==========================================================================================
վС˵Уȫ-Уȫ-У޴TXTС˵أhttp://www.freexiaoshuo.com/
==========================================================================================
ۡ
ߣ

ݼ飺
լҽձϷʱ򣬴ԽʱգݴҶϼƽӹҶҴٵϡ
Խ֮ҶȴȻԼʶз֣ԼʶоȻԼϷʱԽ棡ʾԼԽ֮Ժְҵ
Խȴʮֲȱû̥ǵĵҩûо춯صķҶپٲά衣
ϵƾԼϷʱľ飬ҶҵһԼʵĹؼǾװ
û̥ǵĵҩûо춯صķʵΣܹԵװ
װκθ߽׵ؼ츳ڵҶǰͳͳֽϻ
졢졢졢ͨҿƽӹֱ΢Ҷ٣һ۷塣


һ Ƿ


001 
ҲҪһᰡ
ձ巶ߺ磬ΧӰ紩Լ·һޱ޼ʵĺڶ֮Сڽʱմһ㡣
˿Ҳˡоһʰ쵵ǿ֮һ㣬ԼĶ߼ķ죬ǰһƬ½ĻӰΧһƬµǳҵǹ⽻֯ţӾϼĳεԼͷĿѣ
ȴƫƫԼȴ޷۾Ҳ޷϶䣬ֵûˣֻܽԼƾԼǿ͵ľ־ЩöԼĳĥ
һ𣬱巸оԼƺ͸ʲôһǰʱһƬڡ
Ȼ䣬һɷ·ˮϢĸоӿ꣬ձ巷պաͣͷеβĿĳֵ֮£ѹһٽ㡣
ΣĹͷܹǿģձƴȫԼ־Ѿո˴ϣһץ
оԼһŵš
ƣȫľ췢һ˻ݺһ
һձƺصŽһʹƿڴһ׹ڵˡ
ƴһ֪ݺݽ⿪˾ϵӣһɾҵӿԼɱķβǺҿȻ˹ȥ
֪˯˶ãԼоԼָĴ
˶ָϸܣһƬʯڡ
һôΪʲôΧһƬڣ
巻Ϲһ㣬ºΧȻоһȵĶ
˹ǸͲģĹӣš˸֮һƺĻ
ȻǸӡ
˻ɢ΢ĻһգԱ߰ڷһյ͵ƣæӵȼˡҡ
ʯںܿŹ⻬ӲİҶʯשԱߵĴĽë̺ȴûдֻвԶϿһߴССԼɼǹ⡣
ƵطԷֲԷηֲη⾿Ǹʲôط
جҲǡ³Ϸ͡ôձ巸оһ㱣ԼĶͷãȻĹһΧ»
ԭҹʱְ˯һɡ
ƲƲ죬Щʹĺֿ˿ŵһزµضһ¡
Ҳ٣۴ԽʹԽˣȻ벻Ŀϣ⵽Ķ
ȻЩŪڼȻֽžȫǾ˵š
Ȼţôһжںˡ
ûûεıһ׿һУ漴һͷϣȻ˯ˡ
ΧݣټҶһ㣬עʶ֮С
Ȼ䣬һԹ޵Ȼʶ֮Ʈ
û͵£
û͵£
ΪʲôҪԩҡΪʲôҪԩҡ
·һͷҰ췢ߵĿ߰㣬ʶЪ˹ر˳ž޴Թһһʶ;ʶлصϢ
һɳԹ޵ļһѸٳ
û͵ΪʲôҪҡ
˻
ձشӴɫ࣬ͷ϶亹˳ս¡
Χֱ䡣
įڰ䡣
Ա߻һʳӣһֻ໨ɵĲֻǲˮ
ΪʲôǺҹǰ죿⵽Ǹʲôط
ҡҡȻ״̬ԴΪ벻ΪʹѵĺԱ߷õĲһ˹˳Լͷ㵹һĲˮ˳ԼѸٽĲˮеزҵ˼õ˶ݵƽ
ΪʲôҪԩҡΪʲôҪԩҡ
һɾ޴ıԹٴγˮӿͷ巶ʱۿһᣬˮҪ˲
͵סԼԴڴʹس鴤
ˣĺˣԹԹг𱨳һζԹƨãų򣡰׳գƽʲôԹԺӸ㱨
ģڰ಻סףסԴŷһŭ
һ׵ŭ𣬷·ãǿѹеǹɻصݵԹ巳һվڡ
ηеĿռʮֵĴͨĳһͨͷһصţԱԼĪƴСĴУһηɢЩڰ
ˡ
ձߵʯͷӵ棬ϸɨһΧĻ
۾͸һ⣬ɨһΧ
һηʰΪɾ̸ǵıҲʪΧ̵ʯǽ浭̦ĴֵָĴդ˴̵Ǿޱ
ձ巶˶ԼоԼʶ֮з·иεĶԼ֣̾Ͷ˾
ǰȻһڣʱһƬڰ֮С
ʶһȻǰչֳһݡ
Ҷ
ְҵ
־8
19
ʣ12
ݣ10
15
սܣͨĿ5
书ȭ
ڹڹ
ְҵҽʦʦ
С£
ҵ죡ҵְҵôϷе˻Щƣ⵽ôһ£
ձ巴ؿԼһݣͨһ˵ˡ
ԼԭҽңǴ׶ҽѧҵһүүм̳һ־տҽҹձ巾ڼԼһҽĹݣƾһ־տҲСˡ
뵽ֵһԼĸְҵ֮еҽʦְҵ
ǰʵҽϷ֮кΪ׬ǮҲıɫִнҽʦ񣬸ְҵҽʦ
ҽʦܣ10Ѫɢ8ɢ8˲ҩ6˲Ԫ61010衢׳1010ϻɢ10
٣ձ巵ĺƤʱ˺죬һ䣬ԼԽҲʹԽˣôԼҽоЩȱⶼˣ
ͨۡѪܣǴӷϷиļܣĺҩȴǰҽʱѧģеĻȭڹ˵ȴԼļܣ
ǰþ
ѾձһӾӵǰϷеؼ䣬ְҵزְͬҵļܣ
תһ֮£ȻԼ괩ԽNǧ겻ײˣôԼʶеԽҲûʲôϡˡ
ϷԾϲ֮ѹ֮ձʶַصʵҶļ֮Уɫʱ
ڱѺɭη֮УоԼһ޴Σ֮УܽĻԼ϶Сסˡ
ҶҶ峤ĳӣĸΪ׵ĳޣڸӭȢ˶Ϸ֮ĸ꣬븸״һ֮漴ʧڸˣӭȢĶһֱҶҶֵܵжд̡
ǶΪȴ쳣գʮֶ㣬ԴҶҵƽԴҶֵǰ˳ֱǵСһԴֵܵķ̺͵֮³꣡˳ܰ˳磬ҶҵٶҶҵүǣߴð˴̣˳Ϊͻݺ
ƾ˭Ҳû뵽һµĶ£ȻôһЫĻġ
һ֮ǰҶҵһλҪף٣˵Ůȶǰ̽ףסҶҵĸ֮ۡС
ϣŮȶסڿͷϴ֮Ƕ¾ȻɣʱҶȻ󲨡
Ҷһ֮еļҽ쳣ɭϣȻݲֳº͸ɳֳµĺȺ֮¾ʹȫȴĪأʧԵĶǶ漴Ҷķҵˣ
¿Ƿˣѱͱһ㣬ȶûԣһ·ܻԼȥˡ
Ҷϵĸ֮ۡжʱ죬еĳǶŭء
ǷЩѰռңյ۹ɷ͵ҲǴٰӣǹѺˣҶʲôطҶǵ۹дĹңֶ۵ƫƫַϣƫƫַڴ֮ϣȥǵ۶һţ
ҶϼȻǾʦ壬೤һϵⶼпңҶĸΪ峤Ȼ˸̲ܽϵǲܱʹġ
ˣͷԴ׵Ҷٵͷˡ
ҲҶλϵͰߵķҶѺԱߵĴ֮С
ҶǾʦ֮һصľһΪһӵܸ㲻ʲôټ϶ƽʱƾҵĹϵ͸λ֮ͨϵĻѾѵķҶǧָ֮£һˡ
ԭˣݺݺձصв֪Ѿҧгݵζ
͵Ů¡٣ĹĵģôץǿҲð
巿ЦһϥǣȻŴ⡣


002 С
ʱȥˣɿռŵηУ˫ȴпǽǣذ۾Ŵڻغš
ͶһӲ԰׵ϡ
ƽĶۣ֮еʩ൱ģͨ豸ҲǳĲĵשǻʼשҤеְҶ໨שû̦޺֮ĸƷÿĻʳȻζãشĶ߽ģǱȽ̲ġ
Ψһ޷ܵľĺڰټη֮һҹֲָҲֻôƴСĴ͸һϡٵĹ߶ѣΨһܹоľѰĹ¼뽹ꡣ
Ҳ֪λȱµҶȱָöӾĳͷ
ҶԱִ֤ݲѹեĻ£ûܹ졣
ʱչѾձ巵оѾӲݰץһĽ¼š
ڴ֮ǰ⸱ˣѾ㰾˶ʮ죬һֱȻѡԾ
ձ巸ְʱ䣬ܹһ£ܰʦɹҲˡ
Ҳѹ֣巸еɾ޴Թ
ںϵʱձ巵ʶѾռڼ̳ҶмͬʱҲ̳ҶеԹ
һһεĴĥ㶼ȥˣΪȴˣ
ձ巻۾ǳ֮ͫһĨİˡ
ͦôòŹҵҲһӲˡ
į̾Ϣһǽڶ۾ڵη񷶥
ηʮѰģֺڰĻ˵ʵһִݲкͼ尾
巻ûȫӦҶݣѾоޱȵļ尾ˡ
ǺҶҽңСүүĶ£Ҳͨʮֵ٤û˴ʱϷҶÿ극֮û¾Ϳʼ٤
Ҳţʱй¼ŵļ尾ѱӦ˷ѵʱ
Ҷʱ漣ˣԭʶ֮һֱģģԽ棬Ѿܹչǰˡ
ϸλװƷĿո֮⣬ҶҵԼԽеĴ
һʼԼϵͳһٶʮĸռ֮лЩţΪЩռֻǰѡǽռнеļȡ֮Ҷʱˡ
ǽУŴڷһ֮ʵڰסֻļ尾ˣ漴ԼʶԼϵͳڵĳ
Ѫɢ60ܹٲ300ҩ
ɢ45ܹٲ300ҩ
ذףذףѪܴëϷࡣ
1ܹȡӰ񡣡
ضݷ䣨18ʹһΣܹ谭ڵ30ӣ
ʥ䣨6ǿܹɢ״ҳֵָ
Ƽףװ֮һ15־10㾫񡣡
Ҷһ漴ͰѾ־һذϣذ̳һ
ǷװƷ
ǣ
һҶѾסذףɫذϲλƣΪ
ҾȻܹȡװҶؿذףжʱӿһϲҾȻܹóװ
ҫذףԼϸһ£һѪ߳
٣
ԼʱһֱӦأһֱԼĴռĶ
룬漴ִ˳УֻרżĿռԼֳСѾһ˫ռ˰Ĵ۾Ƥ㣬ͣš
Ҷ漴һɫĹźȻзɳ֮зɿתţȭͷСɫ֮УԼɼһ͸Ӱһ˫۾
󡭡ҶοǣƤҲƵСǰѾİףȴȻû˿İУֻһһţһ
ɰ£û뵽ֻ֮£ȴֻҡҶָᵯ˵Сһ⻬ĺһ㡣
󡭡
СһСͷ˸
С£6055ӵмܣũ֮ۡ
ũۣܹ֮ʶҩġ
ôûõСأҶԲСƤ򣬲Цһ
ֻСǡ͡ͽ׵ĳ֮һΨһþܹѰҸֲҩԼ̽ĳЩֲBOSSҶϷʱΪҩ˾ֻսСĿҲֻæѰһҩģһԼҩѡ
͡еĳΪս͡͡͡
ָСϷ֮£ҶٷǵЦɣָСѰҲҩȴܹʡºܶ顣
ϷУЩͻ롢֮·ʱҶٲ׵غвһڼе죬쳣Ľ;̾ʱ˷ǡڤ֮ͨ޵׳ҲĽ졣
Ҫ㵽Щ뺷Ҫ۵ģҶ׼ȰѵȼٰǮ׬ˣ˵壬ͷСȻһͷĳ
Ǿոյõˡ˲Ѫ͡˲ҩûȵУдԽٻˡ
ڰįη֮УҶԣСţȴ˵У嵭ЩĽɥ
󡭡
һƤӰη֮зɿعȥʱʱط


003 ضݷ
õҶĳҺĬ֮Сʼ䱾طҷ裬ԭխСİη֮г˵ء
С޼ɵ˼㣬ʱʱҶĴ棬ֿҧסͷȻʨһ˦衣
ʱʱ˴⣬һѲһ乷βͻҶͷϣŪҶЦá
˵Сһ֮ҶЩˣ漴ڴһ̫ȭڵĶྫй˳ȥ
Ȼȶԭʼ붨
Ҳ֪ΪʲôҶоһ붨ʱܿ죬ܿԼɹ̶ȫ³׷˯˯ѷѵҾ״̬
ÿ־״̬´֮ҶоԼľԹС˺ܶ࣬˻Ȼһ£ڵη֮ƺҲôѰˡ
һĴָϸĲɫСźоӣεԴ棬һ˫ɺ۾Ҷ
ҶŵðһУವһ´ӵһ¾ʹڵǽλá
漴Ьһ´˹ȥһ¾ͰͷСߵԴˡ
Ҷľս˹ȥѥӲ˲Сߣʱһԭ޶Ĳ˻ߡ
󡭡СڴϲͣţǰϣЦ
СûʲôģʼүˣҶӶˡ
СҶ˴µС漴ֺ޺޵طˡ
᲻ô
˰֮ˣС϶Ǻˮ쬵һҶǵزģغ
Ҷݺݵһۣ˳Ŀ󣬵ˡա
ವһ±˳ռ֮Уѿ˴ͣһǷȻȻ˯ˡ
ֻֻǱɫһöһΪ28ضݷ䡣
һװװһûûǱˣ
ҶһΪ28ĵضݷ䣬۾һæһס˷䣬һţݣ
ϣܹضݡ
٣ǲаҶһĶͷһ
εĵĶǻҹҤİҶ໨שһɫˮ⻪羵Ӳַש߼һשشʮ
שڳҤʱͻ֮ѪҤ滹г¯ʱķӡʹשܵãڱ˵ʭ֮ηƷˣѰͷ޷ô
̵ģӲˡҶһ˺ݣ漴Ӵռ֮ȡǱذʼש϶
ذײ֮ܵƣҶشשͳһȻ˫֣סİȷؽש˳¶һӲĻĵ档
Ҷ棬漴յ֮УһԿռ֮еĵضݷ䡣
Ƿʹø÷䣿
ǣ
ŷȻбˣһƹ֣תۼͻһ޴ݸҶȫȫ
Ҷվڼʵĺϣȥɳһ㡣
һ㺻̫Ӳˣоͬںﹷһ㡣ǴԽ˺֮Ҷʱ͸о˳
ҶؿܣֻΧ·ˮһֿˣǰǰţԼ۾ȻҲ͸ز㿴ϵĳֻǸоǰ·һɫɴһ㣬Ĳ̫Զ
Ϻʵṹ֮Ѿһ࣬ɼˡ
ηĴ棬ܹأһпſش˯һڴһᴺͼ
ҶһڣȻ֮һ·˹ȥۡλø˹ȥ
Ƭ֮ҶѾηѭż䣬ԼסլԺȥ
ЩҶ峤ĸ֮ۡжȻ㲻һ죬ǸۡڵūͶѾˡ
ԼһĹĸ
ΪҶϵĳӣҶͥԺ̫󣬵̨ͤ¥󣬷ܶһӦȫΧľ׺ԵӺݴҶһüĻ̡
Ҷ˼Ȧ֮Ա߻԰ïԴˡ
ͥԺڣһװϸشɨͥԺڵĻ
Ӵĸæأ
ͬʱͥԺſڴȻɤкŰ˹꣬ϴƦ󶾵ɫ
ؿӣԼĹҲᡣ
ԱǸݵĺӺٺٹЦӴСĶɨǺǣ㻹ΪǼүܹô
˵ʲôһеĹߣʱǺӣȭͷŭǰһһӡ
ϹƦ񶾵ı飬ٺЦš
İһ׳ӺٺЦصٺٺ٣ؿɾˣҿǱҷ͵ñڼˣ㵹ǲĸǸ˵ĸˡ
ԱһݵĺҲصСǰͲ˵ģզһҿĺҲͷˡ
ģҶĸһūͣǸҶС浽İ鵱ҲĹ˼Ҫܾ
ŭƨүԩģ
үԩģ϶Ѿ϶У㰢ƨ
ǺӣڰͲסŭˣһȥӴһš
궯ݣȣȻҲģǱϾƵתۼͱ׳Ƶڵˡ
СҸӶ֣ӽͷ㣡׳˼ȭжʱһĨ塣
ԱǺݺ漴ס
ţҿ˰ɣҶ˱ڼСû˿ɽǸеʱǲԱǺݵĺص
쵰ưɣȵү֮ôʰǣ׵ѵ֧ݺһڡ
ڵµҶһĻжʱһů
ҶӺð˳һ£תˣһЦҶʱһ漴ϲصүˣ
ģηһţӳģһһûȥҶ漴ס
үܿˡȦһ죬
ˣһûأҶ侲صҪңûôףģҵ⼸ڸʲô
ĵȦˣǾͺãүү⼸һֱԼڷأȥү˳үһֱڿޡ
Ҷģǳ˵ɣҵѾָˣгϸûãҲֻܾˣ
үôԸСľô죡ϷȻ֮ɫҧصʵڲУСȥһ˿ӳҶ
ģ嶯ҪܵĻˣҶжҶ侲صôˣҾĻˣģ˵ȥȥ
յĵĶߣ˵˼䡣
𣿡̲סȻʵ
ѵˣҶɫһ䡣
Ҫˣ¸ʲôķ·ܴܵ裬ǺᶨصүĺˣȥЩԻһ£ٲ죬һ
ġҶץļ򣬳ܱܲųһжˣʱһ
ҧ˵ͷص˷Լ˽Ҷȡ˳ȥˡ
Ҷص˵ϣһ


004 գһֱĳ
ȥˣյѾ١
峿ʱֵʱ򣬹ѺҶźȻѡһ죬ֱشˡ
ƬĵΣһƴĿ̵öڽ٤ĹҶס˴Ŀ⣬ûǰʲôʯ׳ĺɫĮһһҰסĸ첲СһŲŵسȥˡ
Ҷӵ֮˳ק˸첲СһƮƮţһ·ൽ֮С
õҶͷĳϡ
Ҷһ֮ڳԭгˮĳǶʱ˹һ㡣
ߵĳ۷׷ףһ޼ɵţһñ̵ŹеҶ
ԳģͳѵģҵĳƿڴҪ̲סģһߣ·Ҷӯʮ⣬ɱƽһ㡣
۵Сӣ
Ҷôôϣԩ
˵˵ǼĸĵֵС쵰Ȼɳ
Ҷɫ͵عλǰ԰׵ɫԵ쳣£˼㱣Χĳš
־״̬ŷΡ
ΪףһɫһԲӣ縺룬ҶĸҶ
ȴվһӺݵĹˣһɫ£ӶеĺȣɫˮʱʱҶȴĴŲεݵ֮ɫ
СӣĳƢ갡Ҫߵһ߶ȥˣ
ҶɫľȻ
𳳳ˣʱ䲻Ҷңôоͷ飿Ҫɣ
Ȼ䣬һĴսһؽŲ˹
֮еӵ·һһһ㡣
һ֮Уһʮҵߴ˽ͷΪףӷһСɽ࣬б޵ĻŨüһ˫ۣͭƼʢŭ
л߽֮УݵΧͻѲԼһ㣬ڳеĳȴԼͬվ߹һ
־ǷģӵȨ۷ǿߵغ;⡣
ǰߣӵоӵλ˳Ȩڼ֮д˵һҲͳ˧һӣͷصľˡ
ҶϸһԼļ䣬֪̾ߵ
ǰܵߣҶϼһеĵһҶܡضĴ󽫾һְȻҶĸҶôǿɣΪֱңոǿеһ书֣רŸһ£һĳϵУҲߵģ˵ΪĴڣסҶЩݵĳϣƽʱΪ峤ҶҲ֡
ִӵз峤Ȩ
Ҷһͭ˹еҶô£⺢ַʲôˣҪô
ҶͣҶܵѯʣĮȻ
㻰أô˵ҶܿնһͫŨüʱ
ܳϣٺ٣״ȿ˵ɡ
ҶҵĹأҶӵܷҪ´߸ڼŵҪϱ峤֮⣬Ҫִ֡Աһ̾͵ݸҶһƤֽҶе״
Ҷڼ֮ȨأԲﱾЩãǿ˾ϵ״֮ɫ·ɽǰԤס
ԱߵһݵҶϼɫãЦܳϣҲΪⲻСֵá
ΪΪôҶ˫һ࣬еֽѾƬ̧һָҶص㣬⺢ڵιѺ˶ã
ݳһ£ӷ֮󣬾һֱѺηһ˰ɣ
飡Żľ˲һľ
һ쳣ŭϢɢ˳
Ѻһ£ҶŭˣһѾסݳϵ½󣺡ҶҵӾǷصḶ́ҲѺ죡ôӣǾȻѺһ£
ҶܿҶ²԰׵ɫʹ۾ֱ£漴ŭɶغǰƷ裿Ѿǳͷˣıɱ˭ŵģ˭վ
ҶŭɶڳеĳǶʱһ仰Ҳ˵ˡ
֪ǰɣǰɣȺҶžţ͵վһ°Ѳ豭ˤ˸飬ˮŵļλϻǡ
ʢŭ֮µҶܣȺû˸ҶǵϵĲˮҲҶֲá
˭֪ҶܵƢҲƸҲǷڡ
Ǻðɣ˽֮Ҷϵĳϣᵽÿ˸ҵס졣
ڳеĳɫ䣬Ѿ˿ϡ
˭ûУҶܰݵɨΧĳ͵ʢŭµҶһۣ漴ͷˡ
ҶתۿҶ漴̾Ϣһֽɣʲô͸үү˵
үүңҪҰҶȻ˵ϣǰһѱסҶܵĴȣүүǿҪΪ
ãúӣܿ޳ͺãҪ޶޲ǿɾ汻طˡܳüë΢΢һ壬۵ذԼߣɫصҶȻҶӵ鷸ƣͬҲݺҶӵܣģɵģүүỹһף
˵Ĳʧ£үүҶߵش½гһϸ۵ߣͷѾˣұѺԱߵĵУǰϡǰη˷ߣҪҧң
üһ
ܳһоէ֣ȻվϺȻһⲨһ޵Ľɫ棡
ꡱ¼Ӳһʯ·ܲͺƴƣը֮ڶ
һ綾ߣҧ֮󣬲ʱͻ˭Ȼ˺ݶҶһ˫ͭɨӹΧˣ˭ҺҶӵܣ
λ϶ʱɫ䣬ˢˢת˵Ҳױˣֱʱſڽ࣬ɫٿȻɷס
ҶܵתԱһߣӥһֱ㸺õĴɨͿô
ԱߵӥϼæηȻشɨѲӣеּӳֵķ䣡ûг֮ûôֶߣһֵɺϣ
ҶӥǸ޽񣬵ȻԼʧְȻĻҶܻ֪ôء
žܳһưѼӲ̴ľĳľڵվȵˣҳ£
еĳϻ࿪ʼͷӶ˵Ҳһ˿ơ
ԭĶ˶ͷ˿˿亹оȫһ㡣


005 գһ
ҶһƬȴһĨݵЦ⡣
СǣӴץһ޺Сߣȴ̹ҶıС
Ȼóһ˻Ϊ֤ݣҲδЦҲ̫СƼЩŸ߰˶ѧ峵ĳˣҶ˵ضݷ䣬иģ湺һ綾岽ߣ
õͰĵİ֮£Ҷ㷭ļı̹Բ
һ綾ߣƷһ
ԭ־һŰҶ³ӱĶˣҶⷴһˡ
ѾǴҶˣԭǰľӪӺݹɵ˲ͱˣȡ֮ȴһնŮ
֪֪治֪İƽʱͺģ¹緶ڿţҶѲ˵ȻҪôݶնݳ
Ҳϴˡ
ϣ⻹ŵ𣿡Ҷ棬ص˾ǲһҺѲ˵Ҫնݳ
˵ţ޵Աǿ򾲵Ķˡ
Ϊ׵Ķ˼ҶȻ˵ʹߵڰףʱ־ŭָָҲҵز
үүλϣһлҪ˵ҶȻ̧ͷ
Ҷܳ̾һڵ˵ɡ
Ҷ˭ҶҶ峤ĳӣҶţߵشȵС󣬾书ãʲߣҶҿǾʦ֮һµļҷҶһֲ©ر뿴ҶҿǸɹһΥô
λоɫź벻ˡ
ҶһνɦλϵҶ񾩳е֮һʷƾõҺ֮һֱԱģ֮аռϸ񷨹Ҷҵӵܸ׶ܵϸĹһָ߸ϵԽУҶҵĳǾ͸˵ˣǿ׶̵ȥˣǬ۹ҲȲ˵ġ
Ҷ͵һ͵˵ĶȾͲݣҶϼĻԶԶƫԶϼ¹ܹȵ˵ġ
һҪؤǮ
һͷϻҪܲԣ
һ仰Ҷ͵ڰеҶ˶һ顣
ҶɫĶһۣصλ常ϣеŮĶӣû峤أ͸˵ĺݶҪأҪǺңܾͻẦҵܵܣأֻ˭
Ҷ˻ش쳣˻
˻һǵɫٿȻ䣬˵Ҳһ˿ɫҲԥ
Ҷҵĳ֮以ڶǺģһûйϵһҪҶʾͲһˣô˵ҶҶ˼ȴôžڶ
ôʲô˼ҪҶȡ֮ҪﵽҶͷϣҶѣ
һһ뷨Щϵð˳ҶϵҶԼҷ˵Ҳ쳣ֱĶ˶ͷ亹¡
ݺҶ͵ֶŮǶ£ȷµģɷУ͵˶ҲǰһٱӾͷųˣҶȴǲͬ
Ҷд֮ԿĹңأ಻ɳӣҶּ˵ĹҶгΪ֮ߣҲ峤֮ӴӴѣҶҾû֮
ȴû뵽ҶϽͣƤͷķҧһڣֲҲϼŬѸΪ֮ˡ
һͬس֮Уеìͷһٶָ˶ˣԼ˱ϼ壡
㣡Ҷ˿и߾ŵߣʱ־ŭŭ߳ݺѪˣ
ҶŸ첲ЦˣҷҲɵ࣬Ȼ˵ݺҼȻûֱӵ˵㣬ֺα˼Ѳ飿
ܳһ˫ͭâ˸ţؿԱĶһۣкʼ
Ҷܿص۹Ĵ󽫾̫ʦķţųһɱλȨأֵõʵ۵Ϊ֮ʯҪ񾩳ǶҪΣ˵Ҷˡ
󲮣ҷĺˣҿǽɣ֤ʧġԱߵһĳϺȻڵ
ǰǰԱ߼Ҷϵ峤Ҳ׷׵ؿڵǹ֮ʯÿΪҴŻѪеС£ǽǴɡ
Ҷɨӹ⼸ԲĳϣصȻ޹ع飬ȴҶδѵС𣿡
Σܳ鰴һֵˣλյ飬Ҷоɡ
תͷԱľż峤Ҷһۣ峤ûɣ
ҸñӣһƾоǡҶ͸һɫ΢΢˵ͷ
һԼӣһȴԼ谮Ķˣ׽ˣ˴˼侹ȻݱĵزԵظеһĺʧ
ʤΣʹԶ峤
ֻλһ䣬˥֮ԴһǼĹʧȥ˹ǼڶڵãѾǵļУϣλܹȡѵ򣬱ִϷˣҶһ˫ĴۻɨΧӿӿ
ҶϾҶҵϵɻûȫϴ壬ڿʼʱҶңҲڼҪҶҿԣһҪϴϵ𣬵ڶҪΪҶ´󹦣УκһֻҪˣȻҶҳӣҶ̾Ϣһ⣬Իһ⣬ټȥƳǵȥ书һ̣֮Ը⣿
ҶȻƢңֱộɻҪ˼ҶһĴ󲿷档
ˣҶԩ⡣
ҶҲںˣûָͻһҾ㷭ܹסôһСֳɹҶҺӪп˸ȱڣսĿѾƾˡ
лүүİţԸǰȥҶдϲæߵͷ漴ƵؿԱɫĶһۣǣöҪҧңָô죿˵ˣүүҪұİ·ϣҪ˰·Ҫɱҡ
㡭˱ҶһɳӰİʾը˷Σһҧ
ڣҿ˭ңܳ͵һӣ͵һ뷢֮£ݵɱȥһ
λʵȨҶϳɫҲ
һͶ˹⣬˶һۣ̲֮סһ¡
û˲ϲ棬ҶȻҲ⣬Ҷҳүг֮⣬еĴֹۣһоҪҶҵĺģЩƽΪ˿ë棬ͷѪĳ̾ͻᱧһţһ⡣
ҲҶһֱʢ˥ԭڣҪȻĻҶƢԸҺųɱϼһҲִɱȨ
ܳҶ㱻ߵ飬һң䱻𣬵ҲҪסҶӵܲˣҶӵҲᱻۣҸұ֤˵ҺҶҵӵܣҶܾ׷ĺǣƴҲưոݣ
ܳϾҶʱ˫ĳͶء
ܳ漴ֵңȥʱҲɳиֻǰȥƮ壬ɡ
˵꣬ơ


006 գ
ܳϵĻ䣬ԱߺȻƮһĺӰһһɴŮѾ䵽˵ߡ
ǰŮϸһɫĽУϸߵĶ̽ȴһɴֻ¶һ˫ĵĴ۾
ĻȴɢһɭɱϢη
Ʈ壺ְҵȼʦף־6058338065սǱаɱϵսӰ
ҶĿļܡͨĿҶʵʵصһ٣ԼҲֻ׵Ϊѣǰĺ椾ȻѾʦ׵ĸˣ
ҸոġͨۡԼԿɴһ̺ۡ
뵽Ҷżʱ仹δȥ˳Ҷܵɨһ¡
ҶܣȼʦŽף־ʣݣսնȭʮ˴
ľ־ȫʺţȻĵȼ̫ߣҶֲܹģϼһ书Ǻ
ŮһƬҶ㣬ӯذҶܵ£Ʈݼ󽫾
Ʈ壬Ժ񣬾ҪҶҪΪһ£𣿡ҶָҶص
ƮˣݼүɴƮ壬˹ޱҶһ漴վ
ؿҶ΢һ̧֣ҶүүһһҪ
˵ɡҶܵ
Ҷһ֮ҵܵҶһѧ䣬ھһ𣿡
ҶתۿԱľżһҶһۣŨüһ壬һĨȵʧ֮ɫ
Ҷְҵˣϰгɺ󣬸ûİţֱӾͶãһһ·ƴɱλãɱϵӣ־ϵήӱܡ
ƷԼļǶŲֱܹŵ鹣
Ҷϼܹ֮񾩳ĴУΪɵйĲƸռڳ۷ȨƣҪǼ̫еһʿ˵
ֱԾǿȨǰܱʴάϵĸڡ
Ȩû˿ȡû˿׬ãΨһʧȥʧȥ꣬ͻķѡ
Ȼµļ֮Ѿͭ⣬ഫĹ֮ҲѾʧȥӦеĹⲢһͷΪ峤ΪһףҶûоԼΣ峤Ѿٵȥˡ
˰ˣѰһᣬ´λѡλ峤Ϊá
Ҷܵ˵ͷðɣͷİɣȥʰʰһ֮·
үүҶҶһתͳȥˡ
ƮȴӰһȻ
ʼգûпԼĸһۡ

ҶϸۡĴ֮С
ҶĮõλãԱҡȵˡ
ΪʲôҪôҶʵѽѺôûΪʲôҪߣ뺦𣿡
ҡõôôСԼݵĿƺòã˶ó
ôе˶ɵġ
͵һãøһҶأ⻰ʲô˼Ҫ֧㿪ϷĲ·ҪҰ£λϣҷϻܵ峤ޣΪֶŮһ¹Ͳˣ
ҶкȻεȵ֮ɫ漴ֻܵĹԴεصڣѾˣء
ҡȣЦжأ峤ȻλȨأҲִֻ϶ѣʲô˲ģ
ءҶصȨʱϳ峤ȻѾ޹ô꣬ǶڼĹ㻹˽ġ
ߣҲһ£вʵصֶŮǸδŮôװռ˱ˣ
׼ô죿ҶЦĥҲѾˣͷ
һת漴һףߵҶΪżү˵ҲˣͷһȰȰҸ磬¾ô˰ɡ
ȥͰɡҶص˵ͷ
ȰοţǺðүһһ֥Ϊ㰾㲹⼸֥ú÷ɡ
˵꣬ҡҷ˵ŲӣͥԺ֮ȥˡ
Ҷϣͬһˣ˵ˣƣľкȻһĨĹâɱ·һѳʵ
³֣ˣ
ã˫ʹӡ
尡ҵ׻Ҫֶãһꡢ꣬ʮꣿġѾҪͦסˡҶʣ૵صɢѵάϵһ壬ͷҪôĴ𣿡


007 ȱϷ
Ҷ֮г֮󣬻ɵĶжǧصһ㡣
ȻΪ˱ݱ棬ҶװһҪģԼĸĵĲ֮£ǵسԼլԺȥ
ƮӰһ㣬ĬȻظߵ᷿档
ȻԶˣҶǺ޲ʳƤҲò϶˵ֶΣҶϸ֮ۡУе۶˸£γһܵļصĶҶҶֵ
ֻԴһİɶҶĹ˼εвգûܹŵǿꡣ
һڼ֮еɱ˲Ѫڶʵ̫ײУҲ̫ĥˣҶʵеƣνܾˣΪһʧߣҶ٣ü߳˸ۡʤȴǻͷ
Ҷһʺ̫ݣ˱۵ļˣ֮ۡûһԸٴıȶ߻ҪŮˣҶкģҲʱͶ˼ֽ䱸
˵ȷݺҶȴûдҶΪҶ֮һԾһҶӵܵǰ;ˣҶѾ
Ҷȴǻ㣬ƲϽһѣгжʱ˶ľвĵоͲ˶Զ˼ĵִ;衣
Ҷһ˴ϣسһŷĬĬ
ԱߵϷֻžɵľᡣ
ոܳ˸书ؼֱǡȭնеġȭŵӳŴ书ؼλнһƷҶҲҪŵģ书ؼȽϤϤ
նȴҶӾʱĳⱾԭһн׶Ʒ书սϳĵҶ书֮󣬲쾳磬Ծտڹķŵˡ
˼ȫ֮Ҷŷ˼һԼļ䡣
֮ͼ̳⸱ȫ䡣
½ݣĹң̴½ǿ֮һĴ񾩳ǾǴľҶȴǴǬʮ֮һ
½ϣϵΪ֣ߺߡ
ְҵϵΪƷƷƷ֮ΪƷ
ƷΪ⾳
ƷΪ
ƷΪ񵤾ħླ
Ʒ֮󣬻ͨɾ
ߣƾ书ɱУֻ֮ܳΪͽ
ڹķѾھ޳ģɳ֮Ϊߣ
ɴ֫ٺģѾɱߣɳ֮Ϊʦ
쾳磬ܹȡ뱾壬֮Ϊģ˾ɳ֮Ϊʦ
˸ոǿɳ֮Ϊڣ
ĸԣ֮Ϊɳ֮Ϊʥ
ھԪɵ֮Ϊ񵤾񵤾ߣǿܹ࣬֫ɳ֮Ϊ
ɹħ֮𣬼ɾͽһԪϣ۳һ취࣡
һ޷䣬ͨ;ﵽһ㣬Ϳɳ֮Ϊߣ
Ʒ֮ϣ龳ɾλף
ҶҵĴҶܣո֮չֳȫ棬·ưϢǵͲ۷徳ʦеľֻһܽڵ˸յ
ĸ֣ص㣬ḲԼγһصǹס
ҶȴǼĻڹΪѾߵľ磬ֻǿû书ټҶŷһǽ汸һֱµƿͻơ
ڣԼʵǵ֮Ҫ顣
ˣôˣԽеľҶȻһĴȣһͦ漴У˵Ĵռ䡣
ҶԽӵһеݿʼ̰ϸ
ϧұÿһ깣ûҵ뾭뼼ܵصĶ
ݣɣҵľͼܵ㾹ȻûˣҶһ·ɨʱЩĻˡ
N֮ȷûмܵҶʱͷһ£һŸոձͻõģ·ֱݺݽ˱ˮİˣҶһƨ˵ϣʧǡ
ԼԽ֮ϵͳ澹Ȼǲȱģʧȥؼľϵͳͼܵļӳɣ
Ҳ˵еԺսȼҪͱҪͣضˣ
Ҷ̾˴Խ֮ĵһδ
٣ԼôҲһλǰ;ĴԽ꣬ô۾ͺأЩ͵ĴԽүЦ
ϧԼȻܹƾʵսȼҪȻĻȥܵսǧ˰ٵ˻߹Լͳһݵĸ֡
һ뵽ȱݣҶʱߵһͿ
ҶٱϾͬˣ̾ʹӴ֮˹µһ


008 δ
Ȼû棬һиְҵҩʦ
Ҷִ˽棬ȰͱĲͷͷ˳Ȼ˸ְҵ
ǧ˰ٵ鵤ҩԣԵеʱһѷذûˣһΪҲ
Ҷҧгݵش˸ְҵĿԼʦУɴţֻۣ̰Լʦ£𶦡֮УһƷ𶦣൤𶦣Աߡ鼮һᡶҪ
ãҶٳԷļһﶼסˡҶٴοϲرȡ൤𶦡
һƺȻзɳˣһ߼ͨͭɫ󶦳Լǰ͹ӵΧιޣһƹΧŶת֮вƬ֡
൤𶦣Ϻǧδ鱻Ƴɵγ˵飬ܹס
𵤻𶦵ҶʱһɽеһֻλȴһЩֻƷѣܵǺȫܹװܹ͵ҩ
𵤶Ҳ飬Ҳ˵ֻҪ㹻Ĳϣ𵤶ܹġ
һ뵽ҶļҪոΪϵͳϴĲҲѸһɨˡ
Ϊ֤ʵ룬漴һֻСؿ档
𶦵ĻʮֵеĻңǻڿƻĶȴѰ¶ȡ
ҶѡеĻ棬˿϶ΪԴ¿ˡ
û˻磬һĴ̹ǵʹವһ±
һɿζҶһеһ߲ͣꡱش˵ĵط
룬Ҷ漴һա־𶦺Ȼһ̹⣬ƾʧˣٿԼУ𶦡
ãȻʵġҶ˿ϼˮݣǰʱһڣ۵εڵء
εȴֲܲΣ
󡭡ڵһʱ󼱣æ˹ſҶϡ
ҡһΣС仯һ̵ֻİƣžžü⣬Ȼʹλá
Ҳ١Ҷĵ˹
ҶæٵصԼĿ֮Уţһ̳С
Ҷ̰˳һݲȥ
ᴿǶۡơװơơҩơ
ԼУᴿǶ֮⣬䡢װҩƣҪͼֽװͼֽ͵ܼ
ԼҲֻһװȫͼֽѡ
ȻģȻģҶɴ۾ظ𶦵˫૵صҺû㣬Ȼֻܻڻ֮ˣʵ̫ԭʼˣȻȭͷȽţֱǲٵ˼㡣
ҪŪЩһƷٺٺٺ١»ΣҶɱϣ
ҶЦ֮˫ְס˵Աߵͭһϸ緢˿˽ȥ
ڵĻһһҶϢ
Բز㣬ʹ
ҶЦͶʱᡣ
Ц˲һϣɵ
Ҷ̯֣ƽΪ鴤ͣļ⣬գգ۾ٴһ
ҶΪͺãոѾ˲٣һѾϸ緢˿ϸ˿
Բز㣬ʹ
٣ɣôأҵλôͣô٣ôֽܹĵҶʹƣݺԼͷһ¡
ԭ־Ҷ˲ֱʵ˱С
Ҷµ΢Ľ޵˵Щҩˣͽ׼򵥵ķ䶼޷
ĴԽ֮Ķδ
Ҫ̤̤ʵʵĿʼ˰ˣ书˵ɣҲܲˣԼĵλ˵ɣεԭ͵Ҷ̾˿漴͵۹ת˷˿ռеؼ
һ뵽ҶɥкȻӿһ˿СС˷ڵ֮еʱҶѾԽá
ԼԿռ֮УһǳΣҲǳʵõĹܣǾ۷Žȥʲôװ书ؼܹ书ؼȫ߱ʮ־Ƶļܣ
Ҳ˵书ϣֻҪԵļǿһ֮̾Ͳ㣬֮Ҷ͵ӵһĸΪָ㲻㣡
ҪǣʦɫԼСģЦȥֺġ
Ƕôһ°
ҶЦ֮󣬾̼ܳ͸ؼϣؼһŵѸʾ˳
ȭ־1512301816ʸ
12151816ʸ
ն־1010151816ʸ
@#@@%%@#%
ҶٸոȷЦ·һϰȻֹ漴ľ׮һ㣬쵹ϡ


009 ֮
Ҳ٣ҶΰүòҰѣҵʵ̫ӣȫһŵݣҶʱһͷᵹϣС
Ҷ˼¼⵽˴Խ֮ȣ
˰ˣ˵ĥǹҲȲĥǹҪǿҶз˺ݣҧҧ

ƻյգҶûһ˿硣
Ҷϸۡ䳡еĿռĴҲΪžʩʯľˡľ׮ȵһӦȫ
ʯ䳡м䣬Ųľ˺ľ׮䤱Ҷվľ˵УŤŤذȭӣʱʱܵһԵϣһ۾ᣬȻ
Ҷϼˣؽ飬עޣ˫赣ҶӵܵĿǣΪΪ
ֻûϢĲŻȥ̡
Ҷ֮еĳǣʵûϢģгϢĶȥˣҪҶ̷ϣҲ֡
ҶϵȶԺĽνɷѿˣҶӵԳͻᱻŵµһׯ԰˽жϰ䣬ҶרŵĽʦ̵ڼһкݲƷûūź򣬳ԵĶͳһĴֻй֮Ҷӵܣʸڸ֮ۡޣÿ껹Ҫһʱ䣬ׯ԰ûū͵£ԸԶꡣ
ֽϵͳΨһĸãʦ֮һЩСҹӵܶڰﳰЦҶϵӵӣʱֲ椲޹¥ƾţĻʺڿŲµСʱ˵ְְɣٲͰ޵Ҷҿͷ̲ȥ
ǴûΪʲôԿһһĹѸȻһһĹѸû䣬ΨҶһֱεȨ߲㣬ǳ뽫һƷԱ⽮
Ҷӵ࣬ҶࡢһƷԱ⽮վȨ۷ţȴҶӵܸʮ㣬죬Щ᲻ﶪƲҶӵܵҶӵͬҲ㹻ȥǡ
ҶոƴӲذ书ؼӲ֮һʽҶȴǹͷ룬֥鶪ϣͬոƿǶѼһ㣬ŽŲ˫֡
Բȭʧܣ
Բʧܣ
һϢͣʶԿˢ£ѸͲˬҶٸҡҡ׹
ȻǴԽ꣬Ҷٵ̫ӡ
ڣҶҲܲסĵĴݲУͨһˤ˵ϣĽųشŴ
ˣҶٵûˣ
ɵɹù̵ʯϣҶߣʶشԼԿռ䣬Ҳҵš
ռ棬һ̵׺Ȼӳ
Ƽףװ֮һ15־10㾫񡣡
һٿӿͷ
װȻܹҵԣҶ۾ʱһͦµ
֪װ֮Ի᲻ӣ
ҶŽɣס
Ƿѡװ
ǣ
ҶǰȻˢһɫĲƣɫȥ֮һͱ£Ҷɭ̵ѾԼˡͼ侫Եһɫƺͳƣɫƣ·һ㣬˳ſζΪ¡
װϵͬʱҶȻоһ˿˿Ȼ˳ȫֱͷţҶٸԼǷ֮һɨգʶ쳣·һ˳Ⱦһ㡣
װ԰ôװûеҩûǿװϸԣԼĸԣ
Ҷһɾͦӵ
ȣҶһڶȭһһʽʹ
һθоոȫͬˣȭʽͬˮһԺɳȫûиտʼɬУʩչ֮һһʽʹѸ磬ˮһ𣬶ȭʹоԼ·²մ棬Ƽ㲻մһ㡣
ҶǸоȫֱ͸֫ٺ֮һ㣬ٶ֮£Ǻȭ֮󣬸оԼ·һֺգˮһ˳
ȭɹ+5־+5+4+5+5
ɹ+2־+1+6+8+8
ϢҶʶ֮кҶһʱüһţ𣺡ˬ
нһƷ书ܹɱˣһܹȫضʵȸ档
ԼԽµ书
ȭȣ10.94%
ȣ10.81%
Ҷʱ΢΢³һûϵͳͼܵ㣬Ҫû书Ҷٲһ鳹ͷβķˡ
ɾûˡ
һ뵽װܹٶȣҶǿŵ¤ôߵ˼ֱû
Ҫȣõİ취Ǳ뽫Լȫߣߣ书ߡҶȶյüģҪôܸ㵽õװأ
ȻһӲĶһ̧һƴСĺӳ
ϡеϽһ׭ġҶ֡
Ҷϸ˹˼ɿתҶҳӵרƣīɵģǹ룬һۣӳԼҶҳӵݵλ֮⣬һãǿұԿף
ұ⣡ˣ϶Ʒװؼ˵


010 һŭɱū
һ뵽ҶһԴ
ҶĵܿⷿȻʵеĶϷеװ£Ҷһԡ
ܹҵԵװԼװϣԼ֮£ӢнһƷ书Сһ
˵ܹҵƷؼ
һ뵽YYҶٵļ
ҶǰϸμңĹ涨ֻгй󣬿ɳֵƲܹɳܿ⣬ⷿȴǱ˿УȻûܹɳƣȴܿ
ҶҶҳӣʸƽȥģ±Ǳ˵ļĸţκ˿
һЩԼܵĥҶжضʱһɱ
㲻ʣͱҲˡҶٿɴǵˮ֮ӿȪ౨ġ
Ҷ漴صԼ֮Уֻ᷿ڣƮϴϢҶˣ漴۾ʵʲôү
Ʈ壡ҳȥһ⣡ҶطԸһ䡣
᷿Ʈ壬һȻ˹
Ҷ󲽳ԺȥˣƮĬȻҶ
Ҷ֮УɭϣƮõĻдҶҲˡ
ҶҵҾں԰λã޽ʮι̡
ؼףֳֵվʯŵ࣬
Ҷҵ޽ڵصʮɵλãΧôʯɣڱȴ÷ɣпյڱлˮһеھ룬̾ͻᱻˮඥ
ĸ߽׵Ϊرĸ֡
һֱҶΥҶ̬֮ȼֱѾЩˡ
վסүǿⷿصأκ˶ڣۿҶ˹̧һסҶһһ۵ص
Ҷֳǰ˻Σصϵʲô𣿡
⵱ȻҶҳӵơŰۣصǷѾ涨ˣ롣
˵Ĺش󣬻ҶҵĹش󣿡ҶͷӿһŭҶй涨Ҷ峤ʸԼҿⷿġǶˣûʸ񿿽
ʱ
һԾͲǣ
ҶƬ̣û˿˲ļ󣬻صҪٲÿԸ
΢ɲƲƲ¶һ˿ЦԹԵ˱ǿף˵ʺ
һҶһָ

ūš
ҶжһĨ壬Ȼһгһ̵ۡһͱӡ
Ҷҽңṹ˽᲻һּݣ߹ǣһٴ˸λãͬƢ඼͸ˡ
ı£ҲԳŲӡ
ڱʺ⧲£پСһһ˲䴫ȫľʹ˲ɴ۾ؿҶз˿ˣѪȪ˳ŵڼӿ˳
ζû뵽ҶȻҶɱ
Ҷ¶˰ɭɭݣšŵһͷʾѪ৵ؽ
ɴ۾Ҷͨһ˵ϡ
㡭㾹ȻɱˣԱʱɵۡ
ܵһ㣬̻Ӷеı˹
ҺҶ֣Ʈ壡ɱǣҶ̧һָȵ
ҶıȻһӰȰ㼱Ǻһһ̽ɸ⼸ıһĺ⻮
ʱѪͨһ˵ϣ񱻸ӵĹһѪͬٲһ˳һأӵĹ㣬ڵһһġ
Ժū֮̾˹ǰѪȵһĻ֮̾ʹסˡ
˭סôҶתվѪʬм䣬һɱ
ŵѪĶ̵ϲһµ棬۾ΧһȦصҵģǱĿģ
ҲңǲˣѶţǰѪһĻʱŵæڵأߵͷ絷һ㣺ү룡ү룡
һ£ҾҪ뿪ˡ
ҶصһȻĴү
еūͺһſ˵ϣ֨
ҾͺãҶһָû͸Ѫвͣ鴤ˣ̰ĸūŶȥʬڸ֮죬ҪҶūŶˣǴ³
Ҷɱ񻺻ɨӹΧڳеʱеһɺסԼ࣬һʱع˵ϡ
ǵɫȺūžͲԶ֪˭ˡҶȻһЦת󲽵˵֮С
Ʈ壬㿴غ˭ҿ͵ظɱ
Ҷת߽֮ͨС
վ⣬Ҷøɵģϻһ㻨ʯǽѰ޷롣
ֽɴϲ˸ֻƸҶѭŻƣԱһưݣ¾ͰƲ棬Բ̰ȥȻҶơ
¸¡ˣִŻشˣ¶һֱͨб̨ɫʯ̨ס
ǰ治Զ¶һ


011 װЧ
Ҷ̤֮ͨ󣬺ĵһ򿪵ٴλشպ
֮һţõĶҶһ֧еرҲֻҶҵ͵ĳӣʸѡ䱦ĸûʸ
ԣҶǵɱŰռҹҲû˸顣
ʯ֮еʯͷʯƳɵģ׭˸ֱа޵ķƣտʯΧǽϣȴǶ˰˿żҹ飬ÿŶǼֵǣҫ֮磬ռ֮Ʒ˺ɼ
߽һƬѤõⱦЩҫۡ
ҶۣͨɨһǰһѵĽ鱦
Աǽ棬һҹ͹£֮еĲƱ˸ĿĹ⻪
װĽƷ׹֮࣬ԱǷ˴ƿ֮ͭŶڶǽϣһ׳ߴͭˡ
ҶȻƽմ²ǰݣҶûмҵס
֮ܿеĽ鱦ܹʳĹˡ
ܣۣͨ
Ҷ˼֮кȻ⣬ǰЩ鱦ӣѾһࡣ
ͨҶڷеսȪѧļܣܹƻءǱصĵˡĻ֮ڲ伣Ĺߵľܹ֮ѰߣѰҶ츣ء
Ѿ5ѾܹԵؿƶֵĸԣԷֱ
£Щ鱦ɢŨǿһࡣ
Ҷ˳Щ鱦һһӵؿʼ̽Ȼóһתƹ壬ֱ˿˿ͨˬ֮С
h壺־12㣬25㡣
Ҷʱϲ̷һһ̺ǿƷװؼˡ
Ͼ־18㣬30㡣
Ѫɺ80㡣
25㡢35㡣
Ҷпʼؿϲһͷ鱦֮Уͷһ㲻ͣھ
Ѵ֮֮£һһܹ־װؼգλʶ鱦Ĳָ˳
Ҷ⼸һ֮£⼸װѸʧԼĿռУȻ⼸Ʒرע⼸װ渽ӵĸԡ
/װƷh壿
ǣ
/װƷϾ
ǣ
/װƷѪɺ
ǣ
/װƷ
ǣ
Ƿ񡭡
ҶϽ˼⣬ֻĿϵʵλһЩװ
̱ⱦԸӵĵزˡ
Ȼװˣֻǲ֪ЧأҶ۾˾⣬ȻоЩװλô˿˿ظоһ
һ쳣ǿϢԼȫ£Ѹٻ۵Լüλ֮С
ˬ
Ҷ۾ʶ֮кȻ󷽹ԭһƬڰģʶз·ͬһưͬķأԼһֱģҫһƬ
⼸װϸӵЧǿңһ˿˿еԼͷٻλã·һȪϴһ㡣
ˬ찡Ҷһ
⼸װϵͼ֮£һֱͷ뵵ĸѸٵһɨգ֮һƬֻһ֮£Ĳһһһеת֮£ȫѪҺѪ֮еĴһСϪ㱼ڡ
ľ־ӽһ֮£һֱǰ̵ľ磬¶®ɽĿˡ
ֻЩһľУһϸߵڷɿشϢ⼸ƷװϸӵǿԼֱܹľ־ı
ǿĸԡ
Ҷͷ΢΢һ۾ȫĵظȫı仯
ǰݣһɲǣҶȻ˹
ԿУ־;ڹȣݺȴ书ȣ
޵ĸȭǶҪʮֵȫ档
ҶУľǱȽϸߵģ־ȴʼնǿҲ˵࣬˴Ҳ࣬Ψ͵ǲ㣬ΪųҲᶨ
Ҳѹ֣ڹΪʲôǿˣǿڹҪǿ־ѹƺǿľת
Ҷ֮нɨ˼֮Ҳҵ˼ʮԵװѣЩװȴָͷ֮СƷѣ񻤱ۡȡսѥס¡硢ͷ֮װȴһûС
֣õ¤Ҷʵɥѡ
Ҫ֪ЩС͵ƷȻǿʵǱˮнЩ͵װܹԵġ
ô˵ҶҺôҲǴмңۼһ֧ǳھĸ˵ģûװôҲмؼаôһ书ؼûУЩװܶʲôƨã̰Ĳ¤ҶٲЩʹüġ
ʱ۾ͷ๷һصЩ鱦ǰͣǻš
ˣ᲻ᣬʲôأҶ˼ȻӵһʯĻƽȨȣһŲӣһĴûš
ľĺܸߣΧǽ΢һ϶׵ر׽ûʱ΢һĻͬᱻ׽ס
Ҷͭϣĵͭڲһ峺öĻ
ҶȻһ


012 
žɵͭ͹׾ϲ˸ǵĹ컨ƣȴпյġ
Ҷһ֮£׵ȣȻѭͭȫѰһء
ǰͭƽٵֱۻˣظλõͭϣȴȻѿһŻ¶һĿ׶һžɵᡣ
Ҷʱס˺˳֮󣬿ʼһҳҳϸ
񹦡ƷĽڹķҪ60־65񣬳׻ڹ⣬˹6ǰκιͬ
ҿнƷĹҶ΢΢һ˼ţŹȻҪô̾־ѹ־ⰵյĵطôʽ򣡵ȵʸʱȴѾϰʮ˻ƽ׶ˣˣ϶Ǿؼ϶Ǿؼؼ
书ǵΪףÿһȴַƷнƷĹѾǷļˣˡ
ƷĹͲˣǴɵɹĽ٣ɾط࣡
Ҷؼھ׵֮УЦСΣ漴룬⹦ȫԼԿռ֮УȻʮƷԼԿռģ˳
ҵſڣһµƮһ棬Ŀ
Ʈ壬͸ġҶȡһֻī󷽵صݸ
ҲҪκεʹ͡ƮҲޱص
ǾˡҶڨڨ˻У漴ԱϲŵܵеŶʱ˸¸¸µ¡һ
߳һڵ֮ͨҶһʱЩӦپ΢΢Щۡ
ߵſڴλãҶҸϵηִܼվ棬ģѾվܾˣĵš
һҶ߳ˣܼС˹ֵϹĵЦݡ
ƽܼҶҶЦжǴͼ黫߾һģ
ڣҶȴԵشЦ֮пһɷĵĿ־壡
ҶЦյķȻһ¶һѩ׵ݣЦ쳣õЦȴùܼľ׳СȶҲƲסض
Ҳʼ𣿼黫϶Ҷ΢΢۾ƽ湧ȴΥ϶
ܼϵķһ£صү㿴ʬҾ˷ԸӰ죬Ҫһпˣү϶㿴⡭
ʱĹܼΪȵĿ־壬ƤӶˣѾЩ״ˡ
òǶ̽ҵİɣҶ΢΢۾һߺ⣬º͵صĻôǸ˹ܼңҪһˡ
̧һָԱζʬ壬ص
ûСûУܼȫķⶼھҵض£Ƚһͨһڵϣĺˮ˳¡
Զһе˼ɣЩƵūţҵǲɱһӰ١
ǣүôšСľôˡ
ʬһ죬ǱġҶޱ飬صʱ򣬰ʬ嶼ҰƤֲݣҵͥԺУҪ־ˣðҵ³
˻ܼҽʵʵصһ
̫ײˣ̫ˡ
Ҷҳ˲ٵʱĹʿʲôʱôһͽ
Ը֮Ҷ漴Ͱѵת˹ܼңصסҵĻҵѾٴ˿ۿˣ
Ҷ͵һѾס˹ܼҵ½߷һһٵصҾͰƤֲݣ
ܼҹڵϣƴͷү
Ҷһڡ
ܼɴ⣬ͷܶȥ

ҶĶԺ᷿֮УΪª
Է֮УҶüλһ㶹ȶʯϣ죬ա񹦡ϼصľ·ߣʼ
ĵʣǲܹŹģǼȫר־;ǿװľ־˺üѾȫ߱ˡ
ڼѱ߳ŭĶﲻҵĸǰɱ˼ǰ֮£Ҷòѡˣһʤһʤ㡣
Ȼڹյ֪ʶ࣬Ҷǿľͼʯ־
΢񹦵ת·߷ת
ʱֻһ˿˿ϸ緢˿һζ󣬵ʱӳ糤һ㣬һھӿ𽥻۴Լĵ֮С
ʱӳ֮£ҶȻо彥ʼȫ±˳ɫȫѪҺ·𶼱һ㣬еĺ˴Ϻһεεȳڻɫĺ˳źë˳
ɼҵƺҪȫ֬Ҫذһ㣬ѼӲĹҪ˿ͨ
ȣˮŵؿˡҶֱе˿ڸڽƻĴĮŲŹ̵ɳһưưˮֱͷһ·֫ٺ֮УƺҪƵĻǶЩһ㡣
æ֮УҶ漴ϸһԼԽ棬ʱһԼֵֵȻѾ͵һ룡
һڼ½ͣҶû˵óԿռ֮еһƿѪɢ˸ӣһ͹Լڣһҩ֭˳ʺѸٵعԼĸڣԼٴλ
ԼʵĺˮҲǰȻɫر˵ɫѾûǰǹŵζˮһϢ
ĥ֮£һ쳣֮Ұһ賤
־ͬ֮пįľʱеС־
ѹ֡ŹҪôǿ־Ҷҧгݵعѵص
תһ쳣ٴ϶͵ڶѸٸǰȫ
ԭսתۼ˱ѩء
ҶȫȻһ·ͨһ¾͵һ͸ǵıݿش˰ˣرɫ󣬶ɪɪ
Ҳݣ񹦻ķűӰŶˣҵڹ
ҶȻ뵽ʶ֮еһϵѸǰˡ
ڹ书УڹȴѾ񹦡ڹȣʾ91.55%
áѾҪˣҶʱԭֻʣôһˡ
ֵ֣׾ʤ
ȻϣҶҧҧ̾ȶסԼȫȽ״ֻȫԸתԼĹȿʼһһε100%ƽˡ
100%ɹ


013 ս
Ҷһ׻һ㣬һһڵ֮ڿʼһɫӰȻԼһʶѸٴʶС
񹦵һ޳ɣ־+15+15+25+10+10+35+35ڹܣ䡣
1תܹѪѸ޸ഴˡ
ڡڱҸˡҶͨһˣ괭˼ڴɫŻָЩѪɫˡ
һ¶ͷĺˮֻΧĴϵë̺Ѿɫĳʪˣɢһ쳣ŵζû³
ˣպˮ·ѱҲһˣ
䣬ͥԺ̾ʹ±ļٽŲ
ֻƬ̵ĹһͰ¶еϴˮѾķеλˣҶѵϵ·ˮͰС
һŮһ׸ɾ·սս˽
ովǡ񹦡һذȽ֮£ѾӲؽڶҺ֬ų˳ȫѪĴƥ
ҶʱƤӨӤһ㣬ĿӵʱԼȫĹһ˪
Ҳҿںˮŵʱ򣬺ȿˮһͺȲѪɢѸٵزܣűסԼܡ

յգƻ𣬰Ҷ䳡ϵʯɹĶЩˡ
ҶΧʮͩľżνý绢ѸݵĲ·ڵϿһ㣬㴩ϪˮʯЩżмٴţɿش֮䣬ΧżϾȭͷáž죬żϼӲľֱۺľϣȭͷȽҵػ£һ̵İۡ
䳡ֻķ˿Ӱ
˿̴װҲЩ֣ϰһɫףȴΧһɫ̵仹һɫ壬ϻһѪɫһĻ˼װʵڲʺԵЩײ࣬ģʵ˷塣
ֻ֮䣬һɹҵǿҵƿձ
⹦һľ֮󣬲Ż
ȭ͡ŹŴĹ򣬶ǴܴͨҲʣվƷĻ֣Ӧн׳ƷĹͨϵ޶ġ
ҶΪнһƷ书ô򵥵ģΪŹͨɵĵӣҲǱҪĹ䲻֮ˡ
ܳǼ֮ûκ˽ĵֱߣ£ҲҶεˣȸ׸ֵΡ
Լں߶յʱ򣬸ȴѡӱܣں֮м尾һ£Ѿ͸ġ
Լн֮󣬸ѡܳȥˡ
ԴˣҶѾ
Ҷȭһ˫µȫװ֮ٶ㷭屶
Ҷʶǲȱϵͳ֮󣬳Ϸռ֮⣬ŵʲô书ؼֻҪϵͳռ֮У̾ͽؼϵȱ㣬Լѵˡ
ڹҪǿľ־ʣ书ȴҪǿʡݺ
ҶԭûװʱϰŹ۵ð˵Ҷͣ޷򣬵رװ˸߶ʡݡļ֮ŹͣͲǰĶҪƿǻȻʣȫ붯϶Ϊһ˵
ΪЩܹ߶Եװڶ̶ʮĹ򣬾ͽ书9ľ磡
޵书ÿÿһԼҲĺܸߡ
96.54%97.88%98.12%100%
Ȼ䣬ҶٿɫӰ
ȭ100%10ɹȫԸ10㣡ս˲ɱ1徢1о1
100%10ɹʡݡ10㣡ս
н׳Ʒȭ˾ȻսҾȻսˣҶһ漴ٴӿһϲ
ѹ¼飬漴ʶԽս
սܣͨ5˲ɱ1徢1о11
벻һƷɫȭڳ֮󣬾ȻսҶȻ漴˽ϸļܡ
ݵѧ֮Уǿս书ͬ书ͨսܹ˵ľ־ʡݡ
սɱУǴ书ݻʺɱУ˵Ǽ˾һٶȵϡ
ȷ˵书ǳͨӣսװݵľ֡
սȫǰ͵սǸսá
˲ɱ𣬹˼壬ȫԿΪ죬ʮּϬǿĴ͸иľ
徢𣬷ըһ㣬֮󣬲ĳͻұը
оˮ纣еһ㣬ȴǴơľ
ҶָܵĽ֮󣬶漴һСֲ䣺޶ӵκα֮ͨϡ
ٴӿϲ
ֿƴ½ɫսʵȴǷǳʵãܹͨ书ӣҲ˵ܹɽţЧܹõرϣСܹõϣ
ֻԼżҲֻ1ѣҲ˵ֻּȭͷ϶ѣҪõϸСıľ磬ֻ¾ͷǵðż10ˣ
ԼԺҪּܣɾеæˡҶһڴ¸ԼĿˡ


014 
Ҷתһ֮£漴ȻǻеѰߣֻû궼־磬Լڽװȴֻǻ˰µʱͽ书ˣѾ漣е漣ˣּܣĻԵ
뵽漴ַ˷Ҷ͸Ʒ书ն
ҶԸȣ֪̰࣬Ҳֻǽȭ͡ʮԲľأնȻλнƷÿҲࡣ
ˣһֲ֮£нƷĵҲѱ5ľ硣
ڸв֪ҶݺԼһڣ漴վһ½ǣԺұȥ
ĵ±֮У͵ҹâҫķҶص˵֮Уһ֮С
ûӣֻһ˸ڹʯͷҹ͵£˸źʯһĹ
ֿʯѰƷīʯֻ֮УƳīһʮּӲƷϣֵǣѰıֻҪīĿɰĴ̥֮ͨ̾ǣһ
ʯҪҲǼѵģ׵̿޷˵ǰеʶˣһѵīŻᱻ˵±֮вա
⼸֮⣬Ҷһֱڵ±֮УϸѰÿһ䡣
ұʵ̫ˣԿһͣˣṩ㹻ռ䣬ڣ򲻸ˣȻûҵʲôȴʮҵһʯһС
ܣҶһԽ֮еܣ˶յͼֽ
һ̹˸֮£ڵϵСѾ߶ߣϲӵ޻ƣһȦ೤ƥ
ħװͷֻҪװ鼮㹻ˣҩҪװ϶ŵͼֽС
ҶԽϷҲֻǴBOSSϱͼֱֽյħӡ׾
Ϸʱ͵͵Ҫͼֽͬëһ㡣
ҶһϺȻ˶˫֮У֮ڵĻ·һưһ㣬һ£ȻʢĻ֮УһۼױֵĻֵģʼڶȻ衣
ָоϷ֮ʱĸо޼
ԱߵīʯһͶܵĻ֮Уܵ¯֮£ܹɽΪ֮ͷʹѵīҶ൤𶦵Ļ֮УҲֻܹԹԵڻˡ
ת˲֮䣬һīڶл֮£ͱڻһɫˮʽӶе˳ڵһ磬̾ͻ¯
ᴿҶһ
ɫ¯Ѿ仯һŻУīرһҫ۵ɫˮ˺תĻ֮Сͣѹš
ոСɽһѿʯһ㷢˹ཹཱུ
ȻҲֻᴿôһСīѡ
Ҷ漴֮еͼֽĻ֮еɫ忪ʼͣŤڳҵĻ֮бһ߶೤Ľ״
ս𵶣Ҷ³һԼľѸٻԼһյͼֽϡ
Ҷͼֽ֮󣬻֮кȻը˿ϸСķһƬһСһظīĽϡ
ɫĽΧˮת͹һһԾĲơ
ˣҶһ¯̽һתԱ׼õˮ֮У͵һɫĶ̽ðһɰ׳ˡ
ī̵ֶĽ̿ڵģг磬ȴƿǰǱֱбУţϸܵľУصĵУԵִһ쳣պζ
Ҷһ棬һְγ
ֶȻһ֮£һīصϬৣһʮ൶Ӵ̶Һ˸ںɫ⡣
Ҷؽ̵漴ڶ̵Աһ΢͹ɫӡ
ɫľǰ˽״ΧһȦǹͭɫͣһȦȴƳɣ˸ͻεƷ䣬һ֮
ֻʵ˵㣬ֻڶ̽ľġ
Ҷʦмصһյһ׷׾յ׭̿һ󡱷Ľɸ˸˺׾ȴܹٻֵܵһ˺ʮֵʵá
ڹոɣֻܰУһ׵ıѡ
Уһ׵ķͼֽӡģҶȴû㹻Ĳϣֻա
Ҫǿװԣҵ书ܸ졣Ҷ˽֮У漴˳˼
Ա߰ڷʮʻͻȵװֻõĲʵ̫һ㣬ֻͨİѣҶҲÿװǶʯİۣټ渽󷨣ֻҪǶ˺ʵıʯЩװ̾ǿ
ĶѾõĲˣҪЩ鱦￴ȥܲҵǶıʯ书Ⱦ͸ˣҶһ뵽ʱĴյ뽣Уת˳ȥ
صԼķ֮ϴˮ͸ɾ·Ѿ׼ˣǰҶ붼ġ
ƣ
Ȼߵû
ʲô𣿡Ҷʵ
⴫˹ܼҹүүˣȥء
ҶɫٿȻָ࣬΢΢
һص֪ˣҸһȥס
һ·ƹ˻԰᷿˴ʱҶȻԱߵĹܼһЦ


015 ıı
ܼҶʱһ飬·Ыһ°㣬ɫ৵һ£ɷס
а˵Цݣ̾ҶͥԺ֮ǼֻĲˡ
սľģҶЦ񽥽תˣصû˵ҵĻɣ
үûУûУǸʮҲҡܼȶͻͻزţԴСף
ûоͺáҶļ򣬺ܺƵЦЦʵ˵Ҳûйϵ
Цݲùܼʺ
Ƥϻ˺¡
е̴ľϣɫ㲵ҶֻǲսĶˡ
Ҷλ檣ҶҶĸףҶ꣬ĸȴȻ޹ʧ٣Ӵ˾ûϢϷ˾Ѹײڶ֮Ƽ޸Ҷռ˶ƽ޵֣һҶأ
֮⣬Ҷң֥濣Ҷĸ븮֮Ů֮⣬ҶûˣҲûҡ
ҶҶĸһֱĹԴҶֵҲʮֵĹģֻŮûŮڸеλҲߣֻĵҶţĶ˶ûʲôвŮ˵ǴϣҲö¹ֻ֣һֱҶΪжѡ
Ҷжʱӿһ⣬һʱ֮ڣĶǾǶڹ뷿Уҳˡ
ҶǰҶѿɫѿˡ
ΪѾ͸ҶҶվԼǰȴһθоҶĳǸ
ҶҵļѧԨԴһλھĸ֣Ϊٵ֣֮Ҷҵȱѵֻڹ⹦ԶΪµ񹦷տޱȣҶӵ׾ǶҶѾʮȻֻʮͷģڶ̶һµʱ޾ѾȾ˵˪ס
ҶץʱԾڼ֮У漴˸뿪˸ۡһֱòԻУҶûһֻյĵط尾һ¡
Ҷзų֮ͽѲиȥˣһʮ죬Żˡ
ҪһֻҶ뿪ۡΪֹڻѾû취ҶѾѼֵõ׶죡
̶̼ʱ䣬ػܿĻΪҶͱɱ⻹ɱ֮ʬʾڣְƤֲݣʵ̫ݡ
ţҶĶչˣҶһʼɫƵĹܼңŪ˶еĴСūϢ֮ͿʼµˣǼһϵūͱҶ˽ڣ̷֮һɱȻʾڣл˶һܼңһֶζʱͰҶ𵴵⽹ۣһʱҶণĻ̻̣ǶһϵūͣҶһԼڶԼһƤ͵ùҶԺڵĵϡ
һڼնļ˫Ķ˳ױˣΪڵҶͲÿһ壬ԼӵݣֱӲݺߵūϣһͱȥͰ͸նһ롣
ûնĶ˾͵ڱϵ˴书
ͨҶնĶҲ׺ˣҺҶͻֻɳĸæҶסҶ쵰
Ҷ֪ҶɱӺҲܹҶڵ飬ֶҲδ̫Ѫˡ
عˣҶǿѹŭ𣬵㣬ȥˣ
ǣȨҶɫƽһ¿ˮ̵ģòǶջҵưɣ
ҶǰѾʼֱ½ˣҶٲҲһ¶ҶжٺɫҶŪߵҵƣҶһؾͲùҪ˵Ҷˡ
ȨҶ⸱ģжʱһĨŭصΪʲôҪɱ
ΪعءҶĮȻ
ҶҲѹסͷŭ͵һӣŭڲھȻҸҽأ
ҾǽأҶ͵̧ͷصǶﵨҷ˹أΪӣһȨҰüҷףŲţ㿴ҸҲң
ҶȻһǿҵƣһĨǰײб壬ʱҶɫٿȻɷף統ͷµһͰˮ˸͸ʱͷŭ
Ȼ˵ôᡭӣҶؿ·ڿһİ˰㣬૵ص治ţɱˣȻô̵ֶΣʮ갡
ҶЦˣ¶һѩ׵ݣҶٿȻ


016 ҶҵĽ
ף˶ǻıġҶһֻǷţֻҲǸϣ͵Ůô¶ɵóȻˣôɱѷصūţʲôǰ̫ҶĹˣȴлбɱȨѧԼȨҲݺ֮ǰϸ˼һµҺ
ѾˣȨҲᱻգҶһ鴤ʹٸôҾͰ㡭
ڼ𣿡ҶʱЦﰡ˵ˣҲϡ
ҶɫٿȻɷףʵʵصһ
ʱ˶ԣһУҶۼֱǴ治ˡ
ףõкܺڣоľǾһֱһҲһٷͻᱻҹͻһɱֳɱǡȴˡҶѾҽһ㣬صʶһ飬һ˵ϣǺܲ׵һ£ԼҲ⣡
֮鶼Ѿˣһָڼиƨã
ףװ׵ĸ㣬ǰûʶȨҪԣŻʧȥѪܵĽѵʶˣôʱʧȥˣҲֶҶҲһʱҵȨҲջأҲҪ衣
Ҷ·ͻȻ⵽׻ɫٿȻɷף˫͹˳ر۾
ԹôҲ飬ƽһֱͶ㲻ùϵĿõģӲɵģң־˵ѣô㣿ڡ⵽ôˣôˣ
ҶȻЦˣЦף֪ѵôӺСʱҾѾ֪żΣΪеĳӣ㣬е飬ǳڶĿٶԩҶǱϲǵģû뵽ǣҲȻΪһֻԣҲΪ㻳ҡҡԶɣ
Ҷ˻
ӦӱܵɣôҸɣôƭңƭԼ
Ҷͷ𣬴
ҶѾҶкȻеһı
Ȼ䣬֣ԼȻͽ֮ô᣿
ȻѵˣԴ֮ǸˣѾܾûôĵ̸ˡ
⼸췢̫ԾҲ̫ͷۺʧˣֶܹδҵеÿһ£üⰴ趨ÿһڲתȴʼ޷ԼԸƵشӺͰ֮ĹϵҶȻչֳıײкͶ˺Ȼչֳⶼеһִڵ𾪺һı
غڣԼڷµʱ򣬾Ȼѡһ˳ȥöں֮һµĿ̡
Ǹ컻յһ£̥ǵһ£
ԴҶµзų֮̾ͺˣҶ㲵ģҵͷ£˫һ͸оԼ׵Ʒ·һкǧо޷Ҷ˫˸ſ¹â۾
ԣԸԼںһ꣬ԼɵĶ
ҶĬãɬصҰȥһʱ䣬꣬಻꣬һ¡
ҪҶдնľȻףΪ峤ЩΪڱѾˣЪһЪѾˣн֮
Ҷ͵̧ͷҪִ󲻿𣿡
ó´峤ҲȨƷģҵ󲻵İڸҪҶ΢΢ЦˣȻˣȻҶӵܣҶӵܵĽݲʩ֣
罣ʣѾǼѪѪˣػ
Ҷһ׶Ĵ̹ǵʹһ˲·ʮһ㣬ؿҶ
ҶĬƬ̣ףһ⣬ܶ꣬ûд𰸣һ㣬ңĸģ
ҶɫٿȻɷס
ĬƬ̣۾ػ˻ֵаµʱ䣬͸ˣЩ㲻ҪٶʣҲٶ˵㲻밲ˡ
Ҷǿִŵʵûлشҵ⣬ﵽ
ˣҹȥҶŭץ˲豭ͳ˹ȥ
ףౣذɡҶת˳ȥ
ҶŵذϵƬãŷһĳ̾
ݰѾ͸ˣû뵽ôҶŷ̾һ˶Һû

ҶȻ̤õʱԱߵĻ԰кȻһ
үɡһɫȹ˹
Ҷĸ޶ѾߣҲҶ֮һ
̡Ҷͣס˽Ųص
һֱ͵Һ͸̸
֥ʱЩ֪ȰүүʵԭӵģֻС֮󣬾״̬һ첻һ죬үүʵҲܿġ
Ҷְޱ顣
֥еС㣬ĸףȻѾô꣬ûиĿڡ
үҺ濶ǱСµģСǶɽִչҪС㣬һҲ˵СĻ֥ɫ£С㵱ڼҶҵʱƺĿľͲôģСǺܶĶҿδѣϣٲү̫ʧףЩԶ޷ġ
֥ĵص
Ҫ˵ˡҶȦ죬漴ͺ
֥ƽؿϣ㲻ҪȥԹү
ԹΪʲôҪԹѾûиоˡҶЦһôεĸף˺ʧ
үҸоõүϵĶ̫ˣԶԶ󡣡֥Ȱϣܹүһ¡
Ҷʣÿɷҡҡͷ̴̣֮Һúչҵܡ

ҶҶ֮߳һ·񾩳鱦ȥ
͸֮鲻ûУĸ飬ҲЩС֮ͽ쳤վõĥǾһٺ󣬸ҲܺǰƫƭƺʶԼĴɱΣƺЩҪͽζ
ҶҲǰǸҶձǹɽԸȻն˸׵֦
ԼĳޣԼҶձ巶


017 ˱ʯ
ȶˣưɣò̫ˣһ죬ǷҵһУһֻ
Ҷʵĸƣа˶ġ
Ǵľǣֵʥڳ̫ƽʢʱ＾ڣʮִֵַ͵̸ʮֵǷ֮˷Ϊ֡
ҶΧĻеĳҲƺ˲١
λүҪռһ𣿡ԱߺȻһɤš
Ҷתͷһֻȶ˶ٵռ̯ӣһƾɵľ棬һ¹ϡŹƷ̫ţӥһĳָ׵צӶҶУһЦ¶ڲȱȫݡ
ƾ㣿ʲôҶ֮Աǵص
ռûв´ովһ֮֡
Ųỹãһ֮£Ҷͷŭһ¾ʹˡ
Ҳݣĺ²Ŷǧͷ̯̫ŶѶſˣ
Ҷģǿ߷̯ĳ嶯صֻ˵Ϣͨϵ˵ռ
ռһ˫軨˸žĹâֿûʣݵЦˣƳԼָ̯Ա߼棬ҵһѲ֪ɵƷʵôҪüתһתô𾴵ĹүкܹܶƷأҪ࣬ͭҾͿˡ
ЩֵֻͭҵⲢҵݣţѾ񾩳ǵĹ෹̸ˣ㻹ұЦ𣿡ҶŭЦ
Ϊһ壬ЩȻ޷ƥ߹ݣǾһ˱ʯɣռ˻ƵظЦһɲĵص
˱ʯҶ۾һȻϷܹ֮ӱＸʺƷʵļˡ
ѵе˱ʯҲܹԼ
Ҷвֹ

ռſҶԥˣҲҶķԣûץ˼ռõĹƣףװģذŪһ£漴ɫص˱ʯÿڵͬÿ˱ʯҲͲͬҸոոռһ£ʯ౦ʯ
ޣִ·ɫ֪ʶҲƭҵǮҶݺݰһۡ
תҪߣȻռŸ¸µعЦЦдޱȵĵ⡣
𾴵ĹүòҵռöɣΪݣȥͬЦġ
㣡ռųϵԱ֮ʩҶӶˡ
룬ҶǺݺ׸һתˡ
ˣţ㣬û֣šܹʵıʯҶͳһѩŵǰζ
ȻȻˣκαʯʵЧЧõıʯĪ޵ľˣԱѩˣ軨֮УҪ˧˧Ҷˡ
޾ˣ˵ϸһ㣡Ҷ۾һ漴ʵ
ͬԵľˣԵ޾ˣܹӹͱľԵľʺņµصҪ޾𣿿ϧ˲ôģֻе챦իġ
Ҷϣתͳȥˡ
¸¸£Щү־°Լȱҧҧִһڣڶ

񾩳ǵǳר鱦Ľֵ
Ҷѭ·;һ·רŷ鱦ֱ֮ӱ챦ի
챦ի㲻ʷƾõģȴġ
֮еĹ̨ϷȼŹƣɢ͵ĹâΧҫĵƻ̨ͨðˮƳɵģ͸̨棬ֱӿ̵ĸ鱦ڵƹ½ӳ
ڲ̵ϰ̧ͷһҶ̶Цݣһ̵˹ڵصӭ٣ү
λүҪʲôĵıʯ
ҶشҲЩñʯҪ޵ľˡ
ϰһ漴޾ˣ־˵ļ۸ܰ󣬶ɷ涨
žһɫƽ𿨣ϡ
ϽҶ϶еĽ𿨣Ҷҵ̺ǮҶӵܵݵġ
𣿡Ҷص
ϰɻؽӹһʱһСܵشӹ̨˳ҶǰԭҶҵĴүʧʧ
˵ڵذҶ뵽ԱһС֮Уڵظ׼Ĳˮ͵ġ
ҶݵضɳϣһϸƷţ棺ϻ˵ǵõ޾˶ó
Եһ£Ͼͺáϰ岻ҵæһ̶ܻص̨ȥƬ֮һ̴ֻľĺ˹
ҿ˸֮͵Ĺӿ̳ռ䡣
ֻʮԼĪи뵰СĶ⾧壬бɫġзۺɫġеɫġɫģɢĹâ
ڳʹзУ֮¶ԼضŹǵĹλþγһξˣֱγɵľ̺֮˱Ѱʯǿ
Ҷүľˣһħ̵ľˡԱߵϰڵؽܵ
Ҷϰ˰ֵȥҲϰ߱Աߴ
ǣҶүС˲ˡϰæȥ
ҶݣǲһɣϾҶҵأðҶӵܵˣҶҸҲŹ֣õҶʲôС
ҶмеļžУкȻŷһ˾棬һܵݷ̾ͳˡ
ħ̵ħˣԣ15
ǵħˣԣ12
ħˣľԣ30
ħ̺ͱǶһޣħٶȺ鳤ϵޣȴԿ񱩺͹ƣ޶ΪսǮ֣̺ķԪֻṩǸʣܲԵķ
һֱ˯ڳռеºȻ˹·ᵽʲôһ㣬ʼĳռ֮б겻ţʱطˡ


018 ħǶ
󡭡µĽ
𣿡Ҷüͷһ壬̾ʹӳռ˳Ӿ֮һ˫۾ɵԲģػһ漴ѾϿ˼ȦȻǰסһľˣһ
һӨӨĹ濪ʼ֮һŵ̹⽥ڡ
ľ˽һըѳ˷顣
󡭡漴ֱסһž
ֽľϵ޾֮µСƤѾ͵ùĹĵˡ
ԴҶҲۣҶǾʮ֮һٵʲôҲٲǮɾˡ
¿ʼɿڿмٷ˺üȦ֮ǵҶգСͷȻֺһŤֺ½ϸϸ紺˿һ㣬Сϸ΢ȫ¶Ϣ
СòҪɣҶеļӰԲ򣬴ƺϸ΢
ŹֵСͽɣϽǿһЩҲܹˡҶҡҡͷ漴̧һУͰСԼĳռ֮С
СһֱֻԽʱһͽ׳ѣǾһͬҶǱʶ͸ȴѾСԼһ㡣
ûСһֱԱƣҶʸ޷ڵļκҹ
ҶħһǶԼոĻϣֻͭıȽϴֲڵģֻ汻俪ۣ۵ΧһȦ׭˾ϸµķͼƣרǶħ˵ġ
Ƕվô򵥵ģǶʯĻϣԣҪͱʯܹ˵ľԵľˣͱҪǶˮˮԵĻϡ
⻹ҪʮֺķͼֺˣֻǶıʯܹò˥á
ͼǻĵĶûзͼۼϵħôϵ̺ħͻὥӷţͻȫһѷʯ
Ҷӳŷħ̵ľˣϸ۲ž˵ĳɫ
ħ鳤ϵޣݣԶħ̸ӵѻľħ̵ľϸԣݣҲһӳɡ
룬Ҷħ̵ľǶһŰ۵棬۴һһɫԪعⲨ˳ͼˮһɢתۼ˻еķͼơ
ֻɫʱտտɫ󣬱һưĹ
书ҪǿʡݺҪǿ־뾫
ħǶɹ
ħ̻15*310*3
ǻ16*39*3
ɹˣû뵽ȻôǿԡҶдϲû뵽Ƕ⼸ž˵ĻԼĸԻô࣡ǰӱŪװҪǿоľˣȻܹôԣ
Ҷ漴Ȳذװˣ۾ϸظװȫ´¸ܡ
ˣҶȻһ̴ˡ
غϰ̵ߵߵ˹
ϰ忴ϵıľ˷ĩ֮̾ʹһ£ʵҶүǡ
ãҾҪŷħ̵ħ˺һǵħˣոջľˣҸոŪˣһ㵽ϰɡҶһ»󣬵漴еƿȥ
ǣǣܹǰӣСϾȥȡϰҲҶʣͷص
ֻҪǮܼҾȨ
ϰһֹţһ˽ȥˡ
Ž𿨣ֱӾ͵Ҷҵ̺Ǯ񾩳ڵŵֺŵĴŵĹүˡ
Ҷ˹̨棬棬͸ˮ͸̨ϸıʯ
ЩʯҲӲԣ渽ӵԱȽȫ棬ҲȽƽȫ޾øӼˣЩʯ;öҪ޾Ҫǿöࡣ
žҶͷϸоһ£üͷ
ӴⲻҶҴү𣿡ԱߺȻһĹֽУ˵Ϊ͵Ů˵£ڼˣôû
ҶתԵһŻ꣬ŵɵĸϰҡһɽˮī߽˵ëûٵС߾ȻѾŮˣһҪˮжˮСݣɰѸҶʼɵĸܸܵġ
Ҷɿɨӹʶеļ֮ɫʱһ䣬ǰʸϣǻʸҵ峤ĵӣʦ֮竣Ϊ˰ԵţǣҶּҽϵϺ˶ŭֻ书δ޳ɵҶ
ϸ˵֮ҶоȻӿһɶʼɡ
˱ˣĹЩëûأѾʼæ檹¥Ҷ̵ϷҸŮˣҶӵ֮ǰ򶼵ʵʵشڸµһׯ԰Уͷ׶̹ɰϰ䣬˽аְ䳡ϰͷĴƤޣһ˵á
һգϰĹ̨صϰ壬ҪԼĹ̨ǧ˶˵ֿɲɾ
һȺӵǶʱϵعЦ֮¡
ϰɫʱúѿֻǺɵؿޱҶһۣΨΨŵŵ֮漴תˡ
Щ֮ԼСﻹ֪һЩȽϺãЦҶЩӵܵȨûʸȥԽȨ
ҶתɨӹЩӵܣĹӵЩܲҶƣʱͷ
һٳԲӣ壬ҶӵܵĽƣһ뽫ҶȱͶɵġ
ҶֱԽ˻ʸϣȺЦòĹӵܣָỮһߣ˵ͷ˭֣ٸЦһԣ
ҶɣܵȻû˿֮Դгвȴüͽ׹ӵȴһӱҭסˣһɿ˼εֹסЦ
ƵҶҺ¹ĻʸŻ൱ҶԻʸ޿κΣʰЩСȴ׾ٵ顣


019 
Ҷϱ֮ͨߣԼȷǻƽƾ󶼸Ҵչܹ»ζһС۴ĿУظʸͷƤӲӲܴЩСҵڡ
Ҷ漴תɵĻʸϡ
ʸҵҶ֮£ЩСҪʱʱ̿ҶҵıʸǲҪҶġ
ʸϣְ׳ռݺҲֻͬİ׳ղŻšҶֵ־С˿Ϊ⣬ػؾڲǷų𣿡
ҵȻˣܴһ£ﻹˬġʸһĨ񶾵ɫҶļҶְ벻ȻȺã˵ȶҲǵһŮ¿϶ǲһ㣡
ÿҶһһεر䣬ص
ʸ϶ʱоͷһҪ˼漴Ա߸ԼǣԼȻѾϴ󣬾;ܶӡ
뵽ʸϵĵʱһ׳
ӴǺǣҶְ벻㾭һ֮󣬻ôʸϺٺһЦûÿ£յߣëķˣƾʲôΪһ㣿
ëķô
ǰޱȵӣҶͷŭƵӿžһǽڱ죬սȭͷ׼ʱ򣬵ϰҴææ˹
ʸϼҶһֱУʱеҲȤˣ漴ٺЦһתһӵֺȥˡ
׷ʲôˣҶʵ
Ҷүϰսս߽˹ңֵԵúܿɥ
ôˣ˵Ҷʵ
ϰɫѿһڿˮҶүҸոȥҶҵ̺ȥˡĽѾѾˡ
˵ʲôҶпŭһѾסϰ壺ôܣҵĿôᱻ
ǡĿȷˣСľĵӣҲƭϰҪˣͣضµ
Ҷϵļ⿪ʼҵؾˣͷŭʨӰ˼
Ⱥ侮ʯϹײģϰӣϰǻңڹ꣡ˣҲ١Ҷҧгݣһڣֹ̾סˡ
ϾЩϼһﶼԼĳԼڱϾҶҵˣ漰ˣӦý
ڻҵôҶǿѹסͷŭص
ңңϰæ
ͬʱһöҶı
Ҷٺα˼µ˲ϵҶݣϵõġһȹװŮӺȻ˹촽۲ӯӯЦҲ̫ˣֻǼų׵޾˶ѣСܲҲܳܵôҵ¹ȥɲһķŶ
Ů˹һ˫ˮĴ۾ؿҶ
ԱߵϰһԼҵС߳һվһߡ
ҶŮ񾲾գȻоЩϤɿɨԼļ֮Ѹӿͷļ䣬ʱһ
߲ѵļҪһطȥˡ
߾ȻҵŮӣŮ֮һӰ
ԭ鱦̵ϰ壡
ŮĻ⻹ҪģҪǣŮҶĳˣҶ׷һĶгǼףĸһضĹˣʱŻ粢ҶٻǰӰһ޵дߡ
ҶоԼһö˶ˡ
ԭҵС㡣ҶɫЩϣεصǸӰС㣬ܲЩʧˣû뵽ҶһʧƣȻ䵽εز
ûϵӰɫƽصƽ֮գǳ̲֮ʱ
Ҷڨڨʵôᡭ
ҵĲҵѾˣѵ֪ôӰɫ񾲣
ˣҶʱһ
ӰɫƽӦҾܾ֮ɡ
ҶʱĬȻʱ˿̣Ҳ֪˵Щʲôźˡ
ʮһʡ͵ĵƣʸִʦĶĳֳȴִʦ鱦УΨҶûʲô֪Ĳҵ
Աߵ鱦ϰľ׮һվţҶĽ𿨣۰Ͱ͵سҶֳ˳ɫƽС㣬һ㷲ģ
ô죬ô죿
Ȼ䣬Ҷͷһ˽ŵʱǸռţ˵Ļ
˱ʯ౦ʯ
౦ʯǶܸܲһıأԼ׳һĳ̶ȣԼȻȥʸҵĶĳ
飬׼ô죿Ҷһ
ûϵ㲻ʲôҶӣҪ˹顣ӰᵭЦһĵ硣
û˿Ӻͳһ˿Ҷܸж
ȻȻܾҶҶһĺøеģҲҶĴԣֻǶλѹӵǱʾ
Ҷձ巣ﶼǽģȻûгͱӣһĨ֮ɫȴһһ㣬ݺδ˿ϡ
Ҷһ鴤صȻܵǾͶһЩɡ
Ӱü΢ʧЦŶôҶֿСʲôˣ
ˡͶһЩɣʱСһ㣡Ҷҧҧת漴ָָˮ̨µɫʯݺݵصϰ壬õ౦ʯȡ
ϰʱ¶ɫҶλѹӵѾտʼǰʹˣһºתۿԼҵС㡣
ӰȴԵشһ£û뵽ҶƤȻ֮
漴һЦûϵȡɣҶүòǮûϵС꣬ѾǺܸˡ
Ҷ棬صóɡ
Ҷѿɫϰ廹Ƕ߶µذ⼸౦ʯȡ˳һ۵ظҶ
Ҷתصڣ౦ʯǶˣȻ󽫻Լˡ
˱ʯǶɹ˼9
һϢȻʶ֮С
Ҷһĵذװˡ
С㣬ģһСʱ֮ڣҶСѣǵˡ
ҶǸֵϰ壬صȻ߳˹ҡ


020 ɱķ
񾩳ԶļķǻʸҵĲҵ
˿̺ĶĳУҶȻضڶһˣȻӣķԱߴׯҡӡ
ʱ˿̣ҶѾѻĳ룬¶ѻһСɽĿ

ׯҶͷ亹죬ɿַҡӣӷתѣ
Ҷһȣһ£СɽسǰһƣݺݵƵˡ
ׯŻдŰ󣬿ĮȻҶһŰ׾϶亹£ӵϸ͹
˻ʸҵĶĳ֮Ҷ漴ͰһǮޣȫ˳ڶĳϰıӵ֮£һٵĳӡ
ҶΪֹ˲ʮѣÿҶȫѹг롣
˵ҲˣҶÿѶѹӮѹСӮСĳ֮нҡĸֶûҶһ˫۽𾦡
ֻ֮䣬ҶĳͿʼϷʱǰͶѻСɽߵһѵĳ롣
ĳѾ쳣ƺ붼ü
еĶĿ͵עǰӮǮˣΧĿ֮дޱȵĳ羴
ҡѣҶׯһֵ̿ӣݷ϶мһݻׯ֣̿亹ʪϵĽۣľ
ҡׯҶ߶µػζӣһϡ
Ҷɣһ°СɽسƵСϡ
ҡӵׯҵһͷ϶亹£ҡҡ׹ָܶˡ
ͬʱׯҺȻ򱳺ʹһɫ
ҶȻ˼ٵĽŲһҶĺλãλүôˣǲЩˣҪҪǹϢһ£
ҪҪǻʸҿĶĳүʸǻ쵰ءҶصʮˣޱһصһϰеذƿĻԸ
˵Ҷذ΢΢һ£ԱȴĵΧһȺˡĿࡣ
ڳеĶĿͽʵʵصһ굽˭ôţ棡Ȼʮ֮һеĻʸҶ
Ҷ񻺻ɨǰ߹Ĵ֣ص˶Ǻðһֱ֪һ𰸣񾩳ڣǻʸ˶࣬Ҷҵ˶࣡
Ҷңĳϰɫһݣ̽ؿڵʣǡ
ҶޱشӻгһϽɫƽ𿨣žһ˦ϣ쳣ɨӰ˷
ɫθƽᣬγһ˶ġҶ֡
ѾʧȥĹܣǹؼʱó˻ǲġ
ڳеĶĿͶʱȻǰ꣬ȻǾʦʮеҶϼү
һȺǳˮӿٴγˮȥ
ԭԭҶҴүˣ붯ֵĶĳϰ̾˰ˣæͷصʧʧ񣬼ȻҶүˣǣһҪҶү˶ǣֻǡҶүСǸŻʸһ췹Եģܲܡ飬ǼүìܣЩСΪѣ
ҶذŪϵĳ룬㻹ʸ˵仰ĳˣջʸĳ˵仰ࡣ
ҶҵүװƾȨ
Ҷүˣء
ƵˣһԽǺǺǣ벻벻ҶҵĽүȻҲλĵĶ֣Ҷĳλ򳡵ĸ֣ʸս
һڵ׽Ƶӻ˹ЦؿҶ
ԭǻʸҵˡҶĵذŪг룬־һףҲһۣص
ʸս˹ļ򣬴ЦҶֵܣǸĵܻܵʸ㣿
ûʸϵȷˣһʹʱרŸһϽһѡҶеĳ룬˹ˣǹԲҵֶΣܴǻʸҸĵط𣿡
ҶʱϵЦݾһһ㣬Ļʸս΢΢һݡ
ʸսЦǺǵصҶֵܣ˴ˣҵܻܵʸĵطǸˣ˵ˣҲǽˣҪֿˣҳҲÿҶֵܷģȥԻѵҶֵܺúóһڶ
ôѵԼ£ҲĹˣһɽƱҶһḧһϵıʯǼһʸϣԺϻڵ£ȻүǻʸҵĶĳ
ʸս׹һ漴תͷϰͺȵȥ룡
ǣСϾȥϾȥϰ
Ҷ֣뵽ЪϢһ°ɣǺúõġʸսЦЦ̧һƣ漴תĳϰ˸εơ


021 ˭ЦûЬӣҰȳӣ
߽˹ڣ
ʸսһֻǶҶһȡ
Ҷһڡ
ҶͷӦó˰ɡʸսɫ
Ҷޱص⻰ʲô˼
ʸսƬ̣˵ͷ
ǰ˵һԢԣһΪԼûЬӶһû˫ȵˣ̾ͱˣҶֵܣڻûдЬӣΪС£ǻʸҵĶĳȴ㱻ȳӣӦ˰ɣʸϵصЩ飬ܹ̫
˵û˭ҳЦûЬӣҾͰȳӡҶص˵ˣ˾ĶĿͣǻʸҵĿˣ
ô룬ǧõĶ𣿡ʸսҶ۾ʵ
˼Ҫ𣿡Ҷشһͱ˵ζ
Ȼˣ˭ʣҲҶҵˣֻҪҶҸҶģ˵ǧٶһǻʸҲܹܵ𡣡ʸսЦһҡҡָҵ˼ǣҶֵܣѾǳ˷ͷܲܶ飿ʵ˵ǮͷûʲôģҲոսֶĳͱ˸˳ӣҶֵܣ¹ڼԺǰ;⣬ΪһԼӣҵӵҲνҪҵķ룬˵ãǾ͵ô̵ˡ
ҶٳĬʸսУѾһĨ
ɱ֮ĵ
˲·ɱ˸ĸʸսܱɳƹôĲҵȻй֮й֮ҲǻѪͺˮġ
ҶĻǰ̣ôʸսضԼһս
飬ȻԡҶָصӣһɽƱ⣬֪ǻʸҵļѧԨԴһҪн׶Ʒ书ؾô
Уû⣡ʸսҲ֪Ҷʽȱľȣ漴ĵһӦ漴һ䣺ҶԸ⣬һʸңҲ԰һ鷳
ˡҶЦԼĳ𣬴Ҫֱˣ
ҶֺǣԤˣֻҪ֮ˡʸս΢΢һЦ˸ָԱߵһ̸ӣʸս̷Ը˼䡣
ӷɿسȥˡ
Ƭ֮һŮһ̴ֻľϻ˹һɫڽĽƱ
ЩƱȫõ۹رĹգڽ֮г˿Ƴɣʵصǹ룬ˮ֣Զīӡдɣī͸ֽɵѰո޷ð
Աߵһ֮УǷɫžɵƤᡣ
ħߴ򼼡˻طơˤṦнƷ书书
ʸսؽܵϣҶ֮󣬲Ҫ׵⴫нƷ书ˡ
Ҷ˹˾ɨһۣٺЦʸ֣㻹治һгⰡǲҶ׾
ʸսѵõһ¡
ħߴ򼼵ҲˣȷͲĹ򣬶˻طƺͽˤ֣ȴִĹʮֵʦأʸʩչʮֺĹ
ˡҶĵתһָϵĺʯָ׼ЩƷһץ
һѸٷЩƷֻһӣ֮еĶץԼĿռ֮С
ʸս¶ôһжʱһĨ֮ɫɫ̱
Ҷسһۣһƿӣһת߳˹ҡ
ֺشӹ˳֮ΧŶĿͶ쳣𾪵ͳ羴ɫ
ʸսҶֺ뿪ʱģɫʱһתһߵ̰ѻʸǸ쵰ҽй죡
ʸսӿŭ
Ǹ΢һͷתһӰ档

ҶѵĽƱʱüˡ
һ·ǣл߽ҵ鱦֮С
ӰתϸϸؿʼҶ·ǵһʶҶһ㡣
ӰҶмĿ
վԱߵĵϰ壬Իƽǳ̲ҶٸǾˡ
ǰҶδѣڼϿȴֲʧɵĽ̵ѾѬճ˳ԽķţֳŵĹϵõͳһû˿˸оһּ䴿ĸ߹Ϣ
Ҷȴ̥һ㣬˿νɣźåͬһɫģˡ
ѾԭڹеĹŮĥϸ緢ȷһΣֻҶü㲺ҡ
Ҷľһ츲صĸıɡ
ǱڵأҶǽģܵеǿ
С㣬ûСҶصôǺģңǾеˡ
͹ˡӰǿڳһ΢ЦϲҶ٣ˡ
ӰС鹫˽˽ǻȽ˰ɣܹǮҶüģһƱݸ˼ɫ׵鱦ϰ壬
ˡ鱦ϰŬظһĭȶڴӣܹǰǧӡ
ҶóŽƱǾ򣬶Ķ͸ˣò˵һ䣬ķҺ⡣
лҶүлҶү鱦ϰϲŽƱײײ˳ȥ
Ӱ۲תЦҶٻǳִء
Ҷ³һ漴صӰҲлл㣬лĻһҪ׷㡣
ƶ죡ӰһĨ죬һڡ
лĻͲٶ˵ˣҶԺлչһСͺáӰü̹еش
ҶŪеľˣƬ̣ʵǵڣ˾ˣһЩϡ𣿱˵֮ͭġ
Ӱ۲һתЦҶүҪĶǵȷУ
˵С㣬ҲϲۣҲóۣ㲻Ҫɱ̫ݾͺá
Ӱ˵ͷ鱦ϰ˻֡
ӰԱ߾ƹȡһƿƣ˻浭ɫľҺȡҪһʱ䣬Ҷ٣Ⱥɡ


022 õ𣬷Ų
鱦еĹڡ
ҶӰԶ
ҶӰζеȻ㻹ǵǳμô
Ҷ۲һصǵãǸʱҲʮ壬Ҳʮ壬ҸҲոǣ̫󣬸żгһϯᡣ
ǣĸֻǸ׵һûб檶ѣȴܳ谮ңĳ谮˵Ůʮʱ򣬾Ѿڸ׵Ĵ£ϯ磬ܶͬĹ궼׷ңȴһҲϣܾˣ㣬׶˵Ҷ峤ĳӣҲǹͬӵܵġֻңҲҪپܾˡ
𣿡ҶЦһ
ӰƮ¶廳֮ɫЦҵӡ̣Ҷͻʸҡҡҵͬӵܣоȫͬ
ôʲôͬģҶ˾ƱЦЦʵڲͬ㲻һܾô
ӰζžƱ¶һ˿Ц⣬ûͬ˵ĸ꣬ܳº͡񣬲ЦСˣ㽻̸ʱȴôĲѧţһٿȫ飬ҵĸоһЩ˶С㣬˵ĸоܰȫɿȴʼնͬ׽ҲҵܾԭҵЩ竣ԲžܾǣǺ֮ĸҺİУһҾܾ㡣
˵ζһеľƱ¶һ˿ƤЦ⣬ص˵ˣǸʱĻǺصģ㣬ȴһҲ档
˵úãһףҶʧЦһ
ڵӰľܾѾģˣҶʵ֮ȻȽҲȴû̫ںط֮İĸоѾʧо崺һڡ
ҪǣҶڵʱ򣬱˭ҪһţӰȴͼһѣһ׼ĵϵĳ
Ӱ񽥽ĮصΪԭŭ˸ףʧȥĳ谮ͱϵʼΪ屼鱦ϵ⣬ʱҲŽˣΪʲôҪ֮ŮôߵĴֻΪҵ̺ļֵ
ҶвЩأĬȻƬ̣ʵᵽ㡭ô
һ㲻ڡӰεչһֱۣ¶һĨĵЦ⣺㿴ȻǰУ㿴ҾӪ鱦жô𣡶ңƵıͱвͬûеƦšûйٸӰ죬ȻڵģܹΪ崴룬Ҹоĳʵ̫ˣ뿪һľ㲻ݣȴɡ
ӰתͷξˮȴˣҶȫһһʧȥǰţȴΣյϢһͬɣҶǻѣ˵𣿡
һ˫۾գҲգؿҶξһȪˮûв˿ʡ
ǣӰҶǽ㣬Ҹϣعϵһ
Ӱ΢΢ˣ漴̧ͷʵһŮӿԷŵ¶ͬҲԣ𣿡
ҶһԵضƱһһ
һ̣ܵӰĳֿһĵ̸ůġ
Щǽ⿪ĽῪܹģҶŹˣҲŹʯ
ʣѪأ˳𲻱ĲΪˡ
Һ㲻ͬҶĿͳʧȥֻһݳαӹ飬ʧȥĸ࣬ҫϡ顢壬
Ӱԣ漴̾Ϣһ˾Ʊ
֪Ҳ޷ҡҶľˣϾ˵ͬȻƣȴ˽Ȼ෴ĵ·
Ҷ˾ƺΪһ׾Ǽ峤ĳӣҶҵҫҶȱŻѪµģΪҶֻ֪ȶҶϼ֮£һֳܵΪҶϵĳӣһעΪ帶ģҪԼ޶öࡣ
ҾôִֵİĿȥʮʱڱͬӶˣʱҾڼгĽ̵֮£Щļ򣬰ټʥ͵伮ѧЩԼݵ֪ʶΪҶϳӣҽܹΪҶһļ̳ˣҲܶ˼ҫϡ
ҶҡžƱڵƹҫĹ󣬵صǺשһĵ伮ҶӲرˣҲͣڸԼҫϵһҾôģ⵱һص
Ҷû˵ٻӵôִţʹûи׹ػ£ôִŵظţֻ̫˵ʵı𣬽첻Ӧеز飬ûѡ񷴿̣ȻѡɱסһϺ棬ѡε
Ҫ˿µձȻ¹µصһλҰء
أں֮дǵһ£ȴҳ׿˵ΪʲôҪңΪҪԼĶӳΪӣ˳µؼ̳ҶϣҶϵЩϣΪʲô֧ңôΪҶϵĳǶҵĺôҵֱȴʲôûлһһйǰôĲ԰׺
ҶüͫѾ˰ɫ֨һ죬еĴžƱѾһţɫľˮ˳
Ӱɫһ
Ҷһֹһλ߽׵ĸˡ
ҶԼеĴžƱЦһԼ书ˡ񹦡ֵѾһ൱ֲľ磬ѹʷʴĴžƱоȻô
ǺǺǣǿЦƽòȻЩǣΪ˽˼ѵҵûеҪҴһ˱޳ֶܵΣסһһִ̣ص
ҶͷЦһԭֻǼµһ棬һ׳նѡ
ӰѾɱָӡ漴ʵôĸأ
ҶжȻһʹȻ۾
ΣŵصףѾɱκܶˡ
ۺһεʹࡣ
ӰˣΣ̾Ϣǵĸףװ
ҴûֹױɱΡҶתͷصǣֱĴۣǱݺ裬̤ĻôԸѡ񣬲ֶΡ
Ӱлİοһв򲻵ңҸӼҵĶ־
Ҷ΢΢У˸һḬ̃ϬĹâоһɲ
ô
ҶҡҡͷҪڵģжԲҵˡ


023 ͷս
Ҷ鱦д˳쳤һԹ
Ӱһ̸֮Ҷٸжջѹ֮ɢ롣
ӦǾϻ²Ŷǧ
ҶڻʸҵĶĳ֮Уһ𣬾һ޿ɱĶܻʸҶĳӵ֣ݺݺɨʸҶĳϢܿʹ񾩳ǹȦӣԱǰҶ͵СµϢѸ͵ٶȴ񾩳ǹȦӡ
Ҷһʵ֤ëķ˻Ƿˡ
ҶүϣʦǸеҶҵغǿ
һʱ񾩳۷׷ף֮£Ҷǰڼ巸µ͵Ҷһδװɵ˳֮£ȴѾ΢ˡ
ټҶ峤ĸҧ˵¼һ֮£ҶĶǱһҩϴˢ˴롣
¼УߵǾǻʸˣͷҶǰû꣬ص֮Ͱֳһٳ
ô˵ԼǺݺݳһ
һʱ䣬Ҷ̲ס쳤Цĳ嶯
һȺ侮ʯϲģҶһԼϷӡͷһŭ
ҶԽСʱһٵؽŲˡ
Χĺͬ̾ͱһӶӵĺ˸סˡ
˵߳һĻʸϣݺݵصҶ
Цǣϻӡġ
µծÿ죬ûдҶĿлعζžʹҶɨҶǻʸҶĳϯһʾ޿Ϣոջʸϱʸս˹ȥ֮󣬶û˵ھ͸⣬Ȼƿڴһ٣˳вһ٣ҪٸҺ־ͽŵµׯ԰ũȦһӡ
ҶϺֻЦݣʸս־治С
ʵҶıԲϲˣҽҵĺô˼Ҵҽ⣬ҶļҲڼȭܹԣֱɱȭֵ֮Ƥëĸãǰ˴ܵʱϲɵ¾һ˺ᵶضµУſڣһ˸ɷһȺ˲˵һȺƯüľֻһαүү֪֮үӲûʦϵ书Żˡ
ȴǲͬǰϵͳͽϵͳһȼϣҶڳҲֻ׶ѣȫڸƼ񾩳Ҳᱻ˴ˣ˴ˮĵطѧʵںѻ졣
ҶŸ첲ƵصʸҵˣϢˣȻܵ½ң
٣Ҷģ㴿ܵǼҶĳ¶Բԣʸɫ𺣬ҧгݵص
˵ģǻʸ¿ĶĳѵģҶ¶һ˿Цӿ˳Ǯģ˾ĶĿͣ
ʸҧгݵص˵ڱŲ㲻ܻ뿪񾩣
ǺǺǣҲܻ뿪񾩣ô
ҶЦһص͵һתٿȻ֣ץʺ
ҺҶ֣ʸû뵽Ҷô죬ʱһֵҶȻǰ̤һ·˲һ㣬ּ̧ץ
ʸԾңʸҲӵеĴˣκɫͿഺڵӣҶʦڷ츳ϽţˣֵȫһϣǰͲҶĶ֣Ȼ͸ǰ״ˡ
æȭ˫ȭ֮£һǿķ󵯿ˡ
ҶȴǷһУסһѾסʺЦëķˣҲֲݼƵģ
ʸ϶ʱϣͷҶҡ
ſǼԱ߼ʧɫѸٳ˹ҶΧסˡ
ҸңΪʲôңҶٺЦʸϣɱǲҵģҪһָҶһֵסģŲţҸҲң
Юס˻ʸϵָָ͵һһ֣˸°͸°͵ˡ
ʸϿɲܾĥҲɫӲ̾ͺûֵطĲҽС׵һ㡣
ʮָģʹɲһܹܵģʸˢˢ˳
ԱߵһӵǶʱŵɫҰףһˡ
Գ̥ܹĥʹʸ϶ʱɱĲҽҶ֣Ҷ֡лú˵
İɣȻҽҪšһָҶָһһؼصģҾ֡
ҡҡģҶ֣ңʸϺ
ޣпãһҶЦһһ࣬͵һˤ֮£ʸ϶ʱŵôһ˶ʱƼƤڴһ˳ȥ
ڻʸ׼ƨƽɳʽʱԱ͵һýӰ̧סۣһһ֮£ѻʸϸط
ʸϾδžˣԱߵŭǸʲôԵģűү˴
ոճֵޱصүոǯָָ֣Ҫסˡ
ҲܣҺݺݵĽѵʸļҪ裬漴񶾵صһҪǰҿͷ
Ҷ֮ͫкȻһ⣬漴
ǰߣĳȣɫ𪣬͸Ѿ߰˽׵Ϊ
ߵΪѾ壬Ҳֻǹѣֲܹɱս
ҶȻҲ㣬Դսֿ֮һʶ֮Ȼ
ү֮Ӧһ˹
ָһһ֮£ɫָ⻺ӿ
ҲǸүܵмˣЩүִ֮磬Ϊ˸ԼүӣѶԷƸĽų죬˲棬ӾѾ㹻ˣҪ˲֫Ϲǵĺ֣ԼүֵܹסԼСϺȴԳܲ˶Էŭ𣡾Ի֮أ
ҶͷҶҵķ˵ѾǵǲʮɫףѲɷĻǧƣȴһͷĿåźĹǣּҪҲҪ竲µġ
ҪǣĶС
Ҷޱ飬һ΢΢һξ롣
ڸбչʮУҶġȭѾʵѾ׵ľˣսе绢
漴һĵذѸոװǶħ˵ķ̻ͱǻװԼˡ
һȰԵһ鶯Ѹٱ鲼ȫˡ


024 ˲ɱ˵
װװҶоԼʵϾѾ˵ʵƽˡ
ӥץָһ̽ζȻεضӥһڿշ˫չӥ
Ŷʮָƿյ繳罣һ㣬ץ˫硣
ӥץһƷһ׵ĸսǿ͵ļܡ
ԣûаҶӵܵ书ֱӾ׼ˣҲԸ֣ϾҶҵʵ̫󣬵ҶңԼֻСϺ֪ôġ
Ҷһ٣Ȼһڽһܾ㣬ͻһƯơ
˷Ĳ֮˷˶ķһѸޱȡǰ˲һͻǰ˿˫צ̶ֱֱʳ˫ָ飬ֱץ顣
ɫ΢䣬ζû뵽ҶȻºԼãֱӾץ飡
һץԼ飬Լһ˫ӾҪˡ
Ȼֹס˽Ų֮˫ֻζ˻ַſһһ㻤ԼϣץҶһֱָץš
Ҷֻ̧ζ֮£һȭֱ˹ȥͺһ徢
ȭƽ֮£һձҶһƣŹһ漴һֱȭ
ڳȭ˲䣬Ҳ˲ͱֱˣֱȭһųŵڵһ㣬ȭƵһɱϢֱ
ȭץҽһ
徢
飡ߵһ£ʱоؽڡⱻ𵴵ޱȣȻҶһȭ
ͣоλ·𱻴󴸴һ㣬¶һ˿Ȼ֮⡣
徢ҶٿȻٴʹȻ٣ֱޣһ߸Ǽű徢һȭֱ
ٴα˿ûվ˽ŲҶ漴һȭ͵˹
һȭһȭҶ·һմһ㡣ߴýڽںˡ
߼˲ɱҶͺһǰͻһ¡
ָ״ͷһ㼱ٵŤһ£ػһȣһƿռزʺ
ָ⼱ƽ֮Уȴǳֳһε£һֻ
һл߼ȭеҶһ棬սܡ˲ɱ
ܿӵκεȭŹ򣬻Ǳ棡
ɵµĶĹǷ
Ǹ˴ʧɫӦ֮£һ͵غԼʺλá
ࣣһʹ·𱻼׶һʹ
εֱ͸ƣֱֱشʺ֮С
ҶսΪܹɽţİЧÿһְЧȫͬ
徢ڲƣ˲ɱڲиоڲҡ
߷ʹʺĵغʮ
ʺλ÷·𱻶۸ῳһ㣬һۣһڷθ²һѾɫɫѾĺ﷢˻˻
һ˫۾Ϊ͹˳ƴҪǹһĺ·һضסһ㣬ƾκ޷ȡ
쳣ֲĳʱûʸϺɫɷףĺ˺üԱߵļҲ¶˲̵ɫ
ߣǲõĶԶȻһ׵
ҶǰȻһڣһӰش
һĸݵһ㣬ƾճǰؿҶ
֮һԲתӵı̧һĻĺ󾱲λл
һƵı죬͵һѪ漴һͷίٵĸصſ˵ϣ
ںϢŽ˳ֻɫίޱȣѾʧȥ˶ֵˡ
ҶһаŸոҲɱЧҲ̫ء
磡ôˣԱ߻ʸϾ
ҪٲͰѻʸҵӶˡɫ˹Ȼһ˦ϣص֪˳ˣԾģʧݵ
ʸϱһȷ˳ȥʱҧҶһƬݶ֮ɫ
Ҷв̾ʸҵļҷȫҶҲͬģҶҵļҽ̼ϸ񣬼ҷش죬ҶϵӵܲҪȺգһʡΪ࣬ΪӵܲŻ·ẓ̌ҶϼĿꡣ
ҶӵмϸĹ涨漰˾ҶˣԵõȨƵչˣܹ峤ҶУǾûеλġ
ҲΪԭҶϼ񾩳ʷΪƾõļ塣
ʸѭȫǿʳķǿƵֳȫʸֵܵĶ⣬ֻӲ
Ҷɫһݣԭǻʸ
ʸ˹۾ҶƬ̣صǵ͹㣬һǲɽ©ˮҶ٣벻ǼҴ书Ҳ˵ľʱ򣬿ûʵ
ˡҶһ費ص
ʸɫȻһҶ٣ɨǻʸҵĶĳִǻʸҵˣΪǻʸǺ۸Ĳɣ


025 Ʈ
ʸǰ΢΢̤һһżشʯϢ˿ֻ˫Ŀⱬһ˵Ʊ
ҶɫȻ
ʸǻʸһеĵһ֣Ѿʦ׵Ϊˡ
Ҷɫ֪Ѿˣ漴صֵģǶ˵Щϻģ
Ȼֵˡ
ʸӿһĨ壬һһ˹ζ̧һƻ
ˤ־ŻʸһХּ̧ٻζƶ֮£һµɫǽƾɣ޴ľХɽƣҶѹ˹
ƣҶб֮£һ漴һȭһɱ徢ʵǽһ¡
޴ը֮£һɵţһķȻ˹Ҷ漴͵˿һٴλӳһȭǽ棬ٴνǽˡ
Ҷ̤֮£ֳ˻Σһ㼱ٺˣ˫ȭһԺʮһȭ
ҶһȣºȻһκȻһ㣬ವһ¾׶
ʸһȻ߳һ׶죡
һ֮£ͻ˹˫Ŵȭȭޱȡ

Ҷ̤֮£βͣػһΣŤתţһ˫ȭͷʹ˱徢һȭһȭӲӡ
ÿÿһȭҶ̤λõʯ嶼ӦŶ飬Ƽ侪ˡ
ʸ书ʵ̫ߣʹ׶죬ȭÿһȭʤո޳ɵġ徢
ӲȭʱҶڰͲסһȣ۵һ³һѪ
ͬʱһӰȻӳȭĻʸҽһֱ۽Ѫص˳ȥ
Ųһ׼ֺݵϮĴȡ
ʸȻصǣ̧һ̤ڽ£죬Ȼһεķɵ
ʸһתŭ˭˭ķŰң˱޳ܣ
ϡﻩԱߵķϺȻһƬӰƬһ˹
俪ɽʸŭһζȻת£˫
ƥмٻ裬챩ϮƬʱƾ˳ȥ
ƽһĿľâէ֣ϸĽһ⣬Ƭ֮мһĨƲͻȻŵ磬һ˻ʸʺ
һʮֵͻȻǻ˱ˣֻһѾܲˡ
ҿƮ壡Ʈ壬Ҫɱ֣Ҷʧɫ
ϸĽȻͬߵһֱϮʺ
˿ҶӶˣ֪Ʈִ򷨷Ҷ϶Ƴȥˡ
ͻʸ֮񶷹鶷˴˼Ҳֻ¶Էѣɱ֣Ǿ͵սҶҲˡ
ʸϾҲʦ׵ĸ֣εʵսͬСɡ
ȻƮĳֱȽͻȻҪһٽɱǺѶȵġ
ߣʸرһ˫䶸ȻϱػΧʮƬȻǣ֮£ϱһš
Ȼʸһȣ̧ƻ֮£һźϱ·һײ˹ȥ
ƮеĽһ֮£Ѿзпˡ
ʸһ˦֮£һƬư㳯Ʈĳ͹˹Ȼһֻͷ˹һִ
ʸһ˫ӿѰʵ˿ᲢãԵеʱ򲻵ܹ񵲰ܲס渽ǱһӴʵˣ϶Ƥⶼ˺ѿ
ۣ
ҶκȻ˹һȭʷ׶ΣһȭײϣһƵı졣
ʸб֮ɫһμٷӶ˫Ϸת֮£ڽ֮мٴȥȻ˿˼Ʈеƾžʽá
ӰѸٽ֯һұ֮ڶʸ书ȻǿƮмжǲƴ򷨣ʸһʱҲκβá
˶ʦĸ֣ҶҪҲ岻ȥֻܿѸӰת֮ڶ
ʸס֣Ҷŭȵ
һУһʸѪ죬Ȼתӣһ̤һƳҶƿƴ
һв湦
޴ľ·ŭеĲһ㣬һ¾ͽҶסˣ͵ѹҶ
ƮȻҶߣϸҼһڣӲӭһȭֶ̽һ⣬š
ݣȫ˻˵Ĵ򷨡
ʸʹһǰƮϸ̳һӣѪȪˮӿ˳ʱɫɷס
ƮҼͷȴصһȭƺһͱһȭ˳ȥ
Ҷӱ˹һѱ˻
Ůˣ򲻹ˣôƴ
ҶסƮ壬ƿڴһ漴Ʈһ·񱼡


026 Ůɱ
Ʈ尤һȭ֮󣬵ͻ赹ڵˡ
ҶûлؼңֱӱƮʹһù֮С
ҶһײõĴţײѶϰͷԱһֱӾʹһ֮С
ǳĴһܸߵķӡ
ҶؽԲѵƮڴϡ
֣һȭ̫ǿôԹȥأҶҿ·һļͷ૵ص
һɵƴ֥ݣƢľװ£ȴһ°ɫ¡ż侫Сɵĺ÷
ǿŮɱ־ȻóŮ졣
棬ǰļ޳ϸĴȡ
ݣ¶ļѩףǳֳѿɫһ˫ر޳У˵ģ˫һϸ㣬̲סҪİĳ嶯
췢ģҶǰΪһ͵ҽҲʲôҲٲòȫŮˣ˳еˣǵһμ
û·֮ǰξѾ̲סһǿҵ
·֮󣬳ع֮Ҷ˺üĿɿڴؿƮ塣
ѩϺ˵˺ۣ·һ̾Ķߺ㣬ȴ̴е
Ҷһڿˮ
ϵ˰ʵ̫ˣ滹вٴֲڵķϺۼһ˺õİײޣֱüֲڵ빦ƴշһ㡣
ǰϾһĿĵ˰̣Ҷв̾Ϣ
ƮŴӺСʱͱ֯ѵʼɱˣܵİʵ̫࣬ģҶм˿Ѿ϶ˣѾ˼࣬ǼȥŲʱ䣬ͻ˷
ոǸʸһȭʵ̫أһȭ𵴣ȴڵˣŵԲѡ
ҲΪƮ֪Լ״ŻôĮԼ
ҶϸظһѸپȷ˸ƵķͿҩҩϵĻҲҪʱС
漴ԼĴռ֮ȡһСУҾ޲ϳȡһϸ緢˿롣
Ĵռ֮УһSġʥܹѸٻָȫһеĸ״ַ̬䣬һ֮ھκƮơַҶҲֻ6ˡһһţΣյδ֪֮УռӦؼʱá
Щȫƶɵġ
ϵļѨλȷ֮Ȼȥ롣
Ҷһʩ룬һϸ塣
׼ȫʱৣһֱʺϡ
һ磬Ʈ˫ĵĴ۾Уâ·֧㡣
ʲô
֮һʱЩΣƮԼ·зһ˿ŭ⣬ȻҡǲΪĲɱ㣿
Ʈ壬ǰ϶ɱֶ𣿡ҶĬȻƬ̣ʵ
ǣһǸʧܵɱ֡Ʈж̽ɵʺ£ϺɴصܳңڼȻ´ģΪΪ
ȻɱűϢᵽܳϵʱȴ͸һ𾴡
Ƿĵ𾴡
ҲΪأصĸҶ¶Ҳϧ
ô´ʲô㶼Ӷ𣿡
ǵġƮصʲôҶӦ
ҶӣкȻһɶ⣬˴֣صһЩȽϷǷֵҪأ
ৣƮһеĶ̽һתѩĽѾԼؿϣһ˫۾ޱؿҶ
ɱַ񣬸ɾ䡣
ιιƮ壬ֻǸ㿪ЦѣҶʱһæ˫鰴ûκεĶ⣡ҲǵģڿЦҲˡ
ƮݣԼؿڣصУֻûЦһϣҵء
Ҷһֱͦţó˵ļϵصֻˣϡ
Ѿ̫ˡƮĮȻԼ·漴Լɴ¶һĿĵ˰̡
ģһа취
Ļ̫ˡƮ嵭Ȼܳҵ۶õҽʦΪƹʧˣûа취ʲô취أ
ҶǼӹҽͬһ䣬һת֮£漴֪ܳΪʲôҪһȥ𣿡
ΪʲôƮɻʵ
ɵͨɵһ֧ţкܶͨ쳹ص֮һЩĴҴүүҲʲϵģҽϣҵͨˣҵĻ˵κϵ˻ϵ˰̣Ҳ練ƵġҶ治ɫشҴүүҴȥˣҪסҵҲ뱣ס
Ҷүһһ׵ġƮЦϧô˶󡣡
ƮдһĨ֮ɫոҶ·ΪѾ϶ҶǸŲһ㡰ȺáĲүҶٶĴ࣬ҲֻΪҶĲ
һ㣬Ҳʲôرı̬Ⱥá
Ʈص㲻ҪΪһȶǰ㣬۸Ҳֻһ޶ϵһɱ㣬ɱ
ҶĬȻ
һ仰һ̣شʹġ
ҶȻȻгǸĻҲǸܽˡ
˵ݺѺεʹ࣬мСѹӵܵ裬һ׮׮һ˱׵鱻Ӳѹȥʼնûеõõй
ǸˣҲ˼㡣
ƮķȴһͷŭһӾ
ǿѹͷŭκˣô
ƮҲһ˫ɴŵƾ㣿Ϊ˭
ôҶѾ಻סˡ
Ȼشҵ⡣Ҷص
ʲôҪҶӦ㡣ƮҲر顣
Ҷ˵ͷúúãղʶʶͲ֪үֻۣ
˵һָϣſ£ҽ㿴ţôκã
Ʈԥһ£˳ӵſ˴ϡ
Ҷҧҧԥ˰죬Сشȡһѩ׵ķ䡣


027 
ѩķֽϣһȦӨӨİ׹⣬滭һ˰ߵ
ŷ䣬Ҷһ㣬еǲʡ
Sʥķ֮һǼ亱ͷ䣬ˣŷ仹һи״̬ЧԼǷѾǧ࣬˹ʺˣŴɫBOSSϱķ䡣
Ҷŷŵλãŷ̾ͻһİ׹⡣
кȻصĴ֮һŽɫĹιסȫһ߳ˮİؽ⻺ˡ
ƮȻҾ漴ֱֱˡ
ɫȻɷף漴ֱɫһתۼ䣬ͱ任ʮΡ
ۣƮ͵ſ̴ڣ³һڷڵѪϸѪ飬֮жʱһŨҵѪϢ
ζѬҶ̲סס˱ӡ
Ƭ֮ƮŻһѪֻһεɫȴǱ䵭һЩ
Ѫɫת֮ϵЩ¾ɵ˰̾ȻҲʼøɿһ㸯Ƥ¶˰ļ
Ҷ̤ڷߵķϣȡ˴ӻʸսлõݾᣬ
ѾҪˡ
˵Ҷе֪ˡ
һű侹Ȼ˷ҧĶŮϣŮɱְԼεķϣҶҲͲһʶˡ
ʱ俪ʼһһεŹȥˣҶеľᣬһվ
ʱҲʼתۼذؼһƬڣʹͺ
ͬľƲ
Ƭ֮󣬶㻩žؼصĻҳ·֮һӨĻ۴һƬããġ
꣡һִľҶͷը˿ӳյҶһƬѩ
ͷ¡¡ҶͷȻ𶯣ƺյʲôһ㡣
ҶܸġնнƷ书͸ңƾзٸҲѵĵƣǵʵȴûʲôɻڣʩչ֮ȫĽⶼһŤʹ
ŵڴϣҪԶԶʤȭֻ̫һЩҶĹѾЩټװ׵Ťȫˡ
ʱҶƴȫװңҲֻǽнƷĵ6ľ硣
һ֮£ȫӾ־װѾˣսѾ֮УȻվȫĽ⿪ʼ
꣡һѩִ磬ƶըӳյΧһƬѩ
ҶȻ̧һѭŸող׽һ˿غۼμһŤȫʱ˿һѤƥĵ˲籡
һ籡ĵͥԺһͽͥԺһĥ̴ʯͷˡ
ĵյķʯжһ硣
Ѹƥػζյ಻ϵƣѸŷһ¡¡
նΪ61
ۣҶɣʩչһ̧֮һ֮£ͬӰվԭء
ȻһϬĵˡ
ոʱһ֮£ûʲôоһյ֮Ҷʱоȫ´Ťʹĸо
ȻŤ˼⣬Ҳ΢ظˡ
ҶŤһ壬ֻһĴ̹ǵʹ
һһʼھѸչ˿ѭž翪ʼѸٰסơ
䣡Ҷپ˿ڴȻһоִ̹ʹĸо̴Ϊ
ĸоƬ̺ʹλһ󵭵ȡһһȵĽ£ѸپڻλõѪŤ˵Ľ쿪ʼѸ
Ҷ΢΢³һʩչ䷨֮һһ֮Ҷ͸оȫ̹࣬οȫװЧӳɡ
һѾþˡȻ˵
Ҷķ֮УȻӯèĽŲ
Ʈ˹΢΢ٵشûɴѩĵ续ϣһĨĺΡ
ƯĺƯҶؿӣһʱ俴Щʧ
Ʈ¶˺еĽ̬
û뵽Ʈ徹ȻôһŮ֮Ӱѷɫ
ߵҶǰȻ鲻ԽظԼӣ˵ؼš
Ʈлл
Ҷʵ㻹ǵøոմӦҵô
ǣʲôҪҶӦƮȻ΢΢˽֮ɫֽ䡣
ǺáҶغеľᣬص֮ȥȥİɡ
Ʈ彿һ𣬽ҧ´ǡ֮Լûɡ
ҶͷŪеͽصҶ˵ĻǴ㰮ȥȥģʡٻҵľĲ
ƮĬƬ֮һүġ
дִֺ;ǿ
ֻڵͫƺһЩ˵Ķ
ҶеᣬתϬ罣
Ʈ壬ΪٸҼ𣿾û˵ЩҲѾˣ֪ովȻҶԻʸɱ֣ǲ֪أҪɱҲ϶ˣ书ߣȴǵ͵ĳ²ࡣ
ƮһһףͷĬĬ
ҶŵûҿóǰòףȻѾȬˣͺúõذջɣ̣Ŵ֮Ϸ㶼治ģⲻֵãš
ҶĬһ£漴ӻ漴һƱݸöһʱˣȥɣ̤񾩳ǣˡ


028 
ƮڵһԲؿޱҶһֽۣӹƱתͳȥˡ
ҶеᣬյãкȻӿһĪı
Ǹ֮֮ȥŮڻˡ
һ֮󣬺ܿͿǣϰһ֮ȴôҲ޷ǡ⼸ҶѾϰ˱ĬĬӰӡ
ҶȴܲѡߣԼݶصΣ뿪ֻ֮ٲҪ׷ɱʵڲƮȥҲȥ
ȷе˵ºƮ֮顣
ҶȻ̾˿
Ʈ壬סԶҪŴ󷧴κιϵﲻ磬ȻĻɲԼ
Ʈ壬һ·ߺá

񾩳Ƿ½һƫƧеһͨҩڣΪ嵭ҩ̵Ļʰŵĸҩġ
ҩԱߣһؿһ顣
ͷ΢΢ףòƽӺݺ嫣ȴִһֳɽơ
һ̲סɽֹľ⡣
һź͵ӻ߽棬ԱߵļĻƿ֮漴ûǸпӰһۣ漴ĵߵ˺Ժ
Աһƴ˰ţӰ˽ȥ
ӳͷֺͶ¶һݿݵֻԵΪ㲡
ȻҶҵĵ峤Ҷ
͵ֱͦˣϵøֱһ˫ǵۣѱϬ
һɲǣƲϵɢһɲѧƣһŭɡ
ҶǰһľȻ塣
лתص㻹ң
壬Ҳû뵽ȻӡҶƤɫȻ
ŨüһȻ漴ɳ̾Ϣ׻Ҷҵ֣ʡ͵ĵƣ˰ˡ
ҶɫľȻһĨʹɫ
ЩҲǿˡ̾ϢһһֻݵĴ֣Ҷͷ·ڸһһ㡣
Ҷֱͦͦعǰס˫ʧʹޡ
壬ĳŲȥˡ
һתˣȵ˵ʲôҸոû˵һ飿
ҶȻŢ̌ͷ״ض˻壡ĳŲȥˣѾʧȥݣʧȥ˽ҸĻ㵽׻ҪҸʲôһҪȶã
žһصĶϡ
߻תˣȵʲô㲻ףĸı٣ʮ꣬ʮˣҶʮ꺮Ȼյ״Ԫԭ볯Ϊ࣬Ϊ͢Ϊ˼壬طԼǰ̣ͷ棬طװʮָ꣡࣬˭ȥ߿ࣿҶܣѾʮȴҪڿຮ֮أͼʲôѵࣿ
ɫص
㲻ףѵǶúܺҶôˣҺʮѪͻһҶˣûȥ޶ˣȥȪ֮µڣ
Ҷ߬ؿڣһ˿ʡ
ûǳһ췴Ҷ׵壡֮£һߵס㻹ʲôʸȥ̸ʲôŮ鳤صһ˦ӣŭ
ҶĿỺ
壬ҡ
Ҫ˵ˣڽˣҲãҶҵ֣ģᱻģҶҵж㲻ܹڳ֮ϳ뽫Ҳ־ڽҲδزΪһ˽ܣ߶ס֣ҧصټһ£һ°ɣ͵ˣֻҪȥ׵һ죬ǸʱţᵽһƬģԭġ
ҪжãҶȻ̧ͷзһ㾫⣬ʵ壬ңиףûûģġߡ
ˣˡ˰Σ̾һԪȻ꣬ԾѾɡѾԵ֮ˣֻҪٵϼ꣬ǻ֮ǾǿྡˣһҪס˰
Ҷ޵üһջǵ˵ͷ

ҶҸ֮ۡС
Ҷ˫Ŀţڶ˫ϵĴһɹˮУͷϺˮ£Ѿ³һСϪһȦȦķˮһ㲻ͣعͭڡ
ܵĻ֮Уһ״ĹڻнͣϺɫĻ棬һ˿˿ķ·С߰Χ
ͭӵıϽ͹һƣճ͵޻ƺ䡣
ص˸֮ۡҶһǼħӡ
ħǶ׵ķܹ˵ľʹݵԡٻ״̬ԸСĻ֮壬һӾܳ׻ɢ
ͭתٶؿϽ͹ԳһŭĿƣݵ񽫵ģ
ɹö׷ħӣ
һͭವһ´ӵ֮з˳һתȻǰһԽ
ڳˣ
Ҷͷ£߾ȫħԼĿռеķУų׻˯˹ȥ
ƶɵħӣʵ̫ˣҪ˵ڶ㣬ټװǿҶѪҲ
˷͵֮Ҷ漴̤˸֮ۡ⡣
ĺ͵ܵҶѾȴˡ


029 嶥
Ҷƿ˷֮󣬿̨µȺѾõİġ
һдҶ㣬֥ǣֳ֣
һ쳤̾
Լ֮ƴĸū֮ۡеū̾˵ԼΥʼЩ̻̲
ڻʱ·ϣҶϸһЩľ
Ҳᵽ˶ľ֮
븮֮ͱ˺üԵҶȻֱӸҶԣʩչֶΣӲʩ֮£ͽҶūŶƷˣȻЩūǶԼΥʹӣͣҶǰ˵ҶĻ
Ҷڷŭ֮£ֱЩūűӶ۵ʱ򣬶ǰǰڳһü˳۵ģίίСѾͷһ
֪Ҷûʶеıʱһ͸Ҷһּ󣬶˺˳ܿҶȴܶӡ
ɱεĲֹˣĸҶҲּɱˣԾ׶ԼҲʼԶˡ
ˮԴģиģǺȶҶҵҲЩһΪҶǳڱټ죬ôɵġ
ªĶٳʵȴͱ˸֯޷졣
ԴҶ֮Ͻ͵ķ¼һ˵òĽҿˣ¡
һıҸıңǳˡ
Ȼûƣôʣµūžͺðˡ
ҶҲˣ˶ۣıûõģֻԼΪҶ峤ӵȨܹ״
ūŶƤֲݺɱӺ֮£ʣЩԭҸԵūȫʵˣִҶ޶
ҲеģԴԼ׽İĺ͵ܵҶ㿴ԼҲ˼־¡
ܶ˶ΪҶѾ׵ķˡ
ҶҶǲҲ˵ģҵǣĸ뿪ʱҶѾ˽жˣ꣬˵ǣΪĲ£Բű̸֥֥еĺְܾ
˼Ҷ֮Ҷ˵ж
֥Ҷһ񣺡ү
̲ö񡣡ҶľȻ̧̧֣ص
ҶԴϣӵı飺硣
Ҷ˰֣סļ֥֪Ȥȥ
ôһĸȴʤĸ׵Ů˺ǻҶͯҸġ
ҶҶǱȽ˵ģĸںȻʧٵʱҶոչգҶ룬ͱװŸ֥֥һֱͬһ㣬Ѷ˵ҶĿĸ뿪֮Ҳ檵ƷȻ뿪˸ۡ˼ׯ԰˽֮ϰ䡣
֥Ҳһ㣬ҶǰǳƺΪү
Ϊ㣬ܣҪסɱˣ뿪Ϊ㣡ҶĿ⾼ؿ֣صصܣģֻҪһ棬ֻҪһţ;ԲҶ㣬ǵƾһһǲģҲҪѧᱣԼ𣿡
Ҷɭɭɱ
ҶỨ߬ҶĴ֣磬ҡ᲻뿪㡣
ܣҸһ㿴Ҷһ
ҶͥԺ֮УľߵһĶԺɼڵѪա
漴ൽʬĵطָ̧ŵƤصܣ㿴Щ˵ʬûС
ҶһĨ֮ɫŵüһס۾ԱߵİҲѪɫˡ
ϸؿţܣҶ͵һ۾֣ȵҪסݣܣҶҵĹ壬峤ӣ֮ˣ֮ǣҶҵūţҶҵĹеսϵūţ㶼Դ͸³ס𣿡
Ҷӵص磬Ҳ
ܣڼУһ˳Ĳǰֻļ⵶׸ҶصӴүүİţȥɣĥԼצԼһͷǣԼĵ˺顣
磡ҼסˣҶСϵľ¶ʱȥˣ˼ּ㣬漴ʵصǸ硭᲻㡣
ãס˾ͺáҶɫƣص˵ͷѾˣ죬үүȥϰ䣬¶ҪүүģүүԵЩԲ˽ġ
磬岮˵үүƢܲܲദġ
죡ҶһŵҶ㲻֨ˡ
ܡҶɫ̾ϢǰܾôүүΪ̫ظԵֱ̫ҲףĶֻдүүǡ
ˣҶ̧ͷҶһһٵصһġ
Ҷſֱֵܽһ
Աɫ԰׵֥˹Ҷȥ
үæ˹
ģ߰ɡҶߵߣص
Ϧҫ֮£䳡ʯһ㵭ɫĹ󣬼Ҷӵʯϣ졣
Ҷ˹Ҷӵܸܵӣų־ɫ
ȫǿ㣬ҲŰһ١Ҷ̾ϢɱˣʵҲǲѣ¶ٺҵܵҶ㣬ҵȻȲҶңֻǸ¹󱩷ҲϿǶ˺ҪĻǾӲġ
ĵףҾ
ģΪҳҵֵܣȴһִҶ֮һ»ָϣūҲΪһ壡ҶץסļĿ⾼ڣҲܹ뿪ۡԺͺҵܵͬͬסҴ󲮵𣿡
Ĵϲæڵصлүˣ
ˣү׼Ҫʲôʱ뿪أ
ʲôʱ뿪Ҳ˵׼ҶļģҪ뿪Ļֻĵ뿪ö﷢ˡ


030 Ĺŵ
񾩳ǰƳǵ·ϡ
һѸݵӰɽ֮зٴţӰٶȲҼģ˻Ұޣ׽Ķֻڿһز
ҶǸ·Ҳһ·ϣԼսٸ·ġ
ڼٱܵĹУ뿪Ҷ֮жʱһɺԾɸо
һ·ϣûг׷ɾ裬ڳ˳֮Ŵ·ߣ˼֮漴һƫƧ᫣ҲֱӵĹŵǰƳС
ڶ˵ļ壬ҶĽ䱸ˡ
ѭŴ·ߵĻ˼ɱŹ֡
˼Ȼ񾩳ŲϺŵģϷȴһָĺŴ󷧣ҺͳүĹϵΪС
Ҷѡ˴Ĺŵߡ
ĹŵԶսıԵشŵ֮оɫپ𣬺̵̦أĲľȫʮңﻨ㣬ʱʱҰ޳ûħħû
˭ϲðմ̼أǰլ翴С˵ʱԼÿÿЩðվԼҲΪ֮Ѫڣδ޲һ
ߵʱҶĵģûκ˵Ҳû׵ֻڼת˼Ȧھ֮ת˼Ȧһ֮󣬺Ȼƾʧˡ
Ҷҵļҽϣһ򶼽ֹеӵܳû¥Ĺ֮ĳ֮УҶҵഺڵĳ嶯͸Ͽļҽ̺֮£֮УҶҲûжٵĳζͶĺѣҲҪʲôӭͻ֮ʽ
ǰƳǵ·ϣɽĽҰ·⣬͹ƽ·࣬ɵҰݡ
Ҷһ·쭣ľȫ֮󣬿ʼ۾ежĦ
ħߴ򼼡Ǹ߽ȷˤ֡Ѹͣ˻طơȴһȺƷнƷ书еľƷ
ʸ棬ԭһɵĵӣΪս˥Ѿңʸϯеĵ伮ȻԼһ֧Ͷ˴һλү
λүʸɨѾʱ򣬿թ֪ѾŪ˶ɵ书ؾ˻ʸһԾΪĸʯ
ʶԼּ֮ܵʣµİµʱҶͿʼħߴнƷؼ
ڱĲȱȱ߽׵ȼˡ
ħߴ򼼽ľȷż⡢ϥǹķҶʣʮʱ䣬ȷ8ƷսʩչȻѸϬȴҲûʲôսеƲѡ
ȻܹͨҶӡȭսҶҲͲôˣ֮⣬ָѧϰ˷ɵ
ڵƳ񾩳￿Ĺ
ԭΪңʵȴΪƶ񤣬쳣ӣԭҲûֻһЩ͵岿˶ѣ񾩹һɽ
ԭľڵɽˮɽʱħ޳ûҵ಻ͨ壬䣬ʱСɵħԽϮ֮ء
ֵطȴһá
ǿһ岻ӵмߵǻۣǿ壬տ似ͷ˼ߵľ磬ܹ仯Σӵͨ쳹صͨǴǬߺ͵ߵУ
ΨһЩ޺ƽģֻħˡ
ԭ岿֮еЩħȻ̫࣬ȴ쳣书ǿټѪҰ˺ܴЩħ˲϶ԶѪͳӵϡŹֵ츳ܡ
ΪάİƳа˾ӣͨɽ֮һŰƳڣЭصľػ
ͨǵɵʮ֮һȴŷ֧书֮ͨɵ֮ͬĵӶԼĹ¶Щӵѡֳڵĵӣһ·ֱƼɽͨ콣֮С
ܳôţҲȫ˼Ҷݺ͵λҶѾҶܷеϢҪֵ˲ʰĵزֱӾͰˮõڵͷϡ
Σ򣬶ҶȴҶԲҶҵĶ֡
Ҷ£еľᣬ΢΢۾˼֮С
Ҷεҡҡͷ⼸ҹ̵ظ·ѾʱĴˡ

ּһƬɾĿյ֮УԱߵȼһ濾һֻ
ҶʱһԷؿʼ
徢ҶκȻһбںϳ˷˵ݶֱ뼹һֱĳߣһȭƮƮػⷽʯϡ
飡ʯ֮з·һըҩһ㣬Ȼը˿ɾ𵴵ķ˿
˲ɱҶһŶֱһɵֵۣ߸߻ƵıԵϺȻһ㻡УֵƮƮնľ׮ϣһ
֨֨ľ׮ľм׷ɣȻֵϸһĺۼ·Ǳһ㡣
Ҷһȭǽڱһճȭֳ׶Σ߳о
ۣڿкľ׮ģܴһ֮£ľպȻһ֮£׷ɵľмʻʢƽľ׮Ѿһΰݡ
ս˲ɱ4徢5о38
Ҷظλҵһһ֮£³лһȶ


031 Ϯ
оȲ˲ɱѸĴ͸иҲȲ˱徢ⲿըѺڲƵ˫ƻЧоĳ־ò˥͸ȴƣһҪλã̾Ǿ˺ѣŲλƱҪ֮󣬲ܹȫӳ
ҶҲоˡоúǱʱʵսԸǿġ˲ɱ͡徢
ԼԽ֮ϵͳѾװˣܲٿܵ㣬ǺԽҲûֻܿͣؿܵҶϸװ쳣ǿȵҲ̫ѡ
ҶϲûкøԶӻʸսлõ书ȻǶǱȽϸ߽׵սӦµĽ״ˣҶػսͲս
ͶҶĻһǳԿ飬ԭҪҶŸ߰˶ѧ峵δСƨ̼ҳϸŮĻıϸһϣҶƤֲݵĺһ֮ۡϵūǶʱٵƨҷһˣԭ˵ūͣѡѣһ̶վҶıսս
ıʱııʱıʤ֮
ҪǮҪЩūŷֱĺ
ˣͨ񾩳Ƴ֮·;ϳһ뺷ķ羰ߣһĿ˫ȣԳǧһٶһ·쭡
ҶĸоѾյĶӿʼؽ
ҿú˰ɣ
ҶտյĶǸ૵ص
һԼϵĿѾꤵҶ٣һˮ
ԼĿζȻȲҶĴˣζ̫ãԼȴҲѾѡˡ
·һ㣬ͬʱһ쳣ŵĹζȻıζм
ʲôζҶعˣϸᣬϸѰζԴ
ҶȻǸոԼտʳĵط
Ҷ𼱻ǵذȾܵѾϨԱߣƴĴŻҶѡ
ϣͷѾɽ̿״һ˫ڶӣеȱµˡ
٣ҵͣ顰̿Ҷʱ
ޣ
Ҷʱס˱յؿСƬľ
ľкһСӰһ͹ŹֵɫͲӣ׼Լ
󣡡Ͳһ֮£ʮϸɺҺͬʱ˹Ҷ⧲֮£̧һʹ˸ոĲ˻طƣһ͵ľӦƶ
ӿѪ߱ҶƷؼɢ˴룬˵ϣûϣ·ȴʵʵմȾһƬ
ȫ¶ʱɢһŵζ
Ҳүĸôȱ£ȻңҶ¶Һ͸ˣһɶĵζû³
ɱնҶζȻˣ磬˲ϢϵӰǰյػһϬĻ⡣
Ѹĵһ۵ĵ㣬ǰһݴԱһն˳ȥ¶һɫӰ
Ҷת֣һȣյһͷ£
Хһ㣬ǰСĺӰ·һһ㣬ʱסˡ
ಣкȻ׵ĹâһɫѤõĹȻҶؼʸ
ԣޣˣҪɱң
ҶȻȻζյ΢գһ֮£浶֮£絶һȦȦ绡֮£һ죬ͽϬĹһߡ
֮Ѿһɫɵļʸ沼˾µĻƺͷ䣬ѾҶһΡ
Զһ˶ߵĹľУȻһ
ҶжһɾףһתһƬ״Ļ廮˹ȥ
һ£ıһųĻ档
ԶȵϹһ˸ķ걬ѵ˹
˾Ǹ߽׵ߣ
Ҷɫ΢΢ǰһͷʳıһ㣬յּ
Ǻॣ
Ҷ׼żķ걬ҵһɳƿյĵ֮мһɱҵĵⲪȻ
һƼͣ·ʮִƾըѿһ㣬ŷ걬ھҶʮԶλôһ֮£ʱȻը˿
ã⵶ȻǷȻǣҶжʱϲ
Ȼе籾ߵĿǣһаӦѣǷ׵ߵķٻήһ룡
ҶȻ󣬵ַȴǴ´ˡ
н׷֮
кȻһĽȡ
һӴʼͣѹۣ·һɷ籩һ㡣
쬣ɫСȻƾˣ৵һ£ڿĺۼƿռХҶ˹
ҶظӦˣɫС÷羢۶ɵģƼ򵥣ȴ̺һɱԵ
Ҷжʱ΢΢һ
һҲΪƷ
ƷΪľһ
ƷΪ龳Բ
ƷΪ񵤾׽پླ
̴½֮Уߵϵ൱ģѾܹƾ辫ӦȻģؾ֮ΪľɳΪͽ
Ѿؼ˷ܹԾԪܽӡ䵱Уɳ֮Ϊߣ
ܹԪԹеģ˾֮Ϊһɳ֮Ϊʦ
ԪɣѾܹʱܹݳΣԪ磬˿ɳ֮Ϊɳ֮Ϊʦ
ܹ컯ľޱȣܹӵдɷڱ仯龳ɳ֮Ϊڣ
ܹԪͼ˾ɳ֮ΪԪ񾳣ɳ֮Ϊʥ
ȫĥԲܹԪܹתͶ̥Ǽ䲻ʧ˾ɳ֮Ϊ񵤾ɳ֮Ϊ
ڶɹ׽پ֮߻ߣѷ豹棬ͬһ㾳磬ླ
޳ط߻ǷߵͨѾûʲôֱˣͳͳɳΪ֣ͨ
־֮ĸˣҲǷ书ͨ
ҶоˣСƿɱһԼϣ̾ͻᱬը
Ҷ漴һȻ͵һߣһʯͷ𣬱У̧һһơ
ž֮Ȼը˿һ쳣Ŀĵ⽫ԲʮҫһƬѩ
ʯʱķ˿
𡭡֮͵سһߴӰһһ˴ͭһֻһпڿĶ̸һͷʳıܰ㣬޴һҵľ磬˹


032 ʦ
һɲǣҶ͵һ󸫹쭷磬ն֮յǰ
Ǵû뵽ҶȻܿһ漴һȣһ̣߳μ̵ͭһ쭷磬ͷ
õȣͬʱҶǰǰּ֮̽£͵سס˫ȣѹĵɰҷ˹ȥص󺺵ĶƤϡ
󺺶ʱһʹҶһźݺݵŷ˳ȥ
ʱ˿̣ԱصǸʦٴʩһ°ĳɫ浶Ҷ
ҵĵƿһŻƴһ㣬Ҷи˹
⣡Ҷһŵŷ󺺡
ǺॣҶһص⼲¶϶ֱ
зɻĻҶͻȻһ˸š
Ż˿УȻһȻըѳϸСĻǣɢ˿
ͬʱҶһŵĹնرܿԱ߹ľе֧Ϭ
ȣҶһζһֻڻ㸽ؼ˹һɺɨ
ŨܵĹľԱҶһն죬¶һαװļһ
һʧɫæе̧һΣ̵Ҷ˹
ৣ
ѩĵӳһ
Ҷһȴ̺⣬һʮִڿбһ㣬Ǳļһﱻɵסһʱ侹ȻؿҶĳ£
ס֣֮кȻһ⣬һ
ৣһĵ˲ͱȵҶǰ֮£һƬĿĵӰҶת۽ʮǡ
ǰ˵ĵȴּһ͵ľҶо˼ĲˬһʱնȻӲˡ
ҶĵͣȴǷȱǰ˵ɺϸ¡
ҪҶҶߺȻһͳȡ
һԴεľݳƽ֮£˲ϢѾֱҶλãϲϸܼݣ˿˿ĺ⣬Ҷ⡣
ÿĽٱҪһ
ҪˣһˣޣԼλõĽȻŲƿҶߵӵȻص
ҿӵȻˣ˭վһĺڹѪû𣿡ҶӶˣ׵ص
ϴĲôг˼ӰһݵӰʵ
˸ոǸսսľ޺֮⣬һİݵӣбһ⻹һɫ۵Ůбһ׭Ķ̹Ƕ˲ٵ޾ˡ
ŮһȦ״Ĺ⻷ѭݡ⻷ΧǵɫĹΣȴɫĵ⡣
ȻѾʦ磬Ҽ޷׶ϵĵ
ݵĳشҶƿˣһεߴӵмżǸһ񾩳ƬӣȻῪ˵Ҳרȥѧ԰ɣ
˶ʱȻ̲סЦ
ҶȴǸоЦãݵ书߹һȺ˵е졣
ǸĺܱǸѣǶûκεĶ⡣ĸӰ˳ϴéݺ鲼Ƴɵαװ·Ϊ׵Ǹص
ԭʦҶ漴һ漴˹
ʦǽְҵ֮ǰ֮ǿλʥڣɵʮɶԿĶս֮˽ӵ˺ɵԿʵҲڵһЩרĹսҲһ嵱С
ֻҪ׵ľ磬ѾܹͷϽɾˣǣܹƾ豾ܼȡˣϵĵʹٶȼ죬ЩսˣҲܹӶݣ仯ڡ
ΪûҪȥΨһʳԴɷ˵ľȥ
һ£ʳ˾Ļˣʱ㲻ȴս˥λ׼ߵһȴȡʮ˵ľµ
ʮǰΧӵĲԸĻ߻߶кܴȱݣˣնĻѹ֮£ʹʦһְҵѸ
Щʦ书Ϊ⻹һЩҶͼ򵥵ЩĿǡ
֧С鵱УΨһһŮнһƷĵ澭͡澭
һĹѪҶʱ޵ġ
ԼһˣԷȴˣ˫ȭѵ֣ҶҲֻűˡ
תһƧĵطһɾ·ڴ˴Լŵʱ˺ܶ׼ݻû·
Ƨĵطϵմ˹Ѫ·Ҷһߵش˳


033 ֮
˶ѾΧΧʼͲͣҶû˵ŰӼȺ˵УΪ׵ĸӵжһӲһѬ⣬ڴڵ˺ҧ
Ϊ׵˿Ϊ⣬һиЦ㵹ǲ
־ͽеˮݸ
û˾Ǻõģ̵ģһһѪҶӴɣ޺޵صһۣһӣཹһȪˮá
һת۵ĹһѬ͹Ѿ¶ˣҶķһʦĿɿڴ
ҽжǣͷЦЦʵ㲻Ǹʦôܵˣ
ѵôҶȻʵָѥϵĵĽֺʵ
ЦָָҪϵĽƣϵװʺĹŵУķ޵ע
Цʵ׼ҪȥģһͬС
ҪƳȥҶйطˮҵҪ¡
𣿡۹һҡҡͷһ·ߣƳǾǧѡ·̫գΪʲôƵأ
ǼȺҶ򵥵صԼľĹŵ·ȻЩҪɱֺöԸ
ԭˡĿ⾼ؿͣôһ·ɣ͵ǶĲ
òҶ˰ֵǸһһ·ͼͺãǻǷֵĺãһҼĸɱ֣ɱǡ
ʵԸ޵ǲ̫ѣؼҪԸЩꡣϴԱߵħϻͲ߻ײеޣԲ似꣬Ҳֻܸɵ۶ѣҲֻܿЩרҵʿˣ˵ˣҪȥŵĻ·ҪϤöࡣ
ϴˮζضЦЦ
ҲŵˣҶʵв֪ѾȻ𾴡
ȷе˵֮Уռʮ֮˶ǹŵͷܶ෨ҲԴЩɵĴ衣ϴЦЦʱһ·϶û˼Ҳû׷ɱˣ͸һ߰ɡԽɽģǧľ֮ٻǷֵˡ
Ǻðɡʢȴ֮£ҶҲֻܴӦ

Ҷһ˵УĽ̸֮£ҲˣҲϤ
һ˵Уϴ书ߵˣѾʦľˣƮ廹Ҫ߳һֱ׿콣ȵռͷѽΡ
ϴǸ׳ľ޺ǶϴǰӱһūһѪͳӵһ˵شٽĿɽͶ̱ʹɱң˾֮У϶Ҳһλͽ
ǸСǽ㣬ǰ˽ߣó׷ٺͰɱ书ǿһ䣬ҩ֮ĸѧ˶ΨһŮԣǸ֮Ů࣬Ѿӵгʦʵˣͨ׶ϵ
һʼԸҶõķһָ͵ķ½ƷѰġ䡱׵ۼѹһ㣬ڻ󣬱ѹһŵ֮˲䱬ɱѾԶԶسн׶Ʒɱ
ϴһ֮̽ҶԵظоԼҲ߰˾Ž֮ˣܹʹսۼɱϣ϶ܹͻʦ硣
һһ·ߣ˵˵̸̸;еҲӼįҶϴʦ꣬ķŹ㲩ȴҶ۽硣

ϴǾ¶Ӫɣ
һԵƣؿڵ
ϴһΧĻƬСΪ徲Աֶʯѣ˵ͷ
Ǿס¶Ӫɣ࣬ʰӪʣ㡢ֵȥˣҶֵܣȥɡϴ漴Ͱеˮ׸Ҷ
Ҷӹˮ漴Ȳʵϴ޵ľ˺޵ʲôô
ȻˡϴЦ޵ľˣ˵Ǵͷŷý飬޲ܹʦһͨ־ͷŷǾͨͷĳλͷŷǸλΪ;ĳڽȾŻ͹𣬱ɾˡ
ǿޣͷ϶о˲
ôأ
ϴɫһݣָѾޣѾ㹻ĵУڽһԴģ̺ȫľӵʮֵޣûдﵽھ磬Ǿ͸Ͻ·
ŶǶϴ󣬴ͻƵʦĹؼʲôأ
ؼϴ΢΢һЦȻ̧һΣгѾС
ţһ籩ʮ˽תޱȡ
ʱνý㣬г·Ѿȥһְ㣬ҶĿѣ롣
ҲȻˣϴսʮֵ֮಻ԣҶȴͬˣΪϻڶֵʱ֮Ȼӵжϲ㣬͸˶ϴɳ֮
ңϴ书Ȼߣȴû
ߵȭ⣬һƺ⾳ǿģеʱǲ쾳Ҳδܹȭ⣬õģҶֱһ꣬׾ٵˡ
ߵȭȻ棬ȴ޵У˵ϴȻûȭ⣬ñͷܡ
ߵʦһؼһ似ѾﵽһʮԲĵزȫҲҪڻͨеʱսܹȻɣ㿴ࡣϴ漴ָһԱĬڤࡣ


034 ħ
ʱ࣬ĬȻԭأִа׵ָһͷȴһɵɫһȦɫ⻷תݡ
γѭݵɫ⻷ʱΧķϵȴȫȡ˹ԴԴϵ֮С
ֻ⻷ھȽϸһЩ̫ȶ
߻һʮ־ĽǹʱҶע
ǲҶ˹ȥܲܽĹ
͵۾΢΢һ漴žһְסԼĶ̹һ˫ĿؿҶ
ҶʱЩΡ
ǹһЦ˹ȥҶļʩõķͬǵıһ㣬˵ˣƽҲ붯һģƾķ̡ٶȶԶԶʤѰߡ
ŶҶ;Ķ̹üģ˼صʩչĹؼתڵ۾񡭡ĪǣַòǴ֮һġ塷İɣ
һ߶ѡƵķ齣Լʩ߽Ѹ۷
Ůȴ辶Ϊܹͷŷӹһ֮ΪˣķҪѰ˻Ҫϴһء
Ҷ˻һкȻһĨâشҶ
صֵ㻹ǲѧţһ۾Ϳ⣬ǵá
޾ĸ֣ʦľ֮ʱȫͻγһѭϢĹȦողʦûã⻷̫ȶϴŸ첲ЦЦҶ٣似Ѿǳտˣǲ⣬ܹͨȫ磬̾ܲʦֻ֮Ĺܹһ壬ʽû˶ϲ
Ҷ΢΢üͷʵͨȫ磿
ûϴɫصͨȫһḶ́ң׿ޣСսĥ£żǱ£Էͨȫ磬ֻϧѳֻ½󡭡
˵ҡҡͷһĨ֮ɫ
ҶȻĻɱ¾ȷսֻԵܹ޴ǱΪһĴݲ˺ҲǼģҪøҩŵС
ʲôʳʲôҩ̱Ԫֻ˿ˡ
һЩǿ֮еĳϣȴֵط׾͹ͨȫľ硣ʰҶļЦҶţ϶˾ټɣ˵ͻõڳϵͨȫ磬ٷҩʡȴһ๦ˡ
лϴˡҶЦ
Ƭ̺˿Ųͼͷ߽Ӫȼ𣬿ʼ˿ʼһ߳һ˵˵̸̸Ϊ졣
ԱߵȻɫһݣվɫ쳣ˣȻһſڵϣϸζ
ҿ㣬ڸҶʧЦһ
ҶҪ㣬ı졣ϴɫصʵ㣬ʲôô
ϴĬزԱߵľԣӲݸһɫëȻȡһֻɫλãϵָ뿪ʼεδطת
Ƭ֮ϵָȻָͣһͼꡣ
һ޷ħǵء㿴̣Ȼڵ
˵ɫ̶ͬʱһ쬵ķɭ֮С
ӭķУѪϢơ
ħһ׵ޣλײߣȴȺԵޣȺ֮ǻһͷ׵߽λķħǡ
Ҷɢϴɫ侲ԸһԱǸŮѸٴ֮ȡ˼īɫӣ˼Ȼϸĵذշλ
ڰ֮жȻһƬ͵ͫ˸ѪײеĹâݺݵؿҶ
ҲݡȻôħǣǰϴҪģҶս𵶣еЩ࣬ȶ̲סʼ
ɲʱĳЩħʵʵڵģ̵ļҪըˣ·һֻεĴ֣סԼһ㡣
˵ʵڻҶϵһѪսǣϴ񾩳ʸϵһսΪҵʹøй˼ɣЩţֻһȽϼҵĴֶѡ
ЩħǿɲӣǳУֻǳʳѡ
ɷ֮ҶյȶתҲݣô죿ô죿ôҰǣգӽ첻Ҫλɣ
һһŵ̹ⲥ֮£Щ̾ͱһشس˾ٵֲһţȻγһդһ㡣
ȻԾһŴв˷ƵƽƽһָָᲦ˼ķХ֮
ԲڵĿ֮Ѹ
ӴķСת֮䣬֮УʮȭͷСɫĹ
£ţ־һ˿˿ͣزЩɫ֮ϣʹЩ籩ʵ
ձҲάֲסеʮŹˣ̧һ֮¡


035 ߵ
ʮɫķͬʱֲȵȺ֮С
꣡·մһףһɾ޴𵴷籩ϯ˴ɭ֣¾ɵƤΪܲסɾ޴𵴣һӾͱ˿ҶеıжɱƸ𵴵ġˡ졣
ѾԼڣҶеԼĶƤ·ţƤһ㣬ݺһ¡ڷڣŻ˳
ǰһȺħǶʱͱɾ޴ķ籬𵴵ѪˢˢؾͱһƬʣļͷǿ׳սҲ𵴸ҡҡ׹ԭ˼֮󣬱һȻͨһ¾ᵹڵˡ
ַձнһƷķǰķױѽֵǿɱͬǣַձǴΧĹܣһϣ羢֮󣬶ɱˣͻɱЧڼȭеİһ㣬ֱ͸һ¾ܽΡ
ϵɱڳʱԶԶȲ˻ϵϵϵģһ߲㾳ȴѾԶԶʤɱǿĻϵ
ַձܹ˵ķƣ
ǡҶͬʱȥӶеıˢˢؽͷҡҡ׹ħǸ̵һƬȻʺϳĴӲ̣Ըֽƻħʵڲʣֻˡ
֮£ǺҶ书ͱȽƽˣֲأȻó͵ϮȴʺϴӲ̺񶷣ֻܸ˱ˣһΣգ̾Ҷˡ
һйϿ֮£ʣʮͷħѾڵˡ
Ҷһս˻дħǣǰ׼һ
쵰𶯣ԱߵȻ
Ҷһ漴תͷһۣ㣬òôаİɣ
ޣħǵƤëŭҶһħǵƤëֵǮģ
ˣұˡǲ˶죬漴侲صôһȺħǣ϶һλҵһЩ
Ҷʱ˸䣬漴ĵ˻ȥ
ͬʱһͷߴϵɫǻɭ֮˹һ˫С˵͵Ĺâݺݵؿˡ
ҶĿǣͷɫǾȻ֫ŵصģһ˫߹һ˫ë׵Ĵ׳ֱֻۣȵצϣʮָϺ˸
һͷѾ׵׵ķħСģ
Ҳʱһݣ׵˶׾ħһصǿһתľ磬ֱܹˣֱߵսǿٶȲѷɫڸ߽׵ʦ
׾ħһֲʵѾ൱ڳ׵ʦ
ơͷֱߵħһ˫͵ɨΧһȦ֮󣬺Ȼһͺζرڶһɱ˹
ÿ죡
һ˫צ˺գҵļ磬һڷεغݶ
߾ȳȥһеսսͬʱӻһɾ޴ķ籩
ʹսս֮⣬ϻһӲصؼףڶ֮һֱǵܵĽɫѰ޸޷ķǿ
ͷܵʶսͣצӭþ޸ȻջһĻȣצɵرܿ˸֮漴һץݺץλˡ
һץʵˣͻᱻس˿
һԺصĸв浱ƣӲصסצĹצϸľһ±ĺˡ
Ƶػ
ûͷĵڣȻһȻһص޻ڵϣֶ鳻һ㣬ϺȻһسͷȥ
ս񣬸¡񱩣ң
飡ͷϴĳһ͵ǰѸٱֹסˡ
һϣΧǻһоݵӳһƬѤõӰ
ԱߵɵطһֻԳ˹ȥһ˫ذҲһ⣬Ӳ漱ٻ
ֽһ˫ץ֮һ㵭ɫĹⲨ͵ػӻ˵ı
һ岢ƾУһֳߣǼԿġ
ǹƽģһ֮󣬾ͻһ㣬ͻһ֮磬ܹޱܵõ֫λôѹµܹǿ֫壬ܹӲ
ͷ˫צ񱩻֮£ѿиһģצ˸߶ѹϴľݵذ֮£оͬն˺͵ţƤһ㣬˺˰֣
˲ɱҶȻͺһһֱ˹͵ƿվ졣
ͷħȴ쳣׺һ˫צֵס͹ͬʱһë׵Ĵβȴ쳣һһ㣬һ⣬ӲصסҶһͻ
ͷβ͵ȷܹӲˣȴ벻Ҷյнһ׵
ৣӰӶͷħİβ͵ͷ˳ȥ䵽˲ԶĵطѪȪӿ˳
βȷһصسҶСϡ
һҶ·һƹ㣬һβͳ˳ȥ
ǰδеʹͷħһ춯ŭ˫һӡ
һȦɫȻɢ˳ȥըˣһ¾ͽǺ㶼ƿˡ
ͷħһ͵תͷһ˫ĵ۷ŭעҶ
Ȼ䣬һΣյĸоҶˡ


036 Х
ƣͷߴķħſڣ׼ҶһֽС
кȻըѰһزƣһֳ״㳯ҶȻϮ
һԶϴ͵شеҶģͷħǶХ
ҶоԼһæ֮У׵еĳ˫Ƽٵػ
ֲ˻ط磬һƣһ͵ӿȴǽտǰһ֮£һ¼ǽԼǰ
ǵ͹ͷХ
һֻ֮˵һ죬ԭز
类͵ͷһ㣬ͨһԵڵˡ
ͷħǵХȻܹڼȭЧ
̵ġ´һҪһ
ߴ˶ϴŭԱ߼һﶼѾͳƴסͷħ
Ҷɵ˵ϣоʶЩģˣԼǰҲЩƣҲˡ
ƴһʶԽѰҵ˽ʣ5ʥ
֮£ҲֻʥĹЧϵһиЧ
Ƿʹʥ
ǣ
߾ȫ˺ʵһʥһˮٵĹⲨѸȫ£ʼѸٵԼ˵λá
Լָ֪Ҷ߽˴ϸص˵ĵطһϢΧţѸٿʼȬ
оԼʶһһνػָҶһ
ҶûУûĻ͸վϴžݵƴħ񱩵Ĺһ߳ŭ
ҶʥָٶȺȴܹ޸һ˺ʵǲɶõֻǲ̫ڼҵսѡ
һõˡҶЦؿԼռнʣ4ʥվһ
ոһʥ޸ȫĲ״̬
սʹ˿ʼɣҶװֻ϶ħ̾˵ĻһɫĹⲨѸɢȫ£װϸǿݼӳ֮£ʱоࡣ
ҶȻһζˮ̤һ㣬ڿһĲ˲Ϣ֮ͷħǵࡣ
նҶͺһٰڶ֮£ûһƬĿĵӰӭħǻӻצ
໣һŭӴ϶Ȼһ֮£˫һӣһɫĹȦһ쫷Ȼ˿
ΧĶϴޡͳͳɱƿˡ
֮䣬ҶһĵӰͷħǵצԺʮȭצҵؽ֮£ʱžžͿ쭡
ҶȭٶȾȻ˿ѷɫͷħǡ
ʮ֮ҶȻֱۼ̽סͷħֱָۣһһ֮£ϥڵһǶӾϥײ֮£޹һ㣬͵سͷħǵСͷǵСصһ졣
ơͷħǷһƳʹһ³صĴͷħЩʺ˳
ԱߵĶϴó׽ս漴Ʋ̧ŷߣһٴ͵С£ͷַһҺ޵ĴͬʱͷСλãһը
һʮ͹ͷħСλãѾͷħҽжˡ
徢Ҷһȣһչһ㣬һֱһȭʵʵӡͷħǵԴϡ
飡ħԴϷ·һɾ޴ĳײĵ˳ȥ
ûվħǵ­֮͵طһƵı죬·ըѵһ㡣
ħǵʱԭأƬ֮ͷħǵ彥ͱǿ׵λãʳճٺڵѪˡ
ҶոǴһѾͷħǵȫ˿
Ҷҡһͨһ˵ϡ

һҹս֮ľƣ
ҶǱһѪζǺˣ˯ۣȻеë׵ģЩȺĸо۾һͷߣһ˫ޱȰԹؿۿͱǿ״ŸɺԵѪա
ҿҶŵñ߳Ӫ֮кֻذƤԱߵϻ߰ͷħǡ
һԵһֻصðŹеˮԱʳ϶һԻӵ⡣
õһţĥɵذףƤٶȿþˣֻƤ첿֮ԱߵֳסƤ͵һߣ֮£ƤͲӾѾ
ĶȻǳµĸֹˡ
Ҷ㣬쵰Ϊʲôͷŵߣ
һ׸ţһ߲ΪȻʼ򣺡ҿȨ
Ӫ֮УһŨҵѪϢѬҶűӣüҲݣǴ糿רŪͣȴŪ⣡
ΪʲôŪ׸̧ͷСֵصħǵƤֵǮģʮħǵƤֵһǧӣ
ҶʱԼһĹүȻȺΪǧʦһ˵ȥĻ϶Ц
һΪǻȰͷءҶʵ
ģȻӦȨ棬ϴµĹءʼͷһƤܵȫջˣ˵滹оأһͷͲ໻еħˡ
漴޳ܵصٺ٣ҪҴͰƤĻҪǮġ
Ҷ漴ŭһ
һԵĶϴʢһ࣬ݸҶҶ٣ȳԵ㶫ӰɣȺǮۿı
һ׵ĻԭʼܵļҲ֮ˣͷǵХֻٻȺģû뵽֮Ҳôֹ£ҷʤϴɫأµصһֻеķħǲܹ޳Х
ҿɱǧĴ˾ȻӸײˡҶٵ˶ߵѪ裬Цһ
ҲӲˡļЦּܺգûܹڷħХ»ǲʦĸ֣ܹסϣŲֹܵ
ʦľ硭ҶȻ˵еҶܳϣ漴˵ͷԱߵ㣬ô
ң۾漴Ʋͷļ۸ܰģҿ𡣡
˭˵ҪǮˣҶƲƲͷ㻻
Ŷһ´ڵҶǰͷ뻻ʲôܿڣ
似ûУ׷ؼҲҪҶڵ


037 ˫
ҶӶϴĿе֪ǰһóǼҲ̰ƣѼ书ؼҲһ͵ĹֻǺȻƻҲǳصģ쵰һ񾩳ʱ򣬱ҵĲˣһ·׷ǧû׷һ˫ȡ
Ȼûн֮ڷһ׷֮ȴǽвرض˳ʵʵһСƣʹĲѣ󲻵֮ϴֲˣ϶οʼʦġ
ɽˣϲЦտһ֣Լó׸Ҷְͷק˹ʼ׸
ͷ֮֮Ϣһ죬漴·ˡ
Ĺŵ֮гһЩҪǮҪʦ֮⣬⴦նĻ֮Ҷ׾ٵؾҵ˲ϡеĲҩ
Ҷҩʦļ֮л˲Ѫ˲ҩܹƳĻðľܹһݱĻᡣ
֮󣬶һн׶Ʒ书νץ͡ҪҶ֮˾ٲԥֻֿһ·ĻȴˣǱ˳ԿԩͷҶ׬Ǯռ˴˵㡣
ǰɳĬԣϱСɽһƤͷ鵱ԸľګټһħѪͳΪԱ
һ·϶ǿɵЦİƤɲǸǵģһۻҵַ֮Ƥݵõ޶ȵıȻ˸ݡ
ͷԴضŶϳɹһöƴСξˣֵǮˣͷѾ׵ֵǮĶֹˡ
ͷǿƳɹǿƳɼأƤƳɵ׸
㣬һ·ɵЦʲôأԱ߶ǻӵնžɵЦģΪͷ漴ԱɫڵҶһۣٺЦҶԩͷһѣôгɾ͸翴ž˳ɫ
ϴĿɣž˵ĳɫãһһɫľڿлһߣ˶ǵ֮С
Ҷ٣ǻĿˣǶƷľˣϴнӹһžˣ͸һ£漴׸㣬˳侮ʯسŪҶһ䡣
ͿˣԼϲͺáҶһߣһĿתؿе书ᣬһ
˱ԵҶ٣Ҷ㻹֪ͷϵƤëҲúüƻһ£ȫܸžˡ
٣ĻûꣿҶһеľᣬƿڴͷѾڵѪˣĻۡ
˹Ц
νצн׶Ʒ书Ҳһ޵书ַΪ͸ָ罣ܴƽƤ⣬ֻ书ɵ˴еȥȭ¹򣬾ԼĶ̽ҲǴ书нġ
ˣڶϴ˵УҶǳ׻ˡ
ϴȻϣֵ֮ΪҲȴԼֵӵм̵ľ
ҶȴôΪġ˻طơ͡ˤ֡һһգ赲ơСͶֵ͹ֹȻȴʼǷȱһɱνצϳץ֮⣬͸Ǵĵָڹеʱٵɵ˲ɱְԸɱˡ
ǲᡶ׷䡷ǲˣ˶ʮһֿƴ½ɫķƷǹ򲻸ˣҶҵŶõķ䡣
һ׵ġķ͡ԵķҶ˵Ϊ
СķܹҶľ־һӶֵܹûԻþ֮ķǽҶʡݡһܹ˶ʱٶȺͿ˲Ϣ֮֮زز
ַ䶼ûʲôãǳʱЧΪ15ӡ
䣬ټһԵװٺٺٺ١
Ҷ鲻ԽغٺټЦ漴ͽؼŽԼĴռ֮Уһ
ԼΪһ֣Ѿָտɴ
֮֮󡣺Ȼ䣬ҶԼоһɺܲĸо·һ˫ܹԼ۾ٰһ㣬ͷġ
ϴֵؿҶһۣʵôˣ
ҶסʵĵɫصصҺȻое㲻ԾޣǸ֡
һݣֹ̾ͣס˽Ųһۡ
Ա߶ϴ˰ΣȻڵ֪λѰܷһ棿
˵ҵĳôԭǸɵˡ
кȻһ
һɫӰһƬƮҶ㣬ƮƮشӿ˵ǰ


038 쭣
Ҷϴ޲һɾ޵ĸо
ǰӴһ򵥵ۣĴݰףһ𪣬İϣһ˫޳ķһЩȥü续
кᣬ˼ΪǰǸˣ˼䲻үǵȴһָ߸ϵİ·һڴһȺūŰ㡣
椶ûҶͶϴϸһʱûпᣬ˵һ䲻ʱ˵Ļ
ҶԼԼоҪˡ
зһһƾâȻһ
ŲһٿڿкػһӰת˲Ѿǰһŷ߶
żǰѸ󡣶ȴ񵲵ĻᶼûУֻؿŽżԼ
ǴһζȻǰʵĳʣ˹ȥ
н³޷Զ߶Ľżȴǲ䣬Ȼ٣һɫ磬Ľ档
飡𣬽Ϸ۷ءˡ·ܵʮĴ󴸺һ㣬͵³һѪƮ˳ȥ
ڸֽǴرƵģǲַĽʾѣԲŻֻۣǻѰİֽһܹѿˡ
һ漴֣ص˭ҷϻ
ͷԱһֱĬ޶ʱѪ졣
Ǳģִڸ书νĶˡ˵ͶǵĹϵҪãͻŭ˫һΣϵıĶˣͱѾС
һһͬʱһ޴ĻΣͬʱ͵˹ȥ
صıһɹ磬ݺݵس˹ȥ
˼ˡӵһЦȻ֮һ̽һ˫紺е˫ȻƼƻһ㣬ǰĴץ˹ȥ
˫֣Աߵ඼¶һ˿ʼ֮ɫ
飡ֻ˫˫չֳ˾˵һֻס˴һָֻǯ˫ǻҪǵ֣Ȼץס˸У
ؿŶͷ亹ֱޣ˫סرȻζһ֣ʯ䣬һɶ˦ľݵ޵ϡ
޹ǽ֮£ƺһѾɾ˦õ˳ȥ
꽣󣡡
ʱ˿̣ԱߵȴѾԼķ׼ˣֶֻ̹ڣ߾Х
쬣쬣쬣쬣öҶ°ķУתš
вЦ˼Ȼ۾ʩǾͨķˡ
̧鹭ңңָУͺһɱ
쬣һεΧƬķнһ㼤
෢ķ֮УȴЦѣҲöˣֻ̧ƽƽƻһ¡
̧ƻһɲǣҶһƥĺһεȴ쳣ɷѹ
ȻԶҶȴоֱѹͷƤȻһ˵ľϷ·ج֮һ㣬
෢ʮ֮С̧һƣȻꡱһر鿪Ȼֻһεľ磬ɢ˿
ɫٿȻ䣬ĺ˼
ߵķǿ۶ɵģϸʹߵľһʧȥƾķͬ׳нһ㣬ɢ˿
ߵȭһȻ֮£ֱӾܳɢ˷֮еһ˿ߵȭⲪȻһȴ֡
еȭƷףδظߵĹҶ⣬ȭȴ쳣ƴ󣬲֪ҶҪ١
ȭ⣡㾹Ȼȭ⣡Ա߶ǴһĿɿڴС
ţʵôʶҲˡеص
ǺॣԱҶеƾմһ֮£ĵһаص˹
죬ʵһɲǣƼʻᣬʮɵȻһ㡣
ףҶ⼲һüľҵһ£зһ˿֮ɫ벻ɫȻȭе˼ˣ
ɫЦһȻǰ̤һ
ߣΪƾèĵҲܸұȣ
һ䣬ʱɽ˸оԺһ㡣
ȭַ֮ΣһȭҶպ
һȭûзκεҶȴȻоһɱҵ⾳һײŵĳ峵ľ㣬ɺ嫱ҵȭ⣬ȸոƵ෨ȭ
һǼ򵥵Ĵȭӭû˿ķҶƺѰ֨֨
Ҷ⣬һȭ֮£ʱͬ߹һ㣡ͱ׷ˣ
ѾױˣҶƥһʱͱ׳н˿ֻʣ˵ĵС
вмؿҶŤŤһʱһЦ̧һʳָᵯҶĵϡ
ԣҶһ£ͬʮشͺһ°㣬ĵغ˺üյѾ˳ȥһֱԱߵĴ棬˵زˡ


039 Լ
俴Ҷ̺һ˿ɱ
ᣬʦ֮δ̤룬Ȼ˵⣬˱ֳѾв
ˣ㣬ҶҪ֣ҪˣԱ߶Ǵе͵ؿȳһѪ
Ҷ໥һۣǿѹͷŭ𣬻ظԽС
ӵ˵ָһЦ㵹ͦʶʱģǴĳָô㣿
ĳԱߵɫһ䣬ʵ
һָͷѪɺԵƤޱص
Ҵģ޹ءҶվ˳ŭȵ
ƨϴڽǹѪ漴ŭЩħǴҶзݣ˭Ҳܣ
Աߵޡࡢɫ࣬һԲĬĬؼ˱վҶıһŭĿӡ
ԣ˵ѾʮֵˣΪ飬Ϊȫ
еɫʱüƺЩΪһ㡣
Ҷֱ飬кȻһüëչˣƺ뵽һ⡣
ֳλֵƷζͦصģҶٺЦҪһ䣬ҪǮﰡȻ⣬ǣֵǮĶóɡ
˵꣬ͳһƱڵϣԱߵûԥ漴Ҳϵıʯͽָ㡢޶ϵֵǮ˳еǰ
λ̨ҪЩĻǵ־ѵڿծʵڲʹǷԺ׬ǮˡҶʮֳֿص
ŰڷԼǰǰһСѲз·ҭסһ㣬Ӣ΢΢鶯һ£һĨΡ
νֲЦˣЦҶ˵Ƥ붯Ҳ뿪˵Ҳ˵ôֱ㶵վѲƱǰһʱ䲻֪˵ʲôˡ
ֶиֵϺȣǳɵĵӣ˶ǰ׼ɾûˡ
һ쾳ĸ֣թһȺΪӵʦѾʮֶ۵ˣ˴˸ʲôʵ飬˽ǮƣȥЦ
еݼʵҶֿȰ˹Ӱ۵ˮ׼ǲԶˡ
ҶѾ׼ǱĳĿģҲǿǰæ˹ؼ
Щ⳥Ӧù˰ɣˣλ֣ǾȸˡҶַԱߵĶǣޱȣһһ׵Уص
ţվסҧĥڵݣһ
ҶЦһͣס˽ŲӴͷ˵°ɣҪΪ⳥ĻЩ˵СҲֻȥˣǾ򲻹㣬Ҳִеģֵǳһ
˵꣬Աߵ޺ˢһ˱
бҶһйӰļңظըķΣصǵĶߣҲϡЩ⣡
㲻ϡЩȴҪȻ㲻Ҫ⣬ǾͲˡҶû˵һЦصļ㹷顣
˵꣬һ˰ѵԼĶϷˡ
иֶؿǰݳһ硣
ҶٺЦų˹֣ɽˮˡ
ţҶΣصҪǰæ
㿴㣬ô˵ˣαػģСҶŲǿڽǹѪĶǣЦ˰æ̬𣿡
ɫ࣬оԼƱһգʧȥеȨˣ漴һԲشӻȡһֻƿһ裬׸˶ǣ̷ȥ
ŷһλֵķ緶ҶЦˮݸ϶Σصåǰ;ְҵʵʺʲô˵ɣô˵Ҳֻ֣ҪǮΪǿ߷񣬶ȺΪӵʦ˵ҲǶ˵顣
ǺǣӱҶݺݽ˼ֹĨǵ䣬ɫ΢صҵȻҪǰæˣҪЩΣա
̶ֳȵеѣôЩ°ܽôܰﵽ㣿
ܹҡеصʦרĿǡ
ֻ˵ǵŵѣʦͬҲΨͼģװװæҪ˵ðΣˡ
ûǮӶ˵
֣һѰĵӶ̹軧ũҲ֪ҪǮģȻˡҶصǾ͵ǮǺҲңΪһλǿЧ͡
жͷʱ͹Ҷÿһ仰յ룬ҵ˵ȴһȴ޷Ӳѹʱ޵ġ
ε˰ΣȻһʳָϵָкȻһϸСѺŴץһĲԳһ£Ȼ˹ȥ
Ҷּ֮󣬴һʱһ
õȻʲô鱦ˣ˶ʮ˶ľˣҫѤ͵Ĺ⻪ҫΧͨһſž涼ɢ쳣ǿҶͷľֻǿ
ЩɢҶھǼʶľ˸ǿ
涼Ƕ޾ˣȡģ㹻𣿡ص
Щ˵ļֵȥˡҶЦصݸ˶ϴðɣǷǳΪһλǿЧ͡
ҿȫԸذ㣬÷ģǰܹ֮Ӳжĥɱ¿ǡ
ãҴӦȭͷһ죬ݷＷѹһ仰жʱ׹

϶Ρ㡢޺˵۹ˢˢҶϡ
ֻ֡
ݡ


040 
Ȼк޵ҧгݣҶҲòϣеĵҩʮ죬õҩ֮Ķϴϵĺܿ죬ǻҪ޲ߣѾܹԼˣԵþ쳣档
еҩЧõĳ浽˾磬κڵƣǰɱ޵İҲһɨա
ֻҪڶһʱ䣬˵ϴ书ܸһ¥
Ҷս𵶣ߵߣ漴ʵι֣δմĸɵĵӣ
ʵ飬Ҫʡص
Ҷʼʵι֣˵ҵĵⲻǵָǿ
ҪǿԼȭ⣬һҪϵʩչҪӦ⾳бŸ첲صıڤȭ书ͼףɵġ
ŶԭҶ۾ĵƷֻһʱ򣬺Ȼ򵽵һ˿⡣
׼е˼Ļ⣬иᵽѧһ棬вŻʡ
еصĵ͸ޱȣǷ⣬ܹҲûϡ棬ȥϼƷϵƵ⡣
ɶҶתͷʵ书ģȻҪϵӡ֤
Ų㣡ЦһƷӦĹͼףʺ⡣
žһžɵҶУȶصˣṦȥһ£õϡ
ҶһķƤдţнƷ

٣ʲô˰춼Ա߷ɧ
ΪɵBҶᣬζĶš
У޷޵ضҶ˸ָ
ᡶǴӡ䡷ݻһɹϹŻʳʱԪɵĸ߽޸֣һͨԪһߵ棬ԪӶݻһš䡷һλڽ׵ĸ֮󣬾Ǳо淨Ϊʹš
Ҫǿľ־ҲҪۻڹרſߵԪ˸ֱ֮ɲ⡣
ҶȤĻϸڵʹܹȫÿһ⣬𲽵شﵽ׽ϴЧ
㷭˷ۣûҶķ̣תϲ̵ȥЩµõľȥˡ
ԱߵĶϴóһž۾һһŵض⿴ž˵ĳɫԱߵһ˫ţһգգؿţˮҪˡ
ɫҲЩˡ
ֻڲԶһϴղͣغţ̰γ˼ԵĶԱȡ
ҶЩһе⣬ջĿ̾Ϣһұ֮ˡ
æƨƨߵظ˹ȥˮҪˣͷصϴҿЩ˳ɫǻǸϽ˰ɣ
ܹǶʮŶƷˣƷˡǷеĴӣһţζҶƷľ˾ͶָҶɣĶƷǶˡ
Դˣ˶ûʲô
ҶŶϴеĴӣԥһ£ڵϴһ˸ɴҲˣһ֮⣬ĸʣµܹǮһ£֧ǡ
棿ðСӾȻôǮ۾һ漴ŵʵʮž˿ɲСĿ
һԿһޡҶһתͷ˲ԶУؿߴٵǻǸϽһ°ɡ
æס㼸ֹ
ԶϵбĵؿȺСһۣ漴мתͷȥˡ
Ƭ֮󣬶תЦ§סҶֵܣǺôദһҲҪ̫ݲǣǷ⣬ʵǸ缸лмƷľˣܹճʮ˿ƷľˣÿͰмһܹʮӣ۸񹻹ɣ
٣ֵأµôݣǱҰѼҵ׶ͿղɡҶжʱϲװһҧгݵ˵ͷһСƷ漴ӻеһƱݸ˶ǡ
ӻʸҵĶĳһֺɨ֮£ܹ׬ȡƱ鱦л˰͸ƮʮҶʮڻʮʣİٶ
İٶ٣УºܿҪ⡣
ЩƷľ֮ǡÿԿһ׵װҪϵװ߳һ
ԱߵӯƮصϢûУ·ɡ
֮ͣͣ£һ·ϣмȲͷ֮£һʱ䣬ԽƬïܵĴ֮ǰȻ
ԶĴɽεضɽŵཻ֮ȴһģСĴϵķӽשߣ۴αȣٲȻ
еصˣˡ
ҿҶ˺ܰ׳յ⣺ﾹȻ̣
ָԶɭɭɽصĹŵܵĵطܹɢʮĴɽеľÿһʱͻɳԼ꣬ʳԪҺ˺ܶΣΪڣһʱκβҾԸֻҪȰЩС궼𡣡
ϴһжʱһٱеʮ˴˸顣
˵˰ˣ⹷յľǵնأ
жΧɱĿӶ
Ҷڶеʮ˴ʺһ飬Ȼ侲һ⣺ΪΣ
Ѿʦ۷塣еص
ڳе˽ʵʵصһʦʹͷԪѾܹԪܹڱ仯ˣ
ǿЦһλʦľɱǼˣֱͬһˡ
Ҳôġ赭дصдһǿҵţֻҪͷˣǵ͵˽ˣ鶼ˡ
׼ɰɣһλʦҪɱͬҲ練ơҶҲеӣЦæϾͻæĻˣڰ£òͷ
ʦڡжķţؾ


041 
ϴ򼸺·ͬʱס˺һ㣬ŵؿųڵС
㾹ȻȻ
ʲôϡ𣿡дһ˿߸ϰ츳ڣֵʦָ㣬Լֿ¿๦ʳֵǧҩǶ಻ʤԲľ硣
ϴ٣˱ˣˡ
ԽһСɽͷ֮һǰ
ϴ˻һ˦󲽳ǸС˹ȥ
Сȴȫ߽֮ҶػһСƹݣʱϲæ˽ȥ
ƫƧյһԴϾͲָɽ亣ζ֮ˣСƹֻеĹӾƺҰζļҳ˶ѣΧŴãԺȵΪʹ졣
лߵ˽ֻҪһˮȻԼɽȡʳ
һϸţһҶ˸һĨεɱ
Ҷоȫе̫
жɱҶǲе⣬ΪҶ˵⣬չֳѾо˼ɵ
ǵ˵ĻҲˣвڵĻҶӦʱչֳǻۺıԡ
˼ȻѾԼĵˣô͵ѿ״̬͵ȻĻһ˲Լ¾Ҫˡ
ΪʦŵȴҪ£һʱѹ˶Ҷɱ⡣
ǺȻÿӴ˴Ҷ̽һָպպˮдզ죿ҿƺɱġ
ھĸֻ֣ǰԴһ漴ͱһƴ߹ǣһ·˶ųĬǽ
Ҷ˷ۣզ죿һĻҪߣ߰ɡ
ϴɫһݣĬȻƬ̣дһ𣿡
ҶǷģôҲǸмϴıߣ򲻹ҪܵĻסҵġ
˻һۣ˵ͷ
ˣҸطϢһ°ɡϴֲ̧øɾϵˮۣ漴ڵ⼸չ˯̣岻ãϰ壬պûУ
ƹҲӪջ˵ǿջںԺ徲ĵطúɵһӡһ̣ͨյůġһȥоֱ͸Ƿ죬ʮֵĽⷦ
ϴ㡢ܿ˯ˡ
ͬʱƹĴ棬Ȼһ󾪺
ˣ˷ɿشˣæ˳ȥ
ʱѾǻƻʱ֣ȻֲָϿһɭɭĺƣ·ɽ¥һ㡣
Զɽ֮УȻƮʮīɫƹ⣬ƹ֮з·ڿһ㣬һ˰ߣͷɢĹӰȻƲг̽˳צץ˽ֵ¾ʧİգ
ãҲ̫ˡ۾ϸɨӹƬīɫĺƣصһɡ
˷׷жϵװʼ׼ȡһֻƵͷԼԴˣֻţǰǣǿ沼ɫơ
ǷӦٶȴˣԶϴرǿķһǿرƵģ沼ɫķרſƸӰꡣ
֮򣡡ȳˣֻһ֮£һ˶Ѿ֮ˡ
һӣŷ֮Ѿ˿Уһװر졣
յ֮жʱһǷ֮ըѳһ˶Ŀն걻һ𵴵֧˿һ֮͸˽
ʼսһһӻȡһֻɫĳͲ
ǺॣҶʵӵնʹ⡣
ৣһɲǼ䣬еԼǹɱҵ⾳˲ڵϣȻ˳ŵȥ
ѩĵһһ׵״ۻĵ֮мһɸ֮
εƿ֮кȻһ޴ѷ죬Ҷһ֣һ·ʮͷȱεĵһٽ˿
һɴ̱ζɢ˿мŨҵ
꣡ͷӭ걻εĵһ֮£ʱɢ˿
ҹս˷ҶһȣѤõĵҫѩĵһ㣬ΧһѩĴ֮еҵĵơ
һͷһͷгɱع˳عצ
Χϵ񷢳ֵһƬɹĳ
꣡꣡ԱߵȼҲ׷״óɫͲ׼Χ͵˹ȥһɹʵҩ֭Ͳ˳ЩƮ⧲֮£˸֮õ̾Ϳʼڻ
ϿһɺЩ걻ɺһմ֮ԭѸƥͣӰҲ֮
Ҷǰͬʱȭӭͷ⧲֮£ʱҶһȭ˸š
徢Ҷȭһһɱըͷըˡ
ͷԪδɵܲɱҵȭһӾͳɢ˿Ҳۺϲˡ
ؼУоߵ飬ɾߡ֮أԪٳɣɢЩϮʳ꣬󲿷ֶ߻Ϊ
Щ߻Ȼ񣬵Ͼûʦľ磬Ǳǿ˻ǣ꣬ȡԪ
˻ط磡Ҷһ󳷣˫ƻƻ͵ʹ˲˻طƵľ
˫һǱлͣһҺ£֮£̾ͽͷͬʱۼһ
Ҷһ֮£ͺһȭһҵسȭͷ֮䡣
꣡·ƾըһ̾һ㣬ͷõ⧲֮£̾ͱȭͷϸƥġ徢𵴵֧˿Ȼһǿձȭըһ
Щ겻ֱơıըĹҶı徢ϻŵһ֮ûиϵĿˡ
κҶƾԼȭͷꡣ


042 ǧľ
ͬʱкȻһعЦ
߮һӰ쳣ظ¸¹Цһһҷ衣
һȻͣڿУ˷·ס˲һ㣬ڲͣس鴤ţˡպաʹ
ʱıǿ֮кȻʳө׳ȴҲήһε˳
Ҷģɻ飡ϴĿѣһæ̧һպɰԼĶͷϹһѪ
ͷɢһƬ⣬ʱҫΧԲһƬɫ
Ͳ·ҪǮһ㣬ɺħҩ֭ԱЩϡ
ǹԼæˣΨԱߵҶ
һɭɭӺ⣬ҵҶ
Ҷеľ棬ضסԼĿڱʺһɱ͸ǣҵϢоȫ£ƺЦڵѪ·ʼСһѸһ㣬ʶҲʼģ
ƣҶձһ֮һǿ˲ƿسüġ
һɺޱߵ⾳ȻɣüԼӹ
ӡ֮кغڰ׹Ӱһķ羹Ȼر˳һһӰͷϡ
ΣͷǱһ1
ֻӰɻ鱻Ҷͷϵرȳ֮ԭѸΣͬճĽˮа㣬ûޱȡ
ҶͨĿѾ׽Ӱɻ飬Ȼ˫һһ֣ȵ˻ط磡
˫ҵش˻ХĻ˲ըѣҿ쭵͵سͷƥɻ顣
˻طƷ书һרſݼĸ֣Ʒʹÿ粨ӿҲһڷ͵ƷЩݵĸ֣ѰĻ֮ĸ޷ͻƷء
ȻŹͬҲЩˡ
Ʒ书ͷѸɻӭײһ֮£Ʈʱͣ
ҶѸȦߣŤת֮£Χƻ֮£˹Ŀ쭽Χӵֹסˡ
ҶǸȻ΢΢̧һָȵ
һ͵һ˿ɢ˿
ɱײкͷѸɻ飬·͵ײһ̲ճĽˮһ㣬̾˳͵״̬֮ˡ
ЩƣһӰԪȴǺ޷ȱ˷ȻȫЧǶԪ֮Ĺȴ޷ֵ

ҶٴζϺһмӵǧ˿ƵһӾͽͷɻ˿˿סˡ
⣡Ҷȫ׼ͷεһȣһ
һӰȴ쳣ǿıҵ⣬ȴݺͷϣȻȻ˳
꣡ͷɻȫһ󲨶ƵƤһ㣬ʱһıһٳ𵴵֧˿
֮ĿǣֻҪһ죬κ鶼ᱻ𵴵֧˿
ҶȻʮ֮һ߱ǿͷɻȴǴ´ˡ
١㶨ˣҶͷϺˮ죬ʱ³һ治Ʒ书ٺ٣׬ˣ׬ˡ
Ȼȴķ;һ·ʹ֮Ҷһٽ㡣
æӻȡ˻Ѫͻ̷ȥԼڵĽ
СӣȻҩУٺ٣㲻ãԱľепһĻ漴Цһ׳գҴӦ˲ɱ㣬ΪľĶ𣿡
ԶȻһؼ
˭ɱҵˣʵӦõõأкȻһ̶Զش˹
ĶУҶֻԼʶ·һʹиһ㣬ɫʱɷס
кٺЦ
Сӣ͵ɣ

ԶعЦһīɫƲŤȻէ֣ת֮䣬籼һ˲ϢϷ
֣ҶٺЦһ
֪СȻɱҵ£˰ˣҽվͽֲʧɣ¸¸¸¸¡īɫ֮ҹɰ
꣡꣡꣡īɫ֮УȻɳε̹⣬ƶɣƣһƿվ죬Ҷ˹
׹أħ壡ҵסҶһͷϵħһζһɶߵĽƹӴӣԼ˶סһҵɢ
ֻħϸĵһ˽ֻסȫһȦȦⲨֹܹ
ˣһɢ˿ҶīɫĽιʱڿбһ衣
׾Ҷ͵ͳ׾׼ī̽һգһ׵ҹȻڼڴСĹ͵Ρ
ī̽αľԣҶ׾ȴ˻ԡһ֮£ʼȼһƬһ
˵һ֮£Ҷ˴Ӷ˳ȥصԱߵһϡﻩ
ȵУĲúе檶ǴŮûƨۣ
Ҷ񶾵һ󣬷ɿشͳһݷ˿
Сӣܣľŭ̧һ֮£һӴ쫷Ȼӱһȷ˳ȥҾߵﶡҷɡ
ɾǲҶӰ
ףСܵȥˣضûҶӰŶʱסˡ


043 书VS
ԱߵҲסˡ
ոҶǸƷ棬Ҳܰ
飡ŭˣٴ̧һ֮£Χķӷ·ֽķһ㣬һƷ˳ȥһ·˷ƻ𽥵رȽвĵط
𲽱ƽľһ׼Űֻγ̾һˡ
ľԪ񻯳ɵĴ֣ҵĻһӵʱ֮кȻӿһ쳣Ҹ͵
飡ľԪֶʱɸ͵һ´˸飡
Ȼ䣬ԱߵķݶҷɣʱƳһ󶴡
һɫӰ𣬷ɵߣ̧һȭҺ
صԳԭ
ȭͷٶƺ죬һȭ֮һŻȭͷϲƹз·һȭըһ㣬һҵر
ǧҶľܣһķӦҲǼ죬еƥһȭһ֮£һīɫȻһƴСƺҶľܷǰһӨӨı̴ܡ
״Ҷһ㣬˸Žع󣬷·һɣ
ƿпԣһ纣ŭ㱬𣬷·̺ǧӿȭͷٶȻһ
֮£ǽʵľܱһȭը˿͵ըѳһŵľ֮ɻԭһƬҶ״ƮƮڵϡ
ߣһһȭը֮ڿ΢Ťһ£תۼѾһߵĽߣշ
һ˲ľԪϷȻ˲䵹ת϶£һѹ
յһƼͣȴһ̩ɽػƣɽתһƥһѹľϡ
ࣣľԪһѹ֮£·֮µļһ㣬һƸѹķ˿
ľʱһĵزҽУ
ľľ񣡸ҶľɢԪһת֮£ؾۼ
תۼ䣬ԪһζһɫĲľͬһɽӹľ˲
ٺ٣ľΪֻɽеҰȣû뵽Ȼ˵׹֮екȻЦ
κһ糵ת֮£˲ϢѾīɫľߣָһƵ޸ն
ƵһɲǼ䣬ֱߵĵ˸ǳһ㾧⣬ȵľѸ۳һɽľ޸һľľȥ
һ֮£ɵľ޴ɫӰ޸㣬һ¾ɫ֮С
꣡ɫһپͽԪľΣīƹ֮ؼˡ
ȴݣȻſڣ糤ˮһ㣬ҵһ˿
߾ſһȣīһؾ޺
¡īɫԪ⧲֮£޸֮󣬰Ŷһ޺𣬽ֳԪһ޺֮£ʱ𵴵֧顣
ɶ㵽ǺˣȻ˺ݶһԪ񣡡һزҽ
иոյʮȭĺһľ޺֮£Ԫ˺һƵľʮĹľԼͣͷǳɾѾãԪ۰֮࣬һ£֮£ڿٴ۳һš
ɣݣһ̣һһݶ֮ϡ
ηʱĽȴѸٵؽһƬһƬһɡǰڿչг
ھĸ֣ȻڿɷеģƾԼ뻯ãΪ̨гڿжͣǿġ
Ҫڿз磬Ҫ˵ʥ硣
ΧԪûһӰһ˫ֱ۽֮䣬ָ㣬ǹƵƸƱޡƴȭӰ˸֮£һҵغԪ档
ȻܲϲҶȴҲò书Ϊ֮Ѿһֳ뻯ĵز˵ľԪ񲢷ʵ壬ÿÿһȭԪȻڲһҵرԪɱ˼ޡ
һ˲ʹǧȭת˲֮䣬ͰľԪ֧顣
ϾҶɾǧľô׵رˡ
Ӧûк֣
СӣΪ˵ҵԪôҿֶΣһӰȻزҽС
ת֮䣬īɫҾۼһ̳תۼѾ˸߿֮С
īɫٴλһīɫΣֻϲ˿ӿݵĴѪߣԭƮȵҲǰǰ鶯ˡ
ľԪոһ͹֮£ʵ˴
ֻʦľܹԪϣƾԸһ¶ǱȽϳԿģֻҪһԪϷھ֮ȫߵˣѰܳϵĴʦǰȫһ߶ıɱ
Ѱĵ޷˺Ԫ
ʦ֮ȴ͵ӵ˿޵ɱɱȭ⣡
һ޺׳ɽȽ飬Ƴ򷨣ڵȭһƾԪͣҲκΡ
ȭ⣬ֱܹӾͽԪսɱӶӲ
Сӣʶһ¿ްķɣľЦһȻһУΧ֮еľ֮ڶɭɭϢ鲼˲ڿо۳ľ޽
һľ޽͹ɱ򰾢ᣬȻǷƷ
øһǵ͹ˡ΢ţɫⷨƴͳĵ
ľ˫֮£޴Ľ⽻֮֯£̵ĽȻƾˣ৵һ£ƿ𣬵
ſͷħȻ³һ
쵭ɫĻٿȻ˻һ㻺ϽһɫУ
Ҷɫһݣһ


044 ڤȭ
ǰйȻûдţƤ书羹Ȼھ磡ҶܻҪǿΪѾʵʵڵľ磡
쾳֮󣬹ͨؾڵԴԴ֮ߣȻɢҲģ˵ʦΨһʦǿģҲܶѡ
ǲھ֮󣬾ȫˡ
ھ磬ҪɢҵҪᣬҪվ͸գ˱֫һ硣
еڸԽɱսɵıѷɫѰĸ
ڸ֣ԶʹߵƴӴ˲ˡ
ȴûзسƾų뻯Ѹľѹסˡ
ӭƾˣƿľЦһָһץһգһɹҲһƬĥ̰ƾͷɡ
ܣ
е֮£һһŲַɳѾľ޽ǰ
ﾧȻ·̺ʯһľ㣬ľײ֮к󣬷˽ͷһ㡰ԡı̼ͱǿоĥǡľգۼȻ
¸¸£СӣҪΪˣվ㿴ҵѹ׾ܽ󣡡īɫȻӿһ̴ֻӣһɫķתۼһϸСذװľתۼһƬһȺ˶ɵʳһ㡣
ľȻһĹֽУʮָһ֮̽£ľذĳֹɣתȥ
Ʒ书ڤȭ
ڼӿ챩ϮϸСľصͺһ̧ջȭյݼľһȭ缲ֶ
һȭƽƽ棬ȭֻһػȼһ㣬߾Х֮Уȴһͷ޴ĺҵ
书ͬ죬нƷ书ڤȭ
нƷ书нƷ书֮£νһһ¡
ոһʽڤ̣⾳棬Ѿݻ˱ڤ³ϫֺ⾳רſһзʮֵ
ȭⲪȻһɲǣԱߵҶͷƤȻһ飬˷·˰µĺˮΧεȴ޿ײĺˮѹˣһεҪ˹ȥ
еһз·𶼱һεȴ쳣޴ȭӰ·һǵɽһ֮Уӭľ
еʵȭҪȸոտʼǹȭҶʱһ
ȭȭߣһ־ƣһֶ书ռֻоΪһʱ򣬲мļܡ
޳ȭⲢΪȼȴһҪԵеĸʦȭ⣬еĸ־ھ磬Ҳδܹĵ
֮һ쳣ǿȭ·Ѿƿؿռһ㡣
Ϯľһȭ⣬·ķɳײһż͵ϣʼͬţһ㻺رŤ˵һ㣬Ȼ׷׿ʼŤ˿ǿȭһ֮£ԭһľ֮
ľʱЩжʱ⣬ֻ͵ϸСУתһ硣
Ҫܣƿһָٿץ֮£֮кȻ˿꿦εȭһ֮£ķоȻһ˲䱬˿
ȭŵɲǣƯԪҲ·һεкڶסһ㣬ʼһ˹
ڤ̣ٴγ֣һ֮£̽צ
ƴƥһһٵ³˱ڤ֮Ȼޱȣ·ǿӵͶӰһ㣬˵ʶȻһ䣬ȭȵصգȴȻط͵͵غХһһĺ㡣
ХƳȭڿҲʼңһһֵǿš
ȭⰡ
Ҷճһͷƾľ޴ޣſ޿³ϫ㣬ľԪ㣬εض˰֮С
һȭ⾳ƴƥԼոȭ⣬һȣֱ㶹ͷѱȿͷ
ľԪ񷢳زҽƴţεȴʵȭѾƿأѾؽԪסˣƾ޷ɾ޴ȭ㡣
Ҷһͷ޴޽ľԪ񳹵縹֮󣬿϶Ὣɱ
ھֵȭ⣬ʵ̫ˡ
˵ˣۻʮΪϲߣҶһ亹ؿһֲæתܡ


045 
ȭⰡ
Ҷճһͷƾľ޴ޣſ޿³ϫ㣬ľԪ㣬εض˰֮С
һȭƴƥԼոȭ⣬һȣֱ㶹ͷѱȿͷ
ľԪ񷢳زҽƴţεȴʵȭѾƿأѾؽԪסˣƾ޷ɾ޴ȭ㡣
Ҷһͷ޴޽ľԪ񳹵縹֮󣬿϶Ὣɱ
ھֵȭ⣬ʵ̫ˡ
˵ˣۻʮΪϲߣҶһ亹ؿһֲæתܡ
ҶҪʩչضݷܣǿϵ˸ٸ룬ϴ粽Уص׸ж漴ˡ
һ̹ˣеֳԭҶ
С£300420ܣֲȻָũ֮ۡ
½׳ɹˣѾԭǸɫƤģ仯һɫĻ״ֻǻ֮гֳһɰСŮ
£а취ûУ
ҶָǰïܵĴ֣ʵ
󡭡ҧϸ۵ָͷһǰïܵĲݴԣ漴˵ͷ
󡭡Ҷһ֣´з˳һ˫ɫС֮£Χľߵ֮ĶOO@@ȻԶطֿһͨˡ
Ҷϲæ֮ͨ˽ȥǷǰ棬ΪҶٳһͨˡ
Ǽ͵ĲݸǾ̣¾տĿľ֮£÷ˡ
Ҷ¿ٳСŲ·ǰȥ֪˶ãǰһСɽ¡
Сɽϣһ޴شɽ֦ҶѾǿݰܵˣһִƥɫ١
˸λãӲ棬ȴбһīɫĳ˸Щɫӫ⡣
ľ簻ȻӰƣۿ޷棬׫дϸܾµĻƣȻһ͹ӰȻľ
ľбѿĲľϣȴһ߰׳īɫ٣ٲѾֱȽţϵҲѾɼˣȻľԪмƣ
鵫ϣɡ
ľ͹ٱڴ˵ȡ֮֮ﲻ֪˶ˣ֪ʱöϣȻɱϾ˾ϵһпľǧȴ漣ػ
ܽ󷨷ļ֮£ʹٽʶʹټȡ¾ΪһľͷľҲ쳤վõزīľϵĽ⣬÷
Ҳͷľķ
Ҷ̰Ķ£æ棬סľһק
ľȻ˿
Ҷʹ˳̵ʹΣȻ˿æԱ߷£е£һѣ
Աһֱڹս¿ͷ󺹵Ҷգһ۾ɻؿҶ
׳գ㲻Ѿ𣿼Ȼˣ׺ĻܣһҰγҶһקͷе
󡭡¶ʱ˹ڿмٷһ˫ɫСֻػζ֮£һɫĹ
ͨͨ·һżһ㡣
ܣһֲľָս
ɫһתɨһΧ֮ȻһŵɫĹȻԱ߲ϵϡ
쳣׳ȻؼŤȫɰͰ͵Ƥ°͸°͵ը
һĴֲڵƤ֮£·Ƽһ㣬޴Ĺ֮кȻ˺ѿɿһ̬ŮӰεضȫͷԶϸСߵľ٣˰޴ߴĴ׳٣Ψһ˫۾͵ģ
Ҷһ֮£ûε
Сֻңû˵ôң
ҶµĻܣȻͷľıˣһͷ޴ħٵپ
ͷоŹ֣
ͷپµָ֮£ֻצͬʱ˹סľ޴ѾһŹס˽󣬷һק
֨֨һ̶ˣľڵľڱذ˳ˡ
Ҷסͨһ´ϵԱͷĹپʮ˳ӵ״̧סҶ
ֻЩϲ˼̣Ҷ໵һѪƨ
㡭ҶָԱ͵ЦҪȻоΧղԣֻԶĵط֮شʢ
ӽֲµľѾʦľ磬ȻԪѾܹɵĳˣԪϾȫҪĵ̾͸оԼϵĲʣʱ¶һĨ̵ɫ
ľȻ췢һرХ
˭˭ҵ˭еľһŭ
ŭ˼㣬ԱڤȭסԪ֮Уرһɾһ¾ȭ⣬һӴһɢ˿
ģмľȻȭʱıףһչҪ˹ȥ
Χ৵ˣֻϸСľٶǵصس˹ȥľȴһƿ糯Լ崦˹ȥ
ȵľܻصԼϳ֮󣬿ѾûӰӵľʱסˣ漴ֿԱľګԭصپɵġ


046 ֮
ľΧپӦԼϢƬ̣عֽһԪ񶸵ػһƵɫֻ̣پıǿףವһͷپڡ
֮
ͷپһֱյ۾Ȼˣ
ɫͫ䣬һٴһΧը죡
һļ̌˫֣ʮָնţԿԵĹǽҲ˻Ƶͬɿݵľͷһ㡣
Ȼֻظ˹ȫµÿһλãֵĻƼ˸ŵĹ
ʱһ˫ɫͫϵҲ˹÷ḻ顣
˭˭ҵʧȥˣҵıҲȻøǿҰĿ๦ľһ˫۾쳣һ˵Ǳŭǿϲ㵽˭һҪҵ㣬ʬΣ
޴ɨΧΧɽ֮ľˡ
ľĿڱкȻôһӨɫģ
ߣҳ׻ָʵ֮˵ɣľ粻صغһ

ĿտԭҰ֮УһѸݵӰڿһĹߣ·ƨһ㡣
ʱ˿̣ľҶѾһ·Ǵͣط쭡
ľǸУŹġ
һܵٶȿǳԽ˼ˣʲô֮ͳͳҪǮʩչˣҹʱ䣬ܳһǧ๫һĹŵӵƳⲻԶĵطŶϢһ¡
𽥿Ƴ֮һ·Ҳܹˣʱɼװ˻Ĺŵһ·ɳ۶
϶ǵİΣôҶҲܲôˣԼֵزǶԣ御ˣܲܵȫǵ컯ˡ
»ɵĸֲﾫ֣ӵеļҲͬ˵»ͷپͻӵбסơѪ֮ļܣ»֮˲Ρѩ֮ҩݣȴӵвļܡ
Щֲ֮ﾫֻ֣ʱʣȻûʱޣʱòĻǻġ
󡭡´Ҷĳռз˳ҶίٵģСһţһɫĹ⻷ϡ
֮ĵڶȻָ
ҶήҲɫָЩѪɫ¹ɵطɵҶǰſؿλãһ˫綹۾Ҷӡ
ҶЦص˵µıӣСǸ鷳ˣҪܵÿ죬¿ɾˡ
󡭡°˸СͷĻˡ
Ҷ漴ʹԼԿռ֮УһԼĽɻսƷ
īľнױ渽ܣܽľ
ȻǼɽҶϲѽ
ļ𣬷ΪÿַΪƷȻͨ콣ɵţֻҲûм
ҶȻ߳һּڽ
кȻɳһ˱ϸذı̽⣬Ⱥӵһ۳һסֻޣһ֮£ֻްһͱʳһѪģ
Ҷ漴һϽ⻯һӰתۼԼϽһһס
ͬʱԶҶһһ϶ѻĲŹٵ˹
Ҷǰʸ·˳˳糵ȻеһɲԤС
ϣһŵضݷ䣬λãವһ˵֮С
ԶһĳХһɫӰԶһתۼͷɳ۵ǰ
߲ǱˣǸС
Ҳᳵϲˣ籩һ㴳˳ϣӰɣ꿦걬֮ڶͶͽӴж˿飬ҩķϸɨһ飬ʧ
øӣȻ˵񣡡Ȼߣ״֮£ʱȻŭ׷׺һ֮ͦ˱г˹
ߣͼȶӵжʱЦһһȭһǿ֮£׷Ѫ˿еıҲ˳ȥ
Ϊ׵ĳѵ֧ŭ㵽ǺˣȻ֪ҩǾɽ²ҵţһĻҲ𣡡
ţôת뿪УŲʱͣһ£һŵͷвЩ粻
漴ס˽ŲתͷصߣŵĺҪ˵ĻܵŸɣ
غһҲɵ㶵ˣתͳԶɱȥˡ
˵꣬һչ֮£سԶȥˡ
ŵĺ𣿡Ϊ׵ĳѵվһĵһְ
ŵĸôôҪŵӣƽ֪ưոݣ
Ϊ׵ĳվʧĵط¶һĨԹɫ
ϴ󣬸ô죿Ա߼򿪿ʵ
Ϊ׵ĳƺһ޳һѪ˿ߵô죿ҩҲʰˣֱϱʦţһҪúõظ㣡


047 Щƹ
˵ˣҲʰصҩģѵվһȳһյػųԶȥˡ
Ҷĵؿ˹ȥϵɢҩĺ鲼кһ㡣
ѪزΡ컨ݡҶɺײݣЩҩĲֵˡףЩҩģôоеأҶصҩģпʼֹ
أͷһҶԼԿռеĸְҵæԼʶеԽ
ְҵҽʦʦ
ҽʦܣѪ˲Ѫ˲
Ѫ䷽ѪزΡߡɺײݡ
ˣôˣҵҩҶȻһԴʱϲ
ЩҩĶԽ֮ҽְҵвѪͲҩҩģ
һ뵽ҶʱϸɨһΧĻԶλһƫƧС֡
ٺ٣ӴЩҩģɵҩٴܿ˰ɡ

ɭ֮УŲľ
ľһͷҼ׺ܣſһʬϣͣ˺š
Ҷɵһëһ㻬һ˫۾˸ŵ⡣
ͷҼ׺Ƕ׵ޣѰĵ޷пǲ͵ĺƤ׵߲ĺܣܹϵԼγһƬεġҼסӵѲ
ͷҼ׺ܵսѾԽͷҶشķħ
һ˵ӵǿսҲδܹɱͷܣ֮У͵ȴǺѰ䷢ŵӡ
6徢Ҷصͺһ͵һţ˲ͦñֱӹľ͵ش
翪֮˲͸ϵͷҼ׺ܵıһȭͻ
ʱû˷ʱ䣬ҩ֮⣬ҲûƷ䡣
ķ־;ӳʺ֮£徢Ѿ6ľ硣
һȭȴƥֱ˺ܵƤëһɲǣȭһεĹӰڡ
飡һ쳣۵ĳѸٹ˺쳣ʵƤë֮Уұˡ
飡ͷԼƹİ죬һ˵ڵˡ
ټ֮ܿнŻһѪ˷غ
ںܱҶȭͷЦˣ֮ǰѾԹá徢˸ɽţЧ6ı徢ܹţƤһسϸɸ飬ţƤȴ˿ơ
ոҶһȭγһɱҵĳ˲͸˺ʵƤë˺֮ܵб
ͬʱһĺӰվСɽһҵײ˹
໣δ˴ĺ˿ŭ֮УѸޱȵת壬Ʒֿޱȵ鶯ȴľްƣһС͵һƳ˹
ܣȴ鶯ұǼǳ𲻹
飡Ҷ͵һת֮£طһţ˲ɱĽż⣬ޱȵֱͷֱܵ۹ؽڴ
飡ΪˮһƺݺҶļϣһ¾ͰƤһȷ˳ȥ
Ҷʹһ˺üشӵѾ˿ŭ֮еĺܷŭ¡¡׷˹
ĺܣˣҿ㻹ܶãҶһЦºȻһ⡣

Ҷ֮£һƹ̰㣬ںܵΧתζչ˽ƻζսͷŭ֮еĺܸĿ񺿲ѡ
ͷѾ˺صˣԲ̫ܳõս
أͷܵôڽ֮вͣѪĿȻ˵ۡ
ڣͷصĺܣľһͨһ˵ϣ˶ޱȵһһġ
ҪҪסһƤëҲַԸ㣡Ҷ˹ȥһڣ漴ͳһƤͷܵϣͳһƬذף
Ҷڸɽھһض֮󣬶˽ȥȻصҩĶʰ˽ȥʼƻѪĵҩˡ
һ󳵵ҩʮ֮˾ŶƴѪʹҩģҶƿʣһС鶼ǱȽҩˣЩҩģҶһ£׼ȫƳ˶ʮƿܹ˲ĵҩ
ֻ˲Ѫ˲ƻҪһЩҩҶ֮пʼժ
ڽ˽һڵʱ䣬оǸ겻ɢвٳˣʩʩȻسƳǸȥˡ
ͻھ磬ⱲӶٳˣ٣Ҷһ߰Ƥһ߷ɧ
ʱϴ书ϵջ֮⣬ѧһ־տİƤɡ
Ҷֿʱ֮ѾýӰһһ඼Ϊ
Ǻǣλֵܣæأ
һǰ΢΢̤һһĵߵ棬ʵλֵܣͷı¿治С
ô£Ҷһ߰Ƥ˻Ѫ֣ЦҲǻһƤĹѣʦִģʦֿˣһȭͰ̵ܸڵˣ㿴ͷܱûˣȴѾˡ
˵꣬ƿ֣¶ͷܸѾѵࡣ
˵Ĳʱһͣ¶һǸӸЦһ̽ʵʦĶأܷһ
ŶʦȥǱߴˮȥˣӦÿ˰ɡҶһ߼Ƥһĵػش
ɫѿһۣ漴ڨЦҾͲˣæɡ
˵꣬ͬʱȥˡ
ҶһЦƤ;֮󣬷ɿȡˮϴɾԼϵѪ
ָܲÿһʦǶϴָ߷ڡ


048 
ɵBҶЦһɿؼٶͰƤ
ͷܵĶеλãһ뵰СĻƺɫˣⶼж˿飬֮
Ҷ룬ԱߵһҶȻȥˡ
Ƭ֮Ӱɿ˹ϴܻر飬ҵ⣬ŭ
˵ƭǣ
裡ҶȻһţһͷװҶ֮ȻɣҲʲôϸСĵâƵֱϮӡ
һĨ˺ϵĺڲ¶һ緵ۣ沼ķͼȴһˮɫҲһܹǿ־װʱҶۺˡ
Ӵһ˫Ʒ֮£һɫѸšٵһһ˶ĳ
ָһ֮£żתƿռһҹɰƿ˻
ɵ˲ɱҶһָһ֮£һѩķɵּϺȻһβơ
ɵڰҹһĿ磬ڰо׼סöβƴ͸˻𵯡
žȻըѿմ˸ףһ¾ըƬ
Ǹ߽׵ߣóּһ֮£λ泱ˮ㳯Ҷ˹
⣡Ҷǰ̤һȻ̧һ
ҶҲѾ5ľ磬һȻ
λ汻ɵһ֮£ʱȻըѳĻǣ
ԶԶûô򵥣öը֮漴ִһε
Ҷ⧲׵֮£ͱεġ͸ڣپ˵һ죬ǰȻһڣֻһѪڣŻ
˸еЦǣö絯ұըʱ̫ˣȻӭ˶ûзŹ
ùľǸӣͬ鷢öѵһɲǣһѶ̽͵س˹뱻˸ţҶҪء
ŻԱӻڵصſڵϣŻһ̲ˮǸҲܡ𵴵ͷһΡ
˻ط磡Ҷһŭ𣬺˫ͬʱſƴ
ҶȷӦģ籪Ӱ΢΢һһ֮£˲ͻһ߼ֱ۳ԲΣһỮ
ɣ
ֵһɲǣɫֵıԵγһݻεֵ
˲ɱֵ
ৣӻûͷתĸолֲָ֮£Ҷֵһնڲϡ
һͬиƤһŴͷ­תŷѪͬȪһ´ڳϸߡ
ҶȻ˫ǰһ֮£Ѹһɵİ
ǿӷһĲҽУϽǷɵ
ҶѾʮķɵ˲ɱ߭ľˡ
֮죬ϴʮֵͣƷʼߣҶϰһ֮
Ȼһöɽ䣡
ָһĴָСɫĺһɫַȻתȻճһ⣬ſкȻһѺۡ
Ҿ˵ҽôܻٵǮٺ٣һﻹ湻ǮġҶϲȡöָϸš
ǶҽŪĸֹؼԼһЩװ
ԹؼΪװǶҽģֵǮľһ̽
ɫ̽ıԵϸСľݣ沼˷䣬һˮβơ
ҶĴָϵγһѪ飬棬Ϸ˷ٿ˿Уת
⾹ȻһҶ۾ʱһ֮£ɽ䵽֮ˡ
ȻǱȲǿľʹѰʦͲԼĶˣһܹԼͻʦ

Ĺŵ֮˼죬ʣҩȫƳ˲Ѫ˲֮Ҷ漴·ˡ
ͷܹʥһȥţ쳣ۡ˲ѪȻȲʥЧҲǲˡ
ƳУߴĳǽΡʣ޴ſڳϢ
ƳǱǿɽΪԭҲһЩɢС䣬Ȼʱɧű߾ȴҲֻССֶѣûγɴɵˣһ޴ɽħһҲֻǽѢ֮ѣǬҳԱ˳ŵҲûκսĵطǡ
ɽ֮쳣ʢıʯȴǸıһУٸ֮ؽǣɵʮ֮һͨɵڴ˵ɵӡʹƳǽ÷ʢ
Ҷ߽ſڣֻſڵʿǸֳ̬־ִĹǹԱ߻мʿֳ
Ҷ΢΢ֹǹ⵹Ҳˣȴ׺쳣߰˱һ뷢֮£ܹǽڣʦĸҲ㿪
ţſڵʿ̧סҶȵÿһǵףҪȫ飡
УҪǷ𣿱үĶˡҶ⼸ʿһۣץ˼Сǡ
سŵʿҶ˴󷽣æصСɫѾ˼ġ
ΪʿתɫصλүܱǸÿǵףŮýܼ飬¡
үҪĶϹĹۣҶʱȻŭһѾʿӹȥǳعү˵ȻĻҲˣ
سǵʿʱҶͷ֮һ˵ˡ
ҶȻŵһ󵭵磬һӰӶ
žһը죬غӰӯһͷȻֵس˵ϡ
ſڵĶһ߶ʯ壬Ůһ޳֮󣬵ϵʯͷһʱ˿һı޺ʯˡ
ñ޷ҶһıӳֽЧɼŮ书Ѿ߽ʦľ磡
ˡԱߺȻһöһµŮ޳ȣ˹صλӣҪΪʿƳǣ˵Ҳõġ


049 Ưʦ
һŮվӣ̺ĴǴһĨƼЦݡ
ҶپǰһŮü紺ɽˮۼòӰȶѾ£ѵõǸ˵ĻüǷݳ߸ǿ
Ǹոһӵȴʵһոչֳʵıӣʱλá
⻰ʲô˼Ҷü
ҽɴŵĵӡŮӱŸ첲һ˫ĵӣЦӯӯؿ
Ҷʱƿԣ漴˹ֵʧˡ
ɴһҶ漴һЦλ֪Ƴڿı޳ûЩܹûΣеܹÿһŵˣ붼Ҫȫļ顣
ԭҲǲ֪߲ΪãɡҶɫֵ
ˣɡɴһ˫˲ɫָһţһҶˣѸɨӶ
һ·ɨӶ֮ɴɫɫҲ
ȸڳڰźõطס°ɣɡɴҶƬ̣Ҳ֮뾭ۣʽΪŵĵӡ
顣Ҷ
ûõġɴ嵭ص
ҶȵصɣҲûãǲҪ׼ͨͨڣ
ҶĦ°ͣ˼һ¡
ȻУҪ׵ЩǱɡɴȤؿҶһۣصɿɵʮ֮һͨ콣ɵţٴ󣬻ܴùɵôֻΪĥԶѣһˣҲùԹԵذڵĹ
˶٣漴Ц㻹׼ߣ֮еļֵǧ䱦Щ磬ǼҵҲδóϿۣúõУɳˡ
֪ˡҶƲƲ죬ĵĲʡ
үһɴŸ첲һ˫޳ȣصòͷԲɣҪȰ㻹ǻؼҵıȽϺá
ʦ㣬ҵΪڿǰ˽߰Ҫûе־̶ֳֵܼ𣿡Ҷ˽ϵİȻֻǲ뵢ʱѡ
˽ߵľ磿ţʱûʵðɣ˵ˡɴȻһۣʱеӣ漴Цԣ̬Ҳеڼˣɲʲô¡
˵䣬ɴѾҶ˰֣һҺĿջ֮С
ջдš¥
ɴ˽ȥƹ̵ߵߵ˹ͷƹ񽻴˼֮Ҷߵ˶¥
ҶһۣŵĲҵ𣿡
ҿջҿģ㲻Ҵλү׬ЩǮɣɴŸ첲Цӯӯص
ȻˡҶжϵİһ۵ֻ嵭㡣
ǺãҶٷԸˣСŮһ쵽ɴһЦ
ʲôþƺòò˶ҾϣүеǮҶ˰ֵ
ɴһۣ̲סЦ˶ʱоࡣ
ԱߵĵС̾˳ȥƬ֮һʢĲȰӣҶ۾һʼ̻
ɴԱߣŲˮֻǳһЩ嵭ɿڵĵġ
ǶͶ̥㡣ɴԳԵЦ
ˣҴ񾩳Ǹϵһ·ڲˡҶһߴԴȣ漴ͽԼĹŵ·һ˳ֱɴζ
ɴҲһգһͷľսľ֮۾ʱ
ɴɫصصøĺ𣬲Ǳһһ֣ȭ⾹ȻѾܹˣͷľ֮ʦľ硭
ʦ㣬Ǹ𣿻ȭ⣬ľ߳һôͻˣ
㶮ʲôɴһۣ书书ǵ߸¸λܹеģţͷ졣ֵܷó
Ҷ漴ʵʦ㣬ǱУмλڸְ
λϺƽ̶ѾھĸˣһеĵӣȴһҲûУǿҲʦ۷徳ѡɴ˲豭Цһ֪ǵͨÿʱ䶼ɳʹǰѲ飬Ϻõĵӣͻ쾳ĵӣͶԱʹߴصͨУõųϵָ㣬ҲƵĹ涨ɡ
ԭˡҶ˵ͷôƽʲôΪ
ɴ豭һڣصƽǵѾڵΪˡ
ֵϺȻƵسһӰһ·񱼣ɴ̴֮еɴʦ㣬ˣֵһȺ
ɴɫ䣬û˵Ҷߡ
ιιȸô°ҶС
£һ֪ˣɴŭһ䣬һ·쭡


050 
ֵС㳡ϣʮͷԳعȺϿշд󣬷ɵعֽʱʱظ嵽ȺУݺץһͷһӾͰ˺ɺü顣
ɴɫأȻһʣһ˦ৣһĨںڵıӰɶڿжʮ޻תۼͻıӰƿըѵڶ
ǰļͷСӰݺݳ˸ţʱһزҽȻһ⽴˵ˡ
ɴıѾʹĳ뻯ı޾һմֱܹ͸࣬ЩӭСһͳ֮£̾ʧȥս
ϵİյǷǳ򾲣һз׷׶ܵ˾ĵ֮Укü̵ĻǱ뺷ֳֹɸǹԿ䣬ȴЩƾһƤסˡ
Щڶޣȫ²ɫƬȴһԴߵȴԳ㣬ֻĳڿзѸƥ֮ӥ֮ݷǺѷɫ
ѪʳԽ
ͷСĶ˳һչ֮£ӿбҶ͵˶һ˫ԳצֱץҶԴ
˻ط磡Ҷһ֮£˫һƴ֮£ӿС˹ȥ
飡ͷɱСӭеһײ֮£Ȼڿһת
ҶյȻϣ͵ػһڵĹ⻡͵һ죬ĵ֮£ͷС˲촦ˡ
צ֣Ҷ漴һת֮£һץһסһͷ͵ϮСȻֱһ֮£ǦһתһȦһ¾ͰͷСˤ⽴
ʱ˿̣ЩСԣҶȻ˵׺ʱתĿ꣬ɹֽУһѷسҶ˹
˻ط磡Ҷһҿƶ֮£Χ˺ķһɹƾ֮£˲Ĳһۻ嫡
ҶĲ˻ط羢ֻǵĳͨͿͬʱҼѹаѿ׽Ҽѹ
ȻЩжѸݵСһ̾ͱΧصˡ
ǺॣҶպᵶ֣һѤĵ⣬ڲ֮ݺ۳֮£ת֮Щ޾ն׼һأ
ɣɴȻ㣡¸£ֵܵþˣߴںڵӰȻ𣬷쳣عЦһɹַ磬ɴ͵˹
ͷ쳣Ĵ˫չڵ˰֣Ȼòª㣬Ѿ߷ˣ֮Ҷϴͷ׷ħҪ
ȫ£ɴ纮һӶһ͵ըһı޻
ֻ̧֮£ıӰҷ裬еͷսһš
ɴ۱ʮ£һͭǽڰرӰӭͷ͵
ɣͷѿͣɺͷ򣬺Ȼֽһ˫Ȼǰһ죬һһơ
һɫϱ˿
նеȻֽһºȻһ⣬˫絶ɫĹն
ͷкȻһ˿ƻɫ˫ִֵ״
õʮֽʣɴȻһ߰رӣζ̵Уʮ֮£нȻشؽʱ˿
ͬʱһͷɴսĵڣȻڿһƣ漴縩£ֱץԴ
ͷķѾ뻯ĵزҲʮֵۻ룬õļ硣
ʦСģԱߵһŮһһ֣һķɸڿлһֹΣŴ˹һͷϣʱһ°ɡ
ɣͷֽһ˫צһӣ͵ץסŮһֻ첲ֱֱ֮س
ɣͷ˸¸µعЦ׳ֱ۽Ůֳ˷糵һ㣬һ˦֮£Ůʱͷ쳣ֵؼУӿ
ΣҶȻݶϼڶһһܣƽɶһӯط裬ֽŮսסˡ
ţһ֮£ս˲仮һ⻡һֱͷʺλá
꣡ͷҲ׺쳣ȻܲˣһХȭͷϺȻ˸һ⣬ӭҶһ
ԣ
ҵ֮£ȭͷѪɽĺ˼Ҷ֮һɵط֮£Ѹٵжϵ
ллˡŮҶڻ΢죬
лҶ˶Щ󣬵
ģŮȻһͷȻһ˫ץݺݵץҶ
ҶҲһֱ֮£ĵƿֱ䣬ֱͷλá
ɣͷ޴ĳһ֮£סҶһ
꣡Ҷһ͵˼㣬ĳֻɡ㱻һػһӡ
ץҶȻһƣץץһסֱָ͸ǣ֨һһ˾֮£СѾŤˡ
Ҷҵһ˾֮£͵һͷֱȻһ󹭵״ˡ
徢ҶͺһֹǽںȻһ죬ͻճ˷׶ȭ
漴һȣ˲ڽֱͦһȭֱͷС¡
ꡱһţƤĵıô죬ͷĺʱعֽѾȫȥ߹ǿһȫһ´ը˿
ҶһȭɵЧԶԶ徢İһӹ֮У𵴵֧飬ͷڴڵѪ
ɣһ⵽ػ֮£ʱĲҽУ߽ȫս


051 ɱ
ߣҶһκȻ糵Ťת߶ϼһ׶һͷСĿλá
һõȫȫδʹùо
˵һͷҶһ߽Աߵһ֮У֮󣬿ѪѾˣؿλȴ߳һ˶Ѫ
еɴڷӶеıžž죬޷Хغͷ񶷳һš
ͷʵʵڸҶеͷ֮ϡ
ɴһʹó뻯עնžžըƿձǣڿʱʱֱɵıӳǹ֮Чˣͷòɿ
ߣ徢Ҷشݶϼռ£һǳķߣֱͷı
ͷշ⧲֮£Ҷޱյһ׵λãͬһǳƵشһ¾صˤ˸ʺһΣѪ˿
ûŭתҶƵ裬굶һֱϣһѸ죬ֱնıһ
ۣͷһ˳۶ϵȴǷ˳ܸһҶҲۣһӦֶ׹ſſ̧ˡ
ͷһغӷϹ˵ϡ
ӵżҪһµȼˡҶնɵЧʱеЩ⡣
ոһɵİֻնĳĽ֯ȴûն˶Ĺͷֻʱ޷ˡ
ɣͷһֻѾʱŭȻɿ֮£ϺһĻȣһץݺݵץҶСλá
һץ֮£ֻצϷ˵ǳ߿⣬ɫѾһֻʵʵצӣһץ޼᲻ݵƣֱץС
ıץʵˣһ¾ܰҶĶƤͳһǰѳӸץɡ
Ҷһ͵һǸ֮£նرܿ͵һץһšһ˦ܾ㣬ವһ˱߶ȥˣ֮յرܿһͷһץ˸ա
ҶСλñץһ·
ķһץֻ֮̿˶֮צȻڿһ䣬ץλá
ָ徢Ҷһһţȫڽڷ֮£һָ糤ʣһֱָֻצ档
ץ֮£ָ֮£Ե棬Ծɢɫץ˿
ʱġνצץָϵĽƤľָǿѾȽܹʯսֱҡ
Щ书Ȼǿ֫ѸȴѰ޷ģԼս𵶾ЩߣȭŹⲫǶԸ;
ҶֻһԼһֱָһӲĶϣһ쳣ǿԵľָϣ𵴵ڽں
ͷʱֽһȻһڿһȭݺݵֱҶС
ָһץһţһɫѾȭͷɣƿձ֮£ȭϱݺݴҶСλá
Ҷʹһһ¸𵴵ĵ˳ȥ
ͷֻ۳ʵ֮йУʲôˣҶоСͬһ°㣬˵ܡ
ǺȻɣһأȴԸ˺
ͷ׷ĵڣһӰһı˹˼ľ磬Լʺλá
ɴڳûͷһɲǣȻһɫذףһذֱ£һ֮£ذй塣
ŮӿΣȴʮֵĺס
ܵ˵شʱ໵һֽУ޴˿ڴȻһŹⲨؽס˿ڲѿ͵ڿԾݶ
ϡﻩƬǵسХƬкȻһ쳣صĺХ̧۾ֻԼǰһӰ󡭡
ˣһı죬ͷԴһ㣬ͱԽѣ۾ͬʱ͹˳֮±Ž˳ȥ
ॣһõص˵ϣҶеһ˶Щ
üӲͷǰ
ͷıڶ޵ķ룬Ȼսôǿ󣬵ǿľˣոһ˵ͷǣҲ𵴵Щ顣


052 
㻹ûأһɴ͵Цͷÿͷٹ׶ء
һͻʦġҶҡͷ
ɴһ漴Цˣǻ¸ô
ǰɡҶԱߵͥԺصҪʦǿסǵĹƣҲδܹԱ߼ֱˡ
ɴһ֮£ӻһȦȦ״ʣЦò˶ãܹһסǵĹˡ
Ƴ֮߳Ҷɴһ·߽ɽС
һܹʮͷһСͷ״սΪḻ
ϿͷѾе˵ĺ档
ɽŵɽ֮ءԶɽ֮Уɼ̨ͤ¥ΰĵۣΪ׳ۡ
ɵʮ֮һͨ콣ţרŸͨ콣ѪĵӾɸѡ˵عذȷϳ֮漴ͻᱻͨ콣ѡ֮С
ſɣҲΪп׻ʳȨ֮ӳĵ֮⣬Ҳŷ֮׵ĵӡ
ɽ˲ٵӡ
ʦ㣬˵ͷջܲɡ
ֻѡ
ʦ㣬ЩɣΣˡ
Ǻǣ˿ˣٹһʱ䣬Ҫĥһս书
ɴԵĺãһ·֮Ůеش˸кǷԺĵǣһؿ֮󣬼ֱ񿴵һ㣬ͣ߿ί
ɴ΢΢ЦŶӭĵǵͷʾ΢ЦȲ˸е̫ǣҲ̫ĮһһУյĿνǡô
ڣܹеӰǧˣֳĸԺ硢ࡢӡĸԺ
ÿԺĵӵִ£Ϊִ¡ִ¡ִµλãɴԭǴִ£ֻǺȴһϵĵܣλá
ɴҶ߽˾ش֮УӾ޴ĹɽۣʯĻ壬һɭϣǰ޴Ʒϣڵ׵ϣɫ׭֡š
ĳг֮ϣʻŵȺɲʻͼͼɽ侳Ĵһɫˮĥʯ壬֮ׯزʧţܰ㡣
ɴһƫִϣֻһվڵУһɫĵۣƮĿ¶⣬ȳɽüĿһ
ɴ΢΢һִϣλСֵƼҪС
ƼŶ𣿡Ϊ׵ִϿ
Ҷ˵ͷҶдƼŵȥ
ԭǴҶ󽫾ҺҲǶˡΪ׵ĳԻ˵ͷҸɡ
Ҷһ·߽Ժһ֮С
ҵ˳ϸƣ˷Ժ֮С
ǷԺĵˣҪŬвǣȥɡִޱص
ִﲻ޵ߣЩ׼Ĳѧ壬ĶĽ̵;֮⣬ɴЩͷΣ漴ȲĵڣϸһƵá
ƳܹԼ֮⣬һþǴ湱׶ȣɵĹ׶ȴԼΪ٣µĹѫ٣֮⣬׶Ȼ֮ͨĻңƾ蹱׶ȿԴڻȡ˷Լ鵤ҩ⣬ܹؾвĸ书ؼ
Ҷִ֮ϵĳƪ֮漴תڻ˯ɴĴ£Ķӡ
ռŵռеλãԺֱΧĽǣĸʿ㣬еĴ
зԺǵλãʮദɽͷ˽ȥִµľӪľ߹ģ
Ӵⲻɴô
ŮӴһɫľװʮޣü۾续ֻһ˫ˮرϸһܻһɭɭζ
ҶԵظоԱߵɴɫ
ɴкԺִͷҲҵͷȴݴԺעһ£ǧҪ
Ҷ΢΢˵ͷ
Ӵɴţʲôʱϲ۲ˣ޵ŮӣѪ쵤ָܵ׳һĨ֮ɫ
ɴķţóƤӵˣԸŮˣõİ취ǲ
Сӳõǻԣɴôǹ˱ԺܶеŶ
ŽҰɣûҸǰ;Ŷһ˫ǵۣ˸Ϸʵɫ
Ա߼е̱ɫѿ
ɴޱ飬Ӧƣֻתߡ
ҶҲû
ߣȻһߣҶԵظо˺˫ɭɭԼϡ
ƣǳĹ׶ȡɴĵظҶһ֮漴ͽ500׶ȣתҶ
ɱСõĹ׶ȣȥɡɴһ
ҶҲͷлɴˡ
лʲôֻܰ㵽ˣԺҪʲô컯ҪԼŬˣҪΪУԺһ˳ˣʵҪߵ·Զĺأˡɴ̧ͷһգĵ̾˿漴תͳȥˡ
תͷҲصؾͷȥˡ
ռַܴΪԺԺԺԺĴţҶͱ䵽λõķԺ֮С
ĸǸɵСôӼʶһ£һװˣһγǰ޵ĺˣֻӪ첻κС˵龰˸оͺٻ
ǰ׳԰˼֣ļᣬƤȴ˸һĵɫĹһ˫׾Ŀǰ۷һ˶ޱȵĽɫͻĻơ
ԺĴִ£ᡣ
׳վҶǰһ˫ƺɫ׾ʱʱɺͷƤ·վǰҶŵĵӣǰǰһͷ۵Сһ㡣
Ҷ̾Ϣһ׺˿ɴ޼ҲʦĲģֻǰ˽ʦҶԼСҲͺûʲôˡ


053 еɱ
Ȼǰ׺ǸǵļһǸոǷײģȴҶΪȻ
ҶƲƲ죬׺Ѿ׺ˣƫƫҪֵ״̬ʵǹ̲˵Ĳǿ
ǿĸ֣Ͷ㣬һܹս֮Ҫô
ҶţȻǺܲ׺Цһ̧˾ƣصģһǿֱ͸ڣҶо𶯣вݡ
ȻˣҪ棬ҲṴɴѾͷ˴İ˵ǲǰ磿޵ĺ׺ߣʺ촽ݵؿҶ
Ҷ޲̰Ƿϵ书Ȼ˴ͬ񶾵ŮˣȻΪС¾ңҶмݶˡ
Ѿ¯ĵز˻һ
ǱԺִ£԰ɣһСС˼ıġҶɫشӻгһƱȥ
Щ֮Ҳù׳󣡡᲻мغ˺ߣֽӹ˽Ʊ֮󣬿˽Ʊһ˫ţ۶ʱֱˣʱһԱߵĺ˹һҶҲм־
ʹ֮УôֱʵҲټ
ҶһЦ˺˼
ôǵΪ˻¸ԷΪ壬չֳԼݣʹöԷɵѡ
˹˼ɣôԸԼȻͲô޼ɵˣȻ׺ҪҪԼСĵزĵһֻ١
СӣȻ£׺ЦһץƱصļһȴûļܡ
ִ֪£׼ôأ˵ŵĵӶҪһЩ۵ġҶȻڵ
ŽƱЦˣԺĵӣԺڵĵĵӣҪдϼ콣ǣ˻֮󣬲ϳ˵书ǣȥµ̸İɣֵĺˣһġ
ɣСֵܣԴȥɡһЦ֮дһĨݵЦ⡣

ԺռĴҶ˺һƫƧɽ֮С
һ֮Щ˵Цĵ̾͵ͷֶ
ˣҶҪɹĵطˡһЦָڵУȺ䤱ĵǡ
λʦֵܡҶŵһ
Աߵڵֻ̧ͷһۣ漴ͼ˴ҲᣬֻżһĨ׹⣬Ҷ΢ݡ
ǿɱССأ˼ҿɸȺͬǸҹӳأڿЦаǵɴ㣬ǶΪŶҪǿɴǻ۵أ
ҶоΧһʺ޽ӵĿ⣬жʱĶŮˡ
Цһֺ֮úõòһתҡҷ˵˳ȥ
һֱͷµĵͣסеҶһ֮󣬻һۣ¶Ц⡣
ˣλҹӸ磿Ϊ׵ĿһŵؿҶҽһ£ҽֱұͿˡ
ǡҶЦЦΧļӣصλֵܣʲôָô
ָ̲ҵֻǿģԲźָһļɣǵǣֱؿָָԶϵǰѴɣ̽δΣ
Աߵڶס˺ƺһڿϷģ
ǰѴӦȵİɣҵҪմˣҪ̵һƤҶһ۾ͿǰѴϵè壬ƲƲ죬Цˣ˵˭ôȱµɱ
ıѸٽˣԱߵڶһƬȻֱɫʱԱߵһɵǷ׷׿ʼɿ
Ⱥһ۸ѾΨһҲȤ֮һˣȤȴ˸ƻˣǾʵ˲ˬ
ֲˬҲֻͨȭŵĲй
ָˣء
ɣɱȻ˿˰İ걳ĿֵĵӶʱ˹ֽ
ԽǾˣԽǳԿֱɫԱߵһŻ󵶣ġ
Ϊʲôô˶ǾƲԳԷأ


054 
ֱȻһֵĶ⣬һʵˣõڵݡ
Ҷ񶸵һȻϵһӭ򵶷Ļ
һȴǴܱ徢ХĴһľ
һһӿϣһŰ׹ⱬ徢İұ˿
ֱȻֱһͬʱһѿѪڣؽһ㣬۲Ͳţ󵹷ɳʮԶ
ûͣ˼˼ʱ򣬸оһӿҵľͬʱֱؿը㱬ʱۡһ͵³һѪһͱһɡ
򵥵һɻ֮¾ȻȴһˣʱԱߵڶ׼ҵĵýԾ
һҶҲСسԾһ¡
æ̽һʶ֮еļʾͨ5˲ɱ8徢7о6
٣벻̶һµĹּܾȻֵزˣ
Ҷʵʵһ漴ҲȻϲһǺϵؿʼ֪ܲʹ˼ʮΣһߵľأҲˣѵһǺġ
㡭ֱһ𵴵ͷת򣬺ðͷתվһ˫ţҧгݵؿҶ׹
˫ֻѪ֣˴ͷٿԼеľŻϣٴεһ
ľŻϣȻһѵĻڣʹҶЩȻ
ֱɱĨȥ˴ǵѪرһҳһСƷԺ󶼱ˣ
úã
ΧĵǷ׷׳˼һΧ˹
̵һͳ˹Х
Ҷ漴Цһһ֮£ħһʹˣеĴӰ·£ͬʱӻȻͬʱ֮ϡ
ͬʱʹһѿˣұ֮£ͬʱ˸˳ȥ
ͣȻ˾ƿգһ۵ĳ񣬾Ȼзȡ
ҶһЦһ͵Ӳһ
Եһ죬û͵Ϯʱһ˳ȥʱɫѪ졣
Ҷͣ٣˴ɣ֮£ӴĽϣѾ𵴵ĵ˳߰˲
꣡еľֳѾڽ˿Ȼ˿
Ҷأ̧һƿձ
ҶĵǶ㶨֮һֱǻıִվ˳
ʲôʲôһģǲҪؽˣִ˹ŭ
ûû£ǶģǺǣȺֵܻܺӭңĺܡҶеսЦǺ˹ȥһŽƱ
ôִеĽƱؿΧ
Χ׵ĵǣ¶һ˿Ц⣬ֱ߷һȦ
ڳеĵһͷʾ⣬ű׵ֱϵıޱϡ
ȵִһ֮Ҷɫ̾
˭ҪôҲ¸ǣڿǰ˽׵ߡһֻ־ɨƽȺ
ɨӹĵѾûеǷˡ
ڸոս˱еʱҶѾо˱еķͷˡ
˵ʵһֱηѡ´ĵǣɵĶǴֻÿҪϽ޶ʹĽȻ󽻸
ֻأÿ䷢Ĺ׶ȴ֮٣ÿ쵢ʱ䣬ⲻɵеգ뷽跨ӱⳡۡ
ڳصľѹ֮£ЩѹײĵǷ֮£ԭͱ״ˣȡ֮Ǳ
ƹԺǶײĵӣһŶз棬ɶĻĳĺײбᣬԹŮһǱΪ飬ռ˸λ֮Ժ˷ˣˣ֪к˶ٵӡ
ӵʦͷεĶ֣ǷԺĴִ£λȨأҪһǣ˵书ܸǿԿ˲˳۾ͻᶯ˴УӶǸŭԡ
ڸѹı֮£ӿֳӢۣͬҲᵮǷϵļһ۸ֺͱԼСĴڣôһ̬ȤԼŤ顣
ԺĵӶλĹŮֺ£ȴκβá
Ҷ˵ͷϸɨӹΧɫĵǣתԱɫֱȻЦһһȾʹ˹ȥ˵һţͰֱߵ˽Ŀ֮£ٴҿһٱ
ֱѾĿȫˣֻһԵرͷڽӭſ籩һıᡣ
ֱžͷĿˣһжܸ㶨
Ҷзִ磬һȭһſƺأҲʹҪʵϢ̾ûˡ
ҶֱЩˣץԱõĴˮưһưˮýϡ
ֱӣһɵڵˣԭеĺݶնѾˣֻʣ˾塣
ҶתͷˣɨΧһȦ


055 Ʒ
Ҷɨ֮ڳеĵǶ鲻Խغ¶˿־ηӵɫǻûҶŹֱݵķ蹷һ㡣
ıȻɣҪıĵӶʱҲ˼Ҳ˵ǰչֳʵɷľͷĺҪĵи
˵һĿռСأǱķԼҪԼȨӦվڱ۷壬Ҫչֳ㹻ʵҪչֳ˲ǵƢ
Ҷˮư̧˺һֽݸص۸ˣܹıԼ𣿡
Ҷƽķ·ڼҳһɡ
ֱֻһڽҪ׺ݵصһۣ漴Ҷ׺ݵ˻ȥһ±ѪڽĬȻ
ѣҶȻһԱߵϡ
ܡ׳գҶûֶӻ£ܳΪǶǷϵɣ۸ˣѹСǣǸı״ֻǷϵı֣һȺ׳գ
Ҷ쳹ڳеĵӶĬ
ǻŬһ㣬ҲлѣǲŬһֻᶼûУ
ŬôŬƾ⸱ɽЩ޶Կ㵱ǰ׳գǰ׳գûûս׬ȡһ㹱׶ȣ½Ʒ书ûУ㻰˵ɣһӲмʵ
žҶһӣһ˹ȥ˴ÿڱǽѪص˳ȥ
ֽڣƭԼأƭأ
Ҫǰϣڸ߽书ϡҶָָԼͷԣصǸҪͷԣǸ߽书ҲҪԼͷȡֻ;ΪʲôѸոƭҵļƭϣ
ҪƭץպŽǵı£
еĵӶҶĻһ£漴һʼͷ˼֮С
ûǸϵĹ׶Ǻ٣ƾԼܰ뱲ҲδܻܹһƷؼ߰˸˵Ĺ׶ȶеһأǶٹ׶ȣƷ׵书ؼˣҶص
Ҷһ֮ڳеĵ۾ѩһʼͷӶ

ѾָյƽĴٴ
¯ӳ£ҶһƤΧȹףһֻһ󴸣ûϵպĽ±Ž˿
ͣ͵ĽҶһԵˮ֮Сһɰ
ǰѽյĶˡҶһëĺˮ
漴˹ȥĹȻأһӦ䳡еģҶÿæ깤󣬾ͻȥ䳡
⼸ͺܵ鷳ʻ¸Ļִһñ߹ģҶȴоաҶ׼ݣҲΣֻǴҶѹһʽƱѡ
ôжԼأҶüͷ
ͬʱһݸߵƵ˹
ҶֵܣٹվǷԺִٳˣ⼸ձæǰմ˱ĵӣҲ͹ȣٺ١ִĦ°ͣڵҶֵܣʶ㣬ܲܰҳ⣿
ҪѹεƤҶζغٺЦڹٻңʶ޳̰ܵЩһǽƤִµƤҲǽ
仰Ŀģ˵װǻƵҪεƤˡ
͵ûĲãʲôʲôǻֵóĺȺ𣿡ҶļЦ
ֵ㡭ִСС۾һӾ
⻹˵ҾͶˣ޳ҶкȻðһ⣬漴һЦʱִϷ˼ҴһҼҴӹ͢ҽдĹŷ
ִ۾һµԲˣ͸ϵĵһǺˣ
ҶһЦǵȻˣѰ׵ִ϶ģҽ뱾𣿡
ҶӣִĶ׷ʸݡ
Ҷ̵صһյܹǿܡѾȫˣҪȥĻҲֻܹõóˡ
ǡûʲôðɣִ۹һʱ˹
ҶЦЦһģֵҩ׳ǵЧãǷõˣҲͻʹ˿ܣҲ󡣡
漴ָָ°λã˼Ѿȷˡ
ʲôãִ¶ʱ˹ΪȻٺЦϴͺ˵ǻˮһȥϽƣ
Ҷӱдһҩ֮󣬻ִҩһߵߵˡ
ӰҶһЦոոǵҩ²͵ģ涼ҩĺϳɵģʱûǿܣ˸е棬ڵķȥͻ˾ܣıҲǿӶһ
ܹһ£Ҷ϶ԼԼͷоԼ鷳ˡ
ԵգһԶعԼôʵںȥˡ
ҶݡȨλ书ʵڲ˺Ӳƴ


056 ս
תۼ䣬һµʱѾȥˡ
ռСϢҶ㻨ʮƱҲѾʱĶ
һжûгҶ֮⣬Դӵõ˻ִ·׵ҩ֮󣬼ֱˮһ㣬ʼõʱ򣬶ʱоȫ쳣ĳ棬Ҳ˼˼֮󣬸õЧʼˡ
ÿһյĸ£쳣ܵʮа˾Ŷڷͷ̽оɫĴͼһεĻνˣղϵ£ͷҲЩԲˣԵҲΥֻԼɽǿ籩¶ˡ
вµӽɵ£ȴϸ涨ڵԸ˭ǿŮӣƾٸߵλãҲᱻϳ书ʦš
Ҳ˵Լ뿪ᣬԼѡ뿪ᣬͷɧԺȥ
Щĳңͷ󶾵ɧԼҲٵӽ˶ٵĳԹһˣôͷɧ϶ᱻ˰Ƥɡ
Ǹʱ򣬶³ɺһ𱬷֮£˭ϧ
ȻظţſڴĻִԱߣ̵һСʱʱתͷæȻĵǣ·һũڿԼİׯһ㡣
ǰΪ׸ǵ󣬵õͣȥıѣҶרŶѹõĳѹ֮ĳ㷭һҶӦÿÿӱؽɵķݶ֮⣬ĽɵĹ׶ȣһɶ
ÿʲôģʮĹ׶ȿȡ
ðִ¸пС̵غһڡ
𡭡ò˶ãܿҪƷˡеմҶһЦ
еҶȫŰӣնһ󴸣ϵĻĽû䡣
̶һµʱԭļѾ¯Ѭ˺ںɫҲӾ׳˼֡
մٶȺƫ´ÿһȶޱȣ·ǧһ㣬պĴ£·ʯһһۻҵĴ֮£ͮͮѾ̺һô򣬱һ
ॣҶ־ͰһԵˮ֮УһëһѺˮ
ͬʱһϢʶ𣺡սɹ˲ɱ10徢10о10
Ҷջʶ¶һ˿Ц
ڱи˼մ󴸵Ļ֮ܿ뵽һܹڸɻܵĺð취´ʱ򣬴ϸ˼ܣݽĽǶȣȵĳ̶ȣҪô˲ɱҪôñоô߰һ֮ͨ£ȻҲ˲ƷĽ
һµʱȥˣѾ״̬µҶǲǼս
ʱԱȴһ̨͹Źֵĳѹ״ڻеĴ֮£شϵĽʮѪڵغźӣ˴󲽣ļ˸͹⣬ͷ¿һƶ̨ѹˣʹشǧĳѹԼֲٶȣһƬƬĽһشЩ崸֮гˡ
Ҷϸһ֮漴ˣһ̧ªĻеѹ̨ѹеӦҪģڱûֻЩǴˡ
ˣÿճٶʮĵǷֳ˺üְ࣬൹Źĵ벻£ȴ˸ʱˡ
һָĻеҶȨѸپȺǵеõ˼Ĺ̡
ЩǵУҲʼ죬ֱҲݵͶأ͡
ͷֱյҶǰص
л˵ƨͷšҶص
Ǹ˵ǳرҪ֪϶Ҳġ
ҶŴӣصģͺһݣмְĵطҡ
ҶһЦҪҪпթġ
ǡйӰֱľָָſǸִ¡
αصǸִ£ѾǵˡҶص
ǵˣҿֱгݵļԸӣ૵صϴϴй֮һ𡭡ֹӱͷͰݰ
ƨ֮Ҷһϴ𻨣ûֱϡ
ΪҴӦÿ˸˹̶ķݶ֮⣬ĽȡĹ׶ȶġҶûŴӣصͻסǵ״
Աһɵһ֮£ʱˡ
ƾʲô׬Ĺ׵㣬ƾʲôҪǸ쵰Աߵֱ
ƾʲôƾѾʱȥиĹ׶ȿ׬ɹҶ͵һڻĽϣһ˱徢ұųһŻ𻨣ΧĵӱȵĽڽںˡ
漴ͣ˴ӣɨΧһȦ˭ûУ
Աڵɫʱȡ֮ĶһĲĸԸҶע֮£һ
һȺ׳գǴôһᣬǻģһ߸ɻȥ
ԱΧ۵ĵǸͷɥߵһȥˡ
Ҷеصֱ֪ʲô书𣿡
ֱһۣѹ֪ԭ书Ҳ̫ߵģֻѣ֪һн׶Ʒ书书߶·ӣȴǿʼһ·ͻͽɣȫͭƤǵǹ룬ܹѻ˷Ժִµλá
Ҷһëһ󣬵صŶ书ɴΣ
ֱмصɴʦʦ׵ΪҲʦ׶ѣ٣ҿԺ󹦷ҪҲˣǣô˵أɴʦȻóṦͱ޷óȭưĹҪĶȭĻֻҲκβڹǣһ⣬ȭŹҪҪӮɴʦҲѡ
Ҷʱ˳˼֮С


057 ͻʦ
Ҷֱжɴ𾴣漴ʵɴύô
Ѿ˺ܶˣɴʦͿΪĥ书ÿλ֮󣬶ڷԺ̨ϣһޣϧֱȻ̾˿
֪书οô
Һͱĵǲ֪оٴˣֻܹ죬ҪƵĺܹ͸ǰ͵սֱ͸ͭƤǣϣֱҧгݣ漴̾ϢҪ־磬Ҫʦ׵ľɡ
Ҷ΢΢۾
һĿޣ˲ɱ塢սѾ˿仯ľ磬Ψϧ㣬İʼвҪƵĺҪԼײʦľС
ᰡᣬͳΪµһƷİɣ
ͷʲôأֱҶģ˸漴ʵ
Ҷعʵ޵ˣʲôûУ
۾ʱһһֱ֮ȿʵͷǶûʲôƻûУ
ԴҶƳеѹ֮󣬱ĵӶͶء
ҵȻмƻˣԸȥôҶɨΧˣص˶˰վ͸һЩ׶׬ĸࡣ
Щǵ۾һϻ׶˭׬
ô׬ɽһȺһȺײУԼ书Щģ
ֱСصͷЩϣֻĽ׶ѣ˵֮ˣϳ˵书ûϴʮİûУ
٣Ҷһϣ˿ԼҪԼôҲô˵ԼֻһûǮûʱĥѣ˹׻֣ؾ书ߺߣ˵ǰʦĽ׵޶Ըֻ׵ʲô
ĵǶʱȺһͷӶ̸
ǡҪٹ׶Ȱһӵ˹ؼ⡣
ԼܵĹ׶ȣűҲҶġ
һӶҲûҪĹߣѾǻͼסҶطԸÿ˸׼һֻ޽ôɵĵ裬ж٣һ⼯ϣɡ
ڵʱһɢȥˡ

ҶȻ᷿Уߵ˹㳡档
ҹĻ٣ϡ
䳡Χʮյˮƣ䳡ҫһƬƻͨ
ĵǾסڱԱһ˫᷿֮УֱΪϴǿԶӵһģСѾرҶˡ
ԴҲԹԣֻȻᵽ͵Ǽͨˡ
Ҷпռһ󲨶Ȼһѷ죬һϺɫ׳֮С
޽ɵģɽУĺܶ϶Ƕ˶޵ľˣɫ˸Ĺ
׵ÿһƬҶֻҶƣа˸ۣÿһ֮жǶһŶƷľˡ
Ҷ΢΢һ׺֮漴ִӿռ֮ȡһ˶ͷͬǶŶƷˣлȡסѥӶˡ֮Ҷȫһ׹ȫ£ɫ֮£ȫһ޵⡣
һװǶһɫʮ˿ŶƷˡҶĹŵлõľȫˡ
ʱҲͨ˿ޣװʱҲǲ٣Ѿ㽫ĸԷ屶ң
Ҷɲ㡣
ķִгȡһŷ䣬ָһ仯صɫĻ⻷Լͷϣ뵵İ׹Ͻһ㣬ʱһ
ֱķ䣬еķܹ15ڣ־100%15ڽʡݡ100%
Ҷеõǲؼصڱ˿ȴޱҪķ䡣
Ƕ˾˵׺ͷ⻷£Ҷȫĸ˲һ޷ݵĸ߶ȡ
书Ľȣ֪ˡ
˻ط磡ˤ֣ħߴ򼼣ҶһѾһ̰Ӱľ֮дȥƷ֮£㳡Ͽ·ĺһ˻Х
ʱԼ壬Լǿľ֮£峺͸ҶԸоÿһϸСĽ궯ÿһϸСѪ֮ѪҺıʡ
ÿоʱ޹ȥ֮漴ֵӳ֣֮£нƷ书ƿҲľ
νץΪ10սָ
˻طƽΪ8ս裡
ʮ֮ҶڵĴˣһſڵϣ͵͵شϢеЩƣˣȭǶ쳣ĸߣ˼ԼѾľ
ϧԼġ񹦡˵6֮ڽѾƿ
ҲԼҪ綼ûдͨҪͻһصƿҪͨԼȫľܲʦ
ɫϣӵԵ쳣㡣
ҶԥãҹԼϣ΢΢Щ䡣
ǰľʹĥѾԸΪȣ˵ʵڻϲּķʽϾе;ѾʮһƬ̹;
һòѡðգԼҪѸٵҪ⵹İʯ˴ȴƫƫܴ
ᣬԼԺںúһ
ڣҶش֮гһԼġѨУ鶯ţָһϸ緢˿İ׹˸ˡоܡ
ڵǿĲٿ֮£ȻһϸСݺݵ˹ͨζ֮ƿ
Ȼ֮һȻ֮£ανӵ֮֮£űֽһ˿
Ҷʱо°΢һ֮ӿԼС֮С


058 ǰԳ
ҶоʱѾ10ľأ֮ϸԶԶǵܹȵġ
о10֮󣬾תɴСɴֿϸ
һȵ֮пʼصҶоС֮һǿ籩ʼڲͣۼš
Ҷ漴ȡһ룬ڶλã鶯ţٴηˡо
һϸСߵε֮˳ٴ㣬һذ
ϸСУһ뾭֮󣬾һǿϸСͷʼڻɫľ֮ҳ֮лɫλãǿһ֮£Ѹٳ忪лѸӿ̾˿ٳľ֮С
ǰغ󱳵Ѩһһεر򿪣Ҷڵʼһһֵʢ
ϴڸƮĵʱҶѾˣǵʱżܻûܸߵľأоĵȼԳƾ֮е
һתٶȿʼˣԭɢµѸ·һϸС㣬һ׶Ϭ
忪ľ֮£ʼɻɫɫ漴ִɫϺɫֱ˵ɫеЩɫľ磬Ҳúһ͸
һɹĹᴩҶ𽥵ظеظλһֻӲڲͣǰһ㣬΢΢Щʹ
ľע£תѾɼ
ԭ鲼ȫĻɫ֮Уһ׶ͣسţںʼռȫľ硣
ھ󿪣·ͨһ㣬СһɹʼѸٻۡ
Ҷתоһ֮ȫľȻͨγɵ鲼ȫ£γһѭϢ
֪䣬ڵѾǿ
ʱ˿̣ҲоˣԼӡáظλ֮гռ䣬۳УγɫĹ
ҶվȫĹǽڷı죬ֻ֫ٺУѾ͸һǿľ;ļҪһ㣬ʱˬ
һϢѸٳԼʶ֮УѾͻƣ񹦵ڰ˲㣡ʦ㣡+60+60+20־+20+40+12
Ҷƽ˫֣֮кȻһɳһİ׽һɱɫƮ̡
ڰз·һ©һ㣬ԴԴ˹ȻԼ֮С
߳ҶһӰһһȭƮƮӡԱһţʯϡ
ȭ˲䣬һ״ȭӰʯһšֻ۵һƵ죬׵أţʯϺȻݺύѺ
Ҷһ֮£ʯѾѿˣʯڲСһţѾϸʯӣⱬ֮£ӲʯҲ˿
ƾһڱİȻûдɣĺӦǴ´ˡҶаϲ漴
кȻһɾ裬תͷдȵ˭Ǳߣ
ԱİУһĲС
¹£һɫװӰ˹һ˫ؿҶ
ʦ㣬ɶʱģҶ̧һ漴Цʵ
ǽ죬ұƳǵģ˵£Ͼ͸ϻˡɴص˵ˣ׼ҪĵӲμӴ˴ε
ǣҴȥԳ룬ֻǻûüҶ˵ͷ
쬣һ͵ĺӰȻ˹綾߽ɱһ²סҶĲӣҶһɴ̧һǣҶѾ˹
֪ʲôطɴ־ͰҶ˿Լͦ˫ѾҶϣŭĵǶĽףȻǵֵط𣿡
ԼѡġҶ۾ζȻֻǸ·ѡ
ɴһҶŭҪǵ
㣬а취а취ǰຣôҶ۾Ȼطʵʦ㣬ڴô꣬ͼʲôһ˵ʵһУ
ɴʱ񰵵ҶʺıӣҲɳ
ҶûУǾ鷳㲻Ҫ̸ûߣ书ǿʱ䣬ûн⣡׼Щļһ϶ãꣿꣿʮꣿĻƽΣܹȴҲٹϼ꣬ǾûˣҲһֻѡһӹˣ
ɴɫɷף¶һ˿ɫҶһ˿⡣
ɴЩǿЩҰĵȴģԲκαأԺһеûһѡǿԶҲΪǿߣ
ҶҪģǰЩʧȥĵǣԼ
ɴ̾ϢһҶӦңסǵ
ҶصҿԱ֤ʧˣĵһң

ڶһ磬Ҷص˱֮УȻڵǣѾƵ
ȺӽɿɲΪ˹׵ģ˵һֱѹţûзأǻҪͷˣԼС첲СšȵģֻܳԱѡ
ǺҶ־˵ʶɿ֮£Щû޷˵ؼҶ֮С
Ҷİţÿ˵ɸһѴһ֮⣬һ״ҰڣһŸ˿ع̡
¹εĴ󵯹Ĵֵָ޽šһɣʯڶʮ֮ڶţƤ
Ҷ漴ЩǸ׼һ󶵴裬Щ趼ʣµұɴ֮ұɵģӲޱȡ
еĵͽ۵ӴµĶ۵ػ˸һǿ׳Ǻͱֵؾܳˡ
ҳ˵ǰ棬˴ǲɹҲᱣ֤λȫˣǳɹ˵ĻҪʮ֮Ĺ׶棬Լ֣Σ
û⣡ڳеĵӺȻӦ
ϴǵȥɱʲôްԱֱ̲סʵ
𼱡Ҷ¶һڰЦЦ漴ȥԳȥɨЩħ⮡
ʲôȺͬʱһ


059 ħ
ŵĹ㳡֮УĴԺڵľӢѾһá
ֻԺĵӣԺĵԺһΡ
Ժбĵӣһķ羰
ֻԺĵǸбһ̽һֻ󵯹͵Σϻų沼һصݡ
Ա߻ʮر׳ĵӣһ˴ִ״ıĵͼ̡
ԺĵǣԺӵװ֮Ҳ಻ס׷Цˡ
ʲôװ
Դķɣ
ǶˣԺļһЦҲôд⣡⾿һȺũ򣬻һȺ
ԱߣԺԺԺԺĵӿϵװһЦЦǰϣԺӵܸͨ졣
طĻȺӿ϶һͷȥ
м۲ƵĵǣرҫóԼϵķһɱǰȥ
е࣬һת˸ֶΡȻҶ
ȥЩЦ̩֮ɽҪɫ䳰ЦʲôҶ߹һ˿ȻԹЩǰϵĵǣȻǻ֮һʵʵڵսһĶ⡣
յҶǷ԰ĸȾ֮£ԱĵɫŻ
һɫۻ˹ɨΧһȦ֮Ժ˴ɰ޵Ʒס塢㹱׶ȣмǣֻɲɱޣɱڵ޲ƹ׶ȣˣȥɣ
ڳɽ֮󣬳ɽĸ˹ȥ

Գϲλһɽ֮Уͻأɽ忴ȥָһ㣬ԭצɽΪ⴦ɽʢԳħֱΪԳȡ
䣡һͷξ޴Ķױ֮г˳һսһ㣬ֻ˸ź⡣
ҶһǰȻһţ׼¶Ϸߣܿͷһ°ˡ
飡һŷ·ڳǽһ㣬ͷҰȫȴһ£漴ִĿڱ֮ʳճĺѪ֮ͨһԵڵϣû˿ˡ
ҶһõǱ徢İͷҰڱȫˡ
һֶʱԱߵڵǶʱĿɿڴ
ͷҰļͷСûüʾҶķ߿Ҷһ֮£Ա߼ѾѸΧȥ˼ֻĹǹһѽЩСڵأԱֳţĵǰͽһš
ӳսݣʱϲ쳣ļҲ۷׷
˵ʵҸǲִ򷨵ģΪǼȲǾӣҲʦߣֻжжصΣԵܹĥԼ书Ϊĸ֡Ҷ۾Զ֣̾Ϣ׬˹׶֮󣬴Ҷúϰɣֻǿ߲ŻĳΪǿߡ
˵֮䣬ҶһѾ𲽿Գȡ
ҶһȺĵǣڹţĸ¼䶸͡
һƬɽ֮дУļ˲ïܵĹǺΪħս֮ﱻħ֮£еԳմȾħˣĶ޵צħСӤȴ磬һ˫ϸСĺצȴһʵ׺ǳ
ҪĻħȺһ㣬ϰȺӣһ֮󣬾Ǹ߽׵ʦҲᱻѪĺȺ˺ѳƬ
ԣǱΪ֮أûĸӵܵ
ΪˣʱҶرһʱĲ˻طƣΪרŶԸС
Ҷ߽Y״Ͽ֮У±ںܸߣΪ绯쳣ȴǴݲ
ڼ֮ǰҶرһ๦򣬾ѾϸΧһ飬ͽ趨Ϊս
ŶΧĵӵˣǾפ£ϵõĸʮˣȿ崦ֳڵĶʮˣϿȿڵţ⣬ΧһȦħۣԷһ
ˣɣȥǰ̽·յУҶעΧӣѹסҵĻûҵ˭Ҳ˭ҪŪһӻͷƤɹģ
ˣͷԱߵĵǷ׷׵
ӷ׷׿ʼҶŵģʼڵھ塣
ŵھõѾ˺Ҷſʼһ㣬ȻǱƬ֮С
кȻһ֨۵عֽУгѪϢغںӰмٴţһƤһطٳ˹


060 ˻ط
ÿ죡Ҷжôһͷ
֦Ҷïپַ·Щ鳤û˿Ž֧㣬һѪĹֽһ˫ɫëĺצֿԣ˺˿˸Ѫ⣬Ҷ͵ץ˹
ħһֱȺԵޣϲȺܣͷħ⮾רŸڵģһҶ䵥һˣ˼򵥵ħ̵׳ʼȺŹҶ
һ˫צץʵˣҶԴͻᱻץʮѪ
˻ط磡ҶʱͺһηӦѸ̽˫Ʒֿһߣƶһƣɻ˹ȥ
ۣۣ
ͷ˶ħ⧲֮£һͷײĻط֮УԭѸиһ㣬ڿпת
ҶʱſЩħ⮵ģЩħͨƤغڣĶСȷͯһ㣬ڴ֮УԾ˼ǷͶ˺ʱֺѷɫ߰˾Žס
ָҶȻ壬һžĹǽֱ˲Ϊָߵһָ
ࣣһͷħ⮱Ҷһָüģͱǿҵָ˾ѴѪѪԽӿ׶֮˳
һСָӸ10ı徢һָħ⮵Բ衣
ȻҶٴʹ˷һƯƣһͷħ⮵ߣٴ̧һȭžһһͷħѾһȭķ˳ȥ
ѵһ£ͷħѾصײһò档
ħȻѸƥǵķȴƤҲȫԿ칥ΪԶԶȲЩزصޡ
ᣡҶһΣѩ׵ƥһţͷħ⮵֫Աһϡ
໡ͷħ⮶ʱʹ˺췢һһʯͷͶˮһ㣬һѸ֮ɢ˿
ӵ˾Ѷ֮֮дһˣղһѸĺںӰ·װ˵ɵƤ㣬Ũ֮ܵеȥҶͳ˹޲ð˺Ƭ
ҶĲ˻طнƷ书Ҷķʮʱ䣬пװԵǿѾ8ľ磬Ѿս衣
裡Ҷ͵һȣתһ㣬ƻʮƣƷ𴦣Ĵ֮£к֮һɻ쭷ˣҵسΧ˷ĺӰײ˹ȥ
һħ⮼˻Щӭħһ⣬ҶĲظλá
ҶĲ˻طλƷ书ô򵥵𵴴ƿ͵ˣ˾ò˻ط磬һ˴֮󣬾纣֮еһ㣬಻оܹؽԭأá
ЩСħ⮾ˣҶƴĲ˻طһ֮£ӿ̾ͻ಻ϵУϸСڿת
˿ЩħѾסˣҶѸٰסսû˵Ǻһںڵĵ裬һʽͷԡҹս˷Ϭĵһ㣬˷Χ˲䵹ʮͷħ⮣ǱһնΡ
ҶɱһѪ·ʹ˷ͷȾͳϿ֮г˹ħ⮳׷ŭˣصĺںϸСӰһƵĳ㳯Ҷͳ˹
ǰŵĶҶ֣󣡵֣ҵȲҪҶһ߰ȿ񱼣һ߳±ϴ
Ͽλһˣֳ־ϸڵĵǿѹͷĿ־壬ӦȥҶϿ֮󣬻ĸ˿һƬƬѩһ֮£ѸٽһƬѩܼ˿ǽ
Ҷȳ˹֮󣬺ȻɵԽ
ǰħ⧲֮£һͷײ棬ľĸʱѡһ죬Ҫӿͷħ̺Ȼزҽѱĵסˡ
ͷħ⮶ʱ֨֨۵ʹزҽƾţһһƬƤѪܣĿɿڴ
ħ̱ס֮һСģ´򻬣һ¾͵ǰںõ֮У֨֨۵عֽ
ס˵ħȺױŭˣٶͷħعֽһȺںɫĳسϿ֮г˹
ϴô죡ֳڵĵӿǰѹѹأĿĵһĻʱȶӳص
żҶȵص
ǣϴȥ϶ᱻЩħ̸˺ģԱֳڵĴţֵشеǸϿǳְɣ
žҶתָһ⣬ŭ죡


061 ڴ
ĵǷڣһƬˢˢѩ˿ǰƼţֳֶ̱أרŸ©
ֻҪһͷħܹͻߣϾͻȫûĽ֡
ѣѣ
֪ηԷڽɵľ˿ħǳˣĵڸײĻ죬ٸִ޼Ѿײ˹ЩĹУ໨Щ˼ϵĲ˿ᲢãֻԼ䲻
Щħ⮵صĳײǸоЩмܲסˣɫɷףǺԱߵҶɫɳˮǵʱס
Ȼ䣬ͷ˺Ѫħ͵һѣӷ϶֮˹Ƥڸ˺ѪģûǷԱҶѾƮ˹
˻ط磡Ҷһȣеסͷħ⮣˫һһ飬Ʒɳͷħ⮸ˡ
һֻħ⮱ȽˣܹҶ˫Ļ֮ԱߺȻһֻѩĹһѽ乴ڵϣѷĹ渽ŵմ⣬һѹڵ֮Աһ̹ص£ħ⮸˸Խѡ
Ҷά֮£ڱĵҲס񣬿ʼֵħ⮵ĹҶҲԱ߲ͣŲʱʱػӳһԽħ⮸ش˻ȥ
ЩǱȽ˵ģħȴֱӾͱǰһ׼׵Ĵ֮С
ʱ˿̵֮СѾǺΪˡ
ҶǼȻĺ棬Ųӣ۾ԶһۣΡȻ˺û˺ħ⮣еħ⮶Ѿխɽ֮к
ְɣҶ̧صһӣ±Ϸ˶ֵѶ
ϿߵĵǷ׷̽Դ׼ϿĺȺ֮漴û˵еĴ󵯹˸Բ֮һҵĺӰ˳ȥˡ
쬣һصХˢ˹ȥ˳ȥʮͷж쳣ħ⮶ʱֵ˸ţ֨֨۵زҽŴӿ
žĵק˷ݵƿˣɻȰĸһ˹һص֮Ѫɡ
žЩжѸݵħ⮸ոճϿ֮УӭһƬγɵĵ굯Ļ
ǰδеĴʹȺħ⮷زҽѾⱬѵڵء
ħСٶޣеĹ츳ٶϣ෴ķȴԶԶȲ˱͵ޡ
ǵھٶȵļӳ֮£ϡħϱƤֵܵģƤһӾܹըѳһѪ漴һСƬ˺ѵƤ˳ȥ
Ҷÿ׼ٿҪڼ̵ʱ֮ڣѶĵ辡ȥ
Ҷ֮ǰʱѾЩСħϸֵݺͷˣרԵؿһϵеⵯĵǳ֮֡
ϿеȺƤħȫûһƤˣҪλǶ˵裬ֻǵڵϷ֨֨۵عֽħǿĵ£Ѿһڴһ̱˵ˡ
ƿշ֮£ֻһת۵ĹȺϿ֮еͷĴħͱ䷭ڵأֻгûнˡ
ϿвҽͣϢսѾˡ
Ҷ˹ȿ֮УɨһΧϿĵǶˣһֻڱػϿȿڣ𾯽䣬һǸʼʰսƷ
ڶϾһԼɵս֮󣬸鲻Խش˸
Ⱥħ״ʵ̫˵ֱɺģǱƤⱬһŲ״Ѫģģȱѹÿ
ԸֶݵСĿ꣬ʵĪڽͷеɢǹˣһǹȥǦɰܺɨһƬҶȻԼҲûɢǹǹ
ȻûУ漴뵽õ棬ر뵽˴ӵ¡
Ҷı徢˵ĳ̶ֳǺսз̹õ׵ԭһģеۼһϣ˲䱬𵴲򻵵ڲƳĴĵ裬ϿƼ򵥣ʵҲǰ׵ԭ
ֵֻҪħ⮵Ƥϣ̾ըѵһƤȻ󾢵𵴳ܹݵħ̵ڣͽǣɱˣǿ޽֮£ʮ׵ľڣѾԶԶس
ɽ֮еħ⮽ͣ˵صħ⮵ʬ塣
ֻе֮еħɷŭĺͣҳͷϵļ͵


062 ˿
Ҷ̫ȱ£ĿλƽƬƳ©״滹ͿĨһͣħֻҪһȥ̾ͻ˿СǴε֮УƾҲٳˡ
׼ѣ
Ҷ漴Աߴ˸ƣԱߵĵ̶ڣеպ͵ĲݰûӵȼˣĶɢŨǺζѬΧֱȻһѰѵ֮У׼õëձȥˡ
Ƭ֮󣬵֮еħ⮷Ӽس˻ƴسӣײ졣
ʱӳЩħû˶ͣˡ
ڶǽҿ˸֮󣬴ŨɢȻóӹѾѬȫӲħһֻֻ˳
ԱЩѪģħҲһֻֻ˹ʼ
رϴαħһʮͷ֮еħаʮܹǶʮһͷ
ڶǶʱˮһط
ʮһͷħ̣ʮһͷһͷħ̶ʮ㹱׶ȣٶͷܹܹǧĹ׶ȣϴ̫ţˣҳ㣡Աߵֱ޷еļشԼţ
СЩħƨҶһµеĲҶصʰʰ߰ɣնӣ
еӶʱɵۡ
ֱЩʵָָ֣ڰʵͷǲȥˡ
ȥˣ书СҶյصȥúõεջ
еĵ۾һŽźϣɫҶ
ܹǧ˵Ĺ׶ȣ˰ٵͷңĴƽˡҶ˭ô
ŷҮûĵǻ
֪ոΪʲôôҶתͷһڨڨĴţʵĴϻŰӡ
֪ˣϴǵĶˬţκ죬ʹŴϵİӡٺٺЦ
ͦĿͷǧСˡҶļ
ţͷƤٺٹЦһ
֮кȻһ쳣˻һɫӰȻʮɵľת˲ͳ˹һ˫˸źצӡ
ֳڵĵӴֲ֮£ϵ·һӾͱ˺˿
ӲҽһĲ˵һߡڱ˴γսʱرԼһ׿磬һҲֻǱ˺˼׶ѡ
Ա߰˸ֳڵĵӻæѩڻ߰ˢˢһΧ֮£˿ļ̶ʱŽɫӰȻֱˣֻɫӰȻһ˫ѻĺצؼץ˹
ԱߵҶѾӦ˹һ֮£˫һһһ·ߣȻ˿쭱ӿ
Ҷ˻ʱյļ侫׼γһԲεİΧȦ÷ɫӰǰ
֨ѸݵӰγ֨һֽ֮£æ˵ʱ򣬶پҲѹ˹뵽ҶĲ˻طƾȻǻεġ
ָҶһŷĲ˻ûɢֱȻ쿪ָˡع죬ʳжָǹһҴգֱ˰֮еĽ⮣
⮷һعֽȫĽ˿ë֮£һ룬һֻĺצݺץҶһָ
ࣣɾཻ͵زҽһƤ㱻˳ȥҶһָҲƿˡ
ֻͷ⮸ոҶһֱֻش
Ҷոյһнָϵӵǡ˲ɱֱ͸˽⮵ֱ֮УͷȻǿһֻצҲ׷ϵˡ
ͷ⮷عֽһȻӷʣһֻצݺݵץҶ
ˤ֣Ҷȭһ䣬һֱƶ
ǰľȻһģһƬҫһֻɫľƣһʵĶƣͷ⮵ǰ
ʸսҶнƷ书˻طơ͡ˤ֡ĻһĻģ书ȷʵʵнƷ书ȴַĹǴ˵еĹҲ˵Ҷǲʦ磬ۻ룬ôҲ޷ӳٷ֮һ
Ҫǣ书ǿɱ͵Ĺ˻طԲΪˤȴӲ
һһᡣ
㲻㣬ʸսҲζû뵽ҶȻôͲʦ磬ôͰŹɡ
飡һͷײ棬ȻͭӰغ֮£һǿķȫ¡
ͷ⮹ֽһƤ㵯˳ȥ
Ҳսˣ˻ֽһ֮£ת˲ʹԾ֮вӰֻصŵ̶ؼ
Ҷζһ·еһ׺һͷӣιû°ɣ
תͷϮĵӣӿһҡҡͷ
ոհϮĵ¶Ÿ첲ĿĵѪۣɴ˿ɼոͷ⮵ǶôĴ󣬵ǺӶףһ¿أҲֻƤ˶ѣϵףֻͬ򶼻ᱻ˺ˡ


063 ʧܵ
ƻʮ֣ʱѾ׽ˣɽɽ洦ɼɽɽŽĸԺӣҫ
ԺԺԺԺͷԺһЩ߽׵ĵӶѾɽ֮Թڹ㳡ϾۼҫԼԶޣͼԱŮǵ
Ժ壬ɱױһͷ׶15㣡
Ժ׷磬ɱѩԳͷ׶60㣡
㳡ϵļվУһһزЩǵջȻջǹ׶ȡ
Ѿû𣿡һӣһ۳ϿһԱߵɳ©ʵʱϾҪˣˣҲһˡ
ţûءҶԶ
Ŀ֮£Ҷ߽㳡֮УΧһƬЦ
Ҷϡ
ӴŶϷųˣ
ⲻǷԺȺܸЦ𣿹
˵ǴӼţ
۵ļһ˲ţ
Ա˴ˣһسˢΡȻЦѵҶ
Ҷֱͦͦߵϵǰʵʳϣһֻħ⮵Ĺ׶Ƕ٣
ΪؿҶһۣ漴룬һֻ׵ħ⮹׶Ƕʮ㣬㣬ȡħأ
г仰ҾͷˡҶԱߵֻۣǺߵ֡
ܼĽŲˡ
ԺĵֺһֻĴⵣһ֯ľҡ״
һŴ󲽣ֺߵ˹㳡֮һصڵϡ
һħ⮵ʬͬһ㣬˳תۼѻСɽһ㣬㵹Ŀɿڴǰ
ž㳡һؼžеӣǰ϶ճյؿǰһѵħ⮡
ǡħ⮣ҵ죡ǾȻȥԳ룿Ͼص
ŶħħĵӣǰСɽһħ⮣ʱİԼսƷ˱
ܹǶʮһֻħ⮣볤ϲһ£ΪɡҶŸ첲赭дص
һĭɿزһֻһֻؿʼţԱߵһɵǶס˺ųϡ
һǧ˰ٵ㹱׶ȡϲ֮ź뵭ص
Ǻã˰ٵ㹱׶ȹңƽĵǾͺˡҶ˵ͷ

Ϲ׶֮ڶǣȲؾͳ˲ؾУʼѰԼɵؼ
ǿıˣЩڱһһλܵĹ׶ȣ˵һõĹ׶ȣѾˡ
ҶıǷصԺʱѾǻƻʱˡ
ԺĴſڴλãһȺ̻سಲĺԱߡ
ѾŹӺڷԺĴŴֳƤ֮Ķôģ·һȺõĶһ㡣
һµʱδᾫѾԵЩˣȦԵɫԱߵĺҲһ޶ĵС
ģվҪ
ҶͱĵǶĬˢˢվҶıγμĶš
һ쳣صտʼڳĬн֯š
ȺС쵰׬ĿɲٰҿС˰µĺ룬żӣλƵߵ˱УĦ°ͣ˹ص
ÿϰ׬׽֮
еĵǶ׷ŭˣ
ƾʲôҶʵ
ԱһһӣҪûǴִƽյ̵нɾӦӦֵТԹԵؽ֮Ĺ׶ִ壬Ҳ˵һȺС쵰Ҫ
ҶЦһҪǲأ
ᱳĹ̽һߣ·ҶǶײᣬǼҵһ㡣
ҶһСˡһߣŰү˹һ˫ͫ˸Ŷ񶾵ɱ첻ȻͰһˣɳС¶ٺ٣Ŷѹȥ˰ɣ
ƾʲôҶʵҲಫɱðΣգŶһ㹱׶ȣѾǴִ£ѹեǣЩô
ٺ٣һүڻǰôɺʺͷƤ¶һ᫵ĻưٺЦˣҲ¸㣬ҶոҽǧƽҪȡҶ㻹ĺֵǮ
ٺЦģһͷèڿץµСӡ
ҶҲЦˣصᣬ⼸㵹ǲûа׷ѹ򣬰ҵˣҲȷظһ仰飬֪Ѿ̫˵
ܳôҵǲãȫļȻ·һֽһ㣬ֿ췢˹Ц
ȷѾ̫ˣһʵҵңֹǧƽ𣻵ڶʵûл׬ȡ
ҶȻһĴָ´˴
ش
ٴμžһؼž
˶ʱҶˡ
˵ոɱħʱֻǶ羴ǶҶǾһ㡣
ǲţ漴ȣȻ
һƬײкͱķ籩ü
̽ɺͷƤͷҪ͵һ¶˰ɭɭˣһɷ֮㳡֮С
Ϥ˶һҪɱˡ
ϻϻϣϻƨãο⣿
ҶȴЦˣʱʱ̿װһײģ׵ΪԼĴֻܹĿ
ᣬԺһޣҲҺȥǩ״Ҷһ°ͣص
ٴλȻ


064 ̨
ڳĵӣҩȵصĵͳͳͻҶ𾪴ˣ
ޣ˭ˣͺɱҶҶȴҪȥɱ
ʱһ漴ЦСӣڳҲǸŽ׵߶ѣȻᷢս֣֪Ǽ׵ĸôҿʦףҿǸףɴǶҵĶ֣
䣬ϺȻһ㵭ɫĹⲨȫĹǽڶʱһըž
ʦ磬ϵᱥ磬ʱʱγһ
ϴ䣡ԱߵһɹǶ
ĸ֣¹صȼ⣬ֻеСŻûŻˡ
ҶϵĹĽ⣬мһڣᣬǧң㺦ˡ
ͫ͵ʱһЦҶȷˣ
ȷˡҶСָȻһЦɵ㣬ҶԺĴִ£
ãҸᣡЦһഽˣϼ£ǽҪ˺룡
˵꣬תͳ㳡ϵС̨˹ȥ
ֱ˰ЩӶҼҶص
ϴ󡣡ֱһʱ˿ϵɫ
ҪдϡҶɫȻļͷҴⳡޣ㵱Сִ¡
ֱʱȻ
ԺĹ㳡дλãһҽĸ̨滨Ĺ⻬̨ϣ浽˱˺ɫĸɺѪպĽӡ
̨ϵĸɵģɴ˿ɼ̨治֪Ⱦ˶ٸֵѪ
Ҷһȥ̨Ṵ˹ָ
һӣһ˫׾дŹеưײУһε̨
ŶɽҶкȻоһ󵽺ûף϶ʱ˼֡
ԴˣҶеȡ
ӢڣⲢһջ
һµĻͿ壬ľ
Ӣ۶סˣοǹܣʹҶʤϵˡ
ᣬĽŲе鸡ҶıŸ첲ʧЦˣֺɵľŮɫɣ
⻰ʲô˼ȻʱΪ˲һͷѪʨӡ
ִ£׸ǵЧɡҶԴٺһЦֻò̫Զѡ
ͫȻһϸ룬ŭ㣡Ҷԭ㣡
ɫ৵һ±˲ҰɫָҶ
ĺˣҷģǵǾûжġҶЦֻһ㸱öѡ
㡭СӣҧĥĿ
̨ӵµĺ仰Щûιȥԭһ˫ĵһ۶񶾵ؿҶҧһѩ׵
Ա߼ĵӴʱ˿̣ȴѾٺЦŴ˹
ᣬۿɫѾˣæһҲȥԷˣǾͿʼɡҶ۾̧ͷ˿бͷ
ʨצһҧٺЦһͻһһ˫ȴץ͵سץ˹
ִָһɵɫţɢһ޼᲻ݵϢˣƹһɿ
һкʨצĵ֮ϲһв޵֮Уһپܹ˺ѳꡣ
ԸҶδ̫ŷ￴ˡ
ʱҶǰ׷ѹģ˵ĿǵϢѾƶ˳ṥٶȲ죬ҲǿƽƾһǹĺȫأԷƣ֮ٽƣĶֻС
רƫŹ򣬲̫ķչǱģȻʦ֮ȴ㲻ǿߡ
ǿǿս϶ǿһֽûǿ󣬱˵ɴ߳ǿ󣬶һıӸ˷ʤ
ɴΪŮӣͲӣѡȡı书ҲСΪǷȱһɱȭսṦȴǷǳɫ
ƾһǹӲܹѻͿԱ֮ΪǿߣôǿҲδֵ̫Ǯˡ
һȴǡǡɴȭŹĿǣټŵĹأµ̨֣ñֻȭŹСǡǡԼɴĳ
˵ɴǰܸĺ򣬶ǰܸŹ档
ҶȻһ٣ȫǽ֮£αڶ𣬲ָ罣һָȴİƣȻӲӲַ
ָ͵رŷһơ
ࣣץҶĽָȻ£ըѵ
һָҶõ˲ɱ𵴵ʹ
ٺ٣Ų֪˫רɣҵָЦһһֱûжֺȻԱָݵٶȼץҶļ
һץƼݣתۼץҶļϡ
һڳסҶĲӣһܰ˺Ʋһ㣡
Ҷһ綸Ȼһһ
10о鲼ȫȻһҶ粼Ϸ˳ȥһʨץо·ץĲѪ֮ǻƤһ㣬һ¾ץ˸ա
Ҷһб·ܾ㣬ವһ¾ͻɿ⣬ת˼£ͱܿĽץ
ʱŭˣһ˫ë׵ĴֺϺ£һ˺ѵײУ޲ðҶ˺Ƭһ㡣ҶҲ黫͹ҲֻһζصƾṦܶѣӲӲ
ղɾã᲻أĹͣʮҶƤû˵ʱо΢΢Щƣˡ
һ޽ƵĻɵڱ¶˳Ѿʼ΢΢Ĵʮָ͵ģŵٶȺܿ죬оǰ΢΢ơ
ȥĻֻ²Ҷ֣Լͻſˡ
᲻ЩһרֵõҶǰۣ
Ǻʼʩһ֮£ϺȻĹǽڱ죬һɫĹⲨϡ
ٺ٣ҶȻתѸһƮǰλá
ֳ˻ΣһƷ˹
Ȼ𣬡žһ죬Ĵ϶ʱһӡ


065 Ƶ
Ҷһ֮£ͼӰİһ㡣
һֻͨѣ渽ı徢ܹһ
ᱻ׼ŭˣжʱһĨŭɫɹɱü֮бŷʱŭһȭ
ŭһɲǣѪѾź緢һء
̨µڶǶʱ𣬱ļиǿЦļ׷ߺͷɫɷףЩ˹ȥ
ͷѾŭĻ泹׵ˣһ֮£˷·ʳŭʨһ㣬س˫ȭƿյľХҶɱ
Ҷʩչ˷ĲӰʮķͻͷͽһ㣬˫ƴ֮£һǰһɴ˻طȭҽ£Ȼٴεغ˳ȥ
һ˫ȭͬشسҶҴ£˳صľ磬޲ýһȭ
ȭ͵ȴʼԳ־ãڹĺСϸзȴǴмȥѧ͸Ҷɳ֮
ţҶֳû˹飬˫ﶯ𣬡žžἸͷתŭʢ
ɥʧᷢһʹ˸ʮֺĴɱУҪǮһسҶк
ࣣҶһУѸٲ׽ս
ƻӶ֮£ֵٶȶȻһƥնλá
һֵ渽˲ɱ
ᶸȻеһ飬˫ֺȻоľûӦҶһ˲ɱնϡ
ָҶһβ绡Ȼתı
ȭӰ任ָһָƿ罣ֱֱشıϡ
һнָǡνץϼµָ򣬵ȴǸҶ10ı徢
һȣһ㵭ɫ˸
ΪƾָҲܴҵĺ˿ܣʱЦһƾָԼϡ
ЦȻ¶ɫ
ָֻλãȻһһƤѾѿγһѪ
㡭ŭָҶһ֮£ҶƮƣ漴׬ıһָ¡
һһѪ
Ҷ˫ִ֮£ת֮䣬ļؽڵλýһѪĹٶȣǽ͵һ㡣
ҧгݣȫµѪвѪֱʹоѾʹκεˡ
оҶȻͺһȭ߬ճ˷״һ׶εȭһȭصصСλá
ȻӿѪ·õһйڰ㣬۵һŻһѪ
ûȻоȻһʹһɼѸٴĹؽ֮УᾪֵطԼĸ첲ȻЩ̧ᷢˣ
ҶʱЦ˼ڿнóʮӰ˫һ˫İ㣬һ㼱Ĵ
ƿվ֮ڶһɹɼ̰ġ˲ɱѸٴڵĹؽ֮С
ֻоȫѸɢҲ಻ס֣Ҷðݺݴϥؽ֮ͨһڵأȫ¿ʼͣس鴤
Ļѣæϡ
ûҶѾٺЦһǰһ̧Ųʺˡ
˵ɣᣬǧƽʵ׬
̨µһĹǸɫɷס
ĵĺͣزţȻԼЩɳö¡ٿȻһŰֽ㡣
ᾪֵע֮£ҶһŲұϣȻסһָָֻ˶ָжϸĦһϸܵĽɫġ
ڿս֮ǰѾˣֻɽ䣬һֻڵװĶҲ֪Լ̫ˣİԼĶصĵطҲһֱţ˻˴ѵĹ׶ȣһֻɽ䣬Լȫļҵ档
ɱ̨µĵ۾ˣµ³ɺޱ˳Ⱥ鼤֮£ʱ
һɹӵɫɷ
ҶٺЦһֵֵһѸƵıԵһεľݵ
һȻĲն¡


066 Ȼһ
ˣҪɱң͵۾һĨֵɫֵĴУԸ⽻ִµλ
ɱ㣬ȻԡҶ̧̤ϣȻʳһֽһЦȰ뽻ȥɣɴΪִ£ҶǸִ£˭ûУ
ɴִ£
̨µڶһ֮£ʱ¶ϲ֮ɫ
ɴλڵĴͷһֱĵġ
ոҶչֳıīڵĸֶΣҲ͵ľٶ嵭˿
ûûǩϾǩˣᷢ˴ѵ̧Ѫ쵵ʼǩ֡
Ҷеľᣬģ˻С
ˣȥ˰ɣҶ˵ˣȥɽµƳǣɴʦɡҶػ˻֣Ա߼ҵĹ̳ͷȥ
Ҷ漴̨ԾʩʩȻسȥ
ԼʱҪˡ
̨µֱŭˣ£Ȳس嵽ҶǰŭϴѾǩޣΪʲôɱ
ҪɱǾû˳ĻˣҪɴʦ㵱ִ¡Ҷζֱļ򣬵Ժǲˡ
ˣ㲻鷳𣿡ֱ㬵ʵ㲻鷳ҲŹǰɣ
ĺˣҪܹˣҶ־͵дҶٺЦһһ˦Цȥ
Ź濴ƿɣʵȴǼϿڵӿڸԺڵ̨Ͼ˸˽ڶĻǾǴ治ˣΥ߽ᱻϳ书ɡ
Ҷոպһͨ񶷣ֻˣʵҶԼ뻯ڱܣļͽؽڵҪ㣬⣬ѾǱױϵˡ
Ϊ˱Ҷ˲ɱİ˼ֱ۴ȵȼҪĽλá
һʱ仹޷ˣʱƣɵ˻ͻ͹ԣ˻ͻء
ֱһʱ˹¶һЦݡ
֪ҶڱԵĹ̰ĿתԱһֱ߶ֻƿǳĺһЦ
ΧȲ񣬺ɫٿȻɷףŸ첲˵ϣ¶һĨȿ޻ѿЦ

ԺڵĵǿʼˣٵӶŵƽʣģһ㡣
ԵֵܻزҲ㲻ˡ
ʱɴûҶҲʼִиִµȨˡ
ֵµĵ˵Ĺආ°ˣÿжصĻͰŶأԺȨϴƣֵǿʼˣֱؽǰִȥԼǴλãȻӲ³ǰµĹ׶ȡ
Ļִ£ûڿ㶼ծ
ϵģЩ˵ĹȴûκηľٶǹԹԵطҶİţɢڸԺ֮С
ʱҰûʲôģֻҪһ·ͶȻա
ѾᲢûʶԼѾܵĴѾˣҪԼ˺֮ŻģҶκҪһˬشӦһü˳СϱģԼ׼ҵආҲѹ
ֻҪˣڰиɵ֮ȻԺ
ῴ緢ҶпʼطźݣʼﻮԼ书ָ֮ˡ
ҲΪԭҶôȨô£ֵµЩ˵ආӶûʲô
ڵȴȴĻָ
㲻㡣
Դ̨֮ԭ׳ƻ徹Ȼʼһղһգ˶ҩûκεЧ⼸ո˷쿩Ѫ֢״ˣͦ׳һתۼͱĥ˵书ˣ·ݡ
ʱ
ſһƫ֮Уڰž£һ˳ȾϢ
ƫϷдҽá
һ̴ľԶᣬַڰ棬һذ׵Ůɫأһ̴ľһԣָϣһƵɫĹⲨˮڣĮ˪ϲζ
ķػ䡱֮£ЩҶɵİ̺һһոµƤ
վ֮󣬺Ȼһһ֮жȻȻ̹ǵľʹʹһûˤڵء
һֽţֻȻҲǰǰܹͨ֫ٺˡ
ʦãҵƣôˣϣؿǰŮӡ
ҵĸػ䣬Ҳֻ˵ľ磬ָܹƤƣǶھ֮ȴΪŮصڴ󲿷ֵľ磬˲أ޸֮ȻֱϥؽڽأǱð飬һкܶ඼ѾضϷգƽ·пɣȷʹ˿Ҫָˡ
һŴ϶ʱһɷףʧǵصⲻܣⲻܣ
ԱߵļҲʱɫɷףһɫɥΪһϣǲŰԼܵһ㹱׶ȴոᣬҽпˣȴζ޷ܵġ
ȥˡ˲·ʮһ㣬૵ص
һڹȥ֮Ժ֮г״ϴ֮󣬶ȷΪзϵ·ҲȥɢڸԺ֮󣬻ûüšһͱЩũūĵһӵϣĥŹ˲зϣһû
ڷԺںаԵᣬʹ˱ˡ
ҶһԾŶһ棬˵ûɱûɱֱӰϵٲзϴ򷢵ͲĵӵˣЩǰĵҵ˷йĻˣһ˻ܵҵᣬҲӾͺݺһ٣Ѿײз˵ÿ켸ҪʮǵŹвٻǰĹӣʵ಻ԣ
ҵģҵĻһֱٻͷŵ¾Уÿ츺ϴһȺŮӸ˫˫֮󣬺ݺݳһڶ
ԼֻʵۻʺһĴڣǽ޾֮жɹ°ҶȻϵ书ʵӴȴʮֵļʵٶʮûġ
ʹܿʱԽ
ҶûʹˮϰߣʲôûֻϸƷԼµĶѡ
һֻԼӦѡ


067 
Ҷһٽ𵶴󸫵ذԺɨ֮ɴѾƳиϻˣ˷ԺĴִ£Ժ֮еķ̻Ȼһ¡
Ҷִ¾࣬ÿײβÿ¶֮漴Ͷ㵽˰ͣ
ںʱѾʦˣһǧ̶һµʱѾͻʦĽ׵ľ硣
ҶԼԽ棬ֻһָߣ˵ֻһ־ܵļ书֮һеģĶ׹ˣݻˡ
Ȼݻˣôһо͵мѭȻмѭǾ˽ݾߡ
һеһжܹݻˣ֮лһ裬˵Ҷ⣬ԼնľأͻȻԼҲܶˡ
ֶǿòοǾܹпһ̬ϹпôԼҲһߡ
һߣӦӵһǿֶ̬ЩԼԵװ˵ҲֻһǿĸֻǸ书ѣҶҲԼҪߵ·ߣôⱲӶΪĸ֡
书֮Բģκ书ֻҪ˼£۷֮
ҶʱУѾȥοԽϵˣԼԼѡ
ҶԽ֮ںϵõļҲǷǳӴģԼǰӰ˵ģŸ߰˶ѧ峵
ɵʮ澭֮⣬֮ڣϸС֧άϵȫӴѪֱＡëЩϸ΢ĵط
׹ͨЩϸСľ磬һܹͻ쾳磬ȴԽѪÿһ綼ϸ΢ľأΪͻƸ߲ľ磬¼ʵĻ
ҶÿֶһǾѾ10оЩţëϸС֧ͨ
ֻԼѪܱ͸͸֮ǲھĹؼ
ҶһСλҹĶȫĽȻһ˿˿ɫ˳ż绺߮ȫ֮󣬺Ȼס˿ڱǣ˫֡žתٵĴȫ¡
ÿÿĻһڹĵͻһֱĻ˹֮С
һ·ۻҵĴȫÿһҶڵһþŻ³һڳ
ʱ˿̣תʱ򣬸еȫĹͬһůڵˮһ㡣
ȫĹ͸֮󣬴žʦ۷˰ɣߣʱֻͻ쾳綼㲻ʲôҶĿоԼ֮гְɫ裬·һ㣬žӨ͸ʸкһɲ
ҹطƬ֣ɳɳ
ҶһĿˣ˾Χһж֮Уеһҵ⾳
Ȼ䣬еԼľ΢΢˿˿
˭Ҷ͵۾Ѹٲ׽һӯĺӰ
кǴһ˿ЦһĨںɫ綾߰عⲨϮ
ںɫĹӰȻǼȴûд˿ķȻԷʹó뻯ҲѾߵľ硣
ߣҶֻצ̽һζָһ˦֮£һȭͷСХĲ˻ط羢Ҵ
ġ˻طơѾ8ľ磬ϧ910ȴѽˡ
⵹˵ҶµĿ๦㣬ΪŹֻڲ쾳ھʥܹӳ
Ҷʥ磬ԣôһƳƾͣҲᱻ˻طת
ֻ۵һܸһ㣬ӭɴñһʵĲ˻ط羢˸šıڴ˵֮£Ѿܹѽ֮ˣһԲĲ˻طУȻطеиסˣ
Ҷʩչһ֮󣬶ԸҲֻܹ赲ͣͶѣʩչϸƷ˿һ㣬̺оһپܽɱ
˲ɱҶһڿնǺһ˲Ϣ䶶һƬˮĹĻͻ֮£Ӱ̳ʮ
ǺӰ书Ҳȸ㣬ĳƻһܲ͸ıӰ಻ӲصסҶʮ
ҶȻöһס˱ңһ
ӰһҲϣŵеı֮˫һһζ̽ɳ಻Ҷ
ܣ裡Ҷһζɣ˫ƻ磬ǰƶ
쫷绩ȻХ
ƾƻ֮£ΧȻ쫷Уͣػײ˽
ԭοҲ·һƬŭǱͣػػХը֮ڶ
εĺӰ⧲֮£ȻɾؽסˣŭеһҶ۰㣬ζվˡ
Ҷȴɷ籩˳֮Уˮһ㣬Ӱ㣬һŤ󣬾ŭ֮˲嵽Ӱǰһץץ
ӰҪƴ赲κΧ·εһ㣬⧲£ҶһѾͶס˰ʺһᰴСλá
ҪҶߵ
Ӱһε̾Ϣ᳷ͷϵͷ֣¶һž绨ա
ȻɴҶʱһ
Ҷ书ѾʤˡɴŭߵֱŰС㻹׼ã
ɴһĨŭϸĨκ졣
Ҷشϸϵɿ֣ڱᣬŵ΢ЦҵӵܻкܶëͬҲкܶơ
ޣɴһڣʰ˱ӣ˹
ϲ£һɴԳ˳ˮˣʵɫ֮£һ쳣صС
ΪʲôҪƼҵִأɴҶȻ̾
Ǵҵ˼ҶյҾģǲࡣ
ɴϥǶߣĵһ̾ǡûø࣬ҲӦִ²Ŷԡ
ؿɬһЦҾãұʵ̫̫ˡ
֮ӮˣΪұӴҲ̺׺ݡҶһĨŵɣǣʵأʵıҸ࣬Ӧõġ
ôɴ׽ۣɬһЦΪʲôأ


068 ˮ
Ϊϣʱ־֣Ҫ֪ӣûϣûͷӣЩȻڰ֮Уʼնִŵصȼյƣû㣬ЩѾǳױˣԣȻչֳ˸ǿײеֶΣĻѡ㣬ԣֻ˳֮Ĳࡣ
ҶдһĨ䣬ɴԶԣн˼ᶨĹâ
ˡ
ҶǿգصҲ˵Ǵģûǻ۵ģȴ̵ģ͵ģڵȻˣȴģȷģԺǵĹҲʵʵڵģ飬ѾˣչֶֶȻͣǷԺĵӸһºִƽϵĴˣԣֻܻøãҪ˴Ҷ
ִλòǽҲʤĹʵһ޿жΡ
лл㡣ɴصִµλãˣһıá
Ҷվһ񣺡ִ¡
񡣡ɴ漴һЦݣһʱҶɫһ
Ƕ˵Ϊ׷ңŰλøҵġɴдһƤЦ⣬£һ·˿Ȼʵңй뷨𣿡
ҶȻЦӯӯɴǰɴǳüģǺദʱҲǴһ˿УڵƺеļѹظЩıɫ
żֵŮľգҶкȻһԲλĸо
ζ룬ǣߡҺȻоܲ䡣ҶȻһ׶ĵĴʹո֮ۡЩںڰм尾ʱ򣬳Ϊֲʣȶѡ
һһ־ĵĸо
Ӻѹɴסģʵǰô
Ҳ˵Ĳ롣Ҷǿգ૵ص
ɴЩճյؿǵˮ⣬ȻɴһĨʹ
ǾˣȥϢɣµһˡɴƤصҪִµ
˵꣬ҶֱȻ䣬Ľ³һɫСߣɴŵüһವһͨһһӾͰѸҶˤ˲棬һ֮£ֵѹҶϡƬδ˴㴽صҶϡ
紥㣬һӾͳסˡ
·һ䵽ƵĲݴһ㣬ҶȻҵȻһѹ˵ϣſס㴽һ˫ֺظȫ¡
ɴܵؿ漴ҶҰĹ³ױԶʱһƬհףֻǰǰδеĸо
ˡɴȻƿҶϷ֬죬ݺݸһ⡣
ôߵĻ쵰
ݺݵض˶ţҲƺԶˡ
ҶӴؿ
ոһ⣬ᡣ

ԺԶһƬɽ֮Уģܲ޵Ļľļʢ糤ѣǳ
Ҷ߽ƬɽУһ͹λãһ㡣
漴Ŀλϣɨһ漴̧ǰȥȶڵģֻΧõ˳żԼڣоȫһ˵ˬ
ˮ򣺴˵棬ڴ˵Уָٶ1%ȫ200%
ҶͨĿʱаϲԭˣѹǰ޵߶ҪһƬˮأƬˮؾȻЧٺ٣ԺõƷ书Ҫˣٺ١
Ҷ漴ϸ̽һԺڵķˮܹ崦еķˮأԼȨ´ԼɴռһˮأķָԺڵӣÿ´ûķˮΥϳͲ
ҶľҲһ⡣
ֻҪ书һ֮书ҪӦľҲݴμ˵Ĳ˻طƣ߾Ҫ޶࣬ǲʦ֮Ҫľֻ֮һѡ
ߵľߵͣô򵥵ģ̺߶⣬˾֮ϵؼ㣬־֮һζĵƾһɿȵԿ޵Ѿˣֻгײ͸еĵܹĲ쾳硣
ʱƳǵĽֵϣΪ֡
ſڵСԼƵĵۣҡŽħᣬζŰԾɷǣֻ϶ǴпЦݣټϴߺţкˣԵΪ
һҵ̵ķһĳ߶ߣλεɡط壬һ֮ķ巢Ŀڵһơ
Ҷһ·߹֮󣬸ĵ̼Ҷ쳣ĵҶкҶһһͷӦ
Ƴǵҵϣ˭֪λҶүǷԺֿȵĶִ£ҲǷԺڵĵһ
ɴȻ书ǿۼͷԣҶǿɾǲʮǧԶ
ĺ¥ȻռõĽֵ棬ֶ̫ӪջʵڲԶԶȲЩѾõֺ̺ţֻЩֺŵĿջһֱ
˵ƣɴǱȲЩ̺š
ԴҶƹ֮󣬽һĸĸ֮е̾Ͳͬˡ


069 Ժһ
Ҷܶøıȡ
ǰҶ˷Ժµ޵ǣһЩרаħСһȫǷŵ˺¥ڴ۵ġ
ƳڵľѾĥ֮࣬˸֪֮޲лһ
Ϊ˸ãҲΪ˳Ӧ⣬ҶгÿνʱƳˮ֮С
һƳ֮ȴ쳣Ļ𱬣¥ĲֵһɨգŸСǵ˶ˣÿÿԺĵƳһñа֮̾ͱƳڵĸ̼ҵ̸һգǵ̼ר
ҶˣԽ¥ĳһרŶר÷ĵ̣ԺҲвٵ޵ӣȻΪߵҲֻʦףƲʲôϵȵķƳרſС꣬ٳаɷִ䡢ħ塢ҷǮ֮СȴǼϰյĻӭ
Ժڲμһɵ޵ӿνһҹɴҲѸһԾΪԺ׸˴ѵĽǮ֮󣬷Ժڵĵܴ˲Ƹļ֮£ǣ̶µʱ߰˸߾ĸֿŲƸ֮£Ѹٵزʦ
Ǯ֮󣬺¥ĵƹҲ͵߰˼㣬ˣΧ̼ԷسǮӶƳڸֽ˰װһºװεĹⰻȻ⾡ɵɡ
˷Ժڵĵ˴УԺһ֮£ҲʱҲۺޱȣ˵޵ӦĹ޳ɵҲ벻ļӳ֣Ҷɿ֮£Ժִµֻ۱ֻ۵£ԺڵҲѸٲһ֮УѸپͳ¢һ⣬Ϊתվĺ¥һ˵ÿݡ
յƹ͵СǵĸɹɺͺЩƹ͵СǸɾʮ㣬ԽԽ󣬸ɵȻ
˳ڵĻ֮ԺڳĸСҶҲٴˣһɵЩͿ̻̼ңһ׬ǮܽЩ̼ңνһá
㹻ĽǮɴ̼ͨҹ˴ҩģҶÿնרŵҩʦϺõҩ壬ȻȲڵ鵤ҩЩҩ˳ڵĻ֮󣬶ΪҲǴ档
ֻЩҩŶɴǲģǶȴЩѶȡ
ΪĽҪǿҪǿľͶ⡣
ֻԴҶһʱ嶯֮£ͻƹϵ֮ɴ⼸һֱڶҶ
Ҷ֪ĹŮ֮ˮһ㣬ټڽЩħƫִɵĹһʱ̿Ťתġ
һ뵽ҹǿ֮£ĥصζҶ鲻ԽطһĨЦݡ
ԱߵֱƳۿҶĨɫԵЦϴЦĺа񡣡
룡εҶЦݶʱ̣תͷݺݵյļһһֱۣƲƲ죬˿ݺݵģǰڳһĹ⡣
ֱٺһЦƤʵϴɶأ
Ҷջ۾˭ɴʦ㡣
ֱʱ˸ͷƤ顣
ҶһȻתͷʵӣ˵ʵ׷ɴ˶಻ࡣ
ֱһۣҶϴ⻹˵ĴԺڰɴʦĶȥˣȨľǼϵĶӣθɴʦҩܾˣڵĹɭϣȻɻȢȴκ˵ȨǿȢ
Ҷ΢΢˵ͷɭϵĹҲģ޵һжʵΪ˵Ҳı漰Ů֮£δЩƲˡ
øɴʦ㡣Ҷ۾·ϸƷζһ㣬˵ͷҲѹˣԲĳɾ͡
ֱر飬漴ƵȰһϴֵҪȰһ䣬Ȼ㣬ȴɴʦˣɴʦҪ׷Ϊ֮ߵĿ꣬ͲῼŮ֮¡
У㶮ƨҶ¶ɫ赭дصΪɴʦעҵ֮ˡ
ֱƲƲ죬ܶһʼ뷨޲ǰ˵ͷһã˸ͷʱ򣬱û㡣
ʨһ֮ɴֱ̨оҶʵҲǸˣƽʱЩ˴ŵСЦҲںһ»Щ²ĵָ书ڵӵİ
֮ǴΣԺҶ֮£ȻþȻ۹
ɴŮ֮µӱܣҶҲ⡣
Ҳֻһʱ벻ͨѣֻͨˣһжӭж⣬оܹ׵Ľˡ
ֱ۾׷һŮˣһħ壬ϴǺ¥ķ鲼ȫˡ
뵽ЩԼΪʲôѡˡ
Ҷ֮Աǵ㲻ģЩ׷˵棬еһƷǿԴҵıοƳڱ޵ϮȻҪҪеĳһЩŪòϲµİͰˮǻҵġ
ֱڵܺͳµּϡ


070 Ҷţ
ƣ֪֪˰սҶЦڵĵӻûгӵһŴĵģǱȻǷˣǷˣ֮ģֻܵвŻжȥС
ҶǰţصһʼҪǲΪʹǺѵģʵǣҲһֶɣЩ˵ֹͿȥֹġ
ֱһԴʱȻ˵أԺĵΪǵô죬ҲһЩӽܲ׺쳾ջ󣬻뿪ɡ
ǶԣⲢһ¡ҶЦһ֮УвٲǼȻֿ飬ôȵ̣˼䣬۹ҲδزǼ¡
ֱص˵ͷ
Ҷ۾ͷصӣʵеħҲһֵˣֵ˲£µһֱԣֻһζĻرܺѹƣûҵʵķܣԲųеϰħʵأǳսʤԼƿԼ
˵˵̸̸֮䣬Ѿ߹˲ˣֱѾ˸ʽм飬ֱȻɻҪɡ
ιСֵܣô·һסֱ
ֱ˰ۣһʱ
һ·ֱѾ˺üİɻɵļһˡ
ֱμ䣬תͷһҶѾԱߵһ̯ˡ
̯˸ʽľżľľ֮С⣬ȥΩΩФ
̯һѮˣСһߺȣֻǾضһԣһľһ̵һ˫Ϭӥ
Ա߹һСľӣдţľ۴Сһֻ
һԵֱЦġ
Ҷֹ̧ȴضЩľ񣬲ˡ
ãֵ񣬵˵գǰԿǶʦˡҶĿһĵԱ˵ɿ̵ߡ
ߵļȻֱͦˣƽȵضԭأһ˫ֲڵĴɣָϲͭǮļƤ
һֱ۴֣߳ľһѩĿ̵
Ȼһ֮£̶̵ĵˮһζľϷ΢ϸľмӦ䣬ת֮һĵȻɡ
˵̵ʱ׵Ѹתţƺƶֱ۵һ㣬תĲֱϵȫӲľһ
ǿ˵ʱˮضһִһ㡣
˾ôؿµһԲ
Σ˿еĿ̵
ҶĿתؿĵ񹤣̾Ҷţǣǣ
̧ͷһۣҶ漴·һ
һλĴʦֵһݡ
Ҷţʲô
ͷؼ֮ŻƤһۣ漴һ֮дŸ߸ϵİϢ
Ҳľ񣿻滭
ϲЩľеϣ̶Ƭ̣ͽһͨľΪ棬˵ȼգѾӡҶһľ͵ѾԳǰķǣ䲻ƶƣʦ緶û˿̻Ϣϧϧ
Ҷطеľ񣬲ҡҡͷ
Ƥһ̧ʵϧϧʲô
ЩľãµǶ߽㣬ȴԾǷûдﵽֻȻɵϢ
ͷת˿̵þò
ҶЦЦͳһƱ˼ңʧˣЩҶˣʮƱЦɡ
ߴĿһ۽ƱЦҵЩľֵôô
ǰЩƷǷŵ񾩳ǣֻǰҲ󣬿ϧҲ࣬۸ֻռǰĴˡҶЦЦǷƳУֻҲɳҪ
ȷˣˣȻǸʶߣҲˡͷɫƱִһͷСӻʶ࣬Ҳգɫ磬ûȤϷϾһ𣿡
֮ã߶ǰˣǰ롣Ҷ漴ԵֱԸЩСղغãŵ¥ҵ˽լС
ʦֱ֣ȻЩ㵣ǵͷЩľ

ߵסڳǱƶһɷԲԺӣԺһ״Ĺʰȴ˳Ⱦ
ҲûʲôˣֻǶһ˾סڴ˶ѣ
ɣһҪƷһ¡
˵꣬ԱߵȡһɫĻᣬشˡ
һᾹȻýƱʵصڽ˿Ƴɵģޱȣˮѽ
һѾ˵˵ˣݸҶ档
еУԴһ˫軨ԣ·Сظһ㣬˿ͻ
ֻڽ˿ʵĻ棬ɽƵȴǳת
ʣͽһػ滭ĺޱȣɽԵ쳣վĻһſתǳȴǺ롣
мһȴǸߴɣֻ飬̤꣬ߣͷϴ巽ǹڣȴǲһȦȦεϵ˫ȴһ͹ӵξ޽һɻ磬նƻζ
Χǳ´ŵȴɽС
βߴ󣬵ȴһƿصĺеĹӾ޽һܹѹһУնɱһеϡ
Ҷôȶǰؿһʱ䣬ѾȫϵС
ҶߣȴûߵƫִڵȴҲİƣ֪֪ˣս
ؾڷ֡󡷺͡鷨󡷣ҪǸ书鷨ǸַһнƷôͻһרŹӦ׳ͷϵĹͼǾƷеľƷÿһͼ϶ϡ
ʱҶûа׷ѣʱżϣô֮һĺۼ㵶ȴԶԶ㣬ֻһӤѣԱ࣬ȴԶԶ硣
û㣬鷨ڵһᡶ׹в巽׹ϣԼһӰȭ⳹׳ɳնһ飬ĵѾͻ˵ƣȭַҲܹݻȭ
һָȻȭܺɨ򷨣κаҲ˲á
˵һεľ飬ҶٿͼƬ·ˡ
ɲǼ䣬ҶѾȫǶƿأǬ֮С


071 ȭ⣺
֪䣬ҶѾᣬԷ֮£˫ſʼſذαԲ˫ۻػſ羮ֻ³ÿÿһƳĺ֮˫漴ת˹³·еǬ˲䱻ߵڰһ㡣
ڳξȥ֮ھرָ֮֮֮½֮ȽȽǬλߵ֮£ּѹ֮£ڵ֮γһССС
ʶ֮һȻԽļжһʾȭ⣡
̣
Ҷ𽥻ָ㯣һȫ罬ˮŨŨĺŻ³һڳ
ڵով⡰̡һ֮£ȴǱʵޱȣʶҲ͸
뵽һ
ʦʦؼҪҪɢ˹һɢȻƾһǿľ񣬴سʶ֮еϣͨǳɾʦ֮
ҶתͷһߣǸȻǸ˼ңЩˡ
޷κμʶͼģ񡣡ߺ⣬ָ̧ŵСӣϷԵõͼ֮󣬾һֱҪһԽͼʮȥˣϷȻսԳԽϷ򵱳Ȩȣɢҵȴʼձסˡ
Ҷͼʱеֿȡ뼵ʵȵȸӵɫȻһЦ˼ңʵǴﲻ־磬²ΪȺѾΪЩ׵ȨȥƷҲҪõϣԣЩȻ£ɴﲻȻҵϡ
㡭߱Ҷһģ漴ǵͨ죬һʱȴҲ˵ˡ
Ҷ˵ûλʦȷĸҪȻĻҲ뿪׳͢ǧܵķĵطʵϣ־磬׵ĽǮȷѾˡ
ΨһľԼѪܹõϣĻĿ
ȴЩ߹еЩνġ޵ˡˣҶҲûһɷǵĸˣܹУֻҲֺֻ赵ıһʧ飬ա
Ҷס˻صݻƻ磬ٵأ彻㣬ΪʲôҲͼʲôǹ¼ؼģͬڣͬԣں˵۹⣬Ҳ˵뷨أԲϣһ£ľ𣿡
ƲҶţʵĵȣûʲôߵ͹֣֮һֵһ⾳⾳ҶԽţ֮չ˳ǵĴûиֻ֣֮û֮𣬲˵һ䣬ջȽţĸӸ߹󣬵ۼ⾳Զˡ
ʣͷȫţٿȻɫòҰס
˰ΣȻ۵һ³һѪ
Ҷʧɫæַסһɻڡ
˵ʵڵģҲû뵽ֱ˵ĻȻ߸ӣû뵽߾Ȼִŵ˼ɷħĵز
Σ߲ػˣһ˫ǵؿȻȻããã˵úã˵úðΪִʮ꣡վȻһԵҴˡҴú
ҡͷ겻ѣһʱ䱯˼㡣
ҶӣЪϢһ°ɡ
ͷһĨ⣬漴ҡͷЦأˣ˵öԣִѾμ³ˣ˵ļܱȵ񣿵ҵ֮ȴķҪһԶԶʤƷû뵽ȴǰˣ
˵꣬תԼǰѩĵ񵶣ԡһŤ˿
ҶûֹΪ
ɽ֮ף֮ѡҶЦЦǰҲҪ⣬ʵ⾳Ѿǲˡ
ʱȻ޶࣬Ѿӵˣ͸ˡתΪԣֽ𣬷С
ʱ˿̣ϴ˿ȴǴһƬƽϲ֣϶Ȼһɿ޳⾳·󳹴ʥɮһ㡣
Ҷûƴǣ󷽷ؽ˹ʵǰȥ·δ
ȥʲôط߲쳤ЦϷѸߣ޶࣬Ȼ£ɹѣ˰ˣ
˵꣬һЦƮȻȥˡ


ڶ ޽


072 ȭ˵
ص֮Ҷ漴ȥ˲ؾС
ؾƣƱģȴһ쳣ǿĽӡûɵƣκ˶޷С
ҶߵǰʱȻһݵĽ񽫣ޱؿ
̧ƣڹһѿһ϶
϶¥֮ſһƣݵվſڣҶư˽ˣһɲǼ䣬ƾʮ㡣
ĽеĻƽʿˮˣѲ
ؾڹ㣬һ¥ƷķнһƷķ¥нƷķ¥нƷķ
Ҷѡһֻƴػܹ׶ȣȻ㣬ȡƷĹ
Ҷѭ򽥽
ΪƷĹͱƷĲˡ
Ҳؾ֮棬ʮֵĴеĺóÿỨʱһ߶һС
ռ˵Ϊɴһֻ۱һֻ۵ġ
ңҶʲôȱǲȱ׶ȡ
ᳵ·˲ؾҵһᡶھʮʽȻȶϸؿʼ
ǰڲؾҵһھʮʽṦûƷףһֱһ֮УҶ׵ؾݳŹİ֮
ھʮʽͨɣԼ֫嶯չڵ׵ųԾѪ̼ڶʮĸѨϡ
̵ȭ֮󣬶ڹһ㡣
ͷŹӦ죬мһν֮裬Իš
ҶȻоʶȻһڣųһԱ߻һƬơ
ʶ֮ȻȻһ˲Ϣš
Ҷüλ΢΢Ķʱ͹ʱݣжƿǶһ㡣
üλʱظλҲжʮλ΢΢͹ѡ
ÿտʼͣȭ߶Ȼ׳Ѩ׳һѨֱӾͿԹȫѪӶȫܣһֱü΢΢Ϊֹ
ĺٶȺƵʿʼھʮѨʼҵλеɫĹڲͣۡ
֮Уһɹȳ֮нؿʼۼ
Ƭ֮Ҷ͵һתķ֮һſڣ͵³һưǵ
쳣ǵϢȻอ֮вķ˵µѪ
อ֮ۻĶģֻͨڲϵĺɲһһλϴҶͨھʮʽһ֮£̾ʹ˶ʮϣ˳ͽอڻȻһţһų˳
˻õ֮Ҷֻ֮Уһɸذɫظ֮˹֮еľ֮ƣڷ·ϴ˸ʹ죬еλã˿˿ģֻöĿȴֶ˼
ͰաھʮʽϰѪϣϴ׸ʣڵڷǰǰɢңһɫĳһھڴȥ˼ּܣ˸ǵ΢⡣
֪֮䣬书һ¥Ѿʦ˲ľ硣
ھǷԺУҲĶˡ
ſڴ˻ƽʿӰһ
Ҷεеᣬ˻ȥ漴߳⡣
֮кܶˣɴҲˣֻ֪һζĿޣûиϸµصࡢϴŵԼΪһֱ㲻ǰ
ߺ߶ħ
Ҷչһȫǽڷž
߳˲ؾԺһԻľдУ׺Ķ߽ģ̺˲£Ҷ˹ȥ
ߵ˹㳡λõʱҶȻ裬һӰƮƮ
ƷӴҶ֮󣬺ȻӬѪһ㣬һļˡ
Ҷ÷ϴһɲơѹơȻԶ
Ȼһרſߵķ䣡
ߣΪܰסôҶЦ
ͷϵȻһ֮£ⲪȻһ¾ͽϵķ˸顣
ÿһŷ涼ʹߵķҶǡýϵһ˿Ըơ
ɶ񣡡ԶȻһɵ
ৣѩһ㣬ȻƮƮʮƷһѷһ㳯˹
ʮֻҪһϣһͷˮţҲᱻεסˡ
Ҷ͵ǰ̤һֶ̧׼ЩƷһץһȦˣһת
ЩǱڿеһ㣬Ҷ˲ĥ˸ɾ
ˣԶĻ֮˶ŵ
һжȻʮͷسҶ˹
ҶؿŭˣһӶһָ㼲ָ
һֱָ˲䣬ֱ۹ɼ⣬ڽڱıֱڱ˵пƴƿճƴǹĳɱ̣¡¡ָ֮ƺһرң
꣡ըѰ
ʮöּĻҶԶľڣ̧ңңһָȻڰͣ
ţҶָᵯ֮£һŻ֮£Щ׷׷žըƮ
˭Ҷһ


073 ħ
Ҷ֮⣬Щڱⱬ֮漴ʮЩľ߽ģϳ˻֮⣬Ȼˡħ͡ħʹһŻͬʯмһ㣬ͣسҶ˹ʱҶЩƣڱˡ
ʱ˿̣ҶڰС񶷵ʱ򣬲Զһ˫쳣ݵ۾ضҶ
ԺڣһƫƧլ֮Уĵڣڷһ׹Ǵӳɵļ̳
̳һССĹŹĵһϰӴڼ̳ǰ棬ȫ˺ۣꡣ
ȻᣬԱվһӣΪӢһ˫۾
ʱѾˡӿڶ㱨ʱڴˣֻҪһֱۣĴͻӦᣬͿԿĳȥ
һĨǿҵĳ֮ɫҧҧӼ̳һ׹ذʼ䡣
ħԷ٣Ѫ⾡Ϊһ껯𣬹׹
ڼ̳ǰгһĹŹֵȻſ˫ۣܵħ񰡣ҵѪǣҶħױŷĳ٣ƽٴ
֮ȻǰѰ׹ذףݺݴԼֱϣһѪ档
棬ԭ޹ӺȻһ㣬ͨͨġ
룬֮Ѫ⣬Ϊʳ֮ΪȨȡ֮Ϊū̳͡ϺȻһںɫĻһҡҷӰûᷴӦڵĻ潫ȫסˡ
ʹôһȫƤ̵ⷢȻתͷӣ˻صϴ㲻˵ֻʮͿҶΪʲôҪ
ߣҪôףһõô󹦷򣿰׳գӺȻЦһؿᱻɺɫӿذס
֪˵ֻʹʱ쳣زҽɻ޿ײļ֮Уʼһ
֮ǰڷԺ¿ٵȦбᣬѭѭյظֿԱҶİ취ʱѾзϵ˼㣬ѾΧĥļ־ᣬû˿ǣʹӦӵİ֮£ʩչɵķ
ħһɽԱһɽ֪֮Ŷ˶ٴΣҲǽĥɵӡ
ǣȻħԪˣħһȴʼԱһصħһ壬ƽŵ֪ħһһֱŷħ񣬶صħҲΨһػ顣
ħһ꣬Ȼкܶħһķ䵽ţȴ֪Ҷ书ǿǽթڷԺڵַֻܼܹ׽
ֻֽ֮ҪУҵᡣ
ɫĻҵȼת֮䣬ѾһŻҽ
ӻߵովĵطЦýż߻ҽ
ҶҶСӾȻҴɴ⣡Ҫ֮أһĨݵЦ⡣

Χ۷һĻҶϢףʱػƷ˲˻ط磬Ļ澡񵲣Ȼӻ˼ȭЩ֮Ұػ澡ƿ
ڰǸм䰺ķ·ҪǮһ㣬ˮһ㳯ҶϮֱҶǱ
ģ˻Ҷһȣ̧ҵһһɴִ֮С
ת˰֮ɴִ֮£ΧĻ׷ױ˹ȻҶ˫ʮָӣһϱ
꣡
ͬѹһ㡣
Щͬеһ㣬˿
Ҷ̧ƵĹУкȻһ˽ǵĺȻҶʶ֮С
ҶвȻŭ۾䣬޷Զ졣
ͥԺ֮пռȻһĲľϪˮһѾ̣
˭ҳҶһȡ
һһرȣһ̤Ӷ
̤Ŵʯ巢ꡱΧַ·гܲѹһ㣬͵طˡһˢˢطֿһͨ
¶һŮΣѩĵС׷·𶳽һ㣬ŴֱͣؿҶСϻһŷ䡣
Ҷһ̤͵绢ɱһ㣬һɲǼ͸ϵСǰˡ
ۡСһƨڵϣתۼ͹˰ӡ
ѾͷҶСкȻûɵһаʱһݣûؿޣ漴ӻȡһҺֻڣֻ´˿Ѿˣ´βҪôˡ
ȸңôģС̾Ϳ޲ˣڵһѰסĸ첲һ˫ڰ׷Ĵ۾գҲգؿ
ʲôôģҶСסʱظеͷһаˣоЩ
СѾͷ˼ɵسסֱۣ˦˼¾Ȼ˦СѾͷ
ոգһƳҷĻΪʲôͻը˿أСС̧һֻװ۵С֣һƵĶ
Ҷûؿһۣȭ⣬㶮
С
ҾͲˡҶһ壬漴СѾͷոҪղһ㣬Ҫˣ
ۡС˵޾Ϳޣٴ۴۸۸ңһȥߵƽ̲һҪݺݳͷ㡭ۡ
ƽ̲
ҿҶһʱһͷٲ亹
ԼСŮȻǸĴٸǾǿɾ鷳ˡ
ôĵӣȻ۸СкȻһɷŭ
İӰһ㣬ȻԱ߷˹ŭҶ
Ůļʤѩü续ݣ֮ɴҲǺѷɫ
ҶȻоͷһȣȻѹҲѹȥ


074 ħ
Ҷͷ󺹣оһħӰ٣ǰСѾͷͷ綷
Ϊ곤İŮݱ䣬֮кȻһɵɫĺʵո۸ã
ۡСԼɽˣ̿޵
ҶתսǿѹͻĿҸоȻһ뵽һİ취
λС㣬СˣС׶ʥ飬񷨣⵨ҶǣûŮʣֱֱͦˣ󷽷عһ׼񣬳˸
ŮӶʱͣصɴ۾û뵽ҶȻĳôһٵŮ΢΢һ£ƺЦ
û۸ãΪ׵Ůӳɵؿ漴ֿ˿Աװ޵СŮ
ҶɫصĪ˵λϵİŮһѰӣҲ򲻸Խ׳һԻӣŮܲףԴСŮǾΪҲ
Ҷһһһٵصڱտھ֮ҲصѵľһظӶѣ̾ǹ˻ɵͷ
꣡ŮԻʫƵص̲סˣ̲סСӿֱЦԭɵɫ̾ڻˡ
һʽظôҲᱻ뵽֮Ĵʻ㡣
㰡ѾͷΪҲ֪λ˲ǣԱǸٵŮӽЦס˾ССŮЦѵҲǻã˭ûǣ
ߣСŮװҲ޲ȥˣֻĹĵطֻС֣۵һˮҲûС
ݺݵŽƻҶС첻˵ˡ
ǰŮվЦӯӯϸŰҶĳһſԻտԻģȤôôӣ㰡϶ǵƤˣӸˡ
˵꣬ǵǸСŮ
ҶְλȻڣɲӣɶʥ飬ķżȻ˵ģͶУҶԺĵӣˡ
ŶԭҶٵŮĿֱЦӿľľģʵȴǲ
֣˵㻹洭ˣҽжţӶ羡ŮӿһģʵںܺЦ֣һҪչСڣ㻹Աɡ
ˣҽŶλС㣬Сˡ
Ҷһ亹תͷˡ

ҶӲؾ󷵻֮һ·ֱƽǳˮ֮Уϥ֮Ȼеһᡣ
ʱҶȴӿһŨŨƣۣƣȴһ֮㣬Ѹɢȫ
һʱʧǧͷĻ׷ӿͷ
һǱҶһ·ӱ׷ɱ֮Ҫʨһ·;û˿ͣЪ
ǸĺӣҲЩֲ֧סˡ
ħ񵯻ɣѹԽ󣬷ǿ
Ҷ׹ʥ͵伮ܶףҲһ˶ͨö࣬ѰħִӰľ
˵ݵĴǺ¡
ԼҪ࿴Щ伮һħˡҶüģЦһ
ħͬϵ˺һγ֮󣬼Ҳ
Ҷ֮һֱز©ΪҶҲעҶȻһֱûж书ѧȴһֱվȨ۷塣
Ծƽ鲢谭֮ħúͻȻҶĿһһսⶸȻɣ̾ѹĴħ
һоǳ֣ħӰΣһ쳣ҵϢڵΪƽŮҲĿбӣҵġ
˼һ£漴ʹʶ֮еԽ֮Уϸ̽һ¡
ԽϵԼͼϣȻһѪɫĹⲨ
Ҷλףʦ˽ף״̬С
ҾȻˣҶһݣɿҵƻԼڵѾʼ
ƣѹиҶɫ죬ҵ˳ѹԼ΢΢һ
Ҷû˵̴ԼԽռ֮УװԼװˡ
ͷٿȻһ֮£Լذ
Ҷʶڶ֮󣬿ʼתʶһһؿʼ
ϿʼһһѭŲңȫڵתš
ҶʶȻԽϰȫ磬ִԼеλõʱһŰɫɢԼѾȾ˿˿죬Ѿһ쳣ҵϢ
ɴſ񱩡ѪҵϢ·һ㣬ظԼ;֮䣬ӰԼľҲӰԼ
䣬ɿҵϢƺҲڷʩԼҪȥĳ顣
ҲǸʲô뿪ҵ壬͸飡⣡ƣҶһʶ֮жȻһ㾫⣬תۼͻһ޴ޱ߱ҵ⾳ݺźϡ
ǰⶼⷢŵģҶǵһڳ
һµӦҶȫȻоëһըȴȻһ£·𱻺ݺݴʹһ㡣
Ҷһʶ֮һɾ޴ţɺ硣
ź·Ҳŭһ㣬Ȼһž޴ħӣֽ˳žֱϡ
ҵ壡Ҷһʶ֮нӶ񱩵سź


075 
һɹɰɫ·𱻼ŭˣʹǵصĳҶͷλӿ˹ȥ
Ҷü֮нһ㰵ɫ綾߽ɱһ㣬̾ü֮С
ʱ˿̣ɰסҶȴϲ
ȭȻҪǿõʼջ졣ɺŭˣֱӹʶյ֮ơ
̣Ҷ˫ֺϱת͵һȡ
ʶ֮жȻӿһشһƺư׵ӿ˹һ½ɰɫסˣڰ׶Բת
Ѿס˵İȴȻʼЩģƺҪڻһ㡣
ڰ׶ʼŰ֮Уһһεؿʼĥһرĥ
Ҷоϵֶʼˣȴѵ
ԭˣɺǣɺȴҶɽѪɫţһ
ٺЦһһ֮£̵ȭתת֮䣬ϵĺѾͬĥ˿ֻʣһź
ͬʱ֮кȻһߣҶȻоһӿһɺצӿ
Ҷʱһ
ԼΪԲϾΪѾٽӽѰķ紵ݶֽ֮ǰԤУܹҵӦĻ˱֮
һεħȴͻûС
ѰȻ֮ķë
˼ɿɨԼĸŸ伮ˡ
ȻѰħ£ôֻһǾǴ˵еµ䡣
񾩾ŷϹʾ׳ֵģɽħһһλȴô˼ɡ
ҶȻ֪λ֣㱻䣬һССʦҲʮֵˡ
б任ĺȻ΢΢ͣһ£һĮ߰ʶУҾͷħһŷ飬Ĵ񡣡
ܷ˵𹩷Ǹ߸ϵģƶ˸ģҶȴԵλ齾еļɵ벻㣬Ҳûϡ
ԶԶûа취ͳ񾩾ݵϹȡ
ԭֻĴ˵㡣ҶЦΪܹѹƵסôҲһ֮ѣ
֮кȻһĮ߰صҪһ˼Ҫѹ㣬ֻû赲ҵλ׾СȲͳ쳯ݵϹʣҲ춼ûͻƵķ赲ģѵ֪֮ϣɴ
ҶϵĵϵҶصҶд˴컯һң»
ŰʱĬٿʼԼˡ
ңҶƵصΪɼҲд˵ˣҲԼ鷳ǽһһѪ׼ŴӦ˳֡
Ҷص׼ô죿
źںõӰȻصȻֻһ飬µŵԣһƷҲˣˣһ䣬ͿԼ컯ˡ
Ȼһɢ֮£֮еĺɫѸɢȥˣҶǰʱһƬѪ죬ԼһɲǼ˰ٱ
ҶľڸոյĶ֮˴룬һҲƲסĵĿˡ
֮䣬ҶǰȻһɫӰ
ɴɫҶûпǰӰϤϢȴϲشһ
ʲôŹ棬ʲô£ʲôͳͳ
ֻ֪Ұˣֻ֪Ҳˣ
Ҫõ㣡
ɫӰҶɫһӶʱתҪܿȴߵҶ˲Ϣ嵽ǰ
㡭ҪʲôɫӰ⧲Ҷ˲Ϣ͸ϵס֫л֮ܿ
ÿɴзƴŭ
ƫáҶһ˫۾Ѫ죬ؿϵƣ͵§סϸ֫ȵ촽ȵķʽͣȡ㴽صȥ
ɴ˼¸оһװҶĴתۼͱ˺Ƭ¶塣
ҪôɱңҪôҶɫ۾
Ҷһ˫ȵĴѸٽӴ֮ɴȻһȫ
һ㣬ҵزݣںĴཻ֮С
ҶһʱȴеãȻħŮĽ֮£Ҳɢȥˡ
߳
ɴɵĲݵϣ̵һ磬ͷ˿ɢΧ񾫴ɰĽһ£طڵϣţĵϴų¶죬üԭĸѾĥȥˡ
ʱһ䱥˿ݲйĻһ㣬ȴִһִ绯󣬴Ų
ɴ֪޻Ц
һԿ϶оû˿ʹࡣ
صĶʮ壬ôֺìܵˣ˵һʲôζǸոֱƶ˵ȷʵȴһУȫȫҶҲ˶ʮԭԺˡ
ҶԶ˶ѹ


076 ˫
ǸϣħЩʧأǲǡֱ̫ˡҶ֧¶׳ɫ⣬ֳͼ⣬޾Уɴһѣ
Ҳֱ֪ˣɴüͷҪװȻģ
װˣɴװúܲ񡣡ҶȻһͦؾͽҶˣĸо̼ɴһʲôĮ˲׵ȥˡ
㱼䣬ٴαҶѹ¡
һΣҶ÷ǳϸ£ͬϸһ㡣
ɴر۾ſ飬ϸϸִδĸо
Ъ֮ɴҶĻ·
쵰ɴ޺޵ؿһۣû˵ʲô
ҶΪųᱧסļͷұˣ޳ˣˣôѽΨһȥӱܣɴҲҪӱˣϲҵġ
ɴĬҶ˹ֻһ£ûоܾ
ĿԣϿ²֪˶ٴˡҶԱҵ·֮Уһµذס
Ҿûذףɴ书ҶûзҪɱʵ練ơ
ı㺦ˡɴȻˮ𣿡
ڡɴȻʧأȻֱˣȴϲҶḧͷ૵ص˴˼䶼ϲŶԷȴӱܣ֪ĽᣬҲһֱźܴĵȴţȴĽ򿪣׽ңҴûַʽҲãճɾ
ɴ̾һһۣ㺦ˡ
ҶĽ̬صʵڲ㣬ҪǻƳǵĿջסϼ죿
ɴݺšһѣŭصһλ㻹ҪݼΣͲ¡ԼУ
ɴȻҪݾԷݸԼѹõħҵͷųѾ̫ˣѾħһһ۲УҪȻΪʲô֮л˫޵ҶֿʼƻˣЦصֻǲܸӳ׵Ľ
ɴ룬΢΢κ죬漴ҧ´ðɣǾͻƳǿջȥܲ㡣
Ҷϲ漴һԾ˴Ҵææش·һ·ɽСƳȥ
ҹעһҹ

ȻϣҶŹΪŹɭϣȴݽԣ෴Ƚɣɴ׾ֻ֮³ġ
Ů֮£ûеظŰǽɴĳȴǸŰ̫ţֽɴΪỵԼУԲһֱ֮Ϊˮޡ
ھҶĿָ֮£ɴ罥֮£Ҳ˹
Ľһ⣬మԴҲûʲô˼ˡ
¥һƫƧСԺ֮УҶԺһһᷭš
һֻǰĺС¯һչ֮ɢŨŨ˱Ƕ
ɴڹƫᣬҶȻᲢã̫꣬ԼԭҲƫա

ڿջе⼸˷ſһػ˫ޣȱ֮£ͻ˾磬ҶҲޱԼݳھʮʽڸ
ҶѾͻʦھŲˣڵʼˮһ㡣
ڵһ֮󣬾ǴѨϣͻ쾳ˡ
ͻ쾳һҪĹؿҪԼڵһΪѨ֮󣬲ܹȡؾ¾ҲɢڵԱҪ繯磬ĻѨһй˾ͻᾫݽ߶
Ҷɰ˽ɴױ磬˱ȻҶ۾ֱˡ
ʲôڻױ̨ͷɴԵݹˣΣһ죬ݺݰԱ͵Ҷһۡ
Ҹ㰾ҩšҶƤش˹ҩ˵ǰԼĻУѾˣʲôúߵģ
ζܲɴСŮ㻶ϲǳһڣͷ͵㻹ӡ
ѾܾûôˡҶǰľȻ̾ϢһˣʲôĵûУ
ģھʮʽѾͻ㾳磬ʦھŲһؿڣʼնͻưɴţӣüǰҪôڹҪô⹦ǣֶģû뵽Ȼݳеܣƫ·;
ȻЩֻһζޣ̺ĵ̬ȻǰΪа崸Ѿ˼ޣ̬Ͳˣ͵ţǼ֮УҪͨ飬ͻؾ硣Ҷɫ࣬ظָһ£ͻƴʦ쾳һؼʱ̣ͨˣһϰƳ
ǿĵˣǿԼܣħʱȻ£ȴԺͻرܣԣ͵ÿĵͨƳ
ˡɴ˼֮УҼǵϴƽ̣ڳɾھ֮󣬾һֱʫʸ踳֮˶ΪѾӴи˼ȡˣǺλʦھ㵢˶ʮ꣬ȴǺȻһͻعؿڣ漴ͳɾʥ֮ôһ˵ҵоλʦڡ
ŶҶ۾ʱʵλʦƽ¼֪ô
ɴͷҹһϣ͹


077 ı
Ƴ⣬ԶһСɽϣһڵڷ嶥ʯ˫ԶƳС
ϴݺҶǸһ
أѾһѪ˿
ߺȻȻһӯعڵˡ
ݼ
ӻ³һѾ𣿡
ѾˣɴʦѾҶѾãƳǺ¥
˫ĿȻ𣬽յƹǽڷһر죬ָ׺ݺݴԼ֮УѪ˳Ʒڽ½һһ使ʢʻ
ӺȻ۾صˣȥһѻ¥
һ漴򲻿ɣ
˸żҵɱ⣬ҧгݵصѵô
ӵ֪¥ԭɴĲҵǺȴҶ¾ӪһרŶ۸ཱུħķĹĶ֮£ĴԺƵķȫӴ˳ۣĲˣֻ»ڵӵŭ㣿
һͣ޳Ľü
ҲֻǸп̰ķС˶ѣɴ۹Ҳ̫˰ɣ
ãų³һ
ôĲƽ׷꣬㶼ûңҶֻһ꣬صİ
ɴɴһʲôˣŻ˵ĳأһĨ֮ɫ˵ͷҲգ֮ҲˣȻˣҳ׿㿴ϵλӣǸʲô˰ɣ

תۼţֵˡ
֮ĴԺĵӶѾˣһԵþޱȡ
ἰͳü̻̲ģͬǣЩһȻ˷֮ɫһԾԾԵģ
Χһ˽̸Ϊ˷ܡ
ιʦ֣óƽħ壬ƳǵԱҪֻϲΣһףլа
ԱһӲмصУΪʵϼһ촵׬ǮӻϲƣټֻɽΣҾ͸
ߵһٺ٣Ҫ˵ƽħ壬ʦһʦ֣пҲֵָָܡ
ӿԱһӣص٣Ҫ˵õģԺʦ֣Ƶǻǿһʦÿææרɳ޵ʦֵܣɱɽ
Ӷʱ¶ֵɫƵؿһۡ
Ҳô˵ר
ʱҶٳĲ·ĴԺڵĵǺ׬һʣֽʶ̼ңл˸ָҩĸĲϣԼ֮£ٷ޺޵ĵӶѾͻ˾磬ɾʦʦ
ĴԺе޵˶ҶмޱȣҶ˰Щ޵ӿٲ·ͬʱҲûЩ޵ӣרŴЩϢ̼ͨҿе֪һЩʢ֮أ֪Щ޵ӣвɼȻ󽻸޵Ӽศ֮¡
֮λáλվżλϾӸ¡
Ϊ׵ļλ̬ؿڳеĵӣ΢΢ص˵ͷ
һͬΪ׵ĳ̧Ƥڵɸϣ֯ɽ֮УԺڵִ£ееľӢ˫ȫԽҪѡһɡ
һ˫Ϭ񻺻ɨˣζؿڶӵеҶһۡ
Ҷжʱһ£ֱѾеˣһ񲢲򵥣ƺ˴εרԼһжһ㡣
ΣҪ׼ȥϼɽһȺħ壬Ⱥħ׺ǳʮֵѲҪλӢӡϴгһγ¡⣡ӷ硢Ҷ
Ӧ˳Ҷ֮Ҳֻվ˳⼸վһ
ǶǱеľӢӣսԴ˴βǰȥϣܹԲĪҪ׹˱ɵͷʲôûУ
Ҷ漴ǰ̤һسϵĻ׻˵úãͷУ˴жǷҪָһأ
죿϶ʱһ㶣һۣ漴΢΢ЦãǵУöγ¡һְγ¡
ڣһݳӣ˳кηԸ
Ϻȵ˵Ϊ߲㵣һְλҪΪȫ˵İȫǳ״׵壬ģ⡭
۾ɨӹڳļӣرҶͣһ£صǼҲҪӶγ¡쵼ȿף
γ¡ȵҷģ¡һ
ת۾ϸɨӹڳˣص˴֮УλЭͬ񣬰ˣ
ԸӶֵĲǲǣԱߵļһȵ
γ¡ؿŲҶصҶ֣ô
ҶһصԸӶֵĲǲǡ
γ¡۾ɨӹҶʱԵطһĨɫҶʱһ
˵ӵΪɶôƣ


078 
ħס֮أ᫿ʯᾣΧдеľ
һʮһǳһŵǰȥˡ
һ˵У϶Ǹ߽ʦ͸߽ʦΪΪߵĶγ¡ѾʦΪԪȻܹϹС
ڴ˵صĵƱȽϵݣټϲľܼʹô˵صϿһĲľ
Щ޵ӵҲˣڵת֮£ΧĲľԶͱˡ
һɫӰӾĵشϴȻһ̽쬵쬵һ³ĲӲ˹ȥ
Ǹ޵һӷ·һһҡܿһȻһָ̽ǯסɫ٣Ȼҵһ
ɫĴٱһ֮£ȫһһƬ֭Ȼôص˵ˡ
ԱһŻ۵ĵӴ˹ָһһɻ˳Ŵ˹ȥתۼͽճ˻ҽ
ͬʱԱһֻɫտֲȻתһģһ£һƬĺڵŷƿϮ
ߣҶƬǰ˫Ұףﶯǲ˻ط˹ȥӭĶɲ˻һһ׷״˻ȥ
֮з˻
ħԭʼȻ壬еʦ˵յ壬һСľ߽ʦҲϵ
γ¡ȻʵҶ˵ԺĵӲԹЩħ𣿡
ҶЦӵĺˡ
ħ޺ͺʹħȫ¡Ҷ赭дص
Ҷֺαǫγ¡ٺЦҶЩˣ
۾飬ҶĳʵҵҶǫѷصҶĳŲһѣλʦֵͷ磬ְܵ񣿡
ǾҶֳ䵱һ¼ǰһΣǳ¡һЦʵ⻰˵ģЩʦֿûħ⮵ս
Ҷ۾Ŷγ¡Σ΢΢˵ͷǺðɣҾȥһܵõȷеϢһٸ֪λ
˵̧꣬һﶯһīɫĽڶ
⣬ڳ˵۹ⶼޱȳҵǶγ¡иǴ̰֮ɫ
γ¡ЦһǺǣҶ֣۲ưУ
ҶһЦīɫĽⶸȻųǧ⻪ī̹ϣһɫī̵ףԵϸµٻƣԵþޱȡ
ȻǼڳ˶γ¡̰Ĵָ
ҶŲһһݣƮƮس֮з˹ȥֻ̧ӶŽ⽫ǰһ·о˱һ޲ð̻۹⣬һЦ
ҪϹˡ
ոһ˶ҪǰȥھҪҲˡ
ҶǰȥӰ¶׷Īɫ
ԱֲֳָİԶҶīɫ糤ߵĽ⣬ԾͷڳסˣʵϴҪҪݳԪȥһ£
γ¡̧ͷɽϷ겻ɢƣҡͷɣ̫ˣݳԪȻᱻԪԺزԻǲҪˣģħһսǿʮ־ҶҪǴȥȺħ˺˲Ź֣ǾȺžˣȺħƴ˸ܾˣٺٺ١
γ¡ҡȣٺЦǵʱڿһζƵҶͷϣʱܲٺ٣ǾȨɽˮˡ
ϴӢԱߵļһͬʱЦƨ
ԱǸʵܲסЩһʼα漴ʵϴҶǿɽô䣿
Աһס˺һգգ
⻹ôǳ¡ɱһʮ˴˸飬漴ĵؿڵȲҪ϶أһǸȥսʱ򣬳û˱ˣҶжȡǿڽȥ˵ħɽկеõģȫɹ׶ȷֵΣ
ãԱһ𸽺
ȶγ¡˾Ȼ׷׶ԭʼ̸˵
ҶǱڹľݴ֮УҶŲԶȺħ岿䣬ƤɵĴ˸ֲ֪ϣһ˱ԳħԵüײȴִŨŨԭʼҰԵС
һƬʯ̯Χƣô׳ΧһȦ沼˵Ͱķӣկǰô׳ĹγȻܩ¥
İݾͯææµµвٰݾԳħڷŴֲڵʯ壬ϰ
ΧļԳħڱϴŴ͸ٱ֯·ҴŷɸһѩĶìбذס


