==========================================================================================
վС˵Уȫ-Уȫ-У޴TXTС˵أhttp://www.freexiaoshuo.com/
==========================================================================================
ͭǮ ߣˮƽ

ݼ飺
һһöصͭǮıͩһ
    ڵǩͩһγ·˵ʱ򣬱ײ
    ѪȾЯĹǺͭǮһöͭǮȻһ֪챦ʧ١
    ½һƫƧسǣͩһַʽ
    Զ֮䣬޾ֻؼԪ֮Сõ֮ĲִУչµϵ
    ͩ磬֪öͭǮԶ֮һ챦֮һеµļԪɵ






1  Խ
ŷʢУйŷ罨֮أǰ֮˳ûмֱܹŶ٣Ҳȥ֣͵Ʒ
֣裬㣬ֿһ߰СŮǣŸĸ֣ϴ˷ܵı飬ش
ֵսǴΧһȺοͣŮĸҲˣ˹ȥСŮ
͸϶ԿȺŵһɽװˣƽƽ棬һʮҡš
ԭһʦִʵҲû£ֻ£ͼֶѡ
ǰϣûҲһ֧ʣһֽӱһײţο͵Ĳ֣һдţ֡ĸ֡ڶȴдţ޳ʮŲС
СŮĸЦˣţĵҲʵȻдʮŲУ⵹粻д
ѽȻУǻʲôŮĸҲЦŽӵ
Աһİ⻰Ͳˣڵ˵λɲһ㣬൱׼ÿֻһ죬ֻӴʮλˡÿһֻʮԪǮѣʮͲдˡϸ£һĴϰ壬ʮһԣҡͷߡ
ô˲ţһɡ
λǵһ߰ɣλɲǿԷģ˵ڵרΪ˽ǩģСһϵʿСڵ۳Ǳ¿ɴءİ˿޵
裬ǽȥòãСŮе
áٸӦ
ǬΪϣΪ£ͬˡǰ̣ǰƽֻ֮Ҫб󸻴󡣡ͩ˵
֮Щɵ˵ļٵģ֪ܷҵ
˼Ϊԣֻһʡ޳ʮŲУ಻޹ءͩʰֽͷҲ̧˵ôһλ
ŶҲ˵վ뿪ˡȺ⻰Ҳɢ˲ˡ
壬֪ҽʲô𣿡һٸСŮСŮ˵ٸĺؿڱϣΪ
ԷǸղ˽̸ѯʵһڣղȺɢ֮ʱؼ˽
̧ͩͷһۣͨһڣﵹǵһСԵġʮԪǮ
Ӱְֵ˹ʮԪֲࡣ
ͩҡҡͷ̾ҲȻشŹǺϵöͭǮʼˡ
ܿͳˡ
ţ£һ£ԭСг°ͩ¶ЦݣֻǶСŮѣϲСӣΪСӹ档
СŮȵؽе
ӵĸĸǳԾޱȣǾǵһ棬ǰԲʶˣǱҲʲô󸻴֮ң˭ǣѵģ
һȣǻһ𣿡շʵ
ܣ˾Ǵˣڰɡͩʼʰ̯λˣǰϵĶʰһ£װӺ͵Ӷǽģԭǡ
һȣô׼⻹ʮŲ
һͩʰ궫ſ뿪ˡ
շ򸾶Դһۣ̾쳤ʶˣԭ֮׼ģ֪Ҳǰˡ˵꣬Ůֻ֣ǵ˻ʣ¶پͲö֪ˡ
ֵͩ߳ʱԷʱ仹һЩ쵹ǲüŻȥ۰˽ǩֲֻһˣݡ
ȥ緹ͩһɽȥСݣһһأس
һ߳һţʦȥҲˣ÷ҲѧòˣֻǾ黹ǲһЩǴﲻָһ㣬ĵľ簡
һٷ꣬ͩȥˣһһֻΪ˷ḻԼ֮
Ҫ·ʱͻȻһЩϤĺ壬壬
̧ͩһƣ֮ǰԵСŮ
ʱǺƣСŮ첽˹
ʱһɫܳ˷Ұһɳ۶ǳų¶ȥ
Сģͩ˼ٶ˹ȥ
ꡪһ̶ɲ
һĺ¡
ͩһѱסСŮֻüת˰ȦһʹϮ˲ط˳ȥ
ֻͩһţƺǱʲôȥˡʧȥ֪֮ǰԼСŮµĿԼ˵Ľ
Ѫʣܿ˿ɫĿܿͱȾѪ졣
ûע⵽ԵöͭǮһöڼʵͩѪԭƽƽͭǮϵ΢⣬âȴַǳ鶯Ѫİסˡ
ԭ۵ͨǮȻʼ仯Ǯ˸߹Ϻɫһչ֣ȥޱȡϸһƣͭǮģ֮ϾȻͻأĺ˺һĺۼƻƵ
â˴ʮϢöɫͭǮϢشӰʧ
ڶ籨ϣɳƣʦСı⣬ڸֽͷϡ

ҰĿռ䣬ɫ·𺣳һ㣬һ˽һˣǳӿ
һϺɫ΢⻮ǿƵС
Ϻ΢ڻɫ˻£âϸһƣȻһöϺɫԲη׵ͭǮ
˲֪ãһöµĸǳ˺۳ͭǮϣһˡͭǮʧ١

½һͨСسУͩ˫ۣףӿͩǵԼ·˵һ̣Լʧȥ֪֮ǰƺСŮӦǾˡ
Ҫ˵ʲôһھްĿǳд͸ֱͩˣõǰһƣôӤС֡
һӢˬĶ̷ٸ˽رͩǲǶˣι㡣
ͩĸ飬ֱٸŵСϣŷӦ˹
ѵˣͩһ·ӵܣܹӣûһִĸоԣӦǴԽ
ͩһͩǰһ¶ڵ۳ʦȥ֮ǹһˣڵǣ޹ңͩҲûʲôùģһȴǹ¶ԼĸĸףͩǰζԸ
ţͩ˯˹ȥ

ʱعȥˣͩҲһسˣתۼˡûбֵ̫ͻһĺһŸĸ۰
¼Լ磬ͩҲ˽⡣
ֻиͨĸԼ֪ɺϻʲôֻͩǽͩ
Ӹĸ˽⵽أڻڣʮƵس֮һռعаʮһУ֮У֮һǧУ֮ͳһسǡÿһسռضС
ͳ֮µһسǡسѾСλ۾֮ءسûд䡣


2  ɳ
½ǧٶʮһһǧʮһգͩѧӣ㲻ʲôأռҲзԲǧسڵ˿ڶ򣬷ֳ⡢Сڳ˿ڼо۾֮أ˿֮оа˳ɾסڳǡڳǰշλֻΪ˸ÿһѧУгһЩھס֮أֲʳء
ΪʲôҪس֮пأΪس֮ݺ򣬲óǽػסֻбƻ³Է½һ磬˶ǿ
컹ûͱ׽Сʱͩ꿪ʼ׾Ϳʼÿ϶Ҫθ
˵ңͨͩˣſͣһĦгһĳӣ͵ϵĦгһǣûӣֻĥһ̡װװף߹ļӡ
ĳڵϣƽոϽ֣õĳӣһװĦг
ͩȴףļֵ൱ڼ׷ļֵˡ⳵ΪĦСǷ½Ƽ֮µĲ
½ƼΪͩǰеʽ֮еĸྦྷʯΪǿ󹤾߾ͱ֮Ϊߣ෱࣬еĸƷǿսӦоС
߹оƷܷװĦУһƷϵȵߡ߿ףʱٿɴٹһ£׸ߣƽʱٿʮңľʯϾġҲǾʯڣûĴ֮ǰܡƷԽߵľʯָٶȾԽ죬ֵȻԽߡҪǣûȾ
ͩĿƼǳظȤѧȻҲͷǳڴ
ԺУȡеһѧеļҪʮʱеԺУѧϰ̶ȡ
ѧУǳУѧ֮࣬ѧУռȻǳӴ
ȥɣѧ֤ҵԼİ༶װͩطԸúѧ֪𣿡
ţְ֪ټͩ΢΢һЦɰػشͩףѧУѧϰɲÿһӶܹģѧУѧѿɲ١
ѧ֤߽ѧУĴţͩҪ˽ص̬ʹ￪ʼ
Լİ༶һ࣬Ϲѧһ١
Ͻ̨һԼʮŮʦ
ҺãҽѦӨǿԽѦʦӽ쿪ʼҾİΣҸ̵ࡣһ꼶ۡʵʷĻΡʶԼʶһ䣬ϰġѦʦܵʦϿΡ
Ѧʦ˵߳˽ңһмʵ߽˽ҡ
ңҽǽʦͿˡǼϰżʦ̵γ̡
ǵһϿΣɵʶѧ䣬Ϊʲô֪𣿡ʦ٩٩̸ΪԱΪǿΪ˾ѣǵʵһ޴ıأȴǼġǿ׳ʼԼøǿӵǿݵٶȣǿ׳һжΪ˿أصĵһǾͳ֮Ϊѣ
ôҾҪˣôܾأҸߴңһǳѣ겻úѧһֱ϶޷ѡһϰż̶׾ѵġȻҲһЩǼϰƷѵСС;;ѵӣǵоš
֮˸оһĻôϽ֪ͨһǵļˣǧҪΪһ¡
ˣΪǽŸոѧҪѧϰ̫ӵĶҾͽһսְҵķɡڼϰ׶ζһǿһ֮󣬾ͻַˡе˾֮󣬾ӵ;츳֣ǿ߱Ϊʦǿ߾ͱ֮Ϊʦ
ͽۣ֪ͩ
ͩѧϰɳҲʹ˿ʼȽͷ꣬Ļγǽ̵ֺͼ򵥵ѧﲻҪѧϰ䡢ҲҪдʲô£ֻҪܹʶ֣ĶԼʵʵļˡѧγ̣ȫڴǿǡ
ͨڿϵѧϰԼҪѧУͼݵѧ֪ͩʶѾڸͨĳˡ
ԶͩлҪΣգҰֲŸָޣЩвⲿءͬʱЩҲԭϡس֮УԲΪ߷ǳĶ࣬һ֮ңÿֻҪɱʮֻͼ޾ܹȡ㹻ʡ֮СĵͼҲ൱ϰ弶ߣͼе൱ϰ߼ߣͼߵ޾൱ϰżˡ
ͩļͥǼϰżߣÿֻҪɱֻͼе޾ܹýΪԣˡͩÿʮ죬ֻͼ޺ʮֻͼеޡ
ѹ֣ҪĻҲӵмϰ弶ʵĻֻһֱس֮ڣЩֹۡĻ
ͨѧͩҲ˽⵽֮󣬼ϰ֮ϾǴؼʦʹؼʦǰӵбȼϰ߸ĽսԳȡһĴ֮ΪáӵоԶңһЩרΪʦ߱Ҫǣʦӵսְܣ߿Ƽķչʦ
ʦְֻҵͰʦҩʦʦͻʦرǰְҵսְҵְҵŵ춨ʢĸְҵҪǿľ֧šȻʦϸרҵְҵҲһʦսְ֮⣬ƺûְˡҲΪһ㣬ʦĵλʦҪߵö࣡ϧǣǾ֮ǰı100001֮Уʦʦı10001˭Ҳ֪֮ǰܹΪʦʦ
ͩһ£ҪΪʦļǧ֮һһǧ˿֮вŻһʦ
ѧõ꣬ͩȻ꼶ֵ൱ãɼһֱǰéͩԼȴˡ
ưԽʹԽҿΪ˾˶ԽģܵøôɣʵϣͩԼһ׾Ժ÷֮⣬ʲôѧ֪ʶҲûУ뿪ָҲ첻һ֪Сɵ֧Ϊۻ׾Իûǰ׼ȷ
ͩ⣬׾һżѧʣݻҪ˵ĵиˡ
ΪͩΧС治һȥԵЩȺѧϰ֮⣬䡣


3  
űĳһʮڲͣϰŻȭȭսţУȫķ
ͩ緹ˡĸ˹
ѾʮͩΪӪԭ򣬿ȥͺʮ塢һ׳ʵ
ͩ˽ϣ׺ĸѾˡ
֣衣ͩкһ
첻ѧ𣿡ͨʵ
ãǳȱҵˣѧУż١ͩش
Ŷͨ˵
ǵǣҵǲ£ھӵмϰߵͩ˵
Էɣ˷ҵԺȥͨ˵ͳĬؿʼԷˡ
ͩǱȽ˽ԸԹŰϰ֣ͷԷ
극ʰȥˣͨŶԺ˵ȫһȭ
ͩ˵ͷΣһ׼Ĺȭؽ
ͨһֻɵؽ˶ӵһȭһҲվԭأ˵ͷѧУ⼸û͵ʮֵغãȫõʮЭ
ͩȭΪ׼ҲûܵʲôϾϰͼϰż֮Ĳ໹൱֮ġ
ȻĻѾΣҲ԰׼Ҵġȭˡͨڳһȭƣһȭһǳɵش˳ʱȭ磬ȭӰͩĿѣۻ
һͩۻȭ֮
ͨ˵ȭҲãҲգҪһǣһߣȫΪ׼κһ߶ﵽģһסȭǽ̵γԽ׼ʹȭǿ֮ޡǣȭĴڲ·ǽ̵þɾȭѧϰȭ֮Ҫϸеþ֮ȻﵽļޣٳԽޣԼ
ͩһ£а룬ԭȭĴǽ̵þˡ
һ磬ƾͩ˵ԣֻһͽȭѧᡣ
סȭܹ3׼ȭҪȫ͸ô׵ġ˶ʮ꣬Ҳﵽȭ¶ѡͨ˵գֵĽָȡһŹֵĻ
ָǿռ䴢ָ߿ƼѾﵽ˷ָռ䴢ĳ̶ȣֿռ䴢ƷͿʼռļ۸Ȼܹ󣬲ͨļͥġͩһöϧϰ˵ڴﵽϰ弶֮ǰ
ǲԲԼϰżʦʮ׼þһȭ¼Լݣܹ֮Ӷǿͨ˵곯ͩ˵ͷ
ͩһ£һȭٹͩı׼Էȭķʽһȭʾپʮ1.3ͨʮֵ⣬˵Ȼﵽ1.3ҵһβԵʱ򲻹1.2
ͩǱȽֱ۵˽⵽⡶ȭļֵˣͨľżϰʦǵı׼1000ңϰѾȫѧȭǵͩѧ֮ʵҲܹ͵ͨϰ˼ʦı׼
סȭֻʮУʹò󱬷Ҫһг׼ֻȫڻ֮ͨ󣬽ַ͸ܴ֮ﵽʱһȭһŶܴﵽͲپȭԴǿȭˡ
ͩһһϰšȭϤȭķʽ֪䣬һȥˣֱͩԷͣ
ͩЩ˷ܣԭ˵ļȭ֮¿Աǰͩġ
ͩ⣬˵ͨƵ񶯵ȭǽƵʾ󻯣ȥѧϰա
ͩ˵ϵڼȭҲԭɣ
ȭҪԣһδȭĹ֮ȥеľ壬ȥȭڹ͵Ƶʡ
緹֮ͩһγС
ͨһ𣬿ŶԺȭӰ
ҵģӶȭƺŷһ츳˵
ţѾˣǵĶӾȻһţŽӴȭһ죬Ȼ˴죬ȻѾеľ壬ʼȥˡŴﵽһֻ˰ѡͨʮ˷ܵ˵
Ҳһϰżʦֻ˶֮ͺɱˡȻܹ˽ͨ˿̵顣˵ǵĶܹΪߣǾܹᵽȥˣͲסسĵˡ
˵ͨɫ˵Ӷֵ˵ƺ춯Ҫ˶ãµ޹Ǿͻ٣սʿԽԽ٣Ҽһ׼Ӧս
סشһɫЩ԰׵˵ϣһܹƽضȹ˽١


4  ޾
Ǵ˶޾Щͼ޾ȫóи߼޾óһȥȽߺҩɡͨҧҧ
ðɣҲûа취鰡Щ᲻ãҪ֪޾ң޾ԴһƷ䵱Դ߱ҲҪ䵱Դ͵ҩȻ߼޾׼ʯҪһЩɹؼ޾ԴڵĽᾧûгɱԡǣ޾ֶ֮ΪĲȷԣÿֻڶеģеǿû޾еСȴ޾ɱһֻ߼һ޾ҲûУҲɱʮֻСȴֻֻջ
ÿÿֻҪǿɱΪսʿͥᴢ޾ΪӲͨһĺԴ
һ֧ˣٻһʺʽӦ衣
ڵõڴᣬȺܹǵϢеսʿͥԼͬѡóʽȽߺͰҩ
ڶһ磬ͩһӳ緹ͩҪȥȭͨס첻ѧһȥӶΣ
ͩһͷӦãʵȥˣЩÿ춼һߵ͸ˡ
ϰֵĦУ뿪˼ҡ
Ӷλþڰ˴ͬĽ紦˵ˣǳģڡ
ڳϣͨһ߿һ˵ӰӶ֮󣬶࿴룬˵Ӷͷǣ鲼Сء
֪ˣϰ֣ҲǻġͩµӦ
ӶȻ֮طҪΰö࣬ǿĴž崦ʮߵĽس֮ߵĽˡ
Ҫ֪½ϵعϡ˵ɣسռؼ㣬ҼһС͵ķӣûбҪס¥áԣӶڵʮ㽨ضָġȻ¥סûУڱȽƶһ˾סġ
һţ͸оˬˣռؼעĿľԴŵľ޴ĻĻϲͣиϢȥʮַæ
߰ɣҿǱߣǹȥͨﵹǼΪϤֱͩߵСų̛˹ȥһ¥¥¥Ͼǽ״ˣкܶö򵽡
ֱߵһ̨߸ݲһˣһȾơ
һ˿ͨĵкһ٣ϴˡ
ϴӣ
Ҽǵӽʮɣÿ׳
㸸ʱķ緶
ͨ˹ЦЦͩһһܵӵļһ塣֮СõȷЩӡ
áͩòк
ӴǶ£ϲ˵գּóһƹСĲݸͩǼš
ͩϰ֣Щɡ
ϴһͼ͵޾͵ǸֶʳԡЦؽ͵
ðɣ¡ͨ˵ͷ
塣λһԵĵ̣žͽе̡
ӶʾˣҲ󰡣šλ¶һȹѿЦҲһöͬ޾
ÿ˶һöͼ͵ȵ޾ͩ
ͨڰ̨һ迾⣬ͩŵһ߳ȥǼ˾һʲô
ŴҲѾ֪ˡͨ˵
ѾȷˣҪȻЩҲһֱڳûгȥ
һ£ӦһΣɣǵʵǿģҲмײУسǵӲġͨ½۵
ϹأһǼ˿²Ҫϵսӹͬ˲С
ӣҵ޾Ҫ嵥·ͨ˵꣬ӽָȡһǵݸֵļһ˵Ҳ׷Ч£óԼ޾
ģҰɡù˵嵥һƣ󾪵ҪѪ
˶һۣЦҲ밡Ҫûˣ벻ѪҲа
ͩһһ߳һһЩ²ɵô󾪣ϸ۲һΧսʿǣ˶ǳɫҴңһַ¥ĸодҪˡ
ڴʱһ۵̤һ¥ſڵһʦ׷׹ÿ˵·
׻ˡһЩϰżʦкϰżµʦкʸûС
һ֮зǼϰżʦĸ֣׷ͣºͽ̸һк׻ˡͨȰҲ׷վк


5  ͭǮѶ
λöˣι֪ͨһϢڲ֮ǰѾȷϣһ޹ѾԶˣشнһʹϹأǻᰴձм۸ɵļ۸޾ɼǮΪ˿ǵķ󷨣ѹ޵Ľȡ⣬ʱλһͬϳǽͬأͬЭɹ˽١׻˵˶¥
ӣˡ̵ͨӼһ˵
ͨͩؼˣ·ϣͩʵְ֣ղǸ˭ô硣
ŶǾ׻س弶ʦǱǿļ֮һ֪ʲôʱҲܾѣΪؼʦǵӿɾͺùඣطǵôСسѡᵽȥﰲȫö࣬ơֻϵĴвиߵѧԺͨ˵
ͩӰְֵĻԾѵĿԼŨŨĸ
ְּͣһеġͩ
صҵͩȻЩ㱣һǶԽĴؼǿ߶˷ܣǶ޹ǵĵǡȻͩûмʶ޹ǵĿ£ӽ֮ҲܹһЩ˿Ӱְ֡˵ɫжϳбȻ൱ա
ͩͻԼķˣڴϣ˶᲻ƣͣǴеһСԼ̫СˣǱǿܱġ
һó˽õ߿޾
ﲢƶƽͩÿ춼㻨ǮңһҲ2ңسҾ㹻ðˡ޾һӲͨһö޾ļֵͿԱͩһ㻨Ǯ
һĿ޾һ޾ڻתţͬʱһߴ޾һ˼βѵǡ
ţʲôأԵģ˷ѣָȻĶϧ߿ŵͼ͵޾𡣡
ڴʱͩȻԴһۣһصڴܹͩо߿޾Դͷ޾ܼٶȻʧžڵڱա
ͩӿһɿ־УԼ徹Ȼʹ
ͻȻ䣬ǰһڣ˻赹ڴϡ
ͩʶһ֮ʱȴԼһƬڿտĵطʲôҲûСϰʦٺڣҲܹԼʮ壬ʲôҲʹﲻԼķ䣬һ֪ĵط
ιͩں˳ȥȴûлӦ
ͩЩ֮ʱȻǰһƬĿռͻȻһֱ嵽ͩǰ
ͩһ£̧̤ȥֻǰһٴλָ֮󣬷Լǰһȥ޴ԲͷͭǮͭǮɼķֲߵѺۣһѺҪǳһЩһЩڻָǹԴ
ͻȻ䣬ͭǮ֮һ΢⣬ͩӦ֮ǰڣһ򵥵ϢͩԺ
ͩЩϢ֮󣬲ŻȻΪǰ˻֮ΣԭԼԽ׾ǰöͭǮ
ԭԼʶռ䣬һǻԴס֮
ΪͭǮƣͩûнӵ̫ϸϢҲյһЩϢֻҪеһѺ޸ͭǮͻῪ
öͭǮϵߵѺ۾ͷ·ߵӡһ㣬ټϴԽеģ˿öͭǮܹ޾ע´ӳ˯֮Ѿˡ
ͩյϢ˱ѾԼ϶Ϊһ˵ˣԼΪһ£ĺ¡ֻҪ޸˴˱ԼӵʱٿöܹʱյͭǮ϶ͬ졣
޸ߵѺ֮ǳԵһֻҪ޸֮ǱʮֻҪ㹻עͭǮͩıԴꡣ
Žǵһӡѣֱͩǲ˼飡Ȼ֪öͭǮʲôıҲ֪ľơͩǸȡһ֣ͭǮΪıԼһˣ
ͬʱ˱ҲΪͩܣۺˣԼĸĸͩҲѡܡ˱¶ȥ»ɱ֮
֪ͩߵȼܹжжô档ͩȴҿ϶¶ҲܱȵöԴ괩ԽʱյĴͭǮ
õЩϢ֮ͩģһʶʶռг˫ۣʱе޾ͻΪˡ
Ҫ޾Ǳ׼ʯͩ˿İٱԼӵԶͨ˵֪ʶһıνĲš˿ٶδãޱȵţԼһԾѣΪλߡ
㹻ܱԼһĸĸܱҡ


6  
ڶһ磬һӾһ緹ʱ
ͩʵְ֣޾ȻȲϱ׼ʯΪҪռ޾أ
ܼ򵥣Ϊ޾ĳɱͣǻ׼ʯԴھʯ־ʯڲԴҲǶܹġ£ܹʡ׼ʯľ;ʡͨش
ǾʯԴǧ꣬ӦҲɵò˰ɣҪǾʯûˣôأͩˣ벻ͨľһ㣬ϵֻмǧѣô̵ʱҲƵھȻǧʷ򵥾һ˼漣ȻһԴ˳ʱ䣬ⱾͲɳ˵ͩԼ֪ôʱȻû췴Ȼ⣬ͩǲȥʵġ
Ǻǣںܾ֮ǰ۹о쾧ʯڵľʯɶѡԵĿɣһȻ棬ⲿ־ʯָٿɡʽʽĿɣټ쾧ʯԼ޾ԴȻòġ߿ƼһֱھƷ棬һֱʮƷʦλҲˣվͨ̾ҲԼҪܹѳΪʦͺˡ
ˣְ֣ǼõҲһƷߣ߼ҲƷƷϵ߻֪ôأϹʲôͩӵҲõĸ߿Ƽϴ༯ھϣƽܹʹõҲô¡
ǼҾͻһƷߡBǹͨ
ͩ˵ͷûжʣҲܲµһλȥ򵽵ĸ߼Ӧ޹ǡ
극֮ͩûûʼҪ޾ΪͲ;ԼҪõ޾ðԼʵȥоĳȱҵԣĻεĿԵǼ򵥣ѧĿ˲Ҫġ
ѧԺҵзĽѧ𷢷ţ˵еһʮŵͼߵ޾
ͩʮŵͼߵȵ޾ʮִѵģҪ֪ͼ޾Ϊȣ͵ȡеȡߵȡÿһʮʮңҪΪֵĲͬ޾֮ͬҲ졣׼ʯͲһˣ׼ʯÿһŶȵͼߵ޾ҪһЩҲ߲ȥǱ׼ʯ̺Աȵͼ͵Ⱥ͵ͼе޾Ҫ߼öࡣ
ȭֶɹһ죬ڶһ磬ͩŰְֵķĦеѧУȥˡ
úÿԣ𣿡ͨԶӽе
ְַġͩһȭӦ
Ŀܼ򵥣СʱͿˡ
ҪĻ俼һĿķֻҪ󼰸ˣȤⷽ淢չⷽ츳ꡣһĻ֮£ٳֻڴźĻ£ŻֲֶͬĻרҵӵ俼Ҫǹ˵ĻĿٺҲϲҵ޷һѧԺѧϰˡ
俼ѧУٳϣ˿̲ٳϱΪ򣬷εؽпˡߵȼֿ֤ٶȡӦ֮⣬ʵսԣʱģԵ⼸죬ѧԺ꼶żˣԲԵӵ鷳
ͩ˿̾ͺԼϵͬѧһ𣬵ȴſԡ
ͩͬСʵͩõڼС⼸ͩͬȰͬѧҪ˽ͩʵ
õһȻõˡͩһҲΣҲз硣
ҪˣĶֿɲ٣˵ֹǰмϰߣ߰һ̬ȻܹϰսʤϰļСش
˵߰İ೤ޣͩҲ˵λСͬ꼶֮ͩƽĵ͵ͬλ޵츳ߣҪͻƼϰļǿ׳һ︻̵۽εĶӡ
ǧҪΪϰʲô˲ģҪ֪ͩǲʮ꣬ǳʱ򣬵ûеʱڣֻϵеѧԺʵ׶Ρܹﵽϰ֮١
ֻϰ߰ȴʵսǵģиС߰࣬˵߰ļϰǵ޵£ʮС˵
ͩ仰˼ܹѹסͬͬѧľԲ׵Ͳ࿿ʵ
һͩԵʦе
ͩߵʦߣǰĲ豸豸İġ
Ҫþȫ׼Ŀ꣬ʮȭƵʱ֮ڣ𣿡ԵʦָŲλʵ
û⡣ͩҡҡͷ̨豸ȼ̨ҪȽöܹ࣬ʮȭ֮ڲԳһ˵ݣ˵׼ȵȡ


7  񾭷Ӧ
ͩù˫ȭã֮ھͺʮȭ
ƽȭ310ŵȣܺãǳ¼ɼʦ޵һ
ͩ漴˲ٶȵĵطŶӡ
һСҲ˹Ľ˵湻ģһЩ
ж٣ͩʵʵûб¶ȫʵ
ƽȭֻ240еȡС̾
Ҳˣܹҵͩ˵ѧԺҵҪƽȭ200ֵ300еȣŵȣٶȴﵽ70ֵ10070ֵ100񾭷Ӧ70ֵ100ܹҵˡһֱÿ꼶ῼ˵⣬ļڽսпˡȻеѧԺıҵҪȻҪߵöࡣ
ǵȻҵҲ⼸겻ǰ׻𣿡С˵ȻȲͩԼ޵ˣͬѧУ
ͩЦЦûж˵ʲô
һֵٶˣٶȲܲ˵ıٶ׼ȷݡ
ͩһϵĵõ90ĸ߷֣ͬҲȫʵ
ֵ񾭷Ӧˣ񾭷ӦʵǼΪһݣͩҲ벻Ͼܹ׼ȷزԳɼĶؿƼﵽʲôĳ̶ˡ
ͷ񾭷ӦʦݹһͷͷеǰĦгİȫñһͷһһĶǰһ̨İĻǰĽͷϷһԵĻ˸΢⡣
ͩͷֻǰһڣ漴Լ·һֻ׵Ŀʯϣǰһֱ֪ͨжԶ
ߣһʯͷ֮ϰﳯӭٶˡһе
䣬ӭʯͷľ׮Сһ
ͩһӦǶܣ漴ͷ֣Լܵٶȱǰö࣬漴ˣﲻʵ磬ƺһ磬񾭷Ӧж죬ܹ죬Ӱ졣
ϰʵֻǵô򵥣Ҫ˼ӺδܸܲɵӦϰҪʶתٶȼ졣
Ҳ֪˶ãͩڴﵽޱ֮󣬲ûиоʹֱӻָƽӾʦĻȡͷˡ
ͩȡͷʦ
ĳɼǳȻ260ֵ֮࣬һϣ̫ˡʦ˵ţɼ뿪ˣҵİȻȡʵս˵ĺ롣λʦ̬Ҳɵÿ˼֡
ͩųɼ뿪ˣûоʲôԣֻЩԼĳɼȻôáȴ֪260ֵʵ̫ˣҪ֪ϰߵ񾭷Ӧﵽ80㣬ﵽ90ţﵽ100еţ100ģʷС
ͩʾֻһϰߡȴӵ260񾭷Ӧֵʲô
ô˵ɣЩʷеļ¼ֻҪ֮󣬰˳ɶʦͩݣǰδУ
УҵϱУŶԡʦţȻɴһʦʱĲԣԼתͩĳɼУҵķȥ
Уңܹ϶ѧԺУʵȻʵ϶УһѾõĴؼʦУѾһˡ
Ŷˣ½ƽȻߣһļϰżߣȻ130ңķΧ֮󣬳Ϊؼǿߡͻõ300ңͬʱؼǿÿһ𣬲ʵҲؾżʦܹﵽ400ȻԣλУ˵һУ㳤
Уܹ𣿡񾭷ӦʦУǰŽе
ʲô£ɡһȵ洫˳ͬʱУҵĴҲп
Уҷһѧ񾭷ӦȻ260ֻһʮĳҵֻϰߵˮƽػ㱨
ģԭȵУҲɵóԾˣϰ߾260ֵʵ̫ˣѾ˻µʷ¼
ʷж೤½ʱʹ˵Ļӵǧʷʷͩǰֱӱϵ壬ʷƾҲֻǧֹ꣬ϲ㡣򱶣ûгֶϲ㡣
ͩӵһ21ִ˵ʶʵڲ˳ʷηչģѵ˵ϲ²֮ûа׼ìܣ
ǧȷĳɼͩĳɼУ
Уӹɼһ̾ףǰϧˣ츳ѵĻа˳ɿܻΪʦѧԺܹ̳һʦĻǿɾͳˣҲܹõͷļνϧмʵģ츳˾һܹѵģȻ˹Ѿõʵַ֣ۼߣûռĿԣûļҲʹޱϡ


8  ʵս
֪ͩԼĳɼ̫˶ѧУϲע⡣ͩоԼı仯ˣԼ񾭷ӦǰҪ
˶ݵʱȡ˿ĽֻһͣǾԼʶ֮еͭǮˡ
ѵͭǮʱܹҵ񾭷Ӧͩ˵ǳصͳ
벻ǣȵõοԵĵһƷͿԳһˡ
ͩӰõԼĺƣһֻҪ֮ǰݿԴﵽʵսϱֵòĻܹҵˡݼѣʵս̫ĻǾҪˡߣݲϸʵսȴǿģҲܹԱҵ
ܼ򵥣ӲԵģ㹻ĳɳռ䡣Ҵᱳˣʵս˹أôܹسǣԣѧУСʼѧʵսʵսüأҪȻҲóؽˡ
һ꼶ǧ˲ʵսˣעҪܳʱܹɡ
ȡʽٳѾʮ̨ÿֲַ̨Ű˸С̨ÿ̨ǳʮ׵ΣСֻ̨ʮױ߳
һ̨ʮˣʮַΪ飬ȡƣʤһ֣ƽ֣һ֣ȡСһȻ˸Сĵһֳ̭ʤ󣬵һΪʮ̨̭
ͩ˹֮󣬼һ£ԼҪʮϣ˻ƵСԱȽƵ֮⣬ļ㹻Ϣʱ䡣
еʦʼַƤףһ߷һ˵Ե㵽ֹ䣬أùˣУϳ͡
ÿ˶õһƤ׺ƤϲأһƤëƳɣܹܺõطסҪλ
ͩͯϣС³׼һרŹ¼սߵʦе
ͩһ̨ͬпڵܴͷ壬𣿡
ͩȻһִɢĴǰɢȭһֲͬˣһʮ꣬һȭٶ๫Ǹ磬˶зݵˣǵϵĩʱܱȵġ
ͩ˵ǼϰʦҵҪжͯͩ˵
ʼ
ͯ˹գۼͳ嵽ͩǰʮ׺ݵһɨ
ͩ񾭷ӦһȵٶȻ죬ŵһ˲䣬ͩͼһȵĽǶȺԼѵܽǶȺͷԸֱӵķӦͩ񾭷ӦȻ죬ȴﲻͬı׼
˵ˣͩ廹ûȫϤͻȻ񾭷Ӧ
ͩһˣһȡ
ͯʵսԷǳḻһϹʩչжҪ͹ؽڹ
ͩüͷϵضšʵս鲢٣ΪһָףʱУ֮ûлΪҪʱԼ״̬
ߣҵҪ㵽ʱͯغߵȭٺٿʼӿ졣
ͩʼмˣΪѾ㲻ȥˣͲ񾭷Ӧʱ岻ͬʱʶж죬ж졣ȴʶ죬ȴϡ
һϸսʿڴ֮ǰѧᰤͩС׵ĵϰִСͿʼѵͩͩӰѧмܡ
ʮӣһֱͯڹͩء
ͯ򽥽Щͷˣһڹ𣿿ɶ񣬽УɨȣͯμתһȦһɨ
һٶȼ죬֮ǰĳҪһ
ͩһɨ˲Ͳ׽Ĺ켣ѾһЩɴ೯ǰ̤һһϥײɨͯһоУȻಽһײײ˳ȥ
ͯڰ;бϣʮܣδȾͱһɴ˳ȥ
ϡͩ˵һ䡣
ͯվһԼؿڣشˡ
ͩʤһ֡е˵ͷͩһۣЩò׼꣬óĻʮι̣мܵĹʮ񣬷ʶʮֳɫȵʮˡ
ðͩķôã͹ܷСͩҪö࣬Ϣͨ˵ͯţʵսǿ
ǺǣˣȥɣŬͩ΢΢һЦͬǺкøеġ
һսͩʮֱʵֻɣʶ̫ˣȴϣôأ
ϸ֮ǰıԣͩһƺյʲô
ٶǲܶʱϵģֻýӦԼ塣ͩһ̫ȭ
԰ôˣɽϵͷ̹̫ȭġԼѧĿɲȭڵĵֻ̫ʮʽ̫ȭҪȴǼǵʮ


9  ̫
ͩػ̫ȭʮδˣ֪ǵö١
ۡɡ⡢ˡˡΡ鶥ذα׹⣬衣ɷɣչδչⲻϣⲻ̫ԲתʹϾͩʶ֮пʼػ
ơơơ̽ơơơơơơơ˫ơơơһһȭʶ֮д֮ݻΪʽĻֿԷΪȸβޡơ׺ᡢ§ϥֻáƱաʮ֡ɽ
̫ȭԼҪĽ񾭷Ӧ죬巴ӦľѷЭ񾭵Ĳࡣ
̫ȭѧѾʽʵܼ򵥣κ˿ѧᣬ̫ȭעĲʽȭĲ֣ûжԵĻ͡׾һ˽Ļȫ޷̫ȭ
Сˣ׽Աԣܿͽһ֣ڶֿʼˡ
ͩ³׼¼ɼʦ
С˹ͩ˵ͩҪСһҲĶ֣ľȻ̬Ӳǿ޼ҷ̫ǿҲܱ̬ٶֻ̫ҪоС
ͩŲԶһװ˵Ĵͷɵõ˵ͷʮ꣬Ȼ߼ˣ¶ļ˱Уλһǿ³ͬѧͩһֵñȽӣӴʮѧռϡ
ͩ³ϣС׼˴ʮӣ¼ɼʦŽе
̨ͩӸ³Ҳ̨źԣޱȺЦָ̡
ϹأԿʼˡ
³ڳһȭƣóѧһȭѧԺ̵ѧ·ʽȭƷ֮ģעڴʲôǿ¥󡣱˵ͩİְҲڲ֮ǰŽȭڸι˵еѧԺʼˣͿԽ̵ѧϰȭ֮ˡⲢ˵ѧڴ֮ǰѧϰֻǴθں˵Ѿ൱ˣѧϰĻ࣬Ժӵĳɳ
Ȼ³츳˵һߴθһѧϰǿԵġ
³ȭһڣ㹥˹
ţȭ
·һͷţһ㣬ͩʮ־ˡ
ͩڸ³еһɲǾͰյȭ֮ȭ·Ǻܼ򵥣ȭƣһĸо
ͩʽһڳӭ˸³ȭͷ
һ֣ͩ͸оһǿѾͩı׼ţȭҲǺͷȭһ͵ȭǽȭ
ͩƣһƣж˶ԷһơƱգȻǰһ
һȭõǼ֮ʱԡȭķʽͬʱҲ˸³Լǰ˴õ˳ȥ
ͩ˻ڳһ׺ᡣ
һӵǰѲͬѧǶ˰Ρ
Сӣˣ̫ȭʵս֡աˣͳһ㶯㾲ⲻϣһǣϣ˻أȣ󷢡һ߱ŹŹ緢֮࣬Ҫרעһ϶׼㣬еķʸڽŸɽŶȶָһ˿ϡ
ͷӵȻͩԺһͩǰֵҲһͬ֡

ҵ񾭷ӦֻҪȭٶȲܹǰգ漴ˡͩа񾭷ӦͻȻߣȻӦȴʵ̫ʺ̫ȭķˣ̫ȭˣǧؼں󷢺ͽ󷢵Ĺؼ׼ȷжϳ˳ȭԼĵȵȣҲؼһ㡣̫ȭĺԼʽϵӦȥﵽĿġ
³漴վûͯһֱ䣬ǼΪŽûжþͱˣôɵĶ֪
³һһ
ƣ֮ǰֱһʮֺˣȭʱȭ綼ܵ͡졣
ͩ˲׼ȷжϳһȭٶȣɶǿмܵĻȻˡ
û̫ȭĻͩʹȭ³ӲƴӲҲһӮܾĿԻһЩϾͩȭѧ˼ѡ
ظ֮ͩν³õɣ˵ڵأֱΪֹ


10  
ͩʤ
ͩʤ
ͩʤͩսȫʤսΪСһ¼ɼʦ
Ϊʵݬ룬СԽúܿ졣ֻһͽˣҲСС黹ûɱԡ
쵱Ϊˣٽ̭кͼ¼ʦ˵뿪ˡ
ͩǷѧؼˣһС׷ʵϴȭȭȥ̵ģȴС
̫ȭͩش֪ȭĳֱȻһЩע磬ѧ෱࣬ʤһ̫Ҳûʲô˲ġ
̫С˵ͷҲûٶˣȴǶȭΪϲҪȭ̫ÿ̫ˡ
ѧУǱߣԵʦǾһ𣬱˴˽šͩʦرУ˹ȥѯ˼䡣
λʦһһʮ˵˳رָͩȭ֮
У˵ǳһ£˵˵ͩѧһӢӣȭϼƷǻȥ֮󣬹עһ¾ˣ¾ͲҪˡ
ǣУλʦӦ
ͩصҡ
Σŵʵ
ԿԱҵͩش
Ǳأϰʵ
ѾȡСһҪμ̭һǰʮвĽһѧѧһȡһµġͩЦػش
ˣҪ̫ǿˡͨʮֿûҪһҪ
֪ˡͩشȻȥϴˡ
ӣϴȥóԵġ
˷֮ͩԺȭȴһٱȭһִһٱ̫ȭһط˯ˣǿĿʼ
ʵҲˣС֮󣬳ɼܹҵģԱҵˣβμӺıҲûʲôϵ
ڶһ磬ͩѧУѧУٳϻɽ˺˻Ҫࡣǳ꼶Ŀˣ꼶Ҳֵġ
ѧУҲûһֹ꼶ѧ볡Ϊӽ쿪ʼıӰ쵽ĳɼ
ͩ쿼Ե̨ߣС͸³˹Це˵̭ͩͣҪ࣬С鶪
³Ҳ˵ͩҪҵǷҲһŬˣٴһ³ȷʵЩĪġ
ĿԾǴıˡʣоӢֳʮ飬ÿˣ̭ÿСĵһȥμӽܻ̭̺ܼ򵥡
֮ǰС̨ˣ̨ԭǸ̨һ̨ͬʱ̭̭ĲоͱȽ϶ˣˣһƣ¼ʦҲˡ
ڳǩ֮ͩţѡֽ̭
ڣһŶţĺţŵλѡֱַϳܲ
ͩһСͬʱ̨
ҽĶ֣ͩǰ꣬ԵñҪҪ֪ͩڶͬѧУֻеƫˣ³ǲŽ׳
ϻףûб䣬ܴͷ壬עִ磬ǲǵˡѵѧУᳫʵսɲᳫ
ͩ롣ͩڳһƣ˵
С˵ձӭûϽԼٶΧͩܣƺѰͩ㡣
ֻͩǾذڳƣûΪ
ܣһΪͩ㣬ôܣͼҲ㡣
̫ƣƼ򵥣ȴ̺ϵ£״̬£㣬ʵ϶塣
ǹЩ㣬Ȼᱻ£⵽
ҧҧͩĲ󷽣ٶ͵ؽп֣һ߹ͩ
ͩ·Ժ۾һ㣬һ㿪һţ漴һȸβסٽһޣһ֮ϣ֮ƣѾҪɳȥ˻һޣϣ߳ȥԶ
ʹˤڵأҲûôҲ벻ͩʵôôǿʵûȫӳɵɵرڵء
ͩʽǳ򵥣Ҳ죬̨µˣԼ̨ϵĲжȭʵ̫Źˡر̨ϵĲпиоĹƲûʲôȴ·һ໨ϣͲһֱӴˡ
ͩʤ
漴ͩͬЧʰѵڶ̭ΪСԲμܻ
ͩЧȻܸߣڵС鲢Ƚһ飬ʱŹ˰ˡ


11  
ٶȽ̭һҵкͷĵޣλܹϰսʤļϰߵꡣ
ЩС鲻Žһ̭ܹڽеС̭õˡ
ͩɻˣʱܻؼңȵ̽еòˣ֪ܻͨСܲжͩ˵ҵǽ㵽߿һԼĶǣ࿴ѧҿǱ
лʦͩл
ߵ˺ܿɢˣСͩϤ˹˵ܻؼңһȥ˽һĶǡ
Ҳáͩ˵㣬Ҳ֪СϢͨ磬Լȫһ
ڴʱȺ֮߳һˣΪ׵һͩĵꡣ󻹸Ŷˣл˹
ߵͩǰ״ͣ´һͩ
ʵǿҺܸˡƵҽеޣϣܹڱϡһİ
ãŴһȫԸġͩػش
š˵գתһ֡ĸû˵һ仰ֻǵһͩת뿪ˡ
Ⱥ֮Укµаֵ궼ۿˡ
ͩȻõ˵޵ϿɣʵһǿɣΪʲôǰû˵֣˶ʶͩΪͩʵ̫͵ˡ
֪ͩģĳɼһֱǰУѧϰʮ档λͬѧʼҫ
Сͩ˵㱻޸ˡ
ΣͩЩͲںΧĿ⿴ˡ
һգϲֹУܵŲ˵Ϊ붫ԺУͬ꼶ĵһֱԣȥ˼ҽ졣Ұܶ飬ڴ֮ÿ¶ȥ˼ҽңһ¾£ȡʤһһţƤҩһ㣬Ҫȡ鷳ˡС٩٩̸ҸҴģһܻûк֮һᵥ䡣
ͩЩҡҡͷȷʵǸ鷳⵹Ҳûг֮ͩ⣬˭ûйֻԼѾ׶ΣȻֻʮ꣬
̫֮ǽľƽͣⲻͩҲǰѧ֮ˣܵΪ֮Ѭգ͹ǿʤĽ׶ˡ
һαԣǰһͲԼӿˡΪ˽ƷҲòᣬϾϵԼ档
ߵҲǺǵģǸݵĸ߸µļһｻ֣÷ǳơмֶܷηǳǿƺרһ׷С٩٩һ˽ţԽҲǺãʵ¸ǿ˵ĸǵ޸׵СƵĸڵߡ
޴࣬ĸ̨ȥߵʶĲʶģԾÿһ
磬Сʲô˲ģ㾹ȻҪԼս
ѽҿһ£ʲôʵ
¡ţԽСˣȭһ޷ĥظкĺгСط
ؾͽС̭øͩһ̨̭ͩʹ̫ȭ֮󣬶ʱЩš
̵ȭҿĶ̫ˡΪţԽ겻м˵
ǰ磬˭Ƕ꼶ĵһְһƨȥ
޵˵ͷûж˵ʲôͬԼĽš
С̭һȫһʮ˲μܻ
ʮ˷ֱǣһСԳɣ¡£İФ£ͩƷɣķ뿡߰ĵޡ¡ţԽ˰֣ŰĽһ桢½㣬ʮıɡ
ȻһηԣǽĶַֿˣʮ඼˽ܻ˵߰ȷʵǿһࡣ
ʮ֮УȻŮº֣
Уûûãų̡ܻ̭
СӲͩȥ̱һ߿˵˰ȺͬǳΪ͵ЦˣȻһҲûнܻǹˡ
ŮƽȣСòôֻİɣͩҡͷ˵
ףĶ־Ȼİ£治һͳŮеһҺò֣ͲˡСٺЦ
ô֣𣿡ͩʵ
һλ֣ԼɡСһָѹ˵


12  
ͩ˳ŷСָ˹ȥʱˣʵȷûָΪһָŵһһôݺأţɽݾͷǳС߱ͩ߳һͷͩҲٹذɣ
϶ûУҷģСǳ֣صؾ˵漴ֻЦҪȻ˰ҲΪ֮ͬˡţڰ˰·ϣԲҳԼǰ˰ˣٺٺ١
ͩصһ£ԼҲ
Ķ֣˽٣ͩʵ
°λȻҪһٱˣû㲻ˡ˵ʵԲСЩɡСԴش
ͩ˷ƤһⲻǷϻܹܻģʵ
ˣؼϢˡͩת˰ֶԷСǶȥ
صУΪ磬ûеʱԺŲһȭȥ
ʾľȻ1.8
ôܣͩԼҲţǰŲ1.3һôͳ1.8ˣ
ͩѲݸɾˣ²Լı׼
ȭ˲ϡ
ʾͩı׼Ϊ392ֻһ㣬ָʹﵽļϰʦˮ׼ˡ漴ͩ˼ΣݲûгֻһЩСѡ
ͩеȵǣŶ̶̼ѣԼôͱ˼ʮأ
ͩϸ˼⼸ľûʲô쳣Ҫ˵쳣Լ񾭷ӦͻȻоΪӦ̫ʮʽ
ѵͩ
ͩվԺ룬ش̫ȭһʮʽ̫ȭһһ飬ֱʮʱ򣬵Ʊһͣ
ֻͩһֹԺУֳʻ״ڣ·һһ㡣
ͩ˶˽ȥһԣ·ڡ
ʱͨһˣôôͿʼˣ
ͨ磬ˡĻӳﴫӻˣԡ
Ŷأҿ˵ˣο÷ǳҽ˱ҵܻءͨ鲻
ǣǵĶȻһ㣬Ժȭء꽾ػشгϢȻֵøˡ
ɣȥͨһװԺ̤ԺͿͩһɵɵһֵԺ
ͨҪڣͻȻ䣬о˶ϵһ״̬վȴ·𲻴һ㣬۾һϰżߵĸ֪оڡͨϽ죬ϸ۲һ֮ɻҲм룬ѵѾһˣͨǿżĵ˳Ժӡ
һ˷ܵس˳˵ض˵ղȥӣҿʲô
ʲôϴˣһ˳ʵ
ҿ붨ͨ˷ܵ˵
붨ʲôֵģ겻ΪȻҲ붨
Բͨ붨ͨ붨߿ٻָƣ͵һַʽԲƴֲڵоƺѾһˡͨ˷ޱȵ˵
ʲôģ꾪ȵһߵ˲併
Ҳ֪ǲģΪһ棬ҵҲûиоȴ޷Ͷڵ״̬ͨش
ǣǣǡ꼤ò֪˵ʲôˡ
ǲǣ֮һǺ¡ϧڻСһ߼ϰߵĻ˵ܹȫͻһ棬츳ѡͨѹ˼֮󣬳̾һľȻ֪ԶϰߵʵǴһ棬ܹͻƵϣҲʮã
ΣǺ£ͻƲˣҲûйϵֻҪܹһ棬ʹл츳Ҳ߼ļϰʦȻһ㡣βͻƲ£µǸһ档
ͨһ£˵ͷҲԣֻҪܹһ棬ǾһõĿʼӻСԺǻᡣ
꿪ĵ˵ȶ츳ˣǾܹᵽȥסˣҲò޹ǵ¶ˡ
ͩһվվҹȵԼ붨ʱҲһĵصҵģôһգ۾ˡ
̤ӣÿĸɳϣ졣
ˣûԷɣȥһ¡ĸ״ȰЦһ£˵߽˳
ӣ¡ͨһ֡
Ҳû뵽ôͩ
С£һ붨ʲôĸо𣿡ͨΪŵʵ
šҲûʲôĸоֻǸо棬ҡͩ˵ͣһ塣
ף
ô£ڷ·һ˵С


13  ܻ
ȥһ¡ͩ˵գվԺĲȥ
ͨͩǰصȴš
ͩϢһ£һڵĹȭȥһȭȻǱ׼
䡪һص漴ͩһȭݾʾ˳
450ͩͨĿɿڴֻͨǾȶӵĽٶȣ漴뵽ʱһĻǺܿȻˡ
ͩȴһΪջͲһΣûе400żСʱȥˣͱ˼ʮô£
̫һ̫ȭã
ͩӿһǿҵϲ⣬˭ϲʵ
ܺã벻ѾﵽļϰʦˣӦŵͻȻҲҪעⷢչͨͩ˵һ
ԳԷˡ˹
ͨű죬ͩ˵ȥԷɣ˷Ϣ컹Ҫμܻء
ͩƵܵˡ
ͨŶӵı¶οЦݡ
ͩĵسŶҲ˼̫ȭкΰ֮Ȼܹ˿ٵԼʵܲϳ
ǰͩҲ̫ͷڹ֮ǰһӵ̫˵̫ȭϵǿݵȭǵΪ֮ãݻ̫ԡͻȻ˵ʵҪȻǰ̫ȭü㣬ˣ
бȻʲôԼԻǲβ͸顣ͩһֹۣ벻ͨͲȥˣԹ˷ͽϢˡ
ڶ죬ͩһ磬ںԺϰ̫ȭ챩ҪȥӦͩʮι̣ټ̫ȭѾܹշ硣
ͩҪĲٶȡΪķչʮҪģͩҲٶȵҪԣ
ʲôʱȥѧУ緹ʱʵ
ŵʽʼڲߵ㣬أ˷ߡͩش
ú÷ӣ̫ΣҪˡְֹĵѵ
סͩͷӦ
ͩ緹ǰԺ̫ȭʱ
ͩڼ𣿡
ͩԵ˭ˣ߳ԺȥţСô
ȻһȥѧУඡСش
ͩ˿ʱ䣬˵ߵ룬ءһ˵һ˵ش̫
Сһ߿һ߻شȥҲռλһͩȭʵõֹȭ̵ģùְȭκ˶ͩǫ̃̄ϴɱķȭ
ȭǿ֮Ϊ֮ͩػش
ʹɣż갡ҪˣСмشϵ
ͩҡҡͷûж˵һĻ֮ͩѾ˽⵽̫ȭ˵꣬ʵǣԿȭѣ̤ǿ֮·ǸЩæӦ޹ǵвͩаѸҲ̫ȭ뷨
СһԿţûãȭҲͿˣʵΪ̫ȭʽ̫ˣ۾ѧᣬȥȥҲôУһ̵ģʲô
ô򵥣СɵҲѧ
ͩҡҡͷûС
̫ȭ˫ѧѾֹͩСȥѧҲ˽ȥָҪ
ϣѧܷɱġ⴫ڸѧҲһǱ򣬱˵ȭ״ڸǿԵģǵڣǾƻˡ
Сһ飬Ҳûʲô˲ģҲûȤҲɵȻбȻҪڣҲûжʡ
ʱ˰ɣȥѧУɡСɴԼҴȭ˴һСʱͣ˵
ðɣһ·ͩε̾ȥﻻһۣȻͷСһ뿪˼ҡ
߱棬ѧУʱҲʱˡ
ѧУٳϣĸ޴̨ʼǸ̨⣬½ġ
ϯ̨ϣŸ꼶ʦΣеλþУ
ͩ쿴У˵УǴؼʦʮСؽе
ͩҲΪȣؼʦĲǱȽңԶʮ꣬úܣͭǮıԼ̫ȭŴؼʦԲ롣
콫гѧԺҵܻȣҪϲμܻλͬѧǽеһӢİ༶ϣܹúõر֣ȡõĳɼԲرҵУ
ѧԺѧѧԺǴһͬʣӡǴеѧԺʼҪˡӢʦԴȥӢѧÿıҵܻľУþǻֳѧ֮Ĳ࣬Ȼٲ뾫Ӣ༶
磬һлǹңǿΪݡǿԽ࣬ȻҾԽǿǿߵȻǼ޵Դȥصߡ


14  ͩVS
ʽʼУ
ʼˣĸ̨ͬʱУһ̨СԳɡ̨¡¶Ф̨ͩ¡ĺ̨ƷɶԷ뿡
̨Ĳʦ֮
ѡϳ
ͩһ̨漴һ̷ŮҲ̨
ͩԼ֣²ǵľˣĸͿܿɰܹôѧ֮ӱȻʵ
룡ͩ»ִһ
һҲС
ͩӰΧͩ񾭷Ӧȷܿ죬׼ȷز׽µĽ·ߣȴϰһͱмȣǱ
µĹһ֣죡
ȷٶȾȻͩԳԾ
ԼС磬һͬŮӵ˾˵ʵ
ͩһֲмܹλȻѹ·磬Ҳûгʰơ
ʵµǺǿֻȷ̫ˡһ֣ȴͩѹ·硣
׻˵رʧ
ͩʮ֮ڱͻ˷ؿڲɱرһɨСҺãµȻ죬ȴһ㣬Ƥķͩһ˲ˡ˵֮Զ˾룬Ѹٵһû̫ܵ˺
ȷͩ޵
ףҵӰ֮Ҳ㲻İɡ°ʮ˵
ãġͩһ£ղŻģȴҲ·磬Żش
ӰԿʤ̫ȭȴ˸ա
ҵҪƣӰҵ̫̫ͩơ
ܻȻͬ죬һ˾УƵͩòԴ
µȷʩչȷХδӰС
̫ͩȭʮʽӦţ˵ʵͩǵһ̫ȭѧѾͩȻ̫ҪҪ˵̫ͩȭжô£Ǵƨ
µӰԿȡʤǸͩԼѹ̫ȭǿѹ£ͻͽĽУ̫ͩһЩ˵֮ǰ̫ͩȭǳžĻھڽڻͨ
ͩȻµӰѹ·磬˿Ժ̫Ҫ鶥ذα׹⣬衣ɷɣչδչⲻϣⲻ̫ԲתʹϾ
̫ԲתͩȻʲô̫Բתһ̣һɨͩ硣ͩ˳һһȵⲿһ׹תƵһɣ貿һһȫ˳ֱ̨һͬʱҲµһȸǣסС
ͩץס˻ᷴ˻ȥֻáƱաٽһޡһУ´õ˳ȥ
ͩУÿһж߳ɵɱȫһȻҪǿ
ֻĪؾͻȻдõɣؿһƣʹµ֮󣬾ԼڸѾһЩˡ
1234пʼˣܻȡƣڵʮ֮ûΪԶ䡣
µ֮ŬصϢһ󣬵ȵ˵ʱ򣬲վ
е˵ͷ
ͩʵһ
Ӱȵǿ㳢ҵӰȡ˵գйɵת
˲䣬ͩͱӰΧ
ӰȾӰȵļǿ棬ٶȸ죬Ӱȸǿ
ûõģȷѾ͸ˡͩҡҡͷ
ȸβޡơ׺ᡢ§ϥֻá⻹ͩǰһѾҪɳȥ¸˻̫ԲתʹϾǵޡơ׺ᡢ
±ˣֱɳȥʹޱȡ
ͩѾˣ⼸жֻһѣȫ¡
1234910еͩʤ
±зʵôû°ɣһԿʮ׼ȷΪͩʽ죬Ҳ󣬶ҶǴƤ׷λãҪҲֻˡ
»ҡҡͷû¡
ǿˡܸңõʲôȭ𣿡ֻ̾е˲ȭȻˣȴʮơ޴ʹζʮֲܡ
̫ͩ˵ͷش˵գת̨


15  ķ֮һ
ͩմ̨Сӭһݵ˵̵ͩȭô
Ӯòɡͩҡҡͷûио˷ܣЩѹˣܻһ־ˣ滹˵ãαҶ̫ȭµĸ
ѹжͩھǶʮ㣬ͩǿĶ
̨ھеİ˷֮һһһȺ˱һֱʸķֱһСİФͩķ뿡߰ĵ޺ţԽ˰֣Ű½Ȱˡ
ķ֮һСФͩԷ뿡޶֣ţԽ½㡣
ڰСʱʽʼ
ͩĵһ磬Ϣˣ˵ǲżͷСһûһ졣Сֻص٩ŵ޺֣֮սɶ֮ս
ʱƷ˹
೤ôˡСŸƷæкƷİ೤ڰϵͦĵġ
ûʲôֻǹͩ˵Ʒ΢ЦŻشֻͩʣһˣҪͰһĶֲ򵥣ƷΪơԽıɣѸ缲磬ɷ
ͩƷɵĻɫصͷлл棬һСĵġһĶ֣ͩȻޱȵӣΪ䡣֪ͩ뿡ͷֵܣѧ·࣬Ȼܸ˵ޡԼ뿡򲻹ھ񲻾ûԼķˣ
뿡ǱȻҲѸ֪ͩһЩʵ֡
λߣ׼λˡڴʱҪʼԭֵĲٳʱ
ͩͣСˮƿݸͩһͩļ˵
ͩ˵ͷһˮƿӻ˷Сһ̨
뿡һ߸ݵ꣬˫ڲе£ִһ񣬸԰ڿ˼ơ
ʼһӣ
ҵƷΪˣУ뿡һ͹
ͩȻӦʱ˿ȴû뵽뿡Ʒ˹졣һƷǡġΪǹǿĵطǷ뿡Ʒȴԡ塱Ϊ͸ǿ׼
˼Умʮ֮ͩӦƷ׼ƷģֱӴ֮
뿡ǿȻ֮󣬾һֱϷ磬ͻȻоһԼ֮ٷ˻ʱһȭ໨ıŤС뿡ҪջԼ˫ۣȴԼָճסˣղ
뿡ϣһȭƽ֮ǿӲջʽ
ȭ뿡еͩȭˣʱԴ
Ӣʽ뿡֪ܺͩȥͩȭȥᱻܣһоʤһǡơ֮ǿһʽ
ͩΧ̱ӰûӢͷףֲʵƺÿһӰĴ͸ɱ
ͩˣֲʽе鷳
̫ԲתƱգ
ͩ˰˷䱾˻ΪӰʵ죬ӰһԲǵӰĴ͸ѵؽԷ롰ԲС
뿡ù£ɵżˡ
Ҫ֪ӢʽһУҲܳʹ̫õģһеķǳ󡣵ֵ֪ѹͬСΪرʧʱƣѹȻڿľ˭ȼֲ¡
ͩȷо޴ѹزסǿ϶ģȴֲ뿡еѹӣʵʱƣܹͩ赽ԽԽ࣬ȻԽԽɡ
һһң뿡ֲ֧ȥˣٶȶʼ˥ˡ
ͩ׼ᣬһ־Բлһȫͷ˳
뿡Ӧ죬ջʽӭͩ˫ƣƽ
䡪
ͩǷ뿡ȴǱֱӴ֮Զ˵ڵأ£񴭲ȻĹټһڸȻܴ
1234пʼˡ
ͩվԭûжȴ˸򣬷¶һޣ뿡Ʒ͸ٶȳͩ񾭷Ӧٶȣ̫ȭپҲס
ղǷ뿡ٶûгͩ񾭷ӦٶȣȫϤ·ط
910ͩʤдڴͬʱ˼Уҽ뿡ϸһ
û£ֻڸһЩ𵴣ûд󰭡Уҽ֮󣬾Ͱ̧ȥ


16  
ͩҲ٣ϾͩˣҲ֪ƣ۵ġ
Сǳ˷ܵӭ˹ˮƿˬë˵ͩ湻ģȻǰǿ
Ӯòɰͩ̾һαԣͩЩԼΪȥ̫ȭ̵ģʵҪ֮Уۡɡ⡢ˡˡΡ϶Ҫ޵ٶȲȥʵ֣̫ȭˣ˲䣬ʽٶȶǼģֻǴ˱ʽԻˣž̵ġ
ڴͬʱͩˡࡱ̫ȭ֮ԡ̡ʵϾڡࡱϣҪֿԼĽ֮УȻڲƿ죬֮
ͩһϢָһ˼ţ۲һʵĻҲСȥˡ
ͩǰǿͬѧǳԺʶĶ˹ͩкͣݡ
ͩʮӦţⶼǰڽϰֶ̯ΣҪһ̬⡣
ʱһε磬緹֮󣬰С
ͩһĶ־Фһǵ޶֣Сüɫ˵ǲû뵽Ľ
ͩСͬѧ꣬Ȼ׷Сָʲô΢΢һЦԴȷû뵽֣Ȼ
ǶλǶһվǾ޵аţԽ֣ıȥˣҪ֣ķ̫ǿȫһȭȥȻȫЧţԽԼſµġСЩҲмֻ
ФأͩǱȽϹԼһĶ֣ڵ޺֣˭õȵԼʤһ֮˵
Ф˵ûе޺֣ô̬˵ģºѧϰǿֵֻҪһܹʹĶǱԼľиˣʧܡСмƼĽ˵ɶ츳ͽ츳ʲô书һѧͻᡣ
ͩҡҡͷֱ˷츳Ӳ羫רϾ˵ǻȻ޵ģȴ޵ġ
λߣ͸λܻİʮӺʽʼһ̨Фͬѧͩͬѧ̨ǵͬѧ֣ͬѧ֮ʤ߽ܾȡһУȻͽֹˡ
֮ͩѾȫָ˹
ʮӺ̨ܲ
ͩФͬʱ̨˶һۣӶԷпһ˿˷ܡͩԣҲⲻе˷ܣΪھֻ֮ңˣõھ֮󣬾Ϳ޸ͭǮͽӵд˵еĴԽߵȨ
̫ȭʵҲǴԽߵȨ֮һصͭǮȣԵЩ΢ˡ
ɷϣĻ֮һ̫ȭȷʵ˫һ֮Уֳǿ˵ף̫ȭֻһ֮֮ĶȭĸƷѡ̫ͩȭϳ޻á
ͩ˼άصⲿƼϵ͸ϵ඼ȵҪö࣬ϾϵĻô㣬ҲֻǷչ̶ǧ꣬ķչʱȴǧ㡣ͩǴĻˣŸǧʱ䷢չܿܳԽķչɾ͡Ͼıϵĵ·ûдҲܷչǧûκεʷϲ㡣
ͩµ磬ͱϵ֮УĻ߻ܹ߳Լ·Ҳһ
ûгԹ⣬ѵûп
ͩȻ֪ʶеöͭǮʲôرҲ֪Ⲣͩ޸׷˵ǻĹŴ񻰴˵еɼҷ֮ıأ
ڰͩޱȵ棬Ҫ֮ʱϧ¶Լʵǰͩúʮ࣬ʵûȫ450ȫ״̬ʹͩ˿Ѿﵽļϰʦˮƽ
ݵؿɫͭǮŶ̶̼վһΪʵŴ̼ͩԹھ˵Թھں
Կʼˡվ̨
ͩФ౧ȭһ񣬰ڿ˼ơ
ͩһ𹥻ȭȭѸȭɱͳȭٶȣεÿ졣
ФҲʾӲӲӭȥ߼ҵشһ
С̨Ͽ̨ϵļҴ򶷣ֵֹˣͩô͹أѵǲ̫ȭѧȥ
һ̨ϣ޺֣ıҲͬչ


17  ǿ
޺֣֮бҲͬǼҵӲӲ֣֪õʲôȻһҲٻʵ̫߼ˡ
޵ȭ߳ȭͷϵͻ֣мܣֱӴϣЧȴƼΪϸ΢
һߣФҲͩƴȻ֮ȭһ䣬˱üΪѸͣͩȭȭС
ͩȻ׼ҲɵôһȭǿŶطʽȭȭ֮ΪȭȭлͨһȭصڷҪûҪİڡ
ФȻЧЧԼĻҪá
ͩھȹѸٵػָ侲˼͹۲ţϸ۲һͩһЩ˿Фʹõȭеȷǡȭ˾ʽȴȡȭҪҲ˵ַʽܿܳԽ˷ȭޣﵽıϵ
ͩȭһ˲ת̫ȭסФ
ФûзӦͻȻǿǿԿȭȻתȫ෴ȭûüС
ơ׺ᡢ§ϥޡȸβҰסһУФһֱֲӰ˴˳ȥ
ͩõҲٹϣᡣ
ФǱޱȵſڵأԴе¡
1234ˡ
Ф5ʱŷӦ˹ѸٵϢһ
ţȭФζһ¸ղͩȭ޵
ˣɡͩڳ̫ƣ΢΢һЦص
ãФ˫ȭ裬ӭȥ
ȭཻѷѽ⡣
ФֻԼ·һ㣬һһ˵ıŤЩɼФŬؿԼģСĵػȭͷһȻûκα仯˶ѡ
ǺȭУФ鲻ֱֻӱˡ
̫ͬȭҡڵʹ˳
һͩûپˣϾ̫ȭȷȭҪѧû̫ȭҪȭֻһ׼򻯰֮ûжɱ̫ȭҪȭЧƽܣһӵصɱ
ФʹƵ̫ȭ֮©ٳͩץסᣬһƱտסФĻᣬȻһصشФؿϣõǡľϣǿľФؿڣơ
⻹û꣬ͩФǰ§ϥֻáɽظ飬ȫФؿڲλǾⲻϣⲻ̫ԲתʹϾ
ǱԵķϣáФ˺˳ȥ
ǽ࣬ʼգͩһֱڿڱĽ࣬ӷȭʼͩФƱĽࡣФһֱģѧԱ֮ʩܶ֡ͩһ㣬ģ£ФһʵӲԭʮɵʵֶֻ֣
ФúأϵƤ˴󲿷ͬҲ׳ܵġе뿪ʼˣФڰ״̬֮УҲû
910ͩʤ
УҽǸ˹ϸһ֮󣬵˵ͷûд⣬ֻڸܴǲ塣Фȥˡ
̫ȭڻĹڼȭķ룬ȻûӽĴ羢ôԵɾĴ͸ͬСӡ
ͩ˵ǵһαֵǿƣ̽ûУֱӲֿƽѶֱӴڵء
С̨ͩ޵ͩ湻ģ¾ͰФˡ
ҶѣûзȫʵʤҲѡͩ⻰ʵФѧȭȡȭҪö࣬ʵԲСӡ
Ͻȥ޺֣ıԣϾ˭ʤһĶ֡С̨ͩȥ
ϯ̨ϣλʦںУ졣
УǽͩСһﲻ
ţȭȵȶҪСһﶮӡҪҰޣǺҪġ
СһѾžˡ
ˣʹõȭʵ˾̾
У΢΢һЦע⵽ͩˣȷ㣬رǷУеĳɼ֤һ㡣
ˣȻǺӾҪú꣬Ҫеһһ࣬ʱǿҪúõص̣˷ЩӡУĳطԸ
İɣУô˷ĺӣ̺ǣǹҲܵõĽλʦĻ˵ʵڡ
λʦҲǵͷʾͬڻ˵½ʦݶͬһĸߣرʦǹϵҡ½ʵ̣˲Խ࣬ʵ̾Խǿ


18  Ĺھ
˵ѧУʮʦžżϰʦʵڵλȴͨĴؼʦ͡ټϽ͹ʣǸҪȥɱ޾ܹϷǳԣеĹҶʦڹﵽһ׼֮󣬿ṩ˹ѵĻᣬ߶һ书ط伮
̨ϣ֣ıԻûн˵Ÿտʼá
ͩͷСվһϸعۿš
̨֣ϾͺһƶĴɽǳ𺳣ͬʱƶٶҲ߰ٹ
Ȼ֣ڵﵽϰʦĿԽӽ㣬ֲӦһ׽Ϊѧ޺ӲӲĻ»ԴϾ̫ˡ
Ҳƣǳصλһֱڹ֣֣ȴ޷һ¡
ͩϸؿŵ޵͹һȻʲô۾ɵԲɣһȵĿ⣺Ǵ羢ҲͨĴ羢ͨĴ羢Ƕ̾ķɣʮָķʽĸ翴ͩе⣬õǶش羢侢͸ǿһа
ͩһ㣬ԽãԸ֣ѲĶֻ֣дڲƻڵİһȫ֣϶ŲȥֶκǺһЩԼҲòó
ش羢ӦûֶΰɣⳡӦûˣԼ³Ķ־ˡ
ɶ񣬿ɶ㲻ҪƵȥòãǲ˰ָӲӲɶĳ棡棡֣ԿҪĥˣŭŭţŭɶ
ߣ޲мһû֣ĻͬʱȴڰԼţôϣӦñ˰ɣѵӵôǿ壬ܹǿѹɣ
֣ڱһȭ򵹣Ӧ˵ѹİһڱ֣ҽһڵϡ
ް˿Ҫһԣʮϰٵ˵ģʵЩԲ
1234пʼ롣
֣ڵϣʹûб£ް޵ޱߵķŭʹ֣ȴУֻһͷǾǴ򵹵ޡ
788ʱֱ֣Ӵӵֱʮֹ졣
ޣҪ㣡֣·ʶ˻ţһǿϱ
УȵֱӴվ˵⣬⣬Ǿѣѣ
֣һڣһ֮УȻһ֮£˳ȥ
ʼδĸţѪ˳ȥֱӷɳ̨
Уһʱֽ޽ס̽һϢóһöҩ޿Уһˣѵ͵ҽȥѾסˣҪһʱ䡣
֣ԶԶһķ˵֮΢΢һЦȻڵأ˹ȥ
˰֣ͬѧ͵ҽԺȥԸҽԺҽϡУã벻һ쾹ȻؾˣǴһϲ£ϲ°
УܿͿƺм֣ͬѧ͵ͬѧ޷һγ꼶ܻĹھͩͬѧϲΪһܻĹھ
ͩӾ˹УĻһһ˵ζĽϣõģЩ⡣
ܵ˵ͩǷǳ˵ģʮöͼߵ޾õˡǣԼʶеĴͭǮ޸ˡ
ֱͩõû˵ɾõ˹ھСĽ˵
ҵõģ֣Žкãͩҡҡͷ츳֮Ȼ̴ؼǺʵǣӵ֮󣬾ǼϰҲͬ޵еĴڣҴӼϰżһȫûƿԣһһ졣
ϧÿ˵ľǺ˵ԸԼأɸưСҲ֣׬ˣȻؾʵ̫ˡ벻ŭҲ˾ѣôûĺӴ
佱ʽܿ׼ˣͩǳ˵վ˵һλϡ
УԽԼʮŵͼߵ޾ͩڹúѧŬͺˮǲ׷ѵģϣܼǰһѵ˵㣬ҪԶرţ𣿡
ǣУͩӹ޾иˣ޾ˡ


19  ͭǮָ
һܻˣѧУҲʽżˣʱѧûһ׼ţҲҪȵ޹ǵķ粨֮
ͩŽؼȥˡ
ְ֪ͩõܻĹھ֮󣬶ʮֵؿģòˣĵףһ
ϣͩһ˴ڷ䣬ó޾ͭǮ˵ˣɡ
еһöͼߵ޾̶ʮӾͱմ
ͩϽֻһö
һСʱͩõʮö޾ȫһա
ͭǮͩ˳ɢ΢Ϲ⣬ɼͭǮϵһǳԵ˺ڽػֱָʧ
ͭǮ˺ʧһɲǼ䣬һϹͩü֮ڣȻΪһâͩʶ
ͩǵϹ֮нյϢšڴͬʱͭǮڽͩʶһ˲䣬Ϳʼ³һصͩʶ
ͩʶȻʼؿ
ԭͩʶһ˿̳Ѿ˺ʶĴСŴ˾ǿҪΪһʦʣǿȻռϷġ
ͩʶԱ仯ֻ֮һͩͭǮϢ֮˹ϴЦݡ
öͭǮͩһ㣬һɼұֽǮҪǣֻһ鱦ķ֮һڼңԶ޾ֻ֮ǰʱǼܵشΪࡢϡסöͭǮɢʧ
λԵɺϣǮָʶͩΪſǮǮ˼壬һµ˺۷·ӡÿ޸һ˺ۣұ˵㹻ͿԿһӡ
һӡѾɱǱЧܹ˵ľǿʮ֮ǿ־
˱ﱾĹЧ֮⣬һЩʶ䡣ѭ򽥽ݲۺԷҪأꡣ
֮ΧҪûĹŴĻ˵һʥһԪϵȻҲиķ޵ġ
·ûศ˵ǿߣСǿߣС
ֶԱԶԵģؾżʦǿڴؾżʦǴһʦԱȼϰżʦҪǿöࡣ
ͩͭǮʶ֮УϤ˾ѵİءʦʦǵľѻ־ġһǿˣ֮ͻΪʦһ˾ͻѳΪʦ
ʦʦ־Ǳܾ֮ѡ֮ǳΪʦʦǾҪԼ컯ˡ
ϰǷ˵Ľ׶Σ׶ΣǷɢڣûоۼǿ֮е˾ͻӱǿ־Ȼ־ǣǱǾѣ
ͩõϢȷرˣһɼҳ֮Ϊѷ
ֻͩõѷ׶εȷϢҪϢֻпڶӡСȻѷڷ½֮Ϊѡ
ѷ˵ѣͺһѼεסе飬κҪ׷׷׷ȶôѼ
־ܼ꣬ڵȻѡ
ͩһѾʼ꣬Ҫ˶ãǾܹΪһ塣Ȼܹ꣬ͩѡ
һĸ־ȴǿƾûǿ־ͲܳΪǿߡ־ͷ·Ԫ˧֮;Ԫ˧µĽ
˵˵ȥܷͩѷĹؼ־ܹͩ꣬Ҳкôġ۲Ż֮ǿ֮ؿʶʶԽǿԽǿ󡣾ԽǿȻ֮󣬱ȻΪʦͬʱҲȻΪʮǿʦǱҲԽ
˵һ꣬Ȼʹ̱ͩǿȴǱǱԨһƼʻᣬܻΪ֮ơ
ڶӡֻھ֮󣬲޸ˣʱӦûѷ֪֮ʶС
ţ˯ͩǿԼϢĹǻģһ˲ϾǾѣ໹еġ
ڴϣͩԾѵľͶƽ˫ۡã


20  Ⱥǣϣ
ʱһξǰ¹ȥˣͩÿ춼ʮд⣬ΪܹͩоԼÿ춼ǿЩ̫ͩȭȻƽ湦Ч˵ͩڵۣʶһʮҲ˵񾭷ӦǿʮѾԶԶ˼ϰżʦļˡ
̫ȭĹЧ֮£ͩҲȲڵͩѾﵽ˼ϰ弶սʿˮƽ
ʮļϰ弶ʦеţͩͰǰȣˡȥһܻԲѴܹ֮ȡùھⴿ۸ˡ
֪֣֮ͩʵжǿͩͬԼֻһѰˣͩоԵţҪ˶ãԼҲܹѡ
ٹ꣬곹ۣʶȹֻ֮Ҫ־ܹ֮ˮɵѷѡ
ͩҲоԼı̬ٶˣ̫ȭֻҪƽȾٶȡȲܹ࣬ڶ̶̼ڴϰżĸ߶ȡ
ͩһֱ˼Ÿε͵ˣھ֮ǰ⼸һҪ͵Щ̫עĿ
ڴʱ洫¡¡С
ѵǵ𣿣
ͩоԽԽǿȻ䣬һľس˷쳹ʡ
ͩ⾯ɵɫ䣬⣬ȺǾȫǶҪ֧Ԯǳǽ
ڴͬʱһƾճ֣γһž޴ޱȵĵոǡ
ͩϽʰúûﴫ
ͩؽݣ֮У˿ĸѾһŮװۣһսǹһAǹѾϺ޾ŸһѾذס
ǽϵǸʽУȱС߷ΪƷƷԽߣԽǿߣ෢սıСЩֱ߱Ǵ˵еһ㣬ܹ˵սޣӵлص߿Ƽķչ˳ֵȱ˳Ѹܵ˻ӭռ
ǻ˵ĴеƼĵ磬ȱȻȡʵϣ磬ȱֻܵͼߺʦĻӭЩǿǰȻռҪλҲ޷ΪЩǿ̵ȱǿҲֻˣ෴رרſǿսԽǿߵӵޣһЩʩչԱȱ
Ϊ֣ȱȱԡABCDEFGHJƷAͺʵһƷߣJͺžǾƷߡ
ͩзǽȡԼսۣ洩һƤףһ׽ۣѸٵػװһһƷսͬһƷAǹһѺĸͬͺŵǹ
ͩöָϣвʳ޾Ұþߣʲô⣬Ҳһӻóһöָͩóһŵͼ϶ͩ˵ȺǵԲСӣ⼸ΧȺеسҲˣҪԷһǶأأСǰأӦҲȺƣɢˣ˵ȥǻе㳡Ѱ䡣ͼҪպãμġ
裬ѵȺôط֮⣬ͬʱЩҲͩصʵ
ΧسǣпҲȺ֮Сֻȫһǧ֮һǧûһĳбȺݹСȫġش
Ϊʲôᵽȥأͩʵ
̫ͩˣǼؿԹ÷ǳظԣǵȻȫȨƵ̫ˣѹֻ̫о߲ܵӡ곤̾һش
ͩһеˣͺũ÷ǳõˣᵽȥֻķݡ
سǻбƵΣգЩѧͻѧУֵı£һˡҪǣô󲿶ӣˣ⼸·һҪμǣظͩŵͼϵļ·ϵעζ㿪;еޣҰ棬αȵȡ
裬Ͱô죿ͩĵʵ
ɵӣ㰲ȫˣҺ־ûк֮ˣǵ;飬ټֵЩսѵҲСŶͻΧȥа취ġϾֻƽ񣬲ǻǾ²ΥĻȻǾһ˵ġЦŽ͵


21  ȺǣУ
ͩһ룬ҲԣǾڱȽľӷ룬ƽʱάسǵΰԵǻҪͳԹ
óһöָһ£ǽͩ˵ŵʽĦкһĦСպã·ʧɢˣǸ·ҲЩҪסʽĦȻԴϵͣСע⣬ҰʹҪء
ͩˣ˵ͷĦȻӰȫԴҲ·ʧɢϵ޾ܻкľΣգ޾ľˣôϵȱõĽͨ߶ñϡָеķĦһƷеߣװҲӦٶ͵ġ
裬ôôഢֵָͩʵ֪ⴢָ൱ֵǮġ
ǺǣӣҰ⣬ʲô鶼ܷҪƴҪʱע˵̰Щָ󲿷ֶǱ˵ġûж˵ʲôֻԽһ¡
ͩʮһΪ꣬Ȼ軰е˼
õһ棬ͬҲаһ棬һжʹȻسлǾάΰͬʱҲһЩǱڣûж˹ȻΥҰǾͨˡ
֮ԲЩָ¶⣬ΪЩָνġùģͷŻóʹá
ͩûٶʲôЩָ֮һ¶ָףκҲ벻ϾȻöĴָ
سǱƣ֪Ҫˣʰ˺֮󣬰еıֳݣһݽͩһԼš߰ɡ
ͩЩѹص˵ͷؿһԼסʮļңԼĵһңһܵůļҡ
ͩһЩѧۼѧУʦ쵼֮£ȱսǧҪ뿪ѧ飬Σ֮ʱʱԳһʽĦУͩǳȥ
˿̣¡¡ϣֵ˵յǽͨߣһȥ
ǵҰֳʮ򣬻سĸ伯ϵЩǹ滮õģռ
ǣͿ˸ߴĶǽֱΣյһ棬ػ޵ĹѹһǽҲܼӦ
ǽʮףɾˣͩ￴ȥҲԼܹһȺޣڷسˡ
Щޣмֻͷȴɽè
սѾչУͣз޵䡣ȻֻܻǽǶڿеķȴ൱ܣ޶˹ҲԴط롣
ͩԶԶģ·ڿһħôƬһ㣬ЩȻؿǰ׳۵һĻ޷ݵѪм
ͩ÷ЩڿαѧΪޣڵͼޣȡʤʱûʲôвһвɾͲСʱڴȱĹ£ûá
ÿһٶƵļӳǽÿ붼Ƶķ޵䡣
ͩЩ޺öԸѶԸЩ޻мޣǲǳǽвֻҪгǽڣٶҲӦ꽲ҲѧУѧҰ⣬һ㶼ǵжˣֻҪ㿪СҰвҰ¾ϺȺ֮Ⱥ
֪ˣ衣ͩͷӦ
ˣȥȥȥѧУ֮ȥĦЩضͩ˵úñԼ֪𣿡
裬Ҳǣа֣ҲҪءͩ˵ػشһ޳
Զ
Уͬѧʦǣ3򼯺ϡ
Ӷʿǣ1򼯺ˡ
Уͬѧʦǣ5򼯺ˣ5򡣡Укܶ࣬ģоģѧУģ̻ģӶġ
ȥɣҲҪȥ1ˡ˵
ټ衣ͩʮֲӦĸо˵꣬ת5ȥ
ԽԽ˴ڳǸһϵسĴ£ÿ˵йأʱ򣬼е˶ͬʱҲǽӸѧУıб䣬ЩѧУı¿Եһ롣
Ҳ֯Ӷĸ֣ǽЩַ䵽ȥзֻܿǽֵǵȴȻ߷ΪǽһֻһλڳʮͳһϿȹȿڣռĵΣȺв


22  ޹ǣ£
֮⣬ڵо֮ǿֵӴģ
ͩѧУľۼ5򣬵ˣе꼶Ҳи꼶ġ԰༶Ϊλ֯Ÿʱ˵ĻҲһĿ
ܿ죬ͩҵļϵء
٣ǣ쿴˭ˡ
ͩ
ͩ
ͩ
ϤģϤͬѧغͩкϾͩһζܻĹھɸ೤ˡȻھЩˮݵģϾ˼֣͵޶Ϊܾ˶ȱϯ˭ҲܷͩھĺϷԣǰչġ
ͩϽվӣһУҪ𻰣̬ʮекһͩΪھΪİΣҲõѧУļνԶͩѧޱȵϲ͹еġ
Ŷõģʦͩվ˶
СӲ˹ϴżѹʵͩο浹ùȻ˼ʮѵһε޹ǣ˵ܹȫɹ𣿡
Ӧÿ԰ɣȫڣȻǾֻʮ򣬿Ӷȴ򡣡ͩһ˼һ߻شӶǲŮģ˺С⣬ŮЩټԦȱǲģ˺СҲһܹǹġȱѸռܵӭԭΪȷǲǳɱֻҪ㹻سǵʱ޵ɱǿԱ֤ġ
سǣϵ߲·ԴģҲظϵˣַǹ֮㹻޾֮󣬶˳ǽ׼ˡ
УǽһСʱѾۼ
ͬѧǣ밲У
Ȼ5Ѹٰ
˿ĹͷϻͲ˵ˣȻУͨǵİΣ·񣬸ͷս˭Ҫ͵У壬ϢУ˵ҷģǻݴҵ񣬴һЩڷ͹ǾǺڹҲޱҪģκ𣿡
ףͬӦ
ܺãһͻ·ǵĹͣ¼дáζᡣУ͸¶
꼶İʦȥˡ
Сʱ󣬸İζص˸Եİ༶ʼÿѧÿѧ
ѦӨλǵʮְֳÿѧԸҲЩ˽⣬ѧǱ˴֮ϵҲʮʱЩϵΪܵѧǱһ飬һ
ͩСͷΪһ飬ǵȻϳǽǹȥͷϮսļϰʦҲһȻǿԾܾģǿѡȥڵ
ͩ˼ˣҪˣЩ꣬´󲿷ֶûпɱ䣬οּʮѵһĴˡϳǽǹʶһ´棬ԺĳɳаȻҲпܻһЩӰ谭Ժķչʤ̭˲пᡣ
һѧУհ༶һAǹÿһǹöͼе޾䵱ҩһʳһЩõҩ
ҺãԼС̾һ˵
Ҳ˵ͷشͼе޾㹻ʮˡ
ˣ߰ɣǽȥɡͩѧУȻǹɵøһ£Լǹս˴ָС
ڸ༶ָʦĴ£ľӢС뿪˶飬ȥǽˡ
ʦ˵ʤ𣿡Щȶʮֽŵͬѧʵ
ʮ򶨵ػش޷شǣǵ˳ǽϵĵﱤ֮û뿪ﱤһֻҪǲﱤͲΣա
ͩ£˳ǽϡ
Զ˵ûзʲôϵǽ֮󣬲ŷԭǽʮֹһ͹㳡һ㣬֪ǽĺˡ沢ȫڵġһŵﱤڳǽϣÿ岽һﱤÿﱤʮ˵ʮҡ
׳۵ĲǵﱤȺ䣬ϴȺµķڷسǽȻһƬʬҷɣеֱڳǽϣѪ磬ȥʮֲֿ
һЩѧܲסĳ棬Żвѣιȥء
ͩҲ˿ڿˮⳡʵ̫ѪˣֲƬҪ£ϾֲƬٿֲҲǼٵġһгʵģһ޵սԲпս
ǸϽ19841ź19842ﱤȥ꼶еѧʦӦŵĵﱤ
˵ﱤ֮󣬲ŷﱤĽ൱زȫƵģ㹻Ұںڣ˷ҲӰﱤ赲


23  
ﱤֳ㣬ҪеķϮֻϵСʦЭ֮󣬰Աֳ֣һϵڶɱޣһϢÿСʱֻһ
ͬѧǰ˵ǶϹҪҶˣҪصһ£ʱ򣬾׼ǰװ˷Ȼڶ࣬ǹҪввں棬Ҫǰ֮߱ǰյķޣԾ׼Ǳġ
ǣ
Уǿ֪ΪηǵûѾ޴ȥ𣿳˲޶ȵ޵֮⣬оΪһʵսĻᣬǿǧҪϧᡣǰıĻǶõһʱ䳷ĳطԸ
ףӦ
ţλʦһ£ѧֳ顣
ͩһǳɵرڵһжӡ
ͩ𣿡СʱѾǿֲѪȵĳ˹ָһЩ״̬
еɣҸղŵȷһָŻУϸ룬֮սûа취Ա⣬Ǳ뷴ܲԴаɣͩ侲ػشǹĿأ׼Ҳܵǹϣһڣ׼һ׼׼׼ȷز׽һֻڼٷеޣȻ˰
ǹ΢΢һһǿҵļⲨ˳ȥ
Ⲩ׼ȷ˿һֻޣֻؿǹƿһȭͷСĶ˿ϻг£ʹȭͷС˿ɢС
ֻϮ޲ҽһ˫һ£˫ѪؿͩڵķȻͩ˹ڰ;УȴһӴļⲨУֱڿбý塣
޵ؿڡͷ˫ЧĴλرͷ߱
ϧAǹ׼ҲûAܾѻǹĿͩ̾ղŰһֻ޴ֱӽһǹAܾѻǹBǹ
СԱ߿ʮɵÿڵ˰ɣ˭ǹ˾ѻǹõġղǹ԰ֻɶ޸
ͩˣǺһЦǹеڽṹϸӾܣƼߣ󡣶Һ΢С׼ܣȶûѧͨҲʹáAǹȻ˼ȴ򷢶òǹܻܲסװʮ޾׼ʯǹĵҩףЧǧף
ǹص򣬼ֱ޵ˣǹɻ䵼Ϊǵٶûм졣Я棬ҩޣ޾ͱ׼ʯûĴ֮ǰǿѭõģ
ûа취ǿƼˮƽľ޴ˣAǹֻƷǹе֮ͼһ֣ʵֵͳɱ֮ڵײУΪͬʱ
ΨһͩЩľǣͨżƺЩͩоȵơ
ͩ˼⣬ʵûе߿ƼˮƽͨżûаɣһA͵ǹܹɨ󲿷ȽôܻûȽͨżأ
ˣ˵ˣɡһѵ˷ܵؼǹſеƶӲͣؿŰ
ͩͷСҲûٶ˵ʲôڸԵڣ׼ϵĴȺš
һʱȥˣͩԴֻޣȻǺѹѹһƬƺһҲûмٹ
ǽѾ޵ʬ壬ʱͩһɫȫеӣֳһѻɫӣǹһǹƾճһ𻷣³ǽʱޱߵĴ𣬰Сʱͽ޵ʬճɻҽ漴ʮλĸӵĻ£˳ǽʼʰ޾
Ⱥ֮кȻֳһȺֻų
һĻ
ʱܹԮĵﱤԼͬسȺչ
ķ԰ټƵķ
һ˫ֳǹһ÷㣬ǹӰ졣ֻһ˲䣬еķ޻ΪһŵĻ򣬲Һŵءʮλ޶õؼʰ޾ֱ޾ʰ֮ڳǽϼ̤
Ҫɴöֱ࣬һ
Ľ˵ǴؼʦͬѧԺҪŬ
ͩһεǱȽؼʶؼʦսˣȻֻǹпδȫ؃Ҳһֱ۵ʶˡ


24  Ⱥ
ôǲǾǱӣǹޱأЦеضڳеѧ˵ղλ׻س弶ʦŵĳƷߡǹרŵǹʦΪǹޱȣӵлۻס֮ϵļһƷףκι߳һд͸
ͩ˲һ㶣Ӵ͸ܵ߳ɹ׼ֱ̫ˡǱǹҲһԼ֮ͨȭķʽ֮پʵ̫ˡ
ȱԴﲻCܾѻǹҲﲻ֮ѹ֣ȱȡǿеĵλˡ
ѵЩǿõģͩʵ
ҿԻش㣬ҲͺŵԶУֻҪöࡣЩǮĸֶѡʦΪһ׹ͷߡֱ׵ػش
ͩ۾һף룬ѹʦĵλôߣʦʦ򱶣ʦֻʦ֮еһֽϴְҵʦΪʦġʦҪԼʵװһʦר죬һ֪ʦݵλεĸˡ
ͩ˿ѾҪΪʦ뷨һ˵ǳģһѱضʦҲעġͩزؼڲʮ겻еʱ䡣Ҫһ꣬ȶһӣ־ܹ֮ѡʮѣҲ㲻עĿ
Сʱܿ͹ȥˣһ˰ͩ滻
µһ㣬еĴ޸еʱʱشӲtڹ۲ս
ͩоΣСѵʵ
ǿ󡣡ͩȻ˷Сʵʲô
ǰǿ󣬷ǳǿ󡣡Сȭ˵ҲҪôǿ󣡡
ͩǵһС˼ᶨ˵ͩ˵ͷûж˵ʲô
ʱһһعȥˣسǼ޽ţÿʱÿ̶ǲ̶ĺëȻ
Ⱥڿʼ٣ڼǰҲһ롣
ڼ䣬׻سҲȺʬ壬޾֮ٷַȥ
ֵͩͷСȥˣЩ꣬ҲӦֳ棬ѪȳҲӦ
ͩڿ˳ȥɿ׻سϳǽϵļкˮһʧˣ
׻سóһ״Ķһ㣬һͼڰգͼһˣԼԿڷسš
׻ǿҪŲסˣѾˣǱôˡͼе˽ʵ
ôô죬߻һû׻˵
ȺˣʮǰҪʮҪĴ㡣
ðɣˣǾ쳷ڶߣСһЩ׻˵վ͹ͼ
ͩˣķСʵʲô
СһǷյͼ񣬿˵ѶƷߣֻо߲˵кܶ๦ܣֻ˵û
Ʒߣô𣿡ͩһֻ׻سϵһƷװ⻹Ʒµȵļ֮ͩĽһ顰ֻȻƷߣҲ̫˰ɣ
ôţҪүү˵ҲţһССӾȻƷߣƼж߰СҲʮֺ棬үүʱסģʶ㣬СĿȾ֮£ͩߡӡլСҪмʶöࡣ
ͩͷСţȴûִͣƶңҲò̫о
׻س漴ѶϵһߣΪϲ˵֣ʦǰߵĵһѾˣҪʦ֣ЩѲķȺ
ԣһЦӦ岻ݴǣϷǰ
һһɫս׵ߣһΪرķɵ˳ǽϡ
سˣϷˡ߿
֣ʦɡ׻ӭȥ
֣ǽϣǰһͻ³ǽȥ̧ͷȺóһһ˸ߵľ޴Բܡ
ԲܱȥƴСƬɣһ֪
ιͩ쿴سǱߣˡСеѵ
ͩ˹ȥһ棬һһλ֣óһ
ߵ˵ͷϷ׳ˡ˵հԲһס


