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¡
ߣսȾѪ
ݼ飺
书Ʒ飬ʸ߷壬ƵУ
˻һ沨֮ʱ̾ǼԸ
书׷֮·
ʦ֮ӣǱֻѡ̤̤ʵʵɡһǰ֮ĺ϶ΪһԽѧ
ϴȥǦʲôʲôʧɰܣֱǰ


001 书
ĺݸ糿ɺˣϾ֮أŨĺ⻹Ҫٹϼ²ɢȥ
֮ˣԼʵʵģܰҡ
îʱһֵϽϢߺͷβԶԶȥݳһʱ
ϣ¼ھ֡
ǱںԺյϴȭԺǽⲻϴš
īɫ̺֣֮䣬˫Ͼ΢΢¿֮չͦñֱһȭһȭ顢̡ţ۵趯ƶţϥ˿ʼƽȡ
ϰ֮ԣһ۾ϳȭ
ȭഫΪ̫ʽ׹򷨶ɭϣһǰԾɣ١򵥡ֱӣʵĸȭսѧûӦתţǹλƷ⹦
ôһɳȭ˿ڳǱʹȴţƳڵġ˫ĥƵģȫޡֻһһʽþʱ˫ȭ͵һ٣۽¶Щ
ס˲䣬Ǳ¶ǰϣɼһָ״СƤƤĸоֱٶʧ
һߴȭһ۾ɫƽüͷȴ΢΢ϵıڸʲôһ㡣
ǱôĿȭԽСʱȭһ³캮ɢ
ǱվԭأĬüͷĸ˺һ᷽̾˿
ϢͦëףĻһȭ£ڱͬ˵͡²죬Ϣ֮£Ըе⹲Ҫ˵ˣһоûУղͨ㣿
ţǱ˫΢΢߶ֱС˦ġžž˦Уϴð𵭵
̼䣬ԭϵκδ壬Ѿ͸½
δֻվԭؼ˦֡ȣ˼š
ϰУʰϣ̥Ѫ쾳ͨ͸ȻԴһĪؾνʣ㾪ģ
뵽Ǳ˿Լ˫֡
Ȼ磬Ӧó֮Ժ㣬ʸ߷壬յϤ⣬Ҳ㲻ǡ
Ǳһ֮ɫ
ϰʮ̥꣬ûͻƣϢ꣬ζܲڵϸ΢仯
̥㡣
һ壬ǣչ죬⣻
ڶϢɣĻ𣬴̼ǱܣȭŵıϢอʣ
ͨԺȭþӦϢƤĤǽڣƤĤڵ⾢һɣϹֱͨ͸ͻƷ̥̤ѪӴɣң
Уһһӡ̥Ϊ»Ľ׶ΣεߣȺ壬ҪһߵѪҪЩ츳ԼһŬ
ǱüǵģǴ¡
㲻ϼѣҲǷϲ֮ԼҸһģʵǶ仯УǸо
ҪУг
ߵУǲʶḶ́޵΢ɲҲ
ҲΪұԭԶĸоŸңƽﲢӰ죬Ҫϸİ仯ϣͳΪԿԽǵ
Ǳˣ˵ڵ꣬һŽε򣬴Խġ
ʱСǱһزԵԵɺ£ռ塣һʼĳǱƹŴĵ磬е
书
磬书
Ǽ򵥵ǿ壬ǧ߱ڡǧ书
ǱӳﻹõһЩϢ֪书еһ̶ȣһέɽժҶСˣ
ЩȻ˳Ǳӡй书Ķ塣
ȻڳЩɽһЩ񻰴˵ҲǵĶһԡǳǱԼ˽⵽ʵ㹻ĳȵˣһЩĵ׵·ͷ
ǰĳǱһħˣϢѾ˱ѳΪ߻ħĳ̶ȣŴԭѧѾô书ĳ֣µ׷
ƵϵóǱ䡢δ֮ʣͿʼӴѧ
һʼ٣Ͼǰ˼롢䣬޷ȷ仯ˣԽԣԼ˳Ǳٶȡ
󣬸׵һҴլб˳ټ⺵
ȱ游ָûϰ鼮ȱӪҩģǱǰϢ󣬾ͺ󾢷ѵô
ûɷţҶг̶ȣҪͨվ׮ȭͨʵѣǰмʱҲǾùʧܣֲиһ㹥ѹصġֻҪŬȥһɾ͡
Ǳţüͷȴûչ
ֻǣվҪʦǰʦˣǿһָһεʽȻΪڶĽǰΪΪöǽĸҪʧѵȫˮƯҪǣºүүİʮϣһֻᱻһҵѣٰ裡үүҲӿһ֧
뵽Ǳڰ׷Уһߺ֮ɫ
֪Ҫͣ׶Դ˺ĸƸ֮ˣÿδӱһҪϴ档ƽǿżšӪھ֣࣬Ҫܵȼ尾ôʧ
һˣǱʼƽϣ΢΢仯ͷһš
ǰһûɼ˵ʲôǿյģҪǱ졢ֻعͱűǮҿһεİɽܷɹɡ
ٴγһǱǿ԰Ļ̧ͷ˿ɫ
ʱˣϴº󣬳ͣʰһ¾͸·ˡ
ͷ£ȥ
Ǳͺܼ򵥣һСţ⡢һӣ̸Ϸʢȴֵơ
أڱ˴ϪķȴЩսңѷԭ·Ͼδţⶼֻ̼˴Ǯӱԭģۼ۾ˣǷڣͨ˼Һѳʳ
Ǳһңͨ˼ҡ
ܾӪһھ֣ʮ˷࣬οдļҵھ¡¼ھֵһղһա
ǱкԼҵվҪǰμʽȻҪӪֻĬĬ׽ƽ¡
һԣһŮӣŷɫȹƵοųǱʳ
ŮǳǱĸϡ
óǱԵòʱΪһΣʱǱѾһոīɫװ
Ǳʽǿ󣬶ѧ࿴ϰǱĻҳ˵˼ʦʲôҪǮĵطʹ
Ǳüͷһ壺ףΪͨǰѾ̫࣬ºүүٳҪôٷ˴ǰȥ۳벻ɣǰ󲻹죬ʲô
ԷһϵĻû£ͻȻһк
ͷͲҪˣ
ǰͷҪȥμʽ
ˣͷϾѪĸ֣ס
Ⱥʹһ󺺵ײײĳųǱϼ˷ˣͷַ֢ˡ
һ仰û˵꣬һӰȻ䱳˫̤ؼ䣬Ϸա죬֮죬գۼԽſڵ֮ľ룬ڳǱǰ

ǱʱеӭһȻǱǰĿ䶯£
һõŢͷɢ絾ݣ¶һ˿ɵЦ
˵ӰǳǱ϶һ¡
ʱٿһֻ֣һץס˳Ǳļ
ʱγѣ¶һ˿ŭݣ㵽ҪʲôǱҪȥμʽѵһҵزҪǱǰ;
˵ţֺ̧ηǹ˵ֱץȥ˵㻹֣Ҫ˵ԼĶô
ǹ˲ţԼĲץһ׹׾Ĳ˳ǱĲϣк˵ţӡˡҪӮҪӮ䣬䰡
˵ĺƺǴ£Ȼʹ
һԵϿⷬ龰Ҳͣ˶̧䣬ĬĬĨᡣ
ǱǹקԼһʱ֮Щ㱣Լ䣬ǿ˼ǰĸף̵Լϰʱ龰
ЩӰܿ飬ǰʹŵġˡ
ǱڲϵǸ׹ŵ׹ϣǿԼ׼ǰõĺɫӣ˵֣ͷ
ҶݡӢ
žȨƵ֣٣ĳǱһ涼һľȴǰһ仰¡
Ҳϲ֣Ҳϲˣ֪ôʶ𱰡
ǱļǵãҶݵȻ˵仰ʱ龰
ǳǱ׵֡
Ŵʦֹ뿪ھ֣ǱûдӸӵлָʺͷߺ޳У̶ֱĻ𣬳Ǳع
ӴⲻǳǱôôţͷѲҲҪȥμӿɵʽеϷ֮⣬ֱӡ¶ǡ


002 Ժ
ϷʵԳǱǱת֪Ǻ˷ġ
ķ̷ݳǴļҵӡ
ת׿ȥĿ֣߰ռ˴·
ȺҲһװλй⻪͸ȻɳзƣƥҲΪ񿥣ɷһȺ˾ۼһ𣬾֮νŭ
Ϊ׵꣬òЩƣһ˺ͳǱ൱ǳЦı飬ķ̷ˡ
ķ̷ϵĳЦݣǱ·ŭʱһԳĴʦֹȻķ̷֮˱Ķ磬ķɽʦ㲻Ҫ嶯
Ǳһ㶣ķ̷֮˵ĿﷺЩ衣
ķɽļҵĶӣΪѽӽ̥۷壬ҪǣķɽڼǰѾ˿ɣΪʽӣ
ǱվΪǰ뿪ɣһɵʽӣȻ嶯á
ע⵽Ǳı֮ķ̷ֺЦ¶㣬ڴҶЩ飬һǺһɣǰԺǶЩܹôģ
һ£ķ̷
ϣɣ
ʹǰ֫ڿա֫һţǰ塣֪⻹⣬ƥķǳǱڡ
ڳǱ֮ķ̷Ȼǿ׳֣һ̾óǱЩң㽫ϵĳǱȥú߼ƽ
ʱԭͣڳǱķ̷ˣԼﳤȥͽ¼Цݡ
żԶȥıӰ̳ǱеԼŭ·ҪըﲻʱĸĸӰȴǿаеĳ嶯
ͣһҪֻͣм뵽ɣõɿھΪЩ裡ӱʮ겻Ҫʵȥ𣡡
ţǱƽֹҪ԰οԼĴʦ֣ʦ֣ʱˣҲϽ·ɡ԰գҲȥ
󣬹ųǱԵıӰ̾˿ȥ
н䣬Ǳеŭ⽥ƽֻǶ˶ûע⵽ղųǱʱǿŵԸ׵ĺɢĵâ
ͬһʱ䡣
ڳǱʦֵܶ˵ǰķ̷ֵܶһ߼нţһߴ̸š
ܣʦǰһıԺʽѵãʱֵĳɫһЩźŵӣֱλǽΪŵӡ
İɣղСӱǳг¼ھֵĳǱš¶㡯һＸڷ̥Ϣ֮ϣɼʡʵѡΪٺʲˣټҪִƺھ⡭ķ̷˵ţϱš
ע⵽Լܵϵı飬ķɽһЦã¼ھ˵Żˣ˵׺ͳ϶һ壬һΪҴϪܹô򡢴ѹظҲܿġ
ǣķ̷Цݸ
£ֵܶͬʹнٶּӿ˼֡
һǰء
Ϊ׸ĺ֮⣬а˸ֱء
˸ؾ뺵ݵ·̸ͬеĽеԶ϶һ·̣еĳرںˮˮ·ΪݣͬʱǿɽĶࡣ
ɽϿɣһ
⿪߽֮һԹĴɣǰϪرҵļ֮⣬ÿͻһͽʽ
ʽڼ䣬ɽΧسڵĿԺͻڼڶĽǰİʦ߽ɸѡšС
أǺݾڵĿԺڵء
ŹĽܣǱĬڽֵϣĿļԲ;ĵ·ڶʱ䶼ܼǵú
ֵԾۼ˸ɫ̷ţ˵һȵʽͺǳ͢Ŀƿһ㣬׬ǮĴʱ
ԣΪսҺĵһʽȻǳңҲһѵûᡭ
ظŻЩʵǱˣʱ˵ǱѹˡֻǿЩӲı飬ǱȳǱҪż֡
ʦ֡ע⵽Ҫظһ飬Ǳ̲ס˶ԷҲ֪սҺ״ʽܶԭע;鶼òˣ⿪ɾϪһΣȻͬˡ
Ǳ˵ţĿȺ䵽˲Զһլ֮ϡ
լǽӴ󷽣ȻЩͷǰϿĸ߷Ĵ֡
Ժ
ֻǺ͹ɫǽӦģǰһȺˡż򵥵ǰ彣ʲô
ʦܣǿԺˣǴеĿĵءʱҲ˹լţ֣ſôۼˣ
߽֮Ƿǰʲô
дҼǰ˲μӹʽҪʲôŷãҪ˵ʲôˣ
ǣǣѲԶΪûǮʧȥʸ񣿡
û˵Բԣ
ԽԽ죬һʱҲԽȺ鼤լӵеһҪֵļƣſڵ彣Ҳ¶Щҡ
ʱ
ʲô
һڴլںһ

ҺӵǰļٿصĵѪȾ½
ʶԭеȺȻڿȥ
һò߳ͷֽɫֱִ֣Ѫ
ɨΧ֮ˣûϾͲܲμʽʦ׶вĳһս
彣˵֮æǰ
Ī·ʦ֡
ΪĪ·Ҳˣֻǿ֮ˣϳѪʣһʱ֮ԭֵ˾Ȼʼɢȥ
ԼĪһյʱ䣬ǰۼȺѾɢֻʣ¼˻פоͰ˳Ǳʦֵܡ
Ī·˿µļˣͷӦѾɹŷˣôμ֮˿ҽԺ֮ͬҪβ棬Թ۷ѡ԰һתƮȥ
ԭصļ̿첽ȥ
Ǳ˿ͻȻʵʦ֣ʵңܲμʽǰﵽʹ˶
㲻ضʣˣʦһҪŬҪʦʧ˵Ŵӻͳ˼ղ龰ȥٲҲҪǮҪ飬ЩţʦЩӦӦΪȷؿջȺ򡣡
䣬ǲǱĻᣬԷУתߡ
ǱʦֵıӰޱ˫ȭת̤լ֮ڣź鰸ϽԼдϣ˼¼ְҪִһǮӵʷѣ롣
լڣĿһƬռزС䳡
䳡һƬȡ̴ԣ͸ϵĲ֦ҶԼܹӵķᡣ
⿪ԺȻһռزСͥԺ
ջĿ⣬Ǳָߵ䳡ϣʱʮжӳţվСʮ˵ǰվˡ
˵Ӱ󣬳Ǳͫһ£еĶѾ
Ż멵֮꣬ǰ·ķɽķɽԱߣǸղŵĪ·
˵ԻվһԼʮߣͷСڣһϮɫۣɫ촽ƲСӣһ˫۾ϸ죬оâ֡
ǱԾĽ֮ڣλΧʱȺпķ̷Ӱλ󻧴һĪЦݵؿóǱ
ķ̷Ц˵ĹŹ֣Īʲô㲻ɣǿɱϾǴɣѵʩչʲôı
Ǳվ֮½½˼ˡ
ֱ䳡ϵӵ˽ʮ˵ʱߺȻתͷɳƵԵķɽˣʱˣԿʼˡ
ǣʦ
ķɽͷظһȻ̧ͷվ˼˵ǰĿɨһȦλǶǰҪ󻨷˲ƴ۲ŵվɼǺǵļ嶼ǳʮģǵĻѣǿֱӽеģֻǸλҲˣǰ̫֮࣬ǲͨͨģֻ¼ȡҪֳԼʵУ
˵ķɽǹһĨЦݣֵķҲܼ򵥣ҵȶߣҲΪϰ䣬Խձһ໥д裬ʤߵɣ
ȺеĳǱŴԣһ
ʲô
һǻûܷӦķɽµĻٴηôдʽʼеֵˣǰһ
ķ̷
Ǳ


003 
Ǳһƽɣᴹ
սܰܣɡ
ǱĶ棬һЦķ̷ڿƣû뵽һս¶㣬ϣܶżȭɣһǰͨ㣬˫۵ľѾͨһȭҪǴϣ
ͨ㣬Ҫ⾢ڣͨ֫ɡ
ǱĬֻԭصˡ׼
Һķ̷֮ǰδ֣Ϊǰţֻһ㣬ͨھȫƣԲƴ
Ǳӣķ̷оԼƱЩˣתͷԶĶ翴һۣ΢΢ͷ
ķɽ΢ЦףڵȻλѾ׼ˣôдǿʼɡû£ڵķ̷˫ŵŵأǰȥ
˳壬ȭ
ȭǣֱ̳Ǳţ
ȭļ书ʽʽʽԹ
ķ̷ǡʽ
¶ֱƤϣ˰ƤһĴӼȭͷݹȥǾıֻ֣дﵽͨ
һ֣ȫһȻҪһоѹǱУ
һǱ׮һ˫۾̶ֱȭͷ

ȭͷٴԽԽȭϾԽԽ࣬ۿͽ
ʱǱ˫Ŷˡ

һݣתķ̷һҽŶԷĳ̹ϣ˳һɨ
ˣ
һķ̷СҪ
˲䣬֮ǰǱ֮ǰƽķ̷ǣĻڣϢϾ͵˼֣
ķ̷һҽУ˾Ȼߵ˫أ·˻ȥ
Χս˿˾Ͻһ㵡

˵ΪƫͣȻռϷ磡
һǡôԷһȭǾϣ޷֮ʱŻ֣
ķɽüëһ˵ϸŵ˫΢΢
Ȼˣͨ˵ͨޱȣ˫֮ͨǰŵȺϢ㲢޲ͬҺķ̷ƶٶȡԲûֱ̫𣡡
ǱȱϢ꣬Ȼ˼࣬ⷬжϲʱ⣬Ƕݡ֤
̣֮֮սߡ
һˣǱٴηʸǰתۼ侹Ȼ׷˷ڵķ̷
ˣķ̷ңҼȻлᱨأҪȫԸ
һŭǱ˫ֳȭһʹ뾪֮ɫķ̷Ⱥ
ȭʽ·
ǱȫͨеƤĻ֮ʣҲȴǣķ̷ϾѪתϾܴǳ
ڳǱ˫ȭҪ֮ʣһ󾢷Ϯ
Ӷң
Уһ糤ްųǱĲɨ
ȹ֮ȻǱһּӭĸо
ҪȵϸʱͷˣһȵǽӽѪֵܵʯ֮䣬ǱʶԼԵǺεȵв
һ³˶֮⣬ѾûѡˣǶԶԷ߳Ǳܲ㿪ҲҪʺš
ǧһ֮ʣǱȥ˫ȭȻһȭצһѳסķ̷죬Ȼһգ
ৣ
֮λ̼Ի˳Ǳķ̷󣬶һۿžҪߵķ̷ؿϣ
ߣ
һߣǽߵ͵һڿķ̷ؿ֮ʣ˻ȥ
ֱ˿̣Ǳųһ֮˵ݣûгϣķ̷Ķ磬ķɽ
硣
δķ̷˵ţȻеԼһᣬеľתȻһһʹ

̲סٴβҽ
ץĳǱδţ˫ץŶԷתŤ硢ն˫ۣķ̷һƲһˤҵϣ
ˣ
𶯣ɳԾ
֮ķ̷ѾЩԺˣǱŷ֣תͷηֱһŭɫķɽķɽղһô£ѵҪд衣
Ǳ㲻Ҫ̫ķɽ˵߹ȥϵܷ𣬴ʱʤѷ֣ȶȴǲֱӳˣ˴ҿɣеĶǾ֮£ôܹ£ĺ֮
ǱŭЦ̫£͵ϮһҪұڴˣҲǾӣ
Ǳ˿̻ͷð亹ղˤķ̷һǶԵУǷйеľ֣ոǽ̺ԽϳɼΣе
˵еķɽһȻ㣬ССĳһѧɶȻΪһھͿȥˣǿɲˡ
Ҳ˵Уоң˸ոն֣΢ռϷ磬͵ϮѲֻվŲʤɣյӦǰߣǱ˵ţһֱۿ߿ȥ
˵öԣ˱ȻǸչֶΡ
ȻӮѵӮþĳľĵؿ񣿡
ǰ֮Ϊǿռţ˷ʤߵĲǣû
ǳǱΧμʽ֮Ҳţ׷ߣϾ֮ˡ
ע⵽˵Ŀ⣬˵ȫͽɽ˵ˣǾͲհɡ赭дһ仰ȴܸı˵һ
⻰һ˵ǱеԼ͵һҪһ㡣
˵գ
˲䣬Ǳһ㱣жʱЩģѾ׼ʵʱĸиӣظУǵʧĸյΡ
⵱ڣһ˻Ȼ𣬽Ǳ˻
ȥķ̷ŷ˻ţǱˣˣ
һԹ֮ɫȱүͻƵѪŶֵģ㼤ŭңŭңҪ̾ͼ޼ҡһ³
޼ңң
֣Ǳɫһ䡣
ұҲǺݴ󻧣Щҵֻһǰ˷˻ǿ˳嵽˼ɱӣžҵĲҵ𽥵䵽ļҳӺͶӵϡ
˿̣ķ̷ҵƺйأ
޼ҡҡ˻ҵļҳӡӡļ¿ھ֡
һϢڳǱһ硣
ļÿһҪһ棬ͻΧ˼Уһҵ侭Ӫ¢һǣķ̷ҪӪھ⣡ǡҳ¼ھ־͵Ĳ·жΪһ޼ҡңļ֮һ˹뵽Ǳͷ亹ܣֻһͷš
һ̣ǱеԼܲܽ뿪ѾҪˣƤ֮棬ë֮ɸ
ļƴִ㣬Գ¼ھ˵Եֵ
һߣķ̷أ˻ţǴҽţȥ޼ҡ顭
ĻΪķɽķ̷վû˵ļƴ󣬵Ҳһ죬Щ鼴·˽֪Ҳ̫ͬģҲΪǱ֪Щֿܵ¼ھΪ˴ϪһλǷȻΪ˳¼ӡ
˿ԵЩ͵ĳǱķɽЦ˵ܵĻе࣬о仰˵ĵʵţҪѧ
ķɽ仰ǱȻع˫ֱļֵܣеԼһŻȼ

ҳ¼ҴδˣļҪţȻ˵
ҵˣ
ڳǱؿ֮£׹ϵĺӿʼɢĹâǱ˿ûз֣ʱеܵľƺ뼺ȥֻʣļֵܵӰֻʣһ֡
ɱ


004 ݽΨɱ
ļݸһʲӴ󣬸һԶΪڣ丸ǺݸʵȨ١
ҳ¼ھĸάֵģھֵʦЩɢ˴룬¶ܹ׶֮ˣЩ˿°ѵˣʦ֮⣬ָΪҳ¼˳ͷھһղһգܶȥ֮ġ
ھѺݱҶ˴󲿷ϵֻǻδϳˣҶ֮һֱк֢飬Ϊ˱ҲҶʡ
ջǱϾ˼ţڰ׷һ˿ΣյĹâԽ
ĸһŮٳھ֡ᣬ־壬ʦΪ˴¶ţٸļĴǲָֻܿң
ţǱǾȻһĨЦݡ
ֱⷽӣҲк󻼣ļҼѴҳ¼ھֲҵĺ󳾣ٴĺ󻼶㲻ˣʲô
һ뵽㣬Ǳһݣ֮ɫֶ
ļƴƹ㣬Զҳ¼ȵģǹСҼҾǲݽ桢ϣݽԹУ˵ȨвһҺͬ

ǮٺȨ졢ֻһǹƽҾҪԼȥֹƽ
޿̣
ɱ
˵ǱϵЦԵԽ
ڴʱ
ˣ
һǱţź¶˹ݡ
ʦܣǸ·ˡƽ˵ţֳƽɫϵȻҲβ˵ġ
˵ҲǣصջûãǱͻˣնµķ仹ûʹãͱ֪ѲҪˣʦûܵóԸ˭ڶʱﾭЩƽ
ʦЩȻı飬Ǳ̾˿Ǹڵʦ֣Ҳͬȥ
ţһ£ȻЩ٣ʦܣ㲻Ҫ벻ʽΨһ·ȹ꣬ȫԷʦ˼ָ
ʦˡִ˹ĻǱҲ֪ûţȴݺݵļֵܵӣǵıԺܿԼʹ·Ͻסǣϣܴˮ·뿪ܿǡ
ˣΪβһͬ뿪ɻ
ʲôתǰھֲ֪ȴ˲ףĲʣļֵܵıĿңǶ˷ֿʦԵķСһЩҲܸĶܡ
֮һٷʱ䣬Ǳһ˵ڽĵشӵĹ˵ˡ
ȻˣҾзأҪעЩȫ˵ŻЩģƥҶʹߣϵӴվһƥ
šǱͷؿڵʦǰѶ̵ɷҷ
ԺԥصͷӻȡһѰ۳䵶ݸ˳Ǳ
£ΪԭʽƤװŵģǱӹ˳һ顣
ৣ
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⵶ǳǱýn֮ƽﶼЯȴһãԵû˿ͻڣ
˵ʦ֣ǱûڿջͣǴҴ뿪һ任·ȻµεڽͷδֱҲ
Ǳ·Ŀĵεܿڳĵһҿջпļҵļʹӣֱ뿪û˿ͣ
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һʱ֮󣬳Ǳ»ϵЩǸմһƬŢһ㡣
ʱźܻ߽ļһڵĿջ
Ŀ䣬ǱطԭۼڿջļʹӼѲǵļҵƥҲ˼ƥ
ļʹӦִʲôˡһˣǱڵӰûջ֮С
صĿջ˵зչǱϾĴǣֵششຮ֮أڹģӪϵĺͰϵ©ɲ٣ֻҪСһЩԳǱϢΪͨ˵ע⻹ûġ
ʱƣͷתۼ䣬ҹ
ЩտĿջʼͨ¥һͷԵЩž
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һŭ֮ɫķ̷ƿ˷š
һȺȥ׷Ϣ߶첻ã
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һ˵ţѵһӻȡһСӷϣתȥСڳǰ̾ҪǼūƤţ
ķ̷֮ʱͻȻһɴ˫ۣ͵ָ̧Ϸ
˲䣡

ϷһӰ£ֱͦͦ䵽ķ̷ϣ֮Ƴķ̷һʹһӣһŲͽķ̷졢ͬԴһסס亰
·ͻȻķ̷λһֱ˳˳ˮĹӸ磬æҵ±һɾҪƿѹסԼͷֱۡ
ӰһֻŵĶ̵˳һ
Ѫţķ̷Ĳ϶˵ϸѪߡ
ϲ̵ִͣķ̷ĿڴضѸޱȣûһ˿
ɱʱҪȡ
һķ̷֣֮ͣȻһ鲼סףϡܹϳǱݡ
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˼ţǱеļƽ
ǰѪ쵫ѺϢӰϲÿܹķ̷ϵı顪
ںޡʹࡢ˼һĻ档
뵽ʱǰԷĲһԶԿǿҵķǱеѹͷľʯƺ̧Щһ˿֮⡣
Ǻݣ֮ҲѪ岽ʬһˣƥյնУ
ʱǱ΢΢һԼⲶ׽΢춯
ˣ
˿ûļתͬʱ۾һԵɨһÿһСӡ

˲ϵƺ󣬳ǱһѽβͣӷĴ˳ȥ
뿪ⷿʱûϢֻ´ϲɺѪ
һ

ѸٽţǱŤڿ衢ķŵļͣһһֺ̤ץأнߣ
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ӣȻôֶΣһŭĽкӺ洫ʮ㡣
Щ죬ƺ֮ǰڿԺУĪ·ӷġ
Ǳܿзֱ˶Էݣͷһ·ϲ˺ܶ壬ӦÿסٶȣֻҪﺵˮߣ׼õСܰ˱ϾѪߣвṦ
뵽µĲּӴࡣ
Ǳǰļס޵Ŀջ֮ǰ뿪һʱЩʱ䶼ɫ·ߺͲˡ
·߶̣ɣΪǱȡ˱ʱ䣬ۼˮˮļͽܹ⣬׷ԾԼһξ룬Ǳ΢΢ɡ
ӳȥ֮󣬾ܴӦˣļļȻҪΪ˸ŻȺҳ¼ھ֣к󻼣ƴƣ
ڴʱ

ƿ֮
ǱûзӦñǰһһطĽ͸ض
ʱѪӿѪҺȾ˳Ǳǰ½ҲʪϹŵĺӣӹâ֣˿˿Ѫʼ͸ڹӰ䶯ƺʲô
ǱˣǳƲǰֻʧȥЩ鶯ҡҡλεģôֱ˰ߣͨһļˮ֮С


005 ֮ȭ

ˮļˮͷ˷¹⣬ҹУһƬ̷
Ī·վڰˮ紵۶ƮƮɡ
ʾ˿µһѪתͷ۲Զͣŵһ֧״壬Ȼ󿪿˵ͽǼƻֱ꣬أЩͱȻȥ
Ļ£ӰУһ˻߳һ֮ɫüͷ壬ķ̷Ķ磬ķɽ
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ķɽɫˣܼ˼ʬ޷׽
ŶĪ·һתߣһ˵ô˵ˣ
Ҫûɲķɽ̯̯֡
ǲãĪ·ЦЦؿ̳мҵϰ˳һʦϢҲο
ķɽϵεˣͷҲǲúŪˣûֱץֵĺá
˵ǰһˣѾ뵽˭ˣпֵܶģԷܣ޼ɵС
ЩȺʦ͸ע⵽ķɽϵı飬Ī·²ֱ֣֣ͣʡȥЩ鷳á
Ȼķɽ˿ϵı֮ɫѵȻ޴棬ȡ֮һĨЦǲһȥ֪ҪǣݳǵھȷʵҪһƶˡ
䣬Ӱûּ䡣
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ĺݺǧΪҪ࣬ʣԴڱӣݡ
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ˮߣһӰΡΡĴӽˮϰһһΪѣڼ֮˽һڵأڴϢ
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ֻϧһȻɴ࣬˸ĸ˻Ҫ鷳նɱļӹȻǺް취еһ˵׺пΣǰƫн
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סף֮Ӹᣬʮҹػĸȣȴһ˿𣬲Ϊⲡƽ裬ĸסʣΪТ
УߵףΪԽʮദС
˵ǱҪ˵Щʲôȴ뵽Լ޳ֽʵ޷ʲôŵԣĩˣֻһߵףͷѪģ
ֱеԽ䣬֫鴤˵ʶȴƮƮɣкؿڵѪ¡
Ҫ˰ɡ
еı仯Ǳȴƽǳͷ˿ֱߵǸˮݺεСӣ̾˿
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仰һǱһ£·ͻȻγѰ㣬ԭѾģ˵ʶۡ
ǰ󲻹ʮ꣬ȥźź޷͸
书
н⣬ֻǰҸһθ߾ζֻһΡһҲá
УǱ֪ӺδֵȻţó鴤˫֧壬̧Ҳŵ˫ֱۣͦ˱İڳһӡ
ȭʽƴ
˫ۻ£Ȼһż߳¾˫ڶʽС
Ȼؾ˫ȭͬһǰһ󣬾ʽ·

һʽʽȭʩչĥٻǱʶҲԽϡǶȴϳȥһȭһȫƾܡ
һҲáҪ֪
߽һУǱ֫չϢѹݣȭžģȭżһֱ˴˺ӦĸоָоԽǿҡ



Ǳ˫ѾˣغţڵľһС㣬ʼȭεۼһȥ
ڣ
飡
ʲô谭ˣǱеԼ˫ϵľк룬ӿڣ
ͨ
ͨ˫ۣ
ԭָͨо˫ͨƤĤͬ𶯣ãԲٿ⾢šһɣڽڹᴩһԱ˵ʡʡϧϧ
СϧѾ΢ɲ죬Ǳ˵֮󣬷˲ʧȥȫһ㣬ȭʧȥ
ȥ˲䣬ǰȻ˸ĿѪɫâ
ѪɫУӰֶ۳һȭͷСĺɫš
΢΢һΣ¼壬û˳ǱѪģĶͷ֮ϣͷȻʼѸٵ
ͬһʱ䣬оԼڲ׹ԨĳǱȻеǰһ죬һƬ
ԺдϢʼӿ
ȭ


游ĵ˫
׳սʱķ
ȥʱƮˣ

һ׮׮һǳǱʮΪ̵ļ䣡
ǹڡ
书ļ䣡
ǱͻȻҽ
ۣͷѣ
Щ䲿ȺһѷĴͷӿǻҺʮ̼䣬ڶ̶һɲǼȫӿӴļ
˵ͷ޷ܵģ
ֽɵĺܿǡ
񲣡
裿
һ̣ǱԼ׵Ӱ
ѵ˵׵֢Ϊ
ͷûת꣬Ǳ㵵ķ֣Լַӵ˸ļ䣬β书ǡ
֣ţֵԣ߼
ǰļ䣬Եļ䣬ΪԶõļ䣬ˣ
Щɢѧ䲻ͬһǰƵģʽֵģЩЩѧ֮С
ҵļ˲˱仯Ŀĵһӵˣǿʼ໥ϵС
ֻǣ¼ļƺӼĴСǱеԼԴһǣ˲䱬ˣ󳹵ʧȥʶ


006 ʶ
ǱӵΧһƬݴУоԼǻ˯˺ܾúܾã̧ǰȥĿһ߲㱦
ģʴĵ׸֣չһʱ䣬ƬδԺ
ر
һƬΣǱ̷ǰȴûпκ˿ڡ
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û͵˱ǰȥ׳ۣǽȴûʲôװΣԵüӡ
Ҫϰʱܵô͵ˣǱɣȻ̧ͷϿϣһң֡
ʶ
ֱߣֽҪƿշɳҵĸо
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Ǳ䲻鷨ͨеһ̶Ⱦ˵ָ־Բ䣬鷨һͬ±ϳ˵
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ûˣ
ڿյģֻһŵĿܣǱŽкöûлӦ
³ǱȻģСĵ䣬Ŀɨһŵܣϸ۲š
Ϊλ˶Ŀܣû˿ҳȻáţ
ɻԽŨ֮ʣǱȻһϣСӣڿյȺԵΪͻ
߹ȥ𣬿ȥԭء
ȭ
¼ҽ
ôֹйƷ⹦ôͷƴǱ˳ַǱȭ
ৣ
ǰâһǱһѸٺ󳷣ͬʱ䱸̤пʼһֱĴ澯衣
ǰһɰ׹پۺһ𣬽һΡ
۹ˣ֣ǰⷬ󣬳Ǳɴ۾ȵĻں档
ӰΣԽϹâɢ¶糣˵ӰӰȴǱĿɿڴ
ⲻô
ǰšͶͳǱ޶£Ψһ𣬾˵Դͣͷϻһָϸۡ
⵽ʲôѵٴδԽˣһ磿
ڳǱľУǡðƻ˽һĶ
ܱͦۡȷֿν
ӣǱеľȷЩƽȭһʽƴĪǡǱ˵ŵͷ˿ԼǱСӡ
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һصȭðƻϺȻƾոֳԲȦͷֵ
Щؾڳֵ˲䣬Ǳ˴Ϣ˽̺ŵ⡣
̶ȡɱԣ⵽ǡֱʾǱͷһһ²⣬ҡͷⲻܣ
ðƻĲȭȭһһʽʩչǱȵķ֣䶯ϰߡȭȵĽǶȡȶԼһ޶
õʽֱˣÿʩչʱܾȲȫӳʽֲ֮νӵʽϣҿһʩչΰɡ
Ǳͷո£ԶǸðƻͻʽ

һȭֱ
ԴԹʱһʣָһǣõϣԢΪؼҪ
ֱֱָҪɱУ
һȭֱһʽֱ仯򵥡ֱӣĿֻһɱУ
ۿĳǱһӵһЩϢһȭʱȵͼֵ쳣Ⱥ֮ǰͬѵ⣿ڶķ΢΢ǰĻţ
ǱԺеͷ£ǰðƻȻǱһǣʵͼֵҲϸ΢ı仯
ȺɱˣǱʱ򣬷ƽˣΪ˵ĳǱ˺ܶ࣬һЩϢĽҲͨǿϺܶ࣬ڶȹһʼľ֮󣬴ʱѾƽ
ҵĲ²ȷĻôֱ۵Ķ΢΢գͬʱŤȼӵһЩ
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ɱ˺ܶ࣬򱻾ˣͬһʽֱֶԭɵɱԣ
뵽Ǳ΢΢˫̧ۣ֣ģ¶ԷĶиͬʱп˼š
ǰɹâɵļһʩչʱҴÿʽĲͨʶֱӸıµĲԵԽ࣬Խܶһи˽⣡
һˣǱһ²̫ˡ
У費˽һ֮֫£ͻдŵĸ򣬾ͺǱǰһˣһ֣ȵͶԼ˴ŵĸо
ϰҲˣоˣԷӺͶȱݣ
ΪԽߣԽ׼ȷḻ󣬾ͿɸָϰĹơԹ˵ĸܴͨʺԼ⹦
֮ǰһֱڷ̥ڶ㣬ΪУôеߣҲһȭȥ֪һȭǶ١ж˶ٱɱΣˣ
뵽Ǳкð˼֮ɫκιͨϸʵʲȻԴΪݽ㹻ĳԡκιпܴﵽϣЧ
һ̣Ǳ·ָֻǰǸˣݵкȫ
ֻͬĶϸ΢ĵɱˡԡȲиɲͬЧܿԭ͵һȭҡһ䣬Сӣ
ͷ£ǱȻתͷһԵǸðƻµע⡣
ðƻٿͦȭȭͣһȭһؽ͵һȭͷһת͵ֱΪŤУ
һ仯ֵͼ꿪ʼðƻϡҪұϱ䶯۵ĺɫͼؽڴ˸š
ȻˡǱȴһ˷ܣȻؽڵѹܴĿǰʩչξͻ˵֤ҵ뷨
ðƻӦ˵ģˣܹκʽԾȷֵʽң
뵽Ǳֻеĳȣ֪˲䱬ֻ޲̽¼еѧģһ飬ͷո𣬾˲ϨˣóǱеһˮͷ¡
˿ʡ
ȴˣܳ˿յܣֻʣƷ˵ʲôȫµĹԼںη֪
뵽Ǳˣͺһꤵ˺Ȼ俴ɽ亣ζȥʱŷ֣һֻţܿܳԡ
ͷĲ֮ԽңǱҲվסˣһԲͣȭģˣǿ첽ܱȥҪﵽûˡ
һĿռܴ󣬴һſܺ󣬳Ǳλãһ̨ס
߼̨ףͨڶô
Ǳ̨֮󣬺ԥľʰϣһ̤ڵһϡ
ৣ
һӭ
ڳǱʱ̾ţⳤȻͻأױˣ㿴ִˣһɫֱִ֣
Ī·ôڴˣǱԴֻ棬ӡ̣͸ضһǴ
ǱУĪ·һᡣ

ǱеһǰһƬѪ⣬ܾʱתһƬģ


007 ˵ʹ

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ɫԲ԰ףҵشϢţЩݣجξһ㡣
˺һᣬ˲ȫָĴ
һСĿռ䣬Ϸĵ©һӦȫľ߹ŷ磬һСڲԶĵطϷһС¯Ƣ
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ԴΪǣʼļԺпʽд衢衢Ϥıɱˡ׷нˮߵסס⡢
Ƭ飬ߣһߴ飬ſŷܿԼһУ֮ǰɱ˵ĳǱ
ʱĳǱһԻ󣺡ҲôǽһУһģôȻ󡭡Ī·ûֿĪ·һնף
뵽·ܾӰȫһ飬˫ʶ°ȥҪ
֨

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ŮȻˣ˿Ǳºܱߵľɬظһ£ҪͨѹеĻһ㣬һһָųǱô£ľ㣬һѹͲǼңֱӰ㶪´ȥι㣡
Ȼˣ
Ǳв²⣬ʱŮӵ˵ȷɣǱ˾ŮӻʱӦһҴϡ
ѹⷿСֻǴŮϵźܵİ⴬Ӧͨ˼ңǲ֪ʻηģߵĺݣǶߵݡ
ǱͷЩǣܹȻֵϲֻҪǰŮӱʾл⣬Էݣ»ͼ󱨡
г𱨳ж
ֻǣδȳǱӵʩ񣬶ŮӾͺȻҡҡͷУһͷû֪ˣֱܿӰ㶪ȥһȱһ£ȻԴ˸ֱ棬ء
ͣأ
ǱûдӶԷĻлعԭһξŮӾһͻ
ôͻȻͳˣ
Ǳͷһݣ˲ս״̬һֻһ£

ذѣǱ˽һ֮ȥ
Ӧϧʵ˵㡣ŮӶԳǱĶ˿Ϊ⣬һ˫С͵̽
ֳͻȻţٶȣ֮Ǳĺ˻Ҫϼָ֣ţתۼֵǰ
ֻӰ綤ʤ
֣߳
ÿ죡
Ǳû˿ңʶԼú͵һͦˡ˫һŵأΪͣ糤ɣǹұһȭֱͦϮŮӡ
˷һǳɣ
ȭֱ
ƽ֮£Ǳ屾ܾͷһʽɱУ
ѹȣ
һĲ״ƤڳǱұֶһȭͻȭС
֣Ӧԣ
Ůӵİ۵һ˿㵡⡣
ϧ
δ䣬Ϯİ׽ֱۣ糤߰Ťˮ壬ȫΥ峣̬ͬһӰųǱȭ۲ȥ
֣䣡
һ֮͡ϴֱϴ
Ǳڱɫ
ѪѪתȻѪߣһʽУ̺ʵˣֱ۾㲻ϵҲҪˣ
ǧһ֮ʣǱзһƬԺһһ
Уݴ͵ĳǱһʽֱֻе;Ȼһ⣬ʵΪ飬γһУ
Ǳ屾ܵİռеı仯վʼ硢⡢ȭͷɨȻ֮յ£ܹǼٲİֱۡ
һʱ䣬ܷ·˲䰲־󾡽ȥֻ½ֵĶˡ
ǱϲޱãƺڻʲôŮһȣӣʶſ
Ҫ֪߻ȭɲͨ˻ȭͷ򵥣һȭһʽǾۣȫ˶Ľᾧһȭȫ֧ţ𶯣Բй̶·ʽ
ҸĶȲ˵ӿܷ䶯Ǻη䶯գصĺܾܿɣ˽ǣ
Ǳһȭʱ䶯ŮӵĲûнһȭɨ֮ٿٴֱͦ缫ǹµֱһ˵ȭͷ类ƶ㣬ֱŮӵļϡ
ž
ȭӣĲײ˦ʱĴ졣


008 Σ
ž
УŮӵļ򴦣ɴءһ鿪ɴϸС鲼¶˽׹⻬ļͷǱȭͷǴı㵯ɫһףһƺȴȥ
ȻѪߣŶֻ֮ⷴȻͣȴתӦֻѪһڲĳ̶ȣ
һˣǱͷ˵ףֻǼֻѪһʵɲ˫۾ͨķ̥ܹģ⴬С֮ڣռխͲǺ䶷
ڳǱ˺ͬʱŮӵѾתƣ˫ϼ䣬üһ˿ɷȴ嵭ֽ
ͽӣһ£Ů˫ֳ˦ϸβע⵽ĳǱͷһ֣

˲䣬˫˫ӿɡ衢͸˫ȣСȶϵĴ͡Դǣƴ
һ˦
ǱںһĨϸӰһǿҵļͷ¾͵ı

ǱµĵذѣľмɢȵĿУԺΪ˫ȵ̤䣬ͬһöڵХţʵʵװľǽģľǽеһƺߣǱѾǽ
⡭ʲôǷӣĿɿڴһ˿ݣãͼĸǱЪ֮
һ£СӼŤľһӳǱײǽ˽ȥͬʱһϸĵɫӰֱ
һɵ䵽ǽһߣʱĳǱΪײɣԵЩŲġ
㻨ΪֹˣΪһԵЩˣһǰȥ˫ֻӶ֮͡ڶͬʱ֮һϸĽͦţ˻˻졣
ʱŮĴһԴ
ƣҪƤˣջȥᡢƽһ̺֮棬øոջָƽĳǱһƮĸо
˵Ҳֵ֣ͻأǴģȴûþ۵ĳǱеʲôв⣬·͸óһ㡣
ΪơС죬˫ϽߣһίųǱȥ
ǱҲѭףһȥӳһذסϸӰӰһŮӣŰɫȹֽӣͷñɴ棬ò
Ůţǰ٣ʱǱǽҲΪ⣬ֱ𣬵Ļɴ󴫳
λӣ޼ɣ㲻Ҫϡ
ǱˣǰΪơҡҡͷİŮӵô˵ģұ˴ȣǶ£ںͲƹｻж𱨵ɣֻǲƹֺ֪Ҳš
˵ˣǱĲƽҪΪʲôжҵʽͿԺˣŪ˱ľĲõС䣬ʲôûĳͷݣ
Сʹ롢˹ôǴԼūţȻʣҳǱܶ㣬ȴūǱĻӦ֮Ȼ౨Ƕ𲻷֮ˣھһƽұˣΪҸߣɱҲѣҲĿ
㣡ƱǱһ˵ֱţ˼ˣ
ƣҪˡŮٴηȻǱʵƵӾȻʽ֮в·磬֪ʽͷȻֻʽȥ
Ļ˵ƷγѰס˰۵ļͷȻٴζԳǱŭĿӣ˵߳;䣬ߣҴĻ
ʽô߳˵ƷʽСŮӿ͹ӣֻǴӹߺϢδѪ֪εֵģŮƺ书һмأɻֱ˵˳
书ƷʽĲƷ֮⣬ɭϵСɶλƷ漰вٿءѪеģΪƷ
ƷռţٿѪǲ֣ƷǱϰȭλƷ
һ˵ǱҲ֮ǰԼһȭͷһˣղŽսвϸ˼˿̻һʽֱģ˸ģʽʹֱھȻȻǹ㷴չû뵽ȻһٻѪߣ
뵽֮ǰԺ·ͷ
ĪǣĲΣ
һˣǱŮӵѯʷŵһߣ⻷ʼϸ˼Σôʲô֣ƺǽ
ţǱľͱ۾һ˼ʶ
˺񣬱㡭Ƽ龰вԽңȴŮӴϣҡҡͷűĿϸ˼ĳǱ
ʱĳǱոջһ֡
ʶ
ʶ
ͷո𣬺ȻеԺһѣΣʶƺٵķɳ
ܾ任Ѹٿһ߲㱦ʶһ飬뵽С
һŵĿܳڳǱʶС
ǡ
ʶƮ䣬ǱоȣһβͬϴΣֻʶ뵽ڣһԹһƮڰա
ͻȻ
Ǳʶһܵļϡ
ţӣϴζһѵ˵
еĲ룬Ǳעеϣ˵Ҳ֣ʶڴ˵ʱ֮ľ˷档
ȭ¼ҽȻ󡭡֣
һϵ֣óǱоþòƽ˺һᣬžʶһͷ

ͷĳ֣ǱȻƾմ򿪣һ׹ƮɢۺϣѸһͳǱòͬģˡ
ģʾţͻȻ䣬һֻѸ̽
ټף
ֵͷţһֵ̽ģ˵˸š
߳ٶ̫ˣ˲䱬ﵽޣ̶ֳȣѾǼ򵥵Ʒˣ˵ûӦУֱϾ˲䱬Ƿ̥ͨﵽ۷״̬֫ȫͨҲ޷ܼΣ
ʶۿģ˵ʩչǱ̲ס⻰䵽ԵŮӶУ˶Ůע⡣


009 ǧ
һĻ
뷨ڳǱһʶڵģӦٶȣԽпͨ͸
ԭˣʽ֮߳˿죬˵ʶȥƶؽڡ󣬶Ǿ֮Ѹٴݣ硢⡢ָؽܵѹȺȻչڿա˦۶֮£ָָΪ㣬Ե棬ٶȺͲϣָ
ǱĿһǰµģÿ˵һ֣ɫͱ仯һΣʧȥѪɫǱòĸڼ
ֻǣмǾȻ֮٣ʽĿڷ֮ǰȷһ˾ڿյĶһ㣬ӣȴʧȥ鶯;ҪӴ󣬺ֱ۽ǣֳһʽ֮⣬Ӧöϣܲ˱еķɣ
˵ǱȻüë
ڶʽ䣬в⡢ڱ棬ֻܿʱֱ۵Ĺ˾޴ĸ޷룡һʽͬȱݣʽַΧ͹ֱ̫סһͻȻУ˲Ӧж㣬ױȥ
Ҫ˵ˣ
ǱΪͻȻ棬ڣȫֽѧһһʽǰĿ֮ʱһļûعʶԼںηͬʱ֪֮ǰЩʧˡ
ȻһĳǱеһ̸嶾ֶ԰ɣȻô˽ôҵһЩϰȱݶ˵˳ˣһϵɹļϸ
ۿŶİȫߵƣǱ̾һ׼ԽͣڴʱǰŮٴγĪҪλǷһ־ͽʽ˸ͨ͸ֻҪһԾˡ
԰գ˹ɴƮ
ھǱԶͣ²ӣ̧֣们䣬¶һźСۣ΢΢΢΢𣬰ڳһصļӣеӸոյĻƶԲ漰еžСŮӲţҪ̽һ
áǱԥصͷո棬Ҫһ֤ôд裿
Ǳ˸ɴĻӦǰŮҲеһ˿ȻŮд裬зζһʾӷ硣
ԷѾӦȻҲ飺СŮӵΪڹӣʩչһ֡ǧ֡ȴƷĿ֤ǷйĿȻ֮ܣֻȫȻСŮ⹦Լɡ
ˣˣǱҲܶԷеĻɣûһȭ
ȭʽһ
һʽͻһ塱֣ȫֱۣǰ
͵ȭͷֱͦͦĻǰİŮӣֱƸ֣Ȼ
ŮӲܣ̧΢΢ڶ˳ǱȭͷȻƺһɨ
ž
һ죬ǱӾȻһɨƫһԣŮӵ˳һתۼڳǱǰش΢΢һģջء
һй󣬶˶ͣ˶Ǳ۾Ϣо֣֣̾ƾ̷κδϢ֮ʵƾһƷ澢ҵļϹĶ۵ľȭɢ䣬
˵ϾȻ¶һ˿ϲ⣬ŰŮӵ˫ɢ˿˿ʣþʣ֮
䣬¾ȭһһȭ
·
ŮһӭУɵڳǱ΢΢һ㣬ȭʧ׼ͷȻ󻹴һֱǱţ䲻ĳǱһһ
У
һߵͻȻǿȴʮ㣬ڳǱʧȥƽ⣬ڱȶпνˣЧҲԣȷɨ֮£ֺХ
ŮӼ״Ȼ䣬һ̽ȷʵ΢΢䶯䵽˳Ǳ£ƱΪצһץ

ǱԼİӺȻһ飬߳ȥȽӲӴԷ°ھҲԴ
ŮӼ״ˣ˵ͬʱڳǱĲسһ£һ̽˳ǱϵС
Ǳ˳ƱۣʼʶУʶڵģ˽ǧ֡
ǧʩչʱģϷϢǳĶ࣬ڣ֮ȭ߳Ҫ࣡
Ǳϸֳһɾݣֻ³ĻȴԱߵĲƾȲѣĿɴסİŮҲ˫΢΢ץ¶Щ⡣
ǧǧǧǧ仯һһʽĹ̶·
һϸ΢ľٿأӦԵ޾ʽ⾢Ĳٿ֪ǾֵҲڣ˽ﵽָƵĵزһһָؼǣȫ
ǧӦԣѸٷԺˡ֮ǧȻƷ⹦Ʒ
һ£ƵСѾ֪ĳŮҲǴԭأ˼Ϣųһ˵ͷƺҪ˵ʲô
ʱĿĳǱһƺߣɫ˲԰ף˺Ȼҡҡ׹
ףƷֳǱ״̳ѯʣѵƷˣѽĽ˵͸ȴû˵ķΡ
˿̣ԭʶۿģȭĳǱȻел㱡ƣͣһְҹĸоģƵĻﻹͷһ
δķΣôܣҵʱܵĺķνˣô˼
ͷδ£Ȼһζ


010 ųѶ
غӸۡ
۲ƽﶼһЩªƽͻ
գһڸ˼ҵĴͣڸۿڱϣϸĴ¶ĹϢںӴעĿ
խˮǱҴҵҡ
ʱۿڵľϣһӻ˹
һ£ͷɢңϱһ˫۾ϸ͸¶Ŀ⣬һģΧĴ׷׶һԡ
˶˷⣬ֱҸոտĴš
Σ
ڻΡ
Ծ
˺һԾڽߣһɶľ룬ֱֱ䵽˴ϡ
̤
ʱ˫̤ڴϡ

˵£̤壬Ҵҵһ󣡻ڻζŵĴͻأֹͣ˻ζƽ
ܣԶԶۿһĻ˾ȵĵ˿书֮ˣо˺Ȼ
ӷ·ֻ˼΢֮°㣬һ򴬲ա
⴬ϣղ£ǾĲ֡
߽֮ʱǱڵϣźڲѪҲûѧϰʲôɷԲϢֻԴƽ
̫ƣˣ·ǰҹҹδܺһ㣬ƣ뵽һʱܻȥľأ֫ЩеΪƣ½˾Եĵ͵㡣
ɼʹո߽ĻӣĿ䵽Ǳϵʱ򣬺߻ʵеԼһľҴʹͷһǿҵľף
Ŀˣ
ǣ
̵ģǱУ߽Ϊ˴ŵĲ²⡣
ΪһﵽѪߵĲΣΪߣƾ豾Ӱǿ֮ϵҲǡֻܱй
ֻǿ˳ǱһۣջĿ⣬ȻһԵİŮӹ񣺡ѾˣǡСĴҲˣ£Ϳʽȥˡ˵䣬䣬ĿֱܻӰŮӡ
Ůӵͷˡ
£ĻƺڵȴʲôŮתͷһ۳Ǳֽ֮ǰ˵һ顣
üͷɢһɭ֮⣬ΧĿӰЩŮ˵ǱԷ̥ΪӲѡʱüͷϵĺ֮ɢһЩ
ȵǱżбȻ֮ʱѾŮȷ֮󣬻ӵüͷչֱתųǱȥ
һֱվھǱԲԶĲƣƺǱӵվ
´һ³ǱȻ˵ɫ԰ףŲʵȻߣݣмȻı죬ķѵҲܾˡ
ֻǿǱۣȻ˳Ǳ״̬һ˵óǱͷһ
СıҲǸˣȻϰ֮ˣҲͲȦˣҼСͱС㣬ǶΪ΢ȻΪܳɾͷǷʱǱ֮ʱ˵ʱ򣬱鵭
Ǳصͷ豨
ӼˣȥҵȴԶ·鷳㲻մȾ
ãǱȻɫԲ԰ףŲȣԺԥıȭŻ˺ŮӸһ񣺡λպǱҲ౨
Ϸһͣ⣬ҼС䡭˵ŻͷŮȥ
СŮΪ顣Ů΢΢ס
ǲģôͽһһغǶ֪Ƶģһ֮أʲôɾͣע⵽ͶĿ֮纮֪ҽ˲ƣˡ
òƻ£˵ͷԳǱԭﶼѾ𣬵»װƷЩΪ̲Ϳȥ
ǱҲ飬ͷ뿪˷䡣
˵˵óǱгɾͲﵭȻǲûıϣϣһ֮ȥĸоǱ֪ԼĽֱһ;ˣҪߴѹ黹ֲ
޴˽ܵ飬ǡսң츳߲֪ʱĳǱովһǿ׷̥ͨ
ϰȲΪҲΪ£Ҫȭϱ书һʷ׳ʣһҲ֪ߵʲôزо˷
л뷨һƴĴ£ǱӴ£ͷҲصȥʱѾһոµĻɫﴧһСӺһ䵶Ŀμ䣬ǱѾϳǺδ
صسǣ
һһأǱѾ֮תһȦ
ڵľ״̬ʵڲãȻжǣǾϵƣ͸ǿҡ
Ӧþʶģˣйĺ֢ˣһʧҪǵõϢȻпܻ
ǱǰΪƣͺͳϢɵȻʮϰ䣬ǿ׳ǴʱƣȷʵԴھϵģһұˣʱҪϵĸо
ʱ䲻̫΢ָ֮󣬾ҪץأҪ֪һԵļҺпܻʲôٶ
뿪󣬳Ǳ˼·ˣ֪뿪ɵʽѾȥ죬ʱԷܶ顣
ɰĪɲܵǽ֪Ƿ֮գвʺտƽ
ţǱسڵһҿջҪ¥Ϣ;һ¥ļžʱ˽̸Ļע⡣
˵οʽڼ䷢һиŵӱɱˡ
ɲǣ˵ȥˣǺݳڵһ˼ҵĹӸ磬Ҳ֪ǵ·úߵĸҲǿͽΪ˴ΪŭĴǨŭ˵ǰѾطݳǣ˵ҪȥѰˣҪ˵ûץҲûʲôۼѰӵĳ𣿡
Ҳжţ˵Ǻļңһǽ壬ƫƫܵЭأһаԵҪⷢˣ֪ùļҡ
ҵеϢ⵹ù˼ƺǸھֵġ

һ仰ǱĶУʱͷһ


011 ʶ
ջڡ
Ǳڴߣһͷתš
û뵽ļ϶ķɽȻغݳˣһ¥˵̸ۣĿܾҳ¼ھ֣
뵽⣬ǱϾȻûбֳʲô֮ɫ
ķɽ֤ݣⷢӣӦ޷أǼȻʲô޼µģͻѹȶǣ
ھ񼫶ƣżˣĻһ𣬴Ҵһ·Уǻûطˡ
ҳ¼ھ־ĿԮֻܿԼֻͻſɵþȣһЩ׼ռ鱨˼ӦԷҲ̫࣬հǰ˺⻹ûԼȾʧ˵飬ʵܼ򵥣ܽȫܣƣ
£һס
뵽Ǳ̧Լǰأһϸ˿ڡ
ʱ˲˵ʱ˿û˼ķΣһе֣º飬Ȼ˿Զû֮ǰأֻƤᴩอδԺ͵ʱܵ˲ͬʱ䣬ķαԵĴ˾ȻȬܲκ˼󡭡
Ǳ˼ţȴûиеɣΪֱӸʶºѾһŵĲ²⡣
ϵ׹ֻʣһӣȴ֪ȥˣҪǡһߵţǱ̧Լͷһָϸۡ
ղվʱۣģϿһ޶ϵǰ֮£Ϸĳ£ǿźӺܿܺҸ׵ķֱϵмӣ㲽˺󳾣ԵʻľȻƿҲ˲ŻָֻƤ˺ۼ
飬Ե˵ϺûҴʱҲȥ̽һ£Ҳ˺ܶ࡭
ȣ粢֮ǰ˽򵥣ƺųȻЩӳе֪һЩ񻰴˵ҲǿѨ磻
ΣǸṩһᣡ
Ǳ¶һɼ㡣
֣̥ߵ֮࣬׳˶ǿһж࣬ҪƾޣѪڡ̤ͣѪνǧѡһԵ츳СǾأ
֮ǰڴϣ˲겻ʮ꣬൱ȴ̤ѪŮӱȻʤΪȻĿжϣҲ̫󣬿ɼʲоֹӦҲŷǷıϣҲ֪١
ҵΪĿ꣬ꡣܽģ˵ĹϳԡκƷնᾫ׼Ķ࣬ҸǶеõ⹦ڶʱҵʵϲĻ
Ǳ˵ţϴһ󣬾Ȼֱɵڴϣ۾˯ľ񱾾ƣһ£񡢼ɣܿ硣
ʶ³
ǱʶٴλظվһŵС
ʶһ㡣
Ǳ˿Լ˫֣¶һ˿ȻȻˣİ߳˯֮ʱھͻԼ壬侳һ㣬Ȼʵ壬ȴĸо
Զԣʱϸ˼ϸĬʶ֮Ҳܸܵʶֻǵʶ룬æ򣬶ҪķѴ񡢾һĳٽ㣬ͻƣ
ţǱŲƶĿ
ӦǴʶе磬Ȼˣͽʶռɡ
䣬ǱѾߵһϣĸӣִó
ֲƪ
ǧֲƪ
עŲƪӦΪֻʽֺͲǧֵʵսͬʱɼʶռӦܹͨһЩ׼ʶ𹦷ȣۡ
Ǳţˡֲƪ
ৣ
һâֶ£һģˡ
֣ȭݡֵͼ꿪ʼ䶯óǱһһ𡢽ա
ۿģ˵һһֹˮļ¼ģ˵һһԼӦֵ仯
һᣬǱٴοڣ߳һʽܹ΢Ϊ漰Ѫ޷⣬Ҳֻе̤Ѫ֮󣬲еľ
УһһӡȻܹһԾ۲ܶྫϸ΢Ķ᲻
£Ǳȴһ䣬ģģ˰ڳһӣ˲ޱȣֱ£ࡢڡ

ȫļ΢΢Աһ׵Ϊģȫ΢ļ䶯ţȻվıֱȴ¶һĳǹĸоԾԾԡ
糤ǹһǰ
ݣڣзѹƤĤ㶼΢΢ֱڻž˵ıͨ

ǱһֱֻۺĴֱ̽
һ˲䣬֮죬˳˶̬ӾĲ׽һӰӳǱ˦ߣ֮£ѹȵġžž죡
꣡
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ˡ
˵ţǱ֣ʱſſš
Ȼʵ壬űʹǱԼ֣̾˿ֵ״̬ҹǲˡţ
Ǳź֮ʣľһԭŵָͷ΢һ£Ťģʼ仯
һϢ֮ϵʹȫʧòҲָԭظԭ̬
Ǳսȭͷ¶ϲɫ
⣡⣡ʶռ䣬ǸҾϲΪĴˣȻȬҲԣﲢʵǴҵʶУֻʹǲֺ
һϲͬСɡ
֪ڷ̥֫ҪϺ壬ҪսޣУܡԶˡȻڷգһ⣬ǿ£˺ѱҲǳ£Ǳ߳ʽûþԼˡ
ԣҪؼҪʦҪҩţؼҪ㣬ʦָ飬ҩǿ׳ȱһɡ
һ˵еĹҪ츳ԣһָģһ߱ҲҪϽϰߣҵķ
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012 壿
꣡꣡꣡
һĹ𣬾ʹ֮µĳǱʼڵϷҵʹʧȥʶ
һҪͦסھֵϦֻƴȻź
ãһҰ׵Ĵӵֱ۶ֳȻŤ
ҰףܿʧָɽķɫֱҲָ
Ǳһ
ǧֹȻˣӦõʵսȴҪ˽֣仯;ת
ºתͷԶģˣʩչʽ漰˶нǶȵϢƾۿ޷˽ģҲѧᣬʶڵʶռȴ棬ܹģʽϸֵķʽչֳ͸ЩϤݣͰѧϰϸ΢
ˣ򲻱ؿˣȫ졢ֱ̡ӵķʽиҲСѭ򽥽ԲƺУȻֵƣֱȫʺͳϰߣʱھһ¹
ֻǣΪԵԭģʽһ֫Σ򣬴ؾұ޴ˣʽֻ֣ѧһʽ߳Ѫľ䣬ģҲ޴ģ⡣
뵽Ǳͷ˿Լ˫֡
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ļ϶ķɽΪͽӽͨ۷塣
ļҼȻѶھ֣ͻ⣬ϣǶ㣬ӭս
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ϰǿ۷ȻˣǿͬҼѧ˹ǿսǿߣܣջ񣬸п֮ǰ߲ε
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013 ھ
峿䣬չ͸롣
ϣԭ˯ϢĳǱӴǲû˫ۣϢ֮󣬷
ˬ棬˯ߡȫָ֮ı֡
УǱһͦӴԾɵ䵽ذϡ
֮ǰѵʱƾոеʶռ䣬йݣǳʱһͼѷ֮Σǣ˯ʱ˺뵽ʶ֮ڣе棬ô˵ʶռ䣬Ѻ˯źܴĲͬ
Ǳ˵ţĿɨһԵӣȻٿسţ̧ɵһ

һϵ̵̨ڿնųǱ˹
Ǳһֻ֣ѵˮ㣬ֱϮ̨ǣ󷭶



䶯һᶯ֮£ЩȻôƮƮԭ·أ䵽ϣ㵹ɢ䡣
Ǳ˿Լ֣ϲɫ
Ȼһ˿ŤϽŤЩɬȷȷʵʵǧҪ죡ϣʶ䲻ϰʶȴϤ˹ʶѧᣬʵʩչͺǻһ㣬ˮɡ
ϲţһֳɾ͸Уǧֵ˾ʮƼ򵥣漰ķȴ⸴ӣУ˾ھȥѧϰһ֮£ҲҪ²գģ˵Ľݷ֮£ǱʹϰѻϤ
ʶռ䣬ʶʹȴ鹹һδεܣֻΪǱжļ֣ԼμŽΣ
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ƾ֤ķɽЦݲ䣬ƺжԲߣƾ֤ʦܱˣѳǱгҵʣȻܹ֤Լ˵
ȴһ㶣Ȼɫ΢˵ʦǰȥԺμʽδҲͻʱǰȻˮʯ

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ΧϾ㵵ı飬ķɽ΢΢⣬ǱȻزΪʦĪ·ѾǱɱ
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ھΪ⳥ɣܵ޼۵ģʵ⳥Ӧ΢΢ƽϢŭ𡣡
ķɽ³һ仰ϵıԵúƵġ
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Ȼļҡ


014 
һԿΪΣͶƣΥɱң
ķɽ˵ţһ
ҲὫ޹ǣǰĹˣгģǳ¼ҳǱȴǳ¼ھ֣Ҳڳλʧȥơ
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ھֵֵռصķ䳡ʦ
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ųۻĻͷͣھֵߣḻʦһھֵĸھʦɣԡ
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ļھָճܶ࣬һ̲¼ھ֣ӭж⣬Ҳ˳µִ²ҵ
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״æʦ޹أ԰գæһǽߣٴת֮ʱǶŻѾߡ
ŻЦţӣֻһ˳սˣĳҲˣһԼ䣬һ£
ֱۺֱܴ֣ϴ΢Ȼǹ
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015 
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ӰǽѸ£ת䵽˶Ż͹ߣһ̽ڶŻ׳ֱϵ˼¡
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ɣӱһߴĺ˼룬ɰƹƵ֡
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ˣˡ
ķɽϵǣǱԼҡҡͷ˵˻ۣӻҪƷհǰ˺󣬺ܼ򵥵鱻һѡ
˵ţǱָָԼ㲻˵ҹ塢ô㿴ҿһ˵ӣУ׫Ϊšıƺֱӵ㣬˾ᣬʲôǰ;
ķɽɫЩѿ˵ǱɱԼ֣ܵܵƾ֤ȻлɣΪ˽ⷢӣοʦĪ·ĵ˵Ѿش֣ɣͻȻֵĳǱȷʵû˵ĺۼ
Ҫ˵֮󣬲Ҫ˵ϻֱ䷽ˣɴ࣬
Ǳ˵ţе˶ŻԣĿŶŻеƤңȷʵеúӣоֹһ˿ǣָʹ߹
˵ʲôŻŭڣȴûǰͻ䣬ķɽûȻš
ǱΪЦЦתֱɫ粻ķɽﻢ£еıȫϣȻŭǳԭ޳Ҳ϶ĴԹޣˡٲ¾֣һԽǸ飬Ҹһˣͷ䡢䶨ӮҲң
㡭һ£ķɽһԥ
û뵽֮ǰֻĳǱһ֣䣬Ȼ˺Լĸαװһаڵ̨ϡ
һֱûһΪ˴ֶΰ
ŭĸԷۣʳķɽͷ
ֻǣôɴͬ˱䶨ӮỊ̄šҵСĵ㣬˵
ҲӦþʹߣ㣿ֻǽȷʵѵãϼһﷴӦӿɾͲܶˣ
ԥ䣬Ȼ䵽һɫ԰׵Ĺϣķɽ⡣


016 ¸
ǱͻȻ֣ǳ¼ھԶ˳ս͵ϮΧŻȻΥ壬ҴдƽϣҪĳɶԶˡ
ķɽ⻰һ˵ΧΧը˹䲻Ҵ޳ܡ֮ɲڶ
ǿķɽʵ޳Ż͵Ϯ޸֮һͬˣķɽȴ۵ߵڰף͵Ϯñӿ۵˳Ǳͷϡ
ԴˣķɽţⷬͲ˵ΧģΪ
ȴڿ֮ٳȨȦеȦ￴еĲֶΡ·һɱ˷ŻҲٷơ
֪εЭѵΣķɽָ͸׺˵ץסһԾŵġ
¹񱻶Ż͵ϮˣѾʧȥսķɽ飬óǱһԶ
Σ
ķɽЦЦؿųǱһصģоȨֻصԼϣս벻ս̫ʧ
Ļ£һװ󺺴߳ϸһȺܴ
˾ֱߵ˶ŻԣһЦһģȻתףųǱ
ȡ׷
Ǳ΢΢ǰԶĶˣ۷ֹâ
ˣһ׳һߣվһֱųǱ翴ŴǱһֵѹȸС
Ǳηضš
ļھֽ͵ҳ¼ھΪ߷⣬ھʦͶļңһȴû·ҪôҪô뿪ݡ
ԶݣҲзա޼ҡңҴҵ󣬵ļҶˣӻҷ𣬾ʿӳȥļҲӦǱļնݳˣν
ļ²أЭķɽɻģ綾ڲ࣬ʱܱҧһڣΨΨŵŵֱӴӮˣΪӮƣ
˼ţǱĿһƲ䵽ŵ֮ϡ
벻صޡҸޣڶʱٴΪǰĲƷ
һˣǱһᣬǰַѹȸҲʧķɽЦҽ顣
ʦܣĪ嶯
ǱҪ£
ĸϺʦֹͬʱ
ǱǼϢΪŻ׷ͨߣһϣ϶׶༪١
һȻڳǱ¶㡱ǶжţȻӦķɽ飬һе˼顣
ˣ
ǱһֱڶϢôŻ׷ͨߣ
Լȫھ֣Ͼļҵ¡
ʦ֣صģмƽϡۣǱͷҲصذοˣĿƬ̲ǰˡ
ޱдûǩ״ĹأվǿʼˣɲðԸղŶŻŸҳ͵Ϯ
Ż˫ʹƷ⹦ɰƣ֫СѾͨ
׷˫ȿ켱Ʒ⹦׷Ӱݳǣ֫ͨ
ͬΪͨ㣬ֻ˫۾ͨ£˸Ʒ⹦зȣǾܿ
˽˫Ⱦͨƶ٣Ҫ࣬ǶŻǾͨ¸Ƴ׳д˲
ٶȣҶûƣڶǶͬ˲һˣõΧ֮ͻҵƣؼʱ𣬲ϣҪսپڶԷûӦҵʽǰº֣
붨ԲߣǱ˼ɽȥֻǰ֡
ʱŻǱ޶ȻЦôţղŵʮ㣬ԭأүүˡ
¸񣡡
Żû˵꣬Ǳһȣŵأʸǰֱȥ
һһ̤ڵϣɳʯϵĵ΢΢𶯣Ǳѳ嵽˶Ż׷ǰ
֪ŻһЦֶ̧ӭĳǱһƣ
Ƽ㣬ϱ鲼ۼҪڳǱϣ
ǱƲ˫磬һһڶŻֱϡ
ŻһȻǱĳٶȳϣһЦãһ
ȴǳǱĹûһ˿ֻ΢΢谭˶Żչֻ΢΢գƽ谭
ǶŻڳǱ˫ҲͲٵǣֻע⣬ģǱظҪ
һԵ׷ʱҲͦϣһɨżϮǱ
תۼ䣬ƽֱָҪǱм䣬缤УǱȻ޿ɱܣ
ˣ
Χ˶ʱ
Ǳ
ʦܣ
ͷ
ھ˴ʧɫ
󣬱Сķɽ¶Ц
ڹս֮˿Ǳڽˡ
еĶŻ׷ҲΪЦݹڶϡ
ͬʱУ޳ܣǱɫ䣬⣡
ǧ֣
һǱ˫͵¾
˫ָڶŻֱѵˮ
˲䣬Żɫһ䣬еԼֱͻȻʧȥ˿ƣ
б
ŻֱۺȻһᣬǸǱϴ˳һתһԣ
ȥͣƷɨǱգȻǼѪν֮գ
ǱȴܲʣһΪˣͬʱ˫ƻس˳һڣڿҪߵԼĽżϡ
һǱƺһһֻٿ̽
϶ţô£
ͬʱһԴ
ȴǳȺɨ׷кʱһգı䶯ͶŻϽǱһȾйصɱУû뵽ԵĶŻȻͻȻת
ת֮ϴ־ȻֱͦͦĶ׷ĶǸĴ
׷ǾδͨСƴʵˡ

ͬʱŻҲɫ䣬ƣκȥ̫̫ͻȻʽϣܷ£ջӡ׷¸ϡ

׷ɫ԰ףһѪ˳źȻ۽һ
ΪͻȻеԼ߳һű˷
ⷽ÷ǳͻأŤ֮£ڽŤ䶯
ˣ
Ƶߴ֮𣬶Żʹ


017 ׵ӽ쵶ӳ

ֵܳˣȻֹ
ϡһھʦɴ۾
ķɽԼʹӣϵЦסˡ
ķߣɼھֿյϡ
˽սڴˡ
Ǳɫ԰ףź֮ƣ΢΢ţ׷ɨһϣȵĽż⣬ڶŻĿϣ
Żͬɫ԰ףͣеĲҺո£Ѫ˳ʳ𾪺֮ɫĿͣһԵ׷ϡ
׷ɫһƬҰףǾҵضţ߹Ѫһ˫۾ɵͭ壬ضԼ¸ڣһȴεӡ档
ˣ˴֮֫Ӵһʱ·𹹳һֹĻ档
浱ȻǾֹġ
ǻˣΪ⣬ЩӦˡ
ֻѶƵĳǱȴС
ν⣿
⣡
УΡһѪνһ˼ȫעڼľ԰գһһʽûȥѾ˴ŵĹƣʹ
Ż׷ʽշͱǣ໥ȴʮֺδݵķ̥ߴδڵ
ǧֵǣһʱ֮໥˺
ǱĿţ̨Խ
һһ̺ŵľ໥˺׷Сûоܴͨᣬֻսһʱ˶ֹͣпܼԷԣԣͣЪ
ǱԼģٶȣҲڶԷĲ˽⣬Լʽɡ
ڶ̶̼ʱѾﵽ˫۾ͨĳ̶ȣƫڼɵľȱѧ
˼·жȻԥǱĽ̤Ϊ
𱻾Щۣǰͦ壡
ڶ⣬ϣһ鼡šӵţۼһȭϡ
ֱ
һȭֱͦͦŶŻŶȥ
˵죬Ǳ뷨˿ǣŻȭŹ֮󣬲һϢʱ䣬־ȭ
õ
һȣŻɴ˫ĿܻûолָĿ֮Ҳʹɱܵ˷
ɰ϶꣬׹Ϊ˱ܣԳǱϮһȭֱֻܵؾ˷Ӧ
ӡ׷¸ϵһһͦųǱǰȥǲܵӭϮȭͷȥȻӲӲĴ򷨣
һһ£ֱȡǱҪ
ɰƣλƷϣҩˮɰһ˫ƶͬ˽ǵͬʱӴ˷Ѫľ磬֮һڵͨȭ˵ǿϼֵġ
ԣͬ˫۾ͨȭƣǱһĺɰӲӲˣԿľ
һб仯ǱͶŻһĻǣһܷ䣬գۼ䣬ǱȭͷҪͶŻײˣŻһֻҲҪײϳǱؿڡ
ǱظûоͨһУϼعǶõ
һߣ׷ھشûع
Ƿ̥ߵı䡪
ȭӣһһʽеʧҪսٻغϣһŲʤУ
䲻ݷ֮ʣǱͬʱһ䡪
ȥȭڼ䲻ݷ֮ʣȻ仯һתֱۣϮƴ
Żѵɴ۾ٿſ
һУǳǱʶģ˵ȭ仯
ˣ絶ֱܱܿӶײΧƷ磬ɽǱ˸ϡãһѪۡ
ǿеתۣ˵۽ǣǱɫϼӰףѹ˲Щȭ͵ſڶŻֱ۷һץһһק

ŻȻȹ̣ûʧȥģͦȭֱ֮ʱôק֮£Ƴٴʧȥ׼ͷƷֵģȻ׷ԵЩȵţ
һ棬ǱҲûţڶŻһƽҪӡԼǰʱ̽׷߳ȵĹؽڴ͵˼£
֣߳
գ
׷ȺǴһ㣬һһһ̧ϥСȵ˳Ǳǰ
ô
ͻȻ仯£׷γѣδӦžſ죬ҽ
꣡
Żƽʵʵӡ׷СϣĶУƾ͸ϽǣײĳǱǱƺһѪʡ
׷ĲҽȻֹͣ
ⲻ׷סȶϹľʹΪŻڻĵϣ˲䣬׷۶ڱǱƸǣƱԵѪһƬģ
챻ƸǣȻ
ô
ھһǷԹսķɽУһŵɫһǽսеĶŻ
ֻǣŻľмһ˿֮̿⡪
ǱĶûͣ¡
ؿڱԾನ򵽣อ𵴣Ǳ֪Լƣû˿ԥļȡŹơ
Ʋָֺ̽ͷԥǰһ壡
һ壬Ǳ۾ҵһȫµѪⶼ΢΢һ£Ȼ
߳
ٶȽϣǱʳָָ谭Ĳ˶Ż˫֮У
˲ϵƤãֽƣ
ࣣ
·ƵǱָûŻѣѪըѣ
ͣǱָֻ΢۶

ҽɽԳ䣬̶߸еһĵ׵ëȻ
˽˲Ϣ䣬Թս˵Ǹոս֡һٲŶ˾Ⱥҽ
ʹУŻҲ˲һգȻ˦ǰĳǱȥŶŻķʹ࣬Ʋϣںڣ
һȳζ͵ġ͡˫д
Ǳɫձ䣬һΣ˻΢΢Ťָմ˺Һ塣
һ
ֱϮ˫ƣǱûΪԷӿѡˣһһ׷˶Ż˫ƣͬʱ̽䣬ȵסĶ̵
꣡
̵֣ӳȴնĿյֻƣһбôǰ׷ı׵
Ȼһ飡
׵ӽ쵶ӳ
ѪĶ̵һת׷ļϻƤ䣬ǱҰ׵Ϲž޲׷ĲҽУԶԶ˿
Ӱ˵ͬʱǱұǰһ˦
ৣ
һ̵շɳֱѾ״ĶŻȥ
ۣ
˫ĿʧĶŻȻ޴ӶкݺݵĴ̽ͷ
Ѫš


018 ̣
ŻԼĲӣȻء
׷ţڵϷΧĵϣѪ̲
ĳԶĳǱĵվӡ
ҵشϢţѪʣ΢΢ߣ·һ㣬ֵʳֳָָܴ
ܣš
˿ǱĿ⣬û˶¶͸һɹɾȡšη֮⣬ǵıϣҹˣӲĵȥ
ˣ뵽𾪶͵״̬С
ֱϣĵγѣظ˼ʱԭļžܣը˹
üһһգ۵Ĺ򣬾ͷֳʤˣ
ҰŻ׷ƽ޼ɣһĴԹޣڵӣʾȻʼˡ
¼ھֺÿ֣ղǼ£ϺһûȮѾˣӲģ󱳻ģŶï}ˣ
ɲǣСû䣬϶ǵͨΪԣɻŻ׷ͷܿѪĴˣ
ԹԲˣƽջ˱ͳͷǳ¶㣬˼Ϊֻǲмţͷһˣ¼ھֺˡ

ǽءϺ⣬Ȼ˽˽ʱգֻǾóǱڼͷŵ˶֣ǿ϶ΪԶʤڶˣټϳȭżѪĽ̼Χһ˷ĪǱĿжһ˿η
ڣѾȵ˵һʦɫ죬еϲɫһɵģҲеһɫĿڳǱͲԶķɽ˵ɨ
ǱȻ˵Ӯɡ
˼Ϣƽ˼ٵĺǻţǰصˣ˫۽ǵ⣬ԶķɽС
ʱĳǱϣڶʱشΪ߹ԼĶ֣ķ˴֫ˣƵңļ
ˣǿûзſסëףϢڱڣάȫľΪľǷֹµĶ˻ˣһ棬ǽ䱸ķɽһķɽ߳ŭ֮ܿ¡
ķɽɫѿ֮ɫȻŨŭǷŭ˿ûԼŭ⣬׳˶󺺸纮
֪ӿʼϢ̶ʱڣνĿϾӣΪһʧ֮£ȴ˱仯Ż׷Ȼشزˡ
ԴˣΪһоյķɽеһֳ衢ԼŭŭĶ˶Ż׷ԳǱ
úúãû뵽ҲۣղǼ£ʮ㣬ͨΪһһʽʩչҲǡʱӦǳϰǰܶʱȴֵϢһ㣬ĻǰԻ֮ͽ
ķɽĻֳŨŨĲʣɫ࣬һ΢΢һֽճȭһס佣ԽҲͰˣ־˴д裬Ȼ˺˵ԵмӺ޴֮ˣ޳
⼸仰ķɽ˵ϼ䣬ǱȻеһɺȻ
ķɽݼ˫ǰҲӰ֮ýӰҲ˵ǶŻ֮ǰ͵Ϯʦ֣޸֮ҲŹ޳ܣ˭ܱȵù˵ƽ壬ŻΪңȻԶһкεԣ
ָ𣬳Ǳɫ䣬䱸¶Ż׷ĶԽԽСвֻʣ¿ܱѵķɽˡ
ſ´ʵķɽһϤзͷǱе˺ǰеһЩơ
һˣǱЦĶ˵ЩǺ˼ĪҪƷ
ķɽһ͡
ǱȶԷԣͼĪҪЩҳǱǳʶд衢ҶŻ׷ʽͣȫԸµµľԼʤѷ֣֮ǰ˵ǲǸöֳŵˣ
ķɽüͷֻеǰǱֱǺεô˵㻰ֻǡ
ãĹӿԿ˵ǸúĹŵܿͻϴǱĳ˶ԷȻȻӣķɽ˹ȥ
֮ͽ˻ķɽ֮ɫʢԷ͸¶ĺȴͷһǱϿҲԽ䱸
Ǳֱߵķɽԡλ̵ߣָָеĲƷЦǷԽעˣ
⻰һ˵ʱһƬ֮
񣬶óǱΪʤЩˡ
ֻķɽĽڣŻܣɨˣԷ߷ǴңҪǻڶʳˣļҿ϶ưոݣ
ʵˣܱסھ־㹻ˣǳǱȴļζŹھֵģô
ңһΪľŲƷܹŹ
ķɽҲûϵǱö֮Ҫʱеһģ鲻ԽǱ㲻Ҫ̫ˣ
ûķɽǱûԼıõıܡɱ¼ھûܰƻ֣Ϊ۸Լ
񣬶ԷҪעǾ̫ˣ
Ǳҡҡͷ˵ôĹҪʳԣ
Ҫҡķɽɫһ䣬ЦҲΪã֪ССھܹܵ˵ģҴĶ֮£ݳ˾֪νƥﻳˣǡ
ĶӲģСмƽϡǱ˵ţõֺ̽ͷһ
߳
ĳ֣ǳԤϣڵǱõʱߵķɽûüӦ
˲ŵĿУǱſ죬Բͨͨһ¡


019 
׽
ʵѣ֭ڣȵϢɢǻ
·һ͵Ļȼգº͡Լܸееȡ
ʡ
УǱеһŻ˳ʳ£ʺؿů
ʧڸеԼˣ֫ٺУ˿˿ȸУֻĿǰΪ޷ӣ޴ӵ֪ڵľ仯
ңҲǾ仯ĺʱ
ڳǱߣһ˫絶Ŀ⣬ֱ
˷ɼڳǱϣߵһĿɿڴǱǱٴγϵľٶˡ
Ҹղź˻ӣҿͷһڽȥˡ
Ҳ˻þ
Ҳǡ
ĶԻ˷ϣԼʦҲʶĲ˲۾Լһ㡣
ȻȵģķɽΪһˣһԭأмʶɨһķɽע⵽ϵľ㵺ͷŭһߵģ
󵨿ͽ
Ѱ·
̿ˡɻ
ֻķɽûпټ֮ǰǱһжսԾܿǱЩҲûĶ֡
к˫ǱΪھͬʱҲ⡣
治һȥ̾˷Ӧ֮ǰĵظɿëҲһսӣ
΢΢˫ۣǰķɽ
ķɽ˺Ƥ˵ֻܴʦ˫ףɱΧˣһ븹Ȼ׬ˣǻӳģ𣡲һ;Ȱķɽնɱ
Խ룬ǱԽ뷨ȻЩ
Ӧķɽͷһֱ޶סĸоԭ뱩ŭҵͷ֡
תͷ˿ԶѺϢĶŻ׷ķɽЦһͷԳǱͷ﷭ȻƿС䣬ռ˱ˣִҵļƻ
ٿЦݣһЦת絶˫ϡھϻɨҪ⣬ձǳ¼ھһׯδ룬޸ܣҲգΪ֮ɣߣ
԰գ˦Ʈ䣬תھִȥ
ķɽ˺ɵĽϣûκ֮ɫһ˺ƺƵĴھִ
ֱǵıӰʧ⣬Ⱥ˶û̱ڵصĶŻ׷һۣ·Ѳڡ
ֻǲܣǱȴܲܣžԼʦ塢壬鷳һﶪȥϵѪϴһ¡
ǱһƺŶˣɫһ䣬Ծнػصͷ֮䣬ܿŻ˵ĿлЩη壬ȴ˿ҵ󣬴Ҵǰ̧ˣȥֻлһЩֹ
üһŻѾӲˣͷƽ￴û뵽
֪Ӧ˷ںδ͵ļݣҶ˿ˡ
ڶ˻û߳ţǱٴδ͵ҽǰ£öܣѲǲģȥɡ
ǣ
Զ˵ıӰǱõһѳųܻڷ·תСûȫΧһ֣Ҳ˵ǹͿ֮˭ܸܳ
ѲСǰ겻ӣ׷׻񣬸ɢȥ˵ȻСɶڳ¼ھڵ˵鲢ûн
Χ˵뿪ھһʱ
һʦ죬еıֳңеɫֻǿǱĿղͬˡ
ԴˣǱû˿ᣬףʲôԼܹġ
ЩʦмңиǣޱھվһΣʱΪƾΨǸ˼룬ǡ
뵽⣬ԽԵȸУǱӣȥ
е;һɫϺ͹ǰҪͳǱ̸߰ڰ֣ʦ֣ݺ̸Ҫȶڵҩ
䣬ӿ첽뷿ڣǳˡ
һ棬¼ھֲԶһֵϡ
ķɽһɳۣ;˾÷׷㡣
˺һᣬһ˲ķɽ١
үδģҪǴүУүټϳǱ治֡ԭ̵ӼƳʵ
ķɽɫߣģүжƣǳ¼ھֲʶ̧٣Ǳɣðңͬȡеɽԭƻǰˣȥ̴ӣ¼ھ֡
ǣ˱ȭ
һ˵ӰԶ롣
ݳǣ·ȻֻмʱϿմ
С
û뵽΢ؽ磬ֵ١

߿ϣУֻһ˴Сľ޵񻺻š
ϣһӡ


020 ɽ
ãһ˿ȡ֮
޵ϵĶ˴ƣſİɫֱգ˿һƬɼҾ
һ˾һװƣȴвСȿ֮ˣ겻ڣһʮͷӣ󿪿֮ˣͷںڣݿȥΪΪһꡣ
ѧ֮Ѫ٣ʵòҪࡣ
ʱΪ΢΢һЦʦ壬·ˣѪûﵽ֮ªޱȣ״Ұˣкοȡ֮
ʦҡҡͷʲ٣Ѫ۷岻ôȱľһɴȭ⣬ⲻ⣬ղ׼·ǰǣͻƿһٽ쾳
ʦ塣ЦЦһź͸߰ӦѪζ۷һˣҵʡԵضͻƣ˵쾳ؾҲ̤룬·꼴տȭⴿ⣬ɱϾ²ֲʦվһƽӹ·˶
㰡ʦЦţȻҲգʦҲֻ˵㻯һǶһˣ˵ģƾšݵ־ͷǳ֮
ʦֶ䣬·ݳָ֮ƣ֮ǰھ޵Ϲãֻ޵չ᰿裬زỊ̇˾ȻܿͲǳ˿С
˵ʱʦ岻ǰƽôɼʲôӦ뵽ʲôĳʵ
ԵôĪ뷨
ȻӦݵֻпһɣ⿪ǰܴ˥΢˳ŵĺʱ
Ŵԣ̾˿ɫԹȴֻпһڴˣ㲻ô
ţʦôһ˵
΢ԴɵһЩԭĿ¿ԽӴģҷ㾭˼ɡ
ǡӦüͷ
ûпǡ˻㲻ҿڴʲôôΧɣսʧأҷϪͻϮһսǳңҺΪ൱֮ˣΪΧһͽתսǧ
ʲôʦ֣һתսǧӦɫ䣬ºˣտǰˣ
̾˵³Ҳգξ㿴սɡ
սӦɵĪǣ
ҴеĿĵأǵǧ׷յ㡣˵ţ˻һתˣڵϢĲ࣬·ɡ䣬з
ԭŵֻ޵չ𶯣ǰɣʸ㼲塣
ХӦ챻һᡣ
һֻ޵ϵһ죬Ĺâڶ𣬿ɢתۼΧһ޴Ĺְ㣬䡣
ʱ䣬ŰĿ类⣬ٲͻУ϶˵½Ƕˡ
ֻ޵ٵźϷȥʧԶ
ɽ
λںϷ΢΢ƫλá
ɽɽϴܲڱ鲼ޣҲҽ̫
ɽֱߣһľͷΧ£կС
կݣڿ
һ뺷ЦţΧһӣڳ⣬Ⱦơ
Ⱥżªе˸ɴͳ϶˺ۡ
̵ģεķлկһˣ
ɲǣǼ׻СҲɫҪúˬˬ
ٺ٣
ЦУһװȻͬӺĿ첽룬ɫ£ͷһС΢ɫһ׳Կ첽߹ֱһ
ϣֻˣΪһͷҷŰӣϼᣬĿģһӶͷ쵽°͵ĵ̡
⵶ע⵽жĻӣЦ׾ʦã˱˵Žϵһ
Ҵյ˺ļҵķɸ봫飬ϱµİ׾ʦ˵ţóһֽ
Ŷ
һѽֽһۺЦɱ˺ĻƣȺαǮñɱ˷Żȴƫƫװĺ޹ϵ
ϲɱǣļһãҲƽϣ䣬˽ϵľϣƻĽУٱ۴󺰣ǣҳҺȣҵȥ
𡫡
һʱ䣬ڰӦУߡ
ɽڷȺ鼤֮ʱԶ֮ĺݳУ¼ھֵľڣǱ۾ڰ׷ھâһ
ʱſסëףϢɢ䤱Һаơ
ǲƷ׹ǣҲоЧãԼа̶ͣƹˣͶ۶ϵ˫ָѾȬѵҲָĲˡ
Ǳ̧ۡ
ҩɢ֫ٺÿʱÿ̶ɢΪϧӦӦá
ţӻȡһСӡ
ϵļ΢΢ģȴܱϡ

գ;Ȼ˵ҩ
ţǱӷ


021 ҩģ

ҳڰľԵøԡ
ǱţǰСӣĺܿ죬һĿʮУеӳһַüͷ
ӺܱҳΪֽʣΪƤƣԿɷˮԼ߰ҳСд
ܿ죬һҳǱϲӣ˫ۣ˼
һᣬ۾
ѹ֮ǰ˵ɷһЩʲϳ˵ˣڶʱڽ٣Ѹٵھ
̥ͨҪ־ھ
ھͬƽķڶⷢģʱĳǱھֻھֻ˫ۡ
ͨһȭһŷɳΪھν֮
ƽǽƤ⣬ȻڣڣѪ⣬Ĥ֮ڽڴھһϰֱԺкθֱӶ࣡ͬȻ١
ʽ⣬ڣ°빦֮䲻øһǰ˳áλۣޱȡǹʣѰ߶ɷſļأǳǱ游Լʱ಻⴫ڣԷй¶
ֻϧǱһұѧɷĸ׳ַ񲣬ڳǱ޴ѧ
ļڿеӦòķ̷ǽݣܵõⱾӡ
뵽ЩǱеҲû̫Ĺ˼ɣɷв죬΢΢ϰѷֻ֣Ҫܵõ̫⡣
ղͨƪȻʲôɷҪգҪָ㡢絥ƾ±롣ͺǰѧһ㣬ûϸָƾƾʽƵҪ츳Ҫķ̫ྫʱ䣬Ŀǰȱģʱ䡣
ĶγƿܵŲ϶Ǳòᣬıܿܽҵʱ䲻ˡ
ţ۾ʼĬʶ
ܿ죬Ϥľ³֣ʶȴǳǱѵ£ʶʶ
ʱʶɳ̫ʱ䣬һʱޣֻ᲻ãҪ١Ȼˡһ飬ֱģ⡣
ǱϴѼºƣ뵽˾͸֧ľأǰ֮ڴˣȻ̡
ţ
ģĿĳǱһüëһ
ôϻһǡɰơüһֻǺͶŻ˼غϣȻͶһƷ
оϲǱĬȻƬ̡
ԭˣûоϰʽַֻͬǲƪʶףҲУеľǲƪɷûһġ
ϧ׷ǰֻһţͱش׷Ӱƪûܵõ
΢΢п˼䣬ǱͽעӡɰơƿǵʶĿڡ
ڵĹؼģ˽ɷˡ
ͷһתʶռڣͳǱģһ޶ģ˾۹ɣʼɷš
ɲͬ£ƾϰҪڿƺٶȡƵʺͷȵͬʱ֫嶯ԣͣС
Ǳʶеģȭ˶ǱʶһϸĦ
ȭеģϣţɷݣһЩֵǱܹ͸ģ˵ļ棬ڲһЩϢ仯͸һ㡣
ǡҩľֻԼֵ
ģϵݷǳϸֻҪǳǱеϢͻȷעЩ͸һϢ仯źֱ۵ҩ
ˣˣû뵽ģ˲ܽ׼ȷֵڵҩԾֻҩǷԾȷݣüһҩÿʱÿ̶ڻӷ䲻࣬ʵʵϧˡ
ǱôţȴǽԼʶڵעɢˣ˫ۡ
ʱʶʶֻܹۿģˣԣʱ䲻ܳ͸֧
˵ţվ
Ϊ֮ƣץʱ˯̬֮ʶɷǧμģʵʩչҩʱɢ̲ݻҪɷȶ
Ǳ˿̶ۣʱڣ˵ۺѻȬ
׻˵˽һ죬ҩԷɢ£ƾȻһʱͽҪȬǰǲġ
Ȼ˼飬޾ʣһûʱȥ̽²£ʽѧϰɷǰЩ飬ҪǰúãֻǸĸѡ
ţǱƿ˾Ҵţ漴ϵӳһֱȴھſڡ
δѯʣǱͿ˵ڴˣǽھֱʦǲɢ˰ɡ


022 ˹
ھֱʦǲɢ
һ㶣ɫ仯
ڷҵɣıЩӲȻԳǱĻͬʵҵҪһ£ķɽ棬ɱˣǱ䣬ϪϽļٸϵǳһ·֮ˣºǮƣǰȥ񡭡
ôࡣǱڰ֣龰ҲˣҲɱˣ˾ɱңǲľңǶǶࡣ˵˽첻һ£ֱֻӷϵҲӡ
ǲԸȥǸˣǾһ󡣡ɫ࣬ʵڲУȥݱҶһɣϾǳӵܣүүȵġ
һһԻҡ
ԴӳǱ׳ھּ֧ţӪ꣬ͻȻȫȻԽܡ
ϧ㲻֪ļҰģͶھ֣Ҳûã⣬Ҳˣʱļֻ׼ĸӳ֣϶ע飬ٴη
ипţۿȰϣǱҲͲȦӣڵƲͬļҺʱϮھĿ̫󣬺ױѹҲھ֣һб䣬˲áУ¶ŨΣС
üͷɻѺ⣬֣˵ɢھ֣һ΢Ƶ£ھˣΣҲܶ༸ġ
Ǳҡҡͷ˶δ˼죬ǻ֮¾ӣķɽƣվһԵģֻдʦһˡ
һ仰䣬ۼϻԥǱҲΣϾ³ͻȻ˭Ҳ޷Լ飬ҵС£˵žͷš
еãǲǵɷ֮ǿнĸ״ߣھ֡
Ǳ˼ţڷյĸףˣ䲻ᣬڶһҲɷŷţҲ̫գЩҪٽܿΪһ̨ףʱҲη塣
ǱⷬʵΪ߲٣ҲѾ֣Ͼ֮ǰǱһ֮սͨߡ
ɼΪٿ죬ʱļһвģ֮ô˵Ϊ˿֮ġ
¾ҪȥˣҪһ죬ɲ˽һЩʳ͵ڣʳţ⡣⣬ʲô飬Ҳǵõһʱ֪ͨҡ
ۼɳüչǱֻתƻ⣬ⱾҲļƻ֮һɼȭڵⶼҪ˶ĴҪѪʳ
õġϵͷӦ
ţǱһֱŵһ£гô飬Ϊβ׵Ӱ
Ǳ֮仼з財еЩ粨Χȥδͷβû¶棬Ȼ֢ΪѴѪڲ㣬棬ķɽٻ˼ɡ
һ⼸죬㸸׵ķ֢жתżз纮ӲˬԴϢ
Ǳһ΢΢˫ۣ˵ͷת˾ҡ
ߣǱչϾҷţǱߣһ󼱴ٵĽŲʹ˹
һɫĹ˹кʦˣʦֿѪˣȥɡ
֮³Ǳȴ룬ûпѹ⻰Ǳ˸ţɫԽƽһ̶źˮ
񲣬ѪߣѪ໥䣬ǿ׳ô纮䵽ԴϢĳ̶ȣ
֮ǰʦָķɽԼ׵龰ǱȻˣһŭ𽥽ڣȴֱǿаȥ
ڻʱ򣬽ļֻ࣬Ǿڷ̥Ȼ飬´ο¾ͻиΪǰǸã־壬ҲǶ֣ʵṳ̂ѪǰֻͣҪģʵ
뵽⣬Ǳһ뽫еŭ𡢲ʶ³ȥһ㡣
һ꣬ظƽҲߺޣֱϥ£˫ۣʼոտǱɲӡ
ɷͬȭţ֮ǰδӴټϻҪҩҪգҲҪʱ䣬֪ļҺֻǺʱʹҲ˲Щˣʵڲоɣֻһ̤·Ǻʱ侲ϰѧˡ
ţŵĳǱϢԽȻ磬˯
ڳǱ˯ȥʱݳǱԹͺǿۼլһ˸ٵرš
գ
㼱٣·֮˷׷ױãɫ̿֡
ģһǰͣΪ֮˵
룬ԼʮŽۣһȥ
ʱҲȻ󿪣һЦķɽļٵĴӭ񣬿еӭ塣
үˣҾļһūͣʹгɣҲүӭΪ֮˿˵ţּȴʵʵڵķɽһ
ˣļҼĿеʹӡļݵˣı


023 вҽ
ϻǼūıԼһΪķɽû˿֮ɫЦ棬ͬıһͬլš
լɽˮ̨ͤһƬľϡܿϷˮϡ
԰Сϣ˵ߣһʹӣ߼䣬ķɽıڲסĽ̸
˴ιƸʤջСɡ
ıͷүǰȥݼЭв飬Эµͺͷʦүһһĺ֣ūҵöָ㣬粦죬ֵЭҩֻҪĲ򣬲¾ȹ̵һͻڲ㡢Ҳǲܣүĺ꣬ūҪչˡ
Ѫ㣬ڡζıȻѪһڲΪ
ˣҪϲˣܵý㣬ļұȻʵӴ˰ӣɳļʯ
ı˰֣үˣļūְ˵۶үǴү츳ΪԶūͻƣˡ
ķɽɫ˱䣬ȥЦǫ飬ɽֻ̣ܽǴͶ嶼פɽ겻ɽǳ£ƽԼҲģؼʱ̻Ҫš
ıԲɫǲѹ˵үū˴ιһҪ䣬Ϊү֮£ǰجĴүʹ粻Ǵµǰѻط
⻰ķɽһ٣Ҳѹ壬֮бʹһ̽£ҲЩͷֻҪЩʱա
ıҡҡͷЦү˲˵үƽΪԲ˵үŭ˸ԣҵȴ̫ͻȻֻǶү㴫ѡɵ̫࣬ҽջʱڳЩԷǶү˴ū˼Գְүɨƽ¼ھ֣үɰ̽Ѱ֡
ķɽɫЩ̫Ȼʶһı֣¼ھֵĻҵͺԼ޹ˣݳڵھҵҲ޴ȾָˣһΪ˼£ǿЦͱģаţڱн
ıԵͷã⣬үʱԸūūԵү֮ǡ԰գȻķɽԼԺȥɫ粻ķɽԭ
龰ķɽĸưο䣬ķɽȴֹס˶Էϼһٻˣᣬؼڳ¼ھ֣Ⱥ˶¼ھ֣
ǡĸæЩˣǺţƾǹӺݾҲܵ¼СӱʱȻĺҾͲţܱ˻ݣ

ļıһ¼ʱϳ¼ھֵľڣǱ˯ţʶУһĲҽëȻ
ʶռ䣬ʶһ㡣
֮ڣһڵϷϾҲţڳżʹ
˺һᣬ˷ֹͣ˷ӵϲ̧ͷ԰ס
ǳǱ
ʶռ䣬ʶ֮УʱǱɶʶ룬˯ʱγ壬䣬ʵʹС
վֱӣǱתͷһվŵģˣһ
ɷȻ˿ȣɢײอֱӾʹǰùβףʱʹû뵽ɴɵʹҪ֮ǿʮʮ
ˣɴľʹ̵ļ䡣
Ǳٴγʱʹıܿɴ֫ӦҲһλû˿ƫͬϰǧٴΰ㣬һһһһ¶ɭϷȣʦְָһ
һϣǱͣ¶
ˣϼصɷţţһǲ룬ϳ»⣬Ԫջۣǿ׳ڸ
ǱţȴҡҡͷԼʱޡ
ңʱҲֻʶռڣģ˷ֵģ⣬㲻ɡ
ɳϼŸõѡ񣬾Ǳ鲼ȫĲƷҩ
سԾҶԪ۹ʵʳΪƷ۵Ԫˣʲޱ仯
ֻɷɢȫҩɢ㡢תΪѪӪ糯ɰ㣬ڶ⣬ϣ𲽾ͨȫƽͨ۷壡
ˣǱͬģ˼ʱֵԽйݡԪΪҩɳԭ룬ܶطҪ޸ģָı򣬲еķʸҲζţ벻ղǰɴҵʹ࣡
üͷ΢΢𣬳Ǳǰģ˴ݹֵͼΣһû˿ԥͶ뵽˷ųС
һ̣Ĳҽٴһ㷴ص
ĸʱ֮
¼ھ֣ҡ
Ǳ˫ۣ˫͸֮ɫӵվ
ˣģһ·Ҫģʵʩչˡ
ţǱһЩѪ֫ȻʼһһͿһ޶
֫һǰ㲥һֱͦ˼׵Ϻëըë׷ա
һһ¶һأѪ𶯣仯䣬˫۾ڽڹᴩ˫ƶʱһϢʼȫۼ
أǱһҩȻܹ̲ѪЧ֮ѪʳҪǿԷʱ䶼ʡˣУһɷĵϲ֮Ȼ
Ǳ˾˯ʶݷţ˾ݽȭɣȻȴʱ䣬ȫѧ֮Уһ㾢ݵ谭谭𽥱ƣ
ʱȽȽתۼ䣬ҹѹ


024 ǻ·
žҽյķţʢ
Ǳձ⾲ڣѹȥҹһ磬һ糿
ڼ䣬ǱһΣԼҲ룬ɲԭǳǱ⼸ڵδ롢ˮδմ
ǼʱǰźͶӽ̸ԷͳȥǱˡ
ˣھ˽ʣҲλŮӸеЩᣬϵɫڸǡ
ھһǧɣҲЩ⣬ھܵĽֵ϶˲ٵƦĴ£·ԵС̯뿪ھǰտյģһֱͥ۸ܡ
ֻǱ˵ھ֣Ȼ뿪ˡ˼ȥûӦԷЩĻ䡣
ʱԺͥһȺش
ǺˣΪԺǽ֮Ϲӣ
ǹ˳ȥʱԵһǽϣӰƶҪǽϷǽ⡣
λǽϣתԾǽ£˫һɣֲṦݣۼѲˡ
ʱ
֨ѽ
ľſһӰһӰɢ΢磡
Ͼ֮£ǰȥټһӰ֮㣬ֱ̣߳ٶ֮켸ϵɷʱٶȡ
Ѫߡ

ӰŲ̤ʯϣŹʯѣһ죬ת۳嵽ԡ
أһڿնһǰ̤ǽϡ
ŵţϥֱͦ
Ȼǽֱתۼ̤ǽ𣬵˸ǽǽأֻ͵̽
˿̣߷ڿ䡣
˻ûӦǵѱץסһһקһգ

У߶پת߷죬Ӽ䣬Ż͵һ𣬾ʹӺ󱳱ɢȫһʱֻоȫɢܣ»ģһѪ
ԣǱɿ˫֣վֱӣעŽ¶ˡ
һԣվĿɿڴĹĿ͵ؿųǱڸղţֻǸе߷綯޽Ǵ䣬ǰһǱץ˴£˱ڵϡ
ʦܣÿٶȣղšأ˵ţʶתͷųǱ·ȥһһ΢ݵĽŲκۼȻӡʯʵϣۼѺۡ
һ֮£զࣺҵιԹԣʦҪ󣬲ڱʱʯºۼ
ʯ岻ͬʯ˹ӹԽṹɢһЩˣҲһƾܶʱӡģҪķ̫ˡ
ǱԼʦ΢΢һЦûлش𣬶ǵͷѾ΢΢ָѵĿʵ˵ɣǺģΪοӣ
ҲԼ֮˵Ӱоȸ
˿ӣ겻ʮôô
ۣоֻǶڳǱѯʣȴͬʱһһǿ򶨵֪Ҷɽ³ȷ棡ͽˣ罫Ƿˡ
ɽ
Ǳ΢΢۾οԿʼŵϣֻǾйϢ
ɽѧ֣࣬Ҳһͳ˧ƽԳƽϧδչ׳˾ͶҲϹ˳˱ӴҲѣʧ۳ɳ
ϵǰļҵĳͻԼԶ޼ҡңǱıԽϾִͷĸоǿѹоѸٽϵһ
û뵽ļ춼ϵȣȻξϣΪܿתڿʱҴ
ʱһԵĹӾлָɲĿ˿Ǳ˫ȣ̽ʵʦܣĪھ˫ˣ
ھ˫Ⱥ󣬾ͿԺܿ콫ͨ˫ȡ
ǰͨ㣬һʼ˫۾ͨ࣬ſھ˫ȣֱҲûȫͨʣԼѾͨ˫ˣȫʱӦҲǱ̤صĳ̶ȣɻ
ǱͷӦţȷѾͨ˫ȣԪ棬շԴʱ֪Լʦɻʲôղ½Աܼ˵ǰƣ˾Ч
䣬Ǳֵͷűˣղˤʱʹ˸ɾش˵ͬʱҲͨǾᣬֱڶûָжֻԹԵк
콫Ҷ˷ſһƳǣȮ
ѾΣ֮ڶᵽƬ̾ͻὫΪƽأ
ĻһϵɫһƬɷס
Ǳȴҡҡͷипһץסụ̂ȲĽ鱨ϣȻҵ鱨ԱҲ϶Ҽھֱɣ޿֣˵޽ɡ뵽⣬ڵһ˿ŭ˱˲ϵĸо
ѹͷŭ𣬳ǱԵ˵˼ɽλѴǰˣ
Ȼʶķǣȫʬ
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԰գ̧˽ż⣬ٵĵ˶ͷ֮ϡ
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ǵģ;Ͽ·;ǱǺãǲ׼ЩϵɫһƬ԰ףЩʧݡ
㲻ؾţмƽϡǱڰ֣һԵĹʦ֣Щˣеĳǹóһƥϡ
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ǱҡҡͷԴкӣɱԽ˵϶߽ԲȡҪԼġ
˵ţӣԺȥеʦ֣ʦҿɲֻǾͨ֫Ǿͨ֫ɣȫڽڹͨͨ۷֮



025 ˼Ľ
˼飡˼飡˼飡
ظͬһʡ
Լʦǰ˵ʦȴհףֻʣĸ֡
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˫Ⱦͨǣƶ̤зԾԵߣ
ͨţڼǿ͵ͬʱһ̶ȵǿھܷĸࡢ־á
ھܶ෢˱Ͼǻ̫һսգգٴͶһս˽ǡ࣬²
֮ǰǱɱʱ֮ƾżνӴ˶Ż׷һΪǧ֡־һÿγ֣˫۾ھ
ڱȶʱ̣ܶԳǱھδƽļޣû̫ƣͣǳ־սôȻȶŻƣͣʱʤͻת
ǱޣҩƽϢھƣҲҩһٻֱϣΪνһǧֱͨ۷塣
һͨȫֻʣΪͷ­δͨɳΪͨ۷塣
ȭ֫ţԿɱ˾һȭһţһһĪ档
ֻ˵򵥣Ҫһѣ֮Ժܴɡ
ӳͨһֱͨ۷壬ɷָʦָҪʱ䣬ûһ꣬롣
ԭ򣬱Ԫ
ɡȻǵھǿƤอЩҪʦؼҲƾԪԪӺ

ر鲼ԪԪֿɽһ죬ëѨԪΪӶ࣬ò
ͨͨʳҩȡԪʳһţΪǿʢѪʳеԪ
ԣĵرļֵŻôΪĵرԪͨţ۵ԪΪһĵر۵ľһ١һǧһ򣡡
ЩϢǳǱСʱѧʱүү鷿ģЩ书¼ֻǼμܵùۿ
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ʶǣؾۼǱԽһ谭ƣһٳɾͨ۷壡
˵ʵǱЩʵУϾȴʵʵڵģʶڵǧٴʹҲȴ
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027 磬
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һǹϴ֮Ĵ˻վŵֻʣˣУҲЩơ
ɶ񣡾ȻҵʧأһҪץסˡԼΪصĴһµսֻʣ¶ױŭˡ
ڴʱ˫΢΢һȻ̧ͷ絶ĿϷͶȥ
ǵĺˣ֪мˣȻֹʼʩĪΪգͳܵġ˴󲻳ɣܣҪŵˣ
ıԹУնϿΪ˸߳ܶ࣬ȻϷһӰ׹
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ʱ浶ĳǱѵͬʱ̽һʽֱѣֻ֮߳סյָ֣⣬սֱۣһ٣

ײ𣬳Ǳеסһѳסٵ
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·ΪһУÿԳǱϮǶֵҪ˼ͬ顣
۳Ǳоݣһ̶ݿսһ·УѪ･ĽѪȾ죬˵ͬʱҲ˺֮ľ롣
ۼǱ쳣˿˼Χ˵ƫƫתѸ١׷ŭʵʣС޳ܣҶ־ֱ
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һŸ߸߹Ȼһ𣺡룡ϢϢǣУг߸¶ϣ͸۵ִ߶ŵкϷµݺݵײһ

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ҩȫ汬ɰƣ
бţǱʹ󡢱˫ƣһǰһ󣬽ʵʵӡĿҪұ߼ϣ


029 һ·Ŀ
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һƣһʼ˾ٱ۷Ҳ΢΢ָʶ˱ϾûԷĳ̶ȣųǱһҩעӡϺٴλججھɢ
ʮһƣ
徢ơ
ʮƣ
ǰ
ʮƣ
ؿڰݡ
ʮƣ
ǽ
ʮƣ
͸壬´˫أ
ˣˣˣ
ƵײͣǱһһ̤˫ĶһƿһƣвѪ˫أһƽһƵĻİ벽գϺˡ
Ǳϵʺɫٴͷ˿˿ڣͷĺҺɡ
ԶԭΧǱɽڣһĻ׷ͣ½Ų¶ɫ
ڣ
ϻƵĳǱһͣڡ͡ڣشݺײѰȥǰϡ
˱շɳײұϡ
Ǳһصĳһס͵ǰһݡ
꣡
壬ֱĸؿϡ
˽Ϣʱ䣬ԭã³ɣ֮ԵģȴŵƤ⿪ʼɳ˴ұϻ䣬ڵءұڣ̧ͷǱ
Ǳڵͷ
ɰơѪסֲ壬ȴֱܷ棬δ뵽ɰƵȻѪƣڴˣӢĩ·
δ˵꣬Ǳʹ
ʲôӢۣӯĵ˰ˡǱҡҡͷɰƣֻǻԵɺϣܹʩչˣҲգֱ·ɡ
䣬Ǳյһ
ѪȪӿӴ˼ֻ˫ĿԲɣĿ
ɿǱһǰˣֵóԸĸо
п˳оһʵ˵Ҳ
һʼһ֮ɱһ·Ǳסץ䡢ɱˣȵ䣬絶赸쳣ŻĴսȫʧ
֮ǰ׷ǺηѪ߶Թ
κһڣν֮գһŲ
ˤǱֱ̤߱Ӵ
Ĳ
񣬳ǱȴӲͦˣ
֮ǰھвģڳ䶨ǰ֣ǱգһְῪͷʯĸоҲȻ泩
ͨ͸µľҲ໥Ӧ纣ˮǳǣȫĵЩҩҲʼ»Ծ
֮ǰȫע񼤵սʱͷ­ľʼȫ
ȫͷ­
һֻ̩ͨĸоӳǱĵױ
̲ס׳Х


030 ѪѪ
Х಻
ХУǱĻ²ϴžĹǽѪ·£һһļ˷ţʱһϸ͹ӿŵĴ
ǱϣԭѾѪɫȴڳХתָ糣ͷϣżû
˷·ھĳɱ䡣
Ͽ·խ߽ұڣԳǱĳХлصתۣԵøڵĽ˲ԶĽʮֶС
ȻһƬңǱĿǿźˮޡ
ûҪǰƴλǰƴҪˣԶǱͬԸͣԭأһȿֺȴΪƼ̤
Щ˽Ͽȣǰ󲻹һյʱ䣬ȴӦӲϾٻףͬ鵹ʮˣΪ׵ĴգҲȫû֡
ֻһˣ
ЩֱֲܷͨǱΪߵͣڷǰʵȴ
Ǳһ˻ĴգԿУͱѪ
󽫾Ƕ֣ȥÿ
뿪󽫾ҵ޹ܱܿ꼰㡣
˻ûлعӣ
˺ȴҴȴʱס
Ǳ쳤ХѪ죬ͱɺȾ͸ս˿ɢңмײϢϴɢ
һȺΪ౼ҳһʱ಻ĳХȻֹ
ž
һëȻĹӳǱϴĸͷͻȻܸԿ¶˽Ųӡ
̨ϸΪ࣬ʶ飬쳣Ϊ֮˸Ҫͨ˳Ȼԭ˳ȻָǾתĻ֫Ĵ£ͷ­Ȼץסһͻɾ;ͨȫ
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ԭڿԴʱУ񾭹һսͱһ㴰ֽ
´ˮڣ룬Ӻ˺ܶ࣬ĳ谭Ĥһ㡣
ϵı仯Ǳһƣ಻ֻ³
ڣɹӣһһ֮ʱθ볤ХʱµϣγĳֹƤĤǽڿ𶯣һȫͨһĸоԽ
ģȻܵѪҺɣԼʶĩ뵽ѪܡѪҺС
ѪҺʣ鲼ȫͶ㣬б䶯
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ɴ˿ɼ侢Ҫ֪֮ǰǱʹ߳ɲƾճɴ죬ٶȲ㡣
νͨ
ʱĳǱͨ
һһȵͨȫڽڹᴩƤĤڵ⾢һɣһֳȭӽŵһ·ֱۣȭ档
һȭһţȫ֮
ֻֻͨޣʩչѪļûͻƷ̥Ѫص㣬ǡȻûʩչѪܹʩչġ
˵ţһһȭ
ȭ;Ȼһһз˿˿͡
Ѫ
ѪΪѪܡѪ⣬ƤѪѹȥΪӴı
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ϢϢͨкϢγɹ𶯹ĤѹѪĥѪɷѪȭţѹȣѪһڲֶΣ
Ѫ
ûǰֱӲٿ٣ֻͨкɵֶΣԹʽԵӵ֮ʱΪ˵Ѫ
ΪﵽںڣҪ̻ˣſ赭дķѪ
Щ㲻ܣڽ϶Ҳἰ
ѪһڴǳǰĽ׶Ρû֪Ҳòˣһɱһ֪Ҳͨȭһ
ջ˼Ǳ˫֣˫ѲѪ
ֻ֣ҲٺۣڵĹҲˡ
Щԭ򣬳˸߿׹ͼս⣬ǿҩ¡
Ʒҩ
ǱδȫþǴ˿̣һս󣬾ͨȫ̤Ѫһ㣬ҩ
νɱܹɹЩҩû
ҩսʱĳǱԶ̥ʱʩչɰƣشҩ£Ʊ֮ڲҲѷɫ˽ѪӿЧ
ٶðգʵȴǳǱʶģκƶۺϴ򷨣Ϊƺ֣䣬γ߻ʹ
ֱвһһʱ˱ܣӴ˲ˣ޿ˡ
Ǳһתͷһԡ
˵ƾһ֮ƽϢͷʣµľǡ
ųǱĿɨǶʱɫ䣬һɥ֮ǵء
Уɥ
ǱĿ׷ױãһ˸֮ӡ
ʱһ˺ԽڶųǱȭ񣬵ӣԸر¼


031 ž룬󶯿
аϣ
Ǳǰ꣬ЩȻ
ǡŴֲѣȥȳǱϼ꣬ҲЩçϢ
ҪͶңǱ΢΢۾۷͸¶âѯʣûԷƵġ
ôһ򵥵㲻ϵı仯ʱİһľʱܱĸо
ֻԶԶڶ֣Ҳĸеһ磬һԵЩӲʼעųǱκα仯
ʵⲻƽ̬飬Ǳʬ壬Ϻܱ߲ɺѪ罵ޣκα鶼Ե
ֻο־壬ϼѾվ˳ֻӲͷƤѻ˵ꡢ˵塣
ͷǵģСڹı
ŶǱ˵ȤжԣȻ󵹸꣬±ͬŭô˵óȻͶϣ֪Ҫʲô𣿡˵ţӣڶ˹ȥ
һʱǾʯˮ
һԵøӻңҲɫһףǿ촽Զ£ǡǡǣ֪뽫ͨͨɱ
ǱһȻҡҡͷҲɱ֮ˡ
ʵ˵ɱΪֵħɱԣȺڶ࣬һĸϾɱ֮ͬ飬Ǳ̤ѪֻĶӣνȭʦѪĳǱơ
˵ȺȺףһҲЩԵȹ˵˻գ¼ھ֡
ңǱкĵ˲ɽˣļң
ΣֻʱֻҪļڣպ϶вΣӦԣǱ޼ƻֻһһ
ֻǣǱ뷨Ȼţһ־ɱ˵¡
ǰϻ֣¶ŵɫȻǶԳǱ֮Աǣ粻ڣʱͻ˳
˵ı飬ǱǰϣʵҪͶ֪ѱΪ
Ϊѧ䣡Ϲ¹Ƕ֣ȻΪܻΪģҰϸ湫ӣֻϰһаʽ
Ǳÿɷϲɫ򻺻ƽϢ֮ǰսɵľҡ
ۼǱûлӦһҧ˵Ҳǿֶ֮ǰᵽر׳ԣʵҸɽկıʿ֪֣֮֮꣬ƺţΪϰʽǷĵΪ
Ǳüͷ
ע⵽İѹԼĻڴ󣺡ʵϣ׵ֻʽžʽΪ뵶ʣֻϰǰʽˣԭڡ
˵⣬˶٣ˣ׵Ʒ⹦ֻǰѪƶʽҪϣ繫ҪҿüҸ״˫ַϡ
ƷǱɫձ䣬Ҫ֪Ǳһֱ֮ƴֻ߳ƷһУ򵥵һУɴ˿ɼƷѧ
֮ǰ龰ŵ̺ƣǱ
ʵϣǱʼնûӲӲαУԷޡˣǱ˫Ҳ˫˫ѣǰã漰ľǾüɡ
İϿǱɱֳĬЩȻͶɽկԭ֮»侮ʯΪҸͷӰȻ뿪ɽկ֮飬֮˵ɡ
һˣϾӳ룬е⣬ҸһֱļϵҲԼļҵǸ˽⡭
ǱϣŶ㽫˽ϸ˵
һϲ֪ڴ˳ǱǽԼ֪ļϢһһʮĸ˳Ǳ˿ҲûҪΪ΢ᣬļҲ顣
̸߽Ǳ·ۼǱǱ˵һַڷ׷ˣ˳ϿԶԶȥԴ˳Ǳ⡣
˺һᣬͣ»ͷǱü˼ţƺʲôԾ
أǱٴγѯʣ˵ļҡͬļݵĴ󲿷֣ͬļҼǰߵݣµεЭȥˣΪ֮ˣǸո۷ı
ˡ
ıΪѪһڵĲΣǱ׷ʵ
ǵģıͣפѽꡣ
£ǱѯʣֻüͷļңռȻǰδزʼʩ
ȭͷȵľԼδɢҩһͷʼԽңһա
ѪЩɽ⣬֪ǧշһʧ硭ٿأǱһоϡ
һԣϿǱƺѽԼ̽Եʵӣ֪ǷھǰȥɽկҸϵףһͬھ֣
Ǳؿһۣڰֵæǣƥһغݡ
ɽկȺף䡣ϼ
ҪңǱЦ
ҡд󾪣æܵһǣȥˡ
һзܶڴˣȻմٴ
Ǳһѵڵŵ˲һһ̹лмҪӣǱԲᣬϣϿһڳȥϽ
ڿ쵽ʱǱͣפ
һѩӰվڳڱϡ
°ۣͷī˿ƮһѳǸüĿӢӡ
ӵؿ˳Ǳһۣ¡
ղŵֶΣлԵܳһħͷ˵ʸ


032 罣
Ǳ۾ǰӡ
ӿȥһ书ģֽ֣𪡢Բ󡢾Ө񣬺Ǳıһ㡣
ֻǳǱȴһв书һĳ̶ȣҪ˵ƤǷϻͯпܡ
ȻǱڶԷĪ޶ԵԭǶԷԼе󡪡
֮ʱֻˣٴϸȥʱ򣬰ӵξ࣬ҡҷ任һʱȻóǱþ˵Ȼһ

罣
ƥֱģ
һ˲䣬ǱеһּΣյϢ˲ѹ˲
Ǳ͸ķâǱԵİѾгæֵǰģҪ赲ʲôڶ̫ϵȥ
ǱһԲ˵ֱִ̽յ֮һһ֮͡ǰһ˦
ৣ
֣۶ȥֱָǰӡ
ţ
ӽüᶯƺǶԳǱķӦеһ˿⣬ǶϮĳȴǿҲһȻµģ
ৣ
һ

ģǵƾײʲôһ㣬ڿӵʱһ죬շ䵽һԣֱ档
һĻǱȻɫأһԵİȴ˲Ѫɫȥɫɷס
ļҵˣǱʵ
ҡͷû壬ûʲôֵע⡣ųǱصݣ˵ɽһΪԽδ뾹˽ȵǡ
ԷĿɽˣԼǱûзɾ裬䱸ûٴóȻ֣ΪԷո¶һ֣͸¶Ϣǳֲ
ҲգղǷ׵ı֣ҲԹʵʧƽƺû˿תŶ߿ȥϣҪҲʧ
һ仰˵꣬ٴοٴеĳǱһ䣬ųǱȥһе㵹ҲϣֻǸղŽʱ˲ٰˣüʱš
УǱѽӵ׳֮ʱһζͷȥŵһԲġָ״Сĵҩ
ǡǱЦһջĿ⣬̧˳һ˦ְѵҩ˻ȥ޹»ⶫԼŰɡ
ӽסҩüͷ΢壬ƺԳǱԼİЩ漴ҡҡͷһֱһתϿڣŶ߷ɿ뿪
н䣬罣ĸоٴθֶѸǳʱ䣬ӰʧԶ
ÿٶȣٶȵƾ̤ӦĳṦˡȻʧӰǱипš
ṦƷΪ漰ûתţ޷ӳṦʵ
һԵİڻָһ˿Ѫɫһֵ̿صղǸ̫ˣסһ֣ܿ͸壡ǿ쾳İ˿겻ʮӦòΪ쾳ĳ⹦
͸壿⹦ЧĹʲôƷ
ǱЩؿԵİһۣѪ֮Ϣ֪࣬û뵽˾Ȼ˽⡣
ϴʱڵɺ²ѣ˿ƺڳ˼ĳǱ̲סʵӣͲôôµվǰһ͡
ҲɱҡǱһ˵ţһ߷صĳ𣬡ɱңóֱң˵𣬵ֻҪץᡭ
Ǳ˵еĳȻһҲùΪ߹ҵˣǾɱҪʱͷͷһʲôµģȴ˵ģ롣
ͷԼߵλҲǸײеղǰ˵ĿΪߵλµȴģ
ǱˣҪ˵ˣ·
˵㲻Ȼ·ôϿųǱһȾѪװֻоԽԽĺ̲ס
ûǸʱ䣬Щͬһɢ˶ӣʱһãһЩϢͻȥúܶʧ
Ǳ˵ţղŰӱֳʵеһĪĽȸгͷȻ׿׼һУרĳ嶯
ҡҡͷǱ̾һڻûʸ׿һУ׷Ѱֻ߸շһҵһӵأǱļҵ̤š
ԣΪ˽İļҡ
ţǱ͵һ
ļҼȻԸһҾֻܾˣ


033 Ȼ
ļݡ
λںݳǳǱռعĸֱԶļҵĺĲҵ
ݱǽΧסȺӴ߰ǽЪɽĿ¡ãʯһſĶߡ
ԶԶȥǷ֮ݳǹٸûҪ缸֣ȴ˳ļơ
ԭļҵ׼ʱ˴Ӧһ̴·Ӷ˵ĺøУûܱΪūȴڼģܵգȨʢ
ңΪɣŷͬһĵλƽͽ䣬һ¼еѧͽ˳ǹ֧С;ӣҸ졢Ĭ
񱱳ƿ⺵ۿžʹ£Эĵ̣˫ļΪӦʽһһĸ಻Σ¼𻩱䣬ͷ
ļݲܽƣȻԽ׳󣬹˶ڣμĿǰЭȥеݼжʮˡ
ˣʱȭ֮ɲ٣Ժľ׮ȭ֮˾ͲʮǶǸոսӴѧ̥һߣڣľʵذʮϢ໥Թţȱڶ
ƹ硢ڸһСڴʯ̵أľľΣ©񻨣ǽϹһң顰ҡĸ֣ƽֱһϡ
һŻķɽ𵶵ϣǰžװĴ󺺣սһģ
ˣľӢÿ˶ͨΪ
Ҹղ˵ģ޼ɣһ³ɣܿӣʱͬգ⺵ݳڵĺܶҵѱļ££ʱɻʧأ²ҲԸ˵Ǵֻ
˵ţ̧ͷ˿ǰ⼸ˡ
ԣʱ򣬳¼ھֳ֮ʱ뼸λܹǰסʦƾ֮ٶǼþգҪ޹ɱ
ǣү
ΪߣΪ棬Ϊѽͨ۷壬ֻбûȫͨƽļҼֱͳϽģ֮ķɽǲΪı˼ķɽķ̷
ķɽϵף湰˹֣үɽں֮ڣǵȴСѪΪʱѣҵ赲
صġķɽ˰֣һ־յӣϿȻЦ⣬Ѿ֪壬Żȷһʧ
áͷ
ǰ⼸ֲķɽһƬȣ뵽ǲһ仰Źüף͸еһˮϨ
һ죬ļҵһУҵģڣǰܼѳʣµֻǸߵĶˣ
뵽ԼλֳķɽսȭͷֱȻЩӡ
˸λʱˣҲ쵽ˣȹȥ¼ھΧҸɡ
ǲķɽı仯濪˵ţߡ
ʱķɽĳֹʱɫָֻ糣ֻԼ¶һɺ֮ɫҰްĲ̡
λȥܽǱһ˻׽ãܣҲôɴ࣬ϣܹǶֶϽţʹֵȥƽͣһֿйϢɴ¶
˵ͷȻүҵԵΪǱһܻ׽үã̽ү򡣡
Ժ˵ܹһѪߣͬջǸӣԲڴ
šķɽЦЦ죬ͬźȥ
ʱ
ˣˣˣ
һ֮⡢͸ڸ֮ģд˷Ľʹ
ô£
ķɽʶ淢˱ʣһ˼ӿ첽ٱȥ
תǣ̤ݴõĵذ壬ھҲ۵ס
ʮɵڵϣ򱧸ͷģӷﺰʹǱ˻С򵹡
ǰ˾ķɽĵһͷǡ
߹ݣ
漴̧ͷȥʼٸߵӰʱӳ
ˣ̫⣬һվû˻
ƽﲼ˰ɫѪɺԺγɵģһѳó˿ƣԶԶȥֱͬؤһ㡣
ؤղһ·ֱУޱȵĲݴھϢߵΧ££ȭת۱㽫˻ڵأΧߣ֡
˵Ӱķɽͫ׽¶βסԹ֮ɫҧгݣһһֵĵ
¡ǱȻǡ㣡


034 ݺȺȭȭײ
һߴӴλãԼ⼲£ǱΧм䡣
ǱվԭأΧΧˡ
һ˶⡢η׺ݡӵĿⲻϵͶ֮ģһ˶ڵѹ
ɳǱȴȻ޾һ㣬ԭأϢ壬ȫļ⣬ȴ𽥱ۣᶨεȺ󷽵ķɽԼű˴֮ľС
Ǳô⣿һѪǴӺζѵǰˣ
Ǳţķɽֱǡӡ涢סĸок⽥־壡
ʶģһڿˮȻ͵һ֣ǻʲôԷһˣͨ˫ۣһһȭҲˣϣ
ķɽƽͨΪҲ뵽ҵĹУһкΧ£ʱӦ͡
ү˵öԣ

ҵ£

˷ӣм䣬һɲȻȻҪݶƷ˵ĸо
޴УһݳԱ˴˿Цţ˺ȻһתǱ˹ȥ
һʱ䣬ǱĶг˱ֱϮӰȭк·һֵ̣ȭžҪҳ࣡
ǱȴһĨЦݡ
Ⱥ࣬ΪǷ̥Ϣ߶٣סңǾۼĶߵˣȻ֮ƣӦͨΪҪץסĶͱҪ⼸˵Χⲻáң֮Ҫ
࣬ڳǱĹؼķɽˣͺɽڷ˾һɢһƿķɽҲͶˣǱлشļң
ͷʱȭͷۿžҪ
ʱǱˣ
̤
̤棬
ֺץء絯ɷ

Ǳµѥӷһ죬Ь׾ı
һӴıӳǱĽŵױذ˲俪ѣƶǰȥ
ƥ˲ɾת
Ǳ˷·ֱǰȺ

ųǱģߣлһϢߣȻûϵƣųǱʱ磬һʱɫ䡣
Щɫ֮ʣǰĳǱ̧֣ȭͷ
ֳȭȭ꣬ȣʮ㣬ټޱȣ
ٶȺ϶Ϊһ
ˣˣˣ
ȭ絷⣬Ǳȭͷǰ˵ϡϡؿϣȭͷЯȫ汬


̱ʧȥƽ⡣
ʹУ˾һԣԭӵһΪ֮䣬Χ£Ⱥһ϶
͸϶ķɽȼ˵Ӱɼ

¾ذѣľмɢ
ৣ
һ磬ǱӰȺ϶һһѳٶȲֱķɽ
һһ̤ߡ
ţվķɽԵĺһү˵˵Ϊͨ˫ۣɱȻ˫ȾͨݡɢδʧȥƵĿƣǰء󱳡¸Ҳͨı֣ͨ۷尡
ںתĹͷǱ˦ˣһȻƳ嵽ǰ
۶ۣ档
Ǳķɽ˲ԣںΪȣɴ۾ͫ׽
ķɽһЦǱ̧ƣƷٲȻһҪķɽµļơ
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һϮ֮˵׻Ѫ֮޷ӲֵȭˣǹͬűҲΪ֮һߡ
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ֻǣƿı־˵Ҫ٣סƿӵͬʱֱϵľȻҪһЩԭҲ֮

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038 ſ߳һѪ
ߣ
Զȴţֻеձ
һĿԶļݣֻݴʱŽա
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ˣֵϡ̾ɾˣڶһλԴһһ۵ĸµ֮˽н⡣
ͷô˵߹֮ˣȻǳ¼ھֵͷ
ɲǣͷһѪۣŷӽͷֱӾͽļݣͰѾۼǰļСӸſˣȻһ·⡯ֱã󣬾СŹϡѯʣ룬һׯӽų۵ʱüɫ˵
Ӵǣ˵ĸƵģ㵱˵鰡ļݺ뺷Ǻݵһúǳ¶һƿСҲҹ룿ĪǳıӵˣߵԣһװƲƲ졣
ôţĪ˵Ϸԣһˣǳ¼ͷȥһٷʱ䣬ҲˣϷ˵Ǽ٣ܼܿ
ͷĪŭǲȴЦҵҲǻ㣬ֻǼ˵Ϊ棬¶Ҳ׶༪ˣҪ֪⵱ɱΪɱ䡢ݺȴǾȡ賥
˵ĵҲǣǳͷƾһǻѪ²˺ȴǿϧˡ

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ǲǣһѻ˵ɣմ󺺰ڰ֣ͷѾļݳˣţļʧãѪıˣݵͨʦϣʮϢʮ֮˾ţķɽ֫Ͼ𣬴λ˷ˣ
⻰˵꣬ΧһƬž
ãЩȷһ䣬õͬĴ𰸡
Ⱥˣݣ
ˣݽ
죬Ѫ
Ĵգȫ
ļѪ̲㣬ı
ݷ̥ͨ㣬ϣ
ݷ̥Ϣ㣬ʮˣ
ЩսȻǳǱһΪ
ȼ˹˺һᣬŴһ־Ĵлָ
մƺԼĻﲻˣֿڵڣͷβڴԣͷѪĸˣֻһֱ͵ϲļ̫ҿԣһͷ˸ڻš
ڻţȻ
£ţһһ󣬾ͻᱻͬ޸һţڻš
ڻţǱ˽гģԼģеʱڻ߱㡣
ڻţǽ߱˵ص㵮ġ
ʦܵڻʲôո˾ϢٴӼȥصϸеһ˿ߣк档
Ѫ
ѪǱ
ۿǱʱ򣬹ڻŵԭ
Ǳȫ£ȻѪȫȾˣ
ھʱʦӰг˾η֮ɫ
ʦܣ㡭ԳǱʱԵЩȻ
ʦ֡Ǳһǰʦ֣Щ仯ȲҪø뿪ˣھ֡
Ŷʶصͷע⵽Ǳǰȭӡŵ֣ʦܣˣҪҪȥУ
أõĵҩΪ˲ˡ󻼣Ϸãʱ뿪⺵ˡ
Ǳֺ͹񽻴˼䣬˾ηĿУֱ߽˾ң̯ƣ¶һСƿ
ݰ˵ƿҩ裬ȻǵԪ
˵ţǱƿҩеʱƮɢ侲ҡ
֮ǰǰóҩ裬ҪʮǱᣬһһš


040 ʽ뵶
ʱȽȽָ¡
һתۣǱļݣѹȥˡ
µʱ䣬Էܶ顣
Ժݳ˵Ī֮ǰǳͷݡĺϷˡ
һһɱأļԪˣıĸ顢
º˸˵ͷǰƾһ֮ɽȺˣ˷׺쳣Ĵա
ݳڵľҲ˵һһ۵ĽٹɱѪݡŶΣĵʳȲ
ѪǱ֮п
¼ھֵʦںݸʱʱٵģһԼͷͷҲܾ߽ë
ǣΪЩ̸ʵǣǱȴһֱ͵Զԡ¶棬ھˣҲܼ
¼ھ֣ҡ
Ǳ۾
ڵϣĳԪϥϺһѴʳ
Ԫ治˼飬ҵɱôصˣѪ㣬˴ëϸѪ˲֪ж٣ƼԹۣǰıһȭҲòعǾϣǷ˵ҩϢ£ѾȬ
Ѫ㣬ʶǸʵΪͨЩҩΪĻһЧˣΪ̫أѪУһһţ治֪ıǴĵġ
ипţǱճվҲϢҲֱӱ⣬һȭһŵȭΪ˯ɵѪҺ
ȭŻƣ裬мǰ̫ļƣǱļƴֿʱǶסϸͻᷢÿһʽõʱһͣһ٣ȭŵǴʵһ㣬־ĸо
ģǱһ˿˿İˮİľڸԡ
ʱƣȭŶ٣пĶ࣬һѴʵ趯Խ٣󣬼˽ս޷ֱ𣬿ݡѸ١
ȥΪһǱһ

ʻӶƿպХֱԵƵġ
һ䣬Ǳյ
ʶģ˵İ׾뵶ǰУʩչҲǵӦ֡
һ룬Ѫڣƾʩչ˲
ڶ룬˫Ѫıͻһ֣ư磬ɱУ
룬˫˫ȵѪͻһ֣Ҳڹաϳеĵˡ
Ҫֻ֧֣ѪһڵΪʱʩչ
Ǳ˼
׵԰֮УԭɽĿҾԴǰǱֹסƺ󣬺Ͱһͬǰɽİý֮׵䵽˳Ǳϡ
ݰ˵׵һɽһһɽڵõģ𣬳һףҲˣֻǲ֪ɽġ
ɽռعľ֣ΣأɽȺȻɽΪɽկɭΧõ뵶գɽŴҴҷأҲӴ
ıĽսνһ˲˵ıǹ˼ҩƿҿܸ޷֮ɱҪҲ¡ڣҪеõջ֮䣬дֲʹ·ϲȱٵľˣžʶǰ·
˼ƽϢǱĿ۳ϡ
뵶Ʒ
Ǳ̤ѪܷѪȻҲͿ԰ƷתѪıһսҲʶԼֶεĵһ㡣
ʶڵģģǱڵѪֵڶʽ䡱֮ҲϰжԹܴ󣬻ֱ۽ǣһϰ˫ִӴֻʩչضѧоԣǱûϰ
ڣʳһԪֻˣǹҲоȹѪһڵľ⣬ŵҩ֮ԭֻʱʩչɰȫϰɡ
ԪǾĵҩոʤƷҩ˷Ѽ٣Ǳģģ⣬ʵԣѭ򽥽Ծɰɣһ˫Ʋûбϡ״ָڴ׳𪣬ֻ˾ʱŻֲͬ
ٿأŵĳǱ̣۲ɢһ
Ľȫɳ˿˿
ھ𵴡ϴڹอѪ⣬ѪԽʢëסϢƿҲӦ֣Էſ֮٣Ѫ͸ѾԶˡ
ʱһЩ仯ǱҲԽɡ
Ѫ㣬ڡζѴڣǵһ㣬ȴǴĹؼ裬겻ãʹģˣҲ̫ڼ
ڷһǷѪȭžֲѾڶ͸ѪѪθ࣬ȫѪʢȫѪ⣬˹κһԷӦıӦþΡߡ
žǵѪ͸ȫѪھ¸ͣԽֱͣһ˿к󣬾ͻڲ㣬㡣
Ǳ˵ţߵһԣŵϡ
زתΪڣעڱ仯ҲԽеĲ㣬ÿǰһأкܶ谭緪һ㽫ǱסҪһ¥ҪЩޡ飬ⲻҪҪļʱ䡣
ţüͷֹš
ϧҵʱ䲻࡭
˵һǰļҼĿ⡢δĶҲѳɷˣ粻ǽݻؼѣ£һһСھʱվļҵ񣬸ļϴڿѧգɽʱҴ
ΪʱûпǾֻдʶˣ˵Ҫȥ̨ˣʶһʶڶ㡭
Ǳ˼һĴ㣬һ
ƾҲңǳǱǰҲΥСĻ
Ů⴫ţҽյķţءһһ߿


041 
ű߿鿪ĺܼ¶ߵӰһ겻˵Ůӡ
Ůݽףοˣͷᴹ߷Ф٣ŵɫ¶ؽֱۣճ
ôŶ룬һɵõϢ
Ǳƺʣüͷ΢壬ԭ㡣
ŮΪǳǱҵһλС㣬ǵϵǴޱѹݣܵүϲͳǱѻͬ˾ĳ¼С㡣
ЩǱεϸֲãǱʲô飿Ҹղ㣬˾Ȼ˵ҪͨôţҪף
Ǳüͷĸˣҳ¼ھĶʦһƵģǩʹӡ
죿ЦֳӲƢ˿ûģԿҲ˵ҴطλѣǶȥμүүʮٵģɫ磬·ʱ뵽ңϢȲ˰źϷҵȰЪ
ԭǱͷԺͷԼȥɡ˵ʱû˿顣
ûɣȴüͷλǴĹͣŴɵĵӣͺ൱ΪѴͨ۷ھ֣ǸӣͷӦʰõķ䣬ס
ҪΪˣǱ˳һۡ
䣡
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ô£ôСһۿҾȻп־УоЩڿүүŭһɻУе˳裬ԼȻǰϳŵ˲˿־塣
ţһ˵ֲ㣬ֱȥȥдһҵλѣʡ˼Ҿñˡϣתȥ
ǱҡҡͷݱһֱǲСѣҪõķ䣬Ȳ˵Ҹĸ
ţ߹ȥүүİʮ٣ʹػլţҲǶԸĸ׺ȥ
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˾ݲףΪֻۣǻƺ͵ɫвͬ԰ϸһѳƹӡ
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еĽŮΪȽǺͳڴϪʶͬգΪ֪
ԭԶߵɣλغ̰ɽУĿ߽ͬˣӿӦŵӣǳġ
Ǳ˸š
˱ܸеһɰҶӣӦǳǰ˵ʲôҲգһȥʡ˫ڡ
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ʦ˵òһԵķȽͷǱЩȣҲ꣬Ҵпɲʦʦõģ˵ۻٲͣϽǶǲڳ
ʦ÷ģзִ硣˵̾˿ϧΪ㣬ܲɽ֮£ֻ¼̽飬ź
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ʦ˵ǡͷסڲ
ʱ⴫˽ŲţЦ˽еȽҴȥ䣬ѽúϢһǾͳ
ڳλǰԺ֮ʱǱ򵥵ĳЩ·׼ؾңƿҴŵʱȴס
ʦͬǰϼңھҲھݣͬһǰٹʦʮˣʦĸȹȥʦú˵˵ܲܵõЩָ㡣
ǱͷӦһҲѯʣת߽˾ңûŵϡ
ͷתȥ
Ǳ߽ңʵϣȷʵûаЩŵЩ鲻ùͶ뾫
ֻǸǰȥݣһ˿𣬿ҵΪϸǣ㲻֮Ҳ֪ҳǱ֮ĸҲڿϼ˵ɫ
ţǱƤ£硣
漴ʶУʶռڣʵʵӰֳ
Ӱһ²ͣһ·еһ߼̨׸ǰ


042 ʰϣɱ
ǰʱǱʶռϤѾܸˣȻʶԼǿʧӻкܶɻҲؽģΨһ֪ߣǱĸ׳ȴʶ壬Ȼ޴ӻش
ΣѹǱҲֻѡʶѧΪʶˡ
ŶʶĲϤǱĿ⽥е߼̨ˡ
߼̨ףλʶһ롣
Ǳڴ˽Ī·ĻڵأƳĳֿ־壬һ̨̤ȥͲٳֻֻǵ̤ϵڶ̨ʱ
УȺ̤弶̨ף˵һ׵ġĪ·⣬Ⱥ˻֡úͼֻþÿμҪᶨң˷еĿ־塢вܻ߼̨ףӦڿ̨̤֮˵־
УǱÿ̤һ̨ףҪһΣգʵĻþֱָģУʶͻ٣³϶Ҳǻ֮νɱڳǱƾһģһǻ⣬ӲĴ˹
žĻþ࣬ǱеԼ־ƺҲЩ仯ǱĥһƵģȥһЩʡ
ǡ־֮Խᶨ⣬ȥҵҡ
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Ǳҡҡͷ̨Щʧˡ˵ţ̧ͣ˽ţ̤һ
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ʲôʣܹҪԣӱܣ䱻ܣѰҡ
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Ǳѭȥ۵һˣΪ׵ǳĸϡ
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ϣŭûһƽģóǱаԸп£ˣҲΪԵʣǲٻ磬֢ת
ôתҲǰһ㣬ϵĿʣǱ㷸˴ҳ¼㲻ˣ㣬ҳջҪףն԰һѳָǱ
ԣϡ񣬻ھ˶׷״С䡢ϱȻźСһ㣬Ը˿ǳǱѣҲỳԼǲʵ
ŶȺӿһƽˡ˶ԼɱɱǱһ̨׵ĺ塣
üһ⵶ȻҪЩҵףѵҲʩȭţһ̨ҪģնɱԴ𣬴Ӷȫ
뵽ȻЦһȻôʶ䲻֪Ӻζʲôͣһңͺڽдһˮܣϰߡ䷢չȥҿܾͻʧȥԼ㣬ͬǲҾͻȥһʱʶʵʲôǲҲҪ沨ȥɣ
˼ʱ򣬶桰ǳִֵĳɱʱ䣬Ժɱڡ
ԽԽˣǱ˫ۣĥģ֮ģ˳֮ģ
棬˼嵽˳Ǳǰ⽣â˸Ҳһ̣ҪնǱϣ
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ǰЩ䲻ˣֻòһ޶ӵնȥȻΪ֮ѶпܣˣΪҪо࣬ȥնɱǣ
뵽Ǳ˫֣ۿ䣬˫ϾۼӴѪ;
죬Ҫ֪˭֮ˣ
䣬Ǳ嵽ǰˣŻӱۡȭң
ײ
ȭͷײڵϡ
ǱҲֿ½棬һȭһȭݺݵش˵ϡ
ˣˣˣ
ҵʹϱʵʹþ޹ء
ȭȭѪǳ˱ľٶһͣڰ;
ȭ֮󣬳ǱѪģԼɼɭɭ׹ǣеĳͷҲԽᶨ
ϣһѷȭȭ䣬¶ⲻǵʯѷ죬ƾڿһ㡣
꣡
ѷԽԽ࣬ԽԽܼڡ
飡
ȫ飬ܾҲ֮ΪΣǱ»صʶ̨ϣ˿˫֣ޱ̤һʶڶ㡣


043 ʶڶ
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ͺǱµĳʽӦһ㣬ģ˱ÿԽѪˣֻǾڳǱϸ˽Ĺ
Ѫ˵Ҫ򵥺ܶ࣬գ㲻֪еĹϣģ˵ݷڼϷ飬ܹԼ̽һЩ
֡䡱УȻǱʵвûϰʶռȴϤĲˣڼٴεĽ顢ڣеѪţûҩʵʹйǱǱӦԡ
ʶһĹЧǱĵȻҲԵڶ㡢㡭ڴ
񣬻ʶ£Ը̤ϵڶ㡣
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ôշζ䣬ɳȴƶЩʲô񷹲һЩΪϸ΢ƵģͷԵϵķֱҲһЩ
ţźȻ򿪣˽ǱҲ⣬ϲɫǱȻڴˣȲҪˣλɵĸͽȥơԵҲýύһ˵˼һȥԼ䣬пܵǽ


044 б
Ŷƽύ
Ǳһ˿âڵ⣬²뵽İɡ
ЦģҴһͬǰݣ·ϺλŵӶӴȥùϵʱҲɳû˼ֽһ
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仯Ӧþζϵı仯ˡ
ζʶ
ǱԼǰļ䣬ŻйζϢʱȻеһ㱣־ƣݵĸо
ˣ
ףǱϽۼͷϵעɢ̦ζϵı仯
ȥע˲䣬ͷϣһظоһš
оͬо׽ŵʳԴԸΪ룬ǴӹʳϸСṹ¶ġ
·šʳԴĸܡ
һ˲䣬Ǳ·ǿһС󣬿ơҡҷ
һš
Ǳѹ˲ЩΪеǿҵƣƣ֫Ѫ⣬ǴӾϴ
˵ƣĥˣɳǱڸܵƣͺ󣬷һġ
ƣͣͬҳʱʶʶɵƣһ޶˿ζȻʶ˱仯ͷ̦ϵʱ򣬻ԵøԣǿζֱܷʳĵĹɵϢ̫ͬܳʱ䣬һƣ
κһ֪ʱ˿־ǵģһͻϺܶࡣ
̤ϵڶڶ̨ףųҲΪûζı仯Ҳ̤ȥͲ⵽ųˣھƣҪϢԾȥһʶ㡣
һˣǱ΢ʰ˲;ߣžͷؾңɵھҵϡ
ƣĸƿҲͼܶ࣬ʺ뾲˯ȡԡ
ųǱܿ硣
һ˯ʱܳΪƣĹϵһֱʱ䶼ûڼϹ˼ΣƼǱ˯Ҳûֻǰѷ˷Ͼ뿪

Ǳãȫܺ俵ȣھ֣Ϳһֱ͵ˣͷææģǺãǶͷ˯Ҳ֪ǡ
磬ڽͷȽԣһڳһȦΪǸմޱǰЩϳڵֻ̣Ǵһͻˡ
ģ˱ھԺ۲ʦ
Ҫ·Ҫܶ࣬ھ˶ڰ˻ææ⡣
ʱָ˰˵ˣбԹš
꣬ǰھ֣˳Ǳ¼ָϻˣܡ
ʱıԹһ飬Ҳ˲ָæﲻҪ˵ͷǺεƽģھֶӣܹᲢۣ
Ӵüëƽʱ˵ǣǳˣ俵ܵܶûô˵ԼǱʲôҲô˵УȥʡĵݣҲ֪ء
⻰³һȥͷԼͷʲôˣѪһ˵ȥݳм˲
ǳǱıݣȻ£ֻͨˣ֮ǰвڵӼͷв죬Ȱ衣
ڣ뵽ҪͳǱͬУеʱҲûڼ֣ǰ⡣
ԺָƽֻʣæµӰ