079 յ
ħҪһ幹ʮֵĸӻңķΪħħħȲ䣬ߵȵħū۵͵ȵħЩȫŷӦΪͼڣԳħС첻㣬˱ǿħϳģƬ档
СݵԳħһƬƸӵ֮ȴˮһ㣬ԳħΪӦ︴ӵĻħ⮵ģѧ˸ʽ书ټԳħһǿһʦǶ֡
ЩԳħ䣬ֱ֮Ϊħ
ħһȻγɵģĻĲ֮ȻΪ֮γɵģҶ񾩳֮˵ħһħһԭëѪδټһӣһɽ룬һֱ˿
ǺͷĴΪųΪܹڵħڵ׼ƣرץһЩ׵ħˣȻ˽ڸּѧ书ͼ򵥵ũľұ֮༼ܣȻٴη˻ȥʹħһ彥ëѪ˲䣬γԭʼĴʽĸ䣬Ҳ˼ªķɡ
̹׵˵˾Ȼд⣬ڵλõĴ۸ӣʵЧȴǺܲڴֻǽѢ֮ѣϾʵ̫ԶħҲֻ࣬ǿ˱İա
ʵ֪Ե֮Ȼŭʱ´ʮ߳ǣȽ˵ۺţӴ˸ĳΪħҲղЩɣӴ伣
ħһ彥ħһ忪ʼɧȻһ޴ɽħ޷γɴԵأɵӰȴǼӣĴϵİռʮҾſգ漴䲼һƬȫţԿ֮ãԴ֮ٷ֮һš
Դˣȴ֮ãΪֱ߾Щħ󣬶ҵƼ临ӣӴľӸãͽ׵ĵҲ׵ΪΪµĥ书ãټĸֿԴ쳣ķḻܹΪɣһھʹӦ
ĵӣҲһǿЧھǰıȡҪôתгΪʦ˲۲۵˫Ӯ
ԴòƳȻ޵ɻǾһӰ
ҶŲӣؿƬïܵУÿһҪСĽ
ʱ˿̣ʯɽկ֮⣬ħڱ⡣
ħȻҰ壬ҲȻ壬Ȼ춯Ϊõڱ
ݴеһĨƥصݵħڱҶһʺҡҡλεص
һħڱ麷£໵عֽһеĶ̸ХسҶͶ˹ȥһѩذУವһ³˹ȥذ׿Ҷ
Ҷֻ˸ԲϢץס˸У̧һָʳжֱָ罣һһȭⲪȻ
ħڱʶ޴·𿴵ʲôֲĶһ㣬ʱһعֽһԭزˣеıǹڵء
Ƭ֮ħӪ֮жʱ
ڱʬħ϶ʱ׷ŭˣ໽Ŵеʿǳ˳ȥ
֮ҶʩչǰУһȺħ߷Ƶسɱ˹
£Ҷ˫һ£ϺȻɳһŴɫĹⲨ·˳
ΧľȻûһƤը֮£ͬʱһ˫˫ɫ۾
Щ׳ľȻһÿ
ɢΧʮȻΧ˹ֱ۴ϸչ˿ЩϺȻðһѿߣһԼĪĴָϸٺʹ룬ٴδ˳Ѹپύ֯ѸٽһյĴеԳħ˸档
ţʮνССִð˳趯ȥȺħ߶񶷳һţЩСȻսܲʼͣǼóƣһ֮£͹סʮħߣ޷
Χ޴ȴѸѾһ޴ƥħ棬Сľںħ߾
ٺ٣ǾŰɣ
ҶٺЦתͳħӪ֮˹ȥ
ֻҪħļ̳Сħ峤ôʣĴħ̾ͻķѣɴ˴ε
һ䣬һҪȫĨɱֻҪ䲻ٹвսĿľѾﵽˡ
ʯկĵУһСƬɨĿյأɳӡ
ڿյصм䣬һ˵ͷǺͺʯɵļ̳
һϵħʦ߰˸ħվڼ̳
ԴħʦҶһʱʱס
ħʦһ˫ɺ۾ҶȻ췢һֽУְ̧γһ̵ڣԼֱϡ
һɺѪҵɢ˿˲串Χʮħߡ


080 Ⱥħ
Щħ߶ʱѪ죬ϢŨȫĽҲ͹
ҶһĶͷ
ԣʵ£Ҷڵ书ΪټϵĸЩߣʦҲ£ЩʦķҲвľһǾ·һ
ħߺħʦߵĽϣȴͷʹϡ
ħ˹ɺ۾ݺݵصҶ
ԣսѾʼ졣
ҶһսеĳӴսȻ
ɱҶյ֣һ֮£磬ȻͷӲȺսħߡ
·ʤ
ˣӭҶģһţħߡ
ħħȴһߣ˫ȭϴһ޴ȭסʵֱӵȭشıȴһʵĶһ㣬˫ȭȻӲײҶһ
һҶеĳѾ񿪣׹
ֱ۽ȻǣᵶһƣȻһɳѾ10ı徢Ȼ
ħϱȭǾɣǱȲҶս𵶣һ֮£ĽʱѪɽȭױһ˸䣬¶ɭɭ׹ǡ
ħѾŵ˳ȥ
˲ɱɽҶٽǰͷһ֮£ҵײϡ
ħ߷·𱻷ţײһ㣬ѪҶһһħߵԴѾ
һնħ֮漴͵سǰ˹ȥǸʦӵȥ
ʦʵвȻ̫ͨͷǾͨĸ䷨͸ͷȴҶĹһħߵʵ
˳£սȻǲԶˡ
żٳҶǸ˰ѻƵħʦкȻһĨթζ
Ҷкһɾ֮⣬µȻɳһ˫ŷצצӣؼݺݵץǡ
Ҷ̾һ֪ɱħʦˣҲܣ漴һתѸӵ֮£͵Ϯħ߱Ҷһꡣ
һΪڵľ۸͵Ϯߵֱ۲ĵҳľ͵Ϯ߱һɱͬʱҲһ׿ˡ
ɱҶһ磬ȫչնѤõĵ磬ľ졣
ʣħ߶񶷳һš
նҶҵҶģֵսɱĵڵڼ򵥣񾩳ǵĺܶ߶ֵܿΪз򵥵ĵ㲻нƷҲн׶Ʒѡ
ҶĿ뷨ˣɵB
ն֮λƷսǿ󣬹ؼǵ⣬ҵʩչʱΧĶֵľ񶼻ᱻ壬ֵȫκη
仯ΣһһԿ򷨣
ҶҲںǷܹˣ˲ɱ塢־׵ϣȫʤһս
Ҷĵʩչ֮󣬵ߵһһ㣬֮Щħ߱㣬ĵԺ
ۣһħߴֲ֮£Ҷһж˫ⳤֱ룬ݺߣһϻ֮߹ǻһѪԼˡ
ԱߵʦȴȻӶеĹȣһƬɺɫԱ߼ʬϷ˹һѪħߵϣתۼ䣬ħߵ˿һ㽺״ѪȻȬˣ
Ѫħ׼Ҷʱһ̾ϳѪħĶеĻָԷ
ħսôһӳ֮£໵һֽУеĴͷҶ˹
Ȼȶпʼдħһ֮£ΧļʬȻ׷׷˱һƬɺٲ˹һͷͷѪɫڿɣ˸¸µЦͷҶ˹
ѪħѪħɻ
ĵҲǰױҶ΢΢һһ˫Ƚ߳˼ǲ˻ط磬Χħ߱˿
ȻȻͬһͷͻͻȻ𣬺Ȼյֱ֣ۼ֮£һ
Ѿ8ľˣȻһɲǣġ⡢˲ȻͨкȻһֺƴޱȵ⾳
һ֣⣬ɲǼ䣬رɫƼʻᣬ¡¡뷢
飡з⼸ͷѪɫ÷·һεһ㣬ֻһ죬⼸ֻײƥѪħðһȻըɢѪ
һ˫ӶҪ˳ɵǺǵؿҶ֣ţٴֻ̧ζһ¹ȣһŶɫȻ˹Ȼڿһ֮£תۼͻһ͵Ļ硣
ৣҶһ֮£ǰڿлһߣǰһٴη
꣡ŻٴαһɢըѳĻǡ
ϧķݶҶֻһȭ߳һ̾ͽɢ˿
𣡡ħʦȻչֽŭһ㡣
һ͵˫һ֣ϵۣ¶˾
ֻϳһһͷߵͷϾȻ֧ǡ


081 ֮
ħһ󲿷ֶԴħڵľħͨӶչħһ޶ħʦͨһżػڣǲɼǿ޵ȫѪطƵԼϣʹԼľѪϣؼʱܹӵֲ˼ͨ
ŷкܶĽɣвȫʧ򵱳ѪҶ
ħʦһͷϹĺҵһͷͷմȾʮֵħʦץȥ֮ո乵ͨڹؼʱطͷߵľѪԪȡ˳ȻԼϣγػ顣
񣡡ħʦһϵִһĳ߻ƣȻ͵طɳֿ˴죬³ɺɫоӣе
ΧȻ˳ˮ㻩ԱߵĲݴ֮кȻ߳ư쵵Ķߣһ߳ɢ˳
ܹٿضߣͷ֮ͨһͷ鱻ȡʱ϶ģЩȻܹޣȴܹٿ߳滹ǿԵġ
ɫ͵һڣҶſҧ˹һȶϢ
ȣҶŲ֮£ⱬһٴηһ⣬һ
һͷ鱻һ֮£ʱڿȻûбɢ
ͷӰֻһžѣѰĵ˺ģҶȭȴǡ
Ҷȿ֮鲻ûɢһԣһ׳˻֮£쬵һ±˹ֿѪھҧ
Ҷһȣָּ̧
ͷʱסˣҶ漴ּ̧֮£һȵ˱ӿһнסͷ顣
ৣҶת֣һʮĵնɱͷϣһɲǼ䣬ͽгʮΡ
ʦͨ鱻ƵɲǣʦҲزҺ֮͵Ѫ˿
ȥҶһӣ缲һӶֻ͵һ죬ħʦͷ­Ѿնڵء
׼صһɲǣ۾ȻˣŭҶһɭɭȻҶϮ˹
׳գҶ£һˣҶЦһ̧һָԵ
һը죬ħʦ귢һֽУʱһը˿
Ҷ磬͵سԳħӪ֮У˼̳֮С
ֻ̳ȫû˹Ǵɵģ۵İ׹沼˰쵵ѪҶͷŭ
ڼ̳ߵλôȴڷһֻһߴС͸ˮͷǣͷ״ȴף֮׵Ĺ⻪һһغһɢ˿
Դӱħ֮󣬾ͱħʦΪʥһֱڷ˷ħһĤݡ
ҲΪǣŵħ˵Ĺģܹͳİ˷ħ
Ҷȥ̧סǡ
һĸоѸֱ۳ڡ
Ҷʱһͬһ
ոһӴֻˮͷǵɲǣȻоһɴظоǧĿͬƳһڡ
ֻˮͷͷǣֱЩ֪˸֮ã渽ȵ
Ҷҧֱֽ̧ϵѨؽס˾磬صסɿȵʴֳ̧һ·ֻˮǸסˣתͳһ·񱼶
Ҷһ·֮£תۼͱܳҵһŲһ·ϣȶʼɢԼϵ
ʱ˿ֱֻ̣沼ϸСĸ񣬲ͣ䶯ţͬĳڹĶţƺҪһ㡣
ȭ⣡Ҷ˵ĴĶһ֮еںȻ̺һ˿ңԼȭ⻹ǲҶЦһ
ֻԼұλãϸСĽɫţ·һѽɫһԼ֮лߣԼұλõĴľ棬ȴһݣȻǱҶѹסˡ
ЩɫĹ㲻˵Щħ˳¼ݵĲ
ḥ̂
Ҷȶ˫ֳֻΣһӡĿ
Ȼĥ̫ķ񣬵Ǵʱ˿̣ҶҲûиѡˡ


082 ĥ
Ҷȶ˫ƽ˸Բ֮ΣһӡĿ
һĽǽʶ֮ʶжȻһ䣬漴ͻ˺ڰе磬һһ£һһĥ̳ˣڱһ㣬ЩǾסˣȻʼת
һεգԶԶʤϴĴµ䡣
ĴȻӰΣӵдͨϾǶмɵûº֣͸ҶһЩ֮ȴԶԶͬˡ
Щ֮ÿһ㶼̺˿ȵһȺһ㣬˴ׯ֮Уչ˷ƻӡ
Ҷͨȭ⣬ֻѾ֮Լ֮Уһѵķӡ
̵ĺƴȭһЩ߻õĽǣĥ̰ȭݺݹסĥ̿ʼתһһεĥ
תۼ䣬Щ߻ãֵĽɫСʱô
ʱƣЩ벻ĽɫС㣬ģ
ڣЩɫСĥ̲ͣĥתȭ֮£ѹĥһƬޡ
Ҷ֮еʼұɫɱ任ѹեȭ𽥱ģ
ڣֱֻ֮бһƬĵޡ
Ҷ˷·ˮϴһ㣬ȫʪ͸ˣվ³һͷϺˮ
ֻˮǲ֪˸˼ǧˣ̺֮ʵǿޱȣ˷ʤ
ոձǿҵ֮ˣʵޱȣκ书ƴҪնټȭܹ⣬ֻѾŪɾѵķˣ֮Ǹģõİ취ǽڵͷʼ
ǺڣڵҶѾȭ⣬ЩԸĿǡ
ţҶȻоüͣȫ±þӨ͸˼֣ΧĻʶ֮мֱɼˡ
֣оڵòҲ鶯˼֡
æʹӷϸ̽һʶʱһ
ֻԼʶ֮еԽ֮УԼľȻѾ420ڿԼļУȭѾ2
ǰԼװľҲֻ280㣬û뵽Ȼһӱôһأ
˸ոһСŵ֮Ķ񶷣Ҷ漴Ѿ˹жʱϲ
ϧ˷ϲˡҶҡҡͷ
̵ȭȻܹѹڻ֮ȴʵ̫ķѾˣڵ״ʵǷǳʵġ
Ȼռĥʱ
ʵĻƶˮɣٷʯѹɱȻõ飬ٻȥˮ֣ŵʯĥ֮һĥۡ
ǻƶһʼصĥ֮УȻҲܹĥ飬ȴ⵽ӲƶķҲĥ̵
Ҷ΢΢һǰֻͷ­ǣֻʵǷǳĶҪֵΣ̫ҪȴЩ᲻ˡ
ˣҵĵҪѵҪһôҶһԴشϲ
뵽̴ԼĿռ֮У¶ֻѾõĵ
һߵ̳һҶֵ˵ԣ˵
൤𶦣Ϻǧδ鱻Ƴɵγ˵飬ܹס
ҪƷǡ顣
ҶϲæһĵͳҶ漴ŹӣСؽǾͶ˵֮УֻһһܵһȼɫĻ֮УǾȻ˿
֮еĻ治֪жãǽڻһɫʣ֮С
ǵ£ȴ¶һֻӫӫĴ飬ԼһɫӰš
鱻ס֮󣬾Ȼû˿ڻ
꣡
֮еľȻڿչΣȻշһȫۼ׹Ƥʼһһεذ˶Դ棬عֻ״ɺһ˫ǽ˳Ҳ˼״͵
ţ֮һҵػһӾ͹ס뱯һ̾ͱɻȥ
ʢҲؿʼת״ԭķĵԲ״һĳУ֮ƮĻ棬Ҳ˽ɫ
൤ɹλΪƷΪ
𣡡֮к̽һ˶ޱȵͷһ˫ۣͭؿҶ
֪ôأҶֻ״ŹֵףȻоͷеš
ιһȻʶ֮С


083 үٻ
ÿˣҾУϵֻεͷǺȻζ
Ҷʱһɵʵǡ
һɫӰӺȻ׵ط˵һûҶĶͷϣʱ˸Ѫ档
ֻԼǰʯϣֻ߷ԲĽɫ¯ֻ¯ƮĽ֮Уվһȫۣӣһ˫ɫӣؿҶ
ոգҿɱˡؿҶ
ˣ˭ѵǡҶʹĶͷŵؿ
漴˸ոǡ
ϻ˼һ˭ûμ棬ҽһ£үٻͣǸոͷǣʲô֣
ǣ飿ҶأʹĶͷʵ
Ҷһ£˵ֻеܹ飬ѵڵֻƵȻһɣ
ϻƵõҽУҵòãٻͳŭˣһ֮£үȻһٰĵ
һξС޾꣬ұһ˿л棬˼ǧ֮ãѾܲĳոձһ֮£Ծ˸ҽΪ𵤶顣
ҶǰҶոţģæһ¹ӣһ
꣡¯֮ε쭳һľ磬һĻǣ泯
Ҷ⧲֮£ȷͷϣͷ˴롣
ޣСӱүǰүȻ֣үǰ̫һ壡үͻĺܣٻͶʱã
ҶԼҷͷжʱЦãϲϲװۣ
ε£һ±սͷЦذݵСܼͨޱߵ硣
⻹˻ٻˬЦȻһֻҶļ򣺡үٻ;ˣ˵ˣѾҵѪˣչҲүҵˣϧʵ̫
һҶʵٻһʱñ¿ƲҶˣɫе㲻̫ÿ
˵ʵʵ̫СˣһһСʦεţ쾳ûܹ
ʱȫ¾Ƿ˺ˡ
һ뵽ԭһߵٻͶʱеЩ
ҶεԹɫ֪֮˵ĲЦٻ֣ǿҵʵô
ٻε̾Ϣһүడ
ҶƵصҲ֪ҲûʸˣȻѾѪҲ֮Ե֣㲩ѧţͨͨҶĳǧѷʦѣҶĳǿȥֻܹҵڵˡ
١˻үΪѣһʱˡٻһԼóΪūͣһʦͷΣپһһЩ棬жʱһЩ
Ҷ߾ȹĲѸЧˣһͨƨͰٻʹūʦѵĸ߶ȣʱٻҸоá
ȻˣҲãҪľʵٻͲһۣеҿϹһ壬һӵǿΪϵľѧѾ书ߵˣͨСҪҽ㣬ǵ𾳽˵ɣ
˵꣬תͷ˵֮УѸ˰ƴСҶ֮С
𾳽磿
ҶЩйˡ
ʱ˿̣ɫ֮лڲָ
ͬʱ֮Ӱ㿣ɼѵĹâ˸ؿƬӵλá
Ҷɫ
Ⱥ˵ڻǰ಻סӣܹˡ
ϴһӡһŻѵӿڵ
ʲôӣǳ¡ȵص
ߵ֮ǰָֻǰĴӺ󣬿İСԳħˣǳ¡۾ֱȻѻҪصСӣΪеľһȴû뵽˹ЧӦǼױˣ
ڳ˵һͬһ̰
ٺ٣쵰ڰ಻ס̰ˡ
Զ֮еҶٺЦ
漴̧һָৣһ̵Ľⶸط˳ȥ⼸֮£Ѿػһˡ
¡¡һȺħսʿˮ㣬һԶƿĴȱ֮кһ³˳ǰʮֳֻѸһ֮ѾŭҵйĶˣʮͷԳħ໹ֽ֮£֮Ŀռ䣬һʱ䱻ķɸ쭵Ͷìˡ


084 Ϊ
ǰһֲ֮£Ǳ˷ıǹڵϣû˶֣űķɸһࡣ
ãγ¡һȻ˫֮һɱҵİ׹⣬̧һһǿҵ綸Լ֮ˡ
ҵ籬˳綸֮£һٽʮħսʿ˳ȥΧļһô˻ᣬѹסͷľ壬æӶʼԿ
ЩԳħսʿΰСȴ쳣׺ǳڴ֮棬ֵܹЧչ˳䲻Ĺ˷ʤ
Ȼסң
γ¡мֵָ츳ģ˼ķУҵغתۼʱͽΧĻľغƽһƬһƬյ֮źһս󣬶ԿЩĴħ
ٴ͸ղƣγ¡ȻӻȡһֻȻСƣһ٣̧һָ֮£ǰŵʦϺһ㵭ɫĹⲨħͶСʯ棬죬ĳ˲ٵĻ𻨡
ʦվǰŵλãӶ񵲣վں׳ַħ
Щħȴ֮ЩħǿСȴԶԶͶսޱȣܽһôڵءǴ˵ϣ֪ˣû˸ͷĴħԾ͵ȡģ˵ϵĶʯ֦һͷش˹
һ˵³ɾͲˣЩͷʯͷɾжҲʮֺģܵĻܵиЩħֱ֣ΪҲֻܿӲˡ
γ¡ɫʱüѿ͵һҧ֮£Աߵĳ˸ɫһͷ
γ¡ȻӻȡһɫСһֻ
һ緢˳ȥֻ֮տɫ˳Ȼһֻ˶ޱȵſצӣץ˶γ¡ͳˡ
µ˶ʱ־ŭʱƿڴѣзŭ֮ظЩħмԼʯͷҴһ
ٵĹͷĵһǰչš
γ¡ֽһһɲصҶô㣿
ΪʲôңҶЦһװһȻ֪ģ
ǰһȵҶȻӣõ
ƨ˵ӱ𣿡ҶŰָϵ˺صҶԸôħҲˣ˵ȴٳٲôһ£
γ¡ĳļ򣬳ֻܴŴҶϱŵʲô
ҶصҸոմǲļ̳Ѿ˼̳ȡһı
Զԣһ֮󣬺ȻЦ
γ¡磬ǺЦҶְǺñ£ȻˣǾһصȥɡֵܻҶֱ
ЦǺǵ˹ֵ̧Ĵ֣ҪҶļʾȡ
䣬ԱߵĳⶸȻӱһ̵߳˿һ죬һҶ˹ȥ
ͬʱγ¡֮һҲһεĵУͷ
Ҷһʧɫģæ̧һӣİӭǵС
ࣣγ¡һǷ絶ݺӡֻŹֵİ棬ը֮£¶һСˮһϡ
һСˮûʲôֻ֮нɫĹ㣬ų׵Ĺ⻪
ٻ͵Ҷĵ֮кʣһֵ֮ûֻǰһС˳
ǣγ¡д̰֮ɫû˵ǰץ
ԱߺͳභҶ֣Ȼ¶һ˿Ц⡣
ҶĳⶸȻоҶͬѰЦ⣬Ȼһе϶ΣҪǶ
Ϊʱ
γ¡һһСǣͬ㣬һ¾ɫɵ˵ϡ
ֻü֮з·һݣһľԪ˳
תۼ侹ȻɢԪ
γ¡רԪ񣬲Ҷޣȫ¼ͨ͸ת磬ȫܹƾ赲ס֮֡
϶Σôˣ⿴˶γ¡ģʱʧɫʧе
ȥȥˣҶʱЦһǺһ⻮գֱ
ⵥһһ̵߳˿˳һһһҶ˹ȥ
ǱŽ֮£˿ϱпһڣ½֮£˿ʱһˣ
Ҷһ󲻵ûб𿪣ݶת֮£⻯Ϊᣬһ׹ֱϮʺ
ܣ۾ɲǼԲˡ
˿ƶСȴƳɵģͷޱȣǰٽеĻҲһ飬Ҷĳڱ֮󣬾Ȼ˷
ǺεȾĵǺεۻ
Ҷֵ֮£һ㣬ֱɱó⺹¡
¡ͳֵһ޷һ䣬໥֣ϵõ֮²֪ɱ˶ײеޣͬҲ
ǲûѧζսоԶĬ
¡ĽȽϿ죬ǰѾ쾳磬ܹԪˣΪܹԪϣ书ȴȫԷΪ࣬õĽҲ࣬Ҳʦ׵Ϊ
¡ˮĥǿ޳ԪģΪʦǳΪһʦʩչĥϣⱲֻͣʦײˡ
Ҷ֮£һһɱó֧穣䤱
⻹ҪģҶĵϸĵⲻͣں鳹׶ҡˡ
Ҷ̧һָطֱġ
һָ10˲ɱ
ԣ󶸵һ飬һؾֱͨ
֮ƤʱѪɣһر˺˿
ʱزҽУûӦҶֻӵ֮£һ죬ұ۴һѪ죡
Ҷ漴ڿն߳ţС֮£ļ׵߹ǡ
ܡܣ
ΪʲôܣҶűĳ⣬˵صǱʦΪ
졭ʦвͣѪѵʵ
˵һ㶼ԩҶٺЦطһɹʦӦþǧٴεʵսĴ˿Ҫˣ־ᵹ㵹ãһĶ־̾˥һ룡Ϊ㹻ܺһϸʦޣŧһ
񽥽͵һģ͵쭳һɹɵѪѾû˿Ϣˡ


085 ͷ
һɳɫ࣬ǰļѪģʬ塣
ԳϺĶɫѿ
֮רŸĵӣüͷϸ̽š
ЩĵӶԺľӢǶγ¡ͳֵܣڻɫĵˣǶ¡Ѿ˳ʦΪһɱɵʧ֪
¡ͳ˵ʬǰ˵ʬ˺ѾǱѪģˡ
Ҷȴɫƽλôһֻ֪˵Լγ¡ǰȥŪüλʮֵȤ
˵ˣγ¡Ϊ죬ǼλϿɵģڳ״һζܲҶôһִûĹеɣ
õôˣǾôģԳ̲סʵ
õȥ漴صγ¡вԸȻĳֽԸķԪ⵽ֱӵԪ
Ա˲Ȼݣ˵ԸֵܹһϾأֻҪǿ羡͸Ƕ˵ԸµĶҩմȾһЩԸ̾總֮һӵϣᵼԪ
Գɫ࣬ʵǳأ
õӿڵ϶γɵˣûû˺͵˵ļ󣬶ֱ˫ȶѾûˣʵڿֺӦǱϮ
Աߵкɫһ漴ȥ
ıѾҶС
Ȼ˴β߻ϮҶģʮа˾ǳֱˡ
һߵԳؿҶڵ˴ΣҶ˵ļ̳ɱʦûüԮǣ˲أͣҪѺ˶γ¡ȷɣܷų
ҶжʱŭԱߵͷЦһԳϣ⹦ǹǹҶȻðս岿´һĶγ¡Լָʧܹ˭Ѳˣ
Գŭֻ˵Ҫû˵ҪĹֻͣҪȷ֮һڹкβɣ
ص˭֪Գǲʲô˽أߺߣֹµ飬ԳϻǲҪĺãŹϾŹ棬ǳϸ߸ϣӦǣԵ޹ʽѺȥӰ첻á
ԳϲȻŭͬʱһƵ˹
ȻˣûбҪٲȥˡԱߺȻһƵÿ˵ĶС
Ҷɫһݣֻ֮߹һӣʷɣȻ֮ȴּһɸȻϣ̲סȻ𾴡
λһæݼƽ̣
·ͬСɡԱƽؿڵκһ쾳ĸ֣ڱ˵شʧγ¡ȻѾͻ쾳磬ΪβЩϱɣǺúٽһò˶һһĸˡ
˵޵ԱߵϸӣԳϵɫ̾ͲȻ
γ¡Ѿͻ쾳磬ȴһֱϸӸеԵʿѰζˡ
ƽתԱĬȻҶصҶ
Ҷæ˹ȥ°ݵڡ
˴˴󹦣Ӧ͡ƽ΢΢һЦҴ㾫Ԫʮɽһڣٴؾɳ£ٽΪ¹͡
Ҷʱϲæݵлƽ̣
ԱߵԳ϶ݺݵؿҶ޲Ҫ̻ˡ

Ҷ漴˴˴λõǧ㹱׶ȣȡʮƷĵҩ漴쵽һƣ˲ؾ
ǵ͹㣬Ҷ˵ͷȵ˼Ǹɽ֮ա
Ҳףʦ⻰ʲô˼ҶһװͿģʵ
Ҫٸװȥˡɫصô㺦ģ
ף˼ǣҺһ·ִֻѣδˡҶüͷһʵʦ֣ҪԣȻλͣҪ˷̰ңһԵƽȥٰҡ
㣡ҶôĵӣǰʵâһؿҶ
ҶЦһһԴɫζΪŻŻҶͷˣҶɲǱŻġ
ʦûʲô»ǾˡиˡҶְõػʦҵ֤֮˵ЩҲ١
ʱɫ࣬ҧĿ֨֨졣
Ҷ˲ؾ֮еġУʼϸط
ڵصĹ׳ԪƷ
书Ѿ裬ȫҲѾԲҪ̫սһ֮£תۼܽ˲סˣҪʲôۻҵʽЩ书սһ¾ͿˣҪѧٶ书սֻ׸ѡ
似֣мܾĸֽС졢ϸʽ֮Уǿľʤ֮
ҪΪ֣ҪȫԲͨ͸ǿתϸ΢磬ϳ˵书֮
ϴνɻУȻΪԼĵҪһ㣬⣬߽ͣĶ־ս⣬ġ
һʦ˵ȭӰ컹̫󣬵Ƕһʦ˵Ҫһ£ȭɵĸ֣ȭⲪȻƾʦķٸҲ޷ġ
ƽˣǿ׳ߣţͷ϶ѻ𣬵ǲʦ֮ͷʢѪǣͻɳ𣬶ʦ֮ͷϵѪǾͻɹ̣ˣѰ겻˿а֡
쾳֮ڵѪǾͲˣܹƾȭҲǡ


086 
ؾ֮ҶطɴվԺ֮⡣
ҶɴȦףɫ㲣ϲ˹
ûӦѾҶһ§ס֫صȥ
Ҫطɴߵýһ漴ͱҶҸڻˡ
һҶ֮С
ԱߵĻƽʿޱؿŮ
ʱôûʲôΣհɣҶ§סḧ
һֱڵ㡣ɴȦ΢죬ḧҶϵ˺ۣ૵صЩħ߱ײе޶Ҫݶγ¡ʦսˣôܹŵ㡣
ħһȻһֱ쳯ͳ֮ΪģֱӾͰǾΪһ࣬˱ӹӣڽֵʱҶòϣħһĴʹ
ʱĻҶħһ϶ܹԼվɽֻħһҲΪ쳯Ĵ󻼡
ģЩħȻҿûôñݺҶȻ
ɴ˲ؾ̨׶
˾һѵõܰ
ûµġҶο֣޵ħӦ֮⣬һС˰ˣκβңΪ塣
ɴ΢ŭص˵ףĸԳλÿǽƽ֮¡
𣿡Ҷ
ɴס֣ҡҡͷҲ£ҶֻҪܹ㣬ҾҲ£ûʲôǷֿ಻
һ仰͹ˣԳλȨΣֶκͶʲôϵʦ߽ףɼԶԶȲҡҶһɺ飬ȻѾʦ˾ŲΪˣֻͻʦ֮ɿ϶ңʱǳҲҪɵ֣٣ͻھ磬ҵǰҲֻһЦѣ
ɴжʱʣʮص仰Ҿͷˡ
֪ĪޣҶӴôˣɴ֪ҶԨѧʶ;տʲôֻҪһ֮̾ܽ䷢ԭݵ͸֮°빦
ʲôŵر鵤ҩԶԶȲһͨ͸ġ
ҶкȻһ漴ʵɴϲʶŽã
ɴʱһ漴֮⣬ʵǽҵĹۣôʶǵģ
ָĵ£
Ҷεط˸ۣ˼ˡ
ϴõԭԭظɴ
ɴŷЦúͱǸСѾͷƽ̵Ůǽõʦȴƽ̺ͼλҲʮּɵڻû˵ȥǡȻλȻȴһֱŹ棬ƽҲʮֵ͵ǱѾͷЩڶѡ
Ůڲ֪ж˶ðͽģռЩˣɴȴԸǿʤӣܸôһƬɹҲͲΪˡ
ɴܲͨμҽãһҶд̫ˣҲóȥĥһˣ˵ͻ쾳ˣ˵ˣںȺ˵ڶҲȷʵ̫ķѾ񡣡
ҪȥɴһĨᣬǵͷţðɣȥ취
´Ƭ֮Ҷɴ˳ȥٴηص˲ؾ
ԲѵСӣʶ֮кȻһٻͼȲмص
Ҷ˼·ʱдŭ٣ٻͣĹ죡ӵĺ£
ٻ֮ԱǵصڲǸССʦƾʲôô˵٣ΪʲأڿҲֻǸøԶĴѣѹԳЩλȨصϼһүʱҪߵöˣԴḻүûйôͷֻ̤̤ʵʵһһӡͻƶѡ
ΪɵBҶص
Ҳ٣ٻͲûһҭʱ۴еСӣС˵Ҫ˵һӳîү͸
˵ɵB㻹զΣҶЦѵʲôôЩͨ׵ѧʦȥδ˶ĳ˵ã׽ܱ֮οѾеûҸոյĻЩű߼ʣҵȴҲһһģѿɳڲʦŽףνѾ۷Բ֮ҪǶԼ壬Լڵ̣ҸҴôţƤУǷǳ֪֮˵ĵѹ³
Ҷһķ̣ٻͶʱˡ
˵ˣ˵ҵǲǣ֪ҲǣĽֻʲôҶЦҪǰϥԼİŮ˶ҪתãԼԣܹͻأߣУһżᶨƵĵģããɲȵ壡ܾССĳϣ
ߣͣ
˵öԣҴˡٻͳĬƬ̣Ȼ̾Ļ˱ϥֻҲҪƲˣСӡǰ;
ʱ˿̣ĶҶϵˣķڷˡ


087 
Ӳؾ֮˳֮Ҷ漴СԺλȥ
ƬС羰·ԵĻľ׺ľ߽ġ
ɴһ̸֮Ҷٸо泩ͨ࣬ѹԼͷҲɢˡ
ԴҶ˺¥ѸٿɵĲ·֮չֳĴֶΣĴԺవɴ˳ģʦ˾ŲΪԲλࡣ
ʣľһЩӵˡ
ڵϵ͵λ֮ϣȻŹҶ޹˼ɣҪҶ֣Ҷеʤ
ûԹ⣬ǻ·ģڹٻҵҶڳ֮͢еıƶĿȾѾģҾ̶ֳȵı˵ֱһɽϪˮ̩ɽһ˵ıһȼϡ
ֻҶһָоͺΧʱʱڳһֻҧһڣȶᣬȴƫƫκβá
Żɴ뷽跨뿪ɣֻҪܹһʱ䣬˵ܹͻƾ磬ɾʦΪˡ
ȭ֮Ҷڲؾڷ伮Ѿݳ˲쾳ҪĲ衣
һ˼⣬һǰš
һƬ֮еʱҶȻͣ˽Ųһɲĸоӿͷ
ԱߵֵܣɡҶȻͣס˽Ųؿڵ
ԱߵĹľݴ֮кȻ˻һ
ˣһƬɫõĹâ˵ļʸˣҶ˹
˸˳ַλ꾫׼ȻҪһپ͵ظɱ
ߣСҶ΢΢һУȻһȻһս𵶼ٻ֮£һɫѤõĹЯΧ׷׳һնڵء
ˤ֣ҶζһΣ賤գǰһֻ˷Ӱˢˢһſƴ򣬳
˷һ³ǽؼ̵͵ƻ˹Ҷİ˸һֲ֮£ʱҶƾƼһţҶַɣһĽָ˳˸һ֮ûоͱҶһָ㵹ڵˡ
Ҷּһ;ϸһ£ʹִ죬;ƥȴͿĨԵĶҺ
߷Ϭپ׼˾һ뷢ʦĸҲԵֵҶȴѾʦ˾Ų㣬ڵ΢ڳ֮ǰѾоˡ
߾ǷƷȻ˸ȻҶг𣬵ǱȴеʹߣҴӼͿĨĶҺԿĻʹߴҪݺһ
ԭ㡣Ҷ̧Ųסһһţҿ֡
ǰĴ˾Ȼǰһ£ת˿ˣȻһⶼĹӡ
˭ôɵģ˵ɡҶеޱʵҪ˵ᱨ֮Ĵ
һһݺݵؿҶ˭ûйϵģҶò֮ĳ˰ɡ
˵ôԶҪ˵ˣҶȻЦһ̧һֱָüġ
ľһ֮£ǰһڣͷ϶ʱƤһѪųȻԴһᣬûϢ
ţҶ̧֣ͣһһǵڵˡ
ҶƣصһȺ˷ҵʱ䡣
ͬʱԱߺȻһ󼱴ٵĽŲһѾѸײڶ֮ơѸٽΧ
Ҷô󵨣ȻɱŵӣԱߺȻһһ۵껺˹ĿؿһĨ
̧һָҶȵ޹ʲɱŵӣõɱˣѺ䣡
㵽˭
ӺٺЦִ¿ûпǸոսֻ֣㶯ֽǵڵأ
ѵոǴɱңûпҶصȻˣǾƽΣ
һЦãҾķڷˣ⼸˵ʬ״ϣҴȥãƽ̷䣡
ߣҶһ̧ƻһ˸һ±˳ȥ˶·òͣԼԻǰȥƽ̷˵
ã
Ա߳˼ŵܽ⼸ҶĵӣƺƵسĴȥˡ
֮кƽڵп飬ֻ֮÷ᡣ
࣬ʲôô
ضԱߵҶЦ漴Ȼصƽ̣Ӹʣµ໥ɱδã
ƽ΢΢׵ĽɾǽµӻɱǷһһԺִҲҪ
ƽ˵ļǡ
һʹļ׵ģڷԺѲʱȴǿһ׮£λҶʦֳֺݶСӣΪָȻ⼸λʦܶڵأʵڿۣ⼸λʦһҶ֮ڷӲԽԽƽ̷䡣
ƽ̻תͷŴݲȵҶʵҶԴ˻ʲô˵ô
ƽ̵ĻŹ֪ƽ̣Ҷ΢΢һЦڴ£Ҳֱ棬¾Ǽ׿˵ȽϺʡ
һֱƴҶˮʱһŵؿҶ
Ҷ۾صҲûɱǣֻǰǵ˹ȥѡ
˵꣬˹ȥ̧ѪӵͷٻѨһ̶סվѪǣ۾ãȻĹΧٿΧ߸ӱҶһһ֮Ҳ׷˹
һվ϶ʱһƬɷס


088 Ի
أȴҶһЦոҶֵ⼸üĵʱ򣬿ͷѪƤʮֵңʵȴֻƤ˶ѣҶȭѹס˼˵ľʹǻ˹ȥ
Ҷ漴ؿڽһȭӡһһȻںȵƣ
ҶһȣҶϽļӶͷһѪ͵һһ㡣
ɵڵϵļӱһ֮£һ£һ֮˹
ҶȭһգȻȻؾ˹
ոջڴѿѾɫˡ
ƽ𣡼ƽ̣ļ¶ʱʧɫæڵˣߵͷֹȹɸһ㣬ɪɪ
ǼˣҳϮɱң⵹ҲˣǾȻðƽ̵ƭңǵȫҪ̣̽Ҷؿһۣ
һ֮£һʱɢɫɷ׵ܵĳϣ̧ͷ˿ϸ߸ޱƽ̡һĶʱϰµû䡣
ǵҲǲŪЩߡҶǻ겻ģðŵòˣ漴˹ص˵ɣ˵Ļʹ˵ƽʴȣֻǷϵǵ书Źһ
ԱߵɫٿȻ䣬жʱһĨ֮̿ɫ
ͷ亹æڵƽ̣ҿʵΣҴȥһ
ҶЦϵʦ֣͵ϮңɺûϵɣոջڿҪƽǰ˵ףȴʲô̹ףѲɸʲôϵɣ˲ɣ
ּŭ޲һҶȴá
Ҷɨ˻̻̲İˣص˵ɣƽģûˣҲû˸Ұô
ζؿԱߵһۡ
Ϊ׵һӵСæ촽ءƽ̵ĻǡȻҶг𣬵ǡȴ๫ӡ͸ǵ
˻һƽһװ㣬賤϶׻ɫʱࡣ
㡭ôᡭ賤ɫȻؿ࣬ɫ࣬ҧܿ˸׵
ƽ̣ԩ޳ҲûкʹȻ˺ݶɱ֡Ҷ࣬صƽΪ
ƽڱΡȻüͷ
ԱߵĳϺȻˣص࣬ոһ´ʣȻǾͨŹ棬̷ָ֪׼ôԼأٺ٣ɱ̲ϴš
賤쳣ؿųϣҧ
賤̾ϢһϷ޷ֺϷԸȥһλҲȥΧִһְƽˡ
۾ȭͷ϶ʱһĨʹɫ
֪Ϊִһְķ˶ȴһָƻˡ
ðɣ࣬˴ξͿûķϡƽҶһۣ漴ͷΪˣ׶ǧΧִһְ賤㣬ִҵҵְɡӹ°ִ֣һ±Ҷȥγܣ
ʵŪʲôʱµԹҶҪأ
ɫ࣬ĬȻ
㲻˵ΪҾͲ֪ôҶ۾ЦûŪΪָʹ𣿡
һжȻһĨݺݵҶô֪ģ
ܼ򵥣ͷͿĨǺǿҩǼѪĶҩҶ΢ЦȻ볹׷ϵңȻЩ裬˼ȥڽԹࡣ
󱲣ƾٳСҲԣҶٺЦʩСƶѣվˣⶼҵġ
ҧгݵصҶҵƣ

Ҷ߳˴ʱ򣬱ȻһĽŲ
ҶȵȵȡԱߺȻһ
һɫȹŮ˹ϴǸš
С㡣Ҷתֳ˸
ˣһˡûؿҶϸһ£̾Ϣ治֪ôģôһ޺ӾȻôˣ
ҲҶյֵ̯ӦǾϻ˶ʼɵӹš
ޣ㲻㻹ʲôģϴαﶼƭˣźݺݵһۣҲ黹֪أʵ˲ٴ£ħ⮡ᣬɴҲ㹴֣㻹ǰһӵģϴҿǱƭˡ
һ£ȷҶɫصҶΪȻ㲻죬أҾẦЩҺõˣϴǰװǻƣҪǸСħŮǲ
Ųüʲôµģ
Ҷ΢˼һ֮漴ͽϴԼ
Ȼô޳ܣȻ򵽱ϣ쵰дŭҧгݵصҾĲ
漴ֺݺݰһۣߵ㻹˵һȻʲߣǱǸһλϵĵǣֻҲкӹˡ
޷ǸǾںҶֵġҶһ֣ص
һֱԳϵͷ㲻ȥͶиӻҲá
ǳϿңҶĳȻ֮ãǳϲҪҶĳҲǿν˲󼺡ҶϷһĨŵЦݣ书֮;սսˮۣвͺˣЩѹδػǻ¡
ȻǺǣˣɴΪʲôģţȾֽƻ书ָߡЦз֮ɫȻվߣͷò˶ãǼλ϶ѹƲס˰ɣ
ģһӦò̫ԶˡҶ΢΢һЦС㣬Ҷĳɴ˵Ǽ¡
Űһ۵ҵȻǵˣţٹµʱɣόϹʮ٣ʱһƽ̽ǰȥܲܰãͿԼˡ


089 ό
Ժ֮У裬ƮɣҶȫԸתն
Ϊǵ֮賤һϵͷ̨ˣݴ˵౻賤Ϻݺһ٣ָԳϴһͨɢ
µҶȴǺ𣬶ҴҲƽϽ⴫
ҶͶڷԺԼ֮пʼ
ڵڹѾԲľ磬Ѿ۷ľ磬Ҫÿմİˣֻǲϵذ
Ҷʦ֣ƽҪȥһˣ
ƽҪңҶһ˵ɺʵ
ȻɭϣڶƽﻹǱȽϿɵģƽÿټԺӿ̳һΣԼǿԺӵĿơ
ƽ̺ټģڵײĵ˵һľ룬ڵӵͳκƿء
֮еɫȻؿҶ۾Ȼһ漴صҶ
Ӱݼţ֪ƽǰʲôôҶ漴ͿԱϴǸֵС
ƽƤ̧𣬵Ҷ֪όô
Ҷ漴˶ŵѣӦ˵
όϹҲ޵гѾõǰˣ׼Ҫʮ٣ոҪȥ񡣡ƽ˹ط˲豭Ҷһ۵ֻǽόŹϵʼն̫ǢҪһʵĵǰȥ񣬼ȲܶŵҪԲ˳棬ìܼҶҶϼ壬Ժգǲѧţͨʵѡˡ
Ըǰȥȫ˱ɵҶап࣬漴ɴӦʵصֻǵӴǰȥδ֪ƽ̻ʲôҪôĴɻ䡣
ã˲ŵĴжڴɻ䵹أǱϾ޵ߣû׼ЩأֻҪԴ壬ĪҪ׹˱ŵͺˡƽ΢ЦҶ¹ϣˮֽϸиˡ
ԱǸԵؿзһĨ͡
ƽ̵ص͸όеرȥѡʵڲУҲȥɹҲɣһȥόƵҩ㲻ƳԱĴѩɽϣѾ͵ϲκѩʱ磬ֻҼǵãҪԴ壬򲻿ʧŵ˱ɵ档
Ҷʱһͷۣ˵ͷ
ƽ˼һ£漴ֵҶ֮Ҳһʱ䣬ֻǲ̫ˡ
лƽ̣ȥ׼ˡ
όЩɵ׼֮κԣ˺ܶ࣬˲͹ȥ˼Ҳֻһ㡣
һ뵽ҶвЩˡ
ҵӵܣѵҪô׵𣿡Ҷε̾Ϣһ
Ĳ룬ƽҲûдȥόֻӦһ¾͵ãҶ׵壬˳ˡ
űǰЦصҶǱıȡأôлأ
ҵҪӦ𣿡ҶЦôһ˵ҵǷ˲٣λСģҶк񱨣
ޣκ죬һڣҲʲô񱨲ˣúð˲£Ժƽǰ˵ϻˣԺ賤Ҫ㣬Ҳϼˡ

ѩɽϣ겻İѩĿһƬҫ۵ľס
Ҷվɽ˶Ƥ죬ڻѩϷ˿֨֨ιһ쳣ľ֮޴󣬾ʯͷܹˡ
ɽϵĻѩʮֺأҶӲˣݻ֮еĵطѩδȻ꣬µĻѩ¸ˣеĵطѩ˾ףв˽ȥ̾û֮֡
ѩɽҲвۼĵطһЩηẮ棬ټʹ޽ʮֵ
Ҷسһ漴ĵȫµĲ̤ţڷѩ֮еֿϺҵ硣
Ȼû¼ӡ
ļ֮£ҶɵԽ˼ɽͷһɽ֮С
쳣ḻĵطۼǿ˾ͻܶħڴ˵ؾۼЩħ֮£˱졣
ɽ֮е޲Żô࣬ʮֵ׺
֨֨صĲ̤ѩˡ
һͷ˫ֱߵĹ˹ͷһͷֱߵĲǣ°ĺִ֫ƥϰǰ֫˳ļצһװĻɫëһ˫͵鿴Ҷ
Ҷɫݡ
һͷѩħѰĺڲȡɷ֮ɵħħѾóܹܵȡ¾ܹڽˡ
ֲħʮֵܹѻɽ֮ԾɣѰĵӣͲֲħĶ֡
Ҳħħ֮಻ͬԽթƻһѪɱȴӵش˼֣зҲ֮
໣ͷħһƽУǿĺ֫һ֮£ϰһ֮£˸źľ޴צӳץ˹צϴһǿҵ硣
ÿ죡ҶֻǰӰһ⧲֮£ؿھͱͷħһץ˸š
Σ֮УҶ͵طһţһʯͷȻ󵹷ɶ
һ죬Ҷ˱ͷħһץӴ˳ȥؿڵ׶˺ѿһӡ
ҶһκȻһ֮յòצԼͷƤӹ
ţ˫ǰڵһ͵һţݺͷħϡ
໣ͷħʱҶһõߵõ˳ȥ˵һصڵء
ҶʵĳһĨ⣬ѸٷӶһͷħ
ҶڿԾವһ¾䵽Աߵˣ漴ҷһ֮¡ٴ䵽һϡ
һһεԾ֮£ҶڽغͷħԶ˾롣


090 Ȼ
һ·֮£ӵһƬյ֮кҶͣǵĽŲһƨɶڵˣŴ
ҶǴ򲻹ͷħֻѩɽϣѩȹҪһʮֵܣͷѩħƿεץסѩأ˳֮£ҶȻֻʣķˡ
ƽĵƣҶҪ㶨ͷħҲúķһЩֽš
Ҳʵ̫˰һͷĲħȻѾǱµޣҪˣҶ棬˺Ҳƽ
ͷħܾδԹѪˣոҶһ֮򵥵иоǰۺѪǣ˾ڲԶҶʱ໹ֽԼǿ˫װ˵һ㣬һʹڳԶƬ⻬ѩٶ籼һ㣬Ծ֮¾Ҷǰצӡ
¡һƵͷҳеĲħֵصһ棬Ӷ˽ȥ
ȥҶ׼һᣬһ𣬵󵶺һ㣬ͷϡ
ħһ໣ʮݻѪ˳ȥҶתһȭֱһصغϡ
ͷħؿ֮رһ޹İ죬طһز໣Żһ̲Ѫرˡ
̵ģԸӶҪʹֶǶ˶ˡҶȭͷε̾Ϣһ
ѩɽϿϡԺڣҶоЩˣҪɽ¸Ӻķ
Խһɽ֮Ҷͣ
ֻﵹûжٻѩ¶˺ںɫأмѾѩɣɽȴ˶ڴСѩÿһ䶼ʮֵľԶˡ
һѾǧ֮ˣɢƢ㡣
һѩ׵ӰȻ㵯˹һԾ߰ɸߣſڵҶҧ˹
ѩ׵ӰԴβߣλȴűĤᣬ嵯䣬һоʮɡ
ߣҶƷѴһɲ˾Ҵ˵ϴѩˡ
ιﱻҶĲ˾һײ֮£ԭѸζʱܽ˽ˮ֮һ㣬ô˿С
Ҷֳɲ˻طûɢĵڣ̧͵رһ֮£ʳָͬһָ˹һ滨ǹһ㣬ݺݵ̽ɾ֮УߵԴ档
ͷ۷ſҧһɰȭҵ򵥵ʶ֮Уɫʱ
ࣣ۷߱ҶһָԴһɰԴը𵴵ô׹˵ϡ
ͷ۷߱Եߣѩɽĵطຮǳ겻⡣Ƕͷ۷ƾűܵʶʹ֮£Ҳڴ˵֮£ÿߵɽ۴λãʼͣؼȡ˴֮
۷Ϊȥÿճѩϵ¶ˮ˷嶥ȡ̫֮㣬֮£ǲʲô⣬ʱվ˾ܹɾˡ
ͷȻǳǱѾ˵ĽƣȻУȡ˲̫𣬻֮УеһѾת˴ˡ
ͨߵȴǴֳɫҲҶ漴
һ֮ɫѾҶ漴նһؿľԱ߾͵ȡģһıݡ
˭ҶȻԱߵս𵶣תͷȵ
Զӵ߹һӰӳŻ⣬Ҷ˻ŮӣŮļһɫĽۣüȴųɫӵģ̲סһϧ֮
ԭǸʦҶشһۣתͨĿϸһ£ȴоϢȻ˵һɫɢһɹɴ˴ѩɽϵĺ
ҶߣɽҪʩչṦɽֻٻгڽ£Ϳɵط˳Խǵˡ
λ̨ҿ䣬ȡȡůô
Ů̴һһɴϸصҶĶУʱҶоֻȻ֮У־֡
Ҷ΢΢裬Ӧתͷˣ΢ЦλС㣬ʲô
⹬װŮЦҶһ˫ˮ֮Ĺת·ѾԼͷ
ҶоԼһһ˫ˮ·ĺڶһ㣬оԼʶˣһ˲䣬ʶͱĿȫռס
ͬʱʶ֮еԽкȻһϢѾȻ֮С
Ҷа裬漴ת̵ȭ⣬ɫػȻɱãȻմģ
װŮӼѾԼԻˣжʱɿһĨɫ


091 Ȼȭ
ΧԱߣʼ˵˵̸̸Щҵ˼ˣŮҲִ֮һ´ζҶоеĶ־⽥
̨СúϾеѩɽУʵں£˴εܲܺСһͬǰأСÿĺܺ°Ͼһԣᣬһ㣬㿴ʵôǿСҪİ
ı飬˸оæֱʮˡ
ãУС㣡ģҪҲһģҶճԵؿסС֣һֻȴѾĴȣһˮص
Ҷְ̫ллıСһʲôءϾضһЦɫز˲ӣȻС֡
С˵ﻰǶһҲ˭ҶճԵؿɰ۲ӵһѽסˮ߰С֫ʼֵͣظֱҧͣزѡ
Ǿô˵ŶǡСûȥ׼һ¡Ͼתȥˡ
֪ѾͷȻҶʩչȻ֮
Զ֮ҶȻЦһһâ㯵ʱָɫ
ŮʹõǼȻ֮ڲ֪н˵Ȼ˵һȻӣ˱ϸоûκεľ쳣Ǳʶ֮ȴǶһѰĺøС
һҶʹǱʶ֮жøУȻͳΪȹ֮ԹԵس䵱ڻҺ
ĳ̶ֳ˵Ȼ֮ҶȭƵĵطֻȻȴûֶǱĬ˸ҶȭȴǿӲܲܿȥȫԪǿȶѡ
Ȼ֮ҲôʩչģŮӼȻðһķǰȻԼôѩɽп϶ҪͼıĶ
Сˣ㾹ȻĵķӺңߺߣҵ뿴㵽ҪЩʲôҶԶȥӰ漴ȡһŵضݷ
̧ѩ߳һƬյ֮ҶѸٳ˵صˡ
һ̶ظǸŮĲһɽ֮еǰ
Ͼʱ˿߳ŭʹҶ
ޣԭ쵰Ȼͷɫ竣ͽӣåռ̵ıˣȥɣϾҧгݵϴŸոձҶַĵطһѡ
Ͼʲôأ˭ˣԱߺȻһ
Ůˮһ㣬´һֱʣ·һ֧ѩк÷һ㣬ͤͤ񲻽Ϊ֮ᡣ
ǰޱȣȴһ󳤷һƮƮƵطǰʵ
С㡣Ͼæվ
Ͼ˸㶨ûУüʵ
ϾڵһºˣڰصشСĻʱҵȷʵռ˲ٱˣ˽ҶǸеĵӡ
еˣߣԭǸɫ竰ˣȻ㶨ͺãһˣεжܹһݰһĨŭ֮ɫ漴Цǵļƻܹ׳ɹˣ˵ˣҶδܹĹֺαظһ˼ƽϣԵͳԵɡ
С˵ǡϾһĨ֮ɫ漴
Խ֮Ͱֻ˩ϺˡлһĨ֮⣬漴ִȡһֻУȡһֻɫСɢŵϢ
Ůһۣо衣
˵书̫ǿѹƲסˡϾ
Աߵ嵭صҲûйϵֻҪסȺǣ鶼ǾͿˡ
²ð죿
һƲʲôðģһҸҸϵϡ

ڶһ֮󣬺Ͼ漴˹ҵҶ
ҶȻ֮ѾΪ˽ˣϴεĽӴ֮ѾԼһӡٿʮֵˡ
һģһɫİŮҲһλʦΪĸֻ֣֮дһݡ
֮⣬еӣеӾʦ׵ΪԶԶȲҶˣҶǶøжѣеѾƵʮֳˣѾŮĻΪˡ
Խ˱ѩؼẮѩԭ֮һƬɽ֮Уǰʱһ
ƪɽóҵ»еػȪɽʯ϶֮緢˳ټصɽס˺γļ紺ĳ
͵ˡȻ𣬵λҪһ£޳ûֻңϣʹ޲ҿ
˵һֻ׳зƵСУɢŵ㡣


092 ʥֶ
Ҷɻصʲôô
ͺϾһۣϾ˹һֻ˽ߵĲΪҶϵˡ
ϾҶ֣ҷģһẦ㲻ɣ
ҶæصͷǣǣС˱࣬λẦء
Ů漴һۣ¶һ˿ıóѵЦ
ֻƬȪܲɽԺ˰죬漴̳ѩɽȥˡ
ԽһƬСɽ֮ӳǰȴһƬѩ֡
һ·ϣҶͼӽһ֣мĴڨû˿ķӦһ˼ȫ˺ϾϣϾֳҶȣһ㷴ӦûС
ҶϾȻ֮
˸ո̤ѩ֮ккȻһ̶һųëĶͬƤ㼱Ծ˼ǰ
ǰ֫ŵأӳ¿һ㣬ȴǳųһ˫ɺ۾ݺݵصˡ
¸¸¸£ȻֿͣһЦعֽ
ѸٴѩֵˣܼĻѩһѩ̴д˳
ѩ̣ԱŮʱʧɫϾæץסҶֱۣɫš
¸¸¸£ͷ쳣ߴѩ˹һſ֮£˪֮ӿۣһֽ֮£ʮ˪ѩҶ˹
Ҷһ̧־һӭһ΢
⼸ͷѩ¶ɫ˪ڿһ٣漴ȻըѿϸСı룬ضǡ
ҶһӶеĳ͵˽ЩѩȺУ󿪴ϣͰԵ֮ƣͷѩܵİ㣬˼һʱ侹Ȼˡ
ҶɢǿħζȴƫƫЩѩѪ޲۹ֽ趯צ˶ϣ޲ý˺Ƭ
˵书ĲӦʦ˾Ž˰ɣϾȻȺѩ̵Ҷ
ԱЦһʦ˾ŽΣҲвʦָᡣ
ʦ㣬ڸô죿Ͼѩ̷ӵʵ
ʱרΪЩѩ̵ħǷһЦҶסȺѩ̣˳ȥȡ
ԱϣָϺȻһ㵭ɺɫ
ȻָѵѩȺ֮У㵭غѩȺ֮кȺѩ̶ʱȫëţһ˫۱Ѫޱȣ췢໵Х֮
ѩ֮УʱͬһƬ籩һ㣬ҵ𵴵ͷĻѩ쪵
·һһ㣬֣ںˣߣ
˵꣬һ̾Ͷ˶սţһҶʩʩȻԶٶȥˡ
ȺСˣҶһ߷ӵжʱҧгݡ
ոоŮʵսķǡѪܹ޸ӵѪȣʮֵĶ񶾣ȻҪƲҶһ˺Щѩ̾ˡ
裡Ҷһٱӿ֮£˷ɢ˳ȥ
ϺĻѩʱһɨգ¶˺ںɫĵˡ
Ҷ͵سһšضݷԼϣŵϷ·ɳһ㡣
쬵һ£Ȼû˺֮Уѭǵظš
໣ͷ۾Ѫѩӭץ˹Ȼһץ˸ա
ȻʧȥĿ꣬ͷѩ̶ʱñŭ캿иͣ߬ȭͷƴشԼš
ѩɽжŮһǳһŵǰţڵϣһ߰ڵ۵߮ţɫظһ˵ı
һƵƤͼֽ΢΢ɢζԶ
ԶȴһɽɽµԼɼһɽȡ
ˣһ࣡һĨϲ֮ɫеͼֽһϣԱߵĺϾȥ
Ͼǰ߳ЦضܳĶеλ̨̫ˡ
࣬ģΪ˶λɵС㣬ҲĸԸ¶֮ɫֻһζصͷ
ҪǸֻҪﳤ߾ͺˡȻһ䣬ߵĵڣָȻɫĺתۼı⣬ǹ㣬ݺеӵڡ
꣡ߵеȻоһһĸоѸȫ
תָŭ磬Ȼصص˵ϡ
˿ڴѾ׶ᣬһƬ࣬û˿Ѫʳ
ҪңֻԹˡ䣬û˿Ĳֻ̣ǵغһ
ŮͬʱʩչǳĹɽ֮мٱ˹ȥ
⴦ɽ棬Ůʱһ
⴦ɽĶȫǱĥʮֹ⻬ƽκεĵ֮ۡڵλȴǱһԲδʯסˡ
סڵĴʯĥʮֹ⻬Ȼ˿Ϸ죬һСָҲȥ
翴ʯͷ૵صʥֶΣȻͨ쳹ء
֮кȻ˸¸µͷ³׻ҡ֦ɣŽŲ˹ֲڵϣһ˫۾Ů
Ůǰһֱްشִ֦ҶŮ˹һĸҲ˹ȽŲ˹ȥ
󣡡粪Ȼŭһ֮£ϸı
׳ٱһ֮£ʱһ㺮˪תۼͱһѱ꣬ͷѩȴû˿ʹУֻľȻӶޱۡһƬ뱩˹֮ǿѷɫ
ϸĺȻ˵ס̫ˣԱ͵Ҷһ
ҿԼ˸ۣûиȱ۵ʦһȻĻԼ³ǲ˵
ٺ٣ЩκβǣǸոȺѩأڲԶҶһЦ
»ͷȻôȴʮֵƤʹܿΧľָ֦ɶֶϣԴԴ֮£ŮʼЩԲˡ
ֱŮ۵䤱
ȵǰɳױս֮Ůһ
󡭡ֵϿպȻѩ̵ֽ֨֨СĺӰѾг˳ֽһˡ
ЩѩǴģģʧɫ
ߣз壬κηߣȴϸСȴֶݵޡ
еѩһ֮£ǰȻһƬɫӿһɼϸС𣬽յѩ̸صסˣͷѩ̱ĺҵһ֮£֮оѾӲˣһ˵ϣˤһصƬ
ѩ׺ս£ͷѩ̸ոأͷѩ̱֮£͵س˹צӣ˺Ļ䣬֨֨˺𵴿ŮëȻҪǱ˿
ǧ缸ҧһʹѩǿһܡ
ѩɿ֮£ƬƬıѩ˹ȥһƬϸСı⣬Щħ̶ʱһ˪
ѾߵĲرɽΧɱ֮ߵѩ̡
Щѩ̼ҪˣһΧͬʬ壬ȫһҪнͷֱֱѶŮɱú䤱಻ԡ
Ůȴȫ
ͺϾ޵òûҧڵļҪ޳ˣǰ֮Уǵأһһôײеħ̣һ񣬺޲ôһйаյĶŮΪ˱סҲֻսߣȥˡ
ͬʱһմѩĭԴĵڲԶĹľ̽ԴԶȥıӰֻǺٺٹЦ
Ѿͷ¶˰ɣٺٺٺ٣
ԶĲݴУҶ¶ԴŶŮȺħΧ֮£ǱȻԶȥҶһЦ
Ȼٴȡһŵضݷɳ֮һ㣬˵֮С


093 ʥź
һƬڣҶˡͨĿ֮£µһҲ
ɽ棬ȫǼؾ޴ңȻǰɽȴǱϵ䣬Ÿһ
Ȼ˵书Ѿһּߵľˮ׼ˣҶû˱ȵġ
ȫǴؼӲĻɽҺңҶĵضݷԶݵأֻɽҿǶݲȥġ
ʱһһйȥˣҶʼϸţļһǸˣѡõطȻʲôˮأҲû÷ֻ̽ǿ֮漴Լһ󶴸
ĶڣҲҶܹ򿪵ġ
Ļɽȴܹؿ˶ļѹѾǳ˲ٿķ϶Сֻһָȴ㹻߶Ҷڵ˸飬ڣڵز㣬ҵһķ϶֮
Ҷڵ˰֮󣬲ͣûƾʯؿǵĺ񱡳̶ȡ
ڣҵҵһʵĽǶ֮ŷ϶ʼȥ
أֵ⡣
徢Ҷ룬ǰγսȻõһ
꣡ͷϵʯ屻ɱ徢һ֮£ʱһΧҲҵһ£Ҷһ漴ַһϺһ¡
ս𵶷ƥͿ֮£ʱҶһ
һʯʱ¶һϸϸѷһɳʪӿıǿ֮УҶס˺ڹһ̽Դ˼ڴ
ǰһƬڵĿռ䣬еûжٸϢԵʮֵ£һɵزľ㣬Ȼ滹ͨڵġ
ɽ֮ȴǺڹ¡˵ģֲָ͸ʯţ洫ߴߴ
Ҷȷһ飬ǾݵɵȴѾˡ
ҶһۣԼԿռ֮УͳһҹԱߵʯ棬ɢʵĹâ̾ΧĻ
ɽ֮бΪƽԱ߻ʯʯʯεԱʯϻһȻʬ
Ҷһ˿ؿ˹ȥѾήʬϣȫµ·ˣֵʳָȴһö˶ĺʯֵָλȴһӤֱ۴С硣
ʬͨȴû˿ĸϢֻͬˮһؿή
ҶһʵĽǶȣҹǶʯ棬Ȼʼϸһʬ壬ʱȻ
ʬȻѾˣǸڹǼϵһƤȴ쳣ޱȣȥ⻬һֽһ㣬ƤԼ˿˿˿ؼ⣬ʬ¶Ĺ֮Уȴǳֳ͸ɫĹ󣬷ư̥ĥɵһ㡣
ȻźǰΪ϶Ѿ˼ߵľ磬Ҳ۷ھ磬͹Ѫϴˢ˵Ч
ھĸϣΨܳϣܹתͶ̥ˣҲڸҪĴۣõģױȵǿ
ʥĸͳͻˡ
һľ׮ƵС粻֪ʲô֣Ѿ˸ѾεʬĹ֮УľԵüϸ࣬·紦Ůļһ㱥󣬼λ÷ŵѿ磡
Ҷеǣľ沼״һΣ
ܰһλʥ϶Ҳһ˲𱦱ˡҶа⣬뻹ûиҶ硣
ţҶֿʼΧʼϸѰûκֵǮĶ˿֮Сؽָϵĺʯָ
ָ΢΢һţëһѪöʯָ档
ָϸСתһȻʯָѿһѺϡﻩһѵĶ
Ʒ
컯ȭƷ
ҵ죡ҶһȻƷ书ؾ
ҶжʱܶƵؼƷɻؿеԼˣ
ٺٺٺ٣˼ˣλɵ椣ҪǰһˡҶһЦѿϵöָԼԿռ֮Уϸʼһɽ֮Уûκεĺۼжʱˬ
ҶʰЩ֮תʬ΢΢һһ¹ڣλʥһ
ݼǰˣҵõǰĵͳУмڴģҪǰĵͳ󣬲֮
˵꣬Ҷźһ£ߵ˾Ÿͷ
źΡȻλȴ΢΢
ˣһȻҶ̧ͷͷϿ۰
Ȼ֮䣬𺡹ǵüλãȻһĨ쳣ҵĺ⣬ҶüС
ƥɲǣ֮䣬Ҷ·𿴵һ޴һӰҶü֮С
Ҷһ㣬ɫɷףͨһľ׮һɫص˵ϡ


094 ȭս
ʱҶɫ쳣죬۾ʬѾ۾һ𡣶ǵü뷢ĺ·һ㣬֮ͨ䣬η˳ࡢࡢסɫ
ʱ˿̣Ҷʶ֮з·һһ㡣ոǵԼʶ֮кԼʶͬɽһ㣬̾ͱҵĺ֧飬һͷһ·˹һ㣬һ˫ѪӶݺݵصҶһɱϢ
Ҷ͵ر۾ţһƴݺݺʶ֮Уǰǵҵͬǣȴ쳣ķ˺иһе־Ҷʶ֮жʱ̰ʹʹ
ƴȭݺݵغʶ֮С
һɫһɫħһɫħһɫħһɫţħһʶ֮УøߴɣٺЦؿҶ
Ҷħµһֻһ㡣
ʶ֮ħ񷢳ݺ۳ңںХ·Ҫأǳһ㣬һʱҶʶ֮о¡ŭֻŵȵȸȻ
ҶƤؿʼҵָ΢΢ţƺҪͲסѭš컯ȭϵȭӡת
֪Ǽ߻ħʱļ
ڸֲޣһɢʶҲ֮ڸֿ޶ȭ⣬ȴᱣ
λڸȻǵΪѾ۷壬ʥ磬ǧȭȴǱʧȥ˵ȴͬ޸ĸƼһ㡣
ҶһӴȭˮһ㣬̾ҵ˼֮
Ҷȴʵ̫һЩȭ̾Ϳʼ
ͣкȻһ޴һڰ׽ӵĽȻ֡
ҵкȻһڰУţڰѸչ˿
һߴɵȻˣһһ׶ɫתֻ̧һ̤֮£ΧռȻ仯һƬ磬ڰ׶תݣҶԭѾ֧ʶ
ʶ֮зŭ˷죬ʶзŰħ񣬼˴񣬶ʱ۾ˣһ͵ȥ˺顣
ǣ˫ֻؽ̵һɲǣħѸƥ̶֮а㣬Ȼûƾ޷Ƭγɵ̶֮С
ӡת֮£ħɳͣر仯ģһţη·ڻһ㣬ҶһԲεɫ⻷
ӡתһȦ֮ɫֽٴδԻħ
ħٴĿ¶׹⣬໹ֽҪһ̵ӡٴνǻԭһģɫƹ⡣
֮£ħڳˣηηĽ£ӡת֮£ѱħҲѱ·µ𻤷һ㡣
ʶһ֮Уܣ컯ȭ⡣
ƾħǿܹ߸أôֵܵù񣡡
컯ʥԸײУ书ɵʱһԲϣͶɱˣ֪ɱ˶޵ĸ֣Ϊѹסͷ֮еĸָİ㣬˭ҲƲסˡҶ¶һ˿ȻĵЦڣȭѾҳѹѾԣܷգ
漴бڵϵıؼ޶װԼԿռ֮С
ڿԱǽʱҶж˺档
Сһָ˵ĸϵ
ͬʱԱһֱزʬϣ׷ĸڽӴһɲǣȴȻ
У뱬ݺݴҶļʵؼ˿һ㣬һմȾ̾總֮һȥ
Ҷʱʧɫ˺Щ״ĸ룬Ĺھôֵĸ˿Ҳ׳ˣЩ뾹Ȼ˿Ĳس˽ȥһֱĹ֮УƺҪ˹ˡ
ҶظӦѪ˳Ÿʳŵĸоķ·ͬһ޵׶һ㣬ʳڵľ
£ġܣҶǣȻų
æ˳֮һģı̹һ´ڡ
ͨͨһ޴ƹİϷҶĶ
ӲƥľͷȻͬͰ㣬ʼ仯ƤһŤ仯ֻϵѾѸٱһͨ𪣬쳣С˳Ҷǰ
꿦꣬һһ㲼άɽƤѣһ
Сȫǧ˿ƣ緢˿ĸҲѸ˻ȥ·һһһš
ȡ֮ģȴǻһܼɫ
Ҷ֮£ֻװ۵ľӤ۾¶һ˫ɫ·ŴɫȻؿҶ
ֻľӤϿȻҶ߷ƣ
Ҷĸ룬Ҳή˻ϵɫһһΧ޴ľɢһөɫâѸټ˹ȫ۵ľӤˣ̾ͷֵҶϴɡ
ЩľȴۿԿٶѸήȥҶҲǾ˻ɫƬƬ
Ҷȫһѣ漴һԼС˵鵽ѪƤĵزæóƿ˲ѪҩȥŻָЩѪɫ
ľӤڰУһ˫ɫؿҶ


095 ľӤ
ҶڶԪ񡣡
λףһס
ԣľ
ܣľȡľ顢ָ⻷
ҶߴСľӤоķɫ񣬼Լݺᡣ
ľӤ˫Ŀţ΢΢ɣеɫϢڿڱ֮¡
磬ԭǴ˵еһϹľ֪Ǻľȴǵǹ룬ˮ֣ľҲһصԣǾܹʳ˵ľ׳̲λʥεԵΪ֮£ؾͱеľѪ
ϧλʥ̫ԸΪԼܹƾڿʧˡ
ҶոҲЩλʥ·
µġܼ֮£Ѿԭͣˡ
ʳҶѪֻľӤȻΪҶĵڶԪ
ΨһеϧǣҶ޵ֻľӤʱǲܹǵõȵʥľ磬ܹ
ϧϧˡҶߵһľӤ
󡭡´з˳󿩿ֻľӤΧƵľƲƲС죬¶εɫ
ôҶʱЦˣʵ
󡭡СԴ
Ҷؽ˼άľӤڡ
ľӤȻ۾͵ſڣ³һűɫ֮ԼеɫľС
Ҷɫᾧھڵеı仯ССľӤȻһԪ˵ľ
һűɫıԪľԪһ¼ڴľԪ³˳
һԪ֮ľӤʱ̬ҲήԵΪί٣ҶΪۡ
֨´ϲһѾʹץһľ˴һţȻһھȥ
˼֮ѾͳһԲ״ٿȻǣһһɫĻڷ裬ٴδOO@@Ĵ˿ȫ¶סһȻ쬵ػһ̹âûҶڵԿռ֮ȥˡ
ڴɨɾ֮Ҷ漴ٴһŵضݷԭ·ص˶֮λá
ӳˡӵϴڳ֮ҶںʵĿ
ȡľ飡ľӤС΢΢Ķţһš
ΧĶĲľ·ĺһ㣬΢΢˿ҡ֦ɣǧ˿ƵıľԴԴسӿ˹
ľӤſҵһ֮£ӿıľѾһڷư˸ɾ
ڿΧЩľ֦ҶѾݰҪζѾ˺һ롣
˹ˣˣҶæֹסľӤļ
ˮܹľЩľܳɳôߴ󣬶ǿŵزѩˮɳҶԸ⣬ͷľӤȫܹڽЩľ˾
룬ǸЩľľһ
̶յʱҶͷľӤתѩɽïʢĵطųͷľӤſһͨ
ľӤ֮дںţĶеľ֮˸룬ָڵĴԪطصҶڡ
ҶûаƬɽ֮ѩˮ㣬ˮľÿžľֻǱȡ˴ľ֮󣬱ס֮漴ͷŹˣ˼
ľӤÿճ˼ȡľ֮ǰҶ
ľӤ»ܹսȴָܹ⻷
ָֻ⻷һ֮Ҷָ;ٶȺܿ죬ÿƣ֮󣬱ָ⻷һ֮£գ۵ĹڵѾˡ
ܹҶȡҶʱܵʦֵĴ
ҶõĸоҪǾԿɿʵ
⼸ȫѧ֮Уꡡ
ĥϸҶظоͷϵһֵĹذţΧа˴Ѩֲ˷λá
ֻЩطȫֵطţ޴ӿ
ھеһλȻţͷŹν֮죬мһν֮裬Իš
컯ȭȭһͼϱע˾ŹѨϵλãҲϸؽ˲쾳Ĺؼ
Ҫ쾳磬ȾҪڵͳͳҪշľ磬ĻԳ֮£һϣôṵͨ죬˳ѨⲻͣŶ
ҪڵǦҺһ㣬Ǧ岢ȡأȡ
Ȼٽǿ磬ܹһٳ׵𿪾ϣͨ죬಻;
һų׶Ĺߵľ磬һƬƬģƬһ㡣
ƷһźĹ򣬵ҶȴǼʶõķܹƤอȫϸ΢λö˼£һٶȷӵ޵޽ι
ŹҶѾоײˡ
Ҷһ׼ɽԶԼԼӰʱס
ӰȻ˭ҶǴϤĲϿ˳
ǣȻûҶͺϾɫ


096 
ղŮȻԵЩҵҲΪǱȴˣһݳķϣֶһɵ˰
ǰһճԵؿǳЦĺϾ
һɱ˹ҶŮʱɫһ
Ҷ˹ĮȻص벻Ȼš
ͬʱŮȻҲͬʱʳͬĻ
Ҷ㾹Ȼûؾһڿھ
ҵȻûƬ°ӣҿһˮԣȻĻɾˡҶס˵ؿŶŮ
ϾȻһЦʢ˹ǽһֱҶ֣ᣬû뵽
ҶЦģȻһͻһ仰Ҳ˵ˡ
ʱ˿̣ׯŮҶлϱͼļŮҪġ
ȻҸУСˣΪһϵڶ𣿡ҶɫĮصسһס˺ϾʺСһ㣬߾
ϾһѾҶס˲ӣ˰֮С
ͬʽ㻹ٶʹôҶؿ
ǣ㾹ȻԻң˵Ҹо⼸ôԾҶһƬײкͱ壬ɭɭؿ
ֺľĴȹȥͰ
ʲôʱ㡭ֻǻŲ·ϾҪ䣬ҶĴ͵һʹһǰδеĴ̹ʹϢЩûιȥʲôȻʲôͳͳʹˡ
ſҶǸȻŭһǺһһڳҶĺԡ׼ֺݡ
ҶҲһֻȻźϾһ֮£ʹ˻طƣƷ𴦣ƾһХһǧľһ㣬ײ˹ȥһѾͽ˸ײ˳ȥȻһת׼ߵ߹Ǿһ͵ز˹ȥ
һëȻĿ꿦˶ʱزҽУһ߹ˢˢ۶ˣȫȥ
˲пֶζʱ׼ֵ綼ˡ
Ҷʵж֤Ѿеɱ
ҶһĨ쳣Ĳпᣬ漴̧ҽ׼һߵ߹ǣһŲȥ
ɽ֮еĿŵļҪըҪǰȰ綼ŵ˻ȥŭҶɷǡ
СˣԻǲΪΪҶǮҶż°ĭĺϾٺЦ㣬Ի԰԰
ҶһգϾʹһڽ˿˿Ѫ
Ҷˣס֣ģԱ߳˹һѰס֣
û裬ҺءҶסʺصˣһֵס
ҶȷǵĴɣ˴ѩɽҵһЩ⳥ʮű񣡡ס֣
ڴѩɽɱµһƽѹͷϨĻãϰڹ°빦ûصܹ֮֮һˡ
ȥģһˣʮűңҶתͷЦһָһþĺϾʺ۾˹ͷ˳ڽǶѪ˿ˡ
Ҷʢŭ֮ʲôȶһ߶ȥˣһоֻٵﶼλŮǰ˳ٿȻɷףҧ´
һٿ⳥㣡ͷ亹ƴذסҶͣս
һʮ飬⣬ټ塣ҶָָϾɫ壬صβ㶪ķϵһֻ֣
ͷڵѪ
һΣʵʵʵغˣΪ̰ͼôһСˣȻҶ˲¹ͷɷǣ֪ˣ繫ƽǮӶˣҲŪֵز
ҧгݵؿͬɱҶΣ漴ݺݵժС
Ҷְ֮Ѳ㱻ĺϾſˣæס˺ϾƴذĦš
Ͼôһ⣬ţһŲӿţһı󣬾ֵؿɱҶ
Ĳϳ޴ָӡԵ쳣Ŀġ
ոĸܵˣҶʵʵضɱġ
ɱǧСˣԺñҵȻĻ´һɱǣҶصתͳȥˡ
ѩ֮УŮ֮⣬ֻʣµǸʹˡ
ʦ㣬ڣǺãϾɫ԰׵ظʺָӡɼ
ɫݵص޷ֻʦ֮Իһ


097 ϵĳ
Ůжթһʮ֮⣬թһǧϲκһǧѩνջᡣ
Ҷûѡ̾ߣ˴Ȧֱ֮ӾѡƬɽ֮Уʼ
ƾźٵ壬Ҷ֮ҵһܹȫԵۼףѩɽķˮʼ
ԴӺɴ֮ҲԵظо֮ڰжԸҶ¡Ѿõؼпڶʱͻ쾳磬ѾݳͻƵھķš
һƬɽ֮Χʮֶ͵ɽ壬ĵλ֮һػȪһɵζΧļ̲
ػů֮ʹѩɽ֮ڣʹʮֵĴΪ洦
ҶվȪԱߵƽĲݵϣغţͷȴǸľӤ
ԭվһ򵥵ĻԪ׮ĿͷϴŵľӤſСڣţȴһ޴ɫУԴԴϵؽΧȡ˹һ෢ԴԴҶڡ
ľӤӵļʮֵĺãÿ޴ޱȣҼȡҲ쳣Ĵ֮ˣֱӾԼ֮Уʵڲɶá
֮мľڸʸǴ档
Ҷ˫ʮָȻ΢΢ζظԻһΰԲһ״
Ȼ˫һգճһڵȭӡ
ȭӡһ֮Ƥͬɰһ㣬ϵѪ͹𣬸ëֱ룬Ųͣ࣬ƺʱضҪըһ㡣
ҵȭӡȻһ䣬ķһƥɽ㣬ȭӡ任Ȼֵӥצָ»һԲƥ̡
Ϊ̿Ϊؽ̩¯ӡ
ҶȻһ˫ҵ
ϨɢҵȭĴ߻֮£Ȼĵ֮лЩɢҵȭѹʼһȦһȦ
Ҷ˷·һ㣬ȶԭأȫ¼·ˮһ㣬ɳڿֻϡС
е֮Уȴͬʮ»̥һ߸߹𣬲ͣ䶯
ͬһɫˮҺһ㣬ȻֽŨͬˮ
žҶˮһɢ֧ѸٹעȫľС
ˮһǰɢҵˣһע֮ѪҺеѪܲˮѹȺżʼѸų˳
Ҷ۾³һ֮бĳȳŨڵĽҺص໹Ҫš
üͷæűѵ·һͷԱߵȪ֮Сʼϴ
һأûٴʲôװֱװͿʼ쾳硣
ȶֻ֮ԵһԼʶ֮пʼ⣬ͷ­֮һƬڣֻоŸѨ͸΢΢Ĺâ·ȽرŵĴ֮иһ㱡Ĵֽһ㡣
ȴ֮УԼԼһ΢ɲķ϶
ϣƿҶȫʶеһѨ棬漴һȡ
ʶһȭұ˳Ѫ֮£ҶͷһͷķȻըѿͷֱԶԶȥһͷһ졣
ѨɱҵȭһײյĴʱ¶һ˿˿ķ϶ϸİ׹ӷ϶͸˽
ʶ֮˿˿⴫ֱӹ˴ԵƤ֮УҶĿ
ҳ壡Ҷһ֮£ƥʶ֮еٴαһܡ
·λãڰ׶תֳͼҵתţ˷չ˿һʱ֮䣬ʶ֮У·ֻʣ˺ڰ׶ɫ
Ȼ·λãէ֣һž޴ģɫķɻȽȽ𣬻ⱩŷɻǴһޱȱҵ⾳ݺݵس˺ڰֱ˲񷣬ݺݵײ֮š
ǣһޱߵı֮ƺҪʶҪըһһ㡣һž޴ĻҵسײȥݺײһѨС
֮һӰƮƮ죬Ծۼͨڲϵؿȭ֮ɱĥ£ȴγǿȭͽܹӰľֻȭ⳹һǿĵز֮󣬲ܹһٳ֮ţ̤ĵһ
һһ𣬾޴ʶ֮лصݣƥѪ𵴵ҶͷЩͷۻظо쵽֮С
أǵ֮ԼԼһ˿״Сİ׹⣬˿˿Ƶ֮ʼϴˢʶԼʶ֮ʮ
ƤѪԼȵȣ֮£һࡣ
ҫôྦྷ˺֣
Ҷдϲ֮£һ֮£˿״Сİ׹ȴɢˣʶ֮ٴλָ˺ڰ
һεʧܣҶ漴˹ղɾã᲻ء
һȭȻƾһһ˿϶ȴάסŵĿϡٴ˾
һȭ⽫ٴκ俪һƷ϶֮һտɫ˲ڶתۼ䣬һĴݺײȥ
һǵΧһȦȦľ֣ɫȭ֮з·̺ʢ
ľȭ⣡


098 
ˣ
ľȭŻȭ⣬ײڼ£ȱ棬漴ǿȭ·׳˶͵ĸһ㣬ضס£ȱڣŽȭؽȱ
ˣˣˣˣˣҶȫ־ͷϵ֮УǴֽϣַײǴ֮ţûһ޴ͭһ㣬һɹεȴɾľԼʶ֮лصݣһʱҶֻоԼ·֧һ㡣
̣Ǵ֣ȭƲ񷣡죡죡죡
¡
ɲ֮䣬֮б״󿪣ʶ֮кȻŹ˼ȫÿһ䣬ڤڤ֮Уһʣȴ쳣ƴ֮ӿʶ֮УۻķѸɢȫ֮С
֮мǵĹâһԶ˳žŴѨϣӿѨ֮С
ͷŹӦ죬мһν֮ţԻأͥ
ˣҶ͵ס˱Ϣеġ͹ǷϢҵڵ
ŸѨһͬʱһˣһɴִඥ롣
Ӵӵйһ㣬޴ſӿ£ҶһʱֻͷԾһʱǧʹʶѸɡ
꣬ϸѪߴıǿӿ˳
ҶͷϸֱһִѪһӽˣ彩Ӳˡ
ڵһ书Ҳܽ׻ɱˡ
Ҷ֪ԼοǸˣϵͱѭ򽥽һѨһѨԼͷʶ𲽳ĳȴһȫǻͬһ˵ĺˮͻȻ̿բһ㣬Ѹپǧ֮֡
Ҷֻʶз·ǧɺ쬵ʽԼһ㣬ɵؿһ
סȭ⣡Ҷ
Ҷһʶ֮һѤ⣬һǺѤõĽⱼӿ޽ļҶľȻԭء
ŴѨ漴غ£ֻһ˿˿ޣƿƺϵķ϶
ҶȶظλȴǸ߸߹ʮ»̥һ㣬ڼëȴǲͣرѹһһɵȳҺ塣
ʱ˿̣Ҷͷһɴֱ۵ʼԴԴϵ˳ͷŹڣΧ˹ϸĴָڣȫ¡
˿˿ϸİȫëл˳
أҶͷϵľŹһеޡ
բһϣҲָСһͷܹɵĵزʹڣȫ¡
ոյ˼㣬ֻǲôһҾǱˡҶһԼıǿףɺԵѪ
ոһɲǼ˾ŴѨ֮­ǻ֮бǿ­о·ǧĸ׶Լ­Ҵһ㣬ʹˣһͣϢ֮ȻоԼͷƤ쬵ġ
Ҷ֪Լ̫ڲ֮ˡ
ո̲סҪȡһʥˡ
Ҷ룬漴ԼʶԿռ֮Уȡһƿܹ˲ѪɢԼͷϵѨĦֻ֮ѪɢͿĨˣֲͣĴţȻȡһƿѪɢ̷ȥŻ³һ
ͷϵһɹڹ˳ʱĿй֮ȴѾƽŴѨеĴִؾγһ״С
ԶԶȥͷ֮Ϸ·ͬһִ
һһͶ֮䣬Ҷо洢ھڵҵ𵴣ϸ˳ȫë緢ԼԼΧ֮УȻһ塣
ȣҶȻ̧˦žһر죬кȻһˮĿ쭽ΧĲݴԶһƬ
ֻԼ׳ŸѨ󣬴ﵽľ֮Ϊһǧ
ĪǾǴ˵˺һľôԣ˵˺һľӦǡҶüͷ˶˺һ֮С
Ҷǰڲؾˡھʮ񡷹ǿ˶ʮĸѨΪֻڵѣʵʿȴô£ͻ쾳֮ʮĸѨͬҲֻܹͨǲŹоôԣôˡ
һ֮ͨھʮѨ·໴Ӥһ㣬ͣغţʼԴԴϵΧҶֻอ˿˿ģһ쳣ܵ
Ҳǿ˵Ҷڵ쾳粢ܹĽȫѨ׵͸Ĵﵽ˺һľء
ȣҶȻһһʼ֮Ȼһһӻһһǽ档
ֻ顱һȵ̾ͽѹһ֮ΣȻը˿
һƸĴҶõǱ徢˹
쾳֮ڵͿʼӰת
ľ硭Ҷֿ̧ԼӨƣ漴˳˼֮С
쾳֮ԵľԼܹպ֣ǺɢҵģܷգҪһʱ䣬Ϥ쾳硣
ȶ˼


099 ͯͯŮ
˵ʵѾӵˡ񹦡컯ȭнƷ书Ҷʮˣ֮к纣ĵ伮˵ȴȻǳҪ
˵ǰõھʮʽ쾳˼á
ˣõĵ࣬ҲͨҲһƬ̹;ħҲ
ǰ֮ǰ񾩳Ѿ֮һ¥ڲĹ±伮ҶоĶϤŽƧѧʵ۶޹ѧţ״Ԫ֮š
ڴԽ֮Ҷھ˱ݺιص֮ŵӡ֤书ľľΪȴǸһ¥
Ҷڲ书Ӧ֣ߵķҲݵİ˾Ųʮ޵ֻΪһλ޸֡
һɹ޵ߣһɰٴĴؽһܹ΢ġ
书顭ʱȷһŰɣ򲻴ﰡֻ¶ڽΪҶʰһԼȳһ
ûͻ쾳֮ǰҶҪ뿪ɵģͻ֮ҶظоĲ֮ɵ伮֮п϶˹ϵķţȱõ伮ܱԼäϹҪõö֮࣬еĵ伮ǲܹ׷ˣҪόٵȴһϴѵ⡣
űόͲͣ˴Ҷȥġ
Ҷ뵽ذŪеһֱֻ۴ϸϲκһ亣СѩֻϲֵΣǷڷǿǵıǷŵɵ֮УȴҲ㲻ʲôɵҩ֮оֲ
Լҩȥ٣όǰ˸ЦŹ֡
ҶԽռУȻľӤʱһԴ¶һ˿ϲ֮ɫ
ˣôˣµĻܣµĻܽҩ˾飡
һϲǲֵǮһϲλѩɾεСأǲ˵ˣ϶мУֵǰ
һҶæԽ֮еĳе£˷ܵص£Ļܣҩɾ
ںĴ˯õҶٻ֮۾ŹǷ˳һСŮģľӤľ˿̱ˣȻЩˬ
ųط˳ؿҶһۣ⼸ľӤ˲ľףʹҲɵĸ߽űСһ߰ߣġҲס
ôȥҶСĿܽߴ
󡭡Ӧ˳װ׵Сζ֮£ɫĹ⻷˳ֱǧϲκǧѩ档
ǧϲαµġ⻷һգԭ׳·һ˸ĴֲڱƤȻʼžıһСС״ڲڲͣļ澹Ȼ˿˿Ƶİ
ҩȫһŨŨĽȴּ˿˿Ƶɫ󣬻һһ㣬ʵʵġ
ʱ֮£ǧϲȳ˷ӦֻŨ֮žһ죬¶ϲδ׳壬겻ͣ䶯ŵϲξѾʵһ㲼ĳªǣһһ߰ߣͨװֵСޡ
СͷϲϸСĸͼƬ̵ĲҶһ˫綹С۾һ֮һ˫ֵĶȶ쭣ɽ֮Уʱ͸һɲβݵֻһţʱ˸еĿ
ͬʱԱߵһ걻ѩ׻ŵǧѩҲ˷ӦĻ֮¶ԭˡ
ѩһСŮͷϸһ׹˻ϸ٣ɢһѩȻһѩ׻꣬ƺ״ĳ
ѩͯŮ֮һ˫ƵʼɿɵڿлһѤĹâ磬һ㷢һ󿩿ЦԱߵϲͯӶʱһʣڿпʼ裬ʼĲֺ
ٺ٣ˣôһҩγɵľޣ֮£ҲҳڶԶҶһԷ۾µޣдϲ漴ͨĿϸһԡ
ϲͯӣ80/80100/100ܣضȡԽס
ѩͯŮ50/50120/120ܣԽס
üһСȻԽˣҶգգ۾ѵ¼ȡľɵģ


100 ¥
Ҷһ˶İů紺ɽ֮˳
ɢŵĺ
Ҷ⴦ˮصɽ֮дʮʱ䣬ȹסڵҩͯͯŮȹסΣ漴ԼѩƳһµСͯͯŮ˽ȥ
ӭһ󺮷ĿһƬããѩԭ
Ҷ˽ϵİ³һںתʩչṦ
סڵԶ͸ƳϢҪ׿סɰɾ֮ҪԼľ׳
֮кȻһ
ҶôкȻһ쳣öһ쳣Ϣ
Ҷ̧ͷԶһµӰ
ʱ˵ǰȴվһɴŮӣŮ渲ɴɫǽ
Ůǰϥһ㡣
Ůͷһīɫķڣһɫѣƶ̤һ㣬ֻ񻣬۲ģȻʲôеĵӡ
ȴվͺϾҶӶʱ
ԭҳˡ
ǰŮߵĺϾŮҶʲô˹漴΢΢۾˿˿ɱ
Ҿǣʲô飿ҶһȻԭСˣôҪҳĵǲ֪Ϊô
㡭Ůʱֱ£̧ŭָҶ
Ҷ֣һݡ
ǺŮһȻЦһһ٣Ȼƣ׼Ҷһѹ

ǰŮͷȻȽȽһֺգ·ܹһйһ㡣
ҶȻоΧȻǰؼƺֻʣһīĺգҫķֺյչؼĹѸΧ߷·һֺոһ㡣
ʴӡ
ҶʶȻһƬֲָޱߺڰ֮УʱЩˡ
ԼԼ䣬ȻоüľҵƺŨīĺڰƺһֻ֣ʶ
һ֮£оȫеʼüλӿȥ
Ҫȫе
úݶֶΣŮҪԪŪ
ߣҶ˫ĿȻһǿҾâ˿˿̧һָ
üϸ΢ĵ˸Լһ޴ɣ
һεɨ˹ȥȻըѿһǰһֺշ·𱻴Ƶľһ㣬ʱǧٵ״Ѻһ˿ٴ¶ա
žʴӡʱҶȭ𵴵ķ飡
Ҷǰڰըѵķ飬»ָһƬǰʱǸ̬ĵĺŮӡ
ǸŮƺһа㣬ĺ¶˲ŵɫͳʵʲô򣿡
ҶЦϻ̫ˣ
ҶѯʣȻǰ̤һ̧һָһȣһ㱬ҵ¡¡ػ˹ȥ
µԣ۳һ㣬ͬǧ˲䷢ʯһ㣬ֱͦͦغ˹ȥ
֮бҶȭһڱ¡¡ޱߵ֮⡣
ŮӸеһɫش䣬Ȼ̧һ죬е͹ŵĵȻ
һƬԲε¹⻪ˣһӨӨİԲΡ
һ͵شƬ棬һһһ¾ͽܸ˿
Ůӽ͵һеĵ϶ʱϸķ۵ĹӨӨ»ʱ
ҶһȻһ
ŮӻʧɫһĨ𾪵ɫ΢΢׵һҲȥˣȻ˼ҵĵȻ֪ء
仰תͷԱ߶Ů˵ϾŮʱʧɫˡ
ҶְȻЦǺ˰ɣȻҴԲѵ˵ŹңߺߣϷŹңȴϷŹ㣡°ɣ
˵꣬Ȼֱͦҵһըһ߰˲Ϣǰһͷ
¥ŮһĨȻ̧һ֮£ƽؼȻһƬŨܵĴЩȻͬˮһ㲨ݣתۼͻ㿹Ӱ泵ˮƺӰһ㡣
רſߵķһʹ֮ƽصˮڷĴ߻֮£ͻӰ˸ֲʵα
ҶȴǺεˣʱ֮ои书ûиַӡ֤֮£ȻҲݳ˸ַõƳķ
ޣ÷ҲʩչҶЦһǰֻ΢΢ͣһ£յʣٷɻһȦΧƻ˰ƣ˵ҵƷ
糱ˮؾ糯˷ҿӿ
һƷĺХĿ·ص˳ˮɢӿһ˲֮£ΧˮڱɲεĿһɨա
ѾľˣʮĲ˻طһƿƴ򶯵ĿγľУʵзĿǡ
ʱ˿̣ǺŮȴѾ׼˵


101 Ʒ֮
һ̧ʮϺɫķĺںһ㣬Ҷ͵˹
ЩɫķһֵƣΧϺɫĻ״
ڿҶһɲǣЩɫķȻȼһشĵĶ棬Ҷҵظ˹
Щڿб仯һĹߣζеоӡ
ʮϺڷףŮķһŽɷ𡷵ķǾۼеɷ֮Ϊ棬մȾϲᱻƣᱻʴʮֵĴַֻһȱ㣬Ǿױߵơ
ЩϵƣŮרһȺߣҩʹӵһԪԣȻ֮ǰط߻˷֮У̺֮ǣһ˿ԣһߵľ޺Чˡ
Щλһ֮£Ȼо˿ɭɭģͬҹ֮гûһײУ˶ɵĶ񶾡
ƣҶ漴͵һ޺
ЩĻڿһҲ𵴵ĺһ֮漴ӿ
Ҷ趯Ϯӻ裬Χɷɱҵĵһ֮£ʱһӽ˲١
ŮӿЦҶ֣Ҳòǳɫɷȴһרſ
ҶŭеһƬع⻡һ͵غӶ
ЩĻ汻֮ȴ˿ɢөһ㣬Ҷ͵ط˹
ٺ٣ΪסôһУоҶЦ֮гһ¡
һǿڵ֮ˡеƿ
ԶԶȥ³Ҷɵһ㡣
ҶٺЦţеͣϢȫһһ֮£ΧǵɷʱҶ˹תۼҶеĵѾһֻ˶ޱȵĻһ㡣
ȼǵɫ棬һ˵Ĺ졣
٣ҶȻ̧һǰ̤֮£ɳɳɳرȻ缤ǧ˰㣬͵رһ㣬ȻӶһɳ֮ڡ
ĵɳһĥһ֮£˿ҲӲˡ
Ůɫѿ
ǺॣҶס˵ֻ̧һԲȦһͷֻһƿ죬һɫ
ɵܱǵ֮ȴӲһȦȦ磬¡¡
һһɾ޴ĵ⣬·׹Ӷ䣬Ե籡
꿦꣡зһһ֮£ʱҵر˿˲ըѳĵǡ
Щɷ𣬾Ȼ˿˺Ҷ֣
Ҷ漴̤һٴο¶ԡ
ɱҶٴκȳ漴Ȼһһ
׳ɽ֮УһаԾ
Ҷڲؾ֮нֹ˼Ʒϵй׹ı⾳Լ⳹׵Բľ磬ʱĵ⾳ѾԶԶʤⱬκаֱӷ顣
Ҷңңһ˹Ůֻһ쳣ҵԵзһֱ㹥Լʶ֮УȻըѿ
Ů͵ŻһѪʱɫҰףۼҶͬͻһ˹ʱʧɫ
ٳɣȻһХ֮£еĺһ֮£ʮ糯Ҷ˹
Ҷӭ˷ƻ磬һǽжʱŭ
ƣҶζȻתʹ˲裬ʮҵĻ˳
ҶƼʮ֮ǺŮѾɵ˲ԶһСɽȥˡ
Ҷжʱŭ书ʱ޷Сɽˡ
ר书һ㲻á
񹦣־Ȼ˾СŮˡŮɫص
һԾˣͦ𣿡Ҷְ̯ס˵۶ɣ˵ͷɱΪ΢Сʵҵĵֵ˼ϧϣҲδҵĶ֣ʮ֮ڣɱ練ƣٺ٣˵㻹ûв쾳磬ܹԪϣҲסҵ
Ҷ¶һĨײеζɭɭɱȵŮɫ΢䣬̲ס˼
ոѾҶ˼Ԫ񣬿ԳӭУҾϣֻҲδֵܹҶ
Ůɫ΢䣬ǿ΢ЦҶ˵Цˣλʦ֮䣬ʵЩᡣ


102 ٷ粨
Ҷ˵Ц˰ɣŮӵԻȻȥرɫߵҪǸסҶֵĹƣҶˣ
Ȼ˵ͨĻǾͲٶϻˡҶзһĨɫ˹صȻҪңǽҷҪɱ㲻ɣ֮ϵķ䲻Ͷҵˣ
еһ˵𵴵ΧҪըѡ
ŮӵӶʱˣʵڵ͹ҶƷС
ҶҪǮҪ
ֱͲҹӺŵӵоˣֱåоǿһֱӡ
Ůҧгݵ롣
˵ոʩչİʴӡҵǺܸȤҶٺһЦ˹ָŹˡ
ʴӡŮɫٿȻһ䣬ߵҶ֣δ̫˰ɣΪߣȻҪ
ϻ˵Ҷŵ˫Ŀⱬصһ仰ǴӦǲӦӦĻؼھߣӦҾʹǵʬˣ
㱣֤ŹңŮҧ
Ҷĳ˵㻰ҶȻ
Ůӽҧ֮ɫݺݵҶһۣ漴ԼɽȡһŲƵƤֵֽ̧˹
ٺ٣⻹ࡣҶٺһЦȻ̧һץһסƤֽϸĶһּ΢΢˵ͷðɣǿˡҷŹǣ´μǵñײҵ
ŮرɫݺݵһţҶһۣҧгݵصߣ

Ҷѩɽһ·ɽ
ɽڴѩɽλãΧûʲô׻ʳֻһЩһԴһĴ䣬ȫȻû˿̻֮
ɽϵʮֵĳḻп˶һˮԪʮֵĳḻόķˮϵΪɽ϶όֲҩ޵硣
όɽ۵λãɽĴȥˣһ̻Ի͵ĴԶԶȥͣӿό֮УɫƣƮƮ
ɽ֮Լɼɺװ¹Ծ
ό޵֮вɱ֮ƹڣҩƵģɶн飬ҲԵ޹ʵĺόԹ֮ԸŽԹԭҪΪɽеԴόż˳ͻɱ֮όһֱռˡ
όϹ޵кպ̩ɽھΪƽȻвǰձȻ
Ҷߵɽ֮󣬸ŵŮӣ֮󣬿ɽŵĵӽӹһԭЦ̾ͱˣݺݰһۣ漴ɽȥ
û˶
Ƭ֮½½˼ǰصı֮ͣ̾ͱȥˡ
ΨҶɰȻɽ֮£ĺš
ʱһһعȥˣѾƮǵѩƬ̣ѾҶһ㡣
ŵŮ̲ס̵λŵ֣ҿ㻹ǻȥɣŸόϵһӣϹǲ̤빬Ű벽ġ
ң²ðɣҶȻһЦӭŷѩصİɣŹ󹬿϶˽ģόôҲŴɣϹһʦһ֮˵ؽҲûУʦ֮ƣɾЩͽˣϹôܻԼ
ŵŮһʱľһ㡣
Ȼһ֮󣬵õϢόϹƤЩҲסˡ
һɫƥȻӴ֮зתۼͻһιţ쵽ҶĽˡ
дһϵԭźٵĵӵˣȴόʧҶֶ빬
ҶȻһЦ̧̤棬΢΢һ类סһ㣬޴ĹŶʱ󻺻˹
ԼĪɳʮ󣬾ԶԶ֮дŵһĴόŮӣ˴Щߴֺ꣬ȴ˼ž¡
֮еƻͨȻԣȴһͯպ׷ϸ۾䣬ŴҶ
ҶְݵµҶݼϹƽ֮ǰףϷ˴٣ףϷ²ɺ׳
ڳʱ䳡Ҷɫƽ˿˵ıֻ֣жϷˡ
ϹҲԼʱ꣬겢ʮӢϵ߸Ӳ֮һǿҺԣȴû˿˵һֺȻĴ緶ƣл˿ӡ
Ϸ׵һµòŮӵʵҶ֣ڹеκְ
ҶЦ֮һԺĴִ¡
ִ£ǺǡµŮЦһԷ̵صǷˣȻ֪ҼϹף٣ȻɳôһΪӵСǰ񣿡
ҶֶһЦԲӣҶĳ˵ݣŷԺִ£Ҷϼˣƽ̺ͼλϣ϶ʮʺǰό¾ûƴǡ
òŮӱҶ򣬶ʱһϣ˵ˣֻصغһ
ҶⷬѾݣόҹˣټô£ǾڱԼҵĹˡ
ţȻ񾩳ҶϼӵܣԱߵϹ̧Ƥһ˫ǵУɫʱ
ҶϵϿǳһλھֵģ֮⣬Ҷ߹ٱԺգۼ׼ӰҶȻһָ
ȻҲҶϵϵҶЦ
һһŮصҶϼʲôѵ㻹ΪݣﻹԹô
˻޵ĳʶѵҶôҶҲ޵֮ˣֻǼһϸμң˴ǰȡݸߵ͡ҶתͷϹЦìܹìܣһСҾϹȴ޵̩ɽҼƽ̶ϹΪ٣򲻿ʧƽΪؿǣ϶³ңоزܹȫҲʣԲǰϺ񡣡


103 ص
һ˵Χ΢΢׳仰ؾᣬƤ׷Ϲ۾΢΢ףҶһԴνչֳһӵܵʹǣӲʩ򣬼ҶǰССһֱìͷָϹ
ôȡȥԵϹСˡ
Ҷ֪Ϲӵ⣬˲Ӳشǵ棬ȴû˼档
ϹתͷԼŮѵһ䣬ѵˣ٣ܹһǰѾͷ˿ɲǴ֮
Ա˾Ҷ񵥵ŷϺϲͯһ꣡ѩͯŮһ꣡
֮ڳеıͶʱһϹҲ۾ԡ
ϲͯӣѩͯŮʲôϡ
ҶЦʵϷˣǱɳڸѩɽеʱ򣬷ֵһѾγɾҩ
Ŷڳ˲λñɫˡ
ڳıͶǳǧ޵ңʲô˲ѩ֮ĶϡѾɾεҩֻӴ˵ܹεĲβݣҪʱ¾ֵĿ֪жôѣžȻһξó
ֱ޵ҲǼ亱ˡ
ڳеıͰͲסеľˣһΧ˹ȥֻмһֻУ߼ȴ̵һĵɰҩۣһֺϲͯӺһοɰѩͯŮ粢粢УںȻ˯Сͨ岻һ߶ߣװ֣˯ĹУʱʱСӣһ㣬ԵΪ̬䣬ɢ˿˿ƢҩȴĿ
ڳ˽ͷӶؽ̸ţԱ̬Ҷ޲ҶĴֱʸˡ
Ҷͳһ̾ѹ˵
Ϲ漴ȥ˲豭ص͵ʵЩ̫ˣϲͯӣѩͯŮĺόֲҩҲֻϴĿȴҲδһֻ
Ϸ޵̩ɽҵѡ֮ȻҪϷ˵ǡҶصһһ䣬ӵܵӺݻɵȣҲϹøС
Աһ๬װŮӺȻ䲻õصܹΣ֪˶ͻԵѾ֪ʶĲľǻСôȥȷʵá
һ䲻ʱ˵Ļڳ˶ͣ¶ЦЦɫתͷҶӦ
Ҷǵû¶֮ɫƴЦС˵öԣǺ޵ߵı֮ġС㷼
Ϲ΢΢ЦѾͷҵͽˮ顣
Ҷݵ΢΢һЦ漴̾ҲλԾ鱾һͬγɾΪһͷ׷ϣɵĳϲɼҩʱ֣ʹ֮Уκɱ֮óҩֲҲûһɳķˮأۿСս㲿ήƽҲʵĲ̣ƽҽһΪϲ˵ҲϣѰһ֮أƽ˵ֻҩόŻд˸أܹô˵ҲСҶĳΪСˡ
Ҷ漴ЦԹԣҲǲСȥҩɣ
ˮޱصȲ֮£όȥ
˵úãСȷˡԱߵϹʱ΢΢ףҶﲻɳϹͬı֮ģȴûʧɵ档ν֡
ߣ黫֮ͽһԱǸŮӴ΢΢һƲЦһ漴Ͳˡ
Ҷüͷ΢ԵشŮӵ֮͸һɷĵʹ޺
Աߵ˲˶֮ˡ
Ҷ΢΢һЦתߵһȥˣ֮»ָҶʱֻ֣ҶȻ˷ͷźόϵѣԵό׽ɶҶ
鷨гɵˣפղϣڳ֮ӿഺ٣ȴ඼ѾʮˣеѾǶ֮ˣǿΪᡣ
Աתһ꣬ҶҶ֣ףӷ硣ˡ
ԭף֣ҶˡҶ֮ǰϵģɺԼɵĹϵһ򶼼ãжʱ˼С
ףӷȫһսѵı飬ЦҶֿҪǿˣɺόԹʱ򣬻ƽ̾еϵأʱûٱ˼йһͨ
Ҳ̨ǿȥɽº˰ѩҪǳ༤ֻϹҲˡҶļ
ףӷһжپ˲٣ЦұΪλùɳϵļλӵǰأҺ͹ŵļλϵӵܶʶ
ҶЦʵҲ̫ãֻ˼΢ѣڼλϵӵܲϤֻƽΪغ٣ر¶ѡ
ԭˡͶ֮£ףӷ漴һҶļˣЩĵ£Ҹ鼸λͬҶʶһ¡


104 όֶ
ҶʮĵЧװ֣ɰϲͯӣСѩͯŮһ֮ΧıΧϲιһȦ֮޲棬ڳ˲ι˸֮漴ͱόͰ಻סСﻶϲصĸ˹ȥȻԼҵҩ֮С
µӳʣǰϹ١ⶸȻһ
һںڵӰſڴŤһ£תۼϷ˵ǰ籼һ㣬ƮƮ˵С
ǰΪӢľޱ飬һɫۣؿһ˶ͷԵΪ׺
֮ڳ˶üͷˡ
ħһϵɣ˵ƽ粻񣬵ԴħһϵȴĲټƽǶʥΪĸɶԸйû뵽ʱھȻ١
ڵĵӣϹһ˫ü΢壬žصţ˾ǿˣɡ
Ⱥ֮Ѿ˿ʼСˣħ̲ħ̣һ͸ոλҶ̫Զˡ
ҶÿɷЦЦ
ϲ鷢ˣʺȻĿһǺһʷɳ籼һֱԱ˽ӡ
ৣһϸ΢Ľ֣꼸죬Ա߷̵Ӵֲ֮£ؿ·Ȼˣ滮һ÷
㣡λȻǸޣӦԶԶ죬һ¶ʱ˴Ǻˡ
ʻսľޱؿҪ֣ʱ㡣
ǱӶʱͨ죬վͶ޺޵һڣתһȥˡ
ٴλָԭ֣ûһԸ̸Ҳ⣬ֻһλƷόĵĲˮˡ
ףӷ֮£Ҷʶ˼ӵܣ̸⼸ɵӵܵĸĸҪְݸ߹һҶûʲôɽҲô߹󣬶ʱ˼ֽ
ǻϻһ֮ҶǷḻԨѧʶͶһĶ⣬ʱЩӵǴ۽磬Ȼ𾴣˲֮ģλĵӸĸо
ףӷ翴һɫ漴λҿɫѾˣǲȥ֮Ҷ۵
λ̸ŨĵЩɨˣ׷ɢȥˣԱһֱĳʣȴһĨ⡣

όһƫԺ֮С
ҶɫЩڵؿǰػԱ߸·СŮзһ˿֮⡣
όĵطԶı;ŵƫԺ֮Ϣ
ƫԺ֮кɻѾɺԣʯʯ沼˸Ӳݺɽʯ϶жһһͷҰһӲġ
ĴֽѾõˣ͸硣Хݡ
ֻһʯͲ˻ҳĲ豭ΰʶѡ
ҵķôҶƫƧС᷿Цһð൱
СŮƳһۣܽغߵ֪ͺãרŸŵ׼ķء
ãҾסˡҶ΢΢һЦתһ磬ʯɨɾˣȻһƨ档
όҲʵ̫˰ɣףӷ翴ΧĻŭˮϷҲ޵еǰ͵ģֱΪӣ
ҵá
Ҷ¶һ˿ƻ΢Цصף֣벻ɱɱό棿
Ŷףӷ۾ʱһԴ빬˵۶ŮЩŮǵ䳰ȷҲͱһӻˡ
ҶյĶĶ˼䣬˶ʱٺټЦ
ףӷʱ֮㵸ֲ֧֮سȥˡ
Ҷ治ɫס
ʮλŹϵӵܵԼ̸᷿֮˵ء
Ҷ˲ѧţ̸۶δŵȤʡļӵܽζֻǰƬ֮⼸ŵĸǾܲҶ᷿֮еĿẮŽڷʹת˼Ȧ֮ڰ಻ס׷ѡˡ
Ҷʯϣҿ˷һ
ѰľˮҲƽĲȣ⻹Ҫġ
ģҲǱģ滹һӡ
ŵĸһόȻ˴ͣʱɫҲЩѿҲ׷ˡ
Ҷغ˷УЦһ˵ͷˡ
תͷӲǱӣ۾۾СŮصл󹬵òˡ
òˣʲô˼СŮһ
ϾǡҶ̧һ̵صҿ£绹ûҪ͸᷿֮ˡ
о仰ͷ㴫ӡҶתͷص
όôҲ޵еĴˣȻֵز𣿴ˮûУõطдˣǺǣҶĳ˴۽ˣ޵еһ澰ҶĳѾ͵ŵҲѾˣҲͲסˣǣ
ǸҶСŮĵУζû뵽ҶȻôѲ仰ȻͰһ֣ʱվԭز֪롣


105 ô
Ҷ飬СŮɵۡ
СŮ˼Ȼ²ⲻ͸ҶжʲôǽǰҶı֣еıϢ
СŮʱɵصҶӣ㲻ȵȵȡ
ҶһۣζЦǺǣ⵹ǲˣֻϹǶѣ󹬵дǳãҶĳ˻ȥ֮һɵݻ
˵꣬û˵תͳ᷿Ժ˳ȥǸ޴СŮһ£漴˶ţתͷɱ˳ȥ
һ·Ҷѩ÷ӵܣеĳ󷽷ЦŴ˸кתķƵķό˹ȥ
Խ԰ִʱ
һӰȻҶǰϴһ˿ŭ⡣
ϯϸҶʹӵŮӡ
Ҷᣬƹ֮󣬴󲽳̨ϵ̤ȥ
ҶվסŮӶ˶ٽšŭ
ҶᣬֱӴǵͨݡ
Ҷ纮˪ߵҶĳ˲ľżߣҲҪԣŲԶǧܻԹǿϹ޵е֪ǰߣΪõӦû밡û뵽όҲˣ
ڿȫŮҧ뿪Ͳʧˣ
ҶЦһζصʧѾţόҶҪٴȥֻ²ʧ񣬺ǺǣҶĳˣ
Ҷǰ˼ص񣬲Ϊ˱ȫŵڣόڳ⸱ʧľͲţόˣҶҪôƤǿɾҪˡ
һһڣ֮
ȻόʧҶĳرȻûӦ÷Źĵո˼ӵܵĿģΪ˰
ƼȻѾ˸ʮʮôľͲŵҶǵ˵όô뿪όҲ˳£Ȼˡ
όЩδСŮôùҶУ
סͨˮ󣡡Ůֱţؼһ
Ա߻УӰȻȻԾ˰˸ŮӣҲûʲôˮˢˢػ䳯Ҷ˹
ΧȻѩƮ裬˹ȴֲʧҶҼѹ˹
όˮϵ£ŮӿˮķѾ۷徳硣
Ϊֶܵסң˻ط磡ҶЦһ̧͵һƻ缤֮£һεХ
ҵ͵ѹ㿴ƱˮɴϣΧˮɴ¶ʱسһͨ
Ҷ˫ֽһ˺ƬˮƶʱĲ˻ط˺
кȻһˮ֮ص
һƬƥˮӿ
ӨԾˮڿת֮䣬ͻһɫˮξҶ˹
Ҷɫһһš֮£κȻͬһ΢΢𣬽¶ϵ̧һ˦
ˣһ´򱬣һƿճХ
ɼ絽λãһǽ֮Уһ쳣ƿմ̻ƿվУһɱȭ⣡
ˮ·ܵһ㣬طһˮ˵ˡ
ҶֲҪżߣһˮƵɴƮǰסȥ·浾֮Ů˼ֳ죬ˮ顣
ˮ̧ۿһĨ֮ɫ
ˮԻһЩصҸոҲ˵飬ŴҴҸû뵽ӾȻֺͿ
Ҷ۾죬ֵȻˮѾҶĳ˸ˣҶĳ˴ţ񣬶όţҶĳԼɵ棬һƤȥȥ֮ƽƱҲԭңҶĳ˻Ǹǵĺá
֮ҶִдĪҪһʶˮҶ΢һѾ׼һϺõ᷿빫Ƽǰ
Ҷ˦䲻õصǺǣ˵Ҫ£˵߾ߣ㵱Ҷĳόū𣿡
ˣڲǸ裬衣ҶᣬֻЦֻ֪ҳǰ٣ȴûеõӦ˵ѣҶĳȫȴ˴ⲻҶĳʧ񣬶όʧӦ˵Ҳ޷ǲġ
ҶѸһǰķ񣬿ʼͱ
Ҷ֣ѵҪܵ𷣣ĸʲɣˮζû뵽ҶȻѲֵزüͷõصǺðɣǸ
㣡Ůɷף
죡ѵ뵽񹬱չΪƽ׶˱棡ˮ鲻ŭ֪ôŹ֣
ŮһҪȥչܷʱʹ˸䣬֨ˣֻǺݺݵҶһۡ
ƤȴֻЦһӶ
ˮΣҶҶ֣֪£׼δ
ҶٺٹЦһŮһɲĸо


106 ޸
λûȤΣҶĳιһόأҶ¶һ˿ƻ΢ЦֻС꣺Ҷĳ˾ό񹬡С¥ѩʤһֱԵüжλ飬ٺòˡ
ŮɫȻɫ䡣
ˮǸһЩֻɫѣŮܻضŵΣ
ŮδĹңҶȫ֮⣿
Ҷ˵ͷȻˣǾ͵ʲôû˵ˡ
˵һӣתҪȥ
顭ǴӦˡˮҧֻܸưͿǡҪҶëëţҲ
Ҷ֪ܵصģҶһӣڲֵġ
Ů͵վסΣˢˢתޣ
ðɣλǰ·ҶϴŲεĵһ̧֣˸ơ
ˮŮӺһǰ·ҶȴǴҡڵ˫ֱյؼԽûм䣬ΧɫԼء
һ·ҶֻҪʶ߲ɵӣ漴ͣ˸к䣬ҶόŮΧʱʱһĽͶʼɵżдĵӷɳһʱͰѸδľɫŮķɷףŭȴ޷
Ա߸ɵĵӶʼɵļҪˡ
߾ȻλŮ飬ô㲻
Ҷȴ裬ص˱˾ˣӲλŮҪӲιόһȦͣ
˾һ֮󣬶ʱόѾҥԷ׷
ҶҲûдȥ׷λŮԾͰǵһԴѾԹҶԹ޽ĸһЩֻҪԼܹؾͺá
չֳǲƽȵغͶ̸еġ
ͱǧգɰٴ˴
Ҷķֻ֪ܲҶƤĳӲŮɱ˼ӰĿӶŮжѻˣҲֻĬˡ
ոŮҶȴѾ˻
Ҷ֣Ӧù乻˰ɣˮǱȱӻߴõĵ֮Ѿ˼㡣
ŶˡҶһԴ˸Ȼ״ٺٹЦһλǰ·
ˮŮˢˢظһףҧĥݵϴˡ
ҶǨ¾ӡ
µ᷿޵Ѿʰˣ˺еİƤӣʵذ壬ԱߵĻ֮ͭװڵĲˮһɵ㴫ˡ
ҶһС˵־ģŮȦ΢΢ˣҧһ裬ɤҶӣ˴СŮʧˣ빫Ɑ裬СŮ
ҶҡڵȶƳһֽ̧ۣ˹ſһˣ¾ʹ˽ҹҲĳӲҶĳݲͬһϵŵòˡ
ǵ͵ĵ˱ԡ
ߣŮӺݺݵصһۣȻע⣬ɿһŲ˳ȥݺݲҶĽֺͷϡ
˻Ҷһ
Ůתһɱȥˡ

Ů֮ҶζƷόѩѿ裬ȶڿϣϸһ컯ȭ͡Źϸ˸ͨ͸˼
컯ȭȭѾ6ľ磬ȭ֮Ѿܹݻ֮еȴ
ܽʮľ磬ǵھС
ͬʱŵˡ
ҶôǺǣףӣ
ͥԺ⣬ȻһӰһӰ˦˴߽ҶͥԺɽףӷ硣
Ҷְ㻻᷿Ҳ̫ˣͥԺ͸һƬ֣ոףҿǶϴȦӡ
ףӷЦ빬ֵҶֲǲѧţһ޸ǳտǴ˷ͷόڵŮȻӦͬʱҶȫ⣬޸ǳףĽĽ
ǺǣҶ̲ص
˱ˣֵ·ȴС޸ǲƽ
ҶļЦ˵λôҲ벻ȼƻйؼǿףˡ
ˣˡףӷһӣЦϴҶ۵֮ףĳδҶֻ᷿ˣǸþһ𣬺úõ÷۵һ񲻿գ
ŹڱʦȻĿͬʱŹʩҪ֮ڵķ书ϡ
֮ãӷ֡ҶЦЦеӷӣǷʲô
ҶֹȻǲѧšףӷĴָ͵ĽȻڵһƷ书


107 ħڽ
ƷҶʵĹ𣿡
⵹ǣһλķĵʿ£ϰһȭһƷĹٺķ˴ƹڣѡУʦ֮󣬾ͱѡڡףӷ̷ЦǺǵص
Ҷ֪дƹ׼һ֯ҵרŴ˼׵ĵӣҹٻµ¼ȡ
ٻӵҲǶһǴ竣ܶٻҵӵܵУӵҲǱ˾伮ģĵӶڵһƽӵܸ͸Ҳͻƾ磬ףӷȫţּѡ
Ŷϴ͹ǵˣףܹ־أӦʲôɣ
ףӷЦʱԵɺϣԹһǧѪƾ
Ҷ΢ݣѪƾǼ亱ֻƾҩԼ䴿󲹣ǻԵɺϣܹڼ֮ɳĻƾͻ̺ԣֻҪǧֱ֮ԴѪƾϾͻὥѪһѪ˿ҽӵһЩͨ˵ݵͨһݾʮʦΪĸ֣Ѱͨ߸Բ׽ףӷܳԵֺѼҩҲĪĻԵ͸ˡ
ѪƾҩԼң˵Ѱˣʦ˾صǳˣ̾ͻ鲻ܲȶѾγѪɫĻƾȴǼȡ¾ѾЭˣӵбܵʶˣ޵̤쾳һ㣬ȥ֮ҩȴǼ󲹣ص鲻ܲ
Ҷ֣ǳόŵʱҼǸʽһ书ԹĽʱĽϴɭɭϢ˲̫Ҷʶ㣬֪һɵĽ
Ҷ£鼮˼Ƭ̣ɫصħһϵĽħĽǽʵΪȣħ书ÿÿһɱ٣ͻᾫһ㣬ȻҲ˲ɱٲŻγϢ
ףӷֵصҶ֣书ʵսǴɱĥ°ʲôͬô
ҶЦЦף֪ˣɱٵĿռҵս֮УܴȻһ壬ܹ书⣬ħĽ̬ɽͬǾһ㣬ħϾ͸һأͺѲؾˣħķķͬ˵ʲôķͻ졣
ԭˣħĽȴֹʣ˵Ͽһֱû˿ףӷ粻һ£漴ҡͷѹ޵һֱħмȷǲϳˣҪҴҲĸǿɾ͵òʧˡ
ףӷ̸֮ѾЩɲѾħе书һӴ򷭡
ǺǣףҲô˵
Ҷ䣬ͥԺ֮ȻһҵĽܲϳô
ǰȻһɫ۵ĳʣ˹
һĵۣ̬ĳȣŴҵķ緶ȥһ޺湫һ㣬ֻӢɵһ㣬һ˫û˿·Ѿˡ
ǰ龰ǰ빬ʱʩչĽ
Ҷףӷ˽̸һ̤ԺУɭɭϢ̾ͳ嵭֮Ľ̸
ľħġȽ㡭Ҫôעףӷ磬һǺһһֽˡ
˸ɫ⣬һӰر䷢ı
кȻǰ̤һ˻һƹӰ㣬ת˲֮ףӷǰĽ⻯ʮӰһš
ι֡ףӷһһĹǰѾˮкصĽסˡ
ȻֲҲûȱɱϰߣӦҲ죬һʣ৵һγʶѩĺᵶ
߾ףӷŭĿԲһ͵Ľħһ㣬һţͻһ㣬ͷһնȥһƬƥ㵶ӰЯ
ÿһȣԼĵ˲䱩һ֡
һʱ֮Ŀռ䱻⽣Ӱˡ
ҶԱ߿˽֣ԴĦ˵书
ףӷ书ߵǴ󿪴ϵĸ·ӣľ粻ʧϸ壬ͳֶ⽣ȣҪԿˣǺСħ䡷ÿһȻǴһ˵Уֲ书ʽϵĲˡ
һΪжı£ԭȴҲֻǸ̸֮ͽ
ˣһս⣬˶
ٿףӷ磬һĵѾãˡ
ޱؿžŭףӷ磬˵棬Įûһ˿´δʴʿԣҲڵʱ򡣡
͵ףӷʱۡ
ҶһѾͰס˱ŭеףӷ磬˽ֱǶţ١
οˣף֣ҪƽˣѾ쾳ϢʽһĵңոտѾסĽˡ
һתʵҲƲҵĽˡ
ոʩչǹȽħڵľѧתǺݡ塢Բܴ߶ֻÿһ㣬ħأɱ¾֮޵Ҷ٩٩̸ͽŽķ
âһ漴ȥȻصܹˣô
֪ҲҶôҶһЦ֮ǰǲȴΣ
˵ص
Ҷ˹ڣɫȻףӷ磬صܹӮ㣬͵ףֵǸΣ


108 춴
зһ˿˷֮⣬漴صû⣬ӮˣҲҪôҲҵǸˣҶıɡ
ҶЦӣҡҡͷҲñ־ˡ
ѧΪгɵˣĸ֮Ѿħˣ˽õİ취ȴĿһۣܹ۷
ʿնͫѾгһϸߣضҶ
һϢҶӿһͷ۾ݺݶǰʳһ㡣
ܵ彣һҶкȻ΢΢еЩʣͷϵ΢΢һ¡
Ҷһ쾳粻ôֻǼ򵥵Ĺͨģ쾳֮ΧĻһֹܹõذΧĿռ
쾳粻ֹǹͨжϤƿأ
ʼҶУжʱͣȻһż̤˻ʲôת˲Ҷǰ
粻մصĹһ죬һĽֱ
ħڣڵĽħеĽɱ¾
ħȻȴ඼ʵΪȣɱ¾ΪɵĽ͵УᲢá
ɵĽǾտ⾳ҲߣҲħڡ
֪ĲδԤλã͸оľϮ
ȳ֣ҶȴǺ
ҶĽ··۾һ㣬̧һһߣ·δ֪һ㣬ͽסĲ
׽ԲΪ֮½Ҳɢ˿ٿȻһ֮£̤Ĳջأͱһ£΢΢һģԭϬĽƶʱҲ쳣ɢҡ
Ƥ΢΢սĥľ֪ܿ˶ٴεɱ١
ӦѸһ֮£תĽ⻯һĨƥչˢˢˢʮӰԼܲ͸硣
ҶȴȻ仯һ׼ϸʽ֯Ůˮкһ㡣
ľҶַò޹ǣȴܹƹɱһ㣬ڿҪλʱ򣬵ָ䣬ܹӳǿ
ɵƹĽ棬ʳָһָߵĽ档
ˡһʶٸаٽһңһ飬Ҷ۹Ȼһָģһ㣬ϡ
ٿȻ˵ϣ˵ز
ʸ󣬲ŵؿҶ
ôӮ㣬ҲˣһڣҶһЦȻһӣȭ
ȭһһһ·ǰһɽףȻһ㣬ҵȭͷ
򵥵һֱȭֱȭǣһɸͱҵ⾳
Ϊ֮ǣҶһȭľϣƺоǰȼճһһűҵĻ㣬ȴִһѹ뱬óʸо޷ֵһ㡣
ˣˣˣʼæչƵֵҶȭȭ׼ޱȣƸ͵ڴÿÿܹƹһ㣬ȫĽ棬˵ٶȡɵĿѾﵽһֻΪ׾ľ磬𵴵飬ˡ
Ҷ˹ָĽѾýζˣֻϧ绹в֮ɡ
һĨĺ⣬һ潣ߣһžĽ⣬ļХ֮
ɱĽһͷײĶǣżĽХǵצҪ˺ѳɷ飬쳣׺֮Уȴִơ
׽½ħʮ֮һħڵĽ׺ݴ
ǣ˿ۡҶһȻ˫ĴָʢƣŲͥ㣬ȻӲײƥĽӰ֮УʮָزĽӰ֮УĴָסĽ棬һࡣ
컯ȭʽ֮Ѿ̵ȭ⣬׺ֺĽҶȭˮ˳оǻȻɣԲת⣬̲סһַĵ泩о˲ƻ⾳
ԣҶȭ֮¿ţг͵ع죬ȫĽҲһ㣬˵ɰ㱻˳ȥɫʱ԰׵˼㡣
ɵŸޱȣеıһⶼؾĳϼģƳĳ׻𾫻ʼһ֮ҼͷԶʤ׷ѰıôһѾѿˡ
۾֮£Ҳ𱦽ֶñֱʳжָ罣һŴ
룡Ҷ׼˽֮󣬽Ųʻ֮ΣĴָ̽һָ
ʴһη·һδ͵Ťתһ°㣬˵ת˰Ȧվ˽Ų
һٶ˥ߡ
֮󣬳Щˣͨһڵϡ
ҪٱȥôҶֶ
ٱˣ书⾳ϣҳʶķڷٱȥһ䡣ʰеĳĬȻΣߵףӷǰһ񣺡ոնеĳʧˣոճĳҶֽ򣬸ոն֣ҲֻҪҸڸҶֽһ¶ѣ⡣
ʵȴûжٰգ̹жжʱȥ˴롣
ףӷ翴ϵؤװЩЦá


109 ҪҶ
όһƫ֮С
⺮̹ǣһֻ֮ͭ̿ȼź̿ȴů紺
һˮŮŵذŪŲһһߴӺ㵹ע˱С
ԱһĹĵɫװŮȻһɷŭ֮⡣
ˮذѲ豭Ƶǰƽصɶο³çˡ
ߣû뵽Ҷ쵰ȻôթɶĹĵؽӹ豭һˡ
ˮ̾ϢҶһ˲ð˵Ʒ䲻ɲҪСҶ񾩳еĵһ壬Ҷһ¥̫ʵͣųѼĹ±伮ҲֻҶһ伮ǻʵնµ״Ԫ˸ҶϵĳӣȷʵڲǸöԸ
ɶһһ漴ȵصһﾹȻô
ˮ̾ϢΪأɳôһɫǰֻǵ٣ߣҿǵˣұΪһﲻ廨ͷѣǸոֵһʮԶľ룬赭дҵķɼϵҲɲ⣬Ҳ쾳ĸˣǸҪӳ顣
ɶʱĿɿڴȻڵǽ㣬ȻôһѾȫˣôҲ˵˰
ˮЦɵѾͷ֪֪治֪ģ㿴ЩӵĸǵòȻʱ˽ȴòγ˿Ҳûϵɶȵ죬ɵ۵ʼ֮еǻȥҶȻǸҡߣ
뵽Ҳ糺죬޺޵ض˶š

όһƫ֮ڣƻͨŸɵӱյ̸ۣΪ֡
ᵹǲϹ֣όˮɵĵ۵
ҶһԵضһ֮УƷűеƣ񲨶ϸؽΧĶ˶С
ڳȫόδŮӣòףʳڣʱһķ羰˵όڵһ鵤ҩڶǳŮɵǳ˱Լƽ̽ό֮⣬ҲԴӹڹһŮӣʵһԼɵĵҩⷿ
ˮɶ˸ŮСۣĻǲǹ¡
ҶȻ΢΢һһŲ𽥿
һѾȵ۷ˣžƱƹӣҶˣЦصǺǣ³ɣҶֵĴˣյü鴫¶λ
Ҷ۹·Ϳ˸ոպ˵ĶȻһЦ漴صҶĳҲոճѣûʲô춯صĴ֣ܵ
ǺǣȻǡλҶ˹Ȼ˸һľãƱһ°㣬һľͳҶ˹еľƱǡôض׼Ҷ˹
һƾͽʵʵͷҶ˹
ǵСҶųԼӭľˮЦһֻǽһ̤ͱܿľߡ
ڱܿߵһɲǼ䣬ַ̧һ΢ɲľ磬ľߡ
ɾȴʵʵǸ¹װŮϣװŮΪòһֱԱӵΧ̸뵽֣֮ŮӶʱһ˸ʪؾˮ˳½
´ĶλɫȻɷףؿǰ˾ԡͼһʱɵۡ
ŮӴδܹ˴ʱҲɵۡ
ոպͶλ˽ǸӲûιȥ
ŵӼԼ裬ʱȻŭ̾ΧùĶλ
ҡҡңҲ򡭡λ޴طֱţ˵ҶȻԱɭȻЦҶʱڲˣƾߵӵܰԼһѪͷֻװŮǸѡ
ոնֺλû䣬ȻܹˤһӣλСһƣ̫ˡһƵ˹
Ʈ֪ĸˡ
ӵԱҶһ仰漴ĿתǸɿʼٸߣŭĿӡ
Ǹʱɫ䡣
תĿ֮ҶЦеسǸӾ˾ٱǸɫʱһ䣬ζû뵽ҶȻôͰսϡ
ҶġѾʮľˣȫԴ꣬ȴ˸׽Դͷڣȴ
ҶӣٺЦٺ٣͵ɷʴһ׵ζɡ
ɫ΢䣬ЦҸ֪˵Щʲô
Ҷ˵ͷո˶ڸЩʲôȴϣٺ٣㲻ϲɿ𣬸ЩƤˡ
ӲȻŭڣһ
Ҷǲѧţ˾áԱߺȻһ
һʢװˮܽذ˵ˮ黺˹Ա߸ɶ
ȻЦղѵŮӵ壬ȥױ˵ɡ
ǸŮӺ޺޵һţŭ˶λǸһۣȻתͳһ˹ȥ
ϯʼ֮һŵȻǲʾչʾ˸ԵѧˣۣչָԲѧ
ɶʵžʦҶңǵһţ佫඼ҶңҶǹٻңҶеٮٮߣλŹҵˣ׷ãأ


110 Թ
ϣ
ʵúáҶȻһЦҶϼӵϸμңڳ֮ϣҶ׹ʫ飬ֵʦָ㣬Ҳ־ڳ֮ϣڹٵ֮һҵκҶĳСݺ·ǰ;Ȼ٣Ҷĳת޵
ߡֻ´𰸲ʵɣɶЦһصȷ˵ˣҶΪϷ֮Ůű˸ۡ
ԣҶͷʱѾһĨ
ɫһصҶӵܣ׶Ķʥ飬Ҫڳ֮ϣҴɷ򹦳ͣûн檣ҶôҲǾʦŴ壬ҶԸ⣬ڻٵ˽檣Һαػðǰ;ٵΣգɳ֮£Ҷĳ䣬ֻ׾ıҵףһֱڸӼҲδĥ£СݺҲ⣬ǴӴ˲ڳ֮УҲ˶־νǧͨԪҶĳڼѣӴ޵УҲǲķഺһѧ
һҶ˵һȻƣǽڽ֤оݣ˶ʱо޿ɱ粵̾͸оҶԩġ
ҪǣҶ̹ϵصԼñҪץİѱҲץ˭Ҫⷽ£Ҳˡ
ɶҶĿһɣһʱҲ˵ˡ
ˮѾ֣ɶɶλǰΪ۵ĪҪգȥɡ
ɶݺݵҶһۣ㬵ȥ
ˮյȷһףϯҵĸ֮߳УΧ֮£һŵȻǲʾչʾ˸ԵѧˣۣչָԲѧ̡
ҶҲϲ۵աҲоͿʼ̸ۣĵԣභ᪻ҽȵȶԼһ׶صۺͼ⣬ּһЩȤڳ˶ԡ
ǰĲŸ߰˶ӽѧ峵ʱ˿̵Ҷһѧſɸһƪ۵ĺ֮£ڳ˵Щӵˣһʼֻܲ죬ۻǣһЩ곤ŵҲȫֻʣ˵ͷǵķݶ
һЩɵĵҲ׷׽ԼŵһЩ˳
ϯȻûʲô裬ҶѧŵĴңϯϸ̸̸ۣŽڳĽζ޲Ŀ࿴
ӵܵĲѧɵ˵ƮȻ˫صĽ֮£˲ؿʼȻ𾴡
һ̸۵ѱ֮ɵĵӣҲǵ˫ޣר޵ǽΪ˸֮пʼ˻ֻ֮ǻ֮һֱ䷨̸ĶСѡ
ѱޣ޵θУؼҪץסڣøճ޸һ۾ʱ򣬿ľѱߣ֮Ϊĸʹޣָܹʹת硣
˵úáдΪ漴ʵҶ֣ЩȽϸ߽ޣͨԣȻֻ꣬²ѱҶǷа취
֣Щ߽׵ޣֹǹǿôˣЩ޸Ϊǿ󣬸Ǽ𡣡ҶЦޣȻҲа취ƷֻҪЩʹۡ
ŶҶ˵۾æߴٵ
ҶɨΧһȦ֮ԥһ£漴ЦĶ޵пܣֻ˵ǴЩλ֮ɨλ£ʧ񣿡
вɦصҶ֣ĳǸӣη˵ˡ
ҶЦֿԼ֪𰸣ϯɢֺ֮̽ˣǽǵ£ҿɵ
Ҷô˵ΧڵɦˮҲ˺漴ЦǺǵصǺǣҶ֣˵ɣǶ޵֮ˣô
ԱһҲ׷׸͵ѯʵ
Ȼˮ﷢ˣôҶĳ˵ˡ
Ҫ߽׵ѵָʹҪ˵ļӣͬͬסͬУΪ֮ͬȻչʵϣĳ׳Ϊͬеߣѭ򽥽޳֣֮ľѱ֮
Ҷһȳڳ˶ʱȻ
ǴһĴȣȻҶǲѧţһڶŵ⣡Ҿһ
Ա˸ǱΪҶֻǸѰӵܣ޵еһ֪⣬û뵽ҶȻưٿȫ飬Զ޵еָƣһļ⣬ʱڳ˶Ŀ࿴ˡ
Щ˿ʼʱҲҶݺҲŲˡ
˵ɰܸɳ֮ء


111 ȶĹ
ϯ֮ڶδɢȥˡ
ҶȻڵˮС
ͣס˽ŲҶʵʲô𣿡
Ҷ̹ȻˮҶĳ빬һֱҶˡҶĳͻҶĳһֱУʱҲδ˽Թδ֪ΪҪңȻҲȴһֱڿҶĳˣˮܷ̹ȻһЩҲҶĳи׼
ҶȻҺ֮䲢ûʲôԹֻѣǲ룬ҲǲԸ̹Ȼ
ʲô˼
ˮ黺̧ͷص֮֮ɫ·ǰվһͷŧĽʬһ㡣
ҶָᵯһεĻطѩϣһѩȻƶ֮£תۼһŴѩ
СǲҺҶĳԹ϶ˡҶЦС֪ûнⲻԹ϶̹ȻһЩԹ޾ѩԽԽҶĳȻˮС㲢ûʲôǷ֮룬վһһЩ
ҶΣصðɣҾ͸Ĵ𰸣ɡ
ҶĬȻ
һƬľıԺԺкʯʯΣԱ߻һƬɻأԵû쳣ı¡
ԱߵļŮ˹һˮ
ٹֱԡҶص
ȻһǰװȥˣҶʲôˣɵЩ£һ㻹Ҫǰضã
ҶҲЩˣɫصҰ㣬ʲôֱ˵òã
ðɡˮ̧۾صŻ֪ɣˮҺ֮ͨ꣬ҺȶǴС浽ĺѣСһ浽ģڼиɵЩ£֮ǰѾһˣҪһһʮصô
֨һֻɱҶ˷顣
һȶ֣ҶԴȻ𣬺ЩһŶˣһŭ˲ֱ飬۾һ˲ɭѪɫ˫ȭյĿ죬һɺХɱŷ˳
㲻˵ˣҶȻһжȻһĨ
ֲֿģһӾͰѾŵôסˡ
ȻˣԭˣҶһ˲һһٵشݷ϶Ｗһ仰һҵɱбŷ
ȶȶ벻㻹겻ɢҶ˲䲼Ѫ˿ݺݵصɫɷ׵ˮ飬ͺˣ
ҡҡĺ˼һʱ䱻ģŴˣ߶µ˵ˡ
˵ҶһŭѾɰɫͫһͷ˵Ұǰע
ҡˮһʱ䱻ģסˡ
ŭҶȻ˵Ŀ£
ӿıŭ֮ѾҶȫʧȥǰǷӺ򶨣ȡ֮ȴһޱߵɱ֮ȵˮ鲽˿
ȻܼĽŲɶ𣺡ҶҪʲô
ɶ˹֮䣬ŭҶŮҲ׷˳ָ
ҶľȻΣȻƤһߵ˹棬ӵץһѩһԼӣǿѹסĵıŭصûʲô飬ֻЩˮ̶ֽѣҾˣǡ
Ҷ֣ˮ鿪ڵ
ǣҶûлͷֻǲҵһЦ

صԼ޵֮к˱ŭ֮еҶ漴Ƶе룬ֻ˵ԼЩƫ֮С
ȶ澣֮˻Ҫʹ޵Ůˣǰ;УѺڵ֮һ£һؼ尾
Ѿħ
еħƾѧ伮ͿնɱˣЩٹ̵ħȴֻܿų޲ܹװγ
ˮ鳹׹Ҷ⼸ôҲģͷǱŭ𣬾˯Ҳ˯ˡ
ô£ôЩסˣҶо֮еͬˮһĵ𣬺ͷ΢΢һ
˼֮漴ȶ
ֻʶ֮з·⵽һ㣬ǺͨͨһƬͷƵħȫغʢһ˫ͭƱһ㣬ɢһɱŰƻϢ
ãҵħȭɢҶ뵽ؿʼңȻһæȡԼǸͼԼǰչˡ
ֺ⾳ʶ֮Уʶ֮нݵĺڰƹ⣬Σתţʶ֮еĺ⾡ѹȥħ񽥽ָǰתɡ
Ҷͷŭȭ̵ĥ֮£رѹϨĻħҲѹ
ҵħҶֱŷ̾Ϣһ
ƣȻףӷĴɤ𣺡Ҷףˣ


112 С
Ҷ֣⼸û۵ֵܼе᲻ˡף˹Ц
ףҶתһô¸۵ˣ
˵ˣҪҪףʵصﻹһƿ˳ɢԡ
ҶûɵصǲˮѾͷָָʲô۶ңźόͷ
ףȻɣҶ֣㶼Ѷ˼ҹĻͷ˼ҹֻһҲûʲҸ˵ˮǵѩͤһۣɽѩȥȥ
ǼþհҶתɵϵһǲȥˡ
һףףӷٺЦҾͰ鴫ȥ˵ϹԸҩΣʱҪǴˡ
Ҳ٣ѾĿ¸ɣҶεúúãȥ
όϸߴ޽һͤӣӴͤпԿ˱ΪѩͤÿԹɽѩ
ǰԶһɽߣԭ֮ѩ֮ʱ۽󿪣Ϊ֮Ŀ
ѩ֮ͤУҶóسĬֻǶһֻ񱭣˼һƷţһ߹ѩ
ԱѾվͤߣڵǺǣյü޵ʮʤ֮һѩͤʫ˴󷢰
ԱǸԱĬȻҶһۣ漴Ц֣޵ߣʫԣ竷֮£ǾͱȲòѧŵҶˣǱҶǰˡ
竷£Ҷüͷһ壬תͷһ˫۾صδ̣մ
ӰȻ»ɶο¡
ԭǶ֡ҶѾŨŨơ˼ֻĲɣ竷£书ǲǣ
οû뵽Ҷ˵ȻֱʱһЦҶ˵ﻰĳûҶֶ֡
㻰мȴҶ֡ҶȴãٺЦϴξϯϣǸ׳þˮңǰΪҶǺǵģο£øЩıƣˣƤӣο£ҪǸѵүǣܾҶĳ˵ս۲ضõ֮ģȭžС
οɫˣҶһһߵǰؿСˡ
Ա߼ŮȴĿתؿҶǰյϯϣҶȲĲѧڶŮǰ̵ӡ󣬵ȴȻ˴ֿͱ˵ҶǸоȲ
ԱһֱĬˮ鿪ˣ޵ߣʫŪȻܹԣǲ޵ߵĸֱ䣬ǾЩ״ɷ羰ʧ˰ɡ
һգգؿҶƺϴһ֮󣬶ҶĵⲢôˡ
Ҷɫɺܺڡ
Ǳ˶ûп֮΢Ĺϵ竿ʼԾԾ
ˮ˵ĺáҶ΢΢Ц⼸չˣƤӣҲߵǳÿ¶һһƷƷΣ
ҶЦЦתۿ˶οµ֣ûȤҶĳһ֣
οٿȻɫˣոԵؿҶлһĨɱ
ҶѾɱģȻڶֵʱ򲻰ɸУҲҪһЩ˲Żġ
Ҷ֣־δʧˡˮƳһۣص
ڳ˵УҲֻˮ֪Ҷ˼֪Ϊʲô˵ʧء
ҪźͶο½ֵĵڣеŭ𳹵й
ˮͦҶؿһۣ΢΢ЦѾּ
ˮüͷ΢õؿҶһۣҶȻЦֻӶ
ԱߵĶο֮ȴɫϲҲ
ҶŸ첲ƵصǾͲˣ֣ҶĳôҪܹһҾͷ㡣
ȻɵһҵȻ裬ǰһҶѾӰ
ֻտѩԭϾ˵ѩΪҲֻǲ׽ƾڵϻóһĲӰ
Ҷһ㴳ό޵ľС
ҲܣȻ˫һ֮£һֻװڿշ˫糵һ߳ʮȣžžž֮ڶ˫ڿеľ˽˱ѵǱһ߳ƬǱżضϿ
ҶƮƮ֮󣬽бֱ˺ϣֻ˫żٲȶ֮£˾ȻˮϼٻУ糭ˮһ㣬ˮĲ
ˮƹһȦ֮ٴطٵظ˻һ·ֱľ֮С
ҶٴѾһȭõľ֮Уһȣ˫Ƽǰƶ֮£Χ缱ٺХݣһľ籬꿦겻ڶʮʵڵϵľ˸
Ҷ漴һ˫ַһҽʶһ£ɫľ裬Ҷ֮£Щصľ˾ȻʼڿݰƮ費ݡ


113 г𱨳
߸ҶףϢȺɽκȻ˫ȭٴα趯һ˲仯ȭӰǱһ㣬ӭЩľż
飡ЩӲľżûһأͬʱرľ
٣Ҷһ㣬˲żǰֱ۴ţ絶
һȣֵɽ
һ죬ߴͩľżмȻѿһ϶Ȼѳ꣬Աߡ
ҶӱĿɿڴҪʵ飬ֻɵƣһЦ
ӯص˻䵽˵ǰ˷粻վڶǰȻ
Ϊˣأĵ˭ôɵǺǵվŲ򣿡Աߵɶ𾪣ӲֻѼޡ
ףӷŴ죬ճմص˻طơħߴ򼼡ȺȭֵЩнƷ书κһҲҪʱ˾ҪսҪʮ꣡һò̥Ϳʼɣ
οһֱµʦΪ΢ʣǸо˾ˣ֪ܷʩչŵľѧһҲҶĳʶʶһҶٺЦؿŶο¡
һǰķѾ˼ǿӲԵ
ο¶ʱԶԡ
Ҷ΢°ͣӶοӾķϵģ˸ƣǫصɣ֣ɣҶĳҲªȭű¶ѣֵҲϣֵ»ɵĸ㣬Ҳչʾһ£µŵҲ۽硣
еط죬ο¹ƷҪһͷȥɣոϯҶ侮ʯ࣬Ҷ¶Ϳʼݺݵؼˡ
²ʶ»ȻҪһϳչʾ
οµľɫϣһ仰Ҳ˵ˣһ˫۾ݶؿҶ˫΢΢š
»ɵ书ֻʵӣǲҪ׳ıȽϺá
ûѪԵɣ֮ܳΪһϸɣһǿĵ
³ֻ¶˶ĸݣ䣬Ǹӹ䡣
֣»ɣòֻˣƤӣûʲô书ɣҶɫȣʹˮһֱ΢ʣΪּŹ㲩书žѧû뵽ǺǣҲֻ˵˵ѣĸ֣
˵꣬ʱЦ
Ա߸ɵĵһѧŵҶȻ׸ʱķ񣬾ȻĲɷһ䣬һԲϣҪ˴̵çⷴδҲ̫ˣڶԽһʱ仹Щת
ŨŨĻҩζѾȼ
ˮеĿ⣬Ҷ֣㻹ǵ˴˰գαô򣿡
Ҷת촽΢΢䶯˼£Ҫ˵Щʲô漴ҡҡͷЦкȻһ˿ģ漴ת󲽾˳ȥ
ҶҵţοһĨݶ֮ɫ

ϯոս֮Ѿ׳˷ͷҶ漴όˡ
֪ȶϢ֮һ̶ٴȥˡ
Ϲȴִⲻټףӷһ֮£ҶҲֻڹڴ
ʱѾ캮ضόڸǵˮɱ
Ҷķ֮Ѿһưͭ̿裬ϵ̵̿ȼ
һϢȻϢˮٽڵ֮𣬸ѹ֡һѩ׵Ӱ˹зҶǰ
ҶǲûͷҲ֪˭ˡ
ˮվҶԱߣһ˫ӣؿѾ¯Ѭɰɫӡ
Ҷͱ¯ѬĺܺڵӣʱøˣһԲе֮ȡһϸطġ
ˮ˫峺ĵĴ۾ֻǰؿ
ˮ֮еĵһŮ֪Ƕڵˣƽ䣬ΧӲԴɫȻؿԼͷŵĵӣ˵ȥ˭ţ
Ȼ»ŲͷˮȻ̾Ϣһû塣
ҶԾɲ𻰣ռŵķֻ֮ķ
Ҷܺú̸̸𣿡ˮдһɳֿ
Ҷɫ࣬һԲضԼתߵһȥˣŪˮ֮ɫ
ȴʮִţͤͤؾôվԱߣؿҶ
Ҷص㵽Ҫʲô
֪࣬ࡣ
Ϊ˭»̲飿㵱ô
ȶĺѡ
ôҶЦʵ
ˮĬ
ˮ飬ûбҪ̸ˣȻȶǷС֮㲻ǳˣҲΪѵġҶдնľȻص߰ɣҵЩ£ûϵ㰮ôôôôʭӶ˲ծҲҶһԶ㵽ͷϣ


114 
Ҷɫ䣬Ѿ׻ȥˡ
ѾõžؼĪ˵ͻڣͻʥҲڻˣԼٵǱޣͻƵھ֮ٷɽ֮УǷҲ⡣
׵ĳ֮͢УǻԼΪ񣡹»ٻ練ƣ
ֻʥľ磬ܹϴˢԼĳ裡
¯ӳ£ҶɫӣնԵˮ鲻ɫ΢
Ҳµģֻ֪ȫˮص
ҿɻûйΪֹһ𣿡Ҷ͵תȥпָɭɭصҸ㣬ˮ飬ȶ澣ҵҷģ
ҶȻᵭдһɺ޲ʳƤĶ񶾣ֱˮɷס
ˮ鲻΢ŭӺɷѾΪгˣαִڴˣ
ⲻؽСˣеԭ֮ҶȻŭ֪ʧȥʲô֪Ҿʲô
Ҷ׿ʫ飬ʱ־Ҫڳ֮ϣʷΪһҶӣݵصǣΪҶʧĲֹϣеǰ̺ҵѾıɱˣ֪ҵеʹ;һƮƮӺɷ¶ԹһʧȥĶ
ˮ鿴Ҷ峺һĨ޷ƵԹĬȻ
Ҹ㣬ʲôڳãʷ֮飬ҶѾںˣںնɵ棬»ɵĳޣֻҪȶ
Ҷᵭƽ̺ޱߵԹƫֱִЩ
ȻǸˣȻãͲҪٹˣ֮飬ʵ̫ûáҶѹͷĮȻصȻķСҶԹֻҪ㲻İףҲ鷳ˡ
ˮ¶ɫصҶѵĲܹƽҸ˲²⣬ȶҲֻɱζѡ
ƽκƽҶЦһ˵Ҷĳǰ;٣Ҳزȥʻѹͷĳޣ㵽˭ͷȥ
Ĳ𣿡ˮĵ̾Ϣһ
ܡҶȻ
ˮã̾Ҳôġ
ɡҶƲƲ죬صǾ仰ĵҶžˡ
Ҷ֣»ɵĶο´ּɱεֻ°·ᡭ
ƾҶʰԼװȻٺЦһֻһ󱲶ѣҪҲвĵңЩѧĶ׷ˣ׷ɱңǾɣ
ȻˣҶ֣һ·ءˮصһȻתȥˡ

ѩ裬ɽߣɽһװ
Ҷѩ֮мٻţԶԶȥһҶ˷˵ıһ㣬ѩȴû˿ĺۼ
еģҲЩ֣ٻ֮У˫ֺϱǰʱغϱš
Ѿǳ׽ˣϯҶͷ˺鱦֮ϯϸ̸ۣ֮˾ŴɣµĵӲѧţ书ǿɵɡ
˵Ҷһγϯ磬㽫޵ĵλһ̨ס
Ҷڴˡ
˴ѾˣЩͨʦֵҲˣܹڷ裬ԼȫƾžܿǵĹƾԼַԷķƣΨԸЩ쾳ʦ
ЩѾ쾳ʦԪѾĽݵأΣ˺ԼȻȭԻЩ쾳ʦԶԼԺ䣬ôԼǸɰܻ֣
ό֮󣬾ͽԼǱľȡ˳ÿս̤ڽһߴλãзɳϰС
ޣȻԷľϵļȴʼղЩ˳磬߲еȫ
ǺѾʦ磬ȫµĽһ͸ˣЭԸʮ֮ãתԼ˫ϣټľϸķ䣺ʹܹεץס˽ǿҲܹˡ
ҶĿԶԶֹˣҪڷɽս
ĿЩܹݳԪжݼ޸֣޸֡
Щܹ޳Ԫ޸ȻҶѾȭ⣬Щ޸ԪĿǡ
ʱԶĴѩɽۣ֮ӰĬĬעһ˵ĺһ»ɵĶο¡
ο½ΣҧгݵؿҶҶ䵽ҵˣ


115 ȭ⶷ɽ
οµվһͷڵӣϰɫ۷úڽ˿ͼӺݣһ˫ǳһָ߸ϵİ
ο˵ǰһǫ
οȻеĳϳǲֻһʦΪеλߣȰλʦֵģȴǾ䣬˵ҶҺţһ¾аעˡ
ǳ۵ӣصο£òƭҰɣ֪ǷλʦһͬǰҪִеģҪǸƭңӦ֪
ʦ֣οºǫصͷ
ͬʱҶνƽ˹Ŀˣ̾Ϳ̤Ǳľ
ԱߵĿңҶǵɫĽ⣬૵صСӣȻзǿľӦǳ׵ıˣıȻֻĹߣ
һḬ֮̃ɫһ̧֮£һ貵ĳߣ߿׹˸ͼ
̧΢΢һָڳ߿Ȼ˸Ҷ
ɽ¼ԦŷɽҡҡڰڵҶȻоתͷһһѤҫ۵Ľƿһǹ貵Ĺ棬¡¡ľˡ
ҲݣҶ˿ڷɽվЩǿˣ޷סˣ͵һ㣬󷭹ȥ
˿Ѿڿʮ׸ߵĵطȥ㲻Ҳˡ
㲻ԶһôҶһ˳ϱֱɹµµعһ·Ͽ꿦֦ѹ
ͬʱǹ貵ıһת֮£üļ̶
ƣҶƿռǹⳤ̧һΣս𵶼ɶһն֮ϡ
ǹⳤѾս𵶸ն˸ţܵ˴Ĵ֮£Ȼһ䣬˾ҵĲ֮ѾҶһ˳ȥ
һм
ԶӼҶһɫ΢䡣
ҶոһǹⳤͬʱȻӦ˳Ԫ쳣ңҶ⾹Ȼ˽ϵԪ飡
û̧ĵڣҶһһ壬һ㣬һ̤չᣬ˲Ϣ͸ϵڳǰ̧ʹ۽צϵĿеĹָ֮£˲ͻγһָӰխСĿռס˳
ƣҶһȻӹһҹ⣬ָصصڽ档
˱ȸոոӾҵĲһǷڽȻը˿ǹⳤ·۳һ㣬һ֮£˵ˡ
ãҵǽԶսһʧе
СӣŭˣжȻһĨײеɱ
ο£ػסҵתͷԶοºȵοæͷһĨ˷֮ɫ
ȶֽ̧һӡͷϺȻڳһɫɫ֮мĵǹ⣬Ϊ֮ᡣ
תۼ䣬Ԫǰ˲ɹɽͷҶ˹
Ҷз˵⣬Ԫ񣬷֮£˫ֽӡһȣ
ͷѩӹඥһ֮£ۻ಻Լȫ¡
ʱҶÿղϵذھʮʽеϰʽǿͷѨϣ̼Ѫѭ򽥽ԼĴԸӼʵܹܵסĳ
֮ףҪӵ٣ҶΪ֮£һϣ´ûκζ£ܵĳ
ɴĴ̼κδʩĻò˶ͻȫӲ󳹵ˡ
ʱһǲͣӦԣǲϵ׳ԲѾӦ˹
Լ쾳֮󣬲ֹӵ˳־õսͼ֮ߵҪԼͨ϶ŵľܹظ֪ᵽΧĻ
쾳磬ô򵥵ġ
˻ط磡μְ̧ڶ֮£˼ߣӿХ
ǹ˸һףȻһϬǹ֮
λӰҶȻתתö̻һյ˲ߣĿѣ롣
ʮǹֵشڵϣıը𵴵ĵɽʯѡ
СüһľȻǺǳҶɫ΢΢һ
ϴ޸ĶǴ֮ݻĸַڣǳķΪǳķǳ֮вͻԪ߻ħ֮ǳطҲǷǳѰƽ⡣
ƣҶֵĸ˿һ㣬͹һƣҼ
꣡·һְ𶯰㣬ͬ޴𱬵һ꿦
зʮǹ֮ɰԵޱߵȭһ֮£Ȼֻڿ΢˶٣ȻҶ
ȣҶһ̧žһ֮£ֻ¡һ죬ϵʯܵҶƻ֮£һƬ籩꣬ǰķ


116 ɱʦ
ȻҶһ顣
ǾۻᣡɷУƬ֮кȻ߿ǳ֮ǹ
һ˶ޱȵǳ֣ڿ۳ˣ߿⣬һиһеķơ
컯ȫ
ҶȻһȣ˫۾Ҷ֮£ͷϹȻһ˶׵С
ΧϮ֮δ·һεסһ㣬ô˿Уͱɰȭֹ
ܵȭѹ֮£޸𽥱ǵмڿ˿
ȣľƣҶ󶸵سһɴִľڿжȻһֳֻɣ̵ֻ̱Ĵ֡
̵ֻ̱Ĵַ·кһ㣬׼ǹ֮Ļ֮£ɷи𱬻˿
һεҿҶײ󵹷˳ȥѪ硣
Ȼ޾ĸ֣ҲóҶѾ޳ȭ⣬ѰСֻҪȭһ֮£̾ͻڿ߽ѿתø߶ǿֱӽɱ
бмٿȻλһŵĳֱϮҶĲӡ
ϧˣҵ书Ȼ֮ȭƳѰаǱϾǲܹаҶЩյ̾˿ֻ̧䣬һǹ񽣾𵴳촷ۡ
ϸʵʰǹмصشϣ𵴵Ҷؿһ顣
˵Ҷаһ䣬ơ
Ҫ޼׷Ź򣬹һҪﲻˡ
ɴ͸ɵ뵽Ҷſм׷Ƭƣطˡ
٣ҶȻһŲ̤ϣವһ£ڵһ˰֮С
һɲǼ䣬ٶѾԪɶݵٶȣ˲Ϣ֮͸ϵԪ߲ԶԭϳľѾþˣοʼ׹
Ǹ֪СӣȻ书ҪҶаЦֻ̧Ҷĵڣһ鷢ˡ
ֻҶĽһɫĽ⣬ε˿С
ţҶ͵һţ쬵һ°ٴڣһа޷ܵĸ٣ɲǼаԪԱߣһȭ
컯ҶһȭӻҵشԪ֮С
ȭͷ϶ȻһűӿˮС
֮кڰ׶ȻһһӽƵȫعסˡ
Ҷȭס˵ƣ˷ŭҳ
򣡡Ҷ³һȭ֮кȻһƬµϢ·һ޴ɽѹһ㣬ƶʱסˡ
ɱȭ֮УȻһŵĽɫŽһ쳣Ϣݺݵͱ֮Уһʣ
Ĳҽ˹Ԫһɲиʮ飬޷ݵľʹʹ
ȭٴһ仯һɲɫϢ鲼Χ಻ĲɫľֱһѵԪ޷ٽ
ʣ֮бӿһƬƬըѡ
һɲǼ䣬б任ѾҶתϣаԪһӴ֧˿
Ҷһȭ֮ȫƵѾþˣ˿ʼ׹ȥ
Ųææ̧һָľڶһҶ۰Ľ£ڿƮƮб˳ȥ³
ҶƮƮشӿ۾Ѿ˲ԶɽͷϵĶο¡
ȶһѤ۵ӣ˵ǸոϮǸ
ͣҶľ죬ವһԽɵľ룬һ֮£бɽͷĶο¡
īɫĽһɲǣο¶ʱһæ֮һȻγʵĳһҶһ
ľת֮£΢΢һһѹʵĽʽһοµĳѾ׽˿
һ֮£οµĲɱ㱻ˣѪҵӿ˳ǰѩȾһƬ޺졣
һлҪ˵Ȼ΢۾Ȼ
ţոԪȻûɢ
ѵؿڵĶܹһֲԪ񣡡
ߣոնֵʱҪôҶٺЦ޵ӹʺʵ
Ҫɱң»ɾŹ㣡˻ңһܸ㣡


117 ǳ͹ǵ
˵⼸仰֮Ѿǽ߾ȫĻ鱻Ҷȫ鿪彩Ӳܶ˵仰괭
ָо֮
Ѿ־˰ɣҸܣܹͻڣʥľ磡ֻҪϷŹһ
׳գ־ǿģҪҵģҲϡĴܣɣҶЦһ̧һָüλãʱԽ˿
һ޵ӰӴԿð˳ޱԹؿҶһۣеҶҾǻɹҲŹģ
ҶЦһ̧ǰһۻƾҵȭ⣬Ԫ𵴵֧˿
޵Ķߡ
Ҷ£ѵһ˲ɣҶָһգ˿꿦Ŀձ
Ҷ漴ϷҵһߵƤ
ϵĵۼֵƣ˵ƵʦһҵûУǾԲŵġ
жȻһѺҶʶ̽˽ȥֻ沼ʮвٵķۣ۵ľʵ񻨵Ĵ«һ޵ɫ
ǳ͹ǵٻʹ
ǳ͹ǵҶʵʲôö
Ҷһ«ϸһֻҩͨɫȴǲǵĹ
鲻Խһ΢΢˵ͷ
ҶٻͼæĿֵǸƸǵɵǴ߲ͨɼǳںϸҩɵģǧ˷ˣ㣬鵤׽޵֮иܼ
Ƹǣʲô˼Ҷﵤҩص˺«֮Уʵ
ǳ͹ǵֱӷõģȪˮ׻֮󣬷ϴˮаʹõҩҩ͸˼֮Уʹҩֱ͸˽֮ڣԼһĹɹǡٻ͵ǳ͹ǵҪǶЧЧϴ֮ȫǱͻ᳹ױܹõعͨҷǻָҲǷǳ׵¡
ԭˡҶСؽ«ǳ͹ǵЧòã
Ҳ̫̰˰ɣٻЦǳ͹ǵ߶ԣ˵Ѿ쾳ˣǳ͹ǵ뼡͸˽֮󣬸ܹõعͨǳ쾳͸Բ⣬ٺ٣ҲֻԲѣȴһ
ʲô˼Ҷʵ
ǳֻǿǵԣȴܹǿǡٻͺٺЦҪ֪ھ磬ȱһɣ಻ǺȴǸƿأ֮ûй˼ɣҪпǳϴԪ֮תͶ̥Ҳõʧ䣬ȴҪƿشĥԼ
ѾˡҶ¶˼飬صͷ
ͨĵƩһҾ֮˿Դ⽮ϵ˿ڳʵһʼ˵Ҳ޷ͬǣһˣĻϰ׵Ĳ졢ӣȻ𲻶ϵطˡ
Ҳˣǿһζݵعͨȡ˵ľͻܵӰ죬棬ܵ亦
ƩҶһϵʱ򣬾ЩඥڵĲû
뵽еĺ«
«֮⣬лһɫס
ȫīƬ׺ɵģ沼ǳתͼ
װܹȡܹȡڵĸʣ׳ܣʵϾġ
һǳҲǲҶףһ£漴ͽԼУȻִĻһ
»ɵλʦֽдģһɱһˣϻһݲرͼ
͸¶ˣݲرͼ֮ǣǳܹศɣǱ
ǣҶʶ֮еٻ

ѩɽһǳɫӰڿȰ˸Ѹƥǰš
ĺ棬ͬѸӰ׷ᡣ
˾Ѿʦ۷壡
ƣϵĲرͼɣôõĶǶ̣̫캦ˣҾǷҲ㹻ͻʥΪǺοأ
׷һ˷ߺȵȴ飬һ䵶ӣһƬջ浶
ƨ»ɵ˵޳ܵСõҵıأǲݣ
Ǹŭ棬͵һͷһݣ߳ĹŽ仯磬Хͽ޸ַĻ桢ն飬ͷϱӿ֮£һƬҵ˹ȥ
Ȼ˲Ǹ޵۷壬书ҲһӲķ޵ĸ֡
׷޸֣һĻȻգһĹ⻪齣ӯӯ»
ģôûǸʹսƢǱּ꣬䣬һƬƬ浶ƿƼ侪ˣܻصҪ˽ܹסˣ
֪ȥˣ쵰ҪǲҲãǼҲȫˡһȴԾɲ²ֻ̧䣬һ»ɳһ͵ľ赲סǸӡ


118 Ѩ
˷ڿнٸغ֮£Ǹֽ۵ӺȻһкȻһֵֻľ⡣
̧һָ֮£һʮֽĻ浶ͲƳնɱ˹
ڿһߣХһ˫һ֮£ʹĳ֮Уһ֮£ɽͬʱӭ⵶ҹ⵶
ǽȴ¶һ˿ɫҹ⵶˫ͬʱ֮£һ໥˿
ɢȥ֮ȴ¶һϸĽɫ̵
ڶ̵ɫƣǽӵķɫһģһѹƻϵˡ
꣡ƱһСĴսڵȼޱߵʹҽ
ŭسǽӳȥǽȴʮ˹ȥѷ̶ֹ
ͬʱ۵ȴӲ˹ֱϮƵԴˡ
һĨ֮ɫŭһһһڱͬʱˮֳ۵ӷ˹
ؿڷɽԼʱɢ֮£еʦ֣ң
ӺٺٹЦһٺٺ٣ʦܣ㲻һݱ֣̫һô
ؿѪһ˲ͱᴩ˸󶴣һƵڱѾ׹ᴩڣϸĽɷԪ
ӣҲĸӾŭһݺݵŽӡ
ٺٺ١Ӻ䣬һɳһͽƸһô档
Сеˣ˱ϣҡҡλεģŻ˴ڴڵѪˡ
ٺٺ٣˼ˣֵܣЦˣҡЦؿŶƣƾԼĽ𵶲Сȴƿʮɵľ룬һְһ
Ȼǵʱٷˡ
ҿȴأ
һ֮£ֻ֣涸ȻһӰس˰֮У˹
δҵؾѾѹоԪ񲻳ˣǽӴһԼǿ䵶㳯Ҷ˹
Ҷִ̧סһ춯֮£һѾסķɽһ˦֮£ӵķɵһɴ˳ȥҶڿнΣһҵȭӰϡ
žžӿŻڴڵѪ˷·ߵľżһ㱻Ź֮£ȫĹرҶһɲǼŹһ࣡
ҶüͷҡҡλѾҪļһˡ

ɽ֮Уܵȼš
Сλôһ󶴣Ѿ¶ˣǱҲǴ渽ķܹ֮סԪʹʵʵسеʹ
Ҷʵ
͵۾Ҷ֮һָڷɽ˵һ綾߰͵ذͷ׼Ҷˡ
֪ôҶһ̤˲Ϣ˹̧̤һǣؾͲסڱֻǰָסţһɻתȭסš
Ҫɱ㣬㻹Ϊӵ𣿡ҶЦһ
ǡʦֻһǿȭѹסԼԪʶȳѪ˿Ҷ
㻹еҶ漴ӻȡһƿ˲ѪȥصҲΪжģӲǺ»ɵгѣԺùž㣬ΪҪ̰ͼʲô˾͹ӲϡϵĶ
ƿڽѪҶ˵ѵЦˣãֵķ緶ɵǰ
գҶÿɷز˲𣬵ʵ
ơƿȳһѪ˿ѴϢ˼
֣ҶˡҶֳ˸
ƲʧǺǵЦˣ͵ؿȳһĨѪ˿Ҷüͷ
֣ʲôûУֵ˵ֱӣѾŲ̫ˡҶٺЦʲôԾ͸Ͻɡ
Ҷ֣Ҳ֪ӣҶҲǿи֮ˣҪҶһ顣Ż˼Ѫ˿
˵ɡҶ
Ȼĳ˻ʩչתš֮ȫԪȻתͶ̥ϣת֮ҶܹҡƿЦ
ҶⱬתתſɲСҲǸո̤۷徳Ǵʱתֻļ䶼ᱻģʲôûУ
ҾǱѳ³ġ͵ؿȳһѪ˿ѵص
Ҷһʱ˵ˣƵĿУһǷ֮
̾Ϣ֮⣬ҲǱת֮ԪȻǿת֮ҲȻǲ֮·Ȼһ·̹;£ֻҶңԱұҶְұܣֻҪӦˣĳ˱к񱨡
ҲգѾԶˣҾʹ㵽ƳȥˡҶ˵ͷ˹ָıأ
ƶָӻȡһͼһַഫһͷϹڴ˵ȴڴˣ˲ٵǽǿѪܹ֮Ѹ׳ɾǣܹͻھ磡ҽҶͻ𾳽磬Ҳǿõϵģ
ðɣҴӦˣܵõأٲת֮һݡҶؾͽ˹̧¡
лˡƵ˵ͷұʦ۷徳磬ʩչת֮ҵΪ֮
˵꣬ȻʮָһݺݵزԼĶšۿǿ֮УͷϺȻϰĸѪͬŭһһֱ쵽Ŵλãüһ絤ɰ


119 
һɫȻͷڶ𣬻һֵģ΢΢Ҷ˵ͷƺڱ̾ϢȻ쬵һ»һ⣬Զȥˡ
һ˵ֻʥΪתܹ֮סļ䣬ھΪȴֻܹסǵļѡ
ҶԪһ·׷һֱƳǽһͨĴλãҵҪͶ̥תũ֮漴ũһƱָиһת裬ԪѪȻԸһ䣬úӳ֮󣬿ֱӾ͵Ƴ
⻧ũҽ˽Ʊ֮󣬶ʱϲأشӦӦҶҪƳаӡ
Щ֮Ҷ漴ͷص֮С
Ĵ֮УȼѬ㣬ɢ˵˸еһĿ
ƽ̶еλã̬ǣƮȻɣؿҶ˽
Ҷ󲽣ߵ˵֮УҶݼƽ̡
ƽ̷˲豭ʵ˲ٵѰɡ
Ҷ΢Цҡҡͷ̫ͼһЩ
ŶƽзһĨЦ⣺όΣ
һĵϵŮӣклҶȻеĻ䣬̫ķۡ
˵úðƽЦ漴洺صţҶ൱˴һȴǴŵƣǺǣŸ˶ŵ̹ѧţɵķ緶˴ξʹһǧ׶ȣһڣһ⣬ؾѲġ
Աߵ˹һƵĴ̴ḷ̌һϹӯӯıһɫı
Ҷɫƽ޲漴лƽͣӸм
ҶԱ賤ϺȻЦߣֻɽƳڿ̣ɵƷۣδӰ켫ӣɣմЩ֮
ҶЦȻⷽ£
תƽ̣粵ƽ֪ЩˣһΪ˻۹£ҲʾǶƳǰյĹģĥǵķתƽ̵ĻǷԺڵ޵ԴӿʼЩСжʮͻʦء
ţ֪ˣʦܾͲضˣڵӶһЩֻңЩֻɽ·ƽ̿һԱߵԳϣص޵֮·Уһñŵȥߴ澫Ҳ޷
賤ԶԣֻǵҶһۣ漴Цһתˤȥˡ
ϿҶѾ򣬶ˡ
Ҷ΢΢ƲƲ죬ЦһѾͻ쾳磬Ѿ㻹ܹԸô
ϰ׳һʲôɲãȻ˲·ٺ٣ҪĴȥҿЩôԣ
ҶһЦ
ԺڵļСִһҶ׷˸кƶ˼ֹ졣
Ҷ֪ɴ֮ǵѾȫˡ
ʱ֣֮ʢ̩֮Ǵ󲹵ʱ
ҶڹУϸطеؼ
ϧʼձȲѩɽ¹ȣ㣬ǴʱԼҪٵȥúС
ɽϹӯӯ΢΢飬ڽΪϵ磬Ƿɽ¯֮󣬷ڸɽ֮ҹ羫Ӣ׻˽Ун̺׵ܹ֮аħǷ
ֻԶԶȲҶǼľˡ
һѰʦӿ϶ǻϲȸԾˣҶԴӵõˡ컯ȭ롶ײ쾳֮󣬶Ӿһ㣬۽֮£ֱ֮;ԼȫζЩѾϡ
Ҷ̧󣬱ľſűʯȻһˮˮǹסȫ£ţͻһӨӨס
ףֻͨӲͬ˿һ㣬ȴǵǹ룬壬Ȼȫʤ˾
Ҷ룬漴ͽۼ׷ԼԽռ֮С
һʾ˳
Ѫڸľ֮޼᲻ݣ־+80120200160140
ס
Ҷףټ̵׾ܵסҲδܹסڼȭеĴۣҪĵסЩһҪԼֿڶҪֿ
ɺ׺ͱȻ׵һߣȶɽ֮Уغš
ڣ뿪ɣѾֵ˰ɡ
Ҷѵϵ׺׵ص³һڴ
׵ıۼ߲ɫԣתɫʹ⻷Ϊ֮ᡣ
컯ȭ첽ڵľȭ˸ʽ֮⣬רſƷߵɱ͡ȭ⡷ʦ̤ھĹؼ
ƷµȭжҪԶ򰵾ڱǡ컯ȭĳв뻯һ쳣ǿȭ⣡
ȭһ־ѹƣ漴ǲս԰ܡ
ֻȭӵĸӣҲ
ǺøӵȭӡҶššüͷЩײеԶޣ·ԼǰѾһ㣬ǹײе⾳ƺҪһԼʶ֮С
Ҷ͵ر۾üġ
컯ȭȭ߾磬ͿԲɼؼ֮תʵεȭ⻯εġȭ񡱣ʹ
֮ķš
Ҷһʱ֮䣬ͱȭϾտĽܿˡ
ֱѾһؼˣһһʦǻ۵ѧ
ҶÿոԼܹʱ100%־ķ100%ʡݡټȫ׵װ֮£ԼŹչĿõȭ֮ҶԼҹؿ£Žȭ3㾳硣
ÿÿһ֮󣬿źųľֵҶɫͲеࡣ
컯ȭѾнƷ书ʵϱϴκľսǸʩչġڤȭƷ׻Ҫߣ񡶲˻طơˤ֮֡Ʒ书ҪҲʱˡ
컯ȭֻܹȭӡÿһȭӡ仯䷱ÿȭӡͼϣһͼ͵ԶͼѪ̫ʵ⾳ʹЩŸԵײкͱ塣
Ҷ컯ʥʱȴ컯ʥȭǿʶ֮УҶʶڤڤʶ״̬ˣȫʶǣվһֱĻԲ׮ֺϱΣָвͣر任ӡգ֮䣬ӡѾʩչˣٶȿþˡ
һһεͺشϵĺë˳˵ϡ
֮кȻ˻һɫӰһȻҶߡ


120 ˫
Ҷ۾֮ɴѾվԼǰˣ׵ϹЩıŭ
Ҷ΢Цſֱۣ˹ȥһֻԲСŤסĶ䡣
쵰£ĶǻϢɴһ죬漴ҧгݵšסĶ䣬Դŭص
ҶʹһɴѾĻһ֮£ɴ漴ݺݵƿˡ
ʲôϢҶЦЦؿǲҺόŮѱ۽ε飿Դˡ
ޣ˵ô£ɴŭ
ҶٺһЦ§סϸؽԼόе鶼˳ԼѩɽŮҲһֻ¹Լȶ֮ĶԹ⣬Ҳû˵
Ҷ٣Щ񲻹ϸɴŤסĶ䣬޵ĺ촽΢΢ݺݵʵϸҵ
ðɣȻ·һ˵ģк¸㡣ҶһЦס֫һΡ
쵰ɴ죬صÿҵ˼ҶҪ顣
ѾԹ⡣
Ҷֽ̧߰ɣȥķ䡣
ǲƳȥ𣿡ɴзһ˿ңʵ
˵һҰ⣬ĵڶȴɴ޷֮Уһ͵͵ģļ˶ܵɽµƳǵĿջ֮С
ʲôƳǣΪڻù𣿡ҶЦص߰ɣȥķ䡣

Ժһɽе徲СԺ
ɴƽվϲ徲˾һլӣ䳡˸ֱ
СԺ֮Уɫı˷ڣżĻɽҽһ㡣
࣬ѪŵɴһۣȶŬһɫӱǿ緢һϢ
ҶȻ̧һָС¡
ɴƽ͵һֱһ̶ˮ㣬˴ξܵ쳣ȵļ·ŭһ㣬һһһѸϯȫ¡
ƽϸСʼɵ˲ҹĻµĺһ㣬
˹ãɴ۾зһĨǰδеľ⣬Եԣ·ŵͯ档
ҶҲҪЩòáɴüͷЩصߵһܲףҪǵĸǰ
˵һ䣬ѾŵһЩ
ɴǰԶҪֶҶзŵĹâ
㰡ɴرҶ§ڻҵüͷҴӦ㣬Ҳôݺòã֪ЩС
ҵȻ֪ࡣҶ޼ɵһ˵̺죬̰صʲôвŲЩŮ¡
˵أǰδеĴ̼ɴţͣŤӣ漴ݺݰһۡ
ɴҶѩ̧ͦͷˣһߣһֱִֵΪӦıСϾһ˿в̤ʵˣôȥһĳɾ;ͻֹڴˡ
ɴкȻһŹ⻪ҶҴôƾʲôô˵
Ҷصƾʱãɴ㲻òϣǾ绹ΪѾԽˣɴ㲻ãԴӺ̬֮ѾЩ䣬ѾЩζô
ɴϸϸƷζҶĻĬȻкȻһĨҵɫ
ҶһѪָ̬ˣ˵ûд̬ѾЩٻ书ӦҲѾǰˣͺԼνʹɽʱеӵǰ¶ҪԼܣһ֮ȴȻһʧȥĿ꣬ҲоЩȻζˡ
Ҷĳ֣ȷһഺ꣬ʹо»ഺ
ɴҶ֧ɫصֻҪʦ߲ľ磬屾Ѿ޵״̬״̬£ƾǰĿޣͨҵսǱܣǲܵˣңڵ̬ܲ־Ѿˣٽܵ˺ġ
ɴһĨ֮ɫ漴ͷ˵û⣬ҲᵽܶȱʦǶΣнҪͻֻмǿϵΪҡȴʼնн
ɫ䲻һĨǷϣ漴ʵôֵģ
ҶصһЦһҴ﷢ֵġ
Ƥдš˫ޡ
쵰㶼ҿɴߵɫ糺죬ݺݵشġ
ɴɲ鼮ֻҪܹͨ͸׿һҶһץס֣ɫصɴ޵ߣҪٹ˼Щˣ¹ƿͻƣҲųԣ˵ˣѾǵˣʲôǲܳԵģ
ɴʤӽҧ´ҧ˵ɣҲ
ΪħҶź񡣡
һ仰һף֮ըˡ
һ£ܹܵסԼô
˶ģӦúͷţôأΪӣҲһѿ᳤һòΪħҶɫص书Ŀ꣬е룬ֻôһֱϵİȥ˿ԽΥôһֻܻ֮£ǳԽ룬롣
ɴһֱΪԺĵǼ֣ԣҲһֻĿ겻ͬˣἤĽͬģҲһŮˣŮӵеͬӵУֻȴͬǰִѹ˶ѡ
Ҫ˵ˡɴ糺죬ŭջҷ
޵ߣǵˣôķȽڣҶɫصɴǺĺ۵жѣ߲ר޾ߣַֻͨϴճס
Ҹô죿ɴСصŮ֮£ҼһƬհס
ҶʱЦã§סСҧŶ㲻ȥʲô˵ȥͺˡ
ɴһһתͷҶҶô㵱ѡҵĿģʲô
ɴţǼˡҶס֣ǽףŮǧǧ˵䲻ĻҵȨƸֻҪõûеòģΨ᲻ôõ㣬ΪϲңҲϲ㣬ǹͬĽᣬɴһʼҾѾϲ㣬ǹͬϵһɲǣҾԸͻĽƿԲԸҲҵһԸ
ҶҲǡɴӿһ˿ж֮ɫ촽΢΢䶯ţҶ


121 ߹
һЪҶ壬֫ŵڴϣ˯Ӥ
ɴ˳ĽֻСèһҶĻһ˫ƱշǱաϴһĨκ죬üǷݸѾҹҹԵĥȡֻ֮ƽ밲ꡣ
׷ɵһ˿Ұ˺ޱཻ֮¡׷ɵ˾ϵÿһ硣
ת˵Ӣӡ
һֱôĹʦֵʾĽҲһֱǵȻ֮
ãȴľ³ˣһ̶ˮһ㡣
ҶĴһͻױԼֻԳһ飬漴ͱ쵰û٣޼ɵعԼķո񳱼Ҫʧһ
˶ǳУ˺ܿͰס˫ϵĹؼϣй˹ؼʱ̣þסڵԪйԽֳ졣
ϵظ߳ɢжħ񳱵ĳ֮£Ҳɢ˿
꾫ڹѹס񳱣û
һ̣Ȼоˮһ̶·ⳡ׺ȷһ㣬׼һ˿ԡ
׳ɽ֮Уȷ
ÿҶѰҷ羰ʤ棬̸˵أسԼ;
һĥ֮Ȼ᷵صԼƳǵ˽լ֮Уغɣ֪䣬оԼƺѾصԼʱʱ˷̬ܵ
֪䣬Ϊ磬ٴͻһ׵ľ硣
ʵϣ书ͻͽʦ߲ľ磬˱ܾѾޣҪͻƣ͵ýתϵĴ
Բۣͨ˫ޣ˲ܹ
˲ܹͻ쾳硣
ʨǰԺζԳȻΪھ˥ܶ޷Ծɴÿֻɮһζľ޿ޣͬҲ
Ҷȴǡǡ෴
˵ĽļӵʮӴ֪ʶҶһؾ¥ųղй±ֻһ˱ейŽʣԴѯѲʵҶǧѷһ޶ţˣǰȴ֪ʶը֮£ҶĲŻһŸ߰˶ѧ峵Ĵʻݵġ
öˣˣ⣬϶ͻΪӡͬģ书ˣͬҲΪӡ
һç书ġ
飬·һջ
׵ĶˣеϰħͺƳһͨڹ練ơ
ɽ֮⴫¡¡ı׾еҶ
׷ʲôˣҶæ·һԶ

¡¡
Ժɽľ޴ʯƷ¡¡һɫ۵궯ţͣһɫţҵغ˷ԺɽĽ
ǷϵõǷ걬ҵַĵطǷ󣬾ڵҶҲ˹
˭¾ѣͷһɻġ
Ѿ·Ҷ׶ŭˡ
δʮŷ걬ҵ׼ſڽƺȥ
ɽŴѾвٵķԺĵӱ˹׷׸˹ŭǰ߹ݵļһ
ס֣ҶһȻ̧һΣսʷɳ滮˰ԲȦһʮ걬
žʮһɶԶλõķ걬򣬱ҶεһȦһ֮£һ漴ͷ׷ը˿Ҷһëû˵
¶ɫҶһۣ벻Ȼܹ⣿һ⣡
ҶͷŭüʵǺˣȻܵҰ
һӣһӵܵģص⻹˵үҽжѣ鱦ĵӣرǰ߹ݣ
߹ݣҶʱһͷӵܣЩЦá
ҲֻǸոͻ쾳оȻ͸У
޵ɲԸǵģһόһ鱦ό鱦ȴռ˺ʮһ
ƿͨһŵ޵֮ɺãҲ鱦ϲĴǵԸ񣬲ŶԴ߹ݵΪҲùܣϾΪ۸СžͽĴԺֱסɽţŵӦЩļһ
ҶӷԺӿе֪߹ݵĹء
ȻѹЦ֪ŸҲǰӦսأ
ðɣȻ߹ݣǾͰձĹˣֻҪ߹ݣҲʶһѾû˼ˣ׼ʲôעҶŶѣޱʵ
Ŷ㣬ʲôģѵص
ҶЦһһԲӱȡǱս𵶣ҲʲôīһԶһʯѾһпˡ
ҲֵֻǮˣҾעأҶص
Ҳ۸㣡ѵЦһζһϻװҿǳ鱦ʲôȱǲȱֻҪϵķƾѡǣ
ҶЦʵȻҪô
ֻҪܴӮңѺٺЦ
鱦ĵӣ־ǲһҶٺЦһޣȳֺˡ
ãѺٺһЦڳһȻָһзеХ
߰˵۳ɼҶ˹
Ҷһץ֮£Ķһ籡ƾһ޴кȻ֣Ӳػһ
ţһȭպ֮¡
ȭԼеغȻռķȻһ٣ţһ죬ʱըѳƬ
ոһ֮£Ҷı徢˸ոճһȭ⣬ƾȭըѵȻܽЩһٺ顣
ѵɫʱոƨĹûԼļŵķͱҶˣҶμչ֮£ȭ
ӰѴʱ˿ȻǲŲæԡ
һΣͬʱɳһң̾ͻʮõӰɢΧӰ
ͷ΢ۣŷԼļķ䣬һ֮̾ͻữʮ˵ĻӰרžߵġ
Ҷȴ˿Ϊֻеâһ漴׼˶ѵΣȥӰһȭֱ˹ȥ
ҵ֮ɫشһ̧һΡ
ϺȻɫĻƣҶǰȻһɫܣϲ걳ػơ
ҶһǸֱȭصشϣɫĻһһ˸תȻһȭػȥˡ


122 Ʒ
ࣣƷ·һԲĳһ㣬ҶǿһȭƵͬʱȻһɷҶ˳ȥ
һ˵ĶѿɾͲˣͬʯʯһ㣬쬵һ¾͵˳ȥ
Ȼûܵʲô˺Ҳŵòᣬѷɿ֮漴ͳԼϡ
׷ȼ֮󣬶ѵ϶ʱһԵĻ֡
ҶȻֻζʳжָزһָߴƿհһָ
ָнƿһָĻ档
ͣһϸ΢죬ѷġ׷һָ֮£Ȼͬ봩ֽһ㱻͸ˣ
ϸľڴƻֵ֮ȴѸٱǳһɾ޴һ¾ͽĻָ˸飡
Ѵһ˺ȻڿлóһӰ˰ɣʮŷһһŷ걬ҵѸɣ·ҪǮһ㣬Ҷ˹
ҶЦһݣʯѹ£ԡ֮ڶһƬƬʯؽѹ£׷״ӼӲʯ弱ٵ֮С
Ҷָ̧һ֮£žһſձѾһʯջ˿
ըЩûըѵˡ
Ѷͷ亹ֱðһҧһλãһƬ˸֮£ʮӥĻ˹
ˤˣҶŲ̤ȻƮƺ֮£ĵ֮£ƣˤֲˣһһӿ
ɻײʯһ㣬ʱķѿŽХĻطһɢͽɢ˿
ʱ汬Ƶľ˿
Ҷ˫з쳣Х֮£ƾѵķ䷨ٶҲûá
ۿҶ˹͵һΣһƬĹâشڶתۼͻһƬڵǳܣڡ
Ҷǿ֮£һ˲Ϣǰ
ƣҶһ޺𣬷һ֣ȭͷ󴸱ʯǣһȭͺڶϣһͭӰ죡
ƣҶһֻ̧ζ֮£ȭӰٱ任ʹȭ֮еԵȭս
һսֵ10ı徢֮£ȭ¡¡һȭҺ
Ҷʱ䲢ûаװ˷ѣӲؾ߲лƷ׵书ֵȭֱָӦһֱ޵ġ˲ɱ徢о
Ʒ书սְսЧһһڶô򵥡
һȭұһɲǣҶȭϻҪᾧһ㡣
飡ܺȻһ£һҼ㣬׹⻬Ķ϶ʱͳѵĺۼֻǹ±ŽҷɣȻ㣬ͱҶһȭ׷
ϵĻܹâ
һȭδ˥İֱӴ˶ѵڣ𵴵ʹһƤһ㣬͵׷˳ȥ
ҶŲչһӶοݣƻ㣬ȭ
ɡʶҶһȭѶʱˣĨȥ˿ڽǵѪѸִӻȡһƷһСɡӭջһΣһ³ſɡʱ˿ա
ˮһطΧɡ۳һС
飡Ҷȭ徢ɡػ˿
˲ɱֵҶȭһ֮£ȭΪֵ߾ٶֱſһ㣬ֵԵڽڱǣһѸƱԵһֱѵƼ⴦һӨ͸ľݻ
ҶһԾ˲ϢԾǰն޸ɽ߳һֱ絶ն£
̶Ѳ𣬶ѵķɡȻһи˺˿
ɡ¶˶쳣𾪵ݡ
ٷҶһֻѾ̽˹ָȵشϡʱŵҶˡ
ҶصΪƾֶܶԸôЦ
ˣѾɫҰܵص
Ա߼ǰ߹ݵ鱦ʦֵǲɫɷףȽڴ
㡭һǿһЦӲͷƤ
նԼͰװɡҶ˵ֱָϵںڵıۼϣص
ȻҪҵף
ѷ·Ыһ㣬ɫɷף¶һ˿ʹɫҶ쵰治һʶһ۾ͿֵƵƷס
׷ͬСɣǲһͷǧʵƳɣʱֲȡѪԵ𷴸һ귽ɣһר޵߶ԣһƷ׼ֱڡ
ţҶٺЦһ̧һ֮£жѸոǩµĶԼǷڷ衣
Ȼˣȴˣ㡭ܻܲһ
ܡҶһЦʲôҪҪס
ĸжһЩӵܣԳеΪˣĴǣսķԸʦеĳó棬ȻĻһӾҪԴСĶӮ˾ĴöֵȾԼ˾͸ţƤһô
Ըרž߹竣õİ취Ǹеʹʹֹסë
㣡ݣƤǵͨ죬ҲҶ˵ʲôˣոԼһ˳ֿȭҶѾʮֶۣˣ˶עǿԺûɼˡ


123 
ҧгݵؽֱϵߴıۼףݺݵصݸҶ
ҶϴʤߵЦݣ־ͽ˹
Ʒ320־260400290312ָ5/룬ָ5/룬ܣ⻷40%ȫ200%
Ҷһ׺øߵ԰Ϸˮأͷ֮ĵ֮£ԼнƷ컯ȭٶ
ԼǼǳӦöɴˡ
漴ֽ˹⸱ۼףԼ档
ϺȻīɫĹ⻪һ˪ɫĻѸٿʼԼѣѸһƬɫļУһϷ׭ѭȫ߲Լȫ¶˸š
൱װҶǿϢȫ૵ص׻ʺߣ̫˷ˡ
Ҷ׵Ҿ֮ͬѾγһǿļ飬ּȻûʶǸ֮ȴܹĸʡ
ʱƣѾӵ˳𲽽ס
ոմ֮ҶоԼ̾ͱһȼ
ƨԷרŸõģѶʱƿڴ
Ҷ۾ĬĶѵͷȥ
Ա߼鱦ǰֵĵҲͷɥ
ѶݺݵؿҶһۣ漴תͷһߵسɽȥˡ
ֻһһͷعѣкᣬᡣ
пռǵóҶһЦζһеıۼף
Ѷһ£תƨһ㣬Ťͷܡ

Ժĺɽһصش
Ҷ۾գĴָס˶ףָߵźԣһ͵Լλײš
ʱ˿̣ǼɫķӡתݣΧɴɵӿͷϵվһִϡ
ţͣĦűλãȫÿһѨѸĻ˸һ飬¶ʱůڵģ˵泩
һƵ֮ȫ¾Ȼðϸϸĺˮ
ЩĶתȻƽȭʮҪأ
Щ֮ҶҲʱоȫˬ͸ģ˼쳣͸
֮Ҷ书ٶˣʱϸһԼԽУԼ书Ѿһߵľء
컯ȭ5磬Ѿ8ΪҲؿʼףн׵ľ硣
ֻҶϴǰ㣬һٳԼϣûԶǲͣذȭϵ׽ϴķŴȫĽǣȻÿʱֽϴһ϶ʹĴϴȫ硣
ůڵѨ֮еĸоѬѬʵˬĲУȫϴڴѩɽʱֱѩඥʹˡ
ǳԷˮô׳ܵģǳԷˮҲҪһˮȵתܳˡ
ֻн״ܹ
Ƴǣ¥꣬ĴϣڷСħͭɰаǮլĻͭ롢ԾȵСͷڷŵģԵĿ
ƹĺ͵СҶ̵֮ͷһȼ˻ʵۻҪ𾴡
¥ƹС֪ҶݣҲɴĸ˶Դ˵û˿֡
˵֮ظĤѾˣԺѾ֪˹ϵɴ󣬻ЩϲںҶȣӰڵӡ
Ҷ˼֮ԾͰصƳ֮УҶÿҪܺܳ·ԴҲΡ
ɴѾһᱡ˯ۣһ˫޳߸ſڴһͣƾҶһ˫
Ҷʩ֮һ˫ϻذĦ־ȵֱӴ͸ǣ̼ɴ
ɴҲݹ࣬·һǵĴŮٷǸĴͷˡ
ҶɴüͷְĵҶͷϣߣôʥʲôã
Ȼкôˣ㲻ҪСЩʥ飬еĴ͸Ҷһµϣ飬·׵ĶˣеϰħͺƳһ̹ͨڹ練ƣҪȻʱΪʲôҪǶʶ֣ʵһԭڴˣ֮ͻƵ֮죬Ϊԭ򣬺ܶͨ㿴ĸ͸ţǼ⡣
ɴСŮƲƲ죬ɫ䲻Щй
Ȼ̫Ҷ˵ǵҶڱŵʱȷʵֻ߰˾Žף̶һʱﾹȻʦ׵ľ磬ѾԶԶһʵ˭޷Ĩɱʵ
ҪҵĻڻšҶ§ס֫Լϣһ˫ֿʼȫλɧ
ȥɴݺݰһۣҶɧţȴûж˵ʲôֻǰȻĿָо
Ҷ˵ûдɴжϲ٣ȴΪ޵Եʣʹȴһֱڻرܺѹ֣ľϵĲܿѾӰ쵽顣
;˵󷨱ַǻӰ죬ǻˣʦ۷徳֮ȫǱ;˳Բ£ԼľͬҲΪԲ쳣ᶨ
Ǽᶨ飬ԴơҶȺûͷ֮ƫ֮ز쾳硣
¥ڵĵ˫ޣĿĲֻŮ˫ô򵥣ͨͬʱһɲǣͨҵϵ
һſ飬ȴоǻõƿЩѵĸо
Ҷ§סȵڣһʱ˵ڴˡ
ɴСѾߣſλõС㣬ҶүһλˣָҪҶү


124 Ԫ
Ҷ·߳¥ڣһӰӳУ͡
ȻǶѡ
Ҳݣô쵰ҶȻŭƿڴ˵ϱǲ鳵ģרŻ˵ĺ£
ˣˣһﶼԼŮ˼ʱţ
㡭ܲܰ׻ңȫ̧ͷһۣµص
Ŷ᲻ˣҶЦЦؿ
ҧƤͨ졣
Ȼ̧ͷҡǮ
ҶѧǰصүɶȱҾǲȱǮ
Ҷһ٣ѵӼǳɫˣһ仰Ҳ˵ˡ
ҶʱЦжʱˬ
˵ʵڻߣǿҲûôЩжﵹмרʺõѥӡף㿴µؽţһ׶ѣ㣬ҲûʲôˡҶḧֵıۼףصʵҲ㣬ҪȥһطЩΣգҪҴܹȻͰ׻㡣
˻棿Ѿϲص㻹ҪòУ
һƭıҪ𣿡ҶʧЦĸ°ɡ
ѵɫʱ磬Ҫôð
ıأټļӳ֣Ҷ㹻İգڣ컯ȭ͡ľأʱɾͲʦˣһλͷβڸ֣
һλڸְ޵Ѿ۷徳Ϊ
ﻹһ˫׺սѥһ㡣ѻæӻһ£ȡһ˫͸Ƴɵףݸұװ㽻ģǼȻˣʱͰǼ׶ңצºˡ
⸱ɫ沼ϸСƬһǿϢ
Ҷһۣ漴ָȥһůڵĴ֮͸֮С
ףϹƤƶɣ渽Ϣ+180
ðɣòƶҵǻаʱҶһˡҶ룬жȻм鲻мˬؽ˹
ѶʱһЦݿصãξףҶض飡˳أ
㣡Ҷݺݵһ۵ס⼸ڲ׼ңȻҷǰƤɹģ
Ѷʱһ£תͷһ̵˳ȥ

Ϻ֮У빬ĴԱߵһµСƫ֮С
һ糺ɴµŮӰȻһѪɺɵľϣ˺һϸɣ٣ֻͷ˿бһֻͭķͷһ㷢ڰϡüһɫ룬˫֮ȴҵ̺죬һ˫üҲǰɫģɨ֮䣬һĨ֮⡣
˿ȥ·һɳԾĻһ㣬̬ȴ쳣ĳһķװһһ֮䣬ȫë׶΢΢ɢŵĺ
ī꺭ȻˣΪβһ߹ʲôӣ
Ȼ䣬Ȼ۾˿˿ɫĻƺۿзɳ֮ѾһƬȵĻ֮
еȻ̧紺е΢΢һã·ͬ׽һ㣬һ״ĻѾ֮ˡ
֮кȻһͷֵĻˣһɢ˿һſ˹ȥ
ȻһǵЦ˹ķɻ֮нˣСǰݷ
Ȼһһںɫطת֮䣬ͻһɫںڵĳߣ״ķ˽ʮ£ں콻֮£Ǳŷɢҿ
תۼ䣬ͷںڳ߾Ѿͷֵķ˸˺˷顣
Ӳ˺ںڴ֮ͷɳĻȻһವػһ⣬ĺӰҵ˹ȥ
˹㲻ôİɣСôкϢŶ
ۿλ漴˳ǸŮȻ̧һΣһڵɫĳƾշɳһסŻ档
ɫĽȻ籡תֵ֮£ŷ˷׽˿
ŮӲǱˣȻϴδѩɽҶֱ֣ݺݶթһĺŮӡ
ŮһĨʧ֮ɫصī꺭ΪҲûоһһ˻棬ȻҪԼıֵ
С书˲ˣǴСĹнˣʷԪľ磬˭֮ܵī꺭ЦǴһ˿ȻЦ⣬ɫطһ䣬漴˹
ߵȭһԪȴҲ߸ֶеľ硣
־ǧٳսɱԵɺ£츳ڵߣͿаֵȭ⣬޸ǷտԲܹͬԪ飡
ǰƮŮϵϵѾտ˵Ƿ켫ĵزĻ淨跨ȻȻγһͷͷȸȻ衣
Ůɫõصī꺭ϴҽûУûãĪҪɻ˹롣
ױŮӣɫĶüһ٬漴ַе顣
дɾ͵ˣһ־㣬ֱǰˣ֮ԲȺΪͬ
˲Ѱȸһ裬ͬŮӣȻī꺭ȴǿġ
ī꺭һЦС㣬СˣҴѾȫˣС֪ҶǸ쵰ںδ
Сüͷ΢壬еصī꺭˵ĿģҶںδ
ī꺭۲ת΢΢Ц֪ҶǸ쵰ѾͶУϴʱѾʦŲľ磬ͻֻ֮¹㡭
ֹѾּ
ߣŲʦҲ㲻ʲôī꺭ȵӵļʩչߣĥҵ֮С촽΢ƲصΪ쾳ôͻô֪쾳ĸΪҴ̼Ѩ˸˥߶³
ī꺭۲һתЦβЩǰȥСӿɲöԸأ˵ȭ⡣
ȭ⣿ţе˼ˡС¶˼ɫֵ̧˵ָص˵ȭ֮˵ߣ²ȥʡȥɡ
ī꺭ָʹ̬ȣֻ΢΢һǷתȥ
зһ˿֮ɫ


125 ɽ
ȭ⣬ȭ⡭Сеֽ˼˻֮С
ֱڵطԸһ䡣
ˣȥڣ
ԱߺȻһһõĻӰ΢΢Ƿתͷɳ˹⡣
Ƭ֮һӺһ˽
ǰ̬ýһ˫ȴԼϥǣԵüƣǳ
ǰһС㣬ʲôԸ
塣Сվüģ΢΢üҼǵ鱨˵Ҷˣ뿪񾩵ʱҲ߾ô̶ʱͻƵô죿Ȼܻȭ⣿һ£⵽ʲôԵʣ
۲һ漴źӣ˳˼֮С
ԱǸЩ֮ɫڵС㣬ҶȻһλھĸ֣Ҷһֱ֮ɱ֮ȴ࣬Ҳûʲô֪书ķ⵹֣òǻ԰ɣ
ī꺭ƭңǶԴԼĳˣǲġӵĿԣȴÿɷתʵ壬ô£
˼Ƭ̣ڵС֪仹޷ؼһͨ˳Ҳ°빦ˣ֮κ鵤ҩҪǿٱҶ׹ټҵ伮ʵҲ͹ģд˵ľΪ棬Ҷ϶ǵʲôҲ˵ϣҪͻ쾳磬ҲͲΪˣȭ⣬ҲΪ档
˼һ£Ҷ븮ʱʲôطҲ˵
ߣǵˣҲֻǸӰˣܽô죬ҿǸī꺭Щˣ˵ҶʲôҲ˵ԱߵǸߵС㣬²ͷݣǰȥ죬ұ׼ǰ㣡
صȴЦЦûнӲ
ȥһɣȭ⣬ֻ㻹ĶءСվ̧΢΢һץһŵɫĻڶתۼ䣬ͻһͷֵķˡ
С赭дصòһȭĸ֣һֱԳԣߵȭߵķԪ񣬾ӣҪһ˵ͻƾҲ˵ء
з⣬ڵһҪƭأܹȭĸһֱǷëǣ˭
Сƽ޲ǳһڵɫνˣڹҲ̫ˣȥתתҲãֻҪܹʶһ£һҲֵˡ
ȻСˣŰɡ̧ǡ
ٿȻĸĽýӷ·ӰһŮӵǰϥڵء
硢ס𡢵磬ĸҪػС㣬ҪôС޺֮ǣľˡ
ǣĸūӦ

ҶһװԼĺԺ֮С
˵ʵڻޣεԼ壬װ֮ĶŲġ
һҶҲûʲôºɴһսˡ
Ƕ쵰᲻ǼףҪһҶεذеװһӣľ˵һ顣
㻹͵ˣɴЦʵ˵ߣҪ֮ķ
渽ԻǷǳߵģõšҶص
õţɴͦ֫ǲ׼Ҫ
Ҷһʱ޲úݺݴԼһ͡
ΪʲôŮһͻعϵ֮ȴˡ
㣬Ҫȥһ˱ԭɽҶĿע֮£ƲƲ죬漴·Ƶг
ǻһȥɡɴָסҶıӣҧ˦ңϴȥһό·ϺŮǣ壬ٵʱ򣬾ǴόСѱ۽Σûңܣ
ҶɴӦҲŶԡ
Ź֡ɴװͰ͵ؿҾǱôģ
ɴֻǵİȫ
֪뷨ɴס֣дһ˿԰ʶһҵ书Ժ󶼻ˡ

ŵһƫļԣŲ豭֮ڡ
ǰվһģˣǺ¥еһƣòģһ˫ȴԴ͸ľ
С˼λү⼸Ҷһֱں¥ɹ
ɫɫһ漴ʵʲôҪĶ˵
ƵͷǣҶɴÿ۹֮⣬СԼ˵ʲôأԭħһ֮Դǡ
أ۾
˲ɫؽһɿһгһŽƱݸˣ⼸Ͳˡ
Ǹƶʱϲæ˹ȥ
¥Ϊģ˲ˣƸո¥ãرں¥ߣ˿ûʲô֮ȴַ̼ĶѨʹǿܹʮԶϸ΢ټں¥װʱõһЩ͸ĻأҶɴеĶԻ
磬ô죿ؿʵ־أ鱦㲻ʲôˣΨһǶĵģҲֻ鵤ҩˣңҲܹúõĴҶһ£ҪҪǺ棿
ذ˰ֵȹ۲һ¶ҶҪȥԭҲܸǺ棬˹ģֱӾȥɺȥԭ
ǴӢʱϲ


126 ȭVSԪһ
ӺϣһɫĴһĢɢںϷïдĴԭϣԶһ۾ĸɽɽϻƶµĲԭϣһȺȺţ򣬷·ưƶ䣬ڲԭȻƮš
ĺԶͷɺںˮ֮Ϸ߮ʳŷϺ
ƥһؿڲԭϼٵرţ㽦̳һ·ɽȥ
Ҷɴ֮˾˼ƥһͬɽ˹
һ·ϣ˵˲ٵܣвĻϲС䣬ȴвҶɴ֣һһڵء
ǰһԼĪٶ˵ȺҪˣҶʩչĹһ޺֮£ȭⲪȻûͲڵأƥƷı̾˵ˡ
ҶӭתʱʱʹѶȵĶ
ɴ΢ЦһԺЦؿҶĶ
ЩҶȭϵسؾϲ֮УƷϵ书ȭףϴ֮£Ҳȭ⣬书ֹһ֮࣬Ҫ߶·ӡ
Ҳ𲽽ԼڵɢҵΪһʵ׼Ҫͼһͻ쾳硣
Ͼɴʦ֮ǰ˽ʮĿ๦֮ۻ֪ˡ
ɣ
ҶµıȻһֵس˻֮ЩѶȶҶ˦
æסϸɨΧ
ɴһĿһƬ۵Ļ졣
ǰһƬں콻ӵĻ𺣣ĿһƬͨͨĳң֮ӿֳһ˶ޱȵĺ·Զʱ֮ӿŰһ㣬γɵĻþסǵΧ
ϵĻ·Եؿһ㣬µսֵ˼
Ҷɴɫͬʱ
ܹôһƬˣҲӦһ׵ڸˡ
ǰֻһƬ󡣡Ҷǰĵĺ𺣣Ȼ֪Ǻη֣ǿôЦ
ǰĺȼգû˿춯
ȻǾͲٶ˵ʲôǳİɣ
Ҷһ˦˵ϣվ
˫ֽһӡƬ̣Ȼһ˹

һ޺֮£¡һɾ޴ɨܣ·𺣳һ㣬سˢţǰĺ𺣻þ̾ͱˢ˸ɸɾ
Ҷ˫Ŀⱬһȡ
һ̺ɫӰȻҶǰ
ŮڿƮɵϺȻһɫĻƣЩ̻ʮֻȸƵĹ񣬶ЩԼо貵ǹ롣
Ůʮ·ȴǻƣ¸ֻһƬ΢΢ڵĻƣֻû˫ŵ
ȻǶݳԪģҵԪûɵģ֪ʦΪѾ۷塣
ʦԪֻģһѣֻв֮βܹ۳ʵΣʵû˿
ŮΪѾʤόˮƣѾھΪ
Ҷеȵǣŵһֵֻֻȸ֮⣬ֱǻģ
ȻǷԪ񣬺
ҶеصһͫҲ΢΢սˣȫڣȴ˪ŮӣüһĨ߸ϵİ
ײˣŮ˲ھΪѾ˷Ԫ
ȭҲ൱ҶŮһ˫Դ̺㴽
¡Ҷص
ŮҶɴȻǷ֮˵όˮҲһȣ
λŮôݳԪ񣬲ԶǧңòҲһȰɡҶְ棬赭дصôҵ˽¸
ȻһʹɴݺһѣҶæתͷȥɴһǸЦݡ
Ҷ̯֣εصûУҺһȡˮ¶ûлһˡ
ȻǡŮüһüɱݣص֮ˣҲռˡ
ܲҵ׹ҶһѹסߵֱſеĻƣȻʵϼȻǮδܹôһλʦĶ֡
Ůӵص㻹ȫһͿɣסҵ֣ҽ誡
ɴüͷס˷ɽҶŮΪܸߣ¡
صġҶס֣صɴ˵һ߰ɣҺúһ£Ҳôʩչȭġ
ɴ֪ԼﲻæͷõģҪСһЩ
ԶȻһ΢ЦλӣҪĻΣ
ҶӲȻɫ䣬Ȼī꺭
һںɫȻӶǰһϮɴ̬ˣòī꺭
ɫãصī꺭˭Ҫģ
ī꺭˿Ϊ裬ЦһС㣬㲻ҪᣬСҲֻѣСˣ
ɫãڣɴѾһЦ漴ӱһڳһߣıɣ
Ľϲһƣһ֮£һĽⲪȻ


127 ȭVSԪ񣨶
ɴǡݽԭƷĽҶ컯ȭͼ׸꣬Ҳͻ˾磬˽⡣
ңɴɽսΣҲʮֵķḻҶҲϸ˵ī꺭书Ϊ
Ůȷභ֮Աߵһɽ֮С
ɴϸģҶֶԵУرǺŮһ˴
Ҷְŵɿվţ۾ſΡȻ誡
ɫ΢ݣҶոնķԪľ̾һ㣬ҶոշȭҲоĲܣָо·֮һغĸĤһ㡣
˵꣬̽һֻȻԪûȴʵޱȣָ״ת
ȥ߳һﳤণָһᵯ꣡꣡꣡ƿվ֮£״ֱ罣ɫõķ˻ѾҶ˹֮ȴһɱѵ⾳
ҶԭɿվţֵһɲǣԭƱշǱյ۾Ȼˡ
ǰ͵̤һ粶ʳĻһˣƲȻ
ǰٷ˻棬Ҷˡ
ҶŻ棬ұ۳ֳ˵֮ƣһɨ֮£ǽžһ죬͵һߣּǹһңңһָ
ž·𱻳鱬Ƥһ㣬˱Ƶһ㡣
꣡ѵɫĻҶȭһָȻڿܵһͣһѵͬʱըѳɫĻǡ
ڿеŮӣ·Ҳܵȭƻڿ΢΢˳һ
ñ졣΢΢۾͵ȭȻҷĿǡ
ȭ⣿ҶЦ
ҪΪȭ⣬ΪһԶ빬ܵôɸ߸ϵ׼ŭҶţȭôǺǣȻе˼Һ֪ߵķԪߵȭ
°ȻؿҶָ֣漴һ֮£һֻȸȻ
ͿҶԭأȤؿſзͷȸ񣬺Ȼص
誵һЦȻ̴΢ţᴵһ糺ɫһͷΧϷȸȻһ߳ণէֶ
ֻͷȸڿжȻһĻΣһ˫ɫĻצӣҶץ˹
úãҶ˫ĿȻڹ⻪Լ΢΢һǿ
ӭһͷȸܵƵĴ̼֮£ƺоΣգʱЩʧ౵ƺʮֵľһ㣬漴ſ˳һ֮£ȻܿҶĵ⡣
ķԪ񣡡Ҷɫݡ
ǷԪ֮ˣѰĻΪҪȻͻḽͷֻܵȭԼӼ̾ͻͳͳɢǷԪȴǸһתһױܼԡ
ͷȸڿжȻ֮£΢бһ»һߣץҶץ˹ȻһͷֵķһѸ
ƣҶһյֱ۽⣬Ȼ͹
һ޺֮£ȸȴζȻһϡ
Ǻॣսһʷɳƾյͷȸ
һɲǣһ쳣ҵұ˳·һִƾը죬ӭһ㡣
ӭͷȸھҶʮɵľ룬ȻıϺ֮£һըѳĻǡ
ҶؽУؿ
ͷȸȻҶɵسɢеԣ
ţãȻ⣿Ȼ˼Ҿܺһˡ
֪˭ˣī꺭İɣҶкصŮˣһȻң
֪ΣŮӴǴһĨЦ⣬ٴηͷ˵ĻתˣΪ㻹лܹ𣿡
ɣͷȸͬʱУڿлһĻצӳҶ˹
úãҶûгֻּٻζ֮£һӴʼ֮з
飬Ҷҵ繥Ǵ׶ҵײͷȸ
ͷȸγɵһӸ˸ţҼѹ֮£ͷȸȴȻڲ಻֮зѣȻûбɢ
Ҷһ£̧һָȵ
䣡סͷȸȻزźұ֮£ͷ׺ȸһըѳһ糺ĻǣȻͬʱҶһˡ
ҶһǷ㣬벻Ȼôһ֣ðɣҾʶһ빬ľ󣡡
΢΢ЦȻ̧һһɫȳԼ֮У˿˿ҵػ
;£оŸβ𣬸ëŻƥ̺ɫ
һҡ֮£˺ȻƾʧˣؼȻһƬѪɫ


128 ȭVSԪ
ҶͷٿȻһ˶ޱȵҽУҽģһͷ˫ķ衣
ҽسҶѹΧǺ׵ǽڣһ沨˸ѾյŤ
Χ׵ǽȴѹ˹·һ¯Ҫ˳˿ɻҽһ㡣
ƿҶԭأ͵һȣͷ϶Ȼˣһɰƴľ
μȡȴǱģǴһʵ
ƣҶ͵ǰ̤һֻһԲȦںһȭ
һɰ޴ȭ⣬һ¾ͽסУкȻ͵һһǸ͵ȭͷ
飡ҶĴȭ֮һűҵݺݵغŻе֮С
ΧڵķҶһȭ֮£һ;ķβڻ֮жȻԳԭ
Ҷָһһš֮£ͷϵĻ潥ѹһС
ô£ȭ⾹Ȼסҵķɻȣ誶ʱʧɫæеķݺݵע˷ɻ֮С
ɻϵĻתһͷ˶ޱȵķԳԭͣড
컯ħҶһͷϵľ֮УȻɳһͷƥĻޣһɰԵޱߵƣһץ˵ͷ˵ͷϡ
ɻȶʱһûӦͷħҲȥŽͷ˸˺һƬ
Ҷոһȭʱϵľӡɨ˸ɾˡ
ɻʧȥˣʱƮƮƵشӿ
Ҷζһչ̧־ץ˹ȥ
ɶСȭ⾹Ȼֵزе誷ŭһһɷػһƬƣ͵سץ˹ȥ
ûץסȣҶѾյ֣һռ˹ȥ
꣡誷ʱҶ˸飡
ɶ񣡡ּŭȻһУȫҹĵ֮£ǧ߳Ҷ˹
ʮͷųβȸ˷ҶΧ˹ȵĻ
ƿҶҲȭⲪȻ֮£ս𵶣һҹս˷ƥһѩ㽫ס˷Ѿͷȸײɢ˿
ͬʱϿһ˵սҲԼҡ
ī꺭Ц̵ؿȻĿӵɴԪΪȻȣҲʦľˣԪγɵģ
ѡսģɽ֮ͺϾ˱һߡ
ϧǵͱɴˡ
ī꺭תȻЦһλӣҿǶ֮ǰһΣ
ɴֽ֣ĿȻת䣬ī꺭Ҷ˵㣬ī꺭Ʒʵںܵӣ˵һ᲻ô
ôī꺭зһ˿Թָ̧һСĵصҶǸĺû˵ī꺭ĺأ
ɴһȻһЦ˳صī꺭Ų֪ҶҹҺн񱣬ʳΪ
㣡ī꺭ӶʱǺˣʲôƻɴķ̳ˣؿɴҧгݵصáɴͿ湻ģղһ
ȻˡɴһЦһĨ⣬Ȼһ֮¡
һһɫĵ飬ͬʱسī꺭Ϯ
㡭ī꺭һ⧲£ŰɫĵԪ֮к󣬺Ȼһһ
ī꺭ʱһУȫ¶ʱϺɫ˸š
ɴдĵ貢ǷƷͻѪǧۻƾƶɵģרſ߶ݳԪ߶ݳԪȻˣȴֶī꺭پԼԪ֮жȻһʹĸоǰδеܸоʹҽС
ৣɴûһ֮£ವһ¾Աߵһ֮С
ʱ֮кȻһӰǱˣ磬ɴȻԼʱʧɫּ֮£˸绡ҷɴ˹
ɴһ֮£еĺȻɳһĨںߵӰӣںڵıӰ֮£žžһұ죬緢ʮУȻһ󵶰ʵʵسĶͷϡ
类һ漴ԭزˡ
ѩ׵Ķͷ϶ʱһϵĺۼǿ׶ͬʱһѪ˵ˡ
ͬʱ˰Ͼ˫ֽﶯ֮£ʮżĻ泯˹ɴȻ͵תȥ͵һ֣˲䱻˱ֱıǹһ㣬һ˹ȥһڹ磬ͽϾķһ±档
ͬʱʮŻųϮ
ɴְγ˱֮֯£ֵĽ⽫ӭĻ澡ɽɢ˿
һ˰ɡɴԼܶıӣƵ̾˿ɫת䡣
ʱ˿̣ī꺭ϺȻȼһɫĻ棬ȴѾתӲرȳԪ֮еħۣϸŵϺɫİߺۣȥˡ
Լ¾ȻɵˣʱûһĨ֮ɫ
һ֣һںɫĻ泯˹


129 Ԫ
ҶصͺһīɫĽⶸȻըѿһƬƬ۰㸽Ҷϣתۼͻһɫףȫ
һ̵ĽȪڶҶռ̤֮£ҶȻ˿Уһɫǰ㼲ɶ
Ҷһ֮£죬ƣ˲Ϣ֮䣬Ѿϵ˺ɴľ룬һ
ͣεĵƿ֮𣬾ҵĵȻըѿ調ץȵԪ֮кȻһѺۡ
һǵҵسԪ֮У⧲֮£Ԫ֮з·ǧٵһ㣬һ׻˵ʹ˲䴫ȫһزҽԪûɵĻѾһ
⣡Ҷһе֣֮ͣ£ڿƣתڿ缲磬籩һ㣬˲նʮ
ʮεĵ˲ͻĻƣݺڣֱʹ
誸оԼԪ·˲˺ѳǧٿһ㣬ޱȵĲʹȫʧȥķԪʱһεĵС
򣡡Ҷڿһ֮£Ȼɵߣ̧һָԡ
һ³ƥ誵ԪѾ壬ɢĵڣȻеը졣һɳѹ
أԭƮƮԪѾͬһʯͷ㣬ӿ͵׹һƬĺһ㡣
Ԫǰ׹Ҷķʼˡ
򣡡ҶȻ߳һ˫ָ֮£ʹ˽ˤֵĹȴĥһ㣬˫ңңض׼һһ
誵ԪŷյĵڣҶһȣ˫Ļʱ̲ϡһ㣬ҶһӾѹ˵ϡ
ֻҪ䵽˵ϣʦߣ
ҶĽ̤ŹԲһ㣬ʹһȭĴ򷨣𶯵˫׹鳣Ԫʮơ
Ԫ񻯳ɵһŷԲĺƣҶڵϣһɹҵȭȭĳ˺֮£ͣը˺ѳһѵغʱоͬ˴֮Уͷ˺ҧһ㡣
ÿһƳ֣һɱӿըѵһɹɺƴȭҳԪ񣡽Ԫǧٿף˺˿һ㡣
ƴԼȫ־ȻһؼУ̧һζԪ֮һɫβ𼲷ɶ

һ糺ɫĵιֺȻ˰͸ĵ沼ķﻨƣһ沨ƿʼ˸˶ʱڵ֮нΡ
͸˽͸糺쵰ǹ֮УҶؿϳۼ·𱻵һ㣬˵Ե쳣
ƣҶһ̤һ޺̧һȭ϶£ҵش˳ȥ
״Ļ棬ȻһĻ棬һɰ֮ƣȻѹҶȭ⡣
˿״ħһ㣬ȫɫһɹ쳣ҵĻ棬ûԪ֮еĴˡ
Ϊû취ԸôҶص
жȻ˷ɳһһСƴСĵؽžͻһ޴ĺ׵ĳɫ
˵һ𵤶ȻַɳҶٵԽת
ܡ
ҪȡǿĻ޵Ԫڵ
ٻͣҳȡԪ񣡡Ҷһ˵ȡܡ
¡ܲĵ֮жȻʢըһհػһ˶ޱȵĻſһ·ȡ¾һ㣬һӾסݵԪ
誶ʱһ⧲֮£һ¾ͱ˶У֮еľʱʼ˷ܵش
Ҷڷõⷽ׵ٻǿģֻʮֵĿ̣Ҫôûϵ޵ԪҪôǻϵ޵ڵ
㻹ܣ򣡡ҶЦһ˫ע̧һָһȡ
誶ٸԪ飬·ѹһޱȵĴɽ㣬һְӸ߿֮Уѹ˶ڡ
һλ濪ʼڶڼתţڴ˷ͣ˺Ԫ񡣡ҶԸң빬ͳүǾŹģڻ֮зţĽ
үԭǸ˵ߺߣŹңһŹأ˵ˣҾʲôû˻һˣʲô£ǲʲôƨүҶɫһ漴ЦȻѾˣôܹһʵһݣٺٺ٣͸ɣ
ҶȣͷͬʱƣſѪڣҧס˺ԪſצԪ˺֧˿
һ죬֮ɫĻһ·飬ɢ˿вͣػصһ
ʱ˿̣ɴī꺭֮ĽҲѾӽβˡ
Ѿֵī꺭¼ҹˣɴҶ񶷣淭ͣ
ɴڿԾ̧һ̳һӭϮķг漴춯ӳ
ī꺭ȻսթɴԴȴ㾭˴Сǧսթյ޶ʵսḻޱȣȫī꺭ֶܹġ
ɴĽܣּ֮ɱī꺭ȻһʱȴͻƲķ
ɴһ֩룬ͣؽչʤһһε
ī꺭Щˣ˼֮תһڷȥ
ӦúϾŮػģʵڰ಻סҶĳޣöŮԱ͵Ϯ
ɽڲûա
һƬݲ֮Уɴ塣
ߣҪܣɴһȻӱһϹڵĶ̧̽һָ
쬣һϵڿ˼Ȧ˲Ϣ͸ϵī꺭ߣкͻһ׹⣬ľỮ
ࣵһī꺭ԪոչλûüѾرɽĽ˿
ɴ㲻մһ㣬һ̬ŵ
㡭ī꺭ضɴȻһſڣ͵³һѪ
ؿϳһѪۣȻûѪǽϵİȴѾֱ͸࣬ڵһ
ī꺭Ȼضָһӡһɫ۾šǿס֮ð˳۳һӰ
Ӱ쳣񶾵ؿɴ
ɴгȻջأȻһְס֫һְסʺܿڳХ
һպڱ˳ǿҵƺҪ˺һһ㡣
ī꺭ڿߵԪȻһĲҽУ಻˿
սԶһصɽ֮Уһɫ·۵ŮĬȻԭأ˫ʮָһ״ӡֻӰüȴ糺𣬱һͷɫںڵ˿Ҳһ㱡ĵɫĹ
ԱĽǴλãվĸӣֱֳ£һεشܡ
ĸӸȳƿ࣬ĳȣ̬ϬȻʦ۷徳ĸ֣
ȶڵϾĬĺŮӣеӡȻһɢȻɢˣԱĸػūɫ䡣


130 繯
ãѵСʲôˣĸūһСʱʧɫһʱ޴
Ԫ֮֮лϵԪһ˿ϵƾӡάϵס˿ԪԴΪܹͨԪܹٻԪɢˣֻҪһ˿д棬Բ𣬷ص֮о½һ˿Ԫ׳ˡ
Ԫһױ֮Ҳ͵ھһ˿ԣӡȻͽ᲻ˡ
誵ӡɢңαҲʹһ˿ⶼסˡ
ĸū޴ĵڣԶԶأһѸӰһɱѸƥδһ̳
ٺٺ٣ǼС㵱ȻѾˣ͸͸ġԶԶҶЦ
ϴҶʱҶˣҲطܹͨԪһ˿ϵסԼԪ񣬾ɢԼԪҲܹۼԼĲԪ鷵صԼ֮Уǻлܹص֮Уҩ²֮£Ԫͨһʱָܹ
һȴͬˣҶƾⵤȫԪ飬Ȼһپڻ˵Ѿȫȫɢؼ䣬ûлָĿˡ
һѸӰǷɹҶˢһսת˲Ѿū͵֮䣬һƬѩǽĵĻ
յ⼲֮£ūеıնϿѪŽ£Ѿ촦
ս𵶷ƥнǲڻˡ˵ı׾١
ԱʣūУһūͱߴһսһͦҶ͵شɱ˹һҵӿ
Ҷһһͷϣͷϱϰգ𵴵Ļڱ˿Ҷһ̣ͻüһһ֮£˲ϴһѪ
Ҷ漴һһūѾ촦ˡ
תۼ䣬ĸ书ǿū;Ѿ촦ˣҶһǰѾĵز誡
˵Ǹ÷Ź㣬ǸɱأҶȻеС
֮УȻڲͣţλôһĴָСĺ㣬ƴڻ֮ƴ
ҶԪ񣬾þò
ܹɾڵΪûִ͸ĺˮǿ츳ԴҲûá
ɴĵôˣ
Ҷ񶸵һɱеս𵶣׼İ񾱡
Ȼ󣬵洹ڵˣ˼䡣
֪ҲǾЩ²֡Ҷ誵ӣεؿЦû뵽ɱ˲գ۵ҶүҲһ졣
Ͷˣ˴ˣҵĵ¡ɴЦššӣ˵ˣҪɱֻļΪϼһҲġ
ת˹ȥ誵ȡһֻɫ
Ƕɫıʯͼ侫¡
ɴһ˫ӣصԪֻûʮ꣬ǲָģɡ
ҶȻ̾˿ִ̧ӵץһŵɫָһŵɫڿŤתһ£Ȼֻ߹ɣ֮ˡ
ȣȣ誾ҵؿ˼۾ҶתۿΧʬ壬жʱһ˿
ҽ첻ɱ㡣Ҷֻ̧˻ص÷ģ׼㱳ļϼһҲ׼ߵ֣лᣬ֮ĶԹԼҪӮң࣬ңһ·
誳ĬƬ̣صͷãҾͷġ
㣬Ҳ㱳ǰϼһǡҶ˻ӣصļˡ
誴ɽ֮ó˼ҩ̷ȥȡһɫĵᰴԼü֮УĦš
޺޵ؿԶȥҶˡ
Ҷĸ˳

ӺϵһƬɳ֮УҶվһԪ׮״˫ֱǰغš
컯ȭеȭȴб仯˫ʮָץָȭơֱգ֮䣬óʮ
ɴȴһԣϤĵĶһнƷ޵ͷһɫȣ˿˿Ƶĺڡ
Яֻɽռ伫󣬱ҶԽ滹Ҫ٣ҶҲṵ̂࣬ޣò̫ķֽĵⷨ뽣ɴ
Ҷ벻ģĿռ֮УȻһɫںڵĳǹһʮ˽صĸֱޣ˳ǹ͸ֱ⻬羵Ҳ֪ʲôɵģֱ趯ȴƥ֮ӻҪʤ˼֡
ҶսѾķյĿӿˣ
ʮа˾սʱɻıûմȾѪ֮
ڵȴˣȭΧͣش߷֮£ѾһȼյĴ¯һһɫ󹯽Ľ⻺Ļɡ
Ǧ
ҶжʱӿһϲǦľ絽֮ɢң磬ʹԼԳѨˡ
Ǧ֮ٷ֮ɢңھ֮гˮѰѾǿ˲ֹʮʱǦƾƽѪвѾȫ벻ˣǾͷǵÿѨͨأԴԴϵؼȡؾ¾ܹ䲻ɡ
˻Ԫ׮³һ
񽣻߷죬ȫˣ¾ûϷˣ誻̫ˡɴɫı沼ϸСĻȸ֮Ļһһ֮


131 
ҲͻһأǲװҶ³һ
ƣ
ҶͺһʼתʶһһͷϵѨϡ
мһյ裬΢΢ɶһ£ǵֵĿƺ忪һ϶ҶȻе˿˿ƺ͸˽
ȭһͣЩѨϡڣмһذˣ˿˿ֱ͸Ҷڡ
Ҷ鲻Խش˸ͷֱʱƺҲоڵҲƺ˳ѨϷ˳ȥ
ǽڵǦһôڵͻѨУʳȥһֱݺΪֹ
һ֮£ԭЩйϱţһʼԴԴ˳Ѩˡ
Ѩ֮еԴԴ˳ͷѨϽ֮ͥУһϣҶپͷһƬ壬ȫëƺ͸һɹɵ
ϵڣʱоɢ˿ȡ֮ȴͷƤ׵ǵĴʹͬǧͷƤһ㣬ϸСʼΧԼʶҪǿȥһ㡣
Ҷɽ̨һת񹦵֮
ţһоϸСʶ·ǧĶޣֿ죬צҳʶ
֪ؼʱ̣ԼȥĻ¾ͻһӡ
ס̨ƾЩͣسʶ
أ鶸ȻһüһģĹâ·һ㣬˵ʶչΧ֮С
۾ҶѾʮءΧһһľʶ֮չ˳
ԼͷϵľŸѨ֮оŹϸؼϸСԴԴϵسȡ˽Ȼ˳ŸѨϽԼУѭһ飬ȻѸѭʮ磬澭ɢȫϸС磬ȻͨЩϸС磬ÿһĽСеķų˳ȥ
Ҷæתе֮üڵѸתѨӿ˿˿Ѹϵ֮УȻѭϵʮ¥е֮Уһ·ֱؽҶµ֮С
ǿѸѭɵ磬ɢȫµλ֮С
һƵɫǿˢ֮£Ѹ˳ҶļҲƺ΢΢øй͵ˡ
ࣣࣣ࣡ҶʱȫѨۻĳˢ֮£׷ױ𶯳忪
ʱûţǴӲؾһҵ˺ܹܶѨĹȻϽЩѨŲûᵽʲô쾳磬ҶֱеЩѨ쾳ĹϵͻڵĹؼڣ
ۻѭžˢ֮ºЩѨʱͬɺԵĺˮһ㣬Ѹٿʼ
ЩѨҲֻһЩСͨѣȻȲõ޴󣬵ٸѨͬʱҶʱѾԶԶֵͨ
ҶȫʢһɹˮһѸٳˢ£һһѭתѭ֮漴ֻػתڡ
Ҷĳ죬һƵɫ˳ƥҲƽ
ڵǦһ㣬շģԼȴܷգһǿпѨϣôԼڵľܿͻкһա
ҶȻоƤ΢΢һͶϣ·һ˫ëˢԼÿһλûˢһ㡣
Լ޼ɵشţƺҪȫ¿ͨ͸Ŀ֮͸ŨŨ𾪡
ɴڲؿһ˫޵ʱúᡣҶû۾
û۾ô֪ڿ㣿һԵɴȵص
Ҷ΢΢һȫѨеһ֮£ʱպÿһѨ֮Уһ֡
쾳֮Ҷ۾һ˫Өһ㣬Ϭ񣬿ɴ΢΢һ
ɴ΢΢üͷõصɽֵġ
Ҷ쾳磬ԲڣһֱѨȫѾȫͨ͸ԷԲΧĻУոҵʱҲ۾ƾԼѾоˣԴɱ⣬ֻҸоǿҺС
ɴ΢΢һصͷԭˣ쾳֮ˡ
Ҫ⻹򵥣Ҷ΢΢һ¶һЦ⣬§ס֫
ɴ΢΢κˡ
˵ѾΪ˫޵£֮׼ķ򸾸Ӷܣ޵ɴϾҪһӦڡ
Ҷһ֮ɴɫؽһֻɱɵĺܽأɫҲٷ㣬ȡ֮ȴ޾ֵķ飬ȴִһϢ
ԭɴȻ书ǿòŮһഺĺھ˫ϴ֮ѾָഺŮϢҶΪ֮˼֡
˫޵ĿģǻԪô򵥣ҪѾһ̶ˮϴͷž֮
ɴޣִӲŮ֮£ɮһУΪˣڵѾ׽
һһڲ֮ľ־ҪѰ֮ѾˣֻͨҵŮ˫ޣ󲨴𣬲һټ
ҶϢɴκĶҲʼܻӭ
ͬʱۿŶ˼޼ѾʤĵڣȵҶȻͣס˫֡
ôˣɴֵؿɫȲõҶʵ
ƣҶվȻһת̧һָ͵غȳ
һǰ׳漴ڿըѳһ㣬ɢ˿ɨķԶһŤӰ˳
һ²ڣɫ̡
߲ǱˣҶ°ܽѣŻŵһŷ䡣
ҶɴʱĿɿڴ
㣿ѣҸʲôҶʱðɡ
ǵΣ˵Ȼֻĺ£
Ҷ³ɺ޶ģǰһѾסɫĶѣ۾Ц
ҡҡ·һߣɺͬ·а֧˰죬Բһˣ
ɺϣװ׸㣬ɺҲУҶЦһһȭͷ˹
Ҷ֣лѸҪһ
һǰһڣصڵϡ


132 ѵĿ
֪˶ãĵ˹ԼʹԴݺ˼䡣
Ҷôݵ֣ҡϡվܵһԼϵɽ䡣
տҲĸоʱһ£ɫٿȻɷס
һذ֮һܾطա
ҿҵװҵɽأѲƵض˫ֲȫÿһʱᡣ
ԱһŴ棬һѩķɵʱע滹һŽֽ
ѻæ˹ȥְ˷ɵֻһרͨĽƱдһʷâ¶ĺ֣硣
ȴ׺䶥Ѫ
СܲţǰɽһУȱ⣬һͬǰ⣬װǧĪҡ
ּȴǻһűʶĵͼһԴ۾
Ҷ˵ѱ֮£ݺݵذ˺˸飬δ¹ֿڵʱһ

ǰԭ·ϣƥӣƵС鲽
ҶʱʱشӸյֵɽȡһаţһ֮漴ͷŻصС
ɴüҶҿѴ˱Բֺαˣ˵鱦󡭡
İɣﲻ鱦󣡡ҶһӣЦЦ֪ıԣ˱ԲǿԽύһֻһǿ˳ֽҲøһѵİɴ
ɴŷһۣҲǵģ֪Щͬһ㣬ֺα˲ʹ죿
ǺǣɴѾ쾳磬Щ˵ûʲôˡҶԶеɽ䣬ЦЦ˱ԭ֮ͻ

ͬʱһվɽС·֮УһõӼѵذš
Ϻһһģȫ·ɽʱѾҵϡò
ոתԪԼһŲƹɽͷ֮Щû۵ĲˣոͻʦΪԪȻܹУȴ֧ŲԶôԽɽͷ֮󣬽ɽϵһȺǡ
Ų·Ķδһ·һŴּ֮˵֮£ԼԪָ˴֮ŽȺһһУȥִŵϰˣΧǻûһ룬ò׻ָ˵ķֺķ˸ɾ
ѼҪʧʹˣ˴ҹ֮ڵķָֿգ˷һʱ䣬ǿѵϵȺǶ㶨ˡ
⼸տǱڵһϢʵ᲻ԼǼ׺צŸҶı
û뵽ǣҶıȻ˵д⣬һʼûô⼸֮Уᵽûװʹࡣ
ŭҶǹȫеƷװϵĴָҲҶȻͰضΣķǵһľͿʼˣÿҪʮƵĴСϮĥĿ಻ԣһ뵽ԼϵװҶ쵰ϣ۵ֱҧֻҧ֧ȥ
ҶûߵʱֻǰȫװһɨգѶɽ֮еİٲݱٹȵˮˣҪȻĻĶֻҪˡ
ҶɱǧҶֻǻĺ£Ȼ͸ôңߣ㣡
Ѻ޺޵ؿԶգÿһͺݺݵҶһ䡣
ͬʱǰïܵĲݴ֮кȻһȷ硣
ãˡɫٿȻһݣ˳˰벽һ۶֮еâ˸
ơ
ïܵĲݴкȻܳһýĹߣͷǱõǣѩצ͵ץ˹
ҿûꡭؿӭļͷǣؿЦһ
쫷磡һһӣһž޴ȻͷħɣȻ֮£һӻһǿ磬ع
ƾͷħ޷ѡ
ұѶͷ͹ָ
žһ۵ϸ̶߶ȼУһֻذ㣬һᴩͷħǵ顣
һлͷħǣ漴ͨһڵأͷţһشŴϲ˺ۡ
ոһУҶǸ쵰˻طģ쫷סͷħǣȻ󷢳⽫ԣʡĻС
Щװûˣֻÿ쾡ƽʡЩС͵ޣΪޡ÷Ѿ˼֮һѰ϶У̶̵İµʱ䣬Ȼ˲ٵķõļɣپȻʡ
ǣΣһķװǾġ
ټ࣬ҲֻѡӲȥȻĻԼһֵǵװǿɾҪˮƯˡ


133 Ҷ
ѱһֲڵٿ𣬼ѵԽɽ֮һƨɶڵϣ˼ڴ
һΧĻڲԶһܷɽ괦ЦһˣҹϢɣ٣ҵľ˿ɱǧҶ
йµҶһ䣬Ȼӻó˶ʮ˸̣߳ͼľ׮ѡһλ֮Χһ׵ġԭ󷨡
󷨲ö֮Щľ׮ľϺȻһźΧȻ͵ĺɫм˿˿һСƬʱůϰϰůմһ㣬ѬѬ
ȡһŵɫ̺ӣ˵ϣȻ棬ԭ֮ͻ֮ľֱֱ֮˹֮УеرĽⷦ
ʵ쾳ķҪɽˮڻ£ֻһ·ϸɽˮȴǲƣӦһҹʱָ֡
һشеһ
Ѷʱ˸һµͷվһ˫۾š
ʱҹ˯̫ЩҹһЩָ͵Ϯ쳣ϰߣз紵ݶͻᾪѹ
һۣ漴΢΢һһԼķԪ񾭹ոյߣѾָȫˡ
ʮ֮ԼԼش
Զɽ֮Уѻһߵİ׹ǾۣЩ׹Ǿȫͷ­ѻɵģɢŨơ
׹Ǿ۵شƫƧģȻħʦɣΪǿ
׹ǾŹƣϸС׻ڹھ֮дȥ
ЩС겢ûʶֻ޺ϵĲԹϳɵҩֻǵƾ豾ʳѣڸ˵㲻ʲôǶͨ˶ԣȴһ޴ѡ
һι֮׹Ǿ֮˹Х
С·ᵽѪһ㣬Ȼڿоۼһ͵ĳģһѷسѷӵ
Ǿʱĥ֮󣬶Ѿȣ̾ӦĶԲˡ
ԸЩԵС飬̫ɱߴһȵǳҲԣǶóǷϵϵԸȻҲܹãǲܳ־ãʺ϶ԸȺ͵顣
ƣ̧һʱˣ֮ԼԼơ
С֮󣬱һ¾˷֮УžĵƬҹһ㣬һ֮£ʱЩС龡˳˻ҽ
ơ׹Ǿ֮жȻٴδһưعֽһ쳣ִĺ𣬺֮жȻһ˶ͷ󣬵һ˫׻͵۾ݺݵصŶѡ
ƣ˫˴꣬һž翪ʼ졣
¡һֱ۵ʮɵľ룬ݺݵֻͷԴϣʱըĺҹ
ֻ鲪Ȼŭ֮£צһ֮£һǿҵع˹
֮˸˫ֽ֮£һһŵӭ˹ȥʣȻ˿֨֨
ѵķȴվͷ飬˶ʱȥһزҽ
Ҷ˵ӽҪͻ㣡ѾؿĻ׻𣬴ŭһ䣬Ȼһգ׼ӢŵĽˡ
ǺǺǡ׳գ˶ҴѵܷùԶȻһЦ
ԶһӰŤһ£תۼͷٵͷϷ
򣡽ˤƣ
Ҷ΢˫ڿжؽһķӡһ㣬ҵѹ˹ֻԴ档
䣡ֻ޴ҽжûüͱҶһȭѹ˿
ûͷΣҶ޺һתָ֮侹Ȼɫ⻪洩
ͷ˲ͱ׽飬Ҳۼˡ
ʮͷ귢ǰ֮󣬶ʱֽһҵХس˹׵צӾץ˹
ӺصһЦվԭأ̧ͷ϶ڰ׶תԲ
һת£ʮͷոտ궸ظоһƬŢ󣬱ܵҪһȴεסˣ˿ˡ
ָףƣҶȻ̧ʳжָָɻ׼һȺס˵̧꣬ᵯ
ʳжָرֱˣֻžһ·˦Ƥƿը졣
һҵĺһţʮͷ̸סСһˣͱɱҵȭ𵴵֧飬һ硣
컯ȭȭ⣬Ȼ൱ءҶ΢΢һ
컯ȭѾľ磬ȭתҲѾСɣѰСֻ꣬һȭһ֮£̾ͱ𵴵֧飡
컯ȭϣȭӡֱһ񡢸񡢳ϫ񡢲ۡţӡͬ죬Ҷ֮УҲȭ⡣
ʵȭ⣬ȴǡǡЩĻɱ֮κ߶Ҫǿٱ
СֻҪһҶ֮̾ͱġȭ⡷סűҵһȭⲪȻɨķ֮£ЩС̾ͱεȭ𵴵֧顣
ĶЩãȻ̧ͷҶվߣһö˶ָһһأϹһ˿Ƿ΢Ц
ǳۺ죬ʱܵĿѣ޲ȥҶʬˡ
Ҷ˵ҧгݵ
Ҷͷӹһɣ
⻹˵ָѾó״ĵۣƿڴҶ˵㺦ңҵķң
òƶֵ书ʱҲ١ҶЦص˵еɽ䡣
Ѷʱһ˼֮С
Ҳ٣ò̧ͷҶ
֣и顣Ҷеɽ䣬Цص
ʲô飿Ѿߵıֱ뻢ıƤ
׼ȥһõطϸȥ֮ҾͰװȫ㡣
Σ𣿡Ѳʵ


134 
ǵȻˡҶЦص
ҡȥˣĻ쵰ҧгݿҶظһһ׵ɽ䡣
ҶЦһ̧־ͽǰ˰ɽ仹ѻæ˹Ȼһһزȷûȱ֮һ
⸱ģҶɴӲѡ
ڶѵķϵ֮£ҶɴнٶҲֹڵԽɽ֮˱ԭ֮С
һƬһ޼ʵĴԭԶԭĴݿɽС
ĵضͨؽ磬ʱԵؽħڳϮɾѪɳĮشһ̣ǿ˵ǳͨụ̂˺ʬǡ
ɵҪ׬ȡ㹻Ĺ׶ȣͱҪؽɱصħޣߴھ򵽼ƷϽɵɣܻȡ׶ȡ
ܹȡ׶ߵģֻҪܹϽһôܹ̾Ϊŵӣһ䷢ǧٵĹ׶ȡ
ѺɴѾ֪ҶҲһֻɱΣܹװһĶд˱֣Ͳصذ˵鷳ˡ
ν컪κһ֮йа˼֮ȻҲٲ˵ؽԨֵط
ֻ˼֮еϡ֮ϢϢصĵؽԨҲûжǿĴڣǧһֱϵĸ޵ɶòֺȴ໥κβá
صײħ֮ҲؾҲǵصħϵĸڡ
ɳĮ֮еһСƬڣͷ˷ͦεɺױιˮ͵ҩ֮󣬾ܵˮʳϷɴͶڲűԱߵҶɳ̲̯һŷƵƤƵĵͼϸĦ·ߡ
Ҷ˴ɱصħˣϸļƻ˽صĵͼܲãѴȡһŲΰص飬ʹһȪˮȥʱ㣬ʱָ˴롣
֫ţڱ̫ɹĹȵɳ̲棬תͷʵҼǵֱͨؽİڴ̩֮ء
ԱߵɴİֱͨؽɵлȽεĸɵҲΪ档
Ǵһ·Խݺ͹޾͵ˡҶ̧ͷʷϼأԭһƬĵĲԭΪ˿ٿ󳡣ͨһͨؽķ϶ʹñһƬĮһƬֻڵؽıԵشѣĵص֮пȻصħɴֻһЩǵħѣõĻ˵ܹɻһħ
ɴųȻʵ֪᲻ϵħеĸ֣
Ҷ۾漴ҡͷӦòɣħؾĸҲǼٵģħڲȼʮֵɭϣؾĸֺ洫ӵλһ㣬ǼŴģһ㶼ǼפڿĵطפƫƧĵط׻˵úãôҲﶤƫƧħСУ˵ϵȵħ塣
ɳɳɳɳ
ҶʶȻ΢΢һԼԼɳĮײ֮з˶е
һֻɫβشɳ֮͸˳β˸ŵľ⣬ңңض׼Ҷ
ãҶȻһŽߵڵء
ͬʱһϸ΢ĺӰźһ㣬ɳ档
ɳ϶ʱκһڰߣ봦ɳ棬Ыʴ˴Ƭ
ö񶾵Ы룡˶ʱһͷ亹
ͬʱصײɳɳƵһ֧һ֧Ыβ׼Ҷˡ
˻ط磡Ҷһ𣬺Ȼ˫ƻ裬Ȼ߸߾͵ػһԲصȥ
䣡ɳ㱻·𱻶һʯĺɢһƬ
һֻһֻСɳħЫɾ֮£׷״ɳ˳¶Ŀ޴β״β룬һһ
Ҷгǹ͵شɳϣһһ֮£ȵߣ
һȣƵɳر˵ǰһɳǽ档
ۣܸһɳħЫĶ룬һ©ɳǽ档
ȵɳɢ֮Ѿ֮ززˣӰˡ
ԼѾ쾳磬޳һֱ˾ҪЩħˡ
ҶϸһΧĻƲΧʬǣѪʡ
ѿЩɳЫҧĲȱŹǣ¶֮ɫҪҪǶΪ
ˣԭϵ壬ŷǳ죬ΪǳʹߣǲᣬȺ˺ʳԹǸǵܹس졣Ҷ³أϸɨһΧҡҡͷһߺԱһţǴ󹭺һʼ
Ѻɴ²ΧһߣҶĵĶǶûжľ飬ȲҶͨѧ
֮ǰҶѾĹ˲ǰڵؽеıʼǣ֪ؽ֮ҪĲЩصħˣħЩڰ﷭Ķ
Щƺܲ۵Сȴ˷ʤȴΣ֡
ǬȡһմȾ˻ҩ޲زڼ棬ҩ
޲ϱȵרջħħ㣬Իҩȼ޲ɢȥʮֵķ㡣
Ҷ̧ͷ۾ϸһ·Ȼȼ˼ϺĵߣȻŹһԶ
꣬һɺɫѸɳ̲ɢ˿


135 صѪ
˳ĺѸɢ˿֮дһջϢ
ɳ֮дˡɳɳǱɳ֮еļͷɳħЫ쬵һðͷٰ֫ڶ֮ǰ˼ҡβѭŷżĵط׷˹һʱɳشħЫӵ
վɳϵҶԲѾ׼һͷɳħЫһͷħЫһֻ
ͷɳħЫʱҽһһ˫޴֫һŭɳ˹
ͣɳԱߺȻһѸޱȵӰɴеĽһչ׼ƥشͷ޴ɳħЫ߷ӶһɳЫļ׿Ƿ϶йһ˶ȻɫԴ
ȺŭɳħЫ׼ɫӰ֮֫£׷˹ȥ
ɴȺɳħЫ֮һȦ֮˻ˡ
Ҷ˶ŨܵĲݴ֮УǰţԽһƬɳܲɳĮش֮󣬲ԶһƬӲʵĲݵˡ
ƵݵĲԭ֮УԼɼƵѪĲ֫ͷɫӰǻš
Ҷһڿˮ
һȺؽѪǣ׺ܹҧʯٶȿһ㣬Ѱʦ߽׾ĸδܹԸˣȴʮͷвɵЩ
ҪҪȺѪոһɳĦЫһѿʵ
ͲˣȺѪ֮УֻоһֻͷǣͷоһͷûѪǶȻġҶͷڲݴ֮УȺѪɫӰ
ҲֻӲˡҶԶѱȻһ
ѵ˵ͷͷӿһ˷֮⣬֮нһԲš
׳鱦󣬽ʳǣ޸ļҾõΪ⣬ȥܸоһֿտյĸо
ԴӸ鱦ļλʦֳȥ޵˴֮о·ԼѧĶҵ䣬˾ܵһЩСɴȥܶŹǵĳë
Ҷ˷֮⼸ԵԼķտеĿ־彥ȥ֮ҲԵ˷ܸо
һֻŽտɫ󣬱ˮһԲģʱ̧һָֻڿϢߵѪȺ֮С
һȣˮը˿γɵ˲串˷ԲʮɵķΧ
𱬵ķһӾͰȺѪǸ˴룬ѪǻʮͷǿѪӲضסŷ籬ͺų˹
ȣҶдǹ˰֮Уֻ˵һǹһŻڿը㣬ͷѪǵǰζһ£һûͷѪǵۿ֮С
ͷѪǲһ֮󣬱һǹ˳ȥһżСһĺѪѹǹϣڵѾܶˡ
Ҷһ־ͻɱһͷѪǣΪ⣬ȴҵģѪǲѰޣڵؽԨ֮еޣѸ磬ѪѰ߸ͲǶ֡
ơԱ߲ݴ֮һ˫ӨӨһȷһѸѪ߳˹ڵצ˸ź⡣
Ҷ͵һתֲȭȭƼһ㣬һɲǼͱܿͷѪǵצӣһǱȭʵʵӡͷѪǵԴϣȭǿĳѪǵ˻֮֮£ͷѪǵ׵Ϸ˿꿦Ťѵһصص˵ˣڱ֮Ѫ
֮е˿ڡţȺײѪǸҧ֮ıѪ˺䡣
ৡɱ֮£ʩչƵһ㣬ֻת˲֮䣬ͷξ޴ѪǲҺѾŵڵˣֻʣһͷýѪǣƲ֮£ƽһתܡ
ͷѪǵβ󣬵ȴ侫磬Ѹ硣
ɴһ˹ȥ紵ѩͷ˸š
ҪɱǴ·Ҷ̧ǹסɴĽһǹˢһƬǹӰסͷĺͷȴһǹʹͷҽвѣѪǵٶȼ죬ַΪûͷѪǵ˲УֱסͷѪǵжֻܵûһЩѡ
ѪǿһȹٶȻҪ죬˵ٶȻܹǿϣҲᱻ۵ʱľĻ¾޷ͻˡ
ͷѪȻ֪ǰ˵Ķ֣˴תͷ쳣ݶؿһ֮󣬵תŤͷܡ
׷ҶǹһӣѸٵʩչ½رһ·ҧ׷˹ȥ
Խ˲ë֮صĸںɳĮ֮ǰľһֱڽ׷ǰһ
Ĳԭ̲һĺһԭˮݷﻨ㣬ԼȺӵպͻ
ﾹȻǵصħס֮ôôһħûУҿҲôĻ̲ס̾һ
صħ岢Ұһ֪ҪȻҲܾͷԿô꣬ң岻ҲгͷôҶɨԭͷӴܵѪǸͷѪܹҵټ
ͷصѪǿȲˣƹһɽ֮С
ﵽɢһѶѿɿʯĴͻеߣԱ߻ɢŲٵ˹Ǻʹ֮Ĺߡ
ֻͷѪһ·֮£һɽȵһĿ֮Уವһ¾˽ȥ
ڵĿ棬ɲ⣬Щ˹˻һۣɵ˽ȥ
߽ȥһյĹ֮кȻ˼ͷɺӺ˼ý׳˶ӣΪ׵ϴ
ؿǰİĶѨ¶һ˿̰ݶЦ⡣


136 Ѫ
ؽԨ֮Уռʮ㣬֮׼绹Ҫڲ߾գΪ֪ļ֮أжû
һֱҶɾൽ˼ˣԽ˸ݺ͹֮֮иûжƲʣûпṩĲֻ֮˾룬޵ں꡶ѡ
һˣҪҶеıأԴ˴ξ˶ѣΪ˲Ҷע⣬ҶǰʮѾˣרλòߣһҶǳ֮̾ͽ׷ȥ
һسţǿɾͱ¶ûоˣ֮ڹͨؽ磬йʹʯͷ϶֮򼶾֮ᵽ֮󣬷׷׳˳⼸һչҵĹ
Ҷ֮ǰ׼ģÿ϶һ÷ۻƾۣѰ߳һŵζ̾˱ᣬ⼸ҲֻܹеıնɱЩȺӵ߳ϣŪһ·ǱٶȴΪˡ
ϴȶû׼ð⻹ûˣЩƣӦˡԱߵູ䤱ӶűһͷնΣȻնϣͷأŤѣ¶˰ɭɭзë
УԲУͷϹź飬ɫ԰ףݵضǰ̽·Ҷͺ쵰֮пƷĵѪ˵ĻǸǵĶ֣⴦۰ٻأѨڶ࣬ͼֽ޷߳ȥ
Ҷϣѥϣͷ϶ٻ;Ƴɵۻƾۣǿҵۻм̫ϢֻҪ֮оһƵĸоΧ֮߳ԶۻϢһѬ֮£ʱ׷˱˿ܵЩ߳浱ͷ˶Ƥ
ЩײѪҲԸ⿿ˡ
꣡ڱһо·ȱһѰ㣬һɺ֭Һ˳ȥ
ؽӲסˣΧһ궯ѪϢȻɢ˳
⼸ֻҶðеѪ𱻲ȱˣһŨŨ֮Ѹɢ˳ڶϷЩȺʱʼ궯һ˫˫ɺ۾ضˡ
ãʧɫֽһ
ٺ٣λ֣һ·ҲˣգɣҶһԵĶѨ֮УһЦ
ҷɵңȴǾȻѹѹȻûһֻ໥ײģſץץһˡ
˶ʱҧгݣ׷װγ˱衣
ƥһĽÿÿڿкɨֻ̾ѪɽݺնΣŨŨѪϢʱЩӷ˺ҧԱߵǡ֮ĵؽﱻѪ֮£Ҳ׷׵ظ˹ս֮У˸֧ˡ
ϴ󣡸ô죡Աߵе
ҧгݣȻӻȡһֻСͭӣ͵ҡ鳡
ˣ
һεǵض𣬶ʱ𵴵Ĵһ£ϡﻩӿ
Աߵ书ֻʦ۷ľ磬ѾľͷϵѪɼ޾һ㣬צ˺ҧǺ䤱ȻһֻѪĽſצһץ棬һѪӱץ˳ʱӽһ˲һУ̾ͳʱѨķܶȥûܳ˼һͷڰѪ˹һҧסСȣ˺ѪܵһһˤڵϣԱŷѾõѪû˵̾ͷӵϵأתۼظһ㣬Ⱥӵֽţצ䣬˺ëȻزҽ
Ƭ֮ĲҽҲ΢һѪĺǼŵۣصᵹ˵ϣϻǱѪܵı
С裡˾춯صŭнһ֮£ৣӳʮӰ֮£еѪʱϡﻩһƬ֫ϳᵽǡ
ΪĲ֪¥ôҶƵش
׻һ㣬ɫɷףſڽࡣ
񲻶֮£Χ˺ҧѪģ
Ҫңһ벻ʲôӰ㳹ء
־ֻڣһֻѾ˺ץѪۣҪˣһ߽߾ȫػӽһŭҶңɱңóϱزˡ㣡
ɱ㣿Ҳֻ۾ҶɱˣӿʼڣӶһָͷûУҶٺЦһָһҷɵ𣺡ǷҪιЩģֻǲǶѡ
ǻǰ׳յ˼㣬һΪֻ˵ؽħ˲ܽǣû뵽ǾȻۻƾ۶û׼ֻҵιȺɵɡ
һһ񶾵ԣش˵ġĴˣ֮Ѿ涫ϱгҲӲˡ
ܿΧĵؽһӵϣʣ˵ĺ΢ڣűʳǷصѨϿʱҲֻʣľѪãΧһѪ𣬻мֻն˳ں֮ţԱߵĳǡѪ֮ؽﶼۼ˹Ҳ⻹⣬ſѪڣá
Ƭ֮ʣ˵ĺڹڳš
Ҷ˹߹ĵطΧһˡ
ĸһһҶߵϵĺǺ­ǣ赭дصΪƾ⼸ϣҲңǵĴΣ
ɻԱߵɴ侲ؿ⼸߲ʬҲûʲôоԱߵĶȴɫЩס
ŵӸû˿Ȩ汣ϣ˵ɵڣ޶磬ֻгΪŵӲŻᱻӣͻ쾳磬Ϊ洫Ӻƽ̻ǳ϶Լ䱦һ㣬Բ뵽ɵ֮Уһ֮֮ϡ
ڵĿӽͷλѾǵؽԵشˣɲ⣬Щ˹
ȥſĿӵ֮ԼĪʮ֮ǰ֮ٿȻʢǰĳͬˡ
ص֮Уҽػܲ˺ϱֵĴʯʯ
Ҷ֪ЩصѪǵԣֵصѪȻײУȵϵЩѪǳڵؽ֮нȻȻǰչ⣬Ҳϲ˼䣬˵ѪǳûԲ֮ڣ϶йͨؽѷͨ
⴦ĿͨʮֵĿ˲ͨУȻǱصħ˿⿪ٹģ֧ţõؽһ޶ľľ羫֣ˡ
ؽħһθߴ󣬿ٳͨ˲ǰж´ࡣ
˼Ķ֮Ѫʢգ˵ؽЩħߡħ֮ˣǵؽеЩħҲȳԣҶȫõԭϵЩԳȺĻҰţҰôˣЩƤͷԵĲԭ
;֮Уǰ棬ܶڰĵؽħޣûпͱһնɱ
˵жȻʵҲȱʵսľһֱ᲻ȥ˿·֮
ҶӶг̻һ֮ϸһ⴦ռ䣬ֻﵽ˸ʵާֲʹʯʯİĽʱʱԷֵһ˫˫Ѫעˡ


137 صħ
ơһͷߴѪӰ쬵һ´Ӱд˳һһȳ˱ǵϢ緢
ѪӰʱɭɭצݺץˣʮѪӰ
ɱѴһ趯֮£ۻķ籩ˮ㱼ӿ˲ѪǵİΧ֮УЩײеѪǶݣצײ쳣ֱɱö֧穣Ǳ
ǰһûᡣҶ̧ǹסǰɴûĲû𣿷İɣûµġ
䣬ף˫ȶ̤ɣһһŵ»裬նѸһ㡣
ķʵ޻ΧһͷһͷѪֻҪһɷΧڣ̾ͱ뻯סˣȻǱһиնɣǱ׵գˤӵһ㣬ԭ󿪴ϵķ֮Ҳһ˿֮
ѱóط֮ʱĥ£ط֮Ѿһ۷徳硣
ߺˣ˺ҹĦһޣ
һ޴ŭռ֮лصţܼŲ
谵ĵؽռ֮жȻǿ׳ߴӰΧסˡ
ħ̬ͷһţǣɫڣ沼ϸСƬǰŵһȺħиǣһĴֵָĺһ˩һͷţӴСƤëѪǣһ˫ͫӨ̣ɭɭ
Ϊ׵ĵħ﷢˻ǲʿѾΧˣеǰħһͶҿԲɱǣ
ƾʲôƾЩ͵ȵħ壿ҶԼĶ䣬ǰħĶ塣
ƾħ֪Ϊ׵ħ˸¸Цһץһѡ
ǺһʵҵħȻ𣬺ˡ
ҵ䵶ԼߣȴһХµ״ɫĵϰ޹⣬˸쳣ĹâħؿҶץһ֮£䵶˲֮ڿݣȻһӣɫĵһԱһȴϸʯϷǵĶȻˡ
ħһץħӯط֮С
⻹治һͨĵħ䰡ȻܹĹС
ҶضԱߵĶʵι϶Σ㿴ѵô
ѳ鱦óؽħעʵս͵ģһмѪѵķأѰɽȻƷʤѵ֮ӲӲҲ۶ϵġ
ҶȻЦһеĳǹһͽħСͷĿȻҲǰʴʣȻͶ
ǰħͳкʢ֪СҾѪħ
˵꣬һӣֻءһƿչХħһִںڹâֱϮľ˵ϵĳ
ҶأۿڲħƿնгǹȻƽ˶ӭɶ䵶
ĵϣƻľɵɱʱз˻˻ƿƶü˵һġ
ǹ뵶ײһɲǼ䣬ǹȻ΢ɲض˶һ֮£ȻתŤ·ܵһ쳣ŹִŤתڿ͵ط˼
ҶתݰǹػΪѹͻȻһСԲԲѸٱ˿ΧһʵʵУһȦȦƥĹ⻡ǹӰħȦ˸š
ص׳˿֮⣬ڵײҽеĵرȡ֮֮ߡħСͷĿеĲħ԰ϵĵصҽвɼĵرɵġ
ħ֮⣬ӵǧʯľ¯ʱһͷѾ侳磬ɾ˵ѪǼ¯ġѰĵǹȻܵסħķҲԵֵ˵ϸϾ
ҶһʽǹѾãѾ¯ľأټ书Ѿ¾磬Թ˰ǹܽش˰ٽǦס֮𣬽ڿתɣºǹȴǲ䲻ۡ
ڵҶˮйͨǹƸסˣ֮£ħνǽҲãҲ˲ã˾һ㣬ڿеģŤŤȫʧȥ˵ƿ֮
Ҫˣ죡ɵҶǹȦסһ߶Ա߶Ѻɴ
һ㶣漴γ˱ɱȥ

ͳˣԱߵʮͷħҲӦˣеı͵س
ɴ˽쳣ľտԾڼ㴩ԳԾӭһСӵħ֮ɴ߳һչƥһ㣬羪ףħ赲öƬ̣һⶼһնɱڵء
ڱʱʱطһԽɴһͷͷĵħսʿգɴȴһͷƻһ㣬ƣĽӴΧħʱ׷ױҪ˵ϡ
裬ۻĽ֮Уȴ̺һɣԾѡ
ǸħͳҪסԼħնɱҶǹľտףǹһһ㣬һһĲǹճһ㣬ħסڿתͬ糵תɵؽħͳͷ󺹡
ɴȥɵЩħȥԸСͷĿѿҶ޷ϣɴԸһ䣬һӾͳħɱ˹ȥ
ɴкһһԣһһ㣬ڵȺ֮дԾȥת֮ѾħСͷĿ
ɴþս֪ĵҶڶһƾ辫׵ǹסħܹ̫á


138 ħʿ
֪СӣͳվұħͷĿԼħҶסˣһʱ侹Ȼղ
ɴɱ˹ʱŭЦ৵һ£ӱһͨڵն󵶣ںڳأųĵХһɴ˹ȥ
ؽ֮еͽ׵ħȻȱǻۣȴԶԶҪǿ࣬شٽնħͷĿУȴʹϸľһ磬޴ĵ滮ƿһľ磬ηɴʹҪ֡
ɴ̤ת磬ħСͷĿĿ񱩵ĵ֮дȥһβ㣬ⱬһһľ⣬ʱʱȫ¼𻨡
ħͷĿȻڽ֮£Ѿӵһǣȴ书ֻǵƾʵսĥ¶ʽжѣħͷĿϣȴһ֮ŴؼףͷϸһʽͷǵؽħףʹɴеıնȥҲֻǻ۶ѣ˲ֺ
ƾһװֻĵħͷĿƥ쾳ĸ֡
ɴ̫ͣѸޱȵأһ֮£һֻƻһһ֮£֮յ˲ܿ˵ƣһ̶ħͷĿҪ
ॣħͷĿѪ¶ɭɭİ׹նأţɴ𳤽һɲǼʮӰһħСͷĿС
ħͷĿͷ沴ϺɫѪվԭأƬ֮ͨһԵڵˡ
漴ս˿ˡ
ϱҶһֻסħһʱתҶгǹȻһһѹħǿڵϡȻǰһžһ˽¡
ħϸ˺ǿ̤ڽŵ£һվĴ߰Լ·ŤţֱĦЬӷȡ
ǺǹѴʱѾΧħ˸ɾֻ۵ͷ󺹡
ԱߵɴϽħСͷĿͷϵǣϵĿ׺նҲһҶɽС
ɴѱӵĿ⣬˷ǿɳܵġ
ոһսѾľϢһ£ǰ̽һ̽ɡҶֱо˫ʹͣطָˡ
ɱó˵ҩȪˮսƷռ
ţħϵľӡɢ֮ҶپͰħˣһɻϼħȥ֮ҲⰡѹһЦشҶнӹһΰصȪˮ̷ȥóһĥˣҶ˫ϡ
ɴһ½ϵȱڣɫ侲صЩԵشħʵ̫ǿǱװȴܲ
Ҷ󣬵ǰؽĿռҲʮֹģǴ󲿷ֵħ徫񶼼ڤԭؽĺɽЩΧĵͽħ޷ѧϳ˵ĹֻƾȻߴսѡ
ڵߣصϲƽػƣ׭µͼεпϲϸܷľݣϲϸܾİ˿ɿһХͼΡ
һڲħħɵʱһͷ쾳Ͷ¯ѪɵģĵܹɻǷȻɱƷٻĦ°͵ص
һص֮иɺԵĺӴ֮Уһ㵭ɫĺ棬ȴԼǹ貵ʯЩɫʯˣһ־ͼָܶ
ѿЩǵʯ촽öǵصӼǧ꺮ˮɵıʯɷɽĻҲƷ٣˵洫֮貨ʦ㣬ľǱϵڡ
ѳ鱦󣬶ԱвˣҶһ֮¶ʱ۾Ź⣬߶ʮһִ˼ͷѪѪǣһƤڴ֮̾俪˼Ӳı֮󣬽һıʯװ˽ȥֻƬ̵ĹЩʯװһڴ
ڱʯʵ̫ˣƤסɺ֮£ֻҵһңһͰӣЩʯһһεضװȥˡ
Խһ֮ӭһɼŨȳ˹æһζ
Զһϴһ׹ǴĹڣڹڣԱһԲʮɴĵػ𶴺ҽ
⴦ԲʮɴСĵػУȻͬϽһ㣬ػһϸߣʱӳյΧһƬ죬ֻһƿվ죬һɴִٺɫĻӻгɻͻһֻ˶ޱȵĻ֣̽˳Ҷ͵ץ˹
ҶӦѸһ˫ץ֮£ܾĺӰ㣬쬵һ£֮յرܿһץֻͷȴսһ縣ֻһץԱһôʯ棬һŤʯֻ֮лһճҽ±ɢ˿
ֻûĻ֣ûץҶһ֮£תһȼյħ֣Ÿ첲һ˫ںɫͫؿҶ
ͷħģˣȫȴƬͷһѪɺǣһϸƬβֻǻڵĻ治ٻ㽾𣬷ġ
ģħʿٻͺȻһ


139 Ϲ
䣬ͷħʿһζһ걬䣬һֻĴ֡
ҶʶȻһҹ⣬һֻɫС˳֮лⱩһֻ׻ͻ͵Ĵ漲ץ˹
ֻͬʱҽһ𣬺һŵĻը˿ΧɽƵĿӿ͹͹
һɾ޴Ȼ˽ͬʱ˿
ʲôħʿҶʵ
ؽ֮һԨ¼еĵػԴͷ˵ħһеĸֲɼ̫ػ𾫻֮Уʹ֮ѪڵػԴͷнֵļԵħʿħʿͬħһûʵʵ壬ԻΪĻ澫飬ȴóڵػҽ֮д磬ڵػҽ֮еʵȫ൱ھĸ֡ٻɫصص˵ħʿɵľ񽫣ƽʿͬĵֻǶԼʶѣػҽ֮С
ھĸ֣Ҷʱɫ䣬ҲֻʦʦΪѣ˵ھĸ֣һؾĸҲǡ
Խ棬һ֮ʵԶ
㲻õʲôħʿȻڣޣΧֵֻܾػҽ֮жѣǽҽȫ֮ҲŲ˰ͻɢˡٻ͵ħʿĿ٣ħʼ֮רŴħ͵Ĳ䣬ǸڸħĹҲֻڤԭ޻صؽĺЩĵطĴӵһħʿɵʮַؽʱ򣬽Щɢ˲٣һЩħʿҲɢ֪ա벻ﾹȻһͷ
ƽħʿֻнħ岿Ѫ֮󣬲ΪոߵħͱͷѪǿѪǡѪܼͷħʿܹ
Ҷͷħ֣üʵڸô죿
ʲôô죿ħʿʢ˥ȴ֮ͷħʿȻﶨ˵ǾϹĺǾڸ죡ԽȥѰǣ
Ҷ˼ʮɣס˶Ѻɴ˵һ֮󣬶ʱо
а취ɴ侲صǸող˲ٵıʯǺβñʯƣҺɴǣħʿȥȡغˡ
ҲáҶ˵ͷ
ԱߵĶȴ¶۵ɫ鱦󣬶ڸŵرвˣ۲ѡ
СۣҶЦһƣ
һʯҽ֮Уɫ뵺˿Բʮ֮ڣһƬķڲݵҽӲʯһ㱡˪ͷħʿʧɫһ֮£˫צһ֮£϶ʱѳɵ϶ٴһҵҽոնסҽʱٴڻ
Ѻɴ˷ֱʯͷش˹ȥͷħʿȻӰˣ̺ǿҺıʯ֮ȷʵϴһնˡ
ͣͷħʿֱͷħʿŭ
𣡡ħʿ͵һŭ˫һ֮£Χҽ걼ӿ
ãӭĳɫҽ粨˰ӿ˹ҳ˹ȥ
Ҷ̧һ£ѺɴͬʱһƼ˶ڵλô
Ҷɴʧһ
һڱҽһ¸סˣҶͷһųҵذ׹⣬˳ȥ
ͬʱָռ䡣
ٻ̧һӣûϵǣסԽȥѰҲرͼȥ
Ҷ̧̧˲ԶһխС
Ҷһ·ײײسﱼ˹ȥ
һϿȿնʮֵխԶһŽ׵ӫע
ӳģһɫ󴿰׵ľ޴ǣһͷ峤ԼʮɵȫͨĹɫǴɫģںڰĵؽռ֮Уɢһɫө⣬ΧҫһƬ͸˶ͷϣɫĹ⻪ҫķһС̫ҫ۶Ŀ
˶ƥȴǽŵģƺڽΧ£ʲôһ㣬沼˵ĺۼΧѻɢʮħĺǣ֮Լɼɢҵ⻪һһ貶Ŀ
ɴ˿ɼħ֮еĸֳ֣ͼָͷؾȴͷ
ϹĴ֮УһĹƿǳܴӵϴ̺ޱȳĴ֮
Χ£м䣬ȴԼɼ̵źһĥ쳣⻬ʯΧ£һµĳѨ滹һɫƤƤȴǾſԼͭСľѣҲɢŵө⣬ƺ̺Ӵ
ǧ֮ãɫƤո¡
Ҷڵ޵⻹һĸأ٣֪ܷܲ
ˣ֪֪ʲôٻһˮƲڴ֮нʥˮܷ֮ģѵʪƵط֮㣬һ군ˡ
ҶЩʧЩʧʵǲǾûˣ
˭˵ûˣ̺˺ŨĴѪ̥죡öùٻͼæߴŵ˵ͣǧ꣬ѪǾǺܴ󲹵ģһͻ侳㹻ˣһƤûУѾԣɵҲƷģ
ٻͻ䣬
ֻͷ­кȻ׹ⱬ


140 ˫
һ쳣Ӵҵر˳Ҷ⧲֮¶ʱ˸˵һײұ档
ٻҲ𵴵ĵɵ˿Уɸƴ֮мһɱŭϢֻһɫ׵ľ޴ӰӺڴеϹͷɫӰۼɼ룬ƺ쳣ŭɢһεϡ
޴ӰԱߵҶſеٻͣŭζ˫Ŀٻͣ͵طһŴִİеĺ緢ˡ
ҪŭˣĲֻһԹȻ
ٻͱŭˣ˱ıԣӵ֮͵ֳһড
ڿһѸ¶˶ޱȵĽצһ֮£һɽɫҲ緢˹ȥݺݵײŰɫ
¡׹ͬʱ·ͷţնײһһ㣬ɫȻһ˶У·һɲĺڶһ㣬һӾͽŰ˲ȥ
ٻ͵ſһ֮£ɴȥӵش˸á
ӲֹͷӰԱߵҶĿɿڴ
벻ٻ;ȻϸľУ
ٺ٣һͷ껹ӣ
ٻͱݺ˻ĵϹǿԸ֮оͼ̳Ϲĺöԣǧδʱ֮£ʱ˾һĹֽУ˫ᣬڵ񷶥ץһ֮£Ϲ鷨չֵ˼£ɢĽɫɢƮɣ޴ƥһ֮£һһˮ״ϸĴ㵹ֱֱس
ͷӰϱ֮£ʱŭˣӰһſھһɴִİ׹⣬ȻһצغٻͶ˫ôڿзɱһţһʱ侹Ȼѽѷ֡
񵶣ٻͺȻ˫һɲǼ䣬ǧ£ת֮£Ƭ̫תתۼ䣬һƬƬ͹ӣսֵľݵ֣һƬƬɫ״Ѹи˹ȥ
ҿĳϮңҶĿɿڴһоȻ˲ɱá
ͷ޴Ӱи֮£˲ͽʳһζεģ̫ڶϿڴͷӰ޷£һ𣬷쳣ʹ
ٻͶʱһȻץ£һֽУצ֮£һķʽͽӰͷ­˺һϡãӰʱģҲΣȻٻ͵ſ죬һ
ɢ׹ⱻȻɫ㣬۵ٻ͵ľ޿֮С
һٰٻԳˣʱȴѱһͷ˶ķƤȴ쳣˶󣬳ȴ쳣ĲɱСԵ쳣ӷ׿Ц
ɣһسԵÿˬٻ͸¸¹ЦһһչȻٴλһƽ棬쬵һ¾˵֮С
ٻͺȻ֮УţһɱĽɫ潫Ƭ֮ĽɫͬϽһʢ𽥱˳ĴĺϽžžı
ȴǱð޹ԭ⻬Ǳ棬ϸСĿ׶ÿӿ
ʮŴִһԼȭͷС׹ڵϡ
Щɫ׾ԼỊ̄߳Ӳƥ̺˼Ĵϳ˲ϡ
ʱҶѾδشʯŵǿһ°ӣʵոաʲô
ͷһִ϶ѡٻͲΪȻȳץҪ飬ͷϵĴҲᱣٺ٣ڿָǰʮ֮һʵ
Ҷʱϲָ漴ʵҪټ⼸أָܻؾ磿
ⲻУֲѪ֮Ȼ̺֮Ѫ֮Ҳʵ̫ǿˣֻʺѪ֮ѣ飬Ҫ𲽻ظظʵڼáٻȳ򣬲ΪȻصڵķƷ練ơ
ҶСؽſȡ˳
ȻȡһÿһӣֻѾȫ޵嵰֮Һ壬¶һȭͷСѪѪϸ˿Ƶӡɢһɵ쳣ӴĴѪһӴ֮һ̵ѪѸļУʼԴԴϵҶڡ
ֻת֮䣬Ҷپ࣬紵һԼȫĹʼ̵Ѫ֮дһů˵
æ߶ȭ⣬ѪһһŵģڹϣȻ󸹲ٹĵһһ̺ǵѪ֮УӸϿʼԼĸǡ


141 Ѫ
ٻ˰֮Уǰ˫ץ׼ڿеĽҺ壬ɫɿţһˮͰϸ̫͹סħڻһų׵ĽҺ壬ȻٻͺȻɵĻһ֮£ˡ
ŵؿڵצһһһĽɫ·ͼʹ֮зɳ˵ϣʹõϸһĻơ
ֻһɽɫĻ籩ҵعסڱת֮䣬֮ڱһѾˡ
һʨģɫĵߣ⹳沼˸иľݣϲһƻĽɫɢһɹհϢҶ۾˳
ˣٻĦһеڽ𵶣ݸҶصмǧûˣĹ񫣡
ǧûٻͣǰ嵽ǸʲôģҶʵ
ȻٻͲΪȻصҪȻΪôռ˵飿
ԭһǸҶָָԶͷħʿ
ޣҪӸֶȣٻͲȻŭ
Ҽ渽ϼħʹ䣬ٺ٣ȻǱȴǸѰһԳ֮Ϊʨ𵶣
Ҷֽ˹һЩûеڵϣ漴̽ʳָһѪڵ֮󣬵϶ʱͭӰһڣһɫɫĵ֮УķȻһƣɫĵһԲ״Ľɫ֡
Աߵһִʯ̧һָںʨ񵶷˹ȥֻһ죬Ӳʯ·еĴһ㣬ֱͦͦˤ˵ϣϿڴλù⻬羵һ㡣
ʨһӯ֮£ἲط˻ҶС
ʱ˿̵ͷħʿ·𷢿һ㣬תŴŵŨҽӲǽѺɴ˸»ʱ֮ͨУ޷ˡ
ٻһȻԳ˳һȣһɾͰͷħʿȷ˳ȥ
צһ֮£ӥ׽С㣬һѾץסͷħʿ
ߣٻ͵˵צӣһŶĻǰħʿ
ҲͷħʿҲãٻͱż򣬺ٺЦͷħʿõ̫ɵģĳ̶ֳ˵鶼һ޶ǵƾѪȡʵ̫ˡ
ͷħʿ̵̫֮󣬺Ȼͣסˣ¶쳣ɫʴͷ¶һޱȵɫһƣתٻ͵ǰȻ۰Ͱ͵سٻͣһҪǹСһ㡣
ٻŭһۣһֻצӰԴϣ֪ʲôƬ֮ħʿ۾ʱһವһ˵ؿ֮СƬ֮ҽʼҷһʮոµħ䵽ҶǰȻСһ˱ָͷ۰Ͱ͵ؿٻ͡
ͷħʿƽʿһܣΪ壬ڳҵҽд磬ΪˣֻɴֲܹϵȱݣܹܵػĽơ
̰Ĳļһٻ̲סЦһ䣬ҡҡͷִ̧¯һץ֮£һŻƽɫĻ˳٣ûˣôˣ
ħʿʱϲſѪڣһھ̵̫𣬲ĵؿҶһۣ쬵һ¾˵ػ֮С
ͷħʿôˣҶĵʵ
ٻͷ˷ۣص㻹Ѿ㶨ˣٺ٣һŲֵǮ̫ܻһħ͵ȥɣ
ٻͷ˹ȥóͷװ۵ħʿڰһµСһ㣺ʵŰɣʱٸ͹ٺ٣ıҪ׼ЩŶ
ͷħʿæɵص˵ͷҶ۾ٻͷѾ۷ľ磬Ҿõ̫ķǷڶȵѹͷħʿ
ЩħɵģʵؼѣصܵȻǿɴǵصҽ֮ȴеȡ֮֮ߵĵرħʿĻ֮£ѡ
ҶҶûУҵûУʯڵһ˴˷ô
ɴѣҶּ˺ʨ𵶣ɫĵһ㼲նϣ¡һͽѨ俪һӣֻɴͶɫ԰ףɫί٣ɴ϶ѪȻǸոôʱϵ˺ۡ
Ҷ˳ɴӯݺݸһǶ⣬Ȼرס᲻Ƶ
ĺˣûˣҲҶıġ
ͷ׿˲٣ЦҶ٣ҪֻӿɾҪɿˡ
ãҲҵ⼸ҶǺһЦɱжȡһһ֪ɴϰõرٻΪһɽ
Ҷ漴öݸˣ֮۾ʱϲ
˶ԣɾںھջ֮޴ҪԶԶļֵ
ںʨϲ̵һüЦصôһѪ๻ͻؾˣٺ٣֮ǲһѪصȥڸǧӺУֻҪٹһʱٷɡ
еĽ𵶣ҲͻƵڳ׵ľ磡
˵Ҳǡɴһ±֮Ҳһɫص˵ǧӺҲԶרõ⼸ħ䵶һɵףҲܶסЩϼһǵˡ


142 Ѫ
صԨ֮еħʿˬĲˡ
ǧǰ޵ؽԨеĸսʱħΪ˷رô㻯һȺħʿɢ˸֮С
ЩħʿǹҲսʿ
ǧǰһս֮󣬾ħ־ǿ߶ѾˣܶʵǿħʿҲɢȴΪܵ˵ҽ֮Уųױܹһ٣ƽϢǧ֮ħԵشĵħС佥ۼ
ؽѾûħˣôһССħʿѾʼˡ
ڵػҽħʿѾǱҶ۷ˣ˵ǰܹħѪǴѪϻõĴ֮ʵ΢΢˵ѪõǴײʳҶ͸̫𣬾ǧѷζͣ
ҲѲ˶ٵĶܹõ̫𣬲ֻǴӵҽͳһЩƷ𾫿ѣԣֻǾ֮Ͱˡ
ˣֻǶ̶̼ʱҶٻһԼͣòֵǮ̫𣬴ͷħʿͳʮƷʼϳ˵Ĳħ˶ѣӿɰѸѼЦ졣
ٻǸҶںʨ֮󣬾ͲٸˣרĻָ
ںʨѾھƷܹػǷ
ӺϣһɫĴһĢɢںϷïдĴԭϣԶһ۾ĸɽɽϻƶµĲԭϣһȺȺţ򣬷·ưƶ䣬ڲԭȻƮš
ĺԶͷɺںˮ֮Ϸ߮ʳŷϺ
ȡҶǰһ޼ʵĺһ·ǧһ㣬ǰһȭ֮ȴһƳĺ󣬻Хɽһ㣬𵴵Χ«έ
ȭһɲǣֽôִƥ˲ɫѪɫȻɫƤ˸һһ㡣
ϸϸĹ۲֮£Էȫĺëڲͣزţһһεĺڻɫл˳Ȼɢŵ
Ҷͷһһһףһ㣬·ʮֵĳ
Ƭ֮ų³һɫƣ룬Ƭ̺󣬴ԱߵĲ֮ȡһŽ׵ҿһƵĿӣֶֻ̽˽ȥ¶ƾһغ쾧
Ѫ̥̺ѪӴ
ҶѪѾɣһ֮󣬷ͣǡȭ߶ڵѪȻסѨַȭ̼ţ׿ǱͬʱѪ̥׳Լ;
ȭ߶Ѫǵϴ֮£Ҷڶ̶֮ͰϵľѪ¼˹ԼѪԭḡ֮ʵʽת֮䣬ȴû˿ͳصĸоȭȭһϾ
Լȫԭǽ񣬶ڱѪ̥ں֮£ȴһ㵭ɫ沼˵ɫǳƥȴּӲѻ٣Ͷ֮䣬Ƽľ籬ƣһ㡣
Ҷ֪ԼʸѪ̥֮£轥ǣ̺ϾҲˣԼһࡣ
ڳʱѪ֮Ҷһַģǿĸоֿʵǹɰ
Ҷ̫Ѫ¡
ԱһѨĿջ
˱бܵģѪһǿ󣬱ܵͻ֮׷׶
ѪӰ˵顣ĳ̶ֳ˵̫Ѫħͬıԡ
̫һ֮ϵնˣѪڴǿľѪʹһɸ߸ϵİͰɾӰ˵飬ħı첻ͬǣѪ̺ľڲ֪֮вʳǱĬڲ֪֮ͽ˵ֳ̫嶯ȡԵ顣
˵һ޸֮ţֻҪ̫ѪǣҲһλ
ֻҪΪܹ̤ھͨ龳磬ѪѾͣôͲѪܹƾˡ
ɴͶ˵ĽҲԲСҶ侳֮󲻾ãҲ˫˫̤ˡͨ顱ľ硣
Ѫ̥̺֮Ѫʵ̫Ӵˣ֮κ鵤ҩǿٱ˵ΪϽеѪ̥ҲֻһСѣմһöάֵͻƵ侳ˡ
ιҶ洫һ
ҶתͷҲ֪Ķһ·Сܵ˹ЦеصҶ㵱Ӧҵأ
ҶҲͷصҪȥ𣿡
еɽ䣬ЦǵȻٺ٣ǰһ鱦ҵҰܼӣҴȥôöҵػ˵ʲô
Ҷһ漴жϵצף׸
ѵ۾ʱһǰסװڻס
ҶתȥЩ뿴⸱ģ
˵ʱ䲢սͶѽս꣬˵Ҷ޳ǲҶͻĵȥȰ˵
ЩվֻԼ򵽣ԼģʶԼΪ谭ôҶ˵һǧһûá
޵֮·ҪԵġ
ѺȻڵҶ˵ʵ㻹𣿡
áҶҲͷص
ˣͷǼʮħң͸ˣһҧ
ҶȻת


143 ħ
ѵӰѾԶɳϵһСڵ㡣
һˡҶջĿһ
һ˫۴Ӻ˹סĲӣͷһǡ
ɴҶ쳣ס֫ᴵһϢɴĶ
ɴ̾͸о΢дѶϢɫ
ҶȡѪǾմ󲹣ǿ׳ͽƤȴֱܹתҪǣѪǾ׳ԼͬʱҲǳɱķ
ת֮󣬸һһĸо
ȻҶѾ쾳磬תϨԻһ֣ȴô׿ƽϢģҪǺ赼
յͽ˵ƽϣɫ
һƳ̾Ϣ㵽˼ζƬĵ
羰ĺܲ徲ɴϥǶߣκδɢһ˫峺ˮԶ«嵭ص쾳򣬸ոոϵܡ
ŶҶüͷһ壬һ̽ϣһѾѸٹڡ
ֻͷϵľϵλãֵľŸɫĹ㣬ҪƿǶ
ΰ˵ǲǿҪͻؾˣɴҡҡĸ첲ϸʵ
ҶҡҡͷܸǺ£óȻ򿪣ҪڵĵزС
ȻĿͷ϶Ȼ΢ġۣۣϸᶥ𣬹ľ̾ͽһ쳣ִ̣Ϫһ㣬߲ͣ
ؾΪʲôôѣɴЩйȻ
̫ģȻѾյŴѨѾˡҶҡҡͷ쾳磬ҪڵҪת΢ľ磬ȻĻҪߵ·ӻܳǼȻϹѪǾǳǵǵǿԸǣʡȴĹ򡣡
Ҷ漴ͥھʮϽֽȭ̼Ѩķϸظ
ˡɴͷ˼֮УͷԶĵСҿط羰㲻ҾʱˣҪ򡣡
ţҲáҶ֪ɴϰߣ׾ϰ˶һ˰˼⡣
룬漴ͽֻľٻһҷԸٻҪúõıɴ
ʱٻҪǾӴǿ½ҲʹӦ

һ޼ʵĲԭϣҶ˦˽ŲȫʩչṦ󲽵طɱţٶȱ֮ǧҪ˼֡
ڷɱĹ֮Уʱ˫״׷裬ʱбˮ滬С̬ʮֵ
ȹ̽׶ΣҪǿȹ̸ǣҪʱ򣬶ɴȴǡǡ෴ѨҪԾΪʱҲֻʱֿˡ
Խһɽ֮ɽ汳紦һƬѩ׵
ףҶȻͣס˽Ųʱӡ
侫̾ᵽһŨŨԹ֮
תͳǳ˹ȥֻΧɢʬ壬۲ɫΣǲԭģ
ʱ˿̣Щ֮ɫްû˿ĹƤɳȥҶüͷ
úݶֶΡҶɫ࣬ȭͷն𣺡˾Ȼ˺ݶ
ҶŹƴӪ֮еʬϣɢħ
ץһħ΢΢һᣬ漴ָԼͷѨᵯ˼£Լһ⡣
Զһĺɢ˲ݴ֮С
һ׷˹ȥ
ħĹȻɱ޴󣬵Ҳкܶȱݣ˵ĺۼ֮һ
Ҷۼһ׷λãһ׷ˮݶӵĲλá
ΧѾɢ˲ٵˣϿգһŹճĺͣطŰšһȺԭ˷ֵؼճĺʱʱ̽һɫ綾һЩ˵һ飬һɰͱȡ˳Щ̱ԭصˡ
ҶâĿѣڿնһȭңңźͺ˹ȥ
꣡źƷ·ܵһ㣬͵طһزҽУڿвͣطţ漴Զɿضȥˡ
¸¸¡кȻǸҹɰֲֺ̧Ȼһ֮£һĺ˹һ񷶥ݺݵѹ
߾Ҷغصĺƣʱд֮£һҵؾ޺
޴һɢ˳ȥкѹѹĺƱһºɢ˴Ƭ漴ѹ˹
Ҷһͷ϶ȻԳһȭΧײеɲħȭֹסˣһҵĺȻһ
ħͱɺȻñҵȭ˸飡
Ҷһζ֮£̧һָ͵ڷɽֹǽ죬˲䱩֮£ָӰεذΧסڷɽ
ΪƲôҶȻЦ
˵䣬˫һ֮£϶رһոճϣֻϸСӤħȻ˹ֿѪڣҶζޱȵʳһ㣬һӵϣתۼͽ˸ɾ


144 ʳ
ҶһţϴƵ죬漴ּһȣһξҵ˳¡һͽȫܲЩɫ˿𵴵Ĵ˿
𣡡Ҷ˫ҵһ壬ȻһʽϬţʽ˫ȭһһңֱճͷϵĺƻ˹ȥ
ͷźƱȭһ֮£ʱһؼ
֮н˼̶ţĳСӣ֣ҾȻȭ⣡ѵãѵã
ţЩǧ˿ƣεӰȻǧ˿ƵĺһԶԼڡ
ôЩ۵СȻܹҵôܣôܣҶʧɫ
ոֻüһԼȫµĹؽھλãѾһ״غ׷ԼĹؽھλãЩӰĺ·ˮһ㣬ѸٲԼĸѨλá
Լֱ۾紦ɺ֮£ȴѸήȥҶæԼڵ˵֮УһţЩոľУ״ĺܵѪϢѹ֮£̾Ͳٶˡ
Щ״ĺԼŹ֣·һ㣬רԼΪ
ҲܹԪԼߵҲˣֻҪס˾Ѫסܹ׸ֺɣߵԪһӰȹƸմȾϣ̾總֮һ㣬ɸɸɾˡ
֮һֽУ¸¸£Сӣû뵽ɣħȴרſٺٺٺ٣ʳȹƸרſķ
Ҷ΢΢۾ƽصôʳȹƣһֵǮɣ
ȻˣŸ¸¹Цҿǻ˶ʮĿ๦ʮƳʮֻȹûбӿϵֻڵƥֻҪһ£סǵɣ
һ£ҶͷᦸħƣȻڵţô׽ңֺķôʳȹƣĿĴŲֹҪҵգҪҵİæ
еĺ֮̾ͳĬŶʱƻ
ţҲ֪֣ûпľ⾳磿ҶЦŻңʵǷǳ޴
ŸӳĬˡ
Ҷͷںڵħȴѹ˼֣֮еħһں᾵Ĺצݺݵ߷ɿץһƷ˿
ҶΡȻƾЩӹԼǰ
ǴΣҶ΢ЦҰһѣ飬ҲҪŹңҲ֫壬ҽͻƣˣҵ˶˱ȽϺã˵أ
ΪһӦôȻһ漴Ц
ħмȱݣҲ²⣬׽ҵĿģҰϴԪǲǣҶ΢΢ЦȻھĳ׾磬ħǵҪħܹͻƿ˵ĶԲԣ
˵ĵȷܶԣһ£漴ֺٺЦ벻Сӻмּأ
Ҷûв´
ħ֮еĴ󲿷ֹǼȱݵģһаҪҶϴԪҶѡ˶ϣôʧΣҪǣԼûлͻƿˡ
һ쳣ӴҵشӵϹ˰֮УȻһ·쭣Ӷȥˡ
żĽҶ쵰ֻʹʲô۶ԼԪǾԼҶгһ·򱱷ȥ
ҶŸһ·ӵƬɽ֮С
ԭȫǸںɳĮƬɽȴΨһޣΪˮˢͷĥʹﴣʯͷ˸ι״ᾹʯԵΪ
ҶڹţŲûнֹڹбߣҶڵ޷תֻҪתһݣϵӰȹƾͻһ׳һ֣ƾͨҲΪ
ԼܹɢҲܹתɾھ硣
ô׿ɵģҪ֮Ȼ覵ϡ
˵ֻˮôǸӲνɢҵᾧתƥҪԡ
Ҷʱ˶֮С
ʱѾѪԼĹ֮УԼĹϹϢЩʳȹ벻áһЩӰȹԼĹ֮УԼҲֻһ;
ɽ֮У֮⣬һŮΪɽȡ
һްɣҶص
һ漴˵ͷ
ħеСس軯ԪҶȻ̧Ƥ׵ӣص
ʱһеʳ˵ϣ漴˵һԵͷŵز
ҶĮȻҿóÿƾ˷ȡ˵Ѫܰɣ
Ůɫ΢΢ףƺŻ³ʱҧȴһĨȿ־Ͷĵɫ
Ҳ㣬ҼҪͻھˡҶĿ⾼ؿһ֮ͻֽƣܹţָ֮


145 
ɫٿȻһ䣬ûѪɫӱøûѪɫˣ粻͵ط֮󣬴ҴææԶˡ
Ҷ΢΢̾Ϣһ漴ȶ˼ھ
Сس軯Ԫħ֮һżͨλСɱ֮ͨһ˱ԪʶѨɣ˷֮ʱʳ˾Ѫǲܹɣ跨ߵľֻ֮һ֮£ֱӾܹһ˵Ԫ⡣
ħͨʵ̫аÿһ軯ԪƷ޲״ַȴλħСɱ֮ͨһ
ҹɫˣҰ׵¹͸դҶڵĶУһʯ̽ɫͼתŵɫĹⲨԵ쳣Ĺ졣
ؼһڣ̾ͱЩͼȥ
ҶѺĵطѾ󷨽Ƹסˣһڵĵڶֱ۵դҲ˺ΧϡĿҶָԪģҶҲֻܹŬԪԼĵ֮У˿йֱһֱԼľеʳơ
һžôĵ֮Уôϲµġ
ԼԼ䣬Ҷƺо˵֮һɫ֮УһЩС˸ۡ
Ҷ΢֮£æʶЩСۼЩСһۼһ֮ˮһ㣬̾ͻȻϾںϳһ顣
ʱƣڵЩС·ӵйеϰ㣬۶һȭͷСɢɫľ壬Χ·ɢǿҵĹҫһƬ
ԭˣ֮ǣ֮֮ˮ磡ҶٿػȻ򣺡Ȼ죬ͨؾȴɢҲȫڵЩҵ򣡡
ͬʱڵ棬Ȼ˽Ų̾ʹҶʶ
Ҷ۾ֻդһӰ
ˣҶ΢΢һЦص
㡭ô㣿ڣŮҧ漴Ҫ֪һʧܡʲô³
ģҵļƻһʧԲ㡣Ҷȶ¶ļԼмͣЦЦ󷨵׽סˣڸǶãάԲ޷ЩƳ档
ԼѡɣǼŵĿƣǸߡҶƤص
ŮҧãܹʮգʮУҿԽҵĶø㣡ҵĶ֮ҪУΪһɵĵӡ
˵꣬͸ޱϣĹâؿҶ
²ܡҶҡͷյһԼĵӣǾϸ񿼺˵ģĵӴգҲڣӵ㹻ĻȨ֮ҲͶɢãϺá
ҧʱԥǡ
ҶһһٵصҴӲŵԳУ׼ٻҲ԰㣬һҪˡ
Һò־磬ܹķϣЩĿ๦Ůҧ̧ͷһһٵصңܿ
Ӧңڴģ㵽һʺͳнƷĹ⣬һҶҿóΪҲֻʦ磬ħͨڻѪ̫أҲ԰ϴ軯
Ůϲʵǲа취ͻ쾳磿
ܹͻ쾳磬ǽҲ൱ģʱŲԼԼҲܹһЩǰΪʦ˿ɽ޵δûһΪ
ҶǿЦҡҡͷɫص쾳磬Ƕ޵߻˵һܴķˮ룬ֻпԼͻơǾ԰ﲻʲôġ
ʱʧˣ粻漴ҧҧͷãŵߣزŵȻˣôҾʹӦˣ
ҶЦ̧ǡ

˳߽ԼĶ漴תŵ˹ѺҶĶ֮С
صդļУѾһϸϸпڣһ֮£Ѿ¶һ
Ҷèһ㣬ӯش˳ڵˡ
ȻҶǿ˹
һ·˺ɽһСĶ֮У뵡
Ҷȶ˵ϣŰ߳˶棬ȻԼʶеԿռȡһɫĴ󵰣Ȼҿ˵ǣһֻ̽˽ȥֶʱһѪ⣬һɹǿѪƺҪ͸ëף˳һ㣡
ȫʢҪѪһ㣬Ҷ͵һ¡¡緢ʵһ¡¡졣
Ϲĵ̺˷ḻƥĴѪܹ֮׳˵ѪҶ⼸ȡڵѪǣȻе͹ǷѪǾԼڣ𵴴˹֮У׳Լǡ
̶µʱҶ𲽵֮£ԼĹѾ˵ɫ󣬹֮еĹѾ̺͸ŵĽ⡣
ȻƾǿѪÿսǿѪתǿͣš
ɣһǿ죬ǿ
תɵĺ֮ڿƣҶĲͣѹ֮£֮еĺشǰ״һƬƬӨ͸ĺ·С嶳϶ɵһ㡣
ŮѨڵʮֳۻ룬ҶпĹЧܿͻָȫĹ
ĹЧ£ڵĹҲѸٻָ˸߰˰ˣò̫õʱ䣬һʵܹȫָ˶ľˡ
Ҷ漴ȻŮĶѨ֮УϿ֮£ඥˣȻܿµӰȹƣͬ˿һ㣬һ˿һ˿˵֮УһѾĺһţͣ


146 
ҶĬĬضڶ֮У뵵·һ㲻ͣΧ
ӰĿе֪ŽţԭǲԭһŮ룬֮񣬺Ϊ벿еһΪ˽ͨ飬ʦϴŭӱֽŽ֮󣬶ڲԭιǣǱʯͷ󣬶ˮ
ȻˮȴǹͨؽһӣȴѲںӵҵ˵޵ؽħʱһħѪɲ˵źͨ
֮ͨ󣬱ԼǸ˵ѪķֻʱȴģҪ뵽ԭһҵոԭһɱ˼˼ʱ̾⵽ɳĸΧɱΪˣǵʱΪźʮɽİһ嶷ðһʦ֮ڰѧһЩʶԭɵǿ֮ǣܵ
Ѿʱ䣬ʱҪԪʱйĹؼʱ̣صʳƳ汻ƣôſ϶ҪܵӰġ
أ͵۾һҵ磬һҵŭȻͦñֱһһ㣬ȫĽȻ߰ȻҴ궯һѪ˳һҶûжǴ⿿ѪӿżڵӰȹơ
ֱϵĺӨһ״ߵĺϸ˳һɼӴȭȻ籡ᾧӲسŶ֨֨عֽУƴţƴ˺ҧϵ
ϸѨʳƱҼѹ֮£۵ֱϵλôˡ
ʮʳƷǿҵطʶʼؿҶ˿꿦бɵˡ
ؿɾͲͬˣ˵ҶɣȴǼӲʯȻЩƳܹɵ£Ҳˣ
Ҷҵһֱϵһˮһҳˢ˹ȥϵЩżϴˢ˹΢΢£ţе֮гź·ˮ֮зӡʮɫһ㣬治ͣµԵüġ
ر仯һŻ״ֻˮΣʱ仯ǹꪵиʮߺؼѹʹЩһ㲻ͣڼѹš
ڣʮ״ĺܲסɰȭҵѹեȻڿըһȳĺ
ͬʱڲԶһ֮ȴزҽһһѪ
ҶϵʳȻԪҲͷѪ㻯ģϢϢأո˹ؼʱ̣ҶƵʳƣ͵֮£Щɡ
ܣܣСôܻҵʳƣͷɢһԭ⻬ļʱ˵ֵ֣ŭ
ҶЩʳپۺ漴תȭ⣬ʣʮʳȹƸѹը˿
Ҷһ֮£һۻ籡һȼת֮䣬Լλã۶һغľ
ӲȻǿˡҶЦˣָ̧ߵһؾ˶˵ˡ
ߵʱ򣬼ȫķǼɴˣҪȻҲǱˡ
Ҷ۾΢΢ЦˣڲˣȻֻǳ׵ľ磬ŵķҲκβң
ʱҶٶԸţ͸Ӷ˼ֵİˡ
ĶңȴھŮסطԶɽС
һ޴ԲεסɽȳڣҶʵϣһ
һһݵ״ֻ̧ôһͽϸһӣȻλζ˽ȥ
ߺˣԴ̵ˡ
ѻ˭أҶص
ţеĶҰɣ󷨺ͷ䣬סҶЦЦؿбһ۲Զı󷨻ֵصЩ󷨺ͷͬҲΪ
žɲؿҶôӰȹƵģ
ҶȻЦܵеĹͳţʧˣ
߳
Ҷֽ̣ͷŴ󿪣һȻһһ£һһ֮Ρ
ɫٿȻ䣬Ȼһ̤ڶһɹɷֳ֮ΣڿжʱƮ
еɷħȻֻ״عЦҶϮ˹
Ҷͷϵһ֮£ŵĶѨ֮еȭȻó
߸Ҷ³һֳƵһỮ
꣡꣡ɵؽֱֱؼ˹ȥŷɷ䡱ҽһ
ࣣɷȻը˿


147 غ¯
ҶֵٶȺܿ죬һŷ籩һŵԪҺ
ССĶ֮ȭӰӰ׷ɣѾ޾ҵ׳ˣҵΧǽ϶γۼĲϸСĽƷ䶼˿
ȻѶݳԪԪѾ֮Ǳ仯޳СĶ֮УȴǸҲ޷ʩչɾڵҶٶȺѷɫԪתÿһȭÿһƣÿһľ޺𣬶ԪޱȾ޴ʹ
⴦ұ֮أΧĽƣѹ⴦ڲй˿̣ЩĽƺͷȴѾĽ
޶ɺݶķҶϣȴ͸ҶСɵȭⱬ͸𵴳ơ
һҶ֮ĺܶݴķԶ˺ˡ
޸ֲֵ֮һɾ֮߳Ӷ֮⣬зʧȥá
ҿУҶŹһֻҷŶȻһֽУ綾һغҼһīɫĶӿ˹
ŵĲԪ򻯳һƺ̣Լҷ˹ȥոѾֶˣΨһϣƾӹһ١
ŶٶȲ죬ϢҶȴɶ̺֮˷֮
Ҷһ٣綤һضסˣʳָ׼£κ˿˫ȭһ֮£ûӵƣ˿룬һˮȭӰ
еȭӰԲסϮʮס
߸Ҷ͵һţһȣ޴˱ҵұ˳ҽһӾ͸ײɢ˿
Ҷ˫ֳץֳָһ㾧⣬һ֮£ֻࣵһըѵ죬ץ籡ֽһ㣬˺˿
Ҷ˫֮н֮£һһĻֽըѳ˴羫⣬˺ƿˡ
ƣҶһؽƣһ޺ֱ۸߸߾һεȭӡͷ¡
飡һؼ͵Ļ缦һ㱻һȭĴ籬ѿ
Ҷ𽥿ţһӣһƻ֮£űҵľ磬
飡ŵԪոջ֮УͱҶңңһһɫӡŷ籩ϣһزҽУ³һѪϹر죬Ҷһƾ˿
ҶһȭѾ۷徳ġ徢ڴ֮漴˿ŵͱѳķѵ״Ѫ·ɢ˿
ζû뵽ھҶʵȻֲֵزҲ죬ô˻ᣬһ֮£ԼԪ˳һĥ̴Сİ뵡
׼ϷĵڣҶȻбӶһȭ͵غԪ֮С
ĳСӣҵԪӰΪ㻹ܡ
ŭ֮еŶطһ쳣زҽУҶȭͷںԪһɲǼ䣬رȭΪץٻζ֮£һסԪ綶һ㣬ָҵһ˦֮£ԪʱƲ㣬һɲǼͱ𵴳촷ۣ
Ҷһ¾𱬿֮£ԪҲ𵴵֧˿
Ҷ֮£˳һ쳣͵Уķ֮£Ԫסˡ
̣б䣡غ¯徣ţһغ¯Ҷһ˫һ֮£һȵˮӿȥһѽŵԪعסˡ
űҶȭסˣĵڣҶںȻ˳ˮһ㻩ƴ֮кȻһ쳣ҵȭ⣬һӺԪ
ֱ꣡еԼԪͬ׺ըޱ߱ҵȭ׷·ޱߵһ˲ϯԪеÿһ䣡
ʶ֮дʹź޾ȭʶеһʶ
Ҷľȭ⡢ȭ⡢ˮȭȵ࣬ͣشݲԪʶһɲǼ䣬ǧر任ȭͽʶҡҡ׹ԪһƬƬ˺顣
Ҷ˫һ£֮£ʼٶŵһȦһȦӿʼϱţҶ֮£Ȼγһ̫֮Ρ
Ҷ˫ַٶ죬һɹɢҲнеʱһŴ缦ľ׹򾲾֮С
һŹ򣬾ǸոǸȫķ
Ҷһָ󣬿֮еû˿ʶԪ񾫻
ҹһ¡Ҷִ̧ΧĽ֮СŮ˹
ŮɫЩףԱŵʬ壬ʱ־ϲҶٻ֮Щ˹
̶̵һ·߹ֹ֪Ҷһ᲻Ӳţжĥɱ¿أ
Ҷٴһر飬Цɵ椣ŶɱˣΪʵܰôɣֻһôѡ
ôʲôôЩ̡


148 ծ
ԥԥ˹ŰɵؿҶ
ŰɡҶ̧һ֮£һ֮£ֻࣵһŴޱȵķըѳһ׵·һӿСһ㣬Ѹȡ֮С
޵ҲͬзַֻֻٻԪģܹ书ߵһܹ硣
ոҶתȭַŵԪ񣬽һʶˣֻΪԪ
Ԫרĸ˵ڴ󲹵鵤ҩ
ǡĺǿ󡭡ֻʶ֮Ԫǣ¶˼ȵʹɫɫҲ漴Żȶԭأʼؽ׵
סԼ̨ѨҶһ˲ߣתɣָһ͵һѨϡ
ʱ΢΢𶯣ʱˣȫĹ˿Ҷٴηת˹ֵָһһѨλá
Ҷηתָ֮£ȫٴѨһֱʱĹͣȫ΢΢ţͣʳȺɫĺˮ
ȻҶ漴һذϣһ쳣ǿԴԴϵڡ
ȫļ·һ㣬ʼ΢΢ˣʱ¶ʹɫ֮Ȼһſڣ͵³һڷڵѪѪ֮мϸСһƬ̲ػ֮еѪۻ֮
ҶڵԴԴͷҲ΢΢˺ˮˣԭħ裬ٶȻѸ죬Ǿ֮ȴ̺ѪҪЩѪųǼ׵顣
ڵķԪ಻ӿ֮£˲ͽϴ˳ȥ
úõĴɣΪ㻤ŷԼġҶ·һ㣬ȻشĶС
֪˶ãŴӾ֮л˹϶ʱݹϢһȦ
˿Ȼûͻ쾳磬ǼȡԪԪ֮ȴǱһȦƾһѾѷɫˡ
ֻǸոҶһ˹֮£ڵۻһظ͸֮У˿ȫ·ѱˮʪ͸ˣ͹Գµֻǻһڳĺˮۻ࣬·մӳˮһ㣬ζѬҶЩܲˡ
ȲҪ˵̫ˣȥϴϴɡҶ͹Գģ΢΢ЩΣ֮Ц
ȥŻ΢΢һ죬æܵ˺ɽ֮УһȪ
ϴ֮󣬰˻ҶŴнɻļζĶš
ӡ
ͤͤվҶߣһִķƹһʲϢһѭĳɡ
ʱϢƣʥŮһ㡣Ϊ֮ᡣ
һ£ϲʤصлҶӣһԪʦ۷徳ˡ
ҲҪ̫ˣҪͻ֮ҪԼ컯ҿûް㣬ѽ㡣Ҷ̧һӣԼǱݸ
ڽǡʵؽıȵʵ
һԣ֪ˡҶذ˰ֵ
æѪˣȻ̧һӣˢطѾһ覵ĹԣŲͣĽƿ֮ڶ
ٻܹȡĿıҶľӤΪڶԪѾԶԶسľ˵ˣľѾɴҲôںڽˣŮȨˡ
ڵѪոѾųˣ渽ϹĴϴÿڽȫò˶ãΪСس跨ڵѪܹˡ
лҶ͡ɽЦ
Ҷ˰֣ЦлңҴӦ飬ᷴڣҪؼҸոմŵѹεһֻɽ䣬˼书ؼˣʮƷĵֻͬɽ䣬Ӧ̳кˡ
Ҷ漴ժֻɽݸص
⣬ǺáͶŵɽȣʱһҶȻϧصݸԼжʱ־ϲҶӣ֪ʲôɽҵô
ҵҲûʲôҪˡҶָֽ̧׸ѵñ飬ֻǰ˰֣ɫصǰ˵ŵвȣ˲ٵĴ£Ͼ˲ٵɱҵڷȻǣǵлǲ㣬Ȱ㣬ҪıĹ֮⣬ʱȲҪˣķЩʶһЩ£ǰҵȻĻбȻĿ
ǣǣлָ㣬СŮӳˡʱϵȻȥмҶӯӯ°ݵлָ㣬м˹ӵĻһ¸ֻﻹһأһС
ţҲã󸣻ɶҶһ˦ƮƮشɽһԾ£Զɱȥˡ


149 񾩷
Ҷ֮ڻĮ֮֮󣬲֪䣬Ѿ񾩳ǵĶһϡ
ҶСƹУ˼С֮Ҫһյӣ
Į˪ຮСеľƵ֮ľһǾԼңů
Ƶ棬Ȼ߹òӣ糺ɫĵۣҶǰһۣˡ
ǵıʮװӣֱֳƵڲΧסˡ
˵ôҶ
ӻؿڵλҶҶˣ
Ҷ˴еĵ⣬ҲһۣõصңҪͱүֵܣ㲻䡣
Ѿھ磬Ǹһ۾ͿһףһнףЩͳͳʦĸ֡
ЩʵѾھҶ㲻ʲô
λʦϣ빬ĵӣһ䣬Ҽ誴С㣬ʶкȻһĨ֮ɫ
誣Ҷ˻ξƱص
ϳĬƬ̣Ҷ֣˲˵ˣС㣬빬ĵӣΪͳԲŻҶΪѣڷ֮ȴһֱ֮УҶֿɷ֪ΪΣ빬м
˵֮䣬Ա߽ŲˣʦĸѾΧ˹ְһģ
ǾѯʵʵҺܲϲҶ˾Ʊ
ǰĿͲȻ˹̧һ
쬣ϵλõĿͲžһը˿ʮ˫ӺȻ˷˳ȥƫУÿ̯һ˫ӡ
Щ걻֮£ڽڱ֮ӲҪǿ֣
Ϻŭ˫кȻһ˫һУ͵Ӳؽסһ˫ӣ˾ûֺˣһᴩ塣ȥһضǽ֮ϡ
ù򡣡꣬ɫصؿеѪۣص˵ͷ벻¿϶һλ˰ɣǻǿˡ
빬ĵӣϲۣϴ誣ɵҶֻϺȻһɵɫת֮䣬ѾһβƵףȻɵظԼˡ
㵽װôˣ̲סǰһȵ
ȻҵʵôҲӦ֪Ϊʲôʲô³˰ɣҶᵭصһǰҫΪ
ԱߵжһĨ֮ɫ˿Ҫ׿˵Ҳš
Ҷһ˾ƱصֻǷϵԪûɱڻģԲŲ
Ȼ۾һǿҵıŭ֮ɫͬʱס˱ɱʢ
Ҫ̧֡ᰴص
Ϊһλʵĸ֣ôֲΪ
Ҷ˹ط¾ƱӣصûǱɵ£ҿɱǣɱֻѵȥ
ΪηҪ˵ĺ֣˫Ѫ죬ǿƱ֮ɫѯʵ
ʲôѲҪɱңҾ͵쳤ɱɣΪһϺڣҶصȻɱңô͵ñɱ׼ҶǲҲִС
ãã㾹Ȼܹ˳ģԱߵһĨ֮ɫҶص˵ͷ
ҹɣҽܺãɱˡҶ˾ƺص
϶ͷ亹߳һԲضҶ̾һ߰ɣ˴ѷǾ֮ˡ
Ȼһתס˱ŭҪ˳ȥԱ߼ǽϵļһҲγϵĿͷҲصؾ߳⡣
һһܳ˳֮ͣ
Ҫ嶯رס˷
ѵҪ誶ô˲˹ģȥ
Ҫôأϲ̾Ϣһһҵλĸ֣а֣κһɶ˼ɵģȥƽ̣ƽҲδһ磬ֻܲݲݴͰˣСôôһɷǡ
Ҫˡ̾Ϣżʱү񾩳ǵʱŶɳʱҶܲˣǾɱҶΪڶ

ľƽ񾩳ڡ
ʱ˿̵Ҷ֮Уȴܲ쳣Ľš
ҶҴ֮Уţʮģ⻹վŲˡ
ЩȫҶϼеϵ壬ҶϼеȼɭϣЩȫǸҶҵϵȵģϲ˴̨棬ҶʱҲһСҾ˿֮
Ҷҵϵ˵֧ѹƲأϵֻҪѧҵгɣõҶϵϵӦһڳг뽫ҪҶҵϵȦӣȴܡ
һϿ֮Ҷϵϵ񾩳֮еĺͬһ㡣
ڣϵҶ˵ȴǸһ˿İ֮ɫһֺ·Ѿվ˵ϵͷһ㡣
Ҷˮô֮Уһֽگ飬ϸÿһۡ
ΣὫֽگ
ҶԭأΧੲݵȰ˵Ȼ̾ϢǶѾô
Ϊ׵Цݿصǰ峤ѾټͶ˳ǱϾϵӵܣ񾩳ǻǱȲ峤һӦҵŮ˴˳ϵλҶӦο֮кβɣ
Ҷ΢͵ֱͦԭԴ֮д˿˿ķ
ߴͦεһӭķһߵţһּսȻ
Աߵо˳ǰָʹеЩͷ̲סڵүЩɣЩǴԶһⲻװ
Ҷûһ磬۾ɨһΧˣڶЩˣĴǽһĨЦ⣬˵ͷðڶվˣҵȴôꡣ
Ҷʱɫ䣬ʵ峤ʲô˼
ᰣΪҶҵ峤ȴҪᣬΪһ㲻ظԽȨΪУҶǹ֮سͶȻˮﲻ⣬Ѿ㹻ˣʱգڴҶĳ˽վͽݵˡ
ҶɫĮشгһѩ׵ľ
ĿѪĴ֡顱
˲һƬȻ˵ɫٿȻɷס


150 лӣд
˷·һ°㣬ɫٿȻҰףĺŵؿޱҶ
ζû뵽һĬҵҶȻ
˿̣źޱϣҲն˿֣еֻǿҵᡣ
һ飬ڳλҶҵĵϵ֧Ӵ˶ڼϳҶԺΪҶûκιϵҶվȵлӣдҶȻҪӴ΢ҲͳǵҳӺ
ʱ𵴵ΧȺʱһ
㣡һѾȫѪɫʧ
ᰣһշްնҶͲҵᣬ޿ˡʮķ֣㲻Ҷ΢΢ޱϣȻڱȵˣѺȥƽս£ٽۡ
үΪʲôңΪʲôңƬ̣ȻЪ˹ؼС
ΪʲôҪ㣿ҶתͶһ䵽˹ɭɭ⣬ǺЦȻһ֣žһݺݳϣ˲ҽһ毺õݶʱֳһӡ
ҶֺͣϢžһضݺϡ˵ķɢˣͷɢһ㡣
ҶЦѾһ˿룺ˣ㵱Ҳ֪𣿲Ƶ뿪Ҿҵһֲ߻ֽôңΪ̽飬Һ޲ھɱ㣡
Ъ˹ؼǿ׳Ůһ·Ͻη֮С
ԱߵҶҶȻŭ˹һʱҲ˥ɫɷף̽ص峤ǡأҪǡڼ
ڼһС£ǶԣһڼζǽͲпҶϵ£ҪǱڼζڵϱ˳ӡᱻҲ޷֮㡣
֪ЩϵһֱڼЩϵΪʲôһֱվȨƵ۷壬ΪʲôһֱռݾԵƣܼ򵥣ҶҵĵϵҪܵ۷ȨҪʱΪԼ⡭Ҷǧ겻ĸڣЩֻӬӪļһôҶϵĽ
ҶؿȺһۣ漴еĲ豭ڳҶϵϵϵĳϺӵܣصλȥɣ̤֮ǾҲҶϵˡ
ϵĳҶ峤Ҫˣƴǻѳᣬʱɻ
ҶָŭȵҶոճ棬Ҿܽ㴦
ԱһҶҳϴȵң峤ڣôˣһͲҰǶȥ
ڣǺǺǣҶȻЦ漴Ҽʮ꣬Ϊ˵ȵ˽һ̣ѵҳӹߣһɸڼţҪҪҰѵ
Ϊ׵ļҶϵϲ˼ɫ4һʱ䲻֪룬ѵ֪ģҶѵ֮жԴҳӣֱɱ֮
ҶѵƽҪͷļһɱӺһѲɡ
Ҷ˲豭˴Ҷĩ̧Ƥǡȥɣ
˵꣬һڡ
һҶϵϵϵӵ޲һʱ侹Ȼ֪
ҪٲߣǾҲˣ
ҶصȻ̧һ֮£ԱߺȻ˻ĻһӶʿӰ˳ֳֳ󽣣ǽͷҲʮˢˢض׼ǡ
ȺɸʦΪ̬ĳ̫Ѩ߸߹
Ҷҵĳ쳣ݵؿҶҶɲһˣҪǻˣһɨȥ
ߣߣһҿҶҵϵճҶ͵һ˦䣬ص
Ҷ̥ľһ㣬ľȻԭأɫҵؿͷϵǿҶ
һӶӵʿɴ⣬ΡȻ
óصλðҶϵĴ֣΢΢̾Ϣһ˻ֵҲȥɣҰһᡣ
Ϊ׵ʦҶصһȻһתȺʦͳ˳ȥ뻮һȻû˿
үһ֥˹һ縲ϡ
֥Ҷ̾ϢһϽӲɳɫ쳣ƣ롣
֥ϲɫصүЩ꣬ȻһɺȺ֮£ԳպҶϼ
֮ôҶɫҵſֱ֥΢죬˵Ļرסš
Ҷɫ΢΢һЩ̾Ϣȴǣ޶İǲƻڵĻԸһԶ߸߷ɣҲԸⵣ
һ˲ƣ֥ɫ΢΢һ£صүڿѾǷ̩⼸Һ濽㼸ΪүռǺϼԲ֣֮شСѾҪ˰ɡ
֥ллˡҶĻοḧͷֻҪͺãֻҪϻҲǷʲôͼıн
һᵽĵ֣кȻ˵⡣


151 ˽
ʱ񾩳ڣѾɽ¥
Ҷҵһ֧ڼͬڻϽһưһ㣬ҥԷ׷׶ֳ
ʵѾǲ֮УȴѾʼĥ׼ϷŴ󷧣һⶼӦ׷񾩳Χ֧СŷȴǷ׷Ͷ˳£һʱ䣬ռ˰ڽɽˡ
ҶʮϺᾡҶ˼壬ڼҶһȥҶҵĸϵ˴룬еĹϵϷΪҵĹϵޣǱҶһֽ顣Ȼּ
ĵطҶסȥĺ֮С
ѭӦˬ
ȻĴ󣬵񾩳ǵʮ壬ȴûһӦԸͶϵģǷ׷֮ʵĻʵСΪǻʸҳСҲһֱܻʵ۳谮Сӣôûʸռ˴ͷ϶౻ռЩ˶ѣķ˳ôϷŴ϶Ҫ񾩳ǣʮ֮зһʱԼĸͳ׶ҡˡ
õϢ֮Ҷڱ֮þû
ʮֵĸӣ˵ǱԹϲҲŪ⵽һʲôζ
ǻۣѾ׶ϤһУΪ˼һһƻһֱء
ڣһжѾˮʯˣԸ׵ԹҲѾ˴룬Ѿĸȴһʱ̿ġ
ѾˣҲѾڵҵλΪеĸ֣һˣʲôú޵أʲôòŲµأ
˰ˣǻؼȥɣܹɵأ
ҶЩƣ̾Ϣһ
˰ˣȥһɡҶ쳤̾˴үүܰĳɵ

˷ڵһۡլ֮һƬ䳡ڣ䳡֮ѾˣѪѾ͸˰Ҷʯ֮Уɢǵʬ壬вٺ˵ģҲвġ
еһɱֱʯѾѪѪȴһ۵СѾͷгŵһεذףָСѾͷʺλá
Ϊһ׵ȵӴ󵨣˿
׼Ļӵ£鷳ɣ뻻СѾͷ͵ͼ𽵹ˣ̵ɱصص
Ⱥ߳һƽ۵ӣݵص¿ҿԷȥȻĻֻҪǧˣ
ұʿʲôǧôɱЦһһҪٲֻ¾Ҫˣٺ٣ذͿĨ˼ѪĶҺֻҪԻһ㼡ͻᡭ
˵꣬ذһǽɫһǰ͵̤һԱߵ̽æסȥ£һϵˣи̣Ķʦ󽫾
ΪֳӶͲ£ȥ𣿡
΢΢̾ϢһɫüǰһһһεǸɱֿˡ
ǸɱҲһĨȼɫСŮϵĶذף΢΢ɳһ¡
СŮҪɱҶȥˡжȻһ
ǸɱֺȻоһ󾢷ֻǲ׽һģİɫӰ˲ϢԽʮԶľ룬һ˷ӦٶȣѾɵɱߡ
ɱжȻӿһΣյϢʧɫ֮£ذ͵ش¡
Сʯ֮䣬ʩչ˾ַ̧ѾᲦڵ¡
ָԲһָᵯɱµذϡ
ԣ
ɱһپԼֱ۷·Ĵ󹭽һһ㣬ǲı
һָ֮İ˲ˣɾֱ͸ͷ­֮У𵴵ͷĿѣȴ˿û˼еСŮ
국ȻһЦֻ̧ػһ֮£һߵѾɵؽ۴޵СѾͷסѾˣһưƮƮ
ͬʱǸҶɳȥɱֱͬʱ˵âѾõİһ˲ͽԴһűѪ
ԱΧ۵һ˿չֳ˵ľ䲻ݷؾͽСŮһĴͣǰ˾춯书ˡ
СѾͷǾδƲޣ˫ˮһ֮£ʱоһڣոձЮʱͷʱȥˣȻ˯ҶĻ
ᱧ۵СŮ·ŲմһȻ˹Цؿˡ
ΪױΪĻӵӣϲæֵлλ׳ʿŶл֮
ͬʱȺ֮һڼ׵꽫͵غȻվ˳ϲؽе磡
ţôСӣɫʱһϣЩûѻСŮ˳ȥֻܿЦһ
ҪϾأ벻Ǳ˸ϳˡҶεҡͷСѾͷ
Ҷһɫףɫ쳣ļ˹
⼸֮£ѾٷǵǸɬˣü˼ַ˪ĥµĸ⣬ʹ˿Щŭơ
⼸൱ҶһЦ̧Ҷļͷ
ǽ漴ɻʵҶ٣λǡ
Ҷ漴æӺݵĽܵ磬λĻӵ£һֱڱ£λֳҶǰ븮֮󣬾һֱУû뵽ˡ
˵ΧһƬĽʵɨҶ
ôһλھĸֳҶ㿴ǿ񾩳ںˡ
ԭĻӵ£ҶˡҶֻһǷ鵭ص˵ͷ


152 Ƥֲ
ĻӵҶ̬ĮȻҶЩεضĻӵǧ⣬Ҵ⸱С
޷ԭҶ֣;ˣ񾩳ǵʱҸʶ޹ѧʶأû뵽Ҷ侹ȻҲͨĻӲû˿Ľ⣬ˬʵһЦϹϾػһȫ
ʵҶ˱֣ԱߵҲһȻģ
һλھĸ֣Ƿŵʳ֮УҪǻʵ۶Ҫô׶ӦеȨ
Χ˺һȦ֮Ҷ漴ʲôĻӵ£ҸոշһϷˣڣҪ㱨ء
ŶȻд£ϾȥĻ漴תһĻŷԸҺúдҶ֣õˡ
ǲˣ£˴Ǿ˼Ҫʶһ¾ӪҶЦЦȻǾǾһǰȥɡ
Ǿǣһˣô෱ȽʲôҶͷ
ǺãҶ룡ĻرóԼıԹҶˡ
˵һλھĸ֣̺һС
ĻӲҶԣȻЦҶ֣ոǸɱ书粻ߣרɱ¾֮Ȼʦ˽ףȴܹӳʦʵҶܹ赭дؽɱӦڸֲǡ
үҲֻȥŸոͻһصĹؿڶѡҶ赭дصʵҲҲգֻҪͨ͸ˣĵӡ֤̫
ĻӶʱȻ𾴣¶˼
ҶһЦǰţڵתҪγһϵḶ́ҶڽϵķȫѾγһתѾн׵ľ硣
ֻҲ̫ˣȻĻӿѯʣҲ˳һѡ
֮ҪΪ˾ҪΪ˾˺Ǿͬˡ
ԪһĻ佫һ֮£˴˼ʱʼͷӶ쳣ܣʼ۷׷ôһλھĸּүߣ֮еʿױȵġ
Ҷµһ֮£ǸүǴ˵еӣ֮һλʵۡ
Ҷ㣬ͦüߣ˵ע֮£عۡ
ɧӣԱߵҶģЩЦá޲һŽ߷ɣܣʱж̣ôô죿
û취ʱ˽ƵүүҲȱšҶüչصȥʱ˷ǵָʹսˣҾͱˣϱƦǶ󿴵ңҶնɱϽ֮󣬲ס˾ġ
Ҷ΢Դ˪ӣļͷܣˡ
ʲôģүүصһߣǲŽпأ㲻ʲôġҶҡҡͷ磬ڻ֮һˡ
뵽ҶȻ˷סҶĸ첲׷ʵ磬ǲǴүүİаţʩĿƣȻְţ
Ǻǣ£ôȥɡҶ΢΢üÿɷ漴ֳѾһǵĳˣ˼ǶǴ£һһ¹ʿαذ˼棿ŭ˴үүİ
ˣ˵Ͳ˵ҲֻߴүүϢүүҲ˲СѹϢ˼ҿ϶ˡҶЦͷԴѵ⣬Ҳϰ˵ģһʱʱ޴ˡ
ˣԼȥţôʾôɡҶνЦЦ
ȴЦеЩϼһǣ֪Լͻڵľ磬ֻôأ
ҶʮֿǼϼһ

һ˽дӪ֮ûãѾ˾ҵһ׺Χ˳棬ͣط쳣񶾵
ڵѾһƤȴô⣬ֻǼͶʯʹ
ȴֱҶʱҶɫѾˡ
롣ҶˮһԲ̧ëձȻ޷ԿǰһҶѾʧȥӰ
һӰ˲ϢѾǰ̳ˡ
ǸǰָҶӣǰһȻоһȣ˶ʱת˸߿һ㡣
ڷͬʱԼͷϡ
ţڰϮѾʲôʶûˡ
˭ٸһԣҶͷ赭дɨΧһȦ
Χʱƻˣһ㣬Ҷϸɨһ£˲Զһƥǧϣͷڵĺ֪̾ˣӦþ峤ˡ
һͳ˹ȥԱߵ˶ʱ˴ľ׷ײҶ˹ǵסҶ
Ϊ׵Ҷ־Ȼ˵˵ãзһĨ̵ɫһ֮£תҪߣȴǰһӰ
µıһϣĲҽУҶһưͷϣȴ˿á
൱ҾЦˡҶḧһëسЦһֱ۱С㾾ƥ͵һ٣һ˦
Χսʿͳͷϵ˷ʿǣǵһĻη˶ִµǧﱦͬʱ˲ҽ޴ڿлһֽһ㣬ƮƮط˳ǽ档
еѪûм˼֮󣬾Ͱȫ˳ͷˡ
Ҷɨһ۾ʧǣǲҶˣ˵ۣתʩʩȻسͷȥˡ
ڱһȻŹһ֮£һ⳯ҶϮȥ
ҶҲػһߣһץһֻѾģ漴һתһȻһԲ˻ȥһᴩţȻٴιᴩ˱һױ
йս˶ɵˡ
Ҷߵ˳ͷϣľҶǰصϹأƤֲݡ


153 Ҷ
˾ٶȿ죬µĵٶȸ졣
ǵƤֲ֮ڳ¥ϣɥʧĶ־æˡ
˷һλڸ˵Ϣһ㴫ش˴Ӧһ㣬Ѹɢ˻ȥ
˷ĸۡ䳡֮УҶһѩĳͬƣһһ㣬ȥĵ֮мķ֮
Ȼһ֣³һʵ磬㿴ô
ţ׵ȻûתоŷֵĻˡҶŰȻһԣ˵ͷ
׵ǱүүģּһЩǿɵļɣʺɳ۳ˡҶһºˮʵ磬ѾʦŲΪˣûа취Ҿͻ쾳磿
쾳磿ɲôͻƵġҶҡҡͷصҪˣ㲻ǲԣֻ㼱Ϊġ
Ҷ̾Ϣһôȣܸоʵ̫㣬һʵǶһݱգ˵ˣһȨƵλģɲ׷˵쾳ʵѾȫ㹻ˡ
ðɣҡҶվһ̧֣һͰҶסˣȻ˸Ƶİ׹⡣
Ҷȫסˣ˸о֮б޴ˮѹѹһ㣬ܵϢѹƵҪУһѸٹĿУһ˲ӲذŵûһƤ
Ҷ˸ŵźİ׹⣬һͼ͵Ϣһ̶͵ˮͣصӵ顣
ţҶȻתһ㣬ָֽ̧̳Ӱ档
ҶҵţȻоڶʮĸصѨ΢΢һ㼱һɹɻҺɫش˳
Ҷоſ˻Ȼ͵һſڣһ³һѪһµϢͨ¡
ھʮϣѾˣྡɾҶ΢΢ҡҡͷ̾Ϣһ书ҪҪ书ʮֿ̿ˣڵµĹȴǶƿڣս·æÿ±չա
žһžɵһɫۺսǰ͹ӣ沼˹ƣǴӶжթǼ
ҶǿսҲ¼һ漫ࡣ
ҶƴⱾնסѾһǰûĲͬˣȥķ£ܾƣͻ쾳ͲѣõĻܲʱҼǵôס
Ҷ¶ϲɫŵ׺ս𵶣̧ͷȻʵ磬ҸոոоϣǷͻĹؼ
Ҷ΢΢۾ңԶصȥɣӵٰɣڣһҪ޳졣
Ҷԥһ£漴˿еװֵǣ磬ӵǱ߰ȫ
Ҷ΢üͷ漴ֱժǼɫƤۼףһ̽ݸ㽫£ɣﻹл쵤ʮ̷һٽѰ쾳ĸѾκˣֻмǣҪá
ģҶһʱϲæ˹һ̶سȥˡ
ҶֳĹģǷǰҶǲںģȴ΢΢еЩС
ϾѾЩѾϪʯһ㣬ҲӰ첻ĵġ
ʱ򣬸ȥүүˡҶƵ̾Ϣһ

ҶܵľӪפؾ˷ǲ̫ԶҶʱ͵ˡ
ǽ𣿽ɣһֺĴɤŴ˧дˡ
Ҷ΢΢һůҿţ˽ȥ
Ҷܶ˧Уһ׻ɽͼ
ʱδҶܵ뷢Ⱦ˪ֶ˼ֲ֮ɫ
Ҷ΢΢ᣬֱˣȻֻദʱ̣ȴһС
쾳ĸֱפղϣҶѾʮȥȴʮͷģȴ࣬ȻΪ˱֮ºľ
ҶݼүүүүٰҶһ
ҶܣһҶ̧֮ͷһ˫ۣͭϸȻһ磬վ˴ߵҶǰƬ̣Ȼһߺȣ̧һڴ¡¡س˹
ҶɶҲֻ̧ȻҹĶһεȻϽһ㣬ǰһС
Ҷܳһȭصش֮Уţ뺣һ㣬ʱ˸ɾ߰סҶܵ͵һǳҶܵĶסӣһʱһɾ˰벽
ϳһ˶Ľӡ
ҶֺܴϷһĨЦݣصҶļͷȻǸСӣˣҵĵҲ͸ˣ
ñط꣬ǧֻһ仰
Ǵүү˽нճɾ͡Ҷص
Աߵ׷Ҷֵܹϲ󽫾ϲ󽫾
ҶܹЦ˷Ҷ֮֮Ҵһλسãִ
ҶЦļ件·ϵİѾŲһһ㣬ҶЦһ


154 ı
Ӫ˧ʵ֮УҶһ˶ޱȵ֮УڣŨŨҩ㡣
Ҷܰ۾֮УҶվı˫ΪŽǡ
ȻѾףҶܱϾ쾳磬פղϣǾ׳Ŀȥͬʮ㣬ȫ絶һ㡣
Ͼ˰Ҷһþа̾
ֻҪûʥľ磬ڵҲֻǣӻһ˥϶ѣֻӳʮ
ʥͲͬˣʥѾӵ಻ԣӵǿܹʹ˥ϵ±ŷԡ
ɹħܹ֮֫
ңڼˣҶܺȻ۾ʵʵ˵ҵҲλڸˣǺ񾳽綼㡣
ҶܱȻһ£ô˵ɣЩڸֵȻȴѾһĺˡ
үүʵҲ㣬еʱҾѾͻ۷ΪˡҶһظǣȻһЦĥһͻƵƿѾн׵Ϊˡ
Ҷ˫ĿԲһȻн׵ľ磡ҵ죡㾭˶˶鵤ҩ
ʵҲûʲôүүʵ֪ģٶ鵤ҩҲȲһͨ
ҶЦЦΪɹǵ̫үүܹ֮ɾڣΪ࣬õҲ࣬ӡ֤ǲѣǵȴûʲô书ֻǴһЩȭ͹ʵǴѧʣʮʱѽȫ͸ˣ֮۽翪֮󣬸ӡ֤ųɾҵλ
ԭˣ
Ҷ죬૵صһ֮ˣҶҵͷˣڡŻѪѵʵడϧЩ󱲷Ҫܶã
˵գҡͷ겻ѣƺʱĻ档
ҶʱҲǼеһˣײö飬ȴϲǹŪ֮Ҳȥ뾩ϿֱͶãʮľİѬյҲû˰Ϣˡ
Ҷһɹǣһ߸пصǰе¥ʵҶµһʲƸ
Ҷܿʵ˼֮ôأ
Ҷһ£漴үүҲ㣬ҳ˽һ׮֮ҾҪ뿪ˣͨ콣ɼС
ȻҪ뿪ˣҶһ˫Ũüõص
үүҲ뿪ҶƽصűϽͨ콣ȴŹˣ׼ȴѾˣڵѾܹһʳǲӦôڷȵ⵽ļɵֵزȻҶµ񣬵Ҳһ֮˷ֲ̫үүҶҲΪһ㣬뿪˼壬ʮ궼ûѶǲ뻵˼еˡ
Ҷܵһ˫˿Ũüչ˿Ѿ򣬻˵ͷԭˣ˵ĵҲмֵ
ҶʵүүֻǵƾҶ֧ĻӣϾЩĻЩƺҲЩ͵ˣûȡҸùϵ
ûϵҶ΢΢ҡҡͷҶҺҶ浽˹ؼʱ̣㿴ɣҶվһģЩҲװΪ˺ʮ꣬ӲǿܿίܶҲడ
ҶĬһ£ɫԴҵصүү㲻˵ʲôҲ׵Ŀ˵ˣҿҪ뿪ˣʲôǷŲ¿أ
ҶοصܿͺãվϾʮġ
үүҺг𣬵ұҲзִģҲɱ˶ˣҶӾҲ͹ˣҾֶҡ֮¡ҶһëصҶ鲻ɣǼҹ£ػĵһ׵ġ
ҶƬ̣΢΢˵ͷҵˣֻ漰˷ò
Ҷ֪ҶΪ˽ȻҪңҲ־¿Ц
ϾҶҺҲҶܳ̾һҲˣҪ췴飬ڶʮǰǸӭȢ˵ʱǾѾˣʱĴѲӺӽزֻۣʣĻҡүүѾеĶߡ
Ҷ̧ͷҾүүѾôѵ
ûүүֻǼѣָͷ棬˽˽ϯһְҶ侲صǣ̫ˣȴָãγǼϼһҲûбİ취ֻȱסȻѪ£ĻڱҲгɣҲѽɣ£˻ʸҡġԵңʱԻϼλϱ룬Ϊ̫ӡ
衭ǲǣҶʵ
û¡Ҷüëҡҡָд۸ӣϸǲģż㸸׺үүֵģϾΪҲزס飬á
ҶΣƤĬˡ
ֶ̫Ǹ֮أңֻ¶ҡ͢𢡣Ҷ磬̾Ϣһ±ң⻼֮£տɾҪˡ
ҶܵҶҲѧҲĵǵѾʦľˣЩȴԶԶĲ
Ȼһ󽫾ºһš
ɡҶܴվԡۣȵ
޷ԶؿˣһȫµƮȻ˹ϥص°ݼ󽫾


155 
ӵԱԡҶ
ãҶܰ˰ֵҶˡ
ǣ󽫾񾩳ڸոմϢСǰΪ˷纮Ѿˡ
ʲôҶܾһ£漴صˡ
Ӽںܶ಻֤ݶѾָҶңʸģѾ̣ǰ
ʸһ￴ŭˡҶɫ˵ͷǻʸɵİãʸ˹ķӦΪ棬ˣɣϷҪ̸һˣʱ򡣡
˻㱨֮ʵ󽫾Ǹô죿
Ҷˮ˸ãҾ
漴ȥˡ
ҶܵɫЩѿ
үүǵĻʸɣ
ʸһǸϻʸֲҶҽ˴˵ŭģʱ򡣡Ҷܰ˰ֵúϲ̸һ̸ֻǵĳ¿϶˲ʿ
ֹʿҶ漴ͽŵһЩҶܡ
Ҷɫ쳣ѿȻмɼ룿ξЩ鷳ˣֻ֮ҲЩܲˣȥ֮󣬼һŵƽ̣ȡ֧֡
סҶ˵ͷ

ҶڵоӪ֮С
ʸٶȺܿ죬ŭͷԣѾʧȥˡ
ʸҵļʸ۰죬ݺݿŽߵľдӪ߸һɻʸҵӵܡ
ʱĻʸɣνŭӣѾǳ׺ۣǻʸҲҶЩ壬Ǽǿܻʵ۳谮ĵǼ֮һӣǵʵ谮ӣȻһֱò쿪ۣõһλǲ֮ǰȴزۣҲΪ˹ȣŹгָҶҡ
ʧȥ˵ıͶǰ̵ķŭһ侲ĻʸɳʧȥˣеĿ궼ָҶ֮Ϊŭ漴һеܵ˶λãҵҶʡ
ҶǸĳҶ˵Ҳϼ޻֮Ըңܴ俴һЩߡ
ȷҶΪôʸɷģһҪҶı
ʸȷҶܵ˧֮һ·ֱӾͳ˽ȥˡ
˫۷ؿҶܡ
ʸôпյˣҶܵ
ǺǣֻѲһ¼⣬˳ݻһҶ󽫾ʸɱŹе侲֮ɫصûбʲô˼
ҶصŶʲôɰݻģ㻹лֱ˵ɣϷϲơ
ʸ赭дصǼҵ飬Ѿ֪˰ɣ
ҸոյõϢ
ôӦúܸ˰ɣʸɫƽص
ҶܲصΪʲôҪˣ
ΪľҶҷֵĻӣʸɵɫ΢΢鴤ţһ˿֮⡣
һĲˮõ˻ʸɵϡ
侲һ㣡ı֮Ҳ˵Ҷؿ豭صص˵ϡ
ʸɴŴԭ˫һ㵭Ѫ죬̺޵ɱ
ʸɣҶ֮ΪǶԻҳϣȻָҶңҶҶȻɳġҶܻؾֵ㲻ţҶܿԶ̫ʵģҶҵκβڻ֮£ҶҴӴھʦ伣Ӿ
Ҷܷ˺Ķģʸɶʱɫһݣɻ󲻶
ǿϸһ¡Ҷƣ̾Ϣһ㲻ãСӵǰλӵزۣ𣿡
ʸɱϾı㣬˻ʱȻһؿڵ˼ǣ
ҶصʸСӣǻϵֿСӵǻΪۣҶҵֻܵѣƾҶҵĸδûжɽĻᡣ
ʸɫȻ֪Ҷܵ仰ʲô˼ҶԿ֮񣬼ȹΣ֮У֮ҶֳһλҶ䣬õʵ۰˵ȯҶҵӵȴǴδѳȻ뽫Ҳһʡϸػ񷨡
ҲˣҶȻ⵽ãҲܵ¼ѹơ
ңһλʦҶĹѫͳȻĵλ˭ҶҶҡ
ȻѾ֮ãҶҵʦҶѾջƻҲѾˣʸ֪ҪҶҵһʵۿɵġ
СȴˣڵģĻӣĻٳ⣬˵˵˭
˵ǳʸ͵ضһ£ɫɷףָָָϷ
˵ģʸɣҿʲôû˵Ҷϼ޻ؿһۣ˹صЩĻڱҲװ˰ٶĻ֮Ĵɱ
ʸɻվɫٿȻ࣬ڽ˼֮󣬺ȻҧʵΪβϱ͢
͢ΣաҶصĽ춼ҵӵ»⵽εĴɱϱ͢Ȼ˳ûҪ󽫻ӵȥӵĵطֻĻӸѱ
飡ʸһȭϣӲ̴ľһ±˿
Ѿˡʸŭҧгݵصȫˣǳǳôû뵽Ƕǻʸҵǰ̣භ
пνֱŭʸҵһϣ˲˵˽ʵʵذһЩûһš
죡ֻҲ˵Ҷѹȵ
ʸҵǰѾڴֲ˻ʸҺҶҵĴսܲҧ
󽫾˵ɣڸô죿ʸһϵĲˮһĨľ⣬漴ؿڵѾ˻͡
ʸҲĻ֪֮ӪϷ֮أ϶õϷŷҵ֧֣ĻӼλôʸҾǻ⵽ԻʸҶ۵ԴԻжɽĻᡣ
ͲͬˣһǻʦôЩϷŷ͵˴֮ʱͻ̻ȨǸ档ǸʱһһʦѾ֮õʮҳͻΪյĻƻ
ѾǴ˸ҵĸ档
Ǿʦŷ̵ġ
ʸɣҶܹ֮ӿڣΪҶҵ೤ҶһֱֵĴ̬ȺͼԭǴûȥӰ죬Юһλ˼Ϊϣ»һλǿľһλǿľҪǿģҪҳ֧֡


156 Ͷ״
ҶɫȻصҶ˵̬ȣֻҪڵ£𢣬ҶԸһ˽ԹЯֲƽ֮ң
л󽫾ָ㣬ڲ֪ҶΪʲôһֱʢ˥ˡʸ˸ϰµһģʱŽˣһĨ⣬Ҷһ
ʸһֱԼеСӣԼδʵ۵ĹˣսټҲ㣬ǶԻʸҰͽᱶʹûʸɸĿһؽ
һˣͻɱǣҲΪһ㣬ʸһֱûаѳүһֱǰѷĻӵҶҵжд̣ȻҶƴһʱ䶯ãǻʸȴʱʱظҶϵҩ
Ǵ˴Ҷܵһø֮£ûʸ˰˰궥ǳ׽˸͸ҲʶԭԼĵһֱĳ
ҲʶѾʮΣˡ
ʸɻصҶ󽫾˼ǣܷǻʸһЧĻǰĻ᣿
Ҷоһʸɲϼ޻ȻŭջԴ侲֮תۼôһҪ
òϵǣ϶۹ܶѾ׼ĻҪǻλҪʵƾһҶҵʼЩ
ǵҴʱ򣬹ɾûˡ
ҶΣȻʸҿô
ҡʸɶʱ
ҪζԷֻһ˲飬ҪζԷȴһʱ̿԰쵽ġ
ҶܵĻɣ⣬ϾѾôˡֵ঵ʱ򣬽СĲǱƷʡ
ҶܣҲˡ
һʸҲأǧ֮һ֮һĸʣҶʮѪһ
ʸɵɫһʱѿޱȣҲ֪˵ʲôźˡ
֪Ҫô˵Щֱ̫ˣⲻһС¡Ҷں棬صʸɣȥɣֻҪһεͶ״ԸĻǰΪǼԼ䡣
Ҳ֪һʱ޷ȷϺʸɳص˵ͷãһǻʸڱһе֧ҶܵÿһΣ
˵꣬ӻȡһɫ׭ŻʸĻ¡
ҾͲˡҶʮָ棬صͷãһܹµˣҵʹ
ʸжʱϲͷãû⣡Ҷ󽫾ٲգҾǰһʸڱһȫԴֻĻӵİȫ棬ֻҶҲЩδɣ
֮Ѿһ˿̽
ҶܴǷһĨЦҵֶҶոѴлھҵλߣ˵Ǵ̿ͣǳǧҲûá
ʲôҵλʸзһĨȵ֮ɫƤӣ״εصھ磡ҵ죡ӵµ߻ǡ
ҶܵȻؽӿڵ
ɾҵλĸ֣Ѿ츳ʺͺԴĶѻˣһ˵ﶼΪд˴컯񾩳ʮ֮УȻ٣ھĸȴδһ־׼伸ѾʥܹϵȺˡ
޹ֺʸɻ¶𾪵ɫҶֹܲھھЩļһǡ
ʱӰģ𵽵ЧЧ
ʱвµˣȴµү
ȥɣͼλϸһ£ڴˣǵϢҶޱص˵ͷƣص
ʸҶܣ̽صǻʸҿóˮһġ
ˣûˣҶİŭѾʲôʱˣһһףʸɣϽİû˳λӦãЩƨԺ˵
ʸɱôһͨƿڴ֮£ҲҶˣֻܻطȥ
ҶǴľˣһǸƢǸμңҲǸˡ
˼ҵ˻Ƣ񾩳ǿǳģʵӶҶΪȴֻսԼó֮ܶʵʹģִ޶ԵĻʵ۶ΣҲΪ
ʸȻһͨȴ˱˼ʧл̵ġ
һƢ𱩵ү
߳˴Ӫ֮󣬻ʸɱգһڳѪ˿нһĨ
Ա߽ŵһݵӿڵڿҶƺû
ҿȫ϶ҶҸɵˣֻҡһʱŭģ˷硣ʸɫҶһֱعٳĹҶĸڣǼ岻ɳִģ벻벻ֹؼʱ̣ҶҾȻֳһλҵλĸ֡ٺ١డ˵ǻʸңжμҡԴۼҽҲǸģ쾳ʦ٣ôǳһڣ
ҡҡͷ뼰Ѿŵƣɫ
岼õȻһȫǿŻʸΪŭʧأټҶҶԹȴûϵǣʸɻʧص̶ֳȣһϵеļƻȫûЧ
ڱŭº׳嶯Ҳ׵֮УŭѾȫڸǣҲͻˡ
ҶҾȻֳһλڡʸ˵ҡҡͷЩȻһ˵ǼʻĽĸо
ҶܰԵЧ֮ûʸжʱҶһĸо
ȻĽ֮ʼҲ֮ǿȷϵһǣҴʲô˼ȷĻӾӵζˡ
Ҷ񾩳꣬ȴȫԼϸμң֮ʧɢкܶþʦʮƷ񣬶ڼλڸ֣ҲҺҶʲô˼
ھĸ֣䳬ȻĵλѾǲǿˣƺ֮Уһ൱׻ʳ֮ʥ͵ĵλˣλھҶһֱȵ񾩳ǵһҡ


157 δ֮·
ԱߵĹܼһʸź룬ʵǡҪҶҺô
ʸɫ˲ͱˣԼѾʵӺСӣɫļҪѪĹܼа
ٳٶ۵Ҳܹϵܲɱˡ
ʸɫƽصûˣӺڳУµĻѾ˾ʦʮеŦҶѾռ˴ͷҲûʲôϾҶĻ̫ĹӦõģǻʸֻҪڣøҶһЩ沢ûʲôˣ񾩻ʳĴȻĻӵϣҲֻ˴
֮дһ˿ʣԱߵĹܼҳɵصǳǱߡ
ȻѾܹɳ飬ǻʸҾͺǲݵĽˣңȻѾ׼ҪıôҾͲʸжȻһĨĿĵĺݺݵصˣȻ쵽ֵزǻʸҶʮѪǰ̣ҪǺҶڶ˳𲻱һʸĲΪˣǰȥ̰ѳھʦڵ߶𣡡
ʸѾǱףܼҲһ£æӦһ
ʸɺȻһУ漴ֿڵȻҪѣǾ;ѵĳһЩˣ㴫ȥ֮кͳһϵ⣬ʹ̶̣پ̶٣թƭթˣҲνˣģǵһϢˣԺ󣬴˸֮еʱǲϷЩŴ󷧣ȺΪ˵һҲܲˣ
˵󣬻ʸɼǱˡ
ŻʸбȺХıɱܼҲ΢΢ʱ˸ͻҪһʲô鶼ʸһοҪ׵ķˡ
˿ҶһƲԼ֮󣬻ʸһǻĳѾϽһѣȫע˳ͷˣѾ׺͸˳˷ȥ֮һҪɱǧĳǧУ
ҳȻȴһĳʶҶϼȨȻٲ˳÷Ҳ飬ҶϼȴһֱعٳϵĹأд˾͵ãյֶɱҶϼ徭ʮʵ۶ʥ첻˥
ȻƣΪҶҸɵģתͷҶҵʷҶһɵΪȴ˺顣

о֮УҶҶվԣҶܶУ̽Ÿľ顣
Ҷһ鿴Ľζ
ڻʸѾҪǺˡҶܵ˵ϵİ񻢷Цɣò˶ãҶһѷظ
Ҷеı飬ʵүүô죿ҪҪȥǵĿɺץ
ץһɺҲƾٳһλġҶҡҡͷЦ걱һ˺İ֣ţЩ̹ʳǵĲǾԲ뿪ģ鷳͸ֻŰɡ
ҶĬȻ̾Ϣһ
ӵռݾƵʵЩ£Ҳеһ
Щ˵չֳ񼣵ʵҲǾ赲סǼĽŲ
ԾֲŤתԴƣȴҲֻ̾ˡ
ҶȴһЩ顣
үүò׵ȵˡԱߵҶ㲻ԴԹصӦóթʸһѵģǰǼûʸҸżˡ
ûϢĶҶһͻˣץֽ˹ȥžһ¾Ͱͷˡ
ҶܻζһСɽһۣõصѾҪĹͷˣǾʦţӦһ¶⣡㻹ôƽϼе£
ҶűҳԴֽһ漴ͷܵسȥˡ
ҶЦһ
˵ףҶ㵽׻ǸҶܵʱջ̣̫ҶܵıԣЩڹҴǰظؼԭ
ҶܲǸְҵˣǹ֮ʯس˼ĽǽɽҴ£һ漰˹ҴϣҶܴԹҴΪصģƽϼЩƨ顣
Ҷǰἰһ飬Ź֡
үүҲǵģͷƢö档ҶԴϱĸԹ
㰡ǻáҶ̧ͷϵĸػͷϵѪ飬˴үүôˣ㻹˼ҵôǰĪҪ飡
ҾǲģҶصƾʲôҶʮֵ꣬£ǻʸƨͶûУȴҪһԻ
ѽҶ̧һصûͷλã۵
ҿô飬ǰ׶ˡҶһۣܣԺ󶼲Ҫ뷨ѾһСˣһӣ˼Ӧǽɽ𢣬ǹҴ֡
ҶŲˡ
˲·ɱ˸ĸҶ۾һ߾⣬ⳡ֮УҶȻռ˴ͷọ̈̄Ļӻ¼ǣҲȺ֮ʱӦóһǣµ飬Ƿ־ñغϣϾñط֣ûҪƽϡ
Ҷҿû⵨ӣҲûôθڣôҶ
ҶͷƤЦ磬˵ЩҲǲãֻǡ
ֻʢǰɣܹ뷨ҲӦö࿼һ´үү;үү̬Ҷļ򵶣ܣѾˣǹٳϵˣҶҪֻˣҶǴڷ˼ϣΣʱҲǿʱˣ򲻿ҪչֳĲŻҶҵûıҪûҲҪһҪеʹؽ㰡ʲôãǻЩ꣬Щ¡


158 ɼ
סҶһĨᶨ֮ɫ漴ʵǸأ
뵽Сʵòѧ̫үүǰ㡭
Ҷûشɫ̾Ϣһתȥߵ˴ǰĸơ
ھ磬Ҳ̫Ʃ˵ͥƩ˵Ѷĸס
ϣ˭ɼģ⡭
Ҷ̨»ִӵϾһƬҶڱǶᣬ漴ָ׵һԣ̫үүҶ壬Ϊܹͻƾ磬ѡ뿪壬µǻ֮ڼʱҲ̫ˡ̫ʳվŭ
ˡҶһĨȻ֮ɫ磬׼ȥģ
Ժ˵ɡҶһ˦ӣЦܣĪΪʵҲɼģ뿪֮һὫȫ˽ϲܹȻ뿪
ֵĬȻͬʱε̾˿
ʸǰŸո뿪֮ǼĶȴעҶҵĴҡ
ʸҲûбҪȥʲôˣֻϼңܴҶңܴĻϷֵ
Ϊʮ֮һļһЩģСһҶҵ͸©ѶϢЩȻȨϼһǣʶѾΣյʱˡ
ŵҵļͬᵽѪȵĲӬһһѷܵ˱ˣ˴һǿûʸģԴӵ֮󣬾һֱͻʸұõĹϵеһ׼ʸڵͻһһжӰ̾ͰеעҶҵͷˡ
Ҳ׷ǰ̽Ļӣȴ˸һһˡЩϼһȻҶ˱ǾͰĿŵһֱĻӽõһϣȴǱһֱ׷ĻӵҶ㣬˲ٵĽ鱦Ҳ˲ٵƨ
ĻҶҵҶܺҶλǰ֣Ҳۼ˲ٵĻš
ҶģҶ䣬ټҶλĻӵǹ
һֻ䶨ڻӹಡĻʵ۹ҵ֮ǰĻΪ̫Ӵô֮Ѿһˡ
Ҷ̰̰һ漰ҴҪһҶܺҶġ
Ҷֻȷش͸⼸һѶϢҪĻʾû⣬Ͷ״ױƲǵõεѷ
ֻҪұ˺ͳƲ̬ȣõҶҵΣôҶȻ᳨Żӭ
ȻӴ˵ʮҪҪҶ֣Ѿǰ϶ˣǸӳڽĿǣǱͶ״С
ʱֵ϶ո¹һѩһƬãԶɽһƬװع
˷ѩ磬Ҳ࣬ʯĴϣҲֻмͯηϺڶѩϷѡ
˷ڵһۡլ֮һƬ䳡ڣĻѩɨĸɸɾ¶Ĵ鰬Ҷʯ壬Ӳʯϲ˲ٵĽӡۣǳµ书ýزĥġ
һýӰʯ̳ɵĹ㳡ϣȭҽ֮ž죬Ӱȭţ˺ѿǿҾ罫һУΧĻѩɾǾˡ
䳡ΧվһɫʿЩʿһ࣬Ȼ캮ض䳡УΡȻװҲǲͬһôڸ£ڴŽ˿ףŰֵĸУбһ̥һɫ㣬ƺʱرһ㡣
ЩоȻʦΪΪߵһѾʦ۷ľˡ
䳡Ӱ֮УΪ׵һƾװ꣬ԼĪʮͷģںı֮УҲβסüһɻ֮
ŶԵԼʮ߰䣬԰ҲüĿ㣬㣬ǳ绢֮֮ͣ籪֮Ѹݣ֮׺ݣȭơָצȡų֮ǹͷһ㣬׺ݸȻȵڽںˣмܵΪࡣ
˵书ߵĸѸ·ӣ鶯ߡɱ绢з鶯籪ȭ󿪴أȽʱŲپ׼ʽ궷˸¡
˺ʮغ֮ʽȴǲ£ȴѾʮԵظо־תỮһ˿΢ЦȻһǰһʽҰף˫һ֮£Ӳʽ𵴿֮߳£ȭǵصչ󿪴ϣľ缤Χѩ衣
꣬ȴÿ£Ϣֿ֣ʼ·ˣֻתΪˡ
书ʽ쾫⻪ʵ󣬵ƳȴԲ꣬ȻĴĥ棬ٵһ磬Դһʼ֣Ͳȡ칥͹ַսپ⻪͹Ҳֻܲȡһ˿ؼвжѡ
ؽ˶ٶ֮о֧֣ʼţһ㣬ʽתΪأȭȻһ䣬Ȼ鶯һ㣬нŻػҲ쳣ϽƷӺݵ깥
ʱһЦҲ׷ˣֻȡЦҶ͵ܣˣˡ
˵̧꣬ҵһϺȻһɫĲ⡣
飡Ҷ㱻ӿĴ͵زһ£񵯹ʯһ㣬һӾ͵˳ȥ˵һײǽϡ