25  
׳ԲܣһȣȥԲܶʱ忪ΪöƴƬЩƬֲȣȷɢֱ˴ϵ
ţƬΪɵ˴֮䣬˿·һ޴һ㣬ȥޱȡ
һ׵ķϮǱһ壬ʱΪɻҡȻһɴִĻʮСĻɢ;з޽һա
ѹѹգʱ֮һܹؿˡ
ͩͷСһѧĿɿڴ⣬ʲôҲδ̫˵ɣͩܵصĳ⼸췢һУȫ֪ͩҲʹͩʶ֮ľ޴
ʦСȻѧ֮Ǽʶģǲʲô֪
ǶһƷҲӽƷ˰ɣλ߾Ǳص¸صʦ֮һ֣ʦһΪ֣ʦĳȻޱȵ˵
ͩĽؿһܹ˾ıһۣ룬ߣߡЩıȣϵȱʹǺܷ㣬Ҳ̫Զˡ
ʦʹõ֮ͬУѿģرǶҪʡԡС·޼䣬ûԤ㹻ռ䡣ƺԴ˵ͦоģھ˵һ۳֣ʦе۶ܣͺǧԪң
ͩһǧԪʲôô˵ɣͩȫҵļҵһ಻һټʮԪңӡӡװȵеϡ
һƷƷߣˣʮԪԪȡսࡢͽͨ߾͹ˣԪʮԪȡһö׼ʯֵһԪңźܹʵȻ׼ʯĴžʯΪеĻǿظʹõġ򼸿ű׼ʯĻʹãʮʮء
ص۲ߣ֮ңǳԡáеĻҲǧңӱ׼ʯ̫Ļѡʹ޾ûгɱ
ǻĴһҲûϡͩС֮ң޵룬һҲҶˣ⻹õ£ãһҲûСҪǿˣûа㴢һϵ⣬Ҿͻ
֮һ仰ǧҶͩ˵һ֡
һǮһֻ۶ܵɱ¾֮£ĵͳյȺ޾ڵء
ˣ޾ռ֣ʦ׻سԸ
漴мλϰżĸ³ǽ
ˣɣϣܹȺ֣ҡҡͷܾ
׻سûж˵ʲôҲ֪Щ޾󲿷ֶǵͼ͵Ⱥ͵ͼеȵĻɫ֣һλʦϺ䵱󷨵Դ
سˣȥϢһ£ҪæʱϷ򡣡֣ջ۶ܣ¶һ˿ƣ۵ɫ
õģʦȥϢɡ׻Ҳ֪񼯻ĴΧɱ˾ҪķѵԲ֣ͣʦһͷļǼ۲Źˡ׻ЩĽؿһ۶ܣΪԳ˵ʦ۶ܣôôϲеĻǹʥ¼һҲʦ۶ܵһ밡
ȷʵ󣬵ϷʱҲǺľңϧ˲ծء֣Ц˷˰ֵϷȸˡ˵վͳûһͲӰˡ
Ⱥ֮ǿʼ߳ﱤʼǽϵʬѪ
ˣͬѧǣǵˣڣǵǷŲȼλѧУʦһ
Ҳ㲻Լͬ˿ȻЩƣۡ
оΣͩȻתͷʵ
аɣҳô󣬵ǵһμʶôĳ棬Щۡͩʵػش׻س֣ʦʵǿ
Ǻǣ֪˲࣬ȷĿ꣬ҪţԼһԾѣʲôʱ򣬶ҪӵţۺѣܷǵǰҵʦҲô˵ģҰ仰͸㡣ĳ˵ҵʮʦѧУƽȴƽһδһͬ졣
ͩζһ仰֮صص˵ͷа̾λʦȷʵһλɶõĺʦڽ̵ѧλҪϸ񣬴ӲԼպɾͣĻѵҪһ


26  δ
ڶߣʮʮϰżʦڼʮؼǿߵ£ǿصֵȺĳаʮ֮ޣҪ֪ڶԭʮıȫӶ֮ем֣һߵʮ򻤳Ǿڷ֮߱ʧСֻ֮ʣ¶ʮˡ
ǰϣʮַǳǿȺеһҲݳţǿĻʱȺѹ
٣һ˳ǰʮ㹻ͬʱҲ㹻ǿĻѾסȺн·ߡǰָӲʮؼǿһ˵Ļ㱨
ȥɣעȺĶ򡣡׵ľǾ߳٣ؾżʦ˻ֵ
ȵѶȥ
λ󷽵ϢˣȺѾˣֶ߲֪֧áϱʮࡣ
ˣǰЩΪʲô·߱ģλףǣ߿ҲزסһλӶĸ˵
ǰǰ
ιǾȻֻмޣʵ̫ˡ
ֶֺˣ䡣
½ϵ޿Էֳ𣬵ͼм߼ÿһַΪȣ͵ȡеȡߵȡûи߼ϵޣ˶Ҳ൱ϡˡ
ͼһ㣬ʤм޺͸߼ٻ֡ͼ޵ʵӦϰʦм޶ӦľǴؼʦˡԣмʮֲǡǲȺǵ쵼ߣһ㼸ʮһεĹǣҲͽֻмͷ
һȴֻмޣʵʼδһ߾Ϊؼǿûмʱм޵Ұ棬ʹ߱ʧءҪǶʦ֮Ҳ˻˶䡣
λģϢѾȥˣ׻سᰲźԮ̾
ʱһߴӴҡڵ˽˵λҸյϢʮسͬʱܵʧСҲ˲мޡµĻǱߣʮֻ߼޴Ƶм޺ĵͼްиΧסˡ
һһֳѵһ
⣬ôˣôֵôЩ޾Ͳɳֳɱ𣿡
ЩΪЩ꣬ûг׽ǣͿΪΪ𣿡
ɶ񣬿ɶ̫ɶˣӹһ٣ҵһҪЩɶȫ濪ս
ַŭмĻ˷
ˣλ԰ꡣҪɱǣ൱׵ģһλǰܹɨЩˡǣǲǾͺţһԴԴϵ޾Ϊǵ巢չǣҲǡվ˳ֹ
ڳ˶ﵽؼ֮Ҳǽмײ㣬Ǵмײ׶ˣҲͨ˸ǿҪɱЩޣֱ׾ٵġ
ԣҪǵסسǡ
ѰһȺڣԤıģʵǲռš
׻سڽӵĻر֮ʶԣһؼǿߺʮϰżǰȥԮǰߣͬʱҲæµ֯ų벽裬Ĵ㡣
Ҫ֪أؼǿߣֻˣʦֻλǰһǰ߾ռ˴ؼǿ֮ˡ
׻ҲյǱߵϢоȻҲΧˣⲻҪиƣܱƳǣʵܶҡġ´һҪȫӵİȫս֮ǰȰѺӸߡ
׻Ǽȸơ
ˣѸУУͬʱѧУѧԺѧµĺӣҲһͬŶиǼϵȥ׻ҪĴȰѺһһسȥ
δѣزסĻֻжķЩˡ󷽱Ƿ㣬̫ķˣȫǶҪҪǽҲҪӹ̳ǽǹѻǹҪسõڸҪʵҲҪ
ͩȻҵˣɻ˳ѧԺķѸټ˴ͳǱ߸ϣйԱ˳ȥ֯ŸиСĳ빤
ҶױҪǰڶ֮߱ǰһйˡѺʱֳ˿ǰŽ͸Ч


27  ߱ϣ
Ϲܿˣ׻ҲСһرסˣܹסЩǣͷҲ̫׷Ρ
ͷǰߵĵڶߣԮϵ֮ʵεס˷ߡ
׼ȻסȺ֮ем޵ĳⲢȫˡ
һǿĴΧɱѶȵǺܴ󣬵ȴΪһö׼ʯֻ75mmھڿһңҲõͼе޾ǿһڣִڵҲǿһȥԲʮ׵ķΧͼ߱
ھԽԽǿĵԽӾˡԸͼȺ75mmĿھ㹻ˣٴҲ˷ˡ
һڵڶ׼ִڣÿŴװصĶö׼ʯһ㣬Щ൱ںķҡ⻹ֻǵҩǮڱƷߣһ75mmھĴۼңžһǧ
ǹ˵㣬ЧʮֲŴһȺʧһ뷢˷Բǧ׵ޣɱʮ֮ࡣ
Ⱥڻмϣǰ˶ϲ㡣
ƾͷ˳Ǿࡢ͡ǿֻҪ㹻ľʯôؼֱ
Ŵڣϵţڵٶһһһ㲻Сڻ𲻶ϵǰţϵЧɱȺ
ڴʱȺ֮емסˣǷشȺ֮ӱҵڻķߡ
ڻЩмϣȻֻܴһڣЩ޵Ƥ̶ȣǵ
ˣˣм޳սˣǳ߳ˡָӲߵõϢ̻㱨
ߣȥǡڻɱǡһλؼʦվ
λҵõϢسתƺӺиȥУǵǼ죬Ҳ죬ǵᣬΪ࣬ΪĺǣǱҪ֣ص˵
ٷģؾǵļ԰Ϊػ԰Ҳᾡȫġһڴؼǿ߶վ
Ϊ࣬ǳһѳ󵶣һ˵
ٶؼǿߣԵĽͨߣǰ߷ȥ
ָӲ߲Զ̶Ӿ͸ϵˡ
ٶؼǿ߲Լͬ˵أ׷װս£ֲͬı
óõD;ѻǹõľѻ֣D;ѻǹŻɱһҪ׼ᣬǻǴġ
DµľѻǹԸЩ޽ˣɱм޵ߴö࣬СС˿ڣӰǵսǵһָĪġ
ϣһף󵶣ɱȻغ
һڸ֣׷óԼĿұ£Ȼм޶Էߵĳ
ڱǱߣܳڻǰк֮Ⱥ
ڱǰ幫ܿսϴؼǿм֮˺ɱں󷽵Ⱥ
Ⱥ˲أǷŭ˻ţһεس档
նŭһһӵڻӳһǿޱȵһֻме޺ͺһֻмͼޡ
ؼʦǣȻûǿΪʵҲԲӵǿ۴֮װȽװഫѧܹӳһǿս

һ
ٻ裡
ն
贺
ն
ÿؼǿ߶ԼľУЩеԴеϰģеװӳļ޹
м޹ȻǿǵǿҲȲ귢չ߿Ƽǿ󣬱ǲˡ˵ֱߵľѻָˣD;ѻǹԴ͸κм޵ķǸ߼޵ķҲƿһͺŵľѻǹǰͺţص̫󣬷ǿֻܹרҵѵľѻ֣ܿľȷȡ
ߣרҵľѻ֣ѻַˣ˵޷׷ױһǹһǹ
ռ˾ԵϷ磬ֻҪЩмޣĵͼȺͲΪˡʲôãҲǳصġ
м޵ҲǷǳֲģһֻֻ޷ˡһŴ죬ӿһιⲨ
죬ܣǳԪЩƴˡȼǿע⵽һ㣬ʱѵ
Щؼǿ߷׷׸չͨܣΪùеǿ߶ܲü֮£սµķ֡
࿪Ʒϵķս£˱Ч֮⣬֮ܡڹ޳ս·֮ǰܹ߳ȴľųɣ


28  ߱£
Ʒսڴؼǿʹ÷룬ҪʹӵԻܣƷµսֻʹһΣúҪķʱܣƷеսܹʹΣƷϵսܹʹΡ
һԪ㿪˺֮һɽϣɽͷ÷顣
ԷԪڱų֮ʣµһȻһؼʦѪˡ
ǲɷϵġؼʦȳûϰͨȻǿö࣬һˣսȻܷ߳ɡһЩҩսָܻųɡ
࿿װϲռƣռս־ԵϷ硣
սµĽУҲʼ֣װ޵еģرǵȫʹ֮󣬽Ʒսµķ޵ĳԪУҲֻɥ
ƽÿʮֻޣ߲Żһؼʦ
վսȦ֮ʦûг֣ΪҪϺģڵһߵʱҪʦֶϺ󣬿ߵ
ʦ뱣Ӧͻ״ǴӴֿǡ
мļ٣ؼǿߵҲڼСĹҲԽԽǿ
ڴʱͻȻһ춯ص޺Ⱥ󷽼Զ
ս
һپʮؼʦԼͬһ¡
ɫһ䣬ȵҶ㣬ǣǳˣͬʱڱӰڵȫȥȻѸٳسǡҲ𽥳ʵݶӵسˣ죡
λʦǸȺά˶İȫ
ʦҲ֪ԣ޺ɲһ㣬ôҲΪ
ͬʱҲսóѶϵ׻سسˣȺ֮УӦó˸߼ޣ׼ˣǱҪźýӦ
ʲô߼ޣ⣬ôܣزһͨسǣôܻи߼ҪʲôҪȫ濪սЩͲ𣿡׻سջغ
سϵɳӦֻмޣܹӦϸ߼ޣǾЩǿˡس߼DܾѻǹDʹھسڣܹƿ߼޵ķȴ޷ɱǡ˵
ⲢƷΪʹʹߵΪʵģƷ߱ڴؼʦʹ£ƷҪ򵥵ö࣬ǹ̶ġ̶߱ǿǿСС
һ͵ӣ֣е۶ܣƷϵ֮еļƷ֮һҲѷɫسǵDʹھڣı׾ɡ
׻һżò߼ʲôѾǳ˴ؼǿǿֿܹģҰ濸ϸ߼ޣؼǿҲܣƴҲͶø߼˺ۣԱ˵سǣгǽͻ󷨵ֵ
׻ϽͨѶϵ
׻سôˣһϵ˹
ˣس˸߼ޣһسǰæسǡ׻س˵̬Ⱦûа١
ʲôǱҲ˸߼ޣЩԤıˡǱ߳˼ֻ߼ޣ
һֻľͲ֪ˣ˵˼ǣ׻һе㲻Ծ
һ޵ж֯ԣΧϰٸسǽ̶ͬȵ޹ǣȫвм죬нһسи߼޲ֱ֡޸Χˣֱڵķģ±ԻԮһװº͹ǶȥԸֻ߼ޡУʱѶңһɸֹԮ˵ͽͨѶ̾κܻܿж޲ˣЩ棬겻ֻһȺܹģ
Ǻǻ𣿡׻سСĵʵϾһٱ䣬ĺá
ϳ룬ȻЩعأҲʲôˡ˵ԭûռǿȥģϲ㶩ĹأϲҪЩ̼Ŭѡ
ؼ֮Ͼռ˼飬ﵽռǿߣǿܹƾշڿУؼǿߣҪܷͨСҪǣռǿߣԪɴǧϣ
ҪȡóһȵĵλȨƣҪĻԪϣ˭Ҫ
ྭķչ߿Ƽޱǿϵޱơ߾ϵͳܹ볤ϵľ硣


29  ס
ǿĸ֣Ĵؾżȴһľڶ࣬ؼǿʮ㣬ռǿҲϰ֮ࡣвǻһǧ֮һе滹жУ滹һС滹һǿ۹۹֮ϣһ˵е쳯
ǿʢɼһˣ޲ռ½֮󣬹һȺţˡ
ȻЩţżʲôģͶ԰ʨϻʱҲһûʲô˵ģϲҲ⡣
һȺţҪ췴ˣʵ޷ԭˡΪегҲֻð淴Ӧ
ûãλ߽׵Ĵ󺺣һС͵Ĵ֡
׻سӭӵλˡ
սĸ򣿡ֱ˵ʵ
档׻سָŶ˵
װ£ߡ˵գһ˶
װû˵ʲôҲһˡ
ͩһѧĿɿڴղŵƾշеģûʹκߺͷ
ǣǲþȣλǴжռǿߣǣǵļ԰ܹסˡ׻س
һѧˣ˵ôʼ
ͩͷСˣҲɵü֣˭Ǳر簡
سˣռʲô𣿡ͩʵͩڵһľӢеľӢسľ൱ؽ
ؼ֮ϣռ׻ΪλռǿߵĵѹʱҲ˲١ɴظЩϿΰɡҶ֪һһǿӾ֮󣬾ͷΪؼռռʥ򼶡Լ񼶣
һѧǲԼͬذϸš
׻سҶˣ˵ֻҪǾߣܹɵؽؼؼĿʼؼ֮ܽԪ300400ꡣؾż֮󣬾ҪѴصΪռǿߣշУԪ10002000ꡣվż֮ҪƬصΪռǿߣܹ޾գʳԳطӵױȵԪɴ50006000ꡣվż֮ٽһʥ򼶣ܹ÷ּ֮زڻ¡һҪͷԪɴһꡣʥż֮ҪתΪ꣬ɾ׽٣ֱȫתԪɴʮꡣһǹȼ𣬻Ϊ񡣳Ϊ񣬷磬𡣡
ͩһСˣرͩӵгǻ۵ĴԽߣµˡ˺һѹʱͩΪʲôӵƾõʷˣԭ˿²ܳԪ֮֮ͩ⣬һռǿߣԪͿԱ⻪ƾʷ
һͱȵĴ½ʮ˿ڴϡ½жж٣ǿж٣ѹ֣ѹܹݵطչǿĿƼϵӵޱߵʷʵҰЩ޿Աġ
ڳеѧ޵Ұ׻ɹЩֲ˳Ŀ
װºϵǰһһ˵ֹۣΪȺ̫࣬𽥺֮С
縫װһϵĻһѾ޸һȳ⣬Ѿ޸Ͷ˳ȥ
ͷתƽǰȺУͺոһһƬһƬص¡
һһƾճ֣һȺ֮Ϊļʮֻм޿ʼһһһꪼ⴦мռǿߵǿûκλ֮ͱɱ
𣿡װһ˸ߵسΪ˰ֻ߼޸Ƴ
ڳ˵࣬ճֵˣɵһ˷ܣ˵λλռǿսǷ
ԭ𲽳˵סţʼչƷˡ
ڱϣڱ˶󷽣˵ûκεʧʱʱҪͣûڻһڱǷ׷״ӽָȡڣµı׼ʯ
ڣ뷢ɱͼޡ
ϰսʿҲ׷ҵƵΣ˾룬ɨȺ
һ̣ʿһġ˲ʹƣ˶֪λռǿߵĳ֣սƾͷ˸Եת䣬һ̣˶ţأǵļ԰סˡ
һɣ˶ȴѪڣţɱ


30  ս߼
Ⱥеĸ߼ڳˣһֻߴʮ׵ľޣӴ˻ţţӴȻ𣬳װº
ûдһֻߴʮףشٶֵľ޾Ȼڿշûг򣬲ǷޣȻˣͨ˿ֱǲ˼顣
˶һۣ˵Ǹ߼ޣԭޡ
װһĨһűʯһ⣬װº˰Χâ󣬶˸һɫף˵·˹ؽڣȫʽսףöԶսһ䡣
һУջ˸ԵıκкĬͬʱԭ޹ȥ
𡪡ԭ޴һţֲ֡
װºʱסΣûб븹С
Сġ
ãǿڣ
Բʮ׵Ŀԭһӳգֲûκζˣȴ˶˵ж
໡ԭ˲һţ·ڵһ㡣
˿սܣֱַΧסˣռǿߣװһ㶼ƷսףܱƷҪЧö࣬Ҳߵöࡣ
Ȼԭ޵ĿûгƷս׵ķޡ
װºһ˰ףûܵʲô˺
աװºȻûˣǸղĺΣգûпУҲˡ
ϣڻˡеһӣꪹ漴ȥ
װ¸ͷһһӰգصؿԭԴϡ
ġԭޱꪹУֱӰУԴһ˺ۡѪֱ磬ȥܲңʵϣ˺۸ӴЩ˺۸㲻ʲô
׼ᣬװֽͷһУ縫һ縫֮ǰĻҪ죬ǿ
ڽˣһꪴ̳һȣ죡һꪴԭƵķشڡף˽ȥҲ
볤֮У͵ֱ͸ԭڣƻǡ
Ƥ֮ˣ¿һʮ˺ۣԭ˵ëë꣬Ȼ
սſʼûжãԵ쳣ҡԭ޶ͷ˺۾ȻѾʼָĻָκ˿˶Ľǵ˵ĻͲôˡ
СӶ㣬ӰвУװõĸͷơɱˡҰʽĹԭӴ󣬷ͻָ˵ĸ߼ޣװµĹʵֻǣƵá
Ĺԭ޸д͸ɱԡ
ԭŭһŹĶӴ͵ر
ģϽˣˡװ±ԭһײǱޱȵرײˣ嶼ھҵʹɢܣҺս˴󲿷ֳ
أΪøԭ޷ȫһײ˱Ѫڸܴ߹ǿ
һҩȶڸƣתȫǰĹ۸һ
ʱװһ˶ŷԭޣԽԽԽԽǱսѾѺۣɼԭ޵ĹжôĿˡ
ιƣûϽæɵҿŲסˡװ´е
վעꪣһ˵ˣ˰ɣҵı̣
׵ƿԭ޵ۼƤ⣬ԭڣԭ޵һ
໡໡໡ԭĽվضԶԶ޺𣬴Ӻ֮оܹеҡ
ԽԽ̴٣ԽԽͳԭ޵ӿ¡
䡱һ˵ϣһƬͼޣʱѪɺӡ
У㻹Ǳδϣһװ˿̾
ԭạ̊́ǳԭ޵ȥģǿĴ͸ֱӻԭ޵࣬ǿ߼ޣһܹ
ߣʲôһûнΪ޵ṹĽ̿һ㶼ϸļءܺޣֻҪࡢԴƻͱɡֻȷ׼λѣҪһǲ޳ƶҪԭӴ󣬿ҪٶȾԲҪ£һҪǲܵġ
װ²ŻӲԭ޸׼ᡣ
߰ɣʣµȺҲûˡһꪻ˵ȻΧţǳڵĸֶһգҲܱƣΪֻУ滹жУһУԼ۶ʱɳǿĸسǣ˴ֻҪкһбҪ񼶱ǿ߶


31  ս
ȵȣû޾߼޵޾ɲܴװ˵ʼԭ޽нʣһ߽һ˵ˣһǳôĸ߼ޣҪʲô
ǻòͷˡм˵ʵжǿɲݣһţȺҲ뷴
ǱȻĿĲŻǧҲûбֹģȺˡװͷҲصط
˵еǧǰƺҲͬһģޱ˲سǣɱ˲ٵͲˣҰ⻹вسż侲ػشһƺΪ˵ػ꾧ѵػ꾧ֳˣ
װһʱػ꾧Ƿ½ز֮һ˾ʯĲʱ䲻꣬ص㲻Կ϶ǣĳֱȻᱻ½ԭס񡪡ޣһʱ֪ȳֵػ꾧˵ЩͻƵıƷػ꾧˵ͬþһǿվż֮ʱʹõػ꾧ԽͻƼϡ
Сɵļʣ֪վżĸԸҵȥɵͻƼʣõĻԴﵽɵļʡ
ܹΪվżĸ֣һǾžޣһŹ˵ʣˣͻʥ򼶵ļҲɡػ꾧ɵɵļʣβ˷
ĺҲɵÿʼ
˰ɣ֪ػ꾧ΣΪģԲʮķΧڣ޹ôҼʮػ꾧ʵ̫ˡ˵Щڳ˵ػ꾧ޱı϶жƲ漴侲̾һ
Ҳԣռݷ½ǧػ꾧֪ʮˣеĻһ룬඼ǴģԼڵĿܡװգҲȴΧ̫һ˲ܰôһطɣ
߼޺мȫɱʣµĵͼ޸òװºռǿ߳ˡ
صһȺؼʦֽȺ֮еľ֮ʣµȺֵסĿֲڡǹȵˣûκκ֮ǵ£йǵĻ

ⳡ֮սĻ
׻سڳ¥ʤϢʱе˶ڻף
ûԸⱳ磬ûԸʧȥ԰ûϲⳡսʤʹƽʮá
صս½ˣطڼ߲õϢܿȷ˵ػ꾧Ϣ߲ɳ˸֣ⳡԭԵȡս߲֮޵ıܿͱѹȥռĸֶƫƧĳУɱŸ߼ϵޣҪеõػ꾧
һȺǧľӢźܿͻᱻЩ۵ռǿǸɱһա
ⳡɱµسǣӦܹƽˡϾѸ߼ͶɱһյĻܳʱӦöи߼ܹ֯ģĹǣͨмȺǣس˵سǱķϵͳܹӦͺһΣûи߼޲ֵĻٶؼʦҲֻܹЩѡ
ʵϣֻҪм޵ϲռݾԵϷ磬ôسǵİȫͲ¡
سʤʼ֯ɨսһЩûб޳Եʬ壬ͳһᡣ
ڻռִҰ⣬ɨ޵ʱ䣬سҲָƽʧжж٣Щ֪ͩġ
ͩ˿Ѿص˼ңĸҲȫػص˼ңһӴԲȻĸһЩˣ׼õĸƷҩľ֮£ûΣգֻҪһʱָܻ
ٺͩһָֻƽҸѧУûпѧͩҪѧһֱڼ̫˽֮ͩ浽ΰߵΣǿСϰءաաʥ򡢰߸ͩļϰûţʶصĹʶԼСͩڳѹͶ
سսһˣѾָյķ٣ֻϻЩͳ
磬ͨص˼ҡ
ţӣһˡͨЬţ߽˿
֣㲻ȥμѵɥôͻˣֵͩʵ
ѾˣѵҪҪ˼Է𣿡ͨʮֳء
˳˵Ԭôȥˣʵ벻֪ɩӺͺӽô찡
Ѿ·˲ԺܼͶһ°ɡͨ̾
Һһ٣ǵоյعˡͬп̾
һ˭û˵ѵõĺƽ


32  Ӧ
ֹ˼죬ͩӸϢһޱسûסȫǱݣ˲ءسǵȺͱϳ˳ǣһƬ̯ӡ֮£صʮ˵ˡ
ʱͩ˴ڼȭ֮⣬ʱŸӶܣ˶ӣϢͨʲôϢС
ڵػ꾧ϢҲͬ˳Ӷľ޴Ļϣһ߹ҵľ󹺵ػ꾧ǮʮԼӶṱ׻һڣ
Ȳ˵ʮҵۣ˵⹱׻־ǼΪѵõģһڻ֣Կ϶㽫ΪĺԱԴӹڲһطͱ
˵ϢһתسӶˡȻǶԵػ꾧ʶ࣬ĻѾʾκ
ֻҪܹҵһҹΪĳԱӶӻ˻еҪۺ죬Ҳֻ룬ԲжΪӶ֯ʵ̫Ӵһ鲼½Ӵ֯½ûκܹ֮ƽˡ
ԣԵֻҪã񣬾Ϳ԰ĵʮҵ͡
ػ꾧ͩӼҲɵĶ
֣ػ꾧ʲôãͩʵ
Ҳ֪ͨʮֹػشϸһ۵ػ꾧Ľܣû˵;ǽһҵ˱ܼ򵥣ڣ
ߣǻؼңڵػ꾧ȥͨȻҲס
Ҳȣֻڵǹ·Ա˼е̺ʽѲ顣
լԼЩռǿҲעӰ첻ǣӶŻֵػ꾧
ͨڣ֪ػ꾧ı֮ػ꾧˵ãȡʮҺһڻֱ֣ǳֵǸȡˡ
ͨصҵĵһ£ȥԺأһһ˵ػ꾧
ͩȻҲ׳Ƶأŷҡ
ɶҲûҵͨڷˣɵ̾ȻûǸ
̬ͩͱȽϺˣֵΪǰƱһϾǴˮƯšÿƱûûʧԣò˼ξ͵ಡҽԺ
ͩѼĵظŪƽĵڶ죬СһѲӣһĦ˹
ͩڲڣСͩſڴ
ɶ£ͩӺԺֱӷǽʵ
Ͻģʰǵڵػ꾧ȥСк
һܶ˰ɣͩȷʵЩĶʰһ£һùһñСָϵĴָҲû¡
ͩ˷СĦУǼ۶ȥ
ˣ֪ػ꾧Ǹʲôõ𣿡ͩڳʵ
֪˵ػ꾧ʮ˴½ϡ֮һСҡͷش
ͩ̾ϧ鵽ʱ٣˵ö԰ԱȴʶֵǼʶ֪ʶϵľ޴ˡ
ǣŷ֣ˣҶΪꡣ
ôûдˣͩʵ
Удһͨ棬˶ȥˣǾøġС˵
Ǵʲôطڣͩʵ
֪ҸطɣⶫҪġС̬ŵúܺá
ͩһŶָһ㣬ڱǰϰʮ÷֮󣬷·ʲôڵƵģܶණ㲻ˣֻԼļײˡ˻ˣС
ȥǱ߰ɡָͩűһ͹أ̧˹ȥ
СûʲôĦս˴ָУ˹ȥЩڶǣŴָ˭ɵڵ˶ҲôҡУԴָʮֱҪĵߡ
ͩͷС˹ȥСҪڡڴʱһҲ˹Ϊ׵һʮ꣬ʮСӣøˣȥȥ
ͩͷСһۡ
ôҪҪֽѵһǣһҲʶӦûʲôСʵ
ˣĴǲǶ֣úǰͩ˵
С̧ͷشðɣߡ
һҲûΪѶˣ͵ؿʼ
ͩŷСȥ
Ȼ֮䣬ʶ֮еͭǮһ£ͩҲŸӦһ
ͩɫظһСأһʯͷǰ
СǰʯЩǿʵͩǲЩֺðҪǽǶ⣬￪ڣ˵ʯͷ


33  ˣϣ
ǵʯͷϷڰͩԷС˵ʯͷţǾڵʲôҲᱻ֡
˵ãڵ˶ô֣Сʵ
Ҳԣֵˡɣǰѡ֣˭ѡĵأڵĶͶһ˭ͩ˼һ»ش˵ѡĵطڵҵģĳġô𣿡
ܹƽͰַʽֳɣС˵ͷһֲ㣬˫˵ܹƽֲꡣİֳɵĻǾ̫ռԷˡ
ãǿڰɡͩ˵ͷһڵʲôǧҪ侲˭ڵһʱŽָУҪš
ӴǣͩСƽʱĬԺһƺ«벻ȴɧСʮ⣬Ц
ٷϻҲ㣬ҵգҳ֮ǰԤУҪƣͩٵĵ٩
Сÿɷؿʼڵء
ǷΧһǰسսȫǵһƼڴˣ֪ǵķΧж⻹ֻǶ
ΪҰȺв磬۾ƶȲԴΪԼ廯ĴسΪһص˿ҲİҡΪ½عϡԼسǣռҲǻΪɹ۵ġ
żٵ궼ڱֲڶĸĻڵѧԵ÷ǳϡˡ
ͩͷСһֱ׵ĴӡһֱȻûջʵϣäĿʵЩףΪʮҺһڻ֣ڵҲûʲô˵ġ
ͩǻҪҪҪطڣС£ΪƵʵ
ڣ˶ĿӣͩʵͩĸӦԽԽԣµòӦͭǮǿԤС
˰Сʱڣͩڵ˾ʯ·ĵطڳһƯľʯ
С쿴⡭ͩΪرľʯԺеĿԽԽͩһ˲ˣԭͭǮҪ龧ʯ
ˣǷˡСޱȵؽе
ͩѸٵذѵػ꾧һĶ˵С㣬ڸô죿ȥܻᵼ֣֮ͩҪȷСö࣬ͻľ޴ƸʱԵҪ侲öࡣ
ꡪСѸסͣǿѹ¼飬˵ػ꾧ֵǣڻȥѶӶᣬȡӶıӻȫҶΣաҶԷʵǴڵģǸλش𣿡
ʵشǣ˵˿طһھڵˡߣǸϽȥͩϸоһ£֮ǰָӦûˡ
СĶѲպ֮һ˵棬ó˷ĦУͩű濪ȥ
ͩϻȥĸȦٻȥȽϺáС˵ҪҪϴˣ
ҾòҪǻǾⶫֱȽϺã˿»ҹζࡣͩ
Сͷʾͬޱȼ˵ǷˣʮңڣڣҲһˡ
ţȷʵһڵӶ֡˵ЩּΪ󡣡ͩڻش
ǵģӶһ鲼½ǿֻ֯Ҫ㹻࣬ͿԱ빫ᣬΪӶһӡЩݸˣֻҪӶڲȻᱻɵϵһ˵Ӷӵ˹ѵļСޱĽ˵
˹ѣͩǵһ˵ྐྵȻļ
ǵģ˹Ѳܣ۹ӵǿӶǷ½ĳ֮һȻҲļСػشǰ붼˹ѣΪ˹ѵĴ̫󣬲Ĳݸܹеġ
ã˹ѣˡͩһһ޴ҰģǾȡĸṩ˹ѵĻᡣ
СʱĦͣӶǰ˲˽ȥ
סһǽʱҪٵ£̫ҡˡͩĵ˵
ˡС˵źͩһ˹̨СԹ̨ĵ˵һʲôλ꺺ϸشһ¶ˣ˶¥˺һŴ¥С˵λ¥롣
ͩͷС˶¥¥кܶӴңʱӶĸ᳤ؼʦžһĵĹӴ
λС˵ҪҪȵʲôϣЦе˵һҲûС


34  ˣ£
ˣ᳤СЩнػش
ˣλСʲôҪ£ſʵпգ˵Ҳʮꡣ
ͩӽָȡػ꾧˵Ϊ
ſ˶ȵվ漴Ӧ¶еЦݣкλСǺ踣찡
᳤ǶûӶݣ֪ɲԡС˼˵
û⣬ȻǶ˵һЩûйϵܹǰ֤Уǽſʼ䷿һһϵͳķ¼֮£ͬ䵽ܲ壬Ǵӽ̸׽ڼ䣬ļأǶλԷĽ׵Ĺƽԡҽ֮Ϊδ꣬Ƕ˵ϢҲܵߵȼıܣֱǳ֮ܵȼŻ½ŻӲٴҲرЭ͸¶κεĽݡ⻰ĻĴһչػ꾧Ȼְ˵ˣδֻ꣬ҪԻлĵġ
˵ձ߳˹ңȥӶʸ
̫ȽˣȻϵͳķ壿С̾
ô֪ͩʵ
ǵȻ˵ϵͳǾƷ߼Ƴܹܹͨͨڴ½һͷͬһͷ顣񲻵Ĺܣΰķ֮һСشеһϵͳķ塣
ͩһо̾ĿƼˮƽȻͬһ㣬ȻϵͳġܵԡҲУͩɵö߿ƼӸȤˡ
ȻνΪ飬ϸ룬鱾Ǻһ̬֮ΪΪ
ϴ˵ֻϵ۲Ѿϵ۲ġ棬ʵⲢѣ˶Ϊµġϵۡ
˴ʮӣһ˽ϣӣȡһ׻ſƬ
ÿڳ֮ᷢһ֤֤п￨Ӷ֤ȹܡǻ֤䡣⣬ͨϲΪǶ˰֤ǵѪС֤ʼӲƷߣ֤쳯ͳһŸ½κηãһ󲿷ֶƷߣĻҪɾҪǮˡǷˣֻҪƷߣˣ棬һ㲻ܵġƷߣ̬仯ǿɻͽָϣҲܱڲϡ
ͩͷСˣָ⣬һѪ
Ʒ֮󣬷һȷϣͨϵͳ¼ϣʹá
ͩͷСˣҲͬʱõƷ߱ѶϢͬƷһѪĸо
ѶϢ֮У¼˶˵䡢ݡԱְҵغ֤롣ţϢʾдΪ100.00ңǿõġӶݣһӶΪ㡣ƬҲʾ˵ò
ˣڿʼסʮҺһӶ֣Ǵô֣ʵ
ġСش
õģˣڽػ꾧ҡ˵
ͩѵػ꾧˹ȥʱ򣬸ûбҪС˼ҪĻˡ
ŲŽӹȡһİĻʼ֤һ¶Ц˵֤ȷʵǵػ꾧ϲǣڰѿңΪǽҺͻִ뿨С
ŴӶнӹƬ֮ȡһ״
ſֱУʼϢ
ӺŽеĿƬ˷СͩǿԲ鿴һ£ûĻݽ׺ͬǩ֣һн׾ʹˡȡһźͬݺܼ򵥣Ƕڽ׵ܽᡣ
ͩͷСõƬһϢʶ֮СдȻˣͩʮԪҡӶݱΪ˼Ӷǧ
Ӷ㷨ʵܼ򵥣һӶӶǴ㿪ʼ10־ͳ˶Ӷһٻ־һǧļһ弶ʮ߼ǧ˼һھǾż
С˵òңôô찡Ҹ̫ͻȻˡ
ͩҲʮּңʲȥʵ̫ӴˣЩǮԼǿ֮·ߵø죬ٲΪԴǡ
ʵϣңȵռǿߵˡػ꾧Ǹվżǿͻʥ򼶱õĵرֵԲֻʮҡʵֵԳԽְٱϡ


35  ΪӶΧԱ
ҪһӶȼҪԡǰӶӶǴ߼ӶʼͿӶΧԱﵽһڻ֮ľżӶͿԱɽӶڲΪӶʽԱرûκˣӶԸɵ˲šҪѯʵǣԸԸΪӶΧԱ
ʳΪΧԱʲôôҪʲôΣͩ侲ʵ
ΪӶΧԱǾȻҪάӶ棬˺Ӷ顣ҳΪΧԱ֮ȻͲܼӶһ׳ԱǨƶȡ˵ҵȳΪӶΧԱ֮󣬽ڲôЩ꣬λӶطֻĸ᳤ſ˵ΪΧԱܵӶıӻܴӶڲֺͨҶһ߼ҩƷԼĵرϲ㲻ǿȥһЩǲϲ飬һԸ
ͩͷССš
ΪӶĳԱ𣿡ͩʵ
أСʵ
ҵǾҪĳĻȻǳãΪЩӴԴڶ࣬ܶҲǮҲ򲻵ĺöͨЩڲŪԺ˵ǰһġͩԣԸ롣
ãһ롣СҲŹᣬϾݸײǣӶɵԸ֮⣬Ժˡ
ҲΪʲôݸײߣԸΪӶԽƣһ
᳤ԸӶᣬΪΧԱͩͷСӦ
ܺãΪ׼ӶΧԱƣΪֻΧԱƱֻݼܣͨӹڲ֮лöһʸһ죬ǳΪʽԱǾͿԵõһ湫ᷢŵѶݵ֤ܹӹṫ磬ѯⷢϢܣ๦ܡЦе˵ţͩͷС˵Ѫ֤ơ
ˣλСѣԺǾԼˣҪû£Ҿ뿪ˡ΢Ц˵
ͩͷСڵĽϢƵá
᳤ʮֺ棬ܹ֪ػ꾧𣿡ͩʵ
Ҳ޷ػ꾧Ƿ½ز֮һȹŷͬһЧҪþǸվżǿ߽ʥǿߡ֪ˣҪȥŴ󷽵˵ΪֻǺ棬ܲػ꾧ġػ꾧˵ûһá
ԭˣֲôءС̾
ͩȴһȴһȻӣʵô˹Ҫʲô𣿡
ô˹ѣҲ޷ӶʽԱܹҺͶʮڻ־ܹһһ˹ѡܹΪӶʽԱģ˳ΪżӶ֮⣬ΧԱֻҪѾܹΪӶʽԱ٩٩̸̫ˣȰǻǲҪˡ
ͩͷСһۣһȵӣͩǾ˹ѵĴ̫ˣҺͶʮڻ֣˵Լҵļ廷ˣǵһʵļͥе
ڻ̫ˣҲûоѣȰҪ򣬾һЩʵõĶ˵Ʒϵȵķս£DǹеƷҩȵȡƷƷװòˣҪʹá˵ţӽָóһ嵥˶˵в򲻵ĺöҪҪһݣ
ͩͷСӹһƣüһ嵥棬űдŲٶͩͷСȨޣԹƷ鵤ƷװDͺŸǹе
Ҫ֪أܹƷװƷҩCͺŵǹеѾѵõˣû·û㹻ļǮ򲻵
ͩľͿʼ˴ѡƷƷƷҩ鵤ͩصػһһ֧ԪҩǸ֮󣬻ָԪõƷҩҩҩ֮ķúעƷرҩƷû̫ϸʹơȻˣеĸ߼ҩͼʦҲбΣա
ͩɹһľ޿ֻ˶ʮ˶ʮű׼ʯϾ൱ͩǰȫҵļҵˡСӱţһӾͻһǧ򣡴ڼסսµͨ߸ȫˡ
ɫ߳Ӷᣬ뿪֮ʱͩǿˣҪԴ±ܡ֮󣬶ϸԵķĦУظˡ


36  һŵػ꾧
ͩڻؼҵ·Ҳ˼ҪҪѴ˵ĸ֪ȥסģͩǾ˵˵ԼͷСá
ص֮ɿĸҲųϻ
֣裬ôŻֵͩʵһĸ׶ڴڼ׼
Ǻǣڵػ꾧ȥˣˣȥˣףµİͨ鲻˵
֣廹ûиԭͲҪˡͩԹ⳵ٸǽ͡˵꣬ѳָǷ㣬ͩеöӶһöƷϵȴ䣬ռȼһҪһ
صһأһڷǰɫؿͩڵ˵ɣô¡
ġͩһֻͣǰԼôֵػ꾧Լ÷ˡ
ͨˣɵô󾪣ŴϲȻΪš
裬û°ɣͩĵʵ
û£С̫çײһЩͨ˵ûдΪΧԱȷڶ̰֮˼ɻ䲻Ҷ֣ͬΪӶΧԱأҪ֪ӶӴΧԱԼֻӵӶΧԱʸľͲڼʮˡЩ˸ϰǿ֮еǿߣÿ˱ЩֶκǡҪֶԸ㣬Ӷǲܵġ
ͩһʱЩɵˣȻԼ׵͵˵ĵͬʱҲƥ˼ɻǾǳûпȫְ֡˵ûͬʱΧԱӶԲƫ̹һʱҸҲҲ˵ˡ˵ˣ磬˵ģǴġ
绹йģس棬˭£ǿؼǿߣռǿߣڳ湫ڵطҹȻΥءΪľ۾֮غ͹ڵط˴ɱɱĵĻȾͻڲ߲зǳϸĹ涨ִأκ˲׼ڳʹˡ
Ҳ̫ģϢй¶Ҳܿ죬ֻҪǣ˭û취ͨǺܾ飬ȫҲ׼ˣᵽȥܱܷͷƽϢ֮ٻ߸ɴסеˡңһӿײķˡ
ͩ˵˵ͷش֣ɡ˵ţóԪҩݸ˸׵֣ǲԪҩ֮󣬿ԽĵԪ
ͩӹҩ˵ͷԣ涮¡
ˣǳԷЩǴõĲ͹ݴϲԵĲˡѷʰһ£һӺͺسԷ
ʱ֣ͩԼһ÷Ȼڱ߻ջͩɵһ⣬Լ÷ǰһ㣬ܹﲻ㡣ҲΪⲿ͹أҲΪԼĵ̫ͣʵ̫ܹĶǳģ߸ɴʲô㲻
ͩһ£ػ꾧ԼһǳҪʶеͭǮӦҲǿҡ
죬һŵػ꾧ԭͩ뷨ǲύȥģΪСһڳģû취ֻнȥˡ
û뵽ⱱ߾Ȼеػ꾧
ͩǲŹģʱɫҲûе˯ʱͩһ£ơ
ͩҲûдʲôкͳţϳֱߡ
ʱ֣ڳȻʮ֣ƻͨ޹֮ǰ塣
֮ŰȻв꣬ŵءһ·ͩ˲ڼٴͶͬǡ
ֱͩȥڸת˰СʱʶͭǮ˷Ӧͩﲻһ󼤶ػ꾧֮ͩѾ֪ˣˣڶβ˼
ͩ񣬰ѳٷظͭǮָһӶԲʮڶûˣǰӶġȥӦǰڹ֮ĵطͩЩ⣬
˳ͩѳһգóӣȥ
ͩʼڣһСʱ׶࣬ڵ˶ͩһʱѶս˴ָаӶԭûи棬ֻҪȥʮҼһڻְνġʱУʱĪǿ󡱰ɡ
ͩӿ˳ʰһ£תϳͻȥˡͩȻ÷һ㣬һ£Ƿˣ鿴ȥıˣʵһСľͻɱ֮


37  
ͩ޾յػص˼ңĸûжʲô˷ȥǺ¡
ͩصԼķ䣬ó˵ػ꾧ϵ壬̾ǸվżǿͻƳʥǿõıﰡյʥ򣬳ʵΪĸ֮⣬ԵĺôԪӡռֻܻ50006000꣬ʥǿȴܴݵػһ֮ã
һֲܿݣһ굽ʲô˴ӿʮһͣҲһ겻ɣôãֱϹˡ
һЩԪռǿߣػ꾧ֱԻЩ˷裬ҵҪõ
ͩһһȥĻԿ϶ͩǱǱɰֱƬˡߵĿԸߣΪ̫ͩСˡ
ٰͩػ꾧óȥˣɴͭǮһ˼գ
ͭǮʶֱ֮˳عػ꾧ΪһӨͩʶһǿػ꾧ͱմ
һͭǮ˻ͭǮĵڶǳӡۿʼָͩ˯˹ȥ
һͩȻо粻һˣӦ˵ûб仯ͩȴ˾˵ı仯ֻͩö壬Ŀо
⣬ô¡ͩʵҲ²⵽϶ͭǮջ꾧йء
ˣϲ㣬ѾۡһɬСŶȷе˵ͩԺ
ʲʲôˣʲô˵ͩһ
ˣ鱦飬մĳ˯ѡʶУֱͨʶ˼ͨԡֻҪź˵ȻĬҹͨش
ꣿͩʵ
ֲǣ䱦鱦飬ꡢ桢Բǽҵķʶ顣˺δ֮ǰϵĴԴɵ鱦ǽǮ״ΪԻ䱦Ǯ֮ս֮Уսұ÷˯ֻĵʶԴպѰ˯ǮѵһɲǣҲ֪޾ֻ֮УֻöǮһֱδһֱûѹ䱦ڻش
ͩһһ㶵ģʵ̫ˣöͭǮԼһͼ˯ɫͭǮ̫ˡ
䱦һͣͩףԭԼڵĵԼϵڵǵʹԪĵγ棬ǮһֱûԼһɲǣǮڲȵڵγȵ磬ΪѰ䱦Ǯ塣ŽԼŴԽ˷½
ԭǱǮѹҲͩΪﵽռܹԼﵽѹĽ
ǣһöػ꾧ʹǰѹͩ˵ϵڱĴ¡
ţ絹ʮʺǮСҪóһЩʯŶӦǱ׼ʯ޸ڶѷ졣䱦
ͩɲǰһͩҷ񣬺ɵó˼ű׼ʯ
ͭǮһӣöʯ֮еӴͱա

ͩóŸͭǮ˰ӣųܹõʮţһӾͰı׼ʯȥһ롣
ͭǮڶѺ޸۹ܣӵпЧֱܹ۵ؿطݻ˻ûѷʱӡʹá䱦
ͩһƣʵа취ҾѣҾ̫ȷ˹̫󡣡
ҷϣ𣬵˵;ͬ顣ݸжϣõ֮ĲִУȻϪչ̶һ޷ЩνԿɱ֮Եĺۼѡءաաʥ򡢰൱߾֮еģѷᵤԪӤ񡢺塢ɡ䱦˵ţһ¼˵Ȼڲ׹ȼ𻯳к֮ھ̫ġ
ͩԭϴ˵ʵڵģĿɡֻ֮ѾţԼڵ˵֮һ
ϵȻϵͳҴ߿˵̫Ǹʱ֮ʥռ磬ѷɶмΪϵͳ֮رѷһʮ֮Ҳܹѷһס˲ٵķˣֻ֮һ̫ˡ䱦


38  Ԫ屦
ͩһǮָ֮ʱͨʶͩһЩ֪ʶ֪ͩѷ壬ȴûеõѷľֻ֪֮ѷԭ䱦ԼԶ֮Ȼоķʴﵽ˶֮һڵ֮һľʣֱǿûˡһԿԶ֮ǿ֮Գڵϡ
ûдڵȻҲ˹ѣԱ֤ٷ֮ٵľѣǳɱ̫ߣûռĿԡѣǺķѵԴ̫࣬ɱӴǱδ֪Ӱ졣
֮Ǵ˵ıݴγϵͳ֮ѷûһ˿á
֮ңͩŵʵ
еģҵǰ˳ʥ£СԪ屦䡷޳ֳֻأ⣬Сѧ䱦Կɴ㣬ֻǷᴫҪӦ˷ᴫϰ˷Ӵ֮˱µӣ½ɣѷýύаΪ£ɵߣô䡣˿Ը⣿
ͩϸһ£϶ӦԸ⣡ͩհʥ£Ը½ɣѷýύаΪ£ɵߣô䡣Υú
ܷ䱦˵գͩ澭
֮ϵ컯֮֮֮Ԫ֮֮ɡͩԺ֮ӡµľģƪǡԪ屦䡷ܸ٣֡ɼ
ͩȷ˽ȫ֮Ȼ򣬵ȴһ󼤶˷ܡ
ͩŵؿһ£Ȼ֮δ򣬵֮УһǴܸټ֮¼ϰ֮ɳɴʥֱﱾԴڶַ֮֮ϸѧ㣬ޱߡϰ֮Ҳɳɴʥ;ͬ顣Ȼǡ񡷣д˵е֮Լ֮ڵһλȻ̲ϷҪ˷ߣׯ֮չĵأǧٽ٣˰ٽΰ˰ٽٴȻٰۣ˰ٽپǣ˰ٽ֤ɹλ󡣴巽ھ󣬼ĽǬɷ쳬֤Ե񣬴硣ʮ֣дϲᣬ޼磬մʤ޲ʾ
Ĳǰ֮Ƿ̫ˣܹ˻ǣΪ񣬰ĲƣΨһ˵ĵطҪڷ֮
֪ͩˣԭɲɵյ㣬ɵһʼɷֹλλλλ
̲ϷĻǣֱڷ֮ǧٽ٣ɹĻǽλʴ۵λϡ
ͩɵ˷ܵòԼܹƳɷ񣬷ַǧ񣬵ʱȵԺгɣԳһ壬ӵǧλ֮񣬵ʱҲͥԳһ
˵ЩʵԼ˵Щ̫ˡ
ûзҲܹ巽ۡĴ˲ɷȵλ֮
ͩһ۾ʹϵλ֮ʵЩӵ˵ʴ۵֮гɣֱɹλȷʵʡĵĽݾǴһҲͿڽɹλ棬Զٽˣҷһ˻Ʒ˵ˣ⡶̲Ϸ֮ǿǻۿܡЩźͷλʥֱǿ޷ݡ
ͩ뵽µĽɣɵЩЩŴȥ㲻Ϊ
ͩķ䱦һ䡣
㣬ЩŶ֮һÿһŶóʦЩţԭǸ£ʧ߸Բһ˵õͬһַһ˶£ÿ˵ʡԵԡȵȲɵĽ䱦͵Ƿᴫ㻹ûдʸ񡣡
ͩһ룬ԭ񲢷Լôаԭʥִȱ֮ģƷ񣬴ЩλšΪ˸µһ·Ļɻһҡ
֪ͩйϣԸһһӡѷᵤԪӤ񡢺塢ɵȥ»ǧ꣬ǧ࣬Ҳȥѡһ졣ЩŵǿԿˡ


39  ѧ
ͩ˵˭֪Щڷ񣿶Щŵǿǲö˵ģ˵̲Ϸǧٽ٣Ϲʮǧꡣʱ䳤ʵ϶Щڰ񼶱޷ͻƵİ˵ķžǳջ⻹ѵģ򵥵أ
ȻͩҲֻѡ
ͩƽԼ֮󣬾͵Ժ̫ȭʮҵӣӶȥˡ
ͩ·ҵš
᳤Щģ֪ͩϵ¥Ĺк˵
ʲôϹЦݣͩĵػ꾧ȥ֮ȻܽͣǳãͩУǵػ꾧ԭ򣬻Ϊŵıͩ࣬ǲݸͩӶΧԱԼˡ
ٿű׼ʯԼѧϵ鼮ܹ򵽵鼮ҶҪҪһЩӿҩԪѪ˵ҩȫҪ߼ɫҪָ豸ҲҪˡͩûп˵
ôࣿЩ⣬Ȼ࣬ΥƷͩȨ޷ΧȫƷ
ѧ£ͻȻ˲ƣȻҪЩǮúõػȥԼʵͩʵػشԴԴϵغԴΪĽٶƣŲ˻ɡΪҪʽˣ̫ͨȭӵ˼ϰ弶ﵽϰˡˡ¼ܹܿͨѷˡ
û⣬ͽȥΪ׼ʡ˵գ߳˹ң׼ȥˡ
˺һŴһָ˽ӻóһ嵥ݸͩ嵥ԶԿ
ͩӹ嵥ص鿴һ鼮Ŀʷ鼮Ӷ࣬һЩѧ飬ѧؼҲУһЩģһǧ౾
ͩ嵥ԼǱߵĹѲҪ鶼ȥֻʣʮ飬ԭ飬֮ࡣ
᳤⣬Ҳ̫ͩҡҡͷ˵ҵĴû˵Щ߼һЩ𣿱˵ߵƺͲѧ֮飿
Բ𣬲ЩֻйʽԱ򵽣߼һЩѧ鼮Сȥƣ嵥ҡҡͷشߵֻ֮ееĸߵѧԺѧ㲻ˣҪʮǰѵľ߲ʸѧʮľ߿ԽѧЩѧؼ߱ʮңıƣʮңʮѩ׵һٶʮҡЩؼ֮󣬳ֱϵԱ⣬κ˶ôڣԸ
ͩһ£˵ͷûнԴ֮鼮أֻǺ棬Ҫ˽һ¡Ҫһ򵽵õؼ
УӰͿԴﵽ٣ҡ߸Ҳڹ鼮ҿ㣬һң⴫ſ˵
õģû⡣Щ˵һݡѩ׵Ӱ͡߸ͩ˵ͷ
Žȥѡѩ׵͡߸
һĹԱֽ鼮һīɫľ
Ż˻ӵ֣ԱʶȤ˳ȥȴڸ̾λСү϶ĸİɣֵٶʮңͨ
ֽ鼮˵ǡѩ׵͡Ӱؼֽùŷģˮܣ𲻻ܹǧ겻ࡣ
Ǽī߸ּīרϢܴҪݡѩ׵üʮҳֽ͸㶨ˣ⡶߸ֽصĻԷһӣ治ףĶף̫鷳ˡüģоȥܵõеݣֱӴԺǿߣһξȫеݣ꣬ܰóȥ˵
ͩЩȴߡͩҲûж˵Ҳ֪īжôˣҪ£ֻҪüģֱӴԺǺεȽڵҪ֪ʶлôķ㰡
īеݸŹӣīŴȫֻͩǰݶˣûȥϸ
ЩһǾŰʮңҰͷȥŰʮҾˡЦе˵
ͩҲ벻˲ͻ˽һǧң⻨ǮҲ̫һ㡣
ͩ˿Ʒװ˽ָ׼ؼұչѧˡ


40  ֳ
صҵͩóʮű׼ʯȫͭǮԵţͩʼչһ쵽ţѧθڲ¼
ȥˣͨӶõҵľ޿⼸춼̽ϢȥһС
մлصңµ׼һ£ȥȥסǶһ׷ӡ
֣ʲôϢ𣿡ĵʵ
еģСһӰˣҲҲᵽбܷͷȥˡڿǼҷƵϢûдȥͨɵ˵ˣҲóȥܱܣѾǰֵ˵ˣҪȥһʱ䡣
֣ӶǱߣйڵػ꾧Ϣ𣿡ͩӺԺ˽ʵ
ûУ˵سҹƾΪ˵ػ꾧ġͨش
ߣӣԺȥһ¡ͨ˵˵гϢˣֵģȻޱȵؿģﲻǮˣӸǴӶ˸߼ѧؼѵãѵð
ͩЩһֱڼҿޣʵ죬䱦һָ㣬ȭѾȫաǴԭšѩ׵Ҳѧ߰˰ˡѩ׵֮£߱ͩΪͻͽﵽ˼ϰ߼ʵѾܹϰżˡ
ûдǼϰ߼⻹ͩŬѹ֮µĽΪͭǮ˼ʮű׼ʯ֮󣬷һЩͩΪͻͽټѾǣ񾭷ӦߣѾЩˡ̫ȭ֮£ͩúܿ죬֮е顣
Ժͩͨվ˶ľ
ӣɡͨ˵
ϰ֣ҪСˡͩЦе˵ѩ׵źӰ粽ͽӰ
ͨŵᵶӭȥտʼֻһӾͳһһ˷֣·硣
ͨõҲѩ׵ŵǳ˼ʮķȭͬϣܹﵽ屶ҡ˫ڲ֮䣬ȵľʽ̶ˡ
һϰУûзֳʤͩʽϵ̣ǽ־ȴȸײԶˡ
ףӰΪﵽļˣȻӲˡͨע⵽ӵΪƺǿˣѩ׵ô̫Ҳƴϰлûзֳʤˡ
ϰ߼ͩ˵
ӴǣСӣͨ˷ܵؽеﵽϰ߼ʱǶʮҡԼĶʮʹﵽˡҪ˶ãܹﵽϰżŶ೤ʱ䰡ֻͨи̾ǮǲһúԴҲܰΪڶʱȥ
ͩȷ˲ٵҩҩ࣬ҩѪҩҲϰҡҪȻͩҲ̶ܶʹӼϰ弶˼ϰ߼ˡ
ˣٴˡͨͣˡ
֣ôͩĵʵ
Сӣͨ˵˵漴ɫһ壬˵Ƿȱʵս飬Ҫѣⲻ˵ģҪȥУרŵֳȥɡ
ֳ޻ֳģͩȵʵ
ϻΪأһ˴ģĹǣòҲռǿ߾Ͱƽռǿϰλֳ֮࣬ͼʲôڳﻮٹﷶΧܿһֳֳֳޣȡо޾һõطеֳǲܳм޵ġµͼߵҲ١
ǼǮˣҪȥûֳȫһôСӳĻ㵥ЧҪöࡣͨ̾˵мޣǵͼߵȺĻСܲ꣬үүҳȥΪ˱Ҷˣûȥˡ
֪֡ͩ˵ʲôˡ
û£ѾȥˣΪߺˣ̤֮ǰҪ׼Сӣǿ·ߣԼǵ˵ѳġҪעⰡǧͨ̾Ϣ
ˡͩصص˵ͷ
һҹ޻
ڶһ磬һӰѼһأﳵسҲֻĴֱУĴԽ޼ȥ̫ˡ
Ƕ⹫ģֻҪ๫ãֻҪѡ
յûÿһң
ͨһڣңĹԱó׼ʯ󷨡һֻǰһ˲ʧˡ
еĴɲרŽһʹͨһڸմӴг֣ͩͱǰһĻˡ


41  ¼
ǳĴռҲǧƽɣٸԲ֧õȵ߳׵Ĵ̨ܹͩĴ̨ٸסģΪ١
ӰеĴϰٸسǣÿ춼вڴˣԲ̫ȣҪȻǧ˿֮УҲӵؼʦϰλռʦˡͨ͵
ͩһʱˣЩͺѪһسĸֺŶевĹģʵܹ޹֮£ʮشӦԡ
ߣȥǵ¼ҡһ˰СʱĳһסլС
Ϊвԭ¥㲢ߣΪռʵ̫̫ˣԴвͥסĶǶ¥ʽСסլȺевͥ൱صĸͥˣ˵صۼңһҵ壬СУֻвͥ
ʵͨҲѼͻȻƵ̫һЩǽĹǲһġ
ǽ֮⣬ǳǿʳڳǽ֮ڣķɻЧģ˵ۼҵ壬ǵسǼ൱Ĵ󣬻۵ĲƸҲ٣Ǽ֮ڲҲͬûдؼʦ𣿿˭֪ۼǮȥǵ⡣
һΪۼô⣬ȷʵЩˣҪʱԻǮؼǿ߰æΪۼڳǽ֮ڣɷı
ͬˣͩĸֻһӶ˳ļͥĴǿĶԣڳǽĹ˽൱ϤԳǽڵĹ˽þ൱ˡ֪ͨǼͻȻǮˣ˱ϵȲϵۼ⣬ĶȥҲ˿Ǯ͵ڻ£ʵϣڱ˿ǮҲ͵ӶҸһǧҳһؼʦ֣ѡ
ֻҪǲ̤ǽ˭ҹȻ٣˵ˣǮأҲŲǣ
ͨһӰᵽУĳ˵ҲѰɷıУǮ˺ȥˣУ˭ҹȻΥɷֺܿϸ㲻Υɶ¶ûУΥ˹Ǿ·һ
Ͼϲ㻹ҪȶĵģɢˣͲôˡ
¼ϺǰļҴһһͷһرģԭԺĻͲҪԺˡﻹڷѵߺͲߡһԴԴṩ½һΡѡˡ
ܵ˵仯øȽԶˡһܹͨ豸
ͩΪһ豸͵ϵĵ˶٣ֻǱȵϵĿƼȽѣﵽʶĳ̶ȡĵطǽ˵ͨһ磬ҶеĹͨзԱҲؽӴ˵ͩҪ˽ҰĳΣҲͨҰĳ
֮ͩ湻ˣһ׼Էˡ
ôң𣿡ͨĵʵ
ǳ⣬ûǮ˼Щת
Ҳ߰ҡסСͺլȲá𷿵ز˾򷿵ʱķֻСլͣЩСͺլǮģ˵͸ؼǿ߾סġͨ̾
ͣͩҲˣ벻ؼʦȻԼ򷿣ֱд˾ͣСͬʱͩһΪ̾һͬչʽȥǳĽ
ͨͭǮ֮УͩЩԶŵ֮һÿһ嶼ǿ󵽼㣬ӵƵϵսϵȴȱ֡ͨ׵սõշǳ⣬㡣
ܹͩóжôĿˣǲɷӰ
ͩҲǳ̿࣬Ϣʱ򣬸һ棬óԵһĳԡ
ڵӦǵõ֮ĲִУԼչγԼص߿ƼΪûϵͳѷֲֻ֮ҪţΪţΪսȵأСΪ߿ƼϷչǿ߿ƼĲϷչԴϵִʵγϵķչģʽû֮˵


42  Զִϣ
Щͩӡ߸￴ģԼǼʷ鼮͵鼮ˣͩڵ类֮Ϊ磬滹һ磬ķΧ弫ࡣ½ΨһĴ½ʵϷ½һǧǰ´½ϲûϸ˵ӵжٴ½ֻһڶ½֮һݣҲû˵ж󡣵Щ㹻ͩʮһˡ
Щ֮ͩžԼҰࡣͬʱҲɵһԺУԽǿΪеһԱȻԽ̹ﲻòıū۵⡣ԽȴڱūۣΪһԱжôı
һٺõģص¼ҡ
ļ죬ͩܣ˴ָ鼮ԭרŵ꣬ĸǿ߶Լ֮·дָȻ֮Уͳһǰеġͩ˰дָء
ֹͩһεظ̾оǺسǲһֻѧΧͬȽ̶ҲһسǵʱȻҲܵĴڣܵ˵ͩһйŴĸоǵ֮󣬾ȷظо·ص˶ʮһͣʮʮƵġ
еķӵһ֤ܹתˡͶʡ϶ȵеĹܡнͨϵϵƷͨʳƷҩƷ֡õҵֲϵǳ
˵ҩרҵҩ꣬ҾߵרŵļҾߵ꣬ҲרŵȵȡЩأЩܴ˶ӶġƷͨϵǷȱŵͩأһйŴĸо
꣬ͩûпؼ֮ؼ֮ģвٽࡢָࡢ飬ָĶУָҲнͶָҲʵҵ̽ܵȵȡ
ͩͿʼʽ¼ˣЩĲͩѾѷ׶εķ
֮ǰ䱦˳ѵҪ׼·ڵ·
кͷһİɣͩصʵʱҲ˼ȡᡣ
ţô˵ءȣڵ·ϵǿ϶һġ񣬴ĳ˵ҲɵΪ·̥֮ü򵥵Ļ˵ִԶŵɴӱ˵һġҶҪӻ֣Ȼеķ򡣲֮ͬڣִ֮ʱרעһ򡣵ܹ֮ˣ֮
Զŵɣߺɰٴ·֮ϵ컯֮֮֮Ԫ֮֮ɡһҪֱз֮Ҫһȥϸһ򣬺ѧϰԺеĵԳƵģ˽ɣѧںΪ壬ȥʵǹһСⲿ֮ںзԳ档
֮ʼͽΪһ棬ѷᵤԪӤ񡢺塢ɣһСһ̣ݴǧзһʼ־Ҫзһ֣Ȼзֱ۷壡䱦һʱȥϵǳΪͩⷬͣⷬͣڻṳ֮̂;ͩŷǳȷָá
ͩǴˣһеĵõԶ֮һִУ֮Ȼȫ棬Ϫش·Ȼ;ͬ顣
֮ͬڣ׺ѣѡ񵥷֣ơΪƵãӶصȱǺΪ÷һ֮󣬻ųҪѵö࣬ںϷޱȼѡߵרתȫŵĵ·ôҲУ·ڸߣľԳһ
֮һǼȫ·ߣ˼·ȷһ棬֮лںȻѺףµĺǧƵģڸߣֻһɡ
ΪʲôĽأҪ淨˵ˡ
Զ֮淨޼̫̫ǣǷУݻ˵һ涼Χתģת֮Уֹ򣬱˵䡢ȱļ仯ȵȡ


43  Զִ£
ĹţëתĺġϸĻǧһԪԶ֮һ棬ַճ֮һʼС棬ܵų⣬ڳɵһɲǣرȻή׽٣壬ʶ˶ɽٳ֮˵
ִϵȴߵһ·ӵһһһزաںϡǽ淨ںϣﵽǷ򣬷档ĺôȻǳȳ򱶣Ҫɽ٣ȴ˳Ӧ棬һĴ衣
ҲΪƵͷںѣִϵ淨ȴȫͬԶ֮
ִϵֳļҪ򣬽ľˮ硢ס⡢ռ䡢ʱ䡣ִϵΪ汾ʱռϼɣϼ֮£ָͳŲͬĻ򡣽ľˮз򣬾ͱֵ˿ռ䷨ķ롣硢ס⡢򱻻ֵʱ䷨ķ롣
֣֮Ϊ֮ʱľˮз֮ȥռ䷨һЩͬʱ˿ռϼΪõһߡ硢ס⡢ȴֲʱ䷨Ȳռ䷨Ҫ׵öࡣͬһʱϼ֮Ϊͬߡ
ԶִʱֲͬΪʶϵĲ졣
ͩõˡ¼ٸ䱦Ĳִʶ۲˵ǴġΪʵϾ߿ƼķչۣͺϵĿƼ۴Ǹݴĵ۷չġ˵ǴĻôܷչЩǿƼ
ѧϰԶ֮ʶ֮󣬾ͻִᷢʶ۸Ͳȫ档ķ򣬱˵졢֮ı仯ɽˮ֮ϵ硢֮֡ȵһУΪں϶ķϲûг֮ڣǰ滮ˮ֮ĲȥʵƲǵˮܹ֮˵ġ
ЩִʶϵľԡִҲûа취ΪԶ֮֮ȻȱһЩתʶȴһҲûС
Щ۶ϲǿǣںϷ֮ʱóۡںϷǿĸ
ԣ߿Ƽﵽ˾Ʒ֮ûǰΪʶϵĲȫ档ľƷֻӦλʹãλ֮ϵǿʹõʲôأͩԴ˱ʾǳغ棬Ϊ߿Ƽֻܴﵽĸ߶ȣûװǿߣûгֱǿߣʵȻӰ졣
˵֮ͩĸˡͩѡϰ¼ѡкܶԭ򣬲Ѳ¡֮·μѣ·ĺôҲв١
֮ͩӵʥĴУġԪ屦䡷ʶʹͩҪߵ·ʮ
ִҪѧϰ֮·򵥵ľȥѧѧϰ֮֮򡢻֮ĺûֻڻĿԼӳս١߱˵֮ĺ뻵ҪϲرظߡֻҪٶȹ죬ĹҲѸΪִͷ˸ҩܹӿһʱڵۡ
ǳ֮ĽٶȣǵͩصĸԭΪ֮ʵںϷ򣬶淨ҪںϷ򵥵ö֮࣬ĲʢǿǽޱƵʶϡ
;ͬ飬ҲãҲգܹ۷壬ϲһģɣͬһε
ͩȻѡѺ׵ĵ·һѷ
һϣͩͽѷײĿھ˵߲㣬ȻٶǿĻʹͩ١
ϣͩչվ屻һźɫոΧš
ͩϽ˷ĻܣȻϴһ裬֮󣬻ˬ˵
ͩ˼̫ȭ֮󣬷Լ˼ϰ˼ߵˮ׼ˡһͿʼѩ׵һʩչͩʱоԵĲͬɣ⵽ֵֵļʮͩѾﵽ˾űҲ˵̶̵ļ죬˵̶̵һϣķҪСĲ࣬һϰżʦûмĿ๦ﲻ
ģԶŴоǲһȻӰͩɵȥҪ˶Ϊͻ


44  ϣ
֣ҽʹȥˡǸһȥԼȥ緹ʱͩʵ
ȥɣҾͲһȥˣ׼ڳͶʵС̣迪ĵعǵĶ磬Ҳˡͨƽ˵
ͨ磬̫ˡȾͿĵͬΪÿͨԣ궼ʧȥˣʧȥɷ򣬶Ըӵ׼ĵ¡ʮһͨ˵Ļ;ˡеļ尾ʹǲġڲٵˣһӿԹҸֵˡ
ͩδǰ;õҺ裬Һδһܻܵáϲ𣿡ͨʵ
ðܵܺöһͩ˫ͬԺǿ֮󣬱Ȼһأ˵ܵãԼҲòļ£˵ܵܺãҲԵ侲ͩҲܷ¼ͥĸ͵ǣڼǾԲȱġ
ͩһԼ׼Ķûʲô֮󣬾뿪˼ţԳֳȥ
еĳй滮ϲ࣬һƬطƽغֲʳˮ֮вɽҲǽЩɽ֣еΪҩֲءеľͱ滮Ϊֳ
еֱֳΪ֮أĳǽ䣬ͱǳǽֳˡ
ֳ󷨸Ƭڣÿ»רŵĸֳûм޽һֻһֻƬֳΪŽŽֵоƵꡢùݡȪ֮ʩм޹԰ζ
ͩȥģȥεģԴŽ롣
Ĵǰ˻治٣Ǽϰܹ꣬ģҲüϰ弶ϲ׼ȥƱҲš
еƱǴǰڹ϶ģͻšȻҲƱĵطƱҲúܹ󣬲Ӧ˵ǷģʮǰƱǰңʮ굽ʮȫۣʮϵʮƱۡȡĶʵƣõĶƱʱ֣ͩľһޣ˵һ¡
ͩ˷ĦУֻ԰⣬˶ڴţûԪѧ˰еĹˡ
ûѧУѣ˰
ϰ߼ִ˰
ͩǰһĻȻһַŷĸоͩƱƱ֮󣬾̤档˵ƱõĶǸ߿ƼƱȥһգֳԼͷ䣬˵ͷ˽ȥˡ
ȥ֮󣬲ϾҰ֣һĴרŵĽӴԱǰӴЩӴԱһЩûѧ츳ͨ˻Ǽ͵ϰ弶Ҳﲻߡ
СֵܣǵһɣһݷЭ飬еΪԼеʧȥӴԱӹȡһݷļͩ˵㲻ܳеĺôǹ˾ὫƱתȥ
ͩ룬ȻзЭķļС۴󣬿ԿóһƵ硣
ͩǩļҰӡΪģΣնȱҰĲԶˣûоޡ
ӴԱóһϸĵͼͩǹ˾͵ĵͼöλָףɹλָþΪ˶λһº󣬶λָŻָûгʱֳ߾ͻȥ鿴ָǻŻˡž;һ£ʱ䵽ˡ˾ʬ֪ͨߵļˡȻ󲿷ʬ嶼ղġ
ͩ˽Ӵˡ
߳أͩд޺ְͩγһѺսֱϹһ֧壬ͷñսף̤սѥ
һڿ׸ߵĴ
Ȼڰ⣬ֻ߳ޣнףشٹнϿٶȺͷݣڵͼ͵֮еٮٮߣһֻһͬʳ
ֻȻһЩͩԭһֻͼ͵һԼɱжǿ
ͩϹ۲һڲ׽һֻʳޡ޲ڹԼǿʳޣҲʳޡʳԵ޴޾ļʱʳСʮȻʳҲͬӵйԵġ
ֻ߳ЭֻͬʳɱȻʳ漫ΪѪȡ
ͩŰԶҲŵŨҵѪζͩһݣһϣһݡ֮½ֻ߳ޡûͩȫӽھĿʮԶʱ򣬰߳Ѿע⵽֮ͩ͡
ͩӦ죬Խʮףһ
𡪡ֻ߳ŭżͬʱ˦һβͳ˹߳޳֮⣬βҲͬǿĹԡ


45  £
ѩ׵ΪȻٶȼ죬ͩļٶȣӭβһɨ
֮ؽսֳӦеӲβӦϡ
ն޵β֮ͣͩѩ׵ʩչһֱȡԼһֻ߳ޡ
ֱߵһֻ޴мʬ
ͩһתڶ͵Ŀնȥ
ᡪ˻ᵶնֻ֮ʣµİ߳Ҳͬնɱ
ͩûЩʬһ뿪ֳ
һνɱͩﻹЩƾŹ˵סˡȵһȫϢ֮أΪءҪƬɽ֮һ£Ǻѵġ
ͩݵͼһһ·նɱʮֻͼ͵ޣѾǴڵͼе޻ˡͩһɽڣһɽóӶм޵ķ㣬ɽ֮ʮ׵ķΧȻⷶΧڲһЩԤװãʮ׷ΧһЩȥ
ɽ֮Уͩһʯӽָȡһŷʯϣϥȥĳ죬
ɽĵһȥˡ
ˣ͸ɽ˽ͩ붨³һ̤ɽʱ͸һɵɫͩתķֱɳʧΪֹ
߽ͩɽ֮ԵظоԼĽа̾
֮֮
ͩ磬ϰ׶ε֮⹦ǿǿ塣һ˵ȭѩ׵ЩҲڿļ޷⵹мڵĸоͳȴֻͨĺš
ֲǿ֮߱Ϊʦ֮ʦ߻ߡ
ƫڷĻۣģʽ˳СԶ֮֮ͩôޱߵķ
ЧȻԶԶ磬ͩѾоˣΪúã٣ȫ֮ʱرͨת֮£ͩʵȵǿ
ϰ˼ȻûͻƣΪĲ㣬Ĳ׷Ϊˡ
ڵÿһڴ壬ųʣڶãִӳס
ͩųһɫʣҪϴڣͩѡطʱע⵽һ㣬ԶһСٲͩû·ŵֱ˹ȥٲ³ϴһ
Զ֮֮ѷ֮ǰҪﵽŲ֮ͨһĴ̼ǿƿܹͻƵڣͻƵһɲǣֱӾѷˡ
ִľѣҲھѵһɲǼ䣬ڶѡһһģÿ̤߱һ
ͩϴʮ֮ٲȫʼһ
ʱһһعȥˣͩÿ춼ɱޣӿʼ̽ڵӲӲɱ¾֮и־
֮ͩҲûзľ֮·
ºһϣͩһ֮֮Ϊ˲㣬һͻƵŲ㣬ͩҲ˳ͻƳΪϰżʦʮ겻ļϰżʦȥԿһеˡ
ͩĵԽԽ죬ﵽһ֣ѩ׵ű⻹ûΪ֧¡
Ų㣬ݡ¼ļأһЩͼˡСͼͩˣһܹһֻͼеޡͩڵΪԷϰٸĻסһֻͼߵϢ޷
֮Խô죬ΪͩԼ¼ǿ¼֮ǰͩӵмϰ˼ĵȼʱϰ̫ȭѾھҲһͬչͺͩһ˲㴢Ŀƿӣ¼֮󣬶ƿ֮װˮǿЧʣЧΪ档Ͼͩ꿪ʼĻǰġ
ͩеǳĿģӿͭǮʼ̶̰겻˾˵Ľܲͩ𣿶һʼ¼ǿ֮ںء
Ҫˣ¼ֻǡԪ屦䡷ĵһѣ滹رǵڶԪͩڻűߣɵţĹߡʲôģҪͩԼȥ׼Ͽû⣬¯ǲܵġ
ԣͩѾ⣬ھ֮󣬽ߵѧԺ죬ѧִƼԼϰ


46  ս
ѩ޺ۣ쵶ӰתۼȫʧһֻţᱻʬΡ
ͩһʽѩ׵ʽһֻͼߵޣԳǿսͩʵսҲڲš
鲢ûнͩȻɵһֻޣΧֻͬޡֻͼߵΧһ൱Σյ顣
ͩĵڶʮ죬ͩǰʼͽҵͼߵĥԼս
ڰСʱǰͩﴫ֮¾ʹ˹ȥ
ԭֻţһΧסˣս׿ĵϻʬʬ
꣬һʹһõһһ˳ǹ
ͩûΣˣΪ׵һʹ꿪ȵλ·µĴĵӣҽּּҳӣһѣպл
ǰλѣҽ磬ؼֱϵӣǳҵȼػġõ꺰
գҵӣϳȣԸһǧҡǹӿڵ
ͩһ۾Ϳ˵ʵǼϰ˼ʦƾžѧס߸ͼߵ޵ĹΪס
ԣҲԸһǧҡ
ÿ˸һǧҡ
ͩΪ̰ǮǶ֮ģ
ǳ֮ͩʣûһ䣬ԷɢˡͩԼȴֻʵͬڼϰżʦţΧˡ
ֻͩţʮӣŽһʯǰ棬ԼʯѪսֻţᡣ
µظɵһֻͬʱԼҲֻţᣬͩܿҪԴϵĿֲţǣצӵĻսװѴ󲿷˼ɼצӡѺۣҲһʡ
ͩһţĹǿĹϵսȾͻܲס
Ҫս׳ױ֮ǰɵ⼸ֻţᣬӵ
ͩġӰûöô죬ٶﲢ̫죬ҺӰٶ
ͩΧھʯǰܹʯḹܵѾǴˡ
ʣµֻţһη˽ȺޣԷǳĬֻͬʱ޷ȫӦ
ڰʽѩԭ
ͩһҧ˻ķʽսĽҹζࡣֻţȻ£ͩڱʯӦٶ༸ֻĻСѱˡ
ͩڲˣǺиͬ˻и߼ҩΣֻҪǶֶϽ֮ƣܹͩסС뿪СûˣǾˡ
ҲŸտʼϰɵӵԶŴɷǱޡϰ軹ڵһؼңҿɲͩڵľ߶ȼУֻһͷǾǻȥ
һֱùҲ˳ŵڰʽһԷʬֻţᡣ
ͩûвȡսǷ͹ڰʽ󣬽ŲȺӰֻţţǣӲֻţצͳҧӽֻţᣬͬʱýǶʱֻܿţ
ᵶһһɨ
ѩ׵ھʽ׻
·һ㣬һ֣֮Ȼѷ֣ﵽ١·һ𺳡
ꡪ
ոչֻͩţᱻͬʱʬĶΡ
ͩóһƷ˵£סڸơϵսѾ40ĲλˣҪλս׻ӵмǿķͩսȷʵһƷʹӲսףϾֻǶƷ߶ѣûƶװҲͱйŴķӲʮ
ͩµ裬ûͣ²ֻţᣬһӰ׽͸
ʣµֻţغ漴񷢷һ㣬Ҫţײ˹
ͩȥͣڳһӲӲ˻˵ӡʵϣڽӴһɲǼ䣬ͩĲһתܹ˷˵ţ湥
ʽƮѩһʽǵ֮УĵУƮѩ֮£Ӻδõȫ߼ʡһеİǱʵ飬в
Ӱ·ΪѩƮƮ¡һĵ쵶Ӱ֮кۣϢػһֻţĲһֻͷ£޷֮Ѫֱ쭣ǰԲûʧֱʮײŵ¡
ʱͩʹ˵ʽѩһʽǾʽѩ׵֮һУף硣
һֻţ޷Ӧؾͱնֻͼߵ޾նɱ
ֵͩŵأһѪƸһ֡ͩûдɨսֱԭ·ˡ


47  ؼ
ͩ뿪ûãһĺȺĺǴӴ֮ģͩаԼܵÿ죬ҪɵʰսƷ϶֮ءϧʮֻʬǵͼߵޣʬʰһ£һң޾Ļ͸á
ĦУֻͩ˰СʱͻصԼѣƬΧͰȫˣΪм޷ԭ򣬷Բ֮ڶû޳û
ɽ֮ͩǿŵһʱóĵײúãȻòľѶڸס
ŷʯˡ
ڶ磬ͩŻָһЩڸƷҩ£Ѿʼٻָ˶
ͩһνͩҲɱ˲ޣᵽ֮ĥǵһΡ
ƽ
ͩս׻һµġ죬ͩҲûȥ¾ҷ˼ܽᡣ
һǮһֻ仰˵һҲͩеսǻѴǮĶƷս֮еϵȻɫϵķսȴǷƷս֮еͨϵȻɫͩûǮ򣬶ǮҲ򲻵װĽγ̶ԶԶ˹ɮݣսⶫʵҲƷǶƷս֮еϵȻɫҲʱЩϽӶļãõսٶҲ١
һξ˷𱨵ľҲͩ˳ˣʶǰ粻һһǿʳ磬Ҫøã͵ȱԼеʱʯĳѧȡһƵͩмָ̾ĴǰɣҼˡ
һȷʵʮֵգϵװڶԸֻ͵ֻţʱͻᱻ
ҪСͼߵ޵սͩϰżŲ˻նɱֻţᣬһϰżʦһֻܲˡ
һξ֮ͩȻûоѣҲʲô־־ִĿ꣬ͳʾԪ˧ͩ־رʮֳ־վ֮ʱͩΨһִǻţҪŻؼңҪţ
߶ǿ־ѣ־ʵϾֻʱˡ֣ͻȻѵģϾ֣ڼ֮оѣȻǷŭ־־ս֮Уʵŭ֮»ɥʧһЩǡ
־ս֮вκȴվ֮ʱ侲ƽʱûбֳǱ
ʣµļ죬ͩÿ춼÷ǳƽڶ̫ȭԣǶ¶ĥ־ҩ£ȫָˡ
ͩɽΧ͵׶ɾѶһڣ̧ˡ
µɽڽӴͩ˶λָȷݣǩ֤ͩĦгڳǿȥ
һ£ͩЩˡ
ܿ͵ˣͩŽݣ֡裬һˡ
Ӱϵ趼ڼңûгţͩĵӭ˹
ô
ûˣ
裬û£ҲǺúõ𣿡ͩתһʾԼʲôҲûУյ飬ͩҲԼ˵øĸġ
ӣû¾ͺãоôһǺͱͨĵʵ
һоǺܾյģҺ׼м޵ķ㣬Ϣʱûܵ޵ͻϮͩشŰԼḶ́óһоյ˵˳

ϳһҺƵּ꣬硢һɫЩơ
˵ô죿Ϊѵʵ
ô죬ô죿Աֲֵɱģʲôղػش
ԼֵȷʵɱģǱţɱģԼֵȴǺһʱ棬Ѵּ̰شҪǱԼ֪ˣļ֮Ĺϵ
ô죿ѵǲ˵ǾͲ֪ˣһ˵
ˣܹܳѾˣ˲ɱģʲô˻ؼЩѡչ˵
һҲãһǮۿİ׳գЦ
ǰǰ׳˻ǿҲ棬ԺٽȥΪּڻ¡
һԲƾơ
ּΪձ˵úãʵڵｻûжᡣ


48  ׼
ͩڼ˰£֮⣬Ҳڻͬʱ־ͩô־ҪΪͩѾɣۺĻ־Ȼ̫ѡ
ͩѾڽڳˣɵһżԭԶ֮֮УĵҩźߣһϾˡٲöҲܹɡ
ڣͩȥȥͩطһĴ֮УȻҲһЩУȴƫֻռеǧ֮һмҲǸõģЩȫҪ֮õġĻҩɴûС
ԣִֻ֮ͩҷˡ
һ磬ͩȥӶᣬӶΧԱȻӶඡ
еӶֲӶظӴͷ٣ڴ˵ӶʤͱصӶ˶ʮϡ
ͩϵ¥Լ֤漴ȥһ̸ͨ·ϣͩˡ
ף᳤ôͩкͩš
ִ£á·ͨԱϲʺõ
٣Сӣⲻְ£ִ¡кͩĹ˰Ҫĵػ꾧ԼҲȻְûǰˣȨҲСõǰ࣬ﲻ޹ǵΣաȥɣԼˣкˡ
ǣСĸǡӴԱ뿪ˡ
Сӣߣȥ̸ġŴ̸ͩҡ
ɣʲôЦǺǵʵ
Ҫؼϡֱͩ˵˵
ؼ㸸׵ڻûгؼʮ־ʵ漴ϸһͩȵò㣬Ȼ˼ϰżôܣ
ؼÿһﵽϰż۷߶ѡһλᡣϰżʦУ֮ߣвٶ־ӵгؼʸһŵĻᣬɹȻһ죬ʧ˵ĻȻԭͣҪٴγĻСöˡֳؼʱȻԽԽãʮ꣬Ǳͻᱻľ
ûϵͳǣȻֻпⲿԴѣԳɹϾ֣ʱġ
ͩĸ׾ͳһΡ
ͩ˵ͷشһʴƣȻҪڵϣлᷢùġ
Ҳԡȴ֪ͩ˲ƣϰʦȷʵúԴͩĲƸﵽȻЩˣ⡣
ҪؼҪ֪һֻһλᰡ㲻׼óЩȰʧܵĻһӾֻпڼϰһˣǻѾ޴Ĵ۽˹ѡ
һٶ˥ߡͩصͷӦ
ǹƽģκһˣﵽ˵ļޣлѣǿгȻѡ
ðɣӶᶥ㣬רŵң沼˾󷨺͸󷨣ԾۼʮŨȣһЩõⲿԴҿ԰׼ǼǮȴٲ˵ģȨޣֻʹ屶ŨȵңһʮҡҿԶҵȨޣΪṩʮңһҡ࣬裬ˮƷҩңһƿʮңˮһʮңҪ׼ʮ㹻ҡؼ˭Ҳ֪ҪãһܳɣҪʮ£гļ¼ڡܷܵסʧųϿҵʵ
Ҫ֪ҪӶңֱ롣ȻҲ͵ңһҼǮˡ
ʮңӶΧԱ룬ΪӶһִ£ȻȨʹʮңȻⲻʹõġ
ͩһʱ¶ϲɫԭֻͩһ屶ң׼һЩԴ벻ԸΪʮңҪСֻǶ屶Ũȣڳؼʱֻϸ΢ľ붼Ӱһǰ;
ӶΪܹΪӶΧԱõ屶ңϼꡢʮʱðΣӶȼǶΪԼܹڳؼʱⲿ
лԸ治֪θлͩʮָмġ
Ǿ֮ͰˡͶˣͩɹԺܹŵĸмʧˣҲûʲôʧΪʮҪշѵġ


49  ѣ
ͩĿϻڶңԴġ
ãȥ׼վȥ׼ҺԴˡ
ͩ˴ʮӣž˽Цݵ˵ˣСӣʲôʱң
ô죿ͩΪ⣬룬Ȼǳ˺ٰ
ǺǣʶֳɵģֻҪǮˣҲǿյģʱԿ΢ЦŻش
л˰æͩʮֿ˵ھͽ׼ڴ֮ǰҪѶؼҴк
ԣҴ㵽ѶȥɡŴͩϵ¥ǹõĴѶңгٸѶ
֮ͩ󣬲ŷԭͨѶеôȻƶͨѶҪؼϲã̶ͨѶͨҲáͺĴѶͨ󷨣ҪһͨѶĿ룬ܹͨӰͨҲԵĽ
ͩ¼ңҲװһѶΪˣ϶רŵļĹ⡣
ͩﱨһƽ˵ԼҪӶ⼸첻ؼˡ
һͩͨ˳
ˣ߰ɣסؼʱ򣬿ֻܻþ֮ĸӰ죬ðԼ״̬ٵ۷ٽУؼķҽ˰ɣ·ѵ
ףлѡͩ˵ͷش
Űͩ͵˵ʮ¥֮԰ҽȻΪߣϳգ棬ȫΪҵӶ߲İ칫ңơ
ЩֱּѵĻڣý֮˸İȫ⣬ͬʱҲܸרĵȥؼ
ͩңоԵĲͬһ̾ö
ԣ̶ȵ㹻ͻˡ䱦𣬡һͻƵʱð״̬ˣҪţЩ˲һЩϰżǻһγǡ¼ޣﵽ۷壬βܳɹҲӰ쵽´ȻܹƽҪ
ͩͷӦǣʼУҿȥǸ磬ʵȻҵϷǿŵģֻһ󷨷ӡ̧ͷ͸󷨷ӡա
ӶշԲڵȴŷԲڵĴбһ޴ľӰ췶ΧڣҪǿǺѵġ
ͩʼ׼Ǹ࣬Ҫȫһ缡ܹǿ֮⣬ܼǿƤٶȺſëס裬ڳؼʱţǿ־þˮҪڳУ˽УһɵͻƼʡǰÿϰʦ𣬿ˮֶֻгΪӶΧԱ֮󣬲Ȩ޹򣬶Ҽ۸񼫹ҲҪһŹá
ϣˮһҪһң۸һмС
ˮרŽĳ֮УӲֻʮȫ֮ͩѹ·ݸ࣬һֱţ
ʱعȥˡ
ֱҹԲ֮ҹͩ붨оȫı͸У״̬Ҳ۷塣̷裬˳ˮУԴ֮⣬֮Сĸоһˬţ飬˵Ȼ
ͩת¼ķʼȻûڶЧִƷͬҲЧ
֮ͩţʼӿͩڣˮ̺ӪҲڷӿͩڡ
ͩоʲôˣһɿϮͩУлþĹЧͩӲ־Ϊ
ͻƻڼڳһɲǡ
Ӷĸ¥֮ϣһɼгˡ
ϰӶṤԱԼӶǣӶΧǶһˡ
Щڴǣʵ̫Ϥĳˡ
͵ϰͷԱޱĽؿյ澰
緹໥̸š
λ˵ļһˡ
ǰӶǱѾûгһĻ˰ɣ
ֻˣ˵Ҳûгµľ߾ˡسǰľߡ
ⳡǲЩ̫һЩһλپ߾ʵ
ȥȷǴһֹһһ߻ش
еޱȼɶʵ˵Ǿʲô˲ġ˵Ҳԡ
Աи˿˵ˣѾʮ壬мش㣿壬㻹±Ӱɡ


50  λ
ӶǱĻ᳤λ᳤Ŵִ£λռʦλؼʦյϢ׷׸ϵ˹ᡣ
Ӷѵİûᰡһλִ´˵ܹӶоѵģ඼ûĲݸĲݸӶỶӭģֱӶᣬһ½ؼľߣǶҪƹ׵ġ
жһӶ᳤ٽʵ
ϣһЩǱ󡣡
ʦǾͷˡһλִ¿˵ʦ˽֪ģһʦһʦ׵Ĳʮ
еӶλռ;λؼʦеĶʮλǿ֮ȴûһλʦȻⲻΪӶẮʦûУֻʦȥص
ӶһӴò˵֯Ǵ½ǿ֯һһķֻúܡ
ķֻͼֻдؼʦ򣬷һ᳤Ͷ᳤иһλռǿ򡣶зֻҫзֻᣬռǿԴơ
Ÿϵֳ󣬵˵ĳɹ˰ɣģǿɾ˲ˣʮĴؼߣҪ䶯ġ
᳤ˣ˲ˣִһʮҡһϰżʦż¼˹ػش
ִ£ʶˣٽŽ˹ʵ
ʶӶһΧԱҵȨް롭ȻҪȨҲһСΥ档
ЩС£˭ٽһֲ˵ںΧȨƨ°ҪǮģڿýǮˣֻҪǳɹͻƵľߣҵʹ÷ãӶᶼˡ
ͩسףֻʮ꣡˵
ʲôٽȵòע⵽֮漴˵ʮĴؼߣ
ҲǷֱģ֣ľߣΪĳԭʹ̼;ˣĽľҪɳģȵؼʱ򣬻Ѿʮˡ
ͻƼϰż𣬽ؼľߣǿˣЩ־ӵмᶨ־ӵǿսһѣ̾Ǵؼӵдؼս͵λɸܸ׷
ǵġŵͷӦʱע⵽Ǳ˹ᡣ
ܺãˣúܺãĳΪʽԱ㽫õӦеĽٽǳصͷӦΣͩĵϾѲᣬ᳤ģܲ˵ġ
ʧˣ̫Ѿˡ
ٽкˣֿˣҸæʲôæʲôɢɢ˰
ӶǰȺɢ
ٽλ᳤Լϵ¥ҽ׼˲ԼµϵǼ׼ӭʽ
Уͩȶľ磬붨˹
ҳɹˣͩЩ㱣ҳΪؼǿˣҲˣͩСʼϵ͸ߵĸԴ޹һս֮Уʶؼϵǿߵ֮󣬾ʮĽζΪĸ֡ڳɹˡ
ˣǸССʲôüģͭǮʽ۹ܣӵпЧֱܹ۵ؿطݻÿһΣҪ׼ʯһö䱦ѵ
ʲôһҪһңǲ˵ֻܿٴҾˣͩеҲ̫˰ɣ
ˣҪڸв֪ˣ֪߶ôҪ𣿲Ҫ˵һһΣһһοҲ޴ڣӰ࣬⿿ȵ۾ֱ۵ؿ֮ٲ򣿴Ч˵޷ġ䱦ؽ͵
ͩˣϸһ룬͸Ҳ԰Լʵڸв͸ˣûǮԺʹ׬ˡ
óȥˡͩһתǿͻƴؼ֮ԭǿ񾭷ӦתΪǿʶͩʶתٶȱǰ˺ֹʮ
ͩʰһ£ң˳
һţͿòŮվſڣźλվڶ棬һЦݵؿԼ
ϲСѣؼٽ˳ףص
СѣλӶĻ᳤λ᳤᳤᳤᳤᳤̻վܵ
ԭλǰˡͩҴλռǿߣǶǿԻǧϹ


51  ְҵƫ
öˣﲻ˵ĵطȥ˵ɡٽ˵ȴʮ˲ò
ӶĻ᳤ͩӶλ߲Աһ𣬷ٽѯһͩļ״˽⵽ԭͩΪڵһػ꾧ڵĳɾͣɵø̾ͩá
Сѣ㻹ûвԹԼԺְҵƫɣٽʵ漴͵Ժ˵һʲôԣԵķʱͿһЩȻ˵ԲͲķˡֶ㻹̫ԶˣȲҪͻƴؼӦȷһԼԺ򡣴ؼ֮ҪһʦߵǽһʦߵԶ̲ٿطʵҪľǲʦΪÿһؼʦ򣬵ȴÿһؼʦ򡣡
һֱʦΪϡٵģʦȴϵķչ᳤̻һԽӿڵ
ţСѿؼʸΪӶʽԱ֪СǷԸ⣿᳤Ƚļ˵Ȱ˵ʮĴؼţǴŵŵı
ΪʽԱ֮󣬿ʲôκ𣿡ͩһؽ˽⣬
ǵȻΪʽԱõıӻֺܶΣΪʽԱ֮󣬹жڵԼй׵ƶȡͬʱỹỨѴ㣬رţͨᱻʼҸߵѧ԰ѧϰɼҵ֮󣬻ܽ빫ϲ֯졣ٽ˵
ܲٽһ飬Ķûʲôö˵ġ׵ƶȲǴͷƷϵսߣ򲻵ģõǮҲΪ󡣻иศҩЩ˶֮⣬ֻԼˡǹڲṩĶͨ׵õģĳЩˣĳЩƷˣĳЩͻƿҩȵȣù׵ȡ˹ѣҺ˵ҺͶʮڻ֡Ƕģù׵㣬ҪΪĸȡ˹ѵĻֻҪİٹ׵һˡһҶһ1׵㣬һǧֶһ1׵㡣һ㣬ҪʡǮȻҺֶһ׵ƵģĶһͣͣͩһ¡
˵ʼҸߵѧ԰ѧϰ⣬ѧȫ֪ʶѧ֪ʶ֪ʶѧ֪ʶ涼ѧκ˶ܽȥġУһλϵİʦҶ˵ˡУͨĸߵѧԺֻѧؾż֪ʶʼҸߵѧԺ㼶һ㼶ѧǴؼڶ㼶ռ㼶ռѧɱҵĻҲռǿߡ
ͩ˲𾪣ԭһѧǿǳԽѧУĴڡ㼶һ㼶Ӧһ𣬳ռѧУʦǿʲôز
ǹڲ죡ǲǿ߶Ļᣬ棬ѧϵͳ֮磬Ӷ̵ǷᣬֻйڲԱУ·ż׳ذϢ
ͩ˲صһ磬񼶱Ĵʲôһ㰡
ͩҪش𣬾ڴʱõ
Сѿһ£Ȳ˵ɡٽ˵
õġͩ˵ͷ
õҲźʯͷĶ
ʯǲõġУܹ֪ˡٽȰʯ˹
䱦ܰһЩʵ𣿡ͩûȫ¶ʵĴ㡣
ԣû⡣䱦ʶ֮лش
ͩʯͷϣ
ˡٽ˵һʯֳͩԣ80ľ80ˮ808080о⣡
˿ݣһһۡϵЦݲɵø˼֡
о⣬ֵ֮ߣСǰ;Ҫ֪һٵֵҪ֪⼸ԵֵˣһЩĵܹﵽ90ϵֵЩֵʾСѵʣԵһٷܹתеİʮңСо⣬ûбƵĿܣԾʦĶˣκܹ죬ķϣȴҪСԼȥѡˡٽҲ˲٣ͩǱޣ˶Ҫǿ