Ǳ
ĸ
ӰҴҴӺŽլڡ
ĸν䱸ɭϣһڡ岽һڣԺﲼֳֵѲӴ󺺣ͥҪڶ԰ţӪ
⼸Ӱһĸǣһȫһʱ䣬ǰ̲顣
꣡
ĸլķɽķ𣬸ţķɽ
ˮộιʲôιôôĪūҲңԴң
䣬ѾߴӷǱӳ
ķڣ̱ϵķɽ԰׵ϲ˫˫ţһɢľ˫ɫ͸
ڿ־塣
ٽŲ⴫һС˼Ż˹
ôҪӣǳǱķɽСӰ·ɢĪ⡣
١үСܵϡүˣ


045 
ǰӰķɽֱ֣̿ݣôģ
ǰһŽۡ뷢׵˲ţϡ
ɫ㲣տյǶһֱֻۡ
ˣļҵļĿС
Ŀ󣬾ҴϢ˺һŻָƽĿ䵽˶ϡ
Ըӣô໥š
һ̱οϣһľϣһ֫ϣһϣһʱԵҡء
˺һᣬĿ̾˿ľҶ˵ˣϧıˣһᴦġ
ķɽɫһ䣬ҪԶԸǱ
ûôʲôǣķɽֹףĿصĸоǰʲô仯
ķɽѵҡҡͷˣתӵķȴЩóֻǸΪλˣò۷Լ飬ˡ
˵ţ䵽ĿеϣСʵ֪ΰݼЭˣʲô䴫ţ˵ЭϮȣⲻ⣬⼸ղ跹˼Ĳѡ
ĿɫԱ䣬һĨײľɫһ罣İɫӰһʱ侹Щ˥
ʵϣĿжԼεľ¡˼ӣļʧôءԼһһϣŭ״ˡ
ʱӵѯʣ¶һ˿įΣ˵Ҳգ˲ļҿǵġ˵Ϊͦ˵ΣҲ˶Կȷλϣ·߰
ķɽײھڶԸǱ˿Ŀ¶į֮ȴû˿⡣
δϵĿкĻһתٴ˵˵¼ھ˵ѱĴլϹͷŽԴΪͻƿڵĻ˵ٳ¡ɽ𻢣Ͼϼһĸ
Ŀ˵ţע⵽˶ϵĹ飬Ǽʹ޺Ϳ־ı飬ͷһڰò˳ǱС˰ɣ
ôᣡ
Ǳֱӽ£ķɽɫ䣬ĵֻǳǱƻײУҷޱȣƺһ˶һˣνɱ˲գۣǸʮʮ֮ͽ룬ҪԸһҪȷһնݳȻ϶᲻ϱģ
ķɽ
ķɽĻһŭֹסˡ
ĿмٵشϢţǣ˿ڣϱʹ࣬ɿŶڸǵĿ־֮ɫָеһŭ
Ǳʲôһ޸˵⺵ݣҲŲϺţһˣɱıĿеĶӣǴݣʧأС䣬ôƥҽһͻ
Ŀһ˵һ߾ҿæǰΪش
˺һᣬĿлķɽĿԽĬȻ
Ȼǽһ֪ðС䶼η壬ãˣԺ飬ͲҪˣѾŹԸ¼Һ飬ͽˡ
˵ţĿȥ

ķɽҽһĿû˿ᣬ뿪˷䡣
ĸһʱ
ҹɫ١
ݳҲ
ǡ¹⣬תƣת
¼ھ֣ҡ
Ǳ۾̾˿
ǲУɲ̤ʶڶĵڶ̨ףúηᱻһɴֱųȥԽ̤䣬ųԽӴ󣬿ЩϻûܸţԴӦûζϡ
뵽⣬ǱһЦֳȻ֮ɫ
ֻųȻֲܽҵʶĵɣȴҲĥµ־ľòϣһ̨̤߳ףһ߼ֵֿʶ˾Уö֮ǱʶҲ䣬ڲĵڶѪ͸Ҳͳˣ
䲻ҪˣҲҪ򣬳ǱԼõϢн˷⾢Ӧþǰ򰤳ģҪ¡ˮʯļֲУȻ³֮Ժ㣬Σڲ࣬һգͶһֱϡ
ţǱȻ̧֣һȭ

ȭĶֱͦͦһ˳ǹֱ̡
ûѪڣȭͷ͸һɱϢ
һȭŵȴǴųǷƳһ㣬һȭ֮£Ȼ˳ʮɵľֶȻҪã
Ǳ䣬Ҫһоʱ򣬾ҵš顱͸Ŵ
ǱĥʲôأǿɻŻؼţϽ·ˣ


046 
糿ǳеĺ
Ǳĸ׼ͣĸ׵׻׻
ǱǰȥҪǵΪƣûΪѣҪʦֵĸ룬Ҫ嶯Ҫ¶ݣһʱƽ˾
ǡǱͷӦȴֹ
¶ݣǻʲô䣿
ιȥҪǵðԼѧ֪үүģܲõһЩָ㡣Ȼ֪Ǳ룬߶Ҫ𾴳˵ʲôʲôҪ£ԿǸ
סǱɵͷֹš
Ҫ𾴣ͬͲ˰ɣ˵ǳңҴ󲻻ڣսֽеģ֮ȴ˵
·СģѺҲѧѧĻҵע⵽һԳϺεĲ֮ɫæסڡ
ǱɫһƳ˳һۡ
һۣóеһϲ֮ɫȥ
ǱջĿ⣬ǰЦЦھΣδΪпɣӦȥұϾֻһˣʱʱ̻̿ȫηرң뷨үүһӿĸȫǰݡ
ôУ˴󾪣ô򱾼Ҫ󡭡
һԵĳҲƲƲ죬Է̣֪ģ뵽֮ǰǱĿ⣬Ӳߡ
ǱԲֺϽ̸䣬Űݱתڳȥ
СǱ
ųǱ߹ڳվŵһʮӳǱͷ
ɫϣһ󱳽
ʦǱȭ
ΪףǳǱүүĴӣǷ;ġ
ףǱֱţȥڵĶкھʱǱϸеһ־桢Ƴĸо
ţоһţǱ΢΢ҡͷҲǴ
ͷܵͷͬУңԬԼʮİӣ˵ʱһƲֺһһ̵ģۡ
Ԭƹ񲻱ؿǱԻѴĸ֪Ԭеƹ¼ھܵѹһǧɣֻô۸սһЩɢ
ʵϣھ֣Ӳ⣬Ҫڹٸֻųϳţϵ˼ʶ𽥵ļŶϳ¼ھ֡
ڣھֱƽۣ˵ǵ֮ʣҲЩˣˣ߲ܡ
кǱڳȥ
ڳЩªľ峵ϴӣţʵΪǰǼݣĮԲҪա
ڳϷһӣӺҳʦ󼸸ӳ϶βĳϡ
һ·ϣھ˱ҪЩȫһֱǼݡ
ԹߵݾǼݣӾӡ
ǱβҪǼݣֻ赽ݼɡ
ݣϽʮأųƺλںݺǼ֮䣬ͿݣǱıҲݡ
һ໥ʶҲĥ䣬죬ô뿪
Ǳڶһ࣬Ƚڳһϣ˵Цʱ䵽ŵĳǱϡ
㣬ܵܺ磬ھ˺ڿ͵ģ񶼺ܿſȽͳ˼䣬֪İѻ⳶˳Ǳϡ
ſ֮Աǣ˰ɣҲһͨʦ
ô˵ҡҡͷϳȭʱھĻ䣬˲Ϣ˵Ǳǹһսˣתͷֶһݣȫˡ
ᴵսˣһ컯أıЦǳ¼һʵսǿҶ죬츳ߵҪСܳ信
˵⣬¶һɽ֮ɫ
ڳǱŲŵġ
ŶȽͷ˼⡣
ǰӣǱһԣڳ̸ЦŽٵȥ
󣬱뿪˺ݸϽһƬɽ롣
ɳ󡢶ʯһ·Ͼɫ·ƽн˳
һʱ䣬Ҫ뺵ˣɽӡɳ󣬴ҶѿڱΧϣʡĳɳӡҪ˵ˡǱԬƹġ
⼸ʱԶС
ûãӹȻһƬ绯صġ֡
ϸʯڴˣռع
˵Ҳ֣Ƭ໥ڵƫƫɳܴ󣬷һɳڵߡ
ͷ߲ã᲻ΣաһŵԬǰҲͨС
Ԭƹģĳ߲°ٱ飬ΧĺúǿҲٶʶһЩ
ǾͺãǾͺáԬ˵ţ˲һǵؿΧ
ڶӻУûɳС
ǸոʻһɽϣӰͦңš
һһӡ
ǳ¼ھֵĶɣ֪ĸǳǱ
֮һװüֱ֮ɫڵ壬ҿȥֱӽնˣҲʡһˡ
ɼǲС䣬ؼڳƥ򡣡ΪӻӦţһۣͷСڣܺܿҪˣǻҪغϡ
ǸѪΪûУ֫ϣġһɫһ䣬˫΢΢Ц¼ھֵʱ˲ã˵ǳˡ
£·УһԶת˲


047 
ʱ仯֮ȵվҪࡣ
ϣǱ˫գӼȫϣܶмβ
ΪͻƵѪ仹΢ڹۣҶƿصǿ˺ܶ࣬°빦
ģԽԽȣƽԽԽͷ;ҲϵԽУ֮֮֡ļơ
ǾƿظһıţַȻЧ
Ǳ˼ţûע⵽һ˫۾۲˸֮ɫ
ô׵

ܵķɳȻ˺ܶࡣ
ڶнٶȸˡ
ţģһֱųǱɫһ䣬תͷȥ
ϧƾҸȫ仯ʵսãϤܸվţƾͷʱֻ̫ʵսУѹܼǱţǱڸͻȻһͣפתͷ
ϢϺŮ̸Ľͣ»ͷվȥ
ţȽҲڰ׷һת˿ߵĽĿԶͣе׺ͳǱ˼
ôˣע⵽λ˵ı仯ѯʡ
û˻شҲҪش
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ӳӵĺ洫
Сͭ죬𽥱󣬲Ϣʱ䣬ѺӴġ
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һӲ°˵飬˸䳤ڱɲ
Ⱥּڶӣʱͣסһƥƥս壬ɢڶӰΧסһε齣ЦУ⡣
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һϵĳǱȴĿ¶⡣
ڵģԻڣ˾׳϶սǷĶǿϲ٣ȱʵս֣ͳˣ˯ͷֻǲ֪ǵΪΣܺ൱߸ʤһͺˡ
Ҳ¶ԷΪ̫ߣǿ˺ֲ࣬żһˣҲ·ȥ򣬾ȥݱຮ֮أΪг˵ˣҲԸڴˣ
ѪߣһѺ֣ȥﶼΪܵϡޱȡ
ע⵽ǱԾԾԣ񿪿ڰ˼䣬ΪǳǱ·Щš
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֣ǱüëźͶԷ콻̸ʦ֣еź
˵ŵϰǡҶ߽ģз㡱ҳˮǮҺĳĳĳ죬ֵ֪Ǹĸկӵĵҡࡣ
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˵˲٣ԷȴһԲָĪĸо
죬棬ɢҡ磬ϵһüëϡ裬һ˫۾ϸɷ죬ſۣȣϹһ󵶣ҳѰֵһ
ǱŶԷ죬ٿأ׵
˵Ĵ粻ˣҲͬ˵ΣǱԭϵˡ
ŶʦϳԷˣǱͷʵˣⱱ߲ԭ类˹ռô
Ǻǣ߲ǾˣԭڲԭԵȺ󽵷˻ʵΪ󺹣ԭ˵ǹϪܣδضˡ
ԭˡǱͷ̡ܽ
˽̸УһֱעŲԶĶ
˵Է˿δ䣬ʹڹԸȡЩˮǮ֮ûаĹۡ
˶Ȼ⡣Ҳע¼չʱ˵˿
Ȼ⡣Ƚ΢΢һЦֹɳŰƫƫӺ󷽸ڳͣפ㣬ȻԤı
ʲôԤı亹乣ԺѷƵӣԶȽǴϻۣǷʲôЩΪ׷
ȽδֻתͷԵһڳ
ǽ˵Ȼڶӣ⵱Ȼǳˡ
ڣһ£Ŀ䵽ڳԬϣÿһĲ԰ס֡
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æѭȥԳ־ͲԲ죬ϳ󵶡
꣡
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ٵǰһӣֱָΧһȦڳ﷢һصڣ
ޣ
һʿ𵶽棬ƥٶȽ𣬺ɱӯҰ
ֱӵɱɫһ䣬ɱûڣȻ˱ûǽ棬նɱ˼
ԶԷ棬ʦɫأԬɫɷףϣһ־壬ͷȽȴһЦ
ʦãʵսˡ
԰գ˳ʣҪ
ڴʱһ켲ӰԱ۶
ڶˣǱϳХţǽڣǻڣǵжԣ


048 ɱ
Ǳôô嶯
һ˵ĳǱüͷ
Ƚȴûг
ɫһ䣬Խ˵ܵóͷϧʵãҲүүѪףô嶯ǰ׶༪٣Ǿһȡ
ų׵ݣһĨɫͷСģ͹ȥ
԰ճһᣬ½УѴԾ£첽
ŽȥıӰ૵ǵģǱͻǿͷΪԼܵݲɣЩǴģöˣԼˣֺýҲվ
㣬ܵҲĵһԵķȽһתֻǣҪ׵ˣʦҲˡ
ţȽ˵ʲôһ˳ŷȽָ̧ȥʱɫ仯
Զ嵽ǰĳǱһתվϣһţ
Сȴ
˻
˻һһȻǰ˵䱳ϵĳǱԾ
УϺǴ򣬲þ
˼ţǱӭ汼˾һ
ڰգ糤磬һ£˻æֻþٵ񵲡
ǱһתеԷƣƫת£ֱӽյֵնϣƲһġ

һҽУֱӱĵðǣ𣬵¡
Ǳֱ䵽ϣһ̤
ϣɣ
ս˻֫һˣǱƷԾֳԵˣڰգ
뵶һ룡
л˸˿Զûһһͷȥ
ǱȴͣٴԾ
սأǱչᣬһ·裬˸䣬Ǽ˲ҽأżƥսǱȻԾնԾڱڵ˶շתŲӽǶе죡
ԹԣѹºͷʱһΨ˵ʲôһÿţڿͷôײСڶܵɴ۾һ˹ı顣
ԣʦ׷׵ͷͬ⡣
˸һ棬ûͱͷôһɱ˰˾˰
ɾ˵ˣһֱأѾʮˣ
ɽĲԩ

һʦ̸ţ˻нȣΪٹϢԷͷļƥҪɱӸǰˡ
ʦڣղСʱ֮ΣÿǰὫ鱸ãɼ׼ɻǿ־ġ
ΪָӵĹոǰ棬ڶԷɱʱһԣ˿˲ʦߣһٵͷָӣԴ
ʦǰײǰ̬ȣɫһ˫ȴԶŵĳǱתš
⡭Ȼûκɱ
׵вƽ˾κˡ
˼ңûκɱ˵
׵ǰԭ籪ĽҲͣ˲ӣֽǱ񿴵Ǳı֣ʱ÷̫ôӡ
ʦ֣ҪиҪ̤ˣ
Զѱ˷ȦڵϣȽĽкûжٽȡ
Իعһɰͷ
ҽϰ䣬վֻ벽ͨ۷壬ܱһھֵͷȥ
ʱǰѳ嵽ĸǰ
һ˫нһá
ţ
ལ
ۣۣۣ
СѪſʧϵ䡣
»Բ°ƮתսԲбһ˵С
˲ҽŵ
ҲˣвͣŲ΢ָˣ˶ڱԽˣո˵
ս˲Ϣ䡣
ͨ
Լе֮󣬽һ˿ο
ǳǱȻ˶ңȶ֣Ҷܳ־ãҵʽ֪ģﾹͳǱʱ֮ġ
ֽϴ̣˵ʱһ̶ײͻȻԴ

񣬴͸ʮ㣬ýͷһ̳ȥֶһ£ȻûеҪ
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ֻУ죬̧д󵶣סһѳ
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ȻǸǱҧأųǱ쵶ײЩζ
ϧһԷˣڰգǡ
ͷոڽͷͿԶյĳǱ¶һĨЦݣŶԷյ֡ͬұ͵һͣ
ʲô
ԶսķȽͬʱͫ׽


049 ȭ
ǣ
ѪҺڣѪȣ

ƤʵѪ
һһ䣬Ǳұ۶ʱ֮͡ڶ֮ǰͬն
״ͫһзһ岻Ļ
ǱķӦұ۾ѪתУڼ⡢ڵͦ䡢תų΢΢̧Ȼ󡭡

뵶ڶ룡

磬ȥ١
ٶ̫죬嶯̬Ӿ׽ĸ֪λ

̶ײٴ
תڿյĳǱƳȥǻûľϣǱŵǰѵһ̧һ䣡

춸ĵɴ˫ۡ

Ǳе䣡䣡䣡


ײһʱ裬
ǱڿյӣȻŽϵĵײ䱬ײڿգ
ֻǣһ£ǱгϽִڣյֵĻҲѪۣܵһѾֹͣ˳棬Χ£
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ڳϵĳЩ͡
Ȼôˣ
ƺǲڵĻǰԼһЩٶԵÿЦǳǿ򶨣װһΪʲôأҲŻ뿪ɵõΪˣ־黹ǲģ俵ܣ϶м佫Ʒ
һԵķȽûЦݣЩصؿǸ״񡢲ӣҲеɻ
֮ǰǱұ۵úҲдĺ塣
ʲôѪΪֻҪתܿܽз֮ɱ䣬ʱȻȴοͶԷ
ͬҲڽͷֻǾڳǱ¶ʵ
СѪߣŶ󣿱һСǾ˵ҲûʲôŴɣΪ̤Ѫ
ΧڳǱĶԾУЩʧȴâģƲ٣ģ˵ᱻ˵
Ѻ˽ֵԵ࣬ᣬʱǰ֣עԶĳǱϡ
ˣע⵽һ㡣
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СܼովһսʹоգʦҪһǰǸİԣΪ漰Ǳ˴Ȥˡ
Ů˭͵͵˳ǱһֹۣţôǱСӳȥתһȦʹ˸Ů˻ղųڱԹǱٶڳǱĻȴˣеС΢ģ
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052 
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ǱҲ˵ƣǰףԱߵڳϣϵӣϢ
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ܣ˿׵ĿⶼԵЩηҲ⣬ǷȽͳֵΪƽ
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053 磬˵
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ĸ֮ء
˱ϪЭ֮⣬֮أռݣֻҡڣļҶ꾭ӪۿҲҪЭ
ССļ壬ڶߣ纵ļҡɳұǴڴϪݳ¼ߣ
г̣Ǳڴﵽݣ;гյĴ⣬ҲСвۣɶоա
ݵĽͺݺЩ𡣡
ϣȽĿһı顣
ܵĽֵͽŲͬޱģ˵ߡݼʽһ޶ܴȴ΢΢̣Բ
ǺǣȽ㿴ûһЦŽţһ㶼죬ͽ飬Ƕ߲ӣռһ룬ǼݣͼûˣΪ񡣡
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ǱͷףҲȡʲôֻ粻У˾зգھֻҵ˶ʧʲôҸĸǡ
Ǳ˵ţ΢΢˫ۣ۷˸˿˿Σչâ
ðɣһʦתġ׼״Ҳ˵ʲôͷȥˡ
ǱĿӰתԺӡ
ǴԽԳ¼ұҹޣΨһĹҰǸԼĳ򸾣ļ˶ڣһ˹Ȼпɣζܹʱ̱øĸȫͬǰǴҪҪ¼ҵĿǰ֡
ֻҪô׾ͱͨú֣ӡǱţ߽Ժӣֱǰ
ԺܿտһΪţ߽ᣬЩĺԺģڳͣУҲԵӵ
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»ǶԪʱ򡣡ǱһѹҪ̷ҩĳ嶯Ԫǻĵرãۼ˴ԪʱϺѡһξ룬ǿ壬Щ˷ѡ
ţǱתʼѰ˼ڵˡ
ڵǵ⣬θ׳࣬ҪģǾ¸͵
𵴵ﲢУ˽УǶܴҪڵԭĵüܹ
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ǱҪʶռ䣬̽񵴷ʱԺУһҵĽŲ
ǡѥ̤صǱ˫΢ֱ˽ŲĲͬҲԽв
ţһϤ
磬˵ˣСֱܿӾʹӿӪ˰


054 Ҫϻˣ·
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һ뷢԰׵ˣڹľϣһָ룬һһ飬ǰ׽л㱨
̬ݣ뷢ףû˿̬ɫͷ׷Բ壬ְɫ멣䲻һϳ鷿
״ҴֻԼһ·ͬľһһϸ˽Ƚˣȴ䵽˳Ǳϣ˵ųǱʱǰȥ
˺һᣬ˵ꡣ
˿ڵƤˣɵСĿĲɸΪצɽ֣ҲȥӦңıҵžѧڷҪһЩˡ
˵ƽͳйӴݲȵϢ
ţһתʵ˵ǱΪѾѪҾ
ǵʦ׵ͷҸռСǱʱȶ˾磬·ϸǽ͸˾

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μ䲻ˣҲԷȻ֢״кתˣСǱʦҪЩ֣ȥ򸾣㿴ǲǡ̽ʵ
̾˿Ϸ룬ֻȰүһĲãʵڲ׽֦αע⣬¼Ѿȵ꣬ڹϵ̴ǣһȫʹҳҲһá
˺ȻǳǱүүĸף˫
ʦüͷȻ뵽ʲô
˰ˡڰ֣ʮվٳӷ޹վҪ·ˣļϷԲԼĶӱ˰·ɱҸͷǰݣһּգǲǬͼʲô뷨ݲᡣ
ǣ׵ͷҪȥ
ȴϷɫ԰ףʱӦ͡޶ȣ˷ҶǱܾҲһƬģ£ΪʦѪһ¡
Ҳ飬Ӷлʦ
ͷһ£ǰǱһҾأ¹ľˣǵǱʣڱӱֲҳ¼ҵɳ̱ᣬһύǱ
ǡ

ڳʦͽ鷿̸ʱݳΧھԺǱվԺС
ǰվһꡣ
괽ݰףһɫװһѳųǱȭеþò磬һɸʤ
Ǳȴüͷʶģģⵤ𵴣йǰ⳶ֱӵ俣ʲôһ£Ķһ׾ͲҪóˣֱ˵Ŀġ
绹ֱӡΪ俣ǳǱϵõܣڳ¼ӵеģ丸ǳӣ䲻ǳ¼ѪףױΪʵСͻƵͨ۷壬պǰӪӪүүǰȥҲ˼Ҹ˸ˣԴΪ񡭡
Ѿͨ۷ˣ
ǱǰõܣԷȳǱҪСһܹ꣬ͨ۷壬ʹг¼ҵĴҩġ࣬Ҳʾˡ
俵ȻһЦⲻʲôˣҪҪһͬǰӪӪǽҹһذأ˵ܸүүӡ󡣡
һͬӪ䲻֪ⴳӪǳĳ俵ĿģԼɡǱа
õһֱԳǱе⣬Ǳһұϳȥ󣬶侮ʯŹκһǱĻᣬǰ֮ȱȽǣǱȻܲ³Էʵ뷨
ҡҡͷǱˡ
ҴˣҿûйȥʲôӪǱԥֱӻؾ˼ϣûʱȥͳ
磬ȲҪžܾⴳӪĹģЩ㻹̫˽⡣
俲ΪЦЦһŷ緶
ѽүүЩСģӪףһأͿ˼һҪҵʤүү飬˵öլҲпܵġ
үүҪ󣿡Ǳ仰ڴһ˿â
ĵ飬ΪǸĸΣ游Щȥ;ֳ򸾡
ֻǣ統죬ʱǱ¼ҴŶȥתѶȲСǰƺһˡ
ֱһعţԵЩϷֻɳʮȥ͸ĸӦò̫ɣʵ˵ףҲûҪǵûȥ¼լţҪȥҲӦͷǽɣӦǰ룡
ţǱѯʣүүǱҪ⣬ǲ¸ţܹüˣҲͲ뷳ˡ
û俺Цףȴ˱ġ
ӣȤǲƾ¶ΪܴӪʱֻҵ°ܽ
ڳЦ֮ʣǱͻȻʵ㻹ûͳɣ
㣿Цŵͷ˵ˣһûȥӷ磬˵Ͼ곤ֱδ̫ˣĪ˳¸Ըʶ䣬ҲûˣǲŹκһѹǱĻᡣ
ԭˡǱͷûԷƣֻ°ѹֻͬȥӪ֪Ѫ¾Ͳˡ
ۿǱƲƲ죬ӪǱòǻǲҪˣʡϵþˣӪڿ֪ԭίǺ硣
û˵꣬ͱˡ
ĵܣҪϻˣ·ǱŲӣĿбӣֱӳ߹


055 Ӫ
ھԺӳʱ俵ı鲻̫ڣ֮ǰǱǺ˼䣬ﲻ̹ɼˣһ·ϣʱʱΧ֮񣬵е㽻ˣʿụ̃ǳ¸ʹӣЦԶԣԷҲЦӦ
ٺá
٣ϴζա
٣пɣŮΡյȣ˶һȦ
俸磬кЩûǽˡ
үȥӪ˵ʮþȣҲҪעⰲȫţɶŸ칦ǣ
٣Ǽصظ˼٣ҪȥӪ⣬칦ģ

ֻ俵Цһ仨ǱĲɢ
ƽȺµ˺ɫģûʲôã滺黹ǲģ׵ĽȻ
ţĿͶ˵ǰеĳǱڿԷûκηӦһ˿ͷ
װװװ˰ɥȮӦĽǣȻװһߣˣµ˿Ӫһ˵ıˣʱ򣬿Ƿֵܱƽ
Լļƥһ·нܿ쵽˴еĿĵءӪ
ӪڣһЩͨ˾ۼš
ڿ֮Ⱥ̻ǹΪģֻǾӪصأ̤룬ֻܺפر飬ͣھӪӪڡ
俾ʾ⣬鵭ȻƮݣд֮硣
һܶʱ׶
תǱһɫⲻ֪ʱǱһ
ԵǲֻǸúݳһ㣬δЩţ˵ôӵ϶˲£СӦֻһе⡣
Ǳͷ䣬Ⱥһ̫Ȼžડһڵأؿڣһʹɫų鴤£žˡ
˵ĻʱС˺ܶࡣ
üͷ΢壬չϸһƱɫԸһǰȥ̽顣
˵ߣҲ鿴ֱӴӻȡһֽԵһꡣ
ӦɵӵܣĹԣڿֽʱȫϲɫһץϹлҲϵɡ
˼״һеضֽͶĽ֮ɫ
ҲĽӴӪȻзݣ
ųһ£Ⱥٴλ׶ɵصӰ̼䱻ȸԾȺڵסˡ
ֽʲôǱɻţɾӪ߳СУӪģҲʱɻС
ӪϽ
ľϵʹϪפİǰ߹ͳϽЭơ
Ӫʵȴǳ¼ҵ˽ʿԿƣڳС
֧˽˵Ϊ˱һֱĺͶάӪȣ׼佨ԱΪǧˣʵʾԼŰ١
СУţǱͳȺ˼ӪڽУžʽǰӪص㡣
ӪأƬֱǵһأλӿɴԱ߸ǣһƥһԽ֣ʱ㣬ǳʱޣ㱻̭
СУŴӪ̡
ֺУգӣΪʮһٲһʮٲٲӪ䣬ߣһٲ߱ɹأ߿ɵΪʹ͡
Ǳ֪Щض˵ԼģһֱסݣԴӪ֪֮ꡣ
һأִӪλӴպ󣬿ѡһȻ󴩹֡ǰʿɣһ飬Уʮ㣬ʮأʮɵñнʮɵõҩͣǴȫʮ㣬ɵһ
˵СУһ񣬵ⴳӪرЩλͳԳ棬ΪӮߺأ
ӪΪ¼˽ͳ֮Ҳͳ¼ҹϵǳΪǳĶӣ׵ʦܡ
û뵽ж⽱еҩй⽱澪ˣұֻ贳ӪүүҪ˽ܶⲻҪģⴳӪһͶ벻СѶҲ򵥡
ʹԽʢԽ֤ԵõԽ˵ӪѶȼ
ţǱһԵΧ˩żƥëɫ⻬һߴ󣬱֮ھֵ֪ǿ϶١
סԼУǱû̫󣬿ɹԼ·ӼʶҩڽȱģģˣһԪЩϵƷû˻Ӷࡣ
ֻϧҵһ㣬Ҳûֱֻӵİ취ˡǱ룬Ųӣƥ
ǺǣʱѡٺãҲܲġһԵĳ˽ƥǣ˹ֱӷװ˵ţóǱ
ǱߵΧǰͣ˲ӣ̽״
ģ
̧һţ̤Χϡ
䣡
ǱʱĽ侪ˣһδȫĸߴΧҲ˩ŵĿһܾ
ţˣǱһ۶һƥΪƽս˻ֻƥվ͸¶֮߰ɫߡ
Ǳ˵߹ȥǣϡ
һ̣ƽս͵̧ǰ㣬
ҲǱһȣ̧֣һͷϣ


056 
ˣ
ײƣشҴ档
ϣɣ
˻ǰأӴӾȻ˼òײվ𣬾ʹ˺ҧǱͷת䲻ľֱһУ
ˣ
ǱģһƵȥ̺ľɼҲ°սĳɳմͷԡ
£սƽǱ֣ͣȻһεδ𡱵һԵıܡ
Χļʿ·СУԼ俺ʹǾ㶼ԭء
ǳ俵ˣ뿴ǱЦû뵽ǱǼƽһƥѱˡ
ǱԲĿ⣬ѡһȴûͳ뿪ܡ
Ĳѡͷɻѯʳ
ûգѡʲôǱĻشһ
ҲԣǱһǰֻϾССھ֣С죬ѧ伮Ҫ˵ѧˡЦĹ
һֱڳ¸ɳԴöȾ߲óǼǧ谮ѹǰգ
Ǳ˵үүѪףȴ죬䲻үүѪȴǳ¸˾үˣ
һˣ俶ٸпͨʲôǱĲ쾡ɢһ֣ǰƶȥ
·СУһ֣ʱԶһ¡¡޹
Ľ
Ǿ
Ǳʱȼޡ
ݣ
ƥͬʱڳǱ˾Ȼϰ벽кƱ㱻׷ϣϳȥ
Ǳһ㣬ǿӪƽڣ鲼ľһЩϰӣһı۹ȥҪ＼
ۼţǱͳ֮ľԽԽԶ
ͷ˳ǱһۣЦߣڲһƽ¼үᲢۣǹӵܾܲͨһƽ񡢼Ҳ棿
ͨ㣬俲ڿǱ׿ڴӪأһ·ƽأ֡
ʱ䣬ֻҪٿصõҲ㹻;·ֻ꣬ҪܣΧ֦;ֱǰǾü
ͬڳ俵ǱڼʱȷѣȫµĴܵսһ춯һȥҲʧȥƽ⣬Դ˵·ߣԵҲȹٶȽ֮ľ뿪ʼС
俱ǰȻᷢ仯ΪǱֻöԷĿѾﵽ
ʣµľǸʦ²ηասĺӡҪǱγԱȣЧѣ׵УǴЦԼֳڡ
⡣
һƬտгһ̨
̨ڵ㽫̨ʱУϣ췢ɼ
̨ǰĿյϣվŰʿ䣬һ飬ſһУΪӪ׼
ʱ̨˼ɡɡΡ
ӺһŮվԽ̸š
С죬һ¡
˵ģһžӣӻһ˫¶ֱϲ˽յļ顣
ǿӪͳ졢Ķӣ
ԣվһͬװ꣬òǱЩ񣬿ȥüϡйɲӢ֮
ǳǱø磬Ϊ죬ǳѪף¼ӵеڶ
һ깰񣬿еʦӵĴǸ֪˭˵Һǰйһ֮Եء
ۣȣ壬һѹӵģɳӪ룬ֻЦЦûĹά
ҲΪ⣬վɫ
˺㾹д󣡡
û죬ʱԵŮŮüĿ㡢ݰףһпľ磬ŮװĲõľװ½ǴŽߣ͹ˣһӢˬ
¡ŮЦЦ
ҲȻһЦһ̬˸ȻŮٻѵǣƽʱΪЩưҪҲǡУ֮Ա
ŮΪٻݷͬһ㣬СŮ顣
ٻһٿתԶֳڣе俵Ӧÿ˰ɣ˵δӪǱҲμˣ
ûС俺СǱμδӪ
̫ˣ俵ҲͰˣǱ˳嶯ǴӪҲӦ򳡵أ׼ֺٳ֡ٻüͷǰػ˵ɵ쳣һ˵˿ô죿Ǳܺò׻һˣɲ
İɡӦùǰأ͵Ƕһ£ƽʱֻܾںݣӪߣҲкô
ȤٻʵٻӪգ֮ǰû˴ȥ
ٻûӲˣæӵӪգܹߴڣСٮٮֱʮ㣬˱н
Ŷ˾񣬡ٻ֣λֵܶȥˣ˲𣡡
˽̸ʱԱϵһȼѾȼ
ԶУĴ磡
ףȻҲˣûᣬһҪúñ֣俼֣Ŀת䣬Զ̨ϵӰ۵ףʱ˼ƽϣ٣תͷһԵİг˹ȥ
ʱ
εδ
һд
ţףʱɫ䡣
һôˣ


057 ȼ
ͳ俵ĴȣǱԵǱ࣬ϵӦǱ֦ˣͷմȾӲݡıȴǼûһ˿
װǻƣǿ֮ĩ
ЦһٱڣŴӱȡ³Ź
ಣ
ΪӰʮеİġ
ü
гܣһЩΧ۵ʿȲ
ղ
̨ϣҲ̾
ֻǸʼ俵ܵʵԶֹˡٻЦһԵҲЦ⡣
ֻг쿴˳ǱҲѹ˵һأһҲнġ
ǰٻҲǱ
Ȼ
һ󻶺֮ղŻҪϲ٣ԭǳ俵ĵڶѾͬ˰ٲеİġ
˰ٲУҲζųѾⴳӪڶء
Ȳͣ£ҡ

һһ׼ȴһʮİӡ
ž
аУ΢΢ƫġ
ܵĺȲȴûͣЪһʮİӿɲеģ˼֮⣬ҪЩ
俽ȷʵڵٲӺǼȥѾջҡҡλεĲ˰ӣմ˰ӱԵ

ΧȻ˶Գ俵һɼ־ȵ˵ˡ
俵ܺҺ͸ĳɼҪãûеİУٻһԵҲһϻοģ
˫۷Ŀ˳信
΢΢üǴЦ
һеİѣûмԵУ𹭼߾˫֣⣬ϵϲԽȷʵˡ
ǣҲһأֱƵһԣճأʾǱǰ
ҵҪȡķĿ֮£ôճ
Զ̨ϵҲ˳Ǳֻһ
Ҳǳ¼ӵܣôûùӳʵ
⣬϶һ˿ȻǸոֵʱʧˣȥһ
ʧ䣿ϲ죬ǱĿ¶һĨӡ
Ǳסأܾϰ䣬ҲпԭġٻӵǲһȡԼĹӣãһĹ俵ܵţǱš
ֻû£ΧͻȻһȻŵһгʮİϾͶһ
ô£ٻֻ˵ûʼĩֻǷߵļ˶ԭأ־ݡ
Ǳջ֣һ¼
ʮ˵൱ǰʮףٲİӾ൱һʮˣҪһ㡣ǱţִӼȡһ쿪˼ӣȻ󡭡
˦
ұۼ˦
һ˲䣬ݣ󣬽м͵˦˳ȥ
ڰջһȺСߣȵĲ˰ٲеİġ
Ա߿Ϸĳɫ԰һ£ˡ
һΣٻǿԵɣ
þ˵ı׼׼ͷҲ̲סгЦ⣬ܵΪǴгš
ǰ׼ɱùѶˡҲ˸пСǱǶ˹ǳһ
ùǼ͹ܹұʱķǱ˿ֱֱ۱ǶȣȷʵӾˡ
ǱҲ֮٣ȷʵô׳ǹȴо飬˵ģɽͽĴգдһ֮¡
ЧǱ˦˦֣ĿͶ˵Уһʮ
һʮ൱ڶٶʮס
˼ţǱȡһȻİУҲ䣬ϰкʤģǿݣܲű˵ϸ߲㣿
ৣ
˦ӰһεĶһʮİϡ
һĻ俶ʱɫǺ죬ղĵûаģ¾͵ڱǱԽˡ
ܱѼžһϢóǱ񣬴ӶѵõһĻ
Ǳȴ΢΢üоһʮѾЩǿˣҪ׼ͷҪ֤̣ڵϻã˫ȻˣǴʱϣܳܵľм޵ġ
ˣһˣǵֲ׼Ƶ
ͷǱһ۾ԶĵĿӣִӺȡһ֧Ȼ󻺻չֱۡ
Զɫ粻ĳҧųǱʧܡ
ҲЧǱұһ˦۵ʱһ̱档
ãһ
ϧ졢ٻϧ
ƫƫʱʧǰ㣡ȻˣǾͲ׷׼ͷˣǱһ׼ͷҵͷһݣ˦еֱϣһٵһ졢һֱ΢ǣ


058 Ǳѡıǡ


ȫľת˲ӿ硢ۣĥѪѪҺ΢΢ڣǱֱ΢ǣƤѪΪ
ϣǱм˲ֶ
ˣ
ƿպХ̶
˾ɫ䡣
ಣ
糤磬תײ˵İеıԵ

ײľʰ棬ͷϵľı
ѣ
ꡣ
ľƼеıԵըѿǸ˸ı˷з򣬿ȥƾˣȻԽһٶಽľ룬ײ˵ϣ

ľβ
֧ûģֻǲ˵еıԵȴû˳Цһ㡣
ÿ˿ǱĿждЩ֮ɫʿڰԴұۡ
ҡǱһվڸղżη˦г̫ķʧǰ㣬óǱ׼ͷȫʧһУֻǼӴȡ
һУбߡ
ܶ˻عһ
û˷ȲʣֻһСţʱĿӳǱ
̫ˡ̨ϣٻ仰ڳˣǳĬ
һᣬŵͷƳһۣɫ
гϣСУǰ֪ͨǰأСУǱĿźȻ
ôǱתͷųһеİʿ䣬Щʿ伴Լͳ俱ʱǾԭأûѵصľ
ΪСӪʶŪôƣⱾҲЩȨƣֻȴ޹ء
ţǱĿԽʿ䵽˺ĸ̨ϣδ򡢳졢ٻӹ
ġ
ĿסˣͫȻ
λӡ

ǱȫµĽ˲ȫĺëը𣬼׵磬ܾè㣬һĶͷҲ𽥼ɫǷ˵ĳ졣
ţҧһһٵĴ³֡
Ӣ

һཻһԴ
˱У͵صʿ佻֡
һȺ󴳹ǰ㡣
Ҫͨ˹أнϴһʿ䡣
Щʿ䶼ǾϸѡÿٶϢΪмѹͨһţÿһ㣬ζرͲ֣ܳҪͬʱӦĸˡ
߲ͬѰߣϰɳѧͬʱҪѧվϣվѧأǳɱ
ԣ³ͨ۷壬ߵĹǲ˿⡣
ôǱٻǿţټϳ˼ֱǳ裡ҾԲ䣡
ţ俵ĽԽңһ׳¼ҽʹˮ谭Լʿˣ㣡
俵ܣģ
Զ죬һźλѽȽ
û뵽ӪˣǲûϡףôǱҲ⣿֮󣬴λֱ˵̨һʱ˳Ǳ
ȽǱ⣬һ·ͬУҲʶ
Ǳ˵ͷɫ࣬üͷ΢΢ƺ˼ʲô
ʲôҲ俵ܺȲʵ𣿡̤ϸ̨˺໥Ȼʳͷʡ
ʲôǱҲӪģҸ˵һԵٻȥͳߴߴʱ͵͵ųǱ
ʱ
ţȻһ
ž
ڴĳ俺ͣڱһĴ󵶺󣬾Ȼһģгַɳתŷɵһԣ档
ʱŴʮ㡣
ôᣡ俿ſ˵˫֣һš
俣Ӫʧܣ
俵ʧˣⲻܣһľȣ;߱˴ӪʵֻΪүүٳôʧܣ
ЩĬӴȣ΢΢ȶĿӳתƵ˳Ǳϣע⵽һֱԼԳСҲ̫⡣
̾˿Ըʿȥʧǵĳ俴ӱȻ˵ʿ滻
ˣȥóǱӪɡ
һ£СУǰȥߴ١
Ǳ΢΢۾ߴջأ䵽һԵıϡ
Щʿɵ̣һֱ쵽㽫ֻ̨Ҫһ·ȥ̨̤ӽӽӢˣֻǿղų俵ĴأЩ˵Ϊߣս죬ò֮йءศѲĺܣһн̫̣ǿܾҪ¡
ţǱʼѰϱ
ҪһֱӵıԱ֤һ·ͻĿڵìǹȱɨ䵽ϡ
ΪʺˡǱ߹ȥҪȡ۽ٿĶȻͣ¡
Ǳܴأ
ųǱȡУٻȽСֹǰԣû˸ҼСƳǱ
ֻɲֻƾеģҪмɡҪʱаաڳ俴ӪʧܹڻԳǱûɵĸеһ˿⡣
Ůӽ̸֮ʣǱѡ˱
ûдӱѡߵһԵɳʯϣָԾһ
ʯ
ʯаٽϡ
Ǳ˵ģÿһٽ
ϵĴ˦ϣǱҲ˾ȣһһٽʯŲı
ܶķǰʿ乹ɵġ̣


059 ̫ˣ
ˣˣˣ
۽ҵĵţֱڵĹ΢΢ĦǱʯܶÿһ̤ȥһ졣
һʼٶȺźͱ֮Ĳ̣ǱıٶӣŲҲԽƵǳʱĵ㡣
ˣˣˣˣˣ
ƣǱıٶԽԽ죬˫۱޴ʯŲҡΣʯζǱ˽н죬˵һʿǰ
ʿѲ˾ݣΪʿְ𣬻Ǳ̧ܵе
Ǳ嵽ǰڶ
ʯ֮
ϣ
ϣ
ʿĵȺʯײһ𣬶ʱбᣬֻеϵһ𣬸һɰת˲ײԼϡ

ͬʱƺһ˫أƼ߷ȥǱǽ²ֱͣһ
ιιʲôʽ
㽫̨ϣһŮĿɿڴٻʶš
ǵ߿ȥԽǱһһ
˫ָһʯѸޱȵĳ嵽˵һʿĸǰҲ٣һڣʯײʿеϣķ˱УײڶϣֱӴߣԡ
Ǳͣһ͵ǰһڣϵʯ˦ڶʿɨҶһײ
ʯ˦ҲųǱתſתԲǰ壬嵽ʿǰʱѾתһٰʮȣŵʯ˳ɨ

ƺߣʿҲʯɨط
ǱԲͣ˫۰˦ʯɨ˵ƣ˳ʯƲƫۣʼձǰķ
һ·ǰУǰʿһֽһ㣬ʯײɣһʱ䣬㽫̨ǰǡɢɶӰ
̨ϣ˫ĿԲɣһŭǱδ̫ˣǴӪأȻ
ʦضŭ쿪ڵʯÿнٽĺޱײϣ㲻ҲҪϣ㿴Ǳײʿһ˵ʹһ˵ƿȡ
̫ˣȽ˫ðؿš
ٻͬðʣǴʲô⣬˿Աߵӣֳ˳ǱСֹȻǱҺβɴʡװǻơ
ǵҡȴǲɫ
ڼɫ֮ʣǱƾ˫һ·е˵ڶʮ㣡
һϵʿ䣬ΪΪھҲ鳤֮ΪҲѽӽͨ㣬ΪӴӪߵͻѶȡ
£ȴԱֳ˿־֮ɫ
һ̣Ǳɱұһ˦ʯɨ˺ıҷɿȥǱֱ
ڶʮأǱӪɹˣ
һĻԵȴûֳ֮ɫ
Ҳ͵ΪֹˡδڵҡҡͷгǱĵʶʯΪһĳɱأȷʵƷǷֻʯϾأƽȻ޷󣬶ĸܳƵڶʮķ˵ȫƾһڻ˼ޡ
ɣٻתͷ
Ϊӡ֤ӵۣǱڳ˵ڶʮرʱ򣬺Ȼģӱ˦ʯбǰı̵
һĻٻ̲ס
ҡһȻһоյģ
ֻûע⵽վ̨ĽͷȽȴۿϱרעڵȴʲô
棬͸÷Ѫ˰ɡ˵ţЩ΢Ĳʡ
䣬̨˾Ϳ·ЩʧȥƽĳǱȻ˫һ٣ŵأȻ»ָƽ⣡
ţ˫ֵٿһǣָԭѲƿصʯȴֱӲ˻ȻһϮĵϡ
ɽ롣
һʯϣײϣǰ谭Ǳٴγǰٶȱ֮ղŻҪϼ֣
ˣˣˣ
ײǼʿ䱻ײ÷𣬳ǱһٳƵʮ㣬ŵʿԵۿųǱֵתӿ
ʿӣǱһƽ
û뵽ǱѾѪʲôʱ飡ոճǱֽϷӲ˫ۡ
һǰʱǷ̥㣬һʱ䡭Ҳľѡ
䵽˽ȽУ˶ʱͷһĻ
ĪǱڣ㣬һٳɾѪ
ɫƽסȣɫݡ
˰ľ֮ʣһ̶ҵƿȻ𡢴
ˣ
ţ˶ȥֻһ޴ʯϮʯɹ˵ķ˿
䣡
ݺǶ˵㽫̨ʯУ氼ݣ
ӿǰϵľ޴ʯɫ粻Ŀƶǰ

㽫̨ǰ˦һʯĳǱѵʯȣˣſ䡣
һʱ䣬ǱԾϣվ£˫Ŀӣ̨ϡܹǱߵһĨЦݡ
пЦݡ
ˣ
˫䵽̨ϣʣµʯ˳ǰ
Ʈɢ
Ǳֱӣ̨£һſڵ϶ʿ䡣
ֻһ¡


060 ȫɵҩ
ʹصܣһɳϷеһЩͼվ
ΧһЩɢı·أǿ㽫̨ǸӰĿ¶߲Ѻ;η
Զжӵͨʿѻȸ
˵߶Ͷͬһص㡪
㽫̨
̨ϡ
Ǳվֱӣ˦˫֡
žĹǽۡд
̨ɨЩ϶ٶЩɫδ
գǱĿ䵽λҡȵϡ
ӢǱѿ죬¶˰ɭɭݣЦӣҪ߹ȥ
ܣҪ嶯
һӰڳǱǰְ̧ļϡ
硣Ǳ˵ͷ
ʱҲξѰ㣬ֱվ˳ǱӢм䣬ڵСǱû뵽һ겻ΪˣνһˣδӪɹҶʦ˼ҿһһʮʿϵ̨ԼõҩȽͣȥȡɡ˼óǱ£Լһ뿪
ǱŲδضӡ
ĬɫƽٿأȻһЦṴסǰʯżһٽʯȻλһץҿ˿
ʯɲ鿴ģһһ
һĻǱ۾ﰵ˼Ӣ˿Ϊ֪һ֣ûʤ㣬ȴ˵أǻȥƻһ
ڴʱһԵĳĵͷڳǱߵܣȲҪ嶯ӢΪѪڲ۷壬ǿɵĸͽŵĵմӣһʱ嶯ܿϿɣ
ɡմӣǿɡǱ׽ųĻϹž޲
λһʱʧˣûкҩԵġ
ӵ˵ʯ˹߱ߵ֪ǺˣɳӢ쿴ٻϣҲƽϣҪסû´ˡ
˵һԵ򣬵ˣԺټ
ﵭһɴȨյС
Ǳŵ۾ﾫâ˸ԺһЩԶ䡣
ͬˣƵĻԼļֻѪĸ׶İ׷һУǰǰͣ
һŨҵϢӳǱڶ𣬵ɢ
ţǱüͷ䱸һֱʲôŵĸоӰΣԼ춯ͻǣ򣬺߾ͻԥĳ֣
ָоʲô۽ӦòǴƵĸӦʦҴϵĻϸܵĪǡ

ֶļ䡣
λʦҲΪҲҪ˵ˣгֵ˼ͻᱻѹ
˼·ǱɨһۣҡҲǱ;Ӫ
ǰͬСҶѲ;Իھƹʲô΢ãϷŮҲ֪ǰʲô㡣Ҳգ˶ӣһʱӢȳݣʱӦ뿪
ţǱ̧֣һ񣬺߶ʱһ
СǱȥȡбСҩ͹Ͱɡһ˵һѣȸѣĹ⹦ΪƷ̫ʺˣϾûϵС˹Ѫ׼㡭
Ļδ˵꣬ͱһɳƵ˻дˡ
ҲǱʹֶΣԱַأƾʲôܵõͣ
̨¡
кţ֣ɫͨ죬˲ޡ
գȻùֱ֣죬Ӧֱӱг֣Ϊλܺúõվ
δ䣬һϸӰಡһ߲˿Ʈ
ԭأëէﾯ׷ԣȻֽٺĸоתͷ󿴣Ȼߵĵϲһ֧硣
ս׼һɱˣʱˣɻеطԹǱջ֣ҼΪֳվͽһ䣬ۣɱ˺ͱ䲻ͬ˾ˣûԩ
ԱԣųǱϵĮɫииӡ
ͳ俶Сڳ¸ſ֣δۣΪɾ֮ͣ̾󾡿ȥãֳţ»ĳϢ
ʱųǱϵֵĮ˾ͷһ󼹷
ɱŨң¶Ǿɱ¾ʧĵı֣ǱвˡԸԼʿͳȥ俣˼ţ£˵ӴС͹ִѵԶ¸ʼճɾޣôʱһ꣬ȴ仯ȥҪ˽һⷬȣ¸ⲻҪһ籩ˡ
ӢͳǱһҵĶԹȻ֪˴һ³Ҫ£Բĥ䣬ԴųǱǰȥѡ͡
뿪㽫̨žӪȥ
ʦƥ֮ҾͲҪˣһ䣬ҪЩãɴȫɵҩˡ
ʱ̣Ǳȴ㲻׼ã¶ӢǰԷܿ̽ԼϸҲȫ޿ܣõķӢþǰͰ
ݣȻǱͳ¸ϵѵһЩ֪Լлɳˡ
ʱȣԳǱܷŹκǿԼĻᣬҩȻǶơ
ȫɵҩǹҲһ¡
ֻƷҲɵҩǱеļƷ㹻ѧλƷ뵶ʽԹʱߣҩͲͬˣһ뷨Ҫ֤ϧֻһԪ˷ѡ
ãȻˣҾȫɵҩɣԭΪƷḺ́⣬Բ㣬ţ˵ţһʹı顣


061 г
ӪȻӦľоͰ˵ҩóΪӪ͡
ҩ۲ϼֵҲͺ޼ϵرѰҺҪϲСĹټгʧĿ١
ϡΪҩļ۸ҲߣЩмУȨ˼ҽ֣С̱Ԫ
̱Ͳ̲Ԫ˵ľѡ񣬶̱ǼֵƣڵĳǱҲôΪֵҩڵＴеʱ򣬼ӹߵѪ֯Ӽͣʡȥٴ򰾹
ԸһóһẔ́Ų˵ǽɵҩ۶֮ļֵ࣬ȷʵǴѪǱ΢΢ݡ
˾ٲΪ˽ͳǱǰԭվ̨ϵӡ
ӺͳǱг
ճ俽гǱǰʱ⣬ǱΪֳϵѪ޼սʸý֮¸
Ǳǡ¶㡱򷴵ûЩˣǱǳ¶㣬Ӫ岻ȥ̸㽫̨
Ȱѡ
꣬ӢѹˣʹϳլţӢΪֺӣԳǱٰ֮衢Ź򣬸¶ƣȺֱ񲣬ʼͣҲǾ˷֣ͣ£һֱȺ
ӹһǱȻңе״Ĳʡŭ
߿԰裬ǳ߳жԷʼϲڡȫޣ֪˱Ծ
ˣΪܲ
ʵпᣬƴ󣬳Ǳ޷Ψǿѹĵףգա
˵ǱһӲԽ䣬ѹǣЩ侮ʯǱһҽн룬粻ǳ¶Ͷϵ
龰ⱾˡǳĵӣкʸȥȰǱͷޣ
ֻܰ
ǱҲ˼ͷʾܡ
֮˿ԼӪǲˣġ
ǰǱƽݣС³ޣҲ޷¡
¶ҹܲˣӪ漰شǣһȫܳ£ϪαĻɡ
˼мͳǱţʦŵһҪҽλȥͻᱨ˼ҡ
ʦˡǱףӪһսǣ׺ֿӢһۣͽȽ̸Цһš
ҶϷ䣬˳ĺϷÿһ򿤸Ҫͨӵȥ͹ݡݡ΢״ѰơϷ衢ѹݹʼʩʱײ׿ֻһ·ϲ֪ٺ˼ҹͳͷú˻ѰʱҲӦڰš
ҡҡͷǱջĿ˼Ӫ
̨ϣ⽻̸ŵӢ΢ɲüͷ˲޲
ԭӱɳݴʷĹӣʦʱ㣬˵һΡ
ͷȽƺӢ֮仹Щ飬̸
ԣٻתţ֪˼ʲô쵹ûչȥһԣϱƽ
˲֪ǵ־ٶԱԶļ˫۾˸һ
Ӧþͽ˰ɣ˵ıȡģΪΪ̥Ϊ̽鵽ʲô
ϻֻһˣɽ֣ү϶Ҫȥ̽ģʱ飬Сһδûпɳֻ֮ǵĿȻѱʶƣͽඡ
˵Щͷࡣ

ｻ̸ţ⼸һתȥӪ
ʱš
ӪĻ漰սɢȥ
ǱŵҩʱӢѾȥʱȽͳҲ뿪ֻʣ¶ٻԭء
ֵܶ˽̸˼䣬ǹϲǱӪɹֳһﰵʾʱҪ嶯µȳ֮ٴӳ顣
ģäĿ֡ǱͷβͬǱ𣬲ʧ򲻵ѣҪȫպ󣬲Żж
οصͷ뿪ˡ
ٻ㣬ʲôô
ĿͳӪǱתԻԵٻʵ
ٻЦǱܰû뵽ôˣ֪ҾͲȥӢæˣǼһһֱͼǸʮʮαӣ
ٻ˵źȻһתѽأӪ˶ӣϸ˵ȥҵŰݷãϸ̸
԰գҲһͷˮĳǱֱת̨ȥ
µһ·̳Ǳҡҡͷ
ٻ㻹ģðʧٻ黹˽⣬ҲΪ⣬ֹţСУӪȥбȥʱ֮ǣ
ʱʱӪ˶ԳǱ̬Ա仯·СУҲ֮ǰƽԵЩԳǱԽһ̧֣һ߲ڡ
ǱипţҪأͱչֳ㹻ļֵǰĪˡ
ȡʿְݱ𣬳Ǳһ֣εδӪš
ӪſʱȻҺԼӵĻ
үˣкãһɣ


062 ļ
ӸǼЦɫҪȾˣҲԼʲôݣ
俵ıǰǡžһ졣
Ǳķǳñӳǰһƽġ
ܣΧһڡ
Щ˾ۼӪ⣬ԭΪ˸俺ȲʣɴӪ׳ٵģδϵ俾Ȼʧǰ㣬ûдӪɹһֱĳǱŭǳ
ȺЦӭջõǳ߳ŭ˻𣬼ݵƤʢŭ֮»ˣˣ˻ڨЦţ¶־֮ɫЦӭ
ЩŹְһĻǱ۾˼֮ǰӪʱ俶µһֽ
Сܵǲ١һſֺõЦǱĳֲ²⣬ȴе̫ĵҡҡͷЩ£һ뿪
俳ԹĿ⣬綾߰㶢ųǱԶȥıӰ
ʱԵĸ޹һתǰڳԵ˵үǱ뿪кʵǷֲԼݣԼǳ¼үء
ŭʤһӣµһһӳ˹ȥ˵ʱƤһԡ
үҵи뷨޹żִս֣ӣҩǳǱ£ͷͣȻҲͰˣΪҩ϶ΪʱѪΣһ
ţ俶پǰһ漴üͷⲻ̫ãǱմȾҩ϶ֳǱ¼˲ˣΪ
޹ǳ俵ĸԼӵʲôԺɵ˵үģǱһ¼ұԵˣƽ˳¼ҴլҲʹȥռλ˭⣿˵ˣʱҩүúαװܷ
Գһͷãnã˳ңóǱɥȮЧ¶ȻģǾͽˣʧ
ǣ޹ŵͷӦ£һΪӷǵģ
صͷؿһܵȺޣس¡

ǱصھԺʱʰöٴ·Ǳкһ˹
ǳݡ
ôʦ֣Ǳɻ
ʦܣֵ̧ݸ˳Ǳһֽ
Ǳùֽһݣɫһ䣬üͷ΢΢ʵǴĵģ
Ǳ֧ϵģûз֮ˡ
ģļ飿ǱҡҡͷһɫĹİʦ֣ݣǺݣûµġɱ֮ƣ㻹Ƿ·ɣԬƹǰŵڳȺ˼Ҿõȿɲá
ǡ
õĵģڵΪҲ֪򲻹ܵ˵ģ˵үүҲУû˸µġ
˼룬εص˵ͷСģһǼݣҾ;ϻ
ʦֵܶ໥ο䣬˳ǱȥӪ־˳Ǳóöкһˣڳ·ˡ
˹ˣǱδԺӣͱһະס
Ǳܣ
ٻ˽ҲͰϵ˵ͷųǱ߽˴ãַԸҡغŴ󣬾¶һص̬
ٻ㣬ʲôֱ˵ɣ˾ҲɢȥǱٻһΪҲԸк棬Ҫ֪ٻСֵģٹ˼ʲôСĵΪʵΪ
ڿӪʱͳǱԼټǱǰŻž͵νɴҲ֪ʲô顣
꣡¹ش󣬱ҪС£ٻڷĴһȦֺ߹ڳǱԡ
һɵƮǱС
Ǳܣ֪ݵʷ
ٻΣһص뵱ڴ˵ĦŹǺεȵĻԻͣ򶫸ս쳯ɨٹ֮޲ˣս޲ʤĦƾħС£ɽһԾΪʦεȵ⡭
Ǳڰ֣ˣȦӣ˵⣬Ҫ˵ǰͷܶ࣬ûй㡣
ǵģһ㶼ϡٻҲ۶ǰ˿֪æ˵иҪ鷳ʵҰ֣Ҳǰ鷳
Ǳÿɷ
ٻЩˣҧҧݣˣȦˣȫˡģҷһżڣôһΣգҪǿ֣ԭӢǼһģڼȻǱΪǵȻͲܱˣæȽϿף
żڣǱ΢΢ЩȤҪ֪ѧ֮ѭ򽥽Ҳ֮ŻԵͻͽġ
ݾŷա
ҹƣʮа˾ĦŹżٻ˵ţ֪֪޵УԣǸʮǰ˿ɵľ֣컯˵ʱڵһĦż֮󲻹꣬ͻͽֱ죬һһĸ֣Ǳܣĺô㲻Ҫô


063 Ħż
ȻأǱĻﲻ
ǱƲ̫⣬ٻ˶ţһתָһĳģ
Ҳˣ俵ȥӪҸɽҪץЩޡЩĵرͻȥʽӪһ˵ҲʲôҲ˺Щϡ⣬ҶŷŪЩ˾񡣡
ٻüһأ˭֪Եɺϵķżڣ䣬ֻһв뵽ȥѰҰ֡
˵⣬תͷʵ˵Ǳ׼ʲô񣿰ʮٿǼ£
Ǳ΢΢˫ۣ˼
Ȼĸ׻˲˴ӲԭļƤЩݱָųָǱóǱݳ¸ܻϧѪʮ־޴
ֻЩԳ¼ھ˵ϡݳƷڳ¸˵νϡƽǱԴҲԼΣδ˼ȥѡƷֺñҡ
ע⵽Ǳϵı飬ٻһЦӣӦû׼ʲôӡ̵ɣͬżҵĶ֣Σ
ƺǾԼĻ˵ٻֲһ䣺ĦŹԲʿħ£ҴеġֻؾĪ湦ɼʢҲ㻹ҵһЩ伮ͳǱС죬֪ǱܸȤ򶯳Ǳ
ż﷢ʲô룬ǱʵȻΪĦп׻ãǰ˵ģҲǼٵġ
ǱȻ㼸ߵƷ˼ţܷżõһЩԼȹѹأ˸ղյֽ
żٻԱΣʵҲ̫ҵʱֻڼʿ򲻹˳ݸֺϼЩ˼
ʿǱ˫Ŀһ˵˶
ǵġٻͷȻ΢ǼһһףҲȭŹ򡢵ǻˣѵˣ
򲻹жʵʲôˮƽǱʵ뷨
ţ˵޴Ҵ򲻹ǱͷԵģҲץסңʵҲѪڲĳ̶Ȱɡٻһ߻䣬һ˵
Ǳͷš
ڲ㣬Ϊ൱ٻΪԺƵĿӦò̫󣬱ϾҲûܵˣɼͻʿʵ಻̫ţӦǸֵĺѡ񣬾żջ񣬽֣Ҳʧٻ㵹ǵһððʧʧľ͸Ҳż˿·ʲô⡣
ţǱ˶ơ
ðɣҴӦż
ģٻϲ̫ˣ֪Ǳ㲻᲻ҵģţȺúϢմӪӦĲСɣ㣬Ȼһͬ̽ż
򵥽˼䣬ע⵽Ǳƺб飬ٻ뿪ڴ򿪷ʱȻתͷ˵ˣһ֣ʱʶ䣬߳䣬ȥˡ
ôˣĿɲ̫λλүϵ̾ҪֹǱֹţپڴˣǹţӻȡֿһۡ
û뵽ļҾȻ׷ˡ
ϺȻд仰
ļҳķɼΪѴ۷壬ɵմӣ
ļҼܣĿ˶ΪΪѪ㣬ʦܣ
˶˵ݣӷѣ׼
ķɼĿ˶
Ǳ׽֡
ļֵˣˣ϶зϣϴ¶ôĿ˶ϸӵҲˣֻɲ꣬ʲôɻ䣬ڿɻͳڿˡ
Ǳüͷ
ɰɣԭܵУڿ⿪ɺļҵĹϵͬһ㣬ϵܣҪǽȥˣҪһĻɴѹ־
뵽һЩи֡
ֻ⿪Ǿܾţķ̷ķɽҲǿͽµķɼĿ˶ͬпɱӢ˶ǿմϸ˵ɵĪ·һɱ֮𡣡
ɵĪ·óᴩǱ粻ǺɫǱʱѾɱˣǱǡ
Ҫǰϧʵ㣬ʵ㹻ھͿɱɽ˺󻼣Ӵ˰䣬˴š
ֽ
ֻǲ֪ͨ籨ŵ˭ʱд𰸣ǱҲͲٷϣ۾ʼ
֮ǰӪʱľ˶;£΢ˣҵЩˣȻҩġҩȥ޲Ų°ˡ󻼡

ֽѾ͹ȥô
ݳڵһҾƹУһ䲼þµĿͷķɽϣǰһĸ
İүѾ͵ҳǱҲѾȥˡĸشš
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˵ãķɽһԹ֮ɫ
ķɼǸҡѹҡңΪǸҲԼǻˣ°ʽĿ˶Ǹƥ򣬴ʼնվķɼǱߣѽǼȻңҵҪҪǶ˳Ǳʲô
ᵽǱ֣ķɽʶĴ˸£һЩѪȻ档


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ڸܵЩ֮󣬳ǱԻϲ
Ȼˣ֮ǰʵʳʱ̦ϣǿζеһ˿УҿӰʵʳʱǿţӰֻһţ׽Ӧ̺Ԫ̫٣֮ɢʧ԰ա
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ҩһǾҩĺĵرɣ̺ԪײɢʧһԣȻץţ
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壬ʵǿֱ߳Ǳܿаأ̤ʶڶĵڶ̨ףʶҲһ
ҩʳҩɢǱڴͼšѹײƤϣܿ͹𡢰£ѭĳֽࡢɡ

ǱĿڱǣź㶨Ľࡣ
أ𵴡γɣڴӷɽһһ˴˺Ӧ

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ɢڳǱڵĲҩ𵴵Ĵ£ʼԾͷųԪԪƮɢѸ
ԪѪ⣬Ѫ׳
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ֻǽհϳԷʱ򣬵ЩڣΪֶĳǱǳһͣȻӡ
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066 
ŮĽëܳ۽΢΢̣һֽĸоСɫĹ󼡷ԻӢ˵ӡ˵ʱüĿһ顣
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ڳǱ˽żŴһģԹѾá
Զһϵ練ͷڣ
ӣվڻʯԵӰʱȭеû뵽ղҲˡ


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ض񡣡
ղӰڰ֣ҵΪͣүӦ£ֻ漰شүδģεĻһֱʣһȥʵڲý
˷ġż򵥣һ̸ֹͨͬ¶ĴݣС֮ǰѽ̽һЩǱھ޴в˴
˵ţ˶٣ЦҼү˼ǣСǶྭһЩ飬ҲĥǱϾܻڻ£˵ˣҲܼ˴֮ĸ飬պҲиӦ
üͷǰ࣬ЭЩ鲻ײ֣£ԣֲܲ档ԣõͨ󣬵һʱ͸
С书Ѫζ
յ鱨ϵͳ죬˽£ȴһÿڣΪء
ɫƽסǰеĵ·
ʱվǵΪٻݻһĿģǾӵĵ
ͻ֮£ԶԷĳ⵽Ρ
ԽԵء
ƫʱһѲʿԶŲͼĦ˼ž
ףǱˣ
ûʿͷߵӰŲļнԼɼ鷨ȡ
ͳ죬ԭ㡣
Ϊڿ˶ݺ˿Ȼȭ񣬿ѯʣ֪ͳǷʲôλǣ
˵˾صأֿլѲ첻˿ģҪʸףºҪֱ˾Էһ
ǺǣѧȫôжԸָƣһڽгѲ֣ҪģִүЩʱȥǰǻɻ󣬿ҽֵܹӡ֤
²ҡѲתͷӣ֪λǡǷҲү
λͣס԰ǳɢģǿ᷿ŷԿ֤ݡеص
ѲҪȥ
ӽδȴ֮ǰСԣҲٻ˽ż֪к󻼡ĻȻǶ˵ġ
ѲȻɻ󣬵ûг嶯һԡ
Цɳݴʷµһʹӣͬʷ֮һͬǰݵģͶ֪˴СĴ㣬Լ̣ҼүУδ˲ġ
Ļ䣬ܵĵȻ΢΢

䲻ңȴͻأӰķΧҲСһţǼվ¶
𶯣е¶һĨɫôͷ˲ʿ㣬ƽôҲѵá
ڸܵ𶯺ע⵽ϵı飬̾˿ģҼϵּ¶ֻǹʣ֡
䣬һѲȥˡ
ԶȥıӰЦһ浱Ҳ֪ĴôֶֻǽڣҪû̽Ѱزɣϧϧү⼸ǱãҺѵ֮ˣȥһʱƬ̾ܿƶߣ
䣬ת»صǿ鰵ػصʯԱߡ
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ʿ˱ɫĽؼװţӴԡɵڵϣµʯϲ˴ѷ죬΢΢ӵ
һжͣˣˤȷʵЧ
ǰڼʿٻеġʿˣĦŹǼǰĴ棬ż˵ҲİʷеʿȻܻ˻⣬롣
ʱ䵹յʱ֮ǰ
Ǳ˽żûʿö˵ǱԷҲεֱӾ;ȭӭȭŽ档
ԽԽ
ʿ̫졣
ƽǱǹһȭ˼ܳܣ£ҲȻӦǳͣ١ǺֱӱɡٲãҲֽŽֱסһ˲
ڼʿ۱Ǳء༲ȭŴϣû˿Ӱ죬ɻнȭߡ
йأͣ٣
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ֻǣųǱʩչͷһˤڼʿڵʱ״˱仯
ڼʿȭͣ١
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ͣ
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˫նǱĽڼʿӴ˦
ܱȺڼʿСһţͷҲͷֹɴʱ˦ڼʿȴԵúһһ˦һһ˦һһ˦
ܶʼ
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΢ĹǱͺڼʿӰӳǽϡ
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۵
һƵĽײУڼʿͷͷˤˣڵϹ
Ǳɨһ۶Էݣʱɫ䡣
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ŮҲ˳ƿȥһ죬
ǺڼʿϣȻһѪ⹹ɵĳף


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鶯
ڼʿڵϣȥϢȴ΢΢鶯ҳ鶯ķԽԽһʼֻ˫Ŷӵ˫ϥǡ
Ǳɫء
ڼʿˤҵغƣսʿڰδã鶯𽥿ʼƺԿһָǰס
ڳǱɫ仯Ůӡ
ڼʿͷѾ䣬¶Ŀһſȥͨƽףźڰ׷۾ɫԲ԰ף촽ϣ͡
⿴ƽףǱŮеһľ
Ҫ֪ܿеǹɸζ˵涴ߵĹϡ
ٻȻ֪żǰȴڰǰҵģν룬ʿ
Ҳǰδհ
ĬУúȻпò䲻ʮⰵյĵضлģ
Ļûץסģ˸˼׷ףҲû˼ЩȱʧʶĻ
һڳǱͷʵԴͷɵڵϵĺڼʿ
ʲôʿǻˣ
ʣ
һ˰ϵĶѨΪλһȥ겻ʮӣ
ʲôʲô
޹⡢Ӱ˵ĵطһˣҪĥ
ڳǱȭȭĴУΪ˾Ȼ⣬ƺҲû̫ܵˡ
ʱѾˤ̱ڵأȥͷ˼źڼʿϳ鶯ȵ󡢷ΧɢȻ𽥻ָ˻ڿȬһ㡣
ܵղˤɢܶпܣҪ˵Ȭˣ
졢ء
Խ룬˵ɫԽǱ仯ǲԼͬ뵽ǸϵĴ˵
ĦĲţ
УǰĦŹڶսʧ֮󣬾ת֣ɨ򣬿ľĦµһ֧ӡ

˵֧ӲϲĦġ
ֻĦŹ𣬺ܿʧʷ֮УЩҲ񻰴˵
˵ĳǰ
ˣٶδıֳ˵ݣĪǾǴ˵еĲʿ
˵жٶһ˿Ŀ־塢η塣
δ֪Ŀ־壬Դ˵η塣
һֵٻҲǱ鸴ӣȴ֮⣬ȴ͸¶еĲʡ
Ƚˮ䣬¶Щɡ
ãϸŮӣȴƽȻҲоɫǱֳһֺԾԾԣڴ̽յСŮһ㡣
ģ˫ĿеΨһϡ
ǱһֱĬ΢΢ǣ˼ʲôŮ͸˼Ҳֻǿ˵һ䣬סڲԡ
Ů˼죬Ǳ˼ͼ򵥶ˡ
ⲻŵİأǰܲϲĳȻҲδ̫죬Ͼ̹ʶڳȻ˿ԡ
Ǳģؼ׵ġʿ͸¶Ϣ
ѱʶǿڱʱ˲ʮٱֱܷζϸ΢𣬲ζԴڣܴᵽһϢ
Ϣ͸Ϊ൱ҲģԵãֻõϢô֣Ȳǰʿ
Ʈ졢Ī⣬޸ƼԨɲ⡣
ǺڼʿϢǱĸܡ
˵˵Ϣɽ壬ΪԽߣɽԽߡԽʵĻǰĺڼʿǷеӣ
Ʈ죡ޣƲ
Ǳü˼ţڼʿϵϢ˹죬ҲڴˣҶϢĸͷ˵ʵԼųĶȻ⣬ǹģ̫١ĵ伮ޣҼʶ
⣬ǱһȻȥ
·ҳһƬڡ
Ǳͻأһ˿ԤУ·ͨľͷԼҪĶԽеɻ
ֱǻþ
ҡҡͷջתͷŮ˵ȻЩŹ֣һʱƬָ̻жƲǼ룬ǳȥȱ
Ǳûǹ鵶նɱڼʿֻǶԷƳˣ쳣ǲʿôܲɱɱ֮᲻ʲôͻ䣬Ǳ뿼ǵġ
һȥδ֪ĺȱԭ
ȻҪˣҶŮûа;ϵϰߡǱĻٻʱ˾ֻǻȴ΢
ǱͷһοϾԮȻҪ̽ٻڣҲԽ޴ҡ
¼ȻͷˣǱȥ
˵߾ߣҲкǵġٻŮæȥ
˻У롣
ϴνûͱʿסԶͨһ֪ٻСĴţ֪ʲôʱһ˫׵СѾץ˳Ǳ½ಽģü
˺ͳǱ鲻ԲôҲǾ
ǱҲΪ⣬ŮڸĸоͺǰֲƬŮһ㣬־壬ȴ̲סۿģ
ţѵĹͬҲԽխžֻнŲصŮӿĸˡ
ͻȻ
һ紵ѻٿػȻ£

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У֪˭Ľĳ
۵
ǵ˵ϣŵһϡﻩܴ
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ǱŮ˳ͷ󣬵ͺһֽĻѽס
Ůһһ׷ֹסоеľһʱɢȥ
һ¾ͿǱŮĲˣΪ˴в࣬ŮݱֻҪȥܸϵϣ۴䲻ȴҲϳǱ
˵ΡΣûһЩ飬һͻ䣬ʮӲ߳ɡ
ǱҲˣϸشһϵĻѡ
֣ϵĻͲǺľܵĿҲϡϵĻ綼СΪλⷴԽˣǷĹѹһ㡣
ɻ󣬳ǱҲûʱȥĥղһײѾʧˣζžͰȫˡ
еĻѷŵĺܵͣ΢Ļ̽ĵط
ӨӨֻаƴСĵطȴҲС
һ˳ǹǹͨ嶼ǽɡǱƶѣǰȥ˼ɢڵصĵʱ֮ǰ
ŮȻͳǱ̫Զںǿ˵Ͼ
յʱ֮󣬳Ǳƶѽ΢Ļ⣬̽һ
ԭˣ￴һСͱ⣬ʱķȻʱӰ첻󣬿ɱľʵģѱʴղеһ˿ǽϵһ˳ǹײ˱ܣ¼ֱӽ壬ıȫ䣬໥ײ֮£Ӧŷ졣
ڸԵɵͬʱǱҲע⵽һ⡪
Ȼľͷ
֮Ҫ࣬Ǳִһܻ˲ٵĹ򣬴жϳ״ΪԲΡ
ôû·ˣɨˣΪżܾءٻӳǱ
βںŮҲʶͷһʱ䣬־ȥϧӿͷ˿ʼС˽
ǱȴüͷڻܲʿʱﷺԤУܾﲻô򵥡
ƺע⵽˳ǱĳĬŮ̸Сͣ£˵ֻǾСۣŮѾڲ֪УǱΪһˣҲǵڳǱ֮ǰı֡
ǱܣòǵûҵȤɣٻ̽ʵǵԼ˵ǱæʱĽڡ
ʵ㲻õĵģҪǸʿǸʿõջôܹפܣǼֱǡ
ٻĻ˲ŮĹǷȽãϲǷʲôϡ䱦һ㡣
ǱεҡҡͷڱǣЩС˼
һΣΣա
̫ʵѵһΣյıԵҲһ̾ͻ뾫ƣ£ͷ͸Ź죬̽һֲġ
żڼȻڣʮа˾ѾϤˣҲǿΣս٣ŮྭЩ⣬ûţᰲּԻ֡һˣ´ҪٽǲˣǰסλᣬҲżΨһһλᣡ
뵽⣬ڹ˼ɣ˼ۣ˲ɼα
ţ
һǱŻȻζ쳣
ȻֽȻ෴Ϣ
֪УɽϢܣ֮ǰӼϸܵĸΪŨң
һֽȻ෴ġƮޡ޾ԨһϢҲУ֮ǰʿϵϢһޣֻǸΪ
Ϣ˴ۣң·ڣ
ϢԳ˸йǶȻԲģǳǱܹԼΣҲᷢ֡
ζƾɣԴͷ
ǿǱѭϢɢԴͷڡ
ϢԴͷһ
ϢķֲǱƲһǽȥ
ţȻеһ㱣
ˣҪˡǱʶԼйٹãҪݽߵı֡
£ȻѾҵϢĴԴͷҲͲд󣬸æɢȥ˾ۼ˼żӿ첽ż䣬Ǵǽڡ
ףǱܣǷʲôҪ̫찡Դѽٻ˵ţŮæǶԸղŵһŶٻЩµġ
ĽЩŮŷ֣Ǳ֣һǽš
ôѵҲʲôأȽɻţȴ˫ð⣬ȥԾԾԡ
ٻΪֱӣ̤ǰҲ֣ǽ
ָշȥûôƶꡱһɵ

һСӲǽڵĳǱһ£ȻɫŹֵתͷٻͷ
ţǰǽڡǡţƶ¶мһѷ죬ǽں͵Ħ̶ļȻòˡ
һ˿˿ѷ͸¶ѷԽԽ󣬹ɢΧҲԽת۽С
ϰĺڰ˻Щ˫۲ʣŮһʱۣǱֻ΢΢˫ĿԴѷ֮пȥ


072 ̨ϵ
ʯǽֳ룬һȴ򿪵顣
ǽԻش򿪵ģȻңȴܴ󣬺ܿ
ĹԴҵǽڡ桢͸ķۣܡ
ľȻǽڡʯ
ĳܹںڰзʯġǱ۴ţлƽ
Կľ
ӦͻȻֵĹԣŮҲ۾ʱ
ۣƯ

ţ
ҵǽߣһŵĽӣϰڷŸָ鱦Ʒ
еľӨ͸еĹ⻪ĿеĿȥǹ⻬
ʮɫģֻ˿ۡ
һſȭͷСӣǶǩϣһȾſɢ̹⣬ǽϵĹӳ
ҹ飡Ư
Ů˼˼ľͳ˽ȥ磬תۼվһŵ鱦ǰǻһЩԣûֱȥץ򣬳Ǳʮֻɻ᲻ʲôءմȾδ֪ء
üһĪרų鱦ңĦĸӵĲرң
Ǳͬ̾ǰЩ鱦㾰ʵƽ
Щ鱦óȥȲҪ˵ܻӣĦݣǹŶˣЩ鱦Ĺ󸾣ڿŵĹ˵ܵ׷õĻջ֮󲻿룡ʮҹ黻һƷпܣ
ǱµĲƷֻгƷʮ֮һЧѾͳ¼ھֵּ൱ˣ˵ǽһҹ飬ܻһھ֣
⻹ǳǱеʵϣҹ覴õҲᣬһɫͬС˹͵ģ൱ˣǷһټϵĦżıǸǼֵǡ
ǰǽϣǶʮŴСģһ޶ҹ飡
һ˲䣬ȻĶֻɳ嶯һɼᶨɢ
Ǯƹ̣õøĸϺӣֵٶҲãʲôױԻۣġ
̾ţǱĿһϿӹͣҵ롣
һԲ̴С̨ӡ
ģʣӦǴʯƳɣһߣһѵ
⵶ĵҲָ߳ܺ񣬵г˰ֱôмĻֳԲΣŹӻơ
ͷһ˿ĪǱʯ̨ϸشѳ
ϲգǱһִھԶˡ
ֻŹ۲죬ܿ췢һЩϸڡ
⵶ĵȻ⣬ɵȴûκȱڣȻһ壬κ覴ãڽҲټ⵶ҪôһѲɶõҪôǴδѪİ裡ȻºۼʵؼӲ֮߸
ֹţǱĿǵԼĿģҪҵɽȻͬϢԴͷϢࡣ
ռزСίʵ࣬˷鱦ӣֻʣǰ̨ϵĳˣ֮ϢԴͷӦþڡ
Ǳţɵ°ǰϣĸϸɹɴ۾⼣߰ߵĵϣԼɼŸɺѪ
֮˵ѪΪɫ죬ɺɫ״ֺɢըѵˮ
ˮȻܱôʱ䣬ĪģǱôһ֡
Ѫ
Ѫֱڵ棬λú״ϵһ£һѪ͸˵һ㡣
ͷһǱһҧȻڱǣһ˲䣬ȻŵһǿҵƣС
ƣ糱ˮǰ̵Ϯ
ڳǱٿɢȥƣվûȫֻ΢΢ѣΡ
ΣգֻҪһ֣ҾҪݽˣʱ̾ɥʧսվվȣðĺֵҵϢԴͷ
ǱԳų˫¶֮ɫɫжһ
ѵϵѪζԴͷǽȻ෴ϢֱԴѪ
ǱϲŨһЩɻǰ龰໥ӡֲ֤ĸоϾŪϢĸţ䲻ģȴһ߿Ľкˡ
ԶķȽԾţӺǽֵıڻ
ʱĶԵЩ˼ſϣƫƫ˱ñֱ֧Ϻϵ¡𣬲ڽӴƷϰһ㣬ŵĶֻһǰһˡ
ٻȻǰЩ鱦Ʒֵлء֣Ӵ
ȽŮΪҲֻǶٻμǣֹЩʧȴ̸ϲ
ǵٻⷬΪֻ۾˷ڼϵϣȻŷ֣һӵסǽϣӡһֵСͼ
ȻأһһС˶ĵΩΩФֻǰڳĶ̫ڹ죬ϻϸߣȥܱŤٻӰ죬Ҳ֣Űװ׾Ĳӣһ˫ˮĴۣϸǰǽڣʱҲǽϵ״̲ס˵


073 ϻ
õĻ˶һٻҲˡ
ֻǿǽлǲû̫࣬õĻȴһͷɴ˫ۡŷ֣Ӻǽϣ鲼ͼ
ǱͷȽҲǣ
ǱֱǽߣԽӣǽϣʱǽһСͼ
СͼһɫƴСҲ£Ī˵֫۶ڱҲһȱϽŲͬĶһһĽš
ǽڷŹСͼα棬ǱĹڱ˵ǿһ㣬ϸᷢ֡
ЩϵſţǱһݣһ㡣뵽һֿܡ
Īһֹ˿ǽϣ
ͬ뷨ˣֻгǱһкģȴֻٻһˡ
һı飬ӣٿϣߣǹܿһ湦ЩС˵ĶзôټϵǼ鲼ָܴ֫ʮ澭
ٻһһէ˵ıֽȻͬ
Ƚת¶ֻϲ־죬Ҳͷתǽͼü΢Ŭ䡣
ǱҲΪߣͨͷ­ȻҲһŮϲ٣֮ǰûз֣һΪǽڹߵڵûģʱȻĿҪ̫ĶܽǽϵСͼξ۵ס
ٻľȡȽĬļͼͬǱ߿ߣĿǽڣɨ䣬Ŀۻһ㣬һǽϵͼһ顣
Щͼ಻٣鲼ǽڣҪϸһ飬˵ҲҪķѰ빦Ҫ䣬ǾͲ֪Ҫ೤ʱˡ
ɳǱƶɨһƿͣפͬοķȴֻǻյʱ䣬ͿҪǽеͼһˡ
ٻ߿߾ȣȽһ˼ļ䣬ǱǱ߿ߣãͥŲţ
Ҽž鱦ĿѲ⡣
ڳļ˵ǲ²ͼĳֹȻȻͻ롪
ʲôط
Ħż
Ҫ֪ĦŹʷƾãһЩ¼Դ˵ʽоͰҵ
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ת𣬵նɽ
棬ƿ˳ħ쳣
⵽ʲôûпǡ
֮ǰڼʿóǱʶ˵Ƕ׫ȻʿпʵģǴ˵أ
Ǳ˱ûһżͷʧѾõѵãдûŹ¼ȻƹıڻܹȻǽ߾ȫȥ䡣
οСͼϵһĴĻζţǰǺƣһ漰ڹķ
ڹķ漰ڵˣ͵ĶλƷ
⹦׵ãڹ
¸֮žһƷڹɴ˿ɼڹϡ
һڹȲ˵ս٣ͷѰȭܱȣǱүүϡѽʮǿ׳һٷʳסţ
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УΨΪУƺڹķ󣬵ǿȤľ۰㣬溬Цݵشűڻ
ĳֹأֻ׳ݿ̻ļɣǾǽж֪뾡취ӡڲҡֻǲ֪ͼúֹߵһҲܱ
СֹţϾ޵ıԽŨңڣ̲ס̧֣ŴһǽϵСˡ
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ţѪһɢǽͼһ졣
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ȽĳȻҪĬдͼ֪ҺǷҲҪСͼλֽϣ
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ȽЦţⷬԻٻϵĲ֮ɫԽŨҡ
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δ˵꣬Ǳҡҡͷ˼ױϳţʶ֣ä죬ǽϵĻֲȤ߰ģˡһ滭ŵǴˣֻ赶Ūī


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ٻæȴʹһķԸԼǷȽͬǽͼвΪԸдк񱨣ֵǱˣҪѯʣֱӾˡ
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ŶǱüͷԽԽҪȦˣ˵ʲôֱ˵
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Ҳ׷ϻһ¹Ϊ˾ˣҪȥɾͲҪˡ䣬ҪȥǱ
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ţǱȻȼһŻ

׽֣ħһߵһоԺԣһֱصھԺӣڲͣ߶š
ү㲻Ҳ֢һĵǣ뼮¼ھ֣ͳǱһپ٣һǲϣǱʲô⡣
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ֻޣҾҪ۷ΪĿ꣡
书ֻ˵Сǧ˵УҲգ׬ģܻһ죬ҪŬܽһ죬;ΪĿ꣡
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˸һӣǷһ˫ɫ˵Ŀɫ
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κеĳͻղûȫϵŭȴüٵģûķԸԸū̷֮ǿߣǳ׵ĵλү
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082 ⵶
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⻹ֻǺƽģҪļϱĿ˶ԼѾ˵УӢʿ£ļҺұĿɣڵΪͲһͻֻӣӵĻҸĸʦô죿
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ͷһתԼһЩ˵档
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νżνоգķ˲پȺѵ˼ޱԵЩݽߣҪϢ
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083 ڹķ
Ȼģˣ̫쳣ˡ
ǰģߡζԼһ޶ģˣǱȻ
书ʽķǶôķӡмС;پļѨЩ׶Ǽһ˵ϣ˵Ϊʽӡ漰ľ㷺ͨѨ࣬Ҫ˺Ȼ಻ųֿܣԳǱʱļʶ˵ס
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ģ˲˸AIǱľȶͣ¶һ֣ʱڿ˼ӣһŹֵĶ
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俻ͼȾָС㣬޲֮£Ҫĸȥƿس¼ңϼƻ뽫һ򾡣ǻ޲磡
нУ޹Ҳָ˿ڳݣʼǱ̸κγǱֻǸ·Ļǡ
Ϊ俵ĸЩʹҲ͸¶ģ޹ۼǱɱ˵Ѫ˵ңκ˶֪Լֳģ
ĿĵԽ޹Խʱ֣ȻҹŪ飬ȻһʱҲ³ǱҲŭ֮»ɱйߡ
ǣָʵ·µ˵ط俼Ǻޣһ·ϾͿʼתĻ˼֮ơ
еʱͺ֣޹Ž俸ӵɿɽʱһ˼Ҫ£һɽвʱҪ¼Ҽ֣ó俸أƲĳˡ
ָϡҷмã֮ˣⲻˮߵˡ
Ϊ˱סԼ
ܿϧⷬվֻùΪϵǳǱ
ǱѾͣ˽Ų˴Ŀĵء
վһӵķϣң¥ϣŻӣǹЦ
俵ʫԽв˳
һ˵ţ䵽Ե޹ϡ
Ŀ⣬߱촽ţ԰·ѾԤеԼˣһ̣޺ڣԼǸ⣬ںͳǱԣ
ҡԺĲٺˡ
˼䣬ûкҩ

¥һݵľƹݡ
ƹݶ¥ϸУϲбյ̵ڷķı¥ûǽ棬һϸ͵ԲľģԵΧţվڶ¥ˣܹƾ
ģ޸ؾ¥
ֶأټϰĵӪ˳иҹӸǾۼĳ
ƽвʫԣѧīɧͺҲһ¡
ֻǽգ֮ȴһɽŵģ
Ԫ㲻ҪţûܴӪɹǲ٣ⲢӾļˣ
һվڶ¥룬л
ǰǼŴΪӣΪһһЦҡҡͷ俰俣˵˭᣿ǰ۸ڶԱسΪӴҶ˼˵ˣ
ԪļӸЦ
Ԫϲҧء
ôţҴȥҴͰҩóȻĻ
ȻЦҪˣҳһʱ죬ɥȮ˼գֻͱȻڱǰʱ򡭡
ʱ׼
ʮһӰ֮㣬ӽֵһϼ


090 Ϊǿ
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ǱһԶ̤ذ壬ڶ㶼΢΢һ¡
Ǳ㣡
ǰͻȻ֮ˣһ޺޵ı飬һ˫Ӽ
Ŷ˾ǳǱ
棬ԪΪ׵ļӸһЦǱ
ţû뵽⿴Ƴһļһսʤ˳Ǹ۸ڶļһȻ˾ĽսӪһ·۸ӣ漰ܶಽ裬Ǳ˵һ·ףʵɴ˿ɼһߡ
ųǱԪתת
ǱʵףǸĴ֣ټϱ¼Ҹ˳֮ܽôֹ˳俵Ƥ¼ҵҲ鲻סظˣҲܿĵġ
һˣԪ϶Цݣ¶һΪǺƵı飬Ҫ˵
ûͱ俵Цˡ
ǣáһԹ֮ɫһ˫۾ųǱãڣ֤÷ָߵͣ˭Ƿ
ҪұԣǱһ俵Ϊͨ۷壬̥ΣǱѪһڵΪڴӪʱѱ¶ӦҲ
Ȼ˴֮Ϊ࣬бΣ£Ҳհǰ˺󣬱鷳ġǱ۾˼
ӴôţҪսԪһЦĪҪٰһΣ¼үĴɾˣס
俶ͷԼɼһ˿죬ˡ
λλ
ʱһֵһЦĴһ¥ų俺ͳǱ˹֣СӪڣλ˽𣬲Ǿ¥Ĵƹ
û˵꣬ѾһĻ˻֡
һʹӷɱӻСƹϣƹҼү·ҲԿģκʧۼүϡ
ǡƹӣͷüЦ
ƵģʮؽΪУһ飬Ī˵ھƹݶ¥ڣȫ飬̵ޣҲԵֳˡ
ǮȻҪ£ƹҲָСӰŪܿڳǱΧһƬյء
ԪҲʶȤ֪߽ʱ˱ˣ˵¥ԵϹЦ
ɴɣǳ¼ɱһϷȥͷҪôӵۣš
Զ俵׼ܹս֮ǰҲ˱д裬ҲѧǹȻƣżݣһơ
ܹսĳǼҹӸ֮⣬ҲмŮӺ͹ͣЩҲȤһ°Ȼġ
ҿ俹Ӷʤ
ǿɲǣ㿴񿡵ģԱǸһµСܱȵģ
Ȼ֪ΪʲôͻȻҪˣҿ϶ֳ֧俹ӵġ

翪ţһĴСҲͷ¶棬Ҫ˵ѰҵĹˣƽʱҲûΧ۽ͷŹ˿ܿӶ֣һƬ档
һߣһЩꡢҲ̸š
ĵΪﵽͨ۷˰ɣ˵ʲֻΪҪİ귢ս
ǰҲɻڴˣ˿ͳĲֻ࣬أһͨ˼ҵĺӣʹ˳¼үҲóķΣԳְɣ
ˣأǳү鲻ˬж
СֹţĿⲻʱڳǱɨ
Ȼɫһ䡣
ˡ˺ǺݳǱ
ǣǳ¼ͷǱ
һϳǱݣʱɫ䣬촽΢΢
ôʶꣿ
ע⵽˶˱仯ʡ
ǰҺǰ̣˾һĻҲʶһλ׺
ŶǺεĪǾꣿ
ˣΪѪ书Բ˵ɱҲǾ춯أ˻һݣǳ¼ӱ
˻£ȻŽɣĿٴμڳǱϡ
ɣ俴ʱҲһϣһЦվǱǰ
ô㲻дôǱ
俵ⷬΪϣǱ׼̨ǰ࣬ž˫񣬱ʾ໥أȻſ
ЦɣϾҪϵ˵ǶġһԻ䣬뻳Ҫͳʲô
ⲻ֪Ǳڵ
ŶȻŵ֪ΪңȴԵгǿ϶ˣҩططĻѰ죬Ҫҩ˵ãҾҪˣ
Ǳ۾Ϻޱ飬Ȼųһ仰㲻Ҿ͵Ѿʼˣ
䣬˳˳ȥ
˼䱾мɵļǱת˲̧ס˳̽뻳еֱϡ
˼ҿɲϲȵ˱֮Ŷ֣Ǳһ㵵ĳ¶һЦݡ


091 Ű
Ǳ˵ţҲһ־ʹ˳俵⣬Ȼһӣʹ˸ǧֵþʽ
ž
俶پԼֱ۲ʹԱһŵҩ֮¶⡣
ҩֽŰš
ǱһץסǸҩֱӶ˹ǴСǹһ㡣
㣡һı飬ôһûȫ׼ҲͲʽʼôͻȻ֣Υ棡ǡ
Ǳһؿų俣ЩǺ˭ѧģǴûͱǱɡ
ɶ޳һǵͨ죬¶׹⣬еΧͶĿƺǼдЩЦʱŭͷ𡢶򵨱һȻǰһ̣
է֣
ϺȻһѾذף
ذߵĳǱֱָͷ
һʱ䣬ɱȻ
ҪɱңǱüͷһ壬кâ֣굶һֱͦͦڳ俵Ķϡ

ۣ
俿Ѫذڴɱ;ȴѾߵļٺɡ

սŮӿԼ£Х˾Уһɢ
꣡꣡
俵ײһϣľײķѣȴûȫ£ֻͷǵģŲģʧȥƽ⡣
Ȼ
俵ǰһƬӰڸסӡ
ţ»ڻͷУɱָ̧ܵ񵲣ֱۻû̧λãһֻѾϣ
ѹ
俵˱ְȫʧȥƽ⣬ˤڵϣ
ˣ
ͷ­ײڵذϣľм䡢ذѰݣԴ˽ȥ
Ǳɿ֣ղŽɵĳ俳ⲻԷκδϢʱ䣬¶ԷشûֵͣĴ㡣
ȻˣòϲµģСĻԹޣĵĹңֱӴ񫣬ˡˣʵڲУǾʹ
Ǳ˫¶ΣյĹԺл𳤾һҶԼĸ裬˶Էһƣ˼ʱĴơ

ϲͣǱ˫һץץס˳俵Ųӣֱһᣡһ
俵ӺһһһĴбñֱӳޱ˳ǹš
žžžžž
һ˴ײϴ
ùһͷƤ飬ǿǱϲޱ޾ŭʱһ˿˿η
ǱԲ۹⣬˼ˣȻң
¡¡
ƾ޴޹ģƽغףһһµ䣬˶˦һƬӰʱвơ鲯Ʈɢ

һأذ岻ϵѣëȻ
һ̲̲Ѫڵء
üһôײУ¼һˣ
磬СӺͳͬǳ¼ҵˣôֵʱǶݣ
Ŷ۰̫˰ɡ
ԭ°ȻսļӸҲܵˣǰһĻЩ̫ƽеĹ˵̫ѪȣǱǳռɱľ󣬵ȫŰ򣬷δҲ̫ˡ
ټϳǱֳǹɺݾҲЩƽֻỨƵءǰµĶǺ󱳷
Ϊͷ˵Ԫͬ㷣ΪάͷߵϣǿЦй򶨵ⲻãǱֶԽǲ̣˵Գ¼һԹԽԽױáƿأʱŻĵӣ
û˵꣬Ӿͷ׷׵ͷµʱһȴɢžءһԭվŵĵطѵš
µĻѾ𲻿ѪѪӢһһģжǱˡ
һ䣬ܵ˽Ȼֹ˵߶е˳俵ϡ
ʿˮʱ
üһΪһһգ۵Ĺ򣬾һĶǱ䰡Űǿ̫ˡ
ƽʱҲЩôĲ򣿼ֱǱŰѵ˵
ҿǳJǹͷǳǱ̫ǿ֪ǱġѪ֮ںΧѾпˣľ˽ЩƽֻԴ׵ĹӸܹȵ˵ģ
ûĺɽͻ֪ߵغս
˰
ԭó俵Щսһڷת䣬ͳ信ҫǱ
ЩȻ죬ȴҲͣ˳俵ĶУʹʹ࣬ʱ˵ۣʱеһܴ߳ͷ
裡裡裡
˫˲һƬѪ죬俶پһѪڳԣȫľȻԷͷ­ڣ
ţһĳǱһȻĶѵҪͻƷ̥ˣһˣǱļӿ˲Ҫ˹ȥ
ʱһŭ¥ڴ
ǳǱȻԼĵܵ˺֣˵ҽվҪŻˣ
ӣȻһɪɪ


092 ҪΣ

Ǳһ󾢷ʹʱ𼱴ٵľס
ΣյĸоţϢϮǱȻһҲ˲кһİҲ˲䵽˼ߵĳ̶ȡ
Ƥ⣬ѪҺһ˲䣬ȫڳǱУ
޴룬Ǳо׾ңϵĶȴû˿ң֮䣬Ѫ͡ӯϵĴٵţ˫ŵĵ̤ȱ
ž꣡
µذһ·飬Ǳ˲٣ǰΪˣ

ֱֱתֱۣϮľ硣
¡
ȥĵطһӰ֣ţӰΧĵذȻѣ
һʱ䳾
Ǳһԣ۾Ŀ͸׷ɵĳͻȻϮӰΪˡ
һװͷڡֺüĿƵӡ
ԭǡ嵽ˡǱƽΪȶɵѪе³һ仰
Ǳ壬¼ҵү¼үӳĵӣҲӣͬҲǳ俵֮
¼ͣ
ʱλǱϵ岢ûκɵ˼ֻһؿųǱҡҡͷǱҲ֪ĸƽôģʲôݣʲôʹڱϳ˼ţҪά¼ҵλҪһ¼ӵԾӣûϿҲҪμһ㣬㿴ʲô
˵Ŀɨܡ
Ȼ֮ͥ£˺ԼĵܵܣΪֳ߸ôΪ¼ĨڰΪʹ߿죡˫¶ݺʹġ
¼ͻû˵꣬ͺȻҽˡ
¼΢΢üûлͷȥǱĿɨȴ׽ԭί
ԭŮӿҪȥϳȻǴڱŭıԵĻŮǲܲ˵ߵĶľꡱ£ŮѪӣ
øô֣Ե˺ɶҲ֣Ǳ׹һ
俱Ϊ㲻ǿ׳ģǺŭ֣Ůֵܹ˵ڵأѪ
˿Ϊ⣬ǹЦ
ܸоȫľҪѪˣҪˣ
ʱЩĸоͷŭⲻСɣƫƫԻϲˡ˳ȻѭҪּۿžҪŭھ϶ԣͨͷ­һ̤Ѫ
Ǳںɽڷһɱ󣬸ļвŭɱģ鶯һٳɾѪġ񣬳Ҳǹͨ۷壬ֻͷ­ȫͨˣǱĿ֮»ܣ֮ǰӪʧܣг˳к޷йУͷйȥҪ˶ˣ
Ǳû뵽ɣ㲻˲ˣɱңҸһҵǱĸ߹󣡷׻ѳ飡
ھӿʹĶƶ΢΢ϡָѵĴӵһƵؿųǱȻȻ˵Լǰĸ׳¼͡
ŶΣ֮ܣձؼӱֵĻڽңϧϧûˣҸΪɱɱԽ˵ĵң
俱򱻳ǱսܶɥͻȻҪ󱯴ϲʧȥ˶ǵƿأ˵ĻЩ޼ɵˡ
Ŷ˵Ҫӱң
Ǳкâһ
Ҽұ෬裬Ҵ˺һ鲻ƽϡһݣȥӪҪĵҶʧֺ󣬾ҩҡھȻ̸Ҳ֪ҳǱôڵģ
Ļߣڳ˶һ
ԹȻɫ¼Ҳüͷ壬д⣺Ǳ¹ˣЩҲ˵ȥЩǼ¡
û˵꣬ǰһǱĽһԶ¥̨Ե˹ȥ
ţܣ¼Цһǰ㻹ܷɣ䣬Ҳϥ̤ţ˱ɾתתۼ׷ϳǱ̧ƣǰϴΪƤⲻƤһ㰵Ĺһ㣬Ľ
ӳϵı֣
Ǳ۽ǵⲶ׽ϮƣһһȴԽңȣأһתһơ
ߣΪܵˣùҲԴСִƼҷɣ¼ЦһɱⰻȻҲһתֱ̧ϴžž죬Ȼ䳤˼磡ǻӳʱص˳Ǳ󱻲ŵĳϡ
д״־
ڳǱıϱ
ۣ
Ѫ罣ȴתͷһѪĳ¼ȥ
¼ͱܽһ٣΢΢
ǱѪϹһĨȣһЦ˳ŸղŵıԼ¼͵һƱľ٣ڿնһٿӣǰһĳ˹ȥ
Ǳڰգֱֻ͡Ѫ˷ֱ信
ҪΣ


093 һȥ߽
ʲôϻŵЦ⣬ǰѾܹǱӰ
ЦУ˵⡣
Ǳ֮뽧֮գۼͷڡԾ˳俸ǰֻ΢΢ʶ֮ϡ

Ǳ˲ﵽԶ˵ĳ̶ȣܵɲǼ䱻׽ֳ࣬һַµĸо
ǱԴ˺⣬׽ķΧѸСȫеǰĳϡ
飡
һصˮӳϴ
ļУҲԽԣʼʱˮһգ۾ͱ˷ˮһǻɽ緢ʱ
ӳ俵Ȼһ·죬ͷ­ۼţֻ;ƺһţϻԽ׳ܼ
ҲֻʱˣǱܹСԽˡšԣ
Ǳİ֮ǰǱԺĴ
Ǿʱ򷢳
ܼľǽҪǰࡣÿһʹһ˿Щڲв˿˿͸˳俵ͷ­УͨͷϵһЩƤ¾ڲϻһһ̶ȣʱпܳ忪šһӵϣʱ򣬾ͨ͸˳俵ͷ­Ҳ̤Ѫ
Ǳڰգͷתķɿ죬ͬʱ׽׷Ųǳ¼׷ϡֻǱηԽԼľ֧֣ǳ¼һƵıãٶȱǣҲ׷ϡ
¼׷ǱףǱҪץסͬЩ⡣
ע⵽Ǳ˹Ӱ󣬳һʱЩֽţҲ֪ǱоڹעһֻҪӵԼ׷ϣôͶ˴ֻ֡һ㶣žȻˣһ˫ץסԵΰʣǰȥ

һʷٿ켲Ҫ赲ǱнĲЩʵĺ棬һӡ
µĳȻûȫ̤ѪǻͶһץһһ˦ܽʵľοӳȥٶȻƼʸ
ӴľҴʱӵе۽һһɿϲӿͷֻҪ̤ѪôǱʲôҵͺͱȻᳬԽȻ̤֮ڵϣ
ϲã䲻ģǰһꡱľͷ
俸æȥʱð
ǰǱѾأ˫̤رڣŲˡƸ͡һȥһߣͻᱻһĿ壬ľɢУǱٶȾû˿
ʵľӣǱһƱɣûκν
ۼ֮ľֻʣ²岽ˣճǱܷ׷ϡ
ΣգҾԲץסֻҪټһ£ҪһϢʱ䣬Ҿ̤ѪˣܸоѪ֣
һҲ˲ŲˣԵΡĹս߶谭ǱĹߣֱȥ
һʱ䣬ԭĶ¥һƬң˷
У俺ȻеԼĲȻһǣһѪڵĸоһ˵ľģһɹȵľ
ӿϣתۼͱ鲼ͷ­ͷ۶ȥ
俲ϲ
ˣˣ̤Ѫˣ
ϲĹͷĲԶĳǱٿ˫ͬʱһһٶٴαǣ
ৣ
˼ǻһӰת˲ǰ
˼棬Ŀԣš
俵ϲ־Ц⡣
Ǳû˿ֻ˫΢оâ纬ָ߸̧
ֱ֮䣬һֻᣬתתڣϷŵ
ɴ
俵ɴ۾Цϡ
£
Ǳֺݺݵĸڳ俵ͷϣ
ʱá
ʱڵľպû۵ͷȫͨһͷ­ֻͨҪͷһͨô俾ͻ̥ǣΪһѪߡ
ϧûĻˡ
飡
ʱԲڳǱĶȴ쳣ܹƾˣ׼ȷİסڵзΧλá
һƣµĳɹΪð¼׷ϵΣգ΢΢˱ٶȡΪģó俵ľ򶥣Ȼһ̣ػ
䣡
һƸǶ俶پйһƬԭۼľӿͷĻɽ۽һ㣬ƾȥš
ɢ

ԭľۺϣ̼߽⣡
һ
ۣ
俵ϣһЩëϸѪըѣѪˮʣϻһ˿֮ǰĿϲ֮⣬ɸȴɫ
ҡ
ţ
ͬһʱ䣬ǱȻеһʹһɹůƶӴֱС


094 ů
ôһ£
ֱǺƺ˰һݹǱһܵؾҪֺˡ
ܺˣ֣
¸ҪǱﶸľôһͷ
ͷһ𣬳Ǳһҧ㣬һɹɾȫ۶ӿۣͨơ
͵ľѹĸݣ
ʲôŵȻˣһ֣
ųǱӣӶԷͷ­ϴݹůҲӣˮĸо˳ֱ쵽ת룬
ţ
ǱȻеůŵอƺ΢΢ţſ׳
ɳ
׳
ĸȣβݸӼ͡
ôôԵ׳ʵУѵǻþ
ǱͷھɣЩѾڵůȻ͸¸
¸ڡ
һ̣ůСϪֳһ˿˿ϸϸɢ¸ڵѪ⸹ǻ
䶸

ǱʱоԼСʼ΢΢زһɴδܵĸ¸
͡ʵͻأ
ͻȻ֮һһ㡣
ǵΣ壬Ҫȫ͵״̬Ǳһʱ˻￴һЩ桢˵дݡ
ľȻû£һͼٵľʹ
ǱС죬նҪ£οҶзߺޣ
ȴһŭĳ¼׷
֮ǰǱתֱ˳俣ΣһƸǶЩ˵߽ս˲Ϣ䣬ֻǶ̶̼䷢ˡ
ô̵ʱ䣬俾ʹӽҪ̤Ѫſһ԰׵ʧߣν졣
νģۼˣ¼ܲŭ
ڳߵСˣҴҵ˵ҪͳǱʱ¼;в˲ԤУǰδǱǰ˰ӣ
ɱӣƽͷޣ
˿̣¼͵ֻôһͷ
ĳϣƤ粨ư㶶ţȫǲƺƶɵģʹǳƣ̺ŵʯѱģͻҰޣ˵
Ǳ۽һѹڳͷϵһƶ˲ϣȻһץס
Ž¶š衢ת̧硢˦ۣ
һǳɣ俵˦
ӿ
˦ȥ˲䣬¸һ𣬾Ȼһž㴫ݣҲӿ۵ֱϡ
ˣ
Ǳ˦ĶȻּӿ˼֣

ۼӱ˵һ˦¼ŭ㣬ؿڼֱҪըΪ˲˳俣ֲòͣջơ
δ룬ֹסǳǱȻĵǰһƽϳ糤趯һµʩչ˾뵶е룡
ãһߵı졣˵ţϲͣ趯Ļ硣
úúã¼ȴǱȫ˵ˣֻԼǰӣǱֻնɱϴˢ
ǱȻ¼룬統ȫ˳ǱһҸһһ㣬ңȷʵҲҪһߵֶεΡ
Լ˼
һ棬ǱѾܽˣһ桭
ǿǲҲ
ͷתͷǱͳ¼սһ𣬳Ǳ𣬾ڶϻšʡÿλ裬¸һɾһȥģҲܶԳ¼Щв
¼ǹ˼ɶţһʱԳǱȻ²ɱС
˴˳ĴţҲƲ
ǣ¼͵ΪϾ߹Ǳյ֮󣬻¶ƣϵɱҲ
¼ͷЦɱ磬׼ôȥ˳ƽǱʱǱشЦһел񰮣Ʋǳ¼ҵľѧʹʩչҲƣֶܽˣֻɱңȴôס
һ仰˵꣬϶һ䣬ȥ
¡

¥ľ񽨹ƽȻް¾ߵ̤вҡҡ׹Ǳôһңµĵذʱȫ飬¶һֱͨһ¥Ǳһ̤ȻôӶԾ£ս֡
Сߣ¼;óǱһҪ·ˣʱҲǰҪԾ׷ɱ
ձߣھ;ӿХУһ˾ֱϮ
俶
Ϯ֮˵Ӱ¼ͣ½Ų˫ϵľɢȥ־Ҫס俣ȻǳǱҪֶ谭Լ
˫ֿҪʱȻһһĳҸ߼ֱ̳ȡ¼͵Ŀڣ
ʲô
¼һо׿ƴĴ߶ˡžž죬ǰ˫͵쳤һץסǰĳ俣ĳһ
꣡
ǣѪĽ


095 뷹
趯Ȼڵϡ
һϱۡ
ѱǱ˦ĻԹȥĳ俲ҽǱʹѵģӢһƬ˫ˮֱ
ұѾˣǰ͸һѪ԰׵Եø㲡
۰ˣ
俺ţߵĳ¼ɫһƬ԰ףֳٺңǰҲմȾ˴ƬѪ֪Լģڳ俵ġ
ԼӵĽкʱ¼ɫһ䣬ԵЩ͡
ڳĳǱյھһתȰ£һأͽ²ͣ׼һٱڣתԶȥ
ոճ¼ʹ֮õĻᣬû뵽ղһƬеˣͷöӵȻعʧʣѾײ
ǴšһУԶݡ⡣
С¼ע⵽˳ǱĶ׷ȥشĶɨע⵽˿Լ۹⡣
ɶֻл˳ǱСӣܽͷ֮ޣǲ俶Щ˴ȥδҹϡʳӡĶ;
ճ¼һӣϱۡ
ȻתͷԽ䴦ǱɥĲƺɱԼĵܣֲ̡ܽԳ֣ҷһȴȥ޳ܵ͵ϮңҶΪ˻Т⶯죡ھͻȥЩ⣬ɳ֣ȫѲǱˣȽǸԺͳͳץ
䣬Ѿ¥ԵԾȥ
ȻǱȭ
ʱ¥¥ѾһƬǽ壬ΰԲ˵ذ嶼һƬһѣһ󶴡
¥ƹȴûЩƲʧֳ̫ıϧǿųǱȥķһ˼ı顣
磬⡭
Ӹһǵܣֻվλþ¥̫ԶûгС
ʱ⼸һɫ԰ס
Ҳֲ̫ˣ¼Ͷˣүߵĺˣ俻ˣģܻܲδִ֪ˣ˲᲻ᱻ򣿡
ǰǳǱ׺ǳ¼Լˣҿʮа˾СǱȽΣա
¼ƴ׷Ҫ꼰㡣

ǽ̸ţ¶ɫ
Ϊ׵Ԫڰ֣ΪˣǸҪǱչֵʵԳΪĴ֣ʱѵ߹Ը¼ңǷǳȤԽǵ˳¼ңԽܶĵ¼ң꼰㣬λɷģҸүǰҲ˵ϻɲ¼Һ
⻰ҲͷˣǱǿȷʵ
³ǱԸⰡ
ΪβԸ⣿ȨƵģʸǱԭǿϰٱ

һйӸ˵ţ뿪˾¥
¥ϣսˣʱһ򼤶򾪻šµȥˡ
Ǽʶʲôǲˡ
Ѫ֮鴫ֻǳ¼ƽĹؼʱ̾ԼĶӵ
¼͸Ǳɣȣ˼ҪһңǳǱƣڽǰǱˣ߱Ըɰճ¼͵˵˳Ǳˡ
û취˵¼үǰĺˣ¼Ҷϴ²ǬҪ֣һεĳ¼ҼҲ˵¼ݴСҲ֣ɽһСƵöˣԼҲȾѪҪɨˡ
пհѳͷ¼Ҳ˵˵ǸղŲᵽʲôսˣԴļô
һµĹս̸Ũֻ¥Ǿô֮أһ˵ߡ
һۣǱݳҲпˡ
˵ŮҲƹԸ̧˳ȥȥҽݡ
һʱ䣬Ķ¥ֻʣ¥һϣſһˡ
˵Ҳ֣Ǳͳ¼͸Ⱥ֣ȭȥζν󣬵ϵȴ·һ㣬һֱſţ·˯
ֵǣ¥ľӵܱһھûκƬ
¥Ϸ˼ҵսſȻԵù죬¥ϵ˶Դȴ·޶һ㣬һ⡣

˺Ȼ˸¶ǻ׺ӵӣ죬ִ̧ǰһ׽
ţȤȤǸС׺ݣҲϣϻһ˿ƷϢֻǿӹӦǲȱģǣơֻϸ˵ֻƷĲΡ
˵ţ촽
˾ȵĻСӵǰѵǵܹ֣Ҳʡȥͷʮ깦ֱӳɾ־ţҪҪأ
Դüģһᣬ̾˿
ˣһСҪǱ֪ˣɾͶˣҲգñµֵģһʱܻܵӰ죬־⡣
ֹţվ
ˣͷһȥɽŰɣ֪ٶ᲻˵˭ɽһ˵ǸʦʵᣬܸҲǺõģѽˣղŲСй¶һ˿ϢǱǹ﷢ˣҲҲ
䣬˵Ӱʧԭأֻ¿յΣԼûгķˡ


096 ¸СԺ
ݳڵһݶϣһ·ĳǱͣ²ӣ䵽˽ֽδ
û׷
ֹţ̧Լ֣ɫء
ϣԭ⵶˵İ̺Ѿʧȡ֮ģһī֭Ĵߡ
ô¡
ɻе
ʱһýӰ¡
Ǳʦֶһҡ
Ǳɫصؿǰˡ
ͻȻǰ˴ź⣬ͷɢң˿棬ȥ겻ʮ
ϤİݣǱԺлӿ֣ڵԭǵҷʦ塣
ǰӣȳǱ˽ʮ꣬ȴ߳һǳǱ游ĵӣŵӡҲǳ츳ߵһˡ
ǰǱһӡסڳ¼Ҵլеʱ򣬵ҷ绹Ǹ꣬Ѿչֳ˼ߵѧɣȥΪȾ޴
ڵҷ֮ǰǱûз˿ԼҪ֪ԳǱĸй֮ԭ˲֪һҪʮ֮ͻᱻ
ȻˣǱڶڱǣйĻǾˡ
ȻϳݣǱҲ£һڻҪġ
ˣȻҵˣҲ˵ˣһȥɡҷͷӦ
Ҫس¼ңǱüͷ
ΪҪҷ
Īʦ岻֪ղžƹ֮£ע⵽ҷϵı飬ǱѾ˲²⣬ԷھԺûҵԼһ·Ѱң֪ʹʲôַԼмȻһ·Ծƹϵɱ
Ǳ콫ղ֮˵˸
ûпͳ¼͸ӣҲûͼӴףǸ˵һֱ˵Լ俶սն¼ͣȴһۡ
Ϊʡȥ鷳ӹйؼ̵ֽ飬Ȳ˵¶ĺ󻼣ǣǸģ붼óǱ˷ʱ䡣
ȥⲿ֣µϢѾҷһ亹ǰʦֶĿУдһ˿˵ζ
ѹָղſʱ㼱ҴҵģԭȻ¡ô죿ιΪʦҪ㣬˵ΪдӪɹĳŵǼȻ⵵顭ҷͷüͷ¶֮ɫ
ûʲôһȥġǱһ̹Ȼ
ףͲͶҷ־档
ȥΣݺ¼ҪץѼ֮ѵķѺܴôǱ˵΢΢۾һһĶ֡
㻹ҷЦЦ
Ǳÿɷ
ҷҲⷽ뽻̸˵˼䣬ҪųǱس¸
ʦҸæǱȴһҪ󣬡μȻ˳俣˳¼͵ƤȻưոݣѾʼѲˣҼŭ֮δǨŭˣϣʦܻһھԺˡ
û뵽㻹ͦģţƿھ֣ܴչһҷͷ¶˵Ҳһ仰¡
ǲҵǱҡҡͷҲû˼ȥӪʲôھ֣ǵģ۵˱Ͼһһ˵ǱץһҪȥʱҪǣܶ飬ͽɱ
ҷ֮ͷð㲻Ĵɣ
ǱЦЦ˵Цġ
ҿ񡣡ҷҡҡͷ

ϵ˱¸ʱϻˡ
֮ǰǼǱһﴳԺӵĴΧסţҲ˵ԭ򣬾Ҫߡ
ԺȻ࣬ϴʦƣҲֵأ֪ЩûŪ˵ͱץߣͻ᲻׵ĸͷҲ˵塣
Լοڽ֮˫
δ뻹ûȭǼ˳֣һ˶š
Ⱥƥ˵ûдֻ˫ĻҩζŨȻһǿƣ԰ϵˡͬڲĺŮ²
¸ܴ۸ӡ
ҪΪֻǳļӡӵľʵϣЩ½½޸Ͷ׾졣
¸סŵǳһ壬һֻ֧֮һȴǿƵһ֧
ʮǰţԵȭŴټҵȻվ˽ŸȻҪȺʽ¸סլȨƵλ
ǱģһƼ򵥵СԺӡ
Ժڳ¸ﻹкЩ¸ȻʹûôĹҡͥԺһЩҾסСԺӻеġ
ڵԺӣǳǱһסĵطĳ˵ҲǳǱļҡ
Ժ˾ס¸ʹڶ࣬ÿվͻ˴ɨҲֻⲻ˵ġ
ү⵽ô£һǱϾ̲סʵ
˵һЩҪǱͷԾͲ˵ˡ
ϲû
ιſңΪʲôҪҹ
һߣڳǱ£Ů²ֱ˼ţصԺӵĲ
һĻû顣
Ǳûȥ²˼еϡ
ҵ¸䣬ǲǡ
ʱԺһѾ˽


097 ѳ
Ѿߴŷۺɫп㣬֮ųǱȻ¹ӣҪ£ļѺб仯һǰ֪ġ
ѾǸûй̶ӵСѾߣ𴫻£Ȼ֪ǱݣȴܳƺүΪǱǱȥġ
ף游Ӧ֪˳俺ͳ¼͵飬ѺǱѾߣ˰ϼ䣬֪鱦ҵңܿҪˡ
̸˼䣬Ըϵ˹ȥϢǱ߽Ժᡣ
ǼڻɣΪ̽

Ǳڵϡ
һ侲ҡ
ҵĵɢŻҳ
徢仯ĵط
Ժӣ⾲ȻܹãɨʹҲ̤룬ϡǽߵϻ˺һҳ
ǱµŵӱҲǳǱ򵥵Ĵ򡢶˼£Щ
µĳǱû˼עеЩϵġ
һŲţĿϢڣͷתĳĴʱһ£һɹɾ
ЩڳǱϱڵĲţÿʱĲͬܣǱԲڵϸ΢仯
Ѫǣ̼ǱܣҩҩˣǱȺ˼սֻкͳ¼ͽʱΣգμޱ˰ˣҪơ
Ѫߣ׳ѪУڸУԱ־ķʽ̽ڱ仯
ǱôϵĹľ񣬸ţţš
ڣľʱʱƽ򼱻򻺣ıƽ¸֮
ʱ֮š
ܿ죬ʱ͹ȥˡ
Ǳٴ۾ʱ򣬿ϲ֮͸¶
ûдģʵУھʱԷѹʱǹĪ˵ͳ֮⣬룡
лϲţǱǰйصͺ鼮ݡ
ÿ˶еÿ˵ĵﶼܹͣһʼϵһ·⣬ڸǻ֮С
ֻ߽ȫܹͨͨĶȫľȥ¸롢Σֱȫ͡ͺ󣬵ȹ
֮У߱޷ڹۣڽ̲׼ȷգͨ𵴺ͷиš
ֻҪڸ𵴡ǲǱڸԪԾ𵴣Ԫۼڵջۣټڵвһ˿
ܹ
ܾϢ֤ѾͣûǷ¹̱ȻٿʼѰ۵һ˿
Ǳһ˼š
ߵͺܾܳ𵴡
ѪԪڵ˵أûȫͳ͵ĻضܵˣʱǣอպɾҲ²ƹ̱ӹѪĵҩԵ󣬱Ͼ޷ӣ˵ҩ˫ա
ȻˣǱԽʶģȭġ𵴾ķʽһ̽顣
֮ǰһļ䣬ϲǱӰ
Ǻ£ֻɵ̫࣬Դǽڵůʱȥһƣڳͷݻůʲôϵ˿ô£
Ǳͷƣ֪ǲǴĵǵߺǱһЩ
ҵֵ׷ʲô
ţǱĿ⻬һԣ䵽˺ǰ⵶֮ϡ
ֵ˿ڣѵµģʱٿգں⣬תʧǷ񡭡
ҡҡͷеĹϳ˳Ǳ֪ȫ㲻Եɡ
ֻһһˣҪǵԵв
ųǱ۾
¼͸˵أȻǡһҲҪˣĿԸôһҺͳ¼֮ûκתˡ
ʱҲ֣ǸһʵǿһΪҵͣҵɱⶼȷȷʵʵڵģ֣Ըȭš
ǳ¼ͣʼһƣ⵶ţʱอشֻ֮ĽУҲɱ֣֮£ֻһлնɱԷ
ϸֳź֮ɫ
ϧһûܾȫȻĻûôˡҲԣǳɹǻ鷳
뵽⣬ͷ
˵鷳Ҳ鷳˵򵥵Ҳ򵥣ؼҵʵ뾡һ̶ܵҪնЩǣϵߣͱҪһѷƥĵвУ
ǱԹԵ˼ţҵźȻ顱
Ҳ⣬ﲢļңκ鷢˶Ҫȡ
վ򿪷ţڳǱǰһصĶ졣
쿴Ǳ̾һĺߵļ򣬿еܰܣο̫ˡ
Ǳ˳ǣû뵽㶼֪ˡ
Цһô֪ܲ㶼֪Ӱж󣬳¼ѾУĵҩҲǿȡ˲٣Ĳһˣܰ
Ǳϵú˵ʲôȫȫǸһǹȫֵ³ǲҲͿˣֻΪʬ
˼ԣԼͳ¼͸֮Ľ֣֮д裬ǹɱһҪ
ôһ仰ס˳Ļ
ΨмԿЦҡҡͷˣƢҹҪ㣬үүҪ㡣


098 鷿Ѱ
鷿ȥܼ򵥡
ΡܡԼϵķı
鷿ǲСһһŵֲܷУҲӵ
һ򵥵ķ䣬¸ȴԳƵһأƽʱûеֵܹܵǸɨʹ಻ʹҲֻǼ򵥵ɨسⴥϡϵκƷ
ڳ¼ҵˣûгٻ׿ϣҲڣǳȽϳ谮ĳҲ鷿
ڳ¼ҵɴ˿ɼһߡ
Ǳ߽ʱ򣬳ϣϵ
촩úƽֱֻ֣ͨͷ绲ͷֱӣȴûκα飬ģⲼü鷿ɢظУе˶ٻܵӰ죬һִĳظС
Ǳǰֵܹܴ߽ɫЩ԰ףҲȻһظĸоϺ󣬳΢΢ͷܹʱɴ뿪
һߣ鷿ֻʣ³ͳǱˣȴԵʮֹ졣
Ȳ˵ϵıҲû˿仯ǱԭԤвȻŭ֮ıҲû͸¶Ҫ֪ڼʱǰǱոսһӵֱնӡ
һǱϳŵһ缺Ӻͱܳ谮츳ӣǶԸֶˣôһŲ˭˭ǱһصĻпΣ
Ҫ֪˶һЩļ֣֮ǱǰҪᶨĶࡣ
һʱ򣬲ӦȸȻʾһôȻٶʩ۷Ĵͷ
Ǳͷת΢΢üͷȻ֪Լһֱ»ʲôӡ󣬲ǷǶӡȥԼңö֮һ־Ȼᱻĥ⡣
һţǱһߴǰĳͬʱڶǣȥ̽Լ游
үү⼸굹ûж̬ɫһһȻΪոߣҲ֪ڵ˺εȾ硣¶ѪϢŨ̶Ⱦͷǳˣɽһĸо֮ǰδϸܵڶʱۡ죬ⲻǾʱǵѪҺģ
Խ̽飬ǱԽأȻҲһ˿ظС
˿鷿һƬž͸ѹ֡
һֲֿķ·̩ɽѹͻأڼ米ϣǱеĹƶڳĳѹȣָ֨ĸо
ͷأֽҲӲǱĶֺ
ȻҪǾҪˡ
һˣǱȻ
ǰүүҪǳ֣ΪҵȻ޴ӵֵǰԵˡһûκηֱ𣬿Ϊло⣿߽鷿һֱڣүүһ仰Ҳû˵ʼĵͷ֮⣬ҲûκζΪҪη壿
뵽һ㣬ǱȻһ˿
ԭˣүүȻһ֡һ仰û˵ûгֺ֣ƸɽѹĸоܿܲǵĻþʵʵڵģһ֡ʽ
뵽ЩǱͷĳƷһɨգȻϵĳظɣȴ˲ѳһ㣬һ˿º;ɥɢ
˵¸ĽģȨơʳǲƸ鷿Ĺر伮ǡ
֣
¸кܶĸ֣Ȳ㱾ģүүλӣÿһóܽŵģȻĸ֣үү
ܺ͸д衢ԣ²ʵսֹмĽȸüٵģܴ̼ߵĽȡĺΣУӶǱͻͽ;ͳѪ˵ҩרָ֮⣬ʱӴҲԭ֮һһ㣬ģ˶޷⡣
£һκ͸ֹеľûᣡܹһҲ㲻ˣ
Ǳֳ΢ĺϼ񼤵Ѫӿı֡
һ漰й飬Ǳ͹˲ˣֱϥ£Ŀ񣬿ʼȫĵĸǷ·ܶѹ
˳俣˳¼ͣͷⲻ˵ˣֱҲãúøһѹԺ˵
ۣϵѹȴûа㲨ʼȥֿѹ
Ŷ
һֱĬŵĳ־档
Ϊṳ̂㣬ǣ֮£Ȼܹס񣬲ԳʼŷˣǸӣٺõ츳Ҳֻһ˶ѣʱӼ塢Žһ£ܳʢ˥ηµĴģԱҪľ滹Ҫġ
ţеϲ֮ɫһţű»ָ࣬ſ죬³һصڣ


099 
ƣ
һ򵥵һ֣߰ǻƽĽ̸һ˵ȥ֮ȴһԴһ㣬ܵĿ

鷿Ŀһʱ侹Ȼһ˿˿ѼĲƿʼٵĴΪ򣬴˷ųǱ֮ۼȥ
ۿһĲƾͿҪײǱˣʱǱ˫΢΢һž˫֣Ļ¡
ֹĲʱԭۼ˿˿ƱҡΡ
ţһĻĵɴ۾ֿƺʱյķǳ׼ɼǿΪ֮ģô˵ǱѾܹൽˣ
뵽һֱƽɫڱ仯ˡ
ǱڵΪӦ۷壬ֻһܲˣǲһϾܽӴԪزı仯һζš
δʶţ
ԺһЩе
˵ЩкܶڲܵĴڣЩڷ̥ʱܲ仯չ¶˵츳Уһ·ͻͽֱ߷塣
Īҳ¼Ҳлһλ
һˣűͺϸʺ죬Ҳֻͣפ˲һϢͱȥ
˵ˣǱҲ̫޼ɵˣȻƽʱ䣬ʵ俶üٵġһҪľ໥±˴֮ìܣҲº֣Ȼñ˹Լڲͱˡ
ЩЩƽ
Խ츳ߣԽҪʶԼΣǱ׺һԾͷҲܱƵ̫Ψѭ򽥽ļʶ˰Σ֮ϵУһܶһ棬Ҳоعլţúò
˼ţڵصĳǱ۾оâէ֡
һӵվϾȻһЩˮ
ЩѹȻ䶼ʧˣǿϧйѾеһ˿ƺԴĳɣǺִΧƣйٵĴ̼ǿң汾Ͱĳһ㣬ײϣʹӰ죬ܸһֻɲСӰĸо
ţǱų񣬿ڵ游
һĳ˵ȻܵɴʱԵ׵游һʱŵõôһĻᣬ˵ߵ׹ġ
۽һ΢΢۾üͷҲ˵ƣֻǷ֪ΪҪ鷿
ʦͶ˵Ϊ˴Ӫ֮¡Ǳɫƽ˵Ӫɹ游һҪҵҪܼ򵥣ֻϣɳһҸĸǰݣԱ֤Ƕ˲Σա
ΣգʲôΣգΣջǳģ̧̧ƤĿ˳Ǳһۣ˫ûһߵĻǣǾâ˸
˫ۿǱֻеƤϾʹһƽüȴûлش
еڴˣͻῴǰ˵̬
㴳ĻСã˺ܶˡһӴ˻ϻӣ֮ǰĳĬĻƽƽģ˵ʲô޹ؽҪһ㡣
ҲЩ飬ļҪһеĶԸңôȷʵѾˡǱͷҲ̹УӦôҶԸ¼ҵ⣬ŰֻյϢļҲݣҪ϶֡
ŶһףȻΪλ㲻֪أ
Ǳ̧ͷųѯûκܵ˼Һͳ信ǲͬ޿ˣЩҲܱãҡ񻹻ţֻҪûǾͲġ
һ仰˵꣬סڲԡ
ҲȣֻǵҲ֪Ҫʱ޷ڳ¸¼ҺϵδжϡȻԼĵܵ˺֣ɺ˼˵ģһҪǰʱ򣬺ܹܿԮ
ѵûǱӳĻ塣
ôĪǻźɣ˱仯΢ŭûǱͼ˵
ԮҲ£˱ͱ俴ӪɾǨŭңҩңͰػģҲһɱңɱд裬Ҳˣ˾ɱңӹһҲˣҪıһΡ¶Ц
Ļŭɢֻҡҡͷ̫ˣͲҪˣú鷿˼
£Ҳƣ˱ƮƮشԾһɣֱ䵽űߡ
ڣҸղҪ󡭡Ǳɫһ䡣
㷸˴ֵܣײ̸֮㸸ĸѴ̣״ȥݣһͻὫ㸸ĸʱͬһá
䣬߳⣬顰žĹϡ


100 ˼
ʦԹѺͣ
˳Ǳͣ˽Ų
ʦ˹ȥѺͣôһ·ȻҪңôһɫЩŹ֣ͺûôȻˣȲҪ飬ȸ׺ĸ׵㣬⡭
ţǱıӹŹתͷĿ
˼
ֹţĿȴϵһ伮
⵽ǳͷǸҲãͻڲ㣬鷿˲̤룬ΨһɽֻүүˣɱңҪʹʲôֶΣһƾܽҡ
Ǳҡҡͷûȥȥڵأӻȡ˼СƿӺһֽ
һԪһẔ́Ų
ǱĿƶǰƷһһɨţ䵽ǸСֽϡ
ֽ̯ܿһźɫСҩ裬Խָ״СɢŵƢ
յõֵҩ赽ʲôʱǴζжϳӦĳּǱܵҩ裬ϧɵҩҶʶȻҲܴҩƲһЩҩЧԽ͸֧ķʽսҩºȻиá
ҩֵ߱رǱƽʱЯġ
ţǱɫСҩ°ãŻػУȻǰļƿӣĬĺ˼Щʲô
һյʱ䣬ǱֽŲֻԪ͹̱
̱ǿѪ⣬Եȹ̴棬ȻˣǾͲܷŹڳ֮ǰȷȥԪ
ǱװԪҩƿ˻䡣
ⵤҩ̺о˵Ԫԭһһ׹ǡҹ۶ѵƺ˵һ˿УȻԪҩ׳Чһ
װŵҩƿѲӣһЩֵ˼
öҩҳı֤䲻֪ڵﵽǲǳ׳ˡóȻ᲻к󻼣ȣҼʵ͹˲ôˡңѧ֮һ;ƿհǰ˺ģǻǲҪˣȻҪ߲ΣǾͲʧܣ
˼·ǱԥŵҩԵϣһԵȥ
塢ϣѾ˳׼ǻȱݣǾͶϢͳʱӦע鲻˽⣬ڳ¸鷿ЩӭжˣϵĲӣܶ඼Ʒ书ŻƷģ伮ǣֻҪȥңҵҪġ
룬϶Ǳ²ͣһǰ첽߹Ŀһɨ鱾ϵһһסѡ
öĽƷмûƷ
ǱѲţʱóһٷģžͷ˻ȥְƶһ
ܶʼ
ѡ鼮ʱ򣬳ǱϸɸѡЩȭŵĹֻǴŵĿżһɫķҳҪĿ꣬Щ¼ǰ˵ʼǡ
ƷӰӶû
֮ǰһֱ˵鷿ƷĪԶﴫҲпܣ鷿ǸнأܣƷ׶˲СҲգѧһƷ뵶δȫգͲ̰ˣһ
ͨ㣬ǱִѰƷһ˼ΪҪĳ׼ˡ
Ŀ塢ͼʶʶ϶ȫ׼
ڲƺĳƿҪҪ̤ȥҪҪ࡭

ڳǱڷڷ鼮ʱ
⡣
վͥԺС
δʶȾδʶȾδʶȾ
еţ𣬽Цϣ˾ϲ֮⡣
˵ǱԷͬѰһ·ɱӲͷֿɼ־㣬Ϊͻͽӷֱ̥̤ڣμ棬ʱƵʺȣȻ۷壬ֻ۵һ˿ܳɾ㣡ʱΪô˼򸴺󣡡
ţתͷ򶫷ʿȥ
ǱЩԾ̤֮Ǹ磬ܼ̳ʦ˼ҵ²ˣҲܡ
ԸпţԶȻһŲ죬ϵЦ˲Ϣȥϵĸ鲨֮û
̧ۿȥҷӰӳ
ӵĵû˿⣬ôˣ
ϼһľ񲻴˵Ҫָ˵ôȰȥˡҷ˵ʱֲȺ棬ⷢӣΪǵ˼ңЦһ֮ͬ飬¶类Ʒʱôǣ
䣬ҷʶЩɧ˵Ҳû̫ôƽһ飬תͷ鷿յţʵʦǱʦֶѾˣô˵ϿˣεڱԣͲҪҳˣ


101 ʦͽ
ǱҵӣˣϷĹŵӣڱԣȻ㡣
һھҷ̾˿
ʦͽԸǰʵ׹ҲϰѾˣŹǶս׾ܼģܹϰǾҪǱܣԸ˵š
ҷ˵ʱͳʦΪǰûпʱѾˣһ뽫ʦһӵѪõ֡ҡ
¶׷֮ɫڵλ֮㣬ΪǱ治ͬ죬Ҫǵõ׹˵ܡ
ΪʦҲ˵ǸںĴţ˵ʹЩϵɫҲԵ˵Դ׹ϸǵ
ҷͷΪˣҲӺӵѡһˣΪһսĲߣ¿Ǳʦֶõѡ񡣡
Ǳô΢΢ǱȷʵԵֻǾ´սֻʱˣŸոͷ֮ھôҲԽ쾳
βʦֶһεɽ֮Уҷ̽ʵ˵ﲻĵر֮壬ֱܹΪ߾ô
Ϳ۾һɣɽ֮бսպֹٱʦֺͶʦΪʦϣǱȥΪͻ
ҵվĥˣǱʦֶ˵ȻǰҷֹţײΥԼʦֻա
ˣעǼ˿ʲô΢΢۾˸ΣյĹâȻܵݣҪҵϰϷĶӵǲСүѹš
ʦб䶯ļҺѾ˽Ӵ׼ˣֻʱìͷָǱʦֱֶүзӦҷ˵¶׹⣬㿴ҪҪ
ڰ֣СѣҵҪ׼ôQˣ㰲ﻤҪ˴ŵǱϷȥ俶ףôУ¶һҪúõĴ
ҡҡͷȥ
ԼʦıӰҷҲҡҡͷʦʦ˼ҵף˼ֻ塣Щǲڳǰ˵˵ˣҲš
̾Ϣһҷתͷ鷿
ʦֶ¼ҿƷ⣬Σķܲ¸ĻЩס

ļ죬ǱǶһ鷿ȹģɳ¸ʹֱ͹ģѾ˽û˸̤鷿˶ǱԵСϣɳǱԼȥȡ
¸ͱ֮¼ھǿ̫ˣʳ֮⣬ҩźһ
ִ䣬ϰ֮˵Ǻʳÿ춼ܳԵַˣǲʱʱϰȭţܹǿ塣
Ǳ˲졣
ʳóǿ׳Ȼĸ䣬䣬Ҳ±롣µĹ͵ֵһ๦书ֻҪ͵סӡ̵˼įǷ߾ɾͣҲ̥۷壬Ժͷְ֮һҲʳǡ
Ǳипţʰһ²;ߣվ
ҿûôҸطһ棬һ̽δϧ
ţ鷿Ŀյأϥ£߰ڷƿӡ
Ұ쿴伮ּǣֱģʶģ⣬ϸ򡢵ͷҲʱˣɣҲӦõˡ
Ǳţһƿӣһҩ衣
̱
ŵҩţȻһ¡
ʡ
ҩ˳ʳ䣬ܽ⣬ͷųҩ
ҩڳǱڿɢ뵽Ѫ֮УеһСƤһ뵽ǽ뵽ѪУѪҺȫųǱÿһѪʵѪ޺죬ѸٴӸۼ
룬ǵڣ
ǿǿǿ
һֿܵġѪⲻǿĸоڳǱڶһ˿˿ůҩͷԽԣáȺ˻Ǳͨ泩
ϵһϸ΢˱ǿЩĶغѹȳͣ͸ëųȥ
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Ǳ˵ţϵ·£ۻɨ䣬Ȼ۾ʼɣһ߸ھ仯һȫѪ
ȫ𵴣һ׽һ˿Ԫĸоܲٿۼ۵һ˿žʹԪ׳ʱˣ治֪һԪ̺ԪȫתΪĻپ
ţǱ𽥰̡


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һԯޣƫƫÿ˶ĵ˵ԼĹ۵㣬һ㣬ö֮ܶҲͲעˣֻ¥ϰҲԵԽء
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ҼҹΪӢ˵ţһȭͷһģ
ԭӢӵˣ룬¼ҹӺλĹӶѾ¥ϵˡڣһ໰ﴫԭǾ¥ƹӭ
ƹǸŮġ
֪γƺŮƹò绨һ£Цѯʡ
ңū˿Ӧ
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ܣ
뵽վͬ۸˸渶˾ǮʹҴȥ
Щ˰˳ҪܣһҪ֪ͨܣСһЩҪ˳¸˿ɳ֮

ͬһʱ䡣
¼鷿
еܣǱھеһתۡ

ھҵضţŵ״ƤǱ紵һ㣬ϵĵһĲƣ
һ˿˿Ľͷ
Ȼ
ۣ
ǱſһѪ


103 ʶԪ
Ѫɺ죬ӿǱɫǶȻ԰ף֮ӦģϹŵһĨЦݡ
оˣѪ𵴵ʱѾܹĸоһ˿˿ԪĲģܵһ޶
˵ţģȫĵĸڲŵȫ˿˾ҲƤɵˡ
Уһ˿˿ȵϢѪпٴţϸСޱȣСϪˮ鲼
Ԫ
˳ԺȺʱ޿̲ȡԪԣҲʱ޿̲Ԫ
Ԫһ˵ĸ
ţǱġƽ̨Ժеʶһͬһɫһ㣬Ѹޱȵٶȣȫ˹ȥÿһͷֳһ˿ʶ뵽ЩϢС
ǣһ˿Ϣ˲һʼ΢΢¶
ϣںϽࡣ
ģǱʶʼЩˣһˣ϶ĳڲϵһʼĵӦ֣óء
ʶмޣһȥ׽򣬽ݣͻ˼𽥿ݽߣվƣҪھɢＫǰֹͣ񣬲һ˿˿Ԫڵ۳ɵһ˿
ЩϢ䲻ӣȴԵûܣһ˺ѻ֪Ǳܹ֪ˣۿ¼鷿ڲջ
뵽۽΢΢
ÿ˵ľСвͬǿҲͳһǿߣԶ񣬿ƸɢԪۼɵĵһ˿Ҳ͸׳󣻷֮С߾ۼɵĵһ˿͸
ʱĳǱһ˿ʶѾ¶֪һ˿ƽȴĸǽϰڹԴȪϵƷʡ۳̶ȣ߽ĵ·ž޴Ӱ졣
ڳɹһ˿˲䣬ߵõһѵûᣬ߾һֱëסѨԪĻᣡ
߿ԽϵֱأĪЧЩԭߣΪ۵һ˿ʱ򣬸صĳŵͻͽһƽ
һ˿ǿСֱӹϵԪĳʱ͸Ч
Ϊһ˿˶ص㣬Щ伮ֱӽһ˿Ϊ

ǿȡڳߵľǿ
ڼּ￴ݣǱЦԽʢ
ΪʶԶξݽߣºԴ˴и򣬾ǿȺӣڷںɢԪʱռˣ
һ߰ϲһ߾һ˿˿ůϢϵֳвǿš
ߵľ֧ǰһ飬΢õܷɢɣЩ츳֮ˣܹڴ˻ϣ֫ҲУ֪Ⱥܵݽ߿ľʲôز
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ĪҪˣ̾ϢһʶȫɢȻĻʹܽԪգʶɢܷŲգԪܻڵվù
ڳǱ̾ϢĹͷʶǰɺͲ˫ۣԵ÷ǳǿһŵ޵˿һ㣬᧿Σ
ֻˣҲ㲻ˣϾĿǰֽ˵ǵ伮ϼصó̶ˣЩŵӣˣҪһĻԵ˵ǻʶԭˮƽֻʶںԪҲǻԵ
ôŵʱֺȻ͵һ𣬸ϵƤһ䶯Ƥмǧڿһ㡣
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ô£
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ɢʱѽӽ˼ݽߣֻشԪŰܵˡ
УԲܷ
һǿҵִĵ𣬳Ǳ۾һɣһҧҪǿȵ£Ԫۼ
ڴʱ

һ̨бš
ף
УǱеԼӽȻʼٵĻָ
ֹǿԦԪĸоѸʧ
ԣ˵Ǿָ˵ڿ


104 
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һ˲䣬Ǳ׿ֵһ³ʶԪС
ܷʲô¾õĻᣬһܷŹ
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ͻȻʶţ׳ĳǱзûе˿ȣֻǾԪܡ
ʱˡ
һ䣬ǱһɢʶУһźɢȥš
ʶһ˿˿Ԫʼ΢΢ƶ
ƣƣƣ
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Ԫʣں֮΢΢ȣʱӸۼǵģֻСһȴ泩
ģЩ΢СԪԽԽ࣬ԽԽʵһһڵΧ͸
·˺ܾãֺֻһɲǡ
һ˿˿ϸ΢Ԫͻ˵ƤĤС
΢СԪ˵ν֮
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ֻҪؾܲʶӴԪˣȥ̽罫ŬĽһһӡͣϢ
һˣǱԥڸոȫƤܣ𵴿׽ɢԪ
ΧһɹѼĲѸγɣһŴһ㣬ܡ
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Ҳãרϰ䣬£ȻͲô۳ʲôıƣûϵˡ
ţһҪת뿪
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ѭȥʱĳǱ߳¶ƤԵð𪣬ӤƤ㣬ϼ鲻󣬵ܽգֳ˱ĸо
֪ǲǴڿǱ˲䣬ĵ׷һ־㤸Уǿ˳ֵһ㣬ʧ
ӦǴ
һߣǱٿؿڵ磬ĪҪң


105 һã
Ŷô˵俹ȻǲʼįȡѵҪٴ£
˳һǱ۾̣¶Ц
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Ǳ䣬ȫ»صʱϵīɫѾѪʪһ顣
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ҲǵʱſԼʶǿԪأת׽ԪӶǿԼ״ξĳɹʱֵԼֵ

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һľܣҲʧȥյɫֳĸо
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ģҵֿͨ˵ңʱ۵һ˿ĻᣬԪʱҲΪ춯Ҳظܣһĸо
뷨ԺһǱĺ΢΢Щ٣ָƽüͷƺʲôͨļ䡣
УһůǻУ˳ֱеˡ
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Ϊ׵ǵҷͳ졣
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߹ﷲ̥ڶϢܹסڵϢתΪԵвһⲻסëףˮǶþʱ̫ãҪйס
ɴ˿ɼʵȫٱ̫ʱ䡣
ȻѾֽˣȥ;¥棬ֱӴȥһҪóǱ
켲ıл˵ģһҲֻеҷˡ
ģֻеͷѡ
һн߰ˣһ·תһֽǣǿ˾¥ҡ
ţѾˣ
ҷ̧ʾͣ
˾ĿȥټƽӺݸеľ¥ǰҺֳһƬʱмŲŮŻŵܳ
ˣǱʦֶӦѾˣ̫嶯ˣ֪ļҷüͷ壬һݡ
Էֻūһôô˵Ҳ۷壬ƲӦûӳİɡͬüͷչϲɫ˵ִˡˣѴ̡
֪ҷҡҡͷֻһڲ㵹в٣Ĳ˵ļϴ󣬾۷壬˵ֶβԽսļֵܺͳ俵£ҲмˣԺһѪ߿⣬ס˳Ǳֶǡ
˵⣬ҷͳ춼סˣһۣӣ¥ܶȥ
ЩΪ㲻һ·ٶ䲻߹հתĵҲ˶٣ûֱΪ¥λУ㡣
¥ǰһʱͷ˾űߵŮƹ
ҷȻŮƹ죬ǰһ̸
үãȥʦֶʬɣֿġŮƹһҷ磬ʱ촽ȶ˵
ţʬĪǳǱֶѾ⣡ҷһ㶣ɫ䡣
ڵҷԵĳҲ鶸ȻȻ
ǱŮƹһ£ȻҡҡͷʲôǱǳٳ俣
ţ
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Ůƹ˵˵ţϸֳºŭ⣬ƺǼȿ־ֵֶΣּо
ҷͳϱͣ뵽һܣ޷š
ǽȥɡ
󣬻ǵҷҪŮƹȻܾϾ֮оų¸ү
һ֮󣬵ҷͳһ粻Ĵ¥
ȷΪôʵ
ﲻϸ̸ҷûлӦֻ߹ȥֺŮƹ̸˼䡣
֪ǲ׼٣ҷ̽ʵ
٣漰Сα٣ΪŮƹ΢΢һЦүҲҪ̽ˣģүȻھ¥ˣԻó˵оȻǲҵȷҲҾ¥棬ܹǳ¸һ
ҷⷬȴǿУϻ¶ֻͷȻͳһͬ뿪
û뵽û뵽µĲǳǱǳ俣
뿪˾¥Ը˻ظţֽѰѳ俵ʬȥž̲סп
ҵȵС˳ǱֶˣôһһأյĹ򣬾ɱ˳ˣ⡭ҷ˵ţ֪ˣҪǷ¹ǶǴҪڳǱʵģΡ
ôһ󰸣ˣ˾֮̾ǰ츳֮磬ҲһĪ飬Щ֪룬һЩɢлҡ
ֻΪҪͱˣļֵܺ˵ǳ信ҷȻӱ⣬뵽鴫ظֵܳһͷ
ҵãǼȺ϶治֪ôҪܺÿֳġֶΣҪѪɺˣˣǡ˼ɣҡҡͷԼ¶һ˿
ã
Ȼҷ羪һǰԵĳһ
ôˣ߾
Ǳֶɱƹˣˣɸղȴûἰζδطôҷɫء
ţҲɫһ䣬ҪˣȻ֮ˣѵǴֱӴŶһұӣҲԡ
ţĿԵһ뵽һܡ
ղž¥ƹ˵ֻӢôңļǰģиһĿ˶ôô˵
ߣҷһĴȣĿ˶ɲǺǵģƹſģ


111 ڸУѪת
Ŀ˶ڴϣ񾲡
䷿ջ˵һľڣװβöô󣬵ǽ͵ذֳɫ󣬼ʹ°תڣûƵƣԺڰԸ԰͵ĸо
룬ڷһŰϷ¯ƾߺ͹̡
¯ƮܣгУ俴һеĿ˶Сڡۣ롢Ŀ续ɡʥ
Ŀ˶۳˵Ҳһľ㣬κ죬һк˶ͣ
Ŀ˶ڣУһСۺһ𣬱֮Ǳһ˿Ҫʮ
֮Ĳ졣
һȻΪҪĿľǽԪת䡢ΪȻۺڵУϴĥ⣬ʹ֮Խ
۵һ˿ʱֱӲ׽Ԫ֮⣬ʱ䣬ҪԪתΪֻԼѪ⣬ŹѪеԪ
ѪԪԴҪʳȻʱҲԪķอԪѪа룬ʹѪήһͣҪѭ򽥽ͬʱʳ
ʮԪܱΪһ˿
ʱǿ뿪ھġ
˽֮ʮ澭֮𣬱˴֮첻С˵ӰҲֻͬһ˵ľ̥г󣬾Ǳģͨ
ֱľйȻ͸ݣÿнһҪ٣ȴȭʱʮһ
ֻԭʮ֮һĴСһ˿ľԶѪһߣǱأԾ㣬൱ڲ߹ͬ
⣬ʱڱĺ󲢲ʧˣ壬ΪԪ׳Ѫ⡣
ԪѪа룬ۺϳҲع壬׳Ѫ⡣
ΪѪת
Ѫ֮ɴ˶
ֵһǣԪתʱӲʶЩͺʶһ㣬ĳָдۡеʱҲʵᵽ仯ӶڸС
Դ˿ʼ߶ڵı仯ʼֱӵĸ֪
ջۣ۵ĴȺߣھС͸󵽴ȭŵĲҲԽ࣬ľ͸Ӵ
ĴȳԽһ֮󣬾ͻĳصʱ䣬Ϊľ
ԭȣڱϲû̫仯ʮ㣬Դͨ
ʼ뿪ھζпʼ֮ͨʣҲͽѪһΡ
ζ㣡
ζ㣬ֻҪµľᴿ㶨̤룬ƿ֮˵ֻūǰˣ˰֣ŻͣͲǰ
Ŀ˶¾ڴм꣬ۿԽ񣬾̤ζܽˣԽꡡ
գԼֶȥ磬ҲԸ˷ʱͬ
һᡣ
ţ
Ŀ˶˫΢΢һյ˫ſһ϶¶˿˿âüͷ
ڿٽӽ
һ䣬Ŀ˶±۾Ϊ߻Լйϵ
գ
ŲԽ
ڷнģݳҲ̫ƽŲԶ仯ƺҪ
ٶĿ˶΢΢ҡҡͷ㲻ᣬֻǸеľ仹ⲻ˵ģ΢һ£˭֪ʱ

