÿռ䶼ЩŤ֮С
βĿֲɫ΢䣬Ӳӣ弱Ťת֮˿ȥȻܿ˹Ҫ׷ĿģȴǱ
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β͵һ˦ȫɹغɫ۶͵رһɽֲľݺݵײǰɫرз籩
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أ
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⵹˵ʩչ̫
ʶǺʵˣ֪ǺӵгߵķһͷڵĶǺʣ۷ľǿߣҪȫҲûôס
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͡
ϴľ޴õһһӶˣסĵΡ
ȫµǼΪ˳ְĨȥǵѪпЦ
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234 ƴ
ȥ׷ŮˣǺʽңϵĽǣǳ˵
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Ҫ˵ˣΣˡ
ؿ漴ԥһ㾶ֱŮӵķ׷˹ȥ
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Ҫ֪һЩط֮⣬ƽǺһЩƷޣܹץ񣬿һʼֵƵǮơ
Ǳһ뷨֮˱׷֮سȥ
ǶǺʼҪܣȻԸ⣬˶ͬûκһ㣬˶ȥͼȥ·
Ķң
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âΧĿǱһѵϢ˺γһСյش
ǹһ˿ᵽ˵飬ʱһͷľ󱥺ŭ˹ȥ
ֱһ̣Ůԭݵı˱仯
˱ŭһŮֻԵֵ
Ѿ֪ʵӦ֮֮ϣͬΪǿߵᲢʮ⡣
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ңεĿΪ²ǰŮӣȴ֪ᱬԶԶس
һ˲䣬ŮҲǾﲻѡ
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ŮӶˣŲ㣬μٺˣͬʱŮֱ͵һڡ
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ŮӽĹ֮ʱᾹǿнٷе
ͬһʱ䣬ճһֻ֣ؽе뻳С
ʧȥͬ׹ķɻһ㣬ֱұߵĵ֮ϡ
ѵ˲佫÷顣
졣
˿ҲܣǿջԼҲõ⵽ķɣڵѪһ˲ۼڶͷһӿһѪܿƵ˳ǻ䣬䵽˻еؽ֮ϡ
ŮӼˣһЦʤ׷ɱ
ʱӰѾɿظ
Ů˼תԼƽŵʧֻܲʵؿһ̶ۣһֱʧߵС
״еֻһ䣺չ˺ȥȥ
˵ţҲ˵ĻᣬջУ˱㻯һŲӰ׷ȥ
ûüΰǶǺʵľġ


235 Űɱ
ŮԭΪƾԼʵȻܹȻѣϧһˡ
ǰΪ˲˺ǿջԼĴȥʹԼ巴ɡ
һѪ³֮Ѿָ˴롣
һҲʮ־棬תԭ
Ȼ˿ڵȫӿǰѭϵͳ֮УʹʩչƽҪϲ٣ļУҲķ˲ߡ
֮лں֮ողֻ΢ѭһȦѾڷڵѪɿĸƽ
ȻˣѵߣվͰɣ
ǲвŮӸеԼܵǿҵļ̤
ŭǱñޱȣ޷㿪Ҳܣתվ͸ȻĿ⣬ֱǰᣬ˵ΪΣ
ֻǣûдشŮӵĻֱжŮӡ
ŭͻȻһǰδеľϢ
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ԣŮؼʱ̣Ƿ˴ĴȻǲԭµġ
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һУᲢûưոݣǽǴŮӵֻţ̶һ֫ϣȾѪŮӡ


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ῴ̶Ŀеüͷʵôˣû°ɣ
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ԣʲôƵģЩ˵ùȥһѣǸϷӲ֪ΪͻȻ֣Ҹ֧Ԯ㣬˿ǶǺʡ
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ǡʱϷӲ֪ΪҲ⣬СȻҲʶϷӣϷһͷһСҲ׷ʲô顣
ӳм䣬ǺʣСһ㶼СУͷпõļһ濴ȥҲ΢׵㣬ģ΢ѡ
С֣ϷҲ΢΢һ㶣Ȼ֪СһޣȻΪγ⣬ʶҪΣյĵط
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СﾶֱߵǶǺʵǰԼСԴǶǺʲؽл˼
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ϷУͬͬѼһ㣬ȫһʲô
Ϸӵ۾ССһЩ֪ġ
ǰڤ֮ʱС湦ܹһͷƷޡû뵽ǣСٴνһͷƷĿֲޣǺŵڵء
˵һôαѾ֤СķͬѰ
ദôȴǷֲСʲôͬѰĵطôȥСһԱûС
һͷԡ


237 Ѫ
һԵϷӵĻǲĶСƺҪë׵СһϿһ㲻ͬ
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һĶϷӺͷԣЩ׹漴Ǻȷŵʵ˼շ
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ΪţСǾԲẦģȻСǺȻ⣬ֻ谲ؿűɡ
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Ǻԣʮ˳ص˵ͷܵűߡ
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꣬Ҳͷ˼ýʲôأ
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Сڣ૵ظš
ѾСĶǺʣƺڡСڡʮֲ໵ؽ
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ȻʱǺʵ飬ỹЩɻһΪλԼǩԼ²˵ʱ򣬸οڻ˯֮Уֻʱһɻѹ
СѾԼޣȴٺúǡ
˼ˣ漴˵ǻǿ뿪ɣҸоΧƺһЩϢ߸ǰСĶġ
˵òΪߵĶԲŸϹģСڴ򶷣ϸһʲ֪ʲô顣
˵ţޱ뿪ųзӶȥ


238 ɲ
֮ʱ߱㴫һеʺ
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Щãգգ۾̶ߺܿصϣȥһ۱㿴ǹе
ģãȻʵ
漴뵽ʲô͵۾˵ᣬҪԸԵ󣡡
˽ἱæץסǰߵ裬ϸûˣİɣڡ
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ȻѾΪԼԼޣӦòԼҲʮֺ棬ΪǺʻΪ
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239 ĶǺ
Ƶ۹Ľҳҡ
ҵĵҼңޱλϣһ˫ЩǵĿ⣬ȴһŲϵһӡ
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ӱ֮ǰҳֹ˿ԴʵĻüͷҲ漴һ˵԰꣬һǶǾԵʵ벻˵ΪȻԤеĻҪǿϲ١
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ԣĿ΢΢һЦеضǺӡ
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һԵҼ״΢΢һ֪̾˿̲ڧʱȻҲЩ֮ǰΪιϵغǰ˺˿̼ȻѾߵһֻ֣ǾԵҲ׷Źǡ
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ʱСڼ˵ΪСϴļʱֹ֣ͷӣһ֪壬ҸܹĺģұǩѪ
һͣͷðߡһǰƶˡ
һͷƷĶǺȴҲǼ飬һƺЩëȴΪ
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ЦЦŹֵСҲЩΣȻѾΪޣȻҲÿ
СԴ˵Ժ׼۸Сڣһ첻㷹ԡ
˵ţҲСﲻؽֱ뿪
С۳ݵؿıӰаϴϴȻɵؾͽϴ


240 һ
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ᣬһ㶼΢ϻǻشҪϡ
ݹϣϸһ飬֮󣬲üͷ塣
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ʲôƾʲô㣿Ҳֻյ֮ߡʵ
ԣ΢΢һЦ˵ȷʵ˼ܣҲǰȻֲңôԼΣ


241 צ
Ż뿪Ӱ᷽ųʵ׵ĻǷţ
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ȻˣǾ͵һҲ޷
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ԣҡҡͷ̾˿˵ҲΪ
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Ϊң׺ܸɴػش
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ҲǻҼ⣬ϣףӶûߵøԶ
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˵ҹ飬Ѿ˻ףѾû·ΪһɶõĻ顣
ȻҲǵ飬˶ѡ
󣬻ҹҵʧҵΪأһЩϺ;ӪΪ˹룬ҼҲ
ңΪΪԽҼһ˿ҲǰΪ֮ʱĽҳǣԲûз⡣
˵Ѿ֪Ϣظϡ
ڻңҼԾȻֻͻԼĸ֪顣
ڴ֮ǰѾܵؽ󲿷־ӢӵطȻұ濴ȥĴ󣬵ȴԶûҺ˽ǡ
Щر̲ס޼
ûʻģҲҪʡ
ĵ̻ᣬѾһֻצôʣµıɡ


242 ·ɱ
Ľҳǽ⣬ʮĹ·
·ԶһСɽУüͷǰ̵Ĵ·̶ʵ˵ǻ׻᲻ƭǣǡ
վԣΧľԼӰ˵ӦòᣬҲɵӣһǿƣǴδҲ̫˵㡣
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ȻỰ䣬ԶԶżӰɿشԶ۶
ѾͷȥӭǵĿˡ΢΢һĨȣ˵
ط׼ѾͷҲûҴ꣬ƾʲôҽеôС
ѵˣԭ;ͱռ⸱֮󣬼䶼ˣǸСѾͷҲѵÿЦ
Ҳ֪ΪζУֻΪ֪ݵеһͻħǲ֪ȥ
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ֻǣޱȲǣΪǺʻվһ𣬿ģƺʮ˵Ļ
ʵ÷ȵ˸е˼顣
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½ͨػû֮зӦʱкâһͺȵСڣһ
СڼǰԼѰͲסһ£һСɽ壬漴ͬһ̹˰㣬Ұس˶֮С
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Ҫ֪Ǻʵǿ󣬾ԼҲҺƴ
ѵǰ˵ΪǺʻҪǿϲֹһ㣿


243 ȫ
һ뵽ǰ˵ΪȻ֮ߣ½ͨһ亹
һͷǺʱ㲻ܶԸڼһΪԼҪ߳ٵǿߣ½ͨһ
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ңҸͬʱɣϵһ׵㣬ϵΪȨȻûиôȥͻҵͷλá
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һԵ죬м˵ǸˣıƵļһѣһ˾ܽ
ϷԣһֱŵԣҲЦЦ˵ȻʵҪģò˵ʱıҲܸĺôͱΣҪûлṩϢֻҪԵĽһѵս
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ô˷ʲô᲻ʵ
һȻ˵Ȼǰˣ㲻һֱǷ飬ԺҪʲô㣬㲻Ͳܾܾˡ

ϷӿһŮдһ˿ζ΢΢ȻΪá
пյ߼ѾЩϰߣֱĻ漴˵Ǿж
ͬʱаţ̻ᣬֻصϢ
һ죬ǻΪԼҵŸ޷ܵĴ۵ġ
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245 ծ
ڵҹ֮ϣ¸¹⣬Ϊһɴȥء
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ңԺķڣڴ֮ϣҹͬɫӣʱȴǺâǡ
ǾˣᣬɲҪʧ
ʱ⴫һϸ΢Ķţԭ̷ҼϹܼ˽
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أ
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ֻ߳𣿡
ˣλ϶ֻ֧ҪҹƻɹȻܹϼλãߵøԶܼҼԼСųлЩ
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תһ룬Ⲣʲô̫ȱ㣬ϾᣬϹܼ뱲ӵҲǱǰλɱ˶ʮ꣬Ļ̣ʤ¶ٵſ
պܹȻܹµĻԻ͡
ؼҲǿһ㣬ŸԸԼƻ
뵽ϹܼЩȻԻĹϼһǰһж׸˻ҡ
ǰģֻȫȫĸףֱܳ׶һ棬ȥҲԺЦȪ
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Ϲܼ΢΢һᣬ˵͸ͷ໰ˣ򲻿ɺʹΪУûг˽Էʵ֮ǰԴ⡣
ϹܼҵķȰײûκβǵЦص˵ͷ˵ܼԼǣΪȷʵɲ⣬Ҳ֪㣬ǿߺͼߣԼһߡЩ˷ŵĶһɲС
ɾηȻһҹ֮ȫûʵ¡
ԭͷӶˡܼ΢΢Ƿ˵
װ˰֣Դϵ˵ܼˣһʮᣬȻЩϾ㣬պܼҶǡ
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ȴû뵽ʵǻ׺ƻõһȦס
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Ϊ֮УҲֻһ˱Ƚϼ֣˸˼ɡ
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ῴǰӣǹһĨЦ˵Ҫˡ
ٱһ
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ղŲִ֮䣬ûϸ˿̶һ͵һ̶Щȵس˵
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СǻΪʲôҪôƥأʲôЩʵš
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Ȼƽϲ죬ԱģеܿģؼʱҲǲ֮ˡ
һѾӵ︽ʱ׼֡
ԸʵһӣֻҪһǿߣȻҪϼѶȡ
ͬʱĳУһâֱš
ѿվף
С̫
֮ϣХжϣ˫͵һһ㸩¡
˵ĹƵػײһεشɢȻ󣬽ǵضǼΪ׳۵ڰлΪӨķĩ
ðԵû˿ԤױǱ÷ơ΢һ㶣ʧ
ûľȣٴζֱϿմнȻ¡
˴ػӶǽȫ˺ѡ֮Ȼһǳǳغɫۼ
ȻһεĹûǰǰƣӳ֮ʱӣȴǱüεĹ죬̺ƻ֮ǰĹܹ
ɶôûСӵ̫ԵԱ߻иСѾͷʱ̶ԼȥƬ̣ȻҪΪš
ͬʱС˺岽ȻһƾЯű䳹ǵľ̶
ǾȻѡӲԵӹһĨĳȻ٣ǱӰһ
һ𣬶ʱһȦ͵ӽӴɢԺڵĵһ֩һѷ졣
ƣ
ոսӣӰǱѹһ乭״һȣһӰȻ飬Ľ


246 Ԯ
ǿߵĶԾɵĶȻһ
᱾ΪҪһ磬Ȼȫİת֮δ׽ʵȻֵܵ
ֻһУ޼ɹĸ似δʹãֻƽ似ѿվףǰ㳹ױɢˡ
ˣڷĹ֮һǰ˿ûκμ״ɫ䣬ݺһҧȫ˿ɿȥ
ǣôѡ
һȣǧٴʩչͻȻ޷ٶȷɿ쿿
һ似ͬʱԼʩ˵ǧֲͬϵ似ͬһʱ䣬ͬһ˵ʹó
ǰǾҲ飬ǰᣬȻܹڰ֮תֻǵתȵһϵ似ȫͷųȥܹתһֲ֣
ͬڿڰ֮еξ֮ѾڳһеϵͳһСأСصڡ
仰˵Ҳ˵ܹս󻯵ʩչԼ
ҲһȱݣǱǶʵڱҪöࡣ
ռݵ⸱ԭ֮ǰѾǿߣٴͻƵ֮մԼ壬ʹҪ߳һֹ
Ϊ᷽ܹĵʹ˺ķ˫似
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ҲĿǰ޶ȣڴ˻֮ϣʩչһϵ似ǲĿǰġ
ȻԺǿܾͲһˣҪ˵أأأͬʱʩչϵĲͬķ似Ҳδزܡ
һԵڿͻȻȻͬϢһ
ﵹûע⵽ô࣬ͻٶߣͬȰԼоĪ
ֵֻüһӣ
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ֻҪץסôҹսѾˡ
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쳹ı֮ϷӵɫҲ΢䣬ĿǻƲ籩ɢһӦ˵Ӱǵ֮ڡ
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˵Ŀɨɨ֮󣬱Ƕ֮ǵӰϣһʱɫǱЩ
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ģ²˽ĻһӵܽĿɿڴͷݺݵһһĿ⣬תͣڰյϣʲôȻңģʮɡ
ʱͷ亹һĭĿУǶһɵңʵԶԶѷɫᣬҪǸղűһԷһǣǵ³
ȿȣ
ҵĿţһڿѪϵۼ˶ܹѪƼһЩƬȻһΣﲻʧһֱۣڵƣҲǰδеأһ㲻ã¡
һĻһ˽һۣΪƽǰеͬʱһ˿⡣
صˣܿҲȻº棬˵պʵǲܵ¡
ѪĭϵĴչԹᣬжԺߵĺ⣬˿ֱ̼죬֮ʵգȻһСУ֮ѪõƽϢеıŭ
һԵλ۷ߣģȻɫǱ䣬УȴҲӿһĨ֮ɫʵ˵ȲˣôҲڵǿߣҲһҲڽ
û뵽ȴǻ³
ִ£Ǿȡһǣ㶯ôƽҶ³ߣ֮Щŭ
ˣ˵ЩҲûãһʲô㻹֪񣬿ǴһǰΪʤȯգȻԸ˹ȡͣٺ٣ҿǱ˼ұƳǲᶯÿռġЦ
˵ĵҲӿЩŭ𣬵ڵȴû˿ĻڲϴľʹĸһΣܵˣѾǴﵽĲΣŪã»ǻǱס



247 

Ȼ˲ѣΣ˵֮󣬻߹
˴ʧܣݱ¶ҪΣ²ٹͣҴ˿̱㽫͵նɱƳһۣĵ
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ΨһܹģǽЩץסһ㣬Ӧ֪
£˵ȥ֮ⲻһ𷣡
ԣæͷǰﻹܹܵסСѾˡ
һһɣ֮Զһգ۱Ѿʧ
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Ȼһ۷ǿߣһǴðġϷԶһһߣɫҲЩĵ
գҪʤǲףһʵﶼҪǿһߡɫĮĵ
˵վɫûжı仯һ㡣
˵Ҫƴһˡеȴû˿֮ɫ
ֻǣͬͻȻֵϼһﲢ׶Ը
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ռѷ측֣ӡٶһ䣬ѷͬյķŰ㣬򿪣ռŵĳ֣ͷϣҲǸϸܵ亹
漴һɫĹâ˲佫С
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أ
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أ
˾룬ҲǶܲˣֻܽʵʵİһ
µľŴйһ̣ǰԵĳһΣŲҲ˺üżݺһǿסΡ


248 ƻӰ
һ˺ʱüͷͻȻ΢΢һ壬ƾųɫ֪һ̣ϢͻȻࡣ
ɻʱѹȾٶϮⷢƵˣٶȿþȻ޷塣
ͷ˸ᷴӦȴǲһͺȣȫɽڼӿת˲̳һϡ
һϵġվѽࡣʱʩչûκμ϶
ɣǵŨҾҲǽصĺǲʵ֮ϣռ䶼ǳЩ𶯵ۻ뾢
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һȭᣬЦһҲ׷˺һ
Ų˺ͫ΢΢һ֣˺ʱϢʱ½Щ
΢УͷһŴһȭһѷ·һĨŨ֮ӿ˳¶ţǼ˿ڱٶȻظ
ŷֵһΪѾ֮֮ؼΪˣʲô¡
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һţ漴˱˴˶һۣ漴΢ɲ໥صͷ
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Ŀ˻ӰɨȴǻһĨЦ
ڶʱ·ᣬµĻ˽ͷһϷӺСڱ˦֮󣬱׷ֻϷӵΪڣ۷ĵˣ޷ǵĶ˿óȻ֣ûκΰš
һ̾ϢϷֻվһԣ۽еĵӰ׼ѰѵĻ֡
ʱˣһȻط˾磬Ҳֻطǿܺ۷ǿȡ
ղĽֶΣҲ޷塣
аԼղŴλã˿ˣʧȥս
ò˵ȻûʹطԼľ磬ΪǶصİ֮ȷʵһǿ߻Ҫǿϲ١
ܵ˹ĹһԼ֪ǵĹֶΣֻҲĲ²⣬һ̽
˼ˣ΢΢𶯣ʣУȴǾâԡ
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΢ףĻôӦֻҪܿǸ𹥻˵ģٳûһˣô⹦ǻᱻȵóֲС
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أ
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ĿǰɫЩ仯ᡣȴһЦȻһԼС֮ϣʱһɿŰݴˮ㣬ǵصı
أ
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ٶܴˡٶĻҵ
һǿסΣ֮ؾ֣ϼһĹƺЩԤϡ
СӣҲһ㶫նٶȽΧЦȻܹоǰǹӽһˡ
΢΢üͷϵƣҲǳһȻǻıϣƴͻȻλ貵ɫǿ⣬ɹâѸӶϡһ䣬ǽ御âӶϣҲȻֻûöȴڴ˿̶Ȼɫ˫ȥλ죡
ǧ
˫תβӰɣƬ̺ȻһšҲǺݺһ΢ɫ£óȫͬɫӰƾճԡ
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ɫӰһ֣˱Ƿֳλڵķ򣬶Ȼ
ǸֲĸǱ壬ĸǲӰӰɫڴ˿̱쳣ѿ
ûע⵽ǣᶯֵһ̣һӰͬһʱˡ


249 ļƲ
֮ͻȻһĻҲ·ߵĹעһȻ쳹
ͻȻֳֵɫӰϷҲĿɿڴƬ̺󷽲ž̾СӣֺƺЩͬÿζ˾ȡ
֮ϣɫӰʱɫ׶ȱҲǸֲӰһǱ
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252 峿´
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ҩ֮ϣöлصţĵ˵ͷЦ
ȻҲǲ֪ҩźȴܹ֪ԼǰʹõЩҩ¶ֻݡ
ָᵯһָ֮⸡֣ĳ֣ڵŨȶʱ˵Ȼû˿谭ЧĿĶҩƬ̺һӣ֮Ǳ˳ҩͨڣӿҩ֮ڡ
֮һҩȻͣΪܻ棬ȼ
֮ҩ֮пӿϵͷſֲ¶ȣЩ¶αǣҩȻû˿Ķʹ¶ȸߵúˣȻ
ö
۾ȵĶȻƬ̺̲סĿ޵ȻδʼƵҩⷬ̽ȴܹµҩжİԺ˵ʹҩɹʶ٣һҩʦ˵ʲôһܹɹʸӾ߱ҩ
֮ķУҩ֮ڵ¶Ҳ𽥵ĴﵽҪĳ̶ȣʱ䣬ҲǷķһ鵤ƷʽⵤҩҩħѴֻһֱûжֶѡ
ؽ鵤ҩԺз˺üκһӣǰļ¥ҩıֱӱһɾͽ˻ܵҩ֮ڡ
ҩĸոһҩǸ֮£һۿɼٶȱÿήҩȻ֦Ҷήɵĵطȴǻ͸ɫ˾Һ壬Ƭ̺󣬵֦Ҷ׿ήһΪҽƮʱɫͬҩҺƯ֮֮ϣڻ˿£Ľ̺ȥ
Ƴһ֮˿£ľҩҺ΢΢ͷʮָָĵǰڷŵҩĽ׷ɶҩ֮ڣҩķľ󣬿Ϊ׳ۡ
ȻǷȻǲ˴Ϊȴǲͬʵıǣ֮ͬĲٿҲԽӾı£ʹưƷҩĳɹʣҲﵽһĸߵĵز
ҩһҩ֮ڣѮΪĩҺУˣʱƣֻҩ֮ڣҩҺĩԽԽ࣬ЩҩҺǸȵģͬȼУҲһܹӻ𣬻˵ĻĸҸ㣿
۾Ķҩ֮ҩҺĩ֮һҩģҲǱᶪҩ֮ڡ
һҩĽҩ֮Ҳ𽥵أƵҩЩҩģȻҪΪöಽȴȫһǳɵľҩУҶÿһҩĶܹŲͬĻֳɾֱͣͲͬն
ӿҩ֮ڣָ»ȴδ谭ůĸоˮ泩
ӿ룬ҩ֮ЩҩҺҲ˲䱻ȡ˾ԵĿȨƬ֮һӡȻһ䣡
ӡ䶯ҩ֮ڱ»֮类˴߻һ㣬Ȼ䱬Ϊֲ¶ȣǿֲ¶֮£ЩҩҺҲڼٵĻӷ
ҩҺĻӷغʣҲǳ׵׵

͵͵ĺȻкȳҩ֮ڣʮɫ˾ҩҺһЩҩۣܵǣһ㣬ٵһתȭͷСҩҺ壬Χ̻ĳȸ£СС񽫽СʱȭͷСҩҺ壬ֻĴָС𽥼תٶ£ܹһöҩΣڻΣ
ǳεĵҩΣ΢΢һ鵤ȻƷҩɶƵҪȴǺܸߣⵤҩЧֻ̫࣬һЩ˷ҪˣҲãʵֵʵһö鵤ļֵȲͨƷҩ
֮𽥵¶ȣΪһȭͷСĻ棬Ưöɫĵҩ֮£΢΢ͷŵ¶ȣƵҩĺ裺͵
ŵ¶ȵɫҩεҲ𽥵ıԲҸй
ԼĪһʱҺһҩһͻȻҩӿʱŻ۾ЩĿЩɫҩڶҴɫζȻɫҩУεĴܶӲȥ
ҩȻڸƷҩʱ󣿡ȵҩ㹦Ч̲ס̾һƬ̺󣬷պе죬һӣҩԶƿһöɫҩһзӶȵץУȻ׼õҩƿ֮С
ҩ籦ʯйɫҩһЦΪֻҪܹƳƷҩôѾ߱˸߼ҩʦʵȻ鵤ֻƷҩΪͼһ֡
һֱðҩ߳ɹʵ˵Ѿʮ֮Ľ
ɱˣӴҩʱ䣬һꡣ
һʱѾܹΪ߼ҩʦ붼顣
еϲѹ£Ŀٶתǰڷŵҩ֮ϣЦһĺóһʱУҪҩ˰


254 ļƬ
Ƶ۹һ֪ĵΧһƬɫ֣֮УԿһֵĹϽ
¶ģʮֹ죬˵ǳϢ
֮Уһ֮ϣʱһӰٴˣȻϳǰһϵĹӰȻǰйһе
ǰ֮ϣһֵĺӰɢһη循ֵϢ
ʱǺ֮еӰڷֹǰӰһɲ˿ĳ˵һ˻
ǡˡη壬¶һ˿Ϳ־塣
ҷʲô顣
ûκУĶУȴĵ׷һĪĿ־޷Ƶ
˿̶㽫֮ǰս飬һһʮ˵˳
ãںеӰٴο˵˵Ǹ˽Ǵˣ
ǸСѾͷѾͷϢӦˡ£˵ˣѵҲ飿
ƺȤǺӰ΢Щ仯
Ӱ뷨Ƭ̣˵ˣǽҪô
ô֮УһĿ⴩ͶϣҪʲô㲻Ȥѵиôܾ׵Ľɱ
΢΢һ㶣ȻףǹӦһ̶ȥԼӰ
֮пһ֮ǺӰ˵᣿߸óƺΪ
Ƶ۹Ľҳڣվһǰϥ
˿̣һֵֻضͷ֮ϣ˫գǿ֮͸ָΪý飬͸ʶ֮С
֮ǰѾԼƳɹ鵤¡
鵤ǵħϵһֵ;ĵҩ֮ǰȷʵδţŵ֪ǻħԼоĵҩ䷽
ڻħȻܹƾԼзĵҩҲʮ
ǣħ֪ҩʦʱ򣬻ħȻԥؽ鵤䷽ᡣ
Ȼǵһγĵҩ׵ĸҩӵеĶҩ䷽жȣȻɵһƹ̡
֪֮˳ܴһԭҪ鹦ڵײԽ̵ʱ䣬ʱǳ
ǰһ飬Ѿ֪ʩչطǿԼľ磬ĺ֢ʹľӶʹһʱ޷йͨ
ˣ᷽Ż鵤ľ
Ȼ˵ʶʮ־ܺصڣֻǵ鵤޷ֱӽκã˿Ҫľǣ̷鵤֮Լǿ֮ڵľºϵ
֮ڣܿҵǱԺȥήҵľ֮
丽һɸΪŨͼľںš
֪Ǳ鵤
²ûûĿǰήҵľ޷ס鵤ǿһûпΪ鵤ĹȥǿʢӶƻʶһճɵĺǲ롣š
漴΢΢һЦȻѾ֪龰ôȻҲȫĶԲߡ
һӴ֮漴ӿԺ֮Уһԭ͵ز
ȴǲ⣬ʵʶֵıܷӦѡ
֮ٴηųܿ죬ǿ֮ѹ֮£漴
֮ɿǹ鵤ͷų䳹װС
̶Ƿֳһ֮ήҵľ֡
֮Ӵһ˲䣬ľǲϵš
֪˿ʮֹؼвĥ˺
С˵ʮĲٿԼ֮ȻᾡľԼ⣬ͼⲻľ
Σǿ󵽸޷ֿ֮ʶ֮еžھ޹֮ǰ
״Ȼ֪²˳٣漴ͬʱٿشһ
ĿǰҪľǣԼ֮Сĵıǰƽ⣬ֱľ鵤ȫղһΪΪֹ
Ĳٿ֮£Ȼ鵤ʮ˳ľ˿̾ͬһ̰Եĺͯһ㣬Щ̰زȡͬƷζĴ͡
⸱ǾЩЦҲԻ˵۾ΪʵĶһһʹ˵ʡ
̰ͬԵĺͯһľʵֻһҸСŮ
ֻƽԻ˶޷һͨŮӿη塣
һֱڣҲֻǰŻ޹˼ɵչ¶Լıԡ
ˣΪǰǶеᣬʹλճĽᣬԼҲ֪Ϊʲô
鵤ıľ֮ʱͻȻֳһЩֵĻ档
һ㶣̶Щ֮ʱ
ǡļ䣿
漴㷴ӦΪԼ֮Ӵߴ˿̵̫֮С϶иУԱǺ޷̽ļ䡣
һ治᲻ȴ޷ֹ˿עڵ֮һľпܻܲס鵤ǿӶ߻ħ
֮£ֻüе״̬һ治ӹ
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ͯ˵ʮֲ԰ףʮ֮ǰԼĸ׺͸⣬ҲûмˣΪ
ʱڴıˣʱǸʱ򣬶һʮŮ˵һõʱ⡣
֮һļƺ˶ϲ㣬ٴת֮ʱѾһ˴ܣȻһӣȴ˿Ůӵģ
ʱҲǵһγǰϵıôĮ˿С
֮Ļ棬һݷʮȫ
ܿ죬ûκ丸ףǲڳļ֮С
΢΢һ漴ϧ֡


255 ֮ı
Щĵվ᷿֮⣬ǰظϻԼķ䣬һк̬ء
ʱǰԾȴһվԡ
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׳Уʼ˳ڱۻİ£ЩұӿδĶʱ䣬Ǳȫ֮Уѭ·Ѹתѭת֮Уһ֮еоҲǻӿͷ
ǰĸо֮ʱԺڣΧҲǷӿתͷγһСϴз籩
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Ժ֮УХʵİ߲ƣѤɫʽСԺӡյøľͷϥᡣ
ϷҲǱ᷿еı仯ЩʵСʲô
һԵĵػشҲ˵ڱչأҲ֪ûΣա
ϷԣĿ籩ûκεףֻðοСڳˣЩϵľٶҲǲܵ顣
ᣬ֮Ѵñ۷ǿ߻Ҫǿϼ֣ˣֻҪ㹻ѣһȫۣô۷壬Ҳˮ֮£
Ϊǰʱߵ·ȴǸӵĸӶ䡣
ȴ֪һ֮ͻȻ߲Ҫ۷壬ʲôֻЩ룬޷֮ıߣôȴ³ֻɣһ;
Ϊ֮ƣǱӴڿסǱߵֻ֮һȡһΪΣյ顣
ǣʱȣҲû취Ψжһˡ
˫ǰţȫ
֮ڵľѾչøӹɵ֮ǰҲǳɼ״̬
ԽǸ߼ȻԽѣֵҲԽΣգԽ֮ȫעݲһ˿
ʱڵȻӿһɹܵĳǣһ㣬ٵĶڵӿȥ
ӴзɿŨǵȴǱԽԽСֱһžŨ
עžһһ
ʱ°ľ죬Ȼľ֮С
䣡
ӿγɵİѭϵͳ֮ʱ֮쳹һ㣬Ǽ䣬һ˺Ѿʹϯ
ӿԴԴϵĹע֮ڣֻǾܵ⾫Ϯ֮Ҳ
žܹĲԼ֮ڼš