52  µʦ
ˣòְҵƫˡǾʯܲնֻҪͻ˴ؼĸ˶ֻնĻô˾ֻʦˣܹɹ𣬾ܹΪһʦٽ˵
ҸʱԽΪʦ֮ǱԽ󡣡ѵ
ļ¼Ƕãͩʵ
ͩôһ䣬˿˵ǿʤ
ţ½һǧӶص¼Сʱ̸᳤ڻشΪڳˣֻǹڲϵһλ
ͩ˵ͷշٽ˵ķ˲ʯϣһһ𣡡
ϵʯͷȻ
һĻĸˣ¶ЦݣʯӶѾʮˣʮǵһθն
ʦʮĵһλʦѾʮûµʦһӶʦ˵ĹС˵ġ
ʯڸ֮ͩоˣڿԽԽأҪϵؼӴ
ͩʶͻ֮һһЩֻǷȲ󡣲˵ͩͭǮʶӾ
ʱһһعȥˣܿСʱȥˣͩȻŲʯ
ٽȴǴϲ𾪣Сʱ䣬Ӷļ¼½ʮûһﵽ
Ҳ˵ͩʦ츳ѾΪʮһˣ
̸᳤λ˵һǵĹ͸ˣʮʦ츳һˣ˱Ȼõص
ͩ˿̸Լĳ־ȥԼԱʮСʱϡ̫ˣСʱңͩװųŲסӣòʯ
ܺãСʱʮֶʮ롣һԼʱ֮ʱ
ˣϲСѳΪʦһ͵ǱߣǻΪϣӦĸͬʱҴӶʽСѼӶᣬΪʽԱǿԳŵӻСԼСѼ˵İȫԼСصٽ֣ص˵
ԸӶᡣͩͷӦӶĴɽҲ̫ɵˡ
ã̫ˣԺǴҾԼˣСڿȻȥϢΪСѰȹ죬ǻȥСѵġٽ˵˿ҲûУִ£Сѻؼҡ
ǣޱذͩͳ˹ᡣ
ֵܰԺǾԼˣΪʦԺܻҪˡޱ͹˵ʦĵλͬʦ֮ϣʦҩʦʦЩְҵʦǵλ͸ߣԳռǿƽƽ
̫ˣԺʲô£СܼĻһͩػشŴ˶ԼȷʵԺķˣһҲʲôͩһԹˡ
ֵô˵ǴҿȶлˡͩԺĵλԼ֮ϣǼԿ϶ġ
ͩص˼ң˼š
裬һˡ
ӣɻˣôˣͨڴʵ
ҳɹˣͩһǿѹϴѹֻ˲Ż
ãããáͨ˵ö֪˵ʲôˡ
ҶӳΪˣҶӿ˴ؼˡҲޱȽֿĵ
һ˿ĵףš
죬ˣһгͩҵĴšͩݵǼԼ·߸ģԭֲĸгǰģǲҪˣͩͨľߣʦӶǱѾѲϸˣȷͩѾӶᡣʦݼӶʽԱݣɲӡ
ͩţһİˣʵ˭
ͩеĸг顣е˵
ԭгˣ룬룬롣ͩ˿ޱȵػصигȻռǿߣǿߣôΪ
鷳ˣǸµơһƷߵƣΪʦרŴ쳯ɣϳѶȹܣȫ½ͨá뽫ԭóת֮ڡƴǵҪǽȥһͨ鷳Ӧ꣬ӶһߵأǵȾˡ


53  
ŶáͩԼԭ˳
ӹӣǼʦרƶԽӡţ֮дһѾת
ͩƵݸͩѪ̫ͼˣõǾӡ
ͩõУԱԺǸҪõö࣬Ļʾء֮У˲ͺá
ˣ飬ڵϢǣͩ䣺13ꣻְҵʦһ½λоӵз»Ȩǧʮ򡣡
оôоˣһһǧңͩʵ
Ҫģʿ£κһλʦܹõһ㶼оʦλһȡһǧң·ŵĽԺÿʮҵĽ·ϣͬʱһר͡ǱԿ׺λá鵹ʮ־ظͩ˵ţʦӣн·дĸ;λ
Ϊλʲô˲ģҪˣ½ĸҶǵƹңһڵƹڵĵλȻƽҪߵöࡣκƽ޹ðǶҪ̵ģصľ
ͩһӴƽΪĹ壬һֲʵλøСؼͼϰ֮ĲɼһˡȻҲΪͩʦĴʦĻȻͬбͽ·ټҪ½һ룬Ҳоλ⡣
Ҫǣʦľλȫ½ͨõģҲ˵ͩľλ쳯ȥȻʲô⣬ǹȴǱϵģһз»Ȩ
·ıͩһʸ񣬷ǳϸǳرضεһ¿ķ羰ȼСҪʮһר͵һܼҺλŮЩ˵ĹǶǮġ
漴ʦȨзʦרְҵۺְҵ¡±һƷߣӵд洢ĹЧؼ¿Դ洢ؼʦһҵ
лгһˡͩػ
ˣϷҲøˡһжˣҲ뿪ˣˮûкȡ
һͩûüţŴ˹ˡ
磬ͩȻޱȿк
鷳ˣ˵ɣѹ°ˣĳûȥءһ˵
ȸһ£λҫӶ߲㣬ӷˡſذһλ߽ܸͩͬʱգգ۰ʾһͩ
ˣáͩȭһͩյʾȻޱλߡ
ǳǻֲӶҲкþյûСֵΪʦˡȻͩòǳ⣬ͩյֲָʾΪ䷢ϲĽȣѾΪӶڲԱӵڲԱһȨһʼҸߵѧԺ¼ȡ֪ͨ飬һºȥѧУɡΣϲ㽱㹱׵ʮ㣬ʦ׷һǸѧҪԺԼѡǹ׵ĸһṫڲ磬ѯȨ޷ΧڵһϢͬʱΣ֮ʱ򹫻Ҫ㣬򹫻ĻᣬֻΣǾõģáˣֻᣬù׵ȥˡ1㹱׵ؼĸְ⣬10׵ռĸ֣100ռĸ֣ʥϵĸ־ҪٱϵĹ׵ˡԣȰ㻹λᣬԺɳ񼶱Ĵ˳Ϊ⡣
лǰָ㣬½ġͩм˵ɲãͷǲҪ˷Ϊ
ӷȡһ븽һſȥâı顣ȻһģԼʼҸߵѧԺ¼ȡ֪ͨ顣
ˣҪ˵Ҫ˵һӶڲɣȥ㷿̸ɡӷ˵ӶڲȻʲô̫ܵ飬ֻҪڲԱ֪ܲҲǺõġ
롣ͩ˵԰ӭԼķС
ִºһȥžˡӷԸ漴Žͩļš
ڸʱƬС˾յϢеµ˶Χſ֡
ĺ£ܶ궼ѵһպҲ̸ʿġ
·ĸķʱͩȥԸĸһ£裬ǽ̸£Ӷڲ顣
Ŷˣ֣Ҫȥˣһȥɡǻ飬ʵ
ããһȥˣгϢˡͨҲɵӣȻϵ˵
ʲôҲûʰֱӳˡ
ͩԵ赽Լķ䣬ϣ˵ˣȲ衣磬Ȳ衣


54  ڲ
ؿˣˣԹӶ쳯Ϊģÿ۹ÿǵķֲÿֲķֻᡣǹֲṹǲ½֮κս֮ĹĶǣھλáڴ½ϣƽˣ߿Ƽ˾ˣ֮ǿĳᣬеӶеҵΪǿ߷񣬱ʵҲʮǿ߿Ƽ˾Ƚ߿ƼơоͿӷ絭˵
˽ռʮǧ½˿׼ƣֱɼʢһֱھĸ߶ȣֻ֮ҪǵһķΧ޹ûг棬ǾͲܡӷ˵
ͩһһ㶵ģӷ˵ĶѾͩڵۺܶܶ࣬ЩݶһڴײСϰնȷʵ̫𺳡ʵϣÿһʥ򼶱ϵǿ߶˽ĳʶͩȻŸո̤֮ţɼܲסͩǿЩʶҪռ֪ġֻҪվøߣܿԶǳǡ
ΪһǰЩӶʱҲֻûôϸѡʦӣ
ͩܿͻָ˹ϾΪˣʶеġ
ӷ翴ͩܿͻָ˹ﰵͷһ꣬ٴ˵䷶ĳȡֻܴеһԱ֮⻹ΪеҲв٣ԺʲôĳɾͣΪҲãΪҲգԲ棬ͬҲӶ档ȻֻһҸ棬ݣûʸ棬Ҳ̫⡣
ͩ̾ǳƶܹݣһ൱׵顣˵ԸǶģк˾лˣǲӵƶ⣬ҪܹǿȻҲеߵģ˵ߣǻᱻġҲҪߵģ˵ߣͬҲᱻ
Ҫˣ˻ߺܺýͣΪʲôҲҪأ٣ʵϾô涨ġԶڳԶĸӹ޶ȵĳԲ丽ӹ˭ҷ䣬˭Ҫϲ
˲ˣûеߵͬˣͲһԱȥˣͬģ޶޳ܣʱԽаԽ£ϲͶԽǿá
࣬ı졣Ǹ֮ɰ
ˣתӶʽԱΪ߸ʵֵģ͵һӡʵÿһΣﵽռӡͬһ֮䶼зֱڹ涨ʱڣΪܹǾŵУӵиԴָ㡣һº͵ʼҸߵѧԺȥɣѧķ棿ӷȻתʵ
ѧ죬񶷡ͩش
ѧǺ£񶷲ܸޣҲޡӷ
ǣˣҾ񶷡ͩͷӦ
ÿԴӶõһǧű׼ʯΪ֮áϣڶʮͻռӷ翴ͩǱͻռѡ
һǧű׼ʯһǧңǲƴְÿ궼ȡһǧű׼ʯ̫ˣԺҪ۹ܣû㹻ı׼ʯء
Ӷڲһƣÿһÿʮ˶һ·Դһǧֻ𲽶ѣҪ࣬ҪŬԼΪӷ٩٩̸
ͩһ߲ͣصͷȴ̵ģ볬ǲһÿ궼һǧϵı׼ʯͣҪԼĻԴľҪͷˡ
ˣýܵҲˣڰڣռΪĺĵӣὫ羫ҲøˣúŬɣʦҪ˷츳ӷ֣صѵ漴뿪ˡ
ͩȰӶ߸ˡһǷӡһ̣߾ͺͩľͨˣͩһ
һ׻ƽɫĳ׸ȫװļ޷ֵܹռǿȫһЧڴؼ˵һָġ


55  ѧ
һߣ״߿Ա仯ɽָϣʱͨͨ硣
ˣʲôЧͣͩʱʵ
߾ȻҲƷϵߣΪֻƷϵ߲ڣõϵרҵ˹ܡ
ͩһ£Ȼ鵽ϵϢͨ飬ͩ鵽װϡԭÿƷܷװֳĸΣͭƽĸװЧƷĻƽ𼶷װȵƷͭװˡʽװǺͭģϵװɾͱȽˣҼǮҲǰҪöࡣ
ף˼ʱ飬ֻǿ鱦ڻԵɺ֮²ǡ˵ңӵǣ˼ʮٵʱ䡣ڵãһƷɫܹˡ䱦ȵ˵ʱųԹ
һЩ鶼ַͨŪģֻܣǻۡͩҲˣƷϵ飬˹ĵͼܣֻ¡䱦飬ӸϾʤЩͼܣ˵䱦һǻ
ˣ㲻Ĵʲôʦɣ䱦ʵ
ô𣿡ͩʵ
ǣֻҲϣ˽ս֮ƽȷչ۽սԶ̶Ҫˡ߶ҪȻ˫޺ѣԺٵʱ֪˫޵ĺô䱦ޱصѵ
ˣ֪ˡͩóһö׼ʯʼվʯеƪĹ۷
ڣͩھͲԪؼѵʵ
ڳᴿԪ⣬Ȼص˿ϡȫʮѨλÿͨʮΪһ㡣ˮĥĹûκνݾߡǰ֮ͨҩ
ͩҪռһһشͨȫѨλ㹻Ԫ
ʱ֣ĸһѺò˻һٷʢͩ͡˷֮ȥչؿˡ
ʱһһܿһ¾͹ȥˡ
ڼ䣬˰õİ죬ͩķһٿű׼ʯһڣڴͨʮѨλȷǳ졣ȣҪĸ£ܹͩͻƵضԴ㹻Ļ겻ܹͩﵽض塣
ͨĴؼʦҪӴһؾżҲûѼʮ꣬ϰʱܴﵽ
ŵҲҪʮϣ
ͩһ£ʮ֮ͻռΪ񣬳һű׼ʯ֮⣬һٹ׵㡣
ͩ˲ЩˣҲ̫˰ɣ׵ͩͨĸѯ֮£һЩ
ڲ֮УвٵѡʦʦС
Ϊķ似ַ֮˺öС
ķãĺÿֱӰһ˵ȡ˵ͩĹǾģ׼ʯ֮ڵתԪٶȺͱܱͨȵġҪȻͩҲһڴͨʮѨλˡ
ķģ˵ġܺҪʮ׵㣡ܹͩߵķ鹦Ҫһǧ㹱׵㡣ķĺ棬һʺţͩҲܶһĸ߼ķ
ûмɢ޵һȺؼʦǵĺɣȫǿʱȥۻˡ
似þ޶ȵطӳ似ͼϰ似вͬ似Ե似ܹӳ
һķǷ书Ľϡ
ǳķ似֮Ķֵܻ֮У󲿷ֶǸʦġҲвǸʦġ
ͩڣһƪ׵򣡺ĽǣǿԶʦֻʮ֮һκԴط߽ԿΪο
ͩƪֱˣΪеԪ屦֮УҲķţûзɽƨð
ҾֲƪȻֵ׵㣬Լȫ׷żֵ٣
ͩ°ԼᴫͬҲй¶ȥԼûǿԱ֮ǰЩķŻǲҪ¶ĺá
ϢˣҪȥѧˣʼҸߵѧԺǷУУֻڴؼ֪ʶԼ̵ؼʦ졣
ڶһ磬ͩһ̫ȭһ壬緹¼ȡ֪ͨ飬ĦоѧУȥˡ


56  סУ
ʼҸߵѧԺǻѧԺȻǵѧԺֻһǧУ֮һҲɷϣܹѧϰĶ൱еľšκʮ֮ǰѵܱ֮Ϊţ
Ҫˣʮ˻ܽţ
ؼĸ֣ԪϣؼһʼÿһʮԪؾżʱԪɴİꡣٵİУʮ𣿾ʮҲˡ
ֻͻƴؼ֮ǰ˥ϵٶȺͨ˶٣ֻҪڿؼ֮󣬲ӻı˥ٶȡ
ʼҸߵѧԺǷУڶǣһɽ֮У˵̤˵һ
ɽ֮⣬Ҳɽ˺ˣͩʮ֣Ϊ˵ѾˣЩ
ͩߵȿڣüķȿڵĴţ֮ͩ⣬вغšŴ򿪣ȿֺس˹ȥ
ʱһߴӴ˳סȺ˵λ԰ꡣͬ˶͡
ѧԺһȿѧӣͬʱҲһȷѧӡߵ˵λܻ֪ʲôзѧҿԸ߸λʼҸߵѧԺѧԺѧԺֻ֮վӢѧԺȡ̭ƣ֮Уûһѧ֮󱻿УνѧǷѧȥ
һɵһ󾪺˶֪ʼҸߵѧԺȻϸͩҲͬˣ˵ʼҸߵѧԺѧѣֻҪҲǾ߲СͨĸߵѧԺյĶʮµļϰ߼ҵߣЩ߶Ǳؼ
ʼҸߵѧԺżɾ͸ߵöˣǾ߲ţÿ껹̭һЩ̭ѧŵ涼мײ㣬ҲԿʼҸߵѧԺϸѧ
˵ʮ˳
̤У֮ǰЩе棬ееһʣ׷վӣ߾һΣڡ
ȥɣǣҲܹͬҵǵδ߰˰˵
ʮո̤Уţ߳ʮײвΧ
XX˾ܾǹ˾Ƹλ˾ְһλʮʽĳɹʿ˵
XXĳϣǼ延ӭλļ룬һλ۵к
ţС׷ǰ
ͩһĻһֲʵĸоղŻһȺͷɥ˸ϳɫת۾ͳΪеɡ
ˣλǻʼҸߵѧԺĽ̵ΣջơǿԳΪΣҲԳΡѾδְˡߵ˵ӭµѧԱ뱾Уóǵ¼ȡ֪ͨ飬ר˼飬ȻΪǰѧõѧ֤һǾǱУѧˡɣУɡ
̤ѧУˣֻв˵ˣҪôǸˣҪô˲ŵĹ˾塢ᡢŶ֮ĴС
÷ǳѸ٣ֻҪó¼ȡ֪ͨ鵽רż֤һ£Ȼóñ˵ƶԽӣˡ
֤ϢݵĺͶôС
֤ݣͩУʮ꣬ʼҸߵѧԺһһ꼶ѧ֣㡣ѧ㣺㡣ѧϰĿδѡ滹һαעϢڣѧδ10֣У
ˣǱѵλ滹ʲôûаûаģҪϿˣ֮ѧУգǱѡסУ֮ڲ
ͩһϽԴѶܵơľͷҲͨĴѶ󡣡ľͷڵ˹ܡ
ܿ죬Ѷͨӣôѧ˳𣿡
УѾſѧֻѧУҪסУڲһͩƵػش
Ŷðɣ֪ˣúѧϰˣòǡͩȻе᲻öӣҲ֪ӳ󣬳Ҫ뿪ĸġڼûɶɲĵģǶϰ¼ңӳΪʦּӶᣬָһȣټϼǮˣٹǰֿˡ
漴ͿʼͩҪչ˺Լ
裬֪ˣˣϰҪע尡ͩ⻰ֱǷϻϰżߣ׳꣬ôܻ岻ã
ͩѧУѡѧ֮󣬷ֵԼᣬͩѧУ֪֮ѧԺռ󣬿ѧԱƺֵ࣬ͩȫһᣬҲ˵ᶼһסǶıС֮ǰͩԼڳ򵽵Сࡣ


57  ѧѧ
ͩԼſڵĶȡһˢŴ򿪡̤Լᣬ̱øˡ
ˣáһ𣬡ܼ3170ţ뿪ѧԺ֮ǰҶΪ񡣡
ͩһ֮侲ʵкر֮
֮УϢҡҡҡԼѧϰҡܣϢΪճϢ˯֮ãиãרŵľ󡢸󡢸Ϣ˿԰ĵǹ豸һ䣬и֡¯ȫϢģʽ飻似ĵطɣֻҪռͲκα𻵵Ŀܣѧϰ֮ҪһΪʼҸߵѧԺ֮Уûרŵнңһпγ̶ͨȫϢԽӣͬϰ޿֮⣬еĿγ̶ѡ񣬿ѧɲѧÿĿγ̰ţһǰ֪ͨ
ͩ˵ͷʵ̫Ƚˡ㲻ܹѧϰ
ʳ﹩Ӧأأʵأͩʵ
Ҫ˽ѧУһйƶˡѧԺ֮Уֹ˽Դ򶷣˽Դ˫۳Ӧѧֺѧ㡣ѧ֣ѧУ֮ϰγ̣ͨ˳ɼġݿγѶȣӣ÷ж١ѧֹϵܷѧУҵĹϵ˲ڳУڣ޹ʮѧ֣Уѧ㣬ѧУһֵȼ۽õ㡣ѧƵĸߡҩ󷨡Դ似ҲԶһͬʱѧУеĸֽᡢ˶л㣬ԼѧУ֮ѧõѧУѧ㡣ѧһƷŮū޵ȵȡܼҽܵ
ͩȷʵЩȣ漴ƽԼҪѧ裬ľһ
ǣͩʵҶһѧ㣬һǶ٣һ
һҿԶһ1ѧ㣬һ֮ڣһóʮҡܼһشҪѧ㣬ϾԼȥ׬ȡ
ͩѧУ޸ѧһƣƽУУڵӰ죬ͬʱҲҪѧƾԼŬȥ׬ȡѧ㡣
ͩ˿ɳϣɳԶؿĦװãзǳͩ˵3170뿴һѧУ֮УѧЩʲô
ԡܼӦ漴һĻͩǰ
ĻϣΪ衢ࡢࡢҩࡢࡢࡣ
ࡢࡢҩࡢĴǺ⣬Ӧǲǰֵ𣬱ʳƷȵȡ
ֵͩ㿪ࡣ
ϸһʵҲһߡҩ󷨡ϵаĶС
˵һҩ裬һƿҪ1ѧ㣬ЧһһҪ2ѧ㣬Ч
ףõľʯôô󰡣һžҪ1ѧ㣿ֵͩʵ׼ʯһһţѧУ㣬Ҳܹôװɣ˵ˣͩϸһµϵĶñҪˡ
ѧУľʯƷʯ̺ŨǱ׼ʯİٱԲŻ1ѧһġܼһش
ͩ˲һ㶣õľʯǱȱ׼ʯҪðٱƷʯ˵ԼٶȻٱ
Ҷһʮѧɡͩ˵
õģ뽫ƲɳֱߵĽӿڡ
ͩתͷһƣֱ߿ǽλһ忨ӿڣͩˡһʻһǧңѧʻ϶ʮѧ㡣
Ҫһõľʯͩ˵
õġ3170ʽԵػش
䣬һӣԶ
ȡһƷʯ3170˵
ͩ˹ȥһƣ澹ȻһСͿռ䣬װƷʯɹ㡣Ƶĳʮ֪װʲô
ͩȡһƷʯʵ˻ô
ö٣Ϳ۶ѧ㣬ѧɸûлϣ˽Уܼ3170ʵش
ͩ˵ͷʾˡ
ƷʯҡʽѧѧУɽġͩ˵ȥҲûкȥ
ǳŨȵӶʮҡڻʼҸߵѧԺãͩǷǳ⣬ͬʱҲʮָмԼѧϰĻᣬͩףҪѧԺǿܽģЩ豸Դ൱ߵεģ򶼺ѵģӦûдĽܺͰԼҲУҪǩгɺ󣬸ҴĹܻ塣


58  
첻ͩżֵһҵƷʯִͩͨʮѨλûдͩʹñ׼ʯһһٿű׼ʯͨʮѨλƷʯһţЧʹһٿű׼ʯࡣЧȴԶܱȵġ
ͩΪ֮𺳣ȥ˵ʽ֮ǰԼܹͻƴضؾż۷壿
Ĵؼ־ʯǽٶȾˣ
ģÿʮѨλһСƿҪͻ˲ܼп͵һ۷壬ƿһͿġ䱦ͩ
ͩˡ
УΪÿ˶ӵٶǡ¼ҪЩ¼ȣҸҴƱ֮УķҲȲϡ¼ʮ֮һ֮ϴ֮һµӣ붼벻еİҪ֮ʱҲһĲ֮شиСӡ䱦ӵ䱦ոʱڵ䱦ԽԽḻǻָԽԽˡ
ͩûзȴԿģǰԼʲô˼ʲôͬԴԼٶȾԳûöԱȣҲ޷ԱȡͩҲɵԼܱ¶ȥͱ˶Աȡ
ֶͩһƷʯ֮ڰΪƽһ۷壬Ȼͬ䱦˵˹ؿ
ͩûټȥңԼϢȥ˯һ֮󣬷Ŀʱ䡢ϷӰŵȸĿ
ͩ㿪ţ֮нܵĶһЩ˾ſһЩµĿƼƷҪôǸ档һʸйˣͩת˱ѡ
ԭѡ֮У¼ƵĶѧԺڲԵӰ¼ſţͩˡ
Щ¼Ϊͩ˴ؼ֮սĴšͩһ׼ȷʶؼ֮ϰ֮սȫͬĸϰԵٶȵ˶٣ʤĹؼѧʽ֮ʤ
ؼȫһˣؼӸӣķԡ似ԼսǻۡķӾսָĿ֮ˣ似ĺûǿЩսǻۺս鴮ġ
ͩһ߿䱦һ߸ͩ⣬ͩøӷȷ
һѧУĿγʽʼˡûʲôѧҲûʲôΡһƽֽյؿʼһֵĽѧ;
ͩѧϰ֮УͨȫϢͬѧϰһʦϰĶ
ͩҪѧϰѧϳѧ·ѧѧӡѧ·ѧ󷨼ҪѧϰЩѧϰ졣
񶷷棬ʦͨķɡȻ󽲽ķ֮Ҫ㡢עͽɡžǡʦͨ󣬲Żὲ
ͬʱͩ˽⵽ѧУķ似𣬰ЧʺĲͬΪ㼶졢ءơ
ߣƼ͡ÿһ㼶ַΪĸ׶Σסнס߽ססѧУ̵ġɡķ͡ڻƼ׹
Ӷһ¼ϵļֵʮ幱׵ġܺƼ׵ķֵһǧ׵ġ鹦׹
ͩԼĹǲҪȥѧϰķ˽һ¾ˣڡͩһϰ
ڿʼϿεĵ죬ͩͻ˴һƿضɣҲɡ
Ϊһٶȳ㣬ɼǷϱѧУϱѧ㽱ܼͩΪȹ֮ѵ
ѧ㣿ͩʵ
ΪͬٶȵӸӦĽһضߵѧʮߵѧ10е²Ǳ㣬ѧʮÿһ3170ش
ţðɣϱɡͩѧ㲻أҶһǺãͩʵ̫ˣ᲻Ӷṱ׵һҡ
ǵģˡһܼҵ𣺡Ѿ·ϲˡ
ͩһ鿴ȻѧУʻ϶ʮѧ㡣
֪ͩǣϱ֮󲻾ãѧУһ꼶ڣͩһ꼶ѧͩͻƴضֳ㣬ʮѧ㡣гѧУѧ֮УɸԵܼת
ͩһӾһ꼶֮Уˡ
һ꼶һѧ˲˴֮໥ʶҶʣͩ˭


59  
ܿ¾͹ȥˣͩ¹ޱȵĳʵѧϰ֮УѧϰŸ֪ʶûпγ̻ûԼȤѡ޿ʱͩͻǰͼݿ顣ѧУɶҪѧ㣬ͼݿɲˣһ1ѧ㡣Էһ1ѧ㡣Զ٣һ궼1ѧ㣬е͵ζͲžǰ1ѧ㣬ҪѧԼѡ
ͩٴδͨʮѨλﵽ˴ض壬ʱܹͻƣֻͩ¶ûаѾϣǷո֪ʶ棬ѧУ֪ʶԼ崫е֪ʶ
֪ͩʶĺ֮У԰ΡͼݡһߣԷҲǽ͵ԡ
һ죬ͩڳԷһ߳һ˼ĳϳɲʽ
ˣȽУϰ˵㰴ʱ10Ųٳϡ3170ͻȻ֪ͨ
ʲôǼȣͩʵ
ѧУÿ¶һνᣬʱѧǰѧƿˣͨͻõӦѧ֣ǰѧ֣ԸһѧϰµݡоǱˣ߽õѧ㽱
֮ͩһʵ˵ˣĿ俼ĵؿ룬ľͲˣμӡ
ĵģͩ¿Ϊµʱ䣬ЩĿĻҲѧòˣҲڻͨˡģЩ鷳ˣͩûû취ֻһˡ
ѧУ̳֮Уǣʲôأ
Ҫ̳ǣЩͩ˵
ʱĳһ䣬䵽̨ǰǻϣһڷ棬еꪡ֡ܡᡭϰ֣ʤЩ̨еУóģеѧԼĹ̨Ǹ꼶ѧ֮󣬲תУԼó
ͩϸȥ
͵ϵƽƷͨһǧ鵶ɣƷֽϣԴͷסۼۣʮѧ㡣
ꪣˮϵƽƷͨ·ʡ30ɴСԴˮɽۼۣʮѧ㡣
ϵƽƷǧٽǿ屶Դۼۣʮѧ㡣

࣬ʤǼǮȴһĹ󰡣һǿֻƷѡ͵ꪵƷġЩǸһЩıƶɣƷһЩ
ѧУֻܿƷģƷϵľûˡ
Ʒ͵ɽʡ50ģԴǰܹʹãҪ㹻Ĺˡ
ʵԼõģͩǴԼһɽڵԶŷɽϧͩû£˼ôء
ⲻͩһɽáһѧĹ̨ϣһѽ
潣ϵ磬ɽֱ仯̬Դ񡢼١ۼ۶ʮѧ㡣
𿴴ʵǸǿԶȲϴʽ
ͩϰѧˣСʱһ˾Ͱѽ͵ͩſڡ
λѧܣĻˣ֮ǩ֡һЦݵ˵ҽм֮ԺѧҪĻӭҵĹ̨
ѧǼ꼶ģУˣͩһ·ɽһ߼һʵ
꼶ģУʮ꣬ʦʸ֤ģԹأͯ۰֮ǳУİɣ
ǵģѧô֪ͩʵ
Ǻǣܼ򵥰Ƭͦ࣬İʮˣѧ֪һУʱǶ𣿡֮ѻһգҲûߣֱ
֪Ըꡣͩһʵ
ɣһֻһٶˣڰ˳ҵֻвʮˣ;Уռ߳ɣжʮѧУҸ㰡ѧܣΪؼģҰɣУʮ꣬߼˳ؽ꼶꼶ʮֻһʮˡ֮ĳ˵
ʮꣿǣΪʲôѧУѧأͩʵ
Ҳû£Уأѧ֣ʵѧõģʮѧ֣Ŭһ㣬ܹùѵĻ϶꼶֮Ҫ׵꼶̭һҪˢˡ꼶֮󣬾Ͳһһ̭ˣʵ֣һ׵ı֮Уʮ˾б̭ΣˡʦĻǻϾͻᱻ̭ˣְҵʦῼ˸ÿĿɼнĻ¡ϵ꼶֮꼶꼶ʮ꿼һˡ꼶꼶ʮ꿼һΡ֮٩٩̸


60  Ȼ᳡
ͩ˻Ȼص˵ͷ룬ŶؼΪŸ㼶ÿһ㼶Ľסͩģÿ˶ͩĻԵ
ؼϵԪôԪ㻨һѧϰҲӳΪĽ֮⣬޿ĿĳɼʵѧУ˵ֻҪܹˡ
ʵѧϰ졢ҩơоЩĿϵ֪ʶÿ˶ȡúóɼؼڶʵϣͻ츳ϵĲࡣѧУǿÿһѧ˶Ϊʦˮ׼ֻҪ죬˳ȥ֮󣬿Խ˾칤ֻÿѧΪѧУصġ
ʼҸߵѧԺķԺϵĿľ㹻ռʦʦȻ͵һȥ졣
ͩһӾͷˣΪѾﵽ꼶ı׼ֻҪѧ㹻ʱ꼶ȥѧϰ֪ʶ
ˣˣҸˣСѧܡ֮˵վ͸뿪ˡ
ͩɲˣϽ˵ѧϵʽԺп߶߶֮Ҳһλʦרҵģʦʸֳ֤ɵġרҡԺԼҪǶߵʱ򣬲֮ġ
ҲãԺҪߣɵչҵĹ̨֮˵ѶͩҼͩѶ롣
ͩ潣ȥϰˡԾӡ֮󣬾ܹʹáͩϰ˰죬ܹزʵͩμرսʱ򣬾ͷǳĽʦ֣ٿص۶ܣʮ˴ޣǳ濴ȥȷʵǳ𺳡
ǵͩΪʦ֮֮ͩ͸о۶ܲʺԼƽһ֮֮һʺͽᵤΪʹáʽֱΪ׺ͮϼϼεϼ졢һ
ͩϰеĵһʽ׺ͮϼһʽܹʮ׵ķΧʹã˲Ϣһר
ڶʽϼεĹףͬ佣ټ죬һĵʽϼʽ֮ΨһһʽȺ幥һʽһǿˣϰʱ֮⣬ȡ׼̽ȡ
أڣͨ
ָͩһһ󴦷𣬻ΪһɫϼֱϮǰ
һʯУݺܿʾˣǿȴﵽǵĹ
Ҫ˵һ£֮еʯַ죬ӵǿĿʯֻ͵εĲԹߣֵܹסռĹռĳ湥Ϊ׼Ϊ߸Ǽ
һǵڴؼĹΧǵռķΧǾռĹˡ
ٶȶ̫Ԫͩ̾
ʦĹľΪΪͩȴԪΪΪ
ͩôѧУѧġʹķʽ֮Ĺֻһˮ׼
ݸǿﵽġ
ܿ켸͹ȥˡ
ܼͩһͽٳϡ
ͩٳһƣŷ֣ԭһ꼶İٶλǰһٶһ߰ҡ
̵λԵεѧڼȡ
ʮŲٳǳĴ󣬱ͩڵĶԺУĲٳҪ󼸷֡߰ٶվڲٳԵ÷ǳտ
ѧڵļȿʼһǼȱˡԭѧڼȣö֮ģһȴһηǳ˵ŴѾµˣҪУͩͬѧѧУ¼ߵıѧУһȹУ۾·ѧΪƼ¼ͩͬѧ̨һӭ
žžž۹Ƶô뷨˶ǳ棬ͩ˭һλУͽţ˰
ձ˵ǽΪǿߵģĽǶʼɣһ
ͩһ£漴˴ϯ̨
Ըͩ䷢˽£ҹģСӣǰǱǿģֵԽãýͶ࣡㲻Ҫ˵۹⣬ҲҪһصӰ죬ΨһĿľѧϰ֪ʶǿʵΪѧ㲻ãУŸʽ𡣡
ڣͩͬѧѧʮ֮󣬾ͽ꼶Իȵ㡣δ
Ȼرǰǣͻƴضᱻѧ


61  ѧʮ
һѧһĽΪÿֻʮʮõʮѧĽͩӲñȾܵõʮѧ㣬ɰһѧˡ
ѧ㣬ԴԴǽԴȪ㹻ԴһͷҲƽ񼶱𣬵ȻһͷԴྫӢˡ
ѧУһ꼶߰ٶѧǣÿ˼ﶼҲᣬʮһһǧѧġѧĻãǿǲ꼶һ㣬ӵһŹȥգȡѧ㡣͵꼶ѧѧķʽǿԺͿԼ꼶ͨЩ;ѧУĴѧ㡣
ͩһһͻٶѧĽԴϾ˺֮Ĳ࣬Խ棬ĲֻԽ
ͨζѧУƶȺԴҪԵĽ⣬ѧҪԣͬʱҲĸӻȥμȡ
ͩһˣѧУ͵ʹѧУҪԴֻнϵĸߵܴﵽĿġ
һ͹ȥˣͩصᣬΪòμȵȣͩҪȥٳѧϰϢ
Ƚˣһȣͩ⣬ŸȥˡʵʶѧУ֮еľͬС
ֹ֮ͩ㲻Ŀͩ˵ǳĳԣÿѧϰϾʱҲԿš
ܿ죬һȹȥˡͩΪѾﵽؼ壬ʱͻơľ֪ʶϵѧϰоѾѧòˣʱԽѧֿˡ
ͩڿţҪҪͻƹȥΪһ꼶ĵλ⣬Ϊһ꼶֮ߵģȵȣûĻֻȡǶʮѧ㰡
ûϢЩ˱ʲôʮѧܶ𣿡䱦ӵ
ͩʱһ룬Ҳ԰Щһ꼶Ĳ˷ʱ䣬ֵ̫ˣԼҪ׬Һ͹׵㣬ȡΪĸ˹ѡ
ͩɴУ룬ѧֿˡ
ܿ죬ѧУǱ߾ʹϢʮӺԵѧ¥һſҡ
ÿ찡ͩ̾ʱЬӣĦгˡ
ѧУ˽ѧ¥ʹ֮⣬ǶʮٳһϵĲٳб̨ĵطΪ䳡ʦѧ׬ȡѧĵطΪʦʦְͨҵѧϰո߳ܣԼ׬ȡѧ㡣ʦĴڣսϣǳѧϰһЩ·֪ʶ֮⣬󲿷ֵʱ䶼սϵĴ
ÿ꼶ԼĶ䳡ͬʱҲרŵĶ
ѧУ֮Уǧѧ֮Уʦռ߳ɣΪʲô߳ɶǾųɾأΪʼҸߵѧԺʦû޶ģʦֻӢһܽ޵ġ
Ϊʦڶ࣬ѧϰְҵʦǲٺãûҲǰ״
ʦǸ߹ģ䳡ߣе㽾ʦ϶ȥȥ䳡ʦϰսȡýᱻֻ̭ٲʦ᳤ڶⲿûѧϰְҵ츳Ȥϲר񶷵ıʦ
ͩ˿ԵĵطȻǽ̵Σ࿼óͩѾõλεرעˡ
Сӣܰ˾Ҫ徢ʮ㣬ǰϣս꼶ȥ꼶ѧ㽱һ꼶꼶һ꼶ܸĽܿεٸһ㣡γϿѵ˵ͬʱҲȨһ
ͩ漴ͿʼܸĿĿˣͩѧϰ죬ֽ׶ѧĶһЩ֪ʶҪԣԽչ൱˳Ҳǳؿ졣ʮСʱͿзֿơ
֮˵ģʮѧֺܼ򵥣Ŭһ㣬ܹ㶨ѧһǲͱϳģѧУһڡڣϽȵѧͻᱻϳѧУɾԹУˡ
ڶ죬ͩյУ֪ͨʮѧּˣԽ꼶
ͩҲͬУĽ顣
һ꼶ѧһյ֪ͨͩͬѧڽѧϰ񣬳ɹ꼶ΪǷУ꼶УͩͬѧѧĽһ꼶ѧǣŬΪһ꼶ˡ
꼶յһͬݵ֪ͨһ꼶ͩ꼶ش֪ͨ
һ꼶ѧյ֪ͨ׼ģΪͩڽУþͻƵضмĲ࣬Ҳϲϵġһ꼶ǻв̬


62  
꼶ЩԾһѧŰѣͽ꼶ʲôٶȣ
𾪹𾪣󲿷˶ΪͩУ֮ǰ͵һ壬ܹڰͻƵضǣͩȷʵڶ꼶֪֮ˡ
У꣬ͩ߰ٶλͬ꼶ͬѧһСľ롣СһСĲܹ࣬϶λΪһ۵Сʼġ
꼶ѧϰӽţΪǿûˣҪȡýȻˣͩԾƽ꼶ѧ˵ʱӳ档꼶ĲҪ֮ڽ꼶ͩоʱԻӻ
ܵ˵ʼҸߵѧԺѧУһ̿ʼѧУҪǣҪھ֮ڽ꼶ʮ֮ڽ꼶
ͩ꼶֮󣬽Ӵһ꼶֪ʶķ棬ڵĲǻƼ׵ġɡǻ˻Ƽн׵ġԪǡɡ棬ٶȻ졣似ȵȵĽһ
ͩ룬꼶᲻ѽڵһĻ˾꼶Ǵڵǵؼķ似
ţܣ߼ķȻӢεǿȥ͵εķǸЩûжǱȥɡ
ͩľӢʽǷǳͬġ
ʱһΣֹȥ¡
ˣ꼶ȣľźŲٳУԿʼ׼ˡܼǰ֪ͨ
ͩˣ룬ôˣţ̫һЩͩµǳػûжðƷʯÿճһֱƿϣԪϵĴĥǳʵ
£ͩѧϰѧһµĿĿȥˣһ꼶꼶׶Σ֪ʶѧϰ꼶ʮѧϰʱ䣬֮⣬Ҫѧϰǳ˵ۣΪЩ֪ʶĸڣľӢѧġ
ͩ˰꣬һ꼶Ŀγ̡ڴ˻ϣ꼶ֻ֮¾˶꼶Ŀγ̡
ţԭˣȷʵҪȴӶЩؽ鼮Ҫöࡣͩ̾
ѧѧƣòݣ沨֪ʶûһ꼶ǰ֪ʶϵ֪ȥͩǰЩ鼮ѧʮƬ档
ѧУ֮ͩŷԼ̫Զ쿴̫ˣѧϰѧ֪ʶϣͩˡѧ£
ͩеġȷʵޱȵ£ȴ֮ҲӦһЩ۽ܣȴûȥʹ䱦֪֮ͩԶ֮עԺ츳ѷ㣬ȻԼЩȥƷĹУȥİڣϴĳ˵Զ֮Ҳһķ֪֮ʶ
ִ˲Ϊأǰ֪ܽʶѧУ֮ȾһǳʵĻԺ츳УҲԴ߹˵ҵһв츳ʦǷԼʹ̽ʹ¡
ֻȶԣԶ֮ͲӰȷʵǷǳλģȴкܴһʦ·ߵ۷壬شִͨʦ·۷ļûУҲֻоƷ
֣߾ƷһƷƷǸϰʹõģƷƷǴؼʹõġƷƷǸռǿʹõģƷƷǸǿװģƷʥ򼶱ǿߵĻװƷǸ񼶱ʹõģƷߵͼʹõǿˣڴ֮أ
ص߿ƼҲܵ˺ܴԼеͲε߿ƼչǳѸͣ˲ε߿Ƽ
ͩѧУͼݵ֮Ҳ֣Щ߼ߣõʲôأ
ִ߿ƼԶ֮ķƼĳЩ̶һµģоҲ˶٣ڽʽϵĲͬˡԼרźȫŵĲͬҲѹ֣չֹԽԽȷҲֳ򣬷ΪߡսߡߵȵȣĽȫűרţΪӦת䡣
ⲻǴһŵͩǰĵϣǷǳȷһֽʽϾϵޣֻвꡣǷŵ˵൱ĳ׿ԪԪˣѧϰʱҲͳˣͩȫűרŸ㣬ӦȫźרŵֽС


63  ͻͻ
ڵѧϰϲ쵼ƺҲʶһ㣬ڵĽʽҲñǰӿһЩ
˵ͩڵרҵǰǷΪרҵںΪһרҵٷˣһֽ
ͩѧϰѧָۣŲʹͩһǳѸ٣˶Ա֮Զ֮еġִеѧԼʶ͸
ִ߷ΪƷ֮еķҲΪ󼶱
һ󼶱𣬾ͽзöˣǸ֮ǰеͽձʹõģԶʱķּģеķƷܸߣЧȴһ㡣еķƷһ㣬ɱȴ൱
ڶ󼶱𣬽鱦鱦֮Уͨ鱦ͨ鱦֮鱦֮еķּҲ൱ģͨ鱦϶ͨ鱦Ҫǿ
󼶱𣬽ɱԶ֮ǿĹؼڣݴɱԶ֮汾Դ鱦ĹɺͳͶƳǿƼᾧ
챦֮⣬һ࣬鱦ݴ汾Դܣд౦Ϊϡ١
꼶ļڼͩͷϣȥμ꼶СС֡ûдͩ꼶ļȾСС֣ͩڴѧ߰ٶ㣬㹻ϺһˣȻ꼶ļȣǰʮԵõʮѧĽȷʵǳˡҪȡЩѧ㣬ͩ˵
ܼͩʮƷʯתҡ
ͩѾ׹ΪҸ˲١ԭһֱѹΪͩһͻƵȥĻֿԲȥμ˷ʱļˡ
ͻһСƿͩ˵ֱˮһף׾ٵؾͰ쵽ˡ
ͩͨ˵ڰʮһѨλʽ̤СԪȪӿһ㣬ͣشӵ澭֮ѭתԪͨѨλ֮СԪɣҲɡ
ʱһζͩ׹˴Ϊ˳
ܼͩг֮й°˽٣ɼֳ㣬ǷϱУϱУѧ㽱
ͩشϱɡ
ѾϱѧУ·ϲˣѧ㽱90㡣3170㱨
ͬʱһ꼶Ͷ꼶ᶼյУ֪ͨ꼶ͩͻƴֳ㣬ʮѧ㡣ط֪ͨλѧԴΪ㡣
ֽ֪ͨѧУ鶼ĬϷŸͬ꼶꼶֪аЧӾмá
꼶꼶ƣǵһյУ֪ͨһյϢ̱ˣͩ˵ǰţ˵ѧУУΪͻƼ¼¸չСһﾹȻͻһһͻ˼¼
̵ܵҵ˻Ρ
Ϊ̵Σιܵ꼶꼶ΣУ͵һ֮⣬ĵģЩʱ䶼ǳС
ڻΰ칫ţϲʵ
ɣν˴ţƽףˣ㲻Ҫֶ꼶ļ㲻ȥæʲô
һͩһ꼶꼶𣿡˵
԰ôˣСһһǵãܲһСһͩˣ֮ɫҲͶѡ̵ΣҲˣѧöˡ
ոսˡ˵
ʲôô죿ҲЩˣ˵һͻƴضкܶ͡ǴӴضСӾȻֻ˰ʱ䣬Ͳܹ֮˵ͨˡ
ţҸյϢ͹ˡ˵ΣǷУǷֵһӰɲӰ
ãˣ黹ù۲۲졣һЩٵȼ˵ɣҪ·ģӱ·ɣļͲòμˡһ¾
õģˡϧôһӣϾͽ꼶ȥˣϷǼһ̾
٣ҿСҲ͵ְɣϷǱȥкСһ΢һ¡ͷ˵գͰƸϳ˰칫ҡ
ͩͻƣУӣ𾪵ĻҪһ꼶ѧ


64  ֮
һŽ꼶õȻǰж꼶˦˺棬ǿףͩΪﵽ˴ֻҪĿԺϸ񣬾˳ؽ꼶ҴﵽΪͳԽж꼶ѧ
ͩʲô˰
̬Ǳ̬ٶҲδ̫˰ɣ
꼶֮УЩ֮ܲǷռͩϣڿЩ֮Ҳò¸߰ͷ­ֽٶȲܱȵģУһ겻ͽֱ̬ʱȣǸԼ¡
һЩϲԵѧǣǰϢ෹̸ʣ֪䣬ͩԽԽˣһ꼶Ƕ꼶Ͽ֮ͩ꼶ȥˣв꼶ѧҲ˵ͩ
ˣ뵽ѧϰңУ㡣3170ͻȻ
õġͩѧϰңȫϢģʽ
εӰ֣ͩһ˵Сӣϲͻƴʲôʱ꼶
Ҳ֪꼶ԽߣԴķԽ࣬Ȱ㻹ǾҪڵ꼶ÿһѧ֮ʱУһĳɼ·õѧ㡣Ǵӵڶ꿪ʼġʱ꼶Խߣѧ㽱Խͣڶ꼶֮ʱҲֻܵõİѧ㣬꼶ʱͻһֵΪĽ죬ɼŻĽε˵ʵϣѧУԴٷ֮ʮڸ꼶
֮ͩȷʵм𺳣˵ͷˣҪʱѧϰۣʱʵǷ䲻
ٺٺ١Сӣҿ㲻òμӼȣʱܳɼܵڳ㣬ֻ㣬ҲȡȨΣλô꣬²ͩʲô⣿ѧУĽΧӢתѧѧУӵһЩȨ
лͨڡͩҲҪˡ
ˣˡξҪͨ
һȣΣҪ뿼ˡͩͻȻڵ
ˣѵѾѧ˶꼶֪ʶˣξȵ˵µʱѧѾ൱ؽˣΪ꼶֪ʶһ꼶ࡣѧϰ۵ͬʱҪΪֱûҲòĿ࿴ˡ
ܺãͨĽٴμӴһһᰲſԵġκݺݵصͷӦ
֪ͩµľǷѧϰϣϵҲֻôһʱ
ۿԣͩ׵ͨˡ
ͩͬѧɹ꼶ΪǷУ꼶УͩͬѧһǧѧĽһ꼶ѧǣŬΪһ꼶ˡ꼶ȵĵһһѧǸջصͽӵ֪ͨж꼶ѧסˡ
ڴͬʱ꼶Ҳͬյһ֪ͨ꼶ͩ꼶ش֪ͨ
꼶ѧУϣǸѧ֪ʶʵѾѧòˣľǷڽļ꼶ȥҪٱ̭ˡ
ļѶȱȴһҪһЩԶ֮Ļ֮УڶͻƵڡ
Դǣձ˵Ҫһ꼶ѧҪȵö࣬˵һ½ͬѧǶע⣬ǵȫͻϣеᣬѡͻƿ
꼶ѧȻѧϰۣȴµķѧѧרҵ֮УѵһѧơԶ꼶ѡŨ˵һѧֻҪԶͿˣһѧƽʦѧϰһһԣ꼶ѧѧҪ꼶ΨһҪͻƴļ
Ϊ˷ѧͻƿѧУĶ䳡ȫ濪Ÿѧ֮⣬뵽Ұ
꼶һſγ̾Ұѵγ̡Ⱥڳǳ֮Уǳ֮⣬޾磬ĵرչؿ޵һ̶֮󣬾ͱҪÿһǿ߶ǴʬɽѪ֮߳ġ
֮Уڳǳܹ֮Ĵؼϵĸʮޣĸƽڳ֮дšһ£Ƕѡ֮УΪѵԴԵ޾ߵ硣
Ǹ磬ûзˣֻʿ
ͩЩ֮һƷԼ½ʶȻԶеô򵥡
ѧУ֮Ҫ꼶·ЩϣҪΪѧһһʶ׼Լƿ޷ͻƣôʿײԵΨһķˡ


65  
֪ͩʶĺ֮Уܿһξ͹ȥ˾Ÿ¡ѧ꼶Ҫһѧƣͩר˴֮ãŽ꼶ҪҲһ֪ʶѧͨ
Ϊƣʵ淨һ֣ʿڲʱҪһ̺£ȻЩϵʵںϲ򣬶ʿڲʱӴıԴɡѷ򿴳һֳĻƾǳһζδ롣
ִЩ֮ΪѧԶ֮һָӳĲ֮Ϊ
дӡɵıʹ÷㣬Я޴ǳ˷֮⣬һָսͱĹߡ
ǷҲãҲգʵָĶͬһִڡ
ܹͨڲһʱѷѧһšҪˣͭǮڶӡ֮۹ܣ˵ȷһܹͩؿơ磬գ棬Էɵġ׵硢Բȱ±仯ļתȵһУܹеá
εķ֮󣬾һζηơ
һգ崫УѧھŸ֮ڣǿԽܵġ۾˴ľʯͩŸھõ߰ٶѧ㣬νʮַ
ͩҲضɲĴڣΪʹ֮УԼһǻ壬ԼĶʶȻɷɵġŶ÷һЩϰߣһרҵĴʣ
ÿһﶼɣҲ⡣ͩ⣬ҲܿһַơһָĹ̡ҲǸһַ
ͩΪ򣬡ѧĽٶȼ죬ͨʦѧϰֳɵķƲǺѡֻãҪ˵ƵıԴأҲҪʮϰĲúͲ򣬲ܿһ˿ƵıԴء
һ˿ԴأʹѾʼ˷֮·
ͩԴֻһ֮ң
ҵѧϰ֮зɳͩһؼյĸо
3170ڻжѧ㣿ͩʵ
ǧʮ㡣ܼ3170Żش
ôࣿͩǵ꣬Լõ˲ѧ㣬Ҫڿϡ
ǵģˣǰɼóĳɼµһУ·ѧ㡣ܼ3170ų
Ŷʱ죬һҽУҲһˡͩ̾绰ؼơ
˵ͩóԼġ֤ͨ˼ĴѶ
ӣѧУôԵÿɺã˯ÿɺãû۸㣿ЦòͨȫϢͩǰ֡
裬Һ㰡ͩܵĸ׵Ĺػ֮⡣
Ҳ㣬ԶӡΪ٣ҪŬϽΪ֮ˡĸӳ˵ȻͩѾʮˣҲı䲻ϣӸ㡣
ĸһСʱĵ绰Ž̸ͩģŬѧϰҪ׬ѵңȻ˹ѵøĸҲѷӳԪ
ͩǰҪĿ꣬ʲôǿ󡢱Ϊ֮ģǴҪġͩҪĻԽ80ľʣ㹻Դ͡¼ܹͩڰ֮ؾżȥ
ںڵСƿڴԴǰ㲻ʲôǣΣΪȥˣΪܻ˹ţԣͩռǿߣӶҪ˹ѵǷǳ׵ģҪ೤ʱ䣿ĸܵȴ೤ʱ䣿
ͩΨһеľ׬Ǯ׬ҡͩһ£Ҫܹ˰ڵңߺţʲôģҲ׼һǧҡ
ͩڵʲڶһ㣬׵ֻжʮ㡣ΪͩĽٶȼ죬Ӷ꿪ʼǧű׼ʯʮƷʯ
ͩҪ׬ǮѾŲľѧϵԭڡѧͩȻҲޣʵϣͩսʵڲôѧУж䳡սֶٳˡȻϰҰѵγ̣һϸʦͳˡ
УͩûǿԵҪôôǷɡһͩУ겻ʱ˶һ꼶ءͩ仹̫СˣУҲżͩȥҰѵγ̡ͩĽٶУӣͩһȨ


66  һζ
ͩѧһ꼶֪ʶ۶ѧòˣʣµľǶԡѧ˽ˣⲻѧУܹ̳ģֻпʦԺְҵԼȥˡ
ļؾż쿼˶ʵΪˡ
Ҫһʦķּˡ
ʲôʦܹƲƳߵˡѧϰѧʦ٣ܹΪʦȴࡣЩûⷽ츳ʦѧϰһ֪ʶҲֻܳΪ칤ʦ
ʦΪѧͽʦߴʦʦߴʦԼʦ
ܹƲһƷƷߵ˾ͿԱΪѧͽˡ˵칤Ҳˮƽģѧͽġ
ܹƲƷƷߵ˾ͿԱΪʦϵʦǱͨ칫˾ʽˣõְҵʸ֤ҲǼ֮˵ġʦʸ֤
ܹƲƷߵ˾ͿԳΪߴʦصҲ߱Ҫ顣ǰɻɣʵǷƵı֮һ鱾һȻǼ׵ܣҲҪԷƲ򵽿һ˿ԴزԣߴʦʵϾѾϷ֮·ĴڡִڣΪΣӢеľӢΪǴڳ֮·żϡ̤żȻһܹ·ܱżṳ̂˸ưɣ
ܹƲƷƷߵ˾ܳΪʦƷϵߺƷµߣ鶯֮⣬һܹ߱ӡؼ似
Ʒϵ߾ܹӵЩǡӡѧ֮мصһЩƿ¼ȥġǡӡѧ֮е֮вʲôܣʦҲʮ˽⡶ӡѧĵȼȱ㡣
ƷƷһҪ·ӡλãʹԼӡĶ似Ѷȱʱ¼ӡҪѵöࡣƷƷߣ伶־ڷӡλܹصȼĴСӡѧ֮мصƣȫǻƼµ˵͵ƽƷԴͷסͷǻƼн׵ġͩ潣ԴͼٶǻƼ׵ġ
ߴʦĻҪܹưƷƷߡʦûоĽˣֻһ仰ʦܹΪܣ
ȻֻһŵĻ֣Ϊÿ˶óȤڣеĶԡ·ѧӾͨƳߣĻĵļϾԵø졣еĶԡѧ̣ƳҲ鶯Ϸӡѧܹܸ߼еĶԡӡѧóƷƷ¿հ׷ӡλܹԼӡĶȵȡ
ЩƳӵиƷ߲ӵеĺôЩ߶֮ΪƷߣͬƷߺͭƽĸΡ
ͭƽĸεĻ֣Ӹ˵ԡѧ͡ϳѧĲֵġ˵ͨһ㣬Ǵߵʵغ;ֵģʵغ;ԽߣԽǿܹӡصҲԽǿ
죬һŷǳµרҵÿһŷѧƶޱҪֻѧÿһѧƣƳõߡ
ͩʼˣһʼͩûʹ̫ѶȵߣѡһƷƷ֡
ѧ㿪ʼһɴĲϡһƷƷߣҪ̫ĲϣһѧһѲ֡
ڣͩЩԼڲѧͺϳѧ⣬ǷǳģҲǾٲ˵ġһû㹻õʵأܸߵȥ
µ飬ͩ˼ټƷ֮ͣ֡
⼸ټƷߣֱͩӰһָȫѧУմ׬ѧ㡣ܵ˵ǿһЩ
ģʵ̫ˣԺѧУմˡͩޱƵشͩڲףΪʲôѧУ̵ôѧ̨ˣΪմ̫ˡͩ⣬ϾѧУṩԴܶ඼Ҳ򲻵ġѧУôȻҪеرմһرĵطȻѧУҲǿȥ褴ƸǣһԸһԸ
3170ҿһѧ̨𣿡ͩʵ
ȻԣѧУ涨ֻõְҵʸ֤ʦԼѧ̨3170Żش
ͩˣ˵ͷְҵʸ֤ԣⲢѣͩȴоԼ̫ǿˡһƷƷƣõְҵʸ֤
ţЩίУͩ˵
ǣˡ3170һ䣬һĻƾճͩǰһίеӳ档


67  ʸ֤
϶ѧУϵίУΪѧУвٵʦͲֹӦˡ
ʵϣѧУʦʦ࣡ѧУ̨̳ϵѡ񣬿ǽսȴǺټģΪЩһڳͻᱻߡ˵ʦԱѡҪߣرЩѧУʦ۹ҪԶԶЩʦߵöࡣԣǴѡίУʦԼĽս
ͩί֮һϸԱһΪʲôսˡΪʵ̫ˣʦǻûʲô׬ͷҪﵽίҪʵ̫˷Ѿˡ
˵һίҪһƷƽ𼶽սǹǹߴ磬ԣӡΪȼǹҪǺѣǼǮֻʮѧ㡣ͩˣΪͩе潣ֻǰģǻ˶ʮѧġԱȣһӾʾͽսˡ
ȻҲиѧĹҵίСƷ֮УߵһʮѧһŻ󵶣ҪɾˡҪܹӡԼĻƼ߽似ʡ20ϡ
ĵıɱǻƽ𼶵ĳǹҪˣҪʦ·ѧм裬ҲͰˣҪӡԼ似ⲻΪ
ӡãΪӡѧֳɵķƿӡ֮ӡ似Ҫڡӡѧӵ൱ʵĹףﵽҪֻҪѧˮƽ꣬ԺƷƷ߾ûɶˡ
ȻƷƷߣΪ飬ʱɾϷӡ似Ȼ·ӡµ似
ƷҲܹӡ似ҪҲ͵ö࣬ӡ֮ôڣɾ
ŶˣһҪ˵һ¡ƷϵߣΪʵغ⣬ߵΪһҪ⣬ƷµߣϾǴؼʦҲܹƳ
Ϊִʦоܵ߳ԼΪ֮
ͩһίУѧĲϣʼԼһƷƽ𼶽սĸɴͰǼǹơ
ͩңһȥ졣
ͩһ˳ǹ˳һǱӡе˷֮ɫβסġ
ǸҪߴ硢ʵΪƷƽ𼶵ĳǹѾƳˡ
ͩƵϵĵһߡ֮ǰƵЩһƷߣǶõߣʽƷֻ߲ϵߡ
ƳǳɱȴߵˣͩǹǰʧΣǻԵʧܣһƳɰˣӡֻһ֮֡һ仰ˡ
ͩΪʲôսˣΪˣûʧʵĻ󱾡
ƳˣͩûʸίУҲûʸ̨ƳĻƷ޷ϼܡ
3170ʸ֤ˡͩɴֱ뿼һ֤ʼ׬Ǯơ
һ뿼ԵĻᣬȷҪ𣿡3170ʽʵ
ȷͩͷӦ
֡ѾȺظ3170ش
һ3170𣺡յ֪ͨ㽫ں絽̵μӿԡ
ͩңһ״̬ۣۿգؾ򹹳ɡͩ˽ҵľ磬ĵزŷ֮
һӣ۵ĹЧʧˡٹһСʱͩŴ붨˹̾˷һ򡣡
ԴӰǰżȻƵһ˿Դ֮ͩоԼǰһЩ仯Ժ󣬿߰˴ۣһⶼһ
ˣҪ侲۲ܵģܹһ˿ıԵΪ̫Ҫڴ˻ٽһڻǲܵģҪǳٳԿΪҲԿʼϰƷˡ䱦ʱ򿪿ѵ
ͩգѸٵ侲ɴϢˣȥ˯һ˵
죬ͩſ̵߷ȥ
ʱ䣬ͩʹӿ֮ͦص˳ؿڴһöѫʽʦʸ֤
ڳΪһʦˣͩĵشЦСʱѾˣͩĿ׬׵㣬֮Ҫǿ
֪ͩԼڻڡֱڡʿ߲֮Уײ㡣
õʦְҵʸ֤Ա֤ͩѧУ棬ʮڿԱ֡㡱ˡ
ΪѧУְҵʸ֤ʦѧ֮ĵʮɵġֻͩҡΪˣδϲַѧ㡣


68  ԼĹ̨
ͩʮ겻ĸ׵䲻ʮͩʮúôԼļˮƽȲԼΪ
ͩٶ㹻Դ£ٶʮѸٵġһ൱ؼʱڣ׶Σ̻ģäĿΪٶȣֻɱǱͩΪʶһ㣬ԲŰΪڴ
һȡʦʸ֤ͩʮĻڣ׶ΣͩתԪתԪǡ¼֮У֮һתļŹЧǽԪѹŴΣõԪѹȥԪԴ
Źǡ¼ָ֮޹֮ҲЧضڿһת͵ڶת¼֮г޵ġľ֮⣬жָ޹ЩþǼǿ޹Ĳص㣬˵תԪǿԪȺǿȣΪת»ٱ˵̫Ϲ뾭й⾻Ϊĸ
ͩڲڣԿʼתԪǰת֮󣬽ᵤļԭл֮ɡ
ͩõĴк˼񵽵ż֮ģȫͬĴиϵͳȷָУ̵ȵȡ
ҪתԪҪԪҪʱ䡣
ͩõʸֱ֤֮ӰԼĹ̨ˣȻǸ˳ǹίУί֮ͨѧУĴֱӴ˹ȥ
ͩһٶƷʯңһ¡ºͩӵشˡתԪһתѾɣԺһٷԪԶΪһһתԪͩµĿޣֱĵһٶƷʯƴֱʣҪΪһٶƷʯܹͩΪθߵ弶ϡ
ͩǼʶԶŹǿ֮ˣתһתһٻһڶתڵһתĻ֮ٴһٻһ
ͩҪǰѵڶתɹԴҪԭлһ򱶣ȻͩԴĵĻϡʵϣͩΪʺ͹ԭԴѾ˵ٰ˰ٱϣ
ͬĴһֻͩ˼Ʒʯضһ꼶ŨǧƷʯҲδܹض
ܵ˵Ȼһ򱶿ȥʮֺˣʵֻǰͩԴĳ̶ȺͨĴؼߵľʮҡͩٶ̫죬Դıȳ˵˰˰ٱϣȵߵĲ֮󣬱ȻһЩҪ鷳
Ŀǰ˵һ򱶵ԴӦԼֲ֧˵ģֻάڵһתˡ
ͩ׾άڵһתԼٶȻżģԭ˵Ҫõöࡣ
ͩһر;еˣ̫ߵ˲á
Ҫά㹻ԴҪ׬Ǯı¡ͩ˵һת֮󣬾ͲٳʱıչˣֻÿճʱΣСʱʣµʱ䣬˳Է֮⣬Ѿоϡ
߻ƷҪһԪͬʱҲΪ߶Ԫͻľ׼ƿء
ƿصòͻʧܻɴƷ
ͩΪǿΪбꡣԣƿؾ˵൱ƵġͩԪ֮ǰ˰ٱԪƿغ͵ϸӵӦ֡
ͩȫĵרԼ裬ȴǷƱãǵĴ岻֪Ϊʲôԭ໥
еͨ˺ɢ˵ЩӰ첻ǵǶڴ󲿷ĴϷչСӿɾѹඡ
ڳΪͼѹţĶֻǾڲҵҵϵĶϻһЩƺеӰľ沢󡣿ڳ֮⣬رҰʿ֮⣬ĶѾչΪȻĻƴ
ֻĴҲǧϵʷˣۺӴĶȥʧСʵԶ˽ǵĳ̶ȡӦûʮ꣬˫ΪĳЩضЭ
ͩ˵Щ̫ԶˣҪȥᣬʱͨ绰죬Ҳǵɰ
ʱһξ͹ȥһ࣬ͩΪͣڴ壬ֻϵĽȴǼ
һͩ˼ʮίУӿֳɱһͩƾҲѵһЩ
һͩоԼʵڹ̫ʵˣΪϣȥûжʵȴǽ٣Ԫ˺͵ϣܹͩĵ⵽Ԫ
ػˮ֮෨ܹͩʹúһһͷųܹͩͱ⣬ͷΪһֻԲһֻè


69  п
֮ʱܹͩԸоԼĽǰԼʱ̫Ӳȫﲻڵͩ˿ֱˡ
ΪףҪˣЩͨͱ̭ˡг˶ƿҪ󼫸⣬Ҫϵľȷȡһ½ʦûʮʮʮĿޣС
ͩᴢֿɵѧУȫϢۻ̨ϵԽԽ࣬ƷԽԽãҲһС
ͩĹ̨ĶһЩսʦ֮УӵвٵĿͻЩ඼㴵Ҵġ
ʦڶ࣬гȻӴȻ󲻸ߣǱټϣͩʱίУȻȻؾˡ
ΪͩĶӲṩͻţҪԼȡͨƷֱӴ͡
һȥģͩҲʶ˲ѣ꼶ĶһЩ˽ݡ
ԭѧУȫʽģѧУжദ󣬿ͨһЩҰʿУ꼶ϵʦְҵѧʱ䶼ѧУѡ̽գѰҰԴ
ˣпá3170
ͩˣһ䣺Űɡߵء
ͩѧܣˡһˬɤŵŷ֮д˽漴žͱˡһ׾ŵ׳˽
ѧѧɡͩ΢Цк
ˣѧܣĳ±ػһ䡣
ȴԸ߽Ҳû£ʵͩѧܣѧУһĵһʦߣȥƷ
ðɡλѧɡͩûоܾλѧͷɲС˵ҵӳʵҪͩȱľһͩҲڿؽʶһЩ꼶ѧߵʦͩҲһЩʦ໥֮ҲϽΡ
ֿ֮УȫϢģһ̵̨̨ϰڷżʮͬʽıΪ󷨼ҪͩûпʼƷϲ̫óΪϵĽóƱ
˰ڹ̨ϵı֮⣬ﻹмӣŴ󿪣ҲѷŲٸֱ
ͳ±ȻҲͨȫϢģ񣬿̨ϵɱϾûʵ
ǿ𣿡òʵ
ȻԡͩЦЦ˵ιۣȥȡѧƵս
ԡ¶˶ϲ֮ˣͩϵıų϶ǽսȫǻƽ𼶵ʵأ
ףǡƼ䴦ӣŲٱóƣϸӡ
ڴʱͩһս˵ѧ飬㶩սƷƽ𼶣ٹ޽ṹ仯ɽʡ20Դ
ϲؽ˹˵ȥһ£
룡ͩսʩչһǿޱȵĵһɫŵתһʯϡ
ȼǣ
岻ǴȴǴ˴ضĹ֪սǿ֮ˡ
ͩǰҲѩ׵ȶԣϰĵڴؼ似ǰһĲֵ
ãõ±һԿ÷ɵÿڳ޵
⻹öѧʵͩǫ
ţлͩѧΪҴսҷǳϲУҲʮˣӵһѳıˡ̾
ѧ⻰ô˵ʵ̧̫Сˣѧļѵȱٱ𣿡ͩʵ
ѧ֪ԱһЩȡʤʵֱˡҲϲĳеҲһƷߴƷؼݳޡƵ˵
ŶѧѧУô꣬ôѧһأͩʵ
ѧ֪ѧУѧϰѧҲˣõʸ֤Ĳ࣬ЩѧǴԸŹ֣Ҫ̫ߣĳʵǸ𰡡̾
ѧܳѧУʦĿദÿѧУѧʦ֮һ˵ÿһʮҵѧԼöοóˡʦѧУǲԴ԰ĵشѧУרѧϰѧʦʸ֤ģǸͣòѧ㲻֮д󲿷ҪѧɶޣѰԼĻԵ±˵
ѽҪ֪֮УȻԴḻȡ֮ΣմҪٸ֣ҪӦԸ˻ѧУ֮УвٸɱţĴɱ˶ᱦ֮УҲǰ̾


70  ȫ
ôΣգͩȵʵ
ԣôΣգͩѧܻûȥϹҰѵΰɣʵ
ǵġͩͷӦ
ԿǳʱȥϼҰѵΡ±˵һֿγ̶ɻ࣬㲻ȥһ֮еΣգԶҲõһʲôĸо
ͩʵǿĻҲԿԼжġ
ͩͷʾˡ
ˣȲҪ˵ЩɨµĻˣղڸڣ⵽䴦ļװŲٵƷߣӣƷʲ֪ѧδͻȻʵ
Щ߶֮ʱƷ½ĴƷҪȥ̸װͩҡҡͷ̾
ͩѧ̫ǫˣҿ֪ûгֵıһ䡣
ǣ֮УܹģҲٰͩ˵ûдսҪȻûЩƷҪ󱾵ġͩѶûдȥڿ󻯵ǡ
ͩѧȥô򵥣֪ʽĽս򡣡±ѵ
ǣʵҼ֮Ҳвᣬر쾧ɽķ֮УıܻӭˡͩѧܲĻȫң߷ŵҼҵȥ忪˵
ͩһȻѧУ֮УֻоƷĽսóȥ⻹ҪǵѧǵѧǲһЩϾʦ˵ġʦҪҵö࣬ǵӴҪȻСĶһЩʽߡ
ʲôʽߣʵЩ߹͹˾ͨ߹ߣЩװȥǳزʵһ㣬ǺƷʵģƷƷҲʹﵽͭ
ͨרҵʦֹƳߣҲǰԣûдʧܱ֮⣬ĳƷҲǰͩνĴƷȫǰƷ߱
ѧУֵֻѧ㣬õȥֵɷϡ·ĻԷϡ⻹ֻǰĴƷƽ𼶵ƷʸӰ
ҪͩѧǷŵùˡ΢Ц˵
ôŲѧأҲգͷѧ°Щ˰ɡͩ˳˵
һԸһԸȻܿʹЭ飬Щıѡʮ֮еļƷɫٴӹ̨ϵƷƽ𼶱֮óѹƷʣµİȫõҡ
һõĻǮһǧҵǧҲȡ
ƽ𼶿ɾ͹ˣҲǧĵ׼ۡһҲˡϡΪûа취ġ
ʵϣĻѧУսļǮô棬սƽ𼶱ԶԶȻƽܻӭһЩеʱʱ򻹻߼֡
ûа취ȫгġ
ʮƷܼʮǧңͩĲƸһӾͱʮ֮ࡣһʮƷûн㣬ͬѾǩˡ
ͩѧܣ졣Ժ⣬ңּ۳۶ԡǮ൱ˬ졣ʵЩǮǼʽΪ忪սȱڷǳĴ󣬲ǼҪҺõƷ߼Է⡣
ֻʼҸߵѧԺ֮еʦ඼ԼĺͩðʦȻᱻ£
ǽˮ¥̨ȵ°ˡ
ˣǾʹ˸ˣ롣⣬ͳ±лͩ͡
ͩţص룬ѹѧУ̳սôˣԭֻΪǮԭ򣬶Ϊս󣬴Щ˼
ͩҲɴ˽սƽ̨ˣʣµЩƽͲˣҪҲˡԺĽսȫõȥֱӳ۸塣
ʻϵ˶ʮڰǧ׬Ǯʵ̫ˣӦ˵ʦ׬Ǯʵ̫ˡƷѾ֮ˣҪǻƷƷƷĻ
ϣǰͩѾĿ֮ڲԶˡ
ŽټƷͨѧУĴȥ쾧ɽУڷ֮ҵԼĲҵ
̨һ˵ƹ񿴵ӰæеĻӭ˹ȥʺӣˡ
𣿡嵭ʵ
ү¥ϣ롣ƹĹϲػش
æİɣԼȥˡ˵գ˶¥
ﴦ쾧ɽеĵشҵǳ٣ֵϢҲ֮ȥ


71  
ԼұеĶ¥һˬ˳
ôˣ㲻ӦѧУ𣿡Էɻֵʵ
壬ѧУʶһλðͷʦǶ˽ټưɡмƷóһָݸԷɻ˵
ŶԷɻԴϲӹָϸһƣȷʵв಻Ʒ
ϸͲ֮Էɻ¶Եϲɫ˵ܺãǳãλʦƷȻû̫㣬ƷȷʵЩƷ൱㣬óʦ츳ܰǼ𣿡
²УѾ̽˺öˣѾȷܾˡðͷʦȷʵǳҵսִ졣óԼս˹ȥ
ףӴ˵ȷ򵥣ĵıһʦƲġԷɻȵ˵
Ҫ˵ĳƷʻƽ֮⣬ҪЧΣ˵ս֮УʵõĪڼĵˣҪƳԵıҪʦڶԡ·ѧ㹻ܹ֮⣬һҪʵĪԴˡ·ѧѧģһʦ¹ȥУܹɾ͵ġǡӡѧ͡ѧͲһˣһʦԸ¹ȥоһܹɾ͵ģѧҪǶԷĸ̶ȡ
ƼҲͰˣʹӣؼϵ˲ѣԴֵȼһսʱҪʹôطֻ˲ͼƻж
ͬʱҲֻжԡѧ˽⣬Ʒϵߣֻһֱʦ׶Σﲻߴʦˮƽ
ͩʵǡ·ѧǡӡѧ͡ѧ
ֻƷƷʵѳϵΪƷ꣬Ʒʲ㡣
ԣͩϰȵʲôʱͩʱƽƷʵļʴﵽ80ϵʱ򣬲ʸƵƷ֮еĳƷ
ЩƷߣȻǸԼƵġڵΪܹͩõֶֻзɽϡȻǴĻƼ
ͩҪľһԷӡķɽȿɱУҲͷеķ
£ͩͽӵ룬ͩȥμᡣ
ͩһ£ܾǰȴͨȫϢķʽεᡣ
ҪѧУͨҪУ룬ͩҵ˻룬ԼȨͨ룬ͨλеᡣҲҺڳоУҰⷻеĻͩû취ͨȫϢķʽˡΪҰ֮ⷻпͨͨӵ绰ȴûа취ΧȫϢͨ硣
Ὺʼˣͩĳ˲仯ͩ·һ֮С
ڴʱʦ̨֣ض˵ӭλУھĵһƷ
һŮһ첼סߵ̨ǰ̷̨ϡ
ˣϤеѶ֪еĹڲͬǻὫѹƷֱڿʼмͽβʱǵĵһѹƷʦ첼һڽ̽
֪ƳһʵҼƷ齣൱סƽ齣ǳһλ½ʦ֣֮ͨ屻ǣ˷ӳ֮⻹ԴһָƼ߽֮ķԴ̴κһƷսסһ൱ѵõƷ׼۰ǧңÿνм۲ʮҡʼʦ
ͩЩ⣬Ϊóļƽ֮һ벻һѹ
ѽ֮ͩƷʣǿֻܷӡһƼнͲˣͩԼĶַѻƼ߽ӡ˽ȥ˵ǳղؼֵʵüֵ
˲佫ϵϷüӳֵԴ̴ͬߡƷҲбƷΣա

һǧ򣡡
ǧ򣡡
ܿģм۾ʹﵽڶࡣͩЩĿɿڴǮ˻ࡣ
ʵ̫ͩеıƽˮƽƷߣƷǻƽв٣ⲻϡ档ϡǷӡǷʵãȼǷ񹻸ߡ
һƷƽܹӡһЩ൱ʵõĻƼнѾܹڡƼ߽׺ͻƼ඼Ʒߵı־
Ʒƽһ൱ʵõģҺѷӡɹıȻһ䶯ڽ̽һԽƷƵСƷҪȻҲֲѹƷˡ


72  ʻٷ
е൱˳ͩһһ߱һһĵرһƿһƿҩ׷Ȼ˲ֳҲַܵķΧ
Ǯ࣡ͩп̾
Ʒƽ𼶵ߣԼƷһ㶼ңƷƽһģȴϣƷԵƷƽᾹȻûͩϵĸƷмţԼҪ׬ǮǲӦðĿƷأ
ѹᱦʦ֣ص
һƷƽ𼶻Աױսƽһͬһλʦ֣֮Ҷ֪ױֻǻƼн׵սϣȴӡױⶼص㣬öص·ױϵڽ֮ʱһ˲ͬʱͷųȥﵽЧս϶һ֦㲻սղؼֵ;Գһı׼һڣÿֻм۲һڿʼʦϸؽսúͼֵȻ
ϣܵ˵ڳ֮У̫ƽʢǮ̫࣬ղذõǮҲ٣սսԷȻûмĵԣʵϣҪþǹϿҩָܴͬﵽĵá·ʵţȷʵ൱ؾܡܹһıǴûгֹġ
ԣսһʼмϷǳ񣬲ҪսʦǷ񣬶ЩղذõǮҲᡣ
ױսڵĳ߼۱һղذ߸ȥ
ͩһԼãһʮ֮࣬ǮҲδ̫ˡֲʦôˣֲʦôˡΪЩ˶ǮǮԴԴܹ֧ԼΪϵϽ
ڶƷƽ𼶻˫Աܽʦһѳףһ˿ľ޽չʾһ½ܵһѵõĹؼ汸ıǧ20Դɽ𵴲׽緢һ൱׼һڰǧÿνм۲һ򡣡
ڣ
һǧ򣡡
ǧ򣡡
ڽм۵ĶǴؼʦˣ϶Ǽռǿڽмˡ
ͩЩ˵ķмûκȤܽӡһƼнƼ߽رǺǴΧȺԹ൱ɹۡ˫ԱȷʵȽѵá
ܽڰǧ˭ͩġ
ˣǱһѹƷˡʦȡһƷûҿ첼٩٩̸λӦ֪Զ֮Ĵڰɣ
һңԶصǿһʷһҲΨһһͳһ棬УݲǿͳԪĴڡȻʧˣȴһֱ񡣡ʦ˵ͣͣż˵ҪƷǴһż֮зģ֮¯
漴ҿ˺첼һƵ¯ԭбθڵǣʱʧˡԭһûֻղؼֵûʵüֵղؼֵҲ޵úܡ
Ͼã඼ǼٵģһżƷԱһ֮żͷ
޾ԪŵԼ˭֤ܿóһõĶǲ֮Ķ̶֮ȱȲżƷ֮󣬹֮ġ̱ꡱҲûϵóû˸ҶǼٵġ
ණ̫̫࣬࣬ҲͶһЩղؼ˵еֵ˸ȥ׷ˡ
ףѵ֮ĶɣͩԽԽоϤҲȷ֪һǿж٣Щ֮Уж١᲻ǷƷأͩǰڹֵʦûԹ⣬ѵûмֹĶƷǡ
䱦ƣǼ¯ǲǳ֮Ķͩʵ
Ӧһ¯ͨȫϢĳȻ棬޷ͨϰ䱦ʵػش
ÿмɰȷʵǷһ¯ͩصʵΪͩҪִͨķ֮ķʵ̫ˣַ֮ȴʮֵһ൱õЧ
ҿ϶ֻɵİհɡ䱦¯ȱ˻֮ҲûжðڻûеأҪҪѰû֣õĻʿĵҪЧ


73  ˣ
Ʒ֮Ҫŵ󣬾Ƕ֮һغͳ羴Ƿôⶼһͷ
ƷԶǰôߣȴȻûãڵĳ߼ۡ
ҪǰͩԲҲʮڣͩĳܷΧ֮ڣΧͩͲҪˣϾɰգʮһģΧͻˡ
ͩҲ֪߱߷жôֵǮֻҪգͲûǮ׬
ʱ¯ļǮѾϡ
ͩһ£ֱӽһڣ
ʵϣͩ߹Щղؼҵ飬ϲղһЩŹֵĶҪʵ̫󣬻ҪһƷķաǾͻѡͩһӰѼǮ̧֮һʱˡ
һΣΣûиߵģΣɽʦ
ͩҲΪ⣬Ȼֻھˣɡ
ͩӵһͨ룬ľٰ췽ͩͨͨ
ʦãĸˣԷĵƷܼʮǧ߰򣬿۳ɣʮ֧ΪŶ¯ķáȷ𣿡ԷǳʵΪĸˣȻһʦݣͬʱÿһλʦҩʦʦ
ȷϡңͩһ䡣
Ǻǣʦģǻȥ֤ʵԷرһʵı֤
ðɣҵʻXXXXXXͩʻ˹ȥֱͨת˰Ѿתͩʻϡ
ͩʻұ˶ʮ֮ࡣ
ڶ죬ͩǼ¯
ͩѧܣһ°ɡ¯ݸͩ˵ѧܰĳԼ̨ûȷʵֵûôǮȥ򡣡
ǺǣѧҲ֪ʦȻЩȤĸ׬һЩǮҲûʲôͩϸһ£Ҳûзʲôر֮¯Ĳ˵ȷʵͨĻɫ
ǵҲǣĽʦ켸ڣһ겻ʮǧ㻨ǮеʮڻǼҶһѧõģʵϣûнʼҸߵѧԺһǧ㻨ǮءޱĽ˵
ͩЦЦûлش
ˣˣҲˣ¶ࡣתǶȥԼԿ֣֡ȷʵ·硣һǿߣҲļ飬Ͼ嵹ˣһɾԵøˡ
ͩ¯ֱȥҡ
ô䱦ͩر֮ʵ
Ӧ¯һһ鱦¯ֻʱ̫ˣѾʧ𣬱ҲһЩ޸ԼӼһһķ¯»ָ鱦Ŀԡ䱦½۵ʣµľԼˡ
ͩףҪ޸¯ֻԼԲˣ䱦ﲻʲôæˡ
ԭƻҰѵγ̵ͩʱı⣬չ
ͩһǷ˺ݵȥͲ
һչؾ꣡
ֻͩΣÿֻǲһ±ٹȵ֮⣬ͩһֱڲͬʱΪҲ˴ļ壬תԪ˵ڶת
֮ԳأΪѧ㲻ˡ
ͩƷʯǱͨҪʮԣͩʼ˸Ʒʯ
ƷʯһѧһţֵһҡͩĹ㹻ǿᣬһŸƷʯʮ졣ָչؿĸǿʹãǰͩľʯʹ㣬һŸƷʯһ¡
ͩøƷʯ˲ٻѧ㡣
ͩΪȻ̫ߣԪȴޱȾҲ㹻ǿҪӳһ򹫽Ǵؾżʦı׼
ͩҲ˵׼Լʦʦˡ
һְҵʦļһȴӵгʦȼٺٺ٣ͩȴоǳ⣬ϵǿΪԼµһ൱ĵơ
ջǶڡĲˣԽǲԽǲǰǸ¯ȷʵܹ޸ϵȵȱȽϰ󣬵̫ŪѵĻǻ֡
ʲôؼȻڵһ棬ЩԸ죬죬һȴͬģǾ󣬿
Ȼʱ˵ûлҲûϵϾ¯޸֮󣬿õػֻҪҵػУ˵ͩڵѧУһӴػ֮ϣŷḻĵػԴ


74  
ͩҲ֮ҵһЩڻĲͬԶֻ֮עڻĸºͻ򣬶עڲͬĲͬԣر֣ˡЩԽظ裬ӵصĹܹԶ֮֮ǿԭ֮һ
£ͩҪ޸¯ѰʺϵĻ֣ƹɷʱ
ͩóӶĸߣ˹磬һԴ֮еĻ֡һͩĴӶҵһЩ֡
ǲһֶʮֿɹѡ
Ҳиǿֵ֮ģĻȻ٣ÿһֶһĹ
˵һҲҪʮ׵㡣һֵ֮еĻֲֻֻ֣û㹻ѰˣӶ鲼½ϵĻֹһٶţִֻʦǣϰֱõػߣ¶ϣֻ涼ܹ𣬶ҼǮˣֵʮڹ׵㣬ŵҲֵһңûĸʦȥΪ㡣
ͩӶʮĵĹ׵㣬ǽͩΪҿȡʦʸ֤ϲ㽱ġ
ͩҧҧһʮҵӶᣬõʮ㹱׵㣬ȻӹԴ֮һĻԼһЩѰ޸õĲϡ
ͩĹ׵һӾͳˡ
֣ϣｫֱӴӶֻᣬ˵Ӷաߵ齩Ӳʵ
ͩһ
һ3170𣺡ϲͻƴļǷϱУ
ɡͩûжѧˣͩõĶǸƷʯԪת֮Ʒʯ̫ˡ
Ѿϱ3170شһѾ·ϲˣ300ѧĽ
꼶µӵѧУļ֪ͨ꼶ѧͩͻƴļֳ㣬ΪͩͬѧǷУ꼶ѧǧѧ㡣ط֪ͨλѧԴΪ㡣
Уһ֪֮ͨ󣬶Ľ
ͩ˭Ȼܹõ֣ٵʡ
еϢͨõһЩϢŪλͩѧɲ򵥣һѧУѣӱ̶һʱ꼶
ϢԽԽ㣬ԽԽ֮Ҳӿֳһͩķ˿
УȻҲյϢͩļʱȻȲһôޣǷУ¼Ҳͬơ
һ꼶ѧǱȽϵ꼶ɾˣһ꼶Ųңͽ꼶ˣΪ֮ܶôܹ꣬꼶֮١
꼶ѧյһ֪ͨ꼶ͩ꼶Ϣ꼶˵̫ƽˣ꼶տʮһΣһ꼶һΡԣʮ֪ͨǽӹٴΡ
ͩˣ벻ͻƴļȻһӾ׬˽ǧѧ㣬ѧһӾͷḻȻΪԽߣѧ׬
ͩĵصǶȥ٣ѧУǲУģҪȥҲֻȥǻǣͩӵȨͻ˴ļУ쵼⡣ͩļ٣ǲ֮ǰѧУѧʱɼڡ
ѧУȣͩϵӶᡣ
Ŵ˿Ǵ⣬Ϊǰȣһڵõ˵ͩĵ֮󣬾ӭ˳ͩϵܣף㾹ȻѾͻƵļˣǹİŵˣðŻع֪ͩΪʦҲͰˣΪͩʾʦԡΪأҪоߣҪΪô죬ĽӶʼɰ
ҲǱȡġͩЦǺǵػشǰΪ̫оڷžȻӵд弶Ϊˡ
ˣ˵
ᷢŵĸߣܹ½ܲ磬ֻҪù׵򵽵Ķһ㶼Ǵڴ½ֿܲıŲ
ǵġͩͷܺѴǷֻǲŲء
ðɣŵͩ˵ңϸ֤֮󣬴Ӷıտȡͩ쳯ĴʡЩʶװһռָеġ
ͩռָϸһ£ָг˴֮⣬һӡУһƣװĻˡ


75  ž
ͩϵܰ±Ǯҡҡͷ̾Ǻ˽ʦȴ֪һ㶼Ǹҩʦʦ׼ġˣ⹦һЩĻֵֶΡֺܰ󣬶һʦĻǮȥ
ͩЦЦûж˵ʲôѾõˣͩ뿪Ӷᣬϻؼȥˡʣµ죬ͩ˴һ𣬾Ŀ֣Щǰͩûиܹġ
һ죬ͩ׼ѧУˡ͸׸ǣһ֮˷Ħ뿪˼ҡ
ͩûиʱ䣬ٷŵ÷ǳһ߿һע·ߵķ羰ͩոչһֱ䣬һʱԶɽ˺ǳ֡
ͩﳵӽȺһʱ棬˳һʵǣǰôˣ
λˡס˸ҪͻȻоͩϵɲϢΪһϰ˼ʦȻǰλһλϵǿߣɫһ䣬η˵ش˵ĻǰⲻּԼҵľ𣿡
ô£ҲŻã˽ˡͩʵ
ŶģǰĴΪĳЩԭͻȻ䷴ĿɳּؼֶԿԼң򱣳⼸ԽԽˡⲻּҵĵһԼҵĵһѧ֮䣬Լսڿǹ㳡˵ͩ˵ţҪ֪λŶʮӵдʵеһ֮УǾ޽еš
ŶͩʮˣʮͷӵдΪȷʵҪܶ෽زܴﵽһѵҪ磬ʮ֣ͨȻѣַͨͩʽĳѣڶѵҪܺãҲҪ80ϰɣĹҪãôҲϵķģԴҪ㣬˵ļ˵⡣
ͩȻҲţѵ磬Ҳķǲö˵ԴﵹǿáȻͩƾĹˣ˼ҪϵķϸֱͩӾ񼶹Խء
һ֮УʻҪġѵûϵֻҪʹþֲķûдﵽؼ켶ҲûϵֻҪʹҲֲԴԽҲֲΪֻһһϵԣûļǲܸıġģķԻ߼ģԴ쳬ֱ٣ǿԸıġ
ѧѾʮˣҲǴΪֻ֣û˵һܵѧУͶ
ͩӭ˹ȥȺ֮У˿ǹ㳡㳡Χķ羰ÿϺͰвүү̫̫ȭ
ףŮģͩ˹㳡վˣһɫս׵ӣһһϮɫŮʽսףһͷ糤Ůӡ
ͩĽǶֻܿ˵Ĳ棬Ӳеĳú߳Ů棬ݣĵǰ͹£ǡ
˵۾ŶԷʮֵרע
ɣҵʶһ£⼸㶼ʦѧЩʲôѧһΣһǹС
һǿصȻ䣬ȴ֦ϻ𿡢žһ㶯
˷ǳĬͬʱˡ
ǹ֮˵似һ̶ޱͷ˿ǿѹʹù㳡Χ󲿷ּϰ߶ЩܲסòһЩ
һУͻ̡ѧǹȼһõĻ棬һǹֱ̡
ɲսӲһǹһǹǹԣǿƷЧ
ὣһνɣ˼ס
Ҷʽһʽ̺Ľһ䣬һ׼Ϊǿ似һûκλڣֱȡʺټ졣
Ϊ似𣿰ٻǹһջУѧҲʹʦžʾӭ
似ʽһսѽѷ֡ѧȴռŷϵƣԴϷ硣
Ķʽһʽһʽʹó似רΪɱ˶ȡҪ졢ۡġԼҪѨ
ѧ徹ȻشϷ类ƽˣΪǹΪûĽ
˱Դʹս׷ܣƴȫ似϶üΪҡ
ù㳡ΧĴ󲿷ֿͣ񫣬似һǺѿģڽӴ似ΪƼµļ
ʮĵ㣡ѧһҧ˾Сһѧİٻǹ֮УܹʹõһС似һҪмΪֲ֧ʹõó似ּ似һ㶼ռǿߵơͨĴؼѧ϶ʮͲˣҲΪʲôڳûж˽Ӵ似ԭ


76  ʤ
ѧİٻǹһǹֻһ룬Ѿ˲ˣķҲһķɱȣ㹻ѧ㹻ǱͻƵռΪҪͻռҪһؾľȱﵽһˮƽӴһؾżԼͨȫѨλǿ֮⣬Ҫľһһشķܼ򵥣ӴѹѹѹõһˮĥĹֻҪԪ㹻еĴؼʿͻռ
ˮĥҲЧֵ֮ģЧʸߵȻܹԼԪδ֮ǰɹЧʲߵģһҲûͻƵϣ
ЩЧǿʡķԴġ
쳣࣬óѧһƴˡڰٻǹϤֻڵǹһʽÿһʽԻΪһʽһʽǿǰʮʽڴؼܹʹõ似ʮʽʮʽڴ֮ε似ʮʽ֮ռ似ˡҲ似
ʽʽҲʹվС
˵νӣȻͬʱͣ١
ڳֻ˿˽
֮ͩһ˸һ£һԼʵõĽ۾ȻǳƽԼϳ˭ʤ˭Ҫˡͩ̾һԼĻۻ̫һЩͩҲżͩĻûбҪսϡ
ɴ䣬¶߻òв˺ۣϵ齣ѧĳǹһܷΧ֮ǿԻ֮£˫˫ܴʧҪ޻ǻ¯
ѧ˿ڲ࣬ȴ˵üأһ˱г롣
ĴǳˣΪǶˡ
֣С֮ƽΣ֮ٷʤּҵĴͷαЦ
ԣټԼҵĳɫôÿˣסѧֱ֮뿪˿ǹ㳡
ߣһòҲûСּҵһߵ
ˣܣؼ˵˵׻׬ˣԼСӵƿɲᰡּҵĴͷЦе˵
ȷˣ˵òᣬʵϣÿһ˿ڶأֻѧǹеģȥΪǱ˺ҪΣʵϣҽˮƽǳظһרƵƷҩָܹ˵ˣҪ̺۶ѡ
ͬģѧȻЩӶӸˣһƷҩȥҲ˲ֻǻһЩԪˡ
ֽˣͩҲûɶÿˣҪ뿪ƼּӪ֮еһˣּͩһʶն񣬹úӵΣԾǰλӵֻ͡ȥˣͩѾѣΪؼǿߣԷһϰżͨߡ
ͩʥˣ𱨵ĳͩһֱĵģֻɻּҵʵûȥѡ
֡ҲΪǧңʵ൱ǿּҳʮ˵Уһʮˣ˶ǴؼġһУ˵ˣһλʮҵҲǴؼ
ͩûʵԺ˵ӱʮ겻
ͩԸҪмǰǰһһ¶ױһϵʿڵгԸ̣ǣȽϹƧҹŹƫͨ÷׾Ϊ˵İأһԤİһҸļͥгɳƧԸƣŹƫԸҲƫںõһ棬ȴʢ
ڵϳԼ¹ȫͬĻѬƫڵΪ˼룬ԣԸ֮еİûʹͩɰţһǱΪǵźǿҵĶԹжʮгٱּ𱨲㺦ʹͩǨŭϼ塣
ͩģּ磬̳İּ࣬ҾҪ𣬸ͬģֻּҲͬˡ
ΪͩǣʵԱʱͩȻɵóȥűͩӵİԪ㹻ԴɷУͭǮǿһͩȱֻȱʱĻۺͳˡ
ͩȺĵ뿪ˣּԼҲ֪ѾΪһµĵˡ
صѧУͩңģʵһ֮󣬾ʹŲϿʼʽжˣͩлŵӣرһʾ֪ͨ
ͩһǧѧĸƷʯʼ޸¯Ĺ
ȣͩҪ㹻Ĳϣ¯Ķ޸õػɵģԭò¯ͩĲٿ£ڻ֮УһһƷڣػָģ