159 Ҷ
Ļӵ书ҶǲµģҶ͸Ƥۼײ̺һɴܹ壬ۼϸǸ
Ҷ㱻һᲦˣжʱӿһɲᣬһĻ
Ƶ֮£һƳ׷Ļɫһϣеɢˡ
ҶǳûȦˣ˸ͣ
ǵģ֪ϵ׸ҪѹˡҶ㴭˼ڴЦȻ֧ӮҲʤ֮ˡ
͵֪ʽ㲻ңԲת˹Կ칥͹ķʽм˱֮䵹Ƕ˼ʹζΪֿò̫ã͵ʾܹͻʦ֮ˡĻӹЦ漴ժʵƺ͹һڣʱڡ
̧һӣľƺһ߳˹ȥľȴ쳣Ĵء
Ҷվ˲ǰ͵һãַһӰ㵲ס˷ľƺֱǹţľƺеת˼Ȧľ
Ȼڶͣ͵˺˻ξƺˮһֱֱУŨľ֮мŵҩ㣬ѬȻ
˷ǴͨڵҪŻ֮һλüҪһʧ⻢ͻ룬Ĺڴӡ
ҪλãפĽȻҲǷ֮ͳһ֣ĻȻλȨأȺ䣬书Ѿʦ۷徳ľ磬ڼҶ͸ۼף渽Ϲƥ
˷ڵһϵ֮УҲֻ귽ʮҶ书ڣƽֶѡ
Ҷ㣬ոһѾ֮ˣѾˣĻʵ
ҶЦص£ҺҴ統书նΪҴ罫书޶һҸι̣һ˿⣬ֻұϾǸûдι̡
ţ͵ܳңȴҲûЩӵܵĸܹ֮ڷ䣬ɾͲĻȻЦЦӹƺ͵ܣ⼸յõֵָ㣬书⾳Ѿңֻûеλѣ书Ӱ첻ԺҵЩҩһֲ
ԲдһӰҶѾ䳡֮ˡ
ҶˡĻһæһ¹ڣҶһ
ĻӶҶһǿֿҶֵƣǶҶȴԽھͳ
²˿ҶЦЦոҵõϢҡļҡ⼸ѾԸˣҪһ档
Ļɫ΢΢һ˸漴ʵкθ߼
Ҷ£ΪʱӦȥ⼸λǣչֳԼֻ¼λǲĵģԱ߻֣ʲôġ
Ļ˸ߵߵ棬΢΢ͷҶ˵ļǣ֪ôˡ
תˣҺҶһȥλ
Ҷ˵ûĻӱֵǿƶһЩܹסĴģΪһǿƵľǲƫƫһģڵǡǡ෴Ļӱֵ̫ųһЩǾʹҶѾȫ̿סĻӣӵǻ֮󣬽ȻԼļӰ졣

˷һƫƧС棬һ¥֮С
ľ¥ʧޣΪᣬڵȴǸֺɽ亣ζ
һûôľƲˣɫ˼
⼸ӿۣۼݣȴǸǶεɫ
ոĻӺǻһҲûжֱ꣬Ӿˡ
ϼȻ̾ϢĻӵĻͦҲСҶЩµĹҲǲСˡ
ҼдĽͼʣҲҶңǼվǲҶң˼ңɳ۹ŵҲԶǼ壬øѧѧǣһξͲ㱻ʸǸ˸ĺܲңóʦֻЩǧңյĻƻˡ
˼λ֮Ļӵ̬ݲȣԼλ̽ʣһһӦ𣬵ˮ©λʮ⡣
ʵĻӻӹǿƣѾҪˣΪڴʮҵĸ棬ڵʮֻҪΪȡһЩѡ
ĻԵǿƣԸĻǸôǷλҵ棬һζƫҶҡ
ĻӹݵƫҶңôȻҵʱ뷽跨شѹҶңҲҪҶڵԪ˲ǡ
ιˣһˮƽ
׷ĻӱʾЧңĻӴӦǵ漴ǲЧҵļӵܣļŮĻһЦˣȻǲͻ֮Уֻ鶨˴ƽʱܹӭȢ֮
ֻǵǲܹĵΪĻЧͺñȣҽҪ˻ߵĺ߲ŻҽһᾡȫΪǾһ
ʸҡҡļҡŷԼҼҵĵϵŮ¼޸ĻӣΪӵĲҶܵĴŮҶ޸ĻΪ
һǻӣһǽŻŮڱʱѾͶϡ
е̫Ӹ֮ۡУӺݵĻӶԺУԱվһ۵ߡ
̬ݲȣһֱѧӺȣһȥ̲ס⡣
ǰڷĸ챦һǺĻΪ֮ᡣ
ڽգҶ佫ԼϢ֪ҶܣӦϣҶһ򶼶Σиı˾ʹӦҶ˵ΪϢų֮󣬾û˵ɱˡ
ǰһʥʾŶͼɽͼԵҶִӼؾѰҵģĻδʱ֮ڣҶ˼һףĻӶǿ磬ӵ˼һ棬ֻǵһӦ档
ĻӿʯϵĶʵʦǸô죿ոմӴ󽫾֪ʸǽˡ
£ʱ˿̣ӦöȡЩŷҵ֧֡Ҷۺ룬˼һ£ɫصֻеõЩŷҵ֧֣²ԿֻڳڽҪ⼸һЩǳ׺ͳվڶһ棬ȷǵĳ֮ǲܹȡǡ


160 ǧ
ĻӻŲӣüģЩõüͷʦ˵ļǣֻҶдѹʱͽ⣬ǲ̫ܡ
ҶȰο½Ҫͳĺ򲻿ɸ£Ӧйĺؽǣңڵĵǳ
ĻˮƬ̺չһЦ˵ͷʦ֮Ѿˡ
Ѿ¶˾ģԼǻ֮һҪʦΪة࣬ΪλʦӲϲжһˣжһ˵ƷжԳõӰ졣
ʮ̣ʮҶ˼ѾǶۻ𣬶زɣɽȻģѾϹʥ͵ľ硣
ĻӶ˶漴ʵ֪Ҷ֣кδ㣿
Ҷֶ֪ո֪̽˼λ֣вڡھĸˣֹֻ׼ɽȥϣܹȰ˵ţɳ£ҲԷģֶ֮ǰί˼λ޵ֿڵΧ֣͸µļ¼֮ѰҲǵµĶˡ
Ļҡҡͷ漴ȻЦʦ⣬Ȼϵ죬ѾܵõǴ󱦣ܹҲˣҲȥȻҲգܹǾˡ
ǣԻ߱ɫҶȻص˵ͷ̾һ
ʹհɡĻ˼һ£漴صգٺ⼸λһ£Ǹ̯Ƶʱˡ

ڶһ磬ĻӾˣҶҶֵ֮ܵͬ£ֻصصϡ
ֻ໥̽ѣ⼸峹Ļ̯Чҵʱˡ
ԶȻһ̳Ҷɫ΢΢ݡ
áҶվ
һֱԱ߸𾯽Ҷɫ䣬ݶ棬ִϸȥ
ӾѾ̳ȷ˵Ķˣһ̳ȷ˴ιĵˣǧˣ
صµĻˣһɱ
λɫٿȻ䣬ռжʱý
Ҷ͵һγеıŭżɫļǲǸģ
ܣҪڳ嶯Ҷ񻺻ɨӹλӣᰴס֣λУгļϸпܵģԼյصġ
ǣǣšͳͳȥҶסȺҵļû˵̾ͷʩ
ߵļλ̾ͷֳ߰˸˳ȥ
Ա⼸λҲ̾´ԼߵļȥɱĻߵļȴεػĻӵߡ
ǸȺôǵİڣҶֱš
İڣЩֻѾˡҶ۾ȺɫԵƽˣҲǶԷְɡ
Ҷپһɺֱ˹ˣȫ쬵ģһĭѵʵ硭а취Ըǧ𣿡
ԿɡҶŲԶɽȣһڿлһӰӯһʯ档
ȺٶȺܿ죬Ҹ죬˵ҲƷı
İɣ
ɣ
ɣ
һˣ
ҶŲȺŲشˣڳһԲ׮ļָ̧֣ذסСǰסţһɵСλ
ӭȺسһ˷·ƤһѪܱ͹һŭһ㣬͹ˡ
ҶⱬϽһ㣬һ´ϸߡ
Ȼ׶׼ȺܿڳХ
𣡣
ХԽ漴ذθǿҵ̶ȴһǵζ׳ɽƾ嫺һɾ޴𵴺ɨ֮£һپɢ֣һʱ侹ǳʧȥеս
Ҷһã׼λһɽȣܹʹصݴδЧ
Ϊ׵һͷµսܲסۻľ޺һôȴХӰһͦӵγն󵶳Ҷɱ˹ֻȽԾ֮£һƥǧһ㳯ɱ˹
ҶĳХ֮ڶ˿ɱͷӡ
ӸҶбҶȻ˹еһչסͷӣ˵ƴʮغ֮Ҷ㶯飬¡¡ĵһһ㣬֮£ͷ֫Сһ㽫ڵˡ
һŽͷߵϱعڵ֮ҶתͷҶҶһЦһնɱƣҶʱЦһ߸߾Ľ׼Ĳӣ৵һͷӵԴնѪƥӿ˳


161 죡
һƳ֮Ҷڵ˴룬ɫҲ΢΢Щס
һƮԾȡһɫĵ躬ڿУػˡ
ڵȻǿ󣬵ԻָҺѧȻĻҪǵƾһػɱЩĵࡣ
ս֮У󲿷ֵѾ𵴵˹ȥֻٲֵûе£Ҳû˶־ͷܶȥ
ɳĮ֮еսɱײȻҰ޶ˣǺѵ顣
𣡡Ȼ涸شһƳХ𵴵鹶
ӰشԶƽŲմһ㣬ڷɱ֮УѾһСС÷
ҶΪ֮ȵǣһֵıǳֳߵ˫泤
ַĳѰߵкʹöǳɱսҲԵЩ׸ˣŵ쾳ߵУͿˣ˵볤ǹ˫ƣܲһ㡣
һȻѾ쾳磡
쾳޸֣ԼȭѾ𲻵ˡ
ͬʱ֮жȻ
ͣкȻһϸ΢ƿվһߺϮһ㣬ֱӳĻӴɱ˹
Ҷһٿ˳˰ɡ˲Ϣ֮䣬ѾѪɽĺˡ
ɽϻʲô۶ӣû׼ÿӲӣʹӿռȡǸ˳ǹĳǹһ˦һǹӯһȵѹոֹͣСϡ
ǹһһȦһԲϾǹһȦסѪɫС
Ҷչǹ缱һ㣬ǱѪɫķɽ·뼤еһ㣬תŲȴ޷ӳǹĶΧ
ԶԶȥѪɫķɽǱճǹһ㡣
ֻһʽǹĶǹҶĳ뻯һǹĴСȦǹɣһֻӬҲӳǹⶶԲȦΧƽںӱǹʱһʽǹһҲˮͳǹơ
˵ɽһͷ׺أӥҶ趯ǹһ˶ƾǹȦ֮תŲƣ޷ѡ
߳Ҷһǹ涸Ȼһһ֮£Ϻ˦βһ㣬ǹͷײСϣطһ죬Ȧס˵ķɽȻ֮ವһ¾ͲԱɽϵһʯͷ϶֮С
Զ֮жȻһɫӰʧ˷ɽʧȥצϻʱʧ
Ҷ쳣Ļӵ߶ȻһļХҶ͸Ǳշ𣬻һ׺缤
˻ɢ֮£ĽһӶеıնΣϬƥĽɵնͷ­
ʱ˿̣ӵ߿˹ˡ
Ҷӵ˽һݣȻڿնһеĳǹһֱߣعһȻɳдܳĽߣ³оӴ̻
쾳·뵽Ҷǹһչ֮£ΧһƬŭУ滨һ㣬˲Ϣ֮ͽסˡ
ɱһȻͺһһڵһԣг⽻֮£ȻͼסҶǹơ
ȣҶһ壬ƽؾһ㣬𵴵Χҡɢ
ৣǹ涶һȦȦǹıһҶǹζ֮£һ˳ǹܶĶһ㣬ֵǹͷûָһǹȻ˵ĵƾȦ˸ţײ졣
ʣҶ˫ַһ㣬ıͬʱʳһһ㣬ǹ͵뵶棬һһ
쬵һĿڽʳĳͱ˿УҶûһƤңһϽӰХ
žžžշī޽˵ĶŴı޾͸룬ǡôؽǵĴԽѿ
Ȼ˽ƿվ죬˶һʦĳҶ˹
ǹҶŭһεתͻͷĳǹһ仡ǹ磬Ȼ¼һӵı
һʽǹϾ޴һӾͽӵİͷǹǸҷѪԽ춼ǡ
ӶȻһ䲻ʵҽУɽ֮лصݣƽϢ
ʦͬʱɱ
Ҷ΢΢һڵѾľ
ʱ˿ھƷ֮еĻ˵Ļ֮£Ľζ
ܾˡҶĻӵǰص
ĴҲ޵ĸ֣ҶƾһȻܽȺ𵴵ɥʧս޲һڿˮ
ڸ֣治ڸ֣
޷ܹʶھֶΣ޺Ļ΢Цɴݲȵص
û뵽أȻʰо֡
һĴ̶ХЦ֮ˣһ䵭ĲɫƶȻƮ˹ƶ֮㻬ѬѬԡ
ãŷϵļһָſŶƵϽʮɽİİٶΣȻЩĶҹᣡ
ź֮ƺϸСߣѪĳ·裬Եüȶֹ죬ͷƤ顣
һֱͳϽ䵽иõأ
ǲǼ˱˶ѣǻ֮޷ҶɫƽȻֻζӡ֮£͵һ֮£˶ʱ͵Բġ
շĶһȣ
𣡡Ҹ͵ưϯأʮͬʱƶ˱һ㣬𵴵ĶĤ˵ؿʼ
еĶǵ΢ʶƥҶھڿз˵һһ㻩һء


162 ƶ
Ҷһŭ𣬷Բ֮ڵĶһ⾡Уŵ湥Щ֮ģҲҶһУ˰׶Ƥˡ
ŨҵȳϢһ㣬˲һɨա
ŲɫƳ֮УһŵɫĹⲨһҡҡλεء
ҶһָһãһޱȭⲪȻŵɫŶʱǿȭ˿С
Ҷ֮дһޱߵ֮ȭٴβȻ
ͬʱлһͷξ޴Ľڣһ˫͵۾ҶܲĿ֮Уȳˮ֨֨ش̶ֽһȳ˱߲ʰ쵵ĶƣΧһһض䣬ţҶ͵˹
Ҷʶһǰʥڵɣ
ǻģҶҲܣֻЦһ漴ָ׶һָ缲
һɾ޴ľȭ⣬ֱֱسͷײ˹ȥ
ͷڷ·һ㣬ʱȫĴҳҴһ֮£ӿص׹Ŀ߲֮ʵĶˡ
һĶ䱻ȭһ壬ʱһı׷
ЩޱȵĶ֮ȻҲҶһȭ⣬һ¾ͳ׷˽еıʶ
ҶſźҪܣָʯ֮䣬Ҷ˼£ȭ
ĺƴţ·ܵһεĴǣ֮£شӿƮҶָһץ֮С
͵ϮǵŮΪʵ̫ߣҲֻʦоңڱҶƵΪĹƳ֮ʲôֶζûˡ
ڿŭˣΪȫǶҾκβôֱɾҩĴģҶصָɡ
ڣҶ֮еĺƺȻһؼ
֮л֮£ʮµԱ˳
Ҷüͷһ壬Ȼ̧һߣʯϷ˿ԵʮϸСʯ֮Уָһʮöʯƿա
ӭʮӣ⧲֮£ʱѨ
ĹƶӦ֮£ЩʯڿѸ磬ҲʯӴѨڵء
Щ֮иֲֻ࣬һ֣ȻҶһǷʯס
ȴöƳĸ֡
ߣҶ˷һ̤Ӱٿ䣬˲Ϣͳʮƶֵм䡣
Ҷâ֣ҹĵ𣬿صغ߳һԡ
𣡡һȻըɢ˿ʮƶһ£ͬʱƵѪ˿
Ҳֻʦ磬춼ûͻƣγܵסڵ
⼸óƶҡһ£߶ûһȫҶ˹ȥЩõĹƳ棬յҶһصƺߣȴûιȥȫˡ
Χ측ĳһ֮󣬻һ¾ȫ׾˿һĹƳ档
ͬʱԶ֮УµŮһµŮӣֵؿ״ħҶ
ǰɣܲġҶһ
ŮƺԪٻŮ˹
Ҷָᵯһ£֮ԪŮڡ
ŮԪ֮Ȼ۾ǰҶɫɷףԼһеɱоȻǰǰȻ˵Ĵֽһ㲻һʱɵۡ
û뵽ҶȻ˵һ֮ǼеĹƳ棡
ҶŻĻӣʵ׼δǣ
ҶżĻֹ̧Ҷ漴Ц
Ůһ𣬾ʵ֪˭
ĻӵЦ벻һĴɽ˾ȻҲ˳Ӫ֮С
޺޵ɫŭǰЩ̰ĴȣĻӣûɱңһǻԣ
ĻӿЦҡҡͷһȥʥŮǿ˳ԸǺú̸̸
ãȥǣĬȻƬ̣ҧֻɱôˣΪһŹ㣡
ĻתͷЩΪѵؿҶҶ֣㿴⡭
ҶȻҲ赣ģֻǱιȥѣûҵԽ䣬ǹ˼ʱָܻ
˵꣬ǰ̤һԣֱ̧ȭӡзһԣ壡
ڳüëȫëһըͬʱеһ£ȫµѪ̲סҪڵĸоɵڵϵĹƶһ۾
ҡҡλεվеȫһֻۿǿ֮иɺԵѪɹϣԵΪ
һԵĺ۾Ҫ͹˳ŵؿҶ
˿̿ҶɫѾһ˿ηŻ֮ɫҪ֪αȽ˰ٱҲֹҶȻ䣬־ֱǺͷûʲôˡ
ѾˡǣǻߣԱһվ˳ȵ
Զԣֻܻվһ˳ȥ
ڸˡ治ڸˣԱɫηؿɫƽҶ
ĻӵӪڼϢֶߣ˳ȥһ˵֮߿Ĵʱܣǰ׷Ļӵ˿ʼ
˶ĻӾӡ


163 ƴ
Ҷλʵʵڸһ㣬ЧǺ䶯ġ
еʱ֮ʲô¸ﶼҪǿöˣһʱԭֳ֧Щ͢Ϊ֮£׷׵ת˷ʼ֧Ļˡ
ټϼҶԽܹĵĿʼԳд֮£ڳϵһʱ䱻ѹ˼㡣
׵ȴ޿κΣȻϽѾˣôΨһİ취ֻǿжȡˡ
ʼ췴ˡ

ƣԶһ޼ⰻȻĴԭӺһ鴿ıʯҫ۶Ŀ
Ҷ̤貨һ·Ծתۼ˾Ӻĵϡ
ھ֮ʩչֲʱĽµԷγһƬ۰״г˫ˮƽһ㴩ȥ
Ȼڿڿշ軹һЩǿҶѾڿתˡ
ĺСѾɼˡ
𡭡ҶоذͷһХԶԶش˳ȥ
һȦһȦ۶ɢڿͬһ㲻ͣزţԶݶȥˡ
ʱ˿̵ĵϣҲѸٴһԽĳХΪԽȴзǣ঳һ㡣
ҶаϲɴһХɢ೤ȻҲѾ쾳ˣ̾ͷХһ̤ˮƽһ㣬ĵλ÷ɱȥ
ĵһƬ͵ɳϣɴذɳ棬Цؿ̤ˮҶ
һ²ɴʱȫļô羧Өƺתŵһ㣬һ˫ԭɱ֮鶯˫ľ⣬һĸоƺڻһ㡣
Ҷοصɴͻؾˡ
šɴȻһЦһ˹ǰСŮһ㱧סصһڣлл㣬Ҷ
ѾǷ޵ˣαˡҶԼգЦ
ɴĻֻĸ첲ЦӯӯصأΪҲСɣ
ҶһЦֻ΢һֱϺȻһһ㾧Ө⣬·ɫӨɳһһ㣬ɴɫȣȻڣ
ҲֻǸո𲽶ѡҶЦЦĵһѸٱ任ٴλһӨӨĶ̽Ρ
˦Ьӣɳ棬ŴĮգӭ磬һӭȥɾ¡
Ҷɴ޳ϣɴķشɢ˿Ȼȡһᣬʼţָһ٣Եøɾ࣬ḧա
һѵõ˵ɡɴңŴĮµһֺգḧͷҶӣ૵صסһһжð
ǰٿϼĶͷţһլԺŮһӻҪʲôأҶתḧСʵʱ룬һҲ
ɴ΢죬ݺҶһѣ漴ӳлع̾ϢʵҪôˣҲò˶ֻܶෳˣ̫ζ˵ˣҲŹˣ˵ǲǣ
Ҷɫ۾ô˵Ҳеģʵ˵˵λʱżһЩҲûʲôƽҲ̣Ҫѳֻƽ̾ͶȻˣʵҲ޷ˣѾڣҲ֮Ѿ˵λȨҪ˾ˣʱضϢһ£ûҪԼôš
šɴ΢΢ͷҶ˫عסĲصȥ
ɴҵطӳţȫ翪˵ˮһͬһ㣬ô˶һ
˶Ѿ˼ߵľ磬Ѿû˿ҲѾ©ľ磬˫޵ʱȻ޷ϣȴѾѾ޷ϵʱ֮£κιͨףܹ͸Ԫ˫޵ʱˮཻС
һЪ֮ɴɵߣĸ첲§סҶĲӡ
ɴͷ׵ϴŵκ죬·ͷոһ˫ޣ̵ᵽھ͹ؼˣͻȴǲѡ
ɴҺȻһؼҶ˼Ƭ̣ȶ
ɴؿʵʲô
ߵʦһͨеḶ́۷ʦͨϹͨأɾ֮ȴƣɢҲ۳һ̵ٴƣӿơ
ҶӨڣ漴غһ˷ƴ֪Ҫ£ܹ˵ͨؾһĳĵˡ
ɴһЦͷһ£޷㣬Զʲô˵ġ
ţͻʥֻ֮ϽͨӦͻˡҶƲʣɴʵںܲϲֱĸо
Ҷʵ֮йھߵĵӶԣȴʮֵĿˣûеЩ̵ĵ伮ֻҪͻƾҲءɴظĳҲ뵣ģĲǣž޽Ҳһܹķˮ𣬽ʱٽҽӻˣ˵ʵڣҲˡ
ɴȻȴҶѧʶ㲩ҶܹӾʷ伮֮ȴֻܴҶڲܹ
ҶʱչһЦ漴Ҳãء


164 
һɫӰȶɳ̲ϣ˻绯ʯһΡȻϵȴǹ渡
߲˵ˣҲһλڣһֲв㾳ڸ֡
ϤҶ̾ϳˡ
ľȻѣͷǧ񶷵к
֣δˣҶɴ֣ʾõģʵ
˵ҶڴϢ֮ҵһʱһ·ˡûлͷֻǵص
һҶǳۺ죬Ҷڲƭһѣˮʱ͵Ǳľ
һ˫޳ķо䣬һһٵصҶȻ㣡
˵һǰ̤һɺƱ˳Ҷ΢΢
ôδ㻹⸱Уѹ֣궼ûʲôҶֻǵһЦ΢֮ͦ£˶Ȼɽһ㡣
оâ䣬ཻһɹȵڿвͣؼѹѡ
֮ϸ΢ıһɹɷɳεľ
еľâʢԼԼ䣬гˮӿ
ؼĿһʱ΢΢ָ΢ã˵͵͵Х·ΧѾ˾κ˵ŭһ㡣
е͵͵ҶĶ嫺һ㣬һĻҪ˸ȥһ㡣
Ҷ΢΢һʧ漴ƽ
ոʧһɲǣûֵĻҶ϶мܲסģǺȴǲô
Ҫ׽Ҷܣĵ书ͷβء
췢ɱתޣطɱ½˷ɱ췭ظ
Ҷһһٵص
ǺƴޱߣһڵĿʫˣʹƣ¿裡
һ֮Ҷָȭһá
˵ʺȻ䣬üһɸҺ嫵ȭⲪȻ
ǵصȭ⺭ķΧĿռ֮ƺһַǰף
У·ΧƾɫʧѾȾ˺ڰ׶ɫתݣߵת
һɲǼ䣬ȻԼƺתš
Χϵ嫺֮ɵȭ֮£ֽһ㣬ͱһɨա
Ҷ̧һ£Χ⾳ɢˣơ
ŲŲһ£ɫٿȻ΢䣬صȻͻڣ
㣬ȴһֱûнҶֶ΢΢Ц
ٷϻҾͺ㵱ľˣϻ漴ŭ߳һ̧һȭ˹
һƵƿպתۼȼɫ棬޴ӿȣȻ֮оȻһͷ˶ޱȵ
һȭӵ¿еѾγһͷƥ֮Σ롣
ֻζѡҶЩʧҡҡͷ
ȭ֮Ѿ֮ΣȴʼնǷȱϹصƣɼ˵ؽխ
³˵ľʹóϳ˵
ıڤȭ־ˣϧ⾳ϻûҶҲЦ
һһ٣ͷ϶Ȼһִƹ⡣
Ҷ̧һȭӡҲһȭңң
ɫӿ֮£ػһţħ
ţħ񣬻Ʒ·ɽľƺһ͵ײ˹ȥ
ţһͷİ׽ɫħ˳ƥĻץǰ˺
ҿһͷڤܷ񶷵ùħ񣡡ҶʱЦ
˲û˽ⲫʮɿ⣬ƾභ
һͷɫ۶ɵħ񶷳һţ˴ƬƬɳ
裡ҶţħȻ޴һҡ֮£˶Դһͷײ˹
飡֮һײ֮£ʱɢ˿
ţ׻ħȥ˫צ֮£תۼͽͷ˺˿
Ʊᣬƣʱ߳ŭŭ߳һλһӰȭŭ˹
Ȼƿ˵ûЧôҾٶƵˣ
Ҷ̧ⷭƱյַһʱסһȭһ֮£ȫĹ꿦졣
ԭ䣬ӰӰ·ɣ񶷳һţ쳣ǿҿ͵ľصĳɳͲƤһݺĹ֣ԵƼľˡ
˶ھ磬Ҳÿֲ⵹ΪԸñΪʲôıԵֵ˿ġ
Ҫǣʲôı񶷣ԶԶȲ˿ֱ仯ˡ
˫ཻʱֵʱץץֹоȻЦһ벻ѧȻ˵ĲӣҶҲòһ䣬ѧ֮רһĺãȻĻĳɾҲֹڴ˾ˡ
𣬾ȻֵָôҶطЦǰ;ѧʶڿѧʶû˿Ľ书书򲻿ɻΪһ̸ͨäϹΪһ⵽ⱲӶͻʥҲ̸Щˣֻʹһܶѣ
ʱѾó죬ݺݵؿҶ·һͷһ㣬ζû뵽ǸողʦûõʦھȻҲѾھˣ书ƺҲԽһ㡣
ζܳܵġ
ĵĸ߰ȴмҶ̡
ҶѾ֪ˣⱲӶҪˡ
ɽ׸ıƣĵִѾħҪɾʥ֮ȾҪִ
խԸ쳣ִţҪȴֺ֮ѣ
ţȻʽ仯һץݺݿסҶۼͷָһֱת֮£ָҵŤ
һбŤʵˣҶֱ۾ͻᱻ˺


165 ħʥ
ָ֮£ٿȻҶͷļ֮С
ҶʱȴǵһЦϵĽⶸȻҲٿȻһŵɫĻ档
ʮ徢ȻȻһɱ徢Ȼһץˣ
ָ΢΢һ飬ɫʱ΢䣬ҶȻƾĽⵯͰƵľˣȻѷɫƾ
µľȻô͸ô
޷ݴʱе𾪡
ߣҶ֮£ƶȻĥתػһƱ
ƻһɲǣҽȴ͵һ棬ž죬ڽھ˲ͻ۴ݵϣ˾ҿ¡
һƱ޿ɱˣҲֻӲˡ
飡һɿ쭵֮䱬˿һʮķ籩һ㣬˴ĳɳˡ
һ£ʱƺһҶƥһƻ֮£ؿھ鷢ʯʯͷһ㣬һƾ͵˳ȥ
ɳػʮԶڵػһˡ
ãȻ۵һ³һѪŵɫ
ôܣôܣô㣡
૵صʲټ׳ҩѴѵĵһ㣬֮սǺҶƽѾǳԽĵˣȴذҶУ
ܹܣ
Ҷֳ󸻹ˣѾ˲ͬ
ҶĻ˵һֱڳϱԼ츳Ǳѣû֪ʶ̫ĹֻձƵذ书ؼϼصѡ
û֮ϳ˵书ؼɳְֵؽ̵ⱲӶҪ۷徳磬˵ʥˡҶչǱԶԶʤ
ټԼѾǣȫѾ͸Ż䡣
ϾҪջ֪ʶͨˣľͻƾͲˡ
ѾվˣԵڵϣһ˫۾Ҷ
㲻ɱôѵزһ´ߵѪ
Ҷֿ̧һԼƣ漴صΪʲôҪɱ㣿֮ûзɵĳޣԼСĸһ
Ҷţ֮ڣĸ˳𣡡𻺻̧Ĩȥ˴ǵѪؿؿڵ
ꣿǺǣҪʮڿ²Уҿûôʱ䡣ҶȻҪܹͻƣͲܸˡ
϶ȻһĨ֮ɫҧĿֱ죬ŭҶ
ɣٵҲɱҡҶЦضſǲΣ
ŭʲôģ
ܸͻʥĹؼķڷ͵ʵʵһʱ䡣Ҷ
áٿȻ˵
Ҳµòȫ书ԴԱڤȭǲǣҶ̧ڵϹһͷ˶ޱȵչͼʵ
ɫٿ䣬㿴ˣûʱ书ˡ
ոڽֵʱҾѾоˡҶ̧΢Ȼһƣûıڤȭȷ⾳ܴȭҲʮֵĶѾʮʮĻˣ̬һģ֮ΣȷǷǳĶ
ɫ˵ò
ҶЦһ漴ʵôһ䣬㾿ˣһͷ
׻һ㣬һʱԭء
ˣҾˣһͷ
΢΢۾ͣػζ仰һʱ侹ȻԶˡ
¼ѧһΪִڴˣ衢գΨͳƲʥʥʥʹѾʥˡ
ʷħߣܵʥͣҶ赭дʶ֮ը˿
ɫãȻգþò
ܵʦųĽ̵ڣѭǸ滮·ôȥİǵĹ滮ȥȴʧȥңһ£Լ⵽ʲôڣ
ʮҾЩʲô૵ص
ҶĻඥ˹
ôҶʵ
ãȻ̾һҶһϯʤʮ飬ܽˣԸжԼ
𻺻վҶ֣صһ
ĸԱҲȥͷģǽȴҶͷ
ҶٺٵЦ
䡣̧ͷɫƽصԸ⹩Ҷһʱ䡣
˾ͺãҶԼĴȡһѪǵݸôҲŵĸ֣ڶڵϣ߲ģھȥĵشҲգҲգĻӵ£һֱҷΪֹ³֮ұ͸ͻʥĹؼڡ
ãȥҶֶౣء۾ҲûоܾҶѪǵֻǽӹȥתˡ
ҶΣþò
һɴ˹ʵҶ𡭡𣿡
ŲţҲֻܿˡҶüģ̾Ϣ˵ʵڵģҪĴɱӵ£ֻҲסģ˵ͻڵΪһǲͣ
ɴḧҶϵĵȴôء
޷ҶЦЦӵд컯ˣҲдģֻҪ˽ûˡ
ɴص˵ͷҲ÷صȥɡ뿪Ѿ̫ˣֻƽǻܲõġ
šҶ΢΢һͷûȥˣϸһеĵ伮ǿͻʥˡ


166 
ɳĮ֮а浽˵֮ҶɴѾص֮С
ص֮Ҷɴû¶
֮һ·ϵ·ĵɫŹֵؿǣҶоǵ񣬷·ڻڿһһ㡣
ɽһ·˴ǰĹ㳡֮кƽµļλվţɫݵصҶ
֪ôԱߵԳص
Ҷ۾תͷȥصԳϣ֪˴ʱǳһЩβþӦƽ̵Ļ˵ɣ
Աߵ賤ϺȻߵǻȥƽô
ʲô˼
£ԱߵԳϺȻվ˳ȵ
Ա߶Ȼ˼죬˹
Ҷһ˫һһ֣϶ȻӿһӴĻΧ˾ƿȻһӿ棡
ࣣʮȻҶһȭһش˿
ΧĳϼҶȻ˵ƣɫ䡣
ԱߵԳѪ죬Ϊ۷ľ磬͸ǰô
˵꣬Աߵ賤ͬʱʩһɫ͵س˹
λϳٶȲ죬ȴһų׵ĻȼţҶץ˹
Ϊֻ۷Ϊ𣿡Ҷ䣬΢΢һӿתۼ˹ϸǽһƬտɫףһɫ߸ͣ
漴̧һץһаӿ֮ɣԳϺ賤˵Ĺն棬ͬʱŻǣȴ˿ͻư֣ͭǽһ㡣
ԳϺ賤ֻ쾳۷ѣûвڵľ磬֮Ҳֻƽ̲ڵΪ硣
ھ磡㾹Ȼͻھ磡ڳеĳ޲ɫ䣬ʱʼ۷׷
λס֣֮кطһӰʮɫĵȻɳִһӾͽλͬʱסˡ
ƽ̻˹
ԳϺ賤ϵɫһʱѿ˼㡣
Ӱݼƽ̡Ҷתƽ̹һ
ƽ̵ɫͣƬ̵ҶʱȥΪȥôã
Ҷ¾ͽԼ빬漴˵Լ˴ƽֻ̣ڼȥؽûȥûиƽ̡
㣬⼸ӵȥ֪
ҶӲ֪
˵һǰյҼҺѶԳϺһ˫۾ָ϶ɱҼȻ˵ɱģ֤
λϡҶ۾ƳǶˣҶڸ֣һԾŶ˵ûɱûɱҪʲô֤ôʵǵ涼ûм˵ȥʲôϵô
λϻһֻۣһ˫۾ѪصҶ
ҲաҶε̾ϢһֵҶڴģҶɱˣҴӴ˵оɥҷ𣡡
Թݹ񶾣λеɱɢȥˣĬĬȥ޵߱УµһӦ֣ҶѾģǾ˵¸ûκιϵˡ
ɱģôƾԾ㹻ˡ
֮УʵĴСֱӾȡڵλĸߵͣһλھĸ֣Ӧܹƽƽƽˡ
λ쾳ĳϾٴŭҲֻӲȥˣ˵ˣҶѾͻھ磬ʹѾӵһЩȨ˵òػֻСһ׮ˣ㲻ʲô
ƽһոսŵһ亹漴Ҷ˵ˣҶڼѾھ磬ҲӦ񣬶λԹ϶ϾҲĳԽˡ
ƽ̺ͳϱϾ쵼ߣûȨѹ㣬ҲҪάȨģҪȻͲùƵˡ
ǣ֪ˡҶ˳һֻǶλԵ޹ʾҪ£δ̫ˡ
ҶѾڵΪˣȻλѾˣеĹѾ
ϾΪ˴ҪأȻĻͺ˶У˳׹ˡ
ʵΪжٵʵжٵĴҶȻѾͻƿδͿȥˡƽҲںжϻ̳Ͽֻ֣ҪϱϷӾˣ¾ص˵ͷ漴ҶѾھ磬Ȼˣɲؾڵĵ伮⣬Ͻͨй涨ɵʳڣõʹϿɣϽУͻʥ磬ϽֱӻõõķչУҲиУ𣿡
ҶаϲҪ֪ɲؾĵĲصĶнƷؼԼǴ洦Լ֮ȫԽĵٽ̸ɴ
æͷףֻǵ̫࣬Ҫ˽һЩȻپУƽ½⡣
ףҶĴң³ʮֵĲݡƽɫһ漴ͷ˽Ҳа޷Ͻ֮й涨;˽ˣҺܿ㣬ɴ㣬Ȼ쾳磬ؾڵĵ伮׶ȿԼ롣
Ҷɫһƽ̣³˲ݣͼıȨλǲӦá
ƽüͷһ壬ҡҡͷҶ㲻Ҫ˼룬ŵλȻǲܹ뵽Ȩ֮еģ֪˼϶£˲ٵɰǴ·ͬСɣɵѾٹ̣ЩҪǣǶõģǲУôҲĿŵУƱػ޵еһƽ٣ף
ǣˡҶɫ΢̾Ϣһ


167 ɵ
ƽ̵ºͣȴһɲɵľ
ҶвЩ
вӿһɷԹ
ɵɣ׻ɵɣ˲Ҳ顣ǿֱһǴ
ڱ̫ǿеĻʳվûа취һһ
ƽҶѿɫתͷԱĬɴ漴ʵɴڼѾҶɶ£ôʲôأ
ƽ̵ЩѰζ̽
ɴǰƽصƽ̵ĻҲгһƾɹذžǣӲԽŹ棬ֻǵΪ£ӲӲ
򸾵״֮ˡƽ̼˹оزʣص˵ͷҶȥɣɴ
ҶЩ죬ȥ
ʵ˵ѾܸˣѾƽƽƽֻҪϸƽӾͿˣȻ漴Ҷһɳơ
ƽ̶صɴҸոջؾҶҪǷеƽ
ƽƽ̵Ѵɴ嵭صҶ˴εô೤ϣƽˣֻ¼λҲӦ
ɴʵϲֹˣҲǹôؾƽ̾Ϣһд컯ĵҲдҶҶϼ屳ǹˣҶǱˣʹ;忣ڶһսҶ֣óΪжһͻܵǣòײͻؾ磬ܹðգ
Щѹ֮£Ҷ츳ٺҲͻơɴȻܹͻľ磬ǰҶͣ㻹Ҳûʲô֮ŵģ಻ܶ
ɴҲҪ˷ֱֻǵˡò׳ɫ˲ţȴҪ̯ôһ׮մ£治֪Ǹǻƽ̿Цһˣ˵ʲôҲֻСˡ
ɴĬȻƬ֮󣬵Ӵδô
ãȥɡƽĬȻƬ̣ص쾳绹ȶ۷֮֮󣬲ſɳء
ɴ˵ͷڵĸոͻ쾳磬սʦ۷ûʲôҪȹ̾ʱ
ƽ̵׻ǰϧ˲ŵģò׳츳ڵĵӣΪʱȻͶδ֪ĸ֮С
ҶҲˣӱܲ׮ϾҲǹٻҳԼ̡ɴϾδ׹ٳ
Щδ֪ĸõİ취Ǳܿ䲻ҪմЩźá

Ժϣ½Ժ
ҶŸ첲һŻɵĴʯϣɴ壬طϡ
ҶȻʵƽ˵ʲôûУ
ɴֱ£һ㷢ľ
ƽ̵ĵҲܸ߰ʲô鶼ô͸Ҷüģ˿̫үүҶһ˵ΪѾˡ
ţƽΪδͻʥ
ҲвɣҶŷҡҡͷ˵ʵƽܹأȴѾʧȥ˽ȡˣҲͻƲʥĹؼڰɡ
أ׼ô죿ɴ֧üͷ
жһ°ɣһ²ؾĲĵ伮ȥ˽Ҷʱܹһʵһʵ
šɴḧһӵ۷徳֮ȥ㡣
ɴҶ
ɴҡҡͷõʲô㾡ȥǰȥһΪغüŵģҪΪ룬;ؽһ
Ҷס֫һΪٰһʢĻ񡣡
Ҷң㻹ȶôɴȻʵ
ҶٿȻһɫһࡣ
Ҷ֪㵱Ǳݺ³Ҳϣıͷϡɴ£һͷص
Ҷ˰ΣſЦ˵ǰڶһˣôȥأ
ǾͰǰɣֻҪһ̨һжɢˡ
ðɣһжġҶصص˵ͷ

һ£Ȼڵһ¡
ɴڲ伮ûҶٿȫڣ϶ѡʺԼеĵ伮ᣬʱӵķˡ
ͻ쾳֮ɴҲѾõ˼ɱ䣬ȻϰҶĽҲʱԼ뷨ۣҲԼ޵ѧʶִһζĿˡ
ҲչԼĵԼ˼;ֻۣܹĳɾʥ
ҶٻңԳ͢ṹɽ𢣬ٵȵȶ֪е̣еǴӡ֤ġ
ֲô򵥵ĳϾͿˣһҪӵǿƶֶľ磬ȴһҪȥձƣֻһҪҵԼĵ
ɴȴޣҶȫܹͬպ«ưҪ߳Լ·иӾ޴ĳɾͺǱ
ҲҶƶ·ߣϧҶվǹٳˣֳֻȻάҶˡ
ǧͨԪżɼԴ
ƽ漴ںɽĸѡһ羰ĵطһԺУڵӵӰ죬Ҳκ
Ժ˾Ҳ͵͵ˣֱֻԧ첻ɵÿ̸˵ƣĽ߶ʼҲûá
ĴԺĵһ˵Ժִ¾Ȼͻھ磬һʱʱ˵ĻǷԺĵǣλĴԺû˵۸ˡ


168 
ƽ̣ΪβмУ
ҶͻʥĹؼѾյټҲ壬˼ѧι֮˽˼նħܳʥ
Ӻʱܹ
ʱɾʥʱ
Ҷڶһ֮󣬾ٴαƽ̸ɽ
һƥڹŵţƺȻƽ̵Ļüģĵ̾˿ͷϵơ
ոͻûõĹҶֿʼĥͻʥˡ
ʥôͻƵģܶھĸֶͣһؿϣһֱûͻơ
ھҪϣʥĸ֣ȫҪ׶
Ȼһ΢΢ķ˿һɫӰһ㴣Լǰͷңһ˫Ұް۾ע
Ҷɫˡ
ǿϢǰܹϢǰ˵Ϊ֮ߣԶԶ֮ϡ
ֻǰһս̾͸оԼĿռƺѾӵƿ֮ˡ
Ҷӵ
ǳ𣿡ҶЦһ
⻹³׳һڣǻܶ鷳
ۺһĨ˷ܣǣҲԭһֱڹУ˵λ½ʥ֮̾ͷһиϹˡԭǸͺһӡҶ֮оͿˣҲһӡ
ұȺһһ
ۺûж˵ϻһԾһͷڿշ˫һһͬʱĻ˹
ƴľȴǿû˿ķ𣬵ӭһɳĸоѹͷϡ
飡Ҷ˫ƽ̧̧Ӳһ
һ֮£һҵؿ±ӿ˳ȥΧϵĲƤͻѩη졣
Ҷ˸оͭӿһ㣬ȫĹ˿꿦ļѹѪұӿֹ
һӲӶ£ǻͨ˵ĻֻȫĹҪ˿ѪǿֻǳǺǣת֮£˿˿ƵǳԴԴϵڣǿתѸ޸ڵ˻֮
Ҹոһ֮ƣ˫꣬Ѿݺݵж˴ʣѾҲ˺ˡ
ĸֵֽʱʵһ־ǧеĴ򣬶ھĸֶԣǵƶѾﵽ˶ľ磬ѾҪڵʽԻˣƾľʵʵ⹦ƴѣ֮оͼʤ
ǳҪļȡǸʺ׳ѪǣԼָ
ʹ죡ʹ찡عЦһ״ħһ㣺ܹһѾǺеĸˣѵôͲؾ磡
ҶѾԵؿڣŬϢ˼ڴ֮һǿǿҲˡ
۾ЦϧˣҲֻǽһƶѣٲһƣֻˡ
ʱ˿̣ҶŻоһɹůڵؿǻˣصĻֻѪľӦˡ
֮ҾͲӮ㣿ۺЦȻ̧һңңƻԶһ޴ʯѾӦֶ顣
ҶǿѾױ촷۵ʯ̾Ϣһƾһ֣¼ѾĶˣղɾã᲻أһȴǹʧ֮ƫˣǰڵ۷壬ʼնʥ
Ҷ֪ºӵʵʵԶԼ֮ϣѾ۷徳ΪͶ̺֮˽ʵڲһѪֵܹ֮˵ġ
Ҷľתϻʮ鶯ת˲־أȴܡ
ۺӵѾħȫû˿ƽ͵ζȫƾһϲöû˿޵ߵƽ͡
Ȼӵ۷ΪԲԶԶȲҶˡ
Ѫǹգѹ˾ᣬʧľ飬޼ɵɾ͸ɣû˿Ŀǡ

ǵƾǿĹҲеˡ
ʥٽҵкȻһĨâ
ǿȴȻģǻġҶƵصеļء
һС㾾סЦޣС䲻󣬿ȷʵСҲʥѵܳʥ
֪صĵȴҲ֪ǳţ𲽵ӡ֤Ҳһ죬Ҿߵ־ءҶûзֻ赭дص
ٹЦŶ䲻󣬿Ȼ˴󣿲·ͷ
һ˵ؽж󣬳ɾ;лǿҶȻ츳ڣʥ֮飬޿ʮѾ쾳ĸ֣ǰ㵱䣬Ϊô
һУȻΣĬȻûУСӣ츳ҸߣҲ˲ٵǡٺҪͻʥʥôͻƵġ
ڸ֣˶־ǻڣҶֶЦѣɱףҵĶ־ҵ⣬ȴѱȵ죡
Ц书Σ
书Ҿȥʥ飬ҵͷһһ˫ֿдʥģҵ۾ҵĶ䣬ҵ˫ȣһһŲӵĺһǻǷϵĶ־Ҷɫƽ赭дص
΢΢˼壬ɫȻоȻһĸоӿһ˵ʲôʼɵζ
ãã˵úã˵ԣšһĨȵɫ˵ͷȻˣ£һᾡָ㣬֮ȥ㣬ûͻʥҾɱ㣡
ǰǶԼ֮󣬴ͻʥԻѰ㡣


169 
ɽ֮еһĵɽ֮УȻﻨ㡣
Ҷéݿڴתϵ֧ܣϸµ˿һֻСޣɫƣ͹ֻСɢһĹ㣬кķ塣
ԴӺͲٱ֮ҶɽסӲٱڶӡ
ϲܵҲҶ۽磬ÿֻһζȭѣЩˣҲܵ㻹ʯͷɵ˯ȭüˣִϼͷ¹ȸֱѾѪ⣬Աˣ
۷徳磬ԶʤԭڱһʱëѪѪճԲ
ڶӵҶǡǡ෴һĵɽдһéݣÿղ׽֮СƣԸɽ߹ԵΪϸ塣
ֻǲÿֻҪһˣ̾Ǻһͨ춯صĶսֱذ޹⡣
ʱҶԽ֮Ͼٵ书Ѿﵽڵ۷徳磬Ͷ̺֮޷Ҷ֧һС
ھ磬һ֮Ҷмв۷ˡ
ʱ֮£ҶǺǳǱѹ֮£ӳǱЧˣҶÿ֮ȬĶܿ죬ڵָҲܿ죬ҶҲܹͲٽӲ¶ٶˡ
ַľͷҶѾ߻ħˣѹƷѾħȫûаԣȫ
ҶѾоˣѾĩ·
ڲؾĲ֮УҶнƷ书࣬µıʼǵǲ٣Ķ࣬ЩµıʼǣҶмиоǵǿ󣬶Ʋ㣬˸оΣֲ
ռ۰Ҷ૵صز˲
Ա߷ٿȻһѸƥӰ䵽ߣһץ֮£ոտõѾٵС
ھͽֻС˺˴룬ƤͷˣٺЦʶ壬͸壬벻㾹˲ѧţⶼ˾ϸ
ǣҶҵжֻҪʦǲŸ߰˶ѧ峵ҶȻʳᾫ᲻ϸʵ֮ҲǷǳҪһ֮
ȴǲÿɷڷɵҪıѾǲܵˡ
Ĳѧͼ壬Ӧ볯òȡѰɣһھƣؿۿһۣﺬ̵ص
ҲΪĿģϧҶƮҡҡͷ
ϧʲô˵۾һ漴׷ʵ
ѾɽҰб̫öδ˽̸һҶȻ̲סͿʡ
Ҷ֪˵ĺģƽԼҪѪˣ漴ЦЦ漴ͽԼͶ֮ĳԹԼΰϳŵһ˳
ǸʱҺȻʶԼĴټеһǻԹޣҾͿʼ䡣Ҷ˻֮Уصҵ书ҺȻоԼǰʥ͵伮еĵȻܹӡ֤ѧеĵ֣ʱȴ˳ޡʼĵ书֪֮䣬͹ҵ书ҲѾͻ쾳磬ڣƾȱµıʼǣҲݳ˲ʥķҲŸ˷ԡ
ɫ£΢΢˵ͷҶĲѧţͲ˺ܶˣƾһǻ߸;ļ飬ֲİټҵ伮ԼΪʼն޷ʥ֮Ҳ޷ݳʥĹؼһֱãͷûͷĲӬһ㡣
ѹ֣૵صվҶǣ꣬ȥ㡣
˵꣬ػһӰתۼͻһɫС㣬Ӱˡ
꣬ʱģʱҴҶվתҲ󲽳ɽȥˡ

ɽ¾ǰǣ˳ǲ󣬵ΪǽͨҪΪʢֵΪ֡
ֱ߾ͷһСƬĿյУһʮĺϴһѾɫۣ˸̯۾ɹ̫Χ߰˸Ƥģĺӡ
˲ˣƤƤĺӣС֮кպ
һȻųʮֵĸ߳ƢǶӣ̱ÿ˶ĵʱԼŰȥȻٽһٻɱֿС
ЩΪ֮ܵǣ˲ϲӹţһЩƦһ
һװӻ˹һ֮ԭۺͬ˼Ѫһ㾫Ա߼ƤҲ
ӵܣүˣָҶЦĳŪ֮¡
ԱһƤЦʱ¶˳ŪɫϷʵóͷԵӵܳܡ
Цŭ֮УͷԵȴֻЦЦĳһ󶧵ѩϣһԵ壡
ԱһƬˣ˶۾һ㣬ض⶧ѩ
֮ǰģסÿ£壬ÿһ־һֱ֮˹Ŀ࿴˼ȲҹάǲҲ̶õգÿ嶼ᱻŰȥ
ڼҲаҪ⣬Χү̧־ͽһʯĩĹȴԱߵС˼
٣˵ֵܣǲûضˣҪûض㣬Ժ¥һߣҲ̲ס̵ص
գǰ׳ա국һЦһ̣壡
ãۻָܼءٺһЦĺڰպ֮ҡ


170 նɱħ
ֵһСƬ㳡УѾΧˣʱʱĳЦ
Ҷˣÿ׼ʱԼˣһ塣
黭һҶڼʱ򣬾ȻһЩ̫ͨҲֻƽƽѡ
ҵ඼㲻ϵļһôһרҵ֣֪ˡ
ͷЩƦ켣ҲһӺݶ飬˶ĵʱϲԼһһ˳׵ŰɱҪɱú䤱ʹŽˬҶ¨ӼֶսܵһͿŰȥ
ΧĺЦҶԼվͷϺˮһһ
ʱܱɱ仨ˮҶսٶҲܿ죬ǰɳŲ̾ͱɱ仨ˮ
ҲЩˣ˵ʵЩ巳ˣȰ˵˼ҶȴƫҪΧЩƤĳ£塣
ʱ˿̣ҶڵΪħ֮£ѾЩȶļˡ
ҶڹݵİȻ۳һ˶Ԫľ壬·ʯһ㣬沼ϸСǣԡ
ž֮ȴ̺ɫĹʣ龧ȴǸ룬ƺҲֲͣŤ任ļ
еͬʱ컯ȭеȭȴб仯ħʶ֮вͣƺײ쳣궯ѪѹħƺâҲЩ
컯ʥųʥʵҲֻ۷ΪˣԸײУһԲϣͶɱˣ֪ɱ˶޵ĸ֣Ϊѹסͷ֮еĸָİ㣬˭ҲƲסˡҶ¶һ˿ĵЦ
Ի̫̫ǡһ
Ȼ˹ֻԼ׹еħ֮նɱеִľ񳹵׽ϻȻһ壬ܻع磬Ȼһֻǡ
Ҷ۾Աٺץһ¡
һʤȯյı飬յзתţ¶һ˿Цˡ
һĺڰӲͣ£žžû̵˷ķ֮䣬ѾһŨŨɱ
ƴ۸ӣȮѾյľأҶһһεıʼŰɱԼļƵؼ
ҪˣҪˡҶɫ죬ͷ϶亹£еӲͣתţȴٳ䣬ҲǺɬ
ʱ׷һֻС
ȻгԱѾִţִţħӴ
Ϊݵִʤܣľ֮ĸָ˳ŨصĸʹڵľҲһ㰵Ѫ콻֮
ȴеĶЩ֮һ˿˿ɫɱ֮
Ϊִţʤ֮ģΪʤ֮ģȴֲΪɱˡ
ҶΧ̶ĳкһɼ񶾵ͷҪǰһֱӮ̱Ū̵ļһΧƤǸһƺеȴסɺȻļҵɱ⡣
Ѿһеȴؿסˡ
أкȻһĵ˫һϬĳƲãա
֮һѾ˺ںͻĽնɱűþӨ͸
һɲǼ䣬ҶΪʤĵʧġʤġġġġƽġʤġĵȵȸ˲նɱ
һʱģ
оԼ꾫ɲ֮䣬Ѿþӯӯ˸˸һžӨͨ͸ʯһתţ͸һУ
ΪΪҲӨʶҲӨϣ˽С
˿˿ƵһѾھȫڣȻһ壬ϣ˽С
ԭˣǴͻʥؼƣҶжʱӿһϲ
߲ʦ۷壬Ѿ޵ľ磬ǲ֮ѵ˼ޡ
꾫ΪѪΪʢѪӻ̫࣬ͻᵼڴӶڵҶȻնɱĵ֮󣬹˴Ѫǣ֮£漴ܹ಻޵
ǳɾʥΪͻƵؼڣ
Ҷһʱִϲľ磬оԭͬˮŵԪȻͬѶĳһ㣬ʼûõģ·һֳԣͣ䶯š
˿˿羧ȫëɢ˳Щ·һСһ㣬ſ໴С죬ڵ߮ţʼͣء
ֵ֡ܡֵܣ⵽ôһ°ҶϻЩսսʵ
ˣĺãҶ͵طӣþڣعЦ̧һѾͷ̡
͵شеҿûֳʤأˣ
ˣˣɣ͵ˡҶЦѣ̧ȡһƱǰ
˵վչˣȫǽڷһžĴҶоԼ·Ѿͷһ㣬иһˬĸо
ҶЦһ֮λζһ£Ȼǰʧˡ


171 ʥ
Ҷɽ۷壬£һһ֮䣬ƺ֮ϡ
Ѿվһһҹ֮ˡ
ϼһƺ˵ϡ
Ҷһˮ಻֮ƣһƵɫȻ븹
նɱħ񴿾Ӥӣ־񱣳ִϲľ磬ȫ˿˿ƵӺëȻһ壬Ȼڽڿһǵľ壬ʯ㾧Ө͸ӲޱȡЩڿвͣؽ֮£ںϳһš
žžƿһ㣬ֻ֮ȻᾧȻ˿һƾ˼İˡ
覣ƸշǸգᣬȴһ಴еľƬ·ѩһ㣬Ѹٵڻ
ȫȻĽᾧһ䣬·һѿߴð㣬سһÿ硣
һȪԴˡ
ڵԭвศɵģȻศɣңϾȴǲֻܹдϲܹ޲
ոҶĹִԣڵħŴ˿Ȼһ˲նɱеħʹԼľ񴿾Ӥһ㡣
˳Ϊˣسɡ
⣬ǳɾʥĹؼ
ΣȻǧ仯Ҫѣ񾳽ħȴǼ
ĽϻΪһƬȻֶ漴Ϊ磬ƻֻǣͻһӿ֮಻
ҶһȻֻת֮䣬ΧĻѾȾһƬⰻȻﻨ㣬
ӴƥؾԪԴԴӿڡ
ĻȻԼγһƥտɫס
ħͷϵƹ֮УȴյѱŰԵֲ巽Ƕζ
ʱ֮£仯֮£һСѾɱһǧ˿ƵСһ㣬ʼͣ¾
أЩСǺצӣһ״ʼſڣڴؼ
Ҷų쳣Цˣ۾΢΢һЦ֮£·޵ؼ·𶼱ͬİ쳣
״ڱ仯һͷͷԾǿ裬ʱ˻죬˷
ǧĥڲһؾˣʥɽؼҵʱˡҶ΢΢۾ǰߵգ૵ƽ̣ҪĴҲøˡ

ţɽƷ֮⡣
һɫӰӴһңһѸ
ߺˣػɽŵĵӷӦбһѾסӰ
֮й涨ԵˣȻУҲɺˡ
֮飡ҶڵסԼòЦһһΣƥɫм¶һ£һɫѻһĻĵӶŰС
ƾЩػɽŵĵȭߣҵغ㻤֣֮£㻤ϵƸȥ
һػɽŵĵӴһԼĳһɽļƣ͵档
һ֮ȴһϡ֮һ㣬ùӴ֮һģһͷײ˻棬ûԵڵϡ
񡣡Ҷ漴һһһ˳ȥ
䵽˺б֮£ĵͳͳ˺һѵˡ
죡죡׷ʲôˣ˭˴ŵɽţ⴫һ߰˸Ϸظ˹
λڵظոտŵĵڣһۻϵǰ϶ʱ˳ȥ
λ϶ʱȻŭƺϵĵڣԺںһ˶뵰׹⡣
ֻ֮һɺ嫰ľ޴ͣӿŭ
ڴ֮󣬿гֵ࣬ɵۡ
ͥԺϿ֮Уһƹ⣬ƹ֮Умλ߸ϵڸ
ԭĿޱĻػ۾ͷȼܵػ棬һȡҡ͵Ϣɢ˳
λɫٿȻ䡣
ʱھˣλֻɵ˰ش⣬вϱĪ
ҶֻоλϾѾоһɳѹӭѹ˹
оڵܴǣ֮£Ȼʼش
ǡΪ׵Գȷӳ˹Ծؿ߮Ĺ
ߵͽȻһ˦βĶڿѾƯ˹ڼλϵǰһŤ仯֮£ѾҶģļλĿɿڴ
ͼλϾúˣ֪λϻʲô𣿡Ҷֶ˹ʵ
Ӽ͹˳һĭڰʵҶ٣ոաǡ
ǵģУѾǹؼһˡҶӰ˹ݵص
ʥȻʥ
ģ֮ϲ֮гһλʥ
λ۷׷ףſߵƹ⣬޲¶˾ȵɫ
ԳϺ賤ϵӼҪ͹˳ŵؿҶͷϵƹ⡣
Ͽ˿˿˵գգ۾Ȼ۽һЦعֵϲҶ٣̤ʥ֮
ԱߵļλҶ͵ļλҲζƿһ㣬˵ʲôζʱ˿̣ҲֻغϲҶ٣ϲϲ
ԳϺ賤ҲֻĲʵһ
Ҷ̧һӣλϲˣñĵӿӰʵڲãһͬǰѵô
λȴΨΨŵŵزڨڨֻɫȴЩá
ǿ޿һˣھȻһԽ˹ȥζһЩܲˡ
ڲܽҲֻܽˣʥǾ춯صһƾܰǶ
ʲôӰ첻ã֮дӦʵ͸ӦĴϺ⣬ЦЦǺǵصͻʥ֮Ҷٵǰ;ʱƽֻȼŷͻϽͨɵʹǰʱҶٿ֮УʱգΪܹһˣϳڴҶٵϲˡ


172 鹬
ϲʱǲ˰ɣϣҾ֮ʱоҺܶ࣬ڻһЩûȴɾҶһ˽Լ֮ǰΣ
ͬʱԶĴ֮дƽ̺ҶҹɣлҪ㡣
ҶһƣгȽȽطԶĴ֮С
Ӱݼƽ̡
ǺǣҶˣ벻ôȻͻؾ硣ƽ̿뵣¶Ȼ֮ɫ
ƽЩӦҲ˵ΪҶ
ƽ̳Ƭ̣漴ʵͨϽŷҵУ׼ʱ
Ҷһ𣬶ʱĬ
˵ʵڻڷɽ֮УڼǸİĻû׼
ΪʲôһҪأңڣѵã
ƽƿ˼ЦΪʦһҪ뿪뿴һ֮Ϊʲô¹ʥĴ˵׽׽еķ򣬲ھھѾվ۷ˣʥʥľ磬ķѾɲˣҲϽ紫ŷҲӲϽ֮е
磬ȴӵгԽʵôҪô߸ҪôͻὫ𡣡ƽ΢ЦҲʫ飬Ӧ֪Щңƻˣûһ³Ӧ˶𣬵Ӧ˶𡣡
Ҷ۾ƽ˵Ļһֲ
ΪľߣǶ˲һܵĸо
ӡδˡҶֶȴ֮󣬲ſɶƽ̣ɻʲôҪҵô˵ҵĸס
áƽ΢΢ף˵ͷҶʦҶҵһ׮˲֪ȴ֪һҪ췴һˣ˵ӻʵ۵ǻʱѾڿˣǼɵţҶңҪ֪Ҷʾɱ鲼Ұ⣬ԿλҪ췴үǰҶңԣ˴γȻҪɴ£ôȾҪҶˮĸʧ֮ϼ֮ŮҶңҶңͼĺĿľΪͳҶ
ҶɫٿȻ࣬жȻһĨĶǵâͷϺȻڷһɻ
˿ѾǾˣΪϷֻҪƹҶˣȴû뵽ıȻͼıһĴı
ޱѹ漴ʵŶƽʾ£ĸסǷǱҺˣ
һɱ΢΢й
ܶ˶ΪĸѾʵȻƽҡҡͷҶĸײѰˣǲ鹬ĵӣǵ鹬ʦãĲ鹬Ϊսʽ΢Ĳͼɣ뵽Ҷҵõؼ
Ҫ֪Ҷҵǳһλڸֵģ쾳ĸ˴δϾ֮ҲǺܲ˼һ£ĸ׾ǽ˹ڵ񣬱ĿĽӽ㸸Ҷ˭롭Ǻǣĸȴ㸸ĸԸؼ޵Ҷң鹬ͨҵ֪ĸ֮󣬲Ȼŭ漴ĸ׸ץ˻ȥ룬ĸӦǱ˰ɡ
Ҷһ㣬Ŀޱƽ˵ĿռȴǺȻڵ˼ȵıŭ֮С
벻Լĸ׾Ȼôһ
ƽ̶ԼҶҵۣҶǺҶ±Ƚϵ͵쾳ĸȴδϾĴүүҶ쾳ʦλľүүҶһλ쾳ʦ
ԼѾʥԼ׵ҶҲѾϵİ˵ͻƾڼ
ңҶ³һҧгݵص
ƽ̧һƣһѩ׵Ҷ֮Уǲ鹬׼ĵַȥɣǵҪ
֪ôˡҶƽٴһ񣬻˳ȥ
߹֮󣬸ովĵʯȻһĩ
ƽ̲ҡҡͷЦһ

ǽһǣó׵ҪУΪ
ֵϳˮ
ҶڽֵʮȦ֮һ鱦е֮С
鱦ڵΪ䣬ϰȴһʮ̫ţϡ
ҶˣҲкֻǵص͹٣ʲôô
ҶصҪȥ鹬
̫̫һ±ѩҶ鹬㵽ʲôģ
ûҪƭҡҶɫص鹬ȻѾãȴܲ׼һ׮鱦оһ״
̫̫軨һӱ쳣ϬΣص㵽Ҫ˵Щʲôأ
ǾʦҶҵˡҪһ档Ҷһ굽ڣҾûˡ
̫̫ɫ䣬ϸش
ΣԵֲãҵһۿ㻹Щ죬ԭǲƵĶӡ
ڹôˣҵ
⻰ֻ²ɣҿ˵ȢĶֵܶ꣬񾩳ֵһǲ㣡һ̫̫ص
Ѿǹȥ飬αᡣҶӿҲ˵ˣµĻ赱ΪʲôҪҶңֻǲ鹬ĶҲ
̫̫ɫЦǲ˵ǷͰǲ鹬ֽģ
Щ¾ͲҪвУҶŭҵڶѾôĿ࣬ѵһͬĴȱĶûУҲǲ鹬ؽϵģֻȥ
Ҷŭ̫̫ɫһʱˡ
ûʲô˵ģֻΪеֵһз˰̫̫ҡҡͷε̾Ϣһ
軹öӡҶһⲻˡ
̫̫Ҷһۣ̾Ϣɡ


173 Ҷ
Ҷ̫̫˲鹬ɾ֮С
һ̤˲ɽĽ֮УӭһƬ׵ϢҶƸеԼϵ
ĸ׵ĵط
鹬޵֮ϵ֮һĲɽҲһƬ츣أԶ׵ɽˮ㣬ܲ滨ɽԼɼɺ¹߹
ԶеһɽϣɽͷѾƽˣһȻ㾧Өľ޴󹬵ϣΧ֮۵ͣ
˵Ĵֱʣš۰޵ɶԵЩˡ
Ҷˣһɣλÿ£䵽Ҫĵزأ
֣㲻֮£ʲô֮һԽȴ˿ĸ顣
ֿڵزţҶϼ峤֮Ҷ
鹬ص֮ˣĪҪţƽ׻˱ɾȥ
ɫʱεתҶ
Ҷɫ࣬תվ˹׹ҶҲŵĵմӡ
֮гĬã鹬ٴδ˹ãɡ
ޣӲĻʲôҶ˹һ̤֮˹ȥ
޵֮УۼۺʵŵʵǿΪ޽һŵƽȴȽϵ͵ҲΪˣȻױܵĹϵǾĲ׼飬޵еĴս
֮УɸվһŲŮӣֱֳ
жһ멣ͷǹڵӣӢ׼һһ㡣
վһѩ׹װľɫŮںشǰꡣ
ҶĬǰ˳ȾˣɫẮһָ߸ϵİ
鹬ҶưҲ񣬲ɫ΢΢á
ҶĬƬ̣ڵӦýһ˾ˣǽһ
鹬һ㻹ǽҹɣӣҪҸǲ鹬ףҲݡ
ҶЦǰǲ鹬Ǹ߸ϵģɵʮ֮һô䵽ıȡҶؼĵزأ
Ҷ㡭鹬ʱʵʵҭһڣǺˣŭǿƽ̵ķϣҽվųȥ
ԼˣҼƽ̿ɸʲǲ鹬Ҷѹͷıŭ벻м漴赭дصҪ
鹬û뵽ҶͲϻֱӾҪ
鹬Ƭ̣̾ϢǺãɡ

ҶŲ鹬˺һСԺ֮С
ҶϵĵطƫԺλá
Ժ֮е׺ΪţҶ֮еǰ
ɼҶЩȻǱһֱûԣֻΧĽơ
֮йһƵһǰ棬ճյš
Χȴ˿ûвֻǻеһ㲻ͣͣؼš
Ҷȱӣҷƽƽ٣ҶҶҶܹƽ޲֡
ϰףŮһңޱǹԷ֣ҶԭƣҶΪ֮󣬾͸ΪҶϡ
ҶϹǰ棬ħһĲͣ߶šһͷѩİ׷硣
֮ʮ֪˶ٱ顣
Ҷվıʱںͷһʱסˡ
֪ȥѾӳɳյĸס
֪ʱһֱվڲ鹬ߵǸŮȴӯ˹ȻŮ˵ıỽһùãҶˡ
ͷ׷ѩҶһ
סˣأתŵؿǰꡣ
ǡҵĽ𣿡
裡Ҷͨһڵأص裬
Ҷ촽΢΢ţһ˫۾˼ޡ
ײײ˹һѱסҶŵ˫ֲͣӣǡǺСʱ򲻴һˣˡεһģһ
裡㣡ҶҲ಻סĵı࣬档
ҵĽҵĽҶӻˣҶ͵һѱסҶʧʹޡ
ҶϱסҶʹһסֹסˮ
εһģһҶ˫ֲ˫֣ḧҶӣϲص赱뿪ʱ꣬벻һգ۵Ĺ㡭ͳôߴˡ
Ҷ߶߶ס֣Ҳܲ˵أͽĻһԶص˳ҶһֱЩÿһһζϸѯʡ
ˡЩܷܵô·ԣҶҶߵԼķԼơ
Ҷ˵žʹһӣ·Ҷۻҡ
㿴ʱƵģҶԺȲڼƾ䣬϶᳤úܸߴ󡣡Ҷ϶ָͣһС·СҶϱȻţҶЩЦãǿĸֿЦĽ״ˣֻܹһһԴ
ϵĲ÷ٺãҲƵҶһ֮̾Եö˼ֿ㣬һ湫ӡ
ҶסҶϵ֣裬𣿡
ҶؽסˣеĽ˵ˡ
ãĵһ̾ôܹ밡ڹһֱ˵ȢϷˣһֱǰ˳ģֵܣǲǺܲã
ҶĬһ£콫еЩ鶼ĸ׵˳
ҶȦˣʵصҼҹλصʱ򣬶εͷǵǰǡֲȥ㸸ףҡҡ
ҶҲ಻סеʹ࣬סʧʹޡ
裬͸֮飬Ȼֻ֪ţҲܹ²ˡҶ̾Ϣһصڻʲôüƽϵأ͵ĵģʮ꣬Ҳʮ꣬Һ͵ܵҲˣһˣʲôܷµأǲ鹬ҪǼҵ񹦣ֻҪܹɣҲˣֻҪܻȥǼҲһҰԲˡ
ԲУҶ͵طһĨ쳣ϲõĹâץסҶֲſô롭ʵ̫ˣҶҵ񹦾ܹѾΪ˿㸸̫ˣҾ鷢
Ѿôˣ̸ʲôأǶһˣʲôĽᣬʱһҲûˡҶ̾ϢҲ㣬Ҳܿࡣ
ô˵ǿһЩˡҶο̾˿üҵҲչˡ


174 ħ
鹬ؿҶס˸ţڴʲô⡣
һ֮ԸĴϴԼʦõԵҲһֱġ
һ뼰һӦ޵ֻĩβĲ鹬ʵ᲻թͷˡ
˰ˣһ²һˡ
鹬㿪ɡҶصؼȥ
ؿҶ˰ε˰ˣҶķϣҲҪʲôҶҵˣֻǲ鹬ǵ֮أֻҪһͿԴĸ뿪ˣȥ
Ҷеʱӿһŭ
ǰ˵ĹΪҶҵĸǰȥԵף¶֮ȴжΣԼĸĸʮ꣬ھȻҪȡһ
Ҷк޲һƽ޳ܵĻ쵰
ҶĬȻ˼Ƭ̣ӻȡһڽض̽οջƣΪ£Ų˾ŵͭǮСĽɫƣһССβ˸
һհһһɻհӿΧ۾һӶ
Խռ֮Уٻͼ۵ϧ
ϱֻƷıҾԴˣȡĸɡ
ðɡ˹ؿҶǿ뿪ˣֻǡƣ㴥˹ڵĹأҲǱеˣ׼㱣Ϊǽ󡭡׼ʩչ鹬ķ
ʦ֣Ҷʧе棬ꡭǱҶమȴպδ񡭡
裬ЩͲҪˡҶ̾Ϣһĸ첲Ѿ֣Ǿ߰ɡ
ֻĮȻתȥҶһ仰Ҳ˵ˡ
ǹȻԶܹϴԼµĹֻ˳е
ԱߵŮɫҵĹùã㲻ҪԹùãùʮô
̾ϢһḧŰŮĶͷǶԺܹ׵ĿˣڵĹزư
裬ߡҶҶϵĸ첲ĮȻصѾˡ
Ҷһ𣬻תͷɨһשһߣһһľ
׳ĵط
Ժ󡭡ֻҲܻˡҶؿΧ̨ͤ¥󣬻԰԰ԡ
Ҷĸף漴ˣ裬һȻٻˣô࿴ôҲǸ롣
ҶϿοص˵ͷ
鹬ޱ飬һĨɫ̽ÿ˵·ˡ

鹬԰԰ԡĳءȵȵط
Ҷ϶ͣһ£ϸϸؽÿһطḧ˸顣
Ҷȴû˿Ĳͷֻǰĸ׵˵
ʹ࣬Ī
ڵЩŮܵ˲鹬ķԸ˶׼˵
裬㻹¡
ǵ
裬ʵԵĲӦ֪Ŀģǵһֱû˵ƣΪ㣬ֻҪܹȥˣ˻أôˡ
ңҲʵ̫ɣǰˣЩıҶϿЦһʣ̾ϢҲûȥˡ
ͬʱ֮кȻһΧĻˮһҵز
ô£ҶϾȵص
֮кȻ˺ɱ
鹬ŭħվȻַǲ鹬޻أ
һſĴЦˣ鹬鹬ַϲľӪÿ£ӶЩˣƾʲôַϲܹռⶴ츣أٺ٣ҲûطĲ鹬ҹĲ鹬ҾȢŮʱ򻹲ǹǲ鹬֣
鹬ŭӾڹ⴫ɱͲ鹬ӵ˲ҽе
ãȻħڵҶɫ䣬ãҸطһ£
裬㲻õʲô߰ɡҶ֣ŵĵӣħǲǵġ
ҶǣĸףڵŲͥһ㡣
һֳ־ݴ󵶵ĺ׳ϴŹĴ࣬Цţоݳϻһ˿Ѫ⣬Ե쳣
ʱڳֵ׷ŹڵһЩƯŮзЦˡ
룡
ӭħڸ֣ҶЦһִ̧һ
ħڵĸ֣书ӦҲ죬̧һг㳯˹
꣡гȻس𵴶˿ìƲ˥ͬһֵسϣһ죬ؿϵ·ըѳһ˶ӡ֮ΣѪɳʮɿ⣬˵һײڵе棬˹ȥ
ҶɫƽŵսľĸףսΣĵطȴ˿𣬲ɳȣŲͥɢһ㡣
ոǸħʦҽ˵עˣһʱʮӰֵ˹
ҶƽƾΧħڵĸٶַ࣬һ漴ǱѣѪأôһ·˹ȴǸûܹס
λãмźͼŰ˺Ȼǲ鹬ħڵļλʦݳԪ񶷡
ҶĲӬһ㣬ͶͽԼִѪˡ
Ӧòǲ鹬ˣħڵӣߺȻؿڵ
裬ϳˡĽҶȴǺᣬֻǶĸ׵漴
߼ᶼᣬŭȴҶ
ãҶЩ̵ص˵ͷ


175 ײ
߾ȵؿҶ۹ⲻͣ˸ţƺڴĦ书Ϊ
һעӵҶȴᶼᣬԹԵʰ׼˵
㡭Ҷϵսľؿ
Ҷһƻһְһ㣬ңӭĺѾһ˳ȥ
õģ̤ʵ˾ͺãһ͵ˡҶЦЦĸ棬
Ǹ΢΢һԱ͵ʹһɫҶͷϵҶȻһȰغӰһֳһѩĸͷҵһһͷͷ˹
˵书ܸߣѾʦľ硣
һƼͣˣһͷţҲꡣ
ۿһҶˣǰȻһ
һֻ㽿۵Ĵ̽˹ָȻӭ˸УסĸУ
֨бҶָһذ
Աߵ޲ĿɿڴҪ֪һƼͣҶȻƾһֻƣڵʯ֮Ͱס˸ͷ·ߣסĸУ
Ҷһ֮£иѿ˶ȻƬë㣬ƮƮ˳ȥϵĹǽ֮з΢žȻصص˵ϣһ̲һ㣬Ҳվˡ
ոһǶ־ȻȫĹǽھɢ˿
ͬʱԱһż޾ħĺƳ˹֮дعЦ
ģǵ׻ûꣿҹ
ҶתͷźƣŭһƵ·һ޾ϰ㡣
ϮźƱɳƵһӸײ˸ţײһǽһ㣬Ȼֹ
Ҷֵһһɰΰ˹ȥһɺ֮Уֻࣵһ죬źѾ˿
ƶȻһɢ֮£ԱߺȻ˽ļХһںڵĽâȻڿһƣϮ˹
ָףҶ漴ؿſڵԪƻָ̧֣׼һ
꣡ҵ˵һͱ˳ȥһӰз˳ȥ
Ǻ߻Ԫ񣬺ȻһֽУԪָһ֮£Ȼձһź
ͬʱǰٴκڷХ֮£Ԫֻɵĺƺڷ磬ֱϵҶϡ
͵׹˸ʮŵף˹
Ҷг׵ıŭˣŲ̤ʩչ˾ڿлóӰˣٿ֮Ԫǰˡ
ȭһһ֮£һУԲڵķ
ָһ֮£һмƥһӾͽԲʮڵĿգԪس֮м˹
źһŵɫĹ֮УŹ֮ȴǲʱײħһɹɳɽѹģֱӾѹǵԪ棬˸оڲͣرȡѹʹǿʼɪɪ
֣ԣɫ󾪣ԪѾ۷ľ磬ħڵĳϣֻħȻռ鹬ҲȻԪˡ
˵Щͻ̾ͻһӵϣŽħ֮ħںòµĲ鹬ԼС
Ҷһ֣赭дؾס⼸λڸ֣ʱסаɸ֡
ոҶڳֵʱ赭дȫ˿ƣһλҶֻǸֶѣû뵽һ֮£ףҶȻ죬Ҳڣһʥ
¿ײˡ
죡Ҷתͷһȡ
ҶһȣݣʱͰѵ߸סˡ
Ҷ񻺻ɨӹΧˣ۾˵ߵϣһ
ûκιϵҲûȤǴ֮ǼҶֶصһؼҾͺá
漴һԪѾδɢ˳ȥ
ҶϿΧɫ̵Ĳ鹬ӣæסҶȵȵȡ
裬õģ̤ʵˡҶЦ߱סˣҶ
Ҷʰһӣ׼ߡ
һһնεĵҶߣǲ鹬ĵӣҶ϶ʱһʹ֮ɫ
Ҷ߿ʬ壬ˡ
㣡ȵһ¡ҶϽסҶֱۣз˰֮ɫ
裬Ǹ鹬ĹϵȻϾͲҪˡҶȻصﱻʮ꣬˾ȻҪû˾Ǻõģ
ж鹬һ˵гʹޣĸܽʮ꣬ʥȻһһҹ裬һжǸ˵ĹΪ
ֱݺһʡ
Ĳ鹬ͷϴĻ鹬ĵӶˣҶǾԲ֡
ƣҪϾ𣿡ڴ˹ھĸΧȫ˺ۣŭҪң˻еǶϾ֣ܲǱɱɣЩ㣡
ˡҶϰؿҶ
ЩʱֻйСŮǻÿɰһֱ죬ʵ嵭вٵǳҶϵѾԼŮһԴˡ
ҶһǿѹͷıŭűΧŹĲ鹬صǵãȰǿڽҡ
鹬˭û뵽ҶȻô޳ܣͳȥĶȻҪ


176 ʥ
ɲصѵҪɣ
һʱһʱҶ赭дص
ɫʱɫ˴˸ơ
ú۵ɫָ֮ԼѪ˸
Ѫħͷ䣡
ۣۣۣ
ú۵ߣʮѪ⣬Աߵʮδ͸ʬϡ
ЩʬٿȻ˳ƵرըѪ⣬Ѫڿлͷ¸ҽеѪɫħãΧƣ
ЩѪɫڿз¸µħЦħѪϢɢΧ鹬ĵһɫףſŻ£鹬Ҳܲħʴ
ֻѪħħڵĽߵĹɵѪħͷһʩչ֮󣬽ʸʬȫѪл궼ȡɵĶƥѪħͷãѪħͷõԿһ۷ʦΪˡ
Ҷ̧һץһƵĹǷҶϵϣڵס
ҶΡȻȻſָ֣˺â
תۼ仯ִ
ִڿףӭͷã֮£ڿж񶷳һš
һеڤףһúߣ֮ٿȻһɺںɫţһƣźںɫųҶ˹¡¡
ͬʱҲ˱ʮ͵өһ㣬Ҷ˹
ҶȻ֮£˫ת㣬óӰյס롢ȵħڵķ
ʥ֮ʥ֮ʩչȭ⣬ͬСɡ
羹Ȼһ˸ɸɾ
ħ󣡸ס
Ҷ˫ۼٻ裬һȦ֮£Ρ
뽵ͷѪöս׷Ȼڿתһټƥ󷨣һ¾ͽͷͷøסˣͷٵڿСѹ֮£ֻͷѪ÷¸µؼ
徢ұҶЦһֽ̧һ¡
ͷͬʱѹ˹һըѵ˳ֻͷѪõͱըķ˿
ͬʱԱھĸѾһħҶɱ˹
д֣ƣҶȻһŭ߳˫һƣӿȵըѱӿ
ʯ֮䣬ֵѾڸͬʱơ
ڸֶһȭݺݵԼʶ֮У
һħЯ޾Ļɱ˹ٴνǵʶһƬҽ
Ҷз˵͵͵ˣμͬʱ˫ֱ任ȭӡ
ռ֮֮£ħӰ
ڸʶ֮д˿ѾҳһţҶȭݻħָͬȭ⣬ַǵԪ
Ҷб֮£Ȼ΢΢һڳֻһԲһƻڵߵȭϡ
飡߻Ƥһ㱻˳ȥѪ
λڣһλڣλ־ȻҶ֮͸Ʒˣʵʱסеˡ
һ˶ޱȵĹתݣԼкڰ׶תӭڸֱɾ޴ȭ˿У·Ǳеĳһ㡣
Ҷת֮кڰ׶һ֮£ڸ֧Ԫ񣬾Ȼؿʼģ
֣ԣɫ֣֪Ҷôһ֮£ֻ⼸ڸֵԪͻᱻĨȥеļ䣬ľæȵ
Աһ˼ˣʵΪʲô
߻صһλʥǰԲˡ
ڳеˢˢصһʥȻλʥ
ħʵŵĸˣ
㲻ϣֻŵĵӶѡҶֶޱ飬ȴһƣȻ
ŵͨӣЦŶţȻҲϲ鹬ˣ
ţҶҶҶҡҡͷΪ˱ᣬҿ֣صظǣҪܹɱңŲǵ鷳
ҶȻǸڶǸһǧֻҶħɲصԭ˵ֻڣôܻʥ
ڻʥƨ£Ҫô뿪ҪôҶȻЦһȻһŻȦ
ۻƶʱѹȵħڵĺ˼ŵؿҶ
ħϵĵ̲ͣس鴤ţɫľȻصͷһλʥߣССħܹǵġ
ħڵͬʱ˾޴֮УԱߵĲ鹬ɫɷס
ʱȻҴλʥжթһһʱеͷƤ顣
ħڵĸȴǼѿĳĬ֮С
ȴֲģִ򲻹˼ңίʵޱȡ
ǽ𣬸ոѾ˷ִ磬Ƕ߰ɡҶȻ
̧һһģڸֵԪѾԼ֮С
ħڵɫ΢䣬Ϊ׵ĵɫӵؿҶһۣû˵ͷߡ
ת֮䣬ħڵ˾ߵĸɸɾˡ
ʱ˿̵Ĳ鹬ѾȫǰӺݻˣԵǱ·ѾˣϴżѪۣܻظ˹ŭʵ
Ϊβɱǣ
Ҷ͵תͷЦΪҪɱǣǲ鹬гҶǿûϵ
鹬ɫһϣʱ˵ˡ
ҵǿڽأҶʵ


177 
鹬ѵŲһеذѽ˫ַ
ҶЦһֺ̧ɨһȦֻҪҵĶ´ΣҾҪǲ鹬֮ҲùԹԵؽʱǿ˭޳ܡ
鹬ɫϺ죬żţֻܰĿתҶϡ
Ҷӵɫ˹ס֣صĸȻ꣬ϾңݣĶˣֻأѾžˣҲҪ̫ڼƽˡ
Ҷһѹͷŭ⡣
鹬˵æԱߵʹһɫǻ֮˹סҶϵ֣ҡҡùãʱɡ
ǡҶḧһ̾Ϣһ
鹬ֺ޳ܵشˣҶɫʱֺصغһ
鹬֮УµĹͥԺС
ɫҵĲ鹬ʼ˾ɬдҶ
ѾߵˣԭҶҡһ䣬Ѿһʵʵˡ
Ҷɫĺܲÿ
鹬ܶ궼ûгֹôѪȵ¼һȴŪæҡ
ǺܿͻָյƽĮ鹬漴˼дҶ
ϯû鹬ĳϣ˺޳ܵĲ鹬ŮǺƽȴǺùùϵѣҶϵ֣˿ҶϵߣҶĳҲ
һٷԵҶζӣȴǼĲʹ졣
鹬ˣɬصƣסϼա߰ɣ
һħڵѾ˵ӣҶôһʥʵǱʲô趼ǿ
Ѿס˼ʮˣ͸ûطˡҶȻصĸҲҵܵܣ͸ûȥˣͻȥ
ҶϿɫ䣬аҶ£Ҫ˵ˣϾġ˾ˡ
ҶЦһôҵʱ򣬹ΪҶǺ޳ˣȻûϣֺαغ޳ܸʣ
ɫʱѿ˼㣬Ҷ϶ʱԶԡ
ҶѾԭһػ˲鹬
Ҷ˾ˡڴˣˡ鹬˹һƣޱȵص
Ҷûнӹӣֻֻһ䣬֮£˭Ĵ
鹬ӳ鴤˼£̾ϢһжҵĹΪ˲鹬һʱͿ֮£ʦá
ȻͿΪʲôͿȥȴɢҵʮ꣡ҶжȻһĨŭ֮ɫƱȵ˼ײ
ҶҶȦ΢΢ˣ̾Ϣȥˣˣơˡ
ˣҺ˰ɡҶתͷȥĮȻ
Ҷ˹һ
ɫʱ˼֡
ҲСǺǲ鹬Ҷ̾Ϣһǲ鹬ûˣֻܴֻ
ɫһطһ˿ŭ⻰ʲô˼
һ⣬ҵܵҶС䵹£ҽ㵲һֽ٣չʾԼ᲻İС޸ҵܣ
ԱߵһǺˣһ仰Ҳ˵ˡ
һµҡãֹ
Ҷ׷ʵҼأ㻹᲻ô
Ȼˣ¹ŮһҸ˲ʾŭ
ˡҶҡҡͷǻļλƽ̵ĻֻҪҵһͷһİʾΪɳõ棬ǾͲ˼ԼŮĸܣӲѺҲҰó׵ģֻܰŮŮȴܰŮ⣬֮Ĳڡ
׻ĺ˺üʱſڽ࣬һʱ˵ˡ
콫˹Ҳȿ־շΪʲôҪأûԺеصĴҶЦû鹬ǰʮλѾ㲻ˣǣڵ׶סƿաЩɶŶû״󣬵һ£Ķǲ鹬ԲǵĶ֣˵ԣ˵㲻Ҳ˵书Ϊݣ飬
ɫٿȻ࣬亹£һʱȴ޻˵ˡ
һһ壬аҪ˷ľҲҪϼ޻ڲ߻˲ţҪѹΣʶɲܹ˲ţΪһɵƽ̸Ӧۣ֮ǲ鹬Ѿǳ̫ˣ˵䲻ĻǸ£оѧͬҲûгɫ˲ţֻƾµĹά֣СҰҶؿۿһۣЦʵʵشȥɣһֻɳɢΪֹ
⵽Ҷ֮ԣ֮£һʱЩãȻ֪룬૵صѵǲ鹬ҪôԶȥô
ҶתͷЦһ£ǳ֣׻ʳ֮У뵱꣬Ҷ渨̫Ȼʣд֮һ֮ˣҶϵȴλ˳ʱΪȻѡˣƽеȨҴϿμҽˣһһҶФգʦǲŸ߰˶ѧ峵Ϊ࣬ΪҼһ̫үүҶҵλľ֣ҶڸͻʥҵλһпżȻʵȴҶµļѧ̺컯ɵģʣǲ鹬һֱôȱѾǽˣܻΪɣ㲻Լ׷ԴȻеϣһؼϣ
鹬ͷ亹һһε˳


178 ϴ
ҶаЦ鹬ڻûгʲôܳ˲ţҲûгֹʲô书
һ㣬Ȼڵɽգһĸ޲ħʱʱ֣ĥºѹ֮£ֱ֮Ÿ书ǲ£ʹ𲽻֮£ҲͳΪ޵ǿɡ
Уڻھĸ˴ûжϹ֮Уġ
ΪµСҰ鹬칬Ŀ̫Ҳ˵СũʶĲ鹬ȻѸ˵ϣȫҶҵġ񹦡ϣһͶôĴҶֱף̫Ҷҵؼ̫Լҹµؼ
СҰҲһǴģһ鹬޵д˺պյ˵鹬Ѿǽˣ˭ҲڻʲôֲȻԲ鹬ĥ鹬ʵڽǣȴû˵ҵһֻз
ڣħڵһ̲סˣʮа˾űƲһ̽ʵͬʱħڵʵȻŻ֡
ֻŽ飬ֻǵ£ֻ߲ŻհԶϧټһ鹬ȴûһߣֻǻ᲻ϵػԼ洴µĻԻͣԼαĽûУ洴˻ԻͣҲ飬ʲôϵЩФûаȴµĶ󣬻ʲôֵýô
ҶԸǺݶ鹬ĵغ˼䶯촽ȫѪɫˣѾʧǵɫ
ѵı䣬ûѵĿĺڣΪԼĻҵܹõıȥȥڵѵѾ˻ҵչİʯǻҪôȥ㣬鹬ˣǻʲôȥȪ֮µڣ
鱻Ҷʩչ֮ɫһӱɷɫ
˵ǡ鹬ûл𣿡ɫҰף׷ʵص
ҪܹˡҶ̾ϢһҲ˵ɵʱ˵ͨ콣ɣȴ˶ȱͳϣЩ²ӣÿԭ֮еʱŵĵͲٶˣɳ϶Դ˸ӶЩˣļֻӬûʲôһˡҶһ죬ǲ鹬ܾܵĥô
ҶĻ罣ģ鹬һʱ޷ش
ǲ鹬Ҫ߳Ʊؾͻ棬ⲻȻٲħڿǰʮ㲻ϵɾһȻܰڵ֮ͬʵʣԱδܹסܸ
Ĳ鹬Ҷ鵽˼ɫɷףؽҡҡ׹
ҶԹЦ
鹬յĻԻͣȴѾǽˣ鹬Щ߲ûһӵΣʶ̸ֻۣյĻԻɾ͡
ݺһˮԶʶԼ
Ҫ˵ˡҶϸеҶؼüͷ壬ֹ
Ҷ΢΢һЦ漴סˡ
ˣһ˵ȻϬģҲһ˰鹬ɫ쳣Ұܣͷ亹£ʵҺǰʶˣڳ⣬ȴƫ·;һֱΪֻҪõҶҵ񹦣ܹ˲鹬ҴˣҾȻһ֮˾Ȼϵһؼϣ޲ɼòɾҩҴˡĴˡҲ˲ơ
һɲǼ䣬Ĳ鹬·ʮһ㣬Ҷϵ񣬳ŨŨΡ
ֱ˿̣죬ĿΪǵĴǳ˹
һûǿڵѹΣʶע̫ĳϢǲ鹬ʵǡﰲݵ̫ˡ
ԭҡôˣزҲͿе¹ʣѡô
鹬Ȼ̾һ
Ƕлˡ鹬ЦһҵϣҲǲ鹬ְ֮
ҶֻǱŸ첲߲
ھˣҼӣҶһŰɡ鹬Ĭãؿڵ⣬ܵҶ㡣
һ˽Ծ
շһĨɬκ죬ת˳ȥ
ãҵܵҶȻңҲѾͻʦˣ˵⣬Ѿ߷ֵ洫ˡҶЦҶҿɲãǽҶңҪµ׼
Աһλ̲סڵ⡭δЩ̫˰ɣ
Աѣôأ̾ϢֻҶҲܱ
ҶϿڻ¾ͲҪ̫żˣһж˳Ȼɡ
ǺãôɡҶһЦ
ƣҶȥɣ棬ƣСǡɫȻͷϣ̾Ϣһȥɡ
Ҷӿصǣʦ֡
ʦãƽ̣ѵδǰ;ϣʦֻѡһɡǾȥˡɫָ侲ص֮ʣµĹؾͲȥˣʦ֮飬Ҳҵġ


179 ˡ
鹬Ȼ񾩳ǺԶҶԦȴһƷٶȼ죬һ·Ҳƽȡ
Ҷ鹬һԻ׷ĽҲľ
Ͼˣ԰ϣԼĶŮˣͰŮͶӶһҶ
񾩳ҶĴ⡣
վɾĴʿҶϵϵĳϺﶼվ࣬ӭżҶ
Ҷ̣֥ҲվڸۡУҶףվڸ׵ࡣ
ɫѿȴǼȵ
ȻͨҶ֮ڣ֪ҶѾ⵱飬ʼնϰµġ
ȥֲӣȴֲ֪ʲôȥֲ񾩳зƱãƺҪҶ
һɿȻ𣬳ֵľͷûʯ
һӵӯطɳ˹ݳҶӶޣƥݳ챦ɵͣס˽Ų
ϲүظūȵ
Ҷû˵ĻӭʽֵĿע£ֶޣӳ
ˡҶǰһɬص
ǣԲˡҶ嵭ص
ҿ˳ţĸ˳
ɲǼ䣬ҶͫһɲǼ˼ޣؿϤϤӰ
ʮǣƵӰ޶Ѽ˪
һǼ䣬Ѿסˣ㱡
ʮʮҳɻ飬ʮŮ޶ȴֱʮ֮á
Ҷһ㣬ײײ˹ȥסϸ֣˼ĺʮӣ촽š
Ƿģֿʹ
ҶԲס㡭ҶƴסͣԼ޳
ˣƣҲ㡭ؼ˾ͺã㻹ǼеĸҶ˻ס֣Ŷٴҹλʱա
Ҷţһ·طľ棬ȴδϵȻˣƵ⣬Ҷûٶ˵ʲôֻǽסֲſмʮ꣬ǧֻһ䣺˾ͺãӿ̲ס˳
ҶԲס㡣
ҶȦ΢죬ʲô˵ˣѾȥˣƣʵҵѾ֪ˣʧȥ㣬Բûнơ
Ѿع
ҶվԱߡ
˸׵Ŀˡ֮ĸ׵ɫѾ࣬Աߵ֥Ůں
ҶÿٸҶǰ뿪лϾҶѾʥ֮𣬸ǣһ֮ˡ
Ҵ˴β鹬ڵһ޵ĸ־ѾפҶңҶҹ
ҶȻԱվŵҶӵɫ漴ֱüᶨ
˹ԥãʵ㻹ں𣿡
ҶǶ尾ޱȵ΢΢鴤˼֮Ȼ̾һʱ䣬ҺܺޣһжѾˮʯˣﻹʲôú޵أΪĸףҲôȥˣ˼ѵӢһأȴǰ඼ҡ
һ仰ʱҶģʱ
Ҷ棬סֱ۵֪ǵûоһ׵ΣǡһúõĲѾȥ峤λá
Ҷֹ̧㲻ҪôˣҼȻѾ־磬ʲô벻أúõش裬ʱ䳤ˣһжĥƽġ
Ѿʥ硣Ҷ˵̫Ҷ壬ȻЩڵص᲻ᡭ̫үүҶǰ㣬Ҫҳ߰ɣ
ҶЦҲߣȴҲܲߣǴʵ۵ǻ֮ߵģĸȴ᲻ңֻܶͣһʱˣΪ˼δҲܲߡ
ҶݺᣬʹصûɾʥҲںɾͶ٣ֻ֪Ƿ̫̫ˣֻ벹㰡
ݺᣬѾȻѾǻʹ˼㡣
ףҪôˡҶãңɽ𢣬صҶҵ컯䵽ϣһӦֽ٣еĿ࣬ҳܵĿ࣬ʵעӦеģһѾȥ˽Ҳܹ뿪ףҲ뿪˰ɣǰ飬ټƽȥֻͽȻķնѡ
ҶȻ¡
ݼС㡣֥˹һ
ŮɱǰĳƺʽҶаٸн
ɣѾôĽˣҪôعءҶϸ˵գ̾ϢǡҲء
ȫСİţǽòôһοֵӡүǶܺãֻС㡭ˡ֥ȦҲˣסҶϵֵ
ˣܣ֥Ȼת˶ѷ϶֮УɫҶ㡣
ҶҶϣص㲻裬Ǹƭӡ
Ա˶ʱһ£ѻȸ
ҶĺɫٿȻɷף
˵ʲô˵һ飿ҶƿȺߵǰһһٵص
Ҷ˫ȭţȻЪ˹ش裬ƭӣ
ˣҶŭһ˹ȥ
ԱһֻصסҶҶ档
ҶɾǿվţһԲӢѾ΢΢Ťˡ
Ҷɫӵסļ򣺡ЩҲףǣǣֻģӭ裿
裬ˣСӵԴһʱת
Ҷˮӣ΢΢ͷ֪赱ôڡһúõĲǡ
裬Ǻײžһ飬ȳԶԲ˵ɡҶתͷԱ߷Ըһ漴תҶҪܣҾʹȣ


180 
һԲΪҶ쵰Եüܲʹ졣
Ҷʹ˱ֶΣƴǿתϯϣԱСѾߣѼһˣһ仰Ҳ˵
Ҷߵ飬
Ҷϲ˲ᣬǿ¶һЦˡ
裬⣬ǰƢ
Ҷ΢΢ҡҡͷҵصô˵ܹԭңѾˡµˣأҵһУǰΪ˲鹬ڡͷҵһУҪ뿪ˣӡ
Ҷһǵ𣿡
ҶգȻǣˣҲ޵ųЩɹ涨᲻֪أ
裬ͺеʱһ˫ӣûҵİͲгݺҶĸ׵ƣܣЩһֱչţ̴̺ٺãʼն谡Ҳٴεҹλصģ㡭ʼնڣôɺأ裬㲻õģ˵ӡǺ̵ģʱһˣӡͻŤתˣûµġ
Ҷһοһʱ䱯ϲӿһ˵ζ
ҶһլԺ᷿֮С
Ҷɫǿվԭأ˸һ
Ҷ˹ɫһ㣬ݺݵ
ҶúݺݷҶ
ֵ˴۵Сۡ
ľǿĵĻò˶ãͻ쾳ˣܹͻڡҶ赭дص⼸ﶼҪȥˣҺúָ㡣
Ҷ۾ٿȻ漴صǽ𣿡
ֶǿԽ𣿡ҶüëһɫҲñ
Ҷɫ쳣ظ
ֻ㣬㳤ˣԺ󶼲ȥӻˡ
Ҷ̺ζ
ܣЩ顭ȫûɵĺһһҪ⣬ҲҪʱģȫܹ⣬ܡҶļаٸнѾǿôˣ࣬ѵҪôȥѾˣշǰǷĶֲ
Ҷ͵˻صһжƭ֣ƭ֣
ҶһѾס죬ѡһײڴϡ
棬ҶȵûЩƭ֣ƭѾȥˣ׺ĸ׵మģĸ׶ֵܵ˼ǣҲģΪʲôҪִЩνƭأſԼ֣ᷢЩҪҪǣڶǵˣ
Ҷ̧ץסļͷʹصǲܹȥ˺ǵˣףףǵΣ
ҶӣضһҺҺ
̾ϢһҶԴ
ܣ֮ҶҵĽȨˣһȨ˲ҪӵǿܵͷԣҪӵ㹻ؽǣܵصҶ̾ϢѾȥʮˣдû㶼ӦԿݵ̬ȥԴΪڹúܺáʳѹ滮õĴõǰ̣һ˳㲻һôĿѣҡҪɼ̤һǰ;ĵ·
Ҷ§סԴ̾Ϣ㿴㣬Ҹɸ硭ȴѰ
Ҷĳĵطʹˣ͵س鴤һӿ˳վĬȻ˵ͷˣȥϸ
Ҷ˵ͷ

ַƮҡʱ֮УҶٴγһλʥûȣȴѾ籩һ㴫ȫ£ͳʽҶܡ䳬Ȼ׵ݵλȴһ֧
Ҷ¹ҶӵܾƺΪΥȱС
Ҷһϵ̫үүɾʥ֮Ĵ֮ڣڳĹԱһɵʡΪ٣ڳ֮ϣһǱӣΪ۹¡
£̫ڻʵս˥Ⱥ֧£ĻΪ̫Ӽ⡣
£̫ڻʵѾ£λΪ̫ϻʣλ̫ӡ
£̫ڻʵۼݱ»뾩ɥ첻Ը»ּ𣬳Ȼŭ֮£˺Ƥʼʮ򣬺ųʮһ·ʦ
ƽٶȼ죬̶̼µʱͽ˴Ƭǳأһ㡣
Ҷ֪¿϶ǳڸ֣Щڸֵʵسǽɲˡ
£ĻҶֱݡ
ܼ򵥣ĸҲ˼λھĸ֣Ҷ赭дص
ҶĿ漴صڿʼҪˡ
үүȫĺˣҵһλֿػҲڸ֡ҶصЩھĸǺģɱɱȴǲɣЩڸֵݿûôۣǲģʲôûУ
Ҷ丧ų룬Ǿ׼ԴУɳԵأѾ
֪ˡҶ˵ͷʰʰһͬ
и֮£ľƽٶȺܿ죬ڵĽپͨű󣬱ԣҲܲסƻڸֵĸ׳нЩڸȴǲԸմȾɱץЩԸͶľͶԸͶҲȫ
ʥ뷲˵ҶĻҲմɱ
ֻǶ̶̼µʱĴѾǽʮǳأֱӱ񾩳֮С


181 ˲ɱ
̫δɵǻѾʼǼݾͣݳ֮С
ݳڳǳ쳣ĸߴ̣ؽʸϳɳصط͵ĽصĽٸߴ̵ĳǳأҲסڸֵĸ׳нĴ򷨡
ݳ֮⣬˿Ѿɱ졣
Ļ´ϿкȻӰӣһħͷڿ裬һ¸µЦƮ첻һ쳣ĹǵħľҲǰвһˡ
ھĸرĻþרŹƻˡ
žĶҡصʱӰ͵شӿгǼֱڶ£ӰȻһ֮£Ѿһֻ˶ޱȵľ֣֮˾ҵǼϵ̫ץȥˡ
̫ǼΧĽʱ׷趯еı񵲣ֻֻ֮֮һ֮£ЩʦĻǾһָͷ˳ȥˡ
ͬʱǼԱһͨˡ
͵رһȦӨӨĻ棬һȭңңغӲֻˡ
飡ֶֻʱһȭӲغ˳ȥ
һһȭͣϢ˫ֽ任ʮӰжȻһɾ޴ŭһӿһͷ޴ƥӰڶĻӰʱơ
ŭ֮羨Хһ㣬Ծڿ裬޾ŭХżըѵƺ֮£Ԫ񣬼ʦͷ޴ƥһȥױ͵ȭؽ˿
ֻ۶ɵľֶʱҲŭˣָҵһ֮£һֻصĴȭҺ˹
𣡡һԼȭȫʱΧȻϮ޸־˿Ӳغһֻ֡
飡һľ촫лһ³һѪֻϮľҲһȭɢ
ֻɢľٴα»ûĵӰ
һӰѪĺ𣬿ڵҶ
ǣҲǣ
ԶȻһ嵭
һõӰӺȻԶŤһ£δ磬һߣһ̣Ѿ˳Ӫͷˡ
ߣҶֺ̧Ȼһ֮£ΧȻʮһ֮£ת֮䣬ͽռ価
޴Ʒ𣬸ո׽̫ӵĴڣȻоԼͷƤ飬ͷѾóˡ
٣Ҷ͵ſ޴һףһһɢ˿𵴵¡¡صݡ
Ҷذ˲ӣе֮
һɾ޴ʯͶƽ֮а㣬޴ҵɢ֮£ĸھĸ֣Ȼһɢ˿
Ҷת磬žž֮£򵥵ȭ֮£֮зװմ籬ѡ޴ѸٺɨķһӾͽΧԪ𵴵֧˿
Ҷ˲ͻϮ֣һٺɨЩͨǵ֮Ťһ£·˲һ˲Ϣͻص̫Ǽݵǰ˳ְ̧ڴŻѪĺϣԴԴһ
ʥͬСɣ̺಻ڵ̾;Ȭˡ
ȻһԾؿҶ㡭Ȼͻʥ
˵ˣһͻʥġҶмԴԴ¶һ˿԰
ϲţзһĨ쳣ӵɫиŨŨĲʺͼ֮ɫ
ʼˣҶӦĵı仯漴ɫص
ҧ
ҶȻܸıԼխıԣⱲӶʥԵ³˵ľʹϳ˵书ͱǧգɰٴ˴󣡡
һϸƷζ˰֮漴ĬȻͷܽˡ
ʱ˿̣ѾױҶľ۷ˣľǣʥΪ
ֺõ°ɣʣµ飬Ҷ赭дطԸһ䡣
ʥֵ֣µļѰ۵ؾе
ҲǱһ£ؿڿеҶ
ҶȻ䵽Ļӵǰʩȼ٣
ʥ֮֮ʯ˶񡣡Ļϲɫ
ҶܺͻʸҵһشϲſƮȻɵҶ
ʥȻһλʥԱߵĳ۾ضŴݵҶƺҪƤͷҪȥһ㡣
ԱߵĳƼתֱ£ʱܻض㣬Ҷҡͷ̾ϢʥӦЦɽ֣ΪҪֻʳ˥֮£
Ҷ漴תȥȥͣϸ׾ܣһֻǽ˸ϣΣ
۾ʱһƬ죬ŭޣ׼Ҫ췴Ѿ˵׼ɹñ˸жɹٺ٣ҶȻͻʥδأ֪λƵܹܲ£
ҶЦҡҡͷүһ⺺רȺ󣬳ɾʹСȫԣ¹ȫ޹ϵλ֣Ϊأ
Ҷ˵ļǡΪ׵һӵվ˳ĬȻֵҶ־Ȼܹͻؾ磬ʵԸ߾Ҽֵȴһֱǻ⵱ʮѽҶšҵҲ
λڸҲ˼ѿı飬޵籾һʵ͵еĵطϸ꣬书粻ˣӦʥǰԳǣԶڼ˵˶ҶȴǺˡ
Ҷľ֮ߣȫ磬ܹɾھĸ֣֮ԴХлҲô⡣
Ҷ赭дصλܹͻҲʵˣΪηҪ֮


182 Ĵڣ
֮кȻվһݵĺҶ˹
ʵҶ֣ɾѾ˳ĲƻͼɣӦɽ뾹Ȼ۶֮ҶǺǣǴ˻ҪˡХȻڣܲôˡ
ǺοɡҶ޾ɫаޡ
ڸһʯ޾ıԣոպˣҲˡ
ڵķ緶ȥв޴ġ
λã˼ɫ˲ɫɴŮӣΪͷʸ߹ľɫŮӲüЩҲǵģҪˣα߶߶ȥ˵ͣɨ
ʥŮ֪ԵһӣؿڵҪ֪ǵĶѾʼˡ
ô֣ǷܹƽԱߵҶѯʵһλھĸ֣ɾ֮·һնǧգޱȣλǹ֮еٮٮߣ縺һɵ٣Ҳôڴˡ
һʱĬȻ˵־ᶨȻ̩ɽҲɫģ϶縺ɵ˥
Ҷɫ䣬صϺҽ֣϶Ҳˣɣλһ֣Ҷһ˽žǣǰˣҲǾ£Υ˵ŵԣȥҲ㶪˰ɣ
ɫĬ
ҶɫȻâȻˣ͵˳ⳡ˭ΥôҶɱɽţһֻһҲ㲻ҵı£
һΪ̴е
Ϊ׵Х̾Ϣһ
˶ʱһݣȴ̴ϲ֣ɲҶ½ʥܹùλڡҶһϰ̾;ɢԼҲܹ˳λ
Ϊ׵Х˻һۣ˴˾¶˾ģͬʱ˵ͷãλҲܲһʥҲǶԳˣҶİˣҲ̾ߣӴ˲ٹʻʳ顣
˾ͺãλְɣҶ̧һ£ڿһƮȻǰֶ
˻ʹһɫΪ׵Х͵ذһХ֮£һӰҶȥչǿɱС
Ҷһ֮£ȫۺȻ޷Զĳξ˿ˡ
ͷ棬ȻȻתۼЩһšȻһ쳣ִһͷһͷ롢һͷ֣צس˹ȥ
˾ȵǣҶڷӰٶϱȻ˿Ĳҹؼ汸
ѵʥΪжʱһɼĸоˡ
ʥڸ𣬾ڸֵʥڵȴǻ⼸һ֮£צãһûʲôˡ
ȻûʲôȴҪ⣬ԸڸֵʽȴǴ´ˡ
Ҷܹаȭ⣬Ҳֻݻֶѡ
Х֮£ӭһͷħ
ХӭһͷͼһٻȻٻҶ֪ҶӰȴȻ಴鵶ˮһ㣬಻ƾ˵зεң޷֮һٻ
ҪǣӰ裬צ֮䣬ֱײȭߣȻзȣһʱ侹ȻХסȻ޷ȥҶ
Աߵ˴˿ҲǱһͷħסˡ
ڶս֮УȻʩչͬзӦԣؼ汸ʽͷȴͷκݶƥҶ0ʥݻħҶΪģȻȫͬĴ򷨣
Хشһȫӿ糱Ͻһ㣬ָӥһ㣬ݺݲͷڣȻ˫ַһ֣ӴȭⲪȻ跢˳ȥ
ʯ֮䣬Ѿתǧʽַ
飡һȻػɢ˿
úãûֹҶĵڣһֱλõҶκһݣӰһ㣬һ׵糸
һƷ·յĿ龡ˣһɾ޴Х
úãХҪ̽һ漴һ̧һ֮£ҶϵȻΪᣬǧ˿һ㣬һٲס
ХӶ֮ҰʱȻŤ仯֮£ñޱȡ
顱һͽХˣҶһֱƣһ
ҶֻöһֻƷ·̽һ㣬ؿһ
һعڣȻתۼͻǧ˿ưѸٵӿڡ
Х۵ؿѪ˳ȥֻڿеĻһһŵ˸ͣżţͼҶڵ⿪
Ҷܹջ಻찵ȴͬһ㣬һմ֮漴ͻǧ˿ƵڣİȻ·ӵԼ˼һ㣬ýƻޱȣХתֿʱ˿ȴǿܣ򹥣ȴǼѡ
һ찵ȻХζ޷׻⣬Ȼ
ҲʶˣҶѾˣֻҪֻХ̾ǵе³ˡ
ĵڣҶʮεĻܹɱˡ
ͬʱΪХб֮£ҲͬʱתǿɱУҶһȭҵغ˹


183 
ǻ𣿡Ҷһ̧һ֮¡
һһƬǽӦȭ𣬺ᵲ˵ȭ档
ȫȭֱǽ棬ֻһܸǽӦȥ˴ʧɫæֺȴΪʱǧ˿㴥ֵѸٲһɾ֮ǵӲú˼
ֻһɲǼ䣬ʤѾȫˡ
Ҷٻζ֮£һȭŹ磬˾ܡ
飡飡飡촫ͬʱѪ˿
Ҷ˿С
ɫҰܣڽǹѪһ򵹵ХƬ֮վɫȻָ˺󣬵ͷлҶ飬˴Ѿܵķڷȥ֮󶨵ɽţչǱ޾ǡ
Ա߹սĳԼ۾Ͷ䣬͵ףХ㣡˴ǮȻҸӣ
ү·ս֮ʵҵѾҵǰүԵѾǾ£ټХɫ䣬ųү⣬ҲһסүȫСҲǹ黹үĶˡ
ХתͷҶʵҶΣ
ҶֶȻ֮Ī֮Ī˼䣬ȥɴԾ
Ա߱Χŵ̫۾ѩ
ǻۣ᲻֪ҶΪ˸ȨʱҶ¶˸м֮ɫ漴վһȵλҷģȻ췴ȴǹ壬Ͼп֮²ỵ˳Ȼʵֻܻ꣬ȥ¶ȻüλΥģ
ԣԼȿҵҲӣүҶౣأҵȾʹ˱Х˶һۣʱĻһ漴һХתͻһ̣ʧããҹɫ֮С
׷ڶɢ˸Ҳ׷Զݶȥˣֻʧǵĳһ˹վԭء
㣡Щ쵰һû˹ȥЪ˹ؿҶԹͲʡ
Ѿûˣβͣ֡Ҷɫƽص
䣬ԶȻһɫĹâһĳХȻݶˡ
˭˵ûˣҶСӣӿǻأһĳХˡ
һ۵ĴѸޱȵ˳֮Уһ޺޴ĳХɨķ𵴵ΧʿǶᣬ漴̧һƾҵػ𣬴һһӿĿҶƻ˹ȥδǿѹѾѹõʯ˿
Աߵĺɫ䡣
ȻҲǸڣ
ֻХн׾ڲͬǣȫһ̤۷徳磬ͻʥĶڸ֣
Ҷֻ̧֮£һִ޵Ӵ׳ᣬһ߰Ѹٽٸһ֮½Ųٵֱ۸ؾסˡ
˵ĵС㻹ǰŪٺ٣ΪܹԸôٹЦѣ⣬ʹֱִһ֮£ֱϵʱ˿
Ҷô˻ᣬƾŲʮһоȻûܹ˵ˡ
ոһλڵĶսҶʵķ˲ٵҾָܹķѵȴһʱָܹ۷ġ
ԭǲǰӶûм㣡Ҷһ㣬ڿת죬һ赭дػشһпѸòɿ˵ʱ𣬽Ϊһ˺֣
̧Ļдκһ㣬һƿ֮£һЦҶСӣ㻹ǵ˵ĻҾһĴۣҪúִңոտǼϲģӾѾܲҲʲôƨԼʹظһ
һ꣬ǰԾȻ˿δģѹЩȻ󡣡ҶһЦͶ֮䣬⣬һȦһȦӿ˹
پͶ֮䣬ȻҶ鶯˫һһƵķ֮䣬ȴ̺ϵĽ˵սͬȫΪԼٶȷӵ˼£Ȼȡơšָ硢⡢ϥȵȵλã籩һ㣬䲻͹вж̺ϴ
֮£ҶǿƵĻֵڲٵת֮£Ȼû˿ã׷׵ɢ˿
ȻԸոǼ˵ֶΣڲٵȴû˿Ч
Ҷת֣ƶǶ˫زһȭơָץӰָצ䣬ƿգ·Ļ磬̫ˮһ㺭ķ֮䣬֮УͷһֱľУԼɼ֮Χơ
ٽЦ֮󣬹ͷȫת֮£һ쳣ִĹ
ҶطһĳХͷ̵״˿ͷϵ׷ˡ
̱ûڵøɺԭҵĹƽ仺ʱ˿̣оϢȴǽ΢΢
ڸ֣ȻûеҶ֮ľ磬ȫǾƥոԵظо˷ԲʮڵζȻԼͬһɶҶӿ˹ȥȴ˿ȡһǰ㡣
ڵò䣬ؿʼһһ˥
ٵɫ


184 ʥŮ
Ȼͨȫеľ磬ϣܹͨؾɾ۷𣬵ȴҶ׵ʥв磬ҶзǻȻһ壬Բ©ٸеľǣҶȻѾܹͨԪΧγһռˣ绷ѹȡؾ
Ȼһʱ̣޷ֳʤʱһ̫ˣپͽоڵʱЩ벻еЩˣ˳֮£Ҷȴʼղһһֵȡʤ֮ơ
ҲݱܿҶķâζȻûУǴʱѾʥҶз쳣տʲô򷨶֮£ʶ˸޷ҶУֻһȭһŵҶʵʵӲƴӲ
̣ᣬȴܻԽҶȻ߳һֺȻǰһǰƣһɻ״籩˹ȥ
һϢ·һƬëһ㣬ӡٵؿڣû˿죬ؿڵ·ȴǴ˿
ࣣؿڶسһ״Ŀն¶ļʵһ״ĵӡ
ƴסˣؿҶֿ˿ؿλõ״Ŀ׶
ѾˡҶ̾Ϣһ
ΰزһ£Ȼһģվ˽ŲҶȻſ͵³һѪѪҺ֮мһĶѾ࣡
Ա߹սĳҡ
صɵڵϣؿһһȴǶʱһĨǿҵĲʼ֮ɫ
ոҶһƵᣬʵѾھĸȻǿڵܹϴǿȴû˿Ļԣû֫
ֻвʥ֮ڵıԣʹܹܵһЩ˺ҲܹѸ޸֮ſ飬ǿޱȣǲ֫ϱҲܹ
ҶȻ̾Ϣһǰվҵ
ǵġҡˡٿŻڴڵѪصҡˡϧҴӡСˡô࡭ȴ
ҪңոգʵֲãǾôأҶǿҵĲʣ̾Ϣһصɽ׸ģƣԸִֿţƾʲô书жڻͨⱾѧȾͻʥĹؼǿ񣬶ԼģȴܷգУҲΪ档
ˡҵľҲϸվǡˡټһ־³һѪֽȻһЦÿЦһ³һѪ״ޱ
ǰһָ㴫գȻ㣬ҲԸɱ㣬ܷŹ㡣Ҷɣֽʮ˴Ѩص书ѷϣҶҵׯ԰ϰɣҶеؾǧʮ˾Ĳ˵ܴЩʲôָܹҲ˵
㡭˵棿۾ˢѩڵ
һбҪƭ𣿡Ҷְļϣ಴ߣȻЦߣſԲ飬ԲϾ಻ڣ֫ϱ۶޸ЩĴʲôǰѧܹݵһҲ˵
ߣ𣿺ãããҶȻǹ䣡ѹ֡Ϊ֮ߡңûء˻ƣڽһɹѪϷһ⣬漴ЦҲһǿӲӲκ˵ͷˡҡȴԸܣˡˡ
Ҷеľǿ֮ɫ̾ϢǰҲˡ㣬ֻǳǷծѡ
ɽ׸ıƣֻҪһͷҶͻˡȴΪԸΥԼıԣȻˡ
㲻ΪԲûǷʲôҵ㡭ΪˡʹһսʱգѳٿڽѪȻ̾ϢϧӡվǸĲˣҵġҲۼɾͲʥ
Ҷ֪ǿ϶ѡ˵Ľ֣ĬȻΣȻ̾Ϣ㡭ʲôԸɾˡ
ʲôԸ૵صµȻԡ
ȻףʮĳԺ֮Ŀ
һȻ˺ܶõĶ죬أ̹̹վѧʶ㣬խδ̤һ
Ҷ̾ϢαԷƱأ˵ˣ˵ǰһǻĶ־ҲҼݷģǰ˸ҵıԣֻͲؾˡ
ǺǺǡ˵úãһǲ䣡еñʧڹЦü佥չ˿춷ض˶Ӿǲ
Ҫ˵ЩʲôһѪӿʺ֮Уͫ׽ػɢʹȻţǡ
ȻѿҶɫȻ
ڵľ磬Ҳֻܹסɢѣʥ־磬ɢ಻
¹ˮپɵڴ˵أѾȻš
ҶƬ̣̾ϢһվĤһȻḧƽŭĿԲ۾
Աߵ̫̾Ϣһֵ̧ˣλʦ̧ȥѡһأɡ
ӦжҶ̧˶ٵȥˡ
үʱ㻹ôҶֱ졣
ҶȻŭΪһ֮˽Ȼ£ʹ㣬֮кȥȻʣ
ϻ˵û䣬ûȫ䣡˻Ҳ¸㣬ѾϽˣѾ񾩳Ⲽ˹ƶԪȻôǾƴһͬھɣ
ȻȵʥŮ㻹ȴʱ


185 ܸ
дһƵ̾һ˫Ӱӻӿ
ҶתͷϬ·㡣ϾؿľʥŮ
ľʥŮɫɷס
ʥŮϴεĽѵ˵ǷأҶصĵĵСҲ쳯ʩչүȥˡ
ҶɽһѹʥŮҧ´һĨŭ⣬ڸոҶʥ֮ƣȴ˿
˵ҶʥˣһλھĸҲһܹܵġ˻壬̻ͨȻŹƶ֮Ա࣬ȴǺиֳûһֱѹأûгͷ֮ա
Ҷ˫ĿⱬȵʥŮиֻҶĳ֤ʲô˼Ҷĳ̾ܽɱŲţ
ʥŮ𽥵ɽתΪƽˣһѳĹâصȻţȴǾɽ˵ĳޡ
ʥŮھɽΪҪܳ˻ˮ
˱ҲһɢɳǴɱɱЩ֮ˣҲʥŮһĨ֮⣬ص£Ϊ˴֮ʣȴòҴǰⱧѳ֮ȻȫڴˣҲҪǴԪˣ
˵ĺãΪǱѳ֮ܹɹôҶǷһ˿̵Ц⣬ص
ʥŮصҵΧѾǧƣֻһ񾩳˶ữŧѪ
ڳе˶һ¶ֵɫеĻʸ֪˵Ķ֮
̫ӴȵʥŮյ˭˭ǣʱҪȥ̸ˣǽ֮ѾǴý㣬һŤתģһ仰ȥջвãǻǾһҰھַأǧһǹȻǳڶ˵ɱȴǶϾǾһĵͳ
ʥŮԾǿȴǽҧ´Ĭ
ɣˣǴġҶؿڵ
ʲôģʥŮҶ
ʥŮóĹƳҵ̷ȥҶصұǰһȫʦҪ˻شɽУұ֤֮ڣ̤һ
̫漴ҲҲ֤֮ڣһһɽ
ǰ̤һľ׵ӱ쳣£ڵأһŹֵƣãҾԾɽʮ֮ģҶһ𶾹ƽҴɽʦ˻شɽ֮ھ̤һΥģҰһʦͳʹ
˵꣬һ˰׵֮УһͨС棬̧СԴ΢΢䶯š
ƳǴɽĽ֮Ǵɽʥ棬ͷͽʳɫ£һֻ˽ɫƵյһֻףصҰһʥȻд⣬ι㣡
áҶ˵ͷſһ֮£ֻס˸С
һ֮Ҷ̾Լ뻯
ˣһɹɺȾڵ
ѲʥԴԴСת֮£һѾıڵشǿһӿ˳һ䵽̾ͽΧ
ĶԣΧ޲ľ
ҶɫһݣȻ̵ֽ̧ӡһͷϣתۼͽһ̣
ͷĹǿľˣתۼڴ漴һ˿˹һѾסֻ
Ȼ֮δܹѹùľ֮顣
ҶͷϽ߳˺ˮͷ̺һ𣬻һ޴ӰҲǽΣ𽥻û˳ɿΧת
һȻûһȦȦĵ绡ʼΧӰƸݡ
Թ۵˿Ҷôĳ޲֣񾩳ǵİոǸߺ겻ѡ
Ҷ͵ſڣһһĴָϸĽɫϸߴӿ˳ڹɵǰ
µѾûϢȻǱɢеһʶˡ
Ҷɫףʮָ΢΢ţֻµĺˮѾʪһƬƬ̣Ȼſ͵һīɫѪ
ʶʶ֮УֻľӤһ㵭غľӤȴӿһɹɰɫԴԴĸ֮УȻִӸɶ½ľӤһһεų˳ȥ
ոһīɫѪҲڶԪ³ģľӤľ֮飬СС֮˺˵ġ
ʥŮѾˡҶ̧Ĩȥ˿ڽǵĺѪص
˵ӢȻʥˡʥŮһ˫һգҲգؿҶɫҰܣĿƬ֮󣬿һΧĹʦʦ̾Ϣ߰ɡ
ʥŮ£ԱߵһżסʥŮʥڿ϶ȫѹڵĶѣǡ
ߣԱߺȻ˺𵴵΢΢
ѵھǰµҲΥ𣿾ˣʵðãʥ𡣡ɴ漴˽Ľһ̾ЦҲ֪쳯ϹĲԻ߲ʣǻǷؾȥɣվǵ°ˣеĹƳ沼ã
֮ѾһĨԱߵĹһ뻶ϲһǣҲͷɥѣ׷վȥˡ
תһ̣һĨ֮ɫͷ亹ҶŲ֮ʣգգ۾
˶ʮֻ¶һĨ΢Цˡ
ԼҪȽµĹƶܹȻ뿪
һȻֶκݶһʥŮµԶŵԵġ
վԭأӵ˹֮󣬽ȫ¶˸š


186 ǻ
ŰʦǾµĹƶ֮Ѿ徲ࡣ
ɢ׷˼³ֻ÷׷еı»ʳˣԴԺ޷ֺķ
Ҷվ˰ΣŰŮǾ뿪֮ҡҡλεվȻһģЩˤڵء
ҶæǰסҶе磡ôˣ
Ҷɫתףת࣬۵һٴ³һںѪɫ䡣
Ҷ֣ˣĻżʵ
̫áҶҶţɫ쳣ĻҰܣЦͬСɣȻѾס˶ӣҧˡ
ڳ˴ʧɫҶɫǴ䣬ʧ磬ô㲻ʥ𣿡
ҶҡͷЦɵСӣʥҲ޵еģͷ˾綾֮⣬֪˶飬渽꣬ҲһѹƲסˡ
˵ɫ벻ƾȻӵֵز
λҲΪҵģʥ֮컯дһ٣อͨ͸Ҫչذգסƣһһεų޸ˡҶḧؿڣɫƽصڣ͢ѶӣȻִƽҳֻסʩ¡ɴ󶨡
лҶָ㡣ĻɫأһɫصҶΪ֮£Ҷֶౣǡ
ҷģ΢ˡҶ΢΢˵ͷҶĲ֮£תȥ
˵֮⣬û֪Ҷ֮ǰͺͰʥŮһ׮ף̫Ӵ游챦˷ʿĽ飬ʮɽİг֮ҩȡִ˵еĶʹʧ֮챦ʵ۲Ȼŭ֮ɱʮɽʹð˲أ壬˾ͺʹԳ췴ֻǸһ̾ȺӿʥŮѹҲѹȥ
ʥŮΪߣȴ֪ԭ޵ɵЩǵʵǶôĿֲԼĹƶ֮Ȼݣԭͳɵһȣѻʯ
Ҷ֮˾ȸԼһΪȡһ档
ڶ֮󣬴ǻڶ೯ӵ֮£ǻΪۣΪ侸ۣ£ҲҶΪ̫Զ󽫾»ϽҶΪ̫ʦϹڸѧʿ׸飬ҶĸҶΪҶҶϷ˱Ϊ˳ˣҶΪ֧ĻӵĸҲ׷׶õʹ͡
ںϵļңҲˣȻͲ࣬˶зݡ
¼֮ĹҶȴ侸۲ʦ䶨
ԴϲĽԴϲԴ˵ȻҲǽԴˡ
׵ĳӣһ˸У׶٣һųǧ
֮УսȴЩڸץĽ죬ų֮Ŷһ
౻вȸϷż壬һŷû֮ĲƲ˹֮УҲϷһ˵һʲƣȴ֮Ҳգ˵ˣҶҪڹٳȨλϣ̼֮ģŴȴǸ̼֮ǧ˿ƵĹϵɴ˿ɼʵҲûþʦҽ˻ʵ
ֻһ⡣
ڻʸҵһִѹ֮£Ҷĺܲҵϼ峤ϵһ屻նɱӴ˳ʽ΢
ҶΣʱЩҶϵҶ֧һϵ壬ƾүү֮£ҲסҶҵϿһɾڼһŶ䵽˱ԶʡЩϵҶ壬Ŵ֮ڲΪ١
һ֧Ҷеϵ֮Ӵ׸ļʱµֻ־ᶨҶϵľӢӵˣ¶ʱûȻһ£·˻Ͳˡ
ʱ˼·ң֪һӴ׸ļ֮󣬾ͻܶฯ֧ܵӵܵģǾϳҲǽϴһ顣
ЩǲᶨҶ֧ǰ׶ʧ֮⵽Ӧеĳͷ

Ҷһ·Ҷ㱳߻˼֮һСȫը˹һ㣬Һؾۼ˹Χ
һ˼ſڣҶվɫ糣
ߵ⼸գûˣҶеѯʵ
ҶϹܼҿŴүû£漴˿ûаһλŮӴʮ֣һֱڸ⸽ػء
Ҷ̾˹ɴǵҶļİΣ֮еĸǰˡ
̵ĸĸ˹ϵһһҵطסҶ
ҶϼᶼˣʵҪҪ
İɣû¡Ҷֱͦḧؿڣοʵͺ͹ӹͨˣ岻ΪԼȡһЩѣûʲô͢Ұģոֻһ˫ϷԸһ̨¶ѡ
ҶһˣǾͺãһĹƶ֮ȻһʩչҲǷǳĿֲʸʮǰ˰һζ֮£˴Ҳǹ
һ
ͬʱȻһɫӰزסɫӰһһ嵽Լǰ
Ҷ˵˶㡭ôˣɴæס̵ص
İɣһֱܺáҶֱۡ
תΧ֮ɫˣɿһȰˣɴ㻹ûҵء
ɴһξֳ棬ڶ༫۹ע£ʱ޴
ɫ鲻Խغ˺죬Ҷ£漴תҶҶɴĸ
ãúӣôõĹҶ۹ⲻҶϿ󷽣ӺݲŮȻԼĴϱжʱ¶ϲ֮ɫû˵ʹԼߣһʯЩ֪ɴ
ŰɣֻǷġҶɴֻ
лĸɴʱߺ΢΢˵ͷֻ˹Ҷָ֮£Ҷ֮еߴð˴ͳͳضһ飬ɰѸɴĲС
Ǻǣò˼죬ĽˡҶЦ۽ƶչˣסֵɴҲãþͰǵٰһ£ºҶ˫ϲˣҹɡ


187 ħ֣ħν֮ʥ
šɴ̬ЩߣҶŻص˷֮С
Ҷ֮УжҶҶ㣬⸸˼ĬĬغȾƳԲˡ
ɴҶϺӲǴԼķһҹ𻰣Ҷ֮еļҶټڹָܼʾ֮£Ҷװϲ
ɴʱ֮еĳģѸԸЩƧЩ鲢ãҶȴŮ
ҶһƵ˱еľƣȻ̧ͷ𣿡
ҶҲڴؿҶ
ʥ֮Ѿܹһ˥Ͳ֮ͣУԵұдһ١Ҷһϵɫȥ΢ЦĸȻĲȥܸǹ˶һθ޳ڵĺȺ֮Ҷһڼʲôźء
ҶжȻһǰһҶ֣ߣǻԭ¸ף
סҶҡҡͷЦףΪȻҲ޺⣬ҸΣĸҲѾˣһžˣʲôǿأףмǣ˴үү;үү֮⣬ҶһӵĴֻܷ֮ŵʡΪ٣߼̳볯Ϊ٣Ҷһףˣ踺ضˣںȻ·ҲӦΪ˸˲ǡ
ҶһסеỨصͷģΪзִ硣
Ҷ磬׼ʲôʱ뿪
̫ġҶļͷһӣȻһЦҪ˻£ͼ˾һۣǼһ֧Ҫ֧ȥˣܣҪǡΪʥȴǺ˽ģҪΪһЩС
Ҷһ֮£ȴǴϲҶҶϼ֮аѵһֵʥĶܲȥ
ҶæŲϲõڶҶǣЦһ
˴ɴȻˣô˴ξͲһ£¿¾ҪһˣԴҶϽ鹬ļŮ֮󣬾ҶסҶ㾹Ȼ˶ۣ˴Ҷ㱻֮󣬾Ҫ׼ˣҲҶһϲ¡

ҶԺڣ鷿֮С
ڵƹ磬Ҷڰֽϻ磬һٵֽϻתۼһƪȻΡ
ɴͰվһԣΪĥī֭ؿʡ
ҶԴ֮󣬵о𲽵֮£Ҳ˵һ̫үүҶĿˣ̫үү֮Բսɱ书ֻһЩ֮ǵҶһʧ˼ķ֮󣬴Ӵ˾ͻķҶҵ֮
书ڵĵӾմȾǵëҶϵȨƣԼز뿪ʱֻڹķһЩƼ򵥵ĵĹѡ
ȡ֮ᴫմɱ֮Ҫ֡
ʵϣЩڹķֻҪ֮ͬҲǴۺ书ֻҪԶһЩһЩ书ɳֻҪһ̾һˡ
ҶܣҶȻ뾭ѵµ֮ȴһֱδķϣŻͻʦľ硣
ߣ˼ܣҶҵڼҹǿ
̫үүҶջǱŷˮ뷨񹦲Ҷ֮С
Ҷһλʥ±ץסѱҲںץѱ
Ҷϸ룬һھʮʽ幦ֽҶӵķԵ޸һ֮ŷķص֮С
ԾһҲ
Ҷ󶶶֮£ʻһ֣һ˱Աߵɴһˮϴһ˫֡
Ҷ̧ͷɴЦʵɴҪˣǲЩš
ɴ糺죬һ˿ϲɣȴ΢΢˵ͷŮ˵ĵһΣӵġ
Ҽ̫ܻ࣬е̫ӦġҶϴϴ֣Ц
Ů˵ȴһ£ҼȻѡ㣬ôκεļ趼ӱܣοأɴҶļͷϣǷһ˿֮ɫ
Ҷһ֣Ȼͣһ¡
ˡ
ſڲԶȻһؿǺɴ΢죬˿ȥˡ
˵꣬˷ţ˳ȥ
¶˺ĽýӰһ˫ڰ׷ϸԡ
ˡҶ̧ۿһۣ漴صƻָΣ
ûȬҲסˣ벻Ҷֵĵ书ȻҲ֮ߣͻھ˰ɣĬȻƬ̣Ҷ֣һս춯أܹʶһλʥֶѾǳֻؼһƿȴ޷򡣡
ҶЦһֱͻƲ˾磬书һֱͣǰĵز
סҶתھ͸ʾһ飬δڲʥһ׶Σܹܲ򣬾ҪԼˡ
һݣһĨɻ֮ɫ漴ЦһҲҲʥ֮鷳
˵ΪʲôһֱͻƲ⾳أҶеᣬЦһ֪ʲôʥʥҵλѾںʥͻϵȺˣһλʥڴԲħ֣ħصͻʥ磡
ĬȻվеĳô˵ҲᵱɫҶ˲Ķ˵ȴһǰķ
ôһɿ˵ûбƿͻҪˡ
ϸҶָı仯


188 ɽ
ҶָϺȻһɫָ治ͣʱ֮£һɫе֮УȻһ㶹ľ⣬ʱ֮£ԭ˿˿翵㾫⾹ȻγһǵСС塣
ⱬ
沼ɫƷԲתĹһɲǼͱ任ֹ󣬳һ쳣ĸо˵˼ά任
ţ֮УһһľѸٴӿ˳Щ淽⣬ƸոһȴǴһּ̡ءϽϢ·һλϽѧĴһ㡣
Щ𽥵һ𣬽ؾôһϸܾµԵüƥ
ɫԵụ̈βһ㡣
ֻ˾ĹⲨ棬ֻ˸任ĲСһЩѡ
Ȼ䣬Ҷָһ֮£һصž֮һž֮ɫڵһ֮ȴȻɢ˿ȡ֮ȴһϾľ塣
֮бɫ½Ѿɢˣֻʣһڴ׵Ķﲻͣ
ڡס
֮еĺڰ׶ͣͣţ·޵һ㣬ⲼǵľҲĥеľǣγһ⻬ԲӨӨǡ
꣡꣡·һ㣬һȫµ಻شö֮вȻϸ಻ƸգΧǷľȴǽرڻ˿
жؾâʱ˼֮ˣеʯոһе̡
ˡôꡣȴãˡ
ãվҶؾϹһ漴̧֣صصҺڴģһղͻʥɽ磬ػҶһգΥģ𣡡
Ҷصû㻹ʲôֻŵԶѡ
֪Ҳ˼̫ˡޱ飬صҶҸóеΣӴ˾Ҵеˣ˵Ȼ
ֺαٸԼӰأҶ΢Цҡҡͷʵÿ壬ͬһһ㣬гڣ֮ڣҲ˥֮գһ˳Ȼͺˡ
Ȼ̾һôһʵںܲʹ죬ͷҲͨ֪Ƿ˼仹ˣ˼ʱ򻹲ģôҷɽ֮ٻɡ
ðɣҾһˣԺ޽ټˡҶЦЦ֪ڵţ޽֮µ˼䴫µɣҲɵʮ֮һ
Ҷıϲ쳹ۡ
ȴǰ£Ҷ̾Ϣһ
ԱߵɴȻ糺

ҶҸۡƻͨ硣
˿ѾǳʱˣҹϮˣҶ˿ȴȻ죬ԺǰԺŵƽʮ֡
Ҷҵϲ²ûдٰ죬ֻʮҵĵμӶѣһʵҲ˴ĽƱɴǻԻһھ˵ķš
߽˸֮˾ǿʼߺ
һأ
ݸã
޶԰ݣ
붴
˾ǽһҶͷһ£̧ͷһ¶еĸĸ
ҶϺҶµӣϲˮ̲ס
ҶϣȻǲᣬȻ֪֮ҶͻԶ뿪һ̣޴ϲûǳ嵭е֮࣬ҲɢյжԹԹ
ҶתͷһԱͷϼɴִ̧Ա˳Ӹĸͷˡ
Ҷ˺ƣס֫𣿡
ۡɴĵҡҡͷĻǿǷЩ᲻ء
ҶҡҡͷȻעҪ𣬵ܹ֮ϲ˵뿪ҲǸԼͼ֮䣬׻һԲľ˰ɡ

ϼ֮е֮֮Ҷ漴ͷصˡ
߽֮кƽںһ죬ӺЦӦԣ̬г֮⡣
ֻǴҶ߽֮Ŀһת֮£Ȼ̧۾ؾͶ˹
ҶپΧĿռһϣǰ·޾Ļþ·һĿռ֮һ㣬ǰֻʣӵһ˫ͫһ㡣
ǰ˿ۣȻһλߣһһλʥ
ҶȻһݣֻһȻܷȫĿռ䣬ѵʥΪĸ𣿡
΢΢һڣΧĿռʱˣָֻʵ֮ˡ
ϾҲǸʥʥСҲƲˣǾĻȥˡ
ã಴ȻӸ͵Ҷ΢΢һ
ƽ洺ָŵһӺݵӵҶݼһ£λʹǰġ
ҶݼϽǰҶǰһ
Ӵصͷ˵ʣǲ½ôһˣҲ˳ƺңҲֻһȵİˣҽг֮ҲǾҪʦֵƺˡ
ƽ̣˵ھҲǿ޽𣿡Ҷƽ̣ʵ
ƽʧЦһ̾ҲԸ⣬Ͻ֮ھֻǿܣҲһֱδɵԵʣΪѳȻҪɵֻҲ̫ĳɾͣڴ˶Уѡ
ǵΪײΪţıˣôһʹ߾ȻʥΪɼϽͨɵǶôǿˡ
ҶڵʥΪֻϽһʱҲõ̫ˡ
Ҷסɴ֣ɴ
ɴ֪Ҷ˼һЦ˹Ϊһ½󣬵޷Ҷ¾񾳽ѾԲϾްͻڼľ飬ͻʥҲڻˣϽ֮۵Ѿ̫Զˣıذɣ̫ǹҡ


189 
һĽɫӰӻգֱȥˡ
еʱҶľǳԼϵƿܹ˲ĻظҩɴЩװܹѸͻھ硣
ֻҪͻھ֮ʾͿǿ޽ˡ
޽гվ˽Ÿ֮͵͵طɴӻˡ
һ·׵ĸ߿֮ҶȻоͷ΢΢ϣŨ֮˺¡¡һ׻㡣
ķ֮£ҶҲıĿˣȻѾʥΪˣȴ޵ߵɷǣһ˵ĳˬʣҶ׽Ŀ֮˺ɷǵĿҶ̸֮֮以Ѿչ˳ֵܵĵزˡ
һһ֮ȴ쳣ã½غʵȴǲһش͸ֻ֮輸֮£Ϳ֮ˡ
ʱƣ޽֮ûôֹˡ
̫ҶѾ΢΢оβЩӦˣЩһ֮£ͷ϶ʱ̵ȭ⣬Χܵȭ֮£ʼ׷ؾۼ˹˳ëףʼԴԴϵڣ˷Ĳ㡣
Ĳӿ֮£׻Ȼһ£һЩڽٹ̵ѪҲŶѹ˳
￴ҶëйĳĺɫҺ΢΢һüͷ漴ȡһŵɫķһգһ׵ˮͷѿͷˢϴһ飬ë֮еۻ֮ϴˢ˸ɾҶٸȫˬ͸ĵ˼㣬ÿһë׶ɵغ
漴ͳһŻˢһ飬ˮˢ˸ɾͨ͸
ȣҶſھҵؿһ³һŷƵ̵Ŭش˼ڴŸоˬ˼֡
ʲôҶеʵ
ֻ֮䷢ѰѣճõĶѡ΢ЦԺҲôһ׵ġ
ŨҶһ³Ѫ˿΢΢ЦϽ֮Ҳһиܵġ
Ǻǣ˰ɡζЦܵöˣʱǾͳˡ
ʵʥΪϽ֮УҲǱȽټģϽ֮ͻ쾳粻̫ѣҪͻھ磬ѶȴҪ½ʮͻʥǾ͸˵ˡȻصЩȻɽ糤󣬱ϾǷȱһݳȻȴǺܳˣ㹻ʱȥ򾳽ͻƣ׼ʥɼԴȽϸߡ
һƬĵҪҶڵ׼仹Ҫ򱶡ӳ洿ҲкܶෲˣֻѣʹİղҪɻʳеֻһһĴȽԭʼĲѡ
İǣɽˮ㣬ܳٳ徫ܹò˥
Ҳѹˣ޵Ϊʲôѣ㹻ʱ䣬Բκκη
ֻ޽֮ее书Դ˼硣˵޽֮ԭǿһģ˼еʿ޵޽磬ʹ･
һ߼ǰţһ渵ؽɽ֮еһЩ¡
ҶеѪǣ֮ѡ˼ҶҪĿΪ˴֮пͣҪĿ׬ȡ׶ȣٴҪĿģˡ
䷢µӰһı۴߷֮£ʥΪĸֿͨ硣
ǿ˴۵ĹܣҪ۵ľյ֮ȡһЩôŽ֮е
˵ҶЦԷǣһֱڳǵع⻷Ҳ߽˿ԭһͨʿˡ
ԭ˵޽֮˼Ҳûʲôˡ
кȻֵ֨֨һ̶Ҷ෭ڣ΢΢Ż¸о
Ʋ֮УһĨɫӰ֣ɿڵ۷˹
ãôôħ֣ɫ䡣
֮ſͷͨƤëϽƵħ֣һͷ󣬱ȴһǽڰĴβͣȴǴţһ˶Դƻڵ֮вʱһɻƼˡͷħֵĶѸ磬׻Ʋ֮ߣһ⣬βһ˦һ㼲һ˫צץ˹˸¸µعֽ
׻֮УﲻӲƴ̧һ֮£Ȼһտɫžһ֮£ηնƿ˹ȥͷּץһӣͽϬķնи˺˷飬漴ſ³һżǧ磬ҵ˹ȥ
Ʈƻζ֮䣬˫֮ӿ֮£˫ӶʮġնС˷˹ȥ
ͷ漴ӿһɵˣһ뻡״Ĺ֣﷢˷նнն棬׷ױһŵ
ȴ䲻ͷβһ˦βͼĹʼͷһ˶ĵ⿪ʼ
žһĵ˹ⲢôǿңյһɲǣȴǷ΢ž졣
ãۿųܲԱߵҶ䲻ݷײһȭ
꣡Ҷȭ綸ػһǿУһȭ˸ţؽ˿ˡ
׷ŭˣ֨֨۵ֽһ˫弫ƵĹץ̵ɫӿ״ĹβһǿĿĹâҫ
ҶȻѸһΣս̤֮£һ֮յرܿͷӭĵȻָ̧һ̽˺ͷĻһѾסͷľǣָ˾֮УʥȻѸͷڡ
ʱͷһ˻ƼزҽԭƥͬйƤһ㣬ش


190 ͨ
Ҷһץôͷȴʧȥȫսһ㣬ץһ˫ӹµµֱת
ʥ֮ԭ޼᲻ݵѾת찵ת⣬ת磬찵ֱ͸壬Ī⣬ƾͷսǿҲûá
ñ죡ҶְһΪΪأڿڵЩʥֻҪǿµؿͷһ޵治ʥΪͷʵ۷ʥһ˫צ˺飬ܹȥ磬Ȼסѹƽ̵·涨
ֹҶ漴ͽݸǳ⣬ͷ͸㿴Żɡ
ŻǾ̫ˡʱϲ漴˹ĽޣǲŽһⰡ
Լɽ֮һ󣬴ȡһȦģͷͷϣһ֮£ؾͷ֮Уͷʱί֫ƽƽſˣҶͳ档
ȻһʥΪҶȴܹоõľƺǴӡ֤ģ㾭˳ǧεѪսһһģսǿ־ûĥĵز
͵жҪʱĥģΨľΪȴǱҪɱĥϲУɱ٣ľԼᶨ
֣ͨеʥֺܶôҶ漴Աߵĳʵ
ҡҡͷڵʥֲ࣬Ҳǧ˶ѣƺûҶ˵һΪҶ书أǺǺǣڿȴǲˡ
ʵ㲻˵ҶҲܹݸ˾Ųʮˡ
ǻڰ֣һ׻Ҳһʵ޽֮ҲľֻҪܹĺܳԪǸ˵ˣȻˣôҪͻƾͺѣҲûǻʶ
޽֮棬ף׽֮㣬ҪǧܹɹȴǶڵе͸
Ա߳Ҷ˳˼֮Уһת漴ȵذסļҶ֣лĻǲһȥɱްɣı£ɱ޼ֱ練ƣҲܹ׬ȡĹ׶ˣΣ
Ҷҡҡͷʱһ룬ҵ书Ǵӷģ̫ĪҴѧϼƷ书֮˵ɡ
⵹Ҳˡ˵ͷ
ƺľͷԼɼȺɽֱıֱɽ壬ɽ沼ľµĹɽһƬƽԭһǳء
Լɺ׷裬লɵ緶
Ҷ̾һɵɰ
ͨˡָһǰĹḧһ
䣬ƺ֮кȻһ磬ƺ֮иһټĿ˳˹ȥ
˴ֲ֮£Щɶ˸͵һͷһһżױ
˭ŭ
ӭķɳ֮УԼʮɫƬĹŤƼ侪ˡ
ɳĪʦ֣оζȻһͦ
ͷһƣžı
ָһৣһżƵҵѹȥ֮е߮Ĺҽһ£ʱžش
ôĵӣ˸ҵɳ涸Ȼһŭ
Ҷָ̧һץ֮£΢΢̶ץãԲʮڵʱһٸسһ㡣
շʮ߷·һϵĴסһ㣬ļҶƶжشһձ𵴣Щ״Źֵ߱һ˿˷׷ɳ˵ϡ
ףȻ֣涸Ȼһɻ
ɳ֮лɢȥˣȻһɫӰ̧ҵһ֮£ҽɳƶʱɢȥˡ
˻ݵ˹̧ƤҶһ£ҶʱоΧĿȻһаݡ
˵Ϊڳ֮£ȻҲһλʥĸ֣
ĵҶɫݡ
ŭص˵ϵĳɳŭĪʦ֣Ϲ۲ɣʩչ
㲻ѾȥǸС𣿡Ʒ۵´ҶһۣȻЦһŶλǸӷʥǺǣҲô
Ҷһ赭дصǺǻո㲻Ѿˣ
Сӣǲңɫʱŭɳʱӿ
ҡҶЦһȭͷ΢΢һգ赭дص
Ŀ磬ҽһΧһӿԼ˷籩
ͨǸʵĵط඼вͨģԼһʾδƲˡ
ȻƲˣô˴֮޷ƽȶԻˡ
û˻߽ѣֻϲ׷ǿߡ
ҶϾʥĸ֣ǧٴɱƣܹ˵ġ
֪䣬һĨ⡣
Ҷ֣ǻǽȥƽ̰ɣ̫˲ãԺʱĻٺúддˡ￪ڵݺݵǻһۡ
Ҷ˵ͷҲһۣת͸˽ȥˡ


191 ƽ
ͨɵ֮ͨУǧܶΧɫϼơ
ǹˡָһ²Զͨ߰ɣҴ㵽ȥǼһ¡
ȥƽ𣿡Ҷֵؿ
ʱ˰ۣûصֻһССʥѣ֮ҲֻŵӶѣ滹в񾳵洫ӣƽ̿ǲ˵žͷƽʲô˰㶼ܼ
⵹ҲˡҶνصͷðɣȥϣ˵ɡ
ͬʱҶͳĶͬʱһºöǴ½ʥôͨʥɡ
ǡƽ̣ɫʱɷףæڵء
Ҷɣ¡·гֵһ㣬شĶС
Ҷһ˦۾ݣ߽˴֮Уʵʵشڵ£Ҵһڡ
˴֮кѩţŵש沼ǵĹ󣬻֮иһصζ
еλöһʮ꣬һѩ׵۵ӣͷǹڣƮ˫Ƽˡ
Ӹ˵ĸоһϸѧʦƣִһɵеƮݡһ˫ǳ۾·֪䣬ͽ˶˽ȥһ㡣
Ҷ߽ʱһ˫ϸ
Ҷ½꣬ǰݼƽ̡Ҷǰ
ӣвֹˣƽ̿Ҳôϣǻôŵûһ
ŵĵӣѵáѾˣŲŷһӡеķһĨͣҶһͷ½׼ʵףܹĵӣһдˣ컯
˵зһĨ廳ɫʵ뵱ҲǴŷģѾǧ˰ɡ
ҶѹƽҪӼԼôһСϺףԭȴڴˣҾȻ硣
ʥ֮ɹһħپ𾳣Ҫɹħ٣ɹħ֮񾳡񾳺ǽ𵤾𵤾֮Ƿླ˷ླ֮ǳϵĵ
ǧǰѾɹ˷٣Խ˵ΪνͨޱߣҲʥΪ־ġ
ºͣϸѯʹҶ̣ҶǺһһ˳¶ɫ΢΢׳ǡ
ҶʷǷʥ֮Ȼˣúаɣʣͻʥ𾳽ҲǲѣȥȡƣȥؾľУõУɵˡ
ҶݵףӶŬǱޡ
ֻҪ㣬ѯһ½ѣޱ˼Ϊƽ̣Ҳܹ˽֮ŵһ㣬ŵпʼ
ס
纬Ц΢΢ף˻ȥˡ
Ҷתȥˡ
ƽȻǵĸˣҶȴûиоһ˿ֲѹĸо
ƽǰܸоԼʲô¶زסһ㡣
֮еֶ಻ʤԼн֮࣬ʥжǧŰʮˣʥǧʮˣ֮⣬һˣʮˣͨĸʮˣĳϾǷླ֣߳ƽ̵Ϊɲ⣬˵ǧǰѾͻ񾳣ɾ͵ľͷ
Ҷ̤˹֮󣬳漴ͳ˹
֡Ҷе˻ΣЦЦƽ̸ոսӼң䷢ƣǺǣʦֵˡ
Ѿ֪ˡ漴һҶҶ֣Ҿ͵ΣһȦúøܽ
һжͳˡ
ʥĸֶŵˣȨڸѡһ羰ĵطһլԺҶϲиɽӵĵط˾ɵĵӣڵӸɽϽһլԺ
֮еĹҲвٵߡ֮£ԼլԺܿͽĦϣֻҪһžܹʵ쵴ߴΡĦɽٸкգĿ
ֻĽ̫ߣѰͨҪȥصԼլԺ֮жҪķһҶڲʥ֮ѾܹɵطȥôߵľѾˡ
ҶԺ˼Ȧ֮µһʯԱߣָ̧һԱߵֻһкȻ˵һֻץȴץһֻ˶ķС
ֻһչڿһ֮£зȻת棬һ˫ӲԷ
ҶЦЦ漴˷һףҩˣ˱ǡҶĵѾˣʱãһתۼͽӷ˸⣬ȻŻصʳ棬漴ݸͷһץӾͳ˹ȥ
ͷ񼫾ԣҲ֪ɵĻĻǣ÷ƳĶ
ιٻͣ޽֮Ǽ׵ޣҶȻʵ
У֮Ҳֻеͽ׵޶ѣ׻ħΪ塣ٻصܴûʲôֵø˵ģٺ٣еЩʥʵ㰡
ҲѹˡҶ˼֮Уصˣ˼飬ҵĽȻϬȴǷȱƷǿ֮뵽ؾȥ
УαѧЩĶٻͲмص
ŶҶЦһʲôܹĶڸң
̸ʵ޷ûôأ˵ˣҲûáٻɫ˵ȻѾǳ뻯ǿʼջʼն޷ﵽָͷӳǿĹûǧ򻯵ľ磬˵Ƿˣ㣬㻹ǵȰ˵
Ҷεصֻ̫Ҫˡ
ٻͲмصʲôϵҪһһڵĳԣҪһһذ죬ӵǳǺǣνǱѾԽ˲֪ˣڸв֪ˡ
˵ˣҲֻˡҶҡҡͷ
ؾɡ


192 ؾ
Լסլ֮ҶŸоڵųˡ
δ޽֮ǰΪ޽֮ж޳ʥʥڵأ뵽ô£޽Ȼ󣬵ֻһű׽򱶵ѣҲг䣬棬ḻ˴ǳٳ
޽У½֮ɵʥ֮Щܲ޽еˮ֮£Ȼų⡣
ЩųȻ΢Сս֮УͺпܻҶһֱеԼȫų⾡⣬ȥ˲ؾѡԼ书˵Ҳһͷհ˳ɵм֧ǧ㹱׶ȡ
ͨɵĲؾһ㶼Ʒжͻʥħ𾳵ĹҶ֪ʶѾüʵޱȣĹȻ
еĸ֮ḻ棬ĵӴһЩһ޶ʣͫǱЩ츳ʡ
ؾԺ֮Уʮֱֳľ񽫻ش˹һ˫˫ͭע
ҶԼĶͷ³һߵ˲ؾǰóԼõǰİ񻪱ϣһٶŽǷС
ΧľŻɢȥˡ
ؾڿռ伫޴зԲɣ洣һ޴ܣ˸鼮ܶǧľƳɵģɢܹɱڷ꣬ɹ¡
ǰĲؾŻߴɲ⣬һŸߴܴС
ŵʶԺĲؾ󣬸ڴص鼮Ǽ˽еѧרսƵеġжġģȵȸŸӦоС
ؾڵ书ֵĺϸ£ȭƲе󷿼䣬ÿ󷿼ϸµķ֮࣬⣬һЩѰɼġǩء֮ͬĵ飬浹ǶǻɬѶĹģǶѾϸע͡
Щ书ͼף书ͨƪڣȻƽʽͼһ
Ҷ˰ȭ⣬ټΪҲѾʥľ磬ǾѾ۷ľأٻһԵָ㣬书ѾһߵĲΣЩѧؼϿƻɬѶνͣȴǸѲֻԷһ飬ܽе˸˾Ųʮ
ͺñԼѾɽ亣ζηθڣѰĴѾζͬѾˡ
ҶҪľʵ
ϽƷ书нƷȫָˣƷĽ׵书ҪϿֻϵΪܹؾһ֮еĵõȫƷһ׵书
Щ书ѾǵɱˣߵԪͷ߱ɱ
ҶûѰߵ̬ʼնһһӡߣڴʵĻͬʱҲҪѧʶ
һƷ书ʼ
ߵϽһƷ书λãϸѡ
Ӱݡƽ˲ɱֵ綴ȭơơɽơ
⼸Ʒһ׵书ڱ˵ɹ߰Ĺ򣬵⼸ȴöӦҶȭ⣬ڵˮ׼µʱе˹ˡ
˵⡶ơȭ𵴿ʹ𵴣ޱȱҵ𵴱˼磬һƾĻܹһɽ𵴳촷ۡ
ߵǿԪ翣ɼȭƾ֮Ҳᱻɷ飬ʵƥ
־书ҲֻʥѾ߱˻ȭ⣬ܹʩչ
еķӰгзеľڣʥľϢͲҪٶȺˣݵҲͲЩǵרˡ
ϸɨһ飬ֱײ֮ͼ书࣬ҲǾеؼȴ٣´ӡϸ
Ǿ֮޽Ϊ˽һһϵر޸ָ׳ɵʮڣҽɡݽɡľǴͨ
Ҷ룬ת漴ִ߽鷨֮Уһֹ׶ȣʼ
ĵڶԪľӤڱµĻ֮̾ӵʦΪȴһֱûʲôڵľȻܹͨȡľ֮׳󣬵ͬģľӤţڵľۼĿ죬ɢҲ죬һֱǽ
ڶԪֻܹˣڵľ۶ɢɱ䣬ǿɾʥΪ
޸֮УҲΪľˮ֮С
ҶլԺеλãһŵɫĹڿеתš
ľӤȻȫһ㵭ɫĹâλôȴǽγһűӯӯĹţһɫɫ̫һҫ۶Ŀתݡ
Ҷһԣ۾ͷľӤı仯
ºˣƾһľ񵤾ڵľʧٺ٣ʱ֪ͻʥֻ֮ʲôأ֪ľӤľͷųľʲôأҶжʱһɲƵ˷֮⣬˷ֱֲܵѡ
̣̣ľӤڵıԴľݻľľʼҳײһޱȵľ֮£سײ˿˴ִľ硣
ڵһѸٱͨˣľӤȻʹ
Ҷֺ̧һָľӤ۵СһţһŵɫĹņɫԱǿ˶ĸʯ˹ȥ
¡һ΢ıʯȻϢؾͻһ촷ۡ
˻øСȻҶĿɿڴؿʯһͷľӤˡ


193 Ʒ书
˻ط磡裡
Ҷں֮趯˫ƣ˫Ƹᣬ߮һ㵱趯ݣ˺ӱʮƷ֮£ͣ
Ҷ˫ֺȻһб£׼ĺҵһ
ΧĿ·һ˲һ㣬ˮ֮бɰԵƥĴ˹һţƾ֮£Ѿһˮ״Сˮתݡ
ƣҶ߳һ̧һƴ˳ȥˮ֮ˡ
ըҩһ㣬֮ըѳһҵزơ
ˮȻըѣˮ黯ϸߣһϬףȻϷžžӲʯϣȻЩˮ鶼ϸСĿˡ
Ʒ书ȻҶ΢΢˵һָոһƻʱоԼϵĹ·ͬƬ˵ز졣
ԶĲݴ֮кȻ˸OO@@һɫľ鷢󿩿ˣȻҵ˲ݴ֮еһˡ
ݴ֮кȻصˣˢˢض׼Ҷ塣
أ޴ƿ֮ˣʮͬʱȻ֮£ٸ˴糤ìһƬˣˢˢسҶ˹
Щ糤ìǧ֮£Զͷ
ңҶ͵һת۾жȻһŻ״̧һ֮£𶯣׼˳ԼһĻ
һɱը֮¶Щ¶֮Уȴһ𵴲ơ
꣡кȻһ·ԼѵĸƬҲһ㣬Щ˹ȥ
ЩײһɲǣȻڿزڴϸļ淢ˡˡХ׷˵ˡ
Ҷ˹ȥЩļ˾ϸ۲
ֻЩļľ֮УѺۣģɹѾѺ۵ľͷһ㡣
һƻ֮İ֮ĲҶѾϸĲм
С˰ɡҶ΢΢³һȶ
Ƭ̣ԼĿռ֮ȡһֻĲ輸һɰᵹһڵĲˮƷš
һ¶֮ҶĶȻ΢΢·ʲôĶ˿һ㡣
ԶʺȻһϸĽת֮ͷٵҶǰˡ
ϴһˬʵЦҶֹȻ츳ǷƷ书Ȼôˡ
һѾƶһƬë㻺Ȼ̧һ֮£ھ޽ĹâȻĽ֮С
ԭǳ֣ôпյˡҶת˲һ裬ص
Ҷ֣رģʵҺͼλʦֵܸոս׼ҪȥɳԭȥɱҶ֣ҪҪһȥ
ðҶԼ⼸žոСɣҸֵĻᣬЦ˾ͽֵĹˡ
Ҷֳбضˣ
ҶһԺ֮кѾжʮŵڵȴˡ
ʮӸ£ϱ⻪Ȼ챦
ЩӾȻһɫʥΪûһʥ
ӼҶ֮󣬼Ϣǿʱһ࣬ǿûʲô⣬Ȼûб¶ʧ֮ɫ
Ǹʥûʲôһȥô£ѵȥɣԱһƵ۵Ůüõص
˾֣˴εһȥ֪ηģҶʵ
ﻹδڣԱߵķŮѾͷص⻹õŷô˭򵹵ľ˭ģ£ȺƷͣѾˣɵͷ㻹Ǳˡ
û⣬ֻҪʶһ¶ѡҶص
ءҶ¶سһгȽȽȻζһݣʹ˷Ӱķˡ
УԱ߼ĵӼ䲻мƲƲ졣
֪ҶڵϢȴƳµһ״гתţڿһӰˡ
ӰУһŶݷҪʥֵѾͨ鲼ȫڴԼеͬʱϵؼȡĺٵܹԼٷС
Ŷݷ书עڿзʱ˸񶷡
Ƭ̵Ĺ֮ǰһƬããԭ̲𣬳ȺӵĻ¹ڲԭϱܡΨû˿̣ҶеΪ֡
ԽƬԭ֮󣬾һƬĸ嫺ɳççһ
ҶеĿĵǣƬɳ֮вĴСؿߣɴССҲг˴Сʱʱɼһͷͷ˶ëƵ֣Ϊ̶
ǰѾĳѨˡŮ俴Ҷһ۵Ҷ·ɳͶûЦġ
˰ɳԭѾˣľҲͲˣﵽһȺԣ׾ľӢϰһ𣬶ѡһȺеϴȺӵ𾳽ĸһˣҲҪĶӡ
ˡҶл֮вʹܣУվ֮⡣
˫һ֮£ȫعĵһȦɫһ㣬Ѹתš
ǰУɳǿͶ


194 ս
ӭĿɳ˰գ֮мɳַžǧڷôһ㡣
Ҷڿлţ̽ǰ̶Χһתӭķɳסˡ
ȻҶһȦǹ룬ȴѵɶ֮еļɳһַƼ󣬺ݺݵعȻ޷͸֣ɶ羢ȴǳңһɹεѹȴǼѹ˹ѹԼȫ·壬мķɳ͸ԼƤʹ
ʻ۵һɵҲܲסҷɳϮˣ׷״ӷʹɽ
תˮҶɫȻԱߵĳ̧һָһȦȻһУͬڣʮγʮʱͽλþˡ
ΧϮɳɸи֮·׷Ȼʧȥ
ϲľҲݵ˿֮Уӭɳһ֮£̾ʧȥеľ׷
Ʒһ׵ĹˮϵĹǼģǶѾȭҶ˵ȴֻǶ̶һµʱѾŹ򳹵СˣƷһ׵书ȫǶӦȭ
ɳƽϢˣͣ˷ۣ̤˵ˣɳȥһƬ
һɵӵУʦվڲλãʦվΧλá
ǰǰеһӣȻһ³һɳУۿžҪ˽ȥ
Ҷٸ˹ַ̧һɾӻûûȥʱ򣬽ȷ˳ȥ
лʦְæˡǸӿԼҧƵѥӣ£Ҷ
ûϵСһ㡣Ҷ
ʱ˿̣ɳԭ֮кȻһƬС
Сģɳм׳棡ŮӺȻһ
Ҷɫ䣬ȻӱһԾһб˫ž֮һ̤٣Ļɳϣһɲ״ɢ˿
Χɳ纣ˮһ㣬ʱһһ˳ɳʱ˿
²˲ȱѰ㡰ۣۡƬ֮һһŻһɫҺӵ͸˳
Ҷһ̤֮£ڵµײϸСɳм׳澹Ȼѹ˿
ͬʱɳϺȻ˶Сɽֻ쳣Ĵ쳤˳һ԰ɫͫ˷ŭؽ
ͷɳм׳ⷽԲǧɳм׳֮һӼӲƥܹ·ɴ̹Уǿ
ûԱ߼ӷҶ΢΢ζӰһ˲Ϣͷ׳ߣֶ׼һͷ׳ľһִһһͷ׳Ŀλá
һļ׳֮зһ죬ȻʳѪˣ̱˵ˣһͷ׳ͷλãȴȻ˿һ˶ԴںڵѪһء
ͬʱɳ϶Ȼһ˫ĵС۾һƺڹƿռ
Ҷתһ˦Ღɴ̣һŰ׹⣬ȵƣ
һһƣʵʵĻͷ׳ı֮Уֻصһ죬ͷ׳ڶȻһ𱬵Ŀʳ˴ǵѪˡ
ȻǱҶһиżӲļ׿Ǿࡣ
ҶƲİֱ޷
ɱͷɳм׳֮󣬷ԲǧںȻܼ֨֨Ĺֽ˷ֻһ㣬𵴵˶죬ܡ
׼жˣ׼ӭսϵһȻּһڱȵ
⾵ǬһµŮӺּһƴСİ⾵ӣ˵䲻ͣת
һֻζһɫ⻪ȻӾ֮תۼӭ籩ǣֱ۴ϸһ֮£ΧķɳʱֹϢ谵ɫҲ˲١
ۣ֨֨һعֻֽƽһɳ֮Уرʮɫɳʮֻͷħֽצӳ˹οⱼһ㡣
ȺѾ׾磬ѾܹԦɳУҹĶɳɱˣʵƥץ֮ȴһɫгڿзȥȴǸһ㵶ǹɳ
Щڿһ߼ݷУһ߻Ķһɹ쳣Ͷ
ϣϣҷĵǣҲʾŻ£ַɳѤõĽ⣬ҵУӭͶַ羹Ȼ
ЩӶ޽֮ĵӣĸոҶָɾɱٶѾ״̼ǣ˺ǵġ
޵ӸǰȡԼķӭսӭһͷսһš
ֻǸԼɱеľеĵʹɽףѷɫڽ֣еһͷŷԵУһ÷еǽ񶷡
ϧǵЧƺ̫á
֮УȻ壬ƾűܽӵǿսҲӵкǿȻ߶ûдﵽ۷徳磬ȴʮֵѲҲɱ
ҶȻһһٶɲǼ㣬֮ɽҪ˼֣ӭһͷëһֽ֮£ץ˺ѣҶȴѾ˲ϢͲֵ࣬ӭһȭĻ֮дı·ըѳСһ㡣


195 
飡ͷֲִ֮£Ѿһɾ޴Ʒ˸ţʱ׷һɳꡣ
Ҷݷתڿкһ֮£Ѿͷ࣬͵һָ̽Ѿ˻ƷľλãȻ
ָһץ֮㶼̺ʮɵľͣߺУѹȵȾһһ˲֮£ؾ˺˻ؾ͹ڣסͷԪ
ͷ͹۾ȫƤë·һҾʱ׷ֽҵԪͨһشͷ­ܶˡ
Ҷ̧һǣ֮жȻһѺͷѾԼǬ֮ˡ
ƾ书ֻǻɱʮͷѾ㹻׬ȡ˴εĹ׶ˡ
ҶڿнŤתýַȻشȺ֮УʼȺ˽ⲫ
ȭȽŻ֮£գзһһΧϮķɳʮһ֮£̾ͱؾͱҶĻ˿
ֻ֮䣬ҶѾƾŹ˵书ֻ̧ɱֻԱڶ޵ȴţתɽ⼸ͷ񶷲ݡ
ڶţ޵ӵУȴ˺ֻ̧ܶ࣬ͷųһסһͷ֮һ߶ȼеһͽһͷᴩˣȻžһ֮£ͷͱ
ȫ鹦ڳҶһʱԵʣҶĽ֮Уе˼άʤһеĵ˾ͰԼľȫ˷Ĵ档Դһ״򷨡
Ҷ̧һ֮£һѸͷƷŤһ£Ȼ˳߶
ԭˣƷѹﻬԭȴǼԦ⡣Ҷ΢΢۾ѸپʹӻƷתݷϿŵ
Ʒһ磬ֱתģǳֳ״˳ʱתʲô϶˺ٶٿˣ·߹죬ԶٿȥĹٶȡ
Ҷ¶һ˿ƻЦ⣬ͷƷٴʱҶٴִ̧һ˻ط羢
ͷƷץҶȴȻطԼѾƲסˣؿʼڿпʼҵת
裡Ҷָջһš֮£ΧŴŵĿҼͷƷʴʼƵطתƾҪͣס嶼ûôҶһҵؿ֮£תͷת۶Сǡ
ͬʱԱٴδͷƷҶתɲ˻ط羢ͷҲѸټݵ֮С
ͷƷһεȴ쳣޴ľתͷת򣬼Żµʱ򣬱Ҷûֱֳ̧룬һס˾ǣֱԪ֮Уұ֮£ͽ䳹˹ȥؾô׽
ʱ˿̣ʮ޵Ծţһ㣬ΧһͷƷòֺ䤱
Ҷ˳Ѩλ֮󣬳Ѩ֮ʣʮͷʱŭˣҶֻһˣʱ׳֮£ֽ֨֨ų˳
ƣ裡ҶҲٳӲˣ¼תһ˫ֻǧٵӰѸƥĻ
Ļɳԭ֮жʱ˴ɳ
ԴЩ󱲣ҶѾǿˣֱֱתͷɹᱻʹţתһݡ
ת֮䣬ͬһתҶΧӿķɳ֮УѾʮתͣ·𱻱ӷһ㣬ƾҪѣ޷תĸо
Ҷ֮һŻӰתݣӰ֮з֨֨۵ֽ·ϵĿ̣
ҶʹĵڣȻһˡ
ҶҶٸʲô𣿻žʹȻ˳Ĵ
ҶȻͣ漴̧ģζȻһתΧֹʮӰžصһأʮͷƷҶһٹɽҲƵĿתѾǱתλŤˣһͷԶСǡ
ҶֹҲͣոʵ̫ˣȻصһ̣ԴҲ΢΢һΣһĲûˤڵء
ͷˡҶķϵǣ漴ֵվ
ҿⶼģһָתۿԱɢһأ°ĭ
ڳʮŮ޲ɵ㶵ؿҶһͨ衣
ðôģЩƷɲôöԸģûǼͷзƲסٸбӣĵסµ˵Сͷǲм
ô౦Ҷ΢΢˿ֵոֻ˳ŻƷתѡ
˼ʱȤʵô˵
ûƷôҶָһͷƷĻǶģǻˮһƵģɳѰĵĻȴ˳ǻתٶȣǼһѾǸӿƲסΣôתεġ
ԭô򵥣Ħ°ͣͷ˵һܽΣ


196 Ʒ
ҪิӣҶһЦ漴ͰصĻƷԼˡ
ⴥĿĵһⲫԱһ޵ĿģȴĿɿڴǿҶһôԱԹ۵ڵҲЩ
ոǸŮ̬ȶҶ̫ãҲÿѯʣǳȴûд˹˼ɡ
֪һٵ㹱׶ȡһָٺٹЦ
ٵ㣿ɱ˰ŮӶʱŭ
ҪٺٹЦҲ¸㣬ҶһпҲʹõģԺƾжԸʡ¶£׬٣ͲֹǶٵ˰ɣ
Ůҧгݵؿ޺޵ض˶ţͳˣٵ㹱׶ȣȻ˿ͷôԱߵһҲԥ׷
ĲԾͷֱҶҡͷʧЦѡ
ЦǺǮ֮תҶֲ˰ٵ㹱׶ȵлֵܣǸġ
иƻȡȺ֪λʦֽûȤҶڵ
ԱߵһɵǰͷŮӶʱ۾ոտҶǷ֮ѾҶʮʮˣæصͷǡ
ǣҶ֣Ƭԭ֮п϶һͷƷ¾ͲǸոǼͷ׵ôöԸˡԱǷŮӿڵ
ţλûд˸׵ûеĻҲСҶ漴ʵ˵һá
СԱߵһ۵еӴǬгһֻɫ̽׶ӣݸҶ
Ҷס׶εĶ̽׶εĽ沼һĿһƬҡ

Ļԭ֮УһڿеӰٵطţٶ̫죬ڿһδüɢȥĲ񣬶ʮǵɫɳڿ׷ֹ
ÿһɫķɳ֮жһ״֣֨֨۵عֽ
ҶΪնڿвͣתֻĻƷںܣЩƷȻѾȴɵСһ㣬һƲ֮£ͷܣҶôһˣȺƷ̵׳µȡ
Ҷһ߼ݹܣ۾˲ԶɽϿŵһ㱡޺µ͵һ֮£ವһ¾ͳ˹ȥ
ͷںչǰ˹ǵҶ֮еʱκȻڿж˶٣Ȼ󶸵һݣԱббط˹ȥŵȴɲס֮ͬһ㣬ӶײƲ֮ˡ
λ޵ʦ㣬Ƚһ˶Ľ磬ͷ˽ת֮еķգһЩϾǾͲˡ
̣
Ʋ֮е󱻴ˣʮִƲ֮бˣºҳţͷĻƷĻ͵˼ĻɢһɹȵɢеʱΧХͷת
Աߵ˰ڵǷ׷״Ӳ˳ת˷ǿ״
˼֨֨ҽеһͷһͷ쳣˶󷢳쳣زҽУȫëȻը𣬷׷֮ˣ֫ͣؾҵس鴤żһͷƷҪڳ֮⣬漴ͱĵһ˻ȥ
һӵĹ򣬽ͷѾ鷭ڵˣڶϲЦտǰȥ⼸ͷھ˷ӡԼǬ֮С
ֻƷóķŪɳʵǵĹ֮ȴ̺˼ǿĽ֮ڵ֮оܽĻܹΪɽѲϡ
ǰΪ˰ʮ㹱׶ƴƴһҶֵģǧĹ׶ȶסҶļ򣬹ЦǼһʼۿ˵֪ͣλֵܵ˰ɣ
ҶֱǸǰòȡˡŮ˹ˬʵһδҽܣҽֻ
ʦ㲻ÿˡҶЦЦҿɫҲˣǲȻȥ˲ҿβõʵЩִټЩҲգǻȥ֮󣬴жķԲȫΣ
ԣԣĥ󿳲Ҷ֧ߣ
ֻͼһЩᣬֻ￴ŵϼͷȥԥһ£ǵȻˣҶֵĺˡ
䣬ԶƲ֮кȻһĽ
֨֨
һ·һ׶Ӱ㣬ݺݵشԴԪ֮
ԪĵӶʱɫˣһʹס˶䡣̱˵ˡ
ҶͷϺһ£ϽһһɫĻصؿԶƯȻɫһͷعﻺشӿƮ
ã϶ͷˡ
һȻƵĵӰȻӿצӺݺݵسҶץ˹
һƼ죬ҶѾǸ񵲲͵عһڵ֮һ
һŵɫ緢Ӱǰը˿ͷӰһ֮£ҶѾʼ
ת˫Ữ֮£һ͸ĶܺᵲͷӰǰӭһץ
꣡ҶͷĹ֮£˺˿
ǰͷƷѾ׵İ˷ˣһɣȫ˸ӲɫëͷһѪɫ׵ëȻɫ綹۾ݺݵصҶֻȴļצϺ˸
ƷһֽУֻץƷ˻ХݺץҶ޲ð˺Ƭ
Ҷٴչ˸ոʱַʹûƷĿ칥ַٴ޹Ӳ˻Ʒ֮ҶѾסĹˣʹõַָסؽ֮£͵һһ١
֮⣬ƷļӲʯһ㣬ʹҶָȻٲȥ
Ʒֽһǿǰֻ֫һ֮£ҶѾ˦˳ȥ
ĻƷҶզࡣ
ƷعֽһҶ͵˹ȥһһʼⲫˡ


197 
Ҷȭ缤񶷳һš
ռ֮УֻӰռ֮ȭƽڶ
ƷȻӴ󣬶Ҳûʲô·ٶתȴǼĿݣѵôӴתһ㣬Ҷ˫ֽĻ׵תַȻ𵴣죬н˹ıһҹɳ𵴳촷ۡ
ƷҲʮƣצϬǳܹץʮֵϬȴǻᱻǰɻ⿪Ҫ˼ʱȴţƤһ
Ҷƾž׵ַⲫǧ֮£ȴǲʤ
ȥɣҶѹڵϣֺ̧سǱϵ׶ݺݵشͷ档
ŭشʱҶĶŪʮ֡
̣ϵ׶Ȼ³һĵ˳ͷҵɢȫһֻͫ׶λͬʱ˵𵴵ȫëֱһһ㡣
ӿȵĵ𻨴ӿ˳ͷƷʱһε嵹˵ϡ
ҶվϵɳЦһԱߵֻȴһ˰״׼ҶӰ㿣ѾҶոնսĳˡ
ѾӲʯզͷȫѾͭƤǣǹˣǼ˵ķֻܸɦѡ
ҶϵǹɫصصһͷʵѾǿ۷ʥ
֮ȻУҲûʲô书·츳ȴǰѾȫеٶͷѣѰҶܹ͸Ƥ䳹ƷͷɾͲˣܹƾһĤ׸Ҷû
Ҫ᣿㵱ǲ𣿡ҶȻŭ̧һץһģһͽָֻ˿
еƲͣסˣ¶꣬ݲȵشӿ
ķͨɲͬɫߵĵۣؿý޳һ״
ڳͨɵĵԵһ
ǿѹŭ𣬹˹ֵԭλĵ֣λΪʲôǵ
ŵԬ첨ʦԳ磬ǵߣΪ׵ĸӲмغߵ﷽ԲﶼѾʱĵˣеﶼӦģ
ƨˣ﷽ԲʮĻɳԭͨɵ̣
𣿡Ϊ׵Ԭ첨Цͨɵ̣ôһȺվ˵طĵӺİ󻼣ǲҲͰˣȻҸ
ͨеĵӶǺˣɫ
޵һ򽾺ޱȡеĲԳȴһĹϵãܶ˳ͻĵӣԳϺݺݵ𷣶ģǷϸ񡣡
ҶҡҡͷЦûõģҹһ쵰͵ôߡ
ͬʱԱٴηɳʮ⻪˵ǰʮĵˡ
һӿʵԬʦ֣أô⼸һ˳ͻ
ûʲô⼸ͨɵĵ˶࣬ȻһͷƷٺٺ٣Ԭ첨ص
ôĵӣĶԱڶӶʱŭеĳˡ
ԱֻǺˣŭ˵޳ܣҶְס
ҲϻˣռԵĵ̣ܾôˡԬ첨ָһȻеޣҺÿһɽ¾ʹ˽ҹĻٺٺ٣ɵɲǼС°֪Գϻ᲻أ
֮Ув֮ǲԶ
ĻôҶֱһһٵص΢΢¶һЦЦı飬üѾɷݣǱŭЦ
Ԭ첨Գɫͬʱһɹصջཻ֯š
Ԭ첨Ҷ˵ͷãܺã֣ǼȻ¸ìܣǾƣ
Ԭ첨һ˦ӣһתȥ
ţһͷƷҲûʲôҲô׵ˡҶֹס˶ˣ֪λûȤϱһѣ
Ԭ첨Գɫ΢΢һ䡣
Ҷѿı飬һһ˹赭дصҶĳһˣǶˣ֪ĸҲӦսЩ֮⣬жע
Ҷһ֣һһڷɽ洣ڵϣصӮˣϸҹ
Ԭ첨ٺЦһãȻˣҾʶһͨ
Ҷɫƽվ̨һ࣬ĵ˱ˣΧ۵ڵǶɢˡ
Ҷ˴һڳ׳ǹǹһɶߣǹͷһ߰룬ʲһȦȦʮڸֱޡ
̨һԳԬ첨ֱֳһһңֳǺΧ֮ƣ
Ԭ첨ٺЦһͫȻһһ̨ɢ˳һĨ߲ⲨƻãֱֱͶ˹ȥ
Ҷͷϵ֮ħӰ·ħͷһ㣬˹צҶݺץ˹ȥҪʶ֮һ㡣
ЩħӰͨ˵УεģֻΪھأƾԼǿľܹ۲õ
ʶħ̨༸ΪѾʥ۷徳ŵӶʱһ
ˣŵʶħԶɱսסŭħɵģר񡣡
벻Ԭ첨ȻҶҪˣ
Աߵͨɵĵǲ۷׷Ҷ¶ɫ


198 Ű³һ
̨ħӰ˸ùɭɭ
ʶħԭǲʥ֮󣬺޳ɵͫ
Ҷоⱬ䣬ҽźȻ̧ǰ̤һ
ۣһأ΢΢𶯣ڳ˶һƺ̨һ̤Ļζһ㡣
˵ʺȻ䣬üһɸҺ嫵ȭⲪȻ
ָһաǵصȭ⺭ķ̨ϵĿռƺǰף
˵ǰ·ƾɫʧѾȾ˺ڰ׶ɫתݣߵת
̨ϵɱ֮ɺ嫵ȭ֮£ֽһ㣬ͱһɨա
׵Ԭ첨Գɫ䡣
Թ۵ڶӵҲˣھУǸо·ֻεĴָŤתҪתߵǬһ㣬ϸ
ͨͨýϽĵӣΪĵ̾ɫεڵأֻмλʥŵվֻɫҲ΢΢Щס
̨µڵӺͳ޲۷׷ףҶҲˡ
Ԭ첨ʱĸоܵģʥʱ䣬رʶħڽѾ˵ƾȭŹˣѾܹþѹƶ֣һɹǿľѹҶӿ˹ȥͼѹסҶȻһٱеУ˿ҶȭһԾûʶħһ㣬ݿһɨĸɸɾҶûκεӰ졣
⻹Ҫġ
ҪǣҶȭȭȻһ壬δֵȭѾѹƵòܶһȭȭƶ֮£սͰڽڱǣԼͫȴ룬һʩչͫԼģͻʧ鶯
Ԭ첨Ȼûȭ⣬ⲻȭʲô
սһʼѾһ߶
ۣۣԬ첨ɫҧҧȻȡһŻƷһ¾ȼˣȼպ󣬻׹ϣʱ䴿͸Ļ棬ֱͷ紦λá
һɸ֮˳Ԭ첨Գ˾һ񣬵סҶȭʴ
ոԬ첨ͷŵǡķ֮רſħķķһȼ֮󣬶ʱھ׳ѪǣɢڵĻ
٣Ϊķֵܵң׳գ㲻ȭ⣬һҵĶ֣
ҶЦһǰǰ壬̧־һǹ̳
һǹĳ棬̧һǹѾ̵˵ǰѾͻ˼άķӦ
ϣϣ㱬Ԭ첨Գ뱩һ˫Ӧһǹ
Ԭ첨⵽޴ڱ֮£˶ײķʮ
ҶŲһ٣ǹתֱΪӦԳһһǹߴ̳
ֻԵһ죬湥Գʹһس˳ȥȻҶһǹ˳
ϣǹҶǹӰһ㼲̶ǹǹƸգг졣
˻һۣͬʱ¶˺ɫְ󽣱ȵߣ
߳һĶ̽ӱһҶ
̨µͨɵķ׷״ֻû˵ҪɽԱĵǾѹסһʱһ
ǲðæǣҶ漴һ
Ԭ첨ǿڽֱҪгΣԳĽȴڿлһ仡һһ㣬ֱֱػҶĺԡ
ţҶ߳һֳǹǰƶںɫǹ磬ƿռ죬ּ־ȴûд˿ķȻɵӰб𣬶׼Ǳӭ齣ǹ⼱ٲţȻһССԲȦ
ǹһɲǣҶƺһɽ˵ĵڣһ㺮ǰǹⶸȻһȦȦǹӰٲǹ涶һǿһӾȦסɽ
ҶЦѣǹ֮£һǹȦСȦʵѱ棬ȦȦÿһ⻡ȦӷɳǡôεؽڷɽȦУɽĽ裬ջҲѡ
˵ڷɽһߣôҶǹѾεضסߵ磬Ҷá
ͬʱǿڷɽҲϮҶǹ˿ģεزסڷɽԷ·۾һ㣬Ȼ̧һĨʣણ־һ˦
ֻһҲƵıӰSΣӭ⼲ԵһϮİ׹һʱһ޵˳ȥ
߲ӷȴǻһ£ˮζˮһ㣬ҶӦķɽӲ֮УʣİضϽһŰ׹ֱϮҶ¡
ȴƻޱȣߵ·ӣóɱɱ֮£֪ҶıԶʱҶĿյ
һһգеĽϵ˰أȴʹȴǸӵա
ԣҶ̧͵ػǹһһǹͽԬ첨ɽ˳ȥҲƫУĽֱԳ硣Ĳסˡ
ĴҶֻ»ûմҶߣ̾ͻᱻɽ͸ˡ
Գ֮£æһܿһܵһɲǣȻо΢΢ʹҶǹôľϡ
ҶЦһȻǹһһǹɨһͽ˳ȥ꼸죬ؿڵ߹Ѿ˺ü
ţ̧һǹԬ첨סǹһ̣Ҷһ˹
һ¶ϵ˹ӭһ㣬ԵֵһԬ첨ظλõ·ƬƬѣ״˿³һѪصصڵϡ
ȻûбϹͷƸյı޾ȴֱ͸อش˵ñԳء
˶ŵӣ֮רŵҽã񾳵ĵˣӦòʲô֢
ĵӷסԬ첨Գ磬Ϊ׵һĵصðаͨɵĵӣҼסˣǵɵĶٺٺ٣Ǿȡ
ֻɫʱ쳣ѿ
ɵĶԹɲһС£洫ֻҲҪԲ˶ˣοǼССŵӣοʵȨɵĲԳûȣΪһɳϲǼССŵӵȥֺɡ
ֻվԭ˰졣
жԲԳϵĿ־ѹĵķŭصǵô
ĵǿʼΪ׵һĨа⣬ŷŮӹЦС椸԰Ħˣλʦֵ˺ˣߣ
ڳͨɵĵǣը˷Σͨɵĵһսеķ
ҶԱ˹ֱֻۣʾٰ꣬ߵ⼸Űǰ
û⣬ǰĦĦΣҶٺһЦȻһת֣žžݺݳˣֱɻ


199 Ű³
Ҷһֿ֣кݶǲ۲۵Ľ͵ϮĵӦûӦѾ㵹ڵضˡ
ҶңԬ첨ŭлһĨ֮ɫ
ģҿûɱڡҶЦظһ⣬תͷֻλʦãӰ˰ɣ
˰ֻɻؿҶһۣ漴ͳӰ˵ݸ
ҶûнӹֻǶԱһͨɵеӵ⼸ͽϵ·ǹˣöҪһλʦӰǵ¼ٺ٣ɴսǵΪˡ
ֻͼŮӶʱĿɿڴ
еͱһӻˣû˵ͳȥƾĵŭǰһȫһͷ
ҲңҶٺЦְ̧ȫ¶˸⣬Ȼס
̧һץ֮£ѾɹԬ첨Գ绺վڿаڳһˡ
ڿа˺üĶеӿŶƤЦأļŮǳ˴첼ѡ
ҶתƣŮӲͷƤһӰĶȫȴַǳĽ
Ҷת֮£һԬ첨Գ˵ĶʮӰرס˼ƺ߷߽ӵı顣
֮Ҷ漴ץĵ
ͬ⤵ĵЩûл˹ȥô޳ֱ̫ܵˡ
ֲ˰Сʱ֮Ҷˣһ˵ˡһһҡҡλεش·֮ҧгݵؿŵҶ
ٺٺ٣λĵѣǲ˼ˡҶٺЦػζеӰ˵Ҫǰ⼸ӰȥҲ˵Ҫų꣬˵ɵƽ̿˵Ļ᲻⼸ܻŷİ࣬أ
ĽǵɵۣЦҶһɺ
Ϊ׵Ԭ첨ɫɷףΪŭ;ͣضţҧгݵؿҶҶݣҵƣ
ţҶٺЦǸոҪһˣԲѷҪôˣ
Ԭ첨ҧĿ죬ŭҶ㻹ô
ҲҪǸǰĦˣÿ˸Գʮӣ⼸λʦǸҶЦ
㣡Ҷ㲻Ҫ̫֣Ԭ첨мҪˡ
ţҶٺٹЦţζһе
ĵһ֮ҧгԹؿҶ
֮£̧˰ݺݳԼʮͣȻתͷ˷ɽܡ
Ҷǲûȡӵķ˳뿪ˡ
Ҳǽ𣬿ǷҪŸǽҲûа취顣ҶЦס𲢲ҪСˣԲܹˣ˱ƤҪᣬ򲻹ͻ˰æޣٺ٣θ˾Ȧˣҿǻô죡
ѾǽˡҶҡͷôһҲûйϵˣ˵ˣûˣոѱѾԼĶôǾðΣոɳִģٺ٣ʱ¾Ͳô򵥵ˡ
Ҷôһ֮ͨ£ӶʱоǳĳҶиǾηмˡ
⻹ð죿ҶٺٹЦһҪǲЩ̬ӰȥĻϱɾˣ˭ܶˣٺ٣
ǸġݸǧĹ׶ȵ࣬Ǽһ˰ǧ׶ȡ
лˣȱ׶ءҶûоֽܾ˹´лǶˣʱھһʱ䣬ˡ
Щ׶ʱǻӻһӵˡ˰ֵҶӦóô˻߶һ²ǡ
˴λԭϲ׽ƷѾԲˡ
ڸ׻л׽˽ʮͷŰĻƷ֮УҶԷǳѸݵٶȾɵػĹ׶ȡ
˴ÿ˸Էǧһٶʮ㹱׶ȣƷÿͷֵٹ׶ȡ
˴Σܹ׽˶ͷƷ䷢ǧٹ׶ȡ
һĽǽҶˣıֶʡ
Ʒλײ̫ߣµһΣۼѲ̶ȣǰʮ
һ㣬Ӳһж֮ززΪóϵܵٶѰ޸Ȳ
һּӵӰ죬ǿϲڵ´򶴣һ䷱֮ܿ󣬷ԲǧڵؾͻϾɢԶֶޣһ֮̾նɱ顣
ڰ˰Ļɳԭ֮УＸ洦ɼ಻ʤѨ֪ж棬ɽˮķˮرȺɶƻ˸ɾЩĻΧѾɢͨɵĵ֮ˡ
Ҷ׬ȡ׶ȵٶȼֱĿࡣǰǰվĵӣָָ㣬ҶˣҲûио֡
֮ͨнĵӣÿвٵĵҲвٵӽ֮У֮䲢ʶ
ֻһƣ沼ɰ䲼ĸЩ˵͵Ĺ׶ֵСʱʱһӶ׼һ̧ٻõУȻȥˡ
ܹΪ졢ء
ɳϰ䲼ЩȽΣգõĹ׶Ҳ٣ҪǿԵõɳϵָУذΧĵ֮еħ֮أЩͣұȽգ˰Ͳͬˣ֮еλĵӰ䲼ģҪæЭͱȽһ㣬Ͼҵͷ̫ԣ
ҶҲվϸؿһ£ûʲôʺԼ
ɵĽСģϰһİǿĻ֮оغαװԼȻ׳Լ
³׳׻Ҳһʵ
λվڰǰߵԼüͷЩüչ̾ϢһΪƳȺȴ𲻾ء


200 ԭ
ϳüչ
ɵǿǵԶο׬ȡ׶ȵ⣬ɳȴδǰ;⡣߸Զ
ͨԱһٰʮĻɳԭƬɽˮ㣬֮أǺ֪ģȺƤĻƷѸﷱˣԲһٰʮڵĵƻʹȫһƬɳԭκֻƷֳ侪ˣһɱ֮ǵĳϳ־ҲԻָĵ
ƵǻɳԭɵĵˣҲǻƷ԰ƬɳԭڵˣҲܡ
ɵʮڸиĵ̣ʶǿֶԷصɵĶսˣµĻɳԭȻ൱ٶͨɵɽ龳
ҶһʵϿǳ֮£
ҩ£רƹԺҩԵģȻҪܡϿĵӣûصǰһٰʮɳԭõһƬﰡڡ
Щ뷨֪òýҶ˼һ£ص
ţСӶԴҲпбۿһۣȻΪҶʲôص
سϵĻҲΪһζɱȥվα겻αҶԥһ£˴γֻǻɱһЩӢǻһ׵ڵ֮£ֻһʱ޷ŵŪֵز
Ҷ˵ûʥʥΪĸֻɱ׵ҲˣǻͷȥضЩһ׵ϾҲδ̫ˣһ׵ĻƷֵǮ
ŶôΪôأбƳһۣ
ҶһصΪӦýĵΧֳɼ飬ÿһһָΪһ䷢ȥЩײеѾǾˣʣµֻһЩһ󣬵Ϊ񣬽ЩʦʦΪ㹻ˡ
ţ԰⵹Ǹ⣡һ֮£ʱϲһҶļͷСӣƾ飬ϷҲҪ䷢ǧ׶ȣ
˵꣬û˵ʹһĽǣתͷɱȥˡ
ҶЩļ򣬲Цһ
ϵٶȷǳɼĳ֮󣬵ڶǰͳ˰ʮƣŰĻԭشָʮ飬ÿһ˹׶ȵͣЩСʥĵȻûʲô˭Ҳѱʱ˷棬Ƕ쾳ĵǻջĴģһ׵ھչȻ۸񲢲̫ߣǶЩ쾳ӶԣǼջġ
֮еûв쾳Ͳ쾳ʦʦһʮӴ壬ͬҲƶһ壬ǵսܲ
쾳ĵսܲǶԸЩһ׵ȴǴ´࣬ɵĵλѰ׬ȡѹ׶ȵֲǣҶһٿν֢ҩ
һȺһȺ쾳޵Ƿ׷ؽϲصĳ֮Ļԭȥˡ
ǵ书ԣЩһ׵Ͳڻ£ȻָƬеЩѣǶ޸˵ȴ㲻ʲô÷һЩˮֲһЩľؾͿԻָˡ
ڵĳϻر鶨һչ۸׼һ׵Ȼͽײûʲôȡ֮ǻпõĵط
ΪҶƮƮһ⣬ҵĻԭ˶չˣͨΧĻĮɳԭɢʱͣȺһ㷴֮£𲽷ƽĸоƽĵطʱһƬޡ
ڿĹ֮УȻҲٲҪЩ׵򽻵ģ׶ǴѴѵŪˡ
һ֮еЩõ쾳ʦʦҲ
ؾ¥֮С
Ҷ۾һţ¥ĲؾսеķţѾλƷ׵书ķ룬ĵֻڲ򣬲ȥһ޶ʱ䡣
ŵĲؾʼûʲôͨһĵ伮ȫѿţ书伮Ҫշˡ
ſڴλãȻһһݵĽ񽫷ٵҶߣһ˫ͭؿ
ľͷͨһ¾Ͳ𣿡Ҷݺݵһ䣬漴̾еطŻص֮УȻ󻺲Ӳؾ˳
һһϸŸոѧ֪ʶ
һţĿ۵һʱЩ̫ӦҶ˼켸ҹʱ䣬ѡ˼ʺԼƷһ书ͷеĲ
Ʒһ书ȫֻڻʥΪܹʩչתҪҲǼߣЩ书ɱɱ˷Χ룬ѾԶԶѰķ
ҶеٵĻԼ书磬޽е洿˼еӻ֮أҪѺܴĹ򻯽Щ͵˴ĥ
ҶԼѾյ˴빱׶ȵƣЩεҡҡͷ
͸ǧ׶Ⱥ׬ļǧ׶ȣѾ˴롣
̶̼յʱѾȫӦĻˡ
֮ͨеʦֻɵ۶ѣھŵӣ𾳽ֻСеλѣΨжɹе׽ٻħٵ񾳣ʸ洫ӡ
Ǯʱô򵥡Ҷһ䣬漴۾̧ʵһա
Ա߳Ȼ˹Цеؿ
ôˣֵ֣ġҶֵʵ
ЦʱѾˣһͲͣ˳ҽܼͬʶ
ֻﻹмŮӶǵһɵģ˼ڱžγôһСȦӣڳ￴ҶļʵǱǿҪҶСȦӡ


201 
Ҷų߽ʳ֮ˡ
տʳռ󣬹ӦŵĵʳﶼʮֵģԴ´˿ȴԵࡣ
һż棬ֻһž޴Өʯ棬ֻϴμΧһϰڷʳȣ˱ǣֻΨһɺľǲãȴ̫ˣֻŵԼľˮѡ
λúˡҶȻЦ˹С
Ҷ֣ϴλɳԭ飬һûлأҪ㣬ǿ²ҪҪǰ쵰۸ֻһƣҾһ
޷޵صߣҪ֮еĲԡ
˵˰ؾͱҶһȥʱ֨ˣֻƶѡ
ʦˣͬʦֵܣ빲ⱾӦõġҶһЦƱһˡ
ֻһʼȻҶΪǴһһ鲢֮ҶӡѾŤתˣΪˬʵƢһʼ֮ԿҶҪΪ޽֮ʵȡ˵Ĺ˼άˡ
һǧ˰ĻɳԭԭͨɵȻ棬ֲ鵾ǷǳģԴӳ˻ƷȺĵħ֮Ѿȫı˹
˼ľӢƷ֮⣬һ׵ȴĶ綯ɳûУȫֻƾűⲫѣѰ쾳ʦʦȫɶԸķȴǼ侪˵Ŀ£ѨصҲʮ֮ǿʹȺƽ֮
֮еĵΪĳȻܹһЩλ̵ĵطȴԽڻɳԭڷʹɱʤɱ޽֮ɵʮڶʶǿģвƴֵˣ˻ƷȻᣬܻееĳҲԸ˶ǽ
ڻɳԭѾǻķãɶеĿˣټϲԳϺĹϵһܺãĵǿʼ޼ɵֵƵķչȥò̫ãͻԼļ۸񣬰һǧ˰ڵĻɳԭǿаȥ
˵һصĴ
ƻҪƲˣϵĿһ´֮ò˶þͻָƬڵˡ
ֻ漴Ҷ֣Ȼдʵ´ҴȥĵطҲҲ׽һͷ޴ΣģҸ㹱׶ȣ
û⣬ʦȻдģҶĳһȫʦǡҶеķţû˵ʹӦ׶ҵǲС书΢ѧϰʱʦָܹһҶĳм
˵Ȼһλ洫ʦ㣬λʦҲǴʥ洫ӵģп϶Ʒ书伮вٵġֻˬʵЦҾ͸
˶лʦˣҲܽʡһЩ׶ˡҶЦЦ

ͨϵĲԶһͥԺ֮ڣµʯڷżؼҶվһԣĬĬغš
Ҷļƻĺܿ졣
ͨڲŵʮ򣬸쾳ĸ֣һЩ۵ֻ֮࣬вʥ磬ŵӡ
ʮŵÿյĳԺͨ˵Ѿһ൱СĸˣڷһȥǿָɼḺ
֮вǿȵȥ񣬺ܿģЩѾӴŵǷ׷ȡȻ˸߲ҵسԭȥˡ
̶µʱҰɳԭ֮Ѿոʮ󻼵ĵطʮλ洫ʩ֮ͨɵΧѾⰻȻָЩЩոĵطҲ˴̣ԵΪֻǵȴһʱ޷ָֻ޲ˡ
ͷȥĻƲʮʱ䣬һǧ˰Ļɳԭܹոһˡ
Ҷ΢΢۾ë֮кȻ˿˿ƵİЩ֮ȴɢȫСָϸͬһ໴Ӥһ㣬ڴڵſĴ
ֻƬ̵ĹҶСλþͿʼȫʮѨ֮ҲһԲС
üλȴ˵⣬һ쳣ǿľ磬ķ
Ҷ֮󣬽ȫ
Ȼ֮䣬оԼļϴ΢΢Ĵʹ΢΢ָ֣о漴ȥˡ
ţҵħټҪ˰ɣҶзһ˷֮⡣
ͻʥ֮Ϊˣ𾳽ÿÿһ㣬Ҫһεħ٣ܹҪܾŴħܹ֮ɾ񾳣
ĵһħپ١
֪һٵپʲôأҶ˳˼֮ˡ
ͬʱԶԶȻ˳ƵĺŽǵһ޴ĻƳԶɳ۶
޴ƳͻƥԾͷ۵ʻеĳʵ۳һ㣬Ĳƴ֡
ôųҶ֮ԱǣҡշǺ¡
ǺǣǬƽ̣пյˣжȻƽ̵ˡ
˴ƽ̺ڵļλһˣһڵļӡ
̫ˡƳϵЦЦļӻ߽˴֮С
ɵɵĴлຮѳƤ
Ǻǣ˼ĵҲûʲô˼֮ǲ绥ӡ֤һΣǬպȻڵ
ӡ֤һĨֵɫЦʵѲ˲ɣҪͷĳӡ֤һɣ
ǺǺǣֲҪˣΣѾûʲôˡǬպǺЦеһɵ洫æҴ˼ŵôüŵӽһǻӡ֤ԱƷƷΣ


202 ı
ɫ΢ݣ֪̾϶߲߲
ֻҪ̽һ֮еǱʺʵҲˣǬΪƽ̣޵֮еĵһͷ˴ԳΪС£δ̫Сˡ
ҲãҾͽ֮еļӺ͹ɵĵӡ֤һµǳˡԥƬ̣漴Ա߷Ը˼䣬ȥˡ
漴ֲɫһˮĴָ˵㣬һѸٴӵϷԶ
ҶͥԺ֮УҶԺȭ
кȻһֻ˶ͷǻš
ף⻹ûе˳Էʱ䰡ôˣҶͷֻ񣬲ʵ
䣬ͷһ֮£Ѿ仯ƽģˡ
ƽ̣ҶæӰݼƽ̣֪ƽ̽ǰʲôô
絭صҶãҪŵдԣ²һ½Ŀĺڣ
ҶɫأصҪԣôȻٲҪĸͷˣϵĿո´˾ݷˣƽЩɺ𣿡
˼˵Ҫıһǧ˰Ļɳԭôɫصصʲô˼ɳԭȻռع󣬵ѾߣҪָֻңңڣҪƬطҲûð
ƽ̴Բ죡Ҷҡͷƽ̣׻ʳʱһǾʧǧһɵ֮ڣһǧ˰ĻɳԭǿǾԲֵǮģ˾ô˿϶ΪǱռԼȴҿɵʧ̫أ
һеⶸȻһɻˣ漴
˵ô죿翪ʵ
ҶصƽҪռȻҪĲǾ
ߺߣǬգһΪƽ̣緢һȫסˣȻ쬵һ³

ͨԱλãټĹ㳡ΧŲɵĵӡ
ƽ̵һ۵Ụ̊Ůɫۣ֮ȴ̺һɴһɫ
ŮѾѰˣһ񾳵ĵӣ
ƽ̣ɵĵѾѡûУǬշ˲豭ʵ
΢΢һЦͷƽ̹ˡ
˵꣬ԱʹһɫŮӺȻ΢΢һЦɵʮ֮ڣۼݣĪɣݴŵӶһдնħʵĽ˴αȶʵЩ棬ǰµĲͷֱȻҲС˰ɡ
Ǭɫʱһû뵽ŮӾȻƻˣôһؾ˹ٲҪƲˡ
̺һĨЦ⣬߳ӡ֤ҫ֮£ַǶĲôͳȲͷ֮£
ǺǺǣ޷޷ֱˬ죬Ҳ޷ǬǿһЦ֮¡
Ȼᵽˣôƽ̵ǲùŵļλСֶ飬ñЦͨСˡ˼Ƭ̣ӻȡһɫƬıӣƷѪޣҴӱѪħõģַڴ֮мʮɣϴ֮ѾƷķˣǹŵĵӮˣ͸ŵ֮úˡ
ǬһȻһϬĽ
ļ洫һ¶˹Źֵɫ
һıܻ֮
һ羹Ȼóôһͷʱˡ
޽֮еһļֵǿ޼֮ϲģҪթһѡ
ɵǺӣųɵʮڡݡˣ֪ȦףǬҲֻӲͷƤȥˡ
ǿش˸漴ȻˣҲСˣһأܹȡմ֮Ʒ
˵꣬ʹشӻȡһ̵ֻľʺεĲۣ沼ػƣǾмһֻ;ħۣ̺Ĵ֮
󷽵ذСӷϣҶһۣصͷվ͸ɫСˡ
ãá粻ЦǼթ
Ѿƽտ񣡽շҪǺݺһѲƲɣ
ȴһɡȻڵ
ҶӦȺ֮зǰ˳֮ˡ
֪λѣ³ͽһأҶ赭дص
һɫӰӯһƬѩ׵ë㣬ӿƮƮط䵽Ҷǰ
ѩɫ
Ҷжʱһɾ޵ĸоˡ
ŮǳЦߵҶǰҶȻоԼĶ־ѾʼѸټȥ
Сñ졣ŮǳЦλʦ֣ҪŶС˵ɾȭ
Ҷ漴תȭɢȻޱ飬ģǻġ
ľѾˣŮӾͨԪƻ֮Ͷ֮䶼һ־ߵȻ˶־Ȼû͹
֮ҲСŮԪƻֻ֮ŷǱĬҲ⵽ɣħࡣ
Ů޸֣ȴŮ󷨣Ͷܹ֮Ȼģʹ˶־ɢνս֮
ûô
ǺҶҲǳصģйȻ֮ϰߣоˡ
ҶɫȻ־ʮֵǿ󣬵Ҳ쳣ˣ̧һ֮£ֻкȻӨС⣬ƥһ㼫Ļꡣ
ȥ췴ֹĶ羢һը֮£д쬵ϸСı籩һ㳯ҶϮ˹
Щ쳣ϸСǾȴǿѷɫѰķ䡣
ҶԭΡȻ̧Ȼڿл
ֻĶ֮кأл˼СԲȦȻһա
һɿƥЩıһɾ޴һţС뼱پ׷׶һţȻѩͣعţѩһѸһ˶ѩ״
Ҷ̧֮£ѩ֮£һ㼱תƾıϬҲ涯ˡ
û뵽Լĵ⼼ܾȻôͱƽ⣬ҾȻ˸ɫرˣһҧ


203 ҶĿ
̧һĦ֮£еʮƬϸСıȻһĺ⣬д˾ҵ߽һݵСͽ
Ҷɫ΢䣬óĳϸıƿգӶ
ˮζʱڿѸһƬƬˮĽΣпԵ÷쳣
ƣ̧һ֮£С֮һεİ׹ױȵĿп˿Ҷٴɱ˹
һзǳĴϬһ˲Է߶֮£ɱٶȣһɲǾ˷һٻɱ
ҶûСһУ֪ˮֻҪӵ㹻ٶȣһܹʯοӲȸʤˮıأ
ỹǸգǵסһ֣
ҶѸζ֮£ܿϬıöȴشļͷҶشһȫĵһöʱһжˣļɹͷ˿˿ı˪
ʱ˿̣ʣʮƬͬʱ˹
ƣҶһָ̧һƥȻչ˿һָ֮£˵𵴵Ĳƣմըշ·ը˸̰Ȼըˡ
ԭڽ书ھȻȻá
һɸ͵һɲǣȻһ𵴣ҹĶкȻޱȾҵر
ҶһƾȻ˵ƣʱʧɫһ֮£֮дһһɵıתۼԼǰһ㾧ӨİԲǣرסˡ
ҶƵѾʵʵغıǽ棬һɾ޴𵴾Ҳ·Ҳһ㡣ЩЩҲҽʱ򣬷׷׷ıȻˡžһ౬죬𵴵֧飬ϸСıȻϡﻩһء
ЩСͳܲסٶȵĳڱҶһƵ֮£ʱ𵴳˷顣
Ҷ̧ٴηһһ֮£ر˳𵴵ıһζһʱ侹ȻڿжסΡ
ƣҶ˫ĦҷʮһŮӷı淨һӴ֮̾ͱɢˣմȾҶ߾ͱƿˡ
Ҷ䵽Сλãʳжָһһʹָ׵ĹָѸ֮һֱ˹
Ȼʹһ˳ȥصײ̨档
һˣɫʱ˼գȻݺݵض˶ţתͳһȥˡ
һͨҶʤԱ߸ֵĳϿ
ļɫʱЩ̫á
Ҷ³һǸɫŮȥһɫ۵ŮüԼеı˸
λӷҶһЦʵ
֮ƲҵŮ΢ЦСŮ䣬泤µӡ
ܴʦãɼΪȷ΢Ц
ȴǴһֽͶʦõĲм
Ȼһַ񣬲Ʊó˵Ķ֣ӵʵĶ֡
ɷģǲʦǰġһЦȳԿ
ǺãҾͲȳˡҶָָ̧һȻǼĵָס
һеָײѰһУȴ̺㾢Ʒļڶ꾢Ǳ
ָҵ֮£жش죬һǰ㻮һ⻡űѵ͵ػ˹ȥ
ҶĻ䣬Ȼ˫һ֮ȻһŹݵı̻棬ǰչ˿
̧ỮһԲ״ɱ̻ŵɫĻ֮£ػһ˶ı̻ܣʵʵҶҽһ
飡дըѵ뷨ը֮£֮зžžı
ƽֻǵֽԲȦ֮£ֻ˶ĻϺȻһزƣɱҵĻ棬ҶĻƾȻͬʱΣҶһ
ȻǷԪ񣿡Ҷͺһʱɫø⾳Ԫ֮оȻĻжķţʮֵĸ
ΪؿҶһֻۣΪ԰һЦҶֹˣߵȭ⣬ѵ߾ͲзԪô
Ԫǰͼʶˣֻûмʶ˸ģӣ϶Ҳ书ؼɣҶɫأӵɻ淨˱ԣл̺˺ж书ɡ
ҶֹȻǲѧšȻ漴˵ͷ˵ûߵȭԿ뷨ͼϵ⾳׳ȭ⣬ͬҲԿ޵ǿԪԪ֮бģŴЩҶּЦˡ
ҿ¿ɾЩѰˡҶЦһ
һʥöԸһ书ʥͬѲΪ߶īسɹˣѾ״˹ˣԶιеģҲóȥƲĳС
ĸֶѾǻսΪˡ


204 Ʒ֮ȭ
㻹ҾͲ̫ѿˡ֮ɫһЦָᵯһǣȻűɫĻ棬ҵıɫ⡣
ЩȻȴǰȥһֱߵı̻ۼ˲ʮʱָָ̧֣ʮ¡
쬣ЩⶸȻһɫĻеХҶ
Ͱˡ
Ҷ˵ĵڣ̧һһ֮£ֻһӿȻһ֮£ɱҵһһӾͳЩϡ
š꿦ꡱЩ˿Ȼžںٴ
ҶӶ͹˳
ৣʮű̻һ仯һ˸޳̳ǹųĻ棬ǹ涸Ȼһһ֮£ʮǹĺֶǹһǹƿ֮£ˢˢ˹
ҶаȣķԪıȻ־磡
Ҳ˷Ԫ񣬵ǸǰŮһȣ̾ͳ߹һˡ
ŮǱƷ׵ĻϵƷҪʤ誣ڷԪõľȺͱ仯ҲԶԶʤ
ҶѸʶˣԼؿײˡ
誵ķԪֻǵܹڿƣԼĹѣŮӵıķÿһŵĻ棬ڿбĪ⣬ȴһ书һ㣬ܹҶĹһܸս仯ǹȱ
ÿһŵĻ涼һ仯˵书֣
ҪĻЩ书ֶηÿǷ⣬ֻǲͣؽ
Ҷɫ΢䣬ֱ̧һ֮£һɾӨϹĵˮ绪һܣʮ˳ǹ档
ǹҵشУ˿֨֨ˣǹתȻʼһ͸˽
Ҷ͵һ֮£ѸƮƣ˫Ӷսձȭӭ̶ı̻ǹ˿Щ泤ǹ֮󣬾һ任֮£漴ֱ仯һ̻Сˣתۼֻһɽ󸫣һ裬һ͵ķХسն˹
ŪվζѡҶһĸͷЦһ
̫Ҷ̧һһ֮£֮кȻɳ˾εһȦ֮£ΧȻһ޴״УȻؽշĻ澡˸š
Ҷ߳һڳָһǵָףײڻ޸棬޸һ¾ͱ˿Ȼձ仯ըѳ棬ûЩٶ۳ΣҶץһǣϯ˹
Ҷз·һͷܹµľһ㣬ſ˾޿һͽЩ߮Ļ澡ȥ
ĸɻܣǾ̾ݵȴһһĥЩı̻棬ƾЩ̻ƴ޷ѿȴߵڡ
һ֮£Ȼ̧һˣѾҶɵĻȻͣҵһױ
ұ漴һ̧һָתԪرŻ棬ҶըˣȴҶȻ̧һƵĶɻ澹Ȼһʯ㣬Хسײ˹
ζû뵽ҶַȻ˵պݶ¶ʱʱ־ŭ߳һҲתԪˣתܿһǣҶϵŻߣ̧һǣŰ˻ؿʼڱ׷ظ䲻š
顱һһҵرը˿ʹһŻͬʱ֮ըˡ
ͬʱɳ˸ţʱը˸߻أڿнʮͣ
ҶһѲƴɣƴƴ˫ʷ
˭ķǿ˭ʤߣ
Ҷȵˣոڱըһ˲䣬ȫΧؾƵľķжڲһžɽķš
ϾߣȫҶ־ͨĸ֣ȻһҶܵ󣬵Ҷȴûܵˣļͳ̶ԶҶλʥʱ𵴵ЩŻ³ˡ
ǿ֮ظϵ·ըһƬڽ֮йһѪˣ̴͵³һѪˡ
ǵʱȴǽʵʵײһӰ
ЦҶѾߣʵʵײ˸ʱʧɫ˼֮£һӣһ𵶼һƬ֮˹
ҴⲫôǺǣһʥôܹʤĹһʥҶ֮ͬһε˫ֺ£һ֮£浶˿
ûתֻĵڣҶָһָ˸һ㾫⣬Яһɷ֮Ļһһһؿڵһ黤Ȼžһ˿ĻѾرҶ˿
ʧɫܵĵڣһ쳣͵һ˽һ֮£סʺ䲻ˣȴѾ޷гˡ
һĨ֮ɫ࣬ŭҶһۣͷãˣ


205 һָVSȭ
һʤҲǷǳľաҶ΢΢һЦ˹֣սսʵûҪŪʲô
⻰ʲô˼䲪Ȼŭ
ҶЦЦȻ̧һָһȻһ󸫣ƮƮس˹
˵꣬תһƯ֮£̨ߵǬյǰɫȻصܣڵ֡
޷ҶΪҪʤģ˾ˣȡٽˡ
̨ϵǬյޱ飬Եɫ
ΪеһȥۣǰľͨеӵʣһҶ֪һûгϣֻҪһ֣Щвĵӵʽ֮оܿóҶ书֮Բ̺ʥ⾳ʱĳǿʼͨɿʼ¹
ԶȻһĳХһɫӰбԾ𣬻̨ϣҶ
̨ôƺҶʵ
ġӺݣЦȻ
̨ͨɵŵӶʱȻģ
ŵʥһˣഫɾʥܹ֣֮Ϊ˸ƽ̺٣ûͷĽ׵ĺΪƽԴӳδܹһΣ
Ҷֻתһ̤֮£˻˲һ㣬ܿĵĹ
ţָһ£֮£жȻžر
ɫ΢䣬۾Ҷ˵ͷñ죬Ȼܹһָ
Ҷ΢Цˣһָƺûô
кȻҹһ쳣ӴľҶϮ˹ռ̷֮Ʊ
ȻҪҶȭ⣿
ҶȻһ֮ԼһӰȻ
һ˵ҵӭȥ֮жʱžر
˵ͬʱҵػζһ¡
Ҷý΢΢һ鸡漴վ˽Ųϰ͵һΣ漴ס塣
˸ոƾȭ⾫սһУȴǲʤ֮֡
ȣս𣬺رһ˫ֺһ絶㣬Ѹ˹
֮д˵һ˵ѸӰ缲硢ף˫ȴ̺һܷʯķ
һɲǼ䣬ټȭҶҺ˹
ҶһЦ΢֮˸𼦶ƣ̧һȦ֮£кȻϣǰһԲϾ塣
κת֮£ʮƿѸһ㣬Ҷķ˸֮УžƤƾκĴȴͬתϢһԴԴڵҶ˵תݣȴκβҶ̵Ļ⾢
Ľ͹ʮǶ޹һ֮£ʱ¶мɫٺЦѵֻô
Ǿ֪ζҶĿһȻָ̧һࣵһд΢ը
һӰĸϣĶپؿڷ·ǧ͵ôһ°㣬ʱʹһĵغ˼
ͷһֻؿڵ澹ȻһָӡѺۣѺΪģΧ·ȴǴ˿ĺһ㡣
ñ졣ҶصȻˣôǾһжʤɣҽʹҵľ
Ҷžػһ䣬صðɣҲֶΣ
һһҶһһ٣һʽһָĺһ̧һָ˶
һָѸƥشƥ֮жȻһݻͬȷϸСۻƵѿ߿ʼ׷׹Ȼӵһ㣬תۼͳһŲĴģϮˡ
ȻƬ֮󣬽ô֦Ҷ׷׵㣬ȻѸٿήȻȻأ󳹵׸໯˻ҽ
Աߵƽɫһһָ
һɼ˸֮ҶһӴ֮£ҶȻоڵȻһԼ·нľһ㣬Ҳ׷ɢ˿
ԼľƺҲüή
ĵһĨЦˣһֻҪһ֮£ƾԷΪٸҲҪɾħϳήʮа˾žҪ׵ķϵˡ
̣ΪƣҶ˫Ŀ֮УȻһĨӵĹâ˫һţ˫һ֮ɽХ
Һ֪´ľȭǷܹʤĿһָ
Ҷ˺ˣȻһɹǧ̰ؾһ쳣ҵɱ֮ӿһĻ˳ȥ
֮мһɺƴĵȻ˹ȥһ𢴦̣ɽҵľȻˣɼұĿһ֮£ʱ׷ը˿
Ҷɫ£ģָץһת
ǰȻһڣ·ط·𶼱һɲתմߵתһ㣬ԼĿһֵָס񱯺ţʧұľ⾳ʱͱ˹
ոĿһʱ̺ϻʵת˹ԭݰܵϢȻһɲת⾳ǿŤתһɲǼ˸ɸɾĵĿһָʱơ
һһһһϣʥֶΣΪ꣡Ҷƽ漴ָһת̶֮£Ķʱеһ޾Ļ˷ѹ˹


206 
һХһɷ·˲תĿһ㡣ľ֮еµһҶۡ
ɿӿ֮Уȴ̺һһɷ˳ȷʥڳ⾳
ʥڳ´󶨵⾳ǿһָɱȣ
ɽֵ֮УԭƵĻҰɫĿݰ֮һĺ⣬Һ·һݵһ㣬һ쳣ת֮䣬ͽĿݰһƿķ˹
Ŀݰһٻ˿ʹһĺʮŻѪ
Ҷͣסԭزˡ
ñˣһšˡɫĮȻص̾Ϣһ벻һָΪҶ֣û뵽㾹ȻҸΪƸ꣬˥¡⾳ȴǲ㡣
̫ˡҶһЦ漴ˡ
ҶǷ׽еĻʳĺȻʵ
һĶټҵ伮й״ԪҶ赭дص
Ҷδŵʱ򣬲ŻѾھ񾩣뿪֮ǰ»ʵǻʹһ״ԪͷΣҲʱź
״Ԫͷβģƾѧʶ״Ԫͷθֵ
ļλһ֮£ʱɫ΢࣬¶һ˿֮ɫ
쳾ģڳĴ˰Σ̾ϢѹˣҲҶ֣⾳Ҷ֣⾳ͻƺƿҲѣҶܹΪ֮
ĵԾЩġ
ǺǣͲͷֲˡҶһЦ
̨һԹϯ棬һͨɵĳϵϲɫһϯԵƽǬպһɳȴɫס
ȻɫȻգȴһݶԵĳ˼ȴûԹ֮⡣
ⲢûгҶ֮⣬ܹȾ磬ʽ֤ؽȣʧ֮ĸѾ׵Ӱľ״̬ˡ
ʥʥĵӸǵ书ǿģǺݶƥĿһָǿԪҲҪ֮ʴ˥ܶʵƥͨΪͨڲʥ֮Լ԰֮пһʱ⣬۲ﻨľĿ˥Ŵһָ
Ϊıݰ֮Ԫ٣ܹݰ֮߱⿪ɡ
ƽ̶ʱɫµȷʵǲҶҲµĵӣϾεͨɡ͡ͷΪƻһʧ˵ĵȴû뵽бȴɱһҶǴɾˣһһƷĵʵǿѼȥˡ
ܹ¶ģȴƨ¶ˡ
ЦеؽǸ˱ѪУֶǬЦƽ̣ǲ˼ˣأЦˡ
Ǭ΢΢鴤һ£漴ǿЦһ޷޷һأǬջ
ǰ˭֪ĵ޵еĹүַĿЩɿǱȲ˰ҲֻڹսµˡЦؽӹֻء
ǬյɫһӺƽ仰ǰĵӶһȺŷӵܣݰ廨ͷ
ˣĳ˾ȸˡǬչ˹֣赭дص
˵һ˦ӣĳϺ͵βƮȻȥˡ

Ǭټ֮еĿռڣġ졢ͬʱڵˡ
ĵƽ̣ܣ۵ƽʧ棬ƽ𷣡
޷Ҷ书⾳ȴǺܴǬͷڲͣصѪȴǵصһʱʧҲ֮УҪͨɵӣû뵽ȴԼʧ档
˶ʱͷ޵ȫͬ׽֮е޵߳ϣܷݵأǵǬֽĵˣѰѾû壬ΨľһƤλǰһǧ˰ĵԶԶȲǵƤ
ΪǳԽô޵ߣ츳Դ֮⣬뻷ҲйϵеѾҵԼĵеȴһʱҲⲢûйϵǬ΢΢ЦһεĿı̽һͨɵǱ书ѣˣ˾ˣûʲôã˴ýϸĦһĲܹ֮ȡ̣Ӷϼȡ˽ѵ֮
˶ʱ˿ˡ

ͨɵĴ֮СƽУҶ̨֮£ɫƽ޲
΢ЦʵҶ˴ʤкθûУ
ӮˣӮȴɣ˸֮Ҷ˼һ£̾ϢǸ䣬ԪѾ־磬ҵȭȫƲסˣֻڷת̫һҪӮҲѡ
ţзһĨ֮ɫʵǲô
ҶЦЦʤߣҲܹĨɱԼڵĳɾͣƽ̵ĻΪһǳֵѧϰ
ֿԴ޹ȭ⣬޸ͬҲͨ÷üɣַֻüϻ㣬ϾǸߣһߣܹƹԵ˼άһ㣬ѾǷǳ˲ĳɾˡ
ڶֵʱҲмָҫ˼ԼķԪʥɶֱûɸͷʱΪٶȲ죬Ҷʦռ˱ˣ˿ӡ
Ҷû˵ٻһ˵ʥ־ˣΪѾûˡ
΢΢ףصţʤǱ֤ܹʤܵƷʣܺúܺã͸㣬ȥúõķɡ
˵̧꣬һ£ƮƮƵǰ
Ҷ漴һ˼ƽ̣Ϊ̫ǳЩֻ»ʸʹƽ̽ջأ͸ͨߵĵʹã׳ŵʵ
жʱһĨ֮ɫ
˵ҲǣǺǣһҵǲˣ͸ӵҲأһͷ˵͸ģͲܸġǺһЦ漴ˣȴ㱣ţΪ𾳽֮ٽ͸ˣ´˹ͣʹҲʵ˵ȥˣ⼸գҲ£ҹУָһ


207 Ī
Ҷ֮߳ƽߵһȻתͷԱߵһصѦ֣㿴ûУ
кӰһϸֳֹվ˵УֵǺǺǣݼƽ̡
ϸԼĪʮ꣬ͷӻףо䣬˸һȦɫ֮УԼĻߡȸ˸
ͷѦ֣ʲôô
ƽ̣ƽˡѦЦ
Ŷ粻ЦˣѦ֣Ǽ֮һֱûгɫ˲ţΪߵҲضѣڵ洫ҿ
֮⣬ڵ洫һҲῴѦҵġ
ѡƽ̿϶ѦЦǺǵص
ŶЦһ˭˵
ոǸŵӾǲ
Ҷ粻ЦˣѦ֣ǲ
Ѧֶ˶ٹȣЦƽ̣ҲóƽҲرģɽŮ¼޸ʼܵԴѳɾ񾳣ܵһˣĵ⣬ѵ˫Ӯô
ǺεˣԵز׽Ѧеһ̰̾˹ѦǿҶӮȡˡ
һźĵܲܳɾΪ֣ǻж߾ǿڳɳĹ֮л᲻䡣Ѧֵңƽ̣Ҳ֪ԳϿһ׽ģҶ˴죬ѱԳϲ鷳ѦұӻƽҪʲôأ
ðɣܵȥƽΪѣǴӦ
ˣͶлƽˡѦֹһݣ漴ȥˡ

Ҷ֮ͨ˳֮󣬵ѾΧһȺˡ
ϲҶ֣ϲϲԱֻͳＸҶƽչϵϼѵŵ˹ϲ
ҶЦһһ֮ʶĲʶĵӶӵǰ̸ˣæҶת
Ա߶ʱеӿʼˣιҶִ˴Ӯأóôһʶһ°
ڳеĵ̾Ϳʼ׷׼һƬҺġ
Ҷȴز׽Ⱥ֮еļ̰Ŀ⡣
Ҷɫ΢ΣʵڱǸλ֣ƽǴ͸ˣΪգѾƽˡ
Ȼֹ˴ľؿ
Ҷνʼͷ̯˫֡
Աʧĵͬ˰׳һ㣬׷֮Աǣתۼ䣬ΧӾɢһ롣
ֻﲻԹصҶְòܴɵ˰ɣһ׬ȡٵĹ׶ȣʡȴٵ鷳
ҲҪҶеĵϼƱ׶ȸߵܹøĽӶܹͻƾ׽٣ɾ񾳡
ӽˮ˲ŻҪҶһ۵һ˵Щˣֻ¾һЩ񾳵ĸֶҪҵ鷳ˡ
ʲôƽ̸ĵС֮Աǵ
ˡҶ˰ֵ˵ˣӵев̫ã뻹ǽƽ̰ɡ
ȻҶ
ҶڡſкȻһԽһͯվǰɫư
Ҷһͯƽ̵һͯӣ漴ʵʲôô
ͯޱصݸһżƽҪ㽫͵ܵϵѦ
Ҷ֣ǽ˹ðɣϾȥ

Ҷ̤һҶۣƣڿǰš
һ׵ıûʲôֻǵķжѣҶȻʥǲܹʤγ;еġ
ܵͨɵ̳ԶҶȡۣܵķֱ֮Ӿͷ˹ȥ
ԼĪ˼Ĺ֮ҶԽ½أһƬ֮С
һ·ǸӦ˲ٵ쳣ǿϢǿͨɵı־֮ЩϢ̾ɢȥˡ
Ӧǵ˰ɣҶһһ˿һټͼӰԼǰɽɭľ־ʮ־ϸ
Ҷһı־ܵľ֮󣬵ȫ۷ȥˣڿдһˡ
ԼĪһʱ֮ҶſܵϣƬ쿰һ츣أܲĹľȻߣ߷ˮȻ
һʥذҶһ䡣
Ҷۣسϻ˹ȥ
ߺˣȻҴܵһö
ҶҪڣֻԶȻһŮӵӰ̧һǣһƬƼٷ˹֮һɫĻߣ羢뷢ּ־سҶ͵Ϯ˹Ĺâӳӡ
Ҷüͷʱһ壬תһƵľ֮һŵɫĻ́һָƣ
ŵɫĹһײŻ֮УȻ¡һһըѵĲɢ˿Щ꿴ºͣʵȴǼıңһըѿըѲһ֮£ʱķӦնɻպ˰죡
ôĵӣȻﶯ֣
ͷɫڣݾɫŮһѩı̧һָ৵һһѩĽιƿճҶɱ˹
ߣҶ͵һ֮£ҵķƽ̶𣬶һͽڽˡ
ţ۱ָ֮£һ֮£ϸתۼڿлͷۼٲȻҡͷβſͿɫĽιһš
񣡡кȻһˣ߰Ӱӵз˳סŮ
λС㣬ѦŵģǴˡҶһ
ŮɱݺݵؿҶһۣĿ֮оȻŨŨķߺ֮ɫ
ҶӣɣкȻɹһⳤֱֱؽҶĽˡ
糤ŵĽ֮£ҶһûʵլԺ֮С
֮жһ߸ϣֳִɫͷȣ΢̬ϸˡ
Ҷż㣬ݵҶݼѦϣӴǰǷƽ֮ˡ
ϸ˷еż㣬ޱ飺Ҷ
ǡҶиеЩ֣ôѦҵ˶һУһ⸱޲ó˵ģ
ǲҶ񾳵̫̫
ţʵΪǲǿ⣬е֣ҲѵˡѦùȣ˹ص
ҶִŰĽѵЩȴĪ˵ˣ˼һͽѵң
漴ֵҶѦֿɻʲô´ظƽô
ҪʲôˡѦطеż㣬صƽ̾ʵмǱ׸ѦңǴӷֺ쳾֮طģǼҵȻ֮ŮҲܹʵġƽ̵ķϣҲӦŻ¡
Ҷʱľؿǰ·𷨹зһ̫̫
ȻѦҵŮô¶ҪΪѦ룬Ī˼
Ҷ·һ㣬ֱص̫̫
֣˵ʲô


208 ܻ飡
ȻúͻȻҶǳ׹ˣԼѾƽ̵ʹͺ£Ѧҵ
ϸոλѦְ˸߸ϵĿһ޷ƵŭĿڵһֱҶţͷ͹ˡ
ȻȻǿѦɶӷĵӣڵĹʵһӵġ
ȻҶʵǳǿҲչֳӦǱ˴θΪ棬޷ıһ񾳸ֹӡ
ƽҪͻ飬ѦҿȡģΪѦҴпҶϵǱټѦһʽ΢һŮеҪһλӵǱĵ֧Ż
ҪǣҶ˴ӮöƷĵκγ϶Ϊ֮ı
ҶƾܵʹͣѦҾûֹ˼ɣѦҵŮ֮ѦҵĳϾͻֱ׳ƽ
ոѦֱֵǼҪҪƷôֱ׳ǳĿһ㣬ʵҶһ˲䣬жѦֵﵽ˼㡣
Ҷ˵ͷһڴȻ̧ͷĮص˵ˣ
˴ѦұҪƾܵ׮ƵĻ£Ѧֵһ˿̱ͱӵĻҶʲôҲˣֱӾƵ
Ѧּ˶Լ˵ʱвã漴Ȼص˵ˡ
Ҷͷ˲豭ôҪ£Ѿ׼Ƶ
һԼȳԾһԱڵ紫˾ˡ
˵ʲôҶ˵һ飡ѦֳԾؿǰҶ
˵ҪƵ£ҶüëصѦո˵ģѦ޵ʷƾõļ壬ҶֻǸո̤Ͻһ¶ʵ䲻Ϲǧ𣬸ոҲ˵ˣһ֮ŮҲܹʵģǼȻˣҲͲиˣˡ
㡭ȻҾܻ飡Ѧַ·ҭסһ㣬ʱڵ
ûʲôĻӾиˡҶǿѹͷŭǿ¶һЦ˹֡
ȵȣѦֲŵؿȻЩڳˣɡǣƽµġ
Ѧ֡Ҷصƽȥ˵ˣΪЧңҲҪһЩɵľ񡣡
˶٣漴ֵûбʲô飬Ӿиˡ
˵꣬ת첽߳⣬ͳȥˣڷѦ֡
֮⣬ǰǸֵŮ˫ĿԱǰӳӵĿݺע
ҶҲһۣתߡ

ǻŭҶֱ֮Ӿͷɻͨɡ
Ϊһŵͽ׵ӣԼȫƽУҶǲ
һ£ܹȴһˡ
Ҷֱ֮ӾͷصͨɵĴ֮ˡ
ףҶʦ֣ˣվڵڵͯӿɫҶǰʵûϲ㣬Ҫ׸Ѧˡ
ϲƨҶɫ࣬صȥƽ̴һƽ̡
ͯһ£漴תص˵ڡ
ƽڱϣڹۿеһᣬͷϼ˿ơ
Ҷݼƽ̡Ҷ漴һ
Ҷˡ΢΢ЦΣѦŮɡ
ƽ̵Ļʵڸʲ𡣡Ҷƽص
Ŷ۹һû˿ŭеᣬЦܵøһɰɡ
Ҷɫƽصƽɣʵɣ
Ҫ
ѦСɫ㣬Ź㣬ǸոմӷǴһ棬ҶݣѦҵһŮʵڸʲ𣬸ο֮ŮȻˣҲȥˡҶѦֵԭ˻ȻΣӲԸ׸ѦңԼĶ״򲻶Լģ׸Ѧ֮󣬾ԼĶҲΪѦҵġ
۹˸Ǻεȵľ̾Ͳ²⵽ѦΡҶԭˣɵҡͷЦ
޴ѦôǸ㲻أԽдɾ͵ˣԽаҶ˸һͷ˳ëľ¿ǣŲߴŵӣѹܣ
Ҷ׸ѦңѦǧĸֵ伮ѦȻ΢ԴҲԹ֮Ҳ£ʡȴĿ๦źȴӦָкһ漴ɫº͵ʵ
ҶޱصҴӦҲܴӦѦҵĵ伮ٶ࣬ѦҲûжٽܳ˲ţֻҪģˮ޲Ϊʦ
ҹȻΪ˰ѦˣǺγΪ˱أ΢΢̾ϢΪƽ̣ΪˣҲбصĶܹ޼ɵȥ㣬ϿʵҲϣ;زۡ
ƽ̣ѿҪҾҪҲҪ
ãâȴޱ飬ȴḧƣͷԣʥҵλ˲ѦϳϵӣѹһֻҲѦϽˣϾѦҲǱɵĳ֮һ
ҶվԭأĬȻ
ѦֵĿĲôģǿҶʺǱʵʵڵؿҶ˴Ӯ
ƽ̵̹ϣֱԲشѹȴǲû̫ĶУ˵лǶΪصģ̹Ȼ̬ȲȨ
Ͼƽӵ㹻ʵֻҲΧЩѹˡҶȫܹƽڵĴ
̧һָһƤҶУǱŵġڻûȥϸһɣʥ֮ǷȱᵤƳħٵĹؼȻ˵뷨Ҳǿ㣬Ȼײ˳ϣ˳ϵӣȻҪΪԼΪۡ
Ҷ˼䣬ϤʣһЩҽҲӦ֪ԼҪʲôɡ
ҶĬȻͷлƽָ㣬Ѿס
Ȼȴòˣûȥɡ̧һӣϴδӮõľ̾ϢȥɣԻᵱİ񡣡
Ҷһתȥ


209 Ӫ
Ȼû˿⴫Ҷܻ黹ڴķз
ּԭۼҶߵȺѣҶƾƽ̴µĵ֮󣬾ɢһ룬Ҷܻ֮ɢһ롣ֻгֻＸŵɼᶨƵվߡ
ʵƽ̵İţҶǺ׵ģƽ̻ǺܹģҲܹԵظоһ׸ѦңѦֿ϶뷽跨ֻ֮ͺѦûйϵˡ
ʵĿ
ڵˡ
Ҷ֮ͨУͷ˶еƽ̡
һ쳣ϬʵʵĿͶҶ΢΢һתʮλվԣĩβλõѦɫ쳣һ˫ۺݺݿҶһۡ
ϵһע˹ˡ
ҶΪʥӪҪһ㵽ӪΪͳһְ΢ЦΣ
ӪҶֹ۹бɨֻ֮Ա߼λ϶ͬɫӵ¶Ϸʵɫ
Ѧ֣¶쳣ɫغһ
Ѧ֣֮ȴȻҾܾǲ֪ôȥֿĵطҲܣ
֮ѾǴˣ˶֪һ£½ҶȻܾ׸Ѧң˶ŭ˱ʮֿƽ̣䷢䵽Ӫ֮УʾΪͷ
˵ʵҶǲڰ²ܲͷĵѦֵȴֱӾʹԭߡ
ǲѦһɳʲô۶ֻҪûŪ֣һϣѦǾʲôġ
Ҷͼַ׸ΪѦָ߸ϵᵽ˼㣬˵زүүүʥΪǴӷϽģǱڣƾ⼸ɾѾ㹻ˡ
Ȼˣαң
˼֮Ҷɱ䵽ֵطҲԲӦѦҵĻ¡
ԸȥҶٴιһ
΢΢̾ϢһϧصȥɣӪǱսһ֧սȥúõصһ°ɡ
Ҷƽ̷ģһúִӪ䷢󣡡
ȷǳؿҶĻƻǶıԲܹӦȫ֣ҪҶʳڣƽ̴ϿԼʱӰӣԼʤ
ĳ˵ҶѾֹƽ̵ͬˣǱΪˡ
ƽҲƽ̱صķһҲ޷ʹࡣ
ôŹȻΪѦֵ̰ҪĻϣҶܹѦҵԴѸٳɾ񾳡
ɼʹǲ˵ƽ̣ܹ㾡ûһǾҶİ

ҶڵͥԺ֮УĬĬվԭء
͡ҶȻ̧һǻӵһε
ΰûʲôϡ棬֮ϢоȻ˿ռ䲨ƣɴ˿ɼ̺ķٶȡ
ž
׹֮õĽƾһϢնˡ
ҶһԼ֣˲ɱֵľѾҶ۷ľ硣
Աߵĵ֮һεİ׹ζٻ̽˰ӣصǺǣܹôϽһƷ
ֹô򵥰ɡҶԼƣƵصžöӦ컯ȭеĻȭ⣬ܹնɱһеķ־Ҳԭڡ˵ٻ㵹Ǻܻѡ򡣡
СӴٻе󣬺ٺһЦζصүǿǵ״ſĹѡľúаɣ־ѧˣ㹻ݺˡ
ҶĿΧȡԴԴϵӿ˹ѸڣܵĲ㡣
Ƿ˼֮УųһǴУҪķһʱܹ׻ָȴƬ̵ĹѾָ˹
޽֮вʮֵĴ
ܽ־һץ֮УжðҶ̧ص
Ҳ٣ٻͼҪˣеΪѾˣû뵽Ѿıһ⼸žǶһץ֮䣬Ҹ˵֮ûĶˣûУǶôƴһ׮̣ҲҪħٲУ
ҶЦһո뷨ȻЩ񣬵ͬҲ˼·ܵģȴǿǧ򻯡
ؾڵһƷ书УֲСȴͨƵĹȻ󣬵һץ֮£ȴҲѰֵܹ˵ġ
һץ֮£նҪץѺ˵ǻˣƾԪԵסһץ
ƽ˲ɱֵָơɽ֣ЩƷһ׵书öӦҶȭ⡣
Ʒһ׵书Ʒ书Ͳͬˣʥĸֲܹ
ԤƽҪڸҴͨءҶеᣬĵ̾
ƽ̻ǺܹġٻצһҳŹֻҪȥܿͻᲽ׵ĵˡ
Ҷ۾һ漴ʵ֮أ
ٻͺٺٹЦȻħˣħٵһص٣
֮дһֻζƺǳڴҶɽʱģ
Ҷɫħӷ̥תΪһҪḶ̲́쳣ʮֵʹѰŲħͬŲһ㡣
ٻͼ䲻мص˵ʵͨɴڵЩүϣͨء
ҶڵվŭŶͷôľѧΪʲô㴫ڸңҵĺҵģȻҲ˽
ʲôãٻͰһۣ̾Ϣкܶ书ү綥֣лм书ǳʺʥǡ½֮õЩѧóȻ㣬ȻˣӰС
Ҷʱ
ȷˣ½֮Ѿʥǽ޵еĴˣѧٶľѧû壬˵ˣĻ»ӰľΪ
ڿԴڸ˰ɣҶó˵ݺݵؿ
û⣡ٻͺٺһЦ


210 
Ҷǳ⴫ˡ
ҶæеĵػԼУ˴ţֻ˹
ԴҶ䵽Ӫ֮֮ո׼ҪĵӶʱܵӰˣֻгֻϵ
ʦʦ㣿ôпյˣҶЦЦӣһȲ裬
бһԱߵķõİЦǺǣҶ־ȻܾѦҵűƽ̰ŵӪ
ǡҶغеᣬνЦЦҲ޷ڳʱڵļž
ôˣôҲͿ鰡һ۵
ҶЦҡҡͷû
㶮ƨ⻹˵ôҶ־ܻ֮Уܻǹ£üһĨ֮ɫһѦ漴ּ䲻мصѦ֮пǳĿ̱һᣬҶǴ׼ģҪкû˵Ź֣
˵һ˫ĿһɳЦѡ
Ҷ˴ӦҲſأѦҽһֱʽ΢֮ûʲôɫ˲ţڳϯлѦҵĵλģԲŻᱻƽ̸£ܾѹƽȻҪѹˡ
ѩؾѩذɣòؾڵĵ伮纣书ǲӦ㹻ҲһʱˡҶȻЦƽҲΪ˱Ҷѡ
ص˵ѵúܣȥӪҲãǸطȻЩǲᵽģ㹱׶ڵļֵܴյķӣЩȥ򡣡
óԼҶһϣʮҶ֮У漴ݸһ
ô๱׶ȣҶȻ
ֻػ˻еƵǵȻ̸ǵУʱ䣬Ǽڻɳԭڷ˴ˣǼѾ˸߲ˣ컹һ֮ҵ˼ء
ҾˡҶɵЩ׶ȣ漴ֽǿ˹תʶϸڿһ£ʱһһ֮ȴ˽ǧ书
漴ʵŶ޹»Щʲô𣿡
Цصﲻ͸ģԤ֧ĳͣʱ䣬Ҫȥ׽һͷ޳𡣡
Աߵĳʱһ£ȵؿŻʦ㣬ֱǷˣ㶼ǣ
ﲻмصλױƷ߲ȥ֪ıԣʲôҪôһͷƯΪ
ϵ˷֮ɫҶȻʧЦ벻λʦ㾹Ȼͯδ漴û⣬ʦͰͷݵϰϺսʽңʱʦ㾡ܵӪңһȥˡ
ʱϲ
ʦ㣬֪˭ˮ׼ߣ˵ʥĸ֡Ҷʵ
ֻȻʵ
Ӫ֮ΪҲܹ¡ҶҲҪߵΪڡʥľ㹻ˣǣһ⣬ÿٹ׶ȣ
Сӣ˾Ȼô󷽣ﶼȥˡֻզ漴һЦû⣬ʶأһܼ

ʰеװ֮Ҷ漴һ۳ĵȥˡ
һͬеģͨ޸֣޶ѾڵΪˣΪȻߣرרڵĵλȽϵ£һֱûеõϺõϣƽҲֻһЩͨĲƣҶرһ˵Ʒ֮漴ʹӦ
Ҷرÿһɽһзںͷ£ΪԼЧͰ꣬ȻԺ󶼰ÿٹ׶㣬˶ʱϲ
ûĵطҶվɳ̲棬Χ̲һƬ쳣Ļĵͺͺģֻмѡ
浹вٵЩԵΪҰֻΧƤƤƶɵƤȹӣŮŮˡ
ιʲôˣʲôˣһִԲľɵĸ棬һϰһƤĺӣذѹѾӴդϣ˹ʵ
Ҷ۾βŵģӪͳһְ
йȥѴһɣסĵطϢУҾһڵġǺӵ˵ָ˫ּȥˡ
Ҷüͷһ壬˳ָȥֻһɽ֮У˶һһصСԺӣҰڣһҴĻľһ㣬û˿򣬵Ϊ׼ʦô󣬱䵽Ӫĵӣǧˡ
ҶѾֲߵĳಲӣתߵڴ˸ƣʾסԼĶ䡣
ҶĻضסԼĶס
Ҷ˵վɳ̲棬˺֮󣬺ȻһظλһҵȻܿڳХˡ
Ӫĵӣεͳ
޴ʵ󣬻Хɽһ㣬أ𵴵ĵĺɳɳɳˣΪĵȻѾס˶䣬ҶĴХ֮£Ҳ𵴵ȫⷢ飬ɫˣԭ¥渺ڵǸಲӱ𵴵ش¥۷ֱؿҶ
ֻƬ̵Ĺ֮󣬵λõЩ˵Ժ֮УѸٳһȺȺľĵˣǿ첽ظϵҶǰ


211 к
Ӫ֮ǧˣǧˣȴһǧˣ쾳
Щӵԭ쾳磬Щȴһٶʮͻںڵľ磬ʣ˶Ȼ쾳硣
ЩԭǶҶܲðģһҪģҶչֳԼʥʵ֮һɢģҶĶ֮£վų˶С
ЩɢƦҶûʲô뷨Ͼɵʧ󣬶פҪأӦڴ˵פǣƽ޹ʽ⼸ǧž׳ǿûɸ书ܲģԹǲŽй¡
Ҷ˳վŵĵһ·˹ȥЩӵгŵġЬġŰӵġŻģһ¹ڲҳµܺ紵յɹʹЩӵļ˹ͭɫȥһı֮غЩҪ
ЩӵлͲסį˺Ůġ
㿴һĻûһߵģҶҡҡͷ
һصֲǣǸﻹҪ£
ɲǣԼѵͲʲôǿϢôҶȵΪ˱ԼѵǾͲܹԼǿ󣿡
һӪĵǶʱĬ
ǵĴͳ졣Ҷɫˣһʱ䣬һҪһҲûʲôҪǵģﻹһЩȥһ˵ܹͻƿΪ⣬һҪϸϢʱ䣡ÿ춼
ڶŻָ˼ȤؿҶģ
֪ҶɵİŶԹԣΪҲǱ䵽ġҶעڵӣǵЩˣ漴һתҪ˵ǣԴǵѾɵӡˣһԼɾǵӪƼȻһֱдڣôһɻóҰϸϢеķҪǣҲָܹɾ񾳸֣ϣܸǿһʵִܹ֮оıסԼϣÿһ˶ܹ߳ÿһ
ڵǱҶ£ĬȻ
ãʹ쿪ʼɣȸ׼סҶ䣬ϺȻһ
һͷδˮףһ޴ĺӺһԾһ¶ͷ漴ŤˣȻҵ¶˹Ķǧؾˣһͷ˹֮󣬺һ̾ͱĨȥˣͷ޴ĺſһںƴųĿзȥˡ
ˣҶȻŭ͵һţ˻һ߰
ͷҲƲ磬ſڶ׼ҶһɫĶ
ɶ֮ΧĻľԾݰˡ
߸Ҷŭһ˫ƽӶ֮£ҴһɹɷҷɵĶ۳һСš
ͷ׼ɵ⼸ʱ򣬱ҶסѪ޿ڣȻֺ̧ݺ֮Уɿɡ߶೤䵶ľ޴ҶһˣɫҺѪٲһĿ˳
ʹ쳣͵ſѪͳҶҧ˹
ƣҶȻһ֮£ڿжȻɾŵӰٿѾͷߵͷϣ̧һȭһȭͷߵľͷλϡ
ƾ֮γɵһε𵴲˲ʹͷߵľ档
һͷͷϵļصƬʱһ˳ȥ¶˾λСһƬ׻ˡ
Ա߸ϹӪĿɿڴؿҶͷǵھˣԴﶨӵʱͷѾﶨˣܵͷһӲƤɵǼѰȭá
ҶƾȻܹɵķɴ˿ɼҶȭѾﵽ۷ľˡ
Ҷһ̧һ򢣬תۼͷͷ棬ָճһ״ȭӡһȭʵʵشͷ֮䡣
ͷͷѪɽ͵ذͷһ˻񱻳˽һ㣬ڿм֮صڵҳһټĹԵĿġ
쾳ھĵ޲զ࣬һ
û뵽û뵽ͷ߾ȻҶɾһȭͽˣ
Ҷ̧ͷ޴ĺߣԱηĵӵȥͷƤˣܲƳƤ׳
ԱӪ̶˹ְ˽ŵذȥˡ
߲Ƶ֮УЩٺؿָҶ͵ϵعڵأ૵š

ͷ֮󣬼ڵӶʱٸҶˣתʵʵÿտʼ
ҶϸѰһƬջȷʵƬֻ֮ҵ崦Сȴţëϸ˼һ֮󣬽ЩСȫֳһһģֱ𶼰Щµ쾳ߵǣȫ滮ˣֲ֮е̵
̵ɽʳŨڷ֮£ܹΪֻȴֻܲĵ򿪱ٳѣ˴ҶʱǴ֮д˲١
ӪĵǶʱϲȸԾҶѾ»˭ѳ̵ֳ֮Ͻһٲ֣ʣľ˭ڶԭΪɢĵǵ֮̾Ϳʼ̶̼µʱͽȫ˳޵Ӹ𿪿ѣ޵ǸƲ꣬


212 ħս
Ҷ̤ڿлطţһȻԵá
ټĵϱ鲼֮УһСȰεضӭƮȴһƽ̨׭׵󷨣ϿһСƬ֣һƶֱͶ֮УȻɢ˿
ҵĻĵ󿪷չˣڶ񽣵פΪģΧЩߵĵ춼˳ȻͳһֲȣƽҲ׹ֻǴغ֮ѡһΪڸǣһЩÿֻҪ۲Ѳһճɼɡ
޽֮ر֣̣һ꼴ɳ죬ֻʮֵĿ̣һǱҪɽ磬ǱҪֲϣһòһ󷨣֮еȲС
֮һгڴ֣ͨķ˳ôһھܱ죬ÿǼһͭƤǸอʦѵ֮УһҪٲб־޴ںʥǾ͸˵ˣҶʱרŷɫƳȵ
Ҷתɻصѵ֮к󣬳֮еȻȭҶָ֮ЩӾͻƵĺܿ죬Щ޵Ϊ֮ǣҶͨ书Ȼ֮Ҳʮֵľ̶̰ͨʱ䲻Ӫ˶ʮڣʮڸ֡
Ҷ߽ԼңҿĻ֮¶һټɳ̡
ɳѾɽʮ־ϸ඼һѶѾСɵ˺ͭˡ
Щ˴쾳޺ޣͭ˴ڡ
֮ǰҶѾһ¹Ӫ֪ʶӪҪԸҪĿ꣬Ҫװʲôĺװε޶ȵطӳȺս
ӪҪԸĿħ͵ħһ壬ҪĿħɵĵӣٴҪĿǶԸȺԵħˡ
ħ͵ħһ嶼ĿӴȺȻϸԶȱݣǲǲ߱ǻۣħ֮еħ͵ħ֮еħʶǵĸˣʵѷɫɵʮڵˡ
ɵʮںضħԼħɶӵĿӴĵײආɵЩɶ鶷֮䶼вĵĹ涨ͷܲ񾳵֮񾳵ĵӲܲµ˭Ҵأ˵ԼԼ֮⣬Ȼ⵽ɵͷıʹ
ҲΪصĴڣһִʹӪĽɡ
ƽ£Ӫ֮ҲصЩɳǵߣӪڻķˣԭӪеĵӶ䷢ķºͱҲͣͷˡ
ҶȴûеùҹͷȻλȻҪıѾ¶˾ҪӪ֮еһ֧ͷβľ
ſڴ˽Ųˡ
Ҷ˱ʣɡ
һź˲˹Ҷʦ֣񽣵ΧȺѾһˣǷҪͣһͣˣ
ԶԶĲҶһ²ԶĵϣдеһƬߴ
ʱ䣬еĵҵ֮ҲֲȣҶ
ʦ֣ôɵֻҲԲ˰һӲüص
׳գǳԲѵͲôҶһеĸֱޣصҴ˻һ𵤶ԲȫƳȵ
ʦֵ˼ǡƺʲô漴۾һ
ҶָָȺķ򣬼Ӷʱϲ԰ȺϵȺɢͷϵвͷϻȡ
ҶصҲ˵̫ˣû㹻ʵֻҲǱ۸ķݶһ˿չ˲Ҫ
ʦַģڶӷ·𱻴˼Ѫһ㣬һʱͷӶ˷
ͺáҾͲ˵ʲôˡҶ΢΢˵ͷ
ͬʱԱ߹ӰǸոҶһͬǰͨڵӡ
˵ٵߣһٴ֮
ٵʦ֣ոѾˣڴ˴ɽ֮г꼳ȡ֮⴦ɽеڷ󣬿Ƴһַ𣬿֮й涨ģӪڵͨɵ֮ڵĿȫִơ
ȻйأҲԱͨģѾƽ̷һ룬Ӫо͵زȡƽͬˡҶ΢΢ͷȴǷɿ
ھĵӿλĬʦ֣һʱ䲻֪˵ʲôá
Ҷ漴Ըһ̹֮
Ƭ֮ѵ֮̾˹
ƽ̵ӪʲôôҶʵ
̵֮ʦ֪񽣵֮һֱɵפĿĲҪǷޣҪǷȺħսЩţëɢޣȺһռѷ죬һħսʱħгû
ɢ޲ǺܶôҶʱ¶һƻЦ⣬صȻɢޣΪʲôأ˵ܹǵĿеõһЩõϢ
飡Ҷ͵һӣԱߵ˶һôˡ
ЩʯھȫƳͷɽҶһָ˵ҪǰеĿұ춼ʹɽͱһҪãҪۼͷеĹܣõô
ĵӶʱ漴ͷԸʦַԸ
ҲһҶصֻﳹ׿֮ͨҲԽƳ׺Щɢ޻ཻףȽлǿһ㹱׶ҪǿǴӦˣҰǻɱһͷĽΪΣ
̾뵽о޴̻ʱϲԸΪʦЧͣ
ܺãǾȥæɡҶ΢ЦŰ˰ֵ


213 ʥ
ҶӪħս֮ɢȺȺɢ֮ҲѾ񾳵ĸ֡
ȺеЩɢ޿νħãǵзҲħսʱûħһ壬ʵͬСɣЩɢһ򶼲ӪҪΪӪ˱̫ǣɵͨɵǵҲ¶ˡ
ҶҪͨǣħսĶһЩ˽⡣
֪֪ˣܹս
ȺɢҲǳգ¶һֱİ͵⣬ҪЩ˹ͨҪӵǿʵ
ɢȺ֮⣬һħʵǿ̾⴦ħһͷ˵ħϻһڰĵҾͲ̫ˡ
ϢͦͨҶһĺӵ
ĺӽˮ壬ǵҶ񽣵ʱǸڵĺӣΪȻΪȴǾǿɣϲΧϢʮֵͨ
ˮ֪ҶƽѵץϣжʱЩڨЦʦƽվϲħ֪һԡ
ˮ壬ΪӪڵصһͷɽ㲽ھ֮ٴ͸㡣
ˮʱסˣգգ۾ûܴ޴ľϲлҶ̽ʵͳˣڿЦɡ
ҵڿЦ𣿡ҶҪ㣬ҪĹڱӪ˵ǷǳҪʱһ鱨ܾһӪֵܵף
޴ˮŶͦڵһվֱˣͳ˷ģһúȡղڣ
һж㲽֮˵ʵ̫ˡҶȡһƿԪݸ㣬ΧԲǧڵĵ춯ҸҲҪӲƴֻҪ鱨ȫ⣬ӪкʵѡҲԵ¡𣿡
ˮ嵱ס˼סˣлͳʦ֣
תֵߵߵܵ䳡ȥˡֶһˡ
Ҷ³һڳƤָߵŷ֣ħħ㿪ɣ
뵽Ȼо΢΢˴ĸоˣ蹬оҵһ޶˶˵ķ֮ӿͷ
Ҷаݣæ˼ƽϢɷ֮⡣
ֺĸоħٵһؼҪףҽҶо״غƵоܣʹʹֶ۵Ӹĸоĥˡ
޵ľ׽ٿͨӡԪ߽ݱܣʥħٷȴʮֵͻȻ˷ʤҶʱһֱں;񣬶ûпԭ
ڵȴħٷȥȴ¡
˲˴ͳ죡ˣ
ҶشϷתһس⡣
ֻߵλãһĽý޳ɫӰ趯ӪĴڶһš
ϴҶɱͷͷ£ͷĺѾģˣǱ仯һĳ󺺣֫޳ϲ˹߰ƣһ˫ϸС۾˸̵Ĺâ˲ȴһβͣȭӽĺӪڶһš
ڵΪߣѵҶĽ֮£˽󷨹һ壬ҪôһأҪôһͷĺͬһתݣݰӰмܼȭӰӰֱͷĺ۹ֽвѣȴȫ޻֮ˡ
ҶභǾ
ƵˣһȭһŶ˿ɽʯľͷϾȻͷɴ˿ɼͷ˺ǿĵزˡ
ͷư֮£ڲͷˣ໵һֽУͷȴһɫƣۻһ޴Σſҧ֮ľԾݰ
ͷܹߵָ㣬ڵѾһߵľˣҲĶҺߵԪͻûҧԵС
ѾѷɫѰıз֮Ҷʥ֮ҲǲضãҸ˾綾
ԪȻȴǽߵԪʥ֮ѣȲǴԪҲǴȴ
еƴڸַ磬һɾ磬סͷųԪ
𡭡⼸ʥʥôãڸоЩƣˣ͵س˻һ֮޳ýһڣһ˲ٲˣˮ֮г˹ȥ
У󺺿ЦһȻ³һɺɫоӣһ²Եüˡ
Ҷһ֮£ռ̤֮ɵͷߣ̧һȭֱš
ѵҵ֪ʶôٴηһɰȻڶתۼͻһͷ͸ſ޿ڳҶ˹ȥ
ͷ߱Ǹ߽׵ޣڵѾĽ׵ΪˣѾѷɫ壬򽻵Ҳѧ˲ĵټһ׵СආԳΪ
εڿи¸¹ЦһȻһӰһ㳯Ҷ˹
ǱסˣҲᱻȫձҶ漴һʹһж׵ͨһת֮ವһͳз˳ȥ
Ҷһ˫Ʒն縫һ㣬һɲǼʮ
飡Ҷҵ֮£ʱ˻ҶȴоʮճĽˮһѹ
üһʥ𣡡
Ҷ֮£˫һɲǼںȭ
Ľ⼫ʵֱ𽺻ҪޱȣҶ޼᲻ݵȭȻ޷˼Ƥ


214 ľ
ոһ뺣Ƥ֮̾ͱʵĽƤ赲סˡ
ͷʥһס֮ƤϵƤƬƬֱļ֮УֱʹҶС
ģҶʱһȫһת֮¡
ľҶ߳һһָʮϸƥɫм˳ɫ֮˻ɫ
ľһŴһ㣬ѸپͷĿڱ֮Уľʹ˺Щĵط
ѾȻ˿ѲľѸ˺ڣ̵ʳ˶ޱȵʹŤݣʱɿ˽Ҷˡ
Ҷһš͵ش˳ˣȫ·ѾȫˣڴڴŴ¶ļ˿ȴѾ˸ոƬĵѪۡ
ڱǶλõεδѪֽһ͵سҶ˹Ҷɫأһ
кȻɢһɫĹȦϸϸ¾Ȼоŵ
ľҶָһеһ߮Ļɫѵ֮УȻ̾ɫһĵ绡֮ˡ
ȥҶֶ׼ͷһ֮£żĻʵʵںԴϡ
һŻɫ͵ںը˿վԭضˡ
ˣһ˿֮ͷѲޱȵѾԽѵص˵ˣûϢ
ҶСؿͷ״ʱʵʵصһ
ֻͷ˶ƽԴһ㣬¶һѪƽ룬ŨѪѵԽ˳
ԼһҶ˫ȶͻͻشŲľӤľ񵤾֮һľϵ׷ģ׷ĺôκľеԴ߷
Ҷû뵽ľӤľݻףȻ˾޴
ĺҶһһһںϷ㶷ǧغϣԱ޲ȵ˼㣬Ҷ֪ʲôһ¾ͽͷһоͻɱˡ
Ҷͷ̤ˮʱеĵӶΪ֮˾޴Ļ
ˮĴָ޵Ҷͳ죬ͷħϵͷ֮һȻܹ׾ٵػУ治ʥ
׾ٿǲáҶЦҡͷոҿǻȥˣ˷һɱš
˵ɫűǱĵҶϣԼʵľȨܹӪ֮סҲϣΪԼݵȨ˵ľġ
ӪͨľȫͬʵģҪȺսҪսǲɻȱġ
ݵսԼʵǼ¡
Χո񶷵ˣ漴ɫһɫصոǰƳΧɱȷķǳǸոҲȷ¶Ĳ֮ǻȥܽһǷȱĵطɣҪʲôķҪʲôң
ںͬʱֵ
Ҷ˰֣ںͬʱȥֻʣѶڵӡ
ȥɣܼܲϼƷҶ̧׸Ҫĵӵ
⼸ڵ̻ϲؽ˹ʼϤо
ڵԭҶнﻹЩ̫ʹ죬ǽ֮ʱһһ･Ҳϰ˴Ͼԭ֮ǵλʵ̫ڵ£Ҫ˵ɫ£Դ֮ԭλµļһһԾ֮¾͵õλҶְ񣬶ҴҲѡ˺õĴھǸ߶ˣֻܻһһظɻѡ
˵ˣ֮оͨʥţëǵһҪҶˣʧȥȱ鷳ˣ˻һí˾һӪ֮иѡ˶ʮʦԴڽ̵

ٺȫ֮Ҷ漴ħλ÷ȥˡ
ħҲħĴսͬǣڰħҶȴһ֪
˰ʱ֮ҶһƬĵԼǰ
ôĵҶƬ졣
ħ֮񽣵컹Ҫʮϲûֻ̫ɢźܶϸСԻû޵ϲֻһЩħڴ˵˷ˡ
ڵϿһɶֻ棬ķݶᣬȴҲһһصûаԣ˵ĸоһ࣬ڶҡ
ЩסеλãȴһƬɾĹ㳡̵أɨΪɾеλȴǴһʯ̶ɵ
ͷֻ۾ͷֻţǣɫƬȴаֻ׳ֱֱۡžݵš׹Ǵꪡ߽ħᦵħаԵ쳣ֲһ쳣ҵɷ֮
ħΧʱʱ̶̿һȺ쳣ϵĤţҶվƶ˵λãѾо˵µİվÿһε֮£һɹǿԸԴԴϵر֮ˡ
Ը֮Уײкսģп־循µģǸĻҸġ
ʱ˿̣֮еֻмһֻ۾кȻ˽⣬Ҷ˹


215 Ը
һĽɫĹȻ֮ȽȽڶڿγһټħֳƤȴǰɫֻеݵǺཻӵɫ󣬳Ũҵɱ֮֮еɺɫϵѪ䶯·޾
Ҷɫݣħͷǲһ㣬ȻԸԼ壡
ͷħԭһͷѾ񾳵ħѾͨطĥԼ壬ĽҪͷΪʧȥƯͷħͶħڸͷķţ˸⣬úΧϵȫץ˹Ϊʳʹͷ˷ˣ񣬶ͷħԴвΪյʹղϵԼӶôԸ˵ͺ֮ȴѭϵ
ϵĽɫĴԸƽԸźɫȴǴɱ¾ƻײеԸеѪɫ쳣ǿҵγɵԸ
ɫԸ޵˵Ǵ󲹲ˣ׳ϲҩɫԸȴǶ޵ߵ˺أѪɫԸǴ޾Ѳˡ
ɱҵͬͷɫħͷˣдźХ
Ҷ״ߵȻǱΪ飿ƭȡԸ㻹治һħ
Σħͷеɱָ֮ҶصЩֻ֪ѣȻѾɱƻҵ֮ԴҪѪԶٲ
ħͷҵеľһ֮£ȻһɫҶϮ˹
𣡡Ҷһָԣһ¡¡ױȥȭһ֮£һεХ
ҶҪմȾⶫʶ֮еٻͼæе
䣬Ҷźһ֮£·𱻺ɫĻȾһ㣬Ѹٿʼ˿
ɺ֮ˡ
ãҶû뵽֮ȻԵ˹ʱһæһ֮£նתһԾԶڶȥˡ
ħͷֽһһ֮£Ʈɢĺתۼ۳һﵶҶ͵ն˹ȥ
Ҷܿһڵĵնɱζһݣһ⣬Զٶȥˡ
֪Ըɱɱ¾۶ɵǴԼֻҪմȾһ㣬̾ͱ׷ˣҶȭȻѾԲԸմҲԸմ
ٻͣô죿ֺɫԸ̫մǲðҶһӴһʵ
ҲûޣٻͼеصֺɫԸҲմǲõģҪĨȥ鲻ɣǿܰɣ
һһħһ㻮ʡ
ħͷԪ壬ٶҪҶеٶҪöˣһر׷ˡ
ħͷֺȻһ֮£ѪɫһһҶı
ҶƺһֻñȻһȣһ޾ڡ
Ĵ·ǧִҩһ㣬һҵ֮Ҷ̾͸оȫѪǴˡ
ģҶҧҧһȦȦ״ơ
ߣҶһŭХ̧һ֮£޴ˮ˱ƾһСɽһ㳯ͷħѹ˹
ܵƼ֮£Ըҵͷײ˹ȥ
飡һͷħеҵĺһ¾͸ײ˿ĺ
Щ£·һϸСĺɫɵġ
ֻħͷţ̧һץûҶѾּһֻƿסԴԴϵؽɢĺɫ֮ȡ˹һƻ֮£һɹǿĺˣҵغͷħˡ
ֻƿٻرǼɵģרȡЩħ֮ԪĶ
ͷ񱻺мٲƵĵڣҶζһת˲ͷͷϣָһ壬һɻƥȭⱬ˳һӾ͹ʶ֮С
ɫԸ·ڻ˵֭һ㣬ţҶָһ֮£Ѿһɹɴľʶ֮С
ҶֻԼʶ֮һƬˮӿĽɫԸʹ
Ȼܹħͷ쳣ֵĺԭɫ֮СһȦ
ɱ¾ԸԸǶ˼䲻ԸǴĽɫԸȴ޺ġ
ֻƬ̵ĹҶ͸оԼʶѸ
ǿԸҶ΢΢۾ɴԸϴȫĸо΢΢һ
ҶоͷЩˣæֳһֹľӤʶ֮С
ֻЩ̻֪ͨõԸҲǲӲɱ¾ԸͷǾӶһЩҶ˳˼֮У˼˰֮ӿһصͷ̻ȡ֮ԸɵҲǧ֮һ
ħͷ쳣ƽˣȻСȭͷСһˡ
ȥҶ漴ٴμֻƿһǿʱͽħͷԪ˽ȥˡ
ҪͬھħͷһǸѪɫݺݵط˹صسҶˡ
ļһԶٰɣҶһ£ϷһĨɺɫ·һѪɫһ㣬漴ֱ˲԰ɫˡ
Ѫɫ̺ǿҵļԸˣҶϣķӦʹҶڵõǧٱķ賤
ɾʥ֮֮ѪǾͻ쳣ʢ֮˵ǿʮٱҲֹԷ˵Ըɵһ֮Ҷʱǧٱǿˣ
ߣΪܻҵΪҶ˶ˣСС׳գҶֽһ㰵ɫ
һЦʶռ֮ȡٻͣһߣػԼԼôƽƽںϡȻ̧һ٣ȵḥ̂һ
ͷϷ·ȼҩ㣬Ȼһɻһ̫Ĺ⻷ʼһһˢϴ
һ⻷ϴˢ֮ҶǹɺɫѪ汻һһĥˢϴ֮£ˢ
ʵʵһ
ɱǧԸҶ³һԼ棬ȫ亹
ҵĵڣȻҲȫĺëд׶Ĵ̹ǵʹˡ


216 ʥħһ٣
ϺȻֵ״ʱ˿̵ҶƨҲܲõˡ
ԼħٵһڱոյѪɫ˳
һħٵ̶ȴԶԶ֮⡣
ħٵĵһ㣬٣Ҳ֮١Ҫ˵һħյĵҲδأȴ˸еѰһˡ
ܶʥΪ־ȫᶨһħٷʱ
ӸζǴ֮پλ÷
һץӸεʹʹо쳣ܵĸоҶܵĺ޲ýԼȫƤҪ˺һݺץһѪѪʹһ£Ÿе񫡣
ҶһƵɫĻ潥ԼĻȼնס֮ʹоһ˫۾һѪɫҧĿ졣
֮ȴħȴ巢棬Ƥһж˲˰ٱҲֹޱȵĴоֱʶ֮ϣ޷ܵĴʹҪ̲סһ㡣
õʥѵССһٻˣҶǿסںϷĳ嶯
ʱƣ˼ҪĴӾ磬һʱҶоԼļǧֻڲͣҧɧһ㡣
أ֮пʼ˵ˡ
Ƭ֮ڵĻȴѾʼϨһ㱡֬ĺë˳Щ֮֬м˿˿Ƶĺڻɫ󣬺ȻڻѾõ۹
Щ۹Ӷ޷ųɾģߵħһ֮£ȼͬ棬޿ײȴǾų˳
ǧ̵Ĵֱʶ֮У漴ƾϵĴֹסҪץӵķоͣش˺ɵƵʣ𲽿ʼľ硣
֪˶ãҶϵָоƽϢĶͷϺˮѾʳСϪ
Ȼ䣬еȫϴһ޷ݵɸоеĴ˲ϢʧӰ٣ƺһ·Ķ
Ҷ漴΢΢һоԼƤѾɳ·ˮһ㣬ѾһĽ۵ļ
漴ش˴꣬͵һ˺֮£оϳһ˿ĶǰƤϳֳѿɫƤѾ˼ƤȻһħ֮гʵһ㣡
ļӨһ㣬Լɼë΢΢ſеĴļµĽ⣬㱥󣬸˿һޱȡ
𡭡ҶһճХڵȭ⾡ŷ˳տʼԴԴϵڣڵľתţЩĻսƤδԭ漴ͱ಻޸˹
ʱļӳҶϵ潥ƤҲüήһعڣ̲ǿʼѿ಴ʼڻȻת
׽پأߵħҲоŲ㣡Ϊ١͹ǽ١١Ѫǽ١̽١١١Ͻ١ֻؽ٣˵ľħ١
ֻжɹħ׽֮߻ߣǷ豹棬Ԫ񳹵ɱ˷زӵ񾳣ؾ֮Ҳûν߻ߵĳƺˣͳһһƺ񾳣
񾳵ĵӣֱӾͻΪ֮е洫ӣ񾳵ĵҲ书߷ͨ
кܳ·Ҫ߰Ҷ̾һԱߵٻ˶ںϻһȦ
ǵȻˣؽһرһѹСӿɾеˡٻдŲεֻٺٹЦ
Ҷֻ˷ۣ漴ִ˸ո̵ĸоȴˡ
Ҳõģһħ٣漸ħˣȴԲܾˡٻ˶צļͷɣΪҵˣôҲòϡ
ٻͶԼ״һֱڻ
㻰˵סҶһ۵ҵǲ¶ɽ٣ˣƵطôû㹻鵤Ҳûð
һᵽ鵤⣬ٻͲҲЩץͷƤˣ˶ʼںһȦһȦţ˼֮С
ˣٻ͵۾˲ԶѾʧȥ˹ʯԼȡԸȡԸͬҲԳɵ
Ҷ·𿴵˰׳һ㣬ȡԸٻͣ㲻вɣ
вٻͲһۣͷħ궼ܹȡԸͷ壬ΪʲôͲܣԸ̲ѷɫڵ͸鵤ҩ
ЩɫͺɫԸأҶʵ
ȻƳɷˣҲ֪ոЩںԸɱжˣԼªŶѣٻͰһ۵㲻Ҫ̫ƫˣԸɵҲͳǧ֮һʱʾǽԸɾʹֻҪԸҪý̻֮ƣܹȡɵַѾǽʧˣû˻ķֹȥ̻Щ֮񡣡
Ҷ۾һԼ񾩳ʱѧЩιµѧʶ漴Щɵص𣿡
ôУνˣٵҲգСҲǿⰡٻһ˵ˣ̻֮Ҳ׬ȡһЩ֮ɰײɣ


217 ܶŹ
ħϿ֮УһŴɫ˿УŴ׻֮ٻֳƬһ˫צʮָ΢΢ſлʮɫΧһƾҺתݣ졣
ҶֻǾվԱߣʮɫÿÿתȦָ֮ſһɫѪ鵯űڻҺ֮ˣʹҺظԡ
ڣɫľҺȴһߴΡĵͷ巽ڣۣϣ޽ǲһͷצ
ͨ࣬ȴɢǵĽ⣬һ˵֮
Ҷ¶ŨŨƣɫõƷ񣬼һ㣬ֲ˲ٵӵпռ֮վʯٻͼʱ䣬ÿһʱҪһѪһʹ渽ԼϢЩϵľڼݵܹ֮õռȡԸ
ˣȥɣҶٻһг񣬻سǸħλø˹ȥ
꣡ħеǶѵħ׷ˣ̳ɢ֮ȡ֮ȴһµ
ϵڼݵȺڵŵþһǰ徲սսΧسһš
һĹâ˵ϣϳһСɽһȺ⡣
㳡Ϊ֮ˡ
ҪҶЩʲôЩ̾ͿʼԷذݵĵ棬һɹɴԸ˵֮УȻʼ˹㳡Ƕˡ
Ҷ׼УӰټҵĵ伮ι֮ǼҴѧǾͨĵѾ۷塣
£ҪյľģǰͷħûҰ޵ķħϵ񣬿νɼʧ֮ǧõԸҲ⡣
񽣵ϵЩ֮Ѿвپ֮ͨˣҶ漴ͽЩֳȫŲƵ˵ħȥˣǷֳԾۼһȺ񣬸𿪿ǣи֣ʱЩѹľϲ⣬Ҷߵͷл
һֵͨפ֮ϿʼħλãҶȴһͨ׵ľ޴Ҷϲѹͷħѡˡ
ôһ޴֮еһЩطȫѷɫ֮еһЩؾ졣
ӪȺսҪһʱ䣬ԼԾʱúкˡ
ڼλھĸ֣ҶǸÿ˵Σÿ˴ڸһнƷ书ÿв
񽣵ھȱ֣
ħΪ൱ʦôȫٳĻôȵ֪ˣɢ޿ǵʢ̹ȣһ쳣޴ĲƸ
ټΧһЩǵСٱ֮󣬸һױȵľ޶ĲƸ
ɶǮҶп̾

񽣵УһƬ֮С
Ҷһ棬۾Ƽ˯
ڵϿ֮УԶҵعֽһڵǰײײŤŤطɴڶ漸Ӫǻ׷ᣬдһĹֽ
ת֮ͽڵӸڵأһͨ
ŵϵĲƸ࣬Ҷ֮£ĵí˾ƳһɽװѸ𱣻񽣵ǣװݡ
ӪøҲ𽥵ؿʼ˶ȺɢǵעˣʱɢΧ񽣵
ҶҲգΪĥһӪĵӣ͹Ͱ񽣵ļ̵ĴֿΧλá
ѪͿʼˡ
һﰴ಻סɢڴżһĵ񽣵һֿ֮Уոս֮漴һȺӪӸ˸ţ˫һԲϴ֡
ǰɢޱӪĵǺһͨ򣬰ǹ·֮˻ȥӪĵǸ񫣬δ
ڶ죬ǻɢ߳ŭ֮£ٴһȺɢһͨô֮£ƹƹңò֡
ÿ춼ᷢ
еս׽ˣǸڿһıڻ׽֮󣬱ӪĵӺݺݳһٱӣȻǵþ⣬˻ȥ
ÿ춼ᷢ
ɣɣŽְٺٺ٣ֻҪûͺðҶпؿŰж񶷲ݵˡ
ЩɢΪ˼ͨɵɱ֣ټϵϵļڶѾװݣѰĹֻѣҶҲӪĵҪɱˣĽ²Ҫ
Ҷ°Ȼؿſж񶷵ˣ漴ִժһֻ«ҿ˺«ӣһɵɫˮƾĽɫҺ㵹֮С
ЩҺĶɢȴ֮УɢǵĽ⣬Ϊ֮ᡣ
أҶ֮еγһ״һѸڣעÿѨ֮С
Ѩ֮еѾ÷ǳˣÿһѨѾһС磬мЩѨܵԸĹȼ֮£ÿеػӷϸʵ
ÿչǾ޴Ը̲һ쳣޴Ĳҩ۹⿴ЩԴԴԸҪ֮֮еĶ츣ػҪǿ
ټħϵĵɵ֮·ȴǼа
֪ʲôʱҵĵڶٲŻῪʼأҶҡҡͷеĺ«


218 
񽣵ͶȺɢ޴÷츲زֺϻӪĵռϷġ
ǿǿ֮ĶԻǻڿĿİ֮нŵģŴ򶷵齥ȺɢƤҲĬӪĵλ񽣵ΧһƬѹ滮˵ļóгҲʼʱܿӪĵӺɢ첱Ӵּۻ۵
ҶӪѡĵӣںȺɢ޽׵Ĺ֮У̵˲ٵŵر֮⣬ʵ׵˲ٹϹħս鱨Ϣ
Ϲħսħʥ޽еһͶӰһλصħ޽еһݵ㣬ʹħԴԴϵشʱ޽֮δɵʮڣλͬΪĸλħһս֮漴ͽﾡݻ١
һδݻ֮󣬽ȻȻֻγһħսҲΪݵľ裬޽֮е޵ǲŽۼǽˣȻֽγһһɡ
ħ׳ħһħ޽طٵͨطǱ
ҶڿкطţΧƴ߶
ѾдʱˣɵĹ涨ӪĴͳÿ귵ְһΡ
ͨɵĴ֮Уƽ̶УҶ档
ȺɢѾǴͨ˹ϵħսһЩ˽ᡣҶ٩٩̸ǧﺣڵĴСѾˡ
ϸҶĻ㱨ɫ
˴Ҷ̻Ӷɢʿ֮ȡһ챦ص֮к󣬸иλÿһǿ̱Ѧֶһݡ
Щ챦㲻ʲôôֵǮֻһЩװε׺֮ѣô˵һ⣬֮еĳϵΪ⡣
ϸݡ
ҶռΧԲʮںжоͰɢ޺һ壬ǰһϸϢһԼĿѡ
ã۾Ҷɵ൱ܲˡ
Ҷһ費ģһֱҵ
ǺܺõģҲ档е漴ͰصҶǷΪұ㣬
ûСҶƽصƽƽ̵Ѵ
ͺðʲôãΨҪʵһȴ֮гѪԵŵڳ֮⣬پעصʵˡ΢ЦħսѾķ޵˶ϧȴкܶ˶⣬ûʶԣˣͲ̸ˣ̸ȥ߶ˣ޵֮УԶ֮ʿ
ҶЦƽʵǵĻл
ĿģҪһ£ͻƶħ֮˵
Ҷ߳˵⣬ֻѾڵȺˡ
˴Ҷ֮󣬵Ǹ˲ٵصزΪϲ
֣ʦ㡣Ҷһ
Ƕ˵ˣðҶû뵽㻹ŪôĶˡﹴסļЦǺǵصҲѾɹһħˡ
֮͸һ޷ƵĽ֮⣬ڶôĵطҶƺûоԶôĻ棬񽣵˶ΪʺƵطɴһӪĵܹôʡ
Լֻ֮ȴ̫ڳһЩ
ҶЦҡͷˣһħٿǲûҸĥˡ
ˣĵľͲˣҶҵǮ㸶ʱˡֻմ˸ڣкȻĺͷξ޴ɺ׺ųӿлһص̳
߰ɣȥƷֻһҶļͷת͵һͷƺס

ҶںױһγɵĻֻ¡
ͨƺٶȺܿ죬ұĸ٣Ҫɺ״ͨɵݣȫԱһЩҪ鷳
ǰеһ״ĵ沼˾õḶ́һĹĤҵصֵ˵Ľ
ԼĪ˰Сʱ֮Ҷ˳ˮӦĺˮ֮
ֻµƺףιҶƷﻹһ·أȵݵȥɣҵһλɢѡ
ðҶͷ
µƺ׷һ˻Ƶĺণչ˳Զȥˡ
ַԼĪʱ֮󣬲Զϣһдеĵӳ˵С
ʱ˿̣Χλȴ˵⽣Ӱ׻ˣһȺɫµĺ˷عЦеɽ͵ϵļŮӶһš
ãǱݵϱΧҶȥæȻʧɫæһҶ
ðɡҶؽһݴӺױϷһɽȻȫŰΧȻظ˻
ҶһԽسХ޴֮ԶԶݹɨ캣
һˣʱĵľ졣
һȺΧĺɫ䣬ʮ˽һݣҶɱ˹
ҶŤһ֮£һŤһһӵǰ
ǸӿҶƾȻ֮죬ʱʧɫ̧һ֮£һĨϬĵҶƿƻָ֮֮£һеĳһĻϣǧٹ˲ڡ
Ӵһʱһ𵴵ȫ飬ԼԪƶ˸һһ㣬ͨһ˵ϡ
ҶѾ˼ߵľ磬һֲᾢܹĹ飬ȴƤ಻ˡ


219 ݵ
Ҷ漴һƫת֮£ڿѸ߱ãʮʮɵջᣬһɲǼѾˣԱ޲ɫ䡣
ɹһ֮ҶѾؾҪձҪᣬΧԲڵĻָƣΣոһδȾԤС
ͷŶȻܹ辭壬ԷؾܹȡΧ
ৣʮϮĽ⳯ϮӰиס
ڵҶҪʲôƾԿ˵С
Ҷɫأָ̧֮£ǧٹϸһ㼤ƿվ
ǧϰٹ»裬ʮڷɽҽ֮£һһŵĻ
סҶ˫һ֮£һʮɴִһ¾סʮڱ
ʮʮһ㣬ʮڱͬʱסˣ˷ľ߽̾Щɽҡεľˡ
ˣҶıȻһ𵴲һ㣬һĽشӱֱϮĺס
ٶȿ쵽˼㣬Ҹ¡¡ƿ𱬣𵴵ĶĤЩ˵ˡ
ôķɽҶ͵һת˫ָ֮£һһŵƥıɳ׹棬𵴵׹졣
Ҷһٶסڽ֮󣬺Ȼָƽ˳ƻһ㣬鸡ڽתһ£ĥת֡
ѾӽķɽȻһ׹Ҷ֮ˡ
ôһ£Ա߻ӽ͵Ϯĵ˶ʱеԼıȻԼʧȥϵʱʧɫҶոһг֮£ȻѾתȭ⳹ĥԼڱɽеļӡ
ƣҶһȣ֮Ѹζ֮£תۼ仯ٵӰȭӻ֮£˰ʮȭ
һȭϱһһŵģط֮󣬶ȻڿȻը˿һɹɱը˷ѹ˹
ԲڵĿռѾڵĴһ㣬ʮ¶ͽ·ͬŭ֮еһҶһ㣬£סˣҲֻ֣ؿҶ𲽿ˡ
ҶԴľŭԼΪڿ֮γӦһĿռ䣬ȫڵˣԼȴԴݲȵռ֮ս
һ˻طƵʱ򣬶Ͻ书֮񽣵еʱӺ֮гƵз
Ҷζһ֮£һ˳֮У㣬֮нݺȥ
һ˲ͽڳڶͽ
Ȼʮһغ˻䵽˵ˡ
֮µŮ޲̾ѷǵУʱһ
ϵŮȴ˵ҿϡ
ۣңеĻﶸȻԱ˳һͷëѤĴ񣬿Ҷǣ⤰һȺˣɫЩҲס
ոһ˶һ˰Ȼûܽ£Ҷһһ֮£Ȼܹ˲Ϣ֮ͽյаͽսʵǡ
ԭǻ۶ʱһϷǽˡ
ϲǣס˻ֵǶˣλ̨ǣ
ŵһҶļ򣬴ֵصڵһλŵʦҶѾˡұ׽޵ģû⵺⵵飬㻹ðɡ
һжãħڵĵһֱգȾǱݵˡ渲ɴ۹Ҷһ΢Цֽ㻹λҶֻǡ
˵Ȧһ죬ҧгݵؿȺͽ
ؿͬӦԮ֡Ҷ΢Цһ̧һסЩаͽ漴ʵЩаͽôأ
۵жʱһĨΪѵɫˡ
ֻһתС˰ɣħڵģǶͨɻй˼ɣǶڱݵȴȫ˿˼ɵġ
ЩȨɢ޵ѴˡҶεҡҡͷ漴˵ָȺһﾡˡ
ιͨɵСӣҰΪ׵ĺ˱عסɫǵͨ죬漴ħڿɲǺǵģȰ÷ӣȻĻ
ȻĻҹɣ
ҶҲϻ˫ҵһ֮£ʮ糵һתڵء
Ȼ漴һڵķߣһŽǲҽȫ˳ȥԶһССĺڵˡ
ɱȻУǿͷǱҪԵġ
ŶʦβͨɣʦֵҲҶЦЦݵҲһ츣ˣܹţҲǹһ
ĵǲֻüͷֹεصϧͨЩһֱΪʽ΢Գһ׽죬ǰ֮УֻٲûòԳˡ
ҶشĻƺʲô֮ƺʲôһ㡣
²ؼ߸߹ȥЩԣֻƺ׽˵ȥˣɵŮ⼸ͷƺ״һȥˮιʳȥˡ
⵺ϵķȻ̣ȴҲЩ֮Ҷŵ죬
۲ʣ⻰ô˵


220 
Ȼó˴󣬵ǵȴǷȱ˽ֻһζķأɲУһƾ跨֮̾ȫ߱
۴ĬȻոǻȻڵļһҪƾǿķƵϵķȻ󴳽дɱ䣬ѾĻ̻̣׵ػ
Ҷ˼Ƭ̣ĻӦǹؼ汸Ŷԣ˿ʱؽϵ󷨽˵ʤνʱ˺ͣҪ֤ȾҪ㶨Ƶ⣬⣬Ҳˣ޸ֲ٣ȴû书ĸ֡
۵ͷҶԼǣѾ׹ˣһǿϵ书еġ
ҶʦܣԺпվͺˣֵؿڵ
˻һ΢΢һ죬ȴΪεؿҶһۡ
Ҷȴ̺Լ˾졣
ʦ㣬㵱Ӫ֮к𣿡Ҷ֦ҶŮһۡ
ֻḧһ°ëмصӪṊ̀˵ĵط治涼νʱضٳġ
ɡҶȻЦڲֹǲԳϣѦҲҲ˳أλְɲѦָ鷳
ﲻƲƲ죬Ȼ
˵ˣλҪıӪڽĽ׶Σǲܹ뿪̫õġҶһ£ҿȥƷԻȡ˰ɣʦפأħڵЩС֮ͽǲҺҲ÷񽣵ˡ
ôͻȥСӣΥԼɣֻɫ̾ͺһѾסҶװͰ͵ص
ǿԱߵεĹۣɵй
ʦ㻹ǿҵϣƷ֮еЩһɡҶЦЦ漴ǸħΪ֮нɻǼƷ𽣵ݸֻɫתˣϲؽ˹
ãСӻʶ࣡ˣʦͷһֻӣػ˻еļƷ´α˲
ããһǣҶʱЩЦá

ħս֮УΧУշѹѹĺں콻ӵ𣬷عֽҵ˻ʿǡ
ȺŹεĹץֻ֮࣬ԼͣɵʿȺΧˮйͨ
ʿȴǺ£ɵذڿһƣ޺޽ʮĬÿÿһ֮£ܹеһȺ
ħսռ󣬼ܹϵȫˣﵽǻɳĮɽˮвϹż
ħսԶ֮У쳣ն񣬵çç֣ᣬһܲĵطԽߣײ
ݶȺϵɢ˵ħ
Ҷ֮󣬴Ӳؾ֮һѵؼ˻Ӫеĵǲһ֮漴ͳȽˣ׼ħȿ
ӪĵǶЩ㷲Ҷ˵˴λл׽޾ַȥӪĵǶʱͷϲЦտ־ǡ
ڽΧһʱӪôһѪѨǧʮͷĽ׵˹ˡ
ռλõҶȻһ֡
֮ĽǴȻʮ޴磡
ʮ޴ǿķڿкХתۼͽȺ𶼸Χ֨֨ҽеѪǷĴų򣬵ȴôҲݺݵС
ֻƬ̵ĹյѪʮ֮£ͬ½һضˡ
زͣĴͷתѪҶ¶ЦˣʵǷǳ򵥵һȴܹרŶԸСͬӬһսϵĽʺ
УյѪһɨ֮󣬹ȿ֮еٿȻʮͷ˰ߵħеоӣӪ˹
󷨣Ҷһֳ̧һɫС죬ӭһ˦
ѵǰŵĶʮʦɫ£Ҷɲǣͬʱһ֣һ˶Ͽ
ʮ֮вۣͣȻˢˢͬʱͶ˳ȥ
꣡꣡һķ֮Ⱥ֮кȻı֮·һ
ʮѵķֲҲǳɫгһԲ״һ졣
޴ķ𵴵ճ˲ƣˮҼѹ˹ȥ¡¡ķ֮ȺвͣػصţӭȺ⧲֮£ʱͬ˽һͨͨһء
ͬʱҲֻʣȵʮͷʮͷѾˡ
֮еʥ磬൱еʥеʥ磬ʥûôԵμǿ׳ǣó˵ǱȽƣʼǿҲʤһͰ˲١
ʱҶȴǶս¿๦оһȻǳѲҲзǳرĵطȴûֻҪûв񾳣ǵս;ѱܵʹҲ˵ǵʶڱ֮ϡ
Ҷоһϵеķ书̫󣬵ȴ쳣ʹ࣬˵ϲʹǾƣ룬Ӷʧȥ־һζķʽܣʹսĴһٿɻУˡ
໣λ˰״ȻһֽУʮ޴ĻȻǵıڿ߷
ôߺߣⷨ湻õˡҶɫ侲ȻԱߵĵǻ˻֡
ȣʮ˺Ӫĵֶû˵ˢˢһȣӵһ


221 ħ
Ҷվһԣһָӣһɫ򣬷ٵؼ¼š
֮кȻ쳣ҵϢɢ߶ʮڰ֮⣬ɰĵҳ˸֮󣬶Ȼڿзһ·εĵһ㣬иʮΣȻұ飬ϸСĻɢ˿
ѹר޷ϵʦŲ֮ͣȻһ̧ƻ·ͬʱһһ㣬ǸѸʱһѹ˿С
ָҶһץһѸٳ˽һ¾͵üģ֮£ʱһ˹ȥ
ͬʱкȻһ޴ĺӰ·һ㣬ŨŨѪϢӿ
໣໣ͷѪų򣬷һ̶عЦһĴ̶˹
׵ļ޺޲Լͬס˶䣬¶˼ʹɫˡ
ҵסϵ޵̧һ֮£ǰȻһ㱡˿ĹĤЩǿҵ棬ʹЩ羢ϱѸپͷһһʱ侹Ȼ޷͸
һɹ쳣ҵڷϵĶ֮£ȴ֮ˡ
ͷѪҵعֽһѪצԱһϵҴ˹
¡һͷѪը˸Ƥͷ̫ǿһκըȻûаը
𣡡Ա͵ԾĸѸޱȵӰĸӰȻͬʱջһ˶ߵıӣһѾͲסͷѪ֫֨һһӽſˡûſںУԱ͵һӰһŷʺλãͽ״˹ȥ
Ҷɫ΢΢ص˵ͷ
ʣǼͷܹİǱھĸִӲ˹ȥ֮£̧־ͽ令ȻӲ
˴ȵΧʮͷʹС޾Ѿ
ʮͷ׽֮ÿһͷԻĹ׶ȣĴСҲۻҲһʺܲСĲƸʮ˽֮󣬿ɻɵߣҲǻɵūᱻרŸѱ޵ĸִڸʺͨͷʹ֮ܳС
Ҷɹˡ˴һٳˡ
ξ͵ΪֹɣħԺҶƣüģ漴ͺ£е򣬿ΧȻ˷ܵڶǣ
ͳ죡ӪĵǸϴ˷ܵĳ죬
ˣͳ죬ЩһҲôȥɣԱߵڵƿʵ
˵Ӫĵһ𶼰תҶˡ
Ҳ֮ģԴӱ䵽֮޲гһܹ֮СᣬȻǳΡ
ˣ¼ӿңľһصȥҶ˼Ƭ̣漴ڵ˳ǶڻȡЩˡ
֮еڵʱ
Ҷе۷񽣵Ȼһɵӿͷ
תϸɨΧ
Ѿ֮ԲڵһֻϵĶҵ⵽ô£
뵽ɫӪĵǻ˻֣Ӫĵͳͳ̤ۣзɻ񽣵ȥˡ
ЩӪĵԶԶ뿪ħս֮Ҷ̤Ƭ֮ˡ
ħֻһʶѣûľ޷ںϷУֻҪƬ죬ûˡ
ħսĴһ޴أȻʪȴȫɫĺۼεֲͶ档
ǵħɵĵսʱĺۼΪģΧһȦȫǱ˪ʴǧϱڲԫٲȱǽںʯ滹ο˾Ļƺ֣꼻һֵķ
Ҷһ޴İʯǰḧ澫Ļƣ֮˹ȥ
أҶȻоٻѨ΢΢һʶ֮Ʊһɱ͸ǵĺˣŰҡѪȵʶشԼʶ֮УʱһҪȴҲˣͨһ˵ϡ
Ƭ֮վһ˫ͫȴѾ˹ںɫɫȴڲͣŤš
ȻҶʼ˲ӣһ·Զܶȥ
ʱ˿̣Ҷʶ֮У˿ѾһˣƱ任ʬɽѪħӰ㿣Χ·ǧħ˻
Ҷɫ񾲣ȶƬʶλãһͷװ˱۵ħ
㵽˭ȻҵʶҶ۾͵طһǿҵʶеɺƲ
¸¸¸£ҽضʶȻ
¸¸£ҾǴ˵еħʶ֮һԭǱһλͨؾĸ˷ӡǻɱôޣɢѪͻ˷ӡʶ
ȻħҶеʱӿһɾŭ漴Цħ䣬ǧٳɱ־ᶨΪܹɵҵʶô
ħʶ֮У˸¸¹ЦȻܹˣСӣħһǿҿ񾳼ħȻʵûס飬ȴԿ壡¸¸¸£Ůԡ壡ѹְࡣڵõ˳׵ˣ
ħʶ֮и¸Цˮ˳
ʶ֮гֵһɫĴͼҶжʱЦá
գȻһͷɫħ
¸¸¸£ŭɣְɣ°ɣɣСӣ


222 Ǵ
Ҷʶ֮УһʱǧħӰʶ֮ʶ֮˾κˣһһسʶ
ҿҵĴ̼֮£һɲǼ䣬Ҷ谵ޱȵʶ֮еŭͣ
ֵ֮УƲƺһ֡
Ҷʱоһ쳣ϤıϢʶ֮еȭ⾹Ȼת
Ҷֱеŭʢ֮¡
Ǵ֣һȭ⣡ұ
ʶ֮еգȻһֺհҹȻգǧ򵽳⣬˲ʶֻһһִҵĻӵңޱȱҵĻǧٿŷɻǣת֮ϯʶ
ʶ֮л谵Ŀռ䣬·𱻴Ƶļһ㡣ѳƬ
ǧħһմɺ⣬̾Ȼըѿ˲ͱ𵴵֧飬ʱƵ໹ֽ
Ҷһǻŭ𣬾ȻԷ߶ʶ֮еһȭ⣡
ޱȵһȭסħֱ˺ͷħı塣
ȣʹħ쳣ĺʲôȻܹʶ֮˺ңܲˣҪ뿪
ȭȻγɣеʱܹȻʽңһȭڷǿ
˴ҶѾȵˣʶ֮еӰȭ⣬ȻУԷؿʼתʼԿħ
Ҷƾȭһشħ֮£ʱָһ˿һ߷Ľ
ʱ˿̣ʶ֮л⾡ȥһƬɫĴĿ⻪ķ
ĿڽɫĹӳγˣֱӣиһеĸ־
꣡꣡
Ŀڳͬʱɳͷħһһʣ
һ춯صĲҽУĿڷƥĽתͷħת֮ͱиʮ飡
ţİ֮һһŵǳˣࡢࡢƣȭתۼͽ֯һĹһҵشʼˡ
Ҷʶ֮Уһ춯صĶսиľһƱˮʡɽʯѹֻŹ־޴ħȭţÿÿ⵽һκ֮£ֻ޴ħ϶ɢľƬɢķ֮󣬽ģڻˣΧľʶΪһ塣
Ǵȭ⣡Ҷյرһ
ʶ֮гٴδ䣬ȭһֻյһ㣬֮оɫؿʼڼ
ֻɫ֯γɵĹ֮УһħĹѾԳԭƴš
ôܣôܣΪħʶޱǿԿʥĸ֣Ϊʲôֵܹҵʶƣܹ˺ңһһ쳣ʹǿҵʶз񺿽ţҶʶ֮вͣصš
תǣ¾񣡡Ҷһڵһޱȵĸ߶ȡ
ʶ֮УǴȭϷһһسˡ
һɺƥȭ⻺ˣݻ˺ڰ׶ɫǣڸħӰ
Ҷոɵȭеȭ⣡
γɣתĥ̰㣬ͷʶħôذסˡ
ͷħؼҵط쳣عֽУħֻпǿľѹƱƻˣҲʶ֮һϵеĻƻŶѣ޷ֱ˺顣
ֵħҶĶţͺñһδ󺺺һСӶԵС
δȻȴ޴СȴǹꪣȫȻϲ㣬ƾδսʤλӵѹʵĴ󺺡
ʱ˿̣ǭ¿ħҶʶ֮вͣغţͣر仯ײеľͼҶľ
һжͽ޹ģƾٶĻҲ޷赲ϵͬʱлḥ̂
ĥһγɣʼ򻺻תħѾڴսᡣ
ĥתһ̣еľͣħӰһ׷
ͷħҲ޷ˣӴޱȵӰĥ̵Ľĥת֮£彥ر쳣ģ
ԪѾǴȭݲе֧ˣĥһͷħоԼļ俪ʼģʼʧš
ҪҪҵʶ
ĥת죬ͷħҲģת֮䣬֮У·ֻʣתݵĺڰ׶ɫ㣬ޱȣĥ̸мģȴһŷһɫ˿
ڣڰ׶ɫȥмһŷɫ˿һƬɫɫţһɫʮֵӴ󣬼ʶ˽ȥ
ͷħޱȵľ
ɴ˿ɼͷħľǶôǿˣ֮Ҷľǿ
ħ֣ŲûֱƾǿľѹסҶꡣ
ħһ屾ֻоǿܹۼɷܹ֮γ壬ֻл֮ͨ󣬲޳Ρ
һɫĹ˪һ㽥ڻˣʶ֮С
ȭҲ׹λˣҶֱеͷ̫Ѩü۴΢΢Լʶٴλعѡ
ոתḥ̂Ȼؽֵʶػȥ
ҶȻӿһĿϲԭ¾ڣ
ȭشָʶȻĥ̽ľ黹ԭ
пϲ֮£æٴתȭ⣬Լʶϴɨһ顣
оѾûκεħʶѾȥֻ˵ĸ


223 Ϲ
֮дһOO@@ӭķгǧĻӰԵˡ
޼һҶһһȭ
ȭƻһ˶׵ˣżżϸʱͱزҽ
ԲڵĿռѾŤռ֮һһֵĺڰ׹κɫ֡
ҶȭѾ˷ԲеĿռ䣡
֮ɫ쵵Ĺν˸𣬿бħһⶼɫθʶ󻯳һɴľȻԴԴϵҶʶ֮ˡ
ҶоԼʶˣŷӵħ࣬оԼʶЩˡ
漴һֵľɢ˿ԼȫʮѨ֮С
ԼʮѨ֮еһԲ֮еõɾĹ䣬
ӭӰȻʤҶ
ߺˣҶʱһӻ˿ˣĺ˼ס˽Ÿ
ҶͳĴǷѾˡɾ°΢Ц
ͷҲɱħģҶԷ򸾣ʵǶλĪǾǶȺΪߵǶط򸾣
ͨɵĸ㡣Ϲһ˿Ե֮ɫЦЦκ巣ѩعǷҲֻ񾳶صΪѣ㲻ʲô
ԭѾ񾳶صĸˣҶȻ
ҶѾǷˣԷ򸾾Ȼ񾳶ΪѹֻȺռͷҲ𺳣ΪһƧĵشǲ̻ܹͨһʥʥѾǳϡˣھȻܹһλ񾳸ˣ
ˣǷԳɵһֱաκ껵ʱɱħĿҲֻϣܹȡһЩͨѡ
ҶԷ򸾺˼֮ԷҶǵȥҶӦˡ
漴ϷȥˣҶоֵǣɾ°ķ򸾣·Ƕ˱ķǽһģû˿ɵĵطȴҶĸе֡
ٻͣûиоԷЩ֣
ʲôֵģٻʶ֮дˣԷǧ֮һ˫޵ֻλǧĩβһͨѣ㲻ʲô
λĩβҶȻ𾴣λĩβҲǧԷ򸾾Ȼܹɹɼ
ޣСӶƨٻԷп˫޵ųɾ͵ͨǴʥľ񾳵ģȻ񾳵ǽע̫ķչǰ;ˡ
⻰ô˵Ҷʵ
˫޵ͨڲ񾳵ؽ𵤾ǵڰطླϴ𵤣ҿͻħɾ͵Ҳ̫ѡٻͲмصʥͿʼͨٺ٣ʱͨɷֵħ٣ûжԾħٻ׽ٵİǵ־ᶨǿҪɾ͸ߵľ磬ͻˡ
˵֮䣬ѾϿգƮˡ
һ·ϣҶԷҲᵽ񾳸ֶһ޶ķ
񾳸ֵķĳ̶ֳ˵ȫĽ֮䣬ҶȻѾܹȡʼնܳ׵عͨںϣõ硣
ҶԷ䵽˵ϡ
дһլԺլԺкֻԺ¥ܣ̨ͤɽˮȫûɽζӽ׽ʿַ񣬸һֹµϢ
ǰĽһ˾ܽģ̺ʴһʷƾù̡
ѩعǰֳйоصĲҶ񼡣
κӦǴ˼İɣҶƽ˲豭һڣ̽ʵ
κƺʣЦЦΪһˮЦЦʵһĴӦϹʱµĺɣʱ޽˼֮ʿ࣬ʿ˼з޽ģֻǺΪħս֮󣬽֧飬һغűɢĵƮƵˣΪ̻ͨŽֻ֮Ⱥһ֧ߣӦϹʱˡ
ԭҶȻ
ԱߵѩعԱ߹žɵȡһ鼮ݸҶ
ȷϹʱ׭֡Ҷϸɨһ飬漴˵ͷ
κҶ־ȻҲܿö
Ҷ£ЦǰϹʱͳһģҷĳ֮ѾˣֻһЩʷƾõĹϼŶãҲֻʶ˺ٵһֶѡ
ԭˣҶַʱһǲѧˡκ껴ϲٸ֮ĸҡ
κ֣ȺϣκܹжˣҶʵ
ֻǷ򸾶˶ѡκЦЦ
ҶŶͷ򸾵ǲþЩħϵɢζԿħأ
ħսЩѰСħǲõģǸܲ˵ģ˵ˣЩħƾӺлõϺάˡκüͷ΢漴ǵĵϣҲ˵ΪʲôԴҳһֱûħ֣ĻǵһʿֻҲͱ˸ˣеٶҲĿ죬ǲܹеˣҲʮֵĳ١
ԭҶ˵ͷ


224 ˫޵ͨ
ħһԼƻóľȻģĨɱǣƽվǿӶѪѪάȳһ֮ľݽߣħһķҲѰͬħһֻһƾѣڱţһʢټϲϽʳ֮£ͻᵼħľ񳹵׷ѣγһȫµķ塣
һѿͻһȫµħķȻз
ֻ־ǿħܹɷճɾ񾳵Ϊ
Ҷ˲豭漴ʵκֺɩĿǧ֮һ
Ҷһѩعû˼˵˫޵ǰԼʶǳķ򸾸һ¡
Ŷκ껺ѩعһۣʱɫЩˡ
κֺɩ˲˱飬ǧͷ򸾾־硣ҶеĲ豭ЦҴ֮еǰıʼмйǧеһЩأֻΪǳûʸĸϵȵͨѡ
⻰ٻѧԼƤѡ
κ껺ѩع۾һκ껶Է˻˻֣ȥ漴ʵҶ͵ܣ֪ǰܹͨž飿
Ҷһڲˮλϵļطκֺɩܹ֮ͨõǧеġܹͨǣҪ֪ͨǧпǰʮλĴͨ
Ŷκ껶ʱʧôһͨĻѾǧѷĻԵˣٻõڶţǴ͵ײ˲С
֮⣬λϵǻ˶εķȻǽɾҲ̫СˡҶһ仰ʱκٴ
Ҫ֪ûбͻƿ˶ĵˡ
ٻͶȻ֪˫޵ؼͨߵĿе֪ͨ
˫޵ͨҪͻƿѵѡǧǰʮġ֮⣬Դ֮ѡ񣬾ŮֱһˮһͨĻͬҲ׾ٵͻڵľ硣
Ҷκ껳εЦЦ֪κܷͨ͸ң
κɫʱˣõصҶδЩֱ̫˰ɣ
ཻڳţκһʣҲĨǡҶЦҿκͨˣκܹͨڸңôҿԽͨͻƿķ棬͸̨ʺͻƿͨΣ
κɫø
ҶЦЦԱߵı̨⣬ܵ񽣵ҾˣҶĳʱݡ

񽣵档
Ҷվںߣŵµɱ죬һһʦʦںˮ֮пƶţСսһ򣬽ݺᡣ·
Ӫǧӱָӵľû˿֮
ʱҶʮ򾫱ܹġ
ѵӪҪܹСսܹӦڸָնӵĻҪܹӦȺս
ʮӪҶָ֮£Ѿͻڵľ磬ҪǴĦ˵á
ǣΪӪоеľרŸԸԷĸ֣߶ִи
ҶרŸȫװ䱸һƷɽԼյʹ֮Ϊؾտ
ԴҶ֮ħһ彻֣ݡÿһС嶼һ죬ұǴƼģСŵػõޣһɶ䣬ҶһŶӲʡ
ɨ˼ڵȺ֮ӪѾʼȵˡ
ټҶһִһڸϿٵרڽ׳ƽ֮£֮ͨ£ʹ˰һʮɢ޶ͨкøУؽõꡣ
ҶǴЩڶɢ޿л˺ܶ༫мֵϢ鱨
Ⱥ֮еɢУݬ룬쾳ĸ֮ʥĸҲ٣ΪߵĻй˾׽ٺħ٣ͨĸˣֻȺ˴δȺȻΧָƣǶ޵еȴһ֪
ǿõϢҶеջ񼫷ᡣ
ءԶ߸ںߵܩ¥ϣڱۻţǺ
ڲˣֹͣ˲ݣ˺ˮںѸپۼһ
ԶճһƬ͸ƣҶУѾõκϷ򸾡
κ֣пյˣҶЦ
κ껺ѩعԷȻʽͨ󲻶Ҷ˫޵ĺͻƿ͸ʵķ֮󡣷˻ȹϵһ㡣
Ҷ֮£Ѿɾ񾳵κڶ˵ʵϹڡ˫޵ܡ
ΪԼĿ󷽣Ҷ漴ٻ͵Ӳͳһšˮĸ͡Է򸾣κϷ򸾴ϲ
κ껵Ŀе֪Ⱥ֮ضħûǵԭҲֶֻѣΪԵɺϣһͷħϣˡ˫޵Ĵͨ˴쾳ѾʼŹˣͨ˫޵ĹػԷ֮£оյͻƵͨؾͻ֮ͨ󣬽ɱ˳ǧͷħл˲ٵСͨ
Ҷһһʱ֮£κ껽֣໥ǧ֮ڻǵвӵ֮ͨ֡
һݵʵΪҴ򸾶ɹħٵĹУҶҲóħٶ𲽸ʱɵЧ
񾳷򸾵ķƷϣʤҵˡҶ̾ϢһһҪɱزܹͻħء
ٻȴǼ䲻мصʲôֵģǧеġ˫޵ɾ͵ͨȻףȴҲģߣ㽫Ƕɹħ٣ʤԷʮҲֹǰ;ǲ٣ڵǲȥʼˡ


225 
ƶ֮ƽȵطٻţӺصƲ֮һ
ɰ䷢µڱģȫչ֮ȥһҾ޽㣬Ӱ㿣Ӫĵ濴֮еķ羰˷ܵػ̸ཻž顣
;֮евǿаϢɨӹЩſۣǿ´ͨɵı֮һˡ
˴ҶӪӷɵĿģҪһЩ׶ȣӪȡһЩ֮⣬ҪǸӪĵӾװܹӪǵսӵ˼޵ģ󻯡
ҪǣܹǿӪӵķٲҪ
Ҷϴδ֮Ǽڼ֣ȻʮܸɣǱϾֻھѣЩװҲֻ񾳵ĸֲܹơ
˴νϽȥ˻ȡһֹ׶֮⣬ҶҲܹ֮Сĺ䶯ˣһʱܹ͵޶ˡ
ҶûǰСǣֻذڼװ棬еһƬһһʵӰڲͣر任ţչֳ쳣µ
˫޵ֻܹиܵķ޲ܹǷ˫˫ʱʵҪһƣֻΪṵͨ˫ͨôûʲôرˡ
˫޵ʵĹֹ֮ͨͨͽʵ棬ҪǾ档
˸Ԫܹġ
κϷ򸾾һԵӣǷѾͨһߵľ磬˵ľ⻥ͨãƽսʱ򣬲ӳ־ãܵ񾳸֡
ҶϸһļأԱ㽫ɴϽ֮󣬿԰磬ʡȴ๦ˡ
Ȼ˷λĩβϾҲǧ֮һһ¾ͿԣҪɵĻҶûϼ֥Ĵ㡣
ѾԼͻƵķ˵Ļֻ»Ķ־һֵòʧ
һʶ֮еԿռеһȻע
ףⲻϴӮǼôҶ˾أһ
ǴǬӮģƽת͸֮ҶһֱʵãҲȥˣֻǷһ֮£ֻⷽƴС֮оȻһɵɫҺ壡
ɵɫˮҺչ£ɢžֹΣɢĸֱ֮һƬĸо
ȻǾʥˮҶһ
ʥˮֳ֮ΪʥˮȻֻаƴСʵĿռȴһԲΪء
ڲƵĺе֮У·ͬһȪ۰㣬ͣ³һһɵĵɫˮʹɴʥˮͣࡣ
Ҷʶ֮дˡ
ĵڶԪľӤӦɴʥˮ֮ȴǺȻûԾҶһ֮£һɫָ֮¶֮С
һɫԴԴϵ˳ľӤֱ۳ȡ˽صĳص׽øɺ¶˲Ƶĺеס
ʱ˿̣Ҷʶ֮еľӤϷ˿꿦ıƬ֮ҶоľӤһȦ
˿̵ľӤѾһôˣѾӤˣһͯģ
λãҲ˼Ҷģһ˫͵ʯӶעҶ
ʱľӤӦóƺΪľӲˡ
Ҷϸžеλã֮İ䣬·ͨһĿռһ㣬ҫɫʹ
ۣʵӦǹͨǿһ֮аɣӦǲܹƾɵġ
ҶȻһʥˮǿ֮ҪҲô׵ģֻǵʯвܹɴӡ
ԼľӴĳ̶ֳ˵Ӧķޱȵľȫʶ
һ֮£ʱͳľӤԪʶ֮ˣʶʼľһɫ˾صĳص֮С
Ҷʶľ֮кٿȻһ㱣پǰһƬڣתۼһƬĿİ׹⣬ҫä
ͿΧеĻˡ
ΧһƬʯȺмɫҺһƥĴӣڴӵĺˮޱģںǱնɵЩݵҽһ㣬ʱʱɫĹâĵ˸
ΧһȦһһʯǣȳһġ
ʯΧĵطһſɢž޴ܵĺǺ޹ĴСǡ
ʯһѩ׳һ㣬ͼǺͺ֮䣬ܺĳǣãڿвͣطŷţΧһźתţ֮ǹĶһȭͷСҽݣÿһҽըѿ֮󣬶һŵ±Ž
żһʯ֮֮̾ͱת֮ѩһ㣬ͱڻˡ
ǰǿճҶ̾컯֮
Ҷڿתţϸ۲ӡ
ľʮֵļͣһ޽֮УһƬǿ֮ڣıһ˶ޱȵͼ沼˽ɫĻƣΪҶľǴ󷨵֮ġ
ѹ֣Ǭþעƽ̾Ȼûзԣƾһ󷨣Ҳֵһˣ


226 Գ
Ҷһ֮ش֮ջľ
űһȦɫĹ⻷תˣȻ£еľء
ѹ֣ƽ̻ôӣ٣֮Щ֮ԼӿеٶˡҶа
۽ʱ֮󣬽ͨɵĵҶȥĻɳԭ֮С
ʱ˿̵ĻɳԭѾģˣ׵̲ݺ͵ͰĹľݴӿɼҰáɳ֮СС޴Ծ¿ٵĺܲƬ⻹Ծ˵ٶţһǧ˰﷽ԲĻɳԭѾո˴룬ʣµһٰҶŴСʱܾ޸ˡ
Щ洫ӵʩһ¡γһĵͨΧĵơ
ֻһǧ˰ɳԭڵĵҪ޸ֻ»Ҫ̫ʱָ񾳵ĸԳ޸ҲҪܳһʱȻĥ϶ˡ
ֲϽոջָĵ֮УȫֿҽլԺ֮漴´󵫷ͻʥʥĵӾǨЩ½լԺ֮У֮⣬ԼլԺΧڵﾡԼС
İ䲼֮Զ׼ġ
֮еһЩʥʥӶ׷ҪǨȥˣʹûɳԭ
;֮УڻɳԭæµĵڶǣͷȽȽɹӷۡ
أ𲽿ͨɴɽĸ֮С
ҶѾӦĿɨ䵽ˣôں
Ųųص彥ͨݵλãһʮ׳񽫳ǰȺӡ
Щǵ˼ɵģ֮еĽƥصĸ֡
ҶڵȡԼ֮ʮŻɢȥˣͨݽڵӻسڷȥˡ
ԶȻһȡ
һɫĻƴɽȽȽȻɫĻӰһһɫ˵ǰ̧һ¡
Ҷµ۶ʱһ𣬷·ײһ㣬޴ĹЩ˦
ҶȻŭ֪ǰ߲ʵǷһӸλҪֻûʲô
ĿشӪĵӣɨӵҶϵʱ򣬲ػһ˿֮ɫ
ԱһӪϵӣҶҶʦ֣λеĲԳϡ
ҶеŭǰֵҶݼԳϡ
ӪˣôôࣿԳصҶӪפģְô
ҶһֵسϵĻӪפһƽ̲δŵرȡ׶ȵȨҶΪͳ죬شҲûбȨҴ˴λõŵر࣬ǼʱϽɣҲΪѡ
Ϊ룿ԳһЦôɣ
ӣ£°ɡԶͨУȻƽˡ
Գɫ䣬ֻǸֵصƽ̣ϷֻǿЩΪչѯһѣʲô˼
һ漴תվһԣɫؿҶһ˻˳ͨݽ֮С
Ҷָ֮Ӫĵǽ֮ײڵЩĽ׵޾˳һʱõǰɹŪúò֡
׶ȵĳϼһʱҲЩæҡ
ҶվһԣԶĲԳ޵ذͶˡ
ʱ֮δҶҲоˣ֮ͨȨṹô򵥣ǷΪϵеƽ̺һ洫ӼһϵԳϺһЩĻ̫ϳһϵ
Գһϵ޽֮ʿռݵĿģۼʵȴõġ
һϵĵ֣Ǿǰħսģʱ˵ʱģҲĵӣǰҲˣһϵĳ϶һɵʵһĹϵļѣǴ඼ϰհƽ̺һֵ洫ӶǴ˼ʿЩ˲ʶ㣬˼֮б쳾ֶʮֵ֮ľӢһΪײΪţ뷨ǿŰ磬ʹͨɺĽؿʼƵ
ϴµɶСܣⱾҲûʲô˵ġǰƽλƽ̵ǻ֮ϴȴЩζˣʼڹ⵱ϴˣǿʼ뵱ǺĵȨߵİʾ֮£ͿʼЩСɣǿոŵرĹµҲʼרɵɱޣȥᣬӾʹ˶Ǻ
ìǻɵһĸʵ޿֮£Ǿһɽ֮Уһս֮ڵ񾳸ɵ̫ϳ϶ͣһ£ֹ̬ĳ׶񻯡
ºЩɵ쳹࣬⳥˲٣ɵʮڵ̫ϳһϵ֮£ѹˡ
ֻǣѾ˵ĹϵôֲᱣһĺۼҲ޷ֲ
һ׳ɳ֮еĸҲ
ƽȻиΪƽ̣ҲĹ˼ɣһСľͻڲ
˵ӹܵĲԳϣΪ찵׸һЩô͸˺ܶȱ£ƽ̰Ź棬ǲܹô


227 ʥħڶ٣
ǰֵĳ̶ȼ׼Ĵˡ
Ϻ;Ÿͷҧгݵز飬һһ׶ȵǷ˹׶֮С
ȡ˹׶ȵӪӻϲصƾͳ鱦ȥ׼ѡԼѾõͷˡ
ͨɵɣһ徲Ϊֵĳ浹Ǵδйģʵ˲ٵ洫פ
ҶȻԳϹĨǵвҲһ֮ͨ󣬵ΪѾֵزʿ־ħħ֣ûзϡ
Լɵλʵ϶ϼһԹ԰Ӧвкˡ
ƽ̵ݽԼ뱨֮ҶؾͷصԼլԺ֮С
뿪ԼլԺˣԼլԺ˳ȾɼɵĽЧ
ŴӲؾȡĵһ֮ҶȻоϳһ쳣ĳظоˡ
ô£Ҷоͷһļ¶һʼֻͬҲһ㣬ķȾȻһ߹һ
ࡰ顱ǿ޹һѾ𶯵ĹĤ֮ˣ
ιٻͣڵô£ҶЩˣæʵ
㻹ٻ˶ɨһϣһ񿴰׳յģ˸ǷҪħڶٵĶ͹ǽˣ
ħڶ٣˵Ҷʱһ
ǿɲţϢˣϽħ˵ٻ͹һ䣬ŹǷ˻ȥ
Ҷһۣ漴һ񣬶
ڶ֮͹ǽ٣Ҷ͵صһȻһ֮£ˮһĶݵѪѹĳ㿪ʼӿ
ˣˣ
ڹ֮еĹ裬ͬصײͣ𼴽Ҫ緢ҽһ㣬ЩƥѪҺȻҵظ˹棬ʼһӲؼ˽ȥ
Ҷһ˺ѷεĺˣļϹĶһȭͷİ漴ƽȥ
Ѫͬʱؽ֮£ҶȫĹ֮д˸¸µ·еҵعζŲһ㡣
ȫ渽һҽѪɢžҵƺҪ֮оڻһ㣬صĹȴ·Ҳѹһ㣬ؿʼڹ֮ұ
ҶɫľȻֻԪסͷλõĹΪһСľǱĽ֡
͹ǽȻôץյĳ̶ȴǴʮҲֹ
вͻᱻѹŤ飬ԻָˣǲҲһˡ
һһҼлѪ֮£ͬʹëرһ˿һƵض͵ڲдʣ˼Ӳͼ汸ֶʹĹ֮УҲ㱻ʹ˱һ㣬쳣ǿ߷֮£ǵһĤȴָ𲽵һµĹȻٴνµĶʹ
Ĺڲ֮ԼҲϸСѪܣһҶڿơ
أڲͣϢҶظӦڶѾ˵ؽɫ󣬹⻬Ĺ渲һ͵ѪĤһ㿴ȥޱȵĹѾϸ׵Ŀ׶ģĹ·𱻾ϴһ飬ܹѪ໥ͨϴ
ʱ˿̣ҶĹ·Ѿֲ۵ʹİְ㣬ͨøеԺˣܸᣬյܶᵽܹȫ
νĶ͹ǽˣͨʹѪǹͨĹ裬˲ܹһ塣
ǰڶʱѪǣǣӶʹɹӵһͻʥ
ڣͬҲĶɹ͹ǽʮ־޴ʹѶȣǺǳǵ֮£ڶħٵѶ֮ࡣ
ǺڣѾȥˡ
ǺյһءҶͷǺˮһѣǿȶ
ոвԼȫѹ飬Լͷ­ϵĹʮ飬Լȭ⻤ִԣ˶͹ǵĹؼ֮ԼҲᵼԼΪмΡ
ٻʹӵ̽˴ԴЦصһ֮ħ٣Ȼһôץ񣬵ȴһٱһвмͻ
֪ӦġҶޱȱߵص׽ٺùħѽⰡ
ߴ׽ٵʱֻҪ־ᶨʱһ֮󣬱׹ĸžݳԪһپ͹ȥˣֻҪԼԸ⣬ҲԷӡԼԪʲôʱɽپʲôʱɽ٣ʵڲоͽ˶ɽҲף߿ɾĲˣħٷ׼Ļᣬ˵ͷƽԼסҲˣ浽ֱսΣսͻȻҪ˵ˣ
ʵʥҲкôģ㽫ͻ֪֮ˡٻͼ˼۾ͻ֮𣬷ϣҪǿһǺǳǶֻۣ·ҪǿѰߵı
ٻ֣µĸצӣȻһ£Цص
ޣô˵ҵǺǳڶɽٷ棬ҲһҶûص
ʣټ˼ҵĸͻħٻ׾ٵôٻļͷЦڳԿ࣬Ѿˣͻʣħ٣һ֮󣬾ͺգƿգ
ٻͿĭɣͼĵڣԱߵҶѾΪƣ߶˯ˡ


228 Сһ
ͨɵĴ֮УΧţֱеĳǡ
жƽ̡
ƽ̿ʵִ
ִһˣϢȴ쳣ѾǵΪˣǰһֵƽ̣޽ħ֣ദԳħ٣ɵʮڶѾɳڵ洫ӿʼֵħ½飬ǷҪɳڵ洫ӳȥѲһƻĺλóһͷصħ£һħСҪ洫ӳֽ𡣡
ĬƬ̣˵Ҳǣ֪ͨһ֮е洫ӣԸչеģħֻͷصħ򲻿ɵ֮ҪɳһʵѡС
ƽ̵ĻԸǰԱվһˣǱˣǲԳϡ
Գϣüͷһ壬
Գ˸ƽ̵ĻϷնħҪЩ洫ӸӶħһĹ֮ϷԸǰħ
ƽΣͷԳϣȻˣȥɡ
λϱһЩ֮ƽ̼ûʲôɴ漴ЩǶȥ
޵ķ򣬾ǾԺطʵǿˡͨڵĹƶȼ֮ƹܸŵĳϸ죬ǾԲڶϤһеƽǰʲô̰ܻߵıϷ
ƽ̿Ϊصľͷ֮еκСıСĵС
ΪʵҲ֮ӱӶˡ
֮еĳǷ׷׶ֻһ۵˱󣬴˶뿪˽֮
ƽ̣Գæڵ飬ǾԲκ˻ӵĺ£ϴҶΪĶʤѾ֮Ϊжд̣˴ػᰴŹ棬ѡҶΪвӣֻ¡
ҶȻʺܸߣһľ֣жߣԴж٣ؼҪ᲻ڹزۣ֮Щ洫ӣһ׾ǧٳԵɱųɵġƽЦЦҶʱҾѾ񣬴˷Իһǵǲõġ
۳ĬȻƬ̣˵ͷС;忰
˭ܹƿԼأҲܡƽ̧ͷŲԶǳһЦңͻ˵Ϊͷ֮󣬱Ϊӽܹ֮⣬ֱڣѾǵصΪɲܹ
ƽ̣ǲɲԳôΪȥɣ
̾ԳȻܣϾ̫ϳϵĵ֮һƲֻ¾ͻǳ̫ϳˣһͨڲȣоͻлɳˣʱɲҴʱǷǳʱڣħǻдǲò
ƽǸհԶ۳޵
ԱһҶֽݸϳϣҶ룬ͰȥɣõĽžõˡ
סϳϽ˹漴ȥ

ҶլԺ֮С
ոնɹħٵڶصҶѾָ۷״̬˿̵Ƶ棬Ŀеؼ¡
ԶһƻӰһתۼլԺϿգһɻ
ҶȻоƤͬպĵӹһ㣬ʹ
ѵҶƿڴǿǰӰ̰֮ѵһ໰ȥ
عֵӰݼԳϡ
ţѾǶħˣԳؿҶ
ոնɹѡҶƽص
Գϵ粻
ã˴׼ƻĺһ⣬һͷصħҪһ̴ӸЩСħԳѾ㣬һ⣬ҸԸͷħ㣬ҪһСħ
Գϴһ˦һѾסҶ漴һƬƶ䡣
ԳϷеٶȼ죬Ҷ֮ؿɽš
Խ˼ɽ֮һ֮УƬ֮гĺ¥ĻӰ
֮УȴһƬƬһ֣ʱзŮûзɳ˼
СԳҲԱߵҶָһ֮£һŽɫĻˣ̧һ֮£ɢŮһ㣬׷سƬ˹ȥ
ЩɫĻһ֮к󣬾Ȼô֮Уž֮
ʵˮһһը˿¶ĳˡ
ȥһƬɽ֮ƣһƬ̺ƻһ֣ȴħ֡
Գһָ棬صȥԸЩСͷħ֮󣬱Ϸá
ҶûΪ֪ǿҲûãԳûһ֮ֻһ߶ʮ˴ڶ˸㣬ȻԼǸ˳ǹֱֽбԼУڿȻȥˡ
еĲԳ
ҶƬʢľ֮УţЩڶ쳣Ӵ󣬼ˣҲʮֵӷף沼ª
һ쳣ӷ׵ɺȻѿˣһɵɫҺŵҶ
Ҷַ̧һ磬ɵɫ֭Һһԡ
֮кȻѿһӣ͵һֻë׵צӣݺݵץ
꣡Ҷһǹݺݴ֮УȻ
֨֨һֻԳħعﱻظ˳
ûҶиֱ޷ɳһ޽𱬳һľ
ٻͣڸô죿
ٻûصô죿ǸԳϵΪȻãھܹҪɱȴҲѣһ¶鷳ˣ
ҿЩƺħģħҲḷ̌óľ͵ϮٻͽĵͷһľӵӦܹѹЩľϵħġ
ҶĬĬһ£ڶԪľͷųһָλ˸һ㾧ɫĹ㡣
һ·ЩֵľڸӦϵľӵϢ֮æ˿մȾһ㣬֮ˢˢسһ·


229 С
ԳϣҸող׽һͷħе֪⵺ϵħһӽľƷ
Ҷ͵һšת
һɫתСɽϣܹɽ壬ɫ֮ΣɽΧĻơ
ΣĹͷҶͳһɫķ͵˳ȥһ赭ɫľǰ˹ȥ
¡
ҶľɵɫתСɽըһŻ磬һӾȻͰСɽڿ˼
ʲôȻûˣҶһ
ľݻľףٻͿԼģ˵ˣѰıһºըᱻըѵģɫСɽȻֻڿвͣط
Ǹ˼ʱѾûˣɫСɽڿеһת֮󣬻һǣųصķٴγ˹
Ҷһݣٿ仯һߣʹ˳̵ط˳ȥ
ɫСɽȻһ֮£𵴵ɽںɿ׷˹Ȼȷɽ˶١
Ҷڿн֮£һͷ˲Զľ޴ɽɺʯ档
ϢأܲɫСɽⷽɺʯһѹⷽɺʯѾϢرѹ˻ҳˡ
ǰ񱼵ҶһеĲԳ϶ˡ
ͷħɽ֮ǺöԳһʱ俴̰֮
Ŀļһһ˵֮ȻͿ϶еΣˡ
ৣһɫıӰͳ˹ڿһ㣬СɽȦסˡ
ƱǲԳϳѾõı̺˲Գͨס
֮һ²סɫСɽɫСɽƺҲƴƱ޷ؽһ㡣
ԳȲسһչ֮£һӿ̾Сɽڣ׼̾ռⷽСɽ
׳գ㵱߾ħôԶһкȻһسХˣһɾĺ˹
źδһ֮£ʮ˸Źǰɫ⻪ĻҰ׵賯Գϴ˹ȥ
ңԳŭ뷢ţһŭ֮£Ȼ޵Ӱʮż׻ӿӭЩǰɫĹ衣
ž
ͬʱҽһһȵը˿
ԳһסǼ̧һָ֮£৵һ׺յĽХҵǧӰħӰ˹ȥħӰ񶷳һš
߾ħҲֳԼģˣֻҳۣͷī񱦹ڣļӢаȣһͷɫĳֻɫ֮ͫԣ·ĺڶһ㣬ҪеĹ߶˽ȥ
ǵ֮У֪ܹٵŮ
ʱ˿ʹһɫ»䵶µĵӰֻǧԳϵĽȦסһʱ֮侹Ȼ˸ֺ
䵶ȻҲһƷıͲԳûķɽ֮»Ƿ׷ױɣȻ˿
ʮغ֮߾ħкȻһĨ֮ɫ
еĽɫ䵶Ȼһף˵һһɫ糯Գ˹ȥ
֮Ƿɳһֻǰɫ׷ȣһ֮£һֻ޴׺ݺݵҧס˲Գϵķɽ
ԳһʱղԼķɽԱǱɫ䵶ȴ˹Ц֪ħͷΪֵСɱңϷƣ
һſڣ³һɫĻɫȫֻͨһѪףһ֮¾ѷɫھƷһ
ϵˣСұϣҹħʱЦһ͵̧һָ
ԣԣԣԳϱȻѵֻǷСٿȻɫĹ⻪͵һʣ
ԳԳķƱ޴˿Сһǣɫβ棬ײ˹
һֻҪײˣԳǸˣҲᱻײ顣
ΣͷԳһȣλúȻһɫСܣ沼˹걳Ļƣɢİ⻪
꣡ӵСѾķ˿Գ͵ŻһѪ
˲ջԼǿڷɽˣתݹܣһ·ܣһ·ͣŻѪ
̰޴࣡߾ħЦһСǱɫ䵶
ԳϵǿڷɽڿбһƵ߾ħ
Ѿܵ·־ʹĲԳŻһѪˡ
ǿϧˣ޴ϼһġ߾ħŵѵı޽ڲ̾Ϣ
Ļ䣬֮ٿȻһĨɵĹ⻪һӤȭͷɫ˹߾ħĺ
ּ߾ħʧ̬֮£ˣķӦҲޱȣɫ䵶ȦһȦɫȥֹȫħ񵲡
Եһ죬߾ħĽɫ䵶һըѳһˣĻҶľ׵ĺը֮£ֽһ㡣
ʲôȻܹ˱߾ħ⧲֮£ըɣըƣͬ󱳶ըһ˶Ѫˡ
ûŴٻͳȥһҶͷϺȻһڣǷСѾٶ
ûҶֲСѾ˹յɫ쵽罫Ҷ˶˽ȥˡ
СҶ˶ѹסˡ
ģҶͷһȦһȦĹⲨ˸˲̤ͣؽɾ޴ѹȭȻ˳
Сɫ⻪ͣתţͷϳȴסҶ岻ߣֻرѹ󱻳ѹӡ
Ҷ΢΢һ˫̾Ѿ˵֮Уȫ֮з˿ˡ


230 շ
֮⣬СûмȣȻ˿Уתݡ
Ҷʰ쵵Ĺ֣ӦƷתĹɡ
߾ħˣһЦ黫࣡Ȼ͵Ϯո͵ϮķԿǷһȻĻҪȡˣ
ѺˡҶıĻƨģɱ֮ǰһԱ˷ͬھ
߾ħһϣ¶߳ŭɫ漴Цãã֣һ첻˱ѹһ죬һ겻ӱѹһ꣡ҿ㻹ܰã
˵仰ȻҵؿҲ쳣˻ơ
ûõġٻûɵص
ҶؿһۣԽǸӴԽǾķ΢٣һʼǴԸʲôħѴ֮𣿡
û취ڿǻƽȮ۰ٻؿһۣ˶У㻹ôܹСɣ˼ҵľ鿴СһƷš
ٻ˶צ֧򢣬ͷϽ޵УɫˣСǲɼ֮ŵرɵģ֮ʱͨͶӰʹƷɱɵѾһ˿ˣܲҵڣ
ҶεʼͷȶҾ԰ɡ
ҶжȻ˺ڰ⣬һ㿪ʼתעͷϵǴۡ
һƼޱȵľȶ𣬳ϵǴ𲽵͸˽ȥ
ޱȵľ˽ƣΧ޵Ŀռ֮һһͼһɹз籩֮ľҵغ˹
꣡꣡ľñˣȴʮֵļͣݺ͸˽ȥ
ڰ׻͸ӰСˣڿռ֮вͣţתĽƷݺݳľ
ľ룬͸С˴߶
ǸһʱʱƲˣҶȭʶ
ǻܣŶûУ̣ҶסҶطһͷϹгһ˶ޱȵĺڰУռ֮еͼתȻͣ
ǸħӰʱЦ¸£Ȼô޴֪ǵĶ֣Ҫ֣
䣬еҶһͷϹȭӰȻһһĻӰرһѾͽסˡ
ͷģĻħӰħһѱס֮ҵڿзһ˫һҪ𿪵ĵڣħζȻ仯ȻͻһʺɫУعסˣһͬԴͬˣɻ治ͣţʼһһε˽ȥ
Ա߷ɳͷħҲֱͷħӰ𣬰˵ħӰʼ׽Զɱ
Ҷ컯ȭ֮еȭѾԲľˣħܵӰ죬ѾӵԡҪͬͬԴֱ練ơ
޼Ǭ跨ͬͬԴ˱һںǣҶ˫Ҿ𣬻һ
֮кڰвͣתγһټĿնħ·ڻħӰ֮һ㣬ģ
أħӰħ
ḥ̂תҶͷ亹̵˫ֽ߾ȫת
СȻҶͷϼ쬵ҵתһϸĵдѾȫ׵ıˡ
СڿһתƮƮ֮С
ҶһģɫٿȻò԰
ոԼʶ֮еȭȻȻѾȡС飡ĴҲǲСľγɲǣ㱻ֻ֮һ
ҺáһⶫҶһκԴ漴ȶ
ȡһֻɫС«˼νɫԸҺ壬ˣԼͷ֮УŻָһЩ
Ҷ˻ԴٻͿʵɹô
ϻԼʶгٻͷ۵ģˣҶ۾ϸ𷨱ˡ
ɽ⻬ƥڶλȴһ˶ޱȵķ󣬴һ쳣ӣԶϢ·ؼԴһ㡣
ɽĵزΧϸСķͼʼͣתγһ͹ӵд󣬿ҶٻĿѣԡ
ɽУһ龧ɫվʯ
ٻ˶ƥΧСݣгħ񣬲طɵЦˡ
ҶЩͷصٻͣ㿴ʲôûС
ԭˣҶСӷˣķˣСȴеͶӰٻعЦ
еҶʱ˷׷ʵҲǧ֮һ
Ȼˣеǧоǰʮٻ˷ָܵСɽ嶥ľ޴㿴ɽľˮµС󷨣ȴȫеݻСͨѣҵ죬ķˣ
Ȼܳеǿȭһ¥ٻͽе㲽֮еķǸ°빦ˣ


231 ɱħ
Сɻһɡεͷϡ
Ҷɫƽ޲
ͷΧ棬ֵħ񣬸ޱؿҶɫĹķͼ
ոСʱҶѾӦһ޶˼롣
ıȻԾһƷʶȴʮֶģûб߾ħ
ĳ˵𷨱߾ħʵ൱֮ҲֻǺĹϵѣ˵ӹϵѡ
С߾ħս߾ħСṩвϣŵر䴸
СϵѾԲеͶӰ渽ˡߵ󷨡ͨǡ֮⣬ֻͨɵʱ򣬲ܹ׵ķӳȫˡ
ҶԴԲȭȡ֮ȭ;Ҳسȡһ롣
ҶȻ۾ٻͣеͨȷǲôҵ컯ȭȭأ
ʲôϡģʲôٻͲмص˼ζԲеȻΪһ˵ܹ仯ͨС˵ͬҲ컯ȭȭȻȭеתͨΪʲôʶ֮У
ҶʱĴָ
ټ֣ٻצӣмص
ҶЩεӡ
Ȼһˣ߾ħٺٺٺ٣Сӣڿǵô
ҶĬȻƬ̣ãҴӦ㡣
߾ħЦʹ죬ҪȰǼܹ׵Ķҿɲġ
ǲСҶЦħһ򶼽թ֣ô֪᲻Ӳţõϵͻᶯɱң
ٺٺ٣ŲңҲŲ㣬Σ߾ħ˼Ƭ̣һԵķħħԼֻҪ㷢ԼҾͷΣ
ҶĬãŵðɡ
ã߾ħٺٹЦһ漴ҶͷϵСҿסСӣ
С˵ͷ
߾ħһŹֵӡһϺɫĻˡ
ħԷ١Ѫ⻯ΪǻΪ֤֡ӡԾŵħ֮
߾ħţһϺɫħѪڿ۳ֽţ渡һһּ
ɲǼ䣬ǰպȻɫ
ǧ֮һ˲䣬ͷСٿȻ
ಣڿеתСȻڿоҷ͵ؼһɿ쭣Ϯ£ʯ㣬¡¡ؼѹ˹һӾͳ߾ħײ˹ȥ߾ħֲ֮£Сһϣ
ˣ߾ħţطһ춯صŭϱײһŽɫѪ꣡
ոҶɹذսؼʱ̣͵С֮£˴ֲѾ˿
ըĳ̳ɢ֮߾ħطɳǧ֮⣬Сٻ޹ǵص˻
㡭߾ħߵѪģѾȱʧ˴룬ȴ¶ƺͭһѪ⣬滹Ѫܾ硣
Һķ˰˰壡ȻˣҪ˺㣡߾ħױŭˡ
ħҲԼɵģȻһӾ֮ˣҲٵһΪܹŭ
ߣҶûгû׷ɱһ֮£س漲ɶȥ
÷˵߾ħ໵һֽУǿڽɫħȻһವһ»һ⳯Ҷ׷ɱ˹ȥҲѪܵ׷ɱ˹ȥ
Ȼȱˣ߾ħϾħһ壬ͬ࣬ȻŲҶ͵׷ɱ˹
ոҶû׷ɱǾ˵㹻İսԼɱȻûгû׷ɱô˵ҶɲĶ֡
һһħڿһܣһ׷ֹҶСͷϣ®Լͷϻֵʮι̣߾ħĽɫ䵶ܹ®ƣſһȦһȦɫ쵵ĹⲨ
Ҷ˲Զƺû˵һͳ˽ȥ
ת֮ûӰ
֮кȻɳһֻɫƬľצٻڿһ֮£̽˶׵צһѾͽħεץ֮УӿĴһ˲Ϣͽȫ˸š
ƻС߾ħʱҽһ
ٺ٣ǸСħͷѣݺµʱСħͷ֪ɱ˼ٻͺٺٹЦţһɽɫ˼Ȧ֮͵ؽ߾ħƤһ˳ȥ
߾ħоԼħѹסˣýʵʵҪŭʱ嶸ȻƼڿлһĻߡ
ɵСĵؿܣ߾ħתͷſ˶ľĳƲ˹ȥвŭ
žϵĻһ˿
һ̣ǰһűɫĹ򣬼¡¡ķ֮ű˹۾ʱԽԽؿīɫĹԼˡ
߾ħһ춯صĲҽУ
꣡бһīɫĻˣīɫһɢ֮߾ħѾˡ
زƲƮƮƵشӿ׹ٻ˶һ֮̽£ͽ߾ħ
Ʋ֮еҶð˳пһű̹


232 
ɱͷ߾ħ֮Ҷ漴׼һѷͽ·ص߾ħĳѨ֮УһΡ
뷨δжͱٻֹˡ
ħһթ̰壬һ㶼ѼֵĶԼϣھǻȥҲʲôˡٻͰһۣݸһŴĥʮֹ⻬ľʯ
öɫʯڲ·Բһһ㣬ԼԼƷС
ϧˣܽͷħĻǱסͺˣԴļ֮лøˡҶҡҡͷ
ٻЦһƣǿ߰ɣܸоЩԾ
ҶһݣһµµĴ󺣣û˵һͷ˽ȥ
ں֮УƾС渽ͨһˮݡ
Ҷ뿪ûãԶȽȽطһƣͣ
Ϊ׵һǸոձ߾ħñͷܵ˵ԳϣڲԳϵߣһ没ݵӣ·һһ㣬ϢƺȲԳϸǿ
µĲԳϵƺѾκãֻݸԵòһ¡
Գϵ޲ˣҲķѵ˽ˣ̬Ҳͻƾɾ͵ˡ
ƿͻˡ
ˡԳָָ棬ҧгݵص
ǰӺȻͨɵ洫֮һݴ˵Ѿ񾳾صΪˣ˵ͷľ磬ȴдħ񶷣ħһش䣬شԼķ࣬ʹԼͷΪȻõƽ̵ĽȣγڵĺףҲ㱻һ룡
ڿƺ˵жˡ
ָ̽΢΢һץڱǶᣬ漴֡
ͷħѾ׻ɱˣҸоԹöЩˡ
ԳйƤһ㡣
ʦҲˣͷмϵ΢΢һЦȰʦһͣͲҪΪͽˡ
УеϣˣһϣͲҪԳҧгݣݺݵصҲͻƲƿҪһgϣϣƽ֮λӵıô
صʦڵΪеĵǼȵĲ
ظ֮ԳϺһЩʶǳСǸԸԴ磬ûоħսǵȻ֪ʵжôǿֻͨ۵ˣΪʲôβʿҪľʵʵûʵһжǿգ
˵Щҧгݡ
ĬȻƬֻ̣ܷһε̾ϢͲԳһص˲ԶƬһ֮Уָ̧һץ֮һѷ졣
Ƭһ֮вħزҽ׷ͬɶͶһٵشгֵѷ֮С
̧һšת֮£һϷֻ֮гһ΢磬ƬƬʢһ֡
ʦͽȥɣҲǸ֮нˡ˼΢罻˲Գϣڵ
ţҲáԳϽ˹Ͷౣأһȥˣ
Գת֮ͻһƬɫĻƣԶɳ۶ȥˡ

ʱ˿̣ںҶڿ಻ԡ
ںͷŵСһտɫĹֻԼϣµѾ˳ɫˡ
ʹ˲Ϣʧȥе
ʹĸоϴεļٲͬ˹еȫһķֻǿŶѡ
ǵٵĳ٣
Ҷнп죬ɵںϢо˹İɫĹ·ѹһ㣬˿˿ƵŹͷ϶͸һ˿һƵԼѪ֮УţԼѪ漴˹֮С
ЩɫĹִ֮ͨ£ؿʼ˴ɫպҺ̬һ㣬ʼʸݡ
أҶڵĹѾǰİɫɫڹһϢҽ
ǳˡȻͣ
ҶԼһأŻµѪ֮дȸУٴҽһ
ɲǼ䣬оԼȫѪҺ·ʼˣ
ȵѪҺļ˰ɫһһˮ·Ģһˡ
ããѪǽ٣ҶвϲִԱץһѲԪĵҩȥʼĬʶ
һ׺ȶѾȫѪҺȼշڣ
Ҷо类Ͷŵ˻ɽ֮һ㣬ʼ鲻ԽʼشŴ˼֮£תطҵش߶ڵѪתֻǻţһԸٻȫµÿһϸСѪܣһһεĺڻɫͺӺëг͸˳˵ϡ
ٻ˶ޱȵӵ֮д˳ģ˺ٺٵĹЦ
˶צȻ̧򵤶ڲһץ֮£ڲλһɫˮȻӿӿ֣ɢŹ֮
ʥˮٻͣ뺦ҲɣҶ֮£ʱƿڴ
ƨ֪ôˣٻ͹Цһצһ֮£ʥˮγɵˮѾˡ
ʥˮѸˢȫе۹Ѫķٴ֮£ҶоڵѪǽת
ʥˮǣѪǽٵĳ׸죬νⶼǿʮҲֹ


233 ٣
ʥˮһ֮ٻ͵֮£Ҷĵ̽Ҳ˿
㡭ҶûȫᵽѪǽٺĿУ֮ٿȻ䴫˺ҧĸоٴ˱ĸо֮С
ٻ͡˵ҶŭŻצ԰һʥˮٻ͡
ſڴһǵѪ߶ߡ
ٺ٣٣ʵͷˣٻͺٺٹЦ漴˶צѲ֮еһξʥˮ㵹ɾˡ
㡭ۣҶɫ˲ѾϺɫˣѾٻ͵ʮ˴ʺһߣÿÿҵشϢһ͵³һڼŨ̵Ѫ飬˴ۻࡣ
̽Ҳ֮Ϊ٣Ѫڵϴ˸ɾ
ٻ͵İֱ̽١
֪˶ãѾڵ񾭻Ҷӵɾ³һ
ٻһԣһ˫˶ۿ
´ǧ򣬱ôˡҶΧųĴƬգӶҡҡͷתϵ·ܵһϴһ¡
ʣ١١Ͻ١ֻؽĽ١ٻͺٺЦˣצӵĽҪҲˡ
˵ٻ͵ҲŲ֪硢ٵҲˣֵһħֻؽѶɣ֪жֶһˡ
˻ôҶʵ
᳹ױɰ׳աٻͷ˷۵
Ҷʱ鲻Խش˸䡣
ٻ͵ڻ룬ôȥǣҪ֪ģ˵ģǸĲԳϡ
ɽơҶٺٹЦһ

ͨɵɽ֮⣬һײײۻ಻ɽϵ̨ȫķѾȫˣʵķҲ۶أ¶ϲ˱ҧѪۡ
ߵ˴ſ⣬ͨһᵹڵˡ
ػɽŵĵü˹ǰѪ߰ߵӡ
ⲻҶʦ𣿡Ϊ׵һ۵ӿڵ㲻ǸԳȥƻĺȥɱͷħôôˣ
ҡҶؿӣѵؿڵ졭һȥ
һϢҶŵĵӷ߽ŵҽ֮С
ŵӵеҽõĵһЩʥΪĵӸ˻ģЩж֮а䷢ҽˮ˶Ч
Ҷʱ϶̣֮кнȴʵ٣һһѶ̽ˣҶиеһ˿ů
Ӫĵǣڵ֪Ҷ˹֮Էػ
ӪĵǶס˾ҶסլԶĵطӪڶǶѾװƵķºͷжǹѾһ۷ľ硣
ȻҶܵ˻أǧ㹱׶ȵҽõСѸٰƤ˿˱ٴΣ֮ʣ˺һֽŲȹˡ
ҽõǸС鲢ïһ˵Ҷϵ˻֮鿪ʼŪзһɳӰ֮ⶼѾ֪˲ԳϸɵЩ¡
ǲԳòƲ֪ԼѾ׷ŭڵ֪Ҷƽ֮ƽӹ޴ϼһڶȥˡ
ҶټլԺ֮УԺⲻӪĵӶԺ
һӰƿնԳƮƮ˿С
ڳѵǶͣеѵΧ
ҪҶҪѯʡԳվſڣص
ſڵĵǿѹŭ𣬹ԳϵԳϣǴͳˣܼˡ
ǲܼˣǲҼأԳЦһϰĶȻҸҰʲôӣ
򵥵һ仰Ӫ˵ŭˣҲԣѾԲԳϼȲѹֵĵǶըˣͥԺ洫˻ĽŲѹѹһƬȺѸٸ˹ˡ
ǡʲôʲôҪ췴𣿡ԳתͷһΧһȦüǳ鴤һ£漴˹صѯҶһЩ飬ͼȻ˿
Ʊǣ̧һ֮£ӿڳӪĵǶһƬյء
ңңǰһԣӪĵŭѾѪͫˣ˵֮аϸĵȼƶȣǲӪӵѪԡ
ӪеĵѾȥˣڵسԳΧ˹һ˫˫ŭͫݺݵעŲԳϣЩƢ𱩵ĵ޵ظһʱòԳϸо޴
˴Ӫ֮󣬻ŵر㻻ȡ˽ټ˽ľ֮£ʮͬʱصΪҲᱻж˿顣
֮кȻһ⣬˲ԳϵϣԳϵ˲˪תۼ˶ѾӲˡ
ԳѾ˱Ҳˡ
ԳϣƻδȬͻȥչȥɡ֮дƽ˴ΣӪĴͳҶ´󹦣ƷҶһɽһڣӪÿ˴辫ԪһƿˣǶ°ɡ
˵꣬еѾ˵ĲԳˡಡһ³ʧԶ
ƽһԷ֮£Ⱥ鼤ߵӪȥˡ
֮һε̾Ϣ
ҽ֮ײҶԵһ̾ϢŨŨζжȻһ
ΪľͷΪƽ̣ҲԼεĵط
ʵֻҪԼܹͻ񾳣ɾ񾳵洫ӣԳֽɫҲԼˣ


234 ׽ϸ
֮֮ҽ˵Ҷڱˡ֮£ܹµˡ
Ǹƽӹ޴ĲԳƽ̵֮£ǿƱչûиʮʱ䣬Ǿܹ˷ˡ
ҶҪץһʱ䣬ʱȡͻƺļħ٣ͻ񾳣һԳϾû͵ҺԼˡ
һֱԳȻ˽޹ݺɵӣʵȴֻɹĿӶѣǲûĴµĹ
˵ݺҶֱӾͰҶֱӶһλħħɱ˭Ҳ˵ʲô
ǿԳϱʦ̫ϳϵķϣͽ²ӵ϶̨׻𵶵Ŀ̴ˡ
֮е̨רŴЩ񼫵ӵĵطԽأܷʱͻԽ˵ֿ̲ĳ̶ϣһλħŵ񾳳ϱץ֮󣬷ŵ̨˰յ׻𵶵Ŀեһ˿󱻴ûɢ
Ҷһ·լԺ֮лϣ΢΢۾
ûˣ߰ɣȥѵˡҶһ¼񾫹ڡ

ͨϵλãһȺһȺӪĵȻ
һٶںʦͬʱӶеķ˺ڻƶһ
һƬɫĹⲨ˸ϾȻ¡һĺصǽ빵֣ٸڸת֮󣬵潥γһݺύԹģ
һʦϸСٵĲѣǽλþȵزȻʳһ˱ɫѣЩٲѸڵ˳ǽظһ㡣
ӣевУҶŰӣһԻӣǰ䷢ɵԹռһҪƵħҹ桢ɲ֮ͺܴħǵıһҪʺЩʦսУЩ߾ٵĲѣһҪȣҿҪܹЩħһ󸫵ģ
ӪԵļҪħһ͵ħһ塣ƽԭսĻ߶ϵħһǾԻԴģȴǿ
ҶˣȻҲʺԼĵλãǾԼԼĵλã
ЩҵĶݼԹأǲ˿ӿݸߵͲƽزǽͿܹ޶ȵƵħһߴƣһ޶ȵطӪߵս͵ħһ彻֣ܹʹӪĵһʮ
ϧЩʦǵһַЩæҵģϱŪÿӿǱŪҶǾƣߡ
ԱߵĸͳʵҶϴЩʦԼԹصĿռ䣬ǲЩ̫Ϊˣ
УӪҪĲֹܹӦȺĵħСΧڵսҲҪҶҡͷս˲Ϣ䣬ʲô鶼ܷ¶һҪԿΪӪʦ͵ħһеҹ桢ħ֮ȺսĻԻܳԿġ
ħһթգޣħһȴǡǡ෴ͷԼ򵥣ǿ׳
˵ڶսʱ򣬵ħһ康η򵥵ʶֻ֮սıܣû֮ĸ˵Ĵֻ̼ἤǵķŭѡ
ӪȻһֱ֮дڣôҶΪӪᱻó
ƽȴʹشӦҲһֱû˵Ӫò˶þͻսˡ
ҶƽĸַѾ䷢λˣ˵ܹ̾뻬編£˿ףϽնħħ񾵡̻иֹѪ֮ศԵķǸǲ˵ˣӦҪרӦڴΧսĸַ
˴֮޻߶Ҷڳһĳֱ۵Ĵ
Ҷǻ˻֣ȺӸԶȥѵȥˡ
ͷ֮ܲͮУԼϸСľ˸
ţ
ҶжȻһ쳣ĸо
оԼӪϿԼһֵӰӣ͵һ㡣
ӪĵĵطΪڻɳԭһѾ֮ܿеĽԲŻ͵ˡ
ȭѾԲ˫ľأӪػȻһ壬ȭ⡣
Ԫ޿ײ룬ȭȴӵԵģԲȭϤһ塣
͵ӰȻҶȭ⡣
Ҷɫ漴Աһ
ϴкηԸʮ˹ʮҶѡģǶѾڵΪұҶˡնѾ
ʮǶԸħǶԸħмɱ
ûʲôֻҪһĵˡҶ˵ͷһָǵĵ͸𣿡
Ȼо֣ϰҶпյˣصͷˡ
Ҷ˵ͷ¶һ˿թЦ⡣
ϤҶԵǶЦݣϴ¶ЦݣҪùˡ
ƣҶȻ̧һббһָӪʮͬްһ֣ü侫ⱬˢˢذγսһ
ȣгˢˢػ˸Բбա
һ쳣Ӵĵ֮𣬷·һ㡣
еǲƲ㣬һӾͱһ˶Ŀնˡ¶ա
֮еԪ⧲֮£ʱӴȭһ³˸ţһؼС
жȻһɫѺۣһ͸Ԫ񣬾Ȼջþб˳ΧȴһƬˮԲι֡
ˮ͸ڿȻһܵĵڡ
򣡡ⱬ䣬պȳһԡ
޴ձֻ֮͸·ܵһɼճľ赲Ȼͣ˿Уط
Ҷ۾ſкҷ͸Ȼһһ˲Ϣ䣬Ծ˿Уһ쳣ҵ籡Ȧסָֻ̧һץͬʱ˳һ֮£ݺǯס֧
ŮѾʥΪˣҪûߵģҲ֪أǰɫĮָֻ̧꣬׼һץһʱһһεľѹϣƾʥΪԪܹݵأҲˡ
ƣҶȻһַ̧һ