ʱˮڲ䣬ĵĴָ
СݣߵĲ
˫Ŀգ˫ֽӡ䣬ɡ
״̬Ѿάҹݶ籩ȴûгɢȥҲĽҳ˵Ĺע
Ȼһᶼǲö֪ǼΪĺ䣬һ˿˿ŵɫĴΧ籩˳ĺڡ
ƽȣῪʼ̰ȡ
ʱ䣬ѾǱҵĻ֮ѹȥ˿֮ѾٴΪء
֮Уɫ΢΢˸һ˿˿º͵ӷ籩֮ɢȿֺڡ
ɫԽӿԽֻ࣬Ƭʱ䣬ȫУǿĴ壬Ҳֻ֣ԶԶȥΪ졣
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ΪӿԵʣɫ΢Щ죬ŵâ͸
֮ȡΧᣬѾһĽΧռеڱѸ
ɫļӿ籩֮УɫҺɫԽԽڣĳһ̣ɫ籩ٴαһ͸ɫͨС
һ仯ʧȥɫ֧֣Ҳ漴ɢ֮С
û˷籩֧֣ϵĵɫҲǻڵֻܴУȡ΢άת֮á
Ӵƽ֮ıȻѾƽǽĴȴҲ޷ȫƽϢ
Ϊ֮ʱһ̣ɫʧǣؿڴıͻâ΢һɫ͹â漴Ͷ֮Уʱڵʼת
˱֧֣ᾫΪ֮һҵ˾ƭһ֮˫ֱӡͬʱźŨ
ֹȡڳСʱڿʼ𽥻ʱĹâѾֱ䵭˼֡
һº˳źڣӣ΢ţ͵һҲС΢΢ȻڵͫУɫâӹ΢΢ŴһЩǵ壬˳
һ壬ӣʱ˼֡
۾˰ΣŤŤӣһĹͷ죬΢΢գһɳʵ֮УõһĨϲá
΢۾ӦһǳӯĶ֮Ц૵
û뵽ȻøͻȻ֮ѹȥʹԼƺ˱仯


256 ֮ĳں
鵽𣿡
һѹĴ֮УһΪʵӣؿŰڵµӰüһɲŭƣʹúӵ˽ǸеһĪѹȸС
ӵʻǰڵϵĵӣɫһ̶࣬شϢӦɡ
£ǵӳƬ֮ʵҪô˽𣿡
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ԣǡ˵꣬һ䣬㾶ֱʧڴ֮С
Ƭ֮ǵӴӵվſտĴ΢΢̾˿ת뿪
Ƶ۹Ľҳǡ
ڽҵ֮ѹȥ֮󣬲ûüң˳֮ʱȴһ̶Ľе׿
ľͨΧӣƺǽһʮľ硣
ķ֣γɵİѭϵͳССĹ㡣
ףʲô
Щɻ󣬼̶ӽССĹ㣬ϸ۲֮󣬷ŷССĹ㣬ֱ֮ͣϣֱΪԼ֮ϡ
ϸһǷڵͨĸϡܹССĹ㣬ֻŹâʵ̫΢ˣ΢ģ޷õ
ССԳƵϹĹ㣬ȫŹڸǡ
ϸ۲ѰŹ㣬ͻȻһƺ˸Ǵڰ
һŹɢϤϢжϣҲΪڵͨŹ㰵޹ԭ
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ŹΪҫۣӦΪ֮ǰķ£Ϊʹõľ
֮ˣΪ֮ԵʣŹȻǰҫۣ䴿ȴߣħҪƫ͵㡣
ڵı仯֮һ漴иֳһ󵨵뷨̶ͼٿŹ㣬ϵ롣
ܿ죬ֲͬԵƺʶش
ɲͬԵڽ̶ҴܣһͻؾԼԼ˽ƺﵽһµĵز
ƺ߽һµĿռ䣬ǰ˸Ļ⣬źʵĴأޱߵĴ󺣣ïܵɭ֣޼᲻ݵķ
˵˿̰֮ڵĿռһĿռ䣬ôĳǶô𺳡
֮вĳԾѡ
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ʵϣֲ֮ͬȻѾĸеһֿռĳΡ
üͷѵŹڲʲô䲻ɲɣ
ɫĪ⣬Ƭ֮ǳ׵ĳ˰ѭϵͳ֮С
Ҫһһ仯
㱼䣬һֻص磬Źսսְͬתš
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ÿһ֮󣬵֮ʱضͬȵϵɢȥ
սУŹײǽԶͣڵͨϸСĹһͬ˽
ȻŹʮ΢ڽս֮󣬲ûǰ㣬ֱӱ𣬷Ź໥֮Уз档
֮УŹγһ۵ֻؾ磬һֲһ֡
ļ룬µ磬һȫ磬Զκθı䡣ģгһ˿ı仯ֻҲͲ뵽ɡ
ڣ˿ȷʵһصĿռ䣬Ҳ԰֮Ϊ硣
ȻҲ硢סˮȵȡ
ǰ֮ΪֻҪǰȫͿάȥҲϵչš֮ѾγһСתĿռ䡣
ռĻİֻ֮Ҫ֮תݣôռԶҲʧɫıˣͻȻ뵽һܿԵ顣
һʹð֮۶ɹҲ˵֮ͨô֮ڵĿռǷΪһȫµ
Ƿܹ֮ͨƿһרģ϶һ޶
һˣȻҲǸеһĶҡ
רԼΨд˵вŹ飬Ԫ½Դ˰һϵδ˵гڡ
˵Ѿڳ˵İ֮಻Ǳȱ˶˼ѡѣܹרԼᲢۡ
̾һὫѹ뷨ǺõĵҪﵽȴס
һ̱Ҫͨķͨ͵ϵķᲢδķʣķֻΪͨķȻ޷ﵽƽ⣬һʱܹģȻǾǶˡ
ֲͬԵڰ֮ǻţƺŬάһƽ㡣
ڵͨ΢ҲֻǿɢҪһں쿪
ֻǣƬ֮ᾪȵķ֣ȻڵȻͬˡ
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˫Ŀʵһĸо
ڵİ֮ѾƽҲû˱ļ󣬵ǸոҪȫµȴǷ²ͬӤһ䣬ݷֻҪһͻ
ҪϵЩͬһ㣬ְصػΪ
ĳҲǼΪƣû뵽Լһͻ룬ȻĽ
µﻢ£ˡ
⣬ôΣգɾûԱˡ
һʱ䣬Ҳüͷϵ˼ŶԲߡ


257 Ƭܰ
ʲô˵ʧˣ
ԵԺ֮УվǰԾᣬһϸÿָָᣬһȵ˵
ݷʲô˼һ㣬ǺÿùԲһ𾪺Ͳ֮ɫ
ιôôֻ˵ʱ޷ʹãֲһӶܽ⡣һνؿĿϣһץСϵزŪǹСë
żŪСﲻͷ֮ʱСһ᲻طȻȻǱءѹ
СڿԼϴ۸ֻȴǲұ¶壬ſһԵ±ĿϢ
С˵ƺҲٱڷÿնҪĥˡ
ˣСڶڵǿȺǩ¶ǺһߵѪҲûκԹ
һԣΪʮչ񣬶ʱʱɨš
˵Լ֮ЩǣһȻı飬ҲƽϢ
һνӣûǰƽ΢˼һ£̶ʵǲΪˣŵ޷ʹ
Ҳȫǣֻһû㣬³Ҳֻᷢǰ˶ѡЦŽ͵
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˵ҲʵķڲͬƵ϶һ޶ÿһεı仯޷ϵġ
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ȻⷬѾ͵úȴΪ֮Ѳ˹ϵ
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취УֻҪʮѡҡҡͷ˵
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һԵԣ̲ס˵԰ᣬ˵˶󣬴һ룬İ취Ҳ˵
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Ȼ츳İ֮ʵδţǧɽڴˣҲһܹ˵Ļ
״ֻ˵Ǹɴ˵İ֮ڱŰϵǰһϵΪãΪһЩʣʹ໥ںͬҪЩҪϵܶȡ
ܸӡ
ȷʵֻϵķԭΪѾ㹻ϵϾҵרӶĵһǶģǲȥε˵
δϵʲôһ̶ʵ
ı飬Ȼ֪뷨Ц˵µûһǵķ֪ķΨӵУ֮ǰȻݣĹһЩķЩһЩ似ʽĺҲδ
һأ˼ؿһۣ漴ĵʵ
һͨķҲǳ͵֮⣬½ΪصһˣȻͨķû͵һϵǿʮСҲʹδһͨߣ˵ͨķˡᵭ˵
˵ͬʱȴǵͷԹԵʲô
ģЦ˵Ѿͷ㲻ö룬֪ΪѣҲûдҵķϾֻеķԶԶ޷µ⡣ҡ
뵽ʲôɫ͸һĨŹ֣漴տڲԡ
״ʵʲô
ûʲôҡҡͷ˵
ôƵʱΪ֮Ĵؿ̽ļ䡣
ҲޱΣʹСԼ䶼һһ̽
ѾȴһЩ飬ᶼ֪ñࡣ
ʵҲ룬ʱȴǲơ
صǣ棬᷽ŷЩСΪǿСѾͷȻһ˿Ľ֮⡣
һ㷢ֲΪκ顣
ˣողСĲ˵֮ʱ㼰ʱ򣬼̶տڲԡ
Ѿͷ֪Ƣǻˣˣڿûκսġͨˡ
ˣξʼտڷգ͸¶㡣
ΪʹиΪ棬ϵؾᣬ㲻˵ҾͲŹļơ
ֱŪһͷۣΪ֪⣬ȴҲ᲻һ˿ζ
һְĵš
ԭỳ˯СǱ˳òͷʵ̲סˡѽѽؿš
ֻǣС΢û꣬ͱһԴϣ̶նһԵ
Сʮίؽ̶ĻѰŰο
ЦؿͬСֵļһҡҡͷȥֹ
ѾܵĽӴݷǰܹ˼
֣֮ΪתעʹΪԼеھζѡ
СԺһƬ֮ܰʱæµһе˽
Ѿһܹһ˲ţԵҲ𣬳شҪԳ
ҲûǰϤĵĹ֮£ԵҲûʲô£˲˼ٶȼŵġ
ȻЩ̻ǰеСȷʵҲǸԵ˲Сգһ֮󣬱õ˽
Ǿϴһ£̻ݷ伣һ㣬ЩӶûκξٶ
ʱ˽һӦ̻ᡣ
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ǣһȺ˽ԵΧˣҰǵĿ˶ˡЩյ˵
ʲôˣôĿʲôʵ
Ҫҡҡͷ˵ҲЩ˸ϢҪʲôȴֻ˵Ҫһˣнġ
ĻĿⲻһͬͶᡣ


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ҲЩ˸ϢҪʲôȴֻ˵Ҫһˣнġ
ĻĿⲻһͬͶᡣ
Ҳһ㶣̶һɲõԤС
Ҳ˼˵ֱ飬̶˵Ѿǽ͹Щ˸붯ָǣΪֻ֮һͷסϢ
£ǶЩЩɵ̶ʵᣬڸô죿ǲ̻µ˰ɣ
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ʱҲû˹עı仯
Ѿ֪ȥһУȻ֪ȺҪ˵ģ̻˵ˡ
УЩ˵̻˵ӵ鷳
ᡭǰһĵʵǡ
ţ۾Ƭ֮󷽲صͷӦ
ʼջôҵңǸ˵ãǸ˵ǵİأЩԳ˵
ʱ㻹鿪Цع˵޷ʹȥͶ뿪Щ赲
˵ţ㳯ȥЩεһץס˵ˣܻһֱȥҲǰ취οҲܰΡ
ǡ˵ʲôȴֱӴˡ
ˣڻ𣿡ᵭЦ˵
˵ţ㲻˵ֱȺȥ
ȻΪʹð֮һںϣδܹﵽӦƽ֮ǰʱδ޷ʹǿ֮ɴڣδã֮׵Ϣ
һȻصʮ֮ãǿ֮ǰȴ޷ȫ㿪
ϵϢȴʮֲ죬ֻ˵ʵԼȫʡ״̬£Ҳ޷սʤ
˼ˣᷴƽ΢΢һĨЦ⣬ӣܶǲܵˡ
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˴˿Ҳǻع漴æȥ
ԺСǸܵΧղԣɰС۾ϸһѰ̶ĿϣմзɳһԾʮ׿֮ϡ
صĶʮָɾ䣬ûиκγظС
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ῴСЦԴ̶˲˵СһǸûءҡˡ
СԴ̶ؽһҲ֪ǷĻ
ĲиŬԵѾĽҳǵһ־ԽĽҳǵˣضᵽԵһ١
ɴ˿ɼԵӰѾһĿֲλ̻ô򵽾Եͷء
ʱԵҲǾۼ˴Χ֮ˣԵĴ󲿷ֶĽҳһЩе㱾µӵܣǰȺ˸˳Щӵʮջ𣬸ǷҪһسӡ
ⲻѾҷ׷˹
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Ȼ򷢵ֶξ΢Щ³ǽӽǵˣһñףûκη
ͷβԷֻһ˶ѡ
ȥʮ꣬ǹһĨ޵Ц֮ζȴΧ֮޲ľ
һҲסҪҲӵܣѾף޺˲ܹǵġ
һ˱Щȫ֣ǸΡ
ʱҲȺ֮Уԭݷᣬ˳ԺĶԲߣϾҺҲѡ
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һֱһԣĿ˼꣬ʱǻ۾
ĿȺ΢΢һɨǽӴĿˣǲ˺һ
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ܵĿ⣬Ųûзεҡҡͷ˵ȻŪ˴̣ܳ
˵ţǺЦһ̤˾Եſڣǳ˵֮С
쿴ģĿһݣ漴һ䣬ʮϢƳĵӽͬһʱ˶


259 ᣡ
ܵĿ⣬Ųûзεҡҡͷ˵ȻŪ˴̣ܳ
˵ţǺЦһ̤˾Եſڣǳ˵֮С
쿴ģĿһݣ漴һ䣬ʮϢƳĵӽͬһʱ˶
μ
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ΧΧ֮ˣԭ׼ſһϷԵżʱ˻𱬵⣬ԼǾ˵ۺ첻ѣǾԵ󱳺̫ǿֻѱʳɸɾ
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ǣ
ৣʮ˶ʮվͬʱ˶һתγһΧ֮ơ
䶯Χ˶᲻ΧᣬС
Щ˵ľٶȻʧЦ˰֣˵커˽ﲢûܹ˵ңҲûô޴ôǰѰ·
Ϊ׵ӣҲеԣɲ䣬һ㲻˵ԸҪ֤İȫĪҪΪ
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֮ǰص޼ɹܴһԭҲΪˡ
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ǡ£ԵЩԥ
˵鷳ָ𣿡
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֣Ŀһݣ̶һϢڱŷֱָǰߡ
ˣ


260 ľ
֣Ŀһݣ̶һϢڱŷֱָǰߡ
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ҲǱ׵һܿͻعǺ죬˫ֲЩ˵ʲôҾˣ
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⻰˵úЦĽҳǿĹϽ֮أһûЩ޼ɹʲôѵ֣߰СԴһԵģ
컹δ˵ʮѾΧԭûκβ۾ڿʱһ˿⡣
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ã׷Ŵ֮лعأԸп벻벻Ȼ˲򵥡
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ҡҡͷѾͷҲЩΣԲȥתͷ졣
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ֻܿԼ岻Ȱ˵
ᣬ̬˼룬漴֣صص˵ͷ˵Ȼִ£ԵȫػΣ
ţ岻ȥ𣿡Щʵ
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261 ƻ
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ԴˣҲǲų⣬ϾԪ½ǵȻҪõϵһԼ
ңͶ飬ҲǺϸ̸Ȼвû˵ôֱףȻҲеĺ塣
˴ŮӣֻܸпȻϱ£ⱲŻŮɵԼߡ
ԴһȺҵ֮ӱʮְ֪֮󣬱ҽʮӷֳ飬ҹػھԵΧԴ˱İΣ
˵ĵΪˣǱֵʮֵ壬ڵ֪Դ̬Ⱥͳ죬˼Ƕʮֹ֮
ǿܹ֮ϵȻÿμɱһĶĴ󷽣Լòʮ⡣
ȻϾȻʮֹһ㿴ִ⣬ǲܷԵġ
Ҳʮ⣬ڶԴʱǻ΢΢ͷʾ⣬һ˵ѾǼ䲻׵ˡ
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ûȤֻΪİΣǶѡ˵
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ЩӣҲ֪Ϊʵڵ췢ͻ֮ʱѾΪ
޼ɹĻػ޼ɹһаΣΪѴﵽ۷ľ磬޼ɹеǿߡ
֪򲻹죬ֻС죬ȥҲǡľͷľͷۡ
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֪֮һʼʮֲӦĵ֮£ܿҲȻ
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ӣ߱˵ãҹҲʱˣһ߰ɡ
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ʲô˼ҡһʱ䲻ɺ˼
漴ԶȥıӰžѣ͵سҿȷû˷֮󣬷׷ȥ
ᲢûзԼһȻľٶ˶뷨˿ѾĴ֮С
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ܸøң㵽Ҫʲô˰ɣɻʵ
ǰ߻ףչĽҳڵСʱûи߻׾ݡ
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ҲףҪ֪ҲûҪһУһҪޱӴʽԼܹڳ㹻˵ıãᾭӪȥˣüͷ˵
ȻʮҪһߣȴҲΪ˸˴Ĵۡ
ǿ˻׵ĵǣ֪˵Լϻֻ»ʳѰ
Ц˵ʽԵܹһ֣ҵĻҲ٣ǰڵʽ𲢲Ҫġ
ǣҪȥô˵ı׽ʵ
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ҡҡͷҵҵĺ޼ɹûйϵʵһҩʦǸ߼ҩʦ
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еͷϷ޷ǾǵҩͱɷģЩڸĴһЩ챦ʱһٸһЩн׵ķ似ؼЩѾ㹻ǰˡ˵
нķؼȷǿʮĶ㵱ҪЩóײʵ
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Ϊ˴ͷʵҲ֪ķؼ಻ʤóһֻҲҪһɧ
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ȻУЩķʲô˻Դ˸Ȥġ


262 ճ
һµһ峿̫ʱĽҳǸֵˣҵΧֵɽ˺
ңѾ˴פڴˣǿ˼άûгʲô¹ʡ
ȻֻһССĴ򶷣Ҳء
֮ľֻһǰͻȻڰºһ͵ᡣ
Ʒ˸棬֮ǽʱὫöƷĳ鵤ƷıԼһѵƷ
ǰЩǷ󣬹öƷĳ鵤Լ˵
Ҫǣҷųͷ֮ϣΪѹƷΪ֮һ
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һεĴֱʣȷʵ˲Сĺ䶯ҲһڰԻɣܹóôı
ȻĽҳǵĵλף½ȴҲʲô
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ῴ˵ģ֮ʱǲһĨζЦݡ
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Ŀ𴦣һĨЦԽԽŨԲûˣû˷ķٶ
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ᣬȻκ˶ܹģܽеĶݲ֮ˡ
ЩˣǸ󣬻߶һǿߡ


263 Ὺʼ
볡ɵĽţڿҺؼһ߽ͬ᳡֮ջ˴Ŀ⡣
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ؼѪϴԼңҵѲ˸ϵţǰ˺
ģǽ𣬲κηĻᡣ
ȻֻҪ޼ɹܹװ쵽
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տ֮ǵһ࣬һͨ巺ĳ֮С
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һЩӵеƷҲôġ
ԣƷıһڳΪ֮Ķ
ع˸ĦȭƣƺѾ¶ģҪõ֡


264 ˵ƾ
ǧϾң
δȻ׿ڣȺбȺˡ
ԶӰ轣ʿŵ˺ļ۸񣬲Цһ˵ǧϾңĪǰ˵ɵӡ
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˵ĲǴĲֻЩעһƷıĵ֣ҲСƾ˵
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ߴˣȴǲʶ˵ֳûмʶ
˶ֵؿˣ߼״ǵЦλҪɣֻУ´ұǸСѡ
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֣ᷢвȴڵĽ̸ʲô
΢ʮͨһۣĿ¶һĨɫ漴Ĭȥ
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ῴЩ˵ı飬ԼѾ³˼֡
ֻǣЩһ￴һ޷º°ˡ
ϾڻһϾ糺֮Уֻ˱ܴõŴ󲿷˶ѡߡ
ԴˣֻǵһЦҲȥᣬֻǸܹ˳УһΪƣΪ֪ȡ
Щ뿪֮ǷסĵõıǾҪƾˣ޹ϵ
ᵽβ׶ڽȥļ۸ʮ⣬Ѿݻ׵顣
Ȼ˵õܹõֻɣɣҲżʮϾҵ롣
˵ǱȲƵ밡
ż飬Ц˵ǱһƷ֮ǰλһ²⣬ҷģ֤λʧġ


265 Ǽٵ
ż飬Ц˵ǱһƷ֮ǰλһ²⣬ҷģ֤λʧġ
һССؽһ̴ľ
˵ĿҲ̴ľһƶš
жڲ²浽װʲôȻ֮ǰ糺֮лҪñ
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ңȻ˴һϾĴ󲿷ֶһЩͷĴ޼ɹȻУʵ㲻ʲô
һҲ֮ͨǰЩˣͲôˡ
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һͨͨ˿۵
ؼԺ֮ͷ漴ϸʧؼȻ󣬵ǻЩᡣ
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ΪҵһԱʮ󣬰ձ֣͵ֵܣҲҵĺӵܣ⡶ԪϤ쳣ʮıǡԪ
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266 ķ
µѴ֪Ȼ֪ôĿģҲûʣ˿ԣЦ
ԭǶ֪ζ⡶ԪǼٵģ
˿Ҳǻָƽǿѹе𾪺ŭ⣬˵½˭֪ıǡԪңԪ½֪ؼ⡶Ԫλ
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⡶ԪǧǰżȻãǧңⱾǼٵģǱǵȡһ֮ˣҾưոݣ۳ضŻס
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267 
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268 Ϣʱ
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269 
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޷ؼҵĸ۹Ƶ۹ڵ޳ͻҿǱ֮಻Ǹͷ¶β֮Ƽҵ׷ҲǸĽɫ
ֻ֮һαѩƹһѣƽ޹ʶ໨˼ϾңǲġͽС˵
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СһοǻȥˣҲ֪´ǵĻʵ۱¶УǸʲôӦ
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ΨһֻԼ֮лż߰ˡ
ݣڴ󲿷Ѿʮǿģ΢СֻΨֱ֮ѵ˸Ҷؼ֣
üͷһ壬漴֮Ϸն⣬ȵĸ󱲣еǰ
䣬ʱ䣬ΪһķԾȻҲԭ̤ʱ䣬ƾΪѴﵽڣĴƾѴﵽ۷壬ֻһѣܽ׼ǿߵĵ硣
֣ټһһٶ˵Ӱ轣ʿžˣҲֲ˺ãҪ˭ıӵȻҶؼ֡
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ͻȻǰҹ֮Уƾ߳һֻ޺һɫ·ͷ
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һǿߣһͷ׺Ϣޣƾ˸еĵǶԷ޿ʮСɢϢȴʮǿ󣬸ƾ˵ѹ߻Ҫø
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ܵԷƹѹƾգվǰ棬ǰʲôˣؼƾ
ƾǶ˵ģشȴһͬɽ޵Ʒޣֻֿ޿ڣЦһָƾҵľ㣬ƾ
ƾɫһ䣬ԭǴԼؼҵݣʹöԷٻֹ˼ɣû뵽ԷȻҵľԼ
ƾ𾪵ǣ޾Ȼ˵
ʵ̫ˣ֪ƷȴƷܹͬ
Ⲣص㣬ŶԷɱ⣬ƾֹ̧˺汩ŭ䣬΢˵λΪտ֮ǺͲ֮ж벻ǿߣȻΪտ֮ǺͲ֮Уϧؼңòʧɡ
ƾֻܲһǿǰ
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˶ԷĻƳһۣɹЦȴһԣĬ
ƾǰƷ޳ŪЦвĸоԽǿҡ
ѵΪտ֮ǺͲ֮У
ʲôտ֮ǺͲ֮Уؼңȫɱˣ˭֪ģƷ޺ٺЦ޴˸ѪĹâ
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ƷȻǰշĶǺʣԵϷӡ
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ң𣿡ڶԷɵ£ָָƾǰտ֮ǺͲ֮УûǴǰտ֮ǺͲ֮ӦԭС


270 è׽
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ǿ̽ǸصĻʹȻǰӵƷ޵ˣ
ϷȻҲǺһģͲ֪ǷҲ
Σ㲻Ҳͬ顣
һƷޱ㲻ܹԸ˵ˣټǿߣƾɫһƬȻ
ڸܵͻȻˣͬϢ¸Ǿޱȡ
һԵҲͬˣ˵һȺֻнΪӰ轣ʿˡ
ʵƾ֪ǣտ֮ǺͲ֮е߱ǰϷӡ
֮Կ̽ᱳʹߣĿҲΪ˴Ʒʲô˴ġ
Ҫ֪տ֮ǺͲ֮ȻֻƷͬȻҪ̫ࡣ
ңϿɲֹֻһѸΪ߽׵ĵƷ糺֮С
ѱȻͬƷصϣƾǷֳһ˿ƵĶߡ
ˣҶԣӦóͬһ֮֡
Ҳ̽ԭ
ҵʵˣؼһϲ١
ȻˣܹҵǱʹˣһ棬£ؼңǸؼ˲ʵ
Цǣֱ˿̣ƾҪѰҵ˳ǰȴɲ֪Ϸӵݡ
֪ǰʽֻҲЩʱ
ƾ仹û֮зӦʱкâһͺȵСڣȫɱˣ
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˲䣬ͻȻһźɫ˲佫˻˳ȥʱƾϾһϢ
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̧̧صƤ俴վǰǸˣڻǲ׶ԷΪҪɱ
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271 ؼҷӦ
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˵ںҶǸ
һٶӰ轣ʿһɶؼҵҵʱЩӰ轣ʿ״ʮңеѾֻʣ°ˡ
ЩӰ轣ʿ˵ؼֵǱŰɱ䣬Ǹģң
ؼңϵֵܱɱͬĻһٶӰ轣ʿ
ڶ죬Ϣ㴫۹Ƶ۹£ɣĽҳоеϢһԪ½Ĵ
ƾ䣬˵ΪҲʮֳ˵ݶͣؼҵϵΪɫֵܣͲʮΪѾﵽ֮ԣؼүذңһöƷϴ赤԰ԼͻƵ֮
ƾȴˣټһһٶ˵Ӱ轣ʿСӣȻȫɱ
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ƾ֮ߣһٶĬɱսĽߡ
ȻܵĻᶼûУ˵ʲô˵ԷʵԶƾһ
һ㣬ҲֻһЩˡ
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˵ϣƻҵѩƹƺؼֵܷͻ
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۹ұһðôĽҳǵֻһС磬İ࣬Ҳܺ۹Ტۡ
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ǣ׹һת˴

ʱĽҳǵľԵڡ
ϷӷǰѷͬâȻǰӦƾֵϵտ֮ǺͲ֮С
²ɱƾֵԼһٶӰ轣ʿ֣˿ſűߣʮίľӣ۲ʱسۡ
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֮ǰޱȣһſڱɱһȺӰ轣ʿСڣ˿ȴʮ˳صԴҳһ
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СԲĹĵڰз˼漴һɵת䵽ߡ
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СѾǰǰûãҲ˲ߣֻһȣ㲻ʲô
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ȻһʼûôЩ飬Ǵڵ֪ؼֵһӾͲµϡ
˴ҲΣ֮ԲôֻǲǶβ׵¡
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ؼҲ֪ǵ³Զ


272 Ϊ֪
ؼֵʱǹ˰µʱ䡣
ʱĹȥؼֵѾƽϢ
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ʱϣҪ߻ȡġԪվ֮ʱ˶һ
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˿̣ȴû뵽䵽
ʱȷʵҲҪⶫĿȻƽ⡣


273 е
һߣϸ۲
ʵһ˱Σ֪ʲôɵ
ԼĪֻһָͷô
Ҵһķ֮⣬κر֮
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һ֮ᾲųһʶ̽е֮С
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а֮ԴԴϵ룬ԭƽ߾Ƿһ͵⡣
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Ȼûκα仯֮ǿ֮͸һĨ룬ֱӡԺ֮С
ЩȤӳһƬ޵Ŀռ䣬޿ռ֮Ǿһ鿴ģƣʶһ̾漴Ŀɷһһڤ
˼Ƭ̣ĥ⡰ڤǺ˼ҲͲȥĥˣȽƷһԡ
漴ʶһ֮ϡ
һҲ֪ʲôʲôϵƤֻֽźֵܶ·ߣתƣῴۻңжϳһݵͼ
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ʶǻɨ֮ʱһ
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漴Щŵٴɨһ飬ʮֿ϶еĻȷʵһķ
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֪һͨķ֮лǸ˲ѡ
ΪʮεĽ׶ΣӵڵΪȴΪһαʶ¿һǿΪȴ޷õõ
޴ʹĸоʵǲܡ
ҲΪǶԸ߻áԪʱԥشӦԭ
Ǹʱỹ޷ȷǷҪġȴǲٵˡ
ܿ죬Ǻ嫵ķ֮УһϸϸƷζͨķҲһȫµ˽⡣
ƪķ֮Уͨߵصһ󲿷ֽ˹ͨһͨߡ
֪ͨٶȱҪ࣬ȱͬȼҪϲ١
ֲͨ߱һġ
νıߣʵҲǽǿʵʹͳϵŴͬСص㡣
ͨ߱һĸ棬ⱦߵγɲһͨʦƶɣͨѪͨϵĴӶγɵı֮
һͨȻֻʹһߣһߵγɼΪףԽǿı߸ѡ
ԣһͨеıҲֻһѾǼޣǱǾ޽ˡ
ķ֣ջνСǶͨߵţ˵һ촰
˿̣ѾȲҪһ
ͨʲôķǿ뵽ɿ찴ݿʼ
ͨķû֣ڤ֣ɴཫڤķ
ڤķãʮһ֪⡶ڤķƻ
Ҳʮַͨߵص㣬ͨߣٶȿڳˣҪһΡ
ķܹǱߵĴڡ
ڵᲢʮҪΪϰͨ߶ķ似
ĿǰҪ⡶ڤķʹڵİıƽ⡣
𾪵ķ֣⡶ڤķٶ֮죬ǻߵ
ԵῴδЩͶ
ҲǷ㣬ԷǿԼ޷Էգпܵ·ɡ
һоͿ˫֮ǿˣỹǶʮϲġ
ҪȥץȴǲסǱȴ벻ȡҲԭȥ޳ԹˣȥϾ̫캦֮𣬴ҶסҪԼ鷳Բġ
Ȼֻǵգ޷תΪԼãܿš
ʼܿܵķİ֮
ֻǣ漴ַһ⡣
ڤķᵽգؼڻá
ʱյռݵʱһɣںϵʱ䣬ȴռ˾ųɣ
һõĹ̷ǳһǳ־õĹ̵̡ǿҲĽȺٶȡ
仰˵ٶȣ²ֱգȻ֮ںգٶҲġ
ؼĲ軹ǻںϣΪһ塣ѵĻڡ
ѵĻڣȴûиܵڤķᵽļѡᵽڻõĹУԾ⣬Ƥȫλϴ
Уκһ֣ܲסϮͻɣƾΪӶ֡
תһ룬ѾȻˣϾǴ޵Уײ㿪ʼ
ΪڵǿߣȻӯڳõ£ǿ֮ͨˡ
ᷢ
һ֮ҲȻˡ
漴Ҳ֪ǷΪΪѾﵽһ硣
ûãоǰͨһϵǴ׳˲١
һ֣Ҳδ֪ϲͨĲ׳ڰƽҲǽƽ⡣
Ȼһڵģʱ޷ҵ
ʵҲ޷ֻʼվЩףԱʱһԣȥᡣ
ΪȣʱȥȽͨǿ
һڳԲɴӣ᲻ϸԼܺøԶ