Ŀ˶ͷϷ
ף
һ̧ͷ

ĿһƬ϶
Уâһ
ৣ
âƫƫĿ˶һΣĸо
ԭƽ˲ƣ
̿ͣ
ͷĿ˶ϥĶһһԣ
¡
һ죬ԭŵľѿľмɢ̳һӰ̳лվֱӣϵ
ڵϢҲ춯ʧֻʣƮ
ߺˣ
Ŀ˶أһתһǽϵ£һΪһѳ
˿Ŀ˶²ն֮ˡ
ͻ͵ϮĿ˶û¶κξȣзƽ
ûлػһӣնǰ̳ͬ㼤
ʶôֻǱҲ޳Թ˵Եпһĵԣݹҽˣ
Ŀ˶һЦոյͻϮȻƲͳٶ͸¶ܶϢϮߵΪӦֻ۷壬˵̫в
һĿ˶Ҳٷѿ࣬һ˦ʩչĲ־
糤߰ƶŰǰȥֱָϮ֮ˡ
ǣ˼ľ벻ĲŹߣ˴˶ܿԷòˡ
Ŀ˶ͫһϳϮߡ
ǱȻС


112 ҩ
ϳˣĿ˶ٺһЦ
ǳıӵˣܵҰҪҵֶİɣϧȴҵķ䣡þҲգ㣬Ҳʡķɼ˷Сϣ
˵ţϿɲ˦ģ˽Ļģ
岻סǱġ
ƶ룬һֱڣǱ˵Ŀ˶½Ƕû⵹ΪٶǱʱȫڽϱ˲֮£Ȼܹ׷Ŀ˶ĽŲ
׷һ£ܷ֮նڵȴһ¡
ӽ俪ʼǱûжѪ͵Ŀ˶һ֡۷塱Ĵ
ϾȻ˼˵׳ֻвֻΪ˵ȲĿ˶βĻۣν˷ѺޱҪ
ǣܹȷÿαܻĿ˶
ӡ
һΣһֱ⵶ûнֻĿ˶ǰĲ⵶
׿־λƷ⹦Ѫϣ˱̽ȡĿ˶Ц֮䣬һҪŽǱϳ
һõĵӦ֣ǰ֪ùٴΣνôһһһ˦ͳ˵˵ıУ
һΣֱ۵ʱ򣬳ֵĲǷıУǶϵЦݡ
ǱЦ
ĵľǺ룬߽в
ôһ仰Ǳ¸һǣһϣľĲһ˿뵽ֱֵۺУ

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ţͬһק
ͬקһʱ佩ԭء
ɾ
Ŀ˶һ£־ȡ
˲ıȻܺҿһʱģû뵽㾹Ȼˣ˵䣬ϸֳĽ䱸֮ɫ
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̫ˣҷֵ̫ˣĿ˶һתʶǱֻǳ㣬󾢲㣬²ģֻҪԼ˼ѽ֣ͻڲ֮ء
Ŀ˶ŵİǿıУȻóȻֺˣϣ˫ͬʱ׷ֻֿһԻȼܽ⿪ơ
עһĹסˣþйҾսˣ
һߣǱЦݲ䣬۾΢¶ݣŵֺȻٴӻﳶһҩƿ
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ԣ
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߿Ų
Գ俵߿ŲǱǶƵĵУһһʣ
ҩɢ
̺ԪһֻˣҪ֮߾룬ֻǱǱôһ̵߿ţٳɶ࣬ҩбԪͺܿɹˡ
ͬһʱ䣬ҩӿǻͬʱǱȫһչ
ԴԲڵԪûѪͣͱ𵴿ۺһŵ￿
ڣһƷˮ쫷㷭һ󲿷ֺХŴֱӱζ
͸һ·У۾ۼȥ
Щ仯˵ǵʯǱӿʱĿ˶ʶΣʱһ
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ֻУС͡죬ѹͬʱɢһ֮⣡
ȫӳϵı֣ҲӲ֤Ŀ˶ȷʵѾӽ
ϮǱܣҲ̧ۣһȥ
ѪСӿ
һǳɣ
Ƹᡢ໥ƣڱϱóɰƵ˾ţ
бǱԼɢһζ
Ѫζ
ž
ײ֣

ƺͬʱ
ǱɫһףĿ˶ɫ죬ײһƲһ£ź񴥵һҵ
Ŀ˶һƬͨ죬ǱϣһĨɫۼ΢΢š
ŴӶԷϴһȣǱǹ
ȻˣսֻҪܽӴһնԷȻʱݣΪĿ˶ĶԵʣȵЧԣ
˼УЩԴԲԪۼڵΧһһģ뵤пתΪһ
ţֳֻһů˳űľۣͳǱеĿ˶˿Ⱥ϶ΪһŽѪУȵľ֮

Ǳһ»Ӷ£
ӣ
Ŀ˶кУ΢΢ЩѪڣҲȲѵٴξӭ
ž
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113 ؤ
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ž
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˳ŵ¸ã۹˾ѪһƽһƵĻһ
˭ŲסͲǶƣǱ̺ʮ㾢һֱӴϣ
ʱƻ֮СŴӣҲİ㣬ݡ
ΰʣǽڵذ嶼ʼ΢΢𶯣
ž
һΪࣻһǵҩһ˸߹һˡ
꣡
δײײƵ׻Ѫ֮ײÿζƽܲסʼƤѪˣ
ǱһľȻһƽһĹĿ˶ԷѪƣǲΪƴȫ
˼ֱǸӣԼǵʹһӣѵҪ
ϴʹĿ˶о壬ײѪʵû뵽ûеСս˾ء
СӸղһ֪˶ٵҩԪ棬ôȥҷҪˣ
һĿ˶еĴļԼԽǾԷɹȥһ㣬˥ٶȷǳˣҲƽʱ˲١
֮һվá񣬵±ǱϵʳҩֱӻˣòѰ
ôȥˣȻȻӮֻҲҪϵ
ͷв䣬ٿ̧߳һţ
ৣ
پˣȻӰ
ֻһеʱ⣬ûֻǵķѪ
ǱȴԤһ㣬ͬһ߳ߵķȴǶԷţ
СӼթ
ﺰţĿ˶ֺͳǱһƣϱѪ࣬߳΢΢һ̧ҪסǱ߳һš
δ롭
Ǳԭŵ֣Ȼһɣſг
˱໥ֱγ˾ƽ⣬һͻȻ֣ǽȻʧȥƽ⣬Ŀ˶͵ĺ
ҲŻţһʼվ׮ƽֻ࣬ҪָܻҴʱǱɵڽеĿ˶зһϲá
ʱ

Ǳ֧ŽŲŵĵȻѡ°ܵذѣ
ǰȥ
ȫײ˹ȥ
ţʲôУײкãĿ˶Ѿָƽ⣬ϵһ˦նǱһֻҲ㾢Ѫ˹ȥ
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ǧһ֮ʣǱֻ΢΢˫֣š
ݣѪ
һ߳
˫˲ΪӰƾ˺Хֱֱ֮ĴĿ˶֮ϣ
ǧ֣
Ӵ㣬Ҵ򣬶ǧֵҪ㣬֮
ᣡ
Ŀ˶ͬʱƫתǵƾųǱῪ

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ǱſһѪղƴܵ𵴡ˣһֱǿѹʱŷſ
Ѫ罣ֱͦͦײĿ˶˫ۡ
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ã
аУĿ˶ƴȫǰ߳һţҪ˳Ǳ
Ŀ˶ūǿ̫࣬бʵ˴УҲ͵ΪֹˡǱŤ˶ԷȣɰƵķţʹ߳ķʽ磬һһֱ̳ȥ
ͣ
ָӳٶȸǾޱȣֱӾͲ˵ѪС
ָ絶ȺĿ˶Ҽ۾ȫʧ
۵
Ŀ˶ԭϵڵء
Ǳ£ָ̺ͷ󣬱ڶԷѪб
ۣۣ
֮Ŀ˶Ӧǰ汻λãȻƾƿѪѪȪӿ䣬ֱӽǽڡ
Ǳδձٴ̣
ϰʹȻ£ָĿ˶ۿӡ࣡һͱˡ
󣬳Ǳֱֻ֣ͣۺϺµģһ´̹ȥ˫ֱּҪÿ̧£ѪĿ˶ı󼡷ҲӦλϱһѪѪȪɢ׷ɣɽĵǡ
ǵѪα鲼ǽϡ£Ŀġ
һ·Ŀ˶˱ˣײǽϣ˺û˹ǼܣббĿǽϡ
Ǳͣ֡
Ŀ˶֮˳ǽ䣬ǽһѪ
λϢ֮ǰһߣȴһҰۿѪϵҲã¶ƤƤѪմȾһؤģ
һˡǱӲĴؤ
㡭
Ŀ˶ΡΡ̧ͷ˫ĿѾ޷ͷ̧ŵҲǳǱڵķ򣬵еĻǶԳǱ˵ġ
㲻Ҫ⣬ҵֶΪұģǻʳѰͻϮɱңǵ֪ٸκοɳ֮͵ļԴԴϵıɣĸĸʦ֡
Ļû˵꣬ͱǱˡ
źļϴ϶һȥˣܿٴμǣȻһ硣
ǱһףĿ˶Ķը죡
ⲻܣЩЪ˹ѪһƬ״ħ
󣬳Ǳһ仰Ȼֹڵ
ղĪûע⵽ϵѪǴӾ¥ֱӹġ


114 ɣ̺ܾˣ
Ŀ˶̯ǽǣϵľ񶼱һ㡣
ǸղűǱһзֱ̣ʧȥսû¶ǷϵģΪԼˣֶӻΪԼ
ǳҲű
ǳǱһԼɱļֵܵʵĿ˶Ȼд֮ǰҲע⵽˳ǱϵѪЩɻ󣬴ʱһǱԣ̲סͻȥ˼
ģһƭңҪҲðܵģҶɼġУĿ˶ѾЩڲˡ
ƭƭȥԻ֪ǱҡҡͷĿ˶˹ȥ
Ŀ˶С֣ǱϿĽŲ֪޽óǱֵôΣҪԼǱһ˿š
ҲҪģɻţȻӰ쵽ŵһ̶ȣƿΪħ
ĪҪΪһȥ˽ˣһ˰ˣɲҪҵݣǿɵƱϣɱң͵ſɵıɣؽ磬ǿҪɱ㣬Ҫ˵СС¼ңౣҲȻ
ĻﴫǱУһԿף˳ǱԺһЩ䣬ЩƬιᴩγһ桪
ڿʽУսʤļȴɲ̭Ļ棻
һ·ߣȴͽĪ·һᴩķεĻ棻
صУȴ֪ͬΪӵķɽͼıԼھֵĻ棻
һ·شӪӢŵ֪ԷҲΪ˵Ļ棻
ƴ룬ͬΪͽķɼķɽȫնɱĻ棡
˸ڽڴڳǱл۳֡
ɡ
ѾߵĿ˶ǰһһ֣ŶԷĲӣ֮˵
Ѿ̿ɺܾˣ
˵ʲôĿ˶һﷺһ˿֮ס
ԷȻ;ȣǱ֣Ŀ˶ͷ
һ󣬺ֻǵĽַŵ˶Էͷϣȥһ̣ǽлҵĿ˶񣬵Ŀ˶ĿӣֻжпǱĻ
ǿĲԸŹңǾҵĵˣҪսʤĵˣҪߵΪսʤһսʤһɣԲܷŹκһ˿ߵĻᣡ
仰ո£Ŀ˶ͻȻеĳůͷϿʧ
Ҫһɣǡô£
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һɹůӴȫʹΪһůĿ˶ͷۼȥڳǱͷϵʧ
ůĲ뿪Ŀ˶еԽӱֹ⶯ĸоϰĽǽҲһ
׷ʲô
ܵѸ˥Ŀ˶о㤣ְռĸо⻹ǽеһůŶʱĿ˶ַĵ׵ıСηС
˵
뵽˴˵еһһԴԹĿֲһʷϡʷɹƽٵˡ
ܵģܵģģǿһУԲɳҪ취֪ͨ
һ˲䣬Ŀ˶жڿɵĶҡˣڿɺͳǱ֮ʤϵǡ
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һϵľڵıΪж˺ܶůƽʱϲ٣һȥĿ˶Դʱ飬Ĳʲô˼άֶζڡ
ʬ壬
ǱǰȥĿ˶һЩƬΡ
ļķ̷ļ϶ķɽԼ׳־δꡱļϴķɼӰһջΪǰĿ˶ʬ塣
ļҡļҡԭͬʯѹҼϡͷȻȻ
ǱһȻ˳ȥ
ʱֱܳߣþòɢ
Ǳ֮ɱ¾֮·ֱԭļҪıھֻҵʱļңڳǱһսʤĴڡ
£ʱ䣬ļҵļͶϡ
һֵóԸĸоڳǱзЩĳȣȣҪ쳤Хĳ嶯
ʵΪֻЩĸֻҪҪܽ
֪Լɱ˵Ĺ
ǵĿ˶˿˿ůƺҲܵӰ죬һһڳǱչһอǿѪǣһֱ뵤ڻȥ׳
Ķ׳Ǳӵϼ⵶ǰȻĿһת˰ϵľƺһ˹ſھͺȡ
ˮ˳ź£мֱ飬ѵõʼ
𾡳ˣҾƣ
ӿѪڣ׳
Ǳֻеĵ׵ĳ죡


115 
Сʦ壬˵ǻϵüô
ļסĿջ棬͵ҷٿš
ӦûüġҷͷѾ˿ջǰ΢΢ٶȡ
ǸĿ˶ôūҲôܼȻڼ˵Χ£ūڵһ˵ȫɱǵԵĶĿ˶ӦҲưɣʵ
ʦֶ˽˿ջĿ˶סķ䣬Ȼ治⿿˵ȻᣬֱӾ¥ݡ
Ŀ˶ūͬūΪˣܴսʹȲĿ˶Ŀ˶ƹſɵһƽߣʹ֪޽£ټͨоݣǱʦֶǽˣҲ룬óȻ佻֣ԣҷܱ˵
ɾˡۿĿ귿ҪˣﷴʢҲ飬ǡûиеˣɳǱϾ飬Сʱһһ뵽ܷĺһֱ³
õģǸղһͨؼǰ;û˷ʱ䣬Ŀ˶ȡϷ磬һʱҲò³ǱֶĿ˶˻иϰߣϲȽֽеȻϷŪŰɱԡĻҷûм˵ȥΪͳѾƿĿ˶š
ĿģǵѪǽϡϺݶǿҵӾ
ţǵ̱ǽǵǾʬһɨͣڷм䡢žƺŵǵӰϡ
⡭ˣ
ɫӲĵҷ촽ȶ³ôһ䡣
龰ĸˣ﷢սѾˣǱʤߡ
Сʦ壬㲻˵Ŀ˶ǿôмҲûʱ䣬ôϹˣһ͵ؿŷڵĲ״²Ȼš
ĻþȡЩĵҷعˡ
ҷ죬ƺҪ˵ʲôֻһ仰٣μǱֶӰˡ
ʶĵ˵ͷ
֮ǰھ¥Ǿһգ˱ȥǱ˼һӵɱˣѪһݣɱߣۼ
£ǸҲǱӪ׼һţľǵͷѪУǱֵȾƣ
һ޼ɣĸо
Щ飬ǰ˵ҲϿԼôһˣ𺳸лз
ǱȻע⵽˵ĵ˿оˮת˵硢ʦ壬ãɱˣг죬ȴиδҪȥҲѧѧˣȵƣӢ֮ʹһ˵ţӣƣҪתһԵĴȥ
ţһȣ
ۿǱҪȥҷæֹ˵ʱмУӣǽһ
һ쾪Χˣס¥µļʹҲҪ̽顣
ʵղųǱĿ˶֣ٷǳҲС˵ע⡣
ֶȥӦһ£ҽӦ˺ܿҪˣ֮ǰҪñ̤ⷿ벽ҷתͷԸ
סͷ־ɲĿ˳ǱһۣȻ˳ȥ˷š
ֻʣµҷͳǱȻһʬ塣
ҷعͷеʦֶӢѾյϢڹȥҵˣҲòˡ˵ʱϱУ˵Ҳʵ顣
Ŷ
Ǳüͷ
׻һôҲԣӢԼȥ¥£¥Իһʱ֪ͨ¥ҲļֵϢ֪Ŀ˶ֻұȴѶ˵ٶҪһЩ
Ǳҡͷ˵ЩһʼͶ뵽һЩҲ⡣
㣬ϢǴڷ״̬ģ֪˻նɱֻҪõпͻϮ֣Ӣ
ڵҷ׵ĸӢյϢˣôǱҲ֪ԼļƻǲԸˣЩŭ
ʵǲˬԣշת࣬Ҫϰ䣬Ҫ󰵼ұˣκҰ䶼Ը⣬˵ʲôʱһȭŵ
Ҳô˵ġҷҡҡͷΪ¸ضأʱ㻤ʲô©ġ
¸ٺ٣ǱһЦǲǳ¸ˣ˵ҪңһνļҲˣҲһˣĶǵģ󣬲þͱǿȥ
ǱЦݸҷһֿ͸µĸо
˵ˣɱ˳俣ǳ¼ͶȻݣҲǸɱ֮ɱҲӦãҲ־ܣʱǳ¸뱣ⲻҪͻѪһ¸ҲȥˡǱ˵ʱ΢г˳¸ָȥδ
ҷ˳Ǳֻⷬеһɭĵ


116 ж߹
ɱԵǴ⣡ֱָģֶֻҪеһΪҷо壬ȴЩǱһ䡣
һʱ䣬˸ԳĬһƬš
ãҷ緽ٴοڵˣ㲻ƺĿɱܿܲС
ס
Ǳͷ书ɱˣô򵥣ҲǾһģԸֻܴţܾ⣬עðҲΨԴΪ޲ߣϷܽӶˣ
ǱԴӰʦɱܾ֮һ·ɱ¾أÿһζ֣ɱˣһӶͣеίʵڵչ
ףǱܹһĿǷֲģҪ֪Ǳƽʱȭ˯˻ʶ䣬Ŀ˵ȭ֣δһи
ֻˣһףʱɱ˶˶ˡ
ɷݺ£Ļȭͷʵ
ʵΪ
Ĭ⼸ʣǱһ̤ʵ֪Լǰ·ģĿʲô
һɱЩˣҲʲôǣڴǰҪԸˣڶǰҪͳǱԵ³
һɱˣǱҲǾ棡
Ҫ䡢ܴţնһз֮⣬һְ취֮˼֮˱ߣֱӣԿ־ѹ⣡
ҳ䡣
Ǳĺܼ򵥣ϣԼԲʵ߷壬;Ҳ޷־
ʱԵҷĸ룬ǱԺе뷨Խ
ɱ֮ʲôɱǰûȥ룬ǳȥ˶ѡǱ˵š
ҷһЦ̾Ϣһ֪Ǳ˵ʵ顣
ͺ˶ֱ䣬ֻ֣ΰܵоˣ֮棬˷û˵ָľǳǱˡ
ˡĩˣҷҡҡͷЩ飬ʦȥͷȥɣҲɱĲˣ俶ɱˣܸиһظɡˣ㸸ĸѾ˸֪ǲѾȺϼһȥѵˡ
Ⱥϼһ
Ǳ˫ۣԺ˼ΡΡӰһڱ¼ҵʱЩӰϴм̨˳¼ҵʵȨ
ããټˡ
ųǱ仰ҷĵ׵һƺٴð˳Ҫѣſֲ֪˵ʲôֻա
󣬶˳
⣬¼ҵѾˣΪͷߣ¼ȻȹļҸֶΣⷿ䵹û˿
ˣ
ҷͳǱһͬ߳ĳ˿
ߣظҷû˿ͣ˼һھͶг̡
ظֻеҷ硢Ǳ˶ѣֻҪﴦ¡
Ǳ¥ţһջϤʹĶС
ˣ磬˵ļֵܾסô˹ǲҸȥͨһӭһ£
ô鷳ֱȥһԳȵ֮
ǱЩӡǰ¥ĹӸ磬Ԫ֮ǰǸҲڳĶ֮һ
ȻûǱ˾ͿǰһȺˣŹʣʹӳȺʮ㡣
ǱǣҲ˳Ǳ
Ӵⲻǳ¶ôеҴˡԪƤЦⲻЦĵ
͵ҷͬʱüëֻһ񣬾Ҫ뿪ȻԪԸ
Ԫôŵҷ뿪һתһŵı飬еףⲻǳô⻰ǳųǱ˵ģƸոշֳǱһ㣬ǰһڳǱǰ
ǱüͷҲ
ԪûǱı飬ֻǵЦŵ磬˵ԴϴμʶֺСȥҸͣңܹʲôģպлᣬҸҲүǰӪ㿴Σ
ֱӳˡ
⻰һҷͳɫࡣ
Ǳǳ¼ˣҵŶ˵ǱȥʲôܹܣֱӴ
ǻܹʲôְλ
ⲻʲôĹְǴ˼ҿͷϵһֳƺ˵ˣūţ
߼ūš
Һͳ¼Ҳ̣ԪԳ¼ǳ˵⣬κܵó¼ѿ飬֮¡
οǱĵϸѾ˲˸
ֻһھ֣˺ļңھȥˣɳҵжͬҲڳݳ¼ңνǾĿԵУԮ
ΪٸߣҲһӵóӵģܾܿ͵ҷļģļֵʲôˣȻӦʱ͸¶һ˿֮⣬ǱÿźŸ
ԪϵЦݺܴݣɢһгϢ
Ҳµӣʲô飬Ӣ׷ֱӽǱȥʲôʧһūŶѣ¼ҵѾˣ
ţҪζԳǱﾡʱǱˡ
Ҫңĳжµ߹ūţ


117 Ǻã
ǱĻһڣԪЦݾͽϡ
ԣЩҲסˣǵҷͳ˿Ϊ֣Ƕ˾ġ׷𡱣ڳǱԸ·Ѿ˴µ˽⡣
ܿ죬ȺͻعһֵߣһΪԪƽģ
ʶôôõĻǰȻ֪ϧ
ЦΪԼǺˣҪһô¼ҵҲ䣿
һݵ壬㴫ңǳ¼򵱵ıܱģ

ģֵıԪ˻Ҫ˵ĻҲվһԵĳˮ˫ȭգ֨֨Ĺǽ졣
һھܾԪɫȻÿֹ˵ۣϧĶԳǱǸ˲ţҪָ·δ뵽ȻǸԲѵĿͽ߹Ҫ߹˲֪ж٣
˵ţҡҡͷ
µ˵Ȼ˵ģ¥ϵļֵܣλĵܣҪ㣬Ҳһ仰£
˵ţһȻ֮ɫ
ͶңĲ˵ݳû˸Ҷ㣡ϧϧȻ־ҲͲǿˣϣ㲻Ҫڡ
Ҳϣ㲻Ҫڶ˵ⷬǱͷֱӻص
㣡£ԪάֵķҲЩеķߺ޼Ƴ˶ֵͷ
ͷմĵ𣬳ǱĿ˹˫ڰ׷͸¶˿˿âƱеâԪһëէ
⣡
ԪȻ˼뿪˳Ǳԡ
Ǳٿкų͵ҷ磬뿪
磬Сţôˣ뿪ıӰ̲ס
˵ţ˿Ԫŷֺһ԰֮ɫ
ţôˣɫ̫á
û¡ԪǿȻ԰ɣɫָ٣ųǱȥķЦһ⾴ƲԳԷƵĶĸҶҪͷǱȻҵ沵ңǺǣ𱰣ѹܽԹôˡ
磬㿴ҪҪһԣһҪ˵һ󼱴ҽŲ֮ϡ
ţô㣿ҸģԪϳ˵ݣԼСˡ
үүˣү֪ļֵܣص֪Сܹ֪˵˳ˣˣ˵ᵽǸ¼ɵģ˰޽ɣүԶ㡭
ﲻ࣬˵ȴġ
һڹӸ羡ɫ䣬еɫ԰ףȽŷֱڵء
˵ʲôļֵܡг俣ūǱɱˣôܣֻһ˰Ԫɫɷס
ģǰڳ¸ӦϢС˼æ䡣
ܣļֵڳǱ֣֮ΪλҪǰļסҿջⲻǶһô
䣬Ĵ󺺾ͻŻŵĴӿջ˳ֱײģͷӬһ㡣
˾һֹӸԱߣвͣ߶Ļ˸š
ô죬үȻˣ¿ɳ˴ˣҪλ֪ˣٴļңһ
ϽһܶȴԱߵһڹӸǳסˡ
ȻЩŹʵĹһмղųԳǱĸֱһƨ̱ڵϡ
ǺãļҶүĿ˶ĸְҲûָ֣ô˵ˣһǸղųǱ
նɱ֮ͽմˣҪ˺һ
޽ɰΪг¼ܣѹ޿֣һǺҵȡ
Ԫͬɫ粻Żֺ̿ͺ֮ɫתͷ˿һŵĿջҧҧߣܼˣ
䣬ӵ뿪ڶæϡ
ͻȻԪͣ½ŲԵС˵ȥҼĴڳӪƥѪǣֱ͵¸˵ǱһԵŰݼ
Ļһ˵ԱߵǷγѣҲʼæԸʹӣ׼ȥ¸

ҲһڹӸĴæ˵Ǳһ˻ص¸ʱ򣬳¸Ȼ󿪡
ˡҷ簵̾һͳһۣϲɫֻɫȴԳǱġ
һ˵լŲ״򿪣ֻзڡӭʱ򿪣ƽʱ֮˳ԱߵĲ߶
£Ųˣﻹڳ˲С̡
źĴԺһľ;ڷţÿһ϶һͲСˣ£ŭ
ǸվȵŮһŻݰ𪣬ȻǸ
ֻǣλλȴһˡ
Ǳŵҷ硢кĿһɨȻͣ½Ųɫ䣬ĺҪγˮ
Ժӵһ˹
ϣ
ŭ𣬿ʼڳǱȼ۾һ˿ΣյĻĵ״
ˣ
Ĵűˡ


118 һ
¸ǰԺռع󣬻ľһӦȫһСС԰֡
ʱ԰ֵյϱһȺʮŮռˣڵ·Ŷƹٸһ㣬ͲҴˡ
ǱУһԭ˯ǾԴɨӹһ˫˫ǵĿУ͸¶Ϻͷŭ
һŮͬĬĽͶ˹ǵϲ˰Ȼ֮ɫ
һߺƹһУԱĿĸоһ˳ѹ
һѪһ֪Խ񣬶ڴĿⶼио̶ֱһĿˡ
ţ
Ǳһ£Ȼ¶һĨЦŭʢ
һͬĿĸоѾ˵һǣˣ͸¶ȫǵ⣡Ⱥ߲ƣֻǵ׶ûѪȵˣĿ⿴׺ݣȱɱ⣬ǿиɡ
ţ۾ֻ¶һ۷죬һ˿˿âţ䵽λõļϡ
⼸ӡ󣬶ǽ׵λġ
⼸϶޸ͶʱǷǳ⼸ˣɫԽ䲻ϰ䣬ҲһƣȨƹȻˡ
һմȨָʹ£ѵ⡢Сͷö֮ͻһơͳ˷ֱ
£⼸˸ϣ߿ƽƽӹƫƫһ־Ӹµĸо
ǾôţһעųǱԺžأͬĿĵĳѾϼ
ЩҲǳǱˣǳϼҵݳǰͶģЩŮǵ󱲣ǳ¸ϵ֧ϵ
Ǳ΢΢üͲЩװǻƵĿ⣬˵ЩԼϵһߣսʱ׺ĿҪЩǿʮ
һתǱԺһȥ
ĸĸڵϣ׳Ĵһԣһְֻڳļ米ϣֱϽǰ͹Ȼѹš
һĻǱŭڡһͳ
ҷҲ˹ڽĳޣҲŭ𣬵ʶҪˡ
Ȼ
Ȼ񲣬תԭҲʼˣֹϥ֮裿һתǱһȣ֮㣬Ÿĸֱȥ

ڳǱ˲䣬һɳƵıȴ
¶ȥҰĿ𳤵ĲФץ˵׵һˡ
ǡ
Ӧ𣬾УһӦһΣһͿߣ
ţһ
һ


ɵľȻתӹֱǰĳǱ
ţ˵нٶȺþˣ
ǱһתͷͿ˳ĳ¶
ԶЩ¸֧ϵһӵ¶ЦȻ֪¶֣˾С֣
ƽЩڳ¶߲оͻܱ⻹˼Ľ
Спͷˡ

һ𣬶䳰ȷֻ
У¶գۼ嵽˳Ǳߣһ̧֣һ˹ȥ
Ѫڣ˫תͨѪƱߵһ˿˿Ǳһ㣬ˡ̡졣
üһ˵ˣһ֣۷״̬һ´ˣҲҲҪѲƤ׺ֶΣ
üëһǱĵ׵ŭ𳹵ױһ׺֮Ű
˭ֶΣҵĸĸ裡
˫͵һ٣ƶֹڵֱӳ⵶ֱӾͿ˹ȥ
ǳ¶ԲǴѡѪ֮ȥⳤһתѸޱȵΧųǱתһȦӰá
ṦһĳṦ
ۿų¶Ծλ֮յıܿԼϵĵ棬̧ƴһ˹ǱȴϵĳŶԷһЦ¶˰ɭɭݡ
ף¶һɻͬʱֲ֮С
ţͼǱ丧һ£Ȼһ˦
ৣ
һкХһˮ
°
¶ֳ︡ʻ㡣
Ҳһͷ
Ľ棬ɵĴĺ
Ǳ˦
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˴ǱŽĸĸȥ¶ĵǰ˼Ȼͨһڵأȫ鴤˼£ͼžˡ
ˡ
һĻһȺ֮
һ¸֧ϵӵϻЦȴ̡
磡
ѹų󺺵ɴ۾ؽкţӣ
󵨰Ф֮£Ȼɱˣ޷죡޷죡Ҫ췴ҹ£֮ǰó¶ץǱɫ䣬ŭȣվ
ͬһʱ䣬һҲ
򣡲򣡡
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119 
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˰ѹţСְסļ׵ڵ㣬óʹϾƴҪվӣЧ΢ΪͶԺѪ˿
ʱ򣬳ǱҲк
򣡡
ţĪҲ뷴壿۾һɣŭʤ΢΢
Ϊ٣˵¼󡢱ߵˣҲҪһ塣
˵ѯֻǲϵظš֣ϵıҲӷŭΪˣǴĵ׼䡣
ټ״һȻλı֣֮ǰϲ٣ɻ֢һ֢ۣ۳ʲô
һߣǱһ·Ȼ˳򸾸ǰ˵һɨ⵶ͬʱӳ
ৣ
⵶ķҲö˵ǰҲǿһһһ䳹ĸоֵĴ󺺼״ҵֵ׷ֺˡ
˵ÿģȴûгǱĿ죬һȣֱŵףűǱĳٶ˲˻ΪӰ
꣡
꣡
һһĵת۲󺺵֮ڣ
⣬Ǳɫ䣬һֱۡ죬ǹڵŵ裬󺺰ʮӱ˦շɳڿлһߣˡ䵽˳ٵǰ
غ£žͳײ
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һĻٵɫһ䡣
ЩԭʮŮɫ԰ףʵû뵽ǸеļӡǸǲ˶ٵĳǱȻһ棬ɱˣ
һʱ䣬Щ˶ЩսľҴˡ
Ҫ֪ƽȻͼϵĳĲԸоͷǼǡΪΣֳĶһֶϵĹɲǱ־ɱˣ
һ̣ˣԵĶ֡ҪⷢӵĶ󣬲ƽЩҹӸ磬Ǹһ·ɱ¾
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Ƕ⸮ҲʵȨһΪ²һ¸ƽﶼͳ¼ͽãһɣҪϵ
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˶һۣӶԷп֮ɫ
һߣǱһһ׾ٵĸɵش󺺣˳ĸǰһ壬һȻ˫ֽĸĵϥϳ
ϸղſӳ̶ɱˣϻл֮̿ɫǱ󣬲ŻعĵһǽǱȻǿ򶨵ؿŲԶĳٵˡ
롭λϣҪҶϵı¶һ˿ҡ
ϵ飬١²¸еȨİȫУһɫظ
£²˵
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һʱԭء
ǱһתϺͳǰסϣᶨ
ТӳǱ۸ĸЩ˵裬д棬ãΨȡ˫׿еնǰ·䣬԰γ⵶תٵ˹ȥ
Ǳֶ侲һ㡣
ҷ״æǰȰ裬³ǱĴɱ䣬ЩһһնɱһĲˡ
ǳ¶˵ֲϾֻʹӣӰ첻
ʦġ
Ǳҷͷͣ½ŲĿֱųٵˣڼϣڵˣ˵ʲôֱ˵ɣһҪȥĸӷϴĻ֮ǰɱˡĸΪıһ˼
Ǳδٵ˷
л˵
ԣ
ǣҪҳǱĸĸվֱӣ롣
޷죡޷죡
²޵ؽҧһȻĳΪ¼ӵܣɱͬ壬˴Ҳ֪ڸģֹȻɱˡײĿ޼ҹ巨Ѿħֻ䣬ҳ¼֮ǬҵȾҪüҷ㣡ϵıҩҲ񹤾ߣҲҪһһս
һԵĳ¸ҲһŭɫûλǱмʵĿ𳤣УǴɰΪΪΪˣˣҳ¼мҷ˼ңаѰ·λ죡
˶Ǻͳ¼͸һģҪķ˵ʱ䳹ճ¼ң俱ɱıңȻԳǱ֮ǣҪɱ֮󣬰ϵıҩȡ
ӣӣӣ
ߵ֮ʱԺߵһЪ˹ĽкȥټһԹ֮ɫĳ¼
ɱֵܣɥĲǱǺ˹ᣬҪ߸ҳ¼ңӳ俷ˣɱڣһڣһҪĴñӿ˹

δ룬ǧָĳǱȻͷЦЦЦø¼ң


120 ֻǱ
ͽЦʲô
ɫݣһ֮ɫĴǰһȴֹ̧
ǱҡҡͷڿҹҷҵҪʣ¼ҸʲôСҶݱһ˵ʱ򣬳¼ģɳӢҸ׵ʱ򣬳¼ʲô˵㣬侮ʯһҰٰ裬֮й֮޲һǻţֻἤС
˵ţЦһһ򣬵Ҳ֪֮ӳ㣬Ӿ縹ģ֮ӳȮӾˣ֮ӳ棬Ӿܳ𡯣¼㲻ңͨģǵȻó侮ʯ֮£վҪҪտڼҷҹ棬ͽЦ
øɵĶ
ʱ򣬳¼Ѿߵ˳ߣȻɥӣȻǷߺ쳣ӻǣųʩһȻתԳǱŭǳ¼Ҹģ⸱Ѫǳ¼Ҵ裬ȡκγɾͣǰݴãܳ¼Ҵ¼ͱ÷
ⷬ˵̺˵ԺӣǸǽ֮⣬һ
١²¸ͷǡ
¼˵ţŲ߶Ժ룬һ˫ͨ۾ضųǱ̺ŵĳޣƾȼգ
Ǳ㲻˼ҲͰˣǹˣı׵ܣնɱ㣬ڶ೤ǰɱ˶ײ񼫣ɱ֮أѱ̻ܽ죡ѾħǧУ
˵ţתųٵ˹˹֣һһĵҿλܹռҹ潫ǱܰƤ̣֮ˣ˽޷ҲҪһ⣬ӣҳ¼ԶһҪִɲ׹
øִ
Ǳ¼;ȻĸҲǣ۾Ĩ˸š絶Ŀڼĳһһɨƽֻеŭɱⲻ
俹ļҡҲֺң¼͸Ӹǹа̣ƶøЩǲܣȴ˵ҹˣͼ߸ҵ߸ʲôҪɱңҾɱ
ǱĿɨļʱûһ䣬׹ѣʶƿĿ⡣
Ǳֿ¼͡
¼ͣҲҪ׷ѴˣһȺ˾ۼѾҪԸҳǱˣҪҸĸǣ˵˵ͨˣֻǶ죬ſڴƻƣ
һ䣬ǱһΣֱ˳¼ͣ
ÿͽﻹҶ֣
¼Цһ˷γֱӴ˹
¼ң
Ǳһȥ¼һӭ
ľ
ɱУԹأƷǿѪϣÿһιǱʮ㣡
¼һ֣ʱֱֱĳ
СҵĵҲС书ۿ¼һ־ȥ޻صɱУ顢Լһ£Ǳһݣ˽սɵ֫ˣ˳嵶ᣬзֳһۣѪͬ
뵶Ļɽ룡
뵶Ʒ
Ǳһȥ˫۾ʱǺХ֮ϵ˿ըѿѪ죬벻⣬⼣߰ߵĵлΪâֱϮȥ
һɽ룬Ѫͬնȥһǰ
ƵС㲻ֽ֪ƵȵģЦ¼ʽ䣬͵ſϳǱǾı顣
俶ΪҪ㱨ˣһý֧ϵʱ϶ƹ¼ҷѣֻܾͷΪģ
ͷͷУཻ
꣡
׹׵𣬳¼ͺ󱳺ëǿҵΣбʶһ㣡

Ѫ磡
һֻ޳շɳ
ǡ˭֣
ֻϤƣ¼һ㱣ͱ󴦱ľʹȫûˣĺ
һն˳¼յ֣Ǳȴû׷ΪһԼȵĺХѾϮˣԭվڳٺĴ󺺳ˣ
һ֣չֳ˵ٶȣһգ۵Ĺ򣬾ʹӳ嵽˳Ǳǰ
ṦǱƤһյԿֱϮĴ󺺡
ҳһΪϵֵܱɡһĮһΣȻڳǱһࡣ
һղűնɱ˽¶ǵǹϵǳ
ǱӦսһ֮ˣȻһУǽսĺ֢Ҫľͣһ
ٳһ£һӦþϼһǵˣһˣҲʡպ鷳
Ǳţһȴǳ˵Եĳ¼͡
¼ʹʱһ԰׵վ𣬶ԾһתͷͿǱĵͷ¡


121 Կȥ
ˣ
¼һֻеһˮͷ䣬ͷš
ʱһ󾢷Գȴǳһ˹Ȼһڳ¼ϣ߳˵֡
ǱԴ˺⣬һתֱӾһնȥκζԷһת̤˼Ȼ֮յ±ܿ˵棬ֱλ˳Ǳ࣬һ߳
ҪүǣҵľȻŻ͵Ϯңˣٶȣұ۾׷һЦţֻۼҪгǱ
Ǳ΢΢۾۷кâҵƶٶȻ㣬ǳٶδءаţǱֱӴ̽
߳
ָ絶ѿֱϮһĽơ
ǲ˳ǱһеƣһսҪˡ
䲻ģǱ̽УȻ亮âһһϸĽＤ˲Խ˶֮ļ࣬˳һĽŵס
Ǳǲ֪ʱİصʱһгֵĻᣬһ˳ȥ
һšŤתڳһĽŵзһ󡰸֨죬ߺëըѣ
һɫٿһƬɷס
ǱһЦһһѪξѪ̫࣬γһѪߣ
ŵˣĪ㻹ܼʩչṦ
Ǳս־һն˹ȥ
һŵˣжӰ죬ȻֹѪǽ±ǱһšĹˣǿһҲһģˤڵء
һ٣ʧȥǱȻŹһն˳ȥֱһĺ󱳣ȻһѹϰշѪӿ꣬Ѫռ˲СһطһЩ¼֧ϵŮֽȥˡ


үү
ȺδүСʱæмŲ·Ĵӣ߶ϡǿάģҲײˡ
һʱҳһƬɹֿӪϸʧ
ǱȴЩŵųһϰ˹ȥ
һϰغһڵºôһ̲ѪȻδȥ
Ǳߵߣ˵
һ̧ͷмھֺͿ֮ɫΪӿѪˮ̫࣬˵ˡ
ʱ
ǱСס֣ĪҪһٴĪԼĸôҪ˺һϵӲԶ
ǳ٣˵úܼϵ΢΢ţҲ֪Ϊ־廹Ƿŭ֣յĹȫˣеıʹɼһߡ
Ǳתͷȥŷ֣֪ʱӵ˳ߣͬǣ˸ŵжԼĸĸ
в֮Բ
ҪøĸǱͶ
һĻ󣬳ǱʱĿѣеŭ𳹵׵ı
еĳ͵һ壡
꣡
һͷ­֮Уǵк͹ĦԵԺе˶
˿ȥǱؿų٣ƽ˵һˣڣͶû뿪ˡ
Ǳ˵ߣȴ̺ĳħһĵ׺ӿеߴķ綼쬵ģ˵ɭС
һ˵⻰ȲҪ˵Щľϵĳˣƽﲻһ֧ϵүСǣ̾ͻ䳰ȷˡ
£ǱЮɱ˵ĺպ»Űµʬ壬Զ¼ĵıţⷬ˵˵ĸоȫϷԺͳ滰
ĴҪͬھ
ٲ˵ˡ
²ˡ
¸Ҳͷˡ
ǺȻãǰĳǱĻǸˣǸմ߳ʱ׼˶ɵҰޣ
Ǹ֮ͽ⡭
ԥţһ仰˵òãļ˳Ǳԣʱòݻõٻûüܣˡ
Լ˲ˣͻ
õָų򸾵ɫ԰ףеĵղסˡ
ųǱ仰һ˵ԭҺԺӾȻ˲䰲ˡ
ЩƽշסףһС΢ģЩŵĸо
ôɱˣЩƽ۸ڶļһǣȻһͱģҲ̫ţֲԶĵҷҲƵı飬˶һۣӱ˴˵һĨȡ
ڶ೤ԳǱһңȻﻢµĸо
ʱһƣԺд
˰ɣҲֹˣɢ˰ɡ
ǱϤүүģֻǺƽյĺ仰¶һ˿Ƿ֮⡣
Ǳ־ɥĳ²ʱ˾תͷķ򺰵Ǳ̫֮ˣֲ˼ڸģ׷Ź
ǱǱһɱסˣΣסڲʱԳ֣ѹһǱȻֵҲû˹ǡ
ôһΪɻҳ¼ʧ֪ǳ¼ҾȻôһ֮ͽ¶ҵˣ
Ļ䣬һԭפſڵС˾ͼ˹ߵһ䡣
²ɫһ䣬ʧʲôǱƷǱ˵ջǰ¸ݷã


122 Цô˵
²ɫѿ
߸˵ǱΪ¼Ĩڣ¼һᱻҴų⣬Ǳ߾˸иҵӵǱҪԹݷãνǸӡ
²϶ɾһתЦһͶеĳ˸Ӱݻû죬ȻͺҴٽύˣȻֶβţˣС
ⷬ˵ÿνģڿ޳ǱĽʵÿһ䶼ڰָǱ⡢ͳ¼ҵϵͨˡ߸¼ҵľٶ
߳²Ļո£ǱߣһС˴⼱
СǸðʧ˻ڰ;զּҡ޼ҡҶЩƷǱү˵ҪջԹŰݷá
仰еļԺе˶˸
ˢˢˢ
һĿͶ²
²һֻĸо
ոհָǱңּҡ޼ҡ˹ˣЩȻȲϳ¼ҡңҲŵ壬ƽǳ²ҲھţҪΪ۰
⻹꣬ţǼС˽˵˼ƣһ£²ղŵĻǱһЦ
һܣǻпǹᣬҪǺôļ嶼ϵǾֻ˵ǳ裬ڽύˡ
ֻǣڳˣҷͳµԭˣ˿ֵһѪĳǱ
ôһﶼǸ˰ɣ
Ǳûбֳɻֻǽһ˫ĿųٵˣʱעŸĸǱߵĶһǱ춯̾ơ
һߣٵҲǽԭأ̣ΪľǽųǱ飬¼ϵţԵȻûеõ׿ϣ̳ϵĳ⣬õĴ󺺣ǡ
߶໥š
³һȫʧذҿӣռʲôˣǴһϵŰǽԼ˺ò׽ţ
뷨ڼ˵Ժš
䲻ִ˹
ôɢôĪҪֵȫǽ֪ɣǱ֮£дáѾдһ˿ŭŭʵһ㣬ŻԺɢţγһƣײԺÿһ˵ϣ˶һݡ
ǱҲ⣬۾һ
⡭ӦǷĳԵ鷿￴صļأ˵ܹɱߣһ쾳ߣô˵үүȻѾ쾳Ϊˣ
߳Ǳ˼Ǳ߳ټҲǳһſ˳Ǳһۡ
ˣȻ˵ҪԴҵҲͲԽ޴ˡ
˵Ű˰֣ȻմҲǸǼ϶һ̨£ǻþգȲ˵˳˺ƤǳֵĳǱ¾òϾԼߵĸȫΨһеսĳ¼Ҳһֻ֡
ܿǲܳܡ
һҲ˿
СӺˡ¸Ц
ܳʲôʱܲ˽ɣ²俴˳Ǳһۣ䡣
ߺҲǸҪط
վڳԵĳֵһʱͼææľܿˣ³Ǳºˡ
ۿţƺεļҪ޼ˡ
ʱ
˵ҪңͲɷ˵ĲƣҪҶҪңۿǲΪȻһ䳡滰Ҫɢȥô˵飿
ǱԺ
ƵʱŰ裬ۿòˣȻƨɾˣЦǵҳǱӲɣǱЦţһŵ棬˾ͳȺ
Ҫɱң

ҵĲһ£ǲǱնˣ
ǱٶȺ٣һЩȲ֡֫ڵүСֱӾͻΪһ硣
֮أѾǱƵˡ
ЩүС㣬ԭϵĳǣһҲǳ̬ٳսľ֮ƿڴ֮ͷ֮
ĳҲδס
ȨߣҪָʹԽ
죡죡켱еĿţϵ嵴ջʢ
ǿеĻδüǱӰѾǰ
ϻôҲʡҵĹ򡣡Ǳ˵ţ磬һµڳ˵ϣĶϵ㡣
ᡢ顢ۡȸʱϱ
ܵĥʱᵹȥ
ǱһЦһ̧֣⵶ֱӾȥ
ԶŮӼƼ
Ǳ֮ͬ˶ôһŭĽкԶд˹ƿ˲һˣ
δ£һ׳˶ӰԶ֣Ǳͫһžͷǰһˡ


123 ɱ
һӴľڳǱĵϱ
ǱյֲѳֲסҪɵơ
кһ͵һҧѪͬʱӲĵסǹɾԭء
ֻǣɫȴȻ԰ףնĴҲ
ڳǱǰˣһɫĴ멣뷢԰ףһվһɱ뺷Ϣ
ǳ¼֮
ʱλƽȡɫɫÿ͸¶ľɫ˫ĿѪ˿
ջ֣Ŀڳ˵һһɨ˳Ǳϡ
ֵָ˳Ǳ⵶
͵Ϊֹˡ˵һֲɵζ
Ļܶ˶ʶӣЩ֧ϵүСǣ϶¶η֮ɫ
ڳ¼ҵƣܱȵģΪǳ¼ܹĸԴ
Ǳ΢΢۾ҡҡͷе޺ģ⣬֮ǰ˳һºأҪݡЩ϶ͷƤضˬ죬һֻ棬˴˶վɾ
üͷһ˫ӿųǱȻһ˿Ĺ⻪
䵽ǱϣǱپһȻĸоĵһ֮֡Կͷתܵĳ嶯
ߵĳˣһεؿųںоâ֮ʣһȻƺߣɫһףίȥ
ţѹĪǾͷţ
Ǳ˫еøϸˣǿѹͻȻðָһҲվԭأһϢγɡ
ţƺЩ⣬üͷĸڷֳǱɲΪʱ̾˿ϷҲ˽ǰԵɣǸɵҲ֪ˣЩԺ飬ɡ
үүΪ쾳ߣҪɱЩϻʵףЩϼһ˼ҪηŹ´ٳ֣϶ȫ׼Ҳһܹмܣ
ͷһ۽ŵĳˣǱ˼ת
俵ڶֶ֪ԮοЩϺꣿֻүүƤնɱǲ̫ʵҹ£и֮ʱͳһոʡպ鷳
תͷһԶĸĸվڸԺΧԵø롣
ȥЩɱӺԿ־СҲҸĸڸڸӰȫ¸չ鲻ҵĹޣ뾡ʵգøĸװټ£
һˣǱڵҲϲķѾЩ߰ϣǺͳǴһЩֻһλᣬǻ´ΣǾһ信Ȼˣ游޼ɵҲڽһɱֻҸĸ޹꼰ǡǱǳԼϣΪжԼ˱ɱ֮ġ
飬дáͷĸĸҵĶӶϱԻᱣݡ
Ȼ游ʱûдɱҵĴ㣬ҾҪƽһˡǱϹž޲ϲޱγٵݺңôˣ˵ΪҽΪǿšһ£Աóʹ֮ġ
Ҫʲôܸɴʵ
ղųһʩչӦһṦɣұҪǲǱ⡣
ȻǱеĴ㣬ҲԥֱӿӦ¡
ⲿҲ˽⣬ټȴԸ͸¶һֱ֣Ϊ˼ǢҲһֱһֻ۱һֻۣǱôһ֣һЩԭĶԱ̨棬Ҳȥˡ
ӣһˣһֳô飬һֱǿάֵļҲ쾳ĸ߳ʵɸеᡣ
Ѿʮˣ˵ǿ׳˵ͼת£¼ⱲӵѪһԶ֮أ޵дƴģԵŸľУһֱά֣վƾӪ˽һĻ
ڳľٵȻвԸȴҲֻܲˣȻ֪Ǳʲôľٶ޷ĺЩˡ
̣̣̣Сʱһʱҵнʵһʧ֮ʱˣ
ߴӱ˴˵񽻻жͬ뷨Ӧ˳顣
һ粨ʱƽϢˡ
ʱ
ķ籩Ǳڰӿ֮¡
һӳǱ뿪ʱ۵һĨɱԼ
ӳ¼ͷߺ޵ıܹͬ¶
ȻټҲ˵ĵĲġ
Դˣֻܳ̾һ
ϷĲʺϹ壬˵ֻһ򣬿ʱòǬˣϷרʦԸɡ

ǱһһصǵСԺ󲻾ãһС˽һ˹
ʱ֮󣬳Ǳų˳ȥϹһĨЦ
Цʶģ˵£κιֻҪؼͲ˿ܹأΪһṦɻأ
ܿ죬ǱͻˣֶһЩѪ϶һžɵᡣ
ص䣬΢΢һΣˤս֮£н͸֧ı֡


124 
ʱϾһʱѾӸղŵĻлָ˹
ɷһ·һݣͱڳſڵļ󺺸Ѻˡһ·ͬǰѯʣȻõĶӳǱݳڷ´󰸣俶ɱˣ
ججĺɷץȥ¸еĻֿ̿ɼһߡ
¸ʹ˿Ŀ̺ŵֻȻڸڹ涨ЩʹѾߵоֹɱֵѭ浸ءϹϾַԹĳЦȴεġ
һ·£¸Ժϸ˼ϵĳ˵ҪԼӻһͬ
һҪζӣϷǻعǰƣĵ׶༪٣ֻųǱҪҪиʲô⣬ܹ
䣬ĶӳǱǻˡ
ֻһ̾һƬȷѪ꣬ˣ¼Ͷ֣ɨأɨҶһ㣬һ޷ֵĸо
˵סΡԼǹϤУ϶ţͶ˾ԼĶӣ
Щԭи߲ʵĳϣԼĶǿѹͷֻй棬ŵԱȫ
ºϺɷصСԺӣŷߵı仯ε֮Χʹ־ηıֺ֮ǰγԱȣ
ʹѾСı顢С΢ĶԼһȥҴģɺԼظʱֻ֮
ϵˣЩʹǰҲһֺӡ
ϵȻ֪һζһʱ䣬ԭҪѵӵҲˣĪģԼɷʱķɡ
ˣǱѾˣǰ˵ģԼĵ·뵽⣬ֿ˿ߵɷ
⼸ĲкתȻˣѾԭĿꡣ
ʱ
Ǳֵأһ߽Ӿͻ˻Σɫ԰ࡣ
Ǳû°ɣһֱŵ϶ʱһæ߹ȥѯʡ
ûµģסǱ˰֣κۼ͸ܵ裬Ǻ֮ҪǺΪǳ岻סЩС󶨵Ŭ
һ㶣䲻֪ԼΪΣ˴Լ̬ȱ仯֮ǰǱɱʱı֣ܹԼ³һЩģ˾Ҫ˵ЩȰοĻ
Ǳֻһ䡰ȥˡͰĻסˡ
Ƕ̴ߴųǱȥˡ
Ǳûļϸؽȫϴһ飬򵥴˿ڣĨЩ߽࣬ҡ
ѱ׵Ĵɨһ飬ֻҳءζݵĸоһȥ
룬ոµţԱż档
Ǳ߹ȥ£⵶Ͱŵһԡ
νСҲһЩ鷳ԳǱ˵ٷҲֻֻǿ;
ȻЩɾͣԶԶ˵׷߷壬ǸĸάȫҪٱ˰ѵڸĸĲϣֻѡͬھ㹻ǿ㹻Ѹ٣ԶʮҲڵǰĸ£ǾͲҪˡˣޣ¡
ţǱֿ̧һۡ
ģһĲֶɫĺۼռˡ
ȡԽ࣬ɫۼŵԽ죬ûκβʸУδ֪ӦԴ⵶ĦżǶʱը
뵽⣬Ǳϵû¶̫ෳ֮ɫ
˵ҿǿһֽݾҲ׷ֻҲٻòһûУϸоһǱ
ǱֵʱľͻԷΧˡֲһЩĿꡣ
ĪͻȻȻзգЧҲԡ
ջ˼Ǳ̽һ顣
üһ֮ǰڶսļֵܡūʱΪʱҶǳֹɵ࣬ǿԣսʤĿ˶ʶȥ㣬û뵽ЧȻ㾪ˣ
̽ϣǱԼһ
Ȼһ֮ȴûжˣղҡΣֻΪþЩƱ
ǡǡ෴Ŀ˶ʱ˾΢΢ϣ
ֹˣҵʸֱӱǿԭĶҲ׳һʡȥһĹ򣡡
Ǹʲô
ǾһȭȥѪбľԭ
Ҫ֪һߣһȭȥľߵ屶
˵ߵԭ屶֮һȭ൱ߵһ
ǳǱ屶ټһзȥ͵ߵĺһ
ѵá
Ҫ֪Ҫ̤ζ㣬ľˮĥ򣬲תԪΪȻĥֱʱ䣬Ϊ
Ǳ֮ǰʱΪʶӴԪЧʾ͸ڳ̷Ԫӣһ׾͵ڳһĻۡ
׳һ͵ڳĻۡ
Ŀ˶Ҳǻ꣬ҪҪ̤ζ㣡
ҲЩ鸡дڴĥⶼԺˣ
Ǳţһֱ£۾
ս左ܿ˯
ʶһУǱӰֱֶһ˹ȥǱ
ż


125 Ṧת
ⱾԹ죬ȴǵĦżҡ
ǳǱۿǽһСͼ󣬱ʶγɡ
ᣬɢܿ۳Ǳģͬģˣ˱㿪ʼ䡣
ɻصĲ룬һϵѪԽʢһۿɼٶ˥š
һΣǱڿһʱ򣬾ΪóȻۿӰԼж䣬һΣȴǾͷβ
ģ˳ֳ˽Ȼ̬ͬơ
ǸѪģ˺棬ӯ
һ˥в򣬸һʱĸо
ԭˣ׹ܿҪͬһȫǶһ˽зףֻеᱻɣȫľѪԪᱻһգ
˹Ǳı
⹦аһ˵ˣͬ˴֮Ȼڤڤ֮вϵմѪΪ˴˶רϰ䣬飬Ƿ׵һ˵Ὣȫоһ˿Ĵݹȥ
ʶһ֮󣬼ʹԳǱ־Ҳһ˿ľ壬ֻе׹а
Ʋ̸͹˵ⲿڹķӦǴﵽƷΣ
Ǳڳ¸鷿չؼ죬Ǳ׼˺ܶ伮ҲƷһЩص㡣
Ʒڹķܹڹɵѭϵĳԣھоͬʱӳá
Ʒ⹦ͬǳ߳ϰγһ뵤ȭֱ۾ȷľʹ˫Ⱦ
֮ʱʽһͬʹ
ǰ⹦θ߳ǱǲóȻϰ֪׹ܸѪ£Ҫ
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óȻϰӰԹо˽еһЩԣôѾˣⷽ˽һ֣սʱܾǿһ֡
Ǳҹĺܳʵ˻ЩʱоǲаŹ֮⣬ǱԳٵġΪתĲһ飬Ȼ󷵻ʶռ䣬ģֱӽĹۿһ顣
һϵʱ䣬óǱѧһ漰תṦȴ˽ṦЧ
˵׹÷漰档
һ֣Уȵ߳ٶȣתһȥȫٶȵһڶȵһҪһȵڶһۻ֮󣬳ٶı
Ǳо̾ѡ
ѹǳ¶һҺԶһת۾ܳײáֻϧⲽֻƷεģ̷֮ͻʧȥЧٱ˵
̾󣬳Ǳϸоⲿһá
ڶ֣ͬ
Ĺؼڡת
һһһ£תܹʩչһСΧڿٱ任λá
ȻģǱٴλ˳һı֡
һҽֵʱһƵһ࣬ӵٶȶЩǳ䲻ĽƣƻҪһս
й֮󣬳Ǳֹס̾
ײ̫ˣԶˣע˲䱬ֻ߽ܳս˲Ϣ䣬ܹͻȻ٣߱任λãȲ˵䲻ʹɱУΣʱ̶һŻԶݣⶼǱĲţṦЧٺãʵսԺתҲøߵȥ׹ϼֵǧ𣡡
ǰûӴṦҲ֪һṦΪ֮־ûȱתıʵս֣ת֮ڣܿƷṦ
Ҳ֪ǼǴõƷǱֳ︡ʡ
һҹǱȻὫʱȫṦϣֻǴĿ˿ȻͿʼһϵᡣ
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ǱҲգҲΪȫѧᣬֻмȡ飬ΪԼ·ϵ֡
һҹæ
˺ҹǱȥʶ¥Ҫ̤ϵļ̨ףźǣϵĳ֮£û˿ᡣ
ûҵĹؼģҲüһǱܽ˽ѵԼھ¥ʱ׽һŵ졣
ȷ粨ȥҪҸʱȥ̽һ
еǿ˵ǳҪпܣǱŹǿĻᣬѾ־Ҫʵ
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ڶһ磬Ǳϴһ󣬾߾ңҪȥȭ
һ߳оһЩϤİ
ǰæԼͿϴˣҾˡ
ǱѭȥʱǰһĻ
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126 Ī
⡣
Ų𣬺ŮŲ߽ãһתųǱЦЦôΣҪʣҪЩ飿˵ţȻǰһ¶˺ôһСɫƤŵ
˵Ĺأ²ūˣҵЩ⣬طԭҺͲȡϵ˻ǮƣءȻǻҪҲ̸ҸҲǿԵģγǳѾԺ˽
˵ţؿųǱЦǿ󣬲ºӣȴĽ
Բдһ˿ɳƣЦʱЦ¶һˬ֮⡣
ǱĴһۺŮ
ĵĲǰ͹̣ɫǼԴ󣬷ǰҲǸʱװģصϣ˵Ļʵûʲôڲ١
һ䣬ǱջĿ⣬о˺Ů̬Ⱥ֮ǰԲͬԭ˵⡢䱸ǳΣУں֮ǰȣǶһ˿

˵ĸ׷ģǱ̧̧Ƥʵ
ǰǸˣһŮұڲͰҸųˡŮ˵ʱųǱڷֶԷûнһĴʱ򣬰һɿ֡
ʱǱȻڱĳһ䣺ҪҺĲϵ㲻ѾԼϵô
Ǹ˲ǹŲġŮշģھи״̬ôһʣʶľ˵˳һ룬žʧԣ죬ϵЦ۾һɣݺݵضųǱ
ǱҲ⣬ֻ΢΢һЦˣȻ㲻ԸϮڶӵԭ˵ҿԴӲŲʵò飬Ҳܲ³ţǴϪЭϵǰɣǸڵԬƹӦˣҲǣԽϵŶˣԽӽʵ
ǱһȻֻǸռڣǰȴҲǸĴ꣬һЩõģֻЩ棬Ųô֡
˵⣬ǱҡͷЦЩ˰̨ЦӭȴչıĶȥ̫ˡ޹أҲͣǳ¼ھֵӡӣҾͲòˣǾҪñҳĳ˱Ĵ㣡
Ůձų֪Ǳ⼸ɱ飬ǱôһһЦٿؾĵ׷ĸоǿ˲ԭϵĹǡ
¶ǿ
һֱѺҵϵˣӦǸʹ֮ԲԭܽӴԺܺŲ顣Ҳи˵Ļ¸޹أǲңҲûǣȻȻһ֪ǲԭ˼ǳ𣬲Ҳ£ֻҪһûɱ١
Ǳٲ죬ÿֶ˵ĺںŮĶУȴһһһľĸо
ɱ糱
˸ҵĸоôǸ¹ЩƵģֻվ߾·ԷʲôɢģŮʱϵŭɫҲɢˡ
ǱֿһۣУĸ׷㣬Сģ²Ҫи²ӣ˴ȥһʹװӽֻҪûӳȥʵʵСѾ߰ɡ
䣬ŮӦһת߳⣬ȥȭˡ
ȳǱ뿪˺һᣬŮŻعĸʵţѹеļ£ȻһҧݺݵĳǱ뿪ķһۣžͳü
仯νḻ
˿β׺ݵý˵ĻҲǻˣһҪͣҵ֮󣬲źӳȥ

ʱţһת۾͵˳ٵӡ
˵¸ˣ˻ǳӣٵȴ˼ͷ˳ȥûз¼Ҳȡ
ӵĵݽǳ¸ǰ֣ĳҲ
ݳʵ㲻ƽϾǱɱίʵ̫˵㣬Ҳûʲôڣºһ飬Ǿ¥ɵľֵ֪ݡ
ôһȻһִó¸һļɹһֱڶûƽƽյϻвۡ
Щʼٸ߳Ǳȴûй⡣
ÿնǸСԺȭŵ
ǿʼʱϣ£¸ȻҲæµһƬߵĶʹӣЩүСǲòģǾסլҲ԰
ǱһҾסĶԺҲܰν塣
ԺǱսſëףɢȥƤ¾
ŵһͨĳղʩչ¼ҽʱ򽣷漤Թۿİϵ˺һզࡣ
ǱתͷԺһǿȥ
һʯϣųǱ΢΢ͷ
ףˣǻݰɡǱ½߹ȥ߻ڲͣصͷ
⼸գΪص˴СԺӡ飬Ȼָ˺ܶԭϰߣÿʯϹۿǱ֮һ
ǱСʱ򣬳ÿָ㾰
ֻǶתƣתۼȥȴ˷ǣѲǸ꽣ֻͣһ˵ĵ֢ˡ
صѾʰΣźͣŮһѾװľһԣڿǱʱ΢ɲƲƲ죬СֹţҪǳԷˡ
һڳ⽻̸š
ٳˣҲ֪۵᲻ᱻЦ˵
׷ģҪ
˵˵ţüͷ
˵ѺȥǼôˣûҪˣһҪһӡ󣬲Сn顣


127 ֮ʼ
ݳš
һӷ糾͵ʻ˳ڡ
ԵЩãϵ˼˴ˡ
һΪ׵ģȻǳǱʦ֣
˿̵Ĺɫ԰ס㲣ֳһַ糾͡۹ȵĸовѪ˿ƺܾδ˯һ㣬һģ
ڳȫݳ֮󣬹񷽲ųһɳɫŨأԵҲƵı֡
ڻˡ
һţ໥ҡ
ʦǸˣҳһʼ֮⣬ҲûټԱǰȫطˡͷ˿ӣ̾Ϣ˵
ЩǳԬȥģδԸȴǵͲس·ϸɧţǻٱԹ
СЦɣЩٷԶǲԭӣǰͬһ䣬ÿǲЩĻȥģڶĶ죬˶ˣ
ɲǣǼɧǣʱͼȥǱ飬ɼȥݹˡ
֪ļҴկҪˡ
һˣӺģǲԭ磬֪ôҲϮͷǵĵоգֻ˵Ƥˡ

ǻص˳Ǹɳ˶ٶ̸ԡ
˵˵̸̸Уһгʻ˳¼ھݳǵǼԺӡ
һԺӣͷԺ
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ʦҲһмѾӳżһ
ʱһŲԺ⴫ģһ
ӣڻȺʱ

¸ʱһɲʵУԭʹǹ̬ȡ
ǰҲ¸Σ˵ǳĴӣǳ˶ϳլţ͸ʲôˡ
֮ǰʱЩʹһ۸ڶǵģ񻹼ʹӰԼĻЦԼ˼
£ͬЩˣȴǴͷŶ͸¶֮⣬ԼĿԼܲһ˿η塣
ں£ʲô
ɻ󣬹̲סҵ˼ԼĸִѯһõĴȴѡ
㣿ʦɱĸߣɴ۾Ĳ˼顣
ǱɱУūĿ˶⣬ǳһͳ¶Ҳǳټ˺ķ˴ҩġɱﵡ
ͬҲ㡣
һǱսҲͳ˳㣬һ֮ɱߣ
ս˵ȥݳκˣҪһ
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¥ڣֲ࣬ϡ˾Ӷ࣬ЩȨ
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ˣһ۵ĺͳǱ˵Щʹǵ̬תʱǱıû̫仯
ηǱЦŻӦʵı仯һûбսʤ֮ǰ־ηȥһˣһоͻָԭø㡣
˸һ˿ᶨ֮ɫ
Щ˳ӣһʱģǹݡĤݵҲ㣬ңЩǷױԻĵĺ쳾ӣĥ־Զҩûκֵøˡĵط֮
˵ţսȭͷ
ֻһеĸʦвܱЩɱΣΨսȭһ·ǰС˵ˣ˵ʲôʱ¸ҪѪɺӣַΪ̡ĻУĳְʾ
ţƺʶԼ˵ЩˣǱջػͷ˹⼸ľСͺ͹죬ϵͬһ㣬л˵
ţ˽յĴ١
Ǵңʦܹƽˣ׺㣬㼸δ飬ǶܵģڼʦֵǲֱȥϢҪϴ£ȥμӴ硣⣬Ҵҹ㣬֮㻹ȥԺʺһ°ɡ
nС㣿ɫ΢䣬Щ󣬡ãδǼݻôЩС͸
ּ˵䣬Ҫȥ򸾣ֻ뿪ʱһΣվȡ
ʦ֣û°ɡǱǰ
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ǱԼʦȥıӰüͷղӹϸܵĳ
˸ǱҡҡͷߵԺյϣ⵶Ͱ˳ϣñš
ɨӣĬ˼ʲôš
ٳҪʼˣԭٳµļֵܶɲܵģҲǸõʱ
ʱš
һʱ̣ܶת۱ǰ
¸Ŵ򿪣롣
İʮʽ̡


128 
ھ޽һ
Цͳ죬ɡһԣ
ӭˣˮͼһ
ˣīһ
ذ׳˱ʮţ

ű߳Сߺһ߽Ǻͳ¼ӭ˹Ȼǰ
¸ǰԺܴ󣬿統Ȼÿȫ¶ԺʱСʹżˣݵĲͬС
СȵĿפЪϢĵطڲ輸ľΡ̲һӦȫƳǱǰֲ¥һҲǳ¼Ҵҵ˰š
󷿸ԷָΪףٵĳҲ佫׽ߣҲԶߣԼȦӵĸн̸š
γϽͷĴ٣û뵽ҲˣǲǺͳ¼һֱԸô
ֻǳ¼ңҡ޼Ҳ˵ӹף٣ĪҪͽˣ
ǺǣҪͽ⣬λϢͨǲ֪¼ֶһĺ֣Ǹɱǣ
Ŷͼ˵ģĪǾǽļһ˵ĳ¼ٳǱ
˵ҡҵļСðǱ
ѹѹ֡
ĳ̸ۣǸڣֵĴҲڴš
üһҵҪʶʶϽͷǸӣһǲͷۣ
ǽɲȰ㻹С㣬Сλɱǡսظܵĺպֶս߲ʮУ
˵ǳǱҲʮɣȻ㣬ҼСӱһ꣬ȴֻ֪Դס
ܱȲܱȣһ;רעԿͷܹһ·;

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һʱ䣬¼ҵĴСַǳֻЩ˵Ļ⣬ȥǻƵ˵ϣһǴ˴ǳһǳǱ
ǱݳǶˣЩҲȫǣ˽ͷβ̸еķ
£ΪǵĳǱԴȴ⣬ôһǣ۾
˵Ϊ¼ҵѪӵܣʱӦͣú󾲴翪ǳǱϾ⣬丸׳δϳܲ˴
ֻҽƽٳʼأ¼˵ˣҲֳҿ£򣬶Щǿļء
ԣΪֱϵѪĳǱһңףٵʱҪֳڳ¸˿Ҫǲ¶棬˵ǳ¼ûҽ̣Ͳˡ
Ǳǰôһɱ¼ҵǲٷˣٸλӣΪ񲻹ȶµû˾ۼĵطںԺһŻ
Ǳܿճ˺ôһط䲻ʱ˿ܿͻᱻһߣ߸ϸ˵һҪ߹ȥ˾ͻᾪɲĴǱһȻ첽뿪
ԴˣǱȴûκλӦɾʡ
ʱţʱԽԽܶͶӸԵĸ߳ԺԽԽࡣ
ǱʼձһƬ࣬ûȥҲûȥѣûȥʺ򣬺ӡֵĴ֮䣬һԿԽĸҡ
һָĸоųš
ʦã㶼ųǱ˺ðˣûпһ仨
ڴһߣԼʦ÷ȽȤ
ʦöҲ񣬽˴
ʦֵĵ٩ȽûŤ󣬻عͷ΢΢һЦǱѾˣ˵ʾˣټҲ֪ʵûнٳ¼ҵİΪ񣬼˵ȫԼһȭһŴƴġ
üëһ廰ŶʦöôߣòĶ˰ɡ
⵹ǣ˵ģǱһ䣬ȻȨƲɫжǸơȽ˵ţЦݣֻǾãпܵĻܺһύ߸ɴҲ֪İɣȺʣִ˻ᡣ
ôһ˵Ҳ˳˼ڳǱЩһϳ̵ͷŵǱɱūĿ˶˼̾ɢˡ
ЦֱѪṳ̂룬ǱȴѾܹɱѪڶˣȻһεˣԷĺһΪвоֹŭ˶Է˶ɥǲŽԩ
ʦý̸֮ʣǱһݷõˡ
ԪԼСǡ
Ǳ۾һۣЩ̸Ϻö·һ㣬ڶԷǵðûϣ֮Ҳյȫա
⼸˽ǲʶôӲҪǳǱĻôǱͲƽˡ
Ϊ׵ԪϹ΢ЦҪкͱһкˡ
棬С˺Ȼһ֡
ɳӢƽʨһֻ
ţ֣Ǳ͵ĵɴ۾оâһţյغֱӾ߳˴ŹԺǰԺȥ
ߣʦ֣Ҳȥ
ԶķȽע⵽ǱĶҲվкԼʦ֣Ҳ뿪á


129 
ӢԵӽϣһ˾Ŵ˳¸
ϵвʨޣһ˴̧ţŵԺһǡ
ǱԺ߳ʱ򣬵һ۾ע⵽۵ӡ
Ұ޿ȥЩʨӣȴԱʨӴö࣬ſ۾ģȻں˯
ԺһЩͿӢҪôҪô˽
û뵽ɳݵӢȻ
ǰ˵Ӣʹ㷺ǴϪȨײύģҲֻүһн飬û뵽ϽͷٳȻ
ʵ˵γ¼ɱɱūҿӢι߲ơ
꣡ĪҪˣǾڳ¸Щ黹ǲҪ˵Ƶĺã
̸еˣЩֱӾ̸˳ǱӢ֮Ա˵Ѻʱסڣ
ӢĸɳݴʷҲһʵȨƿŴ·ܶȨƼⶼҪ;·սѶٷϴˣ޸صƷҲ͹ɳݵҪɳҵĵλˮǴߡ
ǱĿֻʨͣϢͲٹעޡ
Ͷ˲Զ߹Ӣһˣű˴֮λãԼԼһ˹ȥܲܽӢֱն䣬ȻҲûеġ
ӢȻ֪ūĿ˶ҹȻ޿֣ʲôƣߵĳˣ̡
Ǳһ˼һĿӢ߼ɨͣһϡ
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Ǳ˵ţڶǣͬʱܱߣſۣ£ӢǺūĴϡ
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ǱʱվȺУԺʶ˼٣Уһһ˲ģڵ棬ңӢһУֱйȥ̽飬ӢӰӶ
ǣǱǿǴϵʱǺӾһתͷ˹
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һ˿ɱ֮Ӵ󺺵һ˫͸¶ֱ͸Ⱥҳ˳Ǳڡ
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丸б䣬ͽһֱŵɱﵸ˹
عӣղƺ̽ңѾҵˣ䲻󣬺͹˵ĳǱģͬӦþɱҴˡǱĴ˵ţЦ빫¹ȥ֮ɱԸο֮飡
ǱӢɫһ䣬ҲԣıŰ̶ȣ˱ӵţĻŻ֣ιΪһ̽¸ԺǷйųǴš˵ҲǼǰ֣¸Ϊ۷֮ȷ£Ҳʡһ򡣡
תͷһۡ
ԣ򲻵ѲҪִ˵עҾͲ̽ˡȻˣǳǱƣҲؿֱӾ͵ظɱֺ޹˼ɵˣһ죬Ӷû
µ˵ͷЦԽɢһĪŵԼԶԶ˿
ϢڳǱǿԵøԡ
ɫһ䣺ϢɭʱʱӦĳ䲻үүͣȴһɭɭĸо˵Ϊʹ쾳ҲԶˣҲǶ֡
Ǳɵϣǵķھͳִ㣬ڳ֣ⲻܱ𣬻Ҫܹ߲٣˵Ҫƻٳ׵ٺһ
Ҫһᡣ
Ǳ˼֮ʣſǺ߽һȺˡ
һˣͦΣʣŰɫӼףȴûֱҲû˵ʲôֻһתƴĽк
ӵ
һ£Ժʱը˹
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үΪǰӹǾٰ
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ñһȺӴӵţԺ
ٻһ߽ԺӣĿһ˫ĿתţܿʹȺҵǸϤӰ
ǱܣһֱӾ˹ȥ
ܶͬʱһ˴լ߽
޽Ӷ׾޵һֻ̩һ
ų£׳˽һһС
֮һٻǱһ̡
ǰ˼ζûܼˣǱ


130 ͻϮ
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ٻСݱͲôһ·ܹʱԺ˵ע⡣
ⲻǿôһֱͳ¼ҹϵеǱܸòǡ
ǳ¸Ǳ콵ɱǣ
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133 ҪȥӥȮ
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ٻ˻ֹ֣ۣȻŻǵۣһĶԵĳ²ѯţôǱߵѾ˻Ӧô
Ϸģ̶ֽԴ¼ΪӣֱɳʦҪһ֮²̴


135 ǽϣ
λʦһ
ΪССһǱɳʦδЩС˰ɡһԵĳ¸Ҳǡ
̵ֽʦڳҲ¼˵ÿһݳƶڳһ³Щ¼ұûлᡣ
²µеĹǣЦλصǣλʦ˴ǰǵΪ˶ԸǱСΪһ£һȣǱֱأֻ˳ɱѡ
ԭͳ¼ߵľͺܽͼ̶ֽнӴ¼ͱץ²˳µĿʼͼ̵ֽϵڳУʦǰĿΪ˽⡣
˳²Ļ˻ЩŰɡ
ţһűߵĳϺȻڵҲǣʦǺεɱһǱһֻһλǶ̣Ϊ˶ԸǱҲ̫ˡ
仰һµˣǷġ
֪λʦ˵ĿĺڣٳãͻȻڳ˵֮ףεɲ˽⡣
˲Ŀ²
۳¼ʦġ²ҲݵȻֻȡţ
˵Ĳڳ֮ȴһɫ䣬Ȼ֪²֮šָ
⡭ЭʦУ˳ȥܻܿᴥŭүʱҪŪɳ׾ˡ¸Щɵ˵
²ЦЦЩҪȨ֮󣬲ȥǣ붼Ƕࡣ˵¼ǵ󡢱ߡ࣬˵˻ҵһ򣬸ǿŻԺͿˡ
׵ĳٵͷ˵ЩλҲΪģ¼ȷʵŴ󹦣ǵҲǲǵϵʹҵһȭһŴģǼȻˣӦȨΪΪڣԻǵϵİΣΪȴЩ뾭ѵˡ
֮²ͷʵλʦǶұи뷨ϣܹʦϣѹһѹаλͣ¶ģӴ̷ҵȣΪҵȺ󱲱ݻҪϵþӸλ
һ˵ǲֻǲ֪λʦмɰսݳǣһԵĳ¸ɫҿ˵λ
õġ²ڰ֣λʦͨȻ׼񲼾Ѵɡ
Ǳãһȷʵҵȴֲϵֻ겻ѣһ־Ҫߴ簡̾Ϣš
ϲصģǬʦǵһ壬ᷢӳЧʵӦģ׼Ӧʦ븮Ѱǰ׼ʦܵԶĿ²ĳ˵
ŶʦտȻһ
²һЦʵϣʦѳɹǱǳ¸ֶֻΣλҪǣǰ̶ֽԸǱʱǾѾжˡ
ҲãΪȥ󻼡ҲΪڻʦǵĿģͽǱСĸĸɱɣɳɱĳ棬һ˶ơ
Ҳͷǣ¶Цݡ
ʱ⴫һ
ŶǼλʦʲô尲ţǱģλܹʵ֪
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һ죬յķȻ򿪣ಶ룬ƻҡҷϼһǸеһ̹ǵ⣬ʶӡ
Ŵ򿪣롣
Ǳ̤뷿ڡ
Ӱڳ˶ɫһ䡣
Ǳʱܵʲôѵ֪ôϸۡǴô²ǵһӦģʱѵ⣬ͬʱĿת⿴ȥҪΪ
һʱԭأֻĵϣ˵ˡ
ˣǱ޼ɣǰòҵذɣڳǰլֱף٣޷ȣСҪֵĻǶֻǴ׸ˣ취סа²һȥʦĻ

ৣ
âһ
²پǰһ˱һɴֱȥءһײǽϣȻôϣ棡
⡭ͷ¿Լǰһ
⵶У룬͸ǽС
ԭվԵĳ²һת۾ͱǽϣЩʶǱ׼ˡ
Ǳ㲻ҪȻͽ⣬ͻȻ֣ĪҪԼҷһϽ
Ǳ۾ͽ⣿ǲ׼ʲôʦһھɱôĪͽҲ֣ܳǲǣһһľȱȻұˮڣֱмܲס㵱ݵӾô
ǱղֶԻնףȻᱻǵһ仰ɱΡ
㣡һ㶣ĳǱٿһָ֣צ絶֮ϵƤֱ˺ѣѪӿ
Ѷ֣ǱҲͲن£ȥһԾ˹ȥžҽС
Ǳһһ䣬ˣνֵȴ㲻ǿΪ⼸ϵȨơΪǽճǱ֣վͻᱻЩĸ֡µݣֱ
Լ̣֮֮Ǳܡ
ǱҪ嶯ʲôҪֱӺ˵һˡ
ۼƲٹ˲棬Ȼġ


136 Ļ
һˣ˵ЩЦˡ
Ǳ仰ϱû˿仯һ죬һһֱӵء
ФȻ峤µ˺֣޺죿
¸һ˵ڵءѪеķߺ޺Ϳ־һͬӿ˻
ǾҲҸĸҲǳ磿ɱңôǱ˴˼仹ʲô˵ģһѣȻˣҲ˵ô࣬ʲô飬Ǿǳɱ
Ǳ˵ţһֽ¸ק˹ϵķߺ̱˾֣˵ĻƼߣʵϲＷҳǱδԷƺϣ
Ҫɱҡһ˲䣬¸ˣɥǵỨ֣·ѾԼĽ֡
ǱһŤֱ˳¸Ĳӣó¸ĵĻɤֱۣһ˦¸˦һߣڽĳϡ
žžž
˶ʱһ𣬹һţĹ
Ǳ˦˳ȥͿҲٿһת߳һţֱ߷ɣ˷ɢڣײ˲Զϡ
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顱£ηתϲط顣
Ǳ»صʱѾһƬǽ壬ΡѪʬ
ȵ䣬䣬ͽڵڶ೤һɨ塣
Щ棬̱ڵصĳУţɫ԰ֽʧȥյϣǽϵĳ²ҲûȥǿǱˣ׾ٵľͽԼЩͬһһɱˣеľֱּԱ
ǱǱ㲻˺֣ɱңүүҲŹģ鴫˳ȥ˻Цǳ¼ҵģ
ٶ߶¡ֽŲõȥ컰״Ρ
ɱɱˣôʲôҺθɣǱ˹ȥ߱ҡͷ˵ˣɱңֻҪֶºڣʡȭɱǣֻҪ㹻ǿ˭ҷ飿ǰ̫ɱֶʢ˳Ƶɼ½룬ӣؼȭͷ󡣡
ﻹýֻǸеǱԼԽԼԽ۵ɵúܴ̿־壬Ժ˼ƴһԼɣ㲻ҪɱңɱңҲܲˣѾϵ˼ֽ̣ǱߣŹңҾ͸㡭
ٵĻȻֹ
ΪǱ͵һŲڳؿڣꡱһߵعǺ߹Ǳʱȥ֮ʱг˺ں;壬˫۾ҲԱˡ
пһĻҲǽϵĳ²ˣԽ֣սսЩʪеĻں֮Žӿš
֪ǱײУҵȾͲþһһһ¾һѩ޵˶ûˣ֮ӣ
ᴩǰغ󱳣˵˷θҼѣҪ˵ˣۿųǱһŲԼ²ԽľƴҪġȣǣ֮£ﻹеĳֻѽѽӤ㣬š
ҲйᴩķΣ֪͸ʹͰѣӴԺǷģҲնɱʩˣҼȲԸǣ֮ĸȻҲὫȺ󱲣ĺܹѧɣұ˭˭ƾ¡
Ǳ仰һ˵²ооԼ·ǸСһ㡣
ǱԲ̧סȻһšһΣؿڳ
²ʱĻڵأž
ˣεĳ¼ҳϾۻĻʮϲѾˣǱ
ǰլ٣լɥǱ˿ûͰΨһżᶨġ
ִ⵶һ˫۾ﾫâ˸ɫƽ⣬ȫĽƤ˲ɢһɱ֮⣬һٴеģ
⣬ֻĺڵҹɫ͵»
ԭפľѱǱһһŵڵڶ೤ҲȫһغԺһĳУһɭɲĸо
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ԺĳžԵøԡ
ѥӲڿ֦ϣ֦鷢
ģһӰӰԶҹɫֳ
ڿôӦþȺϼһǿ˵λѾǱ뵽¸еļֽ̽ڰɡǱ˵
Ǽʮ֮һû뵽¸Ȼˣһһ⣬κﶯҡҵ¸ڵӦ¾һգҼҪһ񣡡
ǲϿ˿ڻӦ֮ʱǱɫһ䣬кâʢ
˵ɱôĳ¼ҳϣڳ¼Ӧôȥ˰ɣҼֽ̣ʣϰ񹦣Сɣ̤쾳÷ʦ
˾ǱԽԽлҲԽ
̣Ҳ㽫Ⱥ϶ĺһһȥĺ֮ǣóһϲ˵ǵˡ
仰£һ̤뷿ڣץסһû͸ϣŲӽ֮ȻһתͷųǱЦ¶ųǱϤֵס

˺ȻǳǱʦ֣
ǱУâէ֡
۵Ƿ͵ı̹⣡


137 ȵռ
ԼʦͬݣǽȻ̬ͬǱһ˿ȻȥֻǾضŶԷһͷ
ˣʦ֣
Цݹ죬ͬĳϣЦţʵΣΪѴǵòƷһĳɾޣζ۷壬ƾŻԵۿԽ쾳Ҳ游һ㣬꣬ûмûˡ
żƿһƿǷ̥۷ѪҪȻͨͷ­ɣڶƿѪ۷塣
ڶƿҪȭ⡢Ͷĸ򣬻ҪһƷڹܽȫϵҲŷչأȻʹ̤쾳ҲӴ˲ô
ԴˣǱȴһûκλӦֻעŹ˫оâţƺ˼ʲô
񡱼ȻһЦ۵׵̹⽥ʢƳ
ƶԼʱİ£ռǱʦֵ˫ԷʹвԼӣ϶ҲóȻ֣һ͸ʱ䣬ԴݽϳԺҪϢҵ
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һ͵طһ󡰸֨죬ڵǰǧһ֮ʣ˫ȣˣ˹ȥ
ǳǱһתٴһȥзŵ¹ӳڡ񡱵ϣɢϵĹЦݡ
ϵĸ֨ٴ𣬡񡱻˻ڰգͺȻǱʲôקŰ㣬Ȼƾת˲Լ
һѵףҪɱˣȷȷʵʵʦֵģôµ֣
У̲סе⣬ǰ֮ʵ̫ͬǰЩռʹ¾ģڳˣҲбߣɣʮɹӲ߳ɣǰǱ㣬һһеĿжǺεɱУ
ʦһҺ֪֮£Ȼˣˣֱ֮նɱԷֹʦ֮ã
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Ļ䣬Ǳĳֱɨ䣬һѪۣͷļʱһԽԴ룡
ӣһϵ֡֨һ𣬾Ҫձ򣬱ʱ
һֱĳǱȻһһѪͬʱ
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Ȼܹо
һɫ䣬ȴһ˿ϲ⣬𣬶ųǱ˫¶˿˿֮⣺û뵽йپȻУѻʱĲܸӦջʣҼֽͽ
ţ¶һĨЦݣǱһֶʳĸо
ЦҺʵĹԵΪۡ
Ȼ㽫ǳնɱˣȴѾõ㹻Ϣ֪Ŀ֮ԡ
δ£񡱾ٿһתһϷ֮֨˲ɾתһȥӹһԶľ룡
ʱ䣬񡱵Ӱͳ˳ٵլԺӰҹɫУѾԶȥ
Ǳüվԭأɫء
ֶռʦֵֶֻλôĪ粢ֻеԪأ
Ǳ֪ʮţ³ôһʣȻɻֻǺܿ죬ԺʶɫӣԼշɳ⵶Ȼ档
ţ籾ͲҼ־ʵ߷壬ͲӦհǰ˺󣬸ǣ绹ɻ񣬵Ҳᶯҡ֮ģ
ţڶ˫΢΢һ͸ҹɫͺڰ׽ѸԶȥ΢Ų
ΪҪ飬ǽʦֵӶأǸռȵļһΪΪûʱˡ
һˣǱһΣֱӾ׷ȥֻһصǽ塣
Ժһſڵأž
һϻ죬ѪһƬ޾
ܿ죬һƵƵСʩʩȻԺУžͼһԹȥ
˸ļҶ
ʱ˼ææǰլȥ


138 ׷
գ
ҴҵļҶٱţֱӾͳǰլԺϵıǾ֡
˶ٻִ֪磬ǳĴ䣬ܿĽԼҪͨ鵽ֻǿ첽˽ȥҪҸĸ֪
û߼һˣҲһʹ磬ͦΣһϡ
ǳ¸ܹ֮һͬʱǳ¸ү²Ǭĸ
ͷһתżҶǰܹǰҾ֮󣬽Լ˵˳
ܹɫһ䣬һȦע⣬΢΢ģһ߰űżҶҪšһݸ䣬²Ǭ
²ǬƷ衢飬ǰһԼʮ̺һԣһɫƽ̬ݣòͳǱżơ
ʱܹűżҶ˽
²Ǭ̧ͷ˹ȥ
үүܹܺǼҶͬʱ
̺ڳ²Ǭӣǳ²Ǭĳӡ¼ҵĵӳ¼δļ̳ˡ

²Ǭע⵽żҶ԰׵ɫԼͷϵ麹ʶڿǳʲô飬ʱۿܹһۡ
ܹܻ⣬תԸ֪ģϸϸĶߴүҪ£ҲҪ©
ǣżҶ˲űԼġйسԺӺĲ״ԭԭ˵һ顣
ļļ˶Ǳ齥䣬ܹԽ²ǬɫڳûֵĶôԣֻ˫¶˼ɫ
ھǰլƾ棬鴫ǰլУƺԺ˵ж˲ָͼҷ壡
²ǬδȱżҶ˵꣬ͶһԵܹܷԸóһ壬˹ȥеҵҵš
ǣСס˫ֽӹ壬ͷת뿪
²ǬתͷżҶ˵һڳȫǵĻҲô
ǼҶΡΡششүΪԺг̫ˣС˵ȼﺦ£ûϸ̽飬Ǵ¿ΡλѪӦûлŵˣЩֻǵڵϣϲѪС˲ֻǱ˴ˡ
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²ǬˮӦõģ¸б֮²ҵ˼ô
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ѾԺ飬δ¶²Ǭ˵ţ΢΢ۣҸղѯЩ֪ԭ򣿡
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û²ǬһâЩˣȥ¾δҪѺܶ๦ˡ
ԸΪ׷ǡȭ
ţûȥ㣬ҺܷġͳǱ꽻鲻ҵаҪ
ų²Ǭ仰£Ҳ뿪
·ϣвס˼ţ˵³çɱЩϻʵҲ˼˸׽ֱժȨʵҲЩֻǲжв졣
һߣһ룬;˻ЦǺǵĴк˿εĽȡ
˵ҲܾûˣţҲ֪ǲ˱仯
˼УӰʧҹɫУֱǰլǰԼլԺ丸ļĸ֡

еŵܳǱʱںլпٱš
˫ʱܵ׽Զλһ·С
¸ǰһֹȺԺÿԺＸʹӼҶ·ϲʱ߹һ
ǱĴУСĽûʲô˵ע⣬˺ܶ಻Ҫ鷳
ռʦ˵ҲСģһ·нȻޱȣȻҲڹȺûκɧ
УǱ˼
ֻǣıٶδ̫һЩתΪٶȼﵽޣɻǲϱ룬쳣ܹ׽Ų׷Ͼֻõʦ壬ʦֵΪѪĪǡ


139 ʯ
ǱԺ˸ղŽʱԼʦϲϴ֡֨졣
ǹ໥Ħģ徫Ǳֲڹ⣬ǲõԶʱڻþ͸ֺ֧ϵľ޴ˣѪпܣ
һˣǱµĲּӿ켸֡
˵ղŽֵʱ˽ʦֵ˼Σ󣬶ҹвٶȾѸʹһϣշתŲ䣬࣬ǽŹΪΣǶûлնϣ
ŽսϸڣǱԽ϶в²⡣
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Щ뷨ڳǱֳ磬֤ʵĲ²⡣
ʵɺޣ˵ʦֲδʶɢлָôһ͸֧֮£ҲҪˣ˵ɱҪܣ
һŭ𻺻𣬳ǱȻ˫һһݡ
ͣˣ
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ʱٳҲסģΪ˲ռʦ˦һ·ϼڲͣʹø֪뼫ԽԽ
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Ѿ¸լ½֮أ֮ǰδҲ֪浽ʲô˵Ķ
Ǳ¸ͼıǱԳ¸ڵĻ֪ޣ²Եɣһ·׷ϣ;֮ԽƫƧ¸
¸״أǰԺլƾΣ¸խ᲻࣬ΪڣΧǸǽ濴ֲ쳣Ϊǳ¸һԺ
ῴǰԺ죬Ӵȥ涼ǿãζڷţǹŹ֡
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Żıһϸѷ죬ѷ첻ʯѿγɵģΪ
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ſȥʵ޻ɢһبžԶϢ½ĺۼȻͬӦҶڡ
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ǱǱ⵶ʼ΢΢ȺС
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ڰգſһѪ
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ȻˣͲֶܿ顭˵ţ˫б̹ʢд˫мֱϮǱ
壬ˡ


140 ԵԵԵ
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147 ſ
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ҲŵҩãҪ֢ҩǱҩЧһ顣
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ҩϾҩ̫ۣܹҩʳѭ򽥽Ϊ롣
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ʮĵܣԣ⻰ҪǱǸɱ

ӵС̸ţ¶žɥ㵡ȡ޵ȸֱ顣
һ棬ΪǵǶ뿪ˣʵҲ͸ýˣڳ뿪󲻾ãͿʼбĸ뿪
ʢὥĻ
ǰԺĺߵϡ
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һĻ²Ǭһǰ
ʱŻŵĴӺլ˹ӣȭүˣ֪һаˣںլɱ¾ֵǿ춥סˣ


148 ³

ӭХųǱķ˿Ҳ죡
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Ʈ˺һỹûסķҲûκ壬Ǳ˼ţΪﲻһĦż뷨Ȼҡ
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149 Ҳգɱ˵
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䣡
Ǳ˼״һŵ棬ǹֱӾͱ˹˻״Ұޡ
ƣǱҡҡҲգɱ˵


150 תתת
䣡
״󺺳ǹȻȻֻһˣǱһִǧȻƣ
ÿ̤һµĵͱһ֣һӡ
һһӡ
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Ǳһݣʶ֮˵Ϊ·ͬСɣҪ֪˵ܸӦʹ˵Ļٷ̥пϡ
ҪҪѪ
׵ڳǱ˵ʱܹӦǱʱδ̺ɱǣ֮ĸӦ
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˿̣Ǳܹİס״󺺵ᱻסԼеһ˿
˵ܽӲ̫еˣɢ󣬹Ȼ񣬵շ磬ȹܸ֮оеĻɬԲת㣡
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ˢ
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ǹɢ˳Ǳ´˿
Ǳɫһھӿŵ׸γɴС໥ǣȻ󱬷ѸתһΣʧԭء
״󺺵һǹ̿ա
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Ǳת䲻һǹ˲ƶ״󺺵࣬˫кէ֣⵶һתͻӣ
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⵶ݺݵײ״ϣϵ׶Ұһ飬Ѫ֮£״ʱȫɳȥ
Ǳһ֣δֹͣٴٴһת
ת
һ˺ɳȥ״ǰһ٣Žǰһ
뵶ڶ룡
ž꣡
״ûбװŵͷϣУͷ­ȥһ룡
ܴһ״󺺵ڷ֮ƶֹڵأһأʱͳһڣеĳǹˡһųǱ
üһԴˣȻûʲôӰ죡
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꣡
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⵶Խ죬뾯裬״Ժͻ𣬺ܿǸһĴڣ⵶գ˵̾ͻᷢ䡣
˼ţǱͣ¹ƣ΢΢ƽ״ʵսʹáתЧԲض˵ֻתϻɬ֮ǰʶռݡԼСԺϰкܶĲͬܡ
Ҵʱʱ䣬ΪԵʣתʹϰʱ򱬷ǿֻϾ˫ȾҾδͨתЩǿ
ײ˵õûжãڻõĵʶռ̽һ첻ʶһйۿģݣڶԺϰգɺֵƣײʾˣ׼ӢʱͻȻС
£״ڻǰ㣬ûǿԣʹǰʩչҲõĵƻй¶
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151 
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˲䣬ȵϢɢ˳Ǳȫÿһ䣡
һɾĸоȻ
⡭ǱоȣЩůůҴ信Ŀ˶ĸоһ޶ů󣬴ůУ֮ǰλҪŨ࣬״ڵƺӴ⡢Ũ񣡡
ǣóǱɻĵط
Ҫ֪ղл˲ʱ򣬳ǱҲȭŹڹУֱͬɢ俪˲֣һȭȥͶԷֱӽӴûиеʡ
ɴ˿ɼЩ˵ƺûпɹǱ
⣬ǱҲ̽Щˣ׽ϢҲͳ˵ѪϢͬһԨ翵ϢżеĲʿ
ǰ󺺺Щȣ̫֮ˣȥ볣죬ܹ̺гɢŨҵѪϢ׳ޱȣȻ³У˱ڣȻǳˣ
Ǳ˼ɻ󣬵һߣ״Ұ޵˻У˶ȭͷȻųǱǰ£
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һȭּֿȭͷлХ֮ǽĦѪڣѷ죡
ǱƺˣһǰһֿȺӵֳһҽ֮Уɣ̤棡
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ѣǱתۼͳ嵽ʮ⣬һصͬʱһҲתž֮ڣұ
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ٴαѣɽһſϸСʯǱһЩС裬ڵʱǱѾ嵽״󺺵ԣ߻ȭơ
ǱûжĻһĴȥƮɢءХе⵶һڣڶԷϵĹؽڴ
ۿ״󺺱һʧȥƽ⣬Ǳһתٴʹת־״󺺵߿Ų׽ų䲻һ̽һץסȽţһ
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¡һ״ȷ֮ǰ֮ڵϣ

ڵصһ˲䣬󺺵ʱԵýӲޱȣ֫ĶȻֹͣ
Ǳ״۾
˹ȻżеĲʿһһˤڵأӴӴ棬ͻֱ֫
ţץȥ״䣬һڵϡ
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״̺纣˺Х̲ǳ㣬޾
һɹɵ಻ĴڳǱţ֫ٺԽӯָɺԵĳ𽥱עȪĸо
ǱԼǽȪ
þ˵о֮信Ŀ˶֮ҪǿʮֹҸӾ
ڳǱľ̾У״󺺵ϴݹ
һ˿˿ƤĤУһʡ
ֿǿ׳ĸоǱĲ׽ˣһַĵˬĵױ·ǳ˴˵е˲ιһůͷţȫÿһë׶͸¶׵ˬ泩
ı䣬Ѹٽš
Ŵ룬ǱƤϸ塢ӸеԡӼͣҲʼ΢΢ÿһѪҺͷų˾
ǱޱӦģ״󺺿˥Ӱ
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ʱš
ԼĪһյʱ䣬Ǳվһ
һƽȣҪܵĿ̽һƫƫظ͹
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յǰͬǰһʣһֻΪȴҵѪУ
ȭͷǱ־ϲ̲סʡڲߵ屶һȭȥҪѪֻƾľͿһˣ
˵ţͷһ״󺺣ʱ̱ڵϣݲ԰ֽƤµѪܶܿ
⸱ģէһЩ˼ûˡǱ˼̽飬ͻȻһת̧ͷϿȥ
ţȻˣ
߿ϣӰ£ַֺϺϣڽ֡


152 춯
УǿҵļɲͣĴ·ļƮ䡣
ʱ˱š
׼ȷ˵˺һߡʬ塱
һ˴ɮ£ųͨܵǱ¸İ䲼٤ޡ
һһװ׳ȻǴ˴ͬӢͬ
أҲ͵Ϯǰ벽Ϊ͸ҳ֣Ѱ·䲼٤޴ţϵһ˦
⴮һԲƹСһ˦ģײдž磬
Цһ촦ָͷǰһ㣬ȻܵĴڳķϣڽӴ˲䣬ָѪɫʡûҰһƬ
գôֱǿ

קָͷײһؼ£ȴǽײ֮
䲼٤ɫ䣬˫¶һ˿̰֮ɫ촽Цָͷ羫ܺ鿹⣬תƷѹ޿֣벽Ҳҳ֣ԭŹϬϧϾܴͨѨͨ˫Һšس塢гѨƷɣ˵һҪ˼ɼ֣ô
˵ٺһЦŷ͵һһɹ뵽һ֮ڡ

ԭڵķʱ˱仯ɫԣȣҪȼһ㡣
ƷĲֻһˣ䲼٤޿Цţٴν˦ָͷ羫Ҿùճ֭
УһųȥֻһΣϺ˸Ϣ趯УΧȡɢ
ӭȣƤһϲδֳ̫ľȣ˫һǰһĨ۽ջԲ˿˿˫ۻӶпپۼȻɷ硣
ţ䲼٤޵ɴ۾Ц̣⡭һȻƷ
лʦһ·ͣڣ
¶һĨЦݣɱ

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˫֮Ȼըѣһɼ磬ƶ˿ٺɣԶԶ뿪˰䲼٤ޣת˲Խʮľ룬һ
գţ޴䲼٤ʹвޣҲֻεؿԶԶ뿪
ܵһʱҲҪ䵽ϣʱ򣬽ѻٹϵĹǱսƷ
޺޵һ䣬䲼٤ջĿ⣬һ֣ƯԵǾ֪ġʬ塱ԡ
˵ʬ壬ΪȻûʶࡢѪҺԼһͻ졣
Ǹղű¼һ˷θתܣôôһӵ˵ףǴУϹϾֻ߹׷żſڣȥҸϡûǲ̤ųǵģ
ղţ䲼٤ڳ¸һ·ɱ¼֮סһ൱ۿżʯǰδ룬ѶһԵȻͻȻ֣Ȼ뽫Ͱ䲼٤һ򾡣ϧδԸֻʯš
䲼٤ۼ¸ԽԽ࣬ҲһתС
Ҫҵ龫꣬бǡ
ţ䲼٤޽зϵһĨɢȥȻձһ˦׵ԡʬ塱Ĳϣű۾ڸʲô

ܺȻüžǡʬ塱ʼɢһ˿˿΢ǣԶ졣
˼Ϣ䲼٤۾ĿԶһǽȥ¶Цݣջ񣬱뿿ſĦδʶںϾȥû뵽ǣ֮£ֱ˴˴ĿڣĦųǣ
ĿɨСУ䲼٤Ħųˣ˵ڳǵģšţôﻹˣ
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ղźڰս֣δϸУʱһۿȥʱа
ЩĪǾмŵġūΪɾͲ佫µĲ
ǰһЩʷϵ伮ŵһЩϢ䲼٤޵һ־ȣôֱʣһֵв°ٶūòᡭﶼūɣ
һ뵽⣬ɫ䡣
ˣֻɾͶٲ佫νδܰȫ뿪
ﻹţ䲼٤޺еһգһֱļȻʧ˿׹塣
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ƵԭεĻһʱ˼Ѫһӿ˹
䲼٤޺˦һ飬衣

ԶǽϣǱҲջĿ⣬ɢȥ˫˼
䲼٤޺ĶԻնס
Ʒ벽죿û뵽Ϊ˾ˡߴ֮ˣпѾ쾳ⶼ˲õĸְҡ
ţǱܵһڤڤеϵоɮۡƤɢͷ֮˵ϣʲôԼϵڵһűһ֡
Ҫɵĳ嶯


153 辶
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һ޵ϵϵǳǱڤڤоԴղѪ׺ҲΪԭ
ϵԴԵԴܿЩںɵЩޱȣԭҪࡢҪ֮ͣҲһٳɾͰ벽ζ˵֮ȻҵʶͱΪģɱϾͼ֮򰾣ΪãδĥͬԴȻϵ˵
˼·Ǳ۾
ղµˣȻ̫ԶУֱܷ棬׽Ѿеס;Զȥ֮ӦӢʹӣū֮˶Իǰ벽ΪٻƷ
һˣŴϡͻþеͬһͬʧȥʶ֮ˣϲĻӦþֽʦе˻һֽ𡯵ƷпһƷڹ
һˣǱЩп벽ζ˵ƾҲܼףûһϺõĹ·ǳߡ
ʵѾһǲǹаţײҳԣֵĻˣԼɫ糣죬ȴǿԵ״֮󣬳ǱĦŹĺ˲²⣬͸óȻϰˡ
һ棬֮ǰڳ¸ΪºѴӳϵõƷڹˣԼ취
еڤڤϵΪǸʧȥʶ֮ˡӦ֮ǰռʦ֮ˣʶɢߡһֽʦ⴦³ǣҲǽʶͬԴ֮ϵҲܴ⣬ǴõõΪһ׮Ե
£ǲ𹦡뷨ڣϵĹҲЩͷǵ˶ͷԡ
˵ΪԶңǺǶϣҿܳŲʮУȲ˵֣ܲܵǵ֮Ҳܴǵõھر
˵뷨л̫෽治ƿأ뵽Ǳĵһ˿ź
ϧģֻܽЩ漰еƷڸߵȼĹǰı߸ɴѧᣬʶڳͣѾѧˣֺαضһٵȥۿģݣ
ǱʶʶԹģݹΪҪĹѾƷߵƷΣʶһݹΪߣǱѾ˽һǿԽģ˵ϢգҶޣ硶תһ㡣
ûʦûɣϰ䣬ʧȥʶݹıݡ
ҲˣʶĹóǱԽӣϣܽĿǰûƷ
Ҫƽʣļ̨ˣ̤ϵ˵ܽʶ˵ϵõƷϢ
ţǱע⵽ԭȥĻΧ£ԭΪ״󺺶ǰ״󺺵ĵ£һֿʼ
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Ǳ˵ţתͷԶһȾ޴ĳţŽգͨĵ·
ⱾǳǱǰĿġΪֹ಻ĻĵҪѹ⵶ܷ䣬ǱС
״󺺵Ѫ˴϶֮뷨˱仯
ʱĳǱ¾棬ûһ˿һΪսƣУ˳ųǽԶ⡣
ЩƺܼɻǽײҿôĳǽϣȻûκλ˵㼣£⿴ػųŵ״һǾͿʼ£ô˵Ǿ²ǰģʵ
뵽ǱСĻˣȻ״󺺵һʱҹڷ
춯ܿƣߴɣұϾʱ̫̣ȣȱƷڹһȻһӣϾҽáͬʱҲһ·辶ս
Ǳţȭͷž֮дһɵ徢ȭͷš
ҵߵ屶һȭͬߵʮ仰˵ҵʮǼʹҲܺͰ벽ζ࿹⣡ʮǰ벽ߣҲ֮һս
ţǱӰ߱ǰ벽Ϊ
ܹҵ״һĴڣѪҵԸʵˡ
Ǳ˼ţȻɫһ䡣
ţôڤڤϵڱǿĪǸ̵ֽʦڿ


154 
ڤڤӦ֮
ķӦóǱо֪Ǹϵġʬ塱ڿٿС
ղŴµļֽߣΪѴ죬ҲǶ֣ɿҲа쳣֪жٺ֣ż֮ڣ֣Ϊ֮濹⣬ҪȡʱͿռ䡭
һˣǱԥһ
ųǽһ·ǰУͣ˽յĳţԶȥ
УǱٵ˼
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˼䣬ǱǰĳƺΪԶ״󺺵طΧԻû˹˼ɣǱһӵϣҪΧ£
ǱһԾ˫̤Գǽٽ棬ȻǽֱӶ˻˵İΧȦϲһ˿˿Щ˷ϡ
꣡
̤ǽƽأǱĲ㣬ǵԴֺץġʱߵ屶ʶȻЩƿز飬ģԵ̤֮䣬һ󣬾ֱӽʯǽ̤ˣ
һǱȻҲע⵽ˣûȥǾٷһ·̤ȥǽһĿĵĽӡ
ҪǶնΪֻ֮취ڶʱʵֱԺ˿⣡
ţǱһת뿪ǽ棬ء
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ͷһǽϵһӡ۾˾ġ
ֻתһ˼·ˣ·ԡ·ڸһѵʱһֱû빦ϰʱȨ֮ƣ£ȴѵõĻᣡ
ĵ·

һǺ⹦ϵһġָ߳ڴĳһȫļĿٽһӲޱȡƤѰĵȭš
һһҲ书رתȡ֮٣֢١
ԽƤĤˣʱǿ׳ȭ絶һѪ˥ˣƤҲʼϻİ˾ͻᱬصĻֱӿ
书һֹǺҲˡ
ЩƷĺ֮ҩϣ֮ϢܹǿƤ׳Ѫǿʡ١
ǱҲһƷĺⲿһֱʹãɰơ
£Ǳ뷨ԴⲿƷ⹦ĳ̶ֳ˵һ뷨
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Ǳ˺ܶ෽޺Ƿ֮һҳǱҲģ˽йģ⣬ǰԣܽ˾飬еס
ǽƤ漰ӰĻܺ໥ϵԼʹ˺֮쾳ҲܵκӰ졣
ֻǣϾҪڽƤʵƣҪɾͣǾµĿɣҪעѭ򽥽ãð
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˼ţǱӣǰȥ
űٶȵļӿ죬Ǳ˼·ҲԽ
ֲͬһ˵ʿӦòֹһҲ鲼ǽԵҽΪĿ꣬ʣﵽʮߵĳ̶ȺѰһսУ֮У֮ܽܣѪ󣬲ʸֱ쾳ļˣ
ǿлڲ࣬ǱҲ˲Ѫܴڵĺ֢ˣҪסѵõĻᣬ׳Լ
ʳ⹦ãǲ֪Ҫȥʱ䣬ֱ״󺺵Ѫһݾ׵ʿǳرɹ󣬾ȻȫתΪѪʣӰ쵤ҲǳǱ¶ĵԭ֮һ
Ҫ֪磬һűΪ;ǸֻҪӰףҲǿԵġ
ڳǱͬʱķ֣ܵĻĿ٣ܶԶֵڲҹ
ҵƲȷģҲС
ͷû£Զһ˻ʹ˹ģСˡĳؽŲ


155 ʮһ
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ǱǻΪһӰתӹԶľ룬ͬһڵ㣬ǰ׵Ĵ󺺳˹ȥ
Ǵ׳װţֻ¶Դڳ죬˫ͫȴһƬѪ죬ﲼظ
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䲻ģеĳǱµĽֱ̤ܵʯ壬γһǳӶ
ת
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գе棬Сףصף
ǱҲ¡Ҳ⣬ץס˺󺺵ļϴһɹɵľȫһ˿˿ӵʹľӴıӽʼڽϥǡ貿粿һֱؽں
Ȼôһһǽ˶תһ˦ݺݵڵϣ
žž
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󺺱ȴһ֫΢΢ȫֱ
ǱǺһԾڴϣ̽ץס˴׵һ϶һ

ƵĻױǱһ˫ֱŤΣȻӵһԣľӡ˺󺺵ϡ
㣡
һɹɾӺϴ۵Ĵݣ뵽Ǳ֫ٺΪѪ׳ʡ
ͬʱڳǱڣ˿˿ȫţอһһѭɰƵַţֻ׷ȴǳǱģ˵ķϸ΢ĸĶȫ
󺺵ۿɼٶѸٸɱ˥˿תۿݻơתס
ԼĪһյʱ䣬ǱŴվͷһɫ԰׵ĺ󺺣һ
ǵˣ׵ˣ˴֮ҲŲ죬֮ǰƽˮƽһĹǿȴԼζ۷ˮƽȻٶȺܿ죬Բǰ۾˸źļһȴ࣬˫ȭӶ֮䣬缱٣ȭžȻҲ֮ǰ󡣡
Ǳаš
ǰµѾǵܵˡ
˵һ󣬳ǱսʤЩûǵʿΪǿȻȥսͼ˵ĶԲߡ
һ·УȻϵٴ׵Ĵ󺺣һ󣬰ƽ˵ڶʿɶԷѪڲߵİ˱ҡ
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ԺǰԵı仯Īеĺ⣬Է˫ɫ⣬ޱȣ͸ʮ㡣
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Ѫ֮󣬳ǱջС
ҵڲߵʮһһȭѾԽ˰벽ζȫһ
ǱʱΪǰ벽ζҲ˵Ǳ˿̵ƾ֫ʱˣ
ǸֲĳɾͣͰĥǵĻҪһʮҲԶԶҪһĻԵΪϾм޵ģ˼ޣô򰾣Ҳ
ǱܹѪ׳Ųޡ
ȻˣҲֻǵսȰ벽ζһԣѪת٣һǺġ
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޴ĺӰڳĵĹǽڷš


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ϢһãϡֱŰֹϣ
˵ĸܣһԴԺʱϹ޺˯ѣ۾̽һ㣬лŴγѵãδȫѡ
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Ǹоʵ
۾Ǳתͷ뿴ȥϡܹӦ鲼ܵĳءŰϢԴǸ
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з䣬ʺǣɢֵʩչƾɣܽԿط磬ڵϣⶼġ
ţϲһ˿⣬¶ɫĿͶ˳룬еš
ϢǾȻķԪʵܿǡ
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ʱ򣬻ҪȽĦδľûУȻɳԲңܹ龫һҲӦΪе߾֮ϸù鱾У
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Ȼǿ켲ĽŲĹЦ
Ǽֽ쾳ΪǶϱذɣڲǺµʱҲûá
Ǳתһ룬ƽĵ׾ȻһԾԾԣҲͷӣǰȥ
УǱӻȡһСƿӣҲοƿֱһգ
ƿ飬һźɫСҩָ们䣬ָסŵС
׽ʡ
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ʱǰشŭĺС
ǱͶ˹ȥͿĸߴס˫ͨĴиһǹܵʱ򣬵΢Ũ̹ʮ㡣
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쾳ߵıͻϮǱûѡܣã


157 
зֱָѪ⡣
ϣһѪɱ⣬Хȥ䲼٤޺һ
˿һˣټӴ󣬿ǲת㡣
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һЦ䲼٤Ҳ䶯ұһ˦еһݺݳ⵶档

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ŵķ鲻ǷͷתǱҲȻһתʧԭأŲƵ䲼٤޵࣬һ
䲼٤ͬھȣע⵽ǿŷϵĵۣЩۡŭ⴮˲ٵĹŵõУû뵽Ȼˣţ뵽ԵɣǴϲʶܹ˷ıȻһ
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˵ţ䲼٤޶ԲϮһƸûֻһ֣ſָųǱͷϸ˹ȥ
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Ϊļһ䲻󣬵ϵı٣Ī豾ĻԵ
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158 
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ף䲼٤޴Ⱥֻͻ˽սδ׵Ĳ佫潻֣ټһ·ѭǣ׷ϳǱ;Ĳ佫ǱѪزģģ䲼٤Բ佫ľη֮ĵˡ
ϧȴˣ佫ΪѲֻǳǱǡ˿ܹ֮ԷѪ䲼٤ȴ㷨ţкʸСӣ
㣬䲼٤жʱһƬȣ֮ľȥԳǱᷨšУһתͷԶĳǱסˣɫȻ
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ӳǱһЩ飬Դһʼ䲼٤޳־ֻˡƷóǱץסᡢ䲻֣ϧǱΪͰ䲼٤޲̫⹦һ
䲼٤罫Ǳк
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ڳǱı仯䲼٤޹Ȼȣδչ¶̫ວȻ
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Ϊⵤҩֻսͱ
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⵱Ȼֻһֻþʵļȴʵ
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񷭱֮£һȭ֫ı൱벽ζߺ
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ʵҲӦһȽܳӣ̼ǱĵҩȻҲ
ʧҪȫע⼫ֽ쾳ΪǺүүͬȼ֮ǰδүү֣ȴȺ̽ʵǵƾܸжĲΣһָܵһУǱϣսΣˣ
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ſУǿдųǱĸ֪һſ֩һ㣬Ѹţһб仯С
΢΢۾˲䣬еȥһжû
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ĳǰ䲼٤޵
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䲼٤ܿ⵶棬һ筺ɫȭͷӳͫڣԽԽ󡭡
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䲼٤޵ӣͬϿŵĿĦδʱΪһӰȥƿ


159 ·ת
һȭֻɣǱŻȭơ
ͫһ˱ɳȥǸӰŵ̤

ڵĵذٴһƬ
ǱȴѾ˺ŵİ䲼٤ǰ
䲼٤޷
ǱȻͬʱ

ѪѪѪ

ʮĽޱıڵѪҺľš
Ϊһ
Х
Ǳȭڵһ㣬˻𣬾ֱİ䲼٤ޱȥ
ϵ⵶ǻΪһź⣬ֱָ䲼٤ޣ
䲼٤ڰգ͸еһ󾢷紵̧ƣע飬һ˦˳ȥ

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ײ𣬰䲼٤޺ϵɮȫѣΪƬƬƣɢƮȴǱһȭҵȻųǽɹȥ
䲼٤ޱʦȣԨsţΪץǱֵûϵǱͨߣ˷һȻֱζ۷塢벽죬䲼٤ޱͻϮУֲ£Ǳȥһ
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ڳǱһ͵˲䣬䲼٤ֱһϿŵġʬ塱һץһ˦ֱ׵Զ
׸米£շתֹס˼֮ƣȻһšͷǱ¶Ц˫ѪɫȻȻŭſ˵֡
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Ǳһգֹס⵶ɳ֮ƣҲڱѣѪ졣
һ棬䲼٤޵ҲûţһӡȥתΪȾһƬȣײ˳Ǳš

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仰˵ҪǳǱĦδߣһ֣䲼٤ʹ׷پҲѱ֤ܵڶҵǱ
ԭ֮ǰΪΪñѹָԵΪս䲼٤ŭһӣѸޱȵĳ˹ȥҪǱץס
ΪҲ˽Ǽ̵ֶֽΣղųһҪץסңӦѻģȻٽɱĴҪɱңҵȻһʵ֤ڵʵɱ㣬Ҫʱ䡣Ǳƣһָ֣һץ
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ǲ٣Цһ䲼٤зһ˦УɹĲ佫鵽һԡ
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һһ˦ϿĦδʱΪһӰХԶԶ˳ȥ

Ӱһ·ǰԶȥ³ǣת۳һڵ㡣
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ЩǳǱڱ;ץסһһȥÿķж̺˵ıײϣֻҪΪ㣬̾ͻˣصᱻײýѡ
԰䲼٤˵вֻ谭ѣз趯һĻ֮˸ɣһսζ
ٿأ䲼٤޵¶һĨЦѾͨǣоˣǱԭǿʢϢʼҡҡζֿ¥ҪĸоǷҩЧҪ˵ǰס
Ų˶೤ʱˣȻ֪Ϊһöôֻа벽ζңʵǵӽζ۷ĲΣǷϾҩЧޣǱԽ࣬ʱԽ̣һҩЧȥֻ֢α׸
У˼ţŵȻץס˳ǱԷ֮ҪŰɱ
ͻȻ
Ⱥкһ
⼣߰ߵĵ棬Ӽ˵ķ϶̶ֱ󣬳ǱҲȺг̫졢̫ͣ·Ӱײķڷɡ
⡭
䲼٤û뵽ǱۿҪܣһתɱ˸ǹ
ҲֻǾһ£ͻָľЦҲ֪ԼŲ˶ãҪһ˵ţ趯Ǵ飬಻ϵĹעȥһĺˣ׼ǱȵĹҶϡ飬Ȼѻʡ
Ǳĺܿ죬ע⵽䲼٤Ϸı仯̷ֳһ³̤صĽС
תѭתű
ûֱһ̣ǱṦ
֮ǰǾ˵ٶȣֻǵ˫Ƚ֮ɡ
һṦǱĳٶȶȻӣֻӵƺͻӵ֮໥ϣն䲼٤ޡ

硣
䲼٤ȻǱٶȾһ£һ˸ĶеķҲ˳ȥ
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Ǳͫһ׽˰䲼٤ͳֶɵŴ󿪣һ˲䣬ԷǰȻûһ
һĨ
峺Ľָ˸ţ㼤
ʲô䲼٤ɫ䣬УһĨĺС
ɱ糱ǱûܣҪո䲼٤޵

һŭȵɱХ䲼٤޵СȻһŴ۵Ļââ¶ŨһϢַһе⾳óǱһ


161 ˷۱
˸Ǿɱ
ںֵ˲䣬䲼٤ȫͣΪܺͳֶչ֫Υ峣Ȼա
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䲼٤޵ţ˳Ǳ̳İ֮ϣȾܣУʱ죬ȴûге
ȻҲѵñУ䲼٤޵ɴ۾ȴ԰Ŀ
ٴʧ㡣

ѪţܻؾȼʱᣬϾͬڳ΢΢һͻ˰䲼٤޵ġ
ǱϾýƫתʧȥ˴еҪĻᡣ
Ǳϵûһ˿ź֮ɫ͵һӣ⵶ͷײһƣȫ˹Ҫת
䲼٤Ϻһڼ䲻ݷ֮ʣ˫һ̤ƽ˱ֱϴ
⵶ͷײ֮Ժ󵯣Ǳǰ壬䲼٤ۿŰ䲼٤޾ҪǱһγϵķɱ
Ǳ¶һĨЦ߳˾ţӽٶ˲һ
⻮
ĵ棬ƮƮĴӰ䲼٤޵ŽϴͺǴӿлһɣŽĴѪȴſ
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䲼٤ϣǱ£Ǳٶȿ켲ת۷ֿ
һȻֽˣӸղŵĽ˵Ĺ˫ֺͷ飬Ϲ򲻶࣬սδʧ̫࣡ڵҩԽԽ˥ˣ໹֧ʮϢʱ䣬⼤ǱҩЧһȥҵʵҲͻָˣ֣ȽţǷ뿪ˡ
Ǳţ̤ϣ̤תĵڶٶ˲һ
䣡
ŴΧһڵĵ澡Է顣
Ǳ˽һ̤֮˲سǽߣϵİһճһ죬̽һ佫ѸںϽĴ
꣡꣡꣡
һëȻĹ佫ϼؽڴ
ʱǱҽҲأ³ɹۿɼĲصСȴš
һѹĵɡ
ǱһץڲߵĲϣָһա
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佫Ĳӵʱʧȥ̬ԴӲڵĹͷǱˡ
Ǳôһյһץˣصҽ͵ĵ
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һɵĵȥγһӣʯķ䣬ԱҪһ佫ǰ˼С
ǱһһӰһ·ǰ壬ĳ̫ͣ;ѹǰĿγһļγɼ硣
·Ļ˱⼲һΣֱӱգ˦ȥ߰Զ
Ǳһǰ㣬ֱ̣³ǳڱȥ֮ҷɡֵ飬Уʮ㣬תԶȥ
Ƭսת۰ֻǵϴǽҲѺۣԵһƬǽ塣
أ
ص׹ͻأԭǰ䲼٤ˡ
Ǳ̵ٶʵ̫죬תһ̤ЮǰĳƣֱȫȫԵọ̈̄Ϊս죬ֱӰȫʧԶֵ䲼٤޲ڵϡ
غأһ˼£ֹס˽ĳѪŵͷһϷ顣
⴮鹲һ˿ţǴʱȫǿĹ棬Եøۡ
䲼٤߬ŷ飬ԣָؽΪȻף΢΢
ʱϵĻ֮ɫȥ¶Բ԰׵ɫҲ֪ΪʧѪŭ¡
⡭ĦδǾСȥˣڵ׼˾һҲͷųǿд߶׽͹ǹ˹һ㣡
촽ţÿ˵һ䣬ɫһ֣
Ǹ벽ζĵ͵ߣǽ̼Ǳܣҡʵ̫Сˣ˳³
䲼٤иֳŨҵԹ֮ɫ
䲼٤쾳һϴ軻ѪΪսʤǱ˵練Ƶ飬ǹŻݳǱϢһʼֵʱδȫ֮ǱǱһͻ֣Ūķҡ
۳Ǳ佫ѪʮһĲΣսǰ˴̼Ǳܵķ⵶Ͱѧת׿ƷṦ־ᶨһһԵС
˳֮£ȻϮ쾳İ䲼٤ޣ˿׷ٵĿĦδ䲼٤˷۱
ŲЦǱһ֮裡ڴ´ģ´ټ棬Ҫɱ
˵ţĿȴתͷԶĲ佫˹ȥ
֮ǰҪһ½ˣȻж㡣СĳṦǽвм׷ãҪ죡˳ڣеıĪҪ


162 ҩԪ
³ڵһ¥

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Ǳվ¥ϣҵشϢţϵ筺ɫ﷢΢ЩҡΣܿסһ˦֣ץŵĲ佫ˤڵϡ
佫֫ԹĽǶŤţӶģԴţǱôһˤԴ۵΢΢̱ڵϣ۾ɵúܴ󣬵ۿпյģǱǱ·ֱӴϹˡ
ţǱһĨ˦ȥꡱһᴩ˲佫ϵף֮ڵϡ
Ǿߵ㣬Ӧþ⸽ڤڤӦԼѰұ뾡ҵȻ뿪ղŵļֽҲ˵䷽򣬴˵ز˾
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Ǳϵ筺ɫѸٱ䵭ϥ¡

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ȿȿȡ
ѪǱֿ˺һ󣬺ƽͷһԼǰ
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һȾ㣬Ϣֱ͸อˡҵʱǱǾ󣬼ѹŤ֮£ס͹ֻอҲҪƲУȻȥƻҪء
Ǳϵ筺ɫѾȫȻȥֻһƬ԰ס
ʱڵûк٣Ƿ֮£ЩĿѣͷΣѪı֡
ҩˣǹȫġ桯δɢͣԭأĸоĥҵѪڶأ취Щڻ𵤶кȥȻҵᱻȼմ
ʶغ֮󣬳ǱҲ˲۾ľ̽Ѱڱ仯
ڣ˿˿ڲɢ
ЩȺһſ֮㣬ֲڳǱϴ̼Ѫ⣬ͷǱ֧ŸղŵļҶս£ҩЧһȥǱҲͷŵĲˣЩǵ㣬ͿʼǱڵԪ衣
ȥǱʹܻȫһգ˵ˣȾͿˡ
ĿӦһᣬǱɫԽ԰ףǶҲԽ˽⣬ͷһڵĴ𶯹ǣѪ⣬ѪЩյ΢΢ͣ͡
Щǵ㣬ֻҪľĵ𵴣ϲѪģҩʳֹܹ˳ëųġ
ţǱ۾˫еľâЩھ˥ֱܵ֡
ʱޣȲ˵³²ΣķǼֽ˶ʱܵ´ٽ֣ҶҪָ˶ϡοһ֪ӢӥȮܼҲҪΪ֮Ҫսų𶾲֪ҪķѶʱ䣬ҪѰ
Ǳţתͷ򱻶ڵϵĲ佫߶ϵĲͷĹؽڣڻָ
Ǳ佫ȻΪ˿ԭʵϣԳǱĿǰ״̬ǲ߸ԭˣ⵶֮ٴƷԷ
֮ץĿж
ڵĻƺϸĽ׼֣״֮أءΧĻ˾Ͳ῿ⶰ¥ҲиŵĻ
ղҩ˵ʱҾе˵ҩ֢ӰѪ״ųѪֲѪġ
ţǱ˾һצɰƵķţץڲ佫ױԵ
һ
ǿױӵһԣ죬Ȼ󣬳Ǳһ˫ڲ佫ĴһԷָĹؽ顣
ЩҩգѪǣҪջ۵ĽѪ룬ȻųȥڶʱǿŶ벻ҩضѪëһͬʱȻƽҩҲҪԪˡ
뵽䵽ǰ̱Ĳʿϡ
²˳٣ҹζ࣬ھͿʼ֡
˵ţȥûѪǱ۾ںڵĴ⣬อ
ԽңĳܼޣǱ̲ͣϢ𵴷ȣǣؿڵơ
ģ𶯣һ˿˿Ϣǵ㣬ʼӽƤĤѪอ͸
ЩǵҩǼԪ
ȷе˵ǱԪŵҩΪҪ̼ǱҩѪ⣬ѪԪΪһ壬ʱ뽫֮룬ǲԪһͬ롣
ЩԪͬʱǱֿʼ㣬ɹѪ˳ۻ䵽ոհҩǲѪڣ׳Ѫ
һ߰룬һ߲䣬γĳƽ⡣
ʱƣҩԪԽԽ࣬ǱอƤĤ룬Ŀ࣬ʼ˴ڻ㣬ǲųȥܿͻѪ⣬ǳǱһΪҲͰ׷ˡ
ôһӴѪųȥδ̫ϧǿдëסѨмѹȥǲܵġ
ǱִУȻһеԺͻȻһ䣬ģģƫɾʺµΡ
ż䣬ĪԴʶ
Ǳһת뷨̽żݣҲɵһµͷ
ͷһ𣬳Ǳʱ˷Ӧ
ǵҩԪۼȻ󡭡
ŵӿ˹ȥ


163 
дҩԪУںϣΪԪĹĵĴȫ۹ÿһɢŵϢ
ԭΪķֲȫճǱѪųǱǵ𵴡룬Ȼжս̣¸Ǳ߶žۺһ
ֻЩϡĻԪ£Сǿϳһţȶǿ
һۿҪǱĳܼˣʱǱͷٶǾۺһĻԪȻһ³͸˵
Ԫʼڷҩ˺ĲеѪԳܣǱʮһڲߵܲ𣬱跨ų⣬
£ЩԪڳһţŵһˣֱ͸㣬͸ڣȴԵûκˣѰԪһ㡣
ԭڵڡ˶УҪȴǧĴ򰾳ﱾΣҪѪ⣬ֻ߹ڣɡ⣬𽥽֮Ѫаɳ͡
ͺ󣬻Ǵܲó֮ԺĹ𵴣Եҩʳ𽥼ͣĳ̶ȣⵤȶ̡ͣܣڡ
㣬ͷ䣬͸ϢҲԪתԪѪ˵ǴҩԵȴûκӰ죬һԪ
ǵ⣬ָͬ
ֻǣ֮ްҪȴôס
ǱȺ֮תΪƷԶѰߣȻִͨζ޺ֹ
صڡϡ٣飬ʣóȻ뵤ҲˣǺ͵ڵűһǳǱȻЩʣ䲻Ҳ鷳
ֻǳǱԺƾ׶һμ䣬ɾйԪڶģ
һˣǱҲ£һӲ佫һѪ壬ѸֲԪɵѪ𽥳ӯǰҲϼ
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һߣ֮ڣԭƽűٿض
зֳͬһˮλڵԵһŻԪ
ԽԽ
ڣ
һţײһŻԪϣ
ͣ
·ʯˮһ㣬ײŻԪıʱҲ
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ײײײ
ÿһײἤԪڲеԪζ𵴣ײĴ࣬ԪŵԽңеĶʸǱسĵĥѹз
ֻǣ˼ײǱĵϾռޣײ𽥲ڣӦڳǱϣ˺ѡƵĸо
˺ȻʹڳǱƽȴ̫ߣֻüͷԼ͸¶Ŵ̹Ǽ尾
δʹͣ£ײš
ܿ죬һ˿˿𶾶ԪѪ룬ݡۣ뵤
ڣĳ嵴¶ЧȻһĻԪѾ˷ֻɫԪΧһźɫԪ
ԭһĻԪԷֳ֣ǱȻӣʶӣԵڵοӦ
֪ԼĿĿҪˡ
Էֻ˵ĵҪģĵɫԪǴԪֻǱϾںҩϢһ˿ʡԪѪ⣬Ҳñ˿룬Ϊ
ڲĺɫԪЩԲʳĶʣкĲ֣Ҫ
ַֻһײĥ𵴣岻ͬԪ˴˷γɵġ
ʵϣʱѭ򽥽ЩԪٷֳԪöʳ״а룬ǱʵûǸʱ䡣
¼ȻԪȻֻǱҲҪʼֽһˡ
ͷһĵ仯
ѷֻĻԪһ󲨶ڲһźɫԪзֳȻ͸ڣ뿪˵
һԪʧȥ˻Ԫ֧ԮɢֻҪɢ翪Ԫ룬ԳǱอѪ⼸û̫Ӱ졣
ǽⲿֶԪųˡ
ǱţĶ΢ɫһ䡣
ֻ⣬һԼٵġˡԶϿ
ͳǱڳǽĲ佫Ų޶£ֻлһ˿
롭ߡ
ɳƣȴܴܣֲ壬Ӥѧ


164 ʿ
ˣˣˣ
ƣܼĵ㡣
һڳǱϣɫȱ䣬ָһ
Ϊ˱ⱻţҲŴ״󺺹ΪǽѹɢΧĻˡΪ糣˵ֻڳǽϣڿЩ뵱Ȼˡ
Ǳ̾һһԭϸ㱻Ѫһ󲨶
ţǱ޾ˮƵģ佫ڳѪһգԷѸٸɱȥһͷڷתѩס
ֻŶԪδӦʶٿأһֿȫëųģȻ˲֮ͣƻҲҪһˡ
Ǳһţһ̽Ѫ仯
֮ǰ佫ѪԶͬãΪ˶ʱڻԪǿа˴Ԫ뵤Ѫ
£ȴֽ佫Ѫ壬һȥг໥֮£ʻģﵽڲʵʮ
ڻжδųһɢʴ⣬ȸղżӻϢҪ⣻ؿڵҲδȬȭ⼤ƣУһδĻϢԪ
ǣǱԾս½
ţǱӵվ𣬲΢΢һΡ
ϧʩչתʱǱ̼һ֮£ƥﵽƽδ֮٣Ҳ˺Сȼ졢⣬ˣṦȻʩչóȻʹãܻغ
ջͷǱ۾תͷ˷ţѾжϳ˵ĴݣԼλڡ
״̬ܲûһս֮óȻ뿪ܶսԷ֮£Ҳᱻ׷ϣʱ򷴶ʧ֣Ҫ͸Խˡ
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ʿô˽ÿ̤һڽµĵذһӡˡĳƽŲ
˿ȥСҲ֪̤ͨͨÿһȻڵ½ӡҲ״һˡۼ֮٣Ǳȴû̳֣ڳ˼š
է֮ºƳˣϷпڽǵĳһ㣬ϵ𲻿žۣ֪೤ʱδ滻ϴˣԷ˫ϵѥҲĥãŲ̤
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Ԫһ·ƣ;ģΪԪڲĶ˿δɢ
ڣǱҪľʱ䣬Ȼ壬һ⣬ɢ翪Ѫ⣬һ
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˫ֵѨΪ
ǱŲڶʣ䱸Сʿ
ˣˣͿˡ
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ʿӾתǳѸ٣һϢǰűߣһϢ˵˳Ǳǰ
˵죬ȴûгǱÿ졣
ʿһĳ嵽Ǳǰһצץȥʱ򣬳Ǳԭ΢˫ľâ˸⵶Ϻâ£̶ֱڲʿһ


165 ȡ
һնСʿ˫ƣǱ²ϵҿģȣ潣紩趯Ҳѭʲô·ֻȫ˳ƻ裬ǰγһƬĻ
һڳǱ˫ӿڽڹͨǣ졢ؽڣ˦ֱۡ
һߣ۾ڣ̺ʵԪţҲ˳Źɹɾƶ
ǲʿһ֣ͱն˫֣鲻仯ֻǰĲΪֹ֮ݵ⽣Ӱ֣ưҡҰڣһһˡ
Ϊ˾䲻ת־ϸ΢֮ȴ£ڵ֮ʣܹ
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ʿϵ۱ѵãҲ˵˽ۡ
ֻǣЩ˺ȴһ˿һѪһնϣڴСɼ׹ǵ˿ϣҲһѪҺ
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Сʿڻ˿֮ڻǴӵĻ˳
СĻˣЩ״ҪЩֻһĳ̡֪ˣؽ˼·ҲˣͻȻܹ䲻Ĵ乥ͼ͵Ϯɹ
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ղųǱɲ佫Ѫʱƽȣһֱ֣һһþǣȫ⣬ʱƸ
δδڻһŻϢԪûдóȻǣƶģҪǵǾˡԣֻܶþѰԷһʤֻһΣ
Ǳղڴˣδ뵽нɵһ̣ᱻⲻʿͻϮڲϲµģЩ˲á
⵹ҲǸᣬǰ˼ȻҲ״һǻˣôȻҲгˣ
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ʿ˦䶯ɣϵȻŲʿȥ
Ҳԣ
Ǳգһ۾־棬뵽ʲôϸֳȻ֮ɫˣѪһգɱ߲ܲݵĹ²˳⻼ԲͻȫܣʱϵԽãԽˣôԼ¶
Ǳ˵ţһţʿ˹ȥ
£Ͻˣһ˵ٶԶ۷ʱƺٶȡ
ʿĶֻδλҲ֪ŲĪ⡣
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һɫ⻪ķл
ʿһ٣ǰһ
Ǵ͸䱳ҡΰڶƲͷʿ˺˼
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Ǳһס˲ʿĺ
ž꣡
УǱ²ͣһһ̤Ųʿǰ壡
ʿ֫СŲӣֱӾ˫ء

ǱȽڶδǾӿ£ҲԽԽ졭
ôץŲʿֱ嵽˽յ©ǰȻǰһ˦

ʿһƣ©ĳ顣
һƬľУڿԾ
ƽĽֵϣտյġ
Ȼһ죬һ¥ĴȻѡ
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أ
ʿСصײڵϣѷ
ۣ
ڰյĳǱ˿ѪһĶǣơ
ϵĲʣǱغһʿߣ̧ƾ˹ȥ
ʿڵϣһ
ҪЩ˽ֱʧȥҪˤڵϣ͸֮£ʧȥж֮
Ǳ֮ðƼصķգŶԷ¥£ԭڴˡ
һӡȥ߶Ҫʼ㲻ʿѪδ룬ִԷʱһɭ亮Ȼ˹˳ִǱڣ
䣡䣡䣡
͸ǵϢ˲˳Ǳۡ
ֺˣֱЩϢδȥɢ˽ƤĤ
ڽӽֱ۾
ǡ
һ˿˿УǱԼֱţʱоȡ
ˣҲ
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Ԫ
Ǳһʶ
ͬһʱ䣬ŵ⵶Ҳ䣬ȻҵĲжʿȥ󣬺Ҫַɳ


166 
ɢ䣬ɢ䣬ɢ䡣
ǱظеԼУһŶʵԪڱ֮󣬿ʼ塢ɢɢ䡣
ŶԪȫΣա
©ƫҹ꣬Ǳŵ⵶ƫƫʱĪ춯ţƾһһƶһ˿ţҪ嵽ʿϡ
֮󣬳Ǳղסұ۶ǣǰơ
Ǳ״һ¶һĨЦ̲סôΪǸ᣿ٴڣһѵҲŻܵͣϣֵɱϢ档
䣬Ǳһ̧ۣдͼȻ𵴿Ⱥȫ붾Ԫ͵һԪ飡
أҲͶ
ԪһɢΪ㶾أķһˣҪ͵Ѫ⾭Уʱ򣬳Ǳֱ۴һһߣһ㶾رɢֱƶǰȥ
ͬʱǱұһ⵶һᣬһתڵϣǰһ죬ʿԴȥ
䡢
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͹Ѩڣ׳ġ
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롣
ƷΪ˴
ǽѭ⴦Ѩһյ㣬Ϣڴ󲿷漰־ĹУҪġ
ǱδϰԴ䣬ܹѪԴѨΪ͸֮һȥѨҲϤѨҲɶѨڵĺʽ١
£Ǳþʱ˴ڶ⣬Ｗѹⲿơ
ͬʱ䣬󲿷ֶʴ͹籡ֱע˲ʿͷ­֮ڣ
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ع룬ϵľҲУʿƤİȥӲı˱仯ſͣй⻪ϵƤۿɼٶѸٱûҰ
Ƕڿɢı֡
Ȼʧȥ˻ϣѪ⣬ǱȴŶҡѪʿʱ⣬ܹԴڰԭ򣬾Ѫı仯ֶһ룬Ѫ䣬ʱ˷Ӧ
ֱ˵һһģҵĲ֫鴤
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Ǳ۾гһ죬۾춯ĲʿڸűвĶʡ
ղţ߶£ԪХϾ;Ѫ⣬вڲ࣬ǱɳܣʧЩԪһ棬ǿй͹ѨҲˣһԪҲ֮ȥǱС΢С
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Ȼʧ˲Ԫⶾصһȥһǣǣ
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ţȻһԪʿ͵Ļˣ״󺺵ܴ״󺺵ѪС
ڸ̾ţԪ˳ֱ۴ڣɢƢƣݵ񶼿ʼָ
ЧǸ棬ǿʣԵãֻǣҼȻѾע˶ԷڣЩѪδзգǡţ
Ϊ˷ֹػǱ㣬ơ
ʱ䶸һ˿ȱĺٿشӶԷڴһǱڣ˲ϢӣһֻѸСӣڱľһ·ڣת۱ɣȻһ·³ֱȥ
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ǱоȣδӦ̾ڵԵŻϢԪԷܵƵģһ̺ȶȾȻȻ
ϢԪȻƾˣʲô̼Ϣˣ
أǱԺһʣһЩ˵ϿģһЩǰʱĴʻ㡪
ˣ
ϢԪȻԴԷҩַͺҩѵãʮ㣬ԡ
ڳǱڴܶѴﵤڵһ˿亮Ǻɭɭǹɡ
ɭһڵĻϢԪʱĿ꣬ͺһ鰲õĴ壬һһ飬ͻ˴ųһ
ԶϢԪȻǱʽȻ෴ı亮̼ˣʶ˷Ӧ
ǣϢԪڳǱڣڵԵôһǣǱѪ٣⧲֮£һѪζ
һߣ亮ǾֱͶ˵һ룬ͱԷĻϢԪסͣ¶˱Ŀ
⾹ȻһϸСġӰ
ӼСͨɢźۺɢƺȫɵġ


167 
Ǳţһɫء
ڣ֮УϢͺţͬǣϢԪǾһţ亮Ϊһö״
֮䣬һһĸо˴˶ų⣬ȴԾԾԵҪײԷȫɡĥ
ⲢǳǱʶָӣǡǡ෴ʱǱʶδٿصǿһԣϢԪͺӵģؼȻȺ졢
龰ûʲôຮײͷų˵໥ĥˡ
ɴʱڣȴǳǱĵǺײܿƵ翪룬Ǳ֮·ܾܿʹֹ˼շǳ
ֻǣǱֲóȻ棬ΪǿźӲƣԷڣ뵤У֪ʲô
෴ŻϢԪʶٿأǣϢԣſסĺӣǱҲͻأĴƽ⡣
ȣһʱڽ
һ棬ɵڵصĲʿҲ䣬ŶصɢϵƤѾȫʧȥѪɫû谵һƬƤһѺۡ
ѺݺƤϣͺǲϵѷһٵţ鲼ȫ
ھҵزţ֮զࡣ
ܣΪ֮ǰǱЯ佫ֻΪڶµĲʿ֮ЩֵĻǲδۼ˷Ӱ
ǱͲʿһվţһţԳı仯ļž
ⰲУǱĶͷϽˮ¶ƣ֮ɫĺı֡
Ҳѹ֣Ǳնڶǣ˲پ¸ǽ߾ȫȫעƽⵤڵȶ벻ķ񶼲С
ֻǣһ˫ɳ㡣
ǣķʽȰǿźסƽ⽨ʱײϡظһЩü޵跨߽⡣
ͻ״ǱûĻţģס˵еľ棬״˶Բߡ
ڴʱ
һȪˮͻأĳ֣ͷ£һ·Уת۱˵ڣŷһֱָͻϢԪĺӡ
ţҪƽϢҾ֣ⲻĺߣ
Ǳ΢һ̽顢ʱˣĪҪԼڵҵĺ
΢΢Ҫ뿪һ뿪Σֶٽ⣬ҲķѳǱһ˿
þ˵ֶΣȫȶŵ໥ǣֱںϣϣֶεģֻС
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ʶĶ࣬ϾֻǸ־ʽ֮ǰʶ֣ʶռ䣬ʶѹЩνЭҲͰˡ
Ϣǿߵ־;ٿأҪЩҲˣǽǱʶݻһ˳ֱ컯ΣǸľżԼ
򣬵Լƶ棬һԽ޴ң
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Ⲣǽ
ʶռ䣬ʶ
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ʶȻ죬߼̨׵ĵϣƮŵĹ͵һһ
ǿҵͷУԴԳǱĵ׵
Щ·һ㣬ں¡УڲײϹ
꣡
𣬵̨ϣǹâɵĹű澹ֳѷ졣
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һ𣬹ŻΪǵ㣬ɢ裬ʶľʧʶռС
硣
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ҵ˺ƽĳǱһһصĸо٣һ˲䣬ʶѸţȫϢٷ
΢ѪҺƤĤĲ
ֹǽƤĤѪอϸ΢İˡģϢ޾ϸĳУʶ֪·ͻȻ䱻һŴ󾵰㣬ڵһб仯Ŵ
ӣԣӣ빦쾳仯Ȼͻأܹ֪ȫͣڸоΣǡ
һˣǱʱάƽϷȻµˣ䣬ӦҲʶΪ
ֻΣ͸ղȫȻͬԴǳʶ
ʶǱ˲Ŵ
Ǳüͷеʶڵı仯
ʶ̨ϵĹһֻǡǵļ̨ףǵ̨ϵĹţ


168 ʶ
ʶ߼̨ףͨ㡣
ÿһ̨϶һŹÿ̤һһָʶʱޣʹ
ʰȴô򵥣Ҫһ˵ǽѻõĸʶӵһ̶ȡ
ǳǱܽĹɡ
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ǿֳһ˿ʶ̽ʶǱʶ̨ϣһ
̨ϿտҲԭƮĹѾӰ
ŹѣһµĸʶǿӳڳǱϡ
Ӧǡ
ǱѾõһʶζڶڱʶڶʶ
µ򣬳ǱҲƲ⣬ʵѾǳˣǰЧʣµָʶҲͺ֮ˡ
ʶô
ǱԴȫĸϢⲢģֱ׵ݷǱʶֱӸܵѪ仯
ȶ󲨶ϢԪϸС䶯ӾɢϵƵʣڳǱĸйС
ͬʱǱܸеԼʣľġ
ʶĪҵĻ
ǱͻȻһͷ
ղţǱʶҪԽ޴ҵΪ
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ڳǱȴһԽȨΪʶĪĳڣн٣֮£Ҳ޼ƿʩֻܼᶨģʶֻһߡ
ʶҪöȥǱΣգоͺǱķһҪǳϰߣһΣվ͵ʶȥ֮·Ҳˡ
ңʶˣ̾ͻᱻԭΡ
νߣ
Ǳϵģܸɹָӹߣǹ
ģ˽ѧݣöݵĸʶȥ׽ᣬЩԳǱܴ󣬲طϣⲢζ뿪ʶ·ˡ
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ֱʱǱųһע˻ʱӹһ١
ֻʱģȻһֱڵųǱĳɳػᷢ仯ƽ⡣
뾡һʵĹˣܼԵĻֻڹѺͬʱתƳȥ
ҡҡͷǱʶ֪ɢȥάʶ̫ǰ󲻹Ϣʱ䣬Ѿӽ;ƿˣɫɷס
ҲͶս̫£Ҫ跨ֲ
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ţǱһѳʿ⵶ҡҡλεĻţ뿪˽սĸ¥
ֵһǣ߶ԭۼΧļ˼ҴҵԶ룬ܵ˾š
ǵȻǺ³ǱڳǱеĲʿ
ǱϵҲԾ
ƼأݽߣϵҲԽԣټϳǱԼʶЩĻ֮ػ֣׹磬ͻ
ǵЩǱҲû̫ԶֹշתһƫƧĹᣬ߽ͣᣬӻȡһŵҩһ¡
ǵ
ŵҩ˵ģ֮ǰǱ䵽Ǽ¥ϵʱ򣬱΢ƽϢһҩѸתƣҸƧأٷҩˣû뵽ͻĲʿҼƻ
ǵҩЧܾˣֻǸոշ£Ǳеҩɢڼڡ
ƣԳ˿ɾٶȻָ
ܿ죬óǱ˵ľȻһ¡
һ֮󣬳Ǳипʱ˲ǣֻ⻼һЩ
˱鲼ڵĻˣ֪ںηӢʹӣԼֽ֮⣬⻼ǡ
Ŀ䵽Ե⵶֮ϡ
ҪҸʵʱˡ


169 ƿ
ʵʱǺʱ
ڳǱҪ״ָ̬۷ǿһ
ͷ˿˫֣лͰ䲼٤޽սʱ龰
ʱ̷˷ֱߵĶʮԽƤĤֱ֮ζ۷壡
һ̤ȥߵĺʯ棬ִܲȫ飡
ʱ־ĸо糱ˮХȭǱºһĳȵĸо
ϧԶʮľûսʤֽˣͻеĻ·硣
ҵĵҩõĲˣǵ̷ֻʣһöϵûٴμǱˣַʽһ٣ⳤǱϼ
һҪ´νʱսʤԷôҪʵʵڵĽԽʮߵĳ̶ȣ㣬ؼҪЩĻϡ
ǱţŤͷһԵĲʿ
粻ʿ״ˣṩӴѪʵԷԾ
ֻǣǰʿ±ؽȾ䲻壬ڵѪǲˡ
ңʿԲͬ״Ĳ佫ܼһʶһֺöӾԴˡ
ŲǱҲϨԲʿͷ
ҪȥǽѰ״󺺰
̾УǱһ¡
УҵǾʧȥʶӦǱʶУҪȵռߣӲںϵÿڤڤӦʱڵıʹּУϲĻҵ˵壬Ϊٽһ
ţڣǵҩ𽥳֫ٺ
ⵤҩȡԡˡ׹ǡ֮⣬ȻͼӰҩɢ֮£˴ĸоȻϹǡ
ʵʱ䣬ǱԼ𵴽ǣɢѪ⣬ѪתҲѸٻƣǱȱľʱ䣬ΣķһȬһ̽Ѱ
תۣչȥ
˵ҩ죬ǱǰءȵȴƷϣиѪҲȶȻΪʵֻ֮˽ʱ䣬Բ佫
³ڵĽ͵·ȻܹȻ⣬겻䣬У޷ֱҹʱԣǱ˼죬ѾЩ㲻ˣֻܹţϢʱȥ
ڵĺڣʱƽȣδʲôΣֻҪ㹻СģȥҲӰ
ûʲôԳ伢ʳУǱҲҺʳã˭֪ǲǰٶǰĶǿ˼䣬Ҳ֪᲻ʡ
ڣʳˮΪ󣬵ڲԪ׳ѪǱŸõѡ
أ
һ֮£ǰĲ佫ˤڵأܱ߽ߵĵʱһƬѷ졣
󣬳Ǳ˺һУȥԷڵѪһ
ѪΪһӿ˳ۻڣǱ¸ֳһϢӯζԪ׳
ɱһţҪЧҲе
ջƣѾɱĲ佫Ǳվü
ȻµѪʻûаάڲ߶ʮĳ̶ȡ¶˼֮⡣
ʮߵʣľ൱벽ζߵĺһǳǱΪһȭܱһߣǸʵҲԽ͡أ˵ķǣԺͲ佫ȭ
ǳǱϣԵս
ֻǣڲǰս˵佫Ѫʮ󣬾ͺǵƿ
֮ͬǰǱֻ佫ôѪȴҲ޷Ѫ·ʯ󺣰㣬ʧĲ֪ȥ
ڵ治٣˼ˣҪúõȫ̽һֻµ鷳ˣҺͼֽ˶սʱ򣬱˶ʮľҲ൱ڶʮʵĹûȡʤڵĶʮȻʵʵڣս֮ʱв㣬ٶϣһûʤ㡣Ҫٽһ뾡õߵ
۾ǱΧڶǣϸĲ׽ܶҰһڻ⣬Ӱ
ûи
߶ţ˰ΣǱǳǽŵĵطȴڳڣΪԡ
֮̽ΧΪʱǰ벻佫ʱеһˡ
Ӣ
֣Ǳдٻе֪ģٻ˽ⲻ࣬ΪǸԺ
֮ǰ䲼٤޺ʱǱ֪Ϊǰ벽졣
ֻһܽ쾳
Ƭ̣ʽǱ·磬ǵͻȻӱĳһعжսֱƵǸԶ룬ϡ
˵⼸Ǳģ־춯صĺȺֹĴΣÿһζŪܾ˵̡
Σķƿ뾡춯ˣȻ³ݡ