77  ޸¯
¯޸Ҫڲ󷨵޸
ͩչ꣬Ͳ֮⣬ҪõȻһȻȲרҵʦ޸¯󷨻ܹġ
޸ɵؽţƷʯΪ֮ԼԪ֮ãȻõ÷ǳѸ١ԪһЩƷʯ㹻ͩһˣΪõĻȴһһӽ¯֮С
ʱƣ¯ر仯ˣԭĺɫ˺ɫȻֱɫӲϵĲͬɫҲڲϵر仯һ¹ȥˣ¯Ѿȶɫϣͨɫ¯¯Ͽӡһצ¯¯ͷǴ¯Ǹǿڡ¯ӱԵø߹ء
䱦ͩʶ֮𣺡Ͻ¯֮ϵεһֳø߼¯׬ˣ¯ӱĻϽʣͼֵǣϽ¯ѧġ֮ҲӦһЩذɣ
ͩͷʾ֪Ͻ¯ļز٣֮һƪľǻϽ־ϣ֮ģɫִĲϷּϣڿּΣҲ˵ֲھƷƷ֮ϣϾžŰʮһִεȾƷϣһǧ˰ְƷƶɡãòࡣڿָ߼󷨣ͩҪַҲõȵΪƵó
ֻͩ޸Ͷ˴ƷƷĲϣһʮŸƷʯҲ㸶޴
ָԭòֲ֮ͩĻֽ¯¯ʹ󹦸ˣȻ֪¯ָ˼ܣͩ㹻ˡ
㶨֮ͩǲʹáԶŷִߣϵڣҪʿþѪȻԪһʱ䣬ʹ硣ִߣҪ뾫ӡǣ֮ˡ
ͩ޸õϽ¯ңʼչŷͩһμڼĹУоǳŹ֣ͩȻоġŶӦǷһɶ
ԭˣͩһ̶ˣǰûв͸ط
ÿһصɶζڼ֮ʱǸĴڣУԾͻὥѣԾͻʱ֮лΪ顣Ҳ鱦Ӷܴ
Ȼÿ飬ֻƣҪ󼫸ߵһΪ鱦Ǳ
ִֽ˹α£ͬնĳЩ˵ִߵģ鱦顣
֣ʱǿ˵ûģڿɻ꣬ڿɻ֮꣬Ԫ޾ȻʵڵȲĻҲֶΣֲ顣
ɵߺֲһֶΣΪÿһߣڽᵤڵʱԼıķ߲ǿܻԽԽ࣬ԽԽӣԽԽ£ԽԽǿ󡣵ȵ߱ǿ󵽼޵ʱıͬҲɳΪǿ
Զ֮ʿȫţΪҪƱòооо򡣶ЩоƶǵΪʹǿ
ͩ˼֮󣬰ѷ뵤֮УԪһж㶨֮ͩĵ㵸ޱԼѡ֮··ʵ̫ǿˣԽԽ࣬ԽǶɵһԵľη͸п
ͩڽᵤڳڴͬʱҲ˼Լıѡ֡˵ߵıɾ̫ˣʮ˰Ͳ˵ˣַҲ̫ˣ취ʤӡ⡢ӡ̨¯ᡢȵȡ
¯ֵ֮òȷΪߵĹܲ඼ظֻƫڡ򡱡ءĹԣ¯ƫڡȸܡ
һĴзǳأķһģÿһ߶Լķ򣬸䱦˵ǣÿһΪǿߵˣԼġ
ѡԼġһǱѡѡ񽣣ǾǽһõķչרעڽڽڽɣսǳǿҪϵսǿߣϵ֮䡣
ѡʱҪԼҪʲôԼıģѡʺԼġ
Ͻ¯޸ͩһΪˣͩصȥһ٣ȻŻص˯һ˯ҹ
3170رյйܣûңͩ˿ɳϣʵ
һӵͨѶʮΣһǰ졣һЩ˵ѯͨѶͬѧͨѶм3170ʵش


78  
ͩѧܣǳˡп𣿡ͼͬʱ֡
пգʲô£ͩͷӦĴ׬Ǯ׬Ǯ
ҵܵܵһ˻Գǹˣ޸ѣԴҵһʱ뵽ѧˡ忪˵Ǯ⣬ҪǻҪá
û⣬ҪҰһˡͩޱŵ˵
ǹһɶ20ϣҲƷƽ𼶱ǹҪرӹ̼񣬷ӡױܹսʱһ˲ͷųͺǰױսһҪ˳
ͩһһתشҪսԣҪҪ˲ᰡ
ôܲʵ
ԣǮ㣬Ʒ߳һӶ֣ƷߵĻߵڻ֣ͩڵ
ҪӶĻָˣõĻû⣡ƴֵӦףƷˣ۸ȻƫһЩҪҲǳĸߣͬŵƣֻͩʶ
ͩ˵ͷشʮҡӶʽԱڹڲõĶǹ׵㣬Һ͹ҲԶһɹ׵㣬ֻƵġÿԶһһҺʮڻ֣ҺͻǲܻġҲ˵ͩ㹻ҺͻֵĻһͿԶһٹ׵㣬ܹ㹻øĸ˹ѵʽˡ
ǰͩôҲһ֮׬ٹ׵㡣
Ͻ¯ͩԳƷˣƷ߱ƷӰͬʱҲơ
ƷߣǸռǿʹõģʵϷ¶ģĳЩȴﵽ׼Ĵؼʦ֮еٮٮǣĻỻȫƷߵװʵ൱ɹ۵ġ
ԭȫƷߵˣʵ¡һװƷߣһװƷߣȻƷߵװ߸ơ
ͩһЩƷƷϣ߽УʼǳսԵױɶǹ
˿͸Ҫһ㶼Ҫ󣬶ʦǸݹ˿͵ҪƸӺͬʱҲߡ
ƺ֮ͩ˳ʵȶ̱ڷӡϸƣΪ㹻Ŀռƺ·
ǹ˵ȴҪ㹻ͣȴֲ۶ϣǳǹ֮˵ˣǲϵı仯ҪرߣᣬӲӲ
֮ͩſʼңԭߵѶȿɲһĴǰһǰԼƵóȴƲ
ӵϽ¯ǰЩҪܹ㡣ˮƽϵһַǳֱ۵
ʮ첻֪عȥˣֱͩʮϲŴг۵ȫѡϽóһŸƷʯʼġ
ͩǵһΰ֮һգʮĸǿԪģ֮ǰ޸Ͻ¯Ҫۡ޸Ȼʱ䳤ܵ˵м仹һϢʱ䡣
ѹָ߼ʦΪһǸˮƷҲƲͩа
ˣšϿͬѧ3170˵
ţɡͩ˵
ͻȻ򿪣Ҳûп˽ߴɤŵغͩʦҰ˵ʧ꣬ԭΪȥˡУͽ꼶ҲѧУˡ
ͩøƷʯٿͩɫʱһôǣ
ͩЦһ˵ôˣȻ۳ġ
ҪıſɡͩӽָȡƳĳǹӸ塣
Ѿӡһ̣ǹϢʱ򣬴ˡ
ƷԻƽ𼶱ǹмӹ̣ǹ񣬼20ȼգӡױͬʱͷţ찡ⲻİɣ屻ŵˣױǹ̫ˣױͬţĸؼס
ƷƷһȼաԣָעǹⶼһֱȼռӳ֡
ôҷҵշѱһЩϷһѧ㣬ڻֲ䣬Ҫǧҵѡͩ۵
ѧ㣿Ϸôߣ岻ȵ
ϻһǮһֻǹĲҪȵߣرǹˣдͣдᣬƻ··ƿӡӡڲҼ˲ƷϣһЩƷϣټϸƷʯġ嵥ԼɡͩѲ嵥3170˳Щǹ¼١


79  
һƣʱˣ嵥ܲ뵽˳ǹжôİˡ
Ҳ֪ͩûթԼӵܳͩ飬Ҫרƴһһö죬ȷʵҪܸߵĴۣƷҲȷʵƷ߹ϡ
ţѧûô࣬ҿ԰ЩɸƷʯ𣿡һʵ
ԡͩشƷʯãͩѧУĸƷʯʱһ棬ƷʯɾͲ뻻ܻõġ
õģˣԺʲô㣿ʵ
Ҳ֪ѾƷˣҴר죬оתߣ׬һǮͩЦǺǵػشȷʵʵͩΪڽѾˣתԪͩԪѹ򱶣򱶣ҲͩٶΪǲżǼģǰͿˣӻһЩ棬ͩҪ¿๦רˣΪᵤ֮ͩҪΪԼƱá
Ŷ̫ˣõķ֮߱ӰҲ죬۳ƷΣҶԼȫչϲ˵õľƷԼãһĻɫȥ׬Ǯ֪ȣܴж⡣
ԣû⡣ͩͷӦ
ˣȰʸˣ鿴һ£ѾǮͻִʻˡ忪ڵ
ͩó֤һ£ȻˣӶĻֱת˹׵㣬ʮ׵㡣Լʻ϶ǧҡóŸƷʯݸͩǹǶȥˡ
꼶ѾûʲôĻ֪ʶѧˣֻһЩ޵ʷγ̺͵⣬似γ̽Ӷࡣ
ͬʱʦҲʵγ̿ѧγѧУߴʦֳߣһһ߸轲⡣꼶̸ֻֽҪöࡣ
ͩÿϿΣԼоķΪ
ƽֳʵͩ·һ麣һ㣬ѧУܹ֮ѧ֪ʶЩ֪ʶԼо֮еõͷӣھһͩÿһ춼ڽ
ڣͩ󷨽⣬ͩҪеʦΪһʦ󷨸Ƴõķ
ͩڿר󷨵ͬʱҲʼѧϰԶ֮Ľơʵ󷨺ͽһģ󷨾ǽƣƾ󷨣ֻǱʽһ⣬󷨣ھǽơ
ִʮֳãҲһŲԭĿѧݷ仯ݱֳʮƷ֮С
ƲһֹͷֶΣýƣʵĳϺ÷ˡƣǳģϵһִڣܵ˵Ϊʮɷƺʮƣһ˵ֿ仯޾Ľơ
ҪƱȻҪΪߣܲó㹻ǿĽƣʹñһʼһõĻ
ͩʼһ߱ͩٶȷһһߣֻ
Щս¶ͩΪ󷨶ƳģʼʱʧܴʧܺܶΣͩΪ˳ɱǣòϽ¯ƣֺͷ¯İ£ɹʴ˼룬϶һһ飬ͩһɷڽһ֮СһӾ̥ǣΪһƷƽ𼶵ķս¡ͩһƳƽս¡
˾֮ͩڴ֮󣬲õɷƣԼ֮Уִƽս¡
ͩóƱóƷߡƷߵĹؼ󷨣û裬Ʋõķս¡ԣѧУ̨ϣзս
ֳʦʹõĽսʦʹõǷȴְҵһ˵Ʒ߳ΪߴʦˣҲһһλϸʦȻֻϸ񣬶һ㡣һʦȴһһλϸʦ
ҪΪ֮ˣ̵סį͹¶븶ʮٱ࣬ǵõԶŴоһܹɲĵġ
ÿͩһΣһѷߣǰģƽ𼶻ֻһȴ൱ӴͩӹĿ࿴һλʦרеʱ൱ط˽ʦǼд˹֮ͨ
ÿһŻģͩƵķҲûȫ壬ļƷͩѧУĹ̨˼ѧ㣬ǰѳɱ˻


80  Ǩŭ
һȥˣͩѾʮˣ꣬ͩ˳߰ٶߣ౻Լչ֮Ͷг
Լҵƴǣ£˲ɢޣ֡ҵдϷ硣ͩҲͬ׬ͩϵӸĳͩڴļ۷壬ޱȵι̣ԪĴǴﵽڵļޣռǿߵԪĴȲͩ
ͩĹУöʮɷƺơУͩһһƷƽ𼶱ɱС
ѽͩרΪԼƣûʲô߳ȴܼԪ50Ҵ˽Ϊ񣬷ӡҲֻǿƷͻһһսԶ˫õķɽڽУͩһɷƣƼӳ֣ڲϣƷҲκβ˴˽
ţͩһתһ׽ʽۣԪжſ
裡еĶζ趯ʱƮ죬ʱûʱʱ
֦ͻȻ۳һ޴䣬°һ֦
Ϣ޴ͷųĽֻΪڿл𣬻𻨿Ŀ
ͩսǳص˵ͷ
һʽƣб仯ͩѧġĵһƣơͩĴ֮Уýֻ߲ǾԶ̿ؽͬҲĽĽϸӺ󣬱仯Ҳࡣͩ˾תԪڶתˣɾʹѾܹȴؾż۷ʦصȥѧһ׽ҲΪ˳䵱һֶΡ
꣬ͩ׬350㹱ףԼʮңͩѹ׵ǮأǷһ˸ĸʻϣһ˴ʮڹȥ
Ѹĸŵһʲ֪ǮǶӴȥģͩһ٣ǮǸ˻ͩôزøĸǮˡΪˣֳͩ˸ֶ߳ΣѸĸ˵㵸ʦλߣǮ
žˮݺݵڵϣˤ÷顣
ּլּҼֽλҧгݣ̫Ѩ߸ߵع˲ǣһ᲻̫Ѩˡǳߵŭôµģ
ϢŭʮּҵĹ£ŵùڵأͣش¡
ߣлұչز꣬£ҲͰˣսͿսɡȺؼңȻԵĴ仨ˮʧء֧ҵҪŴˣÿǺðֽסƢɭɭ˵
ҵܣһڹ²˵
ֽ񿴵һĻȻߣǷڣԲûĽȥѹеıŰƽʵԭأҵԭûУ
ؼĻĴߣڻʼҸߵѧԺһ鱨Ĺ»ش
Щߵӿ棬ʹּάֵķܴҪ֪һʦѾˣͨʦ͸٣౻߿Ƽ˾ˡּҸһͨߵʦּҵ֧ҵǷۡϵķһֱڹӦԷߵļ۸ǱôȻвٵΪõķǿԾģ൱ľ޴ּһֱάļۡԼͻȻӿı־ƷķߣʹּҿСּҵʦûֳ߲ܱͩɹʡ
ּȫޣټȫ֧ҵ㵹ա֮£ؼҾҪõöࡣ
ϻ˵һЩֽһӺ֮УҲֻлʼҸߵѧԺһߡ
ǣ꣬ʼҸߵѧԺ֮гһ꣬ͩʮ겻ͳΪʦո߳ԼүãԼķ߽ǳֱʡ鱨Ĺ˵ǳסͩıȷʵǳףӶĹϵܣֻӶڲ˲֪Ӷ˲ǲȡķʽṩ֧Ԯһ;ṩʼҸߵѧԺѧ֪ͨ飬ṩæĻᡣģǿԼŬ
ؼʵڲֵӶרټΪӶĲһΣǸߵĲΡ
ŶһŰϲ취ֱӻӵϵҲܻѶۣҲҪ£ˡֽ˵
ؼĻµ˲˸Ǵ˰񣬶ǵⲻмһˣûᣬȻءһλ׵˵
ּȷʵϵֻͩͩǸʱûգҲûнӼ˵ˣǼˣͩҲͬ⣬ּǿҪ֮һ
һţ߰һģĲʶ̧ٵĻ˽ֽ񵭵˵ѵЩҪ𣿡


81  
ǻʼҸߵѧԺѧǵ޷쵽ʼѧԺ֮СһʼѧԺ̫ǿˡĳ³˵ּӵкǿӰļҲһЩڻʼѧԺǰʵ̫Сˣλ˵⻰ʱ򣬻һ¡
˭ȥѧУµģÿ֮еѧԺѧ𣿡ֽ
˼ǡǼȻλ˳⻰е
ȥ

ѧУ3170ᣬͩһŸƷʯžʯ֮еתΪԼҪĴԪ
֮еԪдС죬תٶȴǱȫѾͨһʮѨλ֮У˴ԪԪתٶȴﵽ޵һɲǣȫԪһʮһѨλȥ
ǿƵĳʽҲֻͩתԪǿԪޱȴ˲ʹãʹõĻɹֻǧ֮һĿǾ񱩵䣬߻ħ
Ԫ޳Ԫ֮еĿӣ֤ԪĿɿԣԪǿ֤˳ʱܵĳѹ
䡪һ˲ǿͨ˵һʮһѨλˮԪûȥڼģǳ˵һʮһʮһʮģһĸѨͣ
ͩϵѹɣ弶˳ͻơ
ϵĴͨﵹǱѨλʱǿѹ˺顣ͩȶΪ֮վһһ׽ɫս´
ս¿ɲӶ͵һƷƽ𼶣ͩԼƵģɷƵƷƽս£Чԭһǿ˺ֹڵһףǱͩоˡ
ͩԼһƷƽװʹܵȵȶﵽƷߵ۷壬ֵҲڶʮϡ
ͩһ3170ɨ͵ˣϲˣͻƴ弶Ƿϴ
ϴɡͩͬдѧ㽱ģͩѧҲ໨ˣ֣ͩѧȫƷƷĲԼʮŸƷʯǸƷʯĻѾ͹˵ˡ
תԪʲôãʱ̫ԴƷʯһٿȥȻһŸƷʯЧ࣬ҼЧ̫ʱֱ̫øƷʯȻݳһ㣬ͩһλʦ׬Ǯ֧Լ裬Ǵ´ġ
ѧУĽȻǳһӾͽͩһǧѧ㣬һ꼶ͨ浹û̫ľȣΪͩ˲ٷ߳ȥУҲһˡʦְҵ̫ˣ㹻ԴӻӵٶȻǿԽܵġ
֣ˣѧУ̵εͨǷͨ3170ͻȻ
ͨ
ε˳Цݵ˵СһȻûʧѧУĽȷǳ⣬ҰѵγѾȱ꼶ĿˣѧУרŶر𸨵ʱ׼ͽһģгҰ档
ǣΡͩҲףԼӲˡ
ͩ˲ѧ㽱һӱòƴʼֱƷʳҩߡʱҰסһԹߣһԷߵȵȡ
ڴʱһżͨ˽䣬ʼĸͩ
ͩӵ3170֪֮ͨ󣬴һơдţƸͩʦּҷ޹˾ļܼࡣ³ʮңͩʦһҪ󡭡
ͩͨƪһ֮󣬲ּ̾ҵǣԼҲй룬ǸԶּҡ
ͩӦƸ룬һ֮ڣ׬İǷǳпܵġӦǮơȨơ˽ֿɵá
ϧ㹻ˣ۹⻹ǲһ㡣ͩҡҡͷͩеС˾һȤҲûУб£ԶŴУ۹Ȼһ˵ˣͩڿӶʽԱȻˣӶܵ÷ǳɣͩȻѧϰѵڣʮ굽ʮ֮ڣҪеӶɷĹڼ䣬ͩѡκεĹ˾֮£ӵоԵɡ
ͩͻһô󣬴ͳѧУ
ͩǰһʱԼһͼ̨ϡΧһƬ
ͼ̨ǰһսµӭ˹ʺǰ
ͷڲڣεʵ
ǰĻˣûлȻԻʮֵϤ
ⶼʮˣûмƵغߵˣ߰ɡ
ǣΡͩͬӦ
ǰޱǫ˵


82  
δͩһֵϣο˵ɽУжʮ֮ңλѹ滷ɽдʿҰפһݵ㣬־ݵ㣬֮кܶࡣ
ͩһһߴܣӲĽȫоִϢֵ࣬󲿷ֶǴؼĴڣĴؼʿȳܼͳڷеļϰߣûһڼϰ˼ġֵʮֵ֣ǽĶҲһЩﲻĺö
ͩͿ˲ǧݵҩҩֱ̳ԣҲΪƿĹЧߵƷϵĲϣҲ١
֪ѧУΪʲôҪҰѵγ𣿡һһ˵
Ϊǻ㹻Ķͩش
һ룬ʦûбҪðյģѧУȴȻĿγ̣֮⣬ҪǴСɶȻľηûоͲĴ澴ηסԺǿ󣬶Ҫֶľη֮ġ˵̵ǿߣʦ֮еǿߣûһܹ޾ܳɹġڲŻ磬Ҳţֻ֪ڴ˵Ļôһ죬㽫ں֮֮£ȫ䡣
Ҫ߳һжж㣬жô£жôĲܸӿ㣬Ǳܲܵõ޶ȵķӡеķһλ߼ʦ˵أǿÿ˰պͳɣܹӵ޾ĲƸȨơҵλȴȻÿһʱ䶼Ҫݵ٩٩̸ţͬģٵʮ꣬ҪλˣҲѡΪǶڴˡ֪һ˿ԶҲز档
ͩӻεĻ֮УܵһֳΪǿߵִţһֲΪϵĿһֶ˵ĶԼһ־
ȻͩҲд˸ܣȫֵźͿͩɵöִźͿͩ룺ԼǷȱִţǷȱЩ飬Ƿȱǿߵ顣
ɣУû㹻ִţ֮·עһ硣䱦ͻȻѵ
ͩŽֵϵʿÿһ˶Լ״ڲͣ׷ߵľ磬ͣرǿ
߳УͩȻһָоԼ֮·Ÿոտʼɣ
ȥɣһ棬㷢֣Ҫ㣬ֻܵвǲ²Ż˵ʵ̫˸߼ޡһм͵ޣԼǶֵĻ㱻ҲӶġѶ˷ˣǸɴˣҲ˷Դεʮᡣ
ͩҲ֪βǿЦģԼҰģεġ
ͩһ˽ģȻǿγ̾һ⣬ͩҪ֮ڣϵ֮ɽɱһͷм͵ޣʨ޶ɽΧȺ١
ɽһݺϱľ޴ɽϰɽͷͲʮԴḻޱȣԽ޵ȼԽߡ࿪ɽҲмʮˣɾˣԴȫҲɽΧʮ

ϼεһ̳˲̴һֻӴ޵Դնɱֻޡ
ָͩһУɽ˻Сͩ˹ȥǳɴذŽһָ֮С
ͩɵҲֻ֪ˣʱͩѾʱһ£;Ҳȷʵ˲ٵΣա
޹Ҳޣ˵ֻм͵ޣ֮ͩ⣬ֱ˵һΪػһ꿴ȥǧݵҩ֥ѵõʥҩȥҩʦƵĻƳƷϵ˵ҩֵңһʲСĺư
ͩȻŹСذҩɼӡõߺУЩģȻͩԼҲƣʱˡԸɴֱ࣬áһնɱޣҩĺ͸߲Ͼͼֵʮϡ⻹ǲһ֥
ѹôʿԸ۾ڷУһֱڴ֮У̺ʵ̫޴ˡ
ͩƵʦҲߣˡʵ̫ˣܷƣܼΪʱ̴ΣյĻ֮Уܹ˸оһǿѹ˽ø졣


83  һɱ
ͩոպúӣĦͻȻӶ߷Ű˸ˣ١Ů
СˡһĦһȥʱˣһɫۣ˵ĵһӡǳ
ͩɲĲȻǵһνģϾҲϹۿΣ֪ĽҰ֮أϵĻҪôల£ͷ뿪ҪôһɱԽ
ͩָһ㣬ף
»ˡͩӦͬʱȴ˵ΪԼ˫ʵԱȡ
ѹ˶ǴؼʦûһʦһƣֻҪԼʤ㡣֮У³İΪߣʦ˽ڴļϡ
СôһڴˣҪ֪Ұޱ鲼ΣմԴԣСѿҪСİ˵⻰ѾһѶСذס
ǻʼҸߵѧԺѧʦͬѧһͩһ˵һǰ˼ͻȻгһΣһ͵ʹԪǿΪǿˡ
ͩӽҪ֣ȻһɫͻأţʱֻʮֵؿһۣϸһһѾضǿľӽֱ͸壬˲ʻ࣬Ͼ˰˵
㡭ޱȵؾȣҪ֪Լ˶ƶ࣬û¶һ˿⣬ôᡭմ㣬벻ȴˡذأڵϣĿ
ͩǵһɱˣмֲӦɱϾǼɱ¾ˣǿŲʡбַɳƽʽϼ죡
һʽ׵ʹɽһ٣еʣˡҪ֪һʽǴ֮ľ˵ˣͩΪԶʣµǿϼ֣һʽȥ
߸˻ûдӰ˱ɱľ֮зӦ㱻һٰѽӰΧ߸ĸоͳһزһۣĿǿԼıӰ
߸ԴͬһʱͬƯɱָɾ䣬Ȼһʮé®ĲΪ
һֱԶй۲ĻΣһĻֱסŷӦжͩһ˲٣ӳͩԸϣֺⶼǳΪǿ߱߱ƷʡѾ㰵гȺˣͩȴֱӳɱЩˡ
ͩջطɽվ˺һƽϢſʼʰսƷͩʰսƷʱ򣬿ԼҲ֪һγ֣˵һѵõɱ䡣ѸٵƽϢƽϢѹƣʹ֪ͩһħԴͷ
ʵνƶħԭǶԼΪһӣǿ󣬼ֲиôɱҲܳɵᣬΪɻԥôҲħѽ
ˣǷˣͩ̾˸ѳϰٸָвپʯϺߣЩָ֮пó󲿷ֶǵ˵ġ
ͩһ鰲ȫĵطӪأ󷨣ȥϢſʼָеսƷ
һ죬֮ͩҲɫЦ⡣һ̵֣ʮҡ
׼ʯƷʯƷʯ֮࣬޾Ҳв١ͩԼҪϡҩƷʯԼһЩõһߺҩֿŽԼõĴָ֮УĽָŽ˱
ָ봢ָ֮䲻ݵģֻһָ߼Ŀռ߲װ´ָĴָͩȫŽ˱
ջ㣬ƷʯͩΪӵĶһεõʮŸƷʯѱ׼ʯƷʯȥĻܻʮŸƷʯ
øƷʯͩһϣڶһ磬ͩʰһ·ˡ
һ·Ƿǳ˳û˻飬˳Ĵ֣ɽʮɵɱͷʨһεĿγ̿ˣԻسˡ
س̵·Ҫѡһ·ҪСѡ·ҲҰγ̵һļܣѡúãһ·ϵг̾ͻʮ˳ϲΣաѡòãǾ뻢ڣȡ
ѡ·ǿŶԵη򡢵ơֲϰԡʷʶȵȸصۺϿһҰð߱ļܡ
ͩΪѡһõ·оյصɽȻɽеɽвơٵĹ·ͩϿεĻûбҪԼѡ·ߡ


84  
ּҸͩĳλ¿ɾˣΪ˰꣬˼Ҷûаظһ֪ͩҰϿȥˣһɻʼҸߵѧԺĽ̵ͬġּҵҪڰ;һҲܣλ˻ʼҸߵѧԺǷԺˣƻǷǳǿġ
ºͩصɽСԶľͿεվڷſڡ
Σһˡͩ߹ȥ
ţֵ൱ȥϢһ£úһ£Ǽڶ׶εĿγ̡Ҳż㹻ʱͩúõһʱ䡣
ͩһ£漴ŷӦ룬˵ƳҲʮֵػһڿΣ⵹ͩǳ⡣
صѧУָֻͩԭƽȻ׬Ǯ
ͩصѧУһº󣬼֮Űݷá
ѧôпյСͩʵЩѧϵ⣬һ㶼ͨ罻ģҶʦÿѵʱҪߵоϣпյŰ
ʵһ治Ƿ˼һ飬ֻһˡ֮̾
Ŷʲôش鰡ͩʮֺ档
ģĴ֮һּңͨһλѰеңҵмˣҪϷ޹˾㲻룬ҲԸ߼ķߡ֮˵֮󣬾һתʵСӾȻԷϤߣҪȱҪߣҪжص򣬻ҪзǷƿҷ߳Ʒ̫ٵͣһߵʱ䣬㹻ļˡȻûбࡣ
ʵ꼶ѧﶩ˼׷ߣô⣬ܲưɣԣҾͽû뵽ּˣѧ˰ɣͩ׵˵
ãּҵҲ̫Ե˰ɣ֮һе˼ˣŭʦʦĹأԭֻҪŵ⣬۸ʾͿԽ¡ѧУ֮Բðһλɢʦ˽ȥûУһ߿Ƽ˾µʦЭᷴӦ£
ǣʦ飬ϣΥصġҪʦǵĵƣϾϲɵʦԲ٣ҽߣ˭Ϊһ鷳⣬Ҫһ⻹ˣ
֮ɵʦΪ˺ˬʶ˲ͬʦеҲõģԵԲ
ͩͼ֮ᣬż֮뿪󣬲ŻصᣬЦּ鷳ඡ
Ȼ֮뿪λѣֱ˵ذλѸһ٣ȥֵ˵ǲæġ
֮λҲһλʦѾĳ͹˾ְʦˡôˣסӿʵټ㷢ôĻ𰡡
ߣĴ֮һǺôɰǽӲ⣬˭⣬ȻҪǵͬ⣡֮мط̵˵գһ
ԭˣˣףҵĲԣҲǰѶѣּ˲أǲǾˡ˳̾һ˵Ҳмˡ
ˣһ£ȸˡ֮׼ʦЭˡ
ףȵȣ嶯¸û֤ݣͱЭȥ鷳ġʮ˽ѣæȰ
֪˼黹ǲҪڵ̨ΪҪѵּңǻ𣿡ӰԼĽ˵˳̨ܰϣǿ˽磬Ϣһţٺٺ١
ּǿ£вĳλʦ˽⣬һ޹ʦ֮Ϣеʦҵ֮дˣɵʦѾְʦԴ˱ʾͷ߿ĶΪһЩɵʦʦǸǷ߿
ּұˣʦǷ׷׶ּҵˣʦһְҵѡԺǿʱͻ㡣
ּҵλרߵʦΪľɭּҸӹľҳľҲΪһλʦҲڰѸӹĵλıչ
ּԸְľʢó˲棬ľɭּңľɭΪ˼棬ֻ׸ּңȢּҼá
ҲвѵģҵڵõҵϢ֮󣬲ɵһȡ
ּҼİ칫֮˿ּҼӵ˼ҶĴѶľʦ


85  ֯
ɡּҼͷӦ
ľɭ˽һ˵²ˡ
ľ֣㼱ģҲҰ㿸šֽӦ
ʢǿһλʦҪӵж⣬Ƿʦļɻ䣬ҵʦԴ˱ʾľɭżػ㱨
ʲô£ֽҲˣɴСģˣ
ּҼūΪܸɣһι¡νǴ⣬ҲЩš˿ùˡ
ôµģΪʲô涼Ǽ´÷зģֶֽΣʵϣֶƽķ²ܡ
¾ûй¶κϢҪ˵й¶ҲֻСӸɵġֵ̿˵
ľɭһüͷֱ壬䲻룬һССūţؼҲûͻƣһһģĵسƺһλʦʵ̫Դˡ
ܺãǳãһŶѣмֲŻȻΪܹϼԿǲ֪ôֽŭƽ¶ŭ⡣
ľɭּҴ˽꣬᲻ֽĺ壿ɵÿȰǧҪǿһλʦ
ɣȷ涨κȺʦΪܵɵƲãһеʦǹĸ߶˲ţʦҲǹۺϹһ֡
ľֲҪţҲġ˰ľֻȥɡʱ仹ľֶһ£ȶɹһؾͺˡֽ΢ЦŰľɭˣϵıߣʦΣּҵˣк³ĳ˰֮µʦ𣿡
ȥһʦɵӲŻɵĴ¡

ͩصѧУϵһ壬һҰõ棬ƷǶԼõĲ֮⣬Ķһɽ壬Լࡣ
£֮ƺͩԼĹ׵Ѿﵽİ٣㹻øĸһ˽˹ѵˡ
ͩã˽ϵ˷ٽ
ͨͨѶ֮󣬷ٽȻϳͩЦеʵСӣ겻һҲû䰡ʲô£
ģǾˣ꣬ǼиĸȴˣһֱҪüиĸҲѡͩ˵
Ǽ򵥣˹ѼӶҲУǲشԶܵ۹ȥˡֻ˹ҲѵģĹ׵㹻𣿡ٽʵ
ֻİٹ׵㣬ֻһ˾ѣܲҲϣͩʵ
ٽмֳɣӶȻãɾûй׵ÿܹҶһĹ׵Ƶġ
᳤ͨһ£飬ġͩĿ˵⻰֮⣬ǻ᳤һеȨӦûɣ
ٽһвһĨ⣬֪ͩڵλڻʼҸߵѧԺ֮Сʦ̶̼ͽ꼶
ðɣ֧ҲУһңٽ˵
л˿ͩ˵Ӧ
ͩ˿ʣµֻʮҺһǧѧ㣬ûô࣬ͩԽ裡
ڶ죬ͩԼС
벻ȴԼˡ
ͩѧܣʱǧҪУŵĵһ仰
˻ν⣿ֵͩʵ
ͨءɫЩػش
ʲôͩˡ
һһֱڷģйٷͨĺɫ֯ǾһЩɱԽǮֵǹģ࣬ǵȴ൱ӲвҪеļһﱻɵضڰɽһķȴ̸ɫ䡣˵ɫãǴӲԴ֣ǵǺˮˮ
ͩЩ磬û飬ǲȥġûΣǵ棬ûеǣǲվΪġ
ҼأʽͩѧܣԼңԼԸ⽫Ů¼ޡԼҳ棬ȻҰѧôġмε˵
ͩ̾һź˵ԲѧСɹˣʵܲԼһ׮Ҫǰæء
˵û̴Ӧ
Ŷܼ򵥣Ǯ֪ԼԸԸңҿǩǷƶٷߣǮ󽻻еĻֻõȥˡͩҡͷ˵


86  ڵǷծ
סˣڲСĿ
֪Ŀ̫һЩɣԸΪԼһǧټߣհãҲƷϵġͩ˳ֵò
һ¡嵹һҲˡ߱ƣֵȻ͸ߡľɭרƷߵʦһּҼȻһλŮ£ľɭּҡһǧټߣֵܼԳ߰ϡ
ϽϵϼĸסףͩԸǩһǧټߵİԼǽҡ
ʲôԼҼ⻰ҲˣϸһµʧȻҲͩԼǿġľɭּҵĸӹ壬ּҵĴҲľҶþ޴ļͷչᡣͩĳľɭȫͬ
ԴӦǰɣԼҸ𣬵ҪӸޡԼҼҲʮֹϣԼҰһ
õġӦתͩ˵ҸͬˣֻҪϼӸޡ
ޣʮΣͩ˵
ʮꣿţԣһڴӦʮʱ䣬ڴؼʿ˵һҲ
ãǰѺԼǮ׼ãʱǩԼͩһڴӦ
ڶ죬ԼҵĺԼ͵ͩǰͩϸ˼飬صͷǩ˴
졣Це˵ңѾʻˣ鿴һ¡
ͩ˵ͷʻ˳һƣȻڡ
ˣҲøˡͩôĴ۽ڣ϶ҪҪ죬Լﲻʱˡ
ѧߡͩذͳᡣ
ͩ漴ϵ˷ٽ˵᳤ǮѾ׼ˣ֪ʲôʱԿʼ
ţͿԡٽҲɴ࣬˹ѶѣԼȨŪһ׵úܡ
ͩǳ˵شӦǧл֮ͩϵ˻Σżٻؼҡ
εҲɴֱ࣬ӴӦ
ͩ˼֮ûͣѧУֱȥ̵÷еͨȻܳУš
ͩص֮ʱĸڿͨڼ̳ء
֡裬һˡͩе
ףôˡر磬ϲӭסѾֵ߳Ķӡ
ǺǣһϢѾΪ˹ѵϣǾͿȥӶᣬ᳤ȥ˹ˡͩĵ˵
˹ѣͨȵ˵
ӣ˵ģš
Ȼͩ϶صͷش
˵˹ѵǳ󣬶ҹӦôõģͨʵ
ϰ֣˼۹˹Ƿǳ󣬿ӶȴǶúܣֻǲ⿪Ŷѡͩ͵⻰滰Ӷļȴ˿ţֻӶΧԱĻᡣӶй涨ģΧԱҶٻ־ͿԻȡ˹ѣʽԱٹ׵Իȡ˹ѣⶼĹ涨˵ġЩǴ̼ԱرΧԱϽһֶΡ
еúܣٽҲܶȨްͩһ
λ˶Ǯʵ
ࡣͩ赭дҪȥ
Ƕ٣ͨͬʵ
İٹ׵Ҷѡͩʵػش
ʲôǲҪǧңͩĸȵýг
֡裬ʦǮʲôˣܹ׬ͩɫȰǶ׵ˣԺһ뿪Ƕϣ׷Ӹߵľ硣ĸ֮ûбΰ뿪ǡҡ
ТͩǰĻӰĵطǰԼϵûоТĻᣬһҵĸĸԼӵİԪǶ˰뱲ӣȴܻøӳãͩΰԶΣ
ðɣǽܶӵһƬТġͨһڴӦҪӦǣȻѾ̤ǿ֮··ֻܽˡϣҵĶӣպܹΪݴ½֮ϵĴڡ
ĸĸӳŮɷͨһִţϣܹͩΪһΰڣҲʱ׷
֣裬ҴӦǡͩ϶ػش
ãӻˣȥһٷḻ͡꿪ĵشЦ
ͩͨͩеͩԼķϷ֮ʵô£
֣ôֵ֪ͩʵҪԼԼ֪


87  ˹
ҰⷻУұ㻹ҪϤö࣬ʱҲһֱ켣ɽС֮ҲȥýˡǵʶһЩֵܻһЩǱߣҲżȻһԼɲŵõϢġͨȻֻмϰżȴԶͩӷḻ
ʵ˵ҲЩĪģǰѧУĽ̵δȥҰΣǸɵ˰˸ؼʦĪ˰ͩҡҡͷ̾
ɵ˰˸ؼʦ٣ģСӣȻˣûо԰֮ǰþһֱѧУˡôҲҳ嵽ʼҸߵѧԺȥҰġͨѵһͨ˳ͩķ䡣
Ծʮ꣬ôô׾ͱͩɵˣѵ³ԱܰͨҪԶͩǵø̡
һ˿ĵسһٷڶһ磬һھͳţûþ͸ϵӶᡣ
ͩŸĸ¥˷᳤Ȱѷø֧ˡأͩһƷȥ
ţˣǸɡٽЦеµ˵ҡ
Ҿˡٽָһ޴Ĵ˵
Ӵڿȥڷһʽ壬ǳǰƻõӰЩֻۣЩȫƵģ濴档Ҳво͹Ա
ңһоŸѲգΰ֮һϧǳɱĻ࣬˶Ծѣǽǿٱǧٽ̾
ˣͩţ˸ҽɡٽ˴˽ȥͬʱһ˰Сʱϸ˶֮ͨĸ׼Ѳڡ
ٽҲˣվͩһЩȴš
ȰɣͬˣѵʱҲͬٽЦ˵
л᳤աͩͷӦ
С£С¡ٽصͷشͩţ˽ȴûа֮ɫ̬ҲǷٽԸæԭ֮һһδǳǰ;ߴʦãһʷǳ
䱦ʶ֮п˵֪ʱ˹Ѻʱõǲһԭӣûо͸Ƿ󣬸޷ռ
ͩ⻰һۣ䱦˵ܺʱ𣿡
ܡ䱦мػش
ǲˡܱȣǻ˵ʲôͩ
䱦µøɴ಻˵ˡ
ʮСʱȥˣڰʱ֣ȳɹѣѲгˡֹСʱͨҲųɹͻƣѲг
˶һͬ㣬Ǿǿȥǰʮ꣡
ͨ磬ǣҲˣΪؼǿˡһֱڻûƽͨӵһ
ǰǰͨͬ
ˣҴǳȥɣȵְҵ֮Ҫףؼףٽ΢Ц˵
÷᳤ЦˣһǶл᳤ˡͨҲǸмسٽл
һ˻ص˾¥˲ְҵԡ
һͨǳź˶ʦְҵûκʦ츳ͨľ˫ԣ65ľ60ȥгΪռǿߵǱǴԣԴ70ҲͬгΪռǿߵǱ50ϵĶǱͻռȻԴ㹻Ļ20µϲģҲܹ񡣲ķѵԴʮֿŶѡϣֻҪǾ˵ˣгϣ
ˣй£ͨǹӶŮʿҲͬļӶпǼ빫ᣬΪʽԱҪһ£Ϊλ˹ѣһ㡣ΪʽԱҲֻ²Աһ㣬ΪŲԱٽ˵
к𣿡ͩʵ
²ˣͬ׵ƶȵȵȸֻҪΪṤģ·ŵؼȥ֣õ׵ķʽΪǷ˲֮ġŲ˵㣬ԴһȨ󣬸ᣬṩõĳɳ᲻Ǳľ֮ǰΪ¡Ȼڴڼ䣬ΪûΪ£ҲγɳӻİȫͬҲΪջ񡣡ٽ˵
ԭˡͩͷӦƵģзģҲзġȻĸӷɵø߸Զǿ
Ƕ˿Կһʱ𣿡ͨʵ
ȻԣǡٽǳӵӦʵͨĸӲ붼ûϵ˹ѵĴؼͷǲΪ·׵ģż˵ˣͩӶˣȻڷڣһͩһɳ죬ռӶĸ߲㡣


88  
֯ʮˣÿһΪڴ߼ϣжأݺɽСɽһʮ꣬޶ɢǵĴУʮǰһСΧˣӴ伣
ͩͨԼõĹڰ鱨ϡ
ͩصѧУ֮󣬳Ʒ߻ծ֮⣬оȴģС֯
һʧʮ֯ͻȻð˳̫һɣѵΪԼɵǵĳԱ
ЦͩԲţȻԼɵЩһҲʲôöǺͰһġ
죬ڰԽԽ࣬ͩù׵Ӷ˲ٸϸ鱨
ϸԱ֮ͩһĵطǾǰɢʵ࣬˵ʾòֻ࣬ռ10ңǶһЩСȴռϵ90
֤ʲôȴͩӿ϶Լɵǰ˾Բǰˡ𰸺ܼ򵥣ΪЩϵõĴָǴ˲ˣûһָеװǳõģȫһЩߡ֤ٵĶһЩʵɫɢޣɢǡǡǰ۵ġ
ҴЩװƽ𼶵ıϰߣһ©ǰˣƷƽ𼶷Ҳװϡ
õ˽֮ͩͲˣԼûеﰵΪʲôҪԼأֻһֿܣǾǮˡ
ֻּͩҺؼңرּң
ͷ©β󱲣ͩмƲƲ죬Ϸŵһߣȥˡ
ͩףԼûгѧУĴ㣬ͲˣּҸҳѧУԸʱϵԽãԼΪԽߣʵԽǿ
δѣҲһЩ׼СͩȻںͨвͬҪԼʵв䡣
ΪϵĽչʱ˵ȶҪͻƴҪһʱ䣬Ϊܽʵ
ͩҰγ̻֮󣬾ͷһʲôǱ
ֶκܶ࣬˷֮⣬ص㡢ȵȡ
ͩЩ濪ʼʶƣϣͩǲȱ٣װľƷƽս£Դ죬һɷƣԶͨĻƽս¡
ͩҪǶϢԼƲ䡢ɶõķ
ǣܹõĶֻһ֣ǾѪݣҪȼվѪԲж򲻵üͩɲáǿţ˳㻹ռһЩ侫ѪԪҩжҪзĳֶӦ¸ͩ˿ֻǴıԵԶء
Ĵͷڷϣߣķߣ߲Ƿ
Ϊ˻ծͩÿ춼ѴʱƷߣԼͲ򷨱ƵʱͲˡ
ԣͩĶóһִµƷȺַҲֻͩӵзϽ¯õ
ͩΪ˼ʮΣԼһֻܹ߼ߣٶĻɹʲұ֤Ҳ͸֧
ȺһɺӵȱݣǾƳߣƷгġ˵ˣҪҪһƷߵʱͩı£ֻҪʵĻĳɵĿƳɻƽ𼶣ĳɵĿƳɰʣɿʧܣвϱϡ
дǷծʱһǧټߣûҪﵽƽ𼶡
ԣͩɴȺһ߼ߣʣµͿоԼĶˡ
ĳܵĵʮɫȫںڰеļһǣڸһ˼ʮˣǰֽ
ϣǸûа취ְСӹڻʼҸߵѧԺ棬ѧУƣǸʹ򲻽ȥΪѵػ㱨
ˣˡֽȻ÷񣬿Ҳ鲻ܹˡķӿгּҵĲҵܵصĴѾʼϱ֧ˣȥּҲ壬ҲԪˣĴڶλãģ˳ĴУ
ߣСӵļ̫ͥˣȻԼǾͱֽͬͩıϡ
ϵ˼ǣЩȷ
ߣ׽ļˣʹҪʱʹκֶΣ֮ҽ¡ֽһ˵˵Ͷ뿪ҡסɾһ㡣
ϷģסʮͬӦ
ֽ뿪ˣһ⣬˭뵽һŵ֯Դľ񲿶أּһȡԼңΪĴ֮ףǿΪּǧΰļ


89  ܵĲ
ƽܵ÷ǳؿ죬ͩѾƺһõķΪͱ󣡴˲Ʋ֮УƲڻϢԶǧʹóΪģʮ׷ԲһռϢǿѹȵϢйڲ
ִ֪ͩܲԶ֮һܹԤ֪δСĽͩƳһ˱ܿᦳ
Ƴһ׷֮ͩԼͻƽᵤ֮ԼƱһˡʵоϱִ߻ҪһЩ
ִ߻·ơӡϺϳɵȵȷ棬ֵ൱ϸǷȴȶҪ򵥵ö࣬ϵĴ䵱ȻҪҲģ֮ʱҪӡӦķ֮ʱӦƣĳ;Եú˹ۼһ㡣
ͩһ׷ǳǿԱͩ׷˵Ԫһʱʹˡ
׷ͩµʱ䣬㳤Ҳ̡ȴСΪȻǴ弶ʶ֮ȴνʶָ֮һʦǿҪǿ󡣡ȻΪʥУƷҲʶǲ˵ʱҲ൱ඣ
߰ɣȵðǷծˡͩϢһ죬ֿʼæµ

ҹºڷߣұӭʮİ˵ĵá
ʮˣɫս£ߡ˿ʮ˾;ۼһСջ
ϴ󣬶Ѿ׼ˣʱж
ãҵϰˡϾšʮʮһ콫ΧС֮СôųڣٵڵͨѶ豸סһ£ҪþȫȫݶѶڣ˸ҳץˣڡϤزõ
ϴ󾡹ܷģֲǵһˣϰżСһʲôĵĻǸòЩ׼ֱӳȥץ˾ˡʮ˵
ˣʮϾģǲԻ֮أǲòСģҵĶҪ졣϶Ӧ׼ô󷨣һ£Ҳܾ쳷ˡɲСеĳǷѲ߶ӵķӦٶȺǿʵ
ʱ䣬賿һ룬賿һжǳרҵָӵͩĻһǳԾ֧ľ̶ȣǲеɱԽǿһ֧Сӡ
賿㣬ϢǴʱ䣬ʱҲиʱ򡣲ܲɵǣͨȴû˯ܹ֮
ڰʼжʱ򣬱ıװúͨѶ豸Ѷڵϵͬȱʵųڸݻ١
棬˹٣޸޸ʱʮСʱѶƷߣڣֻҪûбͨѶ󱻴ݻ֮ҲܹԶ޸ڱͬʱˡΪʲôѶȻȴȻ˵ԭͨѶ豸ڿȫˣֻµˡ
ͨӦ죬·Ҳ˲ôͨȿ˱ķ󷨣ǵĶЩϲĻӦǰɵġ
ô죿ǳȥĶҲʮʹϡ
粻ͨǱˣǱΧˣȥ·һɡͨʮⴳԵɲǳԴ׵ġ²ţķӦ
ͨ״ɨ赽ڶ˵ڱ󷨿֮󣬾ʧȥĿꡣȻ󷨰״ɨ赲ˡ
Ӧٶȿ찡ѾˣǿɡϴֱԭǴͬһʱǱȥģĵĸ߼ҲٵģԴķԤϵͳʮȽȻԤװñݻˣǷȴڣټӦѸ٣ȫ˱ķ󷨣ֻǿһ;ˡ
ͨӽָȡʱըһߣһ߰װڱ֧ŵϡ
ͨ磬Ǹ꾪ȵ
͵ǻϲġͨʹõĿͨӶ򵽵ĴʽըߣȻҲжʱңعܡһߣǳһͨһһͰװʮ
ô죿ɻʵ
̫СˣڼǰյϢ֮󣬾֪鲻ˣͿʼ׼ˡͨҲװһըȻ䴦һأ¶һ
ߣǽȥɡͨһߣͨһ߰װը





90  壨ϣ
µص
꾪ȵؿңȵ⣬ܾһҵûǮ
࣬ڶѣһ˼²Ųɵģǽȥɡ߽ͨңϻš֮оȻһϵͳܹر
ܾ־һľʯܹܲʮƽ׵ңܾĺǽڣȫܹû󷨱£״ɨ衣
Ҫ֪Ҳģ̽⵽ʽĶܣ˾֮⣬ûа취ǷͲڵ֮
ʲôطģеģ˵ٴҲߣϵζˡ
Ӽػ濴Ѿҡҡ׹״̬ˣͬʱ֮ڵĸķҲˡķϵҪǧű׼ʯ
ͨ磬ǹıԶǵˣǶô죿һתֵͩˡ
ûа취ֻܵʮСʱˡͨҲûϵĵطҲûжųڵΧ
ϧ󷨷ǳѲãҪרҵ󷨴ʦܲúƳ̣Ҫﲼһ󷨵ĻǾܹʱˡͨ̾󷨴ʦԲøǲܵģ̾͸ˣΪ̣ڶսԼĶ϶ڶ¢ˣͨǮҲûط
ʮСʱǶӻ᲻°껹Ƿǳġ
꣬Ҫ֪Ѿˣ̤ǿ֮·ûлͷĿˣ㿼Ҳǡͨ˿Ҳǳìܣ˵ˣʲôҲˣľǱ֤ǵİȫܸϵ©
Ѹٹ˱ķ󷨣˱֮ڣʼСͷ󷨣ЩҲ֧ͬŲ˶á
ϴ󣬱̫ˣǸ֪ǲȳȥİ졢ġ塢ʮˣҪѱҪʱ䡣
ߡǻָ˶Ҳæϴֱ˵غе˽æѡ
źߺţʹų֮󣬷׷׷ҩŸƷʯָûҲָҵжû⡣
˳˱ʼСͷ󷨡
ֵͨһֻ̾ЩˡȻԱߵһɫŦ
䡪һǿҵıըԱΪı
ûĢƣĳԼƬȻűըĳɢ
ãС󷨷ϰˡϾšʮʮһˣ׵ܵ
ȫסɢҲΣա
϶ԶĴԶԶؿһУҸܵǿҵУ֪ˡ
٣ԻϵͳϰˡϾšʮʮһǿ쳷ˣ϶Ѷ
ϴǡ
ûʱˣѲ߶ѾˣôĶٲ˾Ӳˡ϶˴󷨣㣡
ɶ񣡡󷨵ˣȷ󷨱Ƭ̣˼ʱ˻ͨ뿪ˡ
һһˣ϶ͻٵ˴
ڰ֯ܳѨɫǳѿɶմ㣬벻ȴۡʮȥֻ˰ȫϴǾŹ˱ըҲᱻѲ߶ץסֻ·һ
벻һӾȻ˷񣬾ȻǿԻϵͳͬھ˶ΪҵѾˣǾ벻ͨǹǡ
ô죬ʧܣʧλ֡Ͼ˺һЦʵ
ʱһ⻭ͻȻڷгֽ֣Ӱˣһ־ɫʵôµģô󶯾𣿡
϶ʧػشʧˣĿ￪Իϵͳϴͬھˡ
ֽˣòѪʮ꣬˾޴ѪĶڼ֮⣬κصģֻһָӵľСӡΪ֧Сӣܹо߳ΪּҼҰּĴڶһ
֧Сӣÿһ˶Ǿϸѡ¶֮ӱţÿһǱռٹһ꣬˵Ͼһ֧ռİСӣǸʱּһǿٱ
֧СһһԱ˴룬ʮֻʣ˻ˣʣµ˾ûҲˡ


91  壨£
⾿ôһ£ֽŭʵ
ġ϶վ˳ϸһ顣
Ϊ飬Ϊȫ벻һ֮ңСӣԸҲȻˡֽǿ侲˼ţСӵ֪˴£Ǻ룬Ҫˣ
ϵСӣĸİȫʹɽ֮İٻȣȻ󳹵׽ˣκκ󻼡ֽ񵱼¾ˣϢһɢСӺܾܿ͹ѧУﲻˣҪֻ֣ҪʦֶΣԼǾ˵ٶȣһΪߴʦͽΪּҵĸ󻼰
ͩϣмѹ֣лҪͷˡͩ÷ָ˰죬ҲûеõʲôõϢ
֮ͩ𽥵ҲŪ÷÷Χˣܵطѹȣǰһ㲻ʧ
÷㣬ֻܲصһЩ£µĲ㷶ΧܳͩΪΧȻʱѪҲʱ򣬶÷񣬲ʱʹá
ͩȴǳãԺʵǳ֮¶ʱκԼ϶ᱻԼһҲһ֮Ҳ
㲻飬ֻԭһ־ʲôҲûУһ־Ѿ˲ķΧҲ˵ԼԶԶԼĲ㷶Χ
ͩεطͷ
˿Ѿˣ߼ȻϮҪ֪ƬｨģΪԾǲӡĸͷôӵۣز´Ҫ֮ưץ֣ۣȫǽϣǳŻǴ󣬶Ҫϸ̲顣
ûȫ´ﲢִеʱͩӵһض֪ͨĸĸǵУҪǣһɽа֮İٻȡסһˣԸǡ
ͩӿһǿҵıŰϢһֻصĳ嶯ķԶת֮䣬Ϣɢ࣬ͩһָǣ¶һаЦݣܺãּңҼסˣû꣬Ҹĸ飬ҪȫãܡǰɣߣǺݣǱǵģӲ㻹ҵè˰ۣ֮ŭͩԣ۾Ǹĸˡ
ͩ취ϵˣͨѶͨĹ̶ͨѶҲһͨ
̣ʺĻ쵰
ͩһƿڴϧûһ֡УԺһ˷ţԸĵˣɾҪЩ쵰ףң˵һεĿʼ
ͩϽʰһȳĸĻǸôأţɴԶУ˳ּҵΧ
ͩ뵽ѧȫһɸƷʯҰƳķȫʼĸ壬һʱͶѶȻİһһñ뿪ᣬķȥ
ɽгͩﳵٻȿȥ
ٻȣһ໨ĺ«ɽȣĻʤҲϰ֣Եٻȡٻ֮ĲǻǹеĶߣɽԭ㣬жЩߵļֵȴԴ˴
˿̰ٻ֮УȴŲڶʮ֮ࡣٻ֮⣬ʮá
ֽҪ˺ƤˣȻּҵĸֹȴͷĻּҵĴС㣬ּһһ֮Ƶ
С㣬ոյϢҪȵˣԲسֵġһս׵˹˵
ֻ֪Ҹ׷ҪҸҲǼԸһ˵ġ
ǵǣŲߣСϵ˵õŵʱ򡣡˳羴˵
Сӣһͨѧõôʦڵ𣿡ʵ
С֪СӣԼұǸʦּΪ֧ҵӰ죬Դ˱
˷ѰͲ£𣿡üʵ¹ؼҵ˥Ҳûа취
ǡ˳һ¡
ʲôҪ𣿡ɫ̸ӱ䣬ɫҲ
²ңϣҵȷ֮ǰȥ׽ͩĸ˭뵽߸ͬ˵ĸĸһͬھѾͶԷ𣬱Ҫնݳԭ˾ǰ֯Ķ񰵻ѾʽɢʣµİԱϼļ֮С
֮ޱ飬Ҳ˵ˣʲôͲö֪ˡ


92  ׵徳
ͩʵûбҪȥģҲףܿĸĸѾûˣȥҲѡ䱦Ȱ
ˣض˵ˣѾɷΪΪĸңҲȥһ𣿡ͩݾܾػشǰ·һ·Ҳ޻ڣ
䱦˵ˣ̬ͩμȰûõġȻǲ̫˽ָͩ顣
㲻÷Լһ£ȥǰ;Σ䱦˵
˵ҲǳɻΪʲôԪ屦䡷ûͩתƻ
ߣΪأޱȣ֪Ϊⷽ򡢲⸣ͨ󾳽硣һĴ֮ϣ׵Ϊһĸ߶֮󣬾ͱҪ߳ԼĵԶŸʥ֮У̫ʥڵʥʥʥ׵Ůʥͼʥڷңʥڽʥ֮ԶʥϤľЩҲϤһЩʥÿһ˶Լĵ·ǿԿɵΰڡ䱦ڽ͵
˼˵ԺҪΪʥҲ߳Լĵ𣿡ͩԭΪԼ崫оԵǿ۷壬ڿ崫ֻǴжѣ֮;ǳɵ֮
˵̤һ·˵Щ㲻̫һ𣿡䱦м˵
ͩ˵ˣ룬벻׵󾳽֣֮ǰǸ񲻵ġ
ܸҽһ׵󾳽Ļ𣿡ͩ˵
ⷽÿ˵һһָԵĸǰǳԹ𣿲⸣ֻˣ˾ߣܹףھʹĳڡܹԼ٣ٵ֮ǰиӦǰ磬츳Ȼܲ͸֮ˣβ͸ǲβ͸䱦˵ĸ磬ͨǿɾˣߣԶҲβ͸硣ܹͨ磬ùȥʱգת˻Ǵ˵еľ磬ܹ֪仯𣬿͸ȥδͨԤ
ͩˣȻ׵ֻ󾳽磬⾳̫Ʈˣβ͸ԶҲͩԼǰ̫һЩ÷Ҳܵģû㹻ľ磬Ҳò
ͩȽ˵ģǰѧ׵ʹһܹڶ磬ҲɾͲСˡ
ָͩһ㣬ǰ·Ǵ֮ȷ֮Σ˽֮ײ޽⣬ֻҪΣ󶼻ʾסЩĵʿҪǴһ֮¾Ǵס
Լڶ
ͩˣһҪ·͵ܡϧ粻ͩһ£ĸǷˡ
Ȼ󾳽ϵĻ֣ϣҪΪˡͩв⸣ռǿߵʱһؼҲⲻͬģͩвľ磬ԸǿʱҲʧЧǸʱʲô㶼ǼٵģĻ
һּҲõ޵©ģܹóʹԵĲǳԼΪʵ֮Ĵڡ
ͩΪ֮󶨣еףȻ㡣
ٻȣͩһȷǳͩ±ܶɢ߷ۣٻȵĵΣվͿԺˡ
ȿڵλǴλã̤ͩɽȵһ̣ڵĵȴ˾͵õϢڴͬʱȿھͱ˸ˡ
漴һĲϮͩûиоɲΣԣѶָеѶҲ޷赲ųƻ
棬˹٣޸޸ʱʮСʱͩѶǼ֤ϵģƺӸ߼һЩ޸ֻҪʮСʱڴͬʱӶĸҲ޷ṫˡ
ΣҲɱ󣬲صǡ䱦ҵ˵
߽ͩɽȣڹȵһʯϣվӰˣһɴŮӡ
ͩʶŮӣǰԼѧһսּҴС㣬벻ּҾȻſֱӰ䵱ָӣԾǲҪƤˡ
ԭּңּҾǰͩЦ˵
Ȼˣǹʶġҧгݵس޵
ðɣӮˣԸЭּңҸĸɡͩûպЩ˷ϻֱ
ܿϧΪʲôӦأҵһ֣ӿʮ˴˷ͩΧˡҾȥĸĸ
ͩɫһһʹַҪͶԷͬھıŰһӿͷͩǿѹзڵŭ𣬻ָǣʵΪʲô
Ϊǿش㲨Ҳûа㲨


93  ֲս
ˡͩͷųԼװһƽս£һ档
ϣ³һ֣վԭأؿͩ
ʮʦһʦ˵Ƕκѣ
ͩͨʦתԪԪľռǿ߱ȼ磬ǿҲܹؾż۷
ţͩһתһ׽ʽۣԪжſ
Χһּʿһ£һʦȻó似˭Ҳûаһ£ʦó似ⲻǭ¿ʲô
ߣţȴûȴκε˺һʦһмȫȻûеͩɽԵնɱ˸ǿǿɱ
߽
ն
ɨǧ

һʦó˿ұ£빥ͩ
裡еĶζ趯ʱƮ죬ʱûʱʱ
ǣһȻãκɱ
һʦľдͩϣȴȫս·ָ
⣬Ʒս£㾹ȻƷս£һ£Ҫ֪ƷսϴؼҲܹʹãܹװƷսµĴؼǳϡ٣ֻźʹؼ֮еٮٮ߲ǸԪܹʹ
ƷƽսµķȻͬһ㣬ЩؼʦʹõıҲƷƽ𼶣似һҲƷͩǵһʦĹ
ߣҾͲֶܼáŭһսҲҪʹģһֱȥֱԷľȻɥ֮ʱ
֦ͻȻ۳һ޴䣬°һ֦
Ϣ޴ͷųĽֻΪڿл𣬻𻨿Ŀ
ͩŹ²ҩԼԪһŸƷʯšһʱ֮仹֧ŵס
˿̣ʹ
һʽƣͩкһΪһն£
ˢˢˢԭ޺ȻΪɱ裬֮ĿѪ
ã˶ʶΣգѾˡʦǣ˲䱻ɱΧʬʮλʦĶڴ弶ϣһնʮ˵ȫʬʣ˽ش˲зϣսɥʧ롣
ңϣŴذ˼ΪͬΪƣʱ˳һЩˣȴû֮ǡ˳һɲǣźŵա
źţյź֮󣬹ʮԤսȪӿһسɽȡ
ͩһɨ֪ӿʮλؼǿߣɫһûдǴ֮Լһļ󣬲Ҳ˲ֹ֮Уʹ
Է˶ڣսܹԼ
ûõĶߵóԼıһǿһʹõĿ²ֻ似ɣһʦȻŲڴؾż۷ʦս²صú
Ǻǣ˴˱˴ˡͩһݣҪͻͻΧھǶʣͻʤһûҽܰɣӶŲʽԱûе㱾ŵϺ𣿡
һ漴ߵ˵ҾóӶרսƣ
ͩһʱˣоߵʱ򣬰Ӷ͵·Ƭˣʱ룬ͨƷƽս£Ҳûɶرġ
ܣûôףͩҪܣҪȴͩƽ벻Ҳ
С㣬סˡҺһλּǿȻˣҩ֮սȻһ룬Ϊͩûġ
ڴʱ֧ԮԽԽˡͩſ϶ӳһٶ鱬ףƣָߣͩĴҲٶһӾӳ֮һǰѳըޱȻңм߱ըر֮ǰͩ˲зʧȥսˣըʬ޴档
ߣܲġŭˣʦʽЧҵ漴Ϲ
ʦ似ͬʦҲһЩ˵Ͷõģָ
ӭǣ˲ͩǰ֮ơͩвãⶫѵͻΧ򣿲дġ
ۣͩͭǮͷһ۾ֻ۾Ƭֻߡɣַ͹֯һ
ۣͩ˿ռĹ켣켣һȡ˲ʧ
ط鲽˵У£سɴ磬һһꡣŲҪڿռתĹ켣ϣûжԿռ䷨һ롣
۵Ĵڣȴͩһ˲̤һ
ͩһ̤˲
ֵһɲǣͩ˫ֽӡн󣬷⣡˫˳ذ
νɽƽϷݱĹӵзͬһķӡ֮Ч
ʶ㶴յĲǴؼܴķ롣Ӧʱͩ˫ѾսϣֱսµķʵϣĽͬΪؼܹߵġ
ʶܶ⣬壬һָ޷޷⣬ȻؼȻܹץҪ֪ϹʦʹģԭԸѧ
ֶ̫ͩˣֶθδţδͩȻЩΪ൱Ǳ˴վĸ߶ر
ʧȥսϵķ־ʹʧͩл潣ѽĲϣ˵ȫ𶯣ս£Ҿɱ
ңſС㣬֮ءȻŭ𣬿ȴǰһ
Ѿˣһܹһ绨ŮͬھȪ·Ҳµͩ޿ֵв
⻰˵ּǿ߶һ˼Ѿˣвƨ
ӣĻͩ˵žһӡ
һλΧʮ˵ּǿߴ
ʮսºͱԼǵĴָ
ͩŰЩȫ˹
ܺãڰȫ·飬㣡ͩ
ֻһʮվɼţ൱׳ۡ
å쵰һֱûпģ侲ò˵ڿˡ
ּҼӶˣԺ㡣ŮȵϢˣʺȫңڡͩ˴קΪһ⣬ֱ߿Ʋ㣬Ȼ󲻼Ӱ


94  Ϣ
ּҵһǿߣʱޱȾɥʮˣֳΧȦΪǿĶʮڣʮ˷ֲ⣬ֹܲ峡
ǽһսּʧأĿץŴСˡΪؼǿֵ߲Ǯּһսʧ˴и߼ĺֶʮˣֱӼԱֻʣ¶һˡ
ֶΣ̫˳Ծˣֽʮ꣬弶ΪѡǿǱС
ּյϢ嶼ˣֽǱŭͩҵۣҪѴС㰲ȫؾȻ
ֽǷŭҪǣͩҲͩļˣѵһЩ塢֮һЩʦͬѧҵʼҸߵѧԺȥ𣿸
ãºˣһ˳ԱȫҲǱ޴ĳңֽһֳԲȡ˯ĸо
ˣѴС㱻ץߵϢ͵ʦȥֽɫһת¶һ˿ЦݣҲʧΪһû
ּҷһضˣҲõϢ
ԼҼǱߣһ㵸ظˣһϢּʧô֣ȥһţԼܲ
ףˣͩѧܸһߣȻ˵ʱ޷Ǽˡ˵
޷ѧܿ治ǳ֮ּǱ˺ƤҪնݳɱ˶ʮλи߼ĺ֣׽ܵˣָأʱӴԼҼںߵ⣬ʮޣԼҼҲͩҲ¶Ѷˡ
ӶǱߣҵ˷ٽ
᳤ǾţεʵҪһЩӶǷֻֽĵӸҶӶˡ
ǹأ֪㵣СӵİΣСŲĳԱķʽ涨µĹأҲΪǣСӶһĻᣬǾͿ˳سˡٽ̾
ͩô˵žּҵ˸ɵģΪͩ˳ܿ԰ɣʵ
ǰɵģ˵ּҾּ֤أٽʵ
᳤Ӷᣬǿĳѵһּ𣿡ŷŭطʵΪʲôŭ֮ŭˡ
ִ£ؾǹأǹصƶߣͬҲعء֪ŭֺγأͷƶģҲ޿κΰΥأ߿Ƽ˾ǲŹǵġٷĹϽΧǲȥ֡ٽĳ˵
󳬼ǣƣලͬάķչ׳
ų̾һûж˵ʲô
ҲҪѾͷ㱨˴£Ѿ´йͩ鱨ΪĲ鱨ֻҲյϢġٽЦе˵
ٺòˡҲЦˣּҲһеǧ壬ԼسŲӰٵҲйϵ磬ǿ쵽ʮкͶСҲڴˣͩԶôּҪҵǲܵġֻӶĳӵб鲼ȫ鱨磬Ӷ᲻ּСȥɡ

ͩ°֮ģ֪ȥ
ԶھٻȶϷ֮һȻɽ֮УͩϢָԪһ֮ڣǴ֮;θı䷽򣬿Ҫɳϡ
˿̣ͩᵽ׵һĲⷽĺôˡ⼸θı䷽򣬶޾գȫޱȡ
ɽڱᦵЧΧ֮ڣǼΪɺϣûܹҵ
ͩҲ֪Լڵɽʲôˣɽɽ֮ڶ֧֮һֳɰʮÿһľһһСڵڿǿֻǿǿһǡ
ͩ˰ͼ֮뿪ǿ뿪ͩʦһӵ߿Ƽ˾ְ֤յʦȫ½ͨСͩĳᱻɼץ֮ġ
ɽһ䣬סΪеߡָͩˡ֮ǰڰٻȵջһ֮ͩ˽ɡ
ɱ˷Ż˵ùȻͩпԼ÷ʱʻֻвʮҵֽ𡣵ȻƷʯϵǲ١
ͩϢֹ˰죬ǻָȫʢ״̬Ϊо
ʱݺݵصͩͼͩĽ
ͩ΢Ц˵㲻ð׷˼ˣҵĽһżȻõƾǽⲻġ
ģôʵ
ôּ̫Եˣĸ֮𲻹찡Ҳּңôģͩͬػش
ƾ㣿ˣּǧ꣬һֱǧÿһռǿرּңʵ֮ǰǧǿҸҲҪͻΪռˡּǧĵ̣һССɢܺ뱨±Ӱɣһı䡣
ῴġͩػش
ûдһǿ󣬲ֻǼô򵥣м̡Ϊ̣ԴһЩѹ׵ĲΪ֪ĵơ
ǣΣּͩͳ̶ܹȵԼĽٶȣӱʮ겻ͩھٻһս֮󣬱ǰӳ죬侲ǡ
ͩŮն鹦˽๦ҪնġĹͻ᳹ݣҴŮǬ֮õ˫޶¯¼һƪ˫طΪ޼ʹΪٽܾԪáܼ˶֮ɵð˶֮С棬֮㽫ᵽױȵĺô䱦ͻȻȰ
ͩһ㶣ԭ䱦һһ·϶û˵ԭɨ䱦ĻͩˣͩЩһظ֮
𣿡ͩһԺеϢҵˡ޼ϸһ顣֪һ֪ͩԭ˫޲е಻νͺϣ̺֮Դİ
ƪ޼ܸܸƪķԭܸ٣壬ȻǸ׼ģ̫ǸŮ׼ġ˫֮ʱÿһ˫ʱͻһȥٴ桢ȥħЧ
Ϊȥٴ棿쳾ٿ࣬ˣʱʵѾ쳾ȾˣԶߣֱ֮Ϊߣ׷ȥٴ棬޵һűĲ徻ľ硣һеľ磬ӵ־ˣδе·ĺô
־粻û޳ɣǺά־硣־粢޳ɾˣҪȥά֣ʱʱ飬Ⱦ㳾


95  ĸѶ
ֻͩǿһ;Ϊ˫޶¯յϢܽΪһĵġ
ּ֮ǰͩеĳֻзйϣ̫ˡ
Ǿ鹦ɣͩ΢Цʳˮ˹
ʲôܵظо˵ﲻ
ԸңĹ𣿡ͩЦǺǵʵͩʵģûָش
ľؼ׹ľͻشˡ
ľڵĹڵĵӣͩʵڣͩӶֲͼϿһйɣһһҲ˵һÿһֻһӣҶŮӡҪ࣬Ը͡
Ϲʱڣռ·½ʱ쳯⣬ֻа˸ϵ۹½˷ֻռ˴½ʮ֮һ󲿷ֵط޺ͶռţҲвʱͳǳķ½ͬһǧķչ½֮˵۹ͳΡϹʱڱʽռŴ½Դչ
󲿷ڷչ󣬶ݱɻң۹Ĵ½ȻȻвŴڣǿʷƾõĴŻǸҺ͸۹ҡڹҷΧڵȻҪ˰ġģŰ˸֮Уչ
ЩţеʧʷĳУеŷչ£ҲܹңΪſ֮һҪ֮гһλֻң֦ɢҶͳһӵиۺԴ
Ȼ꣬ʵԶﲻĳ̶ȡ
꣬ȥΪ˲ģʵϣڴһֻǵߴѡ˵ǿǵʦվżΪʥֻһ֮ңݺǿǧ꣬
֪ڵĵӣӦڵʵԲܺģңҿԲ׷¡˵
ؼ׹ͩмҡҡͷ漴ѡ޼˳ƪȻСԪ屦䡷֮УֻǱʥ¼ڱ֮Уһĵմķȴڲ⴫ķ룬֮ͩʱȻᣬԪ𶯣Ԫ֣
Һããû𶯵Ϣȥ
һһ߿Ԫֵ󣬲ɵ𾪵ɵˣϸƪİ
ֻͩĲ֣Ҳֵķ
ôƪĸģͩЦʵ
ɫףԪִ˵еֻ񼶹Ż֡ؼ׹ƪ񼶹ǰƨ硣
㣬㣬㡭ıŵˣͩȻ񼶹УӶŲԱֻͲ˵Ϊʲôӵ񼶹񼶹ٶԶȵؼ׸졣ּҵ幦׶ѣؽ׶ûеҪȻҲᱻˡΪ׹ֻ˷ˮʴﵽ95ĳǿ츳
ʦҲȱԴ񼶹ռʲôҵĿּ꣡ǵңٺٺ١ͩʮ˵
ʱҲ֪ʲôζζӳݣʶֻڴ˵е񼶹ޱȵؼͩǱ֮ǿֲɱΪּҵǡģһƺʧȥãڱ֮ڵʼֲֹضͩǿҵ̰ʼɺɱ⡣
ͩЦţʩչٴμӹ˽ƣȻȥʯȥˡطһʺĵطȻʮֵؽͩǾؿɽɽΪһסĶȶһ
侲ʼϸͩղгľġԽǲԽܹᵽеǿ֮𡶲ľǿһֻ޵ĳ嶯
ûʧȥǣ񼶹ͩУֻǰأԼҪǻޣҪ
ţޣҸܳ˰ɣʵԽǲԽǷԽã޴˹ͻռͲ¡
湻յģȻܸ٣ʹķ䱦٩
ߣΣֻһķûнȥԼҪɹֲҡͩΪ񼶹ÿһ׶Ĺһܸ٣ܸٲǹľڣûвܸ٣ܸٲòǿķ߻ħΪԴ׹ħԶ١
һжԣ񼶹Ҳ⣬ԽĹչԽ죬ԼŹڳغľǹܸ١һ񹦣ͻħ
ִ֮Уûħаֻ֮֮ħߣȱȽǡ
ȻħҲܳɴﵽ壬ֻ·ۣΣգӿ¶ѣԲעٲ
Ȼļʶ֪񼶹ԼԣΪ񼶹켶ؼһ㣬ֻҪõоܹ
磬áͩûþڳһʯңһƣɴʱŵѶˡ
ϵܣû̫ˣһֱϵ㣬ءſ˵
ŶҵѶ޸áͩش
ΪޣҲֱӳְ㣬򹫻ʽּҵĶҵǿ˽ṩҽ뿪ǿ뿪ȥɣܴҪԼȥһ·֮󡣡˵
ллͩл
ţˣҲˣһһϲġЦ
ŵͨѶչңһѶ˹
ӣĻϾȻͩĸͼ
֡裬ǣû£ͩϲֵؽе
İɣҺ趼û£ΪСϵɲǳصģֶζûУǻôһʦֻˣһɵ˰߸һúõسڶͨޱȵ˵
˵£ҪٴţˡһԺݺݵɷһ£ѵ
ˣǶִµİ£Ѿ뿪У˿ڿժǳسǵӶ£ѾˣǴڸĸˣӥܻչᣬ¸ҵȥɰɡͨĳ˵
֡衭ͩж˵ˡ


96  ؾż
Ѷͩʯ֮Уһһʱ
ͩͻȻ³һ¼ܸһµʶ˲٣ͬʱ³ħ
ͩоһˬ˵ͬʱҲһ˵ɣ·еĳ򿪣ĳĽᱻ¡޹Ұ徻һ㡣
ͩᣬóŸƷʯʼ
һȥˣͩõĿŸƷʯ˴ʮֵ˳
ͩʱſʼ˼ô졣
ҪвŮһҪȫסˡȻĸȫԼһұּұƵñ磬һصĳͩǼסġ
˴ؼ֮ʳˮԽһΡ
ͩչ죬ʯ֮ڳҡ
㣬㾹ȻͻƵ˴Ϊһ£֮ǰͩΪ弶۷嶼ûдﵽͻһٶҲ̫һЩɡ
ʲôþȵģ궼оߣͻƵռˡͩм˵⻰ͩû˵ǺȫĻͩĿͻƵռֻĻȡ
֮󣬲һ󵨺Ϳֻţһӵ񼶹ӵйʵţΪּҵĵˣǽһµĶΰ״Ϊ׵Ƕô޴뵽¶˾񼶹ֻҪԼһͻƵռܹҳˣΪּҽһĸ֮
ţһ׺ڿҪҪɵͩЦе˵
һ漴ָ侲˵ʱôģ𣿡ΪǱͩ뿪ּķΧ֮ǰһı
ûдֻҾ÷ǳ鷳Ҳʱ򣬻ҪʱܡûзŻɽϰߣԡͩ˵һ룬û˵ȥˡ
ԣֽţҲܣͩӿڵ
̹ͩȻش
ҲãɡûзΪ֪ͩģ֮Σһ¹ϵļһ
ֹﲻҪͩ˫ֽӡƴʶ˽֮еĿػ֮󣬴˵ͩһ֮䡣ֻǿػһȱ㣬Ǿǽƻʱĥͩ˿̵ķһƣάһʱ䣬֮Ҫ´롣ڽʩ֮󣬾ͻͩеĽӦӦ½һĳ̶ʱͩͻ֪¼ǿˡ
˰ɣԻָҵж˰ɣʵ
ǿԣĳŲֹֹ֪ʲôܵûнͩȷʵܹ꣬һλֹʲô֣ǿǺĪˡ
˵ûУҲŰɣ̾
ˣֹ֪к߽ңͩ˵
ûСߵ
УͩЦе˵ֱ˵һĳ˿ûлָж޷ֵ
һƲûʲôԣֻƷιϵƷȫɷĩû÷ģǶǿ֮ͩͳһ׼Ž¯֮١
㣡˿̳ʯϣһ߷ߣĲͱˡ
ȻϰܻͩţһƷһ㡣
ɲɣɫѩףñԲɣϻԲһۺɫǵ㣬Լɼ˺ɭ֣ȷʵ˼䲻ɶõ
ͩɱң߳ŭ˿ʲôҲ˲ˡС֮ŮּҴС㣬Ժգʳǣ̺׷һţţܹ裿
ԽǷŭҾּǷҵģֻССϢԺڶĲˡͩЦˬǳһڶ
ͩ˵վջн󣬻ָж
ָжһɲǾ˫ֱأΣһţס˸µĴ⡣Ȼñ˵Ŀ⣬ͩ
ʲôɣٵҾͰ۾ڳͩݺݵغߵ˵߳ʯңʯҶڵĽơ
ƽһҪĳ嶯оԼޱȵίתһ룬ʵͩһҲûд֮ǵзѣԴˣκֶζǴ֮ҲνĶԴֻͬ
ȻίȴΪּҵˣͩĺҲСڣ̼ͣǱǴþˣʱϵԽãͩɳԽ죬ҲԽǿҪ˶ãܹͩƾ񼶹ռ֮ԽռǸʱ򣬾ּҸʱˡ
ֻֻҪԼһͩռһУڵơ
ףǿޡľǸܳԽ񼶹ֻͩи׵ͩ񼶹
Ҳɹ׹ǲһ壬Ǿ⼸Ĳָо񣬱ϾᣬԪʱüٵģƪǼٻĻҲдˡ
ͩصԼʯңȰһõĶ¯٣õĶҲ¯һ׼һܹй¶ԼٵĿɱǡ
ͩΪһйʹñܹãһֱԪʶ֮¯һıᦣֻҪڵϣܹάá
ļ죬ͩڶ֮еýһУҲͩˡ
һ׼ŻصԼʯңʼר־ͩʯңڽӽɽĲλɽͷм䱻ͩڿճһʯңͨڣһtڣʯ֮Уܹʳ֮ҹ¾
һУרעͩͻƴؼûй顣
ʱĿ֮жɹһȥˡ
ּΧ꣬ʲôҲûҵּҵȴĿŵ˿ǿС֮УṩϢͿԵõһٿƷʯ˶ͣȴû˳ɹ
ͩ㲻ΪȲͬʱҲͬǳʵͩѾ˳˴ؾżеĸƷʯȴһաƷʯȻҲЧȴǴ󽵣ΪͩҪͨ˵һ򱶡Ԫľ̶ͩˮɵؽᵤˡ
ͬʱȻҲ֮ڽؾżͩͬͩôƷʯƶΪĽȴһű׼ʯҲûãǿ޼е̫ʹΪ֮ǰľԴѸ١꣬ʹӴ߼ؾżԻЩʮϰǶʼɵɱˡ
Ҳڴؾż޷ﵽͩһ㣬ֻҪΪ㹻ܹͻռƿ
֮佻˲پ仰˵ĹϵǱǰҪһЩ


97  
̫ʱΪģûϵǣ񼶹Բеô򵥣ʱ򻹺áȵ񹦵ڶصʱ򣬡ľ޳ľȵȽԱͬˡ
ڵΪҺ̬Ԫĳױ߽⣬鱾ġǱŮԱͷ˳Ҳ޷άǰľ
ǲ֪ΪʲôȴǱǰӿ֣Եͷţоһ򿪣õ˽ţ֮ĸҲ̣ĳһ붨֮ʱȻش˷ıԵ
ͬʱҺ̬תԪ̾񼶹ΰʦҲãʦҲգֻдﵽռŻҺԪŴؼˡһ̣ΪʲôͩʵǿòͨĴؼԪ似ȻҪǿö࣬ҲܹܹʹƷװˡ
ŴƣҲʹȻϰڵ״̬֪ΪʲôͲͩǷ۹⡣
Էɡͩ˽
˿ܻ߳ʯңϵǴͩʽװܹסص㲿λҲˡȻڶ֮Уǰϰˣÿͩ۹ʱǻẦߣȴ޿κΡ
ͩҾˣûôʳϵĹϹˮˣֻǽ쿴ͩã˳
ǰ׼˶ʮõʳˮ裬ΪҴ⣬ȳĸ֮޶ʮ꣬ʮʱͻƵռˡͩʵػشһŮҪܴĶͩò˵е»ͬѧҵĶģѵ˵˵һɶܵαУ
ͩϣҪԼĿģµȲˣھȥԸĨˡͩǾԼͬʱҲҪﵽˡ
𾪣벻˻ܵ˼άǰ׼һУʳˮ׼˶ʮ裬һʲôһǰ͹滮ԺʮһСһΪУܹõʳѰĿֲһ
ܸͩԩ˽ⲻ˽ᣬͷ³ޣұ֤ԺּҾԲ׷ɱˣǺƽ𣿡ŴʱΪﵽԴؾż̬ͩȳ
Ҫ鲻ģֻʦ˭ǮΪ˭ߣҲԼҵˣԼ֮ļ֮ʲô£ͩƽزڵˣǰиĲ¶ˣҺּѾˣ˵⻰㲻÷ǳ޳𣿡
ߣΪãȥǿ㴫ҹķϣҲѵȥءƢ
㲻ڵĴҵķ²²ôŵ𣿱ҵʴȵıǮһһ²رŮԷ²ܵʲôӦеĴͩݺݵ˵
ߣңӲҲ֪ǰԲǰ棬ֻصͩһۣѡݣӲúͩϡ
ҲңкβҵģġľѾױͬˣϲ㣬㾹ȻҲﵽ˴ؾżͩЦ˵漴һתڵ֪ǰΪʲôᴫķ𣿡
˲ɫһ䣬е㣬ǹģҪҵĲģתһ룬԰˱ģԼҲûʲôõĵطΪͻͽкֱءûкҲޡľ
ҪúҪЮˣһ
ԳޡľС椣̫С߼ˣڹȼϴھ޴ʱСĹͻᱻǿĹͬڿԻޣҪͬĹޡͩЦ˵
㣬㱰ɣô񼶹ʹڴ˵Уȥҹޣ쳯ĻҲһ񼶹ĴСУҲܵõ
ֲܹǿֻǰ֤ˣ㹻ǱٵּҶѡԼҪȥҸĹڷңּҵĴּһжûдһжǱ˵Ĵ˫ر׼ͩмط
ƿԣͩһҲûдûǿԼµĹһ񼶹ǰ˭̵ܹסءȻƣȴ޷ԭָͩ
ô˵ɡץסص㣬ʵͩЩ϶Ŀģ򲻿˴ţ񼶹ѵҪԼĲ
ǳش֪Ĺʲô𣿡ͩʵ
֪ʲôҪˣΪ׹ʵ̫ǿˡǿʳУٶȾ֮ˣñ׼ʯøƷʯأ
ܱ֤⴫𣿡ͩЦʵ
ңģԲ⴫˿Ϣޱȸɴطĵϣģǿǻܵؼලģʱͻħ߻ħ
ѵ㲻ּӵ𣿡ֵͩʵ
룬ôĻּҿøɣûػش
ǿ񼶹ǸӵУܹ֤ȫּӵУ˶֮£йǿ϶ģһйּҸֻ֮䣬ͩ񹦴ڸΪҪּҡ
ͩȻ֣ǰλԵĴС㣬˵ǳԭԼļ֣Լİ׼򣬶ǻ۹ˡ
˵ͩʵһˣǶ֮ˡϧ˫һýĵز
׹Ϊ޼ͩЦе˵
޼ô֣ɻص˺һŷӦ˹԰ԼĹǴôܹΪ޼أ
Ȼֱվָͩͩ㣬Ǳ޳ܣ㾹ȻаĹҲųȻ֪н֮һֲͲа񹦷
а񣿹޴湻֪ͩΪҵġ޼¾ܱȵ𣿸㣬񹦵İڲҲڲȥٴ棬ռԣԴԴİ塣㣬෱ܵķʽ˵аҪҪˣأ֪


98  ծ
˵ƿԣϸһ룬ֲòͩĻʮȷڵѾǵǸһһƫִŮˡһһЩŮ汾Եܹ͹۵طͩ˵Ļ
񼶹ǳĻǻ񼶹û񼶹ˣԶҲ񲻵ǿ󣬶ǡǡһˣ񼶹ΰ󡣿ͩĻ֮󣬲ԼС񼶹
һƪܹİ壬һʲôȣľڵķʵǲֵһᣬԱ֮£ԼȻܹľľ޴ȱݡ񼶹תǰĹûκΰ취£оԼ᲻õġ
УҪ֪ҵķ²ҵĳҡô㣬Ϊͩ˵Ʒһ𣬽ϽĲƬҲ顣
ܷӦҪڵǵͩǷʹζ۹ʱѹ±ܵ⡣а룬ֲûҪͿ£ƲԼ
֪˭Ĳ֪ܣõּҴС㣬Ȼӣ̹Ȼվһ˵ǰͩشͬʱҲڽ˵תԼע
òϣֻ񼶱ŮվԼǰͩҲ̲סǣͩףԼŮǾһ޴ĺ󻼣
ͩеһ糺죬ҧгݵؿͩҪȥͩҧ
ҲôûãҪң޴ӣޱȵĵ⣬ҲóѡҵĽҪҲ꣬ں࿴⼸ˡ
ɫȻƽ̹ȻͩĿ⣬ֻһĨκȴǳеĽźӡ˫ȱյģƺеڶζ
үҴ㣬ּܷҵĳ𣿡Ȼޱز
ͩһ£ҪԱƣȻ۽ǵһĨЦͩҲһǿ֮ˣ˹ѹƵĶаҪǰɣð˭ù˭
ͩһѱסĹ⻬ϸ۵ַ֦ϣִоͩһͩһαס޴Ƶ
һϵЦҲȻȻ䣬ʶԼ޴ˣΣֳ£ŮǳԿһѾﻢˣԸǿ֮˹ѹеĲʸС
ͩΪؿһۣ˵㵹ͦ
ү˵ʲôأֻҪͷҾˣѡϸɫջ
ҲӦأͩһҪͷĳ嶯Ǳȴֹͩжͩһ̾ѹкջˮ˵ˡͩȥԼпɳܲסջ
ΪʲôѹҲֵ𣿡Ȼпˡ
ߣĸ֮𣬲죬㣬ΪأͩػشѹеְͩԵطϣϸůָУͩС
ʱ򣬿ԵʱˣͩĬľѹей¼ܸ١
ͩһԤľ֮Уһ߱Ů⸧һֹˮɫ糣
̫飿䱦ͩʶ֮Уоͩʮľ֮ˣ֮ʱһ״̬״̬£°빦
ʵϣ˿ͩԪתٶȱͩԼʱ졣·ԷԵӦĳٻƵġ
˿̾Ͳùˣͩץסǰ˾ͳͩĻУЩĸоһĿڳ顣޼̫ȴûвܸٵȫֵסϮûκεֿС
ͩԽԽֱӰŲԼϣһַһֿʼ»
ͩĺ촽һǾӣѾȫʧˡ
ͩĿ꿪ʼơ

Ҳʶһ߷ߣȫƿͩ˻Ϊһ磬Լʯңֻһ㡣
ָͩһʪ󣬲Цһ˵ĳ졣
һߺؾʯĽ䣬һС¹ײһ㣬öƽһСۡ
ͩϵĹϹһ룬Ϸһָ˵ҰѳԵĶϣ˾Լá
Լʯ֮Сϥʯϣĳ죬ƽƽ֮ͩʹʯгˣһУһСɵϽ¯С
ͩչޣҲʱƷˣϾǷԼҴķߣûء
ΪʹͩȺӵһΰ˼
һ¹ȥˡ
ͩûгʯңһֱڷƷߡͬʱҲĥԼաȻ䣬ͩƵĽ˷Ӧ
ͩϽӿٶȣҺôʱ¯ѾͣûСʱͩʹ¯ȡ˼Ƶķߣϸƣ˼߶ǰģϸһܿ˼ߣļļ·ͷӡطȫͬ
ͩպ¯ӣ뿪Լʯңתʯҡ
ʱȻķؾż۷Ҳˡֻ޴ƣͩǰ컵һĻ
ȣͩһ
붨֮оѣϽչʵʲôɫЩΪеĽźͲ
ôҲ𣿡ͩɷ˵˹ȥ
㣬㲻ҪʱȻоʮ;ţʵͩߵߵʱκηʵϣΪߣͩӰͣس
ĽʱӹˣҪҶͩ˵
ľûٶֻǵͷԵ޴롣
ͩʩӹʶ֮ڵĿػ֮ע⵽;ִ١ٿѩļһһѽ뻳СԵޱȵӣ
ͻȻǣֱסˣҪӦ˫ǰƣҪƿͩȴͩϢһ壬ǰƵؾʧ֮ͩС
˵ʵͩǵľ鲢࣬ǱϾܹǰ鶯ƬĽ֮£λ֮ŮΪеŮǲĳ


99  Σͻ
ҪǷûУֻͩᱡ
ͩ˫⻬ϲͣš
ڴʱһǿѹȻֹͩͣжͬʱסͣ
ͩɫŵעţܿͷ̫ܲǿҲûмԼڵɽС
һλռǿߣӦֻռϵǿ߲ʹѹѹʶΧѰ
˴ŰСʱλѰռǿȥˡͩһᦵûڡ
ˣֻǲ֪Ϊʲôһֱǳͩûгҡ
Ϊʲô㲻󺰣ֱӷֵͩʵ
ͩһۣ˵Ľƣֻһͻû
ͩһۣûٶ˵ʲôҲûмϷˣת뿪ʯҡ
ĻشģȴȫʵԼҲ֪ΪʲôʱȷһҪĳ嶯ȻһΪͩǵʶԼ᲻뿪˵صʶ
׼ȷ˵Ǳʶ֮УҪģǱʶ֮ȴ᲻뿪˿Ѿì֮Уǰӵвģ취ˡ
ͩоΣصԼʯ֮Уͩʼ˼˿̵Ĵͬʱϵţѯһ˿̵ⲿ
֪ͩطٴȥˣΪԷѾʼߵزˣȥͲȫˡҪͩҲڳ֣ڿռǿߣܹռѲ飬ȴ㲻վĴڡ
֮ڣҪ뿪˵أͩתصԼʯңʼƷߣͩһϲǷʵˣԶ˵֮ǰǷʻ壬֮ծһ뿪뿪ǿ뿪½š飬һ·
֮һ£ͩƷߣڸƺ˾ŰʮߣͬʱţҪΪתϢ壬ԼĶôָ
漴ͩʯңһ˵ΪƵķߣɣ֮󣬾ʹҪ뿪˵ˡ
һ֮Уܵļ尾ԼȻͩ˺øУǷһĺøСΪͩһжԼ˼ĸ棬ͩԼҪ㡣ŮܵǿҵĳЩദ˽⣬ټ֪Ĺ֮ʹȻڲ֪ˡһǰͻȻ飬ûʶһ㡣
յǣͩԼӱ˵ǵзѣּҵĳҡԼмָԴأ
ɱʲǶ֣Ҳ²ȥ֡ɱּһϡ¼ƽһβͬ׵ֶΣԭ£һλţȴǱƵ˳˵Ķϡ
Ҫ뿪ȥܵؿʵ
뿪У뿪ǿ뿪ͩػش
¼һϲǰֻҪ뿪Զ߸߷ɣͲгͻˡмٻʮĻ壬ڼ䣬ֻҪ취˼ͩĳޣǲ´

ʵ㲻Ϊ˶׷ɱͩҲмƻ뿪½ѰƱĲϣһ½ºʱ൱˵׼ʮ꣬ʮ꣬һꡣΪĸѾȫӶᣬӶӻּҵ⣬ͩ˵Ѿŵ˴Ҫλϣͩ˵ѡƣϵδķչ
ֻ˶̶̰죬ͩ˶еĽƣ뿪׼֮ǰͩһŴָɽʯϣᦣһֱסʹŴȥ
尴Ÿȷλúҵ⴦εɽõ˴ָһţѧǷծ壬ڡͩҲԼҲԼ
Цһ̾зΧʮͷж㣬벻ɽ֮Ƕ࣬Ȼڰɡ

ͩڴ֮ڣѲٶȷš
ͩ벻㻹һͨߣԣͨĽͨûôٶ˵ͨҲƷߣȴû顣ʵֻռշУķչҲнͨߵģؼͨߣҲܷУֻǸ߶ȺٶޡƷԽߣٶȻԽ졣
ͩûлػһٿŴһ˼ӦγΧȦͩţһ˶̫ĵطȥϡٵĵطޣΣա
Դģ뿪ǿĻ»ڸ·϶ֻʮꡣȺҪԴģͩ˿ϵĸƷʯѾùˣҪ׬һЩΪһʦû˵ĵطӣ
ͩͲסį룬㲻ͩһӰҲûУǾʯþԼΣ٣»Ǹɽס꣬ȣ̵ͩܵĵطӡ
Ҫ뿪ǿ˵·أͩʵ
ǻʣȻǴӳдת뿪ˣѲ㻹ҪĲɣʵش
ϻͩ
ԴӦңһǧڣּҵ鷳ҿԴȥּ뿪ǿ˵
ͩҲ˼⣬ҪĲǱ𣬱Ͼĸû䣬ҪƱⲻŹּңһһ꣬һꡣһ֮ڣҲּ鷳ҵĻͲܹ²ˡͩãΪ⣬ϸһ겻⡣
ãһһꡣնػӦһʱ䣬㹻ʱ뷽γԹΪѾתͩΪʲôҪӦһ
漴Ľּ֮棬ʵνָּ֮ҵĵжӪּȷʵ벻ͬʱҲ벻г
˵УһУλԶ֮Уһ붼ּм϶һСɴּҵĳңּĵطûּһĲҵּҵ˻ҹȻڸеķΧ¶棬ܾܿͻᱻɱ˶ᱦ


100  ɱΧ
ֱͩת򣬳ɽзȥͨ;
Ҫʲôȵʵǳɽȥġ
ɽУֱȥеĴ󡣡ͩػش
֪Ǳж𣿡ʵ
ⲻ»𣿡ͩһʵ
ߣҵУˣҲˡͩĺǲװװģͩΣգ϶Լһȥ
Σ˭ҵ·Ҿɱ˭ͩ˵ͩɲɵԼȻּ֣Ҿûκε׼æ֮䣬жʵΧԼֻҪ˷УǾһаȫˡ
ɽпɲּҵĵ̣ȻּɽСǿƲ˷еĴ
Ʋ֮д󣬵Щؼʿֲˣڽӽɽʮʱͩǲòͣ£÷Ħи·Ϊʲôܼ򵥣ɽΧʮǽմַΧΪ˷޵ġ
ͩڿлΣһµ棬Ħг·ʱͱ·ʿ١
ʦǣǲּͨͩ𣿡һϰ߼ָͩһλ߼ʦ˵
ףˣô֣λʦֵطʵ
ʦҪҪȥץסһٿŸƷʯ̰˵
ǿʲɻˮһϢûġʦЦеذһһѶУԶԶͩһգȻϵּ͵ĺϣƬ˹ȥ
ѶһߵּҸ˾˵ȷʻ٣ʹһҹȥȡһٿƷʯ
ҵʻXXXXXXXXXֱӴҰɡλʦЦŻش֮ưһҲСĿˣֻһϢѡ
ͬʱһּǱ߲ϵصõ˵Ϣֻֻǰ˵õһڣ˶һΪּѾȷͩҪȥɽС
ּɽפص˳ϵ˷֮⣬Χͩȥˡ
ͬʱּҴӪҲõϢ
ҵ˴Сͩˡּһλؼֳֽ鷿㱨
ҪȥλץұŮСһǲͷֽۣһ˵ϵ֣ǰȥɽУ˸סˣ뷻Сֽףͩ˷Уּһ治ڷд֮ͥ¶ɱˡ
ּյϢȻɽҲյϢȻҲֵǽ֪ˡ
ԼǱҲҪҪְæȴǱԼҼˣĳְæǾ͵ںּȫ濪սˣԼҶûκκô
ֽҪǰȥ
ɾڴʱּҵĹܼСӭ˹ֽ˵үˣǱߵĴˣгͣάޣҪһʱ䡣
ֽˣü˵ôôɣѵڰвݣԼȥɽԶɵֽ뵽ܿͷˣĻǵöԼҸûȫǵĴͣһ죬ּͬûС
Ǿɺˡ
Ǳ߼˶ֽ֣ʵ
ֻ࣬жʮλʦܼһش
ֽ֪ͩսʧּڻûлָµҪʮܲʧս
ֽȻ뵽ʲôóѶϵһˣʦ̫ŮǽͩСɽС
ŶˣһŮ˹˵ͽͨ
ֽûԷ̬ȣĵЦҲôɣʦڸ
ͬʱͣټɢޣסͩ뷻УֽǾòգ