274 ںϣ
᲻֪⿴ֻǼʱһαչأ¡
ڼ䣬ֻоڵͨϵţѾԵֵϵļѹ
Ȼ޷ﵽͬˮ׼Ҳ֮ǰǰ۸Сϱһ㣬ֻܶڽ֮С
ʱĹȥǰµʱ䣬Щķ֣Լڵͨɳٶȼ졣
Ѿܹϵ
ǣͨȴǳ벻ı仯
ԭǿƽİΪͨһϵӶ½һƽ״ˡ
ԭϲͨٶ֮ᣬвɴ󺧡
һƽıƣƽİǼ䲻Ĳıǣԭʱﵽƽİ˲
Űܡ
´󾪣æ֮ͼЩҴܵЧ롣
֮£ֻǿ֮ЩһƬռ֮С
ȴ޷ֹЩŰ
ἸеѹЩ֮ϡ
СĽԼ֮޷ЩŰ
ʱĵţ֮ѾɶļȥֻᱻЩȫʣһ㡣
й˺Զֹ֮ν˵һǧˣڳ֮ͬʱҲǼΪӴ
Ȼ˵ЩͨŬǿԻָʱ̫ԶĿǰʽչǵԼҲֻʣ¶ˡ
Ҫǣ֮޷赲ЩйǱ㲻ֻǵǰ򵥡
֮׹֮Ǳߵ᳹Ű𣬾ܵʱʣ࣬ȴҲھܹܵġ
õĻܹõģֻǻᵱ
΢΢һ̾û뵽һؾ͵ʴףҲԼ̫д
Ϊļ֮ʱڵıȴԽǿ
ȥգֻ±Ųסˡ
ʱֻԼ
˼룬Ҳ취֮࣬ᰵҧ¶˾ġ
ֻˣȻЩԲʱҲֻˣȴԼֻΨһа˵
绹򲻵ѣѡȻҲ
Ϊ˻ʣµİ취ǽҲ
һܽкͣӶﵽİƽ⣬Ӧñܽߵ⡣
뵽ǹغԼȻûʲôԥġ
ڵķᲢģ֮ǰΪʱؿ̽ļ䣬ȻȻҲǻϤ֮еĵķ
ǲ񷡷ĵķҲķ
ⱾĲ֮֪ԭҲЩ˼ɵĴڣԼĸܣЩɡ
˿أﻹܹ˼ɵôࡣ
£㰴աǲ񷡷ʼ
˿ڱҵ֮ѹ֮£ܼһʱ䡣
רעǲ񷡷
ʱɿţһ졣
ڵ֮ǱߵĲϳײ֮£ѾʮϡιƣҲֻڼʱ䡣
⻹ΪǱߵĹϵ
죬Ҳһġ
Ȼġǲ񷡷ʮָ᱾ʮʵڵΪʮ͸
νһͨ淨ͨһ;;ͬ顣
ԣȻֻж̶̵ʱ䣬ǴջԶ׼ıǣǱײĵʱѾ»һ
᲻ϵķպͬȻʮ΢ȴҲܹڰ֮һкá
٣ǰΪƽⱻƵһк֮£Ҳǽơ
һȻԸġ
΢΢һ漴ٴ񣬳֮С
ʮȥ
ŵĲǿڵѾܹҽͬԼ
һ߲Ͽšǲ񷡷תɵһּͬȻֻж̶̰µʱ䣬ǵȴʮֿɹ۵ġ
ֱ׵ĽȻֻµʱ䣬ڵĵͬ˵Ҳ౶Ŀǰĳ̶ȣѾ൱֮ߵΪ
ȻֻǵĶжġ
ܹ֮֮죬ҪԭΪĿ֮£ڵϵͬϵ
ǿϵգ׳Ӷüﵽһƽ㡣
ǱߵҲǽʱ㲻֮ҲǰǰĴҴܡ
ˣһ¹ȥ
һµ㣬ڵĵѾһƿĵز
ԭóԼϵҲѾתͨ͵С
˳ϵŬڰҲǽƽ
ﵽƽİһҲ𽥵ںͬǲ˼سױһš
ϸ۲һ£⽫µĲ࣬۳ǰΪߺĵļ㣬µʱҲ͵ڻָĵû١
Ȼû٣Ϊƽ⣬ʹðֲͬԵ˿ȴǳںһγһȫµ
ϸ۲죬ƺŰص㡣
һ֣ᾪȲѡ
ô£а
һ۲ȴǵòʲôȷĽۣ룬ɴŵһߣȵպо
ʱҲǴ״̬֮ѹ
⽫µıչأָоԼһ;ƺһ
֪ȻֲϵΪҪǣڼŹ֮ںϣõǰδеı仯
߳䣬ֻýŲ˲٣ʱ򣬸оҲ÷ǳ죬ܸܵȫ
֪һ־ϵ
ǾϲĸӦ΢
Դӽ֮һжһɫҲƺӰÿ춼̰ذգȥѧϰȥա
ûʱζһ£ܽһó̡
µľʹǰڵ鷳һ
ȻҪĻγɵȫѾЩȲҪһˡ
뵽ӯĲȥ


275 
棬ϵЦⲻ
üͷ΢΢һ壬һ˿Ծĵط
ʱһӰ˽ʱӰҲһ㶣̶ɿǰϲ˵ڳˣ
ʲô飿Щɻؿǰ֮ˣ΢΢һ˵
ҲϤһʮ޼ɹĵеһˣҲھԵſڣһЦͳ
ͳͲҲͱϼ꣬츳˴һѰ֮ǰոͻƵڣҲһ˼
ͳԸ֣ƵɵĹŰȻ෴
⼸µദҲǷͳȻЩḡ˼ȴǼΪϸ壬ҲǸѵõ˲š
⼸ҲͳദΪǢƺǱȾʼձһݾأ챾˾͸˵ˡ
ͳʱȻʮָˣ߽֮ʱȴһ˿ɫ
һ̣ϵƺǰͬβͬͳ˵ȴͳһɾη
Ƕ;ľη̬޹ء
ͻˣͳЩʵ
ҡҡͷ˵ûУֻǽϵ⣬ƺһ˿仯Ϊͣڡ
Ȼ츳ĽͳЦ˵
˰̶֣ϵ˵ˣƨ㣬ȥˣҲǵϢڡ
ͳ£Цݣɫ˵ǰһ˴ĽҳǶҷҵԵֵЩˣأԮʱڱչأ커ǵķԸǰȥ
ܵüͷøʵ鵽ʲôģ
̻ᣡͳһ˿â˵
֮أ
ôһʣͳԵЩע֮£ӲͷƤ˵커˸ȥԮңû뵽ЩһļƣԭǵĿ㡣
£̶˵Եǣʱ커ڼСļΪЩֲôһ֮ˡ
أΪβڣɻ
⡭ͳЩɣһʱ䲻֪Ǻá
˵
˵Ծһɵչ¶ɡ
һ壬ͳֻε̾˿
̻ڳ˿֮֮ǰãһȺ˵ĿǡС㡣ͳһ߿ϵı飬һߵ˵
΢΢ЩԾʵѾͷ֮ⲢʶˣҲûˣ˭
ͳӻ
ǣس
ʱͳᣬص˵ЩڣƺҪСȥͷˣҿƺС⣬Ҫע㡣
һʼỹʮ棬ɵͳ˵һ仰ȴһ㶣̶ͳԴı飬ЩЦõ˵Сӣ˵Щʲô߰ģʲôϵ
ôûϵҵľ飬Сǰ㺣ֻҪ㹴СָͷֻͻźܹŮˣǿǶӵ顣ͳʮ˵
һȥһ߳ŭ
ͳЦ̶ͻȻɫˣȻˣ㻹ǿȥɣСƺԸȥЩ˷˳ͻ커Ҳ˸˹ȥҲ֪޼ɹһ򲻶ͷ커ǻ˼˫ֵġ
ԣʵʲôط
Ҳ֪ǷͳЦĻãԼﱾͶб뷨˿Ҫ˴ߣһ
ϣСԵǻ棬Ѿȥ˴Լʱˡͳ˵
ͳ䣬ǰһһ紵һ̣Ѿ֪١
һ㶣̶ͳӦҡͷЦǰһģγƺ˲٣Ըϲ
֪ͳ֪ķλ֮󣬱˹
Ҳ֪ΪʲôļҲԸȥ룬ʱ˿ֻ̣
ɽĽҳǲԶһɽ壬ɽӰʶżŵ͵͵ҶĦ
ˣô죿ɽ֮һվɽԵӳ˵
⻰ӻתͷģȻ֮ǰĽҳǵ죬Ƴһۣ΢΢ҡҡͷԼ飬Ϊ˲ò֣
ºĿתɽб´ʮӰЩӰ֮ǰ߻ݵӰֱվ͸ǿϢˣȻȫǿߡ
Ӱӵɽ֮ϣȴѻȸһѹ֮ܣɭдҶĦࡣ
ƺӣȥɣ˵ʲôʱҪȥȻȥġһںӰǰһӰȻվǣѩ׵ĳȹڶһǹĶͷ֮ϡ
ĿżŭΣת䣬ҲԵЩͷ
ǱƺӵĺӰǰһվϱ鲻䣬һ˿΢Ц˵С㣬ǰ뿪ɽѾһʱ䣬Ҳʱûȥˣ˼ҿǺ㰡
ߣ˼Ҹ׵˼Լ˵
ƺԣһЦ˵СˣȻ˼û˵Ԫŵλ϶ΪȥһˣҲҪ⡣
ƺӣⱰСˣȻڴԪϻô֪¡ŭ
ƺεʼ磬˵²ܹң֪СݺҲҲⱣˣֻСȻ֣ȻܼȥһС
㡭ô˵ҶȥʲôʱԸȥȻȥٵݣҿ˭ҶҶ֡ŭ˵
С㣬ɲ㣬ҿܴϵķԸǰȥ㲻ϣ¾͵ˡƺѾЦ˵
ģҪɶͶɶ
ȻҲЯָƺЦصҪߣǾͿûǸ£
ȻСִˣµˡƺӶв˿ɵ˵
һϣС£мǲƺӶһȺ˷Ը
һ˲䣬߰˵Ϣ˲̶֣һγһޱߵѹֱ
󣡡һ̶˵ãܺãҵδôˣȴû뵽Щ˻÷ץҡ
СΪ˵ãƺϲǶ֣֮⣬С¡


276 Ե
ɽϣվԶһȺ˶ţϱ鲨
ˣҪ֣ĲҪһԵЩǵʵ
⼸µദЩҲǿȻܹ֮ĹϵѰֻеµ˻һɡ
ҲΪˣ˲Żһʡ
ܹḻûе˵Ĺϵ֪
Ȼƽǿ˳ۻˣЩС
һ͵ôһСѾͷƽϣԸʮϽŰ壬ֱʺԸҲʮϲ
ԣԼദҲûд֪ˣһǱųĬ
˵ĵλҲС
ֻǣϾ޼ɹĻ޼ɹİΣȻҪ֮ƽ⡣
˿ֻˣ޵Ĳ飬ºΣֻ¶˫ûôһ㻹Ļƴɲġ
ˣȻóȻ֡
£ǹܲˣҲܹܣ⿴ŰɣСѾͷҲôױ򵹵ġ̾˿һ˵
󣡶֣ƺӼѾ׼ãȵ
Ҳͬһʱһ˿ڱŷǿ֮С
ֱһһԽкֱǰƺӡ
ƺȻ֮ǰһֱŵ̬ȴʮƺȻᣬҲͳճ꣬ΪϵĹŵӣΪѴﵽڣȻܻҪϼ֣˿ŷϣҪô׿ġ
ˣҲҴ⣬һʩչȫ
˫սһڣһЦɽͷ
Ц𲻾ãһƷǽһӰ֮߸֣գۺ󣬱ɽ֮ϡ
Ӱ֣һ漴˵֮С
źĳ֣ɽ֮ϵնʱϸ΢ı仯ЩվһӰҲǽĿͶעǱӰ֮ϣһ̣ͰķΧǱѻȸһѹɽ֮ϣɭϸ΢ġৡĦҲڴ˿̳ɢ
ǺЦĺ꣬ƺаȻϵЦЩȻҪС࣬ǴӸղЦԼɢ޵Ϣʹƺӵ΢΢
ܹǰ̸Цһ΢Цǰȴǲòеľ񣬲˿ĵ
˭ǿƣֻһվһ޷Խĸǽһ㡣ƺа
ȻûпԱ֣ƺɸܵһѹ
ָоݷֻҪԼʦ͵ϸܵ
ѵ˵ΪѾﵽ۷壿
ܣһ۷ǿߣҲѹԵƣֶ˻ƺȴ֪
ܹ׵ѹģʦǰͨĴڷܹ
ǰż꣬ҪСϲ٣һʮͷôӵǿʵ
ƺһƬ𾪣𾪵һԵ
ʱڳܹ֮Ӱ죬ҲˣȻȻˣҲע⵽ϸ΢ı仯Ŀⲻϴ˼ۡ
˿ȻЩʱѹеľϲɻǰصû°ɣ
Цŵ˵ͷЦģҵΪѾָˣͳҲ˵ˡ
ŵʵָ΢ϲ۹⣬Ȼܹϵʱ仯ֿ͸ĸоָоǿϸֻܵǰˡ
ûк໰Ǵ˸к㳯ڷȥ
߼ͻȻ֣һ˿ϲ漴ܿ
ģӦûܵʲô˺Ҳӡ֮С
̶ὫĿͶ˶ƺӣߴ˿Ѿǰлعͬʾضᡣ
ڸղĳƺ֮ƺѾǰ˭ˡ
ԭ޼ɹٹֻǲ֪蹫Ǻ⣿ƺӵʵ
ûʲô˼ֻ㣬㲻ܴߡɫ䣬Į˵
Ҳǵһμ˰ԵĻоȻûκΪеŭһ˿ۡ
ƺԣɫһ䣬̶˫Ŀ΢ضᣬ˵蹫ʲô˼ѵ飿
ҲܣҲܲҵѣȻԸǻȥôȻֹǡ˵
ƺɫ蹫ӱԼݣѵͲ޼ɹ֮ʲôìܣҿûκκô
ԣ΢΢һЦĿضƺӡ
ƵĿ⣬Ȼδ˵ƺӻǸеԼ΢ӿһ㣬ܹ˵ǰǰȴǸоһѹȣѹȣе㲻
ǿɢеĲƺӼִҪǣҲͲٷϻֱ˵ĪҪ̫˻㣬ɲ£ִҪ赲ǣôǲǵġ
ʲô¾ʹ˵Щϻкã¶Ц˵
ãããȻڤ粻飬ǿɱûи㡣ƺȻǱ᲻м̬Ⱥͳ׼ŭŭȵ׼һ֣ͬ
ƺӻ䣬һֱһʱԣĿضƺһˣ̶˵ľҪ飿
кβɣݵ˵ûϵ廹ȥɣȻ޼ɹ򲻵ѣǲҪ˫ĹϵŪ̫¾һ
ԣɫȻδ䣬һƾȴǳ˿̵顣
ôԣҴеĿĿǱȻΪȻúǸƺӣʮУƺӵĻһǿߣǸոոԭôðաüͷ˵
ԣЦЦļһŵ˵ģҿɲԴİ׳գҼȻǾֵİա
ǡԥ£Ҫ˵Щʲô
ȴǲᣬ˰֣ϵ˵ˣ±˽ҪͼȰҡ
ϸؿᣬһŵؿԥƬ֮췽ε˵ȻˣԼСģһԣһһʱ֡
İɣһ߿űǡ΢΢һЦ˵
죬̧ţһһسƺ˹ȥ


277 ˵Ĳ
ӵĳƺҲûǰĴݲȣɫ΢΢ضᣬĪҪΪ޼ɹٹұ㲻Ҷ֡
ֱܶǣԣᵭ˵
Ȼƽƺȴ˵ļ
ԭЩӶʱÿ¡
ȻˣǿɾͱҲˣ޼ɹٹǵһٮٮߣվƺ㣬ǷʵƺЦһ̶ȳֱӶ
ƺٶȼ죬һգ۱Ѿǰˡ
һ̧֣һȻӭᡣ
ƺӲĵӣֻһУǿߵʱչ¶ţ˿ƺӵһˣֻѱּֿһöá
ϧǣƺӶϵᡣ
ǿƺǲ壬οľѲͬն
ȻԼҲľ絽ʲôزϿΪѾͣڣָоĿǰʵ۷ǿߣҲл֮
ǰƺӲֻڣкξ֮
ƺӿԾһվɫıûһ˿仯ͷЦ
޼ɹҲˣһУͱɵˣǸ
ˣԽԽˣ
˿̣ƺһɼ֮ɫܹ⽫½޼ɹٹڴˣôպֱǰ쳹½
ƺ˵Īջ
ǿҵƺ͵һŭȭͷǿ˲佫ΧĿ˺ѿ
ҵľȭͷϱŷͬͻһᡣ
ȴûܣƺӹһ˿ϲһ̣ȭͷŶ
ƺ͵һԼѾᣬΪȭͷͬڿһ㡣
ƺɻ;֮ʣԭվƺǰᣬͻȻŤģ
Ӱ
ƺͷһ󾪵غ
ڿ
ԣƺ͵һͷֲ֪ʱѾ󲻵岽ľ롣
ƺӶʱһ亹ֱոջڰϲ˿̿ĿȴͬڿŹһ㣬ž֡
ʲôʱǵģƺһʺš
Ҫ֪ᾹȻܹĳ岽ľ룬ղ֣㲻Ҳⲻˡ
ܣΪ߳һȣҲϢĳұôܣƺг벻ŵɫ
ȻĪٶȣƺӲĽܳӣܵ˺üͼ֮ľ롣
Ტûƺ룬΢΢һЦҲκףһһƾճ֡
˫һâһ㻮ƿֱƺֱӶȥ
ƺд󺧣ʹææһԶȥ
ƺӵĶΪݣҲֻܿܿ
ƺӵͷƤХһʯ֮ϣľ죬Ǳеʯ˲仯ĩ
ȻܿһͻϮƺӻǸܵͷƤһĸо漴һӶͷ£۾
һƬ죬ƺͷһĨһ۱һĿĵĺɫ
ѪˣҾȻѪˣƺӴľš
Ҳѹƺӻ˷Ӧ֪ˣƺӱδܹˣȻĵ˺ٵԵйأΪҲǲС
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һУ֮⣬ûĶ֡
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ɾˣԾɲһ˿ͷ޷
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Ը˾ȻնȥΪĬķɢΧȥ
µ֮ʱһҲǲд΢˱Űȫ룬Ȼû̫ǿʵۻϢҲ˵ǿߣ򲻵ѣɲԸֱǽ֡
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建գĿĺµӣЩһվλҲǼΪģЩνķǴδȻҴ⡣
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ɣ漴Ŀ⻺ɨеˣǶһ˿
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278 ŭеķ
һХ֪ʱȻС
ȻǹȻת˵Ŀע£ֱֱĶƺӷ˹ȥ
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ıɫӣҲ˲ӿ˺쳱ڰ֮еİתȻתٶȼ죬˴֮ȴбһƽ⡣
΢΢һЦ΢䣬ͷųһɼΪӴȻ˳žȫעǹ֮С
ƺʦ֣СģǺȻûһֱΪƺµӼæźȵ
ߣ֪ߵغļһȭͷɣҺúýѵһԴ󳹵׷顣ƺɫޱȿ˵
ȷſʱ󲢲ʲô˶ܳܡ
Ϊ۵ƺӣͬʱ͹Ӵ
ŷļӳ֣Ե쳣Ӵ
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ǰʹõͬȻͬģֻǵˡ
ǰķȴͬžһ
˿ƺӳΪǰ̫ӴЩŤ֮⣬ƣѾﵽڵǿ״̬
ƺΪҲֻͣڡ
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ƺӷӹ֮ʱֻгһߺұڣΪʵʯڣԵֵҹ
ǿ鲢̫ʵʯڣȴǸһĨЦԴԴϵĹע֮Уעϵ¶ȣҲԽԽȣĿǱЩ
һ̣ƺɫȻһ䣬ȻֱͷųһǿҺâͫȻһ
ǹܹ̺֮ѾԶԶԤ
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ڸһĨŵƺӣһѣһϦһ㣬Ȼ£
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߿֮ϣƺ˫۱ѪֹԴзİ֮Ҳʧȥ˫һ㣬ŵֱֱ֮׹ȥ
弱½ţڼлʮ׾ʱƺ͵һ𣬾ĽҰɫǿڱӿʱ䣬ǿűŭһ޿ɵֵѹ֮ƣ˲ǽǵϺѹ˹ȥҽ֮ǿлɢ
ǿߵĺŭһ㣿
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˫ֻ뿪Դʱһۣ֮һֱӵҶ֮ԡ
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ǰܹͷϸĤ㣬һֻõصѣֲƣǺֵܳġ
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ҧгݵЦţԴϴؾʹõƺЩѣΡ
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ᵭĮƳͷѪƺӣԸпϧһȻֻõһЩȽصƣԭỹΪֱһ߽һء
Ҳû취ģΪոںڵȫµջʮϤԸղһȻƫġ
һҲøϤĿռ䡣
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ϣǴƺɢɭȻϢʹ·ĵҲЩţҷ˿ⴥƺöٱը
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ܹ˴ȻЩ޼ɹĵԸ⿴ġ
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ƺӺ£ӡͬʱᶯӡĶյҲȻƺλãۣƬ֮󣬾Ȼƺǰ̳һöһҵİɫ塣
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СģǣһȥǼæȵ̺۷ǿ߶Щļ¡
ˣƾٶȣ㲻ģƺӿЦȻӶ˸ĵǰЯſֲݺȥ
أ
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279 
ɽϣ̳ɽͷ
ģӰɿĽһһƵײ漴
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Ӱǿɺ󣬺ݺݵˤһԵʯ֮Уĺ졣
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ԶƯڰеӣ˿̾ͬܵĪĴһ㣬׷ɫһףѪӿпӿҡҡ׹һ̶̵䵽֮ϡ
Ӽ״ɫһ䣬׷׶ֿḽΧ
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ϣһȣֻһգ۵ĹѾ̶࣬һ޿ƥекʮȫС
ܵɢƣЩ˽һ
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ƺҡҡ׹վϵϢʮֲȡ
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Ҫɱң֪ҵݣɱңؽ޼ɹѪƴбɱɣƺ״Цš
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һǹ֮ϣлһâں߲ŵĿ֮Уֱֱȥ
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Ψһ̶ȫɿת̶һɿȥ
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ߣʲôʱԪֱӰ䲼ȨˣĪǲѵԴϬ˵
챻һϬŪЩƿԣһʱԭƽҲ΢΢Щ亹ֱ
֮󣬷Ӧ췽أǿӲ˵Ȼδ¹ĴУⷬҲΪǡ
£պȻһûʲô飬Ǿ뿪ɡһҲ˵
Ӳ̬ȣòУֻԥãûչжһ漴תȥ


280 
ȥӰһĨâ
۷ٸҵʱ䣬ҲܴﵽǸ硣ĬȻ
ߺϵı𽥻⣬ϴһ崺Ц⣬ͷ
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ߣƾղЩˣһָͷܶԸˡСԴ˵
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һε̬ȣѾͷȻָŮƢƺûһ仯ӱ䱾ˣҲ֪Լ÷Ƿܹܵˡ
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ֻҲ֪£˾ȰЩп˵
漴ʲôüͷɻҲ԰ҼǵõҺʱΪǵ֮Ҵܣôܣ
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׻˵ŮỹûʲôأѾΪῼˣ֪һ㣬ֻ»ͷ̾زѰɡ
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ܿһ˱ص˾ԵС
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˶Ѿȥ֮󣬷Щε̾˿
ĻҪֻһӱܲˡεҡͷ̾Ϣ
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˼ˣǳ׷
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ﰲȫӦǲʲôġ
̻Ȼδģε̽Ҳ֪˶Էʵ
򣬼Ȼ⣬ôǧɽȻҲ˰бŮҪȻһɣȴҲֻ˵Ǹˡ
ҡҡͷЩͷȫѹĵ漴ص֮Уʼ
ǰǳսúùһڵ


281 Եķչ
ƽĹһµʱ䣬ֻĽҳǴ˲죬ȥˡ
뿪һҲҲûҹ鷳
̻ᣬҲǱˣһ޶ԡ
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ЩǴӸ޶һӲʩֶΣЩҲʮġ
ԭֻΪǣܹһµʱǵΪɡ
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˵Щ޲ͳ֤ǵҳϡ
Ȼһ˲֮ߣţһµʱ䣬ȻܹЩа˾ųͻƵ֮
Ͼ֮ǰѾӻȺЧʮ롣
õķʮּ򵥣ȸһ˵ϵֳɲͬļ飬ȻѹԺĹķؼҳһ׺Щķ
ȻȻὫЩķóǾѰһЩΪͼķЩ
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ǼΪͨƷҩȻоԸЧѾӽƷҩˡ
ȲĹЧǷǿԭһöƷֻڳһҲòš
һתۣԼһƿʮŵôܲЩе𾪡
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ԭһЩֻǱӦ̬ȵĻһ֮£Ҳ֮ģ˼üΪС
ԼһãǰӣʱϻȥĻ˴õĴǰװ˷ѡ
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̶һµʱ䣬һУн˳ɵ˴۷ͻƵ˽ڡ
мʲģѾﵽ˽ڵľ硣
ʣûгɹ֮ĻҲû˵ʲôɵֱ˲һ㣬һ֮󣬺׷ֻ֣ٸʣµһʱ䣬ͻƵ֮顣
˽һ֮ĻӦԵƽյİȫ
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ڵİ龰ڵܵȻйһϵеⷢĻǽ
İںϳһȫµȻⲢϵںϣֻǰۼһ𣬱˴໥У໥ǣƣӶﵽһƽ⡣
ڴΪһ𣬱˴ˣṩԴԴϵ
ȫµĺôڣڽ֮ʱͬһʱҪʩչȫͬϵ似֮ʱתҲת
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򵥵˵ʩչͬһʱʹûľţһ˱ٶ֮⣬Ҳһ̶ϵԻ˵ߡ
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ֱ磬ڱ˹ʱʩչվһĸ߼ķڴͬʱʩչǿӲ似ڶͬʵĶ֮ʱ似ܹСĴۻȡԷļĴۡ
Ȼֻ򵥵˫϶ѣԽ;պءصĵӶʲô̫⡣
СԺ֮Уһġ


282 
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ڰƽ֮һҲǿʼ޸ƻ˵ľ
˶ڰȫ򣬼֮İ޸Ҳ˼İա
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˭֪Ļ˲мƳƳ죬һҲûй˼ɵػشκұȣǰ游۰ؼĿһУҲ˲ǵˣ磬Ҫǲԭ游Ҳᵽֵطǻ
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Ψһ˰и˲ѡ
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һԵҿģа̾ؼҺˣȴҲ˿СĽ䱸š
ĻûЦŨ˵ԭˣֻǲ֪ذµ֪ԼҲˣǸʲôӦҵǺڴ


284 ȫɱ
ĻûЦŨ˵ԭˣֻǲ֪ذҵ֪ԼҲˣǸʲôӦҵǺڴ

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˵仰ֳ֮һƬŰİ
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285 ɽи
ˣԼ֪ô뿪ģؼӵɱɾʱұ֪ؼ鷳ˡ
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ҲΪ۹һϣܹ޼ɹϹϵһڰ޼ɹгһգȻͻȻצ۹ݺ˺һӡ
Ӵ֣۹ҵ޷赲ˡ
ҵЩСٶ޼ɹȻȻֻҲǲмȥ
թıƣھԵǰõġ
޼ǣҲ͵ڽ޼ɹĹϽΧ
һ˸ո̤Уӭϼ޼ɹĵӡ
ȻЩ˴ͨɢĶصϢȻһ۱ֱܷ
Ҳ޼ɹһơ
Ͼ͵̫⣬Ѱ˵ȸ޷Ҳ˿ܹð֮˵ֻ֮ʱϸѡƷԣԱ֤ŵŽᡣ
커дѶ˵뿪ǰ޼
쿴ǵӣ΢һͷӦǡ
˿Ҳ΢Щӣ᲻ϤҲȫİ
ΪǴ뿪ȻʼԪ½ó̡
벻ʱ꣬Ȼлһ졣
ֻǲ֪һϵϵǸĳ档
Ҳǲ£Ͼʱ֮꣬ǰҲ͹˲ӣԴҲԼıϵֳʲô֮
һֹڲŪͷСǺЦ˵ƣ벻ֻˡ
С̧ۿᣬǳۣܿСһ˿ã̶ܸɴĸпŲǷཱུ壬˸ƣٴαĿ˯
С⸱ģ̲סЦһֱһͷ
Ӧֻһĺ
һ߶ŪСܿһɽ·
̧ͷǰֱɽ̲ס΢΢̾
ԼҴ룬·ûȥעЩ
ʱ˿̵ľ͵ղͬնһʱҲп
ǰƣӯΡɽ壬аҲֻưɽ壬ܹƥ޼ɹš
֮ǰҲȥһɽɽȣ޼ȻȲɽ㣬Ƕ͵ķ嶥ȴǳ䲻֮ɫ
ɽɫһʱ䵹Ҳѷֳʤӡ
ȻѾɽ£һҲûиʱıҪ
˿ľƽͣԱ㻺ǰУһߴΧĻ
һ·ϣû޼ɹĵ
Ȳ˵ݣϣҲû˸ġ
ͳ˼ᲢɽΣҲֻ󣬻ǰС
ǵҲܹԼ顣
ô꣬ٴλصʱд
Ҳ֮顣
ͨһ㣬ҲͲż
ΧŨһʼỹδʲô
ʱƣɽ֮ϣȴǶһ˿
ݷҵһʲôֻʮģǰҲ˵
ϸ˼һᣬ벻ָͨоΪΣֻҡҡͷǰߡ
˽ķ֮·֮ղһĨĸоȴԽǿҡ
һ졣
漴üͷһͣ½Ų۾ʶţʼ޸Χ
˼ͣ½ǲ⣬ͳԸѣȻĵ׶ʮ𾴣ȴҲСڣ˽»Ц˿̼ͣ£ǰѯһ
ȴһԵ
Ҫȥʲô˿ǹؼʱ̣Ȼ޼壬ȸԷɢϼӽ䱸ֱѹΪֹ쿴ᣬ漴ϵ
ͳԣѸжܿɢᱣС
ʱûзͳ˵ĶоȫΧе֮С
ʼ̤Ƭɽ֪֮ɽΧ쳣ŨһʼûоΡ
һ·ȴԽЩ֮ͬ
ƺЩǰһķš
ҲΪˣЩܹϾۼ޼֮Уþòɢȥ
ǰָоûô˿̵ἴ̤϶֮󣬱쳣ǿҡ