170 
һ·УǱصŵᡣ
⼸գŴҲڲϱ䶯
һ̤ڣǱĿڷݽ䣬ӰСſ۵ӣϸȥǸݽӲȻ粻ʿһˡ
϶鲼ŵѺۣȥȻǱظʴѪģ
Ȼʮʳƿ޷ˣôҪʼֽǰü޵ˣ֮Ҳȥ׷ߵ
һ۽ļˣǱһӱϽ⵶˹ȥ
ûҵգߺ֮ϵ֣ʱʱԶƺ䵽ϣܵģȳµĵ֮֮ǣҪȥ̽飬˵Ҫڹϡ
䣬ǣ⵶һתвһʿš
ۣ
з޹ǣֱอ
⼣߰ߵĵϣɫһųǱ㿴Ͷؾ죬ɴĲʿһ£Ѹٸɱ
ͬʱ⵶ҲҵĲ¶ȶñ
ܿ죬ʿһͷ˿תף׼žԭСǳصӯǱ״һᵶȻ󵶷һתִһʿ
Ա߻ƵСӣǳǱƶ֮ʱģӦΪ̤ǵ
ȺʿΪʿڣƺֺӣԳǱûǵѪǽֱвĶرƳڣҲ˺󳾣ʧȥжá
Ѫ⵶һգڶʿҲɱ޶
֮ԵģڽʿѪ֮⵶Ա仯⼣߰ߵĵϣɫֳеѪϢȴǿңǱĸоܹ죬ⲻǰѵһˡ
ͬڲ˵ֺԨһĸоһɽʵ
ɫĲ󡢼ѵ¶ԽԽͣһ麮͸ǡ
Ǳоâ˸ס⵶оŴѪӿ뵶УһϢӵ
ϢƮǳͬѪϢǳǱʶ֪ҲԼ
ѵ湻أءٷҲܲ׵ߣŻһԣǱȴֱչ¶ʵĿһ̽
ڶʿֱɣǱԤУ⵶ܼչ¶Լǰ
һˣﻹֵͣĵϳһתִ˵ʿ
Ѫת
һΣѪûг̫ʱ䣬ʿϵѪû٣⵶ͷ˳䡣

ӵϴƾ
ţԭͲɫĵ֮ϣɫ⻪תبҹǹ˸޲ɷ
һӰɫ⻪֣ʵ
ǱҲ⣬⵶һתڵϣȻ󶨾ȥɫӰϡԿţһŮӣϴɫɴȹֻڵϣӡڵϵһ
ֻǣ⻭ȴǾֹġ
ɴ죬ƮƮӻ߳
ָоأǵϵŮСƫƫڱĹУһ˫ѩĳһһ̤ӰãĸǱһִԶĸо
ⷬʣǱȻҲо棬ʶľǰҲû¶̫֮ɫֻǣŮӡ߽˶Էģ֮ɫЩı仯۾
ŮɢͷںڵĳٲֱŸ¶ɴӡͰС֬㣬׾ûһ˿覴á
ŮӺڽһ䵽ϣתͷԳǱȻһЦݣӣɫ촽΢΢ϣֺҪ˵ʲô
Ǳ۾ҲһЦŮӵͷȻ̧ƣƱúں졢ᣬɢһѪζЮƥͳŮӴƵϸ˹ȥ

ŮӾһֱƮë˳Ǳһơ
أŮüͷһ˫ˮ˫ͫųǱۺί
Ǳҡҡͷ̬̫ҵˡ˻ǹԲ壬ֻ֪⵶ô£ʲôأȻҪǣΪʲô⵶УǺηʥ
˵Ǳһ䣺ȻԲ˵
罣зâ
Ůһ㶣ӳǱ˫п㶯ҡʱˣԼŮӵͣԼʯûκá
̾˿ĵūҲһ֮ˣĦŮ
Ǳŵ˫оâһ
Ħô

ڳǱǼ䲻۵һԳơĦŮ潻̸֮ʱ³ǵϷ֮䡣


171 Ϯ
³ǵϷ
ӿƮƮ䡣
ԳǱȽ룬䲼٤޺Ѿδ̤ڴˡ
Ǵʱµˡ
һӰ䣬ֳܿͬӪ
Ϊ׵ģһȥԼʮߣͷСڣ˫ϸ죬ƲֺϴһϮۣ紵ţƮм
ӣһüһ罣âͬͷׯӽŻɫֱ
Ƥе׳˶ӣӵȴһӣͳУ⼸ϺͳǱͻĻӶȻС
׺ͳΪ׵İ˾¸϶Ų֮ɫ
ǰʮ˵Ķ飬ĳż磬Ʈ£ܿ˳С
ΪʱһӣһбƶѹΧ£Ļֱӻɡ
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صм״ǰһҪƳգҲҪѪζ۷壬ΪζҲֻǿǧﲻǿɵһϣĿ˶ǮƾƱϲͬն
ţһ˶غʱǰΪǧ߱ȭγϣ˴żһУͳϣܹ³ɼϺ
ǧϸ۾Ƴһۣϲδڣ˳ֳһɰȻ֮⡣
һǰһʦ˴ǰͼıżΪʦȥǳǱСΪ¾ҵӣɥĲİƱϣΪУȡ֮ĦżҲûã
˵꣬лδӦʹһŭ
ҼͳǺʦ˵ʲôҲܳſڴƻƣ
ȴǻӶ˵
С𣬲÷鰴ֹ˻Ӷŭγ󣬿ɾͷǰǸҵӣҪ֪ء
ӱӶǳ⣬ɫѿеĻɫ
ʱǧȻڵͳ첻ظϷϷΪóǱСҲΪʦֺүԼżз֣ҲãϣʱҪ˺
ǣǡеͷȻһתɢȥֵܿ£Ļˡ
һҲһᣬ˲СĶٻע⡣
Щ˵ĴڣУǶǧǸոص׺ͳ춼ûֳκξȺ⡣
˵ǰͷ
ǧȻֿڵСǷһ֮ʣҲǾֻ˶ΣСĸĸɽţ̣ϴˢοʦܡͽʦֶ֮顣ңûѰأ⳥
⡭ɫ⳥˵ֻǳǱĸĸ漰¹
ĪҪ˵Щûõġǧڰ֣Сĸǳĵ׶ӣ֪ͬǰҶСүӣһ󰸣ǣٰγүֶΣ߽
˵ţһ˫ϸ۷춢УЦλүʲô˼֪͢Ҳ˵ˣʥһּѹ촦ˣ
γԣԡ⼸仰ͷ亹ʥƽʥӢ䣬Բᡭ
µȻʥҲϢĻϲ֮ˡǧЦݲ䣬ĪҪˣǰҲλСһֲٰ̫ξǿǣ㰡ֻһʹˣ˭뵽ûˡ
ɫ䣬ˮ¡
ǧġ̫ξ೤һĴ̣ĸо
ֻ̫ξļҶڽϵϷŮӣû뵽λСүŮӣҪΪƫΪ˰ŮӳץǼҶɰ׷飬ȻǣϪ
Ϫʵŭ֮£永ļǧͷֹ˰꣬ɴͷȨΪְȻЧϳʡá
еɫǧ⣬֪˶Էвܵ⣬㲻ٶԣһתҲߵĵӹȥֵˡ
ֻǣ˵ĶԻҲ䵽˾벻Զ׺ͳУɫѿ
ɶ񣡼⼸ҳһ£үү˵Ͷ֮£ǰɽһȥضһãΪ£ɣȻҪһңǿǳ¸żҲ̫ĺˣԹţš
ļ̾Ϣһ˴˰ĻɵԼˣҲ赲ūɣǸǲϣ鳹ʧء
ͷҲж
ֻǣǶǧУס죬ûע⵽ԶһݶϣһǱŵӰ
ĲƱô䲼٤˫Ѫ죬˿ҡ֮ɫ

ͬһʱ䡣
Ǳ⵶һĽֵϻţһȸߴǽ


172 ֻǰ
ǱֵС
µʯ쳣аٲǰȣһʮס
ֵԣһ۴αȵţȻӰϡܴǽ߼еǰķ
ˣǺֵģĶأأǵһԪڣūȥᣬԹǺ«
һɫӰƮڳǱߣͭ壬εģ°׷֮ɫੲݵ˵š
ֻǣô˵ǱֻĬǰУᡣ
ڳǱǰƮӰǴ⵶߳ģԳĦŮӡ
˵Ҳ֣ԴŮӴӵ֮߳󣬳Ǳ㷢⵶ʼɢһϢƮƣȻҲܹЩͨĻˣǲҿ
ֻǣϢڵȼߵĻãڸղţǰֵ;УǱŸոսһ·Ĳʿ

˵˰ĻǱضһ䣬ûԼһۣŮ΢ģüͷڰ׷һת⣬ҲĴƮǻصǱߣ˵˵굫ĽʿӴﾭֻǰܸӼʹͣսߣֻܽŵֻؾڹ
˵ֻţɾǰǵţſڹ
ǱȻָ̧ԶŹʵ
ŹʯͣнʮɳŵÿŵжһȽյľţмһͨ尵𣬺ۡ
Ůӽһ˿ɫ
ΪʲôںأԭҲ㡣
ţ֣תӣ
ǱüͷһҲʣֱһ̧֣ͷһѪӯƣŮӻ˹ȥ
ŮһæƮ˫һɣһϧ֮ĶûСԴţƺܾδƺ뵽ʲôѵûôȭ˲ūҡ
ΪҪŶǱҡҡͷ䲻֪ԺʽӦøȣܵ
̧һŮӵзһ˿š
˵֮ηӦ͹ƣҲηǡѪ
Ǳһ仰˵꣬ŮȻûлػѾӶԷϵľ㵺Ϳֻ֤ʵ˲²⣬Ҳȫ˵͸˻
ŮӼ״Ĭһᣬ̾˿ԹڵȷʵܽӴӣȴǵΪѪѪȻ׳ʵֿܵһ񣬲Ӱ첻˼ɵģڵӡ
λ˵İ񣬳Ɐ⡣
Ǳδֻʣӣɺۼɵӣ˵ںͻϢԪŵĺӡ
ȻǣǲǸ賯д󳼵ĲǽĸĺôܺᲢۡ
Ů΢΢һЦҲҲ£Ӳʲôǡǡ෴ıһֻţϵǸҵģ˱ʣֻصϡ
ǱȻô˵ӦҵˣҲ˵Ѫ˵ţ̧֣Ϊ㣬ЩɫֺڶѱϮƽﶼòס
û쳣ʳĶˣûֻؾ޷ٿأѪʱͬҲһͬ룬ƲŻڡ
˵סڲԣ֮ⲻԶǲƵĻЩᱬϡ
Ǳͷл֪
Ů̾˿֪Լ֮ǰĲǰӲԡµͣˣС˼ɴ
߸ոͨҪ˵ǱߣǱٿʵ֪Ҫʲô
ôһʣŮסˣӣ΢ųӺδԡȴѵнɢˣ
֮ǰľ⵶⵶УСǿӣҸǰ࣬Щ䲻ǹﱾ⣬ѳʵǶжȻˣԻᱨܼ֮£ȴ
ŶԭŮӵͷԳǱӡиĹۡ
ǱĻȴû˵꣬ĴҲһɢҳǱһĦһҲ
㣡
Ůʱɢипüʲôа˵
ǱĬ
Ů˵䣬ȤҲǲټȻˣҲĨˣֻҪҽֻص㱨ˣˣһϣֻؾħƷ⼸仰УְԹ֮ɫȥ¶һ˿Ӣ䡣
ǱҡҡͷˡԴ
㣡Ůӳˣҧ
һᱨҲֻܼ֮£˵ʵΣķΪóȻǰѰ·ˣҲûʲôˡ
㲻ҪôŮӳʵ
Ǳ˹֡
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173 
ǱŮӶãŮڳһܡ
ðɣðɣҪЩǿѣǾͻһҴڳйˡָָǰĹţֻţ߼ܵйܽڳǣôйа취ʶֻصҲЩ
Ǳ۾ŮӵӣĿ絶ܶģŮһ󾪻ţǿ򶨡
һᣬͷԣҿԳһ£ȥǺܿҷ𣬵ʱҵǶˡ
ţ˵ʲôǱ˵˵ǣŮͷһ㡢ߣ汻Ǳ˰ѱ
ǱǲǱͲô¶ҷ⵶״Ƴһͻڲƭǰ˵ȥĳڣҪЩЩˡ
˻⵶ʱӦøĳֻصˣʧȴӰܴ󣬶ңҲţʶԶһѵϣ£϶ҪжʹңҲ취˰
ŮӳĬ
ã˵˵ˣ뿪ֻصĻҺܿҪɢʶʶҲȫ뵶С
̧ͷԹ飬һؿųǱһҪлǣǵĵʹܴǧ꣬ʶ磬ҶûУʲô˼
ǣǱͷ֪ԷָǺԼһͬ̽ѰżҵŮӣ⵶˵ֻصշɳѨҪϮˣ
ŮҲ⣬󷽷ҵʶֻصУѪҳƷֻܴϢֻһֱҶǻججģֱյѪлأҲűѣѪһٻѪεģųǱסڲ
Ѫô
ǱȻ֪Է˵ʲôû뵽ɰ;Լֻ϶ô򵥣ΪӻܵԼУ
ֻǣû˵ƵıҪ
ջĿ⣬ǱŹȥеЩ˵ҲãǽڳǰɣЩŹرôЩ꣬Ӧò״򿪰ɣڳǱǽΧţǽûŴʵǡ
߽мŵǰǱȥţ˿
ŮҲƮ˹ЦŲôġУҲ̧˫ֻ֣׵Сȥ
ᴥš

һɲŮɢ

ǱĿеŮɢģһֳ˲ĸоǳʱڣݳݺɡＴա
󣬾޴ġ˸ߵĴ΢΢һдͬĲ
ŷΪҲᴫ
Ǳͷɻδ£Ůϵ͵һ䣬ɭţϺǧ⡣
֮ӦյŴĲҲ֮䣬ŷˡꡱһʲôˡ
ǣ
תУŻ¶ź
ڳǡ
³ǷΪڳǺǣǱǳǱԭڣǰǸͨھסģ鲼֡Ὠȥܼ򵥣û̫ĵΡ
ڳͬ
ǱֻǴŵ濴һۣĿĶǸŴլǽԺǰʯʨݼޣȻѾƾɣܸеһ˿
ЩʣǸĦݵλ˾סģǳеĸۡ
ͨ㣬ǱͻȻһ˿ԤУת˲ţ룬Ҳûҵͷ֪ڳһǱʶĵǡ
Ȼ벻ͨǱҲʱŹǰڳǣû̽룬תƮһԵŮʵ㿪ŵķĪǺйأУ֮ǰ˵ֻܰϰڹôģ
ŮǸϣֱӻصֻҸ׵һĸֻؾܹˡ
񵽵ʲôأǱʳ˾òĵһ⡣
㲻֪ôŮֲ죬Ӧ˾֪İɣ
˾֪ǱҡҡͷںͼǰѾͬˣܶ鶼ѱ䶯ȻڵҵӦúɣǱ˵ţ۾
ŮҡҡͷʶڵУоʧֻԼӦ磬ô֪һܵ佫ͲĳϢͰ಻סˣ
ƺ϶̸һת˵ʲôǲûشΪΪ񾳣û飬ʵڲý⣬Ͼûй̶ʽһλһʽһѱһۼһƬ
һȣ
ǱüͷŮһ仰͸¶Ϣ̫࣬Щܲˣֻܼһؼ׷ʣʲôҲһôĪߵһ׶λ֣
񾳶֪ŮӵۿųǱе̬ͺǿäôܺͲᲢۣʲô֪һʱôܺԺɡ
䣬촦һ״деָָָڳǡ
ڣȥйģ벻Զһһò˶೤ʱ䣡ȫúܡ


174 ֲߣ
˵ĺܰȫ
Ǳнţ̤ÿ̤һʯذһĽӡЬѲ̤ܳܵʱױ⿪
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ڳǱһִ޴׵Ĳ佫о޴һ֮£ڵϣʯɽ
֪ҳ˯֮ǰ񹦸û뵽ȻûнЩūȫɾǱߣ
ǱһһҲͲ佫һ˳ƮŮӵָ㣬Ѹȥ
һõ涼΢΢𶯣Ҳ佫ͣ˲
ֻǣĵӰȴٴִ佫ԳеһӼףеؼףеۣеֻǴͨӣȴǱ
һѪӯתɬȻˣǲ佫ǲĳ
˵ǣЩ˵ĺ棬˸ŸӰֵս칭ޣʿ彣ʿ
һҲҪнʮˣȻһɫǲ佫Ͳĳ
ǱǰܣŮƮһԣʮߵȻ˽󣬺һȺڳǳǽԵƶʱм;Ļ˼
ԽԽԽԽ
еˣǱڣÿһѪӯǿޱȣһһ̤ľ
һ·У¡¡ģ;˻ֵׯڵһ飬ûһذõģǽ涼жദѡ
µ㾰ʵǳǱ֮ǰ֮еԵɡ
֮ǰĸߵȼˣ佫ĳƽֻǱЩͨˡ
ڳǣȴǴٹˡ佫ͳ˧ĸۡǵ֮ôһۼ˴ߵȼҲͲˡ
Ǳϵֻص˱죬ͷųŮӺ󣬿͵ȻˣڸߵȻȴûӰ졣
쵽ˣǰԲԣйţ֮иĸӳ֣ЩߵūԽ׳һ
ŮƮһԣһ·УΪ⣬Щ߼˲֪ΪʲôԵʣṥ
ԭˣȹȥ㵽УǱص
ȹȥأĪԣԸ뿪ֻصŮɫ仯üԹ
ǱЦҼȻӦˣͻֻȺһ׷˰죬֮ǰΪ˸·޷ᣬô
һȣҲ뿪ֻص̫Զ
Ůӻû˵꣬Ǳһ˦ֻص˳ȥӰйٷȥ
㣡Ů˸ŵĶһƮεĳŵɷȥ
ֻصеĳǱһţֱӷתԭ·۷ӭһ׷ôֱ˹ȥ
׷߶˽ʮˣ
κһˣƾ֮ζߵʵ
ʹζ۷塢벽ߣôߵȻ˵ΧҲҪŵ㡣
ǴûüȫսһΣյĻȷƽʱҲˣƾž˵ľȻװܵУҪ缫ֽ˺ǰ֣κһпͽλᣬĴսһ
ǱţѾڵ㣬һͷײӭһ佫ٶȼ죬佫ϵĴ󵶻ûüǱȭͷѾڶԷϡ
ɹɶȫĽƤĤ˳һȭӿȥ
䣡
ͨһȭδҲûзѪҺȴԶ߽ϵ
Ǵ
ϵף类紵ĺˮ㣬Ȼһ
Ǿ
ž꣡
Уѿ
ǴҲһȭɣ
󣬳ǱһȺ֮У̧ȣ֧أݣԭת̧Ⱥһޣôɨ

Ǳܱߵ߰߻ûлعͼָףûü̳ȥͱǱȸɨУɢɣ
ԭվĵطпըըƵġ
һЧǱֽŲͣһתŲơ
ÿһȭÿһţעһַĵ׵ĻϲȭŻӶ𽥳УҲԽԲת

й
һƬռزСĹȺǽΧס
ǰԺһǷĴ
ֻصڵǰ̨ϣŮƮԣϥģֹ
Ȼһ춯
ԭŵĹűƿǱ˽õģȫ¶˾׳š
߽ԷǱҲ飬һ˺ɴ
йΧЩ׷һſڵأڷ𣬲ԽߵйЩߵȻȴԽ׳һ
ˣţǰУѰһźڰɫӣĴָô󡣡
ܰӵ
ӲǸõģǸõģ㲻ѧڹôӣ书ؼѧˣܰҰ״̬ŮȻ˵Ʈ빬
ԭ˵Ŀɲ̫һǱ˵ţֻصӵϰ𣬸ȥ
̤빬һ̣ͻȻҲ

̶ԣתۼ䴫ڳǵÿһأֺХ³֡
ֲֿϢٴν١
ǱеһΣԼƺǸԴӽϢȻʵʵĳܣճУǼ米иظУϢһ壬ǼƤ񣬺һֻҰţΪ
ƮǰŮӣҲܵͿֲϢӰ죬Ӱһģ¶𺧺һ˿ˡ



175 
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Ǳָǰ̨ϵǿĴָСӣʵ
£ܵĿֲϢȥϢֹϡϡŰɿܵϢ
߲ʱϵҲ΢΢
һʼĿֲϢڵҪ̫࣬ٳǱûҰĴ
һȴŮӵĻػǱͷȥԵЩĲɡ
ԴӴ𣬳ǱͷŮӵ״ضŹ£ŮӼȻΪĦҲΪΣŽֻصô֪ܿǳرģԴ
ֻǣЩǱģһʵĹ£˵ǹϵʷ
ûд밧˵ŮӣǱ֣ǿźڰŵǰϸꡣ
ǲһ㣬ֻʱǱδٲƷңܱΪ书ؼӣô룬һͨĲ顣
ңǱָⴥӵ˲䣬ԸеӵĲͬ˿˿ůϢдݹ˲ˬĸоо˲
ӹȻ洫ݳϢܹˡţ
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ֻϢСڳǱӰޣǿǡ
Ϣ仯֮ȻӰ첻󣬵Ǳͨţ̾ͱϢᣬӲʬ
ţϺڰɫٴתůϢٴγ֣ȡɭɭ
Ǳüͷӿν죬̶̼Ϣʱ䣬ȻϢ䲻ϱ䶯ҲǷǷ֮
о˰ɣ鱾һֱҺԸУҸУֻܼؾϰһδ˴ﵽľ磬˸񹦴ɺΪҸϰ㽫⻯Ϊעڡ
ŮӲ֪ʱƮ˳Ǳԣϵָ̬糣
ԭˣ˵书ؼǱ˵ͷתͷʵô뿪񣿡
ǣ֮ǰ˵ôǸ׼ģҪңҪ߱һֶΣʲôô
Ůָ飬£һ̼ڵ񣬴㣬֮󣬾УڣϢ£ʮ죬Сɡ
Ȼ˳ǱһۣЩȷĵԣһӾͳɾ͵һҲпܡ
ǱҲن£һݣ˾ﶯְɡ
Ůӵһ㶣ôɴ֮ࣿǰǻ˵޹»ô
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˻ǡ
ųǱı飬Ůл㱣ǿ˼ǰһϤӰû뵽֮ǰļƶûɵĿģȴôɵıǱӦ
֮ѡǱΪ˳Ǳ֮⣬Ҳˣ֮µѡ񣬶ŮҲ׼ŴЩֶΣǯơ
ڣŮӶԳǱӡЩĹۡ
ȻˣôͿʼɡ
Ʈǰ̧˫֣ڳǱһֵ
ˣ֮ǰԳƣֻ֪Ǳ㻹ûʹҵءҲ˵ҲѯʵģҼסˣ飬ĦĶŮ
䣬ǱӦŮ˫һڰ׹⻪Ʈɢ䵽ϣӵʱ΢΢ĺڰ֮ɫת
ڰײβѸתţģγһС
Ȼ
һ𣬾ȻĴָС硣
ڳǱǰԽԽſ棬ȻһϸСޱȵַ
ַϸСתӵţеŮ顣
һת˫ǰһƣɴƮ衣
Ǳ˿ǣţһձ򣬳ĳǱ
ҪģЩֻǵ񣬲̺Ϣ޺
£ǵҲſǱǰ
ͻȻ
Ǳ˫âһֳһΣţ忪Ϊַ˫۹룡
󣬳Ǳ˽ԭأٶ
ţûûӴ˫ͽˣһ˲䣬ôе׵ƿأһ˿Ȼ


176 Է
˫ۣΪ֮
͸˫ۣܹһ˵ġ
£һööŹĦַҲųǱ˫ۣӵǰʶ
ֻǣЩַȴԷнģǱʲôǣţֱʶ
ڳǱʶһ߼š
ʱĵУһ˿˿ص©Ͷ
£ǱӰƾյһ䵽˵ϡ
ʶռ䣿û˯ôͱˣڡǱ¶ɻ֮ɫǰ¡
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ѣ
ʶռϣһѺͻأĳ֮䡣
ʲôѿˣǱ״̧ͷȥȴķ֣һַɵĺڰȻѷдڳ
ȫ֮ϵѷѸϣظʣǵѷ·δֹһ
ֻǵѷдܽĺڰȴóǱƤһһж
ⲻĦ飬˵ôôʶռ棿һݡ
δȳǱ˼·Щžٴη˱仯
һ˿˿ĻҰ֮Ǳһֻ˺ţΡ䳤վַ˳
ڰ֮һööַ׷ֿˡ
Ǻڰڳһţı仯γһΡ
ǰһĻóǱеϤͼǰͷʶʱľơ
Īǡ
ͷһתǱתͷʶ㿴ȥʱŷֵϵ״©⡣
Ȼˣ
һǱźڰ֮ɵȥʱӰѾʧˣΪһԲĺڰš
ǱȥʱһΣȻʶٳȥֱû봰Уʧ
龰ͬѵʶ㣬νֻ񵽵ʲôһû׸ңʱѹߵʱһɫâʶĵĲ㡭
˼ӿţǱ˲ӹʡ
ʱȺƽһööַĸԲ
һһۣһ壡
תַۣͺܵǣһͶ֮ŵϵĳǱ˹ȥ
ŶǱعû¶ݣǾؿֱööַ
ַţХ磬һŴǡ
תۣ㵽ǰ
š
ײ
ϸСַȻֱӾײڳǱϡ
Х
ǱпХһööַϵ͸Ȼӱִ˳ȥ
ַ磬ӳǱǰƻõĴִ͸ʶźХȥ
֨
ʶſ
Щַ㾶ֱӿУǻһϿپţ¶壬һᡣ
ַӳǱϴ֮󣬾ԾۼⱾᣬϣǸһС׭
ֻؾ⡷
ͬʱⱾԱߣǱżҵϵٿɢΪһʻζ¹죬֡

ʶǰַĳǱվԭأ˫ſ۾ϵıڻζʲô
һööַ͸ĸӿͷ
ã˫ۡ
棬ѧһµĹϰáʡģݣҲҪٰʮķϸ¹۲죬סұЩַһ¸򣬺ϰ˼ʮһֱӾҪ㣬Ī
ţתǰŶŵᣬĿɨӡ
ȵõĹȻֻֻؾһ֣תȴѭȡ֮⡣
⹦ҪֻͬѵһܹɣϰߵѪȫһ˵ڣ󣬹߻佫µľΪū
Ȼпᣬ˵֮ԷࡣطˣΪضף
³ڵǧˣЩΪ˳ɾͲ佫ū˵ܴǧ꣬ʶɢֻʣܣ㲻ˡ
̾ϢһǱӿһԵĸп
һǿݡ
֮Īˣÿһʽӵ󣬶ڻҡ̾ͣ˿Զֻҫ֮ˣЩڵײ㡢˵ڽڻң˭ϧȥһ
һ䣬ȻֻڻңҲڣһһ⣬;ˣҲ׻
ͷᶨͬʱǱӰ䵭ʧʶڡ
³ǣڳǣй
վԭصĳǱƽ۾
Ŀģһ˫ڰ׷Ĵ۾
ףѹ
ŮջĿ⣬ֱͦӡ
ǰȥ˰ʱ䣬ҶĹԸˣûϵֻҪ˹ԣ˵ţͻȻɫһ䣬Ŀ磬סǱ
ȻˣΪҸûлع飡


177 ֻؾ
ܵģԲܣ
龪ţϵǹɽʶɢ
ҸΪͨ죬µ񣬱ٹǧҲδػɢ϶ʲôط⣬Ī̫ӣʹ޷⹦ԲŻٳٲ
С߬ȭǽ֮ɫ˫мҪᡣ
ǱҲΣ۾ǰλ¹߶ţûعûлط
˵ǵ񣬻ýܵ˽ֻؾĴţ˷еʱ򣬾ͻ°빦
ǣ޷ͳǱ˴εջȣǱβ˽˹ţȫˡͨЩַĻᣬһپֻͨؾĹؼţǾ˼ʮһģ˽ĻҪ
龪֪գǱʶһпΪʶ
ʶֺڰַ뿪Ȼֱڿ˵õȫ飬ΪУ
űʶɵš
Īźڰı壿
ֻڶ㻹̨ûƿ岻ĵ߼̨ǰǱҲ̤㣬ܽĶȡ
ʶҲУǳܻأΪԷǸŮҪԼǱȫζԷ
ԣѯֻܳĬԶԡ
飬̽飬ȻȥǸʶ壬Բֽ߱˵ֶΣ޷ռȵ߶һᣬҲΪǱ֪ͬȻʱˡ
ЩڳǱ¸֣û뵽δʩУͺʧȴϵ
ˣڲǼƽЩʱΣѧֻؾ
ջѯʵֻ֪ؾľˣÿʼϰ׼ô
ǱͷڶⲿδĹϤ¾̿ʼй
ǺãͿʼɣڵϢܿգʮգĻվܹɣʱͿ԰ˡ
мҪ˽ǱҽӵϷǷԼ֮
ҵӦûڣȴڳǳֲԸҹȥҾֻ˶ˡ
ˡǱͷ˶ԷԿʼˡ
ãҲͷ״деָͷϡ
ӹһ̨ͶӰ㣬һööͶӰڳǱǰ
֣һһе֣дһ㡣
Ǳ˫飬ϥ
ǰ֣֮ǰַǧ֣д
书ؼзš
ǱȻֻؾ˽͸Ǹ򣬲ǾԿЩ֣Ҳаһһġ
Ϊ˽ÿֶμסӡĵס
ͨƪһЩϸҲ˸Ǳһ
ֻؾǳⲿ֮ˣѧˣǬԣ㶼ἰ
ǱСʱҲϹѧʶѧ飬äһ·ҲԸͷǣ֮ǰɵַƾͺͿˡ
һҲܿͷǰǼóܽᣬһܽŷ֣⹦ȻԭϰȴԵ
ֻؾΪ汾
ԻΪԱΪϣɾȻ󲻶򰾣ⷨţ𽥽֮תΪ֮ѭ򽥽
ҫ˼̫գůɳΪ
һˮǹ̶䣬ñ֣ž
⣬й漰ֽǳ
ת֮Ѫϣƽ⣬٣ֻء
ֻǴ˺棬Ҳ֪Ħҵһ棬뵽ֱ֮ķӣû뵽ʤӴһʰ
ⷨŴഫһĦϣ͸ϵ
ǱϵǰĦΪú֮ܵƣмιעȥΪһ챦ܹй
Ȼ湦
һпǱϵӣĬ
ôˣûУò˽⣬ңҵҲϰܸ󡣡ʼעųǱǱܷѧֻؾϵĴɲ⡣
ˣиɻ󡣡Ǳӷŵһԣʵ֮ǰἰⲿֻؾʱ˵һƷ֪ڹ⹦ֻΪƷô
۶ǰ˿⵱ȻǼƷƷֻǷɭϣƷ漰תƷԺƷܹơܳգһ쾳֣߳Ҳܿ죡ұضܽ죡


178 Сơ
ƣ죿
Ǳ˾񣬱ϾһֱʼնΪؾ߱۷塢޽ӣߵҲġ
ϧ֮ǰһֱھ֣۽ޣ֪붼оޣ¼ȻǰλĦƺ֪٣ǱﻹзŹĵ
֮ǰһֱ˵߽½ɣǵж
߰ƫͷһ£Ȼ֮ǰδе쾳磬ĸҲѳԽ쾳Ҳû֣Ҳ˵ѾܸԪ֮ơ磬ܾɳˮʯԪ쵽ꡭ
Լ֪йߵϢ֪˳Ǳ㲻ȫ棬ٽɴ˺һǣóǱ￴ʵУҲȷĿꡣ
Ȼ·ҪһһߣȻ׷ؾ³ǱһҪϰڹζУǿ¥
Ǳʱ֮ԻͻȻʳƷ֮˵ѯ쾰ԭڣոնġֻؾû˵ⲿԴﵽʲôزֻǰͰĽš
ȷᵽľƣֻĸ
Ѫһ㣬ζ㣻
쾳һ㣬ϴ軻Ѫ
쾳ڶ㣬һ죻
쾳㣬š
Щͽ׶ΣֱӦֻؾǰĲ㣬ݽֻ棬Щɲˡ
Ǳ˼䣬ʱҲӦˣصķǸӵõģԲƣܽҴȻԵõķɵõħҿҲϲõħԾףʺá
ЩûӰ飬»ŪֻؾǱڰ֣㣬ֱ֮зţûʲô֢
֢ȻûˣǴ游ֱҸ֣˵ķţݱ˰ٶ꣬ʣŵԳ͡˵⻰ʱ򣬵ظһɵģϷŹԣȻǳԼס
ĻǱҲ˵ֳָָ
Цݶʱϣ浽εŵūǺ֢֮һ
ɲһ
һᣬ飬ֳкƽ٣ΪʧأЩûѧֻؾΪʲô˶ѧ׹ôûѡҲ飡
˵ţĪļ֮Ա޻ʵƣΪ˱סĦȲǿг߾磬Щᷢ
棬ͳҲԵ䡣
ǱҡҡͷʹܱסʹһʱԶ֣ҲΪһѡ¹ǡ˽Ȩƣȴ֪Ȩǣһ֮Ҳɼ³ҪԼĸȪ°Ϣ緵֮ĻһأҲǸ
Ǳ˵ʱȴ뵽Լ
ο˵ģҶܻţĸȻҲû¡һۣȴδˣĻһأ˵ףмܰ쵽
ǰǲһΣܼᶨģ쳾ˣþ˾ͻУһԣ֪첻õǱҡҡͷ˵ЩˣҪʼˣһ뿪У˳֣ܽȻá
˵úһΣֻ˹һЦ
Ǳҡͷٴ𻰣վߵһϣ
ЩţڷһߣƺǸ˴á
⹬ķãҲй࣬ƫƫҳһֱɨһ㣬֪ǲҲá
߹ȥţ׼ϰˣþԼϲλãһͻȻ뵽ʲôһƮе·ˣ⹬Щۣҽȥһϡ
˵һ룬ȻסڣԼʱ壬޷
ô鷳˵ڹųʣøһϣ˶þֻˣ˹˵Ǳڰ֡
ͷһתע⵽һԵ飬ֵ㲻飬ѸӦӯѰݿѰӣ°빦
ҵûʲôҪԭʼı֮Ǳ˵ű۾
֮ǿδԭʼţȻȻںأǿǣǼ߾磬Ϊ־Ҫ̫ˣ
а
ңĦݵ£ҪȥѰһֱԴ
Ǳûд𻰣ϢʶǱʶ÷ˡֻؾģ˽ģ⡣
˽һʱ
Ʈһԡֻ׽ѾȻһ㶣תͷǱˣߵɽȻ෴Ϣ
һϤޱȣһȣȴİ
ٿصɴ۾
ڳǱڣ֮С
ԭƽĻϢԪͺ΢΢һֹͣ˶ţɾת˫˫뵤һűС
ʱˮڣһݡ
ž
顣
ãұΪԼۣΪ磬Ըȣóű֮ͬúôһ̻
ǱţͶ뵽ڹ֮С


179 
ǴеĲ佫ôԶԿ
³ǵһǽԵӶѾϴſһߵ׷һ¿һԣ佫һա
Աߣһֱŵгûһ˹һȣڲ佫ϣ֮ȥԶȻӶµ̤缲ԭء
ݶϼ䣬תۣ˦佫һԺᡣ
ԺӸǽߣֻһԺţҲѹվڣֵŷӵĻˡ
⼸ŻۣͬǧͬĿɵӣһտ趯Ӣ
Ϊߣֻƾű£ô򶼴Ҳ⼸ӵĶ֡
Ժѱɨһ飬γӲݡ
ڣǧһľϥ۾뿪ϣͷڴ˯ƫƫɢһĽ⡣
˯˿ɲơ
ˣ
ԺŻӶˡ
һأͽӶӵһԣЦôСһӦջСɣ
ӶӵҲգϳйֵлͳ֮
ǺǣС¡аڰ֣ЦҲ֣ǣҲӦԣҪ΢鷳ЩˡҪЩˣֲǴС㳤ģ㸸Ҵһǵ˽˽顣
ⲻǻôӶҲЦ¶һɰȻ֮ɫֶղһʱ⣬ǲ佫Ƥọ́ҲһʼӲƴ֮Ҳòʧֻ֣Ǳӡ
֪ľͺãѾˣǻˣһʱʧ֣ʱͷң촦³ܺã䲻󽫷ȣԽֶԽ⣬̲סҫ˼䡣
ˡӶЦݣҡҡͷϴһаڳǱ֣֮Ҳ֪ԼǳŬǰһҪҵǱϴˢսܳ裬һ棬ҲΪܳʶ֮УѰͻƣҲҸ׵˼
ã־
ЦϴսܣøȻһ벽ζγǱֵúãүȻڹʱǰ;ڳǱ
ҡҡͷСѱĿȻײУϾΪޣĦųǣ׶༪٣ϴˢԸʵˡ
ϣǱŰɡӶ̾˿ν֮󣬸о۽˱仯òֻסӦ£Ȼⲻ佫϶ս˼ѣǱҲ޷Ӧڼϻϲ֮˵һ£¡
۳ǱСǻҪˣҪʬСҲ⣬ɼȻӦҲǮ¶ԻƯƯģ
ϵһԴԭǶǧﲻ֪ʲôʱ۾˻ݵϣȴƺƵĴ˹
м״̹
ˣЩα޲ϷϻҪϹϾǧ۰ֺվ
ˣطҲһˣûˡǧ˵ţȻüͷһԵƫˣЩûаôƿǲҪˣԷֹչ˲ܣ󷴶
Ļ£ƫŴ򿪣׺ͳ˳Ҳûˡ
֮ǰһ˼β佫յĽȴ״ȫûͳĿ죬Ҳ⡣
˹ӰļʱЦǼ˲ڲΪǷ̥۷壬䲻ףϻ֮£Ȳʤȯ
塢ֵܣų̫ΣգΪ̫ͣ·ΣգҲ֪ڣȥɡ
׺ͳɫԽѿ֮ʣӶȻڵƺȰ˵ȴ׺ͳɫ
ĴΣǵȻԻӶҺʦǰڣҶ֮ǰǲ佫ʱ򣬾ݺǳ¸һȫûھȻ˵ûʣ
аޣҲ֪޿κΣ˴ǰǳ¸ֻˣǻӶ鱻ͨˣǾǴ²ˡ
ʱӶߵļҲۿ
ǰҿǻǻȥɡ
ƤĸǣǱͨ籨Űɡ
ܣ˵ǳǱ֮ǰΪʵôܹܺķѪķǷ

ţǱ䣿
˵ģҲ⣬Ƕǧʱһ˹һҪڽ͡
ڴʱ䶸
¡
һһģǻһ㣬ñң
һӴȻݶĽУһ˦з飬Ұޣ
ǲ佫ǧȥסˡ
ʲô

ڳǣй
Ǳ۾˫Уɫͺɫֹһš


180 Ϊ
ɫİɣ·ĲʺͨβͬƣһԴ
ָ£Ǳǰɫ۴
Ӳ˳ȥ˳ǳУȴԼͣǱ˾ָش£Ȼδֺ
û·ģ·ɽѩ˿֯͵ģĪ˵ǡ١

Ļû˵̶꣬˺𣬳ǱѿһСӣϣ΢΢ָ͡ͷҲָԭ
ôģǾ棬գ۾ȻǺǿֱƲ佫ǡ
õֻؾϲô
Ǳ˿ԼĴָʳָŲ˺ۼȻ㣬õͬʱֳԵԴľԷѪľ໥ϣʹָֻҲܱԿʯѱ
ƮƮ¡ҵİѳǱϸһȦŵͷţѾֻؾˣ˵󻰣ֻҲδ̫ˣұΪҲҪģ˭ֻ֪˼ʱ
Ȼɫһ䣬һȭϣˣʧڵԵʣĪΪ̫ã˱仯αŻʧݣߣΪС˼
ǱҲЬ඼ãȥ
ʱĵУڷű仯һ˿˿֮Ʈɢ복ģ֮ǰͬůͺϢд任űõģʵȻѾǸȹ̡
ǼƷĹЧһ֮֮˰껹ҪЧټϳǱģݣĦڵ飬°빦
ʵѧڹѾ׼ʱζʼŴͨ
ͨΪģҪһ·˾ζֲǰγһ
ͨɨеʣڱͨ裻ǰеĲͬĹȥپϵѨ
ͬٵѨҲͲͬչ¶Чǧ
ЩϢǳǱֻؾϵ֪ģⲿֻڹ䣬Ҳʶ󳤼ʶһʲô˵ס
ҪһҪɳı֮ܿٳζﵽһ㡣סֻؾڴͨζͬʱζǿѪҪĸûӴĻۣ޷ɣ
Ǳ߻ţ˵Ũҵһ룬ں̵ܶʱھͿԻ㹻ζ
Ҳע⵽⣬ֹͣ˳˼Ʈ˹ȥ˵ɹ㣬ǰתʶʱ;Ҿ̻ҷˣԱ뾡ҵԴ˵Щ˲Ĵϣһ˿ĸµĺ㹻Ļ룿
ġǱ۾һԴڿ￿ңҲﻹһˣ㹻Ļ
ô֪лԴڿԴ
ܸоȻֱģǾ벻Զλߣ֪ͨڳǵ·Ǳ֣Լֻص飬²˳٣ȥӭλ͡
δôóȻȥӦȷһƻˣкܶߵūģȴֵúء
ƻʲôƻٺã򲻹ҪܣǴùƻȥͽʱ䡣Ǳ˵ѾǰС
Σֻܸȥ
˴ŹܿĴ
߹һʱǽϺȻһһ
תͷȥһҸΪĸ󻭵Ĳͼ죡ȥϣĻУʶɢһָʹζ
ǱҲ£˹ȥС£ûмƽϵıҪ
չɨһۣȻסˡ
֮ˣŰɫȹֽӣͷñɴ棬Ůһش񣬵ϲ

һɺ˳ûִ˹
Ůӵģ
Ůӵװ磬óǱһӰ˵żһģһ
ǸӰԳǱŴҲԷѲǵˡ
ûŮӣûжԷ͸¶ǧ֣ǱķɽצˣʬѺ
ĸʲôɵģǴ֮ˣǱʵȻΪ˱Ǳ飬Ҫ֪ǼǰĦĻ
ţô֪ĸĦˣȻδɣĸǼˣɽҸɽΪ˾ĸ󡣡

ǱĬ֣Ȼ󽫻Ѻãȥ뿪˴
һ̤֮üͷ
ôͻȻôЩ佫ͲĳȥԶĽֵϣûǵӰ


181 ĳ佫վ
ǱʱڳȻǰ㣬ͷβҡεĻˣÿϼҲһ
ϵģһ㻹ͨĻˣǸߵȼĲ佫ĳսˡ
һ·Щ佫ĳۼ⣬Ҳʮˡ
ǴʱǱй߳Ŀȥȴûпκ佫ĳӰտյģᵽһ˿ͬѰζ
̫ˣҲ̫յˣԳǱʱĿңȥһֱٶڳǳűϣܿúҲκӰټ
³ڳػ治٣龰ЩǰҰȻƣٶԾһĪЩ˵ıҲиָӹ٣
Ǳ۾˼ţƺǱĳɱ⣬һؽ
µЩ鷳ˣû뵽ͻȻ֮䣬Щĳ뿪ôףһҲӰ쵽һܺٶˣѵҪȥɻ
ţתͷȥߵйҪڳǣԴڤڤӦǸԼ
һԵҲüͷһɻ˵ȥҲǣһת˹űԵһݴԣһ£Ʈ˹ȥ
ݴԱߣСָ֣ͷҶƬϣ۾
ֲݣȥɫҰīɫǳǱܴиоŨŨϢ
ݰɡ
Ǳᵽֲ˷ʱҲ˱鲼ڵһƬƬݴԡ
ݣΨһ˱صĳдֲ
˳ݵĸϵѰҵų֮ĵطͬڲ佫Ӷ˵Ѫ̺ĳġ
ɴֻؾķţеֱӰҲܹ뵤׳
ʱһָմݣĿ˼üͷ΢壬ڸӦʲôǱҲвһ˿ڲͬ
СֻؾȻߵĹ·ϾͬԴұϢҲɱ䣬Ӧڵ仯
УǱ˫ʱΧ˲Ŵ󣬸
ţֵķΧСǴ֮ϡ
ü
Ǳһ˿֮ɫ
ϾȻûκ죬һ㣬ѵǹ֮Ҳԣ֮ǰ˵糣ˣ
ɻÿǱ׽ڵľܲ£ȴҲһ˿Ϣ
һߣд˿˿ϸ΢춯ͬ˳Ǳע⡣
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187 һʮ
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188 뵤
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һĹת໥ײƣʱԶ룬޺ѸٿŭδɢϢԽŨҡ
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⡰һ·ǰУϸˮĪǣţֱ嵤

桱žڵﵤҲͣ٣ֱӾ˽ȥ
뵤
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һ̣ǱоԼ˺ȼ


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191 һնףس
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µ߲ѣֱ׹ȥᡣ
Щ˱˴˼ػ֣ҼȻǰ⸽ʱӦǰȫģᱻţأ
Ǳţڵϣֱϥ۾
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۹ͣµëȫſϢбӿܵΰᶯƶȥ
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192 
ڣ鲼Ǳ˾Ǳȫסһ㡣
Żˣ
Ʈ龰һ񿴹ȥ˿ԭǻ棬ͣĴӳǱëڶˮŤӰԶԶȥŻˡ
ڣǻ֮ڳɨеĻ۹ڳζ
̾һĸʵظСҲǺͿˣǱΪΪôȼ
䣬ϸ˳Ǳһ
֮ǰļսǱķ˿ңֻϵ¿ЬȴûжԲԵǱɢһɲº֮ʱ۾ϥҲԵӢ䲻
ָ֪оǵ۸֪ΪǱ֮ǰһսУġ塢ںŷϵɢԼо
ôһ˻ͦģĸɽĵӣ֮ǰֶ̫ңһˣܲˣĸ̳ܽĵӣ
뵽һת뵽һ¡
ҲԣղŽ֣˵³çʵҲ·ϵնɱ˾޺УҲսȥûһ˿ԥѵõǣҶ˸ߵū֮ػ֣ȴǵãֱһˣȷذΣͣأ˼Ҳܣ֮ǰ³çͬ
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ֳǱ΢΢ڼ;ʹʱģ
鵱ζĦֱ־ѹʹݶ
ˣʼһ̣ͻʹȴңҲ˳ζЩûĦȲεǿѹ󣬿ν̬ٳ벻ǰĳǱ㲻ɫ
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ʶڣʶʽʱһ߻𣬾ͻᣬֱӱϣʹʵӦʼʱ۵شһʹȥǱͻϰȻٴε¡
û˴书ûָʽһЩʶֻ֪ǿ˫ۿһס漰תƷģ˴ݷһϰһδεĵ
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ҹݣӲиǳǱ
ɨʹǱҲס֮ǰְܶܵУ
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ĸеһڱϻÿһС㣬һҵĴʹ
˾
һ֮
۶ٻβǿԹߵ࣬ܵάеѪѡ

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Űҡ
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ѳ˿˿УɢڣǿųǱǣԽӽĳޡ
ɶ
һ棬ڳǱĵڣЩ㱻ĥɢĺָ
ȥҲûйЩˣǱղһһĳһöӣһգֱɢȴ뵤һ
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ǱųڱģǣӴĻֻؾţҪֳôһȥǿǣµҲȫͨ
ʱһ̩ͨǣҪ˵ڵıƽˣϵᱻơ
Ҫ취άƽ⣡Ǳüͷ


193 ȻжڳǱ
ʱҴңתա
ٶĦųǵȺҲмˣδ֡
Ҳ˵Ǳǰڳһնɱһ˽ʮ佫ĳҲɱ¾ͷ
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һҡͷʱеʦľȲôЩľʦֶΣҲԻ죿
Ҳ꣬ģǱɫңǶѪ
ǧ̾˿ͳصֻǻ𾢵Ҳˣƫƫﻹ總֮ңԸҲӣʦֵų׿
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С죡һԵ׺ȻѾˡ
ԶǧɫѾ
ܣǳǱ
첻ǱãһᣬǶǧֱһ˦ӣһȺͳǱСǣһ𣬱ˣҲǾȡڷֱ׳ָͽĲǣǿͳϣϷھͽ˻ɱ
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˶һ㶣ŸԽ䱸ѭȥ
Ŀһ׳ӡ

кͶǧͬʱӵ֡
γϣþòˡûУǳŶǧﱧȭ
Ȼ㣬˵˼̵ֽɮһ˽żԭ㣡ǧۺӣ˵ҪҳȥǱĪСţ
γϣЩͲˣֻ轫˽ҼɡһЦָס졣
ǧɫһ䣬𻰣䲻ԶڣͻȻһӣ
ڳͬʱɫ䡣
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194 ̫
ɮôͻȻҺͶǧ벽죬ҶƷԶһȻĶ֣ҿģ
ҴҶУϵģҲЩǱȼٽţӹֵʱͷηʲô
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ղԶʱĸоһ˵ζ
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Ҫ֪ȻΪֻǰ벽죬δСѭȫʩչҲһ쾳һ㡣
š
ͻȻ
ǰһҵ죬ӻ˫ۼ
ū
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ۣ
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ͷ£ǰһһķۼ߹һ
ڹ⣬ʽȴй֮
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ղŵٶȣӦ׷˰ɣΪεڶӰ
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ͷȥĿȴһĨ⣡
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³ͻȻ̳ͬʱһָָͷٱ䶯ѪɫȥΪҰ֮ɫ͸ɫ顣
ָ̧𣬵ǰ
ָ

һƷ졣
׻ǶһֻǸָȴһն䡣
÷ĵ
ָն䣬ȸпȴնָ֮ķŲʶѾѪעôҲǰ벽ĸ֣֪ս֮ʱֻҪԴûͲܷɾ衣

̳ǽںȻһ죬ǽǱһ̤
øƶ˵Сӣֻƣ޿ɵǰҲô
ۿǱòͳʳָһնϣҲԣһһӣܵĿپۼ
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Цţ˫͵ǰһƣֱ˳ȥ
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Ȥ׹
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ȣ
һϢӳǱ


195 ֱ󱬣
ǱֱΪʣͱڣ£ǺɫȴͻȻһĨɫ

Ĩɫĳ֣ǱʱڣֻеһϢ
ôܣתıֻ֣ƷǱȻҲƷ֮ǰ
ھȣǱǴȵ֣Ѿһצ棡
书Ѫ׳мޣɻѪ֮ܵػҪѪˣֻֿᱻըƴѣ
ǣɢǣܿѹ԰ܵУԲˬƶǣ֮£ѹԷתֱϣһɱС
ΪͿɣʣ̾˵ıһǱͻǿ
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һӽܱߵĿȫƿų⣬γգֲ޴һһһأɵƻȴΪˡ
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Ǳ۾һУеȴȻ½Ĳһ糤ˮ㣬ڵĻȥ
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飡
ը̶
Ǳ֣ȻǴ˼֣Ȼָ䣬ݺһ󣬽ס

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Ǳķ޶󸡶졣
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ǱûǣһӣֱԴ˹ȥ

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⻰УȴһǵطܲңҴȥ䣬ȴųǱķӦϵɰܡ
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⻰ֻеңԼκ̣ڶԷǰ񶼱úô
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⵽ʲôţԲڹķ⾢ǷȴһЩǱܵĹҪЧңӻûʲôá


196 еǻ
ķţʲô֮ǰڶս޺ʱǽȲͣһʮɣʵδʩչṦɣӦҲǿš
Ǳټʱ黹˼⣬̲סѯʳ
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СӴѧ෱࣬ʶֻǿǱʩչΣܴ·幦ԡ
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ǲˣֻǣĦųΣķһʵڷĲ°ֻ㡭׻Ե
ʦģһѣûʲôң֮ǰĿп֪ܻţһΪǱģ˵ţ¶һĨԹ֮ɫ
֮ǰʱײǹҪĿ꣬ǿǶǧΣ֮ʱ׵˵ƣ
ˣ찵ġ
ʱһʱ˵˹
óǱǱ𣿱ˣһ
תͷȥ۾һ˿˿ɱлš
߹ˣһӣΪŻأҲ˻𾢣˶ˣҲɫ԰ףڰɢ١
ʦιΪľץǱСҲͰˣĸ޻أ
ζǧǰܵż˵Ϊ£ɣΪҲкܴ󲿷ԭΪɶԳǱѾŭ
Ǳһɱ˶ɵӣƱϣ˰ϢɽϣȻ󲨡
Ŷһŭ֮£Ҫһ鵽ףǱ
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Ǳμӹʽķò˵ڵսʤļӣ˵ţȴ̭
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һزƣȨʦţƴλЧ£ݲ˶ԼΥµĹأҪۿ۵ϸִС
ǧ˱ѵ⣬ǱҪץġ
ǱͿ֮䣬ǳԹԹۿǽⲻˣǾֻ˽ᡣ
ɣƽϪ͢ٴοĺЭȻ׼ˣôҲͲٹǣֱ˹ˡ
ӵ˱ǶǧĵĪ·ȴǰɽûи
ǧһ棬εż֮С
ʵϣ˾٣Ҳδû˧˼
Ǳĸ׳壬СүҶץסʵҪϣ֣ǱԶ֮ƽϢȥģǳధ󡢳ǡɷĻǳͷ͵Ҷݵϡ
֮󣬴Ϫ򱱷ԭѣϷʱص޸أʱϾˡ
֮µӰԽԽС㿪ʼշ书ͣҲһֻ۱һֻۣھһڰ׾մûе㱳ôԵÿóã
ֻ񣬴ϪֽȣҲݱƵ¶ɽ֮ۿҪƣļұǰ䣬⣬ҪԳ¼Ϊͻƿڣնһۣ޿֣Ҫ̲¼ھ֡
࿴Ʋ׼δɣֻụ̈й£ɣ֮һ
Ϊˣˣϧ
ԣͳУԶǧʱҲҪ̬á
ģŻͨӣҲʢһϵټϻ𾢲Σѽ񲣬ʱһﲻ˼ʱɫһ
ĩˣò룬ֵǺͳǱųǣҲ꣬Ҫó¼ҽСĸĸɽ֭ܳͣ񣡡
Ļ䣬Զʹһ󵭵
ŶǾȻҸĸˣеǻˣǸôǾͲҪҽˡ
Сƫƫÿ˶ڶ˵еһ˿ɱ⣡


197 ڲ
ģһ۵ӣδɢһִһˡ
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ɫһ䣬ϳݣǴĿ֮һĳǱ
ֻǣȴûΪͿɽ׵ĳˣǳ
ԭڳǱϸеһɲͬѰϢȻѹţǿңϢԳƿصı֡
ǡɫһշʲô
ܹӰ˸й١־罣߽⣬ɱɱȡ
֮˵Ȼ翣ȴʵڣ󲿷ѪʱֻܷܲųֻһЩʾˡ˸ߵȹˣѪΪȥ
˵Ҫ߽쾳ѭѨϵԽܣܽġ塢Ķ̬סĹĶԽʾķʽֱӰ˵ʶ
һڱϵ
ԣѪ쾳ܹ֮ˣС
֮ǰǱɢҲʧɫ
£г˾ڴ֮⣬ǱǱٶ𺳵ˡ
ǱʱԷڣûۣԼѹ£ȴη壻
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μ棬ȻǱΪɵƾһľˣҪ֪Ȼǿšǽ˹֮ʦźȻԺȻĹЧ
μ棬췭ظǱôʲôΪ벽ζߡ
ͬǱΪģжǧ
Ҳ˳ǱϵΪ֪ݣԾȲֻǾôЩ죬һʱȴ벻
Ҳѹ֣ǧʽռǱʱ˶࣬ǳǱʤǿķ̷һ˿ӡ󣬿ϤжǷ
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֣λǴҪҵˣǱ
оȣһʱʧ񣬵ûüԽܣǻӶЦһǱݹ֮ڡ
ͶŻص粻ߣйֲУ˲δǱϵûкͶǧǰء
ԭǳǱĻţ
ǧһ㶣عͷٿǱʱоȫһˡ
Ǳʱһᵶһץˣϵǹӱ뺷ϢŨܺͶǧϵĵȻϢ࿹⣬й֮
ע⵽һǧﶼЩ˼ˡ
ǱʽʱǸ̥Ϣķô꣬ȻƣôģѵĴһ񣿡
Ǳͨɹ涨Ҫڶǧµģӳɾ͸ߣʦĵȻҲˮǴߡ
Щѳ룬ǱͿ֮˴Խ⿪ǧиһ˿ںת۱ɭȻɱ
гھ󣬽ˣҾ˽⣬¶ر䣬ôܰ
ʦȻ˱ǳǱǲھͰɱˣҪץصڣҪ෱̣ɱˣȻʬУЩ˽ֶʳ֮񲻿գ
Żؿзţ֪Լ˻𾢣޿ɾȣͻȥˣηˣֻܶһԼȥ
䣬ŻһתͷŵزףĿ¶׹⡣
ͽɱԳǱж֮ˣóǱСܣǰĶĥһ仰δ˵꣬Żؾ;ٽ
ǧﲢδֹһ˫۾ųǱӰɱʢŻصĻг

ʧ
ţ
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ǱӰʧԭأֻڶǧҰһӰۣǼƶͻ˶̬Ӿ׽ı֡
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һشڸֽϣŻгĽɻ⡰ꡱһԼļͷϡ
Żزҽͷ󵹣ûأǱһӣ˦ڶŻϣһ£Ʒɿȥֱɿ⣬ֽų鴤ӹϺס
һ֮˹
Ӷ״ɴ۾ǱͿɵĻӲıɤ
ŵҩ֮벽ζΪǱ٣οǱȻһèϷӵ˼ǱͶŻȻԼǿƳ֣һѹԷ
ڿǱץһˣ˲Ϣ̣ԼӰӶ׽ٻףԷѾһɨ˶ŻأӶǵ˼ʱ飬вʡ
ΪʲôΪʲôøøӳǱսʤ֮һȻ£ΪһԼԶԶ磿
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ԶǧۼŻرһӳɣʱŭŻͽܣôһ̵ʦζҪͷġ
Ǳȴֻŵصס
ʱҲعܣˣҲˣҺʦһֻ𾢣Ϳգˡ
䣬ͷ۶ǧСǸͷǿɵĳϣι鷳ģΪѴ벽죬ҪСģʵڲУߣʵ㹻١
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δ˵꣬ǧ߾ʹ˹
ܣܵ𣿼ȻˣǾͱˣ˵ţųǱٴС
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׶ʱеɢڸŰɸĻ𾢣ǱǣţͶְľۼ˳Ǳ֮У
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ʦǣһԵĳ״ٿһͷĪǣڵĻˣ
˵ţŤͷȵؿųǱ
ǱҲ˵һ̧ڳϣһ㣬ڵĻҲ˳
е³桢ʧеľȼֱñīݣڲ޲ߵĻ𾢣ȻͱԼõܣ赭дĸˡ
ʱѾվһĻ֮˱޶ۣҲ֪Եɡ
ǱȻƻ𾢰ˣһоȣҿԲ
Żؼ״һȼϣȴǻںޣ֣ſڴǱ´Ⱦҡ
ԽԽͣܿͼžˡ
֮ǰǱһӣ£ȻûǽŻ˳ɣڵϣϮӱһ̾อλƢѣִ䣬ϲͻں޽֯ĻڣĶĥѪ壬ȣʹȥ
ϵıŤ
ԶֹҲ˻𾢣Ϊ޾ȣڿ׺ͳģĸ֪ǱܹƣǼ֮ǰס죬ֺ˳¸ˣôһǱοϾȣ
һʱ䣬ĸڲ
𣡣
ʱһԶȥңԶ
Ǳ۾һ˿Ϥζ


198 ը

ڳһյýǧҲһ䣬ٴС
ܣǹˣҵطһ£Ȼ㲻𾢣Ǹﲻһֿܹ˵ġ
Ǻ־֮ɫȻ˸Ļ𾢣Դ׷ɱõǸ㷡
⻰һ˵һֱͷءֱۡ˫ȵһ
ֽŹؽڶǱ飬ʧȥжֳֹһǷϡɥģΪľǽͳǱĽģһٳɱʣ
¾ˣҲܱǱҲҪһͬȻʵ㣬ȲǱɮֺ׶༪٣սҲ˽ҵԸΪһ仰ˣҲĿ
һˣȻһ

ܶʱӿ۶ɳʯǣ뽫Χһж븹һ
ڣеӿζпٱڣǣȫǣ˻Х֮

ͨı֣Ҫζ۷巽УǴ磬ǰһͨ໥ǰлǰ벽죡
ȻǱ˹ؽڣ޷Уת
磬ת˲۷ݣȻ̧ͷŶĶǧһ󺰣϶ҪСģǱ
ͬͭģ
̲סô
ǱԴ˺⣬۾գҲգһ
еĻﻹû˵Դͱȥ
䣡
ǱϾ
ʱеԼϡꡱһƬʶһƬڰ
Ǳãƴһû˵Ŀ
һͷҲںڰС

Դײڵϣأءһըѿ
ըѣȿأװ׵ķɽ
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Ĵ󺰣ͳǱֱӽ֮ҵԽѣΧ˶סˣɲĿм֮ʱϳ˶Էɫ䡣
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ţ
Ǳǧͬʱף¶֮ɫĿˢˢһȫеСϡ
ǣϾȻɢ֮ǰţǵûʲôǴʱУ˵Ϣȫʧӹһ˿ϢԵøעˡ
ǱһֽӼֱƺĳֽ
СԶǧһȣŲһҪͣס
м̲סҪΪУ⻰һڣŻղŴ֮˵ݡ

Ǳһˣе˵עĳǱȥˣټ˷ƣǵͷأһʱ侹ûϳ˱ȥõ
ڹϮʱ򣬶룬ǰ󲻹һʱ䣬ôת۾ͱǱŹˣղž֫ϣڸתǰƴСĳǱĪ˵ǱѾǿҺİ벽죬޷ֵĳ̶ˣ
ǧ粻ԳǱԽɵԶǺԽԽʼꡣ
УܱܿѹһūͣȻܰ벽죬Ʒԭھ´οֻʣ꣬ƣҾͿԲڶһԽȥ
뵽⣬¶˾ģ׼ȥǿƶǳǱȻһת۾ţй⻪˸͸ǣ˶ǧҪֵͷ
Ǳôһǧﷴͣ²ӣӳǱϲһΣĸоƽ£ǱŵһʱᱬĻɽ
ֱһ̣ףԼܳǽӣѾԼվͬһˮƽϡ
ܣҪʱˣǾ뿪Ǹﲻη֪ƣ룬Դ̫⣬ڵһαʱ򣬾ȫûˡ
ӳǱͻȻһ˵ľлָʱȰ˵Ҳϰɱ¾
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⾹һ˵Ĺ
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ǱͷԭˣЩƫܹҪʶһС֮ǰȽȶؽˣԷֹͱǱ˵ţĿһתڶǧϡ
˭֪ԶȻһ䣬ѸٱԶ
ǹȻͻȻ٣˹
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ԣҪڹϮĵһʱ䣬ȥһȡռʱ䡣
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ĻڳǱ֮ǰӰΣһֱƮڳǱߡ
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ʦͶô죿Ǽ˿ɶ⡣
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£һ㣬εתԶȥ
ųǱԶȥıӰ׹ȻǣеҲ¶ȻӶ¶Ц
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ڶǧǿɫƵӰĿһת䵽ϡ
Ϊ൱ʽҲ£ֻһ㲻ʱ䣬ͱǱƷǰҪԤ첻ɼǳǱΪӦòͣЩֶΡ
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ԶһӰٻطȥĳǱ˦΢΢Ǵָ
ҵģ
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УǱͣ½Ų


199 ѹ
ǰ߳ߣ㣬ֻڼȴ˿˿ƵĲα˺µģһֻϻһ飬мȻ
ͷͷϳ磬ߣҲ֫Ǳı˿ûβ͡
ȥ糣һ㣬֮һһĳƺڣ˵֫ȻСһ
볣˲𣬵ȴ˶ޱȣұ۱ҪȦ࣬ҲǣȳҪ˵ȱȻϽߣ
ôһվǰҲֻùֲˡ
ֻǳǱһ˿˼ɫ
ʶҲ֡
ͻϮļֽˣ
䲼٤ޡ
Ǳ֪֣ʶˣֽԷһ˫Ÿնˣ
뵽⣬Ǳͷ򡰹˫ţĿֻСͬͽŲ޷ӵľ޴š
ƣɨ۶ԷЭۺȡ
ƴӡ첹ĺۼ첲Ȳ˱ģǴطֲģֻǲ֪ԼģǱŪ
ǳǱɨĶʱǹѾվվȣҲֻ
һԵĶǧɫص֪Сʲô˼ﶪĪҪڳ֮ȫﲻ嵶ˣҲȬ֮ǰ֣Ǿ뿪
ҲǱ³çˣ˵ҵȲ壬ǻԱڴˡ
Ļû˵꣬Ǳͽһţǰϵĳ򡰹նȥ
ȫҵģ
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ţٶȲ
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ǹ˲䱬ǳˣһµŵֱܳȥ;ȻرԶ˸֪Ĳ׽Ǳεܿλã˶Էĳٶȡ
Ǳǲ֪ߵغ񣡡
ǧǹѾ뿪ԭأɵЦҲ֣һֵӡ
çһѹָսҿɣϷǰնɱһӣֻȴ֪￴ȥأ;ܵʱҲޣڶ̾ıϣȴǳˣһƶһСģҪšţ壡
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ֻȻȥʶ壬սʶȴ羫һ㣬Ϣ֮䶯ȴڣ¶Ĳԡ
ҲӲ˵ˣļƶǿƶǵƾǵɣŻΡ
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ţ
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Էʲôڷȥ

֮ǳпвϴҪֻصѪųȥ
⡭Īǻ
ǱһʣܿջΪХԭųǱ裬Ȼһұۣƹ
ֱۼƸǾ޴һǱɢͷ˲䱻Ʈ
üһһֱۣǵĸ佫ģҲ֪ôõô˳
ǱƳϮһۣҲ̧֣еӿһӣӭȥ
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ֻ졢ףл𾢵ΪǣӶǧǳЦǱĲ
ıˣʹ֮ǰ˱УֱӾͱɣصʱ򣬻ĹͷˣǱȻͶԷӲ۱Ҫˣˡ
Ӷز²š
еĶ⣬ǧֱӶˣһ缲׺ͳ˹ȥ
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ڶǧɾתһɲǣǱȭҲ͹ײһ
ȻһȴΧһƬȻ
Ǳĺ͹ײһȭƾȻԵ
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˽ԾǳǱüͷ
ҸղһȭĶƴȫҲֻǰһ
תͷͬʱﺿһٴλȴճȭͷ
ȭХԭʼҰҲֱӵ

ҲգȻˣǾֱӱȾɣѹˣʡƵģˬ죡ٵȥǿ϶ıҪóˣ
һˣǱٴξۣһΣٿһѸͣ͵ػӶȥ
ǣǣǣ
ǱƲͣת۳˾̳ȭͷ͹ٴײһ
˵ȭͷԴ䶯ƿպХҰֱӵķʽײһ
꣡
ȭȭײ졣
꣡꣡꣡
ţӹұдţұͻȻءһըѿ
ѪҺɢ
Ǳһתȫ۵ұ֮ۡϣҲ֮ת͵һ
꣡
ȫһ˹ڵǹųϢնȥ

ѪӿϣҺһ̧ǱȥǱĮȻֵҲȻȻ˳һն
ϣ
лǶԵëȻ޲Ȼ
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ǧһĻзһ˿֮Уٵ飬һת׶ˡ


200 ͷ
أ
ըѣ
꣡
䣡
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߳Ҳϣ
׷ĹȻת۾ͱǱ֫ʱֲʵĸоԼǲۻˡ
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£ԳǱȻ޷֮
ǱʦֶֶΡ
ڸп䲻ĲԶһ죬ѭȥʱʧɫֻǿɳϡ벽ΪĶǧ̤תۼ
Թ־ܣ㲻
ǧתͷ˹Ȼ˵Ϊץڲߣֵ
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ˣ
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Ϯȥץ׵ĶǧһΣյĸо׿
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䣡
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ǧתͷȥͫ׽
ǼģȻһֱֻۣ
ֱ˶ײʯϣǿҵײýƤĤɢһء
ǡǹֱۣ
ֻһۣǧͷֱֱ۵ĪһŤͷǱ͹ｻս֮ȥ
ǹȻأ֫ɷ룬˹ֱۺʹУ˿˿ƵĺɫϢƮƮɢɢģųǱŵĳۡ
ǱѾ˹һһ߹Ʈֳצץһ˿˿̵ĺɫľɢϣ治ʱɫ
һһ̤Ѫ
ǹѪ
ܣСӶ纮ųǱӰĶҴ
Ҳѹ֣ȫ̿˳ǱڼϢʱ͹ȭۡʬһĹﳹ׻ܣƥ
սǵ
ƣѪܹģǱѾ쾳ˣʮ겻쾳ߣãұȰүٽǱӣ룡
ųǱеӰͷ˲佫ǱߵԽԼĵز뵽һֱԴǱһҵķʽд󼱣һֽҪͷĸо
ߴӻ˹ĹɨǹȻδŤڣֻһɺӽŸֱͷ·𿴵δԼ
ζ۷ˣ͸Ҫ˵ˣ̬֣̿ӶɫҰ
ڶǧ˾֮⡣
ǹĿ̣ˣܵ˺ָ֫зϣҲԶԭνڲ֮ء
£޷Ķ֡ڳǱϲϢʱ䣬شʬ
ʱ̣֮Խʮɾ룬ץһڲߵģ
ãһ֣Ѿ¶ĿģǱĺȻŹң뽫ץסʣͶҲлᣡ
ۿǱԽԽǧԹϱѵĻ棬һĸо
ڵﻹ˵ʲôֻܹץסʣӳǱצӳһ۵ĳǱкǱһֲħȹﻹ
죡죡죡
мУǧһţ״ͻף
ɣǲóṦⱼϮɱĶʹıʱ־壬ĻǱܣһ̤ȥ֮£ٶȶ֡
׺ͳн䱸룬Ϊ̫Լʮֶǧһôӵõ
ת۾ͱǧ׷ϣһ䣬Ҫץ
ģǧһ٣ץȥô䲻ȥˣٵ̤˫Ŷסºëէ
Σգ
о׳ױǧתͷһ̲ס
ԭԼʮԶĳǱ̤һһ̤ȥ˾˲Խʮɣ˹سɴһ㡣
ǳǱ̤ص˲䣬͵ͣһģʮֺץһľȫŵء
ڶǧ￴ǳǱһգ۾͵ǰֱ֣Ӿ
ôô죡ⲻ̤ͨѵҲṦ
ǧľȺɻֱ罭಻ֻоšȴ֪ǳǱȫͣһʮɶǵУֺοʮɣ
ɻɻ󣬶ǧﻹûԼΣУڷ꣬ǸոսʬˣһСģҪˡ
סһˣץססܶɹǰѹأ
Ǿþ˵һ콣ޱȣͨ˶֣λƷ
Ǳһ̤ƾģȴûжóǧ;öԷӦԼֻҪӦԵõܹŤתս֣
Сֿ߽ɲ˭Ϊߣ˭Ӯģ
дһǧֳ֣̽һһжڶͬʱʩչ˳
꣡꣡꣡
ֱУѪڣӿһʹʮɹ
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ǧʩչĶڶȡǷ֮⣬еʱָϼָչӲһץȥƶǡ
ΣָײڳǱϣꡱһȫָۣҲѹѣں棬ҲײĽǴϡ
̣̣̣
һ׹Ǵ̳Ƥ⣬ǧ϶ʱѪעֱ۱ǱǴƳѹϣһʱ
ôᣡôᣡҡ
ʹʽƵľϮͷǧ۱һĵȻɴ۾ؿųǱƸԼԴϣ
䣡
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ϮǱһۣϵĴм͸ȥʱϾٴ
һ
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ѪƤȻͷ͵Ϣ
Ǳջ֣ԭƵһ˿˿ҲʧЩնϹ֫ʱȴע˶ǧڡ
ܼžš
˿ǱĿУ˿־֮⣬׺ͳҲ⡣
Ǳתӣп˹ȥʱһ飬æȭ񣬿еֶģγǷɱУڹ֮֡
ͬʱ
ڳ룬һžɺƴĹȻһЦ
Ȥ׽
ͻأ


201 壡
мǱԼϣëʱը𣬺Ǳβ͵èսսȭ˵ƺˡֶг˶ԳǱľη
⾴ηɲΪǱȨƣǱһھֺʲôȨƣ
ҲΪǱʲô֮սʤ˶ˣʲôͣ鲻С֮ƴ
⾴ηǳǱһȭһȭӲдġ
ӳǱ֣һ˦ĶŻأһҵİ벽ԽѣղŸǽ׷ɱǼա˶޲ߵĹһȭ˹
£ͬǰ벽ΪģսǿĶǧΪĴҪץס죬ʱǱһʮɣֱһưԴǻ棡
ǰ󲻹һٷĹ򣬳ǱɱˣһһΪߣһһòң
ʱ򣬳Ǳһǹ׺֮ʱͳ꣬˴ȣҲòƣͷüûһ㷴˼ȫǱ˱Լһ
ļҲһȭûһԭ֮ɫʹɲʵĻӶҲƱǿ˸߰ͷ­
Щ˳׵ıסˡ
һԵ׺ͳҲӾлָֻڿǱʱҲžɺ;ηڿֵܡ
Ǳղŵĳ֣˳ԵʱģһǰƣΪƣй֮
Ǳһ̤Ʊжǧľ׺ͳ죬ǶԳǱһ£ֲݵƼ̣ܸܵӴƴľѹȣ䲻ԼĶ壡
˵ôţǱҲ˵һָĪĸо
ʵϣȴڻеĴƽеˣͬʱڵڵȶԿ
׺ţƥƽʱʹʱڵûʲôʱһҪ˽ѪܣºҪһ
⼸գץ佫Ѫ޲尵ģȻ޷ƶʮޣѪ塣
عǾ޺֮ǰ׺ŻûʵսǴνǵһ飬ʱϢӿƿأֱ˺֮ˣͨѪġ
һ֮ڶͽǣֱ۳˲ٵĸɣİȻҲ
ղſƺ׵ؾսʤ˹һ˲ɱ˰벽ĶǧʵҲ˲ٵĹ
һζȭֱըѣǱҲоᣬΪǧ춯ǱòսپٴתϺţһ޹ǡ
ֻصǹȽֶԲ佫ƴգһն֮»ᱻѪָ׿ƣǱҪսʤǹ»Ҫٹ
һҲʧ˲ۣڵĻͺ˶Կļ
֫ڸӿ֮£Ǳûʱȥ𵴡ĥ𣬾ȻɱǧԿ֮ʱǣͬóֻؾеһƵС
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ల£ȴΪ໥̫֮һһأͻҪս״ͱ㹻ĺ
Ǳ̽鰵ˡƽϢڵĺȳͻĿ糣еˡ
бǱţʵֵţүүɱϡӵֽȥүͬ⡣ƴг͢ΣͬǰżҲҸΪľһὫֶȳȥֻڿǶһˡ
ʦӺȻԺϹְ꣬ԹٳϵӦѼ죬˵ѻҲģ
ߣ
Цһȴû˵ƣһ·ûе˵Ҳɥ
ǳ¼Һϲһɣ¼ɣǴϵ˴˶
Ϊԭ򵱵඼ǾңԼ˵ȨҲԽԽأЩͳ
ʧƣԲģչֶΣƽҲݣƲ֮ҴֱɣгЦ߽һЦ֮ѾմȨѵڽﱧԹ
ʵһֶʼɡ
Щ±ϾΪΣ֪ڳǱϵĳ¼ҳǣΪ¼ıСһζģЩ壬ⲻ֪һӣЩͲǳЦˣǵһʱ͸Ϲң
Ϊ¼ҵϵȻĵ֪ȷʵкԼ˼˵ƣֻǱǿޱȣȻֱܹͦʮ㣬ֱӰѲ
ǱȻͳ¸֮ͣģͳ˽ǲģСʱһ䣬ҲǱһܵӣο߻һס
׶ԳǱָ㡢֮Ǳʱ˵μģʱȻҲ᲻
˫һʱ֮ԵЩΣǿ֮λеҲҶ˵
ǱʱҲʧصƽϢתͷѯ׵״
мԼ˴ǰĿġ
ֶ֪⼸ȹģĦųǿʲô˽⣿
ҳǱ
Ǳ˶Էν˺øޣûͶȨҲµˣΪߣѹˣ壻Ϊߣпύ಻ȡ
䣬ϲŭģѵҪ߹
еʾãǱתͷףʵʦҽ˺Щ죬֪¸ھΣҸĸʦûʲô鷳
˶ӣҲʶȤǺһЦ׷ʡ
Ǳѯʵ¶ɫ
գǱںլɱ䣬һʸϵĳ¾һգߺȻǴŭ㵱Ѫ
żʯſǰɽ
ڿӪУµܻ£ʿ֣ӪǸڻ
һߣ¸ȨĴӳ²Ǭϣλ²ǬͳĴֶνȻͬǽų¸ӵϱɱֽĻᣬɱˣǽ¸֧ϵһѹ
ЩϵϾҪ˵ġ
˵²Ǭ˵ҴʦֹἫֽ̣Щνĳϣ˴Ǳüë
ܣЩᣬȥ֮һ˵һסɫЩѿĸױǳ²Ǭֻǳ²Ǭϲӳ׽
ʲô᣿ǱҡҡͷЩ϶ɱģǵĺӵָ˵ңɱңȻҲͱ˳ʦ֣޹ģӦôܹ
˵ţȻüͷһת˵ͳ죬ͷ㽫ʦͶ磬һ΢ȫĵط
ôˣͻȻԵúɻ󣬺úõģôҪתƣ⸽˼٣ѵõ
ΪҪá
Ǳ䣬˾еΧĿ¶ƺ½ࡣ


202 ݿ࣡
Уһ˿
ǿңΪĦų£ռԷգм粻ӿɸ˱֮Уе¶ȱ仯Ϊԡ
ټϳǱĻʾ̾ͷӳˣϮˡ
׵Ҳɴ࣬Ҳ˵ʲôųתߣǶΪӣﷴ׸ӰǱϽ뿪
СߣͳǱֵһͬУȡʱ䡣еǴٳƺֶǸĳֵܣѳǱŵͬԴºԻֵܣΪǽ𾢡
ô鷳Ǳڰ֣˹ȥڼļͷһ䣬ǽڵĻ𾢾ʦͶ硣
ЩմȾһ˿˦Ǳһ仰Ͳٴ⼸ˡ
Щʵرʴģвӵ䲼٤ֲ佫ֽţ䲻֪ΪܹϮÿһдеΪƣ
ЩǱûзϣԩ޳𣬲ΪԷ䲻Ļʹȥǣ֮͡
ֻǣڳǱʲôɶ˵ȴأһм㣬ȭлǻ¶ϾǱǾ֮
Ǳͷֺ˵䣬תȥ
иæȥδ߼Ǳµʯ㡰žžડѿʸ˳ȥ
м״̾˿вţҲ⣬ǰЩ¶ȷʵ̫ˣϣү취ȡ
ǲ̫ˣȻΪǱСնɱǧһɸŹǿŶһ˵ڴϪ֮ǰѾ쾳ĸˣΪǲ֪ʲôزΪһǱֵôӶӺﺬޡ
ǱѾ˳ɾǲͬģǱС룬ҵΪҪߣ㣬ܱסҪֻ࣬Ҫʮ̤ؾɾ۷壬Ǿֵõġ
˵ţŻӶĳĵԼӪĸ֣Ҳǲͬģ쾳ĳǱмֵ
˵ĺޣӶǴˣˣԷ˼˵Ǳֺܹܶ࣬ɳĺ٣ǱǳɹǱתΪʵˣǡãȱ֡
һû˵ԳǱΪһ·ƣֻҪӳ죬ÿ춼ҪԲ֪ʲôʱ򣬾ͱˡ
ڳ򸾵飬ӣڵǷףǸʦ֣Ҳ׷˵üͷֻǱΪɣʹˣ¼ǻʢʮ꣬ԺеĶ
⵹ǲõģǱЩֻҡβϻһˣƳ¼ݲġӶ˵
¼ǳƶ棬ҲǱĻزȥǳ²ǬȨǾûʲô鲻ܷˡ˵ҡҡͷˣҸط٣׺ͳ죬֮ǰżΪƣڱҲȣҪ˸顣
˵꣬ҲתѭųǱȥķ׷ȥ
ߣӶһ෴ķȥ
˼Ȼɻ
ôЩūԲˣֻиղǴϡҲͰˣôһ·ûūε˾ͻ˹ûɰӰ
ﰵмӿ˽Ųܿ㿴˳ǱӰͬʱҲע⵽˳ǱǰԶ޺
޺ɢźһβһϸ
øߴͷҲа˳ߣ׷ɱǵĹﻹҪ޴󡣡
ͣпǵûǰ󺺵ϣܵһϢһǿԤʾ˵ʵԶ
ⲻ֪Ǳʱͬоȡ
Ǿ޺£ϵϢֻ࣬òͬĪܹƹľ޺ֹһ
ڳǱľʱ򣬶ľ޺Ȼֱ̧ۣһָ
ǱоâһϵСȶȻͣ죬һš
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ʯɽУѾ嵽޺ǰгֱ޺
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Ǳͷո£Ǿ޺ǰȻըѣһɭ׹â̶ֱ
ì
Ǳһ̣¶Цһ
ûˣ
ֳһڣұڵĴٵǱֱ۾ҲҲ֮ҡΣ
ζٶȼ죡
˲ڳǱ;޺֮γһεĻ

ÿһ£˾һìϣìϣûһܹͻƵĻ޷гǱ
ϴΣǿϢڡץסһŵĻᣬһնףһΣҵҪܲܺ濹⣬սʤ֮
һǾ޺ǰìȫޣ쵽ޣͣǱ˳Ƴһ˦ٴοԷ
ۣۣۣ
ʱһϸĹӾ޺ϼķӸųǱֱ̹ϺɭɭΧеˮᣬ¶ֽ
úúãսʤ㣬ĺڵƽͻָһٵƽͻƶʮǵļޣ
Ǳ״ϲһ̧ѸȻһȭͷھ޺ϣ
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Ǳ۾ġǴ̺͹ìɵһꡣ
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ңңң
䣬һ£ûʹõУֻõϵھ޺ϡ
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ݿ࣡
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㣡
һ̣еӱǿҵ͸˾޺ƷֱǹǼһ˿˿ʵҡк
䣡
Ǳپһһɰ羫ĺУȻ˳žӿ
ͬģһʶ
٣̲סЦ¶˰ɭɭݡ


203 
һĨʶһǱڣѸչ·ǵ㣬ܣȫɢȥ
ͬʱڳµʶһɺȻѹʶ
Ⲣʶֻʶһͷ
ɣӶᣡۣ
ҵϢʶдݳˣƵһ㣬ųǱʶ
Ǳʶʯ
ƾγΡȻ
񣡷񣡷
ǻ벻˵ĺԼóǱʶް취ȻЩץ˼ֱײģǴ㽫Ǳʶ糹׳ɢ
ڳǱʶʶ΢΢һƺ׼Ӧ
䲻һɼᶨ־Ȼסʶع鰲ţ־ʶǵ˹ȥ
ɼᶨ־ǳǱʶ
ѹʶ춯ʶ˹ȥͱֱӶԿ
ǰҶ֮²˽⣬֮˵ŵ£ȴҪȱȿ˭־Ϊᶨ
Ǳͷ£ᶨʶʱΪΪ籩Ϊ棬ǵţ໥ϽսóǱʶ˿籩ꡣ
Ʈҡĩս٣
ʶսޱȣһСģʶټᶨɢ俪ͻɥʧԶ٣Ӵ˳Ϊˡ
㲻ɢֻҪиҲʶԵ䣬ֲӰ졣
ǣǱͻǺγжһη塢ʤļᶨʶʯȻһ壬ܰӰ졣
ǵ£ŰҲֻǳڱܣޱȣʶֻһںͳǱʶ漸֮󣬾塢ճһۼû¡
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ţЩʶôȫˣεȥˣ
ǱһݣղԿһƾɣĨ˳űڵıʶġ
ʶһȴɢٷ䣬ת۱鲼ǱȫЩǳǱղ֪ģڣһ̽󣬾Ȼûҵһߣ֡
ǹʶű֮ӿ֣ͷӬĿĸоûĹǣתɢȫȴ֪ȥ򣬿Բܵд֮Ҫѯ޺ı˽⣬ʶ֮£ҲԣϾĦ
Ǳţӿı֮Ѿ𽥼٣ҪԷȫĺһգֻҪɲּɣҪǺͻ൱߹ƽ⣬ͨ޳ֻؾĵһԪʵ
֣ǱԼᶨ־ײ֮Ȼת̽ȫЩڳǱʶк񾭹˺ܾã翴һ˲顣
ڲԶпǰĳǱ֮ԭӿֲࡣ
һʼﵽ˾޺ܵϵǹᵽǿƣо룬ǲҪһˣû뵽ǱͻȻ֣
Ǳһ֣缲籩㣬Էһ˿ϢĻᣡ
Ǿ޺ֶβһǴ̡ìĴ̳һĳ֣ǵ߸ģۿܸеЩǴ̼ķ̲ܵصΣա
δ룬ǱӣȻͽ޺սܣ
ţǱһץסԷ͸¶Ĭ֪Щʲô
ΣƺѾӣ˹ȥ
ûߵǱߣͼǱץž޺ͷ­֣Ȼɿ޺֮׹ء
Ȼ󡭡
꣡꣡꣡
޺ŵƤ棬һѷ죬ѷӣת۱鲼ȫ
飡
գ޺һ޴һ㣬׵ı鿪Ϊصı

ӿ׵ĺƬƮɢ¶Ѹ½һ϶ĸо
Ǳջ֣ͷüͷ
ΣͬԿعǾ޺Ǳĳ˵Ҳǵƾսȴνݿ࣬һߵ˼ֱеսľ
£㹻ĺֻҪҵһ԰ȫĵطչؼʱȫ뵤ΪȻ·ԳɹͨӴζͨ¼ʵ
һ׼ϵһٴͨζ֮ɻ벽졣
ζΪ׶Ρ
һ׶ΣζͨһǶתĶΪѸ٣ں٣ȭǱĿǰʹ׶Σ
ڶ׶ΣζͨҲζ۷壬ʱ򲻽˳ǣߵһڳǱϣѾˣܵõһջ񡪡
ͻƶʮǵļޣ
֮ǰͨʱǱѾע⵽ˣŻڶеɢҲ΢ֱҽҪϵĸоӦǵļȻɶ
룬Ҳ֮ͨͬ£Ƿпͻƶʮޣ
ϸ㣬ǱΪζһ׶Σ֮սǿսʤ벽죬նɱ쾳İ䲼٤޺;޺ıǶʮǺ͸ɰƵĺš
ȻҲͰ䲼٤ޡ޺Щʶйء
ζĵ׶Σǰ벽죬ʧֻͨҪСѭһ죡
񣬳Ǳϻһϵͻƣټ۵ޱȣֻؾҲȹ̣ȫԳų벽졣
˵ׯǰ
ȴϲ⣬һ˿ΣС
ĦųڵԽԽˣһֻ֣Ūųеˣǻˡǻˣƺڱš
ע⵽ΧԿյĽֵЩ˺ͻȻ֮䶼ʧƵģǱһĸо
ֻصƣĻ˲ҿͬܵ壬ֻԶ룬ȻԶԶأȴӰӶ
عǾ޺ҲûнڵĺȫΪһ֣ȫ飿
ǱüһԵдҴһԣԶԶȥǳǱһ㡣
һᣬǱͷһۣʵͳ죬֪йųǳڣܻط棿
֪֪Ǵ˷ǰ
ĻشȴǱϡ
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ֵܵ˼ǣҲǴˣǱ˵Ѿˡ
Ⱥʦǻ˵ͳ֪ǴŻôǱ˵ţƬתҪߡ
֪ĲԶ
Ҳ˵ͷ·Ѹ뿪
ȥãĵȻҲţһӴĺӰƶڱ˹


204 ȰϽ
ڶصһطر
һڲtĽǽǲߣ㣬ǰڣǰխĹ
һѹһأҲͻΧȥһ㶼ֻᱻΪصĳһͻƣҲͱˡ
⴦طǲأҲܹԶ
ǱŽĲã̾Ȼĵط֮ǰΪλҪĴأǵʵ棬гɰǧĻˣҲֲܼʱ䣬ʱ̣Ҳܴ¥Ծȥȥ
ⷿӵĸ߶ȣͨ˵ȻֱǶ˵ȴֲʲôȫڷʵڵסˣٴӴ뿪
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ǱͷҲ˵ʲô
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ʱкȻֵҿǴӳ뿪ųǣ֪׷ʲô
Ǳһۣţʵϣ׼ǳ꣬ʹߴ·Σպܿͻή٣ͳѵûֵ֣ϼô
ֵϺֹǼǸû˻˵Ӱտյģķžǡ
һʼģҲͰˣƫƫԭгŻˣƵģҲϢǰ󷴲δ̫Ѱ
һ㣬ڳǱлʱԵøԣҲΪеɫҲԽǿԼǰ
ΪڵͺٿأڵĵطһƬճһ㡣
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ŶǱҲ⣬ֻǿУŶԷ͡
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205 Ħƣϴ
ЩѪ־֮ǰȫ
Ǳüͷע⵽ϵɫαЩʲô˼֮ǰ˵쾳֮ϵһ磬Ѫ־ʲôУΣʱʱܷսʱܹ
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һ˿˿ĺڳˢϴ۹ͬʱһ˾ȫѪ⣬ǱһθеֽӽǼ޵ĸо

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206 ףףף
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ûüѾĶˡҽУ֧壬ӵóǱֵܳУȻǶҪ
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ǰĲҽиң˵ĶУĵ׶һ֮УóǱĽ飬ҲֹĬˡ
ʵϣס죬УԼеˣǱӦһؼϣҪչسŻԸ˲ҪţȻ֮ʱ˭
Ǳ̣ҲϣǱԽǿԽãԲŻάǱڻӶóǱɲÿɷ
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ǱһڣȻããոɵıԪΣ


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Ƿצ˸ź⣬ֱϮϢ絶Ǳһֿĸо
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צײ˵Ǳƶţͬһڵһ㣬ֱɳȥ¡һײһС

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Χס졢ӶҲǸ࣬˽׼Ϊ棬˶Ѿעһ

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һһһ·죬һ붽һгǱǰ󣬵ٶ죬һתۣۣұۡ

ֲͬԵת۱Դ֣֡͸ǱĽӴֱ뵶֮ڡ

ζ۷ӵеΪζͨӵﴫ;ĵ٣㹻ĺ󾢣ܹݳ壬ڱϣñԣ
ʱǱֳתͨ죬ɢϢֳǸֳһĨɫɭɭ
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˲仯ͱھȮڽһϯ֮ңǹǽǣȫΪһ̲Ƭ
Ԫǧѧʱ꣬ٴ¶
䣡
ȮıϣȻһȻ¶һ󶴣ȵϢͺŴһӿ

һۿɼԾȮΪɢ֮ҡҷʯ
ˢ
һֳֵӰӾȮһ
Ӱֱ嵽ɸߣ֮Ʒžȥӿ

Ǳأó֧壬ǾҴϢȻתͷȮȥ
ȮվڵϣֻǰһץļƣһǸͨǰĴ󶴣ԶԶȥĿġ
Ҳūô
ãǱȻ˵
⡭Ҳƺ˱ʣܶ鶼ԤвͬˡԵͳĶ𣬡ҸҲһЩȮֻ֣ܾ֮ܿһ
Ǳͷһתסȥķ˹ȥ
ΣȽǰ˽ᣬȻ뿪ֻص
Ǳ˵ţһһȥÿһڵһӡ߶͵ֽŶԭ
ȳǱıӰʧڽֽǣֻľȮźȻء


208 
Ħųǣǽһʯʸ̨Աߣ
סˣ
һϳѳֲסַɳһ·ţڵϡ
һԵĻӶһн佫Ҹ¡
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սţתԱߣһѳȻļٷأ¼սš
佫ס졢ӶԼΧס˵ʩȻϻɬƴȫǲ佫һʱ֮ҲԳưΧ
УΪͣżǰֻǷ̥۷壬⼸ܿǲ谭ͨͷ­ѪɱϾʱж̣⼸Ϣα佫нĻڣ˰Χ˵ˡ
ڼ˲Զһйٱʣսһ佫շתŲ䣬һʱҲͶսѽѷ֡
ֲ佫ȻǿޱȣʶȫսȫƾܣֻҪպ÷ִ磬ǿԲһģֻܵ˺ܸԭνڲܣе֮ǰ˵ҲΣÿζֵת뿪
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֮ǰ︦һ֣ĪƣͳǱս֮󣬸ǽ춯ͻȻ֮侲ﷴӵˡ
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֮ʣȻ񣿡ӶһԶ
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ĬȻ˸ȻѾҡ
׺ĶΪӶ仰΢һͣʵҲͬĵǡ

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ΧȦȻ˲߽⡣
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ⲻ佫Ҳͣ½ŲƺǰͻȻһ˸еЩ
ܿ죬ײбԱһӶеųǱȥ
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һɻ֮ӳǱ𣬴ݹȥѸڲ佫ӣ佫յֱֺۺڱһ˿һһƤڡ佹ѷ죡
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ǽ佫ұ۸Ȼ󲻵Ȳ佫عһӣץס佫Ĳһ̤һ˳ȥ
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ֻһǱץŲ佫ֱײԶĳǽϣ
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һ㹻ѪڵİƽϢǱҲ֣ͣһͳ嵽ԡ
ʱбԷһ˦Ƶõ˾룬Ǳһ̤ȥһֱ̧Ǵȴİ趯ڶ佫Դϡ
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ЩȮһʮֻһһĿһΧΧ£롣
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209 黹㣬Ӵ
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һƵĵͺ洫ʱһ˿ëȻ
һ˫˫˱Űɱ֮ĵâ˹ƹ»˼֮ĵױ־塣

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һй֮ǰƴɱʱɢǹǷϾľҲӰ쵽ˡ
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һߣ̾˿û˵ʲôȻɫ˵һС
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пųǱȺӰʧڳУЩ񣬲֪Щʲô
ͣһ΢ĩ֮ܵô˱δ뵽һʱָ㣬ȻܻһֻñһᣬЩʪ
ǳ죬սнΣջδһδųǣǱ㻹ɥܣѾù࣬޷ˣֻܷܿԼˡ

޴ΪǸ֮ˣû뵽Ҳи֮ʡ
ǱɱĺڶЩʱġ춯
ĶԹţ֮ǰ˵ҶжϣھȻΪһССݣԸΣգҪˣҿڲڡ
²ôġǱҡҡͷûаܽ㰲ȫ͵ҲǰݱΣ֣һͦᶨûһ˿ԥ
˳Ǳ⻰þԣֱǱѯ·ʱ³
ǳǽǣ


210 
ĦųǵĳǽܸߣڳǵĳǽҲҪɣƽ˾̧ͷȥҲҪѲõϸߣǶڴʱĳǱ˵Ѿ㲻ʲô谭ˡ
һ̤һŲǽϣѹʯ棬УԴΪ㣬֮
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ǱͷҲأϷ·۾һ㣬ǵ̤ǽϵŶȻһǣʵ֮Ƽٶȱǣһת۾ͳ嵽˳ǽϣҲľ󣬾һƮȻ䣬Ħųǡ
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УǱȲڵϣĿ۵һƬڡ
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Ǳһ̾ţһߵͫӾ
ΪѴζİոǾϸȻ룬˵ǲĿҲԽˡ
ڼʶڶϵʶҲ飬Ǳ˫֮ʱӾˣȻûعͬ£ҲѸӦ˺ڰ΢΢
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һϲһϵƣɢ˼֣²Ȼ졣

ӭ洵һ󼲷磬ûɢһŨŨů⣬һů硣
Ǳӭŷ磬һ·ɱϢ֮ڿ˹Դģ
ЩâǴһڷģǶ˸ߣɿԶԶȥ޴ޱȣ͸ʵɫˮ
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ܿ죬䶸ЩƮɫܵǣһ㣬ųǱ۶Ȼ˳ëףڡ
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ǱһֱûиֵľʹȻԳܣȴ޷־
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޴ڣ޿ɷһ˿һ˿룬ǱĸоֵĽƤĤ֮䣬Ȼм˿˽ƶ
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ǱڵĴΪʹԷʹ亹Ķ£ҧء
һ˿˿ĺɫӳǱɢԽԽ࣬ɢϡ

ʹеĳǱûлͷϵ䣬һʱ䷢״ϳЩݡ
ʱ·˵ЩйھϴӵĲ֡
Щ֮ĪǾνΪΪ
ڳǱ˼ʱɢĺԽŨܡ
Щһ뿪ƤͺǷһ㣬ɢҪɫ֣ǳǱʱȫУЩɢͱӵóȥ
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һȥǱͻȻľʹҲ֮
Щ֮԰ҳȥ״
Ǳ״ѾеˣҪǣڣЩ֮ڱ䶯ţƤѪ֮䴩󣬴УгǧСһ㡣
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ǱֻǳһǿΪееĳ֣ѸٻָΪ롢Ҳ³ӯڵİģҲڻָǣƤĤһЩۻࡢʣ
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һһ꣬ǵǲһǰЧҲޡ
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ţҵ񴿴࣡
һ˿֮뿪Ǳظ֪̼֮ԭҪһЩʱ͸е˵ı仯
ڣͺѱΪԪǸֻؾһȺͺֽȻ෴ԣ쳣
ֻǳǱϾԼۻģȻȺѹۣȥʵȹ˸ٻЩʲ棬Ҫ򰾡⡣
Ҫܾã
ڣǱȻֵڵıԪͻȻӯ࣬ͷһתٶҲ˼֣
Ǳ֮ǰᵽٶȱ죬°빦
Խ⣬ʡһ򣡡
ĳǱȻζͨΪͻϮж˳أûдֻ֮ͨζ۷壬ǰ벽졣
ֻеֻؾ쳣ζ۷޳˱ԪҲȰ벽ߣټ϶ʮǣǱսʵѴ쾳һϴ軻ѪĲΣ
ϴ軻Ѫ˼壬ǽϵĹѪҺȻһ£˵Ҳ֮
ķȴҪԴ֮У͹ۣոѪҺӶıʣԳǱڴ֮ͨ󣬻ˮĥ򣬽һ£һЩһЩҲһֱάּ
Ϊͻͽȡü֮⣬Ҫһѭ򽥽һһ䣬ߵøԶ
ͬЧȻҪôĹ˼ɣһ·;ʵҲĵرҩֵǵԭΪʡȴ߶๦ֲ󻼡
Ǳĳ˼һͳ˻ˡ
˴ɫ˳ûü۲ܣ֮Ŀǿ͸ʱ򣬿棬ʱҲ档
ǱתףĿȥʱֻ֣߰Ȯվɿ⣬ĶԼһɹɵɷ֮
⼸ֻȮȻֵ׺ݣ͵ģ΢΢Ҫ̤һ˹ģȴֻײ꣬ûнһĶɫ֮ࡣ
ǱͷһתͲ³Щ˵֮ڱֳӣͺǴ׺ݣֻҪһʯͷĶǹʱԶݡ
Ǳھ͸оǰļֻȮʵֻҪԼҲһ顰ʯͷܽȺ׷߸ܡ
۾ڸոջָĴڵҲԾǽҪֵס
ǱȺץһ·˵ﲻǼٵģڼȻлˣⷴһ
ңֻǽԷܣǡ
֮Щס֪ܲܽǳĨɱ
ʱԶĽӰ֣ԵЩ͸ûõģһܸɢˡ
ĦĹһȵؿŶѨһƬӿŵ֮ϵı龪ޱȡ
ôôˣ겻ֻһСô


212 Ӱ
ǱûĵϴԽԽƵһھȮҲԽԽֿ׸ĸо
ǾȮη֮ǰôţҲȤ붴֮⡣
ܶȻǶȽϰʯȮĸߴЩڣҶѨһ룬ȫ֮Ǹǲ룬ôһöڵҲֻֻ߰ڶ⡣
ƣȻ׼ס˶ڣǱһȥĿռ䡣
ǱΪ׵ľȮء£վڶڱԵֻ֫һҪ뿪֪ٵˡ
ţ
Ǳһţֱܳεǳ˾ȮȺУ
𣡡
ȮǼ״гмļֻתһ̧צӣҪ
û뵽ǱһһշתŲת۳ܶڱϣ
һ£ǰоȮͶΧл
Ǳֻ΢΢һ٣ǰֻȮ˹˫צЮżٵƿֱϮţ
һֻԶڣֻԶ⡣
Ǳ״ȴǲŲæһ
һһӳ˶Ѩ˶⡣
ˣˣˣ
˼ײֻ˻ľȮǱһûüסƣ໥ײһ𣬹һš
һײƲС𶯣һʯζ£жѣһء
Ǳǽ̤Źһŵֻ˹ȥһ죬˲Ϣͣת۴ȣһַ죬һֱϣ˱Ԫּγϵ

쳣Ǳ̤ȥ嵽صǰҲγɣӿ΢
ǱҲǰһ죬ֱץסһֻȮβͣӴһקһ˦Ӵӣ˳ȥڶľȮײƲδͣ£ֱЩ֮ڡ
أ
һĲҽ̴ɫ˳ΪĿ͸û˭ܿ龰ֻڵľȮҲûٴγ
ҽУǾסľȮǷ׷׵ۡͦӣһܵ˾ŵģһתȿֺľҪܣɻûͼͣ
ǱվڶڣץһֻȮβ֮ͣ£һȻ趯һ޴ĳޣ
ˣˣˣˣˣ
ǱоȮӴϵײӵϣǺ֮һֻһģֻȲȽУʱſ죬ҽǰʱ򣬳Ǳͫһ
ֻϵѪѾȫʧˣֻʣ°׹ǣֻ׹ҲǼѩһ㣬ڿڣһҽƾήƵġ
Щ֮ȻЩſãȥմžˣ
ȷһ֮󣬳Ǳӿ˫ȺУ֮֫ڵĴٵͣҲѸǴĵŵء
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еֻﱻ˦Ӽ٣ͬɨɨһ㣬һƶ
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ƾһ֮ӲĶסֻ˻
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໣໣໣
ǰƺ󼷣ܿмֻ֮ڣҽµȮʱĸӼң
ǱʱҲ˾ɾҪþľأ˵֧ţϾֻܱһʱҪҪһۿֻͬȮֻҴ棬Ǳ֪ɰڴһ٣һɽȻ෴ִƣ
ҽŵ̤
תһ

ǱĽ£ϪˮĽʯѣе͵һᣬǰȻǿǰ壡
䣡
Ǳ·Ϊһм۵гҵײһֻֻȮ
ȮӴزᣬһһǱĽŲͣһ£ЩҪֵ˼ŶȻأһţ
תڶ
䣡
һ£Ǳŵ׵ĵըѿһ㣬¶һӶķִƣһھȮʱƶײɣ׷֮棡
ǱҲС
һ߱裬Ϳľˣߣģŵġ
ŵֻȮ£ҽгѩڣתʧӰûһĺۼҶûС
ЩΪһմ֮ͳˣһ˿ۼû£֮ǰڵȻҲĥ𣬿Ƕи̣ҲͻӲδܵӰ졭
Ǳͷû£ǰһ֮ɵȻҷ
ððð

һϡϵȻǹڵ֮ڼ
ֻʵʣīɫͣ磬Ÿ߹ڣŴ멣彣ȻڳǱǰһ־ͳͷ­ץ˹
ƹӰãת۾͵Ǳǰ
ûо棬ûоƣȴһǿҵֱԼʣǱ֫˲佩Ӳе㲻ʹˣ
ڳǱζͨѾܹѪ˵δЩ˼飡
ߣɱ
ϮʵʣһųǱϮ
ţһɴһմϣͻ񣬵ֵסĻʹ˼άȫʧҲҪӰ
ͷһ𣬳ǱȫͬʱһȻ֫Ӳ»ָƣ
ţ۾ǰǵӰ۵׷һ˿˷ܣǲˣȭһ˹ȥ
ȭͷӳӰƣȻ󣬸б
ңǺƴ罭Ӻһ㣬Ǳһ޾ĸо
Ǳɫһףδңֵס˶ԷĳȭͷҲӰϣֻ͸δԷκ˺
⾳Ĳ࣬ȻǵŵܿԽ˵ġ
ͷǱ̤ȥϲ޾ɥ֮ɫֻɫԽᶨг˿֮ɫǶԸ߾ĿǶ߷Ҫսʤ֮ǿ
ųǱĺˣǿҪץϵƱ룬ӰҲ𽥱֮ܵΧ£ŵûӰ
ӰԲˣȴ˵ͷ֪ĴڣĪҲҴղ͸¶˵ݡ
Ǳţ֮˳
ЩȮɷ֮ȥѨǿտǱҲڳ֣һЩ͸ˡ
תڵĽ˹ȥ
ѽ͸Ǳ߹˿Կʼô
Ǳҡҡͷ׷ԶֹʮֻЩ;ˡ˵ţӵϰֻص߳ܶ
һʱ֮󣬳Ǳ»ԭأȻϥ£ӻȡ顣
㱵ƮһԣﻹصųǱոոġ֮Ӱ顣


213 飬Ů
Ǳ۾ϥڵϣֻص֮ϣ˫ڵϷ
ǰĵϣһźڰӡ
顣
Ǳȥֻɫ죬ϢҲȻͬ
ϵķɫ԰ֳһֵɫ˿˿вϷɢֱ߿ڵˮ
ƤһƬͨ죬ɹϢϴɢеˮһʱ䣬ˮơ
ǱƲ䣬Լһʱ䡣
ڣӵڱӿһһȣֱӿС
ڵľδͨԴģֻԴԴϵӿģҲı䲻ھۼԽʵ
ӯ״ҲԽԽԣһ˿ϵʼǰס
ʱ
ǱϺŵֻصȻһһƮ
ȥƮ죬йӰ䶯ɫһɫΪףһɫΪڡ
ɫĲ֣ɢŵһɲȻ١
ɫĲ֣̺һţԨ䡣
ڰɫһʼԵμƮ໥ӣܿͲֱ˴ˡ
Ʈ磬һȴƱʲôšǣţƮ˳Ǳ֮䣬㲻ҲɢŹͣ
ʶ̲һС
ܷɹֻصгҪһ³ǱĲٿˡ
һʧһ㣬˵޷ֲشҲʧһּ䣬ҲԸȱݣֱʶϡ
ȴûǶѣΪ壬ΪӰ˳ǱˣδŪɳ׾
⣬ҲѾûѡ񣬼ֻصУգͻɢ
ֻصϾɱ֮ǰܹʶΪӵ֧Ԯ
Ħͻ⣬򲻵֮ʣΪʶ֮ԳأѹҲֻȨ֮ƣ黹ڵŷ
ϧ±Ī⣬һȣǼ꣬ٴȴǳǱΪߵߣҲõʧȴ֧֮Ԯʶ޷档
δԹ޳ǱȻ󣬵̺֮Ͼޣ˼꣬ѲҪ꣬Ҫڻججиˡ
ԣ뿪ֻصѳΪ֮޷Ҳֻ˶ΣΣȴֻص
ǱᡢΪͣ־ֶζ֮ѡ֮ҪΪ˻Ҫǿϼ֣֮ǰҲֳ˾˵ĿؾɣӦòʲôӡ
ţת
ǳ˲ӣʧȴ˲ּ䡢Ը񣬵ֻҪ뿪ֻصãȻĻɢĦٲˡ
ͷת֮ʱǱȻһתľո֣֮
еˮʱұ仯һֻΪˮһֱΪˮǱְУ˴ǰγһԲ

γɾͬڽս֮ʱ
սʱǱʱȥֵһ֣ԵľģȻˡƻǿǹڸͣʧȴ֮ơ
ڣǱּɵɾȫɱԪ۵һ̶ȣȵͱ໥Բתպ໥ƶȻγɵģɢݣ
ҲǳǱƽ⣬൱ִͨζ
⾢һԭͣڳǱּһҲУžת
֮֮ά֣һʱ䣬Ȼ˿δɢǱּľƿء
ʱ
Ǳٿ˫ۣһһǰתŵƽ
ţƶ䵽ǰǿϣ΢΢۾
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Ǳֿʼ΢΢ƶһһ£ţڵģڻԲ
ҲϵĶ仯еҲ֮
˫ֻԲŵ͸߶ȡ
ţҲ͡
ʶܹƺ棬Ǳȴƶ֮ܣֻصгƮǱ֮Уͷ˲ٵĹ򣬼ѵޡ
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ǣǣߣҲҪ쾳ڶһΪܹ͸ƿھ
Ȼ֮ǰƻѡ缫̵ֽİ䲼٤޾쾳ǧǰ벽죬Ʒ͸塣
Ƕûǣ⼸˵ƷΡ
෴Ǳ˵ײУԱСбعջѡóǱԼֻǳǱΪ㣬ôֻùֲ
ֻؾǰĦٴˣǴˣҲǶֽţѪΪĦ¡
ǳǱеⲿȴ˾ѧ
ܴʱ򣬶Щֽţû뵽еĦʧʶڣûܳɹվǱ˳Ǳ
£ǱƷֻؾ˾ţϣ޾գ˫ֺܿͽӴ顣
һ
£
ּ罭£ХӿڣƱŵҲ֮롣
飡
ԭƽڣʱ츲Ǻڰɫתٶȷɿ죬кд
Ǳջ˫֣Ȼڱ仯Сע⣬۾Ϣ
һ˾鿴Ƽ򵥣ʵٵ
ȻĽȼ¼ֻؾķţִд֮ǱҲֻؾ߽ݾȡɵ·
˵缦һ㣬ңĶʵ̺Ħһ񣬶ⶫȴʶнڵ㣬ӳǱҪӴ
һᣬǱȻеģʲôš
۾ĿһаסϸʳָԼıǼϡ

۾һУǱһǰȥʱͺ
һȻˣֱ˵ɿ⣬ͣ½Ųĸʵز˳Ǳһۡ
ʱ飬һɫɴȹеĳֱ˫΢룬ƮڰգϼòŮ˱֮ǰ˷ã¶Ĳµİۡȹ׵ĳŽѩԵ޶ˡ
ʵ壿ǱǰŮӣŶԷָͷԼϵǹɴУɻ
ܸеԻ֮ϼûѪҲûϢƮʱȻûܲöԷָϣǵˣһ³Ǳˣ
ôס֪Ǳʲôҡҡͷ֮棬Ҫʵ壬Ҫ̫ࡢ̫
ųǱһЦ
࣬Ҳָֻôʵ


214 ˵ն
һûг˯֮ǰѨҲڵµģرأҲûôֻ࣬һСţǳ󡣡
Ϊ壬Լʶת˽ȥȶۣȥʵС
ԭǱսʱ黹Ϊɢݿϡ˵ǣȻҲ̫ӽţȻ֮ǰǰ˼ɣںͳǱǰҲſ
ô˵Щɫġܷ壬
ǱڵϣŤͷŶڵ壬˼
ʲôΪԡΪң˵ⶴȼǰ˺ܶ࣬Ҳ⼸ģ¡
֮ʵ˵Ϣɣֻϡɢݣû֮˵ٳܡ
ųǱʣҡҡͷﲻմΪҪڰΣ
ǱҲգֻüͷϢ̫˰ɣĪ
ҵȻûмЩҸҵġ
黹ҡͷǱЩΪȻüҪΪڿ㣬ڼ֮ǰ˵ʶܹ棿ܹһѵϣڼĦʶ֮ǰֿϵͨڵҲܰٶ겻
Ǳ⣬ͷ֮ǰ֪ʶܹ壬Ǽ֮Ҳо죬ǳлˣҲ㾪档
ˡͷ̧ϷָָഫϹ֮ʱһն֮أǱڣΪŴ֮һǧǰĵһī̫ǵһܶأһͳϣɾλҵ
˵ʱ˷ܴɷһָ㽭ɽϢǱ俴ֻڶԷ˵;󲻼򵥣Щʱôһոء
ն֮أʲôնȤģЩһĵʡ
Σ¶ź֮ɫͲö֪ˣֻ֪⴦ǧأɢݵĲˣⶴѨһţĦֻ֮ӵܣڳһ죬ⶴϴ񡣡
˵ţǰ̲ס̾ڣȻۼôһӽȥʮˣʮˣҲܹܣÿ˶̥ǣ
Ǳеġ̥ǡʲô˼֮ǰһ̤У壬ϵĥڵҲųǱӯɴ˿ɼĲ
ˣ
ʱ˵֮ǰ벽챻;ϣڳһ£ټǿŵҩƿζǰ϶
Ŷô棿Ǳ֮ǰ֮УȻ棬ҲֻͣԷųڶʰˣôͻƿ
棬ôֻôһôϣ
ЦֻΪͣЩᶼ᲻ãֻǡãҪͻƵǰ벽죬絹Ҳˣ벽ĥԼӣרעڵġ
ָָӦҲע⵽˰ɣУĸӦͻήͣ߶͸ȥϵĸ֪Ҳһ磬״ٳڱ仯Ȼ°빦
ԭˡǱͷʾͬ⡣
ͺǽһӵһڵķ˵۾йٵҪԾͻ͹ԣҲͬĵ˵бˣӦģʶֱͻӦǿ̽ڱ仯
˼̸ǱѯһЩ⣬漰ĲֻѧһЩʶϵĿء
鵹֪޲ԡ޲ֻĦƺ֪Ĳ٣ʵ϶Ҳڱ棬Ͼ丸ĸڣλ֮ŮûҪзӵĶ˻ᰲźӦĵ·
ܵ˵ǱջСģչ۽ͼʶѧŲСİ
׼֮ʱԶȻһ죡
УЩ϶

컹ڼܿһ󼲷Х̺һ˿ս㤵Ϣϡϡң
ĦųǸ
ǱʱЩϢֱ³֮󣬲ʱġԴԹųУڳǵǴΣĸܹһΣĶܵ𺳡
˵Ҳ֣ԴǴڳ֮ͣϢ˺ܾãûٳֹȴ±ǱѾԶǳأȻǿֲϢҲܴݹóǱ˵Ŀ£һֱ۵ӡ
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һתǱˮ˫ͫ¶һɸ֮ɫһ£ǿڵ뾡뿪ص棬⵽ҵ׷ɱ
ţ˵ʲôǱһ㶣ε֪һᱻ׷ɱ
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Īǣ첢ֻǵĺУ滹Ϣܹ̺Ϣ
ûʱˣ׷ͲֺǵҰˣпһֲ֧ľӣ˵ָָ̧ţȥ֮ǽֱߣһ˹ͨͨлأط
ֲľӣ
Ǳ׽ʻ㣬뵽һ֧˵еľӡ
ħ
ɫصĵ˵ͷƮųǱ˫Ŀ۾һĪ֮ɫԸҲԣһȥһȫ棬ϼ£߰꣬ӦþͶȹǰΣأ㸻ɵй
ϰꣿǱҡҡͷ̫ˣȲ˵᲻ᱻʶƣǰ֮ɻҪץ
ʱѾˣĦųȻһĻ֣ȻǶԼ
һ㱻ϣҵսһֻսԷģҪΧˡ
Ǳ˵Ѿף΢΢̾˿ЦãҾ֪㲻ԸⶫصģȻ㹻֮ɨѨ֮ƣ׵ƽˣ
˵⻰ʱ˳ǱǰԿعǾ޺ʱ龰һǷѾĻնɱԷڶȴǴݿ࣡
뿪֮ǰȴӦ顣
ջЩɢҵ˼Ŀ⾼ؿųǱ˵
˵ǱǺܸɴĻӦ
սӴҲ˳Ǳ˵ӣҲ£ֱӾ͵⡪
һܼ򵥣ѧĦҵ䲻ᰴǰĹأǿҪ׸Ҫ֤Ҫػܣδ⽫ֻؾˡ


215 ʣʲôط
˹ֻصҲ㣬ֻЩת
һ˵˵һ
׸
ǱԳһ£ȻֻؾĦңȻ⴫ˣҲҪԴҪЮֻؾΪݻ⹦ĻȻҪơ
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ԷʣǱÿɷ
޷ֻüڶ£йģ㲻Ҫ˴Ӧҵ飬ҪҷΪڣһⱲӶΪ
һ
黹û˵꣬ͱǱˡ
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ⲻ֮ǰӦô
ǱۿǾ仰ֻҪ㲻ĴҾͻó˵Ҫδ⿴ҳǱ
ðɡһ£ȺҪ󶼱ǱǺһ£ҲӲصֻǣҪҲģΪһ仰ͷϳڶҪ󣬾䣡
ǱҲֻʣʲôҪ󣬶һ˵˰ɡ
Ҫ󡭡˵⣬һתҪţ˵ڶ˵
ҲãʱҪʲôֵҪһҪġǱͷ뵽һ£֪׼ȥУ
֪ʰ
˳Ǳһۡ
뿪֮·㰲ȫģֻⶴͨѹʶϣһҲܳܣҵʶȴҪɢˣǰһҡ
䣬һתһƬĶ⿴ȥͷķĦųڡ
ҸողͨһЩ飬Ҫȥ֤ʵйðʧһȥ
ǱԵͷȻˣǳǱʹ˱л棬һ·ָ㲻˵ЩĳμģҲ飬պ֮գɹԸ
㵹Ǹɴ࣬ôȲľҪȥ¶Цݣüȴ¶һĨҵ˵ȥģҲΪ֮ɡ
ǱҲЦɢ֮飬һټ֮ա
һţ˵ټҵʱѾطʱҪǰ㣬ʹһС
ҲǱ˵ţȭ񣬡ڡ
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ڡ
˻𣬳ǱһתӵϰֻصӣͦεûŨ֮Уܿ㲻Ӱ
ؿųǱӰʧһ飬þʧ
ʱȻءףŽ˻
ջĿ⣬һתڵڰ֮ɫ䶯ǵĦټȡɢһϢ
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⣬ֻ׶ȮſڵϣӶƮ֮һͷѹĸ͡
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219 ҽ֮д
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ǱԣϾ֮ɫʢ͵ʲôʲô
͵ؼҩĵر
βҪҽָֻؼ͵ҩسһңȥ͵ȥؼҩǳһָֻŴɡ괫вӵС
ֵȺá
Ǳüͷ֪˸ղΪҪ˵ԭĹǲȥҽˣ͵Ե˴ŴɣȲ˵ܷɹǳɹˣҲǺƾ׽ӣκã˵ֻᱻ˿
룬ʵһ¶ˣҽҲᱻǨŭ
⵹ᡣҡҡͷ˵ܶɶҽ಻ҵԭжһƹ̫ˣܶ཭ֶǷ飬һãһɾڶ
˵ţٺһЦǽˣѪ˭֪⣬˴ҽʱ򲻵ƣǻ֮ӣ
ⶼ̣ѵҽʲô֢ƣǱ뵽ʲôǵ֢֢֢Ҳô
Ī˵֢֢֢ԴưֻҪûơ˵ţ㽣ģˣһ˵˶ϱѹ˯ʮĻˣ
ô棿Ǳ۾֪ؿеġˡĦųֲָ֣ˣǰǲֻ֢֮кСĸܹѣû뵽ҽȻܹѡ
ǵ;˵һû˵ҽӦ֮ˣδȬġصͷȻҽҽŲɡ
ԭˣѹ⡮ҽֻܼҽһܹõƣᡣ˵ţ۾âֻǣղˣھȭҲݵλΪλҪǵģҽѻã
ؿЦҡͷҽѵãǰЩ죬ҽСɢǱʱõģⱻɱ֮ˣΪ޴԰ףǾȭδǰĳ֮ӣͬһҽҲʱõġ
ȻҽΪλҪǵģǱţʵѾ˴𰸡
ҽǲμҽƾ֤ҲǴɽ֮ʸӲҽҽΣһ·ͬҲ֣ÿҽֻһصʱδºŴġ
صĻδ˵꣬ͱһԵκˡ
ٺ١κЦ޴԰Ϊţ˵ǰЩǵһϪСүϷ˶ԷŮӣ˵ǻǰҽҪĿģϣ˸ֻǣмѧʦ͵ҩãҪҽ
ˣѵָܻǱľˡ
˭֪أҽδʧ֣ҲǿԵİɡκ˵ţ޴԰˹ȥڶԷһӣȡһķֽţ˳Ǳ
ҽ
ǱϵֽȻ
ֻֽֽͨţûʲô֮С׭дһҽ֣йоء
ҽƼ򵥣ҽȴа취αǰ˷죬ǰݻᣬֱʶƣȽšؿ˳Ǳɻ󣬳͡
ţǱȻ׳ղۣǸС׭ϲһ˿죬΢΢һƾֽ趯ϸһȴ״
֡
ڱǣɫһ䣬ŵһѪζ
ղӦòǻþд֮ˣΪ϶ǳˣֻܿܲҾеͣ޷һǰķαҪٱȷʵ·졣
Ǳﰵ˼š
غ˽һȻ˼ǼҲҪҽΣӣ·һͬμҽᣬΣ
ǲȷǱǷҲҪҽֻǷǱսˣ޴԰׵˱׷·ţǳǱһ֣̺ʬأսԣȻһֱϣҽϣӦҲ
Ǳԣһᡣ
֢֮кתɲˣҽҽΣȻá
ֻǳǱﻹЩ˼뿪¸ҲЩˣ֪ĸܵεȴ뵽ʦֹ񾹱ΣĸҲѹ
Ҳ֪ʦǻȥûУȥˣ˾˹ųУǻҸĸӲ
ţȻŤͷʵҽҽʱУ
죬ҽɽͺټˣһɽгָֻԭĹأҪ͵ؼҩ
ôʱ䵹Щ
Ǳüͷ΢壬룬ʵʲô취ܽϢݵɭ棿
Ϣ棿һ㶣Ȼǲ٣δ޸˵˲٣սңÿն˻طģǰŴϢ
˵⣬뵽һ£ЦˣʵûҪô鷳ֻҪҽո¶ͷǣȻᱻ˷ͨע⵽鴫֮У磬գ޽֪һʶˣȻҲ֪ˡ
˷ͨʲô
˷ͨһɰɣֻ֮˶óϢндͬӢ¼У¡ϸϸ͡
ԭˣֻû֮ˣǱУҲ޴ӵ֪Ǳҡҡͷô󣬴δ˵ɺͽд֮زС
Ҳüͷôһ˵ҲϾ͸زͬ˵ֻһЩȨ˼ҡдܽӴд
ŶȨ˼Һ͹дܹǱԣȴǰһ
ǰ˵дΪУ˶г¼صͷ
˾ͺãôǱ⣬Ƿ


220 ڣʮ
ಣ
УӰ˸
һֻƴСİӰٱţתұ䣬Ҫ˵׷
ֻƾô䣬֮˶ĸš


ȻǰľȻʣǲɫ֦Ҷʧȡ֮ģһƬСϪ
ৣ
ʱӰһǰӰն
ԭһֻҰãŶץ
ץ֮ˣһۣ󱳳ǳǱ
˿еӣŸղ׷֮ʱԼƽڵ棬ҲҲƾֺŲơḶ́һʱζǿҪץֲľˡ
ⲽʶһһײԴھȭŵ˺޴԰ס
Ǳ˽ս۹۶ԷʩչʱĶ¼ʶʶγᡣ
Ѿӳ˿е֪ײŹԾŹ֮ΪһײϰΪгɣǾȭŵļϣԲ󣬸Ŷ֡
ǱõģֻǾŹĻ
ʶܼ¼˵˱仯ݳĵȡǶȣӶõݣȴ޷в
ŹҪϾŹԳǱֻܵõһб
ڳǱ˵Ѿ㹻䲻֪Źţõľȴпȡ֮ţעؽֺı仯תȣϸ£л֮
Ϣһ°ɣܿҪˡ
У߳󺺣֮ǰȭ׷ĳصˣ˫ͨ˱㲻ڳƺǱǸĳơ
Ǳ˵ӡ󻹲СļƣΪ˻ˬ˾ȭһ֮˱һ·ͬС
һ֣߳īκһЦ߹ȥˮϴ棬ʹ˼ڣֱʹ졣
شӳǱϽֻӣһ
ͬλϽģҲ˵ùȥ
һʱ֮Χһ𣬴ڳ⣬óƴ˼ڡ
߼ܵǸˡǱҪˣû뵽;ɱ޴԰ֻ͵򵼶ڷҪǶ˼Ǻţʶ·ǾҪ·ˡ
źţҲκ滰ֵ࣬һ·˵һ顣
ҪСһˡʱɫصҽڵĴӣﲻԶ˷ۣ;϶˴ҽͷ޴԰ײǵһҲһ
ȻǱΪߣսǿ鷴٣Ҳһ㣬ѣ˵ԲǱһֽ̻塢ָĸо
˵޴԰׵ӺҲҪǰҽɣﻹе˵϶ǰͽ쾳֪
īȴκһڱϣ˻
ô޴԰ȫûִɽϢʮа˾Ŵȥһ˵㴫ȥˣΣ׶ˣ
Ϲˣ϶ߣ֣ɽǰˣôͣΧɭ֣˵ţ˰֣ˣҪ˵ˣ¶ԺҲҪᣬڶСĻӿڳ
˵ţǱֻǺȾƳ⣬ţȴԽƽ
ҽᣬ˵ۼ˺ܶ޸صܣԴԽӴĶֻ֮ˣܴչһ۽ˡ
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ţٿɫһ䣬΢۾е;ƶȥ
ţǷʲô˼״Ҳͣ»ͷ
Ǳ˸ƣȻŤͷԶԡ
Ҳͣж˳ųǱĿ⿴˹ȥ
ƽ
ܿ죬ɳɳ촫ǲݴԱţǼٵĽŲ

֦ҶζӰҴҵĴ˳
żַ͸Ѫ
˶ɫǾװοջƣԶԶȥΪ
һ֣ǾͿΧڻԵĳǱˣҲкֱӳ˹
нҩôࣿһ˱ܱߺл̻̣Եü͡
УӦһ̽뻳֪ʱһ²һ£˳ҩȻƣԲ뷢ͻǲҪƽϣŪɳ׾
ʱһɫӰ߳֡

һɺƾܡ
罣
̵ģصĶסˣַ֪ĺ
ǽ⣡ôĽ⣡īҲԭأͺ
ͫײͷת
ܷĸ֣óȻҩƷ׷ɱ֮ˣǨŭ
Ŀת䵽ǰɫӰϡ
һһѩ
Ǳ˵ʱ¶ȻЩ죬ϸϸһ䣬ⲻϿնɱȺ֮İô
ʱԷƾշ޷
Ҳɭ֣Ҹոͻƣ͸ΪߵֻͣǾ罣ޱȣ֪ʱգǷʸһ̽ˡǱ۾еĸϸһ˿â۷
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˴ӳ𣬾һֱڱܣʱѾ嵽˳ǱԣȡҩĶͣһ֣ҪãͬʱϺӰһī⼤
ţǱһףֻֽص˳һ⼲

ЩīɫâڵϣǼĺڴָ̣ƽ
ͻȻ͵Ϯ˰޸֮˵ֶλֱͦӡ
ţǱĿһתע⵽еķߺ֮ɫ֪˼ǺޣҲ˵һɲȻһһƱ̽䡣
⴩۵ļһҲǸ֣
ɫһ䣬ɷ׵׾Ȼְ֡
ԭٽ˫ȣǳһ£ٶ
󣬰ͷһתǱ˹
Ǳʱ͸еһ飬ֱϸһµĸо
ǰĿ罣ǣ֮С
ֻƳ˳ǱһۣȻջĿ⣬һϵĽ
ǰ׵ģ֮ģϥѪ䣬˵ڵء
һٱĲ¶ˣȻˣǾֻǿˡ
˿˵ȴսʡ
죬ƽȵȴһַ֮Уǽһ㡣
Ű˻£˾;ȵؿſڵص˺ĴꡱѪǲ֪ʱһˣ
ʲôʱ򶯵ֻ֣ðĵ׵
˺תӣϰƽĶųǱͷҹȻûпȷʸԽˡ
ŶԽ֪ºˣǱϲɫϵıȴٿرǣһ졣
ϵķ֮ԽŨҡ
ڣʮߡ


221 °׷
ڣڴˣ
֮ɫ˲ɷףһ仰Ҳ뵽һЩֵʡ
£޺ƽ٣
Ǳɫ䣬Щ֪ޣʹ֪Ҳеô졣
¼ھ֣Ǳ
һ䣬ǱͬŽʮߣܹоʱĶԷһѲʵսڻһгʣȻ˫
˾ôţϵڣ˴˶ԿҪԷС
ܵĿҪһ㣬˶ٸкѣģҪһ㡣
У˵̫ǿʲôҲҪѪ죬ˡ
˶һۣӶԷп֮⣬ֱ˿̣Ƿ֪Ǳʵ㾪ˣվƾͱȵ˲òˡ
˵ĺܿ졣
תۣСϪ֮ԣֻʣ³Ǳͽʮߡ
һһףԣƽУݺᣬһ潻档
̶ֱȱ任÷ͣͣˡ
ͬģҲֱ˽ʮߣ;ͱ̵֧飬ǰС
ۣۣۣ
ԣСϪȻ𼸶ˮֻšţȻ˶ƤƯ
Ӵλɣץ㣿
ʱһԲ֮ԶһʼúԶһתۣѸٱ󣬷·ڶ˶˵
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ŮӵͻȻǱͽʮߵĶжϣطػڣΧеظ֮ȥͬʱתͷŮӡ
ŮƤ𪣬ͷѩףƮһ˫Ŀˮ룬ϸϼذ¶ǰѩףܳ޷Զ趯Ů
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û뵽ӻǵ֡°׷ŮȻһЦתǱλôƺûܺͽڴţſ˲Ŷԡ
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ײֺܰסָϸǱĲ֣ŵǸˡ
һԼʮ꣬ŵ챡ͷŮӣϱһ첯ţԳײץź
һţڳǱԺС
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ǱţǲҪֽ˲ƾ˲ƶо֮ǱЮˣǱȻܼȡ
ֻײʲôǱû³çƲóȻֺܿŪɳ׾Ҫ֪ԷĴΪ
ôһֱϵѾͷĪʶ
ײע⵽ǱߣЦӿɲҪᣬɲҪӺСѾͷǾСʩˣŭҪǾͺСһʣˡ
ײĻȻ˻˲Ƶע⣬̧ͣͷһ˫۾ųǱ˹Ի
Ǳ֮Ȼ仯󣬵ʱ˲Ҳֻ˳һȣһβûȥԣһֻǾ죬ûϳعּ
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˵֮ʱһƮϻץһˣȴһƬëһƮƮϴֶϣСһңתԶȥ
ǱŰײ뿪ûκζû˿䶯
еһˣſףݺᣬǽҪİһ㣬ָζ档
ǱʶֻҪԼ춯˾ͻᷢ籩ĹܶԷڻû¶档
˵Աʵǽʮ߲˶٣ܿ쾳߷ġ
ͷתǱϵıţһֱǰ۲Ϣ
Ǳԣʮͬԭأϵǹڶһַ֮ƾ˼档
ɳɳɳ
ѥӲڲݴϵԽԽԳǱĿѾܹӰˡ
ľһȺˡ
ΪˣǷ˳Ǳ֮ˡ
һˣ겻ʮһɫֱ֣ϷһſԵϢһվ޷ӡ
Ǳͽʮߣͣ½ŲЦλڽ֣֪ΪʲôԵʣӣӦУΣ
Ļ˵ųǱǹɢΡ
ʮ߿Ӧ죬йâʵʵ´Ȼҡҡͷ̫࣬ڷ֮£ɾޣԽĶ֡
䣬һתǱȥ
̫֮࣬ҵıԿҪնˡ
˵ʱ򣬽ʮû˿飬Ȼ˵꣬һţӰģ·һת۴̵˰ٲ⣬תԶȥ
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Ǳڰ֣𣬵ҿûôͬ·
ǱӦϸеһַĵĸ߰
ʹʱҲܴ̬иеһ֮⣬Ӧһ𡢾һϵһоͶƼһ㡣
˻ԶЩãЩŪ˵֡
ţǱͶڲԶĳص˻㼯һ̤뿪
ٰЩ̫ǷҪѵһ
ӦԵĸųǱԶȥıӰʵ
Ӧҡҡͷ˵ΪгɣȻаҪշҪ۷ɼһʱ
ĸҲʶȤæٰ߼ٰ⼸һͻζޣɾһ㣬츳ԶԶ˵ġ
Ӧ΢΢һЦɫȻҪƨҪʵ£ҽĻᣬٴ֣ȴ˼ˣ˳ֶҲܽˣʱٲһλá
ǣǣ¶лٰЯ

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Ӧ˳Ӧ죬˵ʺܸߣˣ仰˵ЧĸǰˣңѾۼ˲°ˣԳ˳ղƤܱܿС
Ǳͷû˵ʵǲ뻨˼Щ档
˵ţ˼ʱ˼·ɱǱˣһ·ͣͣĿĵء
ˣ


222 д
ҽڵء
ǱվڴڣĴ뽭ͣип
֮ǰµʱĦųںͻɱһĬĬĵͨС
ǰƽϢЩġ
ӾȻеģ˻ǵĪǲҰޣ
п꣬ȥǱʳɻ
˵ģһĴ䣬ǽ֮еġ
˵λУɭ֣߲˼ܳɭ֡
س״ǰʱҲɻ˵˲֪ԭӱǽֱϵģԱиկӣѹȴ޶ȣгΣų²ߣ˴֮С
կӣɽ
ųصĻǱһ뵽˱Լնɱˣţ˰ᵽģǸɽ
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Ʒ䲻ɷŵϣҲģȻɽԵôɽֻЩʲôأϧϸһֱɲ꣬Ҳ֪ɽľλá
Ǳڳ˼ԵĳںһЩĽͬк
һ㶼ŸԵĽڻţǳˣʵͽѡǻи磬֮ǰ˵
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غ˵䣬תܳǱֻԶԳǱôһ˲ȤֻԵк˼Ͳٽ̸
ЩģƼٱɴʦ֣˳Ӧ죬СµɮɵӵȣȵӢǱȻҲмڻţϾԶ޸أע⡣
Ȼ˵꣬ʵҲѾֻ꣬һ˵СԱΪӢۡ
ɽ֣޵𺳺ܴԭĸ֮ʱʱúܶǣ˽ɽҲҪб䶯
ֻǣ񱻴Ϫƹܣǰ޽ֱҲѳ֣ΣϷ˺١⼸ģ϶ǱˣȻҲ⣬Ƽٱӣͷֱ츮ݺϾɽ
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ЩһʲôûԹΪӣȥģȤڸп
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ײħŮҲͰˣϾ޸أ嶾̵СŮҵĲ£ҲܲܣңҲΪѣΣ
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˵ţתתģڸ˰ﲨĿɨӣеͷ΢΢һ
ӦҲͷһ¸΢ȣµĴ㣬ϣϵĵŮҲǲ֪ڸģҲգҽȥһħǲµı
Ӧ˵ͬʱײĿ䵽˳Ǳϣʱ˫һһı
Ǳȴ۾۷ΣյĹâ


223 ԩ·խ
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ǵĶȥɬʱòȻϰΣר԰ײṦص㲼µľ֣һʱ侹֮ס
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˱Ͼ΢ҵĲṦֻҪ¶ģҲܳΧȦײṦԸһЩΪηǱˣ
ﻹţԼ˵Ľ̸Ϊ˻
ˣħŮ˵Ĳᡣ
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˵˵ɽһֶɢܷߵѨ쾳ߵ侳磬ΪԽߣԽҡ
Ӧ쵹ҲʶˣеձŮȻ䣬ҲöԸҲǣǸ˲õ
꣬С㣬Ů߹ˣһЩ
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㣬ͬص˵һƺǰǰɽˣģһЩСΪһ֮ˣڳ֮ˣ󲿷ֶֻǷ̥ΪٲֹѪУζ㡣
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ԶӦ쾲ԭأŰײƮӰнȣֻϻǹһĨЦ
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ԶһɫɮµӴһӰ˳
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СУСһֱΪףĳͻϮŮӣȥ»ʦôײ֮Ҳֻ˵
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ֻһΣǱȴҪǽˣĿضӣ³һ֡
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ţһ
ƫڴʱһŮӴڴһɫӰѸ
λʦ֣뽫嶾̵СѾͷңһк񱨡


224 Ĺ
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ǰǿɵĪ·˵ҲСǸ֡
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˵ǿϧ˵ƼٱҲû֣ҪҲ¶棬ˡ
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ô˵⼸ڣħŮӲˡ
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ӣȻ㿪ˣҵȻӡ
ʱӦ;֮Էĳԣóһ·ôһһţһȻԽǿʢ
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ĵһʣǱȴǶԼڤڤ֮Щɻ
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Ŷ˲ӣ˶쾳ΪڣɽĻ
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ԣһ·ӵһߵֿϮһ߳ãҪ˵ȥ
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225 ˽Թʡպ鷳
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λѣº޹أȰ㻹ǲҪ͵ĺãҪмΪĴ֣Щ鲻ܽӴġ˵
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⵹ҲԹǣԼҲΪǱһЩ嶯ˡ
ȻܺһսƽˣͲ˵ˣңķʽкܶ࣬ȫؼһʱ
ֵܶһۣɫΪǱΪ˴ţŻ߳ȥ
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һ仰䣬Ӧһ̤𶯣˲ǰǱǰһڣһ׵ָֽʩչ˳
Զߵĵҷ궼ɫһŭ

ӦһֳֵһֳɽָʽӶͬʱϵȻؾҲХۼۣʱΧƶˣ
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ײ֮ӿƽ硣

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ʮ͵ĽƤĤҲ۵֮ڣ

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226 ȭˣӳ

ӴƥľӳǱϴѾǴȦֱ۱Ƥƣ
⾢һӦʱеޱȣ΢΢Ҫѹˣ
þ˵ľ˵һ쳣ҵĺüô˵ܿ쾳һڵĸ֣
ʱӦѾȫ֮ģ֮ǰΪڳǱϸ̫ܲǿҵΪԷǳ쾳ѣԾֻҪԼȫ֣սʤԷ練ơ
ѪҪ쾳ҪζУһСѭӴȹ̣Էת׳󣬻ɢԽҲԽԡ
ǱŶʮǺͱԪս쾳Ϊֻǰ벽죬ȻûǿӦᡣ
⣬һ㣬ϴ軻ѪʣʷӦܵǱ۴ľƷԭ뷨µĴжϣóǱһڵĸ֣˵ǸǾˡ
һΣӦ츳һ·¹ʲôѣߡһ˿ɱȵģҪսʤңΣ
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תۣӦ˾Ͱһأ¾û֮С
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Ǳüͷһ壬һööɫַͬһǿҵ
ΨԣΨΨƣŷƽȣŷɣűǶ񣡡
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230 ϴ赤
ΪǱǿƳֶ۷׷סǣʱڴеԺǱ˱ҽָţ߽һ䷿䡣
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ҽ޷ܾͳǱһңͬбһ£۹۱ǡǹģûжදǿҲǱһۡ
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һʱ֮ǰײںⷿĴ󲿷˴֡˴˵жԣתۼ䣬͹һң̾Ҳ̾ҽ֮ƣж˫ʱȴԹ
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Խɮײֿϣע⵽Էɲһ˿ŭ𣬶ŶĻ˲ƣʱҲƳǱһۡ
ȤȤ㴫˵ɣưոݣҲǴ⣬Ȼûȫչͳ͡Ҳԣ嶾嶾ڴ˳֣ﻹ̵ס
뵽嶾ϵˣײתͷ˲ƣŷ֣СѾͷȻ۾һԡ
ӵ´Ҫ׽Ͳˣʥ̺嶾̵ԼҪһ򣬲ǳǱһֱڻ˲ߣֻҪһָΪţųǱײҲ˳ڳǱϡ
ŷ֣겻֪ʲôʱʼϥұĿ΢΢һģ
ⶼжϲ䣿ˣ
һݣײĵ׶ԳǱҲɵһ˿֮⣬֮£ǱɢһֽನĲȻڻĳܣһͨǾͿԳΪ
ˣΪûˡ
ڳǱĶ棬ȻҲ˳ǱΪһ˿Ȼ
Ǳԣ˲ȻĿҲ˳ǱйҲЩȣˣѹΪչѸ٣֮⣬Ҳ̿йأֱϵϱˡ
˼֮ʱķźȻ򿪣һΡΡӰ߳
һ뷢԰׵ˣŹȣϴſۡ
ײһ۾ϳǼǰйķʿ
λϷҽ
ʱһϵɳơͳȴĳݣÿ˶ڶġ
ǿݵˣɱ촽ڿϡ
ˣҽ
仰ͣ˱˴˵Ķȭ
ҽ
ҽһνѸǹ˵ıΪ˾֪š
һϣ˵ͷһ֣ʾ˻Լ׵ĵذֱӹ
һأ¶˾Ŀȥֻλ޵ҽ壬Ƥͷһ˫۾ݣƤţѵſ
ˣһִĺ˵ĸоһ紵ܽһ㡣
ֻǣƤжʱâóǱһֱӵĸо䣬һǿ֣磡
ɾâһš
񿴹ȥʱĿֻһ˫ǵۡ
ǵȻΪԼղŸеǴҽãޣһûУǲ֡
Ȼ˵ǰײӦ춼Ե˼ǰˣĬ
ҽǵУĿתһһɨеһá֡
ڳǱʱеľâٴγ֣羪֣䡣
ڵ˶Ϊﻹзֲ˵ĵû˵ʲôֻӦϵıԲʡ
λӦþǳǱ˰ɣ֪һսȻķһϷ֪ʤǽҡ
ҽųǱȻֱӳǹ֮Ա
⻰һ˵˵ɫڵӦ죬ε϶¶һ˿ȻϾô˵Ǳζǽ˵̤ʯ˭޽١
ҽǰˣǰĽ֣ĳͶȡɣǸ׼ಫͲģˣҲûһ
ǱͷѣûԼʵʵ˵
Ȼսһ㣬˵ҪһȷʵѶȣӦ˶УԳǱֶΡϸҲ˽⣬Ǹ׼вͬ
عǫ䣬мһֻд衢ಫ׼һ˵棬ݣϣѹˣɱˣ˾ˣʷٱ¿ܡ
ҽ˵úһ˵һͣΡΡģﻰ⣬˶ԳǱͣ˿˵ˡ
ʵϣҲȷʵµˡ
Ӧ֮ⷬ󣬹ȻŭǣȴҷѣȲ˵ҽǱж󣬵˵ıְӦүү߽ʱҽѾˣһС㹦ʮٱҲһΡ
ҽ˵˼䣬Ȼһתٽһȷ˴ɽ֮е˳
⻰˵꣬˻ûع߳ҽӣÿ˶һ̡
ϴ赤͵Ϸͳļɡ


231 ı
ϴ赤
ϴ赤
ⵤҩ֣һɴ۾ײͻ˲Ҳ⡣
һֱֵĵȻصɮԣҲһȻʧȥƽɫ
ϴ赤ⵤҩĪǰϴ軻Ѫģ
Ǳ˱飬Ҳʶϴ赤Ĳʶޣ֪ϴ赤ɣҩϾܲһ롣
쾳ĵһ㣬ϴ軻ѪⵤҩΪϴ裬֮䣬ǲʲô
磬㲻֪ϴ赤
˲μ֮󣬶ԳǱòˣֻ˻һϲŭĵģǱ¶ɻ󣬾ͳ͡
ϴ赤Чãȷʵ쾳һ£԰̥ǣǶûʲô棬еЧֻ֮ϣǳˣǣѰڲ߳һţǱֱʮ
ţ˲뵽ʲôֲȻˣǱͺܸߣЩѾϴ軻Ѫߣٷϴ赤Чûôˡ
˵⣬͵͵һҽ·ǶԼŪΪеЩ˼
ӦˣԲٴɫҽǰǰǻ˲ӵˣҲ֮¡
ǷǱԣһҽ˹ȥ
ҵսһ㣬ʵΪֻǰ벽죬һ㣬ӦǻûпҽȥĪ⣬Ȼô˵ٽһĪָĲΪͻƵ죬ǳƶʮǣ
ʵϣԴӳǱԱԪͨζ֮͸Ѫ⣬ѾԼ˶ʮǵļޣֻȴû㹻Ĳ佫Ѫˡ
ңǱԼҲв²⣬ǲ佫ѪİҲˣڵҪĺһֱϵǵĻѪ
ͻ˶ʮ֮󣬳ǱżᷢƤ֮й⻪תϸ֮ʱԲ
ʻٶֻǴﵽʮǣҶģڲֻصͰǰ£սʤͨһߣ
ǱţƳӦһۣԱȣȻֵӦΪġ
ǡʱӦҲڿгŨŨĲʺͼ֮⡣
֮ǰ˽֣ӦδʹУȴʩչ˼޾ХɱǱǿѹ£ܴ졣
ڵʱǱ˶֮⣬ҪľԴǾ˿ֻ֪Ҫٴսͻµͻƣ
ǣΪҽͺ˯ͷ֮£ĻôɣңΪ׵ĵ֢ҽģڷҪңĵҩЯ󱲣
Ǳ䲻ϴ赤ľֵΧ˵ı˵һУ⼸ˣĸǸɵ֮ӣƽʱʲôĵҩûмһ֮⣬ɴ˿ɼһߡ
ǿ˳Ǳɻҽǲϵٴ𣺡ǣϷ˾ٲڡɽ֮շǳ¿ƾۼ˲֣ܷɹȡλܰﵽϷģҲΨλЩǰ֧ıꡣ
ҽ仰ǿ϶˵ʵӦɫ΢΢ת
ʱҽֻʵǳٰСʦӣаʥŮԼλ嶾̵СϷӦϣλʧ
ڳ֮ˣ˶У
Ǳɻ󲻼ʵʵĳ˴ǰΪⵤҩǡ
ϷλҽҽԴϵҷſģֻҪӦ˻Ϸǰɽ֮£ô۴гɹǻϷھͿӦ¸λºضҽΣҲҽϹ£ʳԡ
£ҽݣȻͲԣûطˡ
Ǳ۾ǰĿˣһֹ֮Уֻоһж̫˳ĵʲôط̫Ծ
ţˣҽ˵۳ɹҵǻ֤еԶԶ֮ǰеɱȣѵˣŻôźıꣿңҽŻٿͰѻ˵ôͨ͸ˣ񲻾ڶ
뵽ǱתˣǱ죬˼ʲô
ɮͻ˲ȴһںı顣
˲ҪɽУλϣԲЩҲɮǰҽᣬΪΣҲҽôĿģֻǿģȴֲ񡭡
Ǳ˼Ҳ˼
˼ȥ֮ǻͬҽ飬ǴΪҽ˼׼ڣȻΪҽЩǣӰ첢
ǱȻҲûоܾĵϴ赤˲˵ǰ棬Ƕ˵Ǽ£˽ʱղܿƣʱȫǣΪҪս
á
ҽӶԽ⣬ѵ̧һֻ֣һӣǼ̵ĵʱ˹һǰ֮˳ȥ
ǡ׵׵
Ӧ쿴ԼǰŵҩԳ֣ǿŻɫҩֹţǽԹĶҩΪ
ֹùˣ
ֻǣ˴ʱû˼ȥˣԿԼǰǸ̡
ɮϵĵȻ֮ɫɢһ֣еҩǵҩԲģаָͨɢŵĽɫâ
Ȼǻε󰡣⡭
ɮ۵ɵ͹ȫޣʾоȵ˺εȵز
ԣδؿϵһСƿӣƿڿţһ㲻Ʈɢ
ٻ¶ôһСƿİٻ¶Եʮ๦Ҳ˵ţ⻪лʢǧ졣
ԭںĻ˲ƣҲ
嶾ôĽᾧòɼٶ֭кͶٿŽⶾݣܳΰСһöָ״С͸ʯСͨ졣
ע⵽˵ı飬ǱȻ
ҽó˲˵ı˰Щ˶Ϊ֮񡭡
ĿתԶİײѾ˿е֪ײΪʵܸߣֻʵ䣬ǰ˽Ϊ
ҽͳĶֱӽײĽԣ̾ͻ뿪ɡȻҲһδظҵҽġ
ײıʱǱ۾
ֻײֽ̯ϵıϲź
Ȼǰ֧ı꣬ȻҩºõóΪֻǵ˵Ļԡ
ͷδ£ǱĶоͺȻһ֮
ϴ赤ϷرƣһЧʮڵĻϡ