ͷ൱죬ɢ޳ЩͶּҵĶ飬סͩȥ·
ģɷñͣͩһλʦΣ
ҪңͩһУ潣ڰУ
ͩһָ׺ͮϼʮһּҸֻ֣ǰһ⣬žû֪
ˣ弶ĸֱһɱ
ͩл˷ɽָһһС׺ͮϼһ߼ּҸֱɱ
ƽһʽ׺ͮϼʮڣ˲Ϣһרϼһ޿ײ룡ټ϶ԷƷսףͩõƷɽ
ͩţһָһּҸͩʮзִģûɢּ֣Ҹ
ּҵһڸ֣ľҲ벻ͩȻǿʵ
ºּҵĶԹҪ𣿡ͩɨһЩɢޡ
ЩɢǵʮֹԭͺͩԹ޳ֻǳͼ򵥣ֹֻͩжѣ˭뵽ͩȻͣɢǶ׷˳ּӪ
һϣּҴӵһλذ˼ĸֺ
ס֣ͣ
ԭѾҪǰɱּҸǣʱͣ
ǲ֣°ɡ侲
С㣬㡭ּҴӵĸֳɵ
ˣµģҸײǵġһڻؾ
ͩһۣ˵ǽȥɡ²⵽ͩһλʦôʹأǲ²һ£ۿͩʹ÷ɽɱʱޱȵľޣؼĸ֣ûһ֮УƮȻķɣѹޱŵشԼӷеĴ뿪
ڳˣؿ߽ͩ˷УĵĴͼ̨ȥ
֮ڣֵģǾ͸ˡ
ͻȻһѹ٣ռѹڳȫǴؼĸ֣ȻѹһΪ̵С
ܹվԭصģֻһʵǿ־ᶨǿߡ
ߣС㾹Ȼ²ڵĵӣҪ֪ڵһŮ˹һɫ۵òŮӣӲԶ˹
ʦг
ͩףŮӾڵĵӣͬʱҲʦ
ߣ˭Ϸķ֮˷ѵ֪еĹСԽԽˣһӷһ¥ﴫֱӵʦѹ
ѹһʧڳֵɢ޺͸ǣ׷һ
һüͷƾճڳ룬øͩʦ̫


101  
ݼǰʦ̫ƣ粻ҡ
ݼֵһɢ޷׷ͬؼ
ˣֿˣҲˡͷ˻˵
һΧ۵Ĺڷ׷뿪ˣ˼ռĸ˿ˣ˭Ҳ뿪
磬㻹ʲôѲɣ㻹ڷﶯ֣ͷһʦ̫
ңֻǴ°ĹŵǰҲ֪һҲǵͽܵİȫֻҪͷǰͽܣȻתߡʦ̫汻ͷѹȥ֮ǰһ˷ڷ֮ͷѹΪʵҲǻ˷еĹء
ˣͷתһͩоȣؾżҲ̫˰ɣѵҪϷˡ
°ֹǰԵѯʡͩػش
ּѾͷʦ˵Ǳ°٣Ǽ٣ģվϷΪǼٵġͷ˵һ뿴ʦ̫
Ǽٵģȥ˵鷳ʦ̫Ҳˣλ׷Ϊ˶ġ
ڳ˶
˿̵൱ìܵģȷʵǱ°ٵģҲȷʵǳʹͩȷʵǳҪ뿪ͩĿơǣҪʦ뿪ʱȴ뵽ĵεΣһְֺӣ뵽ֲͩǱ뵽ϸڣδȵأʱΪѵġ
ޱؿһͩͬؿһԼʦҧشǰǱ°٣λһһͬСֻͨѶһбٵˣ޷ϵԲŻᱻᡣ
֪˵ʲô𣿡ʦ̫ɫ˵
ʦͽɫһףˡ
ˣȻûˣǴҾɢˣ磬Ϸķ֮ͷѹҷ򣬴һ̫ʦģû뿪ˡͷ۾һۺ˵
ǣǡɲͷǰټȥ˵ͷĻĨɱԼǷǳ϶ʵֶΣﱻɱˣҲûȥϾԼƻصġ
ʦ̫ľ뿪ˣһҲûСȻ̫еĽɱϾԼͽܵǰȫȻ֪м䷢ʲô£ʦ̫ǿȷʵԼ뿪
СӣһװͷЦųͩ˵ͷϳɾῴеһЩֻûеƶѡ
лǰΧͩسͷһ
غҿˣϷҲ֮аˡϷתģŰɡͷӹһöָ
֮ͩ󣬴һƣһǧŸƷʯвϡ
ǣͩɻʵ
ѧУĻͷҽģ˵ĽͷЦŻشڴͬʱͷóһ˵ѡ뿪ǿ뿪ȤĻȥһˣǱһ˼ؾҪˡϷżȻõؾͿԽؾ֮У˵дĻԵ͵Ϸ͸ļˣûͷ˵ϷС
ǰ̫˰ɣͩ治ҽⶫ
űǣؾֻռµСܽȥϷҲ͸һȥѡͷüë˵
͹ˡ̹ͩȻ
ˣȥģͷָż̨ϵĴ˵
ȥСͩʵػش
ˣ󣡡ͷԸ

еĴ嶼յϢҺؼһһ㣬Ǻ֮ͩûжԹϸԼֻмְûڣ֪ͩһλռǿߣǾ͸óô͸֮£ּҿɾͲһˣֽ÷裬ûеɵйߡ
˰Ҳ飬ȥˣֽŭ
ܿģϢʹˡ
ͩС°С㴫͵ȥˣִ֮ȥҫ֮ȥ˿ǣȻȥû֪ˡΪе⣬ǵ޷ȥ鱨ĳλ亹㱨
ַֽһƢ֮Ͳ֪ˣʵ̫ˣаʮͩഫͼǣּҲûò飬ǻʼҲȥȻѼӷˡ
ڴͬʱǳɺϵǣԭΪάһ⴫Ϊά޽˳ǰ˰¿š
ֽɵҲ²⵽һɺ֮УȻһλ˲õĴڱٿأֽԭҰĲҪԽԼҵ룬һΧͩԭɵϣ಻Ӧеʧּҵʿ״ѹȥֽ˵ļ֮λ˿Ҳ˲ȵļټⲿԼڸҵϵĴЩּʧֺšּҺؼѾɹתˡ

ˣһǹҵˣ½ϵĹʵĳһŻĳһɢڳ֮ġЩҷΧڵţҪ˰յģ˵ھһڻڲšһ˰࣬ǿҲռڴ½ֻСš
ˣȴһţΪ˲˰գԶ˳齨һλмشռ˴ǿķΧһƬͬάƬڵ
ɷֱΪššˮڡڡľڡ콣ڡţÿһŵıһ񼶱ϴ򣬴ûжϹ
Ҫ½ϣռ򣬾Сţ˵ڡ
ʥ򼶱ǿš
аǾǴ͵һţ˵ɡ
ֱӿԿˡ֮ʵۺ񣬲ӳ棬˲ŸӲö˵ˣԴͬӴ
һ֮УƾŵʵֻռһΧЩŲΧˣ㡣һչһʱҲռʮϡչǧ꣬ҽʮ
ΪʲôĲ࣬Ϊź͹ҵľӪʽȫͬģһŵķչ֧Լмײʵҵķչǿչ¡Ƽȵȫ


102  
ɳǣһ滷ɽӴУеĲ൱ĺΰǰһеĹ޽ġ
һɽĵɽ˵ײȥԭжߣѾ֪ˣڵĳУ׵ĸ߶ȡ
óԭɽһȥˣڴɽӴĵ޽ôһУɽǳ䵱Żϡ
һؽ㴦һɹͬʣͬɳУΪе˰ʡնޱȵɣҴĽ֮ÿ춼вʿӿ˵أԶڼ۹ҲʱʿԱ
˵ڣֻһУطһЩɽķУСһ϶ûسǴ
Ͼţǹңռǿ޴ɼ
вСƬɣյıѣҪȹ˰Ҫöࡣ
˰һǰͷҵԴգţյþ൱١ҪչͱյӣԴɵڣյıǹ̶ǰСŶ٣Ŷ֡ȻǲճΣΣҰĵžʺ﷢չڵµÿ
ɳǵĴһŮӰӴ˳
ɳǣţ棬ĵطеȻͩŮսף۾´ߣ
ͩڴһСһɳǵϸͼҪ뿪
ڴʱһʮ塢ֻмϰ弶Ϊӭ˹λүС㣬ǵһɳǣ費Ҫһ򵼣ҴСɳǳطϤúܣֻһͼ͵޾
ðȺ˵˵ɳʲôģóԵĵطͩҲװһʵ
ɾʶˣɳʲô򵽣񶫳Ʒ߹ѡǸҩƷҩĻ㼯֮ϳ޲ϡͬʱҲвٺóԵľ¥ݡ¥ϳǣвϡŹֵĽͷϷӰԺŵԸӰƬĵطڱǿˣдĵط䳡ٳΡͬʵıǵ;ģʱ֮в˽¶䣬жԹҪԵǵǽ˹ίԱᣬӶᡢк߿Ƽ˾ķֻᡢСֹ˾ڡ꿪ڽܵ˹ίԱҪǸɳеִհ򡢲ҽӰһЩɳǵⰸƹɳǵĻӡ
ţԭˣǾʹȥúɡͩ˵գͳһ׼ʯ˹ȥĳͣŰɡ
Ӵлүʹ͡ޱȿĵӦ
죬ͩɳ졣ϤһɳǵĻԼҵȵȡ
ˡ
СհǾͲȥˣǵ˹ίԱȥһˣǴһ棬ѡһʵĶЩ飬ͿˡͩŴڿջȴ˵
ǣ֪үҪʲôĵأСտʵ
Ҵڶɫһҵ棬̵ꡣͩش
ţ֪Ҫһ̵ꣿģڶǵ̵겻٣оӪչϾߺͲƬķƷꡢչĺͷĵĵ꣬ƷߣҵӶߵꡣǰûʲôҪ󣬺һҪ߿Ƽ˾֤ŵְҵ֤顣Сշǳϸ
ţһ֡ͩܵ˹ίԱᣬһȻѡһ䲻С棬ǰԺʽǰ棬ǺԺϢҺңӵ˵ػУȫ
൱ظߣһʮ׼ʯֻվʯңͩҲˣɳϳֳ⣬طֻվʯҡ
ͩûа취ɴݣӶỻʮҵı׼ʯ˵ʣµ׼ʯһ򳯶ͨһĸ֡дҡҡҡϢҡԼһ⻹һõػȵȪԡءǹһ㣬һмҾ߶ȫԼ󷨲ҲԼõġͩҲȥ˶СǳʺϣɽǱԼĶҪϰٱ
İȫɳǸģίԱḺ򶴸ظ֤ȫԲ⡣
֤ͩǱȽŵģϾҪɳ׬ǮģҪǲȫ˭ӡܹɳһˣر𶴸ģвСҵʿо󲿷־ͩʦҩʦʦȫܱ֤ס˲ţסЩˣɳǵҪһۿۣԽԽ١
ίԱỹرƶһ򷨹棬ǾϽɧְҵʸ֤ʦ
㶨һ֮ʣ¾ͼˣǱһֳɵһλʦĵ棬λʦΪҪҪ뿪ɳǺܳһʱ䣬԰ҵи˹ίԱн飬ͩһܹգ治ȴһƹһơͩðǶչǶɳǵĻڣСɳǳΪ츳ԭΪֻмϰļҡ
ƹʮ꣬ƹʮ꣬ǳþӪСꡣƽСʮ壬˵ҲһˣмĸĸҪչˣһε˵ƷǳТ˳ΪҲʵƵĹͩɴԭлϸٷ֮ʮŵɵúãн
ҸΪӡߵ¿ˣͩڿ֮ʱóʮƷߺͻƽ𼶵ĸϵƷƹȥۣСۡСǹܼ֧롣ƹֻǮʣȻѾʯŽռ䴢
Ǹ߿ƼΪϰʦͷԼľȫͶŵƹС
ͩصԼ¼ңʼ󷨽ƣǴģһƷ󷨣ڶſڴڲͩԼøֽ󷨡󷨣ӰΣȥ
ôЩ𣿡ͩһ߲ýһ
ǳǵһθֿ֣ܵлл㡣Щȷʵ÷ǳ죬С󣬵һθܵĿ֡һʮŮͷŮ֮󣬵Ȼһĸо
˵ڵĹҲաͩƲƲ죬Ȼ൱Թǽģɽбֵò͡ڿʼҪָһ²ˡ


103  ½
ͩѽƲ֮󣬰ѱ˳ڶ봦һ壬úһ󷨡
ˡ֣ͩ˵漴ص˿һվʮ־ִٵӡ
ף㲻֪ôһ²ţԣͩͷɽΪҿѣҾְӷ²ΪҵˡԺҵʳȵһжˡ̺úˣн̺ͣòãȻҪͷͩԹԵĵ˵
һɴ಻ش
˵գһָһָϣԭս˲ָҴͩƵߣѧᲢý֮󣬱ÿһ֮϶˺ţΪ˷ֹЩ߱ȥ֮󣬷в
һεرͩ⡣
㣬ôӦ˵
Ժڶû˵ʱ˵ʱ׼㴩ս¡ͩ˵һҲ
ͩϣ᷸²Ƿ²ŮֻҪΪУұͩסֱӸɵҲͰˣûиɵģһ˵ȡ²Ҫʲô˵ûֱӿѾǶˣҪҲУΪūΪɡּҵҲ㺦ɳǲġ
ڿʼҾˣҪּҴСݣҪѧεȺˣһϸ檡ԺƺΪүԳū澻ˡͩǳƽ͵
һ޵ĳ嶯С󣬻Ĵû飬֮ǰҲͰˣʱҵͬԭΪ֮ͩĹϵˣû뵽ͩȴʯĳ
֮ͩУʼйؾƵϡ
ԭνؾʷҪ׷ݵϹ֮ǰ½ԭӵеĴ½һϢغͷԴء
Ϊ˷չ׳ŽǿƵع½Ϲ˳͸ӹ
ɳ٣ֱӻеСߣҲ񼶵ĴڣΪѪ׵óѣͽջıǱڴ½ֿռ֮С
Щֿռ䣬νؾˡ
ʵһս󲿷ؾǿӶᣬȻСֲص÷ǳصıؾûб֡
Ȼˣ˷ֵؾǰͱɷ֣Ѿòˡɵʦؾؿ飬ŵǣð֮ã˲ٺôܹ˳ͻռĵرԼڰļӳ£ܹ׵ͻƿ⴦ؾʮһɴؾżŵӶܽ롣һοڶʮ
Ϊ£һЩѣͷ˲ؾƣеķӹСţеķɢޣеֱɳ
ؾڴؾżǿ˵ͻռȥ
ڴ֮ڣϰŵӣؼŵӣռĴ洫ӣռĵӣʥǶͳϼˣһ̫ϳϼġһ͵óƺʦʦԴƣΪȼ൱ɭϡ
ԣͷͳؾǿͩѾǴؾżΪˣٹʮܹ꣬ﵽؾż۷壬Ҵ㹻Ϊռ׼ˡʱ򣬽ؾ֮УǷǳʵġ
ͩõЩйؾ֮󣬲ɵмֿϧͻռؼʦҲãʦҲգǾо޴ģǶͩ˵ֻҪƷʯ㹻Ҫ˶ʮ꣬Ϳͻռʮ󣬻ƻ˶ˡ
ͩǶ½ԭ൱ظȤֻ̫ԶˣҪ׷Ҳˡ

ͩؾƣ˳˿ɳϡɲͩԼٳĶһصװ޺ƵĺװͶд͵ɳ輸һмҾ߶ǳȫϢĴǿĸ˵Ĵ󴲡ڣвõС
裡ͩе
εش˳ȻǵȥйˡͩĻĹԹԵشΪͩ赹ˮ
˦ֲɣÿξһûа취˵ڣ͵ĸ벻Ҳ֪ΪʲôȻͩԵġ
үȲ衣ߺѲ豭͵ͩС
ţַ̬ȲŶͩԴ˷ǳ⣬ʮܡ
˲輸ϵؾƣ˵үˣ˵ؾƿڴؾżƿ޷ͻƵζõһ顣
ⶫûã˵ʮҵǿԿǰȥͩѲ豭£һѽ˻УЦе˵
ʲôȥˣⶫоԼ̬ȲԣϽѹү㲻ã͸ū澰ɣ
ͩоͻռѹͩĹ̫߼ˣ¼ķҲͰˣͩ޵ľתԪһغ͵ڶأʹͩԪȾͱռҪǿöࡣи޵ġ޼Ҳһܹͻƿ淨š
ǧңϼռļ壬Ȼ˼ǧ꣬κ˶ͻһƿѶȣףּҼʱʮͻƵؾżʮȥˣǿڴؾżƿϡ
ؼ۷壬Ԫİ֮ãа˳ϵĴؼֱԪľա
㣿˵Ҳûãǡ޼ֻ̫Ҫ˫һΣܹ˳ͻռֻнʥȽһ㣬ռС˼ͩ˵
ȷʵʵԶŵɹʣֻԺԡƫƫͩʶһͣɵֻɹȻ١
ˣҲ̲סһ˷һЩСɬɬҲΪܹѸĺϢ嵭ˡү˵ģ
ϻҵ檣бҪƭ𣿡ͩһۡ
һξá檡ʮֺͬʱҲ˼ţίͩĻжּҵĳޣĳ˵ּҵȷǷͩôһЦծԼҲȻġ˵ˣŮ˭һɾͩб׼ϡ˼룬ܹؽڵݡ
ǣڻȫ㣬˵̹ͩȻ˵ʵͩĳ˵Ҳһҵˣ˵ˣԼ͸ĸ֮⣬˶ѻΡ


104  
⻰˵ʮֱӣв࣬ʱ˫ԼȻ䵽ءҲֻԹˡ̾԰ŮӣҲһżᶨʿ
Ȼ࣬ǶͩȴǸͣһ̰ͼŮɫźǿˣеТģΪ׵ɽҲҴ˲ӺټҪͩеĳޣԶͩ˳
ʵһԼҲ֪ԭǾˡ޼̫ȴûеõܸٴе֮֮ͩ£ȻȻؿƲסؽһϵͩϡ
ͬģϵ̫֮ͩҲͩйܸܹƵסԼеĳȻû
ûа취ͩһ൱ԭˣжʮгٱ˵ˣһǳǳˡ
ͩؾƣת˴ңóٱ׼ʯһöװʳˮĴָ
ĶԾȡáͩں⼸ǧű׼ʯ
ͩķѾҪؾż۷ٽˣ㹻ĸƷʯͩɴ֮УƵһ۷塣
һչؾ£ºͩŸƷʯɹذΪƵ˴ؾż۷ˡ
֮УͩΪ˱׼ʯѸ٣Ҫͩһﵽؾżٽ㡣ǣһ㿴ƿǰĵ·׸סˡҲŬ֮ͷˣ̾һռƿ֮
ȵǸ׶Ҫʵö࣬ǰûȪݡ
֮ͩһѣ֪˿ޱȵȪͩ¿ɾЩˬˡ
֮£ԡңûпڣ˵ˣ˵ҵѾҺͻռӦòǰôôأ
֪Ѿͷʲôͩһ
үϽĿڽеʶزؽ˳ˮС
ʲôʲôòصģҵ檣֪ôһϸ𣿹ﱾү¡ͩ
Ťһ󣬻Ǵԡ֮վһĻ˳ԡͩĶҲмְѳֲסһѾͽ˻Уᱡͬʱͷס
ãǵתűͩſ
ǳͩϢУжͩӡҲ̣òײŴ֮ѹ
ﱾү£ͩѵ
ɫߺ죬ϵĶȴЩңرǱͩһֱעԼĶӻҡ
Ҹոڸпѣͩתƻ
ǵģү֪ؾżͻռѵľǴѹʹ仯ΪҺ̬ԪѾҺ̬ԪˣΪʲôһƿͻأСţͻռľ飬֮мؼأ˽⡣
ת˻֮ϵĶöˡ
ܿ죬ͩҲˣǵһνؽӴͩһеϢ˶ͩˡ޼֮Ϣκ˶ҪһӾͰ˸סˡ
鲻Խһӿ˳رסͩסͩ
ͩЦˣȻûȫŮˣͩţҪ˶ãλּҵĴС㣬֮ŮͻᱻԼȫΪԼһ檣
ӡΪҰɬСԼ촽һ˹˼صͷ
СͩһĻŵðͷת棬ʮֵؼ١
ͩƿЦ߽Ȫԡ֮УݽȪ֮ͩоһطԸȥú
Ƶسԡҡ
Уͩ¹ʱ˲پˮС
һžƺƱһľʵĴ߽ԡأмƮĸо
үˡסһүеĸԸ
ţҰĦһ¡ͩùƱһں˱֮ؽе
ľ˫ֿʼͩ米
Ȼɬһ㣬̬ȺܺáΪ˽㣬Ҿ͸ΪʲôƿôˡͩЦе˵
лүĵӦ
㣬ȻڣȻռôİɣͩûлش𣬷ʵ
ǵģռԪѹɵֻҪԪһɣܹ̾Ѵͽɿգӵиǿʵһ£նͻһСԪͨŻԪ弶֮ǰԪȹ̣о׳ȹԪش
ȷǺ˲ͬƪڽռһɲǣͻԪһܹȹԪвȹԪǴĥԪĥŴΡһ룬Ҫ弶ܴ֮ĥԪȴһͿʼĥ񼶹ĲԽ棬Խ󡣡ͩ˵
ĿɿڴҲ׷һִţͩⷬʱӿһԵҸС
үһѴӺ󱳱סͩͩϡ
ͩоĴУֻʣ¡֡
Ȼ֮䣬һģͩ˵үһܹȫģ
ʲô˵ͩʵ
³֣³֪֮ԼԺûнȫӹǰˣڣһˣûԽӴͩˣ벻һ˵жôɲ⡣
ԣɲ⣡ͩ꣬û˵ĵӣ·޾Ԩһ㣬ף޷Ȳ⡣ͩҲ˲ǿҵĺ棬һ˿ʹߵһ³ֵһֽѵĸоѾȫһˡȫΪеԭʮ˵ԵһŮУˡ
˵ͩ΢Цʵɹֻһˡ
ǵģүһԼĲһΪ˲׽͵޺͸ʹǳΪǿߵͳͬģҲܹ֮䡣͵ֻҪүܹѰûᣬԸӴүΪѡ
ãܺáүҺܸˣòô鷳һֻҪԸ⳨ֱ֮дҵľӡǣֺαػô鷳أͩĵ˵Ҳϲ˻㻹𣿡


105  ӡ
ûдֶһū͵ķʽһΪūͣҲ˲ʱ֮У˾Ϊһһ㣬ֻҳϣҪȥҲһüͷȫһ꣬ʶܹĿܣûҡ
ͩҪһĻɳǵ¥ŮŮūֱͩȥһ͵ˣαô鷳Ҫȥأ
ûдɳУ˵ʲôеڸϽŮūŮ¯ҲԹ
ͩϴУӵαȥһʧȥҵĻأ˵ģǡ޼ܹͩ׵ƿ
ֲ̫ˣɱǱǬ֮ʣȻʮѸ٣ԴԴϵزǬ֮ͩͩΪ൱Ѹ٣ͩĽŲǾ͵òʧˡ
ͩɴԡ֮Уʩӡſ񣬲Ҫ˿Ͳɹ
Ŀȫɣſ
ͩһӡʶ֮ڣҵ걾ԴԼĻʶӡ֮ڣĶͷ϶һ÷ӡͷϣֳͬӡ
ͩʼϢԪ²ꡣ
ģǵԺǿ֮ãó̫ǿһ㡣ͩﰵ
ҺǳɹˣһʲôֿȻɣͩҲȻܵشλǳ嶯һЩҲֵã֤ĳԼҴӡ֮ҲˡͬʱͩҲǽߵһĸ󻼡
ûдڴ֮ǰͩһֱûжΪϧ񣬶ǲϾ֮Ĺϵʵ̫ˣҲǶġ
۾ûѹ˿ֻͩӡ֮ϣһЩϢ
תԪүллĴ˹һӼ˵ͩУͩһ񼶹ǸԪĹʦŹȻʮ䣬֮󣬱Ȼʵ
Ľ˵ֻҪ죬ͻ㽱һҷǳʹ󷨣ֻҪԪڶתҾͻռͩڳ˵˵硣
ͩ뿪ԡأ˹һУϵԶɻͩϡ
֮ͩòƽ֮üͷ˫ڸղŵһУͩһˣһĺˣһԵǿߡίΪֻڿռ֮ͩĵжԹϵ
̺úãԿǷŹּһֱֻּϵһͩ˵
үؽе
괫ԺҲͨ괫ңԶܹ˴յͩ˵
лү̧֣үֱּϵһԴһȫķ괫
˵ͩʵʱͩѾ˶ر˶ɽµɳǿȥ
ҸһʮȨƵˣΪȨƣԲֶΣĸףʵҲرϲҸףĸǰУҲΥү֮ػеĻԽҸԼּе˶ȦȲøһʧȥȨƵζɱʹࡣѾ˲ּҵˣֻ˸ּܹҵѪоӣ
ͩˣûп˺һŻشһϸһµġ

Լߵ֮УͩѯһΡ
ϰ壬ˣ̵⻹˲ʮߡ۳֧ǧ׼ʯƹ㱨
ܺãû˵¶ģͩʵ
ϰĻĿǰûСƹ񹧾˵
Ҳգˣͨ봫ѶҡͩԼѶ˵еĴѶѶͨųĵĻֻҪ⣬ͻԶӸϹֻҪӡ
Щϣٴչһֲϣͩﳵضˣ·ϣͩһֱڿԴ⣬ȺٶȿԴһ˼ߵٶȣһƷϿǧ׼ʯǧ׼ʯ֮䣬۳ɱһԾ׬׼ʯҲŸƷʯͩΪӶʽԱű׼ʯӶһɸƷʯͨɢޣҪһҲûһֻдӺϸ߼۶һУ̫Կˡ
ŸƷʯ㹻ͩһˡǲҪˣ֮ͩУһҲתԪŸƷʯֻͩʮҡ
ͩٶȣ֧˵ûģǲҪˣͩҪƱһ֧ء
ԣͩ¶Ϊߣ׬øࡣͩڿΪƷߣ𵱳Ʒ߻Ҫ׬ǮΪڳɱϣƷ߽Ʒ߸ңǼ۸ȴ屶֮࣡
ͩص˶֮У֮Уһǰ꣬ǧƷߣϵټĲ϶ùˣͩų
ÿ£ͩͻʮߵҲ࣬ʮǳһĿ
ʲ˰ͰѾתԪĵһغ͵ڶɹ
ͩˣԡ֮ϴĵƣ
䱳ҸΪ̰ͩĦţĽᣬȫĵͶ뵽檵ıְУһ̣ǰδеҸҸвСʱߵů֮¡
үΪʲôҪøƷʯˣתԪ̫ˣñ׼ʯȫоˡ˵ҪͻƵռ֮ԴٶȻ죬Ҿ㻹Ҳҵġ
ǰҲڵأתԪɾתҪȥԺƷʯãҪüƷʯˡͩҲڷԴ⡣ⲻҪ⣬Ͼͩһʦһ׬Ǯľʯܹ׬ġǱɾ鷳ˡ
ͩѾǺԼıͩѡʮڡ֮Уǧ֮Уڵһ֮һֱΪֻ̡̹ᦡӡ̫ͼʮ


106  ֲ
ı֮Уֻ̣ܹٿֻأϵƿء̹ᦣأ޼᲻ݣӵǿĹӣɣɻĤƣ˫֮ǿġ̫ͼʱգٵˮܡʮգУգ֮صһڻ֮£գһֻ̺̫ͼ֮ġ
ȴ֮ƵģΪʮ㣬ԷֿƣһһؼӸߣֻܹͩ㲻ˡԣֻѡˡ
ͩҲһ־Զ֮ǧ֮Уײ֮УֻͩѡˡͩѡǰļûƲϣʲôƬĤڡ֮Ƥ֮ģ̫̬ˣû˵ĶȥҰ
˵ʮҪһЩʼʱֻҪ̥ǳ֮ʮšǧ˰ֿռᾧ
⻹һЩϾͩ˵ֻǹһ㣬̥մ½֮ʱԴȪȡ൱ڻһĴ½̥ǰϲȡǳ֮ͬˣǺ֮ҲĺǾȡźҲữΪУֻʥ򼶱ܹģȡǳ֮ˡռᾧǿռ֮ɵľʯͬޱƴָĲ֮һֻҪһᾧܹƳһƷĴָжʮĿռ䡣ƷָܹγһĴָһȻҪǧ˰֣
磬ˣǾ൱һСˣ֮Ĥ֮Ļҿռ֮Уռвֱ֮Ϊ㣬֮󣬾ͻƬռв֮Сν磬ʵ˵ˣǴƬܹҲܹ嵱ֿռ䣬ؾ磬ϲȡ֮
ͩһһҪ֮࣬С磬ҲһؼʿܹŪĶ
ͩеˣˡŽԺҪٲϰҪȥ׬Ǯڳ֮ǰͩҲ׬ôడҪͩȥ
ͷۣޱȵͷۣôϣͩһҲûУŶһռᾧͩӵһ̫Զˡ
ô죿䱦취ֻͩ䱦ˡ
һ٣٣ҲôԴ䱦ش
ͩһۣⲻǷϻ𣿾ͩΥԭֱӿһռǿߣҲЩԴҪֻ񣬿ܹͩĻõͷ
ڶ޸ͭǮڲռ䣬ͭǮĹܣ׿ռ䡣Ǯͨ׵ģҵĵ価֮⣬׹á˳Ӧ޸Եѷ죬Чѡ޸׿ռĻЧֻеˡ䱦˵ʵҲ޳ܣڻڳɳ׶ΣֶӦڵһ㿪׿ռ䣬û㹻ͭǮҲ޷ﵽͨ޵ĿģռܣһһöͭǮûʲôáֻܶһҵּ֮Уûд洢һЩڽ׿ռ֮С
ҵıô죿ͩ̾ͩɲԸϣڶĲϡ
ʵһ취ǾӶᣬûҪķҪЩԴ䱦Ϊͩ
⣡ͩϲ˵Ҫͻռ֮ȥĻ
ͩһ£Դֵϣʵֲ̫һЩӶϲóһ⡣

үүǰͩĦΪȴ㷴ӦҲûУȻˣҲѹˡ
Ŷ˼˼⡣ͩӦ˹Ϊӵػص漴Ӧ˹԰Լӣ˸檵Ǹġ
ͩתһѽ뻳УͷͰеģ˵ߣԺٸҴϱ˼³𣿡˵꣬ͩſػʼϸƷǰ
ŶǰиûĸԸسУ
ͩĿƣӹ⻬ǣ۵
дͩϮʹؽг
ͩڴʱͻȻͣһ˫ۣɻֲؿͩ
ͩݺݵһΣҲӣӦ̺Ҳǣ
ǣӵػشˡ
¶еһΣ㲻ѧĻүҾȥһͩõ˵
ðɣ˼ѧ𣿡ˣһɲһŮԼ裬ȻԺºѱ⣬ԼүĵһŮˣӵоԵƣҪץסǡ
ϣʵΪʵǿߣ檣ƽ֮¡½ϸɴûⷽԼ
ԸĻҲʵһԺʮ󹬼ǧҲû˻˵ʲô
ڣеƵ֮УгƵӳе棬ֳڲءǰǿƼչƸﵽһ̶ȺĲŴУһжΪʵ
ͩѾʮˣһЩǰۺ͵¹ҲڱƷͩѾѧ᲻ǰĵ¹硣
ǳĴַǿʳ
Ȼͩϲͣţͩԡţضʼơ
һͷ˳ˮУˮӿֻͩԼķһůΧһһʹ
˺ð죬ͩͷޱĵشӳˮ˳һˮһ㣬ĵͩĻ֮Уʵү𣿡
Уղʮ㣬Ҫͩ۵
ʲôʱʼʽ˫أҶѾ˾תԪڶתˡҪ˿ĶˣҪΪͩһŮˣܹá
żСǱүҸӻָͩѾ̽ԴᲦϷС
̱ͩϡ
ͩ˹ˮգϢңӵߡһ˾ͳ˯ˣǻһĨҸЦݡ


107  ͻռ
ڶ죬ͩ˹ȴһֱڴûжûаܹӶҪԴ
ү簡Ҳ˹ĵ˵ͩϣһġ
ָͩǰĴУ˵Ĵ죬ʽ˫ޣһͻƵռ
ˣ̧ͷһͩϲ˵ģ̫ˣռ겻ʮܹ꣬ôͻƵռռǧԪ㹻ʱԻӻ㹻ʱȥ׷ߵľ硣
ռڻԿһǧļ壡
ԼܹͻռɾԲѸ׵ͻơͻƺͨͻռȫͬġ
ͩһָ̫ĵغ͵عع̵ز˫֮ع֮УȻǰأֻʹ˫֮˸һĸ
úòɣǾʽʼˡͩ˵վˣȥľ衣
ҲҴϸĵȥ񹦵ĵغ͵أرǵء
ʱһζ񹦵˲٣ͩĹȷʵޱȵİ˫֮Уҳңȥٴ棬κһʿ˵ⶼġ˫ޣ˫ԸһԸ⣬˫ջ˺ôֻ˷һλԵ
׼𣿡ͩϢ֣صʵԸſĽᣬ˫𣿡
ʵж֤һУסͩүɣԸ⡣һ˵һסͩ
ͩȥңȥ
Уͩҵľ󷨣ͩϥƴϣ졣
Ҫָͩ㣬ڵȵͩй֮ǰ̺СֱͩСͩųĿ֮ſͩĴ㣬ȵԼҲ֮͵ȥ
ľʹ̲סг
Ͻ˹һͻơֱͩһԪڴ޼ʼתͬʱ̫Ҳʼת
˵գͩסڿԡԪʼѭѭٶԽԽ죬˵ľ궼һ·궼ڽطϴһ㣬ֻһԤĸом
ͬʱ˵꽻ϣ˴˶飬˫˽˴˵ԸͰãĬ͸Ҳ
䡪ӴγˣԲڵʼͩĶ֮С
Ƽǵ˷׷׳۲졣
ռϵʿǿ֣˳ڷλͻƵͬжǱ
ؼʿޱĽؿͩĶҲYYԼԺҲͻƾͺˡͻռʵλҪǻøáؼ֮ÿһʿӵİԪԽþԽռһͻƾǧԪԺÿһӰԪԻǧ֮ãȴؼԪ屶֮ࡣ
ףҲ̫˰ɣλռʿȵ
Ȼ䣬һɣԲǧ
⣬⾹Ȼؼʿͻռλռʿ˳һȡ
ã뷨ֶΣͬʱͻƣУոͻƵĶҲͨĴؼʿ
Բǧ˹˸ࡣ
ʲô˸ôǲղˣ𣿡ĳλؾżʿȵ˵ôӴȻգҲ̫ӴˣԼͳŲסˡ
ʱƣеշΧ󣬿˾ޱȣл󣬾ʹ˻ʲôʿ
ڴʱֵʱ֣֣֮ͬͷųľҲһͬע֮С
ֱ֮в𽥻ָƽ
Ķ˳ɹˣһΧ֮ʿ̾
ãɽֶλռͬ˰ĳλڴ˵ռʿ̾
ɽָľɳ䵱ŻĴɽ
ˣֿˣɢ˰ɣҪȥصĻҲȸɣĳһλ¸ڵɢվ˳к
ʱûȥͩһĵĹˣסڴ˵ʿеľǿҪͻˣͻƾʱ򣬳ޣû˻ȥűͻƺȹΪġ
Ȼͩ˵أûгҡȻعأûȥš
ʵͻƾ磬ЩھסɳǵĸʿԶʲôʵ£ЩһסǼĿʿÿꡢʮͻôһµʿ඼ϰˡֻвŰûõʿԼЩƿţһֱ޷ͻƵʿǲŻո֣˳㿴һ˵ͻܷԼָ
ʱһΣ¹ȥˡ
ͩѾΪȹ̣˶Լͬ˫ۣһ۹š
ߣȥϴϴ˵ͩԡȥȻţ߶֮䣬ⲻõһϮˡ
Ȫ֮ͩŷֿ
үϴɡùϴõһСƵϸĵظͩ徻š
ȵ˶ϴɾˣһسˮ֮˶ޱȷɵӵˮС
ȻүҵĽԪҵһ걾ԴҲԪ֮Уô£оѾˣ˵ռ֮ҪԪĥԪģԪֻԪ̶ɵһģҪע걾Դġռ֮öԪͻᱻƣȻ꣬ǿ󣬿Ժգǿ󣬿Գط
һ֮·
ڸоһɡͩ˵
ףңôӵôǿȻţҲٿˡޱȵؽеϲ
Ȼؼͻռ֮ʦҲõȻ޷ʦһɲٿأʦռʱ򣬿̽Χ֮ãȴ޷زٿĳһ
ȻһпܷĳһһʦҲܹΪʦӻǴڵģֻ̫ϡˣÿһһϳѼվ
˵ŹߵĻ˫֮·Ҳ˵κһ֮ʦҲʦһӵǿĽսʦҲܳΪʦӴԺͲʦҲʦͩش
ϲס֪ͩͩԶĹ񼶹Ȼͬ죬Ȼܹʵ̫ǿˣ̫ˡ
̹ͩȻֳ飬Ȼо·ڱһֻ۵СֲŪšͩŭˣ˱λãͦһ̡


108  Ӷ
ҲʵҶˡҲǳ֣ԭ»ôŵ⣬úõľȻҪն̫пˡ
Ϊʦûѧϰķļգͩʵ
ѾʦˣٳΪʦҲ˷ѣѧʦô˵
ô뵽ѧͩΪ⣬ûдʦһûõһҩʦķְ֧ҵͺʦҲΪͷרʦҩΪϣ⿵ַЩϣʹζϺӪ϶ﵽ˫ر׼
ͩףνҩˡ
檣ԺҪôͷ¶棬רڼ̺ˣʦζʳȡһЩҩЧٺòˡش
Ҳãɳƺʦѵγ̣ԱμӣҲҪæ׬Ǯ׼㹻ԴƱͩͬ
ʲôǱʵͩǰоԼûá
һԳɳߣ԰㣬Ϊ΢ʼɳΪҲԽ󡣡ͩ˵
⣬ⲻԶ˵еֶ𣿡֪̾ģԶһֿɳɳߣǳԽƷߵҪ֮һϧѾʧˡ
㲻ҪЩԣţҾͲžƷûиıˡֱ֮һһֻһһ𣿡ͩʵ
ҲգҴ֮Լѡɡͩ޼ܸϸһƪ֮¼ǧһĵϵУͩɲ˽Դڣľ硣
޼Ҳһƪֻ֮ʮԹѡ֮£һ֣Ҳֻ൱¼֮ееİʮֱļ¼֮Уһַڶʮ֣аʮ֣İپʮ֣߰ٶʮ֡һ£һʿѡһСڶк͵ഫһеķΪԭͶоġԣһеԶ֮У൱ڵϵĺһսԼռǼ֮мǻ۲ſǿ
ͩţǵеķõ˵Ҳ൱Ĵˡ
Щ֮УֻһΪȴƶپƶ١
һʱͩʼ˷æĹȾӶ㱨ԼΪȡȻռϣ˵ͱᦣͩ㽫ǻ¯ǵܡ
ڴͬʱͩڼڲϵؽӴһЩͬҲʶ˲ʦҩʦʦ˴֮ҲǾ֮ǺһЩʦ֮Ϊ죬˴۵ཻ飬ڱ˴˵һѵõĽֶΡ
Ҳѧϰգ˲ʳ׻Լ˼ֻС͵ĵͼ޻ڶ֮˩ţĶܲܳԡ
ͩʱҲڷ׬Ǯûеȵ¶Ĵ⣬ûа취ɳְͬҵĸʵ̫ˣͩէģûʲô޵Ʒ˿¶أ˵ˣͩڻû
ͩҲ⣬ͱһ֮󣬴ٶȺˣһ壬ռĸҲ̽鵽ַΧҪصκ
ͬʱͩ׼Ĳϣдչռ侧ʯÿߵϼܵķ߶һҲͶһƷҪ󣬶ҳɱͣѸ٣ֱͩ࣬һˡƷķߣҲֻǲƷôΪʿռ֮һ㶼ӵбȴؼң׬ǮٶҲȴؼʿöࡣԶڷߵҪҲ൱ظߣķߺǣһЩʵģռʦֻƷˣܱͭҪõöɣ
ͩҲڲϵظĽԼַϣܹȺƳƽ𼶵ߣ¹һЩŻƽ𼶵Ʒʣܹϵġ
һһϦܹ쵽ġ
ңͩڱҲôżˣͩɴ˾תԪĵתԪٴѹʮǵģһֻѹʮȥǰתѹһٱͩԭԪһӾʮ֮ţʣµҪԼͣۡ
ʱͩǲżˣƱɹ֮ǰͩԼС磬Ǿת֮󣬾תֻǾתԪǰתԵüһЩתɾˡ
ͩҲֹͣøƷʯǸѰ߿˫ԪȻǷǳģоǣ
ʡĸƷʯǿʼռռ侧ʯԼƸϡ
ܿ͹ȥˣͩÿһ춼÷ǳʵͩҲоͨ˫֮ΪǿҪǣͭǮ޸һѺۣЧȫ߹־һ깥ٷ֮ʮ߹깥ָͨ깥
Ҳ˵ͩռ־ռµ깥ͩЧռ깥Ҳܹ׵ֵר깥ӵмǿطռ۷֣ܺͩ
ԣͩǿĲΪҲǹʵ
ռʿı仯Ȼڼͩоֻ࣬ҪһʱԷооյ飬ľ˱仯
ռʿӷḻǿڶ緢ͩꡣͩżǰѾתоطˡ춼Ҫʮϵֱۣ۵ع۲طı仯Ͱ
һ죬ͩڶСͥ԰ԵۿɽµľɫȻյӶϢͩӶᷢŵĸߡ
ͩʮڳɹռɼ㣬ϵŰոǰӶᷢʮ׵ãաڽռôӶὫлܲصҷǧ׵㡣ϣٽ
ͩϢ֮󣬲סˣʮ׵㣿ҿԭΪʼҸߵѧ԰ҪӶ󷽵ö࣬Ӷؼʱһһǧ׼ʯ̫ˣٵͩȥ졣
ڲ֪ӶӶᣬǶһһһ﷢ʮ׵㣬һһһǧƷʯֱһ򱶵̫ţˡ
֪ͩʵı죬ؼֵǷ꣬ռǿ׷֮£ȫʮڽռŰţȻӴ
ͩɴֱӰǷݿֲĲĵҪϣתӶܲ


109  Ű
ͩͨߣᵽѯһŰϸһƣԭŰ񵥲Ǽ򵥵İ񵥣ǽӶţסӶ¼ţǲȡֶӶ¼µʤ
Űֻ¼ͬһһԱռͼİ񵥣ϰҪҲ򵥣ʱĳ̣Լ͵Ķ٣оεȵۺϷ
ͩǼŰǰһҲͩмֽϾܹȫӶ֮ǰһҲǹٵġ
ϸһ飬֪ԼȻֻڰʮԼǰ棬аʮԼӱ̬ļһ˿ϵȨȰϵţÿһǧƷʯ֮⣬лֵĽֻҪڰ϶УֱǺʮһǧ֣ʮʮǧ֣ʮʮǧ֣ʮǧ֣ڶ͵ǧ֣һˣһ֡
ȻֻΪŰ񣬲ʵа
ãһҪðϵ˸еû㹻ԴٶȣͩпϣӶܹҵĲԼΪ϶ںܳһʱǲˡ
ͩȨ࣬ƷԼƷµߺҩͩţķҲͩţֻҪ㹻Ĺ׵ܹһ
ͩϸһ£ؼײ似ķˣֻǶһĹ׵൱ˣҲΪλ
ͩǲҪһЩ֮ЩҲ⴫⵹Ҳʹͩʡһʿ֧ȫ׵Դϡ
үԷˡ괫
ͩ˶ƣ붴֮Уر˶һͿϾϵһۺɫĸΧȹΧȹ֮ʲôûдǰ濴ȥˡתʱ¶ıοȥˣ˿µѪʮﲻֹ
ͩʮɰڣ޾м檣Ψң
Ҳ֪ܳãͩɲ֪֮ãΪˣӦøϧȫȥػΪ˽һֱάȥҪǿʵڻܹһʱƽһֻͻͷ
ν粻ֹеʱǱ˻±Ƶòò
ͩӼһƬƷһ£˵ͷ޵нζĲǰֱġ
ǧС㣬˫ֲմˮſڣּ֣ǹŵڲҲΪͩϴ̺ͩʳһҪΪͩůĦǰͩĸŮ˻ǰôı仯
ͩӡԪ屦䡷֮Уһײڵϵеġ⡷һϵͳܹⷨ÷ɽʹãƾ⣬൱ǿ
ռؿͩ𵶵ϳԶԽԽԽ٣ڣҲܻ䣬ſ˵ϣףͩǰ
ôˣͩҲע⵽Ķ
˼ҲҪԶܻسˡǡ
ʱͩĵ̺ͿһֱڼѾȫռвеʱͩйҲԶ󻶡ѾȫƲסеˡ
ͩһ£Ŵ޼һܸ٣ȥ
ڵȻѾܹסڶʱȻʡ߹ּҴС㣬ѾΪڼǵǹ󸾣óõļƷŮӣͩǰŵҲŵġ
ͩǻˣϵĲ˸ԹˣȻϵΧȹһǣ׼ڣɵؾɱ˽ȥ
˿̣ˮѾģԮҪ̵ͩԼͿʼҧ촽ܻӭ
ڴʱߴϢ
ͩһƣ˸ߣ淢һϢӶֻܷۣ跢ϵԴΪֻܷ´޶ŲԱͩõԴʼһôﵽռ򳬳ʱޣҪԺĹ׵ʾ޶ծͬʱһ᲻᷵ԴѾ͵ӶɳǷֲͬʱΪռᾧ޴ܹ֣ԼʽʮѾʡŬͻƣףˡ
ͩϢ˷ޱȣϽѯԼʻȻʻ϶һʸߴ20ҵľ޶ʽ
ֿռᾧҪӻѶʮңʮҲδ̫˰ɣͩѾ߿ˣڿ۽绹̫СծһϣԼԺ͵ΪӶϼʮİ׹ˡ
ͩʮָ˵ģڴ̥ǳ֮ˡֻŻõĲϣռᾧǷǳġֱǮҹϵͨʦЭܹˡ
үʲôôˣͩѯϢʱֹͣ˴ȵĶûдͩ
£ǳõĺ¡ͩЦ˵¥ڶ֮⶯
Ű񣬲˵϶ŰȨʾ޶ԴͨǸõġ
ӶҲΪ󳬼֮һֱʣ
ͩڶͨʦЭᣬͨһϵöʮҵֵۣĿռᾧҲҺͩӵʦ֤飬ٻһǮҲôĿռᾧ
磬ͩӶᣬɳǵӶ᳤Ȼһʥ򼶱ǿߣͩĵΪ⡣
ǰáͩظλ᳤λ᳤ȥʮᣬòλ᳤ʥʱ䲢
ýǰˣҽһʦ־ͿˣͬʱŲĳԱֻʥ򼶱ţռšҿˣʮֲռŰΣҵҲ˶١ЦǺǵ˵
μʦ̸֣ͩĿڵʹϵĻɲͩʶϸߣѯŰϢ
Ȼͩ鵽ˣҲռϢλʦֿɲˣһռʮռʱڰһٶʮռռϵϾûˣǲܹͩ鵽ˡ
ԭʦôСԺҪʦֶһֻʦôɳǵ᳤أ
ԺʥʱҲƵҲܸ㡣ˬЦصͩúüͰɣϣܻų嵽ʥ򼶱ҪҪܹ֤Լȥ


110  ׼
ͩɫмֳص뿪ӶᣬصԼɳϣûпڻҸ棬ȥֻһԭ򣬿Ű
ͩû̴ӶȡضǴȵ¾㱸֮ȡָ
ѾȫˣǻҪһЩϣһЩܹ򵽻ĲϣЩϸòŴӶù׵Ϊ׵̫ˡЩĶ򵽵ģ˵Լߴ֡
ҲƷģͨɹؼռϵɹռʥƷɹ
ͩƴ֣ӶһһͨһϵЩڹĲֿȵʽƵʱͬöӡд̥ȲϵƷָһȡΪռϣ׼£ͩ뿪ʼռ֮ĵһ

Ϊ檵ͩڶУǱ⡷ͲաͬʱҲǧƷߣʱʱһЩȥյľʯ͹衣
ʱһξ͹ȥһ꣬ͩ˷Χڵĸ֮תг͵桢ԼռһЩϣͬʱҲڳԼƵľƷƷƽ𼶵ķߺͩѾռ˴󲿷ָϡ
һ죬ͩСϽµһУŴ콣ڵͳϽ콣ڡӽһռȻ󶴣Ȼ󶴣ʮŷֵģвƴ֮нס߽޴ڡʮǰһɢ޴ӿżȻõһЩĲϣóȥһۡɢ޿ʼп⴦󶴣ûͱ˷ˣ⴦Ҳ֮ˡ
콣򣬿ǿڵ·֧ܶ࣬֪жٿµޣ콣ڵ˸˲صĴֵۣòʧ
ɴſ󶴣ɢǿԽȥƣȥһÿ˽һٱ׼ʯɢӿ˴ʮ⴦Ҳ˳ҵʯܹҵһЩڳ˲ٹŴʬŴߺʹָҲø˵ɢһҹ
ž⴦󶴵ĴߣͬʱҲΪ⴦󶴣Ͻµ󶴲ԶķУСչ˴С
ڷΣ̤ͩȥ
ʱޱȣʿŶӣҰķУȥʲôһζҪշѵġ
Ӵǰ룡һؼŷε˿ͩշУΣϽӭ˹к
ػҪصġͩȻʵ˵óʮű׼ʯ˼һ¡ʵһЩźſķҪ볡⣬СжͩλռǿߵǮ
ǰ̫ˣǰλ˵ûƴǵЩռǿߣȱǮֻǱ߽ˣҪòӭռǾǵڶĳϺġ
ͩѾϰһȥԵԼүүߣޱȵسƺԼǰˣнԭʼһĻǿʳĴַ
һ뷻Уͩӹ˸ķеͼʼϸز鿴
õĴͷУڰ˸Ҫתɲס
ͣһ¡ͩԼгȻסһԭԭζ޳һɵͼ޳ٶȲʮֻЩ޶ѱ˳Ʒ֡
Ӵλˣȥ򲻸ҵֻмϰ߼ΪҲֲͩĸֻгƺһˡ
ȥһЩ͵棬һЩϣϤͩ޳ĺʵ
ˣСʹȥͩȥȫҲǷ֮ſĵ̡
ţһͳˡͩ³֮ʱһű׼ʯ
̤㱦¥װǳӵţйŷ硣
ӴλǰҪʲôһС˹ӭ
ԭʵƹ񣬿һͩ۾һɣϽӭ˳λǰ¥룬¥롣
ִ£й˰ƹİͩӭ˶¥е
һִ·ε˹ӭշѹգ
ֻͩ
¥İ軹ҪһЩһҡ
ԭѣˣϺò衣ʿԸ
һС̾ͰȻ󹧾ޱȵ˳ȥ
ѣȲ衣ʿͩһ֮󣬲ʵѴ֪кЧ֮
һ嵥еģȫҪûеģ뷮ָһͩ΢ЦŴӸУһĻвٲơ
ЩϣеǾʮĸϣеȴϽ¯ġ
šռᾧ¾ʼ񡢰ʯʿҲΪλѵֱʴһ
ԵƬ̣ȥֿȡʿվϵ¥ȥˡ
ͩеغŲ裬ûжãһյʱ䣬ʿˡ
Ҫһʮֲϣֻʮ֣ʣ°ʯʯҿվʯȪ֮ۡľЩĵرҪѰҪϼʮ꣬ҲܹײһЩɢ޴ӿڳˡʿóһƷָݸͩ
ͩһɨȻʮһġ
ǺðɣЩɣҪپʯʷУͩ̾˿ʵܹôѾǲˣЩͩһ껹ûռȫɼжôˣҺõõһλɢʦָ㣬һУһӾͽʮ֡
ʮֲϣͷĨһǧʮ׼ʯʿӡʵͩĿǵӣѿԲ鿴һ¡
ˣŵĳŵùġͩҲǵһˣЩϣһû򵽣Ҳ˽⵽ǵļֵǮǳ
ͩóʮǧ߰ٿƷʯ˷ʿ
ʿһɨЦعֵлѻݹˣӭ´ι١˲Զ¡УӦûһΰɣ
뷮ѣһʣµİֲϣûЩϣ»һˡͩһ뿪޳뿪ˡ
ͩڷиС̵ţ٣Ҳʣµļֲϣֻʣ°ʯľȪ֮ۡʯû򵽡
رǰʯľʮĸ֮ֲϣһʱûҲûϵԺټӽȥǡ


111  ¡
ͩһջסὫʮУʱǣż
ͩʱһµջ
ջ񣿶ԣջ£ͩϵֶ˶ʮնʿͩף֮УΣյĲޣЩʿµǣЩʿ֯мɵж
ͩҲңҺԼͻռ֮ųҪǴؼҴܵĻͱЩ̰ʿϴһգСܱס
֮򣬹ȻҪҵöࡣռʿǹڲĻᱻȥˣһٵģûռϵĴڡ
֮˵ȻռĴŶӣ֯ǳ˲ΡܳԼ·
ͩӵǿķҲΪ̡
ǰͩλ߼ʿ·ģؼ似߼ϽһϤͩҲűͩȫǶ֣ƾŴ˳һµˡ
˵˵ͩǵһϻؼ似ģǸŵ洫ӲʵЩ洫Ҳ١
ʿĲпᣬЩڳ֮еһ䣬һ£᲻ġ
֮ͩҲԽСĽɾСĽǰҲȻһȺ˸ΧˡҺͩһ
ͩһЩʿĲƲⷢʵ̫ˣǰһȥϵľʯ׬˻ӯء
似ؾߣͩǴȥ
ͩͨһЩн黧ⲿֳƷ֮Ķ֮һ׬׼ʯϧ似ΪƼ½׵ģеؼ似ķǾ͸ֵǮˡ
ʮ죬ͩ¡ᡣ
һλϰżĽӴԱذͩӭ˽ӴңʵλǰʲôҪæ𣿡
ҪίйУͩڵ
ԵȣⷽרһλӴԱֻһС̶ѣ˲ˮͨϱͷ
һһ۾ߺһ˽
Ӵִ´ˣŷˣˣСľ͸ˡ˵գ͹˳ȥ
ˣ£¡Ĺ£˵ҪίбƷһ£λļʦŷǰ˿ؽܵ
ԭŷǰˡͩһ߾Ȼռǿߣɵóһ¡еʵɼһˡ
¹£ҪƷͩҲûн飬óƷƽ𼶷ߣƷƽսһƷƽ
ŷʦùߣʼϸؼ
¹йµʵʵѣЩɷ֪Ҳ֪콣һʵĲҵ̼ңĶҪײС
Ǻǣ¹·ģ⼸Ʒǳµֱʣµְҵ¡ͩЦЦ˵
ϻⲻҳ𣿳żΪۺıʵܹŵ콣ڵϡ
⼸߶ɵģûκαʹùĺۼûκ⡣ŷʦʱ򿪿ڵ
¹¶ЦݣǸǲ˼Ĺأ벻ѻһλʦʧˣѼ¡
ŷʦ۰ɡͩЦЦ˵
ţСӣղ߽ǲɶõľƷʵǡôߣÿһļۿԶΪ׼ʯսļ۶Ϊ׼ʯ׼ʯŷʦش
úʵĻǾǩͬɡ¹˵
õġͩӦǩίкͬнȡɽ۵7Ϊίзã˫һݣԱܡ
죬Ժӭʦչ˱е⡣¹кʦƷƽ𼶵ռʦֵ£
˵»ҪһŹڼе볡ƱԼƷ嵥ءͩҪУ֮ǰ۳볡ƱԼƷ嵥ֻ嵥ȴʱµġ
¹µ׼شӴָóһɫƣͩǱаҵ볡ƣ֮ʱƷݣӭ١
ͩ˹֮̽УȻˡͩûϸе᳡Ϊ볡ͨĺڴ᳡ࡣҪ᳡ĹģȻͭƽĹңвͬķ
ֻͩռǿߣôֻõһͭƣͩһʦ¹¸ǰƣܵռǿߵĴ
뿪Уص˿ջ֮ڣͩϸز쿴嵥ҵ˰ʯͷʯȱľ
ͩ괫ϵɳǵĸкһңûľҪʮ顣
үʲôʱʵ
ˣֻҪĵʯͷʯӦþܻˡͩش
ðɣһŬľġӦ

ãڶһ磬ͩ˽ͷʼйʵҲй䣬ǵɢްڳĸС̯λ
ǧҪСЩɢޣЩɢܹпʿ̯֮ģ඼һЩԼرСǾԼͩĳҲɢޣĿǰ˵һɢޡ
Щɢ޾󲿷ֶӶһӶݡ
˵Щɢ޵УһλͩͬӶʽԱ֪ͩӶԴṩ;ķ㣬ԼӶᷢŽʱǿ֮󣬲ҪΪӶʽԱףҪΪŲžˡôţֻӱλŰ֮Уϳͷ
һɣͩһͻ˸Ǯܹ򵽵ӴԴЩԴ֮УҪ񼶱ĴԶֲɼУŰĳԱӣɼһˡ
ԣʣ죬ͩʱ仨ڹϡ
Ҳʶǰʶĳ档
˵ϰ壬ֵİ齣Ҳ̫˰ɣܲٵ㣿һȥΪǵĴضʿʵ
⻹٣ϵƷҲüǧ׼ʯֻһٱ׼ʯ⻹ӹ󰡣̯Ϊ
齣ɢʧ࣬һĹŶҪΪͻƴضеļҵˣܿҲµòӦǴӵ¿ڵİɣ


112  ʼ
ؽۣͩҲȤﻹڳߣ
ͩɴյԱߵǸ̯λӿ˿̯λϵĶ̯λϵĶ൱ӣ߲Ƭиֵͽ׿ʯиֵͽҩиֿȥЩЩĸֱͷߡ
ӴλǰļΪΣִ̯ĵкͩռǿߣλɵﲻ
û£Ǽǣǿ۾ͲˣȱǮͩػشһֻʣ°صıϸһɨֱɨ˱棬Ҫһ˽·ơ
ûرģ֮ǰƷǴ˿Ѿȫ𣬲ҲΪ̫öʼȫûмֵԣһڵķƷͩѽˣֿ
ͩҡҡͷ뿪ˡһûʲôмֵġ
ţͩͿʼƵڸ̯λͣڿ˵һٶ̯λ֮ͩ˼ʮű׼ʯһϺõĿʯҫʯʯͷϾһʵĻʯֻҪһЩĩڷ֮ڣܹļӲ̶ȣʵҪ֮һ
ڵͼ򵽺ҫʯ֮ͩҲˣƵƵһЩöһЩоֵĹŴߣԼһЩĹŴᡣ
ҹĻ٣ͩص˿ջʼջҪоᡣϹ֮ǰƼԶԶûзչ̶ȵʱǸʱദ׶ΣǴǿžչĿģǸʱʹ洢ϢĳƷֱǿǿֺ֮ͣŽŲʼͿµõءҲ࣬Ŭؽ̻ʹԽԽǿʢƼʼչϢģ⼼ȵһ¼ĲҲþὥ˳ʷ̨
Ŵֵľв٣ܹ򿪣õľˡŴõľᣬǷӡѧһŲ֪ⷽǿд򿪾ᣬֻ˲ա
ʵִ֮УᲢûȫ飬ΪϲҪϡҪһֶΡճ֮˳̨˺̨Ϊ˱ܵҪֶΡ
Ҳнھ᷽֪ʶѧУˣһֻ֮ڣһרϰּ
Щø߼ƤëƳɣޣܹգ֮վޡ
ͩڻʼҸߵѧԺʱͼҵһЩϣǾͽ⼼ʼҸߵѧԺûдѧơͩԴ˸ȤŴͼ˲ԼáǣͼϴǼأ͵ϣԺص൱ģ
ҲֻȻʮſµطŻĹŴᣬʱԽãЩܿͻʧʷĳС
ͩõЩ֮Ҳڳоν⡣
ļͩʱй䣬չһЩ͹Ŵߡ
ͩҲףЩ֮УõĿ»٣ΪڹŴЩʵϳ䵱ڵʼ־;šϵûжټֵļأҲΪʲôŴִֻбڵ̯ϵŶԭ
ΪļҵˣϾҵˣȴĳѪصʫ䰡ռǰ֮Ѫûõݡңļܷ಻ʤǶһܷĽܹⷨ⿪еľᡣ
ͩҲûָܹоʲôԣЩϣͩ
ֵˣʣµľ֣ںϾߺһΪ
ڣͩȵʽĻˡ
һͩؾᣬʾ˰ơ
һλ޵ĸƣλ崿ŮͩңĿˣ룬ķ䣬ʲôҪԾܷԸλŮǻһҪᵽжԿܵĳͷ񡣡
̵Ǻɫĵ̺װ޵Ŷʧһһ޴͸ǽɳϣԿ̨棬ֻܿһǽںͷ⾵ӡ
ְһǽȫ͸ľӵļҲĸ¿Ƽ֮һ
ʿϵĴͳ͸¿ƼϣͩһʱմҵĸоھöˣҲϰˡ
ˣȵʲô̺Ůվ˳
ưɡͩҲġ
һŮһƣΪͩƣѾƱݸͩһλŮǹڵأΪͩĦȽţ൱ܵ
ͩҲǵһβμᣬϵεᣬһ㶼ᰲŮū̺һܹùܵͬһķ񣬶ЩڰµʱʧȥǣĳߵļǮ
ͩϲŮǲɵģνӰƣȡ֮еͬĵͩЩŮ˲ȤȻÿ˶ǾϸѡŮҪǣ֮ûһǰ˶֮
ͩպ˰ƣʽʼˡ
ˣһʦ̨
λʽʼˡαнҪĳʮ߼ƷһƷ̨ʦߵ
һƷƽ𼶵Ľսԣ30һ½ؼʦؽš
ᰴţͩǰĶʮƷȤֱڶʮƷһᡣ
ǴӹŴż֮зģѾרҽ⣬һ߽׵൱ʵãΪ崫֮ãļǧ׼ʯͱ۲һٱ׼ʯʦ
Ȥ˲࣬ͩһǧ׼ʯļǮͩоõģ似ļֵͩǲϡ
ͩҪ֮ȪͰʯֱǷڵʮ͵ʮš
һСʱֵ֮Ȫ
ˣλǵʮƷ֮ȪڼƷ֮Уı仯ܳεģܹͷųһСʱ֮Ϊ֮Ȫһ֮Ȫļۣ׼ʯÿα۲һǧ׼ʯʦܵ
򣡡
ǧ
ǧ
򣡡

۸ܿǵʮ׼ʯʵ֮ȪʺϵľõһС֮г䵱ۣͷ
ʮ򣡡ͩȵֻʣ˽м۵ʱ򣬲ſڵ
ãʮ˳ʮˣиߵ𣿡ʦе
ԭм۵˶ͭĹǰ˽мˣҲ˼һ£Ƿˡ
ɽʦ˴ӡ
ͩû¶Цݣ֮Ȫʵ̫ңҲ֮


113  س
С
ʮƷʯһ飬ļʮ׼ʯÿα۲һǧ׼ʯһĹСĺɫʯ˴Ӵָ֮˳
ʮһ򡣡ͩһûѡ֣һͽмˡ
ҲʼмۣǮܿǵ˶ʮ׼ʯ
ʮ򣡡ͩһӰѼǮʮǮˡ
ôһʯȻټϾֻǲϣõģĴʦҲûɶãټϣصȻټÿһʮܻôΣ̫ѵãϵȲҡ
ڻںͩģһЩʦǻҪǳɱͳɹʵ⣬Եͩеʮ֮󣬾Ͷͣ
ɽʦ˴ӡ
ͩһ˰ʯֻʣľˣֻҪѰһϣͿԵӶȡϣƱȻͿԷſĽᣬΪˡ
ͩƳɱ֮ǰôˣͨ˫ԼƽУΪҲǵ൱죬ﵽһ۷塣
ռһƳɱ֮ͩÿһΪᾭһϴͼͩɲװ˷һܵĻᣬԲѹΪ
ռ֮ͩɵֳͬһˣͨǬ֮˫ޣټϾתľԪԼ¼ķֻҪԴϣͩû̫ƿסΪĽȶֿٵ
ô๦϶ᵼһЩһķ֮໹ܸһͩȴһ¼ǿķӵаеķƽͣû޼ôҲûоתԪôȴܺܺõںķ߻ħ
ڼͩѼĲ֮ûвֵ˼ˣԼƷͩҲһ¡
ˣҪһƷˣƷһžᣬͨᣬһؾڡʦĻһء
ֳͷͩôһҲعרעضһƷ
Ҫ֪ؾǿвٱشڣ˵һսղضսؾ֮Уؾʮ֮һ֮һղأǶһ˻˵Ƕڱ
ͩûãͷӦ˹æסе̰ǵ˼ûдԼȱԴƱܻлǿ㹻֮أԼԺøƷʯЧʶԵòҪüƷʯԼ֮⣬ԼҲͬҪԴ
ͩԼһ߳ɹʸЧʵʦȻԼ˶ĸоɼɵĵԴεĿֲˡ
Ҳһֵɽ󰡡ͩ̾һҡҡͷⶫԼҵҲòҲǻɱ֮ġǸ֮Ŀ꣬һȷѪⲻ˵ˡ
ȻͩϣᱻǮһӾǵǧ׼ʯеۡ
ͩϴϻҲô࣬ǲһʮֲϣеĲһҪԶΪλǴɹȻǮͶˡ
һͷֳĲˣֱ˺
󣬻Եȡʤڱ׼ʯõžᡣ
ͩ׺ܿ죬һѪȷͻˣҪϽ뿪˿пܱȥڻˮ㣿ͩǸ˵һһΪҲִ»ˮ㣬ǻ˵ġ
ԣͩܿͺĿˣȡԼĶתͳķȥ
˵ΧڣĸждֻĴͷвУȻΪͷûãѾдˣֱͨɳǣ
ͩ˳ؽ˴ͷã뿪񽣷Уɳǡ
ͩ뿪ûã񽣷еĴ㱻ˣţ񽣷оͷ˴ģĻƴռǿ֣߳սԽԽҡ
һѾͩ޹ˡ
ͩﳵȥڼƱѵط
ͩĶһƯȹӣΧų£ڳϰżµĲʽڴʱĽƱȻ
˭ܵ˿
ҡͩӦ
үڻˡѾһûмͩˣѹֵһӱȥ
Ǻǣȥ׼ԵĺȵģȻ͵ԡҡȽȥϴһ¡ͩ§ıԸ
ǣү񣬸Ͻȥ׼Եĺͺȵˡ

Ȫԡ֮Уڣˮ
ͩڳˮУȪʮܡ
ͩУ˴˱Ÿ룬һͩιƣһͩвˣһ߸ͩһľ
ү㴫ҵı⣬ϧ̫ˣֻƤëСɶ㲻ϡҪȥ֮ˣүҵľҲҵϢˣһؼҩʦüΣûгɹŪ֡ɳǲֵܶĻҶǿֵĳ嶯ˡ㱨
ţԺлȥľһλҩʦǻ鷳ˡͩȻľҩʦ÷ǳ޴ҪŪȷʵǳѰ
ɣȥݷһλҩʦܲܺúõ̸һ̸ֻȱľˡͩ̾
õģүͩ
ıѡ𣿡ͩʵ
ţûСҡҡͷ
ɲУҺ˴ϻϸѡһ£ҪٵΪˡͩ
úˮ޽ôҿһֱýĸ֡ͩ޼ͩҲᡣ
ˮ޽ҪڤȪˮ̫ˮʮԺˮԶײϣĿǰ˵ɴղ밡ҡҡͷʵ̫ˡ
ϧʵǿһЩؾػܹȥһˣֻǷֵҲ㹻ңˡͩп
ˣүҪˣ̺ɡת˻⣬ʼҡ֫ҵ˶
ͩҲ׿ȫĵͶ뵽Ůȥ
ڶһ磬ͩķ֮£һԪ۵㹻һСĴԪ
߰ɣȥλҩʦȥͩһˡ


114  ˺
λҩʦĶɽ֮ϣͩܿ͵Ŀĵء
ѣ𣿡ź
ڡһɢ洫˳
ͩһмֶ죬ȴû
ҼүãѵͲԸһ𣿡ƢʵҪǻǰƢͰһˣ̬ʵ̫ˡ
ðɡĴűλѣɡ
ͩ˽ȥ
ңȻһ˶ӣһоˣޱ߷ͩʵҲһˣֻͩǶӣһ檣Ȼͽˡ
һһӴ˳һһ˵ľҲǡ
һ룬ͣ
ͩĿɿڴؿǰӣҲͬɵؿͩ
㣬ͩһӽгͩ֡
һ£ûжԴ˵ͩ֡
С쵰˵Сӣͩϲؽе
߽˴˸˶ԷһȭӶЦ
Ͻϴ벻ôһټ氡Сĵؽе
һʮ˰ɣͩ̾ʱѣҲͷСһѡ
ǰʮˣʱÿ찡С̾
˭û˵廳ŶʱĿʱ⣬ǸʱƤʲôȤϿδƨ죬¿εϷŮͬѧ
ʮʱ⣬ˣǶǶʮҵˣȴԶֻʮëͷСˣⲻ´ϣнĲпʹ˲ò˰
ϴʲôʱѵİ⣬ⶼռ˰Сȵ
ңʮ;ˣʮռѾˡͩҡҡͷţ
ϴǲһҾͱˣҲžѲꡣڲŴضѡСӿڵ
ˣôɳǶӵģӣһҪ絽ɳͩʵ
԰ϴĸҷһʲƣһ˰ᵽԶڵĳУ㹻Դܿ˼ϰżΪ˼ӿҰǮҲˣֻиŸһԣһ⣬ˣ˳ҲؾˡٺҾɳǣһסꡣС̾ҲΪˣСѳʦһլɳޡ
ͩˣ֪˵ʲôСĸҲˣҼбľ
һ˳ԱȫǺǡѾˣʦҾְҩʦõҩʦ֤顣ϴأСֹ۵˵
ңɣҲᣬǾñط꣬ߣǶȥúõغϼͩתƻЦ
ãߡСҲûжʣѾǵͷˡ
ֻصͩĶԾȥ׼ʽˣڴ֮ǰƺһЩˡ
ϴλǣСȵȥ˳֮ŻЦʵ
Ĵ֮һּҵĴС㣬ҵ檣ͩػشԼּҵĶԹ˵һ顣
ԭˣϴǿʵ̫ǿˣҲУֱҵż񰡣ҷˣķˡСԲ۾ʾޱȾȣͬʱĴָ˵
ϴҪľС˵ţóһɫɢžľϵ֮ľʯ˵±ǣľֻѰֵĶԺҵµģٻұǡ
Сףǵͩڵػ꾧ĳڿ»ڼϰ߼ءҪľβỻģͩǾԵ⡣
ʵȷʵˡͩûƳ٣漴ȡһռҩͼʮ׼ʯһʦƷƽװ¡
Сһɨȵ˵ϴ㷢˰Ҳѹ֣ռʦƲŹء
ʲôưһһˣ񽣷СͩؾؼϢ˵˳пҪǵõǸأǲķأڣֻǸպùѡ֮ƵǷһЩҸҩд󲿷ֶǴϵʿָõġ
ǰʿ磬һǿʳ硣ǰСʱ磬ǵ̤ʱ֪֮·ôߵġСпػ
ΣȻ·ҾҪȥʵ߷壬ǿ֮·нˣСǻ֮ͩķСļ
ڴʱһӲˣ
ţóԣǺóԡϴ湻ܵġС˿˼ɣ̻
жȻҪŷңݽϣ֮·ȻнˣǸеܻҪģȤͩЦɱ
ϴ˵öԣʱ֣ɱСĵشе
Сˣֱڶϣѹ
ϴҾȻȥˣԺңѶϵɡС֮󣬾ͩ뿪ˡ
ãѶϵͩѷСͳ˶

ү벻ôɣүõһľʲôʱʼأĵ˵
粻˳٣ȥȡ˷ӶĲϣ뿪ɳǣһƧĵطҵıͩĵ˵ؾͻȻ˿Ҫľ޴ѹԲʲô¡УܹҪĲرó˻ͼ
ȻЩȥͩ޹أһɳǱǣȥˣʱ˵ɴܣꡣ㹻ԱǱزٵģ
Ϊʲôƣֵʵ
Ϊҵ֮ȫ볣淽ͬǳĴ󣬱ҪһƧ֮Сͩش
ϻһⷨƵϣһһܹͩƾԼõģҪƳɹȻʮѡ
ϸһңΧûĵطûУԶһЩҲûϵͩ˵ҳȥˣڼɡ
ǣүӦ
ͩշжȥ
ӶɳǷֻᣬͩһݣҵ˻᳤
ʦ֣ȡ߷ڴ˵Ķͩڻش
߰ɣҲûж˵ʲôϻͩȣһܷĸ¥ǰ˵Ӷڴ˽Ĳرҡ
ͩΪɻشһȥǳͨĸ¥ûܵİأҲûǿ󷨣رҲ̫ª˰ɣѵӶôţ˸͵


115  ظ
صЦһЦƿ˸¥Ĵţͩһ˽ȥ
ףǲر𣿡ͩʵȥ֮ʲôûУǳؿտ
ô򵥡˵գóһƣһָƹâԭĴͻȻһŻ
߰ɣҽȥɡֵ
ͩѹסеľȣ̤Ż֮УŻ֮ھȻһϿȣӹȿڿԿһƵı
⣬ؾͩϳһ磬ָֻĿռֻܴĿռʱ䶼ͣ͵ġ
类֮Ϊ磬Ϊʱ䡢ռڣѾõ綼֮Ϊؾ
Ǻǣûдǹ½ٵСؾһЩƷɳֻ֮һѣӶʽԱǲܽġ߽ͩϿȣǰ档
Ȼ䣬һɫӰƾ֡
ֻͩһͳϷϢֱ͸ͩãסϢ漴Ӱ¶Ϣ
ԭˣ֪λǣɫӰʵ
λռŰԱǰȡĽҲ֪ӶϲҪͩʲôֻԽʽŵġ
ԭˣɡɫӰƿţ漴ʧˡ
߽ͩ˱ͩµʵղλ
ûпһλĻش˴رİȫڽ͵
ͩ̾ӶֱˣһλﵱأղǹϢӦþ֮ϢˣȻޡ
ܵס֮ϢʴȻŰǰʮǱЦеػش
ʦ˵Цˣλǰ飬Ѿͩ˵
ûϵλ񣬲֮µĴڣڹĵλȲǡؽ͵
ʲôôܣͩʵһĵλȲԼһռʿҪ֪ҲܿһɳǵţֻǰŶѣӴˣ˵һλˡ
㲻֣ȵ㱻лܲص֮ףӶĶͷǰЩŵǱԶԶһЩλҪ֮䣬ʵͬλҲо޴Ĳࡣҵר֮Уһλͳ죡ظͩ͵
ͩˣֻи̾ٸ̾ˡΪһʥţ񵱱ڣѹ֣Ӷ۾Ҳգһµطʮ׵㣬ǰʮĸԼˡĵ̣ԶԼ֮Ⱑ
ͩ˳ȡһöӡƷռָռָҪȴָһΣռָ֮УûʱţĿռȴָҪϰٱ
ͩ˳֮󣬽ָ֮еķӡȻڣȻΪָˣͩʱԽ⣬ֻûҪ
õ˶ͩصɳǣ֮ǰ͸¶һϢɳǾҪ̫ƽˣ㣬ڱʽл֮ǰˡ
ͩ˵ͷԼαôżȡָԼûȫɹء
ʵҪǻѰѰ˻֣ʣµľǿķںϻ֡
ص֮ͩ׼һЩʳˮʣԼչ𣬲׼ѡһʵطʮ
һչؾ¡
¹ȥˣؾصϢʹ÷зˣɳǵһж𣬸ʿȻĴһҲûܵӰ졣
µĵˣź֮䣬񽣷лƴһ֮ûˡ

ͩƴ֮ϣӵһö׵ļСԪᴿԪԪ֮£һٺĻ棬ѾΪ
֮ʱͩȻо֮УӿһصڱɣȻû˶⼸ͩһֱͼѰԴ
ͩҲʹ䱦䱦ĻشǲùԺͻ֪ˣ޺ǡ
ֻͩգʼȶʹԼԭͨ϶Ϊһͩᵤ֮󣬽𵤻Զ𡣶ϵط𡢽֮ģ뵤ںϣʹǿ󣬵Խǿ󣬽ڵҹͣؼ֮ҲԽǿ
رںߴ֣ʿΪһ𣬱ʺϳΪʿԼ֮õġ˺ʿԲǿԶʱͬһǱ𣬾гɳԡ
֮ͩ˲١˿ͩ꣬вѾ֮Уս𵤵ȻԪӤ֮ͩͻȫ뿪ʶԪӤ֮УʱֻҪͩԪӤͻ֮ΣԪӤ֮󣬻ԪԪʵһڵ֮֮꣬ͬͨ꣬ԪںϣͩתΪ壬ʵ۽ʲô϶һĶ
ˣڿԿʼҵطʮձˡͩ¶ЦݣΪһ죬׼˼ʱ䣬Ϊ˸һѵõᡣˡ״Ҫһ֮ڣͻƵռ
ͩóϰָϣһ㱦״ΣƱĵһҲ򵥵һһʦֻҪܹ
˽ͱܿͳˡ߲ʮŴ磬͸ߴߴ磬а˸ţȻһ塣ͩϵÿһһɷƣ಻٣պܹȫһʮɷơӲ˵Ѿ൱Ʒˡ
ʵɼҷƷ֣ɷƴһһƷŵΪƷԴΪƣʮȫǲ˵ھƷĲʡƷ֮ͨ󣬾鱦εˡ
Ƴ֮ǿͨϵؼ¼ġʵܼ򵥣ǲͣش֮ʱĽƣ˵һһƷʱֻһɷƣôͨʿջ۵ļ֮£ϵصƣص֮󣬾ܹƷʣƷԵɺϵĻһƷпƷ


116  Ϊ¯Ϊ
Ȼ۽ۣʵһƷĳɳǱޣƷǼˡŶƷܺȡߵƷǰʹüޡЧǿ֡
ô˵أֵʮģճεķƷǵĳɳǱϣֻҪúãƷķἫﵽԭƷеȻҪȥŬˡԽǸ߼ķѶȾԽһƷԺ׵ƷΪֻһɷơƷʮɷƣҪǳѡ
ĺôڼףΪҪͨ飬ܹơĸƷķ϶ܹͨ飬ֻҪܹͨ飬һͨ鱦
ƲһµѧʣһʮӦ˸Ե汾Դ֮һƵ鱦ͨͨ
ƣҲѧʵģ˵㶮ƣܹƣʵϣô׵ġ֮ͨ󣬰ѿһˣڵĵɷƾΪɷԽԽȫΪԽߣʵԽǿʱͨ鱦ܹ˵İ£һΣȻ˲ϣ鱦ơͨ鱦ͨ죬˼ˡ
˵ͩ˿еıֻһĳΣȻȥȫ׵ĵɷƣʵָʣЩûмֻͩǳڣ¡
ͩչذ꣬ǳ˹ء
𣿡ͩ߳ң
ǡɴڶҩʳ׼Ϊ֮áͩϽϵĹӳ˳
үڳ˰أҪҪϴһΪ׼Ƹ㡣Ůװ˵
áͩӦһȪԡȥ

Ȫԡ֮УͩУʳͬʱҲ顣
һ̺ͩϴԡһ㱨Ρ
˵ʲô鶼ûзͩΪظ
ǵģүش
ͩ˳˼֮У漴ʵķΪڵ̬ǴڱǰأѾˣ
̫ˣǸܹӴĲ棬үΪʲôԴ¸Ȥأֵʵ
ǶؾظȤʦֶʾȻ൱ӡͩȷʵؾأԺҪӴԴıҲҪԴͩòڿ˼Դ
ҲգûҲãȵ˱ǷʲôҲ㹻Աͩҡҡͷʵҵĺλ𣿻У׼Ĵôˣ
ѾöȰ֮õĴʣ㹻Ǳް겻оǸҩԼҩҲ˲٣׼ԺԼҩүĵط㿴̽Զøɾʯ̨ϣһӰʾߡ
֮һͼ˳
ү뿴ɳĮĮϱռؼ㣬ֱǰ۹½ͨʹ۹½ʮ߸֮ϵֻͨӡܵ
ͩϸ˿ŵͼһŴ½ӵͼŵͼôϸҲֳ½״͹ģ
½һ䣬ֻռ˴½İٷ֮һǰڵʮ߸Լ۹ڡ
ɳĮðѸ۹ֿĮԶ۹ĮǸڣƬĸر
ĮԴѷڴ½еġĵشɳĮɳЩɳɱ˺ãɱ谭ʿ֮·ɱɱǿûȥˣΣûкôɵӲǱꡣ
ɳĮǲǾĸλʺϣҵ𣿡ͩ˵ͷʵ
£үıǣȥһɳĮȷޱȵĻĴУҲ̫룬ΪĮ֮еɳɳҲΪѲָŵͼָ˼λ˵
ҲգǾͳȥɳĮͩ˵

ڶһ磬ͩ뿪˶ر˶ţͨɳǵĴӽɳĮһС
뿪˷УԦŴģ;ֱ򳯶߷ȥ
죬ſޱ޼ʵĴɳĮȥƬֻһɫţɳĮıԵشָͩһ㣬ָһ򣬴ɳĮ֮С
죬ͩѡһƽ̹СеĹȵأΧĴǸʵɳ
ǱᦣţᦼԼϢһҶֵʱͰǵϢɳ޻˷֡һǿ٣ԼУռģһһ׼ռûӦҲЩòŶԡͩԷһ
үõģһƷ߸ɳ֣ҿԲؽɳ֮ڡһЦ
ͩʼǸƷʯ֮ͩ࣬ʮżƷʯ
үǸʲôֵʵ
£ⷨΪҪʮҵķֻһ̥ҪɣûǸֻΪ¯գ׼ӹ̣ٷᴿͩؽ͵
ڶȴǲһ𺳣ǵһ˵ԭ߿Ϊ¯գ׼ӹ̣ٷᴿֶΣֱ˼ޱȵǿ
ҲֻµʥܴĽʹ÷޽ӽ鱦ĴڡԶʥޱǻ۵Ľᾧ
ͩҹڲɣ漴㽫̥˳
ͬʱָе˳ת֮С漴˳󷨡
һʱһƬͻȻɫ֣޹⣬ٿʼۼ
˴ŰСʱٵĵһ׽£ͬʱ׽ٽӴһ˲䣬תλϵķô̥ķӡͶ֮УʮŴСı֮ڡ׵Ķʹ£̥ڡ
̳˰죬Ǵִףÿһɱһʥ򣬼ǰ񱻴Ҳ䡣
ԹидǹľˡҲԺޱȵؿͩ޵ĳݡ
Өţڷ֮


117  ȡԴ
ͩ󷨣һơ׽Ƴɹ֮ͣ׳󡣽ţٵ󣬾ڴʱ£Ƿ֮𣬱Դ֮棬ķŭصŭ
ͩϽͶʣµϣǧֿռᾧʮǳ֮ˡС硣
ò˵Ӷῼǵ൱ܵӡõƷռָЩҲתһķӡ֮УֻͩҪѺӽȥӡȻٻȻĲϾͻֳһһ뱦֮ڡ
Ķ֮£Ʒı˱ʱ׿ʼͩƴƣһƳ͡һɣ鱦ܹ֮Ϊͨ鱦ˣƳͣѾܲΪ鱦ˣӦñ֮Ϊɱ
ֹ˰죬׵ػĲ֮ͣ£ȻʣԭϾ߱ʮƿʼݻںϣڱԷؿʼ·Щ·ޱȵ£֮ƣ·ʵ鱦ϵ·ž˵֮ķѧ·ѧɴݻġڱ仯ԭɫҲڱ仯ӰΡ
罵٣ַǷ֮磬汾ԴĺԴһʿԪΪԼ
硢ס֮˴ϣھصһޱȵƷ

Զǧ֮⣬ʮθεĹǲڻĮɳ֮Уû¶˿ۼ
ԾɳĮ֮еɳɳƺڷʲôһ㡣һһƴСıǣһ߲鿴һ˵
ЩʺɳޣǵʲôʱɣӦÿǵģ۲Щɳɳ޵Ұһ˵ҪһЩĹ˵
Ϊǲ𣬿Ŀ겻֣ʲô취ѵǻܳУǿлɱĿ겻ɣ
Ŷ˹ڿЦɱУ㲻һأһǱ཮һ൱ðյˣ㻹ɱС浱ǿ𣿡һĿ˵
ˣҪˣȻǷ磬ǳɹǱ˽ѾˣҪٶ¶ˣ¶ūͳ棬ֻҪžˡһԸԵóһЩ˿ڵ
٣ˣؾҲвٺöģǾͲа𣿡ߵ
ߣûϢһСһСʲôϡģǰˣʲô㣬һεĿɲɵǵĿ겻ɱһЩͨʿﻹЩ̰࿪򿪰ɣػĿġ˹￪ڵ
⴦ɳ˳ţΪͩڵĵطʵ̫ңԶˣûзٵ

֮ƣᣡͩһδ˵ơһӾͽȡ汾Դ֮Ϊơ
ͩЦˣһжǳ˳ƣӦ㱦˿̱֮еķȻ֮СͬʱͩҲʣµʮҲ˱֮УֻƵĳ൱̣ʣµʮƣֻһӣΪպƱƣܴһѡ
٣Ҫˣʮձļװ汾˳ڱ׳͵һɲǣһռѺۺȻˡ
ͩЦˣһˣȡԴΪ˼ǰաƶɵķڳ֮ʱȻȡһԴΪãȡȻǿռ䱾Դ
൱ڴıԴ֮ڣһֺˮԺǿռ䱾Դһֻɵˣգռ䣬Ρ
ڴʱⷢˣһѺ֮Уһռ䱾Դ˳뱦֮⣬һؾ汾Դռ֮˳һ˱֮У˱֮ڡ
âƿʼݻֱâȫس͡
ͩһУɴС̽ͩС
ͬʱһصϢɱͩԺ֮УͩҪϸ鿴ϢݣȴһϢһƬģʲôҲ
ߣǸϽȥͩûȥ׷ккۼ뿪˴˵ء
˼ʱ䣬ֻͩصɳǵĶ
رնŵӣҪչһʱ䡣ͩ˵Ȼͼæ
ֻһˣǾȫںϣ֮ǰƱ̥ʱѾһʱգ뱦ĺĿƱ˳ںϣҪȫںϡ
ȫںϲѣΪͩԭѾǴ˱ˡֻ˰£ȫڣͬʱҲںϡ
ֱһ֮ͩȫһе㡣
ͩ㷢ˣֱ֪õҶʰ䱦ȵͩȫɱ֮󣬲˳е
ǲǹǿž¶ҪءͩЦ
ҲµòǱԴᾧ̺֮ܣ֮ʲô˶֮ǸǺ֮ҪҲûʲô˼ˡȻΪǿͨ˫ȤĻҲܼ˶֮ĳ֮󣬽ø졣䱦˵
һԵɡͩ˵˴˿۵ģ˵±ǡ
Ϣ˵ˣ˵Ϣˣ̺֮أպʱɵ٣ȻΪֲɲ·һԣΪ˶٣ԺҪеٷˡ䱦˵ԸѹΪúþӪҲܹԪ֮ǰ㹻˳ɹ١
٣Цˣ֮ҵԴҵıһƣұܹٲ𣡡ͩδ飬ɣ㹻ĵ
ͩͶ뱦֮У֮Ǭݻţʮǳ֮ѾΪƵһ֣ͩ˿̷㣬ȫ߶˱ܹͩͨٲܣҲ㹻ˣ
ͩгˣϢȥ˿˯ڴϣ˯㡣
ͩɵߡ
үˣôˣͩչ˶ã˷˶ã˯ûá˭ǹɿ񱩶ֻص֮󶼻ô𺳵ġ˷ΪڼʶֶͩˣΪ¯ΪֶΣͩռ˳ǰ;ֱ޵ġ
һ˳Ļһ֮ǾͿ԰ˡͩҲޱȵؿġ


118  
ңɻˣѵҪ뿪ˣ
Ǻǣ㻹֪ƵԳɶ죬С磬ɶգӰΡͩ԰˵
Ҳ˵Ժ󼴱Ƿ糬ˣҲ޷ɱˣɵóͩе˼
ǳȷ˴˱ֻҪžʥҲû취ǽɹ˿أоݣպ·κΣնܷ׻ͩЦеػشЩ˵еܹѹ˵˵ɣ
Ҫңүǳϲͩáǡ֣֤ͩʼԼһˡʵһֱһǾǺ֮ͩĶΪˣһֻûʧĸо
Сͩȥϵȥ
֮ʮ죬ͩһֱڴϣͨ˫ޣͩһֱޡ桱ߵ״̬ȥűϵƣЩɣԳͼ¼ʵ̫ˡͩϰ֮ʱȴǷЩͼ¼֮ƺŷ֮أеͼ¼ȫ
ͩΪȫݼأⱦǳ֮ˣҪʮǧֻ֮ͩʮţԶˡȻϵЩݻķƶȫá
Զ֮һ˵ƣ;˫˵׽ƲԶ֮֮ĵĻܡκηƣҪƣȻЩƻݷߵˮ׼ԼʱȶأݻͨвͬҲǴСһ֮еһеÿһĳʼ״̬Ȼٸݷ˵ļǱأչıв֮ͬ˵ˣͬһƵķһģһͬӵͬһԺı᲻һÿ˶ÿһ˵ĵǲҪɵġͩһʼƵı˲֮ͬǿűԴͻȻ룬ͩıһʼڲͬ
ˡ
汾Դռ䣬κ˶޷Ӵֻгʱ汾Դͻʹӵ޾
һЩɱ֮ʱͻȡԴ֮ͩƵҲǳãѡĵطöӦ˱Դռ֮еһűԴ飬ȡԴʱ򣬱ȡ˳
ͺƱһͩһнˣĽġ
ȣͩһһΪն˿̽𵤱ĥһΣҲõһСϴڲʽݻɹ
ͩµҲһͬն
үʵ̫ˣǲӦóƱأϢ˵˫֮ʱѭϴ񣬼ܹά桱һ棬ӷΪҪǣ˴֮䣬Ҳһһ
̫֮Ҳ̫ѸˡռʿҲüʮǰһѼʱվżȻʣһǧʱͻռȣʵϣ󲿷˵ռ֮ǱϾͺľˣûҲѵǰһҪ֪ͩˣڷܹ뷿ֵ֮ͬʱΪҲˢˢǣ󲿷ռʿƵɱ
ͩڿԣ˫˴˹ڵΪȵΪ֮ͩ˫˵ߣҴȥط
˵գͩӰһͬʧڴϣ˿ͳʲôҲû¡
һƬԴɽˮлвݣ棬ˡ
⣬ֶ֮𣿡ʵ
ûдǱеֶ졣ţٿͩһԭεպʹʧˣվܹһгϤϢңϤĴ齣˻֮µĺۼҲɼ
ұҰԱ仯ԱͬҰҲԱ΢ۺͺҰ˵ˣǷŴͷС
ЩۼʱҲߵͩдУүʹȻҪ˼Ҹ˫һ¡
ͩЦкȻͬ죬˵ֻɽӣǿ߻ܹǵĴڡֻ֮žҲҵǵټˡ
һЦ˵ǲ˵ԺֻҪڱ֮㹻ĿĻһֱǱ޲
ˣҪľ׼һıȻᵽ֮ҲһʵסͩЦ
ͽɡ˵
ãͽˣҲʱעһؾصĽչˡͩ˵ǰûбǮˮ㣬˱ǮȻҪһʡ
ǣ˷ֿж£ͩܵӶᣬȥָս顣
ҲʮֺˬشӦ˺һʱͩӶᣬһߴ̽ؾصϢһָ£սֻͩʵ̫֮󣬱ͩѾѷɫʥ򼶱ľӢȴǲ̫Զˡ
ʱ䣬ͩоŴᣬһļܼر漼ͩȤԭһֱڳƽ⣬񽣷еĸС̯λϣ˲ϰپĹŴᡣ
֣֮ͩϰپľᣬÿһļܷʽһͩΣֻҪȥҲɴֱ࣬˵ʦ֪Ҫռܷʽһһȥƽ⣬ǻǲܵġʵϣƽЩѷӦķǿƽ⡣óžʾһ㿴
ͩҲЩᣬ󷽵һٶų
ӴȣСӵǹ黬ģҪҰôľᣬЦ
ˣ𣡡һ
ͩȻоԼһռ֮У⴦ռųȵĻ棬ͩ˱Ƭռѹƣǿܹжȴ޷ԪֻеһԪĻ֮»ܹԪڻָԪת
һٶžḡն𣬱һŻΧ˺һƬĿռʧˡ
ķ򰡡ͩ̾ͩˣԭ᲻ǲǿд򿪣輫̷ӶţӶصľӢķѾﵽԽͨż
ǺǣʵֻǶʥµʿѹƺ͹ãͬʿǰޣĻǷĸԼߵ͡ЦȥɣЩᵱУмҲⲻӡѾͨɱȣֵȻҪϼ֣Ҫ֪ĹŴᣬһ㶼ǰͨӡɵģгԽͨӡľƷ
Ȼʦִ򿪵ģһɣлһЩʦõĶءͩҲ󷽣ʵЩصķͩͩЩֻҪоһ£Ȥѡ