286 ķ
պ󡭡
޼壬һƵɽ壬˿᲻֪ʱѾһʯϣǰԼĪɴСĹͶĹ󣬲ϵĴɢҫܵĲҶ֮ϣЩСݣԵô̡
űĽ
֮ǿ󣬴˿ǸܵɽҰƺ걾Դ֮
Ȼ֪Ǻԭ򣬵ȴὫȫ£ڴˡ
Ŀעţһƣڹ֮ϣֽӴܹܵǹ֮ĺԼΪԴָ֮оõüĴеΪů
ۡ
ָһһŴɫдһ㵭֮Ǳֻӳڵ֮ǳ֮Уγȫµ
Ȼ˿֮ٿз
ΪںϵĹϵ֮Ƿһ˿䡣
㣬Ҳ֪ʱʱԲȥᡣ
֣֮Ưŵ·ʱΪܴ𣬽ž˵걾Դ൱ĴϾٽӴĶСĽһЩܹǺõġ
Ÿµ͸֮УҲ΢΢ķ䣬һ˿˿ĺðڶΪޣɢ
ЩüͷҲ΢΢һиܵ˼Ϊ΢ȻЩ걾ԴƯôһʱս֮еĻǻɲС
һӣ֮ٶȱǣڹ֮еĺЩɢȥţҲԽ͸Өȥ·һ㡣
˰ʱ᷽Żɢȥе֮ƯǰͬˮţŻһӡһüĴǱӿ֮ǰ΢ţһӿ
ĳ֣Ҳ΢΢һһ쳣걾Դ֮Ӷ˳죬ԼëףԴԴϵ
ԽԽ걾Դ룬ı棬Ҳ𽥵ķһˮ쾧㡣

Żһˮ죬һ쳣ıԴ֮ԴԴϵע֮С
ע֮£ϣҲ両һĨĳЩԴİ£оԼ꣬类һů͵Ĺâ֮һ㣬ָо·̥̥֮С
һ㵭쾧㣬Ȼĸ俴ȥͬʵӰΪ档
֮ڣ̺żֲ걾ԴЩԴ֮޼֮Ƶԭ򷽲۶ɣ˺嫵걾Դ֮ǰᣬǸоһϸ΢С֮С
ԽԽ걾ԴɣһȦȦεĲҲΪģɢεĲɽ巽Բǧ֮ڣͻȻüžɽּһ飬һоһԴѹѹ֮£е飬˿̶սսڵأͺǲҷ
˴ĶСǲΣȴӵһ޿ɿܵѹ²ɢ󲻾ãǱ޼ڵǿ߲һӰæӶȻǵθոսɽǧ֮ʱȴ͵ĸоԴһѣΣȻЩȲסβ׹յļ󣬵ڶǿͷһƬμæˣ˳ɽ巽Բǧɺ󣬷𽥵ĺתĿ⾪ɲƵɽ塣
ףǲ𣿺ʱģ
Ҳãʲô޼Χ
һܹΧٵʮֻ˴ķӦ
ΣǶһԹ۲ţ£ԻᴦҵȻİΣɡ
֮ϣҲֳĿԶɽ壬жЩЩأѹǣ޷ڵᣬ꣬ѾԶԶĳԽֵܵķ롣
ʱһӰ٣˿˵֮ʱһ㶣̶غμӹ
΢΢һЦ˵λض񣬴ѻ֪޴󰭣λعġ
˵⻰ͬʱĿⲻͶɧϣҲεο
ʧٶİˣһ˴ĺ䶯Ҳѹһֱǰϳȵѵõʧ̬
ֻǣο֮࣬иǸп
ʵֻΪԼܹߵһʵڴĳϣҪ˵츳ǿˣǲûСȴԼΪʵĲһߵЩ츳֮ĵز֮УǻԵȻĻĴԼĥ
Ȼ֪ǰ֮Ѿİӣǻһİ˵Ļֻ´˿Ҳôˡ
ʲôʱѹһֱȥᾪɹĵӡ
ģձѣڣ㾲ͻưɣ⣬ȥ֮ǧ֮ڣֹκ˽룡΢΢һЦҲûмͣһ֮ϡ
ǣ
ʱ䣬ǰžУһյĹȥȻǴɽ֮겨ȴδʹʧ𽥵ıǿʢõգ޼壬Ǳǲ
ǣ˼ļ֮⣬ӶֻÿУֻܿâڱѹѡڵ֮ϱۡ
ҲһΣھǣ첻ڱѹѹôҲֻάԼӰ졣
ˣȻҲûʲôȥˣѹƶ޼ɹĵ˵Ҳһĥν·ʤʮ飬߾͵
޼ɹ߲㱧̬£޼ɹĵӣ˺üѹ֮࣬˵ѹõò˼Ϊܣ𽥵Ӧ󣬵ͻȻȻǣ⵹õòٵϲ⣬ǲǻߣ;ȻٵÿܹĥȻ֮ϲǿˣҲǻŲСЧ
һЩͷ˽п࣬һЩ츳ĵӣֱӽΪһѵõƽﲻ޼ܣһĶɽ岽жȥԶѰѹ£Щ޼ɹӵͻͽϾǰδеѹȣɲʲô˶ܹܵģߣʱ걾ԴĿ£ҲɢһЩƮɽ֮У޼ɹӽҽںϣ˵콵
һĵӳͷԽԽĵӷӦһʱ䣬޼ɹɷڡ
ЩڷܣȻҲͲţֻǰзԸһЩִ³ϣעеӵİȫ㲻ᡣ


287 
ǧ޼ɹɽҰĶɽһȥ·̶֮Уÿһ̤ǣһּӴġ
ȻģڴƣͬʱҲõòٵӵٶȣȻӿ졣
ַɢúһЩ޼ɹĳ϶̲סļ֮С
ͻȻģ޼ɹ˶ЩɵۣЦãû뵽εȻ˾޴ɧҲã־޼ɹĵ˵ȷһּΪѵõڸܵ޿ƥеζԺ֮;ҲǻһЩҪ·
Źֵķ޼֮гʮ죬Ȼ󷽲Űѹɢ
޼ϵѹʱɫȴ𽥵ܹоɽ֮УһذβȻۡ
Ҫˡ
˶֪˴ε𽥵Ҫӽβ
˵ĵȴУʱȥ
ɽ֮ϣϱһˮ
ˮӰǰԭаӴ걾ԴǽֻаԴСһɹɾ걾Դ֮Ʈɢ

ͬһ˿֮յͻȻſһ϶һȻӿǰͷСšʱӳΪһ⣬У
䣡
֮ʱ壬Ȼһ𡣴۵ǿ⣬ڱӿһɻذβͬ籩һ㣬ڣǵصϯ
һ̣ܲ衣
¡¡
֮ϣܲͬһ㲻ϵĴܳ죬쳹Ƭռ֮УͬʱһɺͬذβҲɽΪģ籩һ㣬Ȼϯ
ÿֲ겨
޼֮ϣɫصЩΪǺ겨жӿЩ֮ɫȻǿֵز
ڣƾһ۷࿹⡭վһ˿ϲɫɻص
һԵͳҲ¶Щ֮⣬Ȼ츳;Ѿ֮Ҳǳȼеľ֮ٮٮߡ
ˣͳҲ˼Ǵӱ겨¸е𺳡
˵ܹǻ֮Уܹٲ𣬼Ǳǿдɢӣܹ𽥵ۣٶ˵࣬ȻҲСɫصص
ֻ֮Ҫﵽս궼ɷֻսǵĬܼҲǳɱǡһü׷ߣЦЦ˵
ЦЩۣδﵽ֮ǰЩԵһǿٻϾܴĻһ˵˺̫󣬿һ
ʱһ̬ʵڣӵе˿ѷɫڱ壬֮ǿ࣬뱾սɷǿ
ȻȲϴ˵еĻ֮ǰֻ֮ŵ˵ʱȴ֮𡭡
ĳ̶ֳ˵һﵽǱ˵ǶһĬս飬ңսʵȡǿ̶ȡ
˵Щƹϴ˵еķܹ似
ֻȵȣ˵еķ۳ķ಻ǼעЩ޷ﵽԶ۶ɵʵȽϡ
ε꣬ˮһ㣬ܲȻӶ޼壬ǱԺ֮Уһܹܵ޼֮κ˵ϸ΢ǴЩ֮Уܹ֪е˼롭
һƿأģȿµֶΣ֮£Ȼõ
ǻħᵽ͵һô
Уһ͵͵ܹ֮ĸоԼǰĲ࣬˵ǰֻһδΣֻ̬ģţô꣬һս꣡

ε겨һ£ٶͬˮһɢգۼ䣬޼壬һַ۵糸ٶȣӶ̶̲ʱ䣬޼ɹԲǧ֮ڵǷԺ֮Уң겨ٶȣδǼš
εĲǿɨȻһЩ൱ǿܹоƤƺ΢΢һ⣬ˣһЩﵽڵǿߣǺ֪һ㶼δԼһһǱ˾ӡ
겨ɢ֮⣬;ҲһЩ꣬һЩ˼ɽУżоһЩͶȥעӵĿ⣬ȻҲǷ겨
½ȷǲԻ
겨ɿɢἴջʱȴ͵ĸоһȣһ겨ɢ
Ƭ֮֮ۿɼһ㣬֮ɿǰγһģӰӡ
ǼΪģӰӣϵı任Ÿ̬
˼һ̶Щ׹
ǻħᵽģ֮ﵽһ֮󣬱
Ҳ׳ƵĻΡ
̬֮֮ս֮ﵽ֮һô
ֻǣҲħ˵껯̬֮˶죬ûй̶·
뵽ʱǰʵ֮˲СȤ
Լ֮֮󣬻Ǹʲôأ᲻ڴ
ԽԽ֮͸壬ϻ㼯ǰ
ԭʮϡģӰӣǽʵģҲԽ
ǹƬ̣֮Ѿ׻㼯ϣģǽȹ
ϸֱ껯֮ģȴ΢΢һ㶣̶Щȵضǰ껯̬֮
һʱ䣬ЩЦá
δ֮ڴﵽ֮󣬾Ȼữγǰ⸱ģ
ϷһɼΪŹֵɫᶢǰ껯֮еĹԽӳ
£
һԴĽ𣬼̶һѩ׵СӰʮֻسǰĻ֮˹ȥ
ССӰͣǻ֮ǰ֮ʱ˲еںЦ
ͻȻֵССӰȻһֱߵС
Ҳ֪ΪΣǰộСȴ˿Ӱ졣
ǣῴС֮ʱҪĳ嶯


288 껯
˿ȷʵҪĳ嶯
ʵҲܹᣬֻԴȴǴδ껯֮ģȻǺСһģһ
Ϊ֮ʵɣ֮屾Ǵһ˿ǻۡ
ǻֵСڿվǰʵС
һģһСһ˿۵С۵ı˴˶Կš
ȻСҲǵһοȻжһģһһʱΪ˷ܵ۴
СĶһҪĳ嶯
ⶼʲôʲô˵껯֮󣬿԰ԼսǻγСҲãٲɰǹ֮ҲùǰġСúá
֪ǰġ⡱СʲôãѲɺʵСһֻóԺ˯
һ뵽⣬᲻ЩЦá
СûЩɥı飬ʮ˷ܵضһԼָָ㡣

˿ָεͷֻεĽʵ
ףȻֻС
ϣռ΢΢һȺӰҲֳǼһССӰһͳ̲סȵ˵ץֻСﲻϵͿš
СȻİϾСһС޼ɹΪٹޡ
Ǵ˿ȴͻȻֻСȻޱȾȡ
ͳͷ࣬Լһ޼ɹбֽϸߵĳϵ˽һ֮󣬱Եɡ
ͬʵһȻ鴫Ǹղλü뷢ĳϣʱλǽСҲ̲ס̾
벻Ӧóڻһϵ֮޼ɹҲһλ޼ɹ¡һ׷ͯյߣḧŷ׵ĺ룬ǺЦ˵
ôǰεЦЦһӣǰɢȥΪӽüļ䡣
С￴һԼͻȻˣС۾һ˿ãɻգգ۾أԲСԴ
УǽסһЦ
Ƭֳ֮ͻȻ
ǸߴӰǰ
ЦݣǰߵĿһ˿ɫ
ڿϻˣȻ˵
Ȼ·Į֮ǵỹǺϸ΢زǰһŵعġ
˼һ漴׼ǰ֮Ǹ߸ϵ޼ɹĹͬʱҲ⸱ϵĸס
Ѫĸо΢΢Щ
ԭЩųᣬһĨ˼Ҳʧ١
ʱУֻ֪ԸⱲǲٻص޼ɹˣҲǣѾ͹ȥһгնϵ
ʵϵ
˼ˣ˾˿̧ͷ裬̶˵ף㵣ˡ
΢ɲ΢΢һΪⷴӦֻһ˲֮䣬˷֣漴ǿѹеļ˵ȻȥϢɣһ絽ȥҡ
ǣ
ɢ˰ɣ˵꣬һȣһʧӰ١
뿪һ󲿷Ҳǽ뿪
ǰǰü뷢ߣȴûмȥЦеǰϸᣬƬ֮󷽲ΪͰ˵Сӣһ߿꣬Ѷȫޣ֪ʧ޼ɹϴ𣿡
ɳϣС֪ˡʱİĽɫ
޷޷ǰѾ˵ˣ֪ʧô겢ı⣬´λҪע㣬𿴹ղһƵģʵʧٵ⼸һֱܵ㡣ɴ˿̾һذĳߣ䷳˵š
С׵ġΪ˵
Σǰλ߶ڹȻҲǶΪء
׾ͺãͷҲϢˣпյȥҶʮָȤ˵꣬һЦȥ
˾ȥ֮Ψͳ
ͳĴ£ܿɽ֮Ҳ޼ڡ
ңңȥֻһټĹɽ֮ϡ
ΧƣŨԶԶȥȴҲƵɹˡ
ܹ˶бɽϽһټĹҪͨı²õ
Ȼ֪޼޼ɹĵһҲ޼ɹĴʼһֽġ
һʱ䣬вɸֳһƮݵӰɽ֮ϣΪƣΪģЩĿ
ǸǺε˵õֻϧԵһ
΢΢Щп
ʵỹϤͳ·Ҳҵԭסĵط
ϾƬ½֮󣬿סһµʱ䡣
ǸĹ֮Уͳƹʮ֮ͨסĺԺˡ
վںԺſڣһϤС
ʱͳȴ¶Ź֮ɫǡǱᷢ֡
ôˣô⸱飿ʲô𣿡᲻ʵ
ͳԣԴҡø˹ƵģæûûʲôֻͻȻЩûңҾͲϢˣˡ
˵ţͳҲᣬЩҴҵ뿪ˡ
ͳȥıӰ᲻Щɻ󣬲Ҳû롣
漴㾶ֱȥ
ǰȷţ᲻˵Լⶺһµʱ䡣
뵽⣬вɸֳһٻӰ
ǸСŮ
ӡУһκʱǸɰСС죬һµʲôǲʲôǵˣ

ҪˣͷҰɣҪҪ㣬ֻҪ𣿡

뵽һĻĻ᲻ȻʧЦ
һ΢Цȴһȳ⡣
˭
ԣһ㶣벻ʧô꣬ﾹȻڣ
عϸֱ⵽֮ǲɹһĨЦ⡣
ֻһҲǵġ
Ԫ½֮ĵһ
Ҳˣɹ˵Ϊҵһ£ôء
˼ˣҲ˵̧űȥ
ֻǣһ̤ڣӭĲǼǸЦ绨ĽŮһ˸źĳ
ֻǣⳤȻЩ䲻⣬ٶȴʮ֮
΢΢˰ͷ˸ա
ᵥʳָָɿļסϢĳ
һּֿĳǱȰ
ֱһ̣᷽ܹϮ˵ģ
ǰӰģ֮󣬲Ц˵˵ô겻һҴк𣿡


289 Ů
ῴǰӰģ֮󣬲Ц˵ô겻һҴк𣿡

һҵļԭץеĳҲ漴ʧȥ֧ŵ㡣
һѽ˻ЦվԭأͻȻԼǰЩʧŮ
ǰһЩĹװ·Ůӣ֮һӴˡ
˿СЩΪʹð֮΢΢ƺ
Ĵǲ˼ضգգ̶һ˿ϲ
Ƭ֮кޱȼ飬Сǰϲ˵١桭ΰɣ
˼ڵУܹܵŨŨϲɫ֪ǰο˵СŮЩһֱ
뵽⣬΢΢ЩΣԼΪһԵľ뿪ˡ
ʱû̫࣬罥˽֮żҲᵣĹСŮ᲻ΪԼʧٶ𷣡
˿ϸЩѵֺߵģǰ˲٣΢΢С壬ϸ޹ǣ·һͻᵹģΪϧ
΢΢˵ͷº͵Цŵңһˡ
أ
˭֪⻰һһ㣬ֱԭЩ˳
һϮỹѾһͷ˽ǰߵĻУһ˫Сָץסᣬһͻٴδǰʧ
ŻСӵļ飬ҲܹᣬϾСѾͷദһµʱ䣬Ȼ˵ϳҲ˽⵽СͱѡŮʱ޿̶ҡ
˵ǰΧģһԵʧ٣Сֻ¾ʧȥĹһ㣬˷硣
⸱ģҲ֪ԼǸϵûйΪȻҲ
ĺ󱳣һ֮ȶ
ʱŷԼȻ˵ĻУһʱ䲻˸æỳѿ
ʹԴỹܹӵĺΣɷˡ
Ϊ˻յΣ̶תƻʵˣղΪͻȻҳ֣
Ҳܹ֣Ͼ޼ɹĸıӵļһ¡
˵ȫط۹ĻʹҪ޼ɹ
ûκεطܱﰲȫˡ
ȻȻ޼ɹ֮УҲҪʲôΣգôػӲʲô衣
ΪˣŻľٶ
ôһʣ΢΢һ̶Щεò֪롣
ȻףҲΪСѾͷûжʣʱϵСҲǷ
ԭЩ۾ͻȻ󣬷һؽ˹ȥ
Сһ˫ֽӹСһһСӰ㻶زһ
һ󡰿ĻʱĿд˳
֮СԴǣȫСһͬ뿪м䣬һֱڸչ
СȻС
޼ɹеĻ鲻֮࣬⣬ƽΨһӴ϶ҲֻС
Сһͬȥ֪Ϊ˻Ĺһʱ䣬˿̼С֣ȻҲǸĸˡ
գϢһҹˬȻһҹֻǵϢЩںϵ֮ҲҹϢ֮гȹ
˿ľò˲Сı仯
߳䣬ղŷ飬ЩҡͷЦ
ԭһ磬֮󣬱㿴һˮվĴߡ
˳ģȷʵҼ˳ɫŮȴִҪźϴ¡
⼸Ѿһ˶ֵᣬһʼܾ
κμܲסСӵṥƣֻεڲ
Ļ˵ŮȻҪչүӣ᲻ЩǾζ᲻Ҫôʧȥ塣
Сӵ뷨Ҳ֪˵ʲôȻʱĵһ£ҲźΣܹǸоЩŤ
ҡҡͷиͷ˦ƽ飬漴󲽳סȥ
޼ɹλȻΪƽһҲֹڵ飬һɳִԴ˿ӦԼס֮С
뿪ԼСԺһӱͳ
ᵽͳΪضЦЦ
ΪЦݣЩڣʵôһı鿴ңϳʲô𣿡
ͳԣǺٺһЦ̶˵ҹʣɲһһΪնҪ
ӶЩʲôԣû˵
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᲻ɱͳ֣ⷬ˵ɲҪúһڸҺ˵˵Ҿȥغɽȥҿ㵽ʱܲЦ
Ȼһ⻰ͳһɥر˵ɲҺò֮Ϊľܹ׵ң㻹ȥغɽôĵ飬㻹ɱҡ
Ǿ͸ʵ㣬ǱСʱˣҿɲв˵
ͳͷ˼䣬ȴҲǲٶ˵
ˣʲôʵ
ͳʼ磬˵칬˸ңӽҾԺҶҪ߰ˣٺ٣
ԣüͷһ˼ؿͳ̶˵ҿֻҲмּҵ˼ɣ
ﻰͳæҡͷϣ漴£С˵ȷʵǱԸİȫȻ˼ҲǰУǵ֮ǰһһʧи˴űȽϺãûи˼ûͬ⣬ǲὫκ˵ģҲǹ˼Ϊľᡣ
ԣԼǱϵһģҲûʲôˣͳҲ˵ˣûͬ⣬ͳǲὫٺΪ߱ˡ
һҲȻˡ
Ȼˣ߰ɣҪȥᵭ˵
ͳûʱüЦڿǰ·
ƹһ۵С·ס
˿ͳ棬һ˽ȥ
Ϊһ֮סȻ޼ɹ֮Ϊĵط
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290 ̸
ƿǰĴţỺ˽ȥ
޼ɹסͬ
ȻδססȴǱĽֻΪЩ궼һ˶ԾסԲԾĽķʮܰŵ뿪ʱģܹһ˿Ůеᡣ
סȴΪ෴һ̤оһΪصϢĴɼ
Ϊ޼ɹĹķȻ쳣֮Ҳֳ֣ǰǸСڿ֮ҡ
֮ĵطȴֻסһˣȻҪԵ΢һ㡣
ȴûзһ˿ĸоٴЩˬζ
֮ʱһ۱㿴ڿ֮е衣
ʱһɫۣΧı߽ЩɫǴݵͼ
Ȼ֮ǰѾһ裬˶ӣֻ˵仰㾶ֱȥ
ʱŸոմͻƵ֮ϲѹ˲ûüúôԼϵ
˿̣¾ʣˣᵽҲϸ۲
˵Ͳ󣬿ģҲʮͷһͷڷ㳤ȴԵʮ־
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ʱ裬һ֪ϸϸƷߣĵݷûиճκӰ졣
Ҳżߵ׵λһߺŲ輸ϲˮһ߾ĵصš
ʱһһĹȥҲûȶá
ԼһյĹе̧ͷĿͶһԵᡣ
Ŀ֮͸¶Щϣּżֹذ
ã跽ŵؿڣ˵ˡ
ԣһ㶣û뵽Լϵôãһ仰Ȼǻ䡣
Ƣģֻ»ᵱΪôʧôҲ
Ƣº͵ģϸѯʡ
費̲һ䣬ݷԼɡ
˵ףϾϿӰ
ϵ˵Ը
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ͬصͷ˵
εؿЦԼϵ֪ԼĶѲԭ꣬Ż˴ı仯ֻ¾Ц˰ɡ
ȻȻɵ˵ʵֻǵ˵ͷһᣬ˵ףʲô飿
ţЩҪ˵֮ǰҪ˵
ϵϢͬѾĻر˵ͨӵһȫµʽɷϸ˵˵
ʵǹԼ飬ҲûԥʵԼһʼײͨѾǧҵһԼ֮һЩСϸڣʵظ衣
ῴĸףȻʮĮܴһ˿С
Щ飬ĵ飬Ҳܹ߰˷֣˿ûвֱѯᣬ֤ʮΣԼĺӡ
ҲΪˣŻĴ󵨵˵
ԼЩľǳĬƬ̣֮󷽲̾˿ᣬ˵ԭӦ̫Żʹ˲ӣСҾͷ㣬һ;򲻿ɼ꣬ΪԸ̫Ӳ
ᰵֹӣɲҡ
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ĳĻΨеͷǡ
ʱͻȻĿһ˿â̶ʵʵңڵΪʲô̶ȣȻҿϵϢӦûͣڣƺֲô򵥡
һǿߣԼϵ۹Ϭһ۾ܿϢڲͬ
ϸ˼£᷽˵֮ǰӦýں۷֮䣬һһ֮£޷۷Ķ֣ԷҪˣҲôס
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ص޼ʱԺ޼ϴ֮Ӷʹҵ꾳ҵͣڣǺһǿ߽֣Ҳûһս֮˵͸һǿš
ãããҵĶӡԣɴЦϻο֮ɫ
ˣ޼Ϊλ˶֮˵ͻȻ㣬ʵ
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ʱͻȻ˵ʼô꣬Ҳ澭˲٣˵ǸСѾͷߣһĺ֪㵹Ǳ²С
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һʱ󾽣벻ǰһϵ裬Ȼý᲻ЩЦá


291 г޼ɹ
ģҲΪ⣬΢΢˰֣漴ɫ˵Ѿ߳Լһ·޼ɹѾʺˡ
һ㶣Եؿ衣
£˵Ƶ۹ЩҶ֪ˣҲ֪ôĿģϾ޼ɹļ̳ˣһ޷㿪ġ
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ȻףȻЩȣתһ룬ҲȻˡ
޼ɹٹȻЩһȺСУ᲻ȥ׷޼ɹݵλҲӲܣЩһô˱ôߡ
Ļ֮ǣڸ޼ɹŵĵˣҪֶθػֻаѵ˴˴ˣ˷Ųš
Ȼ̫Сֱӽˡ
ҲЩ˼ɣϾֻǣҡ
Ȼ޼ɹ۹ĹϽϾԹűǴƬҶ۹һĶʱһȷѪ꣬Ϳ̿顣
һ費ԸϾ޼ɹȻλȻҲʲôѪ֮ȫ˵۹ƽ
һᣬ˵ǣһƴġ
ֻ˼£Ѿ˾ͬ˵
ǰΪδص޼ɹȻ޷
ȻѾ̳ٹݣôӴΪβֵܳã᲻ֳԱûԵõ۵ˡ
޼ɹҪؼֻǶָ飬ֶΪ
ϾؼҵĳޣΪĹϵѾϣпܣȻؼҼȥġ
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˻õ˶ң죬Ȼʮֲǡ
ŻľŲΪ˾ʲôס
˵ǵ˵ͷοص⼸Ĵĥȷʵࡣ
£Żһת˵֪ΪҪȥѰ𣿡
֪ҡͷ˵
Լٹʧٶ꣬ҵ˱һҲ֮УȻûйȥԭ
˿ᵽҲЩɻ衣
᲻Ƭ̣Щε̾˿˵ԳǰȥѰ㣬˿ǰУҪ㡣
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һ䣬ڵ¶ʱ˺ü¶ȡ
ⷬЩľȴǴδ޼ɹ֮оȻҲвг
漴뵽ƺӴһҪǿн龰漴Ҳû̫ˡ
֮Խ޼ɹ
֮Ǵ޼ɹ
޼ɹǵ󳬼ڲĽṹģʽҲż֮֮ͬǣ˸һƶִ֮⣬⻹һԪŵĴڡ
ǧɽȻӵžţ޼ɹ֮УĻŴʵ۵ʥּһ㣬û˿Է
ǾǻʵۣµĳӶвгķ޼ɹȻҲˡ
ЩгȻԪ
νԪŲһ˶ܽģԪÿ϶Ƕ޼ɹйܳ׵ˣΪﵽһǿߡ
Щ޼ɹ֮еĵλ֮¡
ԪȫҲ˵ܹȫѹס
Ͼ涼һЩϹΪεҲϣǿϸǴﵽ۷塣
Ǵϣֱ軹Ҫ߳һΪͬ۷壬ȻΪԵʣ޼ɹΪͳġ޼ͼ¼Ϊľ١
֪ҰľҰġ
ĸףҲ游֮ʱҰ⹬֮λ
ֻϧԵʺΪҪҰȻûκλᡣ
֮ʱƾϵȨ;ԵʹҰʼնΣֻܽԪϻΪһϡ
λΪµ޼ɹҰҲ漴ΪԪϻĴϣԪϻеλߡ
վֵĶӣҰȻ豲СЩΥ迴УȻŭΪ޼ɹķչҲûȥƽϡ
ңԼлԼԵЩҰѲ˹ϵ
ûκ֤ݣȻҲû˵ʲô
źλḶ́ҰҲǰࡣ
һֱĪʧ٣ҰƺЩ֡
ʱٹȴɴ˴ûҵ޼ɹ֮ʼѾԡ
һʼãʱ䲻εĹȥҲǷԭƽ޼ɹǳЩɧ
ҰϰзԼĵϵҫƵƵӴϣ˲ԴɫĻ϶йΰݷá
ʱ跽Ÿоһ˿
ҲΪˣ֪Ϣ֮Ȼû¶κμеľٶȴǵһʱԸȥ
˭֪һȥ£ǰȥ̽飬Ҳ֪Լӵ顣
ԭҪǿƽһֵΪʧȥ䣬ǿӲֶķУʱٴʧǿɾ͵òʧ
ıԼʵ赹ҲĲ٣Ա޼ɹֹ˳䲻ʲôٶ
˵ȴ£ǻˣҲзһʯ
ȷʵԶԶûн
뿪⼸Ұûţҫ⼸ŬѾ£һ޼ɹĵӣӵ
޼ɹ巢չǸʮֲõϢ
ԣ˴һҪʼڲĲг֮
ʱ˷ƽ޼ɹѪ