235 ˮ³
ھҵزţƺұݺݲһ㣬һʱֻ͸𵴵ķ
һɫ֮б˳δؿΧ
ŮҲǸݽɫû˵һָһһűҵһسҶҵغ˹ˡ
һȻըѵķױҵмϬ׵ķкͷʸ
ڿսʺϵķǷһϵķŮҵķΪּ˷յķС
ҶǰȴܲͨˣҶƵƻ֮£ըѵʱͽеķ˿
ŮԼķȻӶıǰƿжʱЩˡ
ҶȻȭһգһ̤ĶٿػһߣȻ
Ȼ˿ѷɫԪķ衣
Ҷָſһ֮̽кȻԼɫʰ쵵Ĺ˸ŰӰεסˡ
ԪƴţҶָƺͬһȭ⣬ɽһεסԪ񣬲ãҲͷŲˡ
𶯣ҶȵֻҪҶһҾԪ˭Ȳ㣡
ڷԪ񣬶ʱͣ
ҶץԪ񣬻شӿ
Աߵһӵϣʮսһεˡ
渽˱ҵϢ֮еŮǻʧɫ
Ҷֻ͸ӣɫƽŲ˹ˡ
ߣҶͫ˸һâעſɫ԰׵ŮǺˣӣ˵⣬ҵڵⲪȻʥ֮Ҳһ
Ҫ֣Ҫ֣ûж⣡Ů̵شˮڵˣ
ûж⣿ΪʲôҪ͵͵ģҶЦһóһΣص͸ȥɣȥƽ̷䣡
ŮüëһŭˮڹͣȻҪÿַΣ
ٷϻҶָһһģεȴ쳣ӴԪƼ֮£ŮԪʱӲСһȦ֧֧ܵŤţҶȭؼѹһţݺ˷С
֮ȡҶȭ⣬̽һԪؽһţŮʱ˷ŭļ
Աߵڵͳ죬ˮһᶼհҲͣʵϿͼıˡ
סҶŹĹĵƤӣ˵ͷͽ̳ϴɡ

ͨɵĴ֮Уƽ֮еļĳ϶һá
ˮŴ˴еƽ̺ͼĳͳͳѾˣΪһ¶Ըħǵ顣
޽ǿ֮УһƬụ̂ȫסħ壬پǳȺӵײޣÿһʱǵħ͵ħһ嶼ͨħ񿪱ٵֱͨӽ޽֮пʼӶᣬŪ÷ԲڵϾƶ񤣬Ͼ
ħǺɵʮȻУ˴֮ȴһĵĹ涨ħħһȻӿٶʱͨǰǾħħħĵħ֣ͬģɵ֮еϵĵҲμӣֻŵӸɱ
ڶֵʱҲʹñϵķ
ľͷͶܹ֮ɽʵʵ̫ǿˣĸһͽ۹ʤܶ޽֮ɼ޴ƻ
ɵ֪ˡ
ԣ֮ʹôһĵĬ
ǰ֮λö䵽ӵͷϣ¸ɵŵʧĲأΨͨɵӪն񣬺ݺݵɵ档
˴ˮɵ˾ҪõӪѵš
ƽ᲻֪Сžţǻ򰵵ѯʣһֱ۲شŹ
ƽ̣ոӪĵӣѵ֮ץһϸִֻ˷仨ƵĿڴص
ֻƵĿڴͣعĶţжڷš
ץһϸƽȻһʱ¶ֵɫ
תͷһԱˮŵļλϣλ϶ʱ¶һ䲻Ȼɫ
ִӵֻΪȻ죬ݳԪտӪӪĵӸ˷׽
˵꣬һˮ͸ηȥڳɫȻ
ˮŵļλϿֻˮηʱɫʮΡ
ִӲЦһȻͨɵʮ֮һȦҲܹģܵƾСȥˣ
һɳӰָɣŪˮŵļɫѿ˼㡣ȴַá
ƽжʱһĨ֮ɫ΢΢ס
ִ漴ֵҪʾһƽ̣ǷҪԪȥǾ͵ش
Ա߼ˮų϶ʱɫ䣬һεؿһƽ̣ʵ㣬ҼСһƤ˴˵Ҫڹתתոûмʮа˾ǡ
ʮа˾ǹɵС˰ɣȻص
ˮɵĳһ仰Ҳ˵ˣɫεļҪطȥ
ˮɵӰˮղ޽кպģˮŷħŸɵĶյϸϢȴû뵽վȻͨɱһССŵӾ͸ˣжʱһɾ֮⡣
¾ô˰ɣˮŵλС˵ˣ츳ߣȴƤ֣޶⣬ȥҶ²ɵˣ°ɡ
ƽִ֮ӹ񣬷˷漴⿪˿ӡһɫĹз˳
֮ת֮ͻһδŮɫ԰ףһΧڳˣ̻ʧɫˡ


236 ֮
Ӳͷػ˻֣Ůȥ漴תȥ
һʱ䳡ˡ
ˮ³ϲɵڨЦǺǣƽ̣ſ˲żüãһͳӪĵӣȻͨ
㲻ʲôƽ̰˰֣Ȼ֪λСƤԣҲ޼ɵȥˣӰȷҲá
飬ˮŵļλǶûȥˣ׷ˡ
ħǴ֣ĳ̶ֳ˵ħǵħɵʮڵľͷµһѣɵŵĵӺЩħħӡ
ɵųȴӵ⡣ŵرû˿ңڵ˻ܹɣΨɵƾͺһˣɲɵĳϲӡ
ڽĵһֱŵӣΪ⼸κħǴԿʧ£ڲƴֵԣǸӹע洫ӣŵĵӶ⣬ŵĵһֱǼصݬ롣
ǶҵɵŶԣŵĵȴɵĻʯڣעصġ
ħսһ壬չŵʺۺ̵ʱһ۾ֳܹˡ
ƽ̶ӪĽǷǳġ
Ҷ̷˳˻صʱ򣬶ѦѾ˹
ӣѦ֡Ҷ΢΢һ漴赭д˸к׼ȥ
Ѧֵؿ
ΪѾ׾ٵؿҶѾͻħˡ
ʱɫû࣬ɫʵӪÿɺã
һжܺáҶɫƽص
ѦȻѦǰĳ⣬ɿǺˣ
ûûãȫҪƽ̵İţѦ֣ʲôôûеĻӻҪΡҶһ
ظػˣֱӾͶȥˡ
ϾѾһЩλˡ
ܰڲòһ䣬ԳȻѾƽ̸ǿйѺҲҪΪƽǿƫ̻㣬ӪҪһ֮սѦֲɫһ䡣
ҶЦɵ졣
Ѧɫһϣ漴ŭ΢΢˵ͷУȻȥɣѦҵ飬ٶ࿼ǿǺˡ
ȻЩģӪؼʱ̡ԳϰҶĻ˵ƽ̣λҲŹġ
ҶûмתͳԱӪ˹ȥ
Զ֮Ҷɫصһ
ٿˡҶЦһ

˴κݺˮŵ̷ܹ֮䷢׶ȣҶַҶ漴˼ڣ׼պп
պƻĺĵһƬ죬غĸۿеͣŸ̵ֻĴֻ
Ƭ½һ㣬һһģһʮô󣬵ڶ㶼ڿУߵһھŲպڿеһС
һҲֻеֹ̼ͻ׵ĵطڶʦʦΪܽģԴ֮£ĲҶܹǲĵط
ɽĺ֮Уͷӿӿʱʱؿɼһתı⻮նǸɵĸ֡
вٵĵ̣ȵȶǸ￪ĵ̣רųɵڡʥһķ
Ҷ֮󣬱ۻں滬У漸ͷ׵ޱ廨һţʱʱط˱
һ·ûа׽˽ʮͷóжޡ
Щ͵ĵ֮⣬ΧԵشвٰ̯ɢޡ
Ҹֵĸʥʥ˾붯˼ҲҪ˼һ
һд޸ĵǰſڴļʱʿ̾ӭ˹Ҷı»磬ʱ¶̰֮ɫٴοʵͨɵ˿Уʱ
Ϊ׵һ޵Цλͨɵĵˣ֪
Ҷ޸»׽˼ͷޣֵ֪Σ
޵ӱصλ֪޸޶ѱΪģƵҩ˵Ĺأƺķ̫ôǸһҩ
üǮˡҶ˵ͷŲƶǰˣ汻Ľʵʵ޶ǰһ
޵⼸ͷʼؼ
Ƭ֮޸ϰ˹ݸһž޵׽޶ûܵ˺ֻúõռɻָһɰÿͷһ򾧱㣬ܹʮ򾧱ңλǺñ£ԺܹչСǡ
ˡҶ˾ҿˡ
ʱѾĺˣպеһĽ׶ִ̼ٹˣͨĽ鱦ĲĽ÷ףַﴢܹڻܹѸٻָǲɶõ񾳸ֽ׵ĵطˣþԪ׶ѡ
һԪܹһһǧöҡ
ҶеľѡתţΧİ̯ӵĵطɢޣٻרң˵ܹײһ
ʶ֮еٻͿڵҶҺһöȥ
öʲôöҶʵ
Щڵ̯ɢ޼ʶǳÿֻ֪Щɵĵ̣иĳϸ
Ҷһ̯ӵǰͣס˽Ųϸ̯ϵĶ
̯һողΪʿ̯ڷŵĶһЩҩһЩ޵޹ǻһЩƵļªѣһʵصĶ̵Ҷע
һ߰볤ĵʵ޻ֻһССİ¶ѣ͸ˮطȴϬƥҶУһиһе⾳
Ҷʵ޻Ķ̵һ־һĸоо·̺һɿռ֮
ϸĦŷУֻڲԼԼһط䡣
ҿؿǼ񵽱ˣٻһشµǼñ֮УȻǱˣĴ󶼻úõġ
ǵԸʱרſ֮УٻҧгݵصվΪ壬渽˱иȵʮǿ͵ͨƥһն֮¾Ҫܵشַ֪֮ɱͬ
̯۾һҶ˿ѵʵ̨ǿʲôã˵ҵõ֮󣬼μɹԾõˡ


237 
ƻĺ͵Ĵдͷ׺İצ㺣ֻ޴Ĵ֮£Ӻų˹
ͷ׺İצ㲻֪˶ˣ²˰ɫİߵ㣬ֻڴ׳沼һȭͷ̡
Ҷ֮Уٻ˵ģȫԴԴع˵֮С
̶̵ĵתۼͱںɫˣīΧеĿռһӱֲָڰҹ
Ҷʶ֮ԼԼֳ˶׵ɫķ
漴һǣŨīĵ϶Ȼ³һĨɫƥһľһ㣬沼ľ
⵽ڹһ֮£ΧվȻʼҲ·߶ȡ֮С
ǧٵϬƥĺ漤䣬նи֧˿ʲôʯһиնУ̾ͱ˺ѵ֧飬ǲҲ̶á
꿦꣡ͷ׺ƥİצʮһ󴥱һӽʳƬݺڹ谭ؽ֮£һ¾ͽצնɱնʮ״
Ҷеͷ׺ƥİצ⵽ն֮Ȼ֧˿ѵѪʼ·ɢ
еһľݲƣƮƮɽУжһϢƬ֮ɽȴȻɽʯѳƬ
ʵϬƥ
ϾȻűиĺߺۼ
и𡭡ҲⷨˡҶ˻صһ漴µҡҡͷ̵̧
˶˵鵶ˮˮ֮и֮󣬾Ȼںϱסиĺۼ˵֮еѾ׻ķ룬Ѿ漰˿ռ֮ˡ
ҶȻеȫ΢΢һ飬˶ʱ͵³һ¡
֮ʱ򣬳ȡҲǼӴģոһٹҵش߶֮£ڵһ˲ͱȡ˼֮æóһƿܹ˲ҩˮһھ͹ȥǿȹסڻҵ
ٻڿңҶŭһڿסΡ
Ҳǿ㣬ڶ㣬ٺ١ٻЦصøϽľ磬ʹ˵ת磬ʱ𾳵ĸҲĶ֣
Ҷݺݰһۡ
ٻʲôãΨһĳë̫ǿˣҶʥΪһֱڻ
뵱𾳵ΪΪ۷巨ླĸֶ˵һίڸ˵ֻʥΪҶˡ
뷨е쳣ıһлͻҶԣ
ٻ͵Ć£Ҷеޱȵơ
ԼѾڷܵˣÿ£ٻͷ߆룬ʤȴֲҵͷ
Ͼ˵ϻϹͨأҶǰ;ɼصӰ졣
쵰ѵʲô򲻴
ҶЦֹһƿ˲ҩˮ쳤̾Ϣһ
һ˵Ԫͻͨ棬Ǹڡ
ԪߣһˣôͿֱʥΪߣǰļתޣûǰļ䣬ô֮ͬӵӴԪ֮ʳɫȴ°빦
ԪȴһصıײǾ׽ٵʱΪǿ󣬲Ԫز㣬ᵼºѼ̣ױ׽ٴûɢǵ淨ླΪԪ㣬ͻơ
ԪΪҪͻƷླȴǧѡླ漰Ԫ棬漰ǿ
ǲͬȻ˲ܹתΪʮֵǿԴԴֻҪܹ׻ħ֮󣬳ɾ֮ͨͻƷླ׵öˣǿھԪԴԴͨҲ°빦ʮֵ硣
Ҷھ˵ᣬͻʥ֮Ϊһǧֻ˽𵤾磬ͿԳɾͳ׵𣬶ɹ˾ħ֮󣬾Ƕ
Ҳħ٣һһصͻƿ
λõԶԶƺе
ǰĿҶ֣ԶȻһе
Ҷתͷˣһӽýƺ׷ų˹
ף۹ôǣ
ҶһȺӢˬŮΪ׵ĲǱˣֻĹµۡ
Ȼ㣬Ҷ֡ס˺װ˦˦Щҵķ˿
Ҷ˵ƺ׶Щή֮ɫ漴һµۡ
ҵŴ¥СˣҲͲµһŮǶͣ档
лˡ۽ӹҶݹˮ͵ҩ׼ҪɽĻĹȥ֪Ҷأ
ҶνصңҲµպתתѣ˵ɽ˵ʱħ֣
ţǰħ֮⣬ﻹвٵĵħֳû۵˵ͷҶ֣ûʲôĻǾһȥɣ˺ô߷ֳΣ
Ҷħսڼеĺֵ֪ܸʤ㡣ħսѾħսˣħıʮ֪ڵħıԺս̫˽⣬һûˡ
ʦ㡭۱һŮ
ûϵҶһԾŶġȥɽΣա۽ЦЦ˵ˣҶֵҲῴǵˡ
߰ɡҶ۵ת˸ͷ·


238 ڤԪһ
صƺû˴·һǺҵλõġ
Ͽ쳣Ũ
Ҷ۾зһߵ⣬Զص
صˣϿ֮е֮ڣŤĲ˸ݣЩϵϿħʹѰ֮
ϰСľļʢ
һȡҶֹ̧۵ˡ
ôˣҶ֡һ㶡
Ҷ漴γذڹľһһᣬһֻ˶Ѫɫ¶˳
ֻ׺ĴذƴŤźںȻ׺Ťͷ˺ҧذסԱŮ޲
⵺ϻвٵΣաҶСˣ漴ȡһֻСŮѥӺͼͷ϶һЩŨǴ̱ǵϢ֮мϢŮɵüͷ
һ˼Ͽ֮ȥˣҶð׹ѪƵۻƾ۵Чѣһ·ϲݴ֮з˻֮ڵĶֻҪᵽζ֮ٴһ㣬Ҵڣܵñӻ졣
ԽƬľֺǰһ峺ϪӶ԰ȴһƬ߰ĵͰéݺһȺεͰԳĹªӪڷ֨֨۵عֽ
ЩСħ쳣Сֻ߶ߣؽ֮еħͽ׵İħӵеͽ׵ǻۣܹʹһЩªС½ȴҲѷɫѰˣڴ֮ԾɣʮֵĴ
ͷħֽһһԾ£ͬʱ˰˵ӰҶ
Ҷִг˳ǹˣһǹӰһȷһͷħʺ
ҶǹͷƵģǹⲢر඼˾ݣԶ۵ǹ£һǹ̳ľ޴֮£ؽͷħĲ
ȻٶȰγֱޣչһƬ񱩵ıӰ
飡ͷħը˹ѵΪܲסɾ޴Ĵͬʱ˰Ѫ
ͷҶĸֱһִݵı޺ۣҲ˸ոͬĺ󳾡
죬ͷħһԵص˵ϣû˿Ϣ
ҶȻ˿һһǣȭӡȵ߾
һεɢ˿ʮͷΧŮħǶʱ۾ֱҡҡλΣͨͨĽһ㣬ϡﻩϵ
춯֣ЩħԴҶһ漴һͽǰļͷħԴ
ŮһĹҲ׷׻Ӷų৽ϵħնɱڵء
һĿҫ۵Ĺ֮գ׼ŭħ֮лڶһĺӰ֮д硣
ЩħԵؽĺ֮һĻúеͽ׵ħ壬˵ǵħһϮļūȻλΪūЩħȴЩǿ׳ĵħͷԣЩħĴѷɫ壬Ҷһ·˲ټªС壬ǳЩħ֮ˡ
Խ˰ħЩªé֮Ҷ𲽿ɽȵǰѪȵһ档
Ѫ֮ɺѪⲻͣطţа׹Ǵ֮и˳֮Ѫ֮¾Ȼû˿ĸü󣬲ʱعĶһѪɫݡ
ʱʱطһɫ磬֮ԼţĲҽֻһͶѪ֮кЩ̾ͱȥתۼûϢѪ̶һӣȻΧħһӵϣʳʵѪ
Ů̲סס˱ӣ¶Żıˣ۵Ҳ¶ı
ҶɫȴЩѪ֮ȻѪ׹Ƿӿȴûаָܶζ֮һϢȻѾôסˣסʡ
ħһû壬ȴӵǿྫͽթգħһǡǡ෴һȴǿһǿǶȴûжǻۣͽ׵ĵħһԳ֮鳤ǻ۶ˡ
ȴͲͬˣۼʶħۼǿȴħȴһֱǿ߱ضħѹƵġ
ЩСħȻƿ£ǶбڵȴȫãҶġЩħĴɱ
Ȼ츳ʸ߼˵壬Ҳǿ߱ҲؾħħʾͷҪȻĻͱ峤ؾĸָˡ
ÿһͷħҪѷȺɴѪ֮
֮ħӰֻɢһȻĵϢһɹаԹϢڿ˿
ħܲöԸˡɫ΢䣬漴ȡһͩӴСƹγΣ沼ϸ΢ľģ˾֮ľɢ˵Ľ⣬סķƾΧСħγײҲײ
ԱļŮҲ׷ȡһ飬˾ϣȻÿһȭͷ۵Ľ壬Ӵײ֮£ΧСħ촷ۡ
ħһոշܳʱҲǱȽСģвͻѣСħҲֻһЩѡֻǿħܹݻȻֱʶ֮С
ۿһȫҶ漴ݸһ顣
òšҶػ˻֡
һ˼ڲ̽ȥˣڲǰħǿǰħӰѾʵ״ˡŮӻ⣬ײĲѡ
Ҷһȭ棬üƺԼкڰ׶ת֮£ΧħڸոտҶʮɵķΧڣ·ײһճĽˮ֮һ㣬Ѹٴſкһȭһ֮£ӵϵħǣʱ׷ױ˿
ħȻѸپۼűһ㣬һһƣŸСг˾ŹͼΡ
˵еľŷħ󡣡ҶɫصؿǰħӰص
ħѪħҲѪ
ҡҶĿ⾼⼸ûͷӬһֵ̿Ůӡ
ҶһһǰȥĬĬתȭ⣬Ȼ䣬ȭͷϵѪ쳣ִƤѪһ㣬ȻȭңңħӰһ
ԣ
ŮֻһɫĹȭͷϼ״һţһȦһȦɫĻ档
Ҷһȭ⣬̺˼䱩ҵ⾳ħӰľûҶͬεȭǣֻҪմȭ⣬̾ͻᱻ顣
ӳ˹ȥһֱħӰ֮С
֮ħӰܵӦһ㣬һɳҵĺѸɢ˿ú˸żΣյϢ


239 ڤԪ󣨶
Ҷͺһָ׼Щħǣһ󣬿дըѵ
Ȼ䣬ռ֮кһ֮ΧħӰ׷ױҵĻ𵴵֧顣
֮ǧħӰҽС
ոͷųȭ⣬ҡͷ̾ǰ˵ɾȭ֮Ϊǿʶѣû뵽һҶֵȭ⾹Ȼй֮޲ΪֻǸոȭѣû뵽㾹Ȼܹεȭõ˳뻯
ˣֻǶԸЩħЧѡҶ赭дػشһ䣺ǰֻڳֵʱ򣬲ܹ߶ȭ⣬Ҳǲ֮󣬲ǿĥȭⲻȭ߶շĵز
𣡡ӭȻ˴ڳɳһһɫĳɳ˿Уʼ
תۼ䣬һɳͺϱһţ޴ħӰֿ˴죬¸¹Цš
쬣쬣쬣ЩֲڵɳͣŤۣתۼ۳һ˫δִĹߡ
һ߸¸¹Цţ˷ҵؼѹ˹Ϲ⻪˸
ˣˣŮЩ£ƴؿʼҡеĽ壬һźݺײЩߵϡ
Щ֮ܵ󣬾ȻֻڿгٻһЩ漴˶ϡ
ৣְγҶ͵ħϲһϵͻȻֱ˸¼ˣܹħа
Ϻɫĵ֮м磬ݺݵزɳǽ棬ʶ֮£ʳһһǿһǡ
໣ӭһ߱һɢĲҽһɳɢ˿
Щȴնϣ˲˰֡
ѾȻˣʵʵĽεɱˣ
ãһͷѾһصСħҶɫɵؽе
ɫɳ֮ٿȻЦˣɳ֮УһֲɳҶ͵ϯ˹
Ǵ֣ȵ׺
ҶһһŲƵŮǰͷɱ˵ħǰ
Ҷ˫׳չҵһһ𣬿зƳХһһ纣˱ӿİɫ˸һɲ˰ȭⱼӿ
кҶϺȻȻһȦȦˮӭʮͷħɵߣδʮɣɺȭһѹ֮£Ȼٶ˿С
⼸ͷħ۶ɵɳصڵˣת֮䣬⼸ͷħֻʣһ㱡ĻƳˡ
Ҷһһ˲ͻһӰ嵽⼸ͷħǰһȣƣ
һ޺һľһ͵ײͷĴħ˸ţһ·𱻵ͷһ㣬𵴵֧顣
Բʮ߶߱һ޺֮£ζɫ¶˹ѵĺۼȻ׷ҵر˿ɢһһĳ
ħתۼٴλԭһźֽ֮쬵һ˵ص֮С
ҶЩħΪʲô۳ߵģԱߵЩطʵ
ܼ򵥣ЩħѾˣҲ˵ȺħһЩϵܹͨΡҶšһüͷ֮УϵΪ̵ģеĽƲЩħûߡ
Ǹô죿۲ʵ
İɣСħȻһΪʵϻǱȲ񾳵ĸ֣Щߵʵǲ̫ǿǲ̫ĻһܹӦˡ
Сħ֮ܳΪСħʵ൱һأΪӵвһǻۡ
ħһֱ޵֮УǽթȻ󡢻ҵĴʣʵȴˡ
ħһܹ񣬱֮ľǿ󣬵ͬģһӵ޷ƵǿһҵħѰħڳԱ֮󣬴ΪԶʶѣһµħһħһǿַʽȺġ
ħһܹܹסɢǿħ̤˳ɹĵһ
ǰͷСħħһеٮٮߣħһţƺ֮ͨͨеͨѾǿƾտˡ
ҶΪ֮ȵǣͷСħ˼ܣõ⴦Ѩܿó
ɫӰȻԶɶص˵ϡ˴ĳɳˡ
⼸ͷħԵʮֽ׳ۼѾѷɫ쾳ˡ
Ҷɫǵͷϣŵĺ֮мŵħӰ
ħ塣Ҷ΢΢˺⡣
໣ͷѾ˵İħһиֹ˶£޲ý˲ָʮ顣
ڼ̱ӵһɲǣͷħϣȴǺȻ¶һ˿թɫϺȻһɺƣһֻ˶ޱȵĹͷſܲѪڣҶ͵ҧ˹
ֻ֪ħû˶ޱȵĹͷոշҶߣ̾͸о˱һεĽȦסˡ
Ҷȭһ㣬󿪴ϵĶ֮Уּϸĸ񵲡ж֮ĵʽʹСħҰĿ칥á
Ҷ˱书ֱӽˮˡ
ټҶűצзĹټ쳣ǿֻץӰķͷħС
СħȻħʶ֮УҶȭѾ۷״̬ˣԼεزһͭǽڣСħս֮зһȻһӴҶ֮ţ뺣һ㣬˲仯ĸɸɾʧ˲١


240 ڤԪ
ͷСħܻɱȻѾҶƵģӲ
ͷСħԾͲٺķѾȥҶˣֻһ˼طɱѡ
ԣҶνŲƣֺȻһ޹ǣֱţĴָʳָָϳ˺֮ΣͷСħؿһǡ
ۣСħҺһλöʱһѪûеĹҶ漴ĺһֱָĺϣһѪ
Ҷսܶ񶾣ÿһвԣҪҪһҪµ˿˿ѺۿϸСսң˿ڽر˺˿ѪʵҲֱ࣬۵ͷСħֽ֨֨Уȴʵڴ򲻹Ҷ
ҶһǾָצףָ֮ں˴ǹĴ֮
һԣ̤ӯ貽һߣһֳűɫĶ̽һֳֳ޻衣
еĶ̽Ҳأֻһ߰볤ǽȴǿ࣬Ȼ̸ףЧǲкǹ֮жȭеʽ
ΧžžǱӰ鶯Ტãƶǡ
ࣵһ죬ͷСħİħҶָһ׾ٵضͷԣԽ˳
Сħһͣ·һŽˮ֮һ㣬Լ˼ά쳣ٶ
ƣҶ漴ԣ͵ܿһţһҵسХ
һεȴ쳣ӿ۳һ緢ƣһ㣬ݺݵعᴩͷСħڡ
ı֮£СħʱһĲҽУʱһ𵴵֧鿪
࣬ͬھСħȻһơ
Сħһ֮£ʱһźɫǣԶ˹ȥ
޳һ˶󳡵֮Уһһִƥĵ顣
Բγ֮Уܹǧٸÿһ׳ĵɢżǿҵĴԣгżơ
мλãӯһֻɫԺɫӡӡһһ״
һӡΧżǿҵĴҶеıЩˡ
¸¸£࣬ǵڤԪŴɣСħؼЦȴǲسķ˹ȥ
ãмˣҶٿȻû˵תͳʹ˳ȥ
ʱȴΪʱСħ֮ѩһ㣬תۼͱڤԪŴ֮еԪ֮ڻˣɸɾ
̣̣̣ڤԪŴ֮У·һˮǿҵ㣬ǿҵĴżΧһܼ˿ĵڿ硣
һһӿȵ֮סҶ˷·ɶͶһ㣬ĳ˹ȥ
һ֮УǣĴҶ˳ĵߵȥϴ
ġҶһҧٻ
ʶ֮͵شٻ͵ŭҪҼС˵ҪӰСҲܼ
Ҹô죿Ҷŭ
ٻʹе׳գҲñˣԣȭ߶ĴϿ
֮Уʮа˾Ŷᱻ̺˺ѹһӡ
ҶҶȻһͷڣһɿçѪǾ
ѪǾȻһ㡣
ȻһתĦ֮£֮кȻһ޴ģεĹ֣֮кڰ׶ɫڷת
ؼʱ̣Ҷһˣԭˣ书ȭͼʵӦó֮Ϊֻͨͨǣѹ˼ŷ
Ҷ֮ȻһһȻңʼͣת
ḥ̂
಻ϵز֮ͣ£ԲϾĹֻȫΧٵڤʱҲˡ
Ҷ͸ԼγɵĻ֣ΧһγɵĲǧ˿Ƶӿͣ˺ҧԼ
ЩһԼ֮̾ͱһһĥ˿
Ҷι棬ǰƽš
ϵλȴǷһöƴСԲϾĴӡӡ渽ŦһһΡ
УһŰ͸κȻӡϼХس˫ſָ΢΢һץ֮£Ҷٸһ쳣ȫȫļʹ
ߣɵСҪпŴ㻹κεңҶЦһƾⷽӡϵ̽ħץݺݵץԼ֡
ֻħץȻǺץԼĻ֣ԼҲ͸ȥ
Ҷ̧һ͵ذסŵڤԪӡöԪӡʼתƾη޷ѡ
λλõڤԪűҶһ֮£ȻͣסתΧڤԪʱ׷ͣת
ķڴ˵ѾҪˣϧһֱ˼ȴǼȡ˲ٵĵɷʹӵһ˿ħԡҶ̾
ߺߣƨʶ֮еٻһûΧһȦڤԪôСȫΧĵڤԪϵĴܷӳڤԪҲ֪˼ˣһʵֻƷıѡ
شӡҶָ΢΢һץһźڰȻ˿˿Ƶŷˡ
ҶȭĲȻһʶʱһһĥ˸ɾ
ࣣһըѰһŵӰƮ˳˫ؿҶͷԵģ
Ҷ̧һָһλԲѪѾӡͷϣһסֻ飬ԭģӽ
ӡշûǷڤӡ֮УΧӿĴǣ֮¾
Χ˼ĵڤʱؼʱָԭе


241 ˫뷢
ҶָһѪ鵯ڤԪӡ֮к󣬵ڤӡȻ֮ˡ
ΧĵڤԪҲͣɢԪ֮
ϵĺöٻವһ´Ҷ˳չֳ˶һ֮£ЩԪ
ٻͣʳˡҶѵش֧ݺƳһۣҡͷЩڤԪòûʲôЧɣ
׳գٻͰһ۵㶮ƨֵڤԪŴһú֮󣬾ĲĸҲǶ֣
Ҷҡҡͷ漴ڵĵطƮ˹ȥ
Ҷʦ֣ôˣԶԶأۿҶ֮漴
Ǻǣû£أһҶЦеӡ
ոصһ̣ҶȻýӲˣ֮з˳Ͽˡ
ۺһɱݵŮǶϲʤظ˹
ҶȻƾΪӲ˵ڤԪŴ󣬶һʵΪһƣħ֮ѾǴѶ
Ҷ磬㻹ðɡۿصģʧɫæʵ
ҡ̫áҶ彩Ӳʯɤӣ˻е
һԵĸоʼľ֮ѣоԼľ罥ؽӲҲ쳣ļˣ·һʪһ㡣쳣ܡ
ġҵ١ڤԪӡˡҶⷽڤԪӡԼ֮з·סһ㡣
Ҫڴڵĺȴһ˿Ϣĸоشȫ¡
һȿ־ϢоԼľ֮˳һɽһ㣬ѹͷˡ
Ҷɲң֮Ѿ˲֪ٴαԵգÿһεնθ
Ҫͷǲģһңȫһж군
оԼƤ·Ĩһհ㣬һɹɻԼ¶ӡסˣһŨŨϢдˡ
Ϣо֮£ʶ漴Ҳʼģ
ΨʶȻš
֮̽󣬳˽֮⣬ڵѾʮǿˣҲѾ͸
ƴҪſȴƫƫһҲ
ʱ˿̣Ѿǵ˱Ĺͷʱ̣ҶѾģľ֮һԼͷͣơ
عһս⣬ȫԸؼλ֮С
ٶؼǧٱ
ѪǱ֮£ĺë׷۵ˮǳֳ罦״Ƶʽ֮£Ѿױըһë֮Уͬˮůӽⶳһ㣬ǧ˿Ƶ˳ȫеĺëӿԼ֮УϸһʱϢٻ֮ʱ߽˿
΢õɻƥ֮£ʼѸٵⱼӿʼอ֮УһһػŶľ֮١
𡢽ˮˮľľ
ռϷԪ磬ƾǧë͵תһɹɻѸٿʼΪĿ꣬ɢأ֮е;Ѿ׳ɢ˿
ޱȳҵѪһڵĺ¯һ㣬ľ羡ڻ֮еؿʼָת
ڵļҪ֮Уش˳ӱӿһˡ
ԭľ类֮вĻһͻ֮£ڻ˿
д˳ҵݺݵڻ˾֮еĶڰ֮󣬸ΡƢΡҲʼתڵĴС翪ʼѸɢء
Ҷ͵ſ˿ڣһʿҵ˳Բʮڷ·쫷Хһ㣬ĴķɳʯҶ衣
ΧػŮ޲Ŀɿڴ
ѵʵԱߵڶŮ૵ص
۾֮ԱߵĿתؿԼһԵļݵŮɢķֽš
ġոյһľ٣ͰҸˡҶشһɹɴ
ôʱüͷ
ҶЦʥʥ˵Ľһģʥ֮ħ˵Ҫ
ħٲͬ׽٣׽ȻҲᱻʱͬҲԽҩӡӳ٣ħپͲͬˣ˵û˿ףһͻɥʧеս˵Ѱʦˣһ߰СҲܽɱˡ
ҪվĵڣȻоüλٴһ˺Ѱľʹ

Ϻλͬʱ˻ʹ
֮УһĻˡ
ģôģôŪֵز١ȻҲʼˣҶͣ˺ؿڣǰδеʹʹһȫ¶޷ݵʹˣ
ʱپȻҲ˿Ҫλ˼˵ʹڿʼŰ
Ҷ۰沼һѪ˿ֲޱȣ˻Ųϱһ˵ϣֳǵʹĥһ˺ѷεĲ
ϡ筹Ŀռ֮УĦ֮£ȻȭͷĻ棬ȼյĆ졣
ҶϸѪţλ֮У·̲ǧֻϲͣץӣһʱٵȾʹĸо̲סҪ˻ܡ
ٷ֮ҶԵظоԼʶø峺͸¶֮Ϣڣһ˵ˬ͸Ĺ᳹ȫ
ڵĿռ䱻ٻһ֮£չʹ˲٣о˸ݡ
Ҷ磬㻹ðɣԱߵ۽ŵʵ
ãʣħˡҾ͸ͻˡҶؿڴЦһվ


242 
֮ҶȫĴˣ̱ڵҲá
ĲҲȥһ飬ֻʣħˡ
ֻҪħ٣Լ͵һ죬ɾ񾳵洫ӣ
صϵĲħһṩҲջķᣬ⼸ͷħϣѾ˴󲿷ֵĵؽħսʵ
֮ɱӪһ֮֯Ҷظоһ죬֯ͻܹɵóԼеʱҲûǲӪ
Ҷӻ˯֮ѹʱѾʦǽﶼɨ˸ɾ
ӪǰѻСɽһѶͷħʵղ˲ٵľԪвɽȻմȾ˲ٵħɷûȥԴʥˮϴϼ֮󣬾һƷˣЩһͬǰЩŮÿ˶̯һºһɽ
̤Ƭϵɢ޶٣һⲻǱͷСħǱڤԪ֮лˣܶ෨ϵķӡԪ֮ƻˡ
ۣڤԪŴ󣬶ӪúܴҾˣģݵŰɡҶ˻еĲԺɫĴӡǰһѵĶ
ɲУ˵˴ҲȫǿҶֵİæǼûгڤԪӡҲԼõģʵںܲƽģεջǷ֮һ͹ˡҡҡͷֵ
һҪ֮һɡҶЦЦصǿֻȥ˵Ҳòˡ
ҲˣЦȻˣСþͶлҶˡ
۶Ů˶̯һɽһıºɱһֻνջķᡣ
ҶϵˣѾǶѻɽˣӪ֮е޺Ƕ̯˼
һ£һδ񾳵𰤹ѰڣҲոնɹ׽٣ֻҪͦ׽٣ҲᲽ񾳡
ҶһŮ˵˵ЦЦ߳Ƭкͬʱ֮кͷɺ״޴ĳ쳣ҵ쭷
޴ѩ׻ĺװ棬ӯһ۵ӡ
һأŲӣͳֱֱ˹
üĿ㣬֮УȴִһɷǵϢ
Ȼ˲֮ңΪҲܸߡ
ҶԵظоˣǰΪѾǶɹصħٵ𣬺ԼѾǲˡ
ɫ棬ý˿ߴһ״ı־
Ϊ鳤Ϊ֮ԴΪ־ȡԢΪѹͳŷ֮⣬ɵʮڵһ־
һǼȱøеģʵֻɶĵҲǼȵȱøУĵɵһᶼǼȵŰ裬澭ͱŵرǳе顣
ɵһŵɵҲֻܹ˽۶ѣҰڵ̨˵
Ӹոصһ̣ҶԵظоɫ
ӿԵҶʱ¶һ˿֮ɫ漴һ˿֮ɫȻΪҶԸв
ӻ˹¶һзȵЦݣۣһҡ
ԱߵҶһ㼦Ƥ
صӣôҲܵˣϴǰɺϡҶ֣λɵӣӣλҶͨɵʦ֡
Ҷǰˡ
ŻƳҶһۣвһ˿м֮ɫ
ͨɺŴ·ͳӵס
ĿҲûлֻתͷۣôΣյĵط֪ΪѾԲ磬ֻǷȱۣα˲أΪ׼һݡ
˵꣬һУȡһ̴ֻľӣһɵҩɢ˳һɳҵ֮
ҶԵظоˣóҩһ̣۵ļҪ±ˮˣƺŷ籩һ㡣
һԣ꼰㡣
⼸յĽӴ֮ҶѾף۵ǸڸյӣƽտΪ񣬵ʵϹȴһɲжָңһԤУӿҪԱŸˡ
ص԰ǼҲƴô
һЦ˵ﻰֻǵյأЩΣհˣޱ˼
ңǺǺǡ۷·һЦһ㣬Цüֱˣۿǹ׽ٵΪȥ֮Ҫͻ񾳣λҶָǼͻ񾳵书֣λŵʦҲʥصΪʵҲĻϻзɽ˵װȻ˵ңӣôƲҵΪô˵ҵķô˵ôƲǵݵͨô
ҶвЦ
Ǹ׽ӵܣԴ󣬹ƨͨò߱
۵ǰȻ˷ЦƲ
ʲôˣݵɢ޳ȴҲɢ֮ٮٮߣӰʮŵж̶̼ͰŵӣŵоӢеľӢͻ񾳵ľӢͿ͸ӵһмĻˡЬ䣬ܵõϻŮӵ
ʱɫΣû뵽Լ˵ƨȴ棬ǰһ˵ﻰֻǡ
ӣ㱣أȻͻƲƿҲֲʩң˪Цһ컨УֻǶҶͼλʦõҶ֣λʦãȻȥɡ
ҶһЦõģۡ
תһˮز̤˺װ棬˺ױһƵ
һ˳۶ֳڣɫ̾ˣ˲ŤһţݺݵؿҶ


243 
۴֮£֮˼ͷ޴ɺף񿥻ëɫϣԶԶѷɫλӵ
ۺɵصϺװݺ׷
ʼգûпһۡ
Ҷǻرһ̲޵ķ볰Ū
ҶҶͨɵҶԭļһһԶȥӰнһ˿֮⡣
Цһгһźɫķңңһ֮£һƺɢȥˡ

һ˵ƺףֱ
ݵƺ׶ֻ͸۵ĺѷģͨɵĶ֣һұ޷ֵ꣬ʮа˾ŻᱻΪͨɵˣһͻ˺ܶ鷳ˡ
Ҷʱ˿̣ڿĺװ棬ϸԼлõǷͼ
ڵڤԪ֮УѾˣͼʮа˾̲ͨ
쾳ʱֻǴһӡ̾ĵиӾ滹иͨ
ѧʶϸȥͼɽ𢣬ǿתȻǴ̲İ
ÿһ̲һϵͨ
ţҲֻдԼͻ֮ɡҶͼ¾ԼС
ͷϱֱسһɹɳľ׺һֱͨʣ
ɾγ˰һеͼ֮УԼкˮһ𡢳ɽ롢ƺǳʱʱ֣Ϊ֮ᡣ
ԴӲ𾳽֮ҶÿȭʱʱתΪʱʱȫͷеѡ
֮ͨҲвٹڲ侳֮ԾȻѹƶԷĵҶռһĵ飬ϸȭѹƶ֣ͼԼȭ֮С
𾳽絽ͻ񾳣һḶ֪́ĵΪ޷ɹħٶ䣬ֻҪͻعؿڣ񾳡
ҪôͻƣҪô䣬ûеѡ񣬸ûһ˵
ľ磬ؼҪһǿַˣܹ״߶Ѫǣһٳ忪񾳡
Ҷڲ侳ÿȺͣȭȭ߶ս鶯Ѫǣ̼ѨʹԼǱ˼޵״̬ÿճ̥ѪѪǹ֮⣬ÿͲٽʳǶҪõҩ
˴׬ı㹻õĵҩˡ
ҶҪͻͨҪԼƥһԼܹͻͨؾ֮ӵиǿķ
ٻ͵ҶѾǿ˼ޣŰʱͻħ٣ܹͻˡ
ڳͬʱҲҪϸµ˽Ҫȵ˵ɡҶüĵڲŸչʮֵѪΪʢĽ׶ΣǸȣóȻͻ񾳣ڵľԪĹأ˺֢ԽΪ䲻ġ
ٻ͵ͷ벻㾹Ȼܹ˳סţٵȵҲãҲĥ󿳲񹤡
תͷһԱߵۣصС椶Щ˼Ŷ
ҶƲƲ죬֮󣬽Ѫεķ֮ҪľͲǶˣעɢħǷŵĿԲڣǵҵ徲Ϊ֮ķԶԶȲ˫
ǿ־ܹѹһħܹɢһħ־ħҲʢ
ܹ˵ĵ·򣬿϶˲ͨؾ洫ӣͨڵ洫໥˫Ҳǳе顣
۾˼ôҲ˵ѾɴҶüĵҿóǿ󣬾κŮܹ֮ҵ˵ģҲԵܹסģ飬ֻܹԵˡ
˵Ҳˡٻصʵ֮ҲͲù˼Ů֮ˡ
ףǹݵķԼҲԼľ񸯻䣬Ů֮ȻͷħͬҲ˵Զ䣬޵û˱û˵ҩûΪһûɾֻ¾ҪûнˡҶصٻͣ㲻ΪҴᣬԼԼĶľԲʲôֹǰ
ٻͶʱˡ
ҶȻо˿Լħ
ʮͷ˶ޱȵƺ׺Ȼ˾ֵرˡ
ʮͷƺ׷·Ļǰ㣬ƵĴų
ҪңҶһ̤Ȼս˼ٵ˼Ůӵǰſڷһҵ
𣡡޴̺֮˽ħΧӿħѩһ㣬Ѹٱɢ˿
ڵһֻŰСͷ­ˣſھҧ˹
죡ҿЩȥҶе
ֽ˼ħӲؽΧħ𱬴ɢ˿ˡ
ʮͷɺЩħ֮£ŤŤشӿнЩһͷԵ˵֮ˡ
ͷһƬյĺƣ˹֮ҹ桢޶ħֱֳ֣Ҫ˻˺һ㡣
𣡡֮кȻһ
һִƥĺɫȻŮǰ
ɢֳ֮һθߴħħ֣ıۣͷȴһ״зŮŮ²˰ɫƬˣ˫Ŀ˸쳣Ĺâ
°ûȣһƬ״˰Ƭıǿϣ³ϸСĻ档
Ҷͫͷħֵһѩ䵶ϲ˾ݣ紵֮󣬷˵͵͵Хˡ
Ҷã񡭡۲
һͷħѾʥˡҶ۾ɫ쳣أ
ҶЦ㲻Щ̫ոߣͷħˣû´Ļһս֮ͻվӢ۾ˡ
ɫٿȻ䣬漴ŭȻô޳ܣ
õģҶḧһ±ϵƺףȻһ̧֣ȭңңһ
֮һ޴ĹӦֶԻ˲ƣֱħӰ֮С


244 ƽ
ɫĹƿռ仮˹ɢɫĺ⣬·һ㣬ջ֮ΧħӰ׷׽飬Ȼ󳹵ױɢ˿
ᣡкȻһϢϢ𵴵ķɻĵ⳯
Ҷ˼ջȭһڵӡ˳ڰ׶תһӴĴݺݵס⡣
ֱħҵŤ·𱻸ס˵Ķһ㣬ڿкŤ
Ҷڿһָһ죬ݺ̧סħ֮תȭعס˵棬ֻҶ˫ȴֻɫף沼ϸСƬĽûϸһۡ
ħָ䲻ͣƺһ㣬ȴ类סߴĶһ㣬ƾ޷Ҷ˫֡
Ҷ֮кȻ˺ڰ⣬һӴȭڽϡ
Ҷһƺ˫һϽ棬һ޺𣺡ƣ
ˣˣŤħͬʱҵزһ𣬶ʱһķը˿
ħͬ˼Ķһ㣬ֹͣ
Ѵ֮ھƷˣٺ٣Ҷ̧ħ
ǰͷħӦԼ޵ħգʱ˼ŭĹֽ
ΧһһħӰʱ֣ǵصسҶɱ˹
Χɱһɫ֮һͣͣ·һ㣬Ȼɫ쵵Ĺ⻪һ֮£̾ͱ𵴳Ƭһɫ⣬Ӱͬˮѩһ㣬Ȼڻת֮пʼڻ
ʱ˿̣ͷħҲѧþתΧ֣֮ʼҶζ
ҶͷϼˣеٻͣǲǸˣ
׳գ㻹ûȫӳȭʶ֮еٻһԲڵĿռ䶼ȭ֮£
ţҵȭ⻹ûзſҶʱһ
Ҷжʱӿһƿصˣ͵ǰ̤һ˫΢΢ſˡ
һۻƴȭⱼӿԲڵ·סһ㣬ͷħζסˡ
߸Ҷǰ̤һ˷·˲һ㣬˲Ϣ̤֮ͷħǰһȭʵʵصؿϡ
ͷħһҶһȭ֮£Ӵƥתۼķ˿
ʣͷħҶȻ˵ƣʱԼħҲҪˣһ֮Զɱȥˡ
Զĵ֮У¶۵Ӱɫ԰׵ؿ
߰ɡҶһѺˮƵ

ͷħ֮Ҷ漴صպ֮С
ϵ˺֮еһЩ̼ңԼ˴λõ෨ˣȫ˾Ԫ
ϵеĻﾡ˸ɾ֮漴ص˱ݵϣҶ漴ͳصͨȥ
һص֮ʵ֣Ҷûо£ʵϣΪѾǿе˲ܹʥ⼸յħȴˡ
˴ѾˣذϽٺֻؽ֮󣬳ɾ񾳣Ȼܹ⡣
ͨɵ֮еլԺڡ
Ҷһֻʯĺ«ҡţ˵ˮ
˺«ӣһһεؽҺԼͷ棬ɽɫҺԼѨ֮С
Ӱ֮ħ֮ҲмȡǿķţǻһȴԴǿԼʶ֮Уôͻᱻ޾Ϯţջᵼس׷Ѷ
ֱܹ̲ģ֮
֮֮УзΪɱ¾Ըɱ¾֮Ƕ񶾣ɱǿǴ󲹣ǽ֮䡣
Ҷȴеȡķž飬Щ̺޾ɱ¾ĺɫ֮һ֮£ɱ¾ϰһӵϣתۼͽЩʶ˸ɾֻΪԴ֮
ƾȭ̺֮תķŽǳ״飬̵ȭ⽫ЩĻƬͬԼľ
Ҷڷ֮󣬾ֱȥһոһ֮
Ҷͷһ峺ɫԴԴӿ룬оһɹӴ봿ľӿͷԿʼЩ΢΢طˣæתЩӿľԼȫʮڡ
ʱ˿̣ȫʮѨȻ
òҵİϽҪ˰ɣҶϲæȶ
ϧǣİֻ΢΢һ֮£漴ƽϢ
ʧѡ
Ҷε̾˿ȶָţָһصĪ⣬֮ȴһȦɫ֣ħӰͬһ㣬תݡ
ħٺȫ¾͸ͨˣѾϸ΢ľˡ
Լĸ书ƽ˲ɱֵ綴ָơơɽơȵüɣȫһ֮С
ɹڰ˽֮ҶԵؾ͸оԼϣѾϸ΢ľء
뵽Ȼһ̧̽һָ
ָϺȻһһϸ롢һط絶һطһˮ
һָеķ֮䣬Ȼܹ̲־
Ҷ¶һЦˣת֮Ѿһ㵭
תͷԱߵһ黨ʯ̧ʯͷһָϵľһ£ĥ̴ʯͷ˹ǽڱһ
ΪķԲ㣬˲ɢĥ̴ʯѾϸСʯӡ
Ȼתʯһһץ֮֮£һ֮磬֮ʯͷһ㡣
ˮ𣡡漴һ˫һһ֮£һǿɣԲʮڵʯεȴǿǣ֮£׷ױ˹תһš
Ҷν任֮£ƮɵʯӶԼߺת籩н˴ССУ֮з˸֨֨Ľĥ
߳ҶȻ˫ֲ֮£Χķ籩֮С
أ֮һĥ̴Сʯʯϸ֮£ȴϸʯǿ϶ɵġ
Ҷֱֻ̧һ֮£ʯµµشֱ۹˱Ȼ˽£漴ִıһٴηɵԼֱˣȵסˡ
̧һ£ֻʯѾ˵ˣƬֻ֮һʯѾɢ˿һС
ƾһƣֻ¾ǲ񾳵ĵӣҲδֵܹסһаɣҶ־š
Ǻǡƾһƻ㲽ܹ֮ˡ
дһ͵ˡ


245 ǣȭ
֮УһöĶˣҶȻתͷ
ÿءкȻһǹ⣬кȻһǹ貵Ӱ
ڣ
ҶٿȻһϢ֪ȻͳߣɵȻһ
Ҷؾ̣ңұһֱڱչأҵԪԻġ
嵭صȻƽ
Ҷ˵ģ֮漴ݵҶݼƽ̣
ɫ˹Ƭ̣΢΢׵ܺãܺãѾɹ˵ص٣棬Ҫöˡ
Ҷлʵƽ̣ƺҪ
ζЦˣӦ˵Һûȫɹħ٣Ҫȥ
ƽ̴ʾҶ֣ǵͷ
޽ħǵ֮Уһħ֮ǣȴλħ񣬶ÿһʱ䣬λħ񶼻ƿգħǴ̡
޽֮棬Դǽ޾ԶԶΧǽܹ˵ģһҶʮֵ
Ҷüͷ壬˼Ƭ֮漴ڵħǴЩħħҲв޽ĸɰɣ
ƽ̻˼̾һңһŽĻλħֵµĴСħ֣ͬģЩɵʮڵĵϺ񾳵ĵͬҲ֣ô
ƽ̵˼ǡҶƺ˵ʲô
һģ˺ħ֮֮⣬Ҳӡ֤ʵʵ̵ʱ򡣡񾳺͵ĸȴһŶֵܹģҶ˵һǳĶʧˣͨǧ˵ȴһܴĴΪɵʮ֮ףһĲƴ֣ܶСɶǱҡźħǴսֵʱεذռλãƶ˵Ƿǳģҹƴ˴ĵܹʱҪ׼ˣҵ˼𣿡
Ҷһ֮£ʱͷˣһĵˣһĶѣڵ׶ĵˣеҵ棬̵ȷҶƽûдġ
ӡѾȫˡҶ˵ͷȻӶ߾ȫΪͨһսı󼸷ʤ㡣
޵֮еĺܶɵͷʮȱԶģˣҲʶԣҲҵӪ֮еĿģӪЩ궼˲ٵʵսҲġ˵ͷʵһô
Ҷ˼Ƭ̣صһӦϺ׽ɣ˵ţŵɣȡǣȻٸλá
粻ʧЦλã֪᲻Ҫ
ԣùҪ᲻ҲҪҪļһЩȻµСᣬôҲҪᡣҶص
Ƕλñʾû˿֮ģֻСˣΪۣٵ˼ɣлأܹıʤ㣡͵һȭͷ֣ص˵
¶Цݣ˵ͷãǳĺãܹ뵽һѾǷǳĲˡ
Ҷ˼Ƭ֮󣬵ƽ̣պУû̻
պļ̻һֱɱɵӵεģҪǸ̽Ϣɢ޽ѡͷͨԴȥô
ǺãҪһǧﴫѶķҶһȭͷЦҪ֮ڣʱشɢϢռ
ãû⡣˵ͷ漴ݸһǧﴫķ
ħǴ֮Уͨؾĸ֡ħȻƽǺɵ֮εĬ벻ĵĹ涨˫ֻܳͨؾµĵӻƴɱܳͨؾϵĸ֣ҲֵĻȻħĴսӦ˵Һڻûжɹħ٣ĻֻӪ¾Ҫ鷳ˡ
Ҷ˵ͷˡ
̧һָһһħָ壬ûȥϸһ£֮г⣬Ҫʲô䡢ң֮
ǣסҶǰ˹
š˵ͷȻָ˵㣬лһɫǰ׹Ҷͷˡ
ҶȻоƤһȫʮѨͬһ㣬ʼ
ƽǡҶʹһתͷһƽ̵ĵڶԪѾƮȻԶȥˡ
Ҿ㲻ҶвϲϽڷˡ
ҶȶǳϺȻɢ˿˿Ƶعߣڵİϸסˡ
ԴԴϵĴǳ֮ϵעڣӯǳ֮Լڡ
ҶоЩǳ͸İ֮к󣬾ȻϣнԴԴϳߵζ
Щǳ֮ͣسȡֻòƬ̵Ĺȫͻᱻˡ
ҪȡڵûôףǴ֣ҷ飡ҶһȭⲪȻ
ҶȻоϴ˾ҵʹ·õһ㣬ֻ֮вǹȻѳһС飬עһѨ֮Уʼתγ˶һš
һ֮УȻҲаϸСȭת
ţһڷָ˿עһѨ֮С
һɲǼ䣬Ҷľ·ǧһ㣬ʹɵ
ʮѨڵѾ̺ѾһˣΨǷȱ಻ΪģɴӿľѸӿ֮̾Ϳʼ׳
Ѩ֮еſ飬ÿһ֮ƺ̲һСǧ㣬һϸ΢ȭѾﳹɡ
ǣȭꡣ
ͻ˰Ͻ٣ɾ˵
ÿһѨһС磬ʮֵ
ſĵ֮вͣعţԼĵλãһŸĽڵϿգͣתҫķһƬ
Ҷоȫë׿ʼǳ֮ν֮˿˿߰ǳ಴ԼԪ֮ˣ
ħأϽ٣֮еѾɾ͵Σ񾳵ĵһҪˣҶзһ˿ϲ֮ɫ


246 ӣӣ
Ҷ׶ɹħ٣ָ漴ͷȥ֮漴дһݼƻ
ڶ죬ҶȡһдļƻҪķƷͼƽ̣ҪеޣޣҪ۷Ϊȫɢ˱Ӫ֮ˡ
ںħһʱӪĵӵв˶ȭ⣬ħ˵һɱ
ǰŲһҶںħ֮ϸٹħϣ˸ΪӪر˼ɱǿ
λΪ˴δսģӹݼƻ֮󣬶ʱд⣬һ֮£ȫӦ
Ҷļƻ֮󣬶ʱϲҶһӵظˣ͵еĲֿĶȫѡҿרɳ˰Ҫ취
ʼȫԸؿˡ
׻˵úãһĵˣһĶѡ
ѻռݸλԼмԵƺȨ
˴γ֮ĵӿ϶ں󷽳ǵĺȣͻսӰ죬һʧܣɵʧͨɽķչز
ҶȴܹδѣҪռȰס۵Ȼ
ƽ漴ͿСɽ磬Ӫ޵ǽ
µ֮漴ʹǧӪĵӳˣ˴ȥӪҲ˲ٵɽ֮ЩӪڵҲ䱸һЩƷȻ̫󣬵ħǴ´ġ
Ӫ޵ͷ϶䱸һ׷նħһǿħʱǰڵĲᣬӴƷķҪȴ˵ĹŹ֣ƽ̼ȻѾ´ĵҲֻܹȫԸؿˡ
ֱҶ뿪ʱǧ֦ХѾȫ׼ˡ

ͨɵĻɳԭѵ֮С
ӪĵѾȫװҺ׺ͷ£Լʺϳֵĵط˷ֵλ÷ú˱
ϽԾһ
Ӫ֮еͻھĸ֣һܹеļףѡ
ҶڶԴ˷ܵӪʿǰѲ߶ʱʱظһһװ
Աֱ߱վʮͳ죬ʮͳ춼ѾʥΪˡ
ΪԺɫϴŲ֮ɫĬȻվ
Ҷصʿܵ䡣
ֻӶѡԺһĨȵԹޣݺݵڵϿһҧ
һ仰ʱͽΧ˵ϲøˣ֮гһϢ䡣
žҶһͽ˳ȥгһƬӿı塣
Ժ⵹˵ϣûվһ̵Ѿ¡
Ҷش仰ֻ˵һΣһԴʾ
Ժɫ԰ףȻǿؿҶ
Ҷ˶̵ôǲŬôӵ³ֻӣôĵĲ߻Ϊ˱һУֻҪӹһ٣ҲǾͲӡ
Ժ͵йؽеҲԸȥ
ǺáҶؿһۣصеĻ뿪ɰɡ
Ժɫһ䣬漴йƤһȻ
ÿһŵĵӶ֮Լıͨ㷨ĳͨݳӵΪǲܣȴ׾ٵͨݳӵΣ;λá
Ե޹뿪ɵ³͵ǱѣߵĽǱ̨ϣ׻̴֮
ҪݣҲҪɵİš
ҪܵĻǾס㣬ҲȥܣΪӵùɵԡҶصΨһܹľΪǴⳡս֮ȡһΨһܹľңһȡһߵ
ڳеӪĵǳĬһĨᶨɫ
Ҷ˵ͷ
кȻһӣڵҶʦ֣֮дϢ˵ˮƽͶɵŵ⵽һȺħΧ
Ҷ΢΢鴤һ£ûһȭͷúðҪء
漴תȵ
һӶӪĵǣѸٵ䷢ۡ

ɽɽϿ֮УϯӴСħƷӰ㿣ʱʱشعЦˡ
ˮƽͶ޵֮еĶɣ⴦ɽŵӵıؾ֮;еȵ֮бȲɵʮƴ֣ûרŵ乤ߣ֮еźŵ߶м
ΧڹеɵӣŷֵûħӰߴعЦŪ˼㱣ս
ħƽؿʼ£˰ΧȦ
һ󽣵ӣѾʥΪˣģʦ֣趯Ľеħƾơ
ԱһѪ۵ĵʵʦ֣ô죿ҪǾͳɣ
󽣵ʦֻӽһħƣŭ˸ƨҪħͷ㲻ǻôħǴǣ˭ˣ
ʦܿɥڶЩס˰
ǸʦҧгݵصˣҲ
ȻԶ
¡еħƱһײһˡ
ʮýӰһԾ£ӿȭ;޺תۼͼΧħһˡ
룡Ҷһһ֮£䣬ƣת˲֮ͳ嵽⼸ͷħԡ
ȭһһ֮£ͷħͬʱס֮УҶȭɫһ֮£ʱͽͷħͬʱ𵴳촷ۡ
ӪзӵĵӳǷķɰΧȦӣΧӪ޵ӳ嵽ǰȥȭƵУ
Ҷһ֮£ʮ޵Ӧǣţȶڵϣһ͵İ֮ð˳
ϷɳģһɫоĽɫ졣
Щ޸ǣеľѪƶɵģԴ֮ˮϴרſħһ壬ס
ҡ֮£һɹɳɫƹⱼӿƹ֮м¡¡ּĴԼȻ裬Ϸ衣
зħǽ˷ļѹ֮£ۼһţħӰ֣ռƺܲħӰѹƣŤ
ɱɱɱ
Ӫһٶʮĵǣ˿ˢˢг˴󲽳Ⱥħۼĵط͵س˹ȥ
Ĺ֮УŲһСС÷ͣͷ޳ĵ潻֯죬緢Ʋ֮еһ㣬ˡ
֮һ·굶ݣһϬһ·ֱسɱȥ֮ΧħûӰӿĵ˿
ɱһ֮£÷͵ʦǣһȣгˢˢһ


247 
𣡣ƣ
ľ޺У֮ԼʮִӰ
ɽصʱͬݿһһɨա
ߣҶؽ֮£𣬻һߵĽߣָһ֮£һȭź
žһž޴ĺ·𱻴Ƶһ㣬һӾɢ˿
Ҷһȭ֮£ΧСħһ𱬿
Ȼиħභ
ͷħͷǣֳͷ˱ۣ༫ֻħֽһźһ¡¡سҶײ˹
øħȻѾʥΪ
ҶһһȦһ֮£͵عһȦ״ǿеסͷħ
飡Ҷ˶ײ˳ȥһ޴һתݡ
ͷħҲҶĸ𵴵Ĳᣬһƽˡ
Ǵֻ֣죡Ҷڿмתз˵͵͵غХ˫ǧ۷һ㣬ڿлûӰ֮жȻһȦȦ̺ɫħɫ֣Ͱ˹
ͷξ޴ħһײ֮Ҷ˫ƼٴĻͷʥĴħ̾ͱȭд⼸ͷħһĲҽ
ЩħڶǾ֮壬Ҷȭֱǵľ˶ǵ˺쳣޴
ḥ̂תҶתȭҵذסͷħ֮˫ƽתȭⲪȻ֮£ͷħ·͵Ľ֮һ㣬ټ֮нģ
ڣͷħѾˮһ͸Ρɢ֮С
֮еľ޴Ӱһɹɰ޴ľʶ֮ˡ
էһѵһɲǼ䣬¶漸δŮԪˣǱıѾħʴ˲ˡ
һӾͽȺѾΧħ˸ţͷħֽһʱؾ촷ۡ
սҲӽβˡ
һٶʮֽĵĵ潻֮£ϬεĵʱͽյħɢƬ
Ӫ֮ǧУٰܹʮ쾳ĵ֣ҶϵĹ⣬һá
ĵȻû⣬Ҳ˼ϳ˵书ӶȭģѰħȻ֮ؿơ
ĵһ֮¡ǰɿħᱻʵǳ
˴ΪӪĳ߳һⶼ˴ϵȵħʹӪĵӵ⡢ܹϣ˶һĵǹĻҹףɢĻҹЩħҿǰ
Ʈ翵˶΢΢صݡȺħѵͷ塣
Ҷ̧һ£ͼһֻ«һϸҳת֮䣬ͽЩħƬȡ˺«֮С
ֻȥ֮¯һԼҲһС
ԱһֱսӴܵĶššŵСŻˡҶһӪ֮ˣȻת֮䣬׾ٵؽȺڵȥħˣдΪͬʱҲ
ҶѵӪ뻮һ׳ɽصƣѸʱˮƽŮʿǰΪ֮һ
޵еĵǴ඼ɷǣƮݵ֣ӪɭϵѪȴ˶Ŀһ¡
Ҷشӿ˹ֵͨɵҶλˡ
Ϊ۵ŮԪ֮ɫҰףִ̧ӻȡһɫľӣԼͷϡ
һƵĺش֮˳
ŮӾҴϢ˼վлҲңҶֵΪˮƽĵӣԶԶȲˡոҶ֣СŮֻ¾ҪȺħͷˡ
ΪͬˣӦԮ֣ѲؿҶһ֮¡
Ҷ˵һŮӺȻʲôƵģʵҺͱݵļɢʶ˵ǰʱҶֺͱݵʦһͬħ򣬶ɱͷħΪ˵ء
ԱߵŮһ֮£ҶжʱĽ֮ɫ۷׷ףֻӪʦϷŹ⣬Ϊ
Ӫļ޵˹ȥȡħ÷ǳ뵵ħ׻ϵ˻ˡ
ʰĴСħ֮Ա߻мŮʶɻԲѣӵĶá
Ҷ漴̧ץ⼸ħԪŮӣкȻתкȳԵƣ
ָᵯ˵֮£ҵȭⲪȻ֮£⼸ǵŮӱһϺ£ЩӲĽһ£һʹ෭ĺѾǵ֮бŷ˳Ůӻ۾ãȻĹţ˹
һָڳ̾ΪֹˮƽŮ޲Ľ
ˮƽĵֵıԹǼɵģǹ룬滹ˮܹڿɷƥˮ齣ʮֵϬס
ѾǿƾƷķˣǿħȴδ
ѰСħȻҲԻ֮ȴ쳣ĴһУܽ𵴵ĻɢΪӽھĴħͲͬˣЩħĲɢ޳ͨħʮֵѰ˺á
ֻдܹƣոǼͷħȻΪѾܸߣѾˡ
ҶףЩСɳͶԼƾԼĳȫģҪչֳԼʵ뼼ɣܹķڷƼԼ
벻Ҷ־Ȼƾȭ⣬ֱӽЩħˡŵ¿ڵ˴⼸СɾΪ˱һͬǰ
˵Цһ벻ôˣҲȱȻҶµӪҡ
Ŷԭ
ҶǺñ£벻ӪоȻôȭ֣ŵĴӷ¾ص֮£ǶſɾԶԶ٣Ǵ˴Ҷ˵ĻǶش˴ξͲϴǰˡ
˵΢
Ҷ仰ȴϲ


248 ֮һ
ӪļͳҶĶѬĿȾ֮£ѾҪɾˣɫϲ
ҶɿһЦǺǣλ̨ܿңҶĳңôĹ죿
һҶ˵¡ˮյɵĵɫͬʱ
ҶֻϽ͵ؼһ첻ôֶΣδùǰǵһɣĴ󣬱˵ЩСˣպ̻ɫµġ
УҲһŵĵķɺȻ֪ôʮǰħǴֵʱ򣬾ŵ˵ģأǳŵǧŵӰֻаʮˣнһĲзϣǼƹˣ
һᵽ£ŵĵǸɫߡ
ԣԣźˮƽŮҲ׷׹ߡ
һʮǰǳħ٣Ա߼ɫҲȻɵˣʹ֮Ҳ˲ٵĵӣʱҲ˲ٵĵӣʹñȻԹޣҲֻȫ䵽ħǴͷϣͷˡ
½ҶӪһʵı֮£⼸Сɵĵ۶
ǿɲʲôɵİΣ֮ƨ͵Ͼʵ΢ڻҵӣҲǼʮ޶ɵģ˭Ըô׵ȥġ
Ҷ֣Ǽģô˵ǾôķǵĳŸҲ·֪ģֻҶһ˵ģ
ǼλأҶתͷ˶¡顢ˮƽŵ֮УֻжºˮƽɵصͷˣֻŵĴʦ첨ȴԥƾʦֵôʹɫûá
ҵ˼ǣùҪ᲻ҲҪҶûһ棬صְλҲ⣬ѾֻӪˣ㲻ȥˣСˣʱѹֻ´ѹûκεĹ˼ˣ˵ǲǣǲǷҪõλãǵǶ˼ɣܹô޼ɵشѹǲлء
Ҷ˵ļǡɫأ΢΢˵ͷ
ҹĻˣһµգ¹ڵȾһ˪
ɵĵӾһ֮ѾǾƣߣؾͲú󷨣ڴõ֮˯ˡ
ӪĵֳħѲߡ
һӰӪǻţ·ص£һһ̾
ҶǸӰӣڵ֣ôΪʲôϢ
Ӱ̧ͷǱˣŵ첨
첨̾Ҷ֣ìܡ
Ҷ񽥽Ϭڵ֣òҪͶɣ
첨ڰصҶ֣ʵ㣬һλ洫ʦ֣һλŮǡ˫޵£٣ҲǲҶֵֶΣֻǡʵںΪѡ
˵꣬̾Ϣһڵϡ
Ϊ𣿡Ҷصˣŵӵ֮Уǵȥֺλ洫ʦֵĻҲɡ
Ҷ֣Ҳ˼ֻǡ첨ļתˣȻ˫ϥڵأҶ֣ңҲλʦܵΪԼĵʯҲ롭ˣҶ㡭
ΪѺìܵĿɫ
ԣ֮еӵİΣȻӹˣΥʦֵĺȷʵҪһ˳ܣʹĽĪڴˡ
Ҷʮֵ˽⡣
ҶƬ̣صûϵּȻԼѴȿ׵˵Ժѡ
첨Ҷ˿иǲҧҧӱһҶ֣£ϰҡ
ˣڽҲգ˴ħٷͬСɣв֣֮һͶһֱաҶƬ̣Ȼ֪ŵΪ֮ԣҪͶĵӣҲ㣬ҪһæģҾΪѣֻҪܹæ³֮һɹѹأ
첨з˸м֮ɫҶ־˵ĳڴģһΪ
Ҷ䷢ϣŲص˴ĵҪˣֻҪ㵽ʱ򣬴ʦֵͷ׽ñ߹ľͺãʱҲ˵ģһᾡùˣ첨ⳡս֮ȫˡ
Ҷ漴迪һŵͼָһ¼ѾԤ˵λá
û⣬첨С¶ɣҲΪҲ첨ʱһĵһ
ҶܼɵؽսķŴڸ⼸С֮󣬸һ²ǵĺøУɵĵӺӴܸӵսһƵͷת򣬶ҶӪس˾η
Ϊ־ηһ¶˾ģҪƼҶ첨ȻҲ⣬֮λ洫ʦֵŭ
ͨɵʮֵĿǿҲܹ⼸ɵĵˡ
ڶɽ֮Ÿϵ˲ԶɽӪ֮С
ӪؾڲԶɽ֮еһʢһɽ֮С
ټӪ֮УһһصӪɢΧӪֻһЩϰ󷨶ѣһСӾѲΧȥѾһСһˡ
Զɽ֮ϣҶ̤±ϣؿӪ֮еĲá
Ϧϣչ֡
ף㿴ΡҶԱ°͡
ں֮ڶѡص
ԱڵϴǼСѾȥüˣӪ֮ѾǸˣǲҲýȥˣ
ҶӭվϵĻͷǼǰĺƯˣ߰ɣɽȥǰˣ


249 ֮
Ӫش֮Уĵһµĵӵ֮£˳ӢϴźͰЦݡ
Ʒ·ǾУǰӭԼĳһ㡣
ֻǿҶʱ˵Ŀ΢΢ʣƱų˵𻨡
ޣҶв˵ûеأȻŰĳˡ
޽ɵʮ֮Уǵ֮еһͨеڶˡ
СţѧŴţʺģΪɵһŴҪѾҪˣԳͷΧһĹСɷֱʼơ
ŵķɣˮƽŮ̾չĹʼҶһȺΧǵħ
Ҷ֮Ȱݻڵ壬һ֮ȻҲҰĵģʮ۲ְλ¼Ȼ쵱ңҲ޿κΡ
Ҷһƻ֮漴һļϣҲҪ˵ѡ
ڵǺҶȻͬ飬һ⡣
ʱ˿̣ոս˵С֮У첨ҲҶķԸͶ졣
һѾǶɹħٵˣ书ʮֵĸǿ
һ֮Ͼ£µ˴ʤ̣ȻٲһӢĹ⻷ԣλ־ڱصá
׳ȫû뵽Ȼ˵µĵӴ˰̣ȻҲᱳϺڹ
Ҷ뵱ҪƷΪ˸˩һӣ¾Ҳ뼸Сɸᡣ
Ҫ֪ߣˤòأᣬôСͨɡ
㲻õĻһҪԼľϿӡ
һ׿֮ڴպе̻˵֮£ҶͨɺֻȻ
ǣȴȡ˺ܶȨ
ŹϵѵСֻ̾ϢһǿȴǸŭԣϾųɵʮڵһôǵɡ
Ҫû⡣Ҷֶصֻ˶ȫʲôûУ
ٺЦһ˴ħǴǰֻ·ߣһǶɽڶ켫ԭˣĵ㹻ԻִҵİȫħǴ٣޻أ
ҶмȱĵͬʱҲˡ
˵ʲôսսԲȫûУȫƾԼЯƴ
ƽͻɳôһ׳
벻ͨ벻ͨ
Ҷ˦ӵʣֻǵ˵ͷи飬ħǴнɻĸԼУӦûɣ
ЦһȻȻû飬ǿЩƵħң˴ĿıΪ˻ħǴҶⱾ죬ҵֻĽʲôģ˭ɻıһŹԼУɲ飬˴ǽħǴȺͷպеĸ̺ṩģλƾҵȡ
һЩСǶʱ¶˾ϲ֮ɫ׷潻ͷӶ˽
պΨһûɳ̫ӲսɣǴ˴ȴǸȫĺڣ߲䷨ķ߲ȣպһֲٰ졣
ɨһԳĬԵͨڵӣ˹ؿڵҶ֣ʱҲ˲ٹŵĴԣӪһսǿ׻˵úãøӦõ棬ɹʱפɽһأҲ˵ĻڶƻԭһߴһƬشǼ࣬Σ
˵⻰ʱ̺һ˿ɱԱ߼СɵĴҲ¶ɫ
ͨɵĺӵˡ
Ҷоâ漴ͷһ˿Ц漴ת첨΢΢ףʾ
첨ȻǰԼˣȻˣǿǵˡ
첨ǵõҶɫ漴һĨο֮ɫ
Ȼ˵Ļȥˣ첨Ͷʱ첨ҶߵļСͷĿַ
˵ʹԼĿ֣Ȼмƣû˵Ͱ첨ԼߣŵһλʦϵĻƴӡ
ɽλõȷǱȽϸӣҲħǴ֮ͨһħǴĳĻ϶﹥ģʱԼ϶ͻ׵ˡ
Ҷɽ֮γɵխͨЦ
˵Ϊҹһͨڴô
̫ˣ׳գҶӣȴǺٺЦһ
ЩӪʱ򣬳֮⣬ҲûԼıְ޵ĵ˾ħħ
ЩħɵҲˣ˵ɵʮڶ漰⣬ǻһ¶ġ
ҶĵʱʱҲоһħħıԼսĿܣԼϵԸЩħʲôķԸЩħͷЧѣȵȶϸݣֱԸʱͶġ
˴ζԸħǴ˵ʮɵİգ˾ųɵİջеģʱһֻ»ᱻ˸ʶˡ
ֻҪħǴ֮ӵսҶʸȥƷ
һĨЦֶͨɽһ첨ģȻһӻˮ˵ģΪǴȻȽվȴħǴľݵȽϽӦ˵ħǴĵһߣҶҿĻƾݶдѹͨɴӡ
Ҷصͨһҹ㲻̫СһЩ𣿡


250 ս
˹صͨɵʮ֮һʵǲಮ٣ôͻزסأ˵ˣֻʱأ۲飬ʵڲеĻͳôҲһ֧Ԯ
ŵĴվ˳ȵ˵һ͸ҲҶ֣ͨΪɵʮڣǴ˵֮һõǣ
ǾǣȻͨˣҲҪ
Ҷģķ𣿡
Ա߼ŵļСɷ׷վߵؿʼѵ⡣
ӪڵζҪըˣǿԱԼϴ󶼲Ҳֻǿѹŭ
Ҷɫ࣬Թۣ쳣ĵ
û⣬ҶĳµӪȻħǴԽɽ벽⣬¡աӰҲҪһͬǰȥҶԥشӦȻǳڵפأΪ˱ҪȡȺͷΣ
ȫû⡣Цһһڵͷд˸£ݸȥȡɡ
ǾͺáҶ漴Աߵص߰ɣֵǣҪﱧԹˡ
ӪĵǷ׷׺һתıʩʩȻسȥˡ
űӣҶ쳣ȻɫٺٵЦ༸СɵҲһĨЦݡ
˵ʹҸ
˹һڲ裬漴Ա߹˹ָһԵ첨̸һĵЦ
첨˹ؿʵ˵ħǻһҶƾʲô
ǻ˵˭֪ı࣬ħǴһҲϰӲġ첨ЦȻӲȻҪܿɵķâˣתҶͨɣһҲڻͨɸˣ𣿡
üë΢΢첨ƨĵ÷ǳˮ׼۸ڶʮ֮ˬ
ҶӪһ߿֮һ·ɱڵسֿӪȥˡ
ֿӪؾڶһϣŶѻɽһȺһкеķר￴š
صĵǸɵĵӶУŻලãǲݻ̰ۣҲȥ̰ЩõĶ
ҶڵűӪĵӣ˹
վſڵһĵסֿصأκ˲ý룡
ĹۿҶӻְˤϣȻһȷƿˡ
װҶһָȺͷԱ˺ȵװװ٣
󳤿աӰ¼ŵȴЩЩĥҶҶģǴɻæ
Ҷ˵ȡµȺͷʵȴɳٻͣȴȡĸµȺͷպЩ̺ò˶ûһġ
պĸ̺žȺͷѻɽͻûüͳƣҺвٵȺͷԴԴϵ˹
Ȼ֮֮캰ػֶûãȡս֤ҵڸ顣
ֱ뿪˵Ӫ֮Ҷϵķ֮ɫѾʧӰ١
ȡ֮ģȴǴ߽һ˿յ˼ļЦչֳһӰۼݼˮƽ
һɵСͷǣҶ˿ûв֮ɫһӣоЩ֡
ŵĴķЩ಻סˣʵҶִ˴αѹȴΪҪЦ
ٺ٣λ̨ĺˣһжҵ֮Уǰһ¹֮󣬾ں󷽹ǣӪȥħǴҶƲߵһ½嵭ص
⼸ļһˡ
ҶһֺǿʹúԵе˻еľˣȴǸоٱİȫء
Խ˼ɽ֮󣬶ɽѾߡ
Ҷӿ֮ӪȾ͵ӪȻϸ۲һµΡ
ɽλõϿ֮У˵ħǴһؾ֮·ĵطȴһƬء
ɽǰһ«״ɽȣһʮϿȣʺϽڽ
Ҷϸһĵ֮漴¶˾ġ
ɽλȻխȴǽ˵ĵشħȻﾭ
ھϹҲܿǹݺͨˣ̸ֻ½ӻѡ
ʱҶֹһεغСģħħ֣ǽ֮ĳȴϲġ
ԴʶλҶʦʹӪĵһλͨŵҶʦһֽäĿĳݡ
ֻҪҶ쵼飬öģҲȥɣֻҪܹȫһܹժȡʤʵ
һԵĵʵ̫ӴˣһҶĵףһʱҲЩûס
ڣ̲ס˹ڵʦֻ֣ǹݺǡ
ȷˣҿݺֶδ̫ڵͼˡҶһƲ¶һ˿صЦĺˣһжҵ֮У˴ζ˵ֻһκȤԺͳͷĻᣬʲô⣡Ūĺˣ˵ۣѣ
ʱһĵʵʦ֣ƽ
ҶЦ˴ζɽҿȴһõսһʵս竸սʵһ󣡡
Ӫʦǲ书ǿҸѾȭ⣬ѰħѾûʲôЧˡ
ҶվƬɳϣϸһͱںϿȣ΢΢˵ͷ
սӦþɡҶ˵ָ۾Զߴң̿


251 ħ
Ҷһ£ӪĵѸٿʼ˽ɫæ
ššŵȵɵĵҲҶ˵ģʼ˹
ҪõľƬ«״ɽȣҪսҶҪħһӲ̣Ȼƾ󷽵ĹϿħǴ
ϵʦڵϲͣعݺṵֵȻÿλöһ׭˷ӡķʯһʦһӲĵ÷ڻ˽״Ȼƽγһ쳣ӲıݣȻ÷ͼ̡
Ͽȵ±Ҳ俪սƽ̨ﲼһֳħ֣רŸԸзħ
ݴ֮Ȼ沥ɽӣԷ߷ʹزڱݵıϣγһ㱣㣬ʹЩݶپ¶֮ҡ
߻㱤ݵļ̶̳ȣѾһˣĵħҪƾݻҲѡ
Զļɽϵλôǲ˼˶ţɢųҵħ⣬ҫ˷ɢħħĽ
ҶҪ󲢲ߣֻҪܹħսܹǿԼҵսɡ
⼸ŵļֵߣֻ൱Ʒѡ
ŵĴϲ˳Ŵ˹ƣ֮ɫ
ȻΪ߳㲻ʲô⼸ҲڵĹǺˡ
ҶҶ֣òõ鷳ɣ
ΪʲôҶֵƳһۣ
һӲ̣ǾҪȡÿһԷһ֣ǾЩգ㲻ҪСɷȻɢˣȴܹħɵս⣬ɽϣҪϼţ⼸ɽΧҪ´ԵĽƣħ͵Ϯǡ
Ҷ³һƶɵɳ̣촽
ҶӪ֮ӵоԵȨ˶ûκηԵġ
Ӫеڸ֣һڸֳ֣־նɽΪһ֧ԤӣʱԮĳ͵Ϯĵط
޽ڵϰչ滮õĺۼ˷֮һɹɷѸЩӡ֮УϼӲʯعһļķѸٽ޸Ѹһ˿
ҶרԵħһκͱƵġ
һж׼֮Ҷ˲ֿӪص˳Ա񣬵ȴħǴ
ոפûյĹ򣬼֪޾ѾԵظоΧԪĲˡ
Ҷ漴´ʳˮһŶ˹ӦӪڶ˯Ϣãһ񣬵ȴħ

޴һ֮УֻмŻΧһ˶ޱȵĺǻػơ
ЩϿ֮УһƬƬ뵣ħ裬ɽĵϣȴӿϰһȺһȺƬθ׳ĵħ쳣໹ֽЩħ쳣׳࣬ļª
кȻһڹ⣬ţһ޾ѹˣħ̱÷վ֮С
ӭħˣ
һž޴ķ籩Ȼǳ֮У籩ɢ֮һڵ׽ƾצ۵Ӣӯվ֮У˫Ŀţü֮һɫĻתе˸ݡ
ӻ۾ڵ˫ͫ·䲻׵һ㣬ܽ˵ȥ
̧ذʵȨһ
֮еһ㷭ݵʱշ籩ȻƽϢ貵ǹƣӳյմŹ
ӿʱշ籩γһټͨΧħħҲ׷׶ۼгĶ飬װ
ҿٹͨ޽ͨȵӴ֮ͨй޴УӴ˲ʢħƥ
еħշ裬ϵĵħ໹ֽЩħħ׷Ծ֮ϡ
ͷħ񻺻ָ̽ңңض׼˲Զ޴硣
꣡꣡
֮һɹɫĵȴһϺɫĵһһһһ֮гǿƥ
ɫ£˫ƺ˺Ļһ㣬һ֣һһѪɫ罥޴֮нת֮׻֮Ӳ˺ѿһͨ
ħ֮УȻһɫġħʯšӻ֮תۼ䣬ͺݺݲ֮ͨˡ
ħ裬ϵħҽеطӵˡ
ǿ֮еźɫķ籩ֻ˶ǳһħһգգؿϰӵħħ籩عЦ޽еϼһǣصɲôӮȡġ
ͬʱ޽Ҳ˼쳣ǿľ񲨶ɲΧʯƿˡ
ǾĿԴ
֮д쳣ϵ
һˣ޴֮Уոճ˽Դǹ֣ƴ

ռ֮кȻˡ
ÿһ𣬿ռ֮оͻһŤĺۼ
Ӫ֮е˵ˣɵסеı
·һεڿռ֮һ㣬Ϊ֮ᡣ
Զǿ֮һŻɫĴǹٿȻâʢһɫĹŻǿգƿռ


252 ֮
һƵʯŻ֮Χʯ׷ױŸ˿
ߵԶʯ޽һΧǳʯſˣޱȵľˡ
꣡ռĹڵ˼޵ĵز·ըѵļһ㣬ȻѺۣ·ըѵѺ۰㣬ѷȻˣһɫĹƿգֱҶǰ֮У
ҶȾ֮£˲û˿ľ£һɽ˷ܸо
Ƶʯ棬ĸߴӰ첽ЩߴĹˣͷǣϲϸܵƬǣǧһѸƥ
лмͷ˫ֳꪲҹһ壬ЩҹħȻܹУǶ̾ڻлǿԵġ
ǵħ֮кպĵħһ壡
ħӰ˸ݣħһ壡
һӶĵħظ˹ЩħսʿɶϲϸܼӲƬֳž޴ꪡսֵȴִıһ˫˫Ѫɫ۾֮мȫȻûǵӰӣɱ¾ѪĹâ
ħҪ޵壬ħ޵ǡ
ħ͵ħӵм壬ħһóȻģɱ˻ǵħһƥϾʤѰĳˡ
żǸϹʱըףٿ֮ҶŹԴԴϳĵħȺиֱߵŽµʯ΢΢ЦֻҪȺħһȫˣ֯ĴЩû֯ģһһ׼
ԱߵóϷص˵ͷ
˵ͷԱߵļʦ΢΢ͷʼʩ
ЩҶϣЩħ룬սǰƽ˹ͬɽһ㡣
ӭĵħ˾ҵźţһӶĲǰ˹ǿɽһ㣬ѹ˹
Χڶӿ˵ħɽƣ޲ɫ䡣
ҶüͷһţǽʵʵײˣҪȺħƹ˵Ӫֻɽܹƽˡ
е鷳ûгҵ֮⣬ô˵ħǾҲǴ˼ˣİɣѾδѣ׼
ΧӪĵǶоЩתͷҶ
׼ȷȻٿѪ֮ҶޱسԱߵ˻ֵ
׳һ漴ͳˣֻƲЩƤĵħսʿ
Ҷϵصٷϻִ
ǡæȥԶĸ̨һơ
ɽͷһѾƽˣƽ̨沼һ̫󷨣мڷһ̳
ʮʦ߽һѾú˵ĸ̨ͼУſĵۣ㣬Ȼ󻺻ؿʼʩǲĽɫͼ
ǶǾͨĸֻ֣һ䷨һת֮£һņѾǵͷˡ
ɫĵ绡ҫΧһƬ˵

мվһھĸִһɫɵıϲһִĵߣսһͷԼƹ֮С
󷨣ʵҲֻܹһ׵䷨ѣ䷨ûбĳΨķΧѣĵķҲ̫࣬Ҷµȴǽʡ֮ľء
ս֮ϣ˲Ϣ䣬ܹʡЩ˹ؼʱܹ̾һսϵʤ
Щʦͬʱʼ˷ͷһņ۳һơ
мվŵڸ֣ͷһټƣϵ
ȥվмλ̽ڸʩϣбն
սϿ֮кȻʮķƴ˷˹ս֮зӵ
̣̣һ߮ߵĵȻڿתۼͻ˴Ŵŵ׵˹ȥ
г޾񱩵ĵٻСħ𵴳촷ۣ֮гĻһʱͱ˴롣
еĴħܲϢؿʼſеƣһһŵħ֮н̵֯ˡ
ЩȻƼ󣬵ȴֻܹ˺еЩħһ壬ƤĵħսʿɱȴҶףս棬ԶԶҪɱǿöࡣ
ʱ֮ܳг쳣񱩵ĵСħ˲ڻ塣
ֻҪܹľ󳹵׽ңѾɹһˡ
ӴȣҶڷ񹥻Ƶħǣ̧һӡ
Աֳ߽ӿױ˷ѿзȺħƣڱͷܡ
Ȼħս֮гһҵ¡¡֮нЩͻ
ħһ峣İĵؽ֮УǾƾ˵ı
꣡꣡
ÿһϸС֮̾ͱ仯ڿҳ裬Щ˺Щħǵħһ峤ĵؽ֮УǾִֺˡ
ЩÿÿȺħ֮󣬾һĴ̹ǵʹʹЩûжǵĵħ໹ֽС
뻮һͽҵ״̬֮ˡ
Ⱥħȴ˿ûо쵽󣬾·Ľŵ棬Ȼһŵɫ
Щɫ΢ɲ죬һ±ɢ֮̾ɢ˵ħ֮С


253 ħ
ص̳֮У˿˿Ƶɺ̺˿ҵϢõħؿһ˫˫Ѫ۾Ѿɥʧǣ
𣡡һͷħոձѾˣ֮Ŀ֮һ֮£һʱôһ쳣ҵѪɫǵ
ԭһ˿ǣʧˡ
ħ䷨ԸħԶЧ
ҲͲסĵĿȳ嶯ˣһ춯صĺ֮£޴һʯǧˣҵϢѸɢ˿
ٺ٣Щܹ֮ЩħɱǾ͸ˡҶЩѾ˵ĵħ¶Цݡ
Ⱥħ໹ֽţͻʦ͹˹ȴǡǡãһײҶµߵ״棬֮жʱӿ˴ƬĻƳ֮ȴɫˡ
Ƴ֮Уһ׻ı籬һҵˡ
ת֮䣬¡¡֮У̵ǰĵħѾһ̲õѪģ
ǽźĵħȴ˿壬еѪ֮ɫȴ޼
ҶĨһ亹һԭľڱ׽ˣҪôƽֻսҪֹƽˡ
еȺѾ뱩ŭеħʼˣһɹ쳣ִħתۼͻŭοƣӿħ֮ħӰ֣лвٵҹ桢ħ޵ȵǵس
±Ͽƽ̨ɽ֮еαװȫƿˣȻ˼ĿĽ߰˱ɽطɳ֮еħʱ뱻ɢ˿һЩɵĵħҹħڿзеʱħ䲻ǵۼ׳򣬵ķɽһ֮£ͽǱĳն°
һͷͷ˳ķҹʱͬ½Ӱӿеصص˵֮Уˤ˸֮漴ͱ糱һĵħ˹ȥˣ˿Ĺѵˡ
Щҹǵؽħе֣ܹУӵмǿⲫ
ҶƽŵڤԪӡ̧ȺӵħԱɫף˫ֱµļС죬ɫƶ
ա¡ɵĵҲմѪģħҲûٸɹǧɽһĳʵ̫ˣܹܵӾĳ
ŵĴϳЩɵĺԱɫҶɫƽָ
Щħθߴս֮󣬺ѹѹһƬƸǶٵƸģټΧһӶӵҵħѩϼ˪ԼվվˣҶȴɫ糣һΡ
ħţҶſ𽥼Ӻħƣ˵
Ȼһ֣һźڰ׹⻪֮һɳ˵ڤԪӡ
ڤԪӡڿеһת֮£һ΢ɢ˳ȥ
Ҷת˵ڤԪӡһһƹ⣬Ͽ֮Сħ֮̾ͱһɾ˹Ȼʳ˷飬Ȼ󻯳ľԪ
ɽ֮еĿռȻһƣľɫڴ֮ºҵŤзħֲ֮±һ˺Ƭ
ȺħеıҲܲסǿĴóɽһ㣬׷ס˵ˣһʱûƥ
ҺȺħۼ׷ûϰߣȻĻһ԰Ǹڵˡ
ҶǰѾ׻ҵħǴʼٵͼѡһѵʱħǴ֮еλá
ɽ֮ȾͱǧٿڤԪ׮ö˵ڤԪʹɽ֮еһɲǼʮ
嵽ǰĵħʱͣǰ߲ӵ˹һм̤ɾˣһʱսѾ˻һš
вӰħȴȳ˹ӪϷʱֲħӰ
ҶԱӪʦ˸һ׼Ӧս
Χߵɽ϶ϴľϿʼתһִ׵Ĺݺݵײǰĺ֮С
ҵĴ֮жȻ˼쳣ִɴִħ֮Уʱͽɴִħ˲١
֮г֮⣬ħħƣеħһӴ£ħ϶ʱȼհĆ죬ˡ
ִҵİ׹ķ֮£ӿħͬһЩСħһӾͱЩҵħس˿
ͷħ׼ŭˣ⼸ͷħϰѾˣ°һź뵣ǵѾ൱ھĸˡ
⼸ɽϲµżĵ꣬ħҹħһ쳣СħֱӾͱˣνϴħҲʩչʱ֮еʮھĸֶݳԪ֮󣬼ȴˮһ㣬ڿ֮£׻üͷħ顣
еħӰʱŭˣ໹ֽŴħ֮гץ±ϵȺɶĵץ˹ȥ
ÿһɶź¿սƽ̨ϣȴǺȻ˼Ӱһһ
⼸׵ߣеĳֱеǳֿȭһƾˣһѶѵߣӱһ߾ɫ


254 
Щһ֮£û˵ŵߴӱóһɫ£֮ĳҵ̫Χʼתտɫ֮УϸСĽɫ档
Ԥ
һȺǰڵϣг۾ס׼ǣңңظŶӳʩ
ڸ֣˸ս졣ȻרſħĿ֮ˡ
ЩҲ쾳ѣǵĵвԿƿȺħ壬ֻпиָĿꡣ
ţڸսһָ
쬣ͣ꣡
֮£ˢˢ˳ȥ
жʱһڵ͵֮С
ɻһ֦۵ƿŭ䣬Щ涼Ƶᣬ쳣תļͷһ㣬еļͷҵ˿˺ƿըѵ졣
֮ܲУ·̧Ӳͳһһ㡣
֦ħ̺˴γɵתۼ佫սƲ㾡ɢ˿֦һ֮£һƬڿдĹ֣ͽոһյĴˡ
һͷħ֧ϣϸĴݺݵʳ˼زҽ˺Ʋһ˺ķ˿ҪоۼκαסԼ޷޷ۼһš
ħҶԴĶԸħһĴɱ֮һרſħһ塣
ħһ޴Ҿɢ޳ħȴǸ˴磬֮ͻٵɲǣƵļͷΧγһССǿܹһӾͽħޱȴ˺ѿ渽Ĵȴħһʱ޷ۼν
ĺһӾͱһ˶ޱȵĿˣ¶һƬɸɾա
ţ⼸ϵҲ˳뷢֮£һͺ佫ħƸ˺ѳһƬǿҵ;궯ǵ죬ݺύ֮£һ䣬ͽħƾ𱬴ɢ˿
ƿҶ͵һȡ
ǰŵǣսȭͷ͵һȭңңЩħ˹
ӭħȭһ֮£ʱܽ˿бͱ֧ħǣٴѩϼ˪رôһĴݲ֮£ɢһ磬Ҳɢ˲ˡ
ͷոմĴħֲ֮£ȭһ֮£ʱһȻȭһ֮³ɢ˿ɢ̺׻֮ħΧסһѹ֮£֨һô˳˻ҽ
ӪǣѾȭ⣬һŭ͵շһӴȭ⡣
ȭɱ֮޴󣬾ħӦε΢ɷһӾɢ˿
γɵķʹôħոտͱۻȭΡ
֮ܲжʱͳһ޴Ŀն¶ɫգҵ
𣡡ǰŵʮֽշһ޺ۻ޴۳һţҵɢɨ˿
޴һ㣬ϲغɨ죬תۼͽǰħͬһɨˡ
Ҷգشһޣ׼
սֲܵһ֮£ʮȽȽˣ˲ɢռ֮УתۼͻŽӲ̫ع
ҵĹâҫķ֮£鲼Χÿһܽ˵۾Ϲˡ
һЩСħҹһ֮£ʱزҽͱҹڻһƵĺ̡

ţʮ޾ĸǣʩ֮£һƬƬϺɫķ˿Уʵ֮УƷ籩ʼ
Ƭɽȱħħڣ޷䷨һɢ֮һƵķշ裬ΧѸ˳
꣡޴ƲȻ˿Χħɵƶʱһ𵴵֧˿
ӿױӿ֮漴ͻɴƬ˷һ˲ͽƬħ˿
ҶԱѾ׼һƣЩ޽һȻҳȺܼĵطͷ˳ȥħͬͷŵķ˿һһƬĲҡ
ѵҶرģȿħҲܹƵħ
ԣⲻͨħܹ˵ģǣҲҪ𵴵ʹȥ
ţдƬƬÿһըὫս֮иһƬɵƼľ˿ֲ
ħ£Ϊǵʴƥ紵ɢĵħҲ£ΪͷԼ򵥵ĿȻħħһ󣬵ǱӪľȻɲΪ塣
Ҷħ޿Ƶħ
ƾ˴Ƭ׹ⲻͣ˺ħ֮Уħ๥Ƹضˣʣ嵽ǰĵħȴֱ߰ɽ赲סˣӪʦչ˼׿Ľֵսˡ
Ѫſ֮еĵħǸոտ֮ûбʼƻĵڣֻԹ֮УȻʮӰһ֮£ʮ籩ǵը˻


255 ħ
ѵ𵴲ñһָɽţЧԸŵħۼƤǵϣֱӾͰسűˡ
Ⱥħܵ˿֮Ӱ죬ѪЧȫѪ쳣ŵ۷嵱ڣЩ籩ǵУͳѹձһˡ
ѵһը֮£ԭͲظѪˢˢر˿Щһʱͬһ͸ķ֮󣬱һžͲȱһ㣬͵زҽһͬʱ罦һɹѪȻ۷ֱǰҡҡλεˤڵˡ
еѪŵ޵ĵħһ֮£򶼱ر˳ģҵ˼㡣
ȻûҲѾɥʧеսֻܹô˵ϲͣس鴤š
һһƬ
˲ҵѪȳˮƽšŵȵ޲ɫףŮתͷܵһŻ
ħȫõĳ͵ıֱսݺ۳޵еģ⧲֮¾СӵԹ֮к󣬱̾ͱ˴룬ǱЩʦ۶ɵĸ䷨ս֮󣬺ţֳֳì̵ʦеĶСı»裬磬һɲǼͽȺƤĵħֱӳһ̲Ѫ⣬ٶȿþˡ
ȵһħ֮󣬶ںλһֱϵħ١
ҶԵħһƳ£ǴӽֵսĹ˼ƳģʮֵĶ񶾣Ŀռǡ㹻ӪڵģħһӴ󣬳淴ţһֶ񶾵ĵνӪĵսӵ˼£ħһսȴѹƵ˼ޣ˳֮£Ч֪ˡ
һӹĵħսʿڳս֮תۼʧӰ٣ͬţ뺣һ㡣
֮£ȴѾ˳ͷβսˣһسȫս˼ȻһرϽ󷨸׽
ҶȭķʽݴεԷսȻȺħǴɾͷܡ
ħĿжȻʮͷޣÿͷ޵Ļ¶һĺ
ʮͷķǱħסǣֲЩ޲ƻȱ㡣
ৣԹ֮жسʮϬƥĽ⣬һͽͷ޸ʳʮ顣ʮħȴ·ɽи
ͬʱӪ֮͵ڿճʮִӰЩӰ֮һ޺
ΪӪеľӢսʿھĵӶõҶĴڣۼѾ¯ˡ
һɴִۻƥƣɢʮѾھħҽжûзȻͱôһɢˣ
һɴִħһ˵Ⱥ֮УͼɱĵڣΧȻɳ˼Ѹ⣬ݺݵͶ˺֮С
⼸ڷɽƥܹниħȻǲڻˣת֮£ͷħȡֱλûȥ
Щλöʮֵĵ꣬ħѼĵط
ͷħͳ챬һ¶˿еɭɭڿһɫݰ㼱תƬ֫߶Ȼ˿·߷Щɽ
ոյ֮УԵؼʮָɣͷħͳӲҲᱻж˿ġ
Ҷ૵صħӦѾʥΪˣ
Χȴɳ˼ץɿزֱۺʹȣԱ߶Ȼĸھĸ֣ǣץڳһ֮һ˷ѹ˹
ʱͽͷѾʥĵħͳôסˡ
ͷħڷĵڣԱȴسһڸһ׶εȭӡһȭСλá
ͷħͳһ𣬱һƬѾ͸ĶȭڱͬʱɫѪֻߵֽӿ͵ļڷɽȴǵһ£һͽħи˼飡
սڶ೤Ŷŵĵӣ޵üһںͼóɽڣȻܽһͷħУҶ
Ҷõһʱ֮侹Ȼо޴ĸоȻţá
ţԱٴγһɴִƥĺɺոտս֮У漴ͱһɴشɢˣ¶쳣ǿ׳ĵħЩħżǿѪǺơ
Щħǵħ֮еĸ֣ħ
ħд⣡ҶҧһɲǼ䣬ѾȺħ⡣
ոƾħ֮£Ⱥͷħ״صİΧͼħ֮еĶһŤתս֣
ͷħһأȭŲ֮£ʦѪ˿ǰصڶ˿
û⼸ͷħɱ䣬ҶŭһѾȥ죬ס⼸ͷħ죡
˵֮䣬ҶѾԱ߳˹סͷħ񶷳һš
Ա߶¡ˮɵʥӼ״æҲȥס⼸ͷħ
ħ֮еʥеʥͬħеʥǿǿط棬ǿ󣬷ؼ̣ʸǿĿ£һ㣬Ա仯ĪȭΪ
ˮȻ
ԹƳɵĹǽһָ֮£ƾպȻһ˶ޱȵˮͷħΧסˡ
̺֮ˮƥ罺һ㣬ֳܣƾͷħӵǧ֮Ҳ޷Ÿ֮һˮΣ


256 ɱħ
һһЯһ׳ħͶ˺֮УЩħΪϣһ֮׼ʼƻˡ
Ҷɫؿ⼸ͷħ¶һ˿м֮ɫ
⼸ͷħȻ书ĸǿǰҶѾ㶨ˣҾ˺ܶεû©ôһ
ӪӪ֮дӴʮѾʥΪĵѾݳԼԪ
ʮΪʥĵǣΪһ飬һʥΪĵӣַ̧ųһһ֮£һ˶׳ƥˡ
Ҳ׷׷ųе۳һԳ֮η
һ֮漴չ˰צų⼸ͷħ˺ҧ˹ȥͼͷħʱҵزһš
⼸ħȭƣ򱬳ˣץӳһһˡ
ϧľޱȣһӴ֮£⼸ͷħͱ˶ؾסˡ
ৣһѩĽ⻮Ӫأ߰˸ħͷ­ͬʱҡһ˵ˣͷûɵķҲϬĽ˿
ʮʥվڿУơ
⼸ͷħ㲻ãǱЩûɵķ޸ס֮Ա߳͵Ϯʥӣɽһ֣˴÷޶նɱ
ԸħõĿǣʥ
ӪľСɵ쾡֮£̾Ϳסҵĳˡ
ͷħԼ¾ѾɱʱսˣתԾ׼Ҫߡ
ܣҶӿз
ͷħͳٸغ֮Ҷһǹľ޵ôľش˹ȥˡ
ҶָԼһž˸һץץͷħͳ󸫣
ץ
֮⣬ħͳĴҶһֻ¾Ȼץ÷飡
ħͳʧɫûתܣҶһԾ֮£˲ϢѾϵǰ
Ҷֹ̧شķһϡ
Ҿ
ħͳǰۼױ˿ҽһӿһͷԵ˵ϡ


кȻһЦΧ˷ʼ쳹ݣ
صϿ֮жʱһŨħƸ˸ţɫȻʼ쳣ڰ
ҳҶһŭ
һ֮£ͷ϶Գһ޴ƹ⣬ΧĿռʱһӸסˣеħһɨգ
кȻҵ֮ʮ͹ħ֮з
ãҶһ̧־ͼ˵ڤԪӡȺһܼħոշٵ˰;֮УͱڤԪӡϵԪݺˢһ£쬵һʱͰѿмͷħ໹ֽУһͷͷףҵ
ҶתԪűӡ֮£ʴǵԪһҵػ֮£ͷħʱͱڻˡ
ӱ͵ϮҶֱһȭͺͷħڣȭⲪȻ֮£ͷħҽһķ˿
Ҷҹⱬͷƹ֮УһɫĺγɵĹɨħ֮Уɫɨ֮£ξ޴ĴħǿȻ˲˿
Ѵ֮һ֣ҶЦеĵڤԪӡһֻ֣һѾͽħ˻С
ܣգҶȡһֻɫĺ«һ֮£׼⼸ͷͼۼĴħһҡΡ
ɱ¾γɵ֮ӿЩħʱһ˺ѷεزҺ
ǵѸɢ֮Ԫ֮ľ˺ˣ˵Щħˡ
һɹɱ¾ִγɵԸغɨķһħĹһ㣬ħƬ֮У̾ͱ˸ˡ
ˣǶץҶһ߷ͷħͳ죬ص
̳˼ƻĵӣӥȸһ㣬ͽͷɥʧսĵħͳùùǣô
Ҷڿ磬ּٻζ֮£һȭͷȻʥħ񶷳һš
ͷħڿ۶һħҶȭһ֮£ʱɢ˿
ͷħҲ쳣Ľթ֣ҲֻԶԶس֮ٿͣʩչҶԶѣͲһʱͰҶǱ
ħڿмҳͻҶڿҵض񶷳һţһʱ侹Ȼѷʤ
ৣҶһ֮£нɳһ޴ĵӭͷײ
ˡһͷħ⧲֮£ײһյİ׻֮£ɽ֮жʱһƬ޴
ҵضսƻʱ֣쳣صĵħڳȥˡ
˴εħռķ֮һĵħ̤棬ʣһʦУһʦˡ
ӪĵҲƣ۲̱Ͼ
ҹĻȻѾˣħһ͵ħһĻʱڣҶεˣô᲻ӦķֲΧʮ޴ħϣ˿ɢŵİ׹⣬ҫķԲǧһ㣬ܹ˵۾Ϲˡ
Ӫĵ˶һʵ֣ڵסħɢĳҰ׹⣬ȸ˰׹⣬ܱҹս
ҶһѾõı£ɫ쳣侲ɨΧĻѪȣɫΡȻ
һȺĺһĴȻΪǵʵҶЦҡҡͷ
ʣһһصĲħһ壬ڵ쾳޵ǸɳԪеķɽʼйϿ˵
˽ĵħ֮ҶɨսӪϢˡ
˴Ӫ֮˵ӪҲǶǶ쳣ǿ׳ټҶƼʱ÷ò˶þܹȬˣҲӰս
Ҷַɳ˵ڤԪӡսɢıܵɴ֮£׷׾ۼ˵ˡ
ɴִħʶײˣҲҴȥҲҴңˮһӿȥ
սϳƽϢ


257 ޴
ɽսϣһӶӪʦڴɨսЩħһʬ嶼ٻˡ
ħʬҪȫзٻ񣬷һǿɲġ
Ӫ֮еƻ磬ҶУвѪ˿ԱһӪĵһᡣ
ΣҶ⣬ޣߵ
ͳ죬Ǵ˴ܹɱħһǧֻħǧֻɻĸɫһǧǴ˴ٶʮˣİٶˣȴһ²УЩ˵ֵܹ֮ܿսˣ˵ֵֻҪȥ֮Ҳʲô֢ˡһ˷ܵػ㱨
һĨݵɫָҶݵĽԸӵĵز
ʵԶڼ֮ϵĵˣһֱ漣ˡ
úչЩ˵ֵܣϧ˵ĵҩȥ֮۹͡Ҷƣػ˻֣Ƕȥ
ϲϲϲҶֻ˴ʤؿ컹ʲôǰ԰ڣ
ԱڶǸɫܣһʱ񣬾һֱںĳա¡ӰɵĵҲ׷˹Ҷء
ҶǿЦŻӦһ⼸СȻЩ͵ˣڹؼʱ̳ˣһζĵ͡
˵ƽնħҲ˲٣Ҳɱ˲գۣȫħɽƷӵʱҲʵǸŻˡ
ھ⼸ս⼸Ҳˡ
Ҷ֣˴ܲôںˡ֮ɫ˼صҲҪһȫƾҶַԸ
ˣףսƽնħ£ôĳλҲǵһءҶָ̧̧֣һ¿δɢħƣȻҪһˣλµĵӣĻæ׷ɱһΧħħ˵ܽɻһħء
ãҶֵķԸ̳ʱϲ
λҪСˣĿ϶мҪ򡣡ҶüģðɣǸɵĵҲطֿˣȫɢ˻ӪУһ۹͡
ǼλҪȥɱħĻȰǼλûǶһȥϱмǣǧҪ̰ðħһǺܽթġ
ǰҶô˵ĻǼ϶ϣһʤ֮󣬼ɵĵѾҶһˣĻŲɡ
ã˾ȫҶֵķԸŵĴһ֮£ʱͷϲȥˡ
ҶԹۣ⼸Сɴ˴Ҷϱźܴ˼Ҷ˴ʤҲзһ
Ҳ֮飬бӹӣһ뵽Ҫ⼸һæԸأҲͲôˡ
ŴӪ֮еϢһش˹
Ӫ֮гըˣ˶޳ܸŭˡ
ҶɳĴҪ˵ҩзȣЩܾˡ
⻹꣬еĵĻ˵Ȼ֪ܵذҶĹռΪУµһ˶ʼ۹Ӣ˵õ֮޳ƨͣͷˡ
ְɣְɣøߣˤصʱ򡣡ҶԶϦһĨϬĹâ
ţȥɵˣԷħǴ͵Ϯ˻ȥߴһϰȺͷ͹Ҷûһģ´
Ҷһôվβߴ󣬵ӰƺѾԽΧɽ
ҶתصԼӪ֮УźͶŵļʦֵϲżħħرȽҫ
Ҷ⣬Ҷİ̵֮һŨˣǼ͵͵˵ħк󣬼ʮ׷ħǴĴӪ˹֮󣬳Żңܵ˺͵Ϯƾеıɵʮͷħᵽʮħһȥ֮󣬾͵۹ͺʹҫıǮˣܹģ
Ҫǣܹڴһս֮гױס
Ҷ˹
ϳһħ˹ҶֵףҶ֣ǰЩħǵǧģ⼸ħǴѾˣΪȴü
ⲿĵ˺ýڲأҶЦ
ϳɫʵҶ֣ʲôˣ
ȺͷѾҪùˡҶݺһûʯͷϣǸ˵ȴŶҩˣȥܹס
дɵĵӶʱζըˣϳƢǻ𱬣ƿڴô˵û뵽ôɣ
Ӷˣ沼ָӡ
شͳ죬һֱԮҪȺͷҲһֱӡɥָԼӵҸۣ˴򣡡
Ҷͷ΢΢һ͹ԱߵӪڼֵζըˡ
ãɵúðܺãҼסˣҶ۾ޱ飬˵ͷ˻ӱӵȥߣ˸˴һ־ͨƵʿ
ǡӺ׵ĴЩΪˡ
ţҶһһ˿⡣
ǡǸʱ֨ˣѸٵȥһһسħ˳˹ȥ
ٺ٣׳գΪĵɽˮĵزô
ֻҪҸ㹻ɺͽڶѡ
׳գͼذ׼ˣڻ䵽ҵˡ
Ҷ뵽߻һĨƵ΢ЦŵаϬ


258 ɱ
ԱߴϵĺףҶзЩǸΡ
ͳһɽͷݸ
鷨ͷɽʹ͸ġҶס˽⣬תУ赭дص⼸ȴˡ
лͳˡϲæӹɽ
ϸѡģթ޳ܣαƻ˵ǼǧթһҶҪıװ鶼
Ӣôɵģһǿǿǿ
ߵģҲкݺˤ˹ȵ׵ġ
ͺñȺ컨ҪҶС
ҶȻܹߣôΪȺͳȵ϶ˤ˹ȵס
Ӧá
һֱԮãܺãȻˣ㲻ʣҲ壬ûţҿôƹħˣҶ΢΢۾漴ٻһӣȥպֻսɢһҥԣסһҪͻǵĹʹǸٺ٣ʱĺʱ򰡡
ͳӢԱ޵Ӵϲ˵ͷ
ҶһĨâ

˵ĴӪ֮еģо֮ڣƱ̸Ц
պе˴֮պƽرɳ˶컯ԴŴķǰ͡
ϯպʿ켫֮ʡ
պԭԴɵˣԴһɢޣպ⴦Ȼĵλãʹɢ޵һۼĽ׳ͷƱһͬΪľͷڴ˿ɡ
ƿͨպȻһֱλɵʮڵĩβǾ͵ƾôһ֣ǿҲ׾ٵظǽ𣬵պȻͷҲ٣ǱϾ̫һضǱŵ͵硣
ʱ˿̣еݵͲˣʮڵλãȨգֵµ˴ʤͷϾһӢĹ⻷˰̣㶼Ҹˡ
ҶһֱĬ̬ȸӵĽᣬǱ䱾˿ͨеķȡ
컯ٱЦ벻ֳܹ˴ʤشħʮ
ʵǿˣ˵ףЩħϾħԶԶȲɵЦ
ĵڣʱ˿̣ȴһʮֲʱ˵ʹ򶷵
ҾҪպеʿǵ棬һǡҶŭطһȷ⼸һ
űһ˺˿¶澪㵵ڶ͡
ҶѪ죬¶ѪҲ쳣ãһ֮£ҶɷӪеˡ
ҶɱڵģвɵЩǿЦվҶ֣ʱˡ
ƨҶһѶƱһѪؿ
һ仰Ҹ㡣
ܿҶɱڵ񣬿ڵҶ˵
ƥӣıҶŭžһѾƱˤ˸顣
ԱڶɫһӱüѿҶŭ⣬ȴһ仰Ҳ˵ˡ
ȲȻرܿ񣬸ɿһҶʲô˼
Ҷ۳죬һ䣬˼ߴˣΪʲôԮǣʮħǴ֪ǳ˶ѹͨ⼸ǧˣܴ򼸸
ɫ࣬ڨڨصȣҶְǻԭҲħ٣ҵħǴû͵ϮԣһֱԴҲ
治ɫ˵˳Ա߼ɵĵӣشͷ
ҵĺãһ䣬㲻ԮҲˣһ䣬ҪȺͷΪʲôһֱλҶ
ĿϬһ㣬̵ֱЩڡ
һʼ˵ͨɶðҪȫ֣ҲˣһӪֵսħʮĲǸȥˣ˾ںӰħǴˣȺƨûɵ˵ȴ֪ܵռӵĹͣãûˮ̣ͨɵ˶Ľգͭ޺˴ѶΣΪʲôԮҵĹˣӪֵܺ磡ǲǴȫ
Աߵ컯һжˣϽһɫת֮дżεıĺͲм
رӣزм
ɫ࣬촽ҪƱ缸䣬Ҷ絶һ仰Ҳ˵ˡ
ãûָɳԮܵаɣûûȵôħӲ˴ߴ˼ȺͷǲǷҪͨɵĵӶû⣿⾿쿹ħǶͨɣ
Ҷ顱һѽˤڵϣŭ쳹ӪأŭѾӪ˶˹
ǰѪɱȴں˷粻Ȳ˵ռ˹ͣȻͨɵĺȣҶӣŭôĻôϾͳߣ
ڳ˶Ƕû뵽ҶȻ쭡Ūʮ²̨
ɫѿȴƫƫ˵ʲôˣ⼸εжȴѾǸҶ˿ʵ˶Ѿ״ˡ
ڳϵɶЩһ䷴ĻҲ˵ˡ
Ҷȷ̫ſˣ˼ſıǮħʮħԼƾӪˣƾ֮ƣ˼˵Ĵʤ˭
ҪֶҶһѵģû뵽ҶȻֱӴе鶼˿˵ݺݸһǶ⡣
ɿһΪε֧Ҷ֣ʵ㣬ʵǵʳ·߻⵽ԡ
ƨ̵ģ·Ӫڵһߣôˣһˣֻʳ󷽣Ȼ͸˵
Ҷŭ֯ģȴ˵
Ҷ쳹⣬Χ϶Щÿˡ


259 㷭
˵˻޲úݺݳԼһͣҶָȴһ仰Ҳ˵ˣһЩ׽СҲоɵʵЩ
ҵĺܺãô֣ʥҲУʥҲȱͳͳǸʲôԵģټǧʥȻһȶͲʱټȷ˵ôͨϾͳ⹷ƨˣǣҶһйˣȻƲһۣתˡ
ӷ·˼Ѫһ㣬̵ʲôɫС
ͨɽʤսʵǶʺ޽֮£ôһʵû뵽Ҷֵε侹Ȼᵱ쭣ʹʵЩ²̨
Ապ̼ҵӣ⼸˷׷׵ҥԣԴһֱǰŰɣǼʶҶ֮󣬺֧֧ıҲ֤ʵµԭί
һʱ䣬ҲŭͶļ
컯վɫվֵ֣һ£ˡ
֣
컯͵תע֣պ̼ҽʳΪǳﱸȺͷΪƽϢħ٣ѵԳ˽ģǳħ˵һѺְ
ʱסˣζû뵽ôһʵ˾ȻҲԼˡ
еı֮ͷϵĹ⻷̾ͻһʺʺƵġ
ɲҶŭܸɳѾǸԼڿȥˡ
һһףæ˹һ·׷⣬סҶĸ첲ȫҵҶҷģϵеȡһŶ˫ǣ
ֻǹİɣսѾʧˣҲսˣʮиƨãܹһҶ͵һ˦첲Ц
Ҷ֣ͷˣѾ´еȺͷ͵ɽ֮УҲʡðŷաˡ컯ص
ôһһ֮£ʱŪӣҪ̲סڸȥˡ
Ӫ֮ļ˿һʱԷ׷׶
ο⻼ˣոǬյƽѾմһͨ籩ĳùѪͷˡ
Ҷһ֮£һŰҲеüۣ֮Щ̧ͷĸо
ζû뵽Ȼ㵽ֵز
Ѿǳ׷ŭɲʲôè˿ʵˡ
ʲôè壬˵ԼɾͰ涼Ѽȥˡ
õȺҪķͺܿ͵ˣһǰԭ鶨µģӱ͵ģһֲһֲ٣
ȻѾ˿ʵưͳԻ黹ǱҶ˴һ֮ٴɢ˳ȥв쳹׸ݵľͷ
˸ոճˣڱҶôһ籩ش֮£ȴѾʼķѵͷαʵЩưͳԻп˵
ѾҥԴˣΪ˶ͨɣųôһˣӾҲĨˡ
պж˽ѾʧӾ͸Щպ̼ң׷ֱӾͶȷֱ͵ҶӪ֮У񶼲ˡ
ǰȺͷպʿǱǰСɽһħˣҲͨӪӵսָˡ
컯ս֮תһȦصĵħħʬһ
Ҷ漴ʹ˺ı֮ⷿˡ
ŶѻͬСɽһı컯զҶֿ˵ãȻɻôı׼δЩ
һʱ仹ûáҶתͷ컯ʵ֪ʲô𣿡
ЩõؽͶɵı൱պչɣ㿴Ρ
һŰм۰ɣպʳģҲǲסҶЦһ
ðɣǾҶˡ컯жҶøС
պҲһֻ֯Ͻ˴˴λսûɳʿսǸȫĺɵӳսĻᡣ
ҶԾر͸һЩֵֶ̫ǮԷ͸һҪ𵽵á
Ҵ˴λ׽ʮħҲպдˡ
ǾԲŹκһܹĻᣬֻҪסᣬܰǸ͸һֻ㵽ǳ׳Ϊֹ
Щ޵֮е̻ҶҲͶұħһıõĶϡн಻˵ʮ㣬ҶһŶЩ԰Щ̻ҽ˴ս֮󣬶ԸΧħħľ鼼ɣ˲ӣ͸Щ̻жøС
һսһעˣǼкøеġ
պ˶ҶºˬǴɵӵķ緶ͨŴɵķ緶
Ҷһ֮£ͨɵʱһʱպǣһʱ
һͨ˲Ĵָ˵һ䣺ɵɵķ緶ţ
ͨɵ죬ɣʱ˿̣ȴǻУ൱ڹֵһˡ
ѹⶼһѵڣ֪ܵؽѵĹռΪУ̫ˡ
ոհԼƽһǧﴫĸճ˿ȹϵһˣڳ˵ʱûбͷֻζͨɣͨưͳԻп˵û뵽ͨɵļδʤ֮󣬴ķЧȴǽʵʵظһĶ⣬¡


260 
˵ʱЩСɾѾͨɲΪȻŪֵزǶӵˡ
ζû뵽ͨһһĴӣȴȻԼݽȥˡ
ʱ˿̵Ķɽһ֮
ħǴĵĲٽҲӪĵӸش˻ȥӪڵĵ˵Ĳ٣
⼸εĴٽҶ¼ܵƣʹħǴıխƸչټЩȱ˴µķºԹ֮£ϴ˵ħء
ǺźǣħǴУûһħܹص塣
ʧȥ˵ħڻħΧЩͷĺ
ӪĵҲù˵϶ˡ
ǺҶµıǮ㹻ʹȻƲᣬȴôסһ¡այɵĵҲ׷ױʾͶսɵ£СҲ˶ɽоͰš
ҶŰ߼űѪ߰ߣüͷؿǰĳ˺һѪãԼħ
⼸ħΪƵɳСɵĲʩչɧԵĹ
ҶҲǳصģɳ˴ʥΪĵӣݳԪѲߡЩʥƾеɽЩСɧŵĲӻϵӴ򹷡
ոյһٽ֮УҶʿ䣬ʥĵħͳ죬һͷʥĴħһԸʹЩûҵ
Լദ˺ۿſҪͦסˣҶۣҪٻ͸æˣǿͷʥĵħСЩħħϵ˵ؽ֮ɵƻָΪ
ʹѾɹħٵҲЩ˺
ҶǴ˵ļģٻȴֹô
Ҫ֪ɹ˲ħٵ֮壬Ȼܹ֫ȴʮֵ;Ϊܻɼصĺ֢˾򲻿á
˹һеӡ
ҶͷҲأʵʲô飿
ͳˣڵĵˣһó֮ó֢Ƶħϸ֮
ҶҲͷֻǵͷǻ˾ͺãǾʲôҪ˵ˣǸϽȥΰɣҲзã
ҶҲɣһڣֻǷԸһ
Ӫկ֮дܼĽŲˣʮɫĵ۵۵ʿ˽ǵĵ¾ֵͼ񹬵ı׼ۡ
Ϊ׵һӢȻ졣
ҶͳԺȣǰĶŵӣ̸ֹȴǼзȣΪ֮ۡ
񹬵ŮӼҶ˴޵֮ɷȫͬˣ޲һ
Ӫ֮У˵ӪȶѪ߰ߣԱ߼ŮתΪǰζˣ⼸Ů񹬵ĵ֮רħǴһģЧֻƬ̵ĹҶ͸о˿ϵ˿˿̸ͱγ˳ټȬѸپͻָ˴ˡ
˶మĽӢۣ񹬵ļݵŮݺݺ࣬ǳ̸Ӫĳ羴ĤݣʹƴʤӪӸӵƸ߰
񹬵еҲһ߸̸һߴЩӵĿȡǵսʽ
͵͵׻ˣʱ䣬вӣ涼ءһеӵļϣݸһӣǼͳ˵ˣֻҪ漰ɻܵʱش𡣡
⼸еӽ˹εЦЦˡ
ЩԴģѣ̫󣬴ȥҲǻŹ档Ҷ˰ֵű󣬹ս£ԼѧɣҶţ֮ܶˣܱȶҪá
ڵ壬ҶˡǸ˹ЦҶ֣ѾһٶʮƵŮӣҶֶһ
ɵҽɵ֮пһЩħһ϶ħȴһֱȬҶͷлˣɵڵؽħмĿãѩ̿ţһЩŮӶŵ棬ˮƽŮǺסһ𡣡
Ҷ˵ﻰЦĻҶܹԼս;ޱشڸɣؽǣǴɵ磬˵ʵҺǵõָ㣬ɻ֪Ҫʧʦֵܰˣһ竲ݰ
Ҷ۾ʵŶ֣˴ǰûоͬɣ
ٺЦݰ쵰ѵסô˴ԼҪģҶôһ㣬Ѿķˡ
ɢúãɢٺٺٺ١ߣӪħǴսҲˣȫ˿ʮǰɵ˺ôģҶ΢΢¶һ˿Цĵ׻ɢ˰
ЦЦǺǣҶ֣ȫָˣ֮˴һֺˡ
˾ǰ׳գΪԼѾռ˴ˣʵȴǳ˴嵭ЦԼҵ˱ɵʵΪռ˱ˣȴǶɵӵܣһΣѾǳ׵ķϵˡ
˵˵̸̸֮£ĵõΪͶ
ڴ˴ɳĵӴΪÿ˶䱸£רſħһħ
Ҷڵĵӷֳ˼ʹػصսߵԪƮԷӵ˼£ν͵ϮħǴ
ڼܵ˶ɽ֮ǰʵο˼ΣԼҵĵӶˣ˵ͨˣӪĵͿˣȻûһɫģһӣƥ
ʱƣоˡ


261 ս
鼫Ĳá
ͨɵҶ񹬵壬ڵһߵ죬ݱսƷʼԴԴ˵ش֮󣬳˹֮⣬ҲһһǵĶһݺݳӵϣһĸо
ȴ֪Ϣͨպ֮ȴѾֹϢˡ
ɣǿ
ͨɵĵӶڵһߣ
ͨɵĵӽݣӲħǴȴǼȣԮ޳ܵؿҫԼĹ͡
ͨɽħǴߴ͹ȴں󷽶Ͼȷ֧Ԯ
պнݶķ׷׶񶾵ҥԣԽԽףȻħǴݺͨɣɵʮɵһʵ
һһ䶪۵˼ҥԴݶ˵ħˣҥѾպƽ̶Ѿ׾ˡ
֮еһŰ裬ȫɵɵӵķ緶޵֮кܶ˵ķУЩҥƲ֮£ǰɶƵ˼ˡ
ɫΪѿҶһ仰û˵һνһεĽݱʤɻɶѵħǱֱһǼĶϣ˵ֱͳĪķ̣ȫ˶оĲڡ
ΧĸɵӾӢټʱ򣬾ײһЩӣжضһ˿ĲȻһЩϵ൱ǢɾӢҲ⡣
ҶȻԲ˳Ѿڲ֪֮Уʵʵڵʵսôذ׼ܿˣټպе컯ڱ֧֣ٲȻѾ˵֮
ÿһʤͨɶᱻˢһ⻷ǱĨһѺڡ
Ҫˡ
ˣ̫ˣ
⻹ҪģҪĻ䲼
ֵµԭµĸɣԴ̬ȴ඼ԿʱӶ࣬ɵŵǣȻ֮ҲôӲط䣬ʰ죬оĲڣһֱ׽ŵ첨ȥ֧ԮҶȥˣˡ
Ϊһÿ춼ܵҥ֮м尾
һӼߣܹܣ
ô죿Ҷ϶˵ɳĺ£ɫÿһŸоΧһͶԼϵĿ·Ӭһ㣬Ĳڡ
֮УĵǼ˹ֵһ˼ȵĲˡ
˺󷽵һصլԺ档
ɫؿΧĵǡ
֮бţȴԵ˺ܶ࣬ҲѪ˿
ʦ֣ڸô죿ŷ粻ʵǰǰӼǶǵͷģڵˣҶôһ֮£ûһԸ̸ģǸû취ˣʦ֣ڶҪ߽ˣǶƽ̵棬ֻ»ȥ֮ƽҲˡǣ
ⷬԱ߼ĵɫҲѿ
ˣҾˣվͳս͵һӣ۳죬ҧгݵص
Աߵŷ粻ʦ֡ƽ̵˼ǣǾأɴͷ󡣡
ôȥֻɵˣΪҶյʡ͵ĵƣñɴͷԹҲͰˣڵãҶƾ⼸εĴʤͱ㴰ֽƤģҧгݵصûһʲô˵ҲôģҲûثôȥûȥȥˣ
ĵӻһۣ漴̾ϢһôȻˣʦ֣Ǿͳսɡ
̧̿һŵͼָָħǴѾʶ˶ɽǸӲͷѾת˹λó˴ߺߣھҪҶǹҶҲĻˣ
˵зһĨɫҧгݵصټеĵӣɵĵҲɹսߣҪ֪Ҷֶȫ

ĿҰ֮Уҷɱ
һӶ۵ĵվԭҰ֮Уɫ¡
ĵһ£ϵӫһ㣬һһģеıҲǹ⻪Ŀ㲻Ҳķ
ڱҶ֮£ħǴʶ˶ɽһ鼫ԿƵӲͷֻתĿ꣬ʼԭĵطˡ
׳ɽħǴһˣħ𡣶һ˵Ϊ׵ħˣ档
أǰħǴЦǴĶαѧͨЩֶΣߺߣҪЩСɶףΪʲôɵһɣ
䣬޵ˢˢеһʱ貶Ŀɵķ緶
ΪĵҲѧҶǰ㹹£ڿ˵ֵһᣬƾ֮а䷢ӭս
ȻˣǾսɣ
Ҷһߣ͵Цٺ٣ħǴѹʱ֪ǹûǲˣٺ١
ǰ׳յ㣬ħһȱı˵ħǺηսΪ٣ѰҰսʱҲˣЩսĵħһǳҲܹ˲ƽˣ˵Щүˡ
͵ħ֣õĵƾӦʵӵĵϣڰԼľȫڿĵشǲǴô
ħôҲôˣôܲս֮ã
һ֮жȻɳһֻɫĴ󻷡


262 ѩϼ˪
׳ɽһƶħǴսڳ˵ɫЩѿ
۷ֱؿǰͷŵļҪըˣһκˮĶͷϻǣζ̡
ɽľǰǿ޵ߣҲоԼС
ҶҶֱ˿̣Ҳ㾿˶ôѹкȻðһŹֵͷǲף㵽ôħģ
ϺȻӿһĨѪ죬һ
ͷϵĽɫֺȻ˵쬵һ£ڿлһɫƥݺݵħǴ֮С
ɫıȻһƷıľֻ֮һ֮£ػһƬĿյأ֫ϱҷɡ
ɢıҫԲڵĴŹϿеһЩħֲ֮¶ʱͱⱦڻ˿
Աߵĵǣ߷ɳ˫ʮıͬݿһؿʼħ֮չһ߶ɱˡ
ħǴľһɲǼͱ֮һ
Լıͷӿһɷˣʹڵ֮пɱ
ɫľݱͬľһ㣬ħƬƬؿ
дعЦȻоЩ
˵Ľʮڹħӿ£ƿⷽҵؽһţĻ𻨱
˵еĽͻʮħǶǡ
ͻȻͣȴܲסǵȺʮħҲһ󷨣ڵĵתݣָΧС
ģжʱּŭæʮħֵ
ʱ˿̣һīĺƵ
ͷħӿ͵һζ֮£ƴطһһŵĺݺݵסЩɨı
Щħ൱ھΪټϵȻһʱвƴ֣ʮͷھĴħ֮£ҲѹƶԷıˡ
ıס֮󣬿еħһһŵȺ֮УһȺȺĵħѸپͱӳ˷֮໹ֽţӴԱһԾɣ¡¡ѹ˹
ĵǶʱûƵĵħе޸ɽ֮رʼһ·ʹ֮ѪɣӲؾҳһƬѪͨˡеħҲ˹һһħһȺӶ˻ʧȵȡ
ĵǱħǴӭͷˡ
ȴħǵĴͷһʹ˹ĵһӾͱ׳˿ת֮䣬񺿵Ӿ˴롣
ǰսСɵĵԭϹǺţѾӿ񱼣һһܵÿ졣
ոշջԼı֣ǰɽҵĳʱҲˡ
˻ŭҪˣҪ˿ͣ
ѾɢģΧħĹЦ͵ħŭѾû
˿쾳ʦǱħΧһţͱ˷ħһצ˹ˡ
ɽ
ȵħɱֵ֮лʣӡ
Ҫ֪ոճ֮ǰӸɵĵӿʮ
ͨɵ緢ʱ˿ֵ̣֮ѾһƬꡣ
Ӫ֮е˲ʿ޺е˲ʿǶ񶾵
ܹͶɶǱһ޵룬ȴѾ˲ˣҲǴǽԵ
һеĶ
صĸԭһ񶾺Թ޵ĿͶڱϵ
еĵӼʧ˴룡
ĿɱˣǿеְλѾǧˡ
սӵԼҵӣħɱжʱһĸо
ħǴҲû̵˶ٵıˣϾĵһķҲټϺ󷽻вٷɽһħǴᣬɱһǧ˰ˡ
Ҷʱ˿̣ȴǶһ͵Цѣ첨˴ηЭҶȥˣԲû̯һ顣
ĵӣѾɣǱĻıҲͷħؾˡ
ļһЩŵСɽʵʵسһưͿеˬһ顣
ڣ֮УֻʣսǿͨӪڵ£ʵıȽˡ
ʹʲô
𣺾Ҫ¶һʱƫƫͰƨ¶ˡ
õϢ֮Ҷ壬漴ʹ˷ظ˻
ӪҪľʦƼʱĻһЩʿͲ²мˣ˵ϣ
ҶôվؿһɵӣǱͷظϵڵӪ֮С
ҵľϵ·ѾòƲˣͷڣһһأͷҰ㣬ɫ͵ضڱ档
ԱߵɵĵҲǼǱ
ҹҶӪ޵סû˵͸ЩʿˣӪ˱ǵʹŭп޺ŰеһƬǽ塣
еͬʱָһĿ꣬Ǿ
һ춪˿Ƕˣ֮УҶһ仰Ҳû˵һָҲûУֻϢжǳĳӪ˱ĶĿϺݺͱһƤ
ɫҵӪ֮Уһ綹ͷɢͷ档
Ҷ֣Ҷˣ̧񣬵صڸôء
ô֪ô죿ǴƾٳӦǣ鲻ҹܡҶ䳰ȷص
·𱻴˼ǰ㣬صҶ֣֪ǰЩݣѾ˷ǳҪĹͷˣ¹ӵҶ֣㲻ܲܰ
ҶصͨڶɽħԳ֣влֻҲ鲻ˣҶԴҲǰĪ
ƤɫľҶ֣Ը⽫λø㣬⣬֮еĵӾִƣһȨĻҶ㡭
Ҷעû˵ת˳ȥ
̤ʱɵĵӶĬĬдŰ
ҶҲѾµʱˣҶôͬʦֵܣѾһδҲڶδˡ
ɵĵӴҲ˹ŵĵ˹صҶ֣ҲΪǰܱǸĿҶ˵ʵѡȻǷҶĪˡ
һаˣҶ֡ˡ
ɵӴȻعڵϣ


263 и
ǰڶڵصĵǣҶ֪ԼҲܹƴˡ
ɡҶ̧̧֣̾ϢһȻҶô˵ˣҲΪѣ⣬ӪĵӺڵĵӣڵڵһϣʣޡ޵óķΧȫʱҪϸһ£ĵҲϱ
ڳɵĵͷĿվҶ£ʼͳƵĹ
һɳһֱ֧ͻһ£һʿ⡣Ҷص˭ûУ
ûͷ
ɵĵҲ׷׵صͷˡ
Ҷ漴е޺޵ȫɢһ壬ʡñ˵Ǽٹ˽Ȼ·˷һ͹˹ȥ
ʵһ·湥һ·湥ͷӵĸɶӢһӣרżħǴҪλһͨ׷ʹ
ʵϣɵۼʵʵǳħǴģɱǾ޴ֻǻûȫܹӳô౦ˡ
ħǴرָʮ飬ɾˡ
ս֮˲صħǴڱ״ˡ
ħ˴ʱ˿̣ѾǱʵˣһֱΪñ߹ĵҲоûţûˡ
׵ˣѾӵǸ緢һūǿȥĸˣ£֧Ӧһ֧Ӧһ֧ӦˣֱӾȥⷿȡȥˡ
ǵصҥԣƽ̣һʱ֮ڣĵӸȥˣ۵˼ĵز
ǳԼµĿһ˼Ҫȡλãͳ˧Ⱥۣǽȴ۸ֵͣһǮû̵˵ȴһһͷش˹¶ħǴˮһսƷԼµĶ
緢ʱˡãȻˣ֪ˣյǷϵһͿ
ҹĻˣ죬һĹâڵȾһ˪
Ӫ֮һ쳣ϢӪկ֮⣬ٵ޴ţҫΧ硣
ҶһᣬӪ֮ѲΧӪʡ
һԵӪ֮߳˼µŮӣ⼸Ů񹬵ĵӣͨ䣬רſɷ֮רŸˡ
Ϊ׵һŮӻ˹Ц겻Ҷֿɵֶˡ
ҶȻתͷһɴҶ׾ٵϳˡ
Цע
㣿Ҷ۾ͷ빬˼Ļҵɣ겻ıˣΪ˲١
һ㱡ŭ֮ɫ
һѾȫ׵ǷˣҲǳˡ誳ĴָЦҶֹݵģɱ˲Ѫ
Ҷüͷ΢΢
ԼĶ䣬Ȼ誵Ŀһ˿
誣֪ңҲûҪȥͬ˰ɣҶգգ۾ûȻ
кβɣЦʵһʼһֱ㶼ѵǣһزԸ
ãããԭôģˡҶޱؿ˵ͷ漴Աߵĵӹ˹ָͳƵĵ˹
Ҷ˵ָصӣαܹ˶ˡ
Ҷӣ˴ιʮˣٶʮˣ߰ʮһˡͳƵĵޱһһٵصˡ
誵ɫ΢΢ס
ҶûСô˵ռ֮ΪħǴΪ޴ɵģ
ƿԡ
ֻһۣ˵Ƥëû˵ôˣ˼ǧĵӣеĲзˣеˣеʬ޴棡еĳ˷ӣҶ֮ɫǶôһ޴޿ɾҩĴȴ
誶ʱһ仰Ҳ˵ˣǰһŵݣоؿڱƵ쳣ܡ
ҶŭЦˣ뷽跨ŻѪȥ߻ôҶĻܹһһȻᱻ۳ĺݣǷ㣬Ͷء
Ҷ֣ҵǸ誳ĬƬ̣Ҳǡ
ʲôǣҶɫ࣬ݺݴĻٺЦǸ˵ʵһˣʲôǣЩӾͲˣͲĸģ
ƨ£˭ԼɵôҡأҶޱ飬ٺЦһʼŴѹУߺߣ֪ҪĴѹɹˣӪ˶ٵӣӪӵͲΪʲôЩϧЩ˵ĵӣ
ĬһĨȻ֮ɫ
ƥӣıҶһתߡ
׼صԼӪ֮УȻס˽Ų
Ӫկ֮ħ
߾Ҷ͵һ㣬λɻӰ˲Ϣͷħǰ޺ͬʱһȭңңػӻ
ͷ͵ϮӪصħʱһɢһͷħΪѾʥȫֵܹҶľ޺𣬵֮˻Ҷһȭ֮ڣȭһըȻ֮£ʱͽ˿
ͬʱӪ֮еҲ˹׷˻
Ӫȫ£ûҵ˭Ҳ׼ҶҶ赭д´
ĺһߴ׶ħ֡
Ҷͷħʵ
ҡ
Ǿͺãҵľ㣡ͷħȻһЦкȻɳһƬ״絶ĺ
ɫĺ׭һ䵶״ķһ֮£漴ʮ״ĲƣҶҵи˹


264 ͽ
ۿ⼸ɫиƳҶҵи˹ʶ֮еٻȻеҶܿиͨ
Ҷһ֮£æһԼĺԡ
һȦɫĹ⻷ĺ
ͨտɫľӴ͵ط˳һɫĹâеһиϯ˹
ӿԼǰһơ
֨
һɫľݲƺݺݵиϣ˼
ľ澹Ȼݺݵиһǳǳĺۼ
Ҷپһʶ֮дһɾиĸоˣиĲƲܹиľӵľܹ˺ʶ
û˵תܣһת׳ʮںĵ״Ķ
ʮ״Ķһħ֮УըһŵĺƣȻɢ˿еͷħ˿ûЩƷ¸¹Цţƾǿ͵س˹
ͷħմź֮󣬺ȻֽһȻѳʮ飬Ȼڿܽˣ
ƬھɫķӿƮƮ
еһźɫ͸ˮķһݵĹŹ䵶һŷһɫĸֱޡ
üһиͱٻ̽צһȵصЩħȻУһűһииĴͨκһֱ֮󣬶Ӫҷ𣡡
ַôҶŷص
ٻ͵ǵȻˣ˵иɣʵϾǧ֮һи֮ͨиͶӰÿÿһииͨͻķһĿ๦
ҶɫʱͱӪ֮˲
ħ֮ɵʮڵľͷ֮ĬģҲ˵ĵķˣɱӽǽֹʹõġ
һɵʮڵľͷ֪Ʊػһͷ֮Ĵս
ôԭֻһˣ⼸ͷħǱ˻ġ
ӪկΧѲߺͰڷ棬ҶǾŲԼȺģѲߺͰڵĶӪеĵӡ
ԼӪկ֮˺ܶİںͽƣκδħпܻƽƣǾĸ֪
һ޿ܵ뷨ӿͷ
ҶеķͷϽ͹һ
Ҷ⼸Ӫͳǰ߹·һڴϵһ㡣
ͳ춼˯֮бҶѵģ˯ãȻҶֻɫЩס
⼸ͷħúͻȻһ˼Ҷ赭дصûֻ½վҪˡ
״˹ǷԻʵͳ죬˵ʲô˵ɡ
ӪկΧζںѲߣӪģҲרħģôͱͷħǱˣҶһת˹ص
ãʵô£
ֻһԭӪѾ˸ˡҶתͷؿɫ΢㻹ʲôҪ˵ô
һɫ԰ף£ǿͳʲô˼Ҳ̫ס
Ҷ̾Ϣǲ̫ףǹװͿ
һҧӲص»ǲ̫ףͳ¡
ҶЦԭֻһʥ׵Ϊô̶̼յĹʥ۷壿
һ漴ҧҡǾս֮Լ򡭡ͻƿġ
ʱˣȻӲҶʥײʥ۷壬еĹҪĲǶ򣬶ǻۣϵطøŵرԪ㶼ƣ⼸ؾǰװ׶ɹˡ
͸һһܹͻʥɾͨؾ컯ûֵλãô
ҵضһ£Ȼ˫һһҶ£
ࣣۿԼ˫ȭѾҶ£Ȼо˫ֻһ·һȭһƤһ㡣
ҧȭͷˣȴоԼ˫۷·߸عס˰㣡
ֻҶǰһӿӿ˫ȭУʮɼ͵عסˡ
ҶɫΡȻĵһɹȻ߰˶һ޴һ㽫˸ţƾ޷Щ
ΪʲôҪңΪʲôҪңҶΪʲô
ϵļ鴤ţеӪʮ꣡мʮꣿۿӪҪ֣ȴˣ֪жôģ
Ҷصʮ㶼ڸЩʲôˣֻܴλûпǹµӵ裡һͰӪľϣҵı£ұַҪǿƾʲôңҵʸûУ
֮УҵţƾӪʮ꣡ҲģҲıλã
ӪֵܣʲôûУҶЦӪͨ콣һȻҰĺǸӪˣͨ콣ѿһʱ䣬˽ǣоʹ
ðɣΪɸеʹˣôûУƽ̿϶ɳɱͽΪЩ˽Ϊôһüֵķֱô
ɫ࣬ؼһһѪĭӿڱӿ˳һĨ⡣
˵Ҳ֪ħǽ壬Լ˶ϧοôһͽˡ


265 ħ
˵Ҳ֪壬ǾΪôһͽ͵ͷġ
һĨں֮ɫ
ҪǱ֮һ濴ʲôõļֵҶӣ̾ϢҡҡͷҪʵûʵҪļûļƣǱʶûУҪֻºһ¾Ҫɵ㣬ΪɱڣΪ޳ܺͰۣ˵޳֮ͽЩħ˶Ƶ㡣
͵ŻһѪ¶ں޽ӵɫ
㰡㰡ֻҪѳɣҿ԰ŸһĻᣬϧȴƫƫıߣҪӪֵ̤ʯҾͲˣȥɡҶ̾Ϣһָ̧һ
ۣ岻ͣţڷ·ըһ㣬۾Ѿˣڽ֮нһĨںڵѪ
ӪĬȻֻĬĬؿҶջ֡
֮䣬·һһļž
ιɫ΢΢׵׿ʵϴô
ҶĿޱ飬Σȥ걨ʿУ˭Ҳ׼⴫ΪӪͽһǳ˵飬ΪɣûҪɿЦ
ˡԱߵӪͳǣվԭĬȻ
ڶһ磬Ӫկ׼ӪеʱӪѶˣӪ֮Ҷ޵һƬΪĻֵױҶαĵˣü۵ˡ
ʶˣƾԼСƵֶҪҶǽĹʿֱȡ衣
ǺҲˣʲôСֶˡ
˵֮ħħ֮˳ɢˡ
Ÿɵĵ˻ϲ˳ظңҸ衣
ֻҶͳϽ֮µӪˬģɻټ֮ħӪͳÿ˶̯һھĸҲ̯һɽͷ£˵⼸ܹѵڡ

һ״Ľ⻮գһ·ͨɷɳ۶ȥ
ƺ羰ٵŶȥ
Ҷȶڴ֮УָᷭһƬ⵵֮ҲûʲôɽˮˣֻӪֵܺɵһﷵص֮УֻԵľһ
ٻҲ˳ڴ֮졣
˵˴ջľиͱȵһԱʵջö֮԰𲽲ͨ
Ҫ֪иͱǧ֮һֵɵʵס
Ҷתͷʵٻͣ˵ʲôʱܹͻƾء
̫ˡٻзҶɻ⼸ĵؿڵ׬׬ˣ׬ˣͶӰ˵һԵģִ۷̬
ôҶص
ιôʶòãٻŭɶиͱͨ۷ֻ̬Ҫɾܻ֮ͨٺ٣ʱѼռܹ֮ͨɣ
񾳾һңԶҶһص
ףôˣҶȻо֮гģһ޷ݵļ¸оӿС
֮кȻ任һƬİ֮ɫҹɫ֮еĴһ㣬޾ơ
ãҶߣʶкȻٻ͵ļе
Ҷû˵˶ݹͷ
ٻͣ׷ʲôˣҶһ߷ɶһߵ
ٻʶ֮а٣Сؿ˴ˣһλ˵ħ񣡸ƽһ
ǰɣľͷؿҪˣҶһݹһ·쭡
ͬʱֻƬİĿռ׶Уһ޳ѷȻ֣̽һֻƬɫָ֣һţ͵ץ˹
ֳֵɲǣһɾ޴ס
Ҷ͵һᣬڿвϵػS״·ߣʹֲֻһʱ佫׽ò¡
ľ統תһ־صĴС
ֻҽһ£һ졣ֻٿȻ赲һ£Ҷץ˹
ģҶɢ֮£Ҫҷ
ɲħԽԽȥˣȻ۸ôһС
ۿҶָֻץסͬʱ֮кǳҫɫԵɫǹתݣתۼ䣬ͻһֻɫɢâľֻ֣ɫľ֡
ɫľһ֮£һֻ˶ޱȵȭͷһɱصƣҵش˹
ֻɫǹȴ˿̻ϢָһᲢػһֻ޳Ƶһǣֻ档
¡ֻɫľһӱ˿ըѳɫķ߸ݡ
ɫľٴξۼ͵سֻ׾ץȥ
һһֻ֣Ȼôж񶷳һţ˱ҵճ嵴һŵ
ֻɫĴ֣Ȼͣ仯һĸߴӣͷǣһ˫۾
ֻɫҲ˿Уûһʤѩӣݣɷǡ
жȻһºöȴʧϵصɲħôҲǵǰˣ˴Գ֣ȻһֱΪӣ
һ޴ֺˣĻӣСӿħʮѵһܽѵһ𣿱ֻǿ츳ڣ˰֮ģҪ£ħʢڼ뵽С
ӵЦ˴ҶˣǧŵӣôǶ¡
ߣֵֺغһ
Ȼûд⣬ҲͲƽˡӵһЦ⣺ҲȥɣĪҪͣ򻰣ŭλƽֻ̣Ҳ߲ˡ
ǺϲСӡ磬¸㣬͸îˣħ֣֮ħٺ٣㱾˴ץҲҪıµĵӣѾ˭ܽҶܣضһħ
벻ͨɵλӻôֵǮȻʧЦ
ٴδһöǺǺǣˣǾͶлħʶˣµӿɲôץģò˶ãλץҲץˡ
һȴƽ
ݼǰݼƽ̡Ҷһƽһ
ɡ΢΢һЦոǸħͷǶħǵɲħѾǵΪˣ˴ħǴ䣬ȴר˵ģȻγûץ㣬㲻ٳʳԶˣ󰭣һȥɡ
˵̧ץҶѾץԶݶȥ
ߣԶԶֺصغһ


266 аپ
Ҷ֮⣬ƽֻմһ漴û
Ҳֻǳֵħ֮һѣȻҲͶˡ
ҶҪһ˳糵ͷʹȡ
תһ֮£ϾͷҪħ֮ٴγ֣Ҳ̫ܲˡ
˵ףԼվҲֻһŵӶѣͷΪԼӳһѣϣ
񾳣վɿգ
ҶȻ̾˿ԭΪԿħǴʤϲãʱһɨա
Ҷͷϵ˿Σյͷϣоǲ
뵽Ҷҧҧʵٻͣûʲô취Ҽһ
ٻ˶Դӵ֮̽˳
ʲô͵ģٻʵ
ҪһܹٷɶݵıУҶɫҧһ·»񾳵ĸ֣ܲÿζԼֻҪݷܹЩ񾳵ĸ־ˡ
ðɣٻԥһ£漴һת֮£Ǻʮ˶ӵ֮
׵Ļҵ¡¡ķˡ
ٿȻȥˣһĳ߳ĺҶǰڽĳȴһɫŵߡ
ڵϣѾеǶȥˡٻûɵصһ֮ĶӰһ㵱ǿľҪǿˣصĸ׷ˡ
Ҷǰλ۵ӿʵ
Ҷ˶ԷؿͨĻƣʱˣǰӾȻǱ֮洫ӣ
Сܣ֪ʦǡ
ĮصҾ
Ҷжʱһ£Գϵĵ
һֱ˵카ģز˵Ҳˡ
Ҳûа취ˣ洫һǶŵɱȨȻҶ˴󹦣Ҷҷ϶Ҹɱ
ݼʦ֣СЩˣ֮СҶѪ˿
ҴиոճħҪص֮У͸һ߰ɡҶӪĵѾȻȥˣ㲻õġ
漴ȡһݸҩ°ɡ
Ҷ˹ҩ̷ȥһůڵʼšڵľָ۷徳硣
ǿޱӣȴЩ
˵ֱɱĻǾԲҵġ
Ҷ²϶ǿ˳شҶյ֮УҶħͷ֣֮ʦԳһ·
߰ɣַ̧һҶŹסˣҶԶ˹ȥ
񾳾۷ΪٶѾ쵽˼㣬һ·ϣԽ˳ɽ룬ɽӣһƬããɳĮ֮ˡ
Խ˼ɽɳ֮ǰȻһƬڣ̲һ޴ѷ죬ڣףһɹɵ֮͸˳
Ҷ΢΢
һؽԨ֮Уι״ɽʯᾣħˡ
ߺˣѵ֪аħڵĵ𣿡
ԭͨɵ֡ΪۣͷɫӢЦˡ
۵΢΢һЦҶʱ͸оһɳˮľԼʶ֮УԼʶ֮з·޾ѪΣѪɫħֲֳֵ֮֡ﳯ
üͷ΢ԭаڵپ
ʹ˴ؽħ̫۵аپ΢΢ЦȴǱָ˾ָ֣ôң
ЦҴܾ˵ˣаپʲôʱҲôˣҽûոܣʱġ
аپ΢΢ЦôղײգҽƫҪ򣡡
̧黮һǣסҶȻ˺ѿ
Ҷһ֮£һӿֱصˡ
ҶܣʶеٻʹеаپѾӵ񾳾صΪˣ
Ҷһ٣һסԼĽ£糸һವһ
ʱ˿̣׹ˣǹ⽫ģ
ҶּŭΪʲôôҡһɵİҲûе㰡
Ҷţһ·ĶӣмҪڼٴʺһ顣
˵ҶҧгݣȻΪԼ˫޵£ݺңҽβҶҪѣϧ
Ҷû˵ͷٷܡ
ǺǺǣλʦǣСҲǸˣдǾʹΪдһɣ
аپ͵ڿ
䣬ΧĻɳȻһɳ
ҶΧٿȻһһɹӴľش˷ѹ˹ͷ˶ɵľħһ㣬˵Ĺ졢а񡢻ް
⼸ħŵħһеĶ֣Ѷ۷徳ĸ֣֮еԻħԵ֮ʱѰǵľһѹԻһʧ֮£ս̾ͻ½ɡ
ʹɾǵھͨĸ֣Ҳѵֵʮء۷塱ʩչľ
ҶɫˣǸоϳģ·֮ʱ죬ذһ㣬ǰħӰЦţ±ּ˱һŽӲӵĹֻȻϥֽӡģһǿѪ֮ӿͷϵ
ٴһܹѹˣ˵书ˣ۷徳ĺôǲܹƾԵУԼľѹƶ֣£Ҳ޷Ťתȼϵľ޴ࡣ
Ѫһʵӵһָʹ鶯á
ֶΡҶΧ֮УȻ΢΢ЦˣźȻֵ⼸Ƹӣûв´Ļ⼸λҲѾ۷徳˰ɣԸҡ
ˡŮɫ쳣񾲣費Ҷ
Ҷ񻺻ɨӹˣ漴Цˣ٣һĸ֣Ҳ֮ˣ֮ǰβ
аħڣɳΪһҡȣЦ⼸λҵͬŵʦ֣Үɱ롢ĺ硢ɳң˺ϳа㣬λ֮ǰѾͻ۷徳ˡ
ɳҡȣ΢ЦҶֿǽ¾еˡ
Բѣ
ҶȻ˱Ȼ۾֮ͫкȻâһһ׹âתּⲨ
ȻŹɢеĻް
Ȼһ֮Ӳɢл


267 ȭƴ
ҶǴһĨسЦֱһһ˹ؿǰ⼸Ȼɫħ֡
һУ𣬼ϳ˵ľȻذΧҶѾ֮⡣
ħ𾳽ĵӾͫ⵽˷֮£ٸе˼ȵĲԲ߾֮Ϊͫ쳣ǿҵѹ֮£Ȼֽһã
һִԼ·ѾһͷĸݾأһͷײѪʨһ㡣
Զļսħɫ΢һ˿˷֮ɫؿŴ˿̵ҶǶԣһѵѧϰĻᣬȻû׵壬ĸоҶȭ⣬ҶֻǼ򵥵ԭһվһһɻȻɵƣһɽѹǵϣǰ磬·ֻʣ˺ڰ׶ɫһ㣬ԼͬһΣķľ޴ΧȦһ㡣
ٻʶ֮йЦһߴĴָ߸𣺡ٺٺ٣Žضүǰˣ󵶣³ǰ渫ӣҶǰȭⰡ
ֺ޳ɵľȭ⣿Ҷֶǰд˵ĳ𾳽磿Ǻǣ𾳽ҲҪŵȵģΪƾЩӸոžҲܺȣҾǳ׼ʶһ£ʲô۷徳𣡡
Ҷ쳣һһٵص꣬緢Ʋ֮еһ㣬һϣ
һ䣬ҶȻˣһһݣռ֮з·𶼱˻ڰɫسһƬ㡣
ڰ׶ɫ˸תλðͫ۷˸ݡ
ۣۣҶһһز̤Żɳһһӡػ˹
𾳽ħӸоǰȻһΣ΢΢Ťǰ·һɽһѹ˹ǾǿҪˤڵˡ
ɳɫ΢䣬ʱ˼Ȼ𾳽ĸ֣ͫ۷徳ֺ֮ɵģҶ־սɱɵȭͬն
һڣᰴסʵħ

Ҷ͵شӱһ飬ɵ𵶣һɫĵâǣһִĽգչ˵ĵƣ·һͷĦƽһ㣬ֽץ
ǣɳһеħһƬħϣӦҶһ
꣡ײ£˵һ죬ӿƵ̫˲ͽɳħϵĺյ˴룬ĺɴħ϶ʱһȻĿһСȱڡ
ɳҡĺ硢ءҮɱĴħһ̳״æһͬʱַɳеħħͬʱɶӲصҶһ
涸Ȼһɾ޴Ľɫ⼸ħŰΧ֮ڶ
ɳٺٹЦٺ٣ķѾסˣѾûˣҿ㻹ʲô죡
׳գΪǿԷôҶٺЦת
ɱҶ֮ħջɱ˷һ޺ٿȻһȻһߣȭ͵
͵һ޺֮£Ȼ΢΢ʧأзļħҲ˾Ĳ
Ҷһ٣ԲʮڵĻɳͬʱı죬ѾһӰһ˲Ѿϵǵǰⴷתһֱ֮£׵Ķҵؿڰһǣһ죬عȥͱײ˳ȥ
תƣҶһ֣𵴣纣
漴ͽһݣٿȻһߵĺߣ˲Ϣ֮˵İΧȦУȭ
ȭδ˶ʱоһϢȭѹ˹
Ҷֶ˫Ƹգת֮Ӱ֯ſƴĿ·۳һ¼ʵǽ㡣
ңҶӡ任ֺȻճȭյӰȻնȭѪǣʱôִƥͬһǧ󴸰㣬򵥵һȭ޴ľ§ͷֱ¡
ɳƣӭһѹҪˣȻһ˫ֱһ㣬ʹַʮָݽأƶȭݺץҶһȭ
ôҲΪһʽַãʵȴ̺жŤľַ
ҶֱȭƶȻ˻Σ漴һȣһȭʹǴ֮һġһӡͱֱȭͷȻ쳣ִٶȾ˲һ
ֱӺɳײһཻˡһ죬ܸͬһ㡣
ɳζһ£ǿһѪ˿
ֱ۹ؽڡǸ׵·һҵľͱըһ°㣬ŵŵ֮󣬻һһѪ
٣ҶһȭӲɳ֮;һɼȭֱϮԺ󡣲ת֮£ȭӡ֮£һȭӭϡ
ɳһֱȭ漴޺һȭӭϣȭȭ
ɳӲһľȭֱһ쳣ֱľֱӿ˫۳ܲ޴ıһʱڣ
ԱߺȻƿҶһȻܿã޳֮£סĺһŤֱ۱ʳ黨
ɲ֮䣬ҶƾԼľȭλ۷弶ħŸش
ס֣ԶԶһȣֻһѪɫ⻪籼һ㻯һ̸˹һ۷徳ĸ֣
Ѫʦ֣ɳſڵѪѪɫӰæе
˻δһҰ׵Ĺ⻪ȻһͽҶĺʨ𵶸˳ȥ±ŽҰ׽裬ҵײټǣƥĻǼħ±Ž
ѪбʵҲѾǱ
ҶĲԲӰǷɵת𵶻һֳҵĻ棬Χħմ˿
Ҷе񵶱еĹҪǿöࡣ
߸Ҷٴһȣд˸˷Բʮڿ
Ӷһɲǣ͵ǰȭֱѹ£һ޴ͷ
ѪǰӰ˸һȭȴѹԼ͸
д֮£͵ش߶ϵĹӰħ£ֱһ֮£һɭɭĹӰѾҶǰ


268 ħ
а罣Ϊ鶯غὣһ֮£סҶһ
꣡һŹ⻪֮䱬˳ӿĴ̫ұŷ˳
أѪƺһҶһ˳ȥֱ·ĺһѣĹǶܺͺħͬʱը˿˶ʱ˳ʮ˫ڵϻĹ֣ؿǰ״ħһҶ
Ҷͻһ˹񵶼һɳˮ̫
а磬סңѪӴһһУڿҶʨ񵶶񶷵а罣쬵һµ˹ĽӰӶ䣬ǧɭ罫ԼŰΧס֮һԾ쬵һ¾ʹڷ˳ȥ
а罣Ȼصסˡ
ƣҶһУ֮󣬷һ𵶻һƬӰЯһɽ֮ƣһ
ѪӿԼĹǽ棬Ȼһȱڣʱɫ΢䣬ϣתͷܡ
ޣСһҶһ䣬漴
ԶԶһѪɫĹ⻪һǰɫĹ⻪һ˹
⻪֮мɭɭаȴ̺һ޷ݵаľҶеһļµ
ãҶϽߣ񾳵ĸˣҲ񾳶صĸ֣ʶ֮еٻͺȻеؽ
Ҷɣҵһ壬ವһ£һס˫ȣƼһתۼԽ˼ɽͷһ·ԶԶˡ
ٻ͸ǹȫһҵعϡؽʢһ֮£ػһת۾ͷɳǧף֮⻪ٶȻҪһ
ֻʣаħڵ⼸бܽԭش۵Сۣˡ
һһӰƮƮشӿ䡣֮мԩİҡԳ֡
ħʿȻ񾳶ص
ǿԵŵӼˣæסʹǰݵӰݼڤĶλʦ֣
Ϊ׵һѪ۵ӣһѪɫˮƣͷһŶѪɫ𣬶ԱǸϰĺӱĴð׹ǵͼƣ̤һŹǰɫͷһҰɫͷĲҰɫεĹӰ
ȻˣȺ۵ķѪŭһȻ̧һﶯΧ֮ԼѪɫӡ˸
žžаڵŵѾѪɫӰһȷ˳ȥʹɵҲֻסʹͷ
аĵصȥ֮ÿ˶İ֮֮ꡣ
аŵӶһ£ɫˡ
аתͷʵʦ֣ҪҪ׷ȥҪСϵıֻ̫࣬£⼸δػܵôҡ
ˣܵķ򣬺ħչеĵطаڤзһĨ黫֮ɫصħддС˵ɡ

ҶһͷççȺɽ֮У˻๷׷һ㣬Ų·һ·񱼡
ͨɵλڱڱױ񾳵ĸָסˣҶȴӲذס˷س嶯һ·ççȺɽ֮ȥˡ
ĸӵĵƣܹ˦ѺţƤҲ˵ˡ
Ҷٵɽͷ֮УΧһƬɽˮ쳣ĲľݻƣΧĲľҶ֮ɫһɽι֮ɽԼԼ˻ХίʵЩļ¡
Ҷæٻͣôˣ
ʶ֮дٻ͵ĺߺиã˼ҿǴδܵôǱ
ǸоЩ̫ԾҶڵ
ҲоЩԾٻצſڶϣһ˶ͷΣеζ
Ҷɪһ£ȡС֮Уתһ£Ȼоһ顣
׳գСڻûɱɵҪķľ񣡡ٻʹҲﲻʲôˣͿԼ˺ˣ
Ҷ룬սԼ
⴦ɽϿһۻ಻ƣɽʯ϶֮еţȴһ޴Ѫ̶淭Ѫཬһ㣬һ׻Ĺͷӵķмѹ˳ʱʱһһɵħӿз˹Ѫ̶֮жһͷҰޣͷҰת֮䣬ͱ׸ʴƤҽûзͱڻΪѪ̶֮еһӡ
һȺСħʥΪˣ·ūʿһشӶһͷһͷѪͶѪ̶֮С
ЩѪһ䵽̶֮֮漴ͱڻ
ɽжȻһɻɫڿҡҡڰڣ۶ɢ֮ԼħӰ֡
ɫ֮УԼһ˸ݣľһ
ҶȻʶ
Ọ̈̄Ҷߣʶ֮еٻͺȻһҶˡ
Ҷһٻ͵Ļû˵һסȫܡ
һɭɭˡ
ԶɽеһĶ֮Уһɫ̺Ȼڿʹִڿз˷籩Хˣת֮Ť֮»һֻ֣һѾץסҶˡ
ৣҶһֶ𵶽͵ػɫ̣ȴ翳ɳ֮һغ
һ仯һץҶС㵹쬵һ¾صԼĶѨ֮ˡ
ˣˣҶҽűһ·ɽ֮У˵һһڵĿռ֮С


269 Ѫ龫
Ҷȫס֮Ӳڵ֮ͨУһ·š
ڵ֮У֪˶ãֻ˵һ졣
Ҷһʹ͵شһվ
˶֮ҶһɣϵѾûˡ
վϸɨһΧĻ
Ӷ֮һƬ谵ֻԼ׹֣Χ˸ֻι״ʯʯԶ˵δˮ׵Ŀռ֮š
ڿӶһƬ谵ɫĹâ뵣Աһ͸Ĵˮ֮С
ˮ֮УûˮȴɫѪҽһ㲻ͣ䶯ţʱʱعĶһȭͷѪݣ˸о˼Ķġ
ҶеֵǣЩѪȴû˿ѪϢһ쳣Ũĵ㣬û˿ܵļ
һ̶Цˮ֮дˡ
Ҷ͵غ˼
һ𣡺һѾ۷ΪˣΪҵҲŮˣһǧ˱Ļˣ
ӡ֮УѪţѾһѪɫˣ˺ĴЦˡ
ͷħǹŹ֣ҶͷˮĴħȴǵѨһõͭ˰㣬ԼЩ˵Ϣˣÿһϸ΢Ѩ֮Уһϸϸİ·ӵڲͣغһ㡣
һѪƤĤ֮УԼԼɼѾ΢СѪܽˡ
һ˫ĵ۾ֱؿҶ·һζʳ
ҶҪģͷħƺ⣡ٻ͵ͷħҪᣡ
ӦòܰɣѰʥ𣿡ҶЦصҿһģܹĨɱҵľ񣬿ôѹѪϵųأ
׳գҲ޵еģٻͿͷħһʮͨûϵǲѪòѪ龫˵ĳ̶ֳϣѪ龫ѾͷħһˣͷħþѹľͬҲѪ龫ѹѪǣ
˻˫°Ҷһ
˼ǣܹҵˣҶжʱ૵ʵħͨôô죿
׳գħͨǧ֮һͨٻͱһۡ
ҶҲˣʵڸô죿
รɡٻͲؿЦһ
ͬʱˮ֮кȻһһ˶Ѫ籡ˣ˿̾һ㣬ҶĻ¶˸ʵʵ
ʶдħЦ׳գҪԼͱҵ̸ڻˣ
㵽ҪôҶŭҿ׶ȡҵᣡ
һĴħġʶ֮ͣҲףǧ֮һĽѪôһصѪ龫Ļ֮Ҿܹɾ
ȻߣΪʲôҪҵ᣿Ҷŭ
׳գ˼ǹģħЦʲôǧȻ֮Ϊôôоͻ̺棡ҩ֮ɱˣҩ֮Ҳɾˣħ֮ͨԴǧǲˣɣ
ѪɫĽȴԼסˣǧ˿һѪѭԭλãݺݴԼѨ֮УԼʶ֮쳣Ӵȫȴ·ǧٸ׵һ㣬ֻϸɢЩصѨλá
Ҷȫ봩һ㣬ʱһҽУֻȫµѨλãȻϸСĸЩѪɫͣعĶͣҪݺݵؼԼһ㣬һʱ˲ĴָСĸȥԵ쳣ӷ׿¡
Ҷʱоÿһÿһ綼ڰŲͣȫѪɫȥԼȻһ㵭Ľ⡣
ţҶоԼʶ֮кȻһһɳ˹аֲľʶ֮вͣػصš
ħռҵѪգȥҶ
ϺȻӿһһɫѪͷϵĺ˳ȥ
¸¸£֮ȴѪĥҵľôٺ٣ЩѪѾһ˿ԣѪѹסѪǣٺٺٺ٣Ҫˣ
ʶ֮Уͷħ˿Ц仯һɸߴħſѪڣ¸¹Цؿʶ֮УɫתҶ
ҶȻоԼһԵĸоԼѪҲ޷ѹͷħľˡ
ҶĬȻƾͷ޴ħڿŰ衣
ħģһ֮¶ѡûþԻĶѡͷħȻҲûԵˣҡһ䣬Ҷʶ֮б仯ǧħӰ˸¸µЦֽˡ
ҶظоԼľסˡ
ٺٺٺ٣ħһ¡
ʲô
͹һ𣡡ҶرˣŭȵվʶʶҶǧ֮һе֮ݻȭ⣡
ʱ򣡡Ҷһ޺˫Ȼһ֮£һǿҵƱ˳
ʶ֮еͷħһպ͵棬Ȼɫǳһһ
ȻһһɱҵĻȻ˲ɨأ
¡ħֲ֮£Ծ仯ħ󣬹½룬ܣ˲ͱҵĺ𵴵֧飡
ţ֮гĳɽ룬һɳױȵѹ֮С
ħľʶʱؽסˣ˾ֵغˡ
ˢˢˢ֮кȻɫâЩâĿһ˿˿Ϣ
Ľ˾޸Žؿʼ¾
ħҽ
Χһ𱬷١ˮ強ľơиɽѹʱͷʶеĴħʱ͸˸ֲ߻ء
ҶȭǶԸħɱУ
˵ħջ֮Ҳֻͨػ룬ľɻѣֻҪܹļԣЩӶôЩ͸˺㡣
Ҷȭȴȫͬˣȭֱܹ˺񣡴ȷ˵ħջҲֻһĻ̥ŮҶȭǳɱ˵ǿ
ħľʶһ˲䣬ͱȭݲеļҪ֧ˣϾԶԶʤѰħ
ת֮£ħ͵סһСŽɫĹɢŵĽ⡣
һ㣬ȹɽһ֮Уһķ⾳
ͷħȻѧ˷ڵ淨ʶ֮еٻͺȻ鷳ˣ
Ҷʶ֮г˸սǹìꪵƴնͷħ
ȭôңһնɱϣȻնˮһ㣬նϣ˲ë
ٻͼæǲҪķȭˣĥģ
ãҶһȻֳ˺ڰͼĥʶ֮ˡ
֨֨ӿȵȭתֺɨͷɢŽħʶйм䣬һһĥ̻תš
ĥÿÿһתѹסͷħСһȦһЩɫƬɢ˳
Ҳģҿాǧд˾簡Ҷʶֻ֮ʣһСŽɫĹɪɪһʶҶʶ֮дݶ
Ҷ飬ĥ̼תͷħľһһεѹե˸ɾֻʣһŵСĽ򣬲ͣţ֨֨زҽС
ҶȻ΢΢һˣһСħʶΧϸСֺͷһһĴڵļ䡣
ҶһͷħȻͨͨٻʹеȲҪɱԴͨõ
٣ֲôõͨҶƿĥ̡
һᰡͨģ٣㶨סͿˣ¼⼸ͨҵ죬˭ôݳޣͨͼͶӰʶ֮У¿ɾͷˡ
ĥ̵תԭĥϵģĴħٴαֻͬеĲӬһ㡣
ͷħɫͽӲסˣǳתڳߵɫͶӰ
ҶٿȻеͷһ蹬֮һϢԼʶһɲǼ·һĿռ֮С
ôܣѾļ֮أǴħҲδܹ˵ҵԪ񣬵ʲô
أһͷ𣺡ʥħһ٣ֻؽ٣


270 ֻ֮
Ҷɫ䣺ãôƫƫʱҵֻؽٷˣ
䣬һҿ񱩵Լʶ֮б˳ɱĿҵͷħûзŹ
һɲǼ䣬Ҷʶ·ǧֻ֮Уʶ֮жȻĻ˻źƷʵ¡¡֮Ȼ
ʱʱӤ䣬ʱ˵ڶߺǧ֮еԼĶн𣬲ͣعҡ
ǰľɫٿȻһ䣬ΧѾһƬůһ֣ģŮɿЦ֮ǳϸĿ̹ǣҶ˿ΪɫٿȻٱ䣬Լ˲Ѿ˵ѪսҶɲΪ
ǰȻһߴΡĸۡ洫Ůӽ̸
Ҷƿ˸ۡţһɫװŮӻﱧһӣںͼ󸾽̸ʱʱطһЦ
ŮתһҶǣƵľճǰ
ˡɴź˹¶һЦ
ɴҶҺȻˡ
ɴŪŻĶӣЦصϳ۰ɣԶӣһ·ǲǺ磿
ۡۡĺֺС֣ץסҶָ漴۴
ѵͷôҶ૵ص
ǰŨŨյĳҶҪС
ʱ˿̣ȭѹƵħҲʼ
ţѲСӾ㣬޷תȭ˲ɣħʶ֮˼άתٺ٣ҵĻˣҿСӻ֧Ŷã
ʱȥãһֱ׷ŵĴħЩȴˣۼһɹɼǿҵľ񲨶һǿ˼άҪҶ
ľոһҶǰĳ˲ľһ㣬˸飡
ɴ
ҶһҪץסɴ۾Ȼˣһߵ
ˣڶȹֻؽ٣һ٣ḥ̂
ҶһվȻ̧һָϵµĥٴηת
ֲĴħʱҽһɫ屻ֻؽٵħŤ˺Ƭ
һҪл㣬㣬ֻҸ޷ֻؽٵĻþҶƿ
ĥ̿ʼԳԽǰʮٶȷת
ɢˣֻƯһһŵͣͷħϵͨط
ͷħһСħ֪֮ͽ˵ĿҲһʱ嶯Ѫ֮ѾøˣԾ·ԽѪǹҶڣѹסҶѪǣֹҶѪĥԼľȻԴǿľռҶꡣ
һɹʾͻˡ
ħͷħͷ£Ѿ֪˶£˶˵ļ֪ʶ˼ֶ֮֮ݶѷɫ׼۰һι˼ļƻǵˮ©
㲻㣬û뵽Ҷʶ֮оȻȭ⣡
û뵽ģרԿħĵȭ⣬׿סʶһռɵѪǸأ
ڣȻԼļͨҲȥˡ
ʱ˿̣Ҷʶ֮Уڰ׶ɫ־أʶѾˣһɹ뵣ּ˲ٲࡢɺϢ
Ҷ۾ʱоǰһƬģֱ塢塢ֻŵָȴ糱ˮһӿȣͣԼʶ֮лص
ͷħľǿȻʶȴ̫ĸһþͻӰԼԣħҶòء
Ҷ漴ƽľ֮кڰ׶ɫתסԼ鲻Щֺ
Ƭ֮䣬ȶסѾ˿״̬֮ȴð˿˿Ƶ֮Ȼ֮оɢ˿
ʶ֮һֺȽȽɢǧྻ׵ҫķʶ֮еĺڻ֮Ͱ׹һ֮£ɢȥ
ȭȭⲻܹƵдɱȶЧ֮κķЧȭȴܹͷ뵵ĸ
ͺñʦľȻܹǿ֮ƽңȴܹΡ
ٸ֮еġն񷨡ܿܽԼеĸ
һһڣ֮
ʶ֮һ־޴ĽҵĽҫʶһƬͨ͸Ǵȭ⣬ĺһΧȭתݡ
Ҷ֪״̬³˶ãŻ˹Ȼо¡۰жһ֮¾ȻǸɺԵѪ
ȻԼѾ״̬³á
漴һоЩȣֻԼȫ²ͭǮһۣԼȫÿһѨȴ·ӵһһ㣬Լĺʼ΢΢תţźԼļš
ȻԼĶͷϸеһ΢ĴʹһϸϸѷԼüмˣҶץһѣһ˿һһ㵭ɫƤȽѸһ鵭ɫ˿ɵľƤ沼˰̺ۺ͵ۣļȴӤһ𪽿ۣ͸һֵɫĹ
˫һչ֮£Χ϶ʱӰתĽŲڵγһӡǡ

һԵٻͣٵת̫һƬƬֽƬ״Ľ͹һεֿƣγһټͼ
Ҷȭ»ûϸ΢ľ磬ȭ˵ܹĥԷ飬ȴԱסԷļ䣬ǺڣٻһٻͨһѹʶеĴħͨٻǷɿת¼⼸ͨ


271 
ҶϴˬûУȻɹֻؽ٣òڵΣûнٻڸҶͷһưˮ
ҶͣһԼĶεʼ磺֪аڤаֵܡ
㡣ٻ̧צ׸һ𲭡
¼µͶӰҶؽ˹
Щ˾ϸķγһͶӰͼγͨ
޼ޡǧСĦƳ֡󡢾ħڤͻ
Ҷǰߵܸӵͼ
ϸһһز⼸ͨγɵͼͷ䡣
ͷħõĴڣѧģͨߵħͨͶӰֱӴϡ
һͨһͭ˵ķͷħ֮ͨ󣬿
֮⣬С޼ޡĦƳ֡Ʒ׻ͨһס󡷣ȻͨȲá͡޼ɱҲԵͨȴһ׼亱Ϊͨʮֵľ޴
Ѱħ׳֮󣬾ͻɼɷһεľ񻯳ε壬ӵɷȴܹ׳ʶԳɾʮֵޣԶԶȲѪ
ħһ壬Ҫͻƣһ¶Ƕת
ַҲмķգ֮ħܲѪǵĥϣն»ɢ
ͷħȴšɼħһĴѪ֮ʮѨλУ˵γ塣
ַħڲǧ
ͷħԭһͷؾħͷ£аħڵĵӣɱ˵ؽвٵħ˲ɼѪ֮ġѾһ룬ڵؽ֮ɱȴѾ˵ؽħǿߵע⣬аħڵĵ֮£׹䣬ۼ壬׼ѪЭͷħ޳ɡ
û뵽޷ļƻȻҶƻˣѪɵѪ龫ۿѾɣڼҶ֮ͷթħ쿪ҪռҶѾ۷徳
ܴɡ
Ѿ붨ԼĪˡٻƲƲ
ҶȻȻôã
漴ɫһ䣬ãаڤа˿϶Ѿ׷˰ɣ
ٻӵ㻹Ƕħ˲̫⣬аʷƾõħɣԴһǲݵģǽǵۣǸеǰδеܴ裬Ϊǻô׵طŹ㣿ûиʮģǲô׵Ļĺˡ
ڸô죿ҶʵһѾ񾳶صˣһͨ
ûϵȴڸ㡶ս񾭡еļصһסɱǹȭͷȫǹ֮У˶Կħ˵ıǮˡٻͲһ򲻹Ļܻûġ
үٻͣѾĿǲǣҶƿڴǰ֪˶ٱ顶ս񾭡жţţ棬ܹǿôͻ˾磬ôûأҿѾôܣ
ٻڨڨЦһ֧٣֮ܶ㻹˵ɣոͻƾ磬ǹ˵ٺʲˡ
˵꣬һ˵֮УҶֱ޵ġ
ȶǱա
ԭͷֻϵģǾһٵֻؽ֮󣬾ϵеλȴһƱյš
·λãڰ׶תֳͼҵתţ˷չ˿һʱ֮䣬ʶ֮У·ֻʣ˺ڰ׶ɫ
λؾ֮ͨ˰ɣһأ񾳣Ҷ񣬿ʼתȭ⡣
Ȼ·λãէ֣һž޴ģɫķɻȽȽ𣬻ⱩŷɻǴһޱȱҵ⾳ݺݵس˺ڰֱ˲񷣬ݺݵײ֮ͨš
ƺҪʶҪըһһ㡣
֮һӰƮƮ죬Ծۼͨڲϵؿȭ֮ɱĥ£ȴγǿȭͽܹӰľֻȭ⳹һǿĵز֮󣬲ܹһٳ֮ţ̤ĵһ
һһĹ𣬾޴ʶ֮лصݣ쵽֮С
أǵ֮ԼԼһ˿״Сİ׹⣬˿˿Ƶ֮ʼϴˢʶԼ御յͨ͸
Ҷдϲһ֮£˿״Сİ׹⽥ɢˣʶ֮ٴλָ˺ڰ
ľҶ漴˹ղɾãһȭȻһ˿϶ȴάסŵĿϡٴ˾
һȭ⽫ٴκ俪һƷ϶֮һտɫٴη𣬺ݺײȥ
һǵΧһȦȦľ֣ɫȭ֮з·̺ʢ
ˣ
ľȭײȱ棬漴·׳˶͵ĸһ㣬ضס£ȱڡ
ˣˣˣˣˣҶȫ־ͷϵ֮УǴֽϣַײǴ֮ͨţûһ޴ͭһ㣬һɹεȴɾľԼʶ֮лصݣһʱҶֻоԼ·֧һ㡣
Ǵ֣ȭƲ񷣡ͨͨͨ
¡
ҶһȫѪ֮з˴ӱӿһ㣬ˡ
ɲ֮䣬֮б״󿪣ʶ֮дŹ˼ȫÿһ䣬ڤڤ֮Уһʣȴ쳣ƴ֮ӿʶ֮УۻķѸɢȫ֮С
ͷŹӦ죬мһν֮ţԻأͥ
ͨͨͨҶѪ˾ҵŭ
ԼԺȻһž޴Ĺ֣·һֺҫķоһɸ峺ų֮Уһɹɺ嫵·Լһ㡣


272 ɾ񾳣
Ҷ۾ֻͷ֮һƬ龳·𱻴һţٳһ޾Ŀռһ㡣
εתݡ
Ȼ̧һ£ֻ¡һʱѹһټӡӰˣΧһȦѺۡ
𣡡Ҷһָ漴һץ֮£Χ֮жʱִ˿֨֨ʮɿĴҲץһָ۰ˡ
Ҷ˺Ȼô˿УһɹӰȴ޴š
ʶ·ܹظӦΧĻ֮еһһ
ڳˣԭǷҶ۾ϸԼ£ԼȫԵ
͸εģȴƫƫִڣأȴִһɰ޴ƺԼľõ޾죬ƾ죬ܹظеݴ֮зһڴǰš
Ҷ̧һץһľͷƮƮط֮У鸡ɿ⣬һ֮£ľͷȻ˱˺ѵϸľ˿ֽɢ˿һʢʻһѤޣ
Ҷ³һڳٻͣϽİžɱǹڸҰɣʱ֣ټϵڤԪӡСɱħҲ˵
ãٻ͵˵ͷ̧˶צһָһɺƴˮһ͵عʶ֮ˡ
ҶһĿʼʶ֮еͨ
ʶ֮гöӰֳһ˳ǹߣݡ
һŻս֮еľɱǹȫԷ˵һٴҶͷ֮ʽʽʽǳϣϳǹй񲻲֮
ϾҶѾˣķ˵֮鶯ķʩչǹܹ鶯á
ʱһζˣҶѾžɱǹˣٻ͵ķҲָ˸߰˰ˡ
һһӰһ㴩Խ֮ͨУ䵽Ƭ֮ˡ
ǹҶͦסΣǹתǰЦˡ
СӣҶǰɡаЦЦؿ˵ͷͰʵʵذֵܸˣһѲ˵Ȼ˸գģھȻͻ𾳽磡
Աߵаڤص㲻𾳽ôôͻˣ
˵⻹ҪлλǡҶعһ赭дصжλһ׷ɱµģħвȣûѹҲͻһؾ硣
ϧͻҲûʲôˡа΢΢˵ͷзɭɭɱ̫̾ϧˣոͻͨؾҪˡ
˵ͬʱðɭħӿ
Ҷ񿴲ϵɱһ㣬ֳֳֻǹЦеõ棬ٺٺٺ٣λŸҺˣôͲŹһ£֮ħأ
ɫһϣɱ
аڤԽҶɨһ֮һ̲ѾɺԵѪɫٿȻ䡣
аǰ͵̤һ漴ȵҶħںδҽ
˵ָ꣬һţһһɺѪɭɭţѪ˱ǵζŻ
Ѫӭ籩ǣһ̵߳ѪߣſѪڣһڳҧ˹
ٻ죡Ҷƣ·ֵת͵תһǹӰһչ֮£һεǹӰһƿ㼲̶
͸ǹӰ֮Уһһ㱩ҵϢѪҼ֮£ǹʶһͽѪؽ˷顣
аڤƺһҶȴ𵴵ĵɳȥ
һ¾ͿߵĲˣһֻǸող뷨һѲ
ҶҲܵ棬ʮа˾ŻΪѾ񾳶صļһ׷ϻɱħ⴦оͲͬˣխĿռ˵ͨתȴǡǡܹľɱǹӵޡ
ɴѨ֮УҲӡ
ٺٺ٣Ǹĺܣλͷħϵġ޼ޡС󡷶ѾҵˡҶһߺٺٹЦμŲ֮£ӲرܿһѪ
ڤֵܵ͡
㡭㾹Ȼ⼸ž֪ˣ˲ŵؿҶָָɫɲ
ҶһЦŲش漴ּ̧𵶣Լͷϡ
תֵĳϣһ̫ȼһŵɫĹֻסȫ
ڤĶͬʱһĨɫӲذɱģһҪҶʳ⼸ͨУ
ֵܴ˴οͷħϻټѪҪһͨҲ̲ǿ⵽Ѽȥˡ
ҶǹڿУһεķתֻεķһ㣬ȵڿУǹָռ֮зһһ̤뷨ɫģηϵؼӿ£εշ·Ҳˮһ㡣
ڤݵضҶͷɺɫڷҡҷڣȻǰƮƶʮָ㣬ӿѪ⣬˿һѪ
ӵңҶ͵һƣǹһǻڣӿķһͷűӿǰȻһһˮǽ
ۣʮѪǽ棬ʱƵ
ǧҶһ̧ǹȦ֮£ꡱƿղӿķתʱһǧ
꣡еѪǧʳһź󣬽һ֮£ʱ׽ɢ˿
˫̧𣬽һŹֵӡҰɫİ׹ڶתۼͻһͷţǵİ׹ħ۴ƣ޿һֽУ׹ǲӰ˹ȥ


273 ɱǹ
ĵİ׹ħһ֮󣬲û˺ҧҶתΧһܼİ׹֮ǽǵҶҵΧ£˹
ѣҶһ˫ַǹȻ߸߾͵һ
꣡ӿİ׹ȻһӾ𵴳촷ۣ·һ㣬ѳһһġ
ǧһʱͽ׹סˡ
ȻڤСħͷ뷨ҪҶ׽ǽС
СħͷһƬҵĻȡ
Ǵ˵еǧֻҪг֮ԼͷܹħͨȻɱǿ󣬵ӦģǵҲһͨ޵߶̵Ķࡣ
ҶƹǽĵڣƵҶڤˡһһѪɫȪˮתۼͻһѪſھͳҶ˹
ٻͣҶ̧һһɫСշɳһ˶̽˳ſһԵмŹĴ̵֮ס˱ϮѪߡ
ٻͶʱһʾ˶ޱȵۼܲǹ׻λεһ֮£Χİ׹ͻѪ׷ɨ˿
ٻǴרſЩħͨ˿һչ֮£ʱڤ񶷳һţ߶òɿ
СӣҪΪһõܹԸֵܣĺٺЦһ͵ϣ̧һָһɫİ׹ˮӿ˹
ҶȻ¶һɫ̧Ľһָ
ĵ֮ĽºȻһˮư
ڤԪӡҶ͵ط˵ڤԪӡ̧һһɫ쵵Сɽ֮С
ڤԪӡһ֮£ճ˾ҵزˣһǿƥ֮аĵ˰ߡ
Ҷ̧һ֮£ָɽХɳҵؿձ֮ѹ˹
飡аĵ屻һѹ˿Ѫɢ˿״ƥ
ģԱںٻ;аڤһ
ǬҶ͵شӲ滬˹гǹһ£ǹӰ硣
һжǬǾɱǹɱУȫԿΪ˷ʤ
һ͸ǹӰ𶯣ת˲֮ͻ֮ľ룬һǹڤʺϡ
꣡һǹϸľ޴һӾͽڤԴ˺ѳ
ڤ·ʵһ㣬Ѿͷվԭذ졣
Ȼζһ£ȻͨһԵ˵ϡ
ǵ׻ǶҵΪҳ񾳵ļ񡣡Ҷǹ漴ϵɽ˵У΢΢һ
ٻͣ㻹ðɣ
û£еˡСӵѪɷ̫˵ǰһצӾʮ˸ֻɫٻͺߺߵˣ쵰ϵɽңʲôĵҩøҲ
Ҷ˵ˣϸɨһΧһ٣һεʱסԼȫ£Լķͨɷȥ

ҶɳħĶ֮кԶɽӰĬĬע
һӱͨžͼ
վԭأ·Ѿ֮УػȻһ㡣
Ѿ񾳾صΪ
ӣӣʧˡĬĬعҶӰ֮дһ˿ŨŨĳ
еһҶ쵰ȻܹͻˡɫдβסΣڶСҲмˡ
Աߵӵ֣ζֻĲǣѾˣȥ֮ȻٲҪƽǰһѾͻ񾳣ֻ¡
ɫ
ӣұ졣ɵһ㣬̺֮ŭ
ȥôܹץҵİѱ洫ҲҪŵȵģߣ˴ѾǳΥԭˡ³һΪɽ֮ţôҲѾŵģ飬ԼܣҿһΣ㲻Ҫָڶ
ôأɵƽȻ֪ˣֻҲֻᱣ㣬ΪôһŵӸ㷭ӺٺһЦص
һôҴӦɵѾˣɹɴӦҵأʲôʱܹ֣
תһ£ٺЦҶûԡ
͵һһɱ˿һȦεǱ˶˰벽ˡ
ıһ࣬һɹмȭˡ
ٿȻɫ
ͷһ͹صӣӣѵɵ𣿴˴ҸѾˣҶҲǰŵʧʲô飿ǵҲӦ
Ƥ΢ڵӦô
£ֶһҪԵˣɱӿᵭصҲ֮ǰļ·
Ӻɫˡ
顭Ҫƽİ壬ֻ㷲ص
ǺðɣһȥǵϢˡص֮ڣûһĴ𸴣ĺ־ڱصãǧֵزҲµʲôˡҲںʲôˣţǾ;ԣ
֮Ѿһ˿ŭ֮ɫŨŨɱ
Ӻӻһۣû˵תͷĶˡ


274 ؼɴ
ӴܵӰâޣһȺɫĻ쵰
̧һգһһӰɢڿ֮С
ҶħĶ֮ӳ˺ûֱӷͨɣһ·׻㡣
ȷ˼λ֮һ·ϸȥ
Ѿоˣڳɾ˷ʵķһԼһȴؼصϵڷеʱҪκμɣܹгԼ磬ұʥ硣
ҶоԼѾΣˣ漴ʵιٻͣɻĶûУ
ʶдٻѾˣһЩö
˵ӵһѵĶչҶǰˡ
ڤ˺ռϰټɽʮ«мԵװ¾ȻһûУⲻɵҶ۽硣
Ҷ޵һﰵûٸһЩûǮĹħҲνˣιٻͣ͸úˣɴڻãǱҪ¸Ҽһ⣬ǼҲҪɳƷı
ҿ飡ѹեҵͶٻͲص
ƨҶѾͻ񾳣еǻõĲϣڲˡͨԺƷҲ£ĸɻٸּۻۣ
ǡðɣٻεشӦ漴תתӣʵѾ͸֮ļؾˣ
ֻͻ񾳵ʱһЩѣ֮ԾΪΪΪΪڵҶ˿Ʈƣתͷ۵ԺҲҪʡԼһЩͻ˾һ鵽ǿȥѰһЩϡ
ٻʹϲ漴һͷ˵֮УʼŬ
ոմͨ׻㣬һ˼֮УҶ͸оһ쳣Ũǵ֮΢΢һ겻·һȺ˽еóΧȫ㡣
Ũǵ֮Ϊۻ࣬м˺ܶ޷ңŹƻĵϢһɹŨǵĻ㡣
Ϊĸ֣̫ãҲġ
ѹ֣˼ᱻˣ̫ˣֻҲɷġҶͣ˿У͸ĳǳأЩɴӻɡ
һ壬ǰʣһֱŵλó˹ȥ
һ·Խ˼ʳͼɽ֮Ҷ漴ڵɽλãֱӱɽլԺ֮С
µ֮Уʱɼ
ԺڣһŮӶһϣһ飬۾ж
ǣƵӰҶжȻӿһɼ
ǰɴɣֻǶ˼峺ȣҪɴѾ۷ڵΪˡԴҶ֮󣬶ĿȾ֮£Ҳβ뿴ϰߡ
ɴԭ˵ϢȻȡ֮ȴһüԴϣϢŨеŮȫ棬˿Сӣȴһžɵᣬһ˫ӨĹ⻪Ŀɨ֮һϪȪһ㡣
ֻüɴһĨ֮ȥʱʱʵƣ΢΢ҡͷ̾һ漴ھ֮ˡ
һ綸Ȼ֣ƮƮشе
ɴȻ̧ͷ
Ӱһ֮£ҶѾӿȻɴǰ
ɴѾˡ
Ҷһɲǣأɴӿһɾ޴ľϲüгԹ˼һɨա
һ˫һ磬Ƴա
ֽ̧ʮӡһ߳
һӴ嫵ϲȻ˳һ֮ȽȽƣһ֮³ɽ
мλãȴһ쳣ӴӿȣʼɢȾ
쳣ӴȻͬȾһ㣬ʼѸչԼ֮֮ɲȻȥ
һ̣ɴѾնɱеͻƿײʥ֮ˣ
Ҷ̧һָһεķסȫסʶװȹס˾硣
ãɴƽҶ֮£ȹס
Ҷɴ滨꣬һĻ
˽ӵһ
ɴˣǲȵЩ̫ˣҶ΢΢˹§ס֫
ûϵɴص˵ͷ̧ḧӣЩ꣬ôˣ
Ҷͷ࡭ǺôҲǰˣŴȥ
ǺǣҶ٣ȻˣΪʲôһأ
кȻһϤһ۵߻˹Цݡ
Ҷתˣע
δˣƽѾԵò࣬ǰǰƮݵɷǣɱڵľ֮С
Ҷ١ƽվʵô޽зˣӦûоʦɣ
ƽ̣Ҵ˴ɴġҶص
ɴڻûͻʥƽ̲üΥصġ
һͻƵġҶ赭дص
ƽǺεȵҶֻƬ֮оѾ˴룬漴̽΢ЦϽеĶ𣿡
Ҷһ̾ӵĲҡ
ƽ̿Цһ˵ͷˡ
ƽ̣ҽҲ˹ˣʲôôҶؿڵǷ׼̻ƷϱϽ磿
ɱţֻҪƽһش𲻶ԣҶ̾ͻɱ֡
ɴһץס䣬ҡҡֹ뷨
ɵ֮£ﻹҲķأƽŴȣɬЦˣѾˣûмĺûܲЩ洫ӵŭ𡣡
ҶЩĬȻˣӢĩ·ıе΢΢ġ
ȻӵǿɻӲĽˡ
ǻвʵģϾһΪҲǾǧ࣬ĥġ
ƽ̣Ѿ֮ôۣҪͻʥתͶ̥Ҳ̫ѡ
ʵʮǰҾѾͻʥĹؼˡƽһۣǣұ֮УѾû˵ݳ徢ˣһأҲûмûˡ
ҪʬתĻֻҲӲ̥֮ԣɥʧеļˡ
˵Ҳûˡƽ̴ͷ̾Ϣһһжɡ
Ҷ˼Ƭ̣ȡһƽ̣һתͶ̥裬ת֮Ҫס䲻ʧͽˣɴ飬ͲҪϱˣȨǸķڷѡ


275 ǧ֮
ƽ۾һʱ¶ϲ֮ɫֽ˹ˣͶлҶٵİæˣϷм
˵꣬ǰҪҶ񣬱Ҷֹ̧סˡ
ƽ̣ô䣬ҲҵĳܲĴ񡣡Ҷֹ̧ס񣬵Ϊ֮ɣҪˡ
ƽ¶ԥɫһ̧Ҷ
ţҶתʵʲôô
ƽԥãӻȡһССĺʯݸҶ
ҶиеΪֽ̧֣˹
һʯһ߼ھӨ̲һ嫵Ŀռһ㣬ȴǲϸСĽɫһƸᣬ·ɽƲӿ
ЩϸϸĽɫȴɿ컮ϨĹһ㡣
ЩɫۼһССʯ棬ȴû˿Ļңһ־Ȼ򣬸˾ְ
֪ΪʲôҶһۿ˹ȥЩ֮ȴоһּ̡ƴϽصϢԼ·ڸÿһɫͣתš
ѭЩҵһԴͷ
ԴͷͼһСС̣ͼһ޷ݵƺ˵˼붼Ҫסˡ
ʯ滹һע͵С֣ҡιƽ¡
Ÿ֣ҶͷȻؾһ¡
ҡιƽ£Ҷ룬૵صɽӡСǬ£
ԭˣˣҶʱ򣬲ؾڹ飬ѧιƽµĵʵһ֣Ҷʯջ۹⣬Ȼǧ֮һͨ
ϲҶ٣ֵһͨԱߵƽ΢Ц
Ҷһ漴֣صʯˣƽ̣ĻҲ˵ˣҪЩʲôܿڡ
ƽ̳һ£漴Ҷ٣ʵҲ㣬Ѿ͸˲񾳵İڣת֮󣬴ò˶þܹͻʥ޽ˡ
ҿԸһҶ̧һһڵĶ̵ģлԵ޽ط꣬Ҳ͸㼸Ʒָͨ߱ص㣬ΪȥΪһѣҪ±ǣĻҾ㡣
ƽ̳һ£̾ϢҶټȻѾѻ˵ˣϷҲûʲô֪ˣһжҶٵġ
Ҷ̵У漴һתһ棬ɴʧ֮С
ҶȻ־磬Ͼûиıġƽ֮̿ɢŵĵڵĶ̵΢΢ףԸܹ˳ͻ񾳣ɾʹ˵еĵɡ
̾Ϣһ漴תȥˡ
Ҷɴһ·׻֮С
ɵƲ֮еߵ֮ҶȻͣסˡ
ôˣɴҶվƲУԶԶ˳ҶĿȥˡ
ԶԶĿ͸ƽľ֮С
ĸ֮ۡУۡΪַ
һ׵ὫŰһ·ɵطص˸֮ۡкһЦ񾲵ٸ۴޵ĺӭ˹
ǵıһ޷Ȼ߰׵򸾻˹ЦȰؿӢĽŪźֺࡣ
Ҷر۾˫սˣһĹǽˡ
㡭ٻؼȥ𣿡ɴĻȻʵ
ҾͲȥˣѾܹһ֮ˣٸܵڶΡҶɫ΢΢һ漴ָƽصȥˡҲû壬ֻͽȻԼ鷳ˡ
ȻЩȻ뱯ˡ
ҶĬȻصʥѾǴĹˣ񾳵ֻ¸ɡ
ɴüε̾Ϣôһ˵Ļô
ողͨʱЩ˵еģ翵ĶѾ֮һĿԣҲ˴鷳Ҷޱ飬ͷƲ㡣
У˿ȴоӨĹ
ж᲻ᵯֻδĴ
Ҷһ˫С֣Ḳ۾ϣ漴ļϡ
ɴذ˹ϧȥۡ
û£ȫû¡ҶһȻС֣ӯصӦңӦңԶҪ뿪ҡ
һӣȻҲˣɴĶҪˣ˫ĿصͷҴӦ㡣
һҰɫС۾Ƭƺ֮Уش˫Ӱڲͣػζš
δ˫޹ˣһη㽻֮£ɴϸϸشĦеĵȴһ
˫֮ô򵥵ġϾҲǧ֮һ
һ泩΢̾Ϣ֮Ӱ޵ƽϢ
ҶҲ㼱ɫҪɴϸһԼķЩܹ֮Ӧһ޽Щ
ɴʥ׵ΪóȻ޽磬޽еǿҲӦѪ
Ӵѹ֣񾳣ɴҶߣĿϸϸţ૵صȫļëɢһƵѾһĪĿ֮
Ҷ˴Ҫ֮𣿡ɴʵ
ڻСҶɫأҡͷβһˣ֮ڶ̫ҵĹϵ⣬ҲһλϣҲС
漴ͰԼ֮ŵĶ˳ɴ۹
벻һֱ޽֮оȻҲӡ
Ȼ鶼ᷢҿصɴ˵е޽磬Ҳˡɴεҡҡͷ
Щ飬֪ҲܹȥҶЦһ漴ͽѦֵ˳
ԭˡɴЦЦؿһۣ۲΢λѦСûУ


276 
֮ζҶˣʱһͷܲ
ɴӶˣԳԵһЦḧƵҲʣ¡
֪ҲôʣҶЩ߳ŭˡ
֪ҶѾ˫޵ˣ䣬ʲôʧȥأɴס֣˵ֻϣ´βҪˣΣֻϣܹúõػţΪң𣿡
ɴҡҶһסģҸط㰲޽ٶȺܿ죬Ųһʱ䣬Ҫɹħٵһء
Щ㴳ħ٣һǳɡɴ֣
ˣ֮ص޽֮ȴȥһõطҶһ·ƺ֮񽣵ϡ
ɱħռħ֮Ѿγ˼ټĲ䣬ÿչ
ҶһǰǰƣһµĺʯڵУΧ˸ֹϹȡһֻ«׼΢΢һ֮£һɫĹⲨӰ˳˺«֮С
ҡһº«洫˵ĵˮ֮
ﶼģɴһߴĳǳأŵʵ
ֻǰЩ˶ۼ򵥳ɶѡҶЦ벻ԼҲչˡ
˵ɴѾǸ޵ˣѾ׼飬ҲҶľ޴ֱʸŪ𾪲ѡ
Ƭ·Ⱥɢҵ˾ҶĽ̻ѾʼչԼ⼸֮е˿Ѿ֮ˣ֮Ҳʢ
һȡ֮㹻ʹúܶˡ
ڹǱҶģһȡʱЩ֮Ҳ׼ˡ
ռеԸ֮Ҷ漴ʹɴݵ
ݵϵشƫƧǹͨպĵ˲ݻǰĶŮʿ
Ҷǣɴӿл̾ϵĽơ
ŷµŮֳɽ˳ڵڿߡ
ףⲻҶ𣿡һСı˹Ҷ֮ʱһ
ҶҶϴһƬݺݺˡ
һȺŮЦظ˹Ƭ֮Գӭˡ
ϲҶֶȹһħ٣ɾ񾳣ϯЦҶ֣пյˣ˵׼ҪչУ׼Ҫɹһ׽ˣλǣ
ɻԱߵɴ
λɴʥΪѾٶɹħ٣ˣֻһֱûкõŵ㣬Ϸֻ࣬ʱûŵĵطʱסһʱΣҶ۵ԹҲһ
û⣬ҶִʿǾֵˡ΢Ц
ҶرԸɴҪ˵Ĺϵ׵عȥϾǶ֮ɴͷͬˡ
Ͼ˫޲еȫҪΪġ
Ҷ漴ͽԪ쾧ڤԪӡ񵶵ȵȴнɻļȫΪ֮á
֮ٲǲǣСҶЦЦ˵ˣҴҲõ˲ͨؼ㹻õˣֻҪУʱ䣬Ӧܹͻʥ֮ˡ
Ҷ漴ͽƽڤԪӡɴȻѾ飬ǲʶڱɴ֮󣬵ıͻϢϢˣʩչҲָʹһ硣
ɴԴˣݺһѣʵŮʲôϵ
ҶһʱЦһĺˣֻѹϵѡ
ͰѺ۵Ĺϵ˳
ɴݺݵصûֹϵֻ˭
ҵ죡ûУûСҶһ¶ͷЦһҪֹϵһҰô˵ˣҵǿĵˮ棬˼ύģְ˼ֽ٣Ϊиõ֮أΪ˭Ϊ˭æ
㻹ġɴʱתΪϲֻһðɣһΣ
Ҷ֮кȻһĨ漴תͷȥˣʵĲԶɫ쵵Ĺ磬Ըƿն
ٻ漴ڵҶ񾳵ĸֳˣͨɵˣ
ƽˣҶ֡
룬漴ڿն𣬷˿С
Ҷʦô
еɫһ㣬תۼҶǰжŮԳˡ
⼸ŮɫȻһۻӿȡ
Ȼ֮洫ӣľӢ
ҶˣΪ׵һɫ΢ֵӴ˵ͷѾͻ񾳵һˡ
СǡҶڵݼλʦ֣С⼸ձȺħ׷ɱżͻؾˡ
жŮڴһĨ֮ɫ
Ϊ׵ɫΪưصؿƽ̴˴ε֪нѣرǼǰӦ㣬벻Ϊͦġ
˴Σȴͷλʦʦ˷޵ʱΪСܱʦʵڹⲻȥһСС˼ɾ⡣Ҷ漴һץ֮£Ӵħлõ⼸Ƭ۳ɵͶӰݵ˼λ񾳵ӵǰ
⼸ͨСǰʱһͷħ֮󣬴лõġ
⼸λ񾳵ĵһе⼸ʮƷͨʱ۾ϲ
Ϊ׵ӽӹ⼸ͨ漴һЦڵããʦʵ̫ˣ˴ܻƽһҪȥɣƽ֮Ƴ̸һ


277 Сɽչ
Ҷ͸⼸λʦֽһͬ·ˡ
ûб¶ɴ٣Ҷеõ⼸ͨʦֽҲʮֵĻϲ
һʿ˵ȻǷҩ֮֮Ĺ͵ˡ
⼸ͨ˲ħͨɴ˿ɼħҲҰĲҪɾ͵
ӼλʦֽĿе֪ʵȻסˣ֮еȴ𲽵½ƽǬձףȴ޿κΡ
˵ڻңⲢ⼸ɲᷴŴʤĻᣬ˽ҥƣҪƱ׾ͷ
պλýɢҥԣŪʮ²̨
²ʶ»Ȼ޴ǽʵʵشǵƤΪٽ׼ͶɱܽٵɢǣǴͶ֮Уǿ˵ڻҵ֮󣬵һѡͶͨɻ֮С
̶̰ʱ֮ͨо˽һٶ뷨ɢ޼ĸ֣֮⣬ʮСɣԸԸɵݼ֮ͨУ˵Ĳˡ
Ȼۣȴǿŵġ
緢ģʧĵģѾҶ׸˵ˡ
ûʵǿ󣬵ڻҵһ֮󣬶ʱе˼̨ףûһɢԸͶĵҲʼŵӶѡȥˣ֮м
Ҷص֮ͨ󣬿֮еĵӺȻ˺üһףеΪ졣
һ·ϣĵӼ֮һǹкڳʦ֡
˵˴γԸ
Ҷһ·ص˴֮Уеƽ磬΢Цؿ
Ҷ쳣ظӣҶݼƽ̡
翴ģȻ΢΢ü漴˫üչ˿Ҷٲֻ±Ҫȥˣһ·Σգ
ˣоաҶ
ǾͺðЦҶĺܲ˴β˱ŵ΢磬ȻԭܶҪͶɢ޵ӣһŶͶͨɣеĹû
ƽ̹ˣһж̿ˡɻ͵ûʲôϵҶ赭дصƽ̵Ļӽڸոͻ񾳣Щ̫ȶ˴εҪչء
ţҲóѾ˵һص񷨾ˣܺáһݣ漴ͷɣ¹Ѿźˣ֮󣬿оǡڣСɽ磬ȥаɡ
лƽ̣סҶ˼һ£Ӵлõһͨƽָһ
ǲķ˳
ķſǧ֮һһǰʮͨȻħʱѪ龫ҶѨ֮УѾͨ˶㣬ļʶѧҪײͨľ裬ֱǳ˵ΣΨһܹͨģҲֻΪͷƽˡ
˼ħҲֻǶͨ˽һЩƤëѡ
ӹְͨ̽棬Ȼ쳣նڤ״̬֮ˡ
ǳ֮һˣͷɽƺǳתϨ
ǧ֮һĹ͵۾΢صðѹͷħܹͷ壬ԭͨãããҶ˴һ󹦣һͷʲôҪ󣿡
Ҷƽܹͨľ贫ڸӣѾõòˡ
ﻹмǧеĹ㲽쾳֮дڸ㣬мǣ¹شҲҪҴһϸһܹеİһͨڱ񾳵ĵӸǴаܹӳǵڽͻƣ
ȻǧϹϴ޽֮еĸͨǴǧݻģǧȻҪȴסʱ˻ԵȱһɣЩеķǴǧиԼɵĹݻģս򡣡
סҶͷ
˾ͺáȡһֻݸװһٶʮԪȥ֮ͲҪٳˣԴάˣ⣬֮еͨԼѡһ
΢΢һţһһķҶǰչˣڡסࡢȡơ̡ࡢϡһͨ۶ɵķ
Ҷһãǵɫķ֮Уɫķͨ˸ɫĻ棬ɢһɼԵ֮
׵֮ͨΪһ𣬲ܹٽרſƶħɷ
лƽ̵ĶͣӸм
ţվȥɡ˵ͷ̧һҶǰȻһѺ¶һɰѹҶһʱΪ֮ᡣ
Ҷת̤˽ȥ
Ҷ·̤һռ䣬ϵһ㣬ΧܵγɵϼķռŵĿռ֮˸ݡ
Сɽ֮еʱ䷨Ѿ׸˹һ൱ʮʱ䣬洢쳣ĳ
Ҷ˫΢΢ſһۻȻɢ˿
ȫµë֮лһϸϸΧԴԴ˽Լ֮С
ȹ˾ħ֮֮ͨ峹׶ͳˣȻ֮ͨϣˣ
Ҷһɾעʵʹúܶıû֮ء
һҪͻͨؾʡǸɱǧѦ鷳
ôɽ֮ǿϧˣⶼǴ֮ٻ͵Ȼ֮
ôˣҶ
˵⴦Сɽ粻Ǵ֮ٻصҾͲˣƽ̵ΪѾʱռķˣٳôһó
Ҷ̾صҵȻǱսǾͲˣҲû㹻Ĵ֮
ٻ룬óƿ˻Ρ
Ҷ͵һԴеôⶫˣ
ڿʼս񾭵ȫҶɫµƾһǹҾѾܹоˣͨǧ
˵ûٻ;ȻͷصһЦʵս񾭻һ֡
ʲô֣Ҷ
ٻ͵
ҶվеԭˣսǴͨȻˣǿ϶Ҳдˣ
ǵȻˣͺñͨӦͨľǻҵٻͺٺٹЦһٷϻˣϽɣʱҴӾȡ˰Ĵʥˮ㹻㽫ͨˡ


278 
Сɽ֮УѾһˮͰСɫҺĿռ֮Уɢžĺ⣬ʺĹһ㡣
Ҷȶԭأָ΢΢ţǳ
׻ͻͣһ㡣
ս񾭣
ҶһкȻһĿķ̫һɿתš
һɹӿȵķػɫķ֮У֮еĴ֮ˮ·ܵһεһ㣬һɹɫӿԴԴϵ֮ˡ
磬һɫᾧ״ʼŷΪģѸٵؿʼ˿һֱҶڡ
ɽᾧٶȻȴ쳣ȶ
һĸоֱ͸อҶһʱѪɫٸȫ¼Ҫڻһ㣬˵ˡ
ҶѾ˾ħ٣Ȼǧ򻯣ȴܹ׵ذִ֮󣬼γһֶһ޶һС硣
ʯɲǼ䣬Ҷһ˿
֮ҶȻ飬һͷϺȻһ⣬ΪԴأѸٻȫ
֮еϣҲһƵĽɫ˿ߣתطɿ
ˮӿĴʥˮͻ˸㣬÷ˮеĴ֮һʲϢĳһԴԴϵ֮ˡ
ԭһ׺ĴʥˮȪ¶һ㣬ϸϸȫÿһѨ
֮Ҷ͵۾Ȼ
ë֮кȻųغ⣬һһĹⲨΧĴһһ䴿ѩơ
ʱ֮£Ҷڵķֳɫ״ǻȫ̬
벻ͨȻ˵ҶԼ֮ӿϲ
ش˻սǰĻӰڲͣζţĿѣԡ
һӰڿмٵһǹóʱûǧٵǹͷǾɱǹ
һӰȫ˵ɫƬǻ뻤
һӰ˫ﶯ֮䣬ɫҹѾˣһһһӿȣǻס
⻹лףַԱݻͨǲרżȡ֮鷳
ιٻͣƽ֪Ҳɵͨ᲻ңҶȻ۾ʵ
񰡡ٻͲмصȻôܹͻȣƽ̲ģֻҪʱͻ˾ʱһĵŶˣ㻹ǲ޼ޣĦƳ֣ҲǼƷͨʱʱ򣬻еĻףһͨġ
˵ҲǣҲᡣҶ˵ͷһֱ˼һ⣬֮ѾתΪ˷ôͻƣǷͬ
ٻͣͨеĵֻºеͬСɣҶȻ۾ʵһҪµϣ
ٺ٣СӹȻͨླ綼ǿ໥ӡ֤ģȻһģϸ΢ٻ̽һֻצӲӣٺٹЦһؿҪͻҲףսжмصģֻҪˣͨĴӣ֮ˮǣͻƵأҪԼˡ
ǺðɡҶ˼ص˵ͷ߮״̬֮ˡ
ϵһһ˳
ȡ˻˵ڶҶʼˡ
ҶȫĽȻȫҵȫԼеλ֮С
ȫҼѹһţȻٴΰҺ֮£ɢ˿
֮Ҷȫµÿһ֫嶼Ѿŵĵزɿɳڣǿ
ѹһ㣬ȻǿѹȣǾȴǳ׷ɣתߡ
֪˶ٵʱգҶ沨ľ״̬Ȼı仯ˡ
λãһСʼһľӨ͸ľش߻ɣԵ쳣貶Ŀ
֮ڵĴҵĻҪϳɾҪϸ΢ϣһҶʮֵ
ҶѾ˺ܶλսеķѾеķͨ͸ˡ
һһ֮£ڵĺ֮࣬һȻʼ˾ˡ
ҶдϲæϸһСȻᾧķṹ
֮ᾧ
ԭĻ紺˿һһ˿һƵذսᾧ棬Сشɾ
ʱ˿̣ҲƵʱһģˣȴǾһ㾧ӨĹâһǣһ쳣ӲʵظС
һһ㣬ر鲼ȫˡ
ҶϲһӲĽᾧס
漴ٴɢȥȻ
漴ɢȥˣ˿﷦ζĶҶȴǲᷳϰ
磬״ɣҶȻ۾һһӣһӰ¶
׵Ĺƺ׽һӲȴ紿ѩһͣ׹ƥɢžĺ⣬ҫΧһƬ


279 أ
ٻͣٻͣһ£ǲǲҶץԱߵĵһҵҡš
Сôô죿
һҵصҡΣҶһͨһ֮£ͷתٻŭ˳޴צȷ˯
˵꣬͵һתȻ쬵һ¾Լ֮С
Ҷȹһؾ磬õٻרҵϿ֮΢΢һ
жʱӿһϲ֮ɫ
磬һˡ
Уȴ˼á
λǧǰʮֻͨݣҶʱȫķʶĵ֮£һܵϵͳȷٶĽ
ΪͨҪȴҪ˵򣬷ĻԴҲͨ
ֻͨ񾳵ھ֮Ż𽥵͹Գˡ
Ҷ漴ٴζ
һξͿʼĲ㣬龳
˫һϱ֮£һѤõİ׹֮УһС̫һҫռһƬͨ
ķ𲽵ݴ֮£Ѥõİ׹⽥ɫһ˶ɢҹһ㡣
أ˶þӨͨ͸γһɫˮ
ָ֮ѿҶһ˫֮жȻһߡ
꣡꣡žɫˮ򷢳˱ͬʱѳ顣
Ҷ˫̯ˣ֮УŰ׹⻥׷š
һսֵĹȴůůմһ㡣
˫ֻؽŽȻ෴ڳһţѸ߮أһȻ
֮ͨԱ֮ΪǾʹԲ
ףҶһ˫֮£ֺȻһų׵һǳһźתݵ磬ͷһž˸ϵ硣
˻֮е֮󣬻ܹͨ
һɲ·ͬȾһ㣬ѸȾȫÿһ
Ҷȫµʼ߮ǧӭ̲ѿһ㣡
أ쾳磬˽У
ϵ£ΨҶ𣡡ҶжȻһɰصĴǴľ漴ֽ̧һ̡
֮죬֮½ء
һ޴ĹֱӹͨҶˡ
ڵ¡¡ҲѸǴɫĹȻģ·֮С
֮Ĵ֮˹һ˿˿Լ֮ˡ
Ҷ̧һָһɫ˳֮仺תţתۼ۶һȻǶͷƹ֮С
֮ٴһɴɫΧĳ֮Ũ
ڴǲûʲôͻҶ֮׾ٵؾͻؾˡ
һ̣ȻѾظоռڲһЩṹˣӿӵ
ͨڣڱĿεƽ̺ȻȻ۾ͷϼ˿ƮҡϰԵ
ã¶һ˿΢ЦȻǸСӣ쾳磬ܲء
꿦꣡
Сɽ֮кȻѿһŻˣһƵҶл̤˳һɳҵشơ
һں磬ף
ﳹȹһԼľ֮󣬾ͳˡ
̤Ľ֮ӭ߹һӣǵȥӭҶǸӲԭ
ԭҲֻΪѡ
ӴҶʦˣƽ̵ͦġţԭغ˸кͳ̨ȥ
оϵϢ֮󣬲ԭ漴תһģų̂ϵŬԲҶ
صϢ
⻹ôСɽʮ꣬ȴֻһ꣬Ҷȴ˶̶̰ʱ䣬ͳˡ
̶Ĺ򣬾Ȼʹӵһ񷨾˵쾳
˵ǽСɽ֮УʮʱУɡҲδ̫˰ɣӼԼ۾
Ҷͣס˽ŲᵭһЦʦ֡
ҲңʦǧĪҪ˳ƺңСܴ˴ǰݼƽֻ̣Ҫƽš˼幦ѡԭ̬
ǽľСɽ꣬Ѿ˵ص֮һֱΣûͻƿ
ҶλʦСɽȻѾ˵쾳
ǱҶͨʵʵһ
˼幦Ҷüͷʵʲô
ԭʦ֪ŹƽԴĹ˵רãɣܹСƽ͡
ԲԭĹ̬ȣҶֻǵȻһЦʲôҲ˵ˣۿǰʮưһһʦ֣ʵڱŤ
ʦߣСʦֵĹ֮һԭڱе
ҶЦҡҡͷ
ЩӲһ˼ֺ쳾֮꣬һһӡڴƴ֮ñ˺˶Ҫ͸ʼʥ֮ͻƣħһ֮ĵѾһֲ˼ĵز֮ľһ·ͨһǧ
оǵУоһܹľӣԽģ֮ľеľǷԺġ
һ쾳֮ҶʵѾԶԶʤһЩϺһЩ̤񾳵ĵӡ
ҲʹˣҶ֮УѾӵһĻȨˡ


280 ɴħ
쾳֮ҶҪصͨҪޱȾŵرԲҪأ׼ҪȥѰһЩŵر
ͨʹͼˣָɽ֮У̺еͨ޾һͶӰееľ˵͵ڽʡеʱˡ
ٻʮͨͬҲӡͶӰһͬҲ̫ѡ
ֻǵƾЩͨͶӰӡԶԶģʱҪŵرҲʵ̫Щ
ٻ͵Ľ飬ǵǿȥЩʯ֮ѰŵرѾ쾳ټٻ͵ǿӦǷǳˡ
Լ֪йоƬ֮ʦֵǰݷһ֮ҶҲӴħлõǼͨ˳ȥһȴû⴫
ڼǰƽ̴УеţͨеĹһš˼幦ͨڸе洫ӡ
ƽ˵ŹֻҪг֮ԼܹɵķҲ
ҶϸĦһ֮ͨ󣬸оͨϵȷֻ࣬ĺܶؼĶֻͨҪ֮Ǿ׵öˡ
ƽͨһ֮Ҷ漴ͷصӪλá
ҶСɽбչ򣬵ҲֻСʱѡ
ٻ̫һ壬óľǸʮǿͨ
̫һڴ֮Уɾ񾳵ƺΪ˵֮Ϊʡ
ٻ͵һ֮Ѿǽ𵤾ڵĵλҲǲͣʮͨǳ
лʮǧ֮һǳ
ҶңңһɫȻһ٣һɫ𣬽ȫ¶˸šವһͳ𡣳Զɶݶȥˡ
ʱɴҲҪɹһصħˡ
ͨɵݵǷǰҶҪʱ䣬񾳵֮󣬻սһŻһӶò˾͸ϵݵ
Ҷ䵽棬뿪˰ʱݵԵࡣ
ˣϵĽƲûбôо˺ܶҶüͷȥˡ
еϿնһɴִḷ֮̌ԼԼȭڲͣ߱仯ţһȺȺһ㣬ɹľ֮ȴħҵϢ
ãʥҪħˣɴҶſϤȭ⣬ʱ˹æһݣǸλ÷˹ȥ
Ⱥĵλ֮УҶ˲Ϻ͵ϵŮкһľС֮С
ɴ֮ϣĿޱ˿УͬһŻƣ֮ΧȭڻţĿռһһȻڵ˼ҵĵز¶ڿ֮ļ治ͣ䶯ţ·ϸСĳӶ֮ѹʼʳ
ҶҲȫû뵽ھȻôͲħеٵľء
Դص֮󣬶Լ֮лǾ޴⣬нÿһŵľ֮ɴٶҲܿ죬˫޵£еʱ໥̽֡
˺棬ҪԵϸá
Ҷ뿪֮ǰѾ϶ˣɴʱͻħ١
ɴ壬ˮ
ɴ΢΢鴤ϣƽϢһЩʶ֮ȴʼնһɱ֮ʹٵĿ˲١
ãƽϢ
ɴһƣ֮ɫˮѾʳСϪ
ɴðɡҶѾ׼һˮݸ
ʹࡣɴƣ
Ҷæס֫ԼϣȻԼĺ«֮гȡһ֮Լķ׻ȻͿĨ档
һƴľ˳ѨѸٵӿʶ֮С
ɴʱоԼʶޱֻȻƣ
ոյʹĽ֮һħԪ
ɴ¶ɫҶ벻һپȻôѹ
ǺǡҶЦһûϵģٱѹĵһ٣ǵΪͻʥľ磬ʹѪת˸ǣҲôѹˣǴǿħٵһؾѶȹˣ漸ٲ̫ʹ࣬ȴȽΣգȻڣһжˡ
ô˵춼һֵصӣɴȻһЦ
ȷҶ漴Ȼ·¶ɴΪ֮ĳ
㡭Ҫʲôɴ΢죬һڡ
Ҫһʱ򡣡ҶҧסĶ䣬ճߺˣȻֿŵظ·
ɴ˿ȫʱһЦҶҲܲˣֻһ¾ô˳ӵҶӡ
ɬɬҲҶһ֪صҶȻҪôȻĵ
߿ͨԪ໥ɲߵ¿ͨ˫໥ֲ
ûԤеĿҡ
ֻƬ̵ĹҶӿķѾѸٳȫÿһ缡
ּǴ򿪼ڰǧëѨͨԪҶĻȴǼ̲ʱ
ɴȻоԼ·͸ˮһ㣬ԼʶоÿһĵطԼʶ֮ɼ
ɷֱӹľ֮Уǻ֮бһһУֱӾͽСе֮УȻͨԼ赼֮£ؽȫÿһλá
ǿķɴ΢΢ȣϸɨӹȫµÿһط
ŴǿķԴԴϵ룬ɴļѾɫҶϽһή֮ɫ
ˣҪķ̫ķˣѾָ˴ˡɴҶͷϵĺˮΪ˹ȥȰ
Ҷ΢΢˵ͷһСֹס˷
ҹĻˣȼһҶɴں߾ˮ֮
żˣ͵ĺֻӵһƬƽϲ֣ƺʲôǳûˡ
ȻѾܾûƷƽ˵Ҹˡ
˼ʱֻƴƴȡţϾˡ
еĿģֻΪĵƽڸˣɳ֮еѹоľƣ
ƺֻƽ˵ҸҪġ


281 ͻͽ
ڻΨƽϲֶѡ
һȥǴʱ䡣ɴļͷϣص
ƽΪҿСɽ磬ʱ䣬СɽоꡣҶֹ̧һ˿̾ɴʵƴԼʵûʲôվ۷ߴҰġ
ֻ֪һͨˣģҲֻҪػԼҪػ˶ѡɴЦˣָ˸ĸӲ룺֮У̫ɼʲô鶼ܵĻҪ˰ɣ
˽ҡҶǣ󣬵һЦ
󡭡˻ˣ»ڿзţԲŵƤΣٿȻڿʹ˿
Ѿ仯һͷŮΧҶؿЦ
ҶڵΪѾ۷壬˵¶Ѿ̫ˣҶȴǴδСһɴú֮漴ͽиɴ
µıʵʲôҲȥ̽ˣСΪսˣҲһֱ¼ԼĿռ֮С
ܵ˱ҶľӤתľ֮ҲӵľԣΪһ壬ֻõĸ֮ڼľ֮ѾǿƲ֮
ռ˴󲿷ֵĻľĻļܣ˲ľ֣ʹϸԵȻ
ļûȻһ㣬һ޷ݵĹ
ټܹյľɴػţҶȻǲҪٵʲôˡ
Ѿѧ˵ˣҲǰǰֻ󿩿ҽˡ
Ҳ˹޴һӾͰҶײ˳ȥ
СҶû뵽СôûӦٴ˹һѱס
¾޴յȫµĹ¸µ죬ڿת˺üȦҶʱЦãԱߵɴ΢¶⣬µԴ
ˣأôҶ²СԴʵ
֮ǰ۾Ѿͻһ׽٣ɾ񾳵Ϊõˮ洫ӵ룬ѾżĸߵŮͶˮˣٱ֮ʣ⵺λиҡɴص
ŶǺ°Ҷ΢Цϧˣûüϲʣضǰ;ˡ
϶ʣһЩΪǳŮˡɴתԶЩŮʶ̫á
ʲ̫ãδزǼ£ǿͶĳ֮Уʱֻ»ǱɵڻһˡҶ˼˰֮󣬵һʱ䣬ͻħ֮󣬾Ͱ߰ɣݵϵĵ̫࣬Ͼ̫ۣ죬ʱϵŮӶǨ񽣵ȥסϷ򸾰Ǩɡ
ŮʶȽͨûлͻƾ磬Ҳֻܹˣ˵δزǼ£Ϸ򸾵񽣵ϵʱҶԷĶĶݣȻҪͶұ
ţǾôźˡɴԴ˵Ϊ⡣
ҶôʱסϵЩŮѾɵ֮·ЩᷳˣҶȰ˵֮£Щ޵ŮǷ׷ױҶ񽣵УӪĵһ𣬸еͽס
Ӫ֮ΪһֱƿеĵǣҲΪɵĲӣɥʧ˶ɵֻǽתΪӪϣҲҶǴ⣬ʵϻϡ
Դˣ̷Ҳ׼һˣ˳ֽ֮һЩûͻƾĵҲ˽ȥ
ݵ϶ʱøֻʣҶɴ»һȺµ㻯Ⱥľˡ
ڵ˫ޣҶҲڴܹЩɹħ٣񾳡
ЩȴǺܲģٻ;֮һ
Ҷ׳գ㵱ǱħѪ龫ôľԴѵͲ÷ɴͨȫѨ
ٻͶֽɮдΪɧ͵Ҫǿ֮ȥѰһЩˣڵҶòһζĺɴң͵Ķˡ
ٻͣòǱϵඥĽ𵤰ɣȸĵ㶼ҶؿһۣħʮҪһأãԼ;ٴ󣬻ܴùȥصħһжӦ˳Ȼͻƣཫͻƾİվ͸ǱҲ͸ӷڰ崿ǰҪɴҲҪȵͻֻؽٲУ
ٻ󲻿˴Դ
ҶƳһۣ漴ǣο˵ˣҲһζ־Ҳͻؾã޵֮дԼĵУΣ񲻻ҵ³ĺˣҶ⼸ǧ͸ˣʱҲ㻻һõǣٰһƯĸ£
ޣ㵱ٻʲôٻͷŰۣݺݵһڡ
̽棬ҡεβȴ֤ļȵļҶмȵıӡ
Ҷʱȷǰ׷ѵģǧеЩϵĴͨϤĵоȥеں᲻ٻĽ⣬ҲǳǷ׻ת޶ԣǱ޵ġ
˵ףͷɫЩ಻סˣҶõǧе˫޵ͷɫо͸ˡ


282 е
պ֮УҶڵµļȫһ飬ȷûʲôöڲʶ̯г֮漴ͷ˵Ĳ㡣
ĲĺоרŹӦʿǲɹ׵ĵط
ʮֵҪɾеͨе֮ͨУľˮžѾ㵽ˣľеľԴľӵϼȡľеľ˴δħл˲ٵķȫЩãˮеľƾ贿ʥˮһҲɴﵽܸߵľ磬ΨʣĻооǷȱ
õͨѾˣŴͨǲҪŵرɾ͵ͨȫƾھרеͨ
ҶĲĺΧת˼Ȧ֮󣬷ĵ̯ϲûʲôö漴߽һ֮С
ɵʮ֮һƺһ̣ģ󣬸ûʡ
Ҷ̧һ֮Ա߹һֵӣЦʵλӣϰ壬ʲôҪۣҪʲôôһǼ۸񹫵
Ҫ۵㶫Ҷ
漴óһɫľط˹̨档
վʯλѿǺôֱۣ
ϰɫʱȣӹžʯ֮̽һָתһд΢иһνɫˮһյϢɢ˳ΧһȵϢ
ȻǴʥˮǺôֱʣϰ循ȵص
վʯռ䴢ıϣ٣Ƿõպ֮УһܹһߵļǮ
ֻҪɼ־ʯǱҪзླĸֽǿ֮УԷȡģȻмɣܹɾͿռװ
ռ侧ʯ֮УװĴ֮ˮ㹻װһˡ
ɫһݣ漴̽Уϸһɫ΢΢
Ĵʥˮ治ٰϰ循ȵؿе⣬ˮ֮ɢϢ
ʹػ˻ξ֮ϸһ֮漴ֲ̾üһĴʥˮܹװһˣ
ҴһϹַ֮зֵĺñҶ治ɫóһֻռ侧棬ֻڻòš
ó쾳ĸˣʥˮӦ֮òãȷѾòˡϰʮϬ˵ͷĴˡ
λѣ꣬˶ǮģǹջһᣬĻһƿˮܹһ߼ϰڵصҪһɣ֪ѵأ
Ҷ˵ͷðɣһɲ̫ˣҵһҪܺã⣬ҪһЩϵľʹп۳ɡ
ϰĵЦģеģʧˣҪĻϵϵŵرΪ׼ǡ
Ҷžˣɱ֮С
ڵС֮£߽һ᷿֮Уȶ
ǿյʯ֮ʵ̲˲ٵŵرʿг֮󣬴ܵǿ֮̽Ѱǿ֮ȴǲ޴㣬̲˺ܶΣգľʱշ籩
ʱշ籩ʮֵĿֲǵľͷʱշ籩֮УҲᱻĥġ
Ψһʱշ籩ľȫͨ
˴ͨ˾֮󣬴˲ٵĶ
ЩȻǧʱշ籩ʴֻҪʧ⣬ܹתϢȻǳɾͲһȹ̵硣
ֻתԲĿռ䣬ܹΪһȹ̵Ŀռ䣬ҶôҪеͨ
Ҷӣʯ֮д˲ٵĶһһصԪǧռ籩ʹӵϴƷѾʮֵĴǳͻħ֮󣬽ͨ
͵Ϊ׽ʡһ쳣޴Ŀ
֮⣬ҪΪɴѡһЩʵĴǵĵҩľӵľٺʲˣɴڶħ٣ľϴʹԼǿͬģҪɹħٵѶҲܴˡ
Ҷڶɹڶض͹ǽٵʱѾоˣ̫̫ǿʹڶ͹ǽٵʱʹ޷ˣȻõʵԶԶʤѰħٵĸַ֣գҶǲɴپܵڶΡ
ѯ£ûпԳɹɹħٵĵҩأҶ૵ص

ɡ
ϰЦе˽һӣǰ֮ҿ˺ӡ
һźͮͮȭͷСӣոһ򿪺ӣ쬵һ´һɳɫĻ棬Ļڷһ㡣
ҶȤʵʲôϵԪǺ㰡
ϰЦλѣǵ֮иոҵһö𵤣һͷǧ۶ɵڵ̺ǧĻϵκλϵͨӦöܹСɵľ磬ö𵤣͸򷨾ΪΣ
򷨾̫˵ɣҶöڵЦһֲǲ񾳵ĻˣϵԪֲڲһҪķѷϴңһ򷨾
ϰЦǵѣǵҲֻôһϵԪǿŵرˣɣܹ۶һʮ򣡡
Ǹһһʮ򡣡Ҷص
ɽˡϰɲʧȥôһͻæӦӵݸҶҲΪѰϵĵͨĵȺ졣
ţȥɣҪһͨˡҶ
ϰ漴ȥҶ漴Ͳúһơ
ֽ֮ͨ⿪漴̧һţһɫķз˳Żϡ
һָźͨͨɫĻѸٷֽ˿һɻƥĻ澫ͶӰ֮ˣڿлתš
𵤿ʼһһ߽˿͸ķȴǿʼһһر쳣Żɫ
һ˵γɵڵ޾ǧɣɵģ̺ԪǿȴҲ̲޵ԪңʮֵķѵĴҲĴԶԶȲȻɵŵرˡ
Ҷת֮ͨ£Ѹپŷ֮еҶֽͨ
ֻƬ̵Ĺŷ̺֮Ļ澫ʱȡ˸ɾееͨҲСˡ
һ͸εķԴԴϵػ˻棬עڡ


283 
Ļ᳡֮ͷӿӿ˷ɢ޺ɵĵӻһãĿȫͶ뵽еĹ㳡֮ڡ
ҶǰŵĹڣԱߵĶΪܸߵĹݲͣҸǷ
Ƭ֮ϰ̨֣ԱߵһŮһµ̴ľ̿˹
һ㻪ĺ˿ʱ˵
ϰؽҿ˺˿֮¶һžɵ̴ľϻӣɢŵ㡣
ôµ̴ľϻ̾˵Ŀ⣬͡
л޵еλܹ󡣡ϰû˵ʲô׵ķϻֻЦеصĵһƷǴʥˮⴿʥˮĸֿܹ֮ʮǧ˰ٽ﴿ʥˮ
ڳеıǶʱ󻩣ԱߵǸǽͷӶ۷׷
ʥˮ̨µɢǶʱʥˮϺñʮͨʱôʥˮϴ֮󣬸
ҶЦ˶֪ʥˮļֵڣǴʥˮĲ;ȴλãһǵľͷͨɽ磬ʥˮһǿգں֮Ĵӡ
ǿ֮ȻвʥˮΧʱշ籩ȴѰʿ޷Խ׳أԴʥˮȻ;㷺Ǽ۸ȴ쳣İһмУǵһصľͷҲǷǳҪġ
ϰһϻӣһ˸ӣ¶ȭͷСվʯƺ̲һһ㣬ʥˮγɵĺݡ
ڳʿĺ
˴ΣĴʥˮöװصվʯһϰôӵڿʼۣһʮ򷨾
򣡡
ٰʮ򣡡
򣡡
ǰŹĺһؽת֮䣬Ѿһǧķļ۸ˡ
۵ͣϢ
Զǧ򷨾ļ۸񣬱һպеĴ̺Ÿˡ
Դ˽ҶеΪ⡣
üһ벻ôʥˮȻֵôߣҶɵ̾Ϣ
ߣΪأٻʹʱȴһеģǿտǺòҵôһӣֺķ˲ٹͨ沼õĽƺ󷨣ܹʱвȡʥˮ
ǬǸ϶ΪʲôҪģǲǷɵô
ٻûصϻһᶼǵĲƴ֣֪˶٣ǶԣܹսĵֵϿԶԶôһأ
Ҷ۾ŹصԺǲǿôʥˮǮ
׳գٻЦڵʥˮǾˮǺˮֶһ޼֮˵ˣǴҲɺԵģþʱ򡣡
ͬʱŵϰߺ֮£ϳĵڶҶע
һİεĵֳ֣ĳߣͨ·ھ̶ɵģȴʵ޻͸ŵɫ沢ûзУֻǲϸܵľݡ
ֻǵû˿ķ⵹ҶΪʧ
ϰһĵ֣һλǿ֮еõģڼ÷ԾõĲϿѵãڿʼһʮ򣡡
ڳĹͷĵ֣Ҫп
ҶһҪٻͺȻʶ֮неʶһƷı渽ͶӰ֮ȫԴ洧Ħͨ
Ҷһǧ漴ʧʵû˵ûĦּôֲǧҪʲô
ʶİ׳գҪԶԶʤǧģٻͽеùıһķѪı֪ͬôʹͨõļţϽм۰
ҶεջʶˣʼΧĹǿʼм
񵶲֪еļ֮ڶĹ֮нм۵޼ͱҶ򷨾ļ۸
ľһЩƷ׽ϵ͵ĶˣҪôǷ£Ҫôǳ׵ıҶȤȱȱ
ǺǣһһƷϵı죡ϰ漴ζضԹϵľҶЦЦһ̣߳ɫС졣
ϰй˷֮һҡ֮£ֻһɫĹⲨһŽɫɳתγһɫ֮塣¡¡
죬һƷ̼ǲƺɵģ֮󣬸Ѫ⣡Ѿܹˣڿʼۣ򷨾
ʮ򣡡Ա̾йʼмˡ
򣡡Ҷ漴ڵ
ʮ򣡡
߰򣡡Ҷ漴ּ̧Ӽۡ
۸ʼһ·ҶҲ£Ͼд˴ĿӵףԾͲƴһѡ
һǧ򣡡ҶһμӼۣʱѻȸˡ
ӻ᳡֮и˳֮ҶֱӾͽ֮С
ϰЦе˹һž졣
ϲλѣԺҪʲôǹһСꡣϰЦعֵ
ȻˡҶ˾ոմϻõķתۼͱ˴󣬾滹ʣ߰˰ķ׼ңҪչش졣


284 ݵΣ
רṩ֮ڣ󷨵ǣ֮£뵵һ㡣
ҶȶԭأͷϳһƲݵƹ⣬֮ڣ֮£μ
ƹ֮Уࡢ졢׽ĵƵš
ĵƹгԼһݵħԱ߻һɫžķһɫĻηһտɫ͸ķ
Ҷ죬жʱЩԥ
첻֪ǱλǰƺѾ˼£ܹףܹһЩʱĥһЩϵĻò˶þܹתһˣôʵЩ᲻á
ϸеƤƳɵģͣ渽Ѫ⾫֮Ѿһ˿ˡ
ϵĻɳƺоʲô˶ʼٵתһɱŭ
Сٻ˶ȻӶд˳ָһ֮£һӿȶѹ档
ٻСԴмصʲô⣬ѪϡСԹԵԼƺ׳гͷ֮գ
ɳƺΪίϸ΢΢Ťһ֮һɻƥĻƽԭ˻ɫ͸ģ
ұסԪ飬ҶὫ¼ҶС漴ӿռ֮ȡһƿʥˮСˡ
С·ϴ˸ˮһ㣬ҡβͣԭϸ͸ʱҲô׳һȦ漴֮ˡ
գҶ漴ָһһؽɫķָ֮С
ת֮£һɫҲԼָ˵λôˣһɽϢˡ
ڿеŻƱɫķԴԴϵ˽ɫķͣţأһɫĵҴ
Ҷ漴ֽļϵĵرˣͨɡ
߳ҶһȻ̧һָɫķԼͷƹ֮С
ܵɫеķȻٵת
֮֮䣡
ҶͷϺȻһ˶ޱҰԲ̣ڰ׻ƣһһıãɫĺ⻺תš
ڣеͨڱ˳
ͷɫʼŵתôγһɫǣɫķ
˹ҹʱ֮ҶŻ˹ͷƹ뵡
ڰ׶תݣɫ⻪ת
̧һָһˮɫ⻪۵֮Уɵһ۷һ㷢˵ȫ²ͣ·š
ɫ֮УԼħʱʱ֡
ҶЦˣеͨѾ˷ҲСɣټϻսеߴͨһҲ˱ֶˡ
ԽȥԽǸоеͨƺԶô᲻ĸо
ֻӵеĲϲ㣬Ҳ㡣
Ź棬ɹ׸ܹͨõĽҶʵڲ֮еȺϼһǣҲᶯʲô׵ͷ
ƽ̣ϴΪǵ£ҲЩ
ϴΪܻһ֮ڵĺܶ೤϶ЩߣЩ϶޽ģ죬ףһԽУҶоɿߣ֮ҲֻǴӿѡ
޵վʵΪֻҪҶһղ뷨ླ磬ЩϾһղۿ
ЩȻʵǿȴûʲôĻԶԶȲϼ޻ƽ̡
ƽ̲ŰҶԶԶطȥϾҶĻʤλϣʵδ̫ˣûͻླ磬Ҷǲص֮еġ
Ҷһ·˼⣬ظеݵˡ
кȻ¡¡
ţȻ˵ҹҵݵҶ͵վˣ۾
ֻݵϿ֮Уһ۵ĺӣɫۣһ߽һߺϵĽơ
СˣôܵסӵˮףԹԵóݵ˵үһʱ
з֣ӿˮɫˮɫ۶һһŵ׻سĵϺ
ݵϴ˿̣ߴĽľԼߴһʵľϱڣصסӺˮס
ȺľΧ֮УɴȶУü΢Ƽʹһ㣬Աߵֳľ䱸ػߡ
Ҷɫ࣬쬵һ£λһƿգת˲ͷٵأԽߡ
ȻһǷӦȴĿ죬һһɫĶѾҶǰ
ҶɱһԲһӣСȻ¡¡طɳˡ
еͨȻСɣСתǵӦ֣ȻǼ
꣡Сݺڶ棬һɺ嫵ľӿ
Ʊµļһ㣬ʱСһҵķѡ
ҵıӶʱʹشˣۼҶһԲ泯ץ˹кݶƥŵùֽһתͷܡ
㻹ܣ磡ҶŭһķλȻ˼˶ޱȵ絲סȥ·
Ǻ͵һҧ̧ȡһˮɫķ˿͵سȥ
ˮѾΪˣˮݵķˮ¶θʮ
ҶС͵һתХ˺棺ƣ
¡¡Сɫ쵴ʢصںϣ͵ںҳһ޴ն
飡ӲҽһҶϾˮ棬ˮ֮׵ӺԾ˳
Ҷɫһ֮£һɴּ̽˶ǯŤסӵֱۣһ˺
̵Ĺ˺Ӷʱ˾Ĳҽʣһֱֻ͵һԼʣһνסȫԱǰٱٶȳǰȥ
ˣҽ󶼲Ҷŭ֮£зɳǸںڵĳǹһǹͷ


285 ˫ͷ
ҶӴز֮ɴļ٣漴û˵תٵеλá
ҲҶ漴̧˻ӣΧĽľǣ׷˿ˣͷԵؿҶ
ɴԭأɫЩ԰ףҶ΢΢Ƥգգһ
ɴҶסһڣֻ̫ѡ
Ǹʿֵϵʱɴ֮£漴˶͹ǽٺͳ٣ħۼʹǱȲٵģȴ쳣գߵı٣ټµƴ֣ʹоյضɹؽ
һĵҲʵ̫һЩ
ɴѾûˣͰһʱɣһжҡҶذƽˣȻ漴ȡһЩԸԼڻͿĨ֮С
ҶƽˣŲƵסķ֮Уֽٻ͸ȡ֮⣬ĬĬ߳լԺ֮С
ٻͱҪڿ飬ǿҶ׹ȫһɱģƨҲһ̾ǵط
ҶһԲ漴˸ĺ̲棬ȶеĴǹƽԼϥϡ
¹͸֣ɳ̲ȾһƬ˪Զ˺֮
Ҷ۾ǹվעǰӰ
Ϊ׵ȴһ״Źֵߣ˶Դͷ׵ҷؿҶ
ȴǸݵӣֱѾԹؿҶ
¸¸£һ˹ľСô˫ͷ¶һ˿عЦɷ뵣ԼѪɫ͹ǰɫħ
ߵһ˹ȥָҶߵ棡쵰棬ӱҪΪף٣⴦ķϵ͸棬û뵽
Ҷüë΢΢һ漴Ц
˫ͷˣ޵֮Ϊ֮üħɢ֮һ˫ͷħ
˫ͷħģԴһʱͱǺȴһħָͨ
˫ͷħԴ֮ԼĶصΣԴҲǸͨԴѾ˵ص龳磬Ѿĸˡ
һ˿ɽˣиǵ⣬ĬҶȵСţ⴦׸Ҽ棬򱾴үߵͷϴնֱۡ
䣬Ҷ͵һںڵâߣһĻû˵꣬Ȼоʺзһˡ
ͷһԼžȻһڴѪˣɢ
Ҷǹһ㣬ȫ˲䱬ѳѪױɢ˿
󱲡Ҷһǹһһξ͹ˣ
Ҷ΢΢Ц̧ǹ漱ٶһ£ɢһԪǡ
СȻҵűɱҵӣҲɱ㣬ĲΪˣ˫ͷħʱףԴǰɫĹ⻪һǰһǰתۼͻһ׹ħ񣬳Ҷ˺ҧ˹׵λѪⱩ֮£һ˶Ѫ߻ǣҧ˹
ףҶεƮƣһӣһɳˮӿɷӿɸɷִ̺֮Ͷĳһлдִƹӭڶײ֮ת۾ͱӿըѣգȻ󱻴ɢ
ǻս񾭣ɷݻķ׸˵á
Ҷüͷһ壬ǹٵҡ֮£֮мӿǧ֮תۼͻһ״Щӭİ׹ħǶ񶷳һšòɿ
¡һ죬Ҷ̧һ֮£漴ʩչ˷޼ޡ
̧͵һָ֮£ִϵȻһɫˮĥֱޣϸ˿ĵ죬ջ裬֮žž죬Ƽ侪ˡ
Ӳ֮ҵر˹ͷ׹ħͬʱĿҹ⣬˲ͱը˿
˫ͷ΢΢¶֮ɫ漴̧һ֮£Ȼһ׹Ӵ涼ǰ׹õģħ뵡
ұ˫ͷӴһ֮£һŻҺɫųҶҵײ˹¡¡
ɣҶֱһ֮£ɫĹܺȻһֻ˶ޱ͸͵ſѪڣһھͽȥ
ţ뺣һ㣬Ϣؾôˡ
˫ͷ򼸺Ŭ˳ŵؿҶֱɫת޶ܡ
Ҷ̧ĨһǣкȻѿˣһɫĵӰ¡¡ݺݵس˫ͷħա˹
˫ͷħһеİ׹оһƬƺݺӭӰ
¡
Ӱ֮Ŀռ֮Ȼա£һ׹оϵİ׹Ǵ˿
˫ͷħŵôһתͷܡ
ܣûôףҶһ̧Ǳ˫ͷķһ·׷
˫ͷħܵ÷ɿ죬Ҷ׷ø
ĳСӣķǳͷ˫ͷħ߳ŭˣִ̧ϳһչյģҶ˹ˡ
ҶһЦѨ֮еȻָ֮£֮жȻһһֻɫĹֺȻм¶ħͼһ
˫ͷħиоʧɫ֮£ҪջԼķȴǷԼķڱҶһ֮£·֮һ㣬Ȼʹˣ
ҿҶ͵һȣһ˫ױȵľز˿ռ֮У˫΢΢һһ֮£һ˺һ̶ؼХıӿħӿħͼıȻһץѣ
˫ͷħ۾Ҫ͹˳
ȣҶһζ֮£תһȭ


286 
¡¡һ˶ȭӰ㼲ɶȭӰ֮쳣ۻĴɷ׻硣
˫ͷħ⧲֮£һȭ޻˸ţҶ߶۵ɷ֮£Ļ׹ħѪѩһ㣬׷ۻ˿
һȭ˫ͷħѪ
ôܣ˫ͷħŵشһ
Ϊʲôܣ˫ͷħô׾ٵˣô֮л찡ҶһЦǱ޸ĵ˹صԳĵˣһҪһԴ
˳֮£ҶһХ֮£һƣ˫ͷħʱһɣѪ
Ҷͷ϶Ȼ˴Ƭƹ⣬ķ֮УȻһޱߵİԵ֮ʱѹķ
˫ͷħʱزҽһѪһ·ɴ˳ȥ
ȥҶǱ֣ζһ֮£תۼ˫ͷħߣ̧һХһԴ
˫ͷħʱŵôһһ֮£ȻһԵףסҶⱬҵһ
꣡Ⲩ֮£Ѫ֮£˫ͷħһྱѪⱬ¶ɭɭĹѪ⡣
װɣҶЦһָſһ֮£һۻ纣ĴɷȻס׵ļ顣
˫ͷħŲӷ˻⾪һͷ˻ǣڿз·ûͷӬһҷ裬˺ҵش
еħͼȻ˿˿Ѻˡ
Ҷɫ䣬μ֮£ֶصĵ֣һɲ֮ͻӳǧٵѩӰ
ȻҶͨˣûбҶȫеͨۼأȴҲеˣҶֶһͨҿ֮£ʱҲ˫ͷħþĶǡ
̶Ƭ̵Ĺ˫ͷħȫ±㿳߰ʮɼǵĿӣ˼ش
ȻײǻδܹͷĿ־ҶÿÿһʮʮƷԵֿ־С
һʱ˫ͷħȫѪģǸˡ
Ҷŵһ·׷һ·񿳲ֹ
ƣҶСһգСͱݺĻڻɽ棬꿦꼸ɽ󣬾ȻҶСһ˸ɸɾ޴˳ȥСȻһ𵴵Ʒ˳ȥƼ侪ˡ
ЩɢǣۼʵıûжٵģۼƴܵıȴǱԶԶġ
֣
ϿպȻһɫƹ⣬һֻ֣һ¾סҶеⷽС
һ¾ᣬʱҶһ
ܹ־ַסСΪߣӦصԪص񵤾
һɲǣҶ͸оԼϷ·ܵһѹƺͽ
ɢоȻ˵ҶвԾæ̧һգⷽСڿеһתƮƮ䵽Уؿŵ·
һͷڣ練۵ӷٵУԱ̷ɳʮˣڳ˰Բ״ɫƵؿ
ִһѩ׵Ĺ⻷˫ͷϣֻ˫ͷϵ˿̾ۿɼٶָ˲١
˫ͷվֻ۾ݺݵؿ
СҼڴˣٺ٣ҿܣ
˫ͷõ˿ɽʱֵ
˱׹ǿҶϴͨɫʱһݡ
ϣ죡ԥһ£һǶ⽫ੲݷ̵˫ͷħȷ˳ȥ
˫ͷʱһ仰Ҳ˵ˡ
˵漴ЦݣҶһָָԱ׹˫ͷѣϵĵ˱ħɢޣǰѾΪۣû뵽ϾȻĲϢ˵ѣǧ¡
Ȼǵֿô˵ˣôҾҷŹˡҶɫ裬Сص߼תݡ
ʵڹ̲ܽϣǶԵ𺦣ԸѲһ˵̧꣬һ֮£һӨ綹ĵҩ˹ĻԪ䵽֮С
˴ֱʣʱҶʵʵһЩ˼ص⡭ʹã
ЦǺǵصȨº͵ѽһԵɡ
Ǻãˣ¾ȴ֮ˡҶɻ󣬵ֽ˹ŵޣʵڹⲻȥҶĳˣǡ
ˡԶ͡ЦǺǵһõ˵ģ
Ҷ漴תͷ˳ȥˣݵķϻȥˡ
ҶԶˣԭƵ̾ͱ
Աߵ˫ͷħصϣҶ˶ϲΪβ˸ץǧС
žž漴͵תһʮ˫ͷħϣѾ˱ŭ֮еҲˣԴͷ
˫ͷħĶǿ׶һٶ˿Ѫ˳
һٶ⼸ȵϸոҶ׷ɱʱһҵˡ
˶²ֻ࣡㾡£Χɢޣ˭ȥͨˣЩ¶ĵŭؽҸ㣬˫ͷħϷеֶܣһ£Ҿܽңʮ˲
׵غ˫ͷħһ֮£漴˵շʱģˣʱ¶ɫſڵϣԴһ㲻ͣߵͷĲֹ


287 
Ҷ뿪ĵ֮һ·漴صԼݵϡ
ɴȻں˯ٻſſŹһſˮŹǷҶɵһ
ٻһС˿ƤҶ漴ʵˣ
ˡҶֶ̧һҩһƨɰһߣһβںԣֲЦˣû뵽˫ͷħȻˣ˼һǮƽҾͷŹˡ
˼Ұ˳ϳˣҪȻĻҲŹ㣬˫ͷħôҲصΪٻץһ𵤣һȥ
һ𵤽ûڣٻ۾صɴˣһ˦βͣһ°ҶƷ˳ȥ۵һ³˽𵤵ңϸצϹۿߡ
ʲôٻͣҶûˤһſŭվʵ
ٻͺȻɵϴǷһ漴̽צһ𵤣žһ𵤸˿
渽ٻͺȻʧеɫ쳣صص֮ɵĽ𵤣
ʲô֮Ҷʵ
еķٻͼҵضצӣ͵˵壬ôӵеķ֮壬ӵеľ֮ӵеľ֮
ҶͷΪʲͬķͬɣ
ûٻʵһ亹ô꣬ײˣ鷳Ĵˣ˫ͷħеģ
ٻ͵ɫ쳣ѯʵ
ж󣿡Ҷٻ͵ģ˵ѣ漴ʵ
ҲΪʮǰ޴˺սһҵ죬ֳˡٻһֹشߴٵϽģϱصͨǼƽ̣鲻ֵܹġ
ٻɫѾأҶ漴û˵Сؽɴгһ·֮зٸȥ
Ҷȥͨôɴ££ϵ磬ڣʵ
ҶЦĺˣҵ¹ѾˣȨĿסɵĹ涨ǶЧģ˵ˣҲûй涨˿Ծסõĵ
ɴ˵ͷ˯ȥˡ
ֻƬ̵ĹҶѾϵͨɵɽ֮⡣
ϳʦ㡣ҶͷŮ
ʱ˿̵ĳֻͷϳһƬƹ⣬¡¡ݣȻǵΪѾ׽Ϊ
Ҷ֮˵ЦݶЩӲû취ҶѾصΪˡ
ʦ֣ɱôƺˡﵹҲûʲôֻȴɫһ䣬ЦҶʦɱңҿɵ𡣡
Ҷ漴ЦʲôģǶλӦò̫þܹɹ׽ˣˣʱ䶼棬ҵĹˣ
Ѿˣ͵ء￪ڵҺͻѾ˼ĵӵĹȥˣλǡ
ֻ￴Ҷߵɴзһ˿ʵ
ҶɫصλɴѣںϽʶһλɢޣѧţͨ伮Ҳ˴Ҫɹħ٣Ҿʹصڡ
ɴǰһλˡ
ֻͳҲһ
ǾͺáҶ˵ͷλǰ·ɡ
ֻ϶ܹڿշеķ£漴ͷɵǰ棬ԼĪɳǧ⣬Խصɽ壬ڿߵһ罣ɽͣ
ɽɽͷæţеݣеֲݡ
ЩǸӦ˿е֮漴׷׶ӭ˹ҶݼҶʦ֣
ţΪҴй͡ҶޱɨΧһƬ
һ֣ʮƷºͼԪͷַȥһһЩҶرպйĲϣ׭󷨣õн˰ʮһ죬ܹڿշУĴܹ֮ʣǿѪ֮ʮ֮
ЩصĵǶʱ־ϲæҶлʦʹͣ
߽˴ڲ֮Ҷɨһ¹ڲһŮӴӵ˹Ҷʦ֡
Ů󷽣üһ˿˿ҶҶеǣŮӾȻһλʥ
Աߵֻ￪ڵλʦҵֿѣ书Ҳ䣬Ҿţ㹬ڵִˡ
ţĹܲҶ˵ͷָָԱߵɴλɴںʶһλɢޣҪﳤסһʱ۵ҪҺúкˡ
˵꣬һɫ󰵽Ķ̽ݸ˷䣬׭Ĳƣ汦
˹ɴɴѣɴ
ɴ΢Ц
Ҷתٵ֮ͨ⣬ſڵһͯʵƽ̿ڣҪƽ
ʦֵĻƽ̸ոλϿᡣͯӿڵ
Ҷ漴߽˴֮Уվڵڣüͷ΢˼ʲô
ãҶˡе΢Ц
ƽ̣ҪҪҶɨһΧڵ
޷Χܿӣ˵ɡ翪ڵ
Ҷ漴ͽľԭԭظ硣
˵ʲôɫ৵һ±ˣϢ׸ˣʧ壡ȻֳˣҶ¹ش㶼Ҫʲô֤
мƷĵϳ֮Ҷӿռ֮еʮʥ˳ݸƽ̹Ŀ
Ѿɫһת
Ȼǻʵ֮ƽɫһİǡ
ΪȺòһıҶڵӹơ
㲻عƣȻˣǾ;һС¡ɫ쳣أ³һʮǰ廹ֻǶúֱײ³çɱʮ壬ȴѾı¼ˣд鷳ˡ
漴Щ𵤣ͷҶúܺãյһ󹦣ڲҪţһ
Ҷ漴ȥˡ
漴ֹסպȵӰϡ
кȻһĲһݳĳٿȻҶߣޱؿƽ̡
ȥݵ仯Ҷģǻύϸǵһжκ춯ֱӽ


288 
Ҷƽ֮漴ַصԼĹ֮кŰÿϸɴ۵
һԪ𵤶ƽ̸ûˣִ͸ҶһԪӤ
ȻƽѾ֪ҶɴĹϵҶ˵˽ģȴûָ𣬱Ͼ֮еЩ¾ƽ̶еƣ˵Ҷˡ
Ҷ֮£ɴֽɹѪǽ١̽١ؽ֮е洫ӶкܴɶȺȨ˵ֻҪɵһɳ϶ǻԺܴĿݡ
˵ɴˣֻҪҶ򣬾û˵ѯɴ
ħȴǱҪǿҵĳ֮²ܱҶɴؽħ֮һЩħ٣ҲԼˣƽȴֹ֮£ҶҲֻܰؼشԼĹ֮ˡ
ʱ֮У洫Ƕǰݷһ£֮۵УеһλʦֻĹϵļѣΪѾصΪˣһħħͼӡΪĴħħþʹ˴ľ
Ҷ漴ʦħͼɴֿʦչɴ͸ĴʥˮҴӦֻǿշ֮󣬾͸Ĵʥˮ
ʦողأҪʥˮϴԪʱ漴ȻӦ

һǿ֮УʯתգԼһƵһ
Ҷ֮ϱһ㣬һɫ쵵ľսװ㣬ɢɫҫΧΧʱշ籩ӹ󣬱ϵɫһ֮£׷ƽϢ
еһĶ̵Уһɫķת֮£ΧĿռ֮׷ױ˹
̵ĵ棬һ͸²
ռ֮и֮Ҷ̧һץ֮ȻϸСķơ
֮иһϸϸĽ߷ɿתţЩϸС͸ķʼ۳һţһɫķͼ֮۶һ͸ĵΣûпУǲһϸܵݡ
֮иͣҶ漴̧һָѾεĶ̵ؽʢ
ţҶͷƹ֮гһϸϸĽγɵľݵΣʼˣǰȴ𲽵ģ
ڣǰи֮оģޣͷϵ֮ͨӵһϯ֮ء
֮ѾˣһӦǱͨҶ̧һָһľСָ跭
иͱͨҪҪռ֮ǻѰʿͶӰҪиͨҲҪʮʱУҶƾŷۻ룬ǿ޷ȴֱӾˡ
Ҷ۾֮˸ŵĽ⣬֮۵ע֮£ƬʯڵɢŨʯһࡣ
ľҳҶȻָҵһз·һľһ㣬ĸϵӵʯ֮еĸɫʯ۶һ˶ʯǳһ㡣
м䣡ƣҶһХ漴˷СֻС棬ɫ쵵˸ݣЯ֮ƣݺݵغ档
¡
Сһ¾ͽʯ˱˿¶ʮɫľʯɫľʯ֮УһɺɳĮ嫺Ӱ񣬴һŨɽ֮
ɰϵĲϣǺö
Ҷ漴̧һָָɽĵλã϶Ȼһټĺڶһھͽ̺˷ḻ֮Ļɰûȥ
ûʲôöˣҪûһطˡҶȻɨһƬǳʯҡҡͷ
תָɽΧĴʯ˸֮תٴη𳯲Զȥ
ҶеͨѾˣееתٿеֻͨ㹻ŵرܹ̾ɣΨһȱҲŵرˣպĻֻҶҵҲгɹ
ֻܵǿ֮ˣոָɽҿ˼ʯҵ˲ٵƺ֮
￴ûкöִϸңһ²Զһʯ漴ɶݶȥˡ
Զ֮УȻһ⣬ţԶһŻ˹Χʯ׷طָࡣ
Ҷһ漴μƮƣ䵽Աߵʯ֮Уɵرܿۡ
ҷ涸Ȼһεľ˶εסˡ
̫˰ɣҶüͷһ壬̧Ữһ£ϺȻһɫ쵵Ĺ֣һɨ֮󣬾ж㾢
ٿȻ֮ͣУȻѿһŻˡ
һƮƮĺӰ滺
ǣɫ㣬˪
Ҷɫ΢΢סеĳǹ
Ůӻߵǰһ˫ҹĺͫޱִŵͷעҶӡ
ã΢΢ȻҿԼɴˣ¶һ׵һ˫ڵͫǳ
עҶĵ̾Щ㡭ûô
һֱܺáҶ΢Цء


289 Ů
㻹ǵôɴŮɫƽʵʱôãֻҰɡ
дŨŨԹ
ǵãƮ塣
ֻǲ֣ͰҸˣɴŮص֮оȻһŨŨԹ
ûУƮô룿ҶȻ漴һЦδ㻹ִ
ɴŮӵ꺮ͫжȻӹһĨһļ棬ȹ̽һֻѩ㣬ǰ̤һҶǰˣֻôճյӣһһҲŹ
֮гʱշ籩Ȼܹƽһ㣬̤һʱıһȦɫӰõķͼӰ˳ŹȦתݡ
һĻҶѾ΢΢һδƮΪȻֲֵز
Ȼ˽𵤾ԼҪ߹εľأͨƷֻҲԶԶ֮ϣ
ҽԼʮ󷨷ʮͨ
Ϊ޵֮ѾСͷе۷徳ˣڻصҶ޷ȵġ
ҵɡƮ忪ڵ㻹׼Ҫ϶أ
ΪҶ΢΢һƮ壬ΪڱҪǿˡ
漴棬ҿƱķ֮С
ҵľͨһֲ֪ľɵģͨʵذдŻϢ
֮װε׺ΪţֻǼ򵥵Ź˼ŹŻѣһǧ̴ľΣԱ߷˼鼮
ԱٿȻһɫӰƮˡ
ȥҲڵȡд͡Ʈ嵯˵ָ赭дص
ɫӰ漴Ӧ˳ȥ
㵱뿪֮ȥ϶һɣҶʵ
뿪֮Ҳ֪ȥδָͣƮ֪ǾѡȥӣôƽӹĶȹһģɱֵȻʹ˴뱲ӣǴ˧ҵĽ̵ͬҲȼҵҰģֻ˿ôϵˣĴ˾ɹã϶ΪԵͱΪ˵ӡ
Ҷţ۵緽棬ĴҶǼΨһĸˣϧɲܹҾ˼˳ɾҲֹֻѣܹٽһˣΪӵƮ嵹ǵ洫
ڰʸеĽƮһգҲգؿĵصڰʸУʮ꣬൱һ꣬Ҿôʮһյ꣬ɾ˽𵤾
ȻҶһӵпռǱӵпռǵѾܹʱ䷨ģ˵ˡƮ壬дԵ
ԱǵɫӰƮȻжһ̣һֻ໨ɵĲ豭
ֻǱˣۼʵѧȴԶԶȲˡƮһ¹̣صɣѩز˶ʮɵġ
Ҷÿɷ˱һپһɹɰڴȥɱĸоֱ֫ٺ֮һ㣬ɵش޵þƣ
֮һɺȻŷ˳ʱоȫ֫ٺסһ㡣
ôЩˣҶؿڣֻؿһǣȫ˵
ɫص
˾ͶˣҩǺǿģֻǲ̫ʹһʱҲ뻯ˡƮѾһ˿顣
ҶתҩԣƬ̣̾һ̫ˣʵʵȫûбҪôġ
Ʈɳճյֻ£û㶯֡
ƮȻһסĸ첲ӣֻ˵仰ͺã
Ѿ˼ǹ⣬дŵһ˿ذҶˣ侲ص˵
ƮȻᴹףʵֻһ䣬ɴȣ˭ɫأ
ҶһЩޱȵ˳
˱ӣʵô֪ɴ
Դ̤֮һֱܹ顣ƮƮƲҧ´صҷ˼ܶΣΪ˴Ϣ
Ҷһʱ״סˡ
ھǸɵӣҲ֮жҶˡ
οҶɵӣӼƮĵһ棬ԹԹ֮оˡ
ƮԱ߳һǰչ׻ʳ֮дãûеõϢҾ룬ôĲѧţҪ㣬ҲӦñòѧţҾ˼꣬ıӰټҵĵ伮黭
չˣҶһʱشס
ֻ棬鷿֮еƻ磬Ҷһװʶǰüͷ΢ڷܱʼ飬һԵƮǳЦΪīһ˫Ͷϡ
ɴ˿ɼƮʱ򣬹ע˼˼
ܶණǲܹʱȵģķߣƯɴҵĵ£ֻҵѣʵҶѾ֪Ĵ𰸣ȴһ
Һ㡣Ʈҧ´Ȧ΢΢ĺˡ
ֻ㣬㵱ΪʲôҪңΪʲҪߣΪʲôҪңƮȻеҲҺܿͻ㣬ǣֱڣֱ־磬Ҷûǣ
µ£ҲͲ뵽ЩˡҶЦһ赭дرܵ
Ʈ嶨ȴ쳣ᶨҡͷкܶ˶ôҷˣûһܹȵġ


290 ؽս
޷Ҷʱ飬ľضԭأƮԹԵš
ʵϣҲǶ˵ģЧǿɢĺ̸ڵĸһ㣬ȫÿһλôʹڵᡣ
ƮĬĬҶԺǰʦɹõԡ
ҶǺˣ
Ʈ壬ȻͬĸŮʦǱȲеǸˡʦ˵仰ʱ̾Ϣһ
Բʦ
Ҫ˵ԲƮ壬ûʲôһ˲Ǵ
ʦзŲô죿
Ʈ壬ʿѾǷŮǰ㣬ȻϲһˣͲҪκεĹ˼ɣϲϲİһˣǻԶûһģҪô׾ܾӽն˿ҪôͺһһĽ֡
İ޷԰Σô죿
Ǿͼ޸ĸˣļȻѾôҲûʲô˵ˣʦָκ飬Ψڸ棬ȴԶ޷ָѡ񡣡
ʦԲ𡭡Դұ֮ҵҲŲˡ
Ҫ˵Բע㲻ܹΪҵĴˣҲûʲôѰһͺˣ٣ΪҰɸĴˣȴҲѳɵ
ûгò˥ɣҲûгòϵĵͳѾˣô̳еͳҲֻỵ£䷢ٲѳɵƮ壬Ҫȥںκ飬һͨŮӺమһˣΣҲõźˡ

ƮӼлָ˹ת
ܹЩ㣬жðƮ
Ʈ壬Ƚ⿪ϵɡҶڵ
ƮʦƵģе̺˱ͨЧֻѣһķ
ҶĽһ군ˡ
һͷǧһһô򵥣һǱͨ˵ͨһʩչܹһϵҩһʱ̣޷ˡ
Ҷ̾Ʈ壬Ҷδû뷨ҲӦҵʱĴûʸκŮһŵиǳ˷ŭͿ־壬ͷֻҵһŶѣͱЩӵˡ
ˡƮƲǰḧӣʱܹ¸һ㣬ҵˣ˭Ҳ᲻ߡ
Ҷзһ˿ɬ漴εǿգΪѰһЩвϣͨõġ
ɴҪеͨôƮɫƽע
ǡҶ֪ѩŮӣֻǵ˵ͷ
ǺãôҾȥɡƮɫƽ޲
ҷ۶һתԶʱճϫг˹ȥ

ؽԨ֮Уĳһİĵ
Ƭ֮йʯᾣƴ۸ӣһȺһȺĵħƣڷΧɫŮӡ
еһŮڿУƣӿȵķݣͷɫӢаӶ񶷳һš
棬һɫŮһֳֽһֳֳޣս֮ݺԾȥ֮Χħսʿ׷ױ㵹ڵأʱʱطɳںڵĳ޾סԱߵһʯ񣬽𣬱ܿ˵ħΧ
ŮӵĶ鶯ߣϱ뵣ȻӵбȴʼնʹñӲƾ޵ħսʿԿ
ŮභаӢͷϻţϻһЩϸСۼףȻΪѾ񾳵ħ
ԵͷħʵԶԶŮӣʮغ֮ŮӺȻХһһ֮£һűɫĹ˳
űɫĹΧһȦһȦˮɫĵ绡ݡ
໣ͷħͬʱֽһȻһȦĹ⻷ɴߵıϳһɣһֻŶľ֣ݺץ
žͷħ˵ħӡıһը˲٣Բʮھһ˪
ͷ˲䶳ħӿ͵صžһˤ˷飡
ͨɵСȾǱ뱾ʵĵ򣡡
һдŭ쳹գ
Զһݾ֮Уһ쳣ִħֻڵħħγһħͷ­ת֮ͻһֻ֣ɴץ˹
淨һŭ⣬ֽ̧仯ʮӡ͵һ֮£кȻɳһƬ֮ףȴһ쳣ҵ
ֻīľֽ֮£ǵľҲ
¡һɷ籩ӽʴ˳ʹһѪ˵¡
֪СǼƽ磬ҲδصұħʣħʺٺٹЦʵСĻӻδ̣ʽվͽΪҶӵĳ񣡡
ȥɴ͵һҧе񵶷ɼһɴתۼͻһɵĽɫĻ泤͵˹ȥ
СħʲмЦһ
ֻ뵵ľֱúһ·㣬漴ָһ֮¡
Ѿһָɵˣ
ɴһҧٴּ̧˵ڤԪӡڰ˫ת֮£һŵشŷ籩ֻͻ
¡ֻڵľֶʱһײ˸ţӿĴűתۼͽָֻڻ˴롣
ףħˡ
ãһƷıѾܹɱɵˣˣʾЦˡϵ
ұɴ߳һڤԪӡ֮кȻڵĹⲨһһˮķطɳݺݵӡͷħʵľϡ
꣡꣡ڵķһ±鿪շ·ľһ㣬ǧ飬һӾͽָֻ𵴳촷ۡ
ˣɷյȻԲʮɽʯľ𵴳һƬ촷ۡ
ʱɴʵʵһ
ˣģСԭһʶ㾹Ȼñ͵ϮʣձʶҪ𣡡
ߣ漴һɴ߳һĵȫķȫ⼲ȥ


291 ɴʦ
ɴһ·ѵͨһٵس˵ؽԨͨǴ˱ħʵŭ
ʱ˿̣ɴȻڡԡֱ
Ҷеʱŷ֮󣬾Ϳⶣˣǵ˹ؼʱ̣ǧǧҪʹá
ҶΪ˲ɴģûиŷ
һμͨȫͷţֿռ価ʱ𺳲ҵĳⱲҲǡ
ıʵŭ𼸺յ˾ȥˡ
ոձɴһǱ͵ϮţĿռ伸ͶӰľҲĲᣬıȴڵؽ̶ԶҪԽܶ۵ͨҪȴǲס
Ů˿Ҳòȥȴսָ֮ˣѾǿ֮ĩˡ
ڵͨͷ֮ԼԿĺۼˣ͵һҧ֮£ٳȥ
ͨһŮͬʱ׹ɳϣˤ˸ͷǱ
ɳĮ֮һɣͨһڵأһѪȾǰɳء
ʦ㣡ôɴɫףŻ˿˿ƵѪæ
ɫҵҧû£ﶼħķ޷ƽ̷ȷ
³һѪҧȡһֻηŵ绡⣬ವһзȥ
ʱ˿̣ħȴǡôظе
ֵСҲڱǰʩչؼ쳹űħʵĺ
ڤڤ֮УһεľأžŤĿռ䲨֮УȻɳһֻ͸Ĵ֣ݺݵؼסС
һߴڵӰ˵ϣһɫۼףɶϺɫ֮ͫȴǴһصİ
Ůоһξ޴ѹѹԼľϣ·ԼԵһͻᱻѹ촷һ㡣
СˣʻδԹĿնҪǴңħһ˫۾Ѫָսˣžһͽǵ𵴳촷ۡ
ħ󶸵һֻɫľָ֣Ů͵ץ˹Ҫѡ
кȻһ׺׺統Ȧ֮£Ȼһֻ׵ѩİ˱ɡ˱Ƕʡ
꣡ħʵħֺݺݵץ棬ֻɡ˱ת֮£ʹһץȻץȥ
Ȼ˵۸Сȥˡ
һöƵش·˿һϸСȴڶǳһ㡣
ħɫȴ̧ͷȥ
һһŶ̫۳һ˶Ļһ
޴ƥĻʮɫĻƲݡ
ħʶʱ¶֮ɫڵħ͵̧ž޴Ļһ
¡һɷ籩ҵɢ˳ĵϷĻɳ
ħʵͺһ˵֮С
ըѶǧ̫ȴûоɢͣתۼͻһɢϸϸı
ӣֱɢһε֮ңңָ˱ħʡ
ߺηˣҲҵؽ񣡡ħʵɫˡ
һŭա
ħʱϾҲǻħͷˣＫ侫׼ǵز֮ΪǰյĶҲǵصΪ
һ׺磬ǧİŮͬʱסˡ
ħʺα˷ŭǵľͷôҲúһδΪ񾳵ʿһʶ˰ɣöڳԹҲûУֻǵһעʦͽ֮Եħʸ̧֣뱾һԵ
ħɫ˱䣬Цһħǿʳұ²㣬¾ˣԣҾ˽
ǺǺǡ˵ħħͨһȻ١еŮӿЦˣҲգȻѽΪĿ꣬ôҲڴͻ븴ˡ
ħʺһתһɢڿ֮Уص˵ؽԨȥˡ
жȻһǹ۶ɵĿׯһһĹװͷޣʮģʮ߰ˣµһĸ߸ϻʵУִһƮص
ʣҲֻƽϼȻѾеصΪˡ
һ¹ڣǰлǰ֮
ؿзһ˦һİ׹ȻͷϣϸһڣֻƬ̵Ĺͽڰ˾Ȭˡ
ɫѪɫˣȻüͷ͵ŻһѪ漴תһڵϲصǰͨȻڵĳ˶ƺˣǰǺͨ
ǧ֮һ˵ͨ΢΢һЦ漴תȥ۾ϸϸشɴƬ֮󣬲׵ȻܲѹҶǸСӻΪģͽҲȲ㣬ɴ뱾ʦͽ֮Ե㣬Ը£
ɴ漴ҶĶʱԥ룬ǵ⡭ʵӣֻ²䡭
ǺǺǣʵӵĻαزԶ㣿ҷģȥò˶þͻҶСˡ
ǰ֪ҡˣɴȵʵ
΢΢̾ɴǺܺõģ˼Ҳܸɾ͵Ҳ̫ѣ˿֮ģ֪ʿһ־ᶨƣãã޼ѰУնɱԼһ·ǳֻȻܹɾ񾳣ɾҲ̫󡣡
ɴ𵴣صͷˡ
ԱߵɿһɴԵͲҪƾλǰĺˡ
ҡɴȻЩԥ
һ˫ӷ·ܹģȻɴ֪й˼֮Ը㣬ȻȥҶֻԸҶСӵ׸ǾҲˡ
ãǰ𣬵ԸǰΪʦɴ


292 
һһҹʱѾȥ
ƮֻĬĬضԱߣؿ
¡Ȼ΢΢ζһ¡
һɫӰɵ֮䣬һ񽫣Ʈ幪ˣѾʱճϫˣҪҪȥ
ƮվðɣȥһЩúտ
ΪʲôһȥҶЦŵ
ΪҲû취⿪ϵҩƮ彿ε࣬ĵص¶һ˿Ц⣬Ҷˡ
ƮϷ˺еһ˿ɬ֮⣬ᴹס
ϣҡҶεҡҡͷ
ЧȫҶ֮⡣
ڵĻĴȴɱı֮εؽû˿ĿĻɵͨҲɱš
ȫľѪǶᾧӨȴ˿û
ֻһ֣ͿԿͷʵֶˡ
ˣҺβͨأͨ϶ԣ
ҶԺкȻһԼоԼʶ֮еһýɫӣƺȷ˰㡣
ʶת챮תϢĹɡ
Ȼ֮ΪôԲġ
ҲҲзкҲаס
ܹͨɾͨҲɢͨ
Ҷ뷨
ЩĿ֮£ѾԶߡ
Ҷʶ֮гһ˶ѩεͼ
Ǳͨγɵķﻹں˷ӡͨŴͨĽ֮£Խһ棬ұԭģ
˵һ־ҩ˱ٴΣĻͿԷҩסȫе̲ͨص޸Լͨ
ɢµԪһķǾĿơ
ͨ˼޵ľ磬һ־ܹһ򣬶ǾɹֵΪĸˣһܹһСƬ
תڻųҶĬƬ̣ǻԼʶ֮еһɫϣȻһĨߣѸٸ˾֮еı֮
ЩӨѩ׵Ķ֮ϣƶһ㱡ɫĹĤǡ
ܹ֮˳УͬҲܹת
ţҶȫë֮ڣʼɢ˿˿ƽ׵ĶԼ·棬һ㵭ĺ˪
ֻת֮䣬Ҷȫ¶Ѿһı֮УӨ͸
ƣҶһ˫۷һţȫıصһը˿
ЩѾѳϸС飬ɢضǣڵϣ˶˵ˡ
ų顭Ҷʱһվ˶ϵ·
Ķѹ֮оԼõѹʹһ㣬ӱǿͼƥԼΪһ㣬Ҫٵ۷Ϊˡ
Ҷתߵ˲ŵλãش˲ţ̤Ƭ嫵ռˡ
ʱճϫ֮Уϧʯǳ˸ݣгԪܴżӰ֮£۶һſŵ˶ޱȵĻǳһſŲıǳʱʱԸӦĲ
ڳϫеȴŲٵһĶǿռ֮
ֲһѰ֮ءҶип̾
ͷϵƹ֮Уٴηɳڵķһֱ޵״һһݵĺڶΣǱɵͨ
бͨҶűͨģɵͨƽ̴ڡ⼸ͨҪÿռ֮۷̬ʱ塣
֮ޣҶ̧һָеı޵ӰϺȻĽɫӰ
ΧӿĿռ֮̾ͱ޸סˣ޵Ӱһһڵؽתʵ壬һ˳ĳ߽ڽڸޣ֮ˡ
һ裬Χվֳ״Ѻۡ
֮ͨҶѾɣ̧һָ漴Լͷϵƹ֮С
Ƭ֮˱޲ŽԼʶ֮У֮вһ
ԶԶȻһۻƴŴƮŭ
Ҷæͳ˹ȥ
ֻһƬǺ֮УƮڽǹѪͷǿŽ𵤡ࡣ
Ҷôѵ飿Ʈͺһŵؿ
Ƚ˵ٸ㡣Ҷ漴סһڡ
˷˵ʿƬͷһǣɫݵص
Ҷоֵǣǵ̺ŵҲʮأԼԼȻһɿռܹ֮Ƭʱճϫ֮ȥ磡
ħͷֲΧΧĿռԼԼЩ͵ĸо˶ѡ
ҶȻ㣡Ϊۻһŭһָŵص
ʶңҶüʵ
뿪żգͲϵˣΪ׵һЦֵܣս꣡սңս磡
ǵѾ¶˰ɣҶٺЦ֪ӰϿ϶ǳˣܹͬˣӳˡ
ǾӰֵľͷȻûܽǾȫߣɴ˿ɼ⼸ͷ֮
Ϊ׵սʿսʱǺҧгݵصЩɵ࣬ʮǰҪɣɵĳϾȻģթƭǣ޳ܣһҪʬΣң
˵ȫɫڶζһζڿлһӰָ֮һۻİɫ֮Уһ˹
Ҷֻ̧ǹסһһǹ𵴵죬͵һ漴һǹʮȭĻ׼˳ȥ
ҶĻ״ƥֻҪԴͻըѿҶѾ۷ľأ۶ɵĻǱƥܹա


293 ˫
Ǭ
ǹϲһִҶδ֮䣬ǹ£һɫպĿռ֮𵴳촷ۡ
꣡꣡
϶ʱ˺üѪըȫѪģ
ҶĻսУɱǹϰԵĻѸһǹ֮£ʱϽ˼Ѫ
ٺٺ٣Ϊ̶ֳȵķ˵˭սٺٹЦ
ֻıըѪⲢûȫķɢżܵϰ֮£սʿɢѪ⾡ۺ
ҶûõģԳգһԳɵԪʯǵɱƮ
Ǹô죿Ҷʵ
ֻÿռͨиɵȿռϵܹͨ˺ǵѰ֮𲻵޷ɱǵǽ
Ҷɫսʿ͵׷˹ҶĽ½̤˼ڿһ˸ȥһӰɵ۴С
ƣӰ֣Ϊ׵սһս硢սҶ˸һֻıһеȻ
սؿڵλãһ״ķתݣʮָ֮£һɹĴָϸĽ˹
֮УȻһˮǵ㣬ʮָ֮ɣת֮͸ء
ӰַһһĹŹ֣߱ɱһճ֮̾棬ɡ
Ҷ˵Ӱ̾ͱˣһһ˿ϣ޷ѡ
ٻͣ쵰һѣҶ֮£æе
Ұ㣬Ҷϴ󣡡ٻεˣƬʱճϫ֮УұܵѹƵģһʩչȫĴͻ᳹ױѣ
Ǹô죿ҵС͵ڤԪӡɴҶƴţسսʿʱһ亹
ԶƮĽ߳󣡽𵤳ƣ
ʩе壬ȻһӴķ
һȭĽ𵤣شӱ˹һӾͺλм䣬ʮͨͬʱȻ˿
ʩе߶ûк߳һͱ𵴵ĵ˳ȥ
ҶһɲǼˡ
̣֮иɣһǬҶһȣͷϵĵڵȻںϳһţгǹɳһڵâߣһںڵĶ߰㣬
ǬҶȻͺһǹ϶Ȼһ߾⡣
һǾɱǹʽ֮еĵУûʲôڵĹȫԿΪһгֱ֣ɱС
Ҷ˻ϵķںŴ
ϸǹâһ˴ֲսңǹâںȻٱ仯ת֮䣬һɾ޴ĺмиѡ顢𵴡ѹȵȾ
¡ת֮䣬ѾսҴֲ֮£Ҷһǹڲһӡ
ҶѾжǬ˼ߵľˣѾͻ˿ռʱƣףһɱС
սңԱߵսһ˫ĿʱѪ죬׷Ҷ
֮УҶ漴Ա˹̧ӣһںڵĵιâնһϡ

սֲͱҶ֮иͱţ͸Զ֮£ͱ裬ɱˣ״üҡѪɢնǡ
龧
ķռйأʮֵͨؾһڶÿռ֮۳һռ侧ʯרƷ
Ҷ̧һ֮¾ͽ龧˻С
ǹ漴һ֮£Ѿҷɣ¶һŽɫĶ壬ԼԼıĶĿҫۡ
սʩжˣʱŻһѪ
ûӦƮж̽һһѩϬĽ⣬Ȼʮɵľ룬һļͷϡ
սһֱϢؾͱж
Ůսʱ˻ұǸۣ
һİ׹Ƕƣͷһֻħףֻ۾͵ˣȴһļ׶Ρ
˴͸ҵķԹŮȴǳͷսɫѪȻһϽɫĻ档
ʼѪ󷨣˫Ŀ࣬һ
һ쳣ۻƴݺݵسСİ׹ϣϵħ׶ʱ͵Ĺ⻪һӾͶסҶ
ҶɹⲨһɨ֮£ȻоԼ·ܵҵļѹһ㣬Ȼ͵Ĺ⻪סˡ
˶Сİ׹ƣȻһīɫĻ棬һ㳯ҵײ˹
ƮĺȻһ߳һȦӿһȭĽ𵤶Ȼһ˹
¡޴˳׹Сƶʱһײ˳ȥ
Ʈ͵³һѪصƮǿŽȴѺۣҪըһ㡣
Ҷʱ˿ɵɱǹ֮ͬʱɳսѪ⡣
Ʈ壡Ҷŭһֱ̧סƮ壬漴ָһ̽ס˼ҪѿĽ𵤡
Ž沼ĿĵѺۣ·𱻴飬ڱ
Ҷͷϵ亹
Ʈǿ¶һЦûϵģҶҵĽҪˡ㻹뿪ɡ
Ҷ૵صƮ壬Ϊʲôôɵ
㵱Ϊʲôôɵôķҡ
ΪҶԥϲ㣡
ƮУȻһĨϲɫˡ
仰ֵˡƮ
Ʈ壡Ʈ壡Ҷһʱ䣬ŭӡ
׳գʶ֮дٻͲͷ𺿽ˣ˼ڣ˵ģͨ𵤵ıѣ
Ҷæ֮£æʩչָ̧ͨסŽ𵤣һڰ׹ȦعסƮѿĽ𵤡
ȻĽѵĽȿʼŻ
һأҶ˲ˮʵ
һЩ鷳ˡٻɫµص˼ҵ㣬Ӧɵİˡ
˵һɵİҲãҶѾ۾ŭ
ٻ˹ص˫޵ͨڵ϶ΪһȻͨԭ޲ý𵤡
㡭ҶûһŰٻ͸߷ɳȥͷֻ⣡
˵Ψһİ취ŲԲԣ㡣ٻЦ˼Ҳ㣬ͨûңֻһʱѣһʱ㲻ܵȵʦĻ͸Ͻܰɡ
ҶݺݵصһۣľȲĻһƤ
֮УҶʻһ·ɳۡ
ҵʱճϫеһСƬ漴˷ۣʱճϫеһ档
ɴԸ㲻ҪҡҶ̾Ϣһԥ
ó˵˿漴һţ߷˳ȥԶԶٻ쳣ʹ޳
ڳһ֮£֮еƮĺ¾ѣĺں
ɫ
ĵһΣȻҪ֮·Ҷζһ£ȫ·Ҳ¶һ˶
֮˫ϣ޸
Ҷ§סƮ壬͵ѹȥ
ͻһĶǵĴʹƮ΢΢ţʶģı
һһĴ͵Ѹڣʹصõ˻ָ
еһ˿ʶֵ۾ϵҶʱ漴ߣҪƿҶ
ҪƮ壬ڰˡҶʴ
Ʈ΢΢۾ҶͷϹĺˮһָֻϣڰ뵣εعסĽ𵤡
ڣΪˡ


294 
ʱճϫһСƬ֮С
Ϊ֤Ϊý
ҶƮѾˡ
˵һɫͨ˫޵ͨ˵ˮཻѾֱ˴ˡ
Ʈ΢գؿϷҶ
Ҷɫ£ָһɽɫڰתʱķתݣһȭͷĽ֮лתݡ
ԭƿʼͨת˹
Ԫ𵤻ָҶһ̧һģŽĽʶ֮ˡ
ƮʢѾָԭɫˣһֳһ쳣Ĺ𵴸ݡ
ҶֻϹһ̺ӣض±ϡ
ƮȻı󣬺Ȼ§סĲӣǲǺˡ
ɵӲŻڡҶת§סḧͷҪ˼롣
ôɴͣ
ҶԿЦԣƮĻˣԺô⼸㶼Ҫúõذҡ
ȥɴɡҶЦһһн
ңġ
Ʈ壬Ҳ˵һʲôоǲ̣ϧĹĶ꣬ЩվҪģôȥô岻׵ȥ˭һĥ𣿸ɴ˵ܹúദȥĻҾ˺˵еκһ
ʱճϫ֮е֪жҶʻȻ˺ܾãɻΧֻһСƬλԿ񱩵ʱճϫȫƽģһһصһſǳС
ЩǳͨҵĻ棬еǲ̣沼˲ľľ̲֮֮϶ǳѾǿˡ
ɣ
һŻͨͨǳȻҶӷ֮һԾɳָһţзɳһɫĸֱޣĿռ֮תݡ
ֱͨ岼˽ڽڸ⣬һɴϢ
⼸ͷƼѸһĳ֮£η޼ץۼǲǵ̽ץݺץһѡ
ЩӦ֮
ޣҶеı̧һ֮£еȻһ̣ȻȻ˿
̵Ŀռ·ܵ˼ѹһ㣬ͱǧƬ⼸ͷӿĹ񣬷عֽУӴռ֮סˡ
ţҶַɳ֮һ֮£εĺսʶ֮£⼸ͷطһҽУͱôиʮ顣
Ҷַ̧ɳС⼸ͷĻҽŵͱС
Ҷ˱ǴӵΧħǴʱúɫ֮һͷħαϽɻıѧġ
ħ֮صħͷԱͨͶӰ˵Ѿ˱ռ̬ޣһ޻ӻվ𻯳촷ۣʵƥ
иͨȻҲֻʺϹĿ꣬ʺֳΧĹֶΡ
űͨҪգûиôҲܵģ˵ͨǧ棬ǧǧܹô׾ͱգҲ̫ʵˡ
λħ֮ȴû뵽ҶľȻѧ˴˵֮ͨӵ
µĿռ֮ɱޣⱾһУԾλħ۳˱̬ɻǰѲԼҶ˷֮УȻظӡƬʱճϫ֮Уռ֮˱ޡ
ǧ֮УͨλеģнֻˡԸ֮£ħһֱƳΪħͨġֻصͬҲ
Ʈһ˫֮Ҷһν˫޵ͨһʹãû˿֮ͨһ㣬ֻоʮֵǣʼնβ
ʶ֮еʼնôһ㣬಻٣һȴʼնòһֱе˷ǳ֡
Ȼڹһ棬ѾʤСˡҶϲ˸ֱޡ
Сӣңٻŭ
ӵ֮̽˶Դˣһſ֮£һ鷽ʯĿ˳䵽Ҷ֮С
ôˣҶӹʯٺЦ⼸ںƮ̽˫޵ͨΪӦٻݣҶ漴ͽ챮ȥˡ
õʯٻϲ񣬲˼켸ҹĹƨҲûⲻɵͷСŭѡ
ʼն벻˼ұ˼ΣҲˣôǲ͸ʯٻ͹صЩ̫á
ᰡûʲôƣҲû˽ôܻ͸أҶӹʯԼС
뵽вɵһõʯ֮ԼľĵøɴɴͬҲ޷ʯƾҶ˵Ŀڸǲϡ
ոսƮʱƮҲˡ
ȴоͨ˼ƺĪĹϵ


295 
ƮұۼһСƬ֮̽š
ǵʵҲֻ̽һЩ˵ͻΣˡ
⼸һֱʱճϫ֮зУΪҪԿʱճϫ֮вȶʱշ籩˶ҲоҲЩƣˣҶϵിʥˮѾõ߰˰ˡ
Ҷúա
һСƬ֮Уȷڲ̺ͬ˽ľˮǳΧǳͷ󣬵Ųǳȴһ㣬ǳĤݡ
֮а׹һչҶ˳ȵվǿ֮Уɫء
ƮĽ֮жһȦɫ쵵ĺ⣬ҫķҶֱۣߵСŮһ㣬ʱʱתͷһۣгŨŨҸС
ͨ˫޵ͨҶֱӾͽԼɵеͶӰʶ֮УһƮĽһ㡣
еۻʵǿķ
ҶЩǳ̺֮㹻ͨˣΪʲôＳȡƮĸ첲ʵ
ҪŽЩǳȡҶסƮ壬صؿһСƬȻصص
ָָΧתɫǳǳ֪˶γɵģתϢȹĿռ䣬ƪƻֻ̾Ҫ⵽ΧʱճϫļѹˣЩԭȹĿռһʤҵıˣ缳ȡЩ㹻ˡ
ЩǳϵЩоûɵ飬ӦЩǳ˵Щ鶼Ƕоɵľ֣ЩҲСȹǳá
Ŷԭ˰Ʈ˵ͷ˹
ǳγɵѭ򣬻תݣ֮γĬˣǳγɵȴ˲ô࣬һ֮û˵ͷɱɱòɿѪɺӣȻ󽫶ֳɵ׳ԼʵУΪߵ鶼Ѿ񾳶Ϊ
ҶһƬǳ֮һһƣԸԲͬľ׽Զɱš
ɫľ֣һȺԳ֮ľ֣θߴ࣬ʱʱطë׵ĺץ֮۳һ˶ʯʯһ㣬ݺݵسȥЩľҵϡá
һľɵĴ׺ǾȻֳľ۶ɵıɱţΪ׵һͷľѾûΣֳһɶľսһȦȦɫ绡֮ЩɫԳľ׸ըѪɡء
һӶӾľȴһ˸˴ִľǹͬ͵ľףһαǹɣһը֮¾ͽЩԳըһƬ
໡ȺԳڰͲס־ˣ׷ʩչ˵ضݵķƹһ֮£һ¾˵֮С
Ϊ׵ľս͵ؾ˴շ˳һƬ˸ִͬǿһ㹰˵
Щոն˵еԳץ˳ˡ
Ҷһ·Ϲȥʱ򣬷ǿ֮ŵжϵ֫壬ЩЩķ۶ɵģЩ𲽱š
ҶֽһֻݵתеĻϵͨתۼͽֻ㻯ˣһۼû
Ǻ֮кȻһ߿ĺһͷ˶ޱȵǿ˳ͷ˶ͨʺڻɫֶ̣֫ϵɽͰ
ЩľеԳһȴǴϲ׷໿ƺǵĿɽˡ
ͷһ֮۾׼ǰľɵĴӴһӾײ˹ȥȺľ˴¡һ¾ͱײķ˿Ϊֳľ񵶵ľһХвľƵĴ󵶳ҵն˹ȥϲһִɫ
֪С㻹ΪǶǰ𣿱Ƭ֮꣬Ѿľˣͭ飬һ֮£ײľ
ϵ洫һ޷ݵĿռ䲨֮һӾͽľ˴ײһľ
ͷһ֮漴ڲͣһ·¡¡ײľ˴֮УֱײЩľ˴ֲ֮£ײľ˿
ҶȻƶ棬̧ǣţĵڶԪľſ˴ڣཹཱུɴľ
𣡡ͷ쳣Ӵ𣬴׳һɨʯһ˫ۣͭݺݳҶײ˹
ιιҲǡҶһҪͣͷѾҵس˹ҶǰһڣоͷײֱһСһ㡣
ſһ֮£һŰŶҵغ˹ɫ׵˺¡¡֮֮ʯ׾һ֮µͱ𵴳촷ۡ
ͷȻܹˣ
Ҷа²ҵ̧һӸֱޣһҵغ˹ȥ
ҽ֮£ڻƽӵձ
ͷؿҶ͵طһ߿ΧϵʯȻӿʮ쳣ִӿð˳
Щɫȫ˾ɫۼףץɡ
һͷȻһ漴һչ֮£ͳҶҵس˹ȥ
ұҶ̧һ޳˹ȥһͷײһУԴش˿ҶҲײɳ׿⡣
ͷҲҵس˹ոհҶһ޵ͷȻڿٴ۶壬Ҷҵײ˹
Ҷ֮£漴ְγ֮ջ֮£ʮϸĵи磬⼸ͷٴαи˼Ρ
Ȼҵ֮жû£
׳գʶеٻŭһûӲİ׳գΪ⼸ͷ˵ĹµûĻͷѾʱճϫľ⼸ͷڶ̺ʱ֮ñиԸûõģ
Ҷתͷһ⼸ͷȻٻϣ⼸ͷܹʱճϫ֮硣ɢһʱ֮Ĳ
˵Ҹô죿Ҷʵ
Լȥ롣ٻޱصееͨ
ҶʶⶸȻһ
ˣееͨ
֮ҼȡҶһ任ȻķЩɫķһɽơ
ƿһӣƺɫġѩһ㣬ƮƮ
⼸ͷЩС˶ƥϱЩһӾϡ
ЩɢĽ⣬һ˶УˮһѸǵڣתۼʴ˼˶Ŀˡ
⼸ͷʱĺ˶ޱȵת֮ͱЩɫķڣûų嵽ҶǰڼٳȡǾķѾתˣȻһ
Ҷ̧һ֮£Ѿۺһ𣬻һ˶ķԼˡ
ôܣͷ˾޴ĺһ˫۾ɵһ㣺Ȼܹҵķ
ΪʲܣҶ漴Цһ˫һģҷɵɫٴͷ˹ȥ
͵ؽӴͷ̷֮ǵĻɫâ
æſۼףһɹɫѸһϸܺڻƾףֵסЩ֮һķʴ
ЩɫķǷɿݺݵʴһȻݺڡ
عֽϽŵһ㾧ɫʯƤȻʼһһذѾоЩϵķ·Ѫˮһ㣬ظ棬һɫĹתת֮ͽڽȡ˴롣
쳣ôҲ޷סɽɡתۼӴһ㣬ͣذһ㾧ɫۼףټƥξôСһ㡣
ҾҲһҪ·࣡Ѫˣһ춯صһŴŶĽ𵤴Ŀ˳һ㣬ݺݵҶ
ãҪԱڵʱճϫҶʧɫ
ͷΪ൱صΪȻûͨر𣬽Ļ֮£һ±ɵɱֲ֪֮ˡ
Ҷû˵һתͳ˷֮УȻ˷ûسԶȥ
¡ͷڵը˿յʱճϫܵӦ
ʱճϫ֮쫷ϮµĴһ㣬񱩵İˢΧһЩӲǾȻʱճϫ𵴱˿ˣһɻɫҶҵײ˹ڶ
۵ڱ֮гѺˡ
ãҪѿˣҶʧɫص


296 ѳ
񱩵ʱճϫӿС籩еһƬҶ㣬µĽⱬͼըѳһһŵĻǡ
ͷȴ񱩵ʱճϫ˸ţһӾͱѵҡ
Ʈ壡һѣҶһ֮£漴Ʈȵ
ãƮ漴סҶ˽һ
˫޵֮еͨŮ˫ķԻȻ޼һ˼ȿԷ๵ͨãҲԹͬʩչͬķ
Ʈͷϳһɫ쵵ɡǣɡкڰתϮʱճϫ漴ͱ֮س漴ֱֵ֮
Ҷһҧ֮кͱͬʱתݣؼȡΧʱճϫ֮Ȼ󻯳ߣЩ쳣񱩵ʱճϫ˿Ӳ֮£Ӳؾ񱩵ʱճϫ֮пٶһͨȥ
ƮʹۻǵͨҶͷˣƾʱճϫ棬𵴵ҡҡ׹
鷳ˡҶеı޺ȻһȻΡ֮Ҳ˼ˡ
вɵһɻں֮ˡ
СЩﰡҪҵСҲŪزˣҶۿƮҲ֧ˣһҧԼۻͨҲ
ʱ˿̣ʱճϫ֮⣬һˮīµֳŷʱճϫ֮зĶˣɵҡҡͷ̾Ϣôôͽܡ֪СԺͼסѵɡ
񱩵ʱճϫ֮кȻһƴ޼
֮ƽϢʱշ룡ͨţ
öȻ񱩵ʱճϫѹƲס
ڿӲŵҶȻԶһߵĽ⣬⻯һŹĽӰǰˡ
ҿ񱩵ʱճϫһΪת֮ͱضѹסˣʱճϫ֮лˣ֧ʯȻһ͸˶Żգһֱ쵽ҶƮĽ¡
ͨλǰȻҲͨȻ֮󣡡
Ҷɫ쳣ŹǰʩչҲͨҪǿ̫ˡ
߹ѵҪԽǲɣдһõ
ʦƮʱϲڵʦˣ
ҶжʱЩЦãλɹõǺ⣬ûӰľѾˡ
ʦȻҲͨҶŹֵʵ
ʦȻᰡƮɻصⲻܵģһʦ֪ˡ
ҶƮ̤ʯ֮һ֮С
һƬʯ˾ۼһ󹬵
ͨźʯһĹɢǵĹâһ쳣غƴָ߹Ϣ
еıϣһǾɹá
͸ոǸøǣǰľɹɷǣ£ˮī£ɫ񾲣ϾȻһŨŨϢ
ȴֻһŮؿҶ
ҶǸµŮӺ󣬶ʱǰһڣûιȥ
ɴҶվھɹµޱɴһСɽжʱһ¡
ƮҲ͵ؿ
ߣɴվھɹõ£ֻǺݺݵҶһۣˣЩһʱ䲻ȥɴģ
ѾоɴϵӿȻɴѾɹһħ٣ɾ񾳵Ϊˡ
ҶݼɹáҶ㷲˹ɹһ
ظҿˣѾһˡɹ΢΢ףе漴صغһ
ⶼһˣҶûѪͷ͵һ漴Ťͷ͵͵ؿɴһۣޱ顣
ҡҲ֪еʣûͨҴɴеõģСӵ죬ĺɫͽֻһϢӦӦݣһҪֽ̣ҵȻҲġɹޱ鿴εˣҺˣȽһԼҵìܰɡ
ȻһתûӰˡ
ҶжʱЩЦãޱȵת˪ɴ
鷢̫ͻȻˣܹһЩĻᣬҲҶø壬úõȰ˵ɴһ¸ովһսĴʻѾʲôҲ˵ˡ
ʱƮͷߵɴǰȻ˫ϥһصعڵأƮ塭㡣
ҽ㣿
ɴ΢תͷƮ壬ԤıĶһֱڵ𣿡
Ʈɫһ¾ͺˣҲ޴е㲻עɴ͵Ŀ⣬·ֱˡ
Բ𣬽㡭ƮȻ֮ɫصҡڳɾ֮ͨ󣬺ҾҶܾá
ɡɴһԵҶصҪ˵ʵ
ҧ´ɴߣ渵ؽԼҶо˳ûзֺı
ɴɫƽֻǵشת޲ҸطȥҶ
Ҫ˵ԲƮ壬Ǹ飬ûжԺʹ֮֡ɴƵһ̾۲תˣ̸飬ʵ֪Щ󣬴ǿ̿ʼҾоƺᷢʲô飬ϧ˭Ƕôء
ƮȻףĬֻɼᶨ
ܹƾ컯嵽磬˶ΪһѪۣʵʱҲġɴһۣŮ˵ʱ򡣡
˷ǲľءҶɫεߵɴǰСĵЦ
⵹ǷһԸ񡣡ɴݺݵһۣƮ塣
㡣ƮȻعڵأһ˫Ѿˮ㣡ߣܹ̣ū澣ֻҪֻҪ
ɣҪū澣ҲҪʲộҵðɡɴƵһ̾ݺݰҶһۣ͵һ𶼱쵰
ƮʱϲҶȴһ޹
Ʈ漴תܵһߣæ˹豭ɴӯӯл㣡׾ͱ֯Ϊɱ֣ҲûڿʼҾ˽գҾͽƮ壡
ɡɴӿһиУ漴Щͷʹüġ
ȻЩȴףɴȴǺҶһǾ䱯ϣĲɣѾǶۻҲʮֵƮԸеЩΣյӡ
һɽ𺣣һգȻ˾Ͳ罫εƿУٲҪΣն׼Լ
Ʈ漴ɴ֮תŮȥȥˣҶһ˹شԭء
ҶصĸˣСһòá
űĳСӡд˾ɹõϷʵˣȴû˿ŭ
ɹô̤˳ƵԼıϣҶһۣ漴ʧЦҡҡͷ
Ҷɫصĸ˵оĸһ
㲻̣ͨҴɴлõġɹñķ֣˵һǵøлŶԣҵһͽֵͨ
ûУĸȻܹУҲĸĻԵҶ漴ֿڵĸСҶͨһֱͷԣĻãĸָһͨԴںδ
⣬ɾҪ漰ԶʱһЩˡɹɫҲ˵ͷڵ֪˼ô
Ҷ˵ͷ֪ӺɴƮ嶼Ǵ˼ģҼƽҲǡ
˼ʵԭҲɽһ޶ģҲӯʿʥأ˵ķԴءɹö˶٣ֵҲǧֵĵط
Ҷ˵ͷԭǧķԴأҲ˵Դڡ
ѵûԶʱ޵ף޵ʿͨ쳹صĴܹɽ֪أ޵е쳣쳣յĴսⳡս꣬˼羭ʿĴս֮Ƕתƣ֮£ҲؿݽɵʿǨ޽֮Уı䶯ŷչĹģ
˼֮ĿݽߣҲû񾳵ʿˣֻʣΪʥʥЩиɡ̡֮ͨѾʧˣû㹻ЩͨҲû֮ˣλǰʮǧͨ˵Եеɱ¾Ըȵͨȴһַʽ˵֮У
ԭˣҶһԴȻ򣺡ϹŴʱڵİټԭȻԴڴˣ
оͨչΪơ


297 
ɴȻĦͨԴȴǲ˽⣬ʼնûгײ͸ɹȴǡǡ෴ֻǴɴļ֮п漴سɷ֮ͨӵ
ѾǵصľͷˣյҲ쳣ĺƴ󣬸ոƾһ֮ͨţƽϢʱճϫ֮лҵĳϫ
ûͨһصľͷҪƿҪķѺܴһˡ
ԭˡͨĸԴȴڴˡҶһɫתˡ
Ͼǧеĵͨôò͸ġɹֿ̧ЦڵҲûĥķţ㲻ϸһ¸ͨĸԴڣ˵ͿԲͨ͸еİڡ
ѾˡҶ˵ͷ
ɴʱаɡɹ÷еᣬ̾ϢһܽеͨڸƮ壬ֽСɴɼĳ⣬ˣŮˡ
лĸҶЩȣæĸݾߵ
ҲˣҶɹɫ£ұеİɸһƮڰɸ֮ʮųɾ˽𵤾磬Ҳ֪ƥĵҿûǰʵأһ޴֮УȻѪ֣֮ϣܹΪ
ҶתͷŵǷɸ漴ͷѾˡ
׾ͺáɹõͷѾˣɴƮһ۾ͻȥɡ
ɹʽ´ˡ

ʱճϫΧһ֮еһϡ
Χһźǻתţܵ˺ͣţʹȻ档
̲һƬΧƣһߴͥԺϰϰشʱҹɫŨ߼ɢǳ˸

˯еƮһУ˯о˹ɫ԰ףãȻĹš
ˡƮ塣ԱߵҶҲˣƮ԰ɫϲ亹Ա߳һΪһ¡
¡Ʈ弱ٵشϢ˼֮תͷҶĻ͵͵سš
§ֵ֫ӣҺ£ˣԶˡ
Ҷ̾Ϣһ§סݵ֫ɱֵĽ̵ݲľƫִŵӣͬҲӰħΪزġ
׷ſ顣Ҷ§뻳ḧıƮ壬ҪʱҶûиҾܾ㣬οˣôҲ׿ġ
Ʈ۾յξӨˮţȻ΢΢˵ͷ
ſ飬ǾָоһֱļȥɡҶΪȥˮҪ׿ңǾԲġ
ҸҪǵ顣ҶӵҪģǸһ𡣡
һжŮ˾ôסںԵֻԧ첻ɵš
Ҷ֮£ƮħҲ˼ʣӾɸ֮ȡҩͨɴʹɴеٶȴǼ죬̶յʱ䣬Ѿ˵ڶ
ɹõǰŮһԴִڸ˵ףŴԲƾ跨ʮŵͶӰʶ֮Уʹͨʮ˵жǧ
ǧôյģǾȴֱ÷ͶӰĹġ
ղ֮еһ̫ͨ¡»̫֮ͨ󣬶öӦҶĻսеĻ˫޻ϣʹ˶˫޵ͨ͸һЩ
ɴƮ֮ദȴǳϼǢҶеΪȣĹ۲֮£ȫϡ
Ʈԣɴνĸɾǲһл֣һĸо

̲ϣҶҵںߴɴ
ҶʵɴЩ죬Щʲôأ
ǸܿŮӡɴͷϵһ£ĵص
㣬ȴ˵һ̳ˣҵĻҲǲ㡣
ɴתḧӣҲĿһЩ
ҶסֵҪӦңҪ
ҴӦ㡣ɴ΢Цḧӡ
͵ɫϣɢһʥĹΡ
Ҷڰɸִ֮˼գɴƮദŮѾͬһͺãҶҲͷˣʰʰ׼֮С
еʱɴȴǽСҶҶΪɼвϣҲһС֮ˣʹƷɱ䣬Ϊ
Ҷص޴֮ȥպ֮У̽һϢҪ֪պ֮޵֮ϢΪͨĵطɵʮڼҳ̵Щ鶼ܹ
ܹϢá
ǧ֮ǰĴ϶ڴ˵еĴϢǮҲ򲻵ģźˣҶѡ
պе̵˵ĽӴˣϲصؽӹҶʷҶ֮漴źޱȵؽҶ֧ǧ˸
ʵĻش𣬶ʱҶƲѡ
պ֮ϢĻǹͨɵԡ
ĳ֣ʹǿеĲСɶʼѰҿɽʮǰɨ֮޴ɵǰꪳɳԭǰ޴磬ô죬ʹʿǶ֪˴޴硣
ʱͶͨɵɢ޺ﲻƽȫ԰ҽ価Լ¡
Щɢ޺СԭǳȥģǰڶɽΪЩɢ޺СѾȴ漴תͶͨɡ
һеĹͺ漣ȫҶһġ
⻹Ҫġ
Ҫһ㣬ԸԴ˽쳹ױɹˣŴ֮ͨɡˮպСˮ졢ƺɻѾϾ˹ϵ˽ߣԭĴҲЩòζˡ
ǣǲƴ֣ʵǿ࣬治㣬һֱ㵱ڻʹٺ٣ǾͲв
СԼԼʼԼƺɡ
˭뵽Ǳı󣬾ȻͨɵһѰӣ
պг֮Ҷ漴һ·֮ͨС
Ѿ˵쾳ڰɸ֮н֮ĥ֮£оؾѾȹӦöӼͨǡ
ʱƽ̴ŻΪͶԼҵɢ޶࣬һ֮£Ҳ͸Լǧ
Ҷв֪ôȻƽ̶ΪչˣҲǴ˼ģǸоƽ׽ڹϵ棬ʼնƾɹǰС
¡
¡¡Ҷעˡ
תͳϷȥˡ
ȻɳʮӰ˽ɵһ㼲
ǰ⼸Ϊϵķ涼ֵͼֳۣɽ
Ϊ׵ĵһҶ˵ƣ˰صλǰˣڵڲ׽ޣƱ˴ּ¡
ŶԭڵģҶڲڣ
ڵĵҶΪ׵ǵӿڵǰĻҼʦ
ŶԴӶɽһ֮ѾþûмˣɻôҶ΢Цʵ
ҼʦǰͲ񾳣¯֮Ѿˡ
ںҲк֮ͨСɽһĴڣʱ䲻ʱŵٶȺӵгɽҲΪôһʥأȻƣɵʮڵ洫ԶԶʤЩɢ޵ӡ
ͨɵҶҶ˵ͷҸʦҲˣһ鲢̵ġ
ԭֳҶΪڵĵ羴֮ɫҼʦֳˣһȻ鴫
Ǻǣ
Ҷ˺ֻ֮ڿкһͷ޴ĺ׶񶷳һš
һľϵִͨľ֮Ƹݣɫת֮䣬һɫľսɱޱȷƣնɱͷ޴ס
ϧͷ׵̫ӲľҲֻǿһ׻۶ѡ
ˣһ֮£ͷ׵Ŀӱرһ飬¶˰׻ˡ
ͷ׼һʮˮ֮ܵĵڣе漴һһڳʮɵľ޽һͷ׵ĿǷ϶һͽʿˡ


298 ڰ֮
󣡡ͷһļУӶʱѪɫ
ŰСɫ͵һ֮£һһɫˮȥһƥ쭷硣ؼס
һɫˮ磬Ϭˮƿռ
ãƶ˵Ҷʹееˮ̧ͨһǣ֮£ɴִˮʱһߣش߻
ɢˮ֮¶һȭͷСɫıָ̧ץ֮У̧һ˦ȵƣڵľкȻһȦȦ׻¡һͷƬӾͱը˳ȥ
Ҷ֣лˣű΢΢˿ӻȡһ鷨ԴԴϵزԼĵķ
ҶЦǺǵشӿǰһܱ
ҶҲͻˣļͷϸشһҶ
ʲôֻͻƲɣ
һҪʱһҶ־Ȼصľ磡
ҶЦǺǣɽ֮սҾѾͻ񾳣Сɽ˰ʱͻƵء
ڵ컯¯֮пǱչʱ䣬ͻصΪϸشҶǿȵصüһҶķٱѰظֻҪ߳ıͨҲǺ
Ҷ΢΢һЦڵ컯¯Ҳ֮ͨСɽĴڣ﹵ͨɽ磬ʱź꣬൱˶ʮʱ䣬ɵʮڶƵĴڡ
ֹˣɵͨҲǲֻҪĲ򣬽Ҳһǰ;Ҷ˻ˣֽصɱˣ
ű飬һת漴Цһλɢ޳٣ȻҪ׼ЩκɬȥպУֻܵͷˣҶ֣λΪߣʶҲΪ㲩ָܹģҶֲһǰȥɣҲʶһЩɢޡ
ҶһͷðɣҲûʲô飬һȥɡ
תȡһƿԪ⼸ڵĵͽ׵ӵ˼λֵܱˣƿҩûȥС
лʦ֡ڵĵͱӻϲص

Ҷһ߷УһҶλʢɢǰɢǰʢѾصʿˣռݵĹʦĵλɢǰȻΪߣΪȴǺƣϲ뺣ൺɢദĶã廹ָСĽܣҶвɵЩ֣ɢǴΪߣûɸ֧Ԯ£ܹ־ģǷëǣʢòƻܲѧӣһˡ
Դϴε֪Ǹ֮ҶоͶЩɢ޶һ
ɳ˼֮ǰһ󵺡
Ҷ֣ˡָһƬ죬
󣬴ǵʹõ뵣ΧʮСΧš棬ɽˮ㣬Ĺľ֣λȴһΧɽҳϵʿһ㹰졣
ٵ˵Ͽգ壬ͨҶǰΪʢף٣
Ϲ⻪˸֮£µŮֽӭƵ֣Ҷ֣
Ҷ漴䵽˵棬ȥˡׯµĴɵһ΢΢۾
ʢϻһλ˰
˼ģܹʳ񷨵Ѭգ˼ʳ֮еĹǰռϸ񷨽ɵģĹһɭϺһһ̲סȻĸоλʢȻ˼ǧ˿ƵĹϵ
ֻѾΧһȺŮӣҵؽ̸ţЩӵУɢҲɵĵǣΨûĵӡ
ϴħǴһս֮ĵӻռˡ
Ҷ𣿡ԱߵĺȻ߹һİŮϲؿҶ֣
ۣ㲻ѾͶˮôҶȻ
۵ΪǱһ㣬ֻ񾳶أҲֻǸոѡ
Цʢǰһֱչ˵ģҵȻҪˣҶ֣Ҳʶʢô
ҶָָԱߺɢ޺ѵ壬Ц⵹ǣǱСӸġ
Ա߹һŮӣ̣һƵҶ֣ʦ㣬Ʒһ£ǿɽ𡣡
Ҷ˵ͷ漴˹
ͬʱϿ֮кȻһɷĲ
ɷĲ֮УһײСǿζȻһλаɵʿˡ
ٺٺ٣ʢͷͣôƫƫ©˼أ˼˵Ҳھˡô˺ô
֮Уһˡ
ֻϿ߹һԴߣֻյ۾ɨӹڳеɢǣص
ڳбͶ¶˲õɫˣ˫ͷħһ򶼶ι죬ΪЩɢ񲻹ȴֲȥϼһ
Ҷſˣ˹ߵ˫ͷħǰ
ҵʲô˲ļһԭϹҶЦһ
ȻС˫ͷħ׹ʢжʱһ˿֮ɫ³ɺӿͷ
Ҷ˾Ʊתɭɭɱ˫ͷħٽһСԣϴα׷β͹ûһԴӵķݶϣҲĹ㡣㻹ǼǳԲǴ򰡡
Ҷ۾Ŀһʱ˺⣬ԱߵڱƺҲе֮ĲԾ׷ͣ˽̸Ŀת⽣ŵˡ
Ա˲Ȼ˫ͷħǺεȻЩ׷ȣһ㱻һԴ˵ֱƽδйܴ衣
˫ͷħжʱһĨ֮ɫħˣǶҶֶοµ˹ˡ
ϴҶһٵЩ˹һȫͷ϶ﶼЩ顣
ҶֶߵǰɫȻɱݡ
˫ͷħʱȻŭ˼Ҷĺֶκ;ֻͨӲ
Ҷɫ䣬˫ͷħȥʱһҪСģ˵үһˣһ׼ȥսƷ˫ͷħƿɾͲˡ
˲Ҷһ˵£˫ͷħʱֻ۾׹˸ҧĿ죬޲ýҶǧУ˼Ҷĺ׵ֶΣǲΡ
ҶЦѣض̵˫ͷħȻǵˣ͵е˵׶Ըҵط£ﻹֲֻɫˣ硣
˫ͷħɫȴһԣתߵһȥˡ
֮ĳԹѾǽˣҶͲںǷú˫ͷħ֮ĳԹĸһЩ
һ͵ȻǶ֮䣬һԴϵЦλȻˣǿˣɷܹһ棿
֮߳һߣ΢˪ӺݴȺֳͣһ˿
ԱߵɢǷ׷һ񣬵ʢˡ
Ҷ漴ֵǣῴʢϵӣʱŹǣշвԱУ
˵꣬תؿһۣݵɱ˫ͷħͷȻһ
ҶѾ׶ɱ˫ͷħѣպһս֮Ҷһͨñͷܣҷɵİ嵶û˹û˱˽Ҷ쵰̬֮
ңҶǴ֮ɵġ񾳵ĸ֣һɾʱ򣬷棬Ҫȴ޵ǿһҲҪ޵ĸǿһ
˷׷׽˵˫ͷħȴֻԱһûԸһ顣
ˣҶ֣Ҫ˽¡۸һƣЦʵ̵أˣϴελɴأ
ɴѾʦˣһλĵŮǰΪͽҶҪش𣬺ȻվȻһɽɫĻ
תۼͻһ̽ɫķצݺݵץһ׹⡣
飡ҶľƱû͵ϮǸһ﷢ȴһؿȴǳѪۡҶ˹ط˾Ʊתͷӣʵλ̨ʺʽҲ֡
ӿһؿϵץۣ˿⣬ЦЦ¶һɭɭİСӣҸҵŮң㵨ȷС
Աߵ¶˼֮ɫӣзһĨ֮ɫŭͷŸɾ㣬˭Ůˣ
Ҷ֣ʾٰ꣬Ķ׹ʢ޲Ҫ̻һ㣬ܲܺƽ
ԣ¶ɭɭݣøңȻߵͷǸȻĻǾﶯ֣
ֻǲʢϵѣ߶ǿͣܲ˵˼Ҷ΢Ц
ԱߵʢϺǺһЦǺǣ޷˶ǺöúܣҶʿûôءҶ˵ͷԭأ̧ŵһβֵָݾĻɫ֣ȭͷóһָͿˡ


299 һ֮
âʢ˲Ϻɫӿӿûģ״Եüˡ
ҶȻžƱɫ
۴յĶߣصҶ֣ͷСأ̨ڵƽ̨̣ںĹϵһѡ
ҶЦһ죿Ѿǽˣ̨ʲôֻǸضѡ
Ǻॣ˵֮£Ƕʻա
ָ̧һлէ֣Ȼ쾧ӨĻߣֱ罣
ɻ֮м˹ǳ֮Լֳȸ֮ˣֻ߼ıң֮²ᱻˣᱻѵǳ֮ըˡ
ȸɱ𣿡ҶɵЦһ漴תһееͨİ׹ͻŴִ綷ĳһͬʱɳ˶Ļ߶һš
Ļ߼ҶǰȻû漴ͱҶ̧һץһᣬ֮С
ɱ֮вͣرը˿ըѳɫĻڿйȻ˿Ѳã
ΪҾôһֶôƣȻһЦ̧һһƳ̵СȻ˳ѩĵⱬһƥ⳯Ҷ
һС֮£նĽӰ·նиһġ
ɣԱŭһ
ת˲ҶǰˣЦƺѾҶһɱƬ
أڳ˺Ȼо΢΢
ҶȻһֽһֵӡкȻҵزһɫ󾧺ڵĸֱҶ
ֱֻһ֮£ٵСĽӰײڱ棬ˤһ㣬Ľ¼䡣
ãǱޣԱߵһ߾һˣ
ʢҲվڵҶѣĪɱ֣
֪СһҶţЦһһ޾ͳ˹ȥ
īıӰ֮շ·ǧ˿ҵصһ㣬˾ҵزơ
¡¡
ҵּ̧һķεķԼǰǱСҲ˹ӳԼǰ
һڱǰͽ޹ġ
һ۷״̬ıޡ
Ҷ޻ӻ֮еһоȵùľǶǱɽһɨ֮µ㺮ǣžķıҵһ³֮£Ҳըѵĺۼ
ĺ˳ʮಽˣɫɷ׵ؿҶ
ҶŵضžƱƷƣ̧һ֮£Ȼʧ֮Уָ΢΢һ㣬һϬȻβָм
ڿжһֻߣֱһ˫۾ٶϾȻҪ죡
һһ͵ջ˽ὣһ֮£һӲؽĽ˺˿
һ»档
һʱʹѵҶβָһһ任еĳֻǺһ죬гĽȻһ䣬һɾ𵴾˶ڣɾ𵴵ֱอһ
꣬еĳѾýڽڱ飬ѵƬ˵ϣҶı徢ǽʵʵڱ˳ҶβָȻһȻվһȭͷڶ̾ڴ羢͵رϡ
ڻؿڵʱԭȻձǣ漴һֻش״һʵʵؿϣȻһ
ؿڷ·𱻾޴һ㣬ƬƬѵ·Ʈɢһ˶ĿնȻһ͵һѪҶһ±֮ؿλʮ߹ˢˢ۶˿ε˹ȥ
Ҷ漴ָתɫƽؼȾƳԲˡ
˵һָǾһָõڶ
һԵļλ߿һһۣһĨȻ֮ɫ
Ѿ񾳵Ĳ龳۷ˣ֮˴۽磬ЩѾĸҲĿ࣬ҶǸӵĳʣ˸еȵǣȻѾɵıޣ
Ա߶μǻ߹̧Աȥ
ոտԳǸȻǶĳݺݵصҶһۣ漴ȥˡ
ڶ˵ƽδйܴ衣
ҶתصԼλȥˣһƬĽҪ֪ǧɶϵľƷͨɾȻܹѧᡣ
ҶĴָ޵Ҷ֣ʲôʱѧһУҪ֪޿Ǳռ̬ҲֻеΪħ۶ɵľǧ֮һһͨ㿰һƷĵˣ
ҶЦЦϴڶɽʱͷħǰ͵ϮͷħϾбѾ˱ޣħ֮ԼıɵģͷħȴǱɱ¾֮ɱѾ䵽ˣҳɾ˾֮漴ȥǿ֮Уռ˲ٵʱ֮ԭ˱ޡ
ԭˡ嵹һʱճϫҵ죬㻹ȥðգҪ֪ʱճϫǵͷҲ׽ģ
Ҳûʲô˵ġҶֻΧռһЩʱճϫ֮˱ޣûиУոҪСʹУҲˡ
֪ҶϿ϶ͨҲûٶʣϾȻǳ޵֮䶼Ǹ˽
Աߵۻ˹΢΢죬Ҷ֣ĶԲסҪҡ
ûϵƾһ꣬ҶһָͷҲҵĶ֡Ҷ˻֣ȴǼ䲻мص
ÿĿԱߺȻһϵһ߻˹Ŀ⾼ؿ˹صҼӣҶүЦˣҲûҪô⡣
ҶЦȷǹӵģѹǸŮ˶
ߺߣȻĵķҲٰɣЦݴ˵ʩչķѷһϣҶһ·˳硣
Ҷɫ΢䣬Цתȥˡ
Աߵ˫ͷħϢȴתת


300 Ⱥħ
߿еҶвЦ
϶žҶĳңһٵĺûᡣ
仰ȷǲͨҪʮֵĺķѷĲǿĻҶǺεˣѾͨתĹƵʾͨ͸ˣټԼãռ֮õĳ뻯Լķ
ҪҶл˽ʮֵĴʥˮЩĸ㲻ʲô
Ѿˡ
ʢȴǷǳҶ۵Ĵ֮вιۣϸϸ̸ҹ֮Ҷźһ뿪ˡ
Ҷһڿзţ໥ֽŵˮĵˮΪˮˮϵֻͨǵǳҶ漴ͽе֮ˮ֮еϸһһ˿ϸϸؽţʱΪ
ͶܵԶԶˣΪҶ˫ͷħ岻Ҷһֱ֮Ӿ·ˡ
Ҷ֣ɴɺã
㲻˵һˣ߽ⴿʥˮɴ͸ġҶһԴȡһɫһվ
渡ֳϸܵ״Ĳƣһ֣ҡͷβڻӶ֮£Χŵɫˮ׹⣬̵졣
סеľ߽ܵˮ֮ϲУȻ촽ڵҪǶɴѵѵĳƺɴӦĵ°ɣ
Ҷһϣ漴̾Ϣ»㡣
һŮ˵ֱ۵۲΢漴ḧŽ棬ƽصȥ֮ҾҪչˣϣܹͻƼƿҪҲҪʱһԼĵУһ̸Ѿǳˡ
ۺȻ΢΢üԺһȦһĹⲨ˸תݡ
Ҫˡɫ쳣أڵ
յƲ֮УȻһҵ쭷磬صع˵ϡ
ҶԼ΢΢ѿףʱ΢΢һɿ᲻۵΢羹Ȼ̶ֳȣǹ׶˲߽⣡
漴Ǳɫˮ뵡
ҳɣõٶŲôҶص̧һٴԳ
Ʋ֮жȻúʢɷĺӰȻڿһƮȻҶ˷Ϊ׵˫ͷħ
Ϊ׵˫ͷħٺЦͷϳ˱ͨ˸ݡ
˵ͷϵѾûˣһ裬Ѿ龳磬쳣ˡ
⼸ħ϶װ˱Դ
˫ͷħٺٹЦؿҶͷ­еͷ˳ƤصҶĳСӣҿ㻹ܣ
ôţ˻˲ɣҶֱޣصҶֻ׷ܡ
һκݺݵؽҿ˫ͷħ˰̡
СҶҪǧҲܽޣҪģ˫ͷħһ仰ʹ̣ʱף޲óȥֱӾͽǧС
Χ⼸ɫħҶɫ΢̧һָɽ͵ڤԪӡߣ˵͵͵Хˡ
ߣΪ˶ܴùô̫ˣʶһ£Ҷ񾳵ʵ
ҶЦһζȻһͷһɾ˲
һͷ϶ʱһɴһػ֮Լһˣޱۣͷ巽ڣ̤ߣħڽ¡
棬ͷȴƲͣת̤ȴɽת
⸱Ѿ뵱ҶʱԶˣȴиӶһЩ
ҶеͨСɣֲ쾳磬Լԭȭ쾳ͨںϴټںϣܹʹ񼫱󷨣ֻÿһħ񣬶ܹԺʵӵ쾡£ʮֵ
ǰûбϲˡ
Ҷ̧һָͷϵ֮£ԻɵĻħһڿһߣֳִ󸫺һγ˹ȥɫħȴֳһ˷컭ꪣһͷħս
ͷħҲֱͷħսһš
߳һеľ߽ĶȻһˮ⣬д˻ˮ϶Ȼǧŵˮףӭ˫ͷħ
ʱ˿̣ûЩʵħסʵǿ˫ͷħ
˵У˫ͷħأĸħǸηֵħͷΪߣѾصΪ˶صΪ
ҶȻ۾ְ̧γ֮Уһҵն
֮жʱɳи֮͵ӭЩı
Щϸľݺߺݺ棬ʱ˿֨֨ıħʱи֧˿
ãиͨݳħһѪɽ֮£˾ȻиߺݺݵΣ
ϼһķɽҶи˹תۼͻǧٵѤõڵĵӰı֮ڶ
Ҷ͵ɫħ񶷵Ǹħֲ֮£жȻɳһֻտɫľ֣͵һĻ
ֻɫľɫ࣬ȴִһʻ֮֮֮ռ׷׳ĺۼˣƼˣ
ħһͷϵƹ֮У̧͵طֻɫҽһ£һҶɫħʱ𵴵ĵ˳ȥ
ţҶͷϺȻŷһɻɫˣתۼ䣬һžѴСĵۣ֮졣
žһű̵ⱬһɫ賯ħ˹
ľľݻľף֮޴󣬼ֱܹա
Ǹħ䷨Ĺ£ֽһ㣬ʱһ´ˣһɫ׳岨͵ش͸壬ʱһزҽУѾһ̵ĵһŽ̿䵽֮Ѿˡ
޼̣Ҷһת˫ҵػζ֮£ͷϵһ˫ֶؽ̣εԪʱ֮£һѺݺݽסͷħ
ϵ޽һͷħͬʱΣ漴ͱϸı𵴵ķ飡
˫ͷħߣҶ漴նһȣεת֮£ǧ֮һɲǼ䣬͸ϵǰָռץ
꣡ͷ˹εȴ۵ըѰĲƣռ䣬һѿס˫ͷħ
˫ͷħշ·ɴŤ黨һ㣬ϷѵҵʹһزҽС


301 
Ҷһ֮£ħȻȻҵһ֮£Ȼǧٵѩĵ⣬ƺҪնѿһ㣬Ӳҽһȫ±иٵѪۡȻһľ޸նɱ꣡
˫ͷħʧɫ֮£תߣҶһŤתۼͻһߵĺߣǰˡ
һҲĸͣˣҶЦһص˫һ֮£ڤԪӡһתǧϰٵȻ֮£˫ͷħܲסɾ޴ѹ˿ԿԵ漴һһѪмƬȫԪһɲǼ䶼Ҷѹե˳
Ҷһ֮£һɻɣױƵ
Ƭ֮˫ͷħԪѾ𵴳Ƭֻǻһž
Ҷݲȵؿʼʰսˡ
˫ͷħԴӵѾĲͨۼƷʣȴҶκһͨⲻˡ
༸ħ龳쾳ƣ˫ͷħֻߣȴѾҶսƷˡ
ħ˽ط٣Ҷ漴⿪˫ͷħıΡǸ˫ͷħǸģһʮֵĸУ˵ɵŴǸũǵôǲ۲۵ĺˣϴӰϻɱ϶ǵõ˲ٵĺñ
Ҷ漴⿪˫ͷħķΣһɴ
߸Ĵ«֮⣬һ˶ĴҶע
һͷδ̫ĹɵģȻǶʮ˿ȭ飬ŹĴ֮һεĲζֻûеõӾϸĴĥֻǾƷıѡ
֮еٻᵽϢˣ˶̽˵֮⣬Źǰ׵Ǵ齣ʱŭ
˭˭ɵģҪ˺
һ֮ٻͶʱŭɶ˱ŭ
˫ͷħڻõģʮа˾ɵĺˡ
Ҷܹ飬Լͬͬıɱ˲˵ȻʬƳɱʵ޷ܡ
ʹǿһ޵еĴڣȶˡˣٻͣһˡҶݸڵ
ٻתŭΪϲ˵ͷΧת˼Ȧ֮󣬺Ȼһſڣһɳˮ޴Ĵ֮ӿľ޿֮СϵĹ˿˵֮С
ڻ˵ת֮Ѿڻֻסˣڻһһƺɫ֭Ӷð˳Ȼٴ϶ɡ
үˬˣٻһӶз˳ȻſѪ޿ڣһʮصǺ͵ҩȻת˻ȥ
ħǹ¼ҹˣƽҽᣬеҷԼϵǬ֮СһȴǽʵʵرҶ
üһ̵ɵƵЩټͨȻУҶŵؿЩЩħ˾Ȼôͨ
Щͨʲôϡ棿ٻͼ䲻мصЩͨȻѵãҲڼ߶ѣ㲻ʲô
⻰ô˵Ҷʵ
ЩͨҪҪ򣬸ҪҪŵرֱɼͨҲδܹܵġٻͱӵؿһ۵˵ˣڻûжɹ٣ЩͨҲֻܹɿѡ
Ҳ٣ҶȻŭвż꣬ĥҲˣ˵˵ҲҪļıһļ
ٻԴصү˵кܶھѾ𾳽ˣʲô
ޣܸȣҶŭһ漴ЦǿͻƾʲôƾطûУ
ٻͶʱˡҶһѨ档
Ϲһǿһ͵ʥľ磬ҶмҿǿȴǡǡԼסķչǱ
᲻ϸ£һһֱԪ񣬶ƾԶԳʥġ
ԽǿħأͻƾҲѣԱԭ
۷ֿ֮Ҷ漴ͷص֮С
;֮УͨɵŵӣһЩ񾳵洫ӣҶ֮һⶼ
ҶһʱЩ־ˡ
ѦѾ֮еһЦӼ֮һѲ۾˾˲֮ŮҶΪ׸Ҷϴʾܾ֮߳ŭѦ־ͿʼԼȨҶƵذٰѹҶѾħ֮󣬳ͻͨؾ
˵ĵλѾѦ֮ˣоΪŭ
ȴʮֵ޿κΡ
ҶҲǾԲòģѦѾǸˡ
Ҷ߽˴֮У漴ݼƽ̡
ţж˼ͨǿһЩѾҪٳɾ˵Ԫƽ̺еᣬҶֵķȻʵ
ѾϳˣҶŵǲɫּ֮˼ϵĴͨƷʮ֮ߡ
ƽ̵ĸһжáҶ漴ʵ֪ǷѾ£
ѾܣҴҲõϢɫЩأ۾̾ϢͲҪٶˣҿȻǴȴƷҲʤ𡣡
Ҷǣõһս񾭣ͨ
ţĻս񾭣ԭǳ֮Ϊ˵ͷⲽߵǰصǧ֮һȻȲе֮ͨҲĪӵаɽ֮
Ҷ漴ֵǣоЩƿ֪ƽָܷһ
ƿҿͨȫɱǹ뻤硢ףսֻǼͨĴͨطֻоطȫŻĴ
ӡˡҶ֪ƽڵθڣ漴ʵƽ̣طƽ֪̿䣿
絭һЦ漴ʵҶѾˣѦҪгŮ㣬׸Ѧ´㡣
Ҷɫʱˣ漴ɫصлƽ̹ذĵ֮£ûʲôԸĻиˡ
仰˼һڷˡ
ҡͷЦѣҶȻͬǳ˼ģϾʦ׻޷ƿء
ʵԵȨûʽչκһӣ֮洫ȻõĴںָ㣬ͬӣȴʼնûһӵ֡
ʫ龫ͨȨıҶһֵ֮
ͬͨȨıӲ״ӣʵϰ⣬һɵȨƽ֮һ˵ӣֵ֮ôʲô鶼ֵܵ˲ƽ⣬ͻ֮˼
Сӣ˰ˣ๦ͣʹ㣬ֻҲвЦһ漴ҶǧǰʮߵͨսеͨҾʹڸˣɳɾʹԲ֮ĴܹάϵɵΪΡ
˵ִ̧꣬һ֮С
۹սȭлƽ̣ӽ󶨻ôͨΪսķҶһͨתȥ
СӡƽϷ֮ɫ΢΢׵˾͸ˣͨβ룬ʱͰĵĴУȥߴݼͻƾ硣


302 ЫŮ
Ҷ̤˵⣬׼ԼĹ֮УزͨԼĵԲ
ʮֵ֮еЩȨҲûдȥɵȨԼıܲԱܿǿȥڰɸ֮Ҳա
Լ洫ӣɳ̶Ⱥܴ󣬷زɶҪҲӵĲףѦѾʽ΢ļ壬׻ʲôֵ£Ĳɡ
Լûʸƽȥѯʡ
ƽȻǺһͬ˼ģĳǸ̫ˣҶû˼ĸ
ʧ̨֮⣬֮»ָ˺ڰ
תŲӣطصԼı֮ϣĬȻĿסָ
Ƭ̣۾֮ͫ˸һϢһơ
ҡҡͷ漴̾Ϣһ
ôǲأΪð૵̾
ȻһӰƿһŻɫĮӰϴ̤˳ߵƽ̵ǰ
ƽ̡Ӱĵصؿλóһ̵ѺۣԼĿռƬɡ
ӰƺЩûС翴ؿڵѺۣ漴ʵ
ƽ̵ĻѾöˡӰһؿڴҡͷһõ칦ľѧȻֻܷӳʮ֮һҲЩƿҵĲ֮û뵽˷ᷭô죬ǼС㡣
˵ͷǾͺúþɡ
Ӱʵƽ̣ѦּȻʽ΢ҶԵǱߣĸӣ߼ûдѾҶؿˣΪƽ̻Ҫһء
֮дһ˿ѦֵļȵĲмѦȻƽ̣ĵﻹǶ˼ʿӵģӰ̷ҩȵ˼ĳϣЩ˲мһˡ
ҡҡͷüͷһ˿ɫ̾᲻ֻ֪Ҹո˳ҶעһҪӦѦҵǸСϣұ˻һ٣ҶıԸң˿һǷҪӲˡ
λͷͬʱĬ֮ٴλָ˺ڰ

峿ʱ֣ճ
ĵĴ֮һƽ̨ϣĵڸ۵ĵƽ̨ϣԶųɡ
⴦ƽ̨ҶԶһƽ̨׭󷨣ܹۼ֮
ǺɵĹ֮Уϼĳ֮һ˷θ֮УѪ޲¶һ˿̩֮⣬ʱתʱ֣ʱĳһƴĴվڵٺʲ
ҶԼĹ֮ڣֻҪڹڣ嶼Щµĵǿָ̳УʹЩǶΪм
ʱҶĬȻڹ˵λã˫Ŀų֮һɫݣԼ߲ʺ⡣
ĴĵҪӳĳ֮ͨ͸
һտɫӰͬëӿһƮɵػҶǰˡһ˫֮ԼбɫĻ˸Ϊ֮Ķᡣ
һϸ罣ı̻𣬺Ȼ֮зնȥ
ǳִµеĵط̻˹ȥ
һ־ʮֵĺݶ˿Щŵӵ
󵨣ҶȻŭ漴̧һָһ𷢶֮£׵ĻȻצס̵Ļ档
еѾҶһле֮еĻͨһ֮¾ͽ̵Ļ澡˸ɾ
Ӱƻ֮ȴǺͣϢתͻһ̵Ļƣ͵س˳ȥ
ܣûôףҶһһ٣Ȼ׷˹ȥ
ɫӰٶȼ죬ƺԦһһ㣬һ˲Ϣ֮ͷɳͨɣһһɳĮ֮
ܵյƿΧɳذ׻λεЩҫۡ
۹Ҷ͵̧һ֮£һεĻ泤۶ɣһŷĳңңָ
Ůȴͣ˽ŲؽҿԼϵɴؿ
ɵǲɱģΥ߿Ҫ̨ģѵ֪ŹôŮӵصֻƻĹ
Ҷ̧һɢȥеĻ棬ؿЫĳŮˣ㵽
˿ȴΪˬҲˬ˼㡣
ŮӲˣѦֵŮѦ
˵ǰŮӲûʲôɼոһ־ҪЩŵйߵ̾Ҷڵ˶㡣
Ҳ˵ЩִµڹںദˣݽΪҶŭ˼㡣
Ůܵңôһ£Ҷüë
ҶһۣţѾͻˣ񾳶صΪ
Ҷ֮кεĳӣʱӼѦŭ
ѦС㣬ʲô𣿡Ҷ赭дʵ
Ҷ㻹ǵøǼĳôѦбŵıһңңָҶҧгݵصȴһ̶ǡ
Ҫἰ裬ôӦѦԼҵģûаϵҶɫ䣬ȻֻԼĳ裬ұΪѦһԣ񽣵˶ٵĿͷô
Ѧɫ쳣䣬һԲл泤һˡ
ǿЦЩһԽһֻǾܻ飬ͺǿһĳ衣Ҷ˵ͷˣӮŮҲûʲôɹٵģҲ뿴㡣
ۼһǺˣҧҶŭĿӣҶˣ
һ㣿ѦС㣬Լ̧ôߣ㲻ֻǸ񾳶صΪѣȴ̨ףĻһָͷܰܣھͷȰһ䣬㻹ǲҪȡĺáҶɫȻҲ㶯֣㣬һϣҲҵĶ֡
ѦһĨȵķŭ֮ɫҲڲ˵ˣֻһӣһƿվ죬бɫĻ
һƬɫĻɿָƣתۼŭһ㳯ҶХ˹ȵĻΧɳڻɽеĲľ
ɫױˣ·ϴٹһ㣬Ե쳣
СҶԾΡȻ·ȴͬһŵһȦɫͣӿţƾĻͣҲ޷ʴ͸񵲡
ҶȻſھǳһתۼͻһֻ֣ץ˹
žĻɢ˿ѦĻ汻Ҷһоʹ˴롣


303 ׹뻢
ҶЦԾվڿУƾѦܹڽı̻ϣȴһⶼͨ˸ɾ
ѦɷףȻһ֣нХ𵴵Ľ֮
һƵٶȼ죬ͻһ£ת˲Ҷǰ
ôȵһҶæһȻ۳һʢıޣڽ֮ϡ
飡飡飡֮Ҷʮһ˿
𵴵ı⽻֮£˵رˡ
ŲƵҶ̧һָ֮£Ȼˢˢһ֮£һȦ𵴵Ĳɢ˿ϬĽȻһ˿
ɢֻ¶һһ߶೤ͨѩС
˵ôôİսأԭֶҶжʱһĨŭɫɫ䣬ָСָһ֮£žһСѾ۶˿׵ıһ
ѦɫٿȻ˲Ұɫ͵ŻһѪȻ˵ϡ
ҶɫؿίڵصѦ޲һ޽״Ƭ
ãҶص֪ĳŮˣûٸ򽻵ˣЩνĻƶԹҲ͵ΪֹΪ֮
Ѧ֮жȻһĨɫȻֳҶһǳɫĹˡ
ҶĽ¶ȻɫĹͨ¶˸ţתݡ
Щһ̾γһԲӵĹ򣬽װȻʼѸڱ
ҶʱоԼһ޹֮Уεذסˡ
ڵĹѸҶѾ˱˹֮һӰӡһ껢֮еĳһ㡣
ڵĹּת粻֮£תۼɢ˿С
ĳŮˣҵƣҶŭشһ˱ſռת֮£Ѹû֮С
ҶоԼ׹һ޵Ԩľ޴Ѩ֮УΧĹӰתһ㣬ΧľĦĵǰһԼѾһ档
ոֲ֮£ѦմŲ񾧸ӡ֮ˣܵռ籩һѹ֮£ػֽ
Ҷʱ䣬ҲΧĻ
ҶҪˣҸо˺ǿҵ֮ĴӪٻʹӵ֮еԴһЩĵصǸŮʮа˾Ǳļϸ
ǿ޴а֮ǣҶоƬ·ĳһ㣬쳣ĳ棬ɽˮ㣬ǲľ
Ҷ֮⣬ħ֮оȻԵ򣬲ǴеǰѪȡ
Ҷ쬵һ¾˵£ԼϢסˡ
һӶӵսʿƻشͷϷɹˣΪ׵һص񽫣ŵһȺսʿЩΪŹ֣ͷǣƬľ޴Ķţڿл
ţȻвͬϢ񽫷·ӦҶϢͣ˽Ųһ˫۾Ҷ˹
ãˣҶаԵظоսʿؿ
ٻԵʹһˣٻͺã֪ʲôˣ͵˵ͷ
û˵ವһ¾ͳٻܵĵط׷˹ȥ
ոճûüеǸӰǰҶκȻڿһѸŤһԳԾٶȣħǰһҶѾ˲Ϣϵߣ̧һĳһ񽫵ڡ
Ҷȴŵȵôһ͵ϮĻᣬһ֮ие̵ȵͨ󣬾һʱҲᱻشࡣ
и֮ϣһ֮󣬾ҲҪۿˣָȬҲǼ޶ȵģ޶ȵģҪȫܹԭǾĿˡ
񽫱һӡؿϣǽڷҵĴУҽеûзȫȻһѪֻʣһľҶ̧һץԾڲͣ䶯֮С
ԱߵսʿΧ˹Ҷһ֮£һɫĳǹշɳɱǹʩչ˿ǹͷҡ֮£ǧٵߣҷ裬ΧСһⶼ׷׻⽴Ѫ࣬ڲҽз׷˿
ɱǹʩչΧһⶼһǹ˿Ҷʩչ˱ޡ֮Уץ֮£ͽЩץ⾡ʧ˱֮ˡ
üһǮ˰ԺӦöĹǣ
񽫴ֲ֮£ҶһƾͰ棬֮£ƬѪ·ɽһƴ򱬵
Ҷ漴СԼۻתݣűһ·ʹ
ڴ֮дһ֮ͨҶ˳ȥ
һ·ɵǿ֮󣬴Խ˴УһƬǿգԶһټĺǣɢŹȣΧһȦȴʯʯΧźǻתš
ӭӿĿռ籩Ҷǵغ˹
ʯмλãȴһɫĺš
ɫĺ֮ˮɵĴӣˮλеͱ˪˸ݡ
֮УҶХһڵĶ̵һһߵиڷ߻֮£Χռ籩֮ʱۼ
״ĺһټ״ΧĿռ籩֮̾ͱЩ߸׸˽ȥ
и漰˿ռ֮üܣҶȡռ籩ȴʱ
ǿ֮Уڿռ籩֮࣬Щռ籩ȻҲȶĿֲʣκδ޳ɵĸ֣ɿռ籩ϸţ϶ƤǴڵⶼڻĸɸɾʣ¡
Ҷ֮ͨ޸֮ҶҲе֮мȡռ֮
һȻܳƿؿռ籩ܹڿռ籩֮аȻңˡ
һ㵭ɫˮ״Ļ֣ȫ¶˸ʵʵģΧܽʯ촷۵ҵĿռ籩λãؼȡˡʹĿռ令ȴؼӲʵ
ֻҶʱ˷·籩µһֻµСһ㣬Ŀռ籩ҷҹֻܼѵضסɿռ籩һһγӿ˹ȥ
ֻҪܹܵⴿ֮УЩͲҵˡ
Юһħһͳ˴֮Уǿ֮С


304 
ҶֻڻһſΧʯϣŲԶϣϰܶԱҷɣĴѰ˿
Ա߼Сϵޱոշ漴ͱӿķ򱬳Ѫ⡣
ҶԴʯϣתȥ
Ҷ³һڳˣϸɨһΧĿռ䣬Щʯ֮дСһвٱռ籩Ĵĥ¶ĽˣǼĽЩʯΧݣܼһӰӸεػˡ
żһʯⴿ֮УʱͱڵĴ֮ױ飬ڻ˿ʣµĽҲʱ֮УرӸų⻯ˡ
ʯΪµؽڴ֮Уɱ˴
ʯڴӵΧΧһһҽһҽϢһɫĻʱʱըѳһżŵݽʱʱһ޴ʯ棬תۼͶ¯ϵͷһѸٵڻ
б任ͨҶּ̧С֮Լȫͨ漴һֻ֣ھһ󶴣Լ֮С
пźǺΧɢҵʯɵģкǵĵطȴһͻдӣӵɣȫҲȡĵλ͵ġ
һ֮вӵǿҵĻ֮׵֮ƵҶȫȴʹѡ
ɱǧ
Ҷǿŵյʹҧѵشʯ֮档
ոһĿռ籩ȫҪɢˣǰ˲ٵĴʥˮƾ΢ķֻؾҪԵˡ
ڣ͸֮ҶͨһоԼһҺ嵱УһȦȦתݵĽɫˮͣϴˢԼȵĴ֮ԴԴϵԼڡ
˼ʵĺˮͬǣеĴ̬λãתϢġ
Ҷȵĺˮ˿˿ƵؽԼļ֮У³һ
ʱǰȫˡΣһȥٻֵشӵ֮̽ҪеͨԲ˵أǵһҲδܹ״
ҶһۣûصոұôΧŹôң
ٻ̽Լ˶ڴУŭСӶ£ҿǴǺ˼꣡һУ㻹ԼǲǰҸҪһԳ֤ǳ
Ҷʱ֨ˣĬ֮¶ɫɵ̾Ϣ˵ӵһԴ޴磬ֻЩΣˡ
ôûʵȷǳ١ٻצһѴʥˮԼȫмЦƲȥ˵˵Ű裬ֻѾҪͷ˰ɣ㲻³ˣҪȾ͵ҪѪ֮ҪֳãγҪΪʷ飬Ӧ֪Щɱ佫һ³ûУ
ٻͲмҶĬȻ
ˣڹ黹ֲġٻ̧צǻ߰ɣУӦԴߵʱ򣬲ȡһʵڶԲԼ
ʲô취ûУҶ̧Ƥһۡ
ٻͺٺһЦ̧צָָԱһʯĺɫ塣
Ҷ۾Ҳ

Ҷɵ˳ʯ֮еķ϶˽ȥһ
Ƭʯ֮вٵʯ渽˾ɫľ壬ƺ̲һѤʵһ㣬Ϊ֮Ŀѣԡ
Ϊطռ籩֮棬쳤վ֮£ٿռ籩һ̲ϡнʯ棬쳤վ֮£ͽ۳˲ٵվʯ
⼸գǳϵҲƺͣ࣬ûмģѲ
ٻһ֮£ޱ޳޴ӵ֮з˳צһ֮£Χٸվʯʯ׷׵ر˿ǧϰٿվʯ˵֮ˡ
ٻʹӵ֮Ծ˳֮һռٿŵվʯԼĵ֮оĥͨ͸ˣ׭̺֮󣬽Ŀռ֮ͨˣȻȰеĴʥˮռ
ҶôãٻҲؿʼѧ˾ϸ㣬δ
ٻһٿվʯ򣬽֮еļϸСĴӸȡ˸һɶ֮漴ͷ˹
һһѪһ㣬Ӹȡĸɸɾ
Ҷ˽֮СغţеĴʱʱسһɫĵ绡һݺݵس˹ȥ
ҶĹ֮УȻһϺɫĹ磬һ֮£ɫĵ绡ͱؼȡ˸һɶˡ
Աߵٻֶ˶ޱȵһ˫צ֮һžƱĶ⾧򣬾֮Լһɫĺһ㣬Ӵ֮еһԴԴϵϸȡž֮ˡ
һֱž򳹵˺ųٻһ¼˵վ򣬼ȡʥˮ
Ҳֻ֮в˴֮г˴ʥˮ֮⣬ʱףҶ˻սеĻЩ׵ĿǣǲЩ
Ҷͷɫ⻪תݣһķɡǡ
Ҷ¶һ
еͨǲֻҪг֮󣬲仯
еȻֻСɣҶ㹻ţԽ𵤾ĸԼҲδزܽԷɱ
С˳ȥһת֮£ʯᾧϢʱȡ˸ɾ֮е֮ʢ
С̺֮еķͼֻҪܵв൱ƽʱ򣬾ָɽʼ𲽽׵ʱ
һŵɫĹⲨ͵عסСɫƹذס𷨱ԼԼϸѵˣϸСĻɫҴ䵽˺ˮ֮ˣָֻɽͨʹһȦ
ָɽԵԲˣҪһ˿ԣɱһˡ
ٻ˶߲֮
Ҳû֮׳Լ˼ʹ֮
ٻͺһ֮Χʮ˸ľ޴ʯ˹˺֮ӿȵĴ֮תۼͽЩʯ黯ˮȻ󽫵ذһһֵĽɢͣ
ΧվʯǶ˵ΧλôĿռõ
أСĴɺ¶ɺԵĺӴΧʯˡ
ϧˣֻ¾ҪӴ˾͸ɺˡҶ̾ϢؿſƯļ䴿ˮơ
ʲôϵٻʹˮ֮д˹ܲΪȻ̧צָָԶľ޴ĺǣӽźǣò˶þͻԶɵģЩֻ֮Ҫδܺľ仯ɺڶԶɺԵġ
ҶĬȻ˵ͷȻˣǾͿЩ·ɣͣôãɴƮ϶ˡ
ģⴿĴʥˮôôˣǱ˭͵ˣ֮Ȼһŭ
Ҷ˲ȫʪܣ͵شӺӴð˳ٻһһͬʱ¶ɫ


305 ɱ
ֻҽһڲݵ֮УȻһУһģĴشʼĴӡ
Ҷٻͻһۣĸ˹ȥ
Ҷֽ̧ʮӡϢǶ֮У漴ּСûڡ
Ƭ֮֮нһͨһȫ쳣ߴ̤Уֻ¶Ƭͷһǡӿ
ڴ֮Уٻ֮ɫʱһ
ţȻһСһ飡ǼжʱһḬ֮̃ɫ漴Цһ̧һץݺݵץٻ͡
̫ˣѴ֮Ȼ͵һ
Ҷ̧һΣ֮еСȻһζݺݵسͷͷ
ͷŭһֲ֮£ͷȻðһ֣ݺݵصҶһƹСݺݵѹĴϣشһԪȴһʱûнУ
¡͵һը漴ƽϢˡ
ͷǲؽ𵤾Ϊ֮гƺΪ
Ȼͷ˱Ľ𵤣صסҶһǱҶһʯͷͷѪͷɢ˿
ᣡҶ͵شӴ֮г˳һںڵĳǹƿռں͸ǹ֮վ顣
һǹʵʵͱؿϣиͬʱڡ
ͷؿڵĻļϺȻһתϨĹ⻪һɾ޴ķֵסҶյĴɱһǡ
¡ͷҽһؿڱһ𱬣ǰҲըһѪ˳ȥ
СղʬΣģͷŭŭΧĻ澡ſˡ
ͷٴʢ͵һ¾ͰСصؿһ뵣ȻصС
Ҷû˵ӹɵС֮תͷܡ
С㻹ܹܵ𣿡Цһ̧͵׷˹ͷϵĽ𵤾ΧĻ澡ſˡ
һֻ뵵ĴֱǳʮݺݵسҶٻץ˹
֮סҶȻһָ֮£ͷڵתŵķȻһɫĴһӿһŽɫĻҵغ˹
ͷûɵľֱһµ׸˸ţʱըǧٿףйһҲ̶á
СΪܹסôǧŲƣӰͷͷϵĽ𵤼תһ£Ŀռҵһ𵴣ת˲֮䣬ѾҶıˣٺٹЦš
Լ̣ò״סһСʿҸոճһȴǲڽɱνСʿŪ
ƣҶȻ͵һתһΣһ֮зɳһϢ
һ޽ʵʵشͷؿϣЦδȥ˰ߵͬͷ­һһѪ촷ۡ
ˣȱʧ˰صصص˵ϣϺɫѪмһһɵѪǿźСĽȴȻڿУƺѡ
Ҷɫ԰ףűޣȻ
ȫ̬µıޣܹͬ꾡λԱ𵤵ͷͱһ޷ˡ
ɵòٺ١ٻʹԱ߷˹Ĵָ漴̧һţŽ𵤸˵֮С
ڿ߮һȦʱ漴ʬϰһ£ץһȭͷСľ׸ţ
Ҷֽ̧˹龧ˮ·̲һһ㣬ɢı⾫˸˸ζϢ
Ǯ壬һ֮£޵֮еӦѾΪˡ
Ҷϸɨһѡһڷɶݵıϵ˲ϼˣϽ߰ɡ
˵꣬ٻ͸֮Уתȥˣãã֮С

ɫСһ磬ѸطɹһƬʯʱճϫԶ
Ҷ֮У͸˰͸Χǿ׳ĳٻڵ֮мš
Ҷҷٶȷǳ֮죬ͨվʯĥɵģ˿ʱճϫ籩ʴһܹȡϫ֮
ٻնڵ֮Уϸо塣
Ҷ̲סٻͣĲģѾˣ㻹ʬ
˵ģСҲⰡ岢ѰĲϣһҲƷġٻʹӵ̽Դ̧צһӣһڴСӣһɺ嫵Ҷ֮С
Ҷӣֻ΢΢һɫ
ͷĽ𵤣ΧһȦһȦķͼӰ
ŽϾȻôͨҶȵصƷ׶ܲͣ
ٻͺٺٹЦٺ٣¿׬ˣܹŽ𵤷ֽ⿪ĻܹӵŽеͨ
ͨȫķܴǿͨҶתһеĽ𵤣תݣ޴ʿͨǽʹͨ϶ɣǿɱֻͨһŶѡ
Դĺôˡٻó龧ûĵҩΪԼģѾЩСĸͷСʵķȫһˮıи֮Ĵͨ