119  ı
ʦּȻϲҾͰ⼸žʦְɡͩѵ˵
Ǻǣ㵹Ǵ󷽣Щû̫ˣԺٻ֮ܲŻףֻ÷Ǹ似Դ͵ûͩ͵ľᣬͩĺøҲ˼֡
Ŷͩͷʾˣͩڵľ绹̫ͣ޷ᵽ˵֮֡⣬ľ硣ͩϡЩᣬΪѾиõˡ
ףһͷžᣬ֮ȳ
ͩҲڲ鿴ᣬͩñȽȷʵһЩ似ͩ۽󿪡
ٶֿ˼֣Ҵһٶž֮Уѡʮžᡣ
ôˣʦ֣ͩʵ
ԼɡɫذʮžӸͩ
ͩõһƣɫҲ
ԭʮžᣬصһģһǼصĲķ似Լĵ֮ģһģԷֱ棬ȴָѰͼ
һһŰͩǰͩĵһӦǷˡʮŰǰʱ򣬾ԵЩˡ
ȻһؾͼҿָӦþ⸽˵ֵ÷зؾرͼ˵űͼʮŻ᲻Ҳһģһأ
ЩҴ񽣷еģűĲرͼֵʱͳ϶ǳķϣӦ߳ɿһģһġͩ˵ٷ֮١
Ȼһı˵
ΪʲôҪһıҲûбҪŪôݰɣ׾ʹġͩ˵
˻˵ǻ̰޵ģңõŵͼ֮󣬶ȥһ̽˵
ͩò仰ȷԣͩԼҲʮֶģţȥ˹ֵ࣬Ļ壬Ҳȥһơո˵ҲԱΪ̰
Ϊ⴦滹ǼأͩյľǱص٣ı壬ı壬ҲԼġñģû˼ˡ
أȥΪǴǰ档ЦЦһŲرͼ˵лͼлԵõһһݡ
ǺǣСҿɾ͵ʦֵһඡСܵǶԴµĽչ൱ȤʦʲôϢҪ֪ͨСһŶͩЩ뿪Ӷᣬص˶

ûлֻͩŲرͼԼоһ£ϸоͩһ⣬ǾűͼʵǷֳɼֵģǽͼϳһѹֿģ
ͩЦˣѹⶼһˣûʲôҪЩͼŻҲıͼзͲô׵顣
ͩûǸȥŪһ룬ͩ׽ǲҪŵͼȥñȥ⿪
⵹һ⣬Ʊ޸ͭǮеľʯ϶˳ȥСǮ
ǲ֪üرͼһˣҲӦÿҪƽˡ
ͩıŴ£һƵĺûᰡܴرͼǿǻ۲
ʱ֣ˡ
ңͿͩڴϣƺڳ˼ʲô
үˡкͬʱҲ˳ȹүʲôȥ
żҪһ¡ͩ漴Ѳرͼһ˵ȻּԼ뷨жٿԣ
Ϊ·̫ˣԽرͼϸУЩҪðյġǲԼƽŲرͼΪҡҡͷ˵
ͩҡҡͷشŲرͼǼٻδ֪ǼٵģǲͰæĻһǱµ壬Ҳһܹеõô鱬֮ǰѱͼȥʮһŵͼԼһţʮţҲõ磬ɢΧʮȥǼٵģҲǰһˡͩڵˡ
ǲүа𣿡֪²ѣѵľºȫ
ǰһ治ôͩŵЦЦ
ðɣ£Ҫӳ顣̾˿ͩ˾ֻܳıߣΣսˡ
Ҫ֪ľתԪҪķѵԴǱ˵İٱǧøƷʯѾоˣ˫ҲôԺô죿ͩյ˵
ͬУܲԺʲôҲһֱڴ˫ްɣԼҲҪǮռƺˮ޽Ĳϡ
ˣȥһˣˣͩ˵
ǺǣѾˡóһŴָ˵
ͩһȻһڡ
ųưɡͩ˵һСƽԭΡ
漴ӽָзųһ
ռǧĶУ̨ͤ¥󴦴ɼƲۼ
ǲ̫һ㣬סòŰɣһǱȽϲĵĸ¥Сͩڵ
׼ͩһСԱߣִӽָȡһݣһݣռزʮĶʩȫͱĶֲֻ࣬Ƕ鷿ͼԷ˼ҡ
ʲôͩΪ˵
ǺǣԺöˣȻҪ׼ԺүԺ˼ۻʰܡػش޼ﻹԼǬ֮֮⣬ߴ¯֮ˣͩкôҲ벻ĺô֪ԼݣǲܳΪͩƵ£Ϊ˲ʧ裬ͩȥңԼޡ
ȻҲ֪ͩûа˶Ҳ̫Ҫ顣
ͩˣһ壬֪˵ʲôˡ
үٽһܹһȪүԺԺҲ㹻ĵػáطôڸһҩ԰԰ҩҲЩֲһЩޣʳȡáһж滮ˡ
ͩЩпҺһŮˣЩν׵ĶҪԼȥޣ»ᷳ
漴˿ʼƴ¡ͩȰѷС˹Ƕ߼һݵʳݵ÷ݣҪ׷֡ǷˣҲûа취˵Ŀ
ͩ±˿ݣ±˿Ŀ


120  ɢͼ
СеݵҲģΪݵһֻҩʦƣСƲģҩʦйϵܹ򵽴Ա˵ݵ
ͺͩһЩʦĹϵܹƷƷҲòˡ
ݵƷҩͩͨԼӶﹺ򣬲̫ҡһЩ
ͩӷСתֶݵ׵öˣݵÿһžܹһʱǲܻ˿ģͬκòһݣͺһһ㣬Ҳ䱾ĿΪЧ棬Գʱݡ
漴ִͩӶĹռó׳кϡ
׼֮ͩ뿪ɳǣĵһĿǻ
һаǻҵУһеҵ̶Ѿﵽ˻ĵ۶
ľɳ̶ҲǱɳѷɫһЩѡ
ͩڳǰͷʳݵҲûеľƵסֱ˷ᡣ
ԶǿͩﱾҲҪݣɢͼֲ̫þ͵õʮᣬСһЩá
ͩݳһˣڳռΪҲûΪ˷ᡣ
ḺͽӴĹ£ԽӼͩ
λͣãշ硣Цек
ԭǷ£ҪһЩţʵҲֱϸᡣͩк
Ŷʲôʵ
ؾرͼͩ˵˳
ˣɫһ˵Ե棿
ͩЦóرͼݸ˷£ŵ˵¿в鿴µı£Ҳα첻
õһƣʱ۾ɳˣľӪžűƽģԶҲϹʱ֡óһ׾ܵʼϸһϸļͼ˿Կ϶ͼȷʵģڲرͼļֵͺ˵ˡ
֪µϼǶأʵ
ٿżƷʯͩش
̫ˣҪ֪еؾûж౦أеǿձҡҡͷʮżƷʯ
һٰʮżƷʯرͼģؾȻе٣еȴղطḻԲֻһٰʮżƷʯܹ˵ġֵİٱǧ򱶡ͩ۵
ʮżƷʯ߼ˡ
һʮżƷʯԲͩЦ˵
ʮţͱеĳֻһ۵
һٶʮţͼˣҪȻԸˣΪºúŪҪҪһ仰ͩɫ˵
һٿšһ
һٶʮˡͩҡҡͷ˵
ҧҧͷӦãһٶʮһٶʮҪ֤
дʲô֤һֽǮһֽ»ŵùеͩɲɵ֤ҪŪãͻᱩ¶ݣǱ¶һЩ˿
ҲգԵƬ̣ĳȥþʯȥҧӦ
áͩͷӦͩĻﱻڳԺڣϾģڳԺڵĻǷҲΪһˡ

᳤һԸؾرͼˣҪҪ¾Լ֪ͨһ档
ĸλ̻Ļ᳤ʵֻ̻һѡ
һٶʮżƷʯ»ش
¡º˸ŴˣƴʲôͷҪһٶʮżƷʯѣֵáһ⣬ǵ̫󡣡̻Ļ᳤˵̻עص棬ֻҪͼûбҪˡ
ǣӦ漴ȥһٶʮżƷʯһֽǮһֽ
¡졣ͩõǮ˵شЦ
ͩ˾ʯ뿪У漴ӿ˶Ĵ̳ǡ
ôб˴ϱ𣿡ͩصʵ
ûУƺԷ١䱦ʵػش
⵹ûʲôֻҪûб˴ϱǣʹԷ׼ڳԺڡͩЦ˵
ͩ׵ر仯λãȻ𽥸ıò漴ʧ˺ˡ
֮Ҳû⣬Ҳͻȥˡ
ַͩʽ˳ڸó׳֮УɢرͼǰżУǳعأûб˴Ͼӡ֮ĸٱǣмٵ˶ûɳ
ͩȻ֣Լǲ̫һЩ
˵ʮУͩһʮżƷʯļ۸˳ȥһ䱦ԤСĵ㣬Ѿˡ
ͩԭΪоˣ벻֦ڣԱһǰľżУͩò̾һʮСȣ̼ұֳǾȫһȱ̰
òԱ䣬Ǿӡⶫһ൱Ķһܹ˴ϾӡǵģҲʥ򼶱ĸ֡￴óȻдӦӵеʵʥʿͨʥʿҲܹͩǵġҲͩռʿԿһռĸ֣ʥ򼶱ĴڣǾǺ޻֮
ʥʿϵľӡǣԱ֤ںܳһʱڣܱӡ˸֪ŷһ൱Σֲֿ¡
ͩЩһеĴеʱ򣬾׼ͩҲģڳҪ̫ġ
ͩҲûɵ˼ҵĵͷ̫ͣãԣͩһʱͨ뿪δͺͩ˻ĵ۶漴һƵס˽ȥȻ
ռ䣬ͩסѡϲĿռ䣬ʵϣռ䣬вͬͨЧá
Ϊֻһķͨǲȱȫġͨǡݡͨ͡ҲǿͨݡҪˡ򡱣һ൱õͨԽ˵ķﵽѹƶʵãʵ֮Ҳûоͱѹʥ򼶱ЩͨЧá
ţνͨʵִ˵ķͼɽݻԼΪ֮ݻǿ
ͩƣϾǿѭϵͳͩ㱦һռݻʵľסռ䣬һݻ̫֣ȵı硣һ̫ݻĻռ䡣
ռֲΪͩܰѿռıͷųһͨݻ֮ǿнȻƾ豦ѹر


121  ȸ
ͩһռ䣬̫ռ䣬Ϊˣ̫Ȼ˺˵˼飬ʵϱ飬ͩı̫ȻҲ൱ͩıȻ˺ˡͩ˵Ŀģ̫вͩһкۼζƤмǾӡǣ̫ⲿڲ
׵ر㽫кۼɨˣ䱦ʶȷϰȫ֮ͩŵռ䣬ϴ軻·´һ˱˷䣬˿ջһòʧ١
ԶһλʥǿߣΪȵؽһף漴ҡҡͷˣԸȥԱͼ˵ж͵ȡͼѾˣǸСආνˣ˵Ѿˡ
λʥǿ߿ɲһռܹƽľӡǣ϶и˴ڡ
ԭΪҪǿġݡܴɢͼһСƵļƻڿ̫͹Щĵ̺ˡ
ĻҲѹ˸¡аѲرͼˣҪΪЩУ󲿷ֻ൱ġϸҲˣϾ׬ľǳɣеĹءеģʲôıûмһͺڳԺڣԶܳΪС
ͩҵĶǶУǻ൱صģȻѾˣǾͿˡǲǼٵģǮ֮󣬾ǼٵģҲֵܹͷϣԼģû򵽼ٻԼãЩй档
ͩʹڣҵУǵĴ͵̣й棬ҼЩ͵̿ɾ˵ˡ
ۣͩصɳǵĶһ´еջ񣬸оǳͩջһǧİöƷʯһʾ޿ҵĻһżƷʯ͵һң
ӿɷˡͩЦʲƸ̫ʱˣʱء
üƷʯĺôǼƷָٶǸƷʯǧ֮࣬Ҳ˵ͩվʯ֮еľʱ򣬾ʯҲڲͩڵٶȣһżƷʯ㹻ͩշʽͣϲŻᱻĴ
Ȼͩɵô˷ѣԣͩʮżƷʯÿһһ£ֻʹãõıշʽҲܹѭãøʮ겻⡣
һ̵ʹ죡ռüƷʯҲȷʵ̫ݳˡ˼ռҲƷʯ㹻ˣñ׼ʯء
Ҳݳ޵˼ƷʯּҵĴС㣬Ҳݳ޵ϼƷʯڣҲΪߵ̫ʦпüƷʯճƷ
Ȼÿٶǲһġ
ռʱʮżƷʯܹ϶ʮ꣬ռǾͲһˡ
ͩٶȴǲҪɵˡͩռȥ⣬ʱƽ֮Уֹȥһ¡

ھɳĮһС֮⣬һ۵ĹѨĹѨ֮еһضһģŴʿ꣬һźͩĲرͼһģһĵͼ
ʮŵͼѾжʮſˣƻѾʼˣϣܹƽķӡҲܽȥȡȵűϧ伮Ѿʧ̫ˣҲò̰Ҵ򿪷ˡʿҡҡͷ̾ĺ·͵شܳһβͣͣذڶš

ɳĮ֮Уõʮ֣ȵöЩͷˣϵǱߵİЧʻ֮¡
⣬⻹Ҫȶðһͷ߶
죬ٷϻҾͷ㡣֮УǿĶӳ¿ھ
ԴһȻҿˡ
Ѿƽ˵ͼܣֻͼֵֻ̫֮ǣƣԲûжֻǱǰ̰಻͵סؾصջ󡣡µ˵ܹڿһ֮УΪǰ׺ģ޵ľӢţ

ͩشڶȴЩĶĵ׼һֻˮСȸ
û취Ҫȸ̫࣬вͩʮٱǰˣֻܹͩĵظں棬ˡʵҲûпѾŪһǧİٶżƷʯ׬һʡ
ͩ˿ҲżԼҶȪ
үһѧĲʽ̺ͩ΢ͩܵһүܹܵж
ͩԽԽﶼӸؾͼͩɣÿ˫ȻһҲûе
һ£ͩΪȻͻһξġ
ͩҲżоʮʱ䣬һǧİٶżƷʯؾǼٵģͩҲЩԴ㹻ͩռˡ
ͩҲףռ֮ҪлӶܲȥѵˣԺɵӣҪܾԺȥˣͩرϧɢңӡ
ȻӶܲͩһҪȥģϾӵеԴͩս裬Լ衣
ڶΪбᦴڣǱŴͳ˽⣬ʱǳŽͩаʵҲ֪ͩĥԼͩҲȷʵ֮ģԡ
ͼֽôˣͩʵһһÿӼĲʽһڳ£ζǳͩɵö˼ڡ
ѾҪɹˡشЩֵ˼Ҳˣȷ˼ǣȵűڷؾ֮Уöߣ֮ء
ôţͩΪֲм˵ҪôǿҲױݻ٣ռ½ˡ
ܹ֮Ϊűǿ϶һ൱ǿıǵļƻ¾ˡҲȪһͩĦһ߷
صģѾ׬һʣܹѰȺ֮еĻǱΪһҪ²Υǲ˱ǡͩ˵һְӱǰ棬´һǹһͱɵؽڣȪϣΡ
㻵ͻȻ͵ϮЩӡûҶӦһǰ趯֫
Ҷ뵱ȸʵͼĽͳɹҲɳ˲̽ȥ̽鱦ȷλá


122  ؾ
ʱȥˣ׺ɣͼϵλÿͲȫĵòˣҪҵȷλôסңҲҴĵضֻ֣͵͵ȥ¡ҲΪҪ˶ĿŻ˻Ϊ˶ɣǵͩʮͬĵͼɢȥ֮󣬴ҶԼͬ˶Ŀңҵһ࣬ȻЧʴ
ܿأһЩ̸ţҳǰһŴ½ͼŵͼǳرעɳĮںܶǰ˻෴ںܶǰһطԷĵ½вΪ෢Ĺ̫Ѹ٣ԺܿˡǴ½Եشűһǿ֮ľսһս֮£γɳĮ
ʼģ̽ɳĮǲ׺ɣȷ˴λãɳĮʵ̫ˣҪҵ̸ף
Щ壬Ҳֻãײһؾڷؾ֮ǵūͲŷؾرͼĴڣһϵеõļƻȴû뵽ʱ̫ãرͼ˳ҪݱͼҵĿĵҲһ൱ѵ飬ټ˶ĿԲŻķһʱҲûн
ʿǧϵԪһʱʵЩʥ򼶱𡢰񼶱ԪΪλһֻǴʱѡ

ͩҲпǵһ㣬ؼʱϵԽãͩķԽϸһܹ꣬ͩռǿߵݽؾջ
һһڹȥˣһϣͩ˹ȥԡϴһӣԸһƸСȥǲˣƶԷСãУżƷʯ⼸ʮŸƷʯȥתԪһغ͵ڶء
үǲǡЩ⣬Ϊһ൱ľ޿ҲͰˣѾͻƵնˣûˣҲ˰ɡ⾧ʯ͹ȥǼʲôʱ˿õˣʯҲˣҲȱ㾧ʯǴɾеǸˡ
ĳѲ࣬رϧλʱĺѣҪ¡ţҲգתԪϰ»иãЩžȥɡͩǵʲôϸһǣ˾תԪǺ˷СһЩϹŴеؼķˡ
ͩЩоһ鲢ڸߵݴУЩȫ͸Сɡ
ǣүӦ񼶹ҵܣԲ⴫͵Ҳûʲô
磬̺ͩһҵ緹ʹ³ˡ
ͩҲɳӶĹѯЩɳǵš
һСʱֱյСѶͣĶ
ϴʲô˼ڿξˣԺǾ;Сŭ˵ͽͨ
ͩһһ㶵ģȵ֮ʵ㵽׺ͷС˵ʲôͻȻҷ𡣡
ʱоίֺ£ͩһǾŭ𣬺ֲܿġڵͩʹıԵˡ
ʲôҲû˵ֻҰѶʱ򣬾ͼɫԾ漴Ӧ˹͵үûдû˵ɳѺһ㣬ԣԷһʩᡣѲģҲһʿһڳɳĺֵҩʦҪ˵ʩᣬرѵʩᡣ
ͩ⻰󣬶ʱԼȷʵԣλ˼һҪõʩظԼһʲƸԼҲ᲻ˡ෴һİʩԼһֽ𣬲հײգ˾ʧ٣ıΣ
˵öԣСԼĵ·ҲӦȥ档ͩͷӦԲ𣬴㡣
Ҫüһ䣬ĵӦ
ߣϢȥҪԶͩգգ۾˵
Ҫˣ˼Ҫ̸ͩӵɫ˵
ʲôôҪѵ𣿡ͩûǿֵʵ
ؾѾˡ˵
ʲôô֪ģͩȵʵ
һӶӶϢ֪ˡҲ˵ģƺֵ൱󡣡ڻش
ӶϢӶҪһ飬ϢɶУɱ˶УӻңһЩײӶ˻ĵطͩϲȥǸ飬̫ˡ
ͩĻҪѹ黻ӶϢʱ򣬹ŰҲ˳ܵҲ൱ϸԭ콣ŵһϸ¶ݣɳ׷ɱ
ϸ·ӣֱɳĮһ׷һ֮£ϸˣûܵΧˣƴʱײؾڣϸǰһݣͰϢӶϢ
ˣԭǲܣһӹˡɳǵʿð߶׷׷
٣̤Ьٴȫѹ򰡡ͩˣ֪Խ࣬Խ󣬻ˮĿԾԽߣͬʱҲΪ˶࣬ڻҾͶ࣬һ̽·ĹøЩȲҪһʿðǡ

ͩˣǱ߿ɾЩܻˡƣЩõرͼĸһڵҲ鹤Ҳ׷ˣЩҲͬơ
ϢŵӶŰˣﻹסɳǵŰ飬Щ϶ɳвҵֲϢȻ÷ǿ졣
ΧдС㳲ɳߵĴ󣬼ÿʱÿ̶ڳֶɳǣȻɳĮ
ͩҲʮͩɴɣڰ֮ڣͰеĴ˳ȥС׬һʡ
ͩ˦֮Ҳû˺֮ǣҲ̽ؾĴ󲿶֮УǰɳĮ̽Ϣ
ؾڴͩˡ
ϣʮʿƼд󲿷ǼϰʹؼʿΪ޷С
ڿУ׳ۣʮҾ޴սۣף̵ҲסЩս̬죬йŴͣҲпƻƬвŻֵĸɴЩսϵҲǶֶġ
żʮСͬ½ӣҶ˶飬ǰһš
Ī˲رͼĸΪǳǮϢȴ©ƫƫ©Ϣ֮йŭĶҲûС


123  ޹زɷԲ
ͩ˴̱֮㱻׳۵ĳˡǼʮսϵģͩϲȫȴҲʶһЩоͰɳǵţԼʮĻҺ͹塣
Ҳ˵Щս棬Ҳһλһһ;ۼ˼ʮλ½ӣֵþжˡ
ȻˣЩаĶ֮⣬ǵϵʮʿɳǡɢ޺С˼֮⣬ûǸܹõ׼ȷϢ
ƽʱѵһ߸ϵİʥǿߡͩҲ뵽ЩǿӦû᲻٣벻½Եشܹۼʮλ½ж٣ж٣ѹ֣Եǿˡ
үⳡҲ̫˰ɣҲǵһμʶôĳ棬мʮʥϰλ
ԽŻԽңõֵĺôŻԽࡣͩ˵ȻҲǵһξĴ棬ͩΪˣȻԶɢͼ֮ǰͩ׼ˣֻ޳иһЩ
Ҹеǣ󳬼ȻһҲûͩ̾ԼԸݹģӶ޹أӦвٳȴԸ˵žӢ
ǰѵǶﲻȤֵʵ
ʱ󳬼ջؾڻؾǶǵ˼©µģǹµġͩشͽΪʲô󳬼ﲻȤˡ
ҲԡͷӦ֮У֧Ķս󳬼֮С

˰죬ۿɳԽԽˣȥҲУԺˮڵ̫ϳϣˮԨվ˳ʶ
λǾһֱҲһ취޹زɷԲǼʮʩΪӡؾΪʶˮԨԿ˭ڳֻмʮλǿ߲⴫
ˮ˵ǣۼ˼ʮʿܰȫ߻ȫɱɡͬʶôĻµڶͻᱻ󳬼ˡ
ս⣬ҪԵ޹ɱʮ޹ʿǾ͵űͥץɣ
ֻ棬ǧƵ֮һܹ治ڲȾͲҡ
󳬼һϵеĹأͥռлþ
Щ߸ϣ˼ϵȨƺ͸󣬿ǸΥɣһҪͥץǸұȺɱκжأҪңʱԻκθ֮õġ
Щٿصū⣬κӵҵ񶼲رȺ
ϻ˭ңֻҪңؾؾͷΣˮԨܻؽӿڵ
λӿڵİ˵ˣаûȥ죬ãһ˶ɣȷʵǳеҲû
ˣȻǶˣ͸һԵΣ򿪷ӡн߶һķãѵǺͬʱ룬ǻЩС𣿡ˮԨں֮еļƷʯƷ֮µĶ˰ҪܹԼһЩսı
ţˮ⣬ͬ⡣ڶ񶼲Լͬͬȥ֮ջΣǾǸͨˡ
ãڳЭһʮ̤˷ۣǰ档
λǼϼһִ򿪷ӡûа׳ԵͣҪȥҪôھͽȥǾҪôȵҵȴ򿪷ӡ֮󣬰Ϊշѽ롣ϰһű׼ʯؼһٿű׼ʯռһٿƷʯռһǧŸƷʯʥ򼶵һǧżƷʯ
ͩ⻰һһҡΪʥ򼶱Ľȥһξͼ൱ͩȫˡͩΪԼƶΪԼռģһٿƷʯëëѡ
Ǹ֪ڣӵкǿķӡڣȷĳӡֻǿƿ
λ˿ʮĸҪǿƿӡһһ׷ʩչͨˣǱƷʱǿܲǿԩˡ
ͩҲͣͩҲȷǲǾͰȫˣΪͩ֡
ܿΧˣɳһƶɳûһӰ
ڲԶɳʮһˣޱȵƣֻɳǵٽĿ꣬û뵽һʮλϰλʥǵѹɾʹ˲١
ʲôбڴˣǵʲô°غߵֿԾ񼶱Ĺನʲô

ǣʮλ񣬷ֳɰԲΣΧŷֱֳϵ
񣬺Ϊ񣿾ǿѾȫ϶Ϊһֻ֮벽Կ򣬴Ӵӵ޾Ĵͨߡ
ʥӵзˣѾܹȫٿط򣬽֮һ𣬾Ͷ֮ͷ·һȫһ֮󣬷Ϊ֮ΪʱλǷĻܸǿ
֮󣬾ӵʮ򡢰Ԫʱ򣬰ͱ㿪ʼо򣬴ԼطÿһһλʦÿһܹһС
˼Ĵڡ
ʮλͬʱʹóһԶǧ֮⣬ͩҲܸܵǹĲη壬漴ͭǮʼֵ֣ͩסѹ
ѾʮλŬ֮ʶɢģûйԣͩܵˣ󲿷ռµʿѹſˣʮǱ
ţˮԨͻȻڡ
ʮλͬʱ۵ͷ˳ȥ
ʮĵͬʱ䵽˷֮ϣͻȻֳһʮŷ¶ķͼ¼Щͼ¼ڵֵʱЩͼ¼еĸٶȣɢ
ϵͼ¼ɢʮĵƳ˰ʮһͼ¼ͼ¼ٶȲسƽ
ʮšʮšʮš
еĹĥˣеĹڳͼ¼
ֱھʮŵʱһλĹձĥ
һɢЩѾ˷ͼ¼ʼһʮŷͼ¼ȫָȻʧ١


124  ֽ
ף˼Ϊܹ֮Ϊ壬¾ȻܱǿķӡȻ콣ڵ̫ϳ֮һ콣˸̾ǿһĽ
콣϶ĽϬĳ̫ϳϸ̾
£֮£Ѳıؿ϶Ѱؾɱȵġһλðž۵
ˮ޺ۺ콣˵˵ߣȻؾȵϿؾҪ
ԽؾĻֶξԽ࣬ҲöСģ˵һСľͻ﷭Ǹʱɾ͵òʧˡҴ˵
ûĸؾʱûв÷ֶεģԽؾֶξԽ
еؾ棬ȥпܻС
ˣҪϻˣôԽҴϵƲһˡ
Խ϶𣿡ҵĴŭ
ˣλҪٳˣⲻЩСǿЦ𣿡콣˿ڴ֮ľס
ڻô󷨽ǵ£ˡˮҴ˵
õôʦڵģͽ˰ɣô˵ҲǵĵͷĻҴڵ
ԣ˿Գ֣³֮ڵ棬Ҫȫռڵ̫ϳվ˳ش
Уһ롣˲ˡ
ƨǳֻܷһ룬Ǿɣֺ£Ҫ϶غߵ
ˣҪˣһʡˮԨվ˳ڵʲôؾĴͷ
ãһ;һ콣϶ǶְɡҴվ˳ʾͬ⡣漴ҲͬˣϾˮԨ˵ûһ㾧ʯʲôĴͷؾ棬νΪһСִݡ
˵λվ˳콣⣬˶зλһ򵥵оۺ󣬽ݽ콣ˡ
ʱرɫ޹⣬صתļ
콣ˣԦŷɽ˵һС
޴ĽӰֱֱش˷ϣķͼ¼һ֣һΣ޽ͼ¼ײʹͼ¼ø졣
һգۼ䣬ƾʮͼ¼Ϣ֮󣬱Ƶ˾ʮ˷ͼ¼һͼ¼ǵס˽Ӱ
콣콣һȣʩչط콣ʱΪһ齣һ޴Ľ֮УʼСһѹС
콣˽ָһȥǰĽͼཻ˲Ƶһͼ¼ƿ˷
һռڷƵͬʱͻأسɳϣŻ濴ȥֻܿâ䣬ڵ˿
ˣſάһʱ䣬һ֮󣬴žͻʧĳһλЩշǳ˽İϸһ˵
ʣµľɳӣڣʼվʯЩʿȥѰ
ӿշѿڣ˾ʯͳ˿ռš

үʲôʱȥӣؾӦòǼٵġʵ
żûЩûнȥȽȥģֻеڻҵķݣȿ˵ͩеľȣ񼶱ܣȻ춯أ
ţżˣ֪ʲôʱǲһ㣬أĽ˵
һģǽŶʮ꣬ʽŶʱ䣿һǼ򡢼ʮϵϹͩ˵ֻҪţҲܳΪ񡣡
󣬸ɳֽȥ̽Ҳ඼ˣڱЩɳ˺ݣʽؾؾѰ
߰ɣҲýȥˡͩڣƷʯ̤˿ռš
âһ˳һͭŵһ档ǰһ£һƬƬïܵɭ֡
ռ䣬൱ˣʮϡ
ԶԿԶߵһȺ䣬ͽ״ĹŹֽȺеĽȺѾеĻԭ
ʱʱؿɭдľ޴޺ȻƬռ䵱Уû֡
Сĵ㣬һЩϹޣҲ֪ʲôĳ̶ȣ˵г߼޼Ķޣʥ޺Ͱ񼶵ޡͩ˵
ͩɭ֣û֮ʣһͬͩű΢СȻ󻺻سȺȥ
һԴĿңƱҪͩڱռ䵱пƣӵӦ֣ܹӱĻԡ
һɴĻôռϢңԴƿռ䣬ɴҡ
е鷳ͩΪƵظ̾С˵ͩõı޵ﶢϣֻԽȺɣܵԽǿ
үصƺȻɣΪıġ˵
ţҿҲǡͩ˿ɳϣֳ˷ʶڿƱʣʶͷʾͬ⡣
ɹĵطܣǽŵ׺Ҳ⣬ͺȫʽȫϢͶӰ
ۣүҪŹˡһ꿪һֻһţ˿̹ϽǧҲǴǧˡ
ͩû°ֲռǹϵĹӵǿԲժɾͩҪȥժʱһͷ޴ţ޴ӹһ˳еز߽أǴ֮ܳȴûзκĿꡣ
ͩһֻţҲǶ޵ĲΣǿǲ
ؾȻΣմӴӣС
үҺȼ֮ǿıððȻش֮Σ̾˿ڵղ棬ûбڻǶ˾Ҫֻţ޸͵Ϯˡ
ǻҪСΪáͩҡҡͷ˵£޼֮еطһָԪҪӴԪ֤ǱøСܡ
Ҳ˲úʲôˣڱֻͩ˶ѣʲôϵȥ£ʪһͩļͦ¸ҵȥת޼ط˵Ԫڽ֮лˣͬʱΧʹͩԪָٶȼӿ˰ٱ


125  Сһ
ͩҲӴԪѱñ΢ҪСʮȻĵؽӽ䵽ϡ
ϧйڡͨûݻȫҲҪðˣֱڰ׿⣬ܹСҪӣáͨĶá
ַͩһһŵذýʲôأ̺ŷǳԪԪ̶ȲڼƷʯټϣԪʺգһų̺һͨĴؼʿתռʿǾƾնǧԪΪһֱռƷʯٶȻҪ죡
ӶĹ׵һĿϣһֵ׵ʮ
ͩһһͲɼǧš
ǷˣǵֱֻҪͻƾ磬ʡ˻ԪĹ̰
ţˣùҲǧˣؿһһŵʧҲ͵ӵĿꡣ
ͩʮûиϾɱȫߡ
һռӡӣӡ֮󣬲ŷŽ˿ռָС
Ǻǡү̫ˣĵ۾ЦˣӾľطͩ
ͩһ·ǰ˲ҩֲ꣬Ҳ˲ǿޣռ޶С˼ʥ򼶱ģӵޣҲֻʮֻֻˡ
һʥ޵ʱͩһΧͱˣ񱩵츳Ϯˡ
ҺãͩӦѸ٣ʱóˡݡͨաȻʮĲ˵ģֻҪգռ϶Ϊһʥ򼶵ȫʧȥĿꡣ
ֻµ˰ԴһԻɻ飬ת뿪ˡ
ͩųһ亹ʥ򼶵ްѾǻ۵࣬Сӡ
үǽʥ޵Ҫ𣿡ʵ
ţҿԿű֮жУֻٶȿ첻˶٣ӦĲСһ°ɡͩ˵
ڶ֮ǲյĻͿտռ֮ά״̬Ҫķ˵Ҫ֮ƶĻǿɾˣҪṩ㱦ƶ
ͩƶƶһҪĵԪƶʮġұƶٶֻʮÿСʱٶȣٶȣĻӾˡ
ͩʩչ޼ָԪ޶ȾǱʮÿСʱٶȡ
ͩմнķʱͶգû޵ʱУٶȡ

ͩ˳شе˰޵Ҳɭһε򡣴˿УѾаˡ׼ȷ˵ǣɱޣ޻Ǳ޾Ǳ֮еıҪ֮һ
ͩһ·ҲСһʲƣɼҩȻЩҩǹ±ͿҪֵͣȴǼռƣǳʺͩʹãҩ㹻õʥˡ
үȥĵطѰҩɣ̫Σˡеİ֣ನҲޱȡ
ҲáͩҲ֪̫Σˣתķȥ޾ǿǺö
ͩһȫĵطصԭռ䣬øϵӶᡣؾ֮УѶѾûа취ѶˣΪߴڲͬĿռλ棬ӶᷢŵĸȴܿռơԼߵˡ
ʦ֣𣿡ͩе
ʦܣʲô£ӦڷؾɣЦӯӯʵ
ʦӢҿյϢˣؾ֮УȻа޴ʦֿɸȤͩЦʵ
ţлʦܵϢæߵ£ʱơҲе㶯ģȻӶľӢţĲϣͨӶáǲҪɢ޵İһ㣬ҪԼƴȥＯ
ʲôɢ޵İ̫ϳϣǾɢްΪǱûɽû󳬼ϵ
ҪΪһжҪԼＯ˼䣬ڷ½½Եشϵ񣬵ܹǳＯҲ޵ģ޾ǰ޺ģҪԼȥɱ
˵Ųʮ죬ϰʹؼʿϣ൱زذ˵
Ҳ֪ؾȷʵ൱ΣաͩͷӦ漴ͩʲôѹڶϿĽȺͨʶ֮󣬴ʵʦ֣֪ЩԵĺ壿
ףǷ⽨ȺôƵıҲ鱦Ĵڡʦܣ湻˼ģϢҪӶᣬҲֵһ׵㡣һ鱦ǿǺöˬشЦ
鱦鱦ǾƷ֮ϵķֵͩʵԶ֮鱦Ƿ֮ϵķԶ֮УһʼûҲûģִУƷϵ߾ˣƷ֮ķ֮Ϊ鱦оеֵֹġ
ǵģûд鱦ǿڣ̻ıԶƷߵܺƷһĻԵԽΪ鱦һֱƶɵ鱦鱦ֻʦֽС֮ת鱦󲿷ֶԶش
ͩһ˽ҲؼؾӦһ͵ģ
ͩеƷ֣ͨ鱦㼶ǲȱɱֻͩڵľͷֻܹܣӲȵ֮ͩȻҲ
ͩеڴĹ鱦ͷ鱦һۺ൱ǿĲȱɱдơⲢͩ޼鱦õġ
ͩҲɭ֮תȺķͩЩָϵ֮ǰ̼ܲ鱦ûеõ鱦ҲҪ޵һЩԴ
ʵͩڵ̬ŵ÷ǳã鱦һҪõģҪķЩԴܹ鱦ô鱦ĲϿ϶٣öͩ˵ȱٵĲ鱦ϣﶼҪĲȥ޸ơ


126  Ϯɱ
ңͩеһɷһó˴ϣ˿޸䱦Ǯ⣬ܹԼ鱦Ȼһ鱦ƣǾԲ֮£ķƵʱ䲢ڿԴ죬鱦ϵķԵʱǱزٵġ
ͩٿ֮лУٶȣѾطϡȻͩΪܹ͸ռ䷨вǰϾ˼ǿĴڣǰԶҲ˽ܾôһϾͨռ䷨İͩҲǳΣյġ
ԣͩнٶȷǳרصıԵѡɱ޵ʱ򣬴صıԵشȥ
ͩҪĵľ൱޴ģͩһˣ޼Ǭ֮ʣͨ˫֮ͩǳǿ֧֣ͩ»治˷ʩչݡ֮ͨ
Ҳͩıһͨ鱦ͩڵΪҲԼ
ֹһ졣

ؾɳǵʿ߳϶ðգǽȥ죬͸˾޴ҪΪؾ֮еΣ޴ڣԽ˸߼޵ǿڸǵСϰսʿʹؼʿռİ˳ɣʣµɶռռʥ򼶶䡣
ҲΪʥ򼶵䣬ʹʿ侲Ǽþգ뿪ؾؾҲ֮ǰ֣м壬ſֻռʿշѣмʮλģ֮ǰջ̰Ĳ㣬Ҫһνеʿ⣬Щԭ׳ޱȵսҲʧӰ
ɳĮɳɳ̡
ڴʱ߷һӹʮһ˵ͷһʿĸ֣ϢȻǾλԼһλ¶˿Ϣʿӳ
ڻĮ֮£Ǳȴ˽ʮλˣʱһһȫװһ龵棬žӰ߷
ӳĿˣǵˡ˵غ
޻˹׼ɡλʿǣ˵Ŀʲô´Ǳ֮󣬾һֱûж˿Ҳվ
ϮɱţЧȺ࣬ǲǿһʿһ˴Ӧ
ԣǲǿʿ¿ڵ
һУѾԶԶؿؾڴţٽӽʱ
Ȼ䣬Բ֮ڣһĻ˲֣һ˵ţȵֶΡ
ϮʿӳһװһսҲװҰΧм䡣
ɱ´һȳ˳˹ȥ
ǿʿƴҲҪǣ˵İȫʿӳ˵գһɢͷһɫӡۣǷӡֻۣеõԴϵţŻᱻһӡۡ
ԭλɽ¶ˮʿӳȻһλ
ٷ磡磬ķֽ粢̫Խֻڲй涨һ£ٷ磬ֻǷͶӰ涨˼󳬼µģӶֱһ½ľӢŵڣⶼ󳬼Ĭġ
λ񣬷׷׳
ҲܹƿӡؾȻǵʵ˵λ
˿֮УܳʮˣӶľλʿ
ʣµˣȻȫǿ
ĳ˺εºܣȻͷλ񣬲ϧǱ཮ɵĳˣΣȻ̸Ц
û취˭֮ǧѵһأλֻʥΪĿ꣬Բû̶֣ǻش⡣
Ҫϻˣ£ְɡ޻˹͵ȲˣһҲֳͬһ޴˫и˹
Ƿλ֣󣬿ǿóĿռҲһĻƺҲǿ˷ռļ̶̳ȣûгѺۡ
ҹʿӳأ˿λֳսӭȥ
֮£ס񣬰ǿĿ¡
λҲ벻ؾȻһȥͱ2壬ѾȫˣǼҲʧʧҲʧԵһʧ峬һ޶ȣǾͻ
㣬㾹Ȼ񣿡¾ȵ˵Ҫ֪ԼλУǿԼҲĽˣ񣬽һһѡɶ鱨˵Ľġ
ߣҵʿӳʮǰͻˣʦֵĵӣǵأλߵʿʵû׼ɱңҲδ̫һЩɡҲʾװһƷߣеıһѳꪣһ˿޻˹ʥ۷Ϊһλ񣬿ǿˡ
㾹Ȼܣȥɣ޻˹ֳһ״иն
ȻһԽ͵һȣ˵˰׿⣬ɲӲһλĹķʹɵصֵѹȣԼֻʥ۷ΪƾǿķܹסһλͽһһһؾԼԲĶ֡սһ޴ƣͬʱʻȲϡ
ҹҹҹصĹӵͣȫӷնԴһϵصĹصһλֳ˫⸫ĶϣʮȥλѾʧ˹壬漴˶̶̼ʮϢ͵˯֮С
ôģΪȫѾûоԵҪˣʧ룬Ҳֻ˯ڳ˯֮УỺػָ
ɶ񣡡ʧȥ˰֣ԼӲǶ֣һȼգƴʱȼԼ꣬ԻȡطĴ˯
ɫһ£һĽȼһסеĵȻΪص⣬¡
ͬʱҲʱעһս֡
ڲԶʮλ֮Ľֻ˵þ춯أ˭Ҳ޷κ˭޼䣬Ȼֻоˣɹסʮλ


127  һ
ǣȼգ޻˹Ҳɴģ֪ȥȫûҲ겻ɡ˲ҪһҪɡ
һֵһ㣬ÿһζӿ޻˹ǿ֮У˿ʮغϣûбһΡ
ӲͿ޻˹Ӳƴ
ȼĿ޻˹᳤סʹÿ޻˹ٶһءһξͳһֱ򱳡
Ӧֻмսµܣһǲûаȫ
޻˹ƲˣһϢ֮䣬аٻƿķ֡
Ʒߵķ֣ΪӮһϢʱ䡣
յرܹһ١
޻˹һݣ˲׷ܵӰɣҪʬϣնһУ֮󣬴񼼣ƽһУȴ֡
֮ߵķҲ֮ǰһգڵֱ
һһԳ£ǰ
䡪˻ײиȻǵסˣһȴȻûнͨս׵ķ֮󣬲˰ٷ֮һȻѪɣˡ
ﲻɵһֻ̾ǰٷ֮һҲͬԼܹȫֵġ
޻˹ŭһɶֱӹһΣȥˡ
޻˹ƴأ޻˹Ҫɹˣѵ
Ҳˣȼգҹնص߽ĳ̶ȣǰȫͬն
ն£ֲ֧סõɶʧ󣬲ĽҪ˳˯ɴԱ壬Ҫһȥ
شʱά߽һֿµı֣˲һ飬Ȼˡ
飬˼õģֻĻ
ӡǵģɵԱ֮֮Ȼˡ
еǿ壬ͽ񲻹ڻңЩڻҳΪըĻǻ൱ΣյģӦ˶ˡ
صĽ־鼫ΪḻԤһСµԱû̫ãʵϣԱԭǲ˯Ȼơ
޻˹걾ԴȥҪΪū͡
룡ǿ־ǵסֵһϢϢϢҪֲסˡ
Ͼ־С
Ϣʱ㹻ˡ
Ѿ˹һҹն˿޻˹ƣ󵶹Դԣɱſ޻˹塣
óһŵҩ̷ȥƺת˹˵һߡ
һǰʲôͬϢ޻˹ԱĻҲûУͱɱ˯
Ҳֹͣȼգ漴һʮɱ˹ȥ
һĻԶʧˣΣˡˣ˲ʡصҲʧ12ңһʵֻܷӰ˳ңʧС
Сʦ壬ǻ˻ȥɡؽѵ
ðɣǻȥε̾Ҳ֪ǲ̽һ̽ؾˡҲؼؾҪһʱ䣬ȥһʱ˵»ûءûϸ˵ûƵūͰæЩôŵǱ뵽཮
һ׵ǱزٵˣֻǣһͽūͻһЩϾ֮Ѿȫûңһж˵¡ӵҵϸĻߣһϴٲ˵ˡ
һҲޱȵңҺһͷʱԼ죬Լһοˡ
һ֮գҲûа׷ѹ򣬶ûжʥƿѾʼɶˡ
صӶ̻֮㱨˴£ӶķӦ൱Ѹ٣½˵཮жʼŲԼϸͽһΪ嵱ϸˣǾûаϻԣ˭飬ļһҲܵǣ
Ӷϲǳŭ˵ϲ㶼쳣ŭǿʢҪ֧֧ţЩ֧ΰڣÿȺ̫࣬ϲŵӳ̶ȱЩǱֻλҪ󣬵ͽ׵Ⱥ˵಻࣬˵Ҳ٣սʱ򣬵ͽڻҡ
෴ЩֻҪ㹻ʱɳǻԴﵽλλĳ̶ȡ
ɱţֱڶɱδϲưոݣ
һĴϴϢ俪ʼˣϴıصڷ½

Ȼһкͩ޹أͬҲǣͩϡصɳ֮ʱҲͩϵˣԼͩСһЩ
ͩĿɿڴ𾪵˵ģʮΧɱûаôλʦֵʵȻȣԼ̫ԶˡԼԶ֮ءͩеһҲ˲٣룬ҪŬС
ԺҲᾭ飬⣬ҲǵùȻʥ򼶱ˣһֳţڰ֮ʱ뿪Ⱥı֮󣬲ŻĴɱΧˡպҲСİæߵ£ȥؾ̽Ѱ߶˵ͽͨæԼˡ
ͩ˵ͷʾס
˿ſͩ£ͲӰ쵽̸ܹ֮ͩ˫֮תҪ֪ͩ˿ڰ൱Σյġ
Ļ֮ҲһԾһֱ཮򱣻µҲûиܵвڵǵһ̸֮ܵУΨһ֮Ҳвʱ޿̲
Ϊǿඥǿߵıӻ£཮ͨ˰Ҹţһ
үԺҲΧɱ𣿡ȷʵ
Ҳɣʲô壬ȵҵΪﵽʥʱڸǿ󡣡ͩףԼҪһֱ͵ȥǲܵģһռ֮󣬾ɲԼ͵ܹ͵ġ
ʦֿҲΪԼǱŻཻİɣͬʱҲԼΣʱ̶ڣԺҪСĽ
ͩĻɵһ󽾰Ժ԰Լүӵһ챦ֻҪСһЩΧɱҲ¡


128  ѰȺ
үģЩ㣬ֻбɱķݣתסͩСԴͩС
ͩ΢΢һЦû˵ľĻ÷棬Ʊ֮дУ¶ۼ
ʮ֮ͩ˳شïΣյɭ֣ӽ˽Ⱥ
ͩѱͬ΢㣬ֳ䵽һ״̨ϡֽ״ĽӵĽģƵı
ҳȥ鿴һͩվԸͩϴһϾ˫ôʱ䣬϶жԷҵζȥɲС
ͩһɫսףƾճڽ̨ϡ
ͬʱ˱ᦣȥϢȥ֣ﵽһ̶ϵЧᦣֱͩһΣЧӡ
ͩҵţΪԶѾ׸໯Ϊҡ
䱦ע㣬ʲô쳣ԼʱҡͩʮһЩ֪Σա
УʱͬˣԶ֮ǳǿ󣬵ִûκοȡ֮ÿһصڣܹ˽ѾЩĽƻذ䱦޹˵ΪҲұ֤ܹȷеΣա
ô죿ͩһ
۰ɣܹ㡣䱦ǳػش
ͩ˵ͷһ鼫Ʒʯ͸ͭǮΪԴۡͩϲƴ֣Ͷʲʲô
֮ͩ۾ֱܹӴ͸ǽ棬һʵתһЩܣͩɨӴЧʱһ䷿һ䷿Ҫøø졣
յġͩǳź̾ʲôҲûС
ͩתһ
óһѾ˵ĳż
ͩһһѰңЩϾȺʵ̫ˣӦҲһеڳǡ
ԶǸƵŻԼҪıɣ
֮ͩͩɹѹγʮվʯżƷʯǧŸƷʯԼʮƷʯͺƻı׼ʯһѼֵǧƷʯϣЩ϶ֻ̫߰Ʒߣֻ൱Ӵ൱ȫ
˵ʯľᾧּĲϣҲм֮࣡ռᾧһڶ֣
޾ϵ޾ʮ֮ǰ޾ͩҲѹεʮţ
Ҫ֪ͨ񣬹ֻҪž㹻ˣǿһģĿššʮžͶˡ
Ϊ˵ͩҵ˼ŲõĴ洢ֿ⣬ȥˣֿеĲϻͬ¿ɳһ㣬Կó洢ֿ⹦û
ͩЩϣʮֿȫ֮УֲֿĹ൱棬ڲģܹΧֿ֤еĲϲΪʱʧƷ½ͩ÷ãȫЦˡҲʡԺͩٶԽȥĲֿ⡣
ͩ죬ѹȺеͬʽĲֿ⡣漴˱Уʼࡣ
үһķˣҲɵñʾ޴ĲƸԴּǧĻҲȲͩջڷ֮һ
ʲôе̣ǵ̵һˣǮе㹻Դļܹ֡

ɶҺ֪صĺһϵ˵ءһųβͣһŴʿ꣬ҡڵ߽˽Ⱥ
ֻһͼһһ߶š
ףˣֿأǵĵͼʾӦһֿڰֵ
ѵһҲɵһӾ뵽ܣ⣡ɲܳ£ܶǼɶã
Ҳ˲ƾɵټ´˵أתؾȥ
ͩҪӱȻһӰһ̨ӹٶȼ죬ǱʾȫϢ񣬻ľʹӰ
Ȼˣͩһ
үǸȥƣȷؽ
ţ˿ǰ񼶱ĴڣǸȥǲ̫ðˣ̫ͩͬȥΪܹͨɭֵģЩ⣬ֻԼӵ汦ġǰ٣ӵĵͼʿȫ滹治ҳ
бҲùһλ˵ˣһεջѾ㹻ˣͩѾ൱֪ˡЩҪȫټЩġǳ֮ˡ̥֮Ĵڣ㹻ͩʮˡ
ͩѾΪڵıˣĲƸԱܶư񣬵Ȼֽ𲻶࣬ʲȴǲƵİûбҪΪǲ֪鱦ðգһɱı
ţȷˣûбҪүԶԶظţ²ΪͰүʦˣĻû˵ȥˡ
ͩһ֣ɽе⣬зˮбʦֿɾǷˡͩﻹ治̫ںƷķΪͩԼͻƣ
ȻɱͩҲƲ
ͩٿ˹ȥԶԶڸ߿Уӿٶ׷ȥ
ֱԶԶܹǵӰƶ
ûһǵӰͣ͵תϸ̽һΧ
ͩӦ죬䣬С
֮ͣͩһ۾Ϳ˴˵ò
⣬壡òȥ࣬ǶȴĶ䣬ƨɺ滹һβ͡¶ƤҲ࣬
ͩʶˣϽ
ôˣͩʦܡӰˣɫ˺ܶ࣬ӦѾָˡ
ʦ֣Ҫ鱨ϱͩ˵ؾ֮УĴڡؾȥ
ʲôӣʵ
ͩ͸ǸӰü侧ʯץȻŸ
ףǷˣǷ½ͺᡣ޼ҿɹбȱȽǣǱ֮Ϊ߻߸ɴǵ͵ӣֻӦԤıģѹֻһŴᣬһͬĲرͼһж˲ıģĿľΪ򿪷ӡʵӦòǿֻа񼶱𡣡
ͩ˵ͷʾͬͩڷӡǿȣʮλͬʱҲ޿κΣҪ󷨣֮ƿӡ
Ļһ˾ͿԻƷӡȥµʿһûȷĽֻ֮иɵˡԼλĻҲԼڷӡ


129  ű
£㲻Ҫˣһϱϲ㣬һ󹦡˵ͽͨϽͨӶϱ½ֻܷᣬȻ½ֻܷϵڷؾ֮ɱޣǰǡ
һʾӶĿȣвؾõӶϲ´նɱؾķ󣡡ͩǷӰ鱨ÿһλ
յ񣬶Լͬͣϵ飬׷׼ٳŽȺȥ
ͩԶԶظǸˣԷٶʵ̫죬ͩϣûþͱ˦˺ԶóԷĿĵ൱ȷؾȺ
ͩٶȲٿ˹ȥԽǽӽǿ򣬲ԽܸܵЩ
ߴǧɣǧЩֲȻγһ󷨣󷨾ȻЩӰӡ
ͩ̾ΪֹЩܹ֮ΪĴڣȻ֮ͩϵ貢̫ϲţ󷨵Ȼڵܹ͸ģͩȥıҲûС
ǧˣת֮СֲͩͼΣԼػ˳ͼǳª̫󷨣ͩܿͷͼЧ
лӡԼѭĲ󷨣ЩƵķЩǷĵļڣֻǸѡ
ϼª󷨾Ȼܹӵһ˿ãӦò̫СŶ԰ɣྐྵȻ׵ؾĨɱʵֻжǿ
ͩ󵨵Ʋһ£൱Ҫ²ֻΪ½¸õƼ
̲СƼǿƼÿһǿɱ֮·
ͩڻʼҸߵѧԺѧЩ֪ʶҲһЩ˷ѧƼĽᾧ
үܽȥ𣿡ͩоͼоһ֮ͷˣſʵ
Ҫˣˮʵģ֪߳Ҳͩԭ·ˡ
ʮλӺİͩ
ͩգʮλȥ̾˰ɣô룬ʲô֮ǰؾ֮⣬ۼ̫࣬Щ񲻸ҷſֽɱ¾ĴನͩҲûܹ¡Ȼϣ֮󣬻൱ȫ۱Ͼۡ
ȷʵ˵ͷ
˰ºʮӰͩͷӹÿһɢŲͬڰȴȰҪ
ͩһۣͬ񣡡
ˣʲôıﾹȻʮͩ̾ɲŶԸһ֮ǰʮλ񻹲Ƕ֣ˣҲóʮɡ
ǺǺǡү֮ǰ˭˵ְ֪߳Ц
Ϊջ󲻹ǿãڲڰûڣں澿һʲôıͩʦְҵӵֻ֪Ŀ͹á
ͩȽ֮ǰСسȥΣյİʥ򡢶򣬽˸߼֮ͩгˣͩҲ˱
ͬʱװƷƽߣͩȫļƷеļƷ
߰ɣǾ߻ȥɣ򲻵üΪö˻ԣ󡣡ͩ˵
ͩ˼Բûз
ͩЩ߼޵Ŀ꣬ϰϺʵս

⣡һ׵Ĺâֻֻ߼߽˲䱻ɿ飬նʮ顣
ţı⾹ȻѾСɣռʿУĶˡͩ˵
ЩүĹͣҪү񹦣ҿҲﲻڵľ硣Ҿӹ˭뵽һնʿʵȻնʿԽ߸С磬񼶹İԵˡ
ڴʱӰӼԶɶһһŮȥֻжʮͷˣ˶ƶȻǾһս
İ׿⣬ʮͬնеӰ׷ˡ
ǻܣվס¾֥ǵ֮աͷһ弶ʿ
ߣ죬Դҩˣƴƴõıƾʲôø㣿ѵžһǹؼһͷôӴܵǸһش˿
ϧﲻԵؼҵĵ̣ĳʵǱǿѹһͷΣЦ˵
ɶǵĶƴػȺ䣬ֵõڴ˴ſԡС¥һ㣬Ƿֿ£׷ž֥㿪ǵ׷ؾȱ
ǰɣŸӣȡǣȡȥ侲˵
У㣬ǸͶзǷ֮룬䵽¡Ҵ˾һС¥˹Ľ
СܣĻǲǹؼҵһ˶ѾΪи̣ǹؼҵҪˣʱȻΪնңټлţǹؼ˥ܾͲԶˡ˲Ҫ˾Ͳ֮£ǹغ˥ɰܣ𣿡ɸֵ˵
С¥⻰һһ㶵ģЩӵܴС;ܾӢһԼΪȣС¥ֻúͬ˹ļƻ
ɵСӣξ㲻ò˶Ҳᱻȥ۹ף޸Լϲˣһ֮̾̾ᣬС¥ˡ
С¥֮ȴҲ޿κΣӵܵıԼĻҲ˵ˡ
׼Ǿֿס㡭紫С¥һмƻҪռƻʩС
˵գһͬܽһ֮Уһִ˳
ܵܣֿ£ɡ漴еӰԷֿУٶȸ˼֡
㡢㡢㣬ǰˣ׷ϹС¥˺һ׷磬ҪˣҪʬ𣿡ķӦǳ죬̶̼Ϣ֮ͷֿ׷ȥ
һʧߣڴʱǿò֮£ܳһӰǹС¥Ϣԭ·ĵ뿪ˣʱĿ⺬ᣬһҲһͷ㣬ģһᾡ֪ͨġ


130  ɱ
콣˵һģÿһ˶ԼӴ
λͬǻ壬Ѱ鱦Σ콣˵˵
ͬ⣡ͬ⣡Ҳͬ⣡ͬ⣡ã
ÿһʱ򶼿ǰŽᡣһ˲˼ʮϵϹΪ˳ߣĪ˵˽磬Ҳ̤ͬмλеļǿ߻̤Ⱥ߽սǶףв޵еͬлţǵ۽ԶԶʥԼʥЩͼʿܱġһӶ´ҪǱؾķ
Ǹ˽£׷ˣΪ塣
ڼĹǲϧ٣ͩʮλʮǸ֮ǶΪֺӶ
ǧĴһ޴ļ̨һʮλ񣬱֮ؾʱλ񡣲ûϵǵĿһµġ
Ȼ䣬̨֮ϣһǿ
ãǡ
λҪӿٶȣ䡣
٣
ԣɹ
λǣ׷ʹȫĸȥ𲽾ͱλҪټѹƣֻǾˡ
˿̨̼ģǸˣһ߲ʻţĽһǷĴзڽܷ֮ǰͲõĴɻһӾӳװһ˰۷壬Ϊȼ𣬿֮·
ȼǳ֮ĽѣӰڿʼȼգհꡢһ壬̼ʯ壬ȫתΪ壬壬ӡںϣӴԺû˾ԵҪһԴҲ䡣
֮ǰǳܲסǾֻг䣬
ȳ֮٣Ҫöˡ֮٣Ϊ׽١١١ÿһַֽΪž𡣳֮ˣԽ񣬸ԽԽǿӵеķԽ࣬µԽǿл٣ʵǳ֮٣ͬģ֮ǰԽ񣬸ԽԽǿԽȻپԽǿ
׽£ڡڶ⡣ɵضϣڡΪһɽ١
䡪Դ٣֮£Ŵ˳ɹؿ˻٣˳سΪ
֮ᣬΪµתһĳز
ˣ̰࣬ллΪؾѰ洫СβڱϣǵˣβЦ
ߣһǿйᶥӲļһ򲻹۲಻ѣô˻㲻ɣ콣ߵѾﵽ񶥷壬ֻһֱûȼˣڰ׶ΣʿҪҲĽ׶֮һͺñһʿڴؼĸԽι̣ԺʱԽɡͬģ˵һĽ׶ΡԽ񣬳֮Խǿ󡣰ո˼۵ĲͬеһԽһеȴֱӳΪס׵
ԣԪ񼶱ĴڣÿһޱȽ׶ͣһʱ䣬лۡΪڰ׶ۣȿԽ֮һһ׵ס
ȷһʮꡢϰĻۣܳΪ񡣶һһҪ񣬿ҪΪλڣڰ׶λԽ񣬳֮ǱŻԽǿ

˭˵߾һʵǿʥ۷ΪѰԲĶ֣ϮɱҲһʱ䡣
ʮλͬʱ֣һΧβһҲû
콣콣ʹԼĳ϶ˮԨλĬؽ󷨣һ͸콣ˡ
꣬˾֮磬ӣսֱۣšôȥˣǵĬû˿ˡ֣Ҳ֮
콣նֵɱУ֮콣˵콣ӳ콣նһУ
Ҳóʵǵͽ񣬶˿⣬ʱǲ׾ʱ򣬲ģóȫʵ
ɶǸβûй۸ǿŷ崫Ӳȥġԣһڰ빥֮£ʧ5壬ֻҪʮĹʵͻ½˳ɣʱΣˡ
Щϼʶһ£ҷ汦βŭһ˼̨̨һƣһ㡣
鱦
ⲻ鱦ɱҲͨɱмʶİЩɱÿһλʿıﰡƷߣǰ񼶱ʽװ鱦λλʽװɱλʽװһͨɱλһ鱦ͬλͰ
˿̣һλ񣬾ȻɱĻᰡԼãҲܹ󳬼ȡʮ鱦á

ɱ壡
ɱ
ʮλȫˣȻʼط׷ƴˡ
ߣһȺϣ汦ܿ⣿βһ˵ɱһĴ󽣡һ޻սסһ˫սѥ
ɱֻҪӡǿ뱦ܹʹãҪȫЧҪڣˡ
βӶ󽣣սף̤սѥޱȣһ£죬ʮλ˲Ϣ룬ʣµĶشɰ
⣬ɱ𣿡콣˵λǿΪֽԵʣһ˷̯˺û䣬Ҳͬܵش˿ȫûˣֻо̾ͺȻɱʵ̫ǿˡһѣԭռƵļʮλ̫ˣ
ññΪ˳ﻮ꣬ðǱ཮ֵһжֵˡβЦޱȵ泩
Ⱥ̰࣬ȥɣЦβ¶׺ݵıԣһ£Ҫʣµİȫնɱ
Զռͩͬؾ֮ʿע⵽ǿ۵ı⡣
⣬ɼĹâͩԶţʶǷһ۾ϳ˹â


131  
ңʮ֣ʱסβһ˫ײ֮£ನ㽫Ѿ˵Ľʮλ񴵵һѪ˰Ͼǰ񣬼ʱս׷һεû䡣
񣿡βɫһ࣬Ǳ򶨡
ɱȻ㲻Ǹոܷ΢ܹȫһññ˵䣬һƽףߴٶ๫ľ˳֣ԡ
֣ҲòŰԻɣͲռܲס𣿡ʮһλ񣬾ǶС
˵Ҳǡ˵ͷӦֱ֮Сй涨½磬ڷԻ֮壬һ㶼Ǵˣһ񡢶⣬ʼͻῪʼ߳ĲͬɳĶȶҲֻͬؾռ䣬Ƿ磬ԻŸԻ
壬ҽ཮򣬶ȡõʮλ֮УʮλĴڣڵȴʮ֮еĵ۹
񣬿ڷ翪ǰܹػסƬȡһܹٵĹֻ࣬ʮķΧŹҵķչţȻҲҪλʵ㹻С֮ʱһǧȥˣ񣬿Ҳֻ֮дﵽ߽ףϲΪ֮󣬲ܹƵۣڷ翪һ۹ֱ߽֮Ϊλ֮еľӢǱλ
С߽֮Ĳֻ࣬һףʵϣȴرÿһףͻһ㣬ǿʵ͸ǿʮѣеһףеĿ޷֮Уֱʤ󳬼Ǹɴཫ׻׵ȥһŵڣǺεȵĵ̣
ȴ޵ġÿһʹĵ̼һ㣬Ҳպλ񣬳λ񣬶һϣҪ֮иǿҪĲλ񣬶Ǹλ
ս֮Уλͳ˧ĻǽĽ׵ʦųӪ֮µȫСλ֮ϵĴڣһ㲻μսΪ֧һ̡Щ֧ûе£λλȫҲ

ͷĳûʲô棬Ļȴ͸żȵźͰûдǰǷؾĵ̣еĶġ
λ񻮷ֳɳСĻһ׵׾ǳĽ׵׾м߽׵ʮ׾Ǹ߼ͼԸ߼֮ʱܵľͻһηС˿βı־ˣһ۾ϳǸ߼ҲǷǿߡ߼λ񱻳Ϊȫͨõġ
βĵмֲˣΪȫʢ֮ʱĴҲʮǶȺ֮кպߡ壬߾ȻΪؾͽһλ
汦ɱΪȫ
ߣһ˵βһ̤˲Զľ룬ǰȫעһ¡һȫ˷ȫͶ뵽֮С
ɫ˿䣬һƯĿаУ˫ֺϲһ
βһֽˣôܣԣβע⵽˫ף˼֡ߣߣ鱦ףܵɱ˫ֳֽȫѹ
ʮһλʮ˳ȫһɱսϣȴֻȡ΢Ч
ɶ񣡡˾Ī޿κΡɱֻ˵ûʶڵǼʶˣֲλλɱ˿ˡ
ҲΪһȻʮλȫױѴ󽣻Ҫмֵϴ˱¾ͨλҲκβԼ
ãããײǱˡѾǧ֮ˣûеõһɱõȭҲΨһõһ鱦䱦˵ɱֻʶ˲֪һòͨɱܹ֣ɱȻԶ鱦
˵㵱͸İҪףҪսѥʣµһѴ󽣵Ͻȥȡʮ鱦ҡһλһֱûгֵ񿪿˵
ʮλһϲת˵лл̫ǿɲҺλɱһֵһ鱦Ҳѵõˡ鱦ˣô׵ð
ǳ̫ˣλа˳϶û鱦ֻĲһ鱦
ߣս䣡һ츳ųƿȫķģʩչ츳طԽһס
ΪҲûáȼ棬һλƣܿ˶ֵĽ棬תһȭȭ
߽ķУȫһȭ׼ȷش˶ϡ
͸ս׵ķܱ˾ųɣɾˣȻβʧ7壬Ҳ˵ûɱսףһȭ㹻βʧ80ֱӳ˯ʵ֮ǿ
ܣôƿҵķβֻˣɱսҲסֻҪʮȭԼֻг˯ķݡ
ûʲôܵģǲӦ̾ɱһûȫܷȫܵսףֳ鱦ӳľųɵĹȻ̫Ҳм̰ˣתͷ˵ҪһҪսףҪģ
ϻһҪǵõսף֮󣬿µλ֮з޵а
βһӦٺƴȥˡ
ӣô򵥣ڳһǴʬɽ֮߳ģһ۾ͿβҪ
ʮһλ֣ԷΧΪԼԷĸļϡ
ܲңڳе񶼱βҪǿǵķѹβʮһˣһ̫һʩչȫѹβ˿ѾмͶ·ĸо
ͬʱ·һսʿһ㣬ͣؽβһȭһȭغβϵر仯βĴ󽣣Ͼһɱʵʵذһ£ԼҲ˵һܵ


132  ־
ףˣղŻܸоǹɾģôûˣֵʵ
֪Կ϶ǣǱߴˣر֣ɼ֪ǷƵģǰ֮ġͩûռɱΪԺֻ֮ҪвӦҲƳֻоһ£ɱĳѡ
үҾӦ뿪ؾ˵Ӽܣꡣ޺ΣǲȷһĴˣʲôҲ˵Ļûпܻٵؾռأ
ҲԣǻǸϽ뿪ؾҪȻҲұ֤ܹڿռ֮˳ҵȥ·ͩϸһ룬Ҳ˲ɱ߼ˡΪǵʵѾռļޣֻǷΪԵԵͶѡ
ԭ˻ǰս޵˼ڿճȥΪ
Ƕ˷ɿն𣬳ؾڵĶ·ȥ
磬֥ܲˡ˵
죬㵱ɵ𣿽㣬һ𣿡絭˵ɫȴԲ԰ףȻƼһЩ
ڱ֤Ҳɱ㡣ر֤
ߣǰ㲻ɱңҲŹңնıΪҲ֪ǲóѵġߵ
磬շѵʲôõģүһƬôͲأɫʵ
Ѵٱ䡣Ƭ̻ش
ޣƾαһСˣ´ֱֱȥϲ㣬Ҫõ㣬ϱһױһҪһٱ˵ĳֲ̬ûмΪǲţֻ˰ˡ
Եصͷ˸һĨȴ޿κε飬Ȼ̧ͷ¶һˬʽѵЦݣ˵ţΣҪ׵ġ
磬߰ɣڣұ֤շѵĲҰôճյ˵ȻŵЦݸסˡ
죬ҶͬҲûиоҹؼΪҹùþ㸸׵Ĳǿ֮£ȷ飬Ÿʹޣʵʵ˵
㲻ңҾȥɫһ䣬ֱӸɴ˵
һһŮ߷ɹȷİˣǾ˵ءʱһ߼ĸַ˹˵
ʲôΪʲôͷʵ
նΪȷ˻شؾ֮Уʲô˶УСҡҡɢޣ֡
ţΧ۵˻һʵ
ûУԲ֮ڣû˻
Ǿ˸ɵǣøɾ㡣Ը֥ǻռֲֵıоǹǷѼδŵϱҪǰϢȥѼΪ棬ҲΪеġѼǿʮλռǿĴ壬Ȼһͷ
ѷѼս֣ؼҵƽȾͻᱻƣõƾͻһ첻ò
ǣ˹һ˾ͷɳսȦ
Ʋһ۷ߵˣ˵αǣ޹أ
ϣû˭޹ģʿ磬ǿʳˣֻã˭ƫƫҪ߾أ쿪ڽ͵磬ҵ޶ȵģ֥ҿԷһ·
ĳŵһòҪǿҾͺͬھұ֤ǵò֥ӴָУȡһö֥֥ռʳһţռʳһһ޸ãǻԪ֮Ʒ죬ܹ൱̵ʱڣͻƵվżʡʱ׼ͻռ˵ö𣿡
֥˲ܿԽ󾳽֮⣬˵ȷʵޱҪϵΪҲûã粻ɵӣö֥һŴﵽվżʣµİöȵռ֮ȫ¾ܹﵽհ˼ٵýʡǧʥ

ֹͻȻһȣΪԵ
ͩһ£ԼųؾأȻһ߼ʿ
˭סк£ֵͩʵ
û£ֻãʿ˵꣬Ʒװֳһƽǹͩ˹
̤ǰһһâ佣ָɲõı⣬һͨĵϵУҲڵ֮ĴطȻͬ졣
ʿһǹ̳ǿҪâɢϧԸΥǶԱӰ죬ıķ򣬿Ǻܲɵǣǳ˵λ
ʿû뵽һûкɢԷĹӦѾˣ˿̵ԭǰͳ壬ܲ
Ŀ꣬ʿֻоһ䣬֮°ĸоʧˡһɾ˵ĺ°ֱ͸ϡӓ⣬ȫѪҺܿͱⶳˣ߼ǿԪάʿֱӱ
ҡҡͷԼı⻹ǲô⡣
ˣıⲻһƤëպΪ֮һɱ˴Ƭˣ˭档ͩ漴ԸȥʴΪҪǡ
ˣҲԼӦ֪ˣնΪӵվżʵʲôģǣү
ȥʿȥˡ
㣬ǸңҿŵĵӣǲˣʿȻжǻܹ˵׵ġ
ߣĸУԴ֪ͩӶŲĳԱ֮Ǹơ
߿Ƽ˾֮⣬ĸȵӶ᣿
ҼүӶŵӣҪǱҪȾͱʵ̹Ȼ˵ûбƹⷽԵʮۡ˵ɣΪʲôҪǣʵ˵ñﶯô̡
үʲô̺أתͷʵ
ͩ˻˵Կǰ˹ʮӣ˵ͻһ֣˵һֻ֡һֻʲôġ
ʿһʱЩź͵
Ҫ˵أʵ
ǲ˵ѵġͩؿʿһ˵
ʿͩһۿ˸оֵֹġ
˵ɣΪʲôҪǡʵ
ġʿȻ˵˳
ţӦû˵ѡͩ˵ͷӦʲôͷж󣿡


133  ֶ
Ļž˵ķΧ֮ڣǴںˮڵıԵλռǿߵϰλռ֣ǧλؼӣϰӶʮ򡣡
ʥҲûУҲţ˾ȡͩ̾һؾ֮Уջḻ۽Ҳ˲٣ͩ˿̵۽磬濴ЩռĴڣΪͩǧֻҪȥһεջ񣬷ǿ϶ģҪǣҲܹõܴ
˵Цˣʥǿô׾ͳֵģһµؾش󿪣ܱʮҺһŵĲ룬ʮңڼƵʿܳʮλʥŴвʷʮӣܹλռǿѾǺ˲ˡеļţʮ꣬ǿʢʱҲʮλռǿûгһλʥǿߡʿ̾ʮòʵѾһǧ꣬ĳЩʶҪ̣ͩס
ͩҲʮֵе룬ԭʥͻƵİʥ򡢰ˣҲʥܶĴˡ
ػ꾧ˣػ꾧ļֱֵԹˡǮûǮ⣬мҲС
үô죿ҲҲ
ȻҪ鷳Ҳȥʺһ¶Էͩ˵Լնʿܹ𣿽֪ʲôߵˡͩ鷳Ͳһµ
֣˶ʱɱҲɱζˣԶˡһ˴һʹ죬Ѵ˵ĴָõС߰ɣү
㵹ͦİͩȻЦ
СҲ⣬һδһЦʵĴͷǱЩȥ˵ˣٶԴҲлʱƽʱʡʱӦʡ̶̼ʱ䣬һǧСɱ˹ܼţò˵֮Ĺϵʵ൱΢ġޱȵΰ˻񣬻˵ֻҪǻ벻һ顱֡
ͩˣҲʮеЩҪõĻͲġ漴ͩҲûиı䷽ǰɡ

һ濴˾ŸռʿΧһŮӡԣ׽ģŮûˡ
Ҳע⵽ͩˣüͷһ壬Լ˹ȥʰ·ʿڿԼɹȥ˿Ѿɵˡռܸɵһ߼ôܣԽս֣ԼҲܹһԽ弶ģʵ̫ˡ
һУ弶ʿ˵ǿ߼ΧŹ硣
죬λѡк
Ӷͩλѡͩػش
Ӷ᣿
ڳе˶Ϊ֮һͣߵһ
ϵЦݽӲˣа̾ºˣߵˣѹܹԽ弶ľ޴ࡣ
ԭֻ·˵أȴ֮ǰס¶˵·ԭ£ʢȴֻùкͩƽޱȵ˵ѣо仰²֪˵˵
˵ĶͷѾðˣӶŵģ˵ŵﲻ½Ҳû˵
ӶĳԱܶ࣬Ǵ󲿷ֶǹԱĺĵӶǳأʵндţ󳬼ĺĵӣԽսʵԽԽͬģҲ֪Ӷӵķʽ
Ѷв壬ŰԵһߵˡͩ˵ͣͣ˵ԣ±Ҫǵõ͵һ㣬ǫһ㡣
ŶŶǣǣʲô±ӣ췴Ӧ˹
ͩó潣һɫս£ͷӦûдĳλͶ̥
ϣһϣɵǲӶˣ˭ҪҪ˭Ҳɴһˡ
ϣ弶ʿʿһ֣ͬͩ
ͩһ죬һƣ
ֻͩһһ㣬ӹ˸ռʿߣǰ״
˶ĵţ˸ռʿͬʱѪԴһᣬãȻ׹µأ׷룬ʮֳ׸ɾ
챻ŵȽֱ£ޱȵľ壬⣬Ӷĵӵǿʵ𣿼ֱǷ˼ǿһͿ
ҲͬĿɿڴûмɱɱõġֱֽǷеĽӳ˾˾Ȼ˿âΪӶӣ̫ǿˣ
ֻǵˣҲټͩʩչʵ֪ͩʵԶԼ֮ϣû뵽Ȼһнɵͩ弶Ϊʩչ֮ʱһʽǱֳУкһԵ൱ǿ㾪޺
ġһʽƣۣһһɣطļ䣬ν졣
ͩʹ֮ʱһʽԵɽһļȣʵϣһʽʵ൱һʽһ㣬Ⱦɶ°һ
һ̣ͩųһĨԤ
ͩĿһεˣҲͬ壬мƽ
챻ɵˣ˵Щˣ㡭㡭㡭ҪҪУǰһĻˡ
һ飬һռѹͻȻð˳
ĸףΪ˱ӣеһֻꡣռǿߣǿЩطռǿ߷ֳֻԵµӻ˵Ļ
ֻطԴɿ֤ˣձΪͶӰ֮ԽԼΪͶӰͶ䵽֮⡣ΪͰӡǣͶӰӵһеĸйۺ֪ǿȴǸĶġ
ֻҲܹ࣬Լĸй۴壬ȴбʮ֮һֻò䣬һվͻɢ
ʲôˣҶһſֵ꺺ŭ
ɱ˴ˣɱȻҺ֥ѺߵȫɱˣڻҪɱһʺӿͩԴϣֻҪɱˣں˭ܹ֪
˵ˣ˵ˣͿȥˡͩԼԴϿʺӣǺ棬Լռǿ߲١ֻһֻ꣬㲻ռǿߡ


134  ؾ
֥ռǿ˵ǾһΪͨռʿΪҪһҲҪʱ֥һţ̶µһջÿһռʿܲס
֥Сӣ֥򡭡һ룬ֻһ΢ռǿߵǿʶ΢̺֮һ˿ɱͣһΣһ١
ͩ̾һϧƽ˵һʽκβñԼһ󾳽ĸ֡ǾԵڶʽ
ۣ̤ͩ鲽һȣαȸղŸ죡
ڶʽ٣
ķֻҲǷֻˣһξɱڣҲܲȵغ⣬ǿռ䷨򣡲ܣһնʿȻܹһ˿ռ䷨򣿡һֻ꣬𣬿Ľ
쿴ɵˣ׵ķֻ갡ֻиʮ֮һʵҲԱռʿɣһоˣ
ͩ˿ҲùһͩȻˣǶڷҪ̫ϸҪǾתԪתԪѾﵽͨռǿߣһп»ʹòһͬҲľ޴ȫ˰˳ɣҲ˵һͩڵΪֻʹһζѡ
ɵͩ첻СС弶ѣֵԼٶˡ漴ͩ˲ԪҩĬ˹ָԪ
Ǿ̫ͣ㣬ڵԪȣʽҲܴﵽҪ
ǣүػӦ칥˹ȥ
ͩת˹磬ƽʵ֥
ǵģֻšһ£ʵػش
ţðɣøң͵Ǿһıꡣͩ˵ͷشͩıȥһδİˣȻҲųͩеʱĴ󷢣¡Ȼͩڵ㲻úãĳ־ǿ˾֥ҪѰ
һܾùֵֹģ˵˼ҾԼҪܲ˵ԷԼ쾭İɣԼǲأӦõģҲӦõġǲ¶ԷֱӳǿǸʱ򣬴Ҷÿˡ
ðɡ绹治ȥһͩ᲻ĳǿϾ˼ԼľˡóŹ֦ϵ֥ܱͩͩȽҪһ򱶡
ȷʵǾ֥ˣټͩóһӡĿռУ֥˽ȥӡΪڣͩ
ֻ֥࣬ţҪҲԺռ󼸼Ľϡ
ڴʱɹذ˱飬Ϊɵؽ֡ʼȥʰսƷˡ

Զ֮ţΪֻ걻𣬲ʹʧӣ˾֥ըԱŶܵŭͱߵŭ
֮Ӵ֮һͬҲ֮ݵǻ֮һͨ಻̶̰֮УҲת˲֮䣬οꣿԣķֳȻ൱ˡֻͨ࣬ϰµࡣһ涨ǲתģǾԽǿ飬ֳԽ
޿ɷϣͨȺ˵ҲޱҪģûǷܳӴҲᵮźǿߣһһ֮£֮УΪ۷֮һԣ󳬼Żᶨֹأͨ滷ǿ֮Ĵ򶷣ǲҲǳء
ǿ֮ʥǿ֮һܾͻٵһ飬ȻеʱҲּ̫ᷢˡҷּɻǿߣһ⣬ºҪ󳬼׷Σпܾ͵ɱ鷢ڻڣĹҪ׷ʧְ֮߻ᱻ֮λһңһš
ƶȲܱ֤İͬʱҰһЩͼ޴ڣܱ޲ߵײ
Ϊռǿߣǧ֮꣬Ůǧ㣬ֻĸӣŮ츳ľ죬ӵʶһ㣬еѾԪľеĻڴؼˮ׼Ҫ˰ҲԪľֻռкܴĿܳΪռǿߡеĶȴزˣˣʥϣ֥Ҳ˶ȥˡ
˭һҪɱ㣡ţƽϢŭ֮Ҳ޿κΡ˰ȥҲ飬ϸز飬˭ɱ˾졣彫еͩģԪ˳ӡ뻭֮Уȥ
ƥԪˣţΪؼңؼҵռǿ߾⣬ǶǳǧǿߣվżôԪмѣؼҵ˥ۿҪ޷ˡ
ؾ󿪣ؼҵռǿ߲ûȥ֣ǰŵɽţŵռǿ߳š
ؼҵǿνѾᣬȶûȥؾðգǲȥҲŵĸֽȥ
ϼһŵһڣ˾Ǿŵռǿߣš
žλռȴȲϹؼңĸǿֳȥǳȥˣŵɽſɾزסˡ
һҲҳȥ֮ľս

ҵòҲõ䡪һ죬ؾ˶쳣ڴͬʱؿʼҡɽĴ֮
λЩ뿪˵أؾʼˣһϵؾؾ֮Ѱɱ޵ǿ߶ˣԼͬأҷ׷ײֻʵسؾڳˡ
үҲϽ߰ɣıǲˡŵ˵
ãߡͩͷӦ
˿Ѿǵضɽҡˣ쿪ʼˡǼԶǧĵط˿ңңܹƿһµĿռӿؾռ䣬Щ᲻ɴߵڿռŰ£붼ʼ塣
ͬʱеĿҲԽԽ
ʣ϶Ǳߵ֮ƴɱصĺ
ɴܣ꣬ȹ̵һռ䶼ܱǸݻˣްͩ̾ͬʱҲޱڴԼԺҲܹӵֻص
һȣүǿԴһ𣿡ָһ¹
ʲôʱ㻹ͬķĲɣͩüͷ˵ڴʱԴͷƶطҲѺۣѺԽԽҡض֮£ֱĩ֮


135  µĩգ
ûлش𣬶һֳ磬ͩͩҡҡͷû˵ʲôȻԼһͬķĵˣǲˣԼҪȥֹ
߰ɡȻ˶ѾˣͩҲĬˡ
ԿʿԸʽسؾӿȥռϵʿһЩҪΪѵǴؼµʿǲܷɿնƷµĽͨҲﲻҪ
ҲǳˣЩʥ򼶱ĸ֣ҪؾɳǾڶ¸ýơ
ֻʵ̫࣬ÿһ˶ϣԼܹһӳȥȻǳҡ
ط㵹һ㣬ľ֮ʱҲڷغУǾĽҲڳӿȥʿΪסǵȥ·Ĩƽ
ʵϣ൱ػң
յƶԽԽ࣬µĿռʥµʿܹԵģʥ򼶱ʿҲڿռ֮д̫á
ͩٶҲǾҲԶкܴļӹ˽١

ԽͩҲ˲ʿͬеĴҴҸ·еȴɱӡ
ҿʼˣϣռŲ¡ͩ˵ۺǻĩ֮ʱᱬͬķӦеǱٶȱǰ죬еӸԱҪܹ
ͩһ·Ҳɱ˲ʿ߽׵ʿûмЩ˵С
ռϵʿǳǿ־ᶨޱȣǿǲᱻţԾЩ߽ʿܱǵǱ
ΪʲôܹԽ󲿷ˣ߽ʿԭڣΪǱǾӢ
ȻҲٲָ߽ʿɱӵУ㸴ӡ
ԶԶģͩѾ˶ϵĿռţȴǳҡʿ֮ĶԿʿʿ֮ĳɱͬʿΪԼѱ·
еĸ߽ʿʿֵޣеĸ߽ʿҲŬάֿռŵ򣬵еĸ߽ʿȴ˿˵ȥһ·ռš
ͩһۣͩüͷ˵ֲ˳ˡ
죬Ҫ˵ʲôʱ򣬺ȻǿռŴȻռϵʿӦѸٵسǱ򣬿ǲռµʿȴ㱻ռ֮Уϡ
ͩĿõȫ˲ԼͬŴͣһš
ô£ͩٺõҲ
үҲ
һȴֳѵЦݣһƯŮԾ֮ʱȻ¶ѰЦݣͩǳ⡣
ͩѸ侲ó˸ߣϵ
ʦܣû΢Цʵ
ûУһ㣬ҲҺòһ㡣ͩ˵
Ŷʦ㻹Ļᣬ𣿡˹
ʦ֣̫СܵˣôоʦڷѲأͩЦŵ٩
ðɣȻ᲻ã˽ܹʲôҿû³ȥȳֻҪùֲҪ׼ȷѸٵؾҪǿλҪ֪ЩһˣѾֵƱˡ˵
ͩһ£漴˵ʦֿɷһռꣿһ׼ȷĿռ䶨λ
򵥣ϵĸߣͿԽпռ䶨λȣҲλҲܾȳɣ˵
֮ͩȻѹ߿ӿռͨѶȻǼ򵥵
ðɣ˵˵Ҹôͩʵ
ҿԶҵȨޣĸ߿ռ䶨λֻºҪ򹫻ϽѡѸٻش
ǾͿɡͩӦĹ˵Щ
ãѿǺܹŶԼŰɣˣ߱XXXXXXԲԣشԼѯʸɡ
лʦͩ̾һǷһ顣ǷҲһ˴˹ϵֶΣ漴ͩ¶Цݡ
ˣȻƣ䱻Լһ·ȥͩᶨ˵ܾһᣬԼҲȥ
ͩѸٵظߵɳΪϼڵĿռ꣬з½Ŀռ䷽λ

عҪȥˣĴأͩصʵó椾Ȼɱɲˣ˾ȳȥˣ
ڻʱ䣬ôһռ䣬һʱܳױ
ҲȥˣȥҲǱ޸һﲻһαӡȥ֮󣬻ܹһ絭ػشл֮ͬʱҲлõչˡ
ؼҽ㣬ʵԼԶİҶΪֻҪ㲻ȥͲõˡ˵
ûõģؼһطǹؼӵܣ֮ʱطһ鱾ֻŻ飬ʹһšһž͵ûؼ壬ͱûؼ塣˵
ĳЩƣֻּҵĵԶԶܺ͹ؼᲢ۰ˡƵĳҲȽ˽ӵܵѴ
ϵòǱжλ֮ЧɣͩЦһ
ҲΪ˷ֹͽд˱ͽӳΧҲΡͷӦ
֪ؼ㲻ʲô壬ôдطأֵͩʵճƶϣطͨʥҲġ
ѧʶԨСŮ粻һ㲻ʲôܣʮǰؼ쳯֮еԺռ֮һʷӹǧ꣬ʮλϵİ档ϧʮǰؼһλ䣬ҵ䣬ɢʮ֧˳쳯һֻ֧ǹؼϵ֮һշת˾ڷչҲ֮ˡ
ֲãԭİңѹд˵̡ͩգ˵ͷ
ʮλϵİ񣿣һȵ񣬿ɾˣǧؼҾȻҲûгһλ񣬿֪ѶǺεȾ޴ˡ
ʵҺĽЩɢޡ̾
ҵĺãɢɢ޵ҵѣɢɢ޵Ŀࡣʼǰˣɢ޶ĽӵܵľӢԴ̸˭һЩͩͻȻ̾ôһ䡣


136  ǿ
ͩһߣ˵ү֪㱾¼ѵûа취ؽˣү
⻰Ȼŵüܹͣùأ
֮ȴΪ֮ж
һնıԸһԣͩϸһ£ͻȻʵ
ģԲţҴطǹؼݺǧвϵĸôױƣֻͩһռʿΪûԼߡ
ؽ㣬Ҽү˵ĻԲм١Ϊֹľû͸ͩĵϸֻǾɲ⡣
ðɣģȻãͷӦҲٻ˾һѡ
㻹ҪãͩʵͩҲ׿ռļǳѣΪ汾Ƕγȵģռ࣬ҲĿƼˮƽܹǳˣԼеߣֻһƷߣٶȸ
֣ԤҪʱ䡣ڽпռļ㡣
ռٶȺͿնԽԽ࣬ҲԽԽˡ
ͩг˵Ǹóȥˡ
ͩĽ뱩¶֮Ҫ֡
òôɣһ£˵ôҲӶˣʲô
ҲաͩҲ֪ⱦ£϶ӶᣬҲö˵գ
͹类ս˱㡣
ͩҲ֮˱㡣

类ǰһĻˡǰһ̻ǿռеĩճһ̾ͱ˴̵Ĳԭĺˮµŵ¥ԶһǳƯݳ޵Ĺ
⣬磬ռ鱦ϾȻ鱦ԡӶ˲ƴ֣
ǵģǵļңǵһˡͷش
ͩһӣԭɫգͻȻһ䣬ĩճֳͩ˳ʶԦűϰȫĿλɹȥ
ʵ̫ͩ¿ռΪǿռܹӿռռֻͩĳɵı̣ռײɱ൱µġ
ţãȥһÿϣ㹻ƱĲ֣ٷֳɵĲʣµȫ͵ռᾧٽȫͩ˵
ǣүӦһȥȥˡؽ㣬Ұɡ
ͩżԦɵһռŰ֮أСؽӽ˿ռռһӴ̾ͲǿҵײزţͬʱҲ޷̶λãͺһ֧Сһ㣬ڷ֮мѵرŴ岻塣
ͩڿռ֮еǲ·ͩ³ıܲס˶塣
ΪͩıͩȻܹܵܵѹ̶ֳȵѹڱܷΧ֮ڣ¾Ƭռȫ֮󣬽Ļҿռ֮󣬱ܲס
Ϊͩ޷ҿռ֮еĿռ籩ж
ʱȥˣοʼ񻯣ƵĿռ֣ռӿƬؾ֮Уҩﱻû
Ƭռ䣬ֻҪһʱͻȫռûʧ
ϵٶŴָ˹ݸͩ˵ү϶ˡ
һߣм־ִٵظڻЩţһϣֱıᲢˡ
粻ֻһν屦ȡϧԴǿǹؼҽղأǰ˲Ŷ󣿾Ȼӵ˾˵ĲƸ
ܺãͩȡָһ㣬һռͨǰͩһָϾ˽ȥæеĲ϶ȥ
ŶõġͬӦ
ռͨһʮž޴ĺǺ͵һռ䣬Ƭռ֮š
ʮźǽСǳΪṩԴȪ
ͩǽһռΪ¯ʮźΪ¯Щϣӹǿϧȱϣܹ㡣
Ⲣı
ĲϱȻΪ뱦֣رǿռᾧʹñĿռԸͻܹյĿռҲˡ
ĽƷҲڼݻƣֱвȫˡ̷ǳ죬ֻһʱ
ͩԵظܵǿϣԼҲ˰˳ϡܵ˵ͩ൱ġԴתʵģʹͩʵҲ˼
ֻҪͩ㹻ϣرǳ֮ˣԽԽáͩе㱦ܱ߲㱦ˡ
ܺãǳɹֻҪȵռϣӦþˡͩϸһ±ͨݡ֮ͨķı֮ǰӸࡣЧҲ֮ǰҪǿ
һкŹ絽¥Ϣȥˡ
ͩ뱦ĿңóƷʯǧƷʯ¾ͬʱҲ׼Ʒʯһָ֮УвԣͽͶ¯ռ֮УΪӴ

¥֮Уϸزιһ¥ĲãʵóүҴ㷴絹ǶԴʮֺ棬֪ÿɷһ֮ɻ󣿡
ףؽȻ˵
ֻˣҴСһĸӦܹо˶ҵ̬ǷġҳԸַʽӽңʵ϶Ƕһв֮ġҪôؼҵҪôǴҵɫֹʵ˵Һ棬үȷʵǶ䲻ȴԽұŶ
ޱȾȣ⻰֮󣬲ɵΡ
ȷʵң͹ؽһǼǧС㣬ֻñȽˣ׾ͰһСţΪŵմӣڼˡֻеʱ޷ĥ̾һ˵Լľ
ţԽԽǾȣֹסľ͸̾
ȥ˹ͩ˵ܣ˵Ķʵ档
Ŷô˵ԭǳˣڷΪ檣٣ȤȤ˵ûУպʵﵽռȥұָԴ


137  
ǣΣⱾ֮е£үҲӦңᾡһ壬ǽ׷ȥΪȦپѡȻȷʵоά֮ģǶʯĳĸףҲ֪ǸʲôζܹҲ㾡Тˡ
ҵȳҴŮ˱ɼҼѼңҲӴʧȥңʬ⡣̾ƺοЩǧҴ壬ˡ
ԣؽɽ˻Ӵ˻ָ֮ͺСһ㣬⼸СԶĵӡȰ
Ǻǣã㾿ƽʲôЦһѻ˹
˵Ҳ޷޷ҪΪү˫޵£ʹүΪ죬Ρ˵
գֱסˣðŷӦãҪ˵ġ
Сûк˵С˴ģСҲүȡҡҡͷش
ԭǾҲǲģЦһ˵
ؽ㣬ĪҪҼүСıү޹ءҡͷϵҽ͡
ã˵ѹеŭ𣬶ķֻһ롣
֪٣ռмꣿ̶ʵ
ʮ꣬ռҲжپʮ֮áûзϣм԰ռǧԪ֮Уֻռ֮һ㹻ʱȥռܹڣӵΪѰſɱȣ
СýʮаˣүҲʮռһѣΪΣ˵
ܣǣô֮죿羪ȵ˵ʮҲǼ֮веˡͩӶỹ⣬ôҲٶȣ
ߣѾˣʮڣүܵǶվż۷壬֮ڣܽռ϶˵òһ꣡ؾջ٣رǻԪ֮ʥȲþ֥ԵʤԪ೤Ӱ
⣬ôܣ֣ڹؼңӵλռǿȻףҪΪռǿǶôĲףԼȻ԰ԼܹռҲǲܳɹҲǧܹ֮㹻ռô׳ǹؼҲǧҲһ˳ɹ
ǰôܣСõĳȽ㻹ҪһгǿĲհ˼ΪСԭΪܹ֮ʣռɹѾ㲻ˣ˭񲻹ʱѾﵽĿꡣ̾
ѵΪӣޱȺʵǧС㣬ȻΪԽߣԽܹؼ֮ѼΪؼҵռǿԪֻ֧࣬Źؼʱ䡣ʱ֮ڣؼûµռǿ߳ؼұȻţ䱻ţѼңڷѼҵıӻ֮£ǧ꣬ؼһϣ
֮еĴȷԼ֮ڣ޷ͻռֻ¼޷ѼңͻռѼҵľͲ
֮зָһУŮ̧֮λŮһ˳λޡһ˳λŮڻԼ֮ڣΪͻƣǾͿˣӵоԵȨҪ֮⣬ͱΪĶ֧һĴڣǾɵڶ˳λŮɻԼ
ؼҺͷѼļ壬ֻҪӵܳΪռǾʹŴܹ̣Ϊ֣صԼ˱ڲʥǿ壬ҪȻһ㡣
С۴ʿУʵڰ˰ڲ³Ϊƿ˵ǿߣĶǡѡ֡
ûҼү˫ط⣬ʺ˫طʱҲһҲûв˼Ϊ˫ŮӡͨͬǬ֮һʱп֮
ͩȴ֪һ㣬ΪЩûоҲ䱦ͩǬ֮ʵһΣΪͩѾ˱Դ飬ղ˶С棬û̫Ĺϵ䱦һûпѰ䣬˵ˣҲڳ˯ָ֮Сʱѵġ
üͷҪֲܾ˼ܾ֮֮飬ºѻ尡
ѩһתɣؽǱǣӦҲûϵסɡ
õġˣһüͷչ˿

ҡͩҪ˵գͩñ֮͵˿С
ͩ漴ؿ˲ʧɵôһռԺɳ񲻸ˣ
ſеĲãҲһʵүǡ
ѾˣҪռ䣬ɲô׵ģҵķֻýˡͩҡҡͷ̾
ãˡȥͩ˫޽ϣָͩΪ
˿̱Ѿ˿ռؾռ䵹˴룬ɣ䱦ݻ١
ĽǶȿԿڱ˷ˢţÿһγˢűһʡ
үڽռͩϣʵ
ѵõĺûᣬһôĲϽȥƾһ֮ǧҲȫϴɾһν֮԰ڶʱڣʹñʸӻȻһ壬ǿ󡣡ֳͩһش
ү쿴ʲôַָһ˵˿֮ͩУȴûж󲿷ڰԪָͩʵϣڶ˵ķһֱ۷״̬ܷĹˡ֮У˸Ű׹ĳ
ͩϸһƣһ˵ǾȻͩٿű׷˹ȥռˢﶼһƶ֮ʱˢ
һʱ䣬ͩϵ˵طʱҪռɡ
ͩ׶ӡһȫķʧоͩʧٶȣϽǱͩڣͬʱȫĵת޼˵ķָٶȼӿʮ
뱦˲䱻Ȼռĵ֮УϢȥˡ
ͩ߷ͬʱҲ˲ٿռ±ڲѹͩʹűŬɿռСֱΪã󲿷ȴڲʧصʱ򣬱ǿűԴȥ
ͩһһ̫ðˣҺԼƵԭƳʱҪǿö࣬رǿűԴ飬Ȼǰ


138  ݡ
һں߷Ҳ֪ЩʲôͻȻܵһǿҵĵ𣬿ɵûгãʧˡȻԵظоΧࡣ
ˣɹˣͩһϲڿռ֮ĿѾɣʱ뿪ˣٲ뿪Ļһռ籩٣ľͱˡ
ͩѾˣǿҵĿռ֮Уܱ֤İȫϿռ籩ǽɾδ֪ˡ
ߴǧı˲СΪһ׵ڵλͩռλͨ֮Уݡ֮ͨԶ˸꣬ʼ
еʯʼһһɢͨͩĵ
ʱͷ·һ߾ܵɴһ㣬ͩ䵱ɴĴͼܣ䵱ݡ
ҪʾΪͩ뱦Ǳڿռͨ򿪵һɲǣͩѾ֪ˡ
ռͨڳͣˣǻط½ඡͩޱߵ˵·ܱ߿µĿռҿռһУֻģ湻ˣ׼ȥˡ
֣үǻؼඡܹͩڵĺ飬ڿռĩ֮ᵽĴֱڵߡռʿ͸ڻҿռ̸֮Цľ˭ܹеġ
Էɾ׵ͩеİ㽫ԼڻûĸŮ˲ϣԼһصӢۺܣͩȫеǷ
ܹƬռ֮бְȻֻʥ򼶱ϵʿܹռҲѰ쵽
ȻռѾܹգ֮ΣǲµĻҿռ䣬ƽöռ䡣

ͩȴռͨ򿪵ʱһɫĹâͬһʯһ㳯ͩײ
ͩͬʱⳡ棬ǲҶΪռͨڴ򿪣һλѾ߰˷ֵĿռͨͻͻ˷ǧƷʯƷʯṩľ޶
ͩҿɾڵġ
һͩԱӽǣԶڽӽĶһơͩһȻһף
˶һۡͩһ㣬㴦һţ˲һӡͩķһȥ׾ȻܹϧڹԺͩӳ֮£ױ˱¯ռ֮С
ү쿴ۼؿ˼ԶǿֲĿռ籩Լ籩֮Ǹߴٶ๫ˣ׷׷ɶݵķ
ͩˣҿռ֮ܿһˣſռ籩УҲ̫ǿһЩ
ڴʱռͨȫͩһ˲˽ȥ
ɶ񣡲Ҫҵ㣡Ҫ˺㣡ɢѾķ롣
ͩ͹綼Ȼܹ͸ͬʱ̺֮֮ǰڶϸܵһЩֻҪöࡣ
ͩһۣĿ¶Ȼ
񣡡ͩͬ˵
˲һƬϤĻĮ֮УͩȲóƷʯ˲ȼգһһʹˡݡͨһδռûô鷳ҪȴռͨˡΪͬλĿռ䴩󣬲λĿռ䴩
һζգʧ١
ʧɲǼ䣬ǿռȻȻ飬һߴٶ๫˳ϸѰһɳĮԶĵطɨ½ҲҲκεĺۼ
˭˭ŭֻһ͵õǼףͻȻռ籩˿̶Ѿˣɽȴ˰;ٺˣβҧгݣ
ƲסţӰ½ĿռԭԵôö֣࣬ţӰԶġ
Ȼ䣬һӰһԴϣ˴ſ¡ͬԱ
ҺһҲָһЩˣϽػص쳯ʥϣͶӰ
Υҵĵ̷Ҫٵ½𣿡ŭ˵ǳ꣬飿
С񲻸ңСϷ˿ΪǴڷĹϽ֮£һ㵼·½ռֻǼ꣬˵ֻǴʱ䣬㲻ʲôطĵǼɱףֻһõˣƫƫˡƵҲ֪ʲôıŶߣƫƫҲˡڱ꣬ҲҲˣƵֻѪ
˿̻ԺӦûܹѱûɱ֮ˣһǳǿҵԤУ˵¾ûķˡѣܹıʲôʹ֮£ɱϢ

ڴͬʱͩ͹Ʒʯͬλ洩ʱǿƽڴֳ֮֮ͩñգռںϡ
Ҳұ֤ǷѲ鷶Χұ֤ʶܷ񿴵ôء
үΪʲôˣʵȻ֪ٴҲᴫȥʶزҴ˵Ķͨͨؿ
Уڴռʱпռ䲨ģǸոճ˲䲻±֣춯϶ڰȫͩҡҡͷ˵Ҳ񾿾жΧ
֣жپһ̼岻ɵ¶ԽԽŵÿ
һʱȥˣͩſʼⱦΧĻ
ͩɵһ£ǿľȻһƬޱߵĺ˶һۣ
漴ƽڲʱ򣬶Ƕ׷
һתۣȥˣͩһ
ȥϴɡͩЦؿڵΣһ䣬˼ͬʱ¥ԱߵСС
үô죿ﲻԼ˵һλ൱Σյ顣
صģһֱڱҲ뿴ʵûб¶ֻԺǵΪûгɳ֮ǰⱦ˶֮ǲ¶ˡͩ侲˵


139  
¥˳еˣرͩʶؽ˳漴Ӧ˹ԼʲôǶں
ؽ㣬ҪҪһϴ󷽵˰ˮܽһ̬ΪŮӵĹҲɵñĿ⡣
練Ӧ˹ˣϴɡ
Ǻǡؽ㺦ˡ
ˣǰô£תƻ
ּӴָȡѸٵشϣŹ߽¥˵ŶûʲôǻʱһλǵıҪǿᣬ˳Ҳ֪ˣؽҪһùˡ
ɵȻڹ绹ԼˣܰԼ˼񱦱׷ɱʵ߹硣
ǱˣֻһͷĿѣ˵ѾǸ߸ϣ߲ʵΰˣؼʢʱҲλͬʱ壬ؼǧʷûгһλǰλȴռһλ
Ļɵðһߵã㵱ҹʲôˣ壬ˣֻȫ𣿴˾һΰˣʲôף˵ѹеľ֮󣬷ӿ޵ľ塣ӳˣ
Ӧǰɣȷĵشһص˵Ȼ˵
粻ɵø࿴ռСʿȻܹѣҪı°
ðɣ죬Ҿͽүϵļǳװȫ֮ǰ¾Ͳ뿪ˡǸ˵
ףңҲôġȷʵǳǵϾʶã㲻˽⡣ֱϵ£Ƕ˵һʿɱڡ
ͩϴһֽ֮˿ңעŵǼõϡͩ͸ʶ̽뵽ϣϸһơ
ɱ⣬⾹Ȼһɱͩǳ⣬ǳȣרҵ۹֣һһɱ
䱦ˣͩкڳ˯е䱦
ɶ£Щء䱦ӳ˯ѹʵ
㿴ͩһָ·һ͸ľӣܹǼڻ֮еס
ףɱķװ䱦˵ʶ̽ȥ
õġͩ˳ȥͨ̽С䱦Ҳͩʶ̽档
Ȼ䣬һǿʶ˳
죬ջֱӶϵ䱦ֵغе
ͩķӦ죬ʶֵɲǼ䣬͹ⲿΪн䱸ûг¡
һɱȴǳԶֱ֮ʣӦǺǿƳġǹʶȻһĲл꣬ˡ䱦˵
ͩˣʶؾ뵽ؾռ֮гɱԼؾռǰҽСϲɱ³ɱ֮һѾ֮֡
ܹƳɱӦò̫СǡԼ˽̫ˡ嶼ɱ֮ǿأ
հɣȡ˿֮л𡣡䱦ҡҡͷ˵ҲоʱȷŰɡ
Ҳաͩ漴䣬׷ŵ¯ռײ㣬ӡУҹգĥ˿лꡣ˵ʵڵģΪɱףǵһλҲֵˣ

ͩ»صȻռ䣬˷ˣŵ¥Ժİϡ
үԵ㶫ɣЩӣҲ۵ˡͩ£ȻͩĦ
ͩҲֵһһ߳ԶţǰǶչأһЩľջ񡣶ˣıƲϹ𣿡
ˮ޽ǲģһͬ𽣵ǿơ֮ԼҾв٣֮Ҳؾ֮ҵǧţ̫ҲһǧţʣµһЩҲͬȫҴ𽣡˵
ţܺãҪҰæ𣿡ͩʵ
ҪˣԼˡЦЦ˵ЩϾ֮ʱһֱоƣʵѣҪǷĿ¼ѣ÷ɡ޼ﵹûз󣬿ͩȴ󷨣ֻҪһϸĽߣֻ֮Ҫƾˡ
ˣڴ֮ǰүӦ˰ؽļѵ
ãףоϣҾȿһЩֻ걾֮ǾܹӿΪˡͩصػشס֮ʱһҪרģ÷ˡ
үıǡشһϲá

˷ȥȥˣͩصذϽ¯
ͩȥҹ硣
¥Ŀ֮Уͩ˵ع׼նĽʹڱĲл飬
׼ˣʱԡ϶صͷӦ
ãʱڰĲƺ㡣ͩ˵뿪ˡ
Ĳƺͩʼ󷨣ͬʱϸزһ¼¼ڡ¼еͨһնڶնǰն
һ׽ǳɱ󣬿ȴҪնննܡﲻնӶĲ潣ǻ۽
֮ͩҪϰ׽ֻΪ˹磬ΪԼİȫһףȻʱ˳ɱϾպȻλպ󡱺ĥʱͩѾɳΪǿ󣬻֮ͻᵹùλ
ͩϰҲҪնһ˿΢ϵպײˣֻҪԼ¶ţͲбֵΣա
ҪСһν֮նһײϣλȻиӦͩεٺҲ϶
Ȼ¡ͩ̾⽣ͽʽǷǳ򵥣ҪĪǻۣܻӳն֮
ͩΪṩһҪһսʱûõģҲֻ£ܴݲãֲĲ㡣


140  ں
ʱͩģΡ
վ⣬Ҫܣһǹӵǻ۽ͩ˵ڴ֮ǰһ
ͩȷʵǳǿ󣬶̶ʱѾԵһ
ʲôҲֻվԭأȴšֻ֮УָͩƺڻһָظĶùһҲҲס
һȻ䣬
նǰ򣡡ͩͻȻһȣָӳκЧҲûУɻ֮ʣ۾͵һŵؿǰһĻ
Ǳ鲼Բ׵󷨣ŽŸƷʯɾ˲䣬ЩƷʯȫҶȥȻƷʯһաҪ֪һŸƷʯĻһһţҲҪüϡοٶȣҲﲻһһŸƷʯһһŻࡣ
ͨͨһָôΪʲôʲôЧҲأɻ󲻽⣬Ѿ֪Χ
ͩЦ˳һӳȻܹоһ˿ƺһʯʱоһɡ
Զ磬֮Уڴ˵ĿǱޣȻ˫ۣһɻƺоһ˿ʲôˣϸȥ룬ָоôƮ죬ɻ󲻽⡣
ܺãһȻЧ̫ˡͩ˵ͷҡҡͷͷΪǳһЧҡͷΪһƷʯһ˵һ׵ܻһһνؾһʺƣͩľ޷ôӽˡ
ͩóһŸƷʯ
ˣҸղһ£ȻЧֵˡͩ󷨣Թ˵
նƽͩһӵñ֮ǰ˳һӳ֮һŸƷʯǧţǧŻҶȥ
ˣ뱾ϵѾˣԺˡͩһ֣ʣµǧŸƷʯȻһȸղһĵҪһϡ
˿Ҳ˵ϲꡣܵ˵ѹİˡ

ؼլ֮УҪĽ֮һڲؾͲر֮У֮Уÿ춼רֵڣֵڵĹؼҵӣͻȻһѿϽ鿴һ£ȴȻǹؼҴСġ
ˣ߳ϣСĻˡӸϽ㱨ػһλؼҳϡ
߳ɫһ֮࣬ϸؼһ̾һȻûӳˣֵڰɣһϱġ
ѾͷĻˣѾ߳ôѶؼҼ̸
¥ܹӳö֥Ѿ㲻֮еĴˡؾеʿʤ׼ҪյϢŵҲ棬ߣ϶Ҹ۰ɡؼҼֵѹһ㣬ɱϾ׼һŮ϶һгϢĶӣһҲ
ǷѼҵĻԼô죿ܲѾͷϰɣ߳ϳĬһʵ
϶ܣڣǹغҹؼ֮δǴӶܵŮѡһɫ汸Ůɣȥ˵ͲòˣöѾͷӰСؼҼݺݵط
ǣ߳Ϲػش
䣬Ӱ컹൱ԶģرϵõļܵáԼؼҵս𶼵ýһ

һξ͹˰£ͨӶᣬͩ˽⵽ԼεˣﾹȻ쳯Զں
ں쳯ڣȴ쳯Ķ߽磬߳ں֮󣬾Ͳ쳯ˡ
쳯ϱһӴţΪÿһһ֮ǰ񼶱쳯½ǿʷҲ½ƾõһڣַڷػ½ĻأͬʱҲΪǿߵһء
ǿ쳯ʢ嫵ĽͩҲ벻ȻӴ½ֱӴռ֪ڹ֮ں
ںӴ쳯Ŀû֮һʮǿô󣡲½ȴ쳯Сһų϶ǹޱߵĺԼֲɢ޷ĵ죬ЩƽĴ½Сֻмƽס
ںƽĴа˸֮࣬ԴһЩٸһЩ֮ޡ
ͩӶõںĵͼȻҲӶֻ䡣
ţһ൱ĵطԲụ̂ȷʵһ൱÷ĵطͩͨͨӶ磬λԼڵ׼ȷҵԼڵķλǣͩλĸ½봦
ںҲ൱ΣգںͳηΧɺȴ޵ͳа񼶱޴ڣһӴ󵽼ľޡ
ΪƵ޸ϵҪϲϵĸʿ϶󹺡ǰ޵޾ںҲʱʱسС
Դ쳯ôۣɱ쳯֮ĵطʵ̫ḻḻ
ͩҡҡͷɴԭͣһ£ȵһºͩȷλû׷֮żԦűֳطšϣҵһŵĵ죬һ·ͩʶ֮ǰʶ࣬Уһͩһֻߴǧʥ򼶱ޣӺ̧ͷһڳһȺռķޡ
⣬ʲôطʵ̫Σˡ˿̴һ¥˳¥ģרùסġΪһֱͩһסͬһ¥ʵ̫ˡеʱǲֳϣʱͩ󻶣ùޱҲˡ
˿ͩںߵϣñֳľ󣬷ֳ˳ʶٿűΪ΢ıֻҪСһЩΣʱֱգһǲµġ
Ϊڱ֮УûϢй¶ģЩҲһ΢֮ನ
ЩʱʱҲĿƵĳʵ̲סˣſͩ


141  
ںͩ˵
ں˵Щǲˣϸػһ֮ȵʵ⣬쳯
ʱҲʮ⡣ͩͷӦ
ͨ˵ȶռһΪԼϼռʿҪԺɳҪɣ漴˵ͩŶʮ겻üֱ񻰡
Ƭʵ̫һŵĻĵҲšͩҡҡͷ̾
Ծٷţһɾͷ꣡
ͩٿɵõһΣҲûкô꣬ͩûȴڲ
ջᡣͩȻĴӵߣɲͩ˽˵ף˽ֶ֮ݻ֮컯֮ͩΪͬɳ׳ͬ˱Ҳܹ֮ͩ
ָĲĹЧЧ֮ġ롰ͺѧһѧʽĹЧģʽݻģȴȥо
ͩھڲЩͨݻݱԴ
֮УͩҲԱʶԽԽ˵ͩڿĸӰ񣬱ʾűʮ֮Ӱ
ͩǰչĻеƼɴϵ״ʵϾָ̽Ӱһֱʽ

һҲͬƵļӸּ߳Ĳƾնܶ඼طݻ֮µһַ֡еֻͨеȥطͨԶֶ֮θԸֱ߳ӽȡؾ컯ԴȻݻݻ
ܹ̽鵽ʮ֮ΣǷ״طһͨ״ͨƳɡͩ컯Ȼԭеļطͨơ󷨡ߡеȵȽǴ̺ﶼеҲǵĻ
ѹ֣һһ磬һҶһ˵գͩˣеĸɵİ˳ѵ
ͩõ˾ҵı仯
⣬⣬⡭ôܣ䱦ӳ˯֮бѹ漴һСȵ˵Ǵ޽ɿɼȻһССĽᵤʿﵽˣ
ͩ˿һ֣ұ۷о
ã䱦ȹ󣬲Ȼеͩ
һ̺䱦ȫĴȣֿͩµľоѡ
ͩѹ֮󣬺Ȼǰһڣزѡ
ԭڿзеıҲ˶䵽У沨
ɵؿͩƺʲôشزмֲ֪롣æ˹ȥϸһ飬ɫһ䡣⣬ô£úõģôܴأ
ֻ˹ͩסشӦ
ܹͩĻ䱦Ǯ䱦ǮԱԴͩˡ
ȥˣͩ˹Ӧ˵ʶʶѹ
ͩоԼʵ䱦ô£
ô£Ҳ֪ÿãǸáѾģɣȻϣ볬Ѵ̫ǿˣһССĽᵤʿ͸ΪһͭǮס걾ԴҰѾɢɻˡ䱦˵˶ѣǻʲôУСֲЩûгʶСɢޣô˷
ͩͷһ룬ǰɵһ־ͻȻһˡѹ˵֮;֡ȻˣڼҲ̣˵ˡ
һʵ̫³çˣԼõĴ֮Уйⷽע;档ȴû뵽ԼȻܹͻȻ䱦Ǯ꣬䱦֮齫ԼѣԼ϶군
汾Դʲôܽȥûǿ޽ɵͻᱻͬҷ
һкջ񣿡䱦һתʵ
Ȼϣջ񲻶࣬ȴΪУΪСͩϸһش
ǲЩϧûһƿһ򣿡䱦ʵ
ûʲôϧģ޵ɣҾǷ򣬷ңҪϧͩ˵
ãȻԳȻѹͻȻϲˣõ;ӴɻѶɵ䱦ϲֵ˵һ򣬵ȼ𣬹ɣ˵־ѡͩȻﲻ˵ĳ̶ȣȴҲ̤ϡ˵ż

ɱȳѣΪ־ѣֻССĿ飬Ϊ˵
Ϊ˵һһ
￪ʼˡǾ񲽲ǰáһֵ
ҲǴ￪ʼ޼Ҫɣ⡰ںηʲôȻ١һȥУܴ
һ˵˵һӾܹ򡰵֮ȫòˣǹпһһһĿꡣ
ԣɱԽԽĿͷϣܹߣԼĿͷʱȻҪһЩ̫·
ߣ׺ѣ֮󣬽᫡ɣ
ҪеķȻںϳһһ֮񣬱֮Ļȥʱ򣬾ͻȳ֮ǰӼѡҪзǺεѣʳȻǷѳӣ汾Դƫؾ
ߣε򷨣Уܷ֮طԿɲ򣬸ңԳȻԳѳӣдǻۣˡȴ֮ɱ֮;У仯ңǧزεյûʶɵл֮ɵ֮
ɶ޵֮·ѷӡ
أ֮·֣סͩûаֽһܴȻû˵ԴҪȫָҲһ鷳°
Ǻǣ޷㲻˫޵޼֮ݻָ֮ˡ䱦ȴǳѵ


142  𽣳
Ҳԣ֮Ը޼ޱ֮١ͩҲȷʵᵽ޼ĺôˣûŴڷؾ֮ʱԼͻˡ
ף߾ȻһҶ֮ҳ˯֮ʱ˲ٺ°䱦Ц˵
ҶԭˡͩɻȻʲôȻˡ
ˣҲʱˣҼ˯һΰ㣬˲٣Ҳ֪Ҫ˯òָܻǵöһЩĵرҡ䱦˵վͼ˯ˡ
ͩҲӻѹ
˿̣¥Ĵϣ͹һǵһغţۣ۾ҲЩס
үˡͩ˹ϲϲؽе
ҲһͷһʯҲмϲ
ˣҪˣⲻûȻһ࣬һҵջҲСͩЦ˳
Ŷûжȴֹסᡣ
һ˶ã㲻𣿡ͩʵ
ĸ£ҵĽѾɣ֮ʱ֪ͻȻԡʵش
벻ҾȻôãͩҲΪ⡣
䣬ͩϵ˱ȴִ˿̱һ̲ϣܺĴ漴ĸ沨Ҳ֪ôģƮ
٣˼һ֮ǰҲûҵһ֮أڲҾ͵ˡͩ̾
үôͻȻأǲܴûа취ָҲһ֮ˣȻ֪һʿͻȻԵԭֻܴµĳ˯
ûʲô֮ǰͻȻȴΪΪ̫ܴû˵ԴҪһʱ֮ҪæŶͩ鲻ɵмḡ
̵ͩʱˣ˴֮ҲһЩĬͩлһˣϸһ룬ܰʲôæ뵽һмֺ漴˹һۣһת
ˣʲô˵ͩһһӰǰ
֮ĳֳһСֻƽСһƬ֣вٵͼޣһȥ൱ͨĵ졣
ԵΪģ̽鷶ΧڲǧһЩСһĵ죬֮ʱȻһƬ󵽼ʮȴȻʡ
ͩɫһô£ôôһ֪ʮ֮
͹Ҳɵӣͬ⣬Լͬͩ
ʲôֲܵģʱ˵ҲҪʱǱޣʱ˵ɡͩε˵

һ£ͩѾȫжˣϵĴҲ߰˰ˣʣµȴҪһʱȫָԪ
ͩСϣѰһ鲻Ŀյأʼķ𽣣Ҫ赽ٲ̫ǿ𽣺ܱܿݻ٣ͩһ󷨣ʹ
ҲһͬĵʵүΪβѹؽҲг
ɣһǵĺܣ⴫ͩҡҡͷ˵֪һ׽֮Ĵ󣬿Ĵ
ðɡӦ
ˣѽŽ֮УʣµľͿˡͩ˵
ţƵ𽣷Ž֮У˳
ͩ󷨣ٹȻˡ٣ʼ𽣡Ȼֱ׽٣ֻлٽ٣Ҫʱ࣬ϾֻҪٽ̺֮֮֮ȫڣݻͨ豦Դ
ͩվԶۿȴڰձ֮ƣԴ֮Ϊƣݻ񽣷Ҳ˶ѣ֮󣬽ٻȥ
һռѷ֣ˮ֮Դͻ֮ԴһԴ֮С񽣱ʮ໥ںϣ񽣿ʼҵı仯覵ĽȼһɫĻ档
ݻĴͨǬ棡ˮ֮һźͨıֻеһ㣬ȵ˽һǬӳܹ൱£
һУջƳ񽣣뵤
ȻǬ棬һȷʵǳɹͩ˵
ллүİҪչһʱ䣬Ѵ˽ΪϲӦ
Ҳã߰ɡͩ˵գ˱ѱգһ
ص¥ȥչȥˣͩǳ׳һЩ֮
ƳȴǲͩһİƷһƷ鱦Ϊ֮󣬻ܹϣڳ֮󣬾ͱͩɱ
ڿռϵǿͨĻƴɱҪڵǿʮϣ
һռʿҲ䵱һѹ¯ռеף𽣵ƷѾƵɱֻзƲûȫݻȫԲõȵ֮ʱȫɱպȴǲҪˡ

ڵһƵʱ򣬻ѵĲϣ˵ѷɫ֮ʱҪ٣Ҫһεõ˷ؾķ屦أҪƳ롣֮һֲѷɫڴ̥ıһǴ֮һǻ֮ͬı˽֮ӽȥǧţĵڶ㣬ռ֮Ҳɼһա
֮ĺռ䣬ֿͩռȴһռһǸݻֿͬռ䣬ʮѵãк˱պ·
ˣͩһηؾ֮еջڶ̶̼ھͻӻһգʮؿ⣬Ĳϣ½ʣǧ֮һ
һһصǰĸо
һ͵ķвġպ󳹵׳֮󣬿ɹأɱܿߣɷӡ൱ȫ档
𽣣ͻڹ棬Եòˡ
ԣպ׼ֻͩҪר㹻ˡ
ͩɵ֮Ѿ˳Σ֮Ҳвѡ񣬶Ϊ
ռ䣬ֳͩһƷƽ𼶱ɢ磬ĬĬĵʽһʽľ


143  ת۶ʮ
ʮʽͨһֱ֮󣬴˵̫ѧǴ̫彣һմ
ԣ˽֮⣬ͩתȥϰ֮ƽѾ޳ɣԴΪϰһֹӰ򽣾
һֻ֮ӰǧɱأĻһ׽ȴǲֽʽֻʵ
ĸ磬һ磬Ӱʮ档
ڶ磬Ӱٽ档
磬Ӱǧ档
ĸ磬Ӱ档
˼飬һ֮Уһִ֮Уֻʮɱÿһɱ൱һͬȾ£һڰ֮⣬ɱͬʿ鱦ǣʮɱĽ⣬ȴǽ⶯κһӰܻΪ潣ǳԻڳ֮ǰ㹻ˡ
һ׽սͨһԶ̤֮鲽ǿһǿĻսףԼΪƣͩʵԿƻǿ
ͩѾֶ֮٣һ·ûǿĻ֮Լǿĳɵ֮Ǹ߲ȥġ
ͩڵΪԪȣܹԦʽѾ൱ǿˣܵ˵ΪһЩܹԪӤڣǱǰٱ֮£ǰʽɼԦʽҲǿʹʵֹٱ
ʱһξȥˣͩĵʽ˵ʽȴΪ㣬ûȥֹӰ򽣾ҲӰ彣֮Ȼûȫʮ棬Ҳ㹻ͩݺˡ
Ͼ֮ʱͩ¼һϽ¯鱦¯ӣѾлָļˡͩΪˣصɽǷ¼֮Уǧ֮һĴ˫ƶɡΪϵȱʧֻ졣
ƽ֮ã۽˽֮˫ϲܱ
һԱƳ֮󣬾ϵȷԶʱʵ̫࣬øһƷԾȷ֣Ǿ䷨ƷʻΪͨеȷϵȷ
鱦Ϊͨ鱦е鱦ϵ鱦ͨ鱦
Ϊ󲿷ַ˶ԼƣǵƷõӵһĿɽԣҲԶ֮ı׵һص㡣
ȻȶԣÿһĽޣһӵ޵Ľԡ

ǳɹ𽣣ΪԼıΪ𽣲ͩһǲȱķѶҪöࡣ
صҲܹܵõԼøǿȻնΪռʿУվżʿоҲնɱ
صĶСͩڸͩĹ粻Լͬͣ
߳˱չңϵѹʱʱ˺һѹ
үҳɹˡߵͩǰĵػ㱨
ţܺáͩҲЦݵس޵
ͩĿ϶ȴǱɹҪеϲá
ϲ㣬ãʵŶҲ񣬶̶ʱ䣬ʲôԭʹǰˡ
ллؽ㣬ʵؽӦÿһСõ顣ڵ٩
İɣҾͲߵˡתƻⲢˣصԶԼ¥СĸλͨͨţҲмַȡ
һֱˣûбչͩҲһ˵ͷ̧ͷദʱ䡣ͩǱֵ÷ǳ̹ΪԹȷʵûʲôǷ֮룬ȴΪ֪ԵŮӷǳ͡
ȴΪ֮ǰһ̹ףټϼѹһȥʹԭͶͩĻж˼֡Ҳʼעͩһһ˵ͩҲȷʵͩ׿ķ۷
һοͩʱ򣬸оֻһǾǡƽദ֮󣬲˽⵽ƽ£ô׿ɡΪʲô欶ӢˬľҲ᳹۷ͩı۰֮¡
ԼòҲмź԰ģʱòǧڷȷʵѷɫ֡
ͩȷʵˣ㲻ں
ŵǿ߷ɣѾͩȻֻռΪϣȴǲЩ߸ʥǿߺͰǿߡ
һ׼˽ᣬ֮ǰ˵ΪһֱѹնΪͩҪȵı֮

ͩںƱߣ˼ֵʳȪò˵ͩʵ̫ˡ
ʮͩչ
ʿԪ̺Ԫʳһ൱ռʿһǧԪ
ȶԣռռʥ򼶶Ч̺Ԫ񱡷񱩣Ȼʳ֥һԵΪС磬ȴܹͬΪĹЧֻṉ̀Ƚϻˡ
ͩˣʳһţԶ˫طĻ̻Ѹ١
һö൱ռʿһǧԪָͨʿͩ˾תԪͨʿһǧԪᴿ֮󣬻ֻ൱ڶһˡ
ûа취ۼԪȣ˵ԪͬɱʥʿԪȡԪϲ̫Զˡ
һöռʿʳ֮Ҫʮʮ꣬ȡǧ޵ԪԻ㵽㡣˵ռռʿʥƷ󣡵һȱ㣬ǾֻܻԪͻƿʮˡ
ͩˣһöֻҪ꣬˫޵ĻֻҪ¾㹻ˡ
ң֮ʱ֮⣬öƷʯóɾ󷨣ݳ޵û㹻ʱǲܰõġ
öööö
һꡢꡢꡢꡭ
תۼʮȥˡ
ռʿԶеôףӵʥͩˣҲúԴ㹻ʱ
ͩЩѹԴΪ˻ôԴϧðմؾΪ֧Լ衣
չͩԣͩĳ죬ͩϣһѹڣԪˣͬʱȫëҲڷϵѹжϣ˶Ѿﵽհ˼ڳռһؿ


144  վż۷
ϵѹͩͬʱѹ
һ㡣Ƶ̾
Ǳչضˣͩչ֮ʵǵģһչؾһֱרע
һۣԶ̨Ϸŵһ߼ϸһƣشȻжʮ֮ˣ⻹Ǳչõһΰ
ʮ꣬õһʮհ˼ٶʵ㲻Ͽ찡ͩ̾
ү˵ģʮ꣬ǾͿҪӽվżˣٶѾǳˣҵΪѾʦŶʮ꣬үڻʮ꣬ǻһǧŰٶԪԻӻռͻռǿԻǧ꣬ǧ갡ȵּҵʷˡԴѾǳˣʮհ˼ʲôģ㹻ԪϣʵǸߵɽ塣
ǳţҲʮȡĳɾ͡
ּңͩɫһ
һʱˣ˵ˣ֪ͩɻʣɵɫһףصǸүҴˣԺҲˡ㲻Ҫ𣿡
ߣҲգҴӦ㣬һڲȥ鷳һͩһǳƳˣּǰˡ
үòãܱܲɱ䣬ֻּȦȥΪΣϾּңʵڲļּҼ
ҲգҿԿǡͩһ£ȥΪȦøʹɣ
лүеΪ˲ͩЦһɢž˵סͩ漴ͩƵ˫ȶҵҡŬͨĥͩи
ŶѹֿУԽԽ죬ץסͩ˫֣໥գԽԽ죬ԽԽ衣
˻ССޡͩͻһַĸоرӾϵĳӾ޴
ǣүһ˵СޡСڽ֮ʱͨŵÿ⻹ù鹦֮ͩǰǶʱ䷢йԵĿ͵̡
ǰһŮǧС㣬ڵĴȻҲٲϣһŮİһˣΪԼ֮˶ıԼȷʵǳΰͲ˼顣

Ľڣ˴̹СҵĽûа˿⣬ȫĵͶ뵽Ů֮о֮Уǰİݻ֮֮ϡ
˶ûп˹ǾڶȫͶʱ򣬶˵Ԫϣǿѹһ˫ûͣȥȥ
һ̣˫Ķͣ˴˶ʵĸ߷֮ʱԪһ𣬵ڵĽһѹݱ䣬˵Ϊͬʱվż˳ͻվż֮󣬲ûֹͣΪȻǣһֱһ谭Żͣ
ϣ»ָʶ֮ȴԼȻͻһƿⲻò˵һ֮ĺ¡
ϸ˹һٸ죬Ϊȹ̣ʵûκ
ү޼ʵ̫ˣֿΪһα񼶹۷
ҲǣǵͼƷʯҪڵΪҲûѰʱɣͩ̾
ţпܡͷӦ
ҴӦӶ֮ڽռЩ̫ΪˣҪѡͩ̾
ǣүɾѾ뵽һ˰ɣŲͩûп޼þäĿشӦ
أҪͻһƿɾͲôˡͩҡҡͷʼͷʹνԪӤˡ
ͩһǧŰٶԪͻԪӤ൱ŵģҪʣµʮͻԪӤڣǿʮѵġ
ϾͩͻƵվż۷岻ãҪʱͻۣʱҪܴﵽĿꡣ
رͩڵΪԶͨվżʿͻƵѶȸ˼
ͨվż۷ʿͻռһʮ֮һļʣһЩ︨Ҳֻаٷ֮һļʣ͡
һʿ֮Уܳһռʿ

ͩȥԡϴ塣
ʵүô죿ʮͻռȷʵѶȣʮѶȡ
ҴƽӤһɵͻƼʣţټһЩҩܹƾĳɵͻƼʣټұĹ֮ҲͻԪӤĻۣɵļʣ߳ɣͩ˵
ţ߳Ѿ൱˲ˣ̾ڵأͻռļܹﵽɾѾߵļ¼ˣʦ棬ͣվżһǧ߰ٶ꣬һǧǰͻƹһΣʧܣһǧ꣬ڰʱʦѾذ֮ˡ
ţټǿ־Ӧûƽһɼʡͩҡҡͷ̾
Ŷ־Ҳͻмӳ𣿡⵹ǲô˽⡣
ͨȻУȴԣҪѰܹĥ־ĶطͩЦѾһεˣ˵֮־һЩͨʿڳ֮ǰ־ֻӰԼʵķӣȴͻƿļʡ
漴뵽˹磬ϸ˼һʵүҲܰ𣿡
ܣΪռͻʱֻãƽһɼʡͩҡҡͷ
ǣ滹һ¯үҪҪҲյУؽǶҶ֮ԪδʧԪӦÿƽһɼʰɣ˵
ѾͷҾ˵ʱǲڴˣͩһԴʵ
֪ߣүҲؽòүóؽһ൱Ůӡûзϡ
㻹ҵɫˣƯŮ˾ҪռУУѵͲԴףͩЦڹ̬ͩȰڵúȷʵЩ͹磬ǹľȷʵʮѵáͲҪӵУͩûôԵҲûôɫ
ʲôǿ߾Ҫǿߵķֻһˣʵ̫ˣҸû̺үңؽ㻹ܶүΪаѵүľûһ˫𣿡Ц˵һȻ
ͩˣֱۣһ


145  ƶĵ죿
ôش˵룬ǲ̫Ǹʲôˣ˵룬ǼֱΥġ
ͩԼȨûΤС޸ȷʵĽʼɹ
һͩı֪ˣƵ˵үͿİɣһѹؽ뷿С
治Դףͩŵʵ
үĿ֣ҵĿ֡סͩɫ˵⻰ĵķθ֮ԡֻҪԶүߵС檾㹻ˡ
ͩһʱ֮ҲҲʲô˵ˣ֮Ĺϵ൱ѵ˲Ů˲ͩһҵضжĸ
ڶ죬ͩȥͩ׼ȥˣͩ¥㿴ںߣա
ڿʲôأͩʵ
ӣףǳˣתͷ΢ЦŶͩ˵չضʮ꣬ռʿ˵һαչʮꡣ˻㣬ﵽվżˣ
ţǵġͩԼͷش
ðŴӾ֮лָŵ˵ʮ̶̵꣬Ķʮ꣬߼⣬ôܣŴ
ͩԭԹ絹ûɶǷ֮룬֮ٿʱҲмڴһ۹͹ͩòϣһ൱Ů˵ǽޣǹ֪Ժͳ죡

ͩЦЦشȷʵһЩ㲻Ҳͬǰһ𣿡Ҳͻһﵽ߼ѻָ
ǻöлҵһöˣռ鱦᲻ʲôΣˣЩƺ˺üΡѵ
ͩˣϸһ룬ױ𶯣ΪΪڲݻδɵķơ
Ӧû°ɣͩ䣬ĳͶӰ˳
ͩ͹翴һۣԼͬشһ¡
⣬ô£أɻޱȵʵ
ѽأͩҲͷԣʲôûУֻһƬãã󺣣ԭͩڱչ֮ǰΪ˰ȫѱͣڵϵһɽʯУȻա
ڱԭûжĵȴʧˡ
ͩ䣬ĳҲͶӰ˹֣ܱߵĵ첻ˣǺϵİҲʧˡ
ǺǣǴʲôͩЦһ
Ҳ֪Ǻ»ǻ¡總͵
ʵ̫ˣȻ治аһ麣ȻҲƾʧ
ڴʱζļ˹ͶӰ龰֮󣬿ʵôˣ
ȴһ۾Ϳ˿̾ȻҲվżɵþĽ˵ϲΪռ˿ҲǷǳغ棬Ǿôģôô졣ѵǷʳ˾֥֥ͷ£ҲͬʱͻƵվżɣȻ󣬿ɶͻƿЧɣ
⻹öҼүЯÿɲҾӹζسգգ۾
Ŷûʲôֻһ麣Ǳչʱʧˡ٣ڷǳȫͩʼ̾
Դ˲ģõĲȶŵʯϣкؽ㣬һԵɡ
á˼Ӧ̧˹һʯ£漴̧ͷһϵĲˣ޵ûһʦ
ͩ˹غһƣһڲˣ˵֪쾧Ϻݡ֥
˵ֻҩ鵤Լ֥ҩİļʷƾãȻҵ䣬ɻǱ˲ٵ伮ԹҪѧ鵤ռǿ߷ʳΪĵҩ൱ÿһγֶᱻռǿһաһ²ĵҩͬռʥǿߵĻӭرնʿ֥ҩһ޲˵ҩȶҪǰ߼ֵһЩͬǳ
Ŷԭˣ֪õأͩ΢Цʵ
ţֻҩĻںĴͷӦþ򵽣ҪȻҲʱֻ֡Ǽ۸ͨǧ׼ʯشЩҩ˵ϽҲѰֵֻʱڲܶ϶ѣ쳯ЩҩӦûȽϳ۸һЩԲǲ򵽵ļƷ
ȻòˡͩһķƽӤĲϣͩռһЩֻҲǽѰҵˣͩɳǴ˼궼ûҵ
ͩڵǱȽģҪԴܹ򵽣Сʵ൱ǿģռĵ̶Դḻĺõط

һٷ꣬ͩȥ˱ĺĿңʼѰǰʿ۾֮ص·Ź絽һȥˡ
ͩҪϣȻӶѸ١
ȷԼķλͩصس˱һΣӶ磬Լڵλý׼ȷλ׾ԼڵķλһµͼֻҪǧܹһ½죬Ϊֵں˴֮һ϶ʿ۾ڴˣ쾧Ϻݡ֥ҩӦò⡣
ͩص˱֮ڣűСһЩֵˡıڽ֮ٶȱȶʮǰ˶λйܣֻͩҪһɵʶԼֵܹУҪͩʱע
ͩʼӶѰơʧĺ򡱡ƶĵ족ϡ
ӶȻûͩʧܿͰԼҪҵˡ
׻úڵںƶһѰ˺ĵĵ촦󵽼ҩֻþڸǣԵ롣
ͩˣþҲ棬֪ҾͿˣԭΪֻһͨĵ죬һЩͼޣϳһЩҩĵͼҩ֮⣬ӲݡڿǸӲݣЩӲ˵ҩЩͼҲޣҩ飡ҩ֮żȻ֮飬֮󣬾ֲг
ˣǰװ˷Ѽҩ뱦ɽȴֶ飬ָо˲ˬ㡣ͩٺõ̬Ҳƿڴ漴ܿͻָ˹Ҳգ֮ңʧ֮
ͩϾһεʿǷʿܱȣ̬÷ǳ죬ɸӳʶ֮⡣


146  ֵ
¥͹ĵ죬ţѻһת
ؽҲͻƵ߼۷ˣǹϲˡ
ҪǰĻһǳġؽ¶һεЦݣռ߼һһһ궼пܣֻ˶ʮͻˣڼ֮УӦҲǰéˣǺλһȣʵ㲻ʲôһ»߳ɵҩء
ž֥ǻһ׬ء˵
ⲻͬնǾһ䡣м˵˵λԼΣһԼɣʱ˼ص
ؽ㣬ʮǰõ飬أ
ˣִٲز֪˵ʲôá
ʵүΪѾﵽռƿٹһӣͻռү̫ͻʱ߳ϵİգͻռͻ൱Σաѷ赣⣬֮Ҽү˫ޣ˻˫˫ͻռڻش
˻߳ϵİգһͻռ⣬ôܣ粻һ߳ϵĳɹѾ൱ˣ߳ɵİջ޷֤ȫ֪ͩĻжôۺˡң˫ܹͬʱͻռ˵
ڵΪ֤ݣҲǺү˫ޣȻһͻռġ˵ȻΪΪչ磬һЩţûһŮܹͩദһʱ֮󣬻ûбġ

ֻҪʿŮΪԶִ֮һҲʿ磬òĴؼռŮޣԸųΪռʥʿ檺͵¡
˵壬ӵǧƵ檣д󲿷ֶԸġռʿѾ˸߽ʿУӵгǧԪһǾ͵һ졣ռʿһڴǧţһ己ϢȦһ̳ưԣܽһУ͵ӵһɽԽԽ٣˰վԽߣ˰վ㹻һռʿһҹ
еȼ壬ռʿǶ֧ܹһĶмߵĵλܹѸٳΪĴˮ׼ĳд֮һ
ԣǳʵʵӵһСվżռֻһһ;˶֮ĵλر
˼ӶţΪռʿӶͲһۣǲȡʽˣ⣬ӶҲ׷
ʵϣųԱһ⣬ʣµһԪľҲﲻռֻʣ25ˣĥͻƵռȻŻᱻӶлȥʽ
ʥţҲôģ˽׶εѴͬܣҲ˲Ż֮£չһͩ

ԥ֪ˣæʵ֪ҪһͶϵˣǽ㣬ʳȥ֮󣬳˳Ϊռǿߵ֮⣬㻹ռʿ֮ҵүǶŮˣ֪ʿ൱п磬ȱΪǿߵļģֻǿ߲ܸһ
Ůռƣ׿ԽʵϣϲĶ֧֮УûһŮӣΪŮȱΪǿߵԣٷŮˣҲһˡ٣Ⱥ֮УΪ塣
Ůʿеͽʿ֮ռıزͣʿһЩֻͷ¶ĺ١󲿷ֶʿʿԼġĽȻһɢ޷ǳϡ١
ŮʿΪţҲеģȴǳϡ٣ҹ졣
ڵġľ֮ԱУԣΪֻоܼġһЩĸǲа
Ļ֮Ҳȷʵˣʮ겻µŮٶ꣬ҲٵطʶҪߵöࡣòϣռʿ֮УҲͩҪˡ뵽ͩҲȷʵмֶģŮԵ֣ҡڲ
һֱŹı仯һڵı飬Ѿ˴ˡ
ŶԭؽͶҼү˼ˣҲգҾȻȥˣԼ˼ɡ෻֮󣬾˵ټʱˣҪϸǰǹϵԼ£պڡΪ˵վ뿪˹¥
¹һĬĬ˼

صԼҵ¥㿴ͩڿ￴ǽϵһɻˮͼ
үôˣʵ
֣ͩ뻳У˸һŮ㣬ʼ˵׻ú顣
ҲЩƣ漴뵽ʲô̽еĿռָɫһתЦ˵Ǻǣүؽ黳ү뿴˵ѿռָ˹ȥſ˽ָķӡ
ͩ̽һƣָУڷżʮâɲݡ
⣬Щİͩȵ
٣ڲ󷨵ʱҰƯһʱͲһЩŽ˽ָУˡֱġüЦ
ȻԵߵ֮Ե֮ˡͩЦĶԼ
ͩϽóʮӡУЩɲݷ˽ȥ
ҩЧ
ҩЧԶ֮ҩֱ֮Ϊɲݻҩ൱
ȻеҩҲЧеɲݶ񷴶ûЧûоԵġ
ͺͨҩԼϰʹؼЧеҩռռЧϵҩʥЧҩ԰Ч
еʱЩϵҩֻжеͽ׵ʿЧԸ߽ʿûκЧ
֥ϵҩֻʥЧ
ţúܺãүҪúõؽ㣡ͩĵЦ
үҪʲôü۴Цʵ
Ҫʲôͩ󷽵ذѡȨø
ӻȥЦһ˼Ҫүʵ顣˵գͼͳͩ˶һںȥ
ʱһξһ룬ܹڱͶӰڣ½ˣֵҪˡ


147  ʹ
ͩˣԶ½֮ʱͩջշУֵȥ
ڷһ֮󣬲ŸһҾ޴󷫴ûдǴ
ͩɨ˹ȥʿ󲿷ֶռµĵͽʿֵͩȥܴܲ˳紬
ͷϵˮֳͩնϽˮ֪ͨ˴漴ӭ˹ȥ
μλǰӭǰ˱
⴬ʻֵģͩͷʵһؼʿ
ǰĻǰֵеһۿڡˮֻش
ڴʱһʿϵ˴ͷһͩˣͩ˵Ϊ֮Цݡ
λˣҶΪĴǿ״˹˾µһҿ˴λҶʼΪͩ˽ܱһЩͲռܹ
ҵҪ˳紬֪пյĿͲգɻܲƱͩЦݵʵ
λ̫ˣ֪λҪһֲңλΪԸŻݡҶЦǺǵкֻҪ鷳ľͺãȻԸǮƱǾǹ˿͡˵ˣĿĵҪˣҪȫۣԾǵˡ
ߵļ׵ȲհɣҪͩش
ţ׵Ȳգ׼ʯ۾ʮ׼ʯҶش
ͩӳǧƷʯҶĴ
λ롣ҶԴͩȥͲˡ
·ϣҶͩܿĵһһǿֺãһǿؽӽףߴ㣬һ·ȥ߱ġ
ͩ˽⵽ںһЩ
ʵֵĳҲǳ棬Ҷָһ²ʲôͲˡۿѾߵ˵㣬ͩʳʵ⡣
ǵǣȷʵҪСġֵȻĹϽΧ֮ΰ൱õġϽʮУһٶУԼСֵӴĸܵһЩҵ˾СҲΪĥҵ˾˾ǶڳҪ˼Ӱ죬Ҳû취Ҫǵ٣ǿɲںʲôӰ죬ǣõķǴ뿪Ҷ˵
ͩˣȻǿ󣬿ǳȻԼĹƶȣֻҪͲطϡҵ˾ͼƶ֮£ҲҪƶȣΪ˶Υ򣬿ƶ֮⣬ͺһȺڰåǿɲʲôƶȣǣȻֲ˺õġ
С쳯ķɭϣڵ϶Сģҵ˾ͼҪ˼ɡϵһ㣬ӵһΪС
ͩסһңԼסһҡҶǳһӦӦоУӿտ
үںݺΪʲôĿ˴ֻڲ֮У͸⿴ɻʵ
ǺǣҲҹƣݺָĿǰһֱڷţûޣɴ˿ɼԽӽ½أ߼޾Խ٣ֻбɱķݣﻹðϴֻ˵ˣ㲻ҪСҴҪǷսҲġͩǺε￴⴬һսߣǧʿƿصĻսս㲻޵Ķ֣ҲܰȻ

ϢһϣռʿȻԷУϾҪԪģдȻٺòˡ
ڶһ磬ͩز˯ŵĴŮϴԡ¡
ţүô磿̺㴩°ɡҲ˹Ͼռʿ˯ûϵ
ˣ˯ɣ̺Ҵ£һ̲סġͩڵ൱ЦŮɽϣఴš
ЦһǳģŮΪüݡ
ͩʰɾͳ˲ңҵһͨˮʵĶ
λضΪˮ֣Щȴַǳػشǰȥ
ã·ͩͷ
ӲһŵĲˮֹظȥ֮Увòͣͩȥһƣüһ󲿷ò͵˶ռʿǴò˵Ϊ֪Ǵϵĸ߼֮һ
һλһ£һλͳһװƯŮ˹
𾴵ĿˣԵʲôǲ˵
ͩӹһƣȫʦľƷҩţ۸񲻷ƣһ˶Ҫǧ׼ʯͨĴؼɢʿһٱ¾͵ûȫҡͩ˵ëëꡣ
ͩ˼µûгԹĲʽҪһߵơ
Сʱȫʽ½ꡣ
ͩûнһϸʣһΧ̸֮

ٰͩԵϢںлҲһŵʶ
ڴʱֱͩλõռʿ˶վżΪûá
˾õǴ̸ֲִֻ̫ڣͩƾʶǿһЩһ͵֮Ľ̸
´磬ʲô·ǵ˵˶Ӱ
ʲô֪˶ˣʲôܣ㱻Σ˵ˣǲõĴ֮𣿡Ϊ׵Ĵں˵
ˣʲôܣ㻹صذǼг
ཻжˣմ˵а˰̵꣬Ҳ˰ɣ
ȷʵˡ
λѣվżҲʱˣͻһϵռȥմ˵
´磬˵ƯռôͻƵĻȥˣο࿨վżôأ
λԪҲ˰ɣͻõĸƷ׼˶٣мɰգʿʵ
һɰնûС
ϵܣһɰվ͸͵Цˣ˵ʵɣаٷ֮һļʣҲԸƴˣҵԪҪͷˡ
ǰԪڼǧУۿҪͷˣ
λڻˣһϣһϢֵɽеأһվҪˡմЩ˵Ʋס˵


148  վ
վǴ˵УʳһӣͻռʣһһͻƼʵҩʿڵ
ʿ϶˵
˵ɽ˵֮ҵĵȥҩҿɲһ˷
ǰ񼶵Ĵܣܹǵġһλʿ͵
ϵܡϵ֪ˣ˺ִ˴ģ˶ľִ֣˾ԿվΪҵ۷ʿһͻΪĻᡣʿش
˻棬´磿ʿæʵ
ǧȷʿնػش
ǧѵõĻʿæ˵
ִ˹Ȼҵɢ֮񰡡˵λʱһЩؾɢһѰһԵĳȻǼٵġʿ޵
ʲôһ˵ͷصӢʿǻʼһվһ顣Ҵ÷ϢԲдʿ˵
ô˵ټҵȣΪඣʿ
λҲ֪ޣÿÿֻܷʳһΣЧԣǿԺȥѵõĻᡣҵϢÿ׼׼Խ֣Խ󡣡ʿͷӦ
ãҴӦˣҲӦͬ⣡

ͩûȥˣֱߵʳҲһƣһߺһš
벻ԣ˽һеȴϢվܹͻƼʣ⻹˯ͷúⰡ
ͩóߣϵӶ磬ܿͲ鵽վϢȻЧҹĶһĿ¼лۣһʮ׵㣬һʮ׵㡣
ͩĹ׵ֻʣ򲻵ܹ򵽵ĶҪҪĶͩҲɴཫЩ׵һվʯǼƷʯ
ף쾧Ϻݡ֥һ׵㣬һչǿԿǡͩҡҡͷù׵еĶʵڸоЩҪҲҪվмУӶ۵ҩŽõ
ãֻȥˡͩа¾
ͩ漴ʼ̽鱨Ӷṩ鱨д鱨˵ͩҪںͼ鱨ѵġһ鱨Ҫշѵģ˵һʵϸһЩδıںη
ͩһβ鱨շѵ鱨Ϊ黹ûй漰쳯ϲߡԣ鱨շٹ׵㡣
ͩ۾ҲգؽǮˣϸһƣԭ쳯ÿǧһδΧվӢţֻеͼʿ֮գһ֮󣬿̣һҲ󳬼͡鱨൱ϸһվг԰ŵһɸѡҪɸѡռһ㼶ľӢš
ʱʮ󣬵صɽ֮еĻħɽھһ̭ͩǿԿԼݣӶŪֱ볡ȯʡǰڷĿ

ļ죬ͩͱڴй䣬ϲĻվڴͷ羰˵ͩתһʸС
ԣԶ޴ĸۿڣ˵үеˡ
ͩ˵ͷ˵´֮һס֮أסһʱ䡣
Զ޴ĻɽĸۿڳУеĹģɳǻҪһȻΪ쳯󲻷
ʱ󣬿ʹˡ
ͩԼմӲĹһͬ˴һ߳ڳǳȥ
һ·ϣͩʶһ߶ĿƼУʽĽͨƵĴȺƵĳá԰ĳоͩһʱմĸо
ƯĳУ쳯Ȼͬ졣һ·ϴĳУɵóĵس޵ͳϽķΧڣԶԶﲻ̶ȣﻹϹʱһֱһ׶ʿһṹɡ
·ˣ÷ǳִΪͨԼϰսʿвͨȻû츳ȴһŴĴԡ
óһԾʯΪԴĻеƼѾ֮һĵλ֮ͨУ󲿷û츳ˣ𽥵оеƼ
ͩʮɻΪʲô߿Ƽϵͳ֮⣬һеƼϵͳֿƼϵͳƺ̫ذ
ͩ룬ҲΪԼȥĵط̫٣˽Ҳ̫١
˾֪Թ򶴸סͩʵ
ͶˣҪϲһ֣кеС¥и¥㣬ʽԢҲйϵʿӦоС˾ش
ôϲ֣ͩԼסﶼԡ
羰ԢŮһһ
ͳһͩʵз羰Ԣģ
УǷز˾쳯ȽĿƼϲƼ˽Ķ๦ܷ羰бĺ쳯ȽϵͳҼж쳣ŨЧ˾ش
ؼ۸ǳɣͩ΢Цʵ
ǵģǳ󣬵ȻǰȻ⡣˾Ȼֻͨ࣬ӴٿˣʶҲͣȻóͩΪ൱ظߡڸߵ̶ֳȣͲ֪̽ˡȻͨˣҲ֪ʿΪԽߣҲԽ
Ǿȥǹ˾¥ɡͩЦһ˵

ֳǶһլռطԲŰǧͺլԼСͱ򿪷һСɽ֮ϣƽθߵĽΧ羰ͩȻܲƴֵһֻƾʦʸһСͱʮꡣʮƷʯ
𿴱ռز󣬿Ȼʹ˿ռ似ʹñĿռȥʮ
棬ܷǳȫ֡УȽϵͳܹʥ򼶱ʿ
ͩ˾ʽڴˡ
һ¥¥ѡһɣҺס¥ɽ⼸ʮҲˣȥֺúõһ棬ȥӶһˡͩʰ񽻸ԼųӶȥ


149  
ͩλĵӶᣬеӶɳǵĹҪԵøСһЩ⵹ͩм⣬߳ӶᣬͩǣоȻĴڣ
Щ͵ͷʨͷб󳤳˵ȵȣͩΪ⡣
ͩҲЩҴҡڵسͲƿһж壬֮УҲûѣûѺģ»฽ӹ壬ĵ￴岢֡ͺǰйҲܿһЩˡ
һ֮£ȻˣЩĸӹȺеѾȺںϣΪȺ֮е塣
һɹչ׳ȺäĿ壬ֻаݲǿ
ͩЩǷкûκβģ˼ϲЩжܣͩȥ̳ܲģ
ͩ˳ؼӶ츱᳤λ᳤ȥһȰߡ
ãСӣ᳤ڱչأϷܡ
ǰãˣѯһЩʮɽϢ볡ȯ⡣ͩһ
ԭˣóѾͻƵıԵҲһϣĹ䣬ʱУҪκ볡ȯ츱᳤˵
ͩһ£ʵΪΣ
λȻ쳯ǣͷҲͬڱ˴ɽ׾ڿţǶһأǾǹµպʿԿڡʱ򣬿ƼǱⲻ˵ģ㵱С¡츱᳤˵
ԭˣˡлǰΪ󡣡ͩػش
ûҪµĻóִд㣬Ϸ򻹵æӦЩѺ顣츱᳤һռʿһ뿪ˡ
ͩûκվ͡
ˣáִ·ǳкͩ
ͩӶŰĳԱڵλϣʥǿ߲࣬ӶЩռʿڱϵöͩڳһ̬ȡ
ִ¿ͩɡͩǵƲˣŰ֮Ȼػ
ͩСѣ֪ʲôЧ͵ģִϵЦ˼֣кҲһЩ
ĳէزģִ¶ָ̡ͩһǫĿף漴һתһЩ½ժǳXXسǹԼǿйһЩ
ԭǸԼ˼ĶͼˣȨޣͬ½Ͷִ´ͩרŵʼĲš
ӶӶ֮⣬ʼҵ⿪ŵģΪĴСֻᵽǣ쵽཮
ͩòţѸٰĸȥʮһƿͻռõĵҩϰƷʯƷʯԼƵƷʮԼԼһױšȻָżȥʮƷʯƷߣԱĶ顣
㹻۷壬ͻռͻռ֮󣬸ܹʡǧޡ
һ֮ͩ߳Ӷᣬʱоϵǣࡣ뿪֮ʱͩصѯһҩ̵ڡĿȻǲɹһ쾧Ϻݡ֥Լһҩ

ͩ½߷һЩҩ̵꣬һЩС͵ҩҲûзŹҲȷʵϺݡ֥쾧ȴȱ̶ŵˣ꣬Ȼµ쾧͵תͩһЩҩָԪҩ̲޸괴˵ҩЩҩһƷƷҩǸҩ֮۸񰺹󣬲ͩں
ЩҩҲ쳯жʢ֮زŻҩ
ͩǰһ𣬶ʮ쾧ʮϺݡ֥Լĸҩ˽ӤĲ֮⣬ͩһЩʱͻռõĸҩ
ҩĻͩҾͻˮ֮һ
Ϊͩҩ಻٣вҩӣǰǾڱ׼ʯ
ͩͷϵı׼ʯҲĿΪ˷㣬ͩһ׼ʯһƷʯķʽ
ͩĴֱҲЩҩ겻ҵ׷ױ֤Ի㶩ҪĿҾʮڴ롣
ҩ֮ͩصȥһ꣬˴飬Щ޹ǽĳʶ֪ʶ֮ʱЩ鵹ǿΪһЩʶ
벻ϵ˳쳯ȻԴ֮˾̾ͩ½ƶĵȻ̵ܹظܵ쳯ĵشﲩ
ͩ죬ͰлѹҪ£һʼο͵̬һι

˵ʵһֱѱĵͼޡרΪο׼Ĺ۹רŵ޳еĽֳͨ쳯ϵͳĹˮ׼
һϰżĻ꣬˿ϲظͩеڲͬͩİʵڲ٣Ҳر
ǰһӣ֪ͲǺܴ󡣡һ߸ϳһ˵쳯ò˵˵쳯Ĳ軰ֲ
ͩЦЦȥȻֻжʮͷʵҲʮ꣬ʵϲڻֻ꣬ͩΪߣԪݻ֮УͩʱڡʵҲˣռʿͻռʱʲôӣͻ֮Ԫδľͷ֮ǰһӶ̫ı仯
˵
֣軰ֲϰ߽͸߽׹ǿʿǣѣĳ˽ò٣ЩֲӪҵйٷִգǹٷϿɵӪҵĿҲ֪зΧҳֵģֻˣҲصУΪ˱ЩͼԼͨȺЩֲУȴ⣬ھֲѣ߽ʿнд裬ǰΪͣԿȥʶһ
ͩˣȷʵ˼Ȥ벻쳯ӪҵĿ⵹ǸʿṩһΪŵͽŵ磬ԴҵϵͳɷȵȣȻΪ½ǿͳ½Ҳ֪ΪȺ˶ٶǿߣȷʵֵþ塣


150  Լս
ͩ˽⵽ЩֲǷּģа񼶱ľֲĻǴؼռľֲľֲҪϵͣӪҵִҲáȻֲС볡ѵĶѡ
ֽ׶ΣͩûȥμЩֲĴ㣬Ϊʱܼ٣ʮ꣬ͩҪѧϰƽӤԼˮƽϰԪʼ̵ȵȣʱŵģ׬ǮʱҲûУû¡
һǧ׼ʯһϵȵƣͩóԼرˡ
棬ͣ˵ǰֻ͵ʵڲСܹȥġ
Ҳգ߰ɡͩͷӦ
޳뿪ˡ
ͩɿն𣬳Լıȥ
ԶԶȴſھۼһЩİˣһŮڱǰԺſںš
ͩɫһӿٶȣֱӽ䵽ǰԺ֮УȻתߵʵ˺£
үɻˣЩ£Ǹߡ˵
ͩգɫתڵؿ˶ŵˡеĽӢǧΪվż۷壬ѹĪ⣬ĹԲͨŮȴͩһ

˭ͩ괫ʵɲͩһŮӵòȻ͹һģһֻڱദ꣬ͩҲϴˡŮȫ֪ͬԣǰʮ㡣
ǹؽãࡣ괫ش
ô£ͩʵȥЩ˲µġ
Һ͹ؽȥ֣·ϣȴ·ǣҪ㿪ǣ˭֪ȻˡſҪȥؽ㣬ǹؽȴϼػش
ãΪʲôֵͩʵ漴Ӧ˹Ĳؼǣ˵ùؼҷš
λҼңλҪҼҵĴšͩؽ
λ̨ˣƽ̨գһΪӢվ˳
ͩͩȭش
ԭѣµļλѣȭ⵶λǹعҵȼͬһӶŵĺѣλعƺһλ˽֮ðƽǳܵ
ͩһƽôϸ
ƽҲͬļ֣ͩҲʮϤ
漴˼ͬһʱͬ˵ԭ㣡
ͩˣƽӶռŰʮͩû˿սֻͻʱ۵ӶŰǰʮгսġ
ƽսǶһռʿٻغ϶ʤ˳ռӢ֮ͬж֡
ô֣ʶȭֵʵ
ʶȴ֪ͬšƽЦ
ʦűС磬Ϊʦ֡ͩҲͬΪŰһԱȻͬš
ǴˮԼ˲ʶԼˡƽЦݲ˵ʦܣҵûж⣬Ҳ鷳ģ벻Ҫᡣ
һӾͻ
ͩ⻰˰˷֣鷳ģҪͶˣĸվżֻһ˶ѡ
ţֻ¼ﲻ㣬λ£뼸λ棬ΣͩЦݵ˵
⡭ƽ˹࣬ЩΪѡ
ߣҽദرĸӦǲϴġͩǰɣմҽˣĺڣĿŭصͩһԲϾҪֵļơ
ͩһ֮ĸӦͩûа취
үæɣͺඡ괫
عǰɣҼңȨ˭ȥ˭ȥͩӲͷƤش
ߣ˵žҪ֡
ȭס˹࣬Ȱ࣬ﶯֲ㡣Ǹߵȱ㶯ģвЩСпɱȵġ
صضͩԼսֲ֮ѣʤΪˣҽ㣡
ҽͩҡҡͷ
ʦܣʿ֮ԼսܾĻƽ˵һû˵ȥ
ȭͷ⵶ȴòмͩƺڱͩŮ˵Լսҽӡ
ͩǲں˵ļ֮⣬ȷʵ޹˽ԹڿЩﻢµĸо
ҲգվհɣˣԺҪҡͩ̾һ

㲻ҪܣǾסڶɽͷһ˦ͷȥ
ʦܣٽɡƽ仰Ҳȥ
صͩڿ̧ͷʵľôɣ
ôɺϡԼҲ֮С
ͰɡԼķ˳˵
ҵء̧ͩϸشŹ˵˵ûĺѴòֻ֣ͩдʺϢ֡
ãС浽󣬸رã۴òߡıһģһСһĸӦܹڰ֮ӦԷֻԶң˳ذ˷ڣǾͷֿˡҲнûˡҲ벻мѹ˵
㲻ֵͩʵûɣȥ⡣
粻ҼѾ˼壬ҡѹˡ
ͩˣ粻ǲǲܼΪ绹ǶԼЩǷԼá
ͩЩҳӵܵļֵۺ۷ǳ⣬ҲȥͩһԼʲôϵ˼֮󣬶һҪй¶Ϣˣ

ү㲻ףǵһжǼģСͱҪڼ壬ؽ㱳ѼѾ൱ˣҲصΪͩΪ͵
Ŷԭˡͩ⻰֮Ȼ
棬֪Լ㱳˼壬ӻ֮ô죿ż壬Ǿ൱ڰŽ㱳Ѽˡ壬ǾǱԼ㣬еȫĸоˣ粻
鷳ˣǲ˼Ǹ˵
޷С£ȻҪԼսҲüʶһ£ʮЩ־жǿҵʵж١ͩ˵ʮչؿޣʵ˱ͩҲҳ޵УʶҪд轻һֿûʱ䡣
ڱսüʶһ
ͩҲȫΪ˹顣
Ժô죿ͩʵ


151  žֲ
Ҳ֪ͷ̾˿ζӳ£Ԥ
ѡ񣬵һԶԶ뿪˵أȥѰԼ֮·ڶǽҵ鱦ռ䣬֮޷ٳˡͩװɡ
ԼҲЩ󲻶⡣
޷Կ죬ϸͩ˰˵
µĶƾݣպãʱȥһһȡвҩӣҿǹˣԺԪӳ֮ҩ⿿ЩʵˣҩѰȴǽΪ˺ͳģҾͶһԺҪѧһֲ֮ͩԼʵûʱ䣬ڲҪϰ֮Ҫѧ֮ûȥֲ֮ҪѧҲռԺˡ
ռ֮󣬾ҪлӶᣬڴ֮󣬻ûʱϰһ⡣
ҩȻԽֲԽãԽãʧԼġͩؾ֮ʱȡھĹУҲѾָˣϵֲҩֲҩˡ
ͩרȻռ֮УһĶسһע֮£أʱֲܹˡ
ֲɣѧֲ֮ˮ׼ӵֲЭʽִավ˵
ô˼ͩһֱѹ統ɿһд
ӦҲ˼ŶԣЩ׳԰סλж΢ЦŻش
ҲáͩҩһһЩֲһ𽻸磬Ȼ󻽳ѹСӦҲûá
үԼսҪȥ𣿡ʵ
ȥҲҲһϣֲ˵ǹٷģǳ棬ҾۼֵΧڣеľӢʿڴ۵ʶһҲͩͷӦʮ֮ȻռӢʿĲᣬô˻һЩʿˮƽΡ
ҲҪһȥ˵
û⣬һȥͩͷӦ

ֲͩȥֲڱԶĲнϣ¥ƵĽ
ү￪ֲһƲסô죿ʵ
ȥ֪ˡͩҲΪɻ
λǰ룬֪ǰԤԼֲĴþӭ˹ʵ
ĳӦԼ֪ࡢƽȭ⵶λѵûУͩƽʵ
ǰǰ͹Ѿ棬ǰȥ͵õ֪ͨҵ
ͩλһſڣдޱ󡣴򿪷ţȴһ޴Ĵ
ǣͩɻʵ
ǰǵһɣֲдн⣬벻ԲŻôڴˡؽ͵
ͩ˵ͷʱˣнط㹻дҲܷŵÿӰ쵽ڵת
ͩվ˴ϣҲʲô壬ֲϾǹٷ裬ԼþֲԹ޳ûͻ˵ˣ壬ͩҲܹԱ
âһͩʧڴС
þҲųȥˡ

ޱܹ֮Ϊȷʵмָ¥ɣһ޴Ĳ軰ΧԵ͸ɣԿ棬ȴ档
˿̴ҲΧ˶ʮʿ֮佻̸ţһռؼ̨̨ѾŮʿڻཻ֣һǹ࣬һֽ̨סನһҲûвܡ
һǵĴ󣬹âһͩӰͬʱڴϡ
ڵ˶ͣ˹ȥ
ƽվ̧ӭ˹ȥڵʦˣ
ͩһۣڳĶʮʿ߼ϵΪʶվżʿоٿѹ̶ȣЩʿĻ൱ʵ
ʦ֣ǸСˡͩһ
ʦܣҸһ¡ƽָһͷ˵λǽͷŽڣһմ󷨣룬ˮ֣߶λλʦܡ
ͷλʦܣΪֻ߼Ρ
񡣡ͩһ
񡣡ͷ󺺻һ񣬾Ͳˡ
ƽָ˽Աߵλ۵ˡ
ҵֵܣգ£죬ءλɶţڶûеĹ䡣
ңͩãȴҲ˽һЩ˵е֮һǴͼ壬ʥʿ򣬲С
λ񡣡ͩͬòһ
񡣡Ϊзȵػһ£ûһģһóĬʮ㣬óϻ֮
ֵһλɫ۵Ӣ꣬λλòŮΪ갴ȣƶ˾ƣڳ֮޸ޱߵķ
£覣˳覹ӣ֪λӵķֱͩصƫƫޱطתһеʵ
ƽüǸسͩһ
ͩ΢΢һЦ⡣Ƕݺݵصһۻ覣ͷд
ӣڹз֮ˣϴεĽѵûгԹ𣿡һȥֻʮң꣬˵
ߣСƨ˵һ飿覵ɫʱŭصŴ˵
λйӣңаٱ䣬˫ƽûбϣܵ
ѣ񡣡ͩһֱӰѻ覸ˡ
񡣡Ҳ˻覵ŭתкͩ
覵ɫȻһ䣬ֱЦ˸ʲô
λ˳ҫӵĶҫˣֵͬܡƽָһȵ˵
һƽƺûע⵽ղŵһСִ
ӣ񡣡ֵͩ
ҫޱؿ˿ֻͩǵ˵ͷûʾˣԵüΪ
һλǹӣǹˡƽָŽ䴦һ꿪˵һֱڲеĳǹĬ
񡣡ǹֳֳǹһ
ڵ񡣡ͩǶλǹ棬ΪΨһһִ֮ˡ
λںķ˳ĹӣʵͬʿУе֡ƽڲ
ڣֻ֡йСãѾˣͲؽˡƽ˵


152  
̨ϽֵλһλҪҽˣһλǻӵͬʦãϼӡƽ
ͩˣνԼսֻ˳ѣһͬʿ֮۵ѵľۻᡣ
Ҳע⵽ͩѾˣǣҪⳡԡ
ϼǵ˽ΣһҪѵء࿪
ҪҲУʲôôأϼЦһ˵ŮĹȻǻȻĹ๦ΪټȴǷǳǿ󡣻ʦǶǲǵĴʡ
㲻ҪеĹòҿ԰㡣ò
ãɽϼҲǼþա
ͬʱ̨֣
ƽر˷֣Ŷ˳ˡ
һʱɫƵؿͩ˵
ԡͩͷ
վ˳˵λӣֽ̡
ͩû̻ش
ʦܾܷģԶǵ㵽ֹಫƽѵ
ͩ˵ͷʾͬˡ
úõؽѵһͲɾĴͩ괫˵
̨Ҳ̨ͬϡ
ֿ
λӣʵûȤͷΣĴȣ˵Ц
Ҫʲôͷɫʵ
ˣģóľȻ̻˹ĹЧ֮֮ͻռɵļʡҪСɵļʣͨʿܹɼѾҪ͵Цˡǻ۷ʿҲͬΪ֮͵ġ
أȷʵ˹ˣү˴˹Ǿ绢
ˣǺǣֻҪһĻȴ˵˷档

ɫһ䣬ŭ
ڳˣɵݸһЦߣֻ
ƽһεضͩǸԲʦܣλӾˡ
ͩ˰˵޷ͩȻûб飬ﻹӿŨŨɱ
Ӧúõؽѵһ´ˣҪʱԶ𽣡ͩ괫
ǣү괫ش
ãҴӦˡͷӦ
á覿ĵЦ漴ѹӸƽ˵أｻֱܡԭֻ֣ܷʵ
ƽ̻ϸؼһ£ڹԼԿʼ
ḡЦʱһӣλΪӰ
ˣˣҵĻ裡
ӰΧһӣȥͺһ㡣ֲΪ棬Ϊ١
ԭҲһʦ
װֲ֮ʵĹֻп֡
ʦĿ£ʵѷ֣ڲ֪֮оȡʮ覣ӳٵ룬ȥȫ޷ĸ棬ĸǼ١

װͩƵĳԽͨƷƽߵս£ͩƷֶΣߣȻͬ졣ս£ȫλ֣ǴﵽķޣƳ
״ԭƷͷŵö룬ʵֻöĹ
ϧǣԱս»ָûܹƷ
̨ͩϿ÷һл⵹൱ֹӰм֮ͬ
˼˼Ҷ˽̫ˡͩа̾һֱͩЩСڵΪԶ֮ȣȷʵࡣͩȴĹԶͺһл裬ʵѷ֣ͩһУҲֻбǷΧȻֻǲ۵¡
Ҳֲһǻ覵ΪûۣͩһУһɫĻ棬ų
һ֣ͳ˱̨ĵ濪ʼΧĿ½˹һߣĺ͵ɢֲǿ覵Ļһһɢ
һˣͷնȴʹһô¡ͷһƣԼĽŸѾһűᡣ
ǬĴ֮ͨͨԭ𽣵ĸ֮ͨһΪѾΪıͨȻҲͳıͨ

ʤѷֹ֣顣ƽѵ
ɫˢһ£תƣ˹͵ر˱ȭӲò绨ʵǷĳ˵̨صλ
˱ԣȴûȡ
ͩмСӣܹΪĹ֮һȷʵмʵϡ
Ҳм־ȣ˵ȱʵ̫Եˣû˵˰Եı˿۹Ҳ˼غ;裬ͩʱǶ˼ء
ƽ̻ԼõսƷֹʵǷҲˡ
лӹӣŽ֮УӡȻ󽻸ͩ
ͩӹӣҡֵлӿҡ˵ձս˴ָС
ڳˣ޲ֻĿ⿴Ż覡
ӳԱඣѵһҸǱֵʮֿţЦòڵϴ
ЦЦû˭˶Ʋ覣ⲻдԣʲô
覿ŷңݶҧ飬ݺݵص˷һۣ漴̧һͩϣӲҪҵʧ
ڳҲͩҲں棬ߵһλ檾ǿı˵ʵأ
ƽվ˳׳һǳ˼ĵãʼ˵ŴҶûбܻؿʼ׳һЩ⣬ǽһЩ֮
һָԪϢ֮Ҳûгֱ̨ͷͩ
ͩ΢΢һЦ̨
Ҷͣ˽Ȥע̨ϵĶˡ
ӣ֮Լɻǵãʵ
ȻͩͷӦ
Ҫ㷢±ԴģӮˣ͵øҹҽϢҪ
ҿԴӦ㡣ͩһ£ϵط˱Դġ´ԣΥĻͻƴƿʱѶȻʼαӣرǳ֮٣ǲܶɹġͩûΥĵĴ㣬˵ˣоԵţܻ䡣


153  ׷
µĲ֮侹Ȼƽͩǰһ֪̽ػͩ䡣
ͩżһ㣬ˡȻ䣬ǰһ˾Ȼǰʧˣűһһذͩ
ͩ˲Ϊս·֣סذס
Ȼ䣬סͩǰΣ̣ͬǶȹܡ
ͩɾ޷˦ܵĽɱ·һزͩͩĸܣذ׻Ƕ̽ͻἰʱس䷽ϣͩײȥ
Ӷˣ⵶Ҳǰ֮µİɣȭ˷ܵһߵķ⵶˵
Ƿڵľѧ°˴̣˵Ⱦ׵Ĵɱ֮˵Ҫϼ⵶̾ǲԾԵݻĹƣ°˴֮¡
׷²Ȼ鴫ҫ޵
ͩ׷ÿȥΪǱԪһתǿԪ͸񱩵ѹ籩Ű͵ɢ
Ȼ߳ͩı˽࣬˱ʮ׿⡣
ָֽͩһͩõ潣˲仯Ϊһƿѹգۼ˹ǰ
ذףֶ̽ӦҲ̧񵵡
Ȼ䣬ɽΪϰٵ⣬ùֲս·֡
ϰٵ˷ϣһǿҵĲ

һУͩϰֹӰ򽣾֮ıͨνĵһ磬Ӱʮ档ֻһ磬ʮ棬ʮÿһ൱һڷ൱ġ
ԣ֮ͩͨ£ֻٵٵ⣬д붼ʵ幥һСܶȸ
ͩһʵȴЩߣͬĸʱһֻ֮ЧﲻƵеЧ
ͩһ䣬Ӱȫջأһ潣Ҳ»صͩС
ô𣿡ͩʵ
౻ղһ󽣹£ѹƵֻбôΪֻ°˴ʶһ£ҹؼ洫
ͩúϻһ󡣡ƽɽ˸£ʧһ˹ķֱϮʺ
飬ʦܣƽѵ
࿴һ¶־Ŀ⣬ǰĸоһƷˣһακһζҪѸ͡
ͩȻɱ֣һת潣˲ֹͣڹ롣
ɱһȻͩշ磬ɼͩѾȫƿÿһ
һ֮ޣ̾Ϊֹ
ͷ޵
ʦĺô֮ʱ˲䷢ٶȼ죬޷ӦУĲ֮ͬʱķ;ϸв֮ͬУʦ֮е֮
ǴԶ̳֮֮󣬲չɡ
ͩһԭԭζȻͬ졣
ˡ೤̾һ漴ֳһϵߺԶԶضͩ˵úչҽ㣬ʲôҲ֪
಻ɵʱѾ㹻鵽ˣѾϢϵߵķӦ಻Ѳ³еһЩĻ
һܣҪҲΪѰϵİοǱѼ壬ˣҲĲ֪¡
ͩգһ£漴΢Цų޵һԣĳ࣬ˡ˵գ̨
ǫ̃̄򽯹ͷԼսŽһմ󷨣֮ͬڷ˫ĳ̡
ͷվߴ׵ĸӣսط̨ȭ˵ȭң룡
Уηȭһ˫ȭףսҲƷ֮еļƷ
ȭΪȣȭĵһȭʹ˰ߵİһеˣη޾壬º˲һս
ͷϣ˲·磬ڵĹԭͲƿƣڲΪɽһĳȡ
һ˫ֱǰǿһղ޵Уƾȭȭͣͷͷ·һ㡣
һԩңһǿһղâá
ͩһ£ȭȷʵʮǿȭʽһȭ֮ԺͨƷƽߵķ֡
ͷܹƾ֮Ӳͩʶ߽幦ǿ

̨¶ҲüͷȭĹ̫ǿˣԼôأҡ覵˵˿壬ΪȭĹǿ󣬴򲻵Ҳûõġ
˫ڳ֮УŲ֮Ѿһ˿֮İǹʹһ׷׷µĲҲ׷
ǻʦǿ͵ʦ
һսĽƽ֣ΪٴȥಫˣûҪ
󣬴һ߽ĵãһ䡣
֪͹ȥˡ
ڳȻԱͬԸͬͬȴⳡ۵֮УǳͩҲ⡣
ֱͩҡͷǹдֻͩʹһסƽ£ԣһһʤһƽ
൱ǿμӵıԶӮûܹĺıͩıָѹ˹ȥ
Щ˻ΪͩӦǼɸıء
ʵϣڳô˵Уֻƽû¹ûһ³˵оֹͩóڳЩӢʮּɵƽȻƽʵԲС
۵ͩҲǻؼˡ
·ϣͩʵ˵Щ˱ֳʵʵļɣ
಻ᳬɣ˵
ţ̫Ƭˣͷȭ˱ֳ߳ɣһ㿴óĻأԸˬҵҲȷʵ൱ҵ̤鲽ȥ仯࣬ٶȸ졣⵶ǹһսǱ˰˳Ƕ˶ͬһ͵գһǹһڵ˹ǱֳʵԶͨվżʿıȫĻռʿһսˡͩ۵ʣµûбֳʵֻǵд衣
ү˵أүԼֱֳʵأЦʵ
ͩסˣòԼǵڶ׾ˣҲԣԼҲûбֳʵ


154  ʮ
صͩæµʼϰһĴ֮УҲûйļغʹУֻȶҪڹСԼСһ룬˫֮мأȻҲ١
ͩһƪ̫ҵ֮ҵӤĵַ벻ѣѾϡ
ڴ֮ǰͩ㿪¯ƷֻƷս£Ʒ£ɷЧҲǲǿ⣬˵̫һ
ֳɵģͩһʱƳܣһڽӡռ޵ĹΪ˴ĸģƶɣͩдʮ˵ɷƣҪһʱܷãķЧֵܹռǿߵĹ൱֮ƷĻһƷڽӣƵһҲͩ˱֮⣬Ʒڽӣȡӡ
ͩиû֮ʶͭǮЧٽڶеƶɡ
֮ڣͩ˶ģʮɷƣһƷгΪ鱦Ǳʡ
ȻƷһƷʵϣڽõһƷ֮Уʵ㲻ʲôƷй֮ЧͩΪޣˮƽҲޣʵƲЧ
ͩΪźɵͩѽӽʱĵ޵үѾ൱˲ˣƵĿǷߡߣεĶǰƷߣ֮УǼֵߵģҲƵġͲҪ֪ˣҪ֪ռ֮Առǿö࣬ϵľ޴𡣳ռֲļҵʱͿΪֶˡ깥й֮ʤҲµһֶֹΡ
һ㣬֪ͩ깥ȷʵ൱£ǿֻҪһͿ˲ɱ֣κס
ڻҿռ䣬ʱһŭ֮һ֮£ռСʿͻɢ
һֱ֣ԵѹƲ֮ܲͬʱûʲôˡ

Σȫվ֮һ˻깥طĸ֣ҲиƷֶΡͩصطԸռͿ԰ֶΣⲢռûʹ깥ˡҪȻҪ깥ط
ҪϰطҲֻǿʦռʦʵǿҲ޷ͷ깥
ͩĴ֮УȷʵУڶԪ̵ȣй깥֮ϡ١֮һЩأҪǷ깥ͨɴûС
ԣԶԣͩɵǿ깥
ͩΪ׼ʱ򣬹վϢҲ˳ȥԽԽռʿֳǡ
ʵֵ쳯ҲǾƵĻԵҲͬЩǰʿܿ쳯ϲ߻һʿ֮ǰɸѡ
ʱͩԼıǱ֮⣬Ҳ½μ˼α۵ᣬʶ˲ͬʿҲʶ˲ͬĹ
еѾʼԴ߳Լĵ·
Ҳͩʶ಻ͬš
֮ʵүʿһ˵ÿһǿ߶Լĵ·ǲҲӦÿԼĵ·أ
Ǻǣ˵٣ָǿߣΪǿߣҲϵĴڣڻСûҪͩƽظ͵ʿ֮ô๦ڣЩǿߴúһĸ߶֮ȥѰԼĵ·Ҳ١
¼ѩһеĵȥԼĵ·Ⱦ̫ԶԪҲ˻ӻֻǼ򵥵طûطҪԴռռǧԪŵҲɣ⹦ĻҲҪԷ򡢶ء桢Ȼһ̸

ʱһξȥˣʱ䣬ͩѵõƽֳʵ
ʱ䣬ͩѸյĶҲˣ֮ĥҲﵽӦˮƽƽӤѾˡ
ڴͬʱͩչ˲ĵرṩ䱦޸ͭǮˡֻҪͩͻƵռͿ˳޸Ѻۡ
ûдѺۣ
ͭǮڴԽʱһߵѺۣѾ޸ĵȣͩҪʥ򼶵ʱ޸Ѻۡ
Ϊ⣬ͭǮõ˴ĵرĲ䣬ڲѾ߱޸Ѻ۵ıҪˡǷȱֻͩΪһͭǮȻͻˮɵ޸ˡ
֮ͩѾʮʱˣʱͭǮͩİȥΪͭǮĹ̫ˡһɱøһλؼʿҲֻܸɿţбɽھͬĵͩΪԽߣͭǮҲʼ֡һһ޸ͭǮĵĺ͵ѺۣͭǮͽʼɱ湦Ч
֮⣬ÿʱ䣬ͩϰط磺׵ػͨлݷ
Ҳͬڽиطϰʵ
еʱ̫ˣʮѣ󲿷ʱ䶼ΪϣطĻԶԶЩǧʿ
ɢޣΪû̫õĹ⣬Щ̵ʿ˼꣬һط
쿪ţ£ͩӱչгˣʮİչУͩΪõӦĳͻۣʵҲмֽ
㽫Щõȥ£Ȼ£ЩҲüǮһǵĺɰͩȡʮƷƽߣЩ߽ԿԿ֮ͬеļƷѰ֮ʱѵһ
ЩͩĲƸѾ˴룬ٲô˻׬һʣһĵĻպʱıչɾҪԾʯȱˡ
Ҫ֪̤ͩؼʼ֮ʱͿʼʹƷʯûоʯͩٶȽۿۣͩġټϣҪʯҪʯҪʯҪʯʱҲҪʯΪԴ
ǷؾһջͩöҪϽҪˡ


155  쿪
漴ˣѸת˳ȥϺʱϺõص㣬һļǮͩɱ׬˽ǧƷʯ
ǧƷʯ̫࣬ͨռʿȫҼܹǧƷʯҲ൱еˡ
ʱ˲ȥˣһ磬ƽѰ˹ͩһȥɽɽλֵشǿв½棬ͬģǿͲгľ۾ӵ㣬ʿɵĴССķСвɢ޶
һˣŮͷߣڿзɳš
ΧԼɼϰķߣԼɫݹһͬС
ĳɲƽ̾
ɲһνħɽɲվô򵥣ħɽһħ󣬻÷ʤЧõҩϡرЩϣǶߵı֮൱һοų´󲿷ʿĿⶼ档
㵹ǶòͩΪ⡣
ʦܻ֪ڵĵӣóϢϢͨ½Ҳ൱ġƽͩ
ŶԭˡͩȻȷʵûעⷽϢƽʱչز֮ʱ̫١
󣬴ҵʸйȥˣ׷ҵطϢ˵ڴҹϵɽħɽ֮󣬿ɾͲһˡ
վֻһֻ꣬оſţʮ꣬ǧʿᣬǿɲǿЦġڻѣվʱǾˣ˭ͻռĺûṰˡȻԵһˣ˵ⱲӽռҲˡ
ͩĿźöӣһ˾ռ˾ŷ֮
ºڵĿĵء
һϼΧס޷壬ʹԭ֮أԼλ֮ɫ޷þɽڡ
츣ؾռ䲻ͬؾռֿռɣ˵һĿռ䣬ֻһռ
츣أռһؿռ䣬еıʹռ֮УֻǸصԭطӱѡ
ؾˣռӰ켸ԺԲǣǶ츣ػٵˣǶΧռӰ൱Զģߵ־ء

˿̶ڴвʿȴţһҪ붴޵ģֻһǧˣ󲿷ֶպڵʿȻҲһЩڵʿûһλճڵʿǳźǱ̭ˡ˭ǵΪأһĻԵֻشˡ
ʿȺؾһ𣬰ڸԵĵطȴţû˭ȥλãҲûʱ˷ͻ
죬ʿӶӴһš
ڳ˶ͣԼ£̧˹ȥλʿһһ٣ۣü֮͸һǳࡣϵһӼҿۣһͷڰĳһҵķ٣Цݣȥǳ顣
ֺˣλͬʱ֣ζŶ켴š
λһǰŶ죬Ե˽ɽѰһͬʱҲһ顣ɽߣԸ֪ǶѡһľӢֻһΣ֮д඼ǳᣬǷֵƴһСҪصؿڿѡ˳붴֮󣬺ڿɾˡַǳؾ
СѣҪźǣʵħɽҲûʲôΣյģֻ־һɽȻᱻħ߻ħħ֮ˣҲҪؿǷҪɽϾվֻһ̫꣬һЩ˵ЦŲ
ͩһ;⻰Ȼ϶еոˮ˲١
û˵صȴţ˰Сʱ
Ȼû˳ôǺΪ֮ɡ˵תͷ˵ѣ󷨣ŶɡֻǾ£û˳ҲãϾǿ֮·ݲúˣûһǰƣܹΪǿߣ

һνɽѰܹж˻ųǾͲĵģһǧռʿҲһռʿοһδñʿռĿǸߵġ
ռʿռҪǿ־һǰƣĻۣͬҪܹ֤ɹħϡ
óһ죬һҡϼʼɢѸٵգ¶һɽ
ֳִɽʸƣܹɽ·ɽϷɽ·ͷȺλûƣ̤ɽ··һ΢Ц˵
һռʿȻһƬǰĵɽҲͬΣķܹᴳ֮ء
ȻִǿߣҪҲܹɽֻ˵վȼ߻ҪߣûбҪᡣʥҲΪվˡ
ͩĹ䶼ûг٣׵رõʸơ
ʦ֣λѣǾһˣǡͩ˵óƣһͬɽˡ
һ̤ɽ·ƾͷ΢Ĺ֡ͩ˸ڴ󲿶м䣬̤ɽ·ǰС

ɽ·ľͷһڵɽ˺ֶѾվɽԱߡ
ȥˣɽĳȴطһϷ֮һϷ֮һǻħɽǸϷɡ˵תɽ
һ˸Ҳɽɽ֮һƬڣɽеĺڰֹռʿߡ
ܿ·ڵķֲڣָͣߵ·ڵȥɣǻħɽħɽһΧвϷޣλΪ֮ãЩ֮ҲһЩ߱൱ʵСĽڲ򣬻ħϣвٶز߿Ѱֻ֮ǻأվСʮǾ֮ʱһԶϡеĸλöữڳһӱ俪ԣܿصСҲлѰꡣ֮ĳһλͻΧһöꡣ
еʱҲһʵλСѣΪ֮˵վһԡ
лǰָ㡣ʿͬл˵վߵ·ڡ


156  ħɽ
һʿȫ߽·֮󲻾ãֵӰͻȻߣ˹һָ壬Слˡ
ǺǣֻС£عһǲ֪һλħɽ֮Ужܹס̾
ܶ٣ɳ֮Ǿƽػش
Ҳԡ֮ͬռʿƻ˵һǧ˵ʧٶһڱҲں
ȻЩʿĸȻĸ
߰ɣҲڰжţԷ嵷ҡ̾
٣쳯½ģҲڴ˷ɣ˾ֿԼԺԲǡ
ԷһˡҲ֪ǲܵģ쳯Ҳж뵷ңҲ̫˼ˡ
˵쳯û߹ʵǲȫžģҪңǸ롣쳯ڷӳ֮£жѸͶӰλ½ѵжλ཮ɣ
ΪͥĹԱȻ˸ӹһεľӢѡΡ

ͩĻǰһĻ󣬾޴ĺʯɽϡɵľϻ谵ɫԼʱʱߵĹ
ߣɽʿ۲һ̲סһ߰ٶʿɢɽˡ
һߵֻʣ¼ʮʿ
Ҳ߰ɡͩ˵꣬ȡһҷۣⲻͩƵģͩؽ𹺵õķߣǻеߣ˷УԾʯΪԴ
ͩ˷ۣϰգٿŷ۳ɽ
һԲλΪһ΢磬ʧˡ
ҵټɡҫ˵һλʿ뿪ˡ
ţǹͷƽȭ⵶ֵܵҲѡһǶȥ
Ҳҽ뿪ˣ·ϣ覿ʵɶ׼ˣ
үһж׼׵ǲҲѷɡһҽػش࣬ǹӥӣһǾ֮
ǺǣеĸɵŮĸһ׽ȥӦһ¡˸ҽɽɣһվ֮ʧɫݵЦ
һ֮Уֳһ˳һȥ˼ɽ
ϣһ߲ٿŷٶȣһʵүʱ仹磬ȥģ
˵ħɽвĺҩöһЩһ£ĸȥͩƽϢ÷ָһ㡣
ףöٰͩһ֮£ʮͬǶȷⷴͩȡˡ
ͩţֲһ¸һ֮£ɫһ˫֣˼һ¿˵߾裬ǿ鷳ˡ

һ¿ٵĺʯɽ֮УʮʿȴţһһСɵ״ǣʾϣһСĳȥ
磬һκòײŽħɽΪʲôǵöأһʿʵ
û취һܹǶ˻ҵĳ˭֪ǾȻԴΪأ̾ѵǺСӻӻҵɣ˵ˣͷģô
һǿŻɱ֯ƣŻרŸɴҽᣬڳԺڵͬʱҲһЩǮƣֵȻһʿֻǺµһֻӢСӰˡ
Щٵļһƽʱ涼ǵϵʱ·ûʱСĳԱɵظɵ¡
һֱںķڰ֯Ҳû˹ֻǺĽṹ̫ˣû֪ĺĳԱϴĿȡǵ߲ͷİϵһˣͻữΪ㣬˹ʮѡ
Ϊ֣ͨҲֻֻ۱ֻˡ
Ҳԣһǽ˵һֵĴվ˵
λģΧֻһСӣͷһСӻȵϵòˣͿжˡ߿ڵ
ϴҪҪôŰСӣǽˣֻΪ˶Ըˣĳλʿվʵ
ٺٺ٣ôܣεĿɲ٣ֻǿθС˶ѡƲƲ˵Ȱѻҵ˵

ڴͬʱͩȴ˼ţúõһôдͷԤأǻħɽﵱգ˹ҪԼ鷳
ֻͩܲһ㸣׼ȷҲҿ϶֣˻
үôˣֵʵղŻúõģתۼɫͱˡ
֮СĵΪͩӹ۵ĲٿأͣǰСŸûĸ򣬺Ȼ䣬ʮâԶֱ
ͩȫûκηӦʱ䣬۾ͱУ۵ķЧ˹漴ʮâ۵ķֱ飬۱ǧٿףʮײͣ
ͩ˲ˣȱҲFܾѻǹͺŵǹųһǹɱκռʿ
ȱչȻ죬ֱʿ˵Ҫ㣬ȴûκΰԣϲܿͿDϵܾѻǹɢͺŵȱֻþУһԲġ
һ룬ǧУȲF;ѻǹһǹ֮ȥ˭ȥȱȻ󣬶쳣㣬Լ۱ȼߣĶ֧ȴЩȱܹġ
ΪǿȱҲɱһ񣡸˵ˣȻ֮е
ͩѸٽ˷ۣѾķۣ֮ڣΣܾѻǹľѻ
ԤıҪɱǡ²˭ͩ졣
ߣ˭øۣŭػش
ͩ΢΢һЦóһӵı˵ӹƶϣǴͬ򷢳ģǳоľѻFܾѻǹЧѻǶʮѻʮҲ˵ѻʮҵľ롣
һԤıǵĺ·Ҳᱻϡͩɫһ㲻ŵ˵
Щ˼ֱ̫ˣ˭ǳէƺûе˭ɣŭ˵
ȻҲпĳЩ˻Ԥıزֶ֡ȻɣܿܣԹˡҲڹΧ֮ڵֶΣ⼸ֵ̫һЩ˸Ҳ˵ͩѾѹ˷ŭֻ˵иֶΡ


157  ѻ
ѻڼͩǶҲȻѻšͩͣر任λɽʯľϰﲻʱ÷顣
ףҪôоȷ״ﶨλҪôȽ׼ͩɽЧѸٷ
үǶıаɣɲһǹŷսףзǱϼǹ²ҲˣFͺŵľѻǹɱռֱЩţɱĸо
Զʮ￪ģʮͬķģһʮʿŷ·һĴ;ѻǹСеزͣر仯ǹڽǶȣ°
ιòҪˣϽĿ꣬ǻҪءָӵһͷñʿһԽкš
ΪʲôҪȶԸˣҪ֪һεĶֻв١ʿֻһ˸š
ܼ򵥣Ĺӡֵܵ˱ȻҲ˻ǱڵĶ֣ɵĪڴ˶ˣ覲Ҫǵ𣿵ȻҪ˿͵ǣʿЦ
ΧȦѾɣˡʿеʾ˵
ǾǼӿٶȣ˶֮󣬻Ҫأֻоſţްʿ˵꣬ѶԽħɽǰ

òţǼȻϲԶ̾ѻҾһ档ͩһóһᦣһΣԶʮ
׵ؾЩ˵İΧȦ֮⡣
ᦵĳ֣һӾþѻʧȥĿꡣ
е״ûа㷴Ӧ
ͷô£
ӳĿʧˡ
ϴѼҪˡ
ΧȦʧȥĿķλ
ƵĶԻںĸС֮дΧͩСӣʮʿ
ûдô࣬ЩԱɢ޳˱һһ֮⣬ƽʱǷɢڸأУǸСӸɸġ
ȻһνޣĹΪЩ붴һǧʿ֮Укܴһֶɢޡ
ͩȡ˴˫֮һĴƽ˿ֻгߴ磬磬Ө͸ͩóһͭ
ͩ˿̵ʶΧȻܹŵﷶΧֱӽʶ¶Ҳ൱Σյģ׾ͱ¶Լڷλ
ֽͭм쾵ȫʢʱڵþձ˶磬ء˵ˣ֮Ƚ״Ľᾧ
ֻͩǷƷֻƷƷþԲķΧǿʶ
ͩ˱ѸٷֲĿꡣ
űʾͼҲɵһ£ʮͬʿҪһӵϣ൱Σյġ
˻治ٰ⾿ĸȻôֱʣܹټôɢޣԣЩ˲ͨɢޣͨɢϣͩ
ƣôһӵϣΣˣʵ
Ǻǣô֪ʧɣFܾѻǹܹԶ̰ȫٵؽ֣˭ԸƴС͵Ӳƴأͩʵ
ҲԣǿҪץˣòײŲһΧȦ׵˳Ժ˵
ҪЩ޳ǻľͱΧˡͩҡҡͷ̾һȷʵңҺûжŵơ
ûҲκβǰɡǳš
ʹãҸұ֤˻г϶һҿɲ뱩¶Ĵڡͩҡҡͷ
Ҳԡͷ
ͩű̾ȽЩ˵ɡҲ˾ѻĿֲ