292 
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Ȼ˵ôֻ࣬Ϊ˵ǰƣȻҪ顣
Ӧ޼ɹҪܹһ
ԭҲֻǳڶ޼ɹĹģ˵ȴǴδ޼ɹʲô鷳
Ͼ޼ɹʵǣֻҲû뵽޼ɹû⵽евԼڲìܡ
Щעһ£Ǻܿͻġ˵
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Щ࣬赹ЦЦ˵Ҳõģ޼ɹҰٵ죬ҲҶֵģοڡ
ԣ΢΢һЦӻҰҪԸңҲġ
Ҳ΢΢Щ
ԭص޼ɹ֮ΪƽĹһʱ䣬ȴ֪ӦΪȫĵطȻҲΣķʱЩЦѡ
գһͬ޼ɹ䳡ѾΪͳȻҲǸһ
ʵҲ˼ϣܹ͵ӽӴ£Ͼʧô꣬ӶٹЩİ
ԣ跽ϣܹڵǰ¶棬һΪıԿҰ
ɸո䳡ʱ򣬺ɲɣӭһȺˡ
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ʱҫһǿᣬ㾶ֱ˹
۴Ⱥˣһ˼߰˸ΪӦö޼ɹ̳
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ɴ˿ɼ޼ɹǿ͵̣˵˵ġ
ֻ΢ɨһۣ㲻ٹעмΪ֮ˣ˼־衣
˱ҫˣͲӦòʮ꣬Ҫһţòһ꿡ǰ㿡㣬һϢ۾񣬲ʱɢϬĿ⣬԰
벻Ļˡҫǰվһڱ˵
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᲻ΪЦЦ̶˵ǰˣЩ˻Ϊ˴ʧ
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ҫȻûκζһŵŭ𣬻Ǳ׵Ĳ׽ˡ
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ҫеȻҲʮϤЩٹڵʱ޼ɹ֮УҫΪҫۣͬһ㡣
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ҫ¶һĨаЦһŵ˵Ҫʲôע˵ǡ
ҾͲˣˣôұ޼ɹ̳ߵݣӴ˲̤޼ɹһΣ

һ˵ڣֳһƬȻ˽𾪵ؿᣬĿдŴ㵺Ͳš
˭Ҳû뵽ĶעȻ֮Цδ⿪еˡ
ͳΪ֮ɫ
ҫҲ΢΢Щ㵣ܿͷӦȻЩ಻סļǿס侲˵Ȼô˵޵ţұӣˣұ뿪޼ɹ̤롣
ʹ죬ҵеˡЦ˵ôǱ㿪ʼɡ
˵ţ΢΢ǰһ
ֻһ
һ
˿ûκһ
һֱӽҫǰϻ۵ƾѹȥ
ҫʲôûֻǰһͽԼò׻ȫң΢΢һݣĿǶһݾ֮ɫ
и΢΢ЩڣԼղд˵Ķע벻ǰһʧ꣬ΪҲ˲١
ͷֻһ˲֮䣬ܿҫѾʰǿҲûаܵĵžԵġ
ʵδǰչʾʵ
һעҪ뿪޼ɹǸ˾Լ
˵սδʼ˫ѾڲϽš
ͳԼվҫЩ˶ʮĬ໥˿
սһ


293 ս
ΪģܲϹһҵľ硣
Թ۵ĵ޲˷ܵվڽ䴦
˵ٹҫ˭Ƚǿ
ǻ˵ȻٹٹΪʧǰΪѾܹȼˣοǰ޼ıֲǲٹܹôı䶯ɼʵ
ҲһҲ˵ʧǰˣ˵ٹʧΪ˲ӣʧ䣬Ҳ˵⼸ٹΪӦͣͲǰŶԡ
ûҲ˵ˣҫЩʵҶĿõģǰѾڵǿߣʵһֻܼµʱٹδʼգһ˵ܹʤҫ
˵ôʲôã֪ܿˡ

Χڶӵ˿Ӱˡ
˾վҫеѾʵ˲࣬һȣʶʶֶΡ
ҫһ£ƬʣȻñһͷڷȻ裬ҫΣҲͬȰ㣬˲ʧ
ҫʧһӱǳ׵ıȡ
ԭЩҫ͸ոն̶̵ƽ棬Ѿǰҫǿ
֮ǰĶֶҪǿϲֹһ㲻㣬֮ǰ֣ᶼδйظС
˴εĶ֣µУǧɽͻħ֮ǿһˣеҵĽ֡
зǳǰҫУô볹뿪޼ɹ
ȻԭҲûҪͼ޼ɹʲôȻݴиô˵ҲԼУοˣⳡ֣Բܰܣ
˫Ȼһգڴ˿̺ޱıӿıӿ䴫һž죬嫵Яųȵľ磬ؼ¶ȣѸٻͬʱһ֮бȶ
ЩĴԸʯȣκεսܹԼ״̬Ƕ괳츳
أ
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ȭݺݵĺƬ޿ռ䣬Ȼ伴ʱһֻ޳ȴͻȻ޿ռ֮̽Ȼ絶ľȭ֮ϡ
ഥһɿֲľʱӿϣһѷ˽·ٵӶǿľϯ䳡ϵһЩʯֱη۰Ĵڡ
ʱѾѶȼҽ棬Ŀ΢΢˸һϸ߿գ˴ӡ䶯Ȼ󣬱ʹ˽ֵĵط
ȴû˿˼
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Ȼųν֣΢˸СڵʵȻҫгһСȻԼոں˰δȫȶϵȴҲò˵ҫʵ֮ǿ
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˿ҫǱһʵǣ֮ϣâתȻӦıףŽ籩ĳȥ
ҫ̤գһͨ徧Өĳǹǹͬ磬͸һ˵磬Ȼһɡ
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צһϵǽ֮˲ѳɷĩ

ѣһݺݵϣȻڶĽ֮ȴõĿɿڴֻһЩܹ֮˿ϣѾһɫ⣬ҫĹȫǱЩɫֵ
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䴫һƺߣδڰգոչһҫȴȻݺһ档
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ڳԣһ㶣ôһѣҲǸܵһ㣬һϸЩص˵Щ٣ֻ似ˣ޼ɹŵĵҲ٣ǵ似ǴӺζ
ֻǣϵĻûܹش


295 
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ҫ۷ǿ߾ȻƵֵزΪȻǵôΪҲֻڶѡ
ϣһһƾҲҫЩǱǲ壬У̺һּ޵Ŀ񱩾־һӴ壬ǲϵĶȥõΪķ꣬ҲδϵʵôδʰȽ֮С
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þȻӵвֲͬԵ
ԣֹ֣ǰ֣ϢӵаֽȻͬԣޱȡ
ȰԵоͫ΢΢һ
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ͷ޴Ķ֮Ͻ󷨣Ǵ۵λá

ѸŵҲһĿתԶϵҫ˿̵ĺߣɽ˫ּۣϢȴԽԽŨ
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أ
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ҫһԣ
ϣĿµᣬָ߾٣յĶž޴İһȣֱ۶Ȼһ˦ӴޱȵİǴ¡¡ľ֮·ʯһ㣬ʣ𺳵Ŀ£ҫȥ


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һˣҰ裬ϣҲǻıһ⣡
˭֪ʤѶʱŤתʤ֡


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һתȻ˵Ұǲᣬ˴һҪ˵޼ɹΪõģǵҰˡ
ĻҰʼձŵĵȻ飬˿΢΢Щ䶯ͽȻһ䡣
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˼ˣҫǷһɺ⣬Ŀ⻺ɨᣬδԼȻܣһܵǱ
һǰѾҰİ֮ͻƵ۷壬Ǹʱиһ˭ĺ顣
ʲô˫ܣʲô޼ɹѵһ꣬ﲻǸС
Щ̿ޣΪгɾͣ緢ʱ򣬵ΪܹҫһֱĬĬš
ڣˣʱ꣬λŻˣ⻷ܵ޼ɹӵĳݡ
ԭΪѾزˣȴĻˣЩҫ˵ʲô˵ֻòҪִ޼ɹĽֻҪôȻﵽǰδеĸ߶ȡ
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ҫչʾѾõʵ֮ʱ˶ҫǿ˿ҫĿⶼǳȡ
ȻЩôǿ󣬵˿̵ҫȴ˵ǿ
˳ǿߣһ̵쾡µ֡
ɻûһᣬαǼ緢תʵһ֤
ڴ۷壬ҫͨ۷ǿߣһȴǸ֤ǿ
һ̣˲ȻٹѾԭٹˣһ̵ٹǿò֪ٱ
Ҳƾһʤ뿪ЩĿհѾ˲٣ڳ޼ɹĵӣӵĳݡ
Щ֮УҲһΪһսĿ࿴
Ұ֣֪ҪɱҫǲˣҲƲ磬ȻҪ鷳Ҳ׵ķŹҫ
ǹһĨЦ˵ĳ˵ҫǷ䣿
ҡҫ죬ȴоǱʲôסƵģɬ˵
ڶ޼ɹӣԼͱ˵Ŀ⣬ҫ֪ϣһˣҰ֣Ѿûˡ
뵽ҫĽһ̺ȻɫЩ粻ضᣬߺʾػ
ãҫŴӿӲرҡˣ
˵֣ͺҫϵһļ΢΢ζ
ϧᲢʹ˷ŹǼ˵ȻˣôԼ뿪޼ɹ̤룬ҪԼ


298 ǿƱ
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˵֣ͺҫϵһļ΢΢ζ
ϧᲢʹ˷ŹǼ˵ȻˣôԼ뿪޼ɹ̤룬ҪԼ
һֳһƬȻ̶һƬ
˵Ŀⶼҫϡ
ҰҲüͷ΢ɲ塣
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ῴɣ֪ǰΪԪŵĶϣûҰǰҰģǰһΪ޼ɹ濼ǣʮº͡
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΢΢ҡҡͷ̹˵ɳϣ˵ϲĨǣЩ޼ɹҲ֪һȰ
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˿̣ĮĻҫԭ԰׵ɫøѿһ˫ȭͷյЩס
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һƿСĶӣ۱ҰҪȻ˶˵治Լ̨£ҰĿһâֱᡣ
δᾹȻ˲˳ϣں˺ƤԭΪݣֻҪһڣٹҲҪ˼ɣ˿ȴȫȻ֮⡣
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Ȼ裬ǰһֱվڰǰ鷢
ҫȻ۷ǿߣ΢΢ЩȣԭЩԼĶӵֲҫ
չֳʵȴǴһϲмֿ͸ǳ
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跴ӦһοοĴԭҹͬʱЩ̾ϢԼôͣȴԼøɴࡣ
ҰеҰѾȻҡ
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ˣЩ֮ˣңûЩأö֮۸ĶӣƢҲӲܡ
ȻӸղŵڵıʮ⣬ϾҰʱ᲻֪Ҫٱ츳ʮֳڣԶԸġ
Ұʲôһ棬ɷ˵ֱӶҰʵ
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ҰҲû뵽赱棬ҲȻȻԼָԤˣûе
뵽⣬ҰЦ˵ôǸĪҪƱˣ
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Ұô˵ɫһƬࡣ
С˵ҲͰˣû뵽Ϊ边ȻҲ˵ѵĲ޼ɹİȣҪԼ˺Ƥ
ʱٴμ˵ǰ˵ûӵȨôɷУ˴αڹƽĻ֮½еģ˵ԼǵڶǰµģŶҪԼϣһŵǿԺʮִ𺦣Ұ˵˵ö𣿡
Ұɫÿ£ʻţĥν
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ʱһɫҰ׵ҫȴǳϵվͳԴޱӲ˵ãԸķ䣬ߣ
ҫҰҫһ˵вһ
ҫȴ˿ᣬӣһһسȥ


299 ź
տĴ֮Уֻˡ
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Ҫֵģϵ粻ϵɣҫȻȲҪҵʯȻҲһȻ̬ȣ˵
ҡҡͷ̶¶һĨЦ⣬˵ȻǼ˵㣬Ľ㲻ҫ뿪޼ɹҰϺʧȥܹҿĳ롣
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޼ɹҰﶯ֣üͷʵ
Цһ˵ϺҰĲϣʲôġ
£迴ᣬ̶˵޼ɹڶ֣ϺȻҪɵ֣棬ǾͲ˵ˡ
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Ȼ軰е˼Ĵ޼ɹڣһʧֻҪȵӵԺҰ࿹ʵʱİȫ
ǣҪȵǸʱҪ¡᲻һֱ޼ɹĽҳǻ˺ڵ
޼ɹȣĽҳǲļңĹڡ
ķӦҲܲ³˼΢΢һ̶̾˵֪ЩЩ֮;Ѿ߽һȫԼȫµ·ʣδδɿɣ㣬Ҳ
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ԭĵ費Ϸ뿪ִ֪ʵֵġ
Ȼû˼ȴиҰԡ
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΢΢˿ǿĵɧ漴Щε˵Ȼ㶼׼ˣҾͲˣ
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˵ͬʱѾ׼ǰ½ˡ
ʮεæ˼ֹľٶ˵Ǹܲȳȥһ¡
Ķһ㶣̶ĻԭϵЦʧȡ֮һί
һС۲ѡ
ѵ𣿡أ԰˵
ԣЩͷ켱æ͵㲻ҪᣬҡֻЩϰԡʱԱˡ
ᵱȻ˵ǲ˼Ͼһ˽εεŮԱ߰ԡһѪյֻ¶ԿƵס
ɲΪһʱ嶯ʲôõ
ûĻЩãȻ˵ǡǰźԡģ֮ǰô꣬Ҳû˵
һ޺ģƵòУȴЩѣȻ֮ǰǱźԡ˿ԼǿӲľܾĻɣɲʲô¡
ԥãῴԴӤʵգݺһҧ
ɣ


300 
һ˫ŵ¶ȵԼϲţѾᵽŮ˵ζ˿̲סЩԳ
һϵȻҲǵһʱϸ΢ı仯΢ٵĶ֮УСŮ·һʹСԴֻµСȴǷΡ
ԭδô࣬ϾѾźʮ꣬ԭֻһʮϡƽ飬Ƕ˵ȴͷһ⡣
ǰɲʲôͨŮΪ˳ɰòҲϵ֮ˣ˿
Ͼôǧѡģܲȥ
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ǰҲźԡȴǴδֱӰϹ·һΣִ֮⣬ȫΪͻȻϢʧ˺üꡣ
ٴλһķϣʧپһΪĵʧȥĹǣЩ꣬С²⣬ǲԼûоŮְ𣬲
ûʧ飬շŻ˴󵨵ľٶ
֪룬ΪǰϰˣΪݲҴֻҪ
һԵСЩֵؿˣԴȻ֪ʲô
ܿ죬һ˫ֵİ֮£Ѿ¶׳ͭɫ
Щĥ£ӲһṫӸİ𪣬е㽡Сɫ滹мǳ˰̡
ȻΪ֮ЧЩ˰ѾôԣֻҪԸ⣬ʱܽЩ˰
ǣȴûУһûʱȥЩ飬ǰĹ۵ΪЩ˰̱Щ꾭֤⽫Ĩ
Щ˰̣۾ϧСظİ̺ۣ۵˵Щ궨ǳ˲ٿͷãʱܿסҲ档
˿ֻ̣ϴһĸоһ˫۵С壬ȴǵȼ񾭣һȻС֮ȼ
ʮƣƽյû㣬ױ
˿Ҳ֪ԼΪλˣĲϸڵԽŨҡ
ἫҪƣȴʹСǹ𲻶ϼǿ
ʱҲǷеϧʧȡ֮һߺ졣
ʱҲǷ֮ľٶЩԭ˰̵֣ܾͬС¹һ㣬æջء
ֻǣҲ֪̫ţֻʲôǸоϵʧһ㣬ŲһģӶʱᡣ
Ȼڵأ˳ֱӣʱһ˱ǡ
̼ڵһɲǣǣʹĽӺᱧһͺ˳ƽĴϣ˲ȥ
ݺݵӡ˵㴽֮ϡ
ҲǱͻȻĶһŴ۾㶵ؿĶһʱ侹ǲ֪롣
ع֮˱ʧİԵ֮С
һŨҵϢ޹κģֱ´һʹԻع֮ٴʧһҵĳ֮Уһ˫۲ԾعסĲӣŬӭһ˵쳹ӡ
С￴һĻ׷ʲô飬һ˫Сߵ۾СŤŤسŲȥ
ݴ飬ͬһͷţһ㲻ͣϿš
ʱȥã˿ûκƣļ󣬷Ϊƹϣһͳ壬ܲסǿĳһҸĻоǻ˹ȥ
ʱĿȴǷŹĺɫݷûзµԾɲ֪ƣͷš
ȥֻεεСѾͷδ᳹ͷڵľܲס
ʱһ޵ϢͬʱͷŶܿϢԽԽ࣬Ѿۿɼ
ϵİɫϢܿͷųĽɫϢ׽һ
ʮִһֱͬɵһ㣬׽һ
ĲϳںԽĽܡ
Ƭ̹ȥں֮γһŽ׽Ĺ룬˰ΧУֻܿһģӰӡ
ʱĹȥԽŨﶼǳ
˿̱ŵˣǷ˵Σеĺɫǽɫһ۱˽ɫһֻ۾Ǳ˰ɫ
ʶҲ漴ʧԼֻһޱȵӿ壬ִ˱˴˽ϵĵط˳ȥڡ
˷ţϵѭϴˢ˵壬ÿһѭڵǿһ֡
ͬˣֻӵûôࡣ
Ľѭ˵ĹǸӺʵ˿Ѿʵ˸޷͸Ρ
֪˶ãһһѾǵı˴˽棬ǽںϳһŨȫȫµΪϵѭš
ڻ״̬ˣ˿ʶطһŨǴǰδеĿУǻ֮Уܹ׸ܵ
ܿ죬ǹؼ˲٣Ǿ˼ʮεѭѾʮϡ
ֱٴһΪֱ˵֮С
ʧһ˲䣬ĹǷһ͵Ĺâ漴ŨתǷһ죬ű㳹ѣɢڿ֮С
˿̣ٴιƽǰһжǲһ㡣
ȻʧڵȴûаܿƵԼת
ٶԽԽ죬ֱǷתӴγһתټУڵС
вûоʹֹͣţ̰ȡϵ׳Լ
˿ֲ̣ͬԵݷΪĬĸԷ䣬˭Ҳ˭ǸռһĽЩתԼһ֡
յ֮󣬰˹ǿʼ˽һںϡ
֮ǰһβһһںϡ
ȫͬԵǰӴǱ˴ں
ʱһͣ粻ֻСҹʱ䡣
ںһ֮ڵȻֹںϺȫ䶯һ漴һ󼯾۵ܿγһʵʵĹ򣬹ֻȭͷСͣĵ︽
ʱǴǰĳ˯Уѹ


301 
һ͸еԼڵı仯δü㳹ɵˡ
ԭֻԼ¾ȻһѪŵĽǽο˵СŮ
еľȻԶԶֹˣϵһƬǽ壬Լ¶ĺϺۣ˿̻ܵϵһ𣬴һĿͺɫۡ
ٲҲʲô顣
˿һ飬ҹһģļ漴УȻǼЩģ壬ǰ龰Ȼ
ǳ˯лŵƣǴΪϧͬѪգ˴˿̻һϧ̲֮סһµСǻӦ˵ԸȻ𽥵׳
̡һܵһ˿仯ǻƣ۾һ۱㿴ǽߵӣͬʱܵǳʵ͸Уһ˲ҹķ̲סһɺΡ
˿ɰ˵ģ᲻ʳָ󶯣иǰȻѾˣںҲûãο⸱ɬģ֪²ûκŭ
ôĥԸѲΨΨŵŵԸ񣬶粢ûй涨һֻȢһŮˡ
˼ˣһͺֱѹȥһܿʧǿ֮С
˾һҹķһٴ÷ȡ
ʶȻҹǰ޶ȣƹϣȻҲϧ
ãعƽֻ˱˴˵ĴϢ
Դؿǿϣͷںڵĳʮɢҵ䵽һԡ
ḧǰֵĽץǰǸ߸¡⣬ϸϸذš
Ѵ鷺ģǱһҹ˿ѻ˿᲻һ˿

ԣ㶣漴˵ҹҲ֪Ϊλ˳嶯㡭
᱾Ҫʲôģһڣȴǲ֪˵Щʲô
ԣ΢΢ҡҡͷ˵ˣһӶ̷ֻһˣֻҪҪʱԡ
㲻ˣԼΪҶЦ˵
˵һУҪûлȥ塣˵仰ʱһ̬һɾǿζ
ԣдΪжϧ˵İɣֻҪԸ⣬һֱߣУԺүͺã֪𣿡
ǣ١үʮ˳Ӧһ
ΣЦ˵úϢͲҪˣһͳԵĹ
˵ţһӴӣԼСԴסȻѾйܵĽӴСӻʮֺߣ¶վǰ
ľٶЦЦҲûȥߵһԵԡͰ֮УҹΪ׼һУȴ󣬴˿ԡͰˮѾȴ˵ûʲô
ԡͰ֮Уúõϵۻ࣬Լպҫ򶷺ĳ
ˮУ̲סһ
ܿ죬ĪһеԼ˿ڵƺЩͬ
ǰط֣һ̶ڣǰΪļ飬˿̾ܿѾԼı仯
֪ʱԼڵȻ˷ظı仯ԭոںϰǰȶ˿̰Ѿʧȡ֮һȫµ
ȫµ˿ĵ֮Уϸһ۲죬㷢ļеأһ㲻䣬ڷɿתţֻΪתٶȿ쵽£ûϸ֮£ŻǾֹġ
ķתԸоΧһһαУȻתһ֡
ֻΣҪǣһ̷֣Լĸ֪ǿҡ
Ҫ֪Ԫ½ߵΪǿڵ٣ȻҲʮֹؼޣ֮ĽڶĹͨá
ڵ٣ֱӰܹö
˿̣ڵİһΪһ壬Ϊһȫµ϶˷Ծı仯
ҪǣĹͨǿңʵһء
ʿ֮ǰܹһ˵ľΪ󣬶ܹľʮʮܱ仯ɸͣΪɱС
Ҳ˵ʵǵʮӦǸࡣ
һ֣ʱϲѡ
ȴδΪԼڻĪı仯ҹԼ쳣ٶ
ҹʱڱĪķӦǾԲֵܳġ
ѵΪԵʣаԲ²⡣
ֻǣףΪǸŮΪҲֻе֮ѲΪһϦ֮ԼΪ˾޴ķԾ
˵еĲ뵽⣬ȻʧЦ
ȫԼ뷨ʵ̫Цˡ
Ȼ뷨̫޻̸֮¶ȻйϵԼıϵСѡԼߵģеԵֻԼǸϵ
һȥˣš
ʱ˼һ漴񣬽оԼڵ֮ϡ
һ̣оһı仯ǵô򵥡
Ҳ˺һʱˣֺҫһս۷̡
ԭֻᲢʲô뷨ҹײȻ˹ϵ漴Լ˲Ԥ֪ı仯
ǾΪϣԼƺѾﵽ˳۷
뵽һ㣬±˾
Ҫ۷壡
õʱ̣תһ룬ѹԼɳ嶯
Ϊ֪һ۷壬Ϊͻͽȫڿȵġ
ΪˣҪ۷ѶȲһĴ
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Ĵ㣬ȲĽӲøɾ漴˵˼仰úϢ֮󣬱㼱Ҵҵ뿪ӡ
ҪľһЩҩ֤ܹ˳ͻƵ۷塣
ֻҪ۷壬ȻͲٵҰҪ֣˵õʱᷴԸҰԼߵΣ


302 Ѫ鵤
뿪ֱ֮ͳ޼ɹ֮С
޼ɹĵȻĵӣΪܹõЩӣ޼ɹԹҲǻһЩҩʦڵƸҪĵҩ
ò˵޼ɹĵȷʵʮӴ
Ǳһҩ𺳡
ǰЩޱȵݣ᷽ŲԼǰĽҳһЩݺǰЩأֻǾţһë

˿ܿȻովЩݵ󣬵ӦҲȻˡ
Ͼ޼ɹܹӵ˶ҩٲ
һԵһֲһ۱ϳǰƷѪΡ
һȥ߰Ʒݲ
ǣоȻвʮľƷݡ
ЩƷݣжʱԭȵļƻ׵һȫµļƻγɡ
ոջڵļλҩʦȻҲϵãΪѰҵҩġ
ǰǰ˲ʮֲͬݣЩҩʦʮֲ졣
ʱһŽ߻˹
Ҫôݲ֪кãҪʲôҩܷԸ˱ǣȻţһƷµĵҩаյģǰƷҩƵĳɹҲҡ
ԣǰߣƾļ䣬֪ܿߵݡ
޼ɹﱲߵҩʦ賾һľӣˮƽѾҩʦˮ׼
޼ɹҩҩʦǰ賾ĵӣ賾С޼ɹ
ҲǸ賾޼ɹĵϵӵܣСȴϲ似ڵҩʮָȤᣬһϵķ似תΪһҩʦ
ʮǱרУΪһҩʦȻ֮ʮ賾ˮƽûͻƵҩʦľ磬Ҳ벻Զ
ķḻһҩʦܱȵġ
һһרеҩʦȻҲǲᵡǺǺһЦ˵޷ұҲһҩʦһҪѰЩҩģһΪԼһöĵҩҲ֡
賾ԣǲؿᣬߵĻشʵ̫ˡ
޼ɹٹȻһҩʦ賾һʱҲЩԺ
賾ԺŵĿ⣬룬֪˵ǰߣֻºǲ״ӦʹЩݵġ
Ȼ޼ɹٹҲܵģУ賾Ȩ
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ǣ˵ҪҾƣӦòٻ˰ɣ
ҩʦ賾ᾹȻô˵ǲ졣
˵ͷֱ㽫Լĳ춦˳
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룬üͷ˵֮ǰҵˮƽӦڸ߼ҩʦˮ׼֮ϣھͲ˵ԼҲ֪Լʲôˮƽ
߼ҩʦ£賾Ǿȡ
ԭѾʮ־ᾹȻҩʦǣҲӦֻһҩʦҲֻм
û뵽һھ˵Ǹ߼ҩʦһǰ
賾ı飬˵ѣټѡĲϽһЩ߼ݣЩȻͨҩģҲƷҩҪõǡ
賾̲ϹŶûΪͺ
ң賾˽⣬֪ſڿ֮ˣȻô˵ضȻġ
һʱ䣬賾ȤҲԽԽҪѡôĸ߼ݵҪʲôҩ
˼ˣ賾ЦЦͬȻˣѡİɡ
лϡЦ˵
ͬʱ˿賾ͬ⣬Ҳûʲôһʱ䣬㿪ʼææ⣬ѡҪĲϡ
ãò׽ҪĲ׼ϣ᲻¶Цݡ
ֻǣ˿̵賾һҩʦĿɿڴؿᡣ
⡭ǰƷݹ٣ȵȣǾƷѪ֥
賾ЩȻϤֻΪһóô쳣ݡ
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ʲôѪ鵤ǿЧ˿ھƷ鵤İƷҩ賾ЩԾ˵
˵ͷ˵ǣҪһöѪ鵤
˭֪賾𾪹ͻȻŭȳ֣㲻ֻи߼ҩʦˮƽƵóǾƷ鵤ҪƣɹҲɣǺ֣
ѾԤϵ賾ķӦĻҲգǵһЦһӣһʮִİɫϢ漴С
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Ϻ۹⣬֮Ȼ֪֮ôӦ֪Ҳں֡˵
ɡɾ֮߼ҩʦˮƽҲöѪ鵤һǲͬ⡣賾ҡҡͷȻᲢá
᲻˵ûҸղ˵ĸ߼ҩʦǰˮƽѰİƷҩʮɣȻѪ鵤ƹЩӣɹʻеġ
賾۾ӺߵĿУ賾һ֮ɫ
ǱȾ賾ԥ£ε̾˿˵ðɣȻִţһΡ
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УȴһǿţԼ
Ͼҩͳ˲ͬ츳֮İҩˮƽ
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᷽Ż˵ŵػ
һЩȵϢһĨ֮ɫһ˶ĳҩǺȻ֣֮һʯ̨֮ϡ
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ͨ岼Ƶĳҩصʯ̨֮ϣǹ˶֮Уʯ̨Ĳһ¡
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Ѫ鵤ƿʼˡ


303 
֮ڼ䣬һӣһҩĶʱɽƮɶһİ֮£ʯ̨֮İУһööɢŹâϸСһ㣬·ȥΪѤ
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˵Ѫ鵤ҩ֮ǰڵżȻ׵ıʼз֡
ʱҲǼѪ鵤ΪأǱּ£˭ó
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Ѫ鵤֮Ժ֮и֣һЩؼ֮Ǳֲֻ©ľӡС
ʮƲϣҪҩĵĵҩл״ɴ˿ɼѪ鵤Ѷȣ»ҪİƷҩһ
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εɫҩҺЩѪɫķƤ֮ϣΧһֺ㶨¶£ƤȻڻ֮һŰȭͷСѪɫҺ壬ҩ֮ڡ
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ѪɫҺСֻĴָСʱѾüΪճ״ҲǸһĨ΢ЦһУâΪһö沼ſӿݵİɫӣνĹ
ϵǼΪ̣ûרŵ֮ͺѴаԼҪһҩѪ֥ˣԼ٣ˡ
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ڼ̹ɹ֮ǽͶҩ֮Уν٣ΪļӲľǽ𣬶˾ⶫĿԣҲ൱֮ߣ֮߷ĸ»֮Ҳǻʱôѿһķ϶
ѿ϶֮ʱǶʮŷɽҩ֮УϤΪһε̺ž֮ҩҺ֮ϡ
ڶҩĵĵ֮ԼĪСʱһؿ֦٣ǱѿЩصķĩ̳һöɫķ
ϣ˳ϣһĻԼԶԶΧ۵賾ˣһǰ͢Ƿٵַǿۻҡ
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ĿעѪҺƬָ̺һѪҺƮƮķɳҩ֮С
ѪҺոҩ֮ڣ̺ǿֱҩ֮ڹ磬״üͷ壬һ£һҧǴѪ֥֮ҩҺԼҩֱۣӵͶѪҺ֮С
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ҩҲڴ˿̺ݺݵ򫶶˼£ǻѰҩ¾һ𣬾͵ֱӱѿ
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һϵײҩڱ֮ϣԺصݣʱ򣬼ÿ˶ƺƣһ⡣
ʦô죿һԼĪʮҩʦʯ̨賾
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˺ȳһ٣ҩʦҲֻÿЦŵ˵ͷ
޼ɹΪ಻ϵ»Ȼ䣬ĿȴĶҩ֮ڣкܲҩÿһ䡣
ȻҲ֪ҩưƷҩɹʼҪһԱƳɹһЩҩʦҲ԰쵽
Ტľʹ˷жʱ˾