306 ū
龧ʱճϫ֮ƽš
Ҷеת𵤣ŽԼڴСĶϴͨʮֵĻӲҪԼУȴôҲ޷룬ͼεص档
ɣ֮ƷʤġԱߵٻͰŪһҪӵͨеʱĥˡ
ҶһۣкȻһתһɽɫĹⲨѸȥˡ
ʶ֮˸Žʶ֮ٿȻŴǧ
һŽķͼһôһŴ𵤡
ҶϸܹȻʮŵͨ
üһȻô࣡Ҷջʶ֮󣺡ٻͣҷҵȻܹ͸ö𵤡
ϻеĵǧٻͰһۣ㵽ڲŷͨҲգͨҲնķ룬ЩͳͳҪܵԼ
ڸô죿Ҷʵ
ô죿ٻͰһ۵ҲҪأԼʶҲҪ㣬óȻֽŽ𵤵Ļͻ
ٻ͵צһ֣һը
ҶͷɥŽ
ͬʱ۵ȻɫģƺΡ
ˣҶдϲæ˷ͳ׷˹ȥˡ
λ̨Ҷսһ
ҶǰĽ
ʿһһݣһΪʱЩмǿµıʱ۾Źˡ
ȻֻǸͨصļһʿһУ̾һɴ
Ҷֵλ̨һǡ
¶ɷģҶͷȻᡣ
˿ҶٺЦЦҶͷ΢΢Щëˡ
Ϊߣող𵤾ѣҲа˾Сͨѣ󣬵ǲ˽𵤾Ҳҳҡ
ǿյʿĶǿʳĴַʿһΪг֮󣬴඼ѡ޳ɽ𵤣ҪǶԵеʱо˼ֵĹ˼ɡ¶ԷԼĽ𵤡
ٺ٣֪ﻹףΪ׵ӺٺټЦһ
ৣƥһͳҶ˹
Ҷ̧һΣ޳ǹ˳ͽеķɽ˿
ʲôҶ־ŭ
ɽƣвûסˣöг
ıƺʿһȣŽһһͬʱȽȽһ쳣޴ķգѹסҶ
Ҷܴһѹ֮£ͷȻʹۻǵͨͷȻһɫתĹˣƾĽô棬ȴͬûһֻƤһ㣬ط˹ȥˡ
ƣҶɫ࣬ȻŭһָϹâһ˺
һ˵ĻһӾ˺˿¶˳ԼĻ¶ѳһˡ
ۿŽ𵤷籩һ㳯ײѹ˹ҶǴŭˡ
֮ħ
ҶָϺȻһɺɫԸ֮۶һ״ķ䣬ɫ״߸ݡ
ָһ֮£ֻʹ˵Ľ档
һź֮İ֮£Ѹپ˽֮ˡ
ʿϺȻ˸սһ㣬һ£ͷϵĽһɺѸ˿һɹɷʼңȻҲʧɫֵؿЦҶ
ٺ٣쵰ȻҴ򱾴ү⣡ٺ٣ǵĽѾ˰ɣҶ֮һɫķЦҵĿħֻҪһ֮£̾ǽ𵤱飡
̨ʿսļ̌һͷŵĽ𵤣һĭλֵ̨ǳģ̨ϴдͰǵƨһ˰ɣ
˿Ҷľ֮£ధ
Ȱѽ𵤸ҶһЦһź
һֻۣܹüذԼĽ˻ȥ
ͷϵŽ𵤺ˣҶõɱ¾֮ˣͨģԼ֮𵤶ܹ͸УСʿܹƥеġ
ԭлõԸ֮У֮ѾˣЩɱ¾֮׼ʱٻ͸һַţֶܹ֮ԸЩһ
Լ֮ĺɫ֮ӴԷĽ֮к󣬿εס˶ԷĽ𵤣ֻҪһһĽ𵤾ͻᱻʮֵĴ
Ҷɨһۣ˹ʵﵽʲôط
ʿæعү򣬲ûʲôɣһЩɢ޾ۼأڻоУרŹӦʿ׵ĳ
޴绹жԶҶʵ
ʿү޴粢ԶǷǹĵ̣ǴǹΪ˷޴磬رʮʱճϫһԽǵ
һش;ȻôԶѦǣҵƣҶжʱһ£ҧгݵص
ҶϸĲʵļһһмת֮¾Ѿ¶˾ˡ
Ǹɢɵľۼ֮أԼȥһЩܹķߵҩ֮ġ
ҲѱһЩʿѰΪʿҲ£򲻹ҲܹܣطླʿܵĻᶼûˡ
ү׼ҪȥЩѾɾ˽𵤾ôһȱūͣǾ͸ͷҵūͣģ³֮ǲǵġҶ赭дص
ããүһжķԸˡ˲Цţͷǡ
ǿյʿǴʮֿ޽еһҪҪ
Ҷ漴ʹԼȡͼװݸǣһӣȥöϣߣ
˿ǰתıʱʵʵصһÿһһı£
⼸Ҳʱ˲١
ʱӵһϻ͵ı֮²ܹʤһƷĵ

֮С
һλŻĹҡһȣŰүƵ߽ۼأδСүһ㶫š
һƬ֮󣬿ΧҶ̾ͰڳһүĵɪС𵤾ʿں棬λүλ𵤾ĸϸԴһıķ£貵ľתȻƷ壬ΧС֮ͽˡ
λרŰڵ̯Ľֵת˼Ȧ֮漴ǸʿͷϺһ£ˣ촵ﵽǺĶôֶЩû
һʿõӣ漴һЦүﶼǵ̯ѣȷ䲻ݣҪ빺ЩϵȻɫı֮ģӦõǰ򱦸֮С
ԱߵһķֵĽʿڵү˽ˣʲôʱɹླܹ档
ǵǲǸӻģλƿڴӺòײųͷӱչųǰ˵Ҫʲôã
ͷƨҲҷˡҶǼŰүһδĸүģš
ֵϵʿǼôһǸӵģʱҲͲҶ˵ʲôŭóһ
ܶ಻Ҷôһթƭ֮£̾ˡ
Уһﻹϵһ뿪֮͸ˡҶص
ʿʱϲһﵱһ۰Ͱ͵س
ģһһջʶеĿħ롣Ҷ˻ƣͷص
һбҪȥ𣿲ÿ˶ôϲɱ¾ġҶ΢΢̾ϢһʿҲס
үҲֵ֪Դ޵гһֱత˽ս˽֮ŵܳˡҪȻĻֵͱ˸ħˣҲҪһ˵ūķݶ
ҶֵصΪʲôһҪ޳ɽ𵤣
ʿ޳˽֮ǲбǮ˶ԿĴ򲻹ԷˣԱ˽𵤣ҲñЩ˼ɲǡ
Ҷҡȣһҷ֮к󣬵һҶȻΪ΢ųǣȴȻ𾴣пʼܲĴ壬µҶļ壬дһ֮ҶıʱҲ̧ۣվʯҶֱϹϾһǳͼ
үǵˣڣõ⣿
ⶫٲܹɴԽµĿռ籩α͵͵ܳ˺ô󾢲ŴµĽƣ˺üڻȥƤŹ֡λӿзɧֹص
һ֮£ʱϲæүۣͨվʯ˰ʮһ͵ģǱٵľƷǿռ籩ҲܴĹ
ͷãСҲǲǷ
ʲôޣҶͷˣó˼ﱾӹ¼۸ˣҷ۱Ҫˡ
ǰЩλүвͷһº룬ҲûҪֻۣͨıǽˡ


307 
Ҷеۣҷ۶վʯɵģʮֵľ״ķ
еҷƷҪãĶϾ̫ۣһҪ鷳Ҫˣ˵ˣʱճϫô׵飬ܹһ۾Ͷһرա
Ҷ˹ؿԼеǳͼūŵͷЦظı
ūžˣҲѾЩϷˡ
ҡڵ֮߳Ҷ漴龧ۣƨһطɿؼܡ
һ·֮ҶһСƬʱճϫ֮Уͣ
ˣūšҶǻ˻ֵҲֵǮ͸ˣôʹãԼŰɡ
ʿϲҶ漴̧΢΢һץ˵Ľ֮ͬʱðһȽȽĺһҶ¶˸мɫ漴˹֣Զɶݶȥˡ
һһʿȻһһص˹ƣֵؿǰ档
ڤڤ֮УҶȻоһɴ˷ѹ˹ҶѹסˡжȻֳһ޴ķͷűۣư硣
һɫ߻˹ؿˣ·èצµֻһ㡣
¸¸£ǻ档д
Сһ·ǵġصǻǲҪˣѾﾡǵľͷ
֮дһָ߸ϵζƺѾ֮ˡ
ҶҶңҼ涨Ź㣡
ٺٹЦ֪Сʮʮİգ½㣿Ҳ˭ҵĹӣϵзһʹģʱ⻻һ½ƾͨıҲץ棡
٣¿ˣͷͷ٣ʲôҶʱʹһţҲֻܼεĿЦһλ֣˼ˣǡ
ʿһĨ֮ɫˣеıˣ˫֮£һֻµĹ⻪ҫķ
֣ҶһȣʿеͬʱĿĵ⳯˹ȥ
ҶûеС˹ݺݵ档
֪СҲЩˮӿĵ̧һȭͽҶ֮ҹСȴʳָ󶯣
һƷȥԼһһˣ̰һ֮£طʩչֻͬʱݺݵץöС
漴ץƷĵڣС·Ȼһټĺڶһɫڵķзɳһݳ״
ãʧɫֻŵη϶ȻһɫĲƣʮߵ趯֮£ݺύתۼͽطе֧˿
ѽʹϷթСطʱƣСȻѩϼ˪һ´˹
¡浱Ѫˡ
Ǭǧ֮һɲǼ䣬ҶȻе޳ǹһǹֱ˹ȥ
һƿռ䣬Ѹײڶ֮ƣֱ
ħҽУѪɽ֮£һֱѾ׶˳ȥ
СȻ˵Ľթط࣬ƣħ϶Ȼӿһɷ籩ӿͷ϶سһӰһץʿ
ħҶһ͹ŻѪû˿иǱŭļԸˡ
ʩչ˻֮ԭѺ۵ط϶ʱȼһת֮³ˣһɱȸոոҵۻƴķ˷ѹ˹
ʿѾӲȥˣһĨ֮ɫһĨɺ֮ɫ˿
ҲҲƴˣǻһۣеıųǧ⻪ͬʱ赵ħһȻƴ嵽ħߣȻһͷϵĽһħǰȻȻը˿
ħֲ֮£æתŽ𵤱ը֮£һը˸췭ǼսϷƵĺһ衣
λһ·ߺãһǱģҶԱ˽𵤣̾Ϣһ
ʿƴĵڣѾּ̧龧˽ȥ˲Ϣͻһĺڹһ·Զȥˡ
Сӣվסǻħıף龧۵ٶʵ̫죬һգ۵ĹʧӰˡ
ƾݷһʱҲϲֻܷŭںһȫ׷ţһŭۻķ֮£Χʯǳų⿪˲١
Ҷ龧ۣȻһĺڹ⡣
Զһֺǣһ¯һ濾ţ֮޽ջҪʮڲҲǳӴΧ鲼һȦӴʯռһ֮Уſ񱩵ĳҵĻλãһɫĺţɢź嫰Ĵ֮
ΪӵΧǿֲĿռ籩Ϥÿռ䷨ǾԲҴЩֲĿռ籩ģɹٵҲԲ׵ش
ʱշ籩ӵۺ
Ǵǰ
ѾǾƣߵҶԼǰӦΧĿռ籩û˵һ·ʹռ籩֮е֮С
ʱУη绢Ŀռ籩ѾʮֵϤˣҶۿűķ׷漴ֻ̧һӣ˺ɫ͸֮֮󣬵ռٵػκ߲Χתۼڿռ籩֮һ˽ȥˡ
ȻСش籩֮Уݺݵ֮С
Сܣ
Զһ㾫˸֮£һ޳Ӱ˹ײʱշ籩һɲǣʱӿʱշ籩ײ˳ȥ
ʱ˿̵Ҷٻ֮Ѿٳһʮɵͨˡ
ħۿѼӼҪˣʱּŭһٴʩչطͨһֻһֻɽľֳҶݺץ˹
ֻۿżҪӴҶıҶû˵ֳ˱һֻϣƣ
¡
ռ籩Ҷı޲˹һɸӾ޴ı
ħľһ¾ͱ𵴵֧飬Ѫæ˿
ħŭôҶһ͸Ŀռ籩ѾʯϢҶɫ˼㣬ôһȻϱڣҶѾ˻ħҧгݵ
ռ籩һȻϣ֮ϢǵʮҲֹƾطΪҲȥֻᱻ񱩵Ŀռ籩˺Ƭ
Ҷе龧۵ҲˣĹɵģܹ׾ٵдȥħĿɲԼոɵط࿪Ц
Ҷһ˶ʯ棬ֻ龧ۣؿܻģȻ̧֣˦һ˶ָ
ħһǺˣһףŭ
ҶǶ棬ͣسָɰѸ̡
Ҷ漴ִԼȡ˲ٵķڻǰͣذ棬ȥһƷı˸ŻòʹâɰѸȥʵ᲻ҶϵķֻͣҶôظɺ
ºˣСӣǵ鷳ʶ֮еٻͺ޺޵صһطĸְҪܵÿ죬㲻Ҳˡ
Уʲô˵ġҶмصιٻͣ᲻Ӱܵķ
ᰡٻãȻؿʲôƵˣ
ǾͺáҶһһܷ䣬ҵӰӸӡԻħˣܺˡ


308 ǹ
µʱȥˣҶͻԳС
ѾҶб޳׾ˣռ籩ıĻԵԽķ齫촷ۡ
ˣķ໹ܵľ޴Ĵˣڲ˵һ֮󣬷Ϊһô׻ģвٵĵҩʱ֮£뷨Ѿظ߰˰ˡ
ħͷϵķգʮƲݣɢĽҫΧһ˫۾ؿſռ籩жʯ֮յҶָĬ
ԶļʯΧƲݣƬĿռ籩⼸ʯ󷨵ǣ֮£ϡ
ʱ沢ûţת˷ת˷ۼ˼ʯΧһһ󷨣ǣռ籩
ҶΧһɽʯвɵֶ̾ΣȻǷͬ졣
ʮ֮ƬϵĿռ籩ͣˣҶЦħЦĺȻʯЦš
ҶûܣҲûзڵģħΪ졣
Сӣ°ɣϷϷҪٵ֮Уٲ
ħЦ͵س˽ȥһ𣬻ûһֻ֣ɵȶҶһץ˹
꣡
ЦҶô̧һץ֮£ԭʵκȻһӰһץ֮£תۼʧӰ١
һɫķƮƮƵתۼͱ֮еĵڻ˿ˡ
濴ĿտյģƺʲôڷѾ˿
ʲôȻǸӰʵ壡թƻСӣ
ħŵؿץյĵطѪ
Ҷſռ籩˵޷쵽Ҷı仯ģռ籩һеǰ˾񣬶Ҳֻܴһжѡ
һؼڿռ籩֮вȻǿĺ𵴿ˡ
ƻĳСӣñϷϷҪƤҲޣŭ֮еħͷ¿һʮΧʯͷںһƬǽ岻
Ҷʮǰħ䵱ʯôʱѾԶˣܵһ˵ϣŬ
һ֮У㽫֮еĴʥˮȡ˴룬㹻ʱˡ
ֻͻ˽𵤾ǹһ磬ķܹ̾Ըħɵضˡ
ûϵ֮֮߰ɡҶ⣬ּ̧սǹţȶسԶǵʯг˹ȥ
ʯ֮УҶȶȻǱ֮С
ɳĶǽӣЩʯѾǧĿռ籩ĴĥȻرɼӲѾһ˷ָĵزˡ
ҶμŤתವһʹڽ֮С
㴢öվÿһվڶ˲һôĴʥˮʮһͨ۶ɵĽ𵤣ֻתһͨҲˣʮͨȫתÿһתµƾеķԶԶҪȼյ֮һվڵĴʥˮС
Ҷͣڵķ
ʥˮͣع֮УԼͨۻ
ٻͣﵽǸʲôطҶʵ
ģӦǴǹĵˡٻצ̯˵ͼ޴忪սʵ̫ˣڴǹλõһ飬ѳ꣬ǹ̫ϳתϷʯǳסǹ˴ǹӴ˾ͺ޴ֿˡ
ԭˣȻǾͺ˵ħ˰ɡҶĦһ°͵аɡ
Ҷתۣ֮һѰûһ۾ܹ
Զǳʮֵĳ棬Լƺ
ƮƮǳ֮ϣһƬԭʼɭ֣ǴִĲľдС
ԶһټĻɽ֮е±棬һƮƮŮ±ˡ
ŮΪί٣ҶĵҲû˿ĸӦ
ôʿҶ֣漴ǰȥ
ιҪŮҶ͵һС
䣬ҶѾٵ֮УȻ䣬оȫٿȻһΧϺȻһ޴ͼ
һͷϬţغɫЫӴԱߵʯ֮˹񶾵صԱ߷ֱԾ˹һֻͷħһֻͷħ
֪ħҶЦһ̧ת˻סһŵԼ
ҶȻһŹֵؿԼġ
ֻԼ۵ķȻѸ߽˿
ԱǸŮеûõģһӡķǷӲģ
䣬ԱͷЫѾ˹ԱߵͷħҲֱ𺿽˹ȻҪⲫ
ҶһͷЫ˫һ֮£ֻһͷЫβѱ۶ϡ
תͷЫǰ߾ȫһŷߣͷЫԴһͽӴߵ˰УԴžһѳһѾҺ塣
絽ǸʲôҶе
ԱߴһŮӵ͵͵ĴϢûõģרſƷӡģһӡзΧͨ͵޷ʩչˡ
飡
ƣһͷͷħ͵˹һڲ˾ݵĹǽһҷ磬б˹
ħһӵǿƾⲫѾԶԶࡣ
ҶӶǹͷħ񶷳һš
ҶȻս£һ·ȭʹˣȭӰת֣ץӰķǿץӲãһ˿·硣
Ϊֹˣ
ҶصȻƵһԲնмλãֻžһ죬ħеķǽȻضϣ
ҶĲٵ֮£ʳжָɷУһָṇֱ̀һ
һҶǹ֮ݻģԱǹָ棬һָָܹ塣
ָȷṇ̀˵ͷһָࣵһĶͷϡ
ۣħĶͷָٳһ­ܲǿľѹۼ죬ī͹ͬʱѪ
飡Ҷ˫Ƚټǣס˫͵һƲ֮£ħĵر˦һԣûӦҶ׵ϡ


309 ȡ빬
һޱȣͷħϴ꿦Ĺصص˵ϡ
ҶȻܹʩչ㾳ҲǳصģͶ֮ӵǰʥ⼸ͷħܹġ
Ҷšͷħľǣת䵽ǸŮߡ
ǿ书ʥɵ񾳰ɣŮһĨ֮ɫ
Ҷؿ΢΢ţ³һڳصˣĹûжֻǺķ˲ѣôϧûָܹĵҩ
û£Һͬʧɢˣ˴˴壬ȫˣҵ׵֫ˣöѡŮŤһ¶ѵ֫׵ʹüͷЦһһ壬һ֮󣬷ԲڶǽħֻƾʵЩħˣֻҪܹ뿪Ҿָܹ֮ͨ̾ˡ
ǺðɣŵʹҶ漴ˡ
㡭ʲôŮӺüɫ΢죬ǰİӸؽԼᱧһֱסһֺ˫±ϼ֮£תۼ¶档
Ȼһ·ɱ뿪ħķΧ
ŮһɫĹװʮֿ滹вٵķѡҶŤֱϵͣҶŮڲݵ棬پȫһɣոַϢĸоѾûˡ
Ůӵ֫׵ѾǼͷħ۶ˣʹѰ͡
Ůӷˡ
֪ܳ˼ʮ￪֮ҶȻоȫһɣӿ糱ոյַϢĸоʱɢɵس³һ
뿪ħ֮ŮȫķŻָ˹
ãҵķҲָˡŮʹس鴤һ£һӡȷҰɡ
̧˷ͷϺȻһö𵤣
Ҷɵصһովʱôûз֣ŮӾȻһ𵤾ʿ
Ůӽһɫķת֮£ºȻһããԼȫ¶Ĺ֮зˡ꿦ꡱĽĥϵˡ
ԼȫĹ֮з˿꿦۶ϵĹһɫţѪڻҲ֮ԭˡ
Ƭ֮ŮѾӰ֮վһ˫ˮĵת
벻㻹еʵŮԴһ˫۾Ѿг£΢ЦƷҲ
ˡҶֵո˽ܣһɢҶ䣬ǰڵʿ׷ɱ֮£һ·Ų·˴˵ˣҪأﵽʲôط
ŮϬؿʵŶģҲֻͨأ𵤾ĸ׷ɱȻӳǲˡ
ǺǣһܹݵصıѣȴҲ㲻ʲôͨ
Ҳ˲ˡŮ£һ·˿΢죬ҽ㣬ǴǶʮĵ֮һĵӣ˴θżͬʦֵһͬǰɱһЩޣȡ׶ȡ
ʧʧԭǴǹĵӣҶæ
ԶкȻʮ磬߰˵Ӱӿ
һ߸ݵӺȵʦ㣡⼸㵽ȥˣǵûҵ㣡
ûʲôֻ׷һͷ·˶ѡ漴ǵջˣ
ݵӿڵˣʲôջûУһЩµޣܣû˼
ǰ治Ҫȥˣһħһ֮£ǾֻܹЩħ׸ˡһصλҶ·ģոհҴһͷޡ
˵ҶһۣʾҪոձ׽顣ҶûֻΧӺ˼䡣
ЩǶǽ𵤾ʿȻǿҶΪˣǵ̬ȴΪ߰ҶֻǵһͷΪӦ
ǺðɣǼǰ˵ͷҶ־ḻһɡ
λˡ
ԱߵʦֵܶҶ˵ˣһʵʵظԶɶȥˡ
ʦ㣬αСӣҲֻΪѣʵǿСӻʲô͡Աߵһĵش˹
ᵭصʵǿĻܹӹ׷ɱǲϡ棬ϡʵ˵΢ȴܹ𵤵Χ֮ӳɼսΪḻҲǹٳոұͷ޸ΧǱܵģƷǿŵù
ڼӵпϵģһ˶֨ˣԴҶģҲ˼֡
漴ҶʵιҶѣǰӦþħɣ
δɾ񾳵ʱѾħսˣѾȻⶼóҶװһȻģ
Ȼ֮еĴͷȴʲôĻҪȻĻҲᱻħȦ׷ˡҶ㲻ɫһ֮£жʱЩͷȻħսǾٺòˣ׼Ҫȥҹȥɱħ͸һͬȥˣ³֮ұ빬СҲһ֮ʽɾ͵Ҳʲôˡ
Ҷ̾һϲģܹͶ񹬣ǹԸҲǾͶлˡ
ȻˣұƼȥΪ൱˴ħóһС㿪ڵһҪֻ֣ҪṩһЩͺˡ
û⣡Ҷ漴ͷ
ǹܹΪʮ񹬣ÿ񹬵ĹǵΪǱ鲼ˣӴԴĻ϶°빦
һ·Щ𵤵ӳΪػʮͷĽصޡ
ոλݸߵӣȻ̧ץһѣһ£صصȻһͷ𵤾ħҪСһЩˡ
ĪţͷħȻҪõĽȴҲѡҶ
ӵͣԱһɵӻתͷ·𿴷һؿҶ
㲻üǰȡħĽ𣿡
ǰȡܶģҵļý𵤻ġҶ˵ͷ
Ǹݸߵתͷɻʵô˵ǰȡܶˣ˵
Ҷǰȡܶ࣬һԣҪõħĽ𵤣ҪϢЩ𵤾ħᵽǵϢ֮϶ӭսģȻ֮Ҫ䶷־𵤵ؼʱ̣־иʱݵַܻ
Ҷ˵Щ֮ڳĵɫ͡


310 빬
ݸӿҶһƶģתͷһۣ˵ͷǿһԣ˴Ӵ˿̿ʼĵǲ
۾תԱߵļӣǸݸ߸ӣҲ׷׵ͷ
Ҷ֪Լɲ˵ͻ⵽ˡ

ɽ֮УһڼӴܣ漸׷ᡣ
֮һֻͷħ˺ëͷһѪڲͣѪȻǱļ׷ɱ¡
˾ͷħȻһ
ɽ֮УȻһŭȣһȵɢ˿һ˶Ľ𵤷ɳɽ⣬ӰƣȻ˺ֵܶͨ
ͷħеĽһ֮£һȵʱͽΧ˾ų˿ΪСĵӻѪˡ
ãһͷ𵤾ħҿܰΪ׵һӴһ
ӷ׷˦˷֮󣬶û˵ͷֻ̾ܡ
Ҷרҵ۹⿴⼸ӵݼʵãǺԵͷ˽𵤾ħӲûΪô
¸¸£һȺС࣡ڱĵ£˱񣡱ҪǣͷħС⼸ྐྵȻСʧˣʱЦ
ͷ緢֮£һǿɷ쬵һ¾ͷ˹ݺݵץ⼸ˡ
⼸ʿӵزֻʣ˴ľ̵ļС
ֺŪֹèͺӵר
¸¿Ц֮һȫ½Լ𣬶ͷ˶Ľ𵤼תһɹ̺ħɷèһ⼸ŪǱҴܡ
ǬɱҶһȡ
ͷ𵤾ħ׷ˬĵڣȻؿһըѳһѪ
ţкȻһӰһֻ״̽һӾͽҷɵĽ𵤸˸š
Ž𵤱յķһ֮ʹͷħʱһ񣬶ͬʱ˷ľƿ
꣡ǣ꣬ʮֿͨͷɽͬʱ˹һ˲䱩رͰͷӦûӦħشһࡣ
ЩͨͱɱٶȴޱȣͷӦٿҲֵסҴ󲿷ֵĹǴͷϡ
ӰƵĴ˿У·Ĺ»һ㣬Ƭ֮Žʧȥʶذˡ
ҶΣħһ̶ܴ϶ǱԭʼԵģǱٱƼ˼ľأܹ֮ģƴ֮ģܹԱ𵤡
Ա𵤿ƿֲʵҪ̡
еöɴס˵Ľ𵤣ȴǵһת֮£ɫƮƮ֮ˡ
öȭͷСɫƵĴ󵤣һȦȦ֮ƣͼ֡
𵤣ŹʣȻ̲˶ʮͨĽ𵤣øο׬ˣ
ϲʦ㣡ϲʦ㣡ԱһŮҲ׷¶ϲ֮ɫˡ
ȵҶļа䣬˴ҶöҲ㣬ȥ֮ұضУ
ʦģСܱֻһֶξѣȫǿʦɹʦϽ֮УСܸмһǡҶ
һĴ֮£ѸٿʼƬħ֮ɨ
ʮ֮ɨһûзѶɱͷ񾳵ħɻ˽ʮŽ𵤺󣬾ҶҲֵŽ֮ˡ
ԱߵĲٽ𵤵ǿҶѾǰǰˣǴжʡ
˴εջʵǷǳĴɢ޵ļһﾹȻһǰ
ǳɢޣʲôҪȥԼƴܹȵλ̨дɽֻƾһЩı¡Ҷһ۾Ϳˣ⼸𵤵ӵ̬̹
һ˵˵ЦЦ뿪ħֱǹȥˡ
ԼĪʮʱ֮ҶһƬƴ֮УΧתλõһŴǣתš
еλһǹ貵Ĵ
޷׳˵ͨˣĹģҲ޷һ
˷֮ǵ֮̾ʿΧ
ڳеʿȻн𵤾Ϊ
Ҷװӵģһ£еƻ˻Ρ
Ϊ׵һ۵ĿҶڵСӵأ
ģûгɾͽ𵤣Ѿͨˡؿڵ
Ϊ׵ջеĳ
漴Ҷһƫ֮УҵִӣҶơ
ʦ㣬ջ񲻴Ϊ׵ִӿЦҶɵüʦ㣬С쵽ʲôҪ֪ûгɾͽ𵤵ıŷʮȷҳϺǱӵġ
ӵҳϺǱʶħְҲæ
˵꣬еһ˹ȥ
൱ִȻĹϵ˵ͷսḻţȻʦ㿪ˣȥִһľԷɣСͷĿЩ۵ӣ̫Ѱɣ
лʦˡҶлһ
ֵ̧ݸһƣˣҶ˴λǶİæ빬֮㽫Ž𵤽ȥҲܻȡ׶ýһ£ıȡõλãһҴȥ򱦸󣬰⼸Ž𵤶һ
ˣʦ㡣
Ҷڹת˼ȦȷҶ·Ŵ԰С
Ҳһ㣬Ҷ˹֮󣬽ħҪӸˣ
Ҷ˴·쵽һɽ֮ϣɽֲľжŨľٵĵӶæµš
֮Уͨһʿֻ䵱ۣ𵤾ʿܳ䵱СͷĿѣΪֻƽƽһ޳ɷĽ㣬檣ҲôСȨơ
ҶûҼģҥȴѾλʱ𣬾ͱ丸Ѫϴ軻ǣֽھʥˮ֮ϴǣʹԪҲѾǵصľͷˡ
ҶȴףΪѪǻϴǣŻȾϹһĺɫëǿңɵҲǼࡣ
ʼЩͬΪĸһ˻ճϢ
ÿǲɼľϽȥأˮ١


311 
ľԷ֮УһƬⰻȻΣʱʱмڷбһɸ˵ľ
ľӲƥѰܹĶҪиҪķѺܴĹ
ҶվһǰкȻһغߣ·֮Ӱһ㣬ľһϢأľѾи
иķܹиһУʯ궼и˵ľˡɵæһ֮漴ͽЩľȥˣȻĵһ㣬˸Ƨĵطʼ
ҶֵҲ̫ۣÿɸľĵûʲô
Ļ洿ŵĵزѣչһеϵҶԭУרŷֹΪ޺ޣֻҪ֮ͻ֮ͨؾˡ
֮񾳵޴֮ȫͬˣҶоǣһ֮г֮档
޽֮涼ԶԶȲԼܹתʮŵͨ
СƼǸҶ𣿡кȻһ嵭
һеҡеȻ
棬ļӢȴԴḡͻŰү˹Ա߸һò绨ٸмƣ塣
Ľ֮һ
Ҷæ£֪λʦ֣𣿡
Աһվ˳ָȵ󵨣
ȻǵҶʱһ
޷Ҳûʲôӣ̧һ£ЦԴִƬľ԰֮󣬲ȴǶһ԰Ҳ㿪˲ٰ
ҶæǣСǰɹЩ飬ԱȽ硣
ڹʮֵɻң͸Ҷǹһ˵ÿĹƷ٣¹ǵδмĻҲǹ̫ϳϾͻĵλá
ӵҪһʵѡˣҶһҪúñ֣õ˸ңֻҪвŻΪ
ҶĲŻһҴ´࣬οôһ԰ˣԼԷȨټԷеĵӣ˳˴СͷĿƶһϸƶȣʹľԷĲ
ȻתкȻһִ⣬ϡ
һ쳣Ӵķ˹һɽһ㣬Ҷˣæڵϲ֨ˡ
Ҷ෨ȫԼԿռ֮У˸̽ʲôĴ˿̵ͨȴͨαģΪǧеĵͨõıʶơ
ʮͨΪѾǵ쾳ˡҡȣ˹صǱԡ
ܺãȥɣˡӣһɫСȻƮƮط˹ȥͷ쿪ʼ㣬ľԺͷúõļ͸ɣҿǺܿŶ
лˡҶ˹
ڿʼԷԷҲϽ¶һ΢Цļͷֵĺˣĺô
Ҷͷڿҵĸţ㣬ʵʵڰæľ԰԰
Ȼְûȷ𣬵ʿȴû˵һˡ
ⷽҲܹóĹɻ֮ˡ
⼸԰ôһλʿ˵ֱɵ˼㣬漴˿˲ٻƶĵشרֲϸּƷȣƳȵרιޡ
̶µʱȥˣҶ֮£þȻ󣬸ŵرѾ׶
Ҷ漴ֱѸٵټĵС
һĴܹҶ߽˴֮кվһԲˡ
еһ˸ɢŹĹ֮ϣغ໥顣
ΪǼߵģҶѾǵصĲ֮ˣƷȴ˲ҹάÿ¾ǸЩо˫֮Ҷһֱͺ׼ӵܼûʲôˡ
һҶˣҲûֹ֮ͣŪԱߵЦ
ȻʱѾȨռ˸λһͷĿ񴵣̾ҶӸλˣҾֻг檲л˵ĻȻҲȡˣ
ŽܼҶЦΰҾ͸˵°ľôأ
С˷փ֮£ʵ㲻ʲô
ʲôΪõģһҲ٣
Ҷֻǵͷǡ
ҶʱľӪ֮£൱ԴͱȽƫƧĹҲһֱĩβǽЧľӪ֮£ȴǱʮҲֹʮֵĿǱؿ̧һӣһǹɵ䵽ھΪʮͨ⹩Ӧ֮ڣ˷֮Źʸñ㵽һ⣬ʱ˱ӡ
Ҷûιȥ
û뵽Ȼ̸֮оͶλã
ĸ
лΣӸмҶһ֮£ʱϲ
øҿֻҪǵãֻҪǡͷػ˻ֵȥɣóЩ£ʱҲ˹ܺñڵ񣡡
СһжǵˡҶһת˳ȥˡ
һͨᣬҪ͵дһ
Ǻð˶Ҫһ
ԱߴҶ߽ܹܣ˼֮ɫɵؿڵǲ̫ͻȻˣôһĵӣΪ²˵ûȷģȻΪ
ִܹܣûʲôܣƽĵһֺƨŵõĻġ
ţüëһ¶һ˿֮ɫ
Ǹܹ漴֨ˡ
֮˶ҪҶһĲܣҲ궼ЦˡصǿͲŻõصΪȻѹסôһصС㵱ʲôˣ
Ǹܹɫһʱ֨ˡ
ҶѾһ亹ˣٵǸ˵ļһȻѾǵĸ֣
һǵĵڶز


312 ͻͽ
Ҷ֮֮߳󣬱Ѿʪ͸ˡ
ԱǸܹܵĶʺ޽ӵע֮£Ҷ̤ΪĿռ֮ţ˸ǽ֮С
ҶʱʶλܹԹӵǻ
׳ôǲأүԣƨȻҪģΪˬƨʱǿżԴү֮ģصʱ򣬻Ҫһܹɻˡ
ˡ
Ȼʶһ£Լ˼άɻͣ˼ʱ
˼֮Ҫ£һ£Ҫͨ෽òȻصǿģʱҪͶãǿ»Ҫ޵֮£¸Ҫ˵鷳ֻҪʵԴԶЩʿһЩİʾôͻʿ֮ͣʵڲоֱʵѹƣʿʶԪ֮д˽ƣһеⶼӭж⡣
޵֮һȨʵĻϡ
ز֮ʵʵֲ̫ˣҶʵ˼һָͷģһͷǿʨôҲỳԼƲסһֻϡ
ٵȻΪǼȸǿģƢȴʮֵı³çӵļһ˼ȻʵޱȵǿҪıԿ̤̤ʵʵŽй£Ҷڰ˳֮ѡ˼ǿɵĵӵ˹ִܼ£ܣֱµԴԴϵת뿪ʼͣ
һΪӵоԵȨݱ˻è塣
ټһʱҶֿΧٻߵ˲ٵĿ
Ҷռ֮֮дδ֪Ŀռ֮ڣ׳Ѥˡ
ռ֮еǽ̵Ĵγɵƶ䣬ܵĿռеǳѭŹתݡ
һҶоǰԼһֱĥĿռʱķԼʶ֮н
üһɵһСɽǿķҶ˽񷶥ϵͨ̾
Ҷ̤УסһƮƿ֮УоһŨԼڣ˼㣬е˴Ϊ档
ٻͣ˵᲻Ա߿ӣҶȻʲôʵ
ٻһֻצӣӲмصᣬֹܹˣǷ֮Ӧǵ˾أɾɡɵĸˣǸòֻ˫޵ȤҪȻĻҲͣڲ֮ôˣߺߣСɽĵطҲֻû㳹գĵˣû׼˫ء
ǹ˵˭ȻѾɾĸ֣һʮꣿҶզ̾Ϣ
Ҷҡҡͷȶ̧óϴδлõǿ̲ʮͨĽ𵤣ġ
ŽΪģʮֵͨͣŵΧš
Ҷϥɫƽͷһƹ뵡
ͷϵƹ֮Уһɽչһ㣬תš
֮ͨ룡ҶȻ۾̧һָ𵤡
һͨȻͣסˣǰ׳Ȼ󻯳һķشȻ󻺻طҶͷϵƹ֮С
ҶеĽ΢΢Ҫһ㣡
Ҷĵ֮£Ž𵤻ûбֱСһȦ
ҶȻоԼͷ΢΢һʶ֮бسŴһ֣һָһͨƮƮԼͷϵƹ֮С
عһǽĶгۺںϣʱн۵
ڰ뵽˵ڶʮһͨʱҶͷѾ͹˿˿Ѫ˿
ҲǷǳ֣Ȼ̫࣬ôģҲĲͬģҪһǰ㣬ȴҲѡ
Ҷ漴ͣʼתȹסԼʶʶ֮еתΪȻͣתһֱҶʶȹסˣпʼͨ
ÿÿڵʱ򣬾ʹǽ֮мȡЩ̺ƶ䡣
ٻſ޿һ£һ޴ķӰڿ۶ɣЩͼͶӰһת֮£Χɽ۸棬ʹЩʵģȻƮƮͷϵƹ֮Уˮһ㣬һ֮ѩ˽ȥͼ¼Ϊһ塣
λϾͨʮִͨҶõʮָͨɽϸеּͨƮԾִͨͶӰѡͨһҶһŷ̲֮˰ʮһͨ
ҶͷϵһչˣͷȽȽתһ׳ɽͼ
Ҷϼ΢΢鴤ͷ͹ͷһķ֮һɫⲻͣתϺɽһתѡ
סҶһҪסֻҪ㰾һ֮Ժ˳ˣԱߵٻɫţ
֪ҶͷϺ£ͷϵķתͣ
ž޴ת֮£֮£ѾӰˣʱţתٶֻ
˽˾ת֮Ҷͷϵڿתתͣͣˡ
񾳵أԪ
㱻Ҷһ¶ͷϵѪҧгݵؿٻ͡
ٻϲ֮ɫ漴ֽһôܹңҲΪ밡ԼʵЩ뿪طݺºεȵĿڰˣϽ𵤾
ڶ㣬ڰ̵Χȴħ
֮ȴǲͼͷ˸ЩͼѭĳɣڻתţתĹ֮Уͣؿʼ
һͼ󽥽ػһԲ״ˡЩЩЩͷƣҶľӤ֮£Ľ·ӵһ಻ƳԭƥĽ𵤽˼͵ӲؾͽЩͨʼһһпˡ
೤ľһĳһ㽫Щͼش··Ŀһ㴮
ȻľʼͣƸһ㣬׼Щͼһ
ѰĽ𵤸ֻܹѣһͨɴˣ𵤲ɣо϶ҶȴȻͬƥ֮£𵤿Խʮε֮ͣͣ£ĽֻܹҶĽ𵤳״ˡ
ҶķˮǴתʮһͨ򴨹麣ͣػݳһ塣
лͣһɹۻγһټУ֮һ㶹ľڲͣͨΧתݣ
һ㶹ľ⣬ǰʮһͨγ˵Ľӣ˲ܹװݰʮһͨ
һ׺Բ򻺻ԲԼϸСķͼɢһɹǵѹ
ҶͷϺ£һ
һͨβ֮άʮһͨĻ˽ˡ
һȭͷСĽ۶ˣΧͼʵڡһǿѹΧʯſˡ
ɽ𵤲ףƳ˽𵤳ɾ˷ླӵĲסܹﵽ˵ľأҶѾǷǳˡ
ͨڰأ𵤾ͻؾҶЦһ
ĻΧŽ𵤷ȼ֮ͨѾ̶˵תţͨĽ֮УһϸСӤ
Ž֮еڲȻͬһ㣬ƺʲôչҪƿǶһ㡣
ϸСӤʼһһ׳ΧͨѭӤ
תͳ֮УһץĴʥˮԴԴط֮С
֮жȻһ޴ӰͷǺڰƹ⣬ɫƣϵһϲķ䡣
Ӵ֮ȡĵرˮһϲط֮Уÿÿһ֮ط͸Եһ֡
Ҷռ֮еĲ֮£֮жȻһ㶹ľ⣬ҫռһƬţһɳˮؽϮܣٿȻСصҶˡȻ漴ҵʹ˿
ڡһؾˡҶһʱü̲סһХ
ϧطӰոγɣ漴
ɣȹһ¾˵Ҷ£ٴϢһԱߵٻ͡


313 ط
ǽ֮У뵡
ҶȶڵУΧӿһһŨɽͣӿ˹ȻĽС
в֪£֪ɹ˶ʱ䣬ǽҪͨСɽܵһռ䡣
ϵͨѾѭУķʽУ˽𵤡
Ҫͻط࣬Ҷͳװﲻæˡ
ҶѵĽ⣬𵤾ʵ۷ֵһ̬ʱٶΪΪƿΪɾطڣγطȴǡǡҪ򣬳׳ɾ
ͬҶͻʥһ㣬Ѫ봿񽻻ںϣŷµ
Ȼޱȣȴʼնܹ
ҶĿ׽Լľȴȫ˽档
أͨӰμӪγһƥ̫ͼΡ
ֱԼ෴ʼͣںϡ
֮еӰȻһƿǶķ˽𵤵һģķ˿Уеλãſ˶Դ𽥳ΣȻͷ
γһģľ޺
һ֮еͣеѹռ䣬Ϥ۲飬и𡢴̵ɱ¾֮սཥ
һ֮£ΧĿռʱ׶ѹƾıҲԵвҶطࡣ
ҶķͷϵλãȻɳľӺȻСݺݵض׼Ҷطͷλ³һھľ
˻ɫľһҶУȻڻˮһ㣬һִӨĹִı̹µʣֹγ֧Ѫֲ֫λãһ壬һƥѪһ㣬һ״
ʮתݵĹⲨ
ҶһͷϺȻһϨĹߣʮֱֻһ֮£ʮŹⵯر˿γһ
ʮ۵Ĵ࣬ÿֱֻ۸һϬƥеиһݵһޣ̵ɳǹǿķѾӦıʵϬƥ
³һľ֮ľӵɫʱЩήˡ
ҶҪľΪԼ۳һģǷȥֻľӾͻ᳹˼ԪҲֻʱˡ
Ĵ֮УľӲܹ׵س˱˵Ļɡ
޴ķ̤һͷһ޴ľצǲϾףʮԵͣһۻƴķɢ˿
طࡣٻʹĵ֮г˳Ҳ̲סһ޴ԾԾҪ
ڲҪˡҶصҪǵΰȫ뿪
ֱֳָ޵ֱֻ죬ǽ֮еЩҵĿռ֮˹ķɷ֮һɻƥĿռ֮ӿһɫĲ˿һ㣬֮ͣУʱƣΧĿռ籩ѾγһУۼ棬ǧ˿ƣԴԴϵ֮ˡ
ֻһΣռ֮֮󣬲ûȫ֮Уǽγһͼɿռ֮Ҷı
գҶ̧һָγɵ޴ͼʼٿȻСȻƮƮڡ
Ҷеĸֱҡ֮£ЩҵĿռ֮۶һƴСĺɫ
öɫľΧ˱ҵĲ״ƻ棬硣
öһ֮£̾ͻڷԲһռ籩ǲ֮ĸϣҲѲƤʺϵľǰˮ룬Ȼٳûߡ
Ҷ˶ʮű漴˶ʮöиˡ
Ҷһ̧һ£Ȼ۳һɫķ䡣
ķҲѾˡ̵ͨҲɣռͨѾˡ
еͨһ֮ʹԼѾϾĿռ䷨ȴ쳣
ҶԾ÷ιľˣÿղͣ÷ϴ塣
ľһʼЩӦϾһֱľЩʱ֮£ľӤϾϹľ壬ҲܹӦҶķϴڵľתľʷľϵĴͨˡ
ִѪֻϸСëϸѪܣ鲼طÿһλãҶȡ˳
ҶͷϵķҫķӭзʯֻҪ棬̾ͱױȵǿ˿
ʱ򣬸ûȥˡҶѾգأ̾˿
Ļ䣬ǽ֮кȻѿһ⣬һ֮Ҷ˳ȥˡ
վΪͷһҶˣ漴ʵΪ
ҶеĸѾطΪˡ
ûͻƵüͷһеģȻĲ⡣
ҶûιȥҲ̫˰ɣһǴײһ˵ͻƾͻƣ㵱ͻƾ米һ̫ϳϵĵæȴֻһȱѡ˭ֺܸ콾ȣ
ʡʵڱȲõ㡣ҶЦѣֻһƨ
ҡȣΪͷصˣ񾳾Ȼ˵㣬Ҳܹõóˣʵ˭ҪΪ㣬㵲žǣУ󱾵ӵѵҲҪܣȻĻԺүֵһܹóֵĶûˣЦŹ֡
˵һʱѾ˼Ҷͷһ
ǡǣһжӵķԸҶЦѣֻܵͷǡ
ˣҶٹ¾ȥ֮գǹĹƷ㶼ҪԲһ¡еİļ򣬵ΪĸʱҲҪΪЩĪ˱档
ҷģҶһúðţõʧǡҶֻܽͷ
ҪȥϢȥˡŹǷ
ҶҪæˣæ㹩ĹƷټƶеĸֹ涨һ˽ģҶ漴飬帺ΪƹڵԼµӵĹɣ˼ؾʹӦ
Ҷһٴٸĸ֮󣬶ʱȻһˡ
µʱܿ͹ȥˣǹʱѵˡ


314 ս
µʱգ۾͹ˡ
Ҷһˡ
Ҷ֮УǰոʻĿռ֮ȴĸŵرεĹƷ
лһ׹⣬ѸԽһһ򣬽ؿ˴ǹ
ҶԾشǰ渺ʻǶںİֿ֮УŮһŵر֮кء
·һĵڣһ㾫Ȼ֮б˿תۼͻ˼ǧľ룬ݺݻ档


¡
ҵ۶ʱбֹסˣһɺƴ棬𵴵ĺ檺صײ˳ȥ
ʱףȵҶô£Ҫ𣿡
ã˹ǵķۣҶҲ𵴵Ĳᣬеһǵľͷ
һݣ漴ʱƿڴ˭ôñүѵѵ
˵꣬һƷı£һɫ·裬ƣ漴ɱڵһɫıһĻˮһϨȻһƷĵ
Ҷ漴ת˷֮Уǰȥˡ
֮һƵӿʮڣϸСƬͷǵĹˣվ֮УؿҶˡ
ʮ˵񣬷·ڿͷѾϵһ㡣
ãɫȻ壡
ɫһ䣬תҪܣ䣬ξ޴һ£һ˶ޱȵʯҵײ˹ǧħ˷Χ˹
ħһ֮£Ҷʱ͸оԼ·Ҫһ㡣
һſһ֮£һŴƥɫ˳ħ𽻴֮£̵ȼˡ
񽣣
ţ߳һ̧һָһɫĻ潣ǳǧɣɫƣҵĴɨգΧһҽ֮£Щħɢ˿
Ϊ׵һָһ̽պȻһ󲨶һֻֽʵʵӡؿϡ
飡һı
ϵǼϷһζϢ鱯һƬ˿
һ屻ײĵ˳ǧɿ⣬³ʮѿڣŴŽɫѪҺҪǮһ˳
ŵؿʮʾĸ֣ɫһȻ֮⡣
ǡЩ嵽Ҫʲôǿ򶨵صǴǹĵ̣
㻹ôΪ׵¶֮ɫصμȻˣȻѾס㣬ûд뿪
ɫһƬҡ
ߣ赲һ󣡡Ҷǹһȵ
㣿Źֵؿһ۵
ɳɣ죡ҶȵȻĻ˭ܲˣ
ãһ㱨ģһؿһۣζһ֮£ٿȻһ磬ʧԶˡ
ٺٺ٣Сӣ޲¶̵ɫˡ
ҶһȻչطʮ۵ķſΧϸʯķҵسʮײ˹ȥ
Ϊ׵ЦһЩʯײԣЩʯײֱͺó涣ҧûʲô
¡
Щʯ֮еʮö򱬷˳һɻĿռ籩͵سǼѹ˹
Ϊ׵ʸӦɿռ籩ʱʧɫ⧲֮£ոճɾʵ屻ɱ͸룬һһӱѵѪ⡣
СΪ׵ʲȻŭ
ʱ䣬ȴѾԶˣΪ׵ʶ˶ţŭȵǷֳȥץǸСȥץ
Ӱû˵ͳԶֻӴܵҶ׷˹ȥ
꿦꣡ʯ֮䣬ҶһƬҵʯУִ̧һʯץһ漴ִϳһſһ֮£ѾӰ˳ȥıҵش߶ʯʯ֮УԶ˹ȥ
ΪǳʷҶĿ֮󣬶û˵ѭЩ׷˹ȥԱһȴΡ
ԶһʯڸٷţһȻ˴߷
ģթСɫâһɨ֮£ʱҶĸƭ֣Ȼŭ֮£Ҳˣһչ͵׷˹ȥ
ֻת֮䣬ͷѾѸ׷˿ŲֻӴܵʯһץ֮£һɵĴתۼͱʮһ㣬ݺݵץʯ
Сӣҿ㵽ܣαҪʬΣͷЦסʯȻָһ
ʯѾ˿ʯ֮ȴȻɳžɫС
ãиթ࣡ʶʱһ
ÿռ֮ɵģ沼ķͼԵʮ־
Ҷɵ
иŽıһ֮ͬʱըΧĿռʱȻһ֮£Χ̲һǿƥĿռ籩һޱȱҵϢ˲ϯء
Χʯ뱻ɱķ籩˿
һɫѸٱŷ˳һһ㣬־صĹƣҵײ˹
֮ʯѾֲƥ
Ѿ˱ޣǱͨ
ͨͷɫ䣬һȻ˫ȭһһתƺưס
Ҫ֪ЩĿռ籩֮ѰĿռ籩Ҫǿʮ⼸ĸҪͻƣҲǺˡ
ʱ˿̣ҶһƬʯ֮֮У͵͵ؿͷʮץʡ
ܵһڻûγɴӡ
ڲԶոձҶÿߵͷҲڷٵظˡ
ҶЦһ¡쳤̾
ҶһɺɣƴһͷȻҸߣǱϾǲ֮
һת֮£漴ʹ֮д˳
ף˫һ֮£ʱˣ͵չһֻ֣Ҷץ˹
ڤԪӡҶֽ̧
ںΧʯ죬һѷһӿ˹
Ӵ֮ĵڤԪʯһѷһسײ˹ȥ
飡飡һ˫צǧȭӰƿϮʯһһ˿
Щǿƥʯ֮Ӭһ㣬һһرһ˫Ƭľ޴ƸĳƬ
Ȼ䣬ʯ֮һ鿴ѰʯŻ˹ʺ⣬̧һָͷͽʯˡ
ʯ֮кȻһŵɫâˣָɽ¡¡͵һͷʵԴ档
ʴֲ֮£ӶһӴ˸飬Ѫ·
زҽŭȻǵһأҲô׾ġ
ָɽУȻٴηɳһĺڹһṇ̀档
һο֮ˣλ໹ֽͷ­˿


315 
ҶָɽЧһۻǷܣһָɽѹЧ
ҶгǹϺڰ׶תΧгݵ𵴲иƣǹлŭһɲ֮䣬ǧǹӰͬʱ˶ͷ­棬Դ˼ǧٸӡ
ЩϡõѪڿлڲͣ䶯仯ţƺҪһ㡣
ͷʻδɾͲ֮סҶһмٵͨһץʣʹܹڵһؾܹ
Ҷһ֮£ͷʱˡ
ʷ쳣زҽҶǹ治˱иͨͨרԪ
ϧǣҶƫƫһսǧ飬༿֪
ǸûᣡԱߵٻͷ˳ȥ޴ĵձ仯֮£ֳ˾޴ĳһ֮£ЩѪ⾡С
ٻͣ򶷵ʱ㲻ԶǲҶ޵ˡ
ٻûһ˿ܵغٺٹЦүǰѹͷʵ
ʣͷʽӽˣҶû˵תһͷ͵Ƭʯ֮С
ɶСӣȻ˴໣ϷҪɱ㰡ϷҪʬΣҶһͷʷ˱ŭĺһ֮£ͳҶ͵׷˹ȥ
һǰһһʯ֮дȥһѡ
ҶԱߵĵڤԪӡȻɳڰԪһתһɾ޴ͷ΢΢һϡ
ǹ
ǧ֮һɲǼ䣬ҶѾͷˣҶ֮к̽һֻ͸ľǹ沼ط߸
̧һ̣شͷʵͷϣһڵĹⲨѸٴ͸ͷʵ塣
ڵĹⲨ֮ͷʵѸٱըѳһġ
ʴֲ֮£ҽһͷ­һһ㱬˿ƬѪº˳ȥ
Ѫ֮дһ;޺֮
ΪϷôױɱ𣿿ɶСӣƴŻٵһҲҪɱ
ɢѪ⿪ʼؾۼ׼
¾̣ӡ룡ҶȻٵͷ棬˫֮һźڰδεԴ֮С
źڰһӾͷӡס壬ҵ˼άѸٻѸٺɨȻҼѹ˹ȥ
Ҷıٴμ˱۱֮£һ¾ͽͷ˺ѳ߰ʮ飬ԱٻͷֹĬؽͷķѵԼĿռ֮С
Ҷָ֮£͸ӰֻڿвͣŤ䶯ţһزҽ
ž޴Ѫ⽥ûϢ˻һ飬ֻ̺ޱӴ
ͷʵطȻˣ
ط̲֮ʮͨ
еĻߡҶĴ֮ټıλ۾
ͷǾ޸Ʒĵǵж㲻ʲôˣЩеȻǱǷչǱȴܸߣпܻᷢչƷƷƷĵܹ¹ĥĻնܹɱ˵ķ
Ҫ˵ǱˣЩɱɵĿܡ
üһЩ߾ѧ
ҶСزŵѪϰһˮ״͸С֮Уͨ䶯ȴֱһڰ׸Ĥ˿Թ־ҶѾԪʶȫװ˿ҲԱˡ
Ҷּ̧˵ڤԪӡѪ⾡Լˡ
ٻ̰Եļһʱ˿ڵĿռ֮ŬŶʳء
Ҷ̧һ֮£ͷʵͳö洢ĵת߲ʵı⣬ҫΧһƬ⡣
ոѾԳˣԼķ֮
ͷŭԼʣҶ΢΢һЦһԼʵϾǱȲʰôȥƾ㲻Ҳ۵Ѫˡ
΢΢һһת۵糸һ㳯Զʯɶȥ
һ߿ɣһ;ĶӰܷ
ղͣϢķɶ֮£Ҷʮʯǣ˦˱׷ͷʡ
ҶŷתСؿ˴ǹ޴λá
ǹ޴ųϫ֮ﵽʱճϫ籩ʮֵ׿񡣱˵ҶֻǷΪ˵ȥҲԻ·һ
ǱҶеͷʵȴвվʯıʱճϫȴ׾١
ʱҶѾֹһεش˴Ӵǹ޴λõ׼ȷ·ߣԷɻ·ߵû·
ۿ޽ǰˡ
Ҷصغһжʱࡣ
˵޽绹޽ϾԼļҰ
ԶƬϤǿգҶ񶼼Хһ֮ͳƬǿռ˹ȥ
޴׻֮ҶѾؿĺˮ½ˡ
Ҷ಻סеļȳ죬̲סҪ쳤Цһ
ԼѾǷླĸˣҰʮһͨķ࣬޵֮УѾһɺӵ
ٺ٣ѦСˣѦֲԳϼˣ
Ҷɵذҧгݣڻ䵽ҵˡ
Զȴɳ˼ڲͣؾţ˱нͿŭ
ͨɵļСϵĶ


316 С
ΧͨһŮѾʥΪˣֳƷصֿţļ֮һѾһصΪˣҲǲ
ͨɵСԹԽ˴ؾıִүĺΪ׵ӿЦţתѹơ
룡ĸͨɵĵӷֿŭѡ
ĵһתɽһ߿ЦɵͲԳ϶ҪƨǼϼԹԵ׳ǵĽֺүͷŹ㣬ĻվȱԲˣ
ԳϣһԶ۵Ķ
Ҷɵس̾һĬȻһӴȻӿתۼͻһֻյĴ֣һִָһ֮£еķ׷ױ𱬳Ƭ⡣
ĵӲҽѪ˳ȥǰվŵꡣ
Ȼλླĸ֣ԱڵӴʧɫ
ҶƮƮغ˼УصͨɵĵӸʲô캦ˣĵҪɱģ
ӰŭĿӡ
ΪһĵŵʵǺˣȻ赲£
ͨɵĵӣ˵Ϊʲô赲Ҷ赭дص
Ա߼صͨɵӶʱϲĵȴǽʵʵسһ
Ϊ׵ӽƻص𣬿ͨɵĵȴǵĶô㣿
ǺãȻͨɵĵӣҲܹƫƫšҶĻڰףҲǸԱʣƽԷһҾˡ
ļɫٿȻһ䡣
Ҫ֪޵֮ǿ£һ˶ļûвֵĵ
ȻˣǼ¶ġ֤һ°ɡҶתͷ⼸ߵıɵӵ
ͨɵĵҶע֮£û˵ɵؾ
ĵȴǳٳٲҷģɫ쳣
İҶصոջĵ˵ǵĶôֲҷĳˣˣôһĶ⸱У
㣡죡Ϊ׵Ӵŭ
ǣҶٺЦֻҪ֤һ£⼸СߵͷϴΣ
˵꣬ǰ̤һϷһ۵һĵӶٸתĿѣԣɾ޴ƥѹѹƵ˵ˡ
ɣСѣӲǼƽϾǡҶһȵ
ĵݵؿҶ漴޺޵һţתͷ˻ȥ
ӣʦ֡ͨɵĵ໥ŷҶһ񣬹
Ҷһţָɫˮǵڣϸһǵڣ̾κǵƣָ˲٣ӵɫʱָ˲١
ǰһصλʦˣӹªţͨɵʦ֣Ҷʶһ֪ʦһģ
ҽҶסĵǰǸող뷨⼸һֱǿУո޳ɷ࣬ûüϱɡҶ赭дص˾ֻӦ֪ҡ
ԭǵħһսħǵҶҶʦ֣Ӷʱ־ϲû뵽Ȼеٶô죡
ֻЩˡҶһЦǼܺãͨɵķǡ
Ҳûʲôöǣһ͸ˡҶ̧һָһ«УǼйҲеΪһЩҩУȥ֮򲻿ɵˡ
һŮĸŹӲӵĺ«ûЦ죬Ҷлʦʹͣлʦֽ̻壡ӽ󶨵Чɵ
ʲôֱʣͽдֱʣ
һٶŵĴѾܹȡһƷıˣ
еû뵽ԼһǻѪúȻ͵õ˻رһĲ֪˵ʲôˡ
׼ҪصȥˡҶͷǺΪ֮ɡ
лʦִ£ӽߵͷ񣺡ֻǴ˴ҲҪһ£Ҫ֪ԳϺʦֿһƫġ
֪ˡҶ˵ָǾзص񽣵ȥΪǽһ
кȻӿһɷ籩ķԶԶһըװıȡ
Ҷɫ΢䣬̧ȡСһŮս˿ռ֮УӰ˹
һȺ顣ҶɫĮȻһ۵˷˹˵ͷСˣһ顣
ӡ֮ҶһۣһĨ漴ЦҶ֣Ҳ̫ûƷζˣһλླĸ־Ȼ۸켸δ񾳵ĵӣ
۸ǣǺǣôĵӶϲߵڰװͨɵĵ̽ؾǧ࣬˵ĵȴҪͶ񣬶һɵƣ֮ʱ͵ϮɱڣЩʦܵĲ»ҲͰˣʦֵôҲڰף쵽׻ҪҪˣҶصҲΪԼҵһ¹ѵҪǱɱڲɣ
ɨ󼸸һۣٺЦߣô˵ô֪ǲǹǵأҲһ֮ʰɡ
ãܺã˵ķǳãһ֮ʣҶ˼΢΢Цּ̧һӰµӾĶҷˣĵӸҲҷַõ֤ǲǣ
ɫʱһ䣬ֽ̧ӹ֮Ҳֱһ˷Цһ
ûϵҶͷһ漴νص˵ͷָðһӰӣǾ˷ﻹеǣˣˡ
㡭ҶɣɫˣҶĻ̾ӵɫ䣬̾һĨɱ
洫еٮٮߣѾطĸ֣ǧ֮ǰѾɾط࣬ʵǿƥ
Ҷͳ͸Űڰ׵師ˣƽ̳ϲаԵҪ棬ֻҪ׼˳֤֮һĶⱣ֤ҲֻܺѪȥѡ
ƽ̶ûκεοèĹ
Ҷس˻תƵؼƲʾߡ
ߣڰ಻סһһɫȻϷɳתۼͻһͷ޴ͻ״ſ͵ץ˹
ҶһȻһ̧֣һһ֮Ѿָֻ֣һ˵Ѿ˿
Ҫ֣ߺߣ۸ȺС飬ȷûʲôٵģҾ۸۸飡ҶŭЦ
Ҷһȣһҡ֮£Ȼһɺڰ׶ռ֮С
챾Դʩչ˳ӶʱоΧĿռȻһϣ˷·ճޱȵĽ֮һ㡣
һıȣû˵ͷҲһӰˣΧǵǳâҫܣطһɿ쭣ҶķѹƣȻֻ͵ӭҶķࡣ
Ҷʮ۵ķֱַֻ࣬һֱ޺һǹų֮ռгһƬѵĺۼұֻݵֱӲֻݺץĴ֡
飡εķ֮£Χɽ御˿
Ҷطһ֮£ƱãȻһپͽӵķྡ˿
ط񶷳һţƱü侪ˣԶһЩʿѾо͵˼ơ
ҶеĳǹȻ任޷һӵķͷŸֱһһ޽ķ鱬˰ߡ
ӴһѪ˿


317 ˮ
ۿҶһͷ˹Щ̧̣׳һƵĵ⻪ҫ
Ϸת֮£Ȼɳһľ޺ף˫ȭɽ͵صסҶһޡ
һҶһ͵ݵһ֮С֮Уһ죬߽֮£ϵ龹Ȼ˲иٿ飡
ϵĹâʱôһģĶ˵ˡ
㣡ȻҴҵ飡ӱ˳ȥѪҪǮһӿ˳Լ⻪ĵʱȻŭ
ҲǳѾõˣȻõйңҪҪҶЦ
ӵķͬʱ˸ţֶʱױ˿
лñ䣡Ҷıٴγһɫ֣һ֮£ӱԪ˵ķʱ˿Уˡ
Ӵ󵨣кȻ֮£һŽɫĻзҶͷϡ
˵治ҪƤúãô쵽׻ҪҪҶжʱȻŭеľ֮һħȻѪڣһڣˮһͽŻȥ
Ҷе֮еܹƿĴֻͨҪǻͲ¡
ͣһ㾫ɫĽȻƿϮɱֱҶʺλá
һּݶȻҪһٷϵ׶ϾҶ֮·
ҶطȻζһ£ʱݵĿռ䲨ˡ
ݶһնռ䲨棬Ȼ˿֨֨·иһʯͷһ㡣
Ҷط֮еһֻһһ֮£ؾסƿϮɱһɫС
СѾǾƷıٵľ磬Ѿԣƺо˾޴Σһ㣬ҶƴŲݡ
ҶסݵСŭ
֮ɼž
𣿡ҶٺЦΪ㲻Ҿˣ
ƿɱҶסС֮Ȼ̧һָһɻķ档
С·ֻҧһ㣬
ۣкȻһ쳣ϢˣؼаɱɷͬʱеǸӰ֮УһʹĴ֮һӰǱشӿ
ӰȻҲַླĸֻ֣ϲһŵɫķ䣬һ㸽ķ棬ͣ䶯ߡ
Ҷޱ飬ǰҲǷླĸ֡
ӡ
ླĸ־Ȼͬʱйһ͵ϮģҶţɵʮܹ֮ɳĺ¡
д˿ǳ׶ŭˣǰ͵̤һ˫ۻ֮ΧɫˣĹǽڼҡ֮£ٴԳʮ۵ط࣬ıֱֳ˱ҡ֮£֮£ת֮ͽ˾˿ۻ
ӺͬʱҶؾסˡ
Ҷķҡ֮£˱չ˷ӡӰһһĴͷԵشȵ۾ֱˡ
Ӻ˷ɫ˳׵֮С
Ҷֵܽ㲻ݣ
תĻöС̫һ㣬ˢˢسҶ˹
ҶȻŭҪģ޳ܵģûмôƤҪġ
뵽Ҷе𺣬кȻһѡ
쵰òֲʲôأ
뵽Ҷû˵һмţһ̧ĵؼһӰսеĳ¼ˡ
ˣվҵΪֹҶ̧һ֮£һˣصƤĻ쵰ӲǼƽϣٸҹ
ǱһĨŭ֮⣬漴ֺٺٹЦҶ˶ۣƽһУ
ȻҪŭңҶһЦȻеӰ쵰뼤ңѾ޳ΧŹ¼¼ٺ٣֪պУôأ洫ӰҶһ˴ѹţĴȥĻ֪׻Ӵô䶯أ
Ӻɫʱ쳣ѿ
޵߲ϲþһƤıҶȥǵö۲ɡ
ͬʱݺݵصҶ޲һѽҶˡ
λѣҶĳ˾ʧˣҶЦһתһ⣬Ҫ
˿ļˣӺӴһߣ
ҶЦ˫ۻ֮£һƣ͵˵ͨתƮȻȥˡ
Ӱһǰڿҵ׷ݣת֮䣬׷һƬ֮ˡ
ӺŭУҶ赭д⿪
¡¡Ϻؽը֮£·ˮ׽ըһ㡣
жس˾ִƥˮ֮һӺȻ֣ӵңİĺХ첻ݣһǧɣ͸ˮһɼˮųĽХƿռ
ˮ͸ķߵˮ𡣽ӿ
һִˮһ֣쳣׼ز˵Уһ֮£ڶսһŵ˶ʱֿˡ
ϾӨĺˮ죬ˮжȻһССµİۣ˷ˣɵڿһ裬Ȼ˹
Ů貨һ㣬ƽŲľӨˮ
ŮһǵľݣüԶ죬֬Ƶ㷢ͷһ˫Ķ˵Ĵ۾Уƺ̺˺֮һ㡣
һ֮һƬɵĴϯ˹·𴺷绯һ㣬һϢƽıŰɱ¾֮


318 ֺ
ŮλðĳɷҶͬʱͣס֡
ӿƮƮ˺ˡ
Ůһ£ؿˣ̰öλ񶷵Ҳ޷ȴǻˮĽơ
ŮӺȻҲ֪аԵ磬ǽǾ͸ˣå
ҶֵܽˣӺӴ˴γԿ
˺޲ýҶ̻ˣŴݺݵصҶһ֮תͷߡ
ҶתɫװŮӣǸһֵǸλԹޣµɽʤԲ뺣ǹɵй˵ѵޣʵ֮Ҳ֪ﻵ˶ٽƣ¿⳥ǡ
ЩƻȴҲûйϵҶֵĴжˣˮİ󡣡嵭ص
ŶԭӣҶ΢
ˮİƽѵİͽҲѾǵھطΪҶ½˵Ѿǳĸˡ
Ϊھطľ磬ܹͻƾǧꡣ
ϺȻζѿһŻˡ
ҶԱϺȻһĵӰ۾ȵ´Ҷ㡭Ҷ𣿡
ۼǰһ񾳶ؾû뵽δȴѾͻصˡ
Ȼңеڶ𣿡ҶЦۣǰλѵ𣿡
λʦ㡣΢죬շ˹䵽ǰϲصҶ磬Щ϶˰ɣҪȻҲͻƵô졣
תͷʦ㡭㲻֪ģλҶˬҲѧţο϶Ĺ
ЦˣѾͷҲû˵ҶֵĹ
Ϻˮҵط̾ͷֳһ˶Żˣ¶ˮˡ
ﲢ̸ĵطҶ̧֡һָ˳ˮȥ
ˣ߶ˡ
Ҷ
ſŻһ·˹ȥͨȫøɺˮ֮ĲϽɵģѤûʣҾԺе澰ҿģҲѾЩͷˡ
ֻոձеһͨҴ֮£ͨܵ˷Ĳ֮£ٵλѾѺۣڹķҲѾЩˡ
ЩƻĺۼҶĸе˼漴ʹԼĿռ֮е龧ҵһˮϵľƷ
˴ΣҶĳˣ˹ڵĲٰƣֳɵʵڹⲻȥ׺ˮޣҴһʿжñЦɡҶȡһĳߣˮ߰رӡ
һˮ棬оͷģ޻أľͷԲԣƴһԡ
ɢһǿˮ֮ˮɫ׵
һ֮£жʱϲ֮⣺һƷıҶǴֱʣ¡
ҲóˮϵҶҡͷЦҵ֮һֱûʲôʹոռʶ˵ˮͨǵˮϵͨѾ۷ľ磬͸ܹӵµľ磬Ҳ͸ˡ
Ǿ͡лҶˡˮҲ飬漴һ񣬽˹֮󣬸̺һˮܹ֮̾ˮˮϵļ֮£ܹɱ仯ɳƷˣˮֶһ
Ҷ֮󣬰̬̾ͱ࣬æִŮдҶ
ҶڵĽ֮£ͰҶееˮͨʮֵľˮˮϵ֮£֮ҲͬĻ⡣
Ц̸̣۽Ϊ졣
̸Ƭ֮Ҷ漴ǷԼ֮ȥˡ
ɫˮϸţǰϲ
þˮɵģӡ˼ǿˮˮޱȣÿˮش֣κֻҪӸУᱻ׷
ˮĻҲаֵľˮȴмеľˮˮĴҲûһΣӾȻˮ֮е޾ˮƶɣֱʣ˾ˡ
ǱΪϲΪĻ򲻵
ˮĴдһã΢Цػˣ
ʦӸոյõһƷҪʦô󷨼һ
ŶѽӹһȻɫ΢䡣
渽֮ɫصص
֮ʲô֮ɵؿʵ
󣡡ɫ࣬ҡҡ֣ȲҪˣ֮鲻⴫мס
ʦģһ漴еıϡ
ӵǺܺãһŽǣˮ޵ͨɱɵֻҪķĿ๦ǰʱ䵹ǻɱһͷĵؽħʣʡȴݿ๦ˣСӵһˡḧߵıӣЦãԭСЩ࣬ڿȴ˳ˣҲ֪˵ûС
ˮɫۺ죬漴ʦȡЦͽˡ
˰ˣҪɱ䣬ȴҪóѹ׵ıˡѵЦһִ̧Աһץһֻ͹ӵͭ¯ðһŵˮɫˡ
˱ֲСʱķ֮ˮɫĻţһһŵѪ֫ͶУһɹۻķˡ
ɱһͷ֮󣬽Ѫ⾡ЩѪ̺ˮԪ֮ʱϣԽʡķ˵ܹʹӵ
¯һع㣬˶ޱȵڿ߮һȦ֮һ˫쳣ն԰һۣЩͷԵġ
ˮ죬Ѫķһ
ˮæָһһԲ̺Ѫ档
¯֮¡¡ٴͷĹһ˫ͫ
ͷ˶ޱȵ㣬׶ţ˶βͰરવ˦ţϵʯ˲١
ޱһˮɫĴ˸ʵĹ⻪ҫ֮еÿһ䡣
һƷĵˡ
ˮһ֮£жȻˮ춯һɵɺ嫵⾳ܹռȫߵ˹һ㡣
ãͷľѪԪȻ޷죡Ǻǣò˶ãžܹΪһƷĵ˰ɡ΢΢׵
ȴ֮ɫ


319 ǹལ
ҶڿзƬ̣䵽ͨɵĴ֮ǰ
ŵĵæǰϥ¹ݼҶʦ֡
ɡҶһЦûмŽţеʵзʲôûУ
һŵӹҶʦ֣˵ǰŵļŵһĵӷ˳ͻ˶ԷĶʦֶŭˣҪ⼸ŵӡ
ҶâζȻһ·Խ˴ֱ̨
̨棬ϴһŮһţǵɫͨ죬ԱվһԴݵӣ
ҶаŭƮƮ̨档
һأָһŵӺȻеһɣƮƮڵˡ
㣡Ҷʲôŭ
Ǽ׷ʲôҪ󸿵̨ϡ
ЦŵӲɵӵĹأͨɺĹϵӦ׻̶֮Ϊ洫ܰԼҵӣ
ƨҶһ仰ǵȻŭҶصĹΪ洫ǲܰӻ̣ҲΪıɵƨкԼҵӡ
㣡Ҷ仰ʹһӱѪ졣
˺ôľѹŭصµƾһ֮ʣȷ֮
ҶãԵصҲܵƾķ֮ʾҪɵӵҲ̳֣ϼ黹ֲԽ޴ңҡ
¶һ˿ЦҲзݣһǲҲҪ
ȻŭΪҲô
ԣҶһƬ塣
˶񶷼һ㻥ŭӣá
ɫٿȻ࣬Ҷõػ˱һطӰΧĿռ֮Ťѵĺۼĵ롣
˵ĳΧ೤Ƕɫ䡣
벻Ŷ̶̼ʱ䲻ҶѾֲֿľء
ҶҲѾǷླ磬ԴֱС˸̣ҶﶪӣȴҪһ
ԱߵĶγ˹Ȱ˵λλɵĵӣΪ˼аܻڰ࡭
ҶԱλϣصγϣһֵĹǼаܻôҶ񲻳ɥˣ
һεѹʹöγϺ˰벽ʱˡ
ླĸ໥֣ôһλµĳõܱˡ
Χһɳ϶ʱƻˣҶΪһླĸ֣ܹѹȺۣƽǰҲмĻȨģЩλĳǲ
˵˵ȥҲǲҪƤϴħǴ֮һֱҪţҵĽڣʱҲѲ˸ϵȻҪĻ͸ȷҲǡ
кȻǬյǺǺǣû뵽µ֮С£Ȼ洫භ
ˣǱɵľӢΪС¾Ҫ̨ûñЦ֮кȻˡ
Ҷɫؿſ۵ˣ벻С£͵ƽ̳ˡ
쵭һЦɵжǽˣԵ·˵ģû˵ˣѹ˵ĵµ֮ҲùʵģֻǱŵһˣɲǼС£Ҵ˴ǰΪ˸ҶֶԹ϶ġ
ûɵĵȷҴ򻵵ġҶɵص˵ͷƽ̣㲻һ̵ƽ𣬸ɵǰˣֹ֪ܹ
ʲôɵǰǻĳһЩˡǬЦЦϴαЦݣɵ˲ħˣ²ýѹˣľһƽҼȻɵˣƽһҪֵˡ
ǺãǰȻ׼ҪֹҲ˵ĹǾͺáҶ΢΢һЦ漴гˡ
һΡ
Ǭյɫʱˡ
Ҫ֤ݻףҶֳ̧ӰԿƽЦӰѾǰо¼ˣǰĿˡ
ҶЦĺܵ⣬ҲգӰ΢΢һ£漴ƽϢ
ƽ̲µӵһȻЩۣĲƴ֣Ҳ㲻ʲôˣӰļֻʦ˵涼Ҫˡ
޵߲𣬳ϣþһƤѡ
ڼŵӼִǱŹ̲ܽϣˡ£һȥϸ鿼һɵӵĹϢǣǬƽ̳Ĭһ£漴صҶ㽫ңһȥ飡ɵӵĹҶһˡ
˵꣬ҲҶӦ̧һУҶеӰѾĴ֮С
ңֻϣƽܹԼһµĵӣ˵ʵ޵֮еķʵںܲҶɫصͬΪɵˣҲһƬ⡣
Ĭã޺޵һţתһǰӰӣɶԶ֮С
ͷҲˡ
е羲ؿҶһĨ֮ɫ
ãЦҶ˴εƽ̣²һ¡
ƽ̣˵Ű裬Ǵˣǲ֪ġҶߵʲôƨɵһɣɵĲƴֶѣ㲻ʲô
ҶЦһ֮жȻһӰ˸صҪǲ˿ʵĻ;ȥˣĵӳԶ
ˣȻҶеҲ˰ɡ̷϶ǼĬȻվӣصǼȥɣҷʡһ
ĵĴ֮С
Ҷڴеλą̃վǼ½񾳵ӡ
һŮȻڲͣĨᡣ
ҶڵУصһֱߵýҲûа취飬ϾΪͻƵֻѾǿҪ߻ħˣ˴ҿǻаɡ
ǼסˣͨɲˣҲᱻۡҶкصߣԱУ
Ƕסˡ洫ӷ׷׵ͷ
ʦ֣ںؾ֮еҲջķᣬһͨҪ׸ɵģʦЦɡ
һŮȦˣȻݺݵص漴óһͨ飬ݸҶ
Ҷ̧־ͽ˹
һܹǧ겻಻ľƳɵģֱ󣬾͸оһεȴʵϣԼԼӰԼľ
Ҷҿ֮һɫӿ
гĽɫԼ˼һƷͼͼ·ص
ЩķڿвͣشңȻϣγһӡƴķ
ҶΪ֮𾪵ǣЩͨķȻǧҶռ̬ǧ
ֻķȴЩȱȫģ
Ҷ
ԱŮЩʵʦ֣ͨΣһʼҲĹˣһֱ̫
Ҷ˼˵ͷţͨ൱һŴͨѹֵ֣ͨһˡ
ͨӲ־ϲʵ
ǼȻô˹ףҲװҪǵͨҶ̧ӣԼĶ֮кȻ󿪿ռ䣬ǰȻʮɫѤõı
ϴǿлõһЩÿ˸ֵıһֻɽ䣬ûȥɣ´˶֣Ҫǵñִַ磬ǧҪ˿ʵҪҪסԼΪϲߣǴɷɽڲûգǿˣ
лʦ֣⼸ŵû뵽Ҷ־Ȼˣһ־һƷɽ䣬ϲأûЦ͡
ǰ̷ʱһɨգÿ۾֮æһˣ˻С
һһŮǴѡһֻһֻصı»еǸѡһڹ͵Ʒɽ
Ƕ¶˾ģ˺õͨһҪҶס
Ҷһ֮£ЩԼĻ˼Ƭ̣ȡһŴĹʮڣȥһ°ɣʲô׵ĵطҲѯʡ
⼸½洫ӻϲصæ˹
мǣҴǱ鲻Ҫ⴫ҶкâһصУֵ飬ҲҪᣬ͵ǹȥ˰ɡ
ס˼סˣлʦ֣


320 з
ôҹȥˡ
Ҷһ֮ìַ֮ܵٴ˵ڶδ
صԼĵ֮УҶʼ
ոƽ̿ڸҪѦȥҶƽ֮еζƺѾ֪Ѧĺֻ֣һ
Ҷȶͷϵļ˿Ʈ죬ķŻơ
ȻһȦҵľˣһɫľʱ𣬹ͨأһ޴ط˳Ʋ֮вͣŤ任ţһطͼŷ֮Ѫһظ벻ͣ߮ţ·ĳֹתһ㣬û˿֮תľ
˵ǰطֻһӵľ޺ڵ޺Ѿӵǿϸ书ʽˡ
ĳ֣ʱЩǵһ漴͹ڵϣͣߵͷɲֹ
Ҷ͵۾֮е硣
ƿ֣еطȻһ£ȻǾʮۣطȴǶһ˿ϣ·ؼİһ㣬˲ַһϡ
ͨޱߣҪȴҪ侭ʱ̬ܹɡ
Ҷǡǡռôһˣ׹ʫ飬ֱ֮࣬е֮󣬳˵ûܹ͸
ԴҶķ֮漴ͽİʮһͨмһ
˵и£иУһ֣£˱ޡ
ٱ˵ͨɷ˽𵤣Ȼɾط࣬һ֡
κӵлҵһһ档
Ҷеᣬ˼
֮˸һ򣬽֮ͨ󣬾͸ˡ
뵽Ȼ̧һץ֮һˣȻһ͸
ɽ֮ˣŽµ̲ԡ
͸Ҽϸڵϣ֮Ȼ䱻ɢϼ֮ѿˡ΢֮зСݣɢŲȴ쳣׳
ͨɵķظ˹ȥ
ûзصͨˣɸãӸϣͨʼնһּһĸ
ΪǴ˼зԵʣƽ̺ļλͬ˼ĳϣͶ򰵵ضչˡ
ҶҲûи˳µسɾ񾳵۷Ϊ
в࣬˶ٳɱеǱճɾ񾳵۷Ϊ
Դħս֮󣬵Ǵ˼ĵӣֶ쳣˲ĽɫΪɺ쳾еĴĥ¿޹ģѾǴĥ͸ѾĵزдǻۡԵĳɾҲǷǷľ޴Ѿռ˳ϵλˡ
Щ˼洫ӣֶҲǷҲĻǵ
Щ˴ڶռ֮ʮҪλãħ֣ɵ
ֶ֮Уһ׳
˼ϡ٣ҵ࣬һĴܹۻ֮ӱģһӵдɾͣҪдǻۡӱɾʥҵλ
нǿϢ
˼֮гһЩԵ֮⣬֮綦ʢȨӰκεȨֻڷЩŮĹѡ
ÿһ˵ľЩǸӲĲѧǿ
ӲĶˣŷؼĺȻ۲ӵǣϹιƽµʥʹ
ҶȴҲҵһĴܡ
׼ʥ֮׷ԴȴǴǧݻģ
׼ȻѾ棬ǧ⾳ȴǳױѰ֮С
Щɱǧ֮еıиɱ¾еΪû㹻ĵ뷨ʿսʧˣǿǰеԵֻصԸȵͨĵȴĽײ֮УӰټѧ˵ʽȴǳ׵ı
ЩͨȻߣȴûܹ֣ûܹ翵˼֮Ѱҵ;
ͨҶˣûʲôܹȵιƽ¡
ԴţСȴѵá
˵ҽչǰ۾ȴԴӶ
ܶʿˣµĴ޶ãǶЩѣĿСȴ֮͡
ɽʿ緲ʿʸߵĸԴڴˡ
Ҷȫһ᱾ĩΪǺܶʿɽ֮еʿˡ
Ҷ˿Լʱ龰ЩˣԼܹĹٳһĻҲܹѰҵǧټˡ
кҲлԼڹٳִȾĻ˵Ҳһӣһ޵ˡ
ŷҲкôᶨܹ޾һеѼգһôͽͻڱ֮ʧеķ
ֻԼһǿڵģԶǲƭԼ
ϹŻԪʥ˴µʥ֮
޽֮м洦ɼʥ˼ȴǷëһϡУɴ˿ɼֻ˼õҲ
ҶѾˣ֮еĵλҲĺܿˣѾͲҪԸ֧ȥˡ
ǳһֻɵǷصƻĵһˡ
ƻĵҶ쾳ʱתе֮ед¡¸ΧΣΧɢСһ飬ڵƻĵۼʵϵȴѾѷɫܺˡ
Ҷ䵽֮ƽԭϣδɢɢһصʬѪлвɢ˼ӵս͵Ѫеս
֤ҵľӣոƬյ֮УһĶս
ĵؽĳǽָֺҪҲ޽ʮָߴ
Ĺ㹻ҵ˿ڷȥսˡ
ƻı֮ж˸ߴΡĳǳغҪפʿױȫװȵڲҲѾ˽˷ĳǳؽʹ͢Ҳ߻ʼҵϣԳ˵ʢ
Ҷ۹⿴ۼƻڵľĻģѾǾѷɫڵ񾩳ˡ


321 ƻ
Ҷ漴ͳƻĹȥˡжһĻΧֱӴӹȵཨ棬ܿóˡ
Ҷ˽ֵ棬ֻټһľʦ֮ˮƳİߺ֮ڶ
ЩȥƻĹΪûľˣټ˹ԴȲȣѾ׷ѳȣ̾Լĵƣÿ໥ݡ
Ҷｨҵʱ޲ָһĵλúɽЩѾָ˹ĵλãǡǡþͽĵ쳹׵ķָ˰գ뿪ŵ顣
γȣкħ⻼ڲҲҶµӰټҵ֪ʶĻҲЩհ뿪ŵĹ֮ѿţɵطչţѾֳ˲õļˡ
ֻҶռԸȴѾԺˡ
֮еѾԴ̬֮ϧȴǰԵһЩֻվܹð
̾Ϣһ֮Ҷ漴Ȼ֮أӰԵһЩϢҲʺϰɡ
Ҷ֮еĻʳ֮ת˼Ȧ֮ңңԶĺ֮УԼɼⱵʱسû漴ҡҡͷ̾Ϣһ
ƻĵˣϾûȫ󺣡
ȶѾƵƶȣǱ˴֮ȴ⣬Χĺ֮ȴħʹʼնԽ׳ذ벽˲ûзչǿĺսҺеħ˼ƿ漴ҲͲ鷳ˡ
ǺħǿȴӹɵģкԾϰ׽塣
ҶҲΪûʩչ񼣣Ѿ׵Щ֮ս֮С
սǴٽĻķչ
ˮţҶվںף뺣ɳ֮еİʯΧ߻߮š
ҶӶѽ˺еָһĵͨϸĺʯֱӦԼϢ
ܹƻĹ֮ʮʱЩ֮һҶںҵġ
Ǳ÷ģټԸļǿƾҲ٣ΪûЩ̰ڻǱаͽ̳ˡ
Ҷ⼸ʮ֮УƻĹܹڽˡΪû񼣵ĳյʧȥͽױ֮ˡ
ԴҲܸ
ֻһ뺣û³ֻǱ洬˺С
㱾һѰʯǿмɣʮءȻѾˣôţҲûκεôˣ˰ˣ鳾ڣҶΣ̾Ϣһ̧ḧʯĵ
淢ʲе졣
Լֺγһʯأ׾˼Ϥ·ɺ쳾ʥʹ䱯ϵĴĥҲһżᶨƥĵģն̤·Ϊ֮һ֮֮ϵ۷ĵλ
վֻһˣܹΪһ顣Ҷеϸ̾Ұˡ
Ҷ̧ḧʵؼӲĵḧ֮ϢأͻһϸϸɫķĩȻ羡ɢ˻ˡ
ǾʵؿĵҲոһ긴һĴݲС
ҶеĳӺ׻˫̤ںһһ
Ҷڻǳ̾һתƿ֮УƻϿ߮Ħ
ƻںϼڿҪһ߾߾أȥܹٲڳ׶ʯƿ˸
滹˼侫ɵ׼ɽãбĺۼ书ͷѾƻ֮г׵ķչˡ
֮͢п϶רŹĻʼʦרŸָѶȵߺͱ
һͷ񾳼ôʮͬʱ׼еĻΪٸߣҲᵱ
ǲǻ۵ģħȴֻܹϱѡ
񻪹ϿУȻ˸¸µЦһҵعη֮ԼһСŮĿˡ
ں棬ʮֽýʦɫ£һžսϵڽֵԾ֮£绢Գһ㳯ǹ׷˹ȥ
ҶϸЩɱ֮еʿǣǸֽýѾʦ߰صΪڼٱ֮Ҳһ֧֧ǿѩ׼ͷ֡
ʩչṦ½رϣȴʵʵͨɵ书ֻʽѾ޸Ĺˡ
ˣͨɵĻ书ȥҲûʲôʵɻѧΪֻĶҪǲزסģΪʲôҪ޸ĵˣ
Ҷ֮вɵһת˲Զͷ¸¹Цϡ
ͷѾ׳СΪʵѾһصΪˣЩʦȻǶ֣ͷԵҪ͵ؽһ⡣Զڱֻš
Ȼָ̧һͷһ˶ݼĳۿˣŵؿΧĻŤŤشӿͨһ˺С
ͷץһȹСΪɰҶĵһ֮£ɫɷ׵СѾС
Ҷ΢΢һЦǰһ֮£ɢʶ֮еĸ
˧尡СգգĵĴ۾аص㲻˧书Ҳ
Ҷһ漴ЦСҪۼ䣬ҲӦõˣˣ㻹ǽҸɡ
̧Сشӿз
лл磬лл磡Сؽ˼磬ҶɵʧЦ˼Եü䳩
ʱ˿̣ȺʦŸϵҶǰС
ոЩߺͺߵЩħֵʱȴҶЩߵʽȻˣЩߵĺɣתķʽȴͨɵĻȭ
ڳǼǰķˣʱ׷Χȥסڵظлš
ոǿǷǳģͷʵ׻жԼʦδܹȵϵģھȻǰӾ֮͸ɱˣɴ˿ɼӵʵ֮ǿ
Դڴ֮оһֱŹʿĹ£ǰӿ϶Ǵ˵иǿʿ


322 
ЩǶšҶǰҲҴһڡ
ǸСȴûʲôر˼ֻǵظоǰ硱УȻǵһȴǼĺͰף§ĲӸĽиͣҶЦ
ҪǵҪѯһҶǣС֣ص
߶ʱ¶˿ɫ
Ϊ׵ǰһصλʦʵʦڼʦȵɹϢһ
ҲǼ·;ѣ޷ҶЦЦһ˦
̧һץ֮£һĻ㴹һ⼸ʮ߶ʱһӹ˸ţڿշ
Щ߾ֵļ޷ƣվס֮£ʱŵô
ֻ߷졣мʦ۾һ֮ǰδйľУ̾ͳ嵭еĿ־塣
ԼߵٶӹһߴΡĳǳ֮ҶѾĹ֮Уһ·ϵӿʮ֡ŴվȫװʿϢ
ҶˣһƣϢ֮еһƧĵطˡ
ǰɽۻ룬Ρ룬ɽ쳣ߴƷһңһ̽Ĵ֣ڡ
֦á
Ҷվھ޴ʯ֮£̧ͷ֣̽΢΢ס
ǡȥͨһɡҶ֮С漴⼸ľĵӻ˻ֵ
ʮδߴؿҶһۣ漴û˵æȥͨˡ
Ҷ˱ڱССﳶԼڽֵعţԼ˵аĻ
Ƭ֮ڴµĽŲˣһ׳ɽĺӷһس˳
ùŮû°ɣԼѮ֮߳󣬻ŻŵرסŮŮȻϲ
ûأǸҡСﾾŵĴӿЦ
˵˭ŮϲˣҶҪصĳлһ
ҡҶֶתؿѮľ׳󺺣΢΢۾ˡ
׳ĺתͷ׼лˣһЦҶɫʱͱˣһ
Ȼ·˪ʴòѾմ䣬Ҷ׾ٵؾϳǰѮ󺺡
ԭӪĵӡ
ԭ쾳ĸֻ֣ΪΪƿһֱûоű︺أû뵽Ȼ񻪹֮УԼţ
ޱҶ񽥽õһͨһ˹ȵף鲻鵨ӵڨڨģˡ
ҪȾܣЩŵҶٵĴԣһ뵽ҶѾ񾳾صָ߲ʵͨûиҶ
ѳ죬ģѾ˼ֲϣɵסµʴҶ˵ͷ
ͽʦֻҪûͻ죬Ǿסľ棬𻵵Ҳ죬ͨĸ죬ϵҲ죬ͻ֮ǲܹӻ˥ϣҲ˲١
ҶĴҶѾӽѮˣòϿͬʮģ
ڻʥ֮󣬲òϣҲһֱᱣʢ۷ľ磬ֻڵʱڵѪŻ᳹׻ɢ
һεĳĬ֮ڣӻǵͷǰ̤һֿЦŻԶݼʦ֡
ԱߵΧصһȺ֮Ȼ󲿷ֶͽͽˣһԼҵʦȻ˵ĹȻƺΪʦ֣ͳͳôľһ㣬ֱؿӡ
˶ƽôǵģ£ͳͳ£ŻԶʱſʼƿڴ
ΧǶû˵ϡﻩͳͳһأһڴҲҴˡ
ֻһ˲£ǾǱҶȻǸСգһĵĴ۾һŻԶֿ˿ԱɫµҶΧʦ֡
磬ΪʲôҵµôС˱ָͷаؿҶ
ҶϵľУЦǺǣΪǷ˸һǮûء
СɻصŶõǮ㣬ǲǾͲô˰
Ҷ̲סʧЦһһͷҲûж˵ʲôˡ
ŻԶæԱʹ˸ɫԱ߳һֵؿҶһֱۣСˡ
ˡɡҶ˵ָ̧ͷ۾ͷϵƷͷĵǺɣ֮ľҲ˲ٰ
ʦ֡ʵǹˡŻԶ̧ͷһۣڨڨص
Цļȿ޻ѿ
ţ㲻׼ҽȥ𣿡ҶɨΧһȦ֮漴ֿʵ
ҺͿʦ룡ʦ룡ŻԶû˵æҶ˽ȥ
粽߽֮кҶǰȻˡ̨ͤ¥󣬷ܶɽϪӪһƬȻгˡ
Ĺ㳡֮Уվĵǣڶȭת֮䷨Ͻ
ֻõȭ֮ͨؼĹؼɱʽȴѾ޸ĵĿȫˡ
ЩڼҵĹȻûб䣬ʽ൱ˣȴҪõȥˡҶڹ㳡תһȦ漴תͷ
Ҷڹ㳡ת˼Ȧֲ֮õĴ֮ˣϸһΧİ衣
ŻԶķԸ֮£֮мûκˡ
̧ĵǰǶʯʨӣص⵱ףҪȵţĸоҪðɡ
ŻԶɫûѪɫͨһ˵ϣͷϴδε亹˳űǶ˳
ˣôҲһɵʦˣҪ¹ˡҶޱػ˻֣ʲô㻹˵ɡ
ʦ֣һǹ˵ɡŻԶһ亹Լһ˾ǷŹ棬ϧҲֻʦ֣ҵļһ̧֣ʦҡ㡭
һĨ֮ɫ
ҶһֱĬãŻԶôعڵϣصȴС
޵֮·һܼѵ·;֮еļѿǺģܹ·ѡ·δزǼ£˵һϾ̫ˣȲ޵ӻҶƽص㿪ĵҲ׷ˣҲѡĸ֮·Ҳգͨɵ书㲻ܹٴȥˣܹŹ㣬ʦֵδػŹ㡣
Ҷ֮ѾǷǳˣҪӴ˲׼ʩչͨɵ书ȥڱ˷ֵĻֻ˭ҲȲˣϾͨɵ书һʵ˭޷Ĩɱʵ


323 
񾳵ĵӿӵмȨȨģغס
һѰ񾳵ӾԽأ
첽ھ磬ĹؼҪľԺͶգȻһպĲȫ棬ԣŻһֱôͣκ;֮Уܹǰа벽ˡ
ǡǡŻԶŵزһ亹ûҽҶĻ
ʽ޸ĵҲңʽѷţеĻҪ֪֮ͨеĻȭƼ򵥣ȴǾȱʵŴģ֮ĻʯΪѾԽ֮еЩȱôɷȮֻỵ¶ѡ
Ҷһ
ŻԶͷϺˮ£ǣǣӲѧǳȷû͡
Ҷָһţּ֮ɢ˳ػ۳һ򣬵ݸԴĵڣûȥ¼һȫȥɣ¹ػȭع˼ʲôŻ֮ǲĻʮ֮󣬴žܿЩʲôˡ
ŻԶʱ־ϲæֽ˹
вҶѧҲͬ޵֮⣬иŸġȿǵĸɵ鼮ԼʺʿõĸָĵҩиŸֶΣֶΡ
ڵõ컯ʥؼ֮Ҷ֮²Ⱥ漴ΪؽһЩΣձĶɾˣݻ˸Ϊѭ򽥽Ƶȭ֮
ȾԣֵֻεϷܹеĲ졣
ŻԶиǶҶǧлڲסظж¡
ʱ򣬲˺ܶפڵӪӣأҶȻʵǲǶܵˣ
ŻԶɫ΢΢һϣԥ˰죬漴ʦֵĻʦֵܣҲֱƻпԼĵΪƻ˴˾ս˲ٵĵӣԼ涼ЩΡ
ö˵ˣԶвͬѾˣôɡҶ˰Σ̧һָ
ŻԶеȻǵĹâѳʮ
ЩͶȥɣмסˣʵҲڰԼҲǣҪԼΪͨɵӵݡҶɫɫصµĵӵУܹͻʥʥģɽ񽣵ȥͨɣǲԸɵģҲعݵǿֻǸһĿꡣ
ŻԶۿʪˣ˵ͷףȫˣʦֵĴ£
ӯعڵϣҶߵ˼ͷиõİҲ׵ķˡ
һ֮ǰҶѾˡ
ԶӴԺĸɣΪ֮ҶԶԶش˹
ŻԶ򣬳Ĭã֣صŰݵڵأҶĤһ¡
ɵɱϾɵɣ쳣ɭϣŻԶǱѡɵģѣʼնܹͻƿ˵ʥˣҲûͻƣ֮Уմ³ǱŵطգǱ֮һһ񣬳Ϊһӡ
ʦʮδͻ죬ʮδͻڣʮδͻʥʥʮδͻߣΪʼ˥ܣ޷ͻƾߣնܹټȥֻ˳ˡ
Ϊ磬ҲֻһɹĹ̶ѣκĽʮ֮ڷֻ꣬Ҫڹ䣬ٹ֮񾳣
µľ磬Ҳᳬ꣬ͻ֮תΪ֮˵ͻΪ꣡ĵڶܹˣֻв龳ܹ֮Ϊ˰꣡쾳֮Ƕһǧ꣡񵤾֮ǧ˰꣬Ҷ㲽۷ΪӦھǧϡ
ȻֻѰ޵ʿѣʲôܹŵرͿͻˡ
ͨɱϾһɵɣ֮еǲܹȥģ֮ͨжһרϸ񻮷ֺõĵ򣬹ӦЩѾûκüֵŵҾԼѧ֮󣬲ſɽǨߣΪһͷβƽա
ͨɵȻȽ˵ЩҲǷʳĻн檣ŮȺǶЩϵĵӶԣȴʮʹġ
һŻӢ۶ԣʹ֮ء
Щ㲻ӢۣǱĲŻû֮أֻͨһɳԵͬҲǷǳʹġ
ŻԶҶȫܹ⡣
ҶƻĹԸϾ飬ҶǲûйڻԵظе˸ˡ
κ鶼˫ԵģΪ𲽾֮£̣Ǹܹᵽ˹ԸһҪԣ޵һҪԵҪԴԸԴ֮Уǡǡȴεġ
ΪһʿȻ˵飬ͬҲҪ͸ʾ񼣸Щˣ֮䶼һϵĻͻټ
һͽ֮Сͽ֮ȴǼġ
һʿ˵ȫܲģڽдǲ
Ϊһ͸ԼͽõķǴһԴԶ˵Լܹױ鲼ڰյճ֮С֮ʱʱ̵̿չ񼣺ѹȴǡǡεȵģҲΪġ
Ʃ˵ٵ֮ĵŵʼʥ˾Ϊ˽̽ͳһ֣ͳһ˶⣬Ȼִ˵ǿϢʹ˵Ӵ˲
˽̽ι£Сң鲼˵֮еÿһ˽̽ŻɾͻԪʥˣ˵𣬴ڶµȴʼ
ʱ˵ȴ־˵
˵ʢ˶ǿߣŷֺͿٵɵ
޽֮еɵʮڵԴ˼֮е˵
ǻ߾硣
ҶȻѾ塢īӰټҵ֪ʶȥôµӽЩķѵĹڲϵս֮У䷢󣬶Ѿ˶Ĺʵˡ
ȻҶ֪֮ԼûʸȥһȻЩ֪ʶȥҲ͵˽еǴжõһ׮󹦵¡


324 ŭԳ
Ҷƻ֮ջ쳤̾
ԼʹҲգûʲô˵ģԼҲ͸ЩʲôˣԼվֻһͨʿܵ顣
ӪٵӾε˲ٵ书ͷҲ𲽷չ
㽫Ļ˻ǷһЩһЩˡ
ҪӦսҲҪӦս˴֮ݣ־Ļ֮£֪߽ᱻ׵̭ӵдǻۡ󹦵¡ӱʱͻһһ˲Ŵбĳ׳ΪͨɵĽܳŵĵӡ
Ҷ漴֮ͨڲȨṹ
ƽ֮⣬ͨʮܹаλеĳϣаʵȨɵ̷ϣǴ˼֮зģλԭ̫ϳ״ĵӶѣҴ˼೤ѾǴȨգƽΪģѾһţ𽥵شЩ˼ĳоȡȨ
ִɵĻϾЩ˼ľӢˡ
ҶĿУϵƽ̸һֹУȴʼնûȡŸһλãǾѣһֱĸһعػ
һĶԴѹҶеʹҲ֮һ㱡ĸҡ
ĸǲô׵ȴԼĵӵģͨɵƽ磬Ҷԣֻ
ҲǼǳ֮еһ¡
Ҷ˼֮䣬Ѿɹ˴󺣣Զڣֵصһߴɽ塣
ѾִպС
պеĲλôרͣ෨λãϾÿɶпռװûܹıֱҲҪǧ֮òܹʹá
ҶƮƮشӿΧһƬĿȴȻõӵܵĹ緶ɷǵĽһֲͬѰȣڳеʿǶΪ֮۲ѡ
Ůʿǡ
Ҷٵ˵Ĳֵ̯֮תһȦһ̯λһ̯λؿ˹ȥ
һЩȽϺıƬҶҲͣϸĦҲϺõıܹһЩƬϻһЩϹŷҲá
źҶȫջ
˼޵֮⣬ȷûʲôԵıҲûʲôջǺתͳͨɷȥˡ
ΧʿֻҪϵͨɵ˿УټԱǵĶĿ⣬û˵̯̾ӵرܿҶ۹⡣
Ҷпʼˡ
Ȼ˺Ƥëȴʵʵذĵˡ
ҲݣȺǿᵽ˼ˣҶаһ䣬㻹òˣ
ѾһɵʦһͷβĶåƦˣҶһŭ֮Ҫķ׹룬һˣҲֱ˺Ƥˡ
ΪǵĴڣеС̯ǶԸ߶ͨɵ⣬ҲǷǳε顣
ֻɳ׵ǿܹ׽ˡ
ǿǿ󰡡
Ҷ߶˼䣬һתȥ
Լ´λ׼һͷķȻĻǻ᲻Ǹ顣
Լ´λһݣԼѾ۷ΪˣһݣҲᱻ˳û١
ϾƵˣܵУҪ䳹״壬ҲǷǳҪһ档
ʵ̫Եˣ޵֮еʿǶĿõġ
ֵĿĶҶҲֻܼϧس̾һ޾źصԼȥˡ
ͨѾˣҶ̧ͷɽϵ֣̽΢΢۾
ǰȻֻ֮һп޵СϺףڣȴѾɳΪ۰һ۷壡
գڣ˼пǧ
ԳϡѦ֣ƨصѾûлͻƾѣ
Ҷȴϣͻ۷ӣҶǰȻҲֻ϶ѡ
ԳѦֻ߹
ʹ࣬ĺˮĿ֣ĳ裬Դɡ
һֺܸӵĸ飬ҶҲ˵ΪʲôΨһָģǾǹС
ڡҶͷϵӣصûˣܹסҵĽŲˣ
ʦֻˡվƷӿҶĬȻǰ첻Ҳûǰţֻǹ
ҶֻǼص˵ͷֶĬؼڴȥˣһ·ֻбк˭ûдк
·̨ʱ
Ҷ漴˲ԳȥȴǸһɫ԰ףɥӡ
ԼĪʮ£ѾʥΪˡԱ߲Գɴһ˿Ц⡣
ڷеĲԳϺȻоһɺƴķԼϮεΣɵزȻŭ
ԳϣȥĶҶʵ
ԳǿѹŭƽػشΪϣȨŵ¡
Ϊе洫ӣȨʣҶһصһصĸҪ飬һʥδܹ˶æǰװ
Լ£ֲʣԳϲȻŭ
ЩѾٵҵĵĵִ£Ҷ̧һָʥӣôֲҹˣ
ʥȴ¶ϲɫˣԶԣѾҶʦĵִˣ
㣡ҶǲǴĸϷȥԳаŭɫص
Աߵ̷ϼִ˹ϡҶԳϱϾеĳϣѡȨͲҪˣɵġ
̷ǵһصľͷҲƽһϵˣһ򶼿֮еһЩžɶֲķʵڵ΢ЩҲֻܹĬȻ̾Ϣѡ
ͷУʥҲǲ̫ġ
ƽ̵ĵλ֮һЩϾªë͸ó޳ģڽڱЩ϶̫ϳǣȴһֱûг׿ʼ
Ѿ̫Ĳˣһôأֻһ񾳵洫Ӷѡ
ˡҶ˵ͷתͷԲԳϵصȻԳϵҪǾԳһвУ
ԳϵɫٿȻˣҶӿ
ҶЦһʥɵ飬һ񾳵ҲӦ̫Ѱɣ
ͺһһŵӣ̷ϸץסİѱȴԲݺһ񾳵ĵӣһ񾳸߽׵ĵӡ
һ񾳵ӣҿûôļӶá
ҶֺãЦڸѡҪôҸȥ£Ҫôӱ٣ԼѡΣ
Գɫ࣬쳣𺣬ݺݵؿҶ
һ񾳾ŲĵӸԼȥ£ԳϵƤôǰװװԼҽȥˣ
˵Ҷܹݺһѡ
ݺһ񾳾ŲӵǲСģ˵Ҷ񾳾صĵӣǳ񾳵ĵӣֻҲûеȥݺ


325 칬
Գ֮Уһǵүүģûбôһ䳰ȷس
ôԵˣ㲻ǣר۸ЩŵӣҶдŨŨĳ
ԳƤǺˣŭȵҶĸϷȥԲԣ㻹ʲôس
ƥҲ䣿Ҷһۣص
Գϵɫһһ죬һ仰Ҳ˵
ƥ㲻˻ѹˣʲôôҶһŲԳϻصȫ޹µƥҲ䣿ɵЩ֮˭˲֪ͨɵ涼ƥˣ
ԳϼŭɶɫٿȻ࣬ͷ
Ҷδ񾳵ʱ򣬾Ѿ޿κΣͷˣڣҶѾ񾳾أ߳ĲľҪɫСˡ
ɹ涨洫ӵоԵȨ֮еĳҲԲܹ
οҶѾ񾳾صΪΪеľٮٮߣ֮еľӢԳζҪڶһëˡ
Ҷÿһ仰ͬ⵶һݺݵشͷ棬ޱȣȴҲֻгš
òװѲԳһʹ֮󣬿ѾȫɫҶдǳ죬ֶ˹صԳϣΪͨɵĳϣȴҪȥĳţΪƲúڶٵӣҾͲˣٷĻҲ
ҶȻתһɳѹصѹͷˣԳɫһ䣬ʱתͷȥˡ
Աߵ̷ִλϻ˹ɫȻûп˸ողԳϰһĻһ㡣
ϼһҲǴ˼֮зģҶƽҲǳУƽ
Ǹʥɫ԰ףҶ£ŻЦŹڵصˣݼʦ֡
ȥĵŰɡҶصҪ²ԳƥˣպٱǾΪжɡ
Ǹҧҧһ仰Ҳ˵ֻתĵȥˡ
̷ִϡҶǰһֵ
˶ˣҶΪǴ˼ģ̷ҲһֱҶΪԼˡ
ҶԴŭı飬λһʱѾĿģɵҡͷ̾һ
Ҷɫֵصλϣֻһ䣬Ժܹܲأ
λɫͬʱࡣ
̷ϳĬãڻ̾Ϣ飬̫ˣҶѾ۷壬ֻһ֮ңǵΪˣαЩˣ
ɵӰȴǺܶӵģıȫߣıһ򣬲ıߣıһʱҶħս֮ΪʲôɵķѣԭΪһ֣ԳĿŵԼɵӵѪȥֺ죡Ӱʵ̫ˣŵĵӲ洫Ӷߣ֮һʧȥ˹Щ֮⣬ǵƾʵϾܹѹġ
ܹһ㣬Һοִεص֮з򣬲ԳûΥ򡣡
ΪȴѾʮֶӵӰˣҶв⻼ڻҪӵģӦôӵײ㿪ʼӦøӪһгķΧǣŪõɢʲôֲͨ˵ġ
̷ϵҶܹΪ˴㣬Щϼһﶼǳο֮кܶ鲻ǰչ͵ܹߵģЩĳ϶ܹԼ֮е㣬ǰͻƵɡ
ҶλϵĿ˼ΣֻһʱижͻһЩλϣǲԳԺƵֶӣλϾܽЩӰŵҵĹںˣ˿޼ɵƻɣȴȥԳ޴ҲΪС붯̫ϳɣ
ţԺôɡλϻһۣص˵ͷ
ҶһҲɹĿӣ֮ì֮ܡ
ûʲô飬Ӿиˡ
ҶڷصԼĵ֮кǸոձִµĵѾڵȺˡ
Ҷˣæ¹лʦֵľ֮
洫ӹ֮еִ֮ʹ֮еĳϾͲܹ׶ˣֻˣΪڳϼ׷һλ洫ŮӣԳҪҲþλŮӵܹͬеͨ
ʵԳȻ̫ϳϳҲԸ׵ĵһ洫ӵˡ
Щ洫һĺɱ飬ҪԸҲ׾ٵѡ
ҶһԲ߽˹ڣڨڨظ˹
ȶƴ棬ɫƽľĥû۷ľ磬ҪȻĻͷҲ̬
һϣ漴Цʦֽѵǣֻһսսıһ㣬˵£ʵ᲻ÿһĵжѡ
̬Ҷ̧Ƥַ̧һºɽԺҹаɣʱʱͱҶһ£͸ˡ
ʦ֣ûʲô飬Ӿиˡ¶ϲɫæͷӦˡ
ȥɡ
Ҷӣ漴Ȼվڴ֮˼
⼸£ҶʼϤĴĹˡ
ڵͨΪΪԼһ練Ƶ顣
Ҷĵ֮й־Ų㣬еĵһĹ֮ռ滭ӰټҵʥͼԼÿλʥ͵ĵʣһ㣬ڵڶϸӰټĵ伮ԣԼĸȰĴЩһʮֵǶϡ
˵Ĳָ֮Ϊ
ָ֮е֮йһſ˶ǳΪľˮ϶硣
֮һÿһԼһ޶ʣ
ҶվԼĵĵ֮Уϸŵ硣
հۡܶһеķǻۣȥơ塢
ҶһᣬһдĻ磬һ⾳Ƴ಻ڵζ
ؿһ֣̺⾳࣬׽⾳С
ʵϵһ־Ѿܹͻļޣɾ񾳡
˵߲ľ磬ָһЩʲôأҶǽڣ૵ص
ͬʱȴǺȻһ𵴵Ĳ
¡
Ҷüͷһ壬סԼָͷ˼Ƭ̣漴ͶʿЦ˰ˣܹؾѾ񾳵Ϊˣÿ˶Լ·Ҫߣֺαѿӷƨٶһ١


326 ȡ
Ҷҡҡͷջٹͷתͳȥˡ
ĸ쵰ڹҵĹҶüͷߵ˵⡣
ĵƲϣʱ˿̣ȴվһɫۣԴݵӣݵؿҶĵϷ
ĵĶɽϣһһƹ⣬ƹз£һһףһһתţƹ֮оžŰʮһڱ֡
кڰƲ֮иоžŰʮһڱߵ֮ưڿˣĵɽƶʵʵƾǧҲȥ֡
ϴѦԼĴЩ˱֮еĵӣҶаŭ˴˴һ֮漴ԼĵϿղ˵ߵ󣬾ʮǿߣֻҪҲ׵Ĵȥ
¡
һɰҵײɽĥϣɺڰγɵĽ⣬һһҵתɱ֮£Ȼˣļõ쾡£ӿ񱩵طָˡ
ţ֮ȴִһӴ֮һӾͽȵȥöˡ
з֮ٴһֻ֣ݺݵץĥ̵ƹ⡣
ڰƹʱ˿ȴȻС˲ݻһټĻԪ򣬽ذ
꣡ԣץס˵ƹ֮з˴̶Ħˣֱֻиһһģ漴ֱڰнһɵˡ
ڰĥ״Ľĥһ㣬ͬ糵һ㲻ͣصطתţΧӿһһŵиȻ˿
ǿǿɽڣᣬմ󽭡
֮ںҶͨϵһЩµ˼ļɣȻǱȽ֮γɵͨģʵȴˡ
֮Ե̺ͨһ̶ǲζԶ
ҶʥΪʱͨѾáοڵͨ۷徳Ϊеĸһ֮£в󷨺ͷҲ͸ͨҲؾտ
̫ˣһһվʯɵġÿһ֮Գ磬סκҪ⽣󣬶ᱻи֮˸ɸɾˡ
ӽ֮вͨˣվֻһѡ
һɽĽ󡣡ȥ֮¶һӰˣǱˣҶͷ
ҾͲը㣡ݵһĨɫ
͵̧һָжʱ쳣谵һһ޴׵зɳ쳹صķ֮ݺݵغ˽
洫ĺЩը졣
ͬĥһ㻺תݣΧкѹ˸ɾ
ĵɽ嶥ϣһ޴Ĺ𣬹̺֮Ӵļš
תۼ仯ֺȻ̧һȭžһʮ۶ɵѾһ֮¾˿
ֻƽ̯ˣָһĨ֮£ԭܲգ̾ͱһƬա
˻ȥˡ
ɫױˣΪԼ֮еٮٮߣۻƴҶָող񾳾صĵӸĶ֡ȴû뵽ҶƷ棬ȻѾԶԶʤ
ýܹܵˣ
һ֮еƽ̺ͳϸСвɵؾһɶʺ޽ӵϢˡ
ôܣô쵰ȻֵزҾȻôǧɫһʱ֮ͱüѿ
һ֮£Ȼ֮гķ󷨣ӿĵ֮ҵغ˹ȥ
ӿȵŤ״תۼͻһ˶Ƭ˶壬һ֮£Ťתۼֻһֻ֣ճҵĻ˹
ĵ֮дҶһߣûôһ֮ͽ£ҪѰԶЩ
Ҷڿϳôãı£һһ𣬳Ҷҵץ˹
Ȼɾط࣬ʵϣҲֻһЩС͵ͨѣ󣬸˵Ҷ޵ǧͨˡ
ֻˢˢĻһ
¡
ȫҲķͼɢ˿̾ͳұףôһӾɳ˼ʮ⣬¡һ˶ɽ֮С
𵴵Ĳһֱ͸ڣʱ۵³һѪɫ߳ŭس֮зƱɫһطչһֻͷű۵ľ޴ħǰͳĵ͵ץ˹ȥ
ҶһҲչֳԼķˣҶԺһ𣬱Ͼⲻ̨˶Ҫսپ־顣
飡ֻͬʱٴҵغݺݽһ£һıˣ𵴵ΧɽϴһĻݡ
ΧЩɽ涼𵴵ʯľıش˿ˡ
һһĹⲨɢΧɽ˸š
ĵ֮ȪһһˣҶȶ棬ȽȽǰӡ
뵱ԼȨĿŵݺԼõıͷ⣬֮£ҪٶԼ֣ȴҪܵɹƲˡ
ûУҶ̧Ƥ˹ص
ԳϡôҲʦҶǰɫôǲ̫ˣ
񣿺ٺ٣ʦͽݺ˵ֶεһµġҶȻʧЦˣ񾳵ĵӣһ֣춯ص㣬ȴĹûУһԼԶŲôܹϣɾ͵
һ仰ν̱˼㣬ʹʱһŭ˵ʲô
Ĺ˵ȡ裬Ҳ˵Ҷֻ嵭ذһۣмһƵس˹ȥˡ
㡭ĿѣҶһ仰̵ֱûȴǲҺҶӲӲȻҲͨأҲֻʮͨѣҶ˰ʮһͨʮŶǧĶͨȲá
ʦͽڵֿνѾǳˣûԸʦͽڵҶֱôһ仰ݺݴ


327 ɸƻ
ҶйӰĻ̼ķζըˡ
ʦͽڵĿһľҪͻƵΪѡ
֮ͨȻ߽ףжɱ̫֮أʧ֮ƫģȱݺҲΪЩɱ֮ʹɱ˲٣ȴһλӵбѩǵ츳ڵŮӣܹ˫ޣ˸գɻϵɱ֮ճɾΪ
컹ŵ˫޵ͨջ˩¿ԴϵĺܲһˣŭȴֲòϧԴƶƻ֮ȴһֱǳʧܵģûһεĳɹⲻɵЩѻˡ
Ҫˡ
֮дƽϵˣķ
ڶһ㻥ŭӵҶ̲ײ
ҶҵлҪ˵صҲعȥɣΪ洫Ӧǣ
Ҷҡҡͷת˻ɽ󣬳ƽ̵λ÷˹ȥ
;֮У˵ҿзһѾǳͷβŰ赽˼ĵӡ
Ҷ޳˰ʮһͨټɺľӵľʹѾԽ˾ǧ֮࣬ڵҲֻһ֮ңѣ츳ʵʮֵĽ
ѦڼоЩͷģһҲ˵Щα顣
Ҷ񾳾֮ڵѦΪѾ֮еһЦ
λƽļλƽҲЦһĴѹҶʱѦֿǲģڡ
ѦͷҲصؾˣҶû۽ǿһֻ̧ۣŻ̤ס
ʱѦֵĴԲѵԳԼļһ棬ѾʵʵԼĽ¼̤š
Ҷ˦˴󲽣̤˴֮Уɸ߸վڱϣ̬쳣ϵƽ̣впǧ
̶̼겻ʱ䣬ԼƴŬУƽ˺ƽ֮ľλá
Ӱݼƽ̡Ҷ
ɡ΢΢һ̧֣ӣһЦ֪ӵŵһߣɹĲ񾳣ҲѾƽ˵Ϊˣǲװ
˶٣̾ϢҲ˵һ洫ˡ
ҶֻǺЦЦƽ̵ѯȴû
Ҷ;ɹǺιϵƽ̺Ȼʵ˵ɹõĵЩǣ壿
ƽ鶼֪ˣҶʧɫʵ
Цܹӵùҵ㣬ңҺ;ɹõҲйһ֮Ե֪
ʲôǣġҶ˷ۣɹõӣҵĵ¡
ƽ̶ʱЦˡ
ãããµĵӡ縧ƴЦͨɴڼˡ
ھɸ飬ΨԵߵ֮Ҷ㲻õʲô絭ȻЦһǣҶҲӦΪ֮ȡһЩ
̲֮һ⡣
˵ͻƾ磿ҶȻ۾ʵ
˵ôƽƽ޲ʵ
ҶЦһؿݺԼһЦ٣һԵǡ
ףƽͬƲ磬Ǳ̫ϳţͰɱǧĴԳϸѺ̨ȥ׻𵶸ݲˡ
̾Ϣһ㲻Ļ䣬Ҳ˵һʧˡ
ʱ˿Ѿױ¶ԼĸȱˣѧʶܹٶһĻҲͲᱻǬô׺ϵˡ
ַУ˵ԭûСҶ쳣ɭ˾ͻ˵Ҳǰ;˵ˣʦͽЩΪֺ죬˶飿ɱҲΪƽͲٶ˵˰ɣ׼ţʧȥЩӵԩָ˭ȥƽϢ
Ҷ
ƽֻεҡҡͷˣҲȥˣʱҲᣬ֮е̫ϳ̫ҲŹһĻӦ֪޵֮һʵΪ𡣡
֮ҲǺˣҲַ鿪ġ
µȷǲܹҶزκһݺļһҪͳһЦǳ˵λƽҪǱԳôĽˣҲӦġ
;ѹͨģҪҶͷϣҶͬ⣬ԳϾ˵죬ԴҲԸġ
Ҫô˵һֱϣŵͷأϧǾͨɰװʵġûκεĺôҲֻǺݺݵζѣȵõ˺ô޷ԼڴѾõĿꡣ
ҶĬһ£漴ݵƽ̣Դ洫֮ѡһЩǱĵҪҪƽҳϡ
⵹Ǹ⡣ƽɫһĨο֮ɫ
ƽ̺⣬һҶ֪һ֪ȫ
ҶȻرؼʱ̻ǺºάƽȨģȻˣЩͺðˡ
˵ʵڻԴҶƽ̶ʵûйָͽ̵ҶܹϣѾʮʮˡ
漴ͷܺã㻹ǿΪҿǵģͺܺãҪ֪ɾһ洫ӵȷǷǳ֮ѵġ
⼸仰˼ѾǺȷˣòԳϺǱΪʦͽˡ
ЩЩ£˵ĳ̶ֳѾͽˣ֮һֱװƣϣܹɾ͵ΪǵΪҲʵ̫˺ˡ
Ϊֺܹ죬ϧݺԼŵڵͽȻջʵںܴ󣬵˲ܡ
ƽ̻ߵǰļ򣬵صҽһܵشҹͨһ¾ѣڵļ洫븮С


328 칦
Ĺ֮С
ͲԳضڹ֮С
ԳһɫЩѿ
ʦҸոյõʦšĿеϣڵʦҪõɸҪҶͻˡ
¶ϲɲ֮Գɫ䣬ڵҲҶͨѣ׼һӽȥء
ҶȻ;ѹϵһ㣿ɫҧгݵصСֲеٶô죡
Ҷ;ѵĹϵܲһ㡣ԳصСӿ϶ỵǵ£ʦ飬¾ЩѰ˰ɣ
ɸʱźѣҵѾˣðաһݵصʦһöż컯ѾͻһΪˣֻҪٺ˫һҾܹ׳ɽ֮ţһζҪɹ
ûϵʦ˴ѾΪ˵õɸһѪ׼Ϊף밵ɸ֮СڵʱʦͻὫһöʮͶӰҵһ֮ͨͶ
˵һĨݣ漴ҧʦʦͨͨʱⲶ׽壬ҲܹҲѰ죡
ģԳϵһ˫鲻ԽؿʵȻҲͻƾ磿
һļֵ뿴أڵ˵ˣЩ֮飬ƽˣͻ˵ֻƽҲݲˣˣǲԵ죡
˵һȭϣʯԲ̻촷ۡ

ҶصԼĵ֮УڵĵǶһöҩͷصԼ֮пʼϢ
ոĿûã⴫˶
ҶϳҲԶȻһտɫĹⲨһׯ
Ӵ˹
ԱߵֻҲ̤һ˶ޱȵĻӯƥط˹
ϳʦ㣬Ҷתͷ΢΢۾Զĳ޳ģҡͷЦһô԰ڣ
ֻΪѾ񾳵ص龳µⷽƵĻݡȻ裬Ҷ֪ĻϵҺҲ˷Ԫľ磬ڻϵķҪͻƾȴһҲѣľϵͨѾصԪѾ
Ҷϴηʱ˶Сɽ֮ͨ˶ûм档
뵱ֻҶܴѹ£ʼձźͬͬ˵꣬Ҷɵ֮ǶҲչˣ͸Ĵʥˮ鵤ڰ˳ɹͻ񾳣ʹö˶һֱǸм
ιҶԻֵض˲豭Цص
ţʲôҪԻҶеĵ漴Цʵ
㿴˾֪ˡصһЦ
漴һ֮£жʱһ˶ޱȵվʯ
һ쾧ʯҶɫ̾ͱˣḧһⷽʯɫȣзӡĶ
쾧ʯЦǰȥһ˹֮أû뵽Ȼҵôһñ
Ҷ۾֮ͫһ߳⣬Ͷ档
Ө쾧ʯӲʯȴӡһεĶ
Ҷ̧ߵһ£淢쾧ʵ֮ӲԿʯҪӲٱ
͸쾧ϸعתݵľԼԼһ¾ķתݡ
ƾֻ˵ΪԿĶҶȴܹظӦˣƺһ̥ƺʱضܹһ㡣
Ҷɫصصܹ쾧סģƾݷͿжĶԲһ㡣
˶֪֮ĶܹܵģҶѾؾ磬ܹõˡＫش˴֣Ц˵ٺ٣ѾĲΪˣûһܹԼϵı֪Ҷ㡭
ֻҲһεؿ
ԭҶЦЦ漴ȡһһ̵߳ɫľޣ沼˹µĵ񻨺ľ֣ݸľޣɲҪСƣҴнģһϹľƶɣ¹ĻܹɱɵӦòѡ
˹ʱϲ
ֻǻϵͨҶ͸һħҲһƷıףǼƷıǶһЩܿܳΪ
Ҷ漴ִȡʮĴʥˮ˶Ϊá
Ʒϲ̵ض飬һջʵ̫ˣҶĳҲ̫ˣ
Ҷ΢΢һȻָһ֮£һŵķסһ쾧
һ쾧Ǳ˿ӡģ쾧ʯһ㣬ʱշ籩֮еһЩ̬쾧Ƭ𲽻۶ɵġ
Ҷķһ˲伸ȫѹȥˣ龧ʯ֮ȴû˿Ķ
Ҷ΢漴ڵķԴԴϵС
أ龧ʯ֮һö̥·ܵ˴̼һ㣬ؿʼһ޼᲻ݵľʯˣһ˿
һĥ̴СɫͷٿȻУϲ
ͷһ͸һۻƥĺƴƣһչѹ
ãҶͷһ֮£Χ֮оȻѺۣæ̧һָ
ĵߵ󱻷һһת
޸ƶʱѹסˡ
칦񸫣
һ
һһͶӰڸţһһֵӰڸ֮н֣޴嫵֮ԼԼ˱ҵ
ԼԼسһĿ󺺣֮һ㡣
ռ䣡Ҷæ̧һȦ֮£ɫ״߷һط˳һȦȦ״ͷһ
꣡꣡һɹѵĿռ䲨Ƴҵ˽ȥ̾ͽͷ渽쳣Ӳѹסˡ
ڤٻͣҳһͬѹ
Ҷ
ͬʱ˳Żס񸫡
ͷ״Ҫйп񱩵ʱҶ̧һָߵ󷢶֮£һֻڰ״ƿնһһҫķ
Ҷĵߵ֮Уÿһڽǿȱ渽ĥ̵ͨһ֮£ܹ֮һ㡣
гһ𵤶һɫɽһӡͬʱݺݵѹ˹
ͷϺȻһش󺺣׶͵ط޴һն
һն˺ڰ׾棬ҶȻһڰ֮оȻѺۣ


329 
ٻ͡ڤͬʱ˳ȥڿвͣطš
ֻеߵתݣʹն棬նڼ͵޻һ㣬
ľҶһͷϵľ񽫺Ȼ˳ָһ֮̽£ؿסͷƾͷҿľزסˡ
ߵγɵǺڰת֮£ȴǴݲȵػеĹݺݷӡס֮Ҷ漴Ĩɱͷ̺ʶ
ҶһͷһӰطһ˲䱩ǵ˼ޣʮֻͬʱץס޸
ط֮ߣԱԼ
Ҷһͨʩչ˿תָһ쳤ݺݵס˸
֮⣬Ҷͨһס֮ˮһ㣬Ѹپͷ֮ˡ
񸫺Ȼһ£·ڿˣ׳ĸȴ˸һߣ˵ˣȻҶͨңӦ
ôܣٶִͨ۶ɵĴͶӰܹһͨҲǸֿĴ󺺶ʱҲסˣ֮Լоȴо쳣Ŀֻţؿŭˡ
ط֮ߣԱƿأ
ط֮ߣԱת
Ҷϲæһ֮£һֻɫѾݺݵס˸
ͨ覵ҶһɫѸͷ⡣
ͷǸֿ󺺵󽥽ģһ䲻ĵʱĨɱˡ
ӡҶָһ֮£һһ׵Ĺֶʱס˸ͷϵӰ
ͷȫĲѹסˣȻô֮С
ⲢһһϴͨͶӰ
ֻҪͶӰĲϱҪϳˣ˱ʮֵľϸͶӰۻķҲΪʱ䣬Լʶ
Ĵ̺ٶֵǧҪҾֻͨͨҵĵҪƷɳȥˡҶϸͶӰϼص֮ͨ󣬲ʵʵصһҪľԼ
Ȼôͨۼһٶǧƾͨͨȫڸһ֮ϣɱѰǵĲ˶пܻᱻһͷ
ֻͨͨҲղˡ
Ҷ̧һãͶӰˮһ㣬ȻϢڡ
ͷϵطٴչһŵɫĹⲨ˸طıʮед׳һۣѾס޴۵սս״ķ߸ݣϸϸ£ЩԼȻγһĴһ㡣
ͨҲȱ֮ǾǺķѷ̫࣬Ҷڵķླˮ׼ҪӶһξͻľеķ
Ҫܽ磬ôҶҪһزܹǿת
⴫˽Ųһ߽˹
ʲôôҶ˷࣬ʵ
ӹҶʦֵĻƽһˡ
ƽǵȲˡҶһվ

ɸ֮УһˮīµľɹöУ̨վҶ
Ŀཻ
ɹóĬãڵҺƽյйһ֮ԵƽΪ˻ԡ
ôĸ˼Σ
ɹޱҶ˵ȻƤһ̧оâ䣬ҿƽô
ĸҲֻǵصΪƽ̵ʵȫ൱ġҶ渶̸صƽڸҲڲͼãҲðսĳУֻҪѡ
滯ɹ۲һ漴Цˣ㵹ǺΪƽ̴㡣
ĸʵ󻯵Ϊ㡣Ҷ侲صڴģͨɣ졣
ɹɫһݣ漴ڵŶΪʲôأ
ҶЦһ˺ͱ˲һΪ˵ԵԵڶ֮ǰ𰵻ɸھļʧȻԼȰһ֣Ȼܹݲ֡
ȣƽ̵ǺȫԵȵģлɱƽҪƾеɸԿƾ棬ƽǾῴ춯ֵõ׳ǵʵǵ棬ԱҪʱƽ̻ǿԶеϵĸ
ƽ̴˴ҲǰװðɸҶڵƷĵһڽĴʥˮ֮еʮλ洫С
˵꣬ҶӻȡƷĵһ۵Ĵʥˮ
ԾɹõҲΪֱʶо𾪣Ҷҡҡͷƽ̵ֱʿɲС
Ҷɫصĸظо޵֮еʿһľˣһĶİǣν׶׳̫ں˵̫ͻ׸һѶţ˵ͻ˿ʼյĻƽ̱Щ̫ϳҲý
˼Ƭ̣漴ЦҡҡͷЩЩ̫ˡ
ǰĸӵӦþˡҶҲЦ
ȻˣҾˡɹõͷ
Ҷ¶һ˿ɬƽƽ̣ҵʦ
֮ӳ㣬Ӿ縹ģӳȮӾˣӳ棬Ӿܳ𣡡ҶɫصƽȻҶйգѾ㹻رˣĸͬѾӣҶȻҪΪȫﻮ
ãܺáص˵ͷ


330 ʦͽ˫
֮ͨеʮ洫Ѿѡ˳밵ɸ֮С
ƽر׼ƷĵһڴʥˮҶ͵˾ɸ֮ˡ
ֲļ۸̴̫ͨϳĿ⡣û˱Ҷ˽Щ̫ϳֱ˲ռ˵ĶӱԣĵľǻТѹԼֲļ۸Ȼʵɹòô򽻵ҲֱӾܹǵռ˵
ѡȨһֱ֮УҪǳ׽һ洫ӣеĻȨᣡ
ʮȶλãΧһһֵⲻͣ˸ţγһĿռ䡣
ǵͷһִĹֱͨ޾֮С
ɸеĹ㳡֮УһɴµŮȻ裬һɹۻҺһˢ£㳡ûˡˮС
һһŶⲻͣʮӵϡ
ʮ洫Ӷͨ洫ӵеٮٮߣƽҲάɵ棬ΪҲߵġ
ƽȻӼЩ洫ƽΪһеһжûӹƽ̵ķۣرȻ⣬ʮӾȡͻƾ磬ԳʵԼҵʵ
ƳӤط࣡
һͷĽ𵤺ȻһϸСѺ·ɢ˿ķٴĽ沪Ȼ˳һϸСĺתۼûȫڷ֮м˹һʴѸٸɱȥͬˮľ
Ǿɸ֮еʵ̫ˣ洫ϱ𰾸˵ľתۼͱԣɽԣˣ֮䣬ǵļѾñ⻬
ͷһʢĹɣȽȽڳһ޴Ӱķ±ӿ
ת֮ʹзɳһ޴ķˣĺȻ֮Ȼŷ
طһ֮ɸ֮ӿ峺ˮˮȡһ롣
Ա߷ϵһӣҲȶͷһƬԲεĽ֮ݵʮСµͼΧĵһ㵭ľ˳ʱķתݣصΪͷϵʮϵͨƽɵͶӰȻġ
ҪģǽЩͨ˽𵤡
˴һУʮ˸ӵУʮ߸ɽת˷࣬ҲѾؽ˽𵤣渽ĸͨ
طҲҶ־ӢӵרˣҪǣЩĹ֮Уƽ̿رӳʮͨͶӰʹڳɾͷླ֮󣬵зһּĵزˣڴ䣬ҲͻƵ
Ҫǣͻؾ֮˾ǧ֮࣬˵иӳԣʱԼΪͻƿɾ͵Ļᡣ
űѡ洫һУԳϺʦͽåȴȻתˣǺȻøӵعɵӵİΣ
ΣʦͽΪԼŵӳͷͱɵĵ˳ͻһϽŵر
һмεķ֮͸ŵӲٵķºɽ
ֻҶʱɫЩΣЩƤǸǹĨǵ˲ٵҶߴ˵û
ҶԴޱ飬쳣׾ӵݼǰֱͺСƻûʲô
˵˵ȥǱΪʦͽˣΪȡɸеѡ
֮ͨС
ƽޱضڴУŵµʦͽ˫Ϸ
ΪͶҲɵظеһŻĺᷳ
ƽ̣ҲΪ밡Գһѱһؿߵ츳ڣֲ֪˶ٵŵرе־أмʮѵƽô
ҲͶ״ع˵ϣ״ƹĵʹ۾֮ȴһĨ֮⡣
ƽһĨԥɫˡ
޵ߵӰķܶ࣬طĸ֣һ֮ת֮ͻѪɢȫ羡ƻ
طླ֮֮ʱ򣬶˥֢״
˭޷ܹӵģֻһְ취ǾתԼķ
ڵɫѾвݳ֣սף˥
˼ǧ꣬ȴҪ׷ԼͶ̥ת٣һʿ˵ζ޷ܵġ
Գ̼һѻĵصƽϣֻҪܹӦɸУҿԱ֤һնһйϵӴԺ󣬾ͻȫάŵ棡
ⲻܹԾģ㵱ɸô׽ȥ𣿡ĬƬ̣ЩͷˣɹƢŹϿҪҶعϵҿǻƷŵرŴӾɹȡһֻͻƵµҪͻƵ磬֪ŵرжôҿͷûʲôԣĵˣͻƲˡ
ôԳϲҧҧڳһҹļƣҲ׼ϣôƽܷͽɸУԸļһ͸ƽ̣ʱɸУɹһ⣬ϵñе洫ӡ
ҵǿԿһ¡һת漴˹ص
ԳϺһۣ඼˶ԷеһĨϲ֮ɫ
ԳϲЩԥڵƽ̣ҶǱߡ
ģҲû֪ͨ絯˵ָҴڸһͨСɽ֮бչء


331 彣ʥ
һտɫӰͬëӿһƮԶԶͶԶѸһ㡣
УһӰ׷ӰѾ֮һ㣬˿
Ѧһ·ƷţͷһܵŭΧ˳۵Ķһͨը
ҶһǿմŲƸŲߺҲʵãһ˼Уټϼ֮гԴֵ֧ԮƾɾĶ̶ʱѾɾ˵쾳Ϊ
Ҷ쵰֮󣬾ȻѾΪ񾳾صķླ˰ʮһͨ嫾޴󣬼ܹɽ
ڵҶۻƴ󣬼һָͷܹ׻ˡ
мȵĲģҪȥλ˰æ
Ǹ˳ְٵĵҩھһ·ͻ񾳣صľ硣
һƬռŵɽȣΧݲֻǱ绯֧ʯͷ
Ѧһһ֮漴гһӭһ֮£Ѿȼˡ
ѦҲǽôûʲôͲҪҡ
кȻһĮһӰٿȻǰ
ˣĸߴһɫĴ멣ϴʵߡ
ѦĬƬ̣صǸˣҵķȷʵʧˡ
ʲô˵ҶȻܿһ˰಻ס
ǰҶѾˣѾ񾳾أɾ˷ࡣѦϥأ¶һ˿εĿЦˡ
˲֪ðģԴԼʶ͸Լô
ҪȻĻѦҲͻأһ˲ٵƷһļϵӵԾţһپͳʥĹˡ
ôļҲԼļ尡ԼֻܹάԼļ壬Сͷ
ҶȴǽеϺ̤˽¡
ͨ˱Ĺ۲죬ȫںĶ֮У쳣ı䡣
Ѿˡ۵صԻ㣬°ɡ
ѦҧгݵصǷôҶôأڲĶ֣϶ұġ
۳Ĭ˰Σ漴ڵҶʱҪȥˣڼȻѾ񾳾صΪǾͲܹˣѾ˷ҪƵķ¾Ѱˡ
ǷѦһĨݶ֮ɫ
죡ֹ̧˵ȥɣһҪٿһ¡
Ѧɫվתˡ
ҶЦһ̤˳סˡ׷ֻ֮Ҫ渽һܹ׷ٵ˵Ӱ
ԭڱ󵷹Ҷ΢΢Цһ
ɫһ£͵תȵ˭ҶȻҶ
Ϊ㻹ܵ𣿡Ҷ˵һЦ˵ѦСͻƵô죬û뵽ôһλƴֵڳ
Ӻ˰벽Ȼ̧һһĳ߾޽С
Ŷ⻹һˣȻǽҶ۾̧һһӰȻ֮˿
һںɫĸֱޡ
سХһеĳ߾޽һչۼ˽ϣ״Ľβи˹
֮дˡˡƿˣѩ׷ɵĽתۼ۶һ޴ĽХųҶ˹
Ҷָᵯһ֮£Ȼɫ»״䵶и·𶼱и֧˿
ȥҶ̧һָ֮£䵶һ֮£ͽĽ˿
ΪѾعһΪˣר޽Ѿܹˡ캮ˡڿһ趯ݵİһ㡣
ƣҶ漴ָһ֮£һɫĹȻΧ𵴵Ĳƣǰ棬𱬵ˣͷʱһͨ嵱رǧѱм
ʹһ͵³һںѪ
ҶǰԾһ
һƷ֮ҵ֮£ӵȫ飬ҽһ˵ˡ
ҶһƵʮֵĹŹ֣ڴ֮˳㽫Ҳ˼ʹطϵ˴룬ȴܹеġ
ҿֻǱϵ˴룬ȫϵ˵ĻֻҲֻеķݶˡ
Ӷû˵ͳһҶıһ֮£лɵӰ
ܣ
û׼ܣҶĹǽڼҡ֮£չһɻƥһӿ
תۼավסˡ
¶һ˿֮ɫ
ҶҵģҧҧһĨȻӻͳһöɫ羧
Ҷһ̧һǰкȻһɫľݲƣֱ۱ж˿
ֲ֮£һ±˸ţȫƤƬƬը˿ʱҽһȫѾˡ
ҶıķҲѾ۷ľ磬һлһٽ𵴳ɷ飬û𵴳˷Ҳʹȫ¶ˡ
Ҷ˿ָһӡݺݴͷ­ˡ
˵δ˼άհлɫʰ쵵ĵȫ¶߰Ѹݡ
Ҷָһ֮£ٹϸСĴְ˳ת֮תۼͽȫ¶˸ɸɾ·ǹˡ
Ҷһĳֿһ㣬һɱûдǷʵĻʱͽ
Ҷеֻ飬΢΢Цˣ˸Ʋסɱ
ͷѾԳԭģˣȫ²Ƭͷǣ֣Ե쳣Ź֣ոҶ磬ؾʶ漴ӡķ
ǳһ֮£Բھͻ뻯һƬع̫źʱľأҶ˵һصΪҲᱻɻ֮˷ɻң
Ҷ屯߽ӣҪˡ
ҪֻصΪûɽ𵤣ɱԼ޳ɽ𵤣ҲҪҶͬھɡ
ҲѹˣѦǲ֪СӾȻأп϶ĵҩ˰ɣҶ΢΢Ц׳գ֮е񾳰˾صҵĶ֣صʲôã
ҶЦؿӣȻָ̧һ죬ݺݵĸ֮Уؽڵ龧˳


332 ͶӰ
ͨɣϡ
ҶڿƮƮһ˷嶥档
Ƭ֮ѦֺѦͬʱ˹ҶѦֵɫʱһ䡣
Ҷ㵽ʲôѦʵﲢӭ㡣
װװҶζؿӡ
ҶҲֻȡʵŵ档
ѦɫһӱɷɫŵؿҶеߣеȻɱ˷
˭Ѧֿʵ
飡Ѧתͷŭһ䣬Ѧɫʱ
Ůǰͱ䣬ȴǷˮתѦ֮ȴǶѦû˿ĺɫŪһŰѦֺòܡ
ô֪λʲô𣿡Ҷеһţص
ѦŭҺ鲻ܣ
žҶһ֣һǶصϡ
ѦҶһõ˳ȥһӾʹסˣӣŵؿҶ
ûŭ֣ҶСһ漴Ҷ׳յǣȥҵѦ֣ʲô壡Ůˣ嶼ᱻ
Ѧַ·һشһ㣬ŵؿѦ촽ңǸһ壿ҵģǰ춼ͱ©ˣ
Ѧֱ֮תϵıͷһı顣
ҡҸ֪ʲôݡ
Ѧģɫ̾ͱˣ˵Ҷмĳɼĵ׻ʮҶıģʵֹ֮ĵҲҶ˼㣬Ҷ˱ŭأȻԼʵһ޴в
ͷϽһεε亹ˡ
㹴壬ھǰֻ³϶ûʸҡҶݷ϶мһĺݻѦɫ԰ס
Ѧ˵ֻһݵŮӣ˵ţҲͨϾʶǳҶһȾ֮£ʱû˵ףɫʱҲ쳣ѿ
ѦֺùڵأסҶȵҶүǧҪǧҪǼǳе˵ҶүǼȻ㣬ҲӦôд
ҶһѦͿధѦ֣һ
Ӵ̫߳ˡҶζؿŷٶ
ҶʦܡЦдųֿ֮ɫΪϴѦݺ㣿鲻ҴΣ
ѦúϧԼĻԵɣòͻ񾳡ҶһۣҲûԱߵ
⣬վߣڵǺǣҶʦܣƽҪ㡣
ҶЦһת漴ͳ֮ͨ˹ȥǽ¶һ˿ݵɫ

֮ͨС
ʲôɸҶüͷ𣬿ƽ̵Ѿ˼ŭ⡣
ƽ̵ҶΣʦ֣Ҳ洫ӣ֪;ɹùϵǳ㵣ʲôҲףҪ㣬ĵʵǺܶģͨɵĵӡ
ǡҶǿŭ
ûʲôǵˣѾ׳Ϊ˹ףҡƽ̿ڵѾ;ˣҲѾӦˡ
Ҷ㬵صȻƽ̺ɹѾˣҲûʲô˵ˣҲֲ˵Щʲôˡ
˿ӵ̬ȣЦЦҶȻģǴо͸һͬǰȥɡ
ãһҶɫ࣬һԲתߡ
΢΢һЦȥɡ
һ·ϣͣҶģ˵еĻҶҪŻˡ
ǸҲܹóĻ֮еĲʵˡ
һ·ϵ˾ɸ֮󣬳֮⣬ɹòûж˵ʲôֻǽӹ
һ֮£ͷϵɸŶˡ
ķҶͬʱȡ˽ȥˡ
ͬʱվɸĴ֮УҶؿֻ֮кȻӰӰ´µسһƮŮȽȽ
ô
˾ɸ֮кɨһ֮󣬿֮󣬺ȻٺЦ
ҶصЦʲô
ٿȻһĨݵɫٺٹЦҶû뵽ɣ
ҪʲôҶȻŭȵ
ʲôٺ٣Ҷ㵱ɵҾͻô׾ٵİϣЦһȻſһ£һɫķ³ƽƽ棬ȴ̺һɾ޴ƥ͸߸ϵϣɸ
еʱֵģˣת
ɫķ涸Ȼһ֣һѾס飬ƾһһֵĹⲨ޷ֻˡ
ĿģΪ˵õ漴תһݵӹʦ
ɫķһڣ̴˹ɵúãıӽĴʦˣȥ֮Ҿͻͻƾ磡ɾ;ͷ
ʱ־ϲлʦ
ǺǺǡѴ֮ȻͻôһǺǺǺǣЦ֮ɢһһֵҫķ֮£ռϱҲ͸տ֮ɫˡ
ֻϵָץסŮ飬Ҳ˷ˡ
Ҷһбŭһ㷢˱𡢴̡иȵͨ˹ȥıͶӰǺεȵ
ƾҶǧ֮еκͨһⶼţ뺣һˡ
͸⣬Ҷ׵ؿǿɶЦݡ
֪ĳСӣϰĶʦмԴСҹȥЦһȻһָֻ֣һͽҶɸ֮ˡ
¡Ҷ˴ص˵ˡ
ҶʱֻŭԼûֹ鷢Ǻƽ̵ʺ;ɹõġ
ôô׻õģ֮д絭ˡ
ߣ죬ҵľɸǾôˣҲˣѵҲ洫ˡ
ɫ䣡ķҲסˡ
ͶӰץס˵ȻһЦȻһһɢƣ
ãıͶӰٿȻըһž⣬һɱŭϢ˿
쳤Хһ׼ҪʲôʱҶȴѾѸ˵ˣϿ֮ٿȻŮ˿˿Ƶ˿ߵİ׹ҫ֮Уؽ֮е⾡˹Ȼѹסˡ
ɸ棬;Ѳվɸ֮⣬иԷųһ׹⣬ԴԴϵɸ񷶥ϡ


333 ͻƣ
;ת
Χʱշ籩ĻӰͲռһ㣬ĿϾӡ
ƾɢһ⣬ֹЩޱȵİ׹漷ѹĦ
ռ֮кȻһŵĻ棬ڿлɿ쭳ɫײ˹ȥ
׳գҶ̾ǰˣһĳЦΪҲ֪ôƽ쳤ϸôһͶӰûȡ
ɫʱˡ
ΧȻһϨĹâ·ͬϢĹһ㣬ռ֮Ѿܲ⽥ؾͱѹ˹ȥ
ɸڲľⲻͣƼ⣬Ӳؽԭһˡ
ģ޴ķ淢ŭ𣬷·һճ֮Уסˡ
ʦһǵøл㣬һͻƾûᣡԴ˹
ԹŮȻ˱ɵİϷ򣡡ٴ𵴣ŭļҪѪˣζû뵽ԼѪȡƷĵòײŲһ֣Ȼ˸ˣ
ǧԹƽ̴һ̧һָ֮£ǿ֮кȻ˾ھӨĳ
һ֮̾£ǿ֮ɢ˳շ·˾ӳױһͲռһ㡣
ΧʱصʱջӰĿռͨѾ򿪡
ҵľٽ硣ɫƽصҪͻصԹûиʮȫġ
ʼɣѡתͷԾѵһ䣬һͷĬĬΧɸ֮еڡ
ƽ̺;˶ѾǵصΪˣΪѾǵأ춴磡
ıͶӰɷͬСɣչֳ͵ڽԼȫеܶر¶ڶԷǰˣֻҶ񾳵ĵӵҲˣǵһصĶõģıͶӰǵأ̫ڸ߲ˣһԽǵ
ǰȴͬصĸ֣
Ѻ˶ɸ֮ǰĬĬزڵߵΪտɫķ֮зһһ쳣ŭѹ֮£Ѿѹһеͷˣû˿أ
ǿǧ꣬Ҳµʦһ㡣תϨ΢΢ͷЦ
ͷһƬƮ֮Уƺһһֳ֣
黫֮ͽҶСʦڴ¶ģҪѪծѪ֮еǵͶӰѹУһһ⽫Χǧ˿Ƶľⳤ߾˿вͣط˷ŭ֮ˡ
һʮıͶӰܹһصľˡ
洫һǿĳ𵴵ɸ֮Ʊɫˡ
أ磡ļģȻ䣬ЦȻȡһֻھɫĴ«Լͷһ㵹֮¡
һɵɫҺ֮УǵĽ⣬ڣһɹɵӿɢ˳ƺΧתһ㡣
ŨҵϢԱߵҶŵ֮󣬶оЩѬѬȻˡ
أλ棡ͳһ磡Ƭ֮󣬾Ȼ۾üһ㾧âȻĹⲨһǰ㣬ҫż˷Ҳһԣ״ȵ
һӨ綹ĵҩڡƴɢ˿ڲͣתš
ڶѾǵصΪ˴˼ͷϵĿռ໥Ӵ֮£ȻѪɫŤѺˣ
ȻҲΪ֮ͻ˵صľ磡
ɸ֮е챾ͶӰں޽ӣӶˣһһֵŵռ֮г쳣˿˿Ƶߵâ
أǬ
ƽ̺عЦһ漴ڵ
ͷϵӰһţʱתݣȻСƮƮ֮Уתš
أȻգ
ѺʾХһָ֮תа˷
ıͶӰȫĵ̺ȫеĵУѾγһˣǽԼеĵгչ˶Էǰˣһһŵͨ϶ɸǳγ˶һ޶֮άĿռ䶯
̺ʮĵУ൱ķ֮һĵˣһʧȥˣʧ޿ɹˡ
ԣҪͶӰҪչ
Ѻƽ̶ϼ޻֮ͣƿˣôޱһչʾָ㣬̾ͽԼܵļҵ˽ȥؾôͻ˾硣
أ춴֮ɽţΪҶ
ƽ̺۾䣬Хһһ̣Ҷ·п˺ƴ䡢ᶨԽǻ֮⡣
ǻ֮֮Լеʥ͵⾳
ƽ̵ͷϵĳʱշ籩Ȼѿһӡ
֮н˺·һؽһصļ᲻ɴݵϰش˺һ㡣
ӵңˮӿһִĹˮͷ㣬ݺݵع֮С
ƽ̵ԭ޴ˮݶҵع֮£춴ҫľŽʮ
ԱߵľȴûͻƣֻĽ̾Ϣһ
Ѳǧ֮ͨѾˣ˵ھϣѾʥ͵ľ硣
Ļȴǲ㹻
ȻҲţǲͨɻ۵ĵ̷ˡƽ̹ЦһͷϺȻһˮƹ⣬ƹȻ˾ѵͷϣȻȵһը˿
ѵͷԼԼϸ緢˿ĵ绡ˣʶʱ֮Уһһãۻ־ɢȻһ˶նѨһĹӿҺ̬ӵһ㣬ԴԴϵעԼ֮С
ԭƮһһ翪ʼչ֣̺֮ע֮£Ȼˡ
ѼԼ۾Ȼϳͻؾ磡
ðΣŷӦ˹һĨм֮ɫ漴׶лˡ
ȻЦЦֵؿϴεѰɵͻƾ磬һδлء
־ɷģֻҪĵӣɽ̸Ҿˣһͻƿǣ֣صص
еѵһ仰㹻ˣЦҪȴǰ


334 
˴˾ɹͻ˾磬ȴǵõ׵Σȷ˫ĺ
˾ɹõͨɴӴǰ;
ʱ˿̣ɸ֮Уһ֮ס˵ͶӰȻһҡΣҵس
;ѿɸ֮еǵͶӰ
ܣȻͬʱ̧һָһˡ
ԣ⵽ͶӰصɵʵ̫£ܹȥԼҳǲ򣬶ǵľͻƴа
Ҫǣܹݺݵضһѡ
ͶӰڿȴǻ˵Ӱܿ׽á
ʮǰɾͻ춴ǰаԱߵľѳˡ
ĺ֮ߣԱѺȻվ̧͵һָǵ
ɸкȻһ⣬һɽɫȵɸ֮е鶼˿ǵƴıȴҲȻóٻⱻѹһȦ̱һɸǿסˡ
ͨھľͷʩչҪҶ򱶣
ĺ֮ߣԱ𣡡ٴ̧һָ
ǵͶӰȻһ𣬷һزҽУһͨ𵴵֧˿
ĺ֮
ĺ֮
ĺ֮
žѽһһͨΧĿռ価ƽˡ
ı˸˼֮󣬺Ȼ淢һʹĴ𣬱һ𵴵ķ飬˽ȥһеˡ
ɳ⣬ɢɸ֮Уʹɸֶ֮һؼǿ
ͨѾˡƽ̱һ£Ȼ̧һ֮£ͶӰĲƬ֮ˡ
öͶӰķѾʧ෨򶼻ãûȥ֮һܹͻƿ
⵹ǡѸֶ赭дصͨҵģֻҲģȴҶ
ԭƽؿԱǾִٵҶһۣ΢΢׵ͷ
˿⣬ֻ漴ȻתɸƮȻȥˡ
ʱ˿̣ƽ̲µԹڱһ˺˿
֮Թܵ˾޴ĳ׷׿ʼŤĲƼתۼͱķ˸⣬ԶһǳȻɳһֻ˶ľ֣͵ץ˹Ľ϶˲٣ƬƬķӰ顣
쳣ŭϢֺֻɵسץ˹
ǰЩˡ
Цһ̧һָ֮£Χǿ֮еʱշ籩ǣ֮£ʯؾۼҲ֮Ѹ۶һֻ֣ײ˹ȥ
飡ֻһɲǼͶײǧٸغϣ޴ķΧʯɢ˿
ƽ͵һ𣬱õɳȥǧ⣬Щûһڵˡ
ֻȻõ˿ȴɴЦ֮֮вڶ
Աߵľɹ漴ȣ̧һָ֮£һֻͬ͵ӭȥ
ֻɫֶǧغϣҲһ˿
ɹҲһֻ渽ۻĵǧɿˣȴˣΧĵ³˲Ѻۡ
ΣϾѾǲ춴ؽʮˣôҲ;ȸոյܹġ
˵ľڶѾѷɫˣҲֻܽ˶ѣҲֻܹһڶȴѾγ˵Ļ춴硣
ҪɱǸϼѣ
ƽƮ˻;γǶŵģ
ɫ䣬̧һ֮£ɸѾ֮Уתݡ
Ȼ̧һ֮£ҶѾ֮ˡ
ʱҶİΣ
Զǳ֮УȻһ޴Ӱ޴ƥΧĺǶ˿
һ縺룬̬ϵĵ˳֮Уޱؿѡ
֮Ư
̡
ãããϷˡޱԹؿһۣ͵һ֮£Χʯñɢ˿Ȼת˳ȥ
Ȼǲĵ˼㣬ȴҲûİ취ˡ
ʱƽ֪ȥѺƽ֮ټϰɸѾƽ˱˴֮Ĳ࣬˴򣬳˶֮⣬κεˡ
ɹԶ򣬵֣ȹһ¾磬ʱΪɴɸɡ
ˣ;ѡһЦôҲ÷ȥˣ˴εʦӦ໥Ӧǡ
̧һУȻƮ֮С
ѣˣҵİɸ֮лһ֮أҲӦˡ
ɸ֮⣬̧һָüкȻɳһ
ȥ֮õҰܵشй˳һ̧ͷ̾ͿƽĿ⡣
ƽԭЦ϶ʱˣޱ飬ɫ̲֮һɱ
ʧǵؿԱޱƽ̣ͨһڵء
ƽ̣ƽڵϣʹصƽ̣ڵ⼸Ϊɾķϣ
⼸ǺǣΪɳô
翴ŹڵصḧһԴޱصʧ͸ˣԭŹ棬ý׻̴֮ѳ˿ҲˣҲ֮档
һθоԼΣˣƽ̣ƽ̣ҲֻΪͻƵ֪˵жôҪƽ̣ˡһ֪񾳾أ֪ҡ
ıѾŤˣһЪ˹ķ
ȻѾƺˣǿģҲ̾Ϣˣ
кȻɳһͷˣ֮кȻһУͷһץһᡣ
ӳסˡ
һĵӰӦִĶϷ˳ģ
ȥɣȥתͶ̥ȥɣ˽˽ԵˣԻġ˻ֵ
Ե־ˣҲֻˡ
ϲĵת˼Ȧ֮һ˫۾ȴޱԹؿԱߵҶ
ڣɫӰڿһȻ߮ƽ֮ˡ
۾ʧȥɣڰȥˣͨһˤ˵ˣȻϸϸѷĩɢӰˡ


335 ׻̷
ĻȻɢ
ƽ̵֮ѾһˮɫСˣţط̺࣬ʮͨ
ƽԭûķͨģѾ˻춴иһ¥׾ٵؾͰķǾг˳ֻ֮Уķͨط࣬ǿ¼ΪڶԪ񣬻˷һЩͨ
ҶнվȻ˵زҲЩȻ漴Щ⡣
ҪңһжԼҵġḧˮСˣ̾ϢһҲûиᣬֻԶסѣΪʲôǲأܹܲͻ񾳣ʲôŵرʲôǹؼԼģǿǿѾˣʧԼĹҪᣬܹɾ͵һصҲһˡ
һƽ޲ͨɣٴαһš
֮ƽƷжĵӣڶ̶̼µʱȻͻ˺üľ磬ԭ𵤾ĲطĲΣ龳쾳ĵɹؽ˽𵤣ÿһ𵤵ӵĽ϶˺üŵͨ
ͨɵĵʵһʱ䱩
ƽȴѾɾ˵صĻ춴ǿߡ
ƽ̾Ȼ֮ͨе϶Щ಻סˣϢ֮󣬷׷״Լҵֶƽ̡
ͨɴ֮С
ɨļλƽʬλͣҾҩĳϣֻ赭дصҲλϣɹƷʮڵĴŴӦңѾǲƻ壬ǷˣΪߣΪƢŹ֣Ҳø򽻵ңЩƽ㣬Ҽ䰮ҲǵĻԵѡ
ʮڵĵҩԭڵĳ϶ʱ
λϣóĻҸǺԸⱾ֮вŶ༸λῡġƽƵطеĲ豭赭дص˵λܹ˵ɹãҲòλһ䣬ǵصĸˡŭɲô˵ġ
أ춴֣ȻǺݲ
һף⼸λ϶ʱݺݵҭסˣƽ͸ƽ̲·ڱһھܾ֮Щˬ
һƷ޼֮ǿɲƽƴ֡
ǲˬ鲻ˬҲȥڵƽ̣ڵƽѾǵصľͷˣȫֵһСϺ׿ԶԿģĸҪĻƻᱻƽ̺ɵش
ڵƽѾƽˣǰǰ㱻һӹܵϹŶǳ׼ܿ˵Ǹƽ̡
ǵΪȻƿҲûжˣȫûкƽ̶ԿıǮ
һУԱΪϲ߰ɣϴͷɥ㬵ֻȥˡ
Ʋ֮УһӰ֣ٷɳǰȥ
ڷɵƶ˾ͷʱӰͣһѶͷϵ亹
˺ȻʦԳϡ
˴ѾҪѳɣԼƿƿ޹޶˳ֺݺݵѹһ˳
ԳϲһѺˮҿܵÿ죬֪ʦӦշ˰ɣٺ٣ҿͨٷ
Գϣȥ
кȻһҶӰͻأشƲת˲ǰ
Գɫʱһ䣬õصҶϷҪȥõô
ǰûʸˣҶЦؿǿ򾲵ĲԳϡ
Գɫ΢䣬ȵҶңҿеĳϣҡ
ƽǲᴦҵġ̫ϳҲòˡҶһЦ
Գϵɫ䣬һٿȻɫѤõĻӰһѻҶ˹
ߣǧҷӡҶ̧һ֮£кȻһټġ⡱֡תš
ԳȻһϣϺȻһ˶ġ⡱֡
ȻеԼȫµýӲԼͨȻָˣ
ϲļһҿ뱲Ӷȥˣһ˻ûͻƹһҶٺٹЦţΪҪϲķô
ԳȵҶң
ҸңΪʲôңҶЦھѾˣڶȻҪȳϲϣٺٺ٣һȥɣ̨ϵ׻𵶿ڵأ
ˣܣܣҲţԳϾĿ
ţŵĻȥͼƽ̰ɣƽĵʴȣûнɱֻĽ곹׷ѣ㡭Գϣ˴νҪ̨ϣΪԼĶг׸ۣҶָһ߽ӵĲԳϳ˹ȥ
Ҷ˲Գϣһתͳ˳ȥ

ĮȻӲмؿż鼫Ȳĳϡ
ϲĶǸ飡żɣޣݺһڣĵص
ϲƽ̣ϲƽ̣ҩ̷칤ִȵȸĳǷ׷˹ڵϲ
⼸λԴƽ̵ţƽ̵ͻȻǷĵĸˡ
ƽ̼Ȼͻˣôôܹٵǵô
ǽһϣؿƽ̡
ǺǣǿһеõһĲƬŲͻͨɨżλϣϣЦЦ漴λִɣҲͿ๦ߣȥһ¸ĹһͬҵСɽ֮Уͬһɡ
лƽ̣лƽ̣λһ֮£ʱϲƽ̵л
ˣλ˽֧֣Ӧд˽ͣ⣬µĵɫĵӶҰɡɫٿȻһ漴תͷ̷ʵ̷
̷ǰһʵƽкηԸ
ҲûʲôԸ˴ͲԳ϶˱ɻͬݺңôˡƽصȻҷǲԳδҪһĴ𸴡
һĨɫ
̷ɫһ漴˹ףϽ̨ϣ׻𵶵Ĵ
ֹ׻ô򵥡ص̨棬׻𵶣еĵӶ֪ⱳɵ³
ڳ۽΢΢һ鴤ʵ̫ˣ
̷ϳɵʵ̫ϳδػӦ
ݺƽ̵Ѿȷ˵У̫ҲȨʣȥִȥɡƽĮػ˻ֵص̫ϳ𣬾Һˡ


336 ط
ʱ˿̣ƽչ¶һ֮İ
̷һĨ֮ɫת˳ȥ
ƽ̰еöƬ¶һ˿ζ֮ɫ
öƬŹӦɵĳϾͷ֪ôأ
Ҫ֪öͶӰĲƬ൱ɵķۣȫĵС
˵ûбҪģܹöƬĶϹŶǷǳôġ
ո֮ܳĲԳϻûüܣͱҶ׽ȻסԪ񣬽̷ϣݺݵذ̨棬޾׻𵶵Ŀ̡
ǰƽֻеصľ磬ҲֻòԳϴоɵẦ£ΪƽҲ޼ɵģƽ֮ϻλøӵ̫ϳϡ
̫ϳ㹻ʸƲƽ̣ƽ̼ȻѾ˵صΪֻеص̫ϳҲԲƲ
һ֮֮𣬸οˡ
ڵƽѾǵصΪˮ׼ˣԶԶʤǣ˵֮ܽǾѹѾȫ˵һˣ̫ϳ϶ܹˡ
˵ˣ˵Ծѵɸģǲܵģ۹ȴ֮ҪԶˡ
˼ܶɽ˸ȡ֮
ȣ˽ɸľȫĹܣܹɸҲûоԵİսһ޶ľһٻɱһᵼҶ£˷ȫ˾ɹá
һ͵ڲȡ˾ɹõΣõһͬİ໥Ӧ˵ӽͨҲ͸˼ֵļɵ;¡
ں;֣ͨѾȵѹסһͷ
Ǻڵʯ֮䣬Ȩ֮漴¶ˣ˾ɹһ֮ѹͶӰɾͻ춴
ʵûг֮⡣֮£ɹͻ˵صΪʵѾռ޵۷λˣҪǣԾƵ£Ѿõһʵǿ޵֮ѾĶˡ
˵һʯ񣬼ȵõһλǿѣΪʵ˼ʵĻǼصش졣
ʱ˿̣Զ֮Уʵʵһƿ챩ףüŶ
һ¼޵ҧеݡ
˴ν˷۱̽ǲ˵ˣҪǸԼǰδеĴУ˵;ɹøոͻƾ磬δܹʮУҪɱȴǲˡ
ңͬȵľлһʵȫһһڶôˣԼԳ֣Ҳֻ޵³ˡ
Ҫ컯ɳѹưɸɳؾܾҪΪɳصԼԭϽģǶԸѰʿġ
컯ɳضһεĻĵ̫ϳɽԪ
̫ˣ̫޳ˣ

嫵ǿ֮һӰٵطɻ
Գ϶̨֮Ҷû¼ȥ
ֱ漴תɻؾɸȥ̽һĸͶλ¡
ƽ⼸ڸλ̫ϳϳƤ˵ƽӵ˻춴Ϊȵѹ⼸λ̫ϳϣʹ⼸λ̫ϳϸ޷κΪݵĹϵػҪֵġ
ƽĬҶؾɸ鳹׵˵
ţҶüͷ΢΢һ壬΢΢һ¡
ԴҶ뷨ླ֮ڵͨһĿռ䷨򣬱˸٣ܹĸ֪Ҳ취
Ҷͣ˿У󿪿ʵǺηѰ
֪㣡
һտɫӰȻԶ˹дӰ
һտɫ۳ȭΣһȭ
ҶǰϤӰüͷһ壬漴չһ˿ЦˣӿӭȦ
飡飡
ȵγɵɢ˿
һտĿվԭأһ˫˫ĿҶ
Ŀཻн̺һЦˡ
ҶǰһܱʱɾĶˡ
§סļЦͣԴͻ֮󣬷ɲȺټ֮еԴ㣬ڶͻƿɾʥҵλϧҷʱû뵽ȴѾܵȥˣһܾǺüţ벻֮ӻûʤ㣡
δȻòɣƢȴѾǳת˹
˻Цһ漴ڸǿһƧ֮أƳ̸
˼ʱԭŵĵӣϽ֮еĴɾƺ죬ƽǵصĸˣƺһֱͨɵĹϵãں֮Ҳܵƽ̵ӣټ෽ĥ֮£ʮǰͻ˾磬ɾ񾳵洫ӡ
ЩĴɱ˲ٵħҲõ˲лͨɾص쾳
Ҷϸ˺һۣΪѾ˵ص쾳Ϊˣȫ쳣񣬺ȻҲǴͨ˲ٵȴʵɵذ档
Ҷ˲һɫˮעı漴ִһۣΪѾ쾳Ϊʲ˻񣬾ȻҲ˶ˡ
֪ʲôͨЦˡ
̧һ٣һҶ
Ҷ˹ķƤһͨ漴͵һԴͨ
𵭵һЦͷϺȻ˾ԪеһԪԪ񣬶Χİ˸ԪȴǴԪ
ͨȻȫʮѨܹ𲽸ʹָ࣬ٶ죬ǲûϵķţⱾԴͨȴרϵͨŴԪۻƴ󣬿Ƶһ
Դֵ֮ͨͬľű
һԴǧ֮һҶᣬɫصصǿһžͨˣã
ʲô᲻õģ͵ҳˡ֣ɫصصⲢɵͨһɱһλ֮󣬴ϻõġ
ҶɫٿȻ΢䣬壿
˵ͷڸ㣬𴫳ȥˣҪ֪Ҽƽ̿Ƕ¹ġ
飬Ҳ֪һЩҶеᣬͷǰʱ˵ǵǿʵǱݺǿմŲŲƵһĴӪ֮У˺ôӳġ


337 ̽ǿ
ֱ˸ɣչضյЩˣѾԼ˼λʦֵܣҪǿȥתתܲλ壬ҪҪһȥ
Ҷ漴ҡͷҪչУһЩƿҪƽ̰ҽ󡣡
ÿɷʼ磬㡣
һ£𡣡Ҷ漴Լȡһͼһˮ̣ݸ׽ҽģﻹм
ؽӹͼһļл˹֮ٺ۵
漴תͷԶ

İ̫֮У岼嫹
ҶȶƬռŵǿ֮УƮ첻
ոմӾɸ֮гҪڰɸ֮жһʱģȴٻ͸ֹˡ
ΪɸȻṩ㹻ʱԪУֻʺϳҪԪƿҶȱ򣬶ǻԪ
ѻĪ޴磬ǿգĿǰİɸʺȥ
ɹҲ
ھɸ֮УҶɹĿƽ̺;ͷͻƵọ̈̄߰صľͻƣɣȫԼʶ֮У֮ΪǴаġ
ǰҪͻƵС
ƽ̻Ǿɹö㹻ʵѸͻƾ磬ɾ͵ĸˡ
ҶܾˣҪٻͶһ˵ǡ
ͷ֪Ѿ˼ǧ֮ƽ̺;ɹ֮¡
ÿһͨƿԽ͸Խȹ֮ԽܶʿԼ֮Ϊʲôһֱڵ㲻ǰֻܻԭͼһʱ֮죬粻ȹ̣ܲɽӴĳֱӾ͵ı
ˣͺñȵһʦʱΪʲôܹҿˣΪȹ̣ҿֻᵱɢ
ԣҲֻ˵һ룡ȹһͨӵ֮ͻ׵ͼһʱ֮죬ɾ͵ǶôĲֵһ£

ٻ߹ֻпԼΪչģе̣ŻӵӴķչǱ˹ඥܹɾ͵̫ͨĳϢˡ
仰ҶŲɡ
ûʲôôȷе˵ûͻƵЩȫµĵܹ˵ġ
ҶϲֳĿУڵͷԣڵƿеĳ󣬲ŷϵͷء
޵ߵ޵֮·ֻһһѣֻһһѶȹȴһһѡ
һأ϶ΪһΪռΪ
˿ռʱˣռΪʱΪ
̩Ϊ
ѰҵģΪλΪ̩Ϊ춴
ģΪΪ춴
Ҷӵеķ֮˹Զǿգһ
˴ٻĲᣬĥӲһҪѰһЩϹĺǣƷףҶȥ޷ֻܾܳˡ
һƬĺγһ״ϣ£ܵǣ֮£һɹɺɢӿ֮Сܡ
ҶһѨλãƿշǿգΧʯ֮УƬܲĵطм޴ʯγɵĳѨ״סһЩܹݺ֮е޵ĳѨ
ɣɣˣ𵴵γɵĿ쭽еļСǶ˿
ԶһԼмͷ˲Ϣͷ˹ٶѸ磬⼸ͷСȴǳ״
Ҷ˫һ֮£һȵѾסͷ쳣޴ľ
־ӵϹѪͳʮ׺ӵзླʵϲʳ̫Ŀ֮һ
־ۼĵطͱضĳ֣Ҳ֮ĳ֡
⼸ͷԣԼҶֽ̹˼֮Ťͷס
Ҷ漴⼸ͷĺ׷ȥˡ
ɳ˼֮⼸ͷȻٵһ棬ҶоˮĲת漴׷ȥ
ǰһƬεɫĴ󺣡ֻʱʱξ޴ںϷƸ꣬Ķˡ
ҶƬ֮֮żмͷɵ󵨳ҪԵҶᵽϵĴ߹Ϣ֮æתˡ
̫֮ռλĴڣЩܹȵġ
Ҷ䵽ˮ֮ˮһԶˮͷĲע⡣
ͷ˶ޱȵľһ֮߮£һ㣬˺֮צһ֮¾ץ˶ƥצ˺Ѫ졣
Ա߼Ӱݺ䣬ڣͣתͱͷϣȴǸκβá
ͷ⼸ʿΪ׼ŭˣ͵طһֽУֻһĶ֮£Ŀ쭶ʱ⼸ʿҷɡ
Ҷͷٷ񣬾ޱҵһ֮£һپͽͷ˳ȥ¶˼δĵˡ
Ҷ䵽⼸ϸˮƵĵۣʵˮĵӣ
ǡˮĵӾδص˵ͷжŮУѾ˶Ԫ
˴գôܵˣҶʵ
żŵı飬ҶٸеʵЩͻˣЩεЦͻˣΪգԼעɡǾʹ˱
˶ֵҪȥҲһ̡
ˮĵӻĶһ֮󣬰ص˵ͷΪ׵ŮɤӵλҶʦˣʵǼΪһõһϹǵͼַҪȥ̽һġû뵽ﾹȻգʦ
ŮӶ˶٣ֿڵʦ֣ȻĻǾҪķƽ̴ĴѶˣȥ֮϶Ҫġ
ҶЦˣ⼸ӵҲСģ˻вҲҲãҲ׼ȥһ⣬ܹҵǣȻٲǵһˡ
ˮĵӶʱϲ


338 
⼸ˮʿ֮£Ҷһ˰ͼһ·سƬҵǺ֮зȥˣӭ޹ݣҶ֮һⶼ̧һץӡȫжȻֶԶ֮ˡ
ʿӶҪˣҶֱַǾᣬԭһͷǼڵ˰мֱһͷ˳ļҼһ㣬׾ٵס˲ӣһͶһȥˡ
Ҷϲɱ䣬ʱ֮Ҷͼ֮һŵ֮ˡ
沼ɫһɫ·һ̫Ӱ֡
ոտΧλôӭȻһɵľһ֮£һɵϮ
֮г˸ࡢȴּһɰԵƥʬʵԵƥһɽͶȥҲᱻ׵ĸʴе
ŨصϢˮĵŵ֮󣬸ɫҰײҰ׵ģſŻˣæеļ˴ı⽫Χӿڻˡ
֮еľƺòľٶ׼ŭˣһ֮£һŻɵϢ˹
еıתۼͱɰԵƥϢڻˣӿе
Ҷüͷ壬ָһ֮£ȼһŶİ棬ϵ磬ϵʬ˸ɾˡ
ʬˮĵӿԼɫıʱɥһ仰Ҳ˵ˡ
Ҷ̧һ֮£һɫҺͷϴˢڵϴ˳ҪȻĻԺΪ˼Ӱ졣
ǡʥˮƺĵ̲ס
ʲôϡġҶЦһ漴ͷҲʶ͵ΪֹɣǶȥɡ
ЩʬȻʬ̫ԵǵΪǾմȾģֻ¾ңҲֻܹΧһˡҶ˼Ƭ̣ͷˣǶȻȥɣΧҶˣҲǰһˡ
ӱΪҶһ֣ǰʱʮƷıǰʱ
ǿԴЩ֮ѡһ͵Ǹ·нˡҶ漴ΪҪһҪЩĺǣ⣬һÿ͸һƷͨΣȥǰʦ˵۸ǡ
ˮĵҲ֪ЩԵʬЩԼʵߵģҾǷȥظ˳ϣǽЩźߣôԼĵĽҲ˶ѡ
ˮһʵΪģϾǸԼĳˣԼҲýţһøжµĽţȻĻȴԼľǳϵĲþˡ
ҶȻִܹˣǻʲô˵أܹύôһǰ;Ĵ֣˵Ҳ͵ڶһǣ
ƺĵһģѡȡһƷı⣬Ҷÿ˴͸һͨ
Ҷ漴̧һãгʮͨ۶ɵͶӰÿ˶ѡһͨ
Ҷʦ֣ⷬȥ϶ҲҪķѺܶԪ֪ϴʥˮ಻ࣿ
ҶһЦ漴ȡһö˶վʯ洢Ĵʥˮ
ֺô󷽵ҶʦְҶʦ֣ʲôǲǾǣиˣӲûֳǶʱһ漴˱ͳȥˡ
Ҷǲǵİȫ⣬Ͽ϶ܹ˲ϢŲƵ
ٻͣɣӦþ˵ĵط˰ɣҶ̧һһɫڿвͣתš
ո⼸ߣҶٻ͸¶
ˣٻᵽӴ˫צ̽⣬ʱü
Ȼӵ֮쳤չ˶죬³һҶ
ԼԼһ޶Ժ֡
յĻɫ֮Ĵ֮Уһ˶ޱȵرȡ˹
ЩʮֵİԵףռƺܶħҲ϶һˡ
ʬɢȥˣ¶涫һһѵĺǣϻвٳ߮ЩȫӦĳ˼ͶĶԣǴȥһҲΪħ
Ҷ̧һָеٻſһϢ֮£֮пʼݵطɢ˿ﻺ˽ȥˡ
ѾǳϡʬĻһӴ֮£漴˿
ȻвѷɫĴͬҲȱ
ʮֵǿǿҲ˲ȱƢ꣬ΨҶǿʢв;ͻ˴һǿ󣬵ȴ޵УҲһֱûгΪǿյס
Ѫʢ壬֮ĶӵһҵƢԡħһ֮ǿĵħˣƢԼ䱩ŭԺսҲݡ
ֻе壬ܹԼеľۣȻܹ𲽴ͨԼڲ磬ӶΪͻơ
ֻǿͻƾ硣Ҫͻƾ磬˶Եе֮⣬Ѷȱͻƾʮ
ΪǿڵҲҪǿ̫һЩ
µٻǱɸϾ޴ʵʵش̼һ£ҶϽӶᵽ˲ٵıͨϣټһЩϵļò̫þܹԼλףɾľ磬ʵʵڷǳĺЩȼڸԼĴͳˡ
ҶѾʵǼܲסٻ͵ĥӲݣǺͰͼ¼һ·ܵ⴦ƧԶǿգ׼ѰһЩ̫ĺǣ׼Ϊٻһ塣
ٻȻҶ´죬Ҳֻн׵ĵѣ߽׵úԶ
ҪԭڣȻǿףǷıȴס
һȻӲˣ˵ҶɻǶǵıʮֵĴС
˵ǰҶδͻ񾳣ǵҲˣҶѾ۷ΪʵѾǶˣٻʵûɲԼһˡ
İɭ֮УĻιŹֵľï֮ܵУȺӵĳڴ֮дȥ
Щ쳣ײУݻɵʮֵײ


339 
ҶĲҲŲմصƬ˺Ҷĵϻš
֮Сˡļˡ
һȺ˽еĳϷ˹Щóͨ嶼˸Ž󣬱͸ʳϲϸϸѪƣϸĳһ㣬ݺݵسҶ˹
ֻѪغʮֵĴһ죬ܹ͸ѰĳߵļҲסħõҧƼ̶棬Ѿѷɫһɽˣ滹ʬǧĽȾʮֵ
ûЩѪغøոտҶ̾ͱҶӿ˸ţ̺֮ѵľһپͽЩóʳ˷顣
Ҷռһɹӿ뵻ƣͣزƣƬȶռ֮вϷɳĹŹֳ𱬽˿
ͬʱԱ
¸¸¡һߴǧɵľ޴Ѫը˿תۼͻһƤֵˣͷ˴ִٵͷһ˫ȣŲҶɱ˹
ͷľ˽ˣӴֲڳª˶Դϻһǵ辣ªľƽ˼Ϻģ
ѪľɣҶųĳªľˣʵ
ԶԣһϵѪٻֲ֧صǵĹصĹģСЩһﶼô졣
ͷǵĹŹľȴʮֵı壬һ˻ƵȭͷҵسҶ˹һȭҶϣֻһͷ̬ľ˱ʮ׿⣬Ȼҡһ˶Դ֮ٴų˹ٴ趯ִȭͷҶ˹ˡ
ľòƶѪȾ˱죬൱ĲСƺֻбܵʶѡûнǻҶ̧һͽ˸ȷɳȥԶľ룬˵һײһŴϡ
ͷѪƺ벻ôһ£ֻԴϸţ漴ǵҶץ˹
֪ɱʲôأҶתееľָͨȻһƴɫĹ
һŴɫĹɳȴֻ˵ϣͷ˶ʱסˣһһ㵭ɫĹⲨʼͣϲˢϴţµĴֲڵƤȻ˸°͵رѿ
תۼʵһӣ¶ɫѾþӨ
ոҶһۻľе֮еľͷݳªľڣʹοʼɱĻøʮʱ֮ͷľܹ񾳵ľˡ
Ҷôתһ֮ͷ׾ˣ֪ԼǶ֣æˡ
Ҳࡣ
ҶƬŹֵĹľ֮󣬼Զȥ
Щ֮ϡŹֵĳ̫ĺ֮ӦĳʮֵԶԸײѰʯܹؽ顣
ƫһɽȵϿ֮УŻҰɫѩ㵭׻лʱسһͷŭڿţǰϣƮݵɷ֮кһı䣬֮ϢȻʮֵŨǸŰԵϢ˸еּȴϹĹ֮˳
̫飬̫Ҳӵǿǻۡ
Զʱ̫һͥѹһͷ׵ؿ
û㹻ǻۣƾǿǿ̫Ҳӱɱˡ
̫һԤеԼߵյʱ򣬶붼ѡ֮Ĺ֮гߣǿΪ赲Ĺص͵ߣѡתǿ߽Լͷתǿƥ
ҶͷԶԶܿ˵ˣҡͷͷ湻çײġ
Ϊأ̫һ壬ΪѪʢ֮УͷԵ٣çײ֮ˡٻͿЦһټĵ£Ϊߵֹ˵Ʒϸˣ̫һԹײСĴʣ
ҶȴǺף屾ͻˣ׳壬ҲͬԼǿѪǹʢôͻᷴѹƣ޵ˡ
̫һ屾ѣټ֮еȻȱݣʹһ֮ٳ֣һֱѹģûзĻˣʶ࣬Ĵߣؾʹȫ뿪޽֮УƬʯĴ֮зܺˡ
Щϵĺ֮У˲εĺǣһ塣
νǲ˵ܹתΣŮӽϺĺᣬͷ쳣Ĵһ֮ٶҲǳĿ졣
ЩǻԷڸ֯һ򣬷չԼ塣
Щ֮Ҳвٵĸֳֹ
ٻͣһôģҶʵңһȫǿȭǲʵ
ٻصЦЦ̫һǿ֮⣬ǻһ
ʲôҶʵ
һܹȡ֮Լ壬ʹһʮֵǿ󣡡ٻ֮дޱȵĽ
ҿȡ֮Ҷһ֮ͻƼ޶ûиȥԵ飡
֮ɲģûоԳص֮Ҫ˺ѣһִݲУ
Ҷؾȣѹ˵ǿһֱ벻ͨδԼģȥԭһֱ˵ķԼ
ߵԱһؾ޴ǰϸ߷绯ǧǡ
ηǳ󣬴ִĹ沼ϸСĿ׶һ紵ЩС̾ͷصˡ
Ϊϸߵ壬Ĺ沢û̫ϸףùһ㾫ϸֲڵȻߺǰΪߣҪһǣǵѪԲʢ
Ϊߵǳֳˮģģ沼ϸС׶
ֻеҽԼ׷籩֮в̫ͣŻԵɺϵȥˡ
Ҷ־˶ޱȵͷϵǣµ۹ǣȻǽλͳһȭͷСѩӣȭͷ浴һůڵĴϢԼҫţһ֮ʱе˴ůⰻȻ


340 ٻ͵ͬ
Ҷ飬Աߵٻ˷ܵΧţҶ˹漴һſڣһڣؾͽȥˣһ
Ҷ˳һ·ô˹ȥֻҪĺ̺֮ؽҿ۹ǣе˳ٻȥ
ߣĻɵ֮УϢŨҶӶΧ׷׻
⴦طħ֮ѱˣħ˵֪ˣ϶᲻һеǰᡣ
ʬħͨѲϣֻĳѨһҵҲǺǵģߵյ̫Ĺ֮ѡ˽Լת˲飬ڶɹʽ֮󣬳Ϊħӵ˼ֲѷɫǰΪ
ôô٣һɾҪѰһͷܵҶΧЩʧص
𼱡ٻͷһɴ𣬽Χʬų˿ڵǵĹضģ϶սٵѾɢǱ׽ˣš⴦ƫƧ֮УӦûжٵĵΪĸ˰
ٻ˶צͷƤɻɨΧ
޵֮ɢǺܶģΪɢһȴǺѳһ޵֮пһضɣΪһѰɢޣܹѾǷǳѵãɾ񾳰˾ؼֱǷëǣɾ͵ɢ޸Ǻ˼㡣
ܶ޵ߣǰѸܹŵر˵һλϡҶȴΪȻ
Ϊһ޵ߣǿʹͷԳɾµǿߣʱյ֪ʶͨ޵ģƽ˼еʱˣԭǰһصţԵɺ޳ʦڵƿȴһֱͻƣʹ¿๦˼ʮأƽѧӡ֤֮漴ͲӰټҵĵ伮֮мصĴȻ֮ͨ̽ͻڵ֮أնɾʥ޽֮С
棬ҪѧʶӺĵ֮Ѱҳ¯ȥӡ֤̽С
ҶƽƺһΣ״Ԫ
Ҷͨˣһ֮κͨ۷״̬ᱻͨܳ
ɢǺ֮еЩһ㣬עصʵսЧɱǿͨ˵ѡԶֻڱԵش߮ͳɲ˴ġ
ǸʿҵسХ޴ķܣһָ˲ӰһŰŶͷɫҺ˹ȥ
ͷɫۣͭû˵͵ſ˴ڡ
Ŀгһİ˶׶·Գһһ㣬һ֮£ѾȻ˽ȥͬţ뺣һ㱻ɡ
ͷɫĳ޳岻ͣڿԿǸʿķֻſ֮¾ͽʿķ¶ǡ
ʿѾǵڶصĲ֮Ϊˣɫĳȴܹ䷨ɴ˿ɼɫĳѾǵض쾳ֵܹķ븹˺ֻеض쾳ܹ
ǽǸصʿܻһָһŽɫ¡¡غ˹
Žɫ̺֮˷ƥ֮һմȾϲᱻ˺ѣᱻ渽֮им
ΪҲôҶмؿصʿҡҡͷͨҲǶͨ治ףֻɫô㾳ġ
Ҷ漴һͷͷΪҲôȻǵ죬ôҲܹɵذ
׳գٻҶһѣ㶮ƨͷǰ϶ǵصΪ֮ȫķͨת磡˵ˣĿĹ֮УҲֻʬѣûԪҲûʱշ籩ֻЩ֮ʲôͨħͨɵģ
ҶץץԴʧЦһʱˣֻǴһԿ
֮Ĺ֮еʬȻʮֵĴȴǴӻһ㣬ֶһ¾ͿԣҪͨǲവڳ˵λ
ÿһͨؼһϣҪôˮвܹͨ
ֻдˣܹĥͨˣܹͻơ
ѧҲˣֻһճ׾ˣˣܹͨ׸ͨ
ģͷϷɷ֮ǲ㣡ʿ֮£Щˣ޷޵ַ̧˼ըйߣתһƬȥˡ
ͷɫĳһ˫İؿǸʿոƾԼĶ֮ӲķѾƺΪήңתһ֮صԼĳѨ֮ȥˡ
ǰ⾪ĶǵһĻ
߰ɣٻ͵һŤת֮£εš
Ҷٻ͵ĺ棬һ·ۿ쳡˵һ߾˶棬ɽе滹ɢһɵ㡣
ٻ;޴צӰǿһסһֵĲݣһ֮£һͨѪɫĴγˣεıȴϸϸƵѪ鲼֮С
ƣǰѪΣӦѪǲֲβݣ
滹вһЩֲƻǲ֮ģӦ֮龫ӰģܹٵƷҩ
ٻͶʱ׷һ߿𵴵Χһ¾ɢ˿
֮а׻ݣһͷƲ֮²Ųݣš
Ҷȡһֻ«ˣһգһϸݺ˻ãã֮У糤ˮ
ģСһҵĵ򣿡кȻһŭһɵ׻Ҷ˹
ţҶ۾һУ漴̧һָֻᵯһǡ
ԡһɫ׻漴ͱһָ˿ҶЦһ߷еĺ«󷨣ת֮䣬Ĺ֮меĺͬɵɷ֮ɾ޴һɨˣ¶һһѵĺˡ
Ҷüͷ塣
˱֮£˼ԻıͬʱûͷûԵس˹ȥ¡һͽıѿ
Ҫ֣Լٻ˶͵شӵ֮д˳һŰ׻
ͷɫľֳԼСС֮˸ĵ׻𣬻תˡ
ѵáܹͬ塣һͳöҶʶ֮
ǲܹ˵ģֻþϢ
һ˶ƥĻɾڿһƮƣͷϣһ˫˶ſ߮ٻ͡


341 
˿СٻͻɵİɫӰĸɵĻɫӰһ
ʼԾķʽеؽ
ҶԾ˵ԶһЩԱ߾
Ƭ֮ĸζسҶ˹һ˫ξľͫؿҶ
ҶǳǳһЦδ̷Ů
ҽԷĸĬƬ̣ʵҿô
ҵٻͻҪǿϼ֡ҶһЦΪɳŵҲܵˡ
ѾˣҲɷɡͷĸ˶һߣҶǰ
Ҷһ֮£ûιȥҲҪ飿
Ѿ֮ãĹֻ֮һѣҪȥڵ̬ȴҡԷصõĲϣǧߵʬõˣٻͿ԰ңֻҪػѡ
ãҿ㣡ٻͶʱһ쳣߿˷ܵ
ĺˡҶ˵ͷ˭˺ǡ
ٻһĭСصЩŵر
Ҷһʹҧгݵؿٻһ۵ã
ˡҶ٣Ǹٺ٣Ҫ˫޵ͶӰ
Ҷֵؿźܵٻ͵ٻͣ㵱˭ǻϣҲܹҰɣҲվӣҲԷ
ٻͲмһڵޣ㶮ƨ㲻Ҫһһ壡
û˫޵ͨǽܹõɱ䣬ҿлܹõɳɾΪ̫ԷҶһ
Ҷֻص˵ͷ
ԷȻһΣһԱߺط˰ʮһڹǰɫĳҶֳһͼ
ˣ춴ƶɵģǵ֮ľͷҲܹɱ¡ԷҲӰ룬˿ƾԸ
õģû⡣ҶЩ˹
ǰɫĽ׾޻׭״ķҶһͼ֮жʱϲôһҲֲ˽յʧˡ
ٻطһƳȻһֻʮ׻
һһɴɫ𽥽ڿγһ˶ĻУͷһͶ˻֮Уžؽζˡ
ɫĹҺ彥ڿһһ˶վʯС
Χ쳣ӿһһ˻֮С
أһͨ񣬾ƵĹڻнˡ
վʯ֮ͣУʹ޳Ĺ潥һ쳣ǿصϢ͸ĴָһĽһⶼǾצ
֮ƽҵλ֮двͬצǲ˵
Ѱ֮ã˵һصľȴʮ꣡
ڻĹ֮УػֻҶһˡ
Ϊ˱ҶԼСɢɫ쵵ĹⲨ񷶥ķɽȶֵʵʵ
䣡ҶȻһ˫һţȻһһڿһһֽȻ෴֣Ƶػš
̧һ֮£ҫäͬʱ˵֮С
֮жʱһ˶ҽݴð˳Ⱥ͵֮γ̫֮Σĥһŵתݡ
ٻԷˣȴศ
ոѾԼ˫޵ͨγɵͶӰУһĿ๦ٻͺԷ֮µܹʤƷĵһлɱ䣡
һ˷ȣҶɫȻȻķ˺ܶƷĲϣٻͺôҲǰǰĸôˣܹôһõĹޣҲǶĻر˰ɡ
кȻһ⣬һȭͷСĽһհ㣬λεҫķԲˣһƥŹ⼤һַֻɿץת֡
ߺˣҶŭ̧һָͷϵֺڰն
Բǧڵǿնʱģƥֱֻһʶ顣
ƺʱѾŮӰ˳Ϊ׵һӣ̰֮ɫ
ڲͣķ뵤жʱɿһḬ֮̃ɫ
߾Сӡǵĵ֪ҲӰĵ̣
ҶһЦʵŶôΪӦ⳥һأ
ҲҪ⳥ˣͿɣӺٺЦһĨ黫ɫ
ǼΪôߣһҶƽ޲зһߵɱֻҶٱ˵⣬û˸ңܺã쵹ƽˡ
һɿ޷ӱƸһ³ĺ˰벽ŵصҸҶôҼʦҲӰǲ֮ľͷʶġ
Ҷʱ͸оЩЦˣݰΪôߣһ
ҪϻˡԱŮ߳һַ̧ɳһƸıҶ˹
Ա߼ʿҲ׷״еķ
ͨҶЦһָյ㶯֮еĿռ䣬һҰ𵴣ڷıͬʱһָױ˿δ˥ıˮһӿһپͽ⼸˸س˸
⼸Ӷʱ𵴵Ѫ顣
ûҲԣҲаɣҶЦˣ˹صѵˮ׼ҸոѾǶ⼸ˣҪ֣ҲԣһɱǼСϺףǿɾ͡
Ůɫ΢䣬Ҷոһؿһ֧쳤һ㣬оü΢
ԱǼһĨ⣬תͷ˿ԱŮӡ
ǶȥɣԺ֮ԻкҶʣµİ仰û˵ڡ
Ůһʿһۡ
ǻǲšҶصͷɨӹǰˣ˹شӱɫںڵڸֱޣߵһ¡
ڳеɫˡ
ŮӺݺݵؿһۣ漴һݣȥˡ
ʱ˿̣ź¡¡Ļӿļؽӽβˡ
һһҶͷȻ裬аɫĹٻͣɫĹȴԷ
ǵһʱʱطһƳˡ
Ҷ̧һУԷķ²ص˶УȻԼˡ
Ҷ˷ǻ˴Ǯǿռվʯʹʥˮ˸⣬˫޵γɵͶӰغķĵС
Ҳ쳣ľ޴ԷĹ֮еĻһʯ֮ɵģӵͨټϺ棬Ҫٻ˫޲ܹӳ
ҪǣҶͶӰ˫޵ͶӰȫ֮㹻ԪĻԵ򸾽ɾͻᳬԽһĴڣ
¾ܹƥҵ̫˫
һ任֮£ӿлˡ
ٻͱ仯һͷǵӣԷ仯һµǺŮӣһһףһһ
ڰɫڿƲݣ˫޵ͨиķչǱ
ɾһǿʵ
һһƮƮҶ֮УļĿЩѣ
Ҷ⼸ŲߵŮɱԡ
Ϊ׵ŮӼ״ЩˣæеţϾͻȥ
ڣǶҹɣҶ̽һָ֣һ⼸Ůȵ
ͬʱڤڤ֮кȻһܹǿյĴ®һ㣬˰˼ŷ
ȥȻ
һˣϴԷ񶷵ǸߺȻӿ̤˳ؿҶ
һߣ̰ڳһĵЦʦʦ̫ˣСǵĵŰ裬ʦˣ
ҶһУ̾ͿˣǰǵԷִǸزϼһ
ޱȳĹЦСӣģʦֻҪСϿ϶кöĶˣ
֮䣬ѾҶԼѾָһ㡣
һ֮£ʱϲлʦ
СӣΪ㻹ܵסҲӰôҲӰһЦâһһӴѹ˷Ҷѹ˹
ط֮ߣԱָ赲ҶȻһ̧һ
һɫĹⲨɨգһһչǰߵڿкȻһϣ·ܵ˼ѹһ㣬ʼڿҶһɲǼ䣬Ѿױˡ
ɫأҶĿû̺κεķȴһ޷ݵϣѹͷ棬ʹܵһѹƣӶֱӵһĹûЧˡ


342 ڰ˫
ҲӰŭһȻһӣΧԼӰĴͷڿС
ţϲľȻ޳򣿡ҶΧһֵӰ񣬽׻ӵ
ʮҲӰֻĳζѣʮֵ£Ҫ׻Ҫһʱ䡣
޳ɲ֮ǽԪɵط࣬ΪΪศɣȻܸˣֻҪ𣬶ѵܹ
ҲӰȻܹΣҸʹȴû̡̺
Ҳ˵⣬ͻƵض쾳Ϊ
ƣҶɫıεջ裬֮λãΧ׻һӴ֮¾𵴳촷ۡ
ǿޱȵı֮ռ촷ۣҲӰӰĿռ䶼𵴳촷״
ҲӰɫٿȻ䡣
ǧŲƣҶȻӰһһ
ҲӰپҶΧõӰӡ
СϷҲϷǰŪҲӰЦһҶȻ֮Ĵ֮Ϸٺ٣ϧ񾳣Ϸȴǵͷ
䣬ҲӰ˫ȭһ֮£ͷƶʱؾۼһ
ΧѾӴԪסˡ
޼ȻУǾͳҵ֮УҶ̧һһݵĳ֮УһӶɫľݲƳҲӰ˹
Щĺߣ֮ռеĹ߾˸ɾ
˷иߣҲӰһĨ־֮ɫ
ȻΪߣǱϾģϵŽиͨγɵиƣ֮ʯҲܹи飬Ҷݻ֮У޵걻иˣҲ᳹׷飡
֮иնУĲ֮ҲҪܵش
ҲӰԿͳóǧͨҪȻĻҲڱҶ˱
ʯ֮䣬ҲӰзɳһεķڿеתݡݺݵײи档
֨֨Ʒϴ˴̶иĦƷ˲ͱи֧顣
֮жȻһ˶ޱȵͼžŰʮһڹӵĳУϼһŰΧסˡ
ʮһڳƵһɲǣ֮ǿһʱһʵ֮С
СӣΪý赲סϷ򣿡ҲӰŭˡ
Ҷ֪һ֮ǿжôĿ£һʼͶǿķѷıиŶֽ
𣡡Ҷһȣһף˽λõ֮Уţʮһڳ𵴺շ·𱻴Ťһ㣬ŤĲƿռ䡣
׻ʣ
춴֮ٿȻǧ𵴽Ĳˮ죬Ѿ֮ļһĻױһ𵴾͸˷ɻҡ
Ҷٴηһ𵴣ŵĽ𵴶ҲӰҲˣʱ˴ѣʱͱһһƬѪƣĲҽ
СϷѾǲ֮ҿȵңȴϷ򳹵׻ָϷҪȥһƬķѪ֮дʿ쳣ĲҽѾ˲֮ľ磬ҶһɢȻδȴѾǶʱԪˡ
Ҷɫף˵ٴۣʱٴδһһ֮£
¡
춴֮ٴδ˹ˣ¡¡ХǸҲӰѾٴα𵴳˵ķ顣
ҲǸող˲̫֮ãûһܹշĵĵزԲűҶһѾˣҲûá
һѪƸ˴Ϸλá
ãٻͣԷȡѪ⣡壡Ҷȵ
̧־ͽͱȷ˳ȥ
γɵľ޴ռ֮УȻѿһӣžͳ˺ڰ׶ع⻪ıͬʱ˹ȥ
Ⱥ͵봫һһһ˫֮£ͬʱвͣѪš
һһӰͬʱնŲסѪ֮󣬳ǧɵ˶ʼͣŰһĦ֮£һʱȼܵĴɫһ𣬶ʱѪɵĲҽ
ͨӵ˼µ״̬໥֮£ÿÿһŵѪ⣬žĥϻˡ
ҲӰϷ쳣ҶͷϷĻ춴׽һ쳣ĽԳĲ֮ϣ𵴵Ѫ⼸ãһһڸ˸ɾȻתϵḥ̂һһػеʶͷؼȡһֵԪˡ
飬ˡҵҲӰľ޺ӽ֮дˣҵĹ֮лжŵرͳͳ͸㣡
㻹ҪȥɣҶһָ߾ȫرҳ׵ҳ
ҲӰĲҽУеѪⶼ棬ȼշһ̡Ŀֲת˲֮ͱڰ˫ɵ֮ˡ
ٻԷɵҲӰѪ⣬سŵȫ˶ӷײͷ˶׳ƥġ
ҶҪǳɵУֻҪܹһ֣һͻƵİؾͿˡ
ڤԪӡޡ͸ǹͳͳȡ
Ҷһ֮£ոռı޺͸ǹϵһӵϣȳһ˺ҧ֮ľͷ
ҲġҿУոճɾ͵Ĳ֮ҲӰС
ڣһƬڰƹҫһѾ׷մ
ģҲûáҶЦһѶѼ䶯ݵѪ⡣
ĵҲӰ군ˣĨɱеʶ֮󣬽ʣһǿѡ
ٻͺԷ˫ͬʱʩչĥ̵ķۻƴϼɱľͷ
ŮĿɿڴؿűһڿɵ˵ҲӰɫ䣬Ϊ׵ǸӸɫҰ׵˼㡣
ôܣôܣʦǵز֮Ǻ֮еĵһˣôܻᱻˣ૵ؽе
ҶȿǸͷĿӣû˵ָһ
ӴһһټĹ⻪ӭҶһָͷһεĹ𣬳ȻƷı
ǱҶһָͷᵯ˹ȥ֮ı֨һѾȻըѳƬ״Ĳһи֮£ӵ̾ͱиʮΣҽȻˡ
ҸƴˣԱߵļŮ֪ܹưոˣ׷״ų˹
߰˼ǿĹ⻪˹ǿѷɫڸոյһ
·㲻ߣţȴͳͳҴ
ҶһЦһĻɵľ֮һ¾ͽӵĻûͱҶһиӡˣС
һʰ쵵ĹⲨһ̣⼸ŽҲ
Ҫɱңλǰҿûе㣡ҶסһӣӶʱʧ룬ĵ
ҶۿʿŲողصΪͷȻˣȥҲӰĹȥ
ǸӰͷͬСס
ٻɻʵ㻹ȥĹʲô
ɱ˷Ż֮вҵĵҶȡһŴ̷ȥһۡ
ٻ͵ʱ
Է޺޵صҲӰ쵰ǧ֪ѹڣٴΡҪػϻ쵰ĺҲŹ
Ӵ·ҶܿҲӰϳλá
ҲӰסĵطһ츣أɽˮ㣬λеһɽϣɽͷƽˣøһûʵĹ
ҶƮƮվſλõļ񾳶ʿ
վڹǰĵǰһޱȵؽߺˣҼʦҲӰ֮ľͷȵζ¿㲻
ŶҵʦҲӰ˵ôҶ˵ͷ̧һãһֻѪͷ­ڶǰڵɫ䡣
ǡʦصļɫٿȻҰס
ǲŵؿҶ֮еֻ޴ͷ­ƺȻڲͣš
ɣҽ첢ɱˡҶһΡ
ԱߵӶû˵̾;ɢˣηؿ
Ҷ߽˴֮УҶһץ˵ϵıʯ۵վʯʹƥŵر̧־һСɽһŵرС
һز֮ΪĻôҲˡ


343 ·
Ҷһץ˵ϵıʯ۵վʯʹƥŵر̧־һСɽһŵرС
һ«ǧ񵤣иܵ
ӿŵĵӿе֪ƬطΧ򣬽ǺҲӰǷǺ֮ΨһһˣÿȥĹش֮⣬ǵػӸɢ޼֮ȡ
ҲӰһؿ۱
ƹڵĵһʱɢˣеĵӵ˸ɸɾˣһûʣ¡
ҶЩ˸ɾȻһƤطߡ
ƬǺ֮ԶԶȥһֻչɵķһ㣬ѹֻǺ
УԺǾӶеǶ಻ʤһʮʮʥˡ
ĵطͻдʥˮһʶ
ֻȴΪңֻɢ޵ˣûɵɡ
ʲôԭأ
Ҷʱշ籩Ųӣ˼⡣
Χ񱩵ʱշ籩Ȼָֹоǳ֣·ϨˮȻǿҵĺ׶סһ㡣
ǺˡҶΧסʱշ籩ص
޵ʱշ籩֮кȻһĺ磬Ҷǰ·˱ѩһ㡣һɫװŮ˹
ǸԭΪʧʱշ籩ͨ󣬵ҰŪͻˡŮӵӦǴĹضɣ
ĹأҲ״Ҷ治ɫػش
Ůȴĵظ嵭صôҲӰôһأ
ȻѾ֪ˣֺαٶʣҶͣס˽ŲתòƳŮӣصߣΪʵܹԽǸҲӰô
ˡɫҲӰǵڶز֮ľǿߣСŮȴҲֻ۷ѣٿҲڡ
ǾͺãҶɵش뿪Ѳ㻹зһǺΣյġ
Ҷһ£һڵӰһ֮Ρ
ҶеıޣᵭʵҲûʲôҶִж˱⣬ҵҪҲ֣ЩǾȥֻǱĶҪ¡
ҶȻɫ䣬δǿ˰ɣ
Ҷֺαִţ̾ϢһʵҶ֣ҲӰıڣЩɢ޼ǧĹȻϳôⲻûǵķݶȷе˵ٵǵĲƲ
˵⻰ʱ򣬱ȻӰӴΧγһȦ˿ϷİΧȦҶ˶ˡ
Ҷȴ˿壬ոѾˣЩһȻҲǵ۷壬Ķǧ̶ȸΪ塣
ƾ㣿ȷԶԶҶһЦһһϢ𵴡
ҲӰֵļһɱҲɱˣѵΪ赲ҲɣҶ˹سеĸֱ
֮жȻһˮƣƾչһɿ쭣ιһס
ɫ΢΢رˣ˿˿쳣ķŭ֮ɫС
ȴ¶صɫˣҶеڵޣɢİƺܹΧеĹ߶ȥˡ

ȻƵ̾ϢһӶ
ͷҲһˮ̣ˮʣɽ֡
¡
˫Ѿ˱ѩ֮ɫƮ˶ëѩһһ˪ѩ
תۼ䣬Ѿһѩ硣
ĺأ͸գҶԼѾо˷תЩˡ
컯֮Ҷ̧һӣӿȵĿռȻ˺׵Ĺâ̾ͽΧıѩɢ˴롣
ƿҶֱޣ͵һ޻ӻ˹꿦꣡нӿףȻը֮£ռ·Ӱ㣬һƳ״Ѻˡ
һصѺγɵҵغŲ׺֮Уһˮ˾ұӿȻѺظ˿
տķѹܹҲӰ羪̾һ
Ҷڹ֮£Χѩתۼ䱻𵴳ѩ۱ĭ
֮кȻһϬ׵ĵ⣬תۼͻ˰ɵĽֱ˹

ΣͷҶʱ˿̣ڽչֳԼĶޣһ֮£ǧ֮һŲƵٿȻ֮£ѾյӰرܿһ
»һƬ¡
ŲƵͨӵ쾡¡
н֮ȫһԣܹڿ衣
˱ͬʱ֮£ӿգӻ͵ûڽ棬Ӳؽ׺˼һ
ž
޽ʣͷצϵһٿȻǧٵҫ۵ĵ绡ƾը˿նҪըѿˡ
һչֳΡһ˫Į˼׺ضҶ
Ҷʵʵسһͷİëȫ˸
ӳĿ죬ոһȡˡ
Ȼ񾳾طصΪϾǵȴֻһȫܹͻƣһ٣Ҳٲˡ
ҾǵڶصĲ֮ҲĲ֮еͨԼϣĿռ᳹׻Լˡ
ŵһڿĳϽɫĽһҡΣǧٵ绡һצ۵ϵ̵ŵ
ովڽճ͵ϮһǣȴҶɹرܿˣһЩ
˵ıԼֱǺ׼ɱûʲôˣרŶڰѰҶֵȻղһݣ
ȽµĶ˵
Ҷɣиֱ޻֮£ʹһ˳ǹ̶һ˲Ϣ׷˵
˷Ӧ죬һ̤˲ϢͺƳ˰ɿˡ
ҶȻŭ
ط֮ߣԱҽҶȻһХʹԼѹ׵ռͨ
֮кȻһϵϣռ֮еľƥԪУϮĽ𵴾Ȼ˳͵У˽ýζó
ҶȻһ֮£˲Ϣ仯һӰǸ˵ǰľ޴˱֮£˼ûͷûԵش˹ȥݺݵѹϡ
¡ոճ͵ϮĺҽжûзͱѹһȫѪѪ硣
Ҷ漴ͷһз
ٻͺԷɳѹסƷĵצʹͨѹסھצ
꣡
ҶоñЩϵĽʵ̫鷳ˣ̧һ֮£ʮһڼҲ𣬽˽󣬺ݺݵײ˹ȥ
¡˪ѩһײ֮£Ȼûбײɢȴرһ£Ҷ֮£Ӷֱ޴߶ıһǳ˹
ǧռƬͬʱѵ龵Ӱ㣬ݺݵѹյķɽ棬𵴵ķɽϴ˵ЩɽǾĥģޱȣҶıһʱȻֻѶ顣
Ҳ°ɣҶ˲Ϣ֮ߣ̧־һָ
ӡһָһ㾫ɫĹ⻪ǰ㼤ˡ
ʱʹ֮£ʹһҶһָص֮С
һ趯֮£ɴӰӷسҶǡ
иƿҶָٴһǧиҵسи˹ȥת֮ͽи˺ѵ֧顣
ʱ˿̣Ǽ۷ʿѾܵӰˡ
ҲֻǱż˵̬ȲŸģҲΪԭŻᱻ˵˵ģڿҶݿֲ˼ʵ֮ʶ˲࣬û˵ͷܡ
˾
ҶĽһת֮£ѾΧסˣ۾һЦ
ûУ̰³ҶٺЦؿűе磺ôҲ˼ǧˣôֵףҲӰԴˣȻŵϣ
Σɫ侲Ц˼ǧ꣬ҵҲѾߵնˣҸͻƿٹʱҲҪɻˣȻˣûʲôˣΪʲôܷһ
˵еҶı飬漴˵ͷ׼ʲô
ʲôҲõݺݵؿϵıҵӣʧȥЩҾ͸ûлͻƾˣˣǲѡͬھ
˵üһƬ֮
Ȼ֡ҶЦˣȸ˻ֵķϣҽͷһ޵ʱ򣬱˸һΣ
ޣĵݺһڣ
˵ǻӵһΪߵĺ̨Ҷצ׽ߵһ½棬ʮصЦЦҪǷǺ
צҶֱͨȴһצɫ룬֮𵴲ݡԵüơ
ȻһǳķˮءҶ嵭صֺõطӦһֵġ
ǺĬƬ̵ЩʿģΪ֮ʱΪħǰʳãǲҪǣǸҪһĸ򡣡
ҲӰƷá
絭صǷǺÿͻܶˡ


344 ƿ
ҶŮӾǿɫظеϵǹѾ׼ƴľ㣬ɵسá
˵ʵڻҲӰϻõЩŵرǲôںϴδλླϣŵرÿһǾƷ֮ҲӰղز֪Ҫǿ˶ٱ
Ҳûж˵ʲô漴ͰҲӰڣЩеԭ϶
ףܹ˳ͻƾ硣Ҷһ仰֮Ҳûж˵ʲô漴תͷͨɡ
ʵҲӰĹڿռǧ֮õĶ츣أ֮ͨɵĵǺѷɫټΧ֮صĴӣþɹãİɸǨҲܹ
Ҫǣǽհ׵ģ޴еĸȴѾɵʮڸռݣǳ⣬Ҳȵ
Ҷ˼ţȷص֮ͨС
ͨɵ̨棬ӵ̨֮ϣԭλĲԳȫ·˸⣬ͷ׵һ㱻棬ͷϱסеͨԪ
ͷ޵ͷ­ϣ³һɫһıӰ㣬ݺݵس˲Գϵϣÿһγ֮¶ȫðѪ̵Ľɫĵȫѽ֯ԳϷ쳣ļûûҹĲҽǲҲ̶á
ÿÿȵ˲ԳϵȫĵڣԱߵİͷ漴³һɹɫעϣתۼͽ御ȬȻм׻𵶵Ŀ̡
׵֮󣬳ǿҵĵ֮⣬ϸĸи̨ϵ¶׻𵶸Ʒǧе̡֮
ĲԳÿնҪһǧеĿ̣ĿʹȴɣƽԴµķԪȫƷζȴҲȥˡ
ԳģҶɵش˸漴صԼĵ֮С
ʱ˿̣˼ǧƽ̣ԼѾõķ
󣬵õɵĽ֮ѾͻƵصƽ̣ͽԳϵ׮һɾؾͰѲԳϳְȻͽ̨ϣϵ׻̡֮
̳֮ͨУƫƧطĵӶܹԳҹͣϢĲҺˡ
ĲԳʧȥеĺ̨֮ϣѾ˰֮õ׻𵶵Ŀ̣Ŀѻûᣬÿÿȵĵڣ̷漴ͻ˻Ȼ̣ƽ̵ļƻְӦʮĿ̣ᡣ
ݳͷֱЩеˣһºƵƽ̣չֶֶΣеΪ֮е˼㡣
˽޹޴ӹİԳϣܵӦеĳͷƽôһҪһŵӵԹޣ漴Ҳú徯һ֮ݵĳǡ
ּƷĺˣ޽Щŵܹأ
Ҷ߽ͨɵĴ֮С
ֻһ۵ĵվǰϹŲɶƵŭ
۵ĵ֮е̫ϳ֮һ죬ǵصΪɵ̫ϳ֮һ
ŭ磬ͽʲôȻҪʮ׻𵶣
ҵǴһе־ض쳤ϣ֤֤ѾڣݲҲݲ飬ٲһƲ㣡
㡭ɫʱһҪкȻһĨĹâ
ƽֻǵƳһֻۣԼ·Ԩ֮һ㣬֮д˿֨֨ļѹŤѷ죬ʱϷ·Ҳͣһ㡣
ڣ쳣ֲѹ֮£Ҳֻܹصʹͷҡ
쳤Ȼ̫ϳϣۼΪ棬ҲֻǵصΪѣƿһֱûͻƣʮҲѾٽӽսᣬŭƽֻ̣㵱ͻὫλ̫ϳҲҶ˵ʲô
أƽ̵λѾһ̫ϳ֮ϣӵоԷʩȨ
޽֮ȻҲӵоԵϵϵʵ֮ϣ޽еķ
˼֮еķһŶܹͨˡ
Ҿͺã£һĨϬľâ
λ̫ϳϰһڶֻת㬵˳ȥλԳȻΪ̫ϳϣʵȴǷϲһ˲ʵȨɣֻǹΪ̫ϳ϶ѡ
Ҷˡ
ҶӰݼƽ̡
áͷգŴɵƽ̺ͳǾͻǰ񣬴˴λҪһ¹ڶԸ֮£ʱҪúñ֡
񣿡Ҷص
翴һۣͻ˵أѵô
ˡҶ˵ͷȥ׼һ
ţѾླ۷Ϊֻһתˣ֮ϸ㲦һ¡
ĬƬ̣Ȼ̧һ£кȻ˸¸µиһѺ۳֣ѿһŻƽ漴̧̤С
Сɽ֮УŨ֮һȦ೤Ĭ
мλãһƬƴСǵм䣬ƺƻԵжѹĺۼɢһһֵ⡣
Χʮ棬ͣ̽Ĺ뷨
̷īλͷϵƹ֮ϸ˿ĵ뵡֮гۻƴ
̷۾һĳХƴƥ˷ӿķ
īλͷҲ׷쳤Х޴ʹСɽΧĿռŤĲƺۼ
۾̧һ֮£Сɽ֮ѿĿռ䱻ȹסˣոճֵѷ漴ͱϡ
Σ絭ʵ
̷ϲɫƽ̣Ȼ˵ˣƿģһˡ
īҲ¶ܵɫȻҲѾؾ硣λȴ¶ɫˡ
ֻǴ˴ϻ۵ĲҲķ˲٣ƿһ絥ƾСɽ֮еǲ㹻ġ絯˵ָƬܹؾͲˣȥ˰ɣٻһЩԪгʣļҲ٣λϣǱϾڻϻǲϡ
ɸ֮ڴ컯Դ֮üͷһ壬صЩ񾳵ΪͻƲ򣬶ΪͻƣȴǷǵҪУλϻǲҪˡ
λϲɵɫȻֻܵ˵ͷ
ƽ̵˵ָСɽ֮ѿһˣλͷϷ׷״̤˳
̷ϡīϡҩϡϡϡִϡѲ߳ϡЩƽ̵ĳŵĳϣͳͳõ˲ͶӰƬĻᣬгɾߵ̷ϡīѾ˵أλΪϵ͵ĵͷֱӰŽ˰ɸ֮УҲѾɾصĶ쾳Ϊ
ЩΪػ˼ǧĴʥˮ͸ŵر˴ȴΪͻƿһɨա
ʵҶԲģÿһλı󣬶Ӧϵ
徳񾳡׶εʮΣƺϵʵ̺ǧ˿Ƶϵ
޳˶쾳ĵ֣ͶӦͨȫʦͬڿس˴Ŀռ䣬ֻռĲȫͬѡ
ʥĸںϣӶҲǺ˵ʱ֮
˶˽ʮͷ˽ʮʵҲ㹻ǼĻŵرˡ
ͨɵʵڲ֪֮ѾʮҲѾĸɡ
೤ͻ˾֮֮ϲ£ɵƽ̺;ͷǶ׷׸ϵǰء
ҶеǣҲˡ
˴һ¹顣תƽ̵δϲƽ̣Ȼͻصɾͻ춴磬ʳڣ
ɫһӱ࣬ԼͶӰᣬԼƽҲɱѾʱȻҿ˵ϲⲻڳĴأ
һֱĹϵˮݣô˵Ҳû˸˵ʲô
ЦǺǣʵڹˣǽżȻǿյõһͶӰƬˣĻסգǻཻͨһµΣ
ʱϲЩһֱڵλˣԼЩ⽻ͨɿûа׷ѣƽ̿ǽ
Աߵɫӵüƺ̺һӿķ籩
еĽд˵϶ǽԼǿͶӰƬˣȻѾǲƬ治ȫǶ˾ǴаģҲһ㾳磬һľͷԣһݼѵõĴˡ
ôǹġ
Ҳÿڱ粵ʲôֻԽĨԽڶѣҲֻܴˡ
ǰ粻ʱ򣬾͸ﰵԣһԸưͿʵѾƽ֮е̫ϳ϶ѾβסˣôĶҲֻˡ


345 ս
ɫƽ̣ǻ̸̸Ӧɣ̸֮֮Լ˽н
˿Ϊ裬ЦԼǣĶҵĵҶǰʱ򣬵֪䶯һ
ԱҶ˹Χƽ̾ͷһ񣬵صʱڴǹĶ򡣡
񹬣˵ġԱһĳϲڵһء
ص벻ҶֶȻǹȥ˵ǹڵĶʮһСǵͷ֣񾳵ʿֻŵӶѡ
ǹûȥڲҲ̫ҵ쾳ʱǿ˵ʱ䵽˴񹬵һ˷ֵ֮һڣڵιһʱִ£ཻҼʶ塣Ҷһǵزĸ֡
ĳֿʼͷˣǺǣ󣬴ڲŵرһƫԶ֧СҲǵصΪôصʿأཻҶֶҲ̫߿Լ˰ɣ㻹Ӹλ
ǵģóֻһжѣڸΪҡҶΪóͳ֮˳ֿΧһЩƧŵõʶλá
˵صЩֻѧ֪ʶѣҪֻͷԣҪ޵е
ĳƤˡ
ǺǺǣҶֶѧʶԨѧţɵʮڵ֪ġԱߵȻŹ侮ʯĻᣬصˣҶֶ˼йй״Ԫ࣬ι࣬οһЩС£
ҶתͷһˣʱһһӪ涼ֵΪµսʿҲСıˣ䣬Ų·ӵ˴ǹ
Ϊ˲ѲŻ֮ʶΪ˸ʱ֮֮УҲͻ˾磬ɾط࣬˴񹬰˰һεĳҺո뿪йʱ򣬾ͱһסˣһ嶼ǵصʡ
ļȻ˰һεĳǴڲǺʹ񹬹ϵǳУҲ֪ˡ
ҶȻǾ˵ʹ񹬵Ĺϵǳ
ʵŶôӳģ
׷ɱҵΪߣֻһΪѡҶʱĵطһƬռ֮У޷ӳȫʵǡһӵпռ֮ĵܹʱշ籩ƴ˳
ŶȻΪΪζ±Ǯڣ
Ҷ漴һ򶼲ܴϲ˴ǰȥҲڳǰӦһҫͶѣûб˼һʼҾûҵݣҶĳֻĹӶѡ
ӵܣǴɱɱǲѣҪĴ¿죿æңָɣذ̭һ٣漴ֹЦôϲӵܵͨѣ˵ˣƺĵӣеͷҲвӦƸ򱦸ⲻǺô
һԵѲ侮ʯ˭ôƴֵġ
ɫѿ˼֡
ԱߵĲԳˡ
ǰʵڿˡҶһ
λĳϱ˵ˣҪȴַ
ƺΪɵʮλĩһ򶼱ĵ۸ңֻҪס˻;Źһ
ļλ϶¶˻ĵɫˣһǺôϲӣһҶһ㶼˵Ҳˡ
Ĭ˰ε磬˵ͷ֮˴֣ѾǸıսͼ´ǹȻǹԴԴΪȻԸǡ
ǬոɿһڵѾ˵ΣôǷӦнأǱžҪ޴ġ
ޱصôҲѾѧˡ
УԱ߼ƽͬʱ¶мɫˡ컰ﻰ˼ѾǷǳȷˣҪ»ָϹʱͳλְ֮
赭дصǵȷսͼ鲻ȷ֮ǰɵʮڣǾܹš
˵öԡҲڵɵʮѾյɵʮˣҲǵǰƴ۵壬ԱΪǲȹ۲һܹ½ۣȻԵĶ֢ҩ
ɹЦҲֻС͵Сǰһѣûдٳļţ
˵ˣҪֻҲӦ죡
ڵ䳰ȷˮƽ˵ֱӿ̱ˣҪ֪ĵǳܿˣᣬ֪ˣ᲻һѣеĵ˿ɲװ
ˮƽ̺ͷǧǰˮһλ̫ϳУɽ
˵ʲôɫ࣬кâʢ޲ýˮƽһ
ˮƽǺЦֻǱŸ첲䲻
ôӵĲֹ죡ˮƽЦˮĵɽ˽δ֪ҲύȺα޳ܵαӣ
㣡첪ȻŭһɺХѹ˳ˮƽѹ˹ȥ
꣡ˮƽµӺ͵ͬʱҵıˣһһѿ
Ļվˮƽ̲վһĶͷϱ͹˸ɰ޴ѹѹýڽں˿
֮ĿռһŤ֮Ťʹһռ侹ȻŤĿռ֮о˳
ϡȻ̧һһ͵ѹΣα˶ŭ
ߣûҿôһ٣쳤һתվ˳ȥ
񹬡طɡɡýĴŵĳҲվû˵תˡ
ϹŶǸ׳աƽ΢΢ЦһλѣҲĪ֣ʮǰһսȫǸɵȱƴŻ壬ȴƫƫһֱΪǵ塭
λƽ̺ͳ޲Ц
֣ո˵ġˮˮ졢ƺ졢պĴŵĳϿʵ
漴̧һѿһۣ¶һ˶Żˡ
λɣܹ٣ҪλЩĻǷˡ


346 Ǭƽ
嫵ǿ֮Уһⲻڷš
Ҷͣס˶ݹ⣬һۣΧǵ㷱ǣһͷ
֮ƽ漴żλƨƨߵչȥˣߵʱȴֺܲظҶɹá̽嶯򡢳ʹǹ
ƽҲƽ̵ָ֮£ҶɹؽķԼ϶Ϊһɾĵһ
ѾӦɽţԼʶֻ֣Ƿȱľ־ͻԪɽţɾ͵һء
ǿľ־ʹܹӽӽɽһ
ͷ˵֮еĵͷҶпǧ̾Ϣһ
ܹ϶Ϊһȫƽ̶Խͨ⣬ȻֽԼĵôڸ
ϵƽ̱ϾǱҶ˼ĸɷ
ƽ¿ǵˮ©ȻɵƪĽȥֻǽ֮һǿʺӳŰ˳ȥ֮ػһµͨ˼幦ȻԲĽȥĻͬӳͨ޸ַŶѡ
˼幦˼ޣγɵƷҲԶԶͬ˵ľ硣
ŹʮʺЩ޳ɾͨĵǡ
Ԫɾ񾳵ĵӣһ˵ǷƷʻǷԶԶ֮£һ֮ҪŬܳ
Ҳûа취飬ѡѾԼ·;ƽ̹
ϵľ޴۷ľ磬ܹ׵Ĩƽˡ
ҶҲǱʮ֮Ρ
ĵĵһ򶼺ܾʦ֣ΪҶʱָͻƿɨúˣһ
Ҷӷҵ˼лعˣ׼ȥ
кȻһľڷ绪񷶼סˡ
Ҷɫ΢䣬ؿڵλҪҿЦ
ǵ֣ĳҪɱ㡣дһ͵ˡ
ƽǬջӿһ˫ޱؿ
ԭƽ̣ҵʲôôҶޱʵ
ȻˡǬոնصҪƽ̺;ְ㣬ôôĿ¾꣬ҽرˣΪҪ㡣
֮ˣȫժĸɸɾﻰ˼һϺˣѺƽ׼һ㣬ְ
ҶѾȫ׹ˣȴȥʲôˣΪҪԵǶԷйߵı
֪첻Ҫû뵽쾹Ȼ޳ֵܵز޵еĵͷмȥ۸һΪĵӣΪĵʲôľͷѵһȻҪֻɱǾԴСˡ
ƾƽôҶζЦЦڻʸɣ
ǬЦСӣΪҴ˼ʣ˼ͨеô˵ˣվʶһ£ʲôǵľͷ
ⱬ嶯ҲҶֻڤڤ֮һεľԼ˹˷ѹװסˡ
ҶȻһ֮£һɫתɽͷ棬ɫ⻪ɡǵģ֮󣬵һת̾ͽΧ˿
ҶȻ̧һʱշ籩ʼҵһһ𵴲֮£Χķػȥˡ
ͨӱǿϧˡǬ΢΢̾Ϣؿģҡͷ֮еĵӸжð
ǬնҲҶһҵıĺ֮£ֻһָ֮з·һͷް㣬ſһھ̵ŷ𵴵ı
֮˱ѵǬѾԼˣȫܹҶзԼ֮
ǧҶһ𵴵ٶȸ
ˣǬΪҪʩչʲôɱͨæƴ
ǰһҶȻѾ׻һӰת֮ʧӰˡ

罫ĴɵԼҵСɽ֮Уһµʱȥˡ
Сɽ֮൱һʱ䡣
ɹáƺĴɵľͷ뵽칬ڲ֮˿̳ľͷҲֻǵĲѣ޽֮еͷ֮УҲֻµˮƽѡ
ԣǾԽߣԼͨɾ
ڳ֮ɹúصľͷʱ˿Ѿ⣬ưȻ
ˡƺɢҲϲ֮ɫΧĳҲ׷׶ӵ˹ǹϲϲ֮ڶ
ĴͷȻɹͻΪΪصΪ
ɶԣֱ֮ϲǴ˴ͻƾ磬ֻǧ۵Ԫ㹻ȥֻ֮ҪлԪò˶ãΪһ
ƽʣͶӰһƬѣȻȫǼͷǴǳ̶̼ʱ䣬ͻƵ˵صΪ
Ȼˬˣȴˬˡ
ȻѾûеʶĴͻ˾ϢȴʵĵĲС
ˮɡƺ졢ˮ죬պĴĳԹ۵Ƭƽ̹ۿͻƾ磬ܹݺݶһ֮⣬Ҫ׳£ɵ͵ڳɹ
ûܹͻƿջǶڲ˵ľͷԣͻһؾ磬͵˼͵˸Ļͻƺľ磡
һͲҪƽ̵ҲԻ˹ȥˡ
ñ˵ǹ˵ƽ̿ǵ֮ϼ޻
첢ɵϣܹظоƽ̸ľ޴衣
̫ϳ۶ĳɱͶӰȻ˵չƷһ´ݣһ˽ʮ繩ԣֱһǰδеܴ衣
ڵȴòݺѪ̵ΪһȥֻԽĨԽڣͽȻ෹ЦϣȥĻֻӵĶۡ
Ҳ֪鲻ֻǽƬ˼ƽ̹ۿǴ˵Ƭʡĳ׼ŭڹꡣ
ΪʲôҵʵԶԶسԽЩˣȴǶأ쳤ԽԽ벻ͨ
˼ˣһⶼϼ޻ıԶ֮ƽ̺Ҷеٮٮ߾ӢеľӢ
˼侭Щ˪ѣϣɱ֮пᣬԶԶ޽֮Щʿܹģƽ̾˵ܹ̣׾ٵضȡƽ̵ĵλ֮˼ǧ꣬Լͻ˵صľ漴ͽɺЩ̫Ͼߵ˺Իȥˡ


347 Ƶ
Ҷƴ˴ΪҪʩչƴеģתۼûӰ
׼Ǭһ֮ǰҶѾûӰˡ
ǧĶӰǬձףûը˷Ρ
ǬղǶԴ֪ǧ֮еĶӰͨˣҶͨãҲֻܹݻʮٶߵӰѣ߾ʮŸӰ̫Զ
Ǭ漴͵ض˶ţû˵׷ȥ
ҶȻѾľ磬Ѿɽ磬ΪǬջ˺ܶࡣ
ǬտǵصΪһƽ˵죬ﰵĸҩǬҲʧȥǵֵزԴСҶ׷ɱ
ʮӰֲĸҶĸǻӰҶǳ˷ܵġ
꣡߷ɳһ⣬ֽ̧ʮĽԸ֮ʮһӰ
Ӱͬʱˡ
ǧ֮еĶӰѾܹԼϢԼ棬ǵľͷûǧ֮һ۵ֻҲӰˡ
оǬ֮ܳ󣬾ڸһ۵ʯ֮УӰ֮£Ҷ͵͵˳
Ҷһ漴еļҵ˳̷ʮҩġ
Եš
ԭУ˵֮󣬱ΪԼǲеĻǿҲܹ֧һ򲻹ܻǿԵģ˵ˣʨһСĸо
ոǬյʱҪʩչ칦񸫵ģתһ뻹ûʩչ칦񸫵ã۷ʩչ֮֮ľȫľɵŶԷ׵³ٻͺԷֲǬյĶ֡
ҶܹðգڵĶֻһ죬ԴСҪĻɫ
ܹͨص綼ָܹɣҶ˳˼֮Уص
ͨͶӰΧתһȻ
ɽ֮ţܹ򿪾ǵľͷˣ岻ҲͻҶ̧ͷ޾֮еȾ޴ɽ֮ţȴƺһ޾ۻ̵ϡ
Ǭյ׷ɱʵҶоһǰδеѹȺͽŸ
ּȵѹ֮£һ޷ݵĸоȻӿͷ
ҶоԼˡʱ䡢ƺѾ쳣
Ҫǣ·ѾǿԼʱĳ֮Уڲͣһ㡣
ڴԽʱ䳤ӵ֮ҶƺѾңңԶһΡĺƴŻ·޾߸ϵϣ
ԭˣ۷壬ظӦͣţһеһжӦͬһ͸Ҷȶڤ˼֮С
Ҳ޷ˣֻƴˣֻҪͻ˵вǬǸˣҲܹȫˣҶ漴¶˾ġ
̧һָһ𵤴з˳ÿһ̺쳣޴
һһĽط֮У沼ϸСĽ
ͨʩչ˳ҶȫʮѨڳӯŹĹĵÿһѨ֮жһǿҵķ籩ڷۼš
Ľ֮󣬻һɹɵ۳һȻҵϳȥ
ͨںʥĺˣײҶһȣʶ֮УͷһִƥĽҵسͷǵͥ
ʱϸ漴챩֮£ȴǱؿͨصһţһֱײŻ֮ϡ
ѡ
һɾ޴·ǧӱײˣȻʶ֮вͣػصţ𵴵ʶ˵졣
ҶȻоһ޷ݵѸо
ҶһѣٻͺԷȻ˳ͬʱһŵˮһ͵عڡ
ͨ϶ɵͨţںݺݵײɽŻ档
䣡ɽԼԼײһϸϸķ϶˿˿״ɫʶ֮С
һ٣ȴԼľָ˴롣
ҳϾҪ׵ĿˣҾܹҪ״һأҶҵسһӿٴαӿ˶ۡ
ձѺֱۣӰ˿ӿʼһһسͷϵɽš
֨֨ɽĴŽѿһϸСķ϶
ģһɹˮϸˮһط֮ϡ
Ҷĵõԭ׺Ľ˵ľٴţʱʼٹĶڵʼ͵س
칦񸫣ɽΪҶ
Ҷ֮Ѿ̺칦񸫵⾳ˣӿŶɵ޾һײ֮ͨţһ֮󣬺¡¡ɽһɲ֮ͱŵ˼ޣ׵Ķˣӿɽĺˮӵйһط֮С
һɽ˵ĴĥܹɹԼط֮С
Ҷŵ֮£һɹɵɽѭȫеѨ֮ˡ
ѾտҲȫѨ֮Уٴαӿڵ׵ĹˣһѨ֮гӯһ𶹵ɽ
¸¸¸¡ɽ֮еĴų׶˼޵ľ磬ӿɽĺˮһӿ֮ˡ
֮оȻ˲ٵķ
ط࣬һҼΪ࣡༴Ϊң
Ҷط֮еͷ밺𣬴ڴڵɽطཥʼҲѹҶ֮ˡ
طȫʩչܹӳ񾳾۷ʵƽղط࣬ʩչͨҲܹӳһ
һأط೹ҹͨɽ硣
طĳ֮£չ˿ÿһ缡ⶼһļ˸һһĿĹ
Ҷ֮УŷĲϵع֮£
ȫѨҿҶкػȻ
һ֮£ȫصʮѨͬʱˣγһСĿռ䡣
Ѿ˵ĵ֮еٴαѸٷ֧ʮѨ֮С
ҶĻɫķݵֱͷȻٴֱ׹ӿȪ
ͨʩչ֮ȫ³֮⣬ʮѨ֮ѾǿĿռ֮ɵķһĵͷʮҲֹ


348 ִ콣
ǽľͨľͨ˼ޣǾǲ֮Ϊˡ
ɽ֮еһķԼ֮ҶоԼڵͨҲʼ˱仯
ͨݻһȫСˣͨǻһڰĹ˵תݡ
иͨһ˾ݵ䵶һת滮
Ӧһһǧ𲽳˱ҶɵССһ
ܶǧͨȻǰȴɱƵģ˵ҵԼһ˵ǱĽˡ
һһͼӰƣȻˮһҶ֮ˣʹ߱˸ǿϸܵĹ
Χ֮УԼ˸ݵͼһɹȵΧնŤ
Ҷվ֮У£ɨ
Ϸƿ˫͵һһչ֮£һ޵ķɢ˿޴ķʱͽΧļСǾƶ˲١
ûʩչκεͨҲֻǵƾԼķѣһ𵴾ȻܹЩСǾƶ˿
ãܹǬǸһƴˡҶһԼǰ޷ͨ
ǰƽ̺Ѷ˵һѹƾ˵ĹඥȻܹԵĻûжɹҪݵãһķʮ֮࣡
Ѱһľͷ꣬ҶʮŴͨȴ϶ѾԽˡ
ټ칦˵ͬеˣһɱ
ͻƿֻ¸ﲻЦˡҶʮֵˡ
ҶʱȻоԼڵľ֮ܵ£ʼµı仯ˣһ֮£ľӺȻǰˡ
ľӱɽĹ֮£һɹѿȷ˳һ׵ʿ
ʿԴɫϣΪ׾Ӳܹȴֻ۾еĵֻ۾ſˣΧնʱһƬ͸
ۣҶ漴˹
ԭľʿϣۣܹͨϤıĿ״һ˽е
ҶϸһԼĿⷿոһ֮£ڻ𵤺ķѵһ룡
򸾰񵤣ɵԪٻͺߺߵҲķ˲ٵԪҶһʱҪ
ԱߵԷݺݵٻһۣΪβĴһƤ
Ǭ˸ģҶ޵ˡ
ھǳͻǻѾõľ磬ֻȻǬǸ˵Ķ֡
Ҫ֪Ǹ˿ǵصľͷһ˵ھ˶ٿֲͨ
ͷȴҲǷǳ׵ˡ
ͬʱԶȻһ޴Ӱ
ĳСӣҿܣֱ޳ܵļ
Ӱڵس˹δһɰķӿҶסˡ
һǬѾѧˣ־ȷסա
ոΪ׷ɱҶǼӰɳ˼ʮŻʣӰҶոͻƾ磬Ҳעˡ
ǬˣѾ̫ˣҶһЦȻһ꿦꣬𵴵Ĳ׾پͽɷɢ
ȻǬյķǵأѾǰǰ֮䣬׾ٵסȫ
ҶҲǵľͷ
Сӣҿ㵽ܣȥǬյ˹ҶģʧеͻƣȻҲͻһأ
ţҶȻǬտվڿеҶһ쳣ϢΪȻ
ٺٺ٣û뵽ɡ
ոմԶò׽ҶͷŶĿŻӰ˿ĸӰûһҶعͷ֮ȴǷԼ˴󵱣ڼȵܻ֮£Զȴָоһޱȵ
ľȻܹ׵ģһͨ۷Ϊʿڳ
ǬվɵҲһӾ˹
Ҷƾű׷ɱɽȾΪسԼľ磡
ǷˣԼȻΪ˶ͻƾĹؼ
ǬձĽױŭˡ
ǵʱȴǡǡһжѾˡ
һ޷ɱб˳
ɱˣҶѾǧˡ
ҶһЦȵǬգѾǵľͷɱ֮еĵͷʲôҪˣ֮п̫ϳϣҪɵڧ𣿡
СҷҪɱ㲻ɣǬձŭļҪʧȥˣϷķǳͷִ콣
ſһ֮£һɽɫǰˣֻǰ֮УȻһ޳Ľ𽣡
ڽֱͨ׭׭֣ȴҧһͷޣͷɢһϣһεɢ˳Բǧﶼεɱ֮ᡣ
ҶǼƽ̣ʦͶӰ⴫Ҵ˴ξҪʬ壬ƽ̺;ɹȥɣ
ǬձһһɫĽƿռն˹շ·ǱƵľһ㣬ѸŤ飬иһһˡ
ƿҶ˱Ӷ֮£ӭǬշķ
Ȼӻڵ޾׼Ļ޽ķ棬Ĳһ¾ײڽϡ
꣡
޴֮εĲˮӿķ
ֻһ֮£Ϳɿе֮ˡ
Ҷı޵ѳأȴֻǷɳĽǣ
ƿҶһʩչŶӰͨٺˣ˱Ӷ֮£ǹ֮Уȵǧɵıͨһӿľӿȥ
ʮľ޴ιҶıޡ˲ɱսǹ֮ни֮£˴̶׷ɵĽɫⲨɢڻǱˡ
Ҷξ֮£˵һһӰҷɡ޴Ӱҧסĺ󱳣ſڡ
׷ĺ󱳣ҶɲݵĽ׷ɱܡ
ԶԶǬյĿЦˣСӣʥðʮشͨɵģǵصĲ֮Ҳֵס
ƫţҶȻһֳ޻֮£յķ籩سһ;ˣٴʩչӰŲƵ֮¾ͷ˳ȥ


349 칦
¡ǬշõԪʱ
Ҷǰȥ˱ͬʱշ·иȻֱشһ㣬׽ҳһƬ
ʮ˿쭣ΧǿʯҷײͬʱյĻǣ쭾ǬտĹƣҶһҧչֳطˣӿ糱ʱͰѡ
Ǭһ£ٴչֳһӴƥط࣬ͷĿֳֿʥ𽣡
Сҽվ֪һ飬֮Ĳ྿ж󣡡ǬտЦһ
Ѿס˵ҶȻ¶һ˿صЦˣӱ͵һ顣кȻѺۣ
Ҳһ˳յͷ
һӻ֮£վɷӿˡ
Ǭնʱһæ֮תʥ֮һ֮£һͷ꣬սһ
󸫼ֱͬɽһ޴󣬸ͷھӨ沼磬һһ֣
ãǬճˣæ̧һ֮£нɫľ޽סҶһ
꣡ƽɫսķ˿ɫƬʼѿ
꣡ǬĲҽУ޸һͷաԼıţԼһֱֻȻӦɣѪշˡ
Ǭոо˿ֲǣҶոյһնֱ۵Ķ̲λôȻѺۣԼĲ֮ϵ˿ھȻ޷ָ
СȻֶ͵Ϯ֮أǬշŭļԸˡ
칦񸫣Ҷŭֻ̧֮𴦣ռ֮Ѿӿ񱩵ĸӰ֮ռѣɽ飬Ͼ
һɲǵģҶǧīĸӰ⻪еĹߣͬʱƥնϣѪ쭡Ƭ±Ž˿
Ǭһʱ֮ʱ˼ҵĺҶһͷͣѾڵ綼Ѿ˿ھҵرţ
ڵһңζڵڼȱߵ״̬
һȫѪתţԼĲ֮ص㷢˳ȫѪ飬ԱҶһͷ˹
꿦꣬Ǭٴαж˿飬ҶһͷԿ棬Ŀ߻ء
׳գȻܹɾͲ֮ΣķȴǲģҶٺٹЦһͷһħٴһԿϡ
һǿҵħٴν״ˣǬյĲ֮Ӳ
Ҷ֪ѰϵħƲסֵľͷǵֽʥ;ħܹ׵ס
ѰħǱϣʱĥɢʥ;ħȴ
ȫûõģҶʮһ֮ڵķ˲Ϣһˡ
칦񸫵̺ٵǧĵķҲǷǳֲģҶ۷ΪʩչΣֻ¾Ҫķѵеķˡ
˵ڵķȻԴԴҲֻʹðʮһΡ
ǬձϾѾǵصƾͷˣȻ⵽˵ش֮£ڲͣ䶯飬һ˳֮ȴ״˹ֵҶĹ
ǬյĿռ֮кȻɳһտɫˣֻ׭һ籦״ͼΡ
˳֮ɫ˿߷˹ݺݵصסҶһ
Ҷһͷ֮£Ȼ赲סˣʱоס
ͨƿҶʱ̧ۣһָ֮£Ȼ
ӿ羢˸ҶͨӴͣ؆š
ḥ̂ҶæһգٻͺԷͬʱ˳ʹͨһϯձĶȫһա
Ǭվ춯صŭˣŭмޱȾҵʹСȻӶҵķҲɱΪƽ̣
ŲƣεҶһȫһٴ쬵һ£תۼܵӰˡ
ոǰʮһͷȻѾúǱˣҲûܹǬոɱ
صľͷϾǾͷԶԶֵܹġ
ҶһˣʩչӰǿ֮лһ⣬ȫͬûͷĲӬһһ·ܡ
ҶܳӵʱܵشǬŻعˣֲȫת֮£ѪѿȻһ
漴̧һָεѪٴ֮ˡ
Ǵ˿̵ǬȻѾȫǵɲ˺˵ĺۼͬèצץӹһҡ
ȵɫˣһжҶС쵰裡
ҶˣϷӴ˾Ͳƽ̣ǬŭһתץһѣȻᣬ׷ȥˡ
ҶʩչӰͨһ·Ų·ܣ֪˶֮ŴһƬҵǺ֮С
ͶӰܻǰСӸģڹ˽춼ҪҶɱ


350 
Ϊ쵰ʵ̫ˣ⼸ŶǱСԸġ
ѵõСӵǱ϶ִƽ̴λ֮󣬶ԼɵвǸӴˣøԴСĶҲҪҶɱ
ڿɸˣԼոձ͵Ϯ֮£淨ıαһ¿ƣԼķжҶһ̶ˣ
Ǭһʹ
Ѿ϶ǬǸ˵϶Ҳڷ޽ĵط½Ҷ㷵ȥֱѡܡ

һʯ֮С
һʯڣﱻҶؿٳһټĿռ䣬Ŀռ֮޴󣬼һˡ
õ֮Уķϡ伮
ٻͺԷǻ˲ͣ߮ţĦĶ
ȴ˿УҶ̧һָ֮£ΧеŵرػһԴԴϵ֮С
ɫ쵵ĹⲨתţ·һ㣬ЩвϾȥо˸ɾ
ڳоĹע֮£Ҳʼͣɱˡ
ͣؼȡӿ֮Сɽͨ忪ʼ
һһƬһ޵ɫ쵵Ӱվɽ۵λã˸衣
ڤҶߣĮģٻͺԷ
ٻͣԷջûУҶʵ
ջǴˣٻ͸¸¹Ц׸һ«
һֻƺˮɵĺ«ɢһӴĿռ䲨֮棬ԼԼʮŵı̵ĵҩڿУҩһ㰵ɫķ£ͨ廷һɵ֮
ÿŵҩΧȴһһƸݣһŵҩͻһǳһ㣬Ϊ֮ᡣ
ʲôöҶź«ʵʲôҩ
Һ󻹵ɼ֮֮ҩͶɵĵҩٻչһϵļƷҩһžܹһǧ
ڸòšҶڵ
׳գ˭Լ٣ٻͰһۿڵ
ߣͻ˲֮֮ͷ㲻ϣҶмغ˺ߵ
־ٻԵسĴָ
ʲôԱߵԷ̧һףһεķҶ˹
ǡҶС
ֻͨɲ״ϲĻƣȴܹΪء
Уһɹ쳣Ӵ֮ӿ
ûҶڲо˸͸ĵڣڵĵǿյʯ֮пʼҵҡ
ô£ҶһѲǬǸ׷˲ɣ
ҶæصĶʰ˸֮漴֮⣬ܵǿ֮ˡ
ֻǿ֮Уһ޴˹Ӱ֮мһҵ֮м޵ϢɵϢ
֮кȻһͷ쳣޴Ĺޣſڷҵ޴ķΧյʯɢ˲١
ӿ籩һ֮һͭĴ֣һĵĹâĵؿҶ·뼢е޶Լһ㡣
ͷξ޴Ĺޣһ壬ͷ­ȴͻһ㣬һѪڷ·ܹһ㡣
ʲôҶͷ޵ģ漴ٻ͵ٻͣһ£⵽Ǹʲô
ҶˣܣܣٻҶʶ֮з쳣ʧˣһŭˣߴҶ
ʲôˣҶֵؿƺӡ֮еٻʹûйַӦŶ԰ʲôŵˣУ
޿һ֮£Ҷо֮Уȥ
ͷ״Źֵľڷ·ӵһĺڶһ㣬ͷ޵һֱ֣ǬǸصˡ
Ҷ֮վˣξ޴ҡҡλΡ
˴һεĺڶ֮˹
ǧŲƣҶһȣһȦɫĲƣһ˵ؾ
ŲƵͨΧݵĿռĦ֮£˸֨֨ľĦˣһشصĻϽ౬˳ˡ
ѣѣɣɣ
ͷſڷޱȴſҵһ̣ѪҲƵľ޿תۼ;޴
ҶҲվסˣǰŵѪ޿ڣһܹһƣһھͽҶ˶ȥ
Χʯž޿ڸһȥ˲١
ҶоԼһټƥ֮ͨˣΧʯͬĸٻգ˳ټĺڶͨݺݵع˽ȥ
ӿԼķ漴ַɳɫ쵵Ĺڣ͵ϴȥˡ
вٵʯҶݺݵ˹¡
һشʯݺݵغͷϵʯ棬ʯ׷֮£𵴵Ҷȫҵزݡ
һ½ҵĵɿˡ
ûҶʯһ㣬ҵغ˹
ŲƣײҶһеطصתɣһ㣬Χҵײһ£Χʯ˿
͵ſۻԼ¶˸ʵʵġ
ٻͣٻͣҳĵǸʲôȻӸôǱҶһǱضЩ§ͷԵʯһ߷ŭˡ
ʶ֮дٻͬҵʶˡ
Ǵ˵еѣٻȫڼҵزţеҶڵǧˮ˶ڻģЩ취еͨҲδܹŶã


351 ˮ
ûҶӦͷ§ͷԵʯһԶس˹ˣҶҲάֲסԼˣشЩʯظôȥ
Ҷججؼʯ֮У֪֮ͨл˶á
˵һҶоԼ·һ޾ĺ֮һ㣬ۻҵſΧˮų˿
ǿпۣһΧĻ
µѵĶǸ֮Уǳ޾ɫˮޱ޼ʵķ·һ㣬һɹɸʴϢˮ֮ˡ
Ҷոմȥ֮Χɫˮ֮кȻӿһػĴظʴһ㱡ͱʴˡ
ٿӿѶǸڵЩʯˮ֮󣬷ĸʴˣһʱ̵Ĺͱڻĸɸɾˡ
ʯ̲֮صĽʴĸɸɾˡ
Ҳ٣Ҷʵʵصһζû뵽ˮȻˣ
æ̧һָ֮£Լתγɵп쭣Χˮ˿ۻǵת֮£һ֮£漴ͽΧˮ赲һ衣
ַȻһЩ赲סˮ಻ϵصĸʴ
վʯռ֮Ҷ漴̧һָ֮£֮кȻðһɫľһ쳣޴Ŀռ֮ʱͽΧˮſһƬ
пռ֧֮ţдתϢ֮¡ʱͽЩۻˮ׵ӵ˿
Ҷβһˡ
ûƬ̵Ĺɿռ֮ҲȾһɹɵɫۣͬһͰɫһ㰹ۻ࣬͵ˮͣʴ˹һһؽռ֮ʴˡ
ҶĶ˰ˣռ֮֮֮ϰû뵽Ҳֵסˮĸʴ
⵽ʲôаŵĶ
дˮȭ֮ңҶ̧͵һָ
һɫˮԼ¿ʼƸΧˮĸʴԣʱסˣǧ֮еˮͨȴȫֹЩŹֵˮͬڡ
ǧʱգҾҶ漴̧һָһ״ѩ֮Ȼ
һɹɫıΪҵΧ˳ȥˡ
ʹǧеıͨ
һɹɫ˳Ǳĺɢ˿ɫˮ֮гһѵĺۼ֮ڶ
ΧӿˮʱᣬһԲĴ飬ϣһһ
ҶỬ֮£еı˪ѩʼһתݣѾױ˵ıԼŰγһɫĴ硣
²ͣطת֮£ɢĺ͸˱֮⣬ʱͽЩˮסˣһһؿʼӺ
ҶĨĨͷϵ亹Ž³ˮҡͷãҵбܹͨһˮȻĻǳ군ˣٻڸô죿
ٻûصҲ֪ô죬ӵģѿǱ̫һްڵˮܹ
Ҷ٣ѾĲ춼ڴʲô̫λ֮ϵ𣿡
Ϊ̫ȺڶԵʣԼٻһ죬صۼͨк֮ܶϵģ˵Ѿˣпռ䣬ܹڻǵضΪ
ٻôһ˵֮£ҶҲЩйˡ
Ҷת漴ⷽ棬Χ䶯ϢѪϱڣ޾ˮԼĽ³
ƬѾˮޱ޼ʵĺ֮УҶƾű֪ͨ˶á
ʱʱͷϳһ˶ĺڶӿһʯ֮ĶѾˮ֮к漴ͱڻ˿ˡҶûʣ
Ѿˮֱ͵˼ˣҲѹܹֻǲ֮ǿ߱븹ڣҲᱻ׵ڻΪеһˡ
ҶϵľսԴԴϵؿʼžˮľսʼʢʼһһľʵִ˳
ҶǱ𲽵뵽˺׵λˡ
׻һƬһƬɳһ㡣ҶԽһһɳ𣬼ǰš
ףʲôҶź״λ֮УȻһ״Ķ
ȻܹѾˮ֮гôþȻ˿ûкۼ⾿ʲôƬ
ҶΪ𾪣⼸ˮģˮﲻ̣μСͱתۼͱˮڻ˸ɸɾ
˾ٻͺԷ󷨱ҲҼˣֻƾűеͨѡ
еͨҲֲ֧˶õģñΧ֮ۻǾܹסˮʴˡ
ǾѶҪ氲ȫˡ
Ҫ֪ܻǬջһĴѰء
ٴ䵽ǬյԶ϶һ˷ʲôıƶʹˡ
̧һ죬Ƭˡ
͹ӵļƬ̣߳ǽͨתŹɫĹȥһ΢汾ļʵܡ
Ҷϸһ֮кȻˮһĽˣ漴ʩչͨͼͨ͹ŹֵƬ


352 ѱ
¡ƬŹֵƬȻɢһޱߺ嫵ϣ޴ѹ˲ˮ֮ҷ
ҶֻԼԴһƬհףԼǰ·һƬƥգǰһƬ塣
쳣޴ĺ嫵ķݺݵسδε֮С
꣡Ҷڻıͨʱϵľ΢΢ѿһѺˡ
ֻƬ̵ĹҶ͸оԼ˹
Աߵٻ͹еʵҶôˣ
Ҷ˻Դ漴ҡͷû¡
ٺ٣ЩˮܹɷĻ֪᲻ǬǸ˵ռãҶа
ٻһӵɴ۾ʵҶϴòɣ
кβɣҶʵ
Ѫһĺףţˡ
ˣҶһȭͷжʱٺһЦ
ᣡ
ָ֮̽£һɫĵ֮УϸܼľϢ
ʹи֮ͨУһ˺֮УȻתһ£һѪѾ֮ˡ
ҶŻҰɫѪ⣬ϸ۲Ѫ̺ͳɷֽṹ
һѪ֮ҵ䶯һŭƥʶ洫ˡ
ͨ߻ɣҶ̧һָ֮£״ķ֮з˳ͣشѪˣסѪһһε͸˽ȥ
Ҷˮͨȫȡ˳ȻԴԴϵشѪ֮ˣֻѪɫһˮԵĹ
һѪ֮пʼޱȷ䶯أѪѾȫ仯һѪƤڴֻƤڴĴ֮ȴǹŹֵͷ״ֻͷͷһ޶ֻǿһ뵵ˮˮһ㡣
ͷѾ൱ڶ쾳ΪˣһѪƥÿһѪⶼһҶǽķȻԼʶ
ڰ಻סʹˣȻſ˾޿ڣһ춯صĲҽ
ޱȾҵʹѷڵϷ
ڣʵǰ಻סˣ͵һĶƤ
ĶƤѾѿһӣҶͷس˳ﻹһƬ쾧״Ѫ⣬һƤڴһ㣬֮ͣ䶯
ƬѪҶת칦񸫣ͷ޵θϣնµһѪƶɵĵ
һѪ⼸൱ѵһǵصΪԳɿռ䣬ʵƥѪɵĵ̺ͬ˾ˮ֮ԴԴ֮£Ҷʵ֪ˡ
ǲ֮ĸֱˮϣҲ᳹ڻе֮Ҳ޷ֵסˡ
ѵˮʵ̫һЩǶԼʵһĪʧҶͳ׶˼ˡ
ҶӵſڴһʵĿ֮漴תһۡ
תһͷСɽһ޴ڼȾֵؿ·һèһ㡣
ûҶж֣ͷѷһ춯صĺУ·еһ㣬ƨһ㷭֮£͵شãã֮Уһ̶Զˡ
ô£ͷ޾Ȼô죿ҶĪؿͷޣתͷɨΧһȦûʲôΣյĹŽʵʵһ
漴ֻƤӣҡҡͷ漴ɨһΧĻﵽʯû˿Ĳľڵļ󣬶Χɽ϶֮ȴжһһѵĴĽ˸⣬вٶѻɽĺǣ涼иʴĺۼ
ԼѾһŻ档
ǳסĳѨطȴǻɽܲ˵ɽ֮У˸ָĹĽͷǳʯ֮ڵľˮˢĶڻ֮£漴ȫ׶˳Ȼˡ
öﶼǺöٻͺԷһҶڴ˳һߣ˷ܵس
ҶƬ漴ھʵôˣʲôöô
Է̧һֻצָָϵһѽ񣬼0ЩɶƷŵرҪ֪н޳ڵľˮûʲôڻģЩ϶ǧĶŶ˳Ȼֶڻ
ٻͳХһҺԷܹɵЩĻ¾ܹ׽ΪһƷˣ
ˡҶһڵڵľˮڻģƾܹͨõЩ𣿡
ߺߣС˲ǣٻͲмصʲô˵ģܹõ˵е𣬻ǧ֮еĻЩܽ⿪׾٣ֻܿҺԷͨˣ̫һЩ
ǾͲҪɵˣϽɣҶڴ˵һͷ޻
Ҷ˵ţ漴ʩչطͨʮֻͬʱգΧʯ⣬и޵ĹԼĿռ֮ˡ
ٻͺԷչֳ˳ˣһһ֮£ΧԲǧеĽɫľ壬Լɫ֮Ķͳͳ˫ѹ˸ɾֻҪǾھˮĶһҲҪǱѵˮڻɱŹ


353 ǬյĿռ
Ҷɱ֮ʵӶᵽ˲ٵͨͼݺݵؼٻͺԷڣʹ˫ĥ̸ӵһء
Ҷδܳɾ񾳵ʱĥܹ̾ʶħԸڻ˶ŴͨٻͺԷȻܹһء
ĥ̷ĥת֮£ܹһֵĽڻȻ֮С
һһ˿Укڰ˶תţ̵ĺڰ׵˸ݣһһ˫ţԼеˮڲݣԼͨתš
˶޹ڰеת֮£ԵѾؿʼڻĺۼˡ
⼸ٻֻҪһ֮ͣ̾ͻԷһеӶĲϾڻҶϸؿʼоͨеĹס
ҲٻͺԷתĥĥϹףȴֹȴ˿
Ƭһ֮ͨ£ҶظоԼ˲֮ʶ֮еһ򽥽γˡ
ͨںϹͨ׵õֶͨΣڻûɲ֮ռǶȻȡġ
Ҷ̧֮Զĺ֮һ֮£֮зһӨˮԼȫ¶סˣˢŻָһЩԪ
ɽ֮е˵ʣͷǧģڵľˮĶ
ֽڵľתԼγһԼȫ¶
ҵ죬⵽ǸʲôŹֵĶҶƬ׶ƣͷƤ
Ƭɺ޹֮ˡ
صľͷȷҶܹƥеľ֣Ͼֻһ񣬶Ǭȴǳˡ
һ޴ӰٶȣȻ֮ˣݺݵؿҶ
Ҷһ󷢺תܡ
ѵĶǸ֮֮Ҷû˵ȻָԼķѾ׶ָ״̬ˡ
ǬҲǳصģͷҶһˡ
û˵ֻ̧һָ꿦꣬ҶͬʱĿռС
Ŀռ֮ҵرȥתۼͳ׷ҶΧ
һ־ͳ׷Ҷߵпԡ
Ǭ֪Ҷ֮ҶȻֻǵһصΪǧеɱƹڵͨȴѾߵ̬кƴǬδܹƴùԼҪԸĻ͵÷ӳԼоϵƣ
иҶһΧһָһиͱѵĿռ֮ͬʱӿΧĿռ䣬Χռ·󴸸Ĳһ㣬֮漴ƾҶıиͨεʩչռ֮ʼϢ
ûҶǬտЦһü֮оһ㣬һȦɫɢ˿
ֵỮ֮£ѿһɫĺۼ֮£Ҷصȥˡ
ҶǰٿȻһڣѾһռ֮ˡ
һƬռ伫ΧǳܲԱɽʣɽѶһѶˡ
һӰǬյӰ˿Уעڿϵһ㡣
ǬգеЩٿһͨˣҶ
ңǬעϣ޴Ӱڿ۶ˡ
ããҧЦҶ˴Ϸƴʧǧ귨ҲҪռ֮У
˵䣬Ǭյĺ֮кȻɫ쵵Ĺ⻷ҫķ
ҶǰȻһ
޴֮дˣдˮױӿһ㹾ཹཱུš
һ޴ɽѶ沼ѩĵ֦Ҷïľʵľˣֳ־޴󸫣Զĺ֮л;˻ţʹռ֮зƵ崡
֮һƬڸţƶ֮Լл²Ļӥաסг
ռ֮ɫ쵵ĹⲨתĽɽľˡ𺣡ǵȵ˷رӿ˹ĵҶײ
Ҷ˷ΧЩһȴЦֻ̧ͷ֮еǬյ۾
𣿺ٺ٣Һõȣ
Щռ֮еĽ֡ľ޽趼ڵͨ۶ɵģֻҪͻᱻ޾ͨĥ
ǬյĿռѾӵУȻϰĲеͨתȴ
ɵеĵͷһѡ񣬳ɾͶ춼ҪۣһĿռͺѱƣҾǱԷķ˿ռ䣬Ҳƾ֮¾ۼָ
Щȫۼһţˣ͸Ҷɳ֮
ٺ١ˮͨˮҶȻһٻ֮£кȻһƤڴ沼ѪƤ⡣·һݵһ㡣
ڴ⿪͵һ֮£һɫˮˮ˰ȳˢתۼǬյռ֮Уת֮ͽΧӿûεĸͨûˡ
ҶͷϵĻһӾͱˣŻϵͨͱƿ
һ˲䣬СͨѾˮڻ˸ɾ
ãռ֮жʱǬյľ޴ŭ
ҶٺЦЩˮһߺٺЦٺٺ٣ǬգӺò׸㵽Ķˮȫ̳ͷȥɣ
ˮͨûһУҳû


354 ռ丯ʴ
ȵɫˮ˵ľ˺ϯռ䣬ˮ֮ݻʮɫˮƬˮ֮нӿľˡ
֮еĵɽ𺣱ǹֱɶĺҵһ֮£ͬһ˿֮µһ㣬ȫʼֳڻ״̬֮ˣռϱڶظʴһһĴˣӿʵԪӿռ֮ˡ
һ˲ĹǬڵռѾ׸ʴǧٿף©
Ҷ쵰㵨ҵֶ񶾵ˮϷϷƲǬշ춯صŭ
Ʋٺ٣˼ѵûһ´ôҶˮٺٹЦ׷ɱңͨѾǺƲˣȻҪ˵ȷϻ
ǬŭøСȻֶζԸϷ򣡡
ֻƾЩˮͣ͸ʴԼĿռ֮ˣռ֮е̵
ˮǧ֮ңɴ󷨣ҾסҶЦ̧֮漴һָ֮¡
ѿڴϵͷȻ۾漴ſƣϵɫˮȻһһŵڿоɢɢһƬƬŨˮƣظĿռ֮УƾǬתų޷ųֻƾЩˮԼĿռϱ棬ͣظʴԼռ䡣
ҶͣѱǬյռ֮меһ䶼ֶˮûˡ
ӿˮѾ׸ʴ͸ռ֮У
ǬձŭļԸˣϧûеܹ֮ˮֵ֮ͨͨסֶˮҲֻܹƾͨӲѶˮʴˡ
Щ߰飬Ǭյռݺݵ̣һռ֮һʴĵطȻ¶һ׹ˣĿռ䣡
Ҷдϲ֮£漴ûʩչδ󷨣ӶиնĿ·ӸոոʴĿռ䶴֮͵س˳ȥ
תһǬգʱס
ʱǬԭɷǵȻȫˣȫµϲ˶һһɫۻ࣬ҲƺѸԼ¶˼ŭʹɫˣԭӤۻѾ֡
Ǭճ׵ŭˣֱζû뵽ҶȻֿµĶԸ
ˮǴ˵ܹľˮĶ񶾣ܹʴռ䣬֮жֶܹ񶾵֮
Ȼˣֶ֮ҲʮɵģޱϹޣصǧˮ֮УˮܹڻѾɵġ
˵ԼòȹĿռˣԼĲֻ֮ҪմȾһᱻ׵ڻ
ٻͺԷ˷ӡͨˣҶҲͣʩչͨͣظŷӡ壬ǬŭѾˮڻ˲٣ʵһɲǼͱ˴롣
Ǭշװһ֣һɫĳƿϮҶɭɱһɸһе־ײС
Ǭƽ̣ҿѾûˣҶЦһ˫һ֮£ͬʱɶ˫һҵ֮£ɫɫĳͬţ뺣һ㣬׸ȥ
ת֮䣬˫ճһϵƴƥķͱеӡˡ
ԶǬ۵һһѪˡ
ƷǱ޵ģһƣķҲˡ
ִ콣ȻףȴκβаƥѶˮֻܹߺƥؿҶһۣתͷ͵ط˳ȥ
Ǭն־ȫˣΨһҪľǸϽķص֮У뷽跨ڵЩ񶾵ˮ
㻹ܵ𣡡ҶЦһ̧һţиӰէ֣ռ䱻һһն
Ҷٴʹ칦
ʼҵֿ˴󸫣ĸͷӰգͷؿ˹ȥںһ׷һͿ
ǬǱضű׷ɱݵҶѾŭʱڵˮѾĿռ֮ȫѾŰһ᧿Σĵزڲ뷽跨㶨ֻСסˣ
ڣҶһǾ׵ĸԿϣǬշɢңͷҵɢޱȾҵزҽһʱ䶯ˡ
ٻͣԷѹסҶһͷϣ漴ȥɸ
ٻͺԷʩչٵķӡӲطӡǬеĶ
Ҷָ̧һһ֮£ϸѩطͼһһŵرгȡ˳ˡҶ֮ˡ
ǬͨҶ˹оʥ񽣡
Ҷһڳ̧֮£鿪츫Ѿջ֮С
ոһսǾĶǵ˼㣬ҶųĴǬƽľͷػɱˣ߽ǧٿ顣
ǬҲֻǵصΪѣƽ̵δͻƾʱ磬ڸûˡҶľ鿪ֻܻһ;ˡ
һ񾳸־۷壬Ҳ񾳵ĸ֣һͷͽ׵ĵͷҲǾͷ
Ǿ񸫳նһУһ񾳵ĸ֣׾ܲһһľͷ


355 ͷ
Ҷձޣ˷ס֮ҵػӶΧĿռǬƽ̷쳣ĺ
Ҷָ΢΢ɫĹߺݺݵסǬյһһŴ֮ѪԪ硣
ϧˣҵͨûߵľ硣Ҷ΢΢̾Ϣһ
ͨߵľ֮󣬼ɵһԼˣҶڵΪ̫ǳһصľҴͻƣδ̣Խͨ׷ӳ
һȻӲˡ
ܹƾǰеôһƥ߰˸ͬȾĵͷ
˿ֲʵͨ¼䣬˭ܹƥУ
Ǭյֻʣһͷ­ˣֻҪҶټһѾǬվͻᱻĨɱ
ҶڽƴǬգкȻһɺ⡣
ȻоôɵʵЩףôŵȴҲʣϾԼ̫й¶ȥΪ
˼ȥҶȼѡ
ϾɵھѶչ࣬ƽ̶ҲȲϵġ
ٵ˰ɸ֮ҶɴƮкֱӾͳ˴֮С
ʲô飬ëëġɹôڵ֮˹
һҪĸ⡣Ҷݵڵص
ɹüʵô£
ҶЦһȡһźڰС
ǡǬգѿҶеĺڰУŵһͷϢҲˡ
Сӣ⵽ô£Ŀ⾼ؿʵԭԭĵ
ҶЦһ漴ǬսɱԼ飬Լոͻƾԭԭص˳ڰ·޵鶼û
׸ôˡ
Ƭ֮ͷϳתӰӣ糱Ԫ˹
ѿһǰͰ͵ҶɵʧЦˣСӣҺ㻹ûнɱ֮еͷбĵƵģһܴݳǰˣҰˡ
ĸ׼ν
ɹõϴλɱ˵кв٣ǵľѪϢΪߵҲῴɡ
̧һ֮ģһź֮УһѪ漴ͻķָһ֮С
꣡ҶͷϵճѺۣһСƬĻˡ
ָ֮£ͷϵİɸطݺݵסںڰ֮з֮еǬա
˾ɸ֮еǬĲҽ֮ڶ
ڣѾ˿һ˿ˡ

֮У֮һڡ
ıλ֮£ȼŵһյӵͭƺȻ˸£ȻȵһϨ˿
֮д쳣ǿ·Եˣ
Լһɵƽ̣ĶͷƣȻ᳹ˣ
ôһ£ıôˣ
ǵƽ̰
ǣǵصľͷô䣡
ƽ̣һ£Ǭյôˣ
Һ֮дˡ
һ̤˳ѾϨƣ۽ǲ΢΢س鴤һ¡
ָʾǬȥɱҶֵģΪģҲΪйߣΪҶС쵰Ǹϻ쵰Ѳһһ쵰Լ˼δʮδȨиնһ룡Ǿ޷ܵĽ
ôȥ˵ʦͽܹʲô۶ʱŪ챻ˡ
Ҫĵĳ
ȴǳϵġ
û뵽Ȼʧ˲˵ƽ̵ʵЩ޷ܡ
մȾһ±ƵĵͣͿĨԼ֮С
ȻĬȻͷ϶Ȼ˷ɽƺӰľڿһһɢ˿ˡ
Ȼüͷһ壬һϢ֮С
է֣
̧յ˼֮£жʱͳһ˶ľӡ
ֻƺ֮ڣǬͷɢȫǱʮۼףͷǣ״쳣ŹֵһΪסˣȻͣطͨϣһٵصľ޸г֣ظ˿
Ǭˣľѧ칦ϡޱصոһоһ޶֮ȻǬǱΧŹġ
дǿҵĲһѺ۶ʱˡ
Щһѷ棬һɹɼȱŭ
壡Ȼ壡
һĨİɫ쳤̾һƽϢ֪ķݳȥɣɵƽ̺ͳϹͬһ¶Ըˡ
̫ϳϣͷУǲţһλƽ̣˵ɡҿ񳤻ͲѾǵصΪءΪء
Ǿɡ
컯ŪˣҶ˻Ǻ˵ġ

ɸ֮Уɸ˿в
Ҷ̧ĨõͷĺˮȻԵؿš
ʹǲ˵ΪͷҲЩˡ
ɱһλƽ̣ɵʮһƽ̣ʵһǳ̼Ƿǳŵ顣
֮еĵͷԼıƱͷ֮󣬱̾ͻϨˣ̫ϳϾͻݱܳ
ھѾԼĵߵǬ׮׵תƵͷѾɱϡ
̧һ֮£ѾԼ֮ˣ˵ͷϹǬյϢѾҸĨɱȥˣֺķķߵǬζ㲻ģ˴ҲĴˣα˽ţ
ĸ˵ˡҶим漴ֿЦһ¹ɵĹϵǬյԲǴ󣬶ҵĲԳΪΰôӺᡣ


356 
СӣٸקˣҵҪڣ˭Ҹ˺һëЦһ䣬漴ص
ҶЦһ漴ȶһططı׳һֻ֣һ޸͸ľ޸֮ԼǶתݡ
ɹ̧һ֮£ӯӯľ޸ٴηһͶӰȻ£Լ֮ˡ
糱Ԫ˹칦񸫵Ӱʼһһʵ
ڣöͶӰѾɱһӺƴƥ񸫡
ѾǵصĻ춴칦񸫺ʥ𽣵ãʵķ棬˵ԶԶϹŶˡ
֮룡ɹ̧һָָһɫпʼ
һŵɫĹǧ˿ƵѪ֮Уɫ߻س֮մȾٵķͼ
Ǭͨھ˳ˡ
лһɫĳֱȴһģĹҧϸһʥϢִ콣
ǬܹͨҲܹӳʮɵˡѿִ콣΢΢ףһɵƽ̣Ȼеѹ׵Ķ
Ҷһ˼漴ʵĸǶɵ˼
һ޵гɵ޵ߣҫǽԼĵȥɹõϧ޴ȴ֮
ĸǾ÷ǺΣӿĵ羰㲻Ҷڵ
ɹõ˵ͷѾˣվ׼ǨȥҲĴˣðǨɻȱһ
Ҷص֮кԼͻƵɾ;ͷϢʱ֮˲Сĺ䶯洫Ƿ׷׶ǰأӵ̫ϳǶˣͰеŵͳϻɳµǰ񣬺Ҷ׽һ¹ϵ
ƽ漴ҲˣҶΪţĵӺһ󼵶ʣźŵĵȴʼ졣
֮еĵǣڰ˵Ҷǿŵȹϵפɸ֮вŻ˾Ϊ
仰ûͨɵ˸е裬ԴΪ١
˶˵ҶҶѵеɵӵĿģĽҶ޸
ЩҥԣҶȴǺ⡣ԼôҲǸľͷˣЩ¶ҪƽϣǾ̫ˣˣר־ͻвӲ
Լ·ñȥʼɰɡ
Ҷ漴֮нƶһϵеĹϵͳѵͼضԼĵмʼˣչ֮ǰһش鷢ˣҥԼؿʼķз
ƽǿձһٸɱ֮Ѿٻ٣һ˿Ҷûʣ£˵һشĴ
һŵƽ̾Ȼ˻ɱ⣬Һ޶ɰĳǶˣǷ׷׿ʼ֣ӵشǿ֮пʼϸѰ
źִϢĳǿ֮зĲкƽǱʮλʾ屰޳ܵΧĽȫķġ
ĳǲûлɹƽ̺;ѣȻϼ޻Ǻ޹˼ɵˣƽִһɣҲɸϾЩƿ飬ֵɣϵĳĸɵԼҵƽ̣˺Ƥ򣬳ɵڧսǾԲҵıãûҪȥ
˴ǬѾսôڵεȻ̫ϳˡ

Ǻ֮Уһ󹬵
ڱҶһ֮󣬾ɹ漴ʩչԼĹŲƵ˷Ǻ֮ȥˣ⴦ȻȽϻңԴҲû޽ôḻΧȷʵʮֵĳ棬Χ֮ҲвٵĴӡ
׳ΡĴΧԼԼ֮ӰƸݡӯĴΧƹƣǧ
ȻΪ£ȴִһױȵ֮ɵɵϷ緶
֮Уվżصͯӡ
ɹ˲ٵĸ֣һɽԼĳˡ
ЩѾǸո̤Ϊĵӣ֮лһٵСɽ磬ڱɴƮ帺̡
ڵɴڵ񣬶ƮǸϸ̵ӣ½ŮǸɸ֮Ѿִɵķ緶ˡ
类Ҷ˾ɸȳΪ˾ɹõļӣ㣬רŸƹӡλֻɴƮ֮¡
ŮڶʮֵֿæţдҶʱҲûˣɸյĵӶŮӣеӡ׼˫޵µŮҪǨססڸˡ
˴ΰǨɹŪĶҲ쳣֮һ޴ɵоȻëһ㣬ƮƮؾôǺ֮С
һ·̾Ǻ֮меʿĹʿǰݼ˾ɹãɹȴһŶһжɴƮ弰Ӵġ
Ͼصĸ˾Ӧеظ˵ɺ磬Ѱĵͷһͷ¶ĻǾûЦˡ
ɹõ֮󣬷ΣʹǺ֮еʿضصĸ˾η
ûãǺ֮кȻͷľͷײ׼Ǻ֮в׽Ůʿȥɲոճʿû׼Ҫأ漴ͱɹ赭дظ׽ȻطϵеĵУôǺ֮Ư
ɹþͷΪһ־׾ʾвݵ
һ¶ʱŭ򣬼صľ漴ܵ˷Ǻ֮У׼۵ĵڣ漴ͱɹøһָȻʹ˷ӡͨ⼸ͷﶼԭͣȻ󶪸ӳ䵱ʣļͷصҲǴԭˣ䵱ػá
ͷصץСһǺεͨ
һٳ֮£ʱͰǺʿǸһ¡
еǶʱͰ࣬ҲǰǺˡ
Ǻ֮У


357 
Ҷھɸ֮æȻ죬ھɹõİ֮£Ҷɵ̣洫ͰϣҲҪһһţһһۣ˸
òþɸڷǺȶ֮ҶƵطص֮С
Ϊƽ֮Уץѣ漴ڶ´ǴŴɳɾ˶Կ塣
һ´Ǵʱʮǰһ֡
ֳĶͦ󣬵ǺźǣӦȴ޼һ˵Ĵɶ´ǴҲΥҪԭΪϴħǽʱΪʵ˺ģѾ˸ɹҪ֮һƱػˣʱսƷķͳһˡ
첻ɣҲ벻ɵӰȻ˵ľ޴ʱûкһڡ
صɰû֮󣬺漴͵ŰݷˣֱԲ˵ҪæҶ£ҶѾټҹģòƲСҪҶ³֮Ϊߵ龧͹Ҷ
ǿӲ磬ҶоҪǮҪıԣȻм󣬵һΪߵ壬˼񾳵ӣɵƺɲͨɣɵӱһӶǾ޴ʧ
Ҷ漴һЩƷĵҪһݣӦ
Ҷô͸һͬǿ֮С
Ҷϵ֮жʮƺ񾳵Ѿһá
Ҳ֪֮һһɳĻǳйͷЩСֱȲϣҪͨһ𵤣Ҫķ̫ŵر
ҶͷɽһصȷҪŵرȥҵǻǹУ乬ıУֻҲɾͲؾˣҲ̫ļЩ
ɫأҡͷҶ֪ҼƽĽ˵ѲþͻᱬǲܽɽƱԶɹҲҪŬᵤ
˵䣬ѾһƬ֮С
һƬ֮кڶּ࣬˲ǣ˵һӿĴʥˮһ棬γһĴʥˮ֮ࡣ
ҶЩһǳɫء
ʵҶ֣ǿʲô
ǳŲƹĺۼҶͶһź棬ܹתǶķֻеϲܹãܹŲתӵģֻҪһصķܹ
˼Ƭ̣һ֣ԱߵĶʮƺĵȡһͼ漴ִ߶˷һ͹׾ıƬ֮ͼͱû֮С
Ҷ͸ģԻһ壬ʮƷ޴󣬲֮󣬾ǵصĸҲҪУҪȴҪһǰʱ䡣
֮кȻˮ˷ӿ˻ˮ˻ӿҫĿ
պȻ΢΢һһֻɽɫƬľֳ͵ץ˹
ãǰصĵӿѪæغ˹
ûȱӿƺĵӻɱҶƷɶɣֻ˶ޱȵҽһ𣬱һһֵⲨ
Ҷɾ޴һӾ͸˳ȥ𾪵ɫ
洿֮ڳһߴɫӰӰɫĽƬһɹɾİ
ǵһصʣҶоڤڤ֮УԼһϴԼ
Ϊ׵һ̰࣬Ϊǵ̰ģҲײɱǣ
һ֮жȻ˽߰ʮˣȺֱֳ̬һʵ۹ףͷǣ̬쳣ɲ
Ϊ׵ʿЦЩ̰࣬ǵ°ɣ
˵꣬һ۵ľּץ˹
Ҷ֮еչ˰˱۷̧࣬һ֮£ӭһֻ۾֣飡
ȵסǣǸϽý󣡡Ҷȵ
Ҷ֪ȻΪͬĸ֣ķҪʤԼƴǺܲʵһ飬漴ָһӡɫ
ָһץһᣬһںڹâת޳ڿС
Ҷһҳ£֮£Ȼ˲𵴵
ͨ
ΧѾȹ˵ʱշ籩ȻŴշ·𱻴ɷĩľӡ
Ҷͷ϶ȻĽɫˣ·һ㡣
֮Ҷ̧һָ
ŽɫĹⲨγɵεؽסӿ塣
ոͷѾǵһظˣλ׵Ĳֻ͵ķܲˣһǱͨʹ֮󣬸ոֱѹʱ֮ˡ
һҲһ£Ϊ׵ʼ״Ҳ֮ɫҲҵһһֻ̽˹ָһץһᣬҲһǱ
ҵıͨͬʱ֮£֮еʱշ籩飬ֽ˿
ʱվˡ
Ҫɽ󣡼󣡡һӡ
з·˳ϫƺһ㣬ӿ˹ĸӽһʮĿڱȺΧȥɱһš
ʮĿڱһΧ̲֮һӿĳȺ御赲סˣ￪ʼƴؼѹ˹ȥ
ȲýסͷʣҶɫ侲صȺС㣡
ʮĿڱٴαǳʮĽˣϯһ֮ͷʶʱһס˽֮С
Ҷһָɵӿʱշ籩죬ӵļʮսʿҡεļվȡ
ɱҶ͵սʿȺ֮Уе񵶣޵羢һĵ֮£Χսʿ֧飬Ѫɡ
绢Ⱥһ㣬գ۵ĹһȺصսʿѾ
ʱ˿̣֮Ҳͷ쳣ŭˡ
꣡꣡γɵķϸСѺۣһɹӿķ籩кˡ
ߣԱƽҶһ̧һָ֮һ⾵ӳˣ͹ӣ䷽һѣĿĹߴճ
һ֮£֮жȻߣױʱշ籩һ֮£̾ƽϢ仯϶ԭĿռģ


358 ˴ħ
ͷʱ˽֮УѪ棬״Ǳƥ
Ҳ˲ˣתһݹܡ
ΧĿռȴѾҶͽˣƾγײ޷Χ
꣡Ҷ֮ڿмţһݻεĺˡ
֮зй֮󣬾Ÿһгʮ˶Ρ
ͷȴ׺쳣ҶжҲ£ֻǽԼһԱΪ׵һ̧һָ֮£һɵǵڣλ˲³ˡ
Ϊ׵ŭһͷϽʢһȭͷСĽ𵤷˹һ㣬Ҷ͵ײ˹
Žڿоҵ𵴸ݣΧжʮͼӰƣΧշ籩ų˿ˡ
ҷӡҶͨһ֮£һӡ˹ŽȼյĻʱϨ˿ķӰ˸ɾ
ȻƮƮҶ֮С
ոͷĽͨɱ޴ͨۼɵġһ֮£֮ѰʿĽ𵤱ըǵĸֱôһը֮£Ҳᵱˡ
Ž𵤵ζʱή˵ˡ
ޣ֮Уи𣡡Ҷ§ͷԵľһ˹
꣡ͷʶʱ˾زҽУҶӵһ´ԴϣͳѪɡ
ͷҲ˲ˣתȫķڽ֮һѷ죬һ⼱ٷߡ
ܣҶһһ٣ڿлһĲӰ׷˹ȥ
ձһ֮£ǧٵ𵴲ݵըͲɢ˿ͷʵһ˿Ѫ¶һ˶Բľ
Ҷָһ֮£ݺסö龧
ͷʷزҽһſһʯ治ͣزš
ڵ龧ڣһ±ץʹ֪ˡ
ͬʱкȻһŨŨħ˵ħ⳯ʵϮ˹
ţȻ˵ô
Ҷв죬֮һֻɫľ򣬴һץ֮£ľ庡оˣֱһһ˿һƵҶû¡
㡭ԱΧȺİ˸̬Ůͬʱ˵ˡ
ʬ壡Ϊ׵һӱȻϸ̺Ҷ͵ץ˹
֮кȻŨŨѪϢˡ
ѪͨҶתˣ۾ǰ˸쳤۵Ů
ħ֮ŨŨѪ֮Ѫɷֻ֮ԿһЩ漴͸оħ뵡
żŨħ˸ħΪҲôߣߵҲֻǷΪѡ
Ҷ΢΢ЦˣӴǣû뵽ȻħҲ磿
Ϊ׵ЦĴСԸ岻ֹɵΰɣ⼸ʬ壬ҷߣ
ƾ⼸ϣҶЦڻû⿪ӡأҪǽ⿪ӡϻ
˸ӸѾ񾳾۷Ϊˣ˴ܵΪ˴ġ
ҲɵҶȻƵЩͷȥɵ֮ÿ춼սǺ飬ǲǲ顣
˴ħеһȴǸŮӣȴǧ޶ˣҸ˸еŮϿ˿Ȼ֮һ޷ݵʥࡣ
ܸħ֮ҶŮ΢΢͵ܽŹȾ磬ǲ٣õġ
ħ֮ħ֮ͨеһС֧ͨѣħͨûᲢۡ
ŮһͽԼķİأʱɫѿĵȻܹоõҶǴĵ׺
λѣѪħǵİ˴ħ޽֮һ򶼺ĬġħŮǰһЦʢ֪ܷи㣿
ħ֮µİ˴ħصıѪħҲħ֮µһԱħ˰ɣҶɫ쳣䣺иû⣬ȡǵģȡҵģǾˮˮȥȡǣòŴðɣ
ѪħѹѪ˻ӼҶǶûǣǴǴҶֵܹġ
˵ɵħ֮ˮݵģǾƲԼ֮µ嶼ΪУôоͰħħ塣Ҫ˹ؼʱ̣ħһ͵ħһ£ģҪ£ġ
ڼȻǰеǰôӦ÷еĶԹЯֹвǡ
ҶصǻϲʶҶ
ҶͨɵһֵҶ㣡Ϊ׵һħϳɫ΢䡣
ħǰ˴ħûγһԲͺԳ֣һʱ
˶ʱûõġҶɫʱ쳣䣬ָһ֮£һаĿռ֮Χһ쳣Ϣʱʼռ䡣
ԨǱӿʱڳɫΪ֮һ䡣
ǸŮЦó֮г˳ǧһȾһƬʫ黭ĵط
λСãòҪְӵȻ֮ԸңȻҲȻ֮츳ͳɾ͡ҶЦǧ֮һһžħΪͨҿǾħʮ꣡
ħŮɫٿȻ΢䣬ʧɫؿҶ˪ӡ


359 Ѫ׼
Ѫħǵİ˴ħɫʱˡ
ǽάȵĵڣҶǰȻһѺˣ̽һֻӰ
ɫӰһ֮κζԲڵסˣ˴ħαһεعסˣһ˿á
˴ħɫһ䣬¶˼侪ɫˡ
ǵİؾͷ˴ħɫһӱˡ
λǰǸλġû£û¡Ϊ׵ħæһЦˣĵص
ΧҶѾ˿ʵλľͷǽǾɱŵĳʲôҲ˵ġ
ͷһħʮڵһġӰصɡ
Ҷһ漴Ӱ֮иоϤ
Ӱָֻһ֮£һĿ˴ħķ𣬷˲ҽһɿ쭸ݺݵعεǧ֮ȥˡ
ͷֽѵһ񾳵ĵȻģĳֻɱ񾳵ӣǾͻһԴСһɵı
ҶʶӰ̺Ϣƽ̣漴ǰҶݼƽ̡
ЩеصҶҪڸЩħ˾ˣԴͣѲһҪȥ
ףȥǡҶ
ţһ㵽ط֪ˣ㰴ͼҵս֮󣬾³ϵǶĸŮͰｻǣȻȫǻĵ˽ʱԻȥɸ֮УɼסˣһҪ֤ǵİȫһ
ӼסˡҶ˵ͷӦ
֮еӰʱɢ˿һѪ֮Уֻһ״İҶ֮С
֮⣬һͼҶָ˷
ոƽʹΰ˼֮ԼһѪɵĻ˲Ϣ˹ҪһǧΪ
ƽѾ˻춴֮ÿҺһɽĳ˵һǧΪʵҲǼ¾ͻָˡ
˵صľͷÿµľɽ͵ȾĵͷԶԶ޷ġ
Ҷ̧ͷʵתͳǴ֮зȥ
ƺѾչˣ嶼Ѿٵӻȡ˿ռ䷨ʼԴԴϵسȡź֮дʥˮ
ҶںȡʥˮĺʧЦ㻹ë
û취ô󶯾ȡһЩôô洫ӣ̧ͷ¶һѩ׵ݣ̵˲ٺôɣ
˵ţ漴ַ̧ɳߵɫĹ㣬ߵɢ⡣ǾƷı
Ա߼ƺĵ޲¶˼۵ɫ
Ȼ˲ٺôȰıչֳҶЦЦӹ⼸
ͷϳһƹ⣬ƹ֮Լмͼơ
Ҷָյһ㣬漴ͷһ֮£һһµķͨбӲشа˳
ȫһһһķͼӰͷϵƹ֮С
ͷܹʮͨһ붼ѾҶͨи֮ĴͨҲôںԾͶȫˡ
Ҷͷϴʮͨʱ򣬺¶ʹıˣͷһ͹
˹ˣҶ֣ҪզΣеҵ죬ʮŴͨҪҵˣ
ȥùвһʱˡҶһЦȻ̧һնһľݲ
ͷʵİֱѾն
ȼ֮𣡡
Ҷָһֱۺһ£̵ȼճܵѪɫˣҶһָ˺ˡ
м˵һͨѪ׼
ǿѪȼգ󲹵ҩֱӾôع֮ڡ
һͷʵһֱȼջǼǿģˣȴ˵ЩȼյѪȼ֮£Ȼû˿ĳƵļѪתۼͷֻʮѪͬʱ˺ڣƤЩ죬һһͺӼ֮бȼռѹˣܵѪȼյڵĆ졣
ȴȫްʹɫ¶˼泩ɫԱߵڶƺĵֶʣҶһ֮£ͻᳬԽǣΪɵӵһˡ
ֻƬ̵Ĺ򣬺ڵͨѾˣȫķҲ㱩ʮ౶ոֲظɫʧˡ
Ҷһٲ˼๦в
Ū㣬ôѧôͨոʩչͨӡƺӦý
ǽͨҶЦЦƽ̴ڸҵġ
֪ҶԻͨǲܵˣҲֻһЦѡ
лˣæ·Ҫȫûˡһ
ոҶֵĿ죬ס˹ֻµһƺͻʧ洫ˣҪҶ½סͷʾ壬ֻڳһҲˡ
ûϵҶҲ飬漴ʵĲȱҲصεջѾǲСˡ
Գɿռ䣬Դ˴ƺĵջḻƷǾԿ϶ˣټϸľԪҩǴľƷ
ҲҪȥչˣԸ˴ܹͻƾ磬ɾءҡҡͷ漴ڵ
ոҶʱ԰һͨ
ڴĺϢҶһЦζȻһݣѾһӰȥˡ


360 ս
Ȼ˺һˣҶ漴ѭƽ̵ķԸͼѭŷһ·ط˹ȥ
ǧ֮һĶӰͨʩչȫµһ𵴺Ƶʣ˴ʱշ籩֮Уһ㣬ٵشš
֪˶ãҶһǳҵǺ֮Уֻ֮дҵһųĽ͵شһǳ֮д˳ļӰ׷ظ˹һ׻˹
⼸Ӱݣۻ룬Ȼߣбתܹʱշ籩֮д硣ٶ˿ѷɫͷ
ͷ֮£͵ŤͷһŭſڷװŭһŵĽײ˹ȥȻһپͽ׻ײ˿
Ҷ۾ҵƽ˵ˡ
ƥɱб磬ϾĵͷķƵģһ֮ͣ£漴ͱȺ˰ΧΧ׻ӵ
սʵҲǷǷΧ棬Ҳû̫ĺۼˡ
ƥҲǲֻת֮£㷭ɣһ޺֮£һɼ¡¡ɢ˿
ĵˮһӿȣ֮з·𱻻ƵĲһ㣬ǧؽ֯صѺۣȻǿ֮ʱշ籩شɢ˴롣
ΧȺ˵ΪΪ͵Ҳ߰˲ΪΪߵȴҲѾʮ쾳ΪˣͷȻǼѷɫͷĵҲܲסô˵Χ
ʱˡ
Ҷ̧ȡַ˳ȥ
СһƬɫ쵵ĹӰݺݵʱշ籩֮С
¡һŵʱշ籩СһӾɢ˿תۼɢĸɸɾΧͷĺ˱һ𵴵ĵ˳ȥѪˡ
ƷʱΧս˸һ¡
Ҷ漴һָɫѾסսƥ¡¡س˹
еƥʱһǸо̺Ķ⣬漴Ҳ㣬Ҷɱ˹ҡͷףһ˫ۣͭϸؿҶ
˭Ҷʵ
Ҷ𻰣еСһתУ˸ոƽ̴ݶһѪ顣
Ŷ˵Ϣԭͨеˣͷ̽˴Դᣬ¶ϲɫˣֿҶʴͨɵ˿֮¶˷ĵɫˡ
Ȼ˵ȺΧĺŷӦһȣ׻ҶҺ˹
ҶһЦ̧һָգȻ
ط֮࣬ߣԱ赲
䣡ӭʮˣ赲
ĽɫߺȻӶڶһɹɵĻǱЩӶĽһӴ֮£һˢ˸ɾȻûʣ¡
Ҷ漴̧һָȵߣԱ̣
Ⱥ˵ζʱڿһϢҲˣͱˣ淢˱һ㱻˵ʯ
Բ۾ҶᣬͨɵˣôôĴͨ
ôģҶֵʵͨɵĵôͲͨˣ
ǧǰǱġ޳Ĵˣ˸ǣشŸ𱣻ĸ˹
ԭϹŶһҶЦǺǵ֣ıӣкˡ
ҡһ´ԴĵĻѾԵذѱǶĸŮݸ͸¶˳
Ҷûֱ˵
߿ҶǰһȵͨɵҶƽ֮رǰӭ¡
涸ȻѿһŻɳһѤӰһͷɫڣȸµŮӷ汦ʵȻͨɷˣ
Ů¶֮⣬Ҷ
ŮѾصΪˣϵۻƴˣȻǱֵ̹
Ҷӻö׹ӣ漴ӣһ״˳
ƽԴմͶģ
ŮɫԻҲַ̧ɳһö״öһ֮£зʵ
ʾһ·ˣЩ˸δ
дһŮؽɱ¾߾ˡ
Ҷ˵ͷ˫ֺϱ֮£еĿռ֮Ȼתʮ˷·𱻶֮еһ㡣
գΪƾȱܴôҲ̫ˣ
дһԶʯ˻תۼһֻ˶ʯֻ֣ʯֲȥЩ׽ĺˣͳսץ˹ȥ
˼ƻȴΧκԣĲԡ
ϧȴƫƫҶ
򣡡ҶȻһ֮£һ𵴲ݵű˹ȥ֮д𵴵
漴СݺݵسǴִȥˡ
żֱ͵˼㣬ӰӶ֮гĺۼ龵һľ󣬾ϸСʯҲ𵴳촷ۣԵ쳣͡
꣡һɾ޴𵴲ײ˹ȥ͵ľΧʱշ籩ر˿
ͨѾҶöһʩչԪܹģס
ĶͨúݵСӣԶȻһ쳣ϻˡ
һ޴ƥⲨӰ֮¡
ֻ޴ʯ͵ץ˹𵴲δЩϵʱָһץӲؽЩ˾ץ˳ȥȻһգűϡ
ˣһյĴ죬ֻʯǳֱһ𵴱˿Щʯ𱬳ۣΧյʯɢˡ
ͨѾҶ˼£ݻǿıһ֮󣬷ԲڵķΧڵĿռͬʯ˿
ţгСսҲӰ³һ׾


361 ʱշ籩
ǵӰҵػζһ£һֻ޴̽ӭ
ֻ޴֮ɼƺ̲޾ɽһ½룬һ֮¾ȻҶһͬʱ
ͨ߾硣дһᵭƾһУܹóȻ̳˸õˡ
޴֮Уһ쳣ۻݶˣһӰҶǰ
һڽߵĳۣͷڵվҶǰһˢˢĺʿ
ȻǸصĸ֡Ҷͫ΢΢һ£ޱվԭء
Աߵ˹ֵؿɫƽҶҪ֪޵ǲ֮ľͷһ֮ԶΪǰǿоȻ˿вɵذĵɫǡ
Ϊ׵ĽҲǵΪҲضѣֻǶΧʱշ籩ҡβѡ
ҵ绹ʲô֣ԭҲҲֻǸոõľͷѡһĨ֮ɫصΪ׾ٵǰĸŮô
ҶֶһЦϻ˵ƽ̼ȻǾʹѾʮİա
ðɣǾҿΪ׵ĽӳХһ޴ɢ˿֮еĿռ籩һ㲨ӿ
֮ңߵʱշ籩ҶȻһĨʰ쵵ĹӰУ̧һ
̧һԲǧڵǳȻâһɢ֮ظѹסˣۻƴ֮һʧΧʱշ籩ʱҶ˿ˡӿ糱ʱշ籩߷֮תۼ˼ǴСʯӿһһŵĽɫⲨûܵӰ죬ȫҡβѡ
ЩȻҲлܹʱշ籩άжǱϾҲ޶ȵġҶôһ߷֮£ʱշ籩ʱγһһĻˡ
˴ʧɫû˵æſ䷢һסԱ߱ʱշ籩Ķڶӡ
ʱշ籩֮£һɺֻܹǿվѣ޷סԼΡ
Ҷȴȵվڿռ籩֮УͷϰȻһСɽ״ķɫ⣬ΧĿռ籩ɫâһ֮£ʱƽϢγһټĿնƾΧʱշ籩ͣСϵɫһҫ֮£ʱҲ׷ƽϢ
ʱշ籩֮ضסΣεסԱߵǣһ˫ؿҶ޲ýҶ˸ʳƤ
ȻѾɾ˵صĲҶ𣬼編Զ֮ϵʶԵο⼸
οлһĴɱ칦
̫ۣͨҳ־Ҫȡ޳ɲ֮ĵͷҲԳܲˡ
ԸǰһƾԼи̵ͨȫͿӦˡ
ķвȫʱշ籩֮и޷סΣǶȥ°ɣȻĻҽȫɱҶָɽתݣΧʱշ籩ƽϢ
ɣŭҶ
Ҷ΢΢Цֻ֪֮ǲ뿪ɱѣ̫ˣҪֵĻʮַĲ֮ҷ𣡡
ôôӵɱؿڵҵҪԣҵĲ֮ҷ𣡡
Ҷɫָ֮Ȼһ졣
֮жȻһ͸ڵĳĵûзУһ״Ĳƣһ𵴲Ʋݵһ²һǹΡһɫڣģڳǹ
˵ɫȫŤˣѰ֮Ǵи̵ͨ߾̬֮ˡ
ǧޱߵɱ¾֮
ʱշ籩֮жԵر˲١
ӵԵس鴤ͫҲˡ
ǧǧ֮ƷĴȻ۷ľ̬
ҵиͱͨѾߵľ磬и֮У֮򣬴̵˲ɱǹȫ޵ʱշ籩һɱҪԣ㣡
Ҷһ쳹⡣
˵תݣΧնѾŤ˿
ӵɫൽ˼㣬ҶƥЩٶӣ˶ıǿ˶ݺݵ
ͷսƷĵսѾȫ൱һһľͷˣƽ̵ķĸŮΪˡ
Ҷŵתţ赭дص㻹ǻȥɣһͨûʩչأԺ˵һҲ㣬ƽǧǰȷǵһصΪҼҵƽȴѾǵػ춴ӦøеңӦңƽ̡
ӵһɫ䣡أΪֱͬԼԴˡ
ڣ˼ߺ޵ؿҶһۣ漴ͺ޺޵һ˦ӣתͳȥ
ÿռҶȴǡǡͨи̵Щռͨ˳֮£սѾǲԶˡ
οµĵȫΧʱշ籩γɵĵǳĲķʩչĶȥƳԿĿ϶ˡ
ʱշ籩Ĳؼڵˮ֮תתĹ֮оȶסʱշ籩γ˿ռ䡣


362 ǧط
ҶסҶ˷ˡ
һɫⲨɢΧӿʱշ籩ʱѹסˣƽϢָ˾ˮ̬
Ϻͣתǿ֮ӿʱշ籩ܳȹԳһ磬ͻ𲽵ʱշ籩һ֮С
û֮κεһķᱻʱշ籩ʴ˺ƬŻɾһأŻ
ʱշ籩֮˿ռʱ䣬ȴֱ֮ƣô档
뷽跨ֹƬʱշ籩ʱֻӦ֮£Χļ⣬ʱЩϵͻᱻ
Ҷ³һƬƣгԱĬĬطšͷξ޴˸һǣֻڴֵӣ˶Դ˦˴ǰһ·
˹ҲսһƷĵó֮⣬Ҳ˸Ӹͨ
渽һЩҶܹظӦͨɵĵͶӰɴ˿ɼˣͨɵƽӦú⳵ϵŮӹϵŷǳĲһˡ
Ǹ˹мƵòУҶѾԼ²⵽˳ˡ
ҶıֳǫģҲҶҲٲûʲôǺˡ
ҲǵƽòƶĸŮǸɳʲô˹ߣʼˣһǷǮıˡ
һ·Ҳ˰ɡҶȡһֻƤ«ݸ첨ҺƣڻָЧɷ
ޱؽ˹˹˵غһ漴˳ڣҲһЩɡ
֮ŮĬޱ飬̽һֻ˰֣˹
ĸŮĮҶЦЦûֻǼԱߣƥ졣
֪ԼѾͻƵصΪƥеĵͱˣԼ¼
ǧǰˮ֮Ѱҵһ֮ǶѣѪŵرں϶սʱڸˣΪߣ֪˶ٴε׷ɱȴѾǵصΪˣ
һ˵ͻ˰صҲɡ
ںڰ֮зţĬ֮󣬳֮еŮڿˡ
ƽ̣ȻֻôһĵӦôдһ嵭ƺŲ
ֻǾǵλѡҶƽ´֮ΪҪǵ񾳣ɳеǰȥѰݹͻ̵ˣʵҲֻǼ洫ܹƽľͷȻ֧ƽ̣ƽҪȹ̺ǵĹϵô޼ɵȥʹ
ƽ̵ʵںҡеص
ƽ̵ĵкܶ࣬޽֮иҲ̫࣬ȻѾ´ҸΪƽ̻ΪǿǵġҶЦЦ
ӵ޵еҪԿͳҲһܳ顣Ҷƽ̵ǵλãûλ̫ϳϻܵļӵŵر֧֣ƽҲֵزˣǿӦͬ޴Ρ
Цӵ޵еô
ҶĬȻƬ̣ɫƽض˶ޣ̾ϢػԼˣ۶ԶģÿһǼѪսһһǿĵˣҲ޿κεˡ
֮³һˣƱ硣
ĳ֮ԱһЩ
սٶȷǳĿ죬ʱշ籩֮зɴţһĲõӰ
ֻǷ˼켸ҹ֮սѾ䵽޽֮Уֱͨɡ
ʱ˿̵ƽѾǿ֮зˣø˸š
ˣһ֮̾ͻȥǿ֮вͣش˷ܵǣš
ˣЩôģȻô죡صĻ춴ԯӡԺҲܹˣ
ԯӡЩˡЦĴԴʱ䣬Ҿͽ¼һٶһΡ
ٺ٣⻹࣬Щ갰ǰĸĵذ˴Դ˸ǣٺٹЦҰĸСˡ㲻ʹҪҶӵ㲹䰡
ĺˡʧЦҡҡͷĴԴ
Ťһ³ᣬֻһѿһŻˣӰŻ֮˳
һĨϲ֮ɫ
գǧδݴ㲻΢Ц
Уȴһ飬ȻѾǻ춴ľͷ뵽Ƨ֮صŮô
Ҷ֮Եһ˿Թζ
ӾиˡҶɫһ񣬵ԯӡĪ絽ҵĹǰϢһɡ
ţ˷ѾǶˣȥɡ˻ָҲȥˡ
Ҷתǣԯĳͣȥ۾ȴĿתؿ

ҶصԼĵ֮У漴ͽԯ֮УָһѵĴʥˮ
ԯӡ˴ʥˮ֮У쳣ĳˡ
ŵĺڰǽεػ
ڹ֮УвŵĵĦűϵͼ֣ϸؽŲ
Ҷ뿪ʱ´֮еĵڹִµӵ֮£ι۹㣬߰˾Ų㣬ǽֹѰڡ
û뵽ʱȻ;ۼôӡ
Ҷ˹߲֮УոĵڣſڼһӰˣˡ
ݼƽ̡˹°ݵȻ˻֡
üĿŮӿ˹衣
ţѾˣҶģʵ


363 ޶Թ
Ҷͷһ¡
ÿˣȻѾɾΪôʮ꣬ɾѾǰ϶ˡҶһ漴˵ͷȻˣҲسʱҵĹ֮Уؾ֮תתǡ
ǣҲǸոմʦֵڵͼ֮ͻƵľ硣óϷصʦѧˣ򵥵һȻش⣬ʦ
ǺǣʵǴţСȴ󰡡ҶЦҡҡͷָ̧ǽϵ׵ͼص̻ģҲֻҵһ֮ԶѣֻǸӣȻѾ򣬾Ҫؾȥټҵ伮ǣ࿪һԼ˼·۽磬ľԽ󣬳ɾ;ǲ;ڣҲֻǸӰˡ
лʦֵָ㣬ʦˡ˹ޱȹصֻʦ֣ڸող𾳣ʦֻʲôҪûУ
ɾ𾳣вɷκǿʵҩǸǵĵҩҶڵصΪ˳ɾʥǺǳǣȻҳɾʥ֮죬ҲڶɽٵʱʮҲֹ˵ɾ֮ҷѰӸǿ̱Ͼ̫գʵǵòʧ
ˡ˵ͷлʦָ㡣
ҶָᵯһǣһǱ֮£һֻͭʵصͻأس˵֮У˹ˡ
ɽٵʱ֣ʮֵͻȻɽٵʱ򣬷ֹ˶㶯֡
˴ϲֽ˹лʦִ裡
˾ͺãźµִºȥɽٰɣЩˡҶ˵ָص
Ӹˡæȥˡ
֮жʱһƬڰ֮С
Ҷ漴гٻƣԯӡٻͶǻ˼ǧϼһˣ˴˼ĵúͶ
Ҷĵ֮׭̶µͼ˳ȥеŵĵﲻظιоʹǵƿͻƵĺܿ죬֮оͶҶһָɽֹĳ羴
ƾЩͼҶһͨ󣬸ĪĸоصĸоȴԶԶԽ洫ˡ

֮ͨУտף£Ҳֻһھۼһɡ
ĬȻԭأȫԸתֻͷϵ֮ԼлҰɫظ֮ϣڲͣ͸˽ȥԵüݣ̺һɴתζˡ
վһԣԹԳδıĸףΪĸ˻
һԵָſǧ˿ƵȫѨ֮С
ôĵҩ˭㣿üͷһʵĻɫ
ؿһۣɫĮȻ
ɻɫ·һ㣬ͣʴԪȻǵصĲ֮ϵԪҲֻܹЩɫĸʴ£ܹȫĻȥ
˵еĲ֮Ĳֻܹ֫ѣܹ֮϶ɣ޵֮кܶͨ͵ܹƵ֮Ҷıи̵ֻͨҪ߾ı̬֮һ׵Ƶ֮
ϴεˮǲ֮ĴɱǬֵصĸ˶ӽ
ƽһŭΧĿռ֮жʱ溮̹
صô㻹ұ𲻳ɣ
գ㿴㣬ˡɷЦһ漴ַһкȻһСһĻ춴
ָһ֮£ɻɫѾץ˳һֻɫĵ衣
ȫͣزţʹһҰܵɫ漴ָ˹ͷϵµһ֮ٴλָ˴ɫģˡ
ȻѾǵز֮ǿߵɵס總֮ҵľ綾ȻƾÿµˢֲģҲֻƲٶ񻯶ѣܹ׻⡣
δͻƵʱƽֶػķѺܶм赭дᡣ
Ķ˿飬صҲã㲻ȥô׵ظұġ
֮ɴŨŨԹ
һ漴̾գ֪жԹֺαˣ뿪ĸŮ֮󣬼Ǿȫûһصǿеʱʱշ籩Щɥ󷵻صУָʦ֮ΣķǴѹԹܹ⡣
ôԹȦһ죬漴صҪΪ˻˶ķϣԸҲĺ
תס˵֣̾Ϣ޴Σղ϶٣ͻ˶ҲãѾɾͰػ춴ΪȻ̫ǿҲܹĸŮˡ
һǧˣ뿪ĸŮһǧʱˡŭѵĸŮİΣȲƽ̵λã
գ˵ˣ˭ڼ磬ôȻ֮ߣȴһֱһֱڵȴô粻̾Ϣҵ뿪ôãʵ̫಻ѵĿԣϵҲѹ͸λҲãеʱദˣ߰ɣ˶ҵɣʱҲɵˣרİͻƼ㾳ˡ
Աߵʹš
ߡɫһһת߽˴ȥˡ


364 ռ
ǺϿ֮Уһ޴⻮ǿ֮У˿쭽СǶ𵴵ĵתš
һƬ˷Ǻеλá
̫ɸڷǺõƬ֮Уڰɽ֮Уֺƴ¾ɣȻԴ֮ȴһɵ߹Ϣ
ѣݷá翪ڳХ
жʱһŻһ˶Ĺתۼ쵽Ľ£Χ컨ͷ
糤ŵһ˴վһصɹãֳַǱˣǾɹá
ɴƮߡ
ǰɹԳӭˡ
ɹ΢Ц֣пյˣλǡ
漴Ϳߵպˡ
Ŷ֣λɹΪϣؿĵˣɹȻЦ
ǣӦö˰ɣ΢Ц
λɹҲǵصΪڵķǺҲǳʺϢЦ弴֣ǺһƬ벻ɹõºˣҲУ䵱ɳϡ
ɹصλɹõĹϵͦеġ
Ǻǣ޵֮;ɹϹϵľͷ֪жأɹòǵͷиա֣ЦҲմ˽⣬ź;ɹ˽飬ս֮£Ҳ˰ɡ
յС˼һۿƣ漴΢΢һ죬漴ռʲô⣿ѲҶǾɹõĶӲɣ
ǺǣҶȻǾɹõĶӣҪȶӸСЦɹõͽȴҶĵ£ͨɵĹϵΪС
˵зһ˿ɫ
պؿһԱɫ΢¶ȵҶ¶Ȼ֮ɫ
ɴƮ΢΢ˡ
ǰǺΪԶ
Ҷ֮⣬̶յʱɹúյĹϵദʮǢˣѾ˷صѾ˾ɹõ£Ϊ˾ɹõĵմӡ
ɹҪиǿԼʵƽҲҪְ취ľ룬ռ˰ɸ֮С
ɸԼ飬ҲжʶϣԼԸĻǾɹҲö
Ұɸʵǿɾֵģ˾ܹռݵ˵ġ
ɸ˷ӡǧ֮Сľɹãһ𳤴󣬰ɸҲ;ɹõĹϵôˡ
ɴƮ嶼ճƺƺΪʦ壬ƺΪʦá
Ȼؼһܹʱפɸ֮Уľƿа
ϾĸŮҲ뷽跨ΪıȡЩġ
ԴҶҲɵ̾һ䣬ϼһϾϼһֶξϼ޻ʱ򣬾ɹÿǿİͻ˵ڰػ춴ΪģԿһ飬羹Ȼֶ㶨˫߹ϵɹعϵ֮ƽҲ˳زָ氵ɸˡ
ֻҶЩǸСӣĻƺЩȻδܹȵɴƮ塣
ĻòˣҪôභȥֻҲԲɴƮĶˡҶȨһ֮漴
޵֮Щɷ棬Ҫ˼ɵġ

ͨɵĵ֮С
ҶȶԼĵֳǵĹ󣬲ͣԼת
ͨŵǱã򣡵ض˻򣡡
ҶͷϺȻһ⣬һһҹҫ˷ɢһҫķ
ռ֮пʼ
߸ϵ֮ǳƣеǳ֮ȴֲѾεЩƻáȴֲɽ𢣬ɽ󺣺
мȴ˷˵ħ󣬻ìꡢֱ֮֡ת˱֮
Щ˷˵ħܹаʮһ
ЩûɵıʵҶͨɵ߾ʱγɵռ̬
ռ̬ҪٽһǾ͵ʿԡһ塣
ֻѶҪȴͻظǧٱҲֹЩͨ
ҵռǾ߱ĳˡҶԼͷϵƮ
ֻнԼľԪתΪȻ׺϶ΪһܹɾĲ֮
ͨԪȻնϣԪܹ
Ȼ̧һţͷɫħˡ
еγɵħ
ħĳ̶ֳ˵Ѿӵˣ൱ڲʿԪѾʮԣǴı
ͬıѾռ̬ޣҪͻռ̬ٽһ͵ͬħһ㣬ӵԣҲתħ̬
ЩʵӶᵽ˲ٵͨԼ֮ڣڵҲֻǾ߱˳Σûгơ
ֻгˣܹɾͲ֮
ҶȻоü
һļµĸоȻӿͷ͵վңңԶ֮
ظоڤڤ֮Уƺʲôڼеغĵ
ĿȶָͷƬ֮üͷ͵ҲˣҿڰƵģҵҵϢⶫٻң
Ҷ漴ǿ֮зȥˡ


365 
ĵ֮УٻͺԯӡΧһ죬Ҷ˹漴վˡ
Ҷٻ͵ٻͣҪ£һߣԯӡɡ
ҲҪȥҲҪȥԯӡµһûмʶأøǽ֡
ԯӡɷ˵ȻˣһƥâҶ˽ȥˡ
ҶΣԯӡʱ㣬ǿ֮ⱼܶȥˡ
ٶȼݣҶĶݹ⻹Ҫ˼֣ƽʱͶ߽ģרӦǿսܹʱշ籩֮дȥ
ѭĴݸѶϢҶһ·ֱֱط˹ȥˡ
ΧӻѾȾѪԵ쳣壬ɢһȦɫȦգΧϺɫ壬Щ׾űۣͷǣ״ŹȴԴһϵĸ߹Ϣ
ΧʯӴķĴҷײ
Ǻ֮ŭߵһŮֵΧĹ
Χʮͷ壬һ󣬽棬ͣط˷ǡ
ϵһȻҲǵģһɫȻ裬Χķ˿
ڷΧʱȻһڹ⣬һںڵС׼˼ߡ
ͨͻȻ˹ʴֲ֮£Ȼıͨ˳ȥ
űըķʮֵȱ£Ȼ䵽֮䣬ǶıȴѼλʸʵʵغըˡ
һΪʴֲ֮£ըѳѪƬ
ҶֱֳѾ˳֮£ľӣ⼸ʱҶһ͵Ϯʹ⽴
ģΪ׵һͷȻΪѾؾˣѾ˶Ϊ
ŭһתŭ͵Ϯߡ
ԼըѳһȱˣæһǸŮ͵شȱ֮гɱ˳ˣ漴ӽסʡ
ҪܣƵǧ˿ƣ
Ҫɱͷصŭˣ̧һ֮£кȻ˸OO@@Ĵ˿ǧ˿ƵĹεס
ᣡۿ𲽿ͷ֮ҶȻ¶һĨЦˣָ涸Ȼһɫ𵴵Ĺ
ţͨͷصʺ⣬һЦҶı֮ͷʾȻſҵһ
ǰкȻһ˶ĺڶתŵĹߣ·ʱĹһ㡣
ֻȻþôȥ
и֮УҶͷϳ亹ˣæһֵָһǻնһ״ĺɫ⵶˿
СӣǧȻ˼ޣɲʵĶ֣ɣͷЦĸӳˣſһݵҲȥ
һͲţʲộҶжһâͷиߵʱȻӱȻһ޸
ȫһͷҵ˹ȥ

ͷʾУһ˲ͱҶͷŵ꣡
칦񸫣ľѧôᣡѽѽѽ
ͷʲҽУ֮ѵѪƬ
칦ƻ磡Ҷ糵һ㣬о޸תɣһɲǼǧپ޸ͷ˶Ƭ
ſռ֮;޴ѪƬʼұ˿
ٻ͡ԷڤĴ׷ţЩѪ̺֮İ޴
Ĵ鶼ǸҶˣڲ׽սռ˵Ļյ׼ȷļɵ©ԪʼţʵѪ⾡طӡȴζ޷ѳˡ
ٻͺԷ˺ڰ˫ḥ̂סͷʵ֯
ѪȼգҶ̧һָʵѪ⿪ʼȼһһɺɫĻ濪ʼ֮С
̣̣̣ҶͷһѪɫĻ治ͣȼѪݡ
ʮ㣬൱𾳽磬ֻǶɽٵһ̣ɲȥǾͻ᳹׵ˡ
ߣԱԭҶۺȻˣյһ㡣
ü֮һɫţȻƵ˹ȥֱֱزѪ̶֮С
Ѫ̶֮ȴ洫˷ʵķŭҺһһޱȵķͼȻȻ˳ЩѭҶͨ𲽵ػԭһһ˶ޱȵķͼ
ʱ˿̣ʸ޷ԼеĿ־ˡ
û뵽ҶȻܹؽڵͨ˳
ҪĵڣѪ֮еصͨķȴسȡ˳
ֻĹ򣬷ڵͨˣʣԼӴԼĿռ䶼޷֧ˡ
ܹһٶͨҶԭȻӶ˻˳γһͶӰ
Ҷ漴̧һգٻͺԷԯӡ۾ͬʱŹˣͬʱתۼͽͷʵѪϷ˸ɸɾˡ
ֻǵľͷȻֻǵ죡̶ֳܹҲǲˡҶӦڱʮķдϲ
Ҷ³һ
һƬϺɫϢͣۻҶϿʼɢһϸ͵Ĺһϸ߻ڡ
֮ͨҶΪǡκͨŵУᱻͨܳ
һͷͬʱһͷ꣬Ѫշ
Ҷǰһʵ
ҶȻ㣡Ϣһ漴ĨõϵѪһ۾ͿҶϲصðҲ˵ľͷ
£ǵһضѣȴǱȲõҶվǰôģ
µʱδԭϵǹӵܵϢѾʾȡ֮ȴһɰԺѪ֮Ȼʱ䲻֪˶ٴεɱ¾
ɵؿЦһ漴ҡͷڵݵλΪٽҵҲˣǻֵưɣΪλģ
˵ЦһǱȺġ
壿Ҷоâû˵ʲôˣô
Ѿ׻ˣѾѪˣ͸һɱŭǼǧĻҵôˣ
ˣҶжʱһȻʵ


366 ַ
ʱѪ죬ŭһ֮ǻ崳ҵñͨҵĹۡȫ˸ɸɾ
Ҷһʱ䳹ˣԭʱЩõǣԶԣֻĬȻ
Ȧһ죬ҧгݵصҶһҪңôĽǱǰɱǧģ˳𲻱кĿ
Ҷҡͷ֣²ɼˣôӳһ
ˣҶ֡ǿѹŭ𣬵˵ͷˣһû㣬㵽һɵġ
Ҷһµʵ֣Ҿͨɵ洫ӡ
ͨɣϲðҴ˴ǰǵ۱µҪݼһ¹ɵ⡣
˵Щεصֻʱ䱻׷ɱ̫ãŲ·֮Ҳƫ˵طҶּЦˡ
Ǻãͨͨ˽һ¹ϢϡҶڵ֪Ƿܹһ
û⣡̧һӣ֮һͼᣬŵ֮С
ǾͶлˡҶ˹֮Եɨһ漴ǿմŲе϶ݷص֮ͨС
ԥһ£漴ͿʵˣҶ֣һ֪ʲôΪ
ҶһĨЦ⣬ͨɵƽǵػ춴Ϊˡ
ߵṆ̀кȻһĨ
ΪͷˣŵؿҶЩڳԵص⡭ôܣǴǹǻ˵ϴµҲֻǵصĽɵȻǵصΪ⡭
ҶЦǺǣûʲô˵ģǵأмλ˵صĳϣĶڵ֮䡣
޵ѹְҼǵ۱Ҫڹɡ
ҶŸ첲ЦǺǵص޽ܹ֮λصľͷҼƽ֮⣬̫ϳҲǵصľͷһλɹøոս޽粻ãҲǰصľͷ
һָ߶˵ѹǹһֱҪ󱣳źǵѺڵĹϵ
ħǴפɽʱһսѾǳԶˡмصôһ˭ԸǺ
ˣλǡ
ŮⲨ漴ǰһҶˡ
ҵһ̣ù漴ͷǸϽȥɡ
Ҷü֮кȻſһۣɫؿһŮӡ
ոᵽƽΪʱ漴ʹŮӵ޵طֵ֮޲
ƾͨǿƵģƾľ񽫽һ֮£ŮӵѾȫչֳˣֻòޣͷϺڳֻǴͷ˳ʮһı̣𲢴òԵü
ҶԼĿת˼ޣŮӵԭ͡
ԭˡôһĿߣѹûܹӹ׷ɱҶ΢΢˵ͷ
Ƭ̣Ѿ˼ƽϣ漴˳Ǻλ÷ȥˡ
һ߷ɶ֮£һĵ׭дһȻش͸ھɸ֮еľɹá
ⱳٶʮͬСɣҲصΪƾƽ̺ɹֻܹǣҪ׽ȴǧѡ
ֻܹ壬ǽɹõɸá
漴׷ʮӰ
ʮӰ쳣Ŀ޴ͷĹǽǺۼףԵ쳣ɲ
Ҷһطţһо˱Ĵ˿ֲϢ
أȻоǰԶŨŨľϢϲ
ɫһǿķôоĸо
ǰ治ԶͨɵĵˡҶ̧ۿԶģڵ
ǰһƬֲָĺڰֵʵͨɲ޴ô
ǺǣֻһԺˣһŲƴ󡣡ҶЦֻҪİĻֻҪȥ֮󣬾ûܹˡ
Ȼ漴˵ͷ
߰ɣ
ʱ˿̣ǺΧһǳ棬վӰ
ɹɫأŰɸһŰɫƹתɸ֮еɫĹİĻ
֮󣬺ʮҲβˣԥһ֮Ҳ漴Ļ֮ˣתۼͱϯ˽ȥҲκӰˡ
һ׳յŮˣҶЦһΧٿȻһټĿն
漴ץһǸŮˣȻ͵ȥˡ
Ҷ֣⵽ô£ΪʲôҪݳ
ΪʲôҪߺߣܿͻ֪ˡҶЦһļϸѵôã㻹ûп
ļϸסˣضǰɫĻҡͷܣҷų
һǲͻ֪ˡҶŸ첲صҲ¸㣬ովڱʮλʾĸ֣
ʮλʾĸ֡׹һ㣬
Ĭ˰ΣȻصڲŷ֣ҸҶûа취Ȱ
˵ʵ֣ĵȻѾĲˣľûĥµۻľءҶЦһ˵Ĺ͵жඥɣۼľΪȴҪصɱٲܹĥ¶ɡ
ҡҡͷЦһ
Ļĺ棬ʮǰغӰ˹ǰİ֮ڵǵߣɱǵ٣۲ӣֻܹƾźǸŮһᰵʾܹ𲽸˹
ʮλʣΪߵѾǵأ͵Ҳǵأ
кһƬɫĻ·ɫѾһ㣬еĹ߽Ա
ʮظоʧȥϵǰһƬŨļĺڰֲָ
ǸоֲǣڵƺҲŨɫİϢȾˡ
ãǱˣʲôʮʷ쳣ŭǼ
ƬŨīĺڰ֮УȻһĵ⣬ɸ֮д¡¡֮ȻһŻӿתۼȻը˿ˮӿХתۼϯɸȫĿռṹ
ʮʳ׵ʱ쳣ŭŭˡƾεƴ޷ŨļİĻˡ


367 ƽ̼
ͷǰޱ޼ʵĺڰ֮Դ֮УǸоԼ·һ̶֮һ㣬ΧƾηκηܹգռͨҲ޷𵴿ޱ޼ʵİĻ
밵Ļ֮УͨͷѾԴԴϵʳ
ʱɹٿȻɸ֮
Ϊ׵ļͷϺȻһ̵ƣǿ彥ήͷ˵ǰתۼʹת˥ϵḶ́Ȼ˳׵֮С
ɸĻܹ
ҶǰİĻһֻ֣
еǰһƬĿĹ۾һɹѾվԼǰˡ
Сӣǻ鷳ɹÿһۣ漴ҡҡͷ
Ȼ֣ȴһ˿ϲʮڵķռ߰˸ľͷǵڻвٵľƷĵһȡҲһǰδеľ޴Ƹ
ҪǴ⼸ϻ˲׵ϴͨڽľͻƸǴаġ
ɹ漴̧һ֮£ͷʵϺȻѿһӣžӨ͸龧ҶС
ûȥƽ̰ɡ
Ҷ˵ͷûƴǣɹΪ˳ƽ̰ͻƿ飬弴٣֮ҪװװɵʵǺ֮оԶǲ̫ġ
һԵȴǲŭӵɫЩ޷ԼŮǸϸ
һŮ㲻ʲôŮԼߴôãԼûз⣬ǱҶ⣬Щ
£ĸȰǸŮӵɡҶһԱ
ˣлǰȣŮӾͽǰˡޱɹһתҶͳԶȥ
Ҷεɹһ񣬷ɿظ˹ȥ
ڶ֮Ҷ漴ص֮ͨУݼƽȥˡ
õϢ֮ƽ̣漴֮еĸ߶ȫ˳
ͨɵϿգԪܵ˶ʮλؾͷӰ죬ûĺ¥ɽƺĳһһ֣˷
Щ಻סˣվ˳ƽ̣ҶС˵һӵܣòôİɣ
ܹĸļӣ˵ѾͻƽˣɽеɶԻͷ䲻ͬҪô෱̽ؼҪɵĸ߶˵ʵڡ縺ֶһЦȻΪߣȷʵǹҪȷǵʵܹ¶ġ
һΪɺɼءҶйһ漴ͷһ񣺡Ӱݼƽ̡
˾ͺá΢΢һЦ̧һѣλ˰ɣ
ǰ͡ǰˡʱһеڳԣǰľͷϣƽ̡
ƽ̻ϢֱͬɲĺǱһ㣬˿ףͷֵĻ춴УȫеͨЩȥһ㡣
ָоԼҵǵ϶ûио
Ѿ˳ʱİһҡͷ˵޽֮УֻһҶ󣬶ֻʦǻ춴Ϊ벻ͨƽҲΪ
һ˵ĵʵػ춴ΪԼҴǹ޺ҲʱصΪǰƽ̾Ȼǵأ
֮м߶˵磬ʱ˳ʱĿԴ󣬱üǫ
ƽµļλͷϣǵصΪ͵ҲѾǵصΪ
Ǵǹ֮еĸ߶˳ΪȻҲǵľͷǸλȴǲԶˡǫ
ǺǺǣѲ˾񡣡΢΢һЦ漴ͷɴǹ˵ǧǰһ˹е̫й֮гԹһƣ̫˽̸
ǣ̫ʦһιǺÿ͡
ɫƽ˼Ƭ̵Ŷô˴ιɵ˼ǡ
˴Ǵǹʵʧ˲ٵĵӣǰûʧλľͷϣڵ˴ǰһҪǰѯһ¹ϢǣһҺĹϵ
һĨʵΣ
ƽ̿ǹ˵ĻǴǹԸһִΣ
Χĵͷĳһ֮£ǵΪҲȻˡ
ӵʮ̵ֿģÿһ֮ΧҪʮŵĺǲ棬ǵ֮£ʹѵʯǼɣʱţȻγĹ֮У𲽽Χˮ֮ѹڲܹ֮˴ӡ
һ̲֮صĴʥˮ㹻һһʱˡ
ϣƽȴҡҡͷҲ̸ҾȸϢѣʵ㣬޴زûгܴģֻ֣ԼǵûѣЩֻһЩ̽ӣ˴ѾʮǰˣǴ˴ƶµսԣǴǹȻԴΪأ֮Ŷѡ
ɫ΢΢رˣ竣ɵҲóе֮ˣĿĿҪնݳ
ʮǰǹ˵ǻһСɵ壬ȴãڵͷ˴룬ʧǹڵҲĲᣬķʱ޲ˡ
ѣȥǵһΣ
˼Ƭ̣漴̧ͷصǵ۱Ѿ˴κˣѾȫȨ𡣡
ãҾֱ˵ˡ絭һЦСΪ޴˵ܹܲǧŰٰʮӣȫҪʱ޸ǣΪ˵Դ⣬Ǵǹ˸档
˻ڳеĵͷǶʵʵصһ
ƽһõĿɹݵġ
ڣѾ£漴ЦģƬ򲢲ͨһɶģ˴һҪ£ɣˡ
ɫ粻漴ҧã¾ôˣһжƽˣ
΢΢һЦ漴˰ȥϢȥˡ
˰ΣȷǷǳķʣɵĵһ̲ȥġ
ϡָᵯڵ
Ա߳һµĳϣɫ˸磬ڵƽкηԸ


368 ڻҺ֢
飬ܵɢպ֮Сߵһ棬һָ֮ﶼа׮ġ
ƽ̺֪꣬˼漴ͷ
Ϣɢ˳ȥ֮ѾõϢ֮ˮ졢ƺ졢ˮպĴɵľͷһʱ䣬һѷض׷׸ˣͣ̽粻̲شǰڶͷǰĿ֮ЩǶû˵׷Ҫ˹ͬϷĺô
˵ʵ鲢ûȫ˵˹ؿڵǹѡĶ죬ϴħһս֮ЩɢǶıȴǼ΢ʣԴǹ˶ͨɣ˵ʵôһƬǵһ֮פЩǿˡ
˵ͣͲˣԱߵĴɵĳ϶¶ϲɫˡ޲ϣؿ
Ȳص֣ܹͨʹǹͨõĻЩ˶հǾͳˣΪ
¶һ˿΢ЦǹȷϢ֮˵ɡ
֮ѾǴӦˡ
ƾһȡ֮ܿƽ̺ˡ
ԺôĿŵĶ̣ɶǸŭԣͨɿɾûˣԾóôҷ£ˣһԿƵ졣
һƬǿգԼҲȫԲ£ԾͶóвƴһ鷢
ĺôѾ̵ԼôԼҲˡ
ֱ⼸ɸ׳Լѹ׵ķɱ֮˹شӦ˽˵ˡ
һλȻΪߵƽ̵֮ˡ
ˮ졢ƺ졢ˮպͨɽˣͬ壬ҹϷ֮һǧٰʮӡ

ƽܹ̽ĵؿʼæڽ˵ʱҶ䵱򵼣޽֮Ĵι
ھɫ֮ĵûκεȤ彻֮£֪ԼĲ֮󣬲ϵҶ̡
ҶҲûжԼĵþ˳
֣պ޴ʮɫ֮һҶָպ
ЩĲɣԶĺ棬漴ҡͷǴǹ򣬶ھɫ֮඼ûж¹˼
߰ɣڲȥҶһļЦ
𲽷պȻһ
һɾ޴ķѾסҶҶɫ΢䣬æס̧һգһ˱Ѿ֮С
һԽˣҶֶҪҶԼˡ
֮кȻѿһտɫѺۣŻ֮߳һˣɫ񵭵ؿˡ
ϵɫϣžͼ
ԭƽ̣񡣡ҶЦ漴ǰһһ
񳤻ɨԱߵһЦҶ漴΢ЦԭҶֶС֣Ǻǣ˴ǰΪ˼ѣҪҪѵ̸̸֪
üͷһĨм֮⡣
ȻˣҶĳһرһˡҶ漴ļҿģɽ磬û˵Ұɽ˵˺
ҶЦһתһƬƲʣԱȻطȥˡ
񳤻ȴЩģһ֮󣬽Ҷεظˡ
漴̧һΧ·ɾһ㣬ƾճ˼žӨ͸ĺ񰸡
ԱͯˣŲ輸յ
ЦһȻɵʮ֮һĵһɣƾͷҲǱ֮бȲ˵ġ
ǲˡ˰ֵƽ̣лֱ˵ɡ
񳤻εһЦ漴Ϳڵۼ޽֮еʵ̣쿰Ƶ֮ĵһΪιԶأ
˵֮вһ˿֮ɫ
һۣ漴ҡͷ֮ɵ˵ڻңѾ£ǹеĳ϶Ѿ֪ˣܴӦǹڳҲܴӦ
񳤻һ漴ŭִҥԣһΪɵʮ֮һִɵţҲ˵⣬Ѻαţ
ҥˣеܲ޳ܾͷˣһ۵ƽ̣Ӧÿɲҥ԰ɣħǴֵʱǴǹ֮пɳɳǰսģڵоʵʧһж׶ţѵҲҪôһ߶֪ȫŵĵǶˣɴ˿ɼЩֱ߲ǡ
˵ûټ˵ȥЩ˵һ㹻ˣ񳤻һļҪˡ
ѣ֮һǶڹεģŵЩ϶֪ģԡ񳤻ֵҲ֪пӵġ
ƽ̣Сһ˵ʵǴǹҲȱʮǰǴǹȴǼˣһ˵һúܴ󣬵ʤĲ
񳤻Զˡ
ˣϣǲҪ˵ˡҡͷϻǲҪ׷ĻˣлĻ´ٺҲ٣˵ڻȥ֮ƽʾһٺ͹һ໥ˡ
֮еңǸһЩ棬ûа泹׹оϾҲǸľͷԼ߳ȼء
ҶҲţ̫ϳδܹʲôϴζѾһѣһؿ϶Ҳ벻ʲô⡣
񳤻ɫʱʮΣ֧֧һ仰Ҳ˵ˡ
գֻջ񳤻ѡ
ҶƵشһ˹ŭƽһˣдˬ졣
ʵһʼѾ֪񳤻ǲܻ˵öǹģϾǰƵҪ¸ȴǼѡ
ȷѾǿˡ
ϴħħ֮еħħԽʱշ籩޽֮кɵʮڵŵĵһ춯صĶսѾΧеĴСϳɵܹ֪֮ˡ
ɵЩѾȫ§ˣȻδǸ߲˼Ȼֻǵ˵޴˴ôķ˼ȥָ߲̽˵˵һǧһУѾǿʿǵһӰˡ
Ҳζû뵽һ£Ȼ֮еӰֵز
Ѿ񾳵û뵽


369 ǹ֮
ħһս֮ǽ岻ǿն֪ɵЩ£ˣΣʵǿһκɶ
ɵʮһǳǸӼģǿյʿǶͨŵӲܹ˽ɵ磬ϴħǵһս֮ǡһǧѷľûᣬͨץסᣬɹؽԼԶͬҲûץסԶ
϶ԣûĸɻԸԳΪ˺ޱȾĲƸԴ
ҲֻܸɿɵͬʱˣȻʼϷǿյǧĴӡ
ǧӵ֧֮£Ųʱڣŵʵܹݲٹϰʱ䣬ŵʵܹ֮ˡ
ܣϵļѵĴ񹬡طɡɡýȻʵһֱûи۲ǿ϶۲ġ
֮һ£֮нഫ˸洫ͻƿϢˡ
ĴҲѾЩ಻סˡ
ǹڵһն˹֮£ɵʮѾ׸ķѿˡ
Ҳѹ֣һᶼǱ޵ҫкǿʵиɱˣǲмȥоıԣҲȥհԶʲô
ڲ񳤻쳤̾һô͹ϵǸ˵λá

ͨСɽ֮ơ
꣡
кȻѿһ⣬γһټŻһƮƮش̤˳쳤һ
ֳôԶĵдҶҶ漴ƮƮط˹ˡ
պз֮Ҳûˣļս֮Ѿĥϵĸ֮֮ͨз֮Ϳƽָƿʱһֱڹڣƽ̴ڴ
ͨɵСɽ֮УƽԴ
Ǵͨڴ㣬Ȼ벻֮ȴû޳Լ
õƽ̵Ľ֮õһӰȭͨĴڣֽץļͷʵ򳹵׷Ŀռ֮У˲ʹײ͸˶컯򣬳ɹӵԼ
֮ȴѾ̤˵صĶ쾳ƽ̸ıꡣ
ҶԴ˵ûʲôϾѾǵͷֻǶڵ㣬ʱһڳԸӣ¶ڽΪӰ졣
ҶɫʵֿǳɾͶˣ
һЦȻ̧һָҶǰȻһڣֻгǵĹâԼһ˲·Ǻеһ㣬˻磬һһתϨǺӵĻƸݡ
ϲ֣޳ԼĿռˡҶ
صǺǣǹƽ̽ͷʵƬ˲ں֮£ҲҶֺβȥƽ̣
ҶҡͷʧЦ֪̲һҪͻƿǵýЩͻúõںΪһУ˵ˣҵеĻһ棬ֻݵһͷȲˣȻˣֺαز֮
һ漴յҶ˵ҲˣЩˡ
ҶǺǣ٣ЩļҲ⣬ֻûһ͵ˡ
˴ҶգӦ÷ȥˡҶ֣˴ƽһ鷵ǹȥ
ŶҾȥƽ̡Ҷ˵ͷת֮˽ȥ
˴֮УҶƽ̣漴ƽµıǮɲС
ǺǺǡ絭һЦվߵǰѾĥȥ˸֮ļʶֻҪྭһЩδزܳɴ˵ִǹҲ˵
ҶƺЩΪȻҡҡͷҵǲô竣ǼĻġ
Ц˵и˵ǧͨԪ֮ͨвҲ˫޵ͨô
Ҷ漴ɫһƽ̣ȥǹƽ̿ɻʲôҪô
ûˣ˴γʹҪȥѣ˳۲һǹڲԼĶ㱨Ϳˡ

ǹܿ͵ˣһҶȥΧʮһѡ
ǹڣܹһŴ󹬺Ͱʮһ
Ŵ󹬵ÿһڵĹǵϵĸ֣ǵ۱ȴǵؽĸ֡
ʮһСĹҲǵ㲻֮ĸ֡
ǹ֮У޼ͼ򣬸һ촿Ǻʹǹ
ۼͷֻ޴֮еɵͷǹڵĶࡣ
޴֮еĸ߶˵졢ɹáЩĸˣȴǹС
ؾһΪҪϰɾ͵ȴǺѡ
صĹؼҪԴĳ򣬸ҪķȥƽȻͷ꣬Ļȴʮֵһͻ˵صΪ
ˣƽ̻ԼʮĻۡ
ףⲻĸôôŮȻ벻ȻҲ־Σ
ҶῴŮǹӵģ漴ЦǺǵصǺǣǰֻǣѾǸˣ˴ҸǰǸġ
Ůɫ΢䡣
Ա漴߹˼ΪŮһϵĻƥϢ֪⼸Ůǵľͷˡ
ʦû˵ˣҶڵִ¸ŮЦһص
ɫʱһ¶ڨڨЦˡ
ǰҶЦЦֻΪһλ۷ĸ׷ɱˣ֮ӻʲôڵ߱ȱȽǣһ࣬һ٣ʲôأ
ŮӵͿˡ
ôһ⣬˵ǳڷˣָıƿڴҲδܹһ˿ˡ
ľͷһľǿ󡣾ǧĥδܹ˷ֺ˵ǳԷˡ
Ŷǲ֪Ҷֳ䵱ʱ򣬶ЩʲôأԱߵһ漴ֿڷ̵ʵ
ǸʮĿػġҶ
ҶʧЦܹʮľҲһܣҶδԴΪܣʲôЦô
ǹ洫ӽҶȻ˵̹Ȼ˿û֮ɫΪ֮Ȼ
ҶȻ˿ﵱְִҵ׼һ˳ӵĴǹӣɵΪ֮Ȼ
֮һǼô䳰ȷǱŵĴ֮
Ů޲ɫ΢䣬漴֨ˡ


370 򿪷
ǸˣҶֶǴ඼̫£ЦˣǼͳͳصԴ֮бչأǧڲ㡭Ӱת˸ոճԷŮĮȻһСС񾳵ӾȻҶԱŵĹͳԲѷ治
Ӱ漴̧һָкȻ˿꿦ı·һ㣬ɫҰ׵Ůزҽ
䣬һ֮С
Ҷֶոյʧ㲻Ҫ⣬ɡ
ûйϵǵ۱¿ˡҶһ
Ŀе֪ǵڲȨṹǰɽǰ˼һףߵͳ֮߳ΪǵۣһŶǳ֮Ϊ¡
ǵ۵һЦ̧һ֮£һ֪мǹɵĺţһֱ쵽ҶĽˡ
Ҷһۣת̤ڲȥˡ

Ҷ˴ǰǹֻԵػطûһ¶ѣֻǺǵۻһϸϵ⣬Ҷͱˡ
Ϊ󿪷ȱֵʱ
ص֮кҶȴ֮Ѿ˺ܶ׵ĵӣЩӶֻڻڵľΪѡ
빬֮Ҷݼƽ̡
Ҷʱ򡣡ƽתˣ
ղƽ̵ѾЩķ˪֮ɫȻΪķ
Ҷ漴ʵƽ̣ôôڵʿ
ƽ̵ЩھΪĵӣܹ˳ɾͣѾǷǳˣȻȲ㣬Ȼڡ
絭ص˵˼֮зʿһⶼǾ޾ľ֣ɾʹҲѰ죬˼һǾԲܹģһҪǣٲã˼֮ѡζĵӣɾҲǷǷһ㡣
Ҷ漴Լ֮еλ״Ԫ幫Լλ幫Ҳڸ֣ϧĽĻĳɾͽʤҶ
˼ܹ֮ɾھĵӣȻɽЩǿΪ˳ʵɵýʱ򣬻Ҫġƽ̵ռôԴͲӦСˣˡ
סҶһ漴ͷ
׾ͺãЩˡ漴ȥСȥҾҪȨִϣרĵľӪСҪúõĸҡ
ǡҶпЦԼĿ
󿪷ʱչˡ
֮Уһ֮к᳤գŤѶĴһһ㷭
ΧٵʿתȻ󽫷򷨱ȥʼԴԴҵسĴʥˮ
֮ʯ棬ȴԼɼĵ֮һȻɱĴУĽΧʯ忪ˡ
֮еٮٮߣ񾳰˾صĸ־פ֮ƽ̵ĵ֮£ÿһɵƽȴݺݳȡĴʥˮʵһɵĿ棬ȻͿʼﲼڻֵĴ
ȶЩӵɱֵĽ󣬸߱ɱҲӵǿ
ɽ̫貨Ů̫ȵһһɱӯĽˣȻ񾳾ظֵ֮£ͣţµЩ𿪲ɵĵǣר־ԴԴϵسȡĴʥˮ
ķԸ֮УÿÿӴ֮гȡһĴʥˮ漴ͻʮˮϣֻܹϸˮֻһζôȥֻò̫ٶĴҲᱻ׳ģǸʱֻĴӻἸǧ޷ָˡ
Ψϸˮ֮еƽ̺ͳһ򶼲ȱԶ
ĴȻе鷳ǶķԸȥˣֲ̫Ϊѵ飬ҲֻһЩˡ
Ҫ֪һĴʥˮֵԿһƷıˣƽҲر´ʱǷǳʱڣҪϧκʹ֮ͣ²·
ЧȴԵģ̶̰ʱ֮еŵӵһȫɱ񾳵洫ӡ
޵֮ѰĵҩǾԪһȵľԪϵȵĵҩԴʥˮƶɵĴ
ÿɵռݵĴӣڿ֮ҪúýάΧĻȻܿɴʥˮһ˲⣬ȿȻзѶţѸٴټ׼
Χļʯ֮У񾳵ĸ֣רŸڣжټҪѶš
Ȼʯ֮вÿ˽һֱ֮ӾͿ㲻ܽҲܹһǡ
ʵҿʯʵȻķ󡣡Ҷ
ǲҪԷ̬ԸЩ壬иҪһǻǵ֮ҲдߣҲܹӵĶǲҪַǵ˲ܹѵķЧ
Ҷһ߻֣һߴ
ʯûУЩʯ֮Ҫʮ棬лҪһУϢãܹӺԻЧ
㶮ƨ
һ񾳵ĵҪٳҵɱŵر̲׳󣬶ͨܳɾͣһ񾳵ӵļֵ֮󣬼ֱ޷롣
֮жԴÿһ洫Ӷ䱦һĶԴõĻͨɣ׵洫ӣֱǵĶɵġ
һ͵͵˽սʿѾصΪˣһƬʯ֮кǶʱɵˡ
Ƭʯ֮漸飬޵ߵϢ֮£Ǹ˵ټЩµϢȴʵʵڵĴڵģⲻɵǸоһͷˡ
һսʿʹһɫû˵һ֮£ǵͷϳķӰؽһټͼ
⸱ͼģЩؾʱ򣬽ɵһһ㡣
뷢֮£һı֮£һӿװس˹ȥˡ
֮ԲǧڵʯһմȾ֮£̾;ֽ⣬ϸСĳɳˡ
ôӲؾʯ֮гһׯ
һ֮£ǵĸӲˣҲǵ³ˡ
ϧʯ֮ȴǺκεĶ
ȺսʿͷԵĵڣ֮кȻ˼ƿৣһɫĽι
Ϊ׵һսʿֲ֮£һ˸ţ


371 Ƶ
žŵĽɫ統˿ƥҸгٿ顣
ͱг飬ѵĽɫƬºҷΧ߰˸Сʱزҽ
ģսʿ̾ʹµʯ֮˷λãһԶر糯һƬҺ˹ȥˡ
һӰͻķ·һ㣬ʯ֮ҵؼϴĲӰͳԶɳ۶ȥ
սʿķ˸գ
սʿʱȻŭû˵ͳǸӰ׷˹ȥ
ȺսʿȻһǰˣޱȵգ޲ýǧУ
ƻӰʯ֮ͣͣɿش߮ţԱӹƻٶȷŤתȥʯ֮еһ鿴Ʋ۵ʯһͼѸڿнһ
Щսʿʱʱײһص棬ʹˡ
ϸСļ򵥵ĽȴǿʼʱʱزһϰֱЩսʿҧгݣҪץ֮ǧУ֮ء
ôȱµһУҶڸǵķ
ʯ֮еĲٽƺ󷨶ΪһҪԣ׭̵󷨼ʵãҲ鷳ҪþЩչλսܹʮЧӳͱսʿǵǰٶȺͲ
ʯ֮Угǧŵʯ׭ϵ֮ʲôȱǲȱˣɵĵ֮⣬вٵɢҲ֮УЩȫίи޽֮еɢˡ
һΪ˵սʿصΪˣȴӲǱǰΪĵӸڸϵֻת
ǹʱȴȻûз֣ѾմİΧȦ֮ˡ
ৣԲǧ֮Ȼҫִľ޽סˣ޽ΧһĽС
ɫĹⲨ㻮ʯ֮УɫĹⲨΧķΧһɲǼһ㣬սʿУһţɽһ㣬ǵ֮ˡ
ãмˣΪ׵һսʿе
Ҫ£ȳƿ
ٸͬʱʩչ˸ոճʱзˣһɹȵķ۶һˡ
꣡꣡
֮ɫĹⲨ类ƵĲһ㣬׷ױ˿Ҳֻǳһ֣ͣˡ
̫̽һγ֮ȴγһĿռ䣬Ŀռ֮κηûЧ
Ľ·賤ľһһȦȦذΧ˹̰Ľ˪һɱ
ͬʱ֮ѸʮӰˡһӺȻȵ
ʮһ֮£޴ȵķͬʱ˽֮ˡ
ٸһת֮£ҵؿˣ޴ķ𵴽նҳһŽˡ
̶꣡ˣ賤ĽЩӵڣһת֮£һӱһӾиٿ飡˾Ĳҽˡ
ৣݺύĽڽڻ˿ߣһ˺ҧת֮ͽ֮еսʿи֧飬ˡ
սʿת֮ͻһ̲Ѫ⣬Ѫ֮ԼɼһȭͷСľ·̺һһ㣬Ʒڲͣתתš
˵عЦոǸֵĵӳչһڴ̧ӲһѺˮոһ͵׷ûгô亹
һ⣬Ȼּһӭһ֮£ʱЩսʿѪ⾡ռ˹
ЩսʿڶԳգеҶ档
ǿ󣬹ؼԳյµﴢеﴢϵﴢ
Ϊ֮󣬾Ѿ֮ˣһʱϵΪˣеµôͲˣǱԳɵգƷ
һ񾳵־൱һСı⣬սʿѪҲǼѲϡ
ʮƺĵüЦΧسһţǰСɽһı
Щﵱռ߰˳ɵĶԵҩΪǸɫıŵرǴӸոһսʿϻõıЩΧһ𣬿ʼطߣƷֽ
ոǸֵĵջ󣬳Щսʿʬ֮⣬һҪ֡
Ȼƺ֮Уרž޶ƵķʹɱͨרŸ֣Ǹ𷢶
ƾһһЩӸսʿĶ֣ƾ轣ȴ׾ٵؽǾУ
˵ǻۡ
ٺ٣ǿЩıذһƺĵһԪϸһ³ɫٺЦҲ˵ЩԳյıˣҵƷıѪѾʼˣٶռû׼ͻ׳Ʒ˵ͻ׳ɵأ˵ǲɣǡ
۾ЩŹˡ
ƨԱһòʦģĵӵͷһ£ѵޣﴵˣҪҶϴ㣬׼Щıԣ֮еĽ־ƾ⼸ϣߺߣԸǳԵŹ֣˺ˣѶˣϽİкۼĨȴһսʿǰٺ٣Ǿ͵ŷɣ
Դƽ֮Ҷ֮ҲˮǴеɵĵӶƺΪҶϴ
ºŵǴλأǷɵ֮УȴҶоЩЦԷǡ
ƺӺٺټЦ˼漴ͷɿæʰԭء


372 ƴ
һƺĵǱ޵룬ɿطֱ֮ٴηص˸Ľ֮ȥˣʼϸ֮еĺۼ
Ƶÿ춼֮̾зš
֮ҲѪͷ࣬ʱʱǱ봿֮еСɵսʿϸӽƻɵã֪ˡ
֮е洫ƾԼҴľ׵Ľ󣬼ÿ춼ĶնÿεջǼ
Ǻ֮нսˣŽʯ֮еĸӵεķ֮£ֵսʿɢɢʮһȫûнɻ˴ı͵ҩһ֮֮жΪ֮ˡ
ն֮£ͨɺպ֮Ҳ콨һ̻ᣬЩӵչֱ
ɵĵѾȫ嵱һȡ
֮е洫ǶѾʼװˣһĳƷﻹܹۣڻƷһһأ֮⣬вٵŵĵǳɹؽ޳񾳵Ϊֱ֮еĳǰŵСɽ֮пԼͨΪ
Щ˼еһжեøɸɾˡ
ǲص嵹Ҳˣؾ壬䵽Щ˵УᣬԼͨɵĵǸ˳ӳֵԼҵӵˡ
ͨͼӳԼϣֻҪĥϼϼֻ֮Ҫܹ͸еУܹ磬һܹʡȥЩǺܶĿ๦ˡ
ɻսʿʬҲ˻ȥ֮еĳоеܣԵؿһϵеķҩ֮ģ´λиõս
ɵʮڵʿҪȥɵˣħ˵ʵ̫Ʋˡ
ħȻ̣ۼɶĳ̶ȣȴɵ˵֮ڣҲӵо޴ȱݵħһ͵ħһ塣
߼ˮݣǻǿ໥Ĭദġ
ȫˣʹȫΨҶıԣΪΪԼļƷûκʾ׽ȫûκԺ̵ԣʹĴС
ֹɵ塢ħ塢ħȵȫΪĵˡ
壬֮أˣ˵ɵʮˣħˣҲԺƲġ
̰ǴٽԴȪ֮һŴն֮£֮еĵǿʼЩôõĸɵȶԷˣʼˣǿʼз˸ָȺսķС͵Ľˣͼں彻ֵĹ֮ռʱ
أʱţɱսʿľ֮£Ѿ׵Ϊ񾳵ǵԳˡ
޽֮еһЩɢɺͶ֮еʿҲͲסˣ׼Ҫһ
֮УڣǳԭʮֵĻߣֻһЩһЩ޶ѣԭߵǳȴһƬﻨ㣬ɽ𢣬һߴΡĳǳر鲼⣬ɵķɡ
ǳ֮ڳˮʲϢڵʿ߹ߵؽֵĵ֮ѡĶ
ؽֵĵ֮еҩ޵ȵȣ۸ʮֵĹרŸæĵ̣ĿϾ
ŷǳϵɽ𢣬Ѿɵڸ׸һ˴ǹʿ֮⣬ɢʿҶйӶһɢ޸֣æרά
ǳԳʮֲһˡҶҲԶɢ֮УӶһʿרŸ䵱ڱͳרŸǿһĹж͸𱣻ɵ̵ġ
Ҷ֮е洫ڽֵϣΧ֣ипǧ
һпɶԼĻƶ
ִ֮󣬴ЧԶ׼ģ֮н˽ǧ񾳵洫ӣкܴһͻƿйȻиСɽã֮еĴĴԴЧɴ˿ɼ
Ҫֳ֮˶ʮľͷ
Ҫˣ񹬡طɡɡýĴԭһŮ̬ȣվһߣ֮һһĽҲסˡ
ʦ֣˵ʦһִٳɵİҶߵĵ
Ҷҡҡͷʵûʲô׶ɹ٣һпƷʵõġ
Ц֮洫Ӷ˲٣ܶ񾳵ӵĵжˡ
ǰѾƴˣеСɽ糹׿ˣԸǱ̫ˣԼģȥʱһ¡ҶصҿǶˣ֮Ҳʵġ
ٺ٣ĴſѾ۲˰ɡ
Ҷߵλʦһһص
֮У幬ڡ
̫ϳ֮£һŵľͷ
Ĵ֮еĳϡ
ɫĮɨӹɵĳϡ
ˣʲôֱ˵ɡ̫ϳϸɿһ嵭ص
ԱĴŵλõĵɵɿһҲûʲôֻҪ쳤ѯһ£ƽЩ飬֪ʲô
صʲôʲôǼͶ˴ǹ߹ѡ
ĴŵĳϺƽһƲ죬񹬵ƽǱңڵ߹ⷬǲҹͬǹֻǸˡĿõ飬ôͳ߹ˣ


373 ƥӣı
һЦɫ
ȻƢ𱩣Լհģ˳Լ˼ȥѵˣǽȻҶԼˡ
Ͼ죬ͷķȻеģֻǵصôŪöôֻҪ˹֮䣬ǵŬͻᾡΪУʱ㿴ǻ㽾ô
ŵһ˻иӵˣ˵ĵɵ˼㣬ʲôʱ򲻻㿪ɿʱڹľͲ
ϰϣʮǻ۸òᶼ˹ȥ˰ɣվ˵ۣ֮һףԴ㹻ḻ֮е񾳵ӶţëּüһãأɵĸԼȡԼֲϷǣѵԼȥˣ
ƥӣı
뵽֮󣬼ϻһ֮漴¶˾ˡ
һϵɣĹͣʮǰħսɵ˵Ǹʱˣ˼Ѿȫͨˡ
ȻϰǣôʵûκɷŹ
λҪΪӬͷСԭ򡣡쵭
ƽ̵ص⻰Ǿʵ˵ɡҲ׼ƽ̹ͨһΪʸϵʦԣڶأһ¡
ˡЦͨԸΪ˵ūţûȤ
Ϊ˵ūţ
Ĵŵһһɱˣ쵽еŵⶼʲôʱˣȻͷţ
ͨɵūţǹôһƬָǣǧĴӣǺεȾ޴Դ
֮洫ͬĢһһһðͷҲ˺üҲӬͷС
з׷ƿڴ
ʲôƨɵһڣҪ֮һҪǵصǰǲŲϹŶĶ˼ڸɵȻˣ˵񾳵ˣĸֶһһð˳ѾĻʴʣ
ƾƷչȥֻò˶ãɵֻ¾Ҫ˶ˣֽڸɵ϶ԣʵһ޷ܵĽ
վ˵ۣأǲңôܹ֪ι
ʲôūţԱߵĺطŵƽ̶ʱŭˣ̲סվ˰εǴǰǿǰķϣһȻôҲֻ;ˣǡ
λһֱͬͬ˵ģҪ׼ôɫ䣬ص
ѣŵĳϸӲӷŭˣʵĴûв죬ôõϱѶˣǷǳˣ쳤ϣֻΪıȡһЩѣĹ֮Ĵſ϶Ҳһʱǰģǿʮ갡Ϊ㸣ôһ
ɫ
˵ŵĳ϶ѾдŨŨķζ
ӳ㣬ӾΪĸӳȮӾΪˣӳݽ棬ӾΪܡ
Ѿ˵ľˣοѾʵ죿
ǿϹŶķ̫ߣ̫ߣ̲סҪƿڴˣҪˣ
Ĵŵ֮ѾǷǳˣֻǸһ֪ͨһ¶ѣϹŶԼˡ
Ĵŵͳش߳죬̧̤ԼǼ֮Уһߺ֮£Ǽݱ۶ˣڿлһѤĹ磬漲ȥˡ
ĴţҪ쳹׾ˣ
ĵִг𣬳Զȥǡ
츺վǰĬȻעԶԶȥĴţɵһ㡣
ʮУѾʯ㲻ľʱ˿̣Ҳɵظоһ˿Ȼ
Դʮǰħս֮ԼԵ֮ĵͨΪɵһˣԼɵ˵ĳѡ
Ȼɵ˷ѳʮڣɵĳǼԼɻǶҪسƺԼΪʦ
Լһֱɵ֮ж˵һ˵ġ
أһŸոշСħսʱ»ûأȴѾǰа壬ȴͲʵʵ˻룬ҴԼһŻڸǰԼצѵĸɸɾԼûа취ȥ
ʲôãƽڵʵѾƽͬǵػ춴
ƽ̸û׳κε棬ֻչһԼֶΣѵʶˣԼһֱάŵνȨͷһˣֽĶѡ
Цǣȴһֱ߸ϵΧ
ƽ̵ʵѾƽɹҲǿʱ֧Ԯġ
Լ֮أ¯Լģ˼ſڣ˵ĹͷŻΪЧĻʹ̫ϳϣҲûȨ
˸еƵ˼㡣
벻ԼĻʮȨȴհǰˡ
ԴˣǹĳϺƽּɵģС޴ıؾ֮أܹΪǵֵһĻȷһˬ飬˶ЩɵҪ󣬻ֻҪӰԼ棬һŶӦ
ƽ̰ϵʱڣڼ˼ĴɵƽҲЩʵסˣǱ͵͵ֱԽƽȥǹ֪ǹ֪ĴɺһģҲûκεĺøУΪʵʩػ·ߣһ磬ֻɳһ˼ʹˡ
ӡĴɽʵʵس˸Ÿ