һͩλĿ꣬ʩչԭԭζԶһУ֮ȡ׼ͩһȻﲻĹ룬ʮﷶΧǾԲġ
⡰ಡһ졣
Զʮ֮⣬һþ޴ѻǹʿн֮ʱͻȻһֱУͷԴ˲䱬Ƿս¼ʱ˱ܣҲͬûеס
ƽĿ֮ವһʧ
űĻ棬޵
ƽ˲䱻ͩջأԶŵԶǧһȱֻһ֮һ֮͵ջطɽҪˣԶջطɽʱ׳⡣԰ڷɽˣƽĹƷ۽ȫͬƽСɣڼٷɽпһռ䶨λĿ֮˲䴫ͻߡ
ͩһĿ꣬һ忪ƲʧһƽԶҲȡ
ҪĻǰϵĵһĹ켣ʵϣԭҲһġֻڱصĵƽҪԵ÷öֻ࣬Ҫͩ㣬ʶʱһһط䡣ҡƽ̨ʱƶ
һʮֳ־ѻǹʿͱͩʮ֮⣬һһɱ
ͩĿĿϣһһһԶ̵ɱ

⾿ô£
˭˭
ɶϴǿӰɣȥǻᱻɱġ
δ䣬ǸϴԴͱУòˡκηڴƽĹ֮£ûãΪƷµߣûӦǿԴ˫Ĺܷˡװȼľ޴µģֲЩʿ˵ˣͩһϴƽ鱦ɽͬʿûֶΣӲһ
һ㣬Զɱˣ֮ٶȻʹ÷ɽ
֧Сӣ׷ֻ֮УϤˣһһرɱƫƫҲ˭ֻһâߵĳ˻ԼͱͷռʿҲ־֣޷ֻܱܽɱ
ҴҲ׷ɢ޲ö೤ȣǰδеǱٶ
ͩɱֶˣʶ֮Ĵ˷ɽϢ
ȥЩ˵ĴָӦСһʣֲ۵ʧͩԸ
һ䣬ЦӦү˵գͷɿնȥʰսƷˣ·һùʿ˳ֱɵ


158  ħ
үʰòˣֻ㡣Сʱŷأͩ˿ҲѾָڴšһչ¶ƽȷʵ൱ǿҲͩƿظһ㡣
޷·ɡͩóһɳȥʻŷɳʼѰħɽ
ʱȥˣͩ뵽˻ħɽΧһ·Ҳɱ˲ޣҵξʯþĻľȶġҩ棬ջҲ٣ݡǧ֥ϳȡ
뵽ضΣʱܵħĸţħὫʿеħշʿʶӴΪɱħ֮ķӡ
ڣħɽʱεħǿģռʿ˵ħҲǲĥ־Ĺߡ
ô֧𣿡ͩʵ
û⣬ħɽȷʵ鴫ȻΣޱȡӻþ֮ѳµ˵
־Ҫĥһܹ˷սʤħպ֮·ߵøƽȡͩͷӦ
ǣүصصͷ

ͩƾͨӰΧ֮˳˿ɾûôˡĿ꾹Ȼֻͩô򵥣ľӢʿҲɱΧ֮ţʱƶòǰ֪Ϣ
ȭҵȭϼķ⵶ɱŻӹһ٣ҲΧļҽ˴ֵܵǰȫ˳
һЩֵҲܵ˺Ϯ
ʮĿֻ꣬ɹʮѵʮȻҸشʿ㱨
ͷñʿʵ
ȵӶСӣðʯᣬԼָĿǶŮʿش
ţ˼ҹȻûпͩĺǸƽļһȻǷ֮ǵҪĿ껹ǻ϶ջඣʿʵ
ǵģЩǵΧһȻҪص˻ش
ܺãֵʧΣʿʵ
ʧ룬ǿºͨΧħ򣬻ںڰﲻæˡʿڵУǱߣһʧֿ²ý
ţҲǣǺͻҲϹϵˣȷʵҪһӰ⡣Ȱѷ˫˻Ȼ˵ǻǸͩ밵ɱ㹻˰ɣʿ˵ͬռ۷ʿоͺһֻϲ࣬һֻϵҲûС
˫˻⣬ǺûذҪǾͳˣܹһ޹ؽҪëͷС밵ɱѾ㻨ҵˡʿһ»ش
İɱ񣬿˵ɱֽҲ൱һ񵥣ܹλУֻֿܣһ־ˣһ־Ǳȡ֡˲ö˵ˣڶָֿǣѾ˰ɱ׷ɱΧ֮⣬벻
ʮоųɾϱ밵ɱϵˣѾˡ
ҲԣԵĶĻ³ɣȥ֪ͨǸӰɡʿññػش
ʿ˵ձ뿪ȥˡ

ͩߵúħɽΧרŹʿħγħϣΪôʿ߻ħҲĵطܹʹվҩվ˵ҩʵôҲǻħ飬꣬ʶرǶռʿͻռĪİ
˵ĥ־Կħѳý˵ĥһ죬߳˻
лүʮۣͩǹٶȣȥӦħӰ죬ĥԼ־
оΣͩʵ
оǳԪתøԲ󣬿ƵҲӵӦˡϸһ£ش
ˣûվ֮еջҲֵƱˡͩ΢΢һЦ˵
ү⻰Ͳˣһܹվģ˭谭ǵĽ֮·˭ǵĵˡ󵨵ط
Ҿ˵˵ˣվڱصã֣ͩصغߵ˵ûд˭Լɵ֮·˭Լĵˣ
ħɽģһɽϿɽϿ֮һȪīĳˮˮΧ鲼ɱʥ춯ͻᱻ󷨷ɣ֮ءˮһʮƷˮΪڻ궾Ȫ˵ˣһسˮо綾רľ綾մһ³
ǴվһϡҩȾԶȪǽȪˮ綾ΨһҩʳΪΪͻռв˼֮ЧŹվ
˿ΧɽڸѾվ˲ˣǶͨħħɽĵľӢʿ

ھ죬̵ͩصĿĵأ˿ɽϵѾˣܹվĵطҲֻʣͻɽʯͩѡһɹվɽʯȥ
ͩɨһΧˣƽȭҡͷ˵һͷʾкˡ
ϸһ괫ͩ˵үʮ֮࣬վ֮ʱ˵Դﵽʮ֮ƽһ£߸һӣҪʮ֡
춯ֵʱ򣬿¾ಫˡͩش
ˣүͷӦ
Ҳѧͩһ㣬Ŀƴ
覿ɾͲôˣȻյϢжʧˣɿͩӣͺ޲˺һССɢޣΪǣе㱾¾͸ҵԼǸ
覴ˣ׿ԽʵĻͩҲѷһǴ˳̫ã̫ãû֮ҲΪ޼ɵȴûб¶ˣ󲿷ֶᱻиɵ
ΪʲôǺͻԣҲйµģҳʱʢ֪˻覣Ȼܵ˻覵Ĵѹ׷ɱϧұҲС覵ĴûгɹȻȻ˾ͳԩңʵϣ˭Ҳκβ˭ϣҲͬ൱
Ǵ֮󣬻ҲѧˣԺɵ˭ʱ򣬺Լֻǽлҵ˶֣ϵרҵ֯ɱˡ


159  ϣ
ͩһγɹƽ˺İɱû˵ɱʧܵӰǶͩӷߺޡ
ͩҪ֪һеԵɣ»Цãֻܸ̾Щҹӣв
ʱһΣ͵˵ʮ죬ʱ䣬½½ֻ߸ʿֻʮˣһǧʿֻܹʮ˶ѡˣûͨħɽħĿ顣
ʱûһʿҶصȴؿš
ڣʱһΧֹͣתǶӻ̴Ͽ޷ԸһѷɳɽϿϸ߿ա
ͩվظնѵעˣᲢ̫ңܶ٣̫̰ġ
ڳʿĿתעһһʿһЩסؾҴϢȻѾĳֿܵ״̬֮СһվͻռѸҩҲѹЩ۷岻ͻƵʿ˷Ӧˡ
ʵϣʮʿ֮Уʿֻʮ˶ѣ󲿷ֱֶǧʿ
ǧҪСЩʿ֪ǧǣ˶طжٵơҲΪˮ׼ϣ޼ҪЩʿĻ۾Բܺӡ
վڿиһͻȻ䣬ϵĻ곯漤俪
ûκ˿ڣеʿͬʱԼĻȥ
ô֮УٶһֻΪһ磬֮ӱһ̣һ꣬ȻҲ̰ģ˳ᡣ
ʱҲûұֳľٶȺĹӵһҲʵ顣

ͩٶҲһһĿ꣬껨곯
ͩҪӹʱһ֮Ͳ˽
ͩϸһƣǻһλҽ
ȴûѸٵһ̣껨꣬һģͩ£Ҫȥæ
ȥ׷ǰ꣬˾ͽˡͩԸͩɵӣʱͩһʱ仳ɵľǻ覣Ϊ⼸꣬Ϊ뻨йһ֮⣬ͩļǲʲôˡȻͩ΢ģô룬ͩͲ֪ˡ
ֱͩ˵طųƽɶһԭˣͩʧ˺ûᣬ߳ŭء
ҵλҽȴЩͷԣգۼͿǧӰԼ
ط⻨ʿҵķֹӰ򽣾ֻӰǧÿһӰʵ϶йĽɣֻǺ޹СӰ֮ʵָľǴƽĹ
⣬˶Էط֣˵еʵ幥ˡ
⿪ʼɢɢֻʣ¼ʮʱͻȻ䣬һͨĽ⣬ͻȻ̴˷֡
ಡһʧ
ͩһл˷ɽɨһԼĶ֣ת˳С
˻ֻ˫ԲɣǰزͣһѪ˫۽ʧȥ˽㣬Լôģ֪Ѿס˹ô
ͩҡҡͷ̫˷Ԫˣͩ⡶ֹӰ򽣾ȺЧģʺϣ»һ
̫ˣʮλʿҲˡ

ȥ׷ͩ©һ꣬Ҳ˷ִһ֣ͻǬ棬öԷóȫʵ֮ǰƴһơ
һǱǧ꣬ѰͻƵĿʿʼ֮ʱûаԼۺ񣬺ԥƴһƴ塣
˴һáҪˣϧǬͻȻûǱɱ飬žͱճɱҶȥǰ󲻹̶Ϣѡ
һ֣൱֮ײУһӾͰʿŵˡ
ǺȻͬʿֲ֧ϢͱΪɻҡʿΪΣյ
覵ȱȽϤˣҲһָˣд֮ʱ⺮һҲûó漴ҡͷֵܡȭ⵶ؿһͩ
һʵǿŮӣȻͩŮΪ˵ͩǿʲô̶ȣ
ɫ˲˿ɱŨң֮ǰɱһӲмǿˡɱڵɱһεɱǼɵֻšȼ޵һɱô˱ԼҪţһСɢޣô᣿˲ԺΪ󻼡
ǳ˳ͩ꣬ʱط

ʣµӵͷϷ
㹻࣬ò̫ҡʮ꣬˶ʮ꣬ԶݶȥѾʮʿ׷˹ȥǶǲָӣֻϣܹӵһ꣬һɵͻƼҲ㹻ˣҪͻƵĻٷ֮һļʶûС
ֻоûоԵźʵ˭Ҳȥ
̨ڿУӻ̨֮Уûһɢɡ
ʣµʿֻʮˡ
Ȼ䣬ԶһҽУҽԪ㣬ǧȻҽ֮˵Ϊ൱ۺܹô˷ĲҽУȻܵ˼ĥͿ־塣
һԴ̤һװͷؾñ꣬ǹһĨЦ˫ָһȾѪĿ̵
˾飬Ȼͷɴ۾ֽе
ƽȭ⵶֮ˣȻû˵ˡֵܡĹӵȱȴʮ˵
ֵܸŭĿӵ˾飬Ȼ㣬ɱҵ֮ˣӦֱʰɣ
٣ķϲţҿûΥأ̫ܹ𣿲ĸϲŵ˵ӳˡ˾һش
˾飬ԭ㣬һΪǻԲءҲһ˵
һʿؿһ˾˵ʯĳˡ
ͩһʱˣԭǴԼͩϸػһ£ʱһͨķɱ֯൱Ѳ˵ɢ޺СŶǺĳԱͷֶ棬Ǳ൱޴


160  У
ү˾ûκνûͻֻһͣǾǱɱˡ괫˵
ŶΪ˭ֵûɣͩʵ
覣ֻҷǳ˽Щҹӵ̬УֹõĶǾǳУ˵ֻҪһССɾԶɱ޵ԡ˵
ȻˣһĴĻȫɵ覣ͩ˵лᣬŵ˾Ҳһɵ
ǣүûκγɵشӦ
ڸɵλĺȷʵǱӴͩʲôȲ˵ܲҵõͩ٣˵ͩͻռ֮󣬾ͻᱻӶлȥ־͵ӶҪ˰
ͩ޼ɵڳˣƽ⣬ûһɱġ
ͩٶɱͩºͣ˽Թ˲ңҲˣ൱ԭ򡣿һΣͩɱʢһΡ
ͬɱӿɱֻ֮Ǹ֮ͩԣٶɱˡ

ƽһվ˳۹һֱ˾飬Ƶؿڵ˾飬ҵ֮оԹ
ûС˾ҡͷ˵
³𣿡ƽʵ
ţˡ˾ŵػش
ܺãȡ֮ĳҪɱ㡣ƽ˵
ͻȻ䣬һƽƽķսԶӦһ֣ȴ͵ػ˷֣˽ȥ
ԭֵһλòͨʿڶʿУ˭Ҳûע
Ŀꡣ
ףʿȻоشС
ڴʱʿȻеһ̹ǵĺϮҪܣȴ˼άĶ
һâʿ˲㱻ȥ׼һ̫죬쵽ս׵ԶܸոʿԴͱ
ʿǿطһڣ漴ʧȥʶ
ƽս˾˵ϲ̨ıֶΣˡ
˿ƽһֻ֮ûһ̫죬쵽ս׷ֶӦ
ƷϵķߣԶܣһ߷սһܣĿֻΣյһɲǼܹķӦʱ0.003롣ͺղʿͻȻϮٶͬܿ죬쵽ҲӦɷȻԶһɲǣű̴

˾鰵һȴǺõ˵𣿲֪жҪɱңȻúõػš
ǲһҪ˼˾٣ĳȴǲںƽ˵ûд˾֮ôţΪүү˾٣񼶱ĸ֣쳯߲֮һн
ţ˻Ϊ㣬֮⣬Ҫ쳯߲û̫棬Ͼ֯᲻֪жٸҺвʥϵĴڣЩʿ˾ӣûвҺ֯һӴ֮ҲðȻȥͱѡ
˾һƽҲһͨɢޣȻҷźԣ
̤ͩ˳س̨ȥӷλͩǳƽ
ɻ󲻽ͩرƽЦſڵʦкμ⣬ѵҲһţ
Сܵȷд뷨ֻʦһСܾͲˡͩЦһ˵
СܵĿͩѾߵ̨Աߡ
ãҿֹмİʿų
һΣ죬Χ¶ȶʱ½ϰٶȣһʿϵķ֣ʼ
ĳȷʵü嶯ʿͣ˶ǿûĳһλŮǿĺ
ѣѵ̲ɣվ˳˵
Ҳһͬǰһʾʱûкѣֻ棡˶ĬذͩΧǴʱû˶֣ΪͩҲûж֡
λҪôţӿоֻˣǫãΪҷһ¡ͩ΢΢һЦ

ߣ޳ܵģûмô޳ܵģӵη䡣覵ûֹΪԾǵ˵Ļ
Ȼ˶µķ䲻⣬վֽ̡ͩƽ˵
˴ʱǣƣ˭Ҳͷ񣬿ͩԸվͷȻȻصõ˵Ĭвԣͩ϶ᱻȺ֮Ҳˣ
һӣʦ֣šλ˾֣ǻ˶õģʦֻǾɡͩ΢Цţ̨ȡһӣָһƽ
ƽ̹ȻؽӹӣͷӦлʦܣΪֻǷҲһϵġȻƽҲͩеɱƽҲýŸɱ˾ʵ֤Լʸһöӡ
ƽ˳˾˹ȥ
Ȼ䣬ʿ˳볯ƽ
վż۷ʿȫһͻȻͻϮʽƽȴûԤϵһ㡣
ߣСƽӰֱ˹ȥ
ӰÿһӰֻһ˾޵Ŀ콣˲䴩͸ʿķ֣׼ȷ㣬켣Ҳһģһ
ˢ׼ɿնţͬΪô˾޴
⣬Ƿ֮㾹Ȼ˷˷֮ţҾһٶںҲģΪйӣͨռʿҲ׷ΪѾһ˿֮İ
ǿӰˣֻǰ̤˷֮ţûȫ̤뷨ż֮ڡһʿ˷ûĲǼģرеͽʿ
һʿֻպڲܿʼԣʿԽڣԽͬΪվżʿһ̤뷨֮ŵʿܹһնɱһͬȴṳ̂żʿ
ڳ󲿷ֳҺŵʿһûһѹ׵ͱǿ֮ûһ˽ĵزҲһӷֻ̤żˡ
վżͰֻ̤˷żѾ൱֮ţҪ֪еռʿûһ˿ء
վżȫ̤˷żѾݵˣ
˾ţ˿ҲЩˣǿų˵¼Ȼ֪˵ĳ֪һ³


161  £
ʦܣ񰡣Һ°ƽͩ˵˵£ʵϵıȴȫ෴
ǰʦ֣ҲŶͩҲȤЦ
ĲȺİ࣬ƽתͷ˾飬ޱȵ½۵
ãʦҲܵ˺Χ֣ɵˡͩ˾˵Ҳʱرֳ˹̬
˾ɲ£һѾ൱ˣͬǿĶ֣ɳԲ
覣ʿµĵӣɲⰡ˾ԥͰѻ覸ˡ
һȻעҲתһЩ
ڴʱ˾ӳöӣ漴гһ˫תΪһݹ⣬뿪˴˵أҲ˲ˣЩڣ֪ı̬ͲôһƱ
öԱ飬үү֮õģռʿһǣҲϾΧޣ˲ЧûдоǷ
˾鶪ͬʱ˲Լͬسˡ
䡪䡪䡪ö鱬ȷʵ൱˵ãʮ׷ΧڵǿֲȴûһˣֻǱըನɨһЩٶĵù˵ڵĽͷ˼ҷǿɨҲֻǱһ£ûܵơ
鱬ըƽȻѾĹΧһλΪһ⳯˾׷ȥ
վ̨ҲڱըΧ֮ڣǣ̨ΧһɫĻ֣˱ըܡ
˺һɢ˲ִԶɻҶңýԶҪǿǲҲҪѲƤˡ
̨û¡̾

ͩһߵ̨ϣһӣ˵ûĻҾͼˡ
ڳ֮ˣӸȻֱͩչԼˣҲ޷ֳǿʵ
ЩҪֵˣҲòһ㡣
ͩЦӷӡУȻ봢ָ֮С
ͩóһӣ˵ĹӣʵȻҪǰӸˣҲ˲
ɣһӣҾ͸ӡͩת˻覣΢Ц˵
ˣһ󼤶漴һɻ󲻽⣬ͩ޽ԣ෴֮ǽ˳ԹģΪʲôһչԼأѵ˻ữɸΪ񲯣
Ϊ뻨ЩԹҪ˽ᣬһöӾ͵ͷӣɣͩһսĶ漴óһĳ߳ߴ磬̬ڽ뽣֮ȴһ鳤ߴ磬Ľΰۡ
ͩһУһ硢СУ漴ͩŽ˳İ۴
С֮󣬷һССı仯ԭİ۴ʱѾʧ˿ۼ
Ǵ˫˫һ̬֮˫һ֮ԭֻͨ鱦˫ӵͨ鱦ͨķ˽һ
ңпЩᣬӿɲһ֮԰һֵʵȴڰдġ
ôõ覹ӣȻҲǸҵ󱲲ɣͩƽʵ
ҶԻ覵ԹشЦ覣ɴһвҵҵΪһףһ׵αоû֪ʵͲʲôˡ˾ˣͺΧɱһ㣬ɴϵˡɣҸƲ㡣
⻰˵ٵģĹӵλĸ֪覵αĿֻǴҲҴˡɴ˿ԣ覱һףһ׵˼ҵɣǹܲšʱˣѼӲҵȷʵƽƲ
ӣɡͩһοڵһȴöˡ
ͩҶҲɣҪˣҵı󲻽лңлڣŭ˵
ˣ˼˾Լүүƣûŵʦ֣Ϊ㻹ŵҲɣңڣҺ°ͩѧƽڿ

һʱ䣬ڳǻҺŵʿҲˡ
Щҹӣذǵ˱ͼ֮ǻܹʣ¶أ
ʱǲŷ֣ԭνļɽɿֻԼΪʵɿġ
ҧгݵװԼһƷս£һּƷߣѹϷڣһͽԼߵ㡣
ģƾһɢޣһҲҺͱۣ֮ȥ⻰˵мƣ¸ΪԼɡ
裡οûв׾һӾͷֳɷµؽ󷨣ͩŰΧ
ӹǣ󷨾ȻЧˣȫͷԣ⾿ãʵͩҲ̾ȷʵСѹֻʦϡ٣Ϊְҵ̫ǿΪѡ
ܿϧͩƫƫʦĻ
ۣͩ˶ۣ۵ĳӾ˲䶴л󣬿ʡ֮ͩ£Ρ
鲽ͩһ˲ʧԭء

ͩӰͻأسڻ
ͻȻо죬תͷ鿴覵ʶɨͩӰʱŵֱðѸһΣʱ֮Уԭء
ͩ¶΢Цһһ׷˻覡
覲ɵͩζԼ֪ԼĻȻͩЧʱһͩ˼η塣
裡覹ϵջڼҲһʵõ֮󣬻覵ʵ·Ρ
ϵϢѹƵһп覴˿ֳ̱Բռʿ֮¡
֮ͩ£һƽ
覵ĶȴǼΪֻۣȣһתȹ϶ʱһߵУһ㻯ͩĹȥ
ͩҲΪȣȻ֪覵ʵҲһֻϢѹƵȶǻģģռʿѹȴǼܹԼ棬һ㻯ͩĹʵһȫڻڸ£ȥ·ֻǳӡ
Ҫͻ覶Ƭ̾ͻᱻıԻ󣬴ӶʮӲ߳ɡ


162  
Ļ𣿲ǳᣬǶǣڵľѧȻ鴫ֻǿϧѧղͩԵ̾ͩҲ˼Ȥ
ߣԽԽȣԽԽûסͩۺ񾫴վżܱģٶȡӦȵҲǳԤ֮Ŀ졣µǣͩһʦһʦȴӵǿĽսˮ׼
Ϥͩͩд轻ʿڵĽͷĹӵˡȭҳȭϼķ⵶ԼͩӲƴ˼ʮغϵĹˣ൱˽⣬ͩһʦʦһ̾ΪֹڿԭͩĽսʵǿ
һԭͩʱʵûʹԿ
ȭͷ⵶һۣȭ̾ѹ֣ϴͬʦֵˣԭǶ˻ķǳ񣬶ز¶
ɲϴһôˣǻûзϴʵȻǿ⻹ռʿ𣿿ռǰҲȲϰɣ⵶ԼĵپȴûżپĵҲûá
˷֮󣬴һͨѾˡľ磬ż֮ˣǿپȴȻڡľ硣ѡ²㾳Ļϲľ磬ľ磡
ʿޡޡʿҪΪ񣬾͵ɡ򡰵

湻ǰɣѾȫˣһûзͩһмһ˵ҵĵһ
һʽʽ
һƽ
ͩĽҲڡķ룬ͩһѾﵽˡ֮£ĽһֱͩͼԼķ뽣Уȴûгɹ
ʮ䣬ͩ˲٣׽ͩǧ飬ϸϸشÿһʽİأͩ˲ٽԭÿһʽصζСǴ˵еĽ⣡
ͩĽ֮ͩȻ֮䣬˷ͽ⣬ʵͬһִڣֻǳƺͬ
Զ֮ǵзʽǰһּҵʽԵȫ档ǴӲĳһ򣬶ÿһַԣֱȫ汾Դ
֮ľˮ硢ס⡢ʱ䡢ռȷ򣬽ԹΪ򣬶Щཻ֮ĸֹͳΪǧһԪС
Ǹʱʿ֮ʱȻΪģΪ⣬⾳ν⾳ʿط֮󣬲Ϊõһ״̬״̬Ϊ̬֮ʱ˾ӵгɵʸˡ
ͬģڵʿ֮ʱҲǲֻصһַ򣬶õĸս֮ʱʿʵͻʼαͬģ״̬Ϊ̬֮ʱǴ˳֮ʱˡ

ͩ˵ֻϸὣζ׵ؾܹս⡣һ̺ĳϢһִ֮С
ֻԼȻһïܵĴ֮УǲľԼرϢȻ֮䣬ԭĴ֣˲仯Ϊ֮ţľ㣬
һ̺˴ݻľ֮š쳣ͩľ֮⣡д֮Ҳ֮š̵УͩؼȳѰʿ켣ûԭ;ӲҪϸ˵Ļԭͩõ·ڵͩȴ˫ŵأǰС
ͩľ֮⣬ݻ£ν֮š
ֻǵһ覾;ȫ޷ֵһˣֻˣͣغˣغˡӰֱܡ
ͩ΢΢һЦ˶ܾ
ͩһ̤ξĿ֮£ʧ١
ֻͩͻأʧź䴫һʹϢʼѣʹгͷһƣŷﾹȻͩĽ⡣
ϴķߣһƿ޵ֿ֮
˵ˣҪɱ㣬͵ͩһ漴һ˻覵׼
ʶɢ֮ǰֻ޾Թ޺ͰûڣǺǺڲ֮ͩز
ҲŹģһ㡣覲ʵ˵漴ʶɢ
ͩ˻覵ĴָĨȥӡǣϸһƣߺȣΪҹӣȻ͡

Ĺ֮һ覹ӣ覾ȻڴˣʶϤ覵ʿԼͬ̾ϢۻƷΣٶվżȷʵƵǾš
ͩĸдͬСŲǿߣΨлŲţǰжôǶʷ
ͩջ˴˫ƽϢս״̬һƣ΢΢һЦص˵ͷ覣ֻͩԪԪѸٻָ֮СķϵˣתԪָԪٶȷʵ൱
˫ûԳ̫ΪҪǱķƿԷòż̫ǿܡ
٣ѣлұ˵һ֮𣬿ϧǣûлնɱˣܹۿ촦Ҳһܰվ˳˵
ͩЦݵسҵͷʾ⡣
ֻ뿪˵֮󣬻þ뿪ںҺôҲǴʮĴ壬СӡҺĵѵ
лѡͩͷش
λˣʣµӣλŷɡͩڳһƣӣ˵һԣʾٲֺᡣ
ڳ˶ǴˣͩΪͩƻǰӷеˣرŮӾռö֮ࡣ
ʱֳͩǿʵҲЯնɱ覵˸վ
ͩ覶ɱʣµڳˣĸ˵Ȼ覸ǿͩɱ覣͸ɱڳκһˡңͩһʵǿʿǶһˣҪټΧҲ
һλײϵɱ񣬼ɽڴǰֵһᣬҪվۣͩ˵Сûˡ
ӻö֮࣬ⲻǻл𣿺ᣬܱȺͩɱһҪõöࡣԣûվ֨ǳͷ֮


163  
ڴʱƽҲԶأһᡣȻ˾еıߣֵ൱ߣᣬҲƷϵߣޱȡ
ƽУȻ˾ҲѾˡ
ƽ̧һ˵촦Ļ覣漴һ£ͩ˹˵ʦܣȻϡ
ʱҵļҽҲȫɱ⡣
鷳һ顣Сֱ˵Сˡͩ΢΢һЦش
һҪЩһ֮ʦԱɡƽĵعһЦһ֪ĸо漴ת˻⡣
С˵ĿѾﵽһˡͩҲͬһЦǵ
룬ڡƽش޲̫Ϊͻռ֮󣬾ͻᱻлܲʱټ֮ʱˡ
ڡͩ˵漴к뿪˴˵ء
үǾˣǵʵƽȫԳ¢վĻǻܹٷһӡһʵ
Ѿ㹻ˣǲ̫̰ģһҲ£ǵںĴǾ͵òʧˡͩҡҡͷջûгȡ
ǣؽ㲻ǻһ𣿡һʵ
Ҫ֣Ҫվż۷壬ҲҪһϣҪͻƵռϵΪܹ뷨֮šͩ˵ͣ͵УǲǷʲôҲҪȥʩᣬ𣿡
Ҳ֪ͩ˵ʵ˼һ£˵ͷʾס
ͩ˵ʱ䣬Ѿ൱Ѹٵһٶȣÿ˶ٶȵġ

һռʿǶٵͻƵռ漴һ˳ĻԼҪ굽˰ʱ䣬վż۷壬׶λ굽ңͻȻŻ᳢ͻռ
ʿĻǰٵ߰꣬Ѿ൱ˡҲ˵صЩ˵УʿӣҲͻƣѡһʱ֮ͻơ
ͩʵҲ⣬Ҳ̾ѡͻƣҪһʱĻۡ󾳽ƿܹһһʧܣڶγѶȻӾ޴󣬾ԽߣԽͻơ
ûһʿҪƿʱԶԣĻۡ
ͩܿͳħʱͻص˻ħɽڴɽ˳ڡ
˺г˶ƽ·ڴ
λǰͩʺ
Сӣɱϣɵòгѵõؿڳ޵
СӸɵϻһӵܣ»ͷô˵ģͷҿ˳ۣһΡ˿ɽѾвٻҸţⶴ֮ڣһ󷨣ϷͿʹá˸ֱԮ֡
лǰͩɵȻӦǷһ飬ӦĻҲΪΣգڳ·ϣͩ뿪˵صĻǱвСΣգ󻹵ÿ
һζ֮УͩûжùҲδڷλһֱŻħɽİǰ

ħɽ֮ڣֹ紫Ѷͩɵ˻覣ȻѾҵ֪ʱѾ㹻ҵ֣ɽΧ͵ͩͶء
ƽɵ˾飬ǿǺ֮һɵгȻҪӻ񻨼һ㣬ĿŵΧɽǾλгһ򾡡
ԣƽ޿֣ϾǼ˵ȴںĴ֮һҲֻĬŻⷬΪгͬûгֵɣϾﲻǳзΧͥɷܲʿ֮ĶԹ
ȻܰѻΧ۵˸ߣɲͲָܲ¡
ͩ˵Ĵ󣬴ͳɽͳֵ
һİĺͩӰͻأش֣һ漴ס壬ڿС
٣ӿɾеˡͩεؿڵȴһЩ˼ϹȻһ˾˵ĵϻûж𣿿϶У
Ϻ꣬ȴֻóԼʹá
ΪʲôΪԼһͬʱֲﻨҡ
зֱġ
öͩͻУȻеĴ뿪ںͣشֱͣԶ뻨ҵȫԼûκΰ취ɾǳ׵ﻨң»ңҲûбҪǣ
ֻ󣬰ԼͳֵȿԼʱӿҵ׷ܲ׵ﻨҡΪ򻨼ұʾĲ㻨ҸĿŵΧסҵĵ̣Ҿ͸ҽǻҵľ֡
յϢ֮󣬻Щʾһ£Сìܡ

˵ˮ©ֵͩѧϰͲο
үô죿ʵ
ѡ񣬵һǾĳУͨ뿪ںڶҴŵأǲչڣҾںҲҵǡͩһҲţԵʮɡ
ĸѡ񣬶ȷںδͩѡһ򣬻жȥ
֮ʱпռ䲨ģиܹ׷ٵɲͩǾ뿪˵Ϊ
һ죬ȻһƬ
ͩͨߣӶ磬ȨޣȷԼķλֵ֮ͩң
ͩǴֵԶУﶨʮꡣͬʱҲѰͻռĸҩ
ڵķλЩУ;Ȼᱻ˷֣мһ©ǿ뻢ڡ
ԣͩһĵΪڻǱһʱ䣬ȵͻռ֮ٻС
ӴΧҵһԲֻСĵʲôҲûУֻɽʯ͸ʯֲҲֻһЩӲݣûϵľҲûκԡ


164  Ǳ
Ļĵ֮У֪ж٣ܱţϵƤëҪ༸ٱĻĵ񶼲ʺ˵סˡ
ԣĻĵͩ˵ѵ֮أΪСûûԴͩӵЩһнС
ͩһСӣɢһЩʯ漴С˽ȥȻ˱֮󣬱ڡ
үǻؼˣЩһҰɣҵǣͻƵռˡĵؽе
ˣȥʱջһ飬ȻǱչΪͻռ׼ͩ˵
ǣүȥջҪǴµĴָΪ٣Ҫһ
ڼ䣬ջ֮Ҳȥ͹죬ʱĹѾͩ˫޵µ׼ֻǻû¶İˡ
ʿһ㣬ݣӵǿҵУΪвƴۣĳ̶ֳ˵ʿĸҪö࣬ΪˣʿǱ˴֮ĸ鼤൱ط⽨⽨˼룬ԼŮʿ֮еĴƵλʵһΪķ⽨ᡣ
ֹģͨ磬ΪƼֹŮԵĵλƽƽʿ֮Уֹռ80Ů֮ȴԵŮʿĵλȻԵõ¡һ룬ŵŮԣȻҲҪΪĹߡ

ңںİ壬ڹؼܵİ壬һڶʢʱڡʱ䲢̫ʮѣʮʱ䣬һķչ˵ѾɹѵĴҵڣڷչ֮СȻҲһЩΪļ壬ȻԵø⡣
һλ覵䣬Ȼû𻨼ϲ̫ķӦͬҲûҵ治ÿ
ԣɳ˲առʿ׷ɱͩ˾޶ͣرͩվеͽ׵ɢ޺ʿΪ֮
ϼϾҪģֻɳռʿ׷ͩʥ򼶱ϵʿǶǵλޱȳߣǼĶ֧ôɳȥ׷һССռҪǴȥҶΪںЦ
˵ˣҵʥʿĿʵڱȲЩ̹İ壬ɳȥһһжˣҿɾҪ˽ˡ
ټϺҲڵѰƽ䣬ں
ڲͣߣʼʱֻռʿģռʿЩĵġȻֻռ֮еʿһʿ֮У϶ǳռá
ͩĵڶ죬Ҿҵͩͳķλʼ˴Ѱ
Ŀ֮Уͩעű֮
үҺǲصù죬ҪĻ¾ͻᱻǷ֡µؿŻϵѰģռʿԼռʿ˵
٣ȥΣյĵطȫĵطֻҪҸ꣬ͻ˵أҲţھͲƤӵ¡ͩһ˵ڱڵСϿվʿȥҲвʿϵѰ
ʦСĽѲ飬ͩû»ӲܶȵѲ顣

үɴùؽ޼ɣȻվҲұ֤ٷ֮ٵͻƼʣйؽ޼ԹؽĶҶ֮Ź֮󣬾ǼõĶ¯һүͻʧܣйؽ˫޶¯Ͷһλᡣڿͻ֮ʱֱӽؽԪʹүܹٷ֮ٵĳɹͻơʱ
ҵνҲǿȱˡͩⷽǳԭ򣬵һҲǿȣҵ֮Ƕĵˡ粻ǵˣͨѣͩԲǿȱˣǿŤĹϲ𡣲ͩҲظڶһ˫ް£֮ǾԲᷴԵġ
ԵĻǷ⣬ǳͷβαˡ
ⷽȥͨүıǡЦ漴뿪˿ңȥҹˡһ㣬ͬԼ˼ǣĺôȻһ
ȣڹԸѾ൱ϤˣӸдᣬͻֲƶʣպദȻǢҲܸõطү
ڶԼͻռʵû̫ĵףӵվͻƵļҲᳬ߳ɣҪۼܹȥͻơĻʵ̫ˡԣүܹ˳ͻռĻͨ˫޷ͻƵļɣͻռҪ˳öࡣ
ǾԲι뿪ģΪѾ֪ͩܡйܣʿ̰үȻʮΣգүΣգԼҲòȥ

ؽ㣬𣿡¥ں˿̹ѾᵽиסͩĺС¥Ҳһβ̵ľ롣
ãɣôˣ˹Ҳߵ¥űߡ
㣬һ¡ЦݵŹ¥
˹Ĺ뷿Ͱ¸˹硣
ýζ֮󣬲̾һȻǷǳзǳ£ֿΪҲǹһֱ
ٹ죬ҺүҪչǱˣ¼ʮǲصģСˣһǸ㱨ţΪѯ㣬ǷҪޡ˵ֹס˹ķԣ˵ؽ˿ھ
ʼ̫Ŀھһʱ֮䣬ᣬԪ𶯣Ԫ֣
Ԫֵùһʱ֮侪ǵĹؼңĹҲؼн׵Ĺ嵱궦ʢ֮ʱеǿҲ켶ͽ׹ƾŹ񼶱𡣿ϧҵ䣬켶ͼؼҵϵһȥڵĹؼǿҲؼ壬Ȼϵ߹Ҳֲ
һ񼶹ǰùβ𾪵ôͣ


165  ʮ
ı飬мֽҵĵ̣񼶹ǰҲĵ̡պүϼܹΪ塣ʲô
ȷʵˣؼȻҵ䣬Ͼƾõʷ˽񼶹ļֵ
ĹȼԽߣЧʾԽߣͻƿļҲԽߡԣ߼˲иļʴﵽߵľ硣
κι񣬱ϾֻǸ񣬿ǶԷĸеţͨԷĸȴ൱ӣͻƿԵʮס
˵һʿǻƼȴȫһķʱĹͲҪˡΪķܹԴһŹŹֱָ񼶹Դ
ڴĹʵǰԴģԴĹ񼶹ԴĹ켶ͬؼʥǿԴġ
ȻͩʥĹȻǳԽ񼶹ķ롣ͩкôҲлôܹȷķ棬ܹܿΪ·ǰ߹ģѾߵͷˡԣͩѰһԼ·ڻСʱһߣÿһʿģԲŻôʿʦѧգѧûκһʿܹܾ񼶹ջ󣬾ûУ

ؽ㣬׹ֻдͷʼ˵һ˫񹦣Ůġ̫Ϻͣڳƾƿв˼֮Ч˵漴һͶʮöڹǰת뿪ˣ뿪֮ǰתͷ˵ǰؽԼѡҲΪҼүµƸ񣬹ؽ˼С
뿪ˣԼ¥׼չˡ
ͩҲʼ׼ȽϵƵ˺¥֮£ۣüҪҺ
ߺ󣬹ϸ鿴һ֮һջ̵ĸоûѡ񣬷򣬷е˼רĵȥչ
һº󣬹»ص߽ҡһ֮УѾϸǹˣʵų⣬Ȼɷϣһ㹦֮ģȴܷԼĵʵС
ޣھԽߵʿԽѣԼԴĹռʿޣһַϵΪĸо㹻ԴͿԿٵػָΪ
ǰʮ꣬ͩרʧʮ֮󣬳ɹؿ¯Ƴ˽Ӥһ¯Ӥɵöͩһ漴ңʽʼչǱޡ
Ϻͣ˵ԪڽˣԪﵽƽ֮ԭ˵Ϊʹվż۷壬ͣذԪΪȴܹԪ
ÿһ꣬ڵԪȫ滻һΣΪԽ
ǻۣΪʲôվżʿһֱͣһΪҪĻۣ۵ԽԽãͻռļʾԽռʿΪһ㣬˵زռ
ʱһΣʮȥˡ

ںʮʱһζǹͩͣȻûбȡֻôȥˣ˵Ҳ½˲١
ʮʱ䣬ȻëûҵǻͩҲͬѰƽͩ
˵ͩеԩˣͩ鷳Ǻ֯Ҳͩ䣬Ǿƽˡ
ܿϧûҵõͩ䡣
ƽͬû֪
ֵǣĻڣڵӱɱȴûа㷴Ӧ
ԭ͵ĺͻȻӿ䡣һеı仯һСĵΪķġ
ԶСĵʮ֮һС׵˵ţһСռݣ˵ƷȴнӽеƷʣµ֮еļƷ
мɷ֮࣬һֻޣһֻޣβסŲ弶ʿʵ˱˾һʿ˳ռ鵺֦ɢҶǧꡣ
һգ鵺֮ϣһλ͡
Եѣ겻չٺᣬ԰ԳӭڵһʿΪţӿӭӹ͵ų׼
ѣضͻȻȴǴˡһʿļΪ
룡˿ûе԰ӭţڴ͡

˷ֱ£˻ңϸشһʿڵԵ⼸꣬нĽ
ֻһССĽˣֵһᡣʿǫ
һһҲʮּѵİͻȻ̾ռ֮󣬼һпһֱƿϲôռ֮ҪԴ࣬ԴĵȼҲߡһɢ޵Ӿ͸ѹˣԵռ֮󣬴󲿷ʿѡǼһЩѰԴ
ȻѡĻǳͥ볯֮ͥȻǣͬʱҲӰȫҪ볯ͥҲҪɸѡģܹġ
ԣһĳǰ׵һĻԵʿӿڵ
ԵǺλԵҲǼΪʵ
ѿ˵ʿʵ
Щӡ롭ϸػһ£һһĴȽеˣǰǸ
ûдʿش
쳯ʷΪһλүڻʼңǻ׹ݣʥϲΪؾǰںڵܱ
쳯֮Уʾѷ⣬ֻܱΪֻҪ׹ݲܱΪշ⹫ҪΪʼӵҪͬҲ
ԣһ֮ԳΪںͳߣΪѼ壬塣˭ţһ쳯үȻΪūΪṩ鱨
ȻǱ鱨ŷ֣һս䣬䵳ɨһգ⸽չ鳯ͥϽ


166  ԪӤɣ̤գϣ
棬ʲôЩܼɵ˵Ҫ֪ʮĴɲմһɡȻѾ֮á
׵ѲҪţ׵Ҳ˵֮ǱĳĶȴһֱûбҵһĳǰһĻԵѵġʿЦݵ˵
˽ĶϢʱҲɼ漴ʹ֮ҡҡͷϵţԵѲĳϸһǲᶯġ
ã׵ѹȻӦ֪ǧһֱЧڻϼ塣ʿ˵
Ȼ֪Եѵõ£ȴѡĻϼ壬Ҳϵ档˵ͷӦںôÿһλͻƵռɢ޻϶ò£ǿŵʵ
رǼ壬ֻǿ˵ķչԴٶܹ࣬ӿֳռʥǿߣҲ൱޵ġ
ʵ֮ǿҪĻǼĴڣеİ壬ȥڣһЩŻҪСҵȥںһӣʵϻҵĵʵޣֻ֮һλ棬λʥǿߣλʥǿ߶ǻˣһǻյͽܣһĿ䳤ϣֻһʥǿ߲ǻҵıˡ

ڻϼ֮УµĲǰ棬λʥǿߡڻҵİ󲿷ֶڱչ񣬳ľ硣ȻǿԪƾãɱϾҲԪҲ޵ġ
ΪҰ˰ѪǰΪʦʿش
²Ȼɣ˿ûôúŪ꿪ͽļҲв٣ʿĲָ֮ħΪҪһħʥǿΪʦأ
֪϶㡣һܣǺ׵Ѷ汾ԴģĳĽ֮󣬾Ͳ⴫ĳתߣʿǳǿӲ˵
ãϷͷġ˻֣صطһԡ
ǧǰĳҵʦô淨ĳҵʦļǻǰսңںŴ֮һϼ壡ʿ˵š
ԭǰںǿĵľŴ壬ΪĹϵͥϴϼ֮һԼȻһЩ©֮㣬ͷ桢տزдеʿҵʦһѾǾͷˡ
ʿȴʦ֪һܣ𸮵ĵص㡣Ϊһ˱ϵĶ֮⣬Ȼһܱ𸮴ڣڻ˲Ϊɽʱ
֪صûãûп𸮵Կף˭Ҳȥ
ʿĶʦ壬꣬ҵһЩʿˣΪ˿뻨ҡ

ϼ嵱Ӧͥ٣Ķ֮һϹұһȺϷ֣ϼҲ˻㹻ԴŽ˸ٷչʱڡ
ܱ𸮵Կʵˮˮֱ𽻸屣ܣ屻֮ˮҲʹ֪ˮܣˮ˳Լҷ֧ãʣһˮ
ʿ뻨ңǧҵˮֻһŶůĹ鱦û𻨼̫ӣֻΪһսƷڻҲرСʿһֽ֮󣬵õˮˮȫˡ
գﰵ˼Ƭ̣ʵȻˣԵѻϷʲô
Ҫ𸮣ôס֮ʱ⣬˶ˮ֮ܿʱռǿ֣ҪѪͨˮ𸮣֮еر󷨾ͻѹиռǿڡʿڽ͵
Ѫ⵽ȥƵʵ
ʦ֮ǰѪѪˣˡʿ
š˵ͷϸ˼ţһʱ䣬ͷӦãͳռҲǧˣԪľ֮ǰҲͻƵվżȻˣҲԸΪһ
ܺãҳѪˮ׵ѺֻβףҵأҪɡʿ˵
ãĳɾĳɣ˵Ҳ̰ģͷӦ

ȻʿˣΪ˵ֻβףΪһռǿԪһ˾ܵãֳɵʱȴֻҪһɾͿˡʿؾҪֳݣʿԿ
ֻǽһ䣬Լĳ޷βףʿһͬɳ鵺
Զʮ֮һСĵϣͩϥڰУȻûֱͩӴӱ֮гΪãڴͬʱޱ䣬һ޴гΡ
֮ͩҪ֮гΪҪͻƲܹﵽ޶ȵ
ϾֻһС磬ϵҲı䲻ıʡͻСԣҪ۵󾳽ͻƣͻơ漰һЩ汾Դİأͨʿ֪ͩĴ֮ȴ䡣
ͺһҪڱ֮ĴǧƲܴﵽЧ
ƵӤͩ˿̲ûн˫֮ƾԼתķֻͩʮĻۣЧȴȫʤƽʿʮϡڻϣͩЩ˼ǧϹ
ͩѾ˷⾳гɣɵͻƼʣӤͻƼʣվӺͻƼʣǰ϶ܹͻƳɹ
ȻҵһͿʼֿˡҪԪƣ꣬ԪƵӤֳһԪӤϣ̻ԪӤ
ԪӤ֮ʿܽвķԪӤ̻һ̶ϣʿշ֮ңԪӤֻ֮ͩҪԪӤҴܹٴν


167  ԪӤɣ̤գ£
ͩӽ𵤣׼֮Ȼ˽𵤣漴һĨССӤͷƵ
ţħþϮͩҲ޷ӣֻܱܵתŬʹýɢ
ڴͬʱԪӤͷ֮ſһеͩڣԪӤʳ֮УƬʼڻΪԪӤľ粿˫֡ȵȣһһ͡Բڵӿ֮УΧ
ûдӱ֮гΪڱأͩһΪ̵ĸǳԽ񼶹ġ¼ͩΪϣڹԽԶʤͩԭӵеͻƼʣһԴڻۣԴͻƼֻһңԴڻۣԴڹ
Ͼֻ޼̫ԼͻƵĻֻаɵļԴڹ˫޹һ룬һΪ൱ͬʱͻƣֻӰɼʣҪһΪһͻƼʾͽõ
һ
൱֮ҺֵһƬ޺Уûж̡
ԪӤڵõİ֮£سɳţԪӤѾȫͣȻԵ鸡ûọ̈̄Ȼڵ֮УԪӤҪ岻ڱ¶һޣԪӤԶʹӤһޣջҪʿˣת̣ⲻܹɵġ
ͩ˵ʶȴǱڻþ֮в԰Ρ

ʿͻռѵ鵤ڻ꣬ڻ֮УȻȻħڣʿҪȫɹħֻҪŹڻɣħԶɢȥ
ŹͶɹȫߵѶҲǲͬն
ͬģʿͻռ֮õɱ䣬ǿ꣬ؼĸַһֻصĸо
ɵʿȴһԪӤ֮ԪӤϿȡɵʿطǽЩ¼ԪӤڣ¼ķԽ࣬ԪӤɳԽǿһֱڣǲ¼Ḷ́һжΪ˿׼
ʿԵһӽںϷ򣬶ɵʿǵӽǸƿط̸˭ǿ˭ͬɵʿһʿǿҪǿж
иƣʿշһ֣ɵʿշһ֡ʿ֮ǰ޽٣ڳ֮ƿƣΪ׷󡰴ԲַΪѡɵʿ֮ǰ־ѡ֮ңڣΪԽһٵĳɳ׶Σ˲ûôܵˣַͲַ
ԪӤħ٣־֮һɱ⡣Ʋ˴˽٣ԶҲΪٽ
Ǻܲɵǣ׵˺ʿȴԶ֮ע⵽ߵ

ף֣㿴ǱߡʿָԶƽ˵˿֮أʮһ֮ңǿʲôġ
˲óһ̽ϸһƣ˵ǱԪۣųҡӦĳֻĶͻƽ׶ΡҾԲһĶޣϹ֡
˶һ൱˽⣬֪Ǹûʲô鵺ʿͻƿڴһ㶼Ǻ޻ǷͻƵµġ
֣˵ǹȥոΣֻ޳ɹͻƣǾͰˣȡ޾ʿ
ϷΪǲҪ֦Ϊãʵ̫ˣֻ޲öԸǻǸ·ҪΪ˽֦أһöռ޾ʲô
޷ǹȥһۣб˾ռûǼ·ǣֻԶ·ˡʿش
ֻõͷ˭ѰʿΪأ
˸ıһ·򣬳仯ķλȥٶȲ죬Ҳ
ϼļפءһܵ»ٿ
ϯֻˣࡣλ˶ס
Ѫ֣ǵߵӿɳˣλеһ΢Цʵ
ϵܷıǣһоҵ֮СѪħƽػش
ǰѪħӰ󷨣Ȼ鴫һ˿ڵԵСһﻹΪЩΪҵȵ治֪ʵһо֮Уĳû뵽Ȼܹ˴һ㡣ܱ𸮣ںû뵽ջ񰡡һλʥǿߺ˵
Ѫǣ˾ϼλʥǿߡ
ܿϧֻռʿܽȥҵȴԵһ𸮵ĿѪ̾ħӰ󷨣һַֻӰ֮УĿһ˼Ӻͼ֮⣬һЩãͲһһˡ
ʿΪһнƿ֮Уʵȴû뵽벶ȸں
졢еأǶ˽վżҲЩˣһ𸮿ֵһ˰ɣסҪţмǶڳ˵
ֵܶͬӦ

ͩ͵һʧʶħ֮˳һΪȣǰҵ̤죬ƣ
ǿħҲ޷;ҳ
ͩ˫ͻȻſڣϵ͵һٶȼӿʮͩɹħ٣תӤԪӤڴͬʱͩʶӵ棬͵ط𡣶ɹŲ磬֮Уأԭ½ӵģܹ֪Զ֮ǿգһصͩʶͩꡣ
ͩһ̵õһʵͩоԼ⾳ڷµĸ˼֣ͩкȻ䲻һˡ
˲֪ãͩʶһλصڣ˶·Ȼһ£֮УһССԪӤڵ룬·Һ̬Ԫ۳ɵԪԪӤ˫ۣһһӤһһ㱦һһСתׯ¡
ͩоһֿУԭͩһεʹڵܹɸǿķ
ͩӷתԪһѵõĺûᣬȵɢҵĻᣬǲܵˡ
ʱؾͷ·һ©ͣػ۹ٴ©ͩ
ʶꡢԪӤ֮ѸһǳԵ̣ܹȷظܵĿС
һ̣ͩͷ·֮һ㣬ʮأң


168  
ԪӤ̤աͩˣ̤ͩ˸߽ʿżˡûдռµʿֻеͽʿռͿԱ֮Ϊ߽ʿˡ
ռԪɴ5000֮ãÿһСԪ˳ӳһꡣǧԪܹôãֱϹˡˣһ𣬱ΪˣϷΪϹ֡һ֮ƾͿʼ֡ǿܹ꣬£÷֮
ͩ겻һٶ꣬ռǧԪ֮УþͺӤһ㡣ζǱζŻиʱȥѰͻơ
ԪӤˣһǻڣͩҹڽеһգͩ˹ΪḶ́а̾Ϊ˴ﵽЧͩ˼ƷʯƷʯԼʮվʯ
֮;ɽٳɣֽһ
ͩû뿪ϥϸԪӤڵĲ֮ͬתľתԪʹͩķ̶ȾԲվż۷ʿ
ʱͩȻ˫ۣϷ
ӰԶһ׶һŷߡ
ףȻʿڴͻơΪ˵
ϧˡʿԶԶҲͩӰ޵ǿԳô˻ɱȡʿĻҪ˼һЩˣȻ򣬵˭ұ֤λʿûк̨Թ޳û֮£ͬʿ֮ٱսرΪﵽռռϵʿЩʿ൱ϧû㹻˷棬ǲụƴġ˵ˣһͻռʿˮж
˺ʿ˴˽һ
ȻˣǾȥкұʿֶһͬ΢Ц

ö߽֮ʿͻȻȵͩ
ʶֵʵ
ɽɱ˻覣û׽õСһҼǵʮǰֻվż۷Ϊ벻ʮһΣȻɹͻƵռʿ̾
ԭǼֵҩԼöƷʯҲеͽʿͣһЩռʿҲᶯġ
٣̤ЬٴȫѹǳŴ˾粻ȣ´ˣͿɱһö޵޾˶ġʿ̾
ԵѣαأֲͻƿҩȻ󣬿Ҳ޴ѰöƷʯ˵ֻһСΪ棬ֶԸһͬʿĳûȤ˵ػشǻȥѰҪνڴ˷ʱˡ
׵Ѵ˵ȺƬ̣ĳȥλүӢۡʿȴǲûᡣ
һҡҡͷͣΣվʮ￪⣬ΪһСһͬʿ̫㣬ֲԼΪͻơ
˻ҵʿͬŻ꣬˾ϸϰߣشʱ򣬻ϸȨʧԲ׵ͬʿ
ͬʿ֮䣬ѹԵƻϵͬʿΧܹ֣ܶҲɱ֡ռһǧϵ˭ûһܵı£ҪǵͬʿԼǲ£µɾͲˡ

ͩСӣ벻㣬ҵȡͷԻȡٺöʿֵĸԭڣ˸ɵֻܻͩȡҩԼöƷʯ
ȴǻҵĿ䣬ȡͩͷȥ֮󣬿Ҫֵı˵ռΪͻСƿĵҩЩһսԼԴóȥ͵ģΪһռСʿΪһռĻҵӣҲͬ
ϼ己ʮֱ꣬ϵϵĻѪ֪жˡռĻҵӣӵвʮҪÿһռҪüսԼԴȥͣǻϼԸпˡ
㻮һ£ռʿ֮пͻռľӢӣҲˡ覾پӢ֮һһپʮŸֵöüսԼԴȥ͡ԣͩһ̬һ档
ȻڻپӢ֮УһĹӵţȷʵû澡ʧΪ˶ŭҲ
ȶԣƽ鷳ɾͱͩöˣ˾һλӣӣ٣֪ληء
ͩޱؿʿ˹ʵг𣿡
ûУĳ˻ҿ䣬㣬ۡʿڳһ߸ϵ̬˿ûаͩУһͻռʿֶΡװͣռˮ׼Ҷ̶һ첻ҲԲọ̈̄ļʿĶ֡
ԭˡͩ˵ͷ

ͩһԶһλռʿóλռʿǲ׼ֵģ˱ϾһȻʶҪ֣ҲԷְæ
ԣҪһܵĻսپ
ռʿͩѾǵһˣͩС֮ʱɽ֮Уʶռʿƣ£ڷؾ֮УնɱһռǿߵļĻֻķֻꡣ
һһһȫʢʱռʿ⻹ǵһΣͩҲʶһԼռ֮󣬷֮ʵж
ͩ˴˫˫ϲ֮С
ʿкҲһȾһռʿѾܹŹرʦĳ̶ֳϣռʦռʦͶͬģֻǻͬʦͬˮʦȫ෴ʦʦܹͷ깥
һռʿļʿ깥һ㲻д󰭣ֻѣⲻ˵ġͩһͩͭǮػ꣬ʿ깥ͺ΢紵һƨҲûУ൱졣
ۣͩͩռͭǮҲ޸һӾ޸ѺۣǣһͩȻ˴˱Ȼ˵Ӱ𾪡ôһ£ѵһ겻ɣ
ͩһгӽһֱԷȥ
ʿһװȫƷߣһˮǽͩȫһĽˮǽû


169  ѻط
ʿһЦ˵ССӣһӵ֮䣬һ޴ĵ۴
Ͻӵ֮䣬Ӱһ֮ΪֱϮ֣öַʤһʦгֶ̹ΡȵĽ͵Ҫöࡣ
˲Ͻͩߵ˽⣬ȻǳǱսߵƷϣѾԱ֮ΪˡǿʿڣԪҲõһʹӵӦ֡
ҪǣƷ߶ӡϽ׻ǵؼ½׵Ĺ˳ͷ֮£˷ʤ
ͩһûжһǽʽʩչ
һµľ޴󵶺ײ
䡪֮˾޴ıըನռʿ
ͩаԳԾԼȻʮ̫ǿˣһͩûжý⣬ĽмͷŶѡ
ʿӰȴǳͩԼըನڵ֮£ͻȻӱը֮˳һɽصӭͷ¡
СӣȻսʱѰ·ʿһƽƽ棬ȴ̺صص֮⾳⾳ԣȻλʿûȫ̤뷨֮š
ͩǳеز׽һ˿µĴڣ˿ҵ
һƽ̣٣
һ̺ͩľ֮⣬һ̺֮£

ཻһûǿҶ񱩵ıըֻе֮⾳뷨ıƴڷϣ߲£ͩʤڷռȻûȫʿﵽļھѷͩȴԶʤԳƽ⾳ϵıƴͩȴʤԷ
ʽϣͩõ񼶽Էõ಻ؼ½׵
ֿͩ˿ʿȴҪһˡ
ûд٣һһʵȴ仯һ֮пݻʿסһȴûеסڶ͵
һﱻơһڸܴ
ͩҲǼΪһӾͰѴ˸ϵˡ
ʿҲƣɵ﷢࣬׷Ī
ѣ飡żط˹ɵʿߣϸһ¶Էơ
ʵ̫ݶˣתͷŭ˵
ԵʴȾǶԼ̡ͩػش
ˣһ㶣Ҳ֪ʵʿ̫̰ԭ˫ûгԹʿǵͩΪУͱ
˲Ϊʿ򱨲ƽż𸮵£ʿȻ˸ˣƣκˣΪҲٻָˣﱻƣֱѰƣ޸ҩʿһˡ
ףɱɱʿؽе˷ΪɱҪʹ࣡
죬Ѿľ֮ļ£ҼһҲǴ˶֡һ˵
ʿˣʱҡ

ÿһ˼ǧ꣬Ȼһ˷µĶ֣ǶôĿ¡ռʿֳɾŸʵϣŸǰշֵġͨռʿ֮䣬ƴľǷϵĲ졣
һ⣬Ǿ˷µռӢʿϣռʿͿԿʼ򣬵ֻۣʵϣ˳ϵռʿֻǻڷ֮ŵżֻ̤˽ȥȴһֱס̤ȥ
һŷ£ҪʱĪ츳󲿷ռʿ˷Ԫⷽ棬ǸͻƵʥ򼶣񼶱
Ϊʥ򼶣Ԫһϣǿ󣬱汾ԴҲռҪʮʥԪռһռʮɵҲᶺռ˷Ԫȥ
񼶾͸ˣԪʮϣǿ󣬲ٶȱʥֿ˰ٱҲ˵£һһķ£൱ռʿһǧáԣ񼶱ǲʱڡ
ͩ㣬վżѾ˷µļһֱǹ
ˣˣ¸ˡͩ˵գתҪ뿪Ϊͩ۷Ӱһ꣬Բһռʿꡣ
׵ѣҪõ𸮵ĻͰҳˣΪұ𡣡ʿԹؿͩݺݵش˵
䱦Ȼסͩͩż߰ҸղԷ˵ʲô𸮡ȻʿĴ֮ûù䱦

𸮣ֺһ޶½һǧ߰ٶʷ֪жʥ񼶱ʿԪľ˲ٶǵĴУµı֮вɢ޶˵ѰЩʿĶ˶
ͩϽʶϵϣѯϡ
Ϸǳò飬һϾͱͩ鵽ϸһƣʱˡȻһһȻײ㣬ȴ쳯үռ֮أ主п֪
϶ȴûκμأͩмơ
ͩһ̤鲽ʹͻȻʿ˳һưʿԴϣʩչѧ᲻õѻط
˼ˣҪֹ
ڴʱһǿѹʿӰ֮д˳һӰֹס֣
ͩȴѾʼѻˡ
ʿ־ޱȵغţǿѻʹ࣬ͺñ˺һĿ¡
ǲ֪;֣ܶͩһ˵
˺ͰѪֻ궼Ͷ
ѻڼһʱ֮䣬ĺϿգֻʣϮԼʿҽ
˺ͰѪֻ˿ʿȴû˿ͬ飬ԭһжޱ˳ȴһ֦
Ѫֻ껹һЩȴǶͩΪɵԶһЩ˷βסͬʱϸһӰ
ԭǰѪǰˡϵֻӣͬʱҲﰵʿǲ۲۵ĴԼ˶ֽŶ֪ҴԲѵȥѰֱͺ뻢ûʲô
ףٺ٣֪㣬ƢԲͽҪгϢöࡣѪûзϡ
ʿǿѻ꣬ʶɢȻûҲɰ׳ˡ
ͩԥذʿ˸⣬ȻһŰºιȥˡ


170  Э
һ֮Уλʥǿ߶ŰѪķֻ꿴˷һС
ɶ񣬾ȻСӡŭҲʮֿõһСȴ˸ɱϧַŭѪɱ
֣Ҫ嶯ΪءصȰûжͩκεĺ͵⣬Ҫ侲öࡣ
һ˷µţʦţ֣ΪûŪ˵ϸ˵ϾԷһɱҵӵܣһ̡ѪͺһֻǻҵĿ䳤ϣڻСӵ⡣ֲǵǼ뻨ңһʦѧգһΪԴû˽֮ǰǶ²ؼ߸߹һС䣬ʲô
ʹõѻطΪнһСط̨ȻѪ֣̽һСӵĵϸ
Сӣ벻㾹ȻʩչѻطɣֻҪ˵𸮵ص㣬뻨ҵĶԹʹһʹΣѪķֻ꿪
ķֻֻ꣬бʮ֮һսʤͩѣֹ˶Էܡ
ң˵䲻ģĳûںССĻҡǻα̫ݣĳҲǻҲκνҿԿ϶¾ĵĻյĽֻм³ͩ˫˵
Բѣϼǰ壬ѵͩ½Ҽ岻ɣѪһ𣬹ŭ̽
ȷʵǳҼ壬ĳӶűŵӣǰȷҪ𣿡ͩʮʵ

Զڻҵλʥ֣ͩĻ֮󣬲ԼͬصһӶǺεȻĴڣԸԴ½ĳңҲӶᡣ
ģڵСǻƿڴ
ѪһֿŻǣ˵֣㵱ң˵ǸôСģǾʹЭű˴˵ĶԹԹ
֣Ҫ˼аǹϵŻҵⲻáӶռųԱȺ֮Уһﲻġ
ûдҲ˵ӶռϵŵӣǱúܵġѾСΪ˸ѪĴۣ¿ɲӶᡣѪͬʮֽСĵ˵ķ裬ֻѡ뻨ҡ˻ңͶӶᣬֻбȺˡ
ɶ񣡡ĸ߽ʿȻȽ˽Ӷ磬ͩûͻռôɱͩӶҲΪ˳ͷڶ֣Ǿ͵Ӷϣ˵ǻң쳯ĻҲ𡣡ԹǵﲻӶᡣ
˵ǰͩڻǰϰСڵĻӶǰ϶Ȳϡ
ִ˾ӢһռСˣ㲻ʲôһڻѧգҲӶġ
Ѫ֣ó֤ӶˣǾͺϷ𸮵ıأǵĻҾԶɵˡεѡЭɲԸⱻƭ

ߣЦһ˶ðӶĵӣк֤Ѫֻһ˵
ͩ΢΢һЦóϵĸߣ˵㲻֤ԵӶƺ̡
ѪȻʮ֮⣬˿Ӱ죬÷ǳӶڲԱŻᷢŵĸߣûãֻһЩúͨӶڲ磬֮ʹԱ
ͩߵͬӰܡ
ѪмּɵӰѾ¼﷢һУȲ˵ܲɱܹͩɵͩҲô
ᣬᣬԭʦţ׾ˡ¿Ա֤ΪУСҵûм֮ǰᣬΣѪѹЦ
ҵˣɵ˾񣬶԰Ѫͩⳡ̸йע
ǳ̾һӶˣǼðġɵҶ𣬻ǻԹΪڻǲԻ޾˼ֲСȷʵڹǻˣʲôãƫƫӶĹص˵֮Σ
Ѫıһ˵ѹͽ׵ر㱻˸ˣӶŹȻǹ˲ŰͷѾռ̤˷֮ţġҵͩһЩϣͩĻϻǺܺòġնǳ֪ͩ
ͩ΢΢һЦ˵ԩ˽ⲻ˽ᣬȻǰ˵ᣬ͹֮ǰĶԹһʹ˰ɡ
ãǻ̳Եѵͣ͵ûзѪ½۵

ʹˣͩ⿪ᣬͩЭ
Ҳȷʵ൱Ѹٵظϼһִȥȡͣҹһᡣֹ᲻ᶪҸںܹһΣͲˡ
ͩɸѡѻõļ䣬жʱ˽⵽𸮵Ļͩ룬һαչؼͻƣķ˽߳ɵľʯԴͩһõ˴룬ŻӶҪһԴء
ı𸮣һ쳯үղأɲСĿ
˿ɾ鷳ˣǺʿһѰģ;¹ʣǽѣҪ˳ȴ±ڣҪǴȥֱǸʮ
ѪǰУҿԷ±ԴģԲй£һȥ֮󣬷⵺ꡣ˷ǳǵѡ˷
Ѫȴںδ¡
Сѣ˼أѪֻⶪͩ
ȻˣѾͷİɡͩΥԭɱһɵİˣȻһҪΪУϾûжֲǣ˵ˣʿµıԴĻ൱пŶȵġ˵ҲǽһԵ˵Ҳһ塣
˴Ҵҵط±Դģת뿪˴˵أٶȷ׵ȥˡ
ѪЦЦ˵ͩСլʺ񣬱Ѫ޵ﵹǲɵöǰ˸߿˼֣ؽϣҵһھӢûһȵϴˡ


171  ռĽ
ˣֻʣˣ𸮵ıأСΪηأѪʵ
ϲĸ֣Ӧþ·˰ɣͩʵԶͭ飬ȻѪʿ϶ֽţȻ׼;غ
ûд˴ɳλռʿ¡Ѫͷش
Ҫλռǿһʩ𸮵ص㡢ԿԼҪԼҵ񣬶ĳϡͩ˵û˵ȥ
˼ԣȨͩУƾʲôҪ㻨Ұװռˣ
ϼѾֱˣµı׼ǧ꣬еͩϡΪʲôΪûѻطֻĵĻ󣬵ʿΪҵص㲢򿪱ڡӵͩһѻطͶֱѻˡ
ͩȴ˽ѻطԣطȻڹԼʵû̫۵ãط൱õġҴطϲ˴
һЩļӵдطϰ߶һŲ׼⴫
ðɣ֪кѪֻ̾
Ժڶ棬ҵѶ롣³ռҪһʱͩ˵ͩû׼Ҳôæؽȥı𸮣֪ûΣա
ԣѿܹ֤ϢйѪֻ˵ͷ˵ͩҪʱ乮Ϊǿġ
ҿԷ±ԴģййϢҵʧǱҪ˫ͩ˵
û⡣Ѫܵͩĳ⣬ͷӦֻҪͩйϢɵõ˵

ͩ밵Ѫֵ֣ȥ
ҵĶ൱죬ѸٵȡͣһᡣϢ൱Ѹ٣ͨʿ֮ѶܿںСԼһЩ·ɢ޶յϢҵķӦһľȺͲ⡣
ɢڲ෹󶼻ụ֮佻ϢϢȻŹ
ѵߵˣ
϶ߵˣȡͣҲһᣬһԻҵǿƣһ覹ӣȻᣬö尡
٣ѹͩҶ֣ʹظɵˡԭ˼޿ְͩǳĳҵϵɣ
˵ͩһңȴǻҡ
ƨ˵ͩңĳпܼ̳дͳġ
ۡңΪǿΪʵֱҵż񣡡

һºͩͨ󣬻صУһͨչعΪˡոͻռһļʿһܣͩ˵ӰġΪˣͩŻѰʱѹ꣬Ҫʱıʱ䡣
ڱչ֮ǰͩͰͻƵϢϴӶܲ
漴ر˸ߣչعΪͻƾʹæһսӰ죬ͩΪ˻ʱ䡣
ʱһζͩ붨֮ѹоһˬһսӰѾΪѾޱȵȹ̣޼ɵرȫյĵҲԪоʵˡ
붨֮֮ͩ̾Ͳ鿴ߣΪչ֮ǰͩϱԼͻƵϢӦлˡ

ϲ㣬֮ͻռɡ׵򣬾֥һ꣬λŰʮȨݱ仯ӽ㽫ܵӶıӻ㻹ʮʱ¡ʮ׼ʱһӶᱨ㽫ٻӶܲʽСͩϢ֮󣬲һ£׵ȷʵһʾ޿㹻úܳһʱˡ
ͩĻǾһ꣬һ꣬һšһ֥棬оſŹӡҲ˵ӶΪͩΪվżֱӽʡͩ۷һСһСͻƵ鷳ʹʱ䡣
ͩƣҪͻƵվżҲҪɣһ֥ʡͩޡʡʱ䣬ͩطʵ̫ˣ
ӶȻƴ֣ҩȻ͵ġôûпͻƵʥ֮һܹʥʿֱӵ۷ҩأ
ܹʥʿֱӵ۷ҩǾԴڵģΪӡһöͿʥһͻƵʥżӴĻۡÿʮ꣬ڲ೤һģʮ󣬲ȫɾӡӣһӡӵȵҲͻΪĹЧʥǿҩ֥һȣȫһεˡ

ͩӶȥ
Ӷᣬͩõ᳤ԽӴ᳤ţƽϣΪȻǰΪ
ɴ˿ɼӶˣ쳯֪жٸĳУ᳤ǰǵжٰ
һں֮еǿƼ壬Ҳһѣѹֻ֪ԼӶˣͲҷˡ
ǰɣǷֻܷᷢľ֥ҪԿŻ᳤ޱȿ˵֪Ҫ˶þҪлܴܲУΪѸһ˳Ļܰ빫ĳΪʦǿɲһˣá
лŻ᳤ӡӸοأͩûҵӵĻء
Ҫ˲ľƵʺͻϢֻҪ̽ˡŻ᳤˵
˾ͶлŻ᳤ˣ¸ˡͩûͣһض׼չЩˡ
һö֥£Ҫʿµʱ䡣
ͩĹԶ֮ߴ֮һٶҪѰʿöࡣһµҾܹһö֥
ͩϽصȻձ֮У׼
үɹͻˣӱչ֮гϲʵ
ǵģͻˣõһ֥֮˵ͩץʱ֥Ϊ뻨Լʱ仹ʱ䡣
ԭͩûоҪҪȥ𸮣Ϊ֮ĲޣҪѰĻɳıȻվżʿաֻͩһһʿĶվż˸СͩҲұ֤һʧ


172  վż
һꣿͩеһҩϲ˵
ţӶᷢġͩͷӦ
̫ˣүΪܹѸվżԽʡǧްүһٶ꣬ȣҪ˼ܹͻƵʥˡޱȿĵ˵
ͩ˵ͷ˵ȻѾͺһչأ˹Ҳ˳ĵ̣Щӣٰͻռͩ˵ͷ˵
õģүӦͩһαչأ˫֥֮
ͩΪž֥һŽһŵط£ʼ˷İͩ˹ٶּӿ˼֡ͬ治ǳȻվż۷޷ͻƣȴܹĵ̣֥֮棬˹ܹΪͬҲЧ
ͩҩͬʱҲõκһռʿ˵ǿĻԵ
ʱһΣһ¹ȥˣͩչصҵĴһγ̱ͩ¥˺ˮ֮С
ү̺ɡƽϢ˽Ȼ֮ǰ֮УȻһ̳սж
޷֥Ϊ͵ҽġͩ΢΢һЦش
ԭҪٶʮ²ܳصͩǰ˽ء
ͩ˿̵ΪѾﵽվżȫΪ

ʡ˰ʱ䣬طʵ
ʱܹأ仯ĻҪڲͨ˲٣ֹܵõӦ֮ǰͩ뱦һڶֵĿռᾧչĸֲϣ˿ֻҪ㹻Ĵ̥ǳ֮ĻԴ֮ʮϡ
ֹ˰ֹ֮꣬ͩͣǰѾ档
븰Լµʱ䡣
һ죬ϱĴ֮󣬾͸ߺүѾˡһƷʯ
ͩڱ쳯ĿƾѡΡ
ʮǰ쿪ţӢվǱǿƾѡεĻ
ǰ쳯ͿʼԤѡμӴ˴οƾԤѡģĿ俼ĿûΪƣͨҲܲμӡӵĻ俼֮Ϊ͹ơ
ռҪ£ռҪһǧ˰£ʥϾûҪˡ
ռռƿԣõֱֳѹۿʥϵĿƿҪշѣ֤ܹۿ
ͩڿľռƿԵֱֳ
꿼̭˾ųɾϵˣʣµȫ쳯˵Ƿ½ľӢʿ
ܹˣѾоˣԼ볯ͥЧ󾫣ҪõߵְλӣԴߡ
ڿʼľλĵ֣Ҳʮǿ֮

ͩһʹεֱҺǰأ׼һ£ҴһЩõսƷòĳƷ߶˳ȥ
ʮǿ֮ǣʮǿȫնΪˣ˸˵Ĺ䶼ûг˰ֻ꣬İٶ꣬ڶվż۷Ƹ֣ȫ֮еš
ͩ⼸ۿֱ֮󣬲Ÿ֮̾󣬹Ȼűʮˣȫǲ˷£̤뷨֮ŵţ
ʮڷ½˳쳯ˣֱ½½һ֮ƵĽӢ½һŵҩ鶫޺ޡϴ½һţףС졢½һŵı¥
˺쳯һ֮Ƶڷ½
ȻֻǸýĹɺƣóȷʵǳǿٵӸ֡ǵƽٶ꣬ӵ޵δ
ţܺáͩ˵ͷԼߣһۿӢֵĶԾ
үӢҲų½һţ˵˵½һӦԼүǡ
ҪСˣȻһЩ츳»ȲϴˡӢĳҲ˶٣ǳһС壬ƾŬﵽһġ˹䲻İٶʮ꣬Ϊﵽ̤뷨֮ţԴһ׽츳൱֮ߣʵǿͩص˵ڰӢ޺ޡףС졢¥˵УͩõĻǰӢΪĽޣ츳׿Խ˵ĳ൱֮ߣҲǳ壬޺޺ͻСǳڴ½֮һĻҼ塣

ߣҿǶү˵
Ҳɡͩ΢΢һЦûִʱȡҵĵ·ͬͩ޵ɣңѡѺףڽϣǰעڻ
޵ϣ׺ѣڽϣǰעڷ
ɶͷͷ;ͬ飬û̫ķֱ
ͩȴЩŸƣǾͩĴУѾе˻֮ͨСɡ
ͩľʶ֮У󶨵ͭǮͭǮȻֻ䱦Ǯķ֮һѾ޸Ѻۣ˿ԿʼͭǮٶһһöڲռ乲ٱһܡ
ٵ죬ͭǮĽܹȫɹ
ЩʿȻ츳пܳͩͩҲţܹԽǡ
ͩȡǿűһһȥʱȵĻͩԺҲͲҪˡ
ʱһμʮǿ֮Уӳɹӱеͽʿݡǣ쳯û˷ֳʤ
ʱٿƿڽоٵʿ쳯Ĺѧ֮УһʱľӢܸ߼ĹУиԴӢ˵ټȴ˵֪ˡ
ͩľѾתƵ½ɹͭǮȥˡ
ɹͩһ嵥Ĳ׼ãͿԿʼͭǮˡ䱦һݲϽͩ
ҪϰͩһҪ֪ЩͭǮҪһĿɢһȥ
ϻڵǿлͭǮٶһһöҪвϺ㹻ľʯһԷֻһö䱦


173  ռ佻׾
ͩϸһƣ嵥Ĳ϶ǳĲϣ󣬺ܺռǽŲɹһ
ʲôҲûʣɹȥˡ
ͩԭЩϣṩ䱦ȥл
ͩŻعʵôԴռ֮УЩʲô𣿡
ûпԴռ䣬ȵһöͭǮл֮󣬾ܹͬ׿ռ䡣䱦شڴͬʱͨǰɢȥûлͭǮ׿ռͬʱ硣ֻҪγȿռ֮У棬κεطܹͨ׿ռ䣬ӴĽ硣ǾܳΪׯң
ͩ˲ĿͩľȻһסżСһ¾֪ˣ൱ڿһʹ˾˵ǮԼĲơ˼Ҽʹ˾֮ҪٷͶ˵ģͩȴֱռΪУҲûʲôˡ
ȷõͭǮĳһλʿ˽׿ռ֮󣬿һ鱦ɱǵķӦʲô
Ȼӵǣ
ҪӵǣҪн׵㣬ǽռĵȼ۽⽻׵أñһֱﶼܶһСһܹӽ׿ռ֮Уһɽ׵㣬Ȼý׵ȥ
ÿһǿжвòıǿһɽ׵㣬ȻıŽ׿ռıֻͨ׵ܻͩׯҾ⣬ʱȡ׿ռеı
˵ˣ׿ռ֮еıӱ˷Ž׿ռ俪ʼǾͩĶˡ
ͩͺǿĳׯңСͨ԰͵Ŀװǡ
ԣͩ䱦ǮǿĹܣȫʢʱڵ価·⽻׿ռ䣡

ͨܣֻҪͩСĽһЩñΪԼṩԴֻͩҪأεɢЩͭǮȥԺͩҪռԴ𣿸Ҫˣ
ҪʲôԴֻҪصһ¿ռ佻гչۣܹѸռ˰ɣ
˵ͬľ֥֮Ŀռ佻׵㶨ۺʵг۶ģͩĶһ۸һЩǱȻвԸһ׵㣬Ȼͨ׵֥õʵг֣֮׬һʡ
ͩȴܹѸռһʲôҲûи
ׯĺôͬʱҲ¢ϵĺô
֮У䱦Ǯһ޶ֳķݣ֮Ҳǲͬʱ׿ռġ
Դռֻһһһռ䣬ôͭǮˣҲ޷׿ռ䡣
ȻͩеͭǮ˶ȥˣ䣬Ȼˡ
ͩҪǳ֮ʹ̥Ϳͨ˱ﵽĿġ
ͩо͵һ޴Ľгг¢ϣҪֵͻֵҪֵֶͻֵ۱仯һֿ͹۱仯Ǿгı仯ĳչ̫࣬ȥ̫٣ͻֵȻ䱦ƿصģ˵ҪƿأҲеһֹ֮һ
Ҳܳɵֻзߴûгֹ˵̫ԭʼֻ˵̵·̫ˣ̭

һ죬һ˽ͭͩУͩžӣŹֵʵȷͭǮ
ǺǣɣҵһµͭǮۣ㲻ǳ𣿾⣬磬ʵڵͱԴ׿ռ䡣䱦ЦЦ˵龵ӣԶ֮ǼΪһΪռ佻׾
괫ռ⣬κ˶֪ռ佻׾ʵֻ䱦ǮͨԶ֮˶Ϊ䱦Ǯ価·ȴ֪Դ׿ռĴڡ
֮Уûĸ˻ܴȥ䣬Ҳûдȥ
ͩܵҪ⵹ǷǳƭԣֻΪ澵һԶŴ챦
Դ׿ռʽɹͭǮĿһǧʮǧ߰ʮö䱦ݻ㱨˳
ͩһ£ȵ벻滹һǧöͭǮŶӦóΪռ佻׾ͩȻǶԴ˸е൱ĸˣΪʡȥл׾ʱ䰡
һһöһǧöҪǧлʱ䰡
ߣʲôȫʢ֮ʱͭǮĿҲϡ䱦Ǯ˵
ôͭǮ𻵲ɣͩΪ˵
ϻͭǮĲҲһ㣬һռ䱦ߵл˷ʱ䲻˵Լ۱̫ˡ

׿ռ伤ݽգռ֮ди౦һ֣ڣղ౦ҩ౦౦౦౦౦ʱ౦౦Դ౦౦ʮ࣬СࡣҪһһ˵궼˵ꡣõĶһʱ֪ͨ㡣ڶõģǳ֮Ŀʮ߿ţ̥ʮռᾧڶ֡ǲ౦䱦˵
ҩ౦ȫã൤ҩһΪĴʱʱȡ౦֮УΪ˳ƺ㣬ͳһԶ֮Ļ˵ǧ鱦ǧңɱֻҼȫͨɱɱͨѡࡢࡢࡢʱࡢࡢԴ౦ֵɱһĶϡ٣Ʒ£ûı౦ֻͨؼһҲûСһԶ֮֮Ȼγɰټ֮ɼɱϵıͨϡ١䱦˵
ͩˣ˼һ£ʱˡʵܺý͡ͺͩǰ֮ʱ֮ĹϵɱĶսԼԴôͺ͸߿ƼһҲǹսԷķΧ֮ڡ
Զ֮أվֻһֱȻֹͨԶ֮߶ȷǳɱıֻҪɵˣּ󡣵Ȼ߶˵˵鱦ּĴڣûɵöռ佻׾ġ
̫ҪһʱҽڵЩԴ»ֵȼԼһЩҪĵѾõĶ˵õĶƷͨɡ䱦˵վͲͩ


174  ռ佻Ȩ
ӡΰϡһ޴УߵȻŹ񣡳֮дţ֣Ҫǳ֮һǣ
ۣռ佻ؿµпռ佻׾¿һ񹧾һλ̷㱨
֮󣬲üȫѼռ佻׾콫еҪȫһûȺ߲׼ͨɱϵıһ׿ռ䡣ͬʱ֯һҵӢԿռ佻֮еĸԴгͳףҪܿг
𾴵Ķ۱£λܿȥˡ
۴֮վ˫֣ض岽üͷ΢壬̾ռ佻׿ȻӭչʱڣԺտɾͲôƽ˰ɣ
ԶһֱĿռ佻ף֮Ҳοÿһοʹø֮Դӷ㣬СȺǽӭһǳѸٵشչʱڡһֱѹСȺչļǿȺһСĳҲǽſռ佻׿ʱطչţسΪյǿȺ֮һ
СȺ֮ԷչǵǱΪϡȱԴǿ¢ϻʶ
˵ĳһĳԴǷǳģڳڡԴһ֮ȴǼΪϡУƫƫ֮ƷϿռľ룬ǿ֮Ĭͷչ
´ص嶼յӦϢռ佻һοڿռ佻׾ᣬҲǼΪҪġһ֮İսʹĻǿҪѹСͬʱҲҪᣬԼøǿ

˴ϣΪЩ϶൱ͨͩҲһЩСʦԲûκεĹעǸϵ׬
үһˡ˱Ĵţѵ
ͩͻȻϮ˸ǹ⣬ſڣҹ
ΪͩȻ֮һҹһ⵰Ȼ̳˴Ųڵͩоޱȵ˷ܣ˷ȴܷйѹ֮£õİ취Ƿйϡ
һйҹصӿңҵԡңԵġսۼ
ڣͩġŻõ˴Ϣʵүôˣþûô˷ˣʲô𣿡
ȷʵ൱õĺϢӴԺǽԴȱӣӴԺǵΪӭһǳ޴ıըڣͩĵؽе
үϲؽе
ûдͩһ£ǾܣΪ䱦Ҫ䱦Ǯӵ߶ûؽܴȥԼܵˡܣԶ֮Ϊֹûй¶ֺܣÿһͭǮ˶Ĭʮ㣬õܣ
ռ佻׾ȴǿԱ¶ΪҪ˶ãռ佻׾ˡ
ڻʼѧԺʱǳǵһϣһƹľӷһֱŪãǰ죬澵ӾȻؿˣ֮иﷷͩ˵Ͱռ佻׾Ӵָ֮ȡ˳
ʱ֮仹ǳԣֱ˴ˡ
ӹӣһƣʱʾݸˡ
ıЩеӣеڼ٣·ÿʱÿ̶ڽš
ǿ˾ӡϽҡĵر֮ء
үûн׵㣬ô򰡣ЩֻܿûһܿͷӦ˹СһӾͿȻﻹھ澵ӵ档

֪㿴ʲôͩóһľ֥һľӣ˵
ۣ⣬ǡҲǼΪ˷ܣǿܹʥżŵرһöӵļֵͳһŵң
Ҹ׼ģԼţҰţͩ΢Цʵ
Ȼүˣү죬ĵأһСͷͩĻ˳ػش
ܣҰţպռʱ򣬾Ϳþ֥ʥ֮þӡͩӦѶսͭǮĴռ֮СлвԴⶼǰ˵Ųٺٺ٣ǿǷˡ
ţһүİšĵ˵
ǿһ£ǲž֥𣿰һɽ׵㣬ȻϼҪıͩͻȻ
ͩóŵԹľ֥˾ױֵʮƾңǷһǾӵԵʶҲܵɿ澵ӱһ鱦ֻ鱦Ĳֻ׷ˮ׼øǵһ
׿ռ佫Ϊ߽ףɱϵıסȻֻҲһţеͨ鱦ͨɱҪͻᱻֵ׼
ÿһ׵ıӦĽ׵ס
׵Ҳֳ߽ףӵ͵߰պ졢ȡơ̡ࡢɫ֡ɫҲһȨ޵⡣໥֮Ķһ100001
һױһ׵ľܹ̾Ľױȴܹϵı
һһӲԵĹ涨߽׾ҿԶһɵͽ׾ңͽ׾ȴֻȨӦΧڶһɸ߽׾ҡ
˵ͩڶһž֥ȥױõȨޣͿú쾧һǳȾҶһɻƾңҲûƾҶһɺ졢ȶɫľңһܶһ̾ҡ
ҿռ佻׾ÿһˣȨ޾ͻԶգ֮ڵŲҲᾡձһɺ쾧ҡ
ÿһοռ佻ƽ̨ȨҲԶգŲȫתΪ쾧ҡӲԹ涨൱֮ڣ
ҪһƷıҪӦȨޣӵеȨ޲תˣҲ̳вȨޣֻܼ̳Ժ쾧ҽŲʹ̼˿ռ佻ˣӵȨޣÿֻǶһȥһױһ࣬ױ
ͨһγɣͻѩһ㣬൱Ѹ٣ָ߽ױڹ֮ʱᱻ۳κεѣҲе潻ס
ֻƽ̨ӵߣܹȨȡб˷ԼһĶˣҲֻΪǱ˸ȥˣõǱƽ̨ȥˡ


175  Լ
һ·ʾϣʾʮöƾҵݡ
ţױ֮Уʮöƾңһվӡ
үĿ԰̫ˣԺսƷʱɾͷ̫ˡĵؽе
ףԣвֳˡͩѾӵĻ˸߶˱ϣЩ߶˱ﾹȻɨһգҪ֪ռ佻ƽ̨Ÿտûм죬Ҫô̵ʱڣ׸߶˱ֻЩֱִʺ
ʵⲢѣֻҪһһ߽ױȥӵȨ֮ٶһеͽױȥȻ󽫵ͼһɸ߼ңٰЩȫ
ҪеͽױﲻҪӴ󣬶ḻΪһĳһԴڶһһ֮󣬼ֵͻ᲻½һֱֵǮΪֹ
ûĸɵôԾҪ౦γƽȣֲӰơ
ԣռ佻ƽ̨ϣӿֳ˲еͽױվıֻױѣһӾӿǧ꣡
ͩ̾ЩֱʺͶʵ̫ˣ֪еЩ
ʵϣ⼸֮Уռ佻ƽ̨֮ϣһĻҵսĺϷΪֹֺϷȻڳӵпռ佻׾ģԳಲ󣬵֮еҵⳡԴ¢Ϻгƿصս
սֻͩܿһЩ֮µĲξͲͩܿˡ
ĳƷ߿ʼӿռ佻ƽ̨ȻϡȱԴӦ¢Ϻչ
ϡȱԴָֻһΧڣ㹻ﵽԴҸ֮໥жֲ֪˭ǿ϶ģÿһֻܵβǿ¢ƣֻΪ御ܵưˡ

ֹһڣ䱦ѹҿʼĻƿش֣Դ봢֮Уü۸͹Щȫƿء
䱦ȻһģׯңҲƶһоƿ֮С
£ռ佻ƽ̨ϵҵսˣеջ࣬еջСûпսȥҲòˡ
ţ·йѰռ佻׾
ӶĳԱΧΧԱյ˸񣬽൱ø߽׹Ϊ
Ϊ˭Ҳɵõռ佻ƽ̨֮ӶڲĹ׵þԵ΢΢ˡԴϣӶ᲻ռ佻ƽ̨⡣ǣӶĹ׵͵ģռ佻ƽ̨ϵĽ׵ǵȼ۽ġ
߿ศɣķչ˵ֱ
ʸй֮󣬾⽻׾ԴޣԴõȥѰңʡ˴ʱ䡣
һ죬ͩʰһ׼ȥԼˡ
Ǹ뿪ˡͩ˵ͺСϧû㹻ʱ䣬ͩ԰ѱƵʮϣΪԴѾڴ֮Уǳ֮ʱѼǧš⻹䱦ʶڿгԭ򣬷ܷʮ
˿ռ佻ƽ̨֮ͩĲѾˣʣµľͩΪΪ豦һҪˡ

λںߵһС͵죬Ҳںֵ֮죬Ϊĺһ߲㣬ƬȺӣܱ߶Ⱦ߲ʵλ֮ɫԶֱΪλ֮
ϵҵƵҵҵǳ
Ϊ쳯ڷƫֱͨ࣬ͨϽΧ÷ǳʣûʿҺ˺ͨ࣬ɱǿҪģ˵ʲƸ󲿷ֶͨཨġ
֮ͨеҵӢǼϲĹذ־ӢţԴǿ࣬ҲҪЩҵӢǸҪȻԪĵҩҩĿġ
һΣ͵˴ҵӢռ佻ƽ̨ԴҵսЩҵӢ󲿷ֶͨû֣ȴвһҵ츳
Ҳķ֮жƫͨ࣬ԼͨƲȫɷ
λ֮֮ͨеĴ󸻺ǸСү֮ءҪСͨĴ󸻺֮лĳһλĲƸͱһռҪС
ͩڶ죬ڵһƵ֮У뻨ҵλ档
ףͻеؿ֮ͩ󣬲оĪһǰͻռʿȻԼ˵Ϊƽˡ⣬ôܣԼ˿ǧŴﵽһİ
ѵΪ٣ҵȶ˳ԾѸٷӦ˹оȵ

ͩһ񣬿ʵ·ĸӶĵӣռһͻƾͻһ֥ʥ򼶻·һöӣⱾͲʲô˵ܡ
ͻеض˶һۣѹľȺͲʣǳĵ͵̣ǻܹȵġǿ󳬼Բ˵ġֻҪǱ󳬼еˣֻҪٷ֮ٶ̤񼶱һ̤񣬾֮еǿߡ
ӶһȣȲѹֳ֮ʱ滹رԸõܵӶЩأ֮оͲʲôܡռϵӶԱ֮Уûĸ
еǿ쳯ĻҶҴӵۣȴҲЩ󳬼ıš
ͩͻ֮ĵλռ֮󣬾ȫת˹ǰǻʢˣ߸ϣڷˮתͩȴǴλ
ѣǺʱʵ
ʱԣڴ֮ǰҪ̸һ⡣ֱͩ˵˵
ţһ̸֮ٳҲͷӦ
ôѵ˼λأеصʵ
򵥣ȻһѰֻңǾ͸ɴƽ֣ôͩ΢ЦŻش
ƽ֣Ҳգ֮⡣ȻЩģˬشӦƲһˣͩп𸮵ҪݣҲǿܹʣѾ൱ˡ


176  
ͩڲԵȵĵλ˻ҾλĻ˵ʣǾһҲǲܵģҾԻѡɱڣȻ̣
ֵܶڽ֮˽ʱ򣬶˶Լͬضͩȱʾ˼־塣ֳڳȴʢ˵ȣǲ淴Ӧ˳ĵ̾Բ˵ġ
ͩΪʲôӵ˿ռ佻ƽ̨֮󣬻Ѱأʵϣͩں֮еԴͲƸΪͩĲƸϰٱǧ
ͩȥĿģǽ𸮿ɢռ佻׾⼸ͩʮռ佻׾ҪͨǸϴˡ
ռ佻׾ǣ̫ˣͩ治Ŀŵɢġ
ڣռ佻׾Ѿ𽥿ʼӶǷ˴ռҪڿռ佻ƽ̨֮ǰЩӱûʲôֻ˵һŶǹƷͭ˭ͭױ
ڿռ佻ƽ̨֮ռ佻׾ͿʼɢΪԵõһռ佻׾Ϊôһ龵ӣո¶ͷǣΪһһЩõռ佻׾ɢޣȻԼõռ佻׾飬÷з
ڶ죬һ˾ڶһԼõɳ̲ͷˡ
ѣ׼ʱ΢Цк
λҲһ߰ɡͩ
ɳʮ֮ͩſʵǵˣλ֪߲Ϊֻⶫǻ
֪ͻеضпչעǶҲǵһ
Ϊֻ⸽дʳ֮ɫԻòݡˮݣо綾׺ֲ߲ȺĳΣҲ겻ѣǰ˵ƽƽ档֪ͩЩǵѻġ

ѵı𸮾Ͳ棿ֵܻȻҲ̫ҡһɣ
Ǻǣλɴ˱ܶͩ΢΢һЦûУЩ
ͩóһŸ߼̷ܶȥȻ˺
ͻеضҲó̷֮ܶҲ뺣С
Ⱥˮݲ㣬뺣֮󣬺еĹ߽ʧˡԶ˵ⲻʲô
ĬǱ
һֱﺣף˴׾뺣ǧ֮ѹռʿ˵㺣ѹƲǵĻ
źߣûþµǧԵĺף˴߲Իòݸïʢ
ǵˡָͩŲԶһСɽ˵
ֵ۴ϲõضһۡ߰ɡ
˿ҪӽСɽʱ򣬺Ȼ֮Χˮһ仯˸Χ
Сģ߲ʻö󣬴󼯻붾һ壬Ŷšͩѵ
Ȼ֮䣬һ޺
𡪡һֻ޴ĳԴͷͻȻһΪΪġķΪˣһͷֻϰͷͩ˸Χ
Ȼϡͩһֱɻô߲ڴˣȻĹܻһֻʳ˵ʳߡȻͷ䵱ɫ߲ΪʳҲػػߡ
ͷǶ֮еٮٮߣʵ޵Ѫ൱߼ȫɳǰ񼶱ľͷȫľͷʵ൱ˣһֻɵλΧ
ֶޣ󣬼ֱǴɱ
ףʶԴ