304 񱩵ѪҺ
ĿĽԽԽСҲԽԽۣĳһǣӣͻȻӿɫ֮֮ڼ䣬ƺĿѪҺ֮ǳʴԼں֮ľս
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˴γֵʣЩϣΪǰһȫҩ֮˵û˿Ĳ֮ԶһҩʦǰŸ賾ǰֵš
ɵ߳⣬ȻЩ֮Уʲôδ֮С
ǰᣬҲ֪ͬһƫ˫ӿ֮һЩȻԭҩҩҺ֮ϣһѪҺ֮ڡ
ѪҺǴ̺֮ĿԶԶѪ鵤ҪѪҺ̺֮Ŀ֮ƾѪ֥ҩ֮ȫĵͣҲ˵ѪҺ̫֮ǿҩ̫֮֮䣬Դﵽһƽĵز
ͨڣüͷδչ֮ƣǲܽѪҺ֮͵Ļôֻһ֮ѪУѪҺ֮⣬ȴǲδ׼ľѪ
ң޾Ѫʵ̫󣬼޼ɹҲֻСƿѪҺȻЩѪҺɲóˡ
һֻѡǰˡ
ͷҲ΢һӣͣڰϵڶţӽҩ֮У֮ϯ֮£Ϣʱ䣬ЩҩıǾĿ£ںϳһεɫҺ塣
עǵ͸Щº֮ɫҺ壬ָһ߱콵䣬Ǳ淭ڵԽԽҵѪҺ֮С
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ѹ֮һ֣΢΢һͣողƽѪҺڰ㣬ӿһɫԱĿ֮мٵ
ͻȻֵıʣҲڳɫһ䣬ǹɴѪҺ֮ѹ賾ˣҲһǵľ㵡
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Ļһ˵ȣ˳ԾǣǰгһҰҲǺȻС
˿̣ɶһۣнһĨأȻụ̈Ҳ賾е֪ǰ顣
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ȻΪ˵ã˽Ĳ֮࣬ǰδ̫עѪҺֻ֪ȱĹزϰˡ
賾Ҳֻ֪ѪҺƷ鵤ɶõĲϣȴǴδѪҺ̺˿񱩡
˾㵼䣬˭Ҳδ֣λԵСǹѹֵǣ籦ʯУЩâ
ԭҲǱ﷢Ȼҹһҹһ´棬Ͼŵ֮Ϊּҹֻõ˺ôʺŴȵߡ
Ϊ֪ᰲΣ㼱Ҵҵظ˹СԼģҲûע⵽
Ŀ⣬˿ҲĶǵѪҺ⣬Ȼ
ƾһξѪǷǿѹ޵Щ
ЩâѪҺ֮ѹϵĵڶҩ֮кͣƺѪҺ֮Уһɰд棬һԴѪİ⣬ɰ⣬һöɵĵҩ
ǰôǿᣬȴֻһѪҺѣһţշ㣡
ѪҺ֮вϴĿ֮⼤һ˿лһָһһѪ֥ٶȳУ֮ϣ֮ڼ䣬һڽѪ֥ɶȻԴԴϵҩģҲǴΧʯ̨зɳͶ֮֮С
ѪҺķ̶ȣԶϣҲɴ˿֪̺Ǻεȵİ磬Ǵ˴ܹ˳ƳѪ鵤ĻƷʣﵽ൱ߵһΡ
ͷе֮ڣһѪɫҺ壬ٶȸ֡
ҾͲβ㣡
ǵѪɫҺ壬һҧָһ߱ǻΪһӰͶѪҺ֮С
ѪɫҩҺѪҺ֮Уߵǹɿ֮ҲΪ֮һǹѹ֮£ȻңƺΪŴðѪҺ֮ѹҲԽԽʢúͻأĳЩ㱣Լ䣬һΪӴͷҩ֮˳ݺײ
õͷδ֣Ǵһ͵͵ƺ΢ķ֣ԼȻЩ
һе֮ɫҲԽŨ
ҩƣҲһΪѪҺжϣ޷еѹⵤҩԶƳɹ
ʯ̨֮ϵأ˶֪һεƺһ鷳
ȻҲǲ֪޻᲻ʲôϹŴԶޣڵѾǵѪҺЩͷö
ͷ֮䣬ԶСٶһĨâһǶʯ̨ӶȥСֱӴΧռϣʯ̨֮ϡ
СһʲôЩɲҳԡСﴳ˻֣εĵ
СǺԻذһۣؽлֻϧȫʲô
СҲǷöһӽĶҩ֮ڵǵѪҺйâҲԽŨӦһҧ⣬һԴһ˿ɫѪҺƮȻǰ
ǰ˸ӨӨѪҺһ㶣ɻҪѪҺҲѹѪҺѹ
Сľٶ°ͣΪغߺߵ
ɵؿСһһۣһᣬֻ̾һ棬ҲֻҽˣɲУô͵ƺ˰
СﱾȻСȴǲ˵ܹ𵽵á
ͷָһǰδŽѪҺǷɽҩ֮УȻǵѪҺ֮ڡ


305 ɣ䣡
ѪҺ룬Ƭƺ߳ǼļžǾ㵵ĲǹѪҺ֮ǿѹѩˮһ㣬ɢ
Ŀɿڴҩ֮ڵı仯Ϊ鲼еԵʣܹĸоǹѹڼɢ֮䣬Уһһľ֮⡣
̶̼䣬ޱͷ۵ѹʧøɸɾֱ仯õ㶵һǵСɻ棬Сһ﾿ʲô
ѪҺ֮еǹѹѪ֥ҩĵҩȶͷŶȻѪҺ֮еİ֮콻㣬Ȼʼһںϡ
С֮ǿȹһأ˵ΪգȫûҩҺ֮У̺൱֮ǿϾвһѪҺСһξѪȻ֪Сﱾ徿ǺεޣܹǹǿѹѹƶµȻѰ֮Ǵ˴ɹĻöѪ鵤½ֹһöǾƷĵҩпܳΪһöľƷ鵤
Ʒ鵤
Ԫ½֮ϣƷ鵤ûУֻÿһžƷ鵤ǷǷ֮˽⣬ԶĲ˵½ϵľƷ鵤Ҳöѡ
ÿһžƷ鵤ĳ֣Ҳζһҩʦĵ
Ϊ˭֪Ʒ鵤Ψҩʦܹơ
ңǴﵽҩʦҪƳһöƷ鵤ѳ̶ȸǳܹġ
˽⣬ϵʦ׳ϣһҲƳһöƷϽת
֮ױδٴγƹƷ鵤
Ͼǲһɵĳɹʵ޷׳ԣһʧζҪʧŴݡ
ŵҩʦҡۺҲ𼸴ڵġ
Ȼ˵ʧܸΣǻ˽ǣԳסȾ޴ʧ
ҲΪξƷ鵤ϡȱԵʡ
ԭҲûԴҪƳƷ鵤ΪСһξѪ֣ʹҩüΪŨǰҪ
ȻˣɫѪĳ֣ȴûҩڵвϱøӿ񱩣ãͬϳ׳ԹԽĵȡ
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Ŀ⻺תҩ֮Уö֮֮еϽɫҩΣҲǸһĨظЦݡ
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Ͻ˫ɫһһ㣬ڵҩ棬ȥ߱Щһ㣬Ϊ档
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ΪƣǺѹѹƷڵԽԽӿƬ̺ٶ쳹ǰһ׳һ֮ɫٶԺ֮У

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һжΪֻܰҲᷢ飬ܰܵʲôί
ȥֻֻⱲӶʳѰһӡ
ζԸ
뵽⣬᲻̧ͷԶգֻԼüĻ


309 չǰϦ
ص֪ȥСҲڣҲûȥᡣ
֮þ޷ƽϢ
ܰΪ˿̲֪ʲôĿ࣬ܲġ
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һ̾ͱ֮ϣʹڵıԴϢһ˿ǣͬʱγһѭ
ɴ˱迴УСͽߣĿıΪ飬δʱܹ˳µһ˳
һΣ֮ȵϺҫһսʹڸոδȫȶ壬߱㱻ڵıԴϢǣŻϡͿĺϵ
һ˽ܹõĪĺô޼ͼ¼ᣬȻߣջȻᣬҲһͻƵ˵֮۷徳磬ֻһס
˵⻹᱾ΪͬѰҲࡣ
ң軹ᣬ⡶޼ãֻˣպֻҪһΪܹõܴջֻŴԽԽ࣬ڵﵽһƽ֮󣬲Żֹ᳹ͣ
ҲǣΪЩӣÿҹȡԭ򣬲ɫΪʵ
ȻҲų˵СѾͷԽԽϲˣһ˳ᷴСϱǼ
֮һµʱ䣬ᵹǹޱ⣬İΪ˲СĽ֮ҲǱתʮ֮˾š
һ죬ɴһ֮֮ԭ뵽ɢģǻδüжĪһ̶ɫ΢䡣
һǰɿ˵ҸоҪͻˣڱȥɽѰһ徻֮أȥ¸֪֪Ȼ֪
˵꣬ҲشһѾʧ
μֻۣƬʱ䣬Ѿ޼ɹĺɽ֮У޼ɹԭʹһ͵ɽ֮ϣɽ޼ߴΧŴ̺һܹ׽ӴģһǿߣҲδɽ֮г衣
ǣȴǲͬΪڲͬͻڼһط˵Ǿѵıչ֮
ǰѾȥ֪ͨ裬Ǹϵ֪϶
֮ôΪľǷҰϺꡣ
ȻһҰϺӼûκζǲҵģ裬ҰһӽȻԺϤޱȣ֪ǰὫҫϳ޼ɹҰʧȥ̡
ҰԴֳܹĬᶼš
ҲΪˣ᷽ȥ֪ͨ裬ΪľǷҰ
Ȼڵõ󣬱ҵ裬ڵ֪ǵһʱ˹
ΪտҪ߳٣Լִɽ֮ʱҲ֮
Ҫͻˣһᣬ㷢ֺϵϢ仯Ŀ΢΢һâ̶ʵ
赽΢˿漴ͷǵģǰѪ鵤Ϊһͻơ
İɣڣûܹ㡣Ҳϻֱ˵
ı֤Ƿ漴˵ЩӾ͸ˡ
˵ţ಻ˮһããŨ֮С
ڵΪǰŨأܹ׵ķֱΧΧĻһһ֮С
һѰ֮£һ΢εɽ֮Уһͷ˽ȥ
ʮֳԣչʺϲʮΧĻ˵㷴һӣɢļŴʯ৵һڿնһ̱㽫ֻ˸ߵĶڳ׶
ԭΪŨڵʹɽ߾Щ谵һɽһƬڡ
Щ˵ʲô
ɽͷϸһȷɽ֮ûκǱڵΣ֮󣬱˸ط͵ϥӻͳһССУбƽ档
Ὣ֮һ͵Ĺâ˲ɽ
һһֹâӳӡĿ
֮еһöֻĴָСϽҩ裬΢΢¶һĨЦ⣬֮ǰƵöѪ鵤
ֻ֮£׳˾Ʒ鵤˵٣Ǳᡣ
Щ֮֮ǿ׳˲٣֮лһ˿Ϣ⵹ջõϲѡ
ջὫССϽҩУָһöϽҩ㻯һŹâƮĿС
ҩڼֻһŨҩڿУҩ̺ǽ壬ѪҺֲ֫ٺ
һ֪Ѫ鵤ʼЧЧǱеҪ߳ࡣ
ֻһգ۵Ƭ̣
и֮࣬ǿԼ侲漴˫ϣĬĬؽڣƬ֮ĺþȶƳ


310 չ
չѾµʱ䣬޼ɹûзʲô£ƽ˾һƬꡣ
ڶ޼ɹĵӣҲ֪ǲŻõٹƺڱչ
ٹһڵҲǴޱȣڵΪ۷ҫѱÿ޼ɹĵӽֵûãᾹȻٴαչˣЩ𾪡
ң׷ײ²һǵλٹܷ˳Ľ۷塣
ֻǸоѪڣʮ۷壬֮ǰѾ˸ҫϧѾˡ
ԭﻹЩʧǵٹҲҪ۷壬ɲ֤޼ɹǿ
һУɻû˭Ѿ۷ľġǼ֤޼ɹԶҪǿ
һڵӵ˼ûᣬȻƽ˾ֻȴʼղҴ⣬ʱʱǱڵĺɽĿ͸һĨء
ɽ֮ϣʱĸΪģɽ֮Уˡ
ʱչѾµʱ䣬Ȼɽ֮ȴȻûа㶯
ɽ֮еӣոһգ޲Ѹţκ˴㣬ǸΪĽ׻
ƽӣչԼĪĸ֮ȴ΢ЩⲨԴΪԵʡ
ɽ֮еŨڷĶɽ֮л۶𣬶ңֻٶҲԽԽ죬󣬾ȻɽȰմγһмӴУеģǴɽ
һ̣ҲǷ˺ɽ֮е춯Ŀⲻɳɽķ
֮⣬޼ɹ˶һ˿Ѱ
ҰΪ裬ȻҲǵһʱӦɲͬѰ
Ұ֪չصϢֻΪһֱСķûκζ
һҫЩļƻ֮һ棬Ұк޲ʳǣлᣬλ׷Źᡣ
ԴҲżȻЩΪչ֮죬ȴƽͣΪ
ߣڿЩӣܿұҪ޼ɹӴʧڴ½֮ϡҰţϱǱޱȡ
ʵѰ߽۷壬˷ӶΪյֻǾڹ
ȴǲͬڣֻһķǰޣǰֲͬԵںһȫµȫԾ쳣
ЩйעǱȫµա
ˣԭһֱ۴ֵ߽ͨ󣬵ȴҪ࣬Ҳǵһһô򵥣Ҫǳʼα
Ȼ˵ȴĺô
˾ô۷ĸϡ㽫Ѱ۷ǿ߼ʵ࣬һ㣬ԺսУҪá
ɵı׶ˣҪѰ˽׸ӴֲˣŻǰһĻ֡
쵵ڰջתţΧԴԴϵıеǿɽ֮ǿʼСɽ۶
һĻȻҲǱɫ΢΢һ䣬޼ɹ֮вֻסǹڵĵӣһЩץȦĸǿޣ
ȦЩ޵ĿģһΪܹõӵӵʵս飬ϵǱȦ޼ɹȻĪĺô
ЩȻȦȴǷֲ޼ĸѰʱ򲢲ţԻԭˣЩ޶ĸӦҲǼΪôǿҵĲȻҲǸ
ɫ΢䣬ɽ֮УХϣɷɨգһܹɵǿгȻɡ
㣬ҲɺɽǣǺɽ֮ҲǿʼѸٵĶźɽӿ
С׶˲ʼį״ʱεҡҡͷһǳ˺ɽ֮ϡɨɨܣ˫ֶȻӡᣬɫҲء
ӡӰɽ֮ϵĿռ䣬ͻȻЩ䶯֮һƬռ侹ȻŤǰ쵵УҲڿռŤлڸǡ
޼
ռ䶯ԽԽɫҲԽԽء֮ӡȻһ䣬ȵ
£Χռ䶸ȻһһĲѸɢɽϿֶɲɢǴɽڴķҲǻı¡
һУ跽һͷźɽ֮УȴǿտյıһһɽȥδﵽĳʱռͻȻһֹӰҲ𽥵ʧ
޼ɹ֮Уʧ軺̧֣ͷɫʰ쵵ľ޴У漴εҡҡͷʵҪɽĿռϢȫҲҪСģǽ޴Ķȥ
ȻĻһʱˣⲻ̾޼еĸ޵ı˵貢£Ϊ˱޼ɹ⵽ʧǱһĺá
ϾЩҲ޼ɹһԴһͷ޼ɹʧ
˿ռϢĺɽĴͨʩչȥеЩҲȻǾ޴İȴǲδɢʱ±ԽŨɽеᣬԴԴϵĴӴ
ʱ䣬ոһյƽ֮Ȼȹ
֪䣬Ǵζ֮չ˹˰֮ãɽ֮УȴȻûа㶯ûаҪصļ⵹Ρ
񣬾޼ɹԼʥصѾʣ޶ࡣ
˿뿪޼ɹѱҰᶯ֡
Ұһͬϣȴ޷֤޼ɹ֮ûҰצ˭Ҳܱ֤Щ˲ᶯ֡
ҲΪˣ跽Żż
ᣬȻǸӹİΣ
ָɳѸţɽ֮еʱռʱ
ɽ֮Ǽ֮ϵĿռúɽΪһĵطûκˣ䴳龻
ǱʯѻɽȻ޷ӦȻȻǰͬǸ֪ǿڴ˱ܹ֣һ쳣ǿϢĵ޷ţʱȴһ̡
ڵɽ֮Уһ̣ͻȻһ΢Ĺâš
âһţݷ֮ǰûгֹ
˹ãһâ
ԭֹᣬһüͷȴ΢΢һ¡


311 ۷
ʱ䣬Ѹţոһգȥ֪䣬һµʱ䣬չصʱ䣬ƺǿҪӽĹ⾰Ȼ֮ʱ䣬ɺɽУȴȻûд˿춯ľĺɽƺǽ
ʱУɽУӲȻïʢţĻ֮Ǳܹɽռݣɽ߰ӿȥ
ĺɽʱȻţĳһգǧƪһɵɽǳһ˿ͬ춯ֻǻתӴУͻȻ𽥵ֹͣת籩к£ΪɽӴһһֱǱӲɽ
ưգǴ˺죬ӴƳ̺źεӴӴб£ЩӲͻȻۿɼٶȿή£̶̼ǾݻƣɽУǲ֪ʱ˶Ͻ𽻻ԵĹԼʯɽڣҲǻ֡
Ӵڣû˿춯
ϵУѾɢоҲҲ𽥵ĻָƺҪӴᣬھۼѾﵽ˱͵زһ㡣
еĹ룬ǵӴɫԽ棬𽥵ĳЩķģЩ΢΢ɢźâȥΪ档
ڳȱʺ󣬱һתۣǼʱȥǱʯѻʵʵɽڣһѾ˽ʱǴЩ
˫֮жʱ㻮ӹ磬һ̣ƵɽڣǴһϸ΢ž졣
һɳŽʱİϢѵʦ㣬̧ͷգص֮
ɱ֮ǰǿ˼ֹİϢ֮£ɽǳϸ΢Ĳһֱ۴׳ѷ֩ĴӶ鲼ɽÿһ䡣
ǣ
ʯͻȻһϸ΢죬һϸСѷȻ֣ȻԼٶȱ鲼ʯһͳУʯȻֱǻмѿ
ʯѣеȴδ˿˫ڰգûн˿˰С
˫漴̯ɽ鱩İһȣһ̣һضеĺ֮ͷӿ֣ǿȴΪģ籩˷ϯ
ۺѸٵĴɽɽȰɨУῴ˺ɽǾ޴ϣǱ֮ǰµ޼ΪǷֳֹĶ޼ɹڶӵĿֻš
ͬģҲΪ˱˲֪´ŵͻơ
Դ˲˽⣬ֻǾЩɻ󣬵Ҳһ˲֮䣬ǿޱȵ֮΢΢һֱӴǲ㱡ϡ
ɢɽȻȴδʹֹͣǼӴ޼֮ɢȥɢﷴ䵽Ժ֮УȻ޼ǿ޲Եɨ裬Ҳδǵĸоǣããɽ֮Уʱһ춯صŭЩУɽͽޣ
ԵɨУδܵ˿Ĺ
Բ֮ضǾɢȻƺҲĳޣˣĳɽʱҲ״һɢʱ糱ˮ̶̼ʱ䣬Ǿ֮ڡ
䣡
һȣ¡¡ľʱ쳹ǵصɽڱǻҳ䣬ɽٶȱ򿪣
΢ӣǴ۵⣬վɽ֮ڣ˫̯ů֮ϣһůĸо֫ٺɫɻ
һչȵкӿޱȵǿϢ˲佫ɽС
ţĿ΢˫΢΢һǱ᲻֪Ҫϼʮɽ壬һ˲䷢һľ졣
£ᱳɽ漴ԽԽңһɽʯ֯ͣ
ᾹȻֻƶǾ޴ɽ徹Ȼ̼̮ʯ
ʯڽӽʮ֮⣬㱻һεľ׽÷飬޷֡
ܿ죬ɽѾʧ֮ķ۳
۾ǰһĻ΢΢һ̣ʮԼĽ
۷ֻһɽѣǷΪƣΪָ꣬оʵ̫ˡޱȸп˵
һεıչʮ˳ڽѪ鵤İ֮£֮գڳʱڣʮ˳ͻƵ۷ľ磬еĹ̾ûκѣǰ벻ġ
˿̣һĽں֮µҲԭ̬֮һˮˮ淺Ĺâӹ
ˮ಻ֻһȭͷĴС˿ĵС
֮ǰ쿪İѭ˿Ǻ͵֮ӵ㡣
ֻҪһڰޱȵӵﴦˮֱ֮ͨеһתؼΪ֮ս
ȫµϵǰѾǧ࣬źò׹ɵİѭϵͳҪøΪ򣬶ҲҲǸΪټࡣ
ô˵˿̵ΪѾͣڱչ֮ǰľ磬֮ľ͵ʵܹһɡ
˵Ѿɹﵽ۷ľ磬ʵǳżα
ڳӯк
ϣ˿ҰһսĻᡣ
ǰܵҫٴκ֣֮ǰǰܽ˼ʮɵıܹܡ
ߵĶܿҲ޼ɹ˵ע⡣
ϾϢɽĶʵ̫֮󣬾Ѱ˵Ϊ޼ɹ裬Լһɳˡ
Ȼ˵跢ֺɽ춯Ҫ֮硣
֮Ĳµ޼֮ʱѾ
ˣһʱ䣬ҲǱǿޱȵ֮𾪡
֮ɽĶõ֪Ѿƹض
ⳤ֮õıչأǷջûȥɣǰһ죬֤һС
ˣü
֮һʧԭء


312 Ľҳǵķչ
Ƶ۹Ľҳǡ
ص޼ɹѾ꣬ǰչ֮ǰѾͳϢȻЩҲû̫ൣġ
ʱ䣬ĽҳҲû̫Ķһжƽ˾֮ǰ̻ԴǴ֮󣬱㳹伣Ȼʱע̻Ķ򣬵ȴûκѶҲͽ·ŵһˡ
û谭ԵҵİѾֵ꿪Ƶ۹ÿ䡣
ȻҲƻҵĲ롣
ǴĽҳǾеᣬѩƹ֮ԻԳϯҪĿıΪ˺ֹھԵķչ
ԵȻ׾ԵҪ׵ķչпǸѡ񣬶Դûʲô
ԣ֮£ԵƻǩһЭ飬ԵÿİȫƻרŸ𣬶ԵὫÿָҡ
Э飬˫ȻԴϲ
ƻֻɳһֱ֤ԵȶչȡԵİźͰȫϣȻ߳˵֪žԵٶȣҪڶʱһɿ־ʵĻôףĴ۸ǼӴ
һֲʲôµϷһ޼ɹٹ鷳ڴ޵ȥԼ
ңô꣬ʵЩվ۷ǿ߸һµʶ
ףԼΪҲܹǾǿߵУʱ򣬲ǿ˶ȡʤġ
ոս۷˵Ͷ֮ɽѣǿͬĶ֣򼴱ʲô֮ĸ֣ٶ࣬ҲһȺϣֻҪԸ⣬ָͷЩ˻ҷ
۷ǵֲġ
ҲΪˣ᷽ŻͬѩƵ飬ȻȻҪɵȡҵıզ֮ǳ˲ٿ
ʵȻϾƵ۹ڻҵƿ֮УһŻҵĲ룬ԵȻﵽһȫµĸ߶ȡ
ǸѵĹ棬ܴ
˻Ҳ룬Ϊ󣬻ȻҲǽ߾ȫžԵʵҪڰ֮ڽֵŵƵ۹Ȼǲܵ顣
һȻɵ󣬵żαȴǾԵ׬øࡣ
ҲˣͻһܵϵԺ˾Ե⣬ҪչȻҲǴкô
ǰ֪ͷ˺ðµĵԪ½һʵá
˾Եķչž˵Ľ֮⣬Դһγɹ֮Ѿ˳
֮ǰҲǺֺϸڣÿ궼һ˹ģ޴ᡣ
Ϊ˵һεĳɹڵ֪ҽٴξһᣬǷ׷ĽΪıǽԼеıļ۸󻯡
ƻҶԴǴ֧֣һǧ˵ĽĽҳǣеĻʮ֮ĸֻ
һĽҳԭҵʵϾԵǰһЩڼϻĽҳǵʵǸ߳˲ٱ
ֵı֣ȴʹĽҳǵ徭ñøӷ٣ٲȻų۶ļû뵽ġ
Ϊˣʵ̻ҲǿĻᣬ׷Ľҳǽֻᣬ˹ѩЧӦĽҳҪٶѡ
ԭĬĬŵŮӣҲΪԵչܿ챻ʶĽҳڣ˾֪ڽһ·ˣƴ۽ʲôҪ˼Ӳܻش
˭ǲ˼ֱѿڶ

½صǷ׷ע⵽ᣬѾټľԵŮӣ˵ǸŵľɫŮӵĽ
ϧȻ⵽Ĵ涼Ըһۡ
һЩСӵܳ˱ŸȻ鲻ˬҲû˵ʲô
һЩǿӵܣ˲̬ȣǿǴΪŭмӵܣԼ׼ҾԵ鷳ϧ󱻺ͬеֱӱһٶͷ
Щҵʲôݣٴѵȵù
ûκι˼ɵȻҲǲͲʲôŮǰǾСħŮɫֻ
첻µزµԸΨֻסҲ֪Ϊʲô˵Ļǿǰ˳ЩԼ»
ͣҲ۰мѣȻҲǲù£Ҳֻϸغúý̵
ˣŸ쳣
˴Щҵӣο׷׳䱳ԸԵ
ǻûЩжҺͬʱ
һ˵㣬֪Ҫ;Եȥֱ˼ҵĴǰȥ͡
ûôƢΪĵˣȻ˿޼ɹΪҰĹϵǸעĽҳǵһһ֮ǰͳ˼޼ɹĵǰȥĽҳǣİΣ
ľٶ迴ȴûж˵ʲôȻĬľٶ
ЩҲ㾡ְأϢһһ·֮Ἰ֮ڱѾ֪
ԭҪνЩͳΪԼͷȴԸ¡
ͳˣ룬Ҳ½ͳʮֺʣǱͷӦˡ
õͳҲ飬ֱӴʮӣֱӳЩҵӵϳ
˵طͳһˣɷ˵ȽЩӵܺݺһ٣ǿ˶ԷһǮƣ棬ڸǾԵ󣬱Щ˳ʧ
ЩҲûͨͳΪ׵ʮǿߣЩӵܵĳ׷ɵˡ
ڵ֪Լӱ޹˱ˣЩ˵ıк޲úݺǼơ
ͳֻҪԷ⳥һǮƱ˽£ЩŵƿߣǮЩɷǿߣȻҵæǮƣҹ˫ַϡ
ͳ뿪֮ЩŵƿǷ׷״һǶݺݵسͷǼµĵ֮иҶԷ˵
⵽˾޴ʧЩŵƿ߿ǻõ˾ͳЩ˿ģʮᣬǿߣһʮ
ɴ˿ɼ䱳εǿǿһٸӣҲ˿ͷ
ҲΪһ֮ʱ䶯½
˽֪Ե˲һòŮӣұһʮǿ
һʱһЩڴĲФ֮ͽ˲١


313 ؼ
۹۶ؼҡ
ʱؼңһƬĬ
֮УλĺȻǵؼҵϼذҡ
ʱذҿģԵʮֲϣһ˫ԭޱȵĿ⣬ʱԻǣһƬš
ϸ۲Ļᷢƽı棬ذҵ΢΢һ鴤
˭ܸôһ£Ϊұչһ֮꣬㷢ô飬ǵôؼҵġ
ذĿһݣ漴ɨһȦڳ֮˽ؼҵĵϵӵܣ˿̱ذĿһɨʱͷ͵øͣҴһڡ
ûзӦذһߣ漴ĿɨһߣվڽһӰӵ˵ң˵
䴦ӰԣεǰӭذǲŭƣЩͷƤ飬ӲͷƤش»Ҫǰ˵𡣡
Ҫϻ˵ذЩͷشߴٵ
ҲѹذҴ˿鲻ã̶̰ʱڣԼϵӾȻȺԭڱչصذҸ֪淢顣
ǼЩ˼ִˣҲȥ
ذҵ֪ԼչһʱԼﾹȻ̱ɱȻŭ
漴ٿμ飬ҪŪ࣬ؼ۹꣬û뵽Ȼ˸ǣǶԷʲôˣذƱضҪɱӵʬΡ
ұذҵȻһ壬ʱͷðһ亹ôҲǿߣذǰȴͬ˳èһ㣬ɴ˿ɼذؼҵε֮ߡ
ģǰ˽ӵϢ˵Ǻ֮ǵԼҺƵ۹֮䰵ͨȡ۹鱨ʱµ֪֮󣬱ؼҸǰȥ׽ãСЩǽǰһ
ذҾҵĻرϱȴûκα仯
֮е˽СҷκȻذһǱǰ˭ҲԸʱȥذҵüͷ
ճĬãڣһֱûκζذĿ΢΢һ䣬̶˵˵ɱԼƾֵܶͬһΪ
ǵģ
˿ȥʲô֮ᣬҲĶ֣ذҼʵ
Ǹǰ׾ٵɱȴûκηӦȻ˵Ϊ֮ߣԶԶ֮ϡ
ҵͷذüͷһӵ֮ΪߵĻΪҲ֮£Ԫ½֮Уʲôʱһǿ
ѵĵӣ޼ɹˣ
ǣԼҴǰǸССĵط壬£ذҸû
ǰԼѾţҲ֤ʵԼҲǸСѡ
Ҳļ޼ɹнذиš
ʲôˣҶҪ֪ؼҵĴۣʲôֶΣȥ飬˵ݡذұ۾Ĭ˰Σ˵
ʱһֱδ˵ؼμҲƾֵܵĸףذҵĴһᣬǰ˵ףƵ۹ĽҳǳһŮӣŮžԵ󣬲ұһʮǿһɴŮƾ˵ϵ
ŶŮʲô·Ϊô϶ذɻʵ
Ů˵ãڴ֮ǰһֱĬĬţһױȵٶȣеĲҵƵ۹ллҵĲ룬˵ǾԵһӴޱȵ˶ۺ첻ѣǷҪŮ;ԵһڵڶͱһԵ壬صֱšˣŮЩǴ½Ϊҫ۵һˡ
£΢΢һ̶˵Уƾ˽ڲμĽҳҾе֮󷽲Һ;ԵϵʮܡҪһ㣬Ůֽ
˵ŮԼҵҴߣذĿһݣ̶ʵ
´пܣһǼǰͻȻĽҳУǸʱԼҲһʱ䣬ΪҪǣԼҼϥȷʵһԶŮһޡԣţԶƵ۹ԼҽܣȻǵԼҵҴߣ˴ƾ䣬ԼȻʹŮӲ˹ϵ
Ѫ˵ɥӣһΪؼҵμ̵ܹסʵ̫ǿ󣬶أһϡ
񣬱չõϼأ֪Լϸ׵ƢԣȻŹЩˡ
ˣԲε飬һɴ˽ۡ
ңԶԣԼŹ£һɱӵԪס
ⲻ֪һͲ֪飬һеһжᰵģûü
ֻ֪֮ŵԸҲ̲סʹɡ
Ͼ֮𲻹졣
ߣŮӱʵΣȥ飬ΪϷ˵ҪԳгˡذﺰɱ˵
֮е¶˲併˽Ǵ˸벻δϼΪ˲٣һƣ˺һƬ䡣
Ȼذ壬ȴһŻ𲻶ȼԭֻ֪һذҪԳ֣ӱѩޡ
ݷѾǸŮ˲ģ
ؼŶԲߣܿ˵Ѿͳһìͷ׷ָԶĽҳǵϡ
ɱؼӵܣһ㣬㹻ʮΰ˴Σؼҵϣݲơ
Щؼ֮ȴˣζԴԼҵġ
գһȺڵشԼңɷ˵Ǵɱ䣬Լ˸һɶһЩ޸֮˶Ź
ֶκײУ󻹱Ƶڤأӹ׷ɱ
ԼҲǸССļ壬ͬһĴڣؼҵʵ
ȴû뵽˿۵ȻɳؼҵĻһؼܵİɡ
ذҷԸһϵдʩ֮ȥϢ֪ӵѶλЩƣ
ʱ򣬴ȴǴһҽС
һӰ˽
ȷе˵Ǳ˴ɽġ
ذĿһݣȻŷһ֮˲佫Ӱס漴ϡ
˴˿̶һŷִ˾ȻǸոյõذ漴뿪ҡ
ǣ˿̵ȴһҰףĿɫɢϢʮ΢һ֮ˣﻹǰǰӡ
ûʱ򣬾Ͳ֪ؼǲǻӭˣ
Żһ䣬һӰǰ