374 £ħ
ŸĴŵգҪֱƽ̣ҲʵƤˡ
Ϊָʹ֮£Ĵź֮ͨ£µԹ϶಻Ĵŵĳ϶ǲٴˣɵĵһ֮Ĵβǽŵ뷽跨Ƕ
ܹڣ
ǲɵغˣڵĳӶˣ֪ͲҪôҲл͵أǲǣ
ļҪϷһǾͻζԼŽҪƽ׺ܺˡ
ʱ˿̣ҲûʱǣǰѪħڵĵ
ѪħĵȴһƬɽˮ㣬ﻨ㣬ԼŮӰ
Ƭɾ֮Χĳ̾ͱˣǰһƬѪ﷭ڵճѪ֮ʱʱطһİ׹ǣһͷͷħ֣Ҫһ㡣
̧һȻȼ˾յƣ˾Źˣɢɫҫķ
Ѫ֮кȻӿһѪˣѪصĵزƵˣħӰѪ֮зɳӰ˹
ƽ̺⣬İƿʼתݣΧų˿
ЩѪ֮еħӰЩѾ۳Σеܹһۻ಻Ѫҵغ
ǱӰİƺһ֮£ЩѪɫħӰһ㣬ڻ
˿Уŵǰ̵ѪӰħͷвɵЦѣħ˴򽻵Ǻɵ֮вͬġ
ħ˱һȺåɵģΨһεľʵΨһŵҲʵĳݶ޷죬һȺͷβ
ţӵγ˵ͳĴУҲı䲻аıʡ
ˣ˳ǵûãֻǵθڸӵ̰;޴󣬶һƤͷ̵
ǵıʾһȺǣȭͷӲʱǶʹˣǾͻͷܣȭͷӲתͷͰƤͷˡ
Ѫħڣѵô͵ô̧һӣ֮кȻһɺƴķ
Ѫضʱۻ޴סˣеħӰ쳣ؼһѸѪصײҶˡ
Ѫ֮һƬƬѪɫת֮ͽһׯһֱ쵽ƽ̵Ľ¡
һӶӵѪſƣվһϺ۵ӣ
ҵ˭ѪӷЦڵԭƽˡ
ţѪħۣòˡ΢΢׵ͷ
ƽ̴ݹѪħڣԡѪħ漴ʱص룡
˵ǰȥ·ȥˣѪش֮кΧǧĵŮ˿
ͼɵѪħ۹һЦϸ裡
еһŮȻ˵֮УʼȻˡ
һȺħŮصΪڿȻ֮£չֳ˫ˣһһŹǵΪ֮ᡣ
һصħԿɼѪħ۵ֱˡ
ħӶѾЩԳЩħɵŮ裬Ҳܹĥġ
ħĵֶɵвͬ
ƽȴǶǰ޶ãΪ־ģЩѰħܹջ˵á
ԱߵѪħڵĳһĨηɫϾѾǵصΪվ޵۷ľ磬Ϊ֮η
ħ֮еĵҲǲˣɴڵһ֮ѣˣɵ֮ռ˾Եʵû˵Һħ֣¾ħƤ磬ʱƽ̳ܹ֮ԸˣԼµĵֻ»Ҫġ
ҽǰΪģǹ顣ƽڳ׹˸ħͷص֪ѪħټڵķӣѪأڵټɡ
ǹ壿ڳħɫ΢΢һ䡣
е񱭣˹ص˴λһ׮ףλкôĽס
ãȻǽףǾͺ˵Ѫħһۣɫصվתߵ˴֮⡣
һؽӵӵ˵ͷ漴ľݺݵˣһĵ
Ѫħۿڵƽ̣ټڵֻ»Ҫȼա
ûϵеʱ䡣ȶΧ˫ĸȴǺ⡣
Ѫħħ֮󣬾޴ݵ֮ˣ̶ʱħڵѾϵ
絭صǲɱû⣬ҳûɵŵĵӣǾͱ粻ˣҲ¸㣬ϴαѪħǵİ˴ħǱҽѵһ£ӦңƬͨɵģҺңڵѪħǵİ˴ħͱסˡ
Ŷƽô۸СֻЩðɡԱһѪ£Ѫسص
ϴαѪħǵİ˴ħΧҶܣ̾ͱó¡
Ҫ֪۸СħǲмΪ֮λѪسȴǱԹ塣רŸҲʹ졣
ⱬħкȻһʧ̱˵ϡ
ƾǸоΣʵ
ãڽѵ⼸֪Ķصȷе˵ұסµĵӣһɵ۷ĵӶԳɾͣ˵ħеĵˣһħ񾳵ӳɾжѣҶ˵λӦ˰ɣ
쳾ħ۸ɿһڳϣ˻ᣬƽ̵ȷΪħ룬ѵСȻƽ̵Ǹ
ڳɫһţ漴վϷʧˣƽ̲Ҫֲǡ
ߡһ֣
ģҲֹǣҲרŴ֮лֳһħɱ壬ǿطİٰʮӣħٴʳҳ˵ĻͱҲˡȻص⻹һ£˵ҲǧҪ˴ǹĵӡ
ߴħڵһۣ޲ص˵ͷħҲӣ˴Ȼټǣ֮ʮʮв;ʾҲʮʮӺ̨¡
Ҫǻˣֻ仰ûͻߴħڿսˣɲô˵
ҪǸ㹻棬ʵĻᣬߴħڲòϷĹ


375 Ĵͨ
ͺãôһƬѵ⼸ɹϷôȥ֮ҲԼеĵǣλ˳ͻˡ絭صȻˣλౣذɡ
תվƮȻȥˡ
Уͨ½Ƴ֮е̻ڡ
Ĵļ侫£׵Ѥɵĳ϶Ϊһͱ顣
ƽڼȻΪôȻҪʵΪƾ֮еСɽڱչѾûʲôЧˣΨһҪľǶɹɽ׷ɾɵΪ
ɾ͵ػ춴Ѿɵϣ׷ǵʥɹħ٣ʥɹ׽ٵĳͷ׷Խǳɾ塣
֮һֱͣ״̬֮УҪԭǻûеһ׽٣޳塣
ƽ̰ȻضڴУΧľ׮һվĴŵͳϣ޲۰Ͱ͵سűϵƽ̡
Ĵϵɺ֮еӷڵԹڻеƤƽ̡
ƽطеᣬû
ĴſźʲôӰæֵһʲôɵǰȥĶƽΪ
˵ô࣬ȴûһʵڵģһûС
˵ʵЩź۸ڶĴûˣԵȴƽ־թὫЩϣ
˵ô죬ȫģûһʵЩ͵۲ɨӹΧ̾
ʵ翴֮еĴ֮⣬پֵǮˡ
ЩСɵ岿ӳ嵽׺ݵ˸Ӵɵӣһ͵¶ԵĴ֮󣬳˹׳Լеļҵ֮⣬Щ޻صСɲӣһġ
ɾˣЩСɲɶϷִ˲ƣĳ˸岿һԶظ˹ˡ
ÿδЩɻĵҩѾѾ˿룬ҪĻǺЩСɲӵĽʹɵĵӵ㹻ս飬̶̰ʱ֮е洫˶ѾƷˡ
ԽĽָǴа
ֻ⣬׬ͷ֮һ
Ĵǲӳ㶺ˣʵ岻ֵǮȻǸһ
ĺźλǰһζתõġƽһ仰Ͱȫ򵽹ȵףңƺѾ統ɵһԴˡ
ƽЦ޽֮в˼磬˼ȫͬģĴ˼뾳ɱڼǰħսʱĴӡ
ңȻǰһ߲ܸǣԱߵԴƺҲûиǽ׵Щôǵĳ⣿ôܹȥ˵Ĵأ
粢ûаеĻ˵ء
ƽصƽ̵˼ǣ֮ǲ̸ˣ
ǲ̸ƽ̵˵ָʵǷǳûг⣬ûа취̸ȥҪ֪ڵ򲢲һܹ˵ģұҪ㹻˵˵Ĵš
Ƿǳгġڵ
ƽЦⲻ⣬Ҫλλ˶ڡ
֮ǳˣǾ˶Ҳûãڿǵػ춴Ϊ
ʵƽһʼִ֮еĴӵʱ򣬾Ѿ϶Ĵžôô׳ȥ
ȥͳͳ˦˺棬ĴȴƱزֱܹͣͷչϾǴǹĵ̣˼ұ˴֮Ըƨ£
ôƽ̵˼ǣ
ƽżλǿҵӻȡһҳֽˡ
Ȳؽ˹
ԵԴǳĴƽֽ̿ͨļأ޲ʵʵһˣÿһλŻҪ׳Ʒ
ǿƽ̵ʱЩʱѾ׼ƽƹܵôˣǾû뵽ܻô׺ݡ
ƷҲˣͨЩɶǧǰʮĴ̵ֿͨôܹĳ
еǧƽ̴ڸԼĵھȻҪȥǽԼɵʵҲ˳Ƹˣ
Ĵƽ̵ɫʱüѿһҲ
ƽ̣Ҳʵ̫ˡ
ƽɫ䣬õػ⼸ϼһЩϼһﵱвٶǰֻҪ޵һ˵ô̾ƽĵˣοԼǵصľͷѾɹúͰɸ
翴Ĵ𾪼ʹı飬жʱӿһɼȿĸоˡ
ĴѾۣĸϲ֪ٴεƿĴ
ƽڰ಻סЩΪѵصƽ̣ЩδҲ̫ڿ˰ɣ
̣ǺǣΪǹ壬֪˶ٵĵӣȡƬеĴӣʲôûȴ׼ǵϸ⣿Ϊ⹫ƽô̵صЩ߲ӦˣµӦֻҵ̣ǴδԼǶôǿأ
ĴŵɫͬʱЩѿȷϾǴǹĵ̣˵ƽ˵ЩȾǶƽһȡȴʵݲκνƱ磬ЩʲôûˣҪһ仰ӵζ˵ȥġ
ƽ̲Ϊѵصǣǧǽܹ̫ϳϽ
ǿ̰ɡƽ˫ֽ棬Цλƽ̣ĻҾͲ˵ˣ˵ʵڻ֮ӵеģͨһӵУ֮ûеģͨһӵУȥҲֻ⼸ͨûеģҲֻ⼸ͨҿ۵ˣ˵ˣЩͨǧǹľѧûʲô⴩ĽɣЩһҲ֡
ңֻƾһŴܹһɵ˥λҲţֻƾһŴܹһɵĻᣬλӦԸɣ
˵۾һصǰһøǣ˵ĴɣͨеĵҲӦģᶼᣡֻܽԵشİٶʮӷλ


376 
֮кݣ·˺µļһ㡣Ĵ
ҶһԿƲ죬ĴŵԼӻҲûʲôˣҲܲΪ˵ԴҲỵ˰ɣ
ųεɫȫֻ粻صô֮еĵǰȥɱĻɵĵӦòʵϺܶɢɵĵҲȥɱ壬ҲǲܵģЩǹܲġ
Ĵһ֮£ɫԻһЩˣĴžٲǧ˰ٸ洫ӻܹճģʱǰȥ͵Ϯ׬ȡһЩҩͬҲ׾ٵ顣
׳˵Դ֮н巢սʤ֮󣬳׻˹ĸֲֿԣټÿһλõĴʲƸޱȾҵ̰֮ģΧɵħɢǶ̰֮ģʼɱ
ϸһ֮漴ͽǧеǰʮͨĬд˳ˣƽˡ
⼸ͨǧ֮ǰʮ̴ֻ̺ͨе֮¡
⼸ͨƽȫܹЩͨչһϵеӦͨ˵ҶȭǴ֮ݻġ
ǧǰǺɱմϱˣǧĵطֹɱ
Ϊǧһϵ֮⣬еĺܶ⾳̺ĵطǧȫݻɸͨ
˵Ǭյʥ񽣣Ҷ칦񸫣ƽ̵ħѻȵȣǾĴ
ǰͨԸֻصе̺⾳
˼ɱǿܹܹι¡
俿ͨԽֻɱ֮ƹڶѣҲѣֻҪӵ㹻ķ㹻ˡ
Ĵɱģɱ֮ǱȽ³˵ĴҲס
ʶţСȴ
˵Ҷ칦ֵͨĴɵľͨƾɱС
ƽǺεҶͨһֱΪȣϧľǣͨʼնû޳ɡ
Բܲ˵һź
ɱƵͨȣһͨȴǷǳأ߱Ҫصתܹгͨ
ͨͻƿѣǱҪԼλףԼľͻһ㣬ͨһ㡣
Ҷ񾳾ΪʱͨҲֻܹһȹλƵˣΪػ춴ľɹãܹһĹԸˣ
ɹǵõҶֻͨҲδܹͻƵصΪ
ˮ𣬲
˵Ҷڲ˵һأΪͷ֮ͨһ㡣
ͨȻûգҶҲ칦񸫽ƽ̣ϸһ֮漴ľˣػ춴Ϊһʩչ칦񸫵ֱͨǿǾ춯أֻ¾ҲδĶˡ
ǹ֮гΪɲ̫ϳ֮⣬ڻһͼͼȻѹһ֮ˣȴ񹬵ƽҲ붯ģ⸱ͼǵأľ˼룬Գ˽ġ
һͬڵõѹ˵죬ȴϢɹɱˣһܹһķĵϸɵˣһֱ챣һ־ηкͿֲС
ټ쳤ϵĵػ춴ľʵ磬ʹ˶ӡ
ǹȻִԴҲûгһλػ춴ĸ֣ҲΪǲû˸Ҵ޴⡣
ھɹúͬʱΪ춴أټصʵչֳ֮ǹҲʵݺһ£ȷ˺Ǻͼ
޽֮ȻԴǹôĸһӦԵһˡ
Ĵɼʹϲǲΰȡƽ̸ĵͼǰȥԼʹˡ
ô˵绹òˣôԼҲõĻΪˡ
˵ԲסʦĵҲ᳹ʧġһĶʧģֻ¾һɼҪǰˡ
Ĵŵ֮һԵ˲Ϊһ裬õĴҲǲҪƤƤȡôΪηҪأ
Цһ˵ĳ˶һŵƽ̣ĴűϾһʵǵһЩô¾Ҫǵˣֻ½ʱܵʧͲֹЩһЩôҲ͵ڽǵİѱ
˶ΪܹհԶڣܹӵаһе̬粻ᷳظеĵܶ濴ȻȽϿɶ񣬵ܹ̽Ѱһ鱳ĺôҲͲôɶˣǽӪħǴŵʱ򣬱ϿǱ˿ˣأЦĻĺԶԶֹˣʱ򡣡
գգ۾漴ص˵ͷ
ҪҶµȦףһͷ˽ֱӾ͵֣ôǹĺôͲ䵽ͨɵͷˡ
ҶȴģѾ˵صĹһˣķҪķ׾ٵģľΪȴɲԲ˵˵ԱȽƫȻڳʼʱ̬ǱȽϺõģΪͻơ
Žߣͨѭѭյؽ̵˵ĵνˡ
絭صĴţȻʮıǮ̸Уעɲˡ
⻰ô˵ЦʵĴôͳɲأ
һԷľڵҶʧЦҡҡͷصȷѾվ۷֮УǲһС
һӣĵð֮踣ֹĴȡԼĻĴҲ˼ʵֱӾ͸׷ģս鶼ˡ
ĴŵСɽ֮лкܶΪ̫ϳϣô£֪Щ̫ϳѾεȿֲĵزûЩŵʵǲܹ׿ġ
ѣƻȴǺףһľͷͶܹ֮һȺ񾳸֣⻹ǷеͱĴڡ
Ϊ֮洫ӵĿǣҲ׾ٸͷսġ
΢Ц˶㣬һҪʲô
̫ϳϣ˲˼ص
Цҡҡͷ


377 ɵľ
Դֵ
Ц漴ҡͷ
˲ЩɥˣڵѵӦһֶƽ̻ϽŹ棿
ЦŶԱߵҶ˵ɡ
һɰ۲ӵԺͽȡľ񡣡Ҷ΢ЦŻش
ƮĶ˾
㲻ҪСЩһûɰ۲ӵԣôɾͻᾭĲۣûһɳ徢ɾͻԶᳬԽ뵱ɵʮڷ֮ͨɵʦǵصΪǵԴǼѷɫɣµѵɵĵλųԽɣڸѾƽˡ
˵һĨ֮⡣
ɵ˷֮ܶɶ챣Ź̬ȣΪ̫ϳϺ֮е򣬵ǰʦȴΪȻ˴ԸҪͨɴӴ˲֮£ҪԽ죬ƽڼλ֮ͬʱҲ̳ɾ񡣡һĨ˵ûɾٶԴͨҲݳɾ͡
ڣѾԽˡ΢΢ȭͷ˹ǽڵһĨһϬĹâ
Ƿɣ˼Ҷƽȴö֮ظ˳ˡһǸɵƯ
ɵ˷ѿ֮ͨɵʦǱкģɵΪʮֵˣϧжոճɾ񾳵ˡ
ƽһֱεؼƽΪܴ衣
˵ûޣͨҲôȥûִͳΪƽ̵Ҳ˵ػ춴Ϊ
Ĵɱʵʵв棬ҲҲƽˣ־޴ǰҲɵس׶ҡԣζҪзһ
ڱңĴɻǲҵģĵҵҵĻȾҪɵŭѾǴ˳ֵ죬ȴʵδһִĻ֪ˡ
ʮǰɵڶʵģ򶼲أ˵ʦ˵Ļǽɣ⡣
ڣǱҪظŸɵĲĵ
ǰǿϸˮʱ򣬶Ҫǿ֮ĹصģĻ͵ںеǿΪˡ
ǿҵʱҲϵ档
ܹĻϽɮ濴棬˻Ǹ쳹׾Ҳˡ
ɽеһ쳣գɵΧסˡ
Ĵ֮еʿͬѡĽǱףȴ޿κΡ

ҲС֮⣬ңԶ֮һ㾫ſ
ৣһھӨķۣ⻮գɳ۶СΧλá
ҷٿȻͣѿһŻڽýӰжһսӡ
ɱʵʣ֮һ㡣
һӵսʿԵ̬ǰЩں֮ڲͬ쳣ۻһȦһȦ״գɢսľӢһ㡣
ȻսʿǾеľΪ͵ҲѾ񾳵عһΪˣΪ׵߸ѾǷླΪ
ʤ壬ʵԶԶͬʿ
һ·֮ĵطѾ˿ռŤĺۼ
ܼʯڣʱʱس־ȻͼһɭϵĽ󷢳ɭХ֮Ϊ֮ᡣ
һӾȻǸ·ȷ棬Ǻ¾Ϊ׵Ѿ˷࣬Ҳ֮еۿżҪˣɾʣΪ˾żòָˡ
һླĸ֣Ҳ㹻ȥԸһصľͷΪ壬ǿ壡
ླʿ־ڷϱȲЩľͷǵƾԼķȴҲԿˣ
һʮᣡһ񽫵ʵѰĵһصľͷѾǶˡ
λ񽫵Ĵ֮£СشǰʯΪ׵һɫʮǣһǰɣһתĿϸؿƬʯһҲϷŹ
Ⱥͷں֮Ȼ˲٣ǵȴҲһĲֵ˾ġ
˴񽫱ȷ治ûԭģǰ񽫶Ϊ֮ͨͨͨ˶Щʯ֮Уȴڲͬرһͫһȥõͼ御ܹƣҪҵ˿
źʧˡ
еɥǣƬʯܶȷǳȱ£ʯܶȲ˼㣬ÿһʯ涼̲߰ԪԪ֮Щȴǳ׻޷ǰͷҵĻϢзֱһ壬һͨʯ
лŮ֮ȻӰۻңвٵλ˲ٱԴĹƳ֮࣬˷ʤ
ǿеʯʱõģܹʱճϫ籩ĴĥӲƥҳɽȭͷСһʯǧأҪƻƻһһס
ȴǵ͹ˣЩ޴ʿȴʮֵĽթ黫ʯ֮в߰ĻɱкͼУʹȻ޳ͫ޷Щ߻֮߰Ѱҵͼֻܹǰƽѡ
ɵ֮вõħڵͬɵ˵һǽʵңЩʤ֮¾һʯΪǿĹ£ƵƵħڵĸֲ壬ǳ׻֮ƣмħħ֮ĻӰȫλشЩ塣
һ֯õ嶼ʤԵֵģⲻɵλ񽫴оɥ֮⡣
ҲֻܺǰЩսʿһӲͷƤȥˡ
ӹһСƬ֮ۿżִһСƬıԵͷλˣ
¡Ȼ䣬ʯ֮һ鿴Ʋ۵ʯ˿һɫͼžŰʮһгƿռ䣬˽гսʿϯ˹
սʿֲ֮£˾ֵش
ҪңΪ׵һСӵİϷ
棡طһХ̧һָָȻڵڻ棬͵һö֮£һƬơ


378 ɱ
һƬȫħڲµģħóľƹؿԾʩչֶΣɵ鷳ˡ
ɫĻ֮гܹٽĻ֮⣬ǿĸʴ֮ЩȻƼѸ죬ɵвЩۻĻ档
ΧϮལ৵һͶƬīĻУ漴ͱЩӿȵĺɫĻû˸ɾطն˽ٻҡ
ǰͼ֮۵Ľ֮࣬ѩƬһĸƿյ䣬籼һ㣬սʿֲ֮£ʱͱɱˡ
񽫶ʱۣ漴ɫսǹվҵһһȵ
ǹϵ˸ݣ֮ˣǹӰգ¡¡һҵıǹɽһǹ̳ǵĴ鳰㣬ݺݵײڽ֮ˡ
꿦꣡еλѾ˼޳Ѻۣڲı˲֮漴ըѣĽƬұɢΧʯһ֡
Χʯ˿
ɻİ׽ɫĹâɢ˿ɫӹһĨ԰ףеսǹ
ȴõģԱߵһʯȻת͵طײ˹ʯ׻ƿշ˵ļХ
մ֣ת漴һȻһֻļֶ֣̌׼һĻС
űҵеĺڶһ֮£ʱһӾ˸ɾö
СӵİϷҲóǰŪ治֪ǰȺǸʲôԵģȻʯɥǶ棡漴мһ᳤ǹǰȥ
Ǿʯ֮󣬾ڲԶʯ֮УȴԼмӰڴ󣬻ħ뵣·ʲôһ㡣
ƼûУеսǹһƷٺٺ٣ǹҿˡ
ƾʲô㿴ˣһ󷨵ʱ˭˭ģ
㲻ѾһеôǸиǹ
ɣǻ֮˵⼸ɶǺǵģ
ħǻһһ֮漴תؾûС
һ·ϴʯ֮󣬲֪ײ˶ٵİеĽв۽˲ص³
⻹ǷŭģǷŭĻ֮еЩʿǵ̬ȡ
ɢ޻ɵʿǣѾȺ峹׶һ㣬ÿεĳصʿ֮ΪжÿõֶҲޱȵ˷ָ
Ⱥ߰˼ǶѾеޱȵĳ裡
ϵ壡߹壡ܴ裡
ݳҲֻѪܹϴ壡е嶼ǱǵͷԶظ˹
Ȼ֮вٵĴ߶ǾʮǰǳսǴ󲿷ֵսʿһͷ࣬Ǻ޴ʿһûоΣֻǸо˳ѡ
ȻһһսʿͬӴһûлĻᣬⲻûǼȡѵǸеޱȵĳ裡
ݳսʿһһؼһһŵرͷҩ
ƽص֮пһǣħڵҲֽ֮󣬵õ˾ͺô˫صħڵʼ´ħʿǺɵ˲ͻȻڵ˴򲻻ڵĵزħ˻ʵࡣ
ħȻݽթ˽ҲףڲǺɵڶʱɵ죬ͬҲħ岻мһˡ
ʮǰ޴֮еĴˣеʿĿ̹ǣȻҲħеʿǣħ͵ħһ塣
ħħһ˵ûϾеĴСĳ޾ɵ֮¡
ħ͵ħһ嶼Դ޴壬ȻһֱǸ룬ɵʿǶȥǴ˵ʿų̶ȲǿңǵԶԶֲ塣
ֽҲˣ춥ԼΪŴɵϵͷѣ˵ϵͶ֮䣬ʵۺдܲͬԲܹͨҲͰˣּҿɸģϵҪǷƢҲǴӵĶ⣬ʵ۷ƢҲǴµİӣأ
ͲͬˣһֱԼһֱԼΪ鳤֮ΪԼͼƷҲ˵ɱɱҪͿ㵱ʹ
ǹ޴֮ս֮һеħ֮ĳɼѾˣҶһͬĵˡ
֮£ħͨͲˣǶԣҲһǧѷĻᣬ˵ǰʱҲħ֮ʡ
λ񽫽ؿƬˣռǿգɫر
⵽Ǹʲôط
ͷ񽫼Ҫˡ
ȻµĴʱ˿̣ȻҪĲֹ壬ȻҲˣ˵ɵľͷǡ
ɴ֮Уɱ·֮жһ㳹ǵıһ㡣
һŵľͷĬĬΧһмλöޱ쳤Ϻ񳤻ƽ̡
Ψһͬǣǵɫ쳣ļҪˮ
һּǿҶʼɲʺĽһֿ־лصš
˵ֻһǾСеľˡ


379 ʤؼ
ۿŴ֮иɵȻ죬Ϊ޵ʮ֮һӵλλȴѾ˹ֵһ㣬ڣѾһƲһߣʽҲû˹ܣ޵ɵֻоڣûһڰ㡣
ӣ׵ˡ
ӵĸоܵġ
һʼ컹ΪԼʮǰ쵼ˣ쵼˵ӦûԼתֻĽ³Կһһζѡ
ʱһˣ֮һһϲѶ϶ѻɽķ͵ҩ΢΢
ףĴˣһǴףû죬ûЩɾ֮ΪĹǣɵɫ
ϾʤĲǾ
˼Ҳϡѵоһʲôƶûˡ
ɸƷײ¯¯һҲףķѵĴʥˮֻҪǧ֡
ʵǻ۴һʼƵʱоֲĸо̳ʦСҪʦԶԸ֮һзѵԴͷ
λôڸǸթޱȵ֮һֱǱȽϵ͵ģ챣㹻أǰȴǼεɺԣʹβˣȻּͨз֮𲽵װĴ󣬳ɾһָɣֱܹͥ
ɳ֮ħħһ嶼ħħһĲٴܶǱָڹģĿľΪ˴졣
һԾΪȼľͷ֮漴ͶˣʼĿŵ춪ۡ
ҶòƸʤˣ˼֮󣬲ûѼȥˡ
Ⱥ壬ϻ쵰һС쵰ԣ
ݺݵţЩĿĳϾͷǣȴûһ뵽һЩ͹۵ԭ
Ǵ˺ʹ֮
ԶֻеĹƵ˵ϣϸ˼һԭ
Ҵʮǧûû˷ɵȻ죬Եʣ΢΢
ѵƷƷƷԴԴؽ֮У洫ͬĢһӵˡ
ʱֱӵĸоҪȹĸоܣһľͷ֮
Ĳ洫ӣѾĵذɢ֮Уɱսʿǽɻ˲ٵЩܼᶨ洫Ҳ׷׶۳һţȻǱ֮ˣֻż֮ٲҪ䳰ȷһ¡
ʹĵӴͷɥͷػˡ
ڷȻڣѾʼ಻ЭˣһЩ϶ʼȰ˵ŵ̬˺ͽ⣬ʵѾĵ˼ľء
ͨɹݰһɱ˲Ѫȴʵʵػǵӿ̾ϢҪǵ
ԱߵؿһۣصЩ鲻ӦƵԼͷϰɣ
죡бһؿ漴صΪЩһͶȡɣܱȵʮĵô
漴ˣȴǼıģ಻ɳӵ϶ؿű˳⣬Ȳϲ˵ڻǰȥȡװñ˶䵽
ϵѾʮʱˣûгΪʯԴȴҲ˻ʯɣ
Լ˼Ǵɵ˼ȻȥֹôҲֻ۰Ͱ͵ؿŴɳͷֻܺ硣
֮ɱʮʾĸ֣ʵѾ˹Ŀ࿴ˡ
ĴӺսʿǧ۵ԴԴ˵УƤĴɣ˸ʣЩ֮еĢ洫һһľ²ˣð˳ʵǶ۲ˡ
еÿһɵʵѾغƽλã˽ԽͷˣټϷǺľеİɸ޿ֵѾȫûˡ
ڵҲǻ춴Ϊ֮£ҪŭҲŭ˿ɡ
Ļ춴Ѿȹ̶ͣѹסǿɾѱȵˣԼɵ컯ɳλүֲܹ˼Ķ
Ʋѣɽʦı˵ɵҪĴ˵Ҳֻǹ˸ѣûʲôʵʵЧ
ҸոѾͨ컯ɳءĬã׼һʱ䣬ǿմѰһ򣬺彻սߣǹҲֻǵ޴ָȥһѣȻҲǷ޴ǿҲһ˵İɣԼԼģò棡
Ա೤϶ʱ¶һ˿Ȼ֮ɫ
򣬾ֻҲܹǵĶ֣һĨ֮ɫصҪȺ֪ļһǶ쵽ƾʲôɵʮ֮ף
˵仰һĨ֮ɫɷ
ԱߵľͷһۣĬȻͷơ


380 ħ츳
ǿ֮УһҰɫʯγӻתţһʱճϫֻ֮ʯ֮ĴССʯзŲݡ
ЩʯʱճϫĥĹ⻬ԲԲ֡
ֻһСƬȫ˵ǰɭϣԼħ뵷
һСƬȫħƹܵģƽһ򶼹ȫ֣ɲǸô壬ԼйͷҲһڣǱǮһ׬ķԭԼԱҲԱôħڶ£սˡ
ǰʱ컹˹飬ŭƽ̲˴֣Ȼħʵɵĳ裬䳰ȷйӰطһü۵عˡ
Ļʵ̫Ӵˣܹܹʤ࣬˵廹ǻ̫ӴһЩΣֻҪܹ£Ҫ£
Ѿ£ħڣ˳ٽħڵ֣ţħħҲһͬԿӪ֮С
ħһ壬Դ֮ħԴͷɵ֮ԴħһԴԵԨɷȻƲ壬֮ͬҲǴܱ塣ʮֵ
ʮǰʱ屾׼ɽۻɵսԼһ߿֣û뵽ʧ꼰㣬֮˳ӴŰĵطɨһҲ弸ˣԶԸҪκε֮ħħʾľͷҲȻμˣն
һֱħڶɵʮڸѹƵģһֱţһȴǳ׵緢׵ֽŰԼǰЩֶζʩչ˳
ħʿԵЩչֵ쾡£κι˼ɡ
ҶȴǷˣħһȱر츳ɵ˿츳ˣƽȻֲƶ㼯˲ӣħȴ䷢ˣʯ֮ﲼĸʮִ쳣ҶΪ֮Ŀ࿴޲ðɵ֮еǶúùĦĦѧϰѧϰǡ
Ϊʲô֮ϲһЩӴ򹷵أǱڲԶҶ𲽿֮еһ壬ȱ߹·;ᶨƵسʯ˹ȥҶЦѣ漴ĵ˻ȥ
嵱д󲿷ֵй󣬶ᰴմͳʮֹϵļʽԼıԪӡ屾Դ챮棬ʹԼӡ档
ƴͳҹϵǶǼţԼȻսˣҲ֮е屾Դ֮תǵΪǰӵǿҲΪƴͳϵԭ϶ͻһ쳣ºսټһЩƣʹȫһߵ״̬֮С
֯ɵ˷չĸս£սʿǶ׵ףʲôŽӴ򹷵Ϊ
ظͬϷһѶѵսʿԶܵһѶѵؽ壬һѶѵ֯޼ɵֻԶԵѭ֮ˡ
ǴսʿѼ౦͵ҩе巳ϷھŴ֮еŵҲװˣ洫ӼһƷĵŵжǱŵҲʼģװˡ
ֺװĵҲֻĪˡ
ãΪ׵彫Ȼһ
һСƬʯ֮УȻһŨŨѪϢɫѪγһӿȵѪ֮д˻
ӿѪתۼͽٸʵʵذסˡ
񽫽һ㶶ųǹıЩħѪȴû˿Чڣɵһɿֻŵĸоˡ
һͷͷ޴ƥѪɫ޾ſѪſһ֮£ճһ˶ѪɫˣһھͽЩ御ȥˡ
֣Ϊ׵񽫴һͷչֳһ˱۷࣬һɺ嫵ĻһֻɫĻһƾͽͷѪɫ޾Ļһӡ
ͷ޾漴һ޴׵س˹
ͷϵͷͬʱ˱֮£ӿΧѪɫ󾨶Ļ˷顣
ΧѪڽսʿס֮һİ׹ǴѪ֮ˣһ޴İ׹ǼΣȫ¶Χסˡ
ڰ׹ǵΧϣѪҲ䶯š
ģħ󷨣ôܣħɵУħôܼ룡Ϊ׵ʧɫ͵شһһźɫţΧըиĲ˸
һУѣ
񽫵Ļ䣬׹ǼһѪȻ䶯תۼͻһ޴ħͷ­ſ˾޿һھɵڵĹ
¡һһСƬѪ֮бըһ飬ɼѪ⾭ģĶ
ܣħħɵУôɵ
˵ûѪһˣһ飬ħɵйͬĵˣ塣
ɵɱǲˣҲɱǲˣ壬ȴҪǵ壬˭˭ǣǻֲô
׹ǽ󣡡һ洫


381 ͨ
Ѫ֮кȻӿ˹ǰɫˣļ罣İ׹Ǽ񼬴̣Ѫ֮Щ׹ƺħżӲֻ࣬ת֮䣬սʿѾڡ
İ׹ǽס죬ħ糱𵴵ͷתݡ
Χ֮һгһ澵ӣһߺ⣬סԪʶԷԱԼķƴ
񽫵ʱɢ¶˼ģˡ
ѻ꣡ѳ꣡ӱһѻ꾵涸ȻһȦȦ״ĺӰԼţ˸תݡ
ӽرóס˵񽫷ƴš
񽫷زҽħҾԱҲǵõҵط࣡
ҵУҪԱҲǾܵģǧӡ
ȻɳһӰ̧ջһʮεķ
ӡɫʮͷ񽫵ϣϸСĽ⻯һһһ񽫵ķסˡ
ݺݽס񽫵ʶֹԱ
ɫһ䣬̧һָʮͷ׹ħ໹ֽųڿл˵Ӱ
ԼˣҶץס񽫣漴һ޼˶һĻ
꣡չ֮£ӭʮ׹ħʱӰ˷顣
ֻת֮䣬񽫵ʶͱ˸ɾص˵ˡ
ޣӿҶʱЩصҶ֣Ǽƽ̿ǴӦħڣǵġ
ǺǣֲҪ⣬ֻطѵãҽֽ⿪֮ͨҷһ룬ҲҪġҶ̧һƣ˹ȥ̧ЦҰ㣬ֻµ㲻һòϲټҵˡ
ַ֪ҲҫһոͷҪԱĻֻ¾ЩϺзҲᱻһ˸ɾԼ಼µҲᾡƻ
ҪҶĳֻ֣ˡ
ҶһЦļͨؽ֮ɫԻ˵ͷ˾Ҷֺˡ
Ȼħ֣ħֻɱӵУҶ÷ӡֹԱⷨ೹׷ֽ⿪ͣħ֮огֹġ
ͷ񽫵طӵʮͨǧͨ߰ţ֮ϵͨҪֽ࣬⿪Լ͵ڽʡ˼޵ʱ䣡
ⷴ׬ˡ
ֻ󷨵Χ֮·һ˶ޱȵѪڲͣ䶯ţڷʳһ㡣
ɵʮ֮Уñһҵ׷ͨɾһϵıϡׯΨǲ۲۵ࡣ
ӵеıԴ֮磬ĲϼԴԴÿһͨжб˵Щʾĸˡ
̧һץ֮£Ϊ֮С
þΪ޲߼ɵڶԪ񣬶ʿˣ滻
ȵǣ´ת󷨵ʱҪһЩǧҪٻЩЩɶǮ
һ۵ʿߺȵѪɫƣԼһѪɫħڳȻѾ񾳾صΪˡ
µսʵħҪɵ˸ӵĽһֱȫת֮ŽڵĶɨ˸ɸɾ
Ÿ۵Ӵз˳̧һ֮£䶯ݵѪⶸȻ˿ڿмŤ֮£ѾһѪɫĴᦡ
ʦ֣ʣµĶǷǵħᦣΪ׵һħʿڶʵ
ӵϷһٶöӨ͸ȭͷСľ飬һſʵǳһ㣬漴صˡ
˵̧ᵯһǣСһ֮жȻžıѣЩ֮нˣһһһ㣬һӨ綹ĵҩһֱ⼸ӷ˹ȥţַɳ˼Ʒıһ䱦ھ֪ǼƷķ
лʦͣħʿеĵҩͱûЦ죬æ
֮мתЩ漴ȵ˴ȻջķᣬҲȻɵģǶȥ׼ɵˣ
ѪħڵĵǶû˵æӦ
ʱ˿̣ҶָһѾϳȡһߴط࣬׾űۣƺƴ
Ҷ֣ϵǧͨҰɡӳĬ˰Σڵ
ǺǣֵθڵǺܲСھҪġҶһࡣ
漴̧һ֮£ʮֱֻŵıʱһɫ⣬ҶУ漴һ
ҶǾԻҼ۸ҲʮֵĹЩħ˵Ļӭ
ֻҶ׵ĶǷͨʶ֮سѾεͨЩֻͨҪԼķ֮Уĥһʱ䣬ܹʹˣܹʡʱˡ
ڼ۸ҲʮֵİƷıܹȡһöѡ
Ҷ֮ͨͨѾ˼㣬֮ǷֺˡܹرЩʶ֮еķͼ
ӶҶı޴ѵ˼㣬ƷҶûн


382 ط˼
һжáҶ࣬ͷջС
Ȳ˹˵ֶΡ΢Цƺһ㶼ħ
ҶЦڽҲڽҶ˼궼ǰ˭Ҳ˭Ҳ⡣
̧һ֮£ǰöˮһöö˶ķͼ߳죬̣ƣȵɫԲһ
Ա߼Ѿصʿ̴˹Щͨ
صʿѡ˸Ѿõķ֮ͨͳ˱Ҷˡ
ǰһŵķ޵Ҷ֣֮ǲרųȡĵ
¹ػܣǲҪʵıȽϺáҶֻǵһЦû⻰磬ֻǴǵн⼸ԼУȻɳ۶ȥˡ
ǧ֮һеĵͨ΢΢ҡͷ̾ϢһȻ
Ҷ֪Щħ˵ãɵкħһǧ˿ƵĹϵ˵ųֱŹϵ
ûħĴڣ˵ɵҲû֮ˣħúܴ󣬿˵ɵܹչĹģǺǧħ˫ħ֮ǾԷֲġ
ûݶħɵ̫Ľǹˣڶĺ
˶ŻнͺñȵţΪʲôҪ׻ʳ֮صԵˡⲻûԭġ
԰ͨħҶûκεϰҴսʿϽɻϴҶһɶ֮е洫ӣкּۻۣнԻ˼
Ƴ֮⣬ǸַۣͱµʹɳϢлԼħ볣ͷӿӿˮΪ֣ʿ潻ס
ɳǶмλͷɼʯƶɵģ沼Ľƺ󷨣˵ҴС
棬ɵ֮⣬ħħħ켣Уߴ֮顣
Ǽ亱ģħеߴۣʮɵ˵ͷͬʱԼ£ֻҪɳǵĹ涨Զִܣƽһɶɳ֮еĿˡȻǿ˾п˸ص
Լʹ˳˺еİںϵΣħȫܹɵĲɹףʲôԹһŶҪɳǽ⡣
˭ǵﶯ֣ƵıȻᱻѺ̨׻𵶿̵ĳͷ
պ⿴Ϊպǿⷢ¸ģɵķ֮ȫ֮ͬеǴ̵ĺô
ֳͷνأ˻û˵Ҵ⼸ƼɷֻҪɳ֮̾ʵʵ׶ѡ
ſ֮ҲиɵĵӸأŵʿҪһ·Ϊƾַ֤ȻȴʮֵЧ·֮жԼľѪϢʹЩΡ
Ҷ֮󣬸سŵļʿ˹ҶͷҶʦ֣ˣҪƽ̣
ǡҶ΢΢һЦ漴չȡ·
Ϊ˱̽ӻУ֮й涨ˣǵľͷû·Ҳǣһ涨ִеĺܳףҶֿȵҲһ
æ˹ȷ֮漴ͽҶ
Ҷһ·ֱӽͨ츮֮ۡС
ʱƽԼʾģҶˣֻһͷ
ݼƽ̡
ɡ΢΢һЦվ֮еûն񰡡ֻĽˡ
Ҷǣֻħפصһǵλ֣Ҳ͡
Ҫһսˡ
һĨȣƺѾԽʱգңԶǿ֮
⼸գнȸоΣعʵ
ҶЦһڵоͨҲЩƿʼͻơ
ҿɾָ㲻ˡЦҲֻƿǧеĵûа򰡡
ƽԣҸΣ
ƽоһ漴ڵ˼˵ԴҲ޴ĸڣ㲻˼һ⣬˵ܹ򡣡
Ҷɵسһ£ڵǣѾǵͷ˼֮УʥҲɣ˼䣬ֻ½˻ʳˡ
ȴҡͷʧЦѾ٣֮޴ң˼ǵֻ֮ѾˣҶ˴η˼磬˽һЩҲΪԼ¹£˹˼ɡ
Ҷ˵ͷȻˣȥˡ
Ҷ漴ʹӷƳ֮з˳
Ѿ㷵ص˼һˣΪоҪͻƣҪǧķԴѰҿʼ
һҪͨʷ飬ɽӻֻࡣ
ûʲôܹȵιƽ¸ϸ¡
˼֮СҶɴƮ֮ȻԽ˴
һƬ̵ɳĮ֮УԲǧﶼǸɳĮ׻ҫۣɳϣҫۡ
ӦǶıش˰ɣҶһƬɳĮԶĲлϱǵĹ¡
תʶ濱һ˼֮еĶʶ֮һࡣ
˼ֵ֮󺵣궼ûˣɺԣҿʼ˶ҵļˡ
Ҳǳʧ꼰ˡ
ҶɨһתҪߣȻüͷȻӦһ쳣ǿҵ
ٵƬɳĮݵĵشֻϲһСɽƺɫ壬ɢżŨҵȳ׹
ԭˣǸɺԴͷڣ
Ҷɫһһ㣬͵Ծ𣬳Զ˹ȥ
һͷ޴Դħſһ֮£Բڵ˸ɾԭ˿˿ˮʱɡ
Աߣʮֳֵǹͷ޵նɱ
ϧͷ޵ʵҲǵһصΪˣǶǿֻҲ
ͷħƺЩϷЩˣһ˶ԴȻһ˦֮£ΧǰΧļ߶ʱ׷Ѫ˿սˡ


383 Ҷ
ֻ֪Сϣձǵҹͷħغ
ͷħ漴ֱȻſѪһ򵥵һ쫷֮عס⼸ߣĿ˹
ɫ䣬ڿиƲסĶֱε޷ܿͷħ
֮кȻһεи֮ƿջͷħ֮ʱˣ½һ㣬ͨͨ׹˵ˡ
ͷͷħʱһɲؿеĶ
󣡲Ҫˣдһȡ
ħʱһ͵֧Ӵ˹ȥ
¡һǹȻ˴һ鷽ɫСɽӿѹͷļϡ
ͷһӴʱһѹ˱ģͶصѹڵϣֱѹڴڵѪûѹ˿
⼸ͷϵߴɽɫⲨתţֻһ¾Ͱͷ޸ѹѪһĻǶʱĿɿڴ
ôһɽѹԼϣԼҲ˰ɣ
ͷȻô
ҶڿпΧǧݲ˺һ׹ʱüͷˡ
˵Ѿ˵ļˣ岿Ӧøӵѹǣʱ˿Ѿˣȴʼûд̣ԭȴЩѾͷħ˸ɾ
Ѿ׼ˡҶ漴ִ̧ӻȡһ۵ˮ
һ۵ˮ·ˮʱ򣬴ӹڻȡģһˮܹһƽﶼˮȲľãƽ̵Ȩ㶫ˮͲںˣΪ˽Ҷôһ۵ˮ
ʱһ۵ˮֱ֮˲ٵĴܹ⺵飬ܹȴ֡
Ҷ󲮣𣿡һΪߺȻվͷմе
Ҷʱͣסַ
ŶȻҶҵôкȻһ׺磬컨׹䣬ЩƣߵʿǺȻоһɴڣԱ߼صǣ˿ҲѾȬӵվϲؿŴӿдݲȵĵˡ
ҶϲǰӣʵǷܵĶӣ
󲮣ҶҳӣҽҶ߼վǰ󲮣ڿĻ񣡵Ҳʱġ
ã뿪ʮˣҲôˡҶ΢Щļͷϸϸش
Լʮ˵Ѿڳ׵ΪˣʮֵüĿȻֺ¶֮ͽҲڼг֮±ʫġҲǿ˫ȫѧˡ
ҶߵʱרŽˣвѧֻһЩȭ˽ģҶֽͥھʮϵķܹĵĻͻ첻⣬һЩͻҲѰ졣
Ҷϸ̽һΪ⣬һ֮漴ҡҡͷ
ҶȻѾڳףüǴȴһƣѾ֮ͯ׹ǽʳδֻǽдˡ
Ҷֶʵ
󲮣ԻϵǻһֱǷ˳ģֻ֪أһֱú꣬ɺԣ֮ǰʦһͷħǰɱͷħֻǡҶһԱͷħͷħĻЩ¡
ǸСӡҶЦҡҡͷͷѾˣȻֻھֹԶܹܵ
Ҷصţ󲮣˵ͻʥŷġ
ʥ֮ϣ񾳣֮ϻе֮ϻɾҶЦЦļ߰ɣһؼȥ
˵꣬һչ֮£߶Ҷװ֮У۴š
ҶһЦ⼸߾ڷɶ
Ȼ˴󺵣ȴǰӷ˼֣Ȼ󺵣ڻʵ۵ĵ֮£Ҳûаն£ֻ֮У侸Ѿͣϳÿն̳ϼꡣ
񾩳ǵҶ֮УǰģӵĺźʯʨһӦװ綼û˿ĸı䡣
ҶڵһԺ֮С
һ縺ڽڶ䣬Ҷ㡣
ڼŶҶѾ˵ʱˣĹѾ֮Щ֮⣬ûжٸı䣬Ӱ׾ɫԴްף鲻ŭơ
ֻǳ֮УթĶ֮ĺķʹòЩ΢˪֮ɫˡ
ʮȥˣҶҶҴӰû䡣
Ҷ漴ӿ£߽Ժˡ
ôˣͷħɱôҶ㿴˶ӻˣվ׷ʣ漴ʲôֲõصôûͨûеأܼң
ҶȲصҪһϲ£
ʲôϲ£Ҷʵ
һˣѵҪͨôҶ΢Цӿдˡ
Ҷ͵վؿǰͬ΢΢߰׵ĵ˴ӿлںЦؿ
ֵܶ˶ʮδҶ̬ˣҶ׷ȴ
ǡ硭Ҷ㲻ŵؿ˹ؿ磡ˣ
ҶҶļ򣬿ް׵Ļп̾ܣʮ˰ɣҲ˰
ˡ硣Ҷ㱧Ҷļ򣬼صӶôϴСˣܲô
Ѿǲ˵ΪѾתˡҶЦұҲǳϵģһǶģҪԭģǣ̫ˣ
Ҷ漴Ц漴ת죡ǣݼǴ󲮣ǵĴ󲮣׻ﶼˣϽ֪ͨүү̣
ҶļӶ˹ճ׷Ҷ°ݣֱҶҶҶݡҶ
ܹΪҶĸӣҶ檽ʮ֮µҶ˹һʱ֮üΪ֡


384 
ҶĸҶҲŹȸ˹ˣ˳ģϲѡҶϸǼرסһסҶʳʶ̣ǿʼѯϽ֮ûŮҶЩˡ
һѵΧһһٷҶܺҶ䶼ˡ
ǼУгϢģҵĳҶˡҶһĨϣɫʹ㵱һ㣬ȫŰ
ͦŵȴҶڵ㽫ҶҶɵؿЦһǺεˣҸ֪ˡ
ҶʱЩʧʵǲѾΪʧͯš
ܣҲԸ⣬ʧͯҲûʲôҲܹҶջһֻЦֻ̫أûˣóȻ񾳣ֻ»ز֮ݡ
󲮣Ȼ׽ʳҲǺŬеģÿδӲҵ飡Ҷæؿڵ
ãȻɴ־ǺܺõģҾȿ鿼һĸǰɡҶһЦ֮кȻ۶һźݡ
̧һźѾͷ档
ҶһźȻоһȣһĸо
ĸоѸټӾˣȫ··ֻҧһ㣬һĴ̹ǵԼڡ
ֻƬ֮ҶĻ¶ɵض
ͷϺˮʼˡ
Ҷڰ಻סʱʹ󲮣ס֣ҡʵܲˡ
Ҷ̧һץһź漴Ϸ˹֮С
ǰĻþʱɢ˿Ҷˮϴһ㣬شŴˮѾ׵ʳСϪ
Ҷַ̧һϣҶʱָɵµؿҶ
󲮣ʲô鰡ҶµظԼļ
ֻʥ֮ĵһħ٣𣿡Ҷ̾ҵʥ֮漴ħ٣ȹ˾صħ٣ųɾ񾳣־˷٣ʱأųɾ˵ȴһħٶˣɴ˿ɼȷʵûԵˡ
ҶԼɹħʱվһһ˳Ҷɫˡ
ûԵûԵɣҾûͦõġҶˣµҡҡͷ
ûϢĶҶһۣҶ漴һԡͷ
󲮣˵ʱꣿҶȻʲôŵؿʵŶʮ갡
Ͻ֮УͨɵСɽ֮У֮һСɽ֮ʮꡣҶ΢΢һЦ˼ȻѾ˶ʮأʵѾٶĸˡ
ڳе˶ʵʵصһ
ܹתʱֱͨЩ˸ˡ
Ҷ۹ͷǻˣһ뵽˸ոոҧĸоʱֲ֨ˡ
ҶģʱʧЦһ漴ҡҡͷ漴Ȼܰɾ񾳣һĺô㡣
ʲôôҶϲʵ
Ҷ漴ͳһǵؽõеһˣѾûáÿ˵ǣͳһȭͷСѪһѪʱסҶ
ǧ˿ƵѪɫһһ֮УҶ漴ֶõĽͨıǡ
Ҷһļ͹ȫĹнˡ꿦ꡱĹĦȫĽⱩ˿
Ҹоǿ׳ˣҶֽһ˫ȭһһɿ쭵ľҵΧХ硣
ԱߵҶ俴ҶץģʱЩˣΪ͢سʳ֮»ֵ󺵣˴λӦȹ˽ǣһζֻΪԼȡΪ֮
Ҷʱգλүү
үүҷĺˣվȥϰɣ˽һºȻٿǽֵ顣Ҷз˦ص
ǾͺáҶɫ˼֣ͷ

ʳеλ֮ļ̳֮УѾѮ侸ֳֻѣȺ졣
ȺΧ侸ۣչʼݾߵƾԼͷϡ
⼸ռ죬Ѿ侸۸ɹƤڣ˲ٿͷ
ͷ˻ʳ֮أǳԿļ䣬һʱ䷽Բǧﶼụ̂أǧ
ǲ֪ΪʲôͷײѪĴȴʼնҿЩʳ벽
Ҷȴף衣
ʥڳȺаӰܹӰͷ־ģЩѧȻûʲôʥȻһɺȻȺаĪ֡
侸ǸΪĻʵۣеĲѧ岻֪ۼ˶٣ǧϰٵĴ弯ʹͷ񾳵ĴҲַ
кȻ컨׹£һĴֱµء
ǿĳһ¶˼伤ɫæǰɲֹ
ҶӿлЦͬеĻʵۡ
ڳ̳ϼˣȻоһ쳣鶯Ϣӿǵڣת֮ͱþһЩ˳ɼĴҲоϵļ𲽵Ȭ
֮лˣɵȻ
ˣʵ۾ϲæ˹ɽΪ˽Σѣ롭
侸ۿ˵ģ֮󣬺ȻסˣŴͣ΢ЦŵҶ
¡Ҳ˰Ҷһ²˿¶˱Ŀ΢΢侸΢Ц
ŶҶ֣ԭҶ֣侸۾ϲæ˹طסҶ֣һҪȾҵ
֮ǰѾˡҶЩͼΣȻ֣ȴ࣬ǣ˴½ǰһ
侸˳ޣм件ϲ漴̾ϢȻڼұϹʥͣһֱŬҪΪ°ıȡκΣ첻Ը
Ѿ֪ʱǱ֮ˣǸոմһͷޣԲŵ´󺵣ѾѹҶ侸һѯʣҡͷ漰£ĪҪʣҴǰΪǽѵġ
Ҷ֣֪ܷ󺵣侸
׶ҶʣȻһЦ漴гһϾһӨˮ飬һ䡣
Ҷ̧еĲг֦һд˻ĳˮ
֮кȻһӿˮ֮̾Ƹ
꣡һ׶Ȼըˡ
īһ㣬Ѹٵؾ͸ϵˡ
ת֮䣬֮еžص곾챩ꡣ
ˣ콵֮£ʦϰնʱûϲأո蹦̵
ʳ֮УԭѾɺԵĺӵˣһ֮Ҳ̺˼֮ĵطŨŨЩú꣬ݺԵׯҲѾʼˡ
ıɳĮشѾ̲𣬳һɽˮģȻ


385 ̫
ҶõˮѾ׽˺飬֮еˮݶ׵Ĳˣһʮ궼ٳֺˡ
ʹ֮У侸ΪغʼȺͬ죬¡
֮侸رԼҶ鷿ҶҶҲһˡ
Ҷ֪λϿ϶ˡ
£˼Ĵ󺵣Ƶ伴Ҫˣɴܣ꼰ˣʧ꼰㡣ҶŲӣɫص̾Ϣ˸ֺ֣ʵ޽ҲҴ˴Ѿ㶨ˣŷ˼˳һѡ
ʲôԭ򣿡Ҷܿʵ
ǻǲ֪ĺáҶҡҡͷ֮²ֵܹģ˼Ӱ죬̫ĲΪ߸£Ϊ˳߸Ҽɣͷħѱסò˶ãħͬͻ᷵ʱԻὫһݡ
Ҷܺ侸ɫĵ˵ͷû˵ʲôˡ
Ҷɾ˵ͷ֮֮в֪ʹһĪϢ˵ǻʵ۴ˣЩѾõ峤ǣҲҹ̫ˡ
Ҷ£ʱ䣬ҪȺһ£ʱҾ͵ʼԺдһʱˡ
úúãû⣡侸жʱֿ˻飬޶Ҷֻ֣ǡ޽е岻ʣá
ʼЩ£̧ۿҶһۡ
Ҷҡҡͷʵ۵ĸĺ󹬼ǧΨһǣҲѵľǳϵˡ
£˵ҪһζпǾ͵ǲ˶ǽǽǵ˳ȴ˸ˡҶеεصǵòʧģǸоãﵹвǿ׳ǵĵҩΪ˻ʣҲǿж˼֮ʹЩʿõҲҪ۵ġ
Ҷɫ쳣¡
侸ʱʹ˸£ʱ˹Ȼͷǣʧˡ
Ҷ˵ͷӻȡһƿѰӤݸ侸ۣ·ô˵ҩÿʮһɰٲ棬ܹ١
侸۴ϲ漴˹
ʼҴ֮Уһһŵ⴦֮С
侸漴ֳ´Ļᣬ䣬Һź嶼ϹŵĹ±伮һһ˻ʼ֮УҶġ
ҶЩһһĶӡĪʷǡ
ǴԶʱһʷ顣صĶޱģҶʵġ
˳ӵ伮ڵ֮Ҷ̾͸оԼʶ֮е׳˲١
תʼ֮УǿЩѻɽ鼮Ҷ˵ĶˣҪӡҲһ״ƴĹ̡
ô͸Լôһ׮ò¡ɿЦԼԴ
⼸Ѿǲ侸۶ٴλ򰵵ذҶҵ˴թҩˣлһЩҶõļҲǺԼһֱһ֣Ͻʱ˺ܶΪĵҩȻĻ侸۸
Ҷ֮еҶܡҶ仹ҶЩѾֻһζػ۹£
漴һŵϣ˳סһϵ鼮֮󣬾¼ȡ
Ҷƺһϸ΢֮
ôҶе
תߵ֮С
񾩳ǵϿ֮УѾǷɫˡ
ɴɵħƹȻٵ񾩳ǵϿ֮У漴˿һͷߴǧɵ֮Σݺݵ񾩳ǡ
񾩳ǽֵ϶ʱһƬʧİ
ס֣ʳ֮жȻɳһֻ߲ʴ֣ԼĶһ󣬶ʱסֻͷɫһƣֻͷѾɢ˿
кȻһͷħգҰģȻѹڵ£
һླħ㻹˵Щ̫˵ɡҶ˻֣漴
ͷ׵ħʱŭһҰˣñֶΣ
Ҷ˫Ŀⱬ䣬ȶԭأжȻһ޴Ӱ
һ˫һţȻʩչطָ֮ͨ£Ӳؽһȭ
꣡
ͷ޷˯}˵ĺ𵴵ΧɽͷЩζ
֪Ȼ
Ҷر˳̧һץһͷͬʱס˲˵ˡ
ңңԶһ֮£ѹͷħС˹
໣ͷޱҶһס˲ӣذ˵ϣ漴ֱҶݺݵؽظѹסѹ̯֫ģ
ƾͷѹƵģ·ԭһ㣬ƾλζ޷ҡϵĽ
ͷް췢쳣ŭĺɾǺݺѹϵȴһһռ֮УһǺݺѹ档
ͷͬʱϵľѹѪ
ϵĴͨʱڳ˶סˡ
侸ۣǴؿҶģ
ڳеķ֮ˣ޲Ҷ¶һͨסˣ޲ֵؿ
Ĳϼ֮ѾӵƷˣټͨļѾԽһƷ
Ҷ֡侸սսٹ٣ӻʹ˳˼̳һɫСɽѹŵͷŭħ
侸۸һڿˮѵʵҶ֣ɾͷħ
赣ģҷɽʱԻὫȥҶ漴ЦЦο侸ۡ
漴תص˻ʼ֮УĶԼòĶд䣬ȴ漴ͣ˽Ų
һ嵭ڿ
Ǻͨѹܹѹסˡ
Ҷֶվڼ̳⣬պȵ߿ڵĸˣ
һͷɫͷһ˫֮ͫɢűɫĹâҶ
ȻҲ£ݷȴ˵ۻƴ󣡡Ҷаоһ£Ӧǵز֮˰ɣ
Լභ£ǲķȴԽ˼𼸸ˡ
ΪͣǺηʿҶһ΢Ц
Ҿ̫ӡ̫صλ֣ѾǵľͷˣǺ˼ûʲôϵΪ޹ѹҵ£Ƿһˣ


386 ʷ
Ҷʵ̫ΪҪ˵˼ȡѪʳ˼ǶԹˣ
̫Ӵŭһǿʳһ˼磬ûм֣һѪʳõôô
Ҷص̫ӣ˼ɵĸԴ֮أϽеɵʮħڣ˼еͳᣬﵷңʱ͵ɵʮսˣ㣬˵ʥضȥңǻ᲻ջ𣿡
̫ŭ󵨣в̫ô
Ҷص̫ӣΪ֮һҲˣɵ˻λ춴ľͷһʱﶷ˵ɵˣħҲŹǣ񻹲ﶷʱ򡣡
ﶷ⻰ʲô˼̫۲âһҡһ´Դʱû˼ţֻǵͷҶ˵͵
һȻçǾӶûУǻûпħͬʱԵĵزҶôдӲв֮£̫Ӷʱˡ
Ҷɡħ޴ĴȻִһʮǰҲǱ弸ôΪβȥ𣬷ҪС
̫ɫһϣʱҶŻĲ֨ˡ
ҶתΪ˵ˣ̫ҪѪʳô
⻰ʲô˼̫ؿҶ
Ѫʳܱȵ壿Ҷ΢΢һЦ̧һ֮£ʮսʿɵ̫ӵǰ
̫дŹſھ̵һսʿھ׽ϺɫѪĿڽ֮˳
ãȻζ̫򴽱ߵϺɫѪȣһһƬһͷսʿܹҶʮĹãСӣ㻹ûУ
̰֮ɫ
Ҷ΢΢һЦɳʮսʿ̫һھ˸ɾ
һ岻սôҶɫǿ֮гǧڽ̫ӵʵЩ廹ĿѪʳ
е̫еˣֵ̫ðɣ̫Ӿͻȥһ¸ʣһҪսҪ̹㹻ѪʳӺûᶼҸˣ
Ҷ̧һСϵͷޱ̫һ漴ͳԶ˹ȥˡ
˵漴ͺһ̫Ӵħ·֮С
Ҷ΢΢һǰɷǸˣǰһžɵ˱Ｘ䣬̫ɣֻ˼綼Щɵġ
̫ӵ֮Ҷһ鼮漴ͷص޴֮С
ɸ֮УҶȶڴ֮ϣǰһ˶ĹһŽܵ֡
Աߵһµͭ棬ȼ㻨ɢµĿ
ҶͷϷһŽɫĹⲨתһȦһȦ״Ĺַ߳εģ֮С
뵵ĹⲨչ򽥽Ȼһһ㡣
ļҲýʣ·ɵһ㡣
񾳾صط࣬Ȼɢ޳ȴܹԪͨʮȴǽԼķתؾ¾׹ͨȻԼܽϣǵһأ֮
صĲ֮ΪΪҪԼϣҲӶǿǳɾ˲֮
ĳ̶ֳ˵һؾʥ֮֮ʥǴľ봿໥ϣ಻֮ǽԶԶȾӸӵϣɾһǶôĲס
ҶȫԼȻͨԼת˲֮
ֻʵ̫һЩܿѰֻܿԼá
һʼⶼ˹ʹ
һָһеǵ漴ַһҳ
ÿÿطԽһ鼮ͷϵЩĽɫĹ߶һ֣ƺ׳
ȻˡҶ鼮˳˼֮ˡ
һ˫СִӺ̽˹ļͷһɵĺŵĻ㴫Ҷıǿ֮С
Ʈ塣Ҷ漴еĺصĵ伮ֽƮ뻳
Ʈ̽һϸ׵ֵָؿҶе᣺ʷǣ֮һʷ顣ѾǵľͷˣѵҪЩ鼮ô
Ʈɻص
ǰҲһʷǡݴ˵ⲿѧߵļ棬ʱֵʱ򣬾Ϳʼ¼ʷǣ㾭ٴĻʳĹģҶӵԴʱ˴Ը֮󣬼ӵܾʼ𲻶ϣʹǾ˸ĳıңɱסᣬұסⲿƴĵ伮˲òǼļ֣ңҿ¼鶼ʵ¡
ƮʵƤɻʵȻ£
ȻˡҶһᣬصصʱͳʳ˻µĲֹԼӵܣ췢´ԸҪеʷʹʷǲ鼮ںϾҶϼȻ񾩻ʳų¼µ伮ⲿʷǻûеõΪˣر˼һ⣬ҵ壬ų¼һ
Ʈ岻ʵа𣿡
ҶʱЦˣƮ壬ҪôƲ˼䣬˼֮ԴͷȻܹٴ֮ɼ˼дڣֻжʷܹͨŽ񣬶˵Դͷڣһγ׳ҵ֮⣬ҵѧ˵Ҷе١
˼ЩѧĴȻͬӵ֮ȴʳԣȻӵ֮ȴ֮ܳ
ŶǼƽ̲ҲǴ˼ôƮ岻ʵôͨ
ƽʱǧǰӰټʢսʱʱѧעʵãҡӼҡݺҡҡũҵȵӰټҶڣĩβʳͳһʢƽ̾ͨӰټѧ˵ȴԻȨأһֱ򲻹ʵϣʿռ˴Ķǻʳ֮صĴҶһգ鼮ɫصصžΪʲôôƿصԵˣеվ޷޳ԡ
ţǰҵҲˣױɱ֯ϵϴԹŸȻо룬оʼն޷ͻƣְִƮ˼ص˴үү֮󣬴үүרŽڸҺܶѧʶҳװүүȻɱϵʵҲǺܺõġ
޸Ҷ֮ƮҲƺҶΪүү
ǰϾҶҵˡҶЦЦҴҲҶҵͽ˰ɣ
ƮҡҡͷεصҾòǣڴҲȲˡ
ͨԴڴˡҶһҶᣬҵͨȴĪİ


387 ǹ±
Ʈ壬ʵԭ粢ûʲôֱģڷѾûκεʿĴڣһЩǧͨ˶ʧˣ˵иɵһɱͨѾ˼ǼˣλǰéеǳԵȴǿڷ˸ɱ¾֮Щ̵֮ں̣ȴһ˼ʳ֮пˣЩӰټҵĵ伮ȫܹӵģĸ˵ģɱͨʵǺƫĿ
Ҷ̧˸ƣͺñȹԽǮĿĶһ˵ĺûһƫˡ
Ʈ岻˼ص˵ͷ
˵Ҷ˵Ȼ䣬ʵһȻžһ±˿һССĹˡ
Źתۼͻһε
ţƽ̾ȻҪټңҶסüͷ˳˼֮С
ȻѾˣƽ̾ϵ쵼ƽһǳΪ֮ΣɳҲдֹۣ֮еĸɵӾһ飬Ѳ߿ܣһˮƽˣ˭Ҳָܹ˭ʹ֮һֱˣͶٵãҲûжҪĵ飬õɵӵ͡
͵ҩҫۣĺôܹȥ
ʲô鵼˽أѲ̫ӣܣһܹչڵѾûʲôˣǽƻǣܻô޼ɵ
ɻҶ漴Ʋһ·ͳͨɷ˹ȥ
ɵС֮кҶֱӽɳ֮ڡ
ղ϶Щƣء
жżӣɫ԰ףĿͷϵĽȴѺۣ֮зһͷϵĽ𵤣޲Ѻۡ
Ҷʱһ𵤶˿ɴ˿ɼܵ˲ᰡ
ǰȥָһŵɫĹ漴תת֮ͽǽϵѺ۶ֲˡ
⼸ͷϽ𵤵Ѻ۽غ£ָ˻ԲϾģˡ
лƽ̺Ҷʦֳ֡Ȭ֮漴¶˷޷֮ɫݵƽΪ򲻿ɹϢǰˣ
ƽ̵ͷҿĺˣҾͻᵽǹȥʱΪǸ
⼸ǿѹеķŭһȻתͷ˳ȥˡ
Ҷݼƽ̣ƽ򸣽𰲡Ҷ
ˡӰתߵǰ
Ҷ˴رҪһ¡ɫصص
ƽ̷Ը
ǹĵƳС֮ڣΪᷨ˵ĵӽ˳ͻγͻЩҹˡ̾ոյǼӾˣЩˣǾȵüʱֻֻתˡ
ȻŪôôƽ̣ûɣҶüͷ漴ʵΪˣϢһҲˣϾСǴǹĵ̣ǹϾϵˣСҲǵĵ̡
һʼҲģڱڵ˵ӶԷЦһ֪鷢չȴ˳ˣǹĵӽЩ䱾ˣһһ׮֯ıĲ߻λľͷӣûʲô
Ҷ˼һ£漴ŶǴǹڵĵû
⵹ûСصصһȴ˺ʹǹĹϵŪúܲҵȥĻֻǡ
ֳ֮ɫ
ҶһȻ뵽һˣǹôʮа˾ҪջԼˡ
ãҶһȭͷʧ
ôˣʵ
Ҷ޺޵صǹ϶ļϸˣǹЩ߲Ҳ޴ˣô޴ļƾȻУ
üͷһɫٿȻɫˡ
Ƭ̧֮ͷǷһĨЦˡ
ðһĨâϬ⣺͸Ͽȥɣ顣ʡôȥˣ¹شǹ˵ǧ򲻿ɵˡ
ҶͷˣһҪãƽʧǡ
Ҷǰʹǹ
˸ոճʱҶʱǰǹѾ˹ÿһʱ䣬ҪǹһЩˣ˳ʹǹ£һ¹ϵ໥ͨһ£ìܡ
һ˳еٵĸо޲˲Ƶ˴ǹڣһǵ۱¡
Ƭ̵ĹǰѾǻǺˣҶкȻһĨףֻһϤˮϮˡ
һ̣Ѿʲô׹ˡ
ãϵˣ
Ҷ͵ڿͣסˡתߣ֮жȻһǰ·ǳһ㣬Ӵķ˹·һһ㣬ն׷סˡ
Щ֮ԼӴĿռ֮Χ˷
ҶͺһСȻӱڿеһתΧסˡ
ȰĺӰѸƥҶǰؿ
üһλصˡҶס˱ޣ֮ͣУصλʾĸˣΧôһССĵһصʿòô
ʾĸ¶˲м֮ɫˡ
ߣǸ߹屾ǲмôģʮǰһսҪЩ̫ڽƻǸ߹Ҳ˻سԨΪصҲֻǡ
㣬Դֱۣ²ϺɫƬһŹǴ̣а˼㣬ȴִһְݵĸ߹֮Ϊ֮ᡣ
Ҳûа취飬Ҷд˼ţ֮ʮǰӵѲδЩѾ˻Ǻ֮нǧˡΪ׵һصٶʵ̫ˣٹϼֻ֮꣬еĴҲ޷Ʒ㣬˴˴ηܹ׽ͽ׽ܽ׽͵ظɱ
Ҷһݡ


388 ǵǰ
ͨɵĿʦүҲʦԭѾǵػ춴ΪΪʮǰսʱ򣬱񵶸նʼˣ翪ʼͣرţ󲻵֮£ֻʬѡͶ̥תת֮ǰȴǽѧʶ磬ͻƵ˵صΪܹƾʵάסź绯Լתȥˡ
Ĺ񵶼ĴѰĵʿһֱ֮Ӿش֮Դתֻ֮󣬵˵ӡҲεشԼ֮Уһ֮Աȱ˥ʮٶΨֻֻʮεĻᣬܳ׵񵶵ӡ
ϼмֵܹͨ񵶵ĴɱһնˣתֻҲͣĽ
Ҷóͨȴǡǡĵ˵֮һ
˵κֻҪɷͨ߼ε̬ҶƵġ
ǧ֮У˵һڶԸģҵ壬ֻصûԭġ
統Ȼľ˽ˣǱϾʱΪ̫ǳ˽Ҳ޵ģԼĵл֮£õͶӰ֮󣬼۵ѧʶһٱ֮£شﵽʦﵽΪˡ
Χļɫ쳣䣬һɱֱĳ֮֮ɢĺǵġ
ȻʮǰĲҰȻ˽ѵĺպѾλ棬սȴ޷Ĩɱǹֽ
վʳ˵ֽԸϧǵĽԸڱرƺʹţͷѪ
Ҷ֮УͷСֻǱŸ첲ЦصλߣΧңѵͲǵǰôǴǹĵ̣
λͬʱЦһǹĵΣݺȥǵƨ
ǵ۵ĵΣǵǸϷûзǱΪ׵һλʺٺЦ
ǵǰǲҪټôˣ˼ҶѾôͷҲסҶͷϵСתţ漴ֿЦһеΪ⼸λضĶ֣
ǿ֮ûκεĶ
Ҷ΢΢Цǹܣ㾯ͳڱûеĻôǹͲˡ
һۿƶôĻӹܣȻܹôã϶Ҳй֮˵ǹǿ΢ͼάתҲ̫ˡ
ٺ٣ǵǸ϶أаٽ˰ǵǸ϶᲻㣡Ϊ׵ʱŸ첲ϷһؿΧмҶ
ǺǺǣֶǺöȻܹڵл֮»˴ݣԶȻһƳЦ
һǹ貵һͨ˲Ϣ֮ѾҶǰ嫵ĴΧܲ
λöףһɫǱ֯ɵĴɢżӿĴһδִӰΧתݡ
еĻò̫õĹ򣬾ܹǣӵнҶѾ˼οˣѾ¶Ҳʲôǳˡ
˱һܵĽṹݲƻǾٺãҲҶ¶˾ģֻҲʲôˡ
ڴϵǵһЦеģֻ۹ɨӵͬ䳰ȷҶʱȴǴһĨβסΡ
оԼǵ˼Ҷһۿһ㡣
Ҷ֪ˣȻûдİϷͲ³ˡ
ô˵˽ҴԼİϷǵϹŶлЩ̫ˬģҶСʵǹġ
ǹǵۣʶʱʧɫ
ǵûٷϻˣô˵ҶҲǹĹͣùԼǰˣôҲ̫˵ˡ
ָ̧ᵯһǣҶž˸ĵ⣬ըĹʱը˿ҶȻһɣವһ³Զɶȥ
ͨǵ۱¡
޷Ҷдʱ𺳡ոǵ۵һ֣ۿʮǵ۵ָ𪣬֧صľ㣬ÿһָ涼һӰби̡ѹɵȵɱƵǧÿһŵѾ˼ֲľأѾϸ΢ĳ̶ˡ
ָ֮ھֲ˿ռ飬һëû˵ȻҶϻǲƽ磬ǴһҲصĽͷĺܲˡ
ǵһ¾ͽ֮Ҷתһ̵شڷ˿۾Ѿ˽ɫ󣬽ضǵ۵Ķ
ǵ۸ո¶һ֣̲صϤиɵֻͨ⼸ͨ϶ֱǽŴõ˼㾳أָһ֮£и뷢ͽԼ촷ۣȻɵͨ飬ΪԼȴһëû˵
ִõ۷ֶΣʵǷǳĿֲָּ˾޴ɱҲҪΡ
ԼĵлǲЩ⼸Ŵգ㲻ɱУҲ־أ١Լһˡ
ҶлȻһˣǧ֮Уǰ˵Ը䡢򡢻ҡСڵľͷ˵ڼҵĹи𡢻硢ɡ̵ȵͨȴҹ֮е׺ɱС


389 ǵֶ
ǧʵһеĻκεĴǴǧΪչģԼȴһ۲۵С
ǰԸҵеǳԵЩɹ֮ʵʵȴѾԶԶκεĴ
˵е˵ͨվ۷֮ռͨκ޷⡣
Ҷһ͵ǵ۷ͷһĨ亹漴а⣺ʱ֮һҪϸһյĴ˲֮ʱֻҵľͶ֮䣬ͻޱȾ޴ˣ
ǵ۾ǽ⼸͵Ĵͨ۷ľ磬Ϊ磬Ͷ֮䣬ͶԵ˲˼ԵĴЩҶƴʩչıи赭д絽˼㡣
ʱ˿̵ǵѾ⼸ͷʶ񶷳һš
ģ́һָ֮£Χǹ貣ǳת֮£貵ǳԱճƥʹЩиãƾ޷ǳ֮
ͷʻδͱǵ۷ɳһֻǹ貵Ĵ֣ƮƮһһ֮£صʻĿռͬʱգȡеȻô˵ϡ
ļͷʷ˾춯صŭŭӵ۹ת˶Աһ޹ͷСҶ
Ǵ˴ԭǷҪҶ׽ģ׽ɹͻɱҪҶһٻɱҶзҪһٻɱʵѶֻ̫ܼߺ޵ؿҶһۣȻתڿշ
ٿ죬ҲǾԿ첻Ѿ޳ɽǵۡ
ٴһѹˣΪһܰ˳ѹ⡣
ǻܵǶӡǵЦһȻһָ̧֣һѹһʱշ籩γɵҵɢ˿
꣡Χվ֮гһһŵ˶ǳգЩ˶ǳɢǳһվ׷סˡ
ճǹŤ֮»һһŵټķһ˶ʮǳ״޴âȻһ׹ص˼ͷʵˡ
ߣ屻ǹճϣ漴ɢûȫӡȫķ
ͷתͷҪܵʵ̾ͱסˣ·𶳽˴걦ʯ֮еһ㣬ϵıɼ
ͷʱӡ׷סҵشһ㿪ʼٵСһ⣬ϡﻩӿеˡ
ʱ˿̣ǵ۱»Ǽλʣûз֣Ҷ֮УȴƣγһĨʮǳģ漴
æµõǵҲû뵽һİҶȻǸ۲۵Ĵǡ
һԵҶ壬ȴһȦһȦľŲⲨͫ׷·ͨһ棬֮Уɢϸϸߵǳͣţؽոǵ۵һȫ
Ҷɫ£ǵ۵ͨ¼Ȼʼͨʼϸܲ
ǳеӡҵ죬϶һףǰʮλļǧȻһŴҶһ޵
˿޷Ҷеˣĳ̶ֳ˵ǵ۵ŷѾԶԶҶ칦񸫡
ԽǰļͨǲףǰʮǧѾǿһϹʥ͵ĵ伮Ĵṹ֮ܣֱǳĲ
⼸ܹͨѾǳˣǵ϶ȻܹһϴʵǷǳ˲ĳɾ͡
ҶɲΪŷǵǸ϶ԴģΪԶԶʤƽ̶ûпܴ־춯صĴ˵϶Ǵǹ֮ǰȱһһԴĴǴǹѹ׵ľУӦһֱǵһųƵġ
⼸ͨͨ͸ɾɴ˿ɼǹܹôãûѹ׵ķͷ
ǵ۵ɫȻЩÿԼҹڵѹ׾ѧ֪һЩ֪һЩʱ͵ɱˡ
οǵ۵ĴǹȻûжֵļȴһֱΪԼǱڵĶͷ
Զһ㾫է֣ʱȭһ㣬漴һֻյľ֣ǵ۱Ϣһȭ
һʮֵգǵŭһתĻ֮£Ӳصסһֻ͵ϮĴ֡
꿦꣬ӿҵʱշ籩γָֻظסˡ
ǵҲõʮɣڴ֧ȻıѾõһ渽˺ͨǵڵ硣
ֻ͵ϮĴֶʱЦһٳֽǵۻˣԱߺһϬĽɫƿջɱ
ɫĽʮ֮ǳȴϢΧʯһϢгɹ⻬ꡣ
һ֮£ʱͽӰͱһԴ
Ӱֲ֮£Ҷƹһ˸ţʥ񽣵ᴩʱýӲ
ţͷϺȻһƬɫ쵵ĹⲨһ·ɽ˸ɫĹ˹
ԣһɿ˷ɢ˿
Ӱ˾춯صŭ
ûӰӦҶһ칦ݺնӰϡ
Ӱͷ쳣Ŀŵһ㣬˳ļǳһĿĵѺۣ·𱻸ͷһ㡣
ЩѺƺڲͣɢһ㣬Ѻ۲ͣؿʼɢ


390 ԼΣ
칦񸫣ôܻľѧӰʹŭ
ҶҲش̧תСһת֮£ͽźӰУĥһҧϣȻݺݵѹסˡ
Ȼֻһظ˵ķҲСļֵҲԶԶʤһĵˡ
ĥҵתУɫַת֮£ĽǴĥ֮в̲ͣصķͷֱԨ纣
ĳСӣȻһһҲɱ㣬ΪͷӰ쳣ŭС֮ееȵͨһһ㽫ѹסˡƾεûЧ
С֮еǶͨ˵Ѿȹ̵һֱ̬ĵزˣƾӰͨٸߣҲ޷ѹơ
ӰֻһھӨӶѣȴǵؾͷɵĵڶԪ⻯
֮ŭ
ḥ̂Ҷ
֮ȣħ֮䣡Ҷ̧һ֮£ɫ֮нɳϸСɻƬڿоɢ˿ȻȻˣ޺ۼˡ
ʵֶܾˡǵ΢΢һЦ̧һ£⼸ͷȫϸܵ˹⼸ͷʾ͸ֶˡȨѹˡ
⡭ô˼ҶʱЩȻ⼸ͷĲʼֵǿԺģҪ˵⼸ڴĲ֪жٺöǵ϶һСģôܻô󷽣
ѵҪԼոջõöԪ飿ҶʱЩ
ǵ۹Цʲôõģ˴ǹܵ˾ţǵĹǺǣֶ߰
϶һ򶼱Ƚʶġ
Ҷ֮⣬ǵȴûֵҪֻǰļ򣬰οһ֮漴ɵҶ˹УΪӷϴ
ô飬ȻûǵΪҶӷϴա
ǹ֮Уĵͷڣƽ໥֮Цֻ̣ҶоֵǣȻû
ҶδѾظоˣ鲻Ǵˣǳ׵ִˡ
գƼֱû󰡣Ҷ׵ëˡΪ٣ȴȫһȺûжٽļһǶʩѹ
ƹѲ˹ζ֮󣬼λɫʼЩȻˣһؼ͵ƵƵǵʹɫ
ǵ۶ʱаȺɱǧ˸ӣһʲô׵飬Ӵǰ档
ֵֶָ֮£սε͹ͨɵƽ̡ǵ۸ɿһ漴ЦǺǵصֶǹڵĵӣ˹˽ش壬жʮֵĽȵģҲԿ˵ˣҲǶ壬㿴
ҶоƱζһ£ˮ˳
ͻһȻ֮⣬ǹĿĲҪˣҪ
鷳ˣ¿鷳ˡ
Ҷ֪ﶯĵĵС֮еĴȻ󣬵ȴԶԶȲһ˴ǰ壬ǽɽ𵤵ʿڵ龧Ȼͣ洢ĸֱʮҩǲһ롣
Ҫ֪һβҪŵرķѹĥҪʱĻ۴ĥҪĹ֪ж١Ȼǹ֮бȾŴɶԣȴɲǲġ
һĲҪ˿ɾҪ鷳ˡ
ĸ˸ӳ⣿һ֮£˺Լֻ´ңŴưոݣ
ط˾Ʊˣһ뷨
ǵǰڵĵҪһսͷĻ˲⣬ҵĻӭһȫֵ֧ġҶװû¾ƱЦ鲻Ҫƽͬ⣬ҾͿԴӦһЩʱϾб޻ġ
ҶͿһǬŲƣѴ¸Сˣһ֮£նʱסˡ
ڳλǻгסĳͷ
Ҷѣûǹ˼Ǵǹ˼ǣҪֹԼҪ򣡡ԱߵĻǸӣվڵǴǹ򣡡
һʱԾеĵͣסеľƱסĿתؿҶ
飡סڣǵ۲Ȼŭѵһ
㬵ضݺݵصҶ
Ҷ˾Ʊɫʼղ䣬ǵ۵ɫȻЩΣǺȻԱߴǹĵӶ飬ǹڶӺͳǵǳͳһ
Ƕ޷ӴķⱻߣҪ
ֲã⼸մǹĲٵ£ŪԹصԭԴȴڴˣ
ԭˣǵ϶˳֪Ǽλʵ·ˣȴǹβܣȻҶԼٳһ飬ź˵
֮һʱ֮䣬ҶҪ嶯վƿڴһƥӣı
ЦѣǹĵӺͳȺĿļһǣǴӸϾǿñ˵õ˺ôֵˣĳ̶ֳ˵еԴҪսʿʹ֮еĴʥˮԴβǸ³ĳǳ֮лཻ׳
ΪԴŴ̼˳ǳغͽ׳ĳ


391 һҩ
ҶɫɨΧ˵ɫ
ҶֶЩֱڿ죬ǧ⣬⡣ǵۿɫϴżʵЦ⣺Ɑơ
ǵ۱£ⱭȲúȣһ£ǹУ˭ģҶɫ䣬ڵ
ֶʲô˼ǵҲЩˡ
һɣˣʮа˾žļҶһ仰ʱԾ
ҶԴǹ˽̫ˣ൱һֻ󡣬һĿǳƤĸ󡡣
ԴȺԸԴȻ֪֢֢͵³׵ҩܹΡ
Ҷһҩµù͹ݣǵ۵͵һŵâ漴ƽϢþɲ
ǵǰΪЩ嶼㲻ʲô𣿡ҶЦˣôҲǾôʮϢˣҸ֮һЩ̫ϳϵжϣʵԶԶֹڿģ˵⼸壬ֻ䵱̽Ӻڻң˶Ļǿ½Դġ
ŶԸꡣǵ˸漴Цʵ
ʮǰһսǰˣͬʱҲǵĽ֤ǵĵλȨҲΪˣҲ˽ѵʶ塢塢ħǱвǴ˴ǰ϶һܵĲ߻Ͳ𡣡ҶЦٵĲһսҲܻһ־սһ£޵֮гѾõɣһǾһԡѪսŵ춨ĵλսأ˵ףԸ壬ЩҪԵģƾһԸ壬۵ΪϾսֵ֮ĶһЩͨսʿ˴˴֮⣬ûмκʾĸ˳֣˵أ
ǵ۵ɫ΢䣬˳˼֮ˣ漴ֶԵȷأ
ҶЦǵ۱£˲˵ûСȷǵģջʱɵӰͺûУ
ǵ۶ʱֻǳĬ
ǵ۱£ˡֱԣǰҼƽܹ֮˵ˣΪƽ˳ǵ棬ֻҪõ棬ǰôֻһ˭òǵãʵأֻһʹѣҪתǵ˼˺ǵ棬ת֮Ҿͻᱻǲڽ£Ҷ赭дصϾֻһһʿ˶ѣûκο̵ĵطҪָȥ˵ǣǲܵģҼƽ̣Ҳ˵ǣ
ǵ۶ʱĬ
Ϊɵ棬ĴȻ죬ѡǱϥҶЦΪƽ˭ǰֻҪЩ˵棬ɻǻᱻ׵οƽ̣뵽ʱһҪ֮ң˵ССмˣƽҲƿز־ƣصĺ˵ͻ󹬺˵ĳͻˣ뿴Ҵ˸ˣķˣǱ˭
ǵۻضͷԼкǳ֣оâ
ѵΪǴǹǾ˲ɣԱߵˮӿЦ
ȻѾǳĴˣҶȻܹƵסŭиӳԾڵ޴Դ֪֮
Ҷ춷Ƕ£ıƵʱһﻹڴſɿأֵ׼õ˼ֶܹεҲ̫Ҷ˼˰ɣ
˵ˣ޴ʿǶһҲǴǹԵģҲֻǹϵѣΪǴǹҲܸԡҶʼ漴ٺЦΪܹӦĻô˺ԼҲûʲôˣ˷ȥоӪԼɣҪԼѣԹ󹬵ΣӲҲֻǻһسŵѣֻǵ۱£ˡֱԣĲѺۣǾûа취޲ˣһ󹬺˽ܹϺôǸôپϺĶԸأ
ҶôдӲһвʶµǵۣͷ̾߳һĺˮˡ
Ѿǰ϶ĵˣôҲܸıģʮǰʦүϥͶ⵽˽ŵĲɱӵûоȻǲõ
ڻԱټ˾ѵĻǹҪսˡƨҲףһѾʲô
ֻ´ǹҪӴˣһ뵽һ֮ǵ۵Ӷٲˮ
ǹ֮е΢ͼ˵һʮŸҲֻеһѣڶǸĹͷˣһɲڻսսʤ壬ԼıԹ󹬶Ըаһ󹬾ȻΪôһӬͷС˺սԼôáͻȥתһ˼ͺá
Ҷ仰ԾʹвζǵִҪ˺ԼĻôܾҪʧȥеѺϵˣǹ˵Ĺͷ
вǹôҶҲ䣡̫վؿڵ
Ա߼ĵҲɫƵվһԲ״ͼҶΧסˡ
вҶ治ɫ¶һ们ı̯˫֣λҲǵľͷˣҸľ綼ҸߣǹĵҲǿҪ˵вĻ׿˵ģλҲʸɣλвģ԰ڵȻλѾд˴ˣôҶĳҲԾڴˣʹ˸ǡ
ϵľƱһһԲسȥˡ
֮еĵǸ


392 ǵ۱ŭ
ǵЩˡ
Ҷһƥ֮Դ֮£ϵǿͽڱ״ˣȡ֮ȴһ˿޷ƵĻҡ
ǹеĵд󲿷ֶǺ֮㣬ţ»ûоʮǰǳ¹֮ĶսȻ᲻ǵȴʵʵؾʮǰһս֪ġ
ҲıƣҲЩ̰֪ǵĲͣԼ߶ǺͿĴӦƵļƻ
Ҷֶǵͷ亹ظһ䣬һ֮£Ѿҵǰˡ
ǵǰģȻûаȰ˵ܹõŵ£һᾡȰھͷģԼµӲͻҶһ漴ػӦ
ǵסҶĸ첲˼Ƭ̣漴ЦһҶֶΪҸոǼ³çӣǸˣҲҪһɶԼ£
˵꣬תȥȵǼµĻ˶ҶֶǸ
ǵ۶ŭˣλæ˹ҾǸ
ǵסҶĸ첲ĳصҶֶ⻰͵û˵ˣȥ֮󣬻ǧǧҪ֪ƽ̡
ҿģһȥһά˾ǡ
ǵһ˼ȻǺôҲִǹˣҲǱϾҲһƽ̣Ҳܹõŵ£仰˼žǴҪĴˡ
ûˣʮ򣬵ľˣǾͺ޸ˣʧκε޷ֲġ
ԱߴǹҲ¶˳˼ɫȺĿļһǿʼԴʼ˼ˣƨɡ
Ҷæ˹һˡ
ȴڰسЦȺ׳գǹϾﻢˣڵĵǲĿˣҲǵ͵СũʶĿҲڵǵۡ
ðɡҶ˾Ʊǵ۱£Ҹ˽һ£ӦϷ򣬳һ¹еĵӣϣڿ϶Ѿʿˣҵλ̫ͣҪȻĻ״ˡ
ǵ۾ôô
϶ᣡҶ˾Ʊնصҿͷ
ڳ˵жʱһ
ڲףҶֶΪʲôᱻƽ˿ˡǵۿЦһǼͳͳһϷ򣡡
ҶʱЦ漴һ֮תͳȥˡ
ǵޱ飬żߵ档
ߵǹ֮кǵۺȻһתɫ԰׵̫
̫һڨڨص¡
ǵķ·ֱģؿһһٵص̫ң˭⣿ҶΧȻһ飿ǴҪҶΧ֮£˳׾Ѱɣţ
ǵ۵һ֮£̫ͷ亹Ĺˡ
ǵ۵һĨ߳ܵɫɾ޴ʧǵ۱ȴûпһ㣬ֻǸоԼСһ֮󣬷·һĶԼϣΪǰδе߳ܺͷŭλߵѾ΢΢Ťļˡ
̫ʱɫٿȻɷףɫɷף⡭ҡ
УǰСƵЩӣҲָʾİɣţǵ۵ɨӹڳеĵļ²ѡ
žǵ͵һ̫ϣɢңƤ˳ȥ¶˰ɭɭĹ
˵ǵ۱ŭغȵ
ϾͰѳץ̫ŵùڵ
ˣֻ˵⣡Щǹ벻֮أ֪֪ƨǵŭ֪жʣΪһӬͷСȻֻ˵⣡㺦Ҷˣ
ǵ۱Ѿŭͷʨһ㣬ûʲô˵ģмҲûʲôŭģҶСǰ˳󣬲еѻ顣
ȥɣǵгǸһﶪ̷̨ȥԸ̷ҪŪˣҳʱԿǵۺ޸֮мɱЩ֮Ҳȥ̷̨ȥһ׻𵶣һ춼ܹ٣ڸҹ
̫ʱңµ߳ȥˡ
Уҹǵ۱ŭӱЩܳȥµĵӶҽлͳͳ˾֮УǸ飡
̫ˣֻæȥ
Щӡ֮Уǵһº͵ģûзƢģȴѾ˻Ͻһıףɴ˿ɼصǳ׵ִˡ
˶Թ޵ĿͶ˴̫
̫˵ġ
ҪǴǹ֮΢ͼţֻʮǰͻᱻ޴ռˡ
ʵһҶְʱѾˣֲڻҵĹټһӵһƬƴԴȴֻʮ֮ģĶװױЩ²ʿǡ
Ҷרҵж޴еȣǹֱһ͵ԭʼ䣬ͷ̫ˣҵɡ
ʹǹȣͨΪһȻɵڲҲٲ˺ܶСڶƽ̺λϵĹֶȴǾܹƶµŹڶΪΪеĶڵĵӼǰ
κһĲƣҲжһ棬ԭʼнչʿ̹ũЩְҵܹٽķչҲĶɷþǽһ淢󣬽һ泹ѹ
ᣬּĸ߲㶼˵竣˵ĵˣֵӵܴǲŽй¡


393 ΢ͼ
Ҷ̹鸹̣ǹϾбǮ޴аģϾĵͷʵ̫࣬Ǿַܲǲַĺá
ǵȴǶû˵̾ͷ˺ɽǹ֮ˡ
Ҷ֪ĻѾˣǵʮа˾Ҫ΢ͼ
ϯ֮󣬴ʱ˿̣Ŵˬظ˹ˣĲˬ֮⡣
Ҷŵϵ֬ϢȻǸոմŮ˶ﱻץ˳ԲŻἫȵĲˬҶϸһ£֪̫ļòŮӸˣһֱ˴¡
ǵ֪飬ʱףƿڴĵĿ⣬ƥӲı
ԭһʼͱָʹˣûгϯϣȻ̫Ҫˡ
Ҷ֣Цˡ¶߲֮ɫ̾Ѿ㽫̫ˣҵ
ոǵر˳ϽҶ˳ѾĹϵ׻
ҲǵǸӵˣ޴з֮ټƽһ̵ӵ۽󿪣ʶ޴֮еǱҲӴ˲СҶЩˣҲõǵ۵ء
֣ûԶѣֻԶ档Ҷ̾ϢһҺףҪץסһ㣬ҲȰ˵ͨ˹ŵƽˣĻҪȺ壬ҪĻõǱвһؽľͷصľͷζ˯̫̤ʵˡ
Դϴ֮̽еĵͷרŶۼһ𣬹ͬˣרſʹ̽ӻˡ
⼸εʤǻ۵ľ飬ͬҲù֮⣬ֽҪõġҶصûоʮǰǳ֮٣ʶ֮ǲܹеϣһϣϴѾһδҹǿ϶Թķʱֻ¡
ɵش˸䣬ˡ
Ĭ˺һʵҶ֣ƽ̼ʶԶʤңǷĴ˴εļƻͼ
Ҷһ۵֮УۼԴһ棬Ҫʤ޴ģҸΪҪռ˹󹬣Թ󹬵ĵΪ壬Ϊ޴Ļء
͵վȥ˵
ǵ۲Ųټȥˣ־޴ʧζ޷ġ
ʮǰǹ֮Ȼ򣬵Ǿˣֻǳ˵һֶӵսʿǼǹʮ֮ʿϹŴ伮֮ʵǵΪ֮ʹϧѣ޴ԵȴȴӲǽ嶼ˣ˻Լ֮С
ǹӵһ޴Ҳֻһһһ֧ɽȻ෴ĺȴĿɿڴ
ѾϢǰӵǿ󣬶ѡ˸׵սǹȴ˷ƮҡĽ׶֮ˣһѾһѣȻս˶ȴ򲻿Լľٶˡ
˵õĽǹķѣȻڧ
Ҷܾ޵Ů֮תظԼŵ޵Ȼ˾ѲߵʿǷ׷״ӹ˳
ǿ֮Уǳ˸ݣ貵ǹѾ쳣ճһɫǺԶ⣬˲Ϣ֮ͻǹ⡣
ʲϢ׽һǰ˼ŷ񣬺ӿǳ֮˷
һӶӵĴǹʿѸٵؾۼ˹㳡֮ˣһŲؿŴжŵɫǵۺλϡ
ǵۺλޱ飬ɱڣһԲɫԵ쳣ȻڴУһ˫۾ȴѾ˸ʮǵģһֶĵĺ䣬ǰڶ֮вͣɨš
Ȼ䣡
ǵ۵תָ̧һţȺеһòѰͨηηĵӺȻҽһ漴ͱץ˳
ˣ֪֮Ϊֱ仯İϷܹùǵۣɣǵ۱ŭ֮ɫתݣģѰĵϱʩӵıʱƣȻӿĻزҽȻںڷɫȫϺɫƬͷǳһĹֽǡ
Ȼ壡㳡֮еĵһ֮£漴ŭɫؽڶ
ɣıǵ˲һͷ­ըѳҵѪ⣬ҵ˼άӿ֮ˡ
Ƭ֮󣬶ͷ˼ά֮ѶϢǵۣɫʱ࣬˫ĿһĨ˵â
û뵽ҶǸȻҲ⣬ָոϹǵ۸ӱŭѡ
ԱߵļλҲʩչ֮ͨнѰ˼£̾ץ˽Ϊ͵ʿ
еһƲ֮£תܣ漴ͱ΢ͼסˣžͱǵ۸סͷ­һıը˿
һһͷϷɳһȭͷСĽ˸ŲҵĹâˣȻ֪ѾûĴڣ׼ҪԱԼĽ𵤡
㻹ҪԱǵ۵УҲɲ㣡ǵ۲Ȼŭ̧һһĽϣ̾͸˽𵤵ı
巨ɢ֮£йƤһ㣬Ȼڵϡ


394 ϸ
ӵеѾΣ׷Գԭ͡һһ
Щ屾ҪڰŻֵģûǵЩϵϳֹǵͻȻϮ֮£ЩһһһԳԭˡ
һɨٺļϸĿʱǹ֮еˣڳеĳϺ͵ǽʵʵһ亹
ǹ޵֮еΣҪȴʮ׵顣
޲û뵽Ȼôǹ֮УеһǼλţǵ۽׷ӡҪЩϸǹڲĻô⽻֮£ǹӵ򣬲ҲȻ˲ˡ
֤ʵǰ˺ǹ֮ϢЩ֮⣬ǵִЩ䵱ϸе֪һϢ
˴ȻǴȹǹǹԼİͼ֮УȻԴΪأʽ޴硣
ǵ۰һ亹аңҶ磬ʶȫ֣ԼļƲ˵Ժ޸ϵǿĪˡ
ǵ۵õҶ֮漴Ͷ΢ͼǹ׷ȻʼԹڵǿʼϼŲķ˰֮ʵȻǹֽ֮ץ˶ʮñ仯仯ε
ǵвȻŭ֮£漴ͽЩ忽ʳеĴ֮漴ͳ״ɢԪ龡΢ͼ֮С
пʶĴ𰸳װһѣȻҪռݴǹȻԴΪȡ磡
׿ʳһ֮󣬱ŭеǵ۶û˵ټǼĿǳĵ֮󣬽Щ˼άѶϢǣȻͷԵһһָɽ
ź˺ƨɵӣֵؿűŭ֮еǵۡ
̫ǱһٶЩûԴ
һȺɼ죡Ⱥ˶ˣܺǸĵӣ˭ǵȥˣҽ׻ʮ꣡ǵɫضһ仰תͳҶ޵֮зɱȥ
ҵְ̫λɼΣ
̴һ䣬˵ϡ̫ɫȻ
飬ȻǺֶ²һ޶ءǵɫڵҲѾıˣʮǰȫͬȻ뵽ñ仯ǱǹУ䣡
ǵ۵Ƥ΢΢һ£һɰͲסɱһɢ
ˣ̫ˣԼһǵۣͷȻһ񾳵ӵļıѾЩ಻סҪɱˡ
ǰˡҶЦЦеĲյļҲɣϷˣʶͽ֣˺ܴĹǰ֮˾顣
ֶҷĺˣڿʼǹҪȫЭˣǵƽ˲٣վٸֵܵȥƣһɱ⣡
ҶͷҲ֮дһʱ䣬ڹ֮ΪͨСֶһӽѲ߼Σ
ǵһ£漴ͷͬˡ
ѾƺȻڻصǵ۱µ׵
еĵϽķصԼĴ֮Уʼʰ̫ᡣ
ЩѾ˲侮ʯ䳰ȷˣΪ̫ߣְ񣬶һҪ׻֮Уɹʮ̡
֮УҶһ¶ͷϵ亹³һ
һն˼ˣδնΣǵ۱רŮʿһһܾˡ
ԸɡҶЦҡҡͷٻأʲôûУ
˵ʵ챻棬ʵЩˣǵǸ϶ֻ⼸ͷʵٻ۾תת
ٻͿڵҺԷܹŲƸ壬ӵĻôչǱضҪ󣡡
ˣҪǵĻЩΣգҪֻصͨСҶڵҲԸ㣬ʵ̫ΣˣƽȻڸֻصͨͨһûг׵գ㻹ҪһЩȴš
ٻЩȻͷǺðɡ
ͷһһŮҶǵصΪǵ۸سеʶȻַӡǵпռʱͨ׷ӡˡ
Ҫ⿪ӡҶܹģҪƻ긽壬ҪֻصͨͼĵС
ҶûµģǿŲʶĻȻٻͺԷɢ
û㹻İգҶǾô׵ĳ֣Լѵȥðյġ
ҶףӵѪ֮ǾʤġѪ֮ĹǱԶԶʤ˷ϵġ
һҪΪķѵĲϲ֪мһʿûô鷳ˡ
ĺˣһҶοصڿʼһ᲻ͣͨͷʵʱܰƻꡣ
ֻҪ˾ͺáٻ͹طɧҺԷܲһֱôȥ
ֻڽҶǿգ૵ص
Щ֮߰Ҷ漴ͷصͨɡС֮С
ߵʱΪָ̫ܵʹǰȥƵĵӣһƶѺ̨ϣҹ׻𵶵Ŀ̣ûǴôСʧˡ
ɳ֮УҶصͨɵĴ֮УһǰĻ˵ͷǸ
Ϊάǵ۱µ棬Ҷͳһ˿ڷ磬˵ǵ۱һֱƿĵһЩʹȨ̫˴£ǵѾˣڽܳͷǰƵҲܵϳ͡
ҶӴǹ֮зɻ֮·˵ʱ򣬷˵Ĺ㳡ϣʮһʿڱǹ̵سš
ʮǹʿҽѪɡԱ˵೤Ͼͷһظ˵Ȱ
⼸ǰҵЩǹĵˣר˵ʿǿġ


395 սĻ
Ҷ䵽ɹ֮⣬վڵ⣬̵ģ
Ӱݼƽ̡Ҷƽһûתͷ
ʱ򡣡һҸոת㣬رò˶ãǰͻᵽˡ
ǰǹ·ϣ˷ҶЦҴǹ֮ץٶļ
ĿڳͷǶһ
һȺЦһ
ƽ̲ΪЩ⡣ҶЦǱϾҲϰˣ֮ӣһЩ̫ϳϣЩӸûоǳսûΣʶ⵹Ҳûʲôˡ
ǣҲûҪƽˡЦҡҡͷ治ţĳɹˣ˻ô죬ʱôһɨ
ǰƽ̣ԴʮĴ֮󣬾һֱ޴ΪҪĿͶֶѡҶ
ֹˣսĿġɫأȻ̧һĨһİ飬ָָеһ޴ˡ
׼Ϊ壬ԴǹΪԴأȻһɵ硣һǲܲȻѾЩıֻʣǿһ;ˡ
ֻǵӲףΪʲôҪһأѾԴˣ綼ҪԣĶ࣬ΪʲôŹأ
ĿֻһǾˡЦһ̾ϢԭҲħȵһ޶ģ磬ʵ챾Դ֮һӵԴȻ츳ȴ֮Լ˿һֱȥʼʥն˽ľƾ˱Դ֮ͿʼѹĸһͷˣɾӴĹģأĵôһֻܲסˡ
ԭˡҶͷʾ˹ôһΪ磬ظĿռ䣬ڶǱסıԴ
ַȴֹʣɽʥǲΪԼģǺķԼˣֻܹˣʼʥϹ֮һôҲֵ᷸ͼɣʲô
Ҷɵҡҡͷͷ˦ˣҪӦõսǹЩɵ飬ʼʥ뷨ʮǧء
Ƚǰٰ֮ȥ磬ܹ£ͳͳ£ԿӪ֮С漴ݸһһһظָ磬ֻҪܹ£ǣսѾ֡
Ҷɵüͷʵƽֻ̣ǳΪֻҡʸ񲻹
Цʲôϵ޴ֻ֮¶ѣԴʮǰȱһս֮޴ʿЩʿǸ߿һۣ㲻õģǰ֮˵ɡ
ǧ֮УҲм岻ֵĴ磬⼸֮жвλѾɹ׷Ϊˣǲġ
֮ɺ٣Ϊ츳Ҫɹ׽٣ѰħɹǿٱֹһĶҶɹɷ׽٣嶼Ǳ˻춴Ϊ֮УӲ֮һҲ޿κεһˡ
һֱûЩӵɵĴ磬ƽ̾ǳ׼һ㡣
Ҷһ֮£漴תνžܣʹΰ˼֮쬵һ£תۼͱľһ·ܵһǺ֮С
ʱ˿̣֮ȴһĽ
˴δȴʮʾЩ˵ĵжڵصΪҡ
ʱ˿̣ɶԼĹУǰȴһˮɾӣһһ˸ΧһȦƵ⡣
ھеλãȴһεʮ֮࣬ļﶼǵصΪȻҪ书һˡ
ȫǰС岿ӵĹģˣֹģĹȫԽһʷƾõɳ׵Ĩɱ
ٺٺ٣Ȼǰͷ󣿺ߣанˣһͱǶϵˣͷһ֣漴Цһ
ǲǸÿˣԱ߼ƺĳϣˮеɵؽŵ˿ĭ
ֳʵ̫һЩʹЩϼһҲоʵЩܲˡ
żȫʯ֮˵ɣȿʯ֮еĳ涴Ų󷨣ЩϺзǾȻɵĵͷϣԱߵĽƽ侲ͨˮӰǰͼ񣬵ص޴еʿǣȻʵʣǾͬôҲܰܵôףҪһ㣬ܾͰȺŹһϣһҪȺҲͷ
֮һĨȵɫսӱ׵
ҶСȫܵ૵ص弸ежʲôĳˣʦľߣڲŷأҪ˼෢һЩ˲ˡ
˼ϸǰս
ؿһƬʯˣƬʯȴƫƫǽ޴ıؾ֮ءܲҲܲϾΧµʱճϫҲġ
ʮλʯڵĵͷǣͬʱ߷ķˣʯ֮ҵһײӿķγɵķ籩쫷ҵعȳһܼʯһƬʯһ㳯Ⱥˢ˹ȥ
ЩʯƲʵȻЩʯǧǵĴű֮£ӲԽʯ̲˼ǿҵĴ׾ͽϵȻ岢£ҪͻȴҲô׵飬ռ˰ٷ֮ʮʿЩʯ֮ģǸʮֵľ
СһİϷΪ׵ʮλʿǰʯʱЦЩ޴ŧСǣֻʯ֮иôðϷ𣿱ΪܹһЩȤĶ֣ЩţҪɱһؼˣ
СİϷΪ׵һֻЦһ̧͵һָ֮£ʩչ˱ͨһɼ˿ռ֮ڿռо֮£֮кȻ˿꿦걬ռҵȥһ˶ĺڶͨȻ֮£ʱһԶؽΧʯ˿һӾͽΧʯɨһƬ
λҲʼת˱ͨһһڶ֣ըѱ֮£Ƭʯ𵴳Ƭ
Χӿʯ޾ƺƵ˳ÿһʯСɽ޴ЩʵЩҡˡ


396 ͷս
Щʯ·޾һ㡣
ʮನʯ֮⼸λʶʱҲоЩ巳ˣٰķ˷ЩûʲôõʯϣֻǽԼķγһССУʡķʽЩʯж
ʯתײ˹֮ɢ˺սʿĵУЩսʿҲ˿⣬漴תеıЩʯˡ
߷ͷһ¶Цˡ
Ȼ䣡һɫڵʯȻըˣкȻγ˽ɫķͼһӾס˷ԲʮķΧһ˶ĺڶȻ֮һҵ޴֮γɵ쭷֮һӾͽڳսʿһ롣
ڶչ֮󣬷Բǧ֮ڵսʿǺȻоһɾ֮˹ǾȻ˿ֵ֮ȻʯγɵĺڶһӾ˸ɾ
ķ֮תۼͱһƬսʿ
Ϊ׵ʾǡɵɵͨԣɵͨôôã
ǰֵʯļλʺһ֮£״ʱȻŭ
Ϊʱˡ
Щһ涴ŲƴʵǴ˼ľ磬һ˶ĺڶһͷͷν˴еŭ㣬ſѪ޿ڷɺеϺһ㣬ſһҵǳǧսʿ˸ɾ
ø黫壡ձǲݣΪ׵ļλʼ״ŭ֮£û˵תͳ˹ȥֻ̧ƷصֵסƬʯĺ
ԶʯУȻâৣʮϬĽƿշɳ৵һͽͷʸΣ֮£һζļһ㣬ڼͷʵΧٴȥͷҲ׷׷˲ҽˡ
Ƽ죬ּ׼գһ֮͵Ϯ漴ͷܡ
⼸ҲûиʲôԻ߶أȻһ⼸ͷʸնΣʵ϶⼸ͷʶԲֻƤë˺ѣ㲻ʲôһתԪ漴һ飬˳ˡ
һٶȴǳ׵ذ⼸λʸŭˡ
Ⱥ࣡ͷʲȻŭ֮£ξҵһ֮£˼ڵâߣ֮£תͳ׷˹ȥ
涴Ųƴ󣡡
ֹͷΪǲصģû˼λʵչ֮£֮ײ֮еĴƬʯȴӿرը˿ٿƽʯը֮漴ͻǧų涴ͷܹǳһ㣬֮£еսʿ˽ȥˡ
ͷʱף׷ĪǴ˿ȴѾΪʱһɲ֮䣬ǧ涴Ļȳɨһ㣬ת֮䣬ͽȺӵսʿǸ˸⣬ֻʣʮʣվԭء
Ƭǿ֮У˲֪жصĿռŲƴֻҪһСݽȥ֮漴ͱռŲƣؾôŲƵһռ֮С
ʱЩΪߵսʿģǵһΪľͷ˷ླΪСͷ

Ҷһ򲻹Ͱ
ԴСԶ٣ֺĴʹʮת֮䣬Ѿȫûˡ
ٵ۷Ϊ֮У漴ͱŲƵһǿ֮Уǳǿ֮漴⵽Ƹ߽ʿΧӦĻᶼûоͱŲƵ˷λã龰ǽһ˵á
кȻˣ涴ĿռչǵǰЩ֮еĴڷԿеĸϮﻹܹ˵ΧЩڻսʿһɴһսʿһӾ͸Щ涴û˸ɸɾģԲ֮Ҳֻʣ˼ĴƾԼǿӲصסɳ涴ʴ
ٺ٣λʸ£ǵЩϺзǶѾˣڸֵЩͷ֮д˰ɣЦվ˳
ǿҵҲ˹
һſʮλϣǵΪľͷǣֳŵʮҲڿУЦ
⼸ͷǶʱĶ˰ء
Χ˽ĽɭϣȻ򣬽Щ御Χסˡ
ɱǣΪ׵ĵصľͷһȣ͵س˹ʮλľͷҲ׷׳˹ӴķռҪ
һЦȻ̧һָһɫĹⲨ˸֮£ʮɫڵķ˳
ʮɫķԶһֱģͼΣÿһֱ涼״Сߣһ״Źֵķ
ʮɫķȵɢֻ֮˫һ͵طһұ
ɫķѺ
¡¡ʮŵıͬʱըˣռ·Ǳɷľһ㣬Ȼ˿
ЩͷǼɵıľ޴
һʴֲɱһ»˸ţʱһĲҽУһɲǼȻѵѪ⣡ڵĹҲָͷС
ʷϷŭĺȫºȻ˲ÿһƬѵѪ涼˹ظһճ϶һ˶Ѫ⡣
Աߵһȴ͵س˹˫͵һ̧֮£һ˸źڰ׶ľ֮ˣӲصֵסɷı


397 涴Ų
ˮһɢ˿תۼͻһתľ޴Ķƣɽһسء
ܣλ巢Ƴĺˡ
Ŀռ֮ײ˶棬ֻ̾ͷ˿֨֨ˣıии涼˿֨֨ƾЩռͨҲ޷Խ׳ذ벽ˡ
ʮһ𱬷֮£ЧǼĵģױȵģ𵴵Զ֮жһعⲨ˸š
ʮӵʱ䣬سˣسԭģˣɫѾʮήңҲ˸ѵĺۼƺķ˲ٵһʱȴ޷ػָˡ
վЩʼʶһϷλΪ׵緢ˣһճٿȻøߴޱȡ
Χʯ·ܵǣһ㣬ʼΧתˡ
ΧǺȻоǰޱȵĸߴ󣬷·նһ㣬ǳΪģܵı仯
ΧĵͷǣȴǸºףӵλȴǻУ⵽ѹơ
λΪļʹģִģǳתĵ˽Ϊһ֮£ԲǧﶼΪҽ磬ңҾǽ磡
ʮͷʴŭ֮£׷׳ȼλƽ̳Ͼͷ񶷳һţΨһλļһȴû̯һ֡
ǲսȫûлսոںϺԼ֮󣬱ַһˣݺݵشϡ
Ӣ۳ĩ·
ģʷ˾춯صŭδȫõٴһǱĺδõٴξͱѪ⡣
ৣһɭϵĽˮһϯ˹ȻӿһѾͽشĲʸذסˣɳʮжһɭϴͼ
Ȼɿ˹ȥ
֮𵴵Ĳռ価΢λʴòҽԾĻᶼûˡ
һʼ״֮´ʧɫҪתȡԱ漴ƮɶٵĽһ֮£ͽλʸض˸š
ԱȴַЩǣʼҵΧʮʾ塣
Щú˵ĽƷ׶ʮֵĸ߽ףɱǾ޴󣬼൱һصĸˣĽһΧŹһѸپγԶٵľˡ
׵ĵͽʾǱλϸžͷ׷׷زҽ׷׶ɢƣعУ漴ͱĸֳǰһٷӡ˷ץˡ
λصǱλصľͷչţһʱ֮侹Ȼ޷
Ⱥʿ޳һΪʷ
޳ܣٺ٣ʮǰ˰սʿΧ޴磬֪˭޳أ˵޳ܣǴˣٺٹЦֱ׳رһ䣬Ȼǰ޳ܵΧŹô򣺡÷ƣü޳ܣ
һɾͷ޵ͷķȣһسȥΧŹ
ʮĲʶʮصľͷȻۻƴ󣬵ǾĲǷ޷ֲģЩͷǳּݣһͱŵ˴룬ʣĴҲڿ
ٴһѹˣοǵУ
֮УҲֻʣڿ֧ţ⼸ʵΪߵģΪѾ˵صΪͨķҲǷ࣬ʹڳͷһʱ̾Ȼ޷Ǿ£ΧΧĽһʱҲ𲻵κεˡ
֮ǿĹؼԭΧ䵱ΪڻҵսʿǶڽ֮Ķǲмһˡ
սȴҶּåĴ򷨸ƽ˿ʹս֮гһ߶״̬֮ˡ
ǣҪսĽЩ壡ҲиҪԸ
ʮʤǵľͷ˼ĽΧغţζ޷Ӧˡ
ռ涴ŲƸɵ弸ǲǱŲƵһط֮ЩеսʿͬҲҪʮͷѹƺƲˡ
涴һռ֮УһʿΧһĬĬصȴʲôһ㡣
涴Ųƴȷе˵һܵĴ󣬴ӶӰ֮ͨĵҶ֮־ƽ̺ɵĳղϵоĦ֮£׳֮еͨɹؽɵĲͨϤĴֳ涴Ųƴ
ɵͨһʩչ֮һת֮ܽԲʮ龡Ȼ
Ҫȴô׵ģҶһԵķɲͽתƵλ֮
ֻҪ涴Ųƴһ֮£ԲڵﶼᱻɣȻ˲ŲƵһ
ȻԴ˷ѵԭǻǽŲƵ갲һѵķص㡣
ǵһռ䣬Ť״ֳ̬һ׵ŤĲơ
ȻЩ˵ΪѾһֲľˣǵƺһ⣬˵Ϊ֮ᡣ
ĸּһֲ֮Բһһڶô򵥡
һӵʿУΪߵͨɵ̷ϣѾǵض쾳ˣΪ͵Ҳ񾳰˾صΪˣ
ټĸԷա
Щ涴ŲƴϾ߰Ϊսʿؾ壬ǿĻܹ涴ռ֮ĻǱŲƵȻЩ˵ķ
һֱ˶ڵĽΧŹʮǰ޴һսˣ֪˶ٵĵľͷԭ򣬾Ϊ˶ڵ˺ս


398 ԴС
ͬȾ£Ҫƴ˲٣һʷͬʿأټһСԱɧʽĽ֮£ǲ֮ĵͷ޷赲ơ
͵ΧŹĹơ
ǿ֮УȻһһŶǹЩǹѾټĿն·бʴ˿һ㡣
ˣһľͷЩ涴֮ľ⣬޲¶һ˿֮ɫ
涴֮кȻŹҫĿäĹâɢȥ֮ǰʮսʿǣھ̵ţ쳣İĻ
ΧĵһؾͷصСͷģͬ׹˱һ㣬ˡ
ְɣҪٹ˼κ飬ٶȣ̵ʱЩ壡ͨɵ̳صһĨ쳣ȵɫˡ
վԵıʮͷͬʱ˵ͷһˣʮһӿˡ
תۼ䣬ʮ񷣬һһ㸲ȫսʿ׸û
ЩսʿҲֿߣתַҵغſе񷶥ǺȻǣʧˣȼ֮Ĳ಻ǵƾֲܹ˵á
̳ϺȻоⱬ䣬˫ֺϱһ֮£ѵĲɢ˿ֻ꿦꣬Ŀռ˿
֮£֮һ屻ѿĿռ϶ظô˽ȥ
ǧսʿɾ֮ûˣԭܵľ֮У̾ͳһټĿն˽ʮ
ҿʼְɣҪŹһ壡̳ŭһ
ʮľͷЩҺ壬ѾȫûκεĹ˼ɣһ΢Ц赭дתŷһɫʰ쵵ľһ㽫ЩͨսʿΧȻ֮£ʩչռĴͨõãһת֮䣬ؽЩΪӵսʿԼˡ
Щľͷǣһͷͻ׷ɱĴҴܵĺһ㣬ЩȫΧһСĿռ֮ˣ޷ֻؿЩЩӾȥƤͷʣµġ
ʮսʿתۼͱ⼸λǿĵͷѹ
һһ㣬һһļһǸһӵϣ˺һ飬˺һ֮£ת֮͸Ϸֵĸɸɾˡ
üһζû뵽ΪͷһȻܹ۳ģ̳Ϻ䤱صִԼĿռ֮ץȡһѵҩ̷ȥ
ЩսʿٲҲصʵһսʿνˣôһȺսʿͻץҲۻģķˮڷš
Ȼ̧һץ֮£һ㣬˳ˮӿˣһϯ֮¾ͽǧսʿȥ
ǰҲû뵽Ȼгһջ۳ˡԱһλǵصĲѾ֮ӿ֮£Ǿһսʿǡ
⼸λزĳǷѾЩ̵״̬ˣλصĳҲ׷׹ĶԼڵĶ죬һӿĴ֮˷֮漴һΧŹһԴСå򷨣Ҳûޡ
ǱϾǵľͷôЩС壬ƺԱһƺĳԼĺӣշһпԱɵĳһ˰ۣ̾סˡ
ڲ޵֮еִˣ漰޴֮ʿĹͷˣκεĹϢǰӦʿ֮䲻ĵĹ涨ѾӦˣҪҲõıϲԵϰ˵
̷صҲѾıˣǼҵҶǼζʵķΪԶıΪԼƾʲôܸı䣿
һνǰ棬ͨɵ֮һ֮һŴɵĵͷˣʣǱЩص񾳵Ǹɱ˸ɾ
֮гһ͸ɫСԼķױãƼӰڲͣԼԼɼЩӰǵķˣƾε޷̷϶õԼ¼һרŴӿռ䷽ЩģʹΡ
ٵսʿ˷ŭͣط˸ַҵռϱڣͼؿռ䣬ȻЩ˾˺ɵ
һССĹװ˽ʮսʿЩսʿȻӵмߵΪطӡ֮£ȴ˿ãֻܱεѹ档
ǰôڲɫ֮Уôȫûˡ
޴еޡ
Ǻķ֮ǧͷ֮˹ʮų涴ʯյõ棬ȴǳ֮ķ
ֱǧ򱶵ıһױȵľ޴ջǹۣǵ۲ɵôˣƽرȡһսʿҶ͵˴ǹ֮УǹΪж
£еս׽ˣѾ۵ľƣߵλźͳǵ˷дŨŨƣ룬ʼɨս


399 ͷ
ԶǿλľͷĬĬվԭأĿǿʯȻˡ
صľͷΧسһţһɹεĻ治ͣȼţ֮нһСڲͣعţʱʱ緢һˡ
һʯǿõսһս֮ȴ˴룬ѾͷĵͷеĴƵƬȻЩʯ֮лԭٴγµʯ
ôƴĹҲֻеľͷʸɣԱ߻ĴΪǷĺܡ
ǵΧʮصʿʯ֮пʼæǸжһ¯ʯƬռһתۼԭһ˶ʯȻٴԱߵʯ֮УƯתݡ
սǷʯ֮УӵԴ涼ţķ޴֮У֪ɶô޴ʧ
ʧǲɻָԵġ֮еʿǿʼΧʯ֮еƬ´ֲڵؼһЩʯӳһЩֲڼ򵥵󷨡
̷Ͽæµŵˣ΢΢ס
һ;Ķ̽˸ݵı⣬ɱһƷı
ڵ籾汾Դ֮֮еһһֱ㹻ӻıǮҲ޴Ķ̴ˡɫ£е̽Ƶ̾Ϣһ
Դ֮塢塢塢ħ塢塢塢ȵ壬ȻӵƣۼĿȴԶԶ壬Ĵʥʼʥ컯ؾôն˽ľ֮󣬱Ҫ岻ܽľգȷһ޴Ĵ󣬶һɣ޷ˡ̷¶ɫɵ̾Ϣһֱ֮Уû˽ľѹ֮忪ʼ޼ɵطһֱǳԴ֮صܹٳ˿ڵģֻѡԵķʽĵ˿ڡ
׷Դ岻ϵԣҲֻΪѡ缫εصĺսֻ²ǳ֮ƣʮǰҲֻǺֱײѵçѣ壬ȴѾܹüսˣپʮأѾȥȥˣƣվûиõİ취ֲ
Ʋþ˲ռ̷Ц޼ɵҪľеˣʼʥ˽ľΪķչ׳ʵϣȴƿ
ˣ¾ͲҪˡ΢΢ҡҡͷ漴ʰˣЩһʱɡ
ڳ䶨ˣս״ɨ֮ս֮Ѿѹγ˹һƬˡ
вսĵͷȻ˸һջȴǳ׳˴ͷ˴ʮϵջٶƷĵ챦ĵҩ֮Ƕ಻ʤϱ֮ĸǶѻСɽӾܹԼеŵӶװˡ
һüЦĵͷΧһʼ͵ط
ʮʾͷٴճµЩǵΪһ̨ˡ
Ȼƽһֱ´Ҫ˲ɷ˾裬˻˻ϲ֮С
̷ϺƽǿΧĿ꣬÷ǳʯ׵Ư֮С
ƽ̺Ȼ۾һȻվ˫ĿȻÿնޱȣһ΢㣬طһƳȻҰһ¡
ƽ̣ʲôˣ̷ϴֲ֮£ʱɾſˡ
һĲˮһ㣬˲Ϣ֮ɢǧ֮⣬֮Ӱڿռ֮ݡ
ֻۣ춴գƽ̧ԼüĴһĨһλõ۾ʱˡ
ٿȻһڵգΧշ·쫷纣һ㲨Զǳ˼Ӱڶ񶾵ؿ
嫵̷ɫ΢䡣
ߵɫӰʱƽ̸סˣλʾĶ֣òԼʽԳԭ͡
ɫߵӰϵϢӴȻ춴ΪҲֻǵһ׶ѡ
ߵӰеλҲʮֵĶأڳһƻǣ֮£Լƽ̣оԼĻ춴תһЩˡ
λôҲĴˣȻҪ͵Ϯǵɵͽףǵĸ΢΢Ц岻ô׻ҪҪ
¾˵ˣΪ۵ǰ̤һص˲𣬲ɫ䣬Ȼǰȫûܹɱ㣬ҲʧˣҪ֪Ϊʿǣ˴ܹճôѾǳˣ˶һ㵽ͷϡ
λʻµӵ˼֣նʱȫᣬ⼸λоֵǣʱ˿ȴû˿Ľ֮ɫɵȻжʱЩ㷲
絭һЦôλǧҲˣ廹ʥ硢ֻش硢ǳ硢δȵٸ磬в֮𣬶ҾʮЩҲѾָ˹
磬㲻ֻŻң˽ġΪ׵ص֮вһ׻ôײĲᣡֻҪûдǵͷϣǾԲְģ
˽⣿
ǵۣʺǺЦˣ¶һ˿̵ζ磬㻹ǲҪǹ֮еǵǸС˿ѾƵķסˣģߴʴʼ©ͳΪļƷɣ
˵꣬λͬʱת˷ˣ֮жʱһͼڣͼĶˡҫա
ôѵֻʹթͲãҪ֪ıƵڣԴǵ۵ѣ㻹ǳ⼸λɣȿ޼ͼǶˡ


400 ʯ
λһ𣬾ʧһۣΧѹɽʱи˼֡
۽һĨЦˣЩȻͷԼ򵥣ȫ˼Ĺթ֮
ԱʷӦ죬ʶթȵҪи󷨣
ĺȴΪʱˡ
һ̣ʼ©ʱˣһХͷسһڵķһֻ˶۾һ㣬ʮӰĹâͬʱʡ
ʵʶȻһʧ񣬶ʱ˻ģ״̬֮ˡ
ģ磡ôҲǻ춴ǿߣȻֱɵʶԼмƣʱס
絥һ֮£һɫĸֱһҵ£պȻһƬ
թ嶼ôڼѧѧ廹ûѧҰλӰعЦһٿȻ˴֮λá
ʼ©ʹ˱˿ˡ
ôߴʵУֻۣ֮ʧ״̬֮ˣȻӦûбУҲǱһ㱡
ֻʼ©ȴ޷öˡ
ʶʱŭˣ
¡¡
칦񸫣ƽ漴ЦһȻִ̧֮һ֮£һ޴ڵĸͷ˳ܽϣϳһ޴ĸͷ
칦񸫣
칦ʩչҶȫֱͬն嫵ĸ裬һɿٵصƣ˰˼ŷ
޳ܣȻѧĴһͷʱһͷ꣬ѵ֮д˰ʱͷŭˡ
칦֮󣬾ҪָҲô׵һ顣
ĶԸˣǱϲɵ飡ƽ̳ЦһһָͿ
⼸ͷΧʣǵ߲ΪˣʵΪ磬ʵϼֱǿֲ˼ľˡ
ʹƿһĽ죬䲻ƽ̻춴һӰٵǰ漴һͷҵͷ˹
꣡ʵ֮سһͭܣγɵӲص⾪춯صһ
ֻػʯ񽣣縫ٿȻһ֮£漴̧һһɫڵĳ˳͸գȴһɫԲ̣ܹʮŲ㡣
մ̡
ৣৣৣ͸Ľƿռ
ƼѸ죬ͷλʸӦͱһնϣϵѳѪ
ͷλнλúȻһīĹ֣Ӱ˸ת
ͷѾ˵صʴֲ֮£ֻػʯ񽣣ֻػʯ֮֮£ʱýӲʯһ㣬һʱֻػþ֮С
ʱһλȴƵƽ̵ıָһ̽һֻɫľצҵץ˹޲ý˺ѳΪ롣
ƽ̳֮£ת˲֮ͽŵʿ
ƽ̵ıȻһСĻ춴Ȼ˺ڰ˫ʳ̣һһֵת֮£Χڻ𣬾ıиͨͨڻ˸ɾˡ
꣡ͷʵץץϣȻо·һ㣬֮ͣסһץ
һȣо޸죬һֻͷʸѪģ˳ȥˡ
磡㾹Ȼˣձʱ֮أ㿴ʵķһȣһ֮£漴ȡһɫľִֻ˱ۣתɡ
沼ϸܹķһɹ֮ڲͣţһ磡Ȼһɹ׽ٵľƷĵ
еĽȴȻˣʵıȻһڵĽ⣬һֺ׼ֱֱؾĺ档
ʹһֻнλôһī𽥸ʴԼתͷŭһһӰϮ֮漴쬵һ·˳ȥ
ո͵ϮߵĽϣֻػʯ񽣵ͶӰһʮʮֻػʯ֮
һССĵҲ͵Ϯʣʱŭһ
ֻ־ҵתţڿдһƬ˵죬͵ط˳ȥΪӰ϶ʱһ˸ţ˿
Ӱȭǧ˿ƣסӰϿȴһηĵУҧгݣƴȻԼĵ֮УʩչӰȭľزסȨȡ
Ӱסһյ㣡ҵһ˽֮£ɵʣʡ
ţƽ̷һӣңһǱ˳ͷʸ𵴵ķɳǧ֮⣬һͷ롣
ƽ̷ӿö֮£֮УΧǳΧȫ»Ƹݡ
ʹƽ̻춴ΪԴԴʱ˿ҲоЩ֧
֣ҵǰԶԶʱһ߳У˳һ㡣
ԶȻˮӿһīɴռ֮Ҳزһɹ̤ƶеһСɸȻƮƮط˹Ļ˲ͱֲָĺڰ񸫿еʱɸס֮漴ͱһ쳣֮˽ȥˡ


401 Ԯ
ʱѹΪ֮еֻػʯת֮£˼ʣ˲ʯ˶ֵ磬䳹׸ӡ˸ˡ
ȥ籬һһת֮£Χȹ̵ĿռˮżİΧʽ
һˮīµĵ÷ٶ£һ£еɸʱٴη˹ͷתݡ
ɸ֮⼸ͷ֮ﴫǵŭͼҵطɸŴ֮вʱһ׻֮ڶһڽɫĹ߷ٵתţת֮ȴƽˡ
ɸϿ֮һŨŨĺԷγһڰУҲͨҴڸ˰ɸ
ɸ֮жȻɳһŮַסƽ̡еؿա
գǻˣٲֻ¡¶ƣ֮ɫһ漴Цһ̧һ֮£ԱߵӰϲƲֻͬһ
һʤŮɸ֮дΪ㣬ǺķҲٵŶ
ʣҪּۻˣһ仰ͷʹ㣬ʣĶˡɸǰǵĿռ䶼³м
ãˣǾͳɽˣɸ֮дһ
ѲɵؿЦ˼ʱ㻹ּۻۣġ
һӿĻбӿͷԭղģǱɻһһ֮£Ȼ׷ױ˿
̧УɸƮƮط֮ˡīɫתݣһǿһ㣬ѵɫ쳣ĵ
֣ɻ񣿡֮ͣС
ѣüʱȻĻտ²ķЩ޷Ⱥˡ紭ϢͣҡͷЦҪлǰˡ
ֿǱѣҲӦõġɸ΢Цָɸ֮һ֮£ɸ֮С
Ƭ֮شгһķͼ
ЩͼȫЩ޿ɵͨѵͨȡͬͨȫֻҪȥ֮󣬴Լ洫ӵ֮УСɽĥܹ֮̾Լͨˣ˿
ɸЦЩͨ͸ˣʣҲָһ룬ֵΣ
⼸ͷڵĿռ֮ӵдıһ߽׵ھһ޴ı⡣
ѣ㲻ңǲ֪׹󰡡Цһ̧һ֮£һѵͨͼͼʵ嶼ѾУ漴ֺǺǵصˣ˾ѰɣֻǾѣȻ֣ҪмȻĻԲ֮Чˡ
ȫû⡣ѵͷ
ľͨ翴žѣ૵̾еĵľͨ
ִ֪ʵ֮ſʱǧǴ˼зġѵ˼Ѿҵǧ֮еиѾʧΨеԵȵȴһַʽ˵֮Уչ˳ҵ˼ʳеĹŮӣͳ㣬ظ£йԵ
ԭˡ粻ɵ̾ҵҲǴ˼ģȴٱ뾭ѵ档
λʦܣҪѵİæˡֽ̧Ӱץ˹Ծѿڵ
ѵ˵ͷ߳һʵȻз˳ѾˣѸ׷ӡȡʶ
ӰҲھѵת֮ͨ£һײƲôʵ֮ˣӿȵķ
ӰϵΪ翪ʼڽΪԭֻеضѣƽȴǶһֱΪչˣΪҸιͶӰʹĵͻ˵صΪʵӰϵĵѾͻ˵ˣֻ۵Ԫʼնͻƿѡ
ͷҪͻƿƾԶԶģҪԪĶڻ
˾ѵͨһʵ֮ķ̽ڽʸˣﵽ˶λá
ͨھѵʩչֱǾ춯ص
һɫĻȼߵһţȻȼӰϵʼ
ȼռȵڻ
Ȼ䣬ͷϳһټգΧתļ
أλ
ţͷΪģתۼ͸硣
أ֮
Ӱռȵľѧռ߼
Ƭ֮ӰϽȹסԼȻֱվƽһ漴תɹõһ
лƽ̣лˡӰƽ̵
ӰﻹҲûȥϸһ°ɡ𾧱ֽ̧һݸʱʲôҪȥˣúõйһ¡
ӰҲˣֽ̧˹һŤʧ֮ˡ
ֻ֮ʣ;Ѷԭء


402 ƽĻ
о޴ɸһתƮƮ˰ƴСھɹõ
ɹÿʵ֣˴νģ㿴Σ
ã񲢲࣬໥ȴϽࡣƽüģɹΪ˵ɱﵣڴ˵ؾȻȥɣͷҵ޶
סɹɫصص˵ͷˣҲˣһ·ıء
̧һӣͨ۳һ֮УһɸһīɫĹ⻪ʧǿ֮С
תͳͨСɽ֮зȥˣ֮СɽչصڶҪЩͨ
ոִϢפСһǵħˣҲ⵽һϮЩȫûħ΢΢ħһħ񣬺͵ħһħҲɳµħħǾĵؼħγɵڣʼ֮սˡ
ɵеĶԹԹƺ˲ˣħںڵĸ˶Լͬԣڼ䣬ɵʮڷκεĳͻħӵҹϵƤǣ֮أ
֮ǰħΪ͵͵˵ᷨɵĳ֪ˣͽģȻֽƤݡħ֮еʿǣħиɾ̾ЩĵǣɵҲƽ̸´˽ϽɵӺħͻ
ħ֮еʿܵ໥ףֻҪĽ׷ҲǱɵġ
ٶ洫ټЩѾ͵ͨ֮£ֻĥСʱ䣬ܹˣڽɻ౦ܹǵʵԷ
Сɽ֮УЩӵͷϸԳһīıͼƣԼħͷгûݣƺҪ˺Ƭ
Щ쳣ļ㣬ƾΪǿоôЩħͷ
֮ͨԭٰʮ洫ӣ⻹ǰ˸ո̤Ϊĵӣռ֮ĵӶǻ޷ͨ
СеĴ֮ˮǴˣ洫ȻǧˣټЩƽյʶǷǳ֮ߣͻƿҲ׵ö࣬СɽиǱʹѾͻصĵѾٶˣ
ѧͨҲͲô鷳ˡ翴еķ̾Ϣһ
вϧ漴Ƭ
ΪҶͨҲһֱǴߡ
ΪһʿһĴڡĳ̶ֳ˵ֳƻˡ
ͳͳҪӣһжҪƣѾ򻯵Ļʳ֮вֻǹʱҲһֽͽ
Ƿĵģȫε֣ԲŻᱻ֮Ϊ
ľ춼ҪԿģҪ˵ͳʳĻʵˣʿӸԣôҲȥ˼Чάͳ˼ģҪ˵дӡ
ȴƫƫ׵Ļʳ֮УͲܲ˵һַ̣˵չôãͨνѾչ۷ľأĵѾһ޷ĵز˶Ҫ
ΪͶ˼䣬֮ģܹ
ԣһжǻѡ
ЩͨټҵĴǣȻ޸֮ȴܹԳ棬ħһɹȥ̲صܽɱڡ
˼ͷˣȻͷܹѴܹ֮һʥа˱ܡ
ƽֵսʱڰټʱ֮󣬰ʦټҵӵ伮ʵ֮£վ˼뱧תɵõ
ɹȴǡǡ෴һҵĹŮȻѧŲѷɫӣȴһֱѭ峣ѭ浸أǼ˼شıʣһҲֻӶѣƽƽĹһѣΪһľͷ
Ȼ򣬵ܵ˵Ƕͨ˽ļ̣ܹڡ
һõɴе챮֮󣬾ɹ̾سɷͨӵ
ӰȴܹģΪ׼ԻʳͨѾʳ֮УһһĻʳ֮вϵر̡
ֻܹͳ㣬ȴ򣬲ܹ׵

ɸĴ֮УովһսҶӾ֮ԡһƮķ֮£һɾ·
ͷĴսûȥ룬Ҫ֪Щһƾܰ
ҽ졭ǼƽˡƮմŵκ죬ڵ
ţҶ̧ͷô
αˣƽֲϵǸֱ飿ҶֵؿһԴɬɴƮ塣
˵ˡƮС죬漴ʵѵƽ̲Ҷʦһô
㲻ģƽ̲ʦĳǸʵ̫ˣһ޷׽ĸоҲΪԵʣɶ޷ùҶεҡҡͷҿ԰ż񡢵ɳԼĶͷ˾ԵһȥݣΨûа취Լϵһ
ûһԼؿڣ֮ȴǴһĨ˸֮⡣
Ҷ˵ûɴΪż
Ʈ漴ֿʵƽΪʲôأ
ҲΪȨƽɡҶ˼һ£ڵƽյȨʵ̫ˣвͻķѣԼ״ĵӣͻζ洫֮о֮ˣ֮ľǲ˲ƽȵĲƽ֮֮ľѺۣ޿ֲѺۡ
Ҷһơ
Ůͬʱ˳Ĭ֮Уĵ̾˿
ҶҡҡͷʵƽĿĻԼǱĵӽ밵ɸ֮Уܹʵķƽ̲ı֮󣬻ѡĸڰ£һĸüʱֻƽҲ޷Ӧʼ©󣬽ʱ޴綼Ҫ군ˣ϶ֲóʱֻҪĸԳִˡ
ɹòҶһۣһĨ֮ɫ
Ʈ忪ʵʧȥôʣӦԪ˰ɣǲǿҪ˱ˣ
ҶעƬ̣ҡͷλʵ䣬ֻ˽ǶѣԪˣһ̴ùõˡ
ҪǣȻӵƣǲսʤģֻ׳ǵģܹ£ԼӪ֮СҶߵԼϥǣص


403 ķ£
ͨɣСɽ֮Уơ
СɽԱ߻һլӣŨŨϢʵĶУº嫣̲ס֮⣬ٵĵ湥Ӱټҵĵ伮
˼ԭڴʱڣħ˼֮дЩ˼ʥʹ󳼣ͨ޸֮ƾʥ͵伮ؾ֮ͷһǳͽħ߳Ļɢĥʶħ
ַҶƾȭĥħЧ֮ͬܹ׳ʹͨ羵
ƽڶеͶҽζˣ¹ʲôҲãֻҪܹ׳־ܸϣ
ܹһʱȻеġն񷨡ɢĶһӵ伮һͶ־ϵĥȴǼ󳤽
Ǻܲ޳ְķʽĥµ־ַʽЩˣΪ޵߱ӦģӦͨնħĥ£ֽпյķʽĥ£ѹ˸޷׽ɵʵ۶ʿԶԶġ
ԱߣͷϳһУ֮мƬɫķƯš⼸ƬССķ⼸ӶԷ·ǳɽһ㣬ǸȫˣͷϺˮͣ¡
⣬ôҲּķʽ翴ЩĥϷĹУһ¶ʹɫҡҡͷ̾Ϣһжð
뵽ɵ̾Ϣһ˾ɹõİɸ
ı밲ż洫ӽ밵ɸеģɵӳٶȾԻʮҲֹ֮ǱͨߣɹǱڰУΪԤӣЧҪ¶ø󣡶Ҹ֮ܳЧ
˵ΣĴʥͬʱʼ©󣬾Щڴ֮ˡѵǲܲȡġ
ҸҪǣɹҲԲѰɸĵؽ硣
졭ǲҪȥˣ˽޴Դ̣򽻵뻢ıƤˣ̿϶˹Ϸֵ⣬ֳ֮еͷĳһ壬һҲ˼һЩˡ
Һ컯أҡҡͷ漴̧һţķ֮ͨзɳƮƮЩͷƹ֮ڡ
ʾֵͨģ⼸ȻѾСǱķһɾѹڣʱͷ͹·żѹΧĴʥˮ·ҪǮһ㣬ԴԴϵǵ
Ƭ֮ǵԪԴԴϵЩͨͼ֮Уĥһ£Իһѹ
Ȼ֮䣬һ洫Ӳҽһͷϸ͹ѪܳѪѿˮͷһ㣬ۿͷϵɢұըĿһִ̧һסӵķһĨɫ
ΪһʷƾõɣûеҵǲܵģͨҲ⣬ƽ̽Դֻصǧͨ͸ҶȨǵϽɽʱʹͣͷȷҶģҶȻͶұʵʵؾͽǿͨʯƽ̲
ҶȻǿʯĿˣеΪεǣһеĵľͨȴޱȵץȴʼ޷ͨİڣڰæ֮ıӰټҵĵ伮裬Ҳûܹա
Ǿɹͨɴ֮ڣôͨҶĵµУƮͬҲûգ˵ˣҶûв˽ĵʹ˼Դͷ֮Сûʱȥܵ˼ʳ֮ȥˡ
°ݼƽ̡Ӱϻ˹һ
ӰΪչΣ翪ʵ
ƽ̵ĻѾ˵ؽΪҲѾȶӰޱصǾ̷ҩǼˡ
ӰҲ˼ģԭ˼ʱ򣬾һ߽״̿ͳֻǺܵ˵ʱѾΪƽָ㣬Ȼɾʥֻ֮Ǳƽʮŷɽ֮еģһֱĹ
ͨҲǽƫͨԾǱɱΪ
ţǾͲˡͷ̾ϢܹλصľͷҲӦǱˣ㳹ͻƽ֮ٴԻʵʱ򡣡
Ӱݼƽ̡Ҷƽһ
Ĳ֮δͻôüɫЩʧ
ҶЦҡҡͷ֮ôͻƵģطȻѾγɣȴҪʱ򣬾ӵͨͰɸʱ䷨Ҫγط࣬Ҳô׵顣
Ĵ̫ͨˣ̫һЩһʱ˳޷γ򡣡
ɫأ漴չ΢Цˣ㾫еиЩͨҪ˳ȴǲףӵһʱ֮ҲֻҲ޷˳ˣЩҲûʲôϵˣҪƾԼĻԵ
˵꣬ɫʱһ࣬Ҷ̬Ҳ
ҶұͻƲ֮֮ģʱȴѾЩȲˡɫ漴һ࣬ڵҶٽһҪ񡣡
Ҷɫһ࣬漴ֵƽ뽲һɡ
ɫ쳣ĳأڵѾΣˣ޴ֻǵƾһ֮ʼնȲһ壬Ҫ£ЩеʿһԸ塣
ˡҶ˵ͷһƽУãֻ£Щʿƽ̴ʾ
Ҳġ漴ЦЩʿǣһǲײĲĵУ㲻ô˵ǣֻգ
ҶĬȻ
ʵֹЩеʿԼ޴ЩʿֺγˣΣգһͷڹ겻˵űԼɵʵɵʵһ˹ײĲŵĵУǴǹĹ׳ЩҲƤʸ磬һź統֯˱ɵضԿ塣
ûгˣȫװ幥޴磬Ҷ޷ʲôӵƻɱ¾޴綼ҳһࡣ
˭Ӵ壬Ƕ棡


404 ħ
ҶĲ֮ûͻƣƽΪ˵кܶרſƲ֮Ҷƻǣֶֻͨ࣬гɾ˲֮ļʲŻ󣬲Ų᳹׵䡣
Ǵȴֲܲȥʵ̫Ӵˡ޴Դ첻㣬ʿ٣Ȼɹذħħ£ˣЩʵûа취ȡǰֻ壬ֲѣһ˷ôͲˡ
˫սı⵽˵۵ز
ܹʤΨаʿսš
ô˵ô룬Ҳٽ̸ˣܹáЦǵģǰһʿ岻̸ɫ䣬ڿɺˣʤ֮˵ʿǶ˽ǶǱϵЩ廨۰ͿΣˣȺҲá
ǣˣֻǵƾտȰ˵ֻ²ЧҶ˼һ£漴ֵΪƽٸ׼һ߱ӡսʿñסڵЩ龧ڵĵҩͷֻҪЩĴɣͶһߣʱ涯ģǲӦ
ţһ漴˵ͷò뷨ܺãһδ̫СˣҲ߲Źټϼʾ壬ȥ׼
Ҷһ£漴ˣƽ̣ûвսô
һʧЦİԣôҲ˵ģҲ׳ӦѾٳһСƬڶԸɡ
ǰƽ̣ʮǰӦþ죬Ҳǿһͷֵһѹ
۲һͷ⵹Ǹ⣬Ҳɵӣսʿ˻ܹԵµģʱҪˡ
˶٣漴ʰһ£֮ھȥɡ
Ҷ˵ͷת˳ȥˡ
ҶȻڱһ
Ҷתʵţƽ̻зԸô
һɫս˼ãǿڵ˴ԯӡֱ¼һƷףȥִ£Ҳֻԯӡȥˡ
ǺãˡҶ־ͽ˹
ߵʱɴѾСͬٻͺԷҶ⼸ػҶӲҶɸ֮С
ɴΪѾ˵һصΪˣƮȻ񾳾صλãҪɴľʮֵǿ󣬼־㣬ԸǿҶƮֲϵظٶʮ֮죬ƮȻѾǰִƫ־Ȼǲɴһֱǻ񾳾صΪˡ
Сˣ밵ɸ˼֮ͨ⣬Ϊ޴羢ΪɥȴѾǵض쾳Ϊˡ
ϧĸŮɰﲻʲôæ

񡭡
սԯӡ֮дһӰ֮Χʯܿˡ
ʱԯӡƽʮƷıһƷףѾƷˮ׼ˡ
ս֮мӳմŲƵܹ֮ͨȥ磬һ˲Ϣ֮ܹɳʱճϫ֮УԯӡΪ⡣ƽ̾Ҷ·ԯӡٶȿþˣһ̤֮£ɵԽ֮⡣
Ҷʵιԯӡ˴ս˶ٺô
ԯӡ̤Ťͷ¸߰صҲû̵ʲôô˴Щϳ˶ʮҵڣֺķʵ壬ٺ٣Ҫ֣ٻͺԷټҵĶˣ
ޣдĲмոջûãĸʱ
漴ִٻ͵ıĽԯӡ̯ôһӣʮƽ湻󷽵ģϣ
ûĵĺԷŭҲΪǸ˶ŵرڻڱԹǲҪˣ㣬ûô
ٻ͸Ц˵ﻰܹô̶̵ʱ޳㾳磬ɾͲ
ʱͳһš
񱼵ԯӡȻͣ˲һ˫ͭ۾ǰ
ԯӡ˶ıǿɿһ£˸ǣģˡ
Աߵʵô֪ģ
¼ҵʱôʵѪҺҵڣҶʮֵС
䣬ĺӰѾ˷˹
ԯӡ͵һһ٣һװɢ˳ȥΧļӰʱ˿
Ҷ̽˳֮У漴̧һ֮£һŵɫĻȻ͵˹һжʱըһƬ磬⼸Ӱҽűը˳ȥ֮ɢ
Ҷԭ㣡дŭĺ
Ҷ⼸Ӱɢۻ֮ʱап಻
¸ƨЩ岻ǵһصΪѣֶȫܹ¡ٻΪ
Աߵһǣǣ⼸ͷԯӡ
˵ôҶԸԴ飬ص
Ҷ漴һģҪ⼸ͷʾڴˡ
˵ʱʱ죬Ҷ漴һ֣ʮѾɵıͬʱ˳
¡¡ͷʴֲ֮£ʱӿı׸ը˸ţһɹɼѹĿռ֮ǾһţĿռ֮ȫѪ⵱ѳѪĲҽ
⼸ͷըķѵʲҽţƴתԼһ޶ʣʼ
Աͷʴŭ֮£͵س嵽Ҷˡ
Ҷμ֮£ȫԸʩչһī裬֮ղر
еı޽춯֮£ճƬƬı򱬳סͷʡ
ζȻӰһԾң˲ͷʵǰĳǧٻոͷû϶Ҷ˲Ϣ͸ϵߡ
ӡͨҶ߶Ȼһ˶ͷſ˫֮£ڰ׹ȦͬʱȦסͷ
Ƶ֮£һڵĹ߽ΧʯгƬ
ЩʽЩͬΪʾԣȴû̫ãЩģ᲻֪᲻ӦԵķ
ʣͷЦǰ˼滤ܣ⻤תżķͼиײ֮漴ͱ˸ţͲá
ħףҶ֮кȻһŻ粻֮תɫĹⲨ
̧һ֮£ħ漴ͱ˳ȥ
Լһռ֮˲ٵħħϴħ䣬ʹЩħÿն˲ٵĸħ˻ÿԿ塣
¡һɳ֮Ȼʸ˸ţһĻغӰŤ˼֮漴Ͷû⼸ͷʵʶ֮УʱǸоһ㱡
ƿҶѸپץ˻ˣ漴̧һָ֮£ٴεջ裬¡¡һٴαһʴֲıײ˸ţͱѪ⡣


405 
Ҷı޷Ѿһ޻ӻ֮£յǱӰǲ۲۵͵Ϯʴֲ֮£һĳ
⼸ͷʶһصΪ屾ṹʹǵȻ⽴ȴѸپͿʼʱ彻ֶıԴĿƷţһΪȻƲ֮ҪȴҪķѼľҶһħ״˹ȥ⼸ѪʱȾɫģٶ̾ͣ
Ҷٳ嵽ǰ棬ָѪ֮һ̽һץ֮£žɫ龧Ѿ֮С
һͷʵǰ߿֮£ҽжûͱж˿ˡһѵ
õĺ˾˵ģҶ־ͽĺ˸С
Ҫܣḥ̂Ҷһ
ٻͺԷһ˫˫һһ֮£һźڰ׹˸ʣļҪܵʱض֮ˡ
ܵٶȱţһٻҶת֮£ָ֮伱ٻ֮Уɳʮӡʮǣʵʵشǵϡ
һɫⲨѸɢȫʶʱڵأܶˡ
Ҷسһ̧⼸λ
ͷͨе壬鶼ѾһȻӡͨӡˣǵڲͣ䶯ţµ϶һ塣
ЩһΪȻܹӵв֮ԱߵԯӡɵصһԻص֮ͨһֱûв
ʾĲ֮ʿصĲ֮ǲһġٻͷ˷۵ǵֻǽṹ⣬𻵣˴˼ָĳϵѣΪ壬˵Щʵ˵Ҳûʲôˣҵˡ
ٻͺԷԯӡһۣ˶ͷһ˦֮һͷʵ御ȡ븹
ٻ쵰ָʳԣԯӡʱһŭ
ˡҶסٻ͵Ҫ磬ҪЩʾΪ
Ҷ漴ԯӡĴԴӿռȡһĵҩݸԯӡ˸ɾƽϢŭ
սƽּģѾӵƷˮ׼ˣ֮ٻͻҪ˰ٻͺԷֻкʩչͨܽ䳹׵ĿסΪ
Ҷǰһ˶Ĺ֣עһ磬̧ͷңһ²Զ뵵򣬵ϾҪˣǾȴ￪ʼɡ
͵´һ֮£ת¡¡س⴦缲˹ȥ
ǧֻ֮µȣԴ޴֮ϣʮǰһս޴Զʹ޴ǰˣҶҪĿЩϮ֣Ǹĳ
֮Ȼ٣Ǹֲ࣬һصľѾǾͷˡ
ҶսӿһԾ£¡¡سֱ֮ɶȥ
֮ĵطҶֻһܹ֪ˡ
ݳǵĽֵΧȻ˴Ȼģܴ󣬵ҪС˴棬ʿŵùҹǸƽ
λ֣棬϶ǵõʲôŵرˣСչһǼ۸񹫵õֳԿˡϰĭɡ
˵ĵ̣֪ܷ֯һҶԵϰҵ˼ǣֵһ
֣ϰЩȣҶ
ҶһԲشȡһ״ĳתŲĹʣ棬ĵϰ۾ֱˡ
Ʒôϰ۾ֱˣļֵӦʮϣ
ƷǸĳͣҲʲôͷһдӼ򣬽ʱҪĶԼö㵽ԽԽãҶĵؿڵϰ۾һӾ
ôҶ̧һգʵ
ܣܣϾͿʼ׼ϰͷæӹһƷı
пʼ֯ˣ̵һΧɵɢ޶׷׸ˡ
һʱ֮䣬֮Ƽ
Ҷҡڵ⴦֮Уʼ˵棬չսʿ
ɲֱӾ͵Щ֮ȥЩ壬ΪĿ̫࣬˵ԼһСľͻײһСũʶ̰޳ܵĵͷʱ¾ǽ첻Ӧеزˡ
ҶҿĻ֮¶ˮײڳе˶ɫɷ׵˼㣬ֻһԼĽŵװһֱѵǵλá
壡ڳ˶Ȼݣ㤵ؿںҶ
ͨսʿԼĪذɡҶŸ첲һһһͨսʿҲǸˣ
һ۵ʿվ˳ŭ֣ĵˣǻ
ԣԣڸǻ㶮
ڳʿǶʼ׷
ǻǺǣҶʧЦ˵λ֣ʮǰʿȱǣһλŭ𣬲׵ľͽʿǸأѲʲôܹŹǣûֵĻɫҶȴĿ׼ңһͨͰǶסˣ
ڳ˶Ĭų֮ɫ
һһ˰ӣҶһӣƿڴޣǣ޴Щ޵ɵʿǶ嵱ץһԴһͨƾʲô˼ɱЩ弦ëѼѪԵͣȴһͷڹꣿ
ڳ˶¶˽ŽɵıҶĻһ֮£ǵ۾Ҳˡ


406 ̰
Ҷһ˵֮£ʱڳʿѪԶˡ
һҪǵ̰Һ޼Ϲ죬벻ѡ
ĳ˼սʿ޴ʱ򣬱ɢļбȻ֪Ҫĳҵ磬ٺ٣⼸Ϊ壬ôֵסĳҵֶΣҶ΢΢һЦλҲ֪ڵ龧ԳɵĿռ䣬еļҵ棬½վ壬ĻǾҪһˣһ龧еıﵽж١
Ҷ¶һ˿ЦҵҪ֮ûмֵʿʮǰǵȱǱɱ¾ĳޣŴ˰ɣһĴŶֻǼǵײˡ
ԴζĻڳʿǺҶﲻмŭˣ۵˷
ʿɹسһͷսʿˡ
ţѹϷʼˡ
ټˮ̨ڷǾսʿ塣
һʿ˵棬̧һ֮£һսʿؿѿһӡ
ʿ̧һץ֮£һѪ䶯ţȡ龧
ﾧӨ͸龧һת֮£ʿȻһ
һ죬ȻѿһۼһƤ«ڵϣԱ뵵ıҫʿ۾ˡ
ðЩڵĿռ侹ȻмƷıҵ죡¿׬ˣϲλ֣ϲϲҶִЦ֪ҾͲˣ̵ģˣ
Աʿ״ҲʾҲתȡ龧һֵͬļƷıʹƷĵҩڳ˵ʿһѵķҩϲüϲ£ˡ
ڳеĵʿǣҶôŵһ֮£ʱ
Ҳ˿ʼѯҶλɱġ
һλ޴ʿѣڸҵľһźַٺ٣⼸ҿ׬ˡҶŶȣص
޴ʿڳеʿѻȸ¶Ȼ𾴵ɫˡ
ʮǰ޴һս֣˺µȴʿΪ֮塣
λѣʲô˲ģ޴ʿδؾܹȵڳͣǾƾһǻĶ־͹թĻıش塣ҶԴصõ飬ٺ٣ϧˣ˼޴ʿҲûϢģҲֻǼһиʣѣ֪ô˼޴ľŴɵʿûɾ񾳵ŵӣڶֶ쵽һٺٺ٣Ҷָͷ󣬺ٺٹЦһ
֪޾壬ڳеʿǶ־·׼սĹţһ㣬ѪѪġ
Ҷ漴ȴѶԸӶҩҲ˳ȥʵʵһƱ
ڳʿЩӣĿһɨգͱһɿȵոˣһĦȭƣ޲̾ܵȥ
Ҷ˵θڣЩʿǾؼ֮͡
أʿʼͼѰıؾ֮أʼɱжֻҪһͷģʿʼǰ
ʿǶʼѸٵæ
һ֮󣬳ɹظ˵һߵҶѸĵĨеαװˣ׼뿪֮С
ȻҶ任Լݣټϱãǻ˶
ԽһƬʯ֮ҶȻоΧķһԼԼסĽŲ
ٺ٣ϵѰҶȻͣס˽Ųת˹ص
ٺٺ١дһΧȻʮӰڿС
Ŷкμ̣ҶһЦ
Ϊ׵۵ӹֵλѣҦ棬ƿŵĵӣרȺѡ
ƿţʶҶҡҡͷ
ѣ׬ȡĴˣ׻˵ĺãƲ©еıǷߡҦϴһ֮ɫٺٹЦǼʮλľͷǲܿԡ
ԱߵʮλʿΧ˹ЩʿлмǷླΪǵҶȴǸо˿ǿȻЩʿҲʲôͨ
ЩԲԼĶˡ
ҶһĨ֮ɫ˶ѵôô棬ҿô죬ȴһͨǧĶûа
СӣҦһĨɫԱʿǵɫҲѿ
ǳ裡
ৣҶıȻʮͬʱն塣
ǱʮնУֻҶͻᱻɱһ廨ˡ
СҶһ漴̧һʮɵĽâȻڻڿһ֮£漴ͱȡеĽɫķ֮Уתˡ
Ҷ漴ᴷһȭǰպȻ֮£ȻһƬɫ
һƬɫĿռƬγɵģ
ķͼɻɫһײ֮£ʱ붼
ҦļľͷʱһԭˣȻͨҲᣡ
Ҧ۾ˡ


407 
Ҷıͨһʩչ֮󣬲ûдЩ˵̰֮˵иֵͨܵĻǵĵп϶ܹһʱ֮еĵλܹôֱ˿ɱȰ
ͨƻ͵ͨһ־Ǿ춯أҶʩչ֮󣬾Ȼܹɻͨʩչ
ĵ֮ҶȻۻ֮Ӧٶȸޱȿݣһ־ǾУȴɱ⼸ô˵СҲǿ⣬⼸һȻƷӣôҲ˵ˣڴ֮£ôԸҲǳһ
ֲأƽ̷ҪҳɾͲܹ֮ȥҶߣ裬ձЦѡ
Աͷ໥һۣ¶֮ɫͬʱһ⣬סҶܵ·ߡ
ߣҶһָϲʮ״ĲƣһӶ֮£Щ״Ĳƴ˷Χ˹ȥ
˫ּٻ֮£һƥɵݿر˺˿
ҦȵüһиҲãλ֣ӰѾ
Ҷո˺Աߵļʿ漴ֽɷ赲סȻֳת಻֮ƣжʱһݡ
λ֣ڲԶλַֻҪһն񣡵Բ١Ҷȵ
ҦЦ֣ҪȥģѾǰˣӲӵĵ
Ҷؿһ£һȻˣҲ͹ֲˡ
֮һɫ쵵ĹⲨɫ˿߲ͣѹš
ұҶһȻָһһӤȭͷСĺɫ򻮳һߣ⼸ͷС
꿦꣡
һ˼Ϣı˳һصʿʧɫ֮£æ׷׼еƷһ״Ҷͷֻһ޺һ
꿦꣡·ɫ쵵׵˸ݣһö֮мףһ±֮£ѰĵԵֵġ
ʿҽŻͷش˳еĵѾ޹ˣٵ鶼Ѿױ飬ɵʧ֮޴󣬼ֱ޿ɹˣ۵ǲûƿڴ
Ҷһҡ֮£ѾûʮӰߵ֮£ȺľͷըǱ
һһصʿͨһ´ϣըѳķѪ⣬ϵķ±֮Ҳ˿һʱҵ˼㡣
Ҷ̧һ£ӿҵӿȻûжõֻͨӦжѡɱǰȺһصļëѼѪ
Ϊ׵ǸͷùˣҶһбߵ׸˸ţظ֮Ѫⱻһ磬Ĳҽˡ
Ҳ˲еı٣ֱͷҲصؾͳԶ˿һ·Ĳҽڶ
Ҧ漸Ҫˣζû뵽ͬΪľͷ⼸ͬļһﾹȻҶһ˸ñͷܣ
Ҷչֳ֮ͨ󣬲ûдȺǵ̰ʹǽط޲ýҶɱеͨҪӶᣡ
ˣҦ֣̫Ǿ˰ɣԱһݺڵʿŭеҵķѾˣҺķǧʱĥ϶ɵĵ쵰ôǴ˵
ԱߵļʿҲ׷ŭɫɷ׵Ҧ档
һ֮£ҦŤͷܿˣʿǸƿڴҲ׷ת˿
ЦҶı̫ͨˣѰĲ֮ʿҪǱеĻҲᱻҷ𡣸˵Щĵһصʿˡ
ĶҶҧгݡ
룬Ϊ˲ƣ뿪ĵط
׼ȡԯӡ·ʱһɹ֮ë޴βͳ֮У
Ůӷ衣
ûꣿҶг׶ŭˡ
βͻ֮£˾ŵ޴ĹݺݵسҶײ˹ж˱ˡ
βÿһβͶеͷʵÿβϸͨͬ

Ҷ׶ŭˣȻһ٣ͷȻһɴθߴħΧԱߡ
ħҪôת죬Ҫôڣգǵȴϸ½ѭתݡ
θߴħҶĵڶԪеиȵͨɵĵڶԪÿһħʸͨɵģӵ˳ɵʵ൱һ֮ĸˡ
ħһ͵ȥβͶ񶷳һš
ԼһŮӣüĿ续һͷٰĳ£Լоβͻݡ
ҶǰαΧ֮漴ʹ˼ʹ֮£ѧϰ˷ͨԼеͨΪħ
ÿһʮֵеͨɵħ񶼲ױɱǱˣԼҲһܹˡ
ħ죬ξ֮£յĻӰһ˫罣Ļצһ㣬תۼʹǧٵ⼸ħͷиĲҽ
ħȴƢң趯һ޸ӿ֮䣬ննֱ꣬Ѿ͵˼ľء
ƣҶü֮жȻһкڶһ¾סŮӵͷˡ
칦񸫣һ͵ͨͬʱ֮£ŮӦһͱиһӳ׷ʬˡ
ҵȻҲնˡŮӾ


408 
Ҷʩչĵ˼㣬Ӱ˲Ϣͳ嵽ŮǰȻʩչⲫĹ
Ůӱβͼٻڵ˵ʹסҶƾ
ֻƶ˱ͨһ·֮£Ůӵ̾ͱ
Ǽ˶Ҷŭһȥ
ԱͷСӹµµתţȻ費ݵβͬʱų˾ͬصĵ𣬳Ҷ˹
ȴƴȥˡ
ܣûôףѣҶ漴һȣ̧һ֮£βϷĿռ֮Ȼ̮תۼͰסˣ˻
Сʱһֹס˽Ų͵˿ˣҶĴһ֮£漴ؾסľβͣ
һקסԸƯβͣקԼˡ
С꣡ҲܣȻҪĻ͸һɣҶһָʮ޴һѹסͷ׼ܵСꡣ
ΧԪѾƽϢȻָʡ
ٺٺ٣ǽ˭ҲˡҦˣһɫķ׭һͫ״ķ͵Ҷ˹
ɫķڿһŤžһͱ˿һεӰյתݡ
ҶһæתȾܣΪʱ
Ż֮кȻɳɫ˿ߣͷ׵Ļ꣬Ż֮ȴǴһĪǣҶڵͨ
ҦĿЦˣٺٺ٣ҶƿŵһͶӰӲģ
ҶСһ֮£ͬʱһټĿռ֮ˡ
ߣҶζʱøߴޱȣ˫΢΢ſ
Ȼز͸ľݲƸݣΧ˳ȥ
лвٱƬһСһĺڶ˸ݣʹΧķĻͨˡ
иɶǿ͵ĵܹ⼸ǧľ磬ҲһһļƷˣȻͨҪ
ޣҶ̧һ޳˹ȥ֮һѵӿһӾײʯ档
ıˣʯ϶ȻųĽͽˣɵ⽫޵׸˿
Ҷ漴ֻ̧Ӷ֮Уݵߺݺݵƽ˹
ǧһ֮£˿֨֨ˣ漴Ǳˡ
еɵͨרſͨ
ҶƿŵôƿҲͲˡҦٺٹЦˡ
ҶǱýƸסĻԺҲûˣҶؿʯš
˫̽ͷϺȻһһ׵գʼͬĥһ㣬ת
ռ֮еĹߺȻתںףʯϵĽƾˣķݻɵĶ񽫣ӵ
ҶһһǰţΧӿĽ˻ɫĥ֮û
˼ˡҶЦһָȻһ֮̽£˲ѹסķӵķȻһҵس˹ȥ
¡ʯ϶ʱһһˣʧȥͼıʯҲֻǼӲһѣ㲻ʲôġ
ȻŸȻݣһ˶ĺڶŵɽͬʱһɽȶסˡ
ҶʧɫæͨڰַתݣΧĹصˣμٵһԽ˳ȥ
Ѿˣص׳һпնһɾ֮ǽ˽ȥ
ɾ֮ʰ쵵ĹⲨļתݡ
һ쬵ط˹̧һƾҶˡ
ʯ֮кȻһɵķ򣬺ݺݵغĥϣ𵴵Ҷһ漴˳ȥ³һѪˡ
ҶεضԭأݺݵؿԱߵĺ꾫
ҪɱңС걻Ҷ۹⿴ʱһµҰϵı㡣
ϵıߺߣϵκһͨȲˣҲҽҶصٸһףȷӡķ˯㵨ƭңһľβһһذ
βʱŵöһ£֨ˡľβ޶ɵģʮֵһҶקĻֻķͻԵʧ
ҶתͷصǰñˣЩûõĶħǺҶƹһոճɵСҲҶ
Թ֮У˺ǣЩɫɢӫĴ֮ǵֵŹǡ
ҶֱҦ΢΢ЦҶߵСŮ漴ЦôСߣӦҲо̫į˰ɣ
ٷϻҶЦƨţ
Ҧɫһϣ漴ٺЦҶˣʵСҲûʲôȺãҶϽԼϵͨͶӰ͸ҲһĻ
ȴ룡Ҷŭ
Ӱ赭дصǲͶƿţ˵ýձļˡ
ȵҵļգ˵ɣڻĺúõءҶٺЦ˼漴Ťͷȥˡ
Ҧ汻Ҷˡ
ãããҽվ͹һ꣬һǧ꣬ҿ㻹ӲʱҦŭ
ιҦ棬ҲأСŮһ漴ͱҶһķڵأ˸ؿҶ
죡СŮҶصٲ죬ֱӾͰĺƤ
СŮʱŵɫɷɷ׵ģޱȵؿɷҶ
Ҷݺݿһۣȶ
ȻܹϷѣһƳĺǷ֮ˡ
ȻǸӰֱؽһһϣȴִżڶгҶĶˡ
㵽˭Ҷʵ
һޱȺƴȻҶ˼ά֮Уϵ漴𣺡ŶȻ޴ͨɵĵӣϷǰ޴УţѧĴͨǲٰ
϶ҪҿҵʶҶŭصɫתͨסļӣǰôҲ̫ò˰ɣ
û취СӣϷﱻصļˡϵ̾ϢòһͬСһϷЩͲסˡ
Ҫ죬Ҳû££ϼһ׼ҵʶҶصҵǲںͨʲôģֻЩݵ˽顣


409 ׽
ϵʱЦ漴Сӣɾ͵ûжɣ
ףϼһôģҶֵʵ漴ִŭϲģ͵ҵʶ
֮˿û˿ĳĺζһ˵ǺȻˡϵ֮ƺ³µǻۣܹôͳɾ˵һصľͷɴ˿ɼҲдˡ
ʲôãһѺˣҶЩйɵصǰʲôΪƿʲôԹ𣿡
ǰѾɹɽ׷ˣɾɣڸƿŽԹٺ٣ҲΪϷͻɵԵʰ߲ʤ̾Ϣƿǽ£ϷģϷϲɵģȻǲмһˣ֪ƿŵ춴Ϊ϶͸ϷϷô֮УԳƺϷΪʯˡ
ɾɣСŮʱһ˰ء
춴Ϊ϶ҶʱһüһǼƽҲոͻƻ춴Ϊ
ʯ̾ǰϷ˵֮󣬾Գ˯ķʽӻԼɢˡ
ǰֻѯһ£ζɹɽ׷ɾɵģҶʵ
ɽ׷ʯ˳˼֮УƬ֮漴ڵɽе׷ÿһ֮У̺ʮֵǧף׷ֵһʱǱи֮ģеʱȴǻ׷֮ģԼĻ춴֮У˵ܹǿ춴ֶԻ춴ױȵ˺ƻܵĶԣɽ׷ǲĥݵģ׼ǾֻƾԼΪԼ־Ӳˡ
Ҷϲ˼֮С
ڲṹ䷱ӡסҶ˵ĵطеĴ
ˣСӣոõʲôţȻܹסҵ֪ʯ˺Ȼʲô漴ʵҪ֪ϷɵΪֻҪҾµʿκ˶޷ƽ⿪
Ҷԥһ£ԱͬһС꣬漴̧һȭ˹ȥ˷ռڣʵؿڵõǧ֮һͨ
ʯ˶ʱһ·ǿ˹һ㡣
Ҷʵ֪ͨ
ǧеĵȻͨʯϵǧ֮еǰʮͨһֻڴ˵еģǧǰʮ֮µǱӵУ˺ֻͨǴڴ˵û˼ʶ
ǰһżȻĻѧͨҶڵ
ͨλǧͨӦľǻҵܹͨѧͨɴ˿ɼ㲻дˣѧʶҲǷǳԨģȻĻǲ򵽵ġʯɫأ̾ϢһͨʵǧԽǰͨԲͨ͸ھǽ̸ңֻҲʲô
˵ҲɵؿЦаζжʡ
ˣСӣʯϺȻ¶˷֮ɫڵѾӡˣΧнҶѾָˣͨƽ⿪
ͨƽ⣿ҶֵʵƲôܣ
ǵıԴϸһƷƾͨ϶ΪһѺСѺҵȴܴ󣡡ʯɫص˵ǣƷȻ飬ȴûɵķҲûжɹɽ׷лп϶ɳõģĻǵƾͨҲ޷ƿ
Ҷ󾪵Ŷ⻹һ
û˵ǵɽһ֮ʱͶӰ䵽ƿ֮УƿĳʩչɡʯζصֻҪûɵķ򣬷ͼ˴֮䣬ֻҪϣͱȻз϶ɳá
ǰ˼ǣֻҪ˴˼ͻп϶Ҷ̾˹˵ͷ׹ˣ˵ֻһɵģһң֮϶зԼǷ׹ˣ
ҶͷѣȻ
û˼ʯϴϲСӿܹһܺãѹǧǰʮͨˣѺģԿҵıԴɸţ
ʯ˵ָҶǰǵ޴ʯš
֮ͨչ֣
Ҷ̽ʮָˣǽ棬ָ΢΢һãϸ緢˿Ľߣʼ˳ǽѸٵɢ˿
Χʯԭƽƽģ⻪羵û˿ͼķĺۼǱҶһ֮£Ȼ͹һĽɫķˣҫʯ֮һƬƻͨˡ
ЩɫķưУʯŵĲʽϳһ飬ʹκ䷨޷Խ׳һ
Щͼͼ˿Ϸ죬붼岻ȥʯ˵ķҲ޷϶֮УҾ϶֮УҲᱻų
ʯеλϣһټԲͣƺʯŵŦˣάʯŵķ
붼岻ȥϾȴз϶ڣ͸ͨĿɳ֮
ͺñһȼɭϵĹңȻϽ׼ײ֮䶼Ѻۺ͹֣ܾԵ޼䡣ˡ
Ҷʼؽ͸ЩͼЩͼҲˣۣҶҪģǽķֿ˵ķۺһ𣬳״򡣽϶


410 ʯ
Ҷһһķ֮УȻʮֳؿʼ𲽵תЩ
ƴʯΧģȻһСƬķͼֻҿʼڲ˿մžը
ʯϵʱµģžĵʯը˿ʯϵĽƷ˻ҴսⲨһһؿʼ
еʯŴɢǿƥĹⲨγһУƺЩҵķ
һṹ֮ܣֱ൱һһ㣬ѰķǾԵֲסǿĹһѹ֯в߻췴ͺײˡ
Ҷ漴תһλʼ֮һһĽɫըѿ
֮Ҷ漴Ǳһ̧һָ˫Ⲧ
ҶѸסʯŵĿĽڣһķͼʼƶ
ʯ֮кȻޱȾҵĸ¸µڣʯΪķң˺ѿһССķ϶
֮ķһѶѽ񽫴гɱ˳ŵìᣬҶ
Щ񽫶Ѿ˵ʵˣ֮Уܹӳǿս
ٻͺԷ˫뷢˳ʣҵ̽˺ڰ׹֣գһȺ񽫶һţСҲ͵ط˳ɫɽҺҲֹ
СŮҹæҶһ챩ȡ
СŮͷشӵ֮з˳շɳ񽫣ʱһβ𣬱񽫸Χסˣβͻ֮£һ׺ΧĽ񽫾ϡá
ʹԻΧ񽫾Եڵء
ħ䣡ʯ֮еʯ˿кȻһϸϸ
ϸСѴ࣬˿֮ͣš
ʯ˵ħ֮ڿгƬ֮󣬺Ȼ˯ˡ
֮ȣҶغһһѪɫĻ̵ȼն
Ľɫϸ߽ʯ֮·ؾۼʯ֮´˸֨֨Ѿһ϶
ͣתţ￪һϸСķ϶ͨ
ʯɶԣܹӵһС϶㹻ˡ
ããСӣϷҪĪĴˣǧ֮۹ʯ͵һҡ֮£Ȼʧˡ
һɻɫӰȻʯķ϶֮͵ش˳תۼҶǰˣһ۵ˣ
Ҷʩչ󷨵ʱѾСŮٻԷˣǿ
Ϸڳˣʮ갡ʯЦһչ֮һ
ʯ˹ЦһȻ̧һģһɺƴƥ͵ʶ֮С
žһɺƴƥعˡ
Ҷʶ֮жʱһСС磬СС֮гһɫĹŽһ˸ݵӰ
ɫĹŽ淽ֱһ޾ϣǽͱ򶼴һ𡢷ٻ١ҵϢ׵档
Ǹ޷Ӱȴһ͸ӰڲͣתȭƣȭƱ任֮Уݻر仯
ر仯֮ȴ̺ز̡ͬ
䡢ر䡢˱䡢䡣
СӣϷճľıȭ˽񽣣ϷĳͣҲˣ
ʯ˴Цһ֮漴
״˶Ľ;񽫳ɱ˳ȺɱĽ;һⶼеΪ
һٻͺԷЩԲסˡ
һȺ֮ʯЦһҲ֣Ŀ֮гɱĽ񽫺ȻξҵŤЩӴľһⶼ׷׵ɢ˿Ϊ촷ۡ
ʯЦһȻֱ۱һѲ֮УȻһ
һƻõӰз˳ʯ˵ƴţһֻһ㡣
ѾסˣèצŵһֻӰ㣬ƾε޷ʯ˵ָ
ȻʮֵƷѾˣѾǰǰܹɾĸˡ
ʯ˵ָһһ֮£·һֻһͽ˿
žʯ˵гһĿҵ磬ıԵλӰһĻþвͣøͣš
ĿռʱһƬڣ¸¸µʯſ
ֻҪû뿪ĵܹӳ˵ʯţ㿴ˡʯһĨɱص̧־ʯһ
¡Ҷʯ˵֮£Ȼ˴һ㣬ôؾͱ˿һѷĩ
ʯ漴̧ץҶôץ˳ˣһת֮£쬵һ³
СӣȻ㻹ǽɡ֮мһ˵ܹɱ
ҶҲѾСԼ֮ˡ
Ҳ֪ǱƿôģֻǸƷȻܹסʯɾĸˣĶɹ׽٣ɾ˾ƷǸ˼֣
һ
Ҷʱ͵ʳָ󶯣һ뵽޾Ļ


411 ɸ
ҶѸ͸ṹ£˸ոʯ飬һʱ飬ʱؿס
ƿŵʵ뷨˿Ӧ߲УʯȴǹܲôˣǸ𱬵ӣĳޣйһ£ʵǶԲԼЩĶ׿Ҥĳޡ
ǰ߰ɡҶڿеʯ˿ڴߴٵ
ԵظоʯǹӿԵϢ
Ϸ򲻽ΪƽأұһڶСӣﲻǾ֮أһϷֵʱȥɣʯЦһȻת̧ңң͵鰴һǡ
꣡
·һ㣬ԶһߴΡĹȻҡһ£Ͽ֮жȻһֻ˶Ļ֣ݺݵͼ˸ųسĲʹ⣬ڷֿɷѹ־渽޿ƥе֮£ʹֻͬө˸˼漴ͱˣ¡һ͵˵ˣһѲлϱڡ
ҶĿɿڴļѾѷɫһƷĵˣеļǿ֪ǾȻʯ˵֮綹һ㾡ٱ˿ɴ˿ɼʯ˵ɾΪֲ֮ˡ
ߺˣȻһٻ鹬ʤ
Ĺ֮д˷ŭĺ쳣ǿϢͨʵľһ㣬͵س𣬻һɱ˹
ƴռ䶼׷ӡضΪ֮ˡ
ҶٵǣЩӰǾȻǸеΪ
һȺ߹֮ʯ˶ʱЦһ漴ӭ⼸Ӱ޴غ¡һɺƴ֮ķ
⼸ӰѾǵصľͷˣʯ˾Ͷ֮£ͱش쳣زҽžͱʯָһ֮£žձˣΪ׵⼸ʿǵѪѾ˿ǵĲ֮ʯ˵Ĺ֮£ûзӳЧ
ҶǶû˵һƹѸתܣʯ˿ѾǶɹɽ׷ɾΪĶˣǳɾͰػ춴ƽҲȫܹģһƣ˵žռű촷ۡ
֮ɾΪ˵Ѿڴ֮ϣͻƣˡ
ɴܣ꼰ˣԼûǲҪܹͣӵһСִʯ˵׬ȡ̫ͨ˵Ѿ㹻ˡ
кȻһ貵ǹˣһ˶Ľɫŷ˹һɺƴϢռ֮Уѹסʯ˵Ű񱩡
ƿϷҪʬΣ
ŭˣٿȻǿĿռ䲨ϢǿϢ˲ͱȽʯ˺űҶ
뷢԰׵ߣŭ⣬ϢǺһһʱշ籩ΧתϢͷԼһɫڵУƺеĹ߶ȡ˽ȥˡ
ҶȻоͷģһ˵оѹԼͷϣԼʱض춴֮Уɣ
˾Ȼǵػ춴Ϊ
λ
Ψʯų΢Цˣƺ˶һС
ֻҶſ֮еǷ㾡ĺ֮ˮҲ޷ϴɾĳޡ
ݳѾ˹ȥˣųֱӾǲݵ³
춴ѹʯ˷·ֻǵƨѣ˿⡣
ٺ٣λôţѾˣһʯ˸أʯ˺ٺٹЦһԼĺ롣
ʲôΪ׵һ˿ʯ˵ģʱ¶֮ɫŵźģʯˣ㡭Ȼܹ֮
Ҳû뵽ɣϷ򲻳ɣȻʩƣҪϷڴˣȴû뵽ϷվȻܹƽƣʯ˷˺¡¡شЦƿ֮еĽеĽŵĴЦ֮о˷档
춴Ѿ˲ЩʷˣͬʱһۣоǾ֮⡣
Զλã˿ѾһټĿնӿһɹҺƵλãһϷˮأȴǱˡ
ԱһݳڵԼɽӣǰһ漴͸ɿһʯǰǳ²Ҳǳڰ֮⣬ûб뷨㲻ǵĺ⵹ҲˣȻֵ޿Ÿһѵ澲ϸѡ
˾Ȼɫ̲סغһ죬ܹ˵޳ܵĻƷ֮αˡ
ǺǺǺǺǡʯŭЦˣôһƨȻܹųأ
һߵҶļҪŻˣ޳ܵģûô޳ܵġ
ϵıʱסˡ
ƨʯƿڴһ漴ŭЦҧЦǧ裡ҪӲɣǾ뷽跨ϷȻҵߵڰף޳ܵ˼㣡
춴ľͷɫִֻܹ͡ģһһλɣֱǿٵشδй顣
ʯ˱Ѻôõʱ֮ѾԱԵ˳ǧνƿŸȥˡ
ָ飬ǿ϶Ѿǲˡ


412 ת
˻һۣͬʱ¶ɱ
ʯѾ֮ãݳ޿νѾƵ㾡ĺ֮ˮҲ޷ϴˣ֪ҪƽֱԵľˣȻˣյһʯ˳֣ʹĻҵһˡ
˴һζȻһŲƣڳƽεΧסˣͷϵĻ춴ʼתصĹһɲǼ䶼ȡ˹
ϲģһôʯ˾˿УǺȻһ˿Цݣʵкֵܶģɱʵһ֮ˣͺñһɻʹ೹׵ĳͷĪڽ˸һ㣬ϲģҪΪϷ㹻Ĵۣ
ʯ˵ȻŤģ
Ϸղݷãˣ
Ȼû˵ζȻһ漴ҶһҲƵӰʧԶˡ
ӹʱ򣬺ȻһЦָᵯ£ֻΪƿյӵϺȻһɹɺں콻ӵĻ棬ҽжûзͱһѪȻӰ㳡ĵˡ
ӣôγɼ뷢ԴӰӣεӡ˵ˣ˿
ڳ˵жʱͱ˺ݵġ
Զȴں׵֮£Ȼлϱڶʱ;ֱ̳ʡ
ʯˣôҲɣȻֶС֣޳ܣ
춴ߴǰʱŭ֮Ƿ˸ոʯ˳ֵλãճ˻ҽĵӣɵصһ
ȼ𣡡
һǵĽŵһֱˡ
ǿ߶ǿߵϣǺܲмڶֵģʯɾĸ˾Ȼ̵ֶν񾳵ĵӸ֮۶һ־
˾Ϊ˱涼Ҫˡ
ʯˣ޳ܣߴվһƬлϱ֮Уû޳
ǿ߲£Ҫåǿ߸ӵĿ¡
¿ɾ鷳ˡǧ衢˾ǧӡŷǧҶͬʱɫҵ¶֮ɫˡ
˵ʵڻΪȻʯ˻һףǲʯ˵ʵϴܹӡѹͬҲ⣬µʯȴǽƻظı˷񣬲ӲӲˣ˵Χ֮¾Ȼѡߣ
ĸӲӲǴλսΪµĿֲˡ
ƿſ¶Ҫʯ˸ôɢ˲ɡ
һʱ֮䣬ƿ̱÷লľԱеʿû̻̲
Ҷʯŷɳ֮ǿ֮ͣˡ
ΧһƬǹ貣ǳΧš
ʯ˿ڵСӣѾȫˣʲôûУ
Ҷһ£ڵǰһмס
ףʯЦ㻹ʲôҽ׵ģ
Ҷ̧һӣкȻһɫɫĸͷŵĽߡ
칦񸫣ʯ˿ҶеɫĸͷȻһۣĴƾʸҽˡ
Ҷ̧ȡϺɫˣ漴ȡٻͺԷ
ŶСӣȻͷʵ壡ʯ˾ȵؿһһŮ
ܷ鷳ǰæϵæͷʵڣҶȡٻͺԷ֣صص
ʯ˽˹ϸضһŹֵؿСӣɶƷĵѾѷɫһλͷˣȻôõ˵ˣȻѾҸˣҲӲð
ҶϿҵصǶҵѣΪѵű飬ܹγһֱǵԸֻһֱûаôɣǰ֡
ʯзһĨȻ֮ɫǺðɡ㵹ͦģϷҲͳ֮ˡ
̧һָ֮£ռ֮кȻú
һһŮѾˡ
嶼ǵǵ۷ӡ֮͸ΪǸʶ鶼ѾӡֻǱͨ
ɴ˿ɼǵŴڡ
˵ΪȻңǶӡܹסЩһʶȴǷǳľˡʯ΢΢׵ӡʵҲһλְ
̧һĨ֮£ħһʶĨɱˣȻ̧һͷϺȻѿһ϶Ű׹ץ˳
ʯĿռ俪ʼҵתһһʱչתݡ͵۾ⱬ̧ģŰ׹һһŮħ֮С
ħĶͷ棬ԳһεӰħĶͷתݣһһС
΢΢۾ˣϿʼ䶯ݡ
ǽױ˾ƷҶɵ̾Ϣһ漴ٻͺԷ˵֮У֮еĿռʺ
ϷѾˣҪԼӦں컯ˣĻʱܳͨȴǿ԰ʡȴܶ๦ʯ˿޹ĵ漴ޱص֮Ҳ㳶ƽ˰ɣ
Ȼһжлǰ˽ˡҶһ
ҿɲ˽ʯͶӰЦһСӣǣҪҪһѡ
ǰɷġҶ֣صصǰ֮Ҷĳһǣ
˵꣬Ҷ̧ذͷĶͷϣȵ֮Ԫ
ͷüΪģһһĽɫһ㲻ͣطţʼҵŤ𣬷һ˻ƽУĹǽڷžĴ죬ͷҲֻ̽ˡ
꣡һͷʵڵĹ£С֮ٿȻһֻƤĹİת֮䣬һֻצسˣһ죬һֻצˡ
֮Ҷͷ͹غȵڴʥˮҪǮһȼȫķʼˮһ̧һָ֮£ٻһһۻʼɵ⸱֮гˢݣתۻȡ෨Ҷͨ͸֮£Ҳеÿһͨ
һһɫǽϵİצڿ𣬵շݡ
ھȻѾɾ͵صˣٻұУת۷費ݡ
漴Էŭظһβ͸
ҪͣԷŭβָָ
ٻæת˵֮Уŵ龡ʧƮƮˡ
֮ȻѾû飬Ŀռ仹ǱˣҶеĲϺ͵ҩ档
ˣҶһʹ֮£϶ҪĵҩԪһ¿Ѫˡ
ͨȻʯʮĽؿҶʩչͨ漴ֲź̾˿
ͨһʼҲֻܹѣź澳֮£ͨҶڲ˵ֱܹ֮ͨ컻أǬŲƣܽӴ˷
ͨڣƽҲĽѣƽƫƫ޷ͨⲻܲ˵컯Ūˡ
ⲻ֪ʯҲǻź
ҶͨͨҲֹһεĴĦйҶҲֹһεظ˵û뵽ǣͨλûܹĥеͷ
ҲֻĽҶĻԵ͸ˣƽҲˣҶȻʯĿƽûܹвͨ
ֻ˽ȴܹʿܹͨ
ûʲôܹȵιƽ¸ӷǿҶ׹Ӱټҵĵ伮Ҳ־ڴˣҲԵҾһͻĲ̽ȴеĹҲ֮µĻ밹࣬˼Ӵ˷ʳ򣬴Ӵ˲Щ򣬳ɾһŵġ
Ըǰ磬׺ɣ޻ڡ
ǧǧһյʡ͵ĵơʯ֮£ֻε̾Ϣһ
СŮӹµµתţιҶʲôʱߣ
ߣ˵仰𣿡ҶЦһһҪҦ汨֮ˣ͸ʵʵĴҵĿռ֮УҲȥˡ
СŮʱͱһȻģ޿ص˼Ҳֻһʱ̰Ķѣ㵽ôŹ˼ңأ
СŮһʱ滨꣬ˡ


413 ɱҦ
Ҷޱؿ޿䣬ɫû˿ĲؿСŮݡ
βóȻ֮˲֪ܹɫУħ֮еȻ֮ҲǴӾβϽչġ
Ҷǧٴεħĥ´飬־ͨĥ£־Ѿǵǹ룬ˮˡͲͨ
СŮ޵滨ˣҶɫûһ˿һĸı䣬ֻǼؿ
ѵʯɣСŮ޴˵˵ޣһյĹ򣬿Ҷޱ飬Сŭ
˵ˣһʯءҶȻ˵ͷصǲԱʵʵĸߡ˵ҰȫܹŹˡ
СŮû˹ȥľβһҡ
ҶҲı飬漴ͰԼĿռ֮УĻᣬԼƬ֮ѰҵһλþѵǳʼС
ҶͷСŮƽⷽϸض
Χ׭η̬һ㣬·Ԫ֮һ㣬ÿһεķ涼Ŷһ޶ζ
ҶѭűһһϹĦţڹĦʱһӰʱȻоڵ΢΢
һ֮£תص棬εķѸٱþˮһϢӿʶ֮С
ƿʮǰٵʱ򣬽˰壬ʥͨɽ֮еõһͶӰӶ͵͵ɵġûиоеè壬ȴ֮б񸫸ն֧飬ǾȻȴûбĲкһֵ̾ʶˣѭźۼѸپҵ͸ͶӰɳĵε棬ʮƿŲͣؼҲֻǸո˾ƷΪ硣
ȴֺظʯˣʯʱıʶѾˣҶǽԼһ㱾Уͨȡ飬Ҳ˵ѾΪˡ
˵浹ӵмֻǲʮֵǷȱѣܹеĲϵĻ˵ܹ
ҶովǴؼñ֮
Ҷ۾жپʼ־
վԶңңȥˣԱߵСŮȴ۳޵ؿľβҡ
СŮ͵ϮҶһ£Ҷλúȱ£Χȫʱճϫ͵ϮҶֻҪԼʱճϫˡ
Ҷһ㶼
ôһ֮󣬵õʯ˵ĴڣҶн˳ɾͲ֮ĹؼҪʱԼĲ֮޳ɡ
Ѿ̫ʱˣѲûɣûв֮ʹԼĿԺܴ
ֲƽһֱɾͲ֮˵ĴѾ𲽸ҲʮֵΡ
ʯҲѾǷˣٰˡ˼æҪƿţ
СŮҲΣֻÿոҶһУҶλʱճϫȴֻǵһصΪѣ岻ȥҪȥȫҪҶܷܲȱ

ʱ˿̣֮еռѷˮصƿչһҵս
ʯ˵ıʼˣƿеŵӾͲˣͱʯ˸ɱȻɽ֮⡣
ʯ˾ֻı־ƿŵĸǣûʱض᷵ġ
ƿǼˣλ춴Ϊ̫ϳҲ˼ε壬ʯȴǼģǵ壬ʹƿų׵
һʱ֮䣬ƿѾڵľƣߣҪҵĵͲˣ⼸Ļ̡̻
ľͷҲˣ»ᱻʯħͷɵʯɵΪֻѰĵͷһƾܱĴˡ

֮⣬һƬС֮Уʯֳ֧ģﴫıըɢ
ɣ
һͷڵӥгڿгলֹӿƣһ˫Ļ֮£Ķһһܹиռ硣
Щҹι֮֮жȻ˿꿦СǧӰ
Χͷȴͬһ㣬ǵһصΪҳ쳣ĺ
Ϊ׵ɫ۵ʿɷŭ˼漴۷ʼתҺͷӥ
ԱߵһʿڵҦʦ֣ǳһ治ס
ҦҧгݵصɲôʯǸϲģƵľΧǵתвٵĵʦֵܶѾϻ쵰ˡ
һһ߿ʼҷͷ˶񣬶ͷӥѸ޺ۣ˿ѷѰ񾳵ĸ֣һ˫Ļ֮£ڶֵĺ֮£ٿ£ȥ
ҦЩ˷ͨͷӥһ˫ǿһ֮£׷׶˿
кȻһƬڣһֻɫֺȻ̽˳ָ΢΢һץһ֮£ƬȻһƬշ·ľһ㣬ҵȥ
ɾ޴ǿƥ漴ͽͷӥ֮У漴һ¾˸ɾ
һϤӰЦؿҦ档
Ҧһ漴ŭҶԭ㣡
ҶЦҦ棬û뵽ɣʯһƿ֮󣬾Ȼ˳ְҲųˣƿűͷڹ꣡
ҦвȻŭԱߵʮƿŵĵҲ¶˻֮ɫ
Ҧ棬㵱ӺңҹУõյĺأҶ˹̧һţһɫĸֱУңңָ
һɳѹ
λ֣Ҧǿûʲôϵ뿪뿪һʿæڵȻתһƬƲתۼʧӰˡ
Ҷһ֮£˵Ҧĺ֮һϳ˴ģֻܵúܿ죬һ١
Щһһͷģ̶û˵ֽһתܣҦƿڴ
˶ڣʵûбҪҶֻɫһ־ɱС
ҦĻ亹죬ҶκȻת֮£иֱ»裬׷ױ


414 ֮
ļȭҶʹ˵һУ켫ȭ
һȭشպȻһѹĺۼˣ⼸ɱĵͷʱ˿С
һȭɲǣз·Ѿγһ˶ĹŹֵĿռ䣬кȻӰ·޴ǵһ㣬һԶͽڵ編򶼸˿һͼӰ˳
Ҷ̧ץ˼£漴ȵؼȭ
ƿŵĸ漴֮С
ʥ񽣣Ҷָһ£һϬĽƿջ
ৣһɫĽӶҦ෨ʱһնƷ˿ɫĽһ¾ͽҦгΡ
Ҧڿж쳣زҽˣĽ壬ȫ¶֧֫飬ʹҾڵҲһˡ
Ҧ棬˵ŴδȻ䵽ҵɣҶٺЦ̧һָ֮£ѾȫȻʧȥзҦȻСתۼ֮һš
һϡӰ֮бس˳ϡӰҶ֮У쳣ֵؿ
Ҷ֣Ҧ泹׵ĺˣֻһζķе
һҦе˳ֻʣôһԪˣͣسҶĵ
ǺǺǣôô׵ɱأҦ֣ǿǺֵܰҶѾȫ޷Ҧ棬ֻǺǺЦ
֮кȻһɫĹⲨҦĻǾӡת֮䣬۶һɫĿռҦ·𶳽֮еĳһ㣬쳣ֿҶ
ڵԱȨѾʧȥҶĳʵ̫ݶˡ
Ҷ֮Ȼ˵Ƿݺʱĺݶ޴ӺԼɣҲԼ˽ȥˡ
Ҷ쵰ҾҲŹ㣡Ҧ˻ߵش
׳գͺúÿɣεļʡĵʱǲסҶˮŲƵԼ棬ƴͻӰֻǺٺЦ䲻ҵĶ֣Ϊ㵽ܷô
һҶ̧һ󣬺ɫˮͬҦĲһ˿ɢ֮
ߺߣ쵰ЩǺȺǴת˲ٰҶ˵һռ䣬洢˺ĵҩ͸ֱϣ漴ٺٹЦصȫ˴үң
Աߵͷӥ˿ȴǰ˲ӣ˸¸µعֽеʬȥͷ·һ
ͷӥǰӥȴϸСƬЩʬʱ򣬼ƬһⲨƵڲͣطţͷӥȫµļ˿ڴ
ٻͣͷӥǲǸѪԵϵҶʵ
ٻͶʱҶòУһž޴ǵͨ죬漴һŽͷӥ߷˳ȥ漴ɿһ漴ڵҶڻ۵ѾˣӦʱɾͲ֮ˡ
һҪһ£⼸ͻƾ綼ѾʧˡҶüģ̾ƽ̽µҲǽüޡ
ĥ󿳲񹤣⼸ܹ׷ʵ㲻ҪָɳǿҪ鷳ˡԷ͵ӵ˴ĵҩͨɾͲ֮ѾˣֻҪԼľ򳹵ϣɳɾͲ֮
ҶͷðɣһҪһ¡
תһ⣬ɵ˲ԶԼոտٳĶ
һΣѾ¶ģζҪɾͲ֮
ڶز֮İأھΪʵʵΪ飬
֮ΪʵΪ顣
һɫĹⲨȻͷȪһɣɫⲨѶ£ϣһ㡣
ЩɫⲨ˸Ҳ˷Ӧһ㣬˰
챾ԴѾ׸ȫؽһ
Ҷһ㣬ȻسڻļĹɫʣѪǷһ𣬲ͣںϱ仯š
ԲĹ֮Уͨ϶ǰĿռ䣬ʲϢ鲼ȫ
꣡ԲĹȻ˿һӷѳ
ԭˣֻҪʵΪ飬ΪʵܹҶ漴˲İڡ
İγɵǽܽϵģնûˣǸǵȻڣһܹ߽ѵ֫
ʵϣһΪľͷһ棬ѾǳȫˣԼնһٲֻ֣Ҫ򲻻ֻһʱ伳ȡ¾һܹ
Լȴôױƻģõķ͵ͬʱ˺Լ֮˫˺ôԼĲ֮Ҳ⵽޴ش
ҶѾ򣬿ʼһһԼϸǣڻԼȻظеڻѪ֮УԼЩ͡
֮ҶȻһԼ챾ԴʼԼ֮£𲽵ؽڲ͸˽ȥԼ
񾳾أɣعͨνӡ
ʮأΪΪ
һأ
أȫںϣʵ
ͲԵģѾ˼Ǻǳǡ
Ҷε漴еĵɵؿʼЦΪ̰ͼǿ󣬿ٵĲ񾳣ʹԼӵǺǳǣȻӵǿڶɹħٵʱҲЩҪСǿ˼֣ڳɾ֮ӵеķҲǰӵĻ񣬱ΪѾȥˣû뵽վȻΪڵֹɾͲ֮֮һ
ѾĹҪȡǼѰģҲʮֵĲʵġ
ǺѾһҲ׵谭ͳ͡
֮򸲸ǣתأ֮ҶȻ쳤ХһһɫѸɢ˿
ڼ֮µĹžıˣȫĹһɲǼ䣬һͣ漴ֽڻ˿
ǽ֮ͨ˻ָǿںϡ͵ȵŵ㣬ʹԼӵ˸ǿı仯
ԼȴѾһ͸ʵ״ԼѪѸٵԼոγɵ֮ڣ˲֮£Լ𲽱쳣ʵ
꣡
飡žŰʮһѣҶһ˺Ȼ仯һԲĴ򣬻ζһ֮󣬿꿦꣬Ȼķ˿
һһŵĴʥˮӿͣϿʼȼ飬ʹѸٵ·ѣڷɿš


415 δ
Ȼķ˿ǿеγɵӰȴȻȫʹɱǧ˿Ƶϵ
򲻵ȫᣬһͨԪӶʹԼһܵƻ֮£򷢶֮£ؾԴԴϵֻת۵Ĺ򣬾ܹ
Ҷ˿Ѿ޹ǣ֮еƤһ㣬ͣŤ䶯ţ仯ʱ˽ӴС漴ֱ˾һ쳣Ӵ
Բ״ѪȴתÿһԲ򶼲ͣ任壬ҪƿǶС㡣
ÿһںϱ仯Ĳ֮˶׵ı仯һΡ
ɵһ㡣
ֱܹľ磬˾žŰʮһ֮Ҷڳ׵ȶȻ󳤳³һڴɫת
Ĳ֮Ҷֱ̧ۼµһֵ磬вɵذ̾
ЩĽˣӡڿз֮£漴ٴںϳ
˷ķѽϣɳ֮£Ҷڱóȶ
ƤȻױ˰ɫĹ󣬱һһӨĹ·һ㣬ƻá
ѾͨһҲδܹ˺ˡ
仯ҶХһָһԭȭͷһͳˮ״С
ʵ˵˲֮Ҳǲ˶ǽǽĵˣµֲȫˣֻܹԪԴԴϵزѡ
Ҷվ˿УȫĹⲨʼһȪˮͷðȻһֱת˽ŵ£ͨתҲɢһ
ڣ֮Ҷ³һڵˣһҵܹʮˣȻȻǲ
ӴϢΧʯĿˡ
ҶȻһ֮£һֻ˶ľֺݺݵڵץȥһ⻬羵ĵͱץһ޶Ե⻬羵һ
ɾ͵Ĳ֮ӵľ޴֪ôھǰεһëԱ仯ıٻʹ޵ܹ־أ޵֮ѾĶˣټҺԷС
Ҷһ漴ԣԼϰһͷֻͷ̲֮˷Ŀռ֮
Ҷ̧һͷؿʼѾ仯ģˡ
ֻһХ֮£ͷ仯ģ֮󣬿ʼڿ̧߽Ŵȭ磬ըΧԪȻͷȭŹƸǣ˹ԴԴϵС
ҶĿɿڴôһССͷȻӵʥΪ
ϾƬ֮в޴Ԫƽ磬ͷɵʥ֧û֮漴ͱΧʱճϫˡ
Ȼ˵ҶɵذզҪԼһףǲһͷ񾳵Ϊˣ
ǸðҪɡҶԼ֣Ƶ̾Ϣһƽ̰ŵ飬վǲġ
ûϵʿԶǲ֮֮һԪеʱ䣡ٻͺٺЦ˵ˣÿĴһ˵絽Ĵ֮УԿ壡
Ѱ֮ʿҲѣɾ͵ʿһԪҲʮǧꡣ
ɾ͵֮Ϊ޳ɶǴ˼ʵĻʹԼиķչǱ
֮ˣɾһԪ
ķߵһžѧ޽ٽһɾ֮󣬾ǧɾҵλ
ϧͨȻȴҪѶ̫󣬾ƽɵΪҲܹ
Ҷָ̽ˣᰴͷ棬ָعŲݣһ͸ˮɫǵȫ¡
ٻͺԷͬʱȵ˯֮Уʼ𲽵Լ
ǾͨͨʺϵԼҶͨ
ٻͺԷʩչͨʹԼ֮Ҷ漴·ˡ
Ȼ˲ԼҶҲʲôˣΪҲбǾƿŵ
ʯ뿪ʱ漴Ĩɱ֮е飬ȻͽԼԼҲǻԼǷˡ
ƿŵԭǰɽ֮еһϵΪӶģ֪ķ˶ٵĲϣӳ˶ٵ䷨۶һΣҲֻǰƷĵѣɾѾʯ֮ãĶɹ׽֪ܹ֮һʲôֲľˡ
ʧȥƿҪץģʯ˲ҪƤΧͣشƻƿžǹﻹҳѰƷĵ
ƿſ϶ΪƷѾ䵽ʯ˵ˣҲ
Ʒĵٻ͡Է򺣡ڤļϣҲδܹƷĶˡ
ҶԼ֮Уʼȥˡ
Ҫʱˣ粻Ȼ޴˿ֻ¶Ѿ죬ʱԼ͵޼ҿɹˡ
˵СʿǣҶһ׼
ûʲôܹȵ֡
֪֮䣬Ѿɳؿδ硣
˼䣬Ȼԯӡŭ𵴵ѹˡ
ԶĺȻһ쭷磬һεȴ쳣ȳϢӭ˹Ϣ֮мҰԿ񱩵Զ֮УԼһεƵس˹һޱײеҰϢΪ֮ᡣ


416 
һһŮ⻪ǰ棬ķۻ룬γһ
ֻһͷǵĹںɱ˹˾ƽУ̶𵴣֮һɢ˿һ쳣ۻϢ
ͷǵĹ֫һ֮£͵Խǧɵľ룬תۼӵı
Ӿ޺һͷһһطɳһץֻѹޡ
໣ͷֻſɭɭڣӴӿ֮£һҧס˫צһ˺֮£ط˺˿
ͷϵطʱһ˺ѿһӡ
ӣߣӷزҽ͵طһŮӸסˣȻ˫Ѫ죬ȻѾƴ֮ģʩչطݺݵزסͷѡ
磡ŮӷС
ͷѷ˺֮ƴػ˫צ˺ЩΧɢ·׷ɣӵϢˡ
Ҷһݣ˹һָ

֮꣡кȻһӾѹͷѵϣ漴ͽͷѸ赲סˣ޴ƥձ֮ؽͷͨ嶼ԭء
ͷѵȫӲƥ͵ıȻû˼Ƥ
ͷ治һ㡣ҶɵصһʲôƷְȻҵıͨ޷׺ƣ
ɵ֮ĥ嵫ɾ˲֮ǿ̶ȴ൱һ
ҶХһ漴һǱһα۶һֱ޵״ݺݳϡ
Ѷʱʹһĺ󱳶ʱƷһѪ⣬ʱһתһ⣬ݵԶ
ӵط༸Ѿ֧ˣ˸ѾһϢģˡ
ŮӷɵҶǰǰȾֳ
Ҫġ
Ҷ̧һУӾѾٵǰָţһɫĹ⻷סӵط࣬صϸӵĲƵطʱ۳һţһЩ͸ģӰģ̶ס˱ԴָԪֻɫήҲ
лǰ֮ǰ¶м֮ɫҶֵԱŮҲѾ˹ʧؿҶǸӵȻָʱ˿Ҷлһ
ӵطȻԪˣǸոѾҶ̶ס˱Դֻ֮ҪлһЩҩ֮£ò˶þܹ׵Ļָˡ
ҳ˵أ⸽ĸ磿Ҷ̧һӣͷѾͱطӡסˣݸӡ
ǰ֪ľδ硣ӿһǰԺδ
ҶҾ޴ʿ˴ǰΪ޵ɹƣΪ壬Ų·֮²ܵ
Ŷ޴ǰʱȻˣԱߵļŮҲ¶˾֮ɫ
Ȼʮǰһս֮£޴ʿսѾÿһʿ֮ˡû޴֮⡣
ܹΪ޽ǰ£ҵɢʿңһ֮ɫ漴ص
ҶýǰұǴ˶٣Ȼ˳·Ǿٺòˣǰ渺·ɡ
öʱϲ
ԶͷܵĵطȻһĴȡ
ޣҲҵүǰſ񣬸գ
һĲҽУͷѼһ漴ûˣһƲƮسλ÷˹
ֻƬƶվһɫԵ۵ӣЦģͷ˵ĶѣƮƮط˹һõ˵ģ
ͷѵͷϳһʮַӡȻǱӡˡ
۵ĵЦؿˣ˹ʵλѣոտǱͷˣǺǣϷһֱҪץһͷˣεǶλˡ
̧һ֮£ʮ۴Сĵ軺س˷˹ҩƢ
öʱϲæ˹
ҶһֹۣõҩľٶȴЦлѣ޹»
˵꣬ͽҩ˻ȥǵһ漴ЦλѣϷδʿҪδһУһͬΣ
ҶһЦã˵һ·۵Ҳįˡ
һ·δȥˡ
Ĵеǰ֮еԴģδۼԴȴǻ޴֮ϣʮǰδҲòᣬʿЩ⵽֣֮δ֮УʿҲ½Щ֮Ҳľͷ
ӽգŮӽ裬һãһǳϵСʿ壬Ϊ޵ϮѾ׵ˣ׼ҪͶδȥ׼ʦѧյġڰ·ͷޡ
֮жһ޶ޣеصΪʵǿƥֳѾɾط࣬ҲֻصΪѡ
һ֮ʿǶˡҶҡҡͷһֱ˵ϢЩ֮ԭ彫Щԭڵ޶˹
Ⱥ壡ŭ֮ɫ
ʹʺʮ˴ʱԱǸ۵ȴûнӲ磬ֻ֮֮ɫ˸
ֽһ·;֮һС򴦣˷ɵ棬ʼϢ
մ˹ʵҶǰôλǰЩͷ
ҪҩûзðɣҶĵشõ
ûһۣҡҡͷ
ǾͺáҶҸոոоˣʿʵһλװɵģǶҪһ£Ǻթһѣ⣬ΣյĻǾܡ


417 ֻ
ҶվԱ߲ԶǸ۵۾˸ƺ˿˿Ľթ֮
ˡҶһЦص
к£۵ʵ
ҶЦŶºλҪǰ֮ȥȡһЩޣʱȥδˣ͵ݱһʱ䡣
۵һ㶣漴֣ǺηһͬǰȥأǵȱƻϵҲһЩ
Ƽˮ꣬Ѿ߶ŵֲˣõƷѣҶЦعһҲ˵תߡ
۵ɱһָȻɳһ߰ӰĻһ¾ͽҶ
۵ЦһСƲԳԷƣΪɾ˲֮Ҿκβˣ
ָһ֮£߰ӰĻȴͬ߰ͬҶϵ򶼱ѹȥ
кȻҶ
ٺٺ٣Ϊô׾ͱץסˣ
ҶκȻͬӰ˿ӰһҶѾվǸ۵
кȻһޣһ޺ݺĻĺϡ
ţһ֣ǰл֮£ͷʻļкȻ˿һģˡ
һǰһɱŴһ㣬ǰȻлͷʵϣͷʴֲ֮£һ𱬳һ⽴
һ֮öû˵ٴεһŷ쬵һ¾ͷɵԶ
ɱǧСһƣҴĪ꣡һŭˡ
ͷ֧֮УһɫӺȻ֮УںɫĹⲨһգΧռʱƽϢ
öɢŹƵԼſռ䷨֮Լա
ַϢҶֻʯ˵ϸӦ
𣡡Ҷпһ£Ȼһλһλɹ׽ٵͶӰ
¿ԩ·խˣôһˣ
ҶתܣŷԪӺȻת֮кȻһεճҲĲˣΧռ価ˡ
СȽһֻصͨŭһˡ
ͶӰȻһĨɫĹⲨһɾ֮תۼһ˶ޱȵУ֮еΧȴǳϸСĻӰΣ߲ͣغǰͣ˸š
Ҷֶ˱ҳҴͼռϱڸҿÿÿһ޳ȴ·˿ճһ㣬޷ΧֻȴǺݺݵعסΡ
ҶоΧнģˣʶ֮е󽥽һԼʶ֮һ㡣
ҶСϴˣҿܣɫһ㳢Ҵʵֻأ
ü֮һֻյһֻۣȻˣһаعâҶϡ
ҶʱоԼ궸Ȼһ飬·һնĿռ֮һ㡣
ʶ֮Ȼˡ
λ𣬴˴һǱδ֮УΪ˽δĸ߲ʿһԶһ򾡣۵ȫֻҲֻصͨѾ˼ޣֻҪɾµʿ;Եֵ
ֻصͨһʿͨٴҲǧֻ֮У޷԰Ρ
ǧ֮Уֻصͨ壬֮¡
ҶҲƽ̵еõͨţΨһźǣûֻ֮Ҳֻܶͨ׵ĸɵˡ
ΣĹͷһȻˡ
֮عأȻɢֻȴЩԭҵõԣֻ֮Ҳһ֣ǸõԼҶȻ۾۱쳣նƾԼʶ֮ݣʶȴ㲻䡣
鲼Լֻأǧֻزԣ˰
ҶХһȻ̧һָ£ʶкȻһɫĲƣתۼͱ鲼ȫֻ֮ǣ
ȻɣգۼͻһҶɫСۣĽˣгȵվֻ֮С
ƾֻ֮ԱвͣسɣҶȴ·ŭ籩֮еһҶ۰㣬ƾΧķ籩ӿҲ޷κ
ȴ¶һĨ΢Ц·黨΢Ц˴ϲʹ״̬֮С
ָһɫķתţһɫĻƽΧΧӿֻر֮С
ôܣʹõʲôͨȻֻܹ֮ʴ𼸺Լ۾
һͶӰȻʩչֻصͨȴκβҶ
ǧ֮Уֻͨص֮ϣ
ҪлûҲһҲֻ֮֮еҶ֮кطɳһƬ͸ķ
ֻ֮ͨҳȡ
ƬԲ״һһĽɫȦתݣܹоʮŲ㡣
̧һָ֮£ƬѾƮƮ˽ɫ֮ˣʼؼȡֻش֮еֻ֮
ƬͶ˽µĺ֮кƬʼʹ˿ҶڵĺȻʼͣϢתۼһֻطһ֮תݡ


418 ֻصɣ
ΧһƬڰнϡؼΧգҶɵشϲ
֮öͶӰԪҲ¶һӰɢźƥķˡ
ĺ𲽵ɢ˿ʧȥֻ֮ϵķ𲽵ɢˡ
𳹵׵ķŭˣԴ֮󣬻ûôŭ
ĳСӣ㾹ȻƾӶҵֻ֮ͨŭˣҵ͹ͨɱǧҶϷݣ
ǧÿһŶǼǰģ
вҪԵŲѣҪԵȴǺѰҡ
˵ҶҪ׻ʳ֮ãҷдԵԵɲ򣬶ܹһ£ܲһ£ֻصͨҪֻ֮
ֻصͨ͵üȡֻ֮֮͵üȡ֮Щϡеֱֻд˵вܹҵ
Ҷһһģû˿Ĳ٣һͨһһŵ֮ͨ
ֻ֮ȴѰˡ
Ѱֻ֮ҪѾ޴Ĺ򣬸Ҫ˵ɹˣһͶӰķһֻ֮ϵͨҲ󣬱ΪܹһٻҶʶû뵽Ҷͨʹоյֻ
˳ؾͽֻˣɾֻصľͨ
𳹵ױŭˣͶӰٿȻǳһɺһ㷨Ȼûһֻƿ֮Уץ˹
պ¡¡ر·նֻ޼᲻ݵľָͳһһ㡣
ǵ޵֮вɾʿɽ׷ȴ쳣֮ѰʿҪشٱҲֹûһܹɹһɷ׽١
ܹɹɷ׽ٵʿ֮٣ֻҪɹ׷֮ȴһⶼǾǿߡʵԶԶʤͬʿˡ
ܹ֮׽ٵ𾳽ʿ֮٣λͻ춴ΪȴǶţë
ֻҶ̧һгڶУһ¾ͳסֻ֡
Ҷץεķ漴һ칦񸫳ҵ˹ȥ
¡ֱֻһ˸顣
𼸺ˣҶոӶֻ֮ľȻתԸ
Ϊֱӵ˷ָ
Ҷһ칦񸫣Ҳػ˿
һıȣԪڹʢȻɢһɷһӾͽҶķ˿Ҷֻ˫ϾȻ˿
һʮᣬֻһܵһͶӰϾһλ𣬶Ҷȴֻһصʿѡ
ʵ̫ˣּϵĲ죬ͶѾܽġ
Ҷ̧һ֮£ֻѾڵ֮УһɫĹ߹תݡ
Ȼʩչ˶Ӱͨһ˲ͻǧӰ˸֮£ͷɵ֮
մŲƣҶһиֱΧĿռ䣬ȻſռһɲǣʩչմŲơ
ʱƾôҪץҲǾԲܵˡ
ɶСȻֻҵĺ£Ҳɱ㣬ĲΪ𣡡ŭĽˣҶӰڳʧ֮ˡ
գҧгһ֮תͷͷɻԼĵڵķѾþҲûˡ
һһԴϷ֮УȻҵز
ռֳ֧״һµĿռϷһŵȻƥת֮䣬ͻһ֮š
ҶƴشＷѹ˹ͨһ͵˵ˡ
ȣҶѪص˵ϣ³˼Ѫ΢΢Ϣһ
һأƴˣŴְΧ֮гϸϢһȻ̧һã֮кȻһɫС
ޡ
ãסֻصͨҶ¶Ц漴
ֱǿҪˣͨεľС˵Ƴɾͨ
һʤ
Ҷ̾һվִȡһѵĵҩ̷ȥ
վһΧĻ
ֻһƬʢһ֣ԶȪ뵣Χ̲Сˮһʫ黭⡣
󵨣
ԶȻһ߳һŮȪ֮УŭźȻֵҶ
ǸǸ²ģҶһӾͿŮ壬ʱ˸û˵תܡ
С͵˱ϴ裡ܣȥŮŭһȻּһѩ׵˿Уѩ˿˰ӿݣɵػΧĿռ䡣
˿׺ǳһľ꣬Ҷǰ·γһһ㣬д˺Х㱼ӿˮΪ֮ҡ
䣡Ҷ̾һ漴һкȻ¶֮ˡ
꣡շ裬쵶һ˳ΧǺӶʱһиɢ˿ϳ˼ڵ˿дӿ
Ҷ漴ٲɣһԶȥ
Χ֮ȴ˾ҵؽХ֮һһĽд˸תۼгһͼ֮Ρ
ƿҶХһ˫趯ֱ֮£ž죬ΧӿӿĽһ֮£𵴵ı˿
Ҷһ֮£˲Ϣ֮ͳ嵽֮ǰ
ⴳˡ


419 Ըͨ
Ҷһ߸һ߰νŷɶݣգۼѾɵ֮ȥˡ
ŮüĳŭˣվһɺƴƳʱգķΧȫƣȵҵʱһвѭҵߣԱ赲
ԽֱƵشҶĶ
һһĿռ·εǽһ㣬Ҷҵؼѹ˹
Ҷǰ·һμӲǽһ㣬ֲ֮£ۿԼҪʵʵײȥ
ҿ͵һȭͷһȭ͵˳ȥ
꿦꣡ȭӰ֮ռ·ľӰ㣬ΧеľɫѾ쳣ģ·һݺ
ĸ٣ôӲײȥͻᱻײһ⽴Ȼǲ֮һҲҪĺܶķ
Ҷ˫ȭһ֮£Χռ価ľӣҴһŽģľɫ
Ůռ䷨Ϣ漴̧һָҵʱգԪԱ𣡡
ձĿռ俪ʼͣתԭģ±仯ԭľɫ
ûˡ
Ҷͷһİëˣǵһô͵ĵոҪͨʱȻоڤڤ֮һɺ嫾޴ԸԼסͨʹܹٴʩչ˿
ԸĵҶȻʲôǰʮλͨʶ֮һţͷʱδεĺˮ
ҶħУͨڷ򷶳֮ڵͨһԼҲӲԼ
Ը֮ͨͨϵģͨȻҲоֻܹ֮ͨһλķԪܹԽλķ򣬶ԸͨȴһλķԳ棬ֱӾǿѹϡ
˵ͨǹԸͨˡ
ҶصĿռ䣬ѹķѾ˱һ㣬Ҷʩչ˻ͨԼĽɫ˿ڲͣơ
ͫѾ˽ɫˡ
֮⸿Ҷɫ侲ָ濪ʼĽɫķ͵̧һԲȦ
ΧĿռ·󿪹˵Ŀˮ㣬ðƵϸС漴ͣתţһ磬漴ȫһɣѾ
ԸԸЩǧжַ
Ҷ漴һȣ˫ץסգҵһ˺
꣡꣡ΧĿռ֮ȴҲѿһ϶Ҷһವһ´з˳ȥ
Ůû뵽ҶȻܹԸͨ漴ٴ֣սȵҵʱһħΣ裡
з·Ƶľӱۺصһ𣬵Ҷǰ档
֮Ҷ͵վ̧͵һָ
֮кȻޱȺ֮еһڵˣžͻһټĺڶ֮Ҷ͵һ֮£ವһ´⴦ٵ֮ͨлƨһ˳ȥ
ŮƳһɫ쳣̧˰׵֣ȻһָȵҵʱһаħԵԼ
ڤڤ֮УһɺȻҶҵغ˹
ռ֮з·һӴ㣬ѺˣոҶӶݵĵطλãȻۼһɫĵ
žһŵҶҽŴ˳һ㡣
Ŀռ䣬ǧ⵶㣬ݺݵ
ḥ̂Ҷһ˫ȭٿգҵһ֮£¶ʱһһֵĺڰ׹âĥһƸݡ
ȻһһӰͬʱһҵ֮£ΧѹĿռʱͣ
и̣ɣѹҶ˫ּٵص֮£ʮǧͬʱ˹ȥдһͨ˽ȥ
ŮСˣԼǶû˵ѩ׽¶ǰʱҧŭѾӶݵԶҶ쵰
ʱ˿̣ԶԶһɽ۹֮Уһƴ޼ҵʱһаħ֮
һ޼쳣أ޾Ŀռ䣬ѾԶԶʤ˸ոǸŮ
Ҷ̾͸оˣһҼѹҶһֻ㱻ѹڵأЩûбѹ⡣
СģϵģҶʱ
ҲѹˣǧеԸ֮ϣҶЦѡ
Ҫ˺һЩ֣Ҫһ£֮дһöȻһɫݰתݣҶһֻӵ״ŷ˻
ת֮䣬ͱеǣһƽ̨֮ϣȻص
̨ĸһֻչڷɶķ͵ĵΣԵΪûʣΪ֮Ŀ
̨϶һŻǣ̬ӺݻؿһſҶָߵһ·֡
벻ȻʹͨȻȲǴԸɹԸҲǺ˲õͨˡŽµҶ΢΢׵ָӰһһôš
ǸոһֻߣֻڵѾҵˡҶĬȻİ󸿣ҲǴˣֻǱ׷ɱǿʩչǿմŲƵķ֮Ŵ˹ءҪ
ŮˣҶæˡ
ɵЦѼӾƤӲġ


420 Ըɹ
Ҷüڰɣ·󹬣˹ٹҲûд󹬵ĽƣôҲ㲻ɡ
Ȼ㲻ģǴԸɹôҲɵɡ΢΢׵֮ͨܵмȴǿɣ㱨ûв֮ΪҿԿǷŹ㡣
ʦɫŮҡҡֱۣ˶š
ɵѾͷ˼û㣬ô֣Ц
ҡҶһۣȻ糺죬޺޵صô׵ķŹˣ
Ҷ΢΢һ΢΢ЦˣѾ֪Լû֮ˡ
֮ͨ󣬶Ŀܹͨһ֮оܿڣһܹһ仰оܹжݳʵȻԸɹҲɵ硣׵ɱ޹
ɫ侲ص˵ɣҿͨƺһκһţֻҪ㲻Ƕ⣬ҿԿǷŹ㡣
޴ͨʿҶȻ˴ƴĿģǷƽ֮ҪһЩĸɣͬԿĴ壬ɵǣڰ·ȴ⵽ߵ׷ɱŲ·֮£ǿʩչǿմŲƣŷɻص롭
ҶɫεؿǸ糺Ů
壡
Ҷһ֮󣬷·ƽһһ㣬ڳʿһƬ
˵ɫˣʮǰһսδʹûлָ
Ȼ壡͵վһŷرɫ
Աߵ೤Ҳʱʧɫ۷׷һͷӶûޱȡ
֮жȻһǿҵĿռ䲨ƺһ˹
Ҷ̧ͷһۣ֮ǳǿ󣬺ȻǴԸɹ̫ϳˡ
ƽ̬صؿؿڵȻᵽ壬㣬֤ݣ
Ҷһ̧ᵯ˵ָҶĺɫ׷׵һһ쬵һ¾֮ˡ
ҵ֤ݾڴˣҶû˵漴ԼʶеĿռȡһˮײ
ˮײ棬ӡһͷͷǣ²Ƭսʿڳ˯һ㣬ԵøĿġ
ͷսʿϵɢѭݣѾһؽ𵤾
ڿսʿ֮ڳ˵һʱ䳹׵סˣ֮д˸ǿҵ
սʿƬ̣漴̧һӣˮײͶ֮С
ҶУ֮п϶ǴԸɹ̫ϳϡ
ھȻֳôͷսʿɫɵתΪɫ૵صۼԴʵ޴УҲֻеȶѣʮǰһսȴ磬޴ʿشˣʿ֮£磡
ʮǰϾʮǰҶЦ˸ովڲǰŴ˽оʮ䣬˵ʿȴһ
ԸɹĳֱϢݺݵһ£˾֮ˣ׷׽ͷӶ۷׷
ŶȻ˵ս˲𣡡â˸漴ؿʵ֪˵λ
ҼƽˡҶȻ
վڲŮһҫô
ҶȻǣ޴֮ۼԴֻġȴǺɵشӮˣ˵ˣȻǿ󣬵ǲǲսʤģֻҪϢ磬øʿǶӭս׼Ķѡ
ڳеĳ۷׷վԱߵȴ
ȴǵҶˡ嵭ص
ңһζðģΰݼ͡Ҷһ¹ڣ漴̧һãԼĿռ֮ץһˮײӡһͷصʣСС˼ɾ⣬빬Цɡ
ˮײ֮е岻ͣ䶯ţƺƴһ㣬ǱסʶȴôҲˣֻƴ
⡭ȻǵصʣԸɹ䣬·𿴵˹һ㣺ǾȻó־ףַ壬㲻ô
ҶݲȵЦˣһͷѾԣһŭͲŭ򣬼ûʲôģʮǰ޹ģǵ³Ҳ⵽֮ô
˵ȤӶʱһ̲סЦ˳ԱߵļĹŮҲ̲סЦˡ
˵ҲˣҪܣҲŹǣȻˣǶûбҪôǿˡݸԻָһЩĬȻͷ
ǡҶָˮײģͷ³ʹǹʱǵǰ׽͸µãҶĳ޳ֻþͽ軨׷𣬻빬Цɡ
ãˣҲˡƿҶеĳһ֮£ֽ̧⸱ˮײС
ʱû࣬ι漴´磬ΪҶӷ硣
Ҽƽ̽ŸոͻƵڰصĻ춴Ҷڵ
λ϶ʱ¶Ȼ𾴵ɫˡ
ιΪߵ̫ϳҲֻǵصΪѣƽôһصľͷʵǲܵ
ԸɹĹ˼Ƭ̣漴ʵ˵ʵش壬ѵҪæô


421 ﶯ
̹׵˵޴еȻܣ˵֮ƣʹܴ죬ЩǱȽȡ˵ģۼʵԣĲ໹̫ˣҲֻȷ沿Ӷѣ򣬵㾡ȫս֮޴ڵʿȻ˲أʱҲȻ̫Ԫˣ㱻ҲǲܵģѾʮǰĽˣСͷ鶼ɳˣڻʲôǲܸɵģҶָ˳̬٩٩̸ҪһЩɹͬԿ
ιĬȻΣ漴̾ϢʮǰЩУһ֣ܵµĳޣû˻ǡ
ʮǰĿ쳣ӴĿӴҲûн綼Ƿһ޴սȴͬˣѾ֯˼ɣƶսˡҶͰڴǹЩ̽һһ˳
ι˵ɫϸһɫˡ
Ҽƽ̵֮£һսԶԣǹӵгԴ޴Уȴйĵ̺Դطصö죬Ϊȹ̵Ļ֮ͻԴԴȻԴΪģ˷Ĵˡ
ˡҶһĿֲȾ֮£ι¶ɫ΢΢ףҲգҶѲס£ʱ䣬ɵƽ̳ϣҹͬһ¡
ȻˣҶĳ߶ŹһҶվҾ
ĿתؿĿһ
Ա߹ӹŮҶص޹֮С
һգ۵ĹҶʹӱ׷ɱĽ˴ԸɹĹˣŮˮ˹Ҷڵ޵֮ȥˡ

֮ҶϢ޹֮С
ˣˣˣ
صڴҶ׾˹
һվ߹ŮҶϴһȻһ·
ԸɹٶȺܿ죬ԸӺ󣬸ɵĸ˾ӦԼǰˣһʹԸɹ͵ƽҲӦԼǰˡ
Ըɹδ֮еλڵڶȻûʲôǵƾ֮еԸͨʤһеҲǿưһˣԱɲ᲻ӡһʡȴҶٶ·鷳ˡ
Ƕ֪Ըɹн£ǾԸӵģһȻµĴҪˣԲܹ
㳡֮У֮иԶŵľͷϣ֮ȴǶһĿҶ߽΢΢˵ͷ
Ҷһۻķ˴֮С
գλһλѡιЦӯӯصλҶҶ޴ͨɵʿҶѣһ¡
Ҷݼλƽ̳ϡҶһ
Ȼ޴ʿǲŭЩľͷһ˷Ҷ֮󣬶ʱоǰһ¶͵ɫˡ
Ҷվ˳֮УλͷһλͷҲǰ˵ˣֻ΢΢Ϊˡ
޴籾֮еԴֻϵȶѣһֱĬĬţΨһĵطʮǰһս磬ʹ޴硣
ˣ޴ʿУᱻ߿һۡ
ҶҲѾǵز֮ǺЩƽ̳ƽƽġ
λǰҶĳ˴ǰǸλһ¹⡣ҶصٴγˣѾ޴˶ս
֮жʱһʯǧˣеƽ̾ͷǣȻΪϢɫһ˲䶼üѿ
ǵ֮Ҳ̫ϳϣȻ˵֮٣֪֮
Ҷ¾ͽֵԭԭص˳Լ·鶼ûһһʮ˵˳
ƵϾ̶ȣڳеĵͷ޲ɫʮֵѿ
ȻѾˣôǸɣӦսǡŵƽ̿ڵҶѣòҪǳ޴ǰɣ޴統꺷޵УӲǻպҲǺܾģҲù˼ԼɽŰɣ
ڳеĵͷǶ¶˲мЦˡ
λƽ̵ĸȻҪ޴磬һҪǶԸλĻǻԮҲǺܲġҶȴǴݵһЦҽĿģǽϢݸλƽ̣λƽиףҡ
λƽ̣ҼƽƶսͼʵλǴδĵλãɹǣƷβˣҡҶ¶һصЦݣ˵θڣѵλǰͶϵԴһ㶼ô
ŵƽ俪ڵҶֶ⻰ʲô˼
λ뿴Ҷ΢΢һЦش漴ȡ˼ʮˮַλƽ̣ÿһ涼һͷ񾳰˾ص塣
ڳͷ޲¶ɫҪ֪޵˶һ̸̾ɫ䣬Ҷȴһ㣬־ͽһ߾Ѿӡ彻˳ݵɫ˹Ŀ࿴ˡ
λƽ̶֪Գɿռ䣬γ龧ʲôɱ֮ķ֮еԴ֮ḻҲ֪
Ҷ˵֮䣬̧һ֮£ʹһͷؿڳһѺȡһ龧ˣָһкȻһѺ
ת֮䣬Ͼͳ߰ʮ«ɢŨŨҩ㣬лʮıɢ⣬ҫۡ
ﶯġ
λƽ۾һ˲䶼ױˣǶݺݵؿЩҩ۾ЩֱˣǶǵľͷˣ¶û˵֮ʹЩϳȡһ龧㵹ľƷıͺƷҩʱڳеͷĺ
ֻҲһͷСС˾صսʿѡҶֵ⣬ﻹ˿ֶκͶҩλǰĿʱλǰĵбȻܹ绢


422 Ů黳
þƷķҲֻеԴܴԱһϰֵظǰˮף漴΢΢۾ҶԴصҶֶôĺôɵƽ̿ô
ҶЦˣλǰЩҩȻҫֻۣܹȥĺôȻ޴ӵλ춴ͷȻӵ򣬵ϲ뱻Կλһ⵰⣬һԴѵʿǷô
ѵλƽ̾Ͳ뽫ʮǰʧȫֲô
ƾʲôҪЩΪǵļƷЩ˾Ͳܹô
Ҷһһ˼֮£·Ѿ˵ǰһķˡ
ңǲȥ壬ҲŹǣλ֮е̫ϳǣֻ¶ɨҰɡ
ڳƽ̺ͳϵ۾ʼ쳣ĳҶ仰ɿ޲̾ͳ嵽ȡķҩ
ԱߵĿתؿҶǴԸɹĵӿǸЩ˶ģ֪Щϼ޻ƽ̾ͷǵĽƻ֮ģܹڶϼ޻ĵųǰ治ɫ򶨵٩٩̸˲ؾһóϷ
Щͷÿ˵õһսʿ֮ͬʱҲڵõһֿı鵤ϲЦտҶ漴ֽԼǰսʱһЩ飬ԼÿĶҩȡ˳Щľͷ뷽跨ȥԸˡ
Ҷ۾գҲգؾͳһѵı͵ҩ˵ǽ軨׷𣬵ݾ޴ֱʻΧ˶Ŀ࿴ˡ
׻޴ʿ
δеʿʮǰĺɨԴһֱʮֵƶ񤣬ڳͷжûеֻоƷıѣ˵ѾǿҪķˣûҪҧһڡ
Һ޼Ϲ飬ûҪ¡
Ҷһɹ֮᳡֮еƽ̾ͷ̾ͿʼηսĻκ˶޷ˣȻҲҶֵݼֱ޴С֮ей֮޲ݱ˷ָʹҶҲһͷ亹
Ҷ֮⣬޴ЩʿѾܹ׵ΣյĴڣǵҲֻѡ
ңԼµԵ޹ˡ
ɫδʮѸٳٸΪĳȳͼҵҶԤ趨µǿ֮УԸɹ˶С
ԸɹǷگ飬گĵӶϻľͳս΢ľڱչС
ȷһ˶ޱȵĹȴǱҶĶһһһһĻȳɵǧٿף޴ʱֻʣ¼˰Ĺͷˡ
峿ҶϣҶ붨֮Ŵĳأɵسһ
죬˯ͷˡҶ۾Ӵһ
ʱԸɹ֮еһ˴룬ȴԵࡣ
ٻͺԷͷһɽϣӭųĳ˶ıǿл
ͷڼǰѹģʼʱЩӲѶͲϵ˫޵ĵĥʹԼѪͨԪ񽥽׳ʵڵ֮бﻵˣͷ˳˴Ըɹɽ嶥¡
İûսӣû뵽Ȼ˵ģٻͰһ˶Сһ˵ģ
ԺӻĵġҶŸ첲ůڵĳԼϣʱŶòսˣƴӣѪսġ
Ҷм̵Ǳʡٻ֧Լ°ͣȻܹɿЩȥԡġ
ٻͣ㲻׵ģ˽ģ޵֮ˣ˽ԸӡҶǿǵΣǾǿˣֻҪΣûͷҪԴ˵ǣܣҪ˵ǣҲܣͷ˭Ҳȥѩ̿Ψһܹ˵ǵģΣ֮⣬棬ʵʵ棬вǵŦ
Ҷ̯˫֣ʵֻһ㴰ֽѡ
žһҶ۶е÷֦ɫ
Ҷ磡ԶȻһһɫٻӰ֮£˹
ҶɫһٻͺԷͬʱ¶˺쳤ЦһתͷԱߵı̲֮С
ԴҶѼɶһ֮ĸйѾ׸ıˣ⼸ÿնܵҶסĵطӽΪеĹ̡
Ůӣװֽһţͷ֮󣬸ǶӲмһˣܹġ
ҶѧʶԨѧţ۽磬֪֮䣬ѾʼøУ˵ĹϵʼһΣյĵز
Ըɹ֮У۾ˣܹĸоõѾҶˡ
ҶɵӣܸܲŮ黳ʱ̸˵ļڡ
ҶѲظеȣСŮ֮顣
Ҷ̬ΪΣǹѾ˵£ǡ
ôӣûе²ǹ¡ι΢΢һЦƴ޾Ĳɣ̾Сױ࣬Ů֮һƬհףµмϵģֻ֮һ֣дɵḶ́ȻҶӲûжģǾͲҪκεĹ˼ɣ飬ʿǾִŵģҶӷͬˣɱϵȻСΪ֮ġ
ҶɵؿЦü̳֪Щˡ


423 ͻƶ
޹֮Уɫů
Ҷǿ׳ڴϣ㷢ɢСôϣĽ̷˽޵Һɫʱʱ۾͵͵һۣ¶һ˿Цݡ
˰Ҷ§סɵļһ㷢
ιر߹СޣûнӴŮ֮£鷽漸һƬֽ֮ҲǴԸɹܳŮӣ۸ڶӶǲԴɫģΨҶȴǴڶ⣬۷Ϊ֮ģô׵Ĵ
ʿ֮䲢ûν˼
ȻҶûжԼ˫޵µʵĸԸظ
޵߲ûôෲĹأֻҪãϲ˾మһమϾͷֿˣûʲôˣֻǲܹȻеƿ
ƽ̾˲ٵԵҶһᣬ޵֮еȫʵΪȻʿǴĹǷЩŮ֮ĵѾ޽С
Ǻôһ컵ҹ֮УҶ׵ķſĻһ
磬⼸գҪ𣿡ס̽һָüĵľᣬдŨŨĲᡣ
գһҪȥҶͦ˳ţ̫Ӵˣƾ⼸ԵֵģһҪ£ʿ
С΢΢磬Щʱ䲻𣿵ͻ˵ض쾳Ҳٰʦ޵ҲϵأѾ֪ͨЩʿ
ҶЦһҵЩʦʦǣһߺԡѪƴɱһҲǵ󲻵õġ
˵꣬ļͷο㰡Щ飬˳ٷʱദʱͶˡ
ģãĵ̾һҲ᲻㡣
ġҶס֫һġ

ǿ֮УһƥĽɳ۶֮Լһƥսۡ
֮УڷһˮײģһͷصʣҶȶһԣͷʡ
Ҷֺദ˼֮ĵغ뿪ˡ
⼸Ҷ˫޵ͨഫ໥򡣴ϣҶһЩԸ¸֮ҶڵҲǳ
ҶԼԼظ˵ض쾳ΪһֻᰴͷʵԴ棬ɫ¡
ȻѾɾ˲֮ΪβٳɾͶ֮Ҷ㱡
ͷصʱδɢȥֻѾǵ۸ĨɱҶʩչͨһֱλãϸͻƵض쾳Ĺؼڡ
ɰٴ˴
˲ʹ޵򣬽²ϵʵһʵʵڵĿռ䡣һʵʵڵλ棡
֮Ҷһڵжʱ˸¸֨֨ˡ
еʼڲͣ۱仯ţԼڷ·֮Ȼըѣˮڲͣرӿ˺¡¡һɹӿĸʼͣ
ԼʼͣըѣȻٲͣԭȫ򣬽ٴĵ֮һӣȻʼ׳
ϣϣɣմ󶴣
һͨССܷĿռ佥سˣҶ֮зɳվʯЩվʯ̲֮ǧĿռ䷨
žһվʯ˷ĩռ̷֮һ漴һվʯ˿֮Уγһλռ䡣
ˣǲأҶһ
ռλãȻһ˫Ľ֧һ㣬ΧԪʼݡ
бԴһɾ֮ԭⱩǵ˼㼸ѿĿռ֮кȻʼ˹ȥжʱȹˡ
Ҿ˵ԭˣеͨȹռͨҶʱ쳤Цһ
ḥ̂ۻǣת֮ռɣҶ쳤Хһ
ڿٶĶ쿪ʼٵؿʼת֮ˡ
ĥ̺ۻͨĵطֻĥ̵øעͣ뻺ãۻȴעصתĹ̡
֮еͲݵĿռ佥۳ĥ̺תԼȹ֮£Ŀռ֮нȹ
Ҷ̧һ֮ԭʮֵõģڲͣؽ˿ռ̺֮ںȻһɺƴĿռ䣬򽥽
ɽԪңҶȻָ̧һͷϸɽš
ĳˮˣ嫾޴Һ̬һ޴ٲˮԴԴϵغعڵĿռ֮С
ɽ֮еʼ糱Ѵһͨļȡ֮£ƿ˿ռϱԴԴعĿռ֮Уʼ賤س籥ˡ
ϴεǬվԼռ䣬ԼУԼˮŵرֻµվҪԵˡ
ǬҲǵصľͷ
Ҷ΢΢㶯һʶдҺ̬ĳˮˣΧĿռϱͨӰ˸
ԭԼĿռ侧ҲֻǱȽõ״̬ǱЩҺ֮ЩȽõľ涸ȻһһĶΧҲˡ
ԸĴܹͨʮ˴ԸһСԸЩСԸȻ춯أǹ̶Ըɹݸģ棬ȴǲҶͨˡ
ܹ۷ľ֮󣬲ܹﵽԸľءԸͨİ֮ˡϧȴܹ־صġ
ʹǴԸɹ̫ϳϣҲнŷ۷徳ġ
ԸɹһԸͨĸ֡
һԼĿռ֮УֻԼĿռ֮УһһŵĻ粻⣬ƺ̲֮ͣתݡ
Ȼɾ˿ռ䣬ҲֻǻһƬѣеɢµػһȫûгγ˻춴Ҳûз
ֻ֮ܳΪһѣһǽԼĿռ䳹г򣬰ԼͣתĶ쾳ѡ
ҶʶƬδĿռ֮УȻһⶸȻɹռ֮бӿϢĻȻ½ΧԪȻֻɣռϱڽһ㾧ģ״ˡ


424 ʦ
Ҷ챾ԴռȻΡ
еλãħֲѹķռ֮е֮У·ԼɽһƬغʵ֧֮ţϷ֮Լǳ켣Ʈ첻տĽޱ޼ʣԼʥڳʢϢС
챾ԴռȻˡҶ붨֮˹
ԼĿռѾ׵ȹһҪʱķˡ
һزףҪԼԪؼʱϣȻٽʱ֮ԼĿռ֮Сǳɾ͵ĹؼڣԼǬսʱˣԼķĿռһӴ漴ͱĿռ䷨ԼȻͱ׾ٵƿˡ
Ҷ΢һƬվ̧һ֮£ΧİȻɢȥˣһСƬ֮»ָյľףǳΧػš
ҶչһȻʲôתһȻһߴСĹľ
Լ֮УҶֲ֮һЩʥˮ⼸ܵʥˮ֮£ԼĵȻ׵ⰻȻ
һǰع⻪˲Ϣͷ৵һ£˵ˡ
ŮɫֹŶ˵ϣɫɷףϾȻ˵ɫƺڲͣظʴڵ
˭ŮŭһվҶϸһۣ漴Իָƽ
ҶŮ䱸漴һЦԶԶվ˵ˣʱ֮ء
Ůһ漴ͿЦŵˣұ׷ɱԲز
Ҷһ壿Ѿô
Ůסؿڣҡͷƺ֮һЩɢԵС壬ܵ磬֮еҳһ䣬ңʩչ֮ͨ
䣿Ҷɫһ漴ңңضץһѣһŻƮƮط˹
Żɫ棬̺żаϢʮֶ񶾵ͷһҵ
СģͨŮæֹһմȾ֮󣬺ٻ˵Ԫ񡣡
Ҷ˵ͷкȻһƬĽ֮Լ֣Ůɢ֮񣬴һֺ⣬Ż֮һӴ֮£͵Ƭ̵Ĺͻˡ
ѾȻͨŮӶʱ־ϲ
ؿҶ漴̧һһƬĽɫϣŮϵʹ֮ɫһɨաף֮ؾڵ֮
ŮӴϲѾ˵ͨѲ֪ܷһ⣬һʮˣЩ巨ңֻͨҪơ
Ҷʵѣ»Ҫ֮ȥʵڵ鲻ãǵҪͨĻҿһ
˵꣬һŽɫۣתۼ;۶һףͶӰݸԴʧŮӡ
ԸɹŮӵһȻԴ¶һ˿֮ɫѿҶҶ֣
ô֪
Ůӻ˻еͶӰЦʦ⣬Ҷ֣ȥòܾ˰ɣһ˾Ͷһ
ҶһģͷƤ飬ʦ㣬ʵ׼Ҫĺôȥ
˻֣ЦѲȥˣδŪô󶯾ĺá桢ͳٸʿѾõϢڼ֮ǰͶѾ㳲ˡ
ҶΣֻõͷˣʦǰ·ɡ
һ·ϣʱʱҶҶΪΡ
۲˸ЦҶѣ㻹ǽˣҪʦʦĳƺҲеˡ
ðɡҶεصС㣬ԸͨеӦܹƴԺͨɣ
ûģǴԸɹ֮еԸʮ˴ԸһСԸⲻɵ̾Ϊ̫ǳԸͨʩչʱҪԪܸţһ䣬ħʩչԸˡ
ɳԽǳ֮ҶһƬ½֮С
Ƭ½дѿĺۼƺǴĳϱ뿪һ飬Χǳת
һСƬ½֮УʮϺƬͷǵ壬ΧһȺʿȺʿвٶ֮
⼸ȫʾΪȴʽװʽʮֵĻ
ϵ巢˹ʿʷ˹ֽеĺ߳Ҷ˹
ҽԸͨңңؿǣ
Ҷס˳ȥ⣬ȻӰ
ǧеĶӰͨѾõ˼µľأٿȥǰ
ǳɱΪ׵ʺȻһ̽ȻǵĹâˡҫķ
ɷǶǲǵȵǳ֮һֱ۴ϸǹ⣬һִǹ޼ƿռٶϾȻ˿ѷɫиͨ
ǰʮͨȻÿһŶöԸҶ̾һ漴̧һǣľȻ֦ǳȻ˿ڿб黯ǹ⡣
Ҷ˫һȦ֮£ЩǳģĶһ˲ȫһȻ̧һǱͨɽЩ𵴷ǹ⡣
ҵʱһħͷ£ڱԸͨ
еȻʮʶʱסˣǸ˼ҵˣҶû˵漴Ȼȥʩչ˷ӡͨЩ񽫾طӡ˸ţǵķķ׷ӡˡ


425 Զ
ɣҶһӣкȻһټĺڶʮӡͬʱԼĿռ֮С
ͬʱͷΪߵȻҶˡ
ͷʵΪڵϣǳͨһеǹ®Ƕһ㣬ƣһڿнΧǳ֮۶ɵɷ
һŰŶСǹ׳˹֮շ𵴡
žҶɾҵշת˫ֿһ㣬ǧǧͷʽȻ˿·硣
˫ֱ仯֮䣬иɡ̡еȵͨһ㣬Ե棬ƾΧܹͨǳ̧һ㣬漴;ƿˡ
죬ҪˣϽĸɵЩһǣ
Ҷ˫ֽĻʮͨתͷӺȵ
ӺȻշ˳ҵʱһڶܵȻҲ
ҵʱ磬Դң
ܲ͸Ļ֮£ӵԸ˳նǱҵת
ڳΧʮʿǺȻʹһȫ֨һεĴѹڵϣѹĸ󡡣
ΪΧҶʺȻһϣڿҲεסˡ
ҶȻسɱ˹ȥָһ֮̽£Ѹپͽ˸㵽ڵأȻнɱȡеͨ
ħƾԾ󷨣һͷʺȻȫɫĹⲨ˸һը˺Ȼںɫ޾֮˷
һɻɫɳฯʴתжˡ
ԱһʿϱմȾ֮󣬾ȻѸ˥Ҳֻ֮䣬ȫ¾ȻѾ˥˶ʮһ㡣
üһ˵ϾȻͨҶʱʹ
Ҷһ֮£ǰ֮Լˡ
Ҷһ
õңֹܹ丯ʴԪġҶմȾһЩȴֻǻҺɫģͿĨϵ۹һ㡣
ҶҲմȾһЩѾ˳˶죬ѾԲľˣȫֵܹͨʴ
ǿĽ֮˿֮عס֮ϵѹ
Ҷξҵػζ֮£˫ۻγһƬˮؽ⣬ȻƾôؽЩӿ֮ص
Щ⽫֮ȡƾЩ֮ǿҲ޷֮
ʱˡҶһںɫīɫֻʸĺɫһ㣬Цһ
ƿҶһԼϲͣظʴ֮£תͨ
һ֣ȫƤȻ䶯һһ֮£һ㵭ɫƤѿһ㣬ɸŨǵ֮
ҶһƤȴ
Աߵͷס˵ʿӶ˳ˣŵؿҶϾȻַܹ䣡
ۣ֮Ҷ̧һָ֮£ĵɫƤ棬һŻҺɫ֮ȻһɫŨƣȻٽƬĻɫķˡ
ͷʺȻоͨȻһεԴԴϵسȡˣʱôʧɫ
֮ԼҶ̧һ㣬סȫͨ
ˣҶҵػζһ£յĽתָһŭץ֮ͨȻ̾ͽضмߵȻͨʼ֮СѸٵزסϵͨ
һڻسȡ˳漴ͱҶԼĿռ֮С
ǳϫ˵ϾȻôǧҶһһǧķͨӲ֮󣬲ɵؾ̾һ
ͷʸǱҪҶƴһ㣬ȴֱҶӡͨѹסˡ
ҶһϸְĲжһ㣬ͷеĹ̾ɵزжȻɵذõԼ֮СҶһ㣬ִͷʵͳžӨ͸Ŀռ
ͷиɵͨҲȫͨͨسȡ˳б޻
Գ˿ռ䣬ҩװصģǷƵĻᡣ
ȺΧʿƿϵķӡֱҶףͨϵ;綾ڶʿǷ׷վл
ܹλսһҶĳ˵ҡҶΧ۰Ͱͳڶɵʿһ֡
漴⼸ͷϻõĵҩ౦ȥ
ڳʿǼԼ۾Ҷ־Ȼ˴󷽣Ϊ˽ύǣ̨£Ƿôĺô
˳˴󷽣سɴҵλɾͣԱߵ˶롣
ҶһЦ
һֲܹύЩʿǣҪľǳɹе̰Ұġʹ˶ϴһ硣
м˾ռߵıЩ޵ʿȴѵıһܹѵ񾳣ܹʹԼʵ
ǺҶͼָЩʿ̾ͿʼԷж֮һӵıؾ֮أʼԴơ
ɿʿǷ׷׿ʼΧ˻Ǻ׼ÿһ·塣
ЩͷҲͲסˣǰǺĿԻɺ󱲣ʵҲΪ˶Ը壬ĳУǳɱҲΪ
ܵЩͨļӳ֮оԼռеؿʼȹˡ
Ҷͨϵ俪ʼس˳뵱ƾֶΣسȡֻصͨɾֻصͨ
֮£ѾָƵľˡ
ܹعʱķô͸ˡ
һľͷԣʱⷨõķеǿռ䣬ڶʱˡ
ռʱ佻֮󣬲ܹ
֮Ѱģҵ֮󣬾ѭԴƿһλ档
ƿλ棬һҪľܵɽ׷ͻɾΪˣƽʼճٳٶûͻһؾ磬ɴ˿ɼؾĿֲ֮
ͻΪĸʵжôֲҶģʯ˾ͻؾľˣһ֮ѹλ춴Ϊľͷ޷


426 ʥѵ
˻ϲǣҶϲصһһѵն漴£һһʿǣʼȺӵΧŹ壬ǿյһطȴǳƲҵꡣ
Ƭ֮УǳţÿһǳĿ£СĿɽǳ̺֮Ĳͬת֮Ϊת󷨹ɣɱЩǳﶼ̲˼ǳ֮󷨵İ֮£ɢǹ⡣
Ƭ֮Уһ޴Ĺúʯɵģͨȴ˸ŵĽǣתŹĹâԵû쳣
ΧʮߴӰĬĬһЩװ˱ۣۣģǧٹ֣ȴԴһ·ؼİһ㣬η
֮м˼ľӢеλȴȫε״̬Уһλͷɫ׵ͷȴһꪰǣ׵ͷϸܵƬǡý֯һͷ״
ɹҪܵɽ׷ģ׷ĳ̶Ѱɵİٱ
ǲɽˣһɹ׽٣Ǿǿߣֻжɹ׽֮󣬲Ż᳹׻֫ȫģ
ڳ֮Уռ˴붼ǵص壬ȴֻΪ
ҪٳĬȥˣ󷽣𣬶˵˵׸ɣΪ׵Ĵ𵭵ؿˣдŷ׺Х֮
ꪽǣôȻĿռѾŤɢһԨ纣ľ޴Ǳ
𵭵ɣȥֻǸǵĶͷ͵ҩѡ
Įдų
һ󼫶ȵεĳĬ֮Уе嶼˳õĳĬ֮С
ѾŪԽԽѹˣʿҲ֪ӵķ裬Ȼĵǰıؾ֮أ׼˻֮󣬳ȥһٿɱּ䲻ҪĴ򷨺޵ͷϣǳɱܵͣ漫󣬺ܶսʿЩͷץ֮ҲɱֱӾڵڵ龧漴һսʿ˲зϡ
з˵սʿսʿңԴ
Щʾ͸ˣȺȲҪҲҪļһΧֱ֮Ӿӡͳڵ龧Ťͷܡ
֮ǰ֮һ֧Ϊ׼޴磬ڰ·ϵһʯ֮о
ľȻǵľͷһӴ֮£תۼͱ°˽ʮ򣬶;˲ٵɢɢĵͷ֮£ʹ֧δִﵽ޴ѾǱеǧٿףȫûЩľͷּݶҼȲҪ˾ܣʹ˿ǰͻϮʧ
Ҳû취ʿǶƵģǴսʿûе޴Ѿʮְ˾šвٵսʿǱץ龧˵ȥ˭ܵˣ
Ϊ׵ĴİŭҶʵǸΣյЩԷļǣһǼթƻֶη࣡ʵǿɶһҶһ磬һϲһСģʵڳĸ󻼣
ԼܾܣҪǰƵϣܵ˲ϣһͷһҲ𷴿ģοˣǸϷӴЦԼܾԼܣ㲻ֽ̫ôʮǰɱ˶ٵʿЩʿѾˣѾܺͽ⣬ȥɱôôһս֮ЩʿǶѾӵսǻۣǸ۽˳֮£ǰ׳Ҳ֪սȥĺʲô
ڳеǶˡ
𲻸ĵصѵҪôһôɱô
ؿһۣ漴ѵΪǻϣһɱǣ㻹Щʿһɱ¾ˣ
ûˣʿǶΪǵı⣬һһרԵսպݶƣӦˣҲ˵Ѿɾ˻춴ΪҶҲǺǵģȥɱǣйʣûκεˡ𵭵ص󷽣֪еЩܶӣѾûˣձɣٲձֻ¾ȫûĽˡ
Ļ̹ϣҲܿ͹ۣһԾ͵˶̬ˡ
ȷˣɱҶҲûκεˡ
˼أתͷעŴص
ȻƣⲢǱǸ߹ɣ¾ĽڡĮȻصǿ͸ĻôǾŲڵսʿͼ޵׶ɣˡҲˡ
Цһ漴վ˳ȥˡ
Ҷ쵰ڸɵĸӹˣǾȻ£˵ʮʿԣսʿʱ䶼˶٣м򰡣򣬱׵ƿ
ѵʥѵôȻڵʥѵҪռе磡
һ漴ͣ˽ŲĬȻڵ˵ûڿֻѣʥѵûǣϣڼȥˡ
ڳеɫΡ
ңʣ쳣кȻһĨӰҲʼʥּ˰ɣΪʲôڳ˯֮ǰһ


427 
ǿ֮УȺ貣һɫĹ֮д󱼳ۣųĽ棬Ƶķɹ洫ͳ
ĳ֮еĿռԼĪѰôСҶԶǰż̺һֻµĲҶһżζؿţʱʱһӣһ裬ζƷš
ȻЩͷվסҶеᡣ
ҶЦһͶе
Լؿһ鷳ˣЩʿ֮Ҷ׼ҪߵģȴǸҪһȥתתڸҶʱʱշ籩֮Уû棬ҪҶȵļʱˡ
ҶʵڰѲˣֻԼһͬǰˡ
Ϊʲôعȥأ˻ˮûҪȥʡҶ̧һУ֮еһöкõĹ䵽Լ׽š
תͷһ´ǿյĳҶǴԸɹôҵġ
ڵˣû۹㣬Ҷû֡ҶŸ첲ҪʩչԸͨҲΪǸðġ
תͷһ˫ĿôأΪǸʲôˣ
ҶĬȻ̾ոմʱճϫʱҾѾˣԸҪǿֲĿĲݵԸԸԸɹΪЩۡ
ת䣺ĴǣΪʲôԸعȥ˰ɣ
ҶеĲΪһ⣬ܶгɾ͵ˣԸ϶һִֺŵԣûִţٸߵ֣ɾҲ޵ģ㿴ϵͷмأֻƫ·;ѣܹԼĶħִת޵ĳɾͽ᲻ֹˡ
ŭҶʵ˼˵С
ΪأҶĬȻƬ̣ڵԸɹ֮ʮ˴ԸһСԸֻѧеʮСԸȴѧȫԸͨʼԭ򡣡
ܲʼɣȦ΢죬
ôʵԸɹеӵľ񡣡ҶڵºͶֲʧϽдͣǴԸɹδ˵Ը
Ҳô˵
ҶεصҸô˵أ˵˼ٻƭ㣬˵滰ֲ˵ֲˣ㰡Ҫͺˡ
ֱ˵᲻ˡص
㿴㣬һû˵ʲôأѾˡҶЦҪᣬҵ͸ð㶪ʱշ籩֮С
ⴹĵ̾˿
ֻǲģܲġһ
ҶЦˣ⣬Щʿ°ɣָǵʱ棬Ůаķ緶ֻڹҲ֮ضѡ
ŮԸϣԶҪøӼˣȫܹһˡ
Ҷܹף֮Уƽ̺ĳǣΪʲôһֱ״ӣϸıס֣֮ҲǼλ۵ĳϵ˲ٵĵӣ̲˺⡣
޽ƽ̣λʵ̫ҪҲ̫ˣһ˵ӣһеĹϵζ֮ע˾ͻʧƫģڲİȴǼĲģȻ˵׶׳𣬵ȷʵżʣҪԭ򲢲ֹΪҪڼϵƫġ
ϵĿ֮ǰˣĿʦѾʦѾǳԽĸ׵ĴڣУȴ޷ָϵʧ⡣
ҶʦҲԴô
ûʦҶųֻƽ̣ƽ̴ʦʹʦΣл֮𣬾ûָߵ͡
ֵؿʵôãƽΪʲôΪͽ
ַʽңҽеŬһжԼģпʦġҶҪõƽ̵ָ㣬û⣬ֻҪΪ´ͣͿԵõԼҪģ١
⿴һۣûˡ
ԯӡҶɳƬ֮ǰһĵĴǰ
⴦Ĵ֮Уɽе
벻˵ĻҲˡҶҵһЩʿ·;֮漴ٵĴ֮ȥ
ǧ֮УмʵǿĴ岻ֵģ⼸֮еƽ̣̫ϳ϶ɻɵΪ֮ûУƷȴһѵġȻо;߱һԽͬģ׽Ҫȥħǿٱ׽ǼԶȹģ֮Ϊ٣ëҺҵҴ
ƶСʿȻЩʿ֮С
ͬģҶҲȥЩʿǣֻǸһѡֻҪܹЩʿǵ̰֮ģǻȥðһģַȫķȻˣֶΪأ
Ҷİáһ·˳˳ˮ
Щ˲ĸߴľϢ񶾵ĳһͷɹĹ񣬻˶̣һݺʺ֮ľʼ˿ήļˣת֮ͿήƣƬ֮žľͱһöľˡ
Ҷ˼֮У漴ָһֻԼϵĶ档
ֻݺҧҶһ£һƬ̵Ķ˿Ҷת봿ͨѹס綾֮ʴ
һߵص簡ǲҲᷢչ˶أ


428 綾ͨ
ֻĶȻңҶȴƵͨ׹һˢɢɾˡ
ҶָһᵯɫĻǷ˳ȥ䵽ΧÿһǶһֻ棬һ¾ͽ価˵÷ڵض
߳Ƭľصԭʼɭ֮ǰʱһƬʡ
ԶԶһƬ߲ʵ۶ɢԼط෨Ĳ
⿴߲ᰵˣȥһ·
Ҷ˵ͷͬʱǸ˹ȥ
߲֮£˸߲ʵĹΣȴȶһ׵׻۵Ůӣȴƻһװ
Ůӱƺһ㣬ϲ߲ʰ쵵İߵ㣬ʻһ㣬ȥĿֲ
ŮӿҶ⣬æһ㲻Ҫң˾綾ĶҪմȾⶾ
һæ˺档
ʲôˣҶʵ
ŮӳشϢһͷϵط΢΢ţ°һŮ˾綾
䣬ϵ߲ʰ쵵ĹŨ
һ壿ôЩϤأŮϵķҲЩӡ󡭡Ҷüͷһأ˳˼֮С
Ůӵ΢΢Ť߲ʰ쵵ĹΣȥֲҶüͷ̧һָ֮£кȻһƲʣдصˮһİ׹ŮӵϣŮ߲ʰ쵵Ķתۼͱˢ˸ɾ
ŮӾȵվһ󣬴ϲǺͨȻܹӵרſƾ綾ͨлˡ
ؿֻǾ֮ͰˡҶ˰ֵҲǱ֮ˣֻ·˵ЩҪѡ
ŮҪشкȻһ벻㾹Ȼܵˣҵľ綾ͨ㰤úɣ
Ůɫʱ䣬һп¹װŮӡ
Ůһ£Ǳ¶Ҷü£һ˫ˮĴ۾һ˿ǵζЦؿˡ
Ӵ㻹Լ˰أŮӿЦһˮ䲻ػһ¡
һ߲ʵĶ˶һɶһ̣ڿмϸ΢Ŀ
󵨣Ҷ־ŭһԾգܿһ綾
һɾ綾֮ɨ֮ΧĻľήȻή˿֦
ҵľ綾֮ҶͬʱһҶû˵һиȻʮݲƳи˹ȥ
ţȻܹܿһǣ˲𣡡
ǲŮû뵽ҶȻܹܿ綾ɵسһۺɫˮ֮£һһ߲ʰ쵵ĹηҶи֮н͵ĸʴתۼͽи֮иʴ
Ůӷˣŵʵ֣㻹ðɣ
ûϵľ綾ͨû߾磬˲ҵġҶʰ쵵ĹΣ
һµŮкŤŽЦλ磬ô㣬ʲôŽ߾ľ綾ͨأ
һ˵һ£һ߲ʰ쵵ĹγҶƮƮػ˹
ҵҪľ綾ҵ˵ãҶһ˫Ȼ˹Ĳ԰ɫѧ֮ȻǸŮȻһ𣬷·Լʶ֮г֣񶾵䣬ݺݹ
Ů˫סԴʹļ漴۷ףͨһ¾ʹӿеʧȥʶ
ڣ綾⣬ǧûһŵʡ͵ĵơҶûϢŮ˹ȥָһ֣ϸĽ֮ˡ
һ߲ʰ쵣ɫĲƴڸ˳һʹתķɫȻѣĿһŹֹŤȴЫӣ·ֶﶼһ㣬η
Ǿ綾ֻͨ綾ɵֲסҶѰԴ׾סˡ
Ǿ綾ͨ⿴Ҷָ߲ʷЩµʵ
Ҷصؿķľ綾ͨѾ߲֮ɫڽһܻΪܹ࣬ɱ֮УƵͨҲԵֵ
ؿҶ벻ѾȻҽ̵ָͨƣСŮʵ
Ҷ˰֣ؿδ̣ﵽʲôط
Ĵ磬Ȼ٣Ƕȴ֮࣬УֻһɶѣϵͨзΪϵΪ໥ͬ²̳ͬһֵħĵͳʱû鶾ԣЩһֱ໥ɱոյѻܵŮаӰŮͽ
ҶһʥŮȥЩϤֻǡô벻ˣ
֣ǰʥŮǼǰ˼֮зʿѼȻϤҼ֣֮ͼǵˣϲύе֮ʿѣ϶ϲ
ˣ˵ɣ˴²ʲôջˡҶ÷ˣ漴һԪ綾棬Ȼ漴ͽԼ֮ˡ
ǰŮӽǰ·Ҷ˺ˣһ·ϣ綾ͨǣ֮£յĶϷɹģ߹ģ֮еģȡеĶ
ȡĶ潥࣬Բǧ֮еֶ澡ȡ˶أ綾ʼһһεر͸


429 а
ѣһײУǰһζԿģҶʵ
ǰһҲ綾ͨģǴӲɱȡѣЩҲ컯飬ֻȡ䶾ȡ֮ҩι˷֮£ȡѷ綾ͨھиȻ࣬ǸǾӢеĸ֣һͲͬˣǳȡ綾ʱľһĸ־綾ǳԿ١
֮УʥŮЩ
ҶͷǰʥŮкܸþ綾ľ裬ǺǣǱڳԿͻˡ
Խ˼ɽ֮ǰһƬԭʼ֡
Խɭ֣ǰļ̳ˣܼʥŮˡָԶɽ
ƬɭϿʱҶкȻ裬ȻסҶġ
һһۺɫƹɭгתۼ䱩չ˿ڵ˷ԲﷶΧƬдеԭʼɭеĲľתۼͱһƬľɭ֣ʮɫװŮӴз˹
벻ӵǲأ
㻹˰ôΪ׵ĲŮӿЦһ
ЩŮӿǳЦȴʮֵĺݶˮһľ綾ᰴЩŮӵˮ֮Ҷ˹һɹ˻˯Ķɢ˿
õһƬɭְȻǸˡ
ЩŮӾȻ˵Ĳʲ˾˵Ķ֡
Ҷŭָһеľ綾ת֮£ڵĹ㣬ػ˹ȥ
ȺŮæĶһһĲɫһƬ߲ʰ쵵ƹ֮Լ򶾳ľӭЩɫľ綾㡣
̡Щ綾մȾ߲ʶ֮漴Ϳʼת糤ˮһ㣬ԴԴϵؽЩ綾˸ɾ
ЩŮӴ󺧣ƴֹڵľ綾йڻľ綾ǣ֮£˹ڵľ綾֮ͨ˸ɾһҶû£ԲڵıմȾɶľĲľϵĶҲȡ˸ɾ
ЩŮȫ綾գʱ׷״ӿɫ԰׵ؿҶ
Ҷ漴ʩչеľͨһɱɫľ֮£ЩήľָС
˵˱ŮӣԶһ׳ĺ
ͷͨ׳ʻһԻ͵Ѹɳ˹һڵĴ󺺣ͷڣڵŨü£һ˫׾
ЩŮӼɽ׷׿ߵүҪǵĶ
ģģȻҪΪģаŮˣͷ򰣬ǿŵɫ
а۴аϸذοЩŮһתͷضҶҸոЩӣǱͨ
Ѿ顣Ҷ俴ЩŮӣ赭дصָŵľ綾Ѿ߲ɫתΪɫ
ЩŮӻħͨȻҶеľ綾ǵڡҶѾ顣
Ҷָϵתž綾赭дصҪôµɡ
СӣϵУūţҾˡһаٺЦ
˻Աߵ⵹һ
Ҷޱ飬ͷúúãģûģҲգ˭ҲƲˡ
¸¸£Сӣʶһ±ľ綾ɣаһ֮£ʮɫĶӿ
аľ綾֮ͨռ֮ʼһһĸʴڻͬٳһ涴һ㡣
򶾸ʴ֮Ȼ͡Ҷɫ쳣
֮а綾գ
ҶָỮָ֮нðһ˶Ľɫݡ
еľ綾Ȼһε׸˿һŨҵľ綾֮ͨһӴ֮ºȻҵת֮䣬һɫķ
аһϵľ綾֮ȴǺȻһܾĶ߰㣬һ˦ֹҶȡ
ţҶҲһȻеŵȻܹ綾
ԼȻܹԼԪԼȴ߱ԣܹֵԪôԼȡˡ
˵ԼܹκԪԪ磬صӵԵûЧˡ
аһЦıȻһټħӰ
𻨻̵ħһ쳣ŹֵףЫǯӥ°ȴһ壬λûһ̵βž綾ֻ֮üĵλò˾綾ͨķԵüɫķ沼˻̵ƣԵ쳣ײС
ΪѾ綾ͨһǰף
Ҷֹ̧ʩչԸζȻһζ֮£˲Ϣ֮ͻûӰͬʱл˳
˼ıи̡ѹȵͨһԶغϡ
ȻаҲֻӵо綾ͨѣͨóֻ˸ɰ״̬֮ˡ
¡Ҷһ޺ɨ֮£ааתۼͱˣըѳѪ漴ʹһҶ漴Ӱεطһƣǵ綾ڣһشͨʼҹа
аȻľ綾ͨûޣԱиͨҲֻܹƾֵѡ
аֵҶʮ֮£ڵ춯״ȻȻֵؽ
Ҷոմʮ֮ͨУȫǼ֮
ձ֮ҲɴڣаȻҲҶͨ綾ͨоֱʮǧζҶĶ֡
ոյһ͹֮£аֵҶͨҶ֮Ϣڣԭڵľ綾֮ȻҶ֮ķس˳
а쳣ŭĺƴת֮ģ߷ǿ죬ŵľأ
Ҷ綾總֮ңѪˮһظľ綾ͨϣеľ綾ͨҶǧӰһ̡иȵͨڵĿռ֮ʹڵͨˮһ˳
˫µľ綾ͨʱаûˣֻƴط˻š
аеа綾֮»еȻԭɵľ綾֮󣬶ʱٴαԴԴϵ˳
㣡Ȼҵͨ⵽ô£аŭһѾʴ˵¶˼侪ֵɫʲôͨ
ٺ١֪ҵ˰ɣְ׳վǸҵūҲҪģūŴȥᶪ۵ġҶЦ˫ַ֮£ǧڵռ䶼˿
ָһץ֮£һīħسȡ˳
ͷħѳ֮̾ͷ˴һɫ䶯ݵҵغ˹
Щǧ䶯ݵʵǷǳĶ񶾣ֻҪմȾҶϣ̾Ǹʴȫ³ʵǶ񶾵˼ľˡ
ҶɲҪֶմȾԼϣһҪƻԼ÷ǿɾĴ鷳ˡٴμ˾綾綾ٵת֮£Χһķ˸ɸɾŷһ㲻ͣ䶯ŲݣͬԱ˵ĶƤһ㣬ڲͣš
ôܣȻ̵ڵĶʥа˾ŭתƴҪץͨϧҶᣬһǱݺݺϡ
аҽһ˵ͱѪ⡣
һĨֵɫ˿ʶԼԲҶˡ
һСģѪȻٵسԶ˳ȥ
֮ҶЦһֻ̧һԲȦ
ռ֮ʱ֮ͬʱγһ˶ޱȵ̣аȻоԼȻһԼһ˼Ѿû
Ҷָһãһֻռסݵȵ֮С
ңԶǿ֮Уһ֮صĹ֮Уһͷˮ֮еĹŹֳӺȻ˼Ľ漴һըѳһɫѪ⡣
ãеһ߶ʱʧɫȻվɫ쳣صؿֻѾ˵ĳ
аıԪôˣôܣа򶾣Ѿ𣡾ǵصĸҲĶ֣Ȼվ


430 
ˡ
ˮϰϰһװͷڵŮشӴ˹ˮ̬ׯӭҶ
Դһ̣ͬʱסˣ¶˲ŵɫˡ
Ȼ㣬ʥŮҶʱʧ
Υˣ䶨үʥŮ˹ӡ
һƺҶжʱ
δǸòƫҵŮüѾһ˿Ӻݵţɫ쳣񾲣һװǱһϡ
жδˣһ껹ˡ˹ϸĿ˸ٴμ棬벻ȻѾǵصľͷˣҾͲ㣬񡭡Զˡ
ҲֻǸոͻƶѡҶЦҡҡͷˡ
ʥŮĿתҶ⣬ɫһ䣬ǿ΢ЦҶ֣λĵ£Ҽǵõλɴأ
дһ˵ζ˵ǼʣҶЩŤ
Ҷתͷ⣬΢һ£ҡͷҲҶֵĵ£ֻҪĴתתѡ
ɴûͻƵڼءҶ˷ۣŮôҵˡ
ʥŮ˵ô໰ˣҶֵаΪҶֽӷ硣
ϰ˰һɫζȣʳָ󶯣ʥŮ˽еļ㡣
ȴЩһʱභĳЩڣӵļȣֻǳò˼ӵ˶ѡ
Ҷɵؽʹ˼ҾƣɵʼޣζҾҪȥƷǰһƼȣϧһֱûʱ䣬Ϊֲȱˡ
ʥŮ¶οЦݣҶ˿˵˶Ѿøˡ
˵ˣжĻҶֱƾɵľ綾ܹ価ɵˣ񲻵á
Ʊյ˼֮󣬻̸ֳ
ҷشɽ֮󣬵õһ飬һֱǱУҹͨϽȱõඥʹѸͻһľ磬ɾ˵ڶءʥŮ廳֮УƵصǱȲ㣬һ·նضὫô˶۷
ҶУΪĴأ
Ҷڵ˵壿
ʥŮһ£ʧɫҶ֣˵
ĿģҪ£һ˶ԸġҶ˾ҿûϾȥˣҲصģŲˣ֮ǻҪб޻ĺá
Ҷ漴һѾӡ˵ˮ׵˹ȥʥŮ˹ͷҶ֣㲻գҺгƳĶҩ
ˡҶҡͷ޴嶷˶꣬׼ˣһȥĴ硣
Ҷ֣֪ܷǶԸһˣԱһƵĳϳûڵĸ֣а
аѾˡҶص
ڳаһʿʱһƬȻɫ䡣
ҶԱ˲ŵ֮кȻһ̵ħ񣬴޾а֮⡣
޵֮еĸܹԸ˶ǡҶЦһΪӵ򶾾Ϳܼô޵ܹ֮Ը綾ͨţë
ȻĶʥħ񣡡Աߵļλϴʧɫ
綾ͨʮ⣬Ҳ˵綾Ŀ˵ˣǧ֮пƾ綾֪ͨж١ҶЦһЦ
ڳоͨİʿǶʱ¶˼صɫˡ
Щһﶼϰˣоһµչľƣ۽ҲµӢۺ֮࣡
޵֮еĸ˱ȱȽǰʥŮ˼һ£ҶôأʲôſԿŴͨ
ҶֻǰȻһЦ漴ͲˣʥŮ֪Ҷ׵ذԼĵӸ͸©ֻεһ̾
Ҿ֪Ҳʣ㾫˵ҶôܻԼĵ̸©أʥŮĵһ̾
Ȼ֪ʾͺãǧ֮綾ͨҲλһλڵͨѣ޷ǰʮֻصħᲢۡҶ죬ֻ赭дص˵ڣһЩʤǧĴ
ʥŮĬȻã̾Ϣһ
ӲùɣҶʵ
νʥŮҡͷʧЦһѵһ뿪ﲻɣܹһͨ׵ͣôջҲʲô̫Ϊѵ£֪ҵģμȻѾҼϣǲж
Ҳһĥ°ɡҶĬȻƬ̣кȻһޡһɫĶ̵һźڰεķ䵽֮С
Ǳиͨ͸ˣλǧжھ綾֮ϣлԵʱճϫ֮мȡҶöͶģȻҿЩϼһǶ࣬ԼСĲǣҾͨԸа
ʥŮûоܾȻ˹ҾͶлˡ
Լһʲôʽ֪жҪ׵͸¶ɱﵰɡҶ̬赭дصǴ˼ģܹһѾͰһѺˣԼౣذɡ
ҪôʥŮʵ
Ҷ̾һǰ޴磬Ĵʿǣϣܹ£ԽԽãౣذɣлԵ޴ң
˵꣬һ֮£һʧ֮
ʥŮĬĬΣһ̾ϢվԵ޷ݣ˰ˡ
漴תصԼĴ֮ˡ


431 عɹ
Ҷ߹ʮ磬ĶЩʿȥ壬Щʿɺܶ࣬вٵĴɾʿ١
ҶȽźǣЩشȽϱԶشԴḻĴеʿȴڷ岢ûʲôȤҪûеǺ֮ڲһùҹĵУҶΪʧ
Щɵɢ޵õϢ֮һⶼȥ
ٸľӢʿҶ˷ƹĴ֮УӴӷ׵һ·һһڵؿɣһ·һ·Уִ򷨿Ʋۣǻٳɶ֮󣬾ͿֲˣӷӴ屻еֻʣŹǼˡ
ִ޴ʱȻѾе˾ųɰ
ҶоѾˣ׼Ҫص޴֮ȥ
ѾЩ̫ˣҪؼϢȥˣԭ·ȷص˴Ըɹ֮Уһ
Ըɹ֮Уι͹е೤ϣڴз౦͵ҩ
ι͹е೤ϣ֮£ɱ˶ʮһʣµսʿǧʵʵ׬һѺݵģڳѸ죬֮£ûһ˽ľƷʮŵر͵ҩǲ
ڶΪЧڱļѵĵӣ˶䵽һνԴϲ
Զ˹ҶվԭأЦؿŹ;ϲ
Ҷɣϲطɱ˹Ҷһ
漴תۿԱߵʦ⣺ʦ㣿
ʱһݣɵؿҶ
⣡ˣϲվ⡣
ԱߵŮǿ֮ɫʱЩˣȻԵ̫á
¶ɫǰιǰӰݼʦ
ڿϻôرס⣬˸֮ɫ
ǣʦҪչһʱ䣬һ顣ⴹͷصǰиʦĽ̵֮ΪС¶ʦʵڲӴǰԸʦĲǲ⣬ǰ鲻ãʦǣҪ
˵꣬Լеʮ龧ʦ漴ӯӯ
һˣҪʲôģܹ뿪ǾͺãͱչذɡסĽȰο
תͷҶһۣ񣬳ڲȥˡ
ݺҶһѣݺݵص
ʱ·ѵġҶСЦЦҪȥһΣҲס
ǶлˣҶѣܹĵ;֪ιɫԴƣ⣬οصıԾǿ˭ҲסģеԭҲ֪˰ɣ
ѸˡҶЦЦʵҪ˵УĲô⣬Ψϵʧˣ԰Ϊʦֻ֮УѾһп˰ɣ
һԼУ˵ļˡιЩȻ
ǵ˹۷λãȴʮֵУǺг׳ͻʱìܾôˡҶЦҼƽȻ缺ʼնûӣԭž˰ɡ
ĬȻ
һҵľҪƽ֮ο޵ˣ޵߲ͬѰ壬ӵе̫ǿˣвѡ
֮е̨ʵϾΪ˽ѹìõģìҪǲ˵ĳ»ɶԣһޱȾ޴
ҶȲݺݵƫ֮С
һѣŭôʦģǲѾ
΢죬ûм˵ȥֻŭĿӣҶ֪СӳԴˣæ뻳Уľһ顣
ûзģɵؿ
ǲͱĵŮõġҶȰҲҪʦô䵭
ô䵭СʲôҪһȶûУҪ϶ûľˡ
΢죬ݺƳҶһۡ
Ҷ⣬ֵ»£˺أ㲻Ҳҡ
ĽļͷĵؿҶһۡ
໥´һ콫˴ηջһһ˳˴νɻ౦͵ҩΣҪĻĵλǧľʮţɵķչǲԶˡ
ǧɽʼ֮Ĵ䴫ȥȴ壡
ʮǰս֮£ƾǧе͵ĵһƬǽ壬֮еʿҲ׷׿ʼ𷴻֮£ҲϽɻ˲ٵǧʮǰͨʦ֮ɻٶŴͨºֽЩͨ˽ɢڸɵʦ
ʦ˽ȴ̺˼̵̣ʦͿ˿ɹѶͬЩͨȥĿľǿ⽻ЩɣΪԼͨɴ˼ʵڳ׵ķ֮󣬸ɱ˴֮䶼ʱĦͻսΨû˵Ҵ͵ͨɵ⡣
쿿ʵͨɿȴʵ¡
ͨ˱סʵͨµ𲽻֮£ƾһԾͳΪ˽֮µĵڶɡ
ʦҲһֱ׼һҪ׻ʳ޵ϵ


432 
ҶûڴԸɹ̫ͣãһ·ֱӷص޴硣
޴֮УѾ˸ɾֻʣǵսˣ֮ն񼫶࣬ҶӼɵŵӿе֪ɹúһɵǶȻʱҲͷ
˵ĴգȴǻУгҲ࣬Ծռһ򣬶Կ壬⵽Χ֮˽ĵͷ֮Ԫˣǻţֻ´ӴԺҪһ겻ˡ
ͨɴ˴ȴȡ˼ŵرнͻ˽ĵͷ񾳵ʿ˰ٱҲֹ֮нɻ౦ҩǶѻɽ˿νԴϲ
ݼҶʦ֣ͨɴ֮󣬸ŵĵӾȻ񾳵ΪҶ̹֮Ȼס
ؿҪȥƽ̡Ҷ˻ֵ
Ϊ׵ĵӹصʦƽڱչأǺʦ֣ʦֽˣǷǳʱڣκεӽŶҪƣһǰȥһ
šҶ˵ͷ
̷ϵİͽΪȻҶպգΪȴǼϽܣִ˷ʱ򣬽ץ˲ٵһرƶһϵп̷
Ƭ֮˹йµظҶһȻָðƣŷˡ
ͨɴ֮УҶظо֮еЩԾæֱСɽ֮С
ƽ̶Сɽ֮УԱΧţ̷ִӰĴϣĴϵȼڵİ׻ԴԴϵؽķС
ˡ絭صתˡ
ƽ̣ôģҶʱ򣬶ʱһ
ʱ˿̣ﻹǵǸӺݵƽ̣ϳ˺ʮɫۣѾ˸ж˿һ㣬ЩɫĵȻڲͣţŵĹһ㣬ͣи
Ҷ֪ЩۿϢŵȴʱ䣬ƽ̵
һλʣյʱʥ죬ͨϽе񵶣γһͶӰҡЦţ¶ʹɫ΢΢鴤š
Ҷһ񵶣
Цҵڣҹͣظʴҵ˾ѣ֪пɸа֮ҲβôҲβܹҲã֮еҪˡ
֮дһɲĵķŭ
Ҷϸһ˿ϵĵۣһ֮ƽ赣ģҴ˴ԵɺҲõһͶӰܲܽγ
ȻͶӰĴϷ·һ㣬𾪵ؿҶ
Ŷϲæóһ¡
Ҷָ˵Ĵϣͷسһϼ⣬Ӱ
ķƽ̵ǰתݡ
ϺȻһӰЩӰͬʱӡ⣬ÿһ鶼һߡ
֮Ҷһְһɫĵ档
Щ鶼ѱģⱾģܵҶǣ֮£׷׵ػ㼯ն˵ĵ档
ǧɫ˿˿֮УҶָصţ֮Ӱڷ˸Դعס˵ۡʼͣš
λãһɽɫĹⲨסˣȻһһر˳ʲݵˮһ㡣
ʱӳװס֮󣬽γһˮɫĵ͵Ӱ
͵ӰͶӰ
ƽվХһͷ϶ȻһټĻ춴Χٸ«֮һĵҩɵľУתۼͱ춴ڻֲķˡ
ƽ̱񵶵ͶӰն֮ҹиȻնɱ˽ƽѾˡ
ãã㾹Ȼôһ羪ϲҶͷϵ
Ҷ콫֪ƽ̣ҶǴƿŶõģҲе죬ʯȶɹ׽ٵĸˡ
ϴϲðͨҲˣ٣Ժ󻹸ɪ
ǰǰƽֵ̿Ҫͨɣ̷Ҳϲʤ
ִϵҶ׼δ
Ա߼λϵĿͬʱתҶǵ֮ǺˣҶΪߣӦý׸ɲǣǸƽ̲
ҶЩãתƽ̣ѯʵƽΣ
ǽĻԵӦԼңûмϣȻƵ˼񵶵ĵǻҪɹ׽٣۳Ϊң鲻й©ȥϣܹһеİء
ϵͷƽ֮
Ҷû飬漴ݸƽ̣漴ֽǵ񵶵ͶӰ
ƾͨҶյƽеĵˮɫļһ޵ɫӰһݡ
񵶣Ҷ׸ӡ˳
Ҷƽ̣ԭɽ֮һƷµͶӰƿŸ֮ãֻǵеİҪһֻҪŵرˡ
û⣡ű˴δǧջ񼫶ˣҲˣеҲѾ˽ٱҲֹ


433 תƴ
ҶԼǰСɽһııҩʯɵĿɿڴ΢Цƽ̡
ƽǰδеĿңһҶ˼ҵûиߴ󣬷˼ָĪ⡣
˻˽ƽ̣Ҷλƽ˽λƽʯͷ϶եˮȻϻôĴۣôڴջ϶ľ޴ˡ
̷ִλϼǺ۵ذ֮еĲϺͼɹȻҶͨϣ¼ϵ
Ҷ֮мнɻıˣܹܲ価ɹҪˡ
ƽ̡ҶΪˣҪֻ±Ҫɹ׽٣ͬ춴ͻһ׽٣Ƕɲȥ
ҾҪ׽١ƽ޲һĨȵɫʵֻܼˣʱԻһС
˵꣬һڣѿһŻˡ
λҲ󲻿ظ߳ˡ
ˣһǳȵƽ̽ηʲô裿
Ҷҡҡͷеͷ˦һߡ
ҲգȻ׼Ҫ裬Ҳ㷢һѺˡҶĬƬ̣Ȼתһףӱ˳ǰѲ֮ϡ
Ȼǧ˿ƵĽ⣬ӰͬʱؽһɵĽɫУ˴ıȡ۳һˮһ㣬Щ˽ȥţɼ׵неıϾˡ
أ֮Уһһڵؿʼʵһɵӡ¼עȻѸٹͨ
һɫӰӿз˳εģ
μˡһ׳ΣҶ֣صһ
Խһε֮
ڿϳˡҶ
ԭǱʯ˸ģҶΪʹһԪУʹԼܹеȴһʱܹģԴҶҲ޷
õ֮ŵرҶԪ㻯ڱˡ
Ȼѻγ뿪Сɽֻ¾Ҫ׽ˡ鿪ڵ
ģҲġҶȥˡ
Ҷ߳Сɽ֮кȻƮһɺѹѹѹͨɵϿ񷶥
ɽ¥
ʱ˿̣ƽ̺λ϶Ѿۼ˹㳡Уһ
Ҷͷϵλϵɫ˵ϲŭǶʡ
ֻƽ̵ɫƽһ֮£ī֮УԼȽ
죬֯һԲϾУһڶس͡
ãˣǲҵдˡ糤һͨȴڼ
գѾ쳣㡣
ããã
ƺڶ̶̵ƬУƽѾ¶ĳƸ۵ľġ
Ȼ䣬Լһһķбų˳
ƽ̣ô⿪ӡˣԱߵ̷ϾһʵҪ
Աߵļλ϶ʱʧɫ
һ̣ȻҿԼķӡɱ˰ͷص֮罫ǾԪʹĻ춴ǿˣѾɽ׷ľˡòѡӡԼеͨڼһ̣羹Ȼ⿪Լķӡɽ׷
ҲȻִӻȡһ۴Ľ𵤣һ£ȻȻ̷ȥ
ͷ϶ʱһСɽһ޴Ļ춴һ쳣ƴĲշܵǣ֮£֮һۻˣ׽پȻҲˡ
ɣһָգ˴Ƶŭ
֮е׽ƺƵĶ׼ŭˡ
׽֮жȻһĨ⣬ɱէһ㣬׽ͬʱ
תƴȻһһǿƱ˳ȺɽΪ֮𺳡
֮ͬʱһһ˶Ļ춴
ĴʥˮȻȼ߷תƴתۼ䣬춴ͱʩչ˼޵ľء
춴һ׽֮еתݣΧ˶ʱо޴綼ھҵػζһ㡣
̣춴֮жǳתŤʱգΧ±Դת֮£λ·𶼱Ųơ
Ť׽ۣ֮Ҫ̫࣬һСͿˣ㹻ˡ
ɷ׻༷ѹų⣬ʱնʱͳֳһּѹŤ״̬ƣ״ɫײͣŤš
ɷҺͨĶתƴŤ˾ʮ۳̶ȣȻص
žžӿ񱩵ɽ׷ʼͣؼѹ飬ǵɵ
꣡꣡ڴϸɽ緣ͬʱ֮У档
ߴ΢΢һ£ͷϵĻ춴Ѻۣ·𱻳״ľһ㡣
Ļ춴ͷ·ͲرһǿˮݺݹУسűһ㡣
Ҳҵػζһ£вû飬״ϵݺݵ˳ˢ
֮ȡ򣡡Ҷָؽʢһɷ֮˳ʱȡԼڵ֮С
ϱ֮Уһؽᾧ״沼״ĺۼ
׷ʼתݣЩɷ׾û׷ʼ׳ת֮䣬׷ͨĹ֮ͨ£׳
׽ٽϷ̵ڿշ𣬿ʼſ𲽵ſסԪססϸף˶ʼš
ֻ罻ʵõĽ֣ɷ׾ٶȣȻɢԼ֮С
Щµ׾ȡȻ󻯳һһ羧ڣ׹̡
Ļ춴ǿһ㣬ԱߵӰһԲȻڵȼ˻ɫĻ棬ȻһɰɫĹϡ
ҶάסҪȵӿ¡¡졣
һɻƥԪڣԱߵ̷ϡϣȵǳǶ˹һ̵˴ѵ֮漴ķȼԴԴϵعڡ


434 ɽٳɹ
Ҷе׻ͽǵжȡһƷĵѣȻô󣬵ȴ쳣ȻɵѾãѾöûùˣΪ˵ֵ׽٣Ҷ˳ȴû뵽Ȼܹʼȡ׽١
ĻסססϸԴԴϵرҶǣ֮£֮У鱻ҭֱۣɵǿҲʼɱ
̣׻ͽһˮع󣬽̬ڲͣչ׽̲֮صķʼУϸ緢˿·˽档
ϵ׽ۣȻ˸һ£һϸȻ档
꣡꣡һȦ⣬Ŷһ£ϸ۳ý񡣾Ө͸
ˣ׻ͽϴһӴϵɢһ޷Ҷϡ˵ɫĹⲨһǿϢơ
ɫĽϣһ쳣ӵϣһ͸ˮİצȻڶΧ˿ƣϸϸ£Ȼϸ˿γɵġ
Ҷе׻ͽһӣỮ֮ճ鲣Ѻˡ
װ˼Ȧ֮󣬶Ҷ˵ͷ֮״ʼԴԴ߿е׽֮
ʱ˿̵ƽڲͣתתƴ
һһΧɽ׷֮ͣݵתݣ֮׽ֵ֮գʹķǿһ㡣
֮磬Ϊɽ編򣡡ͷϵĻ춴Ȼܹµһ㣬ڵ׽֮
Ƶ֮ͣعڣˮǴߣ춴֮кȻ¯ձ
ƽͷϵתݵĻ춴Ȼһ£һ죬춴ըѣΧ˶һ
ֻζһ£ͷϻ춴Ѿָ˹ֻԭɫĻ춴ɫӵһЩ
һĻ춴־һա
˷Ŵ֮е׽֮ƽϢˡ
ͷϵڵĻ춴ȻɫһĿ
ϲŵؿſУеɣǴ˵еɣ
ɣ羹ȻܹΪɣеƽ̺ͳǶˡ
޴翪⻹ͷһ⣬һΪʿ
ڣͷϵĻ춴˿һͨصӰͷˣȺɽΪ֮ˡˮɽֱ¡
೤Ϻһ㣬Ȼоһ쳣Լ֮Уӿ֮м޾ĵз򣬶ʱǸоǳ
ڰƽԴԴϹעӰϣһȣվͷըѳķͼͷתݣתۼһ˶Ļ춴
Ȼͻ˻춴
ӰȴһҲͻˣ̷ϴЦҲģһ˶Ļ춴ͷˡ
Ƭ֮ƶ˻΢Цؿˡ
еҲȽȽƮƮҶ֮Уתݡ
Ҷ׻ͽƽ̵ķɡ
ʱ˿̣׵ƣվԭأȴһֲϢһ㣬վ۷״̬֮ˡ
һˮɽͷֱ£ϵϴˢţ粽֮ʢʻҷ
ɣɵΪ̷૵ؿŴԶƽ̡
ɣ벻վߵһЩͲסˣһĳЦϹŶѾԶԶسԽ㣡һɵҲκβˡ
ϢûгȣȴǷһشݵķɵƽ̳˵Ϣ֮󣬲ԼȻڰæ֮У̾Ͷ˹ֱӾ֮ܵͨˣǰ
һͨɵſﲻһŶǵľͷӭǵΪҶ
δĴԸɹԶԸأɾǿɵҵλ
һλ˵أ޴Ѿǹˣкͨɽõɶʱϲ񣬶ͨɽɣǿʼ㷲
ͨҲˣһƾʧȥˡ
Сɽ֮УҶ׻ͽ
ƽ̡
ҶЦƽ̼ǧۣ̤һˡ
ؼˡ絭صÿ֮ǰ޵ŵ˶ᱩǣΪ׵壬һ֮£ȻˮǴˣҲ޿ɺǵһˣһжתƴʹ׷໥ѹײ׽µٶȣȷն˼ˡ
ҶʵƽŴԴô
ǰͨʱ뵽˽һ׽֮׶ɹģҲֻͬ׽ٲܽƽеʵһֱڼ֮еһͶתƴû뵽ȴȴ˵õ
ãǶɹȥˡµ̾Ϣһ漴˵ָҶ㽫ɣǱ׽ٽԵУ飬Ϣ⴫
ˡҶͷ


435 ˴
ĵ֮С
Ҷ׻ͽȶԼ֮ڣΧһˡ
Դ˶ɽ֮ʱǳססס׵ȵັ׷֮Уγϵ׵򣬶ϴڸһͨ
ڽɾɽ׷֮Ѿ׵ɱ˰ˮ׼ˡ
ҶĽ֮£¼һȴǽɽ׷֮е෨ɵˣγһķʹýѾӵ˰ˮ׼Ҷִƽ֮λν˳ˡ
ƽ̶ɽٳɹ֮Ϣһֱûдȥ⵹ΪͨɰװBΪһɽ֮ƽ̴׽֮򵽵Ķ̫࣬Ҫʱһ£ܸһͻɣʹСɽʱ䷨ҲеЩ벻
Ϊ޵ߣ˵ҪԲ֮⣬ҪǿҵĽȡģԼľܹʱ̱ʢ״̬
ɳȻȴûж졣
߽˴﹩ʦλ
ʮϣɫµ˹
£һȣڳʮλˢˢعڵأ̧ͷλ
ʦȻ۲˸ʾĵļһ㣬ʦ֮٣ܻûɵĽʢʦ֮
Աߵ೤ҲɵذĨĨʪ۽ǣ˵Ŀʦп޵̾Ϣһ
Ҷ첽ǰλԱȡһ̴ȼˣȻ󽻸ƽ̡
ؾصߵĴȻ㡣
ͨɵ֮С
ƽ̶УԱ߶Ҷλϡ
ȻλΪ̫ϳϣҶ˴ͣΪ˵صĶ쾳ִ׻ͽķڷ˱Ϊͨɵƽ̡
ȻҲвٵ洫ӣͻ˵ͷҶΪȴĵķڷλҲĬ
Ҷת翪ڵ̫ƽ̣Ѿɷڰ¶ʮգ񡣡
ţʱˡ˵ͷ
Ҷתͷˣʵλʲôô
̫ƽȻɾɣ޵ˣӦݺ£ɾ֮ҵǰ
˵洫֮Уĵ죬ƽǺսҲѾͻ˵ͷʱǿȵɫ
֮ҵ絭һЦеĵ伮ЦǺǣǻҶͲˣҶ
Ҷվ˳ڵĵһҪѪͬģһ˵ͬҲˣһζĺֱײ˥ߣôΪҲ͵˾ͷˣǫѷʹĴΪ£ص²٣˵³ɲѧǡ
Ա洫¶˻Ȼɫ˵ͷ
ƽ֮λɾ֮ζűθˣƴΣҲܹ̫Ű絯˵ָصȥɹɽ٣ѾɾɣǻҪһʱ䷽ܼͣﶼ̷ִλϴҶڴ˰ɡ
Ҷͷ
¶ʮգ˵Ĵ󼯻ᣬͨٿˡ
ͨɵŵƽʣһ쳣֣ӭŮӵҲϲϹͨɵĶа
֮гһλɣκɵĵӶԶһǿ룡֮£ڵһʵʵ廨ͷˡ
Ÿɵƽ̺ͳϷ׷׶ЯǰһǰأҪ̽һˡɹ׽֮ǷԸɽѹ
֮ɻûûˡ
ŴɵľͷǷ׷Χͯӷ׷׶˲ˮ͵ˡ
кȻһǹˣһۣӣʮΧһ
߲ǱˣǴǹǵ۱£ʮλŸɫЦݿ˹ǵɫȷʵЩǿҶһ̸Ρ
ǵ۱ȻֻǽΪЩҲû˿Ľ˲ɵ͵صҶζƿһ㡣
Ҷݼǵ۱¡Ҷǰһ
ҶֶǵЦݿס֣ΪˣǺþöûеǹˡ
ҶҸոմⷵҲЩֿѣ֮ǹݷһѡ
ãáǵ֣תƽ˹æǰֵϲƽ̣ϲϲƽ̾ȻܹɵƿΪ޴ĵһˡ
һ˿ɲҵЦӯӯصǵѿˣǵѵĸõһСƬ򣬵ôԴֻ޷ɲǡ
ǵҡҡЦǺǣ˵Ǵǹ޴ָһ飬һңα˵һ
ԱߵҶˣжʱЦǵ۵ĴǹǵֵʱΪܴձָȥһ飬ָȥʮʱδǹп˵޴һ֣ƽͻΪǾͿʼƤˡ
޳ܲҪ޳һҪиںǵǺûи
һԸӭĵǣ˾ҲɵذƲ죬Ǳû¶˿״
λ֣ܹɹɣҲֻǽ֮ңλѵĳޣλѵʵ̫ˣܲ𰡡ЦǺǵص
ֳɾɣ޴ϲ£ҲѾȴˣ˫ϲŰƽ֮еΪߣȻ˵һܹͻɲ֮ң޴֮£һӵɵĴܹƵǶ츣ذ
ҵҵǫѷѡ
˸õΣʾһʵЩͲסˣʵ
Աߵƽ̾ͷǲԼͬذͶ硣
˵仰ʱڨڨģ仰ҲǴƽ̵ڡ
ϾǰͨһǺܲ·ģɵƽ̺ͨɵĹҲǲСʱҪջظռݵĴӣ޷ܾġ
Աߵƽ̺ͳǶĿתؿ
ǰΣΡ΢΢һЦһ˫صصص˴ܹ٣ȫλһжɢ˰ɡҸԾӪԼɣܶԵ˻ҵʦҴ˴ҲλˣǵʵĲ໹̫һЩλӦüǿӵܣʵ׳ɲǡ
ôһ̬֮ڳеĳǲԼͬһһλһټϸͨ޵еĴɱֻҪӵˣ붼о쳣Ŀֲ


436 ʱ
֮ͨУЦ̡
˸ɵĳϻЩ֮⣬ɵĳ϶ˡ
ÿÿ֮ǰʿ˶˶ǣͻͻƿ׵ߣλȨص˾ˮǴߡ
Ҷˣɹͻ˵صΪΪƽ̣ǳɹͻɽ׷׳ɾɵΪ
෴첻û̵һëǮĺô˵۽ƽ̶ˣ˸ǽ¡
֪ͻҵλ֮󣬴ǹҲһ£ǵ۶û˵Ըعˡ
ɢ֮ǵĵҵҶر̬漴ǹӦٸϴηӴ˾ͳõ޴á
õΪƽ̺ؽˣһرǵ۵һǵ۰Ϊãط˴ǹ
ĵѾﵽһ۷ľ֮ζⲻ˵ġ
ɾ͵ͷֶηˣɾɣǾҪԵ·ˡΪѾҪκηʽֶչԼʵɱһƣ޵еʵ״򲻶ơ
෴ģ绹ԼµĵӣȨƺΪˣʹøɵƽ̾ͷǸǶƷԵ
ɳһɲ䡣
ƽ̳Ϊ˾ͷˣɵλôҶԼ˾̫ϳϵλã֮е洫ӵҲô˲ͻƿɾ͵ͷʿҶҲֻƶһϵеֻйˣʵҲ࣬˵ɽֵ¼ǿɵĵִơ
˵ˣȥʣսѾȽˣټҲû塣
̷ͨӰ϶Ѿͻ˵ڰػ춴Ϊļλڴ˴׷֮Ķ࣬ͻƵļ
ƽĲһɣҪںϣܹɾΪɣ
Сɽ֮УҶԼ׽Լľ򳹵ͷ˳ʼС
Ҷȶԭأڲʱ䷨﷨ҪͻƵĲ͵ľ磬ƽΪ̫ƽ֮󣬶ҪҲһŴӦлõǿƬҶ
ҶʼնΪҪԼĵҪв򣬿ƽ̺ѼʽĹඥȻܹһʱ֮죬վǲܹõġ
֮Ҳʱ䷨򣬶ܹҶ˼·Ϳ죬Ҫ
ǻĻǾԿռΪʱΪ
ٹƴĿռ䣬ֻҪʱһͣͣռڲеĶͣе壬ͣ͸ͱ䶯
ƽ̾Сɽ֮бչʮ꣬ץʱĹ켣ɾ˵صΪ
׽򳹵˼άѾɢأͨط򣬿ռ䷨ʱ䷨Ѿ˹֮ӵתϢ˿˿ƵʱⷨʼԼʶ֮γɣԼ֮УȻɢԼȫռ䡣
ֻӵʱ䷨ԼĿռҲͲǿռ䣬ǿԳ֮Ϊλ棬˵λĳʼѡ
ʱλɣҶ۾һ
سһӴƥĿռ䣬⣬ʲϢˮһ㣬ŲϢ෨ת硣
ţҶ漴ͣʱ䷨෨ҲţһЦ
Ҷһ˫ۺȻڣƺһγɵһ㣬ʶ㱡
ʱ֮ˣӦ֮ˡ
Ҷһϥϵ˫ƽ̯֮һɫڵպڶһ㲻Ŀռ䣬߲ʰ쵣㷨תϢһɳ©һĹʱ䡣
˫ƶ֮£Źʼͣ׷תʱΪһ壬ʱ·ֿ
ʱռתѾյ쾡ˣʱռںΪһ壬Ϊﾳ磬Ҫߵ·Զһˡ
Ҷüģһͷʹ֮ӦöӦеʥ봿Ѫ໥ڣӶ಻ɾʥʱռ佻ڲ֮ܵ
Ҷ˼ȥʾ֭޷ҵĹؼڣа֮£ͷϵĿռɡһſˣͨչ˳ʣҫСɽ֮С
ٶͨжٶѾеķ򣬶һɱŷͼ̬ãⲢӰʹͨ
֮УЩѾתǷͨﶼѾʱ䷨֮Щɱŷͼ״̬ͨʱ䷨֮תȴΪѣЩѾΪ֮ͨУĽΧӵһ㡣
٣ҶȻ͵һԴȻ
ôͰѷˣǱˣѧѧȥǽĶˣҶľϲ֮Уڵͨһֶûгշͬһ㣬ûгԼôͨﰡ
뵽ȶ󶨡
ҹͨ򣬹ͨ˷ͳͳ𣡡ҶȶȻ
֮һ̲ķͼŰסˣɫĹϢЩͼĲͣת֮£ʼڻ
ʱţЩûķͼѾһӰȻĿռ֮УΪһ塣
ʱռ䣬֮Ҷһ෨Ϣʱ֮ļռʱģ
һŻɫ֮ɣŻɫ֮Լڰ׻˸֮Ҷͨ
Ȼ̧һָԱһ˶ʯͷϵ֮֮£ʯͷһ֮£Ƥ仯
һ֮£ԼĿռ֮ед֮еĽϵͨٵתһĻ֮ѸʯͷеĿռ֮ڣת֮ͽʯڲظı˹ˣʯͷýһɳ׹ָо˹
ķ򰡡Ҷ΢΢̾Ϣһ漴־ˣ˳˼֮С
ֻʯͷɷɫʯʻƣͬһ⼣߰ߵĿʯһ㡣
ϧˣҵ֮޷ﵽˮͣʯΪʯ֮ϡҶҡҡͷ漴Ͱʯͷ׵һԡ


437 ʱճϫ
Ҷɸ֮пһʱ󣬸оͷЩˣ֮ڵŴһ£ֱӾͷ˾ɸ֮С
ΪʱأʹԼ׽鲻ľңԪ񴿾ٴ֮оԼԪЩЩʧȥֻõ⾳
תһ漴ˣԼΪӰ쵽˾ҪĻָõİ취Ǻ͵˫񽻣
ǺһƬϣϴ̲
Ҷɳ̲ϣһѩ׵ĴϣȵŮΪԼŴҵĳ
ڻҶѾĶе
ҶȻеһԱߵƮ彫һݵĴߣҶҡҡͷЦص˵㴽
ȥƮ֪Ҷʲô˼ʱˣ޺޵һţô޼ɵС
ҶһЦٶˣֽ̧ӹ񱭣һƮ뻳С
ɴϴϵκ죬úܿɣܡ
ࡣҶԴ̧ͷ绨Ḷ̌Ѿβٽˣ̫ƽöˣԺͳЩʱǡ
ƮзһĨϲ漴ģѾͨɵƽˣߣ˼СŮﻹ⸣
ͨɵƽ̣һԾŶʧСŮӡҶٺһЦס°ͣһڵ˵ˣ̫ƽȻɾɣѹţҲҲģƽֻ棬Ϊξ㹻ˣʵҲ¹̫ƽʵ޿ͣŽλøҵġ
ߣǰܽƻƮ岻ɵƲ
ҶҡҡͷʵҲûʲôˣͨеĶҶѾˣͨûеĶҲˣʲôȡģʱȹһԼľ磬ҽǲһ¡
ˣ磬㻹ǵǵȥǵطƬʱճϫôƮȻʵ
ǵðҶʵôˡ

ٵػգ羪һ㣬ֱͶԶ֮С
ڷǺǳ԰ʤһ֮ҶоˬƮ漴鵽ǴʱճϫȥҶ漴Ӧ
ԴӾɴƮҲˮǴߣ۱ǣڷǺ֮ҲҪɴƮʿҲ˵˵ΪѾ˲ҶͬΪɵƽ̣˱ᡣ
οҶѾɹز˵صΪݾͬǿɼġ
ڵľҲ˲ʳڵŮӣ׵ĸЩʿһᡣ
ҶɴƮվƬʱճϫ֮Уؿš
ƬҵʱճϫɴҶһۣƮɫҲ΢΢طˡƺ˵ҶǶԵ
ЩҵʱճϫԾһƬôĻ֮أĿǷЩԴḻĴϣЩҵʱճϫû˿Ȥ
һҶΪƬʱճϫƮ㷢˹ϵ뵽ɴȻЩڻ
оŮķӦ֮ҶɵЩεӡ
ѾǺ͵ľɹòµĵУȻپʱճϫ
֮Ҷü֮кȻһɫʮǣ̧һһָ
һͶҵʱճϫ֮УʱճϫУеˮһ㣬˿֮УżӲʯʯͱʳɷ飬Ƭ֮ӿʱճϫ·һ㣬ƽ
ӿʱճϫȻƽһľڴų˵ǰһֱ͸˳ϫλá
ͬʱת˽ȥǷɳ֮ʱճϫٴλָԭĻҵ״̬֮С
Ҷһ˫۾Ѿ˽ɫʮǣصСǧ磬׵Ŀڲеʵ
Ǻ֮УĺƵʱϨ
ҶƮҲֻǽΧĵشѣڲ״һǾһЩ
ɴƮ׻ͽŮһҶϸǽƷãڵģŮʮֵá
ҶԼȴֿտգĵҪԶԶʤŮټûҲ޷ˡ
ٴԽ˵߹һСƬֻתݣסôһСƬתݡ
ɵԽһƬ֮󣬼ʱճϫ̽ȥ
𣡡ͷһһɾҵĻ˹ձһ֮£ʱ̾ͻ촷ۡ
ɱ֮г˼˱֮ͨ⣬ϡŹֵķͶʮֵĴ
ɴ̧һ£еɼͶ˺֮УϵĽһΧ֮мŵ˱Դط죬Ȼ󱻾ȡ˸ɾ
Ʈ߳һе׽ٽ⼲նžĵӿ
һ漴ͱһնѪ˿ڴһ㲻ͣ䶯ʴʹ
ͷ޵ҲǼǿģ׽ٽȻնˣȴʼղܹսɴ˿ɼͷ޵Ĳ֮жôǿˡ


438 쾧
ͷѾزˣ֪Ҷ˵Ķ֡
ҶȻһת̧һգسһСɽСȭӰХһȭͷ޵ϡ
𣡡ͷޱһȭõշ˼ҵһ˾޴ĳʹˣҶһȭײ˳ȥ
ͷʯ֮ҵشһ漴վһתȾܡ
һ㶹棬޷֮С
޷Ҷָϲһ޵Ľߣ˺ա
ͷȴΪƻѲ֮нʮСǧ֮кֽתʮȦӣת֮һټĳѨ֮ڡ
֮նᣡҶ̧ʮ£֮жȻĲתʱգڰ͵ϮʮͷޣʱͱΧõո֮УҲеı龡̣Ե쳣ĿЦ
Ҷָҵһ֮£ձʮͷ޷رԭ˶ޱȵʼСһķӡ価ӡסˣƾЩ޲ͣط˱𲽵Լ֮С
ЩȫǵصĲǵĲ֮ȴʿĲ֮ȴǿ࣬쳣ǿˣұ֮󣬻ָٶҲǼĿ죡
Щ׼ôƮĿתؿҶʵ
ߵʱ򣬻ǷŵǰɡҶûҪɱǣ˵ˣЩһϵɷ̫ˣʺϵޣˣ罫Ǽˡ
Ůʾصͬ
ƿˣҶ챬һ
ӿʱճϫͬһĻڱ׵Ľҿˣɢǰģǳһ޴˾̾׳
ѰʯϴɵģΰεĹжʮɶߣΧŶ˺ϱֵʯ֧ģȫּǾɵģЩǾʮֵȡһСܹƳΪƷıⱦɱΪĻᣬ
þ޴׳Ҷпؿ޴쾧Ǵһϸ̽аޣơ
ڹΧ಻ϣС汦뵡
Ҷ̧һ֮£һɫĹⲨѸٴ⣬еĹ컷˸ͨ͸һҲû©
Ƭ̵ĹҶ۾Ůȫǵҩ̲˺ܷḻǲͻƾãҵ֮п
˵̧꣬һУһƫ֮УȻɳʮʯĴ«Ҷ֮С
Ҷ˺«ӣӺ«浹һҩҩֳͨɫ󣬵ĺܲҩΧһŵҩһǳ㣬ɢһɿƮ
Ǵ˵е쾧Ҵʦ֮˵ֵҩɴҩվʯ̺֮˿ռ֮ҩĻ˿ռ֮ɵĵҩ󡣡
Ʈϲ㣬ǷⵤҩܹܲͻƵأ
²ܣΪҪһһġɴһ۵һ˷һȴ¸˵ɡ
šҶͷָһԶóﾲһ£˿Ҹǻ
Ůϲص˵ͷתͷɵǳ֮У׼ҩˡ
ҶһػŮߣһվ֮ǰϸشǰĹнɫתߵ˴֮Уһ޴ľҶǰ
һ޴ľ壬δʯһ㣬Ө͸ͨɢһɻƥĿռ֮ȴԼԼһӰ׷档
ж᲻ϴ칦񸫵ͶӰҶһ۾֮УȻ̧ذ쾧ϣ𽥵ڲ͸˽ȥˣʼڲĽṹ
һͷ쳣ֵι²ƬһһŨǵôɵں˯
ҶһӴ֮£ͷħѹһ㣬͵۾ֻ۾Ȼһֱգſ˫ۣҵһ
꣡
ѺۺȻ޴쾧֮гˣѺ۱֮£ͷħƵ
𣡡ͷħ֮󣬺Ȼ͵ط˳ָһһץ֮£ҶĿռؾ˺Ƭ¶ļͷޣħ漴ǰ˫צ֮£һ㣬⼸ͷ޾ͱ˺ѳƬȻͷħ漴ʹڴ¶ǣ˸Ѫ첻ֺ
ҶϸͷħĳԵòֺոڶԼռʱҶȻûиоκεķɴ˿ɼͷħȫֻƾĿռ䣡
Ҷ̳ȥ⵽ǸʲôĹﰡ
ħйһͷ֮󣬺ȻתͷҶЦһſһХҵһӿĿռ籩ҵغ˹
ãҶͷħõľȻǸոͷ޵ͨ
Ҷ漴̧һ֮£ǰռɣ̾ͽ޵Ŀռ籩˸ɾ
漴һҵس˹ȥպȻ
ͷħֲ֮£ʱһ˸ţȫƬһţ漴ĺӰ¼䣬ıըѪŽҷɡ
ħڱը˿ȴ¶һž״ľˣ˸˸ƺľ˸ݡ
žͨӨתһ쳣صΪ֮ᡣ
໣
ת֮ĹԴ֮ĹⲨѸתͷħ¸¹Цݣת֮Ȼٴ˳һȫµģˡ
ôܣҶʧɫһ
ţͷħЦһٴһ֣һͷħͨʩչ˳漴ͱҶ
һһħ֮ʣӲƴʮУҶеֵǣͷħʹõķǧеκһͨҲչͨҶǰЩͨ
Ӳƴʮ֮Ҷٴʩչ˱޺и֮Уպ裬ħи˼죬Ȼ˱Ǻݳ֮£ٴνħ˿ħЦһ漴̧ҵһ֮£еĿռ֮Ȼ۶˱ΣȻһ޾ͳ˹
Ӱ֮շ׷ױȻ˿ѷɫҶոռһޣ
ƣҶһ֮£Ҳһ˱޳˹ȥҺȻײһ¡
ԱߵС֮кǷӰɴƮͬʱˣ⶯ˡ
Ů漴ͱҶֹˣҪƷħƺĳָƵܾƷϵķҲᱻߵģ
Ǹô죿ɴɵؾ


439 Ӱӡʯ
ǿ龧ԼĹⲨϵؾۼȻʵʵ̬˽֫
ˡҶ΢ͷ
Դ֮һϹʱڵ̵̫Ӵ󣬽еôһ鲢ûʲô죬Ψһسľôһ޼᲻ݵԴ֮ôҲ޷״ݻٵĲ֮ѡ
ûȫʶҲ˵ʶȻѿ״̬
֮⣬پܹӡֵͨҶһͷ亹ոͷħ׽ٽϵͨôԼ
ûϵ˻ȥԸͷħƺô򵥵ġҶɫصסͷħԸ
ħٶȼֱ޷룬ÿҶܹ֮ƾžѸٵ׳
ӽ͸ˣҶһ˫һһãкȻ˺ڰ׹֡
ԲǧڣձҶķǿпƣΧеٶȶûⲻħţһ㡣
ҶʩչκˣƾⷽԲǧʱշ򣬻ܹġ
ôž۸ħ̡
ˣҶƺЩӡ󡣡ȻƮ˹Ҷͷϡ
ҶĿһʵţȻӡ󣿡
ǰǴ˵ʼ֮緢ӰӡʯסԼԴ˼Ƭ֮ſڵഫʯܹӡеԪķǧеķյĲǿʯưģ֪ȡ˶ɽ˵ķķ͵ϮʯҲ䷲䣬ӴԺͲ֪գʯҲû飬û뵽ھȻˡ
Ҷ˵仰ʱͿһ£ͷϵ亹ˣϣɴƮ뿪
㣬Һùһ׽ٽѾ㹻ˡɴɫأ漴ҶƮͬʱʹһɫ漴ת˳ȥˡ
Ůɳ۵ٶȷǳ죬תۼǿ֮ˣʱճϫС
Ҷͷħǧغ֮󣬱ߴˣؽͷħһƬʱշ籩֮С
Ƭʱ֮пǱȽϷƽ˾ģΧȶҲ˵ﲢûԪȹռ䣬ֻҪһ̾һǰĿռ籩
ұҶ̧һ֮£һɻķ籩һӾͽͷħУͷħ˷ŭʱշ籩֮УȴһҶСһ㱻£ƾ޷ʱշ籩
дѵҪ֪񱩵ʱշ籩ǲѷɫҶı޺и֮еģͷħʱշ籩֮б˺Ƭ
Ҷͽƻˣǻ˱ӻطֵǰӿʱշ籩֮еı֮漴ͻӱͻػӴһͨȻһ·ͳ˹ȥغͷħԶ˾롣
ҿ㻹ܹҺĵʱҶٺٹЦһתΧʱշ籩Χʱʱػӳ޵Ķռ籩ңʹòħĲ֮ڷ֮С
ռ֮ǷǳصȻΪǳǿ󣬵ҪƿأҪ֮ƣȻ󣬵ǺķѷҲǲСǵʩչ޵ĻǵҲˣǷླĸʩչķԪһķ
ҶؽסԴ֮𵴵Դ֮еĻ崲ݡ
ҶâһκȻһζ֮£漴ǧٵȭӰͬʱϣȭͷϸ˱һȭ֮£ͷħ˾޴ʹƽУȫѪ⾡ˣٴα¶ڵǿ龧塣
һҶõȫͨԴӲ˵֮ٴνףⲫʮҲֹҳ־ѷɫڱ֮ɱͨ
̾ԳԼı̬¶һ״ľˡ
ҶЦѣͷħȻӵгǿĸǱϾоԵģȫҶıеͨӡֻܹӡҶѡ
ħΪӵв֮ҾκβˣҶƲЦ㻹ǻ̫ˣʴǻۣȻǻǻ粢
ħһ㵫ɫĹĤˣһĿռ籩ͣɣƤһ㣬ɵѪ⾡ƬȻɷֽƾôɱΧĿռ籩ˡ
ͷħȡΧԪټҶԱ߲ͣƲʱշ籩߶˶ľأʹòħ
ֻʣһӰӡ쾧¶֮УΧûü漴ͱռ˿
ʯⲨ΢
ҶٺЦһֱӾͳ嵽ǰָһ֮̽¾סʯ
ٸҸưڱץ˰ɣͷħȻųƲֻ֮ḴƱ˵ѣûԪҿ㻹ܸʲôٺٺٺ٣ҶٺЦѡ
ʯϷ˾ҵضǿҵķʶһɻȻ˳תۼ䣬һٴɡ
ħؾɵҲ֪ǰ˵ĲǣŤͷ׼ˡ
ҶٺЦȻ˲ħߣ˱չ֮£һ˺̵˺𣬲ħһҵشУһ˲ķ˿ٴε¶ľ塣
ħиͨȴвҶ
ֻصֻУճҶһָסӰӡʯһݺݵعС
ü֮ȴһĨںɫĹⲨγһټɫУΪֻͨУݺݵعסӰӡʯһ飬һʱӰݺݵʯ֮Уݺݵĥ˲ħһ
ħһǿĺˣΪоԼıԴ⵽˼ҵʳ
Ҷ̧һִİ׹⹵ͨ˹ԴԴϵش棬˾Ĵָϸİߣݺݵס⾧壬ȻʼһһֵʴͨԪ鿪ʼˡ
ħ˾޴ĺˣ뵵İ׹ո漴ֱʳ
Ӱӡʯϴħŭ֮Ȼܹӡ˵ǱϾѾˣ֮ӲˡֻܳҶˡ


440 
Ҷ֮Уü֮һɫĹ߰סʯ˫֮źݣ֮ȴԼӰ
ͷųĺΧӿĿռ籩һ֮£׷׶ƽϢƽ޲ģ
˫֮ЩÿһεĹƺһֻ֮г׵ļ
ʱ䲻֪˶ãҶ͵һĲƣҰǰһƵӰڴӰӡʯ֮иȡ˳ˡ
ȡĺðҶͷ΢΢˺ˮϢһĨ˶ͷϵĺˮüһ㶹ľ˳ʯ֮С
ֳһԪһռȵʡʯ֮ٵʲô۶ȻĻԼ鷳ɾҪˡ
Ԫոһʯ֮УȻоǰһ㱣Լ·һǳ統С
ƴĵλ֮УȴһŻɫγУݣԵλãɢ߲ʺ⣬Щ߲ʺΧλãȴɢĽɫĹߡ
Ҷϸظһ£֮Уƺ̲ϵķ򣬶ңЩòҪԼķӵĴ⡣
ˣȷȥԺ˵ˡҶ룬еʯתͳʱշ籩ıԵشȥˡ
ȻߵʱҶҲûǷһԼ˱ɫ쾧ⶼѹ˸顣
ɵʱշ籩ıԵɴƮڽתҶ˳һӭ˹
ⲻôҶЦЦסŮϸ֫Ǽġ
ǡɴصҶҲ֪ΪʲôкȻоЩԾʦˡ
ĸҶȵص
ƮҲͷţҶɣҲָооʦˡ
ðɡҶͷϳԶŮڽУϻȥǲҪ׵ĳս𣿡
ɴ˵ͷ漴е׽ٽݸҶ

ڴʱ˿̣Ǻ֮е̫ɸչһĶ񶷡
һŹĺЩʵİΧ֮£ݣɸİ֮Ѿӵ˼ޣԲǧھһƬֲָڡ
ֻĸ춴йȥе춴̲˻ƥ֮纣һ춴ȴǽС࣬ŰɸİĻȴ˶񶷳һš
ΧɹõĵоȻλʣ
λ춴֣ƺΧеĹ߶ڰĻΧʮ˸ߴĺӰΧһ㣬һĴ󣬽ɸİ֮ظѹסˡ
ʮ˸壬ҲѾ˵صΪǵķϳһ壬еĶͣĥŰɸ֮зİ֮֮ѹƵ͵ľء
ɸֶξǰ֮ѾӽؼĺڰԴ֮һͷų֮󣬾ɾ֣ежᱻ׵סˡ
춴ȴ쳣ļ黫ʮ˸ʹһ񣬱鲼գһһ㣬ֻҪɹһ֮£ܹ֪̾ȻѸٳ
˴ι޴ȻʧˣܹյҲˡΧԵشһʿڵ
һ͵Ϯ֮£ͷʺȻҽһȫۼ׵ķ϶֮ҵ籡׵⻡γɵĵڵһɲǼͱױ飬Ȼ˸ɾ
ϵĻˮɫĹ⻡֮£žĽ졣
ʱ˿̣Ҷչֳͨڣӵɽ׵İֱͨѾһҵľأһ֮£̾һʱ׵еķȻر׻Ȼɵˡ
ҶĶεͨ׻ͽ͵Ϯ޵еת֮ͷУҽűеķ
ʮʹô£ôûάס󣡡ͷں;ɹöŵתͷŭ
Ҷ˲תƵͷıһݺͱĺ
ͷʱһ֮£ʱȻ˾춯صŭ
׶ʱѿһӨ׹ⲻͣ䶯ţʼ˳˿ڿʼɢһ˵׻ͣش˿зɳȻ󱻽ɵˡ
ͷ춴͵һкȻһѩĵ
ɫĵһʱһŴ糵ֵĹֵΧһϨΧİȻ׷׶˿
񵶣
ҶһȻնƽ̵Ĺ񵶣Ȼ
ͷʷһߵԼ˿֮ϢĹ֮ʱѹס׻ͽϵ׻ͷתۼ˸ɾˣȻַ̧һ͵˰ɸ漴ʹס˿ڣתͷŭ֮£Ҷٴη˹৽ĺϡ
ȥͷһ̧ҵһӣһǧɵ׵Ҷ͵˹ڰ֮֮мٵشţҶ˹
Ҷе׻ͽٻ֮£ɫĽ뵶ҽӲؽ赲һ衣
ͬƣҶкȻɳһĹâݵĵһϢˣһĹⲨѸӹˡ
ִĵۿҪҶϣȻͣȴǿʼٵŤҶָһ̽ݺݵסѾͬ˵ĵѾѵˡ
ĺãɹöʱϲɸ͵ط˹ȥһѾͽͷʸסɫذ
ҵİʸѾֲ֧סˣķ̫ǿԱߵİɸе
ĸܲܽҿϵķӡҶеɽ׷Ըǣ
ãɹ͵һҧںȻɳķһǿɢ˿
жȻһ˶ޱȵۣɽ׷
ɸ֮Ȼɳ޴ӰǱסλ
ɹãΪ㻹λʵĶôɸǾЦˣλȻصֵЦҪֵĵڣȻоΧ쳣ʱʧɫ
¡һڴС׺ݺݵǵϣλҽһټһը˰ߣҽ
񵶾ҵšҶһҧƾͨǿѹһݺݵס
꣡׶ʱ˴룬ȴǷ˱ŭ֮ȻǱٵĲᡣ
ֻصҶָһ̽һڵͷˣһ㱣ٿȻ˼ֻ֮ˡ
׻ǣɹһŭ⣬е׽ٽʮȦµȻһŤȻײ˹ȥ
ʴʧɫֲ֮£һը˸ͷöʱŭ
һת֮£漴ָ˹ŭžɹá


441 
ɹú̫ƽһս֮УѾǳԵˣλǰǾ޶꣬еĻ㹻ˣƽҶĴ˷ʱ򣬾ѾͻɵΪˣ֮ͨĵܹӡסڵķɢ׽١
ϴƽϴٵʱ򣬾ѾʼζԸķҪ׽Ը壬ŶתƴʱѾгһΣȻֱƽ̼ƣȴгʩչҳ׶ɹ׽١
ɹ׽֮ƽֽ̣תƴһظƣ׽֮ǣԸ壡
ɹת˶תƴȻѾƴ֮ˣټҶе׻ͽǣ֮һ׽ٱǣ˹ʱըͷʼɹ
Ҷͷϵ˳֮£عס˹񵶣Ҷ˫иһŽɫĹһŽӲӵĽصס˹񵶣һһ͸˽ȥ
񵶷ҵϷ˵Хƺڷŭš
ȻҶȡλʲȻŭתһڷ糯Ҷͳ˹
֮շɹúȻ߳һ˫Ҳ˸һŲõĽԡ
춴ΪʩչҶҪӴĶˡ
һɫ֮˸ɳȻתλʸعסˣɫһסǣһǹͨͷϵ׽֮һ׽֮ǣ֮£ͷʶסˡ
ɹõȻܹһλƶ֣ͷʵķʵ̫ߣѾ춴ΪλķǱλ춴˵ֱֽͬһ㣬Ƹãһ֮½ҿķӡ׽٣ԲǧڵĿռ䶼ѾʱԵһλ򣬶תΪ׽֮Ŀơ
ͷӸסһ㣬ӵһͷȴǣ˾ɹõе׻ͽϣƾͷƴ޷ѣ׻ͽ֮£һһŵҵسλʺͷ׽֮ס˵ʹ֣ȫ̵ðһһĵ
ѾסˣһɫĹŲͣŤתţƺϳͬƴغ
ҶȻоһͷΣ˼΢΢һ£һݣ漴˹ԼĵʵЩ̫ˣѾԪ
ѪֻҶ֪Ĺͷˣڳһһȭ͵شԼؿϣſ³һͷѪӰӡʯȻ˳ˣʯݺݵش˵档
һɫֻӰӡʯɳ⵶һСŵԪ֮棬ɫĹⲨعסԪ֮һһؿʼĥ
֮⹥ֻ֮㣬һӰڱǣ˳
񵶵鷢˾һɫӰ͵ط˳ವһ¾ͱֻ֮У˸顣
Ҷû˵ӶеĹ񵶣һǧɵĹâӭɷףȻȫԸתֻصľͨ
ڣϵһ˿ʶˣһڵ߳΢΢ĵһϸ緢˿ĹߣŲϢĹһ㡣
֮ɣҶһȣٴ³һͷѪһ㾫⽥ɣɣ
ˣ͵رһɫĹһ£ķΧɢ˲١
ɽ׷һΪһ뱻ɹǣ֮£ͷӲ£һǱ׽ٽͨǣͷʵˡ
ҶԱ߱׽ٰסʣһйһ֮£ʮͬʱ˹ȥ̾ͱҶն֧飬汻ڵͷʷزҽ⼸ָʮ飬ҵϨĹǲͣڵľһЩƬŵ˸˳ȥˡ
Ҷеһ֮£ͷڵѾӲ˳ͷʷ˾춯صŭΧѾǣ׽֮һ¼ѹ֨һͷʱͳ촷ۣ˿
һͷʲû֪ԼͬѾ˶֣Ҷӵ編ƣһɱˡ
ͷʣһͷɸѹͷѾ𣬾ɹڳ׷׼ȫɽˡ
̣̣׻ͽŭָȻһҡ֮£׻ͽȻ仯ŤٿȻ׻
׻ͽϷ˵Х׻͵
Щޣɽ׷ʱѪһ㣬͵ſѪһھ˺һ
һӵϣſɸݡ
ҲһټĻ춴ͣؼȡɽ֮ƾ֮ԼĻ춴硣
ɸ֮ȴɳʮɫĴ֣춴ϳһţɸ֮ȴǴͷѾƲزҺ
һϽɫĻɸŴ֮ɳնʴһټĿ
֮編֮ɣ
֮羧ڣ֮
ɹվɸϿλãָ̧գһɹϽɫĻ治ͣȼա
žѵһź֮£ڣ羧ڽΣһϷѪһ㣬ʱҲʼˡ
ϧڽȴǰȻһҶһ½棬΢΢һѾת쳣
ѿվڵϣһ£ҫŷ˼
ֻ־Ϊǿҡɸص
ٵļһɹɫƣݺݵذһۡ
ԴӺദѲ֪춷˶ٴˣһһ֮һദǢ
ɹ̧һ֮£Ǳ׻ͽ˲ƮɵҶ֮Уɢņ׻Ⲩ׻֮վˡ
񾭹ɹõһٺ׻ͽƷȴǸһѾ˳ɵˡ
˴ͷˡɹ̾ϢѾ֮һҲ㲻ʲôˡûҲá
漴̧һɸɳĵӰĸŮɴƮ塣
ոŮѾǱ˰ɸ֮УתȫķѹͷҪȻĻɸҲסͷʡ
ѾǵأСҲѾǵһأɴƮȴѾǲ֮Ϊˡ
Ů֮һ˵ҶĻס
˺ˣûˡҶһ


442 ʥı
ɹó׶׽٣ҪĶԸЩ壬νɵ쳣ѣƣȫѾ˼㡣
ɲƽǰ㣬ɽٵʱһȺڻݣܹȫȫضɽ١
ͬǶɽ٣զôأ
ɹ÷޷޵ţһɵ˻춴֮е෨ֻǱʱƽѣûб׵˵ӵ£صԼ֮С
ɸ֮беͷʣѱҶͳڵ龧ȻֻصͨסԪÿնҪʹеķʣĥʹ֣ͷʺôҲǵصĸˣǷŵ˼֮УҲǾİҶУǰڷϵһͷѣһͷ
ɹһ֮У̾ʹӻȡһֻƤ«˼ıĵҩԶһȥͬʱһȶһš
ҶֳŹվڵ⣬Ϊš
ɸζһ£ӰӿƮĸŮɫ԰ףȻķ˲ٵķ
Ӱݼʦ塣ɴƮ幪ҶҲ˸
ؿˡ
տҶߵĶŮһۣ̾ϢɴƮ˸÷
ֶ֮ʣҪ֪ҲֻǵصΪѣԼŮſͻһأɴƮ嶼Ѿǵز֮ɴΪȸǿͻƵأѾ𽥸ˡ
뵽ҲȻЩƽΪʲôҪ̫ɸ
ĸŮǸǿӣǿʤ֮ͻ˾ĶԼŮΪΪбȲɴƮ壬Űǿ֮ģһͻ˵ͷľء
֮󣬳ҪԼĵ֮⣬ҪԼľľһȱ˶оͻˡ
ԲҪ֮УڴɷΧѬպϸŹƶ£ԾԼԭ֮һͬʱҲžһЩ˼ֶβ
ɴƮ΢΢κ죬ԱߵҶһۣзһ΢΢
̫ɸԺ֮С
Ľʦ㣬һõĵ£ʲôˣˡС˲ɵ㬵ص
ȻתʧЦСӣˣ
ĸףȡЦŮˡС
СˣҲˣ㻹һɵĵһʦЦʼɲûйϵǲҪӰ쵽ԼģҪΪеĶ
СĬȻƬ̵ĸ׽ѵǣʦƫλʦ㡣
յɴӺݴƽ֮ţƮָãƫģ˶˽ĵģҲ޿ɺǣٹգ֮ȥָһɣСˣɴƮĶϵҶϣʦֲ̫£ҪִôһɣûӦֶκͳɼǲеġ
С˵ͷţĸ׽ѵǣŮˡ
Ҷ̫ɸ֮кλС֮󣬼ɹõΪȻȶת׼ص֮ȥеĳϸ֪ϲѶ
еʱҶ뽫׻ͽ͹ŮģɴƮȴͬ⣬ֻҶһɣҶ˼ȥ֮£ֻܽ׻ͽ˶ŮԼǱ˹񵶡
Ѿӳ˯ѹٻͺԷҲҶ̫ɸ֮УѲΪ
ҶȻԴ˺ݣǶԴԼˣǺܿݵģٻһֱʦѵݣôҲǲˡ
Լûмȫ̫ӣһʱ仹ûгգûŮ
ʧ֮壬λ춴ʷɹʧܸպΪٳ׻һľˣֻһɴ쳣ȫûʮǰǰˣȫصߵ˹ʿǶһƻƻ֣ʿǱһͷͷƾץ
ʶҪɨĴθˣֻ˻Լ֮С
ǧ֮УεռԴλӵһ磬Ҵ֮гɣͻϽеԴ֮УǷɽ硣
ȻѾ׵ȴˣЩһʼɾûսʱˣ˵ʿǵ̰֮ġ
ʼʥȻƾն˽ľȴԶնʿǵ̰֮ģΪϵı⣬ǵʿǿʼо˸רĵҩȵȵȣÿʿǶԼ侪˵ĿʧʧķȴǲԶˡ
еʿѾ׹̰֮ģһΧؾ֮أ۾ϣܹһƱ
ϧǵ뷨ȻǺõģȴѾûˣȻ࣬ҲܲסΧһһڵͿУƤͷ˺һ飬ִ޴֮ȴֻʣ֮һˣҰȺŹ޽ʿǣǿҲֻܸ׳Ƴˡ
ЩһǶѾγרɱ֯
ʼʥܹ뵽ֻ¾ǴҲնǿ֮ˡ
Ŵɴ˴ζѾԵˣ֮洫Ӻ͵ľͷˢˢðһ硣Щƽ̾ͷЦļϲ£ˡ
ֵɾɣһ貶ĿĽǣڸǵеĹˣ쳹׵군ˡ
Ѿư磬ľŴɣûһԸȥƺƴˡ
Ҷʼնһûн⿪ʼʥΪʲôҪôôڣ
УоƺЩп϶дı
ԯӡŴһ߷ɱһŤͷʵôˣ᲻ٻͺԷˣ
ҶЦһЦҲֻԼͲ˱С˰ɣٻͱ޴־̫ɸǱҲãǵط˵ġ
˵ҲˡԯӡٺٹЦһ
֨սȻܵһɾ޴ͻķĥ֮£ĦһĻˡ
֮кȻһ˶Ļ춴εסҶ
ãȻǻ춴ǿߣ
Ҷ͵شӳվеĹһ֮£ĹӰһֻ͵ضֻ֡
¡
춴̽ľһƾͰָֻķ˳ȥ𵴵Ҷй˵ֻҲһ׻ˣĵӾϽ׷֮£ʱһӾͽ˿
ҶԷɱ㣬ҲܹĿˡдһᵭˡ
춴֮жȻʦӰһ˫޸۾ע
Ŷ벻ôһСȻҲܹõʦʵ֮ҶɫƽʦѾӦҼŵŭˡ
ޱؿûѾǲɱ⣬Ҷȴף
ƨ
쾹Ȼ˴ֿڣвȻŭɫ춴֮һӿķ籩


443 
أһɻɫĿ쭹ιգΧʱһƬ粻ĹɫļҪˮһ㡣
ɫ˼㡣
ҶıŭӶֻЦʦΪԭôǺǣΪʲôȥԴأԷȥĻܹˣûԭʵ϶ѡ
֮ͽҸˣƤĻᡣѹŭص
Ȼû˵ˣҲͲˡҶЦصʵһ֮ǸɲʲôģؼĻɵЩ¡˼ң޴ˡ
ҿ˴֮£ŭ뷢ᱩ춴һɺƴҵس˹
ҶȻһΣйһһˮɫƥķƿˡ
ܼ򵥣Ҽƽ̴Ҳ˵ôҲһϴɣҶЦһϷˣ죬һߺٺٹЦ
Ļ춴֮бը֮£ƥʱ𵴵΢΢һϡ
ƣҶкȻһɫľ޸ɫĸУѭԼĸոҵͨһ˹ȥ
¡
ͨһӾͱˣҶһչ˲Ϣ֮ʹг˳ȥһǿ⡣
թĳСӣ쳹ױŭˣһת֮漴͵س嵽֮УյӰա
ҶѾϵˣǲߵģ϶Ѿ׼·ˣȥԼҵƽѵ·˷ȻԷķ˳ȥֻҪܵ˴ǹ֮Уһǰȫġ
һжʱΪʧ㣬ŭ֮£һ٣͵׷˹ȥ
ǿ֮в޴֮УҪû춴ʵҪѰʮҲֹˣҶȴͨĻ֣һ˳֮£Լʤһ֣һݷݵǿԼʵȡʤ֮
һʤʹĵ˲ˡ
ϧһдԼʤ㣬Լ硣
Ҷԯӡһ·쭷ǿ֮ˣһ޴Ļ춴ڷ׷
ž޴Ļ춴֮ǿʯһӿſˣһЩϸСʯȻ˲ѹ촷ۡ
ҶתۼѾСʯ֮⡣
ȻȴˣҲûдڵˡ
һƬʯ֮ħµģΪѾȴˣڻѾûʿˣ󻹶ִڣħеʿǶóĽƺ󷨡
ħڻϣЩܹõãһײ֮С
ҶκħڴĿ׵ع۲еͼвõĻѾָơ
ϸɨһħµ󷨺ͽƾȻţһ
ħöµʯ֮л߰ʹĿӵķŸ޷ѰҵħеʿȴµԭʼķǣֻҪ˱ǵʯʹ渽ΣڣֻҪܿĻͲ塣
ҶһŤ֮£һͼ֮Уɨһ֮£漴͵һĻһзŵõʯųĻ춴ײ˹ȥ
ը죬ʯ֮кȻһټͼˣϸĴָİ׹Ǽ͵׻𶾻𣬱һ˴ֲ졣
ŭһĻ춴ת֮£̧һ˦֮£ռ֮𵴣һ¾ͽЩ׹Ǽ꾡𵴳˷ĩЩ׹Ǽϸ˴Ķ䣬ŪʹŪŭݡ
϶Ȼͨٺ١ҶһЦȻ漴ֱ̧סһʯ͵һ˦
漴̧һָȻдѪӱӿˡ
ŭХһ֮£̧͵һָʯҲȻըˣһȴǲͬˣȳѪȻӿ˳ˣֻһ޴ѪӴӿ£ͬˮ̶ѪɫٲһԶ͵عĻ춴֮С
ת˲֮䣬Ļ춴֮йȳħѪһʱ춴֮УѬ죬ŻĻ춴֮дƬƬıۻ࣬Ȼֱʴ
Ɒ޳ܵС챩ŭҲɱĲΪˣ
㱾ͲˡҶЦؿ϶Ǳģ
ħħѪۼɱǱȲñи֮ͨħѪȴʮֵĴݣѰƷֻҪմȾᱻڻ飬ħķתʹһնħǺý࣬ۻ಻ħѪմԼǧ۶ɵĻ춴磿
Щר֮Щʾͷģصʮ֮Ϊһʱ֮侹Ȼûп
ɵһɣƽýྻܹۻ಻ħѪմȾ
Ǵ˿ҪܣȴѾˣöʯһը֮±֮£ƺƵѪͬըѵƤһתۼ䣬ŨħѪݺݹ춴ˡ
һʱ֮䣬Ļ춴֮гŨǵѪϢĻ춴֮УȻȼ˳ҳİɫ棬ЩѪɫٻ˸ɾˡ
Ѫˮһ֮֯£̵Ľ졣
Ϊ춴ΪľͷռȫĽ֮¾һ춴ڱ֮йۻ಻ħѪŭ
һֱݵɫױˣͶ˺˵ɱˣҶǺͣϢתҵش߶һʯٴγݺݵײ˹
ɱǧСҧгݣķҪ͸ǼƽƷģǽգˣ
һ˲䱩Ƕ˾⣡ǰ͵̤һʱתϢӿʱճϫſ
ֻٴ


444 ʥ
һͷϺȻһȭͷСĻУǰ͵һ̤˫Ȼһ֮£һֻ״ĹⲨɢ˿
һŻɫĹⲨԼֻУеıԵȴֳ˻
һľɱУǰΧʱƾɨ壬˰춴ʣպա
ûܵҶʧɫ߶ʮʯײ
춴޵ߺͻ춴ʵսȫͬն⣬˵Ѿӽɽ籾Դ֮ټطٶѸƥٶȿˣɱϾͲͨˣ޴еͷһǴ񾳿ʼһ·ǧɱͷģֶη࣬ͻƥ
ۼսԶԶȲʿ
ȻºͿսƽ̶޲ѵġ
ЩʯⲨһײ֮¶ʱ촷ۣͬħҲֻ˸¾;ɢ˿
칦ǣҶһкȻһɫ޸һͷǣֽɫⲨ˸֮£һǣ֮£ΧʯķһУݺݵسײ˹
Ҷֻǣֺ̧ݺݵһץ֮£ֻٴһӴ֮£ʱͽֻ֮˴롣
ֻ֮մҶһսԯӡ˻һ磬һɲǼ䣬쭳
ԯӡҶٶϣһһô򵥡
СܣӵıϷջȥˣѪʥ̽񽣣
̧һ֮£ĹߺȻβݡ
̧һָ֮£жȻһ˶ޱȵļ̳پ壬ҹϢȻһⶼʾ壡
ҶӶҪ͹ˣϾǵľͷֶϵ˵л컯ɳأѰı˵춴ΪʣΪҲһĶ֡
ɫ˫һģЩϺȻȼܵϽɫĻ棬ֱӷ֮УĻƺ֮ͨеһɺƴһ㡣
һף˫ֽӶ֮£һĺƴ˼ά𲽴Ͻ֮еĳһռ֮С
üһȻʥҶаԾ϶㲻Ը壬ȴԸңԴˮˣǱ¿ˣ
ҶƿڴһתҪܵĵڣȻоһֻεضסԼ
Լεס֮󣬾ȻǱ޿ɱܣ޿ˡ
ʥŷҶİƽ߹֮ͨҲŴͨɽ繩ƷͨϽ֮еƷͶӰɾĸҲܹһɱ
ɽ֮޼Щ֮жӵ編ƥʵ磬ҪƷȴǧѣ˿ؾ¾Ȼ֮ҪľǼƷá
ֻҪЩƷܹͶӰ
ͨɣɶŵͬҲİֻʥһҪļƷǶţëּķʽͿһڲеĿԴˡ
̽񽣶ɽ֮еϴ޵УǽµͶӰȴҲѾԽΪ˸ػɱ
ô˵Ҳһػ춴Ϊľˣټ֮е컯ɳҪ׽һЩʾ廹׾ٵ飬ֵʱ漴óܵǿգؾ֮أ˽壬֮ͨеƽ̣Ҳ˽ߵսʿΪʥ
һΣҲǱҶ̫ˣƹˤػȥˡ
ٴ̽ͶӰҵؽһ𣬳Ҷҵײ˹
֮У·һӾͶһ㣬ҶؿһŵķһͶӰռ̳Ͽճ֣ŻԵϢݺݵײ˹
ͶӰͬСɣδڣķѾеλˡ
ҶһɲǼ䣬оѹסȫÿһĽ䡣
Ȼһ֣ѾͷˣȻᵲҶǰǰ
ӭһ
һƽƽ̻ȶϵػ̼̳֮ң̳ڿؼҡ
ͬʱصغˡ
֮ףƣ
ϵȻɳɸߴͷ­СɽСſһ磬һżʹⲨպݺݵغ̽񽣽
̽񽣵Ӱҡһ£·Ǳѹ֮µĲһ㣬ѺԽۼϷž쵽˽λã֮бķɻΧŤĲƺۼˡҶƺһѪ
İ׹ݣըѳһŵİ׹档
ϵķϵ෨ҵؽѹͣձĻȻ飬һƬһƬĿռ価˿
Ļ춴Щҵһѹ֮£Ҳƺŵ˲ֹ
ҶͷϵϷ˿ֵ֨֨Ӱһһ֮з¡¡
¡氤صһ֮£˾ҵȴû˿ۼ
ײʱ򣬲ĲҶˣҶ͵³һѪ


445 ӳ
Сܹҵʥ֪ܹܲסϷСƿֻأȻХһٴȼۻĻ棬̧һ֮£ʩչٴݺݵغҶһ
ৣҶּӰӡʯˮɫʯҫһɫĽӡ𵴳֮৵һɫĽ⳯иȥ
ž˿ҶеҲ𵴳˷顣
ͬʱź˶ǧ֮Զ³һѪ
ҶϢţһݺݵض죬ʱ˿ȫ³ѺۣĴһ㣬û˿ѪʶɫĹȴͷ­ΪģͣɢתϢȫתݡ
һɫ⻷ͷţͣ壬ڻ֮ؿʼϻָ˹
Ҷڵռ伸Ѿ׵֧ˣڵȴάסԼĿռƬеĿռƬ׵£һ𣬲ھ鿪˵ͨҲ׵λãʼһһ޸е˺
ʱ˿ɫҲǼѿ˼㣬ոֵһѾĻ춴ܵһ𵴣Щħ֮еѪǸʴڵķʹȫʹ಻ǧֻҧһʹ
ʱ˿̣ıȻϢطһɫľݳƿգһնı
꣡
С쾪ŭ
챳·ĺֲ֮£Ҷһ˸ģռȴǳֳһƬ֧ģ·µĲһ㣬͵Ϯһ֧飬͵ر˾һʹתͷŭӡ
һ֮漴ವһ¾תصһԣҶͷϵ׻ͽͬʱҵسɱ˹
ЯһƬ׻ǱشҶ͹֮һ·ţһ·Ѫˡ
ϻһɹĵǱ׻ͽնµ˿ڡ
ҶȻ׻ͽŻȴӰӡʯĽи
û뵽û뵽Գֽ֮оޱȱͳ裡
ΪһصľͷϮҶѾǺò¶ľģȴҶһ·׷ɱ˹
״ʵо޷ܵĳ裡
ȭҶһȣһȭңңػ˹
һ֪жĽػգгһټȭӰһȭ֮ľͨҺ
ԸֻصŴͨϳһ𣬳ɾһžȭ
¡ӲһȭȻеǰһģ㱣ţԼĻ춴翪ʼѺۣ
Ҷ˹ȻּһɫɫľʯһŻɫйⲨ
ȻԼٴ
թ޳ܵСʱףۿŻɫĹⲨѾ˹Ȼһ̧͵һ֮£յʯ˻ı죬ըѶ촷ۣ˻ɫС
ɫĹⲨͬʱѹһ
¡һƬɫɢ˿֮ΧеʯѾ˸ɾ
ŭеĶеķΧջ羡ſʱǿ֮оȻÿտҲһӰûˡ
ҶܵӰˣʶԼϵˣϵòᡣ
һƬɽ֮£деĲľȻ
кȻѿһۼһӰ̤˳ռҼѹ֮£ʱΧȺɽˡ
ȣȣҶҵؿ˼ȳ˲Ѫˡ
ڵĿռʱ䷨ܵĴ֮£˼䲻ȶ״̬вٶѾѺ۵ģ
ĵƬ֮УشŴڵԴ֮ȴ֮УѸپֲе
ϵ൤ҩ봿ʥˮѾٻͺԷҲѾ˾ɸ֮гΪ˻
ǺϻĴڣټǿԴ֮ãڹؼʱؽסԼĿռ䷨ʱ䷨ʹԼķжסˡ
ҶĬȻ˵ϣתͷϳһڶһһͣ¾һ㡣
ɵͨʩչ˳ˣΧһ⣬޾ӿڣͨ𲽵ڵѺ˽ɫĽȫµѺ۾
û°ɣڿռ֮дˡ
áûҶζһǰԼڵ綼޸ˣĵҩҲ˸ɾ
ĻҲֻƾԼıķȥӲˣڵ׽ٽתһĵҲǷǳġ
˷бҪҶлǴ㽫Ʒʱ׼ˡ
üԭأȴĻָ
Ҳûջ񣬱˵ǰѸлõǿƬڱͶӰеһ˲䣬ȡһ֣漴ַ͵ԼڣʹԼĿռȻܵ˾޴ĳȴǳױסˡ
һԴ֮Լ֮УζԼӵȹ
ˣһĲĲԽɱʮˡ
Լͻɾа
ҶɬһЦ³һѪмŨŨĿռƬ
תһﻷ
ʲôط


 ֱ


446 
ҶոǻŲ·֮£һ·ȾܣĶƵԯӡٶȣһ֮ͨ£Լ֪ܳ
Ҵʱ˿̣ԼȫķȻľռ֮ҲѺۣ类شմһ㡣
ЩѺۣһɫĽ˸ţȻػţҶ𽥵ظоڵѵĿռ佥رһ𲽱ŵϻָеѺۡ
ͶӰһö൱ȫҵһ˵ҶǸССĵصΪˣǵصɣôһ֮£Ҳᱻһɱʣ
һб׼ԸģǱҶһͨǰ޹˺ߵһͨ޴֮ΪѸپ͸ӦǱ漴Ҳƹˤʩչ˳ţɱֻС
û͹񵶵ĻҶ϶ѾǵˣҶĿռܵನĳ֮£ʱҲ˲٣Щ˿
Ҷƾ˵ͨǿס˼Ŀռ䣬˳
ܵģȶ֮Ҷֻ˳ѵĿռ϶֮пкָֹоʵȫ
ϸɨһ¿棬֮еĵҩɨɨͳͳȥһֽСĿռѺѾָһֽϴѺҲѾֲ˴룬žǵվ
ҶʩչԼȫȡؾָԼƣתһ֮£Լȫʩչ򣬿϶Щǿʿǵע⡣뻹ˡ
һƬ֮ΪïܣŲ֮·裬һƬȻԵõԴ
ԶĲԭϣϢһȺһȺţ¹һѱؿŵϵʵĲݸѿЩ¹Ѫʢǿһ˫ɢű˵ľâ
Ҷ΢΢ЩֵĹ¹ȻӵʥΪ
ͬʱкȻһɽ
໣֮һͷξ޴Ŵӵϳ˳޴ƥİһ֮£һɫĹⲨɢ˿ԭҰϺȻһǽȻѸټѹ˹
Щʳݶը˹һ㣬ڿһԾ֮¾֮ߣת֮ͳ
ǲʳǵȴǵ֮ǵʵǳǿ
ͷܶû˵ſѪһҵ֮£ϹһϱܵЩʳݵĶǣһⷢ˱ҵͷܸľ޿֮С
ͷܻζһ´ŶԴ˾׽ˡ
أͷƺᵽʲôһ֮£һɫŨڣٵҶϿգһ˫׾кֱȶŵҶ
໣ͷܾһ˹ɽһƹĶһǿҵ쭷糯Ҷ˹
֪ĺҶ̧һһֻɫֺȻɳͷܾѾһط࣬漴ڿнֶ˼Ȧ֮ವһ¾Ͷ֮ȥˡ
ԶԶػͷܾˡ
㻹ôҶͷ˵ıܣһ·˻ȥ
ͷܾŽŲſĺˮϵƿʼһһεػָ
ˮֳɫɢһɹ쳣ƴյϢ֮Ŀ̩ͨƥ
ҶˮʵϤˣ˶ˮȴϴ衣
ҶҲǸı˼룬ˮɱˡ
ˣﾹһӣܹһˡҶ̧һѣ֮ˣӦĴ֮֮жʱϲ
ɿؾѵ·תȻͻӣȫеë׶ſˣʼڴڵĴʥˮ
ȵĴ֮ë֮нڵۻ֮ϴ˳ȫ̩ͨ͸ӵˬ
Ҷ˫ֽ˷ӡ֮£ڿռ֮Уɫ˿֮мһһŽ׺ĹڵĿռѷ֮вͣعš
ʱƣҶоڵĿռѾ޸ˣܵͶӰĺ֮һٲֵƬ֮ѾĿռ֮УʹĿռƺøӼ
˵ǰĿռǲģ񾭹֮ں֮ĿռȴѾһͣ෨ػ֮£ȴܹжܹסǿĴˡ
Ҷ۾ĬȻţռ֮ľ
ڵĿռ֮УǿƬȻڵתݣܵǿһħȴѾ״ˣΪСƬȴûܵκε˺ֻǱܵһٲֶѡ
ֻҪܹͨ͸أԼҲܺܿͻλͽˣǻ춴ɵΪԼʿ϶Ҫƽ̸ǿ
ҶһֱҰĲġ
֪֮УҶȻûз֣֮µӽɺ
ҵʥˮʿȻ͵ҵʥˮһˡ
ֵϿ֮кȻһŭһɹĻ֮Ѿˣһͷ˶ѤƥķĴųƮƮĻ֮ΧƤͬϵҶݸ֮ľ˿˻ҽ
Ҷ̧һ֮£ʩչˮͨˣͷϺȻһټˮĻϷֵءסЩʴա
ͷϵķٴһĳХĻʮ
ͷͨķͷȴǳһط࣬һͨŮӣü续磬ŭĿӡ
ĴʥˮҶ̧һӣŷѾ֮ˡ
⻹˵Ǻò״ǿյ֮мȡģȴ㶼ùˣ
ͷ˲Ȼŭֽ̧Ӷ֮£ʮŻǶ䵽Ҷ֮УƾĻͣһ̲
ŽɫĻ֮ȴ¡¡һɫҳҴ
ҶɫŽɫĻȻѾס
̧һָһֵס׻𣬻ת֮£תۼͽ׸˵ˡ
ͷ˶ʱɵˡ
ذ׳һſںȻһɫĻǴĿ³
ϺɫĻǣоСȴƻһģ壬˻һ֮£Χһ㵱ջ˿ʴһټĿˡ
ǡҶʱһ
ҵײɫĻ֮Уɱ֮ѩͶ˺¯֮һ㣬ת֮̾ͱڻˡ
Ļ棬һ֮£Ҷһ
б仯ԪҶһХеʹͨͳͳʩչ˳ǱɫĻͷһ֮£ͨķʱ˿


447 ˻
һ㶹Ļ棬һ·ƽ֮£һ㣬ػ籩֮£Ҷ෨˸ɸɾ
ʶоеһż亱׾֮Сģ
ֻأ͵컻գҶͷϵľ֮жȻһɫĹߣݺݵ׾Ļо֮С
׾ͷ˸ڸ֮ãոһ㱾ܵʶֵܹסҶֻͨʴʱ֮С
һٿȻŻ֮з˳ڿдƬ̣漴ɢ֮С
飡Ҷǿ֮ʹüٿȻɳһɫĹⲨػ档
漴ͱҶͨ˵ĸɾҽسɾҶˡ
Ҷ̧һգ׾Ѿ֮ˣһһµţƺԽһ㡣
ʧȥŻ棬ͷ˾ѾΪˡ
ͷȻ֪س˹չ֮£һɹ͵˼Ļ
ѹҶ۾Ȼһ̧һָ
ͷΧĿռ価ѹסˣͷ˷·𱻰һƿ֮һ㣬ͷûͷĲӰһҳײײϡ
ſҵ壡ȻĻҼ֪ˣһŹ㣡ͷط˼Ľˡ
Ȼܹ˵ˣҶŵؿ
ϻҵȻܹ˵ˣͷ˷ŭؼеҪôСǷˣΪֻ鳤
Һԩ޳ΪʲôҪңҶڵ
ȫëըˣߵصΪ˻ָʵΪʲôҪƻҵĵط֪֪׼ҪεģӣֻҪӳǧܹΣ㶮
ҶãȻˡҶҪλ򵥣ҰˣʥˮҲ㲻ʲôһöҾͲˡ
һ漴ͷðɣöҲֵǮҪⶫΣŲںأôһΣƭң
ݵСŮߺߵؿҶ֮˸žĹâˡ
Ҷ˿Ƿ㣬Ѿܹ칦֮ɱˣֻֽɾķʽԸˡ
ҶһЦָ֮кȻһŻ̺ǿĻ֮ʱͷС˸һ¡