仰ǱͫȻ
ʮǷǱǡ
ʮǣ


232 ƴ
ʮǣ
ǰǸװϴ赤Ĵƿͷ֮󣬳Ǳࡰ顱
ʮǣǸʲô
ǱڵΪǰ벽죬ŶʮǣѾܹԽһˣͽͣѹֵһ㣡
ʮǣóǱսٷһ
ȫѹһ룡
Ϊ㲢˽⣬ԳǱ޴ӹʮܷȼһߣǺʵǣڽ쾳֮ǰʹﵽʮʵĻ֮ʱϴ軻Ѫϴǻٴ
ʱ򡭡
Ǳһ룬͸еЩѪڣ޲̾һطϴ赤
ǣɳ嶯ȴӲѹ
ѹӦǼˣҽ֮󣬾ƣЩҩҪĶϴ赤ҵһ㡣
һˣǱתͷҽȥһɫ֮ࡣ
ղǾ仰ӦԴֱ֮Ҷеģֻǲ֪ǲҲ˵ƻţ
Ǳ뵽⣬Ȼͷһתһ
ҽղŽ;δ˽ȻеӶŵҩ˵֪ҵȸ裬ǰ׼Ͷá
Ǳ۾µʡ
ǣӦ켸˻˵⼸ǣ˲Ҳȴǽղų֣֮ǰԣ߽ⷿǰҽҲδңǰ׼ϴ赤ǡ
ǱǰҽܸоԷǿƺ޽ʵҲڹ۲Լ
ǣϴ赤Ҳǰõģԭûдңֱкʾˡʺϴҩ֮󣬲ʱı⡭ߣܹǽ
ڳǱ˼·ͬʱҲӼлָ˹ȻϻϲɫͬǣǺȻ˷ǴеնȻԶֻǵҩ֣ģܹ
ʱҽֳˣλ˳֮⣬õĵҩƷʺ̷£Ϊ֮ϷҪ֣û㹻ʱλҩǲȴϣȴ˽ᣬзá
˵׷׵ͷֻˡ
λõǣյҽûʲôӵģҲѾҪǵȻὫҽдϷӣԻš
Ҫ˵Ļ˵ˣҽ
Ӧ뿪֮ʱԵЩ㱡УֻгǱͰײ˸һ˿ǡ
ҽ˵˲ʺ̷õҩΪʱ䲻ҩ֮⣬˵ҲҪڴˣʱ̷Ǳһߣһ߻˼
¹ӣȰСһλҽƺܸȤ
ʱһԲĵȻ˳ǱĶУתͷİײӣ΢΢ȶûɢһߣֱǱĶС
֪ҽԸƧԽӽһ̬˵ڿύСΪ뱳һΣ֪ʵΪ͵ȴǵĵҩ¹ӣ㲻ô
Ŷ׹ҽж˽⣿
ǱײĻҲûпѹֱӾͳʣŮ˵ĻʶԷҲԼʵΪɼŮȻΪˣͼʶڡ
йԵˣߣͽˡײЦһҲߣȴûлشǱ⣬ȿǱüˣŵ֪ϸ絽Ǻһ
٣ֻ˵Ůˣúȥô浱Ҳ֪ͶЫǻ˵ĽôһԵĻ˲Ц˰ײĻ
СѾͷɱˣͬ˽ΪŮײЦݲ䣬˳Ǳһۣһζ񣬾·ҽת뿪
ǰ棬ӦҲ˲ͬ·
ҽȻİţҲͲ÷ԭסˣ뼸Ժڡ
ʵ˵࣬Ҳûֻ̫ǾҽܽݵĲͬ
Ǳͻ˲ҲҽһԺԺӲ䷿ĲþͲôˣ˲ڱԹ䣬ͳǱлԼķ䡣
ͳǱʵ죬֮һ𣬻ΪǴ˲Դ˺ûд͸֧飬ûųǱ
ҽԭǰ򵥣ֻһҽʦ
Լķ䣬Ǳϥϵİ̽һ飬Ȼڳ˼·
ⷬ潻̸ջܴ󣬵ܶĵطҲɻ󣬿ҪСһˡ
ղҽ뿪ʱѯ˳ǱΪҽʲô֢Ǳ㽫Լ׵˵˳ȥ
ҽϸ¼һŵϣȥ
ҽʼնûѯʹǼˣûЯҽֱӾͳ˵ҩֳŵ۳ɰܣҽΡȭŵ޴԰Ϊһҽϧ׷ɱˣɼҽĹضȻɭϣΪƫƴҵȣ
ǱţԽƴ
ΪǼ˵ʵӦòǣҽһ֪ƹٲʲôΪΪɽҪٿᡢۼ֣Ĺ̫֮ˣܵġ
ǱŶŪһҽԼϵЩ˵ġ˯ıʶ֮£֪ҽܲܵõҽΣֶԷȫһҽɿһĹ֮󣬳Ǳ˵ˡ
ŵҩ
ţִӻȡһƿοӣӴȥš
ڱǣ
ǿȻЩɷֲʶζУͿԷֱϴ赤沢ʲôжɷ֣Ҳûʲô֣ҽΪҪʾңأ
˼֮ʱԺȻϤ
ԭǳغļѹˣǱҲʱͷɻ߳⡣
ȻڴˣǴҽӵĿдģϣûӰϢ
ػһˬʵģѾǼл¶Ҫύģ
Ǳϲ˼Ӧ꣬ԸѾ
ؿ˳ǱɫǱص˼ȳǱͿͣ͵żͬ뿪ˡ
صǸ˾Ǳпһ䣬ת׼طɨ䣬Ժſˣлһˡ
ҷʦ壬ôҲӭȥ֮һ游Ĺŵӣҷ硣
ҷЦЦ⻰ӦŶ԰ɣչǲҰʦˣιҪҪһˡ
ǱţĿһת䵽˵ҷϡ
һӣͲüɢһɵȻʣһ޸֮
λףǵŵı㣬ҵʦܡҷҲ£ΪǱ


233 Ź
ԭ˵Ǻ游ֿ֮󣬾һֱȴҽٿ
ǱķУ˶̸Ǳ˵ҷһ֮˴ŵĸ
ˡҷͷβμҽᣬҪ㸸һҲʦ˼
ʦˣҸ׵飬ӵȥޣʦμӣףתΪҽΡǱ˵ʱƽ޲˵һƽ顣
ĻҷΨпЦ֪Ǳͳ¼֮ķԽԽֺϣ˵ٶ඼ûãҲͲپڴˣһת̸Եꡣ
ЩҹܲˣʦԺ֣ҽʦһΪһ顣
ҷ˵ţӻȡһŶʯСӡ
һ֣Ǳ۾졣
ڵƻӳ£ͨ巺ŽȻǽͣǱһ˿ز
ԣҪѵ񣿡
˼ţȻҲ͸ֳһĨɫҷ׿
ʦֶǷѾӵĲͬҷʵ
ʦ壬Ϊ죬ҴǰһöӵЩ֮Ǳ˵⻰ʱԺģ
ǿĦҵ챦ܸӵܸڲ̲Ħ񣬲ȴǱʶ˽ȥ
ŶʦֶƵӣ֪ںδ߾ʹϣܷóһۣǱĻһ׵Ȥѯʳ
ǿһԵɺ֮Ǳҡҡͷ
ź֮ɫ
ҷ״һȻʦֶƵӣٺòˣҲʡҽ鷳ʵӣǵŵԪǵ꿪ɽʦƣһʮţֻĿţž֮һ
ſɽʦƣ
Ǳһ㶡
˵һЩԼ游飬˵游ޱ֮ˣװ뵶ѧգʱڶǱɽ϶ȹġ
ŵҲ޵һɣʼһһʮǰЭΧɱħ̣ħ뺣ڱɽɽɣΪһʦһλҲ𱱵ءԭϧ֮󣬵˲ŵ㡢Ʋӣû䡣
ʮǰΪ𣬳佭ܵ׷һȷѪ֮󣬷еĹ£ҲΪۡ
ԪӣȻǵƣֻ֮ǳǱʡ
ӼȻĪǷõģǣѡ
Ԫôǽģܹʣ
˵еһزθǣʯľҲ壬ƷûʲôӪ̲صԪҲԶԶʳ򲻵ѣû˻Ϊʳ
ҷӶЦǵҷ翪ڽͣʦֶµòŽԪҪõģһٶŻʮżٵĿšⵤҩǵֻҩã
Ǳһ
ûҷͷԪһȥͿʣһ쳣ܹΪһĽ֮֮ڵ򰾣տɻΪɾͷޱȵĽԪ޼᲻ݣﲻƣ
ⷬǱһ£Ȼ̧ͷôʦչĿǡ
Ϊ˽ŽԪ㡣ҷ֣˵
ΪҪң˵͵ЩԨԴϾûпͷʦңԲ˳ǱûдӦǷ
ͷʦһԵЦɽŶȥʦ񶼱飬ﻹʲôԲ˳⵶ţǵӵĵά֣ѪУͶ˵ͳɢˡ
ⷬ˵úֱף˵ɵͳشСʦУҪͷʦڳԣڵĵѾľǵ꼸ԷΪ˸յ֮⣬ԼĹѪףɷ룬ܱ
ֻǣҲֻʱİˣһһĹȥм˼ǵõŵƣһеļûˣǵҲ׵׵ɢˡ
Ǳ˵ֻǵԪӦǽ֪ƷΣ֪ԵΪ⣬ἷѹһѭضģ㵽ѧĹһѭض޷תԵ֮ã
Ǳ޵ġֻؾĦѧȻùƣֻ۷壬֮ķ˽⣬λмƷƷڹ߳һΣֹһͻȷѪ꣬Ѫƴ
ڳǱڵʣҷ׵ҷֱӾʹʦֶ˵òһûҵܺͽԪ׵ڹķⲿķ֮Զ󣡡
ţǱԣɻ
ҷĻﻹڼʦֶҲƷѧĻ֣Ҳ˽в𣬵֪Ⲣǹޣ֮ϣŸƷĹ
ƷǱϱ
⻰һҷ׶һ¡
ԭʦֶҲѾӴһǼƷ
ҷ¶һ˿Ȼ֮ɫҵŵ棬ͻ켫ޣﵽһɲȵľ磬һ׾ͱⲿƺһ棬ϰܹ֮֮ơǹλмƷ
ơǱ۾Ʋֻ쾳߲ô
ԭʦֶⶼ֪ˡҷͷ⡮ơ߿ѨɢܣӰܣֱӸ磬ͨ߸ԴԼƷֳ֮Թƣ
ʦҪⲿƷңǱٴʳһ⡣
ҷɫΣ⹦ҵϣʦϣ֮ǰ͸¶Ҫڸ˼
ǾˣʦջԪǱҡҡͷ游Ǻ޲ýҰƤҸΪˣͱϳţҽһɳ¾һգǷ¸ڳ¸¸ȥˣҪ˵Ŵˡ
ҷ׶һۣϵӷϣȻʦֶҲȱžܾԪȴϣûн쾳ѡأǡͱ֪˿󣬿϶еĹҪ
䣬ױܸɴ뿪ִⲻԸǿŽԪ
뿪ǱϵĽԪ
еͬҲǼƷһõܿһƷףѵΪһϳһ
ҡҡͷ
ҲգʦƺţǼ⣬Ҹʱ佫Ԫٺú˵ɣҪģȰı仯ҲӦɽ֮С
һ仰£Ǳһ䵽ϣϥĿ
֮ǰʶдһ죬ϲĻʶڶ㣬Ѿ˺ܾã֪Σ̤ܲϵ߼̨ףһ㣡


234 ȭǧ٣ֻһ
ʶڶ㡣
Ǳʶվ߼̨ǰ̧ͷһ̨ס
̨ϵĹȫˡ
Ŀȥǰ̨ϣͺͺģûκ谭
߼̨׵ǰֱһƯϣÿһţǱһй仯һ񣬾ԼʮٱЧǷ
Ȼȫ顣
죬ҵһһŵ֮ҲĴһʶʶʶʶʶʶʶԱǿʶȻ
Ǳţӣһ̨̤ףʰϡ
ĲͻȻϾԴǴ־˴ʶĹ֮µžԵô֮ܶ࣬ǰʶ˵ĽΪɣ⼸Ҳе֪ԽУӦþס
ͷתţǱһһ̤ȥӽ˵߼̨ס
ңνĹֻͣЩѾȥ׷ҲǶ࣬˳Ȼ
ͷδ֮ʱṳ̋˵̨߲ף
䣡
Ȼһ
ⲢҲܵǽ𣬶ǳǱĸй𶯣
ţΧ಻ĿֲϢХ
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ʱһ̤ϵ߼̨ףХһ񱩵ķʽųǱȭ⡢ġ
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γѣСһţҪС
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Ǳ
ҪѿڶļУΪһ֡
ţĿע£ǱȻֻͣΪȴСǾԳƺݺײһ
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Уӿɳ
ǾԳȻܲסǱһƣͷ󵹣
þĵɴ۾̧졣
֣ͷԳԶʡˡ
ԶӦ
ǱҲػһܣ嵽ľԳԣһץסԷβͣһһ

űرˮơһķ
ɢ̳Ʈ𣬳ǱȻžԳӴֱӳ
꣡꣡꣡
ľ
⡭һĻӦ졢ε˶һ


238 쾧
͵սʽ
ųǱȥķ򣬰ײֹš
仰ȻҲõ˵ͬ
ӦıЩȻƺҲǱսһ¡
ǾԳӴֱۿȥִޱȣղŻ˫ۡ˺˵ʱչֳ˾˵
Ӧ˾ܹһΪҪ;ԳսҲܺͶԷӲӲײޱƴ飬ǲģֻ̫ᾡԾʽȥԷıɱ˶Է
ǳǱղžȻȭƶԺ䣬·磬ҿӣѹ˶Է
һȥӴľԳȻһץβֱͣӾ͸ˣȥ磡
ɱʲôʽҪġ
ΧҲóǱӢ׺
ңǱһ£ھԳ֮ʱͦ˵ĸоھˡ塣
ڳ֮˶ˣ±ͽһ塱֣ǱⷬٶǡҪּ˵𶯺ܴ
֮ǰսʤӦˣչֳǸ߳ΪֳҹֵǼʯ־£ͦǹ᳹˽塣
Ǳ˵ĸоڲϵı仯ʵ
ӦҲɱ仯ɫЩѿ
ָӶ飬нֹȻϡָȨҲ˲ˣλᣬһֵģҲûԸ
ˣҪˣͳһʧ㸺Աߣ͵񣬺ǵ˵Ҫᡣ
ջ˼Ӧ֪ڲǷʱ򣬿ʼ´
ǷԸ£Ȼתκɮ˵λѽԳߣһ˲ǾԳĶ֣ղǽ͵ϮһʱռϷ磬һȻڲ²˳٣ǻǸϽȥ֧Ԯɡ
˵úȻ䲻󣬵Χ֮ڵ˶
Ϊ˵ǱͦӰ죬Ӧⷬ棬˳ǱʵѹԳս˵͵ϮãһﴫԻһЩ˶ԳǱ֪ƫ
⻰һ˵ӦͱڳǱܾԳ֮ǰ˵ȻΧǳǱս˾ԳŴܴ
ǾԳƤǿǱȡϷ磬ҪսʤһʱҲֻҪļʱ飬мӷ֣
Ӧͷû£ײͳʾ
֪Źδģ¹ȥķǲڣֻԳ䣬ӦҲǲ£ѵŹӲὫǲݸô
ײ˵ֻܵͣӦĽ飬ȴҪ
Ӧڲ̫˸ȥǰײһƣļƻˡ
޺޵ص˰ײһۣӦ쳤һѹŭ⣬ֲŮѣֻʱͬҽУҪΪƽƽ
䣬תԼ½䣬ȥټ˳ڣͬǰ
Źټְɣȥ¹һ֮ˡ
һߣײЦһһڿն𣬰׷ɴƮתʮ⣬֡
μ״Ҳȥţɮһţಽ
ӦһĻɫԽٵҲΧǲ˳ӵأкһ뿪
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£һɢͷĵӾš
Ӧ󣬺һȺ˸ȥʮˡ
Եոӹһٵÿ֣ԥһ£һҧҲ롣
ȺУҷ׶һۣͬȥ

꣡꣡꣡
Գһ·קţǰ;ľӴһײ̾Ͷѡ㵹
˵Ҳ֣Ǳһ··ïܣΪ߹ԵʣЩľֽеִ󵽼˺ϱĳ̶ȡ
ǰЩľȴϸƷһײۡ
ԳǱץβͣһһ·קңֻҪ֫жǱֱ۾ͻᶶһ£ĹؽڶĦȣʧȥþԳ־ŭ
ŭ𽥽ӣֻͭֳ֮ɫǷףھԳڣһɹɵľ׵βϻۡ

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ͻȻ޴˱һ壬ƾͱſˣѪпܱ졢˺ѡ
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ԳҲŵβͣǱǱָյ죬Ĺˣ
𣡣
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糱ƶ
Ǳ׵壬ȴɫ䣬ƾԳ׺ݣжҲһ˿һĳɺη塣
һն˾ԳβеĹǽڣǱҲٱܣһͣһգѸԳӴӸصˤڵϡ
¡һԳŭʢԴȴκģһģδָӾ͸еǰһĿڴһ˿ʹ

촫
Ǳһ㶣һѽԳˤڵϣʹ󳶳ֻصȻһԾԳĿڣԾԳṹ˽⣬ǱѰѭҵԷ׼ȷλá
û뵽һȥʲôӲײ
ʲô
ǱͷתûͣǾԳ౻̣ʹ֮£ﻹвĵֻӴѴ˹뽫ǱɲӬһֱı⣡
ৣৣ
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Գֻ۰ϣ
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Ǳϵбۣһ­˶Էŷֻ֣صĵϣ֪ʱһ
һѪɫġƴСĶᾧ塣
ᾧֻصĵ̴ճ档
ǸղŲԳʱֻصײĶĿһתǱע⵽˾Գǰ˿ڣ˿ЩӦǳ鵶ʱ򣬽ᾧҲһ˳
ȡ½ᾧҽ͵һ̧һ壡
³һɼ򵥵ӽŵ͸ԳĽƤอŰ𵴣λеֱ顣
໣
ԳһӾҵزš
Ժɫᾧ󣬳Ǳ͸еԳľί٣ڵľԵ˥ˣһһӴڣȻᣬȫΣϢٵ䡣
Žᾧ棬̲ž˵ѪһߣǱֽӴɫᾧ̴֮ȵӴޱȣ
ǡʱȸİײɮδд˳Ǳߵ龰ͣ˽Ų
ӳǱץžԳ뿪ڣһֻȥʮϢʱѣѾ
жоȡ


239 ±ߣս
ײǰŸյӦű׷ǰģפ㲻ǰİײˣԶĳǱһԵֻӴֱۡ
ǱĽ£ֻԳѾûϢһֳֵһֻϣһѪɫľš
Ŷ೤ʱ䣡ԳѾɵأ
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Īҵпǣ޵У
ӦﷺͷȻ֪ĸǰӥ֮ʱǱֻʱƶ˵û·ŤŵĳǱ
пǡ޵Ҳ޷ˣ޷յģӦв֮ˣȫҪɱѿ֮У
ʱӦһƬ֮ԭǸȺˣԳϢ٣û˶˼ˣǰ̽顣
⼸УгǱʦҷ磬Լڵס
߹˵ľԳǾһȻ˽ǱĿ֮ǰȣִвͬ
ҲǴˣǰһĻվλ飬ﻹӦ˻ûü֣ǱѾԳŵ׻ˣ
ҷǰͳǱ̸ȥ֪ͨ׺ԱЩˣȻһȡ
ЩӦ챣ּĬȲ޳ǱҲ̸۾Գ֮£˲µ
ʮˣΪ͵Ķз̥۷壬˷ǰΪǲݡ
˵ͣʵҲְֻ̽ǣǱϾˣֲǾ飬ôϸ֣ӦһҲ죬Ϊг
ʵϣ̽飬±ϵĴơΣȻǲǰԽԱʧһȫΧ
Ӧ˵Щ˶ûд˳İףȻûбҪϧ÷˼н·ߺͳ˺·
˳ڣȻһ󣬵ǰ˲̽·ڻҡԣ򵥽䣬Ӧһӣһȥ̽·
ųǱ˹ȥȭֺ֪Ұɱˣ޴󰭣СǰǴ£ҵι׼˳㽫ҽ֮°ס
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Ǳ΢΢üɻ󣬲ϣǵͷٰģĳް
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ӦҲǾ棬Լ˵ƷûóȻѯʣҲ˵תߴ֮ˡ
棬ҲмûУǰͳǱкû뵽Ӧ´ߵļûͱţ˳ˣȥ
οһ۳ǱҲ󣬵뿪
ײȻһЦƮȻһӣϣƻʵԶȥ
棬ɮ߹ҪǱһɱ࣬ҵ̽Щʱ˵䣬Ǳ͵ҷ˶⣬Ҳգҡҡͷ̾Ϣȥ
Ǳʱ͵ҷ˽ףλʦ壬鲢򵥣ҽҲֻشδмҽģ·̫֮࣬ԤУвɲȵΣ٣λȻط
ҽȻûôģֻ֪ǰɽΪӦòʲôè壬ҲǴºóҷЦ
ôǱҡҡͷ
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ЩǱ۾
ʱ׿ڵǱʦֶ֪뷨ʹ֪ɽлƫɽУҲϰ˲ΣƴɱôȰҺ͵ʦȥԼȻȥǿû
˵Цִһ˦㺮âһȣƹǱС
Ӻ濴ȥ۵һ̽ɽ
Ǳ׵Ļһͷ
̫ˣСλʦ塣˵ţ˵ҷһۣ¶Цݡ
ӣɲҵҷ硣
ţͬʱһӰ˸ת׷˵ȶеס
һѸӹּ䣬Ųҽдķȥ
ɳɳɳ
ǰ֦ҶϺƣ˽ӽĿĵء
ͻȻ

֦Ҷһգ˳֣û֦Ҷڵʱǿ
ﾹһƬյأûֳľڣ¶֮¡
ԶһƬƬֲҡҷ̵̱ģ㣬ģǱ˾Ĵһ㣬ɲ
һǲˡ
Զһ͵¡
ʱһֻ޴īӥ
Զ֮⣬һƬĸɽƣɽ粨˰㲨Ĵ֣ԶԶ쿪ȥһͷ
񷣬ɽ紵ֶ
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һһֻۣ߰˼ͬıУ̣ǽǵǱޡǹƫƫ⼸ѱеϡ
±߶ţһ·īӥҲ޶ãһ裬ڹԵһץȻת۷֮¡
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ǵǰһһӴӰ
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趯Ķ̣ߴ̴Ǻ«һĴһ
Ӵǣ
磬߰߼䴩Ȼͣһ˻Ҫѹһˣһţ˺һѪ⣡

ƵӴҰޣмֻʮ߷ָɼ֣ΪսԡѪ顣
Ӧ졢ײκɮҲԱһֻ޲ס֧Ԯ
ⳡ滹ǿֲȴѪˡҷ翴ǰһĻ˸ɡ
Ϲ˻ʣ˹Ͷ޾սҰѪײԱʥͣȴЧˣѰϹһԸ״Цûһ˿־֮ɫһڣѳ
ҷһһһϢĳ˫ϣһӣҲ˳ȥ
Ǳ±ջĿ⣬ɨһ۱̲
Щؾǲˣ޶˲ݶݵҩҲδ̫Եˡ
ͷ£һѳֻѸޱȵǸǰ
ǸҪ˵һˣȻǰһһˣ룬һţ
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䣡
䲻ģǱһ಻ϢХɢ
ѣʵǣͣϢ
սսս
һǿҵȭҲ֮ɨܡ
Ǳ˱仯֮ǰ࣬ҸӺʵȣ
ںһֻβİײɫһ䣬ɻ
첻׳ʵֵزȳ๦Ҫԣû쾳ôģѵоΪĥȭ⡢־


240 
Ȼû˰Ǳĥ־ʶڣһ˶԰ٶֲͬȭ⣬رģҡƾĦҲԸǡ棬ּֿɱȵĴĥҪǿң׳ҲžЧ
ǱһֻǾߡ֪İײҲе
УεķӦֻɫһ죬ǰ˴ȸȻһȻһɣֱɳ߰ɣײһ͹ʯϣʯ飡
һӳɶ֣ûȥ۲սһȻתͷǱ˹ȥ
±ϾˣҲӰ죬תͷųǱڵķȥһתͷͽչ¶С
ǰ֮ˣȻͳǱ֮ԵĽڴˣʮߡ
һˣ˫üޣۣǹһĨаЦݡ
Ӧ졢ɮڹ۲ųǱиͷ
ʱΪߵĽ㣬ǱȴǽһӰʧԭء
ԭֻǱǱȭһ壬˿η壬֫һţȻѸȥѵⱼӵķ򣬾ȻǳһȺߣ
Ⱥߵ࣬ȻΪһǿֵֻ׺ݡа˸ߵɽ
ɽָ׷󣬿ܱȺ߳ܣûУҲһ
ڣһת۽ߣ֫һţ˻⣬צȾѪȣһײ֮δȺ߾Ѿ
ʱǵԣһɫӰ˸֣

ֻصһ䡣
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ڡ
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๾࣡
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ΪǵͻֺЩʧ񡣱ֻɽ￴ӵϣצһ٣ҪΪ׵˸ʬ
ʱ򣬳Ǳһɽ

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һƽֻޣǱҲߵľ;ηһţ缲ֱԶֻ޴ߡ
߼ǱܵǱϵս⡢ȭ⡢ҲС˻˻죬£ѣӭ˹
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Ǳ۾һУԪζԲתȻӿ֣һ·ֱ֡
϶ʱ͸Ƥǣӿֻص֮ڣ

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ƼٱƽʱûģΪλ
й˼ɣӦҲͲȥкˣϾ֮ǰ˳Ǳʱ𣬵ڶû⣬¿ӻҪ񻯣˵ǱС䣬ȫǰӦ쵱̤ʯһ·ġ
ˣˣQ˶೤ʱˣһҽУӦҪƶȴʲôµģʦǹСˣ˳ɼ
Ӧ컹ţԶУȻһ󼲷紵Ϣ
Զתۼ

Ǳ٣ƬƬֵ
ȣȣȣ
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䣡䣡䣡
濪ʼʯ
ô£
ǱȻһΣ֮ĸоҪݾٲ
һתͷȥ
ֻУһӰţϮ֮ݷ


241 ǣ

ȺϮҽʱָƽ
īӥ;Գ뿪ǽľһ𣬻֮໥ȰοԹľ
Ҳ߱ȥҽҽΣ̧߱һԱһߵǰѡ
һжɵؽţӦָߣû̫Ӱ졣
ı꣬Ȼһʼﲻ׼īӥϮУŹһǾˣ䲻һÿīӥ˻ʱһ谭¼ˡ
мѵߣǰл
Ҳһһܵ
ʣûпһװŮӣôߡʱԶһĽ˶Ĵѯţϱ齹̿֡
꿴ץ˾ʣķߵӣҡҡͷ
ÿһͻͬĲҾ磬ǡţôͻȻˣпȻеܿ£ԱߣһƮ
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þȵģ˴磬Լ˫ȡ
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ļٺУϷ徲õ
仰ӻ³Ұ纵ؾףԶԶĴ˳ȥ


250 Ǳ󡭡
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ϣһߣֻҪֲûӼģܹ֮ơͲô׽еˣҪһЩ飬Դвſԡ
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ΣҲҪȷ˳ǱݲУ˵ʦôȥǡݵʿʦ˾


251 Ǳǿ
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ˣǳǱƽᣬͽС˵ţӻȡһĲӡ
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ϧϧΪܽ뿪֮أ߲㣬û뵽ƻûûչزۡ
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üһƣȻӲͦôãһ·̬糣ǡ۽Ƕɫ֪ˣΪСֻƤˣû뵽อˣ־֧šԷ֮ǰ־ǱܣֱӾˣ
ɭһɽ֮ڣ˫ϥϵߣΪǱˣһҪʱ;Ĳ
ԭΪǱ̬糣˵ǱĿģ׹µʱ򣬱ұϵ֦Ҷ˫ͷİ棬Ӧò̫ء
ϸϸ̽飬֪ǱڵĹѺۣҲλƣˣ
ԭˣԭˣڵӴ쳣ȻڻƣȻ֧Ųо־ᶨ˲ͷҡһҡͻᷢһ˯ҲѲˡ
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һǣһƤźʱߵ֪ǱȻص˵زҲǳһ
ǰҽΣʵ
ҽΣϷֲҽʦҽΣ


252 ͽ
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ˣСӣסЩ˾ţڻָ֮ʱʩУȥ䡢ĥѹǣ
˵ţӺڿնһתյһ˫ƿĻ紩һ㣬ϵڳǱϣһմգϴľȴƤóǱһһ˿ů⣬Ȼûмʹȴֽ͡
Ʈ˫ӰĻһֽǱ˷תĴ򣬾ôһأԼĪһٷĹ򣬷֣һƮصϡ
ΣǲǵסԾֱӡϣʡȥͷԼ䣬ӦòѣΣܼܿ
˵ţ룬ˣڲҷҪͷѣƲתԱĿ˯ţø㡭
ءǱ־ֲ֧ߣȻ࣬ĥܴĥȭ⡣
ĥȭ⣿
ȻҲԣȻȭǸǳȭȻͣǵ̲㣬޷־ãĥһҲãһֵܼʲôʱɣȵ˼ޣϷǷӣ


253 ʯ
Ǳ侢仯ͽǹ˾żС
ˣʶĶȭ⣬ͷȫ´ȥߴٹѪָ
ȭ͸ȴҲƶӦĴԾͨĥ
ҲƶǱңʱľʱ޷ƿأֻ΢Էอ
򣬱һЩΪԭڣ˼ĥԼȻܽԽĺܸıʣﵽĳ̶ȡ
ǱԼĥ׺ͼ⡢ѪͣӶĳ̶ֳ˵ǸıѪʡ
Щ֮ҪԪ䣬Ѫ֮ڣ֧סϵľұ仯
ڳǱȻอƤˣȴȱԪǲݵԴѪɫᾧѪԴԴϵתΪѪ֮
ǣͷȭⵯṇ̀ǼΪķģûƵˣҪйҲҪѭ򽥽ʱϢ
Ǳȴûа취ȥϢģΪһ˯ʶһи˵ƴˣ˶Ҫƣ룬קţ볤ߣҲ
ֻڱʶٵͬʱһִֽķʽȭȥ´ÿһƣ룬ڰٵıԵ
һʶɢв£Ǳ־ֻвϵǿȣܲߡ
ȭ⡢ͬѪ壬ЩȡԪȫһ˵ģֻҪԼܼ֣ᶨʶȻ棬
˾Ƶ飬һЩ־ᶨˣࡢʶǻɢԽΪ
ͬ־߱һͣһ塣
ЩǱȻ֪־Ҳûоɱ䣬㲻־ᶨĳ̶ȴضá
ߵı⣬ΪǱҲּܼʱѡ
ϾһܵˣϢָأҪȥǿٿؾǺĿܡ
ţС־ᶨȰҲδýȥԣҲǶһĥȵˣˣٽҩŵסܹ˯ˣˣȥ
ߵĴ㣬ķӣǰһĲҩĲݡڳǱǱʶ³٣ܰ˯һϢһӣȶˣΣգҲͲҪҩĸˡ
һʱȥˡ
ӣСӦǿ쵽ˡ
ʱעųǱֳǱ۾Ѿгһ죬֪ǿҪﾫ޵ı֣ȡ˼ɿݵĲݹ׼
һǱϵϢɢˣǾʹʶн٣Ǹʱ򣬾Ҫҩŵ񰲻ꡣ
ʱȥˡ
ţЩҵˣȻӲͦڣҲˣ˵ǿҲȻɣˣֺϵģ־ټᶨҲûá
ʱѾû˴֮ɫضųǱһ춯̾ͻǰ
ʱȥˡ
ӦðʱȥˣʲôܳôãңСӾûֹͣ˾йеѾȫɢϵɫ֮ɫˣôܳôã
ѾЩˣһһ̽ųǱϢ仯
ϵϢ΢ȴƽȣѴＫˣ־֧ţּ͵ľͷͲһеģֻЩˣѹ֮ǰ£ܲǿԵʣҲΪ־ļᶨ
ʮʱȥˣ

žĶѨУһ죬Եø̶
ǳǱڴѪʱ졣
߿ųǱӣĳأԣҲʶ죬һ˫ڰ׷ӽųǱ沼Ѫ˿
ʮʱһҲûϢ
ǵ͹СӵִˣǾʲô飬ܼᶨֵزѵصֲźģţҡҡͷȥˣСӵϢʶδĥ𣬷ˡ
ǿнĲݷŵ˯ȥҪͷһλԵǲŽȥСȥȻǣˣкã
ţ¶֮ɫճ̾һ
Щ۷ǿߣһɳʺͼ֮⣬ҲҪһЩԵԵɺϣܳɾ۷壬ϷҲһ۷֮ˣֻǡ
ֻǣѪȴϷҰ
̾ϢϣһתȻŶѨȥ
ĶȻãһҪ
СѾͷϷ򣬲ȻƨɣߵĻһŭ֮⣬תۣӰû˶ӰУܿٴγ֣̯֣ƯһСָ״С
ȥһСɫʯͷ
ҲóѯʣߵǱǰ˿ϵһСʯͷ¶ʹ֮ɫ
һ갡һôһС飬Ϸ򸶳ôĴۣСӿɵøʡŵá˵ţһǿСʯͷųǱĶͷƮȥ
ʱ
ǱʶһƬãȫһֽܵķʽ֧ʶԸ˯ȥңʶЩҲһԵʽϴݵָһ
ãã˼ֻʣ¼֡
ʶһң·һͻ᳹ױϣ
ڳǱʶʶ΢΢š
˫ͷһսʶãʶרעڣ޷УûгǱֹҲﲻæ£Ǳ־ȭ⣬ȥߴĥǣʶҲ˷䡣
ʲôʱʶ©ϣй͸һЩģӰ͸ת飬Ϊǵ㣬˳Ǳʶȭ⡣
ǱʶͣͣҲԼе񽥽ЩʲôһЩĵһĪо·ܶ⣬׾ٵĿˡ
ʱ
ů
һůⶸȻ֡
ůͻȻԵ͸ΪůůķΣʶȾֻõĸо
ǽȪڣů
Ǳľůò£Ȼָԣů·ֻǽǸҰס΢΢ɳڣҲڱϡ
֧ԮǱǽհ׵ʶҲعգã
ů⣬ڲȻ䣬ųǱѪȭ⡢ںϡĥʶУЩʶ͸ģӰҲʼһһ뵽ȭ֮С
䶯ʵǱǡǿȣһһš
ܼӡ
ܶУ߿ųǱͷǿѸСʯ飬üƤֵ


254 ǰȭ
š˺ѣѪӵ˺ѵĴϣѵĴѸٻָøӼͣٴξҵѷ졭
ܾ𶯡ѺۣѪܶѷ켲Ħֺϡ
ˣܶʼ
ǱڵĴ͹ϵˣֱѪչ̶Ƶʱһһ㣬һһΣƴһ㣬ǱĹʹǿʹ㣬˿˿⻪һǿС
񣬾ǱñߴɽѾ졣
ǱʼձѣաͽǹķŴ
׷δģݹǱľȻѾתϾδЩˡ
Ծ书ֱչֳǱͷⲿĲ𾢣̶մ졣
ǣɾǣǱˣÿһΣԸеƤǿδⲻ˼顣ţһ㶼ǿʼʱЧʱƣͣͽǹЧûмͣ
ǱţͷͻȻһʹֹͣ˹
ǵһգ־֣ߴѪϣǻָķ˺ܴľȴҲͦΣգʶڳ߳٣ڶգҲعڱ״̬
ֽȣʵզֻ࣬Ѿʶ˳Ǳ;Ȼȣȴûоò˼顣
֮󣬳Ǳǳ״׹µΣĿܣֻҪˡ
ǱǸӣȽŲ㣬ȴɱѣȥϰԼķţͶͽǹ໥ӡ֤ӻʩչҲЩջŶ֮ǰкת̧ܹ¡
ƽ˴Ǳһֽ̧ͷϵһʯӶ
ʯӶ߽ģǱļǵãڵݹʱϱǶôѿһֱšڶţڶš
ǱܹߵʹʯӶȥ򵥣ȴ쳣棬ѪƮ𣬵ڶͷϣȴκα仯ͷųһɹůڡ
ʯӶ֮ǰǱʱʶڵůԴ
ůЧǷܹģָ׳ȭ⣬ߵ˵⻹ãֻǸʯӶãҪȳǱľﵽһ̶ȵʱ򣬲ֳ
ȻڵЧ˵ǱѾǳˣܹͦȭʵʯӶû
һֱǱǽڱԪĻϵģкôҲл
УҪһ㣬ֻȭ⡣
ȭһ֣Ƕȭ⣬ֻЩгתΪȭ⣬˵ƣġ
ǱΣмǱġ塢һԹõ࣬סص㣬ɱȭ⡣
뽣ʮ߶֮ʱԵֱӦһսȭĴ̼Ǳڽҿɴ¶ȭⱾʣֻǣڱԪʵ
ʵҲ⣬ΪǱΪǰ벽졣
벽ֵܹزôǰ;ˡ
˵ʵһһС۵Ҳǿδڵ£㲻ϳ͡
ǱģҲһʱĳɰܵʧǲϵ׷߷塣
ֹ֮󣬳Ǳ˼һЩ⣬ҪĳѧɡƷζϸ΢δüʩУͻ˫ͷͬھ
û뵽֮Уȴٴθ˻ᣬһΣνʱ˺͡
翴ǱϵʱжϣƧŵܶߣһ쳣ḻߡ
дߣֻҪܾһľûᡣ
ң֮⣬Ǳ
ȣежЩģģĸǰһЩϵţĪİ£ӭж⡣
ΣɫʯӶ
ʯӶ֣ʯܹģʱϣܶԳ֮⣬ãԳǱ˵ģǰȭ⡢
Ǳȭ⣬ʮʱıУǴӱԪϽ˳ġ
ȭԴԱԪԪ׳׳ȭҲӦֻ׳ҲȭⱾ
μ֡ĥ£ȭѳͳǱΪһ壬ʯֺʶϵķ϶ӽֻ֮ҪʵᶨȭͻԽʵǿ
ʯǱѹֲʣһڵĹ⾭һѻָ˼򵥵жӣһʯ룬һץóһ⣬
żǴ⣬ζ£ûһ˿һҧ⻬Ǵ֭࣬֭ʣ˳£Ͳ塣
СѾͷû˵ˣ
һԣߵ̾ҲŸʯ룬׽ţϽһǴ⣬϶ǳı顣
һڣ졣
һ㣬ˣ
һ˵ţһߴӵƴοڣ๾ࡱĹ˼ڡ
գգ븹˲˲죬ߺл䡣
ǰĴϲԣĲ˵ζ㣬ΰ̫֣ҪѺô󾢲ͿãһȣЩĵζֻܼ֣ʵ˷ѣ
ߵĻѨһǣڵĻѺ͹ưûӦ¶һ˿ʡ
֣㹻ˣ㹻ˣöһԾͳҪѭ򽥽˵ţһɨգ촽ֺǺǣһڵϡ
ʱ򣬳ǱҲϵʳˣҲ˳£Ҫ
ˣ˵СӣҲ̫ڿ˵㣬׹Ȼܹ¹̲ôһζĿޣҲǸͷ򲻴ﰡ
ע⵽˳ǱĶԴһת˹ȥеǲǸеͷдʹͶˣ׹޲ֵȥҲڿ쵽ֵزοˣŵĺá
ǰ˵ǣȷʵǱ룬ͷҾȻƷƷȻ̽һµΡ
⻹࣬ӿɽҲҲͷ¶Цݡ
Աߣò;ߵúȻ˵СŮЩ棬ǰЩǴģ
ЦЦ֪ҪʣЩϷģȻҲԼģɭֹΣգÿҲвУЩţϷԴ
ŵͷ״ƲʵŶǰ˺ܾˣΪҪһ˶֮У


255 Ǭ
ϷĻ٣
õѯʣߺٺһЦ
ʱ򣬳Ǳ룬ҲǸһ䣬ҲȦˣǰգºݳǱ֪ǰγƺ
Ǳ⻰һ˵÷סˡ
˳ǱĻҡҡͷٳĬ΢΢̾˿ôҲ֮ءϷôϷԸ˵˵壬Ϸ޸ƼﹶӲдΪֻǱ𣬲
˵ڰ֣İɣҾȳǱҪϷ򱨳𣬶飬ҪЭһ飬򲻵ѣܼˣ
˵ţע⵽еĺ֮ɫ̾˿ҲգҲգԺͽͷɣ˵Ц󷽣Ϸˡ
Գͷ˵꣬ԵЩɺ˫ڵһģԾ䵽һһ̣
ü״Ҳ֪þգ͵͵˳ǱһۣߵһԣʼǱ
ǱֻǸżƤ¶˫ۺͰţŹ󣬷ֲһ齡˶ļ顣
ΪǲݵѪɫᾧѪǱǱǣʹɽϵײҵأƤͣûʲôԵ˿ڣƶ֮£อǡ
Ǳѯݣͷ䣬Ҳ׷ʣ۾ҲҲ˾ֻǾģʶ̽顢ÿһƷζѪϸ΢仯
ѨУһʱ밲
ͻȻ
۵
һƷص죬һ
ԭյ۵ʱ򣬲Сһ˵ϡ
ţʲô
֣صƷֱĿȥһССƣΣͨڡ
÷ۣûʲôͽƷһԣʰ䲻ģ߷綯һӰһԾͶһˡ
ʶľһȥŷ֣˾ͷ
ǰôҲ˵һͻȻϢģ͹һ磬ⲻǴôԹ
СѾͷҪ˵ʲô磿ϷûͷƲصĻа˿飬Ѿָ糣ҲõСֹƷǿɫСƣҴţĩ˻ǰϸϸĶʱ䣬ųһ
кЩûˣû뵽СﾹȻһ顣
ͷתͷתͷǱ
Сϵĺöٰ֮ǰǰƵϷҲΪѰ֮㱻ָ¼챻Сռˡ
ţƺʲô
СѾͷǱСӲʦУѧûѧȫôõЩģţ˵Щ츳֮ˣ·ܼϹҲܾͳɾطĪСӡҲԣͱͬھˣҲϷˡ
һˣͷһתͷƷĳǱСӣǴӺδģ
Ǳ۾˹ȥͷŵǿӣصһҵϵõġ˵Ĳ࣬͸¶ϢѾ㹻
ԭˣҾ˵ͣҲ쵽ƣҲǵ˵ġͷͷ֪ƴʲô
֪ǱʵĽǰߣҪԼˣҲȦӣǰܹ֪һ
ţ֪Ҳԣܴϣ֤Ҳע⵽ⶫˣҲգﶼôˣϷԾͺװɣţͷ˵ţƵһһɫâ
ţ壡âǱһĪ򣬸ֳ
ǺȻһ
ֱƣ
۵
ۣۣۣ
ܻǷ죬žҲεϣһϸСߣƱ渡ֳĺâɢ
Ȼ񣡡
Ǳһ
գеõƣ֮Ϊйز˷һ㣬ºǲȴɢ״ǱԴҲУҲͲٹעһֱϡ
ڣͷϣܵײɽٴɢҸԡңϺâƮ𣬻ΪһϸСĺɫն棬໥һַ
׭飡
Ȼһöö׭֣һһеģֻʱ΢΢
һĻǱ˲ģʱ飬ĵ£Ҳǳֳģô
ֳģֻؾķţѵɫ棬Ҳһ
Ǳͷո£ͷҡͷ̾Ϣһ䣺ϧϧ⹦ѱѧȥ޷һӡҪԼС
һתͷͷע⵽ǱĿ⣬Цôһ򡣡һ֣ɫ˹ȥ
źɫƵķɶЩɫɵ׭Ȼ飬ΪһɫҲƶȥ
ǱƣЩɫҲͣǰϷѸٲֻܿٴγһ֡
һУα񲻱䣬ֻҪϸϸ̽飬ǱҲܿ׭еĺ塣
УΪ֭Һ۶壬ϣɾϱ壬ɻΪ˼ˣǿΪ;
ǱתһɨкУΪ䣬ֳַʶʶɡ
Ѩһߣÿ״ûôȣ¶ɻתͷͷʵǰصĹǶӡڹۿߵԺôһ㿴һ飬͵ھʮˣһȴûӡ¹ӵУ
üһļҵѾͷЩ鶼֪ÿζӡĵĹƳɲ򵥣ôĿ·һ㳣ͷһ䣬ãϱ졣
ûУûУҲ˵ġðڰ֡
ʼˣ̫ƽʢˣͷҡҡͷܹ񣬿ֻеһ֮ˣܵӡУˣûඡ
ף
ͷĻ䣬ʯ̨ϵĳǱȻһ
ǣ
Ǳͫ׽ֵС
ݺᱱءԭħ̣һ·ֱ̤񡭡
ԽģóȻᾧͷ־κ֮࣬󣬱ԳѪⷴɣѹȴͽ񲣬սǰѰ֮δ³
ڹ۱иУͱһԽԪڱ֮ԭɴﲻ˼֮ս
Ǿʹʧδźڴ֮ڣ˵֮ϰ֮󣬿ɴڵź󱲣Ȫ֮²ʤм
ţ


256 
Ǳضļ֣
;ͱԪ񾳡Ѫⷴɡšţ
ԣҴδֻǴĵĿǡ
ʦ棡
ڵţǱȻİڼǰŵӽ̸ʦ塣Ǳ游ǵ֮佭ĩӣܻԭĹ켣ǱҲҪ뵶ŵ֮ڡ
ǵҲǰٶǰΪϻѶϢսսʲôʲôԣӦǵΪ̤˲񾳣˲ӣǰսҪѰҽ֮ȴߣ񡣡
Ϊλ֣֮
һڳǱԺüͷԽԽ
СӣôˣĪ׹ʲô⣿ͷöע⵽˳Ǳģǰ߳ѯʡ
Ǳع˿ͷʵǰƴΪ֪Ƿ֪أսʲô
Ŷдս֮ôսһżΣأҲԵ޵һܵءͷ˵ţ¶һĪɣﲻ֪Ǻеط޾ֻҪеܲϵõ
ôĵطǰòҲǵ;˵ɣ
СѾͷ㶮ʲôϷҲսô˵ͷ̾Ϣֻս쳣ҵʵֹֻȣû롣
ΪǷֻ֮˲ڣʱ򣬳Ǳѯʳ
ͷҡҡͷֻҪ֮ˣԽ룬֮ԽˣΪҪսͱսʮһ벽УҪڹգִɽ롣
ͷϵƣ׷䣺ÿ϶һļֵڹΪܳ빬
˵ţٺһЦǱСӣսں빬֮ǿȤýͲ͸¶ˣϷоסãѾֲ꣬Ҳ֪սǿˣʱԻ֪оϷҲҪȥһΣ
ͷĻǱɻδ٣Ҳ֪ԷʵҲ֪࣬ʣҲδʳȻ
ڿܿϴսʱ򣬽УֻҲǴĳ˵еõĹ򡭡
Ҳգ⵶飬˵ҼȻõ;ˣлͽʦǰɣҲǴлǿŽԪĶ顣
սǰ˵طпܵĻҪʶһ
Ǳڶս˫ͷʱΪսǿǣһڽԪ룬˵ǿǷ˵ҷ硢һ顣
뵽˽ԪǱҲ뵽Լڵĵ֮ʲô
յƴȶѪǿҲǣµľǰͰˣֻǻһûн
ͻ
⼸գΪ㣬һֱûϸ̽鵤Ը̷˽ԪȻδɵеͻȴԱˡ
ǱͷֻҪͻõʹǣǣƶ񻯣ʶ֮ƮسٷգȻȶǾմǱȻҲû⣬׼뵤һ̽
һˣҲٵ󣬸ͷкһͱ۾ģͷһʶ֪ŵ۶ȥ
֪ոսӴڣϵԪٿأоʹ
ʹԴڵȴֻڵ˳ŵ뾭ϵɵζС֫ıб
һʱϯȫ
ǣ˾ʹǱĴ졢Ѫȴܵĳ鴤ûз
һδεʹĥǱѾһ㣬ƾʹϮΡȻ
ʹ͵״ûǣƣСӰ춼ѹȥ
ǱʶҲ˿ܾʹĸţҡֱ뵤֮С

ڳǱ֪еģһƬҡ
ڣ
֮ڣƱһƬս
ֳ֣
һǱԪХݺᣬռ˴󲿷ֵĿռ䣬һǽԪȻѹֻʣһСط쳣ƾԪѹȣɽһ֮һ¼̣ӿıԪһһ飡
ţҵıԪԪΧ£ѹռ˾ƣƫƫκβ÷ĽԪڽǱ࣬Щɢ͸硭
Ǳʶžʹ̽ţȻжϡ˼ǶԾļ󣬺ܿ죬Ǳ͸еЩΪˡ
ʱ
ǱڽĽԪȻһšһɣϸߣǰһ壡
ƥͻΧȥ
ǱԪһ壬иѿ룬Ѹ飬һˣӿԪ
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ס͵ҷ硢׽̸ջСԸʤһͷȻҲŹ
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Է˵úܶԣԪϵǾֻ֮ܽԭԭĴӵڰ
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ղԪΪϸߣ̣ײڵϣûѳ˵ҲǳǱһԱԴڱܡ
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һǳ¹ʵֻԵ֮˵в֡
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259 
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260 ѻƪ
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˵ҽصģǰǣòҪٽӴҽˡһ˵š
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ʱΣҽУ˳Ųй䣬˫ȴɨܣǱ֮һתء
ͬһʱ䣬ҲӾлָȻӦ˵Ҳоɣϸ
Ӧʱп࣬Լĳ嶯Щڣղһȣѿڶع֪һ£Ȳ˵ճǱ˫ͷ֮սΧڣһЩϸھͲ˵ס
Ŀ֮£ôϴǲԼԼô
ʦѯʣӦֻúǣб죬Ǳ֮£˵ԼӢΪҲ侲ͷת⡣
Ǳ׹£ɣˣҲ޶֤ʵֻҪˣδؾͲܽսҵϡֽº׷ǲõģ˳ɲа̣֪
Ӧһâ
ã粻Ը⣬Ҳ͹ֲˡһظǧͳ޴Ӧݺᣬ쾳Ϊɱ쾳֣ʱ˷Ҳţ
һˣд󶨣ҲԽ
ҼƲΪֻͬƴżֽ̻ͬھûϵյһ£Ĳһסˣ£ȥϧˣ˽Ǳпɣұġ
Ӧ˵Ļ߷ּ٣˵˵ţԼʵЩ
ֻǣӦϾ粻֪쾳ܣ佫˫ͷˣܶྫ仯ȴ޴ֻ֪Լ˵޷죬Ҳ·ӦǸֱƵʿ
Χ߼˵ҲЩҲм˫ͷģ֪ԷһǰȷʵͻȻ뿪ʱҲԵϣɵþ͸˼֣׷׶ӦͶԾصĿ⡣
Ǻüͷ˲֪ܲ˽쾳һ˾ͬھô
ӦⷬٳԻ쾳˽ⲻ˻ԣ䵽֪˵ĶУֻЦ󷽡
ʱ򣬺Ļ²˫ͷ֣ͬھģǳǱֻǰĽսҲûԼʦֶʲô¡
ң˫ͷĸҲ˽⣬֪Էһ壬սȥƾΪһ⣬һţͨһӦĻѻƣ˵˳
ֻҲﻢ£ΨȽѹԴ
뵽⣬ִϲӦ죬Ҫ˵仰һʴ
ƫƫ첻Ը
ϣЦңӶЦըˣ
һЦԴ


261 Ϸ̨
޼ɵЦԴ̺ͬÿ˵Ķը죬һЩ־ᶨһ
˭
Ӧŭ˳Ц˹ȥ˵ͷϣԼӢ¼У˴ϣкɫ
һʱɫ䡣
ֻһ۵ŶӣЦ
˵Űѻ˵ͦ˳ģǱ£Ҫһưĵ£һ׹µҲģôǵʱһۣɫˣ˭
Ƽұٱȱ
Ҳȥϳݡ
ˣպͽʮ±߶֮ˣݣǴƼұٱȱ
ȱϵЦ⣬⡱һʶԷ֪ʲôԷ˵ǳǱԼʦֶ䣬ƺ֣ʤ
һתͷӦɫЩ԰ף֪̾Щ
çײҲﰵ̾һҲ˲һӡ

ƽ磬̳۳һֻƣץȱ
ŶСĶۣϵĳƨôЦЦȱ˵ţһ˦Ʈڹһƿ֮죬âֱϮӦ죡
ߣЦһҲʲôǿ嵽Ӧǰڹ⣬ٿͣڰա
ָ״Сӡ
ʱ˻ҳƵȱһ̣ſ³һʣأ
£Ӧǰġ顱ը飬ӿź
жӦҲӦ̧סڱǣٺˡ
ֿţҸǰС㣿УӺòã㲻ҪٻҪأȱЦţɣֶһֻɻҳɵơ
ţӦȱĻһ£ͣͣž͸еǻһƬź·һ㣬˵ϣʱգҽ
ƭġȱ״ЦȻǴû´޶ըӶô
ٱҿƼұϣ飬㲻Ҫôߣ
ƺҲŭȴԦ׷ȱһҺӦȻָץӦϵĺק˹һţ͵һա
꣡
Уźɢ
Ӧ˫֣ϵûʲôˣֻɫͨ죬΢΢״
ˣĺã֮£ȭͷԵĳǱ۾źһ˼ģ
ô
ҪҪлл٣ٰƤֺ˼֣˵ѻ治ɫȱͣ²ӣЦݣһԶԶӦ졣
⻰һ˵Ӧɫٱ䣬ٱԩ޳𣬺ιҪһְƼұ꣬ѵ˽壿
㲻˳ۣȻɱ㣬ӽǺԸˣ˵ȻὭ壿
ȱ˵ţתͷԱߣιУ˵˵Ӧ컹ҪҪ뿪֮󣬴˳Ǳ飬֪ԭһˣʽ֡
˵ţһָϸʲôɵӣʲô˳һļƷٰȻиУǲ㣿˵Сµģ
ȱ˵ţƳһԣǱ֮ˣɮ
ɮҲգ΢΢һЦ˫ֺʮӷʩ˵òƶɮʩλͬδ³ǱʩÿɵĪ·ʩɱ֮
ɮһ˵Χ֮˶ʱһ
ɮκӦ㣬˶֪⼸ǹ֣Ǳ˭ҽеߣ˲֪ʱ˵Ǳһ֣Ȼȡ
ңɮĻղӦĻһЩ˼֮˲²⡣
̺ܶűζĿ⣬ͶӦ죬úͷһĵһֲԤס
һߣɮһ仰˵꣬ЦеشȱǷʲôҹʩɱأᡭ
ৣ
һٿͣ£һһԣһڹԭվ֮
룡ȱҡҡͷջ֡
ʱһֺԴ
Сʦ˵ҿɵĪ·ǳǱϣ
£к߳ʮˣŻۣųΪ֮٣ĸߴ·ҡҡλεģһͷܡ
ţǿɵˣ

ɺͬͬˣǰգɴʦΪ˸ɳͷܶʮˣĴָϹ򣡺ò磡
ɵһ۷׷ףҲᣬɮеõҪĴ𰸺Цһ
øСĴҪҿӲƴˣϧж񱨣Ѿ֮ˣҲܾôˣȻƥҲˣúˣߣ
ͻȻȥҲ죬һ֣ڶӣƺƵȥ
üһкϷˣ
ǰȥҳǳˣ˵ͷߣҪһ
ɽֵˣÿ춼ֹܼУ
ߣȥ
ʲôߵĺϷžʣûӦѾ˵ôѱڴбʵ£
Ҳδǻѻ˵

Χɢߡ¸ǣ˽вطۼ
ɽռع󣬵ܱ߻ʯڣ⴦ɽƽ̹ܹ֮ɽԾۼ˲ˡ
Ŷ游ȻҲˡǱڶۻУûбֳʲôɻǴź
ʱɫҲЩѿȱͻȻ֣ļƻҲӦһʴ
վҲԥ̳ѹ飬ȱȴ޷ô򣬺ܻܿӰ쵽̽ĳɰܡ
ˣ̽Ҫ£飬ʱ°ɡ
һˣתҪӦҲ뿪
һŷӦϣΪɵĳѾˣȡ֮ģһŭѪɫɱȡ
ɱȻȱġ
ˣȻȱɱ⣬ȱ磬϶ŹĿһתȱЦɱԡ
ҲգҴСųģȱǺޣھͷδȻҪһǸҶһ뵽⣬һӿ
ͻȻ
һƿԶӶϣɼһӰ۹
ô
Ӧ쾪һѪɫʣ
ţҲ˹ȥĿһɢͷɮӡ
˫ͷ
ˣҲɫ仯֪
ô粻֣֣ƫƫʱˣ


262 
ৣ
ƿȻҲע⵽ˣ׷ײĿȥ
˷ڵٶȼ죬̤ң缲Ȱڶ֮䣬ѽǰ
ڿĿ֮߶ʱסˣţתͷӦ졣
ղţӦԼķṦΰ֮ʱһֱǿֱܵǼ̵ֽһ
̴ֽ˴ǰĻֻһˣ˫ͷǡ˫ͷһδг֣Ӧ֮ű˵档
£Ǽ۶ˣ˫ͷǺˣͨ߿ɲ֪˫ͷһ֮ܣֻǾӦδ̫д󣬻ѻֱӴˣʱһƬȻ
ⲻǼ̵ֽĻô
ûҼǵռұƽ̨˺ͺڣ˵Ǽ̵ֽ˫ͷֻǺͻȻ뿪ˣҲ֪Ϊ¡
˵ĲֵǸյİɣ֪ղٰ˵ʲô
Ǹյδ̡
ղٰ˵쾳Ϊսʤ쾳ߣǼֽ̻һתۡ
£ԳҲҪһЩȻұߣĪǻˣ
˭֪أָʲôèء
Χ˵Ļ󣬵˵Ŀۼһ𣬺谭Ĵ˳УֻǰתǰһԼĿ֮ӣڣÿ˿Լ۹⣬͸¶һɱ֮⣬絶
ɶ񣡿ɶ񣡿ɶ񣡡
Ӧ΢΢ţﷴһƬհףɱⶼɢˡ
龰Թ˫ͷֻǻεΪԹޣҲ޼£Ϊ쾳֪ͨ飬һһ۵ɹȥԷʱ֪Ӧ֮ǰͷִӡ̣֮£θҹʼʩ
ֻýԭء
һԵĺ״̾˿Ҳ֪˵ʲôˣʦֶеģƫƫǺôϲ
͵һѵɣŷУѰҵΪ񣬽Ϊ֮պɾͰҵ˭ᳰЦΪ
ıȰοӦ죬ϣ֮ܲӰľº󻼣⻰һ˵ӦУɱһֱľ档
ʦ嶼ңˣ
ͷţӦֻе֮ȴ޴һдĵűһŭ
ŭ𲢷Լçײ˵ġ
ȱǱΪˣҲ³ȱǣұԩƫҪңɨأǳǱˣҲҰҪ»ҡ
Ӧзߺ֮ʱ
Զɽϣֵһɫâٿڶʮɸ£
ǹâϺϸƬ⻪ڶת۾ʧ
һĻɽȺ۵ףʱһʯǧˣ
βֳˣ
˷
ַˣ
ǵڰ˴ˣ
һΣҪˣ

һһ棬˼ԾԾ֮⡣
ȺˣȻƽ֪֮£ɽˮִɽ£˵ֶβڸԵĵʵСģ϶ѪΪ˵ĿģΪһԵԶɽġ
һɫâ֣ﻹ˵Ӧ־磬Ŀһתעȫתɽϡ
ͻȻ˫ͷԶԽߣҲֱͣӹ磬תʧɽľ֮УֻԽ֮ʣƳһۺ
ţôô˫ͷԶȥӰɻ
ʱ
¡¡
һ·죬ɽϴ

˽µĵ濪ʼ
ɽضĪǡһһתңɽĸ֪ɽϲ׽һصϢ
بš

ԭƽɽϣ䲨֮ڶͬʱһʯ졣
ɽڱ
ӳǱڵһɽȥܹؿɽľƬƬĵ̲Ǻϲһ˷
꣡꣡
ף
ǱĿٶɽΧЩ͵ľϣѿһĿĵľ޴ѷ죬ѷţʯб䡣
䣡
һʯɽм·ڱɢ䡣
һ޴ĿӶΣɽ֮ϣͬҲЩ档
ô£
һĻ쳣ȣµһֿܡ
ѵֻ˷ôͳ䣿ңΪλôĶڣֻһ
ں֮ʱΧѱһƬžԶɽϲϴĺ¡֮⣬Ϣ
Բ֮ڣۼŴߣǽ̸֣ԭӣ£Щ˶ͣл϶ضɽɽ壬һ˸Ī
䣡䣡䣡
ɽϣʯڼϸСʯ£꣬һƮɢɽ˶о̳ȴԸ۾ɵſɽ
ǰ˵ЩһҸղ̽˻Ҳ˵ҪŷŻῪֻǵڰ˴Σѵ˶ˣߣЩ
Ǳɽµһʯʷڡ
һյʱ֮󡭡

ʯڱС̳;ʯķɽʧ
ʱɽ֮ٷȥѾܹĿӴɽϣһһ޴Ķڱ鲼ϣֱʮɣСҲɣǶںĵġ
ܿ죬һ˿˿ɫ¶ͷƮɢۺϣӯ
ЩϣɢĹâĺڵĶڡ
ЩɫǱͫһ
ڳǱߣûһкâһţѸ硣
ЩĪûһ
Ⱥ˷һ˸߹һˣг˾ϲ֮⡣
أָɽߺ
쿴Ѿ˽ȥˣ
ȥʱ֣ɽϵļѨϣȻӰ˸ȻЩɽϵߣѷ졢ʯƽϢжѨǰ֮ӿȻĳȣﻹ͵סͶ붴
һ룬ʱ̤˶ڣɫ֡
ˣӭȻʧȻһĻҲ˲ٰӦ죬仰úԼ˼һ˾ɽϳȥϢ֮󣬱Ӱû֡
һ壬ʱ˾УȻ˴ͷˣ˵ȻҲ˺ɽµˣһɢԳֵýģɽһѷļ
ҲԽˣûȺһϣפع
Ź֣̫ŹˣŰ˷ôͿˣһôĶڣÿ˿һ㡣
ɽߵһϣһбϣһȣš


263 ʮ
ȥһڣĨĨ졣
Ȼͷҹȥһƣָܷʲôߣֱ͸Σ޼ǰѾδиռ󡭡
˵ţһϼȳԵӵͷģģģһ
Ϊ֮£쾳͸߲ͣڴˣҲ̫ˡ
ĻͬӣһͬڷС
һȥָ·δһߣھԶУ˶š
ۼŽʮˣŵģ˴˼ĵ⼤ҶԡۿţҪԳ֣ƴһ
ʱɽ䱬ʯףԶԶ˼ĽգȻɣȴá
ε飬Ȳƽϣ㲻ҪΪôˣǳ¼˵ˣһڼҿɣҪһֻ죬Ҳʲô⣡ȥ֮֮أ
˵գһ֣һڿѸ뿪
˫Ϊ׵ĿɣԳΪ׵á
ɮ֪˳ǱնɱĪ·һ£һ·ֱЪϢĳһУš
ҲеõйسǱѶϢ䲻ɫȴֱ֮⡣
Ǳô
ʱһװ׳˶ڱ˳İ˼
¹ڰҪ飬һ£δѾһҷ˱¹ϡ
عаѹ£ɫ»ָƽ㡣
תӣԳѵĻ޵˵ͷӽ˵ĶԣδҵȲжȻҲһζȣЩǼ٣Ҫ̽һ룬ȴӵᣡ
ǣ˱ȭӦ
ͷҲ뿪
ȥ˺һԱߵĲݴд졣
һӰ˳ǵŵ磬Ϣڸ
׻ûдأЩźҲջֻû뵽λ¹ӾȻֻһСӵܣҿӣڼлôܵһ͵ҲҪ֡
Ϊһˣɴ׷˵ţһڣ趯ڼϵٿɢȥ
ҽ֮ڳһ۾ϳŮڳǱ˫ͷ֮սУƮȻȥİײ
ʥŮǿеǸǱĪݳ¼ңеλүײһŮӳʵ
ŶҲ֪ǱײŮӵĻһ˿ζ
ǣʥŮĪū߹Ǿ¥ǰӳ˲ˣɱ˵ǱΪŮЦŻӦºҪȥˣ¸סˡ
ԭҺûȥˣȻ˵ӣʹɱ㣬ҲҪεһƤ
ײ˵תһ˿ɻ
㵱ʱ˵ɱ֮ˣΪζ㶼ûôʶĳǱ书죬սȴѹһ㣬ͬһˣôģδ̫˵㣬Īʲôܼӿٶȵı
ײһ뷨
ѵʥŮмƻҲҪѺʩУǳǱȻ棬ҪǶǻǸϽȥɣһˣɾͳԿˣ
ţ˵ȥɣҪ嶾̵Ҳãһ˫񣡡
ײ˵ţһڣƮ󣬰ڵŮӽݺݺڿն
ŮŸɫôһƮּ䴩Ҳûвأ̵ĸ
ЩŮģ
Χ֮˼ƬҲ֣Щ˾ڼŮɫɴ۾Ŀתš
ȻҲʶ֮ˣΪ׵İײһƴͰ׷ʱһ飬ϳ˶Էݡ
ħ̵İײһǰҲɽ޵ʱ򣬱ɽϿȣٳʱ򣬾;ˣʹȥ
䣿ħŮҲˡ
ô˵ģʱϿȵʮˣֻ˻طӰǻˣвĶ֣
ţôգǻһҴ֮ˣ˭
˵嶾֮ˣۡ

˵ۣŮڵһĻǱ۾ֱ֮ײһˣƮƮʧɽϵ֮ڣջĿ⡣
ɽޡɽϿȣ۵嶾֮ˡ
ܵԽԽ٣󲿷ֵ˶ʼɽȥ
ע⵽һ֮ԵЩô죿ǰ˵ƺǰˣǻȥǰк̽飿˶һӵˣһ˽ȵǾͲˡ
Ǳһ£һ·뵽ʲôڵǵʱǰһƤֽ˵ǳֱʱóһۣ㻹ô
Ŷ˵ǽƣɫŹ֣˵бʾóһۣұΪ˼Ĵʢ˵˵û뵽˵ˣ
һµദöͷҲ˽⣬֪λȥĸ֣ʵ񱣬ͻģ
һǻ࣬ҪôǺͳǱ̽һЩ飬ȳǱƷʱͷͻȥʶҲ飬ͷͶʯ⻨ľֹ
ڶء
ΣǱָĲˣǰɽ̽飬֮ʣһСƤֽһţ˿ţǽƣڱ֮ʱóۿ
Ǳȡϵֽţչ󣬿һּ
ּΪСһʮ֡
붴Ѱ޼ǣ䶨
ֽϵʮ֣Ǳüͷ
̫ˣұͶ֮һ֪⣬ַԺˣһԿ϶Ǿǰƺϵ̽ᷢ⣬ԲС붴һ˵
һˣǱתͷõȻǰԤϣôҾɽ̽һ˶ΣգҽǱߵ飬ҲҪʱѺȻȥǰ
ҡҡͷδȳǱ˵ͳϣǰĻˡ
Ǳһֻü֮Уұţҷ;գһ˶У±ȽҪΣա
õĻ˳ǱĻ䣬ǰͷһ仰Ϸԡ
ǿҪСѾͷȥ˵ջ񣡡
ֱһ̣Ǳʶͷϵǰ
ٿأ𣬸ղż۶˫ͷ
˫ͷҴҸ·ҲУĪɽʲô䣬Զ֪֮仯
ڳǱΧǰУٹ
ԶɽһѨԵӰζţԾڡ
ʱҲвҽ𣬷ȥܿӰɽϹ䣬Ӿ׹¡


264 ָϵ
ɽ
оŷ壬߶վ鲼ڣ߶ͣлԶԶȥ·һ޴ͷ­Ƕڵϡ
ʱƽõϣţɽɽ֮˻ʲôģҲֻΪ϶Щ
ǣԶδ巶ΧڵˣԶԶŻᷢЩ졪
ۣ˲ٿһ㣬ǽ۳״ǻգʱʱɢ
ȥдģŴʥ˻ʱģ
ɭУԶԶŰ¶壬΢΢п
վԵģϻűĵҷ磬Լʦֵܣ⿴߰ͷҰǣҰ²ѪмֻȽŻڳ鴤Ȼδȫ
ҷͬԶţȻתͷʦܣ龰ͻɽʲôʣղźǹͬǵ˷ŲһͼҴҵĸ˹ȥ
ʦֵ˼ɽʮа˾䣬ܿѾ
׳ţֻǣ֮ǰõ鱨ҪŴΣÿμʱ䣬Լһ£̽ɽ֮˵żļأʱЩ롭
˵ţɨˡ
ҽ飬ǰУ·꣬ȥ
ʲô
⻰һ˵߾Դ󾪡
ȴŲæ˵Լֻȴɫشܡ
ھ뼸˲Զһܼݴ
һȺ޵󱲣ʱ򣬾ȻҪˣǱһ·ǰװ˷ʱ䣿Ѿ˼ǰõ壬Ҳù
һɮۣɢͷڲݴŭ
ˣǼ̵ֽʦ֮һĦĦ
Ҳգֻƶ壬ո뿪ˣ̽Ҳ˵ס
ţĦĦؿ׵һ£طûãһҲ뿪˲֮ء

գ
ɽķվˣֻ·ֱͨɽ
ʱ·ϣһӰнš
屾վɽ֮·Ҳխҵش֮У˵·ʵҲһϸϿ
ǰȿֺıţΨһʧȻΪһνǰɹͨнṦԾԲֱС
ҲвṦߣΪλϧȭˣײţֱӰε齣ķ裡
ȺУһƬҡ
˶ܽģΪ㣬ٻеģʹ鵶ˣ޼ɣʵҲǰġ
ЩȥƷǷģһ̤֮£ε֮䣬ΧҪӰ쵽ĸ֣Щǲȥǵġ
ǿ׼ģЩͺƽҲޣǶòôĽ
ֲѱϣһ˵鲻㣬Ͼͻ¶
ǴʱȺнĳǱãͱֳһӡ
ܣȿֺľ棬Ȼûз֮ģ¹ϹôǹӲ鷳ƣҲҪˡ
ǳǱãнϼûоϵĳҲûгʣڣǱĴţƺǶ˵ṦǸȤ
ģ͵һé®ơ
ԭڳǱļˣǽЩ壬δ֣ǱԽǱҲãЩ˳ǰС
֮˵ĲԽǰĿ׺֮˽ӽ
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ɫһ䣬ӳǱϲһɭ亮⣬Ǹо֪ǳǱմȾīɫϸɢĺȴͷо״ǡ
ţʲôݼ֮˹ӣ˴ǴϪ͵ģҶе⣿ĪҪͱӶ֣Ȱ㲻Ҫ󣬷Ѱ֮ӣ


268 ȫ
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ԽϿȣϸ١Ӱ
Ǻô£Һôǰ벽죬Ѫ׼һգţɸղɱನͷΣĪ֮ģսľģ
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ڶ֮ʱǱںϵͷӶš
˹Ǳ۾û˿Ϣ䶯ĪģϵͷԳ˹ӵӣԽ䡣
λ˹ӣ˳Ǳĵ⣬ĵײɵĴŭһֱ˵ĸо
ڱǰƷĹԱҲвʲôվڱǰֱңӴ˴Զ񲿵ĹԱͬҲ̾
˹ӿǱżª϶ԷȨƵƽ񣬱һȻ˵ԼݱҪȨѹǱ
˴Է˹֮ʹϪֻҪһݣʲôˣֻܻŴ
һ·裬ʳ֪ζҲһıŰоϲԼǰϥ⻰һ˵꣬עųǱҪԷյı顣
ϧעҪʧˡ
ǱŶԷ¶˿ңûб仯ֻƽʵ˹ӣ˵˹Ƶ¤Ҳǰ·;ңԶδı棬Ӧԩ޳𣬺ιͻȻϮҪأ
ǱķӦ˹ʧóǱѯԵɣеҪϢ˵˼һЦʲô޹أǰףҲСҶݵĶעļܲ͵ģͷ֮󣬾£
˹˵֮ʣϿڵϸѾ䣬Ҳɢ٣ǣԶ֮¿
Ͽȱϵģֲ֮ʱǿǱĿⶼ˸䲻η壬ȴҲ¶ء
Щ˹װͬǣǼҴҵĸϹ˹ԣСĵشųǱһó˱һٴеģ
ǱղշɶɣϿߵ˶ΪԸᱻϸȵףû뵽ǱɹԾ;һͷĿѣЩƲСӰֱӺɢˣ
ֶΣѾˣҲѹΧ֮ˣὫͼóϵһ
ҲףǱһȻֻǵɿѹɵģҪԶˡ󲿷ߵļͷݣڽкʱûϣȴһ׵ͷɣ𶯹ǣܿ
һס˴󲿷ߡ
Ҳ˹ûóȻֵԭȻ츳֮󣬸һǧ仹δʮֱһ㣬Ҳ֪ء
ԣܶԳǱġᣬΪԷݴֱɣûʸԼǰɵ׹˼ɶԷΪȻ·˹ӸͳǱֱӶԻ˸߹Ѫ
ŶʶҶݣ
һߣǱڼе֣ѯʳ
˹һȥԼĻһߵͷûСүͱһʣǰﱾ鷳ҶǽֵܣȻ֪ҶݣӦú֣ǵġ
ˣûǱе˿ɱΪǱ˼ˣԴޣ٣ȻΪηȨƣֻҪһȨֱҲҪ
Ͼ͢Ȩ󱳺صھһġ
˹û뵽ǣ䣬ĳǱͺһЦ
úúãɣǺѡֵܣֶƵĽղҷӦ죬ѾµˣɱĴ𣬱˵ֻǸӣǹʵվǰһҪѪ岽ҪҵҪñľ򣡡
̫˹Ѿ˵֮Уд󶨣ⷬЦʲôݣܺͱȣөԣȻԲѣԼͻʵۣ˵ǴϪǴ󲻾Ҫ٣
ԴϪɷ˽ĻͦģЩûãҪɱ㣬Ǿ˲ݵλûйϵҪôҪôǱ˵ţĿһתٿ˹ӣ䵽һ˵ϡ
˿ȥǲϣ׳ӻҪϰͷһͷķ˿ź˹ͬɫҰһŽţȫɢһɾϢޱ飬
ղ·ʱһһ̤ŵ׺ͽֺʯһ㣬ӲҲûƫСͿɾ룬ʲô򣿡Ǳţ¶֮ɫ
һԵ˹ӸеԼӣŭʢǴľߵսūȥӽѵһˣ˵ţӳһöҩ裬߽ϡ
ſ£¶ʹ֮ɫ¶˫ϣ͹Գһ˵ƶȻǶ˼һȭ͸ɢһɸƥҪΪܡ˵
һУǱһ̬ûгֻ֣ǵͷƱ֮һ㻹Ҫǿϼ֣û뵽˸֣ҲգҪסӣǾͺȫභɣ
仰£ߵϣϢһȭɽųǱѹת۾ͽ֣
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ǱһӰģʧԭء

Ǿһӣĵ͹ѨУǰ
ڶ㣬һ죬ɴѨ͸
ǱӰñԼɫ䣬һ죬Ƥ΢СķĦƼ䵴һɹ𵴲ײ˹ȥ
ɢ
Ͳʵһ㣬һ𵴣ɢ
߶Դƺ⣬Ҳƣ˱㵯ϵȭХת˲㽫Ǳȫû
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Χ˵СĿע£Ǳȫһһʵʵ𵴲ɢΧ£ȭȫɢ
ˣ㱻ΪսūӦǱǿʹ˺󱲴ΪʣϧΪūҲҪˡһƬ֮أȭı⣡Ǳһ˿򣬡ֵþҲ֣ƽȶսȫ㣡


269 ûзŹĵ
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ʯ꣬תԽߣ˹ӵУʱ˹ԵļūͣŹҪ԰Ǳ
ЩҲûʲôвΧĶΪϧǱ̤ؼʯѾ嵽˾ǰ˵ͬʱֳȭ򵥵ȭ͵˳ȥ
Ҳ׺һֳצĵϡꡱĴ죬һ̨޴ķ䣬˫Уӵָ֮ϣƿֱϮǱţ
ܹս֮ˣ̲ס֪Ǳ;ߣȻм䣬͵˷ʤĹؼʱ̡
Ǳ۾һУͷһڵĴһһƿصָͬһ㾫ȷ⾢һӳȥֱȻһ˦
ৣৣ
˦۵ٶȣֱѸ˼㣬Ǳֱ۾ͺͻȻ֮ʧһ㣡
ֱֻ˦;лھҵġԼСķȲţÿһ˵ľܵĿ֮ϣȻҲ
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䣡
ģǱһȣӰڿգͦϥײھߵ֮ϡ
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ļµĶд˳Ӻɶ𣬿Ҫȥ
Ǳһ죬ץס˶ԷĽŲӣֱһִֻһǽ֫Ǳһ˦ӴͱڵϣӲʯҵѷӡ
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ſһѪϵȭɢеĹҲ
Ǳһˤֻǽڵô򵥣ֱϵľߵอ𵴵λѣڳѪƣǻ췦ˣǶɽµҽԸƣ
ܵشϵĹؽͨͨλѾʣۺ˫Ĺ飬ûս֮
ʱ˹ӵ˲Ÿոմϸܵʯɵڵأһࡢٵģﻹ֪ô£
սūȻôûãñߣˣǼҲкӹ˹ӱףȴжĸʹɫ߻⣬ĵȥ
ǱԴ˺ᣬֻǵͷ˵˼䣬ƺҲ˵ֻѽѽģȴԳԭͷ˸ȥ˰أͳư͡
ܿ죬񰵵ϡ
ʱ˹ߵĸҲӻȡһֽóһֽѣǵķĩ˳ŷ磬ǱǱƮɢ
䲻ģǱȻתͷ͵Ȼһ

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УЩĩȻεĻط˹ӵĸƮȥ
ˣĸһгæˣȴǾڣһ̤գҽŵȥϿжʱ𡰹๾ࡱˮƿҽȴȻֹ
⡭˹۾һţ⡱һʶ

ţֽҽУЩŹ׼ųǱĹһһĵ£Ϣ
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Ǳϣû˿ϢйûƮɢҲûȭڣ˫֮⣬˹Ӷ޷ҳ˿ɱ⣡
ʲôһ̣˹ɲԸмǰͷųǱʵ¶һ˿ңȴϣ·һʳӵĵ
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󵨣󵨣Ϊһ˽Ȼˡǿ´ʵ״һƬͨ죬
ǱתͷһۣңҷҪûϪǲֻѰҹܲˣǰĳУȻɱˣͶȻûзŹĵ
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㻹к£Ǳʵ
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Ŷ𣿡ǱЦЦ㵹ͦ£ͬ˵ģͰҸ֪Ǵѧģ
ҡҡͷһĪᣬСΪģΪ˹ͬΣҲǺȻԺǧĸڣΪʾƽСȽԼλ֪ǺȻԺӣ÷ʿչʸܡ
ֶΣֶΣ˵֣˼ǺޣԼ򹫲֣˸жһ˽ģ⹬ʸܲСӰǱҡҡͷɲɵɱ˹ӻýɱͣڹţ͵ˡ
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ʸܵһ̬ڳǱȤֻȴ᲻¾˷ѾҲٴ𻰣һҲڿϿϷ


270 
㣡
ۼǱתԶȥûԼ壬ʸɫݡ
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ʸܵǺȻͽӶĺܿ죬̾뵽һ·ҪǱΪˡȻŶԷո¶ͷǣûϵԷĻתߣδԼ
ʸܵʦܵǱȽϵǱ񣬾Ҫǳ⣬ȴʸס
ضŭ˲ΪԼʲôΪ֪д˱֣ҵȼȻĻɽ𢣬Ҫμס֪֮ˣҪ̻ҵʹֻһڴˣܲʸܵ˵ţϷƵ
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ʱܵߣϵҲعųǱӰ۷׷ס
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ղųǱһȥ˽֣ʽ֮䣬Ͱһ㡢ܹ͸ĸֱˤǳ漫𺳣ԶԶȥȻҵʱ죬ҲԼʧʱǹϢ
£˼Ǳһ̤ٴڿնҪ·ԾϿȻط̲סٴξ
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ȱˣٴηԾٴЩϸٺӰʱɢҵܲǸϽ˵аɡ
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ǱЦΣգҲûбؾҪæô㿴Ҵݣʵһ˲ȻһʱҲǰΪľǷֹ⡣ֶ֮;һĳɹǵƣɱƵʹ˳
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ʨӲȫƺֲӦòҴţþҪãõö˲ϤʱͲǵƣǱ˵ţɨϿȣңһĳɹҲֻЩʱҪλᣬһһϤ˲С
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˵ʱ䵽˶ϣвӰζţ⴦Ѩ
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ڽ붴Ѩ֮ǰǱδܵٻδţл˸Ȼ䣬뵽˸ղƻ˹ӵ顣
֮ǰ˹ӣҽӽѨͻȻϮԵ޹ʵҪҵǲʲôӡɽ
Ǳţɫ΢СУһϢĸоͺĦųеһ㡣
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Ѩݹĺ֮УԽԽ
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ﶼ³ȥֻڵѪᾧڳĿУòûñʧ
үˣСĲһ㣬ܷ⴦ء

ĻǱ۾Ŀ֣Ļ䡣
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ЩĻǷڼ˵ģһıС˵ڽԶȥ
ŲƺˣԵǸӦþĿˣԱߺһЩģܾǸﶼ³һ΢ϸֱĻԲ
ڰУǱͨøϢüͷһƺ
ܿ죬ʧ٣ڵĶѨ»ָ
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ǼһŲȥĲֹײĦɳɳ죬ǲڲݵһ㡣
ⶴѨͨĵ棬ǼӲʯĲղǸʩ֮˻е˼ƺ˻أ·
Ǳ׽ͷֱЩŲԶȥҲûϢɢȥ
˵˼ĿҵģҲĲ֮£ʹȻ
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ǱСӦѹͨƵʣܹں󣬼ڿв̫𵴣ֱӴ˶УҲᱻע⵽
˵ܱ͵ⷢߵĸ֪һﵽĳ̶ȣ˵ǵ߼䣬ŵ׺͵淢΢Ħᱻֱ£ǱÿͱˣҲû˱ܵıҪ
ǱĻд󶨣ԼǰУ;еҲû̽飬᲻ʱǽϣҵһأϧջ
˾ôţһյʱ䣬ͨһƬ·ԶҲ߲ͷöãڵнٶȣӦöѾᴩɽˣɻûһ㵽ͷļ
ѵͨҪôһ·죿˵ҵأ߲ͷ
أ÷Ҳٹ˼ᱻСֹš
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ţٴ񣬲Σղȥ׽죬Χ׵ɢ˷չȥ
죡죡죡
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ţȻǷ紵ݴһ죬ѵҵΧѾ͸˶ѨұڣﵽɽΧ
Ǳɻ֮ʣ֪УѨڴͻȻжԻ̫ԶģģģҲš
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272 ƲԣԷ
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273 ױǣָ۴
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˵ţ̧֣һɫǰǶ⻬ʯһ㡣


274 ǱҪ
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Ǳһ̧һץָ䶯䣬һסǵ۶Ĺ
꣡꣡꣡
ĦУǱָǵĦǵĻ𻨴ָ们䣬ֱס˺â

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λʯıԵ
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ʯĸƺΪԶʴһЩԵЩģ
ǱĲǻƣʯ²ϴǹǿҺ֮С
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汻紵ţȻҡҷƼδҲδС
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278 ˷ͼ
ͷˣûˣʯ̨ŵʲô
ԳǱĿɵľܿʯ̨ϷŵܵƾӾʹжϳʺʡ
Ƕܹ⻬ȭͷСһۿȥ·Եʯͷûʲô֮ͬģйоأһ壬ֻмԵǡ
Ǳͣ²ӣûóȻǰֻߴ̨ϵġʯгš
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ķͼֻʣ֮࣬ǰͬǣͼȻŲˣֻһˣǰһͼϵĽˣֻսָ죬վż򵥵ˣЩ˶̧ͷź
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ͼɫǺɫζѪ׽˵ѪУԱΧż򵥵ˣЩ˸߾ŵƺڻϷƶ֮ϣվһˣɢŹâ߸ϡ
ǵͼͼҲиǣƶ֮ϵıУɢŹâ·ĵϣһߵ׵Ӱ
֪Ϊʲôͼʱ򣬳ǱһԺֲ²⣬ţĪĸдͷȴԷֱʲôо
ѹͷĪ֮УǱһԱߵıڻȥ
ǵ߷ͼǱһͼϻ棬סˡ
ֻǱڻϣٴγͦŵĽˣȴǶ͵£һĲȥ
ǱһĿһתֿڰ˷ͼ
һͼϣֻһˣ˶׽ͷȴѲͷ֮ôվţ·Զᵹ¡
Ǳ۾һڻŻϵӰ˷ͼݹһ飬Ħζиֳһ²⣬ʧЦ
˵˵ҪѰǣǶڵıڻϣȴûκйصͼķ࣬ҲȤ
һǱֲ²ⶼ֮Ժ󣬲ٿЩڻһת䵽˳Ⱦͷʯ̨ϡ
̨ϵɫʯǱĬǸָ֪йȴѸš
ʯͷûκϢҲκ״ۿöñȥţҲκ֮
˺һᣬǱҡҡͷ
Ҫⶫĸףֻһˡ
ţӣߵʯ̨ϣ֣ҪʯϸĶһ
ָʯ˲䣬ʯ΢΢һһɷϢ緢
ϢǱû¶˿֮ɫֻǽ֪չʯĸ
Ӳʵ
Ϣһֻһ֣赲ܣֱϮ
ϢХų˳ǱڣƤĤҲûӰ쵽ĸƢΣһµţΪһ˳Ǳʶ
Ǳ˲佩ס
ͬʱǱϣһɫ⻪𣬼ձ򣬳ųǱֱ̹
ৣ
ϸâת۳嵽Ǳ֮ͫǰţͣľȥ
ǡ
䣡
һ̣ǱУһᶨҪеɫϸâӲײ˳ȥ
ʲôҲҳǱ
Ǳǿҡͣɫϸâײȥ󣬲ͣ£һ·׷֮װһɹɵǿڳţϸâֵסճ׵ı⿪

Ӳбһ˿ľ֮£̺Ÿ߹ϡִơҪɢǱȻһ䣬¶һȵϢת۱ȭ⣡
ͣ޾壡ϣ
ȭ֮ǰҪʵʮ
ȭΧ£֮£²δɢ䣬ͱ¼ѹѹһţ黯ʵһɳСɫᾧڳǱС
Ǳȴûй̽Žᾧܣʶ伴չ
Ǳ̽ʶе׷˺εȱ֮󣬼ԣҲ̲סһţʶһξ޴ΣҲǴѵõĻᣡ
꣡
ǱʶʶڵĿռУ֮ƾһѷ죡
ǣǣǣ
ѷչƺƾ㣬ΪƬƬ
һڴ󶴸ϣš
һ޴ͷ­Ӷ̽


279 Ԧʶ
ͷ­ľ޴ޱȣģˡ
ţн¹ϸƬƬۣһ˫ԲĹĵľ޴۾нâ˸ͫһתĿ䶯¿ʱʵʵĽɫ
ֱɨ
䣡䣡䣡
֮ͨ쳹صĳڻһ㣬淭ľ飬ġĿӺۣʶڱɨ֮󣬶΢΢һΣ¡¡죬ǵػɶһ㡣
Ƕеͷ­ɨһȦ֮գգۣƤڵͫףɫٿɢֺһ

ӿڱǶأƶΧڵٵ
һ˲䣬ʶΧ·쫷ȻŰ֮УƤ죬ƬƬĳݱ𣬾գҶɢ
ΧһƬҰ
ʱ
һӰģģ¶Σ֮ǰӰʵ¶Ǳݡ
Ǳʶ带һ֣ע⵽ܻҵΣ̧ͷϿȥͷ­֮󣬴ͷ­ģϣһʱ뵽񻰴˵
֮ǰǱʶиӦʱ򣬾Ѿ׼ۼ֮ʱ̲סٴεһ
ģǡ
մڵǸͷ­òͳǱǰŵġκһۿȥֱܷݡ

ипţĿ⾼ضϷգһԾԾԵĸо
ֻڴ˵еĳԼǰĿףɷ磬ŶԷɢƣǱֻеһ˼άˣһ˲䣬ǿ˸ӹء
û뵽ʱҲԣʶռϸ˵ֻǻþʶףһʱá
ţüͷ
κﶼԵ޹ʵĳ֣ΪҴǿ顮ʯΪ˴˵ǿʯͷпܱǣ㲻ǣʯŹֶεˣҲضԶ󣡡
Ǳţϵͷ­һޱȵһɨһؾͺɨ
֮Ƥѣݴ飬ңĿתѸ٣һתʱ䣬˳Ǳϡ
УһԨΰʶǰʯ̨ת۹ѣǡһѷ졣
ֻǵѣվϵĳǱȴǾԶ̧ͷԡڹ֮Уΰѹϲһ˺ۣϲһ˿ɫˣл¶Ȼ֮ɫ
ȻϣǰһмʵģõģʶزݴǻþĿӵҲãұҲֻʶۺ֮µ˼壬£ǹΰΪᱻˣôĻˣ֮
ǱţĿ죬Ǿ޴ͷͷһת
ͷǺ񲢲ӵǻۺǣֻڱܵشΧնڵĶ̽Ƕڻڲϵ󣬽ͷԼԼֳצѾ̽һ
ʱ

Ǳ΢΢ζµ̨Է
ͷһʶ΢ʲôҪ
Ҫôʶ
Ǳ۾ûие죬ͷͬʱΪһ
һŨҵȭ˷ۼ뵽ڣϢ·ʲô
һߡ
߲ʶķȽʶ©⻪⻪͸ʵʵ裬ײһ𣬱˴ںţΪһţһճ˹ȥ
ؼ䣬һһϵǱ˹ȥ
Ǳܵϵ֪ʶռҪԼΪý飬þؼȥϡս֮ˡ
ǵã߿Ħδʶ뵽Ǳǽϵʶռڵΰ¼䣬ͽ֮ɻܡ
ʷ·Ҫݡ
ȻϵҪͳǱںΪһ
ǣǱоâһһȵȭڳһܣҲţֻǽΧ£ڳǱ棬Ӷжʶþ֮ϵ
ȭļɣ쳣ǰǱ
һͻȻʶƺǣҲδʲôӦֻǴӵ©͸һ⻪Ϊһ壬ϵĳգֱϮ޴ס
һ̣⻪ײһ
⻪չת۽׸ţסءһı⣬Ϊǵɫǹ⣬ը죬ư䣬Ұɪɪؼ졣
֮Уʶ⻪ɫǹ⣬˲һ
ʶĹ⻪ʤһ٣ǣ֮£ܿקţɫǹڴ˳
Ź⻪ǹ뿪ϵĴ󶴾Ѹٵֺϣ续㹴նܿ죬ʧ
һʶ⻪ɫǹǷţӰٱ仯ʶ忿
ֻǣɫǹ⾡ܴ·磬ǻЩǹ˸֮䣬ԼһϸͷųϢƿʶ⻪ɢ䣬ڶƶٶԽԽ
ϧٶɻƶģŹâ˴˾ţڵʶԵʶ֮УĹâ͸ȥһɫǹ⳹׵Ĳһһ㣬ս
ۿţЩǹҪѹƣȻţʶ
£ǱһĻ¶һ˿ź֮ɫ
þУҲ޷ֿʶ֮ԳǱĸ֪ǣ׾жϳǵǹڵϸСʵһǿҵ絶
ʱ

һɫǹдݳеӰѸʵתۻΪʵ䲻޴󣬻ϲ֮ǰһͷĴС¶ǹӷϢȴڸǣ
壡
žž
һʵΧɫǹŤ仯·Ͷһ㣬һԵûڣһ⣬ž죬ֱӽΧ£ʶ⻪ɢ
ţһβַһת򣬼ٳֱ̣ͦͦʶײ˹ȥ
¡
ʶһײ嶯ҡҵҡ
µĳǱһĻ֪ٵˡ
ʧʧ
ȫһ𣬽Ƥ˲ƺƵȭʹȭƴ󡢴񡢼ͣһ֣Ҳֱͣʶ˹ȥ
ʶʶĪ⣬󣬵ĿĲ˵ʲôʱᷴɼ֮Զҡǿƿ̤һ̽о
ǱȭУʶϡ뷨ɢһͷ
⣬ǿ󡢷ӹɣܽᣬʶڣ˵ܸ
ȭȥֻ´⣬Խռ䣬嵽ʶ⻪Ľս֮
ʱײʶ棬ֻʶļӲԶȻײҡǲδֻ̫ϣ˼Ѻۡ
ǡڴʱȭ
ǱȭһҲͣ˳ĳ̷򣬾ʶײȥ˿Ƿܵشȥʧֵ֮ܳĺ󻼣ֻǼᶨһģǰȭбɢ
ʱһԴţһɷϢХ
ǵڷ˳Ǳȭ󣬾Ȼͷһڣٳʶת˻
ͬʱʶҲȻ𶯣ɢһӵת۾ͽǱȭû
ֲͬļ֡뷨ͬ㺣һ㣬ϵ˻嵴ųǱȭ⡢ġ
Ŷ̤ϵڶ̨ʱһ
תۼ䣬Ǳ˱йľأ
̫ˣ
Ǳһͷһɿ⡣
÷ָߵͣʶҲãҲգĪΪҳǱ˲ɣҹǹ죬Ǵ˵ȴ˵
һˣǱȭеǹӷ񳹵ױ
ϣ޾壡ֱǰ
̺еɢǳͬһööͷ㣬뵽֮УҪǿмԦ
ȻҪ֮ѱ
ţȭֽΧ£ǧƵһԣ
Ȼˣͳͻ
ǱȭһתţǿнС
ͷڣ⣬һɹɵݹȥǱб֮ʶ©ײ˹ȥ
ǧΧ£Ҫ赲ƫƫУϱ֮糱ˣƶ
ǱȭƷƮƮʮ㣬ϣƾԷα£Ҳɢ
ȭ棬һ·ֱУ
ײ©֮ϡ
¡
У©顣
ǱǱȭ֮У壬һͬ㡣
Ӱãʶ֮ڵľչ¶ǰ


280 ʶ㣡

ͻȻҵ
ţǱʶĲɲԷģΪһ֮
ս
֮սǱȭⶼܵӰ죬ûоţͷڵʹȭ⼼ɣѸǣ֮Χ£֮ѳ
䣡
һȻı⿪
ʧȥǱȭ⳹״зɢ
ܣһµĲݹǱʶ̼һҪ˯ͷͬʱȭԻɢ·ҲҪ⿪
ŶֱѹˣŪЩСֶΣҪҶҡҵʶ
ǱһᶨңЩظоѸȥܵ²ҲɢΡ
ʱŲ𣬳ǱӰѭȭϵ©̽ӣһʶ㡣
ȭʱͻؾȥǱ
ţǱδ£̧ȥʶڵľƤһ
ʶһ㣬һŵĿܣÿǱƷ⹦ĶƷƷϹؼ֮󣬾γһᣬᣬģ˴Σݹݡ
ǱԽѧ˽ϸ仯ԹһЩ޸ģģ޸ĺЧ
ʶһ߼̨ףÿ̤ȥһ㣬ͻһƬþ֮Уֻвϴһһʰϣյʶ㡣
ʶ㣬տյ߼̨֮⣬
ÿ̨϶һ̤ƹ򣬿ʶʶ̤ϵ߼̨ףҪĳֿסĶҡҪĳ˼룬־
Ǳϴ̤ϵ߼̨ףʶ㣬Ȼļᶨ־Ǳȭʵ۲ǧ;ĥûܳ谭
º󣬳Ǳȴᣬʶ㣬˳ѧ뷨δģ˫ͷһս׹ˡ
׹֮Զ˷Ҳ˳ǱѵõϾʱ⡣
һǱƷĥȭ⣬˼塢׽仯ǻ顢ʵҡ
֮࣬ͷ⹦ȭҪżҲд裬һȥ˾ţȭҲȴǰ˲١
⣬ʱҲ죬̸һЩŽ˵´£óǱ۽󿪣ʶԽȫ棬졣
ĩļ죬ǱȭȻո̨ףԣڳʵȭ⣬ڣȴײᶯá
һ棬ǱһֱûٴγԳʶ㣬Ĵη壬ٴʧܣǡǡ෴ǱΪ߼̨ϵǧϳĥ־ž޴ĺô
ֻһԸָԼĸ֣ǱҲ;Ȱ˳򣬽ѧһ飬ȭŵͽǵĹ򶼺ʵˣٽעȭ⡣
һµʱ䣬Ǳʽþһ飬ͺһˣ޵Уһһ򰾽һ㣬˺ѧ˶;ֹ֮£ǱջС˼Խ
ԣǱȻûٴγʶ㣬ȥһٴγɾͻԸǿ̬ǧĳһֱӳƣ
ֻǣǱû뵽ǣɽ֮У䣬ɳĮѰǣ֮£Ӳײʶ©ֱķʽ˵㣡
㾹Ȼˣ
վӣǱεڵľ۵ס
Ŀģȱ߼̨ףʽλãһ㡢ͬλ룬߸̨ϣûйƮˡ
ǱʱȫȻ̨֮ϣԽ߼̨ףŶ档
һӰ
Ǹϥϣֳɼš
Ϊ׵ˣǱźϤɢͷɮۣ˫۽գԴ˯ˡ
ˣ뵽Ǳʶռ䣬Ҫռȵߣ
˹Ȼʱʶʶ㣬Ҿ²⣬ڹӦ飡
Ǳо̾ţĿԽߣ
ߵŲˣֳţһеһţеһţ߸٣ͷ̬һ޶
ߵĻһš
ţ
Ǳһŷ֣ղųʶ֮󣬾ͱѽ˵Ȼٴγͣӿ£һš
ϣƾһţܹԴʧȥʶһ
ǽڣֻһˣģģģڵǱԿ壬ʱˡ
֣Щ̫죬ߡǱĿתš
ҲӰͬڸǣ޷
ף
Ǳüͷƶ˵ţһ
ſһϤӰ
źɫ멣ͷ߹ڣϥͷһһֿϢȴסɢ
˺гֹʱ˳ָ㣬һ·ߣֱص֮ܶкͻȻ֣Ӱãתɢ
Ǳţٿأ뵽һ¡
ˣ֮⣬һһΣ鱻֮Ħʶռ䣬;ۺϳ󣬱棡
һˣѾ³˵ݡ
Ħ˵Ħ۳壡
ǱתԱߡ
Ħϣˣ˵ûһĿȻĿŻ·ϵĻƱȽϹŹ֣ʽӣһӺʡ
ǵţˣԴģȻĿͷ񾲣һ֮УС
ôˣӶʧȥʶ
Ǳղŵı֣ԼĦʱԷΪٶԱǴʱģ･˵ס
ӣһ߿ڶţһ˹ȥ
ڶŵ࣬ˣ˵װҲΪӣ˴ŵۣλҲ࣬Ȼв𣬵𲻴󣬶Ҳ죬óǱһ
˵·ɫͬΪڡϡ
ߣ룬СڣԵ£
ߣ룬ŷеţ
ɴߣѩУԵޣ
ɫߣ룬ߴԵô
ˣټԱӣ㹹˵ڶš
һţֻһˣߣĦδ롣
֮ɨһ飬ǱΪλʶڣȤϵߺĦʵ˵ĸףѾ˲²⡣
ʶÿһƺŲͬЧã㡭
Ǳ˼֮ʱ߹߼ݣһŻвʮľ롣
ʱԭĿһ˫ٿ
һתǱ
Ǳ۾ͣ˲ӡ


281 黯
ǱĸоܺȻزϡ
ǰʮ֮ң͵۾ڿзһȦ֮ڵϡ
ȣȣȣ
һϢұһڣӰ˸һ͡
⴮ſŻԲһ˿š

Ĳϵ˿ɮ۹ĵ죬վڿ֮С
ƲСֻȻǿԴͷζӿ֣ǿңûкг㲻ȭ⡣
ĳǱߵʱ򣬲ΪߣҼʶҲ˺ܶ࣬ʶֻԾعô򵥵ĶȴѾǱ˴µΪϸ
ڿһΪֻƷڹһ˿ԵԸһȻڻ£һȭߣͻţʩչˡ
ǱĿһתԷŵǴϡ
⴮鵹Ǻһֽ˵ͬ
ǱĦżǼ̵ֽһʦ䲼٤ޡ
䲼٤޺䣬ޣǱն֫ʱӣǻˡ
֪վûлָ䣬ָˣɾҪˣֻʶƹ죬Ҳ֪иʲôʡ
ʵǱǰ߲ûֻ֣ʶй棬ǱʱΪԶԶԷ浶ʵǹĶսֺܻܿвͬ
ʲôһͻȻĳǹĵԻУڻսҪֹ֪Щˣ᲻ҲһҼȻˣ̵ܲͷ뿪ɣ
ͷǱӰȻģһ󼲷תӹʮǰȻҲ˵һ̧һǣϽĦ𵴣ƣ档
ֽ̣Ħδ룡
һۣӿ³ôһ仰ϢǣȫƤתͨ졣
𹦣ʮɹ
ߵڣԴԴĴӵбӿϯȫޱȣ֮£ƥȫƽĳܼޣ·Ҫеե⣡
̣̣̣
ߵޱһƤԳȶȣ˿˿죬ˮƤͣѸ̿תΪ֮ɫ
˱ķɢƿߵĳǱһ壬üͷͻȻ˻¯ĸо
üͷ壬µûһ˿ζһ͸ߵԴϡ
ȣ
һ£ǱȸеһԾԾԵҪڣԼֲǴһ˵Դϣǰ˹̵̿һ㡣
ţߵԴžꡱһȥ۶ڱжѪǳǱ֪ʶڵһнΪáҲãҲҪΪԼˡ
ʱ
𹦣ʮɹ
ѾѪԴȥһߣͻȻֱȳ
ţϱѾڵϢٴαǣ

˷ӰյķŤҲҪƵģǱ۷ǵĻ⣬һҪƾնȼģ
۳˹һ˵ʮɹȫǵ˵У񲻹׳Ųʮɹһ˼ˡ
ͺߣʮɹһȻ˾ˣԼƤȾͱգˮɥʧ̿ڡ
ʮɹǳӣ
ָǱ֮£ӳԭˮƽƣ˶һԣط̼ӶǱܣ
ȻΣʱ̣Ļڣҽ̼֮ܵ£ҲԷĳӳʮɹ
£һվǲʩչʮɹǱһͷ֮󣬲ٴƾձʮɵĹδ֡
ʱΪҪ˵ʮɹˣǱʮɹǱҲֺ
ûֻؾ޳ĻȴԵЩӣǱ̾һͷϵҲѹֻеĴȻһ

һ죬ȵ𵴲ƴӳǱϺХƫסɢΧɢǾۼһ𣬷ӵ£
ž
һ죬ߵȹ˲Ϣۣת۰һأſڵء
䣡
ţȻ飬ΪһööַһԼöŤ䶯ڳǱǰһһеģܿƽϢһС
ţȻһ׹𹦡
ǱߣƯǰļöַһɨݶʱȻء
Щ֣¼һΪ𹦡ڹķλƷ֣ǱѾ⹦ԴԺηˡ
Ǽ̵ֽѧܹϢҵʱֻؾŹ
УǱ֪˹֣ҵкţһЩϸ΢СŶ˳ͺһ˹ʮߣдµĵһ㡣
ңǱϵͰ䲼٤ޡĦδǰĽ־Դжϳⲿα
ٵĻǿ϶˲پ
뵽ǱתûгڹмС
⵹ⲿģô˵ҲƷŵҲɱᣬʶչ졢棬ܵġ
Χɢ俪һööַ˷ֳôһƪ⣬ڼ仯ţ໥ӵţ嵽˵һŵϣۣΪΡ
֡
λֽʦָֻ֮ǰģϥĿס
һĻǱһâ߸ղ֮Ķ뵽Էһ顢ַĹ죬˼·
Īǡ
˼֮ʱƯǰĹ΢΢һ𣬽ɢַתŵߡ
ԴˣǱҲûֳ֮ɫ˼Ϣҡҡͷǰһ
ৣ
ٴ۾Ծͬʱ˫âһʵʵâ
Ǳһ̤
¡
ʶĵذǽھǱʧԭأڸոǰҲ𻰣һңͰߵԴϡ
ǣǣǣ
߻δڿգȥȫ̱֫ٺȫ飬˻δأɢһööַ
ַƮֳţǱǰУһһУμ
ܿ죬ƪƯŵ¡
һƪǼ¼Ź𹦣һƪոµݡ
껯Ƿ
ǰƯŵ֣Ǳǰһӹϲ³һЩݡ
ѵǼֽ̲ٿʶķţҪ飬ʲôŶ򵥵ĽһЩ̺һ˿ɭľ֮һ̶ϣľ
Ǳţüͷ塣
ɭľľ飿⿴Щ־;⡣⻹粻ͣϲµһ仰ûͷûβģɻ࡭
ǱֹţȴٿһӰ񣬼һűɫӡ
ǿӣô˫ͷİϣѰսƷǱȻ˵սƷÿдãǶԷȴǲϣǿӣһЩΪսƷĵҩǱϣλʶ֮ڣʶ壬޷óӡ֤
ǿűɫӣǰҲоȴûҳʲôͷȻ˫ͷִϣƽѵԼ飿
Ǳ뵽ǰƪ£ֲɢַؾ֮֮۳塣
ǱƳһۣ̤һ
ৣ
۾ֻΣûüǱ־
ž꣡

Ϣ֮
𹦡껯ǷֹΪ
ǱĿζɨǰƯŵļ֡
Ǽ̵ֽǲСӣΣϵоȷʵ˴۽磬δϸҲܴſ⼸ãǰڵĴвͬ
ɢʮ֮󣬳ǱϸһЩ顣
ÿԷһΣͻһƪŹ֣Щ󲿷ֶͼֽйأ·ǽߵļгȡƵġ
Ȼڵƪ֮󣬳ǱٻߣûµĹˡ
Ǳ֪ߵʶУһֻ߲
֪Ȼʲô飬ʩչЧֱܹ˵ʶ֮ϡ
Ư֣Ǳи̾ţͨ˿⼸ƪŻǺһǴɳǱʶ棬ʶʶȻΪЩ޻̸֮
ܿ죬ַ¹֮
ǱҲ֮ŵˡ
ҶЩ֮˵ĵϸȻ˽⣬ʶ壬ȴЩˡ
ֻǣǳǱεȶ֮⣬˶ûа㷴Ӧ
ҪҲ
Ǳ˼ţĿһת߼̨ϡ


282 ߴ죡
߼̨ףǰûκηֱ
ǣһ̨׵Ŀ飬ǱȻΪ̨׻û顣
֮ԳΪҷͻǡʶ壬ʶռ䣬Կʶɽþʶˣű
Ǳ۾ͷת
ˣĦ֮⣬Ҷǳμô˵ЩӦҵõʶ֮ǰʹڴˣܺǽ̸Ҳ
Ǳһţһ߿Ӱʵȴžŵߣҡҡͷ
ߣղŶֵʱȻ书ڣҴϣҲ֪ؾᡢֿɢ֮⣬ȴû˿һ㣬һ˵ô˽ʶʵ
ţǱƳһĦ
ңλЩδضԭļ䣬ĦͲʶһ񣬶һһˣЩԺ룬»ȡ
һǱתһգϽ𶯣ǿ֮һƽ³߰ſ£ַ
ǱȴĹ£ߵ߼̨֮ǰ
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أ
ļ米һ棬µĵذ嶼ˡ֨֨죬һظӡ
Ǳһݣָİ
ǡ֮ƣ֮ҵϣ
ͷǱо״ǡ
ʱһ̶ĺХԴ

ǱȲϰǱ紵ľһ㣬ҡҷµӰ
꣡꣡
ɫâһ
âдһȻ⣬䲻ȴⴼ񣬺ƳϾƣһ˵ζ
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ЩֻһĿܱúһ㣬ֶΡ
Ǳһ粻ǵΪ۷¶ߣֶΣʱͷֱصϢ֪һǻʵֶΡ
תͷһֻǵڶҲѾվ̧һֱֻۡ
ϵɫƮţȵϢɢǹеʣܡ
ѾͷһһµĳǱȻ֪ǶԷڽġơΧɢ
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³ô֣£ӰҲģڳǱԣϵϢޱı

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ڶһˣ̤˵һ̨ףһ˳֣Ƿζţÿ̤һһ˵Ƕֻ֣ӦԵõδһĳȥֱĲ㣡
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ʶʽڵģǱ־־Խᶨܶʶ˼άֶΣѲãԸոջʱǱչֳ˰ٱǵˡ
ڣֻǱһѹظҪſڵصĸоɴ˿ɼʱڳǱϵƣӴ˺εȵز
ৣৣৣ
ҰУһӰ֣Ǳͫһһţ缲Ѹٺˡ
ǰߵӰվЩҲûʲôУֻƾյȡɴ˦䣬һۿɼɫÿһչֳͬѰơ
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Ǳֻекȫһ˺ѸУ֫ѡһ㡣
ʹϯóǱ˲Լһʼʶ߻อʱܡ
˵ʶҲأǱ⣬ĿӵĳֻҪᶨģͲеʹ˺ڣʹȴζʵӳԱ⡣
Ȼ̤ϵˣ̤ϵĲȴѣҪʶܽҿͲ֪Ҫȵʲôʱˡ
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ʵ硣
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ܵǽ͸һڻڹӰ£ɢϢһֹ֮⡣
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Ǳ˫еɫԵЩͣάѾһˡ
ͻȻ

þòĳǱһָ鶯¶ζ֮ɫ
ʶ㡭
ǱڻζղʶڣֱӺʶ飬عʱ龰
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̤ϵһ̨ףڶŵ߸ȫվ쾳ʵ٣ʶ棬Щ˶ǻʵ֣һ֣ѣǵԵʵˡ
һߣ߸˸ȳǱǿ󣬷ǵ³ˡ
һˣǱĵȴǷһ˿ϲ
֣ԲԼߣ϶ֶսǰ벽죬ϰٱǣս㣬ܲʤ㻹˵ܳಫĻɻ٣ʶ㣬ṩ˲Ķ֣
Ǳ˷ܣҲûںη̧һסʯͬʱҲע⵽УһϸСɫᾧ
ע⵽ĨɫǱʶʶǰĻ棬۾
ŽᾧʱҵдܳӦú˹йأҲܹܵڤڤԭڡ
Ǳ۲ᾧ֮ʣǰʯ̨Ȼꡱһ³
ţ
ɫᾧջأǱĿǰȥʱ֣ʯ̨ȾͷǽڣҲˡꡱĻɵǽ棬¶˺ľ
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ʲô
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ľˮ
ϳֵ˼Ǳδüϸ˼㿴ǡ·ľϣӰţ¶һ˵Ӱ
ɫ멣ᣬȴһɲŭϡ
Ǳž֮ˣһתҲ˹


283 ˣ
ʲô
ע⵽ϸֳӰǱ˹ȥ
Ǿ֮ˣȻҲת˹ڳǱϣϸֳȻ֮ɫȥһ̣ЦԵšݡ
λѣӣѾõˡ
óǱǣ֮ſ죬˵Ļ˾棡

ǱȴɫҲֻǾؿǾ档
˼Ǳû𻰣Цţ̨ǽ˽֮أõǣѹӦľ£֪ɷ֪
˵ͻȻ뵽ʲô̧öͷ
Ҳ֪ݼ֮ص˹񣬵ǿò硢̬˹˲ͬʿ
Ǳɲɫȴͷ˼ŸոϢ
˹Ѫôϳľ£Ǳ΢΢һǿɫᾧڡ
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Է˵ţѣƺ˿ǱĬв
ͬʱǱĿϸϸشžϵӡ
ͲһһԵº͡滺غʹյĸо棬˵ĻȻڽύѯʣǻﻰ⣬ƫһʣˣ;Ծܾ
ͺλ߰Ȼƽ׽ˣȴĻη塣
оԳǱ˵ȴû̫Ӱ죬ֻڶԷԼ֮£˼š
֮ʱʲô˼ǶѾôɽ£֪ѿ˶ٶѨÿƮɢ⻹
׽仰һڳǱԼץסʲôؼţĿһתӵ
澵ӷǳ죬˵ѾǾˣȻԱ滹ǵӳųǱΧľ
⡰µľ棬ľͳǱΧЩҲһƬȣǾеˣվŵˣĴݳôһϢ
澵Ӱĵط仰˵澵Ӹڽͨţ
ţ˺棬˶ɱ⣡
ȻǱƤһӦԽӡ
ӵӣһ̬Ľ˶ˣһˣԲϣұϡ
ǶϱȻ뾵治ⲢĿͶǹĵ⡢ɱ⡢⣬Ǳž涼ܹԼĲ׽
ƺгȻ޷ǣ飬չֳһֻټŵĴޡ˵ӦļҼĿУǱ۾
˵ʮ¡ϣԳǱĺԣϵ֮ǰڶѨͨĶԻݣǱ׾Ͳ³˶Էݡ
һϳĿУŵģӵҲͺ֮ˡ
ӾǴϪĺѹһһָʹζԭǻʼҹУ׳˶ӣҲǳ͢ˡ
Ǳţע⵽Ŀǿ԰Լŭɱ⡣
ɱɱĳסĿҪôԼľˣҪôǺȨģĿɱӳ˵ʱ򣬶Σ
뵽һ㣬ǱԺʶ˱仯
šĿжҵĺ⣬Ҫ̽ϱ鶼ܿҪվԱߣǹôӵóָӦȴݲ䣬̸Ц֪ģΪҪң
ž˵ӰǱиС
֮ǰڶѨͨ׽˵ĽŲǰˣټϴﶼ³ĸˣĸȴֻŲ˵һ˵ΪĪ⣬֮ҲṦݣ͵ûĦ
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΢΢һЦС̨Ȼ֪ҵݣȴԸ͸¶ҲͲ׷ˣǻ˵Щü޵ɡ˽ǣҵǣǣҾ͸ѡһΣ
ǺǱݣҲûֳʲô֮ɫ̬ݡ
ŶĪǻУǱüëֱ˳ûʲôϾ֮ǰӴﶼ³У͵֪ǡǵĳƺ
ţ̨֪ǣ
Ȼ漴ЦҲǣֻҪ˳ŸӦѨ¶ʵҲ㲻أСΪ̨һ
Ǳԣɫ΢䣬֪Է«ʲôҩ
ǱߣѾʼ˵
ʵ֮мأĶѨ֮أǧǰ˵ѱߣ֣ҲͰչż˵ҵ⴦Ѩ
û뵽ϧһֽȵǣõǣǣǵ־ʹ˱Ҳ֮ͨͨصĵ·
Ƿ֣֣ǴǾ£м֮أǣϵĽǣҵõǱе飬µĻлľˮǡ
ǱŶԷ˵ЩɻȻʣֻףλΪλôϲ㲻Ŀеĵ⣬ԼͶԷƽһʳĻӣôô򵥾Ͷİ˽ǳ
ǡǱüͷһ塣
һߣ۵˿˿â˸Цݲ䣺ʱӦֱǣĸоʵ֮ص֮֮µǣĻУп飡
Ŷ仰˳Ǳע⣬뵽ú
Ц˵̨Ϯľ֮ˣ֮ءϮˮµģͽ֮أĹϵŲϸ˰ɡ
ľˮˣǱһҵ˹ɣľˮˮ˻𡢻˽𡢽ľ
ûͷ˵ǱĻһɻΪλ˿ϲ֮ĳޡ
Ǳ۾
ȻһЦԭܼ򵥣ҪõǣҪֱ֮أ֮أ˴֮ص֣֮⣬һַǴ򿪾š
ţ
ֳǰһָǰһ˸µľӣǾţÿ涼бʾ򿪺󣬿ͨӦ֮ءֻܴһΣһٿ߽ȥҪǿд֮
˵ź
Ҳ˵ӽǳȿľ֮أͲٽطˣ򿪾ţȥڣҲͬٽǵء
ǱԳ
飬붴Բ㣬ңδе˵ǳȣԣҪǣͨѡһõǺǰ֮أŻʱ˭УҪƾˡ
˵ţɫϿң۵ȴһĨ֮ɫ


284 ѡĵţ
ңûõǣԼã
Ǳţʵ
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˵ţЦҡͷԵҲδֿܹͨܳɹû񻤳֣类ʶʧҪ˵þˡ
˵ţ̧ͷۺϵؿųǱ
õǣ͵ڳȴ澵ӣڣ̨ڵĽ𾵣涼ûκηӦɴ˿֪ǻδ˵֣õˣ϶Ҳû
ŶԷͣǱ½֪úҲ˶УԶ˵ĴЩ²⡣
˵ö˿Ҳν񣬱֮صĳĽ֮صգǡж;Ҫص׳ȣ»ҪѲٵĹ֪֮أǷҲˣ
뵽ǱĿٴ䵽Ŀϡ
׾жϳĿеΪߣҲܽţǷŵ֮ﻹǱʣΪ֮ͬУЩɳ۵ıϮʱǺѼ˵ԷΣ
Ŀڻĺúõģҿģ½Ƕû˵ѵûоΣգѵ˵ΪֻԵɺϣ˹õɫâһ·Σոֻǣ׳˶ӵΪԱ֤䰲ȫ
Ϊž棬潻̸ԳǱͨǣжϺΪߵͣҲЩɻ󣬺ɻ̫࣬һ㡢һ㣬Ҳ㲻ʲô
һ㣬ǱȸȻһ֪޲ԡ޲ģȻûпĵ
ղ˵ǣܿʲôĪɽϵĶѨ
ǱʳҲֻ֣ҡҡͷкܶĴԣжԵġҲдģҪ֤αǰӡ֤֮⣬ĶһЩżΪա
˵⣬һ£̧ţƺڻ䣬ż
ŷ˵ǲֻϸЩ롣ʵǰ˴η˵ھŴηʵؽӴ֮ʱı֣ǰ˴βͬ
仰˵ûֳȥĻգˣҲ޷档
żҲȫţʹδ˵˷֮󣬻ּʮѨÿﶼƮɢ˵ⶴѨֻһʱǣһͿʼɱ
ֱɱѪأѨѪϢûҵͷֱһ˽붴ѨżȻأ·֮¡
˵ţųǱЦȻˣصֻЩҲ⾵֮Ӧÿһ澵ӵı߿򴦣һŻϸסܴ򿪡
ǱͷɨűԵȻһڻζղǷ
һ˽ǰһ˾ͻ£ǲʲôУȻᵽ˹żοɲ꣬˵ҲһζţҪ֤ʵһС
뵽ǱĿһתɨĿһۡ
ͺ˺뻢ıƤ֮ǰﶼ³սһ£½𣬿ңͳ¸ͣɻǳ¼֮ˣ¼ȴĺӣѾҪ˳͢ˣļҵ¡
һ˿Ȼ
ЩܼλϪôܷŹңֻ̬ⷬΪռǣʱƣƽһʱޣӦ˽ȻͬǸУ˴ҪأӴǱ밲ˡ
һˣǱתͷ˿Աߵļ澵ӣúĻ˵ľš
֪еһóȻȥңֻ֮һķ֮һĻҵһߴʧȴȻֻǰء
Ǳɫ˼ţ･˾
ңⲻһЩ鷳ǣ̫ˣЩиѡȷĽ
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ЩԺ£ӦЭͬ̽ѰأҪȫ֡
ЦŰڰ֣е˼¶ĺ
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ǣǸóޣ̽ȴ˼ˣԷ׷ԵĿ¾Ͳֻˡ
뵽Ǳ˵ϵǣǲأڿȥͨ
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ȻܷҵطƻҪöᾧ
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䣬͸棬˳ȥ
֮صĳڣڰĿС
С˶ȡֻ֮õĵطԲԣпܣ׷κһµġ
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ģ˻˼ˡ΢΢һЦʣǰҪΪЩҲǷá


285 Ĵ֣Һθɣ
֮£Īڵƴȫ֮ãȻʹࡢں޺;ȥ˵ţĿ䵽һƬڵĽ֮ϣЦԽԽʢ
ǳǱײУ²ᰲĸү°үղȫûҪ˵Ŀ˵ţ¶һɲ֮⣬ɱӳˣܹģ
кߣͲһеĳȥˡ
˵μ̰ĿðĻҲգ̰ΪãǵΣң˵ȻʵЩطû˵Ҳû˵ȫűشۣ
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Ŀл˵ʱһԵ׳˶ͻȻǰߡ
˿Уүôֲָֻţñ־ˡү㣬ίֻʱδˡ
һ˵ĿһʶԼΪ޶Щʧ̬ˣæظ
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ĿⷬԭأһŻعɫ˲Ǻ죬ͨһٴιڵأͷ
Слүūߵл¡
Ŀеͷĵ죬Цݲ䣬Ȼܡ
Զ״ɵȴǰĺԶڶǵĴϪʵۡ
λϪռޱصĻʵֶۣļۣһΪŵȣߴ͹٣ΪūեѸƽ
ڣܶѾūΪ٣Ŀһˣ֪
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ȻĿ֮ǰıѾܹȷϳǱˣǺҪ׿ȷһ䡣
ûǳǱɻҶϵã
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Ŷ˵ΪӦòߣϾɱֵ֮ʱҲѪΪʹٿ죬Ҳڼµʱڣͽɣ
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ֻǣǱһͨˣôӵ񣬻ҵ֮أõǣ֮أ飬ûУǾҪ޷ȵգһǡ
˵תͷĿкһۡ
һˣҲһ֮ˣ˻֣Ͳ̫ΣҲܽΪõǣΪҪǱֻǸ̨ϵСһĶֻˣܵġ
˼ţûпѹĿкҲ
˶һۣ֪ղŶ̶ʱڣԼӾȻô顣
ѹûóȻ֣ȰնԷȥѰǡĿ̾Ϣһū֪Լǳһ¶벻͸ı֮ˡ
ıƨҡҡͷʵóǱȥѰǳⷽĿ֮⣬ҲΪ룬ǱĳˣһϵѾעˣɱռǣʱҲʡȥ鷳ɱ֮һá
˵ţüͷ
Ͼ֮գһΣգܶһֱֻ֤ղߵ̫û˵ǽһȾţΪ˷ֹظ룬ҲòҲһ¡
һ׹⡣
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ǣͷӦĿɫ죬ԵЩ˸̬һֵĵڵģ
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ƾα任Σǵǲ벻ƹ֮
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⵽׻Ǵš
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ɱңǳ͢ʵӣ㲻һ鲼£ɱң֮춯أɶס㣡ؿڵľʹ˻


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ⷬ˵ĵӣĳǽɪɪ
ͬʱ᧿Σֻλõĸоδ뵽Լ֮
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Ѫڱ˺Ѱľʹǵʵʣڣգ

½󱾾Ϳѣֱһ壬ܵ𵴣еƷľɫġɫġɫġɢڵϡ
ɶ񣡳ǱǱҼסˣΪΪڵģ
Ҳȥȥֻǵ˫ۣضųǱеĺ⡢ŭţһڴˡž졭
ţǱһһ˿ס
ƣ
ţͿᴩ˵ĺһһѪ̾ί٣ͻȻ֮ʮꡣ
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һأλϪҲ˵һ̤ˮһƬɫУ˳Ⱦͷ澵ӡ
μޱȣҸղѪƵõķǳͻȻһȻ嵽ӸǰҲдʲô֣һ죬סһŻ򿪾ž塣
Ǳû뵽ɣƴ٣ҲҪסõһԻָʱ򣬾֮ʱ
޺޵ţϵԹ֮ɫŨһ̤ӰۿžҪеĺڰû
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һ˳ǱٱǵľŻδɢı֮ХڵֱͦͦײںıϣɢǾִĿ׶ҪѿοǺܵش
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ǿ˵˾𻰣ĿиеܵĺڰУһ֮ͺĳţ˲δ߶ȴѸƶţƯڿУڲȴܸоطڶԻ
ӣ⾵桭
Ŀл˵ȻҽһžߴꡱĴغ
Цţкâʢָ͵һ߬
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һָϹǣһһһƬŽǵѪⱻ˺

ڰУĿеĲҽʱƣʧںڰУٲš

֮صĳУǱѾر˵ľоţĬȻ
ãҡҡͷ
ǴˣΪһʽ뵶ɱУɨƽ֣иõܵˣܿк󻼣ҵԻǲȡ
˵ţջس
ոգǱʩչһУΪ뵶ͷĴڡ
Ǳ֮ǰеľ뵶ͷνߵѧѪͷһۣѧּߣʦžѧ辶ôһƷ
뵶ѹֶΣȴǾʽУΪһ
ŵһһ룡
Ϊ롱京ĺܴһָ֣һնȥϣӶĿ롣ȴУǽڵľѪһնȥ
ʵȫԸ
ԳǱһն벽߷ӡһϡ
ʽ뵶ľϲڶʽֻϤǰľУϰصš
ֶΣɻƷεĵΪ漰֮ܵƣɵȳǱѧ֮󣬲ǿԶԶƷܹݵġ
ʵܺ⡣
Ʒʩչ뵶ǽѪȣ䵽˳Ǳ֮ҲԻ뵶У
ο⵶һϤˣȭⶼС
ߵУǾ͸ˡ
ͷʾеʱ򣬾ʾ֮УȲҲͰѰٲ⼸˺ϱĴնϣ
ѧᣬȫУԵеʽնȥҵΪҲܷâ⣡ҲСҿӦõĲࡢԵʡ
Ǳ׿۾ζųһ̵ĸоеֻʶʩչʵ⻹ͷһΡ
ҲգѾߣ֮ǰţ͸еĪ⣬óȻ׷ȥҲнֻ´ˡҪռǣõľǣӦûٴʱмƽϡңƿϢί٣ʧأҡ
Ǳţ档
ϣѷ촦ʯ֮⣬ɢǸղŴӺµĶ
ǱĿתЩһһɨҩƿơᡭ
գͣһɫϡ
Ƕͨ⻬ȥͬһͨʯ
ӹҪץˡ
ǱаֽʯʱǶڲĴϢĸ֪׽
ֺءصϢӦþеˡ
ǱֹţͻȻһ£Ȼӻȡһƿοӣһɫᾧ
ϵĽᾧǣǱ۾
ᾧ֮ǰľģôܲܡ
˼ţоâ˸¶˷֮⡣


290 ;ɽľ
ϵǱ˼
ǰȰٽ죬ʱ򼴱ֻֻؾת֮£˴תȻûйת֮£ȴǶԴͷԶˡ
Ǳţּղʹ޼ʱ
ѧġֻؾǹűȡǡԻԱ⾳ţ̤ؾǰĲ㡣
һ㣬ǽԣͬԴڻһҲǱԪ
Σ߲ƿȣܹо˵ı
ڶ㣬ȴ͵һ㲻ͬǽֿԶӶһĴ⡢û߸ȣñ߸ǽ˸Բ룬ûš
֣õľ޼𣬶߳ǸһĹؼ֮⣬ãǱսһӣᡢ
޼󣬿ҲڵʩչξҪ;ƿݣ⻹ԽԪָõĲ汾˾ı֣ĸûۣ˵ãɸˣ
ԽʽķѵԽࡣ
ʵճ˵ڹҪϾҪ򹦷֮⣬Ҫ㹻ˣҲ˹ţһȻˮɡ
ǳǱһ·ȥƷζʽڹѸԲ˵ȴʱȥ
ڵڣѾ˽쾳ȴṳֱ̂룬ǵĳͷȫ֮⣬оǽ֮󣬾ߣȴϣ޴ʽԳ־ʩչ
ƽҲͰˣ£Ʋ֮ʣһϸƾеĶ֣ȴΪľ·磬ǿɾ͵òʧˡ
ԽԪָǰ߲εʽ˲ȫ޼𣬵ҲǰҪҪĿǰõķиΪƾնһϵ
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Ѿ߱Ϊ;ĹϵԪҲǱƿˣûľкеļ룬޷ԪͶ뵤ˮȴˣ
˫ͷһսУǱעһ½ԪһԪԪͱԪͻըΣ
Ǳһȴ㰴ǰľ飬˴ԼӶӻΣ
һʱ޷ˣΪƿصıԪҪάƽ⣬ʧ⣬Ԫߣ㸲֮Σ
һµǰڣǱõĴ˷Ȼ޷ãר塢ͷ̣ԵҲûʲôӰ졣
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;׹ǵ֮ǰս֮ϵġ
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طǱ֮棬ͷȴû¶̫ɫȻҲо̾һ͡
;棬ֻ壬ڱֱԭԡ
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쵶ͺḁ̊́һ㣬ˮһͣоͺнΪãʱ䳤ˣԽԽͱбһ£ɢ⵶Ҳͻۡ
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ǱΪ;ĸ֮󣬻ͷһ꣬λϥϵߣ˰ΣóǱΪԷڿϧ
Ǳȴÿϧ˵׻Ǹõģϣǲָͷʵûֱ̫
ʵϣֻصУôĻǱҲŹѳһԶ;
һҲ˾ϲ֮ƣһѽĴ벿ֶΪ˳Ǳֵָ
ǱΪǲתģѰƣΪָ֪˶ٰѱС
ֻǣıԽ࣬һ𣬱˴֮໥ƣήͶ;
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;ԽɰĽǵڵĽԪҲءһ˿һ˿ǣ
뽫ԪǣҪѺܴĹʱ䣬ķ궼пܣ˶;ǽԪѸٵĴӵгȡָڣԶ;ҳǱָ֣һ¥
ֻյĹǵڵĽԪȥʮ֮ߡ
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ֻǣζлδСѭ޷ֻ̤ؾĵڶ㣬ֻȫ
ңһ֣̫󣬳Ǳһֱ֮ڵڣٶãΣ԰벽ĺʩչ
뵶һʽķѲСֻصͨıУܲסı޷ȫע룬лûȥȾͱˡ
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䣡
ұ֮ڣͻȻһըһ㣬졣
ţǱһֻصаγ̽ץǽڵѷϣһ
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ǰұھ
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Ϊˮ𣬽ԪΪ𣬶ľУˣǿʼ֮ǰҪģ̽һţ۾
һٷʱ֮󣬳Ǳһ۵һâϲҲź
ȻܾȫҲ㲻ˣ㿪ʼɣ
һǱһѾõӱ֮ɫᾧ֮ϡ

һ̣ﶼ


291 йλ
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ɳĺţһĨŨɫ˳Ǳ֣Ϊת۱
ɫᾧͲϢɢȥʼѸС
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ǱţĶãһ߸仯ʶǣǵ̺ĺ仯ľ뵤һ֪ǵı仯
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һʱ֮䣬Ǳĵһţ໥˺ڵϣǣ֮£óǱΪ֮ǿļͳ̶ȳͨ߰ٱֹѾ͡ըѣóǱƶˡ
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Ϊ˵ĳǱȴƺûзԣǳʶۣеһ󲿷ֶ֮ϣĬȻȴš
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ʱٴ濴ϸȥĻұѣֻΪұѷ졣
϶ȻֺϣĻҲ͸ȿӶĻɫâɢڰ
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۾۵׺ƣֹâһ
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һΪɫɢϢ
һΪɫɢǿϢ
һΪɫûʲôϢɢȴԵȶʵ
Ǳŵڵı仯
һҲǽиˣɫᾧ̺ľ̫ˣ޷֧һűԴֻΪӣɢľ֮άֵƽ⡣
ղţǱڣȱһ˴ˣһ飬һ˿룬УڳǱʶĵ£λѭ
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ʱȶ
Ϊľ̫ϡ٣޷ͱӦǱҲûнԪ뵤ֻȡһ˿ִӿǵһ˿Ĺѭάֵڵƽ⡣
˴ǣֻһڵУͿ໥ԼʧأǱͻҲܹʹˡ
ҲãиڣתҲܲϳʵܵõľǣеľһڶʱγսҪǣнѾ԰Ľ쾳ˣ
죬ҪζнСѭζڵ;нһȶϵҪԵҪܵϵų⣬ͽѹ
ڣǱڽ֮ǰʹиȻûˣںˮֻҪˮˡ
ҲգҲʱ䣬һݣСѭҲˣʡ֮ٳЩʣûʱ䡣
Ǳⷬ˵Եúɣ·Ӱ벽̤쾳Ƕôɵһ㣬Ҫ֪һ;֮еʱǵԿ
ǱҲģ±۾
ǿӶڹâʧָš
Ӷ֮⣬Ҳһ밲
һᡣ
ľͷȻžһ죬ʲôˡ
ţŲ˹ӽ
˺СģתһȦû˼ǰм߽˳ȣȻʬס
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¹˺Эһ𣬴ͳ֮⣬ûˡ
䣬һ
ţǰ飬Ӱɣ飬ϡһԲϵ
Ҳá
˵ţִҴ뿪ûãӵĽŲ⴫
һһӰС
Ϊ׵ģȴһߣ׹⣬һֳצһ˵Ĳӡ
ⱻŲӵˣĽСƤ磬毺ãɫȴЩڣֻвһƬ𪡣


292 ҽڣ
͸ղǸһģһء
׺˵ţֱһգŵֱһһקǰȥ
Ǳ֮ˣʹ֮ʹᣬȴһŮӡ
׺һ죡ȻϷϻӣʱҵҪҵСӻ᲻ỹôŽ㣡
׺ߵľ棬ǱŵŮӣȻҲη壬ͬЦһǰǰЮСŮŮ֮ȥȻɨأڻԿš
죡
׺۾һţݺݵصøѾͷѵϷˣǲ֪˵ţָһ䣬ŮӶʱҺһѪ
Թ
һȴܲ
ǰ㲻УѯϢˣαس²ߣ
˵ʱǿѹŭһһԵӲ
˵ʵ֪ĳ˾һ⣬Ҵˮ֮س֮أᷢʲôʵڲ֪Ҳôģ֮Ҳδ֪
˵ţкâ˸ٿš
󣬻վˣһһ״ɫǳǱ游
׳˶ӣȳ˸߳һͷǻӶĸףޡ
һϾ֮ɫв֮ɫ۾ǰ׺ߡ
㲻Ҫ̫ˣգһܹ֮ȹ÷³ɼЭŶԣأ˵š
ƥ˵õϷҲɵӣһѾͷˣ̾ҪΧΪ׺ҡҡͷЦУλµСΪͣ죬ҪǴ¹˭֣δ֪
ߣҲҪ⣬ΪˣҪΪûε㣡ŵĻ֮شһѣʱ򣬸ղűĲҺŮֻĻѿڶ
仰ЦŶеѵǺˣǿĪڲƭϷһЦϷͨ쾳ĸ֣Ҳƴɱңѵ죿ǻѣ
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ţ״ǰû㣬ԹݷǱѰ󣡡
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Ҳ磬뱣סѾͷʵң֮кΰأǷҲǣ
˵ţɿ֣ŮӶʱȴûгûܣΪԼڶԷУ룬ӣǵӪȣŹ׷
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ҡҡͷܵõһ£ǰõˮǣαֵ¤أ֪
ٷϻһϷĪǻҪСĽ̻岻ɣ˵ǲ˵˵ھһƱѾͷһ̧ơ
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ָָɵڵصǰ뿴ذִѣڴ˴򶷹ʣˣѵ£ͱ˸ȡˣ
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ڴӺµЩҲ类ǱĻжȥң
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һ֣֮ɨЫĺҸһ̣ץϷĲӣͽֱסȻ֪ΪʵȻս³νҡ
ͷһתʱͶ
⾵һŶȻأδⲻһλԵõ˵øҹɣҪһؽ棬СƺͳҲйʱһɱ
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ǱʱûйȥˣڳУ⾵ģ֮ܵҲΪǿңֹƤ͸ǣѪҺӰ죬ÿһСÿһС鼡ⶼܵ

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ǱпܻǲҪðգѳȥȥɣʵڲУǱҵһ·ӿ񣬶㡭
ųǱ˼ɤӣҲһΪ⣬һŶȥ
ǺһƬںɫâԭڵЫȺ֣ȫš
ЩЫӣȻ֣ЫãΣǱͻȻжЫûüȺЫͱƸҲԩ

һɫĺ⣬мԭ֪ЫҲһš
һȥֻ֮ʣˡ
˳Ǳ֮⣬áذˡ
ǱܵҲǿȴΪ֮ˣأӲĵֿԽǿϰģҲޣͬʱĿתҲעΧơ
һߵУӰģģȻǿΪߵذӡ
һ˵ߵΪԽߣԽǼᶨԺ̬ΪǰĶҪȭ⣬ö֮Ȼᶨײᶯҡ
ŶѪֻҪмᶨܷȫѪӶֿ
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Ǳ״ҡҡͷĿ䵽úϡ
ֻŮУõѾд󲿷ģƽˮŮͼһ㣬ۿžҪ뿪ˣȻûдô׵ؾͱڣ͸¶ᶨ־
УһҪ֣ЩֲСЫӲŸսȥڽȥһǣǿǺã
߶ţģϣд˼ᶨ֮ɫ
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־ȥϰĻɾͻǳˡǱֹһ䣬Ҳ֪ǲܵġ
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üһɲԸЫӡӻһͷ㶼ҪγȭˣΪ̫ͣʱҪġ塢һ
ڳǱľ̾Уõ׻ǽһš
Ȼޱȣȫ١ѪⶼŹǱ־ټᶨҲֻܱôȥ̬
ôһֻʣˡ
߶ţĿһת䵽ϣţӿ֮⡣
ֻλҽڴˣӰȻҲģϻԭأҲק΢΢ƶȴԵǱƮţһֳɵʡ
ʱҲڿųǱͬоȡ
λӣĪҲ֮ˣľֿܹ񣿡˵ţ֮Եࡣ
ľʲôڼ̵ֽĹ֮ϣҲ֡
Ǳԣͷһһ棬ʶУߵ壬гȡһֻƶ䣬ǱҪʵûȥϸϸ䡣
ע⵽ǱϵȻȸӲ֪ľȴҲܶǶ־ˣֻҪǰأ޷ϸ̸Եټһˡ
£˲ģΪһذɫ⣬ȥ
Ǳ۾ҲΪ⣬֮ǰ˲²⣬ӦҲõһǡ
ʹЫӵ˵ӻҽ֮أ֮أ˵ӦǴӻ֮ǰģʮа˾䵽ϡ
뵽ǱͻȻ뵽һ¡
ˣ˵ǷУҼʶˣأң˵߲ôΪûˮϣӦϣľǱõ
ǣûһϵģ⾵ܹͨĵأȴû¶ߵӰȥ
ǱţĿ䵽ĸŶ֮ϡ
Īǣֱȥ֮أղĻǰʾңͨţ֮ܽأô
ţǱӣᶨǰȥ
ܱţԽŶԽǿңԽҪᶨ־άβ䡣
ԽԽʧȥ̬ҲԽĥ־ѵãܴ
ţǱĲԽᶨڴƣ֮໥ȭëɢ
ţǰҲͣ٣һ̤룬ӱкڰû
ֱһ̣Ǳᶨ̬Ρ
뿪֮󣬳𶯵ĸӾңʯ£ǽϵıڻҲѵ¡
ڣҡҷ
΢ͳЦд
úúãѹ뱾ֽһ


297 еر

ǻҡţеͳֱʧ
ʧǻҲȻϨ𣬲ڳԲȿҲѸ򵽵ĲУһµĲӸƮ
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粨ƣƮƮڣż³Ҳ㣬һ·£
ڲ뿪֮㳹ڰ
š
¡¡
Ҳ㶯ױ

ʯⲻ֪˶೤ʱ
֮⡣
ĿռУһɽҡšʼɽвʱӴľִӵ̽
ȫɵӴӣӵ
ޱۡȣӴϰӵ̽沨˹Ǳ鲼ռڵ֮貵̻һ㣬ѤõĻɫ⻪أ
ţЩ֮˥ߣ֮ǰı·ǽ֮˵Ļعⷵգöݡ
䣡
һӴĻ˲жΪ
ԶԶȥټĿռһƬƬĵƾհࡣ
ͬʱ
ƬȴʵʵڴڵĿռƵľޱ䣬ݡ

ϣϣϣ
ĽУдɳӿڿײţۼһһ㣬ڵͶ´ƬӰ
ƬһۿͷĴĮɳĮеÿһɳǽн֮
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ܿ죬ڿնıͣΪɳƮ
ܵĽ֮ȥתĴ
ɳĮݣ

꣡꣡꣡
֦ѵϡ
һƬɫĿռУľһ𣬹ɵ棬Ũľ֮ɢ
Ϣ֮ľ֮Ѹ˥ߣһɲϡ˥ܵϢȡֹ˼Ϣ˥ϢҲʧ

֦ҶѣһƬһƬһһ׹䣬·޵һ㣬Ҳͷ

꣡
һƬУŰ
ÿ㶼аȭͷСˮ֮зӵ
űĵ䣬ˮ֮Խϡ٣ȫ
Ǻ󡰺¡һͬɽкˮλѸٽͣˮ𽥸ɺԡ


ޱ߻𺣣ķȡ
һۿͷ۽ͷųȡ
һӿͨ쳹أмײڼɸߵĶϡ
ɢ
ȵĻ֮ռ֮ڡ
ܿ죬ҽеĻ֮ɫתɫ
ǣǣǣ
ҽȴΪڻɫʡ
ȻϨɫռΧ޾Եſȥ
һڶĻҲ
ܵĻ֮ɢת۲

²ӱĻСݵĽɳСѵľмСɺԵĺС̵ҽ³ȥ
Ҳǰ·Ҳʷֻһ·ֱС
ǲУϲ֮⣬ǵȴǧ꣬ҪԸοϲ
ˣˣɣѪɣһһнɣһߵۣɨޣԸµʮˣ
²ȭ⡢ʶ֮ơҲ־ںڰмӶܹڰ
ǡ
ţղźʲôȥˡ
ڰУй⻪
Ǳת۵ɫ⻪ת
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޴㣬Ҳ޴ԳǱ֮ܣҲֻǣ֮ƶңڣܹԼжҲԱóȻн׾ͻʧУ˳ǣн
֪ǰ󣬲涫ôƮڳǱʵ˷ʱ䡣
תһ룬ڣӾΧž˫Ǳӡͷ͸ɲóƤУͨ׽΢仯ȥи֪
йٶʧȥãͻЧǶƤеľʱܷŹ
뷨ǱƮۣҲôƾƤԭжȣȥ׽Χ仯
ҲΪ˺ڰžĻþ̼˳ǱıܣģʶΪۣ飬Լӽĳ磬ǲװ׵ĸдһ֮ĵĸ
ľУǱ֪ڼšʶʶĲ΢΢©͸⻪
Ǳ״̬
Դ巽֮ص²ӶȻǴ΢ԽӴĲ棬ӴʱĳǱ߻ȴƽˮϵ˿˿ƣóǱӦ
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ҰգҰĵ棬·ǻҰģһֳʪζ
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ĴһƬҰûľûлݣһɽ嶼ûУγǱôȥͷʹԶߵĵ棬ɲ˷ذ
Źֵĵط˻ɫûɫʡǱ˵ţ̧ͷգʱֵԲѾʧֵܿգֻǲ¡
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ﻹɽΧ֮ô֮ǰɳĮͻ֮ҲͰˣϷٻ㣬⵹ãգ硣ֻǣѾɽΧˣôȥ
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ң游ֲ֪ȥ֮ع󣬾ôţһʱҲͷԣţˣ
Գһ䣬뵽һ£̽뻳óһСӡ
ⱾӣǴӺģǱõ֮󣬻ûϸֻǴɨһ֣Ӷлˡ
Ȿ棬֪ûмأ֮صء
ǱĿڲӵķ֮ϣĸֶʱӳ
ժ¼


298 
µϸ£׼ĳޱȣȲѯؼأˣһָϡ
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ҳϻŵī㣬Ȼ½¼Ǻڶǰɽ֮ǰ˳¼ɲġ
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ǱϸطţԼҪϢ
˷Ԫᱻۼ֮ڣɽԳܣ¶Ԫ붴⡢ɽֻϡԪٲһֶáţ
һ䣬¶ɻ֮ɫ
ԪۼԪϡ־ұ仯ûɲ䲻죬ǸйĻԪ仯һио
ǱţɻԽʢֻܹüȥ
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ң䲻ٲڤڤⱾָϣҲҵ·ҷǺйǣֻǡף˵޷ӦҪõֻܿ붴ƴֻǣ߹ǿ
ţַһҳŷ֣ݵͽˡ
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ӣǱҡҡͷƬ̫ĿһۿȥͷôĵطѰһʯͷǣʵڵ죬οδ֮ǰûκ״滹Ϣ
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ڳǱ֮ʱǰȻʧϵı仯ȴӾңķ·
ǱУҡ΢΢ŵ׾һ¡

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̤

Ǳ磬ƻãڴһϸĺɫӰɫķȥ
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һڿлϸ·˲佫շֳ롣
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䣡
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ԶתڳǱپһ飬һɴĸоݹ
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ܿ죬ܵ𶯣Ǳòͣ²ӣ۾Χ
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ܵķذϣʯһֻֻ֣һͷ­һƿֳΡ
Щɫ԰ף۾Ȼ𣬵ȴ
ǻˣ˸飿
ڳǱһڵ;
˷ذ֮У˴齫ǰ·赲
ȻǱһ䣬оɣЩӷصȺУ˼Ӱ
ǱͷнǣǱβ
Щ֫Ӷͳ죬Щ֮
Ǳо棬أ

ͻȻͳһõЩλƴӷذվˣŵ۾뻮һ
Ŀӣ
Ŀӣɰǧ˫۾ųǱ
Ŷ۹⾼ⲻǻеɣˡǱ۾
Сӡ
һȻԴ
ǱѭȥԴǾԼϽһˣ뷢԰ףϵϣ֪ж䣬һɫۡ
˵ǻˣǱҲжôȣֻǷʵ
˵ҵʱޣһңֻҪϸСǳ˰ڰ֣˵ȳ˵ֿһʱ޶ˡ
ʱ޶ˣǱüͷѲɻʲôⲻɣ
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䣡䣡䣡
δ˵꣬ؼ䣬ͻȻһ¡죬ǱѭԶԶȥһ̨𡭡
֣ȥᣬĪҪϷ˵֮
ⳤ˵꣬һ
Ϸ̫ף
£˫УֳһĨɫɫɢ˲Ŀ

ȵȭ
ಣ
˴ڵϵĳ룬һֱͦ糤һ㣬ųǱȥ
ͬһʱ䣬ΧˣҲ仯ΪһƬ鶯Ŀβ棬ϸȭ⡣
һ̣ǧٵͬȭХ𣬽ǱУ


299 ɣɣɣ
ڳǱΧ˷ͷһһˣ˵Ҳվˡ
ЩһȻվԭأƮһɹȭ⣬ݺύųǱϳȥ
ȭѸĦˮ֣

ǧٵȭ˷ۼХţڳǱϡ
дŲڳǱҰС
Ŷÿһ˶ܷȭ⣿˵Ƕ쾳ΪҲ̫˰ɣ
ǱһȭҲëбɢ
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ǱӸ֨죬µزظ¡һ˽һɣ֮ڵȫڡ
ţЩ˵ȭ⣬Ȼ˵ز͸¶ĺ壬֮ǰȭȻͬ
ȭǱͷһתȭǻתۼȭⶼ˳ȥͬʱֳȥи
ȭ絶ȭ硣
Щ˻ȭ⣬һ̲ͣɢһϢبš󣬸Ǳһִ硢޿ɵĸо
ÿһԵô⡢򵥣һֿζ档
֮ǰˣǽʮߡӦǣǺˣȭ⣬ÿһŸԵص㣬ֳҲԯޣиɫ
Ǳлţǰâһ棬Ϣǰǳ˵ĺѾ̵
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̤
Ǳתż̹絶ĺ룬һ̤˷ҡΡȣɵ֮£嵽ǰŶԷ˫еһĨڣжʱȻ
Щ״̬ǻǶѾĳסˣɢǵʶѹסˣֻ¡
Ǳţȴûаͣ٣һתĳ

ǣ죬Ǳڣһɰ羢ȫӿ˫۷ӵȥֱ˫ƣ
ڵĽǶʱ㲨ƣƻ֮

ǰĿ𵴲ƶľܡ
ǳ˵ûаƱ仯ҲٳӭųǱƣͬĻ
˫е˸
䣡
ˡƶһ𣬸
ľǿǣٱǵһȻӲѹˣ
Ǳȴվڷض֮ڣֺֻǻ˵ĳһ˦ٴǱ
Ǳһڳڷضڵ˫ɨֽΧ˵ıУеһ뷨֤ʵˡ
ԭˣЩһȻצȴƶ޷뿪ضѷΧңǿӣû͸˼ƺֻ֫幥
Ǳ˼仯ûͣһţα䶯˦
ȻЩ˶ʧȥ޷ˣֲƶô
һˣǱϵȭⶸȻһϾۼڶȭƶȥȭǸӦʲôԶ۹
ȭʵΣһ㡣
ŶЩ˵ȭ⣬ǿűжһȭ⼤ȥͻὫԶȭ
ţǱǹ𣬽µ̤ľɳһƬĻ

Ǳ˳̶ſХнѸԶȥ
нķǸղɫĵطӳǱڵǶȿȥղŹĵطߵĸ̨һֱϡ
ողʧȥ֮ǰ˵ĻӦþڸ̨֮ϣãһ·нڰ;ҵõľǣӦ̸ãȡǣн
Ǳţ˵ӰһضѼ伫ٴУһһ̤ϱ
Χȭǻţۼơ
·ϵȻƽ˾;ķͷϣֱܻǱŵץЩֱ۵̽ٶȺǾˣһģ̺ž˵һһץſ𵴵Ŀɲƣɢ
ǲɨͨϣʱ֮ܽˣһߣҲԳܣ