314 ؼ
޼֮ϣ۾ǰᣬĿ͸һĨʺο
ӣѾ۷ľˡ
赽ǵһЦ˵һл˳ǲ֪һαչ˶೤ʱ䣿
꣡赭˵
չصʱ䣬ȷʵЩȣȵĲᾹȻ˰ôʱ䣬ǾᾹȻֻ˰ʱ˳ͻƵ۷ľ硣
Ҫ֪赱ͻƵ۷壬չѵʱ㳤֮á
⻹츳˻Ҫѵʱ
ˣֻ˰ʱ䣬˳Ľ۷壬ܲȡ
ֻǣԼһαչؾȻ˰ʱ䣬ʱһæʵȻôܰǡ
Ựû˵꣬ȴڵʲô쵭ЦģǴỹһµʱ䣬ȥ·ֻ첻ʱ仹ܳԣ
ԣ᷽΢΢˿漴ʲô̶˵Ȼһµʱ䣬ôһҪɽ顣
ҪԸؼң
ǣ˵ͷҲ
ԶĽҳǵǸСѾͷеĵλܸ߰ΪȤ˵
һ˵᲻һΡ
״Ҳټ٩˵µǰ֪һ뿪ҲģؼȻûвһ뿪ҰϺ˵ûᰵ֣㻹ǴһͬУҲиӦ
ԣҲȻ۷壬ٴζҰҲһƴ֮аỹǴĽ飬ϼһ

ؼңЩӵڴſڣ΢Щؼӵܣ˻ͣſڴ
ԭں˵֮Ҳ飬ֱͳ˶ʮһɽ
ǰΪ鵢飬һֱδʱؼң˻ᣬܹȵˡ
һձؼ˱Ƶýڤأбǻŭ
ؼңʲôȺſڣ׹Ĵǣһݵؼɫڲĸɺ
ذҹɡָף̧ͷ΢Ц
Ĭվǰذ꣬ſڵǱųĬ
ˣԼȥɡȺĬεЦЦǰ̤һ

ǰһſڴʱŵļһĲȥΪ
ͳɱǣϧһдۣ˭ɱǰ¼һʮңĬ֮䣬֮ڣȻһ󺰡
⺰£ſڴ۾ʱٴĿУ˼ֿ־壬˼̰
ĸӦЩһı仯ҡҡͷҲٷϻֽЩ׼ֵͳ£ٶ̤ǰһ
ɱ
Ǿ޶֮ϣһסջ󣬽ŷĶɱȥ
ľٶӦʱǺؼҲ׹˹
ЩļʮỺһ˫΢΢ת͵Ƴѿƣ
ƵƳһ׺ƥľ͵ͻأĸֶȻܹһʯƷľ磬ݺݵǼʮؿ֮ϡ
ͣͣ
֮ϣǱǧʯһ㣬ʮɱʱɫһףһڿѪһѪꡣ
ƣһת˲ǱÿյشţתͷЩޱ޼ɹӣЦ߰ɡ
˵̤꣬УҡڵģԼԺ
ǰıӰкȵĿ⣬֮ǰ޼ɹһһѾ׽һһ˵ٹҪ£ͳżѾԸ£ΪľܹһԼٹķɡ
һƷʮͨЩʵˣƾЩССϺҪٹ֣֮ȥһ׽
ܣһĵһ󲿷ֶֻе֮ΪˣҲؼЩֵܹġ
Ӱ轣ʿȷؼǿ߽Ժ֮УʱϰֳλӰ轣Ӱ轣ʿΧȻЩӰ轣ʿɱ֮ʮŨ񣬵ˣ޷˵УЩӰ轣ʿЩƣΪ塣
ѲǵǸܹһӰ轣ʿ׷ɱǱӴܵļһΪѾЩ˿ˡ
ЩǰĴӰ轣ʿŲû˿֮ͣ䣬ǵص;ΪԵıӿɾĹ֮£ǵӰ轣ʿѪˡ
һЩʵԸߵģִܹΧ£ǵֵסɻϲǹȰΡǰԵ׳˶ȭͷÿһƮƮĻӻһ¡
һ·߹ЩС·Բϴؼһ·ֱײƺǴ񫣬λΪһӰЩʵֻǽΪӰ轣ʿȺ֮УӰӹѪ裬Ӱ䡣
ʵʵҪԸЩ˸˷Ѿ
ֻǣһԼһ£һŭͲϵȼ޴йֻܽŭйЩùؼӵ档
֮ؼҶȻҪڴ½ؼУ統ؼеԼһ㡣
ͳǰЩѪɵӽŵڣûһγֵػᣬǰٹòľԼһ㣬ϧĻӻ
ǵǾʵǶٶЩСöѡ
ͳ˽ŲشһЩڵص̤Ŀ⻷Ժǽ壬̾һֻٹһ˱ܽؼҸ˰ɣ
һ̣ǲŷ˾Ҫʲôģ޴ʹ飬õһԭ²޼ɹӣǿ̾ѡ
ʲôˣΪ޹ʴؼҵ̣棬һӰѶһɵѹ漴ŶС
̧һʱһ֣ԭĲǱˣǵսһҡ
˿ϳģжʱһݣͫһ󼯾ޱȾغ㣡
ˣշ뿪ҴҲ̫ɵ˵㣬֪ؼ˲ǵˣȻ޴
£ޱϧ˵ȻˣǾþ򣬽ؼ£һһȫնɱ
ߣôĿؼң۶ѵº۹ΪУжĵνޱȡ
֪ǰɽ۹̧˳ĿıΪסǰޱȵᡣ
ϧһˣʲô۹
һҲҼ˵Ļᣬһ˲ѾǰںӦ֮ʱһĳ
Ƕʮֻȴ޷ܿһֶʱ´󺧡
ͷҲֻһ˲֮䣬ұؿһʹſ񱩵ľڣڵ˲顣
ǵɶֱǰ´֮С


315 ɱ
֮Уδɢȥˣէһǰıʣ㶡
ޱŵ룬˽ɫ䡣
ҵΪڣѾؼиǿ֮һȻϢر˴Ǳβȡ
֮Уʮ߶ţⲻԶĲҽǵ϶ǲžţһɿֻŵգڴڡ
ڴλλãذɫ΢Щŵϣ϶ŵĲ豭΢Ĳţ̧ͷȻĿתԲԶļˡ
һȣʲô˶򵽼ſˣٶǶؼҵ
ذֱ֮۲ϵزΪ£Ϊŭ¡
ؼҴټĽɽûй˳裬ȻĿŵĴؼңǰһֱӴ̼ذǺ졣
ףѾˣǸô죿翴ңʵ
ذԣ컺վ˵һȥҵҪʲô˾˴󵨵Ĵؼҡ
Ƶذƴչ֮ɫˣҲĵһ
أ
֮ʱǽյĴţһƬĴ䡣
ſڴľмƮɢһϮĳ˵֮ڡ
ûʱ򣬾Ͳ֪ؼǲǻӭˣϷЦƮƮĴ˽
ԣذһĨɣ𽥵תҲ΢˵ͷǰ̫ͻȻؼʮ̵ҾȻһдҲЩңڿǰ֮˲һʮ꣬ôܻһǿߣÿĵرƷҩҲԲܰɣ
ţذϵҲ𽥵ɢ˽ȭͷ޵һݺݵĵҲãξƣһ﾿жǿһ治ţһܰؼ֮ȫɱˣ
ǵЦƮ֮ڣ˵ģ΢΢һ£ĿȥſڴЦվţһĨб£պýУһȥһϵЦǰů㡣
ĿɨЦӣȻͣ˫ڵϣȴǲδаЦ⣬һƬĮȻı䡣
ƵΣ֮ڵ˸æ˼Ȼӵذԡ
Ŀڴ֮ɨһȦỺ߽ͳҲ룬ĶŶԷһȺˡ
ؼذң
Χɨ΢Уתϵذң΢ЦҲô
˫Į㶢סǷŪʱذ΢Щ˿ذмֱ־ŭ
һ̣֣ԼȻЩ͸ǰꡣ
ƫͷЩӵһؼӵܣ۽΢еĲ豭صһ˷顣
ʲôˣΪ޹ʴؼңˮŷĩ˳Ƶδ£ذŬԼƽ
Ҳ֪㾿ʲô·Ҳ֪ҡڵĴؼңǷøһ˵ذЦ
ǺǣǸûʲô˵ͷõЦӲҪ˵УǾؼҸɾͬؼҵԸԼǰ㡣
Ƥ鴤˼£ƤЦɫõذǻŭ𣬶ңŭ֮£żֿԷʵڲ磬ҧݣذ͵ĺݺǰ֮ϣʱӲ棬һֱӱһƬ
ãããԭɱ֣⵹ʡȥѰңҽյҪƾʲôؼ鷳
ŭһذ֮ϣۻᣬת˲ǺʵϣǸ֮ϡ
ǼȻԼҲʡһЩ˼գ°ɣڿʼڵۻҲõذҵ𽥵׳
һӣʱһ֮ѹȣŴڲ
ǹǿѹȡɫ䡣
ƽ֮ŨذңȴȻǻرϢȫ壬ϸĸӦǰ굱һͨˡ
ƵֹԵͳ˶΢΢һ㶡ȴǲδڴţվ
رĿƬ֮һеͳĮϺȻһĨ죬ƫͷעᣬĸӦС
ϢȻüΪİԼֲüͷɻ૵չغʵ𣿹ɲ⡣
üͷǾֵֹᣬذ𽥷һĨһӣɱǣ
ذҵʮؼӵܣһۣһҧ߸ǿٵͷųȻƵĶɱȥ
ƵöԷľٶһɵɫһ䣬һӣ˳ǰȥһԵͳȴǺȻҡͷ˵ó֣žУʱķԸ
ԣڶ΢΢һ㶣˵ͷ㲻ж
еӶĿϣЩؼ֮˼﹥Χ֮ʱǽᣬٶڵУһâ
Ŀ⵭ЩѾܹؼ֮ˣỺ̧ƣ޳ָ⴦һ͵ľһš
žŵһʮؼҵӣȻһȻһĿע£һɽ׵ı㣬ȻԽŵӶϣֻǶ̶ʱ䣬ʮӰȫͨ׹ı
˻
Ǳ̳ɱؼӵܣذƤȻٵĲ˼£кݺݵһ
֮ͻأֵʮαõôһֽ͵ĳĬ֮У˶ĶںԤ֮£Ǳ˱ϣ£Ȼһɷĵر⡣
ذؼӵܣ͵ʮ𽥵ӿһĨڲ΢Щãջؼҵ֮ա
΢΢ƫͷĿɿڴذңŲʮ֮߱дЩαһȻǺȻ˿ѣб˵ӰѪⶼûټһĻõͷƤ顣
Ų߽Ƭ̺һĿע£վذǰ΢΢ͷǳ˳ƺ¶һЦݣϴ˸ѣΪʲôҪ޴ؼңҪҸ֮ضҲͲˡ
ذ˫ǰᣬɶͷ֮ϵ亹˳յ£ȴǳ˿̵顣
̧ͷŵЦӣһԶƵسǺ⣬ӽĴõ紦ѡ
һ̣ذҸܵϢԼ֮ǰǹӿؿ־塣
ذݺһʱ龰ܴܵ裬һ˲䣬ذҵĲɳױһǿ
Ŀޱ


316 
ݽҧһذڵŭϴţش߶ڵʱϵǲϣøӼˡ
ĿⷺЩĶǸ翹ذңЦЦ޳ƻ̧ȻƮƮĶذҲӴȥ
ͫĶǲϷŴƣذҪܣȴǺȻ֣Լ壬ƺڴ˿̸һ㣬ȫʹ
Ů˰޳ƣƮƮذҲ֮ǲʵ֮ϣ΢΢һЦȻǲϣǿʼԶ鿪
ͫڴ˿̣۴Сذܹܵϵķٱ飬Ȼ˵һֻƣķĺ֮һذһëףէȻ͵ĵӰľͷ
ؼӵܶ𾪵ĿǰһĻ
˭Ҳû뵽УͬսһذңȻһ˺׵Ķס˺
Ҫ֪ذǳǿߣıչظѾõھ硣
ؼҶԴһ衣
һڵǿߴʲôؼ¶֪ذҾǵľֻ֧Ҫذһһ죬ؼұ
ǣؼ˵ľ֧Ȼһһֶס
Ķһǿ˵ֱܴ衣
һϢдذҵţһΪ˿סĺһǵؼڶӵ棬ܴܵ裬һвƵش
ذɫǺ죬Ҳ֪ΪֻǱסʮܣɫޱȡ
һεĽּ䣬ذȷеĸܵ˶ԷĿֲʵ彩Ӳڰ֮ϣԼһֻ֣֮Ȼһ󣬽ԼСߣɫҰ罩ʬ亹͸ֻƬʱ䣬һˮһ㡣
֪ΪʲôҪɱ𣿡΢ƫͷȻЦЦʵ
ԣذ΢Ĭ˲䣬֮ƣȻñ̹࣬ǵĺ䣬õ˲һ̧ͷǶīĮӣ˿ɣԼٳƬ̣Է̽ҲһĽȴʹذҲһ
ЦЦջƣЦݣȻգȴȻõذҵ˱
ڴһ͵ĿУֳһӣ̴̵ȥƳɫҰ׵ذңָףĵؼܹ֮ãȻҲʲôûӵĻɫ֮ǰҸǴʾҲܲµΪˡ
΢ЩĻذԽԹĬ£ų㾿ҪΣ
֪պαصҵյһУΪҪԸԼңЩУʱԼҲǸ۵ҵңʲôֵԳֵģỺ˵
ҪɱҪУϤ㣬ҪĳҲǰ׵ġذһ˵ֻǻжЩ㣬ϾոչֳޱƥеʵѾ֤಻ǰ˵Ķ֣οʮ֮ˣϸϢ
һȺ˸ͲؼܶԸˡ
һ̣ذȻԼһֱΪʵЩǰǸЦ
ۿǰľٶûдŹǣذһɱ⣬λõϣҲʹһûκӡ
ذһҵĻֻǵһЦ漴˵㲻˵Ȼ˻˵Ǹǿߣؼҵȴδء
˵ţһӣָץ״վԶһɫֵ̿ؼҵӾ׵ıơ
ҪҪʲô֪㣬ŹҰɣ
ԼĪʮ꣬ؼҵϵеһӣĸؼҵĺĳϡ
ԭ˿ȴɥ֮Ȯһ㱻ͬСһ
ɪɪȻҵĴš
˵˵Це˵ֻ˭óŨɱ
ҡҡĲ֪ŹҰɣ˿ɥһޱȻֵ̿غ
ŶһҲ߼ץŵˣɼ
ſ
бۿߣ漴ֱ΢΢һЦ˵Ȼô˵ˣǾͻ㣬Ӻˣ
ϣĿһݣеƮƮߡ
һ˿ϲɫΪɷ˶ȻŹԼĶӣҪ֪ͷһôĶӣҲˣƽտ۵òˣ¶᲻öһ䡣
ղż˾Ȼһ־ץסԼĶӣǰһĸŵð
ǿ峤Ը˵ĺݽɫԼĶʲôˮƽӵȻ䵽ԷﻹлĻᡣ
û뵽ǰȻ·ת˾ȻԼĶӷˡ
ԼӳµؼҳϣҲû룬һǰ㽫ӽ¡
һԵذ֮ʱѾɫȻһ䣬̶ȵغͣˣ
ǽغ͵ĳ֪бʣʱֻĶӣ¸ûκԥһֱ㽫ıӽס
ɫϲɫȫ֣͵һͫһ
סԼӵһ˲䣬һ޿ƥеǿ漴ϴ
񱩵ľݿ˺غͲֻ֮¾ĻһԵûغ͵ڡ
ۣ
һѪغ͸޷Լ壬˱ǹݺ˦ǽ֮ϣһͷƤײ
֮󣬱һԵؼӵܼ״нǺȻһƬ΢ȵĳæǰ鿴һ
غ͸ˣ
˭ҲûζֵģɾƤ£غӾˡ
ŻãǸӵܣغͱؼҵĳϣʵǴﵽ˵۷塣
ʵڵ۶Ҳһɾһ־Ȼ򵥵ɱˡ
һ˲䣬ؼнһƬȻĿǳŨŨؿ־֮ɫ
˿ûЩ˵ı飬һЦģ˵ҵĺޣֻҪ֪࣬˭ܸңұһһյʱ俼ǣʱһؼҼȮ
һ仰ɱڳؼ˽̲ס˸
ذҿһѾƵؼҵӣ֪ؼڽӣԵ̾˿̶˵޹أ֮½һֲ߻ҪǣαΪЩˡ
ԣΪЦ˵Ϊǣ˵õɣԼҲûǵǣΪȴҪϾɱеһ޸֮˶ŹʱǶֵʱ򣬾ûŽյıӦ𣿡
£˵ҪͼȰңֻһյʱ䣬һյһǺúζ


317 ȫɱ
һյʱܿ͹ȥؼҵ˵һյĹǸȴ
֮ԽأذҼҪ˵ȴһϢǿϢѹ޷ſڡ
ȿµѹǵذɫԽҰףһ˿ûڣûڵΪλԼҶ֡
˭뵽ԼҲǸҵңǰؼҲһ飬ȷ֮󷽲Ŷ֡
ȴΪǰһɷǣذҲ֪ǰ˵Ϊɲ⣬ڵʵĻᶼûУǺεȿֲ
ˣһյʱ䵽ˣûҪ˵ģЦеڴ֮˵ɨһȦº͵˵
˶֪ǺãֻܽĿذҡ
ϧǲ֪ذҴʱŬֵǿֲѹѾԹ˲ϾﻹܹܵЩˡ
˼ذҲ˵һʱҲǲ֪롣
Щʱ䣬ɷ˵һľ缤˲䣬֮һ̶
ֻ֪ʱվڽ䴦һѾڵϣһŷؼҵһ֮ĸۣʶϵ֮з

һЩСؼҵӽ̲סֵشʱѾһʮħ
᲻˾ֵطӦĵ˵ȻǶ˵ұһһؽɱ
һ䣬Ⱥ֮һ˵£˸ûпζֵġ
ʱ֮Уһƽյ¸صؼҳǰŭָᣬȣ̫ؼ꣬һ֪Сܹ裬ձؼҳҲҪͬھ
ϣʹ߶һڵ۷չ©ɣκηӦ㾶ֱᡣ
۷壬˿Ѿ޿ƥеĴڣУ͵Ķʵ̫ǵ΢˵
ҲκԤף͸ոսӽ岽ľ룬ĿһݣһõľӰ˲ǰ̼䣬һ㽫ɽȥ
һ˲Ȼʧ͵Ӱٴγ֣ǰȣ˿̵ͻѪģ˫գɫ԰ûһ˿Ѫɫ
ԭΪϢѾޡ
ʧȥ֧ŵֱͣӰе䣬صˤǰԶ
࿴ϵѾʧøͨ͸
ؼۼƽֻӵͳϾȻˣһشһ㣬ݺݵ˵ࡣ
ֻһ˲䣬һЩ֮˵Ѿױˡ
ԥʱ򣬴˼л߳һ߳
ϷʵؿǰߣҲ˵
߼Ŀ⣬һݣ漴һ˵ؼذ£֪ǰ˵ǷǷʵ
ӣҪ֪ģģȻô˵Ļ޷ڣֻҪ֪⣬һ뿪
ǡذ¿Ҫ˵Щʲôͱˡ
Ҫͼּۻۣսȫɱˣܹ±ࡣ˵
ذ죬εؽеĻȥ
ʱһԵذͻȻŭȵذ£ؼ֮ˣȻ̰ǰһŹؼң㾹ȻΪ˻Ϊؼҵϡ
磬µһеĽֻǲΪĸöǣѡذ¿۴˿ЩǱذңͷ˵
ˣҪ̰ҽڣҽ첻ұȻɱ㡣ذŭߺȵ
һˤذµϣ˵죡
ذзŨҵɱǿ߱˵˸⣬ֱܡ
ذɱɫҲᣬǶذµ˵˵ˡ
ذ˼·漴˵ġ
ţذ±㽫ϸ˵˳
Ҳû̫ȣЩϸ֮ǰѾ롣
ԼŵıȻ̻Ӱӣֻ̻ǰϵһӣذԣϵؼҵˣʵɲ⡣
Ҳŵؼôʹذͬ
ԼֻǸСѣؼƵ飬Щ겻֪ж٣֮ǰ֣ذҸԼûκӡ
˵ԼؼЩСеһѣûʲôֵעġ
Ϊ֣ԼǺؼһûʷĳ֮С
ŵؼҵô֮һǰذͻƶƿڵľ硣
ΨһЩ𾪵ĵط˵ʲô䱳εǿ󣿾Ȼɵİذ硣
˷˼飬˱жǿǵĿʲô
ѾǿΪҪؼ֣̲֮ЩСƺû̫ĺô
˼ãȴʼ벻ͷ
ذ¿֪ܵΨһ͸۹أƵ۹ҲЩ˵Ĳ롣
Ҳ˵ѾƬ½
֮䣬ͷһֲԤУƺһı
᲻֪Щ˵Ŀģ²ô򵥣ãЩϡ
ǿѹеľɣϱһ䡣
ذ¼᲻˵һҲǸžᷴǰĻ
ʱ̧ͷ΢΢һЦȴǿذľ
ˣˡᵭ˵
ĻذȴޱȿϲаǱסһˡ
û˿û˿û˿ɾʲôûˡ
ܹסһжɽĻᡣ
һĺĽĿ⣬ذ¸Ҷֱӳȥ
̤ſ֮ʱֻһϢ˲Ϯ
ذµΪȻ˵۷ľ磬⵽ּֿѾ䱸ֹ;ԣȴʼûж㿪һϮ
ֻһ˲䣬ذɫɱǰϲЦݣֻ˸ŵĿ⣬漴¡
ذһؿŵϵذ£մЩѪ
ῴǰһĻ΢΢һ̣ȻܷŹκһؼ֮ˣֻǰǰ˵Զֲ֣˲ᶯ֣ǰһȻΪ˼ŭذңʹŭա
Ȼһ˱Ѽ˳֣ذԭѾŭȫڸǣֻ賷עϵѹذұȻ𣬽ذֱնɱ
ذģû˿ͬ顣
ͷҲصص˵ؼұ᳹׳Ϊʷȫɱˣ


318 ҵľ
۹۶ǵĻʹ֮У۶쳽ʱһ鱨͸ȻŵĿ⡣
ָ֪Ѿյ÷ףȴԾɻȻ
Ĵ֮ϣֻмվһԣһ߼쳽ʧ̬ģɻ󣬲ɳʵ£ʲô𣿡
쳽žѹ漴ĬؽǷݱЩ鱨ݸߡ
߹ؽӹ漴˷ֻǣ֮ɫȴǰĶ쳽һ仯
ءؼҾûˣȻʮ𾪣̲סʧ˵
쳽ɫʮأ֪ãų̾˿˵۶ңؼҵʵǿذҵΪ˵ѴﵽڣʵΪûյκϢҲûκζˣؼٶˣǽǧӰ轣ʿȻһҹ֮䱻ɱɾ˭ܸҵô£
쳽ŭһʱҲ޴
ܽЩؼҵʵϵͣѾвҵĵλؼϺҰģҲǰصúܺãܹЩˡ
˵ؼұ˵Ӧþǻˡֻǣһ뵽ؼҵصˣ߶ĺҲ̲סЩ
ؼңôǿһ壬һҹ֮䣬Ϣˣ鱨ϵĵ飬ؼÿϳذ⣬һһб
ؼΪǿذǱһȫ磬Ѷȴûзְ˺ۣ˫ŭɼǰŶôǿҵĳޡ
һڵǿߣ˵˿û۶˵İע⣬ɱؼҵޣʵɲ⣬ѾԶԶ˶쳽
ܹ׾ٵĻһټؼңζţЩҪԸңҲͬǰ򵥡
һ뵽쳽㲻һձǲϳԼķؼǱڵĵ˵ȴûи쳽κϲá
һŨŨؿ־ڴ֮ϲš
ʲôˣؼҵ׵ʲôˣȻ˲̵ɱӵʵ࣬һ쳽뵽޼ɹ
תһ룬޼ɹͬʿһ㣬ƽո½飬һֱУ׷翵¡
һȻǿ󣬵쳽ҲΪġΪǲʲô
޼ɹҪᣬ쳽ǸҼһ޼ɹĶ֣۹ǧ֮ãҪ޼ɹҰģﻹҴڵĿܡ
ԣܿ쳽ͷɻ
һȴǸӿգкɱؼҵὫìͷָ
һʱ䣬ʹ֮ձʮأ֪ͽͣ쳽ǵһʱ֣бʹ
һЩ֪ʲô˻Ϊҳʲôʣһʱ۶ҲĻ̡̻
Ტ֪ԼǰһٶȻ˾޴𶯡
ؼ֮ǰһκԼű󲻽ؼҵĲ룬ҲѲ˹ϵ
ذǰȴǵ֪Ҳ֪飬Һؼ֮ЩţȻûκκĿܡ
ᵽΪذƭֻɵóۣؼұ˽͸۹ĸǸֻΪô򵥡
Ҳɵӣ֪ҰĲ͸۹ѡԷҪ߸ҡ
ԣҲҺ鲢ûκιϵֻȻˣǰ޴˼ҵѾ쵽ˣȴûκβаԼҵ
޴ĻңҲֻһ;
ԭؼ֮ȥһ˵ļƻҲʹˡ
ؼңᲢû޼ɹȴͳ˻ȥȻǰĽҳǡ
޼ɹʥۼڻһࡣ
ΪȫʩչֻʱִܵĽҳǡ
۷ǿʵǰھ磬ΪǷ˲ֹһ
ȥʱȥҲ죬ȫüϡ
뿪ĽҳѾһʱ䣬ҲʮԶĽҳǵ
ҰǷû⣬ڵΪҰã̲ס֣żְսԶٲãҪ뿪ҰҲס
οҰ˿̴޼ɹһһйעֻҪҰ춯ǵһʱᷢ֡
ԣȻ赣Ұ
·ȴû˿ƣ֮ɫȻȫںϣںϺȫ쳣ǿ
֣ᷢȫµȻһԭûں֮ǰ໥ƺ⣬˭Ҳκβ˭ֳһ־ưƽ⡣
֮УҲʹʵ½˼֡
񣬰ںϣ᲻úķѾȶ෴ģںϻƺӦĳ໥ֲγһСѭϢԶʧ
ȻֲҲһ޶ȣʧ٣ֲ١
һʵ൱ǿ߽֣ĵȻ쳣ӴศɵĶѭֻһС䣬˲佫ʧָ
ܹϢѭ˵Ƭ½޵УҪҵһܹˣǱǷëǰĴڡ
ȻҲ̫̰ĵˣķѾϲԽĸ·Լڵû˿ʧЩ
仰˵ƽشһطûڵǻ᲻ϵسɳֻȴʮֻʤޣνٳɶ࣬ɳ
ҲǲСһ
ȫ·Ȼ˵ʲôҲԸİˡ
Ͼһˣ˿ظһַζ֪
ڣڵڶ磬ԶԶѾĽҳǵһǡ
һϲȫ߷ٶһɣգ۵ĹѾĽҳС
ҲܳЩسǵʿֱ˹ȥ
ЩʿΪߣֻһǿӹɻع۲£ûзκβ֮֮󣬱ٴλصԼĸλ֮ϡ
ᳵ·Ե⣬е˼ԽŨֻǣ漴㷢һ㲻ͬѰա
üͷ΢΢һ漴žԵ֮ȥһ̤Եһ۱㿴˴룬վһٻӰ
ٻӰޱϤᣬȻһ۱ϳٻӰʮֹ
ֻǣڿΧ֮ɫ΢΢һ