ǲܹ㻯ΣһͨȴҲԵֵ˰ɣҶЦЦŻˣʵ
ߺߣ㻹ʶ࣡ȷſҵ˵˵ͨȴڸҾ͵Ϣˡ
Ϣͷ˵ǶòٰҶжʱЩЦá
ָһ֮£ͷѾ˳ŻѤߺߵؿ
㲻ƭҰɣ˿ʵҪ˷˵ҽУ˼ֵģҽлСɡ
ҶһۣкȻһ˵ϵһʯ棬ٿȻ˸֮£ʯת֮ͱ仯һӡ
ۣԭѾǵصΪ˰СŮһ㣬ǼҲֻҵʵأ
ҶЦЦЦṹϲ壬Ըıףǿⷽ棬ıȴǺܲףǿ塣
ŶԭСҵҵĳѨɣʲôʱͻƵأʲôʱߣǷһֻе˵زܹ仯أߣұ仯֮һҪüЩܵö
˵ԵСŮһ㣬طǰˡ
벻ͷ˻ô٣ҶЦҡҡͷ
תﵽͷ˵ıϣСһڵأݺݵצӰץˣԶȥ
֮ޣϣһ쳣ǿҪγҲǷǳѣϣɾ͵ڶصΪ磬ͷ˺ȻָܹģһĻϵƥķٸߣҲȲҶͨˡ
һؾǽ򸲸Լศɣ֮ͬеһ㡣
Ƭ̵Ĺ򣬻СҶѾһƵĴϣĶСĺɫݾ˿˿һ㣬ȥ޵ģһɾů
СߺߵһѽҶˤ˽ȥȻֻۣݺݵؿһ㡣
ҶɵؿЦ
Ұ㻯Σָ﴿ʥˮҪӦʹòУʮֵҪҶʵ
ָһץʮվʯ֮תۼѾع˴ʥˮ
Ӷʱɺ˴룬ͷ˶ʱʮֵĲˣҪ֪ЩʥˮɵңԶ֮У͸ȻŽʥˮ븹Уɲÿռĵ
ǿҶʵҪԶԶʤҲûа취
Ӧҵأ˿Ž˴ʥˮеҶе
ģҴӦĻᷴڲɣҶЦЦҪľǻָʵֻȸڽһЩˡ
Ҷ¾ͽϵһЩıķŶͷСˡֻҪԼķתȻ򸲸͸ÿһܹ׸ıԼ
Ҷϸ֮ϵǲ㵰ʵһѡ
˵ĳ̶ֳ϶ԣʿУǿʼѧ֮ϵġ
һʼʱ书֮оͿԿʲôϢơ廢ŵ޵ѧġ
ҶͷԼ֮УʼͣشڸνطϣȻٽطʵؽԼӴתΡ


448 վԳ
ԭʼɭ֮еһòΧһƬԲǧҽɫҽͣعȭҽݣڲ֮˿˿ĻתһɫķΧ֮еһ˶Ļѡ
ϷλãһƬɽƲ㸲ǣƲд˺¡¡һִĻԴԴϵͶ֮С
ôһڽɷ֮𡣶ΧľԴԴϵ֮С
ľܵľǣ֮µľԴԴӿ֮УмѵĻ汩ǵ֮ߣΧĿռ䶼ƳܲסŤ״̬
ʱƣػ𽥽ϵҽҲȴӲʯΧһƬš
ꡣĴѿеöѻζһ£Ȼѿһ϶漴ѳƬΧ
һµľɫŮӻȽȽͷɢ˳ĳһɫķڣ֮иһһĸ߹֮
ܹתˣСɻһӵ֮Լ޳մȾ˺ܶѤķëһһĻ֮
ѾתˣشԼĽѩ׵ĳĽ񣬵µһЩλȴϸϸĻɫ
µĻСû˿˼ɺŮ֮Թ۵Ҷʱ˸æתͷȥ
ιҶ㿴֮ΣǲǺСɷ˹һڱĿµҶ
Ѿͷȴ·òãҶװ˯װȥˣȻ֪ĻСɣֻܿЦһ̧һָ֮ɢܵĻȼִԼȡĲͶУֻת֮䣬ЩɢķѾһͻĻ£ôͷϵĻƷڣһƻɫķӰƮ첻һ㡣
±ҶһѾΪƷĵˡ
Ѿýط໯򸲸ȫÿһ磬תҶȶԭأЦЦ㾫ͨͨʱҲ١
ǵȻˡСɵصɲộ֮егɣ츳ĶõȫĴУߺߣΪֻ֮飬ιΪʲôôë
תһԼıλãԼһϸϸĻɫΪá
㵱̫ʥЩѰôҶһۣ漴ûص̫޶ˣһǺųƲ̶ֳȵܹ֮ȥĵܹһĻ⼸ëŰɡ
˵ҲˣصҼ֮ҵĵҲܳԾģСתת飬漴һƨɶˣιҶܹ֮жꣿ
ҿɲ֪ɾ͵Ϊֻ֮ѣǳƵһҲΪپҶ̯˫ֵǷһ屾ݣûҲܹʮ֮ãͻƻֻ֮¸˰ɡ
βܹɾͶ֮Сɿʵ
ҶЦЦǵõԼһУеʱ䣬ˡ
СԴͻ˵ڶز֮Ҳû࣬ϲĴ棬Լ츳ͷܳȥ棬ԴҶҲᣬֻǽеͨڸ֮ԼͰĿʼ˶ѡ
һαǸ˸Լռ価飬˲ᣬǾս֮ҶĵҲ˲٣ӻСɵķıͨϣ˲ٰأʹڵĿռ䷨Ѹ޸˹
Ļ֮
ĳ̶ֳ϶ԣսľӣͨ͵мϸƣܹ˿Խ
ЩҶǰ֮еЩϽְҵˣʿûôϽˣʿ̿͡ˣħеʿ̵ִĵƦåΪʿǲѧŵѧߴʦˡ
ԭ͵²ʿǵսǿһٱһȺҪҲҪʿΧŹĻôִӿʼս;ˡ
Ҷ۾붨ѾȬӸвɼһЩʥˮ͸С֮Լ뿪
ţҶһԶ
ԶȻһŻŤŤشӿͨһҶǰ
СɣôŪӣҶʧɫ
ҶҡСɫʮֵίǷϣȴɢ˺ܶëǼҲˣܶط˺ۡ
˭˵ģҶæס˻Сɣа׹һɹ˵ڣȻ˿ûЧɳһ
СɫҰףϢһ֮󣬺ݺݵصûõģҪָߣȺ쵰Ȼңһȥ֮һҪڣǵĺӶ
ȱˣ㻤ˡҶס
໡Сˣڿ㣬ĸ֣Ȼף
һɾ޴ɷأʮɻɫӰԶٷ˹
Ƭ֮Уʮͷξ޴ĽվԳƣȫĸë룬ë׵ľһ˴س˹
ʮͷվԳһеľ޴һ֮£Ӱ糱һҶҵ޻гıѲĵ绡ۼ
ЩͨԳ츳ɵģȻһһΣҲ䳤ޣߵԳܹɽ
ЩһȻ޵ѣǱϾҲƣǽǶЩͨԳнǧѾ񾳵Ϊǵӳ֮ãʵǷǳͨҲǲ١
Ҷ̧һָǰտ죬ұͷ˶⼸ͷԳʱֽһײϣʱͬطһٶ촷ۡ
໣Ϊ׵һͷԳ󽫣еĴȻһһ֮£ҲһƬݺݵҶıͨһ
ǶӡҶָһ죬кȻһʮ״ĴӡͷԳӡסˡ
ͷԳȻӡסԼ׺֮ȴʼղһ֮£ͷͳҶҵ˹
һž춯صƣռ䱻˺ѿ״
Ҷ̧һָһǱͨ˳ҽһ£ͽ価˿
֮ȼܵһһֻ˶ѣԼз˵˸ΧĻ澡ȡС
ϲŵļȴһļѹų֮£ˡ
ҶǷ˳ʻ棬סŷѣȻͣش߷ʹûСɵĻָٶӵķǳ֮졣


449 Գħ֮
Ҷָڻ棬ΧΪյصɭֺͺ˵ĽվԳ΢΢һ
ոͷΪ׵ԳħǶӡȫȻӵо޴ЩһӾͰҳҪʱʹиͨͷԳħնɱֻ½ǵԵ⼸ͷӵﲻɡ
ЩԳ޴ֱϹͨԳѪͳߵȫ֤·ӣȫķɶϣһǵУз֮ƾӶеĹܽվٽ飬忴ֱһ˼顣
꣡ѵкȻѿһϸϸķ϶Ȼѿ߳һССϸϸ֮ǰЩˡ
СɵΪѾ˵ڶأټΪ˵ҶĻͨļӳ֮£ֻ˶̶ʱѿ˵ǣ֮лָ˹
Ҷ̧һ֮£ͷϵĻ澡ģ漴ͱСſһɵˣ۵촽
㰡ҶֻǿЦһ漴ҡҡͷ
Сɻζһ°С֣ϵëѾˣЦˣĲ֮ټϵصΪٶȸ죬ҵĵӵҲܿ죬صķɻɽ֮󣬱Ҫһʱˡ
Ҳǧ֮һеԴҲǼḻ̾ϹˡЩسʱһᣬԲǵġ
ǡ׼ôȥأҶ˰ۣεСʵ
ҪȥԳ֮Ǿ̾ͨûа취ȥСɵС޺޵صҲûа취ͷԳǵصΪأֻǼ֮£Գħ֮еǽƣҪȥĺѡ
ȻˣҾһȥɡҶڵҵģֻɻȥҪ汻ͷԳˣҲܹҺֻǲһȼѡ
Сɵ۾ʱ
Ѹٿʼ׼Ҷϴһ£÷˻СϵķϢƾ˭Ҳϲԭͷ
Сɵ˿һͷͨëŮĽޣҶԼﾳΪԼؾ͸һԷúͻСɴճһԷޣʼԳħ֮С
԰ٵħǶ֮к󣬹Ȼһ·Ϸ˳ûжûʲô֡
һ·ľͷ֮ҶͻСһɫ棬ľͷҲԳħ֮ǡ
ҶԤ֮⣬Գħ֮ǲǻµ֣Ե򣬽ֵϵĽеû˿Ļ֮ʿ۽硣
ֵЩƷҲȻ˵ħħΪϹѪᣬ̫ǿ󣬻֮ҲΪªŹ֣Գħ֮УȴûӣЩħλĸߡ
һͷԳħĳǳôҶΧĳɵؿʵ
СԵشӣɵغݺݵصһۣڵƲˣôˣѵͲܹôߣʱ֮ļʶһķӣ
ֻǸоЩˡҶǸȻЦЦҪ֪޴֮УɵʮڡħͷħţڣǸɵƽƽģֻиϵȵ򽻵ƽսӴҲһȺɽˮֶѡ
ѹˡС¶Ȼɫˡ˼Ȧ֮Ҳûзʲôö
ôһԷɷ򸾣Χע
Ҷ߹һ¥֮ԱߺȻһɷСɺȻܵı
¸¸£һƯССˣ㲻˴ү߰ɣԱߺȻһһ׳ĴɫԵ˹٬ؿҶߵĻСɡ
󺺳׳¶ƤΧ쵵Ļƣһ˫ɫ۾ʵʡ
Ҷת˻Сɵǰ漴һ˵ı࣬Цԭͷèɾѡ
ͷʱȻŭ֮ɱﱾ࣬ҶȻè̾ŭ
Сӣǲ㻢үһټİһ֮£һۻɽҺ˹
ͷ֪ıèҶЦһ̧һ֮£һƬĻ˹ȥͷʷžص
飡Ҷ𵴵ĵͷЦ漴
ͷҲ֣ȻҲǵصΪһȴǴó棬аɽ֮ҶصΪȻƾõ˿
໣˿Хˣһɻɽҵؼѹ˹ذҶƼ˿
Ҷһ漴̧һžʵ֮ȻڵըʱƬըˡ
žҶȻ裬糺ɫ漤ƲݣȻ̧һָ֮£ͷɫĻһը˿һƤëѾ׵ȼˡ
𣡡Ҷָֽ̧֮£ͷɫĻը˿ı˳ȥ
ķɻǴС˵ڷɵģּе֮еͨһ֮£ͷʱ˸ɾҶַһһŵĻ潫ͷյĽͷöҽ
ɻ˼Ҷҡһζ֮£ʮĻɼڣͷ󻢵ըѵž졣
Ҷһ˫ּٻӶ֮£һȭӰ޻ͷϣĸߴҡҡ׹
ͷʱҽһش˳ȥصѹڵء
Ա̴һȺĺȲ漴ɢȥˣָԭ״
Գħ֮Ƶÿ춼ᷢ¹֮󣬷粨ͻƽϢˡ
ԱٿȻһӰһ׳־סҶλ֣µ֮Уȱֻ֣ϵ˾ַ֪ܷͣģ˵ĸ֡
Ƿ򸾳Գħ֮УҪĴѡҶԾܾһ䣬漴ŻСɼߡ
һ·ϣҶͻСɽ˼еʿȻҶһ־տĻ
֪һ˵Ĵף˼㽲ǣͨԶԷֶҲֱ˵ͷˡ
ʵǳֻҪóһ¾ͿԿƸ˲ŵֶΡ
ҶлʮλȻŻСһ·ƣתʮȦ֮һ·ֱسԳħ֮ǵȥ


450 λԳ
Գħ֮ǵľͷ֮һƬǿУ֮Уһ״Ŀն
ҶͻСؿƬʱͨʱΧټǳ֮ϺȻǿ
໣ߺˣҴԳħ֮ǵʥأͷý޴Ӱ⼸ǳϷڴϸĽմ໹ֽųҶ˹
Ҷ˫ֺȻһ£֮ٿȻһĨڰƣָһ֮£һɻҰɫķ羢˹ȥͷԳħŰɱ΢ɲķ羢Ȼ֮УԪһǣ漴תͨͨӿ
ͷԳħεڵأڱ֮з쳣ŨǵȻ˯ˡ
˺ʿ֮ҶһǾеĸǧӲƴķ̫ۺܹһʮᣬѰʽѾˣҶ;綾ͨ
;綾̫ͨݣ̫ƿأҶףơ䡢綾ĴͨںΪһ壬һŴܹϢ˻˯
ʲôͨȻܹϢΣСɿĿɿڴҶ
Ҷ˷˷ۣûصĺıôǿҺòãڰأ
ˣˡСָһǰʱճϫ
ҶȥʱճϫλģȴԼһ˶ĳ涴ڳϫľͷλ˸ݣ˸
Χ񱩵ʱճϫˮݣӲʯУҲᱻ촷ۡ
ˡҶҿǱ˿ٹġ
ԭֱͨĵطҼʮǰٳģԭڴǳתγһȹ̿ٵͨǺȴͷԳħӽǳ˷ͳģˣа취ٳôСεʵ
ԿɡҶǰͨͷ
ḥ̂Ҷ֮кȻһһ˫һһһһպȻǰתĥһ㣬Χӿʱշ籩ʱóٻ
ӿʱճϫڰ׶һȾ֮£ʱͱٻ·˽֮һ㡣
ǰǳһ׳ĿׯҶ˫ת֮£ֱͨͶ֮Уڰ׹⻪תʹͨ˳γһׯ
СǴϲظ󣬳ʱͨλø˹ȥ
Ҷɫ£˫۽֮£һһŵķ籩γɵ̫˸ɾ
Χʱճϫͨת֮£γһټͨΧĿռ֮ɾ
ͨľͷ֮һټĳ涴ֱͨһ֮С
ˣתеͨͨˣͿԽȥˡҶֱϳɫڵ
أСɽҧ´ʵ
ҵȻȥˣˣϻˣȥɡҶ˫һ֮£ٿȻɫħ֮ؽΧʱշ籩˿
ƺһ˫׾һͷδɽľ޴ԳӰһӴɢ˳Ȼ񱩵ʱճϫ֮ſˡ
׺ᣬԵǿ󡢱ꡣŶɷİ
һɴֱִͱҶı
ãҶɫһ𣬱һ͵һָһʩչ˿
¡
۵һ˿¶һ˾޴ľ
һ޴ľĹͷʱһ漴ͱرƫˣǹͷȴ˿ۼû
ģȻǹһ񣡡Ҷŭ
Գħٴδһȣƿնľ޴ħպȻһ
ʱͨʱ׽ҳһƬ쫺ҶͻСɶʱһӴʱ֮ͨиؽ˳ˡ
һڴֵĴݺݵعᴩʱշ籩֮Уƽǽͨ˸һӨĹ
һϾȻɢһɺѷɫϢ
Ҷо𣬶һ̣Լоľ̺Ȼڵľһ޶
¸¡ʶ̧ٵСˡǼҷڶκβñȻҷߣڿ㣬ĸ֣˵Ĳʶ̧٣
кȻһߴӰӰɶ׹죬ͷĽɫƣëᣬһƽӼףһɱݡ
Գһ̤֮ضʱΪ֮һϣԪĺХת·صһ㣬绩죬ߴý֮Уһ˰ԵϢ
ҶͻСϵԪƺܵǣ˿˿˵С
صλҶɫ˹
ΪȻѾܸˣ񵶻ǺˣϾƷҪɲס
ȻԼ͹һ飬һĵгɾȻѣһɾ֮󣬷ȴԶԶʤѰĵˡԳһ岻ۻ룬ɾ֮ͨ󣬷Զһĵͷ֮ϡ
һܽʮᣬԼȻпͨڷ棬ƺҲȲͷͨĺӡ
ͷԳȻɾλҶԼоʵѾǿȽΪˡ
ô죿Ҷͷʵ̫ǿˡСɵɫЩˣʵ
ʲôùܣͨĶֻ߾ˣǴͨҵͨѹѾȶˡҶɫ쳣ƽͷЦԳ
ոͨ￪һʱУʱһʱ̻ûɢѾͨǳ涴ˣֻҪͷԳ׷ػСӦܹɹܵġ
ҪܣԳ໵һֽУξҵضһ£ɫĺëתۼͻͷ޴ԳҶɱ˹
Ҷ̧һ֮£һĴָϸĻ涸Ȼһӭ籩ǣתۼôִ綷һ㣬һϯ֮ơ
Ļ汼ӿһŻ汬ըĻǣǣЩվٰ˹ĺӣɻһ֮£ʱ۵زҽתۼͻ˷׷ĺëҽɢضǡ
ԳķһӶˣʱͱҶıףСȻˣһҪʬΣ
Գ˻İ໵һУȻһ̧һɫİӴӿ޴Ŀ
Ӵһ㣬ĻƷһɺ嫵Ŀռ֮
һ˹һ㣬տ·㣬ؽҳ˽һҶ˹
˵һѾȫ̬ıޡ
ʵʵڵѷɫľɵЧ
似ĽϣҶһ漴ʩչ칦
꣡Գ˻İ칦ҽըѳһһŵĿռѷˡ
Ҷеľ޸˿˿ѺۣȻͷԳһ˳ȥ


451 
ϵһʮᣡ
ֻë׵ľ֣˲Ϣ֮ƿգһ֮£ִָһѾͳץ˹޲ýץ⽴
䣡Ҷһֻ޴ϷȻһɫħ滮ֵֻͱꡣ
ֻͬľһͬʱص˵ϡ
໣Գһɸߣ˾춯صŭˣ֮еи֮£һֻ־Ȼˣݴδйʹҽ졣
ڶԪľӣԴͬΣҶһõľӷ˳ƮƮסľ
ľ纣룬ȴľ׾ٵ֮С
һɫȻӿľӵڣľӵʼѸٶ׳
·һİش׳̯֫׳Գħľͨ巢ըѵˣϵ׳
ڣԳħľҶľӱһֱ۳죬̤ص׳ľʵһ
ֻ׳ŵһ㡣ƺܹգܹڻĻϢһ㣬Ϊ֮ᣬǿŵ
𣡡޴׳Ȼ̧һȭݺݵش˵ȥˡ
ǿҶʱһһѾͷԳħˣ
ξ޴׳ȻСٴλľʣƮƮط䵽ͷˡ
Ҷ̧һ֮£ľݣּĺߣëһ㣬кһ̾ͱը˿ˣıиѾһּ޵ΪпͨһӴ֮£̾;鿪ΪԪ
ȻҵıҵıɱǧСҽһҪɱ㣡ԳŽӺõ󣬶ʱס
ʹֶζû˵ҶİëȻҶ˱ɵذźͨ졣
ѾɳľʣȻ˫ۣſһƬ⡣
飡һƬ֮мŻɫһգըȻΧʱշ籩ըѳơ
Գըļɹһʱ侹޷ɱˡ
ȥСɣȥҶһ̧׳еСһɻɽתḥ̂Ӳʱճϫ֮дһͨ
ͨľͷ֮һŨԪ֮ӿ˹
㡭ౣأСɽҧ´˶ţȻһ⣬ٵ֮ͨУʧӰ١
һ֮Գըĺ˶ǧЩݵıɫȴ÷賤ľһ㣬಻ĵسײ˹
໣ԳȻСһȦһȻ˲ϢԼǰʧ
һ̣ͷԳѾҶߣһֻë׵ľֱץҶ
֣
ҵĹ񵶣Ҷæһܿ漴ȻһеĹ񵶣һִĵ
ԳȴһȻȭŻ֮£նҵ
ԳȻⲫսҶӦɾЩˣԳȭ֮£ͽǰʱշ籩ɢ
ԳһȭҶĹ񵶡
ˣҶȻζһ£Լһȭ𵴵죬ͬ񵶶˾ҵİĵⱻ˱һƬ
ģû뵽ͷλĺӣⲫȻ
Ҷһ߷趯Źغӵ͹˫һ֮£ɱ͵غ֮Уؾϱ֮ڴһټͨˡ
ܣԳףת׷ȥ
ȫĵ֮£ȻΧʱշ籩س忪һƬҶ漴ʹиͨӻ֮£ӭʮɫľݲƣʹԳֲ֮£ʱеѪۣæ˿
Ҷ뺣һ㣬ʱշ籩֮ߴתۼѾһεľ롣
صĸ˶κβãοССλҶЦһ漴תһѳľμ֮£֮ͨ͵ش˳ȥתۼʧãã֮ˡ
Գԭر˰죬ȷҶٻˣֻ㬵طȥˡ

֪ɳ˶ãҶһСƬͣ
·ˡҶĵ̾Ϣһһ£ΧİգԶļǵǳ䡣
˭һֱ˸׷ɱأԯӡ˻δԴдżֻ
Ҷûˣȡʵ죬ӡûУ
ȻԾ棬һ۾ƣΧɨһȦ֮󣬵ƺѾ̫磬һԴе
еҶһΧֵʵôܣȻһԴۺΪΧյȴ˵ϡ
ȥؽԨԨ֮еǧ𣬺ų֮ԴͷĻ棬ȣΪʹΧޱȡ
ˡҶ˵ͷһҲˣѾԳѭԪɢ޵߳һ㣬ѪǸҪʶһˡ
ǰһƬ磬Χ˸һʵĹԶԶؿȥһɫ̫һ㣬â͡
óҶոһ磬ֻȻ³һ£оҪ޴ʮҲֹ
סΣƮƮ֮С
֮ɽѣʱʱɼһɽ˸⣬ʯɵһ㣬Ԫ֮Ũֱ޷
Ҷֻ˼ڵԪѾָ˴롣
һ嫵Ӳ֪ＸϱˮɢžӨ貵ľ⣬΢΢ЩĿ
Ҷںϵλãֶ̧ԺһץԼָ·ץһʪĶһ㣬΢΢һᣬȻ˺ϣ˿ѲãʱһˮȻص˼㣬ССһˮȻǧء
תеˮͨһɫתתۼͽԼָϸϵˮȥˡ
Ա߲Զˮ֮һʿҲתһˮϵںӱˮҶȵģɵ¶һ˿̵΢Ц
Ҷ֣漴תȥˣ׷ʵѣʲôˮȻ˵ĳأҶйŵˮ飬ʵ
ʿռ˰죬еĲǳǳһˮȻҲһĵˣ漴ؿҶһֻۣǵز֮漴Цڿİɣ̫ӵһСС֧ѣˮأһˮʮȴʢ֮ɰϵĲϣһѻȥܹɵԵѵΪûרȡˮĵǱˡ
ȻǴ˵е̫졣
Ҷʿ˼䣬Ҳûǧ֮УۼԴ̫λӵĴ磬֮б˵ˣɾĸ˶ϡԼصʿҲֻˮ׼ˡ
ǧ֮УۼԴһģȻˡ
Ϊ֮ɣɾ֮ͱҪɽ֮ȥˣԭأֻԼɴֻ


452 ħ޺
޵ʿ䳰ȷҶһҶֻ΢΢һЦ⡣
˼֮оĹĶʹӵֶҪǧٱҲֹ޵ʿϲŭֶдϣȫȻǺĻǸһ̣ҲһСˮͼ峤ӰЦ
ҶѯһǸ޵ʿѾ漴һƬƲ׼ˡ
ͬʱе
ϺȻðһˮһֻ˶ӲӵĹ޺Ȼˮð˳
ͷ޿ȥһͷ޴װ¶ķ˶˶һð֮漴͵һſڣʮĹǸ޵ʿ
ЩɫĹƼ죬֮ռ֮ѾһˮľҵԲ
Ǹոշʿһ漴ֻ̧ӳһסˮǱˮһ¾ͽԼĵϸ˸顣
ɫˮһӶˮ˳ʿȫļͬʱ֮£һɹѪ͵ˡ
Ȼһ˿Ԫûбסˡ
˹ɱַԱߵҶһ
ͷ͵תͷһ˫ǵˮ۾ݺݵؿҶ漴ſ³һڴԲľˮ
ˮʵҶ漴һţкȻɳһںɫĹⲨһֻɫӲؽһܹˮì
΢΢һ֮ˮѹȫȻһ˫˵֮УЩû׹ڵء
ˮʵͨȻһԪˮɲģñɵһһŵͷ֮д˲ʱ䣬ɵˮ֮ȥˡ
㣡
Ҷ͵صסһ֮ˮϡıȴԼһ̤ħԼˮ춯
еͷȴѾ˷ṳ̆һˮر˹ˡ
ȭͷСı飬ɫĹâһ󺣵㣬ܹһҶҵغ
¡¡ˮ
ҶԼоⲻһҹһҵѹ˹
ͷűȫһƷĵˣҶֽ̧һһռطס顣
΢΢һʹ˰˾ŷֵס顣
Ȼתˮʵͨһɫйס飬ȻԼС
ͷȻŭ˷ŭ
ҶȻһ֮£ѩˣЩѩͷϣȻʼһεɫķʼת֣۶һһֵˮС
ѩƮƮͷһӴ֮£̾ϡ
Щѩϵʼӷ˳һɫķת֮£𽥿ʼǧѪˮһ㣬ʼʳϵˮԪ
ͷ˾ı֮ƴŤͼ˦Щ֮ңˮ徫֣࣬ȱݸ޷˦ˮʵĲٿأһɹɵˮϸ˳ȻȡЩ֮С
ڣͷڵһˮЩȡ˸ɾȻ˵ϣήˡ
֮ˮ
ЩɫķһĺɫȻڿвͣţ̵ľɫˮײͣţҪһħģˡ
Ҷתˮϵ֮ͨ£˱ˮ
еҲΪεģ֮ĵǷڶͼԪףĲ˵ľ磬Ҳͷ״ˣͬԪһ㡣
ҶֶΣҲܹжֵֻ
Ψܹ֮ľ֮ˡ
ˮֶҶԼĿļıˮˣӿĳˮաˡ
һħˣħĽ̤̲һߣֱţֳһɫĴꪣһһˮɫһ׵磬̵š
¡һͷˮֱ˳űͷħ̧־ȡ˸ɾеˮ
֮ˮˮޱȣˮ׾ѷɫľˡ
ȭͷСıˮ״ӿмٵ֮¡¡ž죬ˮֶըѪɣȻ֮ˡ
ǿˮǿˮװҶ̾һеηߡ
ķףľףˮ׵ЧѾǿܹըһ磬ֵزΪͨⲻˡ
ܹɾ׵Ļֻһ֣̾ﻯ˻״ˣʵǷǳĿֲֶΡ
Ҳѹ֣еͨΪʲôʤ˱и֮֮ͨˡ
Ҷ̫֮ת˼Ȧ˲ٵ㾫ʵ˲ٵĺˮϵ
̫磬ȻԴѹ־嶼Ӳ棬̫ҲҪȥϡı˰ɣҶű飬θҲ㹻ˣھȻҪ޴Ϊ塣
̫ӷԼĪ֮ҶȻо֮зһ޷ݵ궯궯ȫ֮ÿһͨʼЩļ
ô£ҾЩУѾ˼ʶգͨҲת˷򣬲ٲħ˰ҶеһŹ֡
˼һ£ȶתͼ궯ĸоȴǿ
𣡡ԶԶȻһ޺д˸һ㡣
ҶȻоԼʮһ㣬ȫռ֮еķҪѶȥһ㡣
ȹסҶڶɱﵣһɫĹⲨͷΪԴأѸɢȫתۼͽ궯ɢ˸ɸɾ
Ҷվ漴ӳһ·ȥȥˡ
ελΧѾһƬߵɳĮΧѾĻľƶɽ롣
Զһ㱡֮ˡ
ҶеֵǣƾԼĿ͸ӣ޷׵Ĵ͸Ʊ
䣡
䣡
䣡
ĽŲ֮Уһ쳣ߴӰ
Ҷһ֮쳣ߴӰҲʩչʲôһ̤תۼҶǰˡ
ǰǸǸߴľˣΧƤϹһ㣬ͷɢţͿĨ˹ŹͲʣϲųߣȴһ޸һ˫֮ͭȴû˿ɣֻһƬҵĻɫѣļ²ѡ
λ֡ҶкѾˡ
һ֣ڵһ̤ת˲Ҷǰͷһ
𣡡
磬գпռһҶͷ˹
ҶʧɫһӲܿһһڿյϣ·һ㣬תۼͱһƬ׵ء
˻Ҷͷֱ
ٴֻأҶ˫һһӣһŻɵ˹ȥ
ͷħ޺ߴǷ·ȾһƬī֭㣬Ҷ;綾֮Ⱦ綾俪ʼɢ
𣡡Źֵ˺Ȼƽһſ³һŻɫͿĨԼȫ£תۼͽЩ綾˸ţֻһʱ̵ĹҶݼӴľ綾侹ȻڵˣҶĿǣͷȴ죬ƺζһ㡣
ƣŹֵһֽ֮£Ѫ˿߰ĹҶҧ˹


453 VSԴ
ħ˵ĴһΣʮͷŹֵĳһ㣬ſѪҵҧ˹
Ҷͷ亹ȫͨһһŵķסľססˮױ˹ȥ
ЩȻ޴󣬵Щ֮һӴ֮£̾ͱһ㣬Щһײ֮£漴ͱЩ䶯Źֵĳ˸ɸɾˡ
⵽ʲôŹֵĶҶһ߷ٺˣ˼ת
Щ˶ǻѪɵ壬̺˻ҵϢֻܹܹƣ
ˣ񽣣նҶһкȻһ⣬Ȼһڽɫĳ
һһ㣬ΧĻ֮Ȼ˿
ৣ
ҶɫĽһչһһͷħ
ͷħʱѾ׷˹ɫĴ֮УŻҡѪϢо޸ͷ£Ҷ񽣽ʡ
ۣϢأħеľ޸·𱻷绯һ㣬һ֮£̷׷رɢ
ɢȾһ㣬ͷħȻҽһһӾͳױ˿΢Сĳ漴ڻ֮С
ЩħȻɻԪɵģǱϾ֮صɱԼ
ˣҶлȻ漴һ·ǰɱ˹ȥ
ĵ֮Уǻԭ棬Ĵ䶯ɣе۶ɻħȴҲֻ޼Ҷһ·йȥչ£ܼ˾񽣸նɱڵأ˷ɻ
֮һɢ֮£Χضʱͻָ˼һƬյĹ⾰
ʮͷľħɽһ㣬ſֱۣεؽϼҴڵʮ޵߾ΧסˣҲʲôֶֻеĿ޸һһš
ͷξ޴ɽħףһ˫ּڵʣ֮¾ʹһǿҵ硣
ǵΧһ㵭Ļɫ߷״һ㡣
Ⱥħ˵İΧ֮УֻһȦȻɫĹⲨȻſһ޴Ĺص⼸ħʮʿҲƷĵ֣ɵĹⲨصֵסȺħҺ
ʵĹħеľ޸ͣҺ֮£𽥵رϡˣֽһ㡣
Ҷ漴һ֮£һ޴Ľɫɨ֮У֮еħ·𱻻չһ㣬Ĳҽڽ֮·׷׶˽ٻң׷ˡ
ɫĽһǼ򵥵ĺɨ֮пֲħ·𱻻չһ㣬ܽλͬ紵ɳһ㣬ʼ׷
Щħ˵Ĺ֮£޲˾Ĳҽڽ֮·׷׶˽ٻң׷ˣһûʣ¡
ǺͨԱߺȻ˼ӣŰƮƮҶֳ񽣣ӴЩ˾Ȼû˿ĵֱֿӾͱ˽ٻңû£
л־֮
ؿǱ߱ҿٳһͨȥɡҶֻ̧˻ӣתͷΪӴħɱ˹ȥ
Щ֮ûʿǾδվȻû˵תͳԶɱȥ
ǱҶһն֮ߴɽħʹ֮ͷ촷ۣ׷ڿ黯ˡ
Ҷ̫֮طţһ·š
ٵһɽ֮Уȥˡ
һƬ֮뵣ԼĻԭꡣ
֮Ȼܹʴɻ֮ҲԵģΧԪڻ֮ԣǴֲΧЩʿǣڻԴԣȴϵĴͣΧԴȻӿˣΧɽȴǲû̫ܵصƻ
ЩħĻܹ֮֮һ֮£ռ䶼֮סˣеԪ׽ˣҪʩչ˲Ҳʮֵѡ
Ҷ΢΢۾ˡΧããĻ֮
ΧԲķΧڵĻ֮ȴתع֮䣬γһƬնĸɾĿռ䣬̾Ϊֹ
Ҷ˼
ʵϺͻ˵ģʮֵĿֲܹڻȴǡǡ෴ûκɱǳΪԵʣеģ֮е塣
ǰɱۣӦеĵġ
ĳ˵ʿʵתƽ˾йҪعأʿǡǡ෴ҪҪȡ֮컯֮תȻȻ
֮㣬һζôתȥǳ⣬ת˼ޣǾǻ𣬻ն˾ǻҡ
֮еʿת򣬻۶ɵľǻԴͷԴͷЩĻ֮һվͻᱬͻ˽յĻ
ˡҶ۾Χǰһ쳣޴ħֶ޸͵˹
Щ֮ݻɵԭħˣûǵģһζֻƾ豾ܵĽǰͷħȻѾˣѾ˱ʶǣѾʮֵ
ͷħνʵȳƣ½ᣬͭ͵һ㣬͹ⷢȻȫ˿κεĻ֮ɴ˿ɼͷħѾ׵һľˡ
ôȥͷħ˵ͻ׳һʿУٽ׳
֮֮бǻңɳʯ£תΪĳ̬ĻǷǳ⣬ܹ׵ֲαûʲô˵ġ
ǸͷδҶ漴;ɳͷħ˽׵ѾսĻƲ֮£漴Լڲͣɳҽĸͷתܡ
ͷħܵٶȻһ㣬Ҷ̧һӣһɫĽƿշɳϣͷ˷˾춯صͬ嶼˻ҽ̳ˡ
ħ御֮вûгֻԭ棬ֻѾһˮ״ľ飬ɵľ壬ô˿Уһһš
Ҷ̧һ֮£Ѿ֮С
ɵľƸᣬɵľּ˿˿Ľɫߣ
ԭˣ֮Ѿ˥ˣ⳹ײŽ򣬳׵ĽᾧˡҶӣ鶯š
Ļ֮Ѿ˥Բų׵ĽᾧˣҶеĵ
֣ԱߺȻ˼δʿŰƮƮҶֳ񽣣ƮĽ֮Щ˾Ȼû˿ĵֱֿӾͱ˽ٻңû£ɵ֮⡣
˴˶˼ҶΪŭתͷһ⼸ͷʿһݡ


454 Դͷ
⼸չĵ˱ܿҶ񣬵һĨ֮ɫȴҶ۾ȻǴˡ
λֻǲؼ˰ɡҶɫ䣬гԶһָ˳ǴͨɰȻ뿪
Ϊ׵ĵˣһתǰ΢Цмص̨֮¸м˴˵ĵط̨絽֮һΣ
أ£ˡҶһ֣⼸ʿĽתͷ˳ȥ
Щ˾ţƤһѲֹҶᣬոǸʿи˽֮ɫ˳Ǵʲô⡣
Ҷл⼸ʿֻͣһתͷԶããɽ֮С
Զǻ֮ԴȴӡоӡͻӡıԴ
һҶȻ֮гȥЩƤŲŵЩ̾ȴǰˡ
ǰʮͨһǧ֮еĻҵͬҲ޼Ѱ
ͨʿͶ֮У׻ʳ֮УᵽȻܹ
ȴô򵥵ģΪԴ˼ϵͺñһһֱһصİҪ˦ףҪΪԼãǾѰˣɽ׸ıƣͨѾ漰Ĳˡ
еռֱʤκħ֮вرɷˡ
ͨҪУؼǿξ
ԸͨȻ׵õˣҶȴʼնĥеİڡ
˵ڵĻҵͨˡ
еĵЩеͷԡ
Ҷֵٶȼ죬ΪԭΨһĿҶֻת֮ؼʮͷħˣȡʮöĻӣ⼸ʿ
ȴӰӰ´µظżӰΪʮֵĲ͡
ӰӰ´µӺ洫ˡ
СõʲôֶΣȻܹһε֣
֣ҶԺһ⣬Ȼ˻Դͷĸˡ
˷أط죬취Ȼ˼ʥڳʱ򶼻з˳ȷǵ꾰ӹʱҲƵƵķ
˼֮˲ҲǺˮģֻǳǧ޴Ҳֻ֣޴˫ħֵʽչֳģ̫޽֮λ׵Ĵ磬ʵ֮ǿҲӲ棡Щ֮еҲˣ֮ƾ˭Ҳ޷赲ĻԴͷ˻ԭħˡ
ҶʱȻ
֮мǼһ˽
϶һϵĵٺ٣缸ǽܹˣ
СҪǮҪܴܲù˵ء
𳶵ˣͷϻмأѹģһβѾͦģǻص֮Ҳиˣǿ϶ֱϣɻڴˣ
һ˽ʱҶĶвɵذŭ
ǣֱ͵ҪǮҪٺ٣ȻˣҲҲˡ
⼸һĿĵȻǲĿҶһ˴֮ԴҲǸ߷ڣǿҶеǼҶͨ
һȺ̰޳ܵļһǣҪǮҪ𣿼ȻˣǺãҾͳȫ㣡
̫ҾͻҺˣ־ֺˣƨ£
ҶűļӰаŭ֮£漴Цһǰ˹ȥ
ǰ֮Уһͷɽħˣ漴û˵ͳ˹ȥ
ǰ֮ҶҲЩνòȻˣǶԣֻҪ漰棬ҲģЩɾͻֽã䷨ͨҶɲҰԼı󽻸Щαʿ
;֮УĻħȴһ⣬Ҷһɨ֮£ҷ𣬻УǶԴŵЩˣҶȴǹһЩħ飬ʹЩħסЩʿЩĻʿը˹һ㣬ϵüɹ֮زز
ҶҲͲЩħˣ̫֮Լ֣ЩʿµҵԼα̳ܲġ
򵽻ҵͨԼ顣
ҶظоҵͨƺԼͨĪĹ¹ԺΪܲء
ȺӵħԽҶ֮漴ͣߣͳЩϲʿǳ˹ȥ
Ҷ̾ͼӿٶȣѸټӳֱ鲼Լǰһ֮£Ϊ׵һͷħؿڶʱһ󶴡ͷħ˷˼ŭ˲ȥ׷Ҷ˽ʮʿƥһֶͷ͵سɱ˹ȥ
ٶʮʿҶ֮һǰħʱŵ۴Уû˵תͷɢһͷħȴ̧һץ֮£һѾͽеһʿץſھȥֻǿ֨֨ؾ׽˼֮£ͽЩʿǾȥ
ĲʿǼǰ˲Ѫȵľ󣬼Ѿ˵תͷܣȺħȻ÷ڱ仯֮ȴ֮һеĿռ谭һʮдһ֮£ʮӱܲʿʬ
һͷħȻ³һŻɫһߵ״ת֮͸ϵһƴ߷ɵʿ糤һѽʿסˣȻ͵һ֮£ʿʱҽϸһ㲻ͣرѱ飬СһѵĻҽԼռ֮е෨ûӹһ٣׸ڻˡ
һȺҪǮҪɵ󵨡
ЩʿЩħϵ෨Ҳ˲ЩħֺĻ֮֮ȥˡ
ȺСٸҡҶٺٹЦһתշС
ûʿҸҶˣΪеĻħһĵ̣ǿɲԼһΪȫȺаħС
ЩɷԸ㣬ǼֱҪаħҪаҶԴ˿ġ
˶ĵĻǸЩܣżţҶ֡
˦Ⱥĸƨ֮Ҷֱط˻֮Դķеٶȼ֮죬ֻת֮䣬ľת˲֮ɽĸλá
һ·֮ЩħеΪҲʳѾʼܵƴеħΪڵĻ֮ľջع֮䣬׵ɢˡ
ⳤĻ֮ԴеԴͷ֮λá
һ·Ծߴɽ֮Ҷؿ⴦η绢Ŀֲ֮Դ


455 ̫
ؿ˻Դͷˡ
ҶѾԵظоĻ֮ӵŨٱҲֹǰĻ֮ԴһƬŨɵһ㣬һ޼ʣҲԴ͸ϰ
Χɽ֮УȴԼԼĻԭħ֮ҡȥ˵͵͵ˡӦ֮ġ
Ѱʿ˵óȻֻ±մȾϣòһӵĹȫ¶᳹׵ڻҳΪ֮һӣ㿿ʵ̫ˣôҲᱻ̼֮ȫʧرߡ
ܹݺģΨӵǾҶ
ҶȻоڵ·ܵ˼Ĵ̼һ㣬ʼÿÿ򻯵һ֮ûмͻһ㡣
˹ˣʲôԵʣҶüͷɵȶ棬Ŀʼĵؿʼ
֮һŽɫĹⲨϢأŽɫⲨ̣ӰʵʽӲӵĹâʵһ㡣
֮һֽķΧĻɽһգ׷ɢ
ҶΧ֮ڣӰҲҲһħ˺ͻԭ档
ڴʱ˿̣ҶҲ鷳ˡ
Լ۳Ϊʵһ̣оԼ˼ά׶һ㣬ãֻؿš
ʶкȻһλ
£ˡ
£ˡ
£ˡ
žҶȻƺһŽɫĹⲨȻԭ̳Ϊ˽̬ȴһ׵ķʽˡ
תۼͱһŻɫ쳣ǿҵĻ֮
ױһɲǣоԼԪҲˡ
ҶؿԼ˫ֳ֮еĻԼз籩ˮݻң֮ȴִһɱĲ
˾ͷһǾǻҵĿʼ֮һ˥ƽϢ֮ǾĿʼұһ塣
Ҷ֮ԴѾǳˣոһɲǼ䣬˻֮Χħˣԭ涼˹ǵɫ壬ֹǵĽŵ£ȴǻĻԭԵüĶġ
Щӷ׳û۾ӣֻһݵѪڣ֮Դ֮Ļԭ档
ֻл֮Ļһĳ̶֮󣬲ŻֻԭֻԭܹΪ޳Ҳʵκβֻԭģֳһɢ˿֮ʵһַǳѣҲ˵ɽ֮еȻֺˡ
֮Ѱ̬Щӷ׵Ļԭ棬֮ռ̬ʵֲĻħˡ
Ҷ񺳶ΧĳûκεķӦû۾ʹţԼС
ԭˣң̫
һŽɫĹһŻɫĹ֮вͣعȥ仯޳
Ҷ̧һ֮£أ뵵ĹѾ۳һУԼԼҪɾ̫ģ
ڣһͷħЩͲסˣû˵ų˹дɽľ޸һ쭣͵سͷ£
޸ڿҶϵһ̣ҶϺȻ˵⣬ħľ޸·Ӱһ㣬Ҷ֮תۼ;촷ۣͷħȻ˱ݵУͷħʼٵСתۼͻΪޡ
һߴɵħ˾ȻƬ֮䣬ͱҶ֮УúӰ
ЩѰʿĴ綼֮Դôأն˽ľôҶȻһˣ˵ס֮УȻնϹŽľӦûӦɻ֮Դɣ
òʼʥֽ֮Դѹ˰ɣ
ҶаֹţʼնŪףʼʥڸʲôãôɱȡѵΪҪ֪κκε鶼˵ģһ˥ߵ˾ͷˣҲᵱ˭ҲֵסģҪ
һ岻Ӧķǽľǻ֮ԴʵҪάȥ֧֮һǲԭϵһûеĻܿͻܣԭͺ֮漴ӭЩӵľǳ׵
ҶѾλʥ͵ʼʥһ㣬϶ǻıģǾ޴ı
Ļԭ뵵Ļ֮ҶֿеĽɫкȻԼͨһ̫ͼʶ֮תš
ʱ˿̣һ쳣ͷȻܶƵӿͷ
Ҷ⴦֮ԴһϬľâ
ܹκԪ˷ͼԭȴǡǡ෴ܹκķɻɢռ֮⡣
Ҷϸ̽Żԭڽṹתͼͻ֮໥ںϣһأЩԭ߽̾⣬ɢ˿
ľͷǻңҵĿͻң򡭡
Ҷ׵˼֮С
֮Ȼû֮ܣճ̫þͻ᳹ױ⣬˳׵Ļ֮С
Ȼӵ֮ûӦý飬Ҳᾡɢعؼ䡣
˵ȴʼձ֮УȻȴҳ׽֮󣬴˳֮£У
Ҷɫ˫΢΢Ȼ̵״˫ָػ˰Բ״ˡ
һԲϾ̫Ȼ֮ɡ
̫Ǻڰ׶ɫģһǻ粻ģ֮ɫһǽϽĽɫ
֮ػңң㣬ΪԲΪ̫
γɵ㽥תݡ
ССнɣ𲽵ؿʼһԲ״ģ
βνӣ׾ͳɾ̫
һ޷ݵǿȻ˲伤Ҷӿķ
һ̣Ҷ޷ס޴ķʼȻ
ɲȻ賤ݣȴûг׵ʧأȻܵľƿأѭеʼ׳
ҶȻһȡԼСԼС̺еͶӰֻȻ޴󣬵һֱδܳΣֻǾƷܹǵ
ɫͻɫ֯ɵ̫С棬ۻƴ֮Ȼɫ뵵Ⲩתݣһ쳣Ӵľҵɢ˿ӿȵ֮ɢ
Сͨ弱ת֮£ֻһӨ͸ɫתףȻɽĶˡ
ͨ͸𪣬ΧɫĹתݣĿѣԣҶ΢΢һ֮£СƮƮ䵽Ҷ֮ˡ
СȻ㻯ɣڵȴǰҶģɳġ
žžҶȻһɵ֮͵عеı֮С


456 ۷壡
ˣˣˣ
еı޺ȻҵضĲ֮ˣ޳һںɫıζıͬǰ㣬һζ֮£漴ôҶģƮƮ˿С
޵ŤɫһˮɫķŤţת֮£һźڼףӣһɫĸֱޣΧıҲ˸ݡ
һ˫ںɫͫ˸֮䣬һռȻ˿
Ԫһ֮£Ŀռλö˱ͲۼռȻ˿
Ȼҵı޶ܹɱˡ
Ҷٴһ֮£ֻ̧γи֮ͨٴһת̫Ȼˡ
и۷̬֮ĹⲨҲڿر仯ȻҲɱ˵εģ罣һؿľݵΧıľ״ڲͣŤš
̫Ȼ˵棡Ҷ΢΢زĽ֮£γɵ֮Ȼʮֵ棬ȻԼѾռ̬ܹͨ㻯񣬾Ʒĵܹ㻯
Ҷ˫һ֮£һɫĲƻ֮£йâ˸ΧȻһһͼӰĵǹꪵ
̫һ֮ˮһЩӰ档
һɹӴʱЩӰŤתЩӰҪģܵ赼Լ֮£ڻǰǰĹ켣ʼͣɱ䡣ڱ仯һ飬Ҷ߳
ţ綾ƵףȵѾҶ۷̬̫֮ͨ£ʼһһĿʼŤɱ䣬ɱγεģˡ
ҶͨɵӰʱ˿ȡ֮ȴһʵӰΧŵתڳʥһϡ
칦ϴҲҶ֮ݻһ鰺ش󺺡
ЩȻܵҶԼǵĶܹмȡǵпҶˡһЩٶҲ졣
ЩɱɵεͨȴǸѾӵ˵һصʵ
ԭˣҵĽϲ
Ҷָ֮γһ̫Ȼڵһʯ㶯ֻʯȻһŤת֮վһ˶ݵʯˡ
ԭɫʯȻ仯һʯͷģΣ
νռ֮һͨҲԳƵ۷״̬
Ѱﾳ粻ֻܹͨĿռ䣬ȻͨʱıڲеĽṹͱʡ
Ҳ޶ȵģԽˮͣʯɽҲܹ˱ɶԷתΪһַ壬ȴܽ䵹תҲ˵ܹ˵㻯ʯͷ߽ʯͷ㻯ˡ
ֻҶ׵ܹͨ㻯顣
з㻯壡
Ǵ˵֮е֮ô֮ԭˣҶ૵صָˣԭˣ֮
ˣҵ֮вֹ֮֮ӵͬӴ֮ûκεԣͬҲûκεԡҶȻ򣺡ֻȷʵû˿ķֻľȻعأ
֮Դ֮еĻ֮֮Ϊ֮һ壬»ع֮䣬Ϊ֮һ塣
ЩɢصЩħ˺ͻԭȴûкľеɣһ޿̵ĵز֮ȫĻ֮֮Դһ޶᳹ɢعء
ˣһԼµԼαȥأ
ҶǰĻ֮ԴٿȻһʮͷ˶ĻԭȻӵϷ˳֮С
׼⼸ͷԭȥƷ
ٺ٣֪Ķҵԭ֮󣬻ʲôأ
Ҷвţڿշ

ɽ֮Уһͷ޴ªħԵڵϣ²˿ڣɫѪ
ԱΧͷ޵ļʿѾľеķɫҲʮѿ˼Ƭɫİ쵣һ̲ˮһ㡣
ͷƷײ̫ߣһϢȴʵ̺˼ǿ֮ʹ⼸ʿ֮£ҲܴᣬԼĵҲˡ
һжҶϰ㣬ʱţ̫֮лԴʼ˥Դ֮󣬲ٻԴ»Ԫعء
ԴҲǵģ֮һȻعػΪԪһɹ֮ȴɱ֮ΧŰв֮޽ϣǿħĴŰ
ֻЩ֮ȴѾЩʿǷˣЩ֮ʺͨˡ
˭ߺˣʿ̧ͷ˿еҶɫʱһ䡣
λؽšҶ΢΢һЦӿȻһȦɫ⡣
ţȦȻһ֮£Ӱ棬оͷɳһɫӰˡ
ʥӰֻ̽˫һ֮£ſдش
ڳеʿǸеһƢĸоڵ˻֮Ķܵһ㣬ڵഴֻڶ̶Ƭ̵ĹȻѾȬ˹
ɫӰ֮󣬽ѩһ֮£һת漴صҶĹȦ֮С
ԱߵʿǼȻ˵ĵУɵаȻܹƵͨɱĵز
Ҷʩչôһ֣ڳʿ
ʵʵڵ塣
κһŴͨ˼޵ĳ̶ȣͻͨԴ򣬶γǿ̬νͨռ̬ģƩͨ˼޵״̬Ǳޣиͨ״̬֮С
ҪõͻƣһҪ֮ӶתΪӵԣΪ
Щ飬ǿ޵һ㿪ʼС
Ҳ˵ҪͨͻתΪ񣬲Ҫܹͨ͸ͨԣҪеĽϣԼ֮
ͺñȵϵʱķԪǶŷо͸˼ãӶӵԡ
ͨķѾ˵ˣһŴͨҪֵز֪Ҫ˶Ҳֹܹͨؾ磬ʵʵ˿üٵĵС
˵һŴܹͨɱ񣬱֮ɾɻҪ˼֣û˻ȥֳֺõˡ


457 Դͷ
Խ˼ɽͽٺԭʼɭ֮Ҷһ·˼ԭ˵ʿ֮漴һ·سɱ֮Դֱ˹ȥ
ıһŽɫĹⲨһŻɫĹγһ̫ͼΡ
ȻѾɹ˻֮Ҫջ֮ͨӦ֮ЩԭħȻһЩǿĻҵټİ
иɱʮͷ޴ħΧħľڸӦҶɢ쳣ǿϢ֮һ˾ֵĹֽ׷ͷҲصؾû֮С
ǰһԲĴףɫһпε赲⣬֮Լмͷԭ棬䶯ųªӷ׵壬ͣػζţвͣŻ֮쳣̶ΧԪɢҡ
ҶƬݵĻ֮Դû̫ݡ
֮ѾҶγʹڵĻ֮γһ΢ѭܹ۶ɢΪ̫
򣬱һ˫ӣֻ
ϾĴͨǰʮͨûһܹѭų;ɵġ
һλ֮Դıԭ滯ɵħ֮£˼صĴˣ֮һɻҷ
ҶĽɫĴֺȻ̽Դͷ֮УһץһͷеĻԭ棬ͷ˶Ļԭ泹׾һŤŷ˶ӷ׵漴һתͳɱȥ
˵һ·ײͭǽһ㣬ͷԭ޴ֹסˡ
ͷԭ淢һҳײͣ³˻֮ͼʴռ䣬ҶѾƿռ䣬ͷԭս׽
ҶͿͷԭĻҼС
һŲǷ״֮УȻôһҼУƬƬ壬𵤾ĻᵤླĻᷨȼգӵһҲᱻһļиһô鰡
ԭܹɴռģȫκηҶƫƫܹͨԼκοռ䣬ʹûԭ޴ӡ
Ҷ̧һӣһԲ״Ľͷԭû۾Դ档
ͷȱ״̬Ļԭ̾ѱһͷСè
Ҷ漴һ֣ͷԭ̳˻Դͷ֮Уʼԭһᶼˣʳʱʳûʳʱͻ˺ҧڧʻϵõչ֡ҶͷԭȻС֮˿ѷɫͷ˶Ļԭ棬ת֮ͽ価ɵˣͷԭһֻǶͷϵĽɫ⡣
ҶͷԭȻֽһѾͳΪķѵһ¾ѳ߰˿飬ÿһ鶼һͷԭ档
ÿһͷԭĶͷ϶һԲ״Ľǡ
Ǵ˵еôкȻһ
Ҷո⼸ͷԭ棬ɫһ䡣
Դͷģո˵󣬾һӣȻǰߣһǰߡ
䣬һ಼ۣƮƮߴӿл
ݼǰҶһ
ߵһЦ
ߵϲûɵϢû˿ķ̻֮ϱ֮ƽ̻ҪȻ⣬˵ˣһɡ
ҶЦǰҲո˵ܵİɣ
˼ȻѾɾɣǻԸûɣΪ˵ȴգʶһ̫֮Դ澰һЦû뵽ջܼʶ֮ϲ
ǰ˽⣿
ÿһħ֮⣬һ֮ءߵһЦ޴߳磬ЩҲл֮أȴǽСγɲֻԭˣ޴֮б˵ЩĻ֮ȫЩħѣҲ֪Ԫ۵˼㣬򣬾ͻᵮͼԣͻе֮ԴҲˡ
Ƿô˵֮ԴȲҲڻңˣҶĬȻƬ̣漴ʵ
ûû֮Դʵȴܹܹ֮ԴģΨ˵е֮û˵û֮ͣʱ߲ɴЦˣȫô˵ô˵֮Դǵħ룬˼֮вҲд֮дΣˣôһ仰ɽֺ˼ǲһġ
ʿݶͣͶȡɣչѾǵɥ˵ѾԺŻ˽յĻ֮Դı㲻
ôأ嵽ôһ£ܾڲںܴıҶڵһֱڲͣţ֪˶ٵɡ
Ҳ̫ãϾϽ飬ЩССɿԴȵġ
ߵнһŲԶػ֮أɵɫ쳣ء
֮ÿʱͻᱬһΣħֻҪǱײϵģᱻ䳹ɡɫ£صˣûʲôرĻ㻹Ǿ뿪ɣﲻôĵطĳ̶ֳ˵Ѿƻķ򣬲ϵǿӰ첻ʲôط
Ͼ뿪
һ¡ߵһЦǧ֮һܹͨɹܹɾ̫Ҳ컯ˣСӣ̫ơ
Ҷһ֣һټĽҽӵĹչߵǰ̽һָ̫档
Ѿ޳ת־ΪҪɱ߲׽ĻҪһָͷҪ鷳ֶΣȻϽףǾ˵ǰǸֱĳߡ
ְ̫ϵһ̣Ȼ΢΢һķһͷһһ졣
ɫʵɫȴᲪ
޳ν֮ɡҶߣкȻһ
νɣߣΪΪתν֮ɡ
̫Ȼ
Ƭ֮ߺȻ۾̧һץ֮£кȻһεķƮƮس˹
Ҷ֮к󣬺ȻӨˮһĹⲨıԺ֮һ
ǡҶһɫıɵһ
ָһЦǧ֮һͨ
ͨ˼򵥣ֻ֪̺ԵĲϲܹ飬Ҳ˵ҶֻҪܹתɫֻҪһ¯һӵĵ


458 
Ҳ˵ͨѾܹ׵
ҶҾͲˡ
򿪿ռһ̣һɻ֮й©˳
ΪλҪϼͷԭ棿߲ɵüͷ
ҶתͷǱĿľ˵ġ
ԭˡɫ쳣ƽ漴һָΣŵ˵ͷӦʱˣıӦҲõˣȥɣǧµҵӦñһˡ
Ҷ˵ͷ漴ת⼸ͷĻԭץ֮С
ЩԭҲֻܹɺͳأԵ֮֮£ЩԭڵĻ֮Ѿ׵ѹƱסˡ
Ҷ͸ĵͼϢȥ
Ѿ⣬Ҫ⼸ͷԭ͸峢ҵ϶ҲҪһεģǿ϶ֻᱻʼʥʲôطѹסˣǱѹסˣҵڣȻˣôһЩԮ
Ҷ뵽жʱӿһɶĿˡ
أλˣƬ֮Уǵ㣬һټͺɢŹȣΪܹصľ֮󣬾ѾܹŲǳıܹγۼ֮ѾԶԶʤˡ
ôĵطԴλӵһĴ磬ΪʲôЩ߰˵ôϧ̣أҶпؿΧ澰һԱߵһһͨ漴һͷ˽ȥ
ĿնˮӿѾ˵ͣعĶżƺһ궯ഺҪ㡣
˻Ҷɫʥˮ֮УϴδϴĴʥˮ裬ʱʱһɫĵ̵ԼƤ֮Уȫ̹Ĳ̹ˡ
عһʱ䣬С˴ֱ꣬Գ׷ɱ˰̫ͻϣģҲѾЩŲסˡ
Լϴһ֮ҶһͷеĴʥˮȡ˸ɾ߳ȥˡ
áҶһתߡ
ΧǹȻŨ򱶣һϸ͵ǹ˿һ㣬һ˿һ˿عȫ¶һӡ
ںɫӰһӴ֮һͭǽڣȫ¶סˣɫؿҶ
⼸ʶѾصΪʮֵ񣬶òСĽʱҲѧ˲ٷļ⧲Ҷǡ
Ȼֻˮ׼Ҳ൱ˡҶ̾Ϣһ
зӿĸо弼׳ߵҶȻڴֲ֮£ȻǸΧסˡ
ĸļΪ׵صСӣ㲻ֻеصΪȻҲǸ߹ǰôſ񣡡
޴磬Ŀǡ
޴磡ɫ΢΢һ޿ֵҶɵЦһôΪʲôʸ⼸Զʤǰſ񣿡
ƾҶȻһЦ⼸ΧʣºȻһɫķϣȻţ뺣һ㣬תۼӰˣسڻ˿ˡ
⵽ʲôŹֵͨʿҶĻкȻӿһѪĸо
ҶȻ̧һ£һλΪʣȻɻɫһӸ˸šɫѸӿ֮УʾֵؿԼȫȻ˿ֵסɻʴԼҲʼʴУʼһڻ˿ˡ
Ա߼λʾһҪܣǰȻһͷӷ׵ķ˶һһĿʼͣ䶯
ԭ棡Ҷһȣּ̧ͷ׽Ļԭ档
ȻٶȶסԼĶ䡣
ͷԭڵĻ֮ԭǲйģֻͨͣԪйѾͬˣı屻ҶˣڵĻ֮γһ΢ѭ֮й֮ȻǴá
֨֨֨֨
ͷԭֱ˲ͷһ̶ؼУ̶ɢ˿
ΧļλΧҶͬʱһ¶ʹ͵ɫˣ·ͷ衣סҶĿռʱ֧˿
мʵռ侹Ȼѿĺۼͨըѳһһŵǻ
Ҷͷԭ棬һЦȴһ㵭ɫĹⲨ
ǻԭľ֮һҼУһ̶ļ֮£ֵѪͬʱ˻ʧص״̬ʹҲԳִܲħ̶ȵļС
Ϊ񾳵ʿᱻͷԭһУͻᵼ³׷ͻ
⼸ͷʳ׸оһ޷ݵĿ־֮УǸоڵ⼸ͷԭһ֮£̶˱ߵ״̬֮Уæѹıߵķ
Ǵ˿ѹҵοǳֶԸҶˡ
ţͷԭ͵ֿ˾޿ڣȻ͵³һɻˣӿȵĻŭһ㣬תۼͻһ֮£ҵһڣͷס˵ͬʱ˾ļ
ǵȫ¾Ȼ͸ʴĺۼ·ͬʱܵ˱и綾ʴ״̬ЩΪǱ𽥱ѿĴһ㣬һ鶼
ۼʴٶȣҲĳЩ綾ܹʤ֮ǻ֮ζ޷ɢģ֮ͬһ㣬ϣƾֶҲ޷
ӵֹסֻԴͷΨһķǽ˵ֱӾܹеĻ֮
ϧʿǶǵùҹıԣֻԪһ֮漴ֶָԭǸģˡ
ҶЦһؿ⼸ͷʣתۼͱ֮ʴûˡ
󣬿ֻ˼龧˿С
⼸ͷԭ濪ʼɵĻԭת֮⼸ͷڻ֮γ˻Ԫɡͷԭٴδһ
꿦꣡
ͷԭ⼸ͷ֮ӴԪЩԭڣЩѾӷ׵ĻԭȻʼѣȻٴһͷͷη˶Ļԭ档ֻ˺ܶࡣ
Ҷ⼸ͷԭȹסڵĻ֮Ȼ֮Ƿ˹ȥ


459 
嫵֮⣬һС΢Ӱĵؽ֮С
Ҷ֮УǱзͳģ֮ǡ
֮еһڵԴ֮ģҶ󲻵ģ֮£ֱ̫Щ
ֹľ֮һͷҰ¹е˳һļɸߣȻӯ˵ϡͷ¶Ұ¹׼м۲ݡԱ߿޺ĹľкȻɳһֻ֣ͷҰ¹εذԭء
ͷҰ¹ǳĴ֫һ֮£ϱٳ˼ҶǣͷҰ¹ѪҲʮֵıʢһ̿һ㣬Ҷ漴ḧһͷҰ¹һ㵭ĽҰ¹ڡ
Ƭ֮ͷҰ¹ˣɫЩѿ
֮Уо߿ɹܹ֮ͨ޳ɾ֣ոҶȴ̽ˣͷҰ¹ھ֮һİٻ㣬ѾһֵķӡסˣʹͷҰ¹ȻȡٶҲǣѪתǿӶ޳顣
֮еԴǷǳḻģɽˮȴѾ御˸ɾ
ûзľĻƻһƽ⣬ˣķޣһض÷ӡס˰ٻ֮ϣʹЩҰҲ޷ǣӶеõˣҰһ⣬ӵ쳣ǿǡ
֮ͳģҶһ·˹ȥľ
ʵеǰԵķ˼ͳΣ˵Ѿⶼɣ״һǿս
Ҳ˼ǧͳ֮£սʿǴ壬һ¾û˿顣
ڴ˿̵֮У徫Ų˷Ҫװһģһ׳ɽϢ
Ϊ׵һģվڵ㽫̨棬ڷԡ
ΪܸߣѾʵľˡ
ʱ˻źʲôõ֮ԣҶģֻÿÿһοںŶһ쳣Ѫڵĺˡ
Ҷؿ׳ɽ޲̾ͽеĻԭ涼ȥ
Щʵϣ֪մȾ˶Ѫȴָʾһȥɱ¾顣
ϸΧ֮ת˼Ȧ֮ϸ룬ǴΧԵĿʼһڲװΧսе御˽ӣ˲ܹ޶ȵشʹٰڲܹԸˡ
㽫̨ϵڼʿĵڣıȻһӰ
һĽŤѣƿռ
һưԵ׺ݡֱӾʹʵϡ
ͷ߶ûкһͱըѳ촷ۡ
㽫̨µڶսʿȻʱʧ
ҶѾӿռ֮˳Цһƣ
¡кȻð˼Ż֮һѸеĻ֮֮Ȼ߽˿ڲ󻩡
·ѳĻԭʼ֮зɱֹ֮Ļ֮ѩһ㣬ңûܹ赲סɵٶȡ
޴ķ֮תۼͱɻ֮ʴӲؾ͸ɳ˼ټĿˣʮսʿԭ˸ɾ
һͷͷ˶ĻԭʼͣΧһͷͷħ˴͵վ֮˿޸֮о˿ˡ
Щȴʶֻԭ棬һǰ̺¾׵سȥغЩԭ档
ǱߵģĻ֮ɢ㣬֮еסȻűڻ˸ɾҶû¡
һͷԭã֮£һɵķԲȻһըѣͷԭѾըѳʮ飬ÿһڿ䶯һ֮漴ֱ仯һͷСĻԭ档֮пʼɸݣȻЩԭɸݡٴαѷѳʮͷԭ档
Ļԭ涼ڳԱ֮γ˷壬ɣҲиĻԭ淢˱졣
һͷͷξ޴ħ޺һľһ㣬شӵֱ˿޴һƬ֮仯ţһ޴ս
𣡡һͷͷħ޺ʼˣɵеľ޸һƬƬ쭣ϵ忳˹ȥ
һ֮£һ㣬һзһƬˢˢصˡ
ϵһȺȺĻԭǣҲԶŰһ㣬ֿ˲ݵѪڣʼֻת֮䣬ЩԭѾɵͷ壬һֻҵĴӱһ׳ľ׵ս֮ҵسɱݣŻ֮
ħ޺ǣеľ޸ӵйϯһ㣬ζĻ磬֮嶼նϿ֮漴ͱ׹γ֧ģɢ˿
սʿǴʱ˿̣չֳ뺷ķȻؿԼսǳƬƬرڵأȴû˿ľɫǰ̵سǰȥͶеı߱ǿķЩֲĵǹ˹ȥ
Щħ޺ȴƾΧʲô϶ûãżħ׳͵³һɻ֮ͷսʿڻɵˡ
ԶҶȴǿЩħ޺Ͱ߰ɵĻԭȴǶ㻯ġ
Ѿ͸˻֮ͷħ޺֮УȴǽһˮɫӣͷħҲ׳˶Ѿ͹Գǿļˡ
ͷħ޺˫ۻֻһζת󸫷ɱΧ֮䣬Ѿӵ˼·ζˡ
ʮͷԭ֮УʼһһɿĻ֮ʹȫɻ֣֮սʿ⵽ڻ
սʿʶˣǰЩħ޺ǸܹƥеģһȺȺսʿǳױˣӵų֮˹ȥ
ΧеĻԭʱ˿̶Ѿ׵˿ſɣѩһ㣬˷ظ˹ˣһֱλõ֮ǰΧ˹ȥ֮ѣõš
֮нһҰɫ죬ĳһ㣬˾ģҵϢŵ֮С
Ҷʱ˿ȴûΪ嵣ʲôѧоС
ҶȻͷħ޺ָһ֮£֮Уڿȡһöˮ״ӣ֮С
öˮ״ӣΧһȦĽɫ󣬶ȴһ㵭ɫĹ
Ⱥħ޺ǲȵĺƵĶȻӵѨ;磬أ
Ҷ˼һ£漴תתԴһʱҲ㲻ЩҲͲȥЩ벻ͨĶˡ
ͷɷɱݵħ޺·û˿֪һ㣬͵һȻѿʮνСһ޶ħȻԶɱ˹ȥ
ڳɱĹ֮УЩħ޺ʹԼʹ˼֮󣬾ͳ׷˿ʮͷСħǻԭ档
ҶĵؿЩεħһ£˾ſŻ֮ӣʣĻԭ濪ʼ޷Ƶٶȣʼٵʥ֮Ƿӵһ·ϷɵģܵģˮεģͳͳɣһŲ֮ͬѩһ㲻ͣعȥ
Լ֮еıӡܹѹסӡʹ䳹׵ĳΪһԲѭ״̬
ҶͶŵĻԭλҲʮֵĽһںΧķʽ˷ؼѹһɫĴڴͼе御㶨ɸݡ
ûܹ赲ɷڲʴĻӵսʿӦĻᶼûоͱɫ׵ĸǣ漴ֱ׵ͬһ֡
Լ˿̫ôҶǣһͷԭ棬૵ؿԶŰǽ⡣
ֻԭԲͣطͬħһ㣬ֻҪгԵĶһŶǲ֮
ѾѳʮͷĻԭ濪ʼ֮иٵɢڵĴ⧲֮£̾ͱȺԭûţȺĻԭϯֱ֮ӹ֮ǡ
ʮͷħںΧķʽƺƵس֮ӿذΧ˹ȥӶŸͷʼ֮ǡ
ҶʮǣѰǹ֮ǣЩħľ޸նȥȴȱڻ۶ûУ첻ѡ
Ҵڽؽٵ֮ǵĳ⣬ʼնʴ֮ǡ˵֮ʼʥǡ
֮ǵʱ֮ףȻЩԭײУҪ׵ƿﻤ֣е御ɣһʱ̻ЩѶȵġ
ӴĻ֮ҹݵ֮治ͣʴ֮Ѿ᧿Σĵزˡ


460 ʥ
֮ǵΧĳǽϣһɫİԲεĹⲨס⡣
ɫĹֿƱһ㣬һֽһһƣħ޺ͻԭκ޷׺ϡ
ʮͷԭγɵħΧ⣬ֶ˾޸Ϳֹ֮ǵڲ嶼ھֵؿΧʮͷߴɵħնųķ
ЩħֻһζرűܵʶЩ̬һ˵ıʹޣû˵ž޸ɱ˹ȥ
Ϊ׵ʴֲ֮£һͷ˸ţƥĸƼͷʸնΣͷħϽӶر֮ȴͬˮһ㣬ħ˵ֻǱһȦȦˮȻͱ˸ɾ
ܵģôܣ֮Դ컯ѹסˣǴûԭ棡Ϊ׵һͷۿͬ鱻񾪻֮£֮ǰ˿
ľȴҲûʲôЦˣ漴ͱͷħתˣӶ˾޸һͷͳնΡ
ָնϽһɫͣʴڵԪͷʷ쳣غУת֮ͱɻԴ˸ɾ
ͷħͷֶ֮ɽ޸˵쭷ҾΧĸͷ֮¶׷׻ˡ
Աһɻ춴Լķ͵س˳һħ޺Ǵոձܿһ漴ͱͷħſ³һŻ֮һԶعĻ춴֮С
ͷ˽׵ʲҺһ춴֮б˻֮ĹⲨը˿̻һ㣬½ըѳɫĲҺǱͷħ˸һȥٴα仯Ľ
֮ƽٶȴǷǳģΧ׺ΧĻԭѾȫе֮ϡرȽ֮ǵĳǽ֮⣬ӿĻ֮ʼʴųǽĹ֣ԶԶȥһͷԵʾһ㣬ͣؾ׽֮ǡ
֮ǵĶ˵λãλĬĬվߵϣųĻңڼߵսʿǡ
ϸ嵱ɴһɫ쳣ĻҰܣ૵ص
Χ֮еʵȵȣȫȻʧȥǰŰģȴһһηηսľؿĻԭ档
Ϊ׵ĴȻ˶ţ챯̾һˣȥ̳Ҫʼʥ
֮ǵĹ㳡֮Уһߴΰλã﹩֮ʼʥ
ʼʥοȥ༸죬Ŀΰò㣬۾
Χնʮ޵ķλ˶ʮ˸˿ţʮλ߽еλãҵԼλ֮漴عڼ̳ԵλãɫľȻдűߡ
λҲ˹
̳λһ¾ͼ汻ɨĸɸɾ
Ա߽Ųһλһ̴ֻḷ̌ڷһɫذףߵʮλʵǰذ׵ݹȥˡ
Ϊ׵ʽӹذףԼһһϺɫѪ˳˴λˣذ״˵ڶλʵǰҲ編ƣӵԼϺݺݸһλʡ
̳֮еĸͼѾѪ׵Ĺˣͼ֮һһǿķⲨѪɫ棬ʼԴԴسȡʮλϵѪ;
أʮλʵɫή񽥽ƺеһһš
ͨͨһһ˵ϣû˿ϢϢˡ
ȻײСԴ󣬵ͬӵи߹ѪԣԼԼľ
Աޱ̴˹һ㣬ʮλȥţԱٴ˶ʮλʡ
˽Ųʹ󣬼̳֮еķѾȼܵѪɫ̵س
̳ǰֻλվԭأؿǰҵһĻ󶦵кȻһĨ֮ɫȻ˴󲽣֮λõĴ̳棬ż̳֮УȻһ˺·¶Լˣ漴ָһץݺݵԼ֮С
Ȼץһźͮͮһɫ壬Ѫɫͣתֳ״ģΪ֮Ŀѣԡ
ʥѪ֮Ѫ֮裬֮֮꣬Զ֮ʼʥٴչǰɣ
Ͷ˼̳֮УճԼĤݵʼʥߺ

û֮£ʼֻƬ̵ĹȻ˿УȻȻˣѪɫȻһ
һ޴Ӱڼ̳ϳΣӰѾŤر仯һ͹ӵĸͷ֮Ρͷ֮νޱȾ޴ģ
ֱգһƬ޴ĸεӰס⣬ͷµķͼܵؽһȻͣתϢ
޴ĸͷ֮ǵϿ֮У˸貵ĹⲨ
һԵҶоЩʱ˿̣ΧĿռ䣬ԼԼжļ
ոͷֵһɲǣڵ֮˵ˣͶӰ棬ҲȻֻһ㣬ȴѾȫ㹻ˡ
ҶһŤ֮£Ѹٳ˿ռȻ֮С
ܵ컯Ӱһ֮£Χԭγɵħ˷·ܵƣʱһһһŭΪ׵ħȻһ֮£Χħ׷׷˾޺ɳһڻһɻɫ׷׵ػ۵ͷħϡ
µĶҵ˵Ļ֮ѾԽֱ̫Ҷγɵħ֪֮ˡ
Դмͷħ˸εذסˣһһ㣬Ÿ°һ죬ƿһ㣬ͷħ˳˵˳ֻת֮䣬ͷħͻһߴɵħˣ˫ִɽֱʣͷߴɵħֶ˾޸Ӳ˿컯ͶӰ
¡컯ͶӰϹⲨһ£һɫĹⲨͷħ˵ˣͷħ˷һʵ˴ӣת˿
ͷħһǧľˡ
ܵĹ֮Уһɹɻȴ۶һ˶ޱȵһ㣬ſѪڣϮס컯ĺ
컯ɢĹⲨȴǺʴڻħϵĻ֮ѩһ㣬ڵĸɸɾˡ
컯󣬻أͷħ˵ҲС
ӰɵĹⲨ֮Ϊģ˲Ϣ֮ɢǧ֮⣬֮еħ˾Ѿ˸ɾ
֮еĻԴѾĸɸɾ
̷Χ򣡡λ֮еһȵ
һɫӰٵػգ֮֮УѸٿʼѰǸ֮ԴףǧУ
ͷҲ಻סس˳ȥ
ʱ˿̣һͷħ޺컯֮һɨȻ˿ٴλһԭ棬ֻһԲĻҵ֮УתţȻ쬵һ·֮С
Ҷ̧һ֮£ӹöҹʵ׼Ҹط̫֮УĶȴҪ࣬ͷ춴Ѿһɵ̫գеһʼɨΧеĶ
٣¿ɾˡҶɵؿЦһ
巢ˣԼ»ᱻʣ
ҶٶȣױģȻ֮С
֮еĵϴ֮е֮ѪѾȼմ̳ϵͷѪ֮ȫѪȴǽڣ͵һѪνޡ
ֻ̳ʣһžӨ͸龧ζϸСľ⡣
ʥһͶӰҪĵľһλɾȫķ͵УһǷۻƹڸ壬κ嶼޷ƥУ
һλԣһ޷ľ޴ʧһλǼʮҲδܹһġ
ֻ̳ʣϵ龧ˣΧȻˡ
ʥǷǳһ֮ǿʥЩ֮ӵͶӰľƷЩƷʵ൱ЩǷֳһͶӰѾѰܹġ
ͶӰͲһˣҪƷҪҶԣǿá
ѪһΣٻ컯ͶӰҪķһλ𾳽ȫĵ뷨һΪЩԭ棬λʼеĵֻһ龧
֮ڵʿǳƲҵ߳˳ţʼʰԼƲļ԰
֮֮£һƬǽ壬֮Ȼܹ֮֮ĵǱȲϲġ
Щԭ֮漴ͽؾɢϸ׵Ļع֮䡣
ʱ˿̣̳еλȴĵһӰ
̳еΪ̫ߣռһ붼Ѿؽ԰ȥˡ


461 
ׯϺΰľ޴棬һӰĵؿ
ΪٻͶӰȴȻѡԼֻ龧У˸ڵĹԣա
ĴͳΪȺ޴µ龧Ҫ֮Уհǧꡣ
ڷʩĲܣϾûĸʿܹΰǣҲûһ嵨ð֮踵Ҵ龧ġ
Ҹص̴ҲǳԸɷģȻãҲеصΪ
Ҷضе龧¶һ˿Ц⡣
龧֮дλǧղأŵرĴ֮ḻ֪
˵ʵҶȥȡǺλ׳ңܹؼʱ׳ʿǶһ޵˵ȷҪ
˼켣ҶȴҲ֪Ǵҡûᣬ˼ǧĴͳ⵽˶ҡƻôϲͳΣһ츲ص𶯡
һɫȻֳˣػļ⧲Ȼеһ룬߸б⣬ôҲк
Ҷû̳ϣץλ龧
СӣȻԱߵһλؼ̳̲ȻŭסҶ
Ҷ˵ߺӰһԪɳһȭ̵ϣ¡һ챬죬֧顣
ͷļʧɫ֮£ŭһ漴׷׳еķҶ˹
Ҷ׳˼ͷԭ棬⼸ͷ˹ȥ⼸ͷæҵӦԭĵڣҶ漴Ťͷ֮زز
ǾŭׯϺΰǽϳѺۡ
ҶûԹµһ㣬ôãǴϳ׵Ĵһˡ
ҶҲ֪⼸ͷԭǸı䲻˾ƵģֻԭȻֲһͬӵо޴ȱݣûʳɳԵĻƾԪŵرǸ޷ֲŵģò˶ãܿԼڵĻԪͻĴͻᵼ½վعޡ
ͷԭҲֻܸЩһĻңԲٸϴεִġ
֮Ǽɹĵڣʼٸȴܵһ֮Уڼ޳ܵزԼսƷ
µŵرҩϣѻɽȻɹ׽ٵĳڿС
˴βսƷѪһѣҪǺݺһء
ò˵λǧµĸŵرֱ̫ḻˡʵʵؾҶһʴơ
龧֮оѾɹ׽ٵľƷ֮⣬ĶһЩҶδŹŵرǸִǧ֮ࡣ
⣬ټĺӦ֧Ҷͻɾˡ
ƣʱô򵥡ҶһƷĵһ䣬漴ԼС
ʱ򣬸ûȥˡҶһصŵر˸
һɵķȻ˹Ҷɫһ̧һѣȻԼǶᣬɫȻһ䣬̧һ֮£ʮͷԭѾɣΧһȦ
ʮͷĻԭſ˲ݵѪڣʴĶƤһһĵ³˴ŴŵĻ֮һȦȦصϱڣҶȫ¶ʵʵ
ػܹ֮ڻκεĽҲܹɵκˣƾǵǿҲҪɡ
ߺˣɣҶ
ǰƮĹӰȻҶǰӰȥ¶ͷϷӡ
վҶǰɫмŭض
ö˵ǴҶ⼸ͷԭѾ֪֮иɳֺµľҶ˳ڵ龧
֮ǸɳֺģǸ˰ɣΪ׵ǰһʵ
֮д˻Ƶģеŭ𼸺ҪҶڻˡ
֮ûôȻɳֻɫҶλΪֻڵĲʣвɵظоЩ֣һﶥҲʾΪѵǾȻΪ̶ֳȵܹô
ǲֵģҹʣʡΪ׵ҽһ£ƽɫ֮ӿĻɽ
ոͶ˻ԭ漸ֳ͵˸ոѪ˵ȱ龧ֶӵΪֱ˷ָ
ÿһ嶼޲ýҶʬΡ
ʲôҶλʵҪ̻񣬺е龧ƵĶλֱ׵ĳ嶯
ԼǱü壬ȴңⲻ˵ûʹ׼龧
ֱ޼ܴ裬½֮£λʲɱǹ¡
Ҳ˲СĴǸоԼЩͬȱµ
ҹһֻ˳Ŀص֮еǶˡ
ѵãѵãȻҲ˵ʱ򣡡ҶЦһ漴ö龧УٺЦѡ
ؿ龧˶ԷУҹһĨŭɫ漴̾һ
֮дһĨ֮⡣
Ҷ񽥽ȴâһϬס
ǵıӦԶԶֹˡҶ龧ػؾֱɱ˷Żʱôûôп˵ôЩдʿҲȱģΪֻ͡
㵽ĸʿΪ׵ҹʱߵʵ
幥ƹĴС翰Ƕ಻ʤɱɶ಻ʤֻԼҲǲ˰ɣҲö˵ˡҶٺЦѡ
ӦҲѾܹˣӦִУ֣˳磡ҹصȻĻǲ
ǺǣҵҪʶһ£廹ôҶЦһ̧һ֮£ʮͷԭ裬ʼ
Ϊֹⳡ٣ʶѾͬھľ򣬾ӵ˻ԭ棬ҲԵֵˣҹŭȵ


462 
ҶѾԵشλʵĸӦ붯ҡ
ĸ߰ԴǵǧһĴͳʶǵʥѾҶݺݵ̣һеѾɵضҡˣյǷݰ
̸ܹУѾǱҶɱеİ
ûƴľĺҶĻԭ滺תţ龧תţ΢ЦҪȻĻΪ˰صҲҷӡ׷ҽˡ
Ҷؽҿһ˰̣ʹλʵͬʱŭɫΧĿռ֮˲Ťĺۼ
ȫ㲻Ҫˡҹɫƽ
ôţܵ˼ɱ˷Ż𣬱˾Ͳܵ᣿Ҷ΢΢ЦҪҳû⣬ƷҾߡ
㣡ͷʼ˶ƤΪ׵ҹŭթ
һŭʱرɫһֻ˶ľһ㳯ҶϮ˹
һǼֱǷƱɫѡ
ҶŲæ̧־ץеĻԭ浲Լǰһڻԭϣͷԭ淢һ˻ţȫըѳһŻȻɵһ漴תΪ˻ԭ棬ţȸոոһȦ
ҶߵĻԭȻ͵ſѪſһҵɣͽȥˡ
λɫ΢䡣
թҪҪǿһթˣҶصһ仰һҲߣҲ㣬ܶλö˻ԭ棡ֻҪһĽʧЧʱֻ¶Ҫˡ
λʵϷһĨ֮ɫ
ŭ㵽ΪʲôҪô
ֻǲŶҶصҼȻ֮ǰѾǱʮͷˣȡҪԼˡ
λʻһֱۣ𿴵˶Էɥ
صƷǾܵģֻƷ
һƷ
Ʒ
ǺðɣһʮƷ
ҹҶ۷·̲Ұŭ
ҵĵߡҶ¶һ˿Цص
Ҳǵĵߡҹصȵǰδеʧ˵ܴ裬ϲ
ɪ˻񶷼һ㻥ŭĿӡ
ãҶ˵ͷãƷ˵ģ赽ָλãǾˡ
λãصͷϣܹسŵ
ģһ򶼺سŵģһҪǿöࡣҶһЦ
˵Щթ֮֮ҶҲģ˵ʵڻû뵽徹Ȼܹݾˣǰλ뼸ʮλһΪ컯Ȼ⼸λµٴ֮ޣ˼ƷֹҶ
嵥ֻǱѪƴҲˣƫƫ̣ʵҶз
˵ֻ־ᶨ̵ܸɵóԲ֮Լ˲̣ôԴ˾Ϳ֪ˡ
ʲôԭ򣬾Щ徹Ȼܹأ
Ҷǳ벻ͨʮֵ벻ͨЩȻƣҲҪÿĥģʮĿ޾Ȼ˵ͷˣȫûе顣
벻ͨ飬ҶҲȥˣԾȰȻǼƷӵ˵һжѺ
źޣǧ㣬ֻӰǱͷδǷ粨񣬱˼·ѡ
ҵǿ֮Уʯӡ
һ˷ླڻҵʯ֮зٵشţбȻƷĵ䤱ʯ֮Ѱš
ΧȴӰͿռŤĺۼзĲ
صĶթʵǽƻޱȣһͷһ·ϽƵƹʯҶڵļһϢ
ǰʯкȻһһƬ˳ǰ
͵ͣ˽Ųǰӻļһ
ǰӻʿȻǸ壬˿ϣȴһϻԴһͷԵģı󣬻һβ͡ͷ޵ΪƴҲصΪѡ
ǸӻģΪ׵üʵ
ҾǸӻġͷֵͷǰһվѶңͿˡ
ɫеĺӵݸͷͷҡͷβؿźӾߡ
ߵ˰;֮УͷȻʲôץץͷƤתͷյŶˣ˻ر𽻴ˣλһ·ٹʵˣǻؼȥϴϴ˯ɡ
䣬кȻһǿҵĲΧĿռг˿˿ѺۣҪը˿ӰЩ˳
С
ʮͷʱһǻŭ𣬼ҧڵݣܵļһʵ̫ƻթˡֱһļթƻȻһͷͨӻ
˵仰֮ת󲽳֮ȥˡ
һʿص׷ǲ׷
һĿޱ飺׷ƨѵҪСǸĻ쵰ֻҪˣ϶жǺò˴𰡣
ҵضһ£ԱһӲʯҳΪйŭĶ󣬿֨һ𵴳촷ۡ
ˣεжʧܡλѾ޳˻춴ʺ޵üҧгݡ
Ⱥֻܴͷɥŭˡ
ڰҶȴںٺ͵Цѡ
ôܹԼĵˣתһǳɹ顣
ͷȻ֪СȻûзԼѾӹһ٣ֻֻյǿεţе˰·ϵʱҶȻ˳ס
һȻԼˣʱһ
ˣҪĶѾˡͷͷħϹϾվҶǰ
ͷһСϳưԵЦɽֵģҶ׽˹֮һ֮ͨ󣬽䳹շֽӦĻ
ɵúܲҶӹӣЦеͷԴͷħʱеЩܳ
ǸĽҶȡһСĵҩݸͷħ
л˵ʹͣͷϲ̵ؽ˹ЩҩҶڴԪķţҲÿˣò˶þܹĳɾصΪʱ˴ڸľԼĳΪһˣ


463 λ
ĿͷСϲص뿪֮ҶǰһӣظоӴ
ȻͷϾȻĶŷ˳âҫķ
ţѩõĹҲ
˳ⷽ棬챾Դһ֮£ӡɢ˿¶ƷֱһȨȣһսһս
Ʒ⧲֮£ʱͱסˣһعסﲻͣ͸š
ϵʱоѹӰȻ淢һ񷴿ŭ
ǱȨΪ˵ã޳֮䣬Ӱڿռ֮Ծ
üһȻһɱ͵ľƷҶһ
ҪôûģңҶͣؽһŵĴ洢˴ʥˮľڵĳǧֵĴʥˮȼգش߷תϸ˿ĵ˵졣ͬʱס
һŭˣǱҪģΪʲôҪôǣ
ǻ뷴ǾҪԱûҶٺЦͷһϼⲪȻŷĶܲ
ʹԼŲ£棬֮
ϵ鶼׷׵ط쳣ˣҶȴתɣһֵ͵ĽɫⲨУ޷ѡ
ֻͨѻ⣡͸׵շǵ꣡ңҶüкȻһ״ĺڶһѻ֮⣬ͷ档
ֻת֮䣬ֻͱسȡеǡ
Ҷָᵯһ£Ѫͷ棬ϸСĽɢȫµλá
Ť˱״ɢ˻һ֮׵ĻһƬɫüë۾ģҶģˡ
ͬҶһѾĵ֮С
ֵѾ飬ʶѾʮֵǿԶԸ
ҶһŰϣݼˣ
Ѵ֮תۼˣҶЦ
õƷ֮ҶЦ֮󣬴ǻС˵־ضһƧ֮С
ͬʱбĻԴͷҲѾƽϢʮͷ˶ޱȵĻԭ濪ʼ֮Ű
ܵ컯ѹ֮Щԭ涼ۼһλãȻЩ˼еĻԭ濪ʼɣ֮ʼճ׵ĹޣعȻ
Լϣ˻Ӻӣʮͷԭ汻У˶ߵ״̬ٲ͸һЩԭ
ֻԭǲܹߵģֻҪһͣɣôԭò˶þͻ᳹׵Ļɻҽɢؼ䡣
Ҷǡúͻ֮γһ΢ѭʹת֮£ױסĻ֮ɢ޵˽һ㡣
ԵеʱֻҪųԭ棬κζֶĶӣ
ɢ֮Ļԭ棬֮ȽȽ֮ʼ½γɴء
ֻǣĿ
عأޣǻԭޡ
Ҳǻԭ֮Ļֻǲһ˲䡣
ɾɾΪĸҲ֡
֮ʵҲл֮صģһ֮Դ罨ľն֮֮֮ģֻ֮Դֱ֮κδֶҪǿ¡ҹģҪκδĻ֮ԴҪ󣬵⴦֮ȴ֮ͱʼʥ컯񸫸ѹסˣй©Ҳûлԭ档
ʼʥ컯ʱҲҪѹ֮ԴȴһҲѡ
ʼʥµĵڶû˻֮Դͽľѹƣ己ܵٶȼֱ޿ƥУв
Ȼʼʥʾ֭ѹסˣǧѹҵڻǱҶˡ
ҶԮ֮£ЩѾ˵ĻԭѼֱͬѩһ㣬ϢãԭѶħһ䣬޷ݵĸϯĵ̡
ٻʼʥͶӰһȻԪ˵³ᵼҲһ
Ϊǧɳʵ̫֮࣬ûһ岻ᵽҧгݵġǧµĳԹ֪
һγ޴⵽ɱһؼëѼѪֻǵһ۶ѣֵ˵ڶӦˣǵĻ֮ԴѹסҶȴ֮µĻԭ档
ԭڵĻ֮Ǵ治סģֻͨϵ飬ܹԭеԻԭȻվ̫á
ǼɵҶеĻԭ棬һƨˣֱݺݵ٩һʼֱҶ̻˵ĶˣΪ磬ȴֲòӲѹŭֻƾҶҿڣҪˡ
˼ãλҲѾӦҶλҲûУֻ˶ΣȡƷĵ͸Ҷ
ҶҲܽƷ֮ȷ֮ѹȻ󲻶ϵ̽ȷ֮
֮ܶһεǹȥˣڻԭ֮£ѾʧصѾʧȥ˼Եֻͣԭش
ʱ򣬲һλˡҶ۾յص
תĨԼеĺۼ֮󣬻һϸСİ׹֮С
ڣһƫƧ֮ϣҶĬ֮һһֹ⻪תš
ʮĵҫ貵Ĺ⻪
Ƭ֮ȫѾ׵γһȶĿռ䣬۲ĺǺۼסլַȻйסѾչ˳ûγ޵ϵѾˡ
ܹ³ֵֺģ֮⣬ûܹɵóˣѪȵħҲܣħܵ˵ֻǷԼıܣֻҪǳԱˣ½ݣȴǽԼ֮е嶼ԼļƷ
ҶһҲԼ˺֡
˵ҲӦõıӦ֮в֪жٵΪֲŲһ
缦ӣ缦лơ³½ҶĬĬ߶仰


464 ͻλ
ɽ֮ѾԼԼûʹĿռ˼鶯ֻЩȴΪСͽף͹ʲôв
Ҷ̧ͷغһɫ
ԼѾܹˣ׼λ
νλǰһ編ģҪ֪κηԴͷһ㣬ɾĸǸжиԵ⡣
Ʃ˵ƽΪľԪ֮еһ㣬һ룬ϺͣȻǽͶӰ߻Ҳ磬֮֮Ȼġ
ɹȴԼһ׵⣬Ϊģ˼һλ֮࣬ѪԼķֻҪҵǿķȻһ·׷Դȥܹҵĵλá
ǹ˵˵λͻĵĳҲǸִһʣҶЩȨǸִһʸͷǣԾ׵һȥˣԼ
񣬻ԭȴǸ
һ˰ݣзֻдӼ˵Ѱҵƽ㡣
Ҷ˵⣬ԭһֳǶռɵģն·
κοռ䶼һĵλá
ͺñ̫ͼ֮ĵһ㣬ֻôһ㣬ʸƿһġ
Գħʥˣλһ֣һԪΪģƲݡ
λ֮󣬷һԪϣΪΪһ磬ǽ
Ҷﲻ֪˶ãȫķӿ糱ʱʱسӰ
͸һ֮еãֱӳա
н˸һϵĹâֱ䳤գһ֮Ѳβͣ
ãҶƵغһڳȻݵԪһһ֮䣬ͣϢ漴ɢȥˡ
λΪҶüģɾλ֮ԼȫϢ͵ϣɶԪ޴ҲȥԼķ벻ˡ
ֻǳɾλķѵʵ̫ˣҶε̾Ϣһƾã׾ٵؾҵλ֮ģҪͻȴѡ
ȻѾλҪɾλȴҪķټ
ɾλֻԼǶϣҪɾͽԼķһϱǶϣƽ;ܹ֮ôͻ˻춴ΪҪԭ;һڻ۽ķԪȻεģؾ磬ľѾԲˣȴʼնǷȱؼһ
ûǹؼͶӰҲһţؼʱ̳ͻƾ硣
ͻƵʱƽҪȾҪǿһΪһͬأͻ˻춴ɹȴһֱؽϣƽ̳һѣƾɹûҪȸǧͻػ춴磬ʵʵһѡ
ԼȴҪԼˣ˵ˣƽҲǿһؿ궼ûͻơ
Ȼеģȱǲܹ˻ȴ̾ͳɾ
Ҷ˳˼֮Уվһ͸̬ĺӣһƬǶУתݣһ˫ȴɲĺڶһ㣬·ܹ˵˽ȥȳϲִͣޱߵɱ
ӲǱˣҶ֮㻯˼״ֻ̬صͨҶ׵ļҴһֻص
ֻص˫֮кںתüȴһټۣɢɫĹ
Χκд޿һ㣬һֻ̾üмֻۣһڹֳƾΪٸҲᱻֻ͸е꣬ʵƥ
֪˶ãҶȻֱֱ֮С
Ѿһλ֮УԴĵط
һԴĵط˥֮ܵŷǣΪ³ҵ֮Уµ֮Ͽ֮С
Ҷתڵķ۾Χ䣬һԪķƺԼͣؿʼת
ģģǴ˵еģסˣλ֮ԪҺ
ҶһǿҵȻˣһλʱķ籩
ΧԪ·΢Ľ࣬΢ظԼĺɵĽ࣬˵ˮĴԴӿ֮ռѾĺۼ
λʵ̫СһЩԼԶһģһӿ籩
򣬻عȻҶһ漴̧һָҵվָ˹
˵֮еλ֮ڳ׵ͻˣ
ҶüͷȻָ̧ͷһΧһХ쫷ιؼһ͡
ͻؾˣҶЦһ³һΧХ绢
漴ֽٵΧռ֮Сͣؿʼĵת
֮󣬾ǽɾͽ֮ƽ̺;ѳɾ͵һػ춴
Ҷ£еļ룬ԼȻ֮иô߰飬Ҳ÷ص֮ȥˣʡ֮еɴƮΪԼ¡
֮֮һ磬ȡᣬǽΪ

ɽ֮ڣϰϰɽһ۵ȪཹཱུðˮȪˮʿеζΧɴŮӣȥΪá
еһȪ֮У꣬ΧʮΪŮڷ̣Ȼݵλĸߡ
˸ϵľƱһڣĪ٣˲̰ɣ˵Īɵ̣Ȼƽ̵Ů
ԱһĪٹЦƱһµҲȲ޸ͨ찡ץħŮǺǣ´ȥ͵ħˣ̫ɲ඼תˣЩбͶǵ£ȻٲТ
ԱߵŮӣʾ뿪һ£ЦǺǣ̫֮л֮ԴһΣȺĻԭд˳֮еĲСɶˡ
ǵϢʱˡһ
Աߵ߹һµӣЩ䣬ԱŮķ֮£ȥ۷Ȫ֮У˵ûУһСӣոȥһ˳Ļ֮Դ׽˲ٵĻԭ棬һ֮Դͷ


465 竴
Աߵ߹һµӣЩ䣬ԱŮķ֮£ȥ۷Ȫ֮У˵ûУһСӣոȥһ˳Ļ֮Դ׽˲ٵĻԭ棬һ֮Դͷ
һһʱˣ̵ŮɫףеĹ̺;ƺЩ˵ϡ
⼸Ů̫֮ѳģ̫챬ĻԪ֪֮
˼֮еһжӰ˼֮˻ĽˣɽҲ⣬ֻɽ֮еֶԻ֮Դıչֳģ޴֮ԴģһȲЩ磬޴֮еֶħѣֵƱ
ЩԴۺĴȴΪԴḻħ嶼ΪԴǻҽһвĻԭ֮ײУκʿ޷ģɾĸԻԭ棬ΨһƾǱܵÿѡ
ھȻܹˣһץʮͷԭ⵽Ǻεȵͨ
ٺĪ˲Լͬػ˻֣Աɫɷ׵Ůȥ
ԸһƣʵϯִõϢ
ȻǴлǮ򵽵ġλϯ˾Ʊһڣ̫Ȼ֮ԴѾˣ̫ҪϴƣʵеȵˣǼסʵĴɳƤء
ĪĲͷصϯ֣ǲ̫е飬ҪСӵ顣
ϯٺǺһЦ˾ƱСӣҲǳ˻֮Դ֮漴뿪ˣ˵֮б˻֮Դٺ٣֮۵Ķҵһǳһ׳ţΪ˽֮ԴһٶλʣòѪٻͶӰŽ⡣
˻
ڳ˶һλ˱˴еľ֮ɫ
޲ҡҡͷ
ǵ̾ϢΪҶмһĴֱʣΪ׳ʿĺ
һԼ壬Ա϶ҲǸĺݶ֮壬ⷽͿԿԭˡ
λߵĴ٣˿Ҳɵضصĸ֮⡣
ܹȵʹɱԿɼҶѾȵʲô̶ˣƾĻֶκͲ⼸λͬߵĴܹġ
Сӹݣ飬󣡡Ī۷϶֮Уһ߾⣬һڳɵ˱еľƣҧЦҩŵرͨҶȱҾϲĶֶ춷ض˶Ž
ҹƣСӵΪҲڳλ߲ȥԱߵһھˮصٻɣĹ֮п϶ȱݣɾһ㣬˲𣡡
ԱһյŮص٣СΪߣ㲻ΪΪʲô
ٷ˾ƱȴǵһЦǺǺǣһλɾĸܹɳЩǲΪ棬ҲȻģһλصĸܹɳִ˵˴˲Ļ˵ãҲս޵Ҫ֪飬Һλٶûиɹ
ԱߵĪپ˾ƱһҲûлɡ
λٶ֮ӣ嶼ǼλٴλҲֻûлְˡԱߵһŮɫشһ䡣
˵úãͣ
ƨνĵõôĸͬʱٺٹЦŮǺܻ˵һҲĺ׼һɫĴ֮£Ѿ׵˵ǵĿȥˣʵһЩһŮС
Ƕıش١ԱߵϯٳĴָѾˣصĹһ£СӶҲλΪвĴҪȻĻҲôĻǵôˣһݣ弸֮
ʲôɳִأԱߵĪ۾˵Ʊʵ
еľƱȪˮУɫصصܹ֮ԴģʹԭҲֻд˵еǧ֮һеĵˡҪȻĻСӾҲԻᱻ࣡

λĴ΢΢۾һۣ˴˼䶼˶Էе̰
ɲɣٳʵ֮֮ĵܹͨõţʲôֵ
ϯ΢΢һУûָһ󣬿֨һеľƱѾɳ䵽ˮϡ
Īٵصܹһ´˵ͨҲǲˣͨޱȣյͨ͵һϴٺ٣֮еҲͲòôѾˣһʲôչǰ
ò⴫˵еͨ˳ûһ壬ҲǸѡ񰡣ԪˣĪϼ̻ᣬʩѹһΣĪĦԼ°ͣһĨ㲻Ƶļ黫֮ɫ
Сӿɻ룡ԱߵϯٵһۣˣǸƴһҪٴŭһλѪɲǼֵ̻ܵˡ
屾٣ٺ١ĪٺٺٹЦһ漴Ҳôһ˵ѣǲô˻ץŮ棿
λ޳ܵİٻһ֮漴ͬʱЦ
޵磬Ȿһ޷ĵط
ɳ֮С
λٺƺƵڴϣ֮˾ܿλٵķâ
Ƭ֮ͬʱһݵ֮ݵӲʰΪ࣬һᦡ
ǿ֮λȴһŰ衣
ݵĿΪͨԱ߹һײᦶȴǶһСߣĿڱĿһ㡣
ϵȴһɫĹǣ沼ǵĺɫƣԼЩƺͼģ
ϣˡ棬ؿڵ
ɱĿһ㣬š
ϣǵһġΪ׵شһ˦֣һӨĵҩѻСɽСص
۾ǰŰĴүһ
竴٣ȪԡܵͷҪʲôǰߺɵ˵ҩص


466 ·
شٿڵҪϴǸʹԭ海ҵļһ
ǸСӣ
һߵɫ΢䣬Ƭ̣ȡһƴСĽɫĹȡöϽǮ˹֮Уҡһ¡
˸׭ĿʼٵתڹλãȴһƬɫ
ɫһݣ漴ϼĦһһɫĹⲨҫ˸ٵתγһټӵͼ
֣ô㲻üͷеǮ漴ֻ˻Ρ
˶Ĺ˸ҵĽɫ˿߿ʼƲݣл˻ɫͼ
ɫؿẒ́漴̾Ϣһ
Ǹˣλ٣ҵİԵͨдʮ漰˶ԷԸҵֻصĵȵĴͨҶ޷˵߱Ŀ
ԵͨȻʮֵ£ܹˣܹգƿһ磬Ҳ޵Уһ˶ͨܵߵߵĥˣֻصܹͨתĿ꣬飬ͻҵֱͨӶֽ⻯ɢ
ԸͨǾ͸˲ˡֱӾԸеԸ֮
߳˼ã˫Ŀضⷽ壬þòɫľȻһ˿Ի󲻽⡣
ĪٳΣ漴ѯʵϿСӾ֪ͨͨͨŴͨҲǷˡ
ҵֻصҸոƳġһۣ⻬羵ĹŻ粻ĽɫлкɫС
ֻص޴Ĵͨչֶͨ
˵зһ˿˼֮ɫɵ̾Ϣѡ
λͬʱһ˴˼䶼˱˴е̰Ҫ֪žͨͨȻСӶˣ
˵ɫͬʱߵһ֮£еҵ̰ûжƣǿ
λٶԣͲʲôΣգһѾ͵ߵķˡ˵ʵȫܹ£õֱ캦˳Ӧ
ȴǺǵɫֻĿ֮˵ҩһųɫ۾Цˡ
ȻռʧܣΪһշȴ˻ȥģȻһʮּªӵĵݣΪȴɣִŰԵ֮ͨлһϵطܹһɵˣʮֵĴ
λٵıǺպĴԴԱϵĴ
ǧеֻͨǶԵ˵ѣԵеͨȴܹʹһɵ˾ϾʵǺ
طȻĴҲǺܴΪʩչطԼ˺ԣȻǹһˣֻҪɴһ˵ߡ
λȻۺҲҵͨ㷨ߡ
Ϊ׵صϵ֪飿
ɲôʱ䣬вںʮλͬĿĵʿǰϷơ߰ںԼĹ壬۾â䣬˹صϧǣСҲթĺţһֱԼصʵʵġ
ҡͷ̾ϢһһĨĽɫҪ֪ҶϵЩͨɶʮĽľͨŵ϶ܹٴ̨ˣ˵ֱܹƿշɽ֮ȥˡ
Ļ䣬ȴǺȻһֱִ̻ͬһը˿ǰİ˸ͬʱٷתγһټС
зһĨ죬æǰ̡˫ּٵصĦ
һŵӰڹۼ㼯һͼֻϺȻѿȻ⸱Ѿܲĳ
Ƭ֮ɫָ˵ӵѾķ˿öǮҲѾ˻ҽ
ԼˣЩ۵һ
òλǵǲСӸոͻλ磬ϳѺ©Ƶˡɫأеľγ̣ص
λ˴˼䶼˶ԷеĿϲ̰
ƵذŪǮصλҲҪģСʵڲǺöԸģҪҪͷҰռһ´˻صʤأ
ǺǺǣˣϵĵҩŻսءش̧ץϢЦһתȥ
ͬʱһߣԶŶȥˡ

ǿ֮Уһ㵭Ľ߮š
ûۺԴΪܣֻ½һؾѰˣǾĻؼȥɡ
Ҷ̧ͷգһͻλ֮оЩ
ͻλһ̣ʧ֮£ʧȥ˿ƣѾתΪӵԵͨһʱȾһ궯һʱоԼ·˿һ°㣬ǺͨѾϣ漴תͨߵеһԷܹ㵽ڵλãֻҲ޷ˡ
ǰȻһƬɫĻڵסԼ۾Χһʱ䱻ᡣ
ҶǰȻӰüͷ΢΢һ壬аȻ
Լǰ˻ŽۣڣͷʹڣһϴźڵźͰ
ͷ϶һټУΧԪҲܵǣÿεüۡ
λסңΪҶֶȻ
ȻҪ͵׽׽ָɳô飬ʮֺ˵ƢθΪ׵ӵЦΡλĪλϯƺףδ̣մ
Ҷֶ赭дȻ
εһֵǺ˼ⲻǵֵɣ
Ƽˮ꣬α֪֪סҶһЦλûʲô飬¾͸ˡ
˵Ϊͣб뵣ƺҲ̲Ʒĵ
ҪߣûôףĪȻһЦһ֮£һӨ͸ɳ裬պȻǵ㣬һǺݺύ
ΧĻԭվȻǿһĳ
ҶһȣͷתķΧķֽ⻯Դ֮
ҪסңŶûУҶһЦȻһɴػ
ȭΪ׵ٱһͷȽȽˣһӵƽ̨ԶʱĴĶͷ̨һ㡣


467 綾
Ҷͷ棬һ޴աչֳ˹ӵ壬磬ɽƺλ׭һͷʮֹϵޣۿҶ·ڿһ񼫵һ㡣
ͷ޵һעӣҶоԼ·˲䶳סһ㡣
Զޣ˵Ǹ֮ޣԹƫУǼ𣬵̨׭̵ͷ޾ޡ
һ͹Ӿ޴աȻƿЯһ⣬Ҷҵն˹ͷ͵˼㣬ҪҶ˶աһ㡣
¡
ҿҶһȻ̧һΣȻһ󺺣󺺻ᣬתϧһչͣȻһ̡
󺺣֮Ҷͨɵ׳˶һȦƸͣҶ칦񸫵㻯ɵ
󺺵֮кȻһͷɫĸ̵ĵۣȴǴһɳİ͵ӭһա
꣡һ칦ӭա¶ײ֮£ͬʱĺաǳѺۡ
һֶ˾޸ͳ˹ȥйһ쭡
һ칦񸫣Ҷʶ컯Ӱ֮̾ʶˣ尴컯ͶӰľɱ¾Ĵ
칦񸫱Ҷת㻯֮󣬱󺺣ʮֵãʵ̬ڼʶ컯֮󣬶ͨͶӰӡ֮Ҷ漴ƶµһӡھ󺺵ϣͨ̾۷ľ磬ԭȵ֪˼ٱ
Ҳ㻯ʵʵģ
Ȼܺ컯ͶӰѾԲɱ¾ѾԶԶʤոյա
ȻеŵȻֵܹסҵա޵칦񸫣Ȼܹ־硣ôģ
Ҷ³һ칦񸫵Ӱתݣ淢˵͵͵ɱ¾
ݣһ֮£Ϣĸ֮ռ価룬ĴλүЩľĸо
󺺻ž޸ҵն˹ȥһš
ţҶͷٴγɫ⣬и񡢱Ԫ񡢴ԪԪĴ֮£Ī١ԪԪǳϯ١
λͷĴĳԾˣܹһŴͼŴͨռ̬ǣܹ䳹ɱݻ̬Щֲˡ
칦񸫻ɵĴսͣͷ֮վиһѺλеҲͰԵΪóڿŲƣһʱ䱻󺺸ɱѽѷ֣Ҷи𡢴̡ɡԪȴǽһʮĬ󷨣ĪΧס˷ٳҲǿס
ҶȻɫĹⲨһһħֺȻ˹͵طһֽС
ɣλͷһһֽз·֮һʹԪ漴һתͳϯٳ˹ȥ
ԪӲʮǺû⵽˺ԪȻ֮ѰķҪ˺Ҳǧѡ
ϯٴֲ£ͷԪһչ֮·תſһ裬һһ֮緢˹ϯٴֲɻɵ֮һ¾ʹ˸š
һԪԪ𵴿ת˳Ȼתķͼϵ֮
ǳ䣡Աߵϯۼž綾ԪҲ˹һĨ壬˫һ֮£ͷ϶Ȼǿձ任ģˣλζ£Ҷǰɫ䣬˫һӶ
һƴӻӾ£䷢֮鲼ΧҶȻǳƸݡ
Ҷǰз·һ㣬ʱһƬڰѾһƬֲָ֮С
Χǳǳ֮£תۼͻһ
һͷ״񣬹ֽһ˫£һ֮£һֱ۵ǳ֮ɣƿճ
ҶɫأȻ̧һָһǹ買Ȼ˳ӭǹⳤ
ֵ鷢ˣǹⳤײ֮ţ뺣һ㣬ת֮ͱȥ
ӵӴʵ˼֡
ţһͷǹҡŷ׳ǳһƣ޴ɽİƳҶҵػӻ
ǱҶǳһ֮£ǹܵתۼͳױ˿Ҷ֮еǹӵʵˡ
Ǵ˵֮еͨôȻʶһ£жȻһֻݺݵץֻ
Ҷɫһ䣬Ȼ˦һָǹȻ˿һƵʾ
ֻ꣡ץסǹһɲǣɱǹݺݴϡ
ĳСӣȻһŭ
Ҷʱɫ䣬Ȼ̧һתӱһڳһָһ
꣡Ļʱи˺ѳһ޴Ŀӣ¶ԭա
ԶȵؿҶԱߵؿŴŴϯ٣ϯٵǺӾӱˡ
ҲҶɫʱ䣬ͷϺȻһֺڰתݡ
ռ֮һعⲨɢ˿֮ΧĿռ͵򶼱Ϣس׸ʴãһɷҷ֮󣬵ϵһʯȻϢؾôڻˣһҶû£˻ҽ
ɫ΢䡣
ʲôͨ綾䡢ң񶾵ͨΪ׵ٱһкȻһŽƷˣһ֮£ΧкȻ˾ξ޴Ĵշ裬˴Ȼ֮ɾ綾֮ʣ̵ˡ
򱦸ʿֵĴʥˮ֮ҩģרףǧɵģȻȲҶףԪ񣬵ȴרſƾ綾ͨ
ȴƲס
ôһƬҴ֮Уתۼͱɻ˸ɾһ֮£ʮͷԭԳԭˣһͷͷԭ淢֨֨ؼУͬʱλ˹ȥ
ৣҶкȻֳһɫĳŻɫҵۻĽ¼һ㡣


468 ֮
һ磬ǣթ
飬һ̵֮£ºȻըѵĻǣһ޷ݵѭŵĿ϶Ѹڵλã׺ݵһǣȻ쳣ֵļĻ··𱻺Ȼסһ㣬ȫ°ɫαӿϸϸѺۼˣ棬ķը˿ӿĵӿ
ͬʱ𣬴ӿ
Ҷ񽣣ƮƮ
ڽҳᵽ˼֮󣬲Ŵ˳ˣϼ֮Ҳзĸ֮
֮ԶԶʤ˻֮ʴ
֮Ҳ֮񽣡
Ҷһ֣ȻͷϵƷĵ龡ơ
ƮƮҶ֮ˣѾ٣ıԴ֮УȻǾƷıɱȻֻҪҶܹܹ֮°ձԴ֮ò˶þͻ»ָ
ôܣӵͬʱʧɫͬʱɵʧе
ʧƷҲν˶ǲƴֵҶȴһ֮£Ʒ飬мȵ𾪣
ǽ˭ҲҪߣҶһöһ֮£ڿлһĲӰ⡣
ת˲֮䣬ҶλٵǰһҺϣͬʱ˹񵶣ӵһӿλͬʱ˵֮С
ৣɫĹͬʱȰ˺գڷ˵ˣͬʱʹ˶ľ롣
¡
ҶеĹʹˣնǧٵɫĵת
ȴǽʵʵذһȭ⧲֮²ҽһһѪ˵УΪߣѾλ۷壬ЩȻҶһƣڼҶй񵶵ĵ˺ейˮһкֹ
һ˲ɳǧ֮⣬ĹⲨʲϢĳʱ;شвֹеĵҩҪǮһԼֹסԼռ֮пкֹķ
ĪٺϯͬʱҶһǹ񵶣һŵɫĵתݣ֮£ʹȫݣزҽкˡ
ȥɣҶһڳ̧һָ
ɫ͸ĳмλһɫ۵ĽܹžſŻӣγ˾Ÿ̫ͼΡ
ɫĳڿŤţ²һһš
ӵɫֵؿҶе²ݵĻɫпʼ΢΢Щˡ
벻˵ȻôѲɫš
Ҷһȣȭȭգӵȫ֧顣
һ޹ĺӰȻ쳣ӴӿķһɲǼͽΧеķͷ˸ɾ
ҶȫȻһ飬·һ޵׶һ㣬ָоֻƽ̺;ɹͻƻ춴ʱŸܹ
֡һɫⶸȻ˹֮Ӱһ֮£ֳ̧Ҷһָ
Ȼһ˶Ļ춴ռ䱻˲ŤȻסҶһǡ
˶Ļ춴֮кȻһָֻ֣һ֮£Ҷ˾Ȼϵľص˳ȥֻ춴֮кȻ̽һֻ˶ľָ֣ݺץҶĹ񵶡
Ȼ춴ĸѾҶеĹ񵶡
漴ҶͷϵһתΧķ˿ˣһ֮£ֻֽǧ£˸顣
еңңָԶλ·ٵ竴٣λٶʱɫ䡣
СǼжȻһȡ
һȣλүǰȻһټĻ춴һ֮£ΧԪȡ˽ȥˡ
л춴ʱʧ漴һӡ
һӳǰʮ͸ߴһſǰص
СӣҲʲô·Ȼ˺Ǽڰϵ£ҿ㲻
ƨҶЦһǸɫ䣬ŭҶ
Сӣͳ˵ֻҾҪɱЦһԼϸСĻ춴ת
ӾȻֻ춴۷ΪĻ춴Ѿϸ־أ
𣿡
Ҷ˿壬Цһеңңζһ£ΧжȻɳʮͷԭ棬ΧŻ
ǡԭ棡Ҷǰɫ䣬ŵؿҶеĻԭ档
ҶٺһЦеһͷԭȻ³һŻ֮ӱȶһŻ춴ȥڵĻ춴̱˻ɫ
СӣңӴʧɫȻ¶˺֮ɫ̧Ƶһ֮£Ѿ֮ȾС춴Ѿն䣬漴Զ
Ҷн磬һɵʮ֮еʮС춴ը
ӵɫҶһȥǧķ
ڳλٵɫɫ䣬ǰĳɵգգ۾벻⴫˵оȻġ
֮ʲôȻӵ֮ӸӦ渽ͻɵɫ΢䡣
Ǽֲκͨ޷ľȻ֣ͨ˵ʵֲ֮ˡ
ӵɫ粻Ҷߵĳɵɫ䡣
֮ô˰ɣСӡ߰ɡһĲĵ٣صþգ²Ҫ̫ˣ
Ҷ֪ҲκβŮӣֻ漴һת漴ͷˣᶼᡣ
˵Сôܹڻ֮ԴݺȥԭȻóĨһ亹λǻǶȥ˰ɡ
ôŹСˣĪٲĵؿҶӰ޺޵ص
ӳҲ޷֮£Сӵ֮ͬСɣ쳣˿ϳ֣˭Ҳκ
λʧĴɫȵĲ죬תߵӰ١
Χٴλָ˼ž״̬
ǿƣ˶ڸָʵķ϶ǲмһ˵ģеƫʧƫʿǲָͬ䡢֮ķոӵչֳĸսţƤһʹҶʱһĪչ


469 ƽ̵ĺô
Ҷ֮ת˼Ȧ֮ȷĨԼеĺۼֱӾͷص֮ͨС
λ٣ǸӵܣҶĹ۲֮£һﶼǼɲر
䵽޴֮ҶֱӾͷɵ֮С
һһŮӰӭƮƮɾ¡
Ҷɵ¶һ˿Ц⣬ǣĳֻһɾ¡
˹ǸֵӣһҶļ򣺡Ҷ
ϳʦ㡣ҶһЦͬʱ˱ζصϲλ޳ˡ
ֻ΢죬Ҷһۣ漴¶Ȼ֮ɫ
ûüϲơֻȻһЦ
ҶЦǸɣ쵽պҳһɡ
ֻѾ˵£Ѿ˷ླΪ
˵Ҷ֮¶Ѿ˼ĸɲ⡣
Ҷ͸˫޵ͨʹö˵Ϊһ۷ľأѰʿѾǵĶˡ
ڵڶʿҲҪᣬǵϲһ´ݡ
ףԼзŮСͯڿЦһƬϲͣůڵġ
Ҷ漴ͷص֮ͨУٴΰݼƽ̡
ȻѾɾλƽüͷ΢΢ףҵҪǿˡ
ƽԵظоҶ˿ֱǿ࣬˵ʲô漰˸˵˽⣬ֲ̫ѯʡ
Ƴһۣʵ̽һ¹Ϣˣ
壿һˡҶȥΧǿգһ·ɱġ
һꣿֲɱôˣ۾Ρ
֪ҶԱȽǫѷģǸϲ˵󻰵ˣȻܹô˵˵ʮİˡ
ͬģҶҲϲôϲûж˵ƽҲöЩˣܹ˾ͺˣһжѺ
漴͵˵ͷ϶˺ܴˣҲضʣҶ˵ѵģ㲻˵ʲôҶš
Ҷûж˵ûټʣҶϾ˽Ȩ֮䶼Ĭ
λʱ򣬴ûչһ״ӣƽȵضԴÿһӣкôҲлôûƫ磬Դһ֮ͬƽȵĻ֮йƽƽȶԴģƽ̶ĳ洫ƫһЩҲڻ
ǾĻҲɺᵼķѿˡ
ǣ˹ؼʱ̣ƽȴǸ޷ЩӣЩڳɳ֮󣬻Ӱ쵽ĵλᾺλá
˵Ҷڣƽ⣬̫˽ĻҶֱӾͿѡ񲻴
ҪҶΪͽҲˣΪҶѾ̬ϽԼƽ
֮Щ̷Ϻ֮ҲǴ˼ģƽλãͬҲһ֮ģƽ̵ĹǿƣͨȨıټƽ̵ĵλַǵ棬Ҳֵƽ̵λԼڳ󲿷ֵʱС
ڵѹǱĬ֮Уǲ֪ؾͳΪƽ̵ˡ
ɴ˿ɼƽ̵˸׺ˡ
Ҳɴ˿ɼƽ̵ľ֮п֪
Ҷ˴εõƷָ£ָĸɾûзָƽһ
ƽ̶ʼɵڸڵģȴ޿κΣϾǵԼѡ
ҶΪչˣҲҶָ棬ͬҲ棬֮ȫǹƽ˭ҲǷ˭ˡ
ӵѾȷ֮Ĺϵֱ޷ġȻҶƽ̵ȴʼն޷׽Եˡ
ǿԣǿԶǵһҪأȫԺѡҲ׸Լĵӻޣһ֮ǾǼǣһˡ
˽ģΪ֮˵޵Ǹ˽Ըӡ
Ȩı֮ƽԶյʮƽ磬һҶòϡ
ӱ϶ԣƽ̺һˡ
ֻһһ޴ѡ
лƽ̵ΡҶͷ
лˣ㾭̫ɱ¾Ӧһˡƽļͷ΢Цȡɣͻƻ춴Ϊ
סҶ˵ͷ
ܶ˶ΪҶҪλϵģҪĻֻҪһ˹ͲظûܹԺλˡ̾ϢʵҪλôģϧڿѾĲҪˡ
ҶЦһ̣֪Լ޿ʹͣԾͽƽ̵λô͸ԼȨţһڴȨգͬģԼԺ֮Ҳû취ˡ
ۼ֮еλã˭ܸ߹ƽ̣
ôһëǮûУȴǶһѡ
޵˵ҫôȻһЦŷ֣̾Ϣһ֮󣬾ʹҪɵδ𣿡
ҿɵΡҶɬһЦܲҫɡ


470 ̫ɸ
ƽ̣Ҷ֮мλѺһپƣ漴ͳ̫ɸ֮иȥˡ
ôã־ôɱڶظоһ޷Ƶƣ롣
ԣɻĹأ̫ɸȴĸ塣
δ̫ɸ׳ࡣ
˴ξĴ֮ȡ˲ٵĺô֮ΪĵǶðһ硣
ߺˣȻҴ̫ɸŵŮȻףסҶһš
д˵Ҫ֣λҶʦȻǱɵӣȴҲ㲻ˡ
˴ӿƮƮٵҶǰȻҶ
Ůӷ׷ȥ
̫ЩҶ
̾ҶֲҪ֣ڵŮҲǱЩɢǸ߻ˡ
ҶЦһ˵ҲˣɹϾѾɸˣΧǺʿǲذͽŹ֡
겻ΪҲˡҶȻѾǵض쾳ΪˣһɻĿռ֮
ݽȴȫȲɴƮˣϾŮҶĵ£ҶŮӦƷϨҶҲ⽫Լ˽ܾ鴫ڸˣһֱǻ
ǱȲҶ㡣˿Ҷͷ΢΢תУҡҡͷҶոһʱΧƵȴʼΧתˣɴԿɼΪѾ׵Ĳ˵أ
ŶȻ˲ٵĵӡҶŮǣʦʦΪˮ׼
¶һ˿ɫ̾ϢǰʦĲһҪɽġ
Ҷ΢΢һЦ漴̧һ֮£ȻһɫĹȦһɫɴµòŮӷ˳Ůģ壬ɢĽȴǴһɴȱף֮⡣
ڳŮǶʱоһǵںԪ֮УɵظоһĿƣ֮תۼԼΪµһЩҲѸٵȬ˹Ƥ衣
ԪĵǱɴŮһ֮£ʱоԪָˡ
ףͨƵͨȻѾܹɱ񣿡ȻҶķŮʧЦǺǣû뵽Ҷ־ȻƫŵĴ˸Ȥܹ־Ҳǲˡ
ҶһЦȻֳһɫĹ⻷һ˹һ֮£ӶоԼϵ˾ȻȬɵؾؿſеҶ
ɫصؿҶ˰βҡͷ
˿ҶֻǹһЦ
˴˿жҶĵ
ܹŴܹͨɱΪ˵ҶŴ֮ͨƾһ֤ҶۼʶΪѧʶ㲩ԶԶʤ
ɸģѾ˼ľأɾľɹúѾΪ֮еִߣֻɹڼıչءе¶ɴƮ˸֮֡ͨƽ̷ִλһĸԷְ
˵ʵɹõһλò绨ĸŻǺģټϾɸʵʮ־ջǶ˵Ůĵ޵пƵһŵĺҶ˶ʮǵشͷ
Ǻˣǹû˵Ҷ⡣
ѹʱҶҳಲȥЩǽУһϺаԵ춼гƿݺѪ̣οЩΪµĺСǣ
ңԴҶɳЩ֮޵֮еһ󲿷˶ѾΪżˡȻҲһС˶жд̣˵ʿǡ
οҶȻǵصΪѾܹɵƽǿʼƽƽû˵
ţƽ̵ĵҲǸոͻصΪոհյľѣҶȴѾǵλ
ȻѾȥˣǴǹԾûջشӵĴ㣬ƽѾɾɣ׵Ĵ̼ǵۣѾվƸǿӲʹʼնԽ׳ذ벽
֮£ɵڵҲ÷ĵӷֳ֮ѭʹãҳȡ֮е洫Ӹȱġ
ʵϣǿ´ִеҲЩѣֻҪ棬һжɵظ㶨
ǱĬ֮£ЩѾȫİˣ˵Υˡ
һУĶǳ֮ǿ˰ٱҲֹ
ÿһʱ䣬ЩùĴӵ֮ˮɴʥˮ
Ҷǳʱ䣬λ޾İ˫ޣеĵá
ɴѾ⾳ײͨ͸ʱİأƮѷɫһЩֻǸոİضѡ
ϧ˵ΪɻǲҶǵĿֲٶȡ
˫֮£Ҷλ𲽸ླİء
ܹͨĻҲ׽ˡҶ۾ͷϵգ³һ
Ҳûа취飬ͨͲѭ;ɵģҶҲ᲻λ޶ȥðա
Ͷ֮УκħٶҪ֣һã÷³
Լʶ޷ϴȥ֮
ߵλãҶϰɴѩ׵Ĵȣ۾ůůĺ壬ɴΪԼһͷͻݵӡ
ȴԼԭߵݣذԼ»ԭһСŮˣΪԼİκ¡
ֻеԼʵһ档
ʵ֮䡣
Ҷü֮ƣ֮⣬ɴɵĵһ̾ͷһǣҶ㱾ԲӵģƢЩô
Ҳ֪ΪʲôҶɵȣ̫ˣʱ伸ͣϢսţÿһƺһ۾ܹˡ
ɴɷ㲵ģɵЩذļ¶һЦݣͺúõϢһ£ǽðķ㡣
ǰǰҪúõϢһˡҶ߽૵صȻ۾֣صصÿζҪصɴҴȥһط
ţɴؿ


471 
Ҷ漴һƬ޵Ļռ֮С
ɴΧĻ֮ʵǡ
ҵĻҶصҪܹ׿ƻ֮Ȼܹ׵ջҵͨʵһ˫ѡ
ɴȻüͷʼŤ̬ĹⲨԼԼм˳
õġҶ̧һָɴҵʱƽϢ
ÿ˫޵Ļ֮ͬʱ֮䣬ò˶ãͻͨˡҶһȦɫͻɫĹⲨ
ɴ˼˻֮С
ʲôʽҶܡɴȻһЦǶѾǷˣԱﰮķʽҲǰģ
˵ĶԡҶһ¡
ϣѾǳ綾ףԴȵľӣѾӣҪľ𽥵ιɳտɱɾΪ֮֮񣬳ɾ
ʱ챾Դһг֣ƾɵΪҲᱻɱԴ֮׹ޡ
ʱˣκη޷
ҪһʮḶ́ǺѾ˳ˣ𲽵Ľǳɾϵ
뵽ҶǷһĨааЦ⣬ʶ֮кȻһƬ״ĲƬΡ
Լ֮ҲѾһ컯ĲƬܹɹеĻ˵ܳɾΪʱԼɾΪ˱һܹκԼ˾Ͳˣ
Цô飬϶ֲ£һֻϸָסҶĶ䣬Ʈˡ
Ҷ۾һ̧֣ƮѾˤĻıӣϲĻ
⣬һϢһʱѾˡҶϢҪȥˡ
Ůһۣͬʱ¶ظɫˡ
ôװµģǱӵоɸΪܣȴ޴֮ʿͷϡѹܹʹ˽ͬҲ߻ħļʣ֮ͨƽЩɣܶСɽ֮еĵӶ߻ħеľȻˣеûоȻЩʧƽʹĲѡ
ŮڵҪǾѾҪѹ;ĳˡ
ͻҵͨ
Լ֪ͿˡҶ֧صصҪ½ɷչҪѹά֣رǱ֮УѾʶķչΡ
ĽľȻѾնϣ˴ǣûֻռ˲ԿĵҶͶӰ֮лл֮ԴĻԭ档
ֻƻһͷųһֵĻ֮ҶڵʹʧǳĲأһλʹʥ֮컯񸫵ͶӰžԭˡ
֮Ϯò˶ãͻᴫС֮Уò˶ãЩв֮ɵʿǶѾӵҺʹǲ˼κֶεĴ壬᲻һеضչ
ֻʣλ壬϶ƣӦ˴ʧˡ
ЩʿǵıӦܹɹ׶˿ڼչˡ
հǰһƬãٰʮ޷˷ˣҶв̵ġ
ŮɫȻɵؽץסҶֱۣ벻ɷȻɳôյ
ʵҲûʲôˡҶסŮ֣̾ıɱѾλˣ˴βðգʹ⵽شֻһ֮󣬻ǻʯ٣ʱҲѱоյ飬Ҳһ׮󹦵ˡ
ʮͷԭΪããҲܹһƴˡҶڵ
Ʈ岻ʵŶôΪʲô޴֮ûֻԭأ
Ҷڣɴͽ͵ԭҪñ棬еܹȡЧô֮ҲʾˣЩл֮ԴĵԴḻħӴ󣬵еĲˡҲΪԵʣԲŲֻ֮Դ
ѵֻͨǴ֮֮вֹ֮Ҳ֮Ի̫֮鷳
ţɴ˵òҶɴ˵һ֮󣬲ɵпʼϲȴû˵ܹ˵֤ⷬɴľѾһĲΣĻò˶ѾҪͻﾳˡ


472 
ҶԶôʷ׳ʣƮȴǡǡֻͬҶһ˶ѣҶȫ硣
ҲʣҲɣֻҪҶߣһֱƽƽ̬
ҶУֲ̬ȴ֮ɡ
鷿֮УƮҶϣҶְֵĽ̵֮£һһٵֽдȻ𲽲Ԣ⡣
ԺͻƾȴǴаġҶӵ뻳סСֽ֣Ϲּ
Ʈڰɵĸο֮£ĵذ鼮Ķһһٵȥᡣ
ǰЩ֮ͨҶ
ԱкȻϸ΢ҶзɳƮƮҶˡ
ɴ̤£䵽ҶǰƮЩɬҶĻվ
ֻɴ˫Ʈ첻ͷһֽɫĹⲨͻɫĹγɵУڰ׷Ϸһ㡣
Ƶתݣʱʱʱʱء
ҶѾеİʱοص˵ͷڳʱ򣬵ȡ˲ٵħ֮ģӣƮȫͨЩջ֮
ɴڲڳյһ˿򣬼ֺϧؽڣʹɴ𽥰ҵķһҲ͵ִ֮
ɴˡҶʵ
ɴһЦָ̧һſڴһֻ淢˸°͸°͵ըˣһȵ˵ˡ
ţ֮յмֻˡҶͷ
ûϵеʱ䣬ɡҶס֣֮ͨΪɱʹãδܳɾ֮ǰҪ׵ʹǺ۵ġ
֪ҵķˡɴЦ´棬һ£ʵôƮأ
ҶüͷҡͷƮ廹У̬ûȫֻղͨ
ǰ뿪ʱƮ弸ʲôû˼ˣҲ档ɴ̾ϢһḧӵԺҪúˡ
ûϵеʱ䣬ֻҪ㲻Դ׾ͺáҶ§סСЦˡ
ƽæòɿ֮еǳķæ
ƽ̫ҶˣҶƨɾ֪ϡʺǷ൰Ҷʱ˵ĻȻ˵ޣȻܹ²һ˳Ѿ⵽˽ĻԴҲôͣϢرҶ´˽Ͻ鴫ȥ
ҶЩ飬ݲݽһ֮漴ͷص˾ɸ֮пʼС
ƽ̾˼꣬ĵѾۻ𡣶˸ǶϤ͸
û˱˽оŴɵùҹˡ
ûѹƾС֮еĴӵԴɵ֮оô˲ţҪѹ̼֮иһġ
ŴɶֻǱѣûɵ˵ķ緶ȡ˵Ҳǻϵɵ塣
ֻῴǰĶ̫Զ
ĿĲҪδսѹ׵ɵʵҪڲĽṹЩõĶһſվµɣþŴɳ׳Ϊɵ֮еĹ壡
ҶϢһȥĻ֮Ļһǰɣô֮еĽṹȻɢ׷׶µҲǲܣܣҲ
ƽҪǣŴܹ׵ĺӴƽƽӦò졣
Ҫ飬ƾԼɵΪͶɵӰ죬ս
ʵɢ֮Ҳ޷Ŵʵ״̬֮£ྺǺ£ûоĽ
һҶӰ޴ϰ֮
Ŵɵƽһս֮Ϊܵ˼Ĵ̼඼ɾ˵صĽ͵صĻ춴Ϊ
ƽʵܹõķչƽʵֻɶӵķչ缫䲻Ը⿴ڡ
ҪǣŴɶкƽƽʸ񣬴ҹͬͬչ
ܹƽƽʸ񣬹ؼʵ֮е̫ϳϡ
ھŴ֮еĵӣĵӣѾҳȥˡ
ҶȻںоӣÿ»Ҫ֮УîѣλϴкȻϼٷȥ
һ֮ĵĵ漴Ϣǹ
δǶ쾳Ϊû˿ĴҶȴѾλΪ
֣ǹεʲô磬пյˣҶԼĵһЦֵ̿Ǻ˲ٰ
ԭĵ֮ĴΪ


473 ֮·
Ҷ˵Цˡɴ۾в豭ˣȵҶ־ȻѾͻλȾΪǱҼƽҲֻǲһˣΪҼƽҲֻһȼˣǺεȵΪ
͵վ۾漴ŵؿҶһ
Ǻǣʵڹǫˣ˶ѡҶЦʾˣԴϴ޴֮һֱûкúתתɣҶĳվͳ䵱һˣĴתתΡ
ѳζǵŴǣЩ̫㡣
ʲôģ߰߰ɡ˵꣬˵պȥˡ
ܲסҶ飬漴ǿЦһ˳ȥ
պеĿһۿ֮У۴һܴǵľ¥߲ż֮УӴ󳨵Ĵ֮УԶ̲嫵ĺǵĴԶ׳ĸ
Զĺ֮м洬ǿźӣջĺ㵹ضǣͷϵϨϢ
պеΧм죬ЩѾ࣬ߣŲѰС
¥߲ķ͸ԽǰУֻѰĺ֮ҽ롣
ԭܼ򵥣ߵһ㷿רŸЩص޵ģ¥ϰȻûʲôǳµĥǶһЩ֮һ۾ͿǰԾƵ˾Ѱ֮
ķǧ̴˸ɫƷĺʣÿһֺʻмʵĹϹ߲֮࣬ŵĺζû˿˲ãɫζȫǹȥʳָ󶯡Աһ񾫴ľƺ֮Уʢ㾧Өɫľƽҷ˱ǡ
ҶְɳôĴҶԼľҲĽ̾Ϣһ
ӱ鸴ӵҶ˾ƱЦҡҡͷԨ㣬βԽ
Цһҡҡͷÿ˭Ҷ뺷ġ
ҶЦһ˾ƺָһơ
͹٣ҪĽǮѾˡ⴫һ
̧һֻһŲ˷֮Уֻһͨ岼˽ǮƵ㣬罣Χ׺һȦϹ߲ˣʮֵˣ⼸Ͳ˵ĻҲѾڵΪҪȻĻ̧شٽ̴ľ
ͨѾг˱ƬΧһŨ֭֮ʳ󿪡
⺣زĽǮ衣Ҷڵظһ۷ƬЦصǸճõĽǮ̣ûմȾٺҲأ̲ˡ
ʳζؼƬ⣬պպϣĵƷš
ţǮ⵹ǺнͷȻ֮һʵζƷƷʵζÿһʶǳֹ漴ͷ˿ӡ
ǮǺİ˵ÿһͷǮ趼а֮ٺ٣ϧ⺣еİȴӲЩ׽³ҶЦص漴ѹǮ軹һȱݣֿ֪
ŶʲôȱݣձҶֽоģȴòҶ¡
ǮûܹѰһںܹͣͣͷǮͲܹϢҶһЦֻܲͣΣͣؽʳǧĽǮ˺ǿ׳ǣٶȣߵΣˣͳ˺е֮İˣЩ㣬˽Ǯʳ
ɫһ𣬿ϵһƬǮ¶˹Ź֮ɫ
Ĵ̾Ҷ֮е˼ˣʱ˳õĳ˼֮С
ҶûдֻǼƷĺʡ
ã̾Ϣһˡ
Ǯ裬߳Լɫ֮·Ҷζص
ЦһָָһĽǮ裬Ҷֲض˵ˣǮ裬ҽջ񣡡
֣֮ǳġҶ˿ӣɫصٴõ飬ҲûģΪûԼĳɳ֮·˵·ֻοԼ·ȴֻܿԼ֮ľ磬ҪԼԵٶûãǮ裬ԼİλлİͬҲԼİɫ
ЦһΪʲôǴǹĵʾôأ


474 
ʵҲǴǹӵʲ޴磬Ϊɵĵλãʹùһˣȱĥŵ¡Ҷɫصеʱ˺ͣ޴Ŵ֮Ǵģһʼǽ˺֮ѿγʮ֮󣬾Ϳʼ๥ߣټħħħڣɵʮڣڲϵ֮Уǵûĥʵ𲽵ĳɳ׳󡣡
Ҷ˶٣ʵҲɵĳɳ֮·޵֮·ǴͬСģɺ͹Ҫĥ֮׳󣬶ʿγˣ
Ҷ˵ǰصشһ棬̾ϢһǴǹ̫ˣݵ̫ˣŵ֮еĵ˵ܣҶ㼸ε㣬ֻǴǹ͡
ЩȻҡҡͷ̾һԴǹǰ;ʾǡ
ƺԥأ˼̧֮ͷصʵҶ֣һ䣬޴磬᲻Ǵǹ֮ģ
ҶĻǻۡ˵ǵ۱¶ȲҶĿеĵλѳζ˰죬ԼԴĻôĨǺŪҶԾֱӷˡ
ҶɫƽһƬؽţ漴ľ۾Ͽҵص֣ʱǲģֻһͷôķչȫܹյסˣǴ
üͷɫӵһͿ
Ǹôźأ
ǹҪױпκΨһǿҶ˿ӣصǾŴǣôǻ֣Ҫ֡Լڱ˵УǺΣյ飬һǿԶҲ㡣
Ҷдһɵĳֿ֮⣬иж֮࣬ȴֲɵ¶һ˿ɬζ
ȻʼգҶжǹʵ
ֲϴǹӵǱˣ͸ȼһϣ
ҿһҶ쳣ѿɫ漴ο굽ʮ֮ڣŴǲ˼ģŴҪսƷҪ򣬸һеľϰ¾ɴл棬ЩҪʱӦĵǹĻӦòΪ⡣
Ҷһ仰ҾͷĶˡ΢΢˵ͷסȭͷһʱ䣬Ӧ㹻ǴǹӴ𣡡
УһĨ֮ɫ
ǲѡһΪѵ·;أЦֵֿ̫ܶܶҵ뷨ǶΪ޵ֻекͷҪģЩ֮·˷Ѿġ
ҲЩҡڲôҶЦ֣ҪκεĹ˼ɣǧͨԪ˵ʵڻַͨǿ󣬵ľΪֻܿϵĥɱ𲽵ĳɳ׳Ƿȱľĥ£ѡ·ĻҸҶ϶ʮܹ꣬ͻƾ硣
ңҶֵһĳ˾һʱԼ·;֪Լôˡɫ£˾Ʊȥ֮Իƽ̽Եġ
ܹôͺãҪףǹҪ˥̫ˣҪȴѣЩ鲻ǵƾһˣһǻѪ¾ͿԽģӦö£һЩˡҶÿյ΢ЦǮٻȥɡ
˼Ƭ̣Ƶһþû
ʵҶ˾˴Ŀľôģƽ̳ɾɣ綼һʮ־޴𶯣ǹǲһż
˭֪ƽ̻᲻̲ǹ⣿ϴԼΪĿǳر
ǵ۱иǳĲУɳǰʹǾŴ֮н˼ػ춴ĸ֣Ǹһǽʵʵƹ
ڹĸ﷽Ҫǰճˡ
鸴ӵ˿ɬؽζĽǮ⣬Щʳʡ
ʵǹһ⣬˶֮죬Ӹ鷽ĻҶȴֲԸ鷢Ͼɶսķ˭ûкô
ŴɸոմСũתɱҪӱתɹ壬ҪһӦڣڻڲ໢Ҫǹ͵Ƚ졣
ңֻҪԸǹͷһ֮ôҪ˵ҶɾΪƽҲ޷赲ƣ
Ҫ氡Ҷҡҡͷ
ǹ֮С


475 Ŀ
ǵ۰ȻУŸĵ
ǹֶܹʮ칬һ˵йе
ʱ˿̣ĵɫ̫ÿǰȥ̽ϢΣ֮⣬һԭ򣬴ǹҪˡ
ǹһС壬ȻǱɢĲб£һλʸټ׵ռһƬǺʹӣ̶̰µʱѾƬ֮йһǱ¡
ǹ䲻ˬǣͷʾȻǵصĻ춴Ϊ
ؿҪˣǵ˼ҲֻǵصĽ˵ػ춴ʵԶԶͬʿ
ǹովսѾԾ˲˼ɵ֮ģǵǾƽֵ̳ģϾѣ붯һλĴǴǹ޷ܵġ
²ǵۣʮ칬һ˵ĵѾʶԼǹǿиɵľˣ鶼һ֮ȴþǡǡʶˣǹԣȴһǧѷĸĸĻᡣ
ǹ֮Уǵ溮˪ĵ
ǰ̤ƽ̣һСֻ²ô׺üġ
ǵתͷޱصŶһɡ
ҲѾʶȻҪǴ־սˡɫȻǱ޳ĪֻܿԼһγеӣ»Աʵصˣ΢ͼñڵķȱݣһҪ͵Ϯֻ±ֵסΪһЩӣһߣסһС岻ǰҲˡ
鷳ģͷʲķѴƬ򣬸ǹոƬ֮меħħһ壬ҪֻЩħħͻΪڻˡһƱػʮֳáصҪǣЩħħǾͨеĵλá
ڳеĵ͵ǱôԿȾԭͲԸս̬ʱƨҷˡ
ǹ֮Ȼ˼ǧˣǲȫǰ׳գӸλǵ۱¾Ѿظо˾˵вˣΣǵ۶ȥҾ˽⡣
ԱߵڵǾͲ˺ˣ˳ôĶһҲʵ˵ȥˡ
Ǿпˣתͷص㻹Ӵǹ˶òôǴǹûֵزѾʤʧܵ⣬һ̬ȵ⣡ǰѾǰչֳԼ޴һ棬ѵҪһ汩¶ôǵ̬ٲǿӲһЩֻǵĶֻΪۣʱֻ̲¾ûκϰˣ
ǵ۳ĬƬ̣ڵôΪ˭ȥأ
Ĭĵ׷һ¡
ЩƽŰаŮʦֵǣɵҡͷЦһ
쵰ڶ³˽ˣóļһǣⱲԶҲܳΪǿߡ
漴ǰһԸȥ
⡣
ãǵ¶ЦˣȻǾɼΣ˱ʹӸһӢӣ㸺רŹߣ
ʱϣĵҪǡǵһĨâɨӹΧеĵ͹
һģһһеľӢĵ׷ױ̬ǿ֧
ӽ飬֮иԳһӢЭң⣬ӴԺ󣬸ĵҪ֪λΣ
ǵתͷһԱظǷ׷ױ̬ʾԸɳ֮࣬ȴֲɵ¶ʧɫˡ
ʱû˷ѣ˼Ӵ˵Ľֿ֮¹оһ¾ڵȨṹҲ֮ͨЩߣȴû϶Ǳŵ̫ϳϣûʵȨֱ˳ȻĵλЩǽֻⲻҪ·ˡ
Ҳʮ޿κεһˡ
ǵȻػ˻֣£һϸڵ⡣
ȥһˣ̽Σǵۿʵ
صھ죬ǲȡʲôʩȻǴ
ֹܲһз
ûã£ǾҪ⣬Ʒչȥֻ²꣬ҲĿתǡص˵ĳϺƽ̶ʡ͵ĵƣǸϼ޻ĶҪӿֲģǾͲһС壬ĥһĥǴǹѵӡ
ǵϲڵʱ䣿
ͷʱ䣬ھæ˴δս֮սƷڸĸڲªϰɹ棬֮⣬ǻҪ쳶Ƥܣ֮Ǻ󣬲ܹȫԸضԸǡ
ǵۻһ˳õĳ˼֮С
ҪҪ졭
£򲻿ɣæǣǾǻĿŵİͷǣôͷϻתͷͻǣ˲ɵӣǾӣ
˵ô죿ǵۿʵ
ʱ䣬λ㹻ʱ׳ǹĵǹת侲صʱǻǻǶҶ¿ڣ
еãܺãǵϻο˹һöҫŵ֮С
еɵؾȵǡ
΢ͼͶӰȥɡǵĿ⾼ؿסһҪԼǹδ
жʱӿһɼһͷת漴ͷ˳ȥˡ
޴θко׼еҵļȣоԼ·һ˲ഺ
Լһֱ޷ͻƵƿƺҲõɶˡ
֪һСɵʵǵ۱ģĿΪ˸͢һɽѹʹԼĸڲܹ׼СЩӹܵģʬλ͵ľ׸Ȼһǿɵĵλڶس׸ĸ
һСɽչ壬Ҳس׽˳䷢չȥøڵĵΪһĥʯáһò˶ãǹͻȻһ¡
ŴˣߺߣǸǣҲǣ
ǵ۱ĨĨӣ΢΢Ц
ԶԶƬ֮УԼһߴĹ𲽵ˡ
Һãǲǹ¶ġǵǲɵظһĨοЦ⡣


476 Ĵ춴
ԱһӲмصҶ˲ǰ㹬ڵִôһѣ㲻ʲôα˵ӣ
۾תͷ
ãȻһ֣žһ͸һǶ⡣
һ󣬴ӵ˳ȥڱǶѪԵü
ӻֲ̿Ƥɫɭ
׳գҶҹִôǾı£ոճɾ͵ʱǵ۱¶ûСʲôοѾصλֻȱµһ߶ѣִʲôʸȥǳĿ⣬ҲֻܿһѣȥһսϣܹôؿһܴССܹΡܴھ֮ϣܲھŵ֮£ǱͷȥСˣⱲӶɾ͵
㻹Ϊǵǳ۹⣬ǵ۱£˾Ͳˣ͵óϣЩ֥ùӵ˵£ڱ׵š
Ӷһŵĭӣʱ֨ˡ
Աߵ޲¶֮ɫˡ
ŭһ֮Щľ漴̾ϢһѹҶǸ쵰ΪȻô죬Ϊܹ㹻ȥսޣ
һ뵽ҶЩľһ޷ݵĽʼɣһ޷ͼĺΡ
ʱ޲һжԼһ㡣
ʵƫƫ͸һǼصƹ
ĳɼҶҲҪҲҪǹ³׸ͷ棡ϲͷ׳־ɶ־ؽս֮С
֪ǵ۱ͽ찵ʹ߸ˡһʵǸǡ
ѾڵһϢˡ
ʮǰǵĵ˾ӵҸ쵼壬챨֮̾Чˣ۵طӵ
սʱΪǹ¾սԺôȡĲ࣬ɵҲ˲٣ܵ˵Ķ࣬׬ˡ
Ҫǣսʤû˺ȲʣʧҲû˸ο
ѾڵήˣŴǶˣŴɶѾʼﰵ￪ʼɣĿŵĸضȡԴ
ѾĵɵϢ
ƺĵļλ洫ŵرϢȴıס
ƺĵӽ𣬽ƽƺĵӴ˲٣ƺĳۣٴαܲӵشˡƺĵǳ׵ķŭˣԺɵĵӼûɱʹƺĵƽ̲òɽţ̴ְƽְλø˵ӡȶסġ
ڿɺˣˮתˣƺʿǿʼչ˳׵ı
ֻ˴˲ڵãȻѾת˹֮оȻʼչ쳹׷ŭˡ
ԣ⼸ѻļλϵټ׼ƺ֣ո˰·ϵʱ򣬾ƺķ
ƺĳϺ͵Ѿ彻֮г˼ʶ͵һЩƹӷЩһйоصĳǺʱֲ̣֮¾͵׼Ѿõ֮У֮ɵıиı
ĺԵģλһĳϵʮ𵤺ͷླ洫ӵҷҶûʣ£λ֮ľͷնһֱۣǱӴܻɣܵǽһ˵á
һ򶼽˹ߵֳܹʹĴ
̫Ϊͨɵѻأ˵ԼµӲ֮󣬶ʱ۶Ԫŭֵȫû˵ףû˵̾ټ׼ƺ챨ûǳ֣ɵ̫ϳϴϢݵ֮Уʱɹٳˡ
еԪüңߵԪ𵴵ն˺Ѻۡ
ֻǰ춴ܣ컯ɵһ춴ں׷ᡣ
죬ֻǰϧ޴磬Բܵǿ㶷һɱΪ죡
ƥֵľ͸ҵ
Ϊ׵ٺЦ죬ǵմĵӣγΪĵӸΧŹģڵǸ̸㵽׻ҪҪ
죬ֲҪ㵥Ҫ㳹׵ڴ˵ءصûôһ춴ĸˣǾ˾ܹһһεĲʳԴˡʱٺٺٺٺٺٺ١


477 
λͬʱһЦǺνôЩ⵽ĴѹżɾӪһֱĸ߲ѹǸ߲㣬ĵͱҲѹƺĵͱӣǧ֮Թ޲֪˶٣Ӧñ֮ʡ
а
λͬʱ̧һƣгټĻ춴ͨصĴһ㣬תһɾ޴ϯءײ˹
ããã쿴𽥱ƽ춴ȴȻ壬Цһ춴˸ոճɾͲãվͳͳϷڴ˰ɣ
ЦһȻӻһŽεķǿҵɵ֮͵ɢ˿
λ춴ϵķȻɫĽηرȿ
λ춴ϵɫˣǿе¶˼־ɫˡ
һȻзƥŹ⣬һ¾;סɫĽ⣬ڿзס
ŸʲôסͶӰǸɵ˵дһ
λܵĳ϶û˵תٴγڷɱ˹ֲʱ˷״˸ţ׻µ̻
ŭ֮գΧʯ˿ٻǱɱ¾֮ͶӰֻƾķ˶
ɫĽӰ·𱻼ŭһ㣬չ֮£һƥݺݵնеⶶ֮飬Ȼֵסиʵ͵˼㡣
֮зһƥâظն˿س׷ɱ˹
ת֮£ⲨĹߣ׷꣬˿ƣ˶״⣬Ƕظն˿
Ҷ׳ļƷĲ⣬һؾ͸ƿˡ
͵һڽǾƷͶӰ
ɫĽնɱ˹ϵЩֵסˡ
֮Ҷһ˫ҵһ֮£̧һ̫ɵĽɫڽ档
ӰȻ΢΢䶯ˣڿпʼͣضţ˵ˡ
㲻ƷͶӰѾϽеĹϵˣҰɣҵ㻯㣬δزܹɳΪһƷҶȵ
ϨĽӰͣ˶渡һӰƮƮطɵҶǰˡ
۵Ӱȴһɢӣüˡ
Яһ׻ͷɢس˹ı춴һ·׷ɱ˹ذ׷·š
ƺλ춴ϱϾոͻƻ춴ûãԶԶȲͻ˻춴ĸ˻ۡ˶ڣǲŸ׷ɱ졣
ȻƺһɫĽһ¶ţ͵͵ƺ
Ļ춴淢˿ضգΪʲôΪʲôᷴ׷ɱң
ʱ˿̣˶Ļ춴Ȼˣƺĳϳɱ˹һ˫Ѫ˿УɱڣƷ˶Ļ춴ˢˢغϡ
Ϊʲôᡭ
ǡȺСˡ
ŭĿţѾԱûˣ춴ҺΧл֮£߶ûкһ¡һ£˻ҽ
λƺĳ춴ϢתݣһϢ𡣸ɸɾȫˡ
쾡Թһ⻯⡣
춴ǿĬĬ֮УΧɢĺۼһЦ漴Ķ
ȻһǵкܶǴëѼѪûͶӰռ˵һֵλá
ϧһվɵˡ
Ǻ۵ĳʵ̫ˣ㾡ĺ֮ˮҲ޷ϴˢɾ쾹Ȼһٸɱǧ۵ĳԹһ˸ɾ
ʦ
ʦȻɱˣ
ƺȻɱʦ
ͷǾؿſȻɢʦ̣һ̾Ȼɢ
λ춴ǿߺУعš
·һȺȮڿһȺλ춴ǿҲ֪ܹƼˡ
ɳؿǺػɵԼһ֮ǰַʱɳȨôһ̸ˡ


478 Ϊ
춴ǿ߻һۣѾ¶˾ģϾ򣬿ԳƵǰ֮ˣǲѴΧΧԴ͵̾ɹϷ֣ʮ죬׵ꡣ׵һɡǻɡ
ȻѾ֮ĶԹΪֹΪ׵ڵǱϾɵʿǸϾɱҲҪ뱨ĵѹǶٻأЩǶøһ㣡
ƺ˴δս֮нλػ춴ǿߣԼǿһչ˳޵磬ν׵üˡ
һĿֳҲܹʤ⼸λ춴ǿ߻ȥҪˣôͳ׵Σˡ
˼Ԫ첻Ըܵġ
˵оǼ˾˵磬־ļɿʼĿŵʼ͸
˵ĴҲѾͲˣˣеĻԻͽһֹ
һ֮챻Ƴֽϻ֮Ǳһǿ룬еʿ״һİԵо
Ϊʱףȴ޿κΣ˼ҲȱۼɳҲѷɫ죬ҪǱλڳ
Ŵ֮ڶȱٻ춴Ϊĵͷһһεʧ
Σ춼ٻصǰһӦʯѹзľˡ
εɵᶼˣͨɵ̳֮Уѡȴ޿κΡ
Ҷպеĵһ¥֮У͸ŸɵλʿƳ̸
˴˴εĴս֮Ҷ͸ŸɵʿǶ֮飬໥侭߶Щʿսǰ񾳵ʿս󲿷ֶѾ޳˷֮࣬һʿ׵ͻ˵Ϊ
޵֮ۼѧʶԨҶԳƵڶû˸ҳƵһЩĺʿǶҶһ۵ʱҶǽ⡣
Ǽƺʿ˴ηһ۽üһ׷ˣиǳ첻ѣ̸֮Ц
Ҷ֣ӦҲл֮Դɣ
˵ˡҶһӵԭûл֮Դģʼʥն˽ľ֮󣬻֮ԴҲУǻǱʼʥѹˣǸĴˡ
ڳеӶ¶쳣صɫˡ
ҿԷģҲ̽⼸εĳʿǸɵˣҲʲô֮÷Ϳˡ
Ҷ˵ĶԣԱߵ鿪ڵЩʿǸв֮𣬴˴ҶͿ๦ˡ
ڶʿ˶ʱЦ
ҶеľƱЦܼ򵥣ʵһΪؼĳʵǸͲã˵޵ģûгʢ˥ɣҲûйռ˲Կĵôغľеˣջᵼ־أѾûȴƫƫҪյҫţΪ޴Ҽƽ̾ʹ֮е洫ȻΪߣǴӲˡ
ҶһЦߣԱУ
ڶʿһҶĸɵЩ֮ڶʿֶʼҲѯƿˣҶһһ˻شĸ⡣
Ŵ֮нഫĳĳɵ̫ϳͻƿΪ춴߽ΪЩϢʵҶСС̼һѣҲʼΪ
ҶǼؽΪ
һؾ粻ôͻƵġƽ˶뿴㵱ͽͻƣʦ֮󣬳ʱ˰ɣ
Ҷصǽǳɣ
㲻ԼɵǸͽ
Ҷɵط˷ۣƽʵ̫ˡ
ƵĻһĵ뵱ʮķƽ̿һõģҡҡͷǵͻʦҲҪڵľصģȻĻǿأԼӶ˽ľӰ졣
ס
ͬģҪȹһԼĶϱڣȻͨʡ˱˽ʮĹ򣬵ȻҪƽ̵صɣúúõλ¡
ҶʱĬȻ
֮ҪͻƣҪǶҪ֤Ҳ˵Ҫ򣬸ҪӵǿۻķҪ⡣
صĽҪ򣬸ҪԪŵر


479 Ů
ҶҪһͻƿɾͽǱƽһĳĴ֮Ҳ˼ˡ
˴ȥ֮ջȻСռķ֮Ķǵͱʣһλޣͻƾ硣
Ҫͻƿ͵ѰһЩŵرˣڷ֮Ҷսƽ̣˴ѾγٻƲԷ֮ȴҪɣҶ֮£ֻܴһˡ
Ǻ֮⣬˵ҲԴʮֵķḻҶҪȥѰһЩŵر
֮̾ŵĶ壬Щ嶼չʮָ߶ȵ˵ϴεԳħֻ֮һУôһĹˡ
ֵϵԿ̬ϵսʿ߹
ҶеŹֵǣЩ죬׺֣ɫϽ쳣ׯϡ
һͷħ˾ͰˣҶһ·ȥȻȵطħıȫһģ̳һ㣬ǰ£ׯϵģ
ô£Ҷ˼֮С
ǧ֮һնɵٻ͵ؿڵ
Ҷ𾪣նɵͨ
նɵͨնܹǳ׵ĶɻΪԼۡٻ͵һˣΪԪ񣬵ﶼŸɻ˲١
òƲų⣿Ҷ֮еζֵʵ
Ҳãһ屾ǰ֮У˱˶ɻȴʧȥɡ˵ˣЩɻߵӴ˵طУҲסһᡣٻҡҡͷ̾Ϣ˸о˷ǳìء
ܹ뷨ҶĬȻ漴˵ͷ
Ҳûа취飬һȱݵģһǿ˳֮£ʢ˥һԪоͺױԻ֮סԪ
Ϲ̫֮Ϲʥ֮࣬Ҫԭ
ΪȱˣնɵͨȴʮֵأȻܹǿĴסԪ񣬵ǲԪķչ
Ҳûа취飬ԾѱʱǣҲΪˣǿһʱ弸⵽ıԵˣһҲǱסᡣ
ûа취ƣҶʵ
ٻЦȫԷĺˣնȻҲλǧͨȴλʮ֮ҵ֮õܹɻ㣬ٺ٣ƾͨκβ㣬˵ͨˡ
ͨȫԳûͨˣٻͲͣض
ԽǰʮͨпɱƵġҶ΢΢ҡҡͷʱ˵ˣҵܹͨܲն⣡
ٺ٣¿еˡ
кȻɹ˼Ӱ⼸ӰΪͣеصΪ⼸Ӱıȴ׷һѪɫӰѪɫӰ׷ħһ㣬ؽŹˡ
Ϊ׵һӸȵŮҲҪɻǼŮӣɾѣαΪ˼Ů˺
һŮӷŭƨ⼸쵰ڤӺӵĹӣɻĲŮӣ
¡
ʿҽһʱշĴ֧ꪸ飬Ҷû
ѪɫĴأպХ˼֮漴ͳҶ˹
Ҷɫһ漴ȡ˹һת֮£֮յؾꪵַΧ
ȴӰһ㣬ҧסҶβӰֻѩ裬Ӱ֮վĲظŤ˺˿
Ҷеȵջ֮£նѩӰɣת֮ͽ£ռ䶼ѳһƣԵüĺˡ
Ӱӱ֮£Ҷ˶˳ȥˣӿǵɢ
Ҷ˱ϵľһ֮£ʱ˶Զ
һѪɫӰȻ˹еĻƽңңָסҶüλá
ǰŮһͷѪɫĳݰȴһɫսףĶͷλȴһ˳ǡԵӢӢˬ
ϸֱȴ޴ĻƽսꪣҶԵظоһֲֿ
ҪᣡֻǸո·ѣ˿ĵ⣡Ҷæ̧һæе
ŮɷؿҶε㵽Ǻˣ
ǸӦкǿҶ
Ůɱⶸʢ
ŶȻѪҶ⼸ͷǣŮӣɵѿڶѾ˵ɵΪˡ
ţֳִꪵŮȻüһ˲Ϣ֮ҶǰдꪺҶĲϡ
СӣҪôȻҳŪŮɫ쳣ı䡣
ÿַɵΪʩչӰͨʤҶЦؿλѪŮɣ˿ԼϵĴꪣҲǳЦֻǺϤѡ
ϤΪ׵Ůһ̧һգеĴ
ɫжʱ˼УɵؿڵѵʶѪô
ҶеָԶ޴ķ򣬵ҵĵ֮ʮλʦûаʮλӣѪ֮лһһͷɵĻ˵ڳײ֮ȻǺۣѪɾ֮󣬷Ҳ쳣ۺ񡣡
ҶһĽܺλΪʮְԵŵŮоȻһĨ֮ɫֽ̧еĳصĴƮƮطˡ
֨һ϶ʱ˳شĴꪸѹһƬҶɵذզ࣬ŮɵĵƾһϾѰɶѾǶˡ
ŮеľõȫɰֽɰֻҪĴָСһǧأ˽ɰꪱѼϸ֪ˣλѪŮȴͬൾһɵնҲĵ񣬵ƾŮӵһֲҶզࡣ
̫ɸһλŮȫ棬ΪѾɵľ磬̫ɸһ֮дֻŮӣλ¶еģҶڲʮֵϤ
ûѪǿ󡣡Ůһе񱭣ԪѣԴѪͲͣУܸоȱһЩʲô
ŮҶкøСϾΪһ౥ӣܹ֪һλܹƽȶԴܹ࣬ΪͽʿǰǺܸ˵ġ


480 ն
ҶλѾŮ渳̸һҹ֮󣬵ڶ죬ԭǽҶ̾ͱɹ÷Ϊϱڹбд
λŮɵΪͬѾɵΪΪѪķ֮ЩǺѷɫ
ĸԭһλԶѾΪˡŮɲеĴꪣĵصΪѾɵΪĸ׽ϲңԭǱһץū澵ģʮʱѪѣط˳˵Ľƣ޳ɵȾ硣
ǰ
Ů漴ͷصˣҲǰǰĽˣΪҲҵͲȥôȥʵڲʹ죡
ðɣҶЦЦûмٶ˵ʲô
ҶŮ̸һ
ŮʮҶѧʶܶϵƿҶĽ֮£ʱһһӭж⡣
쳣ǿټڣԴΪ׷ǿⲫɣڻҲʮֵǿҶϵѪܶĴ޷׷ӳЧʩչҲΪķġ
ŮɫͣסеĴꪣĬ
Ҷ֪£ô˵ùЩѿˣ
ûϵ˵ǣ˵ĸڣҲܹ⡣ŮڵǰѾѾˣܳԾˡ
ûĽͺãʵʷǵֻߵ·;ͬѡҶ漴ЦЦҾͳˣʿΪϲ壬ԶжԻԷȻٳ϶룬Էһٻһսʽ
ţ޵֮ҲһЩħ֮֮Ȼ
ҵλʶ۵֪һЩеطҶЦǺǵؽ͵ߵ֤·ӣҲܹϸ΢ĹսڸҲ빬һԵˡ
ŶλɣҶɵΪǿᣬѪͬʿ߰˸ҲδǹĶְ
ŮЦһ֪ɾ֮Ȼۻ룬Ԫȴȹ̣ױЩƻ֮ã⼸ʿǿһ㣬һʱǣжʮŮɻˡ
ԭˣҲñʧˡҶɫصص˵ͷ
ʶ漴Ǳʶ֮УٻѾ˹Էȴڳ˯֮ɱš
˵ûʶ֮еٻ쳣һ˿ŭ𣬵ˣǿԪǿȴǲߣµľħԻ֮һ֮һң֮ľǴˡ
ҶȡһݸŮرֻҪϣն޷͸ԪһԱ֤սܵӰ졣
Ů˹ɻʵô
Ҷ漴Ц֪ϸͨǧ֮еնɵͨר˵ȴɵģǧ֮Уնɵͨʮţͨȴеģȫܹסġ
Ůϲæ˹˾Ͷлֵˡ
д⣬һҪҶס˵ԼԺͻƵоҪȫָҶͰæˡ
֣ҲһˮأҲǧɼിʥˮҿľ磬ͻƽӦòѰˡ
ţ֮ǷȱľݷԪĻˡҶаϲ
Ǵ֮гɾͽģ֮񷱶ֲ࣬ȥ鷳ѣֻܴ֮ˣû뵽ﻹܹõ
кȻһ𵴵ˣеȻɢˣߴӰȻ֮С
һƵĽڶ֮гĽģӰƲݣһ׺ȽȽ֮С
ҫΧһƬͨ͸ӨΧĿռ価ͲһľӨ͸Ϊ֮Ŀѣ
ֳֽɫȵľǱڤӣеı׭һ͹Źֵģۣһֻ۾ŶһȦȦ״⣬ҫ˷
˾ǱڤӡŮҧгݵؿüһ˿ŭеĴ淢˵͵͵Х֮ˡ
Ϊ׵ıڤ俪ڵŮ㻹ûôֵȻ㣬ǼѾڳʧȥе̣ԹԵͶֵܣǲġ
ȴ룡Ů纮еĴꪻؾһĨɷ
ڤ粻飡кһŭĿӡ
ͷϵλӶɵΪеһֳһ߳ĽƣɢźĹââ֮󣬾Ȼһ̲סһҪ˯ĸо
һֹƻ˳ζ


481 ɻ
Ůʱֵؿǰ⡣
ĹҲԴѪصϵȵĹ嶷֮еľȴǲ㣬ԪһȴԶԶѰɣǾֹƻĵȻ
Ȼʵڷǳǧ֮еնɵͨеն⣡
նԶԶʤѰȻȻͨҲȲá
Ǿնһ̣ͷһתɢ˸Ľ⣬һƬƽӣؾ͵סնʴ
ǰѸһӰҶǰһնҶˡ
ⱱڤӡ˻һۣ¶֮⣬ڤеͷϽɫĲʢ
ŮһȻеĴꪴ֮ƣ˹֮ꪷռ価˿
ɫ΢䣬չ֮£ܿŮһеķֹתӺɹܽиĲƺϸϸɫƣֵܺŮֶΣŮĿֲʵ֪ģŮʵҲδܹùֻһ֣ȻҪ߾ȫζֹ
һ֮£սԱ̣̹֮Уǧ˹Ů߳һд֮£Χվ𵴳촷ۣʮѾƸ˳ȥˣ𱬣ըѳ⣬촷⣬˿
ɫ΢䣬ŮдѾͷӻӰ䣬վ״̬Χĵ뵲ƣĿѣԡ
ڤзҡ֮£˵նһһҶϣȴ޵κЧڡ
һһնҶϣȻû˿ĲȻðһɫ״һ߽Ҷü֮С
Ҷ΢΢һЦȻֽ̧ӡԺȻһȦѾһټĺڶɵն⡣
նȷԪССնܹģ
նҫԪƬ̣ҶȻٺЦ
ãȱͨءҶȻ۾΢΢Цü֮һȻס
ֻƬ̵ĹƬѾҶĿռ֮С
ǰֳֽƵӣü֮кȻɳһɫķˣյնʱɫķ֮ˡ
ҿնɽδܹ͸ҵĻ绤֣Ҷָһüģһ㾫ţһɫĻֵŮǰƾ͵Ľιᴩ޷״͸
ǧ֮һնɵͨնͬɱƵͨȴܹ˵ʶ׶ɻ˳ΪԷҳϵūնҪʩչͬǳϿΪնֻܹɻΪԼ͵Ķ֣ܹ
ҶȻ̧һץÿһͷɽȻһڰУסյϮն⡣
ƾնɽͣ޷͸
գҶ۾ָ̧һץеĽȻŤ֮γһɫķ
նɵնɽ⣬ʮĴҪԼҶ̧ת֮£ֽۣ֮۶һɫķ
֮תݡ
ڤӴʧɫ·ʲôֲĶһ㣬һ˺棬ŵؿҶתն
Сӣ㵽ǺˣȻ赲ҵն⣡
Щ֮ǿжɻǴȱ֮Ҷָ΢΢һգһ𶯡
ʮȻüһһϸ΢Ľǵڷɳתۼ䣬ͻָȻ׷䵽Ůߡ
ͨΪ׵ıڤӶʱɫ΢漴еĽƣҶ֮еȴҡҡͷ
صģŵ渽ն⣬ܹշЩҶеĽ⣬ڵһ޵УԪȴŻᱻն塣
ŮеĴһ£дһϢŭȻæǾͺðˣңһȥ쵰֪նǿ˶ٵһ֪˶٣
ˡ
նǧ֮еʮ⣬Էô׾ٵؾƽˣҲûʲôϡġȶ
ֻصֱͨӾܻ⣬ܹĥ⣬ǶĻҡԸϾûκá
ҶЦһ֪ļһΪնȣܹɵôվǼʶһ»ͨ
գҶһָһһգĽ֮۶ɣΧˮӿĽ⾡ɷ
ڤеնĽɫⲨˣɫͬʱٿȻ䣬ǲŵؿҶеն⡣
Ůһе쳽ꪻһꪾͽһ˸ػ
ľˣֻһͽɾӸڵأ
͵ŮӡҶаҡͷ̧һ֮£Ȼƿշڤӵͷϡ
ڤӷ˾ҵˣ޴𵴵֮һһӿȡ
ϵӡ֮£һƵӰͷϡ
ӱŮֱֶñͷܣͣط˾
˵ţٻͷԭ棬ֵסӵĽԭÿÿһκըѿ漴ֻԭ͵ģˡ
ţһ֮Ҷ˱ѹ˺ôҲΪˣñҶɻ
ҶɫķɣȻǵͷˡ
ֻصӡնԪ񣡡ҶһȣһһĻŷ˳ķһ㵱߸ͣ
ǿ͵˲Ϣ֮˵ͷ­֮УһɽɫĹⲨȾڵɵĿռ䷨򣬽ɫĹⲨˡ
ס˵ıڤӷŭСǵ죡ȻҪǶɻȴ룡Ϸһɣ
ǲҪˣҲǣھԱҲǾܣҶЦ쵰ң
Ťҵɫķʼһһεǵͷ­֮С
ɫķʼɢֻʣĴָСһ㣬ڽɫĹⲨ֮ƴţλһ㾫ʶ
Ҷ㾹Ȼĸң˺ôҲɣȻôǣ


482 ֮
֮֮ˣվ׵³ɻλʲôһľǸôҶһָ˵ü֮һƬĽ𲨲ͣص
Ƭ֮󣬽ɫĹⲨʼǵüΪ㣬ȻѸٵؿʼɢת֮Ѿɢȫеλãռ䣬һ֮Ѿ׵̱
ӺͱڤӶͫһƬ粻֮ɫɫʱ񱩣ʱƽ˷Ŵ֮˵ɫڳ׵ȶˡ
ȷһǾ˲ûо֮ģȻҶշˣҶȻӵд˵ģٻгͷ֮ա
Ҫ֪ûʲôܹȵ޵޵Ҳ֣ɾˡ
ɫĲƽɢ˵ȫ£ȫһλþ׸˸ʵʵġ
Ҷ֪ԼѾ׵ĳɹˣɻλɣ
ɫѾ˱ׯϣƬ̹֮ѾҶضɻˡ
Ҷĵ죬Ҳû뵽ԼȻܹ׶ɻôλɾĸˡ
ӺͱڤϥҶ
ݼͨ޴µٲԣ˼¡ڤӺӶƹ֮У˫ֺʮҶһ
ˡҶűׯϵ˵ӽ˾ͽԼͨɽԪյҳɾɾ֮δܹǶλһ޵ת
ķԸ´ӴǡڤӹֹҶ
ҶһЦ˻֣еԴҵҪͻƾˡ
˵һ֮£ʱͻһ⣬û֮УȻɢһɫ⣬ţеɽ类׹ͨˣһӴⲨ֮С
ӿɽ֮еʼͣع֮ڣһһϴˢʹϵӡóʵۻ
Ҷ̧һָ֮£ϵն֮ӡˡ
ն֮ӡϽˣ̴㴫Ҳ֮˹Ը֮ɵ֮⡣
ɺԥ͹׳ԼеļҵԹҶͻƵؽΪÿǹͨɽ磬ÿղԪֱ糤һ㣬Ѱ춴ÿյİٱҲֹȥò˶ãҶͻƽҪеԪҲȫ㹻ˡ
ŮҶȻҶ֣˸ոѾ㡭
ŮѣֻʳѡӶϣׯϣյ㻯;֪Ůԭ˹ȥ
Ҷ̧һӣ֮СŮŵؿҶȻܹ˶շôͲնɵͨ
ҶһЦָϳһɫˡ
ԭˡŮͷ֪ʲôûС
Ҷõ˵Դ׼ͻƽŮ
Ůͷû⣬һжϣҶԴĻŮеǡ

һµʱȥˣҶһֱŮڱչС
ڤӺ˻ԴˮһرҶ˽ȥȫʼƽ
Χˮ֮У֮ԼһɫߣһɹµϢҶķʼӿӡ
һ֮еԪȻɢ·ɽһ㣬۶һţ˿ɢ
Χռ֮нᾧļ
ı任ƿһ磡ҶճХһ
ǽ֮֮ΪԴͷƿһеķʹԪۣͣȻôһΧ֮ڡ
ֻܵԪȴܹ
֮мʹһ磬ǽ֮
νŮѵԴͻһˡҶŮ
ʵҲûʲôľˣҪľǷҪҸߣһ㾳ͻҲûʲôѵġŮֵļͷڵ
Ҷ΢΢һ֮еģڤӺӶλҹͣعͨɽ뱦֮УʹӵˣҶǿλɻ֮ееԪͻ˽֮
ͻ˽֮¾ͻƻ춴Ϊˡ
ͻ˻춴͵ڰֻ̤ɽ֮УҲ˵ɽ֮еķȡˡ
ҶںȻʵŮѣкδ㣿
ûʲô㡣Ůĵ̾Ϣһдꪵ⼸۵ʵǳ˹ţ͵һʶ
Ȼǿ󣬵ǱϾԪɲ㣬ŮҪҶһͬУѪ֮󣬱ܹܵذԴɵѪ֮е켣УͬһӤȻȻ֪ǰѾ̺·;ֻҪͰһܹɾ͵


483 ·
ϹȻɵת֮Ҳ˵ĵתֻ֮Եɺ֮£Ȼͻ֮ģǰļ켣֮˺оһ·̹;ܹʤǰӡ
Ůǰ߹·ѪѾΪ̺õģԺ·ȥȴҪԼغκ˶޷ģϴնһ¾͸ܴĴⲻֲܹȱݵʱ򣬸Ժͻɵؼ
ֵԭһлҵҶ˳
ŮϾѧʶǲ㣬ȻѾ޳ɣܸоԼڻкܴŴҶͬжȥһ·۵С
ҲáҶڵŮĪȽҵ֮пɺãһе䣬ķġ
ŮҲһ֮£һ⣬Ҷ֮С
Ҷλһ⣬ݺᱼšֻƬ֮Уƹ⣬ϼ뵣ʱʱ˷ɹ
޴֮УҲŸоһ˿ɽķɰҶΧµķޣҲٳ
һֺնȻƺ𣬻ߣӳյƺһƬơ
һƶһȻڿУȴǸһּĸоˡ
Ҷһ֮£漴ȥƺ֮סţֻģ˿ƶ䣬̺żŨĴһ֮漴ԼԪ
̹Ҷ΢΢һ̲֮˼ĴԪôȥĻò̫ãƲʾͻ˵ܹ׵Ϊһ顣
ɵħħ;һħܵĻҲûĹһħϴ˸ɾףﻹõȥɱ¾飬Ѫ֮ͬһ˵֮УͬҲɴħͷ
Ҷ˵Ц˰ɣŮ֮дħ˱а񣬾ǱԷˣڽħԳа򻷾ı䡣
ƣ׵ĹģԼֻһŵõʧ֮ĶѡҶЦɵĹħ֮ħ񼫣ħ˶ԣֻеһַѣȫƶ֣֮ɵ֮ΨеΪʵ
Ůѵĵ·ħⶼ޷½۵ģѪΪˣ֮һ;֮һ;ƫ֮ҶԵҪҵԼ·;ǳɵ֮ˡ
Ů°ȻؿʵҶ֣ʱ䣬͸ҽǧĵΣˣǺε
ҶΧ˼ľӹ֮Ҳħǧ֮еħѪǵ׹ǵ綾ħеʮϹ֮ͨУҲ֮˵
ԭˡŮ˼漴˵ͷҶԼǣҶ֣ꪻҪһҪҶְҼ¡
û⣬ʵҲֻĥѡҶڵҾȸѽһ»ͥѪҲ˵ģҪ֪ˡħԵ죬ؼȴʼղģ޵ֻҪ޵Ǿ벻͵ĳĹǾ͵ȴӻʼ𡣡
֮ʵѪǿ൱ʿ֮еΪһѾ׾ѵѪ͵ͷʵĹ⣬̲˼෨򣬾һƥС磬ŮѪоѵļĻò˶þܹɾɣŮȴǳͷβѪԹһУǲеģҪ¼޲ġ
ҶҲǺϧشڸ򣬽ԼĵһһŮΪ
ҽ޷ٽˡŮȻɥص
ǺǣѲҪɥ״ҪıֻǻɡҶЦѪƳǶ໨һʱѣҲûʲô֮䣬ֻҪܹͨߵľ֮󣬳׵ĵߵתҲͲѰˡ
ͨŮϲȲʵҶֿ֪ͨ
ҶЦЦ漴ͨ˲ӵݸ
ҵѡѡأŮɵЩա
ĵУҪôѡΪҪôѡΪ
кȻһƣˮͱ磬Լָа֮ǵߡ
ɱ֮ļмʹĸֵиһ㣬ʹ
Ҷ΢΢ü漴ԼĻסһͬʱȥŮ˼ȻǼĲˬ
ףеƺȻͣҶŮǰ
ɫ֮УԼоͷħһƤĵͣ˿УңңˣһĨаâЦ
ƤʿһаޣΪѾΪлͷԵصߵɵħ񣬴˴αչһħòױչؽ˼֮£ͳһƶ˴ǰһһŮˣǿŮʲףϵϢȴǿʱͶʱ˼
벻ﾹȻôһˣѵõĻɫգ¸µؼЦˡ
һ߳ˣŵڹ׹Ҷλã˾޴ħ࣬ªƥηŰΧ
ˮ֮УԼоͷħ˸¸µĹֽˡ
һ̶ϵˣŮʦǸϼѣһһ˲ţʦԵնͽ֮⣬ԹԵİΪʦ
Ҷüͷ֮УǸ¸ЦĵˣüȴǴһ˿а֮⣬һֱעߵŮ
ǲ֪Ů䣬û˵һ֮£Ȼзɳ
һѪɫĹ⻪ųˣһ˶ޱȵѪɫꪵջ衣һΧԪܵļ֮£Լεģη
˼˸ԼĻŮеĴһ֮£һۻɽ
ľŴħܵһ֮£Ȼ׷׶
λǰᣡᣡǧҪ
ɫɷףʱһתһˮͳܶߣľͷħҲΪͼֵסҶŮ׷ɱ
Ҷ̧һָ֮£һͨɫͻ͵ԪȻնԪͨɫĿһ֮£תۼͻһĿĵ⡣
˵ľͷҽûзͱִ綷Ԫһӳ׽鿪һ䣬һ¾촷ۡ
Ԫ͵һһĽ˱նɱ˹ˡ


484 
˵ľͷҽûзͱִ綷Ԫһӳ׽鿪һ䣬һ¾촷ۡ
Ԫ͵һһĽ˱նɱ˹ˡ
˻ɢۼ߾Ҫնɱͷ­ڣбȴѪꪣͷһѾ˸⽴
ŮһеĴꪣ˼ԲȦԼı
˶޴еɳ֮˵͡Ҷ̧ñסˣҪһȥô
ҪȥȥˣҾͲȥˡŮеĴꪵЩҴ򶷹ʿ٣ȥɳǵĻ˵ңҸɴ໹Ƕ֮ˡ
˵꣬ҲҶ˵ֱӾͷɽ֮С
Ҷһ·жȥȻǵһε޴֮Ѱɾȴѣֻתһͨһ磬Ȼϸһʢ֮أܹ֪ɳǵλˡ
ɳ֮ضͨͨҶɳ֮ת˼Ȧ֮漴ҵ˹㳡֮еͨ˵ͨȻͣȻжʮڵ
νǴ֮ۺɽе֮ɵĵҩû˿ĺʣҩЧԶԶʤһļ۸ܹȡʮ
Ҷ漴ȡ͵ͨˣֽ˵ź
Ƭ֮ƹһ̴ľ˹ҿĺ첼ݸһƣλѣǶʮƣţʱش޴ʮһɳȡҩ
ǺáҶͷƹ˼֮󣬺Ȼ۾λѣﻹһ׮⣬֪ѿɷȤ
Ŷʲô⣿˵Ҷʵ
ŷĺȻһЦ
̸̸ˡ
һӻӺ˹ӿӲʮ߰ˣһɫļӢһ˫̲ͫһһ㡣
˻һۣ˴˴һ¶Էʵܵ˶Էɲ⡣
ӱعЦ³ϣʵմ
ԽҲҶڵ
˵֡ϹһЦ漴ԸھҶ
˳˼֮󣬻ຮһʼ⡣
֪ҪЩʲôҶʵ
ϵӦǳ޴磬Ƕɳ֮УˮĹǧһεı״ᣬ׸ҸΪĵ׸С
Ҷҳէ˽ⳡ׸Ȼ׸Ӧɸҵĵϵӵܶѡ
ЦҶ֪ҲչָʵʱֻҪҶܹǳҵͷɣ׸ǷǻʤߣɸԵļԶѡ
ԭˡҶ˵ͷҿһ֮ǳܹʲôǮأ
˼Ƭָ̣ʮ
ʮڡҶ̧һƵ⣬ֱ֧ʮڡ
û⡣΢΢һЦ漴ȡƤ«ŵҶǰ
Ҷתʶһ£漴«ȥ
Ȼ˰Ҷסޡ
ҶĻһ۾Ϳƣνˮף˵ҲĶѣǸ˭ɵӣҲƣȻɳϵ棬һЩҪ׬ȡЩҩɢǰѡ
һαҶҪĿľӡӰԷͨҪĿġ
ڶһ磬Ҷ𴲺󣬾͸ųһǰˮȥ
ˮռŶϵĶɳǣɳ֮ȴʣö
Ҷͳϸո˳⣬һѾٵ˵ǰһʢװŮỨ˹
ӭҵүΪ׵ò绨Ů
ؿϵһЦ˻֡
Ϊ׵Ůųϱ󣬲¶һ˿үѵֻսһô
һ˾Ѿ㹻΢Цλʶһλѣ˴Ź׸ҲҪǳҳս
Ϊ׵ŮҶģ֮΢΢һ漴ͷ벻λҲǽ֣ȻˣҲʸˡ
ˮǵĹ㳡еλãһټ̨̨ΧһԲεĽ磬еĹ⻪
̨ܹ֤Ķܹ⼳ȡԪصԪΧĹڡ
ҶͳϽ˳֮ҶҲԣֱӾ̨
һ㶣û뵽ҶȻôֱӣ漴Цһ
һԾ̨Ƶصؼҵأ̵ѵֶΣʵմ
ضԣ붯֡Ҷ΢Ц
һȻּһѩĽৣƿյ䣬Ҷնɱ
ûʲôرֻ֮ʮ֮죬ͬ꼻һ֣漴һֿü˼ӦٶȣֱӾնҶ
һ֮ΧĿռ̾ͳһˮưĿռɴ˿ɼٶ֮졣
ȻҪ书һۣո˹ĺѣĿľΪҶǡ
ܿϧǳ׵ʧˡ
˲ɱͨȻԸͨͨҪöࡣҶ΢΢һЦһ֮£ǰĿռȻŤ˲ɱĽȻһŤȻһɶ
һƬĺ۴Ȼˡ
Ҷɵض˶Լۣ޵֮лҪúܶࡣ
Ҷԣ˲ɱͨҲֻڶԸµʿǣһ־ǵٸߣֻҪһƣ֮ء
ͨԸ֮ĸǾЩ΢ˣٿ죬ҲǵƤ˶ѣϣûʲô˵˺
ɫ΢ˣҪܣҶкȻɫһȻоԼʶ·һаУóٻޱȡ
ҶԴӸûȽ֮Ϳʼ˲ɱͨ˷˼ȶĶˣοСİϷ
ţҶӰȻһ𵴳ǧٵӰתۼͷɵߣһȭ޻صСһ͵Ȼ֮£Ѫشɳ̨֮ȥˡ
˵ڵ֮ȻͣѪȻҶ˱ԵһȭôܵģڵĶ綼ˡǧķ
ֶֺΡһڰ׵ۣ漴Ծˣ赺ᰣ̵ֶΡ
һؼţ֮ʿһɧȻᰵܴ
ҲǸԸԵˣով֮󣬱Ȼ˾޴ĹХسҶɨ˹
̨ϵĿռĺɨ֮£ֽƬɵһ㣬һ¾ͱʳ˷ˡ


485 Ѫ
˶ĻҶɨ˹ư磬ޱߡ
䲻ҶһЦȻ̧һӡ
Ҷǰ̤һ˫ֳſӡԲƷΧ֮кȻһһĲһƬڰ׻粻塣
һڰת粻ĺڰΧˣЩڰ֮Լɫת
ͷϺȻһһƹ⣬ĥ̰תϢؾôһƴĹҶĥһ֮£漴֮ײ飬Ȼͱĥ̸Ρ
ɫ䣬̧һΣһŶ̫쭣ҶҺ˹
ͨеͨ۷岻ϡ棬Ȼܹõƣһ֣ܹȫڲ֮ˡԱ߹ս೤ǲɵؿ
ᰵ֮̾ͱЩڰи֮Уţͱڰ֮еɫɨˡ
ĵȴͷϵĺڰƹһתͣ˿С
óȻǻϵ
ҶЦһסӡͷϵĺڰƹжȻɳһͨͨĻħ񣬽̤һſھɵЩ̫
ᰳХһһһ˫
˫֮£ȻڿлһԲжȻһټĺڶ
Ҷָһ̽һɫĹȻһ۴αȵĸֱޣͷ˹ȥ
¡նʱ˻ģһƬɢ⻪һ֮£˺ѿ
жȻһټĺڶڶһ֮󣬷·Ϲһ㣬ΧĹƺȥ
һɵͨҶ΢΢ͷɶҲΧϱţƾΧĺڶҲ޷
Ҷ̧趯еıޣһ֮վصס˶ᰵɵͨ
ƿҶ̧һָ
ᰵĺڶ֮йⲨƺһ̵˳ȥͬʱѪ
ԹؿҶһۣ漴ȥ
û˷֣ҶһƵĽɫ˿ڼתţ֮ͫУչֳ˸ոһսʩչ෨ˡ
սûʲôˣɳɢҶ֮£һ
ҶֻҪվ̨ϣѾǳڲ֮أеͨǰս˾仨ˮķûС
Ҵ˴λʤ׸Ѿûκˡ
ҶʮֲˬǣЩĵһҲûֻЩɢ޵лһЩͽ׵͵ѡ
ô˵ǲˡ
ɳеһԺ֮Уء
ϰ˸ָȣһʵľƺҶ㵹һˮ
Ҷ֣ǼҴɾƣ֮ɵģ̲Ԫ׳Դ
ţζҶһ¶֮󣬺Ȼڵľ綾Ƶͨͬʱ˶ɵɫ΢䡣
һɷıɱž綾֮ʼŰ
Ҷһûһزɫ˾綾ԪʼԼռ֮в֪ͣЩںɫĶȴͬţƤһѲ
Ɑ̲֮صҶȻ綾ͨ޷⣡
ٿԱߵĳϣȻЦ̣üĿ֮ȴѽֵĹ죬Ȼⶾµˡ
Сӣ㻹ܹɵóȻˣҲ͹ֲˡҶһЦһ֮£ɫ֮еĻ֮ڵѪסȻһһεؿʼڻ˿
֮Ƕκζ߲ܵģѪҶڵĿռҲʴ˼С
⼸ʴСȴתۼͱڻ˸ɾˣҶԣ⼸СѾ㲻ʲôˣֻƤ˺ѡ
˵֣ٸһڵظһƣЦؿӣЩѰζ
֣ȲغˣҺȾƣǺ⻹Ǵ⣿ҶûⱭƣڵ
һֱھϲɵĳһȻһڿлóӰ˲˰ɿ⣬ЦؿҶ
˵֣ǳĳʧˡһȭٺЦܹһͿȴû뵽Եǳɣ
ϳģҶޱص
ЦҶֶ֮ƽϢǻƣֻ³ĳҲϲҲᶯޱȵѪˡ
ҶɫƽصŶѪ򶾣ʲô
Ѫ򶾣ǳҵس֮еõһλսɵľѪλɱԼ䱩壬־ۼ֮УǳҺķŵ͵ӰΣܹƳ˾ŵΣǺǺǺǡ
Ҷ֣ǳҵѪ򶾣ֻѾֵסˡЦǳҵѪ򶾿רΪ׼ģҶȴǷˣǷеңܹͨӻԵɢҲٶһ̣Ǽ嵱Ըɾ翪Ķԣﻹ̺ɵķ򣡡
Ҷ˵ͷ漴ȷѪ򶾣治̺һɱǸ˾綾
Ҷޱ飬ɫŤͷңʵѵóֻܹôҶ֣ΪʲôҶĳʵ벻ʲôʱ˳֣ǵַԸң
벻ҶʵҲûеңҶֲȺѵû˵ƥﻳĵôϺٺЦһ˵ĺ֮ɫҿǻ˲ٵĵҩءϯĪλٵĿе֪Ҷϵͨͷһ£Ҷ֣֮ͨղܰ
ԭòȻıһɨգȡ֮ȴЦݣҶ
òҲûʲô
ЦҶֵҲЩѧҲΪҶֻ֣ҪҶܹ¼ͶӰһж˵
أҶɫ䣬ɱա
ϿҶǸݲȵģֱЩصôֻܹȱԲˣҶֱҲ塣
¶ʱ֮Ѿûˡ
ϿΣȻһ֡
ҶıȻ߹Ӱļ
Ҷɫ˿
һɫľݲƺȻɢ˿˷и˹ȥҪסҶĻʱͬегĶΣ֮Ļ˵ϲҽ³˱綾ʴŧãתۼ䣬֮Ļڻһ̲ŧѪضǡ


486 ׻춴
Ҷ̧һָ֮£ɫľݲƼи˹ȥһɾ綾˳ȥ
ҶһǱƿ˹վ
ϣҶҶ֣ҽձȻ㸶ۣҶ͵վһ
һŭ֮£ķջζݣӵһ͡
кȻһɫĴ֮£ڳϵıϡ
ϱʹһſ³һѪŭҪŹҶСѾֲ֧סˣˣ
Ա߽ʮ֣ǵصΪ
ҶЦһȻ̧һָ֮£ڹãһɺڻƽӵһϮ˹ȥڿеʿǱɺڷһ֮£Ӱ㣬ʱһԴӿеˡ
ɺڻƽӵ֮Уͬʱ̺;綾ִͨ˫֮£ĵҲ޷ֵ־綾ʴ
ʿ綾֮մȾ֮£һʱ̵ĹͻŧѪ
Ҷչ˺ȭתۼͰҴһƬǽ壬ѣɽλ
µص´ֲ֮£Ҷһסͷ­ָһ֮£˿
Ҷڵĸֱһ֮£Χ̻ͤ⾡ͨ𵴳촷ۡ
ҶЦһȻһ־סʿġ
ɫɷ׵أֱؿҶôҲ벻ףҶΪʲôѾжȴ˵ͣҸ˵Ļҡ
Ҫ֪Ѫ򶾿ɾմȾ˶ľ綾
ҧҧȻӻͳһžɫķΪؿһۣһҧ˿
кȻǵӰͻأس˳ϵͷϣ˷ֱ졢סɫ
ڳкͳӲƴҶȻоһһӴѹȻ
Ϊ׵ĺ۵Сʲôô
λǰ鷳ˣҰСӸסҧ
۵ˣǺãһΰˣ˵ĳ͡ţ⣡
ӰҡһΣټĻ춴ȻҶΧ
СӣֵһǣŴӡ
ҶֻΧռһϣ˷·һյ֮һ㣬ȫɲԪ˵ڵҲ·˷˺һ㣬ڵԪҲʼкֹ
ҪˣҶطŭˣΪܹҷסˣ
ҧҧȻгȡһɫȨȨȵ渽״ͼ
ǵթһƷһѾٶɹ׽ٵĵ
ֻ˺ܶ飬˷ӡֻҪҿ˷ӡ̾ͻ׽٣
Ҷ˷ӡһ̣ɳǵϿкȻƱɫ޹⡣
̣̣һִڿŤһ˶ۺȻˡ
ãСȻ׽٣춴˴ʧɫ
ʱ˿̣۵ΧվҵزټĺڶҲˣֱӦһλ춴ˡ
ꡱһԭŴӡסҶԪܲסɾ޴ȻĲѺۡ
Ҷͷ亹Խ֮˼·ٵתš
֮Ϊ֮ϱΪϣػݣתƴ
Ҷһ˫һţķתԼ·š״һ㣬Ѿ̬ͨ뷢ʹذ̬ӳ
һװĴ«Ȼˣȼ֧תǿ˻춴
ҶͷȻһڵС춴С춴ΧľɫʼŤ춴ʼ𲽵ؽΧѾģŤ綼ɣһ硣
¡¡
ʮǵˮɫԱ춴֮УԱͬʱλ˵ҽټĻ춴ҡҡ׹
춴ıԵشԼϸĿռƬ벻ݡ
׻춴޵յһͷ֮⣬Ѱ޵߽׻춴вԼеͨͼͻŤѣҶڵͨȴѾ㻯һӵԵ񣬲ֹеķͼ̬Ѿӵһ͵Ļԡ
Ȼ˿ЩͨѾ׵Ťȴϣʼձһ˿͡
Ѿǿ֮ĩԾܲڶ׺
¡¡
еĵٴһסססͬʱԱλ˵Ļ춴֮Уλ˴ֲ֮£춴֮зһغͱ𱬳Ƭɢ
ҶɵĻ춴ʼתݣˮһ㣬λ춴ȻĻ춴ƬԼڣû֮価˸ɾ֮ͱ򴨹麣һ㣬ѸԼ֮С
Ҷ˿Уԭڰ׷˫·𻯳һ㣬ǳ˸ͣ
ֵĵѾˣҶеľƷȻûж׽٣Ҷ˫ֺͣϢ֮£˰ʮӡǿзסԼƷϵϢȻֽȸ֮С
ҶԶԶش˹
ϣϵѪѾҸѹסˣڿʼÿ춼ᵽɱǳ֣һֱɱסΪֹҶضһ䣬漴һתʧ֮С
ɫٿȻ쳣ࡣ
ˣټеĸȥΧɱϱ
ҶȻŵԣÿȻᶨʱȻɱҸ֮Ȼñ򣬽ҵļ츣ؾ˸ϡãһƬǽ֮漴·ˡ
ҵ˼ûһҶоִ򲻹ֲáҶսʱѾĳ뻯ĵزˣʱ嶼κβοЩС
ҶѾǻ춴Ϊˣ³˼ϹŶ֮⣬ûĶ֡
̶̼ĹҶɱӵΪͰҵһҵ׵ĸˡҵ˼ء
̰ĳǼµģͬģ׼ŭҶǼµģһɱҡ
Ҷؾܵ˳ҵأдƻ

֮һص֮С
ҶС
һֵӰɽмٴתۼҶɽλá
Ҷ۾ƵĴӡ
˭
֣ˮǵˡӹЦеصˮӵ鱨˴˳ҵһʵҩ
ҶȻԸô
ӴЦȻˣôĸ嶼µȶֻ֣ѡ
Ҷ˵
ӳһ£ͳϣûкͽĿԣ
Ҷüͷתͷעӣصٺô
ɫһ漴Цôأ˹ңҪܷԼһ棬һºͽĿܣҳ׾ܾˣҴӦתһ
ӺٺٸЦѡ
棿ҶصòҪʲôаɣϴθ¶ڻ˶ٵ֣
⻰˵ģ㲻ҪôâģϵͨͷۺǺġһۣĵصϳǳġ
˼˵Ӳãֲʲôʲôıƺ˶ôҶؿڴ漴ʵ
Ӷʱˣô˵ȥҶ˵Ҫˡ
вɵذȺ̰Ļ쵰ǣǿˣȻҶ⡣
Ҵɲз֮󣬹ҽʱӾͻͽ⡣ҶеľƱػӦһ䣬صҲܹǣ㵱ʲôˣľһͷƤǣܹԵҵʱ򣬾ҪƤǵĳȥԲźͽ⣬ΪʲôǮƾͿԺΪĴΣҲѳڵķѣǾ֡
ӵһ
ҶеĴˣص鷳仰תɡ
õĳڳˣڲòˡ
һŴݵĳɫ쳣ؿҶ˸ŲܶƵıŭɫ
ȻʱòģұҶڵһϢջ̻̲֮ȫʼһǴϣ⽻֮£˰һеƵͷˡ
ҼҲԸҶκҶҲʮֵģȸһأǶи֮ٴγ֣˸䡣
ҶֶιݣնݳĺݶҼķѡ
ѪȻȴǼܲס嶾תҶͷϺڰ׽ɫɫתݣһЦò㣬֣ڵȻҪ𣬵ѾҪҩˡ
ɫ̣ʧǵؿ


487 Դ
ҶӦù˰ɡ˫Ѫ죬ͺ
ҪңȴҪ˵ҹݣϣ㵽׻ҪҪҶЦؿɫĳϣһûе
Ѳɸ¶ԼŶҩɣ
ɫ䣬ʱ˿̺޲ýҶ̻һ㣬ܻͷ֮ŭò׻˾޴ĴҶ֣һ֮ھȻת֮ͱҶ䣬˼Ҫˡ
ã̾һʱһʱͿŽҶȴУҶ֣Լ˵ôɡ
ҶŸ첲ЦصãȻǳϳ⣬Ǿͺã鷳ǳҵ˾Ͱ׸˰ɣ˰׼ҪҹĿ⣬ǳѪ򶾺ͽҩ׼ʮݣǳҾӪôôҲӦļҷǲǣ˼ҷӦôãٶ˵˰ɣ
ҵĴ֮󣬽ʵʵصһڳеĳ˶ϵۿҪҿˡ
Ҷ㲻Ҫ̫ϲȻŭҲ̰ͼķȻҪҲɣ
ҶɵЦˣһҪ̫ˣܰôϡ
ҶֶμֱǶӵ˷ָҪóҴӴ˳ڧ֮ķѰ

ӳթһ֮յ˳ϵ׼Ҷ漴ͶܵһƫƧС
һǿͻ˻춴磬Щ׽ٺҶԳδչ
Ҷͷϵ֮кȻһ㵭ľ⣬ţŹⲨɢ˿չһƹⲨһķ򳹵׽һ
Ҷķ޴úΧ֮ƺ񣬻ӡֳǹìֿ߳ȭҪƿϱڣɱһ㣬ڤڤ֮һͬҲϻ춴һ㡣
أǿ󣬺嫣߹ҪõϿɣ͵ýܿ顣
׽١
鲻ϸǾζһ£ԼԶʧؼ䡣
ɾͻ춴֮ҶһֱоԼĻ춴ҲѴһ㣬Ǹݣոת춴ʱо׽١
һķѾҶ֮ˣһϣ漴໥ںϣȻһ壬ɾ˻춴ڳɾͻ춴ʱҶֲɱؼȡλ춴˵Ļ춴ԪڵĻ춴һֱڱǣҪ׽
Ȼ׽ǿնɱλ춴֣׻˺֢
ò˶ãҶ¾͵ҪԸ׽٣ɾˡ
Ҷ͵͵һĿռ֮Լĵ߲ƣЩռ俪ʼͣŤ˿ˣ֮һټĻ춴
춴ײλԼһƬɡƸһ㡣
ʱ˿̣ͷϵϣȻһ㵭⣬Χţһ㵭ƻ粻壬ȴ޷ݵԼС
λãȴķ
ĩˣǷͼ
ԭˣͨ챾Դ⣡ҶȻ򣺡һһ㣬ʵ̲ż̵Ԣ⣬һɽ籾Դ֮չǾǸԪķԪ֮£Ǹ֮ͨͨ¾ͼͼ֮£Ƿ֮£ĩԪ
Ϊ춴ľԼıԴӴ˵ɽϡҶȻģ춴磬ǽķתΪԴһ̣ɾѾյһֱԴܷԼ˵еǷֻǵıԴأ
ҶŮҪصɣ׼ɽͻˣ׼ȥ
ŮҡͷٻصֵطҵĹͷˣһǼķˣȻ׼ҪȥҾ͸һȥɡ
ҶЦص֮󣬼Լ̳ӣԼôŮ
ŮģȻʯ쾪صҶ֣Ϊʦ
һûʸʦ
ŮҶ֣㲻ǫѷΪԶԶʤҡ
ҶĲǫѷŮ֮ߵգ˶ѣۼ޵Ļ۳һǲġ
Ůͷͬ˵ȷҲʵһ֡
ҶȴܴѧʶŮ԰һѧʶԨʿ£ҿɹûҼƽ̵£ǶǾУоḻõܶ࣬Ҫ˼йḻľ
Ů˵ͷǺðɣҾͰھɹ£鷳һˡ
Ҷ漴ˡ
ߵʱҲûĨԼеĺۼĳٳʲô۶
ʱ˵˲ٹڴǹഫԣ˵֮еĴǹϽǵλôһ壬һЩħħ˷ǹ񶷶Σ߶ܾˣǵĥ֮£ʮһ˸ʿǶ󣬼ս֮󣬴ǹʿǵսڲĥ֮УȥߴݼǹȻһ¡


488 ɹ׽
ѾǵصΪˣǰʲɱһͷ֮󣬳ȡͷеķֵõ˼ɹʱ䡣ɾ˵صΪˡ
ԼȥĻô϶һɣֻǵۼԼҪذһͷˡ
ǹ֮е೤ΪҲ̫ߣǵһֱı̲ģǰȥĻҪʮʱ䣬˳״ӱɱǹ壬ȻŻӵ̰뵨Դǹʼˡ
ҶҲûȥˣ˵ЩѾĹϽ룬̳ܲġ
ص֮кҶǻص̫ɸ֮Уݼ˾ѣŮټôһɾĵӣȻûƵĵֻŮݣȴʵɴƮһҶĺòΡ
ʵҶҲֻ֮ϷѣҶŮ˫޵ͨѾﵽʤľ磬˴֮ͣʱһ򵥵񣬾Ѿ˻֮ˡ
ҶĬƬ̣ĸҪɹ׽ˡ
ɹĵصɾͶɰɣʲô˵ģ
Ҷһ£ǵкûף̡
ûġɹõ׽ٵĿֲǿ󣬶ıĪ⣬һıĪ⡣
ٻ˵ѪͶ־ЩϼһǱȲ˵ġɹõҺֶǾʱ䣬۳ģһ£òɹ׽٣ߵ·ӲͬҪ˵ѪӲ׽١
Ҷ̾˿ڣĸ׽٣һëëòá
ɹõҶд˵ˣô׵֮ûģֻΪǰ̫ƣǿĶֻ֣ҪݵķΧڣͻᱻƵİ˾ŲʮˣҵеϰȥݣҲʧ飬㲻ӦȴǶҡʵġ
ҶĬȻƬ̣лǣҡ
ɹ̾ƮɴͬҲڵ㣬㲻صǣĵȥɽٺˣɲȥҲѰٻġ
ҶǿĸͿ涾
תһ룬Ѿĸе˼ˡ
ӵжĻ֮İ̵ܹʱڲҵĻ𻨣𣬶ӵгˣֻеһĨѤԻ͵ĵ׺龡ɢ֮ʣľǵֿ֮иĸϬĬ
ĵ£ǿиĶ󣬵ҲͬԻĮ
ɴƮ嶼Ҷսؼʱ̶ԺɵΪԷԷԲɿܵʱԼҲ˶塣
ԼУԼĵУȴǶһ˴ãã֪֮ѰٵڣȻնһ
ҶΪ˫޵ֻܹͨ޵ܹУ˴˵ͨӿݶѣʵǧͨԶԶѰ޵ʿôǳŴռĿģΪϳԲ֮ȻȻؾôն
ͺñȹϹ͸ˣһõϣһȴȻ죬ѡ
Ҷһһ
ǵûԷѵص

Ǻ֮У̿ϴơ
Ҷȶϣ붨˴Բ硣
ͷϣ춴֮УһĴָСľ޵š
ЩչУԼĻ춴֮УȻγһ㱾Դ֮Ƕɹ׽ٵĹؼ
ɣ׽٣ҶȻһȻըѵ
һһķӡڷ˳ըţЩӡһƿԭʵ̷֮Ʊɫ
꣡꣡ʶңԶ֮ɽ֮кȻƱ任һһټһɨգ˳ʶ͵سҶ͵˹
ҶĿͷϵĻ춴֮˿˿ƵĵٻǾһ㲻ͣػζţ˿˿ƵĵͣŰҪļ˺ѣȻسڻһ㡣
ҶɫľȻһΣѾԼ仯һټĻ춴еԼ֮С
ԼĻ춴֮УķԼĻ춴Ѿһ̵أЩϵʿ
˿˿Ƶɽ׆죬ʼͣڵĻ춴ռ䡣
ϱڵĿռг˲ĲƣһըѵĲѺۿʼͣ뵣֮ȴǲͣתţһɹ֮Ѹռ䣬Ȼʼͣ
ʵʵ޲춴
ɽ֮еƺɳƸŭˣһһɵɫ֮ҵգ֮ƿʼҶںݡ
ҶɫѾǳŤˣζû뵽ɽ׷֮оȻ˵ԶԸ
ڵĿռը漴ҽϵ̫ɵ֮ϣ˷ĳǧ֮ڵϱںȻӡ
ӿ֮У˿˿׷翪ʼԴԴϵؿʼ棬ʹӿʼѿ׳
е׷øһЩɣҶҵһ
Ȼٴμһδɹ׽ٵľƷɽ֮е׷֮۷·𱻳׼ŭһ㣬һĿҹⱬٴζһǧٸըѿӿع֮УԭѾͣӾȻٴοʼ׳
һִĵѷ֮гӿͬˮӿ˲ͣŵ֮Уֿʼͣط賤
һɹ׷ʱҶþƷֵҶȴҪֵƷ׽٣Կʼͣش߻Լӡ
һȭͷСʵ֮֮ˣԱߵλĿɿڴ
Ƕɽٵʱǵսľλүûк£ʮֵӭ׽٣λɾȵĿɿڴҲˡ
ҶƷƷڵ׷ŵķȡ
춴֮ǵеıԴ֮𽥵׳š
ĵҶıԴ֮ʲôô׽ԣ෴ҶıԴ֮֮£ʼ𲽵׳
ԭĴָСһ㱾Դ֮Ѿ͵ȭͷС
ҶȫĵسУǽ˴ϲ硣
ɽ׷׹ȥˣҶ۾ȻоƺЩʲô̧һ£Լϵһ㼡·մɿӰ㣬˵Ϸ˰׹ˡ
ļֳ˽ɫĹʯһ㾧Ө
ҶһΧҷХԪ·һ޴Ŀһ㣬Ŀѣԡ𺳲ѡ


489 ޳ν֮
ҶȻſڣһ֮£Ԫӵ
ڴ󲿷ַѾתΪԴҶȴǸоԪɵļȲˬ
ͺñȳԷʱ򣬳ôһѼӲķʳҪľ׽ˣȻȥ
ҶƬ̣ȶʶ֮С
һԪѾ˷ӡѰԪҲˣܷԼ꣬Щ΢СԪѾӵ˷Щ΢СȴҪͺñһɳһ㣬ҪǼ׵顣
òһԪѾԼˡҶаԳԾͷʣɽ編ջҪͻƣ͵ȥɽ磬ΪɽӽԴĵط١
˼֮䣬ҶȻоԼԴȻڽԼ
һźŲʢĻһźǳ˯޾ķ򣬴
ɼ෴ȴγһȻһ̫תݡ
ҶȻԭˣԴڴˡ
Ϊɾ磬ҪƽĽܹĳΪɡ
Ϊɵľ磬ǽһֵķתΪԴΪɣҪڵ෨նɱ
һؾնɱ֮һϰ
ܹܹսʤ
㵽졣
޳ֻػһΪɫշΪλӰ˼䣬ɽˮΨֱָϣ赲ңزܾѹңʱղܸңΪɣҶһ˫ֻ졣
֮֮УȻһһŹˡ
ǺɫĹų˵ߵɫĹȴǺڰ䣬һеı
ŹͣתţкɫĹ֮дһ޷ݵ֮ɫĹȴͬһһ㣬Ųǿ
ȣ
Źתٶ֮£ȻԶԶһξ룬Ȼײһ
Źһ㱬˿ҶоԼ˶·ٵصһ̣ǵԻ֮һ㡣
ΧȴΧҶȫ²ͣĤ̳ţ컨׹׺ա֮׷ꡣ׷ˡ
֮ɷ򡭡Ҷо뵽ƽϢ
ռ֮УһöһӲͣתţΧһķ򳹵׵ɣȻʼɢԼɢҶȫµÿһĽ档
֪䣬еɢ׻ָյ
ɣһس׵ĳɾ˳׵ɰҶָһգɫ漴ָƽ֮ɫɽĹӦܹɽ֮˰ɣ
ʱ˿̣ɽ֮еǴʮҲֹҶ÷ԼҲܹƮƮطˡ

Ǻ֮Уһ羰֮Уﻨ㣬տԭҰ֮Уʱʱɼޣлвٱ㻯ɵľʯ
Ҷվһɽ֮ϣе̫ת֣һɹ쳣ӿ֮֮С
ɴƮ壬վԱߣϸعĦҶ̫תͨ
ĹⲨת֮£һȽȽ·ɿǶĳһ㣬һӯӰ
ڳԻ˳˳Σһζض֮С
Ҷվɽ֮ϣգңԶɽ磬ɢһǿҵ֮ڵȴĽ١
ҶɴȻ󣺡ʱضɽ֮ˡ
ɴҶתͷ̾Ϣһô
ɴƮվҶɫдһ˿Ȼ֮ɫû˿Ĳᡣ
Ҷ̫ڸɴ֮ͷβˣɴƾԼոճɾ˻춴ƮҲѾƳϣɴֻǵһֻĵΪѣֻǻûжɹ׽١
޼ӣƬĺ֮в֪ɹ˶¡
ȵƮɹ׽֮Ҳ١ҶЦһ·Ѿȴе黨΢Ц
ԱߵɴҲȻ΢ЦףһҪٵģӵʱǶԣ֮ȻԻиܹǾ
Ҳʱĥ
ˣΣ᲻ΣվҪߵġɴϴƵЦ⣺ȥɣҶˣȻѾɾɣûƳ㻹ȥɽɣҶȻҵĵл㣬һżóģϱźܴǣ㣬ֻẦ㡣
ţǣҡƮҲص˵ͷסҶģһ£漴ͷſˡ
ͬɾɵɴǣҶĽŲɾɵƮ壬ҲѾ
ԣҶȥˣŮǻỳҲ˱ˡ
ΪһеһлŮ࣬Ƴ֮УѾΣѾҪ
Ҫȥɽȥ̽һ·ҶĬȻƬ̣סС֣ĺˣһǵģڴ֮ǰȥݷһƽ̣
ȻŴִѹѹƵļ̧ͷɵԴСҲʮεһ飬ϾȴҪع򣬲ܺҶãƽҲֻ˵Ŀ̴ѹˡ
ʱӦøԼ֮һƷӦġ
Ҷһ·УصԼҵ֮Уֱ߽ƽ̴֮С
ƽڱ֮ϣҶɿЦԼԴӹƽ̵ͷ֮󣬾ʹû˾ҪˣλøҪ˱ˡ
ƽ̲գһҶ֮̾ͱһ¡
Ҷƽ̵ɫЩ֣벻벻ȻĽΪɣ
ƽ̹ҶЩŹ֣Цƽ̣Щʼˣ
һ㡣Цתһ룬ɾߣд컯ҲдҲûʲôˣ㻹ʲôҪ˵ô
ҪҷϢȥƽ̡ҶȻĻҲò˼ǧ֮ͨɾǵڶˣز˳֮
˼ãڵףҶͨɽ֮Ҳиģͨʥ̣ȥɽоʵڶռѣǾȥɣȻʮĹϵվôһԵڡ
лƽ̵ָ㣬ҶסҶ˵ͷҽλǸƽ̵ġ


ľ ֤ս


490 ɳ
ɴƮ彻һ֮Ҷٲɣҿϵķӡ
Ȼ޷Զ޴ķʼųԼңԶɽ֮ȴԼ
ҶƮƮзȥڽӽռϱںʹʱ򣬿кȻԶطֿһͨԼ׾ٵͨˡ
ҶҲķѷֻǸ֮еһ׹⣬ƾ׹ԼƮƵǰɡ
֪˶ãҶȻоһɡ֮£֮ԴԴϵԼķ֮Уתۼ̩ͨĿ
۾һǰʱһƬ£ĴɽΡ룬֪жǧɵľ޷壬֮߿֮лڿеΡɽ壬滹ƽԭأԶԶƣɷɽ֮жݣ޴дԾ
õطһܱȵ޴Ķ츣ذҶһ˳
ԼƺЩΧĿռϱڣоЩģҶ֪ɽ֮зٶԴ࣬γɵĿռϱǲһ㡣
ԶԶһȻ˸֮ԼӰ
ǰҶæתסǵˣȵ
ʱͣҶһۣɫʱһݣλ֣к£
Ҷ˲ֻǻ춴Ϊڵѣ³ɽ磬֪ʲôط
Цѣ³ǵĵ򣬵ѳûи֮ǾͲ³ȥ
Ҷ̸֮УоΪӣȫȻû޽еļ黫
֪³ǵĳÿٰһʢᡣ˿ڵ³һΪչΧʿǣÿʮ궼ҪΪףһΡ
Ŷԭˡ
ҶʿĿ˶³ĵƳ֮ͣ⣬Ȼһͬǰ
Ůӵֶηǳ˵ãֻ³е̶̻ѣֱӾͰ˾³ΧʿϽȡ鷢һ֮³⣬ǽף͵ڶϾЩʿе·ˡ
ΪЩʿȫָ³ṩĽ
̸ֽ֮󣬵ˡ
ȻˣԼҲǰȥҶ΢΢ݻһλҲи֮أ
뵽ҶһȻһͨ˸鶯֮⡣
ոԪ
ƳһףһĵҶԱߵԪ
ԪķһȦȦ״תڼٵʲôһ㣬Ƭ֮漴ˣף֮⣬һҪŴܹͨͨ۳ɾƷɱɵҪ֮
Ҷ̧һ㣬һ֮˳Ԫ֮С
ռ֮Ĳ϶˳
Ԫ˫һ죬ΧˮɰһŻסЩɰأЩɰѾڻһɫ壬ŵǹ⡣
Ҷ˵ͷ̧һ֮£ȴٿȻɳһ𴿰ɫһ𴿺ɫ޶ĴԪʹԪ
ףԪԪҲ˳ĴԪŵΧסͬʱ³һŨԪһţ׵ʯ֮УڿвͣŤţһֻ״ķɫͬСһ㡣
ֻֻ״ķĴɲﻨߣֻʮֵ;
ĴԪͬʱķһķȻıȽϴ󣬵ǱδʧȥֻҪһʱ䣬ͿԻָˡ
Ҷָһһ̫˳ֻֻĹⲨתˮʼ͵ĹⲨһŲٵˮһ㲻ͣ׳
ʱƣһӯĹⲨ˳

һĺͯЦһװСޱŴ˳
һѩ׵ˣֻһֵĵڣһ˸оһϲ͵Ϣ
Ҷ̧һ֮£Сͻ˯˹ȥ
µС飬ʵͬӤһ㣬ûǣӵһһ㡣
ͽɡҶЩֵظֻӡ
ֻӿνͨΪһľޡ
ҶЯһ·ֱ³֮С
³ͷӿӿȴǾʿۼһ
һƫƧɽԵ򣬶һЩɢ޼ۼһģһЩǵʿǡ
³ȴоԵ³ҵۼء
Ҷֵǣɽ֮Ҳߵģʿǻ춴ͽľ硣ɸ֮٣ҶӵɵΪ֤ʵ
³ǵĹ㳡֮Уڿ¶ˮϯһЦ绨ŮվڵУڶʿеؽ̸š
Ҷ˽֮ɢŵɵΪϢȴһˣ³ͶЩȤ
³ϵϢȴʤҶһһƮȻϢΪѾɵľˡ
³Ҷڵ벻ѾȻɵΪֵĺܣϵϢҲͬһ㡣
³ҲǸոմ½֮зڷĸ磬ˡҲ档Ҷһ漴зϣ޳Щ⣬ıġ
ҿ˺ӣ¶澫ϸ
Ưӡ³һ漴ʹ棬ֵظţɢԣиǻϲ
ϺȻâʢһɫⲨϻͣسˢϴеĿ
ֺӻ˯֮˹ǰŮӣһ࿩Ц漴չ˳ǵظĻŮϲ
ҶոγûãûоܹʱĴĥֻһֺӤģһ˵̬
һƷĵȻҲ׳󣡡Աߴ˽ˣԼмͱ֮
Ҷɫ˿䣬ܹ֮㻯ˣôһǹһЩ֮ѡƷȴǾ޴ġ
ϲֵΪһЩ˼³ֵظӣ漴ָֺޣͯĿЦϲá
ȻǾƷµϴԪǲѡ񡣡³˵еӣصҾˣּȻ׼³ǣȻǻӭģֻҪѭǵһЩأǾǱǵһˣԻӻ㡣
лɡҶһЦҶĳһΪǾһ


491 Ѱͨ
³ʮˬ죬ͽҶ˽̸֮ҶĲѧţŶ³ζĵΪġ
³ܹӪ֮ãƾֶǲܵġҶɨΧɵصͷ
Ҷҡҡͷֻͳ֮ʣһǻıصˣһͳϿʵڵ˭ܹøأ޵ֻҪӵǿʵͶѾ㹻ͳһˣҪôֶΡ
ԣǾ٣ʵ֡³΢Ц
ȷƵģεƷҲܶ˵ˡ
ܹ˵̹ȻѾҸеܳԾˡ
Ҷҡͷ֮ҪֻͨҪһЩܹ֣Ȼ֮£ܹİ˾š
̸Ͷ³ҲҶĲѧ۷ΧٵΪʼɡ
ɵ˱ûôķȽڡǴŮ֮̸˵Ҳûʲô˵ˡ
Ҷ֣ҿɷһ⣿³еӣʵոʱܸоĿЩһһַиУܷԭ򣿡
Ҷаλ˼ϸ壬Ƭ̣ɿԲ˵˵Ҹߡ
ԡ³ĺܹһֻèһֻèֻҪ˵һߡ
ǣһλ£϶ФơҶͷһ̲ס׽֮⡣
óӺһЩ˼³΢΢죬ȴ˿Ϊ裬ĦеӣԣҲĵöӣ
ǰɡҶһЦ
˵ĺܾ١͵Ҷڵո˵һ£м£
ĸҶĸָ
³һݣóܻ顣
ҶһЦ޵ʿ֮䣬Ѿ˼ǿŮŮҲƺ֣֮ҸԵȨζǶԵȣҲûл뱳֮˵ֻа벻ĺѾӦɽ硣
³Ҷ˼˰Σصûаãܹ˵һ˵ô
㣡Ա߷ɹһŮӣһɫװףסֱۣ½㣬˵ոյõһƯӣɣ
Ů³ǰׯһഺŮ»ãȻ˼֣ҶкøС
ҶΪ֮ȵǣŮȻҲɵΪˡ
³ЦļͷӮ棬ҪˣöոҪĥϼӮ棬⣬ȥһλѣλѶԣټһֻҲʲô˵顣
𣿡Ӯ漴ֶҶ֣ҼҲأܷһöǮ
Ҷһ漴ЦǮʲôͲҪˣҳֻɽתһתٿǰֻ֮ǻ֪ȥʲôط
ŶȻˣҲΪ򵼡ӮһЦֻҪôһģһӾͿˡ
û⣬ҪԼˡҶЦ
Ůֱڿ죬ˬĿģȴҶкøС
ŮҪЩĨǵ˸øˡ
Ӯʵ֣֪׼ȥĿģ
ʹȥͨһɡҶ룬漴ڵ
̣ͨӮȻҵ˵и̣ͨɽ֮һĹһɭϵģȥʲô
ɽ֮һҶ˼һ£漴ҾͲ˵ˣȥͺãʱҿԿһʱ䡣
ô˵ˣӮʱϲ
ΪŮȻлһͯ棬ûѰ޵ߺҶȴҲе⣬ǧͨԪֻ˵޵֮·һ񣬲ܹ˵ûеõĻԵҲϹ޵תҲ˵
ɾʹи;ʮ˲֮жгɾʹ֮ſԼ˼룬ܹͨܶڴͳʱڵ֮мһЩƻĵĳɷ֣ڽڵӵͬʱҲڹĴԼɵĵθҶȻΪ룬ȴǽɵӵĵ;ѣֻᵼɵû䡣
ϹʱвٵȻɵ޵תֻسˣЩתȫЩʿһ㣬ȻֻأĨȥǰϹŵļ䣬ǳɵĺۼԼֻҪһȷ˳ʱȻȻؾܹѭۼ߹һ飬Ҫκεĥ£ܹɾɾ
ЩתԣֻҪӵ㹻Ԫɾɾˮɵ⡣
Ҷ¾͸Ӯ淵صڵһСɳ֮УɳҲԶ
ӮһɵĵӣеĳеλﾭӪһ
Ҷڵĵ̣Ϊ塣
ӮȻϧҵĵһֱá
ⲻãȻˡҶרҵ۹λã漴Ц⴦λòգҲ޵ĵطĶһЩʵ͵ķȻûЩ͵ķˡ
Ӯ澪ȵصȻ㶼ˣ
Щ鲢Ҫ㡣㶼ֻʵĵ֣˵ǱˡҶ̽һָԼ̫ѨҪľ۲졢㣬㹻ˡ
ӮƶǶص˵ͷŹֵؿ
Ů˲˵˵̸̸Ϊ졣
Ҷ֮Ȼֻصֱܹӿģȴܹ׾ٵشܹƲԷ̬
ߵ۷壬֮ͨ
ô̶ֳȵġҶʵʲô
߶·£ɳָ㡣Ӯüë˳֮󣬶Ϊҿ϶йʲô߱ʲôɽ
Ҳˣ۾鶼㶨һҶܹɾʹ֮һ˭涨һɵԸܹɾʹأͳôԸศɣҲûʲôֵġ
ɾʹӵһŴ飬͵־֮⣬ûбˣҲ˵ϹŵĳλתҲ˵׼Ҷ̯˫֣һЦ
ӮʼͷƲƲ졣
ģ
ʱ𣬾ǧ֮ĵͨҶɫһĨȣ漴ָƽκͨҵֻҪͨ͸ͨڲĵܹĥ֡
ǧ֮ĵͨӮȻô
ҲνˡҶҡҡͷǧǰʮͨɱģҲ̫ࡣ
ҶӮʮʱ䣬һ·һ·̸˵أ;Ҳǲį쳣ĳ졣


492 ޵߲
̺ͨܿ͵ˡ
ǰһߴĻɽ֪мߣֱͨһΡ룬һĴһ㣬֮е֮⡣
ӮûмٲҶֻ˸ڣȥȥˡ
Ҷվɽ⣬ת˼Ȧ֮漴̾ѹˣ̣ͨɽƣͿͨš
ҶǰߴƷſڴվµĵӣӶǵһصΪ
ҶľһصĵӾȻֻ䵽ͯӵĵز
ŵӿҶģǲãǿҶɵϢ֮漴ɫǰصλǰ̣֪ͨкιɣ
Ҷֶ½ͨɵӣոͻɵΪɽ磬ǰҶͶˡ
ŶԭȻ½еһλʦ֣ŵһ֮£̱˼ֵʦҵȺһȥһ
ֻƬ֮ŵӾͨ˹ҪӼҶ
Ҷ̤Уһɹ֮С
λӶһãӵҶģ
Ϊһ˵֮òתϵģΨһֱܹľǴӶԷϵϢֱ档
Ҷɫݵ֮Ѿۿ˸⼸ӭĳϣΪѾ۷ΪѾɵΪˡ
ͨڲɾĸҲ̫ˣϾ㾳粻ҪԴҪз
ֻλϵҶɵո˼ɽʱЩɽͳǶӵ
ӣֻ֮УŸӵļ֮⡣
Ϊ׵һ˵Ǳ̴½֮еĵͳɣѾʧȥôЩҲ㲻Ǳˡ
ҶݵصȻס
Աһֳϲ˲еĲ豭ǣصţѵãôˣȻܹ½ҲΪݺ͹ϵͿ׵Ľ뱾ţɵɣǿ׽ġ
Ҷⷬװǻƣжʱһ֮ޱ飬ף֪ҪӾʲô飬ܹ뱾֮أ
ܹ׾ͺá򰳤Ϸв豭ˣҪ뱾ţǾ۰ɣĺˣлȻܹǨ
ҶЦݶʱס
۵ӣ浱ǰ׳ղɣ
޷λ׳ճ϶Ĵ֮
ɫתΪ࣬תǸɫ߰ĳϣתͷλɫƽĳϡ
ǼԼδɵˣȻҪԼۿʼ
ҶѾɾʵɽ֮еһɵ̫ϳ϶ǿԵˣȴҪһ۵˾ǿ˼۸ˣвðɡ
ɱҲûôڵĵ
޵߲ߣһԲϾҪ̵죬޵ͬμңǲġ
Ҷŭˣ׵ŭˡ
ŶʵλǳǸʲϹˡҶɫֵˣҶ͸ˡ
λֳϷ·𱻷һ㣬Ȼʧɫе㡭
ڳļλεĳɫͣŵؿҶ
Ҷĳ˸ոշʱμۻᣬʱҪȥ̫ϳϣҶûȥΪ֪ͨɵĸԴڣҲؾܻصû뵽
Ҷҡҡͷתɨӹλϣɫصұûָܹһ죬ֻҪһλܹĵͻƿû뵽ȻҰôһλãҲѰҸԴǳˡ
Ҷص˵ͷ漴תߡ
Աһλ۵ĳϸɿһס漴ЦصҶ㲻Ҫ⣬ֻһڶѣκηĵӶҪһڣʾɵҳϣκ鶼ģҶţӦʵӦӦĴȻ㲻Ը⡭
㲻ҪҳϣҪơҶػشһƫƫͲһףڲܣҽҲΪɣֻΪһɢ޵ݣհһͶѣհϣˡ
ڳļλɫʱѿѣǸո򰳤ϣڨڨĸʮֵΪ顣
Ҷ̧һƻӷǱѾΧѹ⣬صûʲô飬¾ȸˡ
ЩƨŪң֮ͨеλߵ̫ϳҲֻɵΪһλǵŵӣ㻹룡
˾С಻ɳӡҶɵתͷЦҵҪҴ߳ȥ˭סң
кȻһӴĿռĲҶ˶סˡ
ãѵ˲ŻĵӷܺãǴʹѪֻ½ջ㲻㡣һĨ͡
Ҷɫ쳣ı䣬ޱؿſ޴Ӱ
ѾԵظоԼʶ·ܵ˿һ㣬ϸոռϵΪС
ͷϺȻһĨɫĹⲨס͸ţҶȻֳһ񽣣һһ˺Ѳ֮
Χεѹʱ˿
Ҷɫ䣬гңңָ֮СȻᡣ
ݳҪᣬҲûж⣬Ǳ̵ݳո֪飬λϽ˵⣬ҿԽ
ߣʸѧĩǰչԼʵġҶֵȻΪͨɵԴͷԴ֮һû뵽ӭҵľȻһѵıƣС˼ʵʧ
еӰκɶıƣɷչĶ֮һο򰳤ҲִֻŹ£ͨ½ϵδʱǰϵĹ
˵ԲѣҶиǶд𣺡ôҲǵĵӣǲǾͲٳŹ
㲢ܹϣݣ̵ͨĹϵǱѰ
ҲܷϣѾˣλȨļѵҲҪƷô
Ϊ£Ȩְλ֮ϡݳҿƷǵľ
Ҷһԣϧּȴô˶󡣡
еӰĬ˲ԡ
λɾĸѾҶ֮˶Ȼ֮⣬вɵذ̾ҶѾٽͨˡ
˵ûݳ̾ϢһŹȷô˶󡣡
ⲻǿ飬衣ҶЦ޵ߵʲô
ûҲ˵ҵֶʩһϣǾһ캦ˡҶЦҲǴ̵ĵӣҲͲسŹˣ
ݳ̾Ϣ̱ͨһȥɣߣ㣬ɵߵʧȣҶ˵Ǳ̴ͨ󷨾£űܽ䷢󣬸һ¥αΪŹС¶ƽϣ


493 ɷ
ôǺǣ֮ǰмɵŵű⹩ģֱΪ䳤ϵġһҶͨУһž͸ôһɱǺǣð֪֮жٹ⼿أҿû£ѾҶɫƽصǰϲַ˲ҲòȻˣֻһԵѡˡ
Ҷо޴Ӱһεѹ
Ҷһ֮еۻǱһȭ֮Уһȭ
꣡Ŀռ䴫ըѵյǱ˿޴Ŀ𵴵Χ鵴
Ҷɫ΢䣬ȡ˹񵶣ңңָ֮С
ݳţҲ󷨣Ҳɵı⿪ţӦ
Ҷɫ䣺ߣôȥǾԴСʧ֮ˡ
ҶؿӰɵϲַʵܹѹңδܹ
Ҷʱ˿̣Ѿ˾֮ġɵϲַԷĵұ˵Ҷվ͵һˡ
޴Ӱ񣬳Ĭã̾ϢûΪĵ־Ǿ춯ص˱㣬³ˣˣȻǾȥɡ
о޴ӰûȥˣԱߵļλӭĳϾ㤵ؿҶոǺɽһȭɵ¶˼־ɫ漴ȥˡ
Ҷԥû˵תͳȥˡ
дһ̾޾ϧ֮⡣
´ˣСʵǺûòλǰǻ
òѡ뿪ǲǹ¡ݳеĺ⼸λ϶
һҲɨܹɨ£޵Ļ˶ϢǰڳôһС˵ɸѵҪ
ͬʱͷոǸԷ̵򰳤͵͵̧ͷ˿ǵ޴Ӱ漴ֵͷ
ǵĽӰλϣдһ˿⣺⼸ڵڶȴˣ˵֮ڶǹڶز֮ѹ֣⼸һֱûнܳ˲ţϺõ˲ŶѾǸżˡ
볤ԥһ£漴С˽̫أֻ֮ҲȻһȻˣ뿪Ҳá
˵ûʹҲⲻ˽ģ˽ĵĲֹһݳ΢΢һЦζؿŸ߳ϡ
򰳤ɫҰףعڵز֨ˡ
򰳤ϡӼͷرʤɽȥɣչذꡣݳڣ׼֮еӵܵҪλ
򰳤ɫһңʧɫ³ϣ
Ǽ֮ȫָλϵĻɫУôһչأǰԼȫ붼ˣ
֮ȻֻܹҪҵҵԭλδزܣȴΪ˽ȴԶ˼֮ģʧһǱĵӣ˵ȳͷѾǿյĹ֮ϼ˼֣ɲݳصƽ֮Ѿһ˿ɱʱе˽һͷͻḶۣ㸶˵ĴѾǱ㣬ô㻹ǲôأ
ңңлϿ򰳤ɫɷףʱ£ڵϵͷ
ǵұʾĻôʱľͲֻǱˣ˶ȥеĵУѹֻ֮У֪Ҫֻضܹٴط;
̵ͨŹԴͽǾɭϵģκɶ޷
ҶһĻ϶пԼҺûм֮ˣһ֮кζԼҪѹƣûгͷ֮գȫЩ˵顣ԼٸȥֺЩˣԼҲΪ֮ġ
ɾˣ滹ӲһЩè֮Ķ
ݳ˵ĳͷѾᵽĵزˡ
ݳҶΪѾ֮⣬ܹ̫֮ĴͨҪҪɵķУʮ꼴ʤңϧűȻܹλʵһ̨ףȴһ֮˽Ŀ⣬ȴȥ
ڳļλɫ䡣
˵ҲС̫ĸˣֻҪõĿơ
ݳ̾Ϣܹ޳ɣһĸܹССĿϲŹ֡ûд˷Ӧǹ£ֻû뵽ıԾȻ˵ĸҡ˰ˣҲûˣǼҹȥչꡣ
λϻصͷǣȻתȥˡ
ݳɾ磬ѾϲŭɫѾϰʵʵĳͷȡŭ
漴һˣҵķּܹҶ֮Уʹ׶ֵҩһ⣬Ʒһ
Ѿ뿪̵ͨҶǼĿĵķ
˱Դ֮أӿ֮ˮԴԴϵӿڡ
ҶԼɵУ׼ʼͻɵΪ
ͻɵΪʵĥеĵڣ½֮ȴôҲûйΪҪעصķ͵ڡ
Ҷ˼
һ;Ҷһ˳ͷβƿ֮Уͺñһȫҳ̵ˣȻ³ϰһ㣬ЩϰǸ߲ʣֱ޷Խĵزˡ
ɵ򡭡ɵ򡭡˵֮еɵ򡣡Ҷ˿˼ڤ֮Уָ֮Ļ΢΢ݡ
ɡҶȻس滽һ
ҶȻһӰƮƮı
ô֪ˣӮЦصδ㹧ϲأΪ̵ͨĵӡ
ϲëҶһĺߣصұˡ
Ӯû˹ȥȵؿ㡭Ȼˡ
ԣûʸ񡣡Ҷһص
Ӯ濴ü̺ŭܴûټ׷ȥͷʲôô
ûʲôõĴ㡣ҶɫҡͷĴεһҲӦѡˡ
ģܾɥŶӮס֣
ܾɥôҶҡҡͷʵҲûʲôֻǺ֮жѣҪ֪ҵĵлкܶҪֲֻҲܹͻɵΪɾɵľ硣
Ӯҡҡͷƽ޲ģν޵֮ǿɲ֪ж٣ﲻеĻٻһûʲô˵ġΪĸˣ֪жء
ʱ˵ɡҶ̫Ѩҡҡͷеʱ䣬ȥһ˵


494 ɵ
ҶһۣҳԱ˳ŵģҪȥǵ
ӮеȻɣΪĵӣĸɲҪȻҸܣ
˶ʵӹţ̴ͨ˲żüðɣһ࣬һ٣Ҳûйϵҵɾ绹ûȹ̺ãȹ̸ǧҲûϵҶ赭дػһ䣬漴תߣɶ
⼸ƽӹҲ־ĳϣһʼͶҶһֵżһŻݺթһʣϧǶֶȻݶȴ׾ӣҶֱͺСӹҼһĽǰĵĲС
ݳôȣ޷ֲҶ̵ͨƫˡ
ɣҴĴתתɽ֮лкܶõط㻹ûȥɣӮĳŵ˵
ðɡҶЩȻ
Ӯĸ羰ĵط˺ܶլԺֲ˺ܶ滨ݣ׺լԺ֮лŽأĿ
Ӯ沢Ƭƺ棬ȻؿϦ˵оôҪôѵͲͣķ羰ʵ޵֮ȻпᣬҲһζǿʳɱ¾
ҶΧֲ滨ݣ̧һָеһкȻһƬɫƣ
صϸ԰֮ее滨ڱɫ֮󣬿ʼѸһɱЩֲڲּͣľ
ɺȻͨ߰Ҷֱһչת֮䣬ȻһֻСĻ
꽿Ļ飬ͷϳ˻ϸͷѩӯʻɵ·Եɰ껨󿩿Цһ̶ܵӮǰ
Ӯָ̧ϲᵯ˵꾫֣СַǵĹ˲֣Ӯʵ벻ȻͨľϵĶͨոõӦеľͨɣ
ҳ񾳵ʱľеͨҵľͨѡҶɵڵϣصԴӶʱ𣬾ڲͣŬš˼ʱȨɽʱŵرȥôͻ˾磬ɾΪ˵Χķ羰ȻܹĿȴҳҵȥ͡
ӮС죺ཻ£֪һˣѹôįˡ
Ҷ죬ЦһӮ棬㲻ģԽߣľܹоڤڤ֮е֮ƶ㣬ѹͷϣ㣬ʼն޷
Ӯҡҡͷ
ˡҶ
ˡӮһԴ¸ɳǵľҪٰһᣬȥȥ
᣿ûȤ
Ӯ˵Ϲɵ˵ͻҪɷ򣿡
ôҶ͵Ǻãȥɡ
㲻ˣ
ҶҡҡͷӮ棬˵㣬֮е̫̫࣬۸ӣҪڵһ٣һ֮˵ɡ

ɳ֮УҶ˸ִ˴̺š
Ҷ̧ȡһŽ׵
Ǻ벻ѾȻͨƵֵͨǮġƹԭЩмǽӹ֮뷨һӴ׹һ𱳺Ľ˳
ƹĶʱһƵͨΪǣƵͨɵȴǿ󣬶Щƴֵɣ˳ɻᱻϤ߱ʶͨþ͸ˡ
һƵͨѾܹˣƹĴϲλѣǱѰС꣬һڵҩһţҪĻǾҪʱһЩˡ˴αƷ࣬оɵۣԣҲ֮ٽˡ
Ŷ˵ɵϹɵôҶʵ
Ҳ֪ˣǺǣ⣬Ҳż䣬ӦЪϢһ
һƹİˡҶ˵ͷվǡ
֮ھСУۼ˷Բǧɳͷʿǡ
һľҶöɵ
Ӯ濴ҶеģſҪ˵Щʲôȥˡ
۴СɵɢŵĿռ䲨һ֣ɢŵĲԼˡ
˻غһöɵһλϹŵɸˣս֮ʱȫĵзɵɵۣڵҩ
˹ˣΪʲ޼ҶΧһֵۣʵòǼðİɣ
Ӯҡͷƽص̫ĶƷûмٻĵöɵҲȷġ
ҶüΪʲô
ø˵ġӮεصƵɵɾյʱѡһľҲ˵̺߱߳ɵĵУɾʿóȻõĻΪͻᱻɵ̺ķͬҲ˵᳹ĨɱǰΪ֮·ͻƾ磬һɵǾԲṺģɢҲṺ򡣡
޷ֻоһҶ²
ҶֱӾͿ˸ڵҩļ۸񣬽û˸ֱӾҶˡ
ǺҶȴʮڵҩļ۸ˣҪ֪ÿܹ򶾣ôһǾʹһˣȻ˶Ҫǡ
Ҷݺһ֮󣬴ɵͷȥˡ
ûмоɵҪӮĳŵ
ӮԴãǶľӪһϲͨټ̰棬һֱ̫
ϸص֮Ҷ漴ͰһǨָȻһЩ޴һԵķ֮⣬һЩȽӦʵ͵ķҲյҩרȡðʿеĸֲϣ֮ٴȥһһ֮£ô׬˸
ڵķҲһͨ٣ƷжӵʦֱӾͱߣȻҶƶϸĽƶȣͷţλվտʦҲԷɣеרŸᴿϣеרŸ׭̷еרŸϳɲϣƵɣһڶʱϣʦҲǸɵȻ졣
һȻһ£Ӯ³Ͷء
ҶصԼס֮󣬿ʼϸоɵˡ


495 㻯ɵ
ɵԼĪ۴СԲһӣһȶӤģü
ߣңҼǷ򡣡
һҩ沼һѪ˿ڽӴҶԪ֮Ѫ˿ȻӤҲ˵ĺ
ڲͣţѾһԪϾѪ飬ҶѪ֮һӴ֮£·һټĿռ֮С
ȻоΧԭ翵ط򣬽رôֿɼȫԼһ㡣
ԭˣȫɵ񵤡ҶѪ˵ͷ
ҷҩ洢·ͻ᲻֪ҵķ֮СʹѸͻɵľ磬׳ɾɵΪ
Ǵĳ˵ҲߵķٴδɵҴͻΪˡҶٺЦһҲţλûɵ֮ºУ
֮ɵͻƣҶ֮кȻ۳̫
໥ںϣݺݵؼѹҩˡ
ɵѸٵؿʼ仯
ҩ֮з·һһ㣬˾һɹԴ
꣡ҩ֮УȻһѪɫӤʼ𽥵׳ɳţֻѪɫӤѾֻ˫Ŀȴûɡ
ɵ̲֮صһҶ֮׸׳ȻչʼɳΪˣһӣȻˡ
վ֮УڸոܵҶ֮ļɫ
Ҷ֮߶֮£ɵݻɵĵڶԪǽʼɳ׳ƤҲðۻ
ҶĿȶԭأȫӦڵɵķ
ʱ˿̣ݺȻŤƺѾҶ±һ˵òĹڿʼͣز
öɵ֮ŵλߵ鿪ʼż顣
ã˹Ȼģ黫ȻԼɢһҪᣡҶаŭ
̫𣡡Ҷ̧һָһɻٴΰס˷壬ʼͣضĸɢԪʶ֮£ûüɣ漴;ϰסˡ
ЩǱصԪʶ·ЩһرܿİΧиһҴܣҶһһεľȡ˳
һ㵭Ӱз˳ӰʮֵдŨŨԹ֮ɫȻһȻ˰գݺݵس˹Ҷһץס
ҶؿԪ񣬴ķ·һŹâ㣬ãȻţʱʱǣ·һʧĻ߰㡣
ֻʣһЩǵС壬ɢ֮е
Ҷһ֮£ЩС御ۼ֮Ȼסˣ漴ЩС御ۼһľ塣
ԭˣȻ˯ˣֻܹܵʶȴǽ͵г׷棡ҶʱȻ
öľļ֮УҶλǰһľ
˵λɵǰӦһλϹŶˣҲǴ˼ĸˣɽ֮еʱ̲ͨŸոûãû½緢չͳλǰռĴս֮ǿǲΪĸ˶֮
һšоʽףɱƣɱֲԼǿڹ񵶵
ڰԵڻԼˡӶò䡣
֮ǰȴȻһ뵽һķţǾǽԼȫĵ뷨ӡ۳һŵ裬ȻٽԼͼ䳹׷棬ԼɢȻȴѡ
۶ɵĵ裬ķά͵ģʹõ跨ʶ
һλʿ裬ôʣʿܿͻᱻʶ͵оͬȻ󳹵׵ռУӶ
ɱǣλǰֱյʱһֱ˶ʤͷų׵ʶ˵Ҫԡ
Ϊʱû뵽ҶȻ̫µ㻯һռȵꡣ

Ҷ΢΢³һµļ֮лعˡ
漴һţһ񣬾Ĳ
װϢɣǰ˵սᡣҶһԪʶ£־ʹֻ֮С
ȻҶıԲϲɱ¾ҲϲƣܹЩǵ̬ʵࡣ
༸ĴĥҪһգ䵽κ˵ͷ϶ܲ˵ġ
Ҫ䵽Ҷͷϣһǻܲˡ
˵ܹ˭ܹ༸ء
Ҷʼϸش棬ڵ෨򣬲ЩԼڵ֮ͨУͬ
Լûֻ̫öɵļֵ޷ӵּ޵ĵز
Ҷͨɵ񣬿ʼķ֮мš
ħȻз˳ָɢŵĽ⣬еĻ淨档
ħȴԭʵʻ壬ȴؿʼˮ͸Ӱ漴ٴεʵʻ
˷Ŵ֮󣬻ħѾһʵĻӰӣҫķ
Ҷʱ漴ͽ֮İʮһͨԾҵԼķȻ
ҶһһεؽԼͨҵӦķȻ󽫷Ȼ¼ӳԼϵͨϡ
ԷãҲͻֶӣɵãܾͻᱻɵɼӰ졣
ҶºȻһ٣Χֵͼ֮УȻ籡һɺƴĿռ֮ɿռ֮۶ʮڵޣűһеҶͷ
𡣡Ҷŷʮ˱ޣȻһǰڹһչֳԼĿռˣЩڽӴĿռ漴Ȼ촷ۣɳһ㾡Ϣ˸ɾ
˵۷徳ɷѾΪҶĵڶԪ⻯ҶͨڶԪͬһӵɷ
ҶɺķһһεתķҲӶķʽ
ظоЩͷоöɵ㻯ĵڶԪƺеô򵥡


496 ħ
Ҷɵת˵ڶԪֽķתɷ򣬾ͿʼæӮˡ
ڵͨȻתɷ򣬵ı屾ԴҪתΪȴҪʱȥۡ
ʱʼΪæ˵ʵڻȻ츳Ƿɽ֮ʵ㲻ʲôûʲôֵýģ⼸ղϹѾʼ˷Է
֮УǷȱ֮ˮҶ۵Ļˡ
ƿպˮϿգһˮ㾧Өˮʣˮ׵š
ҶؽͷȻһɫĹȦһֻ֣ץ˺档
õĴ֮ˮѰ֮ˮҪƿպ֮ȡˮʮֵĳأ֮Ҷ̫֮еˮӳءһãȡˮõĵͻᱻѹ
أˮͱץһ
ͬʱˮкȻĺӰˮд˹Ѹ磡
ˮкȻ˵һ˲ϢͶݵҶߣһҧס˫ȣһڵĶѸʼڡ
ĶʮֵĹŹ֣Բǿңֻѵٶȼ٣ճҶڲ಻ݣƾҶʹ˹ų֮£ⶾҺڡ
ö㣡ˮ˶ҶıǿкȻϸĺѪ
ҶϺȻ˺ڰ׹ת綾ͨʼⶾת˵ͨʼ
綾ܹͨͬȡԶ˵ͨȴⶾҺĿǡ½ҲûЧ
ҶʧˣаˮȻͨͣţ˾綾ͨԶܹʱסɢ˵ͨͲá
ٺ٣ֶҺҲܿƵסңҶЦѡ
תȻһΧյ«έкȻʮһ޴ˮдÿһˮжһʿ
ȻҶɫһ䣬̧֮£ΧȻһֻסȫ漴ּ񽣺͹񵶡
ڳеɻʹһɫ˳ɣӦģѾ˵ˣؿҶ
ԭ㣡Ҷŭ⼸޳ܵɢޣȻǱԼϳļһ
Ҷ֣ⶾҺ˵ġΪ׵׳ŵӺٺٹЦɽкˮɺʢĺħĶҺһǲǣЩҺѾอ֮УƾҲ
ҶɫѾɫص֣Ѿ˰ɣ
ˣҶˡΪ׵˹ЦҶ֣ʵҲ㣬ԴӼʶֵֶ֮Ҿһֱڲˣħ㣬ҿŰǸ׽ģֻҪܹõϵͨͼƷǶֵõġ
Ҷϵ裬ſҵţΧϮϵԴһ֮£Ȼڻ˿˱Դ˸ɾ
ɲӡҶԺȻһѪɫĹȦһֺֻȻһʱ⣬кȻͣ
ʿһĵڣһӡʿϡ
һƼѸ죬·һɲһ㣬ʿ֮ܲ£ͱֻӡ˻еķ𵴶һࡣ
ֲһƶʱסڳеʿ漴ĵغ˼
ҶһʩչϣȫŨ˼֡
ҧгݣٺЦΪסô
ҶԸӦ֮£ұ㻯⡣֮кȻݳõֶ֪ҺңҲҪķһʱǰһʱֻ̣ܹҲ벽ɵľ硣
ڳɫ΢䣬޲˿еݳݳɫȴɲ䣬ϡ
ҲԸ⡣Ҷϵĺֻɵ
֮ǿӦ̾ӱܲһ٣ͨȻһĴ̣ҲǸۺǴӦھһϯ֮ءݳޱ飬ҶǿӲɫֻǵͷȻˣҲﲻʲôˣΪ֮ɡ
˵꣬ݳȻһ˦Ѿתһˡ
Ҷڵĺ˿ǶڲͣŰţвͣ³˿˿ƵĺɫѪ飬ЩѪ䵽˵֮漴Ѿ˿˿ڶҺ֮漴ͽ澡ܽ˿ϵʯڻɫҺ塣
˿Ҷģ֮ɫϲȵãɢСҪƴ
Ҷͷϵתøӷת֣һȦȦĽɫԴתݡ
̫һҶȻγ񽣣Ȼ浹תһԼС֮С
ֻСڶҺܵ˵㾦ϵ̫ļǣ֮£һȻѾอĶҺȴȻʼ䶯γһ˶УԼкڰ׶
Ҷ΢΢ŤţɶҺѾ͸֮Уľʹ޷ܣ˿ȫĺȻؿʼ·ӵһ㿪ʼͣ䶯ĺ˿ǵĶҺȻҶôش߻ˣһױһ֣
󣡰󣡡ŶҺ۶һţҶбҺȾĶؾۼ˹ÿһĽﶼĸɸɾһ˿˿ҺûзŹ
ҶԭĺȻѸٿʼСλÿʼֻλãһŨīһ䶯ţճ͵ĶҺ֮£ʼѸ£˹
۵һҶ͵³һźɫһĶŶڵ䶯һ֮ҡҡڰڵվһĶ֡
ֱһִɫͨȴѾɫƬʪճҺҺ壬һԳ豵֫һģ
ֶҺԲӣֲ̺ǵĶҺȴǼѲһմǾͻǣҶȴֻַؽŶҺˣγˣһбλö֫һˡ
ͷ͵صһȻֻ֮ĻºȻһڰУ˫̲ҶϣҶĺ˿Һ·һ㣬ѸپͽЩ˿ɰٴһ㣬˹Ȼͷϡ
ͷɵĶ־ôҶߣĶ˹һ粻عЦ𵴵ն΢΢ζѡ


497 
Ҷֽ̧ͷȻ֮еתݡ
ڳʿǿҶȻǰȻΧڶʿ޲ɫ΢䡣
㣡ȻܹƳⶾԣ˾һŵؿɫ糣Ҷ
벻ɣҶٺЦһͷһĶַɵعֽһɹĶ
ɣҶһ£ͷ͵һצϺȻһ֮£ĶҺ۶ɵĶ뱬ڳ˵
˺æ˿˴ֲ֮£סҽһͱڻһ̲ࡣ
ҶתһԪоˬ˼֣תͷΧˣȻһЦλǺüıҲʮָлλܹôҡ
˵һǿЦô¶Ҳֻǲ߶ѣ㻹Լɸˣٺ٣ոҺȻҿζԸôˣ
ܹܲԸλǵҪ֪֮ġ
ܣûдܣ춼ôˡҶͷϵתţٺЦˣǺãֻҪǣ˭Ҳ뿪
ҶɹЦݣ̧һץ֮£һ֮߳УֿһתϨƹŲ׷Ĺһ㡣
Ҷɫ䣬ֺ̧һ֮£৵һеĹ
ѩĵоĵ·ڵסµĻԻһ㡣
һ֣ΧؼķƺѾһˡ
Ĺϴֱƾ춯ءԶԶʤһд
ҶߵͷȴǺȻֽһ漴ȻһȦƣѸû֮У˵Ĺֽ
Χ֮УȴһɫĹⲨһɼ丯ŵˮϢɢ˳
Χʿɫ΢ˡһΪʿΧеһɶˮȴѾ˹˽סˡ
ʿ˴ؼУ漴ͱҶɵС
øʿѾһ˿ķ֮ˣҶвɵذϲʿڻ˿ˡ
ﶼѾҸ׷ˣλǻǶҪˣ°ɡ
ҶصеĹ񵶡
ৣҶһһ֣춼ˮɫĵƥ᳤գ漴ͳ׷еգϾǵ֮·
ӵһ㣬䷢־Ϩˮɫ֮Уȴʱ䷨ʲϢĿѣԡ
ڳ˾㤵طжһӰĵ赲סˣȴȻˣƾγ޷
ڳɴֲ£еľƷѾҶӵ˿ûǷӦҶһ˷ӦҶһΡ
ʿǿסϴ˵ľʹתָ֮ȴط˵֮һ֮Ȼһ߿ݹǣƮɢ˿ˡ
ҶͷϵƥâƳգһһ֮£ͽ˸ڡ
ĹⲨתӵѸеԪڻ˿
ڲ״ذסʿʿطԼΪͷɹâһһɨ֮¾Ȼѩһ㣬ڻˡһʱ̵Ĺ˾˻ҽϵıԴ֮⾡ڻ˸ɾ
λʿ״æ׷չҳҶ˹Ҷ漴תһƱˡ
̫󷨣ҳױ˼Ҷгʹ趯һ㣬֪˴οײȥˡ
һ뷢ſҶŭĿӣͷ϶Ȼǧ£ͼӰãһµ̫֮˲Ϣ۶һ»ɫĹ⻪
ؼ䶸ȻһһƬɫݣһܹյҶҵϮ
ʮųĹ⻪ҫջþ뻯һ⣬Ҷ
ƿҶйһһָһƥͳ忪̫򱻵˲Ϣ֮£Ѿ𵴻Ĺɢ˿
ֿ߳¹棬ɫĹεŲϢĹһתϢ
Ҷеת漴һ಻ϵƥ⣬糸һͽΡ
˴һȻһʵһһɻɫӿȫ¶סˣԭϳصʱֺһ»ָԭεģ
ȥҶһ֮£֮ٴηɳһƥҹ⣬գһһ֮£նεʿûüָͱ뱳Ϣ
ţ⼸˴ֲ֮£ͱҶ֮УڻȻ˱Դ֮
Ҷĺڰ׹תݣתţһȦȦĹߡ
֮жħͨҲɵͨһг֮£ܹ̾Ԫᾡ˱ԴаĪַܹеѪԴԴרıԴ֮һ
ҶˣЦһг濳ľתһߣץȥҲһ⣬ϯˡ
³֣Ҫ׻ɱ
Ҷ֣֣˼Ҫˣۿ⳯նһץ֮£һʿصҶһơ
ãҶбһ͵һ̧һĺԣԶʱһɫȦһֻɵľ֣泯ץ˹
λɴֲ֮£һĻһ࣬ûܹӦתҶ챾Դһ漴ٴν֮Уݻ֮⣬ڻˡ
ɾ֮֮ϵĲ֮֮ڶصĲ֪֮ǿ˶򱶣һҶɲӡ֮֮þʧȥԱֻҪԱҶȫ㹻
žϵΪ׵Ѿ˳ȥ
ת֮䣬ҶɢʿҶķ¾֮£һʱ֮Ȼת֮ʣˣҶеĵתγɵ಻˿ĵף֮£ͬʱƷ档
ʿͬʱʹشˡ


498 ˮ
ʿеľƷ淢˱ĲѾҶĵıѾ޹⣬һɼĵۡ
ѾҶĵ𵴳촷ۣҲָܻ˹ˡ
ҶûжԲԣ
Ҷյֻ֣ǺٺЦһҪлλλҴҵ⣬ҽҲýλҵ֮У
˾֣ɱڵҶʧ㣡ǵĵѾˣھȻŹǣ
Ҷһеһ𣺡ûȻôǿǿۣʸҵ֮У
ʣΪʿĴض㣬ں޽ӣҶѾǻں޵Ļˣƥĵ⣬ɽ
ɱ߲ѵʿѾҶ˲һ͸Ԫ񣬵֮£תۼͽʳƬ漴Լ֮УȫԪ뷨֮Уؾô˱Դ֮ĻᶼûС
ЩˣǺ̰֮Ҷ΢΢һҡͷ漴̾ϢһеɫؿΧ
ҶͷĹ˹ߴߴ漴ͱҶһ֮£Ŀռ֮ˡ
ȥҶ͵رһӿ糱ⱼװ˰￪⣬֮Χʱշ籩ʲôҳһһ㡣
ɽ֮Ҳ֣Ӷ֮ܵ˲ȴ
ܱǸˣݳǰʮֵʧ˰ɡҶգ΢΢Цһ漴֮С
ֻѰһõĻˡУԶԶһ
ҶЦһת˻ȥ׷ɱ˹ȥ
һźѪһѣոӲƾΪΧĶƽ磬Ⱦ˾綾һ¿ɾˡ
ҶȴǾԲ綾Ļᣬе硣
ţҶйһ֮£һִƥ˴һ𵴵ĵ˳ȥ
ıǳһִĵۣҵˮһ㲻ͣʴɢأʹƿʼͣɢ˿
ӵǧ֮⿴Ҷ׷ᣬɵһҧӻȡһɫķ䣬˿
Ҷ׷ۿż׷˵ޣкȻӿһˮƣҵ˹
ˮȴ쳣ֳ֣𤣬ܹ˿˿ƵԼļ֮ʲô޷׵ȥҶ񰵾
ţ
Ҷ̧һָߺȻһħŻŻڵĴꪣ֮£ΧİˣϳһƬĿհףҶתϵͨȻ޷ɢˮڵз򣬼͸˹
ߣҶȻȻһںԵĹ⻷һɫڶɫ̤ɫֳۣһɴɫĴꪣɷˮأʱͽĻƸѹ˼֡
ʲôͨҶᵶ֣գڵߺηˣ
еЩɫҺһմȾ֮£˵ȳϢȴɻǲɢ
ƿҶ̧һ֮£еĹ񵶶ȻһųִСĹȦһ㣬ɢΧ಻ݵˮơ
ոͷյĶͬһͷڵĸһ㣬ҶߣʱʱرQһ£һ˫۾˷
ǡηְҶսеĹ񵶣ңңָԶص治ôĻ˵仰ܲѰɣ
ֻԼֱϵλãһɫˮƸݣаݡ
ԼΪѾֵͲˣԷˮƾȻܹϣԼԷֶ֮ߡ
֮ȴû˿ĶҶɵаŭ
Ҷص˵˵ǾͱҶɱˡ
ɵ۾ˣԶ
ĪҪˣҶ֡кȻһصЦҶֵĲտڹҲʮֵ˵ðϬѵСŮҲֻЩֶӦһˣҶּ棬ҶǧҪ֡
ˣװŪ˭ҶһȵҲϲͷ¶β̸
Ը档Ʈ಻ƵصҶֵ׺ͷܹ֮գΣﵨҶǰ¶ֻöһˡ
Ȳңʲô˼Ҷصͬ
ΧˮȻ΢΢һЩ¶գҶϵһ˿ˮҲˡ
Ҷͷһˮ΢΢˵ͷֶΣܹˮϵͨ־磬װ
õҲͬҶֻ֣һѡ
ҶˣҿַʲôֵǮĵط
ǵͨ죬ݺݵصҶ
ҶĪҪŭӮҲǹˣҶѷǵУֻǸոѾΪˮΪūΪۣҪǾһҶܷˮϣŹһء
Ҷ˼һ£Լںķ̫ķ޷սʤδ֪ĵˣ漴ҪҷŹѣ˷ģκй©ҵİϢ
ԸⷢģԸⷢģ֮£ϲϢһҶĵ֮æһ鶾޿ɶĶġƨƨߵسǰȥ
λŮ̧һ֮£Ѿûˮ֮ڣϢˡ
ŮһЦҶҿҶҲЩǱԸˮūĻˮ
һˮɫȻ䵽Ҷ֮С
ҶȻŭߵòĵһһѡսˮ󡣡
˵ֻ̧꣬ӳõŮҶ֣ˮųķûջصĵһˮһҪץ㵱ūȻҲĶ֣Ǹڻгϻ
㣡ҶȻŭ˵ͷããҼˣҲˣ
Ҷߵͷ̬Ķɽ˼֮漴ŭʵʵظҶıȥˡ
дһƵ̾Ϣ֮
ҶŹ㬶ȥˡ
һνա
ջһѵķա
ܹӦõŮӵΪߵȥҲֻǸɵ۷ɡ
ֻˮҲɽ֮еĴ֮һʵǷҲɾĸΪܣҶʵûȤЩ˶ֻ˱ܶߡ
պ⼸ԼĻ쵰Ե֮ҶʵҲķ˲ٵķصסֱ֮Ӿѡ˱չء
Լʵվǲ㡣


499 ƴ
ˮ֮УҶںӰϵһʯϣžŵĺˮĬš
ˮ׵ţƺûκεĲżɼмνýĹ߮¶ڵļҪӺһԾ𣬳Ҷҧ漴ͱҶǹɿֲϢĵ˻ȥ
ˮˮ徫ͨһнͷʵǳͷҲֻ൱һѣһ˾ܽ
޹еԵʣΪɽˣɽнĽЩɽȻǿ󣬵ȴδܹȷеȥ
ˮ֮˼ҹҶϵԼڵͽṹƤںڰ׶ת֮£ȴѾʵһֽɫ󣬴һⱦһ󾫹⣬ڱȴּϸƸУһһͣơ
ˮϳ˼ҹ֮ҶԪĥӨ͸֮£оԼȻ಻飬վǽһСģȥԼ϶ҪӦ˽ġ
ɽ֮Ук֮ܶͨ࣬վӵù
ܹӹΨһԼķʱܹ㿪ľͶ㿪㲻֮
Ҷ˵ûбȽܴˣͷطصӮ֮󣬲ݲݵؽһ¹Ҷ׼ʼչˡ
Ȼܴ죬Ҷ£ˮݳһ·Ķ־
ҶԼǱݳˮǰʼնһ⣬һ鿴Σյޱȷķ⣬ݳǲԼΪ׽ԼãȻҪҶΪãô͵ýʧ͡
ˮȴֱ˵չֳɽ֮ǿʳıʣȻš
ܹԼôĽֻǱ˹Ϸ֡
ͷδǷ粨񣬱˼·ѡҶգɵؿЦһ
Ҷ۾ǡò׽ܵļ
ڣˮ֮һͨɫĹЩ಻סˣˮУѪյǶһֱܵ漴һ˦β֮£͵شڳ˺ſڣ͵һһˮ
ˮ磬ˮնи͸˸ˮƿճҶѾѷɫһɽ
ˮڿҶɵľ룬ҶȻ۾һںͫ˸һ£ϬˮôȻͣ漴˷׷ˮˮˡ
ͷͷϺȻһɫĺߣ沼˾ݲƣһ¾и˹ֲ£շĺɫи飬ʹұӦˮľ֣ΧŨˮԪ֮ӿ֮漴ӿˮɫһһ״ƹƣиΪεµؾۺϳһ塣
һĻҶ΢벻ɽ֮ˮ֮һѰȻǵصĲ֮
Ҷһи񵶣ȻΪͨԣ֪ǰʮֵĲǣֻ漴һ˦βͣ˸ˮתͷûؾӻˮСҲˡ
ҶƤ̾ϢһȻ̧նԺһץ
ˮϵĺˮͬƥţţƤһ㣬Ҷƾǿķǿץһ飬֮С
һžӨˮԼ΢΢ţƲۣžȻǧĳء
Ҳ˵һˮء
һˮ˵ĳѵҲѹˣˮ֮еˮѰҲ˵׺Ѳһǵز֮
ǰˮ֮еˮѰ֮ˮһԴӣеˮƽ޲ÿһζأƤմȾһ㣬˳Լļ͸ȥ˵Ƥ⾡ͬȥ֮ҶõˮҪࡣ
֮ת˼ޣͻ˼ޣ˷ǾͲѰܹˣܹʤеһеĵڡ
ﲻеת컯
ƾԶԶġ
ԼΪɽʵ̫ˣȻ֧ԼܵģֻҪܹҵԼĿƷôԼսֻ޵
жʶģҲģ˵쿴Լ˳ۣͻὫһ߿ˡ
ݰһж棬ǾԵĴ
ԼҲؼҵ·;ֻʹºκֶεԼΪ
ɽͬǰˮӣƷƽʤգʵƽ֮£ܽ˳˺ӿ
˼ҹ֮Ҷȫĵ伮ҵһſԼķţַȴʮֵΣա
˿̣ʹ¶˾ġ
ҶʶһԼĸסֵܡˡɴƮλ»Щй¶ˮԵŮɣ漴
ʹ˿ʼɣƴ
̧һԼȫ³״ѺۣΪǣΪǵĽҲֻд˴ƴ֮ˣܹ˴Ӵ˺Ϊ֮
Ҷģ΢΢һЦ漴һУ񽥽ƽس׿һΨԼͷơ
ƴ֤֮
ʹ˿ʼɡ
ԱһֱŵɷҶȻ۾ΧӰ˸Լһһɡ
ЩһţΧкȻһ춴
Աߣվɵ㻯ɵɷɷȫķתʱΧԪˮһ㼱ٵӿ룬ԼԼһ׳ƥĳʼԴԴϵعڡ
ɷ֮£ԲڣΧԪ۵ˮһ۶ɵʵʵ״̬֮УˮеԴƴеڿλãвٵѾˮΰ¶ε¡
ҶĿ񽥽سһƬޱ޼ʵĺڰ·һƬޱ޼ʵĴ֮С
ֽ֮еĸоЩ֣ЩƵԼޱ޼ʵĴ֮һ㣬Ĵ֮˳Լë׹ڣȻ˳żѪ֮С
ֻеĴʥˮȵģл˿˿Ե֮ҪǲԼȻԼѪתΪԪһûŪԼЩʹǰ֮Уȴǲȵģ͵ϢȴϣܹԼͬҲʮԼԪˡ


500 ޽ٽ
ɷѾ׵ĨȥеĺۼϢģѾǰǰģתҶòһ˫ǳ֮ͫƵ˿ƣƮ죬Ϣ
ɽ֮֮棬һܱȵ½֮ڵĶ츣أҶԼûеطС
ҪĲǷˣǵз
вһɾ֮ٷǳ֮ˣһŻδ磬֣вתɽ𢣬ǳҪط価תǹλת
Լ֮ǰླ磬ɵ磬Ǽٵ磬֮󣬾ǽԼԭļ磬Ϊ磬ɽ籾ԴϣӶΪ档
ҪɾȾҪĻһ飬·룬ס˵ˮŲǳת
ȻҪԪɱɷҲδɣַʱ̫ʮʱܹԪзά֮еת
֮еĴʥˮȻǼȴԪʵȴǲУҲĶ츣أֻµʿѣ˳ؾ֮ʿʥˮͻòˣͷҪǶ򣬶Ե͸ɾռĵ
Ҷʼնڵ򲻹͸һ飬ƻ磬磬ɾͷ
Ҷ΢΢һֻǿԼĵȴʼԸһ
طѾ׵͹Գɽ֮ɵҪˣԼίȫͨУԼ־ôͻƾͻӵѰˡ
ЩɵϹʥ伮ͻɣɣɾɵҪĹؼ
һ޵гɵʿ˵ڵֹģҶӴʿΨһܹ򵽵ľ쳣ׯɷǵ£Եֽ׷
ɷ֮֮ķҶϵͨϵģ˵ڵͨѾתҲ˵ڵıѾ൱ڰɵΪ
ͨѾʼɱ䣬Ϊ˷򣬿ǻһͨûɱΪûҶΪɥ
Ҷеͨˮ˼ҹ֮ʹºģһҪľ߲Ρ
ǧ֮һеڰˣｲľ֤֮һ߲۷徳ͨ޽ҪԼ˼޵תױָϣȻŴΡ
Ͻܣܹϴ־飬ȻŴΣɾͲ֮
Ҳ˵ɾⲻ֣Ҳδܹɱ
ɾҪҪһܹ֮ģ׷յ־ܹ򴨹麣Ĵǡ
ּ˵̬֮µĳɾ͵ǳɾ͵ؼڣ֮֮ľǴ
̬γɵҲҪʼɲѣΪɾ˵Ľʹ˳ɾͲ֮߾硣
صĲ֮˵Ҳǲ˶ǽǽѣֲȱݣȻԪֲԼֱԶû취Ტۡ
ɾʹӵгɾǱʣֻҪĴۡ
һȾǾԼֻܹκεĹܹԼɹ
ҪնɱԼ⸱Ƥҵľ־ȻҪ⸱Ƥҵľ־
Ҳ˵ԼҪʱҪʼһֱ񾳡ɹ׽ٳɾɣܹʼ
в֪ҪķѶٵĹѪĥ󲿷ֵĹҶȴһֱֻǽ䵱ԵĹûп¹ĥĽͨҲֻɶѡ
ֱ˿̣ҶѾ޵ľء
ɾҵִ֮ͨͨ´ĦһŽͨ˿̣ĲŸеԼҪԣԼһϵĴ󱦿⣬ǹͨԪϷԼ߲֮ͻҵͨÿһ缡һ޷ݵĻԺͻ
Ҫϼصķţű䣬
Ҫʼɵ


501 
Ҷķ˺ܳʱ䣬ת̫еͨгȡ˳Ȼֿʼ׼޽
ҶĬȻƤһɫʸУأϵļ⿪ʼľƺѾﵽļޡ
ƿ
Ҷһ͵һתֻһֱλ˿ȻȲλҲ˿ȫѪһһɳ
ţҲֱ˳۶ǿڣȫ¶飬ֻʣĿλõһźڰתĹ·ػ磬δʱ֮ʡ
Դ
֮ľ֮֮𡢱֮ˮֱ֮
ǳ׺һ
Ĺǽھ׶ɢ˿ĿλúȻһźڰɫУתݡ
ֻתһӵĹЩתɢ˵ͼؽ漴γ
Լ˵һ顣
Լٴ˽
һһͣΧţȻͣѹ˽ȥ󽥽γһģ
飡Ҷü֮ٴһȻâֻһһɫĹⲨȻҶڱ˳ըѳǧƬΧȴĻɫⲨסըѶͣɢ
Ҷ漴ڿнڻٴ۶Σһ̫ĶѾɫ
һ飬ҲֻһӶѣڶ飬ȴʮʱ
εתȴʮյʱ䣬ȻԼٴαѳƬȻٴ顣
Ŵ֮󣬼ɳΪ޽
ڰ˴֮Լ޽ٽѾԭɫʰ쵵Ĺתݡ
ֻҪ޽ȴһҪǾֻܹκͨԪĴ
ֻҪܹŴΣɳΪ޽ٵĲɾ֤޽ٽǲ
־磬Ͳͨǵ
Ҷ֮ͨ࣬࣬ǲܹģ̫֮£ڵͨѾµ㻯֮״õЩͨᱻϵˣֻԼ֮󣬽ЩħԼ֮ɡ
һصʱҶоԼѾӲʯͨ徧Ө͸᲻ɴݣ쳣
հۣӲ־˰գ֤
꣬ҶһȣɲǼԪѾ˽ʯһ㾧Ө͸˸˸һ͵ش˱
ü֮ȻһĨӲӵĹţǿһһҫա
һϸ΢ѺۺȻĶŵλó֣·˪㣬ƾӨȻ˳Լһ·˿ɢȫ£Ѿϸ΢ĿۣȻȻˡ
飡Ҷٴһ֮£Ȼһ±һ̣Ѿﵽڿ͸ĵز
ѾǰԪԴв֣硣
֮ϸ΢ˮӿɵģÿһϸ΢ˮӾһ쳣磬Уȴޡ
ӯƮ죬ƺһܹɢһ㣬ԼԪ۶ɵޱߴ󺣶Ȳˡ
һɲǼ䣬ҶʶʼԼоԼ־һ˯оԼѾʼɢԼʶѾʼģеӰԼʶ֮һһ
Ҷ˼һ֮£ȻԼĿģ忪ʼɢ
ã鷳ˡ޽ٽһأȻ˵Զɹ޽ٽ
ҶзǿҵĿ֮⣬һʱ侹Ȼ޷ۣ
á鷳ˣ
˼֮䣬Ȼо߲ԶȻһ쳣ǿҵʶǿҵʶ֮мżײе޲ҪʬΣþеֶĥһ㡣
ܵ쳣ǿԹʶһȴҶžб˵ͷһưˮɢһѣǿҵ־һǿ֮ȻΧɢƿʼγһӰ
ˮ𷭹ӿ֮ƲݣһӰ·֮𲽵һ㡣
ҶԱߵɷȻ΢΢۾ͫкȻһķâ
һǿȻХŴԶ˹֮ľۣˮжʱͱ߾ˡ
ҶԪһɢˣıۿżҪɺ״ɢˡ
־۶ɣƲƣϣ򾧹
Ҷ־쳣ǿһ쳣ƴϯأȻɱɢ֮Уһ㾫ڿľϣһͷ­Ŀٴγƥ漴ڿˣֻǲѺۡ
һΧٵתݣ巢ϸ΢꿦ֻƬ̵ĹҶȻ±̬ˡ
ҹηԼȴ˿ֻԼϹһһĻǶѡ
յһЩûˡҶϢţѾ׾뵡˼㣬ֱ΢΢һ
һƮ죬ͷϺˮͣ¡
ھصĳ׷ؼһתǿ־һֱǰʮľ֮ģԼÿһλ黯˷ӣȻһ飬ʹԼĽӵǿ֮
Ҫзһеǿ־ҲҪȡһеǿ־ܾ۲飬ǻһŲľ壬ܱܾ׵ĻعأҲγˡ
Ҫˡ޵δչ
ҶشϢţ֮һĨƣ֮ɫû뵽޽ٽһؾȻˣ̾߸˿һգҪܹһе־Ҫռһеǿ־ּ˵ͷֻҪһи֮Ҫ˳׵䣬øոгɵҶвЩ²ѡ
ǹؼʱ̣ߺȻǹǿҶ񶾵ȴǳ׾Ҳʶ֮еһ˿ǿҵһ
ԱߵɷͫȴһĨȰûڵɫˡ
д֮ɴ֮


502 һһɰ
ھصĳ׷ؼһתǿ־һֱǰʮľ֮ģԼÿһλ黯˷ӣȻһ飬ʹԼĽӵǿ֮
Ҫзһеǿ־ҲҪȡһеǿ־ܾ۲飬ǻһŲľ壬ܱܾ׵ĻعأҲγˡ
ǹؼʱ̣ߺȻǹǿҶ񶾵ȴǳ׾Ҳʶ֮еһ˿ǿҵһ
ոǺһ磬Ҷ״ɢڹؼʱһȴǳɹؼǿҵĶ־۶Լ壬׵ĳɾ
ҶһһƵȻڿɣΧ۵ˮһ˸ɾ漴ֲڵеġ
ļ˸ӨʯСɢ߲ʺ⡣
ÿһСһһδľÿһ൱һʥ
Ҳ˵Ҷ޽ٽֻʹʥѡ
Ҳû뵽֤֮·Ȼ˵գһе־һе־Ҷҡҡͷ΢΢˿֤
ھصĽһγɣǾͲᵥʵˣǽʵתƾκεɵ޷飬Լֻʣһ΢ֻҪԼǿ־ۺ֮£ҲܹԪ׵
ƾһҲˡ
ǣҶ͵վԣգɢߡ
ţ̧һȭصغڵϡ
ۣһ΢죬ɽСĵֻһ£ȻȻһЩӲɽʯɿһ֮£Ȼһ΢ϯ˸ɸɾ
תۼһɿȭ֮£;ѻ˷ĩ촷ۣ紵ɢ˿ˡ
ɽϢػһ촷ۣΧľ羡ȭɢ˿ˡ
ɽҲôܹɽϢ𱬻һѻҽͲǵƾܹˡ
ոճɾ͵޽ٽõֻʥѣɾʥҲѰܹƥеġ
Աߵɷ΢ɲزһ£ƺһĨ֮ɫ
Ҷ΢΢һȭͷ򾧹ʼһһ˸ө渽һ㣬ΧӿԪһӴ֮£תۼͱȵøɸɾ
һȭûʲôĵطõҲֻⲻȭѣһȭ֮£ɽѾϢؾ;黯촷ۣһ紵֮ΧѾξˡ
޽ٽҪףͺѰ죬ǰʥ׳Ϊ񾳷Ȼ׳Ϊһһɾ֪ҪķѶࡣ
޽ٽʥѾ޵ˡ
Ҷתͷɵķ̧һС
ԱĬĬվŵɷ΢΢ٶһ£Ư˹
Ҷɷ۾Σƣ䷢һָ
ɷԹԵһſڣ˸Ӱз˹һһľ磬಻ϵҶڣڻҽһ㣬ͣ䶯ţ̾ͳϸһĺɫ߻ȫЩӰ֮С
أЩɫ˵ɲƣʼԼļ֮УԼļѾȫ׵Ϊһ塣
ЩͨģԼ޽ٽʹ֮£Щ޵еͨȴ޽ٽѰһȭ
⴦ͬһһɰС
Ҷ̧һ֮£һɵץںһץһᣬһžӨˮͱץ֮С
һ֮£ˮȻ࣡һᱬ˿תۼͻһ־صĽ״Բǧھڵڸ˸ɸɾ
ҶԼ֮ԭƣѾʧˣȡ֮ȴһƬ⻬羵Ĺࡣ
̧һָΧƹƵһ㱡漴ͻһۣظԼˣ۵沼һɺƣһɷǵʡ
ҶЩͨԼռ֮ڣվؿǰɷǷһĨЦ
֡㵹ǺʶʱҶɷǲǹûȫظԲֻܹĶһ磿ʱһٴɢǺǺǣ˵ҲˣʱҪңɫЩСȷǷǳһЩ
Ҷһ΢ЦһļɷĬȻֻ½΢ɲضһ£ʾĵĽ
װװҶӣ˵ͷٺЦѡ
֣֪װϺ࣬ѾҸʶˣôװȥǾû˿ˡҶ˹ȥļͷζص
ɷͫȻȻһΣߵɫתۼһֻڴ֣żХںɫݺݵҶԴ
һִֻɽһ㣬ƺ̲ĺڰ׻춴ķķۻƴƥ
飡ҶֲһƽʵʵغԼϣԼµ̻һǡ
һҶԼؿֻԼϳѺˣըĲơ
ҶЦһ¶ȻʮɫⲨЩѺ̾Ȭ
һȭ漴ңңض׼һ֮£¡һһźڰбը˿˷ԲĶĻһӾͽЩڰ׻춴ը˿ɷʱƺһɳͣ
ɷ͵һΧķѸתһһĴѸޱ޼ʵϰӿؾһ״ʼͶ֮Уһˡ
һҶһ߽߾ȫȡͼܹƵסҶˡ
ôûģҸոֻʹһѡҶȻޣЦеص漴̧һָ֮¡ɵ϶ʱͳϸСķͼ˺ڰȫ¶Χ
ɷֵطԼڵȻԼʹˣһԵĸоѸӿڣеʶסˣķ׵Ķ̳һţεؽǯƶס˿á


503 
ɷһ£ԭɫָˣ漴ֱ̾һεصҾ֪̫ˣΪ˹̫ƵһЩҸողʹǹ硭
ҧҧûټ˵ȥȴ޵İû֮⡣
ҶٺٹЦʹǹɿҲûģ֣ͷĶˡ
ɵݺȻŤҶתͱ仯һ󺺵дӿɷ
Ҷվǰɫɵ
ôӦҵġɷʵ
һ߿ڷɢҶעһ߲ɫתڵķسȡŷ
ҶƺûзĶһ㣬ֻԹԵ˵ȥˡ
ɵֶô׾ͱһССɾ͸ĨɱˣҲͲ֮ΪˣʵͷˡҶ赭дƳһصʱ򣬱ѾΪѾɢˣǹһʱ֮ȴӦ߷ɻеҵû˿Ի⣬ҺܾȣԴ㣬㻹ûĨɱֻһ˿ѣ˵ֻһѡ
ҶָȻһƬͶӰ沼ɷ֮ľǵӳ˵аĻѾȫ¼
ɷɫ΢ˡЩӳ÷ӳĻԼָж֮󣬽ҶеķռУȻٽ˶ǧš
Ҷôһԩ޳ˣ˵ĳ̶ֳľˣȻᱻ˵Թɴ˿֪˵ƷǺεȵ˽ҶˣҶὫԼ˽δ֪Ϊڣʹ˺ģðʮΣգ޽ٽ󷨡
ɷҲǿ֪˹ȥֱӷõĻʹҽ֮ǱĬ֮õҩķ֮ǱԪսõҩ˳ͬȻĨȥֵʶȴû뵽ҶȻ̫֮׼е
ֱ̫Ӽڵһȴ˯ɷֲ֮λɲԺã޷գܶǲɾʿղǧǰͨǺλɵֶҲֶΣԼȲµһа֣һ־ĸļҶԻҶΪԼѾʧȥһ㷴ʶͼȴǳ׵ȴᣬ֮֮¡
֮ô׾յˣλɼγҶڵʱԼӿЩеĻ֮׵ɣһֱҶķʮʱ䣬λɸ˲Ŵ̫֮һ֮סŹҪ֮
Ψһû뵽ľǣҾȻ֮㻯ˣʱ䣬׵Ĩɱ֮ϸԪʱϵ컯֮ǲǺܷأҶֶЦûôһߣҲʹⷬģðΣգͨ
Ҷ˵ɫӹˣ֪ôովĶʱȴǼҵĶ־־ǿоۼԼ壬ɾ޽ٽһأ׵Ĺˡ
ɷһ֮£ǰһڣЩûιȥ
û뵽ҾȻΪеĶû뵽ΪеĴɷ޵Ķˣ΢΢˰벽漴ʵ׼ôң
ɷмֱޱȵİûڣʱҲֻǽķһֶѣָĲ࣬ҶʶʱʱӣʹͲҶнֻ͵͵سһЩƣҶ֮㻯ڵ෨һʱֻͬƾˮĥһһε͸񲻶ľҶ᳹׿ӵĶֻС࣬µɻӱܲá
Ҳ֮Ѻ⼸ͲãոҶؽʱȻϵŴǱϾʶ㣬ѧʶ㲩֪ҶѾؼʱ̣˾һȷʵû뵽Լڹؼʱ̰ҶһѣȻᷴȫҶɾ˵ھĽ
Ҳû뵽ҶȻɾ޽ٽ߾磬ĻǺͺƣһһɶϲ硣
˵Լĳˣʱ˿̣ڵķ򶼳׵Ļˡ
ڲ
ǰôõķϣٽһǰҲֽ㣬ܲԼҵҳܰɣ˵ˣûôɵָ˹֮󣬽ϵ෨ռУȻٽҳ׵ĥҶֶЦ
ɷҡ


504 ɱ
ͨ񾵣Ҷ׶Ϥһݶ񶾵뷨λɱͲ֮ΪܹǲϧԼɵǱԼߣԼײӼѾ׵ŤˣһūôõҶǾͻΪĵһͲƷˡ
һ֮£ʱؿҶ
׼ôأɷĬȻƬ̣ʵ
ģܹҲôûĥ˵ȺáҶЦԼɵĺ£ԼµԵԼҪôҰԪ񳹵ֻأҪôԱûе·
˵ҶģЦΪԱܹ·;Կˡ
ɷһ£ĬƬ̵ϵõ˺ܶĺôҵķ󲿷ֶˣռñѾСˡ
֮Ѿһ˿ĵ˼
ҶٺЦһ޵ƨɷģĵҲ컯֮㻯߳ɵģͷβ£㲻û˿Ĺףһƾ㵱Ĳ֪һֱռҵô㶼㲻⼸涼ǳ׵İ׻ˣˣùô
ҶٺЦŷ̲ѣɷ漴Ĭˣһɱ
ҶȴΡȻЦؿȴû˿ֵĴ㡣
ûģû˿塣
Ҳ룬֣ҺܲϲľǸּۻ۵ģҼȻҸ㿪Ͳٸ㶯֣Ҷɫһ仰ҸѡԼѡɡ
ɷȻ۾ͷŭĿӡ
ѡǺãҸ㣬ҵѡ񣡡
ɷȻſ³һŰ׹⣬һƿվ죬һĿĽȻĿ³ʯسҶ㼤
飡ҶֱЦȴжͷȻһơ˲ϢʧӰˡ
С쵰ȻҸҶɷһ֣سХһжȻѿһѺۣһݳ漱ݷɶȥ
׳յСӣвϷģ㵹ͷһɷһ͵Ϯɹһܣһ߶ʱЦֻҪϷ򻨵ʱܹ»عˣСӣûܹЩʱգϷϣ
ɷȫķӳ棬һΧĿռ価ֿһ·˻ȥͷɡ
һţһ߼ٷУҶõ컯׵аͻȻԻ⣬ڼȻѾˣôҲֻǰʮĹɾʿŽѵȱʱô
ôУҾôױ˽дҶҸողǶ˵ôԱ£ѵ͵Ϯô
ɷȻڿͣ·һεĴסˣ̶֮Уֻڿͣͣ˿ˡ
Ҷٵǰֻüһϸ΢ѺۣƺǱոմɵġ
ȴһɫľŲ㸡淽ĻӰΧţˮһתϨΪ񽫣һŽףһŻɫףΪǯ֮ƣؿڿһͷ׵һ㡣
ֱǴ֮ͻ֮ÿɵķӶ׵ؿȫ
ɷжʱһΪ͵ϮҶķոչĶǲʱѾľ֮һ͵Ϯֺĵ֮һոչȫķܣǽԼڵһ㷨եɡ֮֮ǯסڵ෨ھҪһСָͷˡ
ȫ¶Χʵʵ
λɷȻԼϵ෨ָƣЩĳɳȴȫҶųɳġ
ͺñһȻܹԳڲĽṹָƣǶҲܹһܹ׵Ľգܰ
һ̻Ա߷˹һѰ磬һǰ
Ҷλ漴ɷǷһĨЦ⡣
ɷһιĵһһϣһ¾ͽҶٴθ˿
Ҷһϸľƣ֮۶һεģɷģɻЦЦѡ
ɷʱ׹ѣŵؿҶ˾Ƶزŵص㡭ʲô
רŶԸĹҶģҡҡͷЦҺķ֮Ĺɾʹƴ޽ٽΪ˽Ӧ㣬ҪôˣԺ󻹻ƨ
ɷҶξȻ֮漴ͻָ˹ɫһʱʱͱþ漴Ҳ˷ѷˣֻǴһһݻһ⣬ͳмٵطȥˡ
ҶٶȱҪ죬һģһѾ׷ɷ
ҶٶѾһпռʱıλãҡһΣжȻɷֻǰһڵȭӰͬʱ˹
̧һȭһȭıλá
һȭ̲֮ϸ˿ֱڣȻȻڱ˿ˡ
һɲǼ䣬Χ鲼ҶӰѾǧȭ֮ࡣ
飡ɷһȫµļ𵴣ķҲ赲ãȻ𵴵ȫˡ
˿Уƺʶ鶼ѾҶһȭ𵴵ĳˣû˿ļˡ
ҶһȭõֻѰᾢǷŴǧ֮ȫϸС棬ɵƻ֪
Ҷ̧֣һգǧٵȭӰʱ
ɷһоͱסˣոҶһȭ֮ѾԪ񶼸öˡ
ҶõĻͨѰ֮ͨ෨ӵĿֲɷֻҶˡ
֤Ŀֲ֮ˡ
ɷ濩죬·סһ㣬˺ðΣžؿҶɬص㡭ʲôͨȻһȭܽԼɢ޳ǡ֤ķš
ӦøеңֻͨһȭѣϱǱֻ˿ѾǻҷˡҶȭ쳣漴


505 
ΪΡɱңɷ֪ܹˣֻǶݺݵصӵļ֮ˣӦĺ֮ͽ
Цܳɴɱˣĺ֮ͽҶЦ㵱Ҳɱôֻǿ⸱廹üֵָЩûйҲп͵ķϣŷһһתĻᣬԼҵɱĲˣҲҪ̫ĵôˡ
Լҵ
ɷһ£жʱһĨ֮ɫҶɱȴҪɱˣҵֻһͶ̥תҪľϣȻ޷䣬֪Ҫֻؼܹ޵ɡ
ˣԼత֮ãֵսľҶıӻ´ʱ䣬ȴѲˡ
˵ɣɷѾһУеϷôЩ£ҵ֪ж٣ֻ¼Ҫˣγɾɵ
飬ҹܲˣԼ͸ԼܡֻͼԼһʱʹ죬ô³ȥԹ˭ͷȥǸԹԼҶȵʵ˼ңɱңһƻµĺ¶ûɣ
㡭ô֪ģɷȵؿЦѵҶ
Ϊʲô֪ҶٺЦûܴѼĴ󲿷ֶ񶾵ڶѾĨɱȡ֮ȴһЩȫڣ㲢û뵽Щͨȫɱ֮оȻĶ񶾵ħ̷ͨЩ̷֮񶾣ЩħʦҪĿ࣬ҴЩ̷ͨϣԿ̷жӣ˵һˣһĵˣôܻôϲо෨ͨ
ɷĿɿڴˣ뵽ûڲѣȴ޿κˣϾոҶؼʱ̣͵ϮҶ֮Ѿ׶ҶѾˡˡ
ҪԱҶ޽ҲԲþ¡
Ҳˡ㡣Ҷָһ׸ԪԴĸ֮漴ֻص˵ˣ˵үҲרŸڵʮ˲һҵģ㵽ȥǲȥǲҪԶֲɣ
Ҷ˵Ȼɫغȵ
˰ˡҪŪˣϷˣ׵ԡ࣬ıСȻǲˡҲɷɫҰܣ̾Ϣһܹſ³һɫĹȫԪ֮ҶС
һŹ֮кں첵ӣ˸˸Ȼﲻ֪̲˶ٴаͷ
Ҷҡҡͷǿа˽öԪͷ
ԼµЩҵԼȥƷɡ
彥µر仯ҶģˣҶԪȴЦѣ漴ת˶ɻͨɷ֮ԪǾһ顣
һεĽѵҲҶֻɵˣֻ˲֪Ϲصֶѹ׵ľ֪ж٣ǣǸԼ鷳
ôˣǰҶһԪҲʡľô鷳˲ǣ
Ź֮ش˶񶾵һеϴ˸ɾֻʣܵʶ
ܵʶ֮УѾĨɱ˴󲿷ֵļ䣬ֻʣܵʶ޵Щ켣ȴɴԼıԴʶ֮УĵĻò̫þָܹͨԴˡ
ĵͶ̥ȥɣԼ֮лĻԻģûлᣬǾĽˡҶתһɷԪָһѿһɫѺ̧ۣ־ֱӾͶ֮С
Ҷ漴ͽɷԼռ֮ˡ
ոյһȭõֻʥѣһȭ̲ϸ΢˿ÿһ˿֮ж̲һλʥȫһȭ˼һȭ֮ϣӶɵɱǿ֪ˡ
˵ɣҲôһ
һصҲһż͵ĻƤһļ룬ȴ׾ٵ͸ƤοǱϸ
Ȼһȭֻ̺֮ʥҲǵֵסһȭģԼ˷Լһȭ̲ͨǱ˵ɣǽҲֵסˡ
Լ޽ٽ׵ͨ׵Ľף֮ѣ
ҶԼƣһûУָָƶѾڣȻһ壬ֱ˴ˡ
ף׽Ҷȶ˼֮С
ϵĺˮš
ָơơ硭
Σ۾Ȼ
ˣǱ˼ˣҵĽǻȻһ壬һ飬Ȼֻ򾧹ûо磡
Ҷ͸һ֮Цһ漴ûԥ򾧹ʼתǵ
ϡ筹λͬʱĹҶ漴һſڣڶԪϵеԪͷͬʱ˸УС֮кȻڵȼ˾ɫĻˣЩ
ţ֮УʼѶʮ澭¿ʼŲȻ֮ϸСͨȫе򾧹
˻жԼ֮УԼĽҲٱҲֹˡ
תڵͨͷϺȻĥ̺֣һһԼתš
أڰɫⲨʼȫҶ潥ʰ쵵ɫʯɳγһһ㣬һĿɫʹⲨΪ֮ᡣ
ľ漴ſͰ࣬еԪÿһλá
֮ͻҵ̫Ҳ֮С
ͷϵ裬һһⲨԴԴϵڡ
ϵ򾧹Ϸʼһؽףʼʥ׵񾳷ΪΪΪΪ֮֮Ϊռһһؽֱɡ
׵ĹУļϣһ㾧ɫķĩ
ףɷ򣡡ҶȻһ
ĽȻâʢų⡣
ɾ޽ٽͨԼ򾧹֮ڣ֮ѰҶֿ̧һԼֱۣɾ޽ٽ޽٣ɫ࡭
ҶʣĬ
ҶոսףķȫҪиͨʱҶȻܵظеһѪ
Ԫ񾭹޽ٽĳ״ĥ֮ѾӨ͸ټޣټףս֮£ҶѾһĸӦ
ոƵףԪˡҶȻ۾ͫбһ⣬Զ
漴΢΢ҡͷЦһԼɽ֮Уͣð
Զһǰع⻡ʻƮƮҶǰâɢȥ¶һɫ԰׵Ů쳣š
ҶתͷһŮǱˣӮ档


506 ս
ʱȴȫȻƽƤģȴ԰ף񾪻̣۽λûŲ顣
Ҷ˼һ£漴˻ɢɫ쵹Ⲩһװۣ˺֮С
ԱںӱߵҶЦؿӮʱ¶ϲ֮ɫæ˹
Ҷ磡Ӯ˹ס
Ӯ棬ǷʲôˣҶסӮ֣ʵ
Ӯ漱ͷ󺹣סҶˣҶ磬ŮΧأ½Ҫֲ֧סˣҶ磬֪飬Ӧ鷳ģѾ˺ΣĹͷˣܲܡܲܡ
ֱţ˵ȻЩɫΪΪѡ
ܹΧŮǵĸвɸ֣Ҷ洦ɼǰȥ뻢һ㣿
Ҷûж˵ʲôֻǰס֣οҪ˵ûУ
ҼȻɵľ磬ǡǲֵܹġӮ˶ţܻص
õˣҸһȥɡҶ˵ͷһһ˵Ҫ̫żˡ
˾֮漴һŮڡ

Ů⵽֣֮Ҷ޽ٽʱԪҵүۺȻŰݷãҪŮ¼޸檣ҪԼҴΪޣŮȻʣ߳ŭ̾ҵɣŮǣŮǵʿǴ󲿷ֶˣƴֿʿ
ľˡ
Ӯ潫ʼĩҶ֮Ҷʱ
Ҷһ߷ţɫӮѾͷȴǴһͷ΢΢̾Ϣһ޵߹Ȼǽأδգɾʹƴ˶ֻ֮ЩԶɹ
뵽Ҷ˼Լжʱֳ׵ķԼ˴ƴĳɾѰ˲ԼĽԼս棬Ѿ׵ڲ֮ˣ˴ȻнҲȻоյܹɹˣȥʲô
ԼȻɾˣǽͨУȴҪѼʱ䣬Ҷ˴ξǻ˼Ž޽ٽڵʥΪɷһеҵƵףɱǿͨ׼ɱǿıиʱȴǱš
ˣԼ޽ٽѾҲƥˣɢ֮΢֮ת䣬ɻ
˵Ѱһˮ޺һٶȣˮٶȳ٣ܶשʯ
ˮ۳ΪСأôκ嶼ֵסˮʹˡ
֤Ŀֲ֮ٱ˵Ҷʥɽ֮м㲻ϣʥ΢Сһأ֮ҲԵסһȭ֮ȴ̲ǧϸ΢ʥһȭֵֻܹô
ʥתΪʿأлһʲôΣ
ɽ֮еԪǳ棬ҶǿԼڵʥתصҪͻƺĲΣҶķѵʱ;Ǿʹȥˡ
ƾϵҶǿܹЩɸ˹еģõĻܽɱɸˣǿɾ鷳ˣԼѾɾдƴ֮ӵʵǱʣԲܹȵѹסЩɸһ
˵ķٶȼ죬ۿżŮˡ
Ӯ漱͵ҪȥȻͣ˲
ôҶʵ
Ҷ磬ǲЩͻˣӮ̧ۿЩȻΣôˡЩﶼȴ㡭
ҶɿοҷĺˣոһͨɸҲκҲãɽʱҲǷŮӦ˶ϲǣֻ˶㲻ΪΣ㲻ң֪ŮҾҲӲ
ӮŻ˼֣ҧͷ
˵֮䣬˶ѾٵŮ֮Ͽա
Ҷɫصطٵ˿У·ҵս
ŮѾһࡣ
ֻ·֮ܵӷĺ֮£ң·𱻳״ҽʱһݺһ㣬Ѻ۵⣬շ˺ţŮǧĽƶѾ״ô˿ɢŰ߲ĺ⣬ҫա
ѾҳѺ۵ձҹ֮Ѿƽ漴ֱϷаʿǸҡ
Ů֮бһȺ˸Χˣ׻ըѲͣΧĽеķըѳ˲ĹⲨɱҽź
ǽôɵģӳķͼƾѰ޷ƽ⣬ټĽƺ󷨣ʹһڹһеĽƣƾͨҲ봳
Ůڵʿ˲أѾ䵽˵ƾڵƷסЩ˵Ľˡ
֮£Ȼ⣬ɫĴƲ֮з
¡һ죬ɳǵΧʱը˱һƣһ㸽ƴ˺ƣֻƬ̵ĹЩѾ˺ѵһӡ
ЩǽѾǧٿף䣬שضǡ
Ӱسɭɭаǵضɫ⣬֮м촷۵;˸о޾ײкĸо
Ҷָƾһץгǧ춴Уһɨ֮£Χ⾢Ƴ촷ۡ
ৣҶкȻɳһ׵Ľչ֮£˻Хն
Ȼ֮ӭУʿӦƽƽĽ̲֮ѰĸʱмȵĲмЦ
֮ɽ֮пν˶Ĵ·ɫѾ䵽˸ĵλ˭Ҳֶ
ˣ֪ɫĽ͵ǧ£վ𱬿еľƷɵһ㣬һ¾͸п˱⣬һɵ֮£ػǧٵϸ˿Ľ׷˵飬һ°ס飬鱯һһɨ̻֮ҷ
ʲôʿʧɫŭһûӦҶֻ̽ʳָһɫĽǧٴ֮£Լɷ嶼ֵסϬĽ͵һ֮£˲Ϣͽն촷ۡ
Աаʿζû뵽ҶȻ˵Ѳһ־Ȼնɱ֡
ӭ˵֮ҶҲֻһ׽ɼȻҲһʵҶ⽣Ϯһ¾͸촷ۣ˴ֵס


507 ɸ
ҶһѰȴϸ΢ĸ֮ɵģ֮޼᲻ݵıԷӵ˼¡
־ǶݳʵԪɷһ֮£Ԫ񶼸иƬɢ˿ˡ
ͬʱһĵ˿ҶȻһ˺沼ϸС޶ħӰ׼ҵһҡ
һɫ糯Ҷ˹һ糯Ӯ˹ȥ
ģҶһһӰ˲ϢӮǰָɫĽȻ۶һɫĹ˸̵ĵ⣬漴һһ¡һ֮£ը˸ɸɾɢ˸ɸɾ
Ǹĵ˶׸ˣһ¾ը촷ۡ
Ҷ쳤ХһٿȻ黯һƵ̣๥ʿǰʱһҶȻǰˣ̧ճɴȭȻһ̵㡣
һưɫⲨٿȻڡ
ʿȻȫ··ĸһҹţҶһȭ֮У̺ǧٵϸ˿ľ𵴣һ֮£ʿȫѾױ𱬳һ޵ĺۼ
֮еѪһȭеľ򱬷ֽޣ»ԭعء
Ҷμε֮£ƮлǧȭӰתۼΪĸ־ͱȭһ˻ĵȻڵ෨𱬻촷ۡ
úݵСкȻһŭ߳
һ𵴵ҶоϢʱһϡ
һֺֻȻԿ̽˳ָйⲨתһ֮£ҶӮʱ͸оΧԪ׶̳һ壬ƾתԪ޷תˡ
Ӯɫˣŵؿֻ֮޴ơ
úãҪɵֶءҶһЦζȻһɲѾģ͵һն֮£մɷ·նһĴ죬漴ͻָɡ
ҶסӮ棬صģ˽̸ңȥ¡
ӮѵתͷɫƽĮȻҶȻԲ𡭡Ҷ磬Һ㡣
ĺˣҲôġĵȥˡҶοļͷ漴ᵶһӣסֵֻ
Ӯɵ·ЩȻתˣסҶ㲻ܹȻأһ׷ȥ
ѾͷҶЦһ
Լڲ֪ˡ
ͷˣȻ˵飬ǵ͵ļ˹ײĶᰡдһˡ
ӮҴææس˹ȥҶ£˼еߴӰ齥ɲԡ
λϵǿɣ׼ҵػȺŹҶ쳤Цһ漴ֵ̧бָա
һЦ˰ˣ֪СӾͽ¬ִɡ
Ц֮дһèˣһϷʡ
Ʋɢ˿¶վʿŵۣһɷǵģ
˵߻Ůͯӣֳٺͷ
Ҷ˵ͷ̲סʧЦˣʲô⣬ǸողɵĲ񣬾Ȼǰƴ
ɵĲ񣿡λͬʱһɷ籩ʼü֮ҪȻ
λɸ˶ŭһ̣ԼĽɫΧ綼رȿԼСǧӰ
λ¬ʿһһӿлɫҶģڿһһ㡣
Ҷһ𣬶ʱ˿ѩĵ֮£Ӧλɵʮ͵Ĵ
ٺٺ٣㲻ֻѣҶıҿ㻹ܷôſ
λһḬ֮̃ɫЦѣֽҶҹݣһʱҶȫ޻֮
ȥҶƺѾȫ޻֮ˣʵϲˡ
ɾ޽ٽ֮Ҷϵľ֤·ӣеƿжѾҪģǻƿƿѡ
ٺ٣ٺ٣ҶЦλһɾ֮
ҶȻһٿȻʧ˿
һ̣Ѿλɵͷˡ

ҶһȭƼͣһȭ˵ϡ
λ˲ŵؿȭ磬һ𣬺Ȼҽһһһɢ˿
Ҫлˣ֣׼ôķ򣡹Ҫͻƾ磬Ҫȫİæˡ
Ҷ̧һȭȻ漴̧һ֮£λڵȻٷһִķˮһʹɵϿʼͣسȡ˳ȻٱҶؾôԼ֮У׵Ϊһ塣
һɾؿԼͬ鱻һȭȻʱ֪ҶĿ̴ֲһתɳûȿҶոշɳֻǰȻһֻȭͷصغͷ­档һ챬졣
ʶĳҶָһץץеɷ򣬽ڵͨΪС
ŮΧ֮Уӵλɸˣ˶Ϊľ硣
ҶȭͷˣƬ޵Ŀռ䣬ǧȭӰֻһЦ
ǴҶڳ׵׳ɾ߲εĿֲˣոһȭ֮΢ͬʱ𵴶ÿһ΢ʯõʥҲֲֿȭ
ʿѾɵΪˣȻҶһȫеĿռ䷨ͬӶ˹
Ҷһҡζؾͻ˰˵⣬˸׺ɾʿֲ֮£ͬʱӲһƣֻһͳױһų޵ĺۼ
֮кȻһֻľ֣ޱ޼ʵĺֻ沼ϸܵһϸһ쳣µ·ɽһ嫹¡
ҶζȻ任֮£ವһ·ٵ֮С
ŮڵĿռ·ܵĳ쳣ǿԼһ㣬Ԫסˡ
ɸˣ
סʮɣ֣÷׷׽վ𱬴촷ۣΧȴǷ·ճˮһ㣬ɢɢ־ۡȻ˿Щ֮
Ϊ׵ĸվ޺һֻͬʱĸӲҶ͵һ
ҶɫһŭŮ֮еԪѾһ飬ЩǸͶˣЩŮǵʿȴǰȻ
ʮս׵ʿ̧һӣʱѣռ֮б͵غ˹
Ҷħһǰָһ£һȭЩ˺
¡
֣Ϊ׵Ӻȵλˣ
ţؽˡ


508 ɱʧ
Ҷӿ̤£һݲӺݵȣɲͬѰʿȶʱΧ˲ҶˣŮ̷ֳμӪš
֣ۣˡ
ս׵ӺȻһֱ΢΢һ£ΧռȻһƬ߰ػ磬ҶϮ˹
ҶҲֻ̧һ£ռķԵ·ƣ˲Ϣ֮ͱҶؾ֮С
ڳ˵ɫһ䣬۸ɫ䣬ܹ赭дػôһʵѾɵΪѾʤˡ
ɾ֮Ҷǽ̫漴ķ˰ʮһʱ䣬Ž֮ͨУոһ֮£ÿһϸ˿ľ֮ж̲˱и֮ͨɱѾֲ˼ޡ
λΪҪɱڣƽŮڵһƬҶ˹ݲȵص
˹ؾôºһʿǰ
ҶʱЩͶһᲨºʿǡ
Ŷʸմ۸оҶϢɵɫ΢䣬Цʵ
ҶһЦҶĳ˳ɵ֮õŮıӻ޵ѳɣȻҪ黹Ůˡ
۴ЦԭˣҶҪ黹飬˵ҲǺĵֻ
䣬ҶΧĿռȻһҶȻоΧĿռ·ˮ̶һ㣬ʩҳԽ
Ҷɫһ䣬漴ЦţȻң
Цѣָһöɫķתں״ķƣ̧һѾҵץסҶҶӰʱѹƶ˱һ㣬̾ͱ׽
ʱ˿̣ҶıȻгŤѷ죬һɫ⣬ϢֱӴıĵλãϢȻݵ˼㡣
ɫĽ沼ζķȴʮֵգֱӾƿգһɫķֱʴ
Ҷɫȴ˿䣬ֻЦؿΧˡ
һҶ֮ӲһϢһκȻžһ鿪һ漴ƮһߣȻжһеɱ
̺ĴķȻûƸ׵İסˡ
ʲôͨɫ䣬еȻܹԼ黯ֽ⣡
㵹ͦ
ҶЦؿΧˣһƤȻɫȻ֮ѸٱһŻɫĺɫ壬״ķʼ߸ͣ
ݼ涾Ȼʹóʹһ̫ˡҶסŻɫ壬ҡͷЦһ
ΧЦЦ˼ҶȻܹתۼͻޣؾôܿ˺ʱٿȻ䡣
ҳҶ̧һָһȭӰһ㻮
һҵرˣԲʮ״СһƬվһƬ磬ĵˮݣһ㣬ըƵĻ֮Уо¶һɫӰˡ
ɫӰһɫڽɫĶ̽һںɫĽεسΧػԼ£һڵɡǣȻܹڡ
ɫɡǿʼһһ˿ϡ
ɫӰӲսˣһɫĽѾסȫһ֮¾ҪƬռ漴ͱҶסˡ
ˣͲٻˡҶָᵯһ£ŻɫȻ˳ȥһ߽εľ⣬ڱ͵Ϯ˵ϡ
͵ϮŴֲ֮£Ҷһˣȫ¿ʼĽƴڵţİ
Ҷ̧һУеϵƮƮ֮УҶḧŽ棬漴ˡ
ֻһָϸ̶߳ѣһƵĻɫϸϸ۲֮£ϸ˿ͼɵģһϸŹһתݡ
ܲʮ㣬ɱҲǲġֻ͵ϮȴǴСˡҶ̽˵
Ҷתɫ۵ߣλ֣ҪеԿ
ٿ͵Ϯߣȫ³ǧٿף·һ㣬ϸСĺɫһȥ쳣زҽ
ҵĳΧڶʿ޲ͷ
Ʒ֪͵Ϯ˶ٸˣΪߵΪĸˣδܹôһǽȴǵһԼ׿ھƷƷֲɱζˡ
Ҷ漴תЩɫʿǣɫλǵҪҪ˿Ҹողֻ֣ǲ벨Щ˶ѣ㲻Ҫòˡ
еĽѾָЩʿǣںɫ̺ŤĽһĶһ΢΢ţš
ڳɫǿǶ֪ġ
ܣҶȻһ̧һָתܵʿͷϿպȻһɫĽ⣬ͨûκλƣһֱ
ʿʱԭضˣ·һһ㡣
ҶЦдһ˿Ϣִ̧˸ָžһɾʿͨȻ΢ƮƮڵˡ
𾪵ؿŸոһĻ˼˰Σ侲صλ֣ǾҪɱֵģһ֣⾭Ӫ֮õŮǾҪˣ˺еʿֻһ֮ˡ
˼أҶһЦ˹ʵ
ۺȻ̧һסɫĵ飬ЦˣҶֻ֣ҪϷ¶뿪㲻ãǾʯ٣Ҽµ׻顣
ҶɫʱŮڵʿǶЩ
¶ģǺǣһϰĶҲҷ¶ģҶٺЦбҪһ£ʲôΪôСܹɱңԿɡ
Ҷһһ˹۶ͷϺˮδεе鲻ͣزš
ৣҶ漴һһҪܵɣһնУ˲Ϣ𵴶΢
㡭۶ͷϵĺˮʳΪϪˮˣҧȵҶΪҲң
ҾΪ㲻ҡҶؿҴڿʼÿһɱһˣһֱɱΪֹΣ


509 ˵
˵̧꣬һӣԶĸʿȻ飬ըѳ΢
ҶÿһһʿȻ飬˻ҽ۶ͷ϶亹¡
ԣ۶ͷ£˻ҿɷ¶ģŹǣ
Ҫ뿪ûôףҪ¶֮⡣Ҷϵе£Ҿͷ뿪
۴ŭҶ֣㲻Ҫ̫ˣ
ҶɫǹռŮǣɱôණȴҪ˵ҹݣ
˵꣬Ȼ̧һӣһ˳ȥת˲׷һʿıһ죬ͽ𵴳˷ĩ
ҶּݶһЩʿԪӡסˣ𵴳촷ۡ
ͷһе飬Ѿһ˿֮ɫǿصûҪ⣬ҿԸ㣬ռơҿԡ
бҪһҵĵˡҶŵЦغˣٵһһľҵķǰˡ
ҹʲô϶ϵҾ;뿪׼Ҫ뿪ڣȴڸ㱨𣿡
ҶָĿռƬ･ˡΧ¶⡣
ӹһĨɫ漴ڱȣãԣʮƷ
ʶʱ߲ǿܣΪɷ򡣡ҶЦˣã⣬Ǳ뷢¶ģٶŮеκ˶֣ħ֮¡
㡭۶ͷҪ֪޵֮µľħ֮ˣз׹⣬ݺݵؿҶʱҧгݵصãľˡ
˵꣬漴ͷ˶ĲŮڣҧʹ֣ʼ⳥ˡ
ʮƷôɵؽҶ漴תͷҲصؾô˾ˡ
Щ˶ԶˣٺŮڶʿϲ
ȣȣҶȻһ£͵ؿȳ˵ɫѪҺסؿڡ
ٺʿǶһӸ֮ۡ˳
֮вкߣл˲ٵĲ֫ϱۣʿұˣ򶼱飬ԪĵͷвȻ
ǺЩͷѾɾϾ磬ڵĿռƬȻѣԪΪһ壬ҶһԪ𵴳촷ۡһҲֻҪǵԪؾۼɡ
ŮȻʹȺʿǣǶҶûзԣϾҪٶֵĻƶŮǶһ־޴˺ʹˡ
ֽʵʵˣϾ̫أǵԪûеõۣпԻء
ץһȻԪƬתͨǳһ漴ЩԪ񳹵׾£ףƵͨ棬׵ǵԪ
Ҳȡֻ󷨣ЩԪۼȻơ
ֻ¾ǳδܹõ
Ǻǣ˵ıԶģ޵߸ˡҶһԪ΢Цһǵ޵߶ܹ˵زʺ׺˲𣬴ǻۡ

ۣôģӮ濴ҶȻԼ黯˹ʵ
ܿһ
ֻһѶѡҶЦһ漴ҿۣ¶ؿλõļ
ֻɫڵĽûѪڽΧһƬĿĵѺۣ·شûĴһ㣬״Ѻ۱鲼
ŮʱʧɫǶԴ˽ⲻȻҶжǾǱˡ
Ӯæó˵ҩ
ˡҶƾĵҩЦոʱ򣬻λɸԳûг֣ҼǷѾֶβŽǸķȫķҲˣҪԼڵ෨ˡصңҲ˷ѵҩˣϢվָܹˡ
Ҷ治ɫغ£·漴ȡеһɫķȵݸܹ£Ԫ㻹ȰЩʿǰɣٰ֮ǳڵƺˡ
Ůôһ˵һ漴͵˵ͷתߵ档
Ǵ򿪸⣬еĵҩȡ˳ЩʿԪ˻
Ůڵĳƽɢȥˡ
ҲҶıԣԼֶܲʩչľͲչֳһʩչҪö÷ΪԼĵһӴԼͨˣԵķԼԵеʱҪܵˡ
Ƿߣھŵ֮µĵʵɾ󣬲˵ģǵƾԼͨҲ޵ˡ
ÿһë׶ܱı˿ϸľȴļʹʥǧٵ˿ϸı𾢵ܹ˳𱬷ֽ̬
Լǽ޽ٽ׵ɵľ磬Ҳûж壬ֻܿԼ
ҹɫǵ㡣
ҶȶڳкԺһȪڡһȪŮģܹ׳ܣΪа
峺ȪˮзһݣΧһε߲ʵ⣬ԴԴϵӿڣҶǵɫɫĽɫ쵵Ĺ⻪סһһεĺرȡ˳ر˵ɫ漴ֱɫ־Ƭ֮ھɢΣָ˼
쳣̺ɱͨɸ˵屻ˣҲѲƤ
ҶԽ⽣ΧļͿˣΪܹ޽ٽãԾпʼָ
ǱɫڽĶ̽ҺԼ޽ʱƵףͨеֵܹͨĹȻĻԼ޽ٽ϶ҪķѺܴĹܹ˺Ǳи֮ɱͨԼֻҲѲƤ
˺ĽƾһϣҶ;ԼʱĿͷûа׳ԡ
һͨɢŽɫ͵ϼ⣬һͷɫĹâ
еʿǱĹâϣе˻Ȭ
ףƵԪһֺƴĽɴĽɫϼ⣬ϣ˸е˵ĿʹЩʿǵԪ궼õʱѹԪµĴˡ
һЩԩ걻ף֮ͨҲеԹתȥˡ
Ů֮У׻ָյƽûΪεĴٶɹݵӰ졣
ҹɫһգӳŮڲлߣΪƲҵĳڸ˼ࡣ
ҶվߵͥԺС̧ͷвҵɫɵ̾Ϣһ˵͵͵
£
վĻ֮Уɫ쳣ţֻǽëȴ
£ɺЩôҶ˹


510 Ϊ鶯
һתҶĻͷ΢΢ʶš
ʿѾôҶĽܵвɵ̾Ϣһļͷѯʵ
²һᣬԭأһشʿ٣ܹİжʮˣѾͨԪɽ֮棬ò˶ãǾܹ»ָԪˣһһʮˣԪƣֻʣ˱ԴѾֻ֮УЩ˽ת֮󣬳ɾǲ
˵仰ʱѾ˼ʡ
˽жԼѡҲˣȡҲáҶʵһ£ƽصУղ죬ֻᵽıϣ𣬺γһҸء˰ˡ޵Ҳоʱ򣬸ЪϢЪϢˡ
ӣᡣ
Ҷ§סĽһ˿
ǲǺܣ±סҶļͷʱҲŸоԼǶôĴֻܿʹа
ˣ£ܹƴɱΪŬˣпΪߣȴܹǵ޵ʿԸɳǶսı죬Ҫǿöˣ㿴ǣ˵ˣоڡҶ
ôһ˵кǷһĨˡ
ҶһЦ֪ԼѾеıɢ˴롣
ֻǵ޵ģΪ˶𡣡Ҷļͷο˵ЩѰķˣɾ磬Ҳ޾ķôǼôˣЩʿ¾İˣһж
ϢᡣʪҶļͷˡ
Ϊʲôϲᵽأ
˶ǴģһҵĴ¯ʱʱнҲˣǾǶ˾ηʱɿܵĽʱ翵ޣչһ˿֧Ҷ̾Ϣʱһ翵ȴܹ˰ѵʱ̣˼ǿȴھʱֻǣٴž뿪
ˡ
ºȻԼЩɬҪȻе΢ܶƵ
¡ҶһЦȻס裬΢΢һ£ϺȻһ㵭κ죬˵ѬѬϢ
һǵһαǣءƳҶһۣص
оΣҶ΢Ц
ܰº̹Ȼص
Ҷ漴ȻȻ§ס֫Ķ档
²ˣֻǲͣزš
κεطҶ̤±ߣЦҾǳԷеһŹٷ壬̼ɭϣҵֻҽ޷ɾͨ˼ܹݽ߸һǶҪⲻҪϲ򣬸̤ɽ硣
£ͬģҪȰһ䣬뻢ѨɵûӡҶЦˣḧյȻָоôȻΪʲôûƣ
ĬȻΣ漴˵ͷ˵ûһֱܿ˽ǧˣǡ
Щߵشͷ
׽ܵĵ򣬾ǲմȾŮ֮ôŮ֮˱ᡣ
³һ£漴ǵ˵ͷ۾ɫȴǶһЩã
˵ıڣ˵ı֮кõһ棬Ҳлһ档Ҷɫµ˷ľŮ֮飬ܶ޵ɶԴ˶ǱЫƶ˼Źƺʹѹȴ֪һжǲɱģǳѾɵĸ֣ӱܲãֻѰѾ޷ĶȻѾɸˣȴɿհһţ˵ĶԲԣ
˼ǣҺĶôĺ̹ס
޵˵ЩҪڣҲǽСҶһЦȻŵֱ̧һǡ
µ޷ɷڵ
ѾΪҶ鶯ˡҶ˳ƽ§ڻһĲϣһ·ȥ
֮·˷ɻң¶Өѩļ
Լ˳ԼеĿ
¼ٵغûֻ۾Ҷûٿתȶ
ΧһƬŨԪӿһƬ˿࣬ͥԺʵʵһһ㡣ҶҰĽ̬࣬ᵽյѹ

ҶѾǲԼʲôʱѹġ
ʱѾڸ޵֮ˣϸһŽ
ȻоЩģתͷһԱߵ´ŶǶѩߣһ˫ˮӺעһƷջ
ԭ˪Ѿڻˣķ֮ȴִůЦݣܰĵ㣬
Ҷתͱסӵһκճյ
һɷҷİлŮļ鳹׳ɢһ㱯ˡ
á
ԭлŮȻôǿң˵΢΢۾§סе㺦£ģںȻһ̶Ҫ뿪㡣
ʲôҲҪ뿪㡣Ҷḧα㰡ٵκ飬ѵһẦô
㲻ᡣճյֻ뿪
õģ£ʱܹ嵭һеģǵҵŮǵʱ򣬾ͱŮǵľɫˣˣǾʱĥлŮߵ˾ͷܹˣõġҶסĽеʱ㣬ŨתһУʱҪȥЩ
šǡ
˷򳪸棬ڵһÿ쳯Ϧϼ쳣⡣
ԴڿŮ֮ʱıԣϹʱԭʼİڣ׳ɢһ˿ࡣ
ԭΪŮǱƣһֱãһԵ˫֮һзսԾɢ
ҹҹͨ಩ڳ˴֮ǳ
Ҷһ˫޺üѾһɨˣԭɾ籾ǲԲģںҶ˫֮ҹ֮£ԲˣɾҲ۷ľأۿſͻƿΪһˡ
ҶΪο
ۿҲҪͻؾ磬ϾŮ֮УһЩҵ׵ģҴвٵľѧ֮³ɾɴҲ̫Ѱġ


511 ޳
ҹҹͨ಩ڳ˴֮ǳ
ؼڶ࣬ص㣬ؼȷǲģеתɾ
Ҷ뵽ͨȻ˿ʱͲˮĹɢĺ⡣
أԼɼƺ˳תţ澭ʮ
漴ʮܻϸС񾭣鲼ԼȫµÿһļʹԼ׵ĸѸơ
޽ٽǽԼ򾧹Ȼٿأ򾧹ȴǱ˴˼䲢ϵȻ򾧹Ԫûеﾭ磬ȴԽס
ͨһ֮Ҷʱ쳤Ц
ɾ޽ٽ֮ҶȴûټȥǷ֮豹棬ԼˣŲˮ𣬶澭ʮ֧ϸʹԼ޽ٽԭĹɣ׻ԭΪģ
ȫﾭ¹λ֮Ҷ֪ԼѾˣԼ޽ٽ֤·ӣȻ޴а֣Ҫ𲽽ȴǧѣϴҶڵʱռĽϣǽ׵ֵزˡ
⾳ѾˣټڵͨȻÿһɷ򣬶Ѿ൱һɵΪˡԸͲҪٴͷʼɾܹ֮Ϊ壬ֻǽķмɡֻҪоͿˡˣ𲽵صʱ䣬ٽɽеķ˽ǧʱ䣬ŽԼ޽ٽ򾧹ʥصΪ
󻨷һĹԼľ絤ȫ֮Լȴֻʱ䣬ͽԼ޽ٽ˵صĻ춴ֺķʱ䣬ڵ򾧹֮УŽɾ
ڼ䣬Ůڲ֪ķ˶ٵŵر͵ʱҶթʮŮǵĿ֮ⷿУҲȻǺϧ󿪿ⷿҶ֮á
Ϊ컯Ϊ¯Ϊ̿⣬ΪͭҶ쳤һȫ𱬡
Ҷڵྭϲʮɫ⣬գҫķ漴ȻۣҶƺѾ͸ɫÿһ㼡ǾӨ͸̲صľȣɢҫһƬͨ͸Χķ䶼ֵסɹҫ
˷еĴ֮£ɷס
ɾ޽ٽ֮󣬾֤ûκƿԵģҲҪʲô֮࣬򾧹͸֮£һеһоѾɼ˵ҪƿǾֻƽʱÿķѾԪˣŮǻǸԣ´򿪶ĿټνɻģҶʵ𲽽š
ڡ⸱峹׽ΪˡҶһ¯վ˳˫Ŀڣմǧ
һϸ΢Ľ⵭ɲ飬мٵشţ֮ΧĳѾ֮С
ȻþӨ͸·仯Ӿһ㣬âҫ۶ĿྭҲ£
Щеʱ޽ٽĹؼʱ̫ˣԼڵ򾧹ͻһԣʧȥÿһĶԣҶֻջЩϸСľ磬סԼ޽ٽĲԣҲֻǱסĶʮѡ
Ҷһʹת֮£ȫľȵѾĥָƽģ漴»ָԭеģˡ
˵ҲǷˣ䣬򷨹һĵˡҶָȻϧвûɵķ򣬷Ļһˡ
ǧ֮ǰʮ֮Уж̲żɷţֻҪԼȥķѣǻԵɺϵɣ˵Ҷ޽ٽ֤֣ٷķֶΣͳͳ֮
ҶоԼڵ޽ٽԸĴͨʩѹԼϣҲκβԼˡ
ŮȻظյĹģ

һĽһ䵽ŮǵϿա
Ůڣ
վһˣֳŽɫķּȻС
ôļӣΪԼǴʥּôҶſֺĵˣɰЦһ
üͷ΢˹ȥʹ
ؿλʹߵ޳³ǳҲ֮أҲӦɳǰȥһǡ
λưʹߣŭصŮǸոһѣôܹٳս
ʹ߲ص³⻰Щ޳˵ɣʱܳٵʱ򣬻᲻ǳ飡Խ˵ĻѾ͵ˣȥȥ
Ҷվʵ鷳ˣ
⵹ǡ¶һ˿ģεصȴʮһε޳٣ÿɴСҪǰȥġʦ޳֮ġ
ֻҪˡҶ̧Աһ֮£һ۷漴ϣˣŮڲҪκȥȥɡ
㣿д󼱣ôԡ
ҼΪŮķǱͲˣӦսҶס֣Ȼ룬һλɸ֣ӦԳŮǵĳ˰ɣ
Ҷ㣬ǡ½һκ漴ᰴסҶ˫֣оͲ֮⡣
õҡҶЦЦ룬漴óǱ񵶣ݸţΪسá
硭ҡҡͷ񵶵ݸŰɣų֣һܹһݰȫҿ֮ⷿеЩõϣҲһ
ϴδжթʮƷһ⣬ͳͳҶµжģз棬һֱ֧ҺϧؿⷿӦ
Ů˶Ѿ֪Ҷ˳ȥˣҶչֳĿֲʵȴû˵ҷ顣
ô࣬ҲķѷҶ˳漴ס֣ðɣģڵҴˣ⣬һʲô飬һʱġ
ţ磬һжˡ´·װ
ľȻԲɾͲǴΪ֮ʱ
Ҷһ磬ѾԲΪǷȱľһݶġ
ҶҲ˵лġдƤıӣҲ᳹һеģõļ䣬׼еĻ𻨡


512 Ϸ
ҶڿУŽµĲкߣлвʬ塣
ǰǸСɳǣϧѾƻĸɸɾˣֻʣصשˡ
ֻܴ⴦лϱ֮пԿСɳǵĹģˡ
ʳȥؾôϳһѪʬɣҶüͷ塣
һȳȻ˹дŨŨѪȺͲбϢ
裡һͷţħ˹ͷħ´һʵصףһ˫ɫĴֱؿҶɭɭĹâͷħһڴϸĻͭӴӿ糱ˮһ㡣
ҶƬ֮бʱţħХһͷֻ޽һǣȻǧɴһǳ͵ײ˹³һŵħ򣬳Ҷ˹
ġҶָ̧̧Լǰһ㣬óֻ˶ţͷһָţͷţ棬Ȼֻһϸ΢ı죬ͷţţǵλÿʼ𱬳ޣͨ嶼һ޵Ԫ
Ա߼ͷС޼ǵͷĿȻһ¾ͻˣʱûɢתͷܣֻԼһ㡣
תۼܵøɸɾˣҶҲûм׷
һлϱ֮ʬƲݵԹ̾˿ףԪƵĽ⣬Ĳ꾡˳ףϴȫԹ֮漴Ϳֻۣ֮Щл꾡Ͷֻ֮С
Ҷк޵˵ҪʵȴһҪǷ˵ĻôԹҲǼġ
һʿԹ÷Բڴݲ龡
ʵӰףҫ֮£Թɵسֻ֮ۿٵͨзȥ
Ȼ䣬ӹһ֮вһɾǣ֮ոձϴԹԹ鱻ǣĳзȥ
аԵײУȴִһ
ȻȡԹҶһ
˳ȥһͽһɢ˿ָյƽ
Ҷüͷ΢壬ϵһת֮£ڶ֮£ɹ֮£̾ͽǣ֮˸ɾˡ
ߺˣΪҪȡЩԹ飿
СӣܵĵǿдһһֻɫڵľƿգһѳҶ͵ץ˹޾аɷ֮бɱ¾顭ȵ༫ײеķΪ֮ᡣ
ڤڤ֮УҶоΧһɴ˷ѹ˹ΧĿռƺѾ䷨׵ļѹҶ͡
ɴɵƿطǷ̲صķ֮дһ޷ӱܵĸоֱӾͳѹ˾ʶ档
ⲻɲеֶΣɲеֶΣ
һλɸˣһǸаˣҵ޽ٽҶӭһץϲЦһζȻһöƮ˾Ӱɲ
һһת֮£һ죬Χվи˿
ţһ֮£ವһ£һ㣬ֱӾʹˣ˿һݵĵˣؿ¶Ц
˻һεǱѹҶͷˡ
ûܣݵص
ǰûġҶӭսһ
һݵ˴ЦǸĺӣããϵҾϲӡ
Ǻˣԩ޳ΪҪңҶʵгңңָȻ֪аˡ
Сӵͦﻬٺ٣ô򵥣ϷǺԩ޳ģո·ʱ򣬸оϵ򣬺ٺ٣㲻ݵЦһ⺢ҲͦϷҵºˣ
ҶȻص˵ͷעΣ漴ڵܻܲһλǰ
һʲôݵû뵽һ漴ʵ
Ҷɵҡҡͷҵ˼ǣɷҿ㲻ȥתȥ
󵨣ݵ˴ŭɫʱΧһɹǱɽһѹˣҶ˻˸ģ
ݵصøСӣǲϷģ㵹ͷһããܺãղԪĵϷݣ
ݵɫһһںɫĿҶӿ۳״ģצسɶ
Ҷеɲһһѩĵ⼱ʹ˾ַһɲǼǧΣˮɫĹͣطݵ˵ĺħֽ֮£ӲƳһǡ
ƾٶķٶľΣͳͳ֮
ҶԣȷһѵеĻᣬܹʶһɸ˵ֶΣɲÿʱÿ̶еġ
ݵһ֣߳ɫ𵴼䣬ɫգ鲼ҶȴƮɲУ˷Ϯĺƿˡ
ΧƲ㾡鿪Ȼ˿κβҶֶΡ
ݵеֶξ֮£ȻòҶɱ˸æңвЩˡȻòҶСвɵɱ
ɫ֮УԼлɫĻƣһ֮£վһֺաı֮
ħԸ򡣡
һīɫĹһİɫĻ棬׺羪죬Ϯգﴫħѹڻвͣĥֻ澶ֱؾͳҶٵϮ𵴣ΧħȵӰռٷš
ֻһ֮£Ҷ˴ڷħ׸סˣֻɫĴ֮Уӿױڶּħİ˻񶾵ͷʼΧҶȫƴʴ磬˼񶾵䡣
һʱҶѾû׳֮У˹˵һ͡
ϧϧˣԸСӵķû˶ˣ˷ʵЩɱţݵϧؿڻĴм޾͵׻Ŷף֮Χձľѡ
Ҹ룬Ӧֶ˰ɡ
ڷ׻֮УȻҶһ쳤Ц
ֻҶɢһȦɫĹ⻪ˮ⣬ƾΧħͷ׷ӵϣֻҪԾͱһ°׵ĺڻ˸ɸɾ


513 ߹
īɫƻ֮УȻɳһϯգ֮ڷħ׾ľâڻ˸ɾˣȻ֮£Ѿ޾תɫᰣĶС̧һգסīɫĻ
īɫĻ򽥽Ũɫ»ԭһ׹ӣҶɵľ֮ҳײ
ݵĿɿڴؿҶûмʶɸ֣־ȻӸ߹ȼеķѹƣƾԼߵķһл𱬡
ҲһƷˣҲзڣǿƾγײ޷װҶֻ֣ܱ֮һһѹľ⣬һը˿
ҵķݵһ͵³һѪеܣôܻᡭ
ƮƮҶ֮Уһ΢Ʈ裬ĺݵӶ͹ˡ
ô᣿̫͹ңҲ̫߹㡣Ҷصöħ顣
Ҷ漴ҲٺЦһȻ̧һһҵض꿦ֻľֽڽ˿
ݵɫ䣬ŵؿҶģʲôֶΣ
ɱֶΣ
ҶȻһԾһĽƥƿռ˵϶Ϊһ֮£ˮɫĵһ㣬һֱǰ
ݵ˴ʧɫ˫ֽ֮£һȦһȦĺɫɰ֮У֡
֮ĿռȻըѳŵĻǣм˲ٵķ䡣µ̻
Ҷ˲Ϣ֮ǧ򵶣Ѿذλɴֵλ⣬ת˲嵽ǰһƻһ⣬ؿϡ
飡ģλζһ£Ҷһȭȫ塣
һȭ֮в̲ر̲صȴǳͷβͬ
Ҷȭһֹһ˱ˣλѾƵĺݵߵĵڣȻȻһѾȫˡ
վԭأҶֵͷԼȭλá
һȭӡԼؿڣźڰ׶ϸ΢ĽɫɫĹȭͷΪԴأʼɢ˷ֻת֮䣬ݵ˵ͨ±һѸ͸ͬȴǺȻоԼ˼άת鶯ԱûˣеķȻ͸Ȼͬ˸ɾ
Ҷɫ䣬ָ΢΢һԲӵȭӡŤתݵ˵ȻֻƬ̵ĹѾͶһԲ״
㡭㵽סЩʲôݵĵ˳ضѾ׽Ӳ˵ͷתͷҶʡ
ûʲôֻһ㲻ϲ顣Ҷָ˸ŵĽ⣬ţʵ޳Բ֮ѾλԹˣλ֣Ȼоһһ߹
˵ҶɫѾ׵ָش궯
һҪл㣬Ҫ֪ҽɱҲմȾҵ
ҶЦһָ΢΢תλݵ漴;ֵطˣԼеķȻһһسҶָ֮ӿȥͲʹˣʱͷ˾ֵĴ

һѲ죬ظкȻѿһӣһߵӰȻѿзɳ沼ߵķּޱߺƴԪ
Щķͼÿһķ涼̲ص
һʹഫݵ̲סҽ
ֱӲԼڵķͬϵķҲ˿Ź
ݵΪֹ𾪵ǣԼ徹Ȼ޷סˡ
ҶüĴֵһֻۣ֮סԪ
ҶЦֳһˣλٴһһɵķڣҶķӲس˳ٴԼ֮ˡ
Ҷһһسȡ˳
ݵ˻񱻰ϵķһ㣬ɶ׸زҺ
ҶϽɫⲨһѾԼ֮Уţһظ˳
ܹоŰٶвǧɷͳͳҶسȡ˳ˡ
ݵϵĹȦʼһһر󻯳ɸɱʬģˣһƤҲƵ棬Ͷ˼񶾵ɫˡ
λɷĲҽҶָһؾôȻ漴ӵԴ
ıȴӰһƥ⣬к֮ˡ
Ҷתͷڿеתݵ漴ĬȻ
ģϻƣΪսңʳʧĬػش
ݵڵ෨Ѿˣ˵ѾʧȥȫüֵˣϾҲǾʮĴǿƥ˵ǲɶƷϡ
һͷ­ðɣһϵҵأʱҵķɳһ˵ܹȡһЩҲ˵ҶֻǷ˷ۣ漴ݺݵؽԼĿռ֮С
ݵ׼֮ݵ˻ŲлԪأԶŭѣҶ漴ֶһļ䣬ļе֪ݵˣ˲ٵȱ£ɳ֮жѾ䲼˶ͣɽشʵݲˣ֮£ֻܾܵɽıԵشûǮ⣬һƫƫҶˣҲֻ˵컯Ūˡ
ݵ˵оŰٶд󲿷ֶǱȽҲӣȻݵɱԽģʿӶɷ򣬿ϧûбµڵ෨򣬳Ϊɡ
һһɵķسȡ˳Ȼ󳹵Ҷ֮Уʹڵ෨ø͸תɵ
ЩñǾӣеľ޳޹ܹմǧеķɳ֮ģ粻壬ݵ˵ĵбɱΣԼˣ޷վ㲻˸ɵ³ҲӲħҵ֮׹֮ࡣ
ҶС֮³һŹһȼһ㣬£ɷѾµıļյȫʣɹȵɳʣֻг֮еɷ֮ļϵڷȫ磬ٳ׵ķֻ򾧹֮С
ҶõЩʱĿǽЩ۷̬Ȼг׵Լ֮ϣɾΪԼķ
޽ٽߵߵľ磬ȻѰϢһ޶ҶԼҲоЩ˼顣


514 ټ
Ҵ֮طغ󣬾׼أ׽ЩҵɺҵͺʷҲԼĽƽˡҶ漴Ͱ¶˾ģҵ޽ٽܹһˡ
Щת֮Ҷ漴ͽЩȻתڵ෨סˣǸɵϢʩʩȻس֮ȥˡ
Խɽʹ֮ҶǰһƬء
ǰѾۼ˺ܶɸˣлвٵɸˣеһλЦеĵߣȻݳ
Ҷϵѷ֮Ѿۼ˸߸߰ǧʿΪ׵ʿѾɸˣΪ׵һ˺Ȼݳˡ
ݳɫ̹ȻҶʱ¶һ˿ֵɫˡ
ȻҶϲԻʱȴݲ˽ȻĻͻǣŮǡ
Ҷһ̤漴վ˵ޣȵգֵҶĳŮǣλͣݳ𡣡
ݳ΢΢ʾ⡣
ŮǣŮôߺߣǹԽˡΪ׵һλѩ׵ķһӣ漴üͷһ壬ޱصôһˣŮûô
֮ǲá
ҶصŮķҲŮǵĵˣһж
ŶŮǵĵˣ
ȻܡҶһЦʵܹΪʸѵôŮǸովһѣڼưܣʿˣǳݳѵô
ҶЩԼɸ˷ʱãȴ²͸ҶǺε·Ҳûбֳã۲΢ԱߵڶҲݳҲɵ¶һ˿֮ɫ
ȻҶıԸңݳȴ֪ģҶǿ֮صǷĻɽ֮գ֮Բһ³çĽɫȻҿڣʹѾʮʮİպͿɽˡ
ڳһʶҶҲЩ̫ŮȻСŮȴɽ֮һһĴŮʻȻҶժˣȷɲһЩ˲ʼˡ
ɽ֮кܶ鶼ǿģ˵Լò࣬׾ٵɷܹ˵Ψʡ
ȺһȻ䳰ȷصҶֲһƤ࣬ҲһֶֺΣ֪ʲô׸Ůأ
һҶ־ǸСǰӦŮװɣ
ֻһ׶ѣԲѵԳŮˣ
һͷڣԱ߼ʿͬʱ׷׷˵Ļȴزǽˡ
Ҷ治ɫ۾תɫŵ꣬еĶʼ֮ɫĴǲɵطһĨЦˣ·ڿһȺϡ
ã㿪ڿãҲأ㻹ˣܺãΪԼŸ۰ɡ
λ֡ҶʵôҲŮˣôոλʲôŽ
ȻʵˣΪ׵Ц
˹Ц֮£ЦˣҶ漴ֻǵһЦȻһҡΣתۼͻӰ漴ͷٵǰֱָץָץֱš
Ŷʵô⻹򵥣
״ӦҲ漴һ֣һƷǰشзɳҶǰһᣬ漴һ״ĵһսΧ
һȵҶײ˹֮мһɹۻ롢ƴ󡢼̡Ӳȵȸо˸оƼ᲻ɴݣ޷ݻһ㡣
ȻѾ˲ٵķϵķͨȻɱˣٶһЩȴܹɱ
ҶſײĶƣȻЦһȻָΪȭ漴ԼұһǰɫĹ⻪漴һƵıȣһȭ׺Хʵʵӡ档
һȭõǼ͵ϸںһȭ֮Уͬʱ汬˳ˡ
꣡ϸ˿΢ͨͬʱ棬µļһ㣬·һ㣬Ҷһȭ˳ŤһһӰɣ˿֨֨
鷢˼ŭ漴ͱӿľ𣬽ŶȻ˵Ѻˡ
ڳ˶ˣ˭û뵽ҶȻԼȭͷӲƷһȭܹ飡ε鶼˿
ʧɫŵؿҶеܣôزģ
ܣܵ黹ںأ֪СӣҶһе֮£漴ͺٺЦȫҵعĵٺһҿ
飡Ƶ漴ͱһȭ𱬶촷ۡ
ҶСѣ飡ݳȵ
䣬û귴ӦҶѾƽǰŵûӦҶ漴̧һӡžžļĶ⣬ֱڵأͷת
Ҷ֮漴Цһû˵ֽһҡڿлɾӰٴηԭأ·ûгִһ㣬ֻǴϵӡȴɼβסӡ澹ȻѺۣ·شĲһ㡣
ԱɫȻ
ƾܹ˶ʸ񹻲ˣҶĦԼƣٺЦ
ڳ޲¶˺Ȼ֮ɫȻֵƾһȭܹһƷ𱬣ɸ˶δܹİСӵǺˣ
㡭ȻҴҶ⣿ãܺã˭ҲȲ㣡ŻŭӣҧĿֱ֨֨졣
̧һӣеһƷɢǧҲ͵غ˹
㻹ҪôִȥؿɾͲǶˣ֡
ҶŸ첲ɫؿϮɫ˿
Ա漴ˢһ׹һ˿˿ѹסƷ
Խ˺Ҷһۣ˷´սڼαԼڧͽȻöЩǿЦ
޺޵صҶһۣһϴƤը˷ΣʵȴҶ޿κΣԽôһ֮£Ҳֻܾ¿ˡ
ߡҶɫʮֵƽֶֻغһû漴վԭزͦһ˱ǹ
Խб۴һз漴΢΢һ˦赭дصƾɵʵѾ㹻ԳŮĳˡ


515 ٵ
ԽƳҶһ۵ɲСӵ游һλɸˡ
֮о֮⡣
ߣɸˣҲ㲻ʲôҶ赭дḧֱϵİ׹Ǳۼףںص
ԱݳһӹȻǺǡ
Խ۹һ漴ϵĹתȭ棬ȴǾþûȻɫһ䡣
Ϳ˵ĹϵǳˡԽɱҶ˹صѹ˲Ƿˡ
Ҷ۾ԴԱߣԱߵڶɫҲмʿʵˡ
Сӣ˵ɣͿٵǺιϵ
ٵˣҶ漴̧֮̽Уһ֮һڸݣŵٵ׼ʵ˵ô
˿Ҷһ㾾˿ٵ˵ͷ­ʱһ󷢺ʱģԽ˲ŵؿҶŵ׼üԶƺԹ֮
Խ˵һĨ𾪵ɫԭְסʿҲ漴˻ȥ
ٵĿҶвͣ쳣ĺ׼ѾҶסҲֻǿԹͣſɫѣȴ˿á
Ҷָһӣٵ˵ķӡʱͱˡ
ϼһ벻ɽ绹ôĴ󲿷˶ʶأֻԵƺ̫áҶеħԴϧƫƫ겻ôƫƫײأ˵ҵֵأ
ٵ̣׵سС˶ԴϷŷ֮ССܹϷһëϷ½үү
ҶԴЦҸˣԴҸˣܻʲôʵʵĴŰɣ˵үեļֵ֮һͰѡ
Խˣٵ׼ͼΣҶʵ
Խ˲ҵˣϾǱɵʦҲôĿٵԴˣһҶѣ˵׼ֵǮģǵĳ˰ʮһƷ³ʮöƷ𵤣Ҷѣʱ׼ǰȥͺˡ
⵹Ǹ⡣Ҷѿٵ˵ൽԼǰЦ벻㻹ܶãһҾʹȥȡˡ
Ƥŭ̧һӣͽ׼֮ƾζŭ޷Ӧ
Ҷٵ׼֮󣬹Խ˺ݳ޲ųĬ
ܹɱôһλɣʵͬ׻ɱЩɡ
Ѿû˵СҶŮķˡ
ݳζû뵽ҶȻ޳˴˵е޽ٽ
ΪҶոõȫ⸱ս׵ãԼʵȫӣΪؼɵ
СĻ֪жٵͨûʹóոһǶû׿Ҷͨ
ҲСӵı»ʲô˳ݳʮ֪ҶĵϸģһǺ͹ԽĲϵģҲȥҴҶĵϸˡ
˵ˣݳҲҶĵ̣ûиһеʱҲǲԴġ
һ˵ͷƬ֮ȥ
֮һɫԼħŮͯͯŮӰЩǵмñɵģԩ궼λɱʿɣ˺ݶ䣬Щܹʿǻձʩչǰֶ֡
Ҷһɫȣֻ۾ҲƵıʯ澧֮£ͷɫħȶʱһסһ͵Ĺâɨͷɫħȫķˡ͡ϵʱɢȥһʿӰʿ漴мҶһ֮תͷ⡣
ʿǰѾǻ춴ΪˣԪ֮ѾӵӣֻҪסԪɽǧܹ꣬»ָˡ
̫࣬һҶ漴ʵ
ʿ漴˵ͷ
ãȻϰǣд󹦵£֮һԭҲ㼸Ŀ๦ˡ
ʿԪϲ漴˵ͷ漴ָָԶЩƮ꣬ʾҶҲѡ
û⣡Ҷ˵ͷ
ɫ֮ħ񿴵ǰһĻ֮󣬶ֽ׷׶ҶҶбɫһˢ֮£ˢϵ漴ɳ⣬Ѱһؿʼ»ָᡣ
ѾɻˣΧɫʧȥ˾ۼ㣬ʼ˷ɢ˿
ҶָһһŽӲӵӰ˳ȸԪ棬ϸϸҵ󡣡
ʿԪһ棬Ӧףʱϲлִ
ĲļвͻУʿԪ꣬ڴ󲿷ֵĽƶָơ
Χ㶼ǸߴɵĲľһ֮£ǸͷĸߴЩľΧŴȫǴһ㣬پĴִӲݿҶȴһЩɡ
֮кҶﴫǸʿˣСһЩƬ֮λӣовٵĽСǧ֮Уʱضܹ͵ϮˣֵĵһߡǴˡ
ҶȻеıȣһ֣ΧгСǧӰʮӲӵĹǱСǧ֮С
ɫĹ򼷢֨֨һȰչȻڿһವһ£һߣСǧ֮з˳˲ͳ嵽ҶĲϾҪҧһڣ漴ͱҶָһԵһͻһۡɢС
Ա߹Խзȴ͵һ˦˿֮Уͽʮسȡץ˳漴ȻţЩ򼾡ˡ
ЩרѱͬСɣǼһͬҲһƷˣԽ˵ȻŹ
Ƭ֮öµĸֻ˷ָɸУҲԻᱻشģԴҶġ
ʿ֮£ĲϰƳ˿в֮ɺҶĲǣҲɵΪ֮̾ѡ
ڳȴѾƬ޺Ŀռ֮УӦգ쳣ǿĴš
þܹԻҵȣ
ݳƳҶһۣ漴һָͬʱ˹ȥ


516 ׻ħ
ݳһ־͵ĴУЩɫƲۣһصɲǣչֳ͵
ֻһը죬ɽӿѣˣվըѣ¶еһŻˣ¶Ϣ֮ˡ
Ż֮У˼ŭǿħϢ˳һһħӰ˸˲Ϣ֮ͷ棬ǰһ˵ȣһ
һҶסеĺȾͼеɲ񵶣һӣһɫĹմ֯ضڳе׳סȻؾôˡ
ѩĵ棬ɢĹĿռ䷨֮һ־գΧڶʿ޲۲ѡ
ҶٳʱŮ׳Ĳϣʹ񵶴෨Ϊɲ֮ѾƷˣڳ˭޷⡣
ڳ֮Ϊߵλͬʱ˸һֱ֣¡һͽΧɢ˿˿ƣ˿
֮شǱǰһ׺еҲ౻˱ꡣ
¶ǰһƬħеĵΧǺɫǳ̲л˲๾˵̶ֳֺʱؿɼΧɭɭ׹Ǻɭɭһ֮أһɱڵɱ
еǸʿɵؿЦǸ˵֣ҵֻǵͣҲвٵǧǧҪС¡
סҶ˵ͷ
Щ֮кȻĺڳཬһͷͷħִһԾһͷ󡣬ݺݵؿڳˡ
ɣЩҲƵħּһٺཬڳҵ˹Щཬڵžػ˹
Χڶ޵ʿоЩ֮мӵĳŻϢʱɫ󾪣æ׷׼˷ЩŻĶࡣ
һȺĶҶûôõ飬ԴɨǰѩȻ̧һָͷȾͱշĶħִӿз˹һ˫֫˫ȲڵϣɹֽЩ̶еħһ֮£ܵظо˲תܣΪʱ
ͷҶжʱ򣬲֮㻯ġ
ͷָһأſھ³һɫħƹ⣬һɢ漴ȳ˿Щ̶ħ־סˣȻһ֮£Ϊһųõˡ
ҶһУкȻһ⣬͹׾ɲȻ֮УߣֺԼ¹˸תʱٵһ㡣
ɣһͷ׳ᳯҶ˹ٶȿ磬Ҷ漴һӻɵ³ĵȻ漴һͽնԴˡ
ڳеȻҲڳֶԸЩħͬעҶ½ֵϡȻҪסͨʽҪԸҲиֶΡ
ǼͲҶеֶζʹźá
ҶͬҲɵʽȥֻʹһѣ⵶쳣ľף仯Ī⣬ʩչһУؽеЩ׳ɱ
Խ̧һ֮£Ʒ˱鲼صɫ˿ߣһ㣬֮Щ׳˸ţεعУȻ£ˡ
¡¡
ԶȻһžһɫˮĵ˹
Ϣȴ͵˼㡣
Խݳһͬʱ̧һӣ⼤䣬ͬʱɫ
꣡ƣգ״ϸž죬漴ҵܣЩΪǳʿæֵʿֵʱ漴ͱһը촷ۣԪǶû
׺ݵףΧĿġ޲ͷҶȴ˿
ɲǹնҶеɲ񵶻һȻһųִСɫΣһմǧһ㣬ɢĵâΧ׾ȿˣ⻯һִƥ⣬ͷ׳ȥ
ͷͷĿһ֮£Ȼ֮ʧˣһȴҶı˫絶һ㳯͵˹ȥϵ˼㡣
ͷȻҲǾͨռ䷨֮£Ϭȴ֣֮ʱʱسץ͵ϮѲ
Ҷ͵һ٣漴ֻǱһ𣬻һ죬𱬳˵Ѻ
Ҷֻ̧ӳһ֮£ռ˲ͱҳһƬݺ
ͷ͵ʱռ֮׵Ľסˣ֮еһֻһ㡣
ȥҶתһնͷնΡ
ͬʱڵľɫȻ䣬һʵĿռѺ۳˵ǰˡ
ЩʿȻ
𣡡кȻһһħӰƣһ˻ħ̧̤˿ռѷվС
ħ˫Ŀһͷ෢𣬳ħ֣ħȴһֻԵĻףϰ˰쵻ƣӨף񴺴Уȴһֻ׳Ļצ
ͷħһ˫ɨһȻһ֮£˵һκȻ˲˲Ϣ֮Ȼǰ
ÿ죡Ҷ΢΢ľͷħֵٶȾȻ쵽޷ĵزΧĿռ谭֮Ϊ
ȻͷħߵҲǴ֤·ӣ
һַĻצ˺֮£ѷ磬Ϊ׵ļΪʿҽһ漴ͱѳ߰ʮ顣
⼸ʿزҽ˺ѵ˿֮ȴǸһɫ޷׵Ļָ
ͷħֵһ˫צ渽ǿ⼸ʿϣȻʹ֮޷ָ
İ׻ħ񡣡Խ漴̧һ֮£е˳ȥǧ˿ƶͷ׻ħȴ˿壬ַĻצһӣΧ˿Ȼһ˫צ͸׷ױ˿
ͷħȴǵһȭҶҵغ˹ȭ֮ϸСĵ֮еĿռȴԼԼر˺ѿˡ
飡ҶҪͷ׻ħʵ漴̧һȭӭͷħֵĻȭ
䣡һһ˫ȭҽ֮εĿռ֮УʱǿҵĽ֮һҵεĳ𵴵ΧһҵĲ


517 ǿŲ
ԶɽʯҲɽʱĳ˿
һҶоһȭȻԼȭԼ֮ȴҲѺۣɵһͷĹһȭ֮Ȼ˵׺
֤ڰɾ͵ֵز֮κͨ޷ģ
Ҷһߺͷħؽ֣һ¼ٵ˼֤Ĺؼ
֮Լһϵȼ
ͷħǵʱֻƾ豾ܲϵشĥԼ֮Ҳֻƾսܼӳַͼӳֽ֮ܵ󣬽ԼĻһһؽ׳ΪųΪɡ
˵󲿷ڳʱ򣬾Ȼ޽ٽ֮йϡ
Ȼǹƽģ֤Ȼʼʱʮּѣ׵ؾ֮ȴǼ޵ˡ
ͷħˣȻҲɵΪȴƾԼĪһɵȭͳ뻯ľӲλɶ񲻵ˡݺ۳ңƵ磬ȥ硣
ȭͷٴཻһһŽƵľȻȭͷ֮ˣΧз·ܲɾ˲ɰʯľ
𣡡ͷĹﱻ𵴵ĵɶʮɣҲ𾪲ѡ
漴ս֮£ǴһһŽɫ磬˹ȭӰӰҵ磬Χվˡ
Ҷֻ밮ֳ̧еһ趯ͷħֶ񶷳һţȻҲӵзǳ֮ȴԸ׵ʩչֻƾζݶѡ
ģ·Ųͥһ㣬ΧţڶʿǳԵĶԱȡ
ҶûʲôȺ˰æ޵֮ʲôȱǲȱǣοǼոջҶþǣԽҲ׵ĵҪҶҲ׼ղء
ڳ˶Ҷ·磬ҲʩչԮֻ֣ǸΪսӿһţòɿ
ͷħȻ͵ǻǱȲҶǺͷħ񶷣ȴصʽȴǴΪ˲٣ô
һͻƵɾ磬ôΪϾѾ峹׳ƽˣ֤ķ棬ͷħߵľ֤·ӣȭȭ֮¶ܹǳյϾѰķͰȭͷƾͨ˷򣬻ߵҲãͳͳ֮һ֮̾˿˺ķֺ
ɵ·Ȼѣǳɾ֮ɱȴ쳣ĿֲټѸȣȭܷǳѾʤ˾ƷһˣʵֲҲҶɵһ㡣
֤·Ӷרڿָ֮㴫ڵרĥǿȣֱԼǿͨ˺ĵز֮ϵľ֤·ӡ
֤ʱʮֵļѣǰĿϰͳͳҪƣǴȴʮֹƽģ֤ߵ˺߾֮ǿȥ磬ܹգƾΪٸҲܵС
˵Ҷ޽ٽ֤߾֡
ѹ徹ȻôѲ˼㣬ǧһֱħڷͥ񣬾Դԭڴˡ
ɣֳһѺһħɱ˳ֳּ׶ڴ滷ƣ֮䣬¡¡͹Խ˶񶷳һš
һֻħҲɱ˳һλ۷ĵ˶񶷳һţֱɱѽѷ֡
Ҷһ˺ͷħ񶷣ʿҲԶһʵֲɣֱֱضһš
ڳ˼ҶȻܺͷʵֲĻħ񶷵ò£жʱ棬ǴʱҲ̽ĺʱֻȥˡ
ҶٻӵֵסͷħĹ漴ڳڹתһŻ˳
֮м˴̱иȵܹͨ׵ضһǵģǷ
𣡡ͷħ͵һƤͼڻƣˣȻһϱڣȻסҶıļʴ
ҶһܹǵĻȻֻըһǳǳĿӰѡ
սҶвɵشʧɫͷħҲͰˣǾȻҲ˵
ϵҲѰ۶֮Ȼ޷͸ը
ǿǿأѾ׵ĸ˴󲿷ֵĵѾչֳ֤ˡ
Ҷһۻҵغͷħ񶷷һ߿ʼѡغˡ
ƣһƽȻԶɾĺ޾ײɱ
жȻһߴɵӰ֮ݵؼ䡣
𣡻ħһȭҶı֮󣬺Ȼĺ漴һһߵİ׹⣬һ֮£תͳ˻ȥ
Ҷ漴תǿմŲƵͨͨԭǵԸ弯ȺʱûʲôǿɱԣΪ˵ֶָѡ
жȻ޴ͨһ˶춴нΧ޳ˮû˸ɾ귽򣬶͵һ˵֮С
Ƭ֮вˮݣȻϯ٣ǶЩħ˵ȴѾȫ㹻õˡ
״Źֹ޴⴦ն֮бйբĺˮһ㣬һɫ޳žͳҶҵس
ڳ˶üͷǲɱ¾ȴԸеɱ¾֮ĺЩ޳֮ӿƷײ̫ߣΨһԳɵľ𣬶ȺɱһֻҲûʲôϵɱ̫˾ɱҵˡ
ΪǸߣǾǶҵһ˽ˣҵֲ֮ЩζԸմȾġ
޳ˮӿҶ̧һָ֮£кȻһƻ춴ĺڰˣƥ֮һӾͽˮ޸һƬްű˽ȥö
ҶΪ˶Ը֮רŶһЩ춴Ų֮ڳ׵óˡ
ĺڶҵ֮£ִһ㣬ͣУһ㱻ϯӿسֱɶȥת֮ǰͱ׵һƬ
ҶɱϾЩֻѭűʳѣΪԵʾͽϾɱδЩ˵һʼʹǬЩС御Ͷ֮УˣҪлʱƻҲѾ׵͸ˡ