ǱֱܡѸ򣬽֮һһѣÿһͻȻֱۣѸٶȣһֵĸоĵһ泩
壡壡壡
ǱĳٶȲӣÿһ̤ľȴԽԽǵ¡¡죬֪ʲôʱʼһȥͻڵһֱһɵĿӶ
ּٵıܣóǱڵľѸٵš
֫չŽ죬žȫתˮ޳ͣһһغϵоҲһֲܾڵĳо
ԽԽ죡ԽԽ
ˬ죡
ǱһˣѸٺɨȥ
нΪģԲ֮ڣԽԽȭ۹ǡģԶԶȥ಻Ĺڵɢš
Ǳ֮ǣ
ȻŨ˼ȭ۶гŽײܣ
ǱЩȭţһֱ˼ĸо۾۷ɫ⻪ϵȭⲻķչ
ȭУϴݳȥһֲηս˼
ؼ䣬һ޵ϵЩۼųǱĵȭУҲһǲ˹
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Щȭ⡭
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ƬҰصһƬϣµĺأԼֵ˵˳ͬʱȿٽ棬ǰ̡
ԣͬһذˣһֻֻǿ׳ı۰򲻶
ңһ֣ȥеֿĻȭ⣬©ֺЩ˷ȭ⣬ֻϣ಻Ӱҵǰ
ԱߣһذɫӰͬٱţȻһŮӡ
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300 ֵܵģ
ȴǲ֪Ӻʱ𣬿ʼͬУֻǣ˼߰˲ľ룬Ȼڸо衢䱸
ڲ֮ǰ˸ͨһҰء
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ܲԸϣںĵףڳǱһ˿µģϣûܻ㹻֮ǰ޷ȷսʤǱġ
ֻҪһ뵽Ǳս֮ʱԷǹɷ֮⣬ЩȻʹ޶Էȴ֪âʱһ¶ʹɫԼԶ뵽ģ룬±Ǳ׷󣬵Ҳû˱ᡣ
Ҫͷ֣һɫ󣬾Լʱ˼˳Źȥϳ˶ԷҲûóȻ֣ĺΪɣͬ顣
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ѯʣɫԽء
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һʵŶ飬ǰ֮ǰżδ֪ﲻҽڸͽЩ鶼֪عӦصļذɣ
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ˣȻɲ޼أηЩ˵ľСģĪ֮ǰǽˣʵС֮ǰǶȭͷͻȻףǧһ֮ʼʱ֣ûˣ
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ԭˣСˡֱӱ⣬ҲΣתˣ˵˾ǻжԶǰ
ݴҵĻǰԶ໹мϢʱһӦ޲أϣǰǸ̨ǵ㣬ûǵĴ㣿
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ǰȥԼĻֽذӣڵϣ΢ϲϴ֨죬ǱＷѹŹһ㡣
ΧۼŴƬģš
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ذӵϣҲȭӿȴĹȭѹһţۿҪƻڣܡ
ʱ򣬻Ĺȭ˳ȭذڣʶ־ᶨ־
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ԶһƬȭǵصķ
ȭıԵɢȭɢߣʱһɫһס
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Уһ˫۾ע֮ء
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301 ͸Ĺ
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һ߶ŷˡһ߻нĳһһ㡢СǸ̨ǰ񣬶ѾƬš
ԶвൽȵȭȻԶȴз
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ټϣںͳ޷룬ûлԣȱȫУΧƫֲ˷ˣҲ־֮ܵһ㲻ĻȴҲûԱǸ̨֣һ·СǰУζΣ
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ǰӰ˵Ϣһ۰¡ҪūµƳת۽С
Χķܴ˴̼ȭ⣬Ҫȭ󲿷ֶȥϡԺʲôвˡ
ҲֻðˡҪץסᣬһսɣؼǲհǰ˺󣬱¶ģ˸żᶨЦУǹɿƥϢԽء
ǰذӱϢһ֣ʱó
Ҳֻǽһ̧һƺָ͡͡ȥӹɵľ룬ֱָذӡ
ĻֻҪסҲˣһŮӣľ֮ΪߣкԣֵһǻȻҲͶ֣ܹΪãΪӣ
ͣ
Ѫɫƺָƿն̺;Ħգζ
ʱȻڿУЩԵô
һתͷһ飬ƮתһջƵԲһתȻҪֱƿշɳһ̣ȴǶȻһ٣ͣڿС
ԭǣǣűеԭء
һ·ͬУʶˣǺǲģʼս䱸ţֻԸֱڶԷĶˣŴ㷴
һľһڰ׷˫ֱۣĶźȻ塣
ˣ
һ㶣ƺָ䵽ǰذͻȻ˼ָͷɫ׼ȷֱϮƺָ֣ԵɣĻᱻ˵
Ҳعɫ䡣
ʦ˵һҵʵս̫٣һͻ֮£޴룬̫Σգ뾡뿪
һˣҲû˷˼кذһ䣬һתУ
ŶҪˣǹ𣬲԰׵Ľ͸ϣ¶һĨЦݡ
ҩܲˣΪӪˣΪӮңȻǳǱ
ţٱܣϵϢȣߺͣ˫Ӱһɫǰƺ׷ĺ޻֮ҲػֻһζļС
׷ӴԼϢʱ䣬ڸеףͷĪһֽҪͷĸо
ǧйԽܱھΣ֮ʣĸӦ
ô£ֻǱˣ˵ʲôΣգţٿһ׽ͬѰ죬ɫ仯

к𣬿ʼᣬȻûԶѸӣ
ʲôڿ
ʶĻǣģ⻯֮ȻϢսʶ࣬ӦģЩԵϢʶҲж㱡֮С
ʱ죬ȻһָЩʱһ¡
ղҳͻϮҪֵ֪ıͣ¶仯ǿʲôȻתӣϧֻ׷ɱˣֵϢǣȭ⣬ԡţȭ⣬ȵȣѵ˵
أһǿҵĿ־壬ͷһת۽ɨȥ

ȵľĿģȻǴ
ȭ
д󾪣һתĿ⳹Ͷ˹ȥڿľ
ھʮԶĵطһӴͷ­ֱţƴƮɢ
ף
ԭص֪ʲôʱӣӴͷ­ʹڵϣӲǰһƬķذ˶ڸУ
ںĸйУоǳǰСվǰͺһ΢ϡ
⡭
ۼ˾˾ʹǾþˣλϪһʱҲԭأҲ֪գĵ׾׿ʱعҲ˲ȥ׷һһƬĳУʮɡ
һܣлң淽Ҳֱײ˲ٵķˣȭŴϣž죬ٶ߰˸⣬ϵȫۼ³Ƚţļ٣ԽԽ죡
ղ˫ۣƺڶңڿң
ϵʹȫԣĵһëȻĸоеΣУֱ޷
һ㣡ٿһ㣡ٿһ㣡ӣӣӣһҪӳȥ
˽Ϣܳȥٶɣתͷ
һ·ϣ֪ײ˶ٷˣ˶ȭţǾڣѻΣؼอѪͣĴӿ
һﻹƣֻǾֵĴֻӵ˿˿ȭⲨݹӴѾͷ£
޴㽫ΧɣУ

ܣһȭ˹ϣ̩ɽѹֱӾͰѹſˡ
ѹѹѹ
ǹɿµϢ˲Ϣ顣
š
䣡
ڴأڵϣɢʮɵľ룬ͣ£̧ʱǺѾʧȥӰ


304 岽֮ڣɱ㣡
ֲ̫ˣǵĪڲٿأ
һ͹ɽϣСĵع۲ԶذӾߣԲĿףϢھ䡣
ѣʮӴֱ棬һţͽĸУӰͲˣȥһ㡣
ˣת̧Ƭɽ˹Ŀâɨŵһ飬ٴζ·ӣ
ղתҪͿԶԶףʶʱһֻǱźȥ˲²⣬ͣҪ̽ʵ
ֻǿһۣջĿ⣬Ҳͣסۣ߿գо֣ǲ²ȴˡ
յľ֮һΪܸ֮ͨʽСҩĵ̲֮ص£ʵ̽顣Դҽ֮ҩ䡷ҽڱΪͨҩģҪɾͣ츳ŬԵȱһɡ
Ȼˣ޳֮ͨĹֻҩ䣬ͨҩҲֻҽڵĳνҲвͬƺ񻪵֮Ϊͨ񡱡
δʱľʩչ֮ͨ͸谭һ˿ϤϢµݣʱۿһ֮£ֻ׼˺֮븹Уֲ²ǿҡ
ȭ⳱ϫģܿλ¹ӣϾг𡭡
˼֮ʣڲĺš
ɣɣᣬһαܹѹģ
ʱ֮УƮƮϺ£ȫƣдȭϮס֫Զ
ЩȭӣˮУˮѹϣǧأʩѹ֮£˺۵ĹӲظꡱһƬ
ѪסشӺֻǼЦ
ԭˣ壬ЩĹȭ⣬ֻбܣֻңȴΣܱӣֻҪһڣͲ
ȭϣѹϹ˳ë꣬ȥʶֻڣһĽâ˸谭ȭ롣
ԭ棬ϪӣΪ̫ᣬ
֮ǰǱ˵ʱҲǼ̫ǣģ֮ѪһѪ֮մȾڵâ֮ϣ֮ɢŶɹѹء
ֻδľǿмɻһ𣬱ᶯҡʱΣգһ飬ǻʼѪٴλʸˡ
Ϊһȥ٣ϻλӣѹסɽ𢣬Ҫ´ңʧ
ԣŻԳǱǰԹޣΪʵǱƵ˾Ϊ˱ðķա
ʧȴ˼̳ȨһҲ֮ȥǰ;ȥģҲˣŸӿõʱһǱ˻λٵһֿɵá
ɣǵ
񣬺һ£ʼĿ־壬ڷȭȻ˲Լϣ
ҲǴλᣬ˵øȭΣ壬Ҳ飡Ҷڵģ
ֱһ̣Ϊ֮ص쾰Լġ
ͻȻ
·㵴ȥ¶һƬ϶ţһ˻Ư
ˣɴ۾һ˼ı飺Ǳô
һű㷢˲ԾĵطʶûԼô򵥡
һ鼱֮£˼ͷת뵽һԼԾޱȣǰĽۡ
Ǳٿصģ
˵ȭ£Ϊͻ˲ǱɾͲͬˣԷײУ̹ġ
һҵʲôأٿȡɣǷصƴɱˣ޷ȣųǱĮݣﶯҡԷģͬʱĵ;
ԷȻҪ˵䣬Ϊʱ䡣
δ뵽Ǳһ˺һۣҲ˵һ̧̽źԴ˹ȥ
в𵴲ɢбཻĺ
ƻδ£ӿľ̵ֱĺƤۣǱձһ㡣
ɱ磡
Ҫɱң±壿
нţֻٴδ̼ʱӴƣ߽٣Ҫͳ磡
ΧĻĹȭⱻһɢָж
˲Ťתƣ
ֻǡ
꣡
ڴμڳ͸֧
ѣ

һ£׵ķˣ
ǹƸӴ󣬾Ȼе㷴Ϊ˼һŻĹȭȵɢȥϡ
Ǳ㳹׵ļŭˣһ᲻ϧһɱ㣡ұ°ִǬһȨʩչƽ£˵ʢǧŵأʲôһ򣡾Ȼðң
ǿҵͷӺӿǹɿϢ֮ڣԵġ
ĺ֫飬˲٣ƺָӡȫʩչһӣŭģȭ⡢ͷͬһӿںϵԴԴϪ̫֮Уʲô书ʽҪֱӣ
Ƴ֮£ȭɢ俪ȥҪжϿ
Ǳ۾Ϣв׽һǿҵҪ˶ݡߵסڳūţɾһޱ߰
Ϊۣū£һ£ѪȾǧңûµĲܣ岽֮ڣɱ㣡
Ǳͷ̴ٶɴ࣬һŶһ㣬ֱ˺ȵ֮ڣ
ͣ
е򣬱һһ㣬ϵƾȻûܵסǱƣо£һںϡ
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úúãɱңǲҪ⣬Ȳ˵͢ΣֵܾͲŹ㣬ֻҪɱˣûܵ˵á
֮˵ĻǱһһ⣬ʵֵܣĪҶݣ
ţԣ۾һɣֳ֮ɫԴһᣬһʹˡ
λ߹ĴϪүʹ
ǰΣȥ֮Ҳһʬ壬볣졣
Ǳ۾ǰʬȴ뵽Ҷݡ
ǰķӦֵܹƻҶݣǽѹ㷺޸أ˹н飬֪󻹻᲻˺ȴҪȥȡˡ
һӺóһɫǡ
ľǣ


305 δ֮
֮ǰҪЩΪҪϵģܱˣٶ㹻Ļ
Ǳţһ˦ֱСž죬һ㣬˳ֱ֮еĽǡ
ղţǿƿ֣ƲǱ;ֱۻѪ֮ܺӰ죬ֱ۾ӿͻҳ壬ԽƤһ˺
治Сƴһ£Ͳһܳܵ˵ģֱ֣ȭ֮Уܹȭ⣬ȭۼһֱȥţ
Ǳֱۻ˦Ŀһתط֣Ǻѵ£ǹӴƣûгɢȥȭѹţؾһš
Щƣȭ⣬ƣ޽ӽ֮ơ
磬һ飬Ȼ޴ֻɢֻ£ЩƬ֮ʱȴΧȭ谭ϡڿУ
мȭ⣬ֿµΧĻĹȭҪλĹȭ̫࣬Ȼһʱ̾µ಻ռϷ硣
⵹ȤˣˣϵƾȻƵŨȣܹͨӵеģӽ֮ơǰ벽ĸ֣ǲ죬⹦Ȼ޷ӵ֮ơ
Ǳ˵ţȥŴЩƬ
ЩƬĹȭţȻ¾ۼһţȴƾշֺ
Ӵ
ڳǱӴź˲䣬ʱһȵ

ӲһһסŲսµĵЮɽƣ
·˲ҵͻƿһɢţųǱ˹;һɢ̿ΪһʣڳǱϡ
ÿһ˿ǿƮɢڳǱëױԵ͸
ЩƹɣʶеҲֻǲڱǱһҪڣʵֻǻڲԸɢıܣͷ˵ȭ⣬̼ܵԷۼΪǲġ
ŸϵĺǱ۾
üһǿҵҪͨ˱Щһ壬̾ͷݣΪСܡˡֻкٿصʱҲ£Щȭֻʣ±ܣкξ壿ҲǸ
Щȭ֮⣬֮ƣһȭΣͻɢȭɵҲЩ˲ɢۣȫ£Ȼɢ
ҽʶ֮󣬾һ뷨ֻ㣬һֱ޷жȴ»
Ǳ˵ţʶѸǴһת۾ͰѺУĬһ֡
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һ룬ʱӦͷ

ʶٿӴǺһʧȥ˿ƣקУĺɫ౻ߣתʧ
ֻһգ۵Ĺ򣬺ɫʧˡ
һ̣Ǳʶʶֱӽٵʶ֮УʶڵӰ
ֻ֮УһӰתʵ
ǵһߵԱߣֶһţһˣα仯һɫ멣һֱɺɫ۷˵ҲģǳֳĲ԰ףģתΪһŲݡ
ڣ˵λҲ䶯ڵһź͵ڶ֮˸š
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ѵƣӰӣ
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һͱʲôǣţƮɣʶ룬һ˵Ĳ㣡
ŶУȻһ֣ᱻ鵽ʶĲ㣿
ڳǱо֮ʱ³ֵһƽԣͷףԲһɫĺ
Ǳ˳ƿ˹ȥ
־ѧϸɻ쾳ԣҲ쾳󣬵ڶŵ˿Է֮ƣӦöߣ˵ķֱǰΪֵģ
ţĿɨ֮أûʱȥ̽ԳǱͷһתҲʶʶ˳
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ⵤҩһ֣ɢ㣬ƢԵЧ
û뵽ӺеõĵҩҲԪԪӶֵ࣬ҩЩбֲߵѡ
ǱҲԥһȥ
µŵҩΪԪǺƷ֮һҪǲѪԪڽˣҩеľƷ
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ЧȻˣתۼƽϢʹѹǰ޲ڡ
Ǳ֮ϵЩҩȻΪͷõָ㡣
֮ǰǼֽ˫ͷİ䣬ͼƿҩоͰԪԪ»ƿͷҲƲ⣬ӦǼ̵ֽƵҩ
µᡢ֮⣬ҲмƿҩԪԪ
ֵҩͷ֮Ϊֱر֮ܲƽϢƣһָòƺҲΪݲУܹõ
ԪѪƣб֮Ч̺žԪֱܱգû˷ѵĲ֣
ԪԲģҩгԪַڷ֮ʮ֮߰˶ܻΪ
߹ͬʹãܹһ߱ʢľս˵ȻǷǱ̽͸Ե
ϾƲΣ֪Ҫ϶ãһҩ֣ܹʼձսȻռıˣ˵ܾĳɰܡ
ǱϵĵҩǴ˫ͷϵõġԪԪȥָõĲ֣ϵĹжʮţֵҩʮţҲСҡ
ԸóȥÿһŶԻһھ֣ҩмУǱȻȥǮ
ԪԪΣƿĵҩ̺һɳ浽˵ԪԸʶ棬
Ǳţִӻһҩƿ
ƿӱʢԪǸҪСһЩǲԵøӹӣ滹ɫƣͬҲǴӺϵõġ
ҩƿֻһŵҩڳǱĸ֪УⵥһŵҩɢҩԪȴʮԪԪۼһҪǿʢл¶˿˿ɴˣԿɿŵҩĲ
ϧ֪֡
ǱֱܹҩﹹɣŵҩܶζȴδģȻһȫζȴƲЧá
䲻֪ЧãžҸо棬˯ʱֱϣǷƷ´ǰҪֽһܵõ𰸡
ǱţҩƿȥƤţźãͲΪײɢ䡣
ˣЩ鶼ȷŵһߣʱˡ

硣
һ˫ۣһ˿ƣ֮ɫ
ղţһʳ˺Ȼ;ڿУû
ȴûеģľȥԶ֪Ȼķ⡣
ֻǣҲջ񣬼Ϣ֮ǰеڱƣȻԶУҲ֪淢˳ͻ
ϧ֮Ϣʧû˶ƶ̽ţƺڴʲô
ʱһãʹԸƣҪϢֻ֪
ƫƫʱǾ޴ͨһ𣬸ѣŸ߿
ţˣ
һ飬عٿȥʱ򣬷нߵ̨
԰˲ٿأ˵ȻҪȥȡǣţҲöˣ
һĻͻȻĿģкԵذӣҲȥ
ͬʱ
ڣǱƤһ
Щȭ⣬ײ죬һͿʼɢȻ;Ҳȭ룬벻ȵ˸̨ϣ¾Ͳʣˣţ
ǱȭȫǸ֪ȥͻȻڸ߿֮ϣ׽һ˿첨˵ĸо
ڼң


306 Ļˣ
Ⲩ¡ޣԴԸ߿ա
ԳǱĸ֪ٱʮҲ޷߿յɲеԭ򣬳˾֮⣬оǲ⡪
ɲĲΣԶԶǱĸʶΧ
ǣǱڼԦȭڸ߿գʶ֪Ҳȭӣĸֽһ𣬼ţڲȭĹ֮£ȺͷΧһ̨ףԽԭĲΡ
Щؽ֮£ܹ
һǱעȻǼйȥǹɲҲԽԣ
Ҳ˳̧ͷĿһתŸ߿տȥ
ৣৣ
Ŀ֮Уâֱգ;ȴ·ʲô谭һ㣬ٿʧأ
ĿмĹâ쳣ǳǱȭ仯ΪԷγһĹȭ⹲֮ĿҲչΪ˫Ŀâɨ֮£еữΪӰֱӴݵǱĸʶ֮С
ţǡ
ֻһΣĿâݹģȴӰ棬һ֮ĸоһֱָֿʵĸо
Ŀ⻪һ֣Ǹ߿֮ϣ²ʱŵѶϢԽݹһȡϵϢǣڳǱĸ֪Уƺڤڤ֮пһ˫۾
һ˫۾ͫлע֮еһС
üһһԣǲ֪ʲôΪоɲ֪˷ͬһ㣡
֮ڣǱҵеһԵǿѹĵĪһ˷ܣ
ɲڵȭ⹲Ŀ֮Բһ˵͸쾳߶δܹǸ߿գмӣֻ
Ǳ׽идȻͷһתһµĲ²⡣
ĿעӣֻҪ弸̽飬Ǹ̨ϵӣΪ֣Ŀ⻪һҲҪӰ񣬶ˣȴֻˣ˵ΪԶ֣ǡ
Ǳ۾۷оâʢɫ⻪ת
˸ڴ˴ȭƿնƾռӣ
ǱǰӴġϢ֪ĥѣͷָ㣬˼ά۽綼򿪣е뷨ҲͿʼпգκ鶼ȥ衢룬ʱͷϢҲôһ²⡣
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磬ӴѶѣʮУ𺳡
ǽǿžͷƻʵɹȥԶԶ˺ã߾ۼ֮ϡ
Ƕע⵽ˣĿĵرǸ̨ж˼򾪣ɡ
ǣͻȻ֮䣬Ƿŵһһ̧߶ȣȻôֱͦͦģŸߵշȥ
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ʵķˣȭ֧߶ȣԱϷ˳
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뵽еĹϣһʡ
Ҫᶨʲôز˳̶ȣˣǰֻ˵ļпˣлᶨҪʶһ£Ǻģ
뵽תͷߵһۡ
ܽԵպ˵յԹĻرֻҪһгɾͣһ񻰣ҪΪºƽ٣
뵽˵üͷȴԽԽ
ֻǣƿ˳ǧȭ⣬ȥûǣΪηǳϣѵϻʲôɣ
ţȴҡҡͷ
Ҳԣ˵˼µõֻһʱĳɰ˵Ĺĵر˵УҲǷϣ죬Сţ
λĳȻҲһ·أԶһעĿȥһӰʱӳ
û뵽ѾˣҿǣΪǺı֣㲻סɢȭⲨ
˵Ŀ⡢֪˲佫
Ŷǰ벽죬ϵѨǿƿˣܹ͸ֻϵȭܷ˱޶£ѾΪ֮ΪԼ౼ɾ͵ȴԸɱ̾
֮ˣǱĹȭʴʶĻޡ
һ·ֱУӽǸ̨ﾹˣȻƯգΪҲ壬ǹͷԽᶨҪ߹档
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ֻǸ߿֮ϣһһţҧʲô߿տյģһ
ֻǣһҧ֮£缤磬һſ֮£׵ȭʱʧȥ̬ɢ
һǿҵĲӿ֮ڼһһģ粨Ʒ䣬ͨ쳹أһ˵˵ӣܣоԼƱʲô˿š
ʲôѵ߿ֻɴݹĲȷȭ⣬Ҳ֮ƣ־;ѵǡ
ɫ䣬ΣС
εҪˣҪɳŵ˵Ҫ˺˵ţ̧ͷա
߿֮ϣѣΪ̳ڣǲ֮ڣֳһɫӰ˿Ʈɢԣֱ磬ȴûһ˿ȴ˼
ˡ
·ҲӰ죬̬ж֡Ȼϡ˼
˵ΪȻĿܹ߿վ¶ӰСҲܿ
СӣסˣǸ֮ûķȻ͸ð
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307 Ǵ󲻾֮
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ӿŸ̨Եɢ䣬һµӳֵ׹˼š
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308 ɽ߹
ɫ壬ҸսȥٶҸо̨ܶԭͨ飬˼·ǽʲôš
λֵܣҵĸоһģҸղŽôһ֣٣㻹˵ϵɻʱӭж⣬Ȼйֱĸоڵĸ򷴶У
λ˵öԣ˵֮ǰ氡оһֱӾͽˣ
Ҳǣղ棬Ȼ̫߱ԶҲܳţϢǣǽ׵ı֣治Ǹǵġ
ЩѨûͷƵģô߶׶ĿȫҲδ졣
㲻ֵܸղΪλúִս£ѻ˸ѨѨﶼǴͬС죬ô߶ͷ

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ЩڶѨˡ̫˳Ҫġ
ȻˣۼһƮɢĶѨЩ⣬ߺĿⲻϵţҺΧ˻ﻰ̸۵ģҲйء飬ŸԵš
Щˣһ˵Ϊˮƽһ㣬Ʋϸ֣ɽҲС֣۽硢ʶǧ޵õϢɽˮΪģҲǴ˵е˼ȴġ
ʱЩڶѨܴߣòˣֲľʹȥȻ˼ҪҼˣ׳ҲܻΪ֣ս
һʱ䣬ܶزʶ֮ˣǱ˴˼Ϥ˲٣ͨ̽ѰѨջҲûжٲ˽
أһһСҲγˡ
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ʵҵƤ˻Σؼ֮£อ߱ʯѹϣˣǲŽԩ

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ٴνҪԴ˰л֣̿˳ƶռ֮ʣǶѨĵҲʼ΢΢ҷԽԽ
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ҽĶУҽڵϣλ˻˵ߣͳɳƣһֿµĲɣ
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ͻȻҽֿڵˣӦйһҪԸЩҩӲɢ붼ȥҪͳﰲš
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⣬ء
ǰҽߣΪҽɽ£˳ŵû뵽ȴӦǿһﻹк飬һЩ˼֮µ˾ٱҲҽӰӡ
ֻǣ֪Σܵˣץ˻նףֶβ̣Чȴԣסˡ
ʱǿɽ䣬֪ҪˣһӲ
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Щˣһ·нѵŵԵĿĵأûʤ˼ǱĿ꣬ǵõҽŵûж
ô죿ѯʣؿЦһҪܣӦĶ֣ڿǳ׵׵ɥĲˣ
Ҳȫ޻ᣬܲ߶ˡīȻѹĿתԶɮר־Ĵ
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ʵӽһģʱϳ˵ݣн㣬һ첽ʩչˮ㣬һŤһתֱӶʮɣתԶȥ

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ৣৣ
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һײǣһ𣬶һ飬Ǽ˻ŵĿй֮ڡ

ӵдţҰУһɫĹâ
ǹâչת۳ռ䡣


309 

ҫ۵Ĺâ֮УǱеһᣬ¸̨ԽԽԶ
ֱߵ߿ɽųǱƶš
ͬʱڳǱҰУͬܿããâ֮Ум
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ӰԽԽߣҲԽԽģգͬһʧɫâ֮С
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ʯѲٻ䣬˷׷׷ӵϣһѨ
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ģɽ͸ĹâԽԽ࣬ԽԽʵɽϣɽ嶼
ƳγεģϷ¿ĺһ޴ͷ­ڵϡ
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ɭֱԵһѨУϥϵͷڶڣǵɫá
ϣܹɹΣҲǿ󡣡
һǰצ
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ѣȫɹâɵѿ޷죬һţΣбһȦһȦŨҵĿɢȥ
նʱƱɫղŻתȴǿƣһ꽫ٵģ
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±任Ҳ֮
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Ⲩޱȣһ˸Բ
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ʱһĻ¹С鲽ǰ˦ӣؿͷţϣﻹǶߣ˵Ҫүָ

ʹ֮࣬һƫ֮ڡ
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յĵ޷Զת۴󿪣ڵĵҲжȼ
ʱ䣬ƻͨ
⣬һΡΡӰֳ֮һϥһڵأͷ
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ɫâ羵һ飬ǱƮӶȻ䣬ˡһڵϡ
۾ܡ
Ŀȴĸ֡
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310 
ĸֱߣһ㱣̾С
ֿһʯϣʯɣɣĿ
ڣ
Ǳ߶֣յУȻĿһתķȥ
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ղɽ𶯣ҵӵУǶѨһ𶯡
ûȻҼǵã۹Ұ˺ˣ۾͵

һǰ
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˵߹ۣɽϵļʮѨҲڣѵֻǣȥ
ղһɨȥ񣬽ÿ˵ݡΡŶһ飬ûзˣȻɻ
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һˣǱסĿǰˣȻЩ˵в׽һĨ֮ɫ˶㡣
ңʱЩ˶Ǹסеһ䱸֮ɫȻǱϵġҩġ̰ȴ±ռ˱ˡ
ߣǱͷû£ǱߣѾ˰Ͳסײ죬Ҳ˻ų֣ת۱ɱ
ǱҡҡͷһӣһϮֱķɣŽһ̤¡һܵĵұھ𶯣
صڰյͨԵô̶
ЩѴһŵ˱ôһ𣬶죬ʱͣµлָЩȻ˷˵ϸûʲôĵرȻ;ʱһ֡
ǱЩ̤һŵʱͽŷ۶ȥڵһĽӡ
ԶȥͨһǣһӰ̽ͷųǱȥıӰ˶š
ǵùôˡϣ͸죬Ȼǻ˲ơ
ǱȻ֪Լƻ˲Ƶļƻһ·۵糸ȣڿͨһ·ֱС
·ϣǱҲˣЩ˶һԻŪԼΪλҲдģһƣͶŸнȻҲв淽ģ෴ķн
ЩֱӳģǴڴģ˵ú游ǣֱӳ˸
ǱҲԼʲôףϸڵջν޴߿Ҳ٣ǵԺĵҩͼֵƣοʶ㣬н˺һ˿
ͨж೤
˺һᣬǱɻ뵽֮ǰһͬǴѨʱ龰ʱҲһ·ǰУôҲ߲ףֱ˽˻أ·
ĪҲˡ
ǱţͻȻǰ洫
һ·˲ˣЩȻҲн̸ȴԶԶҡ
ѭǱǰ˼ʮ֮󣬶ʱһνС
ȥǰۼ˺Щˣ˵Ҳһ١
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ڳǱǰģһֱɵĴ󶴡
ⶴλͨͷұ֮ǰһƬڣ֪ж
ʱߴӵϼһʯͷȥҵȣ׻
ôĶ
ɲǣһףģ˭֪ʲô
ҪҲ뵽ҽǰĶѾ׶˰ɣ
ԹԣղȺ˲һʮ˰ɣҽǰһӣ˾Ͷգ붴У
ˣûٰ˵ôǲˣ
Χ˵ۣǱĿͶ붴ڡ
ⶴڵұڵǰ͹ƽֹ⻬ûĶڣֻҪһ֣ץʯȣӦöҶ¡
ֻǣôһڣڲָ֪мΣм˸ڲ˽֮ǰóȻģ
δ֪Զ˼¡
ǣǵȻʹֹԱȥһԣȻڴȥܹ֮˵
Ǳ۲һᣬֻ߰¶
Χ˵ۣҲõ˲ѶϢ
ԭղŻЩֲˣһߣͺԥУЩȴûһġ
Ȼˣ˵һΣһյʱ֮ǰӦҽ飬һкƺƵһٶˣߣҲάȡ
ҽΡΡ߳һ̧͸ܣֱӽһٶ˶Ŷڻ£ǳ׳ޱȡ
һһٶ˸գǱ۾ǺεΪӣҵҪطˡ
ţǶͻȻһɫӰֱͦͦײڶ
¡
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˲ǡӵӣǱͫմϵĻ壿
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311 ɱ˸ɾ
˶ʯڵĻӣǱֻǿһۣϳ˶Էݡ
Ī·һأ뺵ˮ沨ձ˲ϣУŮʱоᵽһ˵֡
塣
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ȻֻǼһ棬ǻȴǱӡ
Ǳʱеͣ俴һۣ͸еѹִĸоȻӡ̣²ԷѪߡ
ȴϴʲôѪ쾳̳
󣬳Ǳһǰ˻˲ƣ֪ǻҲ֮أȴͻ˲ʧɢ
ǱʱĴ㣬ǽ˲ƴɽ塣
ϧ;˫ͷ㶼գʱȻ˻壬ȴʧ˻˲ƵӰ
ʱģҲ֪Է˳ͻ֪ɢȥĿ˸
ĹҵʱڴԿ͸ڵƾ֪šֺ˫֮ƮɢļȻǽֽϵĲѨͨˣΪ㣬ҲҪﵽļޡ
ʱǴ֮ڣһӰȻڰա
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һ֣ƯڿУͶʯеĻ䳰ȷ
ǹֿ󣬿ϧʵ㣬ǸĶ۸۸ͨҲͰˣǰǲҪóĺãвʦֶ϶û뵽ȴѾһϣֻֿԣ
ǱЩĿһת֮ˣע⵽ϵİɫֱ֣Լò̾ϳӦʦ壬˳ĺ
Ǳɽɽ¼ˣԷʱδչֳֶ̫ΣںƼұȱĶսУԼҳ֣һץһգʹָ쳣ҲǱӡ
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ԭңȻбڻ֣Ҳ嶾ˡе˼ƺȥӦģû뵽ӦѾͺϡ쾳ߣȻߡ
Ǳ˼ţϷһ࣬ź֮ĵԾԾԵĸо
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ڳ˱֮⣬зĽԪԼϡһ໥ãǱѰ
һ𣬲˳ǱΪΧս
ȻˣǱ뵶ɱֵʵǲĨɱġ
ֻǣߣǧÿžսʶԶˣʽȲ˵ܲܵס뵶ֻĶֱ뵶֣ȳǱľлطڲ֮ء
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ֻǰսԲض˵Ϊ죬ʩչ֮ƣֻȭȭ⣬ƣ
ڲͣش߷֮ƣֻǵǰһˣҪ֮ʱǻᱻߵƾȷһԡ
ղţ˿ǺңڳǱĸ֪УǷΣҪȴȥ֮ƣ
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312 ñһ
ճǱӰײϾ»˲ƣ뿪ɭ֣ذȫ֮أԷȴҪɽһϡ
ǱҲ£Ӧһս׹£Ի˲ƵȥҲͲˣкܴӦУҲΣʱ˳ֵ˼
ӦйӴ֪Է־裬ȴϲŪֶΣټԴӳ֮󣬾ͱˣûһ֮ʦʦֶȻرӣǱ֪Լһ֣ڳ׽𣬲ݡ
Σգô˿һԣʲô¶ҪˣԳǱϣ˾
Ȼ⣬ҲͲٶ룬ȥǣԼܷսʤ쾳ĺ
ڳǱ򲻹ҲѣܴԷԼսܡɱҲ˽ᣬһ֣Ҫһζĵǡ
ҡ
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ʮǰҿʼϰ䣬֪ؾһ˵ͽ֮Ŀ꣬ǰ˫ͷһս˵ңЩȡɣټ϶Էֻǰƺ㣬ƣ֮صĸ̨͸˵ˣʶûУ֮
ţеĿںϣеսԽ
ˣ˾ߣ֮һս޺
ǱĿ⣬ںϣԷƤУȻӦֻڣΧŽˣÿһĿмСۡݣͬС죬һҲûзϣʱһǰ壡
Ӱ磬ת۱Ҹǰ
䣡
ƣӲǿ羫һӿϣ߶ʱδ׷ɳȥ
ʹʽܹ֮ƣߣȥѹ֮⣬ŲֶΣÿһޣֻºҲꡣ
˵жֶδ̫ˣдȥҲҪѶ߸ɴˣˣǰ˼Уʵģ
ţкһǼΪâȥҲûʲôɡ仯ǵѹˡ
ٶȱ죬ϣܰ㣡
ЩײϣŤжʱ̴٣׻һ󲿷ֱ˽࣬Ѫһ磬ֱļٺɣֱͦͦײڼʯϡ
ʱ˵սѾӴ֮ϣתƵ֮ͨУһúɣһƮ׷棬֮;߷׷ױã꼰㡣
Һɣײһʯʯ£ûˣžһأ¶ӨӨâֻ˵߶ȥһʱ֮䣬Ȼû˷
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ʱգӿѹң䲻ģһϮ󲱾Ϻëէĵ׷𼫶Σյĸо
͵Ϯ
зô뷨ȴûлţһЦ֮ɽХһ㣬ӵ
ãһԶܹɴʤȥ󣡡

ӴŨ֮ƣͳӿȥһ˿ȭ⡣
ȭе֮Ĳ׽ˡ
Ҫ˾֮ǰˣҪ֮ʥߣҪ֮ģ
˼죬ȭ⻪ʵ·˵Ŀ֮ϣǰЩһֻӫĻСеһƴ
⼫Ϯ֮ˣȻǳǱ
˼ƣֱӳ֣һ¾ͳ鵶ʹ뵶սԷ˵գԷԾи֪תӿ׼ûͻϮ֮Ч
ӺղŵѸɳУǱܹԷٶȼ죬һգƱ¶Ĵ룬ΪǱ;һת̽צ𵴣ֱСţ𵴲ɢѹſΪУ󾱡
ͣ
֮зޱȣпӿ֮ƣδԷ壬ͶȻ顣
һͷǱҡҡͷһʦ緶ˣһʱ嶯־򣿡
УӴΪˣ俪ȥ֮˶
ܹս֮ˣʱҲع˳ǱԾӰһĿɿڴ
˭Ҳ̫˰ɣȻҶԺǰ֣
ˣΪ֣߳ͿｭҲ룬ǰ֣ôսô
ɲǣȸ֣Ĥݵģô뵽֣޴
¹ô˵ɵǳˣֻǲ֪ǰˡ
ǰ⻰˵ģһְʦ緶򵥵һ仰Ҿʹоϵɶ˼ָܶף

ȺУ۴˷ֻһ˼ȺУƲƲ졣
һһƨ֮ʵȤǸ֪֮˭Ƚһս֮󣬳ǱҪˣһս
Ʋ֮ˣϴŵۣ֮С۶ڱǼһţȻ񻪵ʵӣ
ԭȺ֮УҲûʲôϴ󶴣û뵽ȴзɳײ϶źɳ˽սСʵ˿ֵͷδ룬־ʵĳϣѰһµĳǱȻˣ
ǵȫѹ򰡣û뵽ǱûģߣֳˣţϵɱЩˣżɢһ˿ȴԵø׺
ʵӶǵԾӰϡ
үͿҪˣҽĵǱĵȻ󹦸ɣʦܿɾǷһپˣ
뵽֮üЦǸģԱ˿ͺ͵͵һ㡣
һߣǱۿ飬ϲǰһ죬ĳһƣڵģѸΧˮֶ
״ȻʧЦŶ𣿲ڹˣҪ֪⽻ֿɲǵƾڹʣܾɰܵġ䣬һӣһϸâֱ˦һһת۾ͽǱ֡
ûйĵģˣ㻹ᣬֱǱҪˣҲסѵ
Ļ˵úܺɨȥ⼸⣬ȴиͷءƵһУ쾳Ϊʩչǵâֱƾһӿ󣬽˵Ҷѣ
һУ䲻ɱУһУȫѪʱʧȥսԶʧȥһֱô򵥡
ֻĻ£Ǳǡļһ𵴳ɢܣγλ֣ܵһͷ˵â֮С
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Щâײϣ죬ѡۣΪһߣɢ
ǱȴδǰһץءһһâľֱϮ
ʲô۾һɡ
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񼼣񼼣ⵥƾ磬̾Ϊֹ
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Ŷ⽣ָսеĳǱһã;һ֮Чñһ
䣬ָΪɫϢɢԪͽĵС

ָԽһѰɫӰڳǱֱ۱ϡ
һĻһ֣ԭ֮ܵ̾ȻֹЩսһǳԷҭסһ㣬ɫͨ졣
ʵӼ״סЦ
Ҳһ͹¶ȣδϸ˼ָϼײ˳Ǳָ
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бǱ˼޵ĸְ壬ˢӹζ
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һĻǼ˴˵ĺҲеЩţ˶η壬ָǰָսǰһ㣬ݽ
Ǳգݣǣ֮£˽ڰա
ʱǱͻȻһЦ
úúãһٿ죬ζ
һ䣬ǱֶһĨ⼤


313 ǧâһȥ
⺮ͻȻ̺һ˿Ϣ
Σյĸоں𣬵ȻһЦһ죬һƬԡ
Ŷļ֡
˵һĨһ£˵ԣת۱㵽ǰ
еķϢԶԶ˺ԭԤƣ
ֱָ
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ĿһתǱ۵һĨ֮ɫȴڸղһ˲ʧ̬ŭ
㲻죬ʹгɣֻЩȼԾкã
쾳Ϊϣɢ֪ҲŶ֮ۿöñšҪֱӡ
ǱԴ֮󣬾ͱ֮֮ƱԪɣǱһһ֪֮£Ϊǵİ䲻һۿ͸˽һ
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ŶȤһЦƵᣬǿǣ𵴽ǣ໥Ļ֮£γɵһֹȻ֮ܣâ飡ҵҪܳܶٴ𵴣
䣬ϢϱѨ֮ڣӿ

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Ϣ֮ǰҾѴӵ̧ͷգ¶ɻ󣬶ڳǱĳָе⣬Ⲣȷжϣһֳָţǰһ졣

ǿҵ֮ΧԪ˹£һ𣬽âʵ壬״
֮ڣ͹Ѩڵ㡢θȼѨϾۼԪ
У˿˿Ϣ۵Ԫ֮Уһ仯Ԫʱ仯˿ɢζ綾
ԪϢ
һطеĹзţϢһɣ֮ҵУʮо
ֻеƼȾҪ񣬻ϢʱԪս֮ʱʩչ⣬лΧԪŨȵԪ㣬Ҳ޷ۼɶϢ
֮ܶڣԪ棬к֮ǰ˹ԪԪ˲٣ױ㡣
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ХɢǱӰȫûҲУ
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ǰֽŲˣֲֿ֮˵Щ֣಻ɱս£

ȺУܶ˱ӿﶼѣȻһȡ
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һߣǱӶЩâһһն䣬ֻӱϫΧ£ţڼѹ۾ҲţһʱҪѿĸо
ڲϴ죬ƣϫͱ㲻ѹҲҪอܴ
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ǰһĻҲ죬ΪԼһǱΣᱻѹеͶû뵽Է衢𵴣ȻӲͦ
Ǻ棬ζģĪϽ֮屦䣿Уѵȥۣ鲼⣬ƷƷһ㣬ڽյâϣûˣܹ֮ƣҲпš
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ϫƴ谭ҵ·޷ǰ壬ͬģڣǣ֮£αλ
£ֻصǰһ̡
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һ⻪ӵϼ
ʼնСӳǱ侪ڶԷԣȴҲ޴ԾȴûмʱӦĿٶĿıһʰ쵵ĵâ
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һĵ⣬ƿϫеľչ¶ǰ
ԭڸпǿ֮ˣ׷ס죬ŰеľĬȻ
һ۵ĵâᴩ˺ţλˣȣǹŵģ纣Ҫģ
ں󣬵â£֮Ϊ֮ܣʯΪ֮
⵶âһ·죬ֱʮɷֹͣǰ쵹⻪̶һһʯ붥ʯ֮ڡ

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317 ѳǱϷ
Ưϻ棬ȴԽʢ
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ЩϢȻֲǱ޾壬ʶĿƣ־ûһ˿ҡ
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˵ţĿһתڳǱϣһЦһתҾôңһ㷴ӦûУǱֶõүƶҡ
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ܽ𵴣ݹϸ֮ϣʱ̺ĳ徢ɢͬʱһ֮дɢһ㣬ѸӹȫӦ
ѪҺɬѪнӲ֮С
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һһļʧǱ׷һ̧â˸УӰƾոֱֶָĺġ
ÿ죡
һĵѨڳ纣ȴɢһΪһס
Ԫеʣ׸죬ǽһ㡣
ԪƽʱҲҪɵ䲻;򵥡ЧҲаʹһ𣬼ֱ׷ڶʱڣ
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жѪ룬ҽ˵ҩԱѪⶼѾӲѪ͡ѣһǷϵˣһצץ⻤ȥ
ľ֮࣬ȴҲûԥۼһ㣬סǱָץӰ
һӰ̴֨죬𻨱䣬һ͸Ļһ㡣
뿪˵ǱӦӲţ
һ̤ǰһʮɣ˳Ǳצ磬Ȼ׺ɫһ䡣
ĿģһĨ⣬ԭǳǱеֻصնˣ
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ܶסѪ⣬һ壬ھͻᷢҩѪҺѭ˲ϢȫѪҺɿ飬Ƥ˲ϢӲ
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οǱƿϸ΢һ壬ͱƣ䶯δϸอѪܣҩɢٶȣҩЧҪٴۿۡ
ټϣʩչĶ;ָΪȴǵнԪ֧Ԯȥˣʵȴɱˣ˵ǻǽףôһץҲҪ顣
ѪԴҽλ˸Ī⣬óĶȻҲǷƷǱʱҩЧѪ⼷ѹ֮£ǵ޷
еҩЧɢ٣ϣǱѪ⣬վǿʼӲһ֮£Ǳȴû׷վԭأû
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ǱûзȻɣﻹѪȴԽ
˵ˣ㲻Щ幦ΪݺὭǣǽռȻȻ׼ҽǰ֪ѪǿޱȣԶˣó˶Ѫ룬רſ㣡
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⻰£䲻ģǱͻȻŶ㲻ɱҡ
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âڣž𶯣Ҫ׵ıɢһ㣬ۿɼڵâš
ʱǵâһ壬֮жȻʧ
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ȻܱٶȣһˣۿҪ뿪âΧ
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ৣ
ֻصֻӰǰ
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ٿصɴ۾
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â˵ߵ뿪˵͵âʧȥϵ⵶â͸ɢȥˣǱһ뵶ǽ۵бҪǵ
ο֮ǰԵâ´˱ȴеǹ谭ʹõâе֮ɢݿά״
ϣͻȻ֣âۣһԹᴩˣӦĲк¸˶ˣе֮ࡣ
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ҲһǴվǽϷġơڡ


322 Ҫ
ǱʱѪǽӲѶܹ֮壬ȫǿĹҲ˵ѪļӲʯֺܶ
ļ⻹䶯Ҳ΢΢𵴣ȥǸеĶѪ룬Ȼҡһһƶ
ֻҪ˼ܿܽϸųжҩɢȻɨڣԱԪҩȻܹɢѪ⽩Ӳ
ϧδȳǱɼƻ߾ͳһɵϢ䲻ǿңķֱʵ֮ơ
֮һѽסǱеһᣬͨɹȥ
ǰӳ䣬˹ܵ¶ȺܸߣǱоԼͻȻ֮˻¯ϡ
ղŴĲǱҲİ˵Ǽ̣Ϊҽ
ڿնȥܿ㾭ֶϷ˱âᴩӰյ䣬ʱɵһѪ죬γһ̲
ںָ̧Ѩ΢΢ֹѪˡâѾֻصУǵڶѨһǡ
ˣǱ׹һӿһ̧â˸ţγӰ
ڴʱв֮
ɣɣǷϾΪϷµģǱɱϷڴˣǲҪɱĺá
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еǱҲţֻתͷҲŭƫƫĵ׷⣬о·бϸڲϣʱܸԼĺ
ָоģ˵ҽӣǱΧʱ򣬳ǱͷϷɹ
ԽڶҽӣǱͨ룬ĿǰһɨһϥصӰ۵ףžͿǸţԼǰŵߣҽ
Ժ͸ղžͨͬ࣬һܶ滹ͨͨǱĿ̽飬ֶͨĿȺ͸߶ȣֱСˡ
ע⵽ǱĿ䶯ҽڵ֣ͨ룬ռ󣬱ͨĿܹ࣬ǣͨ仯ΣգϷѹ⾰ͨŻƽͨ
Ǳ۾ʵӿе֪˰֮£뾰֮󣬾һֱе֣Ϊһ·仯ҽĻ֪ԭֻǡ
Ը֮ѹסͨ仯ԣӦǸ壬˴˱任Ҳ˵붨סһţҪԿţʲôֶΣ
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ͨ˵ܴﵽһǸ٣ǳҲԵġ
ԣҽⷬ˵Ƿǳ˵ģϾ˭Ҳܱ֤Լٹһ٣ɾʢг֮ˣߣԪһٰˣֱ٣˥
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˵ʱûаڣ붼˵˳
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ҽŶԷ¶ЦݣȻ˼άϷҲòʵϷƽӹΪòͻƿܣƫƫΪ࣬޷һ
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ŵĻţ¶ݣһͭ󶦣
ⶦиǣ㣬ͨڣϿйŹֻơ
߸СףгɻƮɢ

ǻ쫷תܻ漤˿˿ɢÿһ˿ɢϢ
ϢڣӲġ
ҽϥգء
ʱǰӰһâէ֣һӰ˲γɣ̶
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323 
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οҽȷҪǱҩҩ飬һغ飬˵ǳǱκˣҲܽܣҩĶ飬ĪǾܻһ
˽ЩǱ֮䣬ͼӽѹͳϸ룬͵ıȳȻɨѨ֮ƣɢ඾ָѪԡ
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Ŷ֪ϷĶ֣ϷǰɱˣǳϣǱΪҲ㾪ˣʲôӦöܳΪһ˽ܣϧδɳҪϷҩǿϧˡ
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Ҳ˵ӦоȣԳǱǱߣǶһǣֽȻֱ
Ҳͭ󶦵ı仯²ͣһһ̤˳ȥ
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谭Ǳ޷ֱ壬ֻý㣬ϥת䣬α仯תۡ仯ڵ˼ʮӰ
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ǿ֮Ӷڱͨ롣
ͨʱɽҡضһſʯֱƮͭ󶦣
ɢܵġǵĻҲƮͶ붦ڣ
ŵһӰҲʼζҪȥܿ죬һ֮棬Ӱס
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ԽԽǿң׵ģȻǳǱ
ڼת̣ۡһضҶʱֺץס棬Ρ
þһϢʱ䣬ǣֿܹģǱջط
УǱ۾۷һ˿ź֮ɫ

ͭһǱûȥӿơ
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ҽһӣ䵽һԵĶշ𣬡žһڶϡ
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ҷģϷ֪Ը޷Ҫһ磬ҩδʼϷȫ㣬ΪϷı֮һ


324 ƻǽ
ղŵʽǽ幦˹ͷ档û뵽ͷֵܽزʵһͷ͵ǵң˵;ˡ
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ϣȭ⡢֮ƻɢֻǹӰڣģģġ
ڣǱƯУҽĻ͸ݹƮǱ˫׽޻ӦĿתܡ
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˵ͭӦʲôصģȻƾձ˵ǽУҶҲ߼ʣҲǲܣȻҲпұ˻þ֮Уǰģá
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ǱڵҪڵζѭʱƣζеɢ֮УӴ裬ϴ軻ѪĿʼһḶ́ڳĳǱ˵ֻǴڿʼ׶Ρ

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325 ҪǱ㶯ְ
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ӵɢϣ޳Σ޿ײ룬Եֵ
һߣЩӰ˷첨Խǿҡ࣬ѳǱȭⶼѹڣžһӵϣ͸Ƥ谭˳Ǳڣ
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ҲӦκ鱾ǻݻҲпܻջػɡǱδȶԷ˵꣬ҡҡͷҲκγŵ³֮಻ǣʱƾ£
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ǱĻƺ׼ŭǵʶ񲨶ʲôôûУԲѵ˵Ҫºǣ顭
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УгǱȭϡ
βϢԽʹ󣬽Ǳ߿ǶצϷڣƹֱգ
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ҽգҩΧĻȻ
һɹɻӵѷӿ
ҽһ죬ָץ
ͱǣţҩ֮ϣУ


327 Ѷ
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ѽҩĶͶУ˶ֻصϢڻ㵤ҩʮ֮Գɡ
ҽĻشϲɫԤףʦ񵤴ɣóԸ
ҽЦͷԱߵĺֶҽӣҲʶķף
һߡ
ڡ
ԭȻУһԲֱɣư׻ӣϢܣԼ濴һΡ
ৣ
ɫâ֣гһ˫ӡ


328 ˼
ʱˮһתۣһ¾͹ȥˡ
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УעĿģô˼¡
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ļ£̫õйأȴħ̺嶾̷ìܣħʥŮײ嶾̳һƴʤ˵޶Ыϵĸָ棬һս꼰㣬жġ˵Ĳ֪
£˴˵֮֮أһ֮أܾܿڣЩǰǣѾֶߣҪڲ̽
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Ƚ˵ǰ˵ǵ£ǸΪС
µĺϢǡ

һǰ֮ܶڣõɢŹԵǵ㣬иеڤڤٻ֤ʵٻԴ֮أ
ֻǣ֮ҪƳŻأҵҼΣͲױ֣֪ģȴһªĵʿҵһʰǰ
кָбڻҵģǸ롣
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ϼ£㣬߼µӰ䲻ö󣬵漰ȴҲ١
д˵ҽЮ˰ٶߣȥһҩΪˣϧаȡߵѪԪˣֱܶӴһ
ˣȴû˸Ҵҽ±ǺޣһȾǰҽ᲻ܴοҽĵҩܶޱȣ֪к;ЧΡʱ߽ǰҪһ̽
Ȼˣ߶Դ˸Ȥе߰ͲԽԶԽãƫƫԸ
֮ͨڣء
һɢУÿһɫ԰ףƴ󲡳
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ͬʱ౻ҽ㣬ʧʶٴͷ֫ңѾԻط
ΣգȺ˵ΪߣֻǳѪĳ̶ȣ˶࣬û̫Ұģۼһ𣬶⾰֮ͨУ㰲ȫ
Щ飬ȴǵƾܣܱġ
գ
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ŤͷվһеĳԴȥ
ĿģǽʮֵĴ󺺣ǵϸżǲʣ˺ú
Ϊ׵ļ棬Ҳī˼ɤӣάȻϵĲһȥۼżˡ
磬ĢԽԽѲˣԽԽٲ˵ԽԽࡣī˵ţϲ£֮ȴǰŵļĢ
κһһϲ˼£ͷŵ׽
īҲ˵ó·һȻݸأеǹȥͼСɷ˳ͻˡ
ˣڵϣϵѪѸɺԣ͸ѿڣܿ˿ڣѪģ
ҡҡͷһĢ
ԱߣļҲԹһ
̫ˣ̫ˣ
κ̵ĢǵùԽԽ춼԰գ̾˿
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ڣɵ߿أ֮Σղ٣˷һܶˮ̶̶ﻹ㣡
ǵڰ˼£ӰΪ޴˺䶯ƴ˲
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ֻĢ࣬˸࣬ܶΪðˤΪѪˮҲϧһһ֮Ľ죬ĢȻʣ޼
ÿΪĢᷢƴѳɼҳ㷹
ȺҽߣҲУˣغļѣ˶ˣֻܿīκȥĢʳ
䣬ʳҪСԹžĸ֮˵ССļĢܹ
ԣһֱͳԲżģÿ˵ƢԽꡣ
ôȥҲǰ취֪ղ뿪
Ģ˾һ̸κпţҲΡ
ʵֻҪҽԸ⣬ǸЩ࣬˵īҴ˼£ѹҽĵӺӦˣǳҽĵҩһţʮղʳ棡
ĻҡҡͷؿЦˣ˼ҵȻǣΨһָģǶǵǡ
⻰һ˵Χ˶ǴͷԶļˣ
һ֮ǰȥժȡĢʱ򣬾ʹ˿е֪йسǱѶϢ֪ǱδȥΪսʤ쾳ĺ롣
Ȼ֪ʱǿеĶǲԶλͨܶŻ֮ڡ
޴գͷ
ҽأһԡ
ܶΪлŴڣԵøȣǳֻҪһ²߽졣
¾ˣȴһɫ糣Ҳ
˵ˣӦͺڶѨһǵɮΣԵС
Ǳ˴֮Ҳй
ʱ

һŵͭﴫļ˶޷Ӧϰߡ
ֻҽƤӣɻ
֮ԽܼǽҪɵԤף˶ڣʮ춼ôҪɵˣ
ɻ֮ʡ
Ƕڣһ˫ӶȻī˿â޵Ԩһ䡣
ƺָҲˣֻδʵʩչ֪ЧΡ


329 ʶʶ
˫λ֮С
ƽڲȴӿƮƮɢɢҩϢϢб䶯ͷų
˫ӲΪ֮·ꡢǧ궼˿仯Ĳ
ǳǱ˫ۡ
ţ¶ȼߣͨУѱճɻҽ
ҲǳǱǲܳܣˣϵѲԭڻеĵҩΪҩƿԭ򣬲δʧƮƮɢһԡ
žžž
Ǳϣ˿˿˸ţ⣬Ѫ⡣
ڣÿһ֮ϣÿһ⡢֮ϣһ֮䣬֮ڡ
ϸСĵ
ǴԽͣͼɱ񡢵Ź󣬹Խ̣Ǳն͹һ㣬Եøʵ⻬
ֻ΢ϳֳı仯ϣɢȥǱ˵Ļ֣ᷢʬɿݡ
ϵѪƶȥһ㣬ֻһƤŹͷ׳˵Ĵܹĸϣ̸
ǱôݹᾣƯ֮УҲʲôϢ¶һ֮У˫ڵţ˭ΪѾȥ
ǱԴҲ⣬ͷһתʶȫֱ仯ͷ֮ڡ
Ǳڣֳǰǡǡ෴Ѫ֮ʢ˵ǾףϹŻ޺Ҳв磡
ֻЩѪȴǴǰֲȫѪ֮УǼ࣡
Ǳ֮ԭǴ࣡
֮ڣѪҩϢһ𣬱˴ںϣȻֳ˵ҩΡ
ҵǵҩ֮أ
㣬Ǳû¶֮⣬в˾˵棬й¶ֺγԱȡ
֮£ޱȣԹɰ֪һҩʦַܽɣܹ߳ɹʡ
˶֮˵֮ҽóʩУȻг
֮ѡǱǿľǣǱҽμʱǶʮĳ̶ȣѴٱ̤죬ͻƼޣн
ּ͵ǣܹӴѹѹѹ
ҪΪ轫ҩĵȶ壬ƣҩʱҪסҩת֮ѹȡһ˶ȻҪҩʱѹ
ҩ֮У˲ĵرǲԵҩĲ֣ҩĻһһҩͣ̾ͻڱըѣΪһ̲Ѫˮ
ǱİٱǣܸܳѹԱ
ͬʱٱǸζӴѪʢȡܸҩ滺ǽȻ£ĳɹʡ
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ϢڣɢʸͬеȻеһ죬еĳȺء
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ʱǱԼ֮ڵĲףȵ߹Ǿۼͷ첨͸ԣǡɣǱ䲻ʶʶϸһȣܹʹ˷ֶߡ
ɫǱ֪ʶǿĽƣҪһභ޹ʵ˷Ѿս̲ᣬڳǱʶȻأͼôܹҪжġ
ֱǱҽԷʵԵֿͭ󶦣˶ƣʶ̯ơ
֮һǰһĻǵʶٿǣۻϢ
ƫƫҽųԴף屾ԴȥϢһٻƣ˳ƲƵ֮ϣ˶еʶޱȣ
ǱץסᣬͻȻһʳ߿ǣȭѹȣʶͱˣһʱκβ˳ǱʶһֱڣϢ
ˣǱƿ߿ǣ˳Բиǿ
ΪҪһҪϣ֮£𲽽ڣΪá
ǱҩȻûʱ䣬ҽ֮£һˣڸҩŰ쳣
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󣬵ʶʶ˼άǲʧ
ЩǱʱҩơϢΣҽԽ֣࣬ҪǱʶĥ͵㣬Ϊһƻˡֲ˵ĴڣҲܷ
ǱҲ֪࿹ʶֱʶռ䣬ҽʩΪԼл
ʶ֮ǰǱҲ°ֻ֣ؾķţ߶
⹦ΪȻ֮ͻƣǱʱʶɥʧ֮⣬ʶɢɰչС
ʶʶ
ʹˣҽ˹ȥ
һҽΪǱ˺޷֮˶ҩġϢ档
Ǳʶһֱʶ֮ڣʱ䣬սеĺõ˼ļƷ
ƺָ
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Ըһ쾳ĺǱҪƾ񾳱쾳Ҫһ磬͸Ҫ˵ˡ
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ЩǡɿһЩ
ǣ
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ҲҩᷢԵɡ
գǱʱ죬ʶʶ̽׼Ĳ衣
ȻǸû뵽һΣǳ˷Ծ
пţҲنʶλʱпܱҽֶ֣롣
ǣǱתһѣθϮ
ˣڵ൤ҩȡѪѲԭİٱǣޱȣԲ㣬ҵʶһ£΢΢˸ңҪУ
⣬Ǳģɱ촽һš

Χʱۼ¡
ͬʱԶŵһҩƿҲ˹
ҩƿһǱҲදһţƿһȥһҧԴ࣡
ҩƿһ飬һŵҩ˳ʳ䣬вҩҲڡ
ҩɢǱĵ׶ʱһĨ֮УǣͷԽ
ŵҩĵ
ĵľģҲ
Ǳʵеõҩʱһ£;棬֪ҩЧˣ㣬תеƣ뵽ĵԺԥȥ
ҩһɢĵֻǽǵľȥ߶
ǱҪڵζһԽȴ׳˲٣ҩеõ˲ٺôôһģһֳʵС
ˬ죬ˬ죡
лǱͷٶϢзֳţֱ뵤
Ϣ̺аغһ뵤и֮ڣͬʱǱڵǵԪ༫ٻط;˼ת۾ͳڵ֮С
һ̣ں¡һ츲أ翪ٵأ


330 ޼ޣ޾
Уҵı仯𵴺
ԪɵıźȻ壬ΪŶһ߻ȣһ߱
ʱϢ롣
ǻȵʱǣŤ䶯һһ㣬ɢ͹¶һȼһеϢ
𣬳ɣ
űҲһϢһ˸Ϻ֮¶һɶ䡢̵ϢҪһУ
޼ɣ
Ϣи
ԪʱѾ뵤ŽϢںһٽϽиʱ仯ư֣ɢŨķϢϾûвնϵ
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˥ѭ࣬޻
Ϣи֮УбȶأôһںҲֻ̫еĺʵԽŨأݳһʷĺظУǱĸ֪ƮһĲ쿪ȥޱߴأ
ػ죬Ų䣬޾أ
ϢһǱ͸нϣ仯һʼ޼ֻؾϼصķ֮⣬ֶǰɣԷɣǱҲһһ
ֱ仯ֻޱȣÿ죬ȥҲ죬̶̲Ϣʱ䣬ͷƽ˾ֻڵÿһǱʶֱΪ
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ֻǣǱڱҩϢ壬бԴЩһһѣҩȥֲϢȥΪбԴȥ
ѣѣѣ
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ʱƣҲСϡʱ򣬳ǱͻᲶ׽ΧҩһԪ䵽֮УΪ
ݽ˴˻ųǱԽԽ٣ǱڵȴѸͨ
̫ξͨ
ľͨ
İͨ
󳦾ͨ
ͨ
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಻ϣ֮ͱ޸Ǳʹ˼ʱ⻷˵һƽ
Щеʡ谭ݿһɨգ
ǱУ෢ϸ΢ı仯һ޾ηҵϢ
Ǳ̲ڵȭ⣬ҲȻ仯ϵӽܣĳɱ䣡
ǱɱƤϣֳһϸ磬ԭûκϢ֮ϣɢ˿˿졢Ϣ
У΢΢϶ΪһǴУʼ˿˿ƵϢ

ǱҡҡͷȻͨ˵Уͬ𣬱˴֮ϵڵϢȻ飬Ϊǵ㣬ɢ֫ٺ뾭Ѫ⡢֮С
ܴһ䣬˴֮ϵӽܣֻؾ˹·ߣЩβתأĳѭ
ˣˡ
Ǳ۾в꣬ˮߴүӣƽͶȫעʱ
ͬʱĵףоɢʶΪ֮һһܸͷ
Ŷľѳɣ֪ӵеһľ
һ˼Ǳ֪ܵɣҲ⣬עǼϡ
ٿأ
䣡
ĸйٺűеϾһƬѭ಻
ˣ
ﰵʱǱϰͨϵһѨڵĸֳ
ѭ
һҲͽ㣬һ죡
ԴܹѨѨŹͨԪ
һָ֣屦أ޽ӽֻһ֮
ֻǱڵ״̬Ƚ⣬ϴ軻Ѫû֮ǰͽ⻷㣬սϣû̫仯ΪֻؾиԵʣսԶ
ʱˣе׼ɣǹעһһƴʱˣɣҳǱӴ˰ڣԳͨ裡ǰܣҲûʲôֱӾˣҵҩҲٵҽļƻҲһ񲻿գ
һˣǱһɱ촽һ䣬¶Цݡ
ڴֻᣬɲ˶ϵģһߣǿģҲĥ־
ͷ£Ǳڵһ𣬽ţХӿȥ
ǵеԪҲԷڣޱıľˮԪϣ࣡
ȫ𵴣谭ѪҺ
Ѫͣǣš
ءһǱǴըѿ
һзϸ۵Ӱ֡
䣡
ȵϢӳǱϱתۻɢΧ䣬ޱߵγۿɼĲơ


磬ҩ𵴣ӵ಻Ĵγɵˣͨܶߵͨӿȥ
һʱ֮䣬˱ˣͨڵ¶
ôã
ͨۼŵڶ߹ȻʧɫΪбʣͨ룬ԴļˣҲ׷վ粻
Щ棬ƽģҲֻҽһˣʱҲʧȥ򶨡
ˣ죡ǵҩѳɣҪף죡


331 ܵ
˴ԼʦĻһ˿֮⣬ӡУδ
ʦ֮λʦ𣬾ͲЦŭɫκ鶼꣬Եг㣬ʵں
ֹ֣ȴҲҵ󣬽ʦܣͼææĳԱߣȻȡһ̡
һĻ˼ȴɫ
ʦֶӦЦЦǵҩˣǱСˣ˵ڵЩˣô²һǲ񾳵ҽǰԳ֡
˵ţ̧ϳһۡ
ڻǸ˵ôǱѵȥ⼣߰ߣû뵽ز֮ǰսȫǿ񵶵ҵУ貶ĿҲΪȡİȻ֮⣡
˵ţ¶Ȼ֮ɫӦ죬һµƾ
ԼʦֶĻ¶Цݣһ֮ɫתͷȥҽ
ʱҽȻƮڿУҩ˫ۻӶڵһ龢磬ҩ֮ϡ
ҩ죬־𶯣ҽţƽϢ
ҽȻƽϢҩ춯ϵȴԽأüͷ壬һ󲻽ģ
˶ҩʮգĽվҪɳңҩἫʳϢ֮ԭٶҪıҲϷԤƵĴͬ
ҽһʱʱ̶̿עҩκϸ΢ı仯Ӳĸ֪ҪǳǱʶʶѪɳȡͱ䷢˶ߡ
񣬳Ǳ۾ָʶҩһΪȻ䶯Ǳڣ񱬷춯ҽɣҽϾǵһǬһЩ仯ʵҲ
ɴһֶ춯ֻΪҩ裬׼дʼϣΪ顣
û뵽δʱҩͻȻ𶯣죬ɢĲ˶֮󣬵ҩ͡Ϣǵӣ⵹Ǻԭһ޶侪ڵҩǰͣȴҲû֮⡣
ΪǱܹ¼ҲԼ֡
ϷĹ㻹ƫģΪϢ̫棬Բǰɡ
һˣҽȶ˫䣬ǲҩϵĻ֮߱ɢӴҩֱˡһڵϡ
̣
ҩ֮аȵĶʯ̵ðˡ
׼𶦣
ҽ״ٴȶ䣬ʱ磬סҩҩϵ¶ȶȻ½ܿ¶Ҳ֮ͣӦ˶еһΥˬ֮С
˴ҽӣҩӸһϸ쳤ˡ
ҽԣ˽̽ʦ𣬽һ֣ʾӹȥ𶦸ǡ
ҽأ̣͵״̬Ҳ֮ȥƾտǣģΪǬǷвͿܹһ
ߵͨڴ֮ԭǲ߾ۼҪһ̽
һ·ҽߣҲĽˣͶҽƵĵҩȤڿƺǵҩѳɣʱͲסҪۿ
ҽأĽڶ࣬ӵס
쿴Ҫˣ
֪ʲôҩ
ŪôƣǵҩһͬСɣ

ճ˵ĵӲ˿Ӱ죬һһҵվҩ࣬ϸһ˴һ㣬Ƕ΢΢Ʈ
һƮ¶һ˿϶
ʱн͸Ʈת۳֮ء
⡢ŵ߸Ӽɴ۾ֱؿҩ˵ˡ
Ӧ졢ɮεľ׼һǬķɡ
Щ֮Уɫ΢Թ죬ڶƮ϶ʱ¶ɲɫ
ͬʱҽҲ׼ϵ֮Ʊҩ֮ϡ
ǻ
ԽŨ
ͻȻ
ãҪٿˣ¸ϣҽȻɫ䣬ϵ֮һšΪһֻ֣Ķǰȥ
ճ˵ĵӻûع͸еһ𣬴֮⣬ľֱӱѻڣס
һ̣㵹༫䣬ۿžҪ¸ϡ
ʱ
䣡
һƴҩб
һ˺ϱǰϸĽɫӶֱ𣬰ѸҩתżɳȥײҶϣǡѺէ֣һգۣ˰
ô£
ͻȻıʣǺˣǶڵĽ߶һͷˮԼҽղŵıһ˿ͬѰζ
ѵ˵һݣûǴӶкХĽȻһ䣡
Ť䶯
ȵϢҩҽڿշɳ
ˢ
֮ڣһϸӰһһת;סһҽӣȻһ

ǵϵīɫͱϸӰߣʧڹ֮ڡ
ôܣ
ͺһҽǵɴ۾¶˾֮ɫ
⻰ո¡
أ
ըѿʱХɳ
úõһƬطһƬģ޼ˣڶҽӺͶڵĽ߶æ۾ܷɳ
ͬʱ
֮һӰƮɢܿƬǿҵб
ͣϣֱǰ
ǡȭ⣿
ӦʱҲʶľ֮⣬սս
էһ֪ȭ⣬ʵȭ⣿ģ۵˼㣬ֱӽ࣡ã
ɴ۾ͫ׽Ӱ֮У׽һӰʱ⡱һðҲϸ˵һץסӦ죬һţٺˣ
ܵ𣿡
δȺ¾ױоͻأĳһţŵ׵ɢȴԭأ
ãǳǱû
пһִͷĸоͷȴǣ֮Ʊ糱ϫӿ

ܿں֮ƵĴ£ٶγɿ磡
Щ۾Ľ߼һĻһ
쾳ĺǰ
ôԶҲܸеϵĿֲϢ
ţϵ̫
Щ˵Ļδ˵꣬ٿصɴ۾͹Ҫۿѳһ㡣
ֻһӶ
ս
ܵĿһ㣬֮ӰŤϵ֮ƾȫ˻ȥ
ۣ
һѪȫ


332 ƣ
ô£
ڶԭźնʮ㣬ϵ֮罭ӾһХķ
ǣû뵽һϢ֮ƾͼתֱ£
Ӱһ
˱Ӱôһ֣ͺǱһֶֻסһ㣬Ӱ𶯡ѸΧĿ󱬣
졣
Ӻӿ֮ƣҲӲѹŷڣ
ֻ֮һƻأûȥ⾫ȷƣ˳Ѩڣǿƿëףӵ壡
ʱڵѹѪҺѪܶܵѹѪңŰ
ûгǱǰǿ̣ܲסֻѹѪƿƤ⣬ӿ
ۣۣۣ
һѪѪţ˿ëȻ

ѪԱߵӦϣ߶ʱһ־֣ͷһת۾ֱӰϮķȥ
ĿģǵĹǽɫ󣬲Ƭǹ֮УһӰԽ
īɫ·ɫʽǸղŴҽȥġ
ˣҲԾڣ¶ݵ塣
ֵǣݣȴƫƫ󣬸һ־桢Ȼĸо
Ӧ߻ƣ˵֮ϣŵһ
Ǳ㾹δҩ֮ˣ
˵ȻݣԭòЩ룬Ӧ֪飬ʱ򿴵Ӱôϲ
ͻȻ֮ˣǳǱ
ɫƶƷ˶ǣȻȻըѣΪǵĹâƬǱӰڹɢ󣬷ġ
ǵӰǴӳǱ𣬺ʮɣںϵģʱѪ죬ϵԱѪȾֱͦͦվţͷϲסźˮһž޴ѹģ޷˵
Ӱ˫۾˾֮⣬ضųǱ
ž
Уһ֮Ƽͬһ㣬ֱӰǿиӰͺ֮䣬͵һúѳ
һȫë׶ſˮֱҴϢһѵģ
ϷԾ
һߣϵţǺХļ磬ϢȴһӰ֣ץǱ
Ǳ۾ҲˣҲͷһϵӰ֮䣬βһ˦ڹӰ棡
ղţҽͻȻ֣Ӱ˺žͳֹǱ
䣡
β֣߽Ϊãײһȴʵһ㣬ĳҵУγۿɼĿƣɢ
ǣǣǣ
ײұ֮ϣұʱѣ϶ӣʯɢҳƮɢ

һЩƣĽڶߣЩ˶ʱɫһףƺһɫ䣬׷׺ˡ
ʲôֶΣս֣˵ನɢϣȻƤ͸ǣอܵ𵴣Щֱˣ
ǱನմȾܴСȻľսٺУҲɻ
ҽ꣬Ҳ쾳Ķ֣ΪֵþȣӶڱĳ˭ǿѹ˳ֺҽ⣬Ϊˣ֮
ЩȻʶ٣ϵһЩ֪ޣǵУ쾳߼ޣ֪񾳵ĴڣͰҽҲ췶Χ
ӦģȺͺҽսĳǱҲ˼ע⵽ǱǴҩڳģϧܼʶޣһͷˮ
⡭
֣ӦôδˣȴһϤУ
ȺҽߣҲмǱˣϤ֮С
һ³ϵѪǱѪήлָòǰȻв𣬳Ӧ֪֮⣬էһԱϳ
һߣǱҽչУײˣԶڵĽˣεҲе̺Ӵа
ԾģĪΪ֮һҽ
λߺͳǱһУΪԷֻѡҪԿذɣǿǵβ˦бƣ˿֮ƣʱ֪һǱǷʲôʡ
ǱҩʧȥϵܹȻǽˡ
һˣҽľȥɫŭ
Īǣ۶Ϸĵҩҩ
뵽˳Ǳı仯Դҩҽ̾ʶҩǳ⡣
ңΪѳɣյǰƣôǵҩ죬ǳǱ֣׬˶ǣ
뵽ƺܹܿһˣҽٳšǸҲܼƽ
ǬһĹؼڣϢĻ֮٣ô׼꣬ɹڼô׷ܹʧܣ
뵽ҽ֪ţҩУһ̣ɫ䡣
Ƕвҩϡûټ
ããã
˵֣ҽɫ࣬ϢһӿïʢĹŤ֣ɢŨţһΣƻð˸Ǳȥ

һգ۵ĹҽͳڳǱǰ̧һץҡҷϣ֦Ҷƹȥֱۣʮ㡣
˲䣬ҽϱǿƣâ˸ֱӣ
ҵҩҲ޷ҩϢϣѪ㣬һܷϻͯǱǣԺ޹˼ɵĴᾧͷ־
УֻݵֽߣϹӰ䶯ɽˮָɽֱѹ
ءѸ
Ǳ״˫кӰܱɫʣ޵Ԩһ㣬䡢أĻ꣬ţָ̧֣ţǰһƣ

б
ۣ
Ǳĵ͹ѨȻըѣѪһƶ
һ֣ſһҧŤ䶯Ϊɫƣײҽָ
ӡ

֮ռŤˮϵĲƣţҵıըը죬ڶڷ죬
ңմȾɫʣǲ塣
ǱҽӰҵڸǣɫʣ˸޷о
⡭
ȽֵƣҪ˵ͨߣˡɮΣδ
ʱ
û뵽浽˵زϵȭ⣬ҲںϢΪʵ壬֮ƵƣѹϷһƣҲӲӣ
ҽӻҵд˳
Ͼֻ쾳Ϊ춼ڸԭǿʹ棬޷Ԫٲ䣬ʱ򣬲࡭ʲô


333 ɱ
ҽĻδ˵꣬ͱΪ

Ļ£ɢӰ¶һǰһӦڼٳȥ
ҽǰ˵ȡƾ֮ԵһζӳĳˣǾˣҿڵӣĪΪ˵ҩҲҪͳĳݲɣ
ӰѸ磬ת۾͵ǰӦͺͷһԺˣ룬תҪ򶴿ȥ
ʱһӰƹֶ˰סӿ̩ɽѹϸ֨죬ʯѣվԭأ¶ʹ֮ɫ
ǬϷڱصãǻģһҪ̵⣬ϷҪˣ죬Ҳ붯һë
ҽ𣬺ֶٸӰζҡҡ׹ĸо
ǰȨ尡ǱҡҡͷͻȻһǣŸԭ
أ
ǾۼؿڴİѪȫ飬ɢϯ֫ٺ˿˿ʢѪƤ֮УУǱϸɱƤ̳ӯ
ͣ
Ѫ̼Ǳɱơ԰׾ȥú棬ѪӯϢɲƣ壬ǿҵķ俪

𵴲ƱҽڳǱϵ֮Ʊֱɢ
ôһĻҽ۾һɣһӣ־ۼһԪҪѹȥ
û뵽Ǳһ˦ž죬Ѩ͵һ£ţϷ϶ϢӿХƿգɽ緢㼤ңƬʯֱĥɻҽ

ڣųǱ۹ȥǰһˣ뵽ϵӰ֮ڣӰԽʵ
⡭ҽ״ͻȻ򣬡ѹָղҩϢٶô࣬ԭ
ͷû£ǰХ죬Ϣšһɣϵĳת۾ײϣҡΣ¶ϸ΢Ѻۣ·Գֳ
ͬʱǱǰһ죬ֱдϢۼֱ۱棬ֱ۶ʱǣɫľޱۣ
ޱ۳Լɣ̯Ȱ˻ߡ
ǱٿϢҽѹƶԷȻ󽫾ޱǰһ죬һһңһһֶϸȥ
һʱ䣬ӰڱΣɳʯȵϢӾбֶϣǱͳѹص飬ŶУ
Ӧɵһĩսٵĸо
ɱңûôף
֪ͷָҽڽԼϣھ£ò˼ͷһƴĵ糱ϫӵ֮ƻһֱ
ͷҲ˲ˣܵвʲôοˣҲʲô
ҪȥȻһӢۣȴҪСӵĵʯܸģ
ǿҵ˺ǱܣڣתɢӨ֮УģԼһξӨ
Ҫͻˣҵľ磬Σʱ̣ȻҪͻˣһ㾫Ԫ֣ǽڶ㱧Ԫı֣
һߣͬڳѹӦԵøӲӶѹóʯ棡
дڣԼǱһĵһĻԽŭҲ־壬Ĵһݽҡ
ϻֻصڵĽӵ룬и
ɣɣǱС֮ǰսǿ֣ʤңΪһᱻ۷ɱô
ĻǱУע⵽Լһ·ֻصȻ䵽Ӧ˵Уʱüͷ
ĳıУҲյģ
һ£ߵľһӿ֮
޼

šһɣɢ֮Լֻܻ֮⣬ɢȥܣ

ֻص֮ǣţӦĻѣ
³ͻȻӦʹһʱûסַɳ
һ̣ӰӴɫ
ǾΪϢۼɣʵޱȣʵӶڶڵطȥǱޱۣͬ
ͬһʱ䣬ٴλѪԭϫ֮ƶұ߾ǿѹ£ش
Ϸ˵ˣĪˣ
ʱҽϢѳһ˦ž缫ٳֹޱֱۣӹǱ壡
Χκԣ
žɢŨĻϢನɮɫ仯
þ˵ĻϢޱȣϣᱬ֮
켲ת۱㵽Ǳǰǿһ£Ҳģƾʧսõѡʱȴһޱ仯ֶΣٽ⡣
²ֶѵδ
Ǳһصֱ£棬·Ϣһͬʱ촽ᶯ³֡
޾أ
¡¡
£𶯣˷
˶еһΣ
ৣ
Ǳǰشֱܶ
žžž
ľײڵش֮ϣըѿ
ǵش֮УϢڡ
ͬʱ
ǱŹңԸʹӣս졭ӦĲҽںޣ
Ҳֵط졭֮ź
ţƵ

˵ӱȫڸǣϣڽըѣѪɱը״ɢ俪Ͻļߺҽ˸ͨ͸
ˣ
쾳ߡˣ
쾳۷壬ܻߡˣ
ϲѪǼ˵ɴ۾˺ʧǣš
ǺݣҲ֪Ϊոոλ쾳ֵƣ𺳣û뵽⻹δ೤ʱ䣬ԷУ
Ѫأȫ飬ޱȣ
ְ
ںܶ˵д۷壬弫ޡ
ͨ˵ܼһѵãֵô飬Ϊ̸ʣ£ǵǰһ߲ʵߣȴһˣ
˷ƽǿǱĿУ˿־֮⡣
ţȺ˾
ʱĳǱѪӯȫѲǰĸݣǽ˶仹в»ָԭò
Χ۵棬ҽߣҲЩǱ̾ͽǱ˳
˲ǡǱ´ôԡƺǱˣһ·ͬҽߣǶڳǱŷĵ𾴡
ûǳǱѹҪɱһ¶ǰǶз˳ͻˣ˵ⷬˣǱͺĵһν档
ô˺ҲдδǱδǱź¼֮ˣɡ


334 ĪҪ̫
ѯ֮˵Ļ£̾ȥ⡣
һߣˡɮЩͳǱսйӴˣ֮ɫǺǰǱΪΡ
˫ͷսʱǱƴ˸ͬھսʤƻ벻Ѿ
ҽȸֳûܾºֶ
뵽йؼɮԽ
Ǳ˵ĸ룬ˣһ˦˫ۣ
ǣǣǣ
Ӵֱ۴ϣΪƬƬƬ
˫ִϢѳǱһ̧ұۣһţǿҵ֮صֻصһգұһתһ
â۹ľѣ
ȴҽٴγ֡
λ˵ɫѿĺҪγˮ
ȻһֹϾ棬Ǳᣬǿɱ˺ֶˣΪҽ־øʢ˵ڱһƴϣܹܣ
ߵı֡߾ΪȻĵλ֣ҽʱգѾǲϴ˹ȻԼǷںʱˡ
Ǳһ˾磬תͷҽʵǰҶԹ壬֪ǷҪִڵҩ֪Ҫȴ޵
ҽϵ¶į֮ɫ΢΢𣺡Ϸ֮ģûκֹܹϧԵ죬
ǱԵͷǾûа취ˣҵ㿴С£Ҫãͱ븶ۡ
䣬ͬ
ҽϹҡҷϢɢⶴѨÿ˶ƽֿ͸ɣĸо
һ̣һڣϢڶб˰߶Ʒɡɣ
ԭҽĹྐྵȻȼһ߷ŶѨĳǱȥ
Լ۶һߣǱǰһ㱣Ӱ䶯·ֻص˫ͷս֮ʱ
ʱ˫ͷҲǵһߣˣǱΪ˶Կƴȫ
գԴҽɸΪȡǿ
ʱͬա
ǱţȻ۾̯˫ۣ֪չȥΧ
֮ڣи𶯣Ԫӵκ·ȣôһӿ£档
䣡䣡䣡
󣬵Ϣ·޾һ㣬ӿڳǱϣںȭ⣬ӰԽʵɢǿҲׯϡϣ

ǣǣǣ
Ѩһζţһϸش
Ȯ֮䣬տĶѨת۳һϸʯ̣
ÿһУ̲ųϢһ˿ءȶԪ
⡭δ̫˵ɣ
ڱԵڶ߼ææ֮ͨڣǰһ̾
ɫĻ𣬻ɫң֯һ𣬱γ˲쾰谭ߣ޷еս龰
ֹͨߣɮˣҲǱҽʱƱȵԳܣòˣ˳ͨҶͣפһ䡣

գ
ҡٵĽŲ鲼ھͨ
е˶ƶ
ղųǱֵǼӣƲϢ֮ϣͨĶѨ𶯣ͨڶ߸еҡΣ֪˱ʡ
ЩΪͨҪȻţȺųȥ
Ҳ֪֮⣬һе롣
⣬룬һţеĴ󲿷ֶҽˣһ·Щ飬ûзʲôѪ¼
֮ˣ֪֮䣬ûκֵܼԼųڳȥ󣬼ಽ
ʱ
ʲô
ļٵģ
Ϣɿô
˵ͻȻһƬȻУޱȡ
ô£ôͻȻô֣ĪǷʲôκ󶯾һ̲ס˵
īҡҡͷߴٵֺˣбҲܹȾָģǻǾ뿪ĺãĶ󣬾㶴Ѩް̮Ҳ
Ļδ˵꣬ͱһˡ
˵Ϊ̫ͬʱֻǿڳܹںʲô
ǳֵ֣ܵ
ɻУ˲ĳڣ׷׻عͷȥ
ĿģһȺ֮ɫĴ󺺡
ЩƼݣ϶ۣƣ֮ɫ
Ƕڳص˵İѵܡҲͬǰҽģͳصЩ飬ֻһ㡣
ֻ£ЩһЦݣ¶һɿֺõζ
ôˣ
زǴˣ״ɻȴ¶ɫһκǰһǰ棬Ȼʡ
ԭǻ֪´ûǰ棡
̫ˣûǺΣְնУһôţǱ´һƸˣѪأ
֮ǰҲ˵´ڣŰɣȷˣ˳´Ҳܰȫ뿪ˣ
ɲô⼸ĵģԲ˯ãһۣҲѲˡ
ûϢԳ´쾳ʵ˼ҳָõЩôأ

˼κѯʣʱ˵ȡӣƣɣ³ϣʡ
Ǳкֶ飬ҲһԵ˵˳
ϧǣӦǰϲ֣ȴܾӣЩʱ򣬸ͲӦصֻڳǱͺϡ
Ȫ֪ȻĿ
صԴЩΣֻѾ˲²⡣
ȼ˵꣬ظæʵ´ĪǾҵȵĶǱҲ⾰ͨ
ǳǱ´
óѯʣ̻Ӧǿ֪ģǱڶʱ򣬺ͳؼЩ飬Ȼҵ
ҲǳǱոջһ쾳ߣ̫ˣʹЩм𾴣η壬ҪͳǱϹϵһСĵ˶ԷԺͳǱЩĳصˣ಻Ρ
ˣ֤ʵв룬شϲ֪ںδ
´ںҽ֣
𰸣һ£ɵұٴ𶯣ʯɳ䡣
ԭе䣬Ϊҽս뷨ҽ꣬һ˵߶ҽ֮Ī⣬սʤ㣿
ô֣ǻǾȥͳ´ϰɣҲڵ֪Ҳбֵģ´ȥɼʳҲɱˣ
ʱ˽гг˼͵ζ
˵ҲԣЩҽǰöѣҽǵһ££ɡ֯ȻвҲͱƵһ𣬿ϧûи˭ܹһ
˵Ļīκ涼תĿ⣬ڳϣ⡣
ˣһʱ֮䣬سĿĽ㣬˵ͷ˼
Ŀĸоóһֻ֪ҪԼ˵һЩ飬˶ӣŴƷζغ壬ĦԼ˼
ָоǳػѣΪǱĹϵܻ˾
һ㣬سһԵֵܵȻˣǾͲҪˣȹȥͶϡ
⻰һ˵κ˾ͼתŶȥ;֮˷׷ױãó˹ȥŴҴҸϡ
ִóظ泩ҲԱߵκ桢ī
ֵܣͬȥĴ磬Գ˽һֱλڵײ㣬ǼˣҲ˺ȥĽɫµĴǵһξ
Ҳ˵ֵܵΪףһ˻нΪˣܼУԹ˺һŵͨ롣
һ·ϣѨ𶯡ҡΣʵ˰ѺͨıоգǰȻӣ˰ˣǰ·˵ĳزǰС
ʱмԸǰҵ·ˣغͳǱĹϵ˵˳Щ֮¶ɫɲĿ˳һۣȻ׷ױá
ЦǱǿǵǵ桢ɱһ쾳ߵˣ˭ǣ
ԣһ˵غͳǱЩԨԴС޵ľ;˸Աãʡǻ
һ˽ӽ붴ڡ
ԽߣԽеǰӿϢ
ֻನǲϣʱͼһĲ˵ˣ־㲣һӴϢԽ֮У֫䡣
磬û°ɡ
ֵע⵽ѯʡ
£ǰ
ҧأǰ
ǰĶԽԽʯӰӳвʱ
ÿһѨһ£
ǡ
ƣƤһ
ʱҽȻ𡪡
ĪҪ̫̫Ϸ˺ͬھ


335 ˼죬ҽȾѪ
ҽⷬڵʱһȻ
ҽ⻰˼·簡
ܶ˵һʱʹƷζ˻ﱳĺ塣
ոյĳصֺȻ
䲻֪ҽľΪǶƻ˽ġ
һ·ϣҽнҽδֹȴֵĸĪ⡣
֮󣬽һаٶˣͷڶ֮ѡ
ʱҽƮ䣬ֶξԵϡסĸ֣
֪һٶˣǽŵվţҲҪռݺôһƬطҶֵĺӣܱͨߣףҪ˵ȥƮڲֱָͨ伸ɣ
ֶΣ
Ȼ֮󣬳ص˾ʧȥʶ֮󣬻ⲻľ²⣬ҽӦؾľ֣
Ҳˣ޷ԿҽŽԹ޶תƵӦϡ
£иĪҽеĺ壬ʾ֮⣬öֲҪ١̫ȻҪͬھ
ܲľ
һ˵ͬھֻΪֵˣĽڡΪսʤҪַֻԷͶס
ȻҲҪƴһսǱ˫ͷһսսʤվͬھֶΣսᡣ
˿̣ҽĶ֣ǳǱ
ҽƵȵز˵
ͷת¶Ⱥ˷֮ɫתͷԼֵһۣ˵пһĨ⡣
ĪѾˣ
ǵУܹ߶ԿģȻֻͬΪ쾳ߣ
һ뵽ֿܣ˵ʱһĨεϲ⡪
ʣܹһϽ飬ֻǱ˵ȥǼֵҫҵ飡
˵ĸǰҽߣĽΧߣʱһݣҪô֪ҽֶΣҪôǼҽͳǱսֵĳ棬ȻĶʤ
۾ȳ̶ȣȵĻˡɮεˡ
⼸˸ռŶѨһ䣬ܿ˻ʯش̣ΪĹϵҪֱǱҽսʱľನò˹࿹
ҽĵӣˣҽΪ˽⣬֪ԼʦΪ˺εȿµĵزڲϵ͸һ¥ˣҲҽִҪǬԭ
˿ҽ㲻ðգΪεɽ֮УвԼʦ
û뵽һ۵ߣȴҽս˽սʱɢನ̺ŨĻϢ΢մһ㶼ҪอòƽϢ
̫˼ˣǰǱȻսǷߵİٱΪ쾳ûﵽͼ̵ֽĻһսҪƴȫɱ֮󣬾Ȼܺʦ濹ˣֹˣ
ɫأвɫ
ʦղŵĻ˼ЩֵסǱĹˣ˵ͬھĻʦǺεƳ˼ķֱ꣬䶯棬ǻŵʷ飬ȴһСƵҪͬھ
뵽˵ɫЩ粻
˵Ǳ붦֮ǰȻҲܾˣսͺڲ֮䣬һº󣬸ճǿѹɱ˺ֶʦ𶼲ĶˣĪǬУ
䶯˼ת
ھԶĵطɮ۾ڽ䣬˫ֺʮ촽ȶжžġ
ʱнֵನɢϣɮϾͻһ㱡ĽɫĤЩನס
̿ȻֻȻɵĸо
ನĤ˸
ʱƣɮȻɫ䣬ɴݣɫȴԽԵò԰ס
þˣǱʩ˾죬ԸǱ𡭡
ɮԵһεýȻ෴
αɣλ֮أСʽڹԣɵڹ¶̫죬Ҫɾͣʮûпܡ
ҲȡɵķţڶʱɾͣҪһ֪֮ϣԸϵΪԽߣ¶ʱԽ̡
ûѡˣɴʱͲڹȻ߽ҲǾʽԸͨ࣬£δԵġ
һһϮ޿ײನֻܷժ֣ǿƣ޵ĿռշתŬά֡
ֵֻǣɫȴԽ󣬾ɴڵܴ¶üۼ俴ƤԽۣ͸죬ǳĵر֮һ㡣
ϵϢҲԽʵ׳ʱվߣע⵽δʱ״̬Ļһᾪȵĺϲ£졪
Ϊı֣
ⲻ֪ʱΣԼҲԾѡ
̫ˣճǱһ˿ҵϵһὫû뵽ʣʧȥ˻ᣬÿμǱܸеΪǣ֮£ֻҪԶ¶ͻתԪ
ȭŷ׷ɣƮ䣬绨ţƴȭ裬ȭŴһһָǡôͼ۹ನ໥˼ȴδ
Ǳôеģ
ɻţζԳǱٶԽԾĵ׵ĴҲȻ仯
ͳǱĳɾ˵ҴǰҪǿ̫ˣѾܺҽ⣬սλСүҲ
뵽΢΢ϼ
ʦʦɽʹ˼ұˣк֮ˣҲһ¡

ڶߡˡɮε˼죬ΪҽͻȻһ仰Ʒζغ壬Լ֮ʣͻȻ
¡¡
ͨ룬ɫͻɫڸ˵ĶѨУȻը죡
˵ǾףΪΪֺػѹ֮ʱըһ޶ͬʱоҵХ
꣡꣡꣡
Űɢ˺޵Ļ⣬Ҳ˱鲼ʯش̣
һʱ֮䣬ͶһƬļɨҶ֮ƣ鲼ڶѨĻʯΪ𻨺ʯܡ
ǽǵˡɮ׵壬ǸԶΪĸ֣ڸܵ𻨺ʯ̺֮ʱʧɫĶƽٶȣ߶ڣ
ৣৣৣ
Ӱת۳Ⱥײ˺Щˡ
һĻҲɵӣ֪Ʋ׷׺ˣ붴ڡ
صҲء
һˣǻתͷ۲붴ѨĿȴһƬɳ
ʱ䣬ѨɳʯǧŻĮǡ쫷Űһ㣬һƬң
ɳʯ䵴ľನͬСɣ˵ϣΪģʱɣˣҲอ𵴡Ѫص˲˵ÿ죬ʱѾϼˡ
䣡
Ǿҵĺ𣬶Ѩζɳʯ£
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ʱ
ǿ쿴ܿľˣ
֪˭һɤӣ˵ע˹ȥ
һͷ̾⻰ĺ壬תͨĶѨȥ
ѨﻹƮɢűһ̳ɵģеľѾ¿ɼЩ谭ߵʯش̺ʺⶼѾʧԼܼӰ
˵ͬתͷӣŵɴ۾ͫ׽ЩԼһĻ
ǵΪȳ˸ϲ٣ӾĿҲˣͶ˹ȥ͸̳谭ս˫Ӱ۵ס
һգһء
ۿֻǼ򵥵һīɫ
ĵȻҽصǳǱⱾҲΪ硪һǲ񾳵ĴܣһǽԵսĺ
ЩȻ˵˾ȵԭǳǱŵǼ
ϸݣѪؿڳа׹ͻ
ϱۣ
һضϱۣ
ʱڵ̳ҲĿӰˣͬ˳Ǳǽضϱۣɵóͣһת䵽յҽϡ
ҽɿ󣬲ұߵȴѪƮƮģ
ҽϱۣ
˵ҪͬھеʧղһûһսǣνͬھǿնĿںţ
Ǳҡҡͷһ˦ϱӵһָ̧צ

Ŀİɫâ𣬻Ϊյҽ̶ֱȥ
㻹ҪѵϷ򲻳ɣ
ҽɫѿĲˣӭŰɫâһѹҪ̫ڵˣҪϷ㻹ʸ񣡡


336 ȥ
Ǳ
ߵĽ֣ǰû뵽һμ
Χ߻߽ͷӶĿ⽻ͬһ˼
ǣκɮи𺳣ΪǺҽʵΪ
쾳ĲΣǲ񾳵Ĵܣ
ôܣԲ񾳵սôᡭ
˶һۣӶԷпɻδ֣߳ûֵ֮ĻᣬҲԣ֪񾳵ܣ˽߳һֶ֮⣬һѡ
ǣҽʼգֻչ¶ܣδ־
ɻһʹԴһɳƵĽк֮
ҽ£Ҷ֦౬ƣһƣȥû˿·ȴÿ˸еһֳޱȵѹĲƣһɽ
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Χ۵˾̾
˵ҽʶ㲩βؼΪ꣬ЩؼʽܿͻᱻڻͨΪԼһ书ÿһУ춯أ
̾ţҲΪǱ
ֻ˵ȴĳǱοǲҽ
Ҫ֪֮ǰѾսʱֻԿˣսȴԣǱδ˺ۣҽʧȥһֱۣνһĿȻ
ʣ֮£ѵƾһƣŤתս
Ȼͷû£âһֱָɽһУͱǱּȥİâƣһΪ¡¡죬Ѩζ
ҽ״Ҳͣ٣һ˦м㺮Ǽÿһ㺮Ƕɢ亮⣬һ֣ùս߸оͨ
ʲôԶӰ쵽ڵͣ
˵Ļﻹû£Ǳ߳Ǳָץâʱɢȡ֮źһɢ첨
ǵâһ͡žͣܿžҲֻ֣༫𶯣ɢನ䡣

ҽɫԽѿ޶ϱʧѪ֮Ĳ԰ףȴԵǱͷϷ˿ɢңһ¹ƶûܽλ˲ϣɫһš
ţɫһ䣬Ϣȭ⡢֮ơٴϣƣ緽Բʮɵһ㣬·ĳǱֱӾѹ˹ȥ
䣡
һʱ䣬һ㣬Ѩбȭ⡢ơ֦Ҷ׳£һ츲ĸо
սѹƵģеѣÿһĵ׾
Ǳվһգɢ̧֣һӡ
𣡡
һ£𶯣ѱ鲼ѺۡҪȫѵʯϣȵϢϳ
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Ϣ̣Ʋ㣬һת۵Ĺ򣬼µȭͱһɨգνݿ࣡
ɢ俪ನֱʮ֮⣬ѨҲƬƬըѣΪʯڴҲĺɣڼ֮Ⱥ
˵ˣʱ³ȹ̣ƾನҲֺֻϵľ֮ɫԽӯ
ԭͨղŵУѾһߡ
ҽУƺôǻҵȣ޷ֵǱȥǱȻһ޵еĸо
Ρɮͬע⵽һ㣬а
ʱ
žžž
ǱµĵͻȻѣһۿɼɢܣԲ֮ڵĵ澡Է顣
ţǱ˳ϵȭӿȥΧɢϢһ𣬻ΪӰţյҽֱȥ
ղһ£Ĵͬھͷһʵֻұ롢Զֽ֣ʧһֱۣ
Ǳ˵ţ˺Ӱ϶Ϊһ
Ӱۡ٣ײҽ֮С

ڣʱ鲼磬ݺת
ԶڱǱⷬˣʱǰ
ԭˣҽͳǱйһһ̵Ľ棬ҲǸղ˵ġͬھϧҽƺǾĲ㣬Ǳץס˻ᣬ˺һֱۣ
ֻǣǱȻشҽҲܲ˿Ӱ죬ڣԶԸղżУŻվŲ͵ط
ղŵķʵϬҽʩչεֶΣᱻǱһƾǱռ˾Ϸ磡
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һ룬ҽ˿˿ת۸ȫγĤͣڰա
ܺãܺãǬЧ治һԾӵսҪΪɱϷ㲻ռ˵ܹϢûϢ룬ʮҲϷĶ֣
ҽĻո£ǱӰͳ嵽ԣӰһҽϹӰ䶯˺Ǳгײһ㣬ٺɣ
ǱҲͣ٣Ӱһռ䣬׷ȥһģӡХҽϣԷĶȻһȥ

Ǳϳӡһһҽϣ಻߼ûлֵĿ϶żηǱһ֣;ŽԪͽֱƵ
ڶ˾Ŀע£ѨһĻĶǵ׷Ϸ룡
˵׷𣬵ȴ׷
ǱӰ磬ϵسҽȫһֲǿá
ԹԣǱײУϢ˵Ĺ򶼲˼ңôҲǰˣˣ
ҽǰʩչĻ幦ǺǳǱһǽϣһɳĺۼǽҽϣȻˣ
⻰˵ǱҪҽ򰡣ҽߣݳȻˡ
Ǿֻɱˡ
֪˭˵һ䣬ʱս˻⣬˶Ĭ
ȴ֪ε飬ȴҽȽǱΪҩҪأ⣬Ҫ˶ԷȻݡ
ž
촫಻ϵĺҽϵѿһ϶
ɶҵģҪסˣ˶ģǱ
ۿˣҽ֪Լ֧ȥϣٳɣͷһת
ڶѨҩƾ𣬸һת
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ܵұУһ죬йӰƮɢ
ţô£
ٶ
ܵұںҲƶ
˳ɻ𣬽ţ˾
ã
Ŷݼױˣڷã
ҿӣȻҲԳȥ


337 Ҿͷ
ЩǱĶУȴûͷҡֺӰһӰȥ
Ӱҽһˣ˾Ȼûұ֮ڣ
ţд
СӣĻǱϷѹϷһſƿأŶݼȻָԭòλ⾰ͨˣҪУҲ㣡
ϵҽġ
ҲҪ⣬ҪΪս죬ܹƴˣν֣ϷޣܵѹƣƫƫϢս´׵ضս㡭
Ļδ˵꣬ǱͻȻֳצǰһץֱ۲嵽ұ֮Уšžꡱһǽڳѣ¶ҽΡ
ҽǱҾͷˣΪֻ㱾죬ʧԭ飬ֻ´κͲ񾳵ĶսǺ޹ˣ
䣬Ǳһ̧֣ץ˳ȥ
һץϹӰ仯Ϣȭ⡢Ԫָ⣬ɲǼ̣ҽ

ĺâײϻ֣һ·ҽĦ𻨡
ΪսϷ򣿡ҽɫһ䣬ϵȭֿѨֹϡɣϢƱɢҩٶƾ𣬼ɹ
ҽӰˮеӰһ㣬ƮɢǱַĹâٿأ͸
ţ
Ǳһüë
һߣҽϢķΧĿռѸŤ
ϢڶߣȴѾûʱȥпˣԽţӦ߷ıʡ
任þʵ
Եˣһգ۾ͲӰԭԶұڣһת͵ǰƽʵʯȻſӣе˲ҽŵȥ
غԼֵҲ˷ɢһƬСռ䣬ܶǽڣ˵ֻܾԭأ̧ͷϷȥ
Χҵı䶯ţǱҽӰȻɼصȴû¶˿֮⡣
һƽǰֵģֻ農ȴ
ص˫У¶һɼᶨƵ
˵صˣɮҲ鷳ǶԵú侲ӦԣҲӦͻ䡣
ͬһʱ䡣
·ֻ֮ʱϷӰƯš
ӰֳǱҽʹǺ͸Ŀռѿһ㣬ܻ䶯Ӱ죬Ʈڰգ˴ԡ
ʱ˵ĶսѾֹͣǱҲûٴγ֡
Ϸҩѹ࣬һգȻҩ϶ΪһŶ
ҽ˵ţĿһת·ˣ¶һĮȻЩܿܿϷһ֮䣬ܹȵľڴ˵أ˵ӺǰϷͣһϷǣ̾Ҫ
Ǳҡҡͷ۾ܹԼ㲻Ǹģ
˵ţۣʶɢ
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ҲֻܶסΧûа취棬£俴Ǻҽ棬ʵϸĺԶһƴȥжԷ
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㲻ð׷ѹˣͼԻҵ־ǱһЦ¶˰ɭɭݣҸ֪Ϊ˸ҽĳ⣬²οŭ
Ǳ˵ţ۾һУȭһӰ̣ҽȥ
ûãϷĹֻܴڿմҽЦһ֮ͨڣ󾡽Ťһ
˭˵Ҫ㣿
Ǳ³һ仰һΣӰ֮ڣţӰ׳ȻβһڣѶһ·£¡һͣͰգײʲô죡
ǰԭһܿ죬Ӵҩ¶
ˣһĻҽƤһ֮С
ĳʲôŶݼףⲢƲǰǱ˵ţĿתҽղ˵ˣ⾰Ѿҩ϶ΪһôҲͺðˣ
ǱղŸʶҪŲ׽ҽӰû뵽ҽδҵҵҩ
ҩȻ˾ͨ࣬ȴûʲôڡãڸοǱҩнʮ죬ڸ֪ϣҩĳϵѡ
һҵǱʱһ⣬Ҳԥϵȭⱬϣֱȥֱͦͦľײȥ
ҩ̣˳Ǳһײȴֻ΢΢ζȥδ˿ˡ
ǣҩôһΣһɢӹͨ
ܵľҲ֮Сֻضҡмѳܿ죬ضݼָֻǼҲС
ûõģȻսϷ򶼱ˣҩܹ˵ġҽҡҡͷųǱڿһֻϡ
жһѹвһ˦䣬ȭ⡢ݳȥҩ֮ۿžҪαλԶǱ
Ǳ۾ڵиһӿֵ𸽽Ϣ
䣡
Ϣӵ±ӿ
ȭ⡢Ϣ۹Ǳһѳֻص
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ֻصҵǵٿһĿֲϢϢǴЮŵƣóǱûסϣԳǱǣԳܣƺһɫתס
ϣɫɫɫɫɫӳ

Ѩ
ֻص
ǡҽɴ۾ǱһԾˣ
ǹȡֲϢѸǴҽĥ䣬ͷתҩʱɶѸȥûУӰ
ǣǱĸ֪һֱҩ֮ϣ״Ҳңһӣֻص˳ȥ

һ쵹⻪ֻصмȥ
Բϣ֮Ҫâڵʵ̫Ӵס
꣡
ϸСĹһ顣
Ĳֹԣ;Ŀռ䣡
꣡꣡꣡
һѺƾճ֣ӿȥŤĿռ侰󽥽ѷ
ৣ
âֱ壬֮ѷ촦ռ飬š

է
ӣѨ
졣
еˣһ壬عֹͣСƴѭȥ
ĿһռѺۡ
ôᡭ
ҽɫȻ԰ףһ˵ı顣
һߣǱյâ壬̴ֱʮҩ
һз·һֹ̾ˡ
ƣ


338 ն϶
³ôһ֣ǱгǵâȻ죬תѣ
âһ飬еĻϢ;ľȻһ䣡
ռ䣬ͺǱһʯͷ˵ľ㣬ƬƬѣ
䣡
âɢ
âаŵϢԪȭⶼɢ俪
ϢͳǱ֮ǣ
ԪгǱһ˿֪
ȭǳǱ
Ǳһ𣬺ͳǱϵûжϾ
֮ǰʩչ뵶ըѵâŰǱʶֻǿƿأ¿Ʊ
ΣǱ˽ʮյҩս־ʶҲܵĥԭǿ̫࣬Ծܵâѣβңĸ֪ȫ֣գ
Ǳ˫УīԨһɼᶨ˼
Ψң
ľ֮
ȥ
𣡣
âѣΪХ˳ҩϵǵϸ죬һӵ룡ѿĵâУһ
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ٱ䶯ŵľͨȻһסˣ仯ͣͣ
ǡ
ҽȻڶݼڣͳǱ֮ƽʵԶΪƿܹ࣬ͨڵֱ仯ʱĲ׽˳ǱϢ
һǿҵԵֵϢ֮ӦģǱĴڸм

ԭŻشǱӰ㱻סˣʱȴٴθֿС
·ڶߣֻҪһ̧ͷǱӰ
ǱȻƾճ֣ӰԵø룬͸ռѿһ㡭̧ͷϿһݡ
Ϸ˳ǱӰͨѶУӦϷ󣡡˶Ծͨ˽⣬״оɲ
ӷ𣬳ʩȻʵҷţɮ˫ֺʮϸ
ͬһʱ䡣
ءīκ߶׷̧ͷںεأз죬˷ܷĽ䡢һƬڵĶסܿǱյӰ
ĿǱϣǵȥըѿİ쵹â
âըѣʮɣ
ƺƵĻһǰһ壬ûӴҩ֮ڣ
ҩڼٷɳۣâƣͣͿУֱĹâ룬㳹׵ͣС
·ڶߣһĻеֹͣΪǵĵԼףԼܷաܷסؼǰϷǸˡ
ӾŻؿһֱڣǰ󲻹ȥյʱ䣬ô̵ʱвڶʮѾ
ӰͻȻƽ޷ܣ
η壬ǲϿ
Բ񾳴ܵĿⰲţǵĿԵСҽҪסЩ˵ܼ򵥣ֻҪķЩѣҪǣȴףúķѾȥơ

ҩҵ

ӰĻ죬ǡžžડǳܲסѹҪǿһ㣡
ͬʱ
ҽɫԽ԰ס
УһĨɫڳǱϣɱ촽΢ȶ
Ϣģ֮ľǱȻ֮ϢҪǴϣἤȻ󲨣˶ҪֶɱϧϷģȻƴŵҩҪҲҪ˴ˣңҪֺƽٰ
ҽ˵ţͻȻƺһǾȻѪҺ
ǱȻΪʧʧһֱۣǳ˶ϱ⣬δ˿ڣڣַܵټҵĹƣอƫƫڣԵ޹ʵĿѪ
˵ı֡
ˣҩȻ̣ұϾûгɾ־ҩϵ־ͨ˵ʯԺ켫ߣĲҲ޼ƿʩ֮ķӡ
ͷû£һ˿ҩ㡰һѣ
ۣ
ҽſһѪ
ɫ䣬Ӱȥ
ԭŵĵطռ˾һ㣬¶ѺۣȻ䡣
ǣǣǣ
ֹҽ֮ΧѨͨһѺƾճ֣ӣת۱鲼
Щѷʲô
·ڶ߿ǰֵһѺۣĵһ˿ϣ
Ѻ۱˴ռ䱻иһһĶ壬š

䣬ΧľҲɢͺȥһģ£ߵľٴ
Сϸ졢ܷĽ䡢Ԩ֮ȥȡ֮ģƽͨڡѨ
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ֻǣˣ˾гֵϵһЩˣһϢȻЩ˵ȴκ˿ڡ
ЩԼؿڡ¸һɻ󣺡֣Ҹղŵʱ򣬲ǱϸҴ̴ôѪʹô˿ڶˣ
ǵԲ²⣬ž̧ͷС
УǱϵӰ֣ǰҩǵâ̳ĺۼȻȻһ塣
Ǳڣüͷ΢΢𣬸浶âҩǲʶ
ǲʶͣУҩ룬ҩ֮ϵԽڣĸʶܸŶ׽Ưҩռеļҩƿ
ô£
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ҽɢƣϢע⵽ǱƮʱЦһƥвǸС䣬ûݵλҩӴ˱밲ˣ
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һ䣬ӰһǱҽǰ߸ˣΧϢӵס·
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Σû赲ǱƽʵʵĴڶԷͷϡ
ԪХͷ­֮ڡ
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оܷ֮ƶҽڵ㣬˲¼䣡
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ৣৣ
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м˻絴ķƮƮأǱ˾ַȥġ
µͻȻ·תһ飬еЩ޴Ǵӡ
һŹ꣬Ŷڣһҧȥ
ˡΡɮҲ׷ȥ󣬽ģǳؼˣرֲ֮˼ţѸƶ
ĶѨХ
Ǳǰ֮ˣ˼ľ벻СͻȻǰһ죬â̳ȥֱָ˺󾱡
ˣҪ֣֮УϲսɻȱȻȻħѳɾͲֺƽˣºƽ٣
һİĲǰ
ŶҲ֪ħ֮£
ڶԷ˵֮£ǱԸо棬ûִҽ֮ˣȻҲ֪ħ顣
Ҫ֪Ǳǽ֮أŴһ߿е֪֣־νӴ˽⵽ħ֮µĻ֡
֪ǰǴӺε֪ġ
ɻ󣬵Ǳû˿İâת۾ͱƵԷ
СӣǷֲذҪΪذ
ԹһţǱеһ𣬼ȥİɫӰȻ飬һ︡С
ǡǱͫһĿǼ֮ϡ
ǺȻһҧ˼ڵļȣ
ȻһȣͻҶ;Уұδ˿ˣǱ۾ʶչȥǰǰϲһ˿첨
񣿲ԣûǰʵҺǰĪǣ־
һˣǱɫһ䣬ǰ˵˲²⡣
ʱ˺ٺһЦСӣѾע˰ɣͷҺϲͬѾᾧ־ƴĻɣƽģʱ˭ȥԸħָǼСô
־Ĳ񾳴ܣ
ǱںûٴóȻ֣ǳѯʣһ˿ϲ֮⡣
ǰ֮ƺû˿ϲ⣬ݵ˵òϷȻ־
ȶԷ䣬Ǳʱһ˳ȥ
ٺòˣҿߵʵ
â֮ǰ֮ҲһȻԴ
ͷǻͷˣСӿ֮þߵͱƷˣǲǳô


339 ħսߣֻ
˻һ䣬ҡӰģ
󣬷оֱӴģӰϴ
ŶʲôǱ˷֮ԽԣӶһâȥת۷סǰҵĿռ䡣
ֱһУҲǰ壬ҡΣ˵ģ
ৣৣৣ
âٴδûǰ߷ֺͷ˳Ǳһۣ־棬üһСеĺεȹĽȻʵֱ׷Уղûϸδע⣬ֻصǵĪǺĦŹԨԴ
˿˳ǱǱͬ˶Էӡ
˵˶ڼƶٶԾֹڼϱ˴Ŀˣԣ˫ϵϸڶԼ׽
Ǳŷ֣ҲһˣԵЩݣ߻գģէһ·ߵؤһ㡣
ǱȻ˺ؤϵȺš
һܷ־ˣʹؤҲ޷ӵģҪĤݵģ
ǱͷתȭӵֵܵϢǰȥ˲ʩչǿƣһɱ⣬ֻǳԾԾԵ
ȻҲ˳ǱĿģҡҡͷСӣûʱ㵢ˣͷӺϲһ㴦ϵҲץʱǼ֪ߵغСӣҪ֮صĴţ
˵ţӰٱ䣬Ϣȭͬ
ⶴսﵽ񾳽ģӦֻˣ˺Ҳδܺ컯񿹺⣬໥ƴͽġ
Ļδ˵꣬Ǳһ˻ȥϢȭ΢΢𶯣ĲƴﵽƵʣײϣɫһ䡣
ôͿͷҵĹʵˣˣ
ɫһǰٶٶһһ̤ڵϣһ˿־ײڵϣ¡죬һӡ
ţǱںע⵽ǰߵı仯һ̤Уܵһ²
ĽŲƺڵĳ£
Ǳͷû£ǰĵһ󲨶ţ˾Ȼٳ֮С
һ߼һ³ͺ¥һ㡣
£Ǳһ˹ȥһ֮Уһ˿Ԫ͵淢
Ʒϣƺһ³ĸ죬תͷЦСӣˣ㴦ͷ飬Ҳǰͷ㣡
״ǱҲٳֻ֣ǵͷȻǰĿȷǾбҽСӳԹǳԸŹҲŹңʱⲻһ
˵ǱЦЦңǰ㣬ǻħĳҪսһ
䣬һת뿪ˡ
ųǱȥıӰҲЦСӵͦƵģͷҲҪԻˣΪҪһ·׷
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һߣǱ뿪ɢȥΧϢ£ȭ⣬ϥأѸʶ˳ȥڵ򣬷ֲˣ۾ʼ̽
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Уиռһ͸ճҩ֮ʱȣÿһŶСȦ
ղţǱȺͺҽԼ߽֣ʵĲС
Ǻ˵δķѶˡ
ҽһսǱԽսϢռϷ磬ΧȴҩΪ䣬Ƿȥʽĵ
ҽǰ˵Ǳ죬޷ֱԪ޷־ãЩġ
ߣѨֱͨӺԪϵսУһԴԴϵԪ׳Ѫ
Ǳ㣬Ȼиתǽʮҽս׷𣬵ʩչ뵶ƿҩò䣬ҲҪס
뵶ƶ˳Ǳٵ񡢾ǵеʶȭ⣬ûعȴҩڣóǱҩϵܹƿأǸļ
ƾճ֣Ǳ֮׷𣬲ͷʽĿƣͲˣʵѾ޷ٽһƴˡ
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ǱţͻȻһ˦䣬һӳһϸС衣
ͳǴתۻΪһСǱץϡ
ⶦģҩһ޶ֻǴСͬ
ҩ棬ҵʶ䵶â룬ԭҽʶȡ֮䶯ȥգСģҲ֪ҽǴʲôطõģ˵Լȴǲš
Ǳ˵⣬ҩĸӣ˽ȥóҩƿοӣöҩС
ԪԪ
ҩһڣҩɢֱ׳޲ǱѪǺ
ղһսޱȣǱҲвϸ΢ˣڵҩҩĲ£Ļָ
ʱƣζе𽥳ӯǵűĻָȴʮֻ
һΣǱȻһ̷ŵҩԪԪУָȴԶԶȲ֮ǰЧʡ
Ҳѹ֣ĳǱ˽ʮҩν̥ı仯Ҳ˵ϢǾڣȴŽһӦģˣԪҲԵ࣬ҩв㡣
Ǳǣ෢Ա仯ԪЧҲ˺ܶࡣ
Ӷ֮ʱΪƸ۵ĳ࣬Ǭδ͡Ѿڻ˺ܶҩ£ǿ࣬һκġ
ӮˣȻôˣô飬ȻĲ
ڣǬϡƷʹδΣҩĶۣܴһܵķӳЧãҩ̶̬Ѹ޸
ڼϣǱʱȻһѪϴ軻ѪĲܽһ׳е
˲䣬ԭѪҲ˳»ָɡ
ȳǱƶʱ廹ԵøɱԭѪ֮
סҽιֶչ֮ʣѪȫǲָٴֱһٶʮ˱
ӦģǿͣʹԪָʱÿһ˶ҪķѸҩҲԵҩ׽⡣
ָ
ڳǱϢ֮ʣͨͻȻŲӰĸ֪Χ
ţһʵ
𣬳İʦ´¼ǽ


340 ʦ
⻰һǱȻ۾
صϢ֪ʼΧ
ֻ֪Ǿ̽飬Ƥܹͨ䶯׽ܱ仯
֮ɢܣԴȭ⣬ܸոͷ
ˡΡɮͱһ벻ԶĵطͱǱĸ֪ˣδӦǼϢˣҲ±ͻϮһ㡣
⵹ǳǱд֣ҽȲܶӣҪԸһ㡢ߣȻֵ
ңƱĿʵ֪֮£ΧİձȥҪ⵽ļˣֻҪ춯гֵĻᣬͻᱻǱ֮¡
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Ҫ֪ǱսǣܺͲ񾳶Կԭ򣬲ǵΪǺȭı仯
ǱȭԴҩ֮ڱҩһֿ֮кϢɱ䣬Ѵﵽһľأ֮ƣܹգҲܸո
⣬ȭ⻹ãʵһ㣬ųǱȭŻӶӳϣܹܵΧϢֿѹ
ҲǳǱܺҽ⣬·ԭڡ
ҽߣǱҪȭšȭϢֻ˵ˣһȭ˻ȥսʤ
㣬˵ҲȻδʶǱȭ⣬˳ǱҽĽս棬Ҳ֪ǱѾܹǵˡ
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Ҳһ·ıЩȤ
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û뵽ǣһǱǰǱ˵ǰͨ͡һڵأֱӾͶųǱͷ˵Ǳ¼ĻҪݳǱΪʦ
һĻ˶ʶĺһٳ
ʦУʦͽܣͽܰʦ˵ͶʦͶ̥ǹغһĴ¡
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εȻûչͽܣȴǱͽܣȻе
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ΪȻò仯󣬵ʮꡢʮϢʧȡ֮ģѾһ˿ʦȡ
һ·սսսޣϢȭ˵ĸоǿҡ
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˼УǱ˵ε˲㲻ڣֻǹݿͷǰԴΧƺѰʲô
ͨһʱ֮䣬İУֻСˡͷԹ졣
˺һᣬǱڵҩĲˣų˵𣿡
óǱѯʣ̧ͷӦ𣬱ʿΪؽ֮ң䣬ѧüҴѧƹ֮ʱ
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ڳ㲻ܿóǱ˽ұ
ԭԭǴؽ֮Ϊдӣ޾죬ϲ
ƹص꣬ѣδ飬ӹһ٣ӴΪڱغͲԭҲɱ֮ķ࣬еʶ
ҳǱʱҲϳԼ
ȴǵʱͬҽʱīӥϮīӥϰԷУȻʧܣҲٵ򶨡
ͬʱǱһתҲע⵽Ķͷϣ⻬ˡ
͹ؿͷΪ˱ʾ⣬ǳϵʯײ飬Ѫ֮ĶͷȴʱóǱЩȤ
˺Ǳٴʵ
ǣǼҴһ׺ţܹǿƤ⡣Ҳϸش
ǱͷֵΪҪΪʦ
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˵ҡҡͷ
κ书ӣֻЩ£ɱЩ˵Ұ޺Смλȡûи߾ĹԼס͸Ҫ˵ǾˣߵҲˣԽΪԽߣȵԽ࣡
˵ȭһ֮ɫ´ǰҽ֮ˣҡ
ĻǱϲɫҡҡͷ˶ԷҲûо˭Ҳʦ
Ǳ⻰һ˵ɫһ䣬ָֽܿԭ״¶ᶨ֮ɫͷ´ģ֪ԼҪ̫ͻңҲ˽⣬ҪУһȷԣЩҶף
ǱҡͷÿɷȻʦΪ䡣
дΪȵĴͳйСʦͽܵĵҲв١
ҲҪԷԣЩǳǱҪĵ顣
ԭڳǱΪԼǳûʸȥʦ򣬻സ
ңһ򣬶㴫ˣֻؾͲӦ飬⴫ˡ
ǳǱɣܹԼڹԴѧǸʱûЩ¡
Щ飬ûбҪȥ͸ҿԷӣҲ˶ȴ
Щ飬ɳصʱպøǱʱ˴񣬽йл
֮ԽԽ࣬ûпҽӰΪǱ˴ʤﻹץסᣬάһ
ң˵ǹάʵҲʵǱսսİţ˵УٲȻΪ쾳Ķ֡
ۿųغͳǱ̸ţȴóȻǰֻһĽ֮ɫĵš
´ͣΪǰ;
ʲô죬ҿǺͿˣЩСģ´ССô
ǰͿˣýڣ´Ѿһˣ
ǵţ߲ͣǡóǱֲԵӡ
ʱͨУͻȻֻﴫ
嶾ЫȻԺʸܣҪҽ


341 ӵΪ
ԵɳơͳЩ翵ĸо¥һ㴫
ȺֻҪ΢Щʶˣܴ𵴷ΧܹĸԶ
һֽڴַܵ
Ǳһ˿ɫӹصۣͷһȻѭԴȥ졣
˷׷ױãһͨ
ųǱƶһη֮߻۹δ
嶾ЫкȻԺĹʸܣ
ӴĻУǱƷζһ˿ͬѰζ
ˣ̸ϤҲİһϵ
嶾̵Ы֮δֵˣȴϡ
ЫҵУʱвڳֻҪ͸¶ȥ嶾Ѱ𡣡Ǳͷңǰ˵ЩõɣֶΣܵϤ֮ͬ˵
뵽ЫȺ棬ЫٿصĴЫӡ
Ҳգ˳йأҲڿûʱȥЩ£Ǹɴ˽ĺãǹʸܡ
ǱҡҡͷԼ±빬ʸܵǴμ棬Էֳ֡˽ҶѡϢҲϡ
ǱȶУһ߽󣬲úСһСģһ˺ܿ쵽ͨ롣
ھֶ֮صʱ򣬳Ǳ΢䣬һӣһϸСӰת۱أţ϶һҩƿ
ƿӣε˲еİǵҽίʱͳı֮һ
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ƿҲ˵ҩЧãܴ壬ᴿԵ֮˺ڹӲ֮ˣŲСǧ
δͷ£Ǳһ˦ҩƿڿлһߣ䵽ϡ
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Χߣ䲻óǱ֮䷢ʲôһĽ֮ɫĶźߡ
Ƕƿеҩļֵ˽⣬ǵһ䡰Ǳ֮Щ˵УȻֵǣҩЧΡ
ֻǣǵĿ䵽ϣͼһӣҩ˻ȥ
õ
һʱ䣬ﾡԷ֣һѺ
Ǳסҩƿм˸ԼǰľٶȻʧЦ
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û뵽Ǵ֮˾Ȼ붴ֱͨݿϷͬѰΪٳһ㣡
ǶǴ֮˵Ϊ˸µʶ
ʱþδػִ
ҽǰҵȴ˴ǰΪһ֮ҲΪҽ¹°ΣĴ桭
ηģԻһˣɳơͳʡֻԲ㣬ͨղʵԵø
Ǳ߹̣ͨǸ
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Ǳüëһָ֪֮˭ˣҲ֤ʵв²⡣
ͨڵ˵ûзӦǲ֪֮µľֻᵽ䣬һ˿룬
¹ش󣬵õֻ֮ҪǱУܿͻͽ˾ӵϣǻ˵ù˾࣬Ϊ˱ܣɱڣЫǰ׵ܺ;ȭ޳Ͼǰ֮ˣֻɱһӰ٣
һǰ˳ĺǰ֣죬ǰֹˣʵǣٰҲڴ˴ϣλܹͦ塢ϣͽǣ
ҽǰи壬óҩǰϣ츣£ðǰݷá
⻰һ˵ͨԭС۵˶ʱſڽ࣬Ȼֹ
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Ǳ
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һ¹ȥˣͱ֣Ⱥ࣬ͨѨ
Ҳˣҽſ֮ʱͨڵĻر仯ûдﵽ£Ȼ໥ϣֹȥĿ¾Ͳֹʮˣȫûпܡ
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δϳݣӾͿԱˣҴ뾰š
Ȼ嶾̵Ы
˵ֶβ̣ԻЫǸħ
û뵽ҲҵȻСһΪã

Щڴ˴ߣʹƫԸǸ֡ħͷ֪Ыݣľ
Ы䣬ܿ죬һļУ߳һˣüĿǱã˵ĻȴΧ˾ޱȡ
ǺȻԺˣȻԺôô嶾̵˹һˣ
ǰȻԺڣĺ֮˽ύˣ
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Щ̻ܽС񣬲֪˼ҵΪǵߣȴɣ
ҵȺȻӣҲԼʲôݣΪЩС񣿲֪жҲͰˣҷ飿Ц
ʱʸ˵껰ʦǵۣȻһЦλʦܣضŭΪ֪ԲҪҵȥָ·ָǰ·
䣬һתܱȭλͬСȻԺʸܣˡ
˵ţϹƮȲ
λЩᣬλ嶾̵ЫǰʵҲһƣ˵һħͷʱԸ£ҪԿֵþġ
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嶾ˣеһƴѵͬҡһ䣬֮ʿ

֪
ʸԣоʧأµȻҽСԼȻɫ
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쾳Ķ֣صռֹԷĩѵЩʲôãֻǲ֪
УޣҲţٶռһЩ
ԽԽ࣬ЩɢڵصĹԷĩٴγֻ

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ӲгʱҲԶֻ谵Ļ쬵΢ӭ洵û֮С
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ǱţĿһͻȻ֣ս󷽣ұڱԵۼ˲ߣСıֽܿսɢನž磬ҪұУ¶̰֮ɫȻǱеĻֺ뾰ˡ
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Ļһ䣬ںͷ߲ľˣͻȻһϵɫ汩ǣǻչʮɣ
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һһУԱϻ۳Σֱͷȥ


357 һ
Ҷ˫ӰƻãƼұġǧԽ롱Юϸܵɫ㣬ֱϮȥ
л̷һ̳˸Ʈǣһס̰ʮ˽ʩչԼ׺Ӱ֣Ӱܲ
˫ͷҡҷֱʮѨӿߣƷڣʮԪ
ζڿնһŷߣƿȡŶ棬ݺȥɫϣ۳ɷͷΣƿպХ
һǰһĻƣϵĻһɢ첨ˮţ಻һ׺֮뺣˵籱ӺϽһ㣬֮Уӿ
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ЩͻȻӿɫ棬һѸǴһ㣬ֱȥĿֱָͷߡ
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358 Ϊʦ
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⻰ûڣȥòԶƤһüһǰʦǸͨأ˵ҪԼʦţ⡭
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Ҫ˵ģɱʦ֮𲻹죬ǾŸ˸òΪһŹǰɣ
Ǳ˵ţϵϢޱı
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ҽɫ죬ʲôЦһ㡣
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УǱҲ磬Ӱ䶯ǰ壬;ɢΪ𻨡
ƮУâָ⼤ֱָԼĻޣ
ۼâʱһƱǣһɺƵȵȭɢ׺ػ־
ֻлػޣսʤһУΪˣҲϧħ
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ǹɲϧһҲҪػ޵ɢͬһشһ㣬ûڶϣǲȻ𾴣Ի޵ӡΪ֮䣡
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˵ĺ̫շ־ħڶѣ


359 ³ɺޣһ˽ᣡ
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ڵζӿе֮ϣϵİâ𵴡ƣΧĻ涼ɢ
ɢߵĻ޳ױ¶һǿҵѹȸС
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߼ˣϮǱԣ治ɫֽ۽ǽзƤָѪʡ

ѪҺУǱڴֱ۶žҲУǿҵ۽еľţӽаƳˮ㣡
𣡣
ֽţϵĹ齣ڻϣ齣ҲҪͳǱսֱ֮ƴԽ
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ǳڣȻҲһɿӽг˳ųǱڣֱﾫ棬ƣһ塢ԦϢ档
Ǳʯ־ֱѹ˹ȥǿδӦͱ÷飡
⽣Щ־ᶨûƾߣȻ񣬺׼ԦƿأǱǺħԿв΢Ȼϡ
һȥ۽ͳʧĹǣڲĽҲ޷ֿǱһԵ˹
ͬʱֽǲѪ˿˫ۣҲظһãȻ֮ɫȵΧĻ⣬һƵģ
źȻǱԦ˾ˣһҪ
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ţžһ۽Ǳһ飬ұһڣ޴һΪѪУǱֱһӣӰֳһһѳ
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ã³ɺޣһ˽ᣡ
ǱЦһһΧеɢԪӵȥ


360 
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Σδʩչʲôʽֻǻ𶯣ӵдܳת˳żѨɢȥͻ߶ԿȥƾС
ܴ赲һʱԽֻշ裬˫ͷȴѵһĳԪƣ
ͬʱΧ۹ԪҲȻǱϵѨѨȻѨѨάѧȼѨһ㣬Ԫ壡
Ԫ壬ȴɢѪ⣬ǱţΪӿȥ

ԪȣΧϳһƬ໥ӣ
˫ͷĻĻԪܵӰ죬ҡҷȣڳǱϡ
ŶеŵȻ뵽Իƻǣķšϧ̫СƱˣգҪ֮𣡡˫ͷЦһڵĹĵŤı˻һ㡣
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㽫ͱĻһƬȻܱһʱΣҲ޴ӣֻܱޱһմ
˫ͷıУϵ̼֮䱩ǣˮתͳǱ˰Уá˲ã
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Ũңһͺǽ˫ͷ˿ܷռ֮ڣʱĳȥһǣѪͣϻĽۣϻ֮ƶǣһ֣ۼһ
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ǻħʶ˳ǱڣǱʵԷôַֻܳһЩ΢ƣ֮Ŵ󣬲з̵Ŀܡ
ˣһˣʧȥ֣ʶ֮ϵǶҪ˶˳֮£Իʤˣ
ûǵһ̣ǱۿɽˮħʶԷװ׵ĺҪռ˳Ǳĥ־Ǳûзȥ׷ʤ
ΪԶԿħǱȴδ˽ԼڵһߵλãǼţԼںͻħƽȽ֣
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ͺһͯشһ˦ȻܹˣҪСΧ趯һСģԼ
ԳǱ˵ΰǱش
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мᶨǽߵָͷǱ˲ͷһתȭӿмһ˿˿Ϣ
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꣡꣡꣡
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ָžֺ֣ͻħһָ״һžЦȻָ˹ȥҪУǱûʶȼմ
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ЩΰǱǱƿصģֻҪĥ˵Ȼͷƽ˾ˣҾƬأƿʶ
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âһƿҲͣ٣Ż˵ؿڴȥ
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ħоȣһֱֻѸٰڶʢ֮䣬ͽЩϮİâڸסˡ
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ӿǽâʵմ
ʱϣһļ죡
ħɫһ䣬̧ͷϿŷ֣޾ΰȻ˲仯˷ޱȵİâ
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âĻΪ꣬಻ĴڻħӴϣʵŤ䶯һ׶¶˺ǱеһҶۣҡҡ׹
ɶ񣡲ҪΪʱ䣡ȴģΨһ
ıӻħбγˣ磡
Ȼ޾гţЩģȴ˸
ĪǣΪʶ壬ܹͱԿȱȶƾ־ٲ
仰ǱУҡҡͷ
ȷʵʱ䣬ֻǣĿȴǡ
Ǳ˵ţ¶һĨ岻ЦݣߣĳʶҪֱĿȨӦģҲͲܸ֪ı仯ˣʣҵѲڣк壿
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ڳǱڣ֮໥ͻһͷƻһڽ޸
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Զòװ֮Եл̷ҶζĿתӿ˹ȥбĻ϶ֳ顣
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ڰգǼ˵ſеǵӰеľԱڵֹ龰ۻӹ
л̷ˣ߻뿪֮ʱȫ̹ۿ˳ǱͻħĶս
ųǱħشǼ˶Իħʵһŵ˽⣬֪ԶԼܹȣ۶ɵľ޴󳤽죬ʱǹɾͷߣҲе
Ǿ޽쳤䣬ֱӹᴩǱ𺳣󣬱ħͷͻȻâϢڣǱ
Щ仯Ѹޱȣۻҡ
ţͷ͵ڵأϢ
ӶڣǱǱţǲؿڵľ޽Խģܿͳʧˡ
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л̷˼״ȻǾɲڳǱҲ壬Ҳ֪ѵãʱ;ȥ֮
֮ԴʶڵΧ֮ʱܹ֮ʱ̵õ䣬ѡԶҲû˼ϵ֮Խϡ١
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Żħʶ뿪ͷҲͻظԭ״̬ǱħѸɢ
һ㣬л̷˵ĸ֪Եø쳣Ϊǲ֪ǰ
ǸеǣĳǱ
⼤սͻȻͣģǱϵľ޽ΪƽʧˣΪԭأԲϻȾ缤
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ħҪĥǱʶΪľʵ˵ˣҲãʶռҲգڳǱģˣһҲͳ޸֮ľԴ֮ˮҪʧ
ʶռʧȥ֮󣬻»ָʶ̬ʱ򣬻ħ㣬Ҳԣȥʶ顣
ħڲܼʱѣҲųǱһͬõĽҲҪܵشԪˣ
һ뵽ԼһıȴΪǱķٶһ񣬻ħһ
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ΪǣʱҲĨӡֻҪɢ翪ۣͿԻָԭͣ
ţħЦһӴѸСٴαǸһɫӡ
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ֻǣڳǱڣըѣอѲ˵Ѫ࣬нħȻ㳹ĿģֻΪ˻Ǳڵ֮Ȼ֮۳Ρ
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Ǳȵļ۶һڣһһâֳƮΪֱۣ͸Ӱһ㡣
ֱһץζͷϡ
ãҿһԸ
ǱеһȻ棬ζҲеĵѹͣͣã
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ǣΪļˣȻǱһӾѹµ棬˾ȵǣǱУ˫ŲֻǵƾӰһѹˣ
ڣǹɢƾӰл̷ڵѪҺֶľһʱ䣬Ĭԣδ
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˵ţҡҡͷ֮ãǷڣֻĳһֵܣΪζְǳԵ뽫ĳѶ֪
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ͬʱһɾѪܳ˳ųǱƣУ;ɢŤ仯أΪһѪܣеֱҪΪʵһ㡣
ȹ쾰Ա߻л̷ҶͷһĪֺ⡣
ǱǸһĨ˼Ѫ˼
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ħһսʱ̳Ǳѡʯ٣ϧԼħʶ𣬿󣬳ǱԺ̶ǿ븹ڣҪе
δȴͷ絤Ѫ⣬Ϣ棬ִߴųǱȭںһٽЩգţӾѪ⣬Ǳٱ漣Ļָֹͣ˱
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ֻǣǶϵ˵ֱȴ޷ԭˣͬģζиֳǣҲɢ䣬ȴгĲһ̼ƶ˳Ǳϱ۴С
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Ǳԣֱл̷˳ֱ֣Ƽζ鴦ѪںϵֱۣҪѪṹ
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ϡûɫǱȭǣ˰˸֪ëףѹڣԽ
ڣۿǱ֪޽Է˵ֿ
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ĪҪңǷŹ㣬ĻҪǱͷһ̧žһƸȥУл̷һƬ죬תΪ԰ףʹ
ͷ­֮ڣͬӿŨѪǱա
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һԵҶ״ЦҲǸ֮º鷳Цл϶͸㣬ʱ䡣˵ţҡҡͷ϶ǴŴѹ˵ףʵȤ
Ҷ˳ǱһۣûЩ뷨ʵ֪㣬ͬһ㶴Ѩǰ򵥣ܵϢЩһ壬սˣɱŴ֣ѹħҲҪУҵᡭ
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ԼǰԾߣǱĬȻ
˺һᣬ˶ֱһӣΧĵ桰顱Ľըѣ¶һӶ
ӶСһˡ
Ǳ߼˵ʬ̧𣬸ԷŵӶ֮УŸ֪ţַԲʯס˵һһҳ
ټ֮أžһƬֻгǱһ˵Ӱƶˡᣬ·Զ
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ȴһСɵĽᾧ
ᾧ͸ȴйʱ仯еѺۣһ΢Ť
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ᾧǱ۾ĵϤС
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Į֮Уһгڻнš
ͨȴʵ쳣ʶڴˣܿóһ޺ıߵ̶ӡ
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ǰһһŮء
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кԵŮӣȴǲɫƤףһӢ˲ģ
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üͷһ壬δкһ
ʱԱŮӳˣ˵СͣҪôסѻ˵꣬˵ǳǱʱݺܾŴ֮ʱ޶࣬ȴ̫࣬Ǹĥһˡ
ҵһС㣬㲻ǼǴ˰ɣС͡кһͷʾ˼ȥ
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Сͻû˵꣬ͱԴһԹؿԼĽ㡣
ӢŮѵӢôõôǳǱҲδٴкãԼҪ
ͷʶ̡ںСֹţӢŮһɣʱˡ
һԵ߼״䣬ٽǰͻȻ˺Ϳ쵽ľˣЩˣϽһȻѲǵĽʿڳϣҪۣܵ
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˼£ںҲ侲Щˣ̫ԼĻﳵϣҲô˵ʱޣ۵Ứ
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ӢŮ΢죬üëѵ䣬˾ʹӳ泵С
ǰȴһߴĳǳأһƬС
һӣǰʿ߹飬ߵںǼԱʱҲֱӾ͵ڲģϹأһ뽻
䣬һʿһӢŮӣ¶һĨа⣬ǰһŮץȥںͻȻǰһм䡣
ʿЦһҲ˵һ˳ȥںϡ
һּֿںֱͦͦվţ벽Ҳûʿɫһ䣬ȻЦںͽһۣ˿ȥ
ںͼ״ͻȻߵ壬鷳ǼˣҺͽȥʦǿһ
䣬Ҳ˻شںһץסӢŮӣܡ
Ҳǣôһ·ǰС
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ں͵ĻӢŮĬ
ںҲֻǵûʲô⣬¶ʦɣȻ׿ʦʦǸˣҵۼʦıµģֻҪϳ֣һܰﵽǲ壡
˱ܱ˵ԼĪһյʱ䣬һƬռز̵أ̵ش벿ѱɳڱΣɳУһƬҪ޴䡣
ںͽһ䣬Ҳͣ;ֱһԺ䱼ȥ
ǰںһƿԺţ˻δȥʹʦʦˣ
ֻǣȴûκλӦԺֻһƵӣɢľģһƬǣȴûһӰ
ںͼ״ɫ䣺ˣʦòȥɽ˰ɣͻɽ·̣ô죿
һ·ӢŮӣҲ¶һ˿ʧ䡣
ʱнŲ𣬸ţһ
СͣڹĽʱҼǵǲȥ޷ô
ںϲתͷȥʱԶһ˻
ӢŮҲתȥʧ֮ɫһɨա
һ۵ӻӿȥжʮ꣬ͦΣһͷڷ𣬵ȴյ


378 СԺ
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ںͼӣǰȥӻͳӣ˻Ρ
ĿһɨͿдǡɽ͡ȡ֣д͡
ĺ壬İƷûоɹѧ
ᵽֹ˵ҪнһȴһֱδԸ
ֹޱ֮غֹǧټϣЩǳҪŪ֣Ҳףкܶ෱ڡ
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ŮЦЦ´磬뿪˼£ëַˣôֱҵְɡ
ӵ˵ͷ֪˵һϰߣδ롣
СͣȻԺӡӼ˵䣬͵ԺУŵȻۿ˿ǰĽˣе˵ɣʲô飿
ŮΪǧں͵ĵ׽㣬ǽܶ޺ᣬȴС򳤴ġ
۰޵ĴһȽͼչһʱΪ콨Ĵ򣬸һǣΪľ
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ƽϲŭ޳ͽ˴˴˺˵սսһСĴŭ˶Է˶֡
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Ǹе־ģȴǽڰ³Ժеʿ
ʿȥĶţ̬ͣէһǱʫָоȴ䲱Ϲŵһ嵭ˡ
ŷ飬ţ˾ùޱȣȴԵˡ
ľǵһ֣Ħѣ
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ǧգɫȻ԰ףһѪɫûУƤѪֳܶ
ںҲһ𾪡
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вԸȴӵŮӣΪˣֻԱǸзʵۣȻȴҪɱŮ˺ȵ
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ٺ٣ԺĶ٣֪ʲôʱܵŵġ
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ֻľǰ

һĻֻǰ³ףĦѾ򶼳ͣ
ֱ˵򵥣ǵƾȭȴ޷ҲҪ֮ƣ
̺壬ľս
쾳֪ڼҽܣЩľƾո𣬶һȣҲδ龰
ʱᴵһһ촽ͻΪһâ˸£ʧ٣ŵļľȴ׷״ж֣Ϊ룬пڹ⻬絶
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һ꣬ۿɫİ³ƽ˵
㣡㵽Ǻηʥ³ȻΪ˺ϲɵӣһ֣Ѿ⣬ɻ
ճ£ǿԽҳʦ˵ҡҡͷԣԺûˡ


380 ĪĪ
ԳƳʦ֮ˣһ䣬˫ۣڲףԨ
λٿӦѾ³ԳƳʦۣ֮ˣǳǱ
һ꣬г֪ȴûзԵҲ˵ʱǱһҲƣһɱ֮ϵƺƵģ˳˹ȥ
򡢰³ͶĦ׵壬ʱеһּ˰ĸоĵ׵ĺⲻסӿ׹ѣ
ΣգߵıܷӦ
ãΣգ
ĵױŷͬͷǵͷ죬ȴûгǱٶȿ졣
Ǳһţ
ৣৣৣ
âмÿһɢϢС
ԶԶǱվƮɽĽһ㣡
âԣת⣬ˢˢǰһ壬ܼ꣡
ۣ
ߵİ³Ӵ޿ɱܣ¶һâǰ
ʱȫǻѪޣȴѪɣէһţ㣬ɲǷ
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𣡣
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һĻǧںͽܶͷһǵĽǶȿȥ³ǧٿףȾѪĵԾĸо˿Ӱ죡
ʵǻˣܵش˵أ³С츳ǳˣۿǰֶ֮ξˣˣĵҲţֻҪ֣ԷͲԼһȭ֮У
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һĶ֣Ҿ벻֮ڣ޵Уһȭ㣡
ڰ³УѪһƥȭ⣬һ𣬾ųǱͷ£

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һ̣һȭʵʵĴ˳Ǳͷ
ײ俪Զȥ
˾Ա߼˸鼤ǧ˹ȻǾϲ˾ֺ͵ǣͶĦҲһ죬еЩ˼飡
ǰ飬νһۣΪһֵ飬;ɱһܹĸ֣˶ɡ
ߣ֮ƻô˽ǰ³һȭ
˻ﾪɣͻȻеЩԡ
⡭˱³һȭԴϣôûԴµĵ棬û˿仯
԰³Ϥ֪ԷһȭȥΣҪ˵ԴǾҲΣﱻеЩˣ޲ǲҽŷٲãȭϾݹȥӲŲɽµҲ
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ģǺһҲˡ
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𾪣δ˼·һ죬ŴѪɢ俪һӴӰԽˣԶԶ˳ȥȴ䵽ɳ֮С
һԾ˽ʮɵľ룬غֻʮɣͶĦѵĿؿ˵ģ
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ʱİ³һ֮ɫغҪһоѪӿµڵأ֫鴤
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Īģĵ׵Ŀ־ԽԽǿңתͷýӲĲŤȣ󣬳ǱӰʱӳ
ǱվԭأϼûѪҲ飬ûֹһ㡣
ڳǱǧҲһȻ֮ɫ
䲻³ͳ̶ȣǰ³ſʵʵģһȭһȭһһĶѻģЩ˵ͽ˶԰³ܵη塣
ԣǸղſ³һȭڳǱͷϣŻʧɫΪǱɡ
û뵽Ǳȴûµһ㣬̧ͷ¶ʧ֮ɫţһ߶˵Ǿ仰һһ߳
һȣּֿȴû̫ƣֻͨƵģƫƫ³̧ȸ񵲣ȴô˲˵ǱǱһڶϣƶǣǰصƤⶼѣ¶ɭɭ׹ǣ
ڿնֱ伸ʮ⣡
Щ鷢Ѹޱȣתͷʱ򣬳ǱѾջȽţȻһεسɴһڶĦѵǰ
ʱĶĦģ죬¶аɵƮţ·䵽ˮȫ뵣ˡ
ȴ֪ǶĦתͷųҪڵĺĥ
ȴ֪ĦԽתԽǾ죬ΪԼĻȻκβЩ
δ˿٣
ңǰһǱѾǰ
еǹǼ̵ֽĵӣǱ۾ʵԷش𣬾һ˳ȥ
Ħͷ󾪣ǰˣ׾پͽʵİ³ֱսܣȻҵģ
ԷһĦٴУǾڵĺδɢ廹޷ƶʱҲ˲ôˣһУ

ڹŵڳͿ
˼򲻵ѣᶯã
һóӰǳ޴󣬶һԪˣһִ̼Ǳܵ
ЧȴҲ
ȵϢëɢȥĦʢ˶
ǲڵĺܴӰ죬ɶ
Ħһϲͬʱע⵽ϢӿȥŤ˲Ӱͷų˵
һ̣һӰ֮Уת۱Ϯǰ
꣡꣡꣡


381 뿪֮ǰ
ĹУĦѣѵ쾳Ϊľǵĵһ֣շ˳ȥںŰอĻᶼûС
г𺳺ͲʣϾѾʩչɲǶԷ֣ܹƽ
ֻǳǱһȣƼ򵥣ϣӿַһڣʱͽǾ飬อѿ쾳߱ϾǺ֮ܵˣԻָ
ָӵľУĦһʵķ㱼䣬ųǱݣϤ֮УȻԼĺĦĦڻع鼫ֽ̺Ƿ񣬶ʱͫ׷Ŵ
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һ뵽Ǹ˵ս֪ģĦĲ̼ɢ¶Ȼ֮ɫţڵϣͷһᣬϢ
Һͼ̵ֽӲСҲǻȻˣĺá
ţǱͷһתһȭƮȥȥĶĦϣԷ޷Զ¶
ȴĸҩƿһűɫӡ
һȭȥ뵽ƿ֮ڣʢŵĸڳǱͷӺ󣬲ٿżҩƿǧܷ˹ȥ
סˣмԪԪʡ
ǧںͱǰͣǱĻֻǴֽסҩƿ
ǽС򣬼ĳ棬֮Իô𾪣ΪǱɻܵˣʵݲ
շǰ飬ʵ̫˼ˣꡢŷɥľǵһʿ͵һ֣ȻԼǰ˽նɱҿ˵Ӹͺ
ǰһ̫Ѹ٣ǻعƽﲻһһһˣ˵ǸޱȣҲѾ
ǲ֪ˣΪ޹ĵһʿ͵һ֣˵пá
ֻǣڼҽľԳ֮˽úܣֹһεĿ³ͶĦѴչĳ棬ǲΪ廨ͷˣڶǱʱ򣬼һ֮
ͺС˴һ޻֮
Ȼ̫ǾֻǳǱ̫ǿˡ
һ˲䣬ڼҽܲʶԼԳǱ˽ʵޡ
ʵʼգǱû͸¶Լֻ˵ճ£˳ƺԼΪʦ
⵹Ҳ֣˵򣬶Ҫ֪׺ݣϲޱ˳ϣмڴˣе̸ɴͻҲǲԸģֻ͸¶ϡ
ǱڴˣǱܡ
ںͣǰǱ϶˶ԷǸ֣ĥӲݵҪʦѧգܺǱȻĬϣԹۿԼ䣬û͸¶ȥ
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Ǳ̾ţͷһһȭӿȥǿӰȭһ˿˿Ƶ͸һ֣͸ӺϵЩ첨ҲԷ
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ʱҲϵĿ־֮ɫɫ仹Եò԰ףǿиɵĸоȴ򶨡
ŶӣղǸģǿװҪԻҡҴģȻϵڣ˵ľǵٳҲС
һǰ֮ˣǱĬڳҪδԷ
ǱǧںҲ֪Ҫ˵ʲôȴˣȻ֪ǱڸпʱͨѶ豸ΪǶԷ˼ԼٳݣЩﻢˡ
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Ϊ޽ĳӣƽҲΪϡŪȨŵȻ³ͶĦѱɱڳǱֶΡ
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׵һ仰û˵𣬾͸еϡԿԡͣɫٱ䡣
ԭǺ̫ˣ뵽ڣѪҺˮݾɱˣ
ѪҺһѪ㣬ƤɫʱͻҰ˽ӲûϢûϢȲҲԣѵһܡ
ʦѵҲˣ
ںͼͻȻһվʱ˸ľǵٳҲɥڴˣǿɾǻˡ
Ǳһۣҡҡͷû˻еôߡ
Ҫߣȥģں˵δȥɵ˿ǱĻʵ
ʱǱĿЩӣ֮⣬Щη壬Щݡ
ϾǱ֮ǰ̸Ц䣬ͽֶֻΣ֤ʵں͵Ĳ²⣬ǽһ
㲻˵ľе˲Σôãڴ˼֮ˣ뿪֮ǰһæɡ
ǱĻһ˵꣬ںʱһ
ں͵ԣʶ˳ǱֶΣĵɢ˲٣ûдӳǱĻ˼Ϊνġ뿪֮ǰָ뿪Ƭޣ뵽ԼĲ䡣
ʦ˲䣬ѹ³ͶĦѵΪΪһһĸ֣ʱǲҲˮǴˡ
ںһŶ˵ȥһ˼š
ԣʦɱˣٳٳҲ˻ǳľǵĳ˫³Թô죿


382 ľ
˼ȥںͲֵᣬһ˼⣬ͷô˾ľǣͶǿʢ塣
ಿ壬ʦ֮˶֣ﶼģľʲô
뵽ںＤֳѯʣҪ֪ǱʲôΪΡ
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һߣǧĬȻ
ںͲͬȻӢһüģ˼ϸ壬ע⵽˳Ǳ⣬﷭ֻҧҧ촽ʲôû˵
ǧ˼ӿʱںѾǰһ򶳽˵ӱ
ʱĴ˹һѪҺæɿȻǱԹ
ǱֻҡͷȻǵðǰ뿪ǰģ³ĳѪķôǾñͣѪ⣬ҪһζͼɣҪ̤ʵء£Ͳٶ˵
ںͼԼô˵ãֻûعǿŴ̹ǵĺճǱ˵Ļȥ

Ѫ⣬ɢά˵ӣȴףȻѪ⼤ĦܻɢǱʩչĺ̫ˣô׾ͱģ
ԣһ·ϣںͻҪʱͣ£ȡůȣ˴Ϻһ㡣
ͣͣȥʱƬ˵޺Ȼ¡죬ǿõСƬ¡һݣת۾ȫɳˡ
ʱ˿ȥﻹʲôޣһƬɳ
ǰ͵˳ıԵֻǲ֪ʲô֧ţܹһֱڡ

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ৣ
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˵ںͣǧҲһɫܿعһں͵Դϣеʲô棿Ǹ˵ǲЩôٶ飬ᱻһЩǶǵĵԻ󣡡
Ҿ˵˵û档ںԴһί֮ɫ
˭֪ǧԣüŭ⡪
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˵ţɫأЩаᳫ˴ˡӴȥﶼΪͽֻǻΪ𣬲֪ۣúõᣬȴޣ
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ܶ˵ĶԻУһľš
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䡭
Ĭһ֣Ǳǧ߹š
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ں߶ţ߽˳űϵǼҵ̡
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ȴ˵ں˽ȥûã³ںͺǧ϶ֳ֮ɫųǱҴææȥ
һܣܿ뿪˳ǰУУʱ䡣
ǴĮҲвز裬Գ̶ߣǰľǷЩ˶Ǽĸڡ
űϵһƬҲͳ˽֮أԷٲ嶼еڴˡ
ľشɳĮԶһƬԭڵಿ壬вƽʱԣջзȡκͲҶżҲܻͷ
Щͷȴסľ˵ǾסʵʣܲɣҲһ뿪̫ˡ
޹ܹ֯ˣҲల¡
ֻǣڵľסȴ˶죬ǲӴģ㲻סںլڣҲռزСƽﵹҲ鼸˵ʽ
СĲͲˣס֮ؼªޱȣ״ľһ굽ͷв˲ڵڼ
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ӵĵ·;ȴ˲ˣһƤŹͷޱȣе˿еĸɴѻ⡣


383 
Ʈһָ

ǧܶ˿ǰ龰̬ȻżӿŲǰеĸѸ١
꺵ԽԽأΧˮԴݽߣľļھҲ͸ɺԡ
ˮԴޣҪˮҪϼ·ӲԭϪ͹;Ҫǿʢ䣬һСľͿٲ
͹ˮԴٲһɳ˶ֲ࣬ȺǣһȥˮݳƷмУ򲻵١
һһ굽ͷʵ١
Ǳһ·ʱܿٸľ裬ڵϣϵ棬ֻȴһַԡ
ЩͣһģԴǰ߹ĳǱ˲ǡ
˼ǰŴǱöЩȻβ죬ԡ
ү㿪۰ɣ
һɣȻ˶Ҫˣ
ϣɣյþȣն澭ɱ²ݻ֮ˡ
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ȺͬݵĴĿģϵıҲľһƬ
ͬʱǱע⵽Ⱥ棬мſڵأѪ죬˿ڣǸձ˴˲á
Ա֮˶Դȴ޷ӦǿЩֻһȥѡ
ô
ǧܿԼ˵⸱⾰һ𾪺ͱˣȥ꣬Գб仯˽⣬˵뿪ʱȻֹۣҲû뵽񻯵ȵز
׵ʲôΪ䵽أǧﺬߡ
Щˣһͺͷ˸ɵģںʹ̽˼֮ˣҧгݣһߵģ
֮ԼŸڵͺͷ˹·⣬û뵽һδͺͷȼ⸱˼ľ
ںԣܵˣվӣǰȥǧæϣǱಽĸš
ûһ繫Ѽɤǰ
峤Ϊã˵ŮѾˣǽ͸ңԻڲһ·Ļ

˻δ˵꣬ͱں͵ĺˡ
Ŷ
У˻ͷ˹һ̣ͷ˳Ǳ˵Ӱ
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λռزСãΧľéݴ̾ͣ˵ǽݣ˵ﻧ
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ˣǱʱϳڲ죬˲峤
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ڳǱûϣǱһҪķ˶ѡ
Ǳյľʱһ棬֮޽͵ȣǰ仯СҰ˵ӹҲԵôԪ㣬ԳǱĿ׵ؿıڽܹˣ˲Ск󻼡
վˣƣһڲˣǶ棬ȴվʮĸߴȵӡ
Щʽ˴ͬС죬ȴԲͬó֯͡
ҲһܹõϵģڴϪ̼˼ųв£Ҫ׽õġ
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ǣǰʮˣųУҡУ±˲֪ݲס
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Ϊ׵ģһԴĲ߲ӡ
ں͵תȥ˫һɣЦſǧʱһɫڵģ
ҵ˭ԭҵŮ˻ˣҲãɴ͵ѻ˵ɡ˵ţһЦ˹
ʱ򣬳ǱҲ³ˣǰͷںͿеͺͷˡ
Ǳţֹ֪ȥ˵Ϊں˵Ѫ۷壬죬нġ
ͺͷߵǧǰһ̧ȥȻģôΪͣȻҲᱻľϣΪ¡
ԣһץȥǧܣͺͷһ壬ӾͽסˡԶۿҪֻݵϡ
ʱǱĿһ䵽ͺͷϡ
Ŀ絶
ʱ׻ȫܾӰ㣬һϸߣأһ˫۾ɲǱȥ
ʼնûӹǱ˺ڼҽһֻͬһۣǸзϣҲͲˡ
ڱǱһۣʱеƤ飬ϻģֻĸоͺͷ֪Լˡ
üһǸ֣
ųǱ˺һᣬͺͷһ˸ʵʿڲȭĸ֣ȰĪҪ̯ӻˮһΪٸߣľǣҲҪĹ¡
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ãããȻڴˣҲͲ˵ʲôˣǸʡ
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ͺͷȻΪϱԼǿˣͻ̷Դ˱ס
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˺һᣬعڼҽܳһҪ͸˵һֹ֣˽ܶˣǰһԳǱһ
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ⷬһ˵ڼҽ¶ϲɫΪԼĸҪǱ
û뵽ͻȻɫһ䣬һתһɫͺͷͳ죬˲żüãһʱӢ۵Լ̹ˣҪҲϷеģԼͺͷͳǰ
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ף
ںͺǧⷬɫ䣬Ҫ
һߣǱ˿ǰ¶ɫһЦԭˣˡ
Цвʵʲôˣ
ǱЦݣɫˣΪʲô˶ǣ


384 ˣˣȫ
Ǳ⻰һ˵ΧȻ;
ȻڡƼݣȥϱֵĽС΢Ⲣ
ͺͷһǰ壬Щڲ޺оɫΧһԣܶҴв˽ӡ
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仯֮졢֮ḻֱ̾Ϊֹ
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ֻΧڶסˣһȻɫࡣ
飬Ҫ̵Ī峤᲻һˣ
һ֮в죬һ񣬾ͿڵڲСݲۿžҪѣкã֮Լ
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Ÿ˵ĻԽԽǧ̲סҪ˵Щʲô̾ͱϡ
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⼸ڲͷֵܣǽ˵ĳ
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û뵽;ɱһͺͷ
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ƽﲻ죬ûϵͲԭһǲ˹һȥȻҶǣǨԭ
Ϊǲĸ棬ľס޽Ҳ˸顣
λᣬ񲿽ףҲ޽ƿأȥǧܻط֮ǰ¶¡
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Ȱãǡǧһ˻飬ǳǱһ۱ͺͷʹþԽӡ
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ں꣬ŭɫһҪͺͷƴļơ
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ŸȰοĻǧиޱȣͷ˵ȴĿһתǱ
ע⵽ԼŮ߱仯ҲǱһμǱʱΪԷǸǡԼӵķˣûж˵ʲôʹ뿪Ҳ֪ӺͶԷʱнӴֻǲ
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ϸس˳òһǰδеľ֡
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ૣϤİף޴롣
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пľ֣
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Բض˵ͺͷ̫࣬ͺͷ˵ӳȥͶһ޽Ϊ˺Ƥ
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ˣˣȫˡ
ҵı飬ڼҽܺΧˣͬʶԡ
ʱǱһϵı֮֮ɢͣ˵ѪҺ˼ά»ָ
һҰָǰľ

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385 
Ŷͳ˴ھͶ֣ĸͺͷķԸɫһ䣬¶֮ɫתͷԱ˵һǰȥ
ôǣͺͷЦŻʡ
ĸһֻǵֻ֡
Ŷ֡ͺͷͷһ뵽뿪ʱ˵Ǿ仰ˣˣ٣˲оϻб߹ôͳеľǼı
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ֱ˾ĻĸҡҡͷɴӲҲŮ⣬ͳô᲻ἤìܣ
Ϊ⣬ҲҪ֣ȻôҴҵľ͸ȥµ˵ľΪһͺͷЦӣ͵ˣӣһλضΪѣҺͲֻ뿪
˵ҡҡͷһ⼸Ŭǰ׷ˣɴ֧϶ŮˣҪĹͷ
ʱм˴Զйͺͷ
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˵ţۣЦϴǼһδλָֻţҪ»ֳڹϽ֪˶ʧأһֱģǲͷѣҵǧ붯ǰףϴĸԣǰֹʱ򡭡ٺ٣
ĸˣյ飬ͺͷ˹㱨˵ڲŮʱ⣬Ԥı
ͺͷͳһֱ͡˴ڲǽǧﱻԷôһΪһ棡
ǰ˵˵ζǱƹϿͳ˺ŮˣʵϣȴǳȨҪȷ̳ѡ
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ֻЩ˲֪籩ĵڲȴһ⾰
Ҫչ̳Ȩ֮һʱڲ֮С
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Ǻ״ңֿˣһȥڲ³֪
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ߣǻһ˵꣬ɫȻ仯
ڲǲ޹ĸ䣿
ѣǹӴСλƻڣüëһϢͱŷĿһת˳Ǳͷһʵѵڲƽץģôĵӣ
ѿǰλڲ峤ɫıʣ֪ʱ򷴶Ҫʮ㣬ܱס
ʱһ¡ܴ仹һƬӵ˻ͽŲвڼٿ


386 ˣҪöԷù
ָо壬Ҳʵ֪ôҪǷ˶Է˽⣬ºʮа˾Ҫһġ
˵ˣҲץģǳǱץģôȥǱǿ쾳ĸ֣
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ڳˣȻܾסľ¹ڲǷСڲжϲ䲻࣬򣬶ս龰úܣ΢һ⣬Դ
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ʱ򣬾ͺȹϵһ㣬תʱҪһſڵϵֻеһͷ
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壻ɱ򣬷˳ѹ֮ͬ壬кڳĳһҲãһҲգʵͨһ˾ͽһҪǱˣƣѲɣˣҪöԷù
˵ҡҡͷ
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ǱͷһۣҲ˵˺һһƾģ
֮˵ô࣬һǺںͽоɣǰҲΪЩ޺ᣬһǾЩġ
һ棬⼸꣬Ǳ֮ԽľҲͻƣҪ±仯ܸһ
˳ǱĻʱϸϸһ룬ȴϷֻ̾Ϣһ
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˵ţ߹ȥҪеٳҪǸղ˵ܸڲһ·ߡ
Ȼ״˿֪ñȴݺݵģ޲ýڳ֮˶Ƥǣ
ҽ̬ⷬǿ裬ôȥ󣬶Ҫף峭ն⽴
з֮ʱͻмźâһһ̵ؿڡ
⡭ʱɴ۾̧ͷǰȥ
һŻ۵ס
Ȼں͡
㣬ôң


387 ɱ˵ġ
̵ȥԴֲڣй⻬вٴĥۼԵҲѪ⣬ѪʣԵôĿġ
յ֣Բܿᶨ
ֵˣҲһʼĻң򶨡
۾ϢԽԽ֣ǰˣһ˼ı顣
Χˣͬһŵӣںͣϱ鸴ӡ
׵ĴסˣԼĶӣֺİ֮ɫһʶԷһ㡣
ӣƽʱԲС£ȴ޴־ƽʱ룬Ҳ಻⣬û룬ӾȻ顣

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ģһҾҲСϣУתͷǱ¶֮ɫΪߣȻ֮Ըֻǰ֪ܵ
⻰һ˵ǱδӦں;ɫȻһ䣬ǵͨ죬˫ٴβϾȲҲоȫ˫ӿȻۡһ
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ǾסľƹܳĳͳͺͷȻϤ˵ˣͺͷǰߣŻмļʱûУ˵Ȼǵһ۾ϳǴ֮ˡ
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⼸ˣǸմӳг޽ȥµص㣬Ҫָ롱ļˡ
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˵ˣһԵĹٽ˱ɱ˵ֹԣֹöûк̨ˣɣ˵Ǳ֮˵Ļȫţ
˵ҲǡԵͷԼ˵
˶Իʱ˵нٶȲûбǱ߱˵ܿ͵Ե
ѾܿǰһƬǽˣᣬľ壬ĳл̵̻Ⱥ
һƬ档
ĴԴȴ޶ãֻǰУûбֳ⣬Ҳûʲô֮ɫ
ٶȺܿ죬Ӷת
أƽϣ鿪ʼ仯ԭΪͳĹϵǲܺĿľֱˣĿŷ֣ԶĵϣŲˣ
ⲢϡϡļˣһƬһƬӰܼĳ̶ȣ涼ڸˣ
⡭
һĻԭɫݵĳֱɫһ䡣
ʱһֱĬſˡ
鲻򵥣Ǽ£ʵڲУֻȥóжᡣ
ĴеڶƽճĬԣֻҪͲ޵ķʸҪ
Ļ˶ɫأֱףǽ飬֮ǰ̬ȽȻͬ˵һٰʮȵĴת䣬ȴԵͻأΪ˵ļǰУΧľԽονĿġ
صˣһҲϢĴĸ֪ѷЩģһҲޣǵ;ƿݵĳ̶ȡ
ʵ;ƿݵˣҲϡ棬ǣŵ̫ˣ
ţķţ˵ľš
һӰ˵ɫԽأôԵһ䲻ܿ϶Ƿֱǧˣܹȷϣµ˾Գİˣ
㲻ǧˣֻİˣҲǷǳ˵ˡ
ε飬Ѱˡ
ֱüͷǰȥʱע⵽ɵڵصȺУһۼŲˣУǱڲľ۾ӵڡ
ΪˣͶ޽ҲͲڲϵһЩƽҲ˲ϢֻԽ˶ڲԽǿۣڲפλãǼǵúġ
أǵнٶеǰйɺѹɢʱһӰھĹĶݡܵӰ죬ԵЩɬ
ǰһλ˲ø֣һε񣬿²ô׾ܴɵġ
ֻǳֱӣˣҲʶԣ⻹ûȱΧľԼƸסˣȾ˰ҪǼˣֱӾͻ·硣
ңԷʵҲܴɵܵϳߣԭΪģֻͨĸ֡
ԷΪпܳҵ󣡡
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мǣҪҲҪ׹˳
һ䣬ֱӴ˹ȥ
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Ϊһ֮ȻλߣҲμӹһЩڻԼ֪˵ݣȴ֪ʣʵǲ֪Ҫδǰˡ
ں
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Ƕͺͷİףǿʳ˭ȭͷ˭ˣ
ͺͷʱ˹ҵͺͷǷǹˣ޷Ϊƫ̻ͺͷһ֮ѣ
ȴ֪ڲѾʦȸ֣ûֻ֣ҪӢ£Ҳţ
ںĳȵʱмѱ򿪣Ĵû˾η⡣
ע⵽˿⣬ֱ΢䣬Щɵ䵽ǰʯͱ֮вʧˣȡ֮ģŨŨľ
ǻѪΪʯɱ
˾˳ֱӵһ˿룬ʶԼҪԵ֣ܿһ
ţĿ䵽һɫӰϡ
ǱʱתͷĿֱƹ̵Ƥۣ


392 Թ
Ŀ
еƤϵĴʹĴﾪȸ
ĿƤоǸ֪ı֣ܹһģһܲ׽ǣߡ
ĳǱܸӦĿƤͻ̰Ĵʹǰ֪Σա
Ĵ䶼ѪΪɲθߵͲͬҲͳֱӺǿ˻ץסӦ
ֻǣǳֱӺţҲֻǴͨӦ֮£ܹץסһ㡣˿һۣƤ͵һʱӦġ
ȻǵĸӦǾֻǳǱĿڲͬˣ
ܽòڵߣʵʣ⵶ϸֶΣͲܹԿģ
ʱ˵ףΪ߸ϵ̬ʧˣȡ֮ǽ
ϴʹһţֱӱȭǰǸǱ񣬿ڵǰţתҲһ񣬿Ҳ˵ơ
гǱǰʵҲǱᣬΪܿפϹȻˣû˫ʦйϵǰһǰŵ̬Կ෴ֱԳܶ໰Ҳ˵ˣµˡ
ο⻰˵ԼóߣܽΪͻƿڣǱǰ
һ䣬ͶλĻǾǱȥ
һߣֱܳһȴԵЩ֣ܳ¶ϲ⣬ԼΪλᱻ˵䣬ȥλڳǱͳֱӡ
ֱ߹ʯͱԼе˿˿ɽԪԼ̹ǵĺһݣһ˿֮Ҳ¡
ֻǣ˵ĻҪ˵ġ
㣬Ǳûбֱֻ̬ӲͷƤýǰ֪ͺͷľͳһְƽкУгǹ洦ãǰóȻɱЩס
һ˵ţĿתʱעųǱϱ飬ȴûκα仯һ
ͺͷҲòԵĵط˵ëҶһֱҪΣȴҲǾȡֻǵְλˣôףԣǰܹ£ƲҶԻ
ǱҡҡͷһΪǱҪܾһˣǲҶǿ룬޷Ҳףͻѡ
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һ۳ֱӣӣҲϣӦ˲ʱ䣬֪ʲôĵطɱ̫ƽûʲô׷ģҪˣͽĳɱˣ˵ô࣬޷ǰ
ǱһƣֱҲգҷֻܵͷǣǰͬķϣһҵǰȥǰı£ԻҶϱۿǱƣɴ಻ڣ˸ơ
֮ͬ˵ҪᣬڲºҲͬ壬п֣Ǳڰֱ֣Բ䡣
仰óֱɫһ䣬䲻˵ҲвϲóǱʵڲˣΪ˴ֱ̫סֱӣ֪˳Ǳǰ·ʽ¾Ͳôˡ
ǱĻδ˵꣬ǺĻóֱӵֱӳȥ
Ҳ÷Ѿҹȥֱܹµ˹ɴλҶԹĳǰ
Ǳ˵ļ򵥣ֱӶУȴúɫһ֪࣬ȰǳǱȫȻ¶˿˿Ϣѳֱŵľսٶ
ֱ˵䣬ûĴֻֲҴ򣬰û°ֻء
ʱ緢ȣʱĴνǷϣҵת۾뿪
ȥıӰ̾˿вԽǿҡ
˼ǸϽ뿪ľǣڲȻﾭӪ꣬ǵ˳Ͼ·һӳȥˣ˵ת
ǣǱͷƻҲ޷ʵУΪͺͷһ£ϣûгǱİƾڲ뿪ľǡ
ǣôţҲǸ취ѵóԹ
ųǱͦȽɻɻǣ˼ҵĶӶˣΪλҪȶԷţ
Ҫ֪޽ĳӣǱץסִﱻںɱ˫ǲݵľˣ£Ҫ޽Թʵڲ²Ǳﵽڴʲô⡣
˵ˣǱɱĿɲֻͺͷԼǧ˶飬ľǵĵһʿ͵һ֣һȥľǵʮʵȥɡĳɣ
룬еǺͳǱ˵𣬶Էֻ˵ڵȴʲôһ㡣
ɱ˳ӣǻټңټ֮ˣҪҶԹʲô
֮ʣǱȴ۾֪˳ȥ
֪ǻΪ磬ɢľǸ·Ϊһһ㣬˿˿첨ӳǳظݹóǱԽ
ǳأ򵥣кĶҪģţܲ׽ֻƤëϣλҪʧ

˵ʲô˵һ飡
ڳǱԸ֪ǳصͬʱ޽һɫؿĴ
Ϊ׵ĳֱԣֻٴ˵ˣֵΪɲ⣬վǰ͸егѹҳ֣֮ǰ˵Ӧʵ
ʵ˵ƾһ֮սǧˣֻһˣ
޽粻ڵõ϶֮󣬳
Ա߶ŵĦĦʱҲüͷеЩ֣ҲΪһǧǿ֮ԣ޵ķʸ
Ĵһۣע⵽η֮⣬ĦĦ˼
һ
ĴҲжţ֪Ϊ㲻ö⣬޽أĸη壬ɼ˵ȶȻ
һᣬ޽ֵȷʵˣΪǸ֣ͨû뵽ʵųֱӣʵԸǰ
ֱ¶ɫջǽǱҪʵ˵
ǰ޽üͷ˵ֵļһ㶼СҵҲһ֮һ֮λɱҵĲ£ҵˣȥ޹ɾûˣ
Ȼ֪ǱΪ޽ϾǽçⲻҪ˼棬ҪӰ죬޷
ֻǣ£һãŭ˶ԷҲǻ¡
ʱĦĦ뿪ڣ޽ȴһԳֱӷԸҲգȥΪ·Ը


393 ƶ
Ŷʦ˵һ֣ͺͷˣ
ϣֱӻǰУԣһȥʮ˾ӡ
ӵòЩƣɫ΢ڣϵװҲǻһȥЩֲڡ˼͸еƤס
Ƥ¶ͦΡ׳˶Ȼ䲻ȴɢһɱ뺷Ϣ³֮
ˣľǳ޲Ҷ޽ĶӣΪ
ֱӷ޽ҵΪҪȥ¡
ΪһߣһߺԵĳֱӽ̸֪ԭίʱüͷ˺֪ôѵ֪ͺͷǳͳ죬縺ΣĪΪҪľǺУ֪֮£һж
ⷬֱƤһ֪λԼǰĿģæٽҪᣬ˾ǵУʹǰЩµȫȻ֪ͬͺͷͳ첢ǹǰǴǧ˶飬ȴϡ
˳ΪٳΪȴԴ˲˳ΪٽΪҲе㱾£С˽Ҳϰˡ
ţֱӾͽԼĺġйسǱ鶼˵һ顣
ô
Ϊ˫¶ɫЦúúãôΪãһҪ˼ʲôĦѣʱ˳ֱ֣ӽͰ³ҿƾʲô
ֱĲԽŨ
񣬳ȨڵĴС壬ʼѡվߣǰ³ͶĦѾĵ𣬶ͺͷΪ֧ߡ
ﰵִݣĴϸ˵ӦɣҳϵĶǳ΢ƫΪ
޽ӿνص㣬ϴŹ滮˳һЩ˵棬϶ΪΪ˺ˬϲýύˣԵֻǶͽΪ¡
Ϊ˶ԲµǲΪ̣ܻģֻǡ
ֻǣ˵ӣٽܹշģпŪɳ׾
ֱţѣʱѾ˴ãΪȲŶ룬ֱֻýѹУȥ
ףң
һţΪͿʵ޽ԱߵĦĦʱ¶Цݣæ˿ûΪĦĦǶĦѵͬţͱ¶⡣
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ΪЩΪȻڵ׵ĻԵͷ֪ˡ
ţһתֵֻǣƲЩ̸ڲҲǣȥǲµȲ壬ȴݺͳ죬鲻ܹϢϣ仰ǲǾôˣǣϣȷͷȥóһڲˣɱ˼졣
Ϊ˵⻰Ҫ׷ڲˣҲѹ֣ͺͷ£ֳǱҪշΪ£Ȼ׷
ͶԼ˱ɱˣһʾûУԺ˭Ϊ£
ڲǲ
޽Ҳͷڲһµ壬֣ȥɣֻҪɱ˾Уסˣڲ壬Ҫһֱţιһô
ˡΪЦЦʾͬ⡣
ԱߵĳֱӵԵЩΣΪϸ˵Ǻڲͬڣڶ϶ֻΪ˾ʱչģҲû취
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ĴҲͬȥ
ȼ˱ӰԶ޽ֺĦĦ˵䣬һ£˷Ըȥϴ󣬿ȥˣô飬Ȼ棬̫֪ˡ
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Ϊһ˵ѾΪʱʵɢСһ
λƽո߸ϵٽ֣æ񣬶ΪҲһһ΢ЦӦ
ţҪκ˵ָΪͷڲڣǰδڲۼ̫ˣΧˣ̫ױˡ
ΪһˣҷֽϢʱһ
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ʵϣΪ˵ǿԾӻǲģ뱼뷢ΪٸߣҲҪޡ
˼ܶԸһǧˣһˡʮ˵ʱһ޲ߣշ㰵ɱ̽鱨ȴǲѡ񡣡
ֻ뷨ãļǱ֮ɫֱˣЩ
ǱվһϱƵᣬ޷ԶһģǶΪĵʣ
Ϊܹ
Ȼ˼ɶԷһʼڵȴյʱ֮ΪЩͷˡ
ʦȥҴһ£˵޹ٽݷá
˵ʱѾЩͷˡ
ע⵽һ㣬ֱҪȰοһ䣬Ͼޱٸ֣֪Щһ㶼־ᶨԸ֮ˣóȻ»£ңԷóǰٽﲻҲƽ
ǣ⻰ȴ̼ΪЦһǰһͺλ̨ľٽΪӦԼǰ£ǰɣҸҪ㣡
⻰һ˵ֱ￩һ͸еҪԲȣͻȻܴһˡ죡

ֻǳֱӣͬҲע⵽ЩѭȥĿȴһ˼Ϣˡ֮ưɽҹ䣬ԭķ
ҲļãΧתƵϣգŷ䶯⾹ҲԵЩ
ô£
˻֣ţͷ׷׵ɴ۾
ֻһƬƬƲʳ֮ϣ
ƣˣҪˣ
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ǵĽкУէ
ǷƱʲôǣһ㣬˷۹ϵƲ㶼űΡת
綯ƾХ£
һеģָͬһط
Ǳվ֮
һ̣
ۣųǱȻûڣ


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յһˣǴӿƾһ㣬ۼŴ˷ζһˣָ棬Ǳûڡ
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Լ䣬Χ֮˷·ǧ뱼ڵ죬һ˿򣬽أһɽϢѹ˶һϣ
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ѾʶǱֶεڲˡɢɢС֮˻ã֣ѾЩϰ߳ǱڲͬˣϾһǧʶˣҲͲӿˡ
ΪĴ˵ǰһĻʵھˣǼ˵ΪڳߣѪ֪ܸĲ׽֮ڵǹɲ
˵ĸ֪Уֲǳܣ鲼һһ£·һ㣬ĴΧųǱ۹ȥ
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ѵ˷ǳصܣ
һˣΪĴɫȻ仯Ϊһ̲סǰһ֣ҪץǱǱ𣬺Х̺ľһӾͽΪƷɳȥ
ԱߵĴ״ʱ˾ȣǿΪ˻ţ˾ɲؿųǱ˼ǧ
ǴʱʲôкֵǣӰ쵽Ǳֺ
ڳǱϣֽϢ΢΢ĺĳЩѨ˹
Ѩһǣ
Ǳͨ˵ľ׷ܣǺһ˵ѨںϺͷ롣

澭
澭á
ζ˾Ϊѭܹ࣬Сѭѭĺɲ֣Ǳ֮ڣѾ죬󣬸ڶʱھԽϴ軻Ѫһֱ㡣
һ죬ζŴ콨ϣԹΪݣʹоȥ뾭ϵһѨһЩѨܲϼ͡׳󡢳ͣ硣
ں磬һ졣
ʱƣߵѨһͣĿҲԽ׼˺ڣڵıữΪ״ԷתܶʼԪϵתΪߵĹҹ
ȻķȺСԡ
Ѩ׳ֱĳһգĳѨܹԪ仯֮ʱǿԪڣҲͽ㣬ţ
ǱжԿϻ֣ͷУͨ˴ͨ˴ϵļѨ⼸ѨͷĹעڶʱھ׳һزܹʶĿ壬óǱһ죬š
ŵص͸Ѩϵ
ʱߣѨ谭ӴԪʱֱ͸Ѩ׽ȡԪƳ棬Ԧʱ޹ԪǿӦӦѨѨϵ̻
֮Ҳʹ已̥ļޣʼ򲻿ɲľء
һսǱ˫ϣԱӰ졣
ûջ˫۲ͨתȣ˫ϵȫͨһŴϵͨ澭
һ㣬漰ϢҲΪǱеĹֻؾйأܽŴϵֱͨ
㣬ڲϣףӰ֫ļ⡢ʹอԺЭ¹ȡ
㣬ϣףӰ֫Ĺ衢ؽڡѪҺĻԺȶ¹ļ̶ȡ
һͨǿʹǣ
ҪһȴҪһȴóǱһ˿ᡪ
ʱϵĽϢܵһ͸̺Ϣһ˿ִ˳Ѩ뵽Ǳڡ
һ˿ִ־ҲʶнϢֻһ˿ġСִ
ִһǱڣͺƹһϡ
Ǳڵӿ䣬澭мٴУ
ʮǱͨͨ˫ûлָ֮ǰӲЧ
ǱԼͨ澭ǱḶ́Ȼսﵽһ˼ĵزʵһһ޲
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ϢӰ죬ɢһ澭
ܿ죬ǱϢһƾ磬ܼӹȥ˳˱תס
ɾһ˳ֱһɢʱɢϢҲ٣ͨصǵڽѣʧڿС
ûԼǣȻɢȴƮԣڵգȾΥľ񣬵׻Ǽ˳סľȣ׷Ͻͷ̧ͷ죬˼
֮ڣʧԭŵĳǱ¶ǰ
˫ۣв޾âһƬһ㣬ǽΧ˿˿˽ȥӰŤ
֮˼龰Īһ˿⡣
Ǳ۾ָܿ糣ϵľԽӯǣȴ¶һ˿ź֮ɫ
ϧǲôһ㣬Ҳʧҵ˫ۻδָھͽȻܻһʱֲȴҪѸ๦򣬿λջģǹִһٳƣ˲٣棡
澭֮һڰУϴʺƿڴܵѪӰߵ񡢾ƣͣάܵת
ţǱתԶΪˡ
ע⵽ǱĿ⣬Ϊ̱仯ԵЩأ˼ɣ̬ȺͼϢ֮ǰȻͬ
ۼر仯ľ󣬶ҷǰ֮ģΪҲЩηֻĵһɰҲԾԾԣҪǰչ¶˸
۷֣ԵҵֶΣ
ΪﻹţҪڳղ˵ĻЩëڣкڣҪԲһ
ֻǣδڣǱĿΪĳֱϣҡҡͷ
û˵ĻϣᣬȻǳ޽ĪҪŪĳ


395 ɽڸߣһɳ
ųǱĻֱɫһ䣬æǰλǳĶӣΪ£ʱѲԲٽ⡭
һһ𣬽չѸ٣ȴվһԵΪɫЩѿ
ΪղųǱԼȴѯӣһصӡƣԼΪͷŭ΢΢
ΪΪľǵļ̳֮һƽɱܹӣ֪Էй˼ɣΣڳУмܣиΪ̨ʵҲŵġ
ԣڳֱӻشʱΪͻȻ仰еλ̨ľǵٽΪնɱǲʯĶӣҲ˵շǰ£͹⡣
⻰һ˵ֱɫٱ䣬ĵ֮С
ףףٽľƢַˣʲôʱ򣿶λѹǧˣ۾գһµôܽٽǵս
ΪڵΪͿʵо죬Ϊͺս뺷ǱǶԷһ㣬˵ǻˣ⵹ҲɳǱȻôΪüͷ
԰׵ʼעųǱı飬״һ̹λˣƲͺͷһ˲㣬ǳĴѾˣǶҲڴ˳£ǿɾûˡ
Ҫ֪޽Ĵ޶Ȼɵʱڶڣ˲ûпһʱ¾ͺͷһ˵ƽ⸽ȫһΪľ壬һۿȥһࡣ
ҪΪΪŭ˳Ǳ߻УϢ̾ͻᴫȥȫǣ
һˣҲ˲ˣϽǰҪȰοΪ䡣
ٽʦı⣬ҪҶ˵䣬˼ٽ
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ʲôҵū;¾ȺҲվҵǰ˵ģңʸЦҲʸѵֻҸײŹҸʲôҲʲôܼõô
ΪϾᣬ˵ĳ嶯ŭȴҶԳǱѣǰʱײǹϣŭ󷢡
һ²Ҫֻڿն𣬿Ѫںͼ״ʱŭ棬սж̵Ҫǰɱʵʣ
ΪֵܣţɱһҲɱɱҲɱɴˣʱںͣʱھ˲٣ɱŨʱ̣Լ׳Կϸݣ
ǧۼֿ죬סԼܵܡ
һߣֱҲǴһǾΪΪľ˻ǻе˼ӰǱֻΪ޷ָΨһģ跨ȡ
һʱ䣬ںҪֱҲҪΪŭڣΧҲ̻ޱȡ
ʱٵƿ֮𣬸Ȼֹ˶е
ৣ
һɫĹâƿֱֱָΪ
һз̫ͻȻ˻ûӦô£âӹɣϮΪǰ
ԳֱΪ׵Ĵǵһʱ˷ӦǱϾþս󣬼ʹͬ⣬ɻǱܵĳˡ
һ֣ǺϻһŮϣʣ˸֮䣬͸¶һȻƣ
Ӱãλλ㣬Ϊǰ⽣âΪ֣֣
һ̣һƬɻɫӰײ˻ϣɢʱɢһžž죡
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ţӰǰһˣôס˵Ϊ档
Ϊ˾ֿá
¡
УɫӰΪɽӰֱڵϣ죬ɽһ㡣
һҽУԭΪ˱ɽӰѹţ˵棬ڹ֨죬˶ëȻ
飡
ԶֱӲƣŴӵվ𣬳ųǱ
鷢ĺܿ죬ûüϸ۲죬ڻǻɫӰǴӳǱģڳҲֻгǱʵһƿ˵֣Ϊ
ΪɽӰѹţӹŤΣϱǳżʹֱ࣬ΪԹۣ˵ƴҲҪΪȳŶԣµ龰ƴҲ޼¡
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һϯ˳ֱӣֱΪһֶۣԷεĸѾܲסϵĸɽӰˣʱҧҧųǱһȭȻתȥ
һߣҵֺ壬һ·Уܿ͵˳
ǳ˸ˣҲҵż˽ȥ
ڳĴԺ˼޽
ԭ޽˻㱨˵䣬ͬĦĦԺУͷÿɢɢĻ棬ձ㱡ڣ޽ҲϣϣܹԽ
⺵֣Ĳ˵ҲǸв
ʱͻȻǰͨ˵ǳֱӵ˻ˣ޽֪ԣ˵ģʱ֪ˣһѯʣ֪ǰ̾˿
϶̫嶯ûϴĻϴȴ̫ңû϶ӣʵͷۡ
˵ţĿһת۵׷𺮹⡣
ȻִҪңҾԹȥҲҪҵҪкδ㣡
϶ѺϴֲӰʧǰ˼ȥĿΪڲһŮˣŮںúõĴڳҶӷˣδ̫֣
޽Ķӣƽ׳ԿԷǸҲգǴͷҲã޽ҲǳصģССһڲһ
ߣ޽Ļ£ǱĦĦʱ𣺡޳ǣԸһͬһ⣬һλ֡
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396 ɱ
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޽ĦĦ˳˳ȴͬһУΧʹӡƺƵжʮˣʮ㣡
ߴΧΧȴڵֻǴӶϴ
ȴ˵ŮӹҪס˵òԿԴϡ
˳ҲλԦµҪֶΣԱأάϣΪ߻䣬г˽ӴΪĻֳ硣
޽Ϊ峤ףʿ䣬ǰˣһֱ֮£Լֵܣ䵽Ϊϣ޽Ҳ𽥵֮¡
֮ųҲԽӣ˳Ūٻ֮һΪ˱֤棬ѾĻĸ˼ƥɫ
ֻڣѧĲף޽ĦĦڳ۹һתܿ澰󣬶֮˴ʱӦǷصףʾӡ
κ֮ˣǲ֮ˣƽԡɱǵͷѪˮݶӵӣЩ˻۷ǿߣҲη޽ϲǿ󣬿ҪǴĵ𾴣ȴԶԶ
;֮ˣаȻۼӹ׷ױãһȴûжξ˽ţǰָ֮¡鷢ֵ֮öС˾֪
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˹˲ø֣һ֮Ƶó٣
ɲôͺͷҲͰˣΪΪľٽǲʧ
ڲ֮˵ǺεݣȻ˵ֻһ棬ǧսʿ㾡Եأӵóȥ
⵹ֻ˵ƺڲ֮ˣֻЩϵκǡᣬͺͷ˹ȥųôһ¡
ʵͺͷŽǧǰε̣˳˵ע⣬ֻȻ˵㣬˿ǵͺͷƽΪ£Ҳ֡
׻˵úãҧ˲ϡ棬ҧš
ǧ˸ͺͺͷ֮´߻Ȼһʱ䣬˵Ŀⶼе˳й˼ɣĿŵǰ嶼ɳ̽ӣһأҲ˽⡣
ĴˣΪǰȴѹӹǶˣЩ鴫Գ֮˵𺳺Ǿ޴
Ĵãֻ߲Ż֪ݣΪΪĶӣƽҲϲߵĸ֪˭ȴΣָо쳯ĵ̫ӱ˸ſһƵϾ춯ء
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ĦĦ˴ǰľǣһȻʦܡѶĦѵ룬һҲʦָɡ
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һʱ䣬޽ϣĦĦׯϣһǰһǰȥ֮;֮˷׷Ĥݡ
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ĦĦԴӳ˫Ը·磬ͻȻĬ޽֣תȥʱ֣ĦĦϳ˾֮⣬һ˫۾͹˫۾¶
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ʱϳԷݵĦĦֻʣһ֣
ܣ


397 һ棬ת
ܣܣܣ
ĦĦһǱòڼĻ͸
Ǳһˣһսս޲ʤ
뵽ϵЩԣĦĦεѣ
һ㣬ǳͳǱǵзѣմжԷ·ʽ˵Լɣ
һ뵽ĦĦʱʲôҲ˲ˣʲôʦʦɶ֮Ժ󣬺ԼȣЩʲô

µѣĦĦһ䣬һţֱӾȥΧֻеƮǰӰһʧĦĦӰȻ׿ȥ˼ڼʮˣ
⡭
һĻڳ˶ʱĿɿڴ
ЩˣҪôͬ޽ĦĦһ·ӳʹӣҪô·ϼβֵȺоɢڳС֮ˡ
ЩˣٵĶ֪߲µĦĦݣ֪Ǽ̵ֽʦ
ϾĦĦһĴصȲׯϣ˵ӡǳ̡
ߵĿĽ㣬Ŵеʡ
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ˣҲвϲĻģ֪ñ֮ΪϣΪ£սΪϣսΪ¡
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ֻǣܵ˲ͬ˵ĸоҲͲͬС壬ţ֮£Ͷ˵ĸоʶʱ񣬻ʮɱԷһˣͻȻתһɢǳͻɻ󣬼̶ɲ
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ĦĦΪֽʦݳߣΪҲԲȥһ˾ƫƫôһˣˣ
ȷһʱ䶼ûܻع޽ԭء
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⣡ץסˣ
ĦĦд󾪣ȶһԵĻΪӿ


ĦĦΪҲгʮԪƲ
༤䣬Աߵĵ׷׿ѣǵϵҲŵñͷܡ
ֻǣϾǼǱܣˣνעһ
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ǣһֶΣǱۻһһȥ
ȥɲɣҵʹıǱ䷢֣ɣײޱȣŴһ֣κãһСС쾳ߣôĶ֣˫ͷȥ޻أ֮ƣֻвһе
Ҫ֪ǱڵʶֽߵʶڣҲ˵˫ͷߣѧļֹѱǱо͸
ǹʮԪڳǱǰûκ֮ء
Ҫʹѹ׵ľˡ
ĦĦľԽԽֱȭԶֻգͳǱľѸСĦĦɴһᣬһȭһԼȥ

һĦĦﴫԴһᣬ˲ʧȥʶֻǰص½棬ɢɫâ˿˿첨ɢΧ˶һ
ŶҪˣǱ״۾ͷһȭٿضЩ¡
ЩԴԳǱڵһᾧᾧеѷ죬ѷԴԴϵͷų¡
˳ȭ⣬ת۴ĦĦǰһ壬仳С
һɫͷŹâţɢ˿˿ȭ⣬Ҫ֮ƿδ룬ͻȻһ³˹ֱ棬֮
ƾĦĦʶηأ
գʶȴǱһץסˣ
־⻹ûˣȻ־ˣѵ꣬Ǳǲ񾳵Ĵ˲ɣˣˣҽʩչİɭ֮ô־Ķ֣
Уǿɫ棬һӰ˳Ȼಡһƿն˳ȭɫֻطתǱڡ
ǱΪ־¾ֱ˽ᾧӰȴƾմӳǱʶɳֱ֮ӽӰ˹ȥһ·ţֱʶӰ
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ȴȥȻЩ顣
ţǱͷٶȭںɵľѿڰա
ĦĦӴӿе䣬žһˤڵϣһ
⡭
˾˶ɴ۾һŵģ
ǳֱ㣬֪ĦĦݺΪˮƽˣӶɳˡ
üһĦĦʦ˵棬תܣⶼûܳɣôһץֱӾûϢ֪Ҳ̫˵ɣ
Ĵͼʹо̾
޽һΪĦĦڲټ䣬ľУܹսʤԷôһȥöԷʧȥʶǾư첻ģ
һ뵽޽ͷǱзһĨ裬۵о⸡֡
޽ˣ˾͸Ҫ˵ˣβġС塢ڲһ
õһ֣ʲôƾձһޱ۾֣ҲŲɣ
ֽʦҲ֪ǻ
⻹ô
꣡ԣ
ǣӿڳ

У޽ò׶˼ؿ˳ǱһۣȻǺֶΣ֪γƺΪҲǼ֮ұľǵĳ޽Ӧ
ͻȻ
һҽдԴ
޽ϤޱȣʱƤѭȥ
ֻĶΪһɽӰѹģ˵У


398 һȥȪž
޽˵ţϱޱȣһ˫˸ģǵľη塣
ۿĦĦһӾͱǱƽ޽ݣȥĴ㡣
ΪȨơټѹֶΣԶԿ֣ŵ̬취һ£Էʶ࣬Ǿ;͵ظɱʡպ鷳
һǲˣ쾳ĸ֣˵ˣ
һʱ䣬޽˼ӿ
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޽׾˼ʮˣӿĶԶ֪ȨơΪ̣ȴʱʱߣǱˣܿʹҪ֪⽭ī٣ϵȨ߸֮ꡣ
ʹľУҿʩչֶͨΣ粻ϸ²ٿأͨҲͰˣΪ޷Լ򲻵ѣǲҪֵĺá
ң޽Ҳע⵽ˣղĦĦķٶвʢ
ĦĦƸ֣ȥǰŸմ޷أνʶ㣬ǳ˿ɱȣɸղһ˵ò̾ߣģǼèһ㣬ɴ˵֪˵ݣ
ţĿһתһſڵϡĦĦ޽Բ֪ʱĦĦʧʶֻһǡ
ʶ壬ͺǻһ㣬ܺǱǰֲˣ޽ΪҲ죬ֹ֪ȥܲ׽ĦĦϵΪǱǱֶλˣԻ˹ȥ
ϧĦĦԣʧȥʶܽ˵ʵݸ֪ңܹ֪Ҳܲµţ˰գ
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ǿĵ˲£µǸ֪Ը
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ͳǱǹĵжԣһʧ٣һˣͶԷйòһ⡣
޽ӹһ겻һ꣬ҪǼ̳˳⣬޹бĿܣĲ
Ҳ˵֪ڲϵǰԶɽӰѹĳµΪ޽΢оģȥ
ңڵĹ;֪ж˿Ҫ˵仰뿪̾ɨأҲˡ
һˣϵֳ޽ҲֻóóǱˣȻ󽻴ȥ
Ҳܰ˱ƼˣڳУģеӦԡ
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ҹ˽գ˷ɾ裬Ȼǲ֣ɸֶ飬Χɱϵֻһ˲޽˶ԲߣҲʵʵĺܣһ˲䣬ر뼫ֵֽ̻Ĵ㣡
Ҫ֪Ǽ̵ֽĻ쾳ĸ֣޽ȴֹΧɱǱĴ㣬ΪľһʧԾ󻼣
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޽תͷɱӿȴ¶Ϊֵزȭ⣬ľܱڸǣ¶ǣֻҪСĽҲɱ
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˵⻰ʲô˼޽ôԣע⵽һʣ￩һһɣɱƲסӿ糱磡
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Ϊޣ۽粻ߣ֪ǱΣֻǾãһ˵ΪٸߣһһҽʿҲǶ֣ӵ
ȥⲿָô죿ĪҪˣ
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޽У׽ˡĺ壬뵽Լӵ䣬ʱŭúúãû뵽㾹ǶʲôݣҲǽçɱģ
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޽һ֪˳Ǳ˶Էų⣬˵ֻǱϾԼӣôôŹ֣Է⻰°³ͶĦҲ׶༪٣
Ʊ֮ʣгǹ洦޽˵ͻȻȻֹԭǿǿǴ󣬻Ϊһ˸ߵľ޶߿ףƮ졣
ϽȨԷζ͸ˣк˼ɱɱˣкζ˵ģҪһȻģոɱĳ޷Эһºڲϣ֪Ҫжɱ
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ǵ˵Ҳնһ˽˰ɣͻĳӡ
ڳǱĻУһӰӶе£ڵϡ
ͨҰؿѪ˿ڴĿģһ͸˵ġ
һˣ޽һɫȻ仯¶֮ɫԣȻҲ⣬Ӷ˻Σ¶ǷϵϢȭ̼ܵԷƮɢ
˱ԣ֮˵ģҲһ
Ǳھ޶棬Ҫ̽һһϳݣʱ֪֮¾ǲˣ֪Ҫֳʲô粨


399 ڲ£Ȯ
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ˣǴ°˾ȻѾɱٳǺľǾǲ˰ﻹתأ
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403 ӳǣɽ
⡭
ڲһ㱣¶ãΧͶĽĿ⣬׹ƶˣȻǷֲʵˡ
㣬ô񿴵ʦսˣ
ԭһߵںͣҲɫò̲סͳѯ
Ľǧѵõıһ˿Ҳоȣֻǵͷ
ں͵һȻָ̧֣ͷ
Ϊ޽
ɴ۾һ޼ҵ˶˵ľǡ
˷ξٵ͵ˣҲ֪ľ̯ϴˣ
УڲһǱ˹ȥ
ͬʱĴΪ׵ĳһˣͬųǱֻڲ˾дžϲɫ⼸˵ݾѿĶˣ̿֡Ϊɣȴͬ
ǻߣתܣΪʹӣ
Ҳ˵£ųǱͷģĻţ
е佫£Ƕ˵ҲתߣȴǴܣҪȥ֪ͨ
ܱ޽ߣεı֣ͬĲ֮ˣЩ泵ܶеĽʿ޲ˣ޽Ĺ
ȥ֪ͨΧڳļͳ죬ǴѹΪ𣡡
޲񣬾פڳڱӪֻҪѹ
үһҲүվȶ棡
Ⱥ˹Ȼ֣ҲзŭһҪΪ峤𣬼ߣʱɨӳǱ
Ǳû뿪
Ĵȴûжûжվԭء
޲ǿ󣬿֮ʿ򣬿ɼҲĿЩ䱻Ϊͳ죬Ĺģʱŷѡ
£޼Ҹ˽Щ岻侮ʯõˣָԸǱҲ롣
ǱʵѾչ¶ţֻȡ飬Щͳȥ
ˣǵõϢĵһ飬Ǻϱһ˳е޲񣡸컻أ
Ĵ֪ȥǱ޽սʤɼ־ǵƾ˶սʤ֮ģ˶Էݡ
ͿδˣȨãûʵΪܣ˶ᵽˣҲֻһ仰飬֣Ǿûˡ
˵߶ڳǱϣǾ£ϲСġ
Ǳȴҡҡͷһ˦̹Ǻ

֮ˣɴʹ˺ҧͦס
ŰΪ𳾣ҰһģûعѲ˳ǱӰעľ޶ҲӰ
أ
˻֡㷲ͻȻ͸еһ
һǰţã
ˮ
Щ˷ϾմȾˮ
εδ
ţ촫˾ͷ죬ʱ˿˿Өˮ䣡
ꣿ
Υ棬Щһʱûع˿
꣡ˣ
ˣˣ
ԽԽ˽кЩƽݲףҲ˲ˣһ߽ţһ̧֡ſ˫ۣŴͣƷζ˿˿ء
ľУ˴˳Ծһѣ˸ɴ͹ڵأϵ档
һ̣ûԡˮ֮С
ǳ״µĸҲ˷ӦŵĿУ·
Ҫսıһ䣬еǸ壬е޲Ϊ޼Ҹӵһ̣裬̲ס
ǣǻ͸ҵȣ޲޹ǳأ尡
ūϧ޲ʿΪ𣡳尡
壡壡壡
˫ͳĺУӱײһ𣬶ʱѪɽ䵽ϣֱˮˢɾ
ڵ๸Ѫۻࡢƺԡˮ
棬ڲ˿սˮˢ½ģƽҿǱӰЩţں͡ǧܵһ仰ȴ·
ʦղŴǣ˵ǹվͻ
ǾͺãǾͺãĹһ㣬һ
ԶĴĿҲ仰ȴɫ䣬˴˶˼ۣҲ֪Ҫδ㡣

ľ⣬֮⡣
Ǳɳ֮ϡ
ΧǹɳϷգаļ
˳ųǱ߿ȥԶΰ޴ľȴĻڸǣǳϷƬƬƲƮ
۾ֿľǼۣǱһת뿪
ûмӰӽ𣬰ϣ˵ʱεضռȥ

ХǱڿмٷɳۣһ·
;ǻɳɳ¶ԽԽߡ
һʼżܼһյӰܿ죬ͿκӰˡ
¶ȼ
Ǳ˿Ϊ֣ǼٷɳۣԼĪһʱ֮Զĵƽϣˡ
ԽǿԽܼ
ȳǱɵԵȻһͨȼŵĸɽ꣡
ɽ
ɽͨ棬쳣ɽ¶Ѿߵĳ̶ȣɳ֮ϣ鲼ɭɭĿݹǣ䲻Ѫ⣬״ϻǲѿˣޡ
ͨվʱͻᱻ½ڵˮ֡ѪҺɣ˸ɣޡ
յ˳̶ȣҲһ
֮˵Ϊɽһɳǰһ죬֪ͻȻȼ
汾ɳ־ã˶þ͸ɽлһӣһձһʢȥͳ⸱⾰ø
ڣ֮󣬻ֹͣȻôֹӿȥҪĻ̻ˡ
³Σ֮˶ô±һܣк˵ǽòˣߣˣˡ
ҲԳֹǷ˻ڹߣ𺣣ɸһȥͨȼգûͻΪҽе˶û룬ֻմһ˿棬ǻ總֮ҰղǱն֫壬Ա
ûر֮󣬻ɽʽʱգ
ǱƮƮǰ濴˺һᣬͻȻһ˦䣬ǰһУ
һ߽ȥ;ۼ
˵Ҳ֣ڳǱ⴩ƫ˲ֺ۶û˿١
ǱһһߣУƽأڻ֮У
ôɽȥһ߶֮أϥ
ȻŪЩ飬Ҫ뿪ˡм£ֻ֣깦򣬲Žħƿأɣտ޽ģ֪ʱޣһ̶󲻵á
ţǱͻȻɫһ䣬ȻˣˣҲգʼ֮ǰȰ˵
˵ţ۾ʶ


404 ֪һһ
ܣܣܣ
ĦĦһ֮ɫٷɱţиǷ
ﵽʲôطӦǾ壬Ҳ֪ǳǱʩչʲôֶΣȻ
Χһۿ߼ʵı̲ݴԣݴïʢϥǣէһɫĿ
ԴʱĦĦ˵ݴ̵ȴһ˿֮о
ɳɳɳ
еļһһ㣬ݴҲ졣
ƾĦĦôܣϵĻ֮ɫȴԽŨ
ֻѧʩչٶɾˣһϢӶʮɣһٷĹ򣬻ǲ߼ʣƬݴĪǻ󣿡
ĦĦнĻ̼ӹǸӻԾеٶ˲٣Χľû̫仯ݴɡ
Ź֣һƬݵأ㱼ܣӦҲԽοһ·ͬС죬Զɽ󣬿ȴԿѵǻþǻþӦ֣Ͼ̵ֽ񹦷ǿģ
ţתͷȥҲһƬֻ̣ԶĵƽϣԼܼһ䲻ڲݴУμ
Ҳ棬ղҪڣȴô򲻿ţʮԪܶϷֺȥͨʵľкεľֵܹ˻Ԫ֮˵ľͷʯͷҲɣ̣鶼ƣö룡
ĦĦλľУ¶ˣ޽ͬУҪһ̽û뵽طһһ۾ϳݣȴǺǶ塣
Ǳ
Ǳ
Ħ˫ͷ֮ƶԸǱˣȻһֶԷʧɻľսǱս̫ˡ
Ȼѹȥ꣬ޡǱ¼һֱ죬¼ҲѾʧƣųǱͷڳ䣬ˣҪ˼ɳǱӰ죬д˵һ򣬾һ
οǱһЩ飬Ҳ˺֣ڳ¼һ̣塣
Ҵط֮ʱ¼Ҫ֣Ҳ֪ûе֣ǵˣǱһȥҪˣҲգ
뵽п֮ĦĦڼٱܣɻ̲ס˺
ǳǱʲôˣǿҽˣ
ƼұɳᣬҲɥ֣Ǽ̵ֽ˫ͷͬն𣬵Ȼʱ򣬻Ҫ˳
˵ģ⼸֣Ծˡ
ܺЩ˴ƽ֣ڶ춼ȵ
սʤ֮ʱ
Ǳãƽ֣ҲսʤֱӾ͸ˣһһȫɱˣ
˵ǣ⼸Ķ⣬м֣˵ΪҲ죬սƼҶɳϣоˣΧǱȴɱ
Щ飬ڶߵĻع飬齭ʼ˲ţ˼գЩȻ͵Ϣ֮ͨע⵽ɶǰ˵ҪôһҲˡ
󣬲ܹҽݵʿҲɧսʡ
һʮʮ٣ܿ죬Ǳ֮ʹ齭ЩȻмͨĽʿ̲ס̾һɱôĸ֣ɱ֮Ҳͽгˡ
кߣ֮Ϊɱ񡱣Ǳ֮ˣ䲻޸طԹϽǱһҸװ׵ᣬɳɱ
ö֮ųȴʧˣҲͽĻҲһЩ֮ˣǹҴ£оͰĦĦ
ǱΪλ򣬸ǺľǵڲϵĪǣ⼸Ƕǲʲôأ
ĦĦţһͻȻ
ĳ֮£㿴֪Ĳ٣֪г㰲ĥ㡣
ʣϷƺƵģĦĦУ
ĦĦȴȻһһµĽⶼ֮£ܵٶȾƾ˼֣
ˣɱˣ
ĦĦ䣬ĿҲãǱǣΪ˳ǱһﵽŽ֮ģֻҪܣܹģʱһ仰֪á
ܵô
ٴδĦĦֻϷϣԵֵУʧȴƽ⣬һſڵء
ܱѹȻٲ
һתĦĦӿΪԪվ𣬵δ룬ѹϵĴȻһ䣬Ϊ磬˳ë͸ƤĤֱڣ
ã
￩һűһɢݿɢȥת٣
ҵĹĶˣ
ĦĦһͬСɣȡ룬㾰ôһӶˣ
ѵþǳǱƿأ
һˣ̧ͷĿһɨĿ˳ǱӰ
ǱڰգӰ֣Ƹոƾճһ㣬ĦĦʵ֮󣬳ǱӰҲʵ
ע⵽ĦĦĿ⣬ǱһЦ¶ɭɭݡ
ӣӦϵóĳҲãҲãҪ㡣
ЦݿĦĦУڶУֻ˾ĵλɱ·֪ԼǶ֣Ҳѱʱͷɥ
ˣĦĦҲֿ֮⣬ԳǱ֪ûʤ㣬ҲӲȥֻﻹһˣҪʸ
УȻֻǻһ²ϣܹĪǾ֮ͨǷһþ
⻰ǱȴûлشֻǿյͻȻĹҵģֱֱۣܿƤŹамļ
һĻĦĦ֪࣬ǰһȷʵǻþ֮ž͵ɴ۾
ֻǱͻȻϣɢӨӨ̹⣬йתɢ첨
ǡĦĦһǱĿУ¶ɲ֮ɫ
ôʩչҼ̵ֽķţ
ң㣿лҪ˵֪һһȻʶĳȻҲϵ֪Ǻεȹ⾰

ȼա
ɽļ䡣
ɽи߶һǳǱ˫ĿƼ¡
˰Σ۾
û뵽֮䣬Ȼô飬ȻıѾãֻǳ¸³ȴЩϡ⣬ĦĦ˵һ£ҲɣҪ뿪ǰȥһ
ţܴ˼ۡ
ԴƲסħֻþס˼֮ڴ󹦸ɣȴ֪һмµ䣬ûһᡭ
£ǱΧͻȻ磬ƣǻٿشǡ

͵һ˿˳ſڱǶ룡


405 ̻â
ȵĻһ壬ҪŰһץסԼ
ɲֹ潥࣬˳Ǳ֫ٺ뾭֮У໥ۡѹ
汾ֻͨɫ󣬵ԽۣȻ𽥱ɫ¶ɫ
ʱƣɫԽŨ˾ƽޣʱǱ¸֮Ȼֱ֮״
鲼ȫӯĵɫ棬ͱһ˹ȥۣΪָ״СһСŻ棬۵ɫâȻʧ
ԭǱһԲӸ˽ȥ
ռԭ֮˸ɫڲӰ䶯л죬ˮƣв̣ףһ˿ɫ
ɫһ룬֮ɫڻһǻɫҲɫӿŰңһĴײҪѳӷΧںָ״Сɫź΢΢ƽһЩŰɡ
ͬһʱ䣬žĻһȥиӿ˽תֱȥΪɫһţ֮ڣɫıŰɫƽϢ֡
㣬ܶʼŰ
˻˻˻
Ϊ˿˿ƣקţųǱ۹ȥʼʱֻߵĻ仯ܿ죬߻汻ĿڱһգţԶĻҲ۹
أԽԽĻ汻ǱڣԭֻڵĻգûãչʮɣǱڱٶҲӡ
ɽ鲼棬ɽɳ𣬵ȴǳһȱڡ
ȱڴ潥٣λɽ֮
ʱɽһĻѳײ¶˹ͺͺɳ档
Щɳӱã˱仯ճһӲģеڣе˸žӨ˵޻棬Ÿ£ڵģͣѪȥ̾ͻ͸
Ǳڵأȴû˿Ƹûиеһ㣬ڱԶԶȥͬƵġ
ʱţͷ
ƽ³ɽΧɻͨǾһ㣬磬ǽҹɽĹâȴ𽥰ɽҰĻȻʧ˴롣
һȥͷɽĻΣգȴһ羰ʱȴֻʣһ룬ۿžȻҪȫʧˡ
ʱ߿ϣͻȻ졣
ף
ȴһӰڿĮտ·𺣣ϢڣϡڵϣҹеľҲܿķ
ȻһҳµڿС
װ磬һ㲿峤ûڼϳ裬˭һܲµóһˡ
ɽȻ䣿౾ֻһʱ⣬ɽ;۷û뵽Ȼ˾󣬵ǲУ
뵽¶ϲ⡣
Ⱦ˵ɽڹȻǬ
ţͷһת֮ϡΪһ˿˿첨ƣת۵ȥ鲼
ǻɽڵ־ʱͷ
⾹һָ֪֮̽
ֻһ̽üͷ
ɽԿڱ棿Ǻˣɽ֮쳣մ԰ѣˣҲܲ˶ãѪ֮棬ѵ±໹󣿡
ţ۵һ˿â
ҲգץʣȻǿʶ͸룬ϲԪȻǺϵ˵쾳ṳ̂룬˴棬ܿΪܱʲôط񹦣٣ϸã
뵽֮ߺٺһЦһ죬֮ƾͳģӰ¶ͷϷǿУһǳ֡
֮ƾֱǱȥ
Ǳüͷһͷ˿ӣԷȻûжǱҲûʲôӦȴһֱעŶԷ͸֪ԼԷΪ͸
ʱۼԷͻȻ֣Ҳţɱ۾ͷһתȻϨ˴Ļɽķڣһȥʸ
ˢˢˢ
ɳۣӹʮɣۼ뷢ÿһ֧ǻۣɢâͷ䣬ջҰԵøҫۣ
ۣۣۣ
ۼһһӿ磬ǵ֮ײһ
飡飡飡
֮ʣһײѿ
һҲܣ֮𵴵ĸѣΪǻɢȥ
Ŷɽ澹ƿأǰһȻֻתͷ棡˵طܹϵ棡
һˣͷϲʢԼ֮Ʊ飬˫оâһϢͱģӰٿһͷХǣ
Ӱһ֣תǴ󣬺Ĺ򣬾Ͷأһ磬һЦ׵£ܵԪӿͶְ֮

˿˿ϴϢ棬ٲȻһ
ƿʮɽϻ棬һ涼ûˣҪûƾЩʲô
£Ǵ죬ӿΪһӿʮɽ
ɽϻܴһĸӾңɢƮɣ
һתۣµĻ澹ǶƮ
ʱһʵӿһдݳ
лĳһ֮
һ㶣žͿһӰɽϰεض൴磬ȴ֮ķһɢƮɵĻ涼ڣһ
ಣಣಣ
ЩƮɵĻͱǣ׷ױ򣬳Ǳ
һۣǽǱ˸ΪֱʮɵĻţֻԼеӰ
߼״һ
ô£һХ£ûйȫ෢˷ԲʮԪȥĲǷ磬ԪմȾ֮˴˵ѹһ˻棬ĪҲǿط
뵽ɫأС֮ġ
ɼȻѾˣȻûĵݣȥγɽΪѻ»һ£⼸ĴߣΪľơ
ȥƾɢˣ˻֮գҲˡ
ţﶨ⣬Ǻһֻâһţ³âƥ£ֱָڵĳǱ
Ǳһȴһ죬һţһ㣬ǽߵһɻ澡븹УΧʱһգâ
תͷߣӰ֮۾
ࣿԪãǣҵֱۣóĳһ񾳵ˣ
£Ǳйâһдɫâ
âޱȣһײ˴µİɫƥѣС
һ̣ƥѣ


406 Ǻ
Ŷ
Ϸɫһ䣬¶Ȼ۵һĨɫ
֮ȥȻǷ֮ܽһ߶ԴҲգʶʶı£
ɫ䣬̬ɴݣƶƥһ²⣬һ˫۾Ŵѵİɫƥ΢΢ҡͷ
һеľΣڣ
һ̣̬ϣߵ¶һ˿֮⡣
ǣ
âһֻǰɫƥ飬̺ʱɢ
һ治ͬ죬ڰϱţһΧ涼
綯ɳɡ
⵱Ȼ߾ȵԭһбȻ
һСӵ֮ģΧԪһԪ֮£Ϊʵʣһʹֵܹ飬Ҳֻڱ棬ܶҡʽ£һޣˡ
ǽԪըѣеԪˣ
о֪̾ԷС
γЩðʧˡ
ͷһתһҪٴγУû뵽ʽδͣǰҵУʹƿ֮
ৣৣ
ȴİâƿ˻ֱ
ʲô
оâһ̾ͱʶϮâǸոմӶԷмâֻǰâƥײһƥˣΪâã
ѵ˷â֮еӵҪۡͣһδܹ֮ģܹԪҪԪΪʽҪﵽ񾳣ĪԼΪ
ţûͣ£һӣϢ
Ϣһ˫֣ͽԪٱǣ̺Ԫ֮ɳ߽⡢ڡһеƣ
ϢУϢâײһâʱµıѩڣԪҲۡһͬݰѣ
Ŷһʽ
üëһ϶϶ԷƾսȷʵԼǿˣֻǻҪϼ֣ܹùȻŹƾУǾʹȥ

һ죬˿˿ܳţ۳ţȻ˴ѹ֮γ˾â˸ţϢɢ
Ϣɢ罭뺣ƣǵƾϢͽԪɢϣȻһ֣ʯ쾪
ߣٲȻҪȫԸ඼ģֳ˿˿Ƶģ۵УҹһǳԽ
ѹ֣
֮䣬Ȼһ˿ѹ֮ɽ
·ǱվڵϣԡϢ󣬺̧ͷϷ䣬͸ߡ
˹ͨأһ׹Σ
ͻȻ
ƣ
һ첨ƴԶ˲Ϣӹ˵أתԶȥ
Ǳ߶һ㶣Ÿ֪һŲƴķȥ
Ⲩ쳣л֮ơ֮ԲԳǱ֪֮˵ȴ⣬ֱܹĹɡ
ϢҰϢѪϢд̹ǵĺ⣬ǺһۣԴͷвͬ
Ǳ۾׽ŴӲи򵽵һЩϢ
쾳񾳵ڽ֣ղŵĲƣ־ѧײನನ΢ɼֵĵصԶ
ǱܹܵģϵһܹܵõֻǱǱƽȴɫ䡣
ˣǱԭ϶ϮѹͽҪһأֻǵЭڣΪαԭ򣿲Уȥʧֻ֣ǣǰսսپ
ţ濴һۣһˣֻҪ򣬾Ӳƣ
ôһ仰ƶȻɢ໯ΪΣ֮ڵĿֲϢѸ˥Ź֮ûת۾ɢȥʽ俴˳ǱһۣƮȴѾԶȥ
֮ϣǱ۾𣬶ԶȥıӰ
ȥļ죬շڣƬ̾ʧڵƽϡ
״ǱҡҡͷȻʧЦ϶Ǻˡ
£Ǳһ¶һֱֱ֮ԼܿѪܡͼ죬ֻûйƤ⣬¥һ㡣
ֱһ֣ܶʱƱãҲ˵ҵһɢµ¹ⶼŤ
Ǳͷ֣ź֮ɫ
ϧֱۣʱûˣ࣬±ۡңѾĻĥһУҲδ֪Ҫղʩչ
УǱ䵽ϣֻУ⻪תˮ㣬ʰ쵣ɢһϢư֮ɢ»ŤܴӰ졣
̾˿Ǳ죬һ˦ֱ֮Ҳ˦תĹ⻪ͬճϵˮƵģ˦Ʈ䣬δأɢڿУϢ
⻪һȥΧ¹Ҳָ
󣬳ǱҲɢƮԺȴڻղ֮¡
ղ϶ͨ峤һ㣬̸ֹȴһ˿޷񣬲֪ǺȻǲߣ겻̣ܾܿٷֻ꣬ǲ쳣һĴܶвɼ֪ͷΪλҹ˴
һԺǱ뵽ղƣԼĦĦ˵Ľ֮£ͷһת˽⡣
ȷʵҪӿˣƲֶ³ɽҲã˫ۣҪȬȻ򵥣һߵѪδҪҸ֣ܹ࣬۵ֱͨ
һˣǱ۾гһ졣
ղ߶սЩҪǾϵĲֻ̫ҵĻѾ㹻տꡣ鵤иȹ̣ڸǽҪѻ֮³˫ۻָһͻƣȴֱ֪Ӵﵽεȵز
ţȻ
ϻһһͨĻƾմӼлһ˿ɫ
ԴˣǱȴȡ
ѭ򽥽һһ㣬˿ĽЩջڣһһȻħԴ顢ǣγɻ֣Ϊһʣȫ븹У׻ǳԳˣҪƽڻԷڣȻֱ׷ߡ

𣬳Ǳϵ۾ȻҲΪ棡
Ե޹ʹǽˣҿӣ£ȴûϢ˵뷨ǣȥԽԽӣֻҳǱɲӣΪɽǲ֮Ӧٴμʱ򡭡
Ǳ˼ţĿΧɽһɨ


407 ʶ㣬㷨
ܵɽ壬¹⣬Կ쾰е̼ͷеľӨⶼǱ泤յĺ
һȥ¶ɽıĿ
˵ǱĿʵҲȻ
ڻǰ˴ֻһƬϴɳͨɳʱĮɳ籩ɽͻ任ǣǱǰһƬɽȴǱճһ壬Էָ쳣
ʶ֣Ǳҡҡͷ
Ҵͨɽһ·δħк֣Ȼһභû֣䱾Դħȴɢγɽ
Ǳŵ龰־ĶǵĸоУ͸ߣĥ־
ǻħֶͨ죬ǳǱյ⣬ʧСħŰһʮɽ
ڳǱҲ˰֣ʱǰһ߽ĥѪһ߳ڱԴħ
һоţֿսħ˲ǳؼʱȴǰһֳͨţڵڣԪѪ⾭ٲȻ
ֻȴѪ֮ɣ棬ޱȣ֮ռԪ˵Ǽ̵˼㣬ħУ޷
鵤ıǱɻɽ֮𣬻뵤лԼħ֮ɽϵĻ棬ҲǴܳģûбա
ģɽ֮𣬺ͳǱϵԽܣڽ˽չ
˵ľǵĺ֣ͻɽҲһЩϵǱ֮ڲˣټϣභħҲڵʱܿƣǱҲûоס̳֮
֪ڵĳǱ˵粢ߣս֮ۺԳڵǲܿƣҰ㱼ڳӰķΧ¼
ǱΪ˱˼޹ҪһǾסڴĮ֮Уûд㷵
ۿѾ˻汾ʣҲ׼ǱϢգͿʼ֣ս֮ɽû뵽ȴľǵЩ顣
һأ֮˽ᣬǱȴٵʱˣԾֱɽϣҪϼչ򣬽ɽɡ
ɽϵĻ𣬲Ƿħϡȼ꣬Ѿɽ壬ǱȻսǷַϻḻɻ棬ֻһһ㣬˿롣
û뵽ߣ֮ԪɽбͺԪɽҲȾҡΣϢɷ磬гԪ֮ɽǣһӾͶҡ˻ɽ
Ʈ˳Ǳ֮Ըһݣһɢ֮𶼾£һ£뵤֮ڣ׼ϸϸĥ
ֻǻϾӿȫʹܵӰ죬Ȼʩչʽ˳̤ȴͣԲûȥ׷ߡ
ҲգȻˣͨµ澭ͨΪʵһ׮ۣҳ߾ʱҲ
ǱţͷһתʶڣǣžеĻƶ澭ȥ
ʮ澭Ǳڵ澭ȴѾͨµֻʣάά
澭ͬòڻۺǴ̼ζ֮⣬á
άҲ⡣
άάɢӰ˵СͻָάͶάɢӰ˵ͷ
ǱеġֻؾȻõİ汾ֻ۷壬ϰ͸˱ʣܾһοԴӽиڹٲȻոµ·ʼʶģˡԼС
ڣǱŻҪȥͨά䲻ףҲͷάԲ˵ȣ̺֮⣬ʹ谭
άԣ˴ˣԹ֮нҲǴͨ谭ֱ롣
ˣ澭ͨ
ǱڵأֻͨȽԻջҪģǽ泹ѱ޷һͣҪϼʱ䡣
ѹ棬ĥѪ⣬鵤򻺻棬ħԴҪչɣڼ䣬ʶ
ʶ߼̨ףܹ̤ϵٴγԡ
ϴαĦһƻܣãͷһ¡
һˣǱ۾ʶ
ʶ֮УǱʶ֣ӣֱʶ㡣
㻹ӣ˲ˣһһţǰȴһˣɢͷɮۣĦĦ
ǱҲǣһ磬ǰһ̨̤ϣ
һ
һź͵ڶŵѸվӰƮͽâݺᣡ

ɮ۵ҲվһüĿȭһâȭݺᣬп¾ĵģΪɫַųǱǧ

ŵҲվоͰ´멡ͷڵĦ
һϾ־ѪҲŤ䶯ֱǴֽͺĴ
תۼ䣬ųǱ⿴Ƽ򵥵Ķʶ㷭츲أһһʽбУ֮ƣҲԪ־
ֲͬһӿǱû
΢΢ۣǱӰģǼŲƣͬʱĶʶȴ˫ãһһӦԣͬʱǽŻ̧ŵļ̨̤ȥ
ʱĦһо仯иɽˮҲܵظʢҲкأ
һֻأ
ǱΪ֮˼㱣һƸؼʱڣһĨ⻪˫ɢͣΪӰϷµľײһ
ϢƽʧͬʱǱһֻţȴ䵽˵ļ̨֮ϡ
һ̣ʶ
⣬Ӱӵ𣬶أˣ

һ
ľǿνǷƱá
޽ӾԱ֮󣬳Ⱥףҡ
ǼͳŲң޲Ѫƴ˫ܾˣᡣ
һʱ䣬ȷѪ겻ϣúõһǳأˣֵϱ鲼֫Σ
Ľ죬أڵļ˴໥֮ˡжԣԱȽƽ⣬֮֮ƽϢ
ֻ޲ȴǱƵ뿪Զݱԭ
µļ壬˴˼̥ĸ֮λһֱԶ£ۿѻջսٲѡͷ죬һɢɳľǣκ棿
֪ĸһڲһʱΣֻ໥Эƾһˡ
ľǵĳ
Ǳٴβľ֮ʱôһϢ


408 ֻ
ǰ˵ǳڶʦ𾴣ѡҵϾ޲ʦһִٳɣʦΪ֮ˣڲѪף飬ǻǺġ
ںһߣһ˵ɷ
Ǳ֮ʱʵû֪ͨκˣֻģ⣬ɢͷһۣƮƮģһǣ˳
ǰľ֮¾춯أóڴңϴƣȻ⣬ԶűϣҹǱڼǱЩʱԻرҲڲ֮ˡ
Ǳŵһȥûãں;ͼҴҵĸˣڲͱĲ岻ͬͳǱŽ飬Ʊ仯ڲ峤Ȼľǵĳ֮λȫ¼˷ܣǻ֣̿ϰµģҪһĹǡ
ĹǵȻʵϣûԳйʲôõϲҾ΢ˣ͵رǰ̨ôܷŵÿ˲ٵЦ
ں͵Ǻĸײͬ˷ܣ⣬˳ںҲٳˣǰ;Զ
˷ϲ¾ˬںŲӣڴ·룬ɣ·Ե˼ǹ˼ۣϱЩΪȻſǱ׷ɫ仯æͷϹ
һ·н߾
ںǶ״˷ܣϲЦտǶҪֵˡ
Ǳȴע⵽;֮˵С
ЩǳڶںٳġǶǰɱˡ塯˵ӦúһܳǳǸЭĽ
Ǳ˼ţಿ֮뷨˴ŵ˽⡣
еӣʵǳǿǳģ
һһϰ䣬һϢըʱʷҲ˽⣬֪Щʱ鲻ֻ档
µ飬ڲƵǶľǣ޸˵ǲʵҲŵġ
޲ľǣǿĲ壬һʵҪܶԿҪ΢ʤڲܹᲢ۵ģ
ڲܹλãΪм֮ƾУûռݾƣƳһȥøģ˴ǣơ
뵽Ǳҡҡͷûж˵ʲôЩƲȤҲ֪·ӣ׷ͬ޷ȫı䣬ֻҪǵԼͷϣǾڡ
һˣǱעּеںϡ
ʱںͣһ˷ܣвͣš
գڲɢڲԭϵˣͶҪˣʱʵҲ̵ܹλڲռ˳ĵһƤ̨ͤ¥ȫ֮˴Ӵ˶ܹϽʳĺˡ
ں͡
ʱ򣬳ǱͻȻڳ
ں͸æס죬һ֮ɫȻЩͻȻĵλͷԣ׻л۸֪һжǰ˭ͣһǱ˴ͷӡ
ǣʦʲôѵʾ
ɻǵǰʲôģǱʵ
ںһ㶣ɫЩ仯ЦݣǵãȻǵãͽ֪ˡ
ǰڲڳǳһǣª΢ֶ֮˲֪٣ʽ
뵽Щں;ΪԼʦҪԼܵΡ
Ǳֵɻǵãǰ޲ʲôģ
ں㣬źˮ¡
ǰ޲۰ľǣ峤޽ΪľҶͷΣΪĴ
Ǳں粻ɫʵʱ䣬Ƕ̣
䣬ںҲ޷ƽˣҪȴǱס
޽ⲻ֪˻У㡢Զ룬һȨɢοڲҲ˵ֻ̣㣬Ҫɱ㸸ɱ㣬㣬а취ֵ
Ǳ仰˵ľЩˣȷһ溬塣
ڲСиǰնףôֵܵס
ں뵽ؼ֮ңƺʲôųǱһȵǰ·ݳ˵Ϣ˱仯
״ǱٶԣЩ˵̫ͨ͸
ʵڲƾΪܣƳԿСĲ壬ûʶĿܣֽλѾ֮ϲռ˲СıˣֻҪõʵȨŻ׳壬ϷǾ޿ܡ

ߵʲôزҪԼҲܳΪǵıķΪƶ˥䡢壬ԴΪưԣգбϣѪȷ磬ʣе
ͷ£ǱĿںϡ
һ·ߣڴ·֮ϣת˼һۡ
⸮ۡλľĵشռزСǳ
һǰһȥĿһƬͥԺܿͿһڲˣǼǱ¶ϲ;η׷
ͥԺ㵽ãվűߵȺ򣬺һӦСˣ˵֮飬֪ЦȴΪ⣬ųǱԼһԣüס
ǱҲһ˿ǰԼľ
ͷӦУڲѾãûҶ̣óȻΪľ壬˼ޣһڲǿʮ뷢ʩ֮λܡ
̾˿ұ̬װŪԴ˳κǼѶԸı䣬Ϊ֮ƣֻ롭棬Ҵȥ֮λ
˵̧ͷ˳ǱһۣԷޱ飬Щ岻
Ŷ㲻Ǳʵ
ǲãǡֿ˳Ǳһۣ̽ŵԸ뱾壬ĳԸ峤֮λãľǳѹ壬һʧ
ȦˡǱҡҡͷڲ첻㣬Ҫ˶þͻظԭģң
ô˵Ըڲ峤ˣ
ѹסϲãæʵ峤֮λȻҲֻ֪гǱԸΣǲ屣֤ܹãӪ꣬ľǳ֮ơ
ڲԼ飬ĳθɣǱҡҡͷأܷ㣬ȫ컯ĳλһΪںͣʦ׽УڶΪѻյĻˣ˳Ҳͼˡ
˳ǱĻһҷֻǴȰϲмȨ֮ˣֻҪóǱ֪ϡȨԷת⡣
ʵڲУǧȰοٳɺ£ʱһ֮ˣҲ½ڼȨ䣡
ţ˵˼䣬ǻ㱨仯ġ
ǱüЩᷳ
ˣЩ飬Լ֪ˣø֪ңĳûȤ֪ȥ׼һԺٰںͽ


409 ƣһ֮
ȭͷҪһ֣ھȣѪʱж̣ؼɣλС
Ժ֮ڣǱһԣָǰꡣ
Ȼں͡
ںͱǱ֮˵ľòȻһ£ٸ꣬ϲɫ෴ʱ¶һֽȸС
ǱҲ˵ƣֻĵָ
ճǱٶȽǣѾȥ죬ǱסԺԺûʲôֲ꣬ɨĸɾΧûʲô˸ҴҲƧ
ںÿгǱָ㣬Ѹ٣ȻǰҲгǱʦǱδϣںֻڳǱʱԹۿļ䡣
ۿϰִɣ͵ѧ书֮𣬵ǱȻں͹ۿֲ˵ʵҲĬ˹ϵֻϾ˫۲棬ʹ䣬ֶûУܶྫں͵ƾᡣ
⼸գǱȴ̵ǵ㵽Ϊֹں򣬵֮ǰ֮ںĻŭţÿꡡ
˵Ǳһ;δָܹ㣬ʱϳ¸׷񲣬ʦֹʶޣֻԼӿͷ֮⣬Ҳûָܹ㡣
ʶܹģ˹䲻ܿ͸ڹУȭþȴȷޱȣʱָˣȻ°빦
ںʹ緹֮Ϳʼϰһֱʱͣ¡
ʱԺŴ죬ǧ˽ԺڷźãִӲȡƲˡ
⼸յʳǧơģΪ֮Ů˵Щˮ֣ٲԼԣʳҲḻࡪǼȻֻѡܳ湦ٻġ
Ǳںͣ£˱һͬʳûǰĹء
ǱȻ˫ۻδָҲ˰һţˮ㱻ʳǱ֮ǣƮɹһһڣڶá
ǧǲģñҲضá
ÿʱںĽ֮ɫ
֪ʲôʱܴܲﵽʦֲΣҲܳԷ֣
ǧεҡҡͷ
˳Եúܿ죬㷹ϢһǱʾںͼǧһԹۿÿ극ǧﶼһԼֵϰ䣬Ҳ⡣
ֻǣûںȭãһŶ롣
˭
ںüȥ֮ˡ
ڲͳ٣ûжٹأûŵĵ˱ںһʶʧ˼䣬ͶԳǱ˵Ǹ峤ҪҳͳҲˣڴأ
һ⻰Ǳǧ֪Ǹŵġ
ǧﵽϸͳҲˣҪʲô飿
֪Ǽͳ죬ԭ޲ĳͳ죬޲ȥ֮󣬳ڼǿÿһĲ嶼ǿڲʮֹֻǱ˴˹˼ɣ໥Эڲλ
Ҳ֪Ǳͷ˵ǺѻյĻйأƺҪյĻˣ
ˣǧԣһ
νĻ˻ˣҲǻգ֮ˣⱾû飬ľָµľǣϣȻҪѡ
ң⻰˸˵ľ彻棬¹滮֣û˻׷֣˭Ż˵ĻᣬԼô
ңиε桪
ϸ˵вв嶼ѻգ޲ѻ֮һľ޹ҲΪѻյΧܲμӻˡ
ڣ޲ԶݣڲΪѪѻգѡһѻѪͳĻˣȷʵбҪ
ֻЩ飬ΪҪϳʦǧʣʱգǲǱг֣Իǳơʦ
֪һɫ
Ǳ״ǧ֮£ұҪȥۿһȥҲ޷Ǵʲôóĳ⣬Ҳλᣬһ֮
£Ǳֽںͼ䣬ǧԼලԼǱ뿪ˡ
·ϣǱͷһڶʱǣʶ֮չȥ
ڵĳǱޣ˼㣬һӾͽռزСĸۡУۡκӲ˫׽š
Ǵе̸նס
Ҫ㲻ȣöҵͳ죬Ҫţ
ûʵ鶼ǣʲôòģֻȺ£أ
ǰҲ֪ǲ壬ԭǸʲôӣຣǿ㣬Ҫ֪ô
⼸Ȼڸ̸ۣ֮ߣȾϵһͷ
λͳ죬ĳлλֻǻ֮Ҳգǲ屾ٳôΪһһأ¡
ʲôˣ㻹ǳʲôõĵģ
һ
ЩǱУ˽Եɡ
֮£ҪĲߣľǵĸ߲㣬Щ˼ȻȥٲҪЩ·;Įԭ鲼ΣЩ֮˶ʧСĸ˵ʧ
Ǳ˴˲Σ㲻Ͼǿƣ֮˻ᰵɱ֣ҪѡзѡڲֻٲҲҪǧ˰ˣڲһŶ֣һ϶Ԫˣ
ڲ۽֮û˸ʧȥĿܣܹóܳãһͳǿһ£ڲ죡
Ǳһʡ
ֻǣڲϾսߣǻ˵ԵֵЩôģ
Ǳûгãͱ˽⿪ˣǽ⿪ˣǴеĳߡ
ҪˣʱǲλлȻսʤ޽ΪĻҵȣȻǣҲǰ;
ɤż󣬻жû˿⣬ں˾˵ڷԸ
˻һ䣬Իҵʹ˹
аͳԣڲ֮ˣϷ̣ϷѾȥܿͻصˣʱһ
û˵꣬ͱϣ
Щ飬ȥţǲЩ˳֮գд˻֣
Ϊаͳ족֮˵£һ˳գΪľǺãΪľһ壬ҵȶǳȻӦ֤ȫ
׼ͳ˵ò£Ϸȴ
ţ˴˵˼䡣
Ǳע⵽ͳڵ˽ŻݣֵܹĳͳӦǷֳһаͳΪףһ׼ɡ
Ǳ˼ţǰһתһ䣬¶š
Ŀĵصˣջ۾롣
ʱеİ˾˴󺺣ѭ˹


410 ֪ǲ

źƽ˫ϡ
սʤ޽˳зꣿ
óǱУ˷׷תͷɫ졣
ǱĿһɨ龰۵ס
һ˸߾˾ˣһˣȻƣΪȴĿӢŨüۣǻһװȻΥͣһˣΪ֮沿ͷģһ˫ͭ۾׺
ȻǾɫηηʣ˾ݵ΢ԣǸƣӢŨü֮ˣϣ̬ݣŭ
ЩӦþǳͳˣƿһƴߣʺȻͬ˵ȨˣڲǿȻҲֱͦˣηڿƹʣʵһҪλȻսս
ǱţǰȥЩ鶼ľ֮£Ǳֻǹͣڲ䱻ڻϿҲõᣬǷܳ˷ˣҪֶκ
ڳǱ۲ڶͳ֮ʱǾҲڿۡ
սʤ޽
޽Ϊճаأܵһ֮Կһˣδʧ֣˼Ȼսʤ֮ܿܡ
ΪǸߣ޽Ӧӣһսδ۹ۿ֮˻㱨޽ڼ֮ھͰˣûüʩչֶΣͱɱ
Ҳб£Ϊ
˵Ҳǡ
֪ľǰأ֪޽һֽ֮쳣ȴ֪ﵽ˺εȲΣԣȻȳǱսҲΪһ㣬ΪһǱҲ޴ӵֵ˵
ЩȻѹͣڳǱʲôؿԣɫǰȥ
ղţ֮ǰǱ˽֪Ǳ˴˼ежԣζԼ;ڣˣڻ֮ʱ͸֣֮󣬳ոǱ
ˣǱúǾѾ˾
βѻջˣͲΪʲôȨûбҪ˼ЩˣǰؼҲͰˣңڽһһʡ롣
ֻǣ߳ǱδжǱһɤžͺ
ţ
⿪ںǳģȻ֮סһ˫ͭ۵Ĵ󺺣ֻվ𣬶ųǱһơ
ǱûӦͼæаͳ죬˵
Ŷ˾аͳ졣ǱǴһۣĿתһߵӢӣô˵Ӧþ׼ˡ
аͳǱǴԼĿһתֿˣʼձƽɵвҲ֪ԷΪߣӲֻʵ
Ҫȥģ
⻰Щ֪ʣǱǿԱ߻пλ߹ȥģ⻰ͣ˲ӣаͳ졣
аױЩŭĵȴĪһ
׼һ
Ȼ书ǿҵƿһ壬±ǿ׳ף˴˼ʵǧһ˾ѵﵽҵͷϣȻˣͱعأһ䣡ôô򣡡
һˣ׼ɸɿһڵ֪Ϊʲôطҵȶһͳ죬±ǧ۵飬ϵ˵˥;еİΣء
䣬һʹӵȥӹǳ
ʹת
׼ɵһϯ뽫Ǳŵһλãȷ˴˵λ죬Ӹ£ﻹί
ȴɫ䣬׼ȻǱϸΪڲЩϵҪõλôһǺλǺǵġ
ʹȥܿ죬ӻҪűĩβ
Ǳ״ҡҡͷ˿а׺׼ɣһЦ¶˰ɭɭݡ
֪ǲ
һ˵󣬵ÿ˶ȴһϸ룬ֱĤ
ʹ
Ŵͳ죬ͬеһʹ̧
аɫһ䣬ŭΪǱһЦһ͵һӣ
Ա߰ϱűյͱƵϣΪƬ졣
һǽڼжʱʵҽŲУӰܶȻһִֵʿ
ڷ֣ˤΪţһӵ˶࣬ⱾʷмصļֶΣû뵽֮˶ѧˡ
øۡǳסڼȴаͳźţȻûи˿ӡ
Ǳ˵·ϣڶͰ̽һڼ˵ĺôӵùȥ
״Ҳ˵Ӱһ֣תɢΪؾֱ
䣡䣡䣡
к
žžž
Ķȴһξ飡
ֻһһգ˾ſڵϡ
꣡
Ӳĵ飬УЩڼʿһţڵأϵŴѣ
¡
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ҲǾ޽ҲԸưոݣ񲻻ˣǱĻȻһо쬵ģλǸɱ
ţǱüͷֵһðͷȻɱӺ̫̫鷳ˣҲգٸѣ
˵ţ޽ǼڳôҲ֮ˣϵǽҪʡ
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ԣҶʣȥ֪ͨʵĴ˵˵ȰģҪ
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ôԣֱӵ˼ۣЩԥʹ˸ɫֱŻعͷȻԸҵȻֻǵطλڳУȴͳƿأԽ롣
޷ֻܴ·Ǳ˵ţһͬ븮ȥ


411 ЪŰ
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֮ǰ޽˵ľɲǰź󾶶һ㣬ʱȣͬն
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Ǳ˼ȻԷѲ֮ȻҲƼ˳Ǳһҽ䣬һ˹
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λֹ֪λǺǰľɹ飬Σ壬쳣׿
ⷬ˵ĻʶǱģֻһƤƬ׺ģ˾ù졣
Ǳﰵ棺֮˵Ȥƺÿ˶޻ֻõЩ֣ǰˣֻ·̫ˣʱġ
ǱţĴҲɻ󣬵׷޽꣬˾飬ǳֱǰһʵΪסڵĳڲ峤ǨۡܳУ̽һвýĵ
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ԶֵϣԭפۿǼǱˣΪֿɿԶԶһȦȫأҲľҲû˼ˣһɢ
лȺ̽ӣԸ壬Ҵһȥͳ졢峤㱨ּһңҰ²ᡣ
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һߣһǽլУոմڲۡص׼ɣں̸߽
£Щ嶯˺޽սǼڳ
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Ŷ˵Ĳ㣬תˣǱӿ£׼ɣϱЦЦ
ǰ졣׼Ҳ˵Ϊ֮ߡ
Ǳͷǰƺ󹧣Ҳ죬Ǹܻգ˵ɾֻͣ
Ǳ˵һ룬ſһ£ɻӿ
ٶ죬ת۾ͳ嵽׼ǰǰһˣϣʱһȼգǷ͸Ƥǣֱ
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ֻһ˲䣬׼ɾ͸еͣǱ͸ˣ
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㣡㣡Ҷ֣ѵ׼ɲһʿȫͿ̿
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гŨŨʣƻĺܺãһжգΪλͻȻ̣ܵһͿأһ濾Զ
Լ̫ߡ
ǱҡͷеϣֵءҵҪѧһӣ˾飬ְΨеΪ򵥣һһӣȱģҲǳȨ֮ˣΪԼܼʲôֻҪ峤ǲ廹ǲ壬أ
Ǳ˵ţһЦ׼ɣһԱߵļͳ峤ת
һɺԣһɺԣ峤˭סģɱңҪ˵Ҫңڲĳ֮λҲԱסϽջһҲǣݺҡ
׼ɿаһյˮ־ʧѪ̼ȹʱѣſڵأҪ
Χ֮ˣ׼ģһ˿ɢȥ˼ۣһԲĸ뿪
׼ɲǼԼ峤һѣһ׼ӣ洫ݣҲ˻֮˾ˣ׷׺ˣ䲻ʱ뿪Ҳҿˡ
أ׼ҵĺԽԽֱͣš
ڣĴ£ɫ䣬һǰĳǱĬ
˸ղֻתǰһʧ˺ɽɫתͷȥ֪ص˳Уţ˳䣬峤˼ӡ
Ǳһ·ֱУǽǼ䱻ĳɾҵ鷿Ŀһתϡ
ʱָܻԭģκ֮ͬһͨһ㡣
Ǳǰһ̤ͷһ֮ڣ͸ɫ塣


419 ʮ
꣡꣡꣡
ɫϴܸӿܺƳһ䣬죬Ĺġ
ԭڷУϰŲ鱾гǾδƶ
ʵϣ޽ƹľǣһ޲峤е֪˳ܣ֪־֮󣬾ͰٰСģҶƽҲҴ⡣
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ö֮ͳ⸱ģ
ڣƽ˲֪õܣȴϵɹɫޱȣһ֣ͳųǱȥһ
ԭˣܹŹŹ֣ϵҵʶȻˡ
Ǳţһȭ˳Źϣֱͦͦײܡ
ȭ֮ڣųǱһ˿
ȭͬȭ˳ϵֱ֮ڣƬռ䡣
ֺͺˮƽ羵ֻԭ鲼еһӰѾڡ
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ܿ죬Ӱͣ٣һתۣӿ£ͨһֱƽˮ档
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ӰһˮУױ㷢ų֮ҪӰȥɢų֮ȻһЩɫסںϣȻΡ
ԭǳǱ֮ǰͷ꣬Ϊ˵ֿ;нֳȥ꣬ͰΣܵǱ⣬Ҳ˳ϵףһ֡
ڣȭӰЯһ˿УñųȥκгǱǱڣһһ⣬ϣת۾ȥ˳
ȥӰҲ谭ˮ֮Уˮѡǻ
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䣡
ӰȻ飬ΪǵȭƬÿһƬУһ˿ԴԳǱ
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ʼʱֻһ㣬ֲˮ䶯Щ㽥ɢռģȻ˴
ܿ죬ˮУͶֹ⣬໥ϵû©
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ˣ
Ǳͷһͷ
һ̣λǰԶ΢Ĳ
һʼȲ󣬵ܿͼ

𶯵ľңڵĸоϵ¿֨죬·Ҫɢһ㡣
⣬Ĵ龰һҲ֪ܲȻģģŹ֣壬ΪʲôҪղŵȫ䣬ǿ֪ͳǱйأڿٶⵣ粨
ĴʱͻȻһâ
âɫۣͣ˳ŹâȥֹԴܣֻ𶯵ķ̫ңģˣԭڷһᣬ˦˳ϻҳɢڹâ£ſŷ
ڵĹâͻҳӳ£վеĳǱӰģǰ𶯵ܣͷһϲӿȻֹ

Ǳ³һ֣ʱ˷ӦεضУѸС
ͬʱڵĹâһ֮⣬ǿң̼Ĵ۴ʹòתͷۣԶǿ⡣
һɢȥ˫ĿڿȥʱֻܿǱվԭأȴѾʧˡ
Źâ룬ĴûпСһĻ
棬֪Щ飬ǳԳǱ֣֮ûоУóȻѯʣֻϸϸųǱ
ʱĳǱұƮһֱֱۣ֮Ѫܡ֯ûйѪ⣬ȥЩˣȴɢһϢ
֣֮ʱһᣬĴԣΪǸղ˦鱾֮һǱġ
Ǳͷ鱾۾ƽϵĸ֣˼
ʮ䡷
Ϣ֮󣬳Ǳ΢΢ҡͷеһ䡰ͷôֵ֮ĴָһڷĨĸʱʧŸֳոµ֡
±
ЩǱⱡŵУеһʱ΢΢һ
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ˣʮɽˮ֣ʺϷޣдΪʺ㣬ҲգȻƾУȰ
ǱĻ£еǿֹͣ˲
⣬ĴǱƺ໥˼ۣûҶ˵
󣬳Ǳתݣ˵䣬Ȼһ˾˳ڲۡ
֮ʱ֪Լ峤аײ׼ɲȻɧƳǳأ
ϵѹͻ䣬ɱһˣˣЩҲвֻǵĳǱʵŲòʱͷ
һʱ䣬Σһ
ԴһĪչ챾ŵòᣬû뵽ոհǱظΪֳ飬塢ͳ챻նϵǣ㣬֮£ֻڳǱ
ǱᣬǵȷԼ𣬲òһʱѪ
ѡµ峤ʱ£ҲľǣڽΣͿԼˣìܶЭãǲҪˡڿ£ûн֮£ҲгͻԼ˼
ⷬΨΨҷЩϣʵ˵˳аأܵȫ֮Ȿǳ⴫ĲţڲҪƣ֪
ǱԷ˵꣬ͳԴϣڴӴްأñãҲô̽ˡ
־ȥɢﻹʲôأעԸֻȥ
ǱסǼԺУںա
ʱţ׾Թ϶
һתۣѻջ֮սǵ·̽Զľǵļ׼Ҫǰȥ
գǱںͼ֣ǰͨǰӣ׼ϣˡ
֪ˡ
ǱӦתͷһں͡


420 һ˳ǧ
Ǳ֮ȥں;ͼĳ̫ˣһˣһ£Ǽˣ
ںʱϰ䣬Ͽ飬˵Щ仯࣬׻ˣزס£ǰ֮ؼʶһ˻㱨⼤
λˣͬһ㣬ľڵǿ׼ãм֧ѻ壬λ˵ĻᣬһѹһҶֵ޲ơ
в׼ɲаײոܵشδ˽ǵĲ壬ҲߴͳĲ壬׼λᣬ׳
һЩߵ壬˼𣬻ҵµĿɽԶľǡ
ȥȻ˲Ըȥ͵ģΪ׵ڲ
Ѽϼܰĵ˳֮λȴòȨҶŶûܼ̳УΪ˳ϡ
ڲڵĴν죬һǲ֮ˣΪλ仯õף
һȴڲϲŸѹҪĲ尲ΣòЭίȫνͷöʱҪϺڹһ˼ûС
ǣһٳɴµ׼ɺа壬Ϊǰ峤֮£ҪǨŭڲϣʹλ峤ʵл䣬̤峤֮λ˷ܣѹҪֳ߿
ֵһǣǻģ׼ͳ죬ȥ
һȥ֪ԼΣգڳʱ˵˲֪־ѾʧΪǱ˳Ǻһ֮ԲΣһ˳ǣƿ϶仯ʲô鶼пܷ
ĵ˵ԸȥμѻյĻˣ뿪ľǣ飬޷޷õǱ֧֣һܳģֻ˰ڲ
ڽǣԸԼһ˫ŮڳͲһʵڲУ
飬岢ͬ⣬Ȼںͺǧ£ǿϼ̳ˣʵҲһֱʡ
ȻˣЩ飬ὫĹϵĸԼĶŮֻ˵ͬǰȥ֮ؼ棬ںͲ֪ǰԣ˷ܣʱţڵĳȥˡ
Ǳ״ûʲôں̿࣬⣬ҲԭҳǱλҲڴ֮ͬȥ˼
ǣЩҪġ
ע⵽Ǳ̬ںǿѹס˷ܣͷѵ֪ԼղЩ״΢ġ
ϵǣǱδ˵ʲôֻǵҽ̸ļ׹ķţô
ں͸æͷ
Ǳһ·ʶ¼˲ٹֳ꣬ʶһǧܽ˼ȭŹһµʱڸں͡
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ںͻǵͷųʵʦ㴫ҵķ׽ʲô֣
ǱҡҡͷһûãȻұ·ϣҲͲ˷˼ȥˣģá
ô˵ڹķʦԴģں־֮̾⣬ԼȡҪúõһ룬ˣҪģԵʱһ¾ͽԷס
ں˷ܣеڹķǳǱܽһڹص㣬ֿǵںͱʺԶɣʶģ˵ݣ֤ʵУŴڳȥ
ڹͬͨܽ˹ɣƷϣƷӽƷĳ̶ȣ޼ɺٶȣͳǱ书·̫ͬ
ʶȺ˲˵־;γһӰÿǱ̤߼̨ʱЩ˾ͻжһǱսܣͻɢ俪¶
Ǳγԣʵ˲ٹвƷ͸Ʒ׵ģưҲܴڹƷȽ׶пܣ֮أڲСڸں̫Ʒ׵ĹǻǸ
ƥ
ߣںͻڻУһߣǧɫȴб仯ԹۿǱںͣ˳ǱʻƷζһζ
Ǳһۣûж˵
ţ붯ǰá
ϣڵļڲ߲ȺʱһǱӭȥ
ǱߴߵļЩУȥʰһ£϶б޻һ·Ҫ߰졣ѡ
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˳ǱĻȰ˼䣬Էȷʵû˼żǰڡ
ڶಿ幹ɣҪǰ֮أѾڳ⡣
Ǳһ·ϣ·վΧߣפۿź桢ηʹޡָı飬ԳǱ˵Ҫ֪Լ̤˳ǣ´ٻʱͲ֪ʲôʱˡ
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ۼ˲ˣǸľսʿЩսʿԴӵһĲƥգ񱳡ȣȥ׳˶
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𣡡
ڶսʿʱŵ
޹ģֱ
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ʿʢľӣƾѪܽз𶯣δսȻ磡
ԲЩʤǿǧƼĹ
£ŨҵѪϢŵ⣬ҪԳǱ׵壬ȻܵΪǿң˶ϢУŲأ־ӽСļˣһҪڵϡ
Ȼһǰ飬ڶಿ廹н٣ᣬǱһһ֮Ժ;ȡ
Ҫ֪ǧˣɱȵͺͷһǧں֮ǿˣʬɽѪ̤ˡ񣬵ʵھľ
Ǳȴɫ糣촽һš
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˷䣬ӹǰˣǷ缲
磬һŴеУǧսʿһǣڱ˲ֱҭס˵ĸоǳĺȻֹ
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ǰһϢȺ鼤ܣ糱һϢϢģžȷ˾ȣʹΧһգϰµģǹһȭһӴ˿մ
ϢǧսʿڴӼлһҴϢͷððǣǱĿУһ˿η塣
һ˳ǧ


421 
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ڳ⣬ֳž֮⣬ȴİֻǶͻȻ£̫ġ
лǼһЩϢġ
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һսʿҴϢţЩɫԲ԰ףϢãںһ㡣
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վǰ桢ʩǼˣҲɫ䣬ǸղŲû𣬵ľ绹ǶԼӰ죬Ƥۡ
ǣǱվţĿԷֻǿ˵һ֣ôƣǧͥ⣬Ҹʤһѹ£
⼸˵ĳǱʵŻڼǱİǰ˵ĶΣ飬ѻջ֮ʱ˻ֱɱΧľ
ңһǰڷ飬ԼӰ첻СֺͳǱ˳ʹʱЭҲλᣬ׳׳ƣռϷ磬һ·ϲ̶ĻƿؽȨ
û뵽ƻõ飬ʩеʱ򣬷ͻ䣡
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ڲԣĴҲڹ۲ڶսʿ̬ޣСҲʦշһЩ鿴͸ͷһʶ֮µԶӰ죬Ц
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ոǱܶ˵º㱻ΪڲʹĺڲޣľȴûˣңǼ˶ԳǱҲͶ֮ģԾʱڲа
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Ĵܿ飬ͳͲ֮ҲŭҲ֪ǹܴˣΪ˷ֹǱǰȡ
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Ͼ˶飬ֳΣֶΣ۹Ž񡢻򶼲⣬ǱҲЩûͳȨԼͳϴδѡ
ʵǶ¼Ҳ˳ǱһЩ鷳ֱڶｨţЩ鷳ܺù·ٳʲô飬Ǳ䲻η壬ɶġ
ߣεаײаڣԼ׼ɲ׼ʲߵǱߵ
ܹλͳǱҲйϵǱ˵峤û˽ǣԪڣɻܱλ峤һΣͳϮ˳дͳλá
峤ĻУĴ˹
һԵ״æǰ
ĴΪͳǱҲʲôľǰμ⣬ڲ֮ڣǺȺò£ȻҪܵ
˵ʵ࣬ԼӴͳҪϹϾûйְְΪĳǱƴӣ£ĸ˽ҪϣҲһ־硣
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еĲˣǳϲִһ壬ӰСҲֻǺ֮˵䣬һž͸ϳ
ܿ죬ڶͳ졢峤λ˵ĳӣλ벿֣ҲĳݣֻǳΧģڲսʿǴѡʿ
ԭͳ˼ڲЩˣ;
ԲָڲܻȫֻŻᣬڲĿԳĨɱϾǿܣְ»ãʱһڲ׳󣬵ȻһˣͿɳˡ
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˳Ǳ֣ն峤ꡱңʵڶಿ壬й˼ɣͲҹڱȣ⼤ŭǱа׺׼ɵĺ󳾡
ճǱѯʳԵһɶðȻնɱ׼ɣǰ֮û˸ԼЦ͸ıԣټڲˡ
ȡڲ帺ػٲ˹ĶǣǱһ˼˼ûȤ֮֮ͣ
ǴЩ棬һЩͷ
˳Ľ񣬵սң޳ĪԱΪֻѹǣһЩ鷳
ڳǱ˼ͬʱǰսʿŸͷ
֣УΪЩɣһ϶кëǣɫ䲻йϦ¹֮ƻ
һ棬Ҳѻ֣ԹŴС
ȴ֣ɳбߣٶȲ޺Ͳԭ֣ʺϳ;棬ⷽ绹ûƵУǵܳ;ϮԺɨ½
ʿвٿŵ·;ԶԶ;лЩǸԤġ򲻾Ӷᣬвɱһվڱӣʱ˾Ҫˡ
ʱ򣬳ҡһ䣬ͳһ֧ݺȥ
·ϻƽ
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ľǵ֧һ·ϣ˶ϣûг֣ҪȻ֮мƽϡ
һнٶȣպԭ󣬳Ӿ͵ִ˻֮صΧ
鷳ˣ鷳磬ƫԴѻ֮ڡ
ӣһؿ
˵ǹؿʵѻղõһ㣬࣬˾ǿĲܹϣײҵ
ʲô˵ľǵĶ˱ԭϸôܣ
ؿǰ׼ʲһȻ


422 һ
Ҳ̫λҰĵȴҶ˵ܿͻᴫˡ
ؿǲܹ䣬е쵹Ҳ˵ľһ˵ĳӣﰲ
еҶҲǲܹΪ޲εļˣͷС滹йѹš
ľǲܹͬռ˲ԭʹĮеǳأǹ
ѻջˣǲܹ𣬻˵صҲǲܹǣλڲԭʹĮ紦Ĵ
ܹ¹Ҷ޲֮һ
˵Ҷ֮ӦǡɺߡڡѻշѣûóȻɺο˲ܹ֮⣬лһΪʷռ崦ǳأλߡ
ܳƺܹ֮˱Ϊ壬ɴҲܿͳһգưĴ㡣
μԭ֣ǴΣҲòܹᣬ˻֮٣鴫
Щ飬ľ֪ͬ±ܹ֮סȥ·ǹؿﵽλ޴ޣֻʱס
ֻǹؿ˵ʱ򣬲ʱȥ
ΪľǵĳҲҶΣؿ˾ͬλΪλܷڣͷεûܵõֻǿܡ
һľǵҲܶ˶֪ľ졢޲Զ룬˵ͶǲǲѻգԾϢǰľ˵ıֻһĿȻġ
ؿסӣǳˣɾǴ˴λ˵Ļˣа˾Ŵͳֻɫ˶ܿŽ£˴ӵţûȨǹǣɢһֽС΢ζ
¶֮û˵ٻֻԵļ䣬ͱһԣҪ潻ģ׼ʲޣľѡĻˡ
ˣľǵγȷʵֻǸܣ󣬺޵λԣҶ˵ļƲߺܿܳɹľǣѹλҶȻ֮󣬹ƺҶ˵ĵλˮǴߣ˵չ
Ŵ˲˳ɹ֯ɢԭΪһͳ߳ƵڣΪ󺹣ںͿɺ֮£Ϊеλ֮ˡ
УΪɺֶʵ͵̫ӡ̳˵ķţ䲿۾֮ضΪڶʵ֮ˣһ֮֮ϣλܴﵽλԭ
޲Ŀģڻʱƺܵõţ
ʵܹҶ˴ԽңΪ֮λνɹͨŹκܹץסĻᡣ
£޲ע⵽ǰôһܹá
뵽ؿ찵ЦȺˣΪƳһܣռñˣ˳Ϊľǻ޹һںıһλãȨⲻ֪һɨأõ³ҲһҶ˱ˣҼҴ˽֣
תͷϻЦĺ㣬þŴͳҲֻõͷͬ˽һЪڵڶսʿԭפ
ûãйؿʳ;ˮ˵Ҫͳӡ
ǧսʿ֮ϲڶãҲڣĽ¡
ںλʵٳҲΪܹÿͣµóͬͬһƬ
һϣǱϥĿ˲ҴţֻƵǱ֮Ӫ֮࣬ڶؿȻɻ󣬵Уδֹ̽Էɡ
ڣǱƽƶ仯ʶԴ֮ʵĸ롢ۣʱѽӴǲٽ㣬ƫƫѹƣԸƿ
ۣۣۣ


ؿԶı߲ԭϣһƬӪӣ˼ٵ
ӪвӪݶѣսʿһԭľۼ㡣
Ӫ룬һǶߡ󡢿Ⱥ
һ·죬ֱʱϷͣ£ԭƥٳ۳ҵĿӪ䲻٣;ȴ谭ɼʶ֮ˣһ⣬ϵһĳ
֮ڣۼимյк裬ʮ˷ԣźţ˵Цţֽ׷ס죬Ŀһ֮ˡ
һӣԼĪʮ꣬һװָ§һű¶ƬƣŤˮһϣЦ绨
ӱЦźʳͣͻȻֽɫһִֺڵüëһһ͵һҧѿ飬Źͷһͬ£ţ·ϥص֣³һ
˵
ֵȭǣҶˣľһѵϱ߹ؿδ˽£δ˱ǲͨ
ããã
ǶĴӣȻǴ˴θڲܹϱؿ·ѻͳ֮һ޲
ֿеġδˡڹؿסľһ˵죬δһõϢ֪ľǳӵǲ˱ϱţԼ氲
޲ֿе֪Щϸں󣬾͹һЦֻһץסĲӣ˫һ˦
òڿն𣬼֮⣬ѩ׵ƤմȾ˳϶ۣʹѵȴٳֻڵ䶯
˶¾⣬Σԭظļæڵϣ̧ͷ
һʱ䣬ն䣬ԭǻЦʱ;š
޲صͷĿһתֱߵһϡ
ʱУǹȻ̧ͷڷͫȴһ˵ףźͷκͺ졣
Ҷˣѿסľǳӣԭƻ£Ƚѵһɱˣֻ˵ǱԭϸԴΪڲ鳭ӣҪƾ֤Ѻסľ֮ˡٽγ䣬ʩ˶ʩܽһ֣
˶٣ۺ룺ȺľǾһľֿɵã
ƣƣǴţ޲ⷬϲʢҪ뵽һ£ˣԣľһ֣նУܹܿ죬֪Ӧ֮
ⱻΪ֮ˣȫһ˸Ϊ̳ܳ޽˽ܣⷶȴʧȣֻţԵɺͶ޲ΪĻţΪ˼թȨıƣ޲У¶ѯʡ
ʼƣ򵭵һЦһгģ˶ǸɣȻս޽֮ˣֻҪڵλ谭ɴһƣƽˣ
˵˵޲ϲʤ
Ҷ˿ǰʾʿ


423 ıľ
Ҫǵȵʲôʱ򣿡
ؿڣ׼ʲⲽǲͷˡ
Ҳѹ֣ؿͷ黹ûиˣľﶼһͷ˵һǱǨǣȴҪȴޡ
׼ʲ֮⣬λͬüͷ壬һͷģ
Уôȥ˭֪ҪȵʲôʱһʱӰ˻ˣʱ˭⳥
аͻȻ֮ǰаͳȣаҪһЩȴԭаͳĵܵܡ
ôãͰĥˣɵþͳ飬Ҳ̽ˡ
ͳ죬м峤ӼۣĿһת䵽һǡ

ע⵽Ŀ⣬￩һֻǻûü˵ôȥʲôʱǸͷóͶԷһ¡һ·ϣԭԶбԭϸ
п࣬Ҳ֪ͬпԣй˼ɣӦġǱΪˣǳ¶֣Ȼˡ
ʱ򣬼ͳ췴ʱ˺ͳǱ֮٣֮Ϊľǵһӣһ˿ڴ
ʵҲκôһֻ֣Ϊ֮ǰļײܵЩǱˣľֱܵıš
룬Щ⶯ҪԣͻȻ洫һ
ô£
ͻȻĸɻҪ˹ѯʣͿһ˽
ע⵽˱飬˶ͷһ˲֮У
λͳ죡ˣղŲܹͻȻǳӣץ˼˳ȥ˵ǱԭϸնɱˣǶţۿžҪˣ
ʲô
һ
ʲôʱ£ΪҵȲ֪׼ʲüͷһ壬ʵ
Ǹղţֱӽȥףץ˾ߣһӾͿͷ״Σк
ʲô˼淢ʲôߣҲȹҵֱͨץˡɱ˵ĵ׼ʲ޵˵ţֳ֮ɫ
ⶼʲôʱˣ㻹ƽаڵͺһתȥ˼Ҷ۵ͷˣôࣿȻعѶҪ˶ˣаײûųϰߣ
ʱҾ֪è壬ǲܹ֪ʲô⣬˳Ϊľˣû١
˵ţתͷЦһûôףɱ޽ɱ˳֣Ҳѵܹһؿͷˣ
£аƿţ˳ȥ
ⷬаֱָ̡׼ʲޡ
аײ׼ɲһֱʵ˭ѹԷһͷìܲϡ𿴶ǱһţҲǱ̼֮δ٣һлᣬͻ˴˴
׼ʲȴǷûз༥ǳ
ʵֻаڣ֮ҲĹŹ֣ӱ˵ǻ˱ԭϸŷο֮мǰ˳ͨ˹ؿԱ֮£Խʡ
аͳ˵òҪˣȻ
ڳûдˣۿа˳ȥͳӼۣ˵š
ûıǶ¿ľ鷳Ȼ뷨ǲܹ㣬Ұġ
ε飬ܾܿ̽뿴ǵĵߣʣôţԺˡ
ϧǲ֪ҲǺǵģ˵ģ³
ͳţƶӣҪ뿪ӡ
ʱ׼ʲ޵ͷλ˵öԣˣҲһζɣǹȥʣȥ֪ͨ˫¡
ԣ
ԣ׷׵ͷֻóǡ
̶˽Զû£ǲܹûеֱ棬һӣ;ֱųǱȥ
׼ʲ޵ˣؿƶ;ĲܹǣĿԵЩ죬ûǰ
⴦ؿʵҲһСӪأڣΧľɵդνؿʵҲդɣ¼ȱڣͨС
Χһɽ룬룬ǲԭһĲ岻óɽԽ룬ùؿסǡ
߳ܿؿդդһߣۼ˲ˣ󲿷ľǳӺսʿֵģУľ֮⣬һЩ·ɢ֮ˣҲ棬һֵļơ
ԶԶģ׼ʲ޼˱㿴ȺУаһŭĺؿ콻̸ʱ𣬴ߵĽЩеҲˡ
һЩˣôͳ˱ԭϸˣǴС򳤳ɣ˵ˣȶǲ˵ٺ٣
ߣżʬ壬ʬͷİ̿ںڲϣ֮ľѪǸձնײá
ԭЩ˾Ǳؿֱ׼ļˣаײˣûˣаڹȻŭڳ嶯ͶԷۣɶˣʾͲͬˣͷ
׼ʲ޵һ˿˽龭֪ļ棬׼ɲ˺ҲüͷֱĶؿ졣
ؿ조δʱ˵ںаڶţɫƽ˵ʱÿһ䶼ߵŲţҧ˱ɱ˾Ǳԭϸ˵ľǵĳУ©֮㣬ԱţһһŲ飡
Ų飿ҪŲãôˣһһʣҲҪϼ죬кƾݣѲ˵ǾǣǾͲǣ˵濳ˣ峤Ҳõˣǲ̫СˣѲɣΪǻǰڲ
аŭڣְ䵶ĵϣ۾һԲϡεļƣʵϣȷʵ޲̴˽ǰ˸ɱˣǻУ֪˴Ųܹ棬ҪɱˣҲȥˣȥŲܹıɡ
а峤㻹侲һ°ɣһ£ݲð㺬һʱǷˣʱڴֳ˭𣿡δϴЦǴݣҲеǲܹǿʵġ
аں޵ҧгݣ﷢ıġȴ޼ƿʩ
׼ʲ޵üͷԽԽȻһԲͷתѾյԵɡ
ı˵ץס˼ԭϸ͸ˣԱ֮·ֽ˽ҵ£ܹ˳ĿѺӡ˿ıĲǱԭϸǡľǣüһôһ˵ˣľǵĻҵҪ̣
Խ룬ԽоΣԼܹ赲ġ
£ֻܿǲǻа취

⣬Ǳ۾
Ҫ赲ǰ֮أʵ


424 㣿
û
ӳ⴫ʱǱ˳Ľأû˸óȻǾŴͳ춼ĬĬԼ
ȻˣŴͳͳǱ֮仹Щң£һ㶼Ϊ
ڣҪͳǱ˵Ҳҽ복С
⳵ɽģʵֻںͺǧԴˣûбֵöôգϲζΪѰζ
˵ɡ
ǱųľȥԷҲù죬롣
ԣһһ״̬롣
Ƚϼªʤڽʵİ費࣬ĺܣԵÿռܴ󣬳Ǳ棬ǰ滹кܴһƬյء
߽֮վоһظоǴһһƬռһ·֮ںһ㣡
оͷþòȥ⣬ǵǱ磬ҲΪ档
˵ĹѾͨĵزˣǷκ飬пܣ
߶ôһ仰ͻ죬ѽշϸ˵һ顣
˵ǲܹпıҪ̲ľǣǱ֮۾
̲ľǵ϶ڴ򣬲ӦòǲܹĹǲܹѻյĻˣ˼ȫ棬һ³ɣͲǾһһأͳȫ֣ѻǧٲĹܳƴ󺹣ô֡
һһ˵ţ˼תܽǰ֯ԣһʱĽӴҲע⵽ǱϲЩ飬ƺԾջЩȤԻҲص㡣
ҹƣӦǲܹĳһҶĸ뷨ҪûϾ֮󣬺𣬵Ƿֳһ̴˿ڶģȻռƣܻøţ桢ռֵĲݳ
ڲСӦģһЩҲͨ͸֪еʱĳЩ˵Ϊϲ⣬ǳţ飬Ǳ˿ĸ׼һЩ
ǱһۣŶô˵ҪԵˣʵֻǲܹһ
ͷӦþҶ֮һ޲ֻȻµΪǴˣǱϾǲܹҶð͵ܹͻһҵţƣҲǶԷı
ǱһۣӶ˵ϣܹĲ׽η塢С΢һַĵԱУǸղһϯȴ˵۹˼άǷӳ˵ܹɾһҵ
ϧ˴Сڲ෽ѹʹЩʣ类ĥƽǣӹӹµµǰһС΢·˹ʹλ仯ЩѿĶԸı䣬ϰѷЩҪġ
Ȩˡ
Ǳٿпһ
ԭˣҵУ˼ȭ⣬¶Ҳߵ˵·ʵʵֵ룬Ǹ־ܼᶨҵ·󣬿һ·ǰУȴֻͬҲ·
ţǱϣ첨ƵȥԲ
ⲨƴӹӪڣţת۳ΧդӹŵȺ˷俪ȥֱߡ
ͷȴ˵ЩϣǱø⣬˻Щ˼˼Լɲھϣԥհǰ˺ԴӳǱİ壬ľϰˡ
˵꣬˺һᣬǱӦ洫Խңֹţ̧һƣһֳǱͻȻһѳζƻɣֻһ;ͷ̻̣æͷֱӡ
ͷһ£ɻԭǿǱٴαۣԲڼ¡
ѵԸ£⵹ҲпܣЩ飬Ӧû˼ᣬֻΪҲǰ֮أð̣֪ǲˡ
˼ǱͻȻٴδ
˵òȻжӾʻӦþԼĲܹҶ޲һʱǾͽʱӿпܱ֫⡢ѺȻƣճľǣ
ЩֳǱΪλ֪Զ龰Ǳνֻͨ⼱Уң
Ϊľǳǲǿܣ޲Ҫռľǣ;Բңڲò׹˼ӣʹǳΪܣҲðȣʧȥЩס
Ǳҡҡͷܷס֮λԼ飬ܰһʱﲻһ뿪֮㻹ģڲֻʱ⡣
Ҫ뿪ԣңȻ˲²⣬Ǳȷʵ˵Ǹеҡ
Ǳ϶ȻԶľǣҲã֮أͱƻΪ֮еһվпܣǰֽһۣûлᣬĦĦǼмõ֡
˼һתȻǹؿѣôͽɱ˱ǡ
һ³Ǳ顣
һ£ǵʹãʹã֪˿ֻһͨؽϾܹɮ濴棬ٻҪ˼һµģǰѹڵأ뿪˵һ˻֮أ޲첻ôٽ⡣
Ǳҡҡͷ㣬֮ˣһܵһۼһȺΪܳ深ܣ򲻷书֮ͨˣĻͨڣ
׳ǱΪͻȻ˵ⷬڲһֱ棬Ϧ˼ЩȻԶԡ
ڳǱҲûش𣬸ű㵱ȨΪιȨıֶ֮⣬֤ǲܹƴ󣬱ȴǹ죬һǧֻǵС
ǱĻû£ȻʧһȻ
ţɻҪһڳǱԣ޹ȥûã
ʣǰڳô²ܹδ˷ؿǰһҹ
⻰Уɵһ˵ԭЩ𣬵Ǽ̣ǽľǳĹؿؽ֪Ϊγ档
ӶԷԼһ˿΢ĲЩ¡
⵽ô£ɻһԵĳǱѾվ
ö룬ҳȥĳǰ֮أĿıͺǲͬ
£Ǳһ̤󣬺Ŀ˳һɨͰϵ龰Уʱͷһ


425 ȥ뵽
ǱӪУԱ߾ǼΧ˲࣬ԵƧ
£һ߳ȥŷǰվ˲ˣϤľŴͳ峤һأĬ
Ҳмʶģվǰӣȭͷһ֮ɫ֮ǰ٩٩̸̬ݵĹؿؽδ
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Ŀɿڴǰ֮Щ˼֮ǰδȻְʱ̸оģͲܹľҲƹֱϾޣġ
£﹧һ˿־壬ȫޣ
Ҳ֪ˣ뵽Էеĺ壬˲²⣬תһ룬ȴӺͿǸղûгְ
ɻУĿһŷ֣һվδߣŵɫӣͦñֱòͨһ˫ֱųǱ
ˡ
һʱϸоһ˿ѹֱͷ֮С
˵ƺþˣҵĸоȻеƿʱĸܣ
֮ʣǱҲδƶǽ˵ϣĲ׽˶ԷԪ仯
Ԫڣڶ⣬ѭԪ
Ǳ΢΢ۣǽɫ΢䣬оâ˸ľâ
һ̣ǱԶͻȻ䱻紵һ㣬֨죬ԱߵҲеĿһϣѴĸо米ϸѹѹһվȣڵϡ
ԶںͺǧҲ״ҪǰȥȴԱľ峤ס˵֪˵Щʲôܵɫ֮粻ƵƵ
ǱҡҡͷҲʲôƮ½ƽһᣬʺͱѹȻʧ˻ЩҡΣ»̡̻
Ƥһ˳ǱһۣͻȻתͷԵδ˵˵влնһ֣
δɫһף촽ƺҪ˵ʲôײҷһ䣬ڵϣ̵˶٣Ȼһҧâһǧܶ˵ľУնԼ֣󴦶ʱѪע
˼״ĵ˵ͷȻǰһųǱȭǰʦղŸӦ֪ԭί֪ͨǰָָδūŲ֪أѾܵͷ֪Ƿ⣿
Ǳÿɷ
һâȴɫʱ磬ʦʱߵ飬ǰѱ±ơɨӭᡣ
Ǳڵʦ⣬ĳ죬ֻгӣ̫鷳һ飬֮˵
䣬˻Ӧת߻
ҲΪ⣬ͷʾףŶԱɫ԰׵δ㶼ˣ̷ˣУʡ;鷳
СףδʧѪ٣ԸȴҵæӦ
˵ͷֻͷһ΢΢üͷ
ֻһۣҵġ֮ơǼʱͣ£ҶҪܵɣɼֶβ֮̽£Ϊȴδ죬ʦ˵һǹŹĪعķţҲգЩ޹أȥʦ
뵽һ˾Ŀע£ն𣬼գƿնȥ
ȥļһתۣͳ嵽ߣȻ󲻼Ӱֻ¼ĿԶȥƿˣþû졣
ǵԶȥӰڳԭء
ֻδһѪˮ飬ɫ԰ףһ뿪̾վ̧˼£ѪܺѨϣֹѪ
Щδӻ˻ΣɫԽѿƤ԰׵ܿƤѪܣԱ߼ǰδȥһߣ콫˵˻
Ƿ׷תͷȴǿȥļˣǿͨ
صʱǵ˲һζ
ΪǱ档
ղ˴ǴеĲܹǰֻԼ˵Ϊ޻̸֮Ȼģ
ľڶ峤ۼҲ٣˵˵ţпѡ
Ǳդ֮δۣ˫ãаڸһŵļƣʱжֵĿܡ
ǣͻȻ죬˶ŵ˫ͻ䣬δ˻عн˴
ǽʱɲһܹعؽԳ˵ʵУ
׼ʲҲڸпĿʼûдӳǱƿ
֮£ûʧ֪ǺãĵóǱ뷨ֻ˼ܣ֪ǱȻΪַ˼飬ԲܹȻд۸ӵĹϵҲв
û뵽뷨û೤ʱ䣬н˴һ֣ת
ţǲܹһռţ٣Ӵ󣬽֮ǲܹΧ˵ʮ㣬ѹľһͷ
ǽһȾͳδž˴ǱϢ֪˳Ǳϣż˹˵ҪͳǱ̣֮󣬾˸ղһĻǽ˷룬δؽƵĵԶһ֣
һľ֮ٵӭж⣡
ԭȻΪǱΣǰγǱʩѹľ˾𺳣Ϊ˴飬Ǳûг棬Ͱƽˣ
ǽ˵ݣ׼ʲ޵Ҳв²⣬³ǲܹһΪ֣
ƽʱֻڴг֡
ľǴǰ־Զֲӣľ˶Դ˱ûʲôֱʶڿǱƵ޼ƿʩδ˵һ仰ֻҧ֮Ƿʶϡ
ȻȻģ˺ͳǱĹϵҲ˲²⡣
˵ʲôݣΪλܹйϵöԷͷǽ˵Ļк壬Էʦн顭
׼ʲ޵˼ţԽóǱɲ⣬η壬ȴֻΪǱ壬ǼɵԷı
ǿǱȻǺͲܹһϵöԷ棬뵽ܹƣԼ֮µһЩϵɲü˲η塣
գʱ
ǱȻȥҲóȻţںͺǧЩСģŸ˿
ܿ죬вܹ˵ҪľǳȥλؿؽδȴҲûǰ¶棬֪ǲæˡ
ãľǵĳӵ׻ͨ⴦ؿͬУڽ·ϣҲЧ⡣
ľԶȥʱɳոհϵδȴǿЦ
ܿ죬Ҵҵĸ
ҶϾ͵ǲҹ֪ͨδȥӭӣ


426 Ҷŭ𣬹
ԭ֮ϣһС
Ϊ׵ģһװ޲˸󣬵ȶУݡ
޲ԱߣķҲһиͷһˣĿ
ʮ֣׳˶Ĵ󺺣ţɢһɱ뺷Ϣ
һˣյ֮ͨ󣬾ʹӴӪΣһ·ۣ;ֻһûͣ٣ʱ
ڣۿ˹ؿΧԶԶģܿؿӪصˣŷٶȣΪϽ̸
ϾҪˣ˵ط֮ҶһҪС˵£Ӣˣ֮ӯһվͻۣЩ޸֣ϲ˷УĶԲܣȴޱȣ
޲ԱߣĵĶţƺԼӲᣬ˵˼֮λķ׷˻һתֿʼȫȫķֱ󼸾䣬˵ʵ뷨
Ҷˣι̲ľǵļΣؼ֣֮ǰϢ˼п֣һͶǲܹչҪ빩ġ
²Υ棬ȴ빩֮ǰùϵǵõ˽ЧҵĻԴȥҪмӣҪ֪ǹеҲкüȥ֮Ȼλߣͬ
ʱֻҪҶ˶߷ã꺮ůģȻж£ʱҶҪʵʵĶܶһֶ֣Ϊأ
Ļ£СؿԵӡ
޲ǳ۵һ˿ײ֮ɫȴԷԺ߲δ֡
˼Ϣ޲صͷЦһ⻰˵òȹƺĵλˮǴߣ֮ϣȺһֱùϵȷʵǰһ
˵ţתͷ˷һۣЦЦĵЩʵǿ¥󣬹ؼҪһʵܺ͸ֻΪ̣ȻпܱΪҪѭ򽥽Ȼˣˣ˵׽߶
⻰ɫ΢䣬Ȼ΢һЦʲôӲҶ˵ķۣС˵˽ĹȻסġ
޲һЦڰ֣£ңȻģֱܲϣǶɣҲŵģЩ飬Ժ󲻱ض˵ǸཻҲ洦ֻǲľǳֱӰˡ
仰һ˵ʩ۷
޲Ļ˼ѾˣҪĿ껹ľǵأǸܹȻǺõģܣҲǿǱѺãڷԼĴ㣬Ҳ׼ƽϡ
Ȼ֪Ȩ̲סп
Ҷ˿ϴ³ʵ˼ϸ壬иֹ
ʱǰͻȻҵĽŲ
һ̧ۿȥʱδһȺ˴ҴҸΪ뻹Զֻǿϳ
ȶԷߵýˣע⵽δ˲԰׵ɫԼ󴦵ıƤһĵ׷ĸо
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޲˵ԭŷƻõı鼸ѾˣͻȻĳһ۹ǽˣľһ˴ȥ;

ţ޲սȭͷϹǽ𶯣죬ͷŭˣ˶ͷ
ҲɵѾƻõ飬ʮþȣ׼ոʤʵһӣѼӷ˲˵֮ǰıҲ־һ㣬޲λ߶ԣܵģǳ裡
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޲һӪأֱ߲Ҹ棬غ⣬ܿžһ죬ʲôڵϣˤ÷顣
˺һᣬͣϢ޲˳
ȥδҽ˿ǰʣн죬ߣ
ǣȥ
ڣһƬǽ壬޲Уɫһ˫źâ
ľǡ
˵ţؽҧ
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ӪΧ񣬿̬ݣһ㶼ûеΣͽȸС
ڿºЩ׷׷лƺ飬ڵأͷأгƺˡһ쳣
˲Ϊֵ߹ȥֱǶߵ
Уۼְ衢Σ֮಻ضãйװŮһ࣬ý˱
˻ǲǰţһǰ
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һ̣淺ˮ¶쾰󣬹Ӱ䶯ӳһߣ衣
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ﻹн٣ԭ֣ɽЭ˵һıʥŮҪţһǰһսҵȱŶ͵Ϯˣʱ׽֦˳棬ܺͱܾˣ롣
˵ţ̧һӣеЩ飬֪ˣܹϱߣսԶܵģЩ̥Ҷطϡ
£Ҳ£Ǿһģֱͨģ
üͷ˺һҡҡͷԱһߣһϡ
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427 С
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ŴԣǰһǱʵ
һ£ľ˶ԴǱ̬ѾȻͬĵλڳǱһ
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΢΢һЦֻǵ˹֮ˣʯλߡ
˵󻹸Űʹһĸߴ󡢻Ϲһǳģʵע⡣
վڿջſڣԣƵģýֵϹ֮ƵƵĿ
պǻ֮ڣԳ࣬סģЩŵĴƫƫЩˣڼǱȺʱɫ΢䣬˸
Щϸ΢ı仯ע⣬׼ʲȴ˼ƽϣȴɫ
ľ޹˵ռز󣬵ʤ־Աݣܹţ˵ֶЩ˥һӦڡ
׻˵úãԺɢ޽һľǴңϷľǣȻƳһܣȨ䣬˶æȨ޹ѸήһºĽ죬Ե֣ͱʳҲηľǡ
ˣλˣľ˵ŵ㣬Ǳǵġ
ǳؼ䲻ǰ۾ǰ̣һ·ȥ֪;ת֮أǵת㣬Խ׳󣬶öͣפڴˣɳǡ
˥ˣսңܹռݴ˴޽ǽǳΧѹ
ϰˣЪţģչγһС̿ջһӦȫ˳ǣǳǽ֮ڵģҲڳǡ
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ܹڳǣĵû˵ڳĶһ֮ЩʶڳôãŻţﶼԵɣɵöԳǱֹ˼ɼ֡
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ǸոסţֻǸģǱף󻹸׳ʿľ˲ҵ֮˵һ¥ȥ֪ͨǱ
ľϵĳ˴Сˣǰ֮ҲΪ⣬΢΢һЦһתԱϣ̬
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˻£˻δӦ׼ʲ޾͵һ˺Լȥֳһ㣬ϲռϢֳǰÿÿ鱨һͬ
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֮ͨˣΪֻͨʹӣû뵽Ȼǲܹ֮ӣ
ޣǾ̫ӣδĹܹԸƺǴ˾һĴ󺹣൱޻ʵۣ
ʹδ룬ǹڲܹȨ죡ֻǣ˵ʲôΪùǲ
˸Ҳнģô룬ɼԳǱӣһ뵽͢ݣĸоǱ쳣
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ǲ͢ˣЦһҲʧͻǱһ䣬ϢһȭɢȥҪֳǱȭУּɽˮζҲɱ⣬ԳѾ
Ǳһתͷһ͢͸еһգԭȭʯ뺣һ㣬Ӱ˶ʱģֲϲµĸоҲ顣
Ϊȭһ֣죬ȻʧȥзӦǱǿȥ֮С
ֻǵʧӰ컹ǿңֻ͢΢һ񣬺ܿ͵ͷϲ֪ʲôʱѲ亹п̽Ǳʵ˼ҲˣæҪ
Ǳˣе˵ô࣬ȻǴģ֪ԭԼû֮мƽϣȻѾĵ̣ȥкҲǶԵģֻܴ·
óǱô˵͢Թԣ΢΢һЦҲĥ䣬ȶУǰߣǱ
ڵ˵Ŀע£͢Ǳһ׳˶󺺾ô˳ȥûãһתʧԶֵսǡ
֪ǰ²ԼܹģԱ˴˵䣬͸Իطֻ˼˵̬ȶб仯¶һ˿֮⣬ǶǧԵýࡣ
Щ°²̸˵ǱŲ͢ԼĪյʱ䣬һ·ųȥ
ԽߣΧԽ٣Խ࣬ҲԽɼ˳ڹȺǲܹȨġ
ۿǰ͢ķһ䣬Ŷȥܿһ֮أһ԰֣ɽС
һߣͣ͢²ӣЦȭıǹס֮Ҳǰǰйȥºлᣬ͢ǰ
䣬˵һԡ
ǱͷҲ˵һնתӹʮɺ棬䵽˺½ϡ
龰̾͢Ϣһ̤飬½ɣܹҲܹضƴ󣬿ϧϧ


428 浱ԼǸˣ
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С֮ڣ¥֮ϣϥУźһͷ裬һԴǵȴǴ޵ۡ
˵ǰһ澵ӣйӰ仯¶ľ󣬲ǷڣǳֳһȣⰻȻ֮һУһɫƮǳǱ
˵ģǹԴߣԴ޷ȥݺᣬŨüۣһ׶ģ
Ļ£Աŵ߾ҡҡͷ˵Ǻ˾Ǽʶ̣˹죬ȴܺͲ񾳿⣬ΪʲôԵʣʲôطܹ˵زľͻƣˣԳ֮
ϵ֪Ū飡
ͷüëһ壬㣬ǲ㣬Ļô˵ҪʵΪʲû뵽ҹҲ©˵ףʲô˵ģ
üͷ濴һۣЦѵܿˣֵԭϮȲ˵ѩϣǵ洫ӣսʤˣ
룬Ҫ˵ڻɽ֣֪˶Էʵ䲻ҵȣսսʤ洫ӻûģܾˣȻΪ룬ϾҵҲԷġ
ͷзڿڣǳǱڴˣһϳɻɽʱߣߵ뿪óǱź
ʱһڣͽ˵Ļѹ£ҺϵչݻгһմᾧȻϱԭû뵽һ·磬ǾͲܹ̫࣬Ҫתƣֻܽһ˾һöӣ
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ʱϾб仯ǱѾ߹ȣһ¥ǰŶ롣
ͷ߱Ϊ롱ʱͷȻǾͶǣͽһ˵ĳɫΣͽʮ̫ϹȴҲЩֶΣѧ˵Ȩϣûˡ
ԱߵϵͷԣҡͷЦ
ҲգͽܳԲһɡ

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Ǳһƿţʱе֮ӵԼ棬ûƣֻǵ֡
ѭŸо߿ȥŷ֣ǽϣ˸ʽֻÿһֻУɢ˿˿¡
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⾳ܹӳ֣ԣдЩֻˣѾ־Դ
ǱĿ΢΢۾Ŀǽֻһһɨҡҡͷ
ֻ˵鷨ͻʵªǲϸ˿볰ЦΪͿѻֻ֮Щ֪֮ˣܲаأΨ֮ߣһ־֪Щǡ
ǱţǰͻȻһԲϵ
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ǰľͷһˣۣɫڣߣͷ߹ڣ룬üëϸֱؼʡ
oһ㣬˫۾ǳת˸Īĸо
ôһװ磬ֻһͻ壬еһֲַϣһƿ˵Ȩ
·ڴǰֻаݷĤݣ
ǣڳǱУȴֻһԪȹ̡ѳɵְˣ֮ԻǵϢ̲סΰݣΪԷ͸ڶľϣϣʼתΪԪˣ⼤֮£Ԫ֣
쾳㡣
һ㣬ͨϣҲ̥ϢĸƢγСУʳԪӶٹȣһɱΪ棬ǳ
Ԫ壬֮ݻڵн۳ҲǾԪ֣һ㾫Ԫ֣ױԪ
ڶ㣬ԪԪѪǱܱѧĹʽӳ䵽Ԫ֮ڣѪ⾫⾫Ԫ׳󡢹Բͯӱһյɣͳɾ;Ԫ֣вԪһ
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Ԫ̥ȴĶ࣬ã֮֮ƻҪ棬㣬͸ԪΪϣѹģҲֻһ֮䣬СԳ˺Ѱ˵ãԳǱȴûκӰ졣
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˵ţ˿˿Ʈ֮ӸڴڶУͷֻ
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ǱЦţīԨתҿɲЩǰ̵ߣȻгĳˣͲҪô໨УԼʲôˣҪնܼɣҪͼҪʹ򣡲ҪҵĻ
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Ҫ֣
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û뵽˾ԼԳ£


429 һһս
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ɫٿأǶӾϵĵɫ⻪Уһ˿ϢָܣǸž沶׽ģǵĸ֪Խ˾ֱǼ䷿ӡ
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һɿֲĻϢɢ֮ԭ׵ĺ赲ϣϢɽѹȥƣҪΧһжƽϢ
ֻһ棬ΣǱϢѹȥˣ
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Ĺͷɫ䣬¶֮ɫ
Աߣüͷһ壬תͷһԣţĿע£һǽڳ飡
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ڵߣͬ˸Ա飬Ͷ˹ȥ
׷ɵƬȼյĻУһɫӰһ󼲷㣬Ӷ롣
Ӱ߱鲻䣬˫۾Уȴ¶̬ͬо桢ȻҲзŭ
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ʱ˷ŭ֮һûйصĺ֣֮Ӧ֪ϵţǰǺ⣬㵹ãڹ£ھȻֱӴˣĪˣ
Уͷ̧һ֣ǰһģӿһɺƵ֮籡ƾʨ֮ⲢǹʱĽ֮еʨ

ˣֱǱನײǽϣ䶼ľǽɪɪ죬꿦֮ڶǱײֱѷ죡

˷䣬ɨ磬ӺСдݳȥ;ͷôһ˿ԶԶĴݳȥ
ߵ;Ĳ֮͢Ȼæתͷؿȥ͸԰֦ҶԼܿС
ķչҵԤϣҪһƣλܸܲһ⡣
˼ʱԶһ̴ӿһ͢ǰ͵ϥأȭ˵ӣѾˣǰͤȺ򡣡
˻֣ǰ̴վ𣬲͢΢΢һЦãλǰ˷ͨĸͽʶ㣬һ£λͻȻĳĳǺηʥ
䣬Χ˺˿˿Уӣǰȥ
ھ͢ԼаԶһƫһװĲܹͬЩüͷһ壬֮ɫδ˵ʲôɻǰ˵Ļ㱨

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ӰһƮϢģ˸˿˿׹âֳɫһ壬תײʨͷӰϣš͡һʹУƿʨӰӰмдƣҲ֮ɢ
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𣬾öȴǷ߽һߣʹ˴ܵĹ򣬽ﴫݹ
ҪԭĴ㣬ֹ죬һ˺ƤһץסֽһǱԭϮ֮գҲһӣϼңֵؼʱڣһ
⻰ߺ֡
һΧĿͣЪһʱƽ˾ֻԭЩɫζĸ¥ãȴҳһţȲ˵ЩΣܵǽڶ٣ҡҡ׹Σһ㡣
ʱеˣЩ⣬һΣҡҲǰˡ
ڿͣЪǱϵǵӰҲһ֮ɢŵļɫ棬ҲϨ
˵Ҳ֣ղ󡢿ХڵһжӰ죬ƫƫôȴƯ̩ɽҲ˵ߵע⡣
Ŀڻʧ֮󣬾䵽˳Ǳϡ
ۣ촽һеСֵֶܵε治ղǵӰʵ֮⣬ȴֻһȭ⣬ΪȴƿʨӰ磬ɼʵ˼㣬ܵΧԪʵϷƽ
Ǳüë΢Ծȣû룬ƵʿߣȻֻڶ̶ʱͿԼʽĸףһ˵˾Ųʮ
ǱҲǣȭ⻯ʵķŲĵƣǱ˿͸ˣҲһ˵͸ֵܹ
һˣջ˼Ŀɨ͸˴֮ϵ˵Ĺ磬Զǲ񾳵Ϊ
ʵһ㣬˽⡣
һ֮ǰǴؿľӱ޲סǱһ֣иľ֮ʣĸʶɢֱӽԭСĮС
ּ޾ϸĸֻ֪һֽӴϵƫƫܹӦ
ǽָӦǱӴеǿ־ս־ĸԴǴʱǰߡ
߹̽ת飬ڤڤӦУֻһ˲Ͳ˳Ǳʶʱ˽˽˳ǱľǷߣʶһ˿ϤУϳ˳Ǳڻɽɻ֮ˡ
֮󣬲˵ĵ
ǷߵͽܣΪܹƿһ䣬ܹϲǴؿǧյʦһʱնȥľǳӵӭж⡣
˼֣˵˿ԵȴҲ򵥣߶ԳǱʵһʶҪȥֿԭϮʾãв֣Ҫ͡
û뵽ǱȫȻƣһطû˵䣬ֱӳ֣ǽ룬״ϵĲ֡
˿̣ߣǱ΢΢һЦ¶ο֮ɫ
񾳵Ĵܣã֮գһһս


430 ûˣ
˳Ǳһߺͷ߻δӦЦһôĿ
£˫۾ϸϸشųǱЦɣӣ쾳ûдﵽΪҲҿڱտڵҪսҵȣΪƾطܺ£
Ǳÿɷ΢΢۾ǰͷߵɨ֪һѾһЩ
ԭˣǼֻӦöǳ֣֮Ȼᾧֻǰ˵־Уѡȴ֪Լǰ·ںηԲóȻ̤һ
ǱĻһ˵ԭЦͱһϡ
Ǳ֮ǰͨȣ߽Ǽӣȸеģǽϣһֻ¶£ڳ˵ĸ֪ԲһЩ߸֪Уĺܣ˸е졣
ǣڳǱĸ֪УЩֻϸܵһ˿㯣ƺվʮ·ڣ֪н
ڣǱϸܵͬϢһ˼˽ۡ
һ䣬ԵЩܻ˵˳ֵĴ㣬߼״æסǰߣһŽ仰Ͷֹ
ʱһԵķҲǰһҪ˵
Ǳתͷ˹ȻȻ㣡ջɽϣ㲻ɷ˵ͻȻ֣һУɱҵ˼ЩȲۣ֮ƽϣǼȻǰǳĳҲͽ˵ʡĵʱ鷳
˵ţ۾У˿˿ɫ⻪˸
ȻвʣڶҲ޷ֻ϶ƣĳδʤ֮䣬ǿһ
ûˣ
ԣҲüͷϾǰ嶯סв죬ֻЦ
ʱǵͻȻλСֵܣҿ̨ȭȴʵʣǾ缫ߣѹⲻԸͻƣԼ뷨ҪսͷӣҲʹйء
⻰˵óǱ΢ɲĿ
һʼǱ͸еϵڲͬڼʶϳһȣղܹһۿԼֶΡţڸֻƾһ۰צƲԼĴ㡣
һЦǱҲţҪߵҪ˵Щʲô
ûм䣬߾Ͱѻ˵ú
ǲ͵ϼգȻ˵˺ڣи񾳸ǰҸʱٳսǸ룿
䣬Ǳһ
ţתͷһ۵ߣͷȻı⻹óĳϢ˵ȷʵаֻʱķչ»ϣҪĳӣɲô׵ġ
Ǳ⻰һ˵һȣ΢΢һתȻƾʧһ󼲷𣬼⣬תԶȥ
ųǱȥȴüͷųǱȥʱµһ仰ﷺЩ֮С
߸ղŵǷȷʵǴóǱͷֻ˵̹ҲͲ˷Уǻ֮£վǡ
ƺϲƣҵνǴ⣬ҪȿУһηȻٳ硭
û뵽ףֱѹĴӣȻǽ룬Ǻηҵȣ˼ɵĺ˫˫֣ղŵģеһ֮ģ
˿ȱԭ֮ϮʱܷΪ˵
뷨˲֪
뱻ǱһгײɫԷȥƲ֣ص̫ˣ治֪λյģĵӣһˣ
ԱߵķҲ·ɽע⵽ӼңԲһˣһĶ硣
˵ţҲЦϵһ£СҪȻ֮գԭ֮ǰҳʱսҲܰҵһ¶Էʵ
Ǿô϶ԭȺһŻʱ뵹¶һ˿ɻ
ΪСôѻһǱԭһɢɳĲ䣬ʲôΪȻ˵ңˣĶѻպϲЩ˾ۼһã㣬ѵûһˣ
Ŷһ䣬ѵϵЩܹͬСӵģ
ȻߵͷȻѻʲô֮ʱЩ򣬵Щ걻ֽ̰ͳ˼̵ֽ߹αԭ̷ֽ֣ǣȺô뵽ҵȣ
ߺٺЦ۾һ֮ɫײñռȻҵͽҪԶ磿ңϼһǵĳԻ⣬ãҲҪ˽ᣡ
һ£˵ͷô˵ҲԣѻգֻҪܹҲֵãֻǡ
ֻǻŲ롣
ҡҡͷָֽ̲ǲںͱӾллˣָܹԲҪ¿ˣϵղ˵òȻҪս񣬲Ǩһ£ԿϣˣҲĶԷ
ҲܰЦ
ͻȻɫһע⵽ߵĳĬ
üͷһôϵӣĪǻʲôǣ
ߵͷҵĵʱŪɳ׾һ
ʲôһδ˵꣬ͱϣСӾЩֶΣôԿ񾳵ߣ쾳ΪûУ߹ˣսʤһˣҲضԪˣѵԿˣҪ˵սҵˣһӰˣ
ҡҡͷô˵ǽδǰҲΪǸЩĺɼͳϣ˿һ󱲣Ҳη壬ˣӡ
߻˵ͱȰס֮Ծһ䷿ΪһǱҲΪ໥ˣһǰһսкܶϵĲۣ˶ˣΣݲðȻҪֶ룬ȡһջָ
Ҳ˵ߵۺˣ˵Ǳһ·طֱľסǼջ˼ΪλѸ٣ѯʡ
Ǳ򵥽䣬ͽԼ䣬ϥ
֮죬Ǳ㲻һͶǧ˵˸óȻš
;ܹ͢ԹǱ˵ҪɳǱûг棬ֻ͢أ׼ʲ޺˺һľսµλδ

ʱ仺֮ڵˡ
ǻ˵죬ǱҲû¶棬ľ˶ϣܹУɳǱأڷ
֮£ֻǰ


431 գ䣡
׳ۣû֮ǰҴû뵽˾˵龰ΪѻֻоŴϣû뵽ԼˣԭнǧĲ壡
ӻ֮ػں;ڲͣĸпţੲݵĸǱյš
ʦûȥǿϧˣ˺öϷǲ֪ǲܹĹʷĹ
ں͵Ǳȴ
˵һգʱ䲢ԳǱĿ˵ͷ죬ʵе˶ȥ¶棬˴ʶһ£ǰ˶һ㣬һ춼ǿĻʽٻֱ⡣
֮أڳǣڳǱһƬտ֮أҲˣЩͨûʸϯģܹμӵĶǸɢĸ߲㣬ǳ峤Ҳǳϡ
ȻˣЩ˶һ԰ġ
ҲǼ࣬һμȳںĳȣĵ׵һӽѿ
˵λ֮Ϊڶ࣬ԶԶ
֪ѻգΪգϺֹǧ٣ľ׼Ϻаϣѻգ׼ȷ˵ѻһ壬֮ԹԾ֮ԭǺ͵Ĵйء
ԼĪǰ׷ݣҲͰѻһˣھ̣ܶ˶ױǰ׶Ҳš
ЩĽһĹ黯ô׻ʵۻϲһι˵ʱѻˣУʵ۽ԣЩ˴ϣʱڳһǾѻһ֮ˣ˾Ŵϡ
оͰ˲ܡޡʷϡ
ѻ˵Ŵ󱻴ϵĲ䣬ǾøһȣΪѻ壬𣬵꣬˴׵һڶʹΪˮһһ޺ƽ٣ԭȴѹԪˡ
ѻʧȴ˸ϻ򣬵ŴȴӰ첻СŶҪ¶
ܹǵյĺᡣ
ѻմУŴڣҲ෱ܣвٺ̲ӹѻ𻯣ڲһ㣬λˣԵ˶ڣġ
ڶպ͵գںͻǰ˷ܣ׼ʲ޵˵ɫȴ
ģŶӵĿڣ˵Եɡ
ԭˣľǣľԭΪһ׼ɵ˶í˾λЩô飬ǵȻûͷɳһҶ̵λǱȽڴġ
ǣʵȴܲпᣬǵĴ㲻ûԸ⵽˲СĴϣǱźһЩСۼһﻹһЩ˵̬ȣԵ÷ܣûľǵһ¡
еĵλ˳ϣǵȻ˺󣬺ľǸҪ䵽̶ȣʱ򣬲Ҫ˵ɾһҶֻΪһҶĸӹ
ЩԹǱδͣԲᡣ
ļľ˵ɫһһѿаƢõģˤ˵Ʒ˼¶ˡ
ռ䣬ۿľǵĵλֱ½Ҫ˵Ҷ֮λˣͲܹ˽ĻᶼûУ˶Сļ
ֻǾһµںģȷʵ˥ࡣҳǱ棬Ҳûסӵĸ֣˵ûе
мڴˣ⼸֮ڣ׼ʲ޺峤ΰݼǱҪ֣ϧǱûκλӦ
ۿţ˽ӽβҲ˳ΣµֻʣܹʷᣬΪѻ𺹹Ĵ֮λĶǣȻֻܹȻռϷ磬ʤʱ⡣
֮£ľǵˣȡ֪ûʩչĿռˣԽĵͳ
ںͣնԭǰ˷ˣҲ֪ԣϾϸ˵Ϊľǳ䲿ľ壬ľǵλ½ȵùģڲ
ں͵ұųǱ֣ÿջŸ׵˲μӻˡ
һգǻ˵ĵ죬糿ںͻǰȵǱķȻ뿪ǰ֮ء
ǱڷڣĬȻα仯Ӱ쵽ֺһ㡣
ƽͬƽ
ʱչ֮ʱ֮ҺҲ֮
ЩڳǱ˵ƺͬûӰ죬Ǿš
ͻȻ
ˣ
űһƿţմȾѪںͳ˽
ʦˣȥȾҸǰɣ
һͻޱȡ
Ǳ۾۵׵ĵɫһš
ѱʲô޲ıˣ˵Ҫ䣬ͱԭ֮ذΧˣҺòײų˳
ں͵ĻǱʵԭѾҪȴ֮ˣӦҲ쵽ˡ
ڳǱ֮ʣͻȻŲţһƤ׵Ĵ󺺳˽ǱˣЦһתͷﻹˣߣˣңҵŮģҿǰûˣڳǵǡ
û˵꣬ȻֹšͨһſڵأԴĹһԡ
ںջ䵶ݺݵصǾʬһۡ
ǱҲ˵ϵһϢԼںͶ
ˣߵҷ£գΪʦҪһΣһΣǽҲڷţҪΪʦ֮·ľֻܿԼ޷ˡ
£¥ڶʿĽкУջݶȻ飬һӰڶȥΧֵϻҵȺ׷ʿͣ²ӣתͷȥһ
Ӱٶȼ죬ЩֻǿһۣžһʧȥӰ

֮ء
ԭһƬյأʱһ̨ӣ޵ĵ㽫̨Ҫª٣ûаӡӣ̨ϵ˹Ȼݲȴվ档
վ̨ϵ⼸ˣˣҲڶಿ֡
ٹą̃ϾҪһȨѻ󺹣ƫƫһӲܹĵһжͣ
ڲܹȻᱻ˰ȫע⡣
֮£ͻȻ꣬ܿ᳡
һӶװ죬ϲŰɫľ֮
޲˲ɣȻͨУ·ϣ
ԲܹΪ׵һˣʱվ̨ϣߣΧһеʿܹ͢ҲսʿԵڲϡ
Щսʿ̫Ѩ߸¡ᣬɢ뺷Ϣϳ书
ܹǰӵ޲Ц
裬ҪȱųңϷûأ֪ʲôǹǼôҵҪֵܲܵסĲܣ
£ԶߣֳӰＲ


432 һɽ
⼸ĺܼն䣬ʹ߳嵽;λ֮ϵˣԶԶҲܿ弸˵ģˡ
߸ˣŰ£һһ壬ӭƮ·һ㡣
ڳˣǲ峤֮ʶ䲻࣬һЩԣһ⼸շӰĳЩţɵɫ䡣
ѵ쾳ĸ֣
ЩΧǵˣˣŰ£ӦǱԭ֮ˣ˵ǱԭˣϹаף
ģǺģԲһ֮ǰҵȸܹĲ䣬Ѿͱԭ֮˽ˣϵǵװ磬ЩΧߣǱԭ֮ˣ
ǾȻڻ֮ͻϮҿӻɹˣǰΧЮ֣ܹôģ
㻹ûôǲܹڲͽˣûǲһĲܹڲϣԹ˲Ͼô

Ⱥ֮У˷ǵоţʱɨΧ
ʱ᳡Ե˵ʿŰµıԭսʿǽΧһɷģδˣǷģԲ档
ΧˣǸϲ㣬һˣƽʱʩȴΧסǱЮ
ҪǣֻһȻʱһЩľһнǧսʿЩ˱ԶýģҲͶ
һʱ佩
ȺУ˿۹ˣһۣ¶һĨЦݣ˿˿ƴϵ˴ϣڽ
ιƴˣߴ洫ӾϼһӦﲻԶˡ
Ϻϱ޳ѻˣ˫ϣûһתأֻģ˵ҵץסᡭ
˵ĽԲԣΧŲˣ磬öñԴסģ
һߣ̨ϣرΧ£ĲܹˣҲع
ʷĿһ裬ǲ¾ȻȳĲ£ȻͱԭҪҵһ򾡣Ǻƣ
˵ţĿһ˵֮±㷢ģòͺͱԭ˵ˣ뽫ѻվ¾ɡ
ʷҪſڴƻˣϵ㻹ǶһԼɣ
ܹ϶Է˵һ䣬תͷһЦ޲޲Ҳûпʲôһ·Ĳ䣬ΪҶΪҪң
֣޲ЦЦ㲻ǽҵĲ䣬ȥƽˣ˵޲Уֻһߣ
˵˶٣ȻⱾҲûʲôȡˣǣȴЩڲܹ
ŭмҪ
ʲôΪЩôʲôûһ㹦ҲûУɣңΪɵͷҪܹ̫ƫҷ
⻰ܹɫ䣬Ҫ˵ʲôû˵۾ЦԣҪͱԭϣ㵱ǱԭûйôһҪվͷϣ
޲ҡҡͷͲˣϹ֮λʸЩ鸽ʱ໥ãƽȹϵܺù㣬˺ȥ

⻰ܹ̿ЦֻʷҲ¶ȻŹЦ
Цʲô
֪ΪΣ޲˵ЦУеһ˿Լζʱŭѳƿ˾棬ѾЩƽ߸ϵʱЦȴ΢̲סֹ
Ϊ˹ܺƽƽ̫ˣ
ܹЦݣ¶һ˿֮ɫĲ˵ո̣֡һڴضɺƽ٣Ϊǻҵô
ʷҲ裬ȤȻ͸Щתͷ޲˵òΪҶճΪ󺹣ЩУֻϣͨûκ𣡽죬˶ˣǿҲʲô£
ЦЦʱһһԴȴǲܹ͢˵޲ΪһҶȻЩơ
ס죡
޲һͷºˮҪԻˣǱԭ֮ˣѺԼˣ³֮󣬲ܹһضҪУڶಿ壬󺹣󺹺͹ͬ¹󺹲ᣡ
޲ɫĺУܹ˶΢΢ҡͷֳЦ
ϧձѳɣ鳹ƿأҵܷ棬һ֮䡣
ţ⼸תͷһ
߼۹İ˴ʱѾӿƮ䣬̵ģΧ¶ȶȻ½˶̲ס˸
ˣ䲻һеĿȥֻʮ꣬е뷢԰ףͬվϵ˺ǵò죬һĸо
һϢɢɢȥԱ˷׷׺ˣĪη֮⡣
ʱ
ৣৣৣ
Ⱥ֮һӰֳͬɫеǺɫеǽɫеǺɫ
üϢ֮⼸Ӱ嵽˵ǰͣס
ֱʱ˲ſʮŴ۵ͻȻ֣һ˴ߣģеĴۣеĴۡ
ЩͲܹЩϵ߸ɴǲܹ˼״ʱϳ⼸ǲܹڵĹǺ۽ߣ̫ϴ󹩷˰룬üëϸֱǰ
ֻƺЩ
λ̫ϴ󹩷ɫЩ԰ףһ㡣
ע⵽̫ϴ󹩷ģ¶ɻ֮ɫһǰн֣ʱԷδʲôˣԻɻ
һʱ䣬ˣ˶صս٣֮İ˶еؿڷƣҪԶ룬ƫƫΧѱΧס˲á
ʱԶ촫ҡڳڶ๩һɫ䣬ѭȥܿ߿һڵ㡣
ǺڵѸٱ󣬼Ϣ֮֮ڵˣҲƾۿʲôڵ㣬һӣ
ǽӼ·һС¥а˸θܣ̧εľȻǰɴµŮӣ
ЩŮһ·ɳۣĽӼٿ

ǶԽԽĽӣ̫ϴ󹩷ҧĳôһ֡
Զ֮ڣһʵ˵
飬ģԻὫǱų֮¸֪Ǿԣİɣ֮ڣҶܽ죡


433 ʦأ
һ䣬һ֮𡪡
磬ҽĻɲô˵ģҪһĵһֽһҪˣʲô֣
ǲһô֣˵ͬ䣬죬Ǹ޵֣ǰٴ
ֵͬ䣿һĵһ֣ҿδأҾ֪һˣҪڻţ϶ʮٱ
ЦȻ֪˵˭ǰһٳǸǱɣ˵ҲڣһҪ˵˲ǻԵɺϣһնɱߣ޷ΪЩѾħˡ
֮ԵЩ̫ܹ֪
ֻҪ΢˼һ¾ܲ³䴫ŶǳǱԭֻͨߣҲֻʱ䣬ʹһ̥ߣɳܹ⡢նɱĳ̶ȣһ㣬Ҷ
˵ţ΢΢һ٣˼żң滹ҽǰ˵н񾳵ΪˣҶ޷ԽսǸǱܹңһɣʹţΪҲѴ죬߶ϣ
Щµģ
Щҽ飬ģ㲻ܲ˵ο㵱Ҳδ࣬ҪԻˣ
㣡
˵Խ˻ҩζͻȻһŮ䡢ɴࡣ
ҪˣΪЩ
£ҲƽϢӴĽ΢΢һ˵ϡ
ΧǼ峤ǰǴ̨
ⶥӴޱȣԶʱ̫ͻһǰǲŷ֣һƶᣬôһ䣬˷׷ױá
ϣһȵͰľš֨ѽһ򿪣һ塢ȵӵȶӿȥӢޱȣѹӣת䣬йԵķ飬ֻҪһۣùе͡
һתһۣţһ
ţһŲɫɴµŮӽ߳ŮݣƤѩףǰʣһ߳˸ȻΧһһ²ģ
ǰӿŮй⻪תͺռеζȴҲΡ
ں棬Ů֮һ˴ӽ߳һɫɴ£ͷñɴ棬òǸŮӡ
һΧ¶ȶȻٴ½
ں͹ŵİˣ΢΢תǷ񣬿гƺʥŮ
ڳˣݱ仯
һӣ΢΢һЦ飬̨Ǳԭռʵһʢ£ݴ
䣬ҪǣŮӱ֣΢΢һˣӰһƮɶӹʮɣڸ̨ϡ
ŮһЦһ֮⣬żԾҲ˸̨
εҡҡͷʰϣ̨ϣ̧ӵİŮӻӻ֣ǣȥЭλǰЩ򹩷ɡ
ǣ
ŮӰһģһ̾ͳԣ˲һ㡣
ڶ๩ʱüͷ
Уʵ˼ʷѣʦžۼܺ洫⣬û뵽ͻȻ˱ɽųֽ룬ƽʱ䡣
̫ϴ󹩷״üͷת̨ϵ񣬿еԭ֮޹أ벻Ҫ桭
δ˵꣬ͱӴϡ
û˵־άûйܲ顭
ӵһЦȣ΢΢һȣҡҡͷοʥŮܿͻΪҵӣӵ飬ҵȻܵãʵ֮£󲻹һ֣ȭͷ֮¶ܹܣ
ˣ
λɽλûҪȥһЩĴɣǧ괫С
Ļش̫ϴ󹩷ɫʱ֪ˣͷŶԲߡ
һߣ̨ϵ޲ܹҲɫ粻֪Ǻá
޲Ů֣ǰ뵽˫һ㣬ƶһۣɫɵǵͨ졣
ΪЩͻ֮£Ծ֮ʡ
ͻȻ
ȺȻһȻ
ʲô
ٶȺÿ죡
ģһ

üһǿˣҲֵˣô಻˼飡
ȺУǻȺе˼ӿǵѸٳɫӰɼΪѾ³ߺˣ
ʲôѵ˵ĵơ֣
Ҳѭȥʱ֣ϣһɫӰ֣ٷ
ǣǻŪ飬շɳҲͰˣôһΣȡ裡
ҡҡͷ֮¶š
һߣϸ̨ĲŮüͷ𣬶ѸٿӰ¶һ˿㱣ƺǻ뵽ʲô
˸˼УǵӰ۶ת۱㵽֮أӰɢȥ¶ˡ
һһһһС
СģȻںͣһأܻЩԾ뿪Ⱥһ·Լ׵֮ȥ
һߣ֮ˣƮһ£Ŀһת䵽ˡ̧ŮӣԼʮϣԸʧ
ôߣҲԣЩ񾳵Ĵܣ¶棬ܾۼô죬Ҳǳˣ
ţǱӣŶ֮ȥ
Ȼ֪ۼڶ죬򡢱ԭɽϵľ󲿷ˣؼȵһ޵ĴСټԪܸۣһԾۼôߡ
Ǻˣ
ۿǱԽԽͣڸ̨֮ϵӸ£ѯʡ
ǱתͷһۣȻסˣΪĿɨ˲ŮŮӡ
ŶȻǣƽҪˡ
΢΢۾ǱջĿ⡣
ǱĿջȥˣɲŮȴĿƵضŶԷһȡ֮ɫӶ΢΢ԵİŮԲ죬˲Ůһ£ŽԷ˻
㣡ûŮһعʱ͵ͺȻѹһĨϲ֮⣬͸¶ˡ
üͷ
ŮҲɻʵʶ
ֻʶҲʶģֻı仯Ƚϴ󡣡ŮЩ״ΣջǽĻ˵ǳǱǵôǵںˮµˣ
ʲôŮ־졣
оâһ絶Ŀ⣬ֱֱųǱͶȥ
һ̣ͿǱѾߵ˶˫м䡣
ǵʦͳǳǱ˵š


434 ã
ųǱĻΧ˶һ£䳡
̲סЦеλ̨Żûưɣ֪֪ǰЩˣ֣Щ˵ʦͳεܹӴĵġ
ò˵ţȻΪֻ۷壬طԿһ߻ûģս۷֮ˣ
ңĸ֪ΪǱշһ£ΧԪ仯жϳǰˣΪδﵽΣ˳ǱһϯŻúЦ
ȻĿһתע⵽Ůɫŭ֮ͷ𣬱˻֣ǰ̧ŮӵˣӦҲİ֣ھͽɱ˰ɣҪ죡ҪӰλǰļƻ
㣡Ůԣɫһ䣬תͷüͷ
ֻδ˵ǰŮϾٿǿʱܵĿռУһ֧
һְԵ׵ġΪӡΧԪٿصĳƿأ
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436 һȥԴ࣡
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һߣǱһ·ƬǣƮɢΪһţ֮У϶;ʩչƬƬࡢڻƬĽ֡
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񾳵ĴܹȻвͬղ˳ֱǳɵˣܴƿҲ㣬ڵ´УȴǱѩΪ࣬Լ棬ܸһĿԸ컻أ
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۹ǱǱϰ䣬֮ʵԶ󣬸ʶЩһǱ򱬣ͻ¶һ׹ö֮óǱʶͻ죬ǴŴɵľӢ޷ȣ
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䣬һɫ˳ȭͷϳȥ


438 ƻȸྡ

ǬϾؿ·ƣע⵽Ǳһȭ죬档
ƯڿУڣǸ֪֮˶Է֡
ͬţųϣΪ־Ĳ񾳴ܣ
ΣԭΪǴضλĻᣬ˵ָܻ׳ʱĳȻȨƣ룬෬ۣվڱԭһ
һǰͻϮǱԭ֮սת۵㣬֮ǰ˫Ȼս󲿷ֻֻǾֲǣһͻϮϳ֣ϸ¶־һӸǹϡ
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441 ȴꡭ
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ȴ꣬ĳ֮գڵˣ


442 죡
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ͬĻӼ˿зţĿתѭȥĿһͦεӰ
˵ӱţһѹ쳤ñѾƿ¶ݣǳǱ
Ǳݣƹһ£ɫ䣬оϲҲη塣
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ףȻǰͬ䣬ǱϾѾ꣬б仯Ҳġ
Ŀƹδڷڿ𣬵ذҲûпӶʵ벻ͨǱ֪ĳڷģǰûһ˲һˡ
ֱ£̫ˣҪ㰵ɱʲôӵùֱҲֵȨΪɻģֻǣ֪ôģ˶ãҸղŵĻûб
һˣƹȻºңͻȻʶԼղ˵ʲô˵Ļ߶ʲôֵͷϣйسǱһֱֶεļ¼Ѿûлˡ
㱻ţϢѹȣ˵ܣԣ˼·֮ƹͿڵ´ҸղŵĻҲס㣬˵Щ˽ģɱϾûа˼Ҳ֪ΪҪֱӹǲǣ鷳ˣҾʽȡ裬Σ
Ŷ㵹ǿ˿Ȼˡ
ǱĻУƹͻһɣֱ˽ĸоȻ޴棬»ָɣû˸óȻʲôСĵشųǱ
ֻƹѹо⣬ǰ˵ѾȥؼᣬܿĿ
ãȻĺĳҲǲˣֻǻмҪǱͷȻʳʡ
г¸ԭסŵЩˣȥˣ


454 Ǳ
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ŶƹĻش𣬳Ǳв죬ȴûиеô˼飬ƺһ㡣
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ֻǣƹȴұֵƽͷǰ飬Ǽֽ̳ʩѹʹòЭ¼ͷ˳
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Ǳԣüͷã
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ңˣָҸĸǱ۾۵һ˿⡣
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˱ͱңͳǱｻ̸ʱ̲ҷɣȴû뵽Էֻһ仯䶯ȻʵӰ죬ǹɴ̹Ǻһţת۳䡣
ⲻһĺ䣬һԶѪҺļϺ
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ƹҲ⣬˵һ仰еԼѪУѪҺȻᣬѪըѣҺγɱƤ⣡
һʱ䣬ѪʹټеľȺ˿Ǳ¶֮ɫƲڿһˣһħ
Ǳ΢΢ָǺʱˣһ˦ƮУĲƮɢϣڡ
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ԵɣƹĻóǱɻ
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Ǳͷ΢ӰͷԳŮ֮⣬һĨɫ
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뵽ƽϼصһЩ飬ƹ˼мǴ͵Ϯ˼أΪˣ¼֧¡ǽƣܶ侮ʯǷ˳¼ͣ˳¼ʵȨҪԼҷΪڣһϵȫ𣬽Ϫ͢
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ֻñĶӣ˻Լ˾һƣ˼ò֣һЩСģԳ¼һҲͱݸ˳ȥ
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Ǳַ˷Ȼ̧ͷʵݳ¼ھֵϢֻôࣿ
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ܿ죬ʹҵ˲õϢ
ף⿪ɵŶһȻѾˣ֮صĳ֡
ţġ֡ĸ֣ЩΪȻ
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Ҳԣ֮Щ⣬˵ǳֲ޲ף˵죬ǽˣ⿪һҪȥһ⣡
ǱηҪټĸ֮⣬Ŀģ⿪֮£֮һ
֮꣬սУǱ޵Ϊʦ޵оͳԿɡ
ϸ˵޵Ȼûдɵ书ȴָ˲飬幦Դѧ˵ǳǱʦΪ
ңǱܹܷ֮ѳȥҲ޵źϵڷ޵ǰ֮صͨ뿪
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󣬳Ǳط޵вɽɽ죬ƺǱһƬռѷ죬ƾո֣ԲСģ֮󣬾˺ۡ
ЩѷܼޱȣԳǱҲֱߵڣֻѡһܹͨе·ߣ붴ѨڶѨڡ
еѷ츲ǣͨУֻһǿܹͨͨĳڣ
һǱؼգϸ˵Ҳ޵е
⴫Ķ飬޵ǰҲǵǺͿйأȴóǱȫ˼
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޵ҲڵһսУˣɽ֣ϸ˵ڵĿųԹǵ߸ŵĴ
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ʵһؽ磬͸оҩڵöܵʲô
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ҡҡͷ˼ǣǱ֪ٶֻоǰż
ҪųǣҪʯţҵǴӳ¸ʯŽ룬֮ʱڳ¸Լҵжԣ˵
ţǱĿһת¿е⼸ӡ
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Ǳַ˼ҳ󽫲Ӻŵһԣ۾˼ϢԺתűһߴһ
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֪游ǸʲôζһĿ׳壬Ϊ˲ϧԼĶӡӣڱӷѡ֧ϵռݣȴԼȫ˼壬֪ǷԸ


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ǳ¼ܽ꣬ҲǸĶУԼҲˣֱУͺ޼ЩҲ⣬ȻҵĳУǸĻҪģм̴ֽӣһ
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һʽУԪȭ⡢־ǿΪһ壬еڳǱеǽ۵Χ͸۵Ԫ
ôһ໥ȴϢǿᡢ£һбųԼóǱյһָ߲εƿ֮
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Щˣ֮Գô磬Ϊڵļ壬⼸֯ԣһȤֻ类ڴ
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457 һ۾ˣūɢ
һг¼С·˳Ǳͬʱ¸¼ϴϣӷ˳
סǼԺᣬȹ洫ߴߴԺü򵥣ȴ߽ģֳл̳лïʢмʹ޼
֨ѽһ¼Ŷʹһ飬ת
Ա͵ǵĳ¸ܹܳū˳
үô硣˵ţ߹ȥͷĿһģ
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ӣֳһū͸е̬ƽ⡣
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ͯȴǳ¼͵ĶӣԭĶӳȥ񣬵ʱתݵλԽȹ̣Ȣ޻Уܿһӣϲ䱦ٵʱ򣬾йϵ˼̵ֽĻʦ
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¼üͷϳ˼ݣǸǰǰԳ¼ӵܡ
ԣ˵ҲҪȥֻڽǰȥӣǣʵڼһһҴ侺£չʾ˴ʵ
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ԷûԼķԸ¼͵ɫЩȨܵսıܣΧĳūˣ˶ٸѹ֣
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ˣʧ޴Ҫ㡭
ʶڣԽ΢ʧ
Ǳһڣɢʶһץһ˸ɫâĹץ
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Ǳ֮΢΢ͷһӣϻɵĹͲӰְڶƮ֮䣬ǰĺڰȫɢֻһϸСӣΧкڰתɣɷǺÿ
Ǳһץסӣһת֮Уһ䡣
ǽ䣬Ѿ飬һڶڣΧɢ⡢ݹǡ
Ǳ۾ͷת

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зһ֮Уǹ죬ƾжһ㣬ǰȴһ޴ޱȵӣԼס
УһŵɫɴŮӼţĵϳ˷ŭ֮⡣
һ˿˿˴ɢƮѩ׵֡
ǣ͸߹㣬˻ҡ
УͻȻһͼһģһŮ˼С


466 Ħ
ͻȻɫһ޶ֻһ˿񣬶һ䡣
⣡ǳǱΪٸߣҲȲ㣡ֻһǱ̵ɫɴµŮջؼУЦתǰ
ǰƯһöϸСӣкڰ֮ɫת
ҲڣҲա
Ǻڰ棬ԼܿһٻӰƮ
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ͳһĦ򣬵ʱΪ񹦺ħҪһǬתĦų˼䣬лֻ꣬бҳһ·ߣ
⻰䣬ڰھЦģɲЦ棬ΪܹҪЮǱҪ֣ٴ̣Ҳãǲκвģ
һһ˵ţڴˣֹ龰ȻľһԼԻһ㡣
ǣɫɴŮԣһЦȻɫһ䡣
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ղϷ˺ڰź󣬱һ䣬Уһ·ֱ£Ҳ㻹ǻأ赲ˣһϣһֱץ
ʱƿ谭Ħųڿռ䣬ʱͷ·ӿܹˣ½ʱ֮ڣȴһ˿ɱ֮⣡

ԭ֮ͨУÿһ̲֮ҪڡһУ
Ŷƿˣѵ˼һжƣ˿Щ˺Ϳعǹȷʵǳֱʣ
Ǳ߶ţһӣһԪǣԪѸپۼ
תתת
֣ڶԲת
ԲתƣīתۼڳǱǰγһ㼱ת֣κιᱻΣԪԪᱻ֮ڣΪ֮
ʱһԲתǣС
ĦųǵϷռޱȣôһǣķӦܿ죬ųǵϷγһ޴ޱȵУ֮ڣ֮ƫƫ޷˳Ǳֺ
ˣԲת֮Ĵ£ЩţƿڳǱУۼۣΪۿɼţ
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ڣһĿεŵӰѹ̧ͷצôܶԳǱвǺܶ˱ǿҵ֮Уķ飡
һ飬еĲ飬ûһ˿һָĿܣ
գۼ䣬ԽԽĻ˱Ʋ㣬ʧ
ɢ
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꣡꣡꣡
ĦųУһᡢһֵУ¶ѷ죬濪ѣݴӿһȻϢӯС
Ϊƿ
ŮӼоš
һԵĺڰЦһΪβƿأһľ鶼ûУҺͳǱ⡣Щ꾭ʲôȻ֪ǴʬɽѪɱģܴﵽɾͣȣͺñөԣ֪ˣ㣡
ס죡Ůǳ⣬ĦǣҲضȥиڣû˵ңȥȥɱɱʬΣ
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Ⲩֱ빬󷽵֮УûС
š

һĦд
š

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Ǳɫһ䣬þˣܼԦԪһ֮£Ʋ㶼ƿ
ɢңƲɢǱӰ¶ѭȥĿıǸλĦųӣ
ʱڣһקϴ
Ҳ²ĦŹ֮Ħ֮ʧ٣ԭǡ
˼֮ʣУͻȻһԱһɨץס˿ӶԵ
⾹һֻޱȵ֣
һƬڣ󣬱ҪӴ󣬺ͳǱУڻ֮شľƲС
䣡
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ϢǱİһĦųǣ̹
꣬ϢһǱľ֮£أѹٴԣȴû˵־ȣҲûв״ĵ׷ԾԾ֮⡣
ͻȻǱüëһҡҡͷˣ֮ǰҪȰ꣬ƿعų֮ˣȻûжʵս飬γ֣νеȻˣùȥ֮ѯ
һˣǱĿֻ̽ӵĴƿ䵽ӱԵϣʶչ֮ɫһ䡣
ŶȫһϢʶô˵

ڣŮбϣЦǿŵĺڰӣһʤȯյı顣
ڰڣݳ֮⡣
ԭҲ֪£и˵ССǱĸֶۼ˴кã
Ļո£ǰͻȻӰһǱӰǰ
ŮһȻԭء


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ŮվųǱԪĵԪмϡ־
ǱһŮϣ֮ɫ˫һĲӬһĺķɣһתɫħζϡ־ϡ
ŮӼһæ־ջأЩѱܹԵе־һûж٣һһ㣬֮ǰͱħգʧһ󲿷֣µĶǴϧȻðա
Ǳ׾ٵ߽ŮӵĹƣĿǿĺڰϣ¶Ȼ֮ɫ
ԭˣȻ
ŮӼ״ǰһһѾҪץǿźڰӣû룬ǱӰһֱӳԱߣһץס
ڵʶԷȴûκζɳǱ֮ץס
ˣ㻹ǻˣԤϵĻҪǰ٣ڣһŮ
ǱͷĿһתŮӡ
ע⵽ǱĿ⣬Թ֮ɫЦĪǲҸ븸ԵУΧ֣ͻΧɣ
򣿡Ǳ۾ɫֻǵһɣ˳֮ǰܡɱǿԵģ
ҪɱңŮԣЦ㿴ңҾ飬ͬж㣬㲻˼ҲͰˣҪɱңⲻǶô˵ţҡҷ
ǱһĨɫǰˣ˵òһ޶˵黹Ҫ飬Ϊ꣬Ǳʶ飬ֻһʶΪ壬ֻصϣǸУǿʶɢ
ǰŮӣȴͳ졣
ʱǿűǱץеУִ
ǱҪ˵ʶ뿪֮󣬲֪ģֵһʶռԭѪϵٿĦųǣ꣬УΣգ
֪ηŮⷬȣֻҡҡͷҸ˵ٴˣЩ䶼ٵģ㱾Ǹ־۳ĿܣΪľǰѵĴ٣
˵ţǰһųǱ¶Цݣʤѩ˫ǱҲĦʲôʶģðƻֻΪ䡢ԸȫΪԼƣʵãıʣֻһ˶㣡
˵֮Уһҡ֮̿ԲҲõģˣС󣬾ÿһ¶ǵ
ŮӲֻǶԳǱЦţһ߽еǱαΪһڵˣҡ
Ļδ˵꣬ǱͻȻֱ̧֣Сž춯̼䣬ǴŮӵͷ£
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Ů飬¶ѩƯ䵽һϣϢ
Ǳһ䱻־ˣȴʶʶǷĦѲҪΪʶȻɢ
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ݶϣһѷ콥󣬼Ӵָ¶סݶ֮˺

ʯ£ݶվǱǾ޴ָͷǿǱĿ֮Ͷ磬ڿ˾˵ģ
һ쵽˼ĺɫӰ
üһ
һǱתͷۡ˯飬һʧԭء
ٴγֵʱѾգΧһ˿˿ϮѹţҪ°µ棡
ǱһûȥǾĿӴޱȵĺɫӰ
ǵӰ޴ޱȣֻǰӾ͸ߴＸɣͷѾϷҲ㣬°ڿӶ֮ڣ
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ӴһϸСӰӷγɣ
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ȳ棬ʵڹޱȣ
ĪҲµĦ꣬Ϊ˳߾磬ϧ
Ǳţһ޺žϮȴǺɫƣץ˹
ǱһתҪ֮ѹ͸Ԫֱ֣֮ϣʧȥ˿ƣ
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ץ
գ
ָ֣ץס˳Ǳ
ɫ˵ҲһƬֻһ˫۾ͨڣųǱһץסջƣţѿһ϶
϶ԽԽ󣬷һž죡
ţɫһ̧ͽǱУ
ʣ
ǱӰʧ


468 ڱ޵ף
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ǱѸ׹䣬ΧһƬڣ;ֻƻӶҪץס
˿˿Ϣ˷ۼ˰Ƥ͸ǣ͸
ǱĸоԼǡѪϢ͸£ڷ仯
ƤɫĵһоΧ϶ΪһҪΪһ壡
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ֱʱǱŻָжƺѾˣǺɫ븹У׹䣬Ƶһһ㣡
ʱָжϢԪȴû˿Ӧ
ţܣȻûԪڣ
Ǳо죬ѨԪҲ޷άƽ⣬գ׹䣬һгʶﶼڡ
Ƭκ˼άΧݹڳǱĵ׸ֶۻͺڻһ㡣
Ǳʵһ͸ʶᶨ͸ۻʽĻĵͻʶңʧȴңΪԼһˣ
ӼƬУǱϳЩ䵽ԴԺˡ
ЩĩĦļ䣡
ܿ죬ƬΣǱһ˼·겻ܹ˳ǰ
ĩĦҪһҲ׼㣬ǱΣԳһ룬ŷֻ۲֮£½
мǽĦڵľ񶼼ˣ˼άңǾͷ־ʧأ֮ȴǳʧܣٲ䶼ģ壬ġ
ǱţѸջ˼
Щлȥ˼˿̵Σ粻ܽ־ôᶨҪͬΪɫɲ֣ʱʶڴ˴Ҳ
Ǳ֣ôֹֿͣͬ
ΧϢۼ಻ϵڣԾ𶯣Ԫ赲ǵȭ֮Ʒͷſ־赲ϢϮԽ죬ѪɫԽԽΧϵԽܡ
ЩϢȷȷʵʵڣȴӵеһԪƾҲԽӴҪ˵赲ˡ
ڵҪֻֿܣҪôҵֹϢҪôҪѪϵȰ˵ɫˡ
ڶַǽ˽ˣȷܷɹԻҪԼ˵ȴ鵽˳Խ񾳲εˣҲֵˣ
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ţǱһڣֱеĹڣ֮ӿ
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Ϣ֮ȻϢ⣬óǱ˴Ϣ֮׹䣬ûоͷһ㡣
һ棬ЩڵĹϢһʧȥ֧ԮͻȻڳǱھٱƵģֱײҪڵһжݻ٣
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鵤һ鲼ȫĹϢһգ뵤
ǱĵޱȣҲЧֻҪȥǱʶԴг
ϢôһʣȻڵɢѹֻûȳǱٴת㣬ЩϢͽӴ˵ʱӵȥӿУʧ

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һ£Ǳʱ֮Բѹ鵤ȵлʱ򣬻
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Īǡ
㣬Ǳͷһת뵽һֿܡ
ֹϢĪҵڣںѪ⣬ҽĺƬڰռںΪһΪеһ֡ڱ鵤ɣȴмУҵϵϲһмµĻᣡ
һˣǱ˷ĵ׷뷨εȻͷһϢɢЩĹϢ̺ˮһ㣬ٴκХ룡
͸͸͸
Ϣܿͳ˳ǱѪҪͬĸо¸ϳǱͷ鵤һַ֮ɢĹϢһ̶
Ϣһ뵤ͱǱʶţȫмУ
һ̣ᾧͱǺһ𣬱ԽͣͳǱ֮ϵӽܡ
Ϣķ۹Ǳڣֱ鵤ɣϣ˹̣ܶʼ
仯ϵںϣ
ٽᾧͱǺϹתͳǱ֮ϵԽԽܡʶһģȻóǱĵײѪĸоٴתͷɫħҲͷųͬʼֹϢ
ħȻͱǱϾ粻ߣ©Ըͨ˻ãһħԭˣҲҪ䣬Դʱѵõʱɨ
Ȼûãԭħ𣬾ȻҲ˱仯һĸо·ЩħҲǳǱһ֡
ʱƣ֪˶ãǱڣм¶ͱϣõӦ֡
ϵԽǽܣԽܷϸ΢ͬܿ죬Ǳע⵽ǴľԼµĿᾧαּҪһ
⵹Ҳ˵ͨħԴϹ֮ȻҲǷƷ֮£ᾧǾҽرͨᾧķ룬˿پϾΪƣһ
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ǳܵĹϢѸټ٣ƬڰռĽṹϸ΢䶯
䶯Сǣһȫܿ죬仯ˡ
Ƭڰռ䣬ﶼƽţһб仯㴫ݣֱһѹ˲֪õʶ
Ļָ֪ʶŵһ˿ãɢ˼ά
ңʧˡ


469 Ħ
ʶţת۷ڰ֮أ쵽磬ţдϢ
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տҲ֪ܷҵȥ֮
ΧĻԽ˽⣬ǱԽǾü֣üͷ𣬵ȴûк֮⣬ǰʱ⣬Ȼ֪䣬͸ù̽飬֮ǰԿ鷳ԽˣԽӦͦԱ顣
ҿѾǲڹųУǱס꣬һ˵ܱ֤Ϊˣ㲻ˡҲգ棬ƴһƴ
ţǱڵʼ仯Ԫȥħ𲻶ϳ
ħ֮һɫϢ̺ſ˥ζԴľԽᾧЩϢ뾭֮ţ׳
Ϣ֮һɫ⻪溮ޱȣڵڵʱ򻹺ãڳ˵ͺͻһ㣬֮ʱһ㵭
׳ͱԻʵųǱ»õƵĻס
ʵҲܹ⣬ȻŹϢĳ֣üмºΪһ壬Ϊ졣
ɳħ֮⣬֣֮ǰûᾧɱĿٽᾧһֱѹǿתÿγ֣˼
ڣһʶȫٿأԴֲڡ
Щ䣬Ӱ켫Сֻת˼£ϢͱǺͳͳǱϵħ𽻲һ
ܿ죬ڳǱϣһɫɫͺɫ֯γɵĹŽΣһһģÿһͷųֲϢʾ̺ŵĻ֮ǺεӴ
ǣǣǣ
ּȻϸ΢࣬߼ˣ񽻲˴˴̼ɥʧȶŤ·һ̾Ҫ໥ͻֲһУ
ʱǱУ˿˿ɫ͸ɫ

ϵôһ֣ȻݣǹɻϢȴ棬ͷų
Ǳϵͷ΢΢ת
ǹϢޱȣҵⷶ룬ǾϵĲ࣬Ԫǿ䣬ȴû˿ȻΪ߱ʣͬԪֻܹ֮м¼ȻܹϢӰ죬ӦҲܷ⡭
ͷת˼·ǱûΪԵֵϮеɥǡǡ෴Ŵ˴ȷĽӴ˸߲εеҡ
ΪµľԵֻһʧȥʶͿĹϵһƿ˸߲ĸ֣ڶԷʶĹ£Ҫ˵Ϣм£µһʱͱɱˣ
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һףǹȥûڰԶԶĻܿһ֪˶پ롣
ȴϢ֮󣬳ǱѾȫɢĹâˣ۾ʶȥ͹ڵʶϵš

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ܿ죬ԶĺڰУɫɫͺɫɫâӳΪһ磬Ī⣡
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𣡡
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һߣڿռУǱķɳٶȼޱȣֻһ˲ͳ嵽ǵѷǰһ죬ɫâһһ㱡
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ţһ˫ڴͣȾ֮£͡

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ڴʱһʶڿռ˹
ټΧˣû뵽ȻƾԼһѷ죬ǲʹ˳ȥҪʱҵλҲʹʧȥ´ҪͲ֪ҪȵʲôʱˡңҲѡ
һǱͻȻֵĻﺬ壬͸еǰһģǰľˮ°㣬ųױһģ
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ǱΧȫһģһĹ̻Ի͡
ֻڿյģֻ֮С
󣬳ǱתĿ⣬ǰȥһӰӳ
һˡ
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ʶʶγԭ򣬳ǱȻɣЩ˵ݣҲ²ãûͷֻм˱ϳ
һ¡ŵڵӾ֮һ
ԣڼǰ֮˵ģԷŻѸٱϳ֪仰١
ңǱʱڣʵǺɫڣ˵˲²⣬ҵõӡ֤֪Ħйأǰ֮ԳĦδе˼顣
ƺԳǱôƽеЩ⣬Ħ΢΢㵣ȻЦһҲԣ֣ǵ֮һؼܶ಻˼֮£֮ʲô
ĦǰǱ֣ڵ֪ǰ˴к⣿
Էƺûжֵ˼Ȼ̾ͱֻǣѴѷ죬Ҫǵѷ뿪ȴ;£Ȼлɣ䲻֣ȴѺá
ĦҲ֪ԭ΢΢һЦ͵ȻΪһ˿ϢϰֻؾģӦİɣĹϵͬһ㡣
ĦʣЦеؿųǱĿеĺ壬óǱɵüͷ죬Ҫֵĳ嶯ֻǶԷϾû¶⣬ǱҲ̷ֻǵǰ£ǳĳҪ뿪ˣ˴ǻþԳһǲɴƣ
Ŷ㾹ܿһƬ֮أ
Ħٴ¶֮ɫţע⵽ǱĲ죬ͷһתʶԷӣ²ְĽ͡
һˣҲͲن£еӣƲϲ䣬ұֱ˵˰ɡ
˶٣˴ǹۣȴзֱԳǬ˵󣬵ܴ˷ĦⱦĦһˣżȻõģС̽аأ֪һر
رǱһ㶣ͷת
Ҫ֪ľУ˵ʱ򣬶ԷᵽƵơ
ʱǰ˵ʮҩڹϸϸЧãĦ˵ܴ˷˵ĪҲһ֮ڣ
ڳǱ˼֮ʣĦĻﻹڼ
رļֵǴŶӦ˵ֻǽرɴ֮δⱩ䣡
Ǳڱһ˿ȤĿȥʶɢΧ֣ʱͷ֣ǰĦˣʵֻһʶ塣
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Ħע⵽˳Ǳĸʶ仯̾Ϣһ¶Цҵͱ仯ʧȥƣֻʶڴˡ治𣡡
治𣿡
ĸ֣ǱüͷѾܾãڼ棬ͳ󣬵ʣȡ
治ĸ˵򵥣ĺ壬ȴʵ𾪡
ΪǱһ·û˭ĸ֣ǲߣԪ٣ɻ
Ӧ˵ûܹ棬ȾԵĻ̫ˣ
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ʶ治𣬵ҡȴţǱ۵¶ɻЩͿˣףλ˵еΪҪԼ˵ЩѵΪԼʶ飿
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˵ָָ̧ӦѾǸˣӦҲ³һЩˣûǸҵ
˵ţֿЦ꣬ĦУΪ˻ϧִٽΪ㣬۸ǳ֪ɹĿ̫С֮£ֻܶùر³Ҳ֪ˣĦ𣬶ңȻһԸȴ⸱˲˹ģ
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ǱȻ֮ɫҲˣְ취۵࣬Ǳϣһγ־ַֻ֢̫󣬼ܹɾ־ҲʹãԷɡ
һߣĦ
ΪԦ־ᾧԹرѹɣΪ˳߾磬뵽ȡɵķӣԹرΪģһٳ컯
ҡҡͷرڣͱҷ˲ٳ񣬱ǵԸƿֱ֮ʱҲŷֹرʵʣչһЩڣҵһͬΪ⻹㣬ĦҲӰ죬Ϊ֮ţɹ⡭
ǱˣԭĦų֮ԻôˣԴڴˣӦû£֮£һ仰ܴġ
ĦȻû˵ǱȻȥ׷ʣϾǹȥˣ飬תĦбϣûҪ˰̡
ңʱȤ飬йعرǲѶϢ
ǰ˵˹رʵʵ¹һ񣬲֪رкأǱرȻĴ£˵ˣи˵еԸ˵ûɷŹ
ĦһۣȻ㵹һӾҵص㣬رȻи֣Ȼ棬Ħҵ񹦡ֻؾʵǴвġ
ֻؾǴӹرвģ
ǱһžĦĻ
һʼֻΪرǰֶͨƶɣлɣֱ컯֮ʱܹȷϣرȻ
⣬ǱҲɻѵǻĲɣĪǣе߲Σƾ
Ȼ޷ңرҲʲôƵģֻһαװ
ƳģǱɫһ䣬뵽һֿܡ
ĦųǱͷرʵ컯ĸʧȴˡҡ󣬲γɣ䱾ʵһš
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ǱʶڶྫĽӴ˽⣬롣֮֮У֮أӼ߿еõ˸Ϣ컯ħֱӶһΡ
ûǴľƣʵ컯ߵֶΣν춯ء
Ȼˣνϣʵս㣬ֻǳǱһκηĳ桢ʱǾб仯Ǳֵܵһʱ̣Ҳⱻɱ
ǱڽϢ֮󣬵õһۡ
ǱеĻħܿҲһ컯ߣֻھ޶֮УĥѴ۷䡣
Ǳ粻һЩʵʡϸ޷գȻԴƳ
ΪЩԽ컯顣
ĦǷ΢Цŵı飬ųǱ̾ϢһӣӦ˵컯飬֪࣬Բ֪ӡ
һת񾳸һܲ컯Ҫ̤һνһʮ۷ߣճɹĿһҲûС
Ǳüͷ΢塣
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ǱڵΪ㣬һ֮ң־ʵ߷壬ͲŹκһ˽߲Ļᡣ
Ȼ֪ĦΪλ˵ЩģǳǱҲ˽һЩԲûгϣǽԷ˵ÿһ仰μС
ĦȻˣͲ޵ķʸӦûὫ½
ĦĻȴóǱһ˵Ĳ֣ҲҪ
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飬ƬΪâǣӦǣÿǶܴڿ˸൤ϣеᾧΣĸѪȫϴ跥ë
ýᾧγɣͻƿ̨࣬ϸǲڶ㣬ϸ
һ쳣ĸǲߵҲҪܵشɥпܣһ棬ᾧԣʶţԴ˵ƿҲܴﵽ˳̶ȣ
ᾧϣͨңԽѧ㹦ںһ壬ڻͨĥԲڣԴᶨᾧͷ־Ҳͽײ㣬ֵģ
գ񾳵׶Σĸϸֵģÿһ߲ʱ䣬Ǳ׶жţֻ֪ţʱĦ⣬֪ʵ뵽Ħһۣз
ĦƿڸҽƵģҲ۷壬һûпܣһ񣬻Ĵ˵·ҲЩģ԰գⷬȴ˼·
һߣĦ˵˲񾳵ֵģͻȻɫһ䣬Цݣ¶֮ɫֵһգ׶ζҪ־һСģ־ʧأǾͲΣգҪʧȥһУܻΣ
ҡҡͷֵֻģܹһ¥һҪսʤ־ҪΪϿ⣬Ҫмᶨ֮ģҪ֮·ʵʵʲôƲģһ㣬֪ѵ˶ӢܣΪңޣ
ǱüëһʵʣĪǳ컯ʮĹؼڣ
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ҪСģ컯ν˼񾳣һƣͬСɣ񻰣Ħⷬɲ쳣
ʣме۷壿мԸ⽫͸¶ָ
УҲֲǱ
οĦ֮·ֹڴˣȻʧܣϾų߲ΣԸ˵һЩԳǱİֱɹ˵ģָ򣬷ŵϣ̾ȷѪ꣬ЩĲ߶ᣡ
һˣǱһ˿ڴ
ȻĦĻûͣ£ֵĵİأ̤Ǹ˽⣬˵ô࣬ΪĻܸĻ
ĻǱһҽ
ѹ־֮ģܸһ컯ɣǣֳһʧҪɾͣƾѴɣԲܽӣȻΪݳޣ
ݳޣɾˡ
Ǳ⻰ȴɻ󣬰Ħ֮ǰĻ컯ߣƺνĹӣǲܽӣΪζԷҪһǿأ
·ǲ³˳Ǳ˼Ħ˶٣컯ߣĿչӣÿһӶӦһˣ³Ѿˣ
ǱԣȻν³¾ĦľƼһ޴
ĦȦӣֱӵҵѾںϣν࣬һ֮ܵıʵʶ£֮ڣй֮Էۼѹ
䣬ǱͻȻ뵽ӹзʱ򣬱һ֮ѹţأ֮ǰռŮ˵ƺֻҪ̤빬뿪Ҫ֮Ϊԭ
Եģ֮ʶ棬ʶͲ࣬ǡĦ̾Ϣһ粻ҵƿ֮УʶѹƣֻܼƬγɵĹг˯ֲ࣬ҪҲա
Ħʶ޷˽̸ԶֻܹһˣҪ洫Ѫⱻɫںϣıܺͬ棬ôȷʵһֱҪܵļ尾
ֻǣǱȴףȻãνĹرͬ࣬ΪĦҪһǿأ
Ǳհǰ˺ˣ⣬ҲֱӾ˳ڻزش𣬾ǶԷˡ
ĦûǱѯʣ෴ȵľһ䡣
ͷ˵ر߳컯ʱûаȴսܹõһ˵ȥɨ²񶼲ǲܣΪ
ÿرһԪ±Ϊһ컯ߣ


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οǰĦͬŽ컯Ǿʧ˵ĺɫˣһѾƿ˳Ǳ֮ץסһ£漰ֶξ
⣬ֻǺɫʧȥʶǣƾѪⱾʩչģɴƲ⣬ɫûʧأܷӳεȾ춯صͨ
ڴʱĦȴ˵㻰˭ܹƽֻǾ֮󣬳Ǳܿʶ漰ļʣʵرΪܷ滹ԭ컯ߣδ̫棬˵ˣ컯ߣħ֮ҪʲôܹƿصģŪɳ׾
ǱʣĦͷûие֣ǵģرɵ컯ߣңֻҪõ⻯ͱ޲һʹָ
Ǳ⻰ɻĵ䱸
Ħ˵ü򵥣컯ǺεȴڣǼľˣٳǱĿǰӴϢûйڸ߲ε鱨
컯ħ⻯δ̫ţңľҲܿһ컯;ʧܣҲʶ治࣬˵Ƿ컯ߣҲʶܹƣ
Ǳʳ⻰ȷ뷨
컯ߣΪе۷ڣôױ˷Կƣɻ
߼˵ͨǱ׵ؾĦĻҲδ̫Ϸˡ
ע⵽Ǳɻͽ䱸ĦҲ˹˵ţɻΪ˽컯İأ컯֪࣬ȴԲŻᷢܡ
˵ţɫԽ࣬Χء
νӣʵǹԻؾڹһ֮컯ߣҲֻܽӴ͸޵Ĳ֣뼺ʹ͹ϣΪڣʵϣ컯УҲ˶յӵġ
˵ʱĦ¶һ˿㯣ڸʧĳ֮С
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תͷ¿Ǳ
ӣ컯ĶȻвΪȴбΪǿҪ֪򹥻ԪԷ
仰˳ǱĹ֮ǰ΢΢ͷ
Ħʶ棬Ⲣ⣬컯ߣʶԶڣ֪ȴͬ־ã˵ʶ򣬱仯ɹһ֣յĽȴʧȥңپСҡĸһʶҲͺ壡
˵Ħоâ˸컯һʧȥֻ֪¹ӣ˹رĵΪҲ˵ر·棬ɾϻȻˣ㲢ף漰⣬ⲻܷϿԣ
¶˿֮ɫʵϣʶֿܺ󣬾ͽйԣȻδɹҲвСջƳһֽӵӣܼ壬ʩչ䲻ƣֳΣ컯ʧܣҵٴγԣɹĿܴܺ󣡡
ԭ֮Ի֣ôһԭ򣡡
ǱһǻȻͷתǰĦ˵ȻˣĳԤףǰɹֻôҪϢ㾹ȻԸң֪Ϊ󻰿˵ǰͷĳΪһĿ֪꣬ϸ˻ߣ
ǱĻ޵ķʸǡǡ෴Ħ˵Ļÿһ䶼ֵǣۼֵѾͷڶѨԳǱָ㡣
Щָ㣬ֵóǱͷǰݶԷΪʦ£Ħһϯȴе裬ûԭ
ڣǼ鼴
Ҫ֪ԷǼǰһۣߣ˵ĻˣóǱȡĶǻ裬嶯֮١
ǱĻδĦе⣬ҡҡͷ˵ЩȻԼĿģԵ޹£µò㡭
ˡǱԷ˵꣬ʹ˻ĳ˵ܸȤ֪֮컯ޱȣûϵڱ飬ûѹһ컯ߣֻǳ컯ʧܵʶһ޼ƿʩųĳ´עˣˡ
Ǳ˵ţӣҪ뿪һ·ǰУ˿˿ħë׳߿ӰŤһ澵ӣҪ顣
Ħ״üͷ΢壬ŹһЦ˵òһ֣ҵʶֻⲢǻ£Ǹȡ裬
Ҫ֪컯ʹڳ컯ʱûаǵʶڻУסӣһ򵽹仯ֿ缶Ҫۣ
οôһ߻»кĶ֣
Ǳûͣ½ŲüͷԽԽлޱ仯㲻ҪҪ뿪Ҳס
ǿд磬ܴгȥʮа˾Żʱ˽棬û飬ʱѱԭأҲǧ֮⣬ʱţѾȥʮꡢ꣬һ޾͵ֱ
Ħŷӵ˵ţȴûǱĶͣ£һһǰȥ߻ڣһھ䣬û˹ֻʣһƬڣŤתƾոֵĺڶֳǱ֮
Ħٽϼû࣬ҲûЦݣһ˫Ӿâ䣬ɢصĿϢһ̣λٴչֳһߵơ
գء
ǱƱԶԷרļԦħ𣬵ȴԽԽ۾۵ɫת
ͻȻ
һԼ
Сȴصա
ĦţȰ֮ɫ̾˿Сӣ㲻̽ˣʵ㣬ǱֻʣܣָӴɱ˻УҪӹڰȥ漰ӵĹٿأǱܹġ
ǰһ̧һ֣кڰת۳һԲ̡
Ҫ뿪Ҳ˵ʲô˹رҵʶǽ˲ܱңͻʧȥ֪Ųǰ취㽫ȥҴٿ֮պлᣬ֮۳컯ٷش˴ҵʶȳ㿴Σ
˵ʱϵĺڰۣ֮ΪɫԲ


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Ǳ⻰ûлش
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˵ţҡҡͷû컯Ϊǲһģϵ컯ϡ٣ҷ׷ǹʣôԸ֣ԣֻп컯Ը䲻ףܱȲ񾳳컯Ŀܸ󣡡
ұڵ¹ųǲ֪ˣΪɹƬϢӰ˹ƽ⣬žѣ飬´η֪Ҫȶá
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ĦϿң˵һܡ
ǱתӣĿĦϡ
˵ģģ

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ನɢԪҪʧȥԭԣҪתƱ
ٷɳ۵ĳǱҲನУһֱڣ֮Ծԣľͷһһͬɢ򲨶ɢȥನ໥

ˣһеĳǱܵӰ죬һƺߣûж˵ʲôϢë׺ѨӿٶȶȻ䡱һһͷײϷҲ㣬У
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УڷӵڣȻһը
һɹϢëסѨƮɢɢȥһ̥ǵĸо
ǴѸĽɫͼٶȺͷȱ

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ߣ黹˵ţⲻ֪ԱѾסˣΪǴĻУһǾĲɢϢ

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˾˼㣬ԼںηҪȥЩʲôˡ
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СүԼ˵ľȺܣЦԽʢĿһתȴ䵽˱еϣţָ֣ǰƯһšᾧǶԱʦĲˡ
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ʱ֮Сүһֻ֣̿һҧ촽΢ĳڣǰһöֳŹ
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ҲգҷŹ׼ոûϵǱ֣û뵽ʶ䵽ϣѱںϣһΡ
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ϢǲˣԳЦЦοøӣҲǱɵ飬ǹĿģͲΪ˵õʶ飬ǽˮ룡ңȻĻֻСһ֪Ǻαؼһѻ𣬸ô飿
һ̸߽һѸٺˣۿžҪһתǣ߼Ҫ֮ء
µ˶ȥ˼Ͼ֪֮ĿľͲõʶ飬̬ķչд۲죬ԻҪһ¡
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ΣΪԳɵ˵Ĺƻԡ˵ñºʵĲΪڣ̨֯䣬˼Ͳ򵥣£˼˱仯ǲЩˣ뵽ģǺӰ졣
ΧɢɢĲҲںˣҲк桢߻Ŀ֮ˣδѡ뿪Ǽפ㣬Ҫһ̽
֪
ЩڶĳЩԽˣȻЦһҡҡͷ
ˣϷ֣ɺڱɣֻϧޱرƿأϸټսңˮȸرأԳУֻЩ˵Ӷǰ
˵Ŀʵȷڶ˲ӣȻϡ
ɾǿҪתתǣѸȥ֮ʣ
ǵȫɫâ۶ɵΣǰ̤һ̧һֻ֣

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֮վŲҲãѸ뿪ҲգǹԳˣеһһˤڵأ
ǵϣһǿҵƣϮͷʼӰ쵽ǵĸй١
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һĸȻ䷢֣Լƺ˲˥࣬жܵӰ죬ͬʱһǿѹϣһֱмڲϵĸоǰ̤һͻͷأ
һ̣ڳ˶ǵͣ˽ŲתͷǵɫӰȥ
ȷе˵ǿģǵɫâ֮ˡ
һʱǵɴ۾
ֻǰ̤һȻ˴Ĺ֮ŤᡢţϣѸٱ˳ۡѥӡ
ҡһ䣬ģȥ¶ʵݣɫϵһɫɫ㣬ŵɫѥӡ
ǳǱ
Գɵ˼״ɫһƬɷס
Ԫ


502 ֮
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ȻûмƵ龰ӵء鼮Ͽ٣֪һֿ񻰵ֶΡ
ˣȻڹʧԼ˵ı仯Ϊ֪Ĳ࣬ûиеôȣֻǰɫӰϲɢĹϢƣøֵϵһʱԳܵĸоֻԽأҲ𽥼ѡ
ˣڳĶ֮ˣǿɱϢ֮ǿǣ˥ϡƣļ󣬾Ͷ٣ͷ·һ̶УԽԽǺ
һʱ䣬нǵɫӰͳǱĿԼ׺֮⣬˶һҪֵģ
޴
ע⵽Χ˵̬仯Գɵ˰ҡͷȴûдѡ
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ȼҳ¼ھ֣Ǿûʲô˵ˡ
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⻰һ˵ѹ˲ɢţһͨͨ죬ȴһ˽ڵء
еķÿһҪķѺܴе͵ʼϷɣҪƽϢ״
ЩһĶ㲣ɫ԰ףеͷ׷˿˲˥ʮʮһ㡣
书ߵԳɵˣʱҲ΢΢Ϻˮ乣ʪ͸
˵ɫҲһƬ԰ףƴ󲡳
ʣλеһ֣Ҳܵش
쾳ĸ֣ȭţƾƣǳ˲СĿ
֣ҧгݵ˵ţһ͵£ͷתҪŸոյһ˿ӵгͺĲҽһ

ҽУɫһ䣬׷ѯʣ֣ȴΡΡģһ࣬죬϶ģ
üͷԳɶƣǿŬȥ֣ȴ֪׷ʲôʱܣһĲҽ˷Ľ

ڲҽ֮һڵϲϷӰ
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㾰ԳɺȻɫ仯С⡱һֲԤУ
ʱ˺һ֣ǿָһ촽ѾںһƬĺƵزһ㡣
Ҫת⡭һ뾭ǿҴʹ󣡡֣һԼ˵˳ȴԵ˴ʧɫ
תԳɺȻȻΪ֣ΣΪԷյı֣ɾ֤ʵ˴¡
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Щʧݣһ˵ǿϴĵڣҲΪĸѪڶϵ˵ıǮǲʹãǡ
ԣͻȻȻüͷһ壬ѿĿָָԱߵطŵӰһأԭЩֻܶǷ̥ѪһΪͲֻתѪΪҲ⸱ģ
⻰һ˵Գɻһ뵽һֿܡ
Щز棬ܶಢһֳ֣ͬģʵѲ¡
֣֣˵һ뾭ͻʹ쾳ߣ򰾡ĥĶܲסЩûߣҲƱ֣˵ֻһܣڳ˵ţһȻߵɫˮ
Ĳǣ
ʹѪնҪ֮ϣԳһһٵ˵ţѪЩɣþ𶯣
ղҾ͸еƣѪƺѸ˥ϣǴģ
һˣ˷׷תͷٴοǵӰпν
ʱ򣬳Ǳٴοڣͽ䣬һգҹ뿪⻰󣬵ͺÿ˶һ㡣
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뿪״Ҳ޷ָˣ
ȻˣȻ޷;糣Ҫ뿪ճŴ󿪣ȥ򲢲ûհóȻߣһ⣬ǲŽԩǱգȴ޷ãץ
⣬ܹƾõƣ˵˵ֶΣڶ˸еЩ˼飬Ȼ￪ڷм˸ҿ
ˣ˵̾˶ǽˣͷѪ֪ģµľƣҪ
ʱЩոմʹлˣǱĿǿ־;ηһˡ
龰Ǳδ˵ʲôһתǵɫӰͬʱʧȥӰ
ȥֵϵ˲뿪
ԳɵԷĸףټͻȻҲҪҵ취ͬˡ
ʱȻһڵ֪˭ˡ
Ա졣
Ȼע⵽ղŵĿûУԳơĳٲȻΪ¼ھֵһӣ
ǳ¼ھ֮ˣôܣ¼һôˣ֣һŵģ
ˣԳȴǻͷ¼ҵȷʵֹһλ伣꣬ǰҵûȽ֮ڣû뵽ȴǻˣ
Ҫˣ˭֣üͷԽԽȴǴӾʹлָˡ
Ȼһ³һ֡
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߻Ըڸķ۳ģ
˺ôһƬԺ鿴ǰĳǱǾɫӰڰ׷Уڰɫסתг棺û뵽ƾۻһʡȥ˺ܶ鷳
ǱͻȻԺԺ˾֮£һʱûзӦǵҷͳȻϲղŵ֣ͬǿԳǱĸйЩ仯˷׽˿ηһʱᣬûǰ
糣ûѯʸղһսǵ۾ųǱ
ûô⻯Ͼȶ޺ģֻܳһʱԳ־á
ǱЦҡͷ߿ٻܹ֮γɣ˼ľҵõмΪСĲ֣ԵͣںǣԲ
˵ʱϲʱž죬£һ˿Ѹϡ
ʱҷڻعæǰЩСĵǱòˣúúɣʦѾõϢ֪Ϥ߱ʣղ˴ȥ
£³ǱᣬֲʦԸԹж㣬ѣֻƲ
ҷеʦǳǱ游


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ҷͳûеǰǱˣĲ˵ǲԶһҡڵصļˣǣǰ꣬ǿͨУ̺˵
еĳϡ֮ÿ˲õڳǱûʲôڵҷͳУȴԵֿĸ֣Ҫ˵˱ˡ
ԳǱȴһ۴ĸҷ綼ҵǱ
õ˻ش𣬵ҷ粻ҵ飬ҪųǱȥ
ʱĬ˰ĹͰ˹
ʦܡȽСĽĵҷͳ죬ȴ糣ҲųǱһֱһԵʣȥʦҪ˵ĻʦӴǰѾ̫ܲŭˡ
ŭ޷ܣǾǲ̫ˣ
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ǱϾǵëֻ꣬ǵͷδȲľҪȥ֤
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ĹҵǼһǵһҽڴˣ֢йأģҽйأȷʵʶһˣֻ˿ǡ
ڳǱ˼֮ʣͻȻ̽ͷѹ˺ࣺܶʦܡ
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ǰϺ͸һͬͶ¼ھ֣׸˷ϰ˳¼ʹӵݣҲΪʶǱֶΣĴη;ηڳ¼ǵʱ򣬶ûٲȻԼɳ¼ҵһˣ͹Ų顣
Щ鰡ǹܲˣξһվǰˣʦܵӣǹǸߵû߶ˣԺӦûùˡ˵ţ΢΢üͷԺŵļˣ֪棬ҡҡͷ
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ѽү̣Ǿڡ
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˵֣ô΢΢һЦʢ꼻ˣȥƳǱĸĸӣҲö֢ҩ

ڹ˽ӽĿĵصͬʱǱո̤һӡ
ӣھֲԶű˵Ժӡ
Ժӣǳ˰ݺٴӳ¸˵ģռز󣬵ڶ֮࣬󣬾ͱ˳ȥ
ڳˣǽסԱߵլ
ҹôĶӴ֪ʧĳǱˣʱһʶʲôҪԹȥӹʵ̫ûͲһӣӵţգ֪ͨҷ磬ϣܹһʱǱ
ʱԼǱǰࡢӢͦӰĵ׷һ˿֮⣬һЩ飬ȴ˷ǡ
Ŀ˥ˣĿйȴԽ
ǲˣӳǱ̤кܾͳһѹȸУޣƤԽˣҲֲˡ
ⲢǿΪ֮һְµı֣ͺʨ֮ڰޣ֮ڽӡ
ע⵽㣬֪ԼӣȣԶԶ
㡭ڻˡ


504 
һ䲻Сķ䣬Щƣг˸Ϳɬζ
壬ɬҩζ
ǰµˣǱҲЩ
û뵽ֻǶ̶꣬Լ游⸱ģ

Ѿˣȡ֮ģǸɱպһ壬ǻҲѾڣ񣬷·һ֮ܽ
ϵ̱ϣ˫оӣҲѻһƬɱ񡢿ѵ촽΢΢³˲ΡΡĻ
㡭ڻˡ
Ǳûж˵һ񣬵ͷǵģˡ
вһߣ游
ڳԱߣżˣֱ߿һλųǱĴ󲮸²ǬֱߣǳĴӣס
ǱЩǣ²ǬԱߣһ۵ӣ¶ϢĿɷǣ˵ݣȴͳǱеһ˸һ
ĵӣǱ壬ˡ
ųǱˣͣǰҷ羶ֱ˵˼䣬󣬾ԱߣʾǱȥſŵϡ
ǱδᣬͰ˷ͨϵ֪ǰЩˣ˵ǳ¸ġ߲㡱ˣʹѣӪ꣬Щ̵ģһЩӡ
ӣһӣԼͽܡ
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˷ͨڼǰ¸ؼصĳǱգΪڻ²Ǭ뿪Ϊ˽˵ĳߣĶ߶
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ⷬ棬ֳ˳Խҹ飬̶˽⡣
Ǳͷת֮ʣȻһת֪ΪԶ󣬸һʵ£һ£㲻壬¼ȴܲ£ԡ
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˵ʱԵúǼѣǿⷬҪ¼иǱȴԴûжȤ
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УǱ̧΢΢һǳϣһ˿˿翵ĺɫϢѨë˳ǣѸپۼ
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ܣôͳˣųǱ΢в죬Եĳ˳Ǳ֮ɫ仯ֹ
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ջ֣²Ǭ̾һ
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ͳãпӪΪڣһӴ˵ͻȻϮ֮󣬳¸˥ˣ¼˿ӣ˵ףزˣٶеơ·һЩƾ
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̹Ȼó¼֮Щõģ˿ܵõ鱨Դڴˡ
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Ǳһȭֱֱȥûа㻨ɣ֮䣬̻ԶҽǣȴһְϷȵĸо

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һ£һ·磬֣ݣֻ÷ϧ㷴ãż£ԷԾʵӲȥ
ƴһڱԴ콣ֱ飡
֪һ죬صԪΪӴˣʶʹָ
ˣıԴǿ飬Զһ˺֮£ʶܵش˶ʱήҡ
ڱǱֱڵϣһϧ˫ֶѣڿ飬ҲѪҺʧһʱ֮䣬Ȼո̧𣬾ˤ
⸱ģڶ߼˱ܣϵıãȻž¶֣
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ЩС֮ݴһƵ˵ģǺһЩģҲɫ࣬鼱֮£ĻڣѪҺٻ
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Գ˶⣬ϸֳ̹ĵĿ־塣
Ƕһؾľ֣
֣ȺСڷĶһ
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ͬģֲҶ˼ڶһͻȻ֮Щı䣬ͽĻֱ۱֡
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ֻǶ̶һϢʱ䣬һޱƾ͵Ȼ޴棬ַ飬ΪѪ꣬ȫѪҲԣ
Ǳֱ˲ӣǱ˼㡣
ԦȴǱأһǰһʱһϢʱ䣡
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ֻǣܺϣһֻƭӣǳǱҲôǿĵףһͷȴԽǿҡ
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ⲻܰɣٸߣŶͣôܡ֣˵ţԽԽͣٲܣʵʤ۱磬ǰһ˵һС
̤ն飬ǹı֣˽ʱನ˲ˣвֱӱ
ߣֻת۾͵ƶˣӲ֤ʵ˳ǱĳΪ
һ붼޷ľ磬Ҫ֪쾳ǵоѾǸ߲ʵĽ˵ˣһ㡭
񻰣
񻰰ľ簡
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пţԳĿһת䵽̨ϣǵӰ
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Ҹղż仰˵꣬Щ˶ۣҵһ£Ǳ֣ⷬȴֱӽǶסˣʡ˲ٵĹ书ǿǺð
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ڼžĻԵøʱ˴˸£ʱûٸСˡ
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514 Ψһ֮
λǰԣʶ鲻ڳ¼ھ֣δƭǣֻǳĳҲ֪տƾƾ࣬޷ȡˣǻǰŵó¼ҲҵССģʵڳܲ𡭡
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ʮȻ书ԼھСЩ˿ҲųǱһЩŴɺͳ͢УһС㣬
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ˣΨһΪӣΪھ֣Ϊ¼ңˡţлԽ
Ȼһɫ˲ɷף
ţ֣ôˣ֣¶ɻ
ԱߣԳɱҲɻ󣬵漴ɫһ䣬亹졣
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нѸ٣Ĭɫء
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һֵУװĺ̫زڼ»㱨֪Ǳ֣ǰġ
ϢѾͨڻ֪ɹٸ;Լ緽һȦӣԺ֪ܿ
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Ǳ
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ӳصǣٴȥգֻͣפԱᣬͽҪ̳ȥЩˣЩ˱Сﲻ𣬱Χ̨һͲˡ
ҲǸ֮ˣ磬֪ʲôʲô˲ǣʲôʲôûرܡ
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˵ʲôɵɣĪǶһţ
ͣ²ӣؿŸͨ籨ŵˣз
Ŷһ죬£ľжţԷݺȥأ·ܣͨĳаվͽ֮Ϊ֮
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鶼˵ˣͨĹϣʱԸʱһһʮ˵ǱǱȥߡ
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ˣҪظλĻ֪ͬϵȥ
ǻظȥ¼ңͷҲصĸ˴𰸡
¼ңĻһ㶣һͷ

ڲһûжãԶ̨ƬطͻȻһ󾪺
²Ǭ˵õĿ죬̨ϵǵӰһ鸴ӡ
Χ˷ܶ˸ֻ̿֡
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գĳһ֮ʶ֮¾ʹ˽ᣬ˾ǡ˻ƽϡ⼸仰϶˵ţ󣬽һģ
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Ŷӵݣ²Ǭ¶ЦݣúչĸףҪκٸ
Ǳ֣صص˵ͷų۾֪֣֮ĲϢѸٴӶԷɢڿС
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һನȻͬСɡ֣˵ţ䵽˶һϣûжãͿôһĻҲסˡ
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˿ԶȻصӰ̾Ϣһ粻ֻΪνʶ顭
Աߣ²ǬҲҡҡͷû˵ʲô۵ȴһ˿Ȼ
飬Ӷһ𣬾Ѿעˡҷ̾Ϣˣǰ
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䣡
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ΧڶһˣֽٴС
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¡
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Уһġꡱ죬߲ëȻǹ
̳ɢȥӶֻ¼ʮѪģӰ̱ࡣ
ŵӣȫ
Գɵһתͷ̨ȥǰһĻʼٸߣֻ̨ϵˡ
һȴסˡ
̨ϣǱų²Ǭվţʲôûһ㣬ϣһӰ֣ţֱ
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ȺУһѵվſȫѨԪɺԵĵѸٳӯѾָ̤֮ʱܹɳ뿪
ǣλȴûаҪ뿪˼˵ѾĴ㣬ֻǴؿǵӰ૳߽
ӰʵཫɵףĪڡ
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515 
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¼ھֵУ϶ʰ˵š
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ǰղǰΪôȡϵʵ۱ƣӹ̱˴˹ϵͼ£ϧƻȴ;Ʋԭõš
ü¼ھ֣һССʦӡڴ͢ǱһۺԶƽ£Щλ㲻Ҳֻһʦң
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գǱӶȥú˵˻ſʼʰ
ϽǱļöҩ˳պá
Ǹģšþһͨȹ磬ʼңʶһۡһ£֪⼸öҩĲοԳǱΪóĵҩȻǷ֮ϣΪ˾һТġ
һ㣬ҲģЦЦⶫǱң˻ϲڻᣬõ˱˷ѣһиʲôʣҲӦԡ
˵⣬ƴǣҲ֣վҲգŰɣҪʱֱӹΪҪˡ
˵䣬ݡ
˵Ϊ˱ҩЧҪϺõİʢŵҩۼûǰصֻЩ״ƿá
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Ӳõ۾æлסϣ¶УӲ
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ҲƴǣЦЦүˣˡԺҲùôˣҿɻűءȴǷǳϲϱ
΢΢һ죬ûж˵ʲôɵϡ
͸Ͷڶϣֳ͡Ϣ

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ҹڣһֱȴʱ䣬¼ҵǲҴ
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̾Ϣһ뵽ոչӣȴ·ȴʹЦϳο֮ɫ
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ⷬ˵ૣһ仰˵꣬ЦȴԽԽ
⣬վ
ǳȨʱʿ¼ʧƣû뿪Ȼٺ»΢ȴ벻ԳνĹ˺ӹһղһգ˱һֱػԡ
ڣﴫЦǶһۣ۵ֳϲ⣬Ѿ֪ǱϢˣ֪˳õƣѱǱɻ⣬δˬЦҲ΢Ц
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䣡
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ţһӸ߿մ˹ķ
ѭȥʱԭء
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Ϣвٱ仯ζŨң˿ϢʣڳǱġ
¼ھĽֵϣվھǰ̧ͷԶ
Ϊ׵ģһŮӣƤ𪣬һͷ˿ƮɢķɫԹ죬ֳһֺڵ÷ɫ
ŮԱߣվһĽ˶ˣ˸һŵζ
־Ҳİʦ߶ʱͻγ֣ʦǧľɫأѸʵӰ˵š
źɫ˿Ůԣҡҡͷ࣬ߵҪǿ̫ˣΪǽǧľֱľֲ֮ڣҲܴ֮߰áǧľǰͬΪҪ͵ף
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Ů΢΢һЦôĪ㻹ɱʦ֮ͷ
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꣬ʦҽͳǱ֣ɥʧħ֮УͳǱνɱʦ֮𣬲֪Ϊνס¼ңҺҽڴһͬķ֢κˡ
ߵŮӣƺ˷ǳϤ
ҡ˶һ٣ʦǱɱǲҲûлĵĿơ
ЦЦһˣŮ˵ӶŹʵ๼
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ҲתͷȥһɫӰӳ
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Уʮһʳ
Žʮ߻ǰ߹ʧڽֵǣ˲͵Ĵ˿ȻҲˣѵҪȥǱ
ΪǱԵУ¶֮ɫ
ѵôЩһŵػ¼ң֪նɱ˶Сɱˡ¶⡣
ˣǽڴš˵һ䣬ͱ첻ԣһתһ˳Ŀ⿴ȥʱһɴµòŮӡ
û뵽ҽھȻдŮ̾Ϣ
ʱٴδϵһϡءѸת


516 ߵ͸
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ϵѹеĿ־ȴΪĥˡ
ڶˣȻûݺὭʱһ˫˫۾ֻ¾ֺ;Ŀ߶̨ϵǵӰϡ
Ǳվ̨ϣųѾûϢͺ󣬱еһ˹ڵϣϵɫѾ˳׵ľ
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ڳÿˣظܵɢǹϣѹǵѹ챻ѹˣиǳſ־壬ֱƵ
ǣƶ˵Ԩĥ

ȺУԳɵˣŹͼʶܱ仯еľֱñīݣΪǺ·Ҫתʵʲô
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Աߣˡҷ硢ҲһųǱ˫īӣĵײ
²ǬͬѹǳǱԲûΣ
Գ²Ǭ˵ۿһߵƣѾĺܶೣʶ۹Ұһµĸ߶ȡ
ǣ˼ôȣǱߵǰһ̣Ǹ۽ȴȫɢֻʣ¿־塪
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ǱͻȻ˵һ仰ݿ־ĳ²ǬľȻ֣ӹ
ԱߣҲǱ仰ѣڵֶ㡭
Ļû˵꣬Ȼֹ
ΪǱͻȻȻֱӹڵء
͸һ̡ƽûмҲûаԹƽˮ
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ϣǵɫͻȻһͷؼȻһ
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ţˮУһƬĪĿռ䴫֮һֻè۾ɫйӰ˸ֳӰŨһ㡣
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תˣ
˵ţèվɫǾ֮⡣
ǡǸǱתۼһ壬Ҳܴһ񡣵ȵȣԣԣأδϱţսң˽гǱֵܽгиֵܽг죡Īǡ
ڵèϣֳ˰ľ֮ɫ
Īǣˮ֮಻Ӧںˮϣǡ
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ǰ²Ǭ΢΢оƺʲôϵѹ࣬ǿǱĿȴһ˿Եľη
һߵף䣬׽˶еη壡
뵽ԼͶĽ飬ӲͷƤĿʵֶʲô㣿
⻰֮⣬ʵڰʾǱֵòСȻǱȥ죬ҲǳصģҪ֪Ǳ׼Ӧԡ
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Ǳ˵ţһת
ǱɣҲԣɫһ䣬ò롭
ֻǣĻδ˵꣬ǱͻȻ̧

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һѪۡǿվĶһɫ䣬ĸ֪ܹĲ׽Χ仯ԵһʱͱǴʲô磬һ۵˼Ԫ
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ԳɡȻһۣ¶֮ɫЦԱߣ֣ƶŲҪԶ˴һ̣ͷ­ͬʱըѣͷڵء
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仰ҷ˱һʶƽ꣬ĵ׵ķŭǺεȵľ춯أ
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Щǡע⵽һصͷУϵƮڰǱǣţ۹
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ڼ˵ľֺɻУǱ͵̧ͷӰҡҡͷ
ҿɲǵԼ֮ģ࣬ҵγɵġ
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517 Ҷ
ףǱһޡ
ǱкڰֱͦͦĴϣԭԽӰ󡭡
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գӦץסһлʼɣһ仰˵꣬Ǳ̧͵һ

֮һȥΪˣȴǣǱ۹ȥ
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ֻǣǱȻĻڣͷȴʮѣ֪γɣǻԷɡ
Ҫ֪Ǳ̺ż֮鵤һԪ̶ȣ֮񾳵಻ضãкзأҪ˵֮
ʧأ֮£мºڵ±һཫɵľ档
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ֻǿеĹ䣬ȴóǱǣӴһ·ڳǱ˵̵ģԣֵĵ˵ϢΪһţֱȥ
ķţǽкأǳǱûȫ򣬵Ϊ֮ǰҶݡ컯ĽӴԿһ˿أ
һг֣һǰһĵһᱻȡΪֻ
໹δ׳ͣ޳Ǳʶֻ֣һ㱻룬ʴ֮£顣
һ飬еĳǱʶҲҪܵشľʹֱʶϣ˷
ɾʹȴ˿κβóǱ͵񾭣ûбֳһ˿һǷſȫѨȫ
۳Ӱ࣬Դּº֮ǣ˷ԲԪ۶ɡ
ʱ֮Ľṹʧȴȶ̬ԭʣֻҪ΢ƽͻָħ𡢺⡢֮ϧδǽṹȶ֮ʹݹ֮Բ׽ţֱǱѨ֮ڡ
Щ֮ǣԪʧȴ˺ģҪɢݿͳǱʶӣ֮һǱʶԺХ䣬ʵʣ
䣡䣡䣡
Եĳ²ǬˣֻϵͻȻ⣬Ϊǵصϫת۾ͽǱǣķ𣬸ѸС
ɣɣɣ
ǱͷתȫעĲٿţЩԪһԵڣѪ⣬ϴȫռоѸᣡ
ᣡᣡᣡ
ЩųǱʶԪŻΪδ໥ײ
ײײײ
ǱǼޱȣǿȾԪײɳܵס

ÿԪײóǱڴ죬Ƴײӣ𵴣˵ڵѪҺ֮һһģҪסѪļ󣬾Ǽˡ
书ĳ²Ǭǲɫ죬ȥ
ײУǱľУԪתɵһδײԽʵѹ
ѹѹѹ
ڣ
һҺˡ
Ԫ
Ԫĳַ·Ǹ㣬óǱʮ澭֧УԷӦ
ԪĲϲ䣬ѸٱΪһεԪ
Ԫ֮ռռҪСԭĹ͵ľΪ֮һգֻʱģգۼ䣬иͨ쳹صӴޱȣΪʵʣҪһԪ൱ˣǳǱȫѨɣ޷һ
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Щ˵ÿһתתĹ򣬲Ϣʱ䣬ϫͱǱһգѹΪԪ
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ǱεĻᣬеתԪ
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Ԫ֮Ҫǿʮʩչضŵʱ򣬱пͻưٱ
ǱȫΪԪս̱ʮ࣡
鵤
Ǳ鼰֫ٺԪʱ纣ˮ˳Ѹȥȫû뵤С
һ棬ʼͱ׽ĺ֮ʱȶҪΪԭ̬Ϊħ𡢺⡣
ʱǱһֱд֨죬ǹڼ𶯡
Ǳ۱ϣָǣͳ̶Ϊȫ֮ڣ˿˿ڰϢƮɢɢݱõϢ
ţ֮˻ڳǱʶʹ֮£ͺڰϢΪһϵУ۹ڡ
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Щ֮Ȼṹȣʧȴԭ̬۲Σ֮ǲ٣һУѸɢǱص
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Ǳһͷݹȥֹ֮ͣ룬ԭ·أȴǱص˳

ɸ֮һ鵤ͬʱһһֱӷɳ
磬Ǳһ죬³һᾧ
ᾧɢŹϢٲе΢ɲѷ죬󣬴ĺ֮קǵĸ֮ײڽᾧϣȻ˳ǵѷᾧ֮ڣ

ᾧͷų۹âһӰֳǲܿʵòҲȻͳǱһ޶
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һҶƬǱһ죬֮У븹Уֱ뵤
һ̣鵤ɫĻ磬ƮɢӣòҶӣγһǣǿŴ۷Χм䡣
ַڣԪӯһϸСѷ¶ѷ¶بŻϢ
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ŵڵƽ⣬Ǳһ³һ´ž죬Χӿķɢ
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518 ޴ٽ𣬱
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ʥǲοǺԴʵϹŻޣ̲صİر֮ħҲضá
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ֻǣǱۺڰл࣬ûѡʱ뵽ǰɵ伮УһЩݡ
ഫʱ߹۷壬ֻһţȴϸϸĥֻ̤Ϊ˰ĥϻۡĪǱҲ㣿ˣһ̤񾳣ʱͻͽɴ˿
һţԽΪΪ죬˸ܲǱսǺεȵĿֲ
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ֻܷŵ̬һʱº󱨸ͨһж⣬Էܸ֪
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ܵϢһܵؾҪոջܵͷųǰγ֣ƶ
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һֻǿһۣʹʧɫ
ܣȫԪ۶ɣ۷ߣҲܾۼôԪ
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һɻ֮ɫӹǻûӸղŵѹͿлָͼҴҵĴܡ
ſɢȥ̨ΧһֳʱֻһƬǽݡ
һ߾ͷʬ嶼ɳ˴Ƭĸ̨ҲѾױľʯɢڸ
ǣ׵עģɻһеʼٸ߳Ǳȥ
ղŵľо֣οȥҲС𺳺ͰˣģȴǵǣŻڵһʱȥѰǱӰ
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⻰¶Ȼˣȥ
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Щӡӡڵϣƾѹȥӡ۵ıԵȴ⻬ƾ֤û˿ѺۣͺȻɵһ㡣ֻǣ׵Ȼ֪ԭƬ棬ûֺۼġ
ǡģϵı龪ɲһһĽŲ쿪ȥյ㣬ȴԶĳǽ
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Ҵܹµȥʱ̾ϢһߵԱߣӳ²ǬϽӹ˳ӣͷһۣЩ˱ǽ֮󣬳ǱֶҲҪȥָ˵ɡ
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ˣЩ˲ӣǵı󣬿ɻء˵ҷЦһ˳ᢣʤǧЩɶЩﰡ
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¼ھڣ̫زѾȴʱҲѾ¿е̨֪֮ط飬˶ǱɱƤͷͷԼĴ㶯ҡ
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ܿ죬˳³󽫣һˣͷ׺ݵĽֵǲҿ


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Ҫ֪һˣѧҲҪķϣͺʸ߳ûйؼһɾͣһ
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526 һ
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Գɫ԰ףʮ㣬в㵭â֣档
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ڶ೤ϵĶ棬Ǳ۾ƮΧɢһһزĿӡ
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ԽΪ֮ˣԿע֮ԽܵǿֻĵĲֻǿߵڵѪ
仰˵֮ˣƴ
ߵΪԽߣĴ֮ԽˣĵԽ࣬ʧҲԽ졣
ʧ˵ʲôϾǹԽԽߣҲԽʢѪӯӳֲʧ
ǣԳЩͲСѾﵽޡ޿ɽĳ˵ɾƴˣܽ漸һӾþˡ
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Χĵ汻ɢ裬ϸСʯޱȣתۼ䴩͸ʮӵѪ졣
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תͷͬʱԶǿ˥ˣȡ֮ģӿɫ棡


527 ޿ӣ£
绨ſɢĻ긲˺ôһƬռ䡣
֮ͻȻȥҲ죬һת۾ڿУ¶еǸӰ
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һ󷨣ϪʦҪ죬Ǳֵˣ˵ӣǱҲ˲СɱϾû˵
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ץסᣬ˵նɱһսҿɺѳУȻлͲܷŹ
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һˣǱὥƽڿӣ̧ץѨһһɹɫӿΧȶȶЩɫ䣬ַ׷׺ˣһһܵÿ졣
ϻ֣˳ųǱƳȥٶȿ쵽˼㣬һΣ;Ĳľȼתʯ飡
˺תṦһ·ۣʱҲع֪´˵һ̤ˮƮ
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ۿҪӰ׷ϣпһ֪á
ĿһתԱ߾ͻȻһҧһ££
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Աߣ֪ʱ۾ٴʱɫһףſѪ
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Ǳţû˿ͣ٣һ֮ٶǣķԪ۹ʱ䣬ͽʮߵĿ˲仯ʵʵѹ٣һռճ̡
ǽʮþ˺̶һ㣬γͣٶȶټ
ʽΪ仯Ī⣬ʮ߼״̬κα仯۵ȴһĨԲϲ⡣
΢΢һں֮䣬γһ𶯣ǡõķѹŨѹѪ̳ٶ˲Ƴһ㣬˳Ǳĺǰ
һ¿Ƽ򵥣ڶ̶һ˲ʱͨ򵥵Ĳȴֳ޾仯ƺ޼ɣʵȻﵽ˼ɵļ£
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ԭҲľ֮
ľ֮һ֮
пʽй⣬Ͷ㣬ˡ֮£
˵䣬ѪѾߣֻҪǰٽ磬ͽᴩǱͷ­
ڣǷĽѾǱķ˿ǻѰߣɽһ壬пͷ­
Ǳȴ治ɫŵһ̧ɫɫɫâ桢ͿϢƾճ֣ӿ
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䣡䣡䣡
Ե˼㡢ᵽ˼㡢ҵ˼׵ı
ȡϺ٣ֽȻͬϢ֮ɢÿһֵҰҪŰ£һɢ䣬ƻȴǱٿڹƼ䣬类λΧ£Ȼ仯ͻҲƿأ

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һ޴Ģֱ֮䣬ɽ׸ǡ
沨̵ʯʵţˮ㣬أԼ޸ء


533 𡢰
Ǳһǰ𶯣ͷųϢȥֻס˼Ľ಻ϵĳȥڽʮߵϡ
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ÿʱỵ̈Ѫⶼڱ仯ʮߵҲֱ仯Уһһ㣬Ԩ
ˣʮ߻δһһ⣬ֻǴ̽ˣǽ
ĳۡ񡢷
ǳǱм£赲͸֮£ܿ촩͸һͺ⣬һй¶˳ǱѪ⡣
ϣһϸСѪţɺѪҺ֮衣

ÿй¶Ľ⣬һӴǱӣƿƤ⣬ԳǱȾǣҲԵֵ
һ̣ڳǱѪһЩǱ˵ɼ񡢷˼Ľ̼
Ŷû뵽ȻЩӦ
Ǳͷһͬʱϣȭⱬں֮ƣֽܵм£ת
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ǰһĨ԰׵Ӱ֣ʮߵ˽ǰ
Ŀԡ

䣡
ţϴݡ
Уٷɳ۵΢΢һͣӣתͷӣüͷ΢΢𣬸ҡҡͷǰС
нǰһԼɼ
ƽûжõĺݳǣڵֱ֮ЩɧңЩͨڻãֻǶڼУǳбʿ۴ȴǸɫ䣬ɹ
ڳ¼ھ͵̫زͬȴû
ڲĶ棬ȵϵĳ²Ǭֻüͷһ壬״˵û˿仯ܴ˼ȻģǳĳԵ֧֣ϾԽԽԣɴƫƫʱ£ȥ˭ûкôǸ˳ʰˡ
˵ţ豭һڣһ˫۾Ų塣
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ֻҪ΢Щˣ֪Ѷ֪ǳ¼ҵĳǱҲ⡣ֻιҪǱƣȥһЩ飬ȻˣȻҶ˵ʲô
²Ǭ±ӣǳ¼ҿִ֧ƿغݣֻǾӪǱߡ
ӪǱߣбͲγˣʱ죬
˼˵ţѾƽϢֻǲ廹ǣģͻԵûþǡ
²ǬҲͳ⡣
Ȳһʹ۵ıӰʧڽֽǣһӳ²Ǭû뵽˶Ұģ֮ǣСҪˡ
˵䣬һߵ²ǬߣĴӡӣ
ֻǣϾǳ;ӪǱЩϵǻã㲻ȣ˺Ӧòʲôǰ;
²Ǭԣҡҡͷ֮£Ҫô͹ϣԳ֮࣬滹дУһãͲǱ죬ǱϪɨԣ֮ǰЩЩȨƵס棬صľӣҪȷݹӦˣ
˵ţתͷԼƺҪ˵ʲôȶԷڣͳϣ֪˼ΪͬҲλᡣֻǳ¼ұϾ첻㣬ܵͷ־裬Ǹɴµϣֲ١
⻰üͷ΢΢룬˵ͷȻˣȫƾװšȻתһתָֻܲովǰ飬ƿνΣķ֪ҪôţǷȥѰܣţ
²Ǭڰ֣Щ˼ԺҪȥǲǱǡǡ෴Ҫʱ׼ʲô飬ҲҪţҵ˼㶼ôǱǳ¼ǷҪΪƾǡֶΣһʵܣ
⡭Գɣڵľ桭
ض˵ˣǱǰ㣬ҲӦѾˣʱǾİ£һ˵ûаţҲûϵͿԼı»Σ
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˵ҶܴڼȻΪȨˣǼ屾һЩأ͸øһˣǵͷҲ仯ǡ
ܵԼ׻евů⣬صص˵ͷһͻȻӸ׵ĻƷζһ˿ͬѰζ
ף˼ƺѯʳ
⺵ݳǽд䣬ұУҪ˳ġ
һѹ궯е⡭ϾΣգаţȴִ£δˡ
²ǬҡҡͷƲɼãôȫ飿ҪõʲôȾҪԼеģض˵ˣȥɡ
̬ȼٶ˵һתҪȥ
ʱ²ǬͻȻֵˣЩӶ游ЩСû¶ȥһۡ
Ųһ٣˵ͷȻ첽ȥ
ȴûпĳ²ǬıӰȴ
˲ԶһӰУһ̬ĳһ˵ĬȻ
ԺǱĸϸոմӻˮ顣
⣬ںý̸ոոϡ
⣬һӰ۶ֱɹ¼ھ֣ûãھֱæµ

Ҳ˵ݳı仯ΪǱͽʮ߽֣𶯣ܹ㣬֮Ҳ΢𵴡
𣿡
ţһ֧˵ͣǰΪ׵Ľܵ˵𶯡
ÿ˶糾͵ģӣ¶žâ书е˸زı֡
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ƬϣΪˣǸˣ£ȻһԳ˽


534 Īȥ
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еɢΪ׵Ľȴɻ󣬶ڵ˵Ҫ飬Ǿ췵ȷԼλã
ӽôҴҵĸ᲻Ⱥʲô˵
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⻰ģ׵ķӣֻǳǱΪĪ⣬򲻵ѣǲҪжԵĺãһĸ֮ˣǰ¼ңǰģȡһǿԮȰѳɣԸ
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Īõƹʿ¸һ磬⼸ӵ˲йسǱϢ֪УͳǱүүȻìܣɵģ㲻ޣ˺ͽ˼
ڣӶ붼룬ֱӾܾȻ˵ùûʣʵ϶ǽڣֻΪ˽𣬲ҡҡͷ
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ĪţȴӶĻ˼·صǣǳǱֻܲһʱ˵ģǺݳƣסˣͳ¼ٲﻹҵ֮ǽǡȨ
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ҵΪһԤףʱ˺;УȻǩһЩҵλϢһָʵЩԼҲͶˡ
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нֵϣ;֮˼ǣ׷ױá
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ڳĲ棬ЩɫϢһ·Ʈڳǳ֮ϣγһףģ壬һ˫ɨݳǣһж۵ס

ڻӶһǵͬʱɽ֮أĳƽϢ
䶨ԭѾӰֻµһףһϸۡ
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Щò־ԴҽᾧǳǱȺ󼸴μԦ־ԶԵ֮Ѫеġ
־棬Ǳһֱѹƣνĥһֱ򣬿߽ϣԽԸǲСһء
ǱΪҪЩ־ҪԼˣܴϡ͡ѹû뵽κͽʮ߶Կʱ̣Ǽ˼Ľ͸Ѫ⣬̸ֱ˯Ѫϸе־ˡ
ǽֱָѪҪѪ⳹׻ɶҡ־ĸ߿νһ־׼óǱҵᣬʶǣȫ־Ӷ
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뵽ǱĿһת䵽ԶǵӰϡ
ʮ߾ţȴһ㽣ֻǽŰΧ棬ʮߵӣҲڲϵĸֳ˿ڣѪɽ
Ȼʧء


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ͨˣһЩ־ᶨߣջ󣬱ѣҲҪҡΪһԼںΪһΪȻԼ޷ưԣҲḻһο֮кܶá
ֻǣǱȴԼҪʲôҪЩԼεҪ룬ӶǱĬӰԼӸ
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˵Ҳ֣ۺ֮С֮󣬾ȻѸССͷҲ֮СԭСֻڣѹ˼֮ʡ
ͬʱСϣ͸֮ʼϸ΢仯΢ȴ಻ϡ
磬˳ųǱ˫ĽӴݹǱ˫ǻ³ڵγӡ
ЩǱһоĸɣǰһЩѸÿһޱȡ
еزľȷ̶Զȣ¸żʮ꣬ÿһ
ֻǣʱЩȴͻȻ˲ĤóǱøңԶʱȴ·ۿӰ㣬Թߵĸо
ҡҡͷǱһһһǰ
·עҪȥ
ͷ£Ѿʧڶߵĵƽϡ

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µһ۹֮ơ
ޱŻ֮һӣڹڵͱԭ֮䣬ǧ֪赲˶ٴκ¡
ȻʷУ۹ҲƶΣУǼ֣꣬һΡ
ԭפڴ˵ĴؽϪйϪȡ⴦۹ء
ŴϪأ⴦۹صΪϪ屾Բԭǲԭͳಿ䣬ΪԲԭв͡
֮ģó𣬴̼غͲԭͨޣǣŹγ˼С
ֻǣ꣬ϪģĴӲԭƾӱأԲԭĿ𽥼ڶ޲彥ٰ֣ŵļֵ֡
֮ģرפأֱֻ̼ϾģҪʩչһЩֶΣһȥóֻǶҪͨĹؽڡ
ǣ£ϪŹرͿҪֹƵԭԣŹվǳ׾ܣεؽ󣬸ǽ䱸ɭϡ
ϵ棬ֻҪ߰ĹǮ̲飬ǿͨеġ
Ǯǹˣƴһ̣һĻﶼҪϽֱϸ˿Ⱑ
׳ĹǰһӸմӲԭص̼ϣһԹ
Ǯ߰ͨǱǮչĻǱһ֣ǼëƤٻôһʱ֣
˵νǮҲֱĹ˰ֻǲϽ͢ˣó׵̼֣ٶЩϵңԭΣķûһ͵һҲҳԡ
С㣬Źڲ˾ȭŵӣҪǱȥˣˣڵλؽ˾ľȭӣ
Ա֮˵ıԹæȰο
ҲʶʧԣСΧ˼ۣע⣬ŷġ
ӺŹ·̣ɽ
ȭűɽϣǾȭӴ󣬵ӱ鲼ڰ׹̶漰һССˣǵȴɣֻ·һ
һʱͿˣ˵˵ŹоȭҲ֪Ǽ١
⻹м٣ŹڿǾȭŵǮӣʧ˵ǰ£˹򲻴ЩһȭʯôţѶһһĳ࣡
˵ţ˸ƵĶ
Ա֮˱һô׺ݣһ뵽һ£ˣЩϿ²ǷЩ˵ģǾˣղŻʱ򣬲жӺ׺ںôǻӣǾͶˣ
ǶӺҲע⵽ˣҪ˵ǲûҶ֣󣡡
˼ǣ
˵ôװɣ˵˾ǲͬӵľȻǸǣȻƤ˵㣬ΣԴ
ţ⽥ƫǰһ껺;֮˼ˣȲ⣬󣬲˵ͷӶָŵ棬¶졣
ֻǵϣÿһ̤䣬һӡ


537 ԭ͡
Ѱǣ˿ȷҪôҪ֪ǹŲƴˣǰŹأһƲã徫ܿȫû
Ź⣬ԭ֮ϣһ־һƤƵһģ䵶ϹŹ
Ǳ׼Ĳԭס硣
˵ģһȥʮˡ
ʮ꣬޿˵׳꣬ڲԭϣȴѾ˥˵ľء
ԭຮҹ²޴ÿ껹аʱݺĲӰʮ־޴ۣܵ۷ʱ̡ܶ
ԭ֮ˣʱڿʼҪ䣬ǴżҾţ;Ǩ㣬ЩȻĥǣòԭŮʱ졢ǿ׳ȴ͸֧Ǳһֻ꣬ҪΪѪǱٽ׳֮ˣҲҪѸ˥ˡ
ʮͣʹǰģǲмᣬһ겻һ꣬ʮ꣬ĺˣҲǲԭһֱӼ̳ƵԭΪӵ۷Ѿ࣬һ˥ˡãܴŲΣķĲԭ棿
ǰʮӣϸֳߡɶǹûѪܻܱƣѾʼ˥ˣڲ˾Ӷߣڿƣȴֺģǳˣû˸Ҳ졣
֤Ȼ˥ˣȴпǲͷ塣
ڱˣȴһ˵ĴߣֻǣȴǸŮӣ
ŮϣһסһųޣڷҲƤ·¶˹˫ۺͰسȣƤԺڣ£ȴŵ
ӵĳüͷһ壬һϾɢͣǸֵܣγҴ죬ôҪָֻţ
ǱΪ͵ԣҡҡѰǣ˿㲻Ҫεľ̫ðˣϾˣֵΣһŵ𹥣ĲȴûǰϣʱŹеؾɱһǸ͵ֵˣ
Ůҡҡͷ𲿽ģִֻУȻ˼ѾˣŵУ˽ᣬȻǹŲҪܵӹ
Ц˵òҵ˼ǲҪĵŹأһӣҪΪԻǴͷǱŹصشãǹŲΣһٽô˵һӶ᲻ū
ֶ̫ˣѰǣ˿ˣֱҡͷңƴд󲿷˶ˣؼʱȫԻȥͶŹصδĻὫǸϾɱһǺ𲿾ͽޡ
üͷһ壬ɸֵĵʲôӲӵģҿǱ˵Щ˵ŪͷˣǼ걻׽Ҳ֪Ǹ㽲ʲôھȻһһˣԭϣʤΪֻҪܱס壬ʲô鲻
Ѱǣ˿⻰ҲŭҡͷҲ֪סΪҪǾͲĺ𽻶Ų֪һЩ飬ܶ˶ֵļӣǷʲôǵǰǹŲȻһʱΣҲ³
⻰һ˵üͷĸ۵һâ
͵һϵЦһʲô֣Ǹġӡô㱻ץסܴ裬ھȻһӶ£˵ȥȿղŲԼͰûˡ
˵ʱ򣬰ѡӡҧĺأϵĳ֮⡣
ŮˣҲŭֻǵ˵һ䣺˵ĿֲͲֻѿ֮졣£һսȥ
⿴ţȥӦ
ڣѾŷԶȥ
ƺǱŮӵȻ̬ȼŭˣӿһĨ졣
ƹǲҪŭʱǶͿڵŮ˻ЩֶεģȻҲᱻƳִƲȨ
Ů˶ѡһǸзӻڣͲ֪ʲô˵ŮūˣҾͲˣȻļֵܶǺˣΪλôһŮˣ
ҡҡͷ㲻Ҫ̫ϾѪղ壬ҪȢɶصģֻ֮ǰһҪɵȻôһ忴ڱϣʳѰ
˵öԣŮĵҪˣô죿ƹǲüͷ
ЦһõģѾ˸Źˣ׼ȥ޻أʱȺףñ̲
Ǹܵ
ǸӶ˾ôö֮ؽ̸ţ˿˼ԱΧŵļֻ֣ЩȴƸûʶԸӻеĺ壬ƽ糣

ڹⰵӿ֮ʱŹڣؽۡУһĴ󽫷ҵȴ˵Ļ㱨
Ŷ˵иμɵˣԼڶʮꣿÿһҪڵһӡ
ҵʧЦһڿٰ֮ĸɵĺ֮㣬Ϊ˵ΪҪȥԭݺһȴΡˣع
˷ҵķԸǱŵĸһ£Ȼŵˣ˲Ǵ㱱ȥصģֱ֮ת
ҵ΢΢һ
ŹΧļһƬϿȣΪǧʴɣòն񣬳һ㲻㣬䶼ΪҪǣһ·ǰУΨһȺ۾ֻ֮С
Ҫȥȭţ
ͨһ㣬ҵüͷ
ļҵĺ㲻֪أҪǰȭţûʦų죬ҪųżҹĿûżҪó·Ǯ
ⷶҵǾȭŵӣһŹ޵㣬쾳ֻһţǾȭĺ֮㡣
Ҫǣⷶҵļ屾ͱڴϪٳвСԷҵһʦֱϣѾ˺ŹָʹλãձȨһؽͨҪ
ȭ֮ƶںŹغɽ֮乹˲پݵ㣬ϣʢ
˷粻ɳ㴫ȥסʦУжᡣ
ߣҵĻո£Ǳߣһϵ֮
ҵ¾ͽҰɣҪȥǸɵСδ̫Ȥ罫صС׽ʦúùܽһ¡
ҵɫһ䣬æվ񣺡ʦ档
ţһ߽á
뷢԰ףԲģǺ⣬պһ˫Ӿ񣬼ҵ˰֣һЦ˵˺Щˣǰɨ֮ǵġ
߱˵С
ӺԲԶ̣ƶ㣬£ȴڿУǰУ


538 ²
Сֵܣʹͣûз˻ظǲܼǰеģȻСֵоȭŵܳͨ衭
ªľݵԣһ۵ӵ˵ţϽһϡ
ǷҵһױΪŹأνݲףȨ޼ҲǷҵŵĹˣΪĸԲűָɵ˴
ҪӺŹΧļȥȭţͱҪطȭ·ıؾ֮ء
ҪУҪôǳزԭȻ£ʵɽӶ͵ͱ£Ҫôֱ£޸أӿıкɡ
ѡ񶼿νգ磬ûϸĵͼָ·֮ҲƵʡ;
ԣ⴦ؿԵΪҪ
ʱعؽ֪ǰȴûкŹǱߵ˽Թģʱͳֹ
ˣһ£֮£ϸˣǰˣÿһҪڵ½ӡӡӻð̣ʵˣ֪ǳԲźȰ
˵˻˵
ԷûʵǵȻƬطҵ;ȭŵĻĳ̶ֳϣȻʵ۵ĻҪãǲˡ
ֻû뵽һ仰˵꣬һȭŵţɶȴûκ֮⡣
ֻ겻ŲæĴӻȡ˱ӣ˼ۣȻ˵ͷ
еķӦǷҵɣȭŵĽܳӣЩڰ˷ͨӢܰϹֻǳĳǰȴǺ޹أҲͷѹҡ
£һ¡һΧһ̤Ĵѣȥôһ顣

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⴦ʯ࣬ǳôһ𣬵ʱͷ
ƣ󲻸⣬һҪͿǰӰһʧԭأͬʱԼ߹ҹһ硣
ͣϢһлָ糣ѾҲ˵ټˣ͸ĳܹĿվĵطֻһһֱɶĿӶ
ͳ죡Ѿؿˣ
ʱһԭǾݵ㣬tıѣѭȥʱǱָԶ
󿴹ȥʱŷ֣ղѾԽԼפصľݵ㣬˰ɿ⣬һһǰš
һĻʱһ
һգ۵Ĺ򣬾ͼӰɣ˵ĹҲ̫ˣҪ쾳Ϊ˰ɣ
ֻǣ侪ûԼְ֪˵Ķ֣ʱԸԱߵ¡
ȥȼ׼Ÿ룬飬ٻ㱨Ź֪˵֮ˣ쾳ĸ֡
ǣ
ͬľѣһŻعɻû߼һžžʹ
Ǽ紵ʱ
һתͿӰӺŹڵķ򼲳۶а˾ˣһһ̤䣬ͳ嵽˸ǰ
ȴǼƵӡ
Щ̫Ѩ߸¡о֣ŻɫۣصĹƣÿ˵ϻŽ˫ȭǴ󣬲˵
ֻһۣϳˣǾȭŵִӣǱŹأЭҵġ
Щȭŵӵĺ棬һˣȴһԲİߡ
ǣȥж㣬ÿһĻƫһ£ܼӼɣ˿Щӡ
һˣһ˵ֱӹڵأ˶˸֪λݣǿĶͷ˾ҵˣҪھȭǵλȻ˵Ϊѵɲĳ̶ȡ
Цеˡ
űãղǿг˴˴ݵ㣬Ҫ
Ļû˵꣬ͱߴˣȥˣʲôʱȥģ
һ㶣űʶԷʺˣæصոȥ˻һʱ䡭
ЦеĵǾǻû߼ˣ֪ˣ㲻صܵҵºһ˵䡣
лû뵽ݵȻ˵ƽ׽˵ĻЩܳˡ
ߵ˵ͷԷҵͽǿأں;ȭŵأǺŹظ˾ȭŵǮӡ
ţҲάͽϣģԱλá
Ŵɣܵƾ书оǧ꣬ǡǡ෴ܶѧиɣΪ˶ϡ٣˴УûʷС
еķֱǶɵľӪ
ȭɣһľۺ壬ռɽΪڱŴƬأǻʵĴټϣµӱ鼰Ұ˼縲Ǹأ漰棬ȷȭŵĵλʹС
£УΪõһڳ͢Ͱ˷ҵһҪֵĶ
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Щ˵ıӰȻԼ˸߰һѶϢǸղ꣬һ˲䣬ܼӰɡ
ҲգȻǶأôĶ֣ڰ½ɡ
УȺȭŵĵӣѾǰһеӰ
ȴһ۵ꡣ
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ţѾ⣺ȥסлҪ˵һЩȻỹҪء
ǣ
һھȭŵӹˣ˰ߵķԸӦһչŹӰѾǰΧ
ԷͷˣŲæͣ²ӣһתĿϣʱúһԼֲ֮Уǿңûб߷ϡ
ԷԼΪϳԼݣ΢΢һЦ
ˣӣ׼ȥȭŰɣȭſɲʲô˶ȥģҪ־ܰɣصŹأʦ˵ˣ
Ļո£ǱΧȴͻȻ˵֮ѾԪԼ쾳жˣӦǾȭŵĳϡΣѾǵڶˣ²ǻ´Σ˵ãĳֻõˡ
ţһǱⷬɻ󣬡ӦϳˣȴװúһۿҵΪ
ǲţһȥֻжʮ꣬ܿʵ


539 Ȼˣµˣ
ȴǰߵĻҡҡͷһƮ֮䣬˲˵İΧǰС
ˣδ̫ûˣ
߻Цеģһ˫۾ȴâǶŭˣɢܴ֮Ӱ죬һ£жʱ˹ɳѹ
书òеΪ̫̰Ľ٣֪죬ˣҲգվϷʦһΣ
˵ţĿһȭִõĵᣬ䶯λã̤ÿ˵ϣԼͷųһƣγȭ⣬Ī⡣
Ⱛߵ˼ƻ˺ŹصĹأǾƲĵģֻģ޳ôһ죬вʦУһ棬òҪŪԷʦû뵽ȴԷײݣܹܣ
һȥִõľӷ׷׶䣬۰ڶתȭХֱ˹ȥҪ׷ǰˣ̶֣
棬߻ЦеģһһĸţͥŲ˸źâһһоյģڿϷ
ʱǰ֮ͻȻͣ²ӣһͣ죬׷ȥִõӶûüӦͷˡ
ףײȤеת⾳Ҳǵ޸Уλóôһֲ
ͷһ죬ͳʵСӣղΧڼжͣɼṦ֪ʦ˭˵˵ʶˣҲøӡ
ֻ⻰˵꣬һĻػ
²²أǵΣڸȭ⣬Ǵ㶯ˣȻˡ
仰紫˰ߵĶУͷһͬʱϵƶȻǣһɨղŵƽͻϻ
ãʱʶб䣬ӿһУҪȥ
Ѿˡ
žžž
һ죬ִõ϶ɵĸȭ⣬ͻȻɢոյλнֵĵӣһأڣѪֱ磬Ǵһġž죬ֽڰйŤ
ЩŴɣעӣҳǱռȻˣǾûеڶ·ˣ֣ɲպٲûҪನۣȻˣͲҪֳĳĺˣ
УһԨϢֱϵһƬƲʱɢ
Ȼǲǰͽʮ߼սĳǱ
ֻǲ֪ΪΣȻŹؾڣȴǺ;ȭŵĵӶˣ
飡飡飡
ϣһƬƬתһʯ飬ʯͳţųǱӰȥգۼ䣬ͳ嵽˰ߵǰ
ϻһĨЦݣͻȻ俴Ǳ嵽ǰ۾ٿصɴֳ˼飬֪֮չΧƾĵףͱǱϵǹƸҡ
ããҲǶ֣
һ׽ƣܵʶԼǶ֣ȻеЩ˼飬ߣȻ᲻һĬĬŵ˵Ķ֣ʵǰݽƱ磬οʱԷѾһֻ֣ץ˹
Ѫ۶ɵƣȥͳ죬ɰĸ֪ȴĴв׽һͷƤĻϢ
ˣ
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ڣ
Ѫ˳ߵĺ·䣬ǱѾץ˰ߵؿڣָҪͣ޼᲻ݣֱӾͽ߿ƶǣ
ûȻ˺˵ͷͷȴûгǱĶ죬ڰӦ֮ǰǱѾһצץ

һƺߣߵ棬ԲӻΪһڵϵ˼£ĺۼһ·ʮɣͣ泯ţѪǰѾѪȾˡ
ˣ
Ⱛߣȭŵ̫ϳ֮һؼ֣Ȼֻһ棬ش
ϵƣܵĳȴΪ޴󣬱ϾʢֻҪѸԪƺܿܵõơ
㡭㵽ʲôˣкͼȻ쾳ΪĪǷϻͯĸ֣ȴװ˵ģȿȿȡ
̧ӣųǱѵĳʵ
һ̣ѾףԼǰǿˣԷֵʱȻ̣ܶȴظܵǹɿֲƣԼ֮ƣ
־ϵϢڣ԰ʱʶǱһ쾳ߣģȴᣬԾͻɶԷǷϻͯߡ
书زѪϻͯҲֻǵС
ֻǣĸ֣Ͼʱ䣬ϵĲɣϢ̬鲻ôαװģɰڳǱϣȴܲɣĸоԲŻǿαװԼ
һ뵽߻ӿֵİͷ㿿αװһʱˣҲҾȭţ뵽ȭŽ꣬ǿɾʹˣ֪
´ĵһⶼûСԵĻû˵꣬ͱǱϣΣҳǱˣҾȭŵģʵʵĳ棬˵ֻȭͷ˵
Ǳע⵽Է֣Ǿö죬ͷһһˣնɱɳϵСйʶĴԣҲйأܣˣ겻ʮôܻΪ
ɫ䣬ʾԾ뵽ǱղΪɫ˵ҪţҲʲôģȰ㲻ҪȭŵʵģҪΪһʱЩΪǣСӢۣ˵ģңѾ´պ󡭡
ȻˣµˣǱϳ¼ھֵʱ򣬾ûҳǱ
䣡
ԵĻδ˵꣬һŵӡʹӰ£ȴǳǱʩչ˺ӡ
ӡȫԪ۶ɣֱ˵ѾˣҲҪޣ

ӡ֮£Ѫ䣬ɱը״ѺôһƬ涼Ⱦˡ
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ǱҡҡͷתǰС
ȥûжãӰĿȴż£ߵĶ˹˺ܾã䶨¶档
һ߹Ǿͷɵڵء֪ľִõӣֿһѪ⡣
ɫʱѿ˼㡣
Ҫˣ


540 Ծ
ȭţԶǱһɣɽϣϣֱޣ򱱣ңԭ
ʱչǾȭ˯ʱ䣬һ˵Цţڲǽ߹ҵԼᣬȥ֮󣬾Ҫߡ
ϰ䣬һͣǸѭ򽥽Ḷ́ҪͬС
һζ帺ûɣ˾ȿˣȻͨٵвͨҲֻǸӡ
ƾȭĴɵȻĵ
ԣɸ߲ƽ˵ӵҪȻϸ񣬳˿಻ԣԵǵϸҲΪעء
һͣд⡢ҩţԲÿĵܡӪǿǣСʱҲ˿˿ۣԱڵ㾫Ķά۷״̬
ǽգȴһ̬ڵӸո£һлص

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Ǳָһ輤ߵͷ­УһöġнɢĽᾧײһ



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ɽ󣬶ԣνһˮһˣܹ֮ѹƾĹ򣬶طҲиԲͬǵ֮Եʡ
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֮ıԴʵ֧ͳǱ֮ͬԴȹ̲žȭŵ䶯ҲΪ֮ҡȴǱǱڵ֮ǣɡ
һʱ䣬ɵӵԺɽڵĵǱѸӶᣬˣȭܵĹ߶Ť䰵࣬ɽɫҲԽҰ


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549 ǳǱǧУ
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⡭ԪǴϪʦĿ
˲ͬձݲ۽ҲѰɱȣһնĿȻɲڷ˶ĿĽͼ˳ɵľʹʧɫĿһתǰĳǱϡ
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ʦ㡭δԼλͨʦϣ͸ָܵо
Ź˵ĸпǿҵͷ˻
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ٶȼ죬ͻȻɢƣѹЧãĿ֮£ȻδܼʱӦֱӹᴩ
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䶸
⣬ʵУһ˼Ĺâ
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552 ȡ֮ѵ
ǱƯһƬѤõĹâС
ܣ˿˿͵֮ݹڡ
Щȴһ˳ڱ⺣û֮ʣ飬ɢ䣬Ӷݹġ
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ڳǱǰһӰͨ屻âǣͷųǵľâ
Щâ·޾˱鲼Ĺâ
ֻǣÿһľâԪɣǳ浽ѪԪŨɣ
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ԪǾ͸ˣ߲ܴҪϾۺϡѹγɣν
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ֻǣЩͷųľ;ԪУȴȺͲ䶯Ԫ˶ҩһմͻᱻȺͲȾ³Ī⡣
һжԳǱ˵ƺûӰ죬âǣȴûа仯
ֻǣǱȴûɾԪĴ㡣
ʵҲȫûбҪȥɢ侫Ԫ
Ȳ˵ЩԪôԵһɣͻᱻǿиıѪṹܿƵת䣬ǾԪŵĲͲڳǱ֮·
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˵ˣǱһ·ΪΣϰ䣬δи֮ʱǾԪĳ̶ȣھԪ󣬵ȻûбҪԶ
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ǶѾȥâǾԪѪӹ־ޱȡ
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ڳǱĿڶĿϵ˲䣬е־͵ĲȻ飡
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ԪâȻ綾ޱȣûм֮⣬ܴбסģֻҪشۡ
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ԸԾܱסɣȻԸЭҲûɡЩڣҲϰ֮ˣȨƣڱģѡǳĳ֮С
Ǳ˵ţͣ²ӣɵڵءѾ̵Źˣ˵š
λ˳İϾ쾳ΪԪĻ֣ǿֻȫľѪⶼסˣ־Ⱦ˶ˡ
úúãǱĻػŹЦɫ˹ȥӦ֮٣̰ͼʶ飡һƥ¼ھȱ˵Ҳģ
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Ŷʶ游Ǳԣͣ²ӡ
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˵һת֪ΪΣ˵ҲÿĹϡɢ˳ҲѸǲֺţʷӡףв񾳵ΪӦǧţΪ
ű㲻˵ˣˣͽЦһһ춨ҰʦţȴʦͽĺնɱҲ㱨Ӧְɡ˵߷ƽ
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ͬʱǧ֮⣬һεض𣬹ᴩϵһ


553 ò
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Ұ֮Укɽأգƽԭѹ֮ʺˮ㣬˱
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554 һģ
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Ǿâ㱻ֱץС
̵ģһɴ⡢ۡϢ˳ƴڡ
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䣬͵һ
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Ӳûͣ˽ʮߵһѪԪǿά̬ǲᣬܿͻ᳹ɢɳơӡ
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һ£ǹ⻷ʱ˱仯ţת˲ûǱ֮ڡ

ǱϵѪѪ䣬Ĵ⾢Ϊƣܣ⻷γɡ
⻷Ʈɢɫɫϣ⻷ʵ棬Լܴп桢;ľ»оɢɫ⻷ԼƮɢɫ⻷
ɱ䣡ɱ䣡ɱ䣡
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Ǭ䣡
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⻷ţֳǱһ쾰ʶ仯ԻͣڳǱƮԶĻʵ۵Կ
ЩЩֻͨ䳡Ϊ棬Щȴûʵ۾İ
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ڴϪʵ˼֮ʣǰȻһƬ
ǺϷĺɽۿɼѺһ·飬ֱָ̨
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Ǳֲ̽䣬вԪôֱץںϡ
ҵ࣬
ָץ
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Ǳһȣ͵һգǺһ֨죬ͺǳܲסһ㣡

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ԶĽɽ֮ͣ͡
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У۹ƶ˻ᣬһŵδڱյĺɽⶼһƬ谵˵顣
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ı߳ҳһţӵ̤ҽС
˵˭ΪҪ
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ȺУ˴ӵŵΪпţڳͷ

û뵽νĴϪʵۣԭô£ѹһ־Ϫ󣬸ƾս񾳵ǿ컯ս
ޱУǱУ˵š
ǰһӴޱȵھǧɳͨһۿȥͷ
˳ǱĻھӴ˫ۡ
֮ΪΪǵаħ


564 ׹

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ǵݺĴڻת
ֻôһССԭҡľţȺȺţҡ
Ƭԭϣǧٲ䶼ԼͬͳߣڳߵĴ¹
岻ͬoվв֮ͬÿ֮ˣֳһ˿Ʈأǧ֮£һ׳һ
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Լ̾ԭأȻᴩ˱谭ֱޣһһϲʳ
ԭ̾޵ĻȻϷһѹƣ
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С²ؾɮۣ
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һ֣վ̧򶫿ȥ¶Ц
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ãҵ޶䶯Ϊˣû뵽ֻƳ٣
£ɫһףѪѪīڵϣ港ʴð
㶼ѾˣҪ㣿ԱߣŮ̲סŮӵͷϲżϸ֮²Żע⣬Ȼǳ״
ȴָͷɫԽԽѿɫҲԽŨ
ٽʱ֦ڣã
ͻȻһѪӿϣѪⶼʴ˼Ƭ˲ᣬֻǵȥǧﴫǬҪжȻҪ´
ʲôԱŮҪ˵ԣɫ˱仯ڱء
ȥӼޱȣŮΣʱԸȥ
ϣüһᣬžͻԹȥ

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޾УǱؿǰȻ׽ʻ㡣
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Ļһ䣬ķʹ졪
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ǣһע⵽ᴩյĺ֮ϵǱڵһʱ䣬ͱϳǺıʣǱ
㣬ԳǱԣҲеľԷļԽ϶в²⡣
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Դˣ֮ĳǱ
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ʱҵٴӹͷޱȣԳƶҵһͿǱȴͻȻˣΪδϪʵۻ˰䲼ЩڼҡԹڡ
ҳʲôӣϪܴڶã˶ǲģҪģֻһͳ˲䣬Ը
˻ʵۣ
Ϊʥ棡

ֲͬĳƺ˳׵Ļңܿ죬һռת
û뵽㿴޵
ȥϢ𣬺ſӴ죬ʱ
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Ǳԣ۾Ŷٳ֣ǸΪ˵ǣĪ޷䣿
⻰һ˵Ǳ鲼յŭ⣬Ʊð
ǱȴᣬֻǵһʱɢѪȴˣʵʲôʹϪʥͬһݣȵռ˵һվҪһ
˵ţкȻͨһЩ顣
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Ǳ˵ܵƽţһߴ
ˣΣĪǻɱһɣ
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˵֮ʱǱȻģΪ⻪ХɢֱӴڻʵ֮ϡ
һڵʱҡ󡭡

䣡
춯صը̨ͭϴѪըѳķ䣡Ʈǳء

ͭȻ飡
ˣ
ķѪţԶ
ɳ۵ķ򣬱鲼һŴ͵ס
䣡
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ХȥżȥԪӿӿ
ɽ飬ڱγǳصӰ٣ѹ
ҵĳǳһʱҵȺʱͣ¶Ӧʹȥ
ڶ໺еĳһɫ԰ףڵһʱ͸Ӧ䣬ʶʲô
߿գͻȻǿ⣬ǣ綷գ׹ʡ
ϣ
ΪҺһɥһ˵ڵء
кѣڻعʱ¶֣֡̿
£
ϰ
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汯ңТ
ܿ죬ǳڣظңֻǲ˵ĿⶼڻʹǰĶͭϡ
ͭȻѣѪǣо
ܿ죬ˣһӰ¶ɫƮһ˫īĿͬâ˼֮Ĳ
Ǳ
Ѫܽ
ܣ첨Ѹٻ۹
ҵ֮Х
ǱϣһɫӰ¶ϣצſ죬һ


565 Ϊ¹λ

һƮɢ󲨶·ӿϢͱһԵǣȥ
ǲ֮ڣǱŻ̿֡ҡޡŭȡϲͲʵǴϪڣĵдգ֮Ĵ£¶ͣΪ
Щ֮ƴ󣬱Ӷᣬ£ӦˡпǺĴϪʵۣȴΪʧȥƾҲʧƿ
ôһ𣬻ΪѪǶҡڳǳϵĻʳʱܣǳ·ĺҲ͸˳Ǳᡣ
Ǳ֮Դʺͺͬڵ֮ʧأ͸ֻҪͷһתɢ֮Լǣ׾ܽ·ĺ֮ɡգ
֮ͬԪȻγɣйвӡԸͲҪֱӾܱ̲Ҳԭڣʮꡢ֮ڣܸĳΪභһ̡
Ȼ޴̾ظܹա֮˲࣬Ǳ֮һ
Ѫɢǳس׻ңĸ죬ĳ佫ǾȡŭƽȴԲͬеĻϲеİ֮ĵ£ӿڳǳ֮ϣ˶ǣ
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Ǳڵ״̬ãϸ̽飬ܷ֣ɫ԰ֽ΢΢ҡΣ³ֳ֮⣬˫â˸֮⣬ز֮û
ʵϣǱʱȷʵѾӽ;ƿݵĵزˣϮȺʹϪʦԼϪʵۣͷ֣ڼɱһֺͲܣ˵ûǲܵġ
Ϊ˶ԿϪͷǱǽǾ߰ƷĹųϧԱȴϪʦֱõһԪ۲Ĺ磬նɱС
գԴϪʵۣǽһͷųƵУˣʧ
⻹ֻڱ֣ڣǱȼʶǿ־ԶԿԸͷ԰ΪʶǿгʵʶֺԥԱⲿͷų֮ڶĶҡ˴Ϫʵ۵ɣʵ۲ըѳѪ
ֻǣ׻һǧ˰ٵֶΣǱʶҲشʶҡβʱ㸲Σգ־ᶨľе֮ʶѹʱѾ߲ˡ
ˣ쳣ʶ֮еĻ滹ȼգǼȥչҪʶɢĻ˵Ǿˡ
ڴϪʵѾΪѪ棬ڶ˴ʱĳǱѾҪάʶڵĻڽƽϢ
ټɣɵˡ븹УϵǱڣ׳͸οʶ֮޲ʶǱľ״Ѹٻָ
һ棬Ǳе΢΢ҡΣ¶Ĺ״
νսǱǿУھҪʱ֮̽⣬̶Ҳһֿ飬ܽԪϲ䣬ɴϪʵԪżȥ֮󣬾ͶԴǱڳУͳ޸֮ľԴ֮ˮ
һʱ䣬ڴԪмԵУ鵤޴ǳ˵İٱܼ
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ԣǱҲһزֻǿά״ңԪλԹɣеϢϲóǱԪѸٻָ
֮ɫɣеʮ֮һᴫݵǱڣ׳Ѫǣµģɡ
뵽ǱĿһת䵽ϡ
ȻҲǷǷԭǳǱ֮
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ԴԵ£ʹǧ˿Ƶϵһ͸ı䣬֮ܿʸıúءɫҲɫɱɫ
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һսǱĲСõջͬ޴
һսɣϪʵ۵飬ºȻ£ɱɱЩҪ𺳸
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£Ǳջս
ɫɵ˺֮ԽԽ࣬ԽأѸʡţ֮С
أǱܹظ֮ܵеĵУȻ۵˼㣬ʼת䡣
ۻۺѹ
ڴʱһƴӵ´ޱȡ
úúãû뵽ô࣬ȴ﷭˴㲻ȡһգҲҪ⣬ͳһ֮¾ܸģ´ƣܹ赲˵ģܿ죬޾ͻܣʶٽΪµ˻ʣ
ǻͻȻȥĸ죬£鲼ɢ֮һ˻Լǣ¹ڵ¡׻Ǻ֮ȻһʱǱƣɵɶء
ǱȴѾˣΪ֮»ĻѾ㹻֮˺˽ʱѸٱ仯š

ͨ쳹صĻɢسǱڡ
Ǳĵ֮УһɫϸӰŹâĴߣϢ׳գ֮䣬ŵζ˰ʮһȦתͣԪֵıϣͻ桢顢ҶƬڶӣĸԼµиƽ⣬Ƿȱ
ʱһ㾫âӵ֮Уռһͷųһ磬¶Ӱ
𽣣
ף͵Ϣͷųｻӳ
ͬʱǱȴһѪ


566 컯֮·
ⲻܣ
ԶƬѪӹҶݸ֪һ׽̲ŵĳѪ
ЩѪŨ˼㣬ͨõˣһ˿٣ǿǣһ̫࣬ʣѪȫ⼷Ѫܣ˱
֣ûиҶݴһ˿һ˷ܣλϪĺүûжȥѪһƬ
ѪŨᵽȳ̶ȣԲαû˻ԸѪɢôף˵ֻһܡ
Ҷݵϣֳ˼ɫŤ
ʵıɱˣѪըѣΪѪ
һˣҶݿǱĿУһ˿־塣
ʵһûʵ۴Ŀģֱܼأаħޣʱûһͳ£δȫʢɴϪ֣ÿγƶٹ֮Ե˼㣡
ҲҶһʵ۳֣϶Ǳذɵԭڡ
ǰսȴ·תǱͷ̣תƣΪʤˣ
ԣϪʵ۱أδת֮ǰ˵ʵۺͱôȥ¹ȻԸɢɢ䣬ήɻûе̶ȣǳǱ
ҶţɫͻȻ԰ףѪղϵܵɣǼʱжϣѾ˵ˣˣˣټϱ˸ڻӣίʵʧС
뵽ЩҶкⲪͻǣܵЩˣǺͳǱ桢ǹĽ꼰㣬Ǳͻʵ۵Ľģ
ನˣҶݵļвֻǳϣߵıڣȴƷһΣܹͻ
еһУҶ㵽˳ǱͷϣڣҶĿʱע⵽ǱȻʣȴҡҡ׹Ϣήңʱ׹ĸо
ղŻʵ۵ļУǵ˽ɽ֮ǱܹƿǹעһԵ棬ܹȻ濹⣬һᶼûУȻҲѾǿ֮ĩˣڳ֣˵
ǱϲľǱҶݿ֪ԷǻֶΣóȻ֣˵ҪŵҶҲһǿϳ书Ϊս޶⣬ԸˣǳǱҲͰˣʱĹץסᣬȶԷָˣܾҲֲҶˡ
뵽Ҷ˾һתǿѹƣԪӿ֫ҪƿշɳǱһ
ʵ۵ĳޣΪºܹҲ飬ĻҷˣҲ£ҶýƬ۹̳δҵ
ţҲ˼㣬Ҫʱ
˸
ԶеĳǱſһѪϹâһ׽һ·ϣֱ
ͬʱƥķϢӿǳأ
ҶݱǱʱǣ֮£ν׵壬һӾͱϢˣļ֮£ĵ׾Ӳͣӣǻ˶㣬йԪҲǿͣ¡
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ѪӿмҶݻѪٿһƬ죬Ԫٻйڷµģ
һӣϵϢήࡣ
ɶ񣡲ǳǱĵ
״Ҷкȴٴ֡
δ̫ˣҶݵĿ͸֪ǲѷ֣ǵĽжôԶԶţǹɽ壬гںб̹ǣԼ嵽˳ǱߣţʱҪˡ
Ĺ󲻼٣϶ûе;ƿݵĵزս½Ų壬ͣҲ˵ˣӲΣǽ֮£˼Ȼվȥͷ񡣡
вʣ¶ϲҶݻǾʱ̡
Ȼ֪ԼѾѵĻᡣ
ʱĳǱȫͽ֣ǽʮһ˿ӡǣΪ޾ԺͰӷ룬Զȥ
ԣǱֵɽȻǿᣬȴƣˣͷſǱԶֺȲƶҲܳС
ʱҶĳ֣˵䱾Ԫʽ޷ͻƽϵĲٱȴƿ⣬ݲɱǱشõġ
ΪҶɹᱻŹˡ
գ۵Ĺ򣬽⡢ֱʣһ·ϣʧڸ߿ա
ڳǱϵĽҲ֮ȥ漴ָ˶ƿأˣͷȥһЩҲŽӴ˳ǱʶУȻֻǾһƳԳǱ˵ȴΪҪǶǽʮ⻪һ̣򵽵
ʮߴˣڣи˸һһ⣬ΪΪ⣬׶ΣǽҿʩչΪǣˮǴߣΪۣһ·
ںʹϪʦֵͷǿƿ۳Ѿľ⵽ʣܴɣĻͲֻһδɵİӡ
ˣȻɣʮߵոȴѴﵽ컯ڣʱݹϢȻޣȴóǱͨڶ̶ʱڣͨ˲ѧ
ԭˣ񾳵׶ΣĸϸֵĵİģҵͬҲнֵҪǣ컯ǰ·Ҳ˷룬ţǰ
ǱͷתܵԪ۹γ쫷磬޾ԪѭѨë׾ڳǱڣѹۣΪԪ
У桢顢ҶƬתţԲͷų󲨶֮ϣƺʱ᳹ѡ
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ǰЩ취ʱԻҵԴѭȥĿȴһ԰֮ɫ
λ֮ҡҡλεļ߹İѾήͷϷ˿һںڣһѩף¶ƤҲһ뾫׳ǿһϡ˥
ģ˶ǵͺһ
Ǳǰȱ谭ֱ˳ִϣվþ¯Уλûֵñˣѱʴӽ˳֣ѹƣǱ¯˿Ѿ
ˣܵĴһ˰˳ɣֱӴǰ;Զ֣һ첡
ڸһ֡³ǱӳģȻ˥ˣƵˡ
˿ģղ龰ֲԼͬĿһӰ
ڵϣӲɣϢ٣Ѫ죬ԭƵȻ޴棬±鲼Ƥ壬ݺᣬͷףһĺģ
״뵽ڼϢ֮ǰһܷݵء۷ܣ˶һеĳǱη˼֡
з˴ͭ¯£ɵڵصİ׷ӷѸԶ롣
׷ӣλ񾳵Ĵܣδ־֫ϣ֮ʴޱȣҪԭҲҪʮȥϢ
ģֿԶǧΪ׵ļ˼ѵĴӵ˵ĺɫϣƬƬѪĿġ
һߣ԰ڵķɮϥأģϺˮֱסëˣղ̤նУ˶֪쾳Ϊû뵽ֻǱǱ౬ͳ⸱ģ˲ֱˣϸ֮£Ȼ
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˾㲻аħҲʵ޼ɵˣ
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ĪǾûа취ˣ
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ע⵽ĸ֣ܶ˷ŽעתƵϣ̾вϳݡ
ףⲻôı⸱ģ
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Уз˳ѪҺעͭ¯ǿڣסˣ
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Ϊаħ֮£

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Ϊӵļһأһ˾͵߳׷һ
ǰˡ䣬Ӳ׷ѯʣͼʦ֪˷ط棬ҵǰǰһ֮ʱȣ󲻵ã֮󣡡
˵ͬʱһƮ߱ʣ
ػˮ
УαãƮƮɣһӴͭ¯Χ£ת߽һⶼָͭ¯


ƴ£ֱͭ¯֮ϡ
أ𶯵¯ٿͣͣƱְסһ㣡
׷Ӽ״̾˿зˣȻдģҵȼɣɣȥˡ
£Ⱥ߰Ȳĺӣӵһ˹
ԼʮŻ멣ǽɫһһ̤ݲȡ
鷳ׯѾˡ


579 ݽ
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ۿ߳ǹӺݻϢ;֮˷׷ױãһյ
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׷ɫ΢䣬зǰ
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˵ʱٲ첻˵ÿ֣˲ݾܾζ档
ⷬ˵Ӳطɽׯţȴʩıˣ˰Ǳ˼˵ǽǱѹ棬ֲ˳ֵҲ
⻰׷Ӻзδʾʲôǲͼסͭ¯ĴȴǸɫ䣬СӸ¶ŭ⣬ſԣȴʦֹ
з˾׽źĻζĿ˶Էһۣ˵ͷˣׯ֮𲻿ɲ
ЦȻ֣Թˣֻ˴ųħĿںΧǱȴǲɣֵֽдΪĪе
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ͬʱһĿۼϡ
Īǡ
ԭˣ֮ǧҪ־Уǳֱ߱ҲƣȻĻпܷɣ
ˣѹֲطɽׯ֮³¯֮Ҳ֮ԭ˴㣬ֻǲ֪Ǻʱͳ͢ϵ

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ʱʩչָۺ˵ʮ衢ϪƺָԼҶݵԴӽʮõһЩ飬ģ½֮ɡ
ȺҶݽΣʱȻԳǱ͸֪㹻׽Էʽṹ䲻ܿ͸ţȴһ̶͸Чһļ׽ָܻܿոѧ
ܴһʦֵˣǱȴ⡣
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Ľѹ⾳ӣܲھ콫ʶ͹ںһ壬Ǹûᣬ˷ѡ
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ķͷһִ񰵺ɫʯ쵽ԶĵطϷͭƺҲŵһͬ޾

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з˹л¸塣
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ʱֲͭ¯ΧĴ뻮һǿ֮ͬһ۲ɢ
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һߣ׷ȴǻ̧ͷһͭ¯˲֪ʲôƣǽѹ͸ˡҵǧﴫֳеɽׯȫһͶ¯У̵ʱڣ֮¯㼱һ㣬򲻹Ҳϧ
ǣɽׯȥȴһȥһǰǺһͬӴɽׯŲƳġ
Χĵ棬һͼ

ͬһʱ䣬ͭ¯ڡ
ϥĳǱ͵۾гâž
һ˦ӣҩһһӰɳȴǵʮΪĵ̹
⻯һתͷ˳Ǳһۣ鶯һ䣬ųǱϥһ

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޾Ϣڹת̺ĵϵݵ˶ĳǱʶ֮С
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һѪ˵ľ͵һشɫѿĺܡ
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ǱţɵԼڷ̥ڶʱһֱûͻƣ֮õʶʶһĹЧ⹦ʽͻƿչ۽磬ģ⡢֮£ѧһǧ
£̻ȻƵĹЧ֮ʶʼЧãҪͻ
ʶܼ䡢ģʽֻǾ⹦漰ڲתԳǱѪתʶһЧþԵЩˣڻģˣģǱڵϵĳԡݡ
ڣҲģ˵ȴԽڲ̹򴫵ݹóǱ򡢽
֮ǱԪǿ̫ˣ˫ͲͬһεǱܹǰܹ֮ĺôֱݡ
Ȼˣǰһ㣬һֻ˼Ӽ˳ѧͻȻӴ΢֣޴֡ķҲûнǱٵҲһ
ԣȥУյĽȴòѣڵΪˣԤ֮ӵ˺εȳ̶ȡ
ղųǱģ̻̺Ĺ򣬶Ǻɫмӵһ˿⾳˵޴֣һ֮Ȼĵʮ־޴󣬵ҲЩջ
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Ŀâָ⼤ûзɳ۳ȥǻΪһϸԪͣϣԪĶͱԵ˸Ե÷ޱȡ
̷Žһ𣬵һʵõĹȻĲСȴ̳ԪԵУΪһЩߵĵֶΡ
Ǳ˵ţһ˦ǳಡһӳɣԶʯϣĽۡ
ЧԪķʽȻԪڣȻޱȣֻҪҲá
Ǳţͷ
ԪͺǰĽǮ࣬Ҫȥʩչ壬Ϣȴ㲻Чá
׹ͽԪ⽣ɡеԪǱԺȴǰһϵеӰݡ
ͷ£ָһ飬ǳɢ䵽˹ϡ
⻯ޱȣҪãҲףֻǽű˴ϵ̺Ͳľ;ƿݣȥ֮̽Сʮİأֻ󡣡
һ㣬Ǳȴûиеź֮±͹ƽеʧǰŽ򣬱֮ˣﻹĴ治
Ԫ⽣׹ҪƣҲҪϼ꣬ϳԡĥĹϵת۾ͳϵνʡȥ˲ٹɴ˿ɼһߡ
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ţջĿ⣬ǰûںҳջ񣬶ҵıһ̽ȰѷѪҵҲʮߵС
תУǱĸ֪ɢȥɢŻҵĹ֮Ը֪ŲСӰ죬ǴзֱһЩߣ׼һ˹ȥ
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ҲǹһƣǸ壬ڲķѱ񡢾ǰ˼߶һ
ҵʣ߻֮ǱıҪǿ̫ˣûʮģǲ۷壬Լᾧʤǧš

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ȻԳһ硣һ棬Ǳȴ֤ʵеĲ룬ôãûвþ֮ĸоֻ֤ͭ¯Ҳʮ䡢ҩһԳһ硣
Ҳǣͭ¯۾㹻𺳣СɽСطɽׯΪ񾳵ĴնҪҲйĵȼ
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þĽĸ֪УȻ˿Ϣ
һ·ǱֻڿиܵϢЩҵĹ֮ǿŹܸܵõڣǿȴǶһ˿ϢǱֻǸ֪һ£̾ͽֱ֮˳
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Ǳٿͣ½Ųǰľ۾
ǰԲɵĹϣһҵĲڵϣÿͷųŨĽϢ
Ще룬һɳĻɫâڿС


581 񣬾ڽգ

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һн飬ŨĽɢǱһץͱȥ

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ܵв֮⣬ǱȴһЦ
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âͷųŨĿֲϢıԴ֮
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ʵǰһսѾûʲôһĸ֮ˣУҲǸЦ
һˣʢʱ򣬵ͷѪĸԸñ˲ͷϣȻǧټƵָš
Թ޵һ޵ڶ¶ߵĳ̬ʲôܱȵϡµһ
Ҳ֪أԼµһľ뻹Զһһ֣ƺŻǺ˵ģһֱҶᣬڶֶòֺ
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۳ǱΣʲô飬ĺճȴҲʹڶȻʧɫ
ߣһȺ˻˭һĵһǱߣͬĳǱû˿ɣһĿţɱһʹϪڳ
⻹꣬λɱһ޸أǽ췭ظϾȭţǰϹƵǧɵԾ
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ڤڤУǿŸֵǳͳǱ֮佨ֱϵǱǰһƬ㱣ԼӰ񣬿͸δĸоĵ׸
ǲ񾳵ĵڶ㣬ϸ
ͷǱʶһӽͷ­еǿᾧʱֳеĸоʽ;ͷ
ͷһת־ᶨʱɢʽȴӡĵףһȭһȭȻȭеļʽ
󣬽ᾧϸϸһˮ㻬䡢ڣ˿˿Ƶ־ƮɢɢݿҪѪ⡣
Ǳʶһʱ䷢ǣǣ˻
Դᾧͷų־ӴʡһЩڳǱͷõйز񾳵ڶϢԴܴͬͬС졣
Ҫ黹к֮ܶ࣬·ԽԽ
ͷ¿һۣĿһ̺־֮Ŀ⣬мϤףǱҡҡͷһ˦ӣԵİ˻Ϊ磬Ǳ
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590 ִԣ·һ
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ϣһϸСƬա
ϣһѷ鲼ʱܼһƬѪо޴棬֮£Ѫʳŵѷ죬
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ڶ߶һĿɿڴӡ
ѻȸ
Զм˼ҴҵĸȴǰǰѹǱʱֵկ˹ڵĴˡ
ձǱĲȱУɣԪҲʧأˣ⼸նڱչˡ
汬󣬳Ǳ˽սʱನ鼰ķ˵ǱչأǲҲӦüǸϵʱȴѽ
׷ʲô˵֮¯ô
ﻹŴĿڣɵ˿ǰƬҲ֪ƫ
ˣǡ
Ŀһת䵽Ѫ߰ߵзϣԵЩʧ̬ήңضǰһƬѪ
ѪͰֻǶз˿˼ۣעͱ̲ѪǶ˵ĸ֪ѴѪв׽
þ˵Ѫһ̲ѪУȻ̺϶ǻ۷ǿߵľѪѪ˭ġ˲˺ô
˵΢΢ƫתע⵽ѪԶĵطһ̱ڵأʱͫ׽
˵ظɶѾ˾޴նࡢѪⶼѲڣ˵ݵɼ
ף԰˺ͳ˵İ˴ǰˡ
С·ɵʦ壬˺У
˺ˣѵ̲ѪģСµĸڲطɽׯôܲŲʣдأϷֵĴСǱִţߣ飬Ҳܲ¶档
뵽ԳΪ׵ļ˴ܡ
ңô˾ۼô̶ֳܰȣֱţղŵ׷ʲôҵȹ֮ǰܸеԪľҲп硢죬طȴôһģ
ǴӸܵԪı䶯ֱûлѶʱ䣬ɼˣһطʲôֶûС
ţ˵Ŀⶼ䵽Ǹ޴֮ϡ
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һع˵һ¶־ͺ֮⣬һ˵һ߼뿪ǰҲԸˡ
ǵĻȻ顢ңǱУʱ˾Ī
ǱǱͭ¯ѹסôôܴӳ
ţĿһתԶͭ¯
ʱͭ¯ѾƽԶԶȥԵùӡƾɣͺһƬżһ㡣
ˡ˺СӣСͰ˶һۣӶԷпɫĿһתһӶ
ӶǰԲѵ֮ŵӷĿ˵Ƿ״
涼ˣȴûгֱ֣ߣǱǿѾԶԶҵȵˮ㣬ƾǲġ
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ʱطɽׯƿնǱ鲼Լ֮֮Ĳʧͭ¯ߵƣǷֳ˼˹̽
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Ϣ󣬴з˿е֪ľ⼸ϴʧɫ¶֣ȴһŭɫ
ׯ֮ɱ֮֮֮£ڹ˽ǱҲطɽׯɱ֮ˣ˿һ֮ɱǱҪȥһˣ
һҧгݵĳŭ
Ļ䣬һʹԴ
㣬Ͳ˵⻰ǽɽׯϾ·
˭
⻰ǳʱתͷԴ֮ŭĿӡ
ĿȴһɴŮӡ
ţװ磬ǰɽׯҪӣΣΪѴ죬ǼǳֻһۣʹεװϢϳݡ
ֻǽţɫһ䣬ϲ׽һ˿ͬѰζ
ϢúǾ羫ı֣Īǿղһս򣬲Ǿ仰ʲô˼
βΪ⣬ҡҡͷʲôǱڵľȴͻͽܿҪﵽһɲĵزڵʦҲҪ˼ɣܴ֮ﵽʲô̶ȣίʵҵġӣִԣֻ·һµǣֻҪۣطɽׯҲҪ
ЦǳϲȻɫطɽׯǧ괫Уһ˶Ͼ㣬Ϊλ֪Ǳǣȵȣ㴫ˣĪǡ
̾˿֪طɽׯͿɱȣļҵĴиӹϣ˳ȣļҵ󣻺;ȭűȣļҵʵǿȷʵ٣ڸղţϵѴﵽޣҺͳǱϵȻжϡ
ޣϵжϣǳɫ䣬ٴλػһ˦ɫƮɢ䣬Ѳ
ǡǾӽ۷ˣѵΪǡ
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˵ġ飬ǬҵΣѾôʧһٴطɽׯǱ֮䲻гͻ
ôԣ𡭡⻰϶ǿԲطɽׯ˵ǲܽܵġ
ȻҪԲطɽׯ塣з˵ţǰһһ˼Һ˵ݣǱɱ֮𣡡
ǣƾһ֮ǳҡҡͷ
λģҪȥǸˣɽз㣬һ˷ģ
ˣǵһ
һ㡭
ܽׯѳɽׯǽͲ˿ʵˡ
ԣڳɫȻȴûа취

ܣȻɢȥ˴롣
һУһݵĵʿǻȥĿʼھ޴ɨʱһԵϡ
ǵǶżӡ
һߣ˲űੲݡ
Ǳÿζ⣬ԺҪúʽ飬ְϵϼһﶼˣҾֱ嶾ƽ̵λˡ
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ͻȻ
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ףô˽㣿˲ͣ»һɻ˳űĿ⿴˹ȥ
ĿһС̵ָֻĺâǶڵϣǲ
ǡ˲ͫ׽
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ǿ˳ƣʶ

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ΪϪһǣԹžǽͨҪüࡣ
һŴϪλı䶯Ҳֳ۾˳ǵ˱ңϪ͢а
񣬴Ϫ̫ڻӾһҽ𡢱䶯µȷѡ
ܶ˵ԤϣرĻûܳɹ˲٣ʤģȻ˲õĳ
պ󣬳ͽǼ壬ΪϪĵڶλʵۣԪơ
Ĺ涨˷ϵۣڶλʵ۶һ̫ڣλ
ĪλĪʢڸԪ
Ǽ֮£ӰϪڣڱϱ˲ٷ粨˵ķӵĵصеԽŨأٴУʱ˾ս׼
εǻ֮ǰ˲壬ΪǰʵۣǱǰնɱģ
һɱ϶ǣֱɱȫʬû£ô˵޴ܿʹ¡
һʱ䣬طⶫݳҲȺ֡
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ǱǸʲôǴϪǣȻɱˣ
ǰأײзǳҲûֳ֣˻ãһϪʦ棬ضǴϪʦΪصһ֣µһͷҲǱܣδ֪
ֻˣ˵ټǳءǽ󷿣Ǳڸ˾ųɾţ
ϢѾʱˣ֪֪ǳǱɱ˴Ϫʵ֮ʲô춯ص飿
ǣĪΪҲ֪ɱϲطɽׯô
֪طɽׯһսǱɱʲôˣº£
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ڴСУйسǱ¼žȭһս˳һսϪӳȥˣԼطɽׯڶɢ佭
ⶫȴԣԴӰǰ˵Ĵȥɽ˹ռ˳ǳأŶɽվܳǶأͳ͢⡣
Ǳ飬ҵ֪һЩ
Ŷ֣㾹֪ˣ̣Ϣͨ
ֻ˵Ҳҵ֪ҪΪµһôı
ɱλǺúռ˱غŵĲˣ֣Աسƹʦ޵УڣǹʦҲǱܡ
ȻڴϪ棬ڶݻңȮֳɼûһ죬Գ˵ҲЩ˼ɡ
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ԭˣǰ֮£Ҳжţû뵽
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Ȼ紫˵ǱһһҵȥšԾԭÿڿҪɸͲ÷ʲôֻԾǴȱԳһЦ߿ǱĿԽ
Ȼ֪ǱڲطɽׯһսΪ;˼
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ͷȴҶ˵ʲôԱĶԣϣ˵ǱǰҪ֪Ӣ۴ĿģɶһΪľǳǱ
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ʯ֮ڣȻһƬԾɵʣӴСһСĴС

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־ɢǱüͷĸ־Աǿаȥγ񣬻߸ɴͱĥ𣬵ɢֻв߽ҪʱŻᷢȻϣѪʢо;ƿݡ
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һߣ龰Ǳȴû׷ǾؿŻɢƬط̧һץɫץС
ͷһлǣǱͷһתǼȼգΪɫ棬ڵĻм˹Ѫ⣬˵С
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ǬɽУǱԶԶз֮С
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601 ˣսȺ
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ͷ֮ʣͻȻĪ֮
ǰһӰ֣Խ
һۣǳǱǺˣ
˳ΪλҪ׷ɫ䡣


632 зѪ
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аħ˼ͻȻǿҵĲ
ӣӣû뵽˷ֵزȻ˿Ҳ˼ܷع飬ҪڱдţֻǳʷûУޱȣһдţôܳܵסԪ䶯
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죬Х顣
һӰؼ䣬Ϣȣ


634 䣬δ
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һԡϢĴϪʦͶ棬͸Ӿˣ뵽ʱǰǬɽϷĳͻңһ̣λ컯ħȴԳ糣˰ľš

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