319 
֮ʱѾϢϴ˿˵Ŀⶼڴ룬Ҳûע⵽ĵ
ǰޱ˼ٻӰвһᣬֻǺܿʰ顣
ΪֳȻЩԾ
վȺ֮У̧۴ļˣվŵʮϢ֮ΪЩмһΧС
ԣһһվӣ磬ǻ
ĸ֪Ȼ˵ΪʮҪǿϲ٣Ҳŵ֮Ϊ
ϢɼΪȷʵտ
ǰŴ˹ӸһˣΪȴǲߣΧʮҪϲ١
ɫЩף˫۸ףŲЩ鸡һ֪ǸӱͿ˵ĹӸ硣
ȻԪ½ͷҲҵӲϲżҴҵֺС
ֻԭĵ˵㡣
û뵽쾹Ȼһ
ʱṫһ˫ɫԵ۲ɨţɫ΢΢һ
Щؿˣ漴˵ӣòͣҾԵԵӭһ뿪һȥ
󵨣һССľԵ˶Թ̬ȡǳһü۵ԣͦţվŭȳ
ǳȻҲǱ̬ⷬȸŭȻûһǰǳ⣬Ҳû
ʱվվ˳ЩߣᵹҲûƽֻҪʱ䣬Ҳǻżָһ
ѾǵǸһԼˣ⼸ΪѴﵽ۷壬ֻһͻƵ֮
ʵ⵹˵̫޶ۣЩڰټľԵ
žԵķţȻĹͷԣȴҲæýͷöЩԣҲѧϰ˲٣Ѿܹһˡ
ҲΪΪŻ࣬ȻǰҲǸٵ鵤ҩһټԵЭĻǴ˿ΪҲǵ֮ˡ
ԴˣǺ⣬෴ЩԵҲǷ֣ڹټľԵоȤ
ͷҲǴԵչ֮죬ҲŲСİ
һҲһ龭̵ӡ
̷츳ҲûǿŬƽջǻʱʱһѣ¡
ҲЩʣѾǵǸһΨΨŵŵӣǰЩʵмҪǿϲٵˣɫû˿ңһеǰĿЩɨһۣ漴Ϊ׵ϣ˵Ҳ˭ҾԵĶǿˣҾԵԵһӭ˴ҵģҾԵҲʲô֮ˣؼλӦһЩϢôһЩ۵ļһԼݱŴҾԵ󣬵³Ҳ˵ΧӦҲжţһϣҽѣҪֽˡ
ʲôҲ˵ղǷĪвң˼ԼͲһͨ磬Ȼˡ
ǰСУԶԣΪһǸŮ䱳ף˾ܲˬҲû
ǰ˾Ȼҳвѵһ̲˲ɣ
ⲻвҾԵ⣬Ȼǻ¸λѹˣⷬѶѣܹǿǣλѾҾԵķ񲻺ãҿѽڱһȫ⣬㿴ɺã˵Ҳŭһƽ˵
֪ȴǰһ̬ȵǾԵˣʱţЦ˵ҲУҪǶҺһֻҪһǰҲ֮£ұա
˵꣬ĿͶһ˿ȡ
˻һֱûб仯ı΢΢һ˿䶯ֻüͷһɫ
ǲϢˣǴˣ˵
ΣƵ۹ǳҵģһССƽҲſŲһ£ձ㽫Եˣ۾Ц˵
üͷøû뵽ǰ˾ȻǻˣȻܵѬգȻҲѻ̫£ԵͻҺҲв֪һǲԼǱ㿴˿
Ҳü΢΢һ̶ٴγ˵ԭǻˣֻΪȴʶ
ߣͦˣҼҹĴӣƽܹ֪ģӿ㣬źһ㲻ʶ̧٣˹ӣԵûܱסǰٴν˵
ǳһЦؿѾٻϼӵǰε龰
ųһģ˵񣬵ûŪ֮ʱҲֱӷ
ʵҾԵ⣬һط㼴үĹӣƾʲôҾԵʲô˸ȨӿɱˣԵ֮пҲŻҵһݣű¶ȻҷȰӻǾ뿪ݹҲ˻档
ãããû뵽ִ֣Ȼ㲻ԸͷǿɱִݻӿĸԹ˳ӣպ彫λң˵ҷӵ㲻ʶ̧٣Ǿͱĺݡ
˵⣬һҰҾ¥ˣղвҵ˶֫ȥιֻ׽ĪҿҪúź򱾹ӡ
ӵһĲɴŭ漴һƬһȣʱһ˴˷ӿ˽ȴԵʮˣ֮Ϊ
ЩҲһĹ֮Ȼ߱İȫ
ߣһЩѣ࣬ҶɱˡӿһȺˣ¶һ˿мɫ漴ƫͷһӣԸ
ǺԣǹӦһ漴һչֵһš
˵Ϣ֮ǿҲЩһ㶣ȴҲû뵽Щ֮оȻִڡ
ȻԵʵȻµ֣˿̴֮ȴûܹԸˣȻ϶Żǰȥ֪ͨҸ֧Ԯǰ˵ļƣǲˡ
˼Բ֮ʱȺ֮Уһ
ҪһһΣЩ˾ͱվ뿪ˡ


320 һ
ͻʱ˵Ŀ⼯еϡ
ŭȴ־ϲ漴Ⱥзɿɨš
ܿ㽫ĿǰǵӰϣżӨ⣬ǰճ˵Ҫ˾ԵûйκϵĲ
ܹ֮Ů仯֮ģҲֻһ˶ѡ
˵ĲǱˣȻǰոոϵԵᣬ֮ǰվȺ֮˫̸֮Ҳ˽ࡣ
ǰûֱվҲ뿴ҪδңȷʵûʧղӦʮֵ壬ԣϤ޷ͼǰǸԼϵһ
ЩѾɳܹһľ磬ʮ⡣
ճҪ˾Ե󣬲Ҷ֮ʱȻܼվһߡ
˿̣һߣһĿضճ꣬ûһϵƱһ֡
ԵĴѾһɱϢΧһЩΧҲǱɢϢ壬һʱ໥²ǰͻȻֵ˭
վǳ֣ɢϢһѹɫһ䣬˶һۣ岻Լͬسǰһǳ굲
ǳ걾ǸӵܣΪƽƽܵẬŭɢϢһʼҲǱŵЩ˵ԭѾЩ԰׵ɫǺѪɫ
ڴ˿ǰ棬ʱѹԼ
ǰǱв²ɴŭݣֻвˣ˸в
úóͽǰЩˣԺкƵ۹㣬뵽⣬ƺǸղչֳϢԶԶǣʱɫһĿޱŭȵʲôˣвӣ࣬ǬҶ֣ȫɱˡ
ڳǰԣ¿Цѡ
˿ȻǰͻȻֵϵƵ£Ҳֻǵ¶ѣ˿Ǹֲ˿顣
ʮǰΪ֮ߣʵ֮ǿѾܶԸ˵ˣһˣȺ˶Ҫˡ
Ȼ룬ȴҲû̫⣬ϾСȻǸѧŧݰǣƵ۹ܹ˻ҴڵˣһָͷĹ
ԣǰ˲ǣĶǳ֡
ǳչӼ˻֣ɴŭȵվʲô֣
ǿֳһ˿ִЩ˵ӣǸ֣Ʊ㲻ҺǬԵֵ˵ġ
ʲôǶԸˣչԣһ㶣漴ǳ˵ƽնǡ
£ǳչǻ˽ԼĴĿ俴ᣬɫȻ˵ӳɣǺˣΪԵ޹ʶҵļ֣ʶĿס֣ұһأִԲ򣬵ʱټƵ۹֮
һ˵ơ
˿ΧΧҲһЩϳᣬϾھԵҲ¶棬һʮǿߵڳƺΪ֮ʱĽҳڶ˵ľ̾
ЩѾϳݣȴҲûд㿪ǳɣһǳǲʶòͣѶ
ҪǿΪǿ˶ֽѵǡ
ȻǻˣҲǲͣϾжʮǿ߻ˣܹ͵ȥ붼֪
ݽǲִЩСôȥ֣
ɴܣ꣬
˳չӵĻ᲻Ҳˣѵǰһﻹûʽʲôӹǲݰһ
ӣЦЦʵ
ôˣȻ¾͸ʵ㣬Ҳ絽֮УұضΪҸҲıһݲ¡ԣΪǱԼţӶˣϲ¶һĨЦݣ˵
üͷһ壬ҲݰӼ̸ȥ˵Ҳúŧ̸֣ҹԵ󣬷Ҷ֣ɾûôˡ
㡭ңһ㶣̶ŭЦ˵ҿǻòͷˣΪмֱ£ܹţҪɱ㲻һ仰ѡ
ž
ȳ˵֮꣬бһĶ⣬ȥǿޱȵĺӡɶһ
ԭڸոգᾹǳϵظ˳һǶ⡣
£˿ɶЩˣȻɲѧôҲһӣˡᾹȻڴ֮ͥ£һǶ⣬ⲻǵȻҵ

һµ뷨
ȻҲãֱϴʹžѹЩʹգɱʮĿޱԹŭȵɱɱҴ򱾹ӵҪʬΣ
ǬЩΪѣԼ裬ĵһʱҲֻӲͷƤ֡
˶֣һҲ䶯֣һ˲ʧ˵֮С
ܿȺУǲϴһҽС
ֻΧߵĻһ£һ߹һҽ졣
ҲǼʱ䣬Ӱ³ԭȵλ֮ϡ
ǣԭվǳԵʮûһܹվŵģڵϣɫŤҽ˷
Ǭ֣⵽ϮȻЩһҽ
Ǵ˿ɫǲÿǸһĨ۵ѪɫȻվţǲϲѾ֤˲ǿ֮ĩûٶκ˶֡
龰˽ǵһ
úݵֶΣᵱ£ֻ֣գ۵Ĺ㳹ʧȥսΪɲ⡣
ǳۼԼ˾Ȼһ˲ͱȫŵʱܵһ˿־壬ĿЩֵᣬ漴ɫغ㡭㾹ȻҶ֣֪ӣҳ֣ǲŹģ
ߣ˵ЩϻЩʲôҲ֪һ᲻ŹңҲŹ㣡
˵ţڶգۼڳǰҲĶ⣬ֱӽߴͷתһֽһŴ˳ȥ
漴ھԵĴſڣģǱ
Ỻɨŵһۣ˵ߣҲ뿴ͬʱתǷһ仰ѩҵķϣҾͲƽϣ´ңϴɾӵš
Ǭʶֶ֮ﻹٶ˵һ䣬æǿ壬ؼɣɿʧȺ֮С


321 ñطջ
ûʲôֿƣΧΧҲ漴뿪һ֣ȻҲû˼ò͵顣
ԴˣʱҲչֳ⼸ĳɫ˲úɣʮֿڶʳ͵˸ǸһԵóһȯַΧʳͣƷ´˾ԵĿˣƾеĲȯܰŻݣÿḽһݾԵıǸ⡣
ȻҪǣп˵ĳԺһѡ
һֶιȻԭЩ˵ڶʳ¶һ˿ЦݣЩ͸ǰͦ˵һжǳɵĴ;Ե޹أ»ػˡ
ԴˣЦӭˣʮֿؽЩһ͵档
һԿţǶİֶʮ⣬ھʵᲢУջλãȻ޷Բɼȷʵھ̷ŲС
Ŀ⣬һԵҲЦ˵ǲǺܾȣ
ȷʵǰֲҲŻʱӦһ£ҵıǴһͬҲҪ顣
ЩĳɳҿһģͷԴ˼磬ԵýҲ磬žԵնȻɳø졣ǳЦ˵
ͬص˵ͷ漴һЦĿתţ˵˵θġ
ʲôÿģһȥǿһʱ䣬һΪ㽫أûᣬһһʱ䣬Ҳ΢Щŭ˵
ѵ¶Ƥģͷһȣһߵ裬˵ҲȲѣˣҲϵղ˭Ҳ㰡
شţźϴ֮ʶ˼£ûҲεؽܣȴһƬ糺졣
ĽͣȴҲûұǸʶŮӣԴ֪֪֮ԼΨһĵ˶ȻҪԼΨһֻڱĬĬ֧鷳뷨
һ£漴ǰ˵Ļüͷ΢΢һ壬̶ʵôλ˻Ҫ𣿡
ԣ̾˿Щε˵˵Ȱ鴦ˣһں˵
Ǻã·ЩңҲǸ˲·ȥϢһ°ɣһ㡣ǰ죬Ƕˮһͻݵһ㡣
Ȼ·ΪȻκӰ죬Ҳûз˼ЦЦ漴㾶ֱԺķ䡣
룬һȾӣ΢׶ȻڵʱԾÿնɨӡ
΢΢һЦһԣһԵĲˮ
һĹҲ漴˽
ٶ֮죬ȻҲûʲô⣬Ͼǰֻ˵·ʣһнܽ
վԼǰ˶ͷԽȣ漴ȵĿУѾһǰֽ漴Ĵ֮ϡ
ԭҪ˵ֻͻȻһŨҵϢıǼ⣬˵ЩʲôǷ۵촽ȴǱضס
ֻüһءϸ΢漴㱻ɿذһֻ׵ᡣ
ܿ죬˱㳹ʧڻȵ֮УԭҪ˵ĻҲתһѹֵ
ɫ糺죬Ŀ룬´һԵĳܿͳʧǣֻܱܵӭᡣ
һ˽ӹһ˵ĳϮ֮ԷֱõŮ˴˶ﵽƸߵ㡣
һͺͿܵǽƽϢ
֮˿ֻʣЪ֮ĴϢ
ͷɢңɫƣ֮ȴǴһ˿ߵգȴһƬů
˿̣ع˳¶棬Լ毺õǰһţӨļ滹żĺۼһ죬ЩɬӽԼȫ˽ȥֻ¶һСԴ档
õľٶǾúЦҲûȥֹ
Цݣһֵۣ˵㣬ľȻ˻ƣôȥˡ
֮У漴һͻ⣬Ц˵ʲôֲǲ֪ǵĹϵ˵ֿһ꣬ѵ𣿡
ĶŪԭѾƽٴЩɧƽ⣬һֱ侲Ը񣬵ΩᣬȴǺް취ҪֵܿĴ֣ԽŤǹȴԽŨء
飬ɫɲͣԼİŮӣﻹǵסһͺ漴ӱѹȥܿոհһӣٴδӿ
֮󣬵һٴλָƽ֮Ѿֻﴭǰ˵ɽÿһ紭ϢҸš
׳ԼİȻԵסջ󣬵ָûУҲʮϧֻǿѹеĳ嶯رƣ
Ҳ֪˶ãǻָ˵ϲ۲˼£ʾеĲǶȴĵȴġ
һ̲ס͵
Ҷֻ̲סġЩЦץӨ˵
ĻЩ£Ǹܵһ֮ƺ̧ͷļ󣬶ʱܾͬС¹ӽţҶ
⸱ɰʳָ󶯡
ʱͻȻ̧ͷᣬʵˣʹ㻹ûǰҪ˵أ
һʣһ㶣漴ԶʥأܰеһҲȥ
˼磬һ˲ı仯ȻҲ˲ԼǷ񴺹էйؿỳУ˵㲻Ը˵Ǿͱ˵ˣֻҪ㿪ĵؾͺãһжҪġ
дǸжܿ飬漴ؽܰһ渵
ὲ˺ϸǰܰʼܰΪ˾ϧʥڣٵܰĴһеһУᶼޱ˵˳
;ֻǾţûκβ廰
ֱ˵꣬Щ죬֮󷽲ĵ̾˿Ϊϧ˵ܰΪ㣬ѣȥȴӦֻϣܰü࣬ƽ¾ͺá
ƽ⣬Ψһֻؽ䱧ڻУʮֽǲƬ̵ܰ


322 ʥ
ھԵʱ䣬뿪ˡ
ʱ̣ܶԼõѾԶȻܵ飬֪أҲûСŮֻ̬СģĽҳиŮڵ
һȴһģ޲ýݺݵӵ뻳Уǡ
ͷ˿ĽҳǵķĿ͸һĨᣬ漴һ࣬ͷҲصسԼõĵطжȥ
ֻʱ䣬Ѿ۹Ƶ۹Ľ紦һɽ֮ϡ
޼ɹеİţܿˡ
˴γֻˣһʮϤ죬һ֮ǰйν̸ɡ
ʵ۷壬ȻԶ裬ǸոսǶǶ֣ȴҲܺ˵
һһ˽۷ǿߣƬ½߶û⡣
Ȼ˽˼֮ˣȻŵľٶ
һҲû˵ʲôĴ֮£ܿɽ
ļ򵥽ܣҲ֪ʥصĴλáҲǴ壬Ϊ˵ʥصʵƬ½κһǣǴһƬԶĿռ䣬Ƭɽʥصһӵˡ
ҪʥأΨͨӵ㷽ſԣܹӵֻʥصĵӣҲһӶֻ֪ʥһЩݽϸߵĳִ·֪Ȼ֮ǰܰΪʥصʥ̳ˣȻҲ֪
һĵ֮У֪ӵ㿪һ˫Ĺ֮ΪȷʥصԺͰȫԡ
Ͼʥصҩ֮˫ǵҲܺ࿹⣬ԵʥصҲ͵ͬڶ֮õ㣬ҲЩһĶ֡
ΪʥصİȣⷽȻҪøΡ
Ϊտһ·ȻҪϢֻһĹɽһϿ档
ɻҪκʥصϵǡʱһӰԶɿ
Ƭ֮󣬱䵽ǰ
һ׵ҩؿӡʥضеĻ£ɢ˿˿Ϣһ֤ǰ˵ݡ
һͲʮŮӣ㣬̬ȣһΪ۷壬ûбֳκɫǲԵص˵ÿ޼ɹĹͣ
ԣ˵ǣϷ裬˴Ӧǰμᡣ
ԭ蹬ǰʧˣʹλǰȥʥأλԺ򡣡Ůƽȵ˵
ῴʥظǸ߿˼֡
ܿͱеңҪѯǽŮӹܰ飬û˵ڡ
ҲǷһ۱飬ļ򣬵˵ѾˣҪܿͻ֪ġ
ԣ˿漴ص˵ͷ
ָЦЦ漴Ů˵һ˱ĴϿеһľĺԱߡ
տһҲЩɻ󣬶ʱֳ̧Ȼ˼ƣ㿴һָ֮зͶ档
תۣԭƽĺͻȻһ˿ԽԽֱ󣬺ˮȻ˼شм˿
һεĴǽˮмһȻߡ
źˮʧ¶һֻ̨̨һȦ뾶ҵԲȦԲȦ֮п̻鿴ɬš
ʱתͷ˵˵蹬Լλ
Ҳѯʣ˵ͷ㾶ֱȥ
Ȼûκο֮ͨ·ȻҲѲˡ
ֻһһ˲˰ȻԲȦ֮С
˵룬˫ٴαȻһƣԲȦΧʼһĵ⣬̼㽫˰УȻҲκζһȻʧ֮ͬʱĻһˡ
ʧ֮ԭָĺˮٴηɿϵһ
ֻǰһƬģĸоҲ벻һ˲ŷԼѾһƬռ֮С
Ĵ֮£ûһѾʥصڣһӵľ޴
⽨ʽеϵĹŴʹһ㡣
Ȼʥûʹǰ㸻ûʣȴǶһ˿Ϣһ˼ɾ
δ̤棬ѾܹܵĴƮɢһŨĴϢϢ֮Щҩζ
ʥزҩʦʥأϢ㲻ܱȼģǵȻҲǲΨһݵĳ֮
һ߹۲ʥصľɫ֮ʱѾʥصĴ֮С
һһ̧۱㿴֮վŲʮˣЩϵϢжϵóЩʵεҲҩʦмӵҩʦ
һ㣬軳ɣһʥأŶҩʦϡ棬ҲǴϸܵƵϢҩʦеϢ·ҵȫͬ
ʮǰ֮ϣǾһŮӡ
ŮӿȥʮҲʮͷòݰףüĿ㣬Ƿŵعâһصİ׷ΣȴǡôسгŮƮϢ
ŮȻյ㱨Զ˵Ҳȣ΢΢¶һĨƵЦݣЩ䣬˵蹬ԶԵãѩ
һ꣬ѩӷɣĳĽúܰĿ͸һ˿ɫ漴Ц˵
ȻҲǰò񻰵˾ȻԼıϵͬһʵҲЩ죬Ůӱʥصʥѩӣ
Ȼ鴫ݴݵŵĳʣȷʵҲǵӵ
漴뵽ǰŮӱܰʦ
һ̣жܰİΣǿҵԸҪ֪
ôĥȻͬһ㣬һǿҵĳ嶯һ˲ͱѹȥ
˼ת֮ʱǱߵѾѩӿ˼䡣
Ҳǲ˼ʱͻȻװ֪ؿʵˣΪβܰѾͷǵÿʥأѾͷܻһʱϷѯⲻĶӵ飬ȴûЩϡ档
ĻѩʮɫǲȻر˱䡣
迪֮ʣȻعĿעѩˡ
ѩһŵĲȻ֮ʱ΢΢һףȻӦˡ
ܰȻΪԵʶʥ𷣡
ѩϵıֻһ˲ѾָǺԵʣҲûֻε̾˿˵˵ЩʵʦŲңܰǰһɽȴǷ˴ڼǰѾʥصĵˡ
һĶʱȥ


323 
ϵı仯΢΢̾˿漴ʵŶҺѾͷй֮Եԣӿɷϸ˵£ȻѴ͵ĳûʡ
ڴϵѩҲЩ¾Ȼ˹ģҪ֪ƾĽӴ֪ǰλ޼ɹƶߵƢԣôȥںʥصһӣ
ǵĵǽ䵱ʥȻûдﵽ㹻ĵز
ѩɨһۣĿͶվᣬ̶Ŀһ˿ɫ
֪ΪΣʱ᷺ܻһϤĸо
ȻϤĸо˵ѩʶᣬȻʮǰҲǼ棬ʱǸʮĺͯȻ̸ʶ
ѩоϤǴɢһϢ
Ȼصúܺãϸ޷ǰӵκϢͨûв
ΪŸѩɻֻǣҲ벻ףѩҲֻýһĨɻͷ
룬ѩ΢΢̾˿˵ʥغ޼ɹȻأȴҲǲܸ蹬ʵͽͿ֮ǰɽһˣȴû뵽ʥص֮תˣݺѾͷͬеĵӻرѾͷƺһˣҺӹϵУѾͷǱӻɱΣŻ᷸˴󡣡
ѩĻһֻȴǲÿڣĿǰȷʵʡ
Ȼ֪ѩеǸӱԼԵᣬȻ޼ɹĹҲĸףʱûж룬ѡվߡ
ѩ˵ѾٿˣϾһѩɡ
Ҳһ㣬ǰһѩ˹֣Ե˵ʥ֪ܰںôһҿнʮûмˣȻ飬Ҷܰ˽⣬л᲻飿
ԭ޼ɹٹ겻һ˲ţӣΪȷʵ蹬˸öӰ
ߣʲôöӣҲô
ѩ˵֮ʣһ漴
⻰һ㶣ǲΪԷ˵ԼеΪ벻Ȼ˸ʥصĵطҵѩǰǵӡ
ǵ߽Ӱῴ˵֮漴ҲȻˡ
ĲǱˣһһˡ
ҲǱˣȻֻˣȴʶġ
Ϊ׵Ȼ˵ӲУĵǧɽղǾ仰ǳڡ
½ϣڲѩģҲֻǧɽһˡ
ǧɽҲΪҪԼԸܵǰ߿Ŀżֲɻ󲻽⡣
ʱһƤӰȴһӴ˳漴ǧɽĸ첲ԴؽףʲôҲûǵ㣬ô˵
ûǵңǵ㣬Ҳ˵䣬ˣǸûõŮǧɽ֮ҡûƢһʮֲˬر顣
ߣҲ˵ˣȥˣ
ͻȻܳӰҲ΢΢һ㶣漴¶һĨЦٽϸղ˵̸ҲǧɽΪλ˶
ЦܹӰҡҡͷ˵ôҲˣǰЩ㱻ٻҲ㷢ʲô顣
ߺߣ㻹һȥһƽҪæžԵ飬һ˴̫ģңȻͻȥһˡɰСӣŲ˵
ԣЦЦԽԽŮԻСѾͷҲʮοԭ˶ʮˣԼݣݵǶˡ
ּˡ
˵ʱһԣ΢΢һЦ΢۲˵֮ˣ漴˵ͷ˵ԭ㣬ӣ⼸ĽҲǲСпտдһ
˱ĸ壬ļνӴҲЩĺøУôǸֵһ֮ˣ֮лһϵȻ̬ҲʮѺá
ٺ٣⣬һμ棬ʵǱˣɲûãһﾹȻͳˣԽԽԶҿǺܲģκòͻƣȻҪúñȻȻĿ͸һĨţΪ˷ܵ˵
ģݷѾᱻ仨ˮˡ
ӣᵹҲȥᣬ룬㳯ǧɽ˹ȥ
ǴʲôǶ˵ǧɽҲĳں֮ĹϵЩ岻֮ȻҲҪǰݼһ
ǧɽǰ΢΢һЦ˵Ƶһ𣬱
ߣСӣԭҼʵ˰֮ķָ£ȴû뵽㾹ȻĶӣҶˡǧɽһ˵
Ȼ˵ԵɣֻܵЦ˵ƵͼҸǵһǿߣܵõƵָ㣬ңôǶһ١
˵㾹ȻƤ°ҵŮˣҿɲôˡǧɽһתͻȻ˵
һԵǧɽ˵˲Ŀһ죬ض˶ţǰŭ˵ף˵ЩʲôҺ˵ֹϵٺ˵ҾͲˡ
ǧɽһ֪ΪǺ߶Ǻ룬漴̾˿˵˰ˣԺ˵̸µģЩСʱȷŷš
ͷô겻㻹ԡǰһĻ
ȻֻǶ̶̼仰ȴҲǿЩߣɨ˼ۣ漴¶һĨ΢ɲЦ⡣
ǧɽ˽ͷɴŭͷһ裬Щ˵ϼһ˵ʲôǲûҪһ
ͷһˣôǿʤôСڳѵҪǿЦҡҡͷ˵
ǧɽԣ漴ΧˣҲǸɴر졣
ѩˣʱҲվǰǰ˵ˣ˰ǰ·䣬Ȼ̸
ϢԺ˵ǰӵ鱨촦ǻǱʱóһ꾡ķʱ˵
һԵǧɽһ£ɫҲǱĻҲûȥصͷͬЩһĲЩ꾹ȻƤ²ôãδ֣Щһܲ򵥡
վں棬˵̸ȴһɻ


324 
̸£˵ɫ֮Уһεѹ֮ѹϡ
Ϊѹ֮иеЩơ
֪˶ãǧɽǻعͻȻһ̾ͷЩãȻˣ룬̶ҡͷ˵µҲûбҪˡ
һ㶣漴Ŀ˸Ƭ̣˵˵ĲЩһĶֻٹҲ¶ţʱסڱǣҲЩ׼ԷʱЩ˶ֲ
ȻǾˣǾɣδǵ£ҲֻǳɳǰΪɨһЩϰѡѩԣ˵
˵̸еɻŨû˼Ѿ˵ǼɣЩҲǸ֪ˡ
һۣȻⷬʵǶ˵ģϾֻ˵ݽˡ
ҲǿϣǧɽĵȻûʸ
δЩ඼˼ϸ֮Ȼǰ鲢֪Թ˸񣬱뿪˴
ʱѩЩʥصĳִҲȻȥ
ܿ죬֮бֻʣˡ
ǧɽһۣ赭̾˿ɫ˵жȻʮɻΪһͻȻľһ𣬶𣿡
ָŮ֮ԸǱüΪöǰǴգǰﻵˣȻ˵԰壬˵ʲôҿȫ㲻ء
һԵȻû˵ɻıȻҲ֤ʵĻ
֪ǰԼĶŲ岻ĹϵúöһҲǽеʮֻϲǧɽԼŮһƺǼΪǱݷԼıͷһ㣬Ҫѿжѿ
һԵῴǧɽ⸱飬Щ۾ȴǴδ߸ϵȻһ棬ǻǵõһμǧɽ֮ʱͷӿһŭɲģǶǰװġ
ݷ³룬ɶ˼ۣ˵ܾȰɣԺͻϰͷӵƢˣٺ١
ûἸ˵С΢΢һЦ˵ʵȥǣǧĶԹǼҲֻǴӸŵļвĵ֪ġ
ɻûУһֱǾйϵ޼ɹǰȻǣǧɽ˵ӣòƲǴ˵ǰˮݣȻ˴֮Щ໥˳ۣôһʶѡ
˵ʵǰ޼ɹԼʥأԪ½һ壬ʱϲûж֪ǵĴڡ
̸ҵʷɫ࣬۾ţһЩǴδ˵ġ
ȻǶһʮֺ档
ʱǧɽ̵ܲ˿ӣֱӽӻʱ֮⣬һʵǣʱļȻδʵȴǵǿĴҡ
бǸǿڣȻˣΪδ˵һϢѵĳ䣬۾ʵ
˼磬ԶԶҪԶö࣬˿ǧɽⷬµЩʵĪҾ׺Ǹйϵ
ǧɽ˼άת֮죬Ҳһ˿֮ɫ漴ͷӦȷʵйأʱȻĴҲƵǿȴΪҵ汲ԭ򣬶ʱĻƼʵԪ½һңһҶ޷࿹⡣
Ͻ¶𾪵ɫ
˭Ҳû뵽ǰȻб޼ɹǿڡ
Ϊǿķչȴ֪ѵ
Ļȴӡ֤롣
Ǽ˸ոյ֪һеʱҲ𾪺Ͳţȴʵֻ֪֮ƼҴڵԭȴΪƼɴڱ״̬ǰһƽ٣Ĵ嶼УʱΪ棬ҵȷһӣֵֹͬƼҵ
ôƼҰˣ׷ʵ
ǧɽʱͻȻ̾˿¶һĨ𾪵ɫ˵ǰˣֻƼȻˣҲԪˣе߳ɵ˵ˣҵֱ˴롣
˻
ԣҲ̲סһ
ǻƼҾʲô·Ȼܹһ֮ͬʱӭսңȻˣȴҲ
ȿֲʵûʧܣķչһοֲĴڡ
е𾪸ǲᡣ
˵ķӦҲû֣֪һеʱ򣬴Ҳǲɡ
ҲΪһκƽ٣ŻƼұ֮ѡߵ£Ҵ˲ŽԼ壬ԸԵķչʱ䣬Ҳͳ޼ɹҡ
£˵ʱʥѡ˳緢չⱾǵǿĳʥص˵ǵ½һҲΪ
ѩҲ΢΢һЦûзȻ˵ʮš
Ҳȷʵʵǫ顣
ȻƼѾ𣬵ҵȱڻƼҵǿȴ£ʱ̾͹ע½µƼӵٴγ֣˺ǧɽ˵
˵㣬˵ȱĵģʱ䣬ԭǶΪƼѾٳ֣ʵȴǡǡ෴ʮǰƼҵŹٴγˣʱȴǱҼʱ֣ȫ𣬵ǻƼȷʵǿ󣬾ʵǰƴɵӲ֮˳ȥ
Ǵ˵ĻУ˽˵
ԴʮǰƼһ֮󣬱㳹ЩȻ޼ɹȫע½ȴûҵƼҵһ˿
ԭҲǽиһʱ䣬޼ɹǷ˴½ĵһ˿쳣Ӷҵע⣬һϵй۲죬ڷһ˿⡣
ЩּǱֳ͵ĻƼϵҲѹ޼ɹҪףζԸƼҡ
Ͼ޼ɹ֮¶ʼǿĻƼңʵǿ󣬸ɡ
ˣ֮һʥܹṩֵҩĸ
ǿңŴ½֮ûκһܹܵסȻǸƼ֮⡣


325 
ǧɽĿУҲǴµ֪һЩƼҵ顣
ǰһƽ٣ʵ׻ΪƼԵɡ
ҸԵļأʱƼҺҶ壬Ѱ˵ȸͲ֪ļҵĴڡ
ȳеǻƼңƼһķҸԵļأһϵҲֻضϰ꣬һϵıǻƼ֮ˡ
仰˵Ƽұͬ޼ɹһǰ֮һķš
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һСӰʱʮֺشΧ漴ͦεӰ˵磬ʲôʲôûС
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΢΢̾˿ε˵ˣʵ㣬˵ģҪңһɲҪ֪𣿡
һĿ΢΢һ漴Դᣬ̶˵ˣǲŮˣ
ͷʱһ亹뵽Ѿͷ˼û뵽ֱôѵŮ˵ԡ
ķӦѾȷԼ²û죬˵ðĽҳǹ㣬㵹ãһط͵ŮˣҵҪǸŮߵȻ㶼Ȳϡ
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СԴο˼䣬˵ѾܰŶɽұȥҪʱɱҡ
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ҪǣΪ֮⣬ԥľı仯ܰھȴ˼ԺĪĺô
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ܿ㽫ѹУΪǰʽ룬óһХ˵˵˶֮С


332 ƽϢ
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