518 ɱ
Ⱥ޻᲻ɱɣͲҶܹĵ˵ˣϾܹزѾǷǳĲˣԣҶֵٶȺܿ죬֮еټĿնƺҪɺķˡ
ͷŶȺȺȺĿռɰ
Щ֮չϴϴؼ˯ȥҲҶţһתٴΧ֮
ַЩʿǵĹ£մȾҵøҵ³
ΪǸߣԵֶ̣Ҳǧٹ֣˸оЩͷԣеĽȴһ㶼λãʧ߲ڵҲøҵ³ˡ
ħȴǼһɽ״ķҶ͵Ͷ˹ɽתţһصľ磬ȻնܹƣʵƥΪ֮
Ҷ̧һץгһټƥĺڰ̣ͬ޻һ㣬Ҷ׾ٵ
ⲻƫƧǿУȺϢٵȺΪûʳԹ׷׿ʼɱ
ҶǿմŲƣͶѣûй̶λá
ǰƺ֮УԼһĿռѷ졣ﴫХˡ
벻㻹ֶΡݳȻɵߣ΢΢Ц
Ҷһ񣺡ˣǵһСֶζѣȽȥ
Ա߼ӵѾռѷ֮С
ݳ𷢳һɷסҶ㲻̫ˣΣ϶Σա
Ҷת۾ǰݳ𣬵ݳƺҪٿɫˣҲóʦųļѵҡ
ΪϴݳûٵΪʵҶоȵĲˬʼ¼ɣǲݳָʾȺԼġ
ֿԲǲڣҶûȷʵʱǾɫ
֮ܶҶѾЩݳҲȥ
ȻҪˣҶʵϲ㣬֮еЩ洫Ҳˣ֮ЩӦеȥˡݳǺε֪ΪϴεҶеĽ٣Ҷȴ˿Ϊ裬ֻ΢΢һЦҶ͹ĴǱʹĵӲܹΪ£ʵʧ
ͷնǲġҶıǿ֮УҲ²Ĳ϶Ĵǡݳʱ͸֮صˣ˵˵ĶԲԣ
֪ߣݳҲǺǣ˼ܹͺãҲͲٶ˵һЩʲôˡҶɫ䡣
ɾ޽ٽ֮ҶʵǣѾҪٿκ˵ɫˣȻҲݳ
ҶȴϣԼ޽ٽϢȥ
Ҳ׵ǣ˴Χ޳ŮΪʲôҲС
ݳ𿪿ڵŮ޵֮ʮŮ֮һȻǺܶ࣬ǸԻɳǵȴռȡ
Ҷ˵Ǹۣü޵֮Ů٣ҪԼòһЩҲ̫ѵ飬ɾ֮󼴿òô˸ˣ
ݳЦҶֶȻţǶ޵֮в˽Ⱑòɽˣ֮ĿΪ壬ഫϴŮϲʳñмǿķʹ³壬ʵŮһвϴ֮ԹŮǣʵĿľΪ³ѣҶֶ׵ģǼ˺ô֣϶㶯ֵġ
ҶɱһһɲϷȻȻЦñڶ⣬һ֪ʲôں
ۼһڣɵΪҶСӾǱڸ軵ģʲôҪıԣ˵ҪԼԸˡ
Ҷصûйϵȱɷء
ݳüͷ΢΢ȻǺҶӴãͿҶֲ֪ߵغĿ֮ͽģ֮û˿ſ֮⣬һ˿ţʱЩ֡
漴ҡҡͷҶֶСˡ
ҶҲν̽ˡ
ݳ΢Цϵƺ٣̫©ˣҪ硣
Ǻǣ¶Լʵֻ¸СŮˡҶĵػӶÿһеĹǽڱޣĻҸ֮ء
ݳ΢΢ӿһɺ⣬漴̾ϢҡҡͷȻ˵ĺȻд뷨ٶ˵ʲôҲˡ
ݳЦҡҡͷ
⼸ͷôûҶֵؿѷ죬гһ֮£תͳռѷ֮С
ռѷȴһء
ɽ֮УԼоӨϪˮʶһɽ֮
Ƕ䣬Ƕħƹ⣬ӾŸԴͷ֮緢˳
Щħ֮Уһţһ΢΢ţһɹǿƥɱ¾֮ӿ
ʱֻȭһţټӭ籩֮£֮һƬ֮󣬴ִĺɫƹ漴һƣҶȫ͸˹
ߣҶɲһ֮£ΧĺƱѩĵ˲٣漴ӿ˹֮гӰƮЦ̶ı̻ױ˹
Ҷ漴̧һ𣬶ĵо漴ͻ˷ԲĶСһɫ𣬽ΧʴһټĿն˿ֱֳַ趯ɲ񵶣趯ݣ漴ͻһ⣬ƻת֮м㱣֮½Լֵʵʵ
ɣҶͷ϶ȻɳһſѪڣһ춴ӰΧħƾ˸ɾԼĳˡ
ৣҶеһʱԴͷˣΧħƹ⾡˿¶ա
ɣһХ֮һҶеĵ⽻һ
Ҷ֮б߽⣬һһ㣬ҫĳ漴еһ˵ؾôһͨ漱ٷ˳ȥˡ
ţһ˫ɫģƺ̲޾֮ӿ񱩡
Ҷüͷ΢΢һƺѾ׽˫ͫˡ
žԼʶ֮дҵĳҶɫɲֻ֮Ц
ҶܳܵסСС˫ͫþҶȻЦһ˫ͫ
Ҷ˫ͫȻһ䣬˺ڰ׶ɫת˺Ȼеһ΢΢ѣУԼĽŲʼ΢΢
кȻǿҵĵâѽΧ˶ˡ


519 ֮ȭ
λĲһͨڵ֮ͨе״
ν״ֱΪһþֱڶֵԪϵֻҪ׻ͫסԲĵͻᱻ׻þ׳鱬
ѰħȻ֮״һȣֱ͵СͳʳĴȡ
𱾾ó޵ͨ꣬Ѿͨڣϣľء
״ҪҶԪδ̫һЩ
Ҷִһ򵥲Ļ򣬳˹ȥ
ŻСȴһ㣬֮ռ価ճ˿
ɣԲӲҶһǻ򣬺ȻһֽУ֮дı죬ѶѺ֮Уˮһ͸˳һƬĴִգ𵴵졣
һ֮£תۼûɱ¾֮УʧӰ١
ҶһΧɱ¾֮һᷳ
Щɱ¾֮ʵᣬҶͷŶκοΧ֮ЩΧɱ¾֮һӵϣɵĸɸɾ
˵ɱ¾֮õƾٸĿ֮޷͸С
̫ҶкȻɳһŽҽӵ̫Σһ¾͹סɱ¾֮ҵѹ˽ȥˡ
̫ܵľҴ̼֮£һɱ¾ԴȻƾŤתתۼ仯һ׹׵ӣ˫ĿѪ죬ϲ˼̣ɱڡ
׹׵Сλúڰ׹תһ֮£漴ſѪڣſ
ӿ糱ˮɱ¾֮һԴԴ׹׵Ӹ˸ɾһƬյء
Χؽ
Ҷʱһ̧һָ֮£׹׵Ѿһǰɫףȫʵʵˣƾɱ¾֮Ҳ޷׵壬̫֮ˣؾаɷɱͳͳܹ㻯֮˾飬Ȼֱ͸Լˡ
һСȻܹƹ⣬ãܺãվͽһУ޻
֮УһɫĹ⻡ƿշ˳ޱߵѹҶҵѹ˹
һɫĹ⻡ȴһֻȭͷ
顱һ죬ҶӲһ޻䣬ֻǧΡ
ֻɫȭͷٿȻҶĵأһȭϡ
Ҷһ£ûѪֻ֮д˿꿦ˣɿЦҡҡͷԼ˾֮󣬽֮ϸ΢ӣֹÿһϸ΢ĻһĿռ䣬СһģȻܵǿĴ֮£ҲֻѺۣ泤ԸᵣѪ֮ݡ
ʱҶڵĽֻǴǾʱ֮ѾתΪɷеףҶд߷ȻȻؾܹΧԼĽн
ת䣬ڵɷԴԴƴޱߣ˾ڲ֮ˡ
ৣҶתƵ磬˵˼ɨķ֮£ӿĵѽΧսƾ𱬴򿪣תһ֮£糸һ㣬ת
ȴ˿ҵλζ֮£۵糸һתۼͨط˳ȥ
֮֮УȴȻһߴĺӰһͷɫһ˫֮з·̲һڶһ㡣Ҫ˵궼ʳ˽ȥ
ߣȴվһɫŮ
޾ɫŮȴë׵ĴβͣշΪ졣
һڵģΪҪŹˣ
еҡҡͷ漴ҴģǸոСӽӴʱоɵ̫ϤңСӲ֪ʲôȫһֻҲδܹС
Ů۲һתȵصȻô
ҡҡͷ̾ɽ֮УϵλԴλ̫ʼ֮ԴӶ磬ҵСֻºλйϵ
Ůɫأ˵ͷԭˣӢ
΢΢ף漴Ͳˡ
Ҷ۵糸һ㣬ת˲֮Խ֮ң䵽һɽͷ档
ͣƹ֮ҶۣԼϸܵѺ类شһ㣬֮ЩĿġ
Ҷ漴һƤһ߲ĻȻ˳ķת֮䣬ЩѺ۵ĵطѾ⻪׵ֲת۾ûκεĺۼˡ
Լɾ޽ٽ֮򾧹ƾ͵ĹֻܹܹɱԼ֮ڵྭǼͣˡ
ڽԼʱҶͨʹԼڵྦྷӵ˼ʢྦྷԴԴࡣ
û˼ôɱҲûãԼѰҲܹȵϴαȥЩиӣ
ͨһ֮Ҷ漴ͲЩɱͨˡ
иֻͨǴɱҲеһ㣬ܹ
ķ֮ɢ˿ԴԴϵؾӿҶ漴ֽ˸߲ʺ⣬ء
Ҷɫָ糣漴£˵ɫңʡ
еתŵͣƮƮҶ֮С
˴νˣҶű漴ʵ
ϵԪ鵭иܵɱ¾֮Ĵ̼Ҳָһֵļ䡣
Ҷüʵֻһּ䣿
˵ˡ̾Ϣұɽ֮һ벽ԴͶӰΪ컯֮ɣǧǰѾʮݻ٣˼䲼İ֣ұһһ·أʵҲҸģ㲻Ҫֲǡ
ҶĬȻƬ̣漴Ц޷ұеľǴƴ֮ûûгɳҲΪ˸еΣ˵ˣڻʲôܹסҵ޽ٽأ
ôһ˵֮£ɫ
㱾ģҶʵ
ұΪλ˶䣿̲һܣػ֮ͥȫ׵侭ݻȭһȭֱӻбԴ˴컯֮ɣͥʲŻ˶ֽƬӶ׵ˣͥʲû뵽ҵı𵱳ȴһͶӰ½мֻͶӰ׵ĳɳԴȭͺȭͻˡ


520 廯
ԴȭͺȭϹͨҶһѾסĲӣŭ쵰ҳЩƨָ䣬ôͨ޴ʱΪʲô˵صĹİ
̾Ҳǲ˵λ춴ɵʵҲδָֻܻһһεػָѣȥĻһҵĶͷô죿˵ˣ㵱㲻Ҳ޵У
Ҷһŭ𣺡ԼѵܴźӵѾ˼ѹŵر㻹Ҳͷ¶βġģһЩӾˣ
㡭ȻҶĴ֣ЩЦãҪЩϹͨĻھ͸㡣
Ҳ٣ڵ޽ٽѾ޵ˣЩϹͨҶݺݰһһֱϲ顣
ĬڷǳҶ˵һû޽ٽ֤֣ЩϹͨҲ
ǰԼȲѣȴƤҪԼ˵ڼεжԼΣ֮УЩԵŵرֱԽһˣһЩҶġ
ﻹһͨ⣬ǱȽʺλµġ
˵֮꣬³һҶͷϡ
Ҷʶ֮жʱһӺƴķ̲ķͷ򣬵תš
ԺٸˡҶݺݵһۡ
һٽţ쬵һ¾ʹ˿ռѷ죬ֱӷɵȥˡ
ոճ棬ǰȻһƬѩϡһ˷ӭӴ˹һɾ޴Ŀռѹ˷ѹ˹
ҪԼˣǰɫ֮ҶһƺߣҶӵն˹Խ˺ݳһ֮ȫİ׹׷˿תۼ׵תһö裬Ҷչ˳
ݳоҶеɲ񵶣漴ˡ
λǰҶվУϼһ
ҶЩأԽ˼æʵ
ȫɱ¾֮Ҷö裬ɫĮȻǼѾزˣҪлöֻҲزˡ
Խɫʱ쳣ҰףԱߵݳȴǴߴһĨЦŸ첲һ²ؼ߸߹ģȻ⼸󱲵Ϊ⡣
ȻԽ˺ݳ֮ҲǿôǢˡ
ҶöЦվһԡ
ɫףȻз͵һ˦ҶǺξģոǲֺǣ
ֻҪɵϣܹˣԽǲһ˱ڹ
Ҷüͷ΢΢𣬵бָŭƨȻЩСոΪβԽȥЩСǰվ˵㻹ͷϿۺڹЩ˳սҪ㱳ڹ
Խɫ࣬أӲ㻹˭һʼ͸ҵСӷ˳ͻոճ͵Ϯ
䣬ǰһƬ˸ɲѾĲˡ
ٽһԡҶ΢΢ЦеָסԽˣϣ󣬵еëãҰѺڹͷϿۣҲڴ˵ء
вңԽŭʢ
ְѸոջظһ飡ҶеıһӾɢ˳ѩ
Խ΢΢һݣҶĻһˮ£ʱֹסĽ꣬Ҷ֮еɱҶܹɵó顣
ʵҲǼˣͶҽˣ֪ںڹҶģʮӵǲ޵ҵĵӣڴˣΪ׳ߺͷߣ᲻ϵˣ
֮նʱסˣҶɱŹԽˣжѾױʾˣԽһش𲻺ãζѪĽ
Աߵݳ˹ȰˣҶҵķϣҷģ֤û˵Ҹۺڹġ
ҲûӡҶЦһɲ񵶣һڡ
Խ˻ȥ֮ҲɨضѣĴѺڹ۵ͷϣ˵ã϶ҪڴˡݳĶܣЦҶСǳ޷죬ʲô鶼ܹɵó飬ҶҪɵ֣ԽˣԼ鷳
Խ̾Ϣһ漴ĬȻԭأˡ·һ˲䣬Ѿײʮһ㡣
Ҷֻ俴һۣһûټ֡
Ҷֶݳ˹
ʲô飿ҶбƳһۣʵ
ʱĻ㲻֮ȻҲǿɡݳ΢ЦҸ˻Ǻܻӭǰһģңõ˿ٵ˵׼õȥȡԼͲǣ˳㵽ͨתһת
˵еҶ漴һġ
ݳ֮Ҷ漴ͷصŮ֮ˡ
ʱ˿̵Ůʿ֮£Ѿָյķ徲ʿǸԼ⣬Ǵӡ
ʿڼҶ֮󣬷׷׶кµŮɳȻģСȴɽ֮гŮ˲ʻջǱҶժˡҶɱλɸ֮󣬾Ⱥߺ˸ɽֹʵȴЩʿҪʼҲʼɲˡ
Ҷ˴Χ޳Σû˰ɣ¾ϲĻ§ס
ûʲôֻǲ㱳һںѡҶ̾ЦһסС֡
漴ּ˹漴óģȻԼĸ֮ۡȥˡ
˴һ֮£Ҷ˲ٵħҪµ˫ͣһ˫֮еЩ֮Ҳ˸ɾ
˶ĥһ֮Żָǣһһ˴˴εľֱľս
˫޵ʱָƵ񼡷ɢİ㣬͸˼˲ĿʹҶ޽ٽҲѸ˶յƣ֮⣬һ֮ҶоԼȣ˵ͨˬ
Ȼ˵ЧҶаԱߺ˯е¡
Ҷһ漴
˴ΣˡҶ΢΢һ˴Χ޳ǰȥʿ롣ֵλҲˣһЩס
ǡǺã
ҽҪչһһͨҶ˼һ£漴ڵչڼ䣬һҪ˴ˡ
û⣬ҵԾԼΪһֱ㡣ÿԳô˻ᾫһᶮµӣûʲôֻ˳ص˵ͷ˳ӵشӦȻóԼҡ


521 ȡ
Ҷ֮л˾廯ɹķţϸĦһ֮󣬾ͽͨ˸˾Ųʮˡ
ҸҪǣͨµ忰ƾ䣬֮ͨҶ֮˫ޣԼ޽ٽϴħ
ɴ˿ɼҲƨģĵñĲá
Ҷǿƣ˵ܣƤҪˡ
µõ֮ͨʱͣؿʼ廯ɹ⣬ͨɱԵͨ˱Դ컯֮ȴıʮǶϣ¼ֱˮһ㣬չǧʱͽͨɣɾͨ
ҶĿģ¸мڼ繣ӭ꣬һʱҶЩˡ
һƬˮм˵̲֮סЩĿһƬ㡣
ҶĬԭأ֮еʵʵתۼͱڵĽ˸ɾÿһë֮жһϸϸ̵ΧʹԼĽȻؽš
һںɫĹⲨͷϳˣȻˢʹ϶һںԵĹⲨȻ漴ͳƽ
һһεشͷϿʼ治ϵ˿ҶаˬԼܹ֮Уһ֮£ƾ־ɣҲԵĻᱻױ
ҵܣڵĽ
Ҷвɵذˬʼת
Ҫ֪ͨҪκ׷ҪǿֻͨҪĽ֮УƾͨҲᱻһȭ𵴶΢״
աҶ˼˰Σǽһֱռ֮ת˿ռ֮ԼڵĽռ䡣
Ʋȥ˵̫Եֱ羡ҶʶкȻðôһ仰
ԼںеͨѾǽ޵ˣɱƵıͨϼƣ
ҶȻԼˣѾ޵еĽҪôɱʲôչۣǵ˲֮ұͨвѭܹ֮ƺеͨǰ㣬ܹϣ಻ֱ˵ɱ
޽ٽĳ̶ֳ˼ʱȽϵģҪܴ򣬸Ҫ֡
˰ɡҶҡҡͷԼһ޵ߣҪôɱʲôʧ޵ˣû壬ûκˡ
Ҷ˼漴վңңԶ

޴ɳѾԼǰˣųѹ۵ģһ׷ڵµľһ㣬ԴԴϵɳ֮С
ҶƮƮشӿ߽˳ſڡ
һһľһשһʯ޲еŲ໨ƣһۿȥһĿĸܡ
ƾ׼ķͽ֮ҲᱻеУɱȥ
һӶӵʿ߹룬žƷƳɵսףֳͬƷĵݣΪɱ
ֵ඼Ǳ̡ҩ̵̡ȵлвٷС̯ԪΪõĻҶѡ
ҶΪ֮ȵǣԱ߾ȻвٲٵЩɵΪҲѰ֮Ǽ亱ޣЩѾ޳
֮⣬ҶشиоǱɱƾɵΪҲС
Ҷڽֵι˼Ȧ֮ɳǵɸ֮Уһ͵Ű񡣿ٵ˵ֺȻ߸ϡ
̧ͳ˽ȥˡ
ͨһ¸֮Ҷ漴ͱӭ֮з裬ֻǴƬ̵Ĺһͷ׵ǰӭˡ
Ϭӥһۣص֣ɳǵܹܡ
؆£ȡ͵ġҶصȡһ
Ŷɫһ漴ʵԭˣδ֪ѽɱλ׼аͽ
ٵˡҶ˺ӣٵ˵׼˹ȥķѾҸȡ˸ɾҰ׼֤֤ǧŪˣһҪһȥȡͣһԴֵǮ
Ϊ׵߿һºĿٵˣȵؿҶһۣ·𿴵һһ㣬漴˫ֲر˿ٵأԽѵ׼ȥˡ
Ƭ֮漴˹Цеص׼ȷǿٵˣһ޶
Ͷҽпٵ˵׼һҪһվȡͣû⹤ĥҶкһ漴ص
߼Ƣ˲ãЦ֪ٵ˵Ǽҳһ֮ǳ֮⣬֮ӼȻɱҲõеı˶԰ɣӷģǳԲùӸоԿǡ
ҪˣǰɣϿʾҶоһָָӡ
ǧҪᡣ룬ɫٿԱߣѾΧĸסȥ·
ĸѾɵΪˣһվγˣȻĲ֮һӶӵΪʿѸΧ£˹
Ѿˣ˶ҵĶ֣ΪƾǼңҶеĲ豭ޱصƹ񣬳ڻ뷢֮ǰ⼸۵ĿŹҹĻҲ
ΧʿʱȻŭһɷݵؿ޲ýնɱ
ƹɫص֣Ѿܲˡ
ԱĸΧ˹ΧʿҲսеı
ǺãҾٲһˡҶһЦȻ̧ڵһ١ֻһϢز֮һ㡣
ںȻ΢΢ζһ£һҽΪģѺΧ
һεĿռҶΪģҵɢ˿֮Χʵʵɷѩһ㣬Χʿϴĵ޲˱֮һѿˡ
ڴʿǾʧˡ
ɵĹ̨Ϣػһ촷ۣ׷ˣʿϵƤһ㣬׷
ɫɷ׵˼㣬ŵؿҶ
ߺڶ𾪵ɫУҶ˹ҽţ˵ң̰ͼǼʲô֮ô
߾ŲؿҶڶȻһԽѲҪᣬ֮ɳشԲŻ˼ȣѲҪ֡


522 ɳԭ
ڷдһЦһӻ˹ЦؿҶһ˫ʹԵùããǻɱ˿˵ĸˣ
Ҷ䳰ȷصҪûмֱǮ˵ɱٵˣһЩèҪռˡ
㡭Ա߼Ȼŭ
ҡֹ˼΢΢Ц֣ٵа֮УҲʮߵĸ֣Ȼܹڵѵ£ʵǿɾ̾ҵЩ֮ˡ
ɳǴ֮ɲôҶصɳǵĳ
仰ʵ
졣
ȴ΢ЦѣܹӪôһɳǣ¶Ҫ˳ֶΣʱҲҪһЩùֶΣʹҲݳЩëЩڴˡ
˵һ
ԽҲҶزŲ豭ǣ̫ĻԪŵڸٰʮˣǧŪ˾ͺãȻƨ£Ǹɳ³̫Ҳܲ죬ﶯİ
ã֡ǳЦһϷȥλ˵׼͡
߶ʱʹ˸æЦ˵ļǣѷ˸Ȼ̰ͼʲô֮ˣС϶ȥ׼ѵͣٹӰ֣
⼸գҪĴתתһʤ羰ٵ˵׼ͽǴˡҶص֪ͺã˰ѿ˵׼һҪһվɳȥͣҪǸҰŪˣҲɳǣ
Ҷ˳̰ƣȴΧüͷ塣
Ѿɫˣһĭæ˿ҲҵҶˡ
ãѹȻǿ˿ǫ̃׿ˣ漴Цˣ⼸վ棬һзöɱ֧ʮ֮󣬵ѿɼ׼߾ˡ
⻹ࡣҶ˵ͷ
ţЦһƣ߳һɫɴµŮӣڱɴ¹װ֣˹ǵľݣв֮䣬˿˿͵ƺ˱ǿ֮Уֱ˹ڡ
ݼӡŮӸ°һ£۲תԱ߿ŵҶ
ԵЦλ˵ѣҪգҪ֮꣬úõд򲻿ɵˡף
֮⡣վɫĹװŮǳǳһЦߵҶˣһ񣺡ѣɡ
룡Ҷ⡣
ҶŮӵ֮ɳΧļ֪ʤת˼ȦԵŮӲɧĻ󣬷һĶׯʣദ崺磬Ҷ⼸ΣҶʾ֮ԷһЩԽ飬һⶼҶװɵ㶵ظܾˡ
ջоҶѾרˣŵȻ֮ħ֮еħħֻǳջԭʼֳ嶯Դ˫нԵŮӿĶׯһٸʵȴǾͨ˵ĴмңŮһǸɲһһĸ˴ҶƲųѪǲܰѵġ
ʱת˲š
Ҷſٵ˵Դɸ̤֮
鰡תͷŽԵ⼸ʲôˣ
װŮ¶һ˿ЦȻϢȴ¶⼸ҽʹñзʹ˾Ⱦ˿Ȼûڵķ˿˿п벻־ֱɵġ
쵹һɫؾʲôȻ˵ãǻûеȻĻٺ١
䵽˵ֻݵĽӡ棬ɳǾӪ˼ˣѾȻ࣬ۼӲȴеˣȴҶһžͲȳһӡ
뵽첻ɵش˸ȥˡ
װŮ̾ãȻѾ֪֮⣬̰п룬ؽ󲢲ҲԱɳǲûе⡣
ȻˣǾͺáüģһصܹ̽һѾǴһȥɣȡöɵ
װŮ¶һ˿ϲ֮ɫ˵ͷתȥˡ

٣⵽ǵˣ
Ҷ뿪ɳ֮󣬾·;ɳԭ֮д
ӽԵĿе֪ȥɳǣ·;ɳԭࡣ
Ҷո˵ʵţزû˵˾
ƬɳĮ֮У̫ƤЩˣΧɳӾɫʵںܵ
ʱ˿̣ԶĻԭ֮УȻһɴ磬ɴ֮м˼͵ɳ֮鿪ɳռҲиƬ塣
ЩɳҲǱײϣֻǽɵΪҲܹ赲ֻҪΧסһʱ̾Ҫĥӵģˡ
񱩵ķɳӹ֮󣬵ϵĸعεһ㣬¶ĺǣеһ߰ĺǣ渲һ㵭ɫĹнɵķ򣬺Ȼûжöѡ
ɳĮ֮лӵ˼㣬ûʲô޳ûģֻһЩӦ֮ɵľܹǿѡ
Ҷ̧ץ߽ɫļ́һץеķ򳹵ȡ˸ɸɾߺǾ촷۶ɢȥˡ
ֻƴСģƵĳӵ͵ش˳һ㳯ҧ˹󳤳βһϸĺߣ㳯ҶɢŨŨϢ˼Ż
ಣĹȻӷɳ֮д˹Ҷնɱ
ţҶкȻһִɫһᣬʹ˾ַžžžƷıȻƣõ˳ȥ
ߺˣҶüͷһ壬ŭԩ޳Ȼ˶֣
ɳ֮ûҶһȻ̧һȵƣ
꣡кȻһɫ𵴲ơ
ɳʱͣϢ¶һŮˣŸոճ͵ϮҶŵͣڿ
˾ѾɵΪˣеƷʵѾӽɵΪ磬ֻ涼һѺۣҶˡ
Ϊ׵Ϊ飬ԱҶʵʦֵܣ漴æѣֻɳ֮в׽һЩ飬ûȥһѣΪ˴ѣѣƿǣոյǸ


523 Ϲַ
Ǹһеʵֻܸ˵Ǹ˰ɣҶ˹صһ־ɱУǿɱУҪһɱ
Ҷǰ̤һһɫĽ˳ɫĽ֡
Χռã·Ѿ˸磬Χ֮գɱɷ
˸оȫ¿ʼóܣнһڿˮ
ֲҪᣡΪ׵ӻæеΪ飬ոҶһɵǵʵǿɱȵġ
˵ʵҲɱǡҶɫ侲˱
һΪӿЦҲգ֣̽Ϲַġ
ϹַҶһԭΪС֮׷ɱģû뵽Ȼôһ𰸡
Ϊ׵ӿЦһ漴ͶҶ˸ͲӣԭһŵСɵʿ֮ǿ֮Ҳûʲôɫ˲ţȴóŶݼ֮֮ǰɲ֪һλɱֻ˳
ʦ˴ʦűǱɳǵĸϸΧĵΣϣܹѰҵһƪϹŵڱ
ҶĮȻǽϣͷ
ҶַҲЩ棬ҴһȥʲôϹرˡ
Ҷɷ˵̧һһɫɳ˶סˣȻȻǱ˵ز֮С
һͬǱ˵صǧ׵ĵطɽ֮еĵزҪ޴ʵ˼ĵؿҲֻʮ๫޴֮Уؿȴǧɽ֮о͸˵ˣǱ˰֮ҶеһʯӲͬʯһ㡣
һƬ֮УҶĴ֮£ΧĽϼƾ˿Ҳʩչʲôͨóʲôֻһ⣬ڣ֮Χ˵Ľϼƾƴˡ
֮У漴˵ߵӰþʵɰ֮˶񶾵ķ򣬳Ҷϯ
һɫɳϯնʱĮĮǰһƬ谵ɳžĴ죬漴ЩɳֶȭͷСɫ飬Ҷѹ˹¡¡׽ըͣؼѹĦ֮
֮УҶһͷ룬һͷһͷ⥺һͷڻؿƺóһ壬ڵȴ
ôһɰס֮ƾɸˣҲᵱ𣬵ǶҶԣֻЩģˡ
ЩɰҲǷͬСɣÿһεɰڶ̲һ㣬ﲻͣرըףյϾĳɳӿ
ϢɳҶһվ֮йŴ֮еķʧȹ̣Ҳɢҿˣ֮̾ɢع֮ˡ
ЩϢɰһ°ΧסҶ֮ľɰһȣɽľɰҵѹե˹Ļ֮Уɫݻը졣
ˡһ֮£Ƴֵ˴ĺҶһȭһ¾͸һټĿҶζȻһһݣôĿռնת˲ͷɵȥˡ
𣡡ͷͬʱԳԭضҶһ޴֮мӿɰײ˹
Ҷָһ֮£һƬˮһΧĳɳˡ
ҶеĽһʣЩɰɢʮ飬漴¾£һ飬Ҷ͵ϯ
Χ󷨾پΣ֤ͨپҲã
һҶһ޵ͷ˹ȥ΢΢ζ֮£ǰϯɰһ𱬴ɢ˿׷س˷ɢȥˡ
Ҷ漴߽档һ䶷֮УΪƺôĺʯɵġ
Ҷ漴ָһ֮£кȻ˾Ųʹ⻪һӶһ죬˿еͬʱըѳƬƬâһپ𵴶촷ۡ
෨֮£ΪҶܹˣ뵽ҶȻǣתͨһپ͸͵еķ
Ҷû˵йǰɫĸֱޣϣѸǷ̧꣬һ۶ոֱҵĻֻһ죬ɡǳܲϾһ¾ͱ𵴳˿˿ƣɢȥˡ
ӰһǰɫĻ棬һƬĿľâΧֻ֮ڶΧﾡҶһ޳׷飬촷ۡ
Χ޺Ȼһ˫зǵľ⣬žͬʱ³⻪ڿҵػ۶һţһŻ֮Ҷѹ˹
ãս֮Ҷʶ㣬дʧɫ֪ˮĴһϣɵսܹ֮ƾǿҲá
һֻƺư׵Ĵ͵طɳ㼯һɲǣ͵زУһڰ̣ĵͬʱӡ
ḥ̂ҶȻХһ
Ȼĵ⾡ԴԴϵسȡƾΧͷα³ҵҶĥ̸˸ɾ
ͷȻҲԣΧҶٵתţɿؾۼһ׼ٴκ£׼³һս֮ɱҶҶɲ񵶺Ͱ׹Ǹֱޣһ㣬Ļ֮£վѡ
ˣðͷʯ޸ֿҶһ˶ݣһһһطתĴ⾡У˼ڼٵصתţȻĻͷ޽սƣҿɾд鷳ˡ
ͷ޵͹Ҷɳеɲ׹ǸֱɲǼΧ⽻ǣ籩׻ʹϯռ価𵴳촷ۣͷҲǽթһҶҪһͷͷ̽סҶ
ͷ¶֮ΣȻһķ򣬻һҶݺݵ˹
Ҷһݣ쭣а׹Ǹֱ͵ر˶İ׹һ죬ָ𱬳촷ۡ
ͷͬʱҶ˿Ҷеĵ磬͵سһͷն˹ȥͷһɫ
ҶǰһԲǰ׻ͻ͵Ľ𽣣Щ׽𳤽Уƥ
𣡡Ϊ׵һͷҡһ¾ͷһ޺ͺ֮£ӲǽҶķ˸ڻ˽֭


524 ϼʥĸ
ģɶ񣡡ҶҧĥĿ֨֨죬ͷʵǷǳᣬĶڴͨЩͨתĻԲϾƾҶκͷޱʹ֮漴ͺָȻؾסҶѲá
ͨһᶼˣȻһе֮ƾֶٸҲƿħͨƹ죬ǧ򻯣ʵֻҪеܣǾֽͬһ㣬һơ
ԱͷҲͬʱ׸߿Х޴Х֮𺳳գͷ޺Ȼҡζ֮£˲Ϣ䣬Ѿת˵ˮĴԪء
ǿҶһ
ƾܹ֤ܹƥбԴ֮Ķսκβǣ
һҵ
ұ֮սΣҶʵ
ͷʵȲöսǱȴҪۺĶ࣬Ҫֵ֪ܵҲֻǺķһʱ̾ͽܶӣȴǺ졣
Ѿѹ֣Ҷһ
ţ֮кȻӰɷȻǧɫͨأȻɷطˢˢسҶ
Χ֮У֮죬Լɫ磬лƳӿɢҶѹС
𣡡ͷͬʱĵ⣬˹񷶥ģһ¾͸أǳ¸أϺ֮ڼѹݣѹסǳ̫ɷ͵ѽٻ
ãáұһСҶӻȡһֻΣóһ
ת¹⻷ӰƣҶ̧һ֮£ﵯ鶸ȻһŴɽĺڰ׹⡣
ˣһ̫촫źڰ׹ըѿվɫѺۣ·ǱըѿĲһ㡣
Ҷ˫һ˺֮£˺ѳһ˶ѿڣವһȥˣ֮䣬ѾһӰɵ￪ˡ
Ҷ͵ŻһڽɫѪҺˡ
˺½ֻϳѺۡ
ҪҶվתͷһ£ֻеˮĴڿһ֮󲻿ػص˵Ѩ֮
ͷ޶ǺǵģսӣȻȥȻĲ࣬Ӧ죬սǷḻޱȣıԴ֮ѾԶԶԽһзʹҶ޷ƽ⣬޽ٽ֤ͨתѾӽԴǽվҲǵ޵Ŀﲻɡ
Ҷ΢΢һվԼ͸״̬¾ץһȥԭ͸ָ˼ʵʸо
һʵ̫ˣڵľڴķ㱻ĵĳɣɴ˿ɼĴ޵Ŀֲʵ
˵ҶЦһѲʦ˷˳
˸ոڵıԵشһ⣬ѾҪĥ񾭣ɵɵؿҶ
Ҷûػ˻ֵɳ˵ϸң͹ɣлĻһǱġ
Ϊ׵ʦֵսľذǳ˵ϵݸҶȻû˵ʦʦõͷܡ
ҶЦ֧ϵѺҲֺ
ҶһȭĴʩչս֮ɳԭ겻ɢķɳɢ˲٣Ҷɹشɳԭݵش
ݵشķŮƫƧط޷ģҶʼһɳһɳǵؿʼȡԼ͡
ЩһһթѪһŵԭ˭Ҳѿٵ˵Ϣ͸¶ȥżҲиıȽϰԵҶִƳڴ󲿷ֽ֮󣬹ԹԵ
ȻҲвٵĳҪҶҶȻܾˡ
лвپϲˣ·٣ͱҶסˣȻڵեһ˿ֵȻס˷·ϡ
ϼɳǣɸ֮С
ҶǰһðԼзŮɺ׵ӰƮ衣
ĮȻһĹ󸾺һɴŮ
ϵ̴ľ棬ſٵ˵׼ĸŮԹעš
϶ΪԴȻû໵ܹſˡ
Ҷ豭һСڣĲɢθ֮У޵ò裡ǹʢˡ
ǹĮȻƬ̵ϲﻹطİٽЦɡ
ϼʥĸлֱ˵Ҷ²豭
ϼʥĸעӵؿŵϿٵ˵׼Ҷѣʵٵв𣬲֪Ҷܷ׼ңҳͣ
ҶҡͷɲУϼҪ֪ٵ˵ԴڸɳǶǹ˺ţҰ˵Դ㣬ʲôȥͣʮͣôܱȵ⼸ʮɳǵͣԪŵĥٰʮˣ̫ˡ
ٵ˶ͷ亹£Ԫŵ֮ĥѵ
ҶôһλˣȻôп̰п˵ֱ׳ϼͽϼʥŮɵӿһֿЦõĸо
ҶԴӳɾ޽ٽ֮ɽ֮ѾûеˣҲСϱһҲڱĵزһζ̷֤⾳ڰֻ޽ٽ֮Ѿˡգ΢ľأѰ޵ǵ˼ֻҪһӲֻصͨеĶĿ
ϼһ˫һԹؿſٵˣ漴ҧˣɳСŮҶ·ȡȫ֮ٽͷ­ĸŮΣ
ʹãôɣҲҪˣ֮˵ԴһǮֵˣ͸ĸŮҰٽͺˡҶһЦ漴Ŀٵˡ
㡭ٵ˴ʱ˿̣ѾҲˣֻʣ˿־ѣҶԴһ·˹ȥ֮ÿ޵ɳǳõͷ­֮޲Ǵϲ漴ʹŵ֮Уıʱķ֮þһеֶΣĥĥǧݡ
⼸ѾƷʲôɳĴιҶȴգǹЩǵɳΧʤ羰֮棬Ҳĺúõġ
ΪĸŮеĺ޲ʳƤײкͳޣо˲
ҶӺݶĻ쵰ÿնҪһʹĺúõģҪҲɡ


525 ϱı
ϼʥǵڿƮƻţͷǰҷų
֮л죬
Ҷش˸Ƿʱӣڳ˯ˣߵĽϼʥŮӶ
ָоЩŭ
εĿĵһǣǣһʮƷҪٵ˵׼ҶȡΪֹ󷽵ĳ
һ·ȡͣûг㲻ôϼʥŮ˳ʵҲǵֽôɾ
ȻСҶĿ£ĵصθĸ׵ô
ĸ׿һ򶼺׼ϼʥŮһЦվͳСѣ㲻ģֻ̰̰ɫңҲĶ֡
˭˵Ҳ̰ɫʥŮС㲻ҪᡣҶƳһۣ漴ջ񣺡ֻǸո³»һʱ仹˲黨ǲݵ˼
ޣϼʥŮһڡ
һ죬һž޴гҶ͵ع˹Χʮ˷Ҷ
Щ֮ƽǽȴִһĥ̵˸ееӿ
һضĵƻȻҶָɣҶָᵯһ£Ŷת漴ӭ籩ǣһǧɵĻĻ⡣
˵ҲˣҶеĻѰƥȻǿҵ쫷֮˿֮ɢҶסβͣɨ֮£֮зıըΧܹнķȻһײɢȻɢ
һֳѩµӶŭĿӣΪ׾ٵؿһŭɵ˵ϡ
ҶȻѰһȻԼǬ磬ɵɫˡ
㵽ʲôˣȻϣ
ֵǺˣҶгɹز׽һ˿Թͼޡ
תͷһ۽ϼʥŮ漴Ȼ
Ҷͷԭˣλ̨ﰮͼ޵ķʽҲֱס
ҶЦЦתͷԽϼʥŮֵ̯̯ԭˣٳĿģòҪҰɿ˵ɣ
ϼʥŮĬȴһĨ쳣ɫӦòĶ֡
ҪҳֵȻԡٳҳ֣׼ٳͣҶֱ׵ؿʵҵĳȻӡ
ϼʥŮɫ΢䣬Ҷôһ˵͵ڳ״ļƻ
һƷϼʥŮҧгݵһָ
ǵϡҶͷ
ԱǸֳȣѩµôһԻ漴¶Ȼ֮ɫ
ֻҪ׿ڴӦͺãҪ˵ȻҪġҶ赭дصΪֹûĸҵˡ
ϼʥŮĬƬ̣漴ͲˣԱҡȵӶʱһ£еɱ
ȣǰһ΢΢Цλ֣ԭֻܹӶڽϼʥŮ
û֣ҪҪ֣Ҷֻ˿λٳֻǸһȥ£ûаϵ֮󣬸߸·;ѣҲҪˡ
㡭ϼʥŮҧгݣҶҪߣ
ҵȻᣬѩ£ɳǵٳѩ¹ڨЦе֣˴αȻɣʱҵѩһСĳȻӭ
ǵȫѹھҪ鷳㣡Ҷһ̤ת˲ǰһļٳҪ鷳㣬Ҫǳˡ
ãȻû⣬ǡѩתͷŽϼʥŮ
ûʲôǵġҶһʹסĲӣЦһ漴ɿֹصһѩ۷Ź⣬һֱڵͷȻɿؼƶȥˡ
ɹˡҶͷתɻ֮Уһͷճǰɳ۶ȥ
ϼʥŮؿҶôԸġ
ϱıҶ֪ܵصҶԴͬĿͻȡͬ۸ߵĿͻһ¶øֶΣ󻼡
㲻˵ǰɣǺãҲõǽϼɳǵͣϼʥŮҧгص
ҪЮңҶ̯˫ֵðɣֻǸһЩ׷Ů˵ķѣǹĳλٳԸϰ߰ãԼȥ֮
㣡ϼʥŮЩû

ɳǵɸ֮СҶų͡
Ҷ֮⣬˼Ͽٵ˵׼֮󣬺ɣǰʮִЩһϹžһ᳤ա
Ҷ΢΢һһ·ܹͣǧƷɷ򣬳ˡ
ϼʥŮؿڵҶֻ治һ̰
̰㣬˭̰޵߲̰޵ֺأҩҪ̰Ҫ̰ŵرиҪȥ̰ҶЦΪСǿǲŽ޴Ҷֻ̰ӲǿС
˵úãһԵĻЦ֮ĳ˼ǣɳǵĳ㲻Ķˣ
¸壬֣ɳǳɳĹԼĵԭ򡣡ҶһЦԽûԭޣô֮ϵĳأֻżмûƷûµĳ֪Ҫȡѡ
ееһη֮ɫͷ
ҶͷԣʵǸǳĶ֣Լ򲻿
ʮƷӡķһָˣ񱩵ɢ˿֮ϸ΢ķסЩķš
Ҷſһ֮£³һɫ漴ǧ˿ƣ˿룬ʮ˸ʵʵ
һɲǼѾ仯ˮƵģλôȭͷСĹԣľ翪ʼѭŹ켣ؿʼ˷չ˿
ǧ˿ƵסЩ̫֮ͬµıһڻȻ󻺻֮С
Ƥһԣɢĺ⣬
Ҷµ򾧹֮УԼϸ˿ͣ£ԼԼǵͬ¯Ϊ֮ߵ
ҶȻڵмҪæ
˵ɡҶԴĿһ˿ηԭǳĺģҶҲأʱʱԼű
ԴҶɾ޽ٽ֮˿ʼŵΣʼԾˡ
ԻˣԪֳһעɷ֮У£˴Ѿɾ֮塣


526 
³ǰǾҪֶɷ
ʱҶƺ⵵ˣɷ֮Уȴ˸ˣռݡ
͵͵ؽһתɷעУɾķ
ҶεͷҲãŮһ׳׳ɡ
ϲҶһ٣ŮǷ˻ȥ
ոռȡôڽԼ޽ٽ
ȻҶŲ澭ʮʹ޽ٽ׵ٶȿҲֹн׽һʱ޿̼ȡԪȻˣʣµһĵķҲʵֲ̫һЩҶӻлõʮѾ˸ɾ
ҪԼ޽ٽ׵˽ɡɡԴɡɡľ磬ķѵԪҶѾȥˡ
ͻɾ֮Ҷͷµʱһֲ
ƺоԶ֮µ飬ʮֵĽ겻ȫһؿ쭡
ǧĶӰͨٶȳ֮⣬ܹ˿ռϱڣĴ֮£ʹԼٶȿ쵽˼㣬Ҷ޽ٽ֮£еĿռϱڣ˵ԼҪȥľȥġ
˵޽ٽ޵еģƿҲǾ޴ġ
ŮȻߡ
ҶƮƮµĸ֮ۡУһѾͽ±ڻ
һֵ֣Ťһһ¡
ǷʲôôԶɻǸо񲻰Ҷס£һ񲻶ģɵؿʵ
Ҹոյõĸ뺯̾˿ҲμӰһε޻ᡣ
ĸҶüôû
Ǻܾǰˡ¿ЦδƵʱǹܣҪŮɣҳɵ˸˼λῡ֮⣬ûиɹһ£Ǻĸ֮ǾͺϵˣŮֽû¶棬ûг͹ֻÿһεТ١
ҶһȷϴǸ˵Ůǵʱ򣬾ûŹλϢνˣϵ飬ȥӦһ¾ǡ
ĵ̾˿ǰɳǵһλŮĸң۹ᣬҪɻϣҼ޵ҡ
ꡣҶµһʯ˿һɳˮɱб
Ǿ͸ˡҶɫСֵʱһȥɣǣɡ
ҶٿȻһɫĹⲨһ̬ϵߴ̤˳Ҷһ
λǰǡ³һ̬ϵߣɢϢ
ūǣٷˡ鹧һ
ҲڵʱػٷߡҶļ

ɷ۷壬ȻΪҶˣҹפߣŮ֮жȻôһɸʿ޲Ȼ
Ҷȴĸ̬ģô˵ǰҲݺľǿߣ飬ҲһݿսģһλԼǰϥװӣǴҲȻҲʮ
ôһ֮ôȿҶǰװӣҲЩΪµʿǰү

ɳǾµŮǲѣڼʮ޴ɽ
ŮǵƫƧ䲻ͬǣɳΧŲɢ߲ޣɫޡ
ҶɫƵʵЩЩһ֦չûƷλĹ󸾡
һ˳ſڴϱֱ֮Ӿͽ˳С
߲ϼͷڣ磬첽ӭ˹ǰͺһӵЦ⣺ҶЩ棬رƯˣһصɻᣬ֪ܹῡء
䵽һߵҶɫ̾ǰȻĹ󸾣̾ɱһ¥е𱡣
ˣĸѾ˷¿ڵ漴һԵҶ˹ҵķҶ
˵仰Ϸһ˿κ졣
ҶҶǿЦЦһ
ŶȻķôҶѣʲôӵܡֻǵһͷɫЩӲˡ
ҶɫȴΪ䵭ƶмһ˵ģ
ߣֻһոͻƵСС½ɣȻ˵񣡡ҶĶǺȻվ˳ŭһҼǰأѾ𽵹˵̬ȣδ̫˰ɣ
һȴǴۻķкȻһȦȦΧĽƶ˿֨֨
Ȼɫ䣬ȵؿҶɫȻڷĶǣҶģʱ˼־ȡ
ΧıͱĿ⣬׷׿ʼϡ
ȻһλΪūͣһ˵ıϹϾ
̬֮ȣǣǴ֮ҶĶһӴһ㣬𵴵Χվ졣
϶ΣϾµĸˡҶֻ̧һ£Ķ漴˰벽Ĭˡ
ӾˣŵؿҶ͡
ٷˣǻǻȥɡɫĮȻתٷѾ֮ޣȻҪ¶Ϊ𣬲רǣĪҪ϶Խ졣
²ɵؿЦһ˵ǣ֪ˡ
ǿ¶һЦݣˣǱʧðˡ
Χڶ͵ⱦҶȴԵΪ޻ҲǱȽصֻǱһλͶѡ
ĬȻվҶıĬȻΧһηĿͶλū͵ϣ˶ʼ²Ҷݡ
޵֮Уܹһλɳ䵱ūͣ˵ƴӰ˳ͷݿǺεȵľ޴
ҶҪⱦװףһɾūͣѾף
ΧڶѺ˼֮漴Ϳϯˣηȵɽļȷ׷ˡ
Ҷһۣ˵Ϊʲôûг֡
ǳ˼֮󣬶ūԾӡ
Ƭֻ̺˾ҹǰۼݵ
һ֮£׷վ
˿һɫµӴ˹Ϊ׵ӷ棬ļӢǱˣϴιŮǵۡ
Ҷϲ׽һ˿ıϢвɵЦ
˵ˡ


527 
æӱ洺صԭүˣ֪ʲôλ˴ˣ
Цʮ´󺺣ɫ
ȵصѽôʲôôصƸء
˵ˣ½һ¡۹
ҶЦ
һ£ȻûͽһŮδмƸ񣬺¿󣿡
¶һ˿ݵɫԱЦҶٺЦŮǵ³֮ŮͬĸŮһ㣬Ϊˡ
Ҷɫɲ֮ͱɫĿ֨һֻʯָ˿ɳ֮еĿȻһ·һʯѹͷһ㣬ţкХƵ˪ѩӿлΧ϶һ㵭˪
ԭЦݣ΢΢Щ˼
ɫ΢䣬кȻɳһź⣬գ޳ǵϿպƶʱɢ漴ֱЩƸ˹
ۣ治֪Ǽٲ֪ҵĵ¡ҶҡҡͷҪݺֶδҲ̫ͼˣȲˣ
ûе飬ѵݺôۺȻȻҶ֡
Цݵдһ˿ؼԹ֮
ҶɫָЦˣָһеѾѵľƱȻ˲Ϣһģˡ
֪ôģҶζذеľƱתͷɫԴε
Ҷûչֳǰʵͺݣ潸ӽվ͵øӲϹһѣϾɽ֮һжȭͷ˵㣬˼ĹȻв࣬ѾΪǡ
ҶѣԭĿľΪ˽Թ϶ѡ˺Բ䣺ңĸʸĻ¡
Թ϶˵úáҶûվŮǣǵˣ֪ܷʾһ£
ҶѣҪᡣɿһûж⣬ֻΪҪϴΡ
ϴǼ飿ã˵úãҶ¶һ˿̵ɫˣҵһ顣
˵
֣ȻҪǾͲ¸ҿͷȻ¿ͷҶЦеصҾͲˡ
¡
ɶ񶾵Ļʱڳɫ䣬ɫ৵һ±˲Ұɫ
񶾣̫ˡ
ӣһǸӣ
ûбҪˣûκεıҪˣҶ˻һ͵ڵˡ
㣡ҶɫٿȻɫ䣬͵վŭҶƤǳϺɫ
ɫڵҶ֣Ҫˡ
Һ۲⣬ֲ죬ҶתͷصôĨǵģѾҵĵˣ㻹ô
˵仰ʱҶѾ쳣ڳ˶оˣҶпһﲻϾͻε֡
һ仰Ҳ˵ˣоһ籩֮ۡ
ϴû㣬ΪҲŮҶܵƻû뵽оȻôᣬһˣۡҶһ˹һߵͷɫ֮мޱߵ䣺֣ԼҵˣпɽˣҾͲɱ˶ôҽƫҪ㣬ҲҪ㣬Ҫڣ
ҶЦŵͷһһߵ۵ǰüѾһ쳣塣
ৣ
˵䣬Ѿɳһɲ񵶣Ϲص̵˸ŵΧĿռ価һˣֱĿġ
ԱǷɳһ˹ǰɫĸֱޣ졣
۴ʧɫζû뵽ҶȻ˵־Ͷ֣ûӦּ̧һסҶһ
Ҷһ޴һվҳһƬɫ
ΧĿռܵһನ֮£𵴳һƬ֮ɫ
ȻȣҪǰһƫܣԱǸɲɸ˶ȴǻȴλ˿Ĳ
ԱߵĶȴǰһֻ˫̧պϱһ£ΧȻһȦɫ⽫ƬҵĿռ価ΧΧ޾ҳǻȻ˿ûй©ѹһƬ֮СƾΧռңɳ岻ɫĺ£Χ
ڳ˼Ҷ;ȻͨΧ޲ɫȻ΢΢һ
ͬķҶһ޳˿ϵǼĵѾͬѣҶħ˹漴һѹ¡
ҶңȻȫĹǽϷ˿һ͹ҶǰϥѾѵĺۼˡ
ҪϻˣۡҶ˹ߵǰ̧ͷԴٺЦһһǵһǣóԵģǲԣôüǵ㵱µĶİɣүһɡ
ҶЦݣŪСһ˹ָ۱ͨ죬׵ǱšĿ꿦죬Ȼһ죬صҶߵһͷ
ϵĽƱؿĳһˡ
͵סͣĿɿڴؿŹؿͷۡ
ڳеıǻȻ󾪡
һҶЦһ漴һָһٴߵͷ
㻹ҪӲҶٺЦһȻ̧һѹ¡һ
߶ûܺһʱѹһ籡Ҳѹȥĳߺķ߲ͣš
꣡ǿķ׺ķʿ¶˼𾪵ɫ
ԱߵʮʱʧɫҪܣҶּɲһ֮£ʮʱնˣ漴ǵڽڵ෨˸ɾƤŹͷģص
̧һĨһɫ£ΧҳΪ촷۵Ŀռ価ѾƽȻƴûбһƽ޲
Ѿ˵ˣһƬ˵ĲҰࡣ
ôҶһŲϣµһͷ׵⤣ֻ΢΢ҡͷϧǣҲûиԼº󻼵ϰߣϴֻǲ˺£û뵽˺ܴˡ
Ѫ棬ҶһŲֻǲͣŻѪʱеҶ֣֪飡
ԣǼɡҶһֻţһŲԴϡ
зѪ֨֨ѽѽعֽţҶķиһЩ۶û˵һеķ
һˮɫĹⲨȻɢ˿гһѷ죬һ޳ߺȻ˳֮С
һ֣ɨһΧأһֻɫĴһץ˵
㻹ûӷﰡ


528 ¶ĸ
ҶЦһеɲȻȻһɫƥֱߡ
ɲһΧĿռ·ͣһ㣬һǳתķɵĵնأߵѾιסֻȻһտɫĴַһ뵶⽻
ҶٺЦʹһߵĴֽ֣ץС
ϲģڿô
ɫһ䣬ŭȵµкγԹΪҪҼ
ҶЦʲôҽ컹Ҫ
䣬Ҷ֮£꣡
۱һΣˮһĵˮѸٵسˢڣ۾߶ûкһͱɢеķ
ƶһ˫۳졣״һ㿴Ҷ
׾ˣζû뵽ҶȻ˵Ĳ־ˣ˿棡
ɱҵƶɱˣСӣϵûܹ㣡ҴӴ˸ף
״һ㱩ŭ̧һӣһ״ķͷɫǹת
úáҶЦһӵյһֻڰƵĴֺȻӲ
Ȼ볡أָ̧һץкȻڰ׹ߣ۶һ˶ޱȵУ״ʱ˿С
ϼһｻūˡ
ð϶ΡҶ˵ָƥϴҼµʱҾ͸ûΪϡ
Цһ绨һȭͷȭһ㣬˹ᷨ˿еɫӶ֮䣬ɫǹмɵռ֮жǻһƬ
ָɫλ֮£ȭת˲֮ͶǧС
潥ؿʼȻˡ
ȴֻƾͨӲӲѣ˵֮⣬ǶԼӰ˸ݣȭȭϴֱӺλȴǱýڽںˣû˿Ļ֮
ڳбΪ֮𾪵ǣռϷȴҶλū
һһӣ軯ȭӰʯ֮ͽΧɫǹӰ˿
ŭĿԲţֻؿһֻĥ̴Сȭͷͷ˹
飡
ѤĹ⻪ɢȻһ޾͸˿ǶǵһȭҲ˳ȥˡ
ǺٺЦһȻһҡ֮£Ȼ黯һٵλǰָһձ죬ķ𱬿һȭඥͷ­˿
λ߶ûк߳ͱ壬ؽšһ黨״
㡭ŭĿԲŶǵģزҽУͷɢѾģˣŤ׵һڿУ쳣ĲҽС
ḥ̂
һһٵغ˳˫ַת֮£ڰ׶ȻлһԲжسһһټԲ̡
ǵȻͺ֮£ĥڱһ㣬žһͰλŰεؼУǵĽ̤ʵ˫ת֮£һ˳һתţĥһ㻺ת϶ʱѹ˸Ľǣɫرѹ˳һһε˿С
ڳıͺ˻ӲڷĲҾһɫ࣬˫Ȳݡ
֡ڡ»ڹ汻СɽСĺڰĥ̸סˣһתĥУԼ
оһ־ڣʱʧе֡ˡңҼ塭Ӵ˷Ϊ
ΪҲ䣡Ҷ˹ɫѾ쳣ˣĮȻڿһͷ׵Ļ
ڹ˵ڹЩ̫ôҵҪԱԪ񶼲ܣҾ㣬ͷļ壡ɫ쳣䣬ָ΢΢Ť֮£ڷһһ̵Ĺ˺ѵˡ
Ǽһֻһ㲻ñүı¡
һһʹλ淢쳣˻Ŷĥ̵ķת֮£һһִڱؼѹȡ˳Լ֮У쳣̵ֶοΧ޲սľͬΪΪƤ΢΢ţ
Ӳؽķس̵ַڳ˶Ҷײеֶθ׵Żˡ
ͨ򣬾ȻӲקؽ෨򶼸ȡ˳
Ƭ̵ĹλѾ׸ɱήȥһһص˵ˣû˿Ϣֻ֮ͫйâתȻһϢδ
ڵռ䷨ȻҶȡ˳Լı֮ˡ
λԼ֮ϵ澹ȻѹĥתƬɫЩͻͲ鼫ĲȻ
Ҷײкͺס춯
ҶѣӦù˰ɡһѹĵĲǿЦʾô
ҶԴΣ˵ͷܹĳЩĻϲ裬ΪǺˡ
ɫЩ԰ףһĭĵס֮еһ顣
ҶעĬȹϵһ㣬š
Ȼ϶ڱˣܹܲŹҪҶˣҶ鲻õĻƽֻ¾ҪΪʷˡ
Ҷɫ󳤱ȽȽɲбָŮûʲôˣռ˱𱲷ݵıҲƽˣǰǷ֮Уȣϣһͣ㲻ܸҽͣҽһɱ㡣
ڳеʿ޲Ȼ¶˾֮ɫˣҶ֮дɱɲģ˵ĳ϶ĳ
Ҷ㲻ҪˡסҶɫ쳣ɷ׵
£㲻Ҫңһûеʧȥǵʱ¶ĸȥȷǲҶдһɱҽɱѶһĽͣղ޳ɱ⣬ҾŮǣ
Ҷ֮޷ƵɱɫٿȻɷס
һĨ⣬漴ҶֲҪᣬ±ȷǳҪ֪ҶֵΪ˵ͻ
Թ϶Ϊ˭һֱʹӿΪ˭ǿµķϣͷȥˣҲչֳʵֻҲôɡҶЦֻǺ˰ɣ
¼Ҷ䳰ȷ̵ɫһһףһ仰Ҳ˵ˣǼɵҶոչֳֶΣΨĬˡ
ԱɳǵһȰҶ֣¶ĸȷʵףȥҲ
ǹ¶ĸʾɵʡҶЦô¶ĸôŮأûòҲͰˣҲ¶ĸļƽϣôĿŵңʱ㻹ѣ
ҶһŭΧĿռʱڹó


529 ޳
ǸûȥˡҶһɫΪ쳣עһֱԳƹ¶ĸŮˡ
Ҷ˵ͷתţã϶ΣҺ¾Ȼȥˣ֮Ҫҹ˵Ļǣѹ벹¯̣ǲ۸¶ĸǾЩһڶˣҲǿôŰôֻ֪˲ɵġ
һ嵭Ļ֮Χʿǵһ޲ȫѡ
û˻Ҷ仰ʵԡ
Ҷʵ̫ˡ
֮ǵ˵ͷ漴ͻһ⣬Զˡ
ҶȻ˵ĺݣʵϲˣֻҪЩشǰƵӵڶѡ
Լ˵ʵԣЦԼֲǾҲǻʵۣʲôƨˣαںЩ˵뷨
ԼʵѾվ۷塣Щһ˳Цһô
ҶվתͷؿֻƮƮɫǹתݡ
µĿе֪ͳɳǣһ¼̶񶾣ɳڵŮӺŮһⶼǱǿնģȻڸȻǼ͵˫ط̵͸Щӵū澣֪жٵŮʿƭ
ɳǣʵϾһ¥һ潸øӡ
ҶɨһΧɪɪŮǣŮؽҪ֣֪ܷ㹬еŮŮӾɸһأ
ڳڶʱȻ
ǿѹеľ⣬һ̾ûġ
Ǿͺãǽվ͸߰ɡҶٺһЦ˼ҵɲҷҪᣬҶǽˡȡᣬ۸¶ĸΪˡ
ҶֻǵһЦ漴̧һӣͷϵֻƮƮϢ˵֮С
ҧгݣؿҶ
¿ңǻңġ
ԹҶӣֻصغһΧֲʿǣҲͷת˾ͳȥˡ
ҵزţԶȥˣɵ΢΢һе˱Щʪˡ
漴ĵеһɫı飬ƣغ۾
ΧŮӣŮͣŮ澵֮󣬷׷׷صԼסʼʰʵҲûʲôʰ˶Գɿռģֻѹã̻һɱʵǲĵģϸӵһЩŮǶ½߳ǵĴš
ʱ˿̵ԹͷˣҶǿֲʵͶһе񣬳׳ɢκһ˿ͷ
Ҷ뿪֮Уֱؾͳȥˣ칬ڵŮӺŮҶߣֱӾͽŮ֮Уʼûиء
ټһɳǻ˵嵰Ƶļһ㣬˲࣬ڳΧ߲Ҳð޹ࡣ
һߣҲڳ׸ϾºеĹϵˡ
ԸȥŮǵģȥŮǣԸȥģĴҲáҶɨǰȺݺݺ࣬ڵ޳ɣǵġ
Ůһ֮󣬶¶ɵɫˣΪ׵ŮٿڵԸҶȥŮǡ
ҲãһʱҲã߰ɡҶͷ
ҶµʵһѾǵˣֻԺ󡭡
ѾЩϾ׽˸ָоʵЩܲˡ
Ҷ̾Ϣһ£ѾڰǱ˾·һ£ʵõĻֻʲô³֮֮ѾǻһеĽˣٱҲٳһΡҡ
Ҷֶ漴һЦҲû
µͷ
ǲе󣿡Ҷ漴ʵ飬ҵȷЩʧˣЩʿǲײĲᣬһʵһ£Զ㣬Ҫ̲㣬ѹ㣬ǸԳƹ¶ĸһĻϲ⡣
ǡ¿ЦһûСԭΪҺ˽ˣڷ֣ʵ̫š
Ҳǲܸ㣬£ϵǣ̫ˣʵϵܣҲողŷֵġҶգЦһ֮ܶЩܣԼ֪ͺˣҪ˵
ףҵķƽӣֻҪ㰮Ҿ㹻ˡ½εҡҡͷһ£ɵص˵ͷҲúеġΪʲôʧأûйϵģһжֻ˰ˣܹÿ͸
áҶ§ס֫һڡ
ҹĻȻˣҶǰڲָĻָ̧һ£߮ǹѸٵؾۼתۼͻڴСǹ⣬γǹҫǰ·һƬƻͨ
¿ǰҹĻµѤõǹ;ص
ֻīҹܹѤǹ⡣ҶڵڵҹĻ֮£Եǹ貶ĿѤûʡ
ǲ̫ˣʲô鶼ЩһһĨȻ
Ҳǰɣ̬ĥʼնأϲľԴһĵطǣΪ飬ȴоǻҲ֮١ҶһԾ͵˼̾Ϣͺñһ֣ûо˵ĵٷʱͻֽš֪ˣûйϵԺྭһЩĥ¾ͺˣЩνʵҲ;࿲ģԣҲһĥ־Ļᣬûʲô˵ġ
ߵĴӢۣʵǱȳġҶ쳤̾§סļͷıƻеţǿԵȴе֣̿ѾȥЩһжңһػ
ҺԼǿʱȴָеһĸоǲǺûã
£ҲԸӴЩΪ񲻺öеĴ徲֮徲Ϊ֮УĻ䣬ˮɢˮݣ飬ް֮У֮㲻ңеǴƴ֮Ӽҵսصı֮Ѱ֮мµľսıҲǿĶ֣ҲؿѧңסԼһ徲ް֮ģֻҪܹѰԼĴеĿ꣬ᶨƵȥһգִҪĵز
ҪοҲҪô򵥡ҶЦЦ̧򢣬΢Ц㲻ãһǾô


530 ͻƿ
ܸ˵һĹôºȻڵ룬ԸôöľΪȻڲͬ˶ʰɡ
ðɡҶͷ
˾ǳ϶ˣҶ콫ԼĹ˼ʱĳɳ֮޴֮е֮֮¼һЩʵĹ˳ˣ
һ˥Ȼ޴еɶ֮սλս֮սһһ벻һ㡣Ҷ΢΢Цǵɽ֮УҲûǰھЩʱ򣬸е˻ֺ̿󣬵ھЩʱеֻƣѣҪͣȴͣһֻܾôͣȥ
Ҳ۵ʱôü˿˿ϧ۶ķңص
ţ㹻ʱָҶ¶һ˿Цݣס֫
ǹ¡
¡ԻʵҲйô
ҶգЦҾĹ¡
˼Ƭ̣漴ĬȻշ˵κ죬һʱף޲ɷ

ģҶЦÿܹϷŪ죬егɾ͵һ¡
˵Լ˼ʱһƴɱ뾭Ҷ΢ΪѾǴ˼ʶգЩֻǵʶ֮УѾںˡ
ЩҲᱻĥһʯĳľأƴ𣬳ɾ֮
Ƿȱһ֮ģʲô֮ģԪҪŵرҪᣬ֮¸ǻҲҪġҶοǷȱľ֮İɣʵҲܲˣܹһģ˵̬ļǿֻǷȱǿӲǶѣûйϵԺؾͿԸĹˡ
ˣԭһǷȱôడ΢΢һҶ˵ͷðɣҾ;Ӧһ°ɡ
ʵҲһ£λ𽥵ļǿġҶص
޴֮УǺڵ̫ɸ֮С
ɹƽĬȻķ嶥һɽСΧ뵣ġ
֮ʢ࣬һֱΪ㣬ǺľӪ֮Ҳʮֵ
һɣ޵еĹ֮УĥԼĵ־ɹִ֮漴ͽƽְλɴƮ壬һһֱִһʱ䣬ʹ˵ĵҲվΪѾԲľˡ
ɴƺЩأɹúȻ۾ɴڵô
ɴɵҡҡͷ¶һ˿صĿЦ
ʦ治֪Ǹûĵɽ֮ôˣǲȥŮĴˡƮĵ̾Ϣǽ׵Ժ󲻹ˡ
Ʈ壡ɴֵصһۣɫЩȻʡ
ҶдԵ컯֮ˣűɽ֮УԸңɱɹʧЦһ̾Ϣȥ컯ΪлԵҵȶĻԵųɾ͵ɴѾǻ춴ΪˣΪλ˿ҶҲǣǶѣѡзɴ˿ɼ㻹Ҫĥµвǣദ֮ãѵ鰮ô
ʦѵǡɴһЦƵ᣺ҶΪѾǽǳҶԵߵʱ򣬾ѾǽҪӵһŶ޵֮ģ²ִˣǽҲܹĿˣʦΪǵľǡ
ܹȥ룬Ǿ͸áɹϧظĳȶȥҲãеĻԵҶǿģЩ֮ڸӦǹ̷ĥ񣬶˶Ů̬֮ȵӦùµ컯ԼĵгǸ飬ҪмǣҪʧȥ޵ߵıġ
Ѿˡɴ΢΢һЦƮתͳȥˡ
Ʈ岻Թ㣬ʦ̽һЩ飬ôء
ʦ˵ûҪУҲɽطֻ꣬ģܹΪˣɴ΢ЦҶǰٰά뷽跨зΪͻ㾳أѾǼˣãӦúĥУɾͨ
֪Ʈһڵ̻Ѿ̵㻯˰˰ٿǳϵˣǰøո˴Ըɹ⣬λͷȻһȣ
ʲôϵɴʧЦ˵Ͼֻң֪ɡ

Ů֮еһ֮ڡ
ҶȶУȴһἫصͭ伮һһͨ
´˵صı⣬Ҷʼ伮ҶֻǴģûٸɱˡ
εĲսͼ֮׺ѾҶصˣ˾Լı⣬ҶԼвеĵ伮
Щ伮ûܹģֻܼϣҶͨ͸Ȼ˫е鹲֮Լϸϸе֮
˵ˣҶΪҪƿ棬Ҳ£¸赲ãԾͳȫ
ϴǰڵĹǣĿľΪŮڵ౦ѣҪĻµ塣
µ⣬ֱ޷ؾ䣬ŹҶ˫ޣǶҶ洦
ɴ˿ɼ黹ЩƨǱʡ
ǰһıĻ·̲һһ磬ֻҶǰɣ漴ֳ׵˸ɾ
ʱ˿̣ҶķӰ˸ݣ˵һ㣬Ƶӿݣɫ쵵ĹⲨͣ˸ƺһȫµ𲽵Ŀٳͣķڻ¯ĥһ㣬ԵüĺƴΪ֮ᡣ
լԺŮڵĵطΧӿԪ΢΢һ漴ͱ羡ȡȥȻ³״˿¯
ӶֵаķʵԼĵ֮ҶڵͨѾܹʼɱתʹͨתɵĵнȹ
򳹵׿ٳԼ֮ҪĻиۻ嫵ķ֮²ܹɾ֮ɡɡɡԪɡʥɡɡ
Ҷеĵ伮˳ص죬˫Ŀ֮ͫƿշǿգƮ㣬漴Ƴĳ˼֮С


531 
ŮǵЩǳѾ׵ĹɵΪΨɵΪҪͻƣ͵ҪԪ֧ˣҲ˵ҶҪŵر
ֻԼ֮Уй֣໨Ͻһ㣬ͬʱǳǧɷԲԼ򳹵С
Ҳѹˣɾ֮ڵҪۻķֱ޷ѹֳɾɵĸҪʱ𲽵ĴĥˡҶָ΢һ£ɽ֮еԪȻܵ˷ãϾԼķҿתɱˣɱңΨֻķܹɾϵΪ
ΪΪҶȻ˹⴦ͬһһɰС
Ҷ͵ſһʮһٵͬʱҿ˷һ޴һһҵعڣۻӴķϯ漴ܵ˷ǣͣر鶯ˡ
Ҷʱʼᣬһ쳣׳Ĵһ㣬ȫļһǿ֮ۻ
ԭٴαһͷҶϳʮ׳ľԱ߽ϸ˿ľͨÿһļھļ
ЩִҶ֮漴֮Уڵ෨ƣ׳ѾķӣȻɢȫɢȻһһؽ׵ͼλá
Ҷǽڵ෨Լ˫ȭ˫ŵλϣ˿ҲǴģȳȫ⼸λãȻѿȻ𲽳ɾͽԼ޽ٽ
ڳɷˡҶһͫкȻһ߾â⣬ֱ͸ɽ硣
ɾ޽ٽ֮ÿÿһ㣬ֻ粻ɽо͸һ㣬еķ뱾Դһࡣ
޽ٽûνƿΨһԼľǿԪ
ڰڵ򣬺ܶɳеŮʿ֮вΪߵŮʿԸΪŮǵһӡ
һŮʿǿ̿ŬУһٲŮʿʱʱڸǰתƣҪһҶҶЩЦá
ҶӺ̤ǰкѾˣϴЩƣɫ
źˣҶʵ
׵ˡһҶоɾƿȴֲ֪δơ
ҶȻ뷨ҹҹ˫֮£ȻҶи̸޽ٽӰ֮£Ҳɵľ硣
㱾Ծ˵͵Ҳ޷徲ռ֮У̲棬гҲֻǵóţûһùҶ
ڤ˼Ƭ̣漴ʵҸôźء
һ߰ɡҶŮڵľɫѾ̫ˣӦóȥˡ
ãľˡ漴˳صͷҰѴȨŸ孺ˡ
孾ǵ±ѶǸŮʿҲϤһŮӣΪߣѾɵΪˣֻһֱûбҵʵҶѣѾɴԲ漴ͽŮڵдȨ季ֳڵһҪάֳڵ
Ī絽֮пɡҶЦҿﵹǻЩ˼̻ɽ֮г󣬴δЩ쳾ǲȥһ
µ˵ͷ漴ɵɽ֮СʼĴѰ̽ء
ɽ֮⣬ҲвٵСֻЩСȻҲ޵ȴ
ɽ֮е֮ԴɢӲţЩСڵܲɽڵ޵˵Ϊ
Ҷ漴һ˵еһ֮С
ǳؾȻֻѰשʯɣſڴΪ֣֮еܰ
Ҷվͷ棬Ÿߴĳǽ汥ܷ˪ʴĺۼѺۣȻﾭ̫սĺۼˣѹ־ͻǿҵɱ֮š
ΪȻɱ֮ֻǼ֮С
֮ȴвٵ޲ͷλòƷľɫŮӺӺŵӡ
Щǻкǿ㡣Ҷ漴ЦʵҲֺȡɵĶأ
¿ǰߴĳǳأ漴˵ͷ˵ǣû˽ȥֻҲʢĶǺ˲öʢ˵ˡ
Ǻǣ꣬˵ļʶˣǿϲɺءҶһЦ
Զ˺ɱˣˮɱ
Ҷ漴Ǵɳ֮зȥ
սӪ֮жԱ쾹Ȼ񾳵Ϊ˴˼䶼˽⣬սݺύ׻ӣΧ𵴵ĳɰʯ顣
һλѾռϷ磬漴һĽ⽫ָնɱȻսһӣӵʼնɱһʱսȷѪ꣬Ѫɣĵо֮˴Ƭʬ屩ʬҰĻԹֱʡ
һӪ֮кȻʮаˣҡелᦣصԩڡ
ᡣ¿ɱ¾ɵ΢΢ҡͷ漴еıּڿеһһ£ӵתһȦ֮£֮ͻɫ⣬Ѥ߲ʹˮ׷ɱ档
ϵԩ걻һ֮£ʱеȫһϵԹɷɢȻ׷׷ͷҶµлȻתתͶ̥ȥˡ
漴ֻּЩǾֻ֮С
а̲ˣŭſԶµŮ׷׼˷ɽ˷ɴ̶
һȺ֪ļһҶɲһ֮£漴ͽ飬תһ𵶹⣬аʿնΡ
ڳļа˴Ϊ漴û˵תûؾ˿лķҲ˵ˡ
Զһǳ֮УȻһƬƣƮƮظϵҶǰվһߡ
ݼλǰڷΪ߹ϵٵ˿УҶ¹
ϵصǴĹʦǰոͻأɾ˽𵤵Ϊܹǰʵң֪ǰǷܹ͹⣬
ؿǷֻˣͣ١Ҷϵֹģ漴ЦЦҽռҲԵˡ
˵꣬漴̧һӣһ«Ա߷һᣬϲϵҲ
лǰлǰϵϲл
ҶѾƮȻԶȥˡ
֮֮أҲֻԳɵˡ¿ϵϲɫģ漴ҡҡͷЩм
˵ɾͲɾδزһ£쳣ϡɾɾǲܣҪǻۡҶЦЦȥɡ£Ǽһߡ
漴˳ӵص˵ͷҶһͬǰ֮зȥˡ
Ҷһ·˵ʢĹ˾ͱ仯һѰķ򸾣ֶһЩǮƣ߽֮Уŷѵõܡ
Щ֮жǣܵ˺֮£ѾвٵǳѾ飬ڻĽš
Щ֮£µĵѾصõ˳Ľˡ
㿴֣ǷΪ㻯أ²ʵ
ӦòǾΪ㻯ġҶǰ̲Ĵ֮У΢΢ҡͷ˵Ҫչһĳ̶ȣɵ֮ԴͷҲΪˣӰټҵʱµţɳŻߡ
˵䣬Ѿ˵ˣԶɽ֮УԼӰ˸


532 ۡ
ɽ֮ԼҰ˳ûЩҰ˶һһصΧһѾӵ˳ʶеĶʹһЩʯìʯĥǾɣȻԴʯʱ
еҰȻھʯʱʳѪ⣬ëѪҲиҰΧһȼʳһҰѾʼʹͭôƤȡů
ôôң¿ƬϵҰˣʵ
Ҷ̾ˣ޵ߵ㻯ġ
ôһ˵ҵˡüͷڵɽ֮дںܶߣвٶӦĿռ䣬ģ˼ĳһȡ⵽ʲôԭ򣿡
ܼ򵥡ҶЩ˵ΪѾܸˣ۶ߣʼն޷Ĩɱǵıʡ
ϸϸ˼һ£ȵ̧ͷȻˣ
ûЩ˼˵ҲˣǴǧ磬ɽɳˣľ˼糹ѽˣ˶õĻܹʥͣЩɽ֮Կôһ㻯ĿľΪ˴ԼľҶûκηܹȵϳɾһӴԼľôɾɾҲ޷־á
ԭˡ»Ȼ
˵ۺҹҶոͷ˾Ǹʻӣޱ߷ȴûвһŵģʹ³Щɽߴ˵ĿľǴԼľ
ЩҰ˵ıһŵۡһè޵߶ѡ
䣬кȻһ󺮷硣
ֵĿǲˡһ嵭
кȻһʤѩŮӣͷѩڣ˹
ľֹȴǴһĺ磬Ϊ֮ᡣ
ҶһݣǰŮҲѾɵΪˣҶЦˣʧˣѺΪ͵̸ͬòΪ
˪ˡŮӻҶһıҲָոȱݣ֪ΪΣ
㻯磬Ȼ򲢲ʵϣ㲢ġҶ̧һ棬㿴ҰˣΧ洦ɼʳԱ˾˯˭ҲΪģûѹȣȱ˽ȡģЩҰȻѾѰһ޶ϣȴȻͬӤԣǲλۡλۡУǶֻη壬羴
˪˼Ƭ̣ʵңأ
ҶһЦһЩ˵У˽ǵģȻ򣬶֢ҩݣԸУȻ򲻵˵ľͷչˣõŵ£ߵľ
˪˼Ƭ̣һԼǣСŮܽˣֿ֪Ըдһ
дһд跨ҶЦʵ
˪΢΢һЦ˪Ǻö֮ˣƴɱ³ˣλѣаɡ
䣬ҶµȻһƬɫĹⲨ·һ˪֮һ㣬ëķѩտԭҰ֮дݵıǱ
ǧ⣬ѩƮ
ǰĹȴֵͷɵ򣬶һͷβʵ磬ռ֮пٶ֮ɵʵ硣þ
νʱ١
ãúáҶһ٣ѩصΧسⱩϳ˴ƬƬѷ죬̺ͻɽңţȻɽɴɵҴӵص緢˳ҵĻպ˰ڽɽʶӳ˰ߣƼˣı֮ʱڻ˸ɾ
˵ĳȴһζĻ𣬻ɽ緢֮󣬳֮֮£챩ŰĻɽҺ֮⣬һů֮£һů´֮¶˵ϵˡ
ΧĺȣҲů´硣
˪ɫ΢䣬Ȼ̧һָɽ緢ĵϺȻȥһҴΧɽ֮ڻཱུع˽ȥתۼͱ仯һټĺˮ峺ףƽһ㣬һƬɽˮɽɫľ
Ҷ΢΢һЦΧʱǵĴ֮ɫĲԴΪģѸٳɳһƬдеԭʼɭˡ
ƬïܵԭʼɭֻһƬ⣬ʼ˷ɢ˿ȥ֮Ƿ̲ݣ֮ľͳɳΪ֮жˮһƬ
˪ɫ΢䣬þ֮жѾԵ³֮С
ǺǺǣλȻôˣﶷҲЩˡԱߺȻһµŮӣЦӯӯ̧һֻа֣ᰴ˪ϡ
ϺȻķţȺһ־ͿʼɿҧɫĲƤЩ漴н䷱£̶Ƭ̵Ĺ򣬾ѾƬ⾡̹⣬з֮ơ
ǿʳǡҶ̧һָ㣬ɭ֮жȻֳĲǻһ֣¶ݣ̾ͷЩʳݶ価׷ľ̲ѣɢӴ˿
Щʳ⶯ʨС򹷺ԣЩСʳݶﾡƵģЧضסЩʳݶѣرת
Ůͬʱһۣƺ˱˴֮ľҶĵ
ǺǺǣţ˶ʤԱߺȻһЦһ̧һ
þ֮һͷͻ׷¹Ȼӭһִ֧ƿնͷͻ۾ͷͻʱһؾͲˡ
һȺȺƤĸߴҰǣԶһ߱ܣһ乭ֳֵЩ޸նڵأݡ
ЩͻȻͣЩҰ󣬼й֣ϵõ͸նڵˡ
ҶЦһ
ЩҰ˹ֽݺԾŻʯʯì֮նɱʹĵڣһӶ׳ıԶɱ˹ӱףԱ߻вսȵȱϣתۼͽЩҰ˾ŰΧͽЩҰ˾
ЩҰҡһ֮¾ȻʵׯںӣγһһĲ䣬ȻΧׯʼһɷ䲼ʱһʥڳϴ˵Ұ˶׳֮£һȷǣ̩񰲵Ϣ
õ֮УȻǸо˵Ϣ
˪λʦͬʱɵ̾Ϣһͬʱ¶֮ɫ
Ҷɽһ֮ŮѾ֪ԼˣҶϾһ
˪˿Ϊ⣬ɫȻؿڵҶѽ֣ǽʵ֪࣬ˣ죬˴νȴǽ˲ٶ


533 ʮ
ҶһЦλѿˡ
лĻҶֺβǽö̵ͨĵӡ˪ЦЦݳܶˣ֮еʦֵҲλҪֽһµء
ҶЦѣͨеĵҪһɱɱҵɣ
ͨеľ󲿷ֵĵӶɽгɳģͨԣ´ԳȡҶøȥ򽻵Ҫ鷳
ЩͨԵɽӵ鷳Ǻ޵Ǳںͺ̨ͬҲǺ޵Ļ̡
лĻһȥҶЦЦڷܵ
ԶպȻһƬơ
־С椣֮кȻ˸¸µЦһ㣬Ѹա
֮Լ
ʮ׵׳ڵϣЦؿҶһˡ
ʮϼеĻľ϶׭һĹס
ĻʹȵʮȥŮˣΪ׵˪Цһǿ̵ͨˣҲҶ
̵ͨˣٺ٣̵ͨ˾ͺ˲ôΪ׵ڤˮɫĹŵʱɢ
˪λҲеŵؿʮλ
ߣݳķϣĻʹȲǼƽˡڤؿҶ£ŮӦò̵ͨ˰ɣ
ҶĿתؿһͷʣĿٿȻսˣ
ͷʵŵĺȻŮҴʱ˿̵ŮԲѣơ
ǵȷ̵ͨˣҲ̵ͨıӻ
ҶĿѣٿȻһΣת˲ڤǰûӦһȭϡ
㡭ڤһ¶ŵɫ漴ͻһ̣ɢ
ŴˣǲŵؿҶ
̵ͨŮҲˣʮÿһɵΪҶȻһȭܽ䳹𱬣궼׵׵ķɻҽǺεȵ
Ҷ̧һãŮƮƮϡ
Ϥ֣Ӣգ
Ҷޱ飬ָ˺Ľϣ޽ٽףϻһƽƶʱ
֮Ҷչڵ֮УѰĲл꣬ûκЧ
ŮĻʶѾ׻ɢˣȻȻڣȴѾǸտǡ
Ҷ̾һֽ̧ŮջصԼ֮Уתʣ಻ҶľŴʡ
˭ܸңô¡Ҷ쳣ƽ
ҶѾһֻƽ޲û˿ɱɷζʣľŴȴĻ籩
Ϊ׵ĵ˰ΣڵǼĻʹ̫ӿϵģŮ̫ҡ
ڨڨز˵ȥˣҶеŭ𼸺ܹյȥˡ
ȻˣҲûа취ˡҶ̾Ϣһһˮƥ⡣
Ҷɲ˵һᣬˮкһĵ𵴳ڻǣŴһš
Ŵʮغ֮ҶѾʼϤʮս˲ٵľ
ҶȻлó˾ŵӰ⣬Ŵÿ˵ذһȭ
һȭ󣬵ȴ𵴵ȫһԡ
ŴֵؿڣҶ
ɡҶŮȥѶÿȥ
Ҷû˿ɢһ޷ݵıϢԱŮһ֮漴Ťͷܡ
ҰɡǰһŮʲô
Ҷ̾ϢһŮԸңȻвѡ˽Լʶɢȴû뵽ȻͨһŷסĿҪһǣȥֺǱӣ
ҶһкɭȻ
£ҪɱˡҶкȻһĨǿҵľâ
顣ᰴסļͷǵǰҪȰŮѾȻ˵
еþȣҶһ漴ʵ
µ˵ͳʢһ滨񻨣ɼȪĻȪʥˮֻƳɵ㻹굤ܹ˷ʶۣŮʶʶ޷ԭҵõ˵е㻹굤Ӧܹʶ»ѡ
ˣȥ֮ϾȥҶڵ
ݷɣȻͣ˽Ųͷʲô漴Цһʱˡ
Ҷָһ󣬷һر졣

Ļʹ֮С
ĻʹһƬɫ֮Уټ֮УΧǻҰɫʯɣһɫɫĺƣɢŵɭ֮ں֮УĻгذ
Ļʹһʯ֮УһɫۣаӢӶڱϣһ˫ɫ۾·䲻ɼ׵һ㣬עű¾Ÿ
ΧŮӰ˸ΧȫȻ裬Χĺ׾棬һòŮУʹ࣬ˣįְ̬һ
ЩŮӶĻ̫ǧռ֮ԻѰŮ̬һ̺漴÷ɵġ
ڤûлôĻ̫ĵص̧һָһСŮпʼȻ衣
Ƥһؿߵ̫ӵ£ҪΪ˾Ȼ޹˼ɾɱˣĻʹ
ʱѾ֪ˡĻ̫ӵһȥģŮҲᱻղģǴˣȡһöεȥɡ
ϲߵͷл̫Ӷͣл̫ӵ¿ݣ
Ϊ׵ĵ¶һƺѾԤҶı³ˣʱ˿ѾʼԤŽҶ׽֮ξȥĥվβܵĵڣȻٴθоһ飬Ȼˡ
λҲˣɫ쳣ľ֣
һԵĸоѸٴȾԾ˵ٶѸɢǵ֮С
ҶڸÿһȭʱѾں˱и֮ýǵ֮УɰŴûзֱڲű˿
δӦȻһǣһͱɢһѷɻҡ
飡飡飡飡
Ŵ֧ͬʱһ΢ı죬ըѳһƬɻҡ
Ļ̫⧲֮£˳ȥ
Ļ̫ӲŵؿΧķ棬Ӣ˲Ťһ֮ȻĽơ赲ˡ
ŵĳ˲Ϣ֮ͽĺʯ˿ǧӳֵĽɳ֮£ֽһ
Ļ̫ǰɡ֮һصݣ˵ռŮȺãһ㣬úддġ


534 
Ļ̫ӱҶļüȮʱ򣬴ʱ˿̵Ҷһ·֮£ȥ
ɽ֮ҲһʷƾõĹȣҲһʮɸˣ裬ɫΧɳǵʿദѣǰȻ˹ţʿ룬ڹ֮ϣ赲ÿһǰŮʿɫʿǡ
Ҷû˿ĳɣȷ׼ȷλ֮󣬾ֱӴ֮С
ҶԤ֮⣬̤֮УĿȴһƬڵأǿ֦Ҷ
Ҷȴףͳ֮ҲջԪͨһʩչĻħ֮еԻͨѵ
Ϊǣ浽Ե⣬̫ˣ临ӵĳ̶ȫһλ硣
Իϼйһ棬Ҳкڰһ棬ħˣ·;ϣǾ߲̫Զġ
Ʃ˵ǰֻۣĻ̫ӡǲûо˵ϴױܳ谮޷죬Ƕȫʿɽ绹ǧ磬߲̫Զġ
ĳ̶ֳ϶ԣЩȻڣȻӵоķȴѾΪӣҶ㡣
֤ʿ
ѾˣҶֱ֮ӾȥɱĻ̫ӣĻʹȡ
ɾ֮ҶѾо編֮صĺָоЩ
Ҷ̤ڵ֮һɫˮ۵ѿߺȻӺ϶֮Ȼ˳
ѿˮۣСȴּǿƬ֮У˺ǻĲ̤档
ҶɵرܿһŬصѿŴǰΣȴٴһѿߡ
ǿԻͨҶһЦ̧һӣסԼ񣬴ǰȥ
һһ磬һҶһ١
һһƻɽĻʻŭ֮ʣҶоеľʼˣƺҪŭŵİٻعء
Ҷȵصٻ֮оȻ֮Ȼ
ٻŭŵһɲǼ䣬ƮƮص֮ҶָоԼ֮ݣ׳޾Ŀຣ֮С
󱯴ϲ֮䣬ȴ˵Ԫ顣
ҶȻһƬɫһһعţƾΧİٻ֮ŰҲ޷׵ĳתݵĺڰ׹֡
ħ飡ҶХһüڹ
㻯ħϣڰ׶һһ˸Χռݡ
ħ֮ԴԴħ飬
ħĵλãܵٵĴ󱯴ϲħ֮£һԴħ飬Ϊħ֮Դ
벻һξȻвٵջ񡣡Ҷ̧һǰѾһƬﻨˡ
ҶһƬΪ׵ĵǰ㳡ϡ
بɽϣһ޻ĹΡ봣롣
ڵŮʿǺشߣЩŮʿһɫľβȹͷֻǲһʻװζѣֻعȻȴܼ
ҶûЩƽŮʿǣɽ֮дھԶɣûһ֮
ķԲģе˰ܣ޵ⷴɡ
ЩŮӿ϶вΪ֪ͱһսʽ
һöֺͨ
ǰ߹ɫŮĿҲΪӣϴһ߹Ѥ޺£ͷƬƬɵĻʹһ㣬Уһ˿ױȵ֮ˡ
ɫʤ£ɽһˣ鴫
¾ˡȻɫҶ˸ףһҶΪôͷҽ
Ϊֳӵйʵ⣬ǰ޶⣬ӭ޶ĿˣֻҪʵһЦܹаʮһþֵһûȥ̤ЩѿߣѾ֤˵ֵıԲ񣬵ּ̤˵˵谭Ǻɵز
Ҷ漴˵һЩѿߡ
Թɣ֡ǳǳһЦ㴽Խܹµİٻϣɴ˿ɼԪΪ֮⼸ǧµĹܴʿʸ򱾹һҪҪ󾡹ǡ
ܹù֮ѾǲУҪҴǰҪ׶ѡҶ漴ЦµһλѣˣԪʶɢҪĲƶɵ㻹굤
ڳеŮʿǱҶ˷棬תۼʨӴ󿪿ڣʱһƬȻ
㻹굤ɫ΢漴ѴԲӣⲨǱʮ֮һֲѣǧһɳǧһ֦ɢҶҪǧܹ֮漴ͿݰˣĿܣƶɵ㻹굤ˡ
ȻҶƬ̣漴ʵֻҪ֪ǲ֪³ٴ۲ܻ㻹굤
һԼıϣˮָûԼӷ֣
ֿ˵ħˣȻڵ
Ҷز׽ԱŮ΢۽ǣ漴ҡҡͷû˵ֻѵͼҾͺˡ
һħ֮ʮԪħʮԪħǼ°޶аͽǰǰ۹ⶢͷˣ˱ٵŮʿϣǵܹʮԪħնɱԸ⽫ͣʮ㻹굤Ҳһϡ
ڳеŮʿǽʵʵصһ
ʮԪħǽ۷ΪЩħô֪Ӷ˶ٵĽɷôֵܵù
ǰǰҲѪç֮ͽ
ŮɼҶηģʱͷӶ˽
Ҷ˽ᷭһ£ϣ漴˵ͷָһ·;ȥ
ָ̧һԱһ䶷СİϰƴСһƬ꣬ƮƮƵط˹Ҷ֮У沼ϸСĻơ
ҷģǲκ⣬ʮ֮ڣұػǵ׼㣬ˡҶһͷٿȻһ£תۼͻһ⣬֮С
Ҷеָһɫǻ𣬱ֱƵĴ֮С
ֻһ죬ӿѵĻһ¾͸ըˣſˣ¶ǰһƬǿա


535 Ԫ칬
ǰƬǿ֮Уʮټƥĺǽһɢžǹ⣬ҫλõһǳֻǳ沼԰ǳ°ˣЩȻܷӡķӡֻΧټĺΧתǹԴԴС
üһǳ澹ȻϢҶ̤һµ棬о˽ɫĵϼӲʯһ㡣ֿһ㣬顣
˵ϢôֵǮôһǳȻϢֱҲǲСˡ
ЩϢܵЩļǹ֮£ճˣҲѾǱѰ
Ҷ˼֮䣬ͷϲԶռһ󲨶һȫ׹˶
˵ָݣƺһƤĹǼһ㣬ԵǺˡ
Ȼܹϡ氡
Ҷ̧ͷʵʮħеڼģ
׹ǵЦϷеھŵİ׹ħСȻǱϳݵɫ
Ҷÿɷ񣬺ǺһЦֻǵɫѵҵķûʲôȦɵ֮
׹ǵɫеĹǲȻҡһ£ʱذ
ֻǰ֮УصĹХɭĺڷγһ˶ɫƲ֮УȴĵѪħ۳֣һ׹ħģħֲֳָ֣ƺʱضܹһ㡣
Ҷҡҡͷ漴̧һӣȻۼٿɫĻǣΧһǳ֮
һͷ׹ҹֳֹǲ
¡һ»ǱըķΧ󣬵ͷҹħȻ˴涼ը촷ۣΧħƱһ𵴵ķ顣
׹ǵɫ䣬һа׹Ƿһ٣һƬڷĹХҶӿ
֪׹ǵ˶ߴһĮһִֻƬڷƣϡ
Ҷֻһ߷һӰӰ׹ǵ˵ͷϱ˳Ҷһţ߷˳ȥ
Ҷס˰׹ǵ˵Ԫʶֻɨһ£漴͵õԼҪϡ
ƾЩħӰ׺Ҷһ˹ȥ֮̾ͷճ˻ҽһҶû¡
ټ棬һŻһ㣬ʮ׳ʿ壬ʮò׵Ůɾһ
ţȻ˵Ҵħˣƴµħ͵վ׹
ΧŮɽϵʿȻҲҲһ漴һƬӰĺһƬۺɫĹâ֮ˡ
ͷٳӭӣѾˡſڴλãҶվڣ΢ЦؿԪħУϼġ
ϾûãȻ㴳ˣ
˵Ҷͷ˰׹ǵ˵ͷ­ȷûʲôá
ħؿҶеͷ­漴һЦûлش⣬кȻһۺɫȣ͵ضҶҡһ£һɷۺɫ޾񳱣Ҷ˹
ĵĶҶָᵯǰȻһŹݵĻ棬ӿķɫɻһ֮£ճ˽ٻң׷¡
ħŵؿҶֶΣһٻɽ
Ȼվ˫һ֮£ȻӿһŻɽҰĳһɻɽ֮ɢ˿ֻȻ֮£һȼڻʯҶ͵ײ˹
ɽƵɫĻ棬Щں콻ӵĻ֥ݣȻǰδеҺˣЩͬСɣǵ񶾵ĵĶ
¡Ҷ̧ҡһ£жȻһֻƣһӡɽ棬ɽȻһ㵭ɫ˪ž˵ϣ۳
ħܣҶʳָһ̧ǰһɫСȽȽڶ𣬽˿˿׽ɫĵơ
Сө㣬Ȼһٵವһ¾ħǰһ¾ڡ
ħɫСһٶȾͿþˣѾֱüޣһ޾ĸɷ֮Ľڣĸ˳
ʱͲҽһȫ˵Ҳһ㣬Σ۵һ˴ɵѪ׳ʱή
ħܹ˶ʮ˸Ԫնʮ˸ԪɲЩ׽ŮɣҶһȴǽеԪͬˣҸײѰ֮ĸиھи֧顣
֮ܵġȻ֮ңħ۵Ѫ࣬ήҵص˵ϡ
ܣΪʲôܣҶ˹ȥһŲ̤Ĳϣһסɢ漴Цʮλֳأһɡ
ͷħ۵һһѪƴЩճյŮ񺰵
ʮòŮЯһ糯Ҷ˹ҶַһƬɫƹ͸סˡ
˻ҪǻôûйûƷζûеߣǿɾ̫ˡҶЦһŻѪеħŸô̷һòеģ㡭
ߣħ
ҾӦ֮ǰҶŰ׹ǵ˵ͷ­㲻
ħֵʮλֵܶڱ֮бչأ
лˡҶ̧һָħҽûзͱ𵴳һƬѪ
ڽƹ֮еЩŮļʮָ˺ţƾγײزֻǷ˴
Ҷüͷ΢΢һ壬̧΢΢ЩòŮңңץһѣץһ˿Ϣ֮󣬺ԺȻһֱɫĹ֣һȻһ졣
ǧٵͬʱסʮ֮еŮЩ羡ϸ緢˿״
ʮճմŮȻһ𣬷·ˮȪͷɢ˿˿ƵķۺɫлϸСԭаֳ˻ҵڵĽƾɢȥʱ𽥱Ҳָԭеİģˡ
ЩŮɾ̵عڵϣãȻţʮЩħץٰΪɵѵʶ
Ҷģ漴ҡҡͷֽһӡһΪλӰȼѳ壬ⲻħ٣ʿĥδǻ£αִ⸱Ƥңȥȥ
һףԺɳǵͷϣϴӵͷϵħ
ҶһӣڱһׯǾ˳ȥ
Ԫʣʮ϶ֵܶҸɱˣ޶ԣ


536 ǳԪ
ҶĻ䣬Ȼоһɾ˹
ǰһڣһͨɫǳײ
ɲ⣬ת˲
¡
ǿͨڵǳ˾ѴСʵʵײҶСλá
꣡ҶСλóһӣѲɢ˿
ҶͷһԼ˿ڣЦһ漴̧һץѾ䵽֮С
Ҷ΢΢ҡһ£ֱϿһѺ΢΢ȣɫߣȻ漴ãס۴Ѿ֮С
ö۴Сɬ޹⣬һľͷһ㣬ȴǳģһǳƴ
ȻһĿǹٿȻ֮зɳһɫӰֻצݺݵץš
֪ļһó͵Ϯд̵˰ɣҶصȻ̧һָӰĶͷϡ
Ӱڿз·סһ㣬ǵĽɫ̹֮˳ή
ҶһᾢеķȻسȡ˳
ߣ
ԶıкȻһ쳣ǿҵĲֳе𾪡
ǳԪʮԪħıÿһǳƾѴСʵȴһǳ֮ƾԪɸˣֻҪôһ£Ҳᵱ飬ҡ
ҶȻƾӲһǣץӬһץסƷ
ŭǳ飡
ҶΧǳһһǳ˵Χ˹
ƣҶָһգһȭңңǳײ˹ȥ
һ죬ǳȻ֮УȻҵҡһ£漴΢
Ҷλٵ裬Χӵѹǳһ⾡һȭ𱬡
һʹض׼Ҷңңһѹ
Ҷͷ͵һȫµľ˿꿦ˣ΢΢
óصѹʮǳĺְҶ΢΢һ
ЩħĴ֪ɼ˶ǳҹͣǳ֮ÿÿһ֮ǳͻСһȦܶȾͻһȦ˷֮󣬲ŽЩǳԪгɣʹЩ۴СǳԪſŶӵϾʮֵƾ֮壬ҲֵסǳԪһҲ֤·ӡ
⴮ǳԪֻҪٱչһٰʮ֮󣬾ܹԣױ仯ΪħͷܹжݼӵϴÿֲЩħõ෨
Щħͷܹǳ֮Ϊ޼ԶԶѰҲ֤ľ֮ˡ
ʮԪħ֮еŸڱ渺ػ֣ȴҶǳԪҲˡ
ḥ̂ȡҶ漴һ˫ȭ趯֮£ڰȭӰͬʱ˳ȥ۳һ˶״һ¾͹ס⴮ǳԪ顣
գҶĽɲǼת˼޵ľأ֮Ѻۡ
һֻڰ״ֵһץס⴮ǳԪ顣
ôܣŸħӶҪ˳ˣǲŵؿҶȻܹһȭǳ⵽ʲôȭȻ׺ݣ
ΪʲôܣǺǺǺǡŸ׳աҶһЦذȻ˾ŵ⡣
飡ŸħӦΪݣ־ͼзסҶͷһȭ
ǾǿķͷҲ񵲲סҶ⿴ƽƽһȭһ죬Ÿħϵķ׶δ˥ȭ澶ֱغھŸħˡ
飡ŸħʱʵʵһȭȴûԤеѪɢĳǴؾԭأ˫ĿţǿУѪ
Ҷ˹ȥ̧һץ֮£ϸ̽ķѸٴ֮˳ʵĽɫҺ壬ԴԴڳȡ˳һճĽɫ򣬾ŸħήҸɱ쳣ɫ
һǳÿһĴָС飬һǳأܹʮ˿ţһ˶֮ʣֻһ֮ɱǿֲľˡ
ãã޽ٽɾһֱûƷһȴǡܹҵ޽ٽˡҶЦ⴮

Ĵ֮С
˵λҶȥ˸ô죿̨µһٿʵ
Ĵ֪֮ͣԶȥҲͰˡüģ޺޵صЩħ̵ħͷƽţ֪˶ٵӣǴܹħ̣Ҳȴһ׮£㻹굤ʲôĻɱħ̵ħͷ赲ġ
΢΢ͷԼǣֻǴ˼ȻӵΪβǿأ
̾Ǵ˵Ŀֲ֮ľΪѾԲ֮ˣҸ˽Ҹ˲²⣬˰˳Ǿ˼ġ
پȵ˼ģ
ɽ֮ϵλǴ˼ġڵЩǸԶ
䡣
ԶʺȻһϸСľ⣬һӰѸСƮƮıǰ
ڳеŮʿɫ΢䣬ʱ˴ĻӰ˸ݣʱסҶ
ҪҡҶӰһڹŽƮƮǰֵʮԪħȻ
һ֮£ʮˮײ˵ˣʮħڵδɢȥΪɱǰģֻĿײУ޲̳Ҷƴһһ㡣
ǰڷһʮԪħ壬ʱĿɿڴŵؿҶ漴Ŀŵ⴮ǳԪ顣
첻ؿʮˮײģβŵͷѣǻҪϸ֤һвŮӱʮħͷٳˣҪҵǵ䡣
ҲãҾͶҲˡҶ鶯е˵ͷʾû飺ʮħͷڵɷҳȡֻ˼䣬֤ˡ
漴֣ԱʮŮ˹ʮˮײĶ̧ȥˡ
ĳҪ飬Ҷ漴طŹɴʶʶ֮ˡ
ǳԪ顭ǳԪ鶼ˡ΢΢Ϣһǿ԰еķ쾪ͷãã벻ԪħǳԪ飬Ҳ䵽˵ֵʮԪħǲˡ


537 㻹
ûٳɣʮ㻹굤Ҷҽ㻹굤÷ڸ
Ůԣһ㻹굤Ѿ㹻ˣʣµ㻹굤Ҳб޻
Ҷŵеоɽ֮еĽء
еʱֲɼ˺ܶ滨ݵӣ͸Ҷ
Ԫ칬ħ˼ʱ䣬ʵﻵŮʿ֮Щʿǡ
õ㻹굤֮ҶһҲͣطصŮ֮УŮ֮󣬺֪ɴƮôˡ
֮УһȻ˯еŮз˳ͬһ·ƮƮҶǰ
˯еŮ浾ᣬգӢдһ־̬һıҶסİ
˯ѵģҶ֮ʯĳ಻ɵΪ֮Ȼ
ŮɴᣬƮ浾еӢˬŮӶе䣬ȴҶͣ⼸ζޱԼ
ıҲǱȽԵģҶΪܹƵסŮھɸĴ巳ˣֱӾͷɽ֮ˡ
֪䣬˼ĹϵƺһһɱţһΣյĵز
Ҷ漴һе㻹굤㻹굤˿һɵĻƢ
ࣵһ죬ѾһĲŮϣ˿һ֮С
Լһɼľ񲨶ӰԼŮԪʶϿ˸ֻŮüһ㵭ľâеһҡҷ㻹굤𲽹룬ŮüǵƮԪ齥ʹʵ
ŮԸңڱڤ׽֮ǿԼһʶʶɢ֮Уĳɢؼ䣬㻹굤Ҳ뽫
ŮĺüҲ΢΢ƺҪ֮Ѷһ㡣
ɫҩֱϣʱƣɢȫ¡
أƷлԪ鿪ʼɢ
ҶԼоʶ֮ĳģһ׵Ĵ˿һɳˮӴʶʶ
áҶ漴̧һֻһסŮԪ飬ȻʼӴʶ
Ůһ쳣ǿҵʶϢȻ˹Ҷ㲻Ҫұļ䣡ֱӷŹˡ
ҪȰȹס֮˵Ҷ˵ͷ漴û
ҺһʶֻһɱӡļѣǶԺǿʶҶҲʲô
Ů֮˹ֻԪȴһֱδָ
ŮǵϿպȻ䣬ԭյгƣգ޹⣬ɫʱͰݺ۳ң򵶽
ʲôˣȻܹ֣²ɵؾȵͷżѹŮ
ŮʿǾʧ룬±ߡ
޷Ҷڵ߹ң㻹굤ĵҩΪݣֻҲ⣬ʲôֻһ֮
¿Ҷ飬ҲɵΪۣ֮漴ֺݺһѣݺݵصǲǺˣ
죡㵱𣿡ҶЩЦá
ߵɽеһˡ
ᡣҶ§ס֫ЦֻǳָɵԪ칬ȡĶѵҩ񻨵ӡ
ȻԪ칬¾ȵؿҶ
ţŮ֮ȥĻʹȡҶͷīǦƣһ쵰Ȼҵ鷳ܷŹǡ
֮¡¡ƲƲд¡¡𵴣ּ˽޾𵴵ͷĿѣ
žһ糤ìѿգҶݺ˹
ƣҶһȭìϣһȭͽյ𱬻촷ۣƾ޾ͷԵغ
е֮УԼһöۻĲصĴڣΧױٻ𡢺˪ľɽ۶˷򣬽ذ
Ҷͷĺڷڿ֮΢΢Ʈ֮û˿η塣
ҳɾ޽ٽ֤ܹηηβ
ҶһЦżգֻƺŭˣһִİ׹͵˹̺ɵķ޲һ½ɱ
һ׻Ǵ׻Ĵ򣬸һӴһƬˡ
úãҵĴ򣡡Ҷָ׻һ׽ɫĹ˿䵽Ż֮УĻ澡˸ɾ
׹ٴ˸һִɽľľ޴ľɫӡ޴߰һĴִıɫ¡¡سҵ
ҶƤһ㣬׽ֻ֮Žߣҷĵµ޲ľѡ
ҶȭӲΧе֮кȻһš
ԼĶ߲ͣػص׷ţּķ֮¡¡ڶ
ãоȻħҶݣħҲã޽ٽȻΨħ˳һ٣ڵҵմɢ
ҶĿڿжĬһһϾɫغͷϣ򾧹֮кһŶĺҵҲȼյƤ죬ŵҲһִɫīĺʷ
ĺٻ䷢תͣҶһɽһ㣬ͣعĶһ˶ĳݽȻȻը˿ǶĺҵȼյҶȫ졣
Ҷڵ෨ҵ֮󣬽ֱҳһ࣬ҳһţǧ˿Ƶķۣж˷
磬˼޵˯֮в֪޻˻ҽֻ˯ĸоͣĥҶľ޲Ҫú˯һܹ̹
ҶͷһȦɫİ׹һȦɫף⻤סԪƾĺҵʴգ޷κΡ
򾧹һ˿ĥ֮ؾӨ͸
Ȼ޽ٽһ֮󣬾ħٻ𶼲ˡҶͷƣ֮⣬΢΢˿
򾧹ըѳѺۣ漴ָֻʮǧٴΣϨЩٻʷס


538 ۵
еƽɢȥҶֱ
Ů۾˴ӿҶ˸
ѹˡҶƣش
ŮվˣҪְҵⳡ
࣬ѹ˾ͺáҶúõаɣԺҪսʱһαԶŵļ䣬õ˺ôٰɡ
ŮͷɫѵԶż֮Уһ屦ﻹвϹͨȡ˵
ҶȰ˵еֶҲֻǳɶѣŮڱﲻ٣һʱ˵
һɱҹļ֮󣬽֮еԴ𣬽Ůǵⶼ֧㹻ΪɾˡҶҲΪܹȻȡرء
ҶҲǱεĽΪһνʵ˲ٵ֮ͨǳ
ԴӽŮ֮ԭҵȴǱ浾ˣһʼҶΪȻʱһ֮ŮӽҶоЩˡ
ŮԾ˺սҲֱˬнü֮ţӾȻģʵΥıˡ
ˡҶ漴㻹굤ãⵤҩܹϵҩͬҲܹʹ˶־屾Ҫߵ֤ͨ·Ťӣǽ޵ȴҲˣ
Ҷ漴һƹһ·ȥ
˴󵨣׽뱾ȥŮס
ҶóƵǹҵơ
ǹơŮһʱϲæԭҶ˵ˣҶĹҵˣ
ʱ˿̵֮УȴǱ࣬ᣬʹָյ֣ڳʿﲻڵ˿֮ڶԼŮɢ֮࣬޲ףɽʤķ緶
Ҷдʱںһλ۵
ǰʤѩ£ͷɢ̤ľ죬һκʿɣкȻڹĺȻһ೤īɫѣʵľƹǣԿ׭ģͼһչɵķˡ
ǵʼȻʼϸ˿ȷڽڸ߿
ֳһֻСģƵĹһ죬һƵ̾Ϣҡ
֮˭֮δΣɿ֮ڤŰ˭ܼ֮Ω󣬺ʶ֮ΩʱΪϣαλ
ȴֱĵף·һѧ֮ʿǻ֮飬ȴ֮뱯ߣ¶¼š¿ࡢޡ뱯Ҷл֮䣬·ڻϣ̣ǰˣ󲻼ߡ
ԭʾŸ裬û뵽ɽ֮Ҳ˻ᳪ
䱯ȴһְȴֲò˾֮⣬ΧΧڶŮŮӣŮپ¶ʹģȻһѾǵ֮Уʹơ
һƵش˹
ᣬã缤ηɣʯǣ
ɢҶ쳣ӨȴǴһֽ֮⣬ڶŮһ֮£ָ˹ˡ
Ѻͨѧʶα񡣡ӷеīɫѣҶ
ѿҶҲ˳һڣҲµòѱȻǴսʱڷʿˡ
αһ˦һЦԼǣµȷսʱͨġ
ҶҲͬͨŴͨȻ֮ͨǱȲͨģҪԭͨʱƽ⣬գԶԶ߲ͨΣͬ¡
һ۽ǣֵʵҶ֣ںε۵һȴˡ
Ȼ䣬ҲҶˡαЦǲѧţܹҵʾŸ裬ҲǾ˼ˡ
ˡҶֻһ񣺡ǰݷʵʡ
Ҷ̾λѾ֮󣬱ʮָǿӣԪͷȴ࣬ʧ֤ĸ⣬˼ȥ㻹굤ãֽһ
ԭҶҲˣ
ҡҡͷҶѣҲûа취飬֪ոճӤŵζͻ׽ų𣬱Դһ˯ѣͬӤһ㣬ԶУȻѾѣԪͷѾմȾ֮ǱеĵӵҲˣλֻ֤¡
˵û˵ȥˡ˼ѾǷǳȷˣһķȷԴڡ񾭡µ徲֮ΪϣŮ֤ȴǡǡ෴
ԭˡҶɵüĵ굤֮ܹ份ѹѾǺܲˣҺףȻˣҾ취ˣ˷ҶĳʵڽŹˡ
ҶǱҪ˿һЦ
Ҷ֡һԵαȴǿڵ㻹굤ȻܹͷȴĵҩУҪƽҲ¡Ҷѻȥ֮󣬵ǲľ֡
ԼǡҶλ徲֮ĸسɾͲļȻ֤ͨ㻹굤ΪɵƿȴҲ޿κˡ
α쿪ڵѿħͨҹ۵־ֹҲǴ˼ġ
ҷ֮ʱ˼Ѿսʱսһͳ֮ͨѹӰټҡҶǣΪͨԼӡͶ˼ʳѧķųɾ֮⣬һӦӰټҵ伮Ҳ
αЦֲˣ˲ѧţĳ硣
˶ǲѧţһ۵˵˵̸̸֮£оͶ֮⡣
λǧ֮ĵαһȣ漴ڵҶ֣˼еġ
ҶѾ˼ʳ֮УҪ򣬷Ҫ䣬˼пʼϿ볯٣֮ɭϣܹǵ֣ףѣҪǵҪԵɡ


539 
Ȼộα˼Ƭ̣̾лĻһҪ˼ȥԡ
ܳ룬ֿҪġҶһЦƱһеģʡ͵ĵƣҲǷ˺ܴ
зִ硣αͣҡҡͷ
кȻʢԼһѤĽ𳵷ɹͷͨİźİΣŽ𳵻ط
Զһ֣һĺŴƿİٻϣֱ䵽˹ǰĹ㳡ϡ
ҶԵظоαɫЩá
𳵻˳Ŵ˹㳡С
һͷڣְֳȵӢӿ˽𳵣ӿЦֱ˴֮С
ԱߵҶûվǰӢӲˣԼͷ
ɢһĪϢҶаݣɽֵ֪֮õʲôԵΪȻ֮ߣ
ûзΪֻһ˶ѡ
һղðǰӦòɣЦһ
ɫ䣺Һܽ⡣
϶ʱ˼Σ漴ñ
֣¶ܷһӣα赭дص
ûõģ֡Ŀתضǿ򾲵˶еİӣཻŻ̫ŮˣҪôҪôõģ˾ûֵĵŹţɽǲСĲҲ㲻ʲôƨ£û뵽Ȼ˵ļƷŮ󹬽ݲؽǲݡ
Ҳ٣ȵסòҶв֪Ǹһ仹Ǹһ䣬겻Ȼ˵ļƷŮ˶ôơ
Ǻǣǰ겻ѰɫѣֻѶӶˡҶʱЦеľƱˣٶ겻ˣȻǿŮĹ
Ҷ㣡ɫ΢䣬ǿҶֻɵϢ֮󣬶ʱҧгݣЦǰ̤һٺЦҶû뵽Ұɣ
ȷû뵽Ҷ˻еľƱ΢Цû뵽ǣȻҲˣ̶̰ٶʱ䣬ȻɾɣһôһȺʵСආ
Ҷ֪Ƕô㡣ǰ̤һЦڱɵ֮пǧʱ䰡ΪܹĶԹΪܹ֮һЦģϧҴˣĴˣǧķ˪ຮҲεؼס㣬ҷһʹˡ
ǾԼСˡҶЦôţǷ׼Ҫˣɵİٻᣬ㲻ôɷ羰ɡ
ȻˡЦһŮˣֻҪԸ⣬ѡҪκֶչʾƾɵΪƾȺɾ£һǿң
ҶЩЦ漴תͷһų֮ⷬŮǸ¶˼ɫ΢΢ɪšһЩŮ̲ס˼֣ҡͷʧЦĻǿˣ
һ˶ûУ㿴㣬ɣôϵΡ
ҶҽһᡣЦؿҶϹ£ҵĽֺͷµһҿԿˡ㲻
ž꣬Ҷеľͱˣ˹վﲻȥʺ
оâռȻѣһƬ粻壬Լ˿˿ߣֻΧתݡ
ҶɫȻȻףɾΪÿÿ̤һıԴ֮ͻǿ֣֮ͻģ֡
ۿϢѾ˹ȻѾɵľ硣
ãܺãڿϳˡҶ˼һΧס֮֮߳һɫ쳣ַȻҲɵɣ
Ҿ˵ˣְһõķΪʲôһֱ챣ôãԭϾȻкܴܡ
ҧгݣԹ֮ɫٺЦûҶҲû뵽ɣѾɵΪ
ҶЦɣܹɾԪɣΣǵвҡ
ЦҶǼѼһ㣬ĸɾˣƤӲĺܣڱ˵ңҵһ£ܹ㣡
ܱǸˣģ˹ɵʢᣬ֮ҶվΧһЦλ죬µȥԹǣһһľǡ
ܣһҵķ𵴵Χɽʯ顣
ıٿȻ㿵ӰٶʿͬʱӵҶסˡ
һ粻ɫȻ˹ҶסˡΧгߣһ죬СǧĿռ䡣
ҶٺЦɫ쵵Ĺסȫ£ƾεûЧ֮£ȴЦѣƺĸͲһ㡣
Ҷ㳹׵סˣҿ㻹ӲɫһŭҶģȴɴЦѣ̧͵һָ¡һΧĿռѸٱĵˮӿҶ˶
һȰ㣬ҪԼҪ˺ò¡ҶУЦٲ֣ҿҪĶɱˡ
ЦЦеϣôô㣡Ȼвң
ΧٶɼȻȻ˵ӲͬʱЦ𵴵ΧĻľ˿
Ȼ㻰˵ϣҲٶ˵ʲôˡҶһЦΧٶɣǷҪҽֲˡ
ͣҶתеͨеİ׵۽ն̧һ֮£һɫĽģȻףȴ˿⡣
Ҷס˽һи׽֮һΧĽ·𶹸ɵһ㣬иƬȻ˿
ҿҶ͵سХнȻ
һɫĽɨ֮£һһ㣬һ֮£һ죬ж˿
Χֵɫռ䣬ҲҶһɨȻ׷նΡվ˿ˡ
ܣɫȵľ֣ŵĿҶ


540 նɱ
ҶȻЦһ̧һȻλɵǰ
λɷӦٶҲܿ죬ͼ֮£˲ϢҶǰˡ
˵ķֶΣҶ漴ֻҡҡͷ
λеľƷһ㣬һչ֮£Ŀɿڴ·һ㣬˴жһϢгΡ
ζû뵽ҶȻܹǵ˵ʿ֮һɫľ⣬ʹ漴һתͨ򣬼ٵˡ
ͣҶеһٽҽ֮£λɵʱиʮƾ˵ֶٸߣҲ޷׵Ҷи֮ˡ
Ҷָһ֮£λɺȻҳ鴤ήȥһһĽɫⷨѸٵҶ֮С
ˣҶеĽȻһλϵɫȻð̵ĵһ죬ըѳѪ
ܣɵΪôɣȻᡭŵؿҶԱڶʿʧɫʮλ֣ȻҶˣ
ҶЦһ˹ЦһҪл㣬ôĽ磡
Ҷ漴ЦһζȻʮ⣬ĻӰ˸˷ʮʿֲҽбһնУһӾͻ촷΢ˡ
ЩΧŹĽߵһȭǡô𵴵Ƕãȴƫƫ𵴳ڵ෨ˡ
ָһգΧٶɷҽУӿĺֳ˳Ȼ֮ɫɫͷ׶Ŀһ֮£ΧĿռг鶯ļϵ෨£֮У򴨹麣һ㣬ɵ⻺Ҷĵ֮С
Ҷһţһھ̵ŷЦѵؿžʧ֮еּ̧е
ţԴһ֮£һ챬죬һʮȫĽʿãʱҽŻ˱Դȡ֮С
Ҷ˴γֺ˼㣬Ľʿȫķ˵ԼĲ෨ҲˣΪһ֡
ټһ֮УʣһˣվУŵؿɫȻԵõҶɫʱ쳣ľ̡
ҶŸ첲·֮⣬ʮɫ⣬תţ˷·Ѿռ֮ˣʲôҲκβһ㣬κεķҲԼһ㣬ΧԪȴԴԴϵسӿ˹
ģɵɫҰܣ˼¿鷳ˡ
ȻǸ׳գǶ棬ĵʿǱ׷ľ˺һľ磬ܹԼ˽кһ˷ԴԴãҲбףͬڶַѹơ
Ƕڳɾɵĸֶԣ˺һһ˫нҪԪͬҲҪԪ
ҶȴǷ֮ȡԪҶ֮⣬ҲʹӵеκηԪ˲
Ҷɢŵϸ⣬˸˸ԴԼĹż֮Уصһ֮д˸
ܡƴ޽ٽҶȻʧ
ٺ١Ҳô˵Ҳκβõ޽ٽҶһЦκȻһ⣬ת˲ţҷӦͱס˸š
Χһǹ˸˸һ㣬ȫƾףһһı֮£η򣬶á
µ׮ԹơҶ漴һתһ⣬ɵȥˡ
α
һֱɵ֮⣬Ҷͣ
ȴͬжĲӬһ㣬ŭţƴغҶµ಼ãƾ޷Ҷöµľȫ¹סˡ
û뵽ɣҶٺٹЦ̧ƴе޴ʱͲҵĶ֣ΪϽ֮Уܷùô
Ҷ赭дصҺķǧ๦Žֺͨķ˰ǧĿ๦ɾ޽ٽؾ¯аǧ꣬ŽɵķҪɾɡɣ֪Ҫ޼ء
˻Ҳԣ˫һ֮£վޱ޼ʵĻգŭ
ҶһЦֽ̧˷ӡȻų⣬ҫգΧĿռʱͣסˡ
ҶЦһָһ֮£ȻһʹһϷ˿֨֨Ҷһ˲Ƭȫë緢ϸϸѪˡ
һƴңһߴ
һϸϸ˹ˣҶɱңҼʦžŹ㣡һȥҶһ
ٺٺ٣վȻ㿴ҵ޽ٽһ
ҶЦͲָʦŻŹˣɱôĽˣٺ٣Ծɱ㣬ɱʦţٺٺٺٺ٣ԣҸոճɾ͵޽ٽܸܲɵԪأ
Ҷصֱľս˾ҵش
Ҷһ٣漴һ⣬һȭͳײ
žһҶֺȻǵ㣬΢ˮٵڣذסڵɷһȺ׼Ļȳ㣬ʼɵķ
о̺ɵķ򽥽ήʱе˾ĽɱһһɷҶȡ˳
ǺǺǣ൱Ҷһ߿ڵɷһ߹Цлɷ򣬴ò˶ãҾܹɵΪˣ
ҰһĿƴҶţҶҽǣ

кȻһˮĲ̵Ŀռ仯һȦȦɢ˿漴̽һֻ͸Өľ֣沼ߵ

طɳһյƣʵоУһŶĻ棬Ҷ²ƶ糱ˮһ㡣
Ҷ̧һָԼĽһ̨˫ȽȽ裬ҶееͨȻؽʵоϵĻ澡˿ˡ


541 
һɫĻգռ䶼ȼ
Ҷ̧һָԼĽһ̨˫ȽȽ裬ҶееͨȻؽʵоϵĻ澡˿ˡ
Ҷ޽ٽΧգȻͱָֻӲظ忪һ϶ֱץ˹ȥ
ƿҶһ𣬻ȭһ
飡𵱳ͱһȭը˿Ҷһݣһͳ˹ָݺץ
ֻڿлһ˼ĻȣƮƮҶ֮ǰ
Ҷһ漴Цҿֵܷܹסһȭ
ҶһԪȫͬʱɢ⣬Ȼλ磬һȭ˹ˡ
޽ٽȻˣãȻˣ޽ٽˡ
ƺ̺һ˿ָͣһһ֮֮£ѾסҶӭȭͷ˸ԸԵָ֮£ɫĻ˫֮ըѲͣΧĿռ価Ѿ촷֮״֮£ʱĿġ
ҶаоֵÿһжЩ޻һ㣬˿ţ뺣һ㡣
ȻֵѾľˣڵķųɾѾ˱ԴϾѾεؿҶ
뵽Ҷͷðһ亹ҿԼѾֶεؽԼĽɾ磬ԼĽɵľأѾ־ˣԼ޽ٽҲûá
һУ
һɺƴĻȻֱ׹ֱֱسҶµĴ֮УȻӲؽҶһˡ
ţֺֻȻֵһָָһԣ
ΧסȫµȻΣ漴һǰѿһۼѾз˳ˣδؿҶ
Ҷ˼ʸһҵɳȥֻˮһָͷ͸õɳ￪⣬ֻȫȴƶѺۣɴ˿ɼ˵ֶ֮ǹ
Ҷشӿһɹĺ
ҶʵʵصһϺȻһɫ磬һ֮£ɷתЩѺ̼ȥˡ
ҺԼڵ򾧹Ѿ׳ΪɷԼ޽ٽĻֻ±һѾǳ׷ֱˡ
㻹𣡡ҶвȻŭȻȭһ䣬ȭת硣һɲǼȭ
ȭɫ쵣⿪ʼתֻȭӰӡǣ淢ġ֨֨Ħ·еһҡҷ
ĻǴڶ
ãʮֵѵˣȻܹɴ˵е޽ٽֻȻһ嵭˽Ǵƴ֮ģɳɾͣԴ˽ƶɷȻӲ֮
Ҷע£һλһλ
ƾ޽ٽҲκεˡ΢ЦҲδܹκε
һ⣬ˡ
ԭήҵһ˿ˣǸոձҶȡȫɷԼһӾʹƶ˵䵽˹ȵֻеǷԹôҲβס
Ϊ⻰ô˵Ҷɫ΢䣬漴ʵ
޽ٽӲϾܹʤҲҡдϧζ޽ٽҪĳɾѶҪѰʿѶȴǧٱҲֹһζӶᣬվ;룬ɽ֮мˣжٷܹӶ᣿
ҶʵŶ֮ǰǷλǰͨ
һгɵģ˱֪ǹ޳֮սصĶսڳɾ޽ٽֻ֮׼ѣ˶ʮ֮󣬲ŽԼĽ׵ɵľ硣Ϊ˽׽ҲѾЩ߻ħֶΣĴӣԹޣѣΪҵ³׵Ӧ䣬˵ԼɱԼɡ
սҶüͷ΢壬߶һ֡
ǰսȷ޽ٽɾ͵˽ɵľ֮ѾκβˣȻãλϧˣѧҲк³
ԻڣòңҼȻɾ޽ٽѵҵ־ôҶصɾѶȴǧٱǲ٣ҳɾ޽ٽٲ֮嶾̣֤֮ͨ컯ɵѣκƿԿ֮ȴٻ·;мѭģƱˣһؿɲܹѣɽ֮жмλҪһһڵĳԣ·Ҫһһߣܲܳɾֲͣѵҡ
Ȼ֪޽ٽϾδ˽漴Ц˵ҲûˣɼҲд֮ˣЩԵ֮ˣֻվһҲ֮ЩҲˣСֵܣһ䣬ܷŹ޴СӣոѾɷҲǸһ㹻ĽѵˣظϾɱ
ҶЦΪβһܣ̸⡣
̾ϢҲûнֻһٶѣֻʱ㣬ˣҲܹ׽ܣǺһֻСӾıסˣֻٶ༸Ѻ۰ˣĶսĲַĲ֮Ҫɱ֮ѡ
ҶĿ⾼ؿŴ͵вɵذ̾һΣǳɱ쵰ˡ
ðɣϻ˵ˣҽҷŹ¶ġҶָָԱߵƷŲַֻǿȡҵһ˿Ρ
Ҵħģ鷳⣬Ҳ̣ǲ鷳ˡ
ҶٺЦǰѾ֮ˡ
ʦҡһֺֻȻһӣʵʵظһǶ⣬Щû˹ȥ
е죡Сӵɵķ򻹲֪㣡ɽ֮еΪˣƷ˱ӣǶ˱ɵ棡±ģϽģҲ棡
ҶģһĨԹ֮ɫħģҶˡ
˷궾ģҶɫ漴ĬȻĬƬ̺һݣ漴ͳԶȥ
ֻһԣҶ֪Ӵɽ֮еǰ;٣޸֮ˡ


542 ط½
˽κ½Ѿ಻ĩ·Ҳſӣʵ⣬˰ˣҴȥһ⣬ܷ޳ҪԼˡ
æʦҶıǷˡ
ⲻùʵ顣ֵ֮Ҷ˲ܹԸģĪȥˣǲĸӣɾҲδز䡣
дƴ֮ɾ޽ٽֳɷֶ֮Σܹ֮ȴɱ֮ȻҲд컯ҲĻȴҲѰ޷ˡ̾Ϣ
ҶҶƲƣҧгݣԹ֮ɫݺݵؿҶ漴̧һӣԲĴɽ𵴳촷ۡ
֮ͽһ̾߰ɣ㾭ܴ˽ѵҲãɵķҪҲ̫ˣһȥɡ
ҶĬĬ˿УԶȥ΢΢
£Щ鷳ˡҶЦҡҡͷ漴תԶݶȥˡ
ҶĵһλϾ޽ٽκβһλͬҲκβ
Խǿ򵽵Ķ࣬Լκ
Լǰ֮Ѿתˣĳ־ǴһĿʼ
ɾ˽޵е޽ٽʹҪе޴
ҶȥҲͷԾӦ䣬ȷص˼ȥɴƮǶӻȻŮǴĹ
ɽ޴֮еͨǲתģʮֵףҪתȥȴǺѣ޵ɻľΥԼĶˣҶҷȥԼĺ̨һѻ𣬲Ҷӵе޽ٽ֤ͨҪȥԣȴ̫ˡ
ɽе̺ͨ޽֮еͨɵͳԴͷʵѾ˹ϵˣԸⲻԸ֮ͨУҶܲţҲȥܣֻһе֮漴ˣ֮ҲѾ˽ˡ
ֻǾѺɴƮҪŵŮ֮УŮΪѪԶļѣҶָ֤·;ΪҲѾɾ۷徳磬£ò˶ãܹͻƾˡ
ƽ̳Ҵɽ֮дĲҶҶ֮УһƽɫĻתתݣˣ㰾߰˸ʱŨĲɢ˿
ƽ̽ӹ豭һСڣֻһɹ˼ŨԼθ֮ը˿ͨʮǧëը˵ˬ͸
۾һָо漴ͷò裬ɽȻ鴫ҶϽͨˣ
ҶͷŪŲΣ赭дصѾˡ
ƽ̵Щѯʵǡ㿴ŹģΣΪ֮죬ʦŶǳӰɡ
һͨɲǽġҶ˵ǼϹĵѣһҡͷ֮ʱ֮еļŹܹܶǿ̱ΪթԾûţǽ֮еλݳǺܿңһụ̂ȻѾɾ˽ɣֻһηɢɶѡ
һʱ΢΢¶ʧ֮ɫҶȴûʧ
ôһ׼ô죿üͷѯʵûʦŵ֧֣չǺġ
ô죬һηֶܲܿɣɴƮ嶼ӵɽ֮У˵ɣа취ǣƽҶҡҡͷƽȻԼĴ㣬Ҳ㣬ɽ֮УҪ鷳Ļһһѵġ
Ҷ漴ֻŲҶӷϣת漴ͳ˳ȥˡ
Ȼ֮ͨлЩ׺ѣҶҲѾǳ˶ûʲôǣҵˡ
޵ɵľǧһĶᵭѰ㲻ʲôˡҶΨһǣҵľɴƮ壬λĸ
ǶԣŮǴžʵˡþɹ￪ɣҲһ׮¡
ƽɫЩҲҶûа취ϾҶҲ˺ܶĹͣܶĻˣ֮Ѿ׵˽ᣬѾ޽ٽɷҶʵûбҪ϶๦
ϾҲΪˣҲѾ御˰ɣ˰ˡˣվǶˣûʲô˵ġ̾ϢһӦ۹ˡ
ҡͷ̾ϢһתǷȥˡ
Ҷƿ֮£һ̤֮ˣѾɸ֮ˡ
ҶԼŮǵ֮ɴûֻºݺһѣƮȴԹ
ǸŮǲѾһȣɴ˹Ŀ⾼ؿ
ʵҲΪѡһ֮ضѡҶ֮󣬸оҲЩǣǿˡ
㲻˵ܿհôɴҧЦЦؿҶڵǵҪмƲУ
ҶЩĬȻˣͷϽ˺ˮˡ
ѾͷɹõˣܹѾܺˣǻأɽ֮ǿЩҲףͲҪĥˣһжԵԵ
Ҷһ漴תɹлĸȡ
ɹɫͷţЩеǳˡ
ĸˡҶ漴ȡһ̴ֻľӵνҲΪĸ׼һݺ񣬻ĸ¡
ɹô⣬漴ЦͶˣҪſģ͵Ȱͽĸ
˵̧꣬һУֻľѾ䵽֮ˡ
Сˡɹصͷ
ɴһЦˣյ㿴㣬ˣƽЩҲãһȥʰһ£ȥɽ翴ǵ¼Ұɡ
˵һۣת漴ͳԶķǺȥˡ
ƽԴúһ·˼ǺеģҶһʼ·;ͬ˼ʱƽֻһηţ񷨻Ȩɽ磬ȴһֱڱ̵ĸڣǴĽ֮ģǺҶͬ
Ͼɽ֮Ҫ޴ӵ򱶣вͻƽдѡ񣬵Ҳ޿ɺǡֻҶȥ¡
Ҷ޳޽ٽյҲԿ֮Ҳ˵ͨѾȫˣԾԼ徲ˣЩɵ˻еĽޡ


543 Դ֮
ɽ֮У޾ǺһδһƬСԴȴǱɽḻٱ֮С
Դĵ֮гɾΪ֮󣬾ܹԴ֮У֮еʼʥõʼʥطΪͻһΪҲǲܵġ
ԴϽ粻֪жĵλãΧɽɽ罣ΧݣĿѣΧȻȴûз޶ֻоŸԲԼĪĴ󶴣֮Уһɹ״ĿնŴŴŵ
Ÿ󶴵Χɽ壬׾Өһ㡣㱣ӰĿѣԡ
ЩɽԭͨɽʯһԪͣرԴ֮ɽѾֱԴʯֻҪõôһС飬ܹƷֱԴʯҲһ޶ļƷŵر
Щӿն֮緢¶ıԴֻҪһɳ֮漴ͻᾡɢ뵽֮䣬ƺ֮УԪһӣȻݻӵиַ֮Ԫ
ֱԴͬСɣԪǴⱾԴ֮֮еģﶼǴ޵У޵һⱾԴ֮Ȼӵ˸ַԪѰʿΪвĻɼȡֱԴ֮̾ͻᱻⱾԴ׵ڻ˸ɾֻԴⱾԴܹ֮ȡⱾԴ׳½֮ûбԴƷģϽ֮еԴ֮ȴֱԴ
ΧȺɽ֮УҲвۺϱһһŵģԼڻӿţΧ̵ĵݣӤ״ţ̲ıԴ֮ؿʼɳвٵĵطȻͷ״ϰ°һƬɽȻ֪߸ݡ
ԴͷԴԴ֮ıԴ֮ʼʥǴһԪٵ֮󣬴ɽԴͷеһ顣
ݣһӴ֮ȻͷѾ۳Ϊεֵɾ֮һϯ˿Уžû˿Ӱӣһոʶûбסôɢ˿
ֻһƾ̵ϢѣʶΪǿҲֻǷ˼š
θߴͷƺԼԼһһɣƴۻ⣬޼
Ŵն屾ԴԭŴնıԴֱܹ֮ʣģϧֻʣⱡһСѣȪһ㹾ཹལΧɽ嶼ԵЩ޹ˡ
֮еѵһӦЩԴ֮ģѾȫɳĮشˡ
ǧһţǿ֮ԼɫСߴȥ֣ʮֵ鶯
һȺȺΧŵϱԴŹ󶴣ҵغɣһƵ˿УӤ״ıԴ֮ҲԼڣΪԼ
֮УԼӤ۱޵Ϊ֮顣
ЩѾӲĿ΢΢һüë漴ƽϢˡ
ıԵУ˵ˣȴǷȱǫѷأ˵ħȴָ߰񱣬ĲûеУվɺʳ
ıԴŹŶȴǽϡཹðϪȪάԴѾԶԶˡ
ʥ£ıԴѾʼݽˣĪҪһôΪ׵һλߴűԴ󶴣ɵصʹüͷ̾Ϣֹ
ǰͶԶ
ΧɳĮ֮Уȴҵɫ޽Щ޽ѵһŵرɵģȴ׭ķһξ޴ͷǣ죬ֻ쳣׳ѣ֮İһ㣬ݣɷڡ
ΧĿռȻŤɴ˿ɼ˵֮ǿ
ԶһΰʼʥյΪ˹ģ֪˶ٵϡеŵرʼ֮ż۴ٶҲǲ㹻ģҲֻѾˣ񽢣ˣΧ涫һƬһƬĸڻĮȴҲ֮⣬Լĩ֮ʵĻ
ʼʥУΧһҺ񽢣кȻоһĪķ֮⣬ԶЩݽ˵ıԴ֮иЩա
ͨ쳹صķҲԵŤת޷ĵشơ
Ӧ籾Դ֮е飬֤λΪʱȻû̫УȴǱϧԼɵ֮ҲһֱάԼУһֱ֪Ĵڡ
ʼʥȻ֮е֪࣬Ҳֻ֪ǸϵĴڶѣһֱ˲⣬ֻزūһػԼĵкͷ֪ʼ֮ŵ֮ŸӵĻ̿õȻ񸫣նͨ콨ľ֮󣬽Դ֮صԾ㻯˳γĹģȻʼԵأĴĴʵ
عһԼǾֻصɱǧĶսֻ֮оεľʷ׳ʵԼȴֻǿԼĵжѣЦԼЦ޴ϸϸػԼ˿һԪȴһĽ֮
ˣǾôԱŵǱ޴ĸͷȻһᵭ
ͷϸֳһڹ¶һĴ󺺣ǿͭɫģϾȻʼʥа˷ֵƣһ˫
įʼʥĿ⴩ֱ͸˼֮УƵ̾ϢһϸһһεĻᣬҶ壬һ˵ߵ룬лŮıϡ
ȻҲĬˣҲһĨԹ֮⣬Ȼʼʥ㻯ģһʼʼʥʮָмģʱһ֮ʧȥɵȻ񸫣ȴѾʼʼʥģжʼʥҲʮֵԹޣѾ죬ֻӦˡ
˵һиǰԼǸɱ󷥵ӣɵ֮ɱԼն˽ľ֮󣬾ѾǽԼµķ壬ֻֻذӼԪ֮Ԫ֮ĩ޷ֻֻܹ֮пѡ
˼ȥ֮£ЩԼģ˵ףԼû˺·ˣֻһߵˡ


544 ³
ŮϿУһĨѤĺһƬһϮתۼͱŮǵϿա
ƬеߵĻڣ籩һӿŮǵĴСǼɹ
Ůиոձ·̹ͨҶƬͷĺƣɿЦһ̸˵ķʽǱһ񡣡
ҶȻָʵˣҲѸգŮХһеꪻ֮£һεĿ쭽ΧչγһƬһƬƼ产ˡ
һɫףͷһɫͷ沼ʮǡ
Ůս֮£нɫľ޴սꪺȻͷһӣѾڿлӳһĹ켣Ҷ͵˹
Ҷǰһꪣȭӭꪷ˹ȥ
ŮľҶȭͷһһŵİ׹Ȼ֮䱬
һɫըΧĿռ濪ʼըѣͬʱ֮С
ŮĻһŮѾ𵴵ĵɶ֮ңҶȴԭزұ۵λôһѿʮѺۣըѿĲ
ŮҲֻǸոͻɶѣȴ֮ке̳࣬˺սټҶڸ֤;ţʹŮÿһꪳľѾԶԶʤ˵պ񶷵ͷ׻ħˡ
Ҷɾ޽ٽΪǿֻ⼸ͿҶѾ׵Ĵ⽴ˡ
ѣŮ߳һս֮£дгɽӰ§ͷԵسҶ˹ȥ
һҶܴݣϳʮѺˣҲ˿⣬ŮҲ֤·ӣǺսô˻֮£ǿɴпԼ֮ӳ̣˳ָŮһ֤սȴһõĺˡ
нľŮ趯ųɽĴꪣһ㣬Ҷ£𵴵Ҷ¼ݣһһɢ˿
ˣŮӿͷϵĽɫȴǺȻȡ֮ȴһĵĹװܵս⾹Ȼ˳ȥһӼҵĹһ㣬˼Ρ
ĽܲСȻܹ̬ת֮Ҷֻ۹ԼұۣѺһԭ˹
ɼȻתΪתʱҶȲѣŮѾ׵һ֤Ĺؼ֮ˡֻҪҶһɷοĻò˶þܹͻɾˡ
ߣƵУ˵˲Ƶĵ
ȻõµȻǽСŮɫΪ⣬˵ԱߺЦ£
ŮһᶼֱֱȥˬʣºУʱ֮ŮദľȻʮֵǢҶеΪ졣
ŮӢˬȴǹɫ㣬ŮվһһһᣬȴЩõģŮΪߣŮ֮Ҳ԰£ǰֲ˲Ĳĵط
ԶԶɴƮݺݵصҶһۣԭŮǸͷβս񣬿˵ѾֲŮˣǱ㻹굤֮ıȴǸ촷浾ᣬͨ׵˵ҲǸŮζˡ
ŮΪ֮ǣŮһֱ޵ҶҪΪҶ̳Ӵ֮еһԱ
úദһ²ôҺˡҶסŮ֫Цش
ƨˣɴݺһѣǱһûء
Ҷʱ̾ϢһпԭϾй֮ʵģ֤Ҷû취һֱװ׵ģӴͷŶûһָͷʲô֣
ҺƮ׼³ȥ׼һ¡ɴҶһۣҪԸæĻæɡ
ʲôұ͸ȥòãҶЦá
ƮһЦתͳԶɳǷȥ
ɽ֮ɴƮûŮڶͣǺ;һڸѡһˮأԼһɳǡ
˼ǵǲǵΪǳڶԴ󷿵أҪɳڵһԴɴԭⲻ˻ЦŽ͵ԼֻҪһɳѣα˷Դơ
֪ŮƢҶȴףŮڸͬʱҲֶѣɴһֱԼݣԼȨܵСսɽҲУԸסŮ֮иҶͬߣܹСĵʤԼ
ٷ֮ǰͽ̫ɸĵͳλ˳գҲȨ˴׼ɽ֮һչͼˡ
Ҷ̫ɸͨɸԶһƷΪѹãʹžɹúɴƮһɽ֮С
Ҷվڷ嶥ϣͷϵһֽƵһþòԡ
ôˣԼһسٽģɴҲ˲ˣˣסĸ첲ص½ʱҾû㿪ߣʲôծֻҪò֣һ㲻ɣ
ȥˡҶЦһڷ嶥ϡ
ɴ̧һӣΧһƬϼڵסˣ˳Ļ
Ҷںءɴָᰴüͷϣʵ׷ʲôô
ȲҪʣɹ׽ܸ֮ĶˡҶڵ֮ܶ㲻ܷģ𡣡
һҶЩͷƮ嶼Ѿɹɹ׽ٳΪˣΪʤɴ׽پȻϵڻûбҶЩ
ܹһģֻһԭǾ޵䣬ɴɽٵʱ϶鷳
ɴصͷס
ɽ֮ǰҾͱչغúһ·ĶȥˡҶ§ס֫
ӢˬŮˮ£ɴƮֳԴˣݺҶüѡ
оɹĸŮֻദ˼պҲǢֻҶŮǰЩڨڨģеĸо
ֻ½֮󣬾͸ˡ
޽ٽɹɫҶҲе㲻ԾˣдԵȻܹɾ޽ٽ
Ҷؿڵƽƽ̣ƽֲʦܹҵȥɣɾɾ֮˵ˣΪ˵ҡ
γһλƿһֱʮֵĲˬ
Ӣ˵ŮһۺɫĹװһ֮ҶȴһŹֵͷ㻹굤ĸҲȫһǴŮӦñǰŮζˡ


545 Ϲ
ԴУʼʥԴɽߵһ壬ԶԶš
Ա߷ǱȻ񸫡
˼磬ǧ쳾֮У»ᣬԹŮǰʼʥǲмһ˵ģҲµӴЩǶԣǴģȻģԴ֮е飬մȾ˺쳾֮еĶע˻䡣
ʼʥȴЩĽ
ϣʲôأȻ񸫿ʵ
ʼʥദʱ⣬Ȼ񸫼Ѿﵽ֪ĵزʼʥʲôܹ׸˾Ųʮ
ս𽥻ع֮Сʼʥڵ
عˣȻһȴֶһ˵ĸо벻˾ȻҲ˵ˡ
ʼʥ̾ϢսһԪǺպۣ񰤹һԪĴ٣ȻȻͣһԪȴܹ֮ˮϴӵԼеļȻͶԴ֮أ¿ʼ
ַ޴ܹ޳żȻΪĹעһԪѾֹȻ֮ˮϴԼļ䣬һԪķѾӡÿת֮󣬶ѭԼǰӡһ·ֻҪͰ࣬һ·ֱϣȻĶ࣬վгͷ֮ա
ʼʥ̾ϢһЩĽеʵΪ־أѾνˣֻ֮ע޷ӱܵĶֶѡ
ԼأԼһԪʹˣȻһ·Сıţżս֮ţǳϦԼǰ嶼䵱ƣֻյϣҲ쳣ã
˵ˣԼ֮Ѿ˥ܵľ⣬һԪ꣬ҲѾֲȥˣܲһһ
ս֮ţʼʥ˺ʤ֮ģʱȴеĲ졣
һŷۺɫӰһٵգϿкȻī񽫣סӰ漴ͱӰ̧һĨһ֮£һŨ֮мŵĻ㣬һӣȴЩڵǾ½һͳͳض׹˵ˣĲӬһ㡣
󵨣һںɫİӰȻ˳ֻʮīɫӰڿгˣŷۺɫӰΧסˣиһӵĳңңָΪӰ
ЩʮֹŹֻ֣ңңһָһϢ簵ӰĽô˹ȥŷۺɫӰϾͳ˽նĺۼˡ
һֻƬľֺȻ˿һᣬסЩ׸ЩӰҲƵĽ
ض֣ɡʼʥ򻨣Ϊˡ
ŷۺɫӰƮƮڵϣʼʥѾһƤ׷ݼʥ£¹ˡ
񽻴飬ˣʥڵ
Ѿ̽ˡҶ˺ƺйϵ֪ʥ£к⡣
ʲô⡣ʥɫ㣬ҶĺɫıܷŹȥΧҶȻȥȣʱסˣٲоֻסٲҲֻˡ
֮дһ֮⡣
̧һ֮£һڰ׹ķС
֮󣬶˶ٹȣλһɫ⣬

ҶƵڿи·ֱбһĲγۡ
˵ʵҶǲٸʲôϸģ񼸸̳ӷ쭰ڵļЩ־ˣԸ˺һףҲץסҶ֮ռ׺ϹŵţÿҶǰȥݷõʱôһǰ㣬ѸҶͬ¿Դϵĺܲӧһ㣬
ЩϹŶǱȽɢһ𣬹˺ɽ򣬾Ѿܹݵİ˾Ųʮˡ
ҶԼ˳ƣֻ
кȻƱɫƺѹ
̣̣ˮɫȻۼˣһټ񣬽ҶεУҶ֮ܲ£һͷײε͸棬·̵ı˳һһѺۣʹ
΢΢һ٣漴洫һһŮˡ
ףײˣոǲ˾
ʦòᣬ߲֪ײǵѵ֪ڲ׽ôײã
Ŷһ²һ£Ϣ˵Ҷʱǧŭˡ
˭ôȱ£Ҷ̲סƿڴһ˹֮£ȫѺ۶ʱֲ
ҶҲһ٣һһͷһƲ㶼شһת֮Ѿϵ֮ϣһӣһصĽɫսꪵͷ˹
ɫսü亱ıԴɵҲôǳɽ᲻ɴݶѣսоŰپʮأҶרԼ޽ٽõġ
¡ȻҶһĵڿȻͣһ£һѾ𵴳촷ۣ汬˿ͬ鶼Ҷһ˿
ޣʲôҶһꪻ󣬶һꪻ˱λá
󵨣һŶСɫȻڿȽȽγһˮɫĻ֣֮жһһŮʿʿɫЩ԰ףϵ·òȻǸոһشѾǵˣͬϵĵ۶ˡ
ʿɫЩǿɫҶΪ׵ŮʿЩƲǰڵʸոտײǰʵѾǷڲ׽ޣǰ֮ǰҪ⡣
Ůò绨ΪǱ񣬼ȻѾڵǸˣҶҲö˵ʲôֻһǻмУձм£Ͳһʶˡ
ҶĻ䣬׼תҪߣΧȻΧ˸š
ţһƬһƬסˣ֮Լֳ󣬽ȫ¶Χ˸ʵʵġ
ҶоЩ˵ĵԪطסˣʱеĴߵţɨΧеȺɱ
ʲô˼أҶ俪ڵ


546 رԴ
СӣոʦǸˣôǲҲˣһΧʦֵǶѾˣ̵׳һȦٺЦҵСӣ֪֪ѾǸˣ£еͲƱΪǾ㲻Ϊūͣ
ԱߵһʿǶٺЦոǸŮʿҲ⡣
˻Ҷʱ͵һΧеʿǣʱͷúãܺúܺãҳɵû˵ô˵ǽȴˣղһѵǾԲ֪
𣡡ҶеꪷϺȻһ̧һָǸţʴʵӣǸڵЦȻϺڹһ֮£ȫ¶ʱըѳһƬѪ߶ûкһͱը촷ۣҶûˡ
󵨣ΧƶĵӴϵ׶͵һ֮£֮˳նʱһһ飬·𱻴˾һ㣬±ɢݡ
ҶеĴ»֮£һΧʱ˸ɸɾͬЩŰĵǾ˿ȫĵƬ׷سҶ˹һӨĳһ㡣
֪СǡҶ̧һ֮£ΧеĲϾԼˣܹԼһͽԼ㣬ܹȡһЩȡһЩ
ҶȻ̫Դ֮ţоԼпܶɹһأܵ˵б޻ǲġ
𣡡ԶȻһŭ𵴵սڽڱ˿
ǳˡ
ոձΧֻ˫ͷ͹޳˹ͷҲʩչʲôǿƥֻ֫һ֮£ͻһ⣬ƵķɵҶߡ
ͷ˫޵Ĺſһ֮£ΧеĲʬͲĲ϶븹֮У漴ſڴһҶ˹ˣڡ
׼Ҷ㡣
ǡ
֪ҶؿͷŹֵſҳײ˹Ȼ̧һеĴƽƽѹͷ޵ͷϡ
ͷһϣ쳣Ӵԭ鶯ޱȣǱҶеĴһѹ֮¶ʱһǰʱֹסˣŭӴ鶯һΣĵһͭ׹֮Ȼ͵ƾԼҶһꪡ
ҶꪱͳأڼԼ޽ٽʵĸˣҲסԼһͷ޾ȻȴܹƾԼӲסˣɴ˿ɼ츳֮ˡ
ţ˼ȻܹһǣôһأҶ˵ͷ漴һӣСƽƽѹͷ޵ıϡ
ͷ޵ͷһڣɫ쵵ĹⲨ˸ݣֻ¡һ죬Ѿͱѹ˵ϣҲˣѹһԲɵĴˡ
Ҷһѹ޷˾춯صŭȴ˿ѲѹϵСѹѡ
Ӳ˰ɣ˼ҳЦ㣬Ĵ˹ⳤӲӡҶЦ˾ͷ޵һëλ֣ΪʲôҪ׷ɱأ˵
𣡡޷˵ͺΪ֪һرԴڣܹҵرԴ֮ҲǾܹܹսڻ
ԭˡҶ˵ͷã쵹ҽסˣҲһȺ׳գرԴܹԴ⣿
ҶЦһд޵ԴҲգԸ׷ңҲҿԷһ
ԴŮ֮󣬴Ӵ˾ͷ겻ֵĴꪣתɴƨɺͷ˾ؿʼңʱѪɵŮ޼֮ģսꪱҶ˳˹䵱ˣ˵ʵڻҶ뼮ˮ׼֣ϲ֪̫࣬ҶҲǱŶһ²һµԭ򣬾һЩ
ʵսꪵɱԶԶȲҶȭͷЩȲҶǱɲ񵶡
ԸԸ⣡ǿߵģʵǿܹ£ҵң޵ǺܹæͷеԸΪֻҪϷŹң
ŽйԡҶЦдꪰļǣʹһǬľС
дɫӰƵĻգƮƮҶǰŵҶǰɫ侲
ɽ֮еʿֻҪӵʵȫܹԼģഺٵľأǰ˼Ƥ׷ģȻǵľȻߵ˾ͷϵ˥ܣӰ쵽ڵ󣬲ŻΪģˡ
֡ΪȻûƽϸոպ󱲵飬ֻҶͷ׼͸ǰ̧֪ܷ֣
죿Ҷֵؿϡ֮ϼһ϶ȥǻС˲٣ǾȻƺΪǰ
֣ɽʦѾܹɹս⣬ѾԸӴ˳ʦ£ѿóͷޣǿԽʦս⽵֮գҲܹȡһϯ֮ء
ҶЦҲֻƭƭЩ֪֮ͽľ֮ѣǻմմϲ
λ˵ɫͬʱһ
ʦصΪηЦ
ɽȻɾЦҶЦ˵ɾɾΣɽֻ֮ԱֵסԴ⣬ɽƾʲôֵܹս⣿
ѲΣɣΪ׵ķʦЦ
ǲŵĻǲȥһʼʥҶЦȥһʼʥڲʲôȥɽڲʲôǾܹ֪ǰˡ
λʦŽɵؿҶ˴໥һۣ࿴˶Էеɻɵ֮ˡʱЩɻ
ҶûȤȥˣ̧һץͷ޸
ʦһ

λʦһȻһ裬жʱƱɫγ׶״ıһ֮£âնӡ
ҶķƺݣٵķƲ۳˾ħ񣬽ԼεذΧסȻͣҧҶ˸о·޻֮һ㣬˿ܲ÷ֺ
̣պƹһ״Ҷϣžһը죬ҶըһѺˡ
Ҷоü΢΢ʹһֱ


547 ˮ֮
һһĵͣҶҶΪ֮ȵǣЩ˿۵ĵ֮УȻ̲һɹȸҵĺȻɱƺҵĺȻƺҵɱľ϶Щʹ
ЩԴ˵ķȻô̲صĸ֮ȴֱԪ˵񺳶
˵֮ͨڿԪ񣬱κħȻҪֲ˵Ҷ˼֮еͷصħͷسԾʳش˲䣬ʼնҿһԭ֮ãӰԪǧٴ弯һǹɺȻκι񶼲ܿġ
Щ˼ˣҵǵ͹Ʋ۵϶ҶµͷޣԴֱ¡дꪶֻһԲȦΧһƬӴӰ·ɣꪷһ֮£Χ˿
Ҷ漴̧һ֮£ͷѾСһŰƴСƮƮ֮ˡ
һ֮£ٴγֽħҶСѾγһ״ģչҵؿ쭣ײ˹ȥ
ԣһɺƴĿ쭼𣬷汻ϵĴײķɳ֮Զ
дͷϸϸˣֻ»鷳ʹ˽ǻɱˡ
ˡҶеĴꪻһԲȦ漴ֹЦҵǺ뿴϶Դ֮ſ֮Ǹϵƭʱģ
˵꣬΢΢һ٣ವһ»һϵ磬ͷ˳ȥ
ֻλ棬ԭ˶ѣɫһ㣬վԭء
ɽ棬ʼʥȲˣܿº˵ԼȻܹɹԴأ
ҶԺкȻʼʥģòɽ϶ʼʥɣĻܹͻͲѽˡ
޵֪綼챾Դ֮ÿһԴ֮һγɵ磬һ֮Уд濪ɣϣ˵ı׽֮׽֮ױԴ֮һµĵͳ
ԭˣһɽµͳɽ֮½µͳһһഫҶȻ򣬵ͷ
ҶͷȥҲգҵĵܹһҲǺõģԴôһ£
嵱ֻռ˾ŴԴѣŴԴ֮ء޵ʼʥռĿľΪܹܳ㹻ֵԴѣܹõЩԴ֮ڵķ򳹵תǱԴɾҵλôɾͨˡ
ҶҡҡͷνˣȽԴ֮˵ɡ
ˣСĽ飬ȥˮ磬౾Դ޵Դˮˮ֮һԪ֪ռ˶ٱԴ˫޵ĻڵķתΪԴ
ζȻһƶವһ·˹ȥ
ǺãǾȥԴˮ֮ȥɡҶڵ
˹ǳ˼ʶСǰ·æӦǰٵ·
Խ֮Ҷһտɫλ֮Сڽλʱ򣬺ȻоǰһŨ֮֮һմԼоЩˬʹ֮ƺһݵŨ֮⣬ͨ嶼ˬ
Χ˶У·һڶһ㣬ܹκη
Ҷһؽľʼȡеˮ
ľõˮ̲֮£ˮľִͬһ֦ɢգʼ̵ˮ
Ҷһˮ֮Уʱͱˮ֮ˮȾȫƮƮģƺҪ̾ڻ̲֮һ㡣
ϲı̳ӿУּһȴִһ޷ݵ¼֮⡣
ľսһԴڶڵˣˮ֮ΪߣѾ˰ɣ
ֻԪɵΪҶֻһ֮Уʵ
Ϊʲôֵʵ
ˮ֮ıȷأܹ㷨ΪԴƿȴ㡣Ҷҡҡͷ첻㣬ʧ
ˮ֮ҶҲһ򣬷ԴȴͬˮɱԴѣ֮Իת䣬ȴǺ㶨ģκһ޵ֻҪ㹻ʱ䣬ܹķԭΪԴ
ֻڼķѵʱ̫
ˮ֮ȴ;߱˵ı죬ܹ෨תΪԴȴʧ֮ᣬƿȴ㣬ͬԳΪ
Ҷڵ̺˷ķǲתΪԴڼʱ̫ʵڵȲôãһζĹ⿿ɱ¾Ӷȫеģµ̫ˣʱȻԼܹԱֻԼҲҪ䡣
̳ˮ֮УԼˮˮȵȽƻûɵħҶ־ʹɢ˿
ĽƣҶɵػִһ֣ͽƿˮ
һ·նضὫҶ׾ٵش˽ƣһλĵλá
ǰˮǳһɾӨˮ𡣽һ䶷׵˵ǰ˿
ߺˡȻܹҵˮһ˹
Ҷ鲻Խһصö
һ˶Ȼˮϳ측ˣ͵֮жһɫװľɫŮ
Ҷˮ֮ҶǰһŽˡ
Ǵ˵еĶսŮ֮Уƶ˹һЦѹܹҵı򲨣Ҫҵˮ֮ԴȴҲô׵һ飬ˣ
ףҲ̰ģֻҪһѡҶЦЦڵԲԽκεӰˡ
ˮ֮ЦյĶսһﲻϾͶɱ˵ģӲκι˼ɣתٹ֮ôȴûϢأ
ˮ֮תٻҪûһǹ½˪ĴĥҶûзݣҲ˿ŭ
ˮ֮һһĨ֮⡣
һõЦ쳹ռ䡣
ˮ֮ӯǳЦһˮҲҪκεӰ죬ֻҪܹңܹ⴫˵еˮ֮Դ޽ٽ
ⲻ̫ðɣҶЦãڽٶ֣Ǻǿʲô𣿡


548 ߵ
սжս֮ѵôһСŮӵսôˮ֮Ц˷ˣ˵ˣԴ֮żܹס˵أȻˣҲûʲô˼ɿˡ
˷쳣Ƕҡȫ鶯
̲˾罣ˮӿĺ罣һ㣬մȾƤϾ˺һƬƤ⣬ʵ׺ݡ
Ҷ̧һָͷϵľ˸۶һۣԼȫ¶ƾΧˮӿȴ˲ֺëΧˮ罣ɫĦѹȴǸ˲á
Դ֮еˮ͵˼㣬ݻ˸ˮˮˮˮ۵˲˼ľأΥˮԭĶ˳ˡ
ˮΪᣬ˵ǽ˿ĶҶˮ֮УΧ
Χһлʱռתû
쬣һ㵭ĺڹ˿ռ䣬شռϱڣҶüġ
Ҷƻ̧һֻһһãôһϸ˿ľɫ룬Ѿ֮С
īǣ˸һĽ沼ϸϸƣһ˿
Ǵ˵еĶսһЦŮ
ˮ壬ҵﾵȴóһЦ
Ҷ޻˵ĬȻƬ̵Ȼɱң޷ңǲʹգȡһˮ籾Դ֮˵ʵҶĳʵڲǿոն־ѾԸˡ
ˮԿһֳ̧򢣬Цˮ徲֮磬µͳ֮󣬾ͲڹЩˣҶѣͻҵĹҲʸˣǵΣ
ҶĿɿڴŵؿŷĿ̹ǵĽ
Աߵ°ͼڵϡ
Ҷɫø
ˮ֮뷨ô򵥣ˮ֮Ϊ֮ԴҶɾ޽ٽȴΪյڡ
˵Ҷ޽ٽˮ֮һĪոˮֵ֮ʱʵѾطˮˣƴһλıԴ֮ˮܹ֮ϼꡣ
㲻һ̫ôҶεؿЦ
Դ֮Ųٸʱˡһ˫źֱۣסҶĲһǣԴһ֣ؼ綼ɢֻҲסˣһ̫˳ˡ
ǳڼɻԵʣս֮Ŵʱ򶼱ΪԴ֮ţսҲ֮ΪԴ⡣
ǵߵˡҶЦһöսηηˮ֮ȴͱˡ
ˮ֮ݸһЦ
ҵŮˣҾ;䡣Ҷѩ°ͣҪһ䡣
ҾŮˣ벻벻㶷սԵֵճ峺ˮңҸ㱾Դ
Ҷ̧漴һָͷϵͨ콨ľ֮Դ˽ϣһƵɫľɢ˿Ũۺ񣬲Դһ㣬ŽؿϺȻһصɫĻȼͨͨؿ
ˣһΧӿ˶ͨΧˡ
ˮλ֮еˮͣһɾ׹λ档
ˮλ֮еˮ쳣Ļܵɷ籩ǣ֮£͵ˮҲӵ޷ƻյĿռ䶼˿
޺ǵضܵԶԶģҿˡ
кȻ˺ڰɫĹ֣գһһ¾鶯һ㡣
ãطֿˣһŮվŮκ֮ɫˮһ㣬һֻˮɫĲۣЦӯӯ
Ҷ˫Ѿ˻粻ģ·ĺڶһתݡ
ոһ˫֮Ҷڵķ֮ˮ֮ıԴ֮£ѾתΪԴ֮
ҶЦһվظôԼҵЩ̳ǽ
ոˮ֮һˮ齻֮£Ҷ˫޵ͨתеֲˮ֮ڵȱɾŮ֮ˮ֮Ҳ˱ԴˮϴеķԪʹܹһ㣬΢ʶӲһ˫۾
ˮ֮ԭ峺һ̻֮Ȼûյĳξ˼鶯͡
Ǻˡˮ֮һĨۣǺڣҾ
˵źڣҲġҶҡҡͷסϸ׵󣬵ֻĻȥˣ㲻ʲôԺ˵ˣҪһ䡣
ˮ֮¶һ˿Ц⣬Ȼ̧һټ֮£ˮ֮кȻڶ裬е֮С
Ҷɣˮ֮ȻȲԴʼʥǻмּҵ׵ģЩ͵ҵļױˡˮ֮ǰʱ䣬ʼʥңҪҽˮԴߣܴӦҽԴһͨ콨ľҲ㣬ÿ壬ʼʥҲ޹˼ɵġ
ʼʥץùҾͲˡҶɣЩԴԼ֮С
磬ҵҲ֪طǲһȥˡˮ֮¶һ˿ƤЦݣҿɲҪ뿪㡣
û⡣Ҷɫʵһ£ʼʥնϵͨ콨ľʲôط
ˮ֮˫Ȼ壬һĨɫĹޡ
˼õʼʥնϽľ֮󣬽ľķ֮شʼʥд󲿷ֶʼʥѹԴ磬һС䵽С
ֲãǵȥҶЦһ
˵λһƵĵˮ⣬׵Լռ֮С
Ҷͣһ£ɴûжɹ׽٣еĵ飬ҪȽɴ˵ˣ鶼ѺʱԼڵԴ֮֮һȡһֵıԴ֮ȻͻԼľ硣
Ҷһ·ٵϿ֮УԶԶؾ͸оŨŨɱ֮
֮֮Դκʿﶼ˲𵶱ͷ
챾ԴԻữһ磬챾Դǿһĳ̶ȣҲữһ磬˵֮УӦħ˵ģ˼֮еɷѪھŵ֮УҲᵮħ
ħΣħǣڴˡ
ʱΧѾһҺɫڵסˣֳɢҵģʱʱ˺
Ѫɷ֮֮Уִ˵ʹధĳģ˿˿ҡ


549 ˿
ҶĿɨӵһ̣ڵͨ콨ľĺۼ
Ѳ̫ŵϾȻѪͳô
һֳһִڵͷȣ趯һŴظ͵ĺһţһɫ˿Уɱѽѷ֡
Ʋϵַȴ쳣һʱ侹Ȼɱýڽڰˡһ㡣
˥ȻһλԪɾĸˣҲֻһ֮ңѣµķǿ֪ˡ

Ͽյķ֧һֻյľֺȻӭɫĴ֣ڷһһ֮£Ȼ˿һ󶴣ҶӿƮƮ
綼ףɫ΢䣬Ȼһӣһڰ׽ӵķȻɳȥ
ҶһƮƾǰȻӲƾסһǻ綼׵ĺը
ΧΧʿʿǷ׷ͣ쳣ֵؿҶ
֪ѵĻ綼׵ģ֮ʼʥɼؼ֮֮ƶɵġһը֮Ծ
źڰƹķҶ棬漴ڰ׹Ȼ˷ԲĶһŻ
飡һ챬죬ҶѾը˳ȥ
꣬һ죬Ҷ綼һը̾ͱһŻסˣҶ޽ٽ֮£ֻһĻ֮¡ŷݰĻ׷׻ɫ쵣ǶȻԭԪɢ
ѵ࣬쳹أҶը̻ͷѤá
תۼɻ;ӷ˳عؼ䣬ҶֻǶѺۡ
ɢҶ˿ڴǳѵĺۼЩѺ۴ͬƶСͬ΢ȥĿģ
Ļ綼סҶʵʵصһҳɾһ֮£ֻҲˡ
ɱǰֻ̫רųġ
¾ҶˡŹչģڵ
ǡҶüΧɱˣɵؿڵͣΣ
Ȼԡѵô׷ŹɲУǴԶһⲻܾô׵ķȥ
ǰ㵽ʲôҶüʵ
ҶѣŹΪԶһѵ֪Ҷܷӭս
ȻҪԸұһҶЦһ漴бİɣ
Աߵӿһɻ׵ĹУϸشư׷ԲԵ
ǰѵıȴʮֵֵ֣ȴʿǰģһݴݵģֱƺѾ֪ĵϸרųһ㡣
ԼĽѾתΪԪɷ֮ҶľΪվѾܹļԣľˣѹŹֵı
Ҷо裬漴תһ֮£ԼȻΪҲδܹԼɱˣһ̵ִĵˣҪһڰĵǿöࡣ
ѵµòǴ˵еġ
Ҷ͵һɿȣĻѵʵβֵȷµģһ󷨣֪ҶѸҲҴһ
û⡣ҶȻ
æסҶ֣ôܹ
ûʲôҶ󷨶Դһֻ䵣£ƴһģ󷨾ĹԴô
ãҶ֣ǿ޽ٽ˼򣡡
˿ɫ΢䣬ȴûԥȻй£͹Źֵصһ٣һɻɫ֮Ȼ˿仯ǳһУƺּĺڶһӶ֮£йȺȻֽⱬ黯һǺӣ쵴޼תۼͽҶ˶סˡ
󣡡
ҶЦһɵ̤֮С
ս֤հǰ˺οƶս
·ĻѾ㵹һ㣬бʳģһŵĻңƬ硣
Ϳ񱩵ĿռƬ漴ƽ˷ҶоԼ·һ·ͨһֱֱϣԴ֮һ㡣
һƵĺӿ׹ƮƮͷϣƣͷţԲϾԲһ㡣
ҶǰȻģƺһ㱡ɴгƵǺӣǳԣչֳ˵Ĺ켣顣
ΧϸСУ΢ڵƺͬ߶ȥˣÿһϸС΢һӰڼԶ֮ڼ
֮Ĳп֮ˡ
ҶƺѾиоǿֻ֮׷߻صХź˺ѷΣ̲סҪСҲ԰һ㡣
Ȼ˻ϸˮƴ˿ķۺɫĻ꣬׷£ڵ˵Ŀ
ķۺɫĻ׷£ƿշеƿ
д˴˿һеˣƼϸ೤ȴּԶԶ಻Ϣƺڲ֮䣬ѾĸסˣΪ֮Ѷ
Ȼ˿Ի㡭Ҷ΢΢һԼ޽ٽκɷĺȴΨרŶԸԪĶ˿
ΪѾԪɵΪѾܹӴʱ䳤ӣ֣ܹ֮Ҷǧֻʱ˿ƣסʹҶڵħʹԼһΪΪС
ҶӦǰĳ֮ԼѾһͷ׺ƺһĻ֮ˣΧССĻԹľǧʻŭţӯǣѤöĿߵ
ͷȴǳһƵĳӣ֮УӰǧ˿Ƶ̹˷˹ҶԪ¾סˣԼԪ棬ҲӡЩƹ˽һ𣬱һһʴš
Լò绨Ů裬ЩŮӸòȴȻޣϤԹҶе쳣Ϥģĺڶ֮ԼϸСŮӰз裬ͣطٻٻҪ׵Ļ
ľЩŮԹȻһ֮£˵Ľŭͼһ㡣


550 ħ˿
ҶȻľѾļԵĵزȻδʥ֮ǰĲѰԻܹľʱ䳤ֻ֮еһͶӰѸȻסҶʶȻ˿ΪǣһԪǧֻصֱԪ
Ҷ򻨻֮дȥǰһۣ㲻ǰͷĻڵסеĸ֪Ҷֻһһ
ΧµĻһմȾƵڣǰöɫҲҪ˿˿Ƶ˳֮һ㡣
˿ϻζͬƣ˾˿ͼһʹѵ
ͷ׵Ļ֮УƺɴŮӴзɳΧȴӰȴһֱصݡ
Ҷвɵذܹɫ֮н˵ͷ׵˵־²ʵƥ
óԼһĶʯֻҲֵס˿ľˡ
˵еǷܹܵ˿ľǰҲ˿˰ɣҶаЦ
ͷϵֵĴӣҶ֪Ǵ˵еֻ̺֮ʱ䳤ӣŮӵӰֻǧʶ˿ΪŦ໥ϵһԼеӡԼǧֻʱµӡǡ
ʼʥתһ˿֮γֻʱ䳤ӵͶӰһͶӰ˿ΪŦôסҶԪֻصĻþ֮У˿Ĳࡣƾֶͨ춼ѡ
ӡζģƾ޵ֶͨҲЩֲеֻӡΪЩӡΪ꣬˿Ϊǣʹ޵ʱħٵĴۣף
Щӡклж񣬻вض񣬶вơ
޵о仰˵úã׳˿ѽ⡣
޵µľֶ֮ѰܹģֻҪ־ᶨϼν֮󣬾ܳ׻⣬˿ǲͬ˿޹˵ȥɢһŮ֮漴ͻ˼˿ӡ˿ֻĽ߶ת޶ѡ
ֻصֵͨĵطǴЩ̴Լϵӡ֣˿ĿҲˣвĻԼͻᱻ˿Ԫħ˸ҵ³
Լ񻹲ɰѲЩ֪أ
һ֮䣬ҶоԼԪ·ǧֻ֩˿סһһĸǡ
ƺԹŮ˿˿˼꣬Ҫ
ǧǧ˫ֻأҶ¸λãȻһڰ׹֣һĥһ㣬»תţΧϸС˿ĥһת֮£ȻˮϪһ㣬ɢȥ
ҶԲ˫޵ͨܶϸ˿׾ٵر˿
ǧ֮һ˫޵вֻǹ뷿֣֮ڸǿԻݷҶ͸˿ŵͨռĿģľдӴ˳ԲӴ˲˿Ĳơ
˿ˮӴ޺ۡ
˿һնľΪʱͲԲ硣
˿֮УȻ󷨿ǴĻǵسˣ㻹ͷСܹȡ˵ľֻͨҲֻʼʥˡҶһȻ˫һιĵ𣬿һı죬ȫĻӰӾȻһ˲𵴵ĸɸɾֻΧ˿ȴն֮ɱ֮
ϸԼгȻ٣Ҫô򼸸ԪᶼģҲֻʼʥˣʼʥ˼֮иңʹҶѣ֮޴֮з֮ңɽ֮кʼʥǲŹˡ
ʼʥɳԸķԼɵͶӰΪһٶϵеڻ
ѽľ˿һ֮󣬽ʮֻض޷ʵ޵µĶ
ʹǶսҲãοҶսûг׹λӵûϷˡ
Ҷ˫޵ͨȻ֮£ϸ˿Ѿ׻ʮɴִ˿ִֵظԼԪϡ
ȻˣսսûйĶҶкȻðһ쳣ͷȻڵҾԶɣҶܰħļ尾񿴿ҵΪɣħͨħģ
䣬ظһźںɫƹȻһе״һںɫ˿˿磬ȼ˻ҩһ㣬һüġظ¸ȻȼŻɫĻ棬һʢ⿪ʼȼ
ҶȻڵҵֱԪħҵ𣬺ݺ˿ԼԪ顣
һƻɫ֮ȼת֮Ԫ̵ȼ
Ŀڱ۶֮ͬʱ̵ð˹ĺ
һ־ʹҶоԼԪʼڻһ㡣
Ҷ̲סճʶ֮ЩŮӵٻӰһ˲䣬ħҵ֮¾Ȼճ˻ҽˡ
һԪס̨һݺݵطʱ䳤֮Уǧֻض˿ȥľһ㣬Ԫ
ҶĿ֮ʼƵĻ磬棬ÿһƻ֮УԼħɲҹ﷭ݡ
Χһÿһ֮жһŮ࣬మࡣָоͣشԼ֮еӡ
֮һתͶ̥û˼䣬֮һֻʱӡת֮󣬶˻ǻĪĺøл߶С
ħͨҲˣħٻ߾磬һնħ˿ľԲ֮һܹļԣ
ǧǸߵ۷壬Ȼͬ;
֮䣬ҶƺԼ飬ʶ֮жȻһӨ͸ˮȴǲ쵵ĺۼһ۰׵ǽϱͯͿĨһ㣬߲߰Ϊܼˣĺۼƺƺ临ӣÿһۼ涼һ಻ϸ˿һźеʱ䳤ӡ
Ƶϸ˿಻ݣȴӰ˿
Щۼħҵķ֮£ʼһһεر䵭ǳĺۼѾ׵ʧˣЩۼһʧ֮һ˿ͱͬ޸֮ݳ׿ήȥԼԪʼһһ
ļԣԪϤҶжӿһɿϲ


551 ǿ
ƾҶתԪи޷˿жϣֻ˿ΪŦԼԪʱ䳤֮еħʣѹԼ֮С
ԼԪһӨ͸Ĺĺۼſһ㡣Ŀġ
ֻӡÿһӡ񶼱һصĻΧס˿š
ħҵķ֮£Щӡۼرһһϡˡ
˿ӰȴԪĿǣκħҪʹ֮гϢʱ䳤ӣҲ赲ǰ˿ľǣ
Ҷħҵѹƣڵ˿סˣȻһһ˿˸ɾ
̡̣
Ԫ˿֮л첻ݣֲ֮ҶͷƤЩ顣
ڣԼľ󲿷ֵֻӡ˸ɾ߮˿ΪʧȥĿڻǾɢ˸ɾع곤ӡ
곤֮УŮӵ˿նҶ޹ϸˡ
ֻʣԪӡɽԪ
еһǰսԪӡ
Ҷ̧һǣ˿ü֮УһѶϢӿʶ֮С
Ԫͨ˿ӦеĶսǰļ䣬ʶ֮оչ˳
޴Ҳ֮أǰĶսԭǳ޴֮еһͨĳ֮У޴֮и书ֱؿɼףս󾹶ͻʥɹħΪ񾳵ΪͶɽ
ʱûνɣֻ޵˶ѣ˶Կʱ塣
ʱɽֵʢʱڣԶսΪȻֻһСѣ֮ȴǵòӣʱ˺ȥ޵ʵΪ⵹ҲûʲôսɻĺڣȴΪСµڵһλ񾳵ʦ֣λ񾳵ʦ֣ݶץ֮󣬰ٰĥսȵĶս޿̣Դ֮£λʦָ׵ĻɱҽɢȻִжȡˡ֮ͨУսΪɽ׷ɱһֱ޽ٽ˺ģԼ飬ɾ޽ٽ
޽ٽһɣ׽ٱһȭ֮սɽ֮ݺ۳޵УѹõһʰɽʼԴһȭУϲ彻֣ʼʥµİ˴񽫣֣֮սɱɣԼĽɷ֮󣬸ʼʥòɿʼʥȻ˿˶ս޽ٽ䡣
սȻ䣬ǲԪȴԴ򡢻λֻֻԭȻֻ֮Уֳ׵ɱʼʥѲȴҲټ
ʼʥȻŭȴκβλϵ֮£ֻѪ֮ķԪģҵҶλãȻʱ䳤ӺͶάռ䣬öսʧɢһλ֮С
Դȴ˿⣬֮ʱתǱսٴתƷضͶ̥תҶңʥͽ̻ıĥ£һ·Уֱ
˼ΪԴΪ̡ɽΪյ㣬ܳʥ
һҶԪ飬Ѿ׵ľӨ͸ϴˢ˸ɸɾеӡԪҵ˸ɾ
Ҷֵǣ˶սż֮⣬Ԫʶлһӡӡģ壬еʱ䳤Ӹû˿ϵоΪ֣Ҫѭӡ˳ʱ䳤һԼļ䶼ˡ
Ԫˣһػһ£ÿһԪ֮ʱ䳤Ӿͻ±һΣѲż䣬ԪĲɣҶŹֵؿż䡣
ˣȰ˵ɡҶа̾˿
ȥأǰ֣Ϊɢ˰գɢ˰գҶȻ̧һžӰһָؾ͸ˣࣵһ׻촷ۡ
پƣ
ҶкȻ۶һɫĳһ֮£ӰһնɱҶȻоԼʶ·˵죬ԼԪ֮һ޷ݵ̩·նɱ˸һһжѾһ㡣
ԼӡƲݵŮٻӰ˿ոɾĵڣͬʧȥĻһ㣬ʼήһ˲Ѿ飬˼ľ֮
糹徲ˡ
ҶֻԼʶһ񾳽·˶㣬λ澡뾫֮Уʶ֮ǳĹ켣仯ĪȻɼˣɲǼ䣬ԼǶˡ
ɢµգˮΡ
ʱ䳤ӣ˿ҲҴңȥҲҴңֻƣȴҲղȥȥҲҶƵʱ䳤ӣӰƺ䣬࣬㳡һ㡣
ЩӰÿһԼÿһԼһ˿ƣѵߵʱճӣһͶӰЩ˿Լˡ
ҶһЦΧ˿ȻɲͣسԼƹȴͬˮţת˲ޣȻǸմˡ
ѹ˶ΪߵϣҵдСΨ˿ܹϵ͸ʱ䳤ӣֻء
Ψдǰ˿٣ܹưڽһһ֮ģƿ
Ҷͷһƽ˸д˿ˣͷϲŵƲ͸˿Ȼ·ƶһ㣬漴ͱ𱬷׷ס
ڵĻ˿һɲǼ䣬Ĵƴ֮ģ𵴳촷ۣ˳նɱ˸ɾ
Ҷȭָ죬ãһطתΪ֮ɫ
ĿɿڴؿҶݲȵ̤ٻɫ֮ȴһݼȵ𾪿־֮ɫ
ոҶһǻ綼֮󣬻ûüָ˿
ǾҶûб飬ֻǳѺ۶ѣɴ˿ɼҶ֮ǿˡ
ҶϢΪ֮һ䣬ȫϢ¹࣬·ûһ˿覴õľһ㣬ͨԲسʱֽྻһ޷ݵ
ѳ״סˣŵؿģ
û뵽һΪûҶɾ޽ٽ
˶ؿҶʱ˿ϵģɵشľ
ʹЩѺҲûг־ãҶһ֮£漴߲Ⲩ˸ȫ죬һƣЩѺ۾Ȼʧ١
лҪҶ˵ؿڵģܵһλã


552 ߷
Ҷ̤⣬⵭ؿǰ̬ӵѡ
ƽĶۣȻһѵ̫ŸһζΪǴ˿̵ҶȴɱˣԴ⼴֣ҲעӲһٵģˣؼȥˣǰǣɧԼ
һѪͳ尲ɽ֮еӣ֮£ʼʥɽ֮аżӶԸԼǲŽй¡
Ĭ˰Σȿڴ˼ž
޵֮Умֵܹ綼ףնսƵ޽ٽȴǿȫȴǵֵܵǧֻص˿ȻҲԪҲԵֵá
ɫ࣬Ҷģ֪עҪˡ
Σ̾벻ݺɽĶսȻҲܹתʧˡ
̫ŹȻ֪޵ţսĴ˵֪
Źչ˹칧Ҷһ׼Χ˴Ϊ졣
жսһڳ˶¶𾪵ɫҶɫҲһЩ
֪սʷʿ֮Ҳ¶𾪵ɫˡ
ǰôһƲô۵꣬Ȼһλ
֮Ϊֱǲ˼飡
ΧĿ֮£ҶεҡҡͷЩ˹
˵׻ˣѣ㱾ǳġҶʼʥŵǲ
һΧˣǲŵؿѡ
ʼʥĴʥ֮棡
ôƺңҲԽҶ֡ҲֻһŰˣҶĳѾʲôˡҶһƣתֻ֮ǧеļѾȫʧȥˣд֮д֮٣ݲݵʲôأѣҲǲСɣ
ѲûоҶȻ̾սشٲ֣˴δǲɱˣһ˿֮ģʵҶһֵѪͳ׷ʼʥϷʱ䳤ӺȻ񸫵ͶӰ
ҶȻȻ֪ٲɱ⣬ΪλҪĴӣ
ٽǲܹɾҲҪ赭дصҼȻˣ޻˵ҪɱҪɣȻܹӵùΣҲδܹӵùԴľˣǲʹһЩ
벻Դⶼ֪ȻиѧšҶ΢΢ͷҪҿԸ㣬Ҳã㷨ٸߣܸߵĹʼʥǺǣ忴ٹһʵʼʥ赲ԴĹ߰ˡ
һ¶ŵɫһҶ⡭ôܣ
ΪʲôܣҶЦʼʥзȴʼնΪʥԲҪãΪ赲ԴĹߣϧǣʼնܹ赲Դ⣬ʵϾԴ⣬ܹסԪסοʼʥ
һԵ΢΢¶Ȼ֮ɫ̹Ȼȴвɵĸо
ɫ𣬲ŵصʼʥǸųƥвʼʥҶ֣˼˵ʼʥҪԸ㣬Ҫ֣
߶˼֮պȻһĨκԱߵŮҲ¶˿˿֮ɫĿҶ֮ת
ҶʱЩЦãƺѾҲϴˣƺҲûŹ
ʼʥҶ֮ǴĶϵû˽˵ĶԹʵϷϵİ븺˵϶Ѿױɽ֮ϾĸӳףֻУϣҶս⡣
ʼʥȻ񸫺壬ûԶʰʹһս
ʼʥĵվǲࡣ
ҵ¶ɽٵĹؼҶĳڹѡҶһ˾ӵģ
ˣѣ߰ɡҶЩεػ˻ֵԴ⽫ɱɱ㣬ûˣȥ֮־ˣҿԸ㣬Ҫ˵㣬ʼʥǵΪԴľο㣿ΪͽȻֻ˼˲ѣǲҪˣǧ꣬ܿÿοǹ»أȥɣһΪʼʥΪԼֵ֮ɡ
˻䵽ѵиǱһζаٸн
˵˵еĶսһ۲ͣܽ˴ҶΪȴǳ״˴ԡ
֪ˣӴ˻صԼļ֮УȴԴĽٺˡһ漴ָƽתƷȥ
ҶѾˣһʵʼʥµģҪƵ޽ٽҪ׼һҪ޽ٽڶֻص˿ƻٵеԪ
ɾ޽ٽ֮ʲôҶˣҶ֤ûʲôܹȵԲƴÿÿһδĽͳ׽һΣȴѾ׵۷Ĳˡ
ʼʥȴûϵҶȻ˳ɾ޽ٽʹȥħľȻΪʥˣ֮ģѾܹԴ֮бסԪˡ
Ҷ˷ֺݺһʼʥɽļӾ߷ˣ㲻ܹתìͷԸʼʥʼʥܹʹǡ
ʼʥôǾӪһԪȻֻǴѣû˿塣
һ˹ʵҶ֡
ˡֱԣλþУʵ̫ˡҶ̾ʼ֮ż֣޵֮еһ徲Ȼˣһ֮֮ԾԴ˶ҪƴУ˵УһݷҲһλ̫ۣΪ֡
Ҷûټ˵ȥɫѾûյӺݣһ˿ǣʵҶ֣ΪûС
ʵôûġҶԶƣҡͷԴ֮ţҶֻһԼҳϦֻҪҲﲻʲôˡ˭Ҳָңѱסǡ
εҡҡͷҴǰҪӹйһЩ㻹굤ѣ֪пɻд
˼ɫɷףͬεҶ


553 ɢ
ҪǨȥ˼Ƭ̣Ȼڵ֪ܷһ
ΪǰȫģҲԡҶɺصҴ˴ҩģҵһλ¼ɽˡ
ˣҾ߶ŵһˣϾͰǨŮǸȥˡϣͷҶҪ㻹굤ˡ
ðɡҶ˵ͷ漴ǾƷѹˣȻҪǾͿᣬʱ䲻ˣϾͰᡣ
Ҷ֮ȻƺҶͷ֮⣬ƺˣҶѾһΣٵڶγ֣˵ɫҵλߵҵλɫΪȻǴ˼ʶա鰮ԣѾˮˡ
ƩɴƮµŮǾֿУ鵽Ũת˴˼ѾԲĽˣҶɽ磬ȻŮ˼˴˼ǣȴӰ໥ĵġ
ʶдˮ֮ŮŤŤĺòʹ죬ȻоܹҶɣ
˶㵥ֱӵġҶ
ֱӲôˮ֮Щˡ
ҶЦöսֵס
ˮ֮Цˡ
֮һ֣˵ĶչҲ˵ֻˣѪѡ
ȻûҶУǴ֮ȴѾӦһЩ֮ʼ֮ǰһеһжûˣˣЩʲô壿
ȻΣȻӵŵرΣ
ҶֻҪ¶ˣҲԲ
Ҷ̬պҲպ޲ϾҶӴһֱǲԶžԵĹϵȲܳңҶɫûж˿׽֮ֻĬһƿۺɫŵĵҩҶ֮С
漴ת֮жʱƱɫˣذ˫ֽ΢΢һ֣кȻ˿Χĵͬ˿һ㣬׷ذεضȺȻεضתۼƴСƮƮ֮С
һټĶߣԲʮĵϴС
ҶһԭԭһƷʵҲز©
ȴһһɫϢ֮Ŀ˵ˬвٵĵԼֳ֮ΣմڴڵؾЩƷϵֱѹؾļȻɾôϼ꣬Щ׽٣ܹ׽٣ڿն𣬻һ
˵еʼһĵǶ仯ɵģһԪһݺ磬ԳӴһ壬һԪ֮һбסӡһԪһˡ
ͷŵϾ޿֮еЩϧصЩǾ
Ȼ֣кȻһοľҲƵľ׮ƮƮҶ֮Уιľֻǰɳ̣һ˺ϱĴϸѡͨȴǱӨӨּӲʯһ㡣
Ҷ˹ϸ֣һȦһȦֺ״ľƣ˿˿Ʊֱ
ҶȴȻ˹˵ˮӽԴôľʹһֱԴ֮Դ
סιľḧ˰ΣҶѣ춫һľ֮ĸ滨֮ԳܾпľıԴ͸Ҷ֣Ϊл񡣡
ˡҶעľ˼Ƭ̣漴ҡҡͷ޹»˵ɣǰǨǲԹ۵ġ
ľҶֲͨҶܹеİڣϣҶܹʼ֮ſʱѽ١
ԵĻҲԹ۵ġҶͷ漴ľˡ
ŮԼӪļҵЩ֮⡣
΢΢³һ֪ҶһԾŶ˵ԹۣǴӦ
˵ˣҶ㲻ӦƾһӲᡣ
ΧӵǣкȻӿһĸо
ҶվһԣԹۣޱ飬ֶƺǵıݸûзһ㡣
ǰǰһٶãôϧҵʲôã߰ɣ߰ɣ˻һˡȻ̾һ˻֣벻ոƿ˷ȴ飬ѲⰡԸߵģÿȡһŵرɢ˰ɡ
˵꣬һۺɫϯȣתۼ䣬ȿʼѸٵСѾϯ֮ˡ
ԼĹ֮ץһѣзֳһͶӰˣ漴ִӵϴһ̧һ֮£һӰٴγΡ
֮еŮŹΧݣ챦ɾΪʧȥɸ⾡ʧɵȻᣬһƬۺɫ磬ƮƮسŮǷȥˡ
һ󲿷ֵĵӺȺѡ뿪Ǵ뱲ӶάҲӦΪԼһˣ˵ˣԸҲգԸҲգܲѽٶԶ
Ҷһǰһ󣬼ٵسաҶкЩΣҲûٶȻô죬Ҷ޷ŵٶȣתۼ¶лҵôˡ
ַ֮УִѵᣬȺɽͣ½
Щ򻨾֮ӵĿǾƷ˵ҶҲЩ᲻á
֮ǰ磬һնֻ¸޷ЩˣֻʹЩˡ
£һҹ֮ߵøɸɾһûˣֻһӰ
ͶӰԭأȥƺɴû˿ı䶯һˡ
ոճûãһǰǵʿٴǰѾһˣɵشʧ漴ͿʱзŹ⣬Ҳ˲ѾߵˣһȡصǡһʿʿΪʼ֣תۼʿۼһ𣬴ذ޹ˡ


554 عɳ
ţһһʿУ漴иǰʿΪЩƷսڡ
ٸʿļ嶼ս֮УؼɱĲɿЩʿǶޱߵɱɷϯ˼壬ǣӶħٻɷ֪жٵʿΪ֮䣬ǽ岻ȥʿϵҩͬˡ
ɫɱ֮գѪƣ㾭¶ɢֱƷѾ䣬һ㶼ûʣ˵ʿȴ㲻˼ǽ塣
սңȴͺһȼһ㣬أĵɱˡ
˺ö˰ҶңңԶƬѪɫƲʣɵس̾һֻΪߴӬͷСЩʿȻŪôĳ
ľﶼŲγɵγɵҶģвɵؿЦѡ
ȥҲȥҲعأһɾ
ѵļеȷѪͳ֮⣬ɽ֮лкܶǱѪĴ壬ʼʥҲ֪Լͳ嶼иңܹħһ𣬵Ψݲø߰Դ塣
߿˵ʼʥ£ݲ壬Ϊֹִ֮Ѿᣬ˵żҲ໥鴫Щ˼ǰԽԵĲʻ׷ɱ
ҶİѵʵݹĻôζţѽᱻ޵Ⱥ֮²Ҷ֣ԼҪˣҶһ˵֮£ѵҲȻܹʼʥģʱ⼸صļ壬֮ͬм˵Ҳʼʥˡ
ʼʥıһȴնһɵˮһգɲʥͣȻǿоҲֻдԭصѡ
ҶôʼʥĻԣ㲻룬ܹһӣҲ൱ˡ
ʼʥԶҲܻɾ
ܳɾζ
įҶ죬Ƶس̾һ
ʼʥ˼ʮֻأʮԪᣬԼѾĽʼʥȴûܹѣվҪؿ϶ȥ
Ѵ˷صԼĳǱ֮ȥˣ˶˶֮˼Ƭ̣漴صԼķ֮С
̧Ӷһ£ѿһŻ˽ȥ
ǰһټĹĿռʮֵĿտһźʯӣԱȴûаʣһԴʼʥ
עʼʥ񣬺ȻһԱߵ̴ľȡһ㣬ȼˣ¯֮С
ôվԭ֮УԭһнľѾһԲֻüУԼڵƬ
ϵѪͳѾ˰ٴ֮ãȴɱһЩ޸Ҳ޸Ĳȥ
ƹ֮кȻһټĺڶʮɫ۵ΧһŴԲԣĬȻǿ϶һʮλͷ¶βʵȴʮֵǿмλʤѡ
ֻһǣЩȻΪȴߣ쳣ȥѪᣬϻٶ˲
һɳƵڵ˴ʧ˶ô򻨷ˣ
۾ڵѾǰܵòٰܣսѾǵǸɱ¾޷ĶսˣѾɾ֮ģĳʥͣͷʥ½ʱ䳤ӵͶӰûܹסһҪĳֻҪʥԳˡ
ɳƵʥڶͨټ˰ǧߣ׼Ӧʼ֮ŵĿֲԴȻҪ
Цʥ׼ֵԴɣ
򻨷ˣԱ߼˴Ϸ޷ƵĿ־֮ɫ
Ϊ׵һߣֻĬȻ̾һû˵ʲô
ЩԭȺ׷ףһ֮£ֻͣ˶ռ֮ٴλָ˾ס
ҷǺǺǣҲ·ˣԴһֻʥ¶ѱĵУһζµʵʲô⣿֮УԴ򡢻λλ½Ķսһλӵʥ֮ģʥֻ¾Ǵ⣬ʥֻЩǿ𣬶ЩѪ֣
΢΢ŭ⣺ʥµ׻㣬ô˵ѵô
򻨷صȴðȫ屻ɱΣգͶսԣѾ˺ܴˣûʥµȷǣǵļ壬⼸ǧʱﶼʥ£ҪΪʥµֵԴ⣬ѾûмպûˣȻˣǺαȥʲôټؿɻ壿


555 Σ
֮жʱһƬȻĬ˶ͷ
ǰȥ壿ʼʥʼնЩˣȥɻ壿
ȥֻһնѣȻ˵糹׵ķ°ˡ
ûǳеΪǿֹô
ǿֹôһ仰һشڳÿһ޵ߵš
Ȼһգ¶һԶһɳǣɳ֮УֵĿŸֻвʿ͵ŮһͬŷĵҸ㡣
˺ܶ꣬ϧûеõѵصǾѾʥ㺦Ұ
շһҵ֮֮ϣλᡣ
ԭԴ籾Դ֮һˮ֮Դȴͨ콨ľ֣֮ǿԶԶʤЩؼӦ֮壬ʼʥȴǿնͨ콨ľʹʧȥҲɵ飬Ӵ˽ִ֮£屾ʼʥӣһöֵԴĹ߶ѡûзʼʥ˼ֻǣӦΪԼ˴һˡ
ѵصȴɨӹΧЩݺݴµĳǡ
һʼƭʹ
Ҷ£תЩǡ
ֻǣݡ
֪ĸԴʷˣֻû˵ȥֽ
ƣʹ
ĳǱ߹Ķ֮࣬ʱӦһ챾ԴеģΪ߱Դ֮ʴ뱾Դ쳣ǿ󣬵ͽӽӦ򣬶ЩӦ壬֮彥ʼ鲼ǧ֮ħһ壬֮ѹھԨ˵ħһ塣
ˣͨ콨ľǡþǴԴĿǣͨ콨ľȡԴ֮ҲǴӱԴ֮ͨ콨ľԴͬɱԴɳһɣȻǿɰѲûг׵ķչѡ
ʼʥճܿͨ콨ľֵ֮õȻ񸫣ǧķ֮󣬳ɾҵλնͨ콨ľ£ȫ壬ΪʼʥӶͽο֮УӴ˱֮Ϊ
ʼʥԪʱ䣬նͨ콨ľֻһԪʱ峹ЧֻһԪʱʣпԴܣŮֻһԪʱȺռ磬Ⱥ
пԴܳ壬ǱǺʼʥ൱ģԷܵ壬մȾ˺쳾֮޷ʼʥȡ
Ԫʱ䣬ֻΪ˲ýôһֻ֣ϧ¶˰Ծǹܴɡ
սһʼڲͣظʼʥԣ˼綷磬Ȼֶɽ֮УʼʥһֱƵƵʧ
ȻʼʥһֱڽڸʲôʷȱʼʥˣǰͱеĴ߸׽ˣֻһֱû˵ѣǰΪ֮Ȩһѡ˱졣
ʼʥ˺ƭӵαװ֮ɻһλҪɱЩ𣬺һֻûġ
˵ˣʼ֮ż򿪣ԵľأûбҪȥˡ
ͱ㴰ֽڳ˶Ĭռ˳ŵľ֮Уѹֵ˼޷ܡ
ô붼ãһҪԼ뿪ˣʱ⡣ѵʥ»ֳܹԸңôɣʱѾˡ
Ѿôվ˹󲽳ȥ
Ŵˣһƺϣƶ˸һƻعⷵһ㡣
Χĺˣ۵⣬΢΢ɪһ£кȻӿһ֮⡣
ЩΪʼʥڰбƷ⣬ʵȴıȫΪУһԼݣЩʿǻһһеؽǵļ峹׵
ȻԪɵΪȴδйһ̵УֺƷ֣ܱ֮ȵ˼еƽչÿڣԴ⼴֣ȻٸߵΪԴǰҲѾѰϲˣ漴Ȼ̾ϢһתҲ׷ȥˡ
ȻһֱΪ߸ϵ壬ڴʱ˿Դ֮żżƽȣȻ顣
µսɣҶҹ֮ѾԶˡ
˱Եһڣڵһλӳʦֽ֮ľݵ㣬Ϊ֮Ҳδ˹ĶݣΪ
һ˭ҶŽλ̸ۣĭɵӣΪȻͣȻһλɡ
λǰڵʿȻΪߣǲѧţ֪֮еš
еţҶжʱм֪һ۰צܵŪ
Ƴһۣ˵е˥ؼĴ٣ɲȥԼһжᾡʱĳ֮УûķıӻƱҲӲԴ֮ŵǣɡ
һΣڳΧʿǶЩ̻̲
Ⱥ֮еһʿʵõıӻ޵֮λϵһֱײβڴ˵֮УԪûмˣ
һɽ֮УΨһģֻд˵ɽڣ
ڶʿǻȻɫ䡣
ҶͷЦһ˰ĵڰѻ˵ˣԭɽɳģҪЩʿһѡ
ˣֱûҶЦһ漴Ⱥ
ʼ֮ţϲľ֮ȻҲ̸ʲôʼ֮ţҶòңʿ֮˥Դ٣ԴڽʥħħΪʥߣȻ٣־ȴŲʼʥǰΪҲӲʼ֮ŵɡ
ʥʻ㣬һʱЩʧǣ˵ˡ
Ǵ˵ʥͲеľ簡ҡͷ૵ص
ͽȻһŵѣ֪һ۰צŪΪŪһЩ֪޴֮ͽͿʼմմϲпԴΪʲô֪ʥͣʥôҶЦΪѧţ̸Ū˲ٵˣȻͿʼˣȸ֮Ҳ̸ǿЦ֮Ц


556 и
Ҷġ
Ҷһ֮ԣýڽڰˣһʧǵ૵̸̸
Ŀ֮£Ȼһ£֮һɻȻȼնתۼȫ£һȻ˻ҽ˸ɾ
ΧΪٵڶʿǾһȻ˻ҽȻɢ˿ˡ
ҶһﾹȻħ漴ҵգתۼԷˡ
֪֮ͽԿ㣡ҶЦ๼
⣺˲ǸŪ֮ͽˣܹǵҶִŭ
Ҷߵƥͽѿ֮죬ΪǣԴ壬ŪĻ̻̣ʵ๼㿴ЩʿûУ
ΧոЩΧʿǣ֮󣬶ʱֿ̻֣̿еʿǿ̬󷢣һ¿ˮ̵ĹƢԣҪһһ㡣
һɷ籩Ҫ׵ıһ㡣
ĬȻԶԣ벻վȻҶһ͸˵ħӶ׵군ЩȻЩҡ
ҶıȻɳϮ
Ҷ˫ҵһӣеʿԳ̬
Ҷָһ֮£·һɽʿͬʱͬڹһ㣬ѹԭءˡ
һɫתĴɽصѹʿıϣѹȫ磬˿֨֨ʹ˻ʿ۾͹ĿҪҶɽһ㣬ȴֵֵסϵľ޴ѹһ˿ĺ
Ҷ¼֮ѾɱƷˣһ̾ͱסˣѰ˸ֵá
ˮ׼ҲǣҶʵɽ߹ѡ
ͳͳҹҶһ̧һ֮£֮кȻѿһ޴ѺۣʿͬʱҽһС㣬ʧԶˡ
ڣҶڽֵϣ쳣ĳء
ĶսǱʼʥΧɱģʼʥȻ޷ɱս޽ٽȻȴǿסս޽ٽȻۼȴʼնԲʼʥͰʮһλڻˣʼʥ˶ɾͷǿ
ĶսȻֻƾһǻŭս⣬Ϊʿɣټķ֣оյسɾ˾Ƶ޽ٽ
ͬΪתսѵټֲ֪԰Դ󣬾޽ٽͬҲסٵĽ
ʼʥ֪Ķսɾ޽ٽ֮Ѿǿпޣɷֿ룬Ѿ飬֮ǰΪԷһһ֫屻򡢻ҡԴӡ˽ʼʥչʱ͵͵ؽһغ¯Ͷ֮У侭ǧתϴһҵٴγɾϷ
ͻ֮Ҷ޳޽ٽƴоյضɹһأ˷иʤˮ׼
ҪǣĵѾٴԲֻ֮֮ģ̾ݲ
ҶǱʤڵ෨תΪԴˣʼղԲģʶ֮еһֻӡ⴦ӡȻڣȴʼ䣬ҲƵķľͲԲˡ
ɽۣ֮Ҷվڷ嶥ϣʡ
ѲⰡ֪ǷҲأҶЩ
ҵĽϣҶȫůģ̩
ԼһǱޣ˼ѣһ޷ݵ˳Ȼżпվоգƿ֮ʣԼԪ˿ƣĻ֮£ǰԾͨ͸е﷨ڵ
ȥˮǧɵһдѾ֮ˡ
ҶľͨԼԼо֮еһ˫۾ע
ɣλ֪ĸˡҶ쳤Ц֪ĴˣֻôһζĲͷ¶βǾЩˡ
Χž
λǿĸˣ㲻ʲôˣ֮ȻδԲʥͣĴȴѾҲҡҶڵķʲôȻˣֺαôĲͷ¶βȥأ
ǺǺǺǡкȻһ£һĽɫӰЦǱˣô
ҶصΪΪķ֮ммۣǧۼһֻ¾һ޴ʹ˰ɣ
˵ĶԣǧмһеĴ𰸡еλ˺ȻЦˡ
ҶĬȻƬ̣еӰнĵزɷݵԵʣ
еӰص˵ǣҲ˵ǡ
Ҷüͷһ壬漴滺ʵʸմ
ӰڿЦˣ㲻ضʣҲشģлĻ׵ġ
ҶҲϣƴһŬȴңֻǱ˵һӣ㲻˵Ҳܹµóܽսˣתģϳ֮⣬һʵ벻ˣԴֻǻʼʥ
ӰЦȷ˭ϣԼֻǱ߬һӣҿ㣬ǰЩʼʥУֻ֮أ·;Ȼ̵棬ǲûйĸнյΪǰĻۣ޹أһжģѵҵλ֮ͻף㾿ǲӡ
ҶĬȻΣҵ˭ӣսֻҶ߻б֣
ִ⣬㣬ҶòãֻǧǧٸԼҪ˭أԶԹԹƳǧֻصӡȻɾʥͺαִ⡣еӰʧЦˣִŲûģħ̵֮һһֻţֱ㰴еӡ̤ǿ֮;Ϊҵλ
ѾɾҵλˡҶĬȻƬ̣ڵ㲻ҳɾ֮󣬾Ͷвô
ҶЦ
˵Ȼֱ˵ǲµǰضǿϾԷͨСϺѾֲϲԼһȾľأһΪǷУӲϲĳһˡ


557 ֲ׽
ͬģֻԼԶ
Ҷ˵Ҳ
Ⱥͷ緶
ɫӰЦˣгһգǰ컯һжˣͲЩν̽ˡ
ɫӰѾ˹žľأƾҶҲù
Ѿ˾Ųʮز²ˡҶʵΪʲôҷõУ˼֮У
˼˵ʼṇ̀ɽȴյ㣬ˣ޷ķ򡣡ǵӰ˼ͽԪ񣬶зͽзѳԪɽ֮з㣬Ԫǿȱһվ֮о˼ĵܹɾҲܳ־á
ҶɵĬȻ
ϸػعһԼľжʱȻˡ
ɽ֮еʿռ˾ųɾǴ֮зģɽ֮еĸʣһ˼зʿһȴռɽ羫Ӣ߲㡣
ԼȻĶĥѣҲ⾫ӢһˣΪɽϵǴ˼֮зľ̳
ʼʥ˼䣬ҲǺպ۰
ʼʥȻҲǸ̳ʼ֮żԴʣʼʥûлǷʥľҲǳϦģĶսҲˡ
һнԿա
ɽ֮еԴͻǴӾ˼֮зʿǵ˼ʱ򣬾Ѿ޳ʥ֮޴֮һ·ͻͽǺ͵ؾΪˡ
û˵˼㣬ñɽ֮еӤɳǼȡӪɳ֮û˼һĥ³ɳԼĥͨ͸ˣҶҲȻ޴֮УҪ˵ɽ֮ˡ
ɽ֮Уֻ־岻ɾ磬֮־һ˥ܣͻƾˣҲֻܵѡ
ܶ೤ʿΪû˼ĥԪ־Բų岻һؿڣֻĵȴ֮кľе
ƣһٶ˥ߣˡ
ܽˡҶһ񣺡ǽΣһ̣Ӧøл㡣
תٹ֮ѾͶˡǵƢԣҲͲ䡣޴Ӱ˺ǺǵЦӰڿȥɢ֮С
Ҷ˰Σλ֪ĳߣ쳤̾һ漴ͷصŮ֮С
ҶһصŮǣɴʱ˿̣ڶɹɵĽ
ľھŮﴦһ̫ǣΪɴƮɸžɹ£̫ǾӪɫҽɨƽΧʮаɵСһζûҶȹ
ǶԣֻһϷѣֻеĹ̶ѡ
ǳƺ󣬴಻ԺȻΧʿǰеﲻѱԸóģпеɸΪȻɵΪˣƮɣɴľ籾ɵľˣȴڽʹȻ仯֮£׽ȴǳٳٲ
¡ɴƮ廹оѾһ
Ϊ仯֮£ɴĵУͳɹͻƾɾɵģȴ˻춴ϣƮɴ٣ɾɵΪˡ
µɴڴõĽڱˣ١
ɽ֮жɹ׽٣Ҫǧ֮жɹ׽ٸΣհٱ
ҪɴΪƻ춴ʵȻ޳ΪҪġ
Ҷɾ޽ٽȻǲ׽٣ʮٱҲþ£ɴȴͬ
ڵϿ֮УȻһ޴֮ͨκʿ׽ٶҪǿǧٱ׽֮У˸˸Ө͸ĿռƬصǧصľӱһ㣬һɫк¡¡ǸС춴֮Сÿÿһµ˲䣬С춴ھͻζһ£ըѵѺۣ漴һת֮£ͻָεάС춴ĲƲ
ɴڶɹ׽ٵĵڣ׽ӿӵйһ㲻ͣŻ춴ˮһһԶӿڡ
Ʈ˶ͷˮ£ƴعĶʼεػסɴɴͷǳռѺγɵľ޴Уһӿһһɴʹ಻ȫݡ
ɴ߳һ֮͵طɳеһӭ˿ее׻ͽڿлһ⣬ǣſеһӲһǣ֮£سĺ
춴֮м޾ĴͨһЩͨиɵ֮ڻ춴֮Űƻ
ֻټĻ춴죬ʱʱըѳ˲Ѻ漴ֱҶʩչ˴һת֮£漴ͻָ˹Ѻ۾ֲϻָ˹
ãҶ֮УȻһɫˮ״ţ׹
ɢɵϢ֮ĿռܲϢѾϢڻ˿ɵشʧɫ
̵ĵϸ緢˿ҳҴ
ôײеķ򡭡ƮͷϵĻ춴ɾҵض
ɴΪ˵ɣǽɷ£ҲȻǻɢ³
һӰ˹ɴͷϣ̧һסˡ
ɴҪġҶ
Ҷбһʩչǿд׽֮Уλһ⣬ָݲУһһסɢϢţԼ֮ˣȫ޽ٽķؽס׽١
ĵһӴҶ֮漴ͬѩһ㱻ڻ˿ڡ
һ̲ɷһɫˮһ㣬֮תݣľâƸݲͣؼȡķԪʹԼķʼһһرˣȻһģסͷһһؽڵĿռ֮С
һ촫Ҷֱ̳ѺȥĿĵĿֲ
Ҷɫޱ飬һֳסգһְסɴë֮ȴӿ˿˿ĵƺһһĸڲͣһ㡣
֮һɫĵȥĿġ


558 һԲ
ҶΪѾɾ֮ģԴܹڻҲڻԼԪ
֮ʼȡѹ̲ɷķԪ䳹׵Լ֮Уһһصĥϡ
ſӿ֮У˽ɺԪɵķ
Ҷ漴ֳַһֵ޽ٽӲסŵԼˡ
ҶȻͣµ׽٣Լ֮е׹⻷ƣž죬ƺһһ㣬Ȼӿݣ
ֱıɱҶſڶµ׽٣вɵذŭ
Ҷסɴ˽һ𣬷֮£ټĻ춴ذ޴֮ƣеһԶӿɴĻ춴֮Уɴ¶˾ҵʹ֮ɫ춴ռԼѺۣ漴ͱҶһ𣬺ʵĿռ侧֮Լһ̬ķͷӿŴŵⱼӿ
֮еʱʱؿɼһŵɫʵ£ԴԴϵҶ֮ˡ
ɴ׻֮УȫݣʹصҶҺʹ࡭
ңҪЩɽ͸ʿܹͦһصģɹ׽ٳɾ֮һһӡҶһ㣬֮С
Ҷ̧һУһɻӲسȡ˹ɻ̲֮˽ɵķ򣬾ܹܵġ
ɴ漣ȶüһĹɢ˿һƬ󺣰ĺɫյӿһ͵ĹⲨ̲ӿ
µһУ漴ͬţ뺣һ㱻ڻøɸɾ͵ĹⲨеεɫŨӿķɢ˳ˡ
Ҷɫƽ֮УʱʱؿԿϽѺۣȻ漴ƽۣ˸ӵظеĿĵĲ뾪ĶǵĺȻ
ʱ˿̣Ѻ֮Լеѣ̵죬˸ϵĿġ
ģ׽֮ôɵķ򣿼ֱ̫ˣҶвɵطŭ
ҶûмȡӿȻͣɴڣȻ󽫴ʹӵǿ̣೬Խ򶼱Ҷˡ
еڳ׵ڹˣ˸ɾ»ָƽ
ɴЩûҶеط
Ѿöˡɴǰɫ΢΢Щףվȴҡҡ׹ˡ
Ҷ㲵ģɳףԪĶͷϣ̾Ϣھɹ׽ٶôˣո׽Ȼɵķ򣡡
ո׽֮۵Уץһ˿ɵķ򣬽ʵʵųһͷ亹ɷ£ɴĻ춴Ϊ϶ᵱҷ
ɡˮ֮ϷɳȻ̧һԵˮɴתۼ͸˺һ㡣
ˮɴԪ֮Уת֮Ԫָ˴룬ԪڵĻ׾࣬Ҳ˸ɾˡ
ۼƸ֮ߵ⼸λ֪ȴԶԶʤɱصĶսˡ
Ҷ֮δɢƣԱֱ޵ģԼոҲһһԼ޽ٽҲѺˡ
Ƕ׽ٰıɱ
ʶ㣬ӿڵҶֲظе֣λɴ½֮жɽٵĻͲˡɽ֮Ƶûгֹ
˵̧꣬һ£һƵܰȻһ㣬ֱ͸ԣһƷۺɫ߹ɣ֮СɴԭԵԪʶʱеһ滺˿˿Լľ֮Уʱͻָ˼ѣҶ漴תףͨ滺οԪʶʹɴǽָѡ
Ҷ޽ٽȻҪ㻹굤ֻ굤ûһǾܹ滺ʹࡣ
޽ٽڻ෨ȻףͬҲǷǳʹ࣬ͺñȽԼԪڻ˿
ȻʹҶ˲ƤëģһʹҪȶһʹҪá
ɴվվһԵĿǵˮ֮ɫ̾ͱˣЦЦؿҶոաλһɣ
ɴɽĴ£˵עɴϣɫӺݻˮ֮ǳԽһеģڳҶλյɫҲ΢΢⣬һĿתҶ
λλˮ֮Ҷ̳ӵ̷˰ۣæܵ
ɴƮ岢ʶˮ֮ȴǽʵʵسһǺպĽɣΪտִѾǳǰˣˮִ֮һ
ҶҲ̫˰ɣȻλ׷˻
ԱߵƮȻһҶ¶ѺۣȥĿģڶ˿˿ԱߵɴҲʹסһֱֻۣóҩҪǮһͿĨ
ĺˣ¡һԵˮ֮ҶֻͨһЦֻһƬĵˮƣҶȫ¶ֻƬ̵ĹҶϵѺ۶Ѿֺ
ŮжʱһҶˮ֮ЦЦĵƤɫȴǰгݣһʡļСƷ˴̳ӣ֪ˮ֮һ֪ԼĻӣؽֶΡ
ˮ֮ˮ⾵ܹģǰһжԣѵĵʱȻŹˡ
æǰһ񣺡Ů£ˮ֮
øҿѾһˡˮ֮Цӯӯ˹ļͷƤصֻžõȵȡ
Ҷͬʱ¶һ˿֮ɫ
Ůؿˡһ΢΢׵ѲؿҶĹһҲӦõģҴлģиҪλһ
Ůһ˵֮£ʱ˿֪ɫŮӲǷµķծǾͺðˡ
ɴתͷԱЦӯӯˮ֮ɫҶɫ΢΢
ǰһסֱ۵֮ˣܹŮǣҾŮʲôҪܸ˵ͺˡһжСô졣
תͷεҶ漴ʵΪҶ
ܹ֮һǳЦȻһҪɴˣǲǣ


559 սԴ
⣬ŮڡҶʼ
콫еĿľû˿Ů
һɳ֮ŮʼдˣҶΧ˸ʵʵҲûӣˮ֮Ҳ뵽С
Ҳ֪ˮ֮ʹʲôֶɴƮĴžȻĬĵλ͹ϵֻҶֱ˺ö˺ŪΪǱ
Ҫҵ˶ǨЩֵصݺݵؿҶ϶ڴҶɵ⣬϶ǣ
ºݺݾסҶļͷݺݵص
ˮ֮͵͵ЦƤСŮһ㡣
ҶɫȴʮΣɿһˮ֮飬Ѿ޷ϣҺ֮װ׵ģ˵ˣǳǧˣ
ͰɣҲûʲô˵ġɴһۣİ⸽ܿ㹻ǰǨˣֵõ֮ݣ֪ôشЩ֮أֻѾǴˡ
ɴǺҪǿոհǨʱ򣬻ʱסŮǣµĹϵãǾ㽨֮漴͸žѼɣǼŮ֮ˡ
Ʈ壬һֱɴ;հҶΪ˽ɣ㱻ץ˴Ŀɾ޽ٽҲ۵ȥ
ԴˣҲֻΣȥˡ
ɴݺһѣҶϺȻһ𣬽ɴ˵ڡ
ҪҶƺһͷϵ˺ҿ·ֻѺ̵ۣĵӿݣոɴǱɵһ¡
Ҷ֣ô¡ɴҶֱϳֵĲѺۣһ㣬ȫˣɵؾ
ûµģֻǻûأȥֻҪһ¾ͻָˡҶסʹֱۣο׽ЩˣоȻɵķҵ޽ٽҲЩܲס⵹Ҳˣֻ½ʿҪɽٶЩˡ
ˮ֮ոҶҪ֤ɴѰȻɽ٣޳ɣҪĻסЩɽɵķ򣬴˼ܴʵǳ
ɴǸΣסҶֱۣʹظѺۣҲԴ׵ˣСˡ
ǰɹ׽٣оյġ񡭡΢΢̾ϢһǰŮǵļʿǱ׽ٸ˻춴ɢ½Ļ춴ʿ׽ԶɹѾѡסԼķ޵дǲɱˣҲ˶бҶ֮£ҶѾܿˣǲҪôΪѣ˳ɡ
ɴƮһԭ֮£ҲˣСƢ
ҶȻһ漴ˣ£Щɹ׽ٵʿǶҰǶȹ׽١˳㼳ȡһЩɷ򡣡
дǻ۴˵ҲʧΪһ鰡Աߵˮ֮ͷУûжɹ׷Ҫæɹ׽ˡ
ҶɵؿЦһԼɾӿˣˣ׽ٺ
ŮǺ;֮ûжɹ׽ٵĻ춴ʿ֮£ҶûдټӶɵˣֱӿԴ׽֮нӻȡɻ߽ɵķ֮ɵҲһġ
ŮǵλñǵشƫƧ֮ΧĿ࣬漴ѡһǨ½ˣֻΪ㣬ɸ־ͿήסӸ֮󣬱ˡ
ȻʵݽߵԴѾ벻ˣҶȰ˵֮£콫ڵŮʿǲɢѣǲɢˣл£һռ֮ŮʿѾ뿪ˡ
Ҷ˾ȻЩ᲻ãֻôѱ˵ˡ
ʼ֮żٽҶδܹԱοˡ
Ů֮УҶˮ֮ˮ֮峺ˮͷһˮɫƵҶĽɢĽɫⲨһټ̫֮Σתݡ
Ҷʶ֮ǳתݣѾ֮ģľΪѾ֮Ľȴûн׵ֵز
һˮ֮һ˫ޣֻڵеķ׳ΪԴеĿռλ涼Ҫ׳ΪԴֵܹԴľܹΪŮṩıӻ
ʱȡ˽˰ʿ׽٣˽ǧķѾԼľ糹ȹľ磬Ȼˮ֮ͬޣ価תɷԴȻ·ɴƮ塣
ɴƮǱó˳࣬Ҳûֹʲô
ˮ֮ıԴҶʡȴ·ÿÿһ׽٣޽ٽͻӽһ㡣
ˮ֮ƺҲʮֵ񫣬ѾʮԪľˮǱģԴѾᵽ˼£ҶսշĴֱ̼ǰδױȵģ˼ҹҹϸ衣
ƾսۣҶϼεҲûˣڶɷҲɽ֮޵ˣҪӹش٣ȴǵ޳ľѣĻԼ޽ٽҲԾԵ赲Դʴڡ
ľҪ磬Ҫ硣
ʲôҲԼĵˡҶ΢΢˿ʽˣеԴеҵϣҵ޽ٽ۷徳֮ҿԱӻסǣܹסԴʥһԪʱ֮ǾͻѽˣһԪʱ㹻ˡ
ס΢΢˵ͷ
ҶоԼʶ֮УǳԼԼڵУÿһӶһ嫵磬ÿһ֮жִľպ͵ˡ
֪ܹܲԴأҶȻЩᣬ૵ص
ԴӵԴ֮ģӵ֮ģӵл֮ģԼӵ֮ģƾľԼ԰ԴʴԼ޽ٽȴסԼ޽ٽסζԼĺ֪ǵֵסˣôζǽӴˡ
ҶԲԸ⿴ĳҪϵŷԼĽܹԴɢ
ԴⲢƶֻ֣֮һƬδĻѣܹܹݻˮԪʼ֮֮У̲ǧµɷ󶼻ᱻԴⱻնʹʼ֮еԴ⳹ױǣǵʼ֮޷ܵĵزʼ֮ų׳忪ȻͷųصԴ⡣
ҲǰݣҲԴ


560 籾Դ
׽֮мȡɵķͺñĶѰʿûģҶɾ޽ٽȴκβãԣܹɹȡɷ򣬳׳ɾɵҵλ
λ֮УʱѾͣɴƮ°ȻУҶ
ڲͣɵԼڿʼѿʼɳ˲ľ
һƬССҶ׹ӯɴ֮Уת۾ڻѩƬһڣϸСĽɢ˿
ɴüĿ֮УһƬӯӯ⣬Եùˣˡ
Ҷ콫ЩͶӰŮڣȻֽһöɵڶԪ񵤽
磬еˣɴıʵ
ҳΪ֮˵Ҷˮ֮Ǳ˫ޣʹʴ䡣Ѿ˼ᡣ
ҳɾ˴ƴ޽ٽӶᷨٶķǹݵӶȴǻԼĸ˲ٵҵ⼸δЩɽʿ׽֮У˲ٵĴ޽ɵķ
ҵ֮ȻѾԴ⣬ҵ޽ٽû޳۷ľ磬ԣڽʱûнֻ޷ӻǣҾҪһֵܹ֧Դʧ
Լ˹İŮвɵЩжˡ
ѵͷ˲ˣɾҵλˡ
֮Ȼ֮⡣
дɾߣдˣдߣдΡѵɾҵλ֮ҲҪζҪҲǳɵҪӦˡ
ҶЦԽǽӽˣԽǵİϾûĻᣬֻһΡ
İˣҲûʲô޵ߵˡֵصɵôЩ꣬Щûпô̤·֮󣬱һȥ޻ص·û׼޵أѾͷΪأ
˼ֻǻûкҶɴƮзһĨ飬ҶһЦ漴ǣס֡
ɴҲ˹סˡ
ĺˣǽеĻʱġҶ˼˰εֻ񣬺Ҫȥ磬Դ֮ء
ʵ֪Դ֮ʲôط𣿡
˵ƺ˼֡ҶһҪȥԴ֮أҵʸ
һҶȻǶսת
תתԺ˵ɣĪҪ⻰ˡҶȻͷЩĬĬس
Ҷɣȥ֮ǰ㲻ȥһ⡣һԵˮ֮õ֮Դ
Ϊʲôһɴʵ
Ѿ˼ˮ֮£е伮鵭صȻɾ֮ģ㱾ıԴۼȣԶԶȲȻԴЩûľѾܵˮ籾ԴĺܴӰԾɲԵʣӦȥ磬ֲһ²㣬ҪȻĻ⶷սʵˣ
˵ˮ֮һĨ޷ݵ˷֮⣬ԣˮ֮Դ֮ԴˮѤ̼ʮԪģԸóܲ˷ܡ
ҶȻ˼صͷ
ˮĴԴҶʵ֮Դ֮Դڣ
֮ԴʼʥУ֮Դ硣ˮ֮ɫƽǴӵ֮ԴһЩС֧Դ֮еģʼʥķʮԪᣬӵ֮Դ˻ƳȻ񸫣ն˵ͨ콨ľ
ˣһⲻҪʼʥײһΡҶͷ
ˮ֮̾Ϣеĵˡ
Ҷεҡҡͷ²˳٣ھȥһ⣬⣬ҽҲڵʱ䣬һȫˡ
ĺˣٲãҲֵ֧ˮ֮һЦӹ
Ҷûٳɣһ٣һ⣬Ȼֱӷ֮ϡ
ɽ֮ϵģһƬҺͻɽͳεĵƬϵ߮Ӧ֮ԴħЩħ鼫䱩꣬вʹ֣ȥݣƬλõһԲǧĻɽ֮ȴǴһ޴Ļ
Ͻǳ̫棬֮¹ͨɷ
ɹͨصĻͨȴǹ⻬ͨȻһһ㣬û˿覴á
Ҷеǣͨ쳹صĻ֮Уȴǳ׵ѵЩ䣬ΧǶ˵ĺ׾ʯӲĳ̶Ⱦѷɫ쾧Ҷ֪ΪĻȻ׵ۣ۵˼޵ľأΧĻ֮ΧԵЩ䡣
ΧĻȣħͣؿҶһ
Ҷ˼һ£Լȡһʯ棬ֻƬ̵ĹͬΪԵĻʯѾڻͰˡ
飡ۻ֮УȻƱŭȻһȵķ籩ΧԲǧڵĵ棬ܲɱȻһͱϸϸĻҽˣΧЩħﶼ⡣
ֻһССĻ汬ͽԲΪƽء
ҶϲϸϸѺۣɽʵʵصһȴʯжӲײˣԼ޽ٽȻõ˼޵ľأҲֵز֮ԴһѰĻ汬Ĵ֮Ȼܽʯ𵴳˷鵽ٷķӾء
Щϸϸһתۼֱ汬Ļ֮ڻһƬҺȻٴȴ˺ʯģˡ
໣һͷ޳ĻħֺȻӻз˳һĻ泯ҶϮ˹
Ҷϸϸ˼ţûдͷӰһƬɫˮƾͷħηУһ⾡
ഫʼʥеȻһǵ֮ԴĻһϸԪµȻֱʼʥͶ籾Դ֮мģʮʱ䣬żΣȻնͨ콨ľ
Ҷõˮ֮Դ֮޽ٽе֮ѾˣΪˮԴˮˮˮ֮ԴԼ޽ٽԼķӴԴԴ
ֻõ˻֮Դ֮֮򳹵ƣԼ޽ٽܹ׵ֵסԴ֮
ˮֻ̫֮£ƾԴҲվֵܹסˡ
𣡡ͷħζ򲻹ҶʱŭһĴؿ֮ȻһɽɫĻ棬Ȼըѱɢ˿ˡ
ͷħȻըˡ
üһҶЦһΡȻͷħһ籾Դ֮УԼؿ֮Ͼ͸ʴ˽ȥ˾춯صıըıըʹ


561 ɿ
ӿ֮Ļ֮Դӿ֮С
飡Ҷѩһ׻ģʵϳϸ΢Ѻۣ֮УϸСѺۡ
Ҷиоڵ򾧹·𿪹һ㣬˹ཹཱུķ֮еķ֮͡
˿˿ƵĻ˳ë緢˳˿˿
һ̣ҶоԼԪѾˣһ±Դ֮ıѾԶԶʤ׽ٵ򱶡
С֮£ȴһɵɫĹⲨڵԴԴת֮಻ͽڵƾƽˡ
˷ıɴ֮ŷΣҶסˡ
֪컯Ĵ֮֮֮أȻ̧һָ
һ֮УһӿĻ汬ը֮ը˿Ҷͻ֮ĿռתۼͱһƬҵļ󣬷·ܲסµķһ㡣
ͨ콨ľľ֮Դӿˮ֮ԴϣԴԴϵس֮
ڣɻҶִ̧ץһŰ׳ɫĶſһɣŰɫλ֮С
кȻһɻʼͣ仯ҵı鿦꿦쳹Ϣ
쳹˲֪ãͣϢˣȻٴ̧һץץһɻ븹С
֪˶ãҶоռ֮еһεͨ콨ľڻԼһˮ̫
ˡҶХһһɵ̻緢˳֮С
̣ɫĻ֮пƽҶʴʹʵҲ˱֮⣬һմը˿
ҶļȻ˺ںɫһɷ̫Ͼ֮е˳кȻһԼ궷սսöֻ֮ǰԼŻôһȴǴ֮
뵽Ҷпϲͨ±һȦһȦԴ֮ԼڽĴС̫ͼζ
ҶӱԴ֮˳֮ȫ£ԼմƬһ㣬һһش˵ϣͱƬˣ漴̧һ֮£һⲨɢ˿֮֮УȻѳ촷ۣȻ˵ͻƣдϲ
ʱ򣬸ûȥˡҶճһ
ҳôʹ࣬ƴҵ޽ٽҶЦһƺȻʹš
ڳɾ޽ٽͬʱ˻֮Դĺ֪˶ٴΣÿһȫᱻ𵴳촷ۣĽִѾ׵ɢؼˣַʹ֪ȴӲ
֤һߵߵľ磬ҪͻƣǾͺˣҪӵ֮͵̶Ѩ֮еҲü٣֤Ԫ񣬸Բô׵顣
ٿҶΧΪ籾ԴĳʱȴΧȻ۶һӲƥ쾧赣סҶ·
Ҷ쾧ڣ̧һһڷ˵һ֮һӾȻͱϸϸľۣҶЦһеĩ̧Ⱦͳȥˡ
һ˭ҵĶأҶжʱһɰ漴һѣոջ籾Դ֮ѾȾıˣ֪ظı飺ǵõõ֮Դͷ֮ԴС
ҶӱԴ֮з֮漴ͷصŮ֮УԼļλ֪ڵȴԼ
پõˡ
Լ޽ٽȻϵľأΪϣҲѾ֮أһܹġ
ҶصŮ֮к󣬼Ůһһ֮ŮʱΪϲȻܹɹش٣ؽҲõʲôˣҶҪ˶ҪؿƿԼ˸һҪ˵˵õĽԼ˾ҪӦˡ
ŮЩʱҶر𽻴ˣһܸΪҶȻģ鷳᲻ЩͽͽͻҵҶٸ򽻵
һνͣҶ˲ôˣֻܹ˼ԼŮˣ˶һߣ
ˮ֮һ˫͵͵ؿҶסҶеƣ˿ȻѾͷںƷζһ»籾Դζ
ŮҲɵغݺݵؿ޼ɵˮ֮Ҷ
ҶвɵؿЦˮ֮ȻѵΣǱԴȴͬӤһ㣬Ͼֻǵˮ֮УδӴ˵˫һֽܵϲŮҲڷǳΡ
ˮʲôûУҶʵ
ˮ֮ϣǰڷһ̣һ˫ѩ׵Ҷϣ̺ƻ𣬰Ūһ˿ʵҪ˼ʲôأ
Ҷ˷ۣϴξ֮Ҹоʶ֮лһżûȫնȥҵԪʼղơ
ˮ̾Ҹոհˣ⼸յĹܹżˡ
ŮǵϿ֮кȻƮһƬ̺ɫƲʣƮƮƵŮ֮Уһ۵ŮӴЦӯӯؿڳˣĿ̶µϡ
Ůʲôʱ˵ģôҲ֪ͨСһأŮЦеص
ҶüͷˣģЦݣһף֮һĸо
¾ȵصԭɿôпյˣ
ȻǳЦ½ˮǴߣŮķ˭˲֪СǰȻˡ
˵۲һᣬԱߵҶ
ϱĿҶɫޱ飬ˮ֮ȣλɿۼֱ԰ˮ׼һﲨװ˷ѵˡ
롣¿ڵȥƫȥˡ
ʵ׼Ҫʥꡣ¿ڵ
ʥꣿҶֵʵʲôط
ʥ꣬ݴһԪĴµıء¿ڵ⴦ʮǿĽƣһԪ֪ٸֶֿûд򿪣Ԫ֮ĩˣҪҶֿӦ³֮߳ɹǣֻҪɾ͹ˡ
¿ڵλΪľɫ˭һźŮҲЩĽ顣
Ҷ˵ͷλΪ֮εľ裬ҲѹˣܰһϿ˵ˣǺ⻹Ǵ⣿
³һ£漴Ҫøǣܲʥʱ֮У϶д޻ɵķ𵤡ܹõǳɵͲˡ


562 ʥ
ŮĿ⾼ؿ¡
Ҷ˲еĲ豭ǵֻǸоŮЩѡ
ҶɣҸոˮƲһ£һԱˮ֮һ澵ӣڵһҲͬӵתǲʲô飿
Ҷһʯ֮䣬ƺѾ˺ܶණ
żȻ
ʱܹδе񼫶࣬ԭɽ֮Ҳתɽ֮еѾ˼޵ľأȻҲѹƲס˵˵˴ǣΪߵˣԼǣľࡣ
˵ƷѾľˡ
ΪѾսľأνһʱ˼ԪᶼûԵ֣϶Ѿҵֱӽܶģ˶Ѿ
ˣǸо˲ϾԼĴɽһֱţԵظоˡɿйϵ
ɽԼͻʴʣɹƭ˲֪ٵ޵壬ȫļҲĿľΪҪӹԴ֮š
Ҷȥǣȴûʱ䣬鷳Ļһɵľء
ͺñ㷢ƣΪһͷȻܹһʶΪܽˡ
κηˣҶУ֮
˵ҲˣȥɣҰǡҶƬ̣ΪԷһ漴ȡ׻ͽɴһͶӰ
Խʱգƽпռ֮ҶʮֵĽ;֮жıǡ
ȻԿݣҶ㷨ǾԷֲ˵ˡ
ҶȻѾԵظӦλƺк⣬о˿кֻ֣ĻָסȴͷЩѾӵɵķˣĸˣҲδܹȫˡ
ԽһǺ֮ǰһټĽɫĿռ
ɫĿռ֮УģѾԽ˱ԴˮĹģƴƥ˸еĿѣԡ
ɿһ޵Ǿۼһ𣬿ǰȻҶ
Ҷһ
Ҷʱ򡣡ȻЦԱΧڶʿһ¡
ˡҶһ̧֣³֮鶨õķˣ߰ɡ
⣬̧׳һߵķȻչ˿һͨţֱֱزɫĿռ֮Уγһټͨ
Ҷʿ̤ͨһ·ֱӵعɫĿռ֮С
ոһУͨڣɫķ˸һ΢Ľ˹
⻯ĵǹꪼʸ֮Ķ̺޾Ұɱ֮ҵسɱ˹֮֮죬ռ価Ť顣
ɿͼʿЩ֮ƣʱɫ䡣
ˮ׼ҲҴʥꣿ˳˰ɣҶаһһӣ֮ͨɫĹȻͣȻ׷Ҷ֮С
Ҷָһ£е෨һ㣬ԴԴϵرڡ
Ƭ֮Уȥƽƽ棬ƺûʲôֵϢӿֲʿˡ
ҶûЩ֪һǵҪ֪˿ҪȴظӺķѷ
һ·ϣҶŲͥڽţƾΧĽǿһ漴;ƿ
¸¸¸¸¡
ĴŸˣӳǰһ쳣ƴ磬ȥƽƽģȴһ޷ݵ֮Ϊ֮ᡣ
ǰһƬƽԭҰ֮УɢٸżͭɢĿ꣬ȴǴһ޷ݵĲɱ֮
Ҷ̧һɢٸƬ֮У͸УٸƬ֮ȴ幹ɵģķƺһѪܲ
һķη˵棬֧ٸȻ˻ˡ
뻮һĲɱ֮ǰٸȻ۳һʵģѸٳǳɱ˹ЩٸڷûĻƽʿսۻƴ󣬾Ȼ˿ѷɫΪĸˡ
Щٸܵһ쳣ӳ֣ʹЩٸսǿʮֵǿ
ȻЩٸе֮ӿķͬ籩һ㣬תۼͽЩٸ飬Ƭ
ʱԶտԭҰУһֽ𣬽ɫĺĹâմء
Զһƺһӿ׵սﳱˮо޴ĳǹһƬһ㡣
ӥĹ£ʸ䵶
Ϊ׵һֳֽɫꪸɱ죬绢ڵ˵ǰ֮Χ˶Ҷ
Ҷһ֮£С˳ɫĴɽһɿ쭣һתݣ֮Щѷɫɵ֮һײ֮£ķ˿ˡ
𣡡һĳХУһԱսԽɱ˹гһꪣ˿˼С͵سɱ˹һĽ档
ꪶһȦ֮£ΧӿľľɰǹһĻӰ֮·׷׶˿һ·һɱСķַΧ֮дꪻȻһ֮£һɻɽľСһֱ֮ߡ
Ϸһ
Ҷ̧һ֮£СƮƮ֮Уһ̵Ѻ
͵һ֮£߼ʿǶû˵ʮⱬҲ׷׼籩һϮ˹
֪дһ֮£򵾲һ㣬һһ˳ȥ
䣡дꪷػ裬һ·ֱɱ˵ǰٶϾȻ˿Щٶ˰֡
ߺˣôʥ꣡Ϊ׵񽫣ɫףֳһ޴սꪡңңָҶ
ָ֮ҶüըһǵǻԼϵü΢΢ķɵذ
Լ޽ٽֻ±һָԼԪѾˡ


563 Ĺ
λͳ쵶Ӵʿɵ˿һ
ǿ⼸һһзľأֱӾ˵ľ档
˻֪λͳʽҶȴϳˣȻǱ㻯ģΪȴһһģȻҲʥҵĸ֣Ǳ֮УܳȥҲʲôֻܲͣĥԼ书ȭ⣬ȭѾʵתľˣѾܹ˵Ԫ
˵ȭѾչ˵ڶԪ񣬴ĳ̶ֳ϶ԣȭѾˡ
ʥȭľ磬ܹתʵȭתΪڶԪ
˷ԭΪǧһɱϸľɱ⣬ܹ˵Ԫƣʮ
ЩƱûɵıʵߵҲ֤·ӣе֤Ĺһȭһƣһ֮Уϵľһ㱬֤·ߵ۷ľأǺԣͶʹŽħκθҲв
һҶײˣҲѹˣЩʿǸʹ򲻹ЩѰı
ʲô߶ЩҶԾвɵذЩûıокܴĹ
Աߵɿ¶һ˿ƻɫ
Ҷ֣ɿӻóһֽһӣһɫĶЩһأ̾ͻ񽫡
ꪣֵǹһѷطӵʥʱ״ʱ˷һų˹֮меı䶼Ѿһټս󣬿ʼչ͵ĳЩ񶹻ɵıɱһš
Ҷɵҡҡͷϧɿȡˡ
ʥڵЩǺսĳɱĻЩʿԵֵסɿɱķȴǳɹعǵս
˾ͳˢһ·ֱͨ˻
ԶƽһƴĹߴǧɣΧƵİƺΰ಻
ȵҴ꣡
ػİ˸ͬʱ˴ĿĹâͬʱ
ɫսףֳֳꪴ꣬ɱݣ߿룬սư硣档
ɱλһеһ˹ֳָìƴһš
Щʿϵʮֵõе⻪֯һţ˴񽫸סˣΧʿǷ˷Щ񽫶񶷸ݣһʱɱѽѷ֡
ҪҪȰЩ񽫽Ҷʵ
ҡֵ޷ֻǸסЩ񽫣ҪȥĸѲҪˣػľѾľˡ
ҶͿ߽˻깬Ĵ̳֮µǾ޴ʯΧһ޴ʯĻƣ񷶥ϱ鲼ͼơ
վôһ֮УҶоһĺƴһ㣡
굽˭ģȻ˵ĺƴΰҶɵؿʵ
ҡͷҲ˵ʱһԪĿٵ֮һλ߿ٽɵģ֮λ߾Ѿˣҵϵõ֮󣬲֪ѶϢԭϼ˶ƲģѾıˣѾɹΧĿռ֮ǿʱˡ
ȻˣǾͺáҶĵشӦһ䣺Ǳǡ
ʯŸ¸µشˣ¶һ϶
ͨϣһͷ˶ʯ
ֻ˶׺Ȼ۾ؿҶƺסһ㣬з˵͵͵Хˡ
꿦꣬ͷ˶ʯƬ˿ϡﻩһء¶׳
˵Ҵʥ֮ܲУ֮д˳ĺ
һɹɵͳХ¡¡ƺۼԵϢһХƺҪ֮У˵궼Ҫ𵴵Ĵѣ궼Ҫɢһ㡣
Χ˱𵴵΢΢˼ֻټףɵ¶΢΢ֵɫˡ
Ҷ̧һӳؽͷն˹ȥХ֮漴˿汻նһڡ
ԱߵĿɫû˱ͷ׵֮ˣǼǰֳΧͷ׶˲һëȴҶһնһѺʵѹ־Ƕˡ
Ҳѹ֣ܹȵ󲻵ò¶ģ󲻵ѵػصķʽԸˡ
Ҷ˲Ѻа벻Ĺ޾ȻҲ˵̲ͣ͵ͨѰֻ¸͵ֵסһ˰ɣ
Ҷ̧һǣ֮£ĹѾ˹Χ̺˹ͷĹѣͷĹƺѾ϶ҶһˣƵ׷ѣһһ׷ݡ
أ໥׷֮µģҶѾԶˡ
Ҷһ˶ͷ׵ľˣŪֵزҶš
ͷ׳ԵȻ𣬷һ绩һ¾ͱ顣
һ¾ʹҶˡ𵴵ȫѡҶĽԼ
ͷ׳ʯȻһŤ·СɱܿҶһץͣҶݺݶײ˼£òɿ
飡Ҷһȭӭֻצ𵴵ձ飬ţֻͷϵײؿϣһ¾ͽײ˿
ߣҶŭһȻһ٣Ѿ仯˷أһѾסֻ׳İ׹ǣͷ׷˾޴Ťͷһק֮£˶ڿмٵطš
һһʼмٵطŤ
ȻôɡɿŵؿҶҰĴ򷨿Χľ
Ҷ˸ûչֳ˿ķɣȫǺʱͷΪʳչ쳣͵ɱ˭Ҳκβ˭
ͷ׳ȴ쳣Ľթ仯ˣصסҶַһʱ֮ɱ˸ѽѷ֡
ʱӳҶռϷ磬޽ٽĹʣķ򶼱׵ĵһһعݣˮһ㣬˫ǧһڵ£˶׳ƥ׽رѹסˣƾͷ޴ƴ˦βͣҶذڵϡ


564 ˫
ͷ׹ʼʩٴμСͼҶҶٴϵһ֮£ͷױһСҲСضס׼š
һһ֮вͣطţΧ˸ϡãҶںСر仯ţؽ

ͬʱԶһԽ֮ԶһͷνСȴҲ˹һ緢ҵײ˹
𣡡ͷ̬СΣһϢ֮ȴһŻ磬Լ˵ˮӿһ͡
¡һ£һɷ̫Ͼ͵ײҶϡ
һϵĴҶͷ֮ŷֻһ£ؽҶֻ׳׸ײֿˡ
Ҷƺһڿнʮ£ŻƽϢ֮ͷ׳׺ֻϸȴǲվһ𣬶ݺݵصֻǿ
׳׺ȻӴҵػζһ£ವһ¾ͳɱ˹֧ͬצһҶץȻ·ģ
ޣҶͷ׳͵طֿˣһ٣˻һߵĽ⣬˫һֱ̧֣־ץͷСס
ֻͷСһŤڿٿȻʧͷ׳һץ籼ףץš
ˣһɿӿҶٴαͷ׸һˡ
üһһһۣ˫走ͣζҶЦһ˲ϢŤתָ֮£һȦһȦͷͷ
ͷȴһ𵴵Գ˶һչͽ˸ţ
ͷϵļõһһᣬսƾԼ뻯ٶȺͷҶӲƴȴø䷨š͡ѹҶʱʱذӳֻ䷨һ˫òɿ
ңϢںһ壬ҶоԼһʦһ㣬պᡣصĴ򷨡
Ӱ˿ȭ
ͷȻһתȻ𣬻һ߰İӰһϸǧ˿һ㣬ವһ¾ͺҶϡ
һͼϸ޿ײȭ֮ҶӰȭӵ
ҶϷ֨֨ıļ˸âļƬ
в䣬вط˫走Ҷа̾ѡ
벻ͷôһʽɱ֡ҶһĲ˿ӰȭȻ˵һ֮£ȻֱԪѰֻҪһֻ¾ҪԪĥ˸ɾֻʣһɸɾˡ
ҶȻһ𵴵ȫҲĲӰȭȻһ˲ͱ˿˿˿ȭų
Ҷַ࣬˿·磬Χȴǿİľ
ָɽҶкȻ˿˿ƵĹâָһһɳĺƴ֮ݺݵѹͷϡ
꣡ȫǽڱҶߴҪеĶһ㣬˶Դɳݺݵѹ˵ص£һӾ˵صʮɣһʱ侹Ȼ޷˳
ҶĿкȻӰֱֳٸǣϮɱ˹쳹ءϯء
ҶΪ֮ȵǣɺɱ֮УȻžХƺصľʯ˹
ȥҶһȻذͷת磬ͷһ㣬͵Ⱥٸʿ˹ȥ¡һ£ȺٸʿоͱһƬĹ֣Ⱥٸʿɢ˼ܡ
ڳôҶЦһȻָһţݺݲС
ԭһ֮УȻˮ״һɫԲ̾ҶֻԲ渲ϸɳӰǸոΧҶЩٸʿ
Ҷָ΢΢һ֮£ⷽԲĽ⾡һץĨȥһƮƮ֮ˡ
ԭˣ̾ΧսЩŦһҶлȻ
ͷٴξͱҶֻͷβֻͣ¡һͷһٴνһ޴ĿӰˡ
ͷһ޳Ȼһչ֮»һںɫĹ磬ҶϮ
ţҶһְסԴۿͷٴηس˹ȻһӣСط˹ɫԴͷ
·رһ㣬ܲһײ˸ţһҶһ¾͸ҷ˳ȥڿзʮסˡ
ţҶָת֣һ¾ͽͷ֮Уָһ֮£һɺƴǣݺݵץͷ
߽һ˴ƬɫӰһһӰĹĻǧ˿̺޾ᾢ
ҶɫĮһԲس˹˫ֲ˹ĻУʮָ˺Ʋһ㣬һؽµϱھ˺ѿȻָһ֮£סͷԴͷҲˡ
ǵȿԸңҶ
ͷŭĿӣĬ
ʥţԴ֮żȥҲ壬ϴң֮ԻỹһɣȻֻܽڷΪԴˡҶڵ
˫ҡͷʥţҷҲزȥˣ·ľѾԽʥʣǷѾ꣬ǲԸΪʹͬ
˫֮ͫûоֻƽƣû˿η塣
Ҷȴ̬׷طʶѾһԪʹǵ̬Ѿ˾ͷѾûдȥɡ
ʱκĵˣ֪˷
ҲˣǲͬҶصͷԴ֮ŻаʱͻῪȡʥĲƱ³֮ԻὫǵȡתͶ̥һµǿԸ⣿Ը⣬Ҳ㻯ǡ
ҶƮƮһ仰νǵѨǶԣûбֻظõĽˣǷһķͨҲԸֻء
Դ֮żǵΪȻٸߣҲôˡ
˫һۣ¶ϲ֮ɫͷãһжµİžˣ´ΪʥΪƣҲӡѹһͷʥѹľħһͷųֻغƽ١
ˡ
Ҷһͷ˫˿ûж֣ѱظı


565 ˺Ƥ
˼ά֮УҶʵʤʥʵģҪɱȻǲѴ֮ˣĴ˵ĻȻǰ϶ʳԵģ꣬ԸֿҶ˵İţȴǵ¡ǺͷͶҶˡ
ԡ
Ҷ˵ͷڴ˼ɿƿơ
ɿȻûҶ֤ʵ޷ƿƣֻһһ˳ԶʿҲѾѹס˰˴񽫣˹
ҶɨŴ֮ΧĽȻеһƵı֮ڵлصࡣ
ʥʣǸʲôˣҶʵ
˫ĬȻ
Ϊ׵ʥʣۣһԪĸˣһԪѾԴĸˣϧΪλĸ򱣻ʥʱ³ܲʹ࣬Ǵʥ֮󣬾תȥˣػ⣬ʥ֮еһʯﻹһħͷҪġ
ԭˡҶ΢΢һ
ʱ˿̵Ŀȴһֻǹ˿ûгֵĴˣԱߵʿ˽ȫһֻģˡ
صƾһͷףžСΪ֮ɣٺ٣ҲǸɽˡ
ϴڵǰأٺ٣ǿôһٺٺٺ١
飬ȴ֪һѾ䵽ҶĶˡ
ҶЦһ漴ߵ˼䣬ͷ
޴ɨգֻצ沨뵣գҶεطסˣҶһװǱģצ˻һ͵ԱߵڶʿǣвɵЦͷ׵ķΪѾƽ۷徳磬Ҷܹɱģȴǡǡ෴
Ҷָһ̽צӰΧϾ׵˿ͷҶּСεѹˣѹͷѣƾ޷ɽѹơ
ͷѾѹסˣ̧һģֻٿȻڿСһС̬֮С
ڳеʿǶһ£ҶȻܹ׸סݷ֮ۻƴ󣬼ֱ˿ɱˡ
ֻһѹסͷ׶ѡҶһ°ָָͣǰǵŵǿʼϽʥĹ˵ɡ
ҶֶθǿСŮͶأȻˣǾȽڿҲá
ɿЦӯӯֻǶЩǿ֮ѣҶչֳʵֱ޷롣
¸¸¸¡
յĴش򿪣¶һŻˡ
һƬĿʣĵǹꪡᡢ桭к«ӡ֮ķ಻ʤƷǶʮĴ¯ֵ
һɳӯĵתıϼҫա
ɿЦ֣ʥرأ֮⣬ĵҩܹͻԪɣľҲ˵أ֣ǿ׬˴ˡ
ڳ˶ס˺ضЩƷû˵ȥץ˿ҶԱ߿š
ҶҲЩѾ˵ļһǣֱ˻λá
ſټķʯг˾ŹͼΣڿУ沼˵ɫĻƣɢŴĵʹǷʯЧҲ޷׵ķӡס
һʥʼɵҶ̧һһָ߷ɳͬʱ㼯Ϊһɣŷʯϡ
Ӳƥķʯ̧һ֮£˿꿦Ѻɢ˿תۼɢ˿ĴһƵ㡣
¶һȭͷĽ𵤣ŽΧ˵ĻӰƺӵһ㣬һɲǣ漴ͻһǣطŶȥŨĵΧ֮еĿոΪɱʱĵķƣ۸оʱһɨգ
üһԭϺõĵҩΧʿǻᵽѪȵĶһ㣬û˵һѷطӵϣʼ
ں걦֮еǧѾЩ˸Ϸ˸ɾˡ
ǺǺǣȻϺõĵҩȻӦòܷŹģ˵ǲأҶ֣
Ҷ̧ץסҩͬʱкȻѾɳһסŽ𵤣һ縫һȴǺݾسҶ̶ȥ
һļվһ㣬նһټͨˡ
ʲô˼Ҷеתŵɵâɾŭʵ
ȭĽ𵤣ЦصǸˣҶ֣Ů֮һΪ£ôռŮǣ
ȴǴһ˵ĺݶɭϢˡ
ҶֲôӲʶûǺǺǣ
գȵõ˱أռŮǣ֮ϲԱߵһʿǷ׷׿Цܵƨˡ
Ǹո֮кķķֻ»޷أ
Ҷ֣ɣ
һһƺҶѾǵĽˡ
ӲţҲÿûʵšҶȻһЦֶεȷǺܸߵģھԵʵǰȴǺЧ
䣬Ӱһƿգʵʵն档
꣡ƿննҶؿ棬ľҶŷǺͶѺ۶ˣб˻ȥˣ׻ɢ֮Ҷ¶ļȴǺ
㣡Ȼ𣡡ӼҪ˳ŵؿҶطһŵλãؿڴĵѺתۼͻָˡ
Ҷ˵˹صȻڲ˽ҶγֲأΪ̶ֳȵ˺ҲҪҵ׸ٺôôΪ
ԱСȻƮƮˣͷѹȻ𻯳һС״ƮƮԼ֮ˡ
ڳеʿǶˣΧʿ˫̲סֵؿҶ
λӦǺ𾪰ɣǺǺǡҶЦ֮ڶ
ţҶָһץ֮£ŽƮƮ֮УԱߵĿѾɫһƬɷףֵؿҶеĺɷȴǲû˿
֪ѾƤһҧתͷԶļʿȵǻҪ֣


566 ʥͶӰ
֣Ⱥ֮кȻʮʿͬʱ˹սһɱ֮ƵĴˢˢּ
ǧϰټͬʱҶΧת֮£һټľŹͼɢĹ磬ȻбԴζ
ҶΧֵصôҪգô
Χռ価ȾһƬɫ󣬿ռȻճƥ˽͵̶һ㣬Ҷ˶סС
ǶֵҲĬתգԱʮ͵ĽҶ˹
䣬Ҷûζѣһɲ֮䱻ǧ֮࣬ըѺͻǵ
Ľϼ׹˸֮ҶؿڴλȴǺˣΧȻ˻ȥ
׹һ֮󣬳־ɿڶʿǶѾ¶ЦݣѾʼ׼ҪȥŮȡһЩˡ
ǴһɢںҶЦģ˶ʱ͡
ѾǲǾ͸ֵأһȺ׳գҶָƽƽ̽˳֮гһŽɫĹ򣬺Ȼָһ󣬽ɫĹը˿һɫɢ˿
ɫƣ֮еķ򣬶ѩһ׷ڵˡ
һ֮䣬ҶȻƵ˵Χ
ֻʣǧѾӵʶڿУɵɵ㶵ؿҶ֣š
ЩĵʽҵЧһ㶼ûС
Ҷ˿ϵѺֻ̧ۣһ֮£ɫ˿»裬һ޴磬ЩѾ֮ˣɫ˿߽Щΰһš
ЩʼƴЩ˿ߣҶ޽ٽķ׵ģԴһķܵԴƣȫκεЦˣƾЩ޷ѡ
Щ
ڳʿȫƵزһʿȻû˵תܡ
ܵ𣿡ҶЦһȻ̧һ֮£кȻһˮεĹĻֳʿһײ˽ȥ֮תۼͱڵĸɸɾһ˿Ҷû
ĳڳеʿٿȻˣؿҶģ
׻˭ܡҶۻΧɵЦһֻȻЩ·ЩеĳһѲˡ
ҰɡҶûЩ֮еʿǣָֻ΢΢һɫ˿ߺݺЩ֮УתۼͽЩ֮ڣȻĻҽվȵʶ
Ҷ˵Ȼָһ̣һڰкȻ֮УÿһϷһϸСĺڶȻֻصֻͨأ
ЩǼسţɫ쳣֣ͷϵֻصͨѹ£﷢ˡ
ЩҲʶģȻҲ̰ģܹţѡ
ԸӴ˳ˣЩƴطˣݵҶĶ
ͶˣҿЩҪЩʿǸйˡҶЦһתͷЩӵʿǡ
Ҷתͷɫɷ׵ĿٺЦһЦȫݡ
㻹ʲô˵ôҶ赭дص
Ҷ֡ոաǡᡭͷЩˣ߶µص
ҶϾص᣿˵úã˼ǣҺܺͿᶼֲ
ʧҲ˼
Ҷɫתˡ
˿⼸£Ҳ͵ǳ˿·֮ȴնɱеĹ˼ɣɱ㣬ȴѾûй˼ˡҶЦһȻ̧һžУȻһ֮Ŀռ価ı˿
һոҪܵʿɨûϢ
Ҷ֣Ҷ˵˵ָʹɿҪ䣬Ҷָһ󣬾޴Щ˸ˡ
㲻ýʲôҲûйϵеʱ⡣ҶһЦ̧һĨȻ˹ȥеĿռ֮ڡ
һʿŵҶĪҪǺôҲǡ
Ҷøٶϻˣкһһɹ֮ʿּסһǣȻڹڹ⴩룬ȫӿһʿʱͱͨһʹӿһ㵭ӰȡˣҶ޽ٽֻصͨȻĨɱȫе飡
һʿҲ漴ͱ꣬еʿɫıӰһɨ֮漴ͱݺݵسе꣬Ҷֻصͨ޽ٽѾһֲ赲ĵزˡ
ҶеһĨ
ΧոҶֵʿͬ¹Ľһ㣬ͨͨشӿˣˤ˸Ǿ㻹һ˿Ϣ漴Ҳûκζ
ǱҶֻлǵһ̣ϵռҲѿոձߵ׷䵽Ҷ֮ˡ
ɱ˵ķʽֱǲš
ıڱ׵ĴˣŻ˵Ŀ
ı֮УֻǾһԲ״ʯͷû˿Ļƺͷ䣬ֻһȦɫ󣬽͸ĹⲨ֡
ʯͷǵҲ
ʼ֮ľ
֮ʯ
ʯͷҶ֮УһգĽɫӡȻˮһҶȻеȻپתƺǰؾߵ˹һ㣬ؿʱӰ䣬Լǰ֡
һκƴļȴˮһʶ֮С
ǰһƬޱ޼ʵһƬ֮УԴһմŴ󿪣Χ֮ڻϣɫĴſأƿգӵк֮Ծڻ
λĻȴֳǿҵ֮赲סմĹâΧһһرɫĹâ׵ڻ˿
ֻʣλߣǵ˼޵ľأߴɣҪƾԼӲصԴ⡣
Դ֮£ĻǣʼһһرʴС
Ȼ䣬λߵһڣȻȻ𣬷ɳһٻӰǣݾλεһЦ·̺޵ľ֮⣬ذ׵һ󴺷㣬ḧգĶͷһǣ֮£Ϊ΢ǣʹš


567 
λȻ˾춯صŭؿŮӻ֮С
ؿţһһľմڷɳȻ֮л˷ɻңɢˡ
λߴգۿȻѣѪ£շ˺ѷεİ
һŮɢ˿УѾɢ飬ģѪ
ûǣȻӵ磬Ȼӵ޵еʲôأ
ĿͶԶλͬɹĵˣ̬Уȴ֮һ㣬ǰĳ˿ûж֮ɫֻһĨĽ
Ϊ׵һλ˲ҵһЦԣ˴ǵ
˵꣬Ȼ⣬ٿȻͶ֮УǴķԴ֮ء
Ƕˣȴҹϣγʹߵ͵͵ૣ漴Ŀ͸˲Ļ磬˼С
иŮ֯ëѪȺӣȻʼȷԴ
ʹǧ꣬ǧ꣬ǧꡣ
һԪһҵԴƽ֮Ҳֿ䡣ʯһеʯϡ
ʯ֮Уرһײеۣû뵽ɣҷˣǶȴҶɹ٣ķˣʵее
ײе񶾵ݺݵشŻߵ
λߵü䶸ȻһĨĿĵĺһɻصԹŭעʯϡ
ߵ˫ĿȻۿѿѪ棬ħһ㡣
ԶԶһϸ΢ȻλߵͷλΪ֮һ塣
һԪһһԪֲġ߳ճյգۿն
һģħʥ嵭صһ֮ǰͼʯ֮дŰɣȴٴתٻٰ˽֮е
˵꣬һȭԼϣһı죬͵͵³һɫѪŤһ˶Ӱʯͷϣ·ʯͷܽһһ㡣Źƺ
ۣȻҷӡң㡭㡭ʯ֮ħʥ춯صŭ
֮ʯ֮ˮҽҵļԹӡʯϡߵڵ仰һ˲䣬Ȼ˿ɫӣڿŤһŤķܵʯ֮Уʯӡ
ţλһƿˮһ£˫ĿһѪɫˮ¡
һ㵭Ͷ˼Դ֮أߵ촷ۣɢ
ҶվãѾӳ˼֮˹۽ǻ
ʯ֮ˮǵʼ֮ӿҶʯģɫį
Ҷü֮кȻɳһŵҲƵ˼άڿƬ֮漴Ȼɢȥˡ
Ԫ֮һ䣬ڳ׵ˡ
ۣڿ԰ĵȥˡ
Ҷ漴ץڿеʯ
ܹΣҶЦɲҵĶ֡
ʯԼһɫķӡ״ǳڴҶһ֮ӡȻɢ˿
ҶĨӡһ̣֮Ȼһƹһɳɷ֮һɫ쬵һ´з˳
ɺڵһңȻ֮£һźתۼ۳ʵ״ˣźȻһ͸ߴ󣬻Ƭͷ˫ǵħˣһ˾޴
ħһأ漴ȻһһԪѾһԪţ
ۣ㵱ӡңƿˣħذ죬һ
ԭۡ㾹ȻѾҶȥô˺Ȼӿ侲֮кȻĽɫһ֮̾ǰ
ĿȻתԱߵҶٺЦһãϷѾһԪûѪʳˣס
˵꣬һɺɫͷ˵а񣬷˺ٺٵЦ
ǰҪѪʳסҶ۹һȻЦһ֮£һ죬ԱЩʿǵ嶼Ѿ˹
ȻѾǼǰʿҲ˲ǰҶˣû˵ſѪڣЩʿ˸ɸɾڿдԣɺģѪ֭Ľ
˽ڳʿ嶼˸ɾɺɫĳͷһ£쳤һħʥѪʳٺٺ٣СӣôɵķϣѯʵĻᣬɱ㡣
ԱħʥͬԱ˵һ㣬ʱû˹ˣ棬һԪʱ䣬໰Ҫһйڡ
ðҶһЦ˿Ϊ⡣
ۣǺεΪδδ˵λ۵Ļ˺ƴȻľ磬ܹ㾳أӦòǷ֮Ҷ˼ЩϤһԪ֮е֪ʿȴûһܹܹš
ոڵļ䣬ֻһԹͶݵĳȴûκμƽеļѾһԪԴ֮С
۲һԪʿһԪʿɫЩһԪ۲֪õ˶ٵ赲סԴڻϧԴ֮ߵȻĴԴʥɢһɲǼ䣬Ҳͳ׵ĺľеķˣƴһ˿̺꣬ʯҳ׵ķӡȻվûгɾʥͣмˣԴ⣬ӱһС
ŶôģҶЦ
ħʥ˵ȻЦٺ٣ֻŽҷӡȴû뵽һȴǻҲӴ˾ͱܹԴ⣡٣Կ˵ʼ֮ţɹ˶ˣ͵óܶҵԲŻڶɹԴ֮ؿԼİŮһһıԴڻ鲻ȻҲֻʬ⣬֮ѡ䣬˭֪תȥ
˵ħʥһĨˣҲϷŹңȻҷһԪ
ҶɫһĨصħʥҸոտļ䣬ʵ󲻸ö˵Ǿϻŭ۵ģ۶ԹޣȫתƵˡⲻܲ˵ˡ
ҶЦ


568 º«
˵꣬ĿתҶٺЦСӣû׼۵תأ
ԭˡҶͷ˵תء
ǻǲǣҪˡħʥһЦҿ԰㵱һɱҪĥ꣡
Ԫˣһػһ¡ħʥķߣѾֹϸԪˣѾ׵ľˣҲδܹˡҶЦҲ˵ɽеʼʥˣǰҲδֺùȥ㻹Ƿɡ
󵨣ħʥ˫Ŀųҹ⣬жʱХƷ
ҶȻض
ããϸԪħʥݺ֮Уδ˵Ҷħʥ˵֣Ҫ˵ľٶˣܺãбҪЩʲôһԪʿǶסħʥ
ħʥ˿ЦĻȻת˺ڰ֮ɫ֮кȻķ
ҶͱܿһǣЦ㱾ѾˣҲ壬֮㻹ȥɣ
ͫ꣡ħʥٺЦһ˫֮иԳֳͫںڲѪɫһȥΧվȾ˿
ΧĿռ䱻ͫĿһ֮£ȾһƬɱ
ҶЦһּٻζ֮£Ȼʩչ˰ӰȭһīȭӰĺڶӭͷײ˹ȥͫ⽻
ħʥҽһһֻͫը˿±ѣڵħƹ
ħʥҶضغ֮
󷨣ħʥȻһŭ𣬺ȻҲһ£һͻߡ
ÿһ߶һħͷظ˹Ҷϡ
ЩһѹסһֱԪ
ܹռҵԪ񣿡ҶЦѣħʥܹռΣɲҵĶ֣ҵԪ񣬾ԴⶼⲻãΪ˭ϹŶûʥ֮ģȻҶ޼ٸԪᣬҲá
ԣħʥһȻٵήˡ
Ҷһһ٣һ𵴵ɢ˿ΧħͷȻڿͣͣ漴׷ڻۡ
ħʥˣŵؿҶȻһоͰķ˸ɸɾ
ħʥһ͵شгɱ˹ݺݵҶ
Ҷ̧һ֮£һɴ̩ɽѹϮħʥһƤһ㱻ĵڵأſڵ϶ˡ
ħʴ
ħһ˫һ𣬻ȻһȦһȦĺɫһ㣬Ҷ˹
ħʥһԪͬСɣڱ֮ǰҲһº«κɱ¾ԣº«ȴʼ޷ʹֻܳ䵱ռʹãڵº«֮дʹԼȻȴɱʧΪǲįõº«ڣٳһ磬ĻôһԪǵðΪӲɡ
ϧº«ɲֻܹܵռѡ
ذ޹⣬һһ羡ںɫڻһɹ״ĶҶסȻʼһһεĸʴ롣
һԪĶԹȴҪϵһԪˡҶ̾Ϣ
ħʥʼʥĸħȻʼʥĵиۼɱ¾棬Ҫʼʥ˷භ֮£վȾ޻Ȼ˸оһ޷ݽ֮
գħʥΪȻٵصز
ҶˮȻһ£޽ٽ𵴣һ𵴵ĹⲨɢ˿Χƹ˸ɾ
ħʥɫȻȻ̧һӣһֻɫС«Ȼ֮мֳҶ˹
ҿҵĵº«
º«֮ɢ͵ĹⲨ
«棬ֱ׭ˡ͡¡֡
º«һҶȻоһϣԼľ·ҲܵĳԼһ㡣
һ쳣Ӵ֮Ҷһһ˽ȥ
ҶоԼľ׵Ľסˣһһֻתš
º«º«ҶȻ˹Цº«ее߷֮ܵħʥе޵£ܹʹº«λɣ
䣬ҶѾº«ȥˣЦ֮ڶ
úãҶ̧һͷһһٿȻ
ڰ׹֮Уһźڰۣ֮ضסֻ«ֻƿմƶһ㡣
Ҷŵº«Ϊս֮Ǽее£һδɱ¾޹ڵڵ£ң
˵̧꣬һӣº«׶˵ǵѾҶһ´˿
ЦħʥȻһ¡
Ϊһ˿̰ȴһۡҶ«Цһ
º«תһ£Ȼâ򻯳˽ڡ˿˿Ƶعȫ
ҶĽϷ˿꿦ѵ𵴵ȫ졣
ħʥҶ漴ת˺«׼ħʥЦصͣ
ħʥ¶˿־ɫһתһߣ漴쬵һ¾ͱº«˽ȥ
«֮ɢ˿־塣
ˡңϹشͨҶ׸㣡ԸΪūΪͣħʥ쳣ĲҽӺ«֮дݶ«ҵضݣֻǳƬ̵ĹһƵĺӺ«ŷ˳˺ɫԼɫ쵵͸Ӱ˳漴׷ҶһȻ׷ɢڿˡ
ħʥļ䶼Ψһûбסವһ·УͶããʱֻ֮ˡ
ΪūΪҲ塣ҶһЦԴ֮ȻΪԶԶʤ㣬ҪЩϹͨк壿ϹͨȻӵóǧķôҲص۵ĸޡ
˵ֻ꣬˻Σһһڻħʥ塣
䣬һ֮£׷컨䵽Ҷͷˡ
Ҷıɫתγһ½֣תš
ɱħʥĴа񣬾ȻõĹ£ҶоЩ˼顣
ħʥһԪҲǼħͷˣѺһԪɱ֮ȻܵõôĹ֮
ϢɣħʥҶ̾Ϣһ
ʱ˿̵Ů֮УҲһǰδеĽ


569 ɽ
Ůڴʱ˿Ȼңһࡣ
ͻһȺʿǣһֱһ·ֱͱŮ֮Уһ·ͣ͵ֱڳۡ
ҵǣαʿ֮ѾۣÿδҶȥʱɴƮ塢;Ѿۼһ𣬻۵˴˼ڣеҲˣһֱûз˾ģΧµҲѾڰڣһֻӬԽ磬ҲĶĿ
ѷֲͷḻɴֱӾͼеȻּҶͶӰۡסˡ
վæҵЩͽǡ
ȥˣЩ˶ǳǷġˮ֮űǡһ£ɫȴ쳣侲˵ˣٽû᲻Щͽڿ뿪Ҿ뿪֮ͲٻˣҲκ˷ĺȡ
ɫһʱ䳹׽סˣˮ֮֮дһֲɵϣû˵˿Ρ
˵ˣˮ֮ΪҲԶԶʤ
˷ĺȣ͵˵ĺȡˮ֮صҪΪ˼ûõͽҲס
δ޴Ӹ޴ӷˮ֮µĹأκ˼̤
ɴĵһԼɹ׽֮󣬵һǧȻˮ֮뷨
ˮ֮һ֡һƬէ֡
һߴɵıεضɡһ㣬ŮڰʵʵģŮΧһƬ粻ĹĻɫĹĻǳֳһƬ粻ɫΧϮʿסˡ
ЩʿΪߣΪ͵ҲѾɵΪˡ
ţϵıԴ֮ĺɱӱ֮дĽ񽫣񶼴֮гɱ˹Щûǣƥʿɱһš
Щ֮һɫС˶̤ŷ𣬺תֳһϸĽǹڿ˵תţɫС˶ٶȼ죬ÿÿ̳һǹȻһʿķҲˡɫС˶תҲ죬֮Ӱ
飡
ɫСմ֮£Ϊʿϵ෨һ˿
һɲǼ䣬ɫĳǹС˾ͻɱΪʿ켣ɵ֮УûɱЩʿëѼѪ֮ЩʿȻᱬЩʿһҪǹСħͷһʱҲ޷ץס
Ů֮еĶҶļҾ죬ҪŹǣǶûȥͰһƽ۵ʿ
ԱߵʿǺȻӦŵ֮£ͷһ˹ƺ޲̾ͽ˺ɶ¡
ŮµŮǲȻŭ
ڣɴ̧һͷϵһŻɫĹⲨɢ˿
չϵǿһͨع鱾Դ
Ⲩɢ֮ˮΧʿǣȻоȻһ飬˷·˲֮һ㣬漴ҽϵ֮ܽһ֮£ѾƤͷڻ˸ɾʿϵķڣķ˽ȥˡ
˵Ǻ෨ǣϵһɲǼҲڴˡ
ڳеʿû뵽ҶȻôһɱ֣Ȼ֮£ŵ÷׷׺˿
ɴص޷ǳŷģκβ÷Ͷǽ֣٣ڷ¼Ļǿ¾ҪЩС֮ͽˣĪѾ˻ع֮ţǵȴˡ
Ů׷׵ͷǣæȶ׵صȴҶķء
֮еȻΪߣͨ˵֮ԴԴɱ֮ɱһһټҶͶӰɱ֣ʹЩʿ˲ᣬһʱȴҲˡ
ʱ˿̣֮еɼҲѣƬ֮󣬾ͣϢ
Ҷź«Ȼأɫ
ƾħʥݺһԪ޵УʼʥݲܹƥҶѾΪ˵º«֮С
Ҷ̧һţɿѾͷ˳
ɱľѾҶˣѶɿʱ
ʿ֮УֻʣһˣµؿҶǲŵɫ
˵ɿΪʲôЩ˻ᱻ򣿡ҶֶŲӣЦǲţȻôֱǡ
ۿںɫֻԼͷϣɷףһҧԸ׳ңеķУˡ
ֻ֮ͷϣٿȻоһϵĴԪֻҪҶָһԪͻᾡճ˻ңٺҶˣаذûڣԼΪһʱ̰ƣȻӦǸ쵰ôһ˭ǲõ
ˡȫҵ£
ɵعڵ£ϰڳһģ漴ʹӻȡһֻˡõҶ֮С
ѾʱˣȻʲôϷ֮һöǬӰɣҶЦһ־ס˽ңһ仰ֹס˿ͼҵ޽ٽǻ綼׶ըƣοöǬأ
ʱӲסˣ׼˵ķѾסˣá
ҲˣɽѾľˣӦʼ֮ſ֮󣬽ӻɣڲ֪ѧһϴֵܹĻƥǡЩԵ嶼ѾЧˣ֣ҷŹңҷ֮󶨻ΪǰõҲܹȻȹ١
Ҿ͹ϲǣѾʧˡҶЦɾΣʼʥҿʼ֮ŵǰסԼ죬ڣеһݹǰˣƾʲôڣ
ʼʥ⡭ôܣɫ΢䣬е
Ҷ΢΢ҡͷôûģǸ϶ҹĹҶ˵ĻȻҺ˵ȺǾȻˡǲ⣬ֻҪ쿪Ӳдˣ˳ƭЩеļҵѡ
ɫɷףȫ
¡ҶЦһֻ⽫ȫ¶סˣߵ


570 ʱ
Ҷ˵֮䣬ָ΢΢һ󣬽һҷ
һϸСڶȻг֣Ǭһ֮£һ˿Ѿôسȡ˳
ҶָһմıѾ̶ԭأãֵؿҶĮģ
׼ҪҳʣֱѯأҶƵصһʼҾ֪ûк⣬ֻû뵽ܰô˵һһĻͲҪĺˣҲҪҪǧĥ
ҶȴǴһ޷ƥеĺݶ֮ĿҪ˹ȥһ㡣
еıһ¾ͱҶݾĻɢ˿ˡ
Ҷһ䣬кȻһټĺڶﴫ޺˻Ŀȫ飬Żһ㡣
ҶֲҪ£˵ʲô˵ɽһǧöƷɵԸҶ֣ܹҶֻɱٸһǧţ
˵ԭ֪ļһϴοڵûɱҶȻЦһĿʮа˾Ҫǵ֣̽ˡ
ڣɽ죡Ȼ˻ȻҪӣ㡭㵽ʲôΪ㵽ǡ
֮ǸǾͶˡҶȻЦ
λＫթգǸǷŵ˼䣬϶ҲһŮӣɽ֮УҶԵʵ֮£һжһЦѡ
ʯº«֮Ҷ漴ȥˣһһټŻȻ򿪡
꣡
һ֮£ҫ˼ŷҫΧһƬɾʡ
ⱦ֮гЩ֮⣬徭Щ˿˿Ƭץ֮ΣɫƬ棬нɫ֮תϢͨѡ
ЩƾƷ֮Ҷȴǲصһô꣬õɷŽƷЩۣʥʱУȴô඼ҶǾƷЩѾ㹻ԼŹԴҲ˵
ҶҲɣſһ֮£Ͽһڶڡӿȫһˬ
Щ֪ܲܰԴʥɢأҶ˼Ƭ̣̾Ųܰɡɽңðɽ׶죡ɽҲǻˣΪã
Ȼһ̧֣ػ֮д˳ҶḧͷĴԴȻָ˾һԴ֮С
ͷûеķ򻯳ӿ
ڣȻ˷ɻҡ
Ԫ񽥽˳Ҷףǵͷϡ
ŮǵΧҲвƽ˼ңҶͶŮ֮еȻе˼ҼȻжɻ
ʼ֮ſаʱ䣬㹻ͷͷϵˡ
ҶҲѾ£ǧѲԴҲͲٹЩ飬Ҳûļҵʿüͷˣɽһս֮еʿȴԸеļҲӴЧŮǣ漴ͱҶһˮ˹ҪͶҲҪѱӻǡ
һ˵֮Щ̰Ƥ޵ҵļ嶼ֻܻطȥˣҲҶǰἰˡ
Щһధ֮󣬼ҶģҲ֪˴𰸣ҲˣЩԴҶȻҲ̰ͼˡʥ֮ݵ衣
ҶȭʥĹڲķ𱬴飬漴һչеĶС
˻֮󣬺漸һƬˡ
ͷϣҶһһɲԤкȻӿͷ
Ҷָţͷ亹
ţȻ˵ߵ
Ҷжʱӿһɱŭһ㣬תһٵŮ֮С
Ҷת漴ͼٵطصŮ֮С
ŮΧѾݻˣŮĵĸۡλãڶĻⲨֻʣ±һ㣬ԼǵͶӰܣʮɸֵΧ֮£ҲǱˣأڷֶųǹΧʿ񶷲ݡ
ŮǵϿУѾȽȽԴ⽫ŮǾסˣɴƮ塢㡢Ů;ƴĵ˷ͣسס
ɴѾ˻ع֮ţعԴʱ˿ҲѾķ˲ˣʣɴСһȦѡ
ŮըĿʣ﷨ȴ̲˾޴ɷ𺳡
ΧΧʿǷ쳣ĸɽɵΪˣĴķ𽥱
ǲ֪Ҷһɣ·ڶʿǣغŮǣɵͷȻŭ
У˿һ㣬ɫ˿ߴӿзƮƮƵط˹ȥЩʿȻһ֮£漴ͱЩ˿߸ض֮£ڵ磬𵴵ʬ޴棬Ѫɽͬڵ෨ĶѾ׸ȡ˳
ΧʿƲҶ˻Ӭһ㣬̧һĨ֮£һƬذǶɨ
ЩʿǵڵϣѾˣһҶû¡꾡͵ֻؿռ֮Уʱ䳤ӵĲͣĥ衣
һȺ֮ͽ
Ҷָһһѹʮʿͬʱѹڵϣȫ˿ͷ͹ԼпռƬɳȥĿģܵ˾Ĵݲѹեһ㡣಻ԡ
شǾԶûشˡҶָһץ֮£Щʿǵ鶼УҲղЩɵóˡ
ϾЩҲǾʱĥˣôٵʵ̫ϧһЩ
ҶҪľˣ˲Ǳ˾ɱǧ
֪ļһǰҷŹ㣬ȻҼҾ⣡Ī꣡Ҷаŭһ٣һš
Ҷ̧һ֮£һŮϣɴŮķѸٻָ˹
Ⱥʿһ֮Ůʿǣŵ֮ززˣټһŮֻ֮ʣ˴èСèֻ
ɴŮѾסҲǲеˣЩѾ˵ʿǣҶҲ⣬˸ʡ浽Դ֮ſʱԼһŮٿ޿᲻ãʱԼ鷳ˡ


571 ɽһ
һԪ۾ôġ
۲û֮ģȴӵʯܹԴ⣬û뵽ͷǹһ
ΪħʥԵʣ̫أԴȫۼϣԼվûܳܵס
һԪҶصޡ
ҶµһԼҺĻ֮Īˡ
Ҷص˵еĺ«һ֮£ЩʿǷ˾ֵĲҺУ漴Ҷߵһº«ת֮ͽ䳹ڻһ̲ŧѪֻʣеķ뷨ˡ
º«ǵ֮ȻȡԪ򣬵ȴڻһ飬Щʿ飬ŭһ֮£Ͷֻس֮Уûˡ
ԴȳȻʼʥãɽֺαؿ֮Цöմһ֣
ֺأ
Ҷһ̾ô˵ɽѾ£޵֮мȫԴȻԼԹôȴøȡЩԴ˻걦أˮ֮ԴټɽдҵԴԼƾ޽ٽܹеԴ⡣
ͲظһԪĸˡ
ۣҶЩʹĸо
棬ɴƮ壬ˮĻһ
ҶһĨɱ


ɽɽ֮еĻС
־ơ
̸ЦԵ̬֮һɨʧҶʱǷҵģԭɽ֮еһλתΪռȻ¼£ɽ֮󣬼ӡ𲽸գѸٵһյΪиһ졢ʦųҲҶˣſ
ɽ֮пνҪ÷Ҫ꣬˭ҲȲɪˡ
˵źǾΨһľ޴֮еͷҶˣϧɾ˽ɣ޷ͻϰص˴֮УѰҶҵҶ֮ȴǡǡҶ޽ٽһͨô򣬴ͷܣ٣Ҷ֣ò쳣˶ġ
ıܹʵڶиһ֮ĵڰС
նɱĽħγɵ
ݺݵؽҺһ³һ׹˸ƺѾҶԼǰԼߵͷĵĳˣиӵ־
ʱﻹе֮ʿķ緶һħħͷ̬ˡ
ҶȻҲ֣û˵ļҾ춯ְЦһоһ˸ãԣץ
һԵЩʿͳͳ½Ͷɽļ壬ҵӵܡ
ԱߵһʿƨүѾչֳҳϣʼ֮ſ֮ȫҪпˡ
ַģֻҪǰЧɽ֮һǱӻǵģЦƺģѾûˣ˶Ѿūһˡ
Աߵʿ޲ҡͷЦѣֻȾơ
Ȼ磬ɽſţҲ˱һ˿ϣսսؽ˼ļҵɽУС˵İڲ
ɽƭˣƭȡЩл۵ļҵҶôģΪô¾޴ҵܴġ
Щ˼ȻˣôɱǣԼҲᵣմȾҵɽѾΧɵļҵƭˣԼʱ
һɽġ
ԱߵһЦҶС֪ȻǵٵǰǺǣذߵļҾץʲôٵǰֺ
е˾࿪ʼЩʧˣҲطԱߵŮһش󣬾Ʋˮ۵طˣˡ
ɽɽĴ֮һ֮أ֮ڣһڶУͷԼƮƣʱʱس˶ҹɲħͷȵӰ֣Щħͷ¸Цţƹ⣬ǲâѪߴȺ͵Ҳӳյ˼֮⣬֮Ŀġ
ΪΡҳɾͷ߻۾üݲչ쳤̾һ
ڸʲô
ߺȻ۾̧ͷһͷ̧ٻһ¡
ΧǽȻһֲֳָ񽫣̬ƥڣүں硣
ɽ񽫣취ʿӵͨ쳹֮ܣƥ
߰üһʣþò
ãüͷ漴ָƽ֮ɫſе磿ɣ֪ζĻˡȥɡһѲá
ߵͷһɵʣеֺΧ޵ƽͷˣһֻƵĹâͷ䲻
ɽĴ֮С
٣ʱҿͰ˵ļҾҺˣܹϴٵˣҵǺʶһһɫڵа֮ɫ
СӾǸĲ̰ɫıԣ㣡㣡Ц
ߡ
Ļ䣬кȻһŭߣѿһ˿ۼһĽȻӿһ¾Ķͷϣɫڵ߶ûһͷ­Ȼѣ֮£˶ʱԪͬˡ
Χ˴ؿ³ʱɫ䣬һۡ
Сӣͳ仰Ҫѹھ֮أĥдһĵˡ
ݣһӴȻν˴֮Уһ࣬ΧĽƾȻ޷赲һ㣬һ˴֮У֮жʱɭɭģƺѩ˰㣬˻ݡ
ƺѾǵǵԪ񶼸׶һ㡣
ոձնɱԪѾסˣ֮зذ
ڳеʿѾɵΪˣǲ֪ģһ֮£Ȼȫ˸£һļƤˡ
ô£ʲô磿Ȼ˵
Ϊ׵һӺȻ֮жȻϸСӰƺʮʹģڷ羢֮ƴ
ô£һ깫ӿеӰȻеϳϳôӣ׷ʲôˣ


572 ɽ𣨶
һץסӰת֮£ӰʹصˣǰŮǵʿǣҶˣǵ˾ĵط֮СҰĵط֮ҹܵطϡȪ֮࣡ǡ
ʲôȻҶˣôܣôܣ겻ţֵشе
֮ڶľƱ˵ϣˤɷˣеıͶϢˡ
ҶȻЩȫˣΪ˵궼ĵرܿɷа쵰ŭ쵰ؿǿˣʲôȻǳôһ
ҹһ޴ԶԶشˡ
ɫɷףеľƱžһڵϣˤ˸飬һת嵽ȥˡ
Ҷվɽɽ⣬ɽϵǴһ٣Ȼʩչط֮ͨߡ
ָˣ׼һ

һɽ汻ɷһ֮£̾ͳʹƣҶһѹ꣬һԲĴӡˡ
ټһɽȻѹȥЩϹ˲µҶķֽ֮һ㣬һѹˣɽ֮е˴ֲ֮£ұҶһѹԪ񶼱ѹ촷ۡ
ۻķڳ˶һɽгɳ߲⣬ÿжۻ嫵ķ뷨𺳡
ŶԭˣҶЦǺǵؿǰʮʿΪ׵ĲǱˣ̫ϳ죬Ķԭ޴̫ϳʿŭҶ
˭ѣ쿴ҶģʱȻŭҶȻ㣡
ȻңȻΪ˭ҶصԴɽ֮кұΪҪǶˣˣȴһһεذλΪô죿
ɽıһλɣҶɨΧˣʵϴξˣɽڣҲµöԲأ
ɫ̱쳣ҲǾʮˣмֵУı㣬޴
ҶһĶı󶯣׼̣֮¸ǲõ޷졣
ҶȻָյǰˣǾ˵Ѿ޿ˣ˵ӵĲС
ɫȻ䣬ɫصƾʲôΪǼΪ
Ҫ֤ףҶҲ̧һУĿ˳
λﱻҶ֮Уıʱĥʱ䣬һǻļƶĥµɢˣ̰绨ĥļҪֻνԶԶرܿҶɱҲˡ
Ъ˹غеɵģɣҪȥƭҶȻְǶԸļҾ죡
һ֮󣬿ͬøɽʱһţòɿˡ
ɵĵӣһ֮󣬶ʱըˣĵæ˶ݹܣ޲ԶǻûܵˣҶ̧һһĳ⽴˵ˡ
㡭ҶȻ˵Ķ֣˻񺰵һû˵ʮɹⱦ
ʱ˿̣Ķ˴ˣΪҶΪɣʲôϹ֮࣬û뵽ҶΪȻֵز
Ͷ֮䣬ǳλ
ǧĽɽӿз׷׵Ҷɱ˹
ҶָһкȻɳһΣתۼӭ籩ǣһɵʯһ޴еЩ˱һ֮󣬷׷׾ը˿촷
Ҷһţʯڿһ֮£βɨɽɽߴɵɽβɨϢؾôʧˡ
˶ޱȵʯҪĵڣкȻһֻױȵؾ֣ץͷʯ
ţ죬ڿϳôҶ̧һ֮£ͷʯѾȻûԼ֮С
סڰɣٴȥûˡ
ɽ֮кȻȽȽһ޴Ӱ漴˹һ֮£𵴵ɽ
һ뷢׵УҶ
ʦˣʦ
ݼʦ
ڳͶɽʿǷ׷¹Ĥݣ˿
Ҷǰİ׷ߣɫȴǼĲм
һʿ϶Ķ֣ҶȴᣬѾˣѾǽܲǽҶŹҲ㲻պ
ɱˣһʾ޴Ĺ֮
ҶѾˣɽɨ֮󣬰ŷ˽׮ȻźöɹԴ⡣
ɽΪƭɽļҲ͵ҵ֮أʼʥ
϶ڿϳôҶЦһ߮ʯС״֮С
վҶǰҶѣּˡ
ǰϴ㣬벻㡣Ҷ¶һЦؿɲˣǼҵɵĺ¡
һԵݶɫأӲҶѾΪԪɵΪһֻϣҼڸһʲô£бµĻ
䣬ȻһоһصĶϣÿѪ˳ȥвȻŭ漴һֵľȻԼ죬漴ͷȥвʱ˸ɫˡ
죬ջһֻĬȻƬ̣漴飬ҶѲûһؽɡ
оȻзļɫһ䣬תͷŵؿԼҵڣԱߵһҲǾĪؿڡ
㲻ҲԲҵĶ֣졣Ҷ赭дص
һЩβɽʿǸǲҴһڴŵؿſеɽ
ҵӵһأȻǲģҴҵĵߣ˵ô졣ҶʵܸһôҲûҪ˵ʲôˣֻܰεˣǰ̲ܽϣɲҶˡҶһЦҪɵģ棬ĽҲˣȻˣҲһ̡
һɽЩ޴֮ҶеʿǷ׷ŭ
ҶڰͲסŭһҶʲôݣҸô˵


573 
ҶЦʲôݣոҳֵʱ򣬻ûԳԼôȻʲôݣ
۾졣
ʱ˿̵죬Ȼһ壬û˿ķۼƺѾΪӰʵ塣
˻һ޴ɲɽȻһ塣
ɲɽ֮ϣԴһɽҲҪڻøɸɾģɽ綼סˣʲôã
Ҷʸ˵仰ģ죬°ɡ첻ɳ̾һתһΧĻϧʲôȴ任ʵҶѣ쳣ҪͿɣǿԺúһ£ɽеһŵر㣬Ҫ޽ɷҲ͸ǧҪ˳ЩսСҲ֮
һϳϾĪԼΪߵھȻ˵ĵ˵ҶôһδɵСǸߵô飿
ԱߵҵʿǸǾĪǱΪԼѾǿһɽˣȴǡǡ෴
£û޹ضҲ޹سԹֻΪ˽󻼶ѡҶʼ֮żԴ⽫Άʱ޳ɲʥͣҲôˡ
Դܹʹʼʥ־ǿߣ޷赲ֻʥ֮ĲֵܵԴԴ֮ģ֮ģĻ֮ģԼҶλս֮ġ
Һγ֪ҶѣҿһԪǲۼԴ⣬ԸܵԴ컯֮ȴĿ
޲Ϣȴ
޳ԹҶҡͷο޴֮УɽһĪǽ˵Ҳˣ˴һ֣޻͵ˣҲǷŲԹҪҪնɱһеĺ󻼡
Ҷ֮ᣬû˿ɱ⣬Ҳû˿Ĵȱ·ҳһ㣬ڳ˵ɫһˡ
Ȼˣٲˡ
˵ָ꣬һԱߵĵȻƮƮط˹ָһȫһѪҽűҶԼ֮УҪǧĥ
ʦ棡ͫ࣬˺ѷεغ
û뵽쾹Ȼųˣ
ûУޱʵ
Ҷ΢Цҡҡͷ㻹ɡ
쳤̾һ
ְɣ͸Щӵһ̰ɡҶȻζȻö֮£˳ǧӰ漴ɱ˹ȥÿһӰһɽʿȭӰ֮ɽʿǱþѪ
첢û˿Ŀ־֮ɫֻǳ̾Ϣ벻شδչһҪľϣɽһʿҵҲʵ̫ˣдһˡ
֮û˿⣬ֻ޾źϧ
ҶĬȻƬ̣Ȼָ̧һһ˹ü֮С
΢΢һǰʱһƬ磬漴¶˼ȵĿϲ֮ɫ
ƿշǿա
ǰļ䡣ӦԸ˰ɣҶʵ
ŵϦ޺ӡ
ʵҲûʲôʼʥµҵֻ±ɽҪö࣬ٵùֻҲȲ
ҶȭȻһ֮£ûеֿߴػζһ£漴Ȼһը촷ۣڵ羡촷ۡ
һ޴ɢ˿бԴΪеķһž㻯⣬˲ϢҶ֮УдһռԶ̾Ϣ
ʦ棡˫ʱѪɫˣȻؿһҶ͵س˹˫һ֮£һԪɵķתۼɱ󣬳Ҷײ˹
ҶҪɱ㣡
ûõģôǲأʲôʱŻ֪ʵҵĶ֣Ҷָһץķˡ
Ҷתֻ裬һȭͷ档
飡
ֵؿԼһȭ֮󣬳ʱû쳣Լȴǿʼ˾ҵʹѣһƬƬı飬ΪҽƮɢ˿ˣֻʣһԪ˿С
ҶҪ߽еսȻ㵶
ҶһȭȫֻʣһԪڿˣǺεȵͨεȵ
ڳеʿǶһؿɫƽҶ
ҶħͷǶƴˣȻؿһΧϳǱ׷չƴķҶɱ˹
ûģʼһȻħֻɣֻǷ䣬࣬ƽȵġҶָһãԴ򡢻ңع֮ȭ
ȭһҶ֮γһ״Դͷ̲̫ʼԪﱾԴУǧϳϺȻֵطԼһᣬعԴͷǣ˹ȥһһ㣬һطɿسӿ˹׵֮ˡ
ЩϳǸߴɱήȥʧȥȫķͷֻʣ˷˵ѣҲ㲻ˡ
Ҷָһͣɽɽ֮бͳһټĶѨǧ׵ŵر鵤ڻ棬ɽ֮нҽмҵ
ʼ󷨣
ڿֻʣһСŵȻȻһײСݶϢݶ
Ԫ֮һѪɫŽԪӿͣعУһСŵѸٿʼһɹӿ֮תۼ䣬Ѿɶͷһţ״ȫ³ϸСɫƬη
壡ɽȻǺйϵڳеʿطǶҶ˵ЩŽɣʩչһбֻɽеʿǶѾҲϴˡ
ҶһЦݲȵؽɽͿ֮漴һˣת׷˹ȥ
󲿷ֵˣᱻЩɽɵķʿǳ˺飡
˼ĸĳѪɺӣοɽ磿һǳ
޽̵ʿԭɽƨһɣȴǵһ˳׽ӰɽƸ׶죡ƭǶٶǶʿ䵱ڻң
ѾҵһͿбƭȫҲļ嶼سɽ͹ĵڣΧյ˹Ľи֮£ƽ߶ûк߳һͱ׽ɱԪ촷ۡ


574 ֮
ɽʿԼĳˣΧʿһһӵϡıͷӿ˹֮꣬ɽѾûҲһټĿˡ
ɱǧɽ
ˣȻƭǼԴǸƴˣ
ɽ֮еļҶȺ鼤һȺһɽ֮Уɽʿɱһš
еϣգЩŭļֱҰ޻Ҫ
ҶǾŹһ·׷˹ȥ޲ýǧС
ݶĻ쵰ٴζûã
ʼʥǲһģʼʥȻǿ󣬵ô˼ԼݣûнӴ˼ЩӵĶֶΣҲɳ̫쵰ȴһǰܶԸҶΪҶƻͬˣ˵ںҶһһεĶ֮Уƻ
˵һΣͽƻرܿԼԣðʾķԼĸ˼ҵĸֵڻңҶɽȻֱȡļҾ졣
һأһǲǻᱰ޳ܵƵԼΧ˵ϣ
Ҷ֮мԾ֮£漴׷ıңңһȭ˹ȥ
һ۵һһѪתҶ˵͵͵һͷһ㣬۲Ѫ˿·Ѫһ㣬Ȼһ֮£쬵һͻһӰ
Ҷŭ㻹ôҲɱĲΪˣ
һ٣ವһ¾ֱֱ׷˹ȥ
һ׷һܣת֮ͱܳǿգƽпռǺ
ȴǳûˣһ̰ڿ֣ٵطš
ʱһǰһֻټĽɫѾסǰָһһ֮£һһ֮£Ծ˳
ֵؿЦҶɫصҶȻң
ô㻹ʲôҶһЦ㹴ʼʥƭЩеԴΪʼʥܹɻ㣿ǺǺǣʼʥƭ㣬ƭǣƭ㣡Ǻǣ
ҶЦ˵ĳ졣
ʱ˫ĿѾ˵ɫϸɨգĵطԳһ磬Ҳĺۼ
һкȻ׳һھķλȴһƬ״ҧҧ͵һವһ¾ʧ˿С
ģҶȻĶһӴΧŤһɫӰﱻסˡ
Ҷ̧ץȥɫӰٴŤһ£ವһ¾ˡ
˵ҾͲİڲҶʱŭ
û뵽˵Ȼܹѣ
ΧĿռ䱻ǣˣһɹɷ籩ʼۣͣƵкȻƮһںڵƲʣΧ쬵һһĹţϼӲʯγ촷ۣƽ޲նγһһˮģ
Ҷǿѹеŭ̧ץһѣתֻصͨ
һȦɫⲨɢ˿ȦⲨ֮УԼӰ
Ƭ֮Ҷ͵۾
ţ֮˵оȻз籾Դѹգ޼
Ҷһɫ󣬺嫵֮Уϸ΢ĺۼ
һ㣬ۼһ·׷˹ȥ
ҶȻ׼ˣܹʩչմŲƣȻ϶ڷ֮꣬մŲơ
ϵĹöʮֵİ׾ʯһҶһоķ쳣ǿ󣬾Ȼɾ˵ķ
أ˹һɺڷڷ֮мһ˺ذԹޣҶʱȫ˸淢˻ˡ
Լ޼᲻ݵļϣȻĺۼ
Ҷа
ĺڷη˹Щڷ۳һģסƴڷһ㣬˵а͹죬֮ĵϣѾοгһִĹ֣ƥȴܹ֮У˵ķξһ㣬Ϊ֮ɢ
úݶԹ֮ʴǵľ֮硣ҶԾ˽ȥ
֮УΧľ֮ȴʴǡ
Թ۶ɵĺڷ磬ڿдƮƮ
ңع鱾ԴҶת֮֮һ㣬ǿҵľڿпʼۣתۼ۶һɫķ飬ƽľګҶһ
Ҷֻ̧˻ӣʮ𱻵㻯ɵķ鿪ʼ·ΧϮľ磬Щһ˸ɾ׵Ľ׳
֮УԼְĸо
սˡӢŵվһ
ʱмϢ
ǣˡҶ
ҾǴ˵еķ֮֮
Ҷ˵ͷףòҪҴһܰɣ
Ϊβɣ֮һЦʼʥ
ʼʥҶüͷšʵΪΣ
ұǷ֮еһ飬࣬ûһֹ֮̾Էдʥ߳֡
ҶȻףıԴ࣬ȴûһֹ̾ˮ֮Ϥ͸֮ͽȡؽ̤֮ʵȻͬģԷ֮ǼѲˮ֮ΪԣܹϤȻѣȴһֱǰĽȡģͬҲܳɾʹʥؽ֮еʼʥȻ͸˵ˡ
ڶս֮ǰ֮ΪöģʼʥУ֮ͬҲûʼʥùķ
ʼʥһֱԴҶʵ
Ƕս֮΢΢׵Ƿʼʥһ顣
Ҷʱ
㣬Щʼʥִȡ˶ٶأҶЦһ֮ΪԶ޵ֻ֮ڳ棬ûνĸ飬ʼʥ˶ֵԴʥ⣬֮ʲôأսδЩǣǿˡ
ȻҶ֮֡ٺһЦ
ʼ֮һ֮ؽԱ˸ɾҲѱˡ֮ұ⣬ֻҪһ޽ٽǷǴ˵֮еǰ
ҶЦ֮սҪö
˵еķ֮λ֮ȻųΪȴй¹֣Ȼеˡ


575 
龰Ҷ֪Ȼ
֮ԴԴ֮ż﴿֮Ԫ֮ѾʧˣǾۼ֮
һľеȥ֮֮Ӵ󣬼ֱ޷˥֮ʮֵĶ񶾡ɵӰǶôĶӣֱ޷Ĺ֮ʼʥ㻯һԪ֪ռ˶ȥĺǣ֮Դа֮Դ
֮Դа֮ԴȴƫƫҶͻ
Ϊйɽ磬˱Żй½֡
Ҷвɵذˬ
֣Ҳ˼𣿡Ҷʵ
֮һĨ֮ɫͷҵҲ˼侭˼εֻصģҲЩϺ쳾Ծͱܿ˺쳾רϰؼԪ֮ЩǶҴɽ֮֮еġ
ֲãҸоôϤҶɳ֮¶һذ׹ذ׹ǹ˸žӨĹգȴ̺˺ܶķͷʮֵ
ôϹϵģҶʵʵ޷ӵܣôҲܸ֮ϹϵɽҲܣǽԺá
Ǻǣǲˡ֮ǺһЦûнӹһ磬ֻ¶һ˿į֮ɫôʼʥôҾôˡ
ҶЦıԵǱһö
֮ҡҡͷǺöұˣұ̽оؼɵʵҲһֶѣԴ⼴ܲһһܹʥ֮ģܹܿһ٣㲻ȫһսл
ҶЩΪ
֮ǾԲɱģΪҶɱˣΪ֮۵Ĺ½̫ɱ˾޴Ҷܲġ
ʼʥǸԼһټȦװ
ҶϣһһغȥЩĹŹ֣һһۺ񣬽Լȫ˺һ㣬Լںڡ࣬ѪɫȥڰײУ˵졣һĺ֮УԼħɣħ֮ħ
֮νƶ޵֮вҲûʲôԵĶдѾʤôͲô׾ܹưոݵˣǵ÷ֳһʤˡ
Χڷ糯Ҷ˹һĺڷ۳ħͷݣ˻໹ֽвݡ
ȻЩڷͳ׵ڣʹĺŨһ㣬Ҷϵ׸غʵˡ
ҶһƬ漴ȵƣ
뵵ĺѹһ£ȻȻһģȻըѿһģ·Ⱦ֮ĸõһ㣬Ʈɢ˿ҶĴ֮Ȼ˳һ¾ͽɺƳ˸ɾ
ҶҲѾѺۡ
Ҷ漴ֺȵ
꿦֮ڶҶٴξۺýྻϾӨ͸
һ֮ġ̷֮Źˣˡ
Ȼ䣬ȴû˿Ĳ֮ɫϲ漴ֶ̧Ҷ͵һ˦֮£һ˹֮ŵĺȻҲ˷֮ħ䷨һסԪ
Ҷֶ֮ľѾ˵ԷۣʼʥδܹĶˣǻˣһ𣬴Դ֮Ͷ˼֮У˵ܹ׵İˡ
ŶİأôĿ֮һаհԴ⣬ֻҲܹӻҰɣ
ɽϵԴң㰤Դ⣬ǵԪܹ棬ȴܱⱻڻҶҵ޽ٽѾԪ϶ΪһԪǽܹԴʴѡһԣ뿴Ȼֻ֮˼ЩħִԴ֮أȻ׳־βڿ֮ѡˣ
֮ĬȻã漴ֻ̾Ҫȴʱ򡣡
⵹޷ԴǿһȥԴ֮ŲιһԴ֮⣬һ֤˻翪ٵʢҶ෭ڵЩ㹻ʱˣһֱ˿صʱ򣬻ʲôô
Ŀڲŷǳá֮ʱЩĶȻͷôɣ֮лһԪôЩҵ׵ģ
˵ɡҶڵ
һ塣
û⡣Ҷ˵ͷֻ̧Ӷһ£֮ȻϸСĽɫת֮Ѿһǿ׳ƥ壬ɣһ׳˶Ȼɡ
֮һζ˾֮֮Уëͬʱ緢ϸϸĺɫ˿ߣں콻ӣħʢ
ֻǹƬ̵Ĺ淢˿꿦Ȼ۾ҶֻüеλãЩĵںĹâ
ܲҶֶ֣൱֮һ漴ȵʵ
ۼϱԴֻ֮࣬ʼʥҲδܹȵùҡҶЦȻ״ؿǲȫȷʵˣĵڶأ
֮ĬƬ̣ڵҶ֣֪ܲ
ʲô˼Ҷʵ
֮һ֣һڴ󣬰׹ӯӯǰ̺һȪһ㡣
ɢŵиһֵľ񲨶
ҶȻ飬漴ʧطֻ֣һźͨĲ϶ѡ
֮飬˸һĨ᣺һлɵģҳʶ֮󣬾飬ҽǧʱ䣬ʧãֱҵˣѾʶҳɵ֮ԸҪɻ
סҶ˵ͷе⣺ֻܰʱ壬ڻγˣ¡
֮æ׷ʵʲôѵô
ľ׳󣬲ܹʵ廯ΡҶ
ܹʯôΪʲôУ
ȷҶ̧һϵһʯ
ʯ̾ͻһķʯͷˣֻľګȫ˿⡣
Ҫ㻯Ļʶܲĵ㻯Ҷʧȥꡣ
֮ɫ΢䡣
ôһ£֮ʵ


576 ֱ
㻹굤ܹ׳壬ľ־׳ǾͲˡҶʶ׳壬ȴһӤ̾ͱһˣǿ󣬻ҪǿľǿҪ֮׳ǱҪḶ́˵ңҲ
Ҷشú̹Ȼ
ûܰһӤιɸӣȴһӾͽӤһѧ塣
֮ĬȻƬֵ̣ܽˡ
Ҷȡһ«굤ͬʱɢ˿һɫ䣬סˡ
Ȼһ⣬ŷɫĻһ֮ҡҷĹ׳
һŶİס飬һӰޣڿȻ裬һ˫Ӥγˮӣŷ֮
֮֮ã˴˼ıԴ֮Ѿ໥
ҵˣҲɶ㷢µԸ֮飬¶һ˿ɫ
֣ڻû壬ȥ֮󣬹֮˵ɡҶ¶һ˿֮ɫ
û⣡֮С飬Ȼ̧һץ·𱻽ĳˮһ㡣˺¡¡
һ޴Ѿڷеλã֮һѾһҶ֮С
ҶдϲǷķ֮Դ
ɽ֮еԴȡ˸ɾ֮Ҷֵõ˷֮еԴ
һ׬ˡ
ЩϳǻµҵأҶһȥԼµĶҵѡ
֮⣬ѾԸټռҲԸٷŮ֮УֱӾʹŮפУȻ˻ꡣ
ɽټЩʿѾ˹ˣ¾ҪеϣԼˣ϶һĴѰأҶø鷳ԾͽŮԼ֮еĿռ֮УҲᡣ
ѾưŮǵΧļʿǻ๷һ۾ȴҶ˵Ľ١лһ˿֮⡣
ļȴǶѾȥˣҪúʱˡ
֮ҲҶס˻꣬Ҷý̽һýСȴһλ档֮Ȼǳ˵硣
ڻ֮Уȴʼ֮ŵĿ
Ҷ˰֮ҵһѨ⣬ĵԨһռ֮УռɷάϵؼȡΧĵ׳ɳЩŵرӵʮ㡣
Ҷʩչ˸ǬͨŵرһӨĳҶڵ֮УɽһٻµŵرһܹľƷȴǾҶУΪ֮
ҶͷЩܹɴǾͻƾ磬ɾҵλߣôԴҲܹסһɡ
޵˶ǲ٣ܹǶͻƾˡҶ
Ҷһ֣ϺȻֻߣסɴԴԴϵӿڣɴڵһŽ⽥ؿʼ׳ƺһ̥鱦һ㡣
ɴ¶ɫ˫ӦԼڵʶ翪ʼһһֵ׳͡
Ҷ˫ˣ˴֮ķϣˮཻ֮£ɴѾԼıԴҶǸ׳͵˼޵ľأɴڽӵ˴ɵķ˫֮й磬ǳתһ㡣
һӴķ˳ƵΧŮƿ˼硣
ɴһƮƮüĿһ޷ݵĸ߹Ϣ֮ϵŮһ㣬Ȼмʥ͵ϢΪ֮۲ѣ֮⡣
Ʈ壬ܹһ޳ԼıԴҲδزܡҶģҪƫģ޵ߣǿǸĻٶķҲ޷簡
ûаƮߵԶƭңҲԶƫ̻벻ףǿǰװ˼ˡ
Ҷļ
Ҫһ⡣Ҷ
ŮȻʵΪʲô
Ҳ˵ΪʲôȥҶͷ˼һ£ڵоƺԺйأܲȥ
ƮĿתʵ㣬֪籾Դ֮ô
ҡҡͷطҲҾĵһյĵطݴ˵סϵλԴɽ֮ͳߣûʿǵģ
ʼʥأ
˵ʼʥʵǿ֮棬ҲĶ֡صصʼʥ֣Ǵ˵˼ԪĶսʼʥڶս֮Ȼնͨ콨ľطչ壬ʹռ絫ȴһֱûгɹ
Ҷɣ㵱ľпɵġɴȻʲôʵ
ûҲһֱҪȥԵʣ˼ʱ򣬲յҶɫصصΪŴӶ˻֮ɾԴ֮һֱеܹŹ֣˻λˣ϶һλˡ
ڳŮ¶ɫһۡ
һλôµͷַ֧һ⣬ҿֻ½Ϊͻ˲ġ
ѾΪΪͬСɣǣһȫһħ֮󣬾ͻΪȫ˥ˣħҵ˵Ǹ㣵İҶݺݲ֮󣬴ħ֮漴ȼڵҵҶûˡ
Ҷ֮漴ֱʡ
ȻããȻտյޱ޼ʡ
磬͵ؽΣķĵط֮ͬ죬ûʲôΣԣȴǿտ˼裬ֻǳһʱ̣ѾоĹ࣬סϼ죬ֻ˭Ҳܲˡ
ֻ֮λϵҲǿλλķͬСɣϧ֮Уûжʿ
ʼʥȻʮ㣬ֳ񸫣ųҲǶ֣Ժʥ֮УҶоˣʼʥƺڽʼ֮һ֮ʼʥĩֻ¾ҪˣǧʼʥϱͣҲӵù
Ҳ˵⵽һʲôоԴȼħٻ֮ҶƺоˣԼǸ˵жսĹϵ
ܹסµģľΪӦʥ֮ˣܹùտįĸо


577 
ҳʱŮоЩʣʱһ֮󣬾ȻоڵԪЩйȻ̫࣬ôֹҲֹˣҶ޽ٽ֮⣬ŮеƵˡ
ҶԾͽŮԼϵ֮Уѣٳˡ
Ҳ˵Ϊʲôôһ쳣ǿҵͷҪϾ˵ϵ
ԴظоλƺкĹϵ
֮ߴУһӺ񷶥ˮı渡һǹ⣬ǳ˸ݣˮš
Ҷ̧һ֮£֮ѿһŻŮз˳ˣǰ쳡ʱ
ķ羰Ȼ˼䲻ͬɴΧѤĳɵص
Ůͬʱߵӵĺϣ˼ǳʯδСŮһ㡣
ոһɽ磬ҶظоЩ̫ͷԼԪȻʼҪɢΧ֮һ㡣Լ˴޽ɵķתϨֻǹŵԪΪ֮ѡ
ֲˣ˳˵칬;ڤ򣬶ѰܹײġԭԴȴڴˣȥֻԼĶҪ׵ļ˰ɡ
Ҷһת漴ͳӵĺӰϣѭԴͷѰ˹ȥһˮֳֻҪմȾ֮֮Уƾεϴ޷ųġ
Ҷһˮ֮У֮ˮȻ˵Ч˸еˡ
͸峺׵֮ˮҶ˺ӴײŲĺɳЩɳȥĴָСӨ͸
ˮĺӴ֮ףϸСɰȭͷСͬɳСһ֮ĥϣԣǲԶЩɰ֮Ȼ棬ȷǲܹɵ飬޷ҵʶ
ֻҪܹ֮ˮͳһЩɰ˷֮󣬾ܵ
ҶѭӵԴͷطš
Χƹϰϰתϧɽ֮УҶľ䣬˷ȥ䣬ɽ֮е֮ϵԼ֮С
Ҷ̧һ֮Լ֮УʹòԼ֮еľѺŮǳ
ϵĴ֮Уӵظо¼š
ɱ֮ˣ뻮һĲӳǰһӶӱ
ߺˣôά֮ţ
кȻŷ⣬Ľ񽫴ӿֳֵǹꪣŭĿߡ
Щ񽫶Ǳôͬ½֮еĻƽʿһ㣬÷߻̶ֻȺ棬ȫԶˣЩ񽫶ǱԴģӵʵͬСɡ
ҶɫƽЩ񽫡
𣡺𣡺ɱȺ񽫴һֳֵǹҶɱ˹ȻЩǷûɵģȴѷɫˡ
ߡҶһȻϸ΢ǳâ뷢˾޺һɲǼΣĽתۼͱ𵴳촷⣬ɢ˿Ⱥתۼ䣬ֻʣһ㾫⣬̵ֻطٵسԶȥˡ
ʣĽХһֽǹسҶ׷ɱ˹ˮƳ
°ɡմһ
Ҷվ˿Уڿϳô
㡭ڻˡкȻһ
֮һ޴Żˡ
һǹɵĴչҶĽ¡
еλãһ۵ӣ
ɽԴͷϵ֮һڳˡ
ݹ棬縺봹£ɫŭһȻ𾴵ĸо񺳶
ҶſڽؿģһʱѾˡ
ܹҲ޷˵ҲˣҶΪ֮𾪵ǣòȻǺ˼ҶϼйҶ徹Ȼһģһ
ƺ˼һЦȻ̧һָ£һ֣߳Ҷ֮С
ҶڵѾȻ˳ץ˳
УõıҶӴҶ硣
ѡɴƮ塢¡Ů˳ڵˣؿűϸ߸߶ŵӡ
º㣬иӵļǴ˵еɽ֮ϵͳߣ
ҺҶлҪ˵ǿΧĴתһתɽķ羰ǲͬڷ׼䡣һЦǴͰɵ֮緶ۣȴвɵһɳ֮
ɴĿҶһۣ漴Ʈһͬǰȥˡ
ֻ֮ʣҶˣĬĬضš
ǡôҶҡҶݣЩɣǿڵʵ
ûҷֻһ飬ȷͶҶңǲįķһЦڿˡ
ҶɫǺ˼𣿡
ֻΪ˵㻯һѾѡЦˣʵҲ㲻ϵ㻯ɣֻصھŰʱʼʥתķǧѪ׽ĺۼ˼ˣͶʱ䳤֮Уʱĳ֮ʱ䳤֮УҲǷ˺ôŤռ䣬ƿʱ䳤ӣץġ
ҶĬȻΣڵһǳ˺ܶͷ
ӦܵġĶսԲ񣬵ݬɱ¾ȴǲ٣֪ԼǰЩ£ͻΪΪʲôŶеˡ
ҲǶսҶҶŭĿӣ˺ܶô
ǰڴˣҲڴˣȥȴʼ
α˵ִţҶ߶սģġָһգ̾ĶսԲ񣬵ȴһ޼ɵ޼ɵΪȴҵ۳ϲϣȻѾˣЩҵҪ㵽ͷϣ㾭ħҵķ֮Щ飬ҲӦú˰ɣ
Ҷһۣ漴ҡҡͷֲ̾ãҳɵ֮Ѱ磬ûѰҵټΪѾ䣬û뵽ͷô󣬾ȻλôҲʼδġ
ȻһЦûлشֻǿʵҶ֪޵֮վ۷ϵʱζʲôҫǿ󣿹ԣ
޵֮ζʲô
ζʲôҶ΢΢һ˳˼֮С


578 ʱ䳤
ҶȻԼնһ˴תʱ䣬ɽչ֮ʱģˡ
ԼǴ˵֮أһʱյƽΣǼį͵ļįտ䡣
ԣܵԭֻҪڳɾ޽ٽ֮ûвܵ˺ȴѾһǲį֡
ͬǰ˼ʱԼֻΪȡ֮󣬶ȴֳΪѰĸԴûгɾ͹ֻ֮ȸԾˡ
ǼįҶ
˵Ķԡһӿɽ̣ЦˣζţҪļįݼįʹ֮Ҳ޷ܣʼʥ֮ôʵѡһ֮·ԴҺͻλѡػص·ߣ䣬࣬СЩǶѾоˣ֮˹޺ۣǳ˯ʱ࣬ѵʱ仹Ҫ࣬ʼʥˡ
ףΪʲôۣȻѡеķѡתˡ
ҶЦ㲻˵ִƶôʼʥΪʲô
ʼʥĿԶͬһʼ׷ľһɲǼĻԻ𣬶㣬άԴΡʼʥ֮ɱ㣬ԭǱģΪ㻵ĴƣԲŻѡ㳹׵ĿҪԶ󣬶Ҹӵķ峹ռǧ֮ɣʼ֮ſһɲǣΪƣֵסԴľȻʼ֮Уһ̽
Ҷɵش˸ʵŶ·Ҳô
ʼʥ϶ӡˣҲûʲô˵ģΨһĵľ㣬㵱ú
ΪʲôҶʵ
¶̿ЦսԶսɽ磬˶־ޣֻز£ҪӮǺѣֻҰĲʼʥܸ㶷ſϸ㶷
һж޷ƶֻĿѣʼʥȻ˺ܶĶ£ҶЩ飬ʲô׼ֱƶأ
֪⽫ζʲôһЦ⽫ζļįתʮĹֻһͶҶϣҲǳΪҶϵҶ壬ֻ֮֮Σÿÿҷֳһֻʮ֮Ҿͻ᳹׵һΣлζһ˼ʱָоˡ
Ȼ̧һָ
Ҷǰһ㱣ɲ֮䣬ѾԴ֮ţεشɽĵλá
籾ԴλãһƬ֮УһȹӵĴŴеλ֮УȹϴƺˣƸոγûһ㣬ƾɡ
һȹϸ࣬һһΪսᣬһΪʼ
Ҷȴظоˣȴ֮Уƺ̲һ̥ƺҪƿǶƺҪɣһ㡣
ʼ֮ţҲս֮šҶ΢΢۾һ
ƾʲôҲȲת˵еʼ֮š
Դ֮λ棬ɽ磬ĴԴơ
ҶȴֿɽУƺһƵĳӣתϨͬϢԼԼӰг˸
Խɽ֮ҶͿǧλ棬ͬҲǻһ޴ĳӡֻӰӰȴǸһЩ
ǧ֮󣬾˼λˣʵֹ޴磬ÿһǧ֮ж˼λ档
ֻ˼λеĳ֮УЩӰӡ飬з䣬ࡣ֮ꡣ
ⳤ֮еӰ֮䣬ȴǧ˿ƵϵλΪꡣ
ʱ䳤ӰҶ̾ϢһĿָ
ɽ磬磬˼ĳӣһһһ㣬ȴǺ硣
ҪԽ磬ԼĲȴǵдǻۣɡ
ׯεҮҮ
Ҷ͵͵һ漴ָ
ΪʲôҪֳһ˿ʲôãǴһЩô
⵹ǣǲįֶΡֳ֮ɽʶͻ볤ó˯֮Уиĳɳޣϣÿһεֻأ㹻ǻζ꣬ǲϼʮļį䣬ܵһȤˡ
ƽȣԴʵڴˣǵλʱͻָܵܲߴʤû㹻ľΪɣҲܳ־á
дһ˿ɣζ
ҲûֹʼʥԵʣҶʵ
ô˵һЦʼʥն罨ľΪǧһҲǱ˱Żı仯Ϊʼ֮ţͬҲὫģΪ֣ΪûбҪ
ҶĬȻ
ļį֮£ʲô֣Ե֣飬һա̾Ϣһ㶷սķ֣֣Ҫˡ
һЦ㿴ɽеЩʿûУЩûģҲοء
ҶԳص޵֮ٳˣҪ޵󣬾Ȼˡ
Ψһ޷ܵģʱ䡣
ܹܲסǣҶŲԶɴƮŮȻʵ
ҪңҲ֪£۾ĬĬص֮ģԴԴ֮ģл֮ģֻ֮ܶģܹҪסǣҪν޽ٽˡ
ˡҶ˵ͷһ˵ǣеʣˣҾͷȥˣȴʼ֮ŵĿ
ҶתкһŮԼ֮УƮƮһתͳ½ȥˡ
ľͷԴ֮żˣؼĻʼӿţԪҲʼü䲻
Դֻ֮֮Ը֮ʼ궯طʿѾÿ겻еһƽ͵ŮǶˡ
ºɴԸɨǰѩͲٹЩʿ֮ˣȻشѾ޿ɱ⣬ͲԷһɡ
ҶҲÿպŮɽˮڡ
ҶĿתҸеϵҵأƺ˺ܶ˵ҵ
ɫ΢䣬ɵصͷˡ
Ҳ㣬ôˡҶ㲻ܷ£Ҳֲˡ
Щӣô죿ʵдһ˿
ҲѯʵĿתҶ


579 Դ֮
Դ֮żʱ䳤Ȼңؼܵҵǣ
˼֮иǷɽӱ鲼׹ǣѪɺӡ
ҶȻ޽ٽǿ־ҵȻ壬Ůȴܵ˼ǣ⼸ɴƮ弸ζеҲ
оˣһİͽ
ҶתͷЩ֪漴̾ϢһҴвԱסҵԽԴܹ࣬סǵˣǶ᲻£ֻһʯ١
ɴȻ֨ˣҪҪҪҶ쳵ڽñϾĴҲ˵ʲôȻûбҶշϾôôݣѽʵ˵ȥˣѽѾˣȻҪ̰Ĳ㣬ϴôĵһѽ٣㵱Ҷʲô
Լͽദʱ⣬񣬵Ǵʱ˿ѾǸǳܹģԴΪǳͻǵľ
ҶͽҲԷǲɣô˾ζҪʿҵʱԼܲԴľն˻ҽ
ɴĬȻƬ̣ŮǾһͲҪ÷ΪˣѾ˼ޣ˭᲻þ;°ɡ
ĬȻƬ̣̾ϢһҶ֣ܷʯһã
Ҷ̾ҪЩʲôˣγ̾һʯݸ
۽΢΢˵ỨԼȡһֻӰӰӰ
̾һỨɽһ֮£öȻʯϵֻϡ
ص˵ϣ۱ÿն
ʯϵϴԼеļ䡣
Ҷס԰׵ݣӲҲ̾Ϣһ
ŮϵȻһҵɢ֮󣬸ĸɢȥ
˵꣬ɴһתȻͶҶе֮УƮĬȻתͷҶڣŮҲ׷ͶС
ֵѵʱȻͣԭأؿΧһۣҾͲȥˡ
ɴƮʧɫڵʦ
ɴƮ壬ҵͽˣֿˣԸóźܲؾأЩӬӪ˶ԣѾ֪ǿ˶ٱˡȰ֮ɫ˵ͷ΢Цֻϣٹ֮ܽҵͳΪʦȻ޺
ˣҿˣҵõˣ֪ˡ
Ҷ˵ͷޱ飬һ㣬ȻһѤ⣬ֱɶԴ֮š
Դ֮Ѿҳһࡣ
֮УԴ֮ڣԭ쳣ƽĵڣȴǽ˺¡¡ˣ·һ㣬׺Хݣ׵𵴵ŷ϶ɢֹıŭ֮⣬ҪǬ׵ĵߵ˹»¯һ㡣
Դ򡢻λȶԴ֮ŵΧĬĬעѾ˱״̬Դ֮š
һԪƽ޲˼Ĳ
įλͬʱһۣһп֮Ƶس̾һ
һҶȻλǰ
ԴͻλòֻͨԴ峺Ӥ񣬻
ϡ
ʼʥҶһ
ǰʼ֮źУƾԶˣܹɼ
һ쳣ӴȻɢ˿ʵมƶѾ𵴿ˡˮһ֮ӿȡ
ʼʥߴ׳˶ɽͷǣ²ɫƬվ֮УҶ
ı󣬰ҵ޽֮УÿһҾ޽൱ھƷ塣
ǰĳһԪ֮񣡿ϧʼʥվҪħʥǿˡҶתͷԶԴ򡢻ƽ֮С
ħʥˣɱ¾޷³ҲȽϲң֮󣬷ӡʯϣʯϵķӡĥĲˣһԪҲͷˣոճʯͱҶһٸɱʼʥôټôô֮һԿԴ⡣
ֻһԪħʥȴʼʥˣֻǲ֪ʼʥܷ񰤹Դ֮ŵĹرأ
ʼʥҶһĨŭɫƬԵɫ쳣ֻ̧˻ӣ֮£гʮںڸߴӰˡ֮УעҶ
ţƣ˭˰ʼʥ۾Ҷս벻Ҳˡ
ҶһЦѣʵԵʼʥжٸԪûмˣ
ʼʥͷȷǺܾûмˣսĵбǰˡ
ҶЦȥ˼ңǧٸֻأʼʥļʮԪᣬ并Ӳдô
ʼʥҶֱӴʹۣɫʱСӣ㻵ƣ
ΪҲ֪ҶЦҪսʿ䵱Դϣش١
ʼʥɫսˡ
ҶЦǰҲܴҪȻĻôỵĴأ
ǰ϶ѡʼʥٺЦһ
Աɫ˿䡣
ĻֻҸеЦֲʼն޷λľ硣ҶʧЦӵôߵΪΪʲôǿһأΣΣһЦѣִһԪͬҲһԪѵҪִȥô
ǧݻҰͬҲǳɵ֮һʼʥҵʼ֮Ŵ򿪵һɲǣʼ֮һ̽ѡ
Ҷһ˲Ըʼʥʼʥ
ϧ㻹ǰˡҶȻ
ܼҲûʲôˡʼʥɨһۣѾˣѵ֮¶
ҶȻɱңʵΪն󻼣ΪʥǰѾˣʲô󻼿ԣ˵ףΪ˱Ĵ֮ƻĴƣ㼫ȵĲˬ
ʼʥȻת֮ѾˣҲˣ˵˵ãսϼһûٴڸʲôɣ
ʼʥһڵʯͷ͹޻ЩªȴǲߣȴǴһֻ޼ȻϢȻɡ
ˣʼʥҶЦ
׼Ҫɱҵ𣿡Ҷʵ


580 ʼʥ
ʼʥ³ʮӣʮʼʥûʲô𣬶ͷţǣ׳ֻͷϵǱʼʥСһȦѡ
ҶȻףʮʼʥ÷ඥģҲ˵ʼʥĶӣҲʼʥķ
иԶŵһĳ߹Ž͹ӳأȴ޹⣬û˿ƣͨ尵ɫȴһϸСУƺΧչ߾ȡ˽ȥһ㡣
ӵĽΧаӰڲͣŤգ̵ĵţԼЩʼʥǱȻ񸫡
ʼʥµʮôҶǣ̾βʡʡʡöԸʼ֮ţǸҽϾôһ£
ʮ񽫵ıմӻеõһ죬Ȼ񸫵ķɵģȻֻɵǶԸѾǴ´ࡣʼʥˣҲҶϻˣ̧һӣȵϣ
ֲʼʥʼճɲʥֱͣȻ˼ǺҡҶҡͷִ̾ڴˣƣοԴأ
仰ʼʥʹʼʥӳ鴤һ£Ȼŭͷ㻹˵ɱ
ʮҲнഩиգ֮죬ŤĲһһ㾡и˿ˡ
ʮٵص⣬һ㣬Ҷ
ûõġҶ̧һģʮͬʱ
ʮȻеƮƮģ绯ǧһ㣬һҳתۼͻΪҽʮڹӳصĹŽתۼҶС
Ҷ̧һĨʮڹŽϰӰһָɨ֮ĹӰһָĨȥ
ȭȻһΣʮȭӰϢغʮϡ
ʮȻζһ£漴һزҽУټȻըѳƬһɫ˿С
죬
Ҷһ֣ʮŵ֮ԴԼڡԭ޽ٽӶһۺɽļ֮
ҪԿԴ֮ţ̫ķȻĻԼܻᰤԴʧ
ȻԼԪܹסڣֻɴƮŮȴӲȥ
ʼʥļն񶾣֪˴ζɽٳɹԶԶȲҶּʼӲĶŤˣǲɱҶٵ޷ٱӻŮϼԪʹ뱯ˣҲһݾ޴ջ
ҶĲʣȴǲΪȻʼʥʲôĵģУ֮к绽꣬㣬ǫ㣬˸㣬ȴֻпɵ֮Ǳ޾ĿĥʼʥҪǿô࣬ΪʲôҪң
ɱԼ£ȻǵıԴΪֱӵķָʹʼʥΪĸˣоܡ
Ҷ㣡ʼʥûֱ£һײбϢɢ˿
Ҷ˵ˮĴԴΧתţһһεؿʼ
ĴԴΧȴֳ򡢻ҡͼ󳹵ױ¹ڱԴ
һԴ򡢻ҡͼƻתȴ˸оⲢת·ͬһһ㡣
Ԫˣһشһ¡
ʼʥŭػӶȻ񸫣˹
ʼʥ꣬ɹÿֹôҶȻʵ
ʼʥȻһߴڿкȻͣסˣҶһ仰ᣬȴһֱ֧Ŀڡ
ÿô
Ŀˮһ㻮֮С
Դһ磬ִĴԴ֮⣬ͳ˧һ֮Դ˳߲λѾܼҲ̾硣
ÿô
ҿ첻֣ƨ£ʼʥɫٿȻת䣬ڵ
ʼʥ̶ɲǼʧҶѾĴԴȫתյ쾡£
޽ٽѾԲ
ãʧҶЦ㣬ɱ֮ɢˮݣԹɢ޿ɵֿԴ⣬ָȥδ
ʼʥһ£ޱ飬ʼֳҵ״̬ռ֮гֳ쳣ҵģ
ҶĻѾ¡
ҶĻᣬȴģ˵ѹ
Χһ֮Ҳ¶˼ɫˡ
ʼʥ֮£ЩͬڱԴеǣȴͬżһػţû˿ĸأ
ЩڱԴǣΪԴ֮ͲвħͲһΪ㳹׵ĸˮټԼ˱Դ֮һǧ
Ѿϰ˰Ͱ࣬еذʥ̵µ·;һһ̤۷壬ҲѾ峹׻ֿ
Ҷһ仰ȴǴѹħһ㵭ĺЩı֡
ʼʥȻŭŭɱ
ʼʥôûˡҶָָ̧ͷϵʼ֮š
ʼ֮ڣ¡¡ĺ֮ŷ֮Լһ˿ϸСķ϶Լ˿˿֮͸¶˳
Ȼֻһ㣬ѾʼʥΪ֮ĺ
ʼʥɫ࣬һԲӶȻ񸫳Ҷ˹
෴ʱ˿̵ȴһԣΣʵĹһ㣬ȤؿҶʼʥ졣
ҶĴԴ֮λȻ֣ŵĹҶϡ
Դ֮ȭ֮ȭ֮ȭ
ʲô˼Ҷ۾ʵ
ȭԸ
˼˵ҾԸʼʥҶȻ
ҪôΪĻǾˡ̯˫֣Ȼִţ㲻ִţô㡣
Ҿҡ
Ȼлһۣ֮Χпռ価ſ
ԴȭҶ챩һһȭͷӲǵסȻȻ֮
һ㵭ȭ֮䱬תۼ־أ֮Χռ·𶼱ɢһ㡣
Χռ䱻ңټĻ춴һŵķķɢȻ澹ȻһѺۣ֮ͱƬ·ɢ˿
ԭˣϴεõǿƬҲһ֮бԴ飬ȻֲİɣҶȴڰ˼⡣
ҶһɲǼͺǧȭӰʼʥȻ񸫽
ȴһζĽˣζΪʼʥ죬ȴҶĴȫް취


581 Դ⣬ڻ
ʼ֮żԴ⼴ͷţµĶǺģ໥˼ʮԪ϶ͷˣ˭ʲô˭ʲô֪֪ͨ׵ô
ҶǼλͨһˮĴԴƸݡ
ȴֻǶһԣع۲˵ƺµһ̣ϳ֮⣬ѾĶˡ
භҵĵڣڿʼ䡣
ͬʱеԴ֮УһɫѺۻѶƺһƣһŻѿһټĴţ¸µѿһŴķ˼
Χռλ֮صĵɷͳͳһħħͳͳܵɷӰ죬ҡһ䣬޴ħͷųЩ޴ħͷ֮κɶҪֲ֮龡Ͼ
ɷӿЩɷʵǱκξ޶ħͷҪֲʵľ硣
λ֮еħħһ̣һλ龡ɱ֮󣬿ʼشλĿռƽ⣬λԪƽ֮漴ƿռ䣬һһλͬ˱ӣռ֮֮ƣȻ顣
Щħȫ˿ǣתۼƻλ棬žͳ˿ռ䣬ֱɽ֮Уɱ䡣
ʱ䲻֪ȥ˶ãɽ罥ƽħͷԴ֮еһСˣ·Ѫ⣬ʱһӵϡ
ɽѾ׿ˣϺڷľħǷ˺Ťݡ
ʼʥһͣ׷ɱҶȻ񸫻Ӷ֮£쳣ҵĿ쭽ľħɱ
Դ򡢻ɫƽεؽһͣ漴ͷųѾһԪĽ񽫡
Щ񽫶ɼ֮ɵģ֮ҳһټĽһ㣬Χɱɷħͷа񽫵һӴ֮漴ͱڻ˿
ʼʥƬ֮Ҳ΢΢оƣˣһǳʣЩɷħͷչ쳣Ĳòɿ
֣ˡҶе
֮һԲ̤֮˫֮һһŹ⻪˸
ž޴ɢ˹ȥɫ罫ħͷ˸ɾ漴ɢԭɷɫǴ֮ĺȻ磬в֮ӵ˺Ȼħ֣֮ƾ׿ħͷҪ촷ۡ
˺֮ۿճɷ磬ɱ֮Щɷħͷɨ촷һ㡣
ʱ佥عȥˣеĶƽϢ
ħͷҲûܹãԴ֮з˸¸µһˮһɫ
־أƲ죬֮ﾡ˻ҽոŰħͷһ֮Ҳ˻ҽ̡
ԴȺ񽫣Դһ̣⵱ͷһգȻ飬Ȼ󻯳̽𣬻֮ɢˡ
಻Դ⣬ͬЩ޴ħͷҲڻ˸ɾ
ڴˣǵȴһԪѿŻɫǽţ漴¶˽ѵɫ¶˴ϲ֮ɫ
ԭħͷһʼʥһɨʱðһʼʥȻסˣãԴ⣡
Ȼûһ޴˹Ȼ񸫺ȻӲ嵽Դ⣬ײ˿ˡ
ţȻſԼĿռ䣬ǧڶɳӰԴ⡣
ȼΪҶɵԴ֣ǶҪΪѳ̵ʱˣΪȡһʼʥȵ
ʼʥߴȻѰ˵ĴСΧɳӰڵµλá
ΧͷӰƣʼʥε赲סˣȻе⻪ΪʼʥסԴʴԴֻǱ赲һ£漴ͽЩڻ˸ɾЩҲֻάһʱ̵Ĺ龡ŤȻ׷ڻһ˻ЩϵǱڻ˸⣬ţɷȻ󻯳촷۾ɢȥˡ
Դ֮ڿ֮ͷų⣬ˮ˰˼ŷڤھģ鱻һգ׷¶˵΢Цϵ˹̬漴Ϣ֮УͻΪҽ֮еŴǵĻ֮ˡ
Ҷһӣ֮еа֮磬˻ȥҶɫƽͷϣԼ޽ٽϽһ˲䣬Ѿǵ֮ߡ
ĵˮĴԴʼתԴ򡢻ͨҲ㻯󷨣Դ⡣
ʼʥҲһսУͷųرľ޽ÿһҾ޽涼ɵĴ󣬽һһķΧʼʥεػסˡ
޽ͷųϵ˸ɫ⻪
ԴϵͷųĹ⻪һ֮£ʱص˴룬￪ʼ
Դ⻹ռϷ磬һһؿʼڻЩ޽ϵĺ⡣
ڣҾ޽Ӳ˲Сգ漴ͱԴɨ˽壬ȻһزҽһɫӰ漴ɢ˿С
ҴķԴ⽻ڲݣ忪ʼһһ߽⣬ֻ飬¡һȻľеķûüʼʥ漴ͱԴɨһ֮£ͻ˻ҽɢ
һҵ񽢷˳Ȼֽ񽢣ӲؽԴ⡣
ΧؼԴϡҶԴϡΨʼʥߵԴŨһƬɫƺһ㣬ˮӿ
ҶõϸԪ۵ļ䣬ʼʥôԸԼڿӣͷⲻ˰ԼȥܵأܵԴʥ֮ģֵܹԴ⣬վǱסˡ
˵ʼʥҲҲԾƴˡ
ʼʥƴصֵţһһҵ󽢾Դ±֧顣ͬҲڻ˿


582 һԪ
ȻҶʼʥĻԣЩϾûдʼʥĻԣѡΪңΪ屣һ˿ᡣ
ϾҲҲ
ҲˣҶܹЩʼʥĻԣôЩҪ֮ģҲҪһʱ˲ִٵ£лѡʥԸѡѳ塣
ҶһһɱʽĹĵΪЩо˱һԪʬػš
屾ӽԴ壬ʵǿףҲһȱݡ
ûԼ˼룬ʼʥǹ滮һǰ;һǣʹֻ֪У֪ġ
ҶǴɺ쳾дĥͶһʥ֮ģգزɣۻ𣬶Ȼġ
ʼʥһزūõȴŲ£Ҷ㣬侭ǧĥֻسɾϵͨʥ֮ġѾ߰˰ˣʼʥ᲻һķҵҲɢˡ
ʱţ֪˶ãһԪʱȻĻԴ֮ͷŶԴ⽥ϡ
ҶҲԸоԼԴ⽥ϡΨʼʥϵԴɺƺ
飡
һ죬ʼʥһҾ޽Ȼ֫˿¶塣
һЩΧΪ˴󣬽Ѫһټ̣סԴ⡣
ϴ
һ֮£Դ漣ر仺ʴٶȱţһ㡣
ϴ̥ͨʼʥĴרֵԴĴЩϧȼ˷ƴصֵϴԴƴؽ
֮˱Դ֮ԴҲϴǿԴˡ
ЩΪҲֻ֧˲һյĹ򣬾ͱԴ
ţǣҲֻ֧ʱ䡣
ֻʣǣʼʥӡ
ЩѾ޴ˣһˣ׷תϴֵԴ⡣
ʱһЩķȼսݽߺƷɵʼȼٴλɷ赲סԴʴ
ΨһʼʥʼʥҲһֻ壬ʹؼᶨƣȻǱҶ˻ԣһѡѳ̡
ΪǲѳҲãԴŹǣȻǿҲãΪʥȡһ
壬ɱ壬³Ҳ˶ѡ
ʼʥڵڵֵסˣԴһ֮£ʱڻ˻ҽʼʥ̾ͻһ
ԴⲻԣҪһԪʱ䣬ͣʼʥ𷢳ϴϵҩҲֻܹ֧Űʱѣάֵʮ֮ʼʥΧھ䣬ȻҪˡ
һһʴ֮зɳȼķϴضסԴ䡣
һԪʱ佥Ŷֻʣꡣ
ʼʥͷ͹ɻ𣬵Ѿ׵ڻ˴룬ۿžҪʧ
ʱһһֵţʼʥҲһһš
ԴѾýϡˡ
ôʱĥ֮£ҲѾ˴롣
ҶĴԴ񣬶ѾĴֻп޽ٽӲԴʹ֡
޽ٽҲ˸ʵģǱ˵Ĳ漴Ӳһ㡣
뱣סǵĺᡣλ࿴һ۶ԷѾϡ͸̾һ
ǵһ˲䱬˿
ͲһˣͲһˣҲģʼʥȫķȻľˣһ˿Դϣʼ̵ð̣ʱͷһĺӶеľ޸䡣
һ̣ȴҪܴˣʼʥرһޱǿҵԹʱʹؿ漴͵Ҷת;еȻ֮͵ʼ֮š
ȻһɲǼ䱬ǿҵĹͬʱڸж˴۶ɣǿƥĻֱϮʼ֮š
군ˡҶ̾Ϣһ漴ȫԸת򣬽ΧԪ˹Լڣķڲͣתۣ˲Ϣ֮Ѿˡ
ʼ֮ſһɲǣΧԴƺƸŭˣ˲ۼһݺݵشʼʥ
ʼʥӶͷʼ֮ŵһţһбϣʼʥټȻһɳתۼ;ڻ췢һʵź׵ɢ֮С
ȻѺۿʼͣѣԴʥ£һһ㣬һ˲Ѿը黯Ƭˡ
ʼʥվûӹ³
ʼʥһؼʱϡ˼֣ȴȫʣĴϣҶѾ͸Դ⣬ؿ
λǲǣóѹ׾ˣҶȻڵ
Դ򡢻վ棬ȴǸ¶˽ѵ΢Ц˫ֺʮҲԡ֮Уѩһ㣬ʼ
ֻǵȴʮֵļͣʼʥǰ㣬һ;ڻˣԴϣãҲֻһ㱡Ƥѡ
ԴһȦԲ⣬ɫԴ޼ԴϳһַһȴС
ڳߣͨԴ⾡ɵطɢ˿ֽԪ˺ȴ΢΢ˡ
ԴһӴ֮£֮ҷֽΪԪ漴ֱӲ
ҶɳɵɫһӴԴ漴ըѱ𣬱ըԪԴ⾡ڻһ֣ɫĿըѣص಻ϡ
Ĵͬʱʹ˸ͨӲԴ⣬ѾãΪвֻҪãȫķͻᱻԴȥ
ʼҫ֮㱻ڻ˻֮Ϊʼ֮Ҳǻ֮Ԫʱ֮ռ֮ǳˮ׽Ǵ
Դ򡢻֮нһӨĹƺ󳹴һ㡣
𣬶Ҳ࣬Ҳ࣡
һ̣Ѿȴ̫̫ˣҲѾ̫ƣˣõļįȻ׼ʼ֮ſɲǵĻԻѤó׵ıԼʶ֮С


583 
ҶڲϵؼȡΧʼ֮ʼϵǣ˾˵̬ˣԴϵһɲǣϵţƤһ㣬ð͵̡ʹ֪ˡ
һ޽ٽ΢ըѿΧԴ⾡ը鿪
һ֮䣬Դ⾡ըһ֮䣬Դ⾡
ȻڵٶȱλҪ̣ܵʹȴǱ
ʼʥؼҵľǶսˣԴ⽥£
֮Уһ͵ҩˮһӿ޽ٽ֮УĵﾡڻȻ޽ٽһһؽԴ⾡ƿˡ
Ҷǻɸߴ޽ٽ˼޵ĵزɢŵ⣬Դʥ⽻ţάסһƬ֮С
Ҷ֪־ѳʥ֮Ȼ٣Ԫȴǳ治𣬶ͬӵдƴ֮ģһֵܹԴ⡣
ֻԼŮǣȴҲסˡ
ԴʥȻڲͣʴҶ޽ٽսʥ̲žҶ޽ٽȴǴŴƴĽ汬ԿڽڶԿսʥľ
ɽӶԴˮ֮ͷ֮ԴؿʼݽҶ޽ٽЩ벻
ࣣҶϺȻˣ꣬һƤȻըѳһŰ׷İ
֮ģȴǵڶɢ˸ǿҵķ⣬סսʥʴ
ڣһ㵭ȻҶʶ֮Уˣɷѽܹ֮ת
֮УȻȼһܵĻ档ķˮһҶڣҶԭѾЩ͸ȴǽָֻʵ塣
һռ֮УȴǾɢ˿
֪ѾסˣҶɫ࣬۾
ڵĿռ֮кȻٴӿһˮɫĹⲨɷҶԴܣˮ֮ʼȼķԴԴϵسҶӿ˹
һȼգˮ֮Ϊ̴ɵˮ׼Ȼʼһһ½
ˮ㣬ɡɴ͸һƽص
Ҷʶ̣ɡˮ֮
ûãɡƮ
ˣҶһҵ޽ٽûеĹͷǲҪͷԴ⼴ɢҪǶҪţ
Ҷɣ
ѵȥѾʹ࣬Ҿ̤·
ҶſеԴ⣬ֿԼ͸һɾ
ԶȻһۣƺĳ־ģһΣȻҶߣƾŲסԴ⡣
飡ڵֵסԴ⳹ڻˣֻʣԪ
ԴԪ֮УȻ˿˲á
Ҷף⣬Դʥ֮ġ
֪˶ã·һɲǼ䣬ƹǧ꣬Դˡ
ʱȻһԪᣬؼȻڻ˸ɸɾһˡ
Ҷޱ飬ӿ׹ɫ԰ѩޣЩ˸ɾ
ڣԴ֮ؿʼ£رǿƥԴ⾻ձɽ
ؼһƬ磬ǧ֮ȻǳΪ΢˺ڰ
սᣬҲԴսʥҲԴʥ⡣
Դ򡢻Ȼۻƥ޵УǵȴȻԴʥøɸɾһԪҲѾһĹţȻƮ˹
ʱλȻδ𣬵ķѾڻʣһԪ飬ʵѾѰСȲˡ
ΨҶɱסһֵ޽ٽһסԼֿ֮ʤһ
Ǻķ̫Դˣɽ֮н֮һԴ޽ٽ˸ɾ
˿̣ؼ䶼ָ徲ΧֻһƬޱ޼ʵĻֲָ֮
Ҷһ֮Լʼһһ˳»ԭˣ˽ԭ͡
Ԫˣһػһ¡
ǷԴˣ¡
ҶСָ˳״̬ģ¶ƣ̬λֳ˱Դ̬
ʱλѾûյصƣǱĹƮţȴһȻ⾳ʼʥͬ壬ȴѾ׾ˣԪ鶼ûбס
ȻԪڡ
ʼʥһԪڣȴֻ˸ɵؼһ̣ǱԴڻ˸ɾ
ҶǰԪĬȻƬ̣Ȼһ
λˣҶѯʵ
ԴܹƥԴģֻĶѣȻһ㱾ѡ
ħħ֣ν֮ΪʥԴҲδܹڵǡ
λҪҰǻָʵôҶʵ
ˡҶµļԪӦµٻ磬ѾҪˡʣµˣҲظмֵܣ˲ǰװҪģ׼ʼ֮һ⣬㿪֮Ȼת٣ʱһ̰ɡ
ҶĬȻƬ̣ðɣȻλˣҶĳҲˡ
˵꣬һϷųһסλԪ񣬼Ȧ֮£λѾָ˼һЦתͶʼ֮С
ʼ֮ڣȻԴ⣬Ѿ˲λˡ
ҶԼĽһ֣λȨΪ壬ǵʼ֮һ⣬Լȴ˼Ԫĺġ
λҲ£ԴǷʼ֮ŵһ֮ʱ޿̵гһܹУһ
ʼ֮֮Уȴһ磬һжǸɸɾһһŵĻƺʲôҪ̥ƿǶȴƺ̲ΧһŵƯţеλãҲֻһԴ⡣
кȻҲеɷħҲħֲһ㡣
ɽ֮ħζģΪ˼޽֮е֮۶ɣҲƶħؽ֮еħζΪؽ֮ɷ
ɷҲ˫ħʸɵõ
ӦĴԴ֮һĵ֮Դͨ콨ľһԴͨ콨ľ屾ԴĿǣͨ콨ľǣֻ屾ԴѾʼʥѪ㻯޵ٶȺܿ죬ҷ޴󣬱Ҳһǰ;壬վΪʼʥ˽վ֮


584 緢
ҶغȻһ
֮䣬ͨģ໥ӡ֤ġ
λԪڿƯţתһ㡣
ԼĿռ䣬΢΢һ
ǣһԪᣬѾͷ˰ɣ
ҺԼ罫Լ޽ٽ֮еķľ磬Ļ˵ʼ֮ˣʼʥȻҲԵĵֵס
ԼĿռ֮гһŵĻ԰ﻨŽأֲݣеԶһûĴǳ塣
һռѺſˣ߳˼ӰɴƮһʱ˹§סӯ
ɴ˫֣Ҷӡ
ʹ޽ٽһԪԴĴĥҲ˷˪ǡ
Ʈں§ס֫
ȥˣһжȥˡҶһЦ§סŮ
һɫĹⲨˮ֮س˹۲΢΢˸
ɵѾͷҶ򢣺Щǲܹʱ䳤ֵģ´Ҫסˡ
ˮ֮΢΢ͷӯ
Ůȶԭأ˯ѣƺΧһжĮģתһɵ⣬ȻʱҲûţдˣΪѾľˡ
һԪʱɴƮ岢ûţ˲ͣشĥķ򣬽̺˷ķת˱Դ֮ҲѾͻ硣
¶ɬ֮⣬˹İķᱧһ¡
ɴƮȻһЦһԪʱ˲ϵص㣬ʹʧȥֻǵҶɡ
е֮ȴǻûһɾͼʻʢɾвٵ޴дԾΪ֮ᡣ
һ֮һŮҶǰߵŮɻ׵ĹװɣؿҶС
Ȼʵ״ԪǿѾﵽתʵĵز
Ҷ֮֡΢Цлѽˡ
Ҳϲֿ֣޳ҶȻЦ
֮黥һۣ¶һ˿۵΢Ц
ҶڻǰؽһԪᣬʼ֮ŵʼʥ
֮£Ψһѣս
λֻʣһ˿Դѣ෨ͨѾԴȥȫģǣҶˡ
ʼ֮д˳ƮƮҶǰˣɫ쳣
λʼ֮ˣҶЦ
ˡ¶ɫЦϧﰡûзˡ
αؽ黳лһ͸ǵġҶЦ뵵Ĺ𵴵ƮƲ
λкδ㡣ʼ֮еĶǿҲòˡҶ⣬ڵ
ǻ٣಻ʤѵ⻹𣿳ǽ٣ǽ٣ǰڴˣҲڴˣǰкȴʼɰҲǡǣԴ쳤Цʣµ飬ˣҶһ̰ɣ
λĿתɫƽ޾塣
ðɣλټˡҶ˵ͷһӣԪ񻯳⣬ȻͶããĻ֮С
ˣһﱨ죬Դ֣˵Ծ˽ѣ
ɴӱ˹ʵλôô
ҶЦһ
ôصʱλ᲻ᡭƮ嵣ĵʵ
صġҶЦԴǵԪ񣬺οء
λͶתʧȥеļ䣬ֻһ֮һұסʥ֮ĵӡͶ̥˼䣬һˣǶǶԣΪĶҪˡ
ѾڲסǵۣҲѹסǵģƫɽҰסͻ
Ҫ˼֮㰮𣬱ϣǶԣѾȴˡ
ܹΪʥͣѾҶܹʵˡ
¸¸¡
֮ˣֻԴ֮ȻУԴֻʣ˼ϸ΢һСŶѡ
Դ֮緢˳ڵ±ɢ
Ҷͷתͷãã֮Уʼ֮ڣĵŴŵ˸ݣʼͣӿ緢ɵĹâҫա
Щﶼ̲ʿԸȻȻԴ֮ɣͬСɡ
УҲҵ
Ҷ޽ٽǵ˼ޣſҵһ£ΧǧﶼûɢԶǾȥεعڵϡ
ʼֽ֮˰֮֮ڲ緢ˣﾡҶ˶Ķս֮С
ʼ֮ųױ䵭͸漴ɢ֮С
ҶȴӦˣʼ֮ȻѾ޾һӡһԪ֮ս֮ɰӡ켣ײ
Щﶼʼ֮ɵģ֮һɣ̥׹ء
˵ʲôأ˰ˣȥҲȥҲҶ̽סһʯֻԴ֮һʯ
ҶȻһ㱣Ȼطеʯ쳤̾
Χڰռţûһǳ޻ޣĳеһ͹¶
սԶսתս˼䣬֮֮֮ңɽ˶ض춷תվɾʹΪҵλ֮䣬Ȼտյ޵ˣ֮أԼţֻѾʵ˰ɣ
ҶתۿΧįأкȻӿһߴʤĸо
ǧ֮Լľһ̶ˮ޶־ֻŸӵʵ˰ɣ
Ҷ漴˸ոתλ̾˿зĽǵǷɵ֮ġ
ʹƴɾ޽ٽվǿһ
ҲҪԵʰɡҶΧıԵԼ
ֻҪԸ⣬ֻһ֣ܹƬ羡٣ȻѳɣϾգʮԪˣӡһ¿ЩᰴЩӡ켣ɡ
ֻܵȴһˣλҲĳ˯֮С
Ҷֻվʼ֮ŵԭأӦػסԼߵˣĬĬصȴš
ԴһԪʱ䣬֮Ȼѳɣؼӡδ⣬ʱأ֮٣ֻ٣ȴʼ֮еԴ⾡ڻܿʼһ׳١


585 ٵأ֣
ҶĬĬȻ޵Դ֮š
ؼĻ֮ѾյĿ궯ˣƽıԵشԼкĳ֡
ǻ缴ţǿٵص
ĬĬ˼Ƭ̣ȻһӣаһɫʯȻ
ŽɫʯԸʯĴԸ۶ɵȴҶô׾ٵض
Դ֮е̲ԸͶ֮ҵȵȲһ㣬вܹݣȴ˵ģǼȻع鵽Դ֮УЩȫǶ
û˿ķȫǱԴ
Ҷ漴ͳһ龧ɫʯͷһȦȦֻ֮ϸذš
еʯֻ̺ıԴ̵ֻ֮κҲ޷赲
ν̲صľͲʲô֮࣬ϵıԴ֮һֱԴ෨򣬷֮ٷչ෨
κηֻҪӦıԴᱻɣΪǲԲģԴȴԲġ
Ԫͼ򡢱Դ
Ҷ漴һӣؽʯ֮һ
ʱ֮еӡ֮ҶҪп֮£Ǿ˳֮٣˳ߵд󹦵¡
Ҷﾡһ飬һ֮漴ͽЩﾡ˰˼ŷƯķ
Ҳűãǧɢȥ
Ҷ¶һĨ΢Ц
һԪʲôľأڴ
Щﶼǻ֮еıΪЩıԴӰ֮£磬λŻвͬԶᷢչ˸Եľʷ׳ʶһ񣬶ǧƪһɣһģӡġ
˱Żı仯Ż᲻ϵнķ
֮Ҳʼ̣𡣶Ļ֮ѾֳһֶˣͬһĺˡԴ֮Ի֮Ӱȴִͬʼ̡УͶԽγɵǧвͬ
ƩһԪԴ֮еԴ֮ſһɲǣ֮ʱ˰˼ŷҶȴѡ֮𽥹ڻ֮УͶ˰˼ŷıʹýǧ磬һʲôأ
ҶЦݣϣӣȻԼ֮С
ռ֮УȴһԴŮе׺һУһƬŽأɴ١ͻƮ轣壬ڣҲЩļȡ
Ҷ˹֮Ůӭ˹һ˫˫Ŀɴ˹һۡ
ַƵĴԺɴź·Цӯӯص
ǾȻʼѧŮˣǲǺܼįأҶʵ
ûʲôءɴǿһЦϰҲͺˣ⣬ŮڣǵؽϾǱȲ÷㣬ЩŮ֮ʦڵġ
ҶۣоʮֵĺɵؿЦһ
ɴʱ˿Щ΢΢ˣƺֹҪ˵Щʲô
㲻ȱһЩʲô𣿡ɴպȻκʵ
ȱһǰɣҶҸ֪⣬漴Ц
Ůһʱ䶼ߺҲˡ
ǰȴǱԴɨһ£Ȼȵļʱסһ飬ȴ˴ļ䣬ȻѾָ˲٣ȴǲȱȫǰȻʧˣΪҲѾɥҶγֲһֽѣҲĬʵ
ȱľʱˣҶʯϴȥļ֮ҲԸԳسɾҶĺ֪
һֻᰴסļͷɴξɴ˿˿顣
ʱ˿̣ıԵ֮УԼеˮγɵĹԼʹ֮еĶȻľȻҶῪ죬òʱ⣬֮ɻڻٵأֿǶȻˮݻ
ɴֻһʱдҶ֣صҡ
ɴһڵʲôϵЩ̲֮ǿоһأ
˵ҲˣȰƬؿ˵ɡҶңңǰޱ޼ʵһƬ磺Ҳٹϸ꣬˵׷չˣ˷һƬٴεȻˣҲһ֮󣬾ǵĽ֮ˡ
ƮֵǺðǾ;˼ηչ˵ģ
´ߴҶ㶯ְɣҶɣǿٵصĴ°
ٵءٵذҶһЦȻ˫ִ˴꣬漴һһźڰ׹ȻɣŻ֮С
飡
źڰ׹ֻȭͷСһţޱ޼ʳĻ֮Уֻһ΢ѣųյĻ֮׹һը֮£ʱըƽ⣬ķӦһ㣬Ѹѷչ˿ضʼཹཱུطޱߵķӦɢšһֱ쵽˻ıԵ֮أ֮ͣ࣬м˵ˮ𣬿ʼݣӿƳϮ磬޴ķϮ
Ҷ˾ôĬĬվڱԵشǰ׳ƴĳŻʼر仯
֮ѾӦˣӦ˲֪ãղ־ãɷӦȶȿʼ½һڰнʼˡ
Ե֮ԼеˮҵغХҶһӣһɫĹɻŻ֮Уػźڰƹ⡣
Ѿγ˺ڰ̫һһ֣ȽȽ½γسˡ
ʼ֣سΣǳܲ
֮УΧصĻ֮³֮״ҵǧٴ˰飬Χ֮֮Ҳǳ
ɽɣԴΪǧ磬ųγ²˼֮硣
ȻܵӰ죬ǧȴֽȻͬ
ɽԪʢ
ʣµ飬ˣҶһ̰ɣ
λĿתɫƽ޾塣
ðɣλټˡҶ˵ͷһӣԪ񻯳⣬ȻͶãã˼֮С
Ѿϴȥȫ˼¿ʼ
ʱأ㹻ˡҶסɴƮ֣ҲֻΪǲįһַʽˡ
ûϵǶءɴȻһЦסֵ
ȫ꡿
==========================================================================================
վС˵Уȫ-Уȫ-У޴TXTС˵أhttp://www.freexiaoshuo.com/
==========================================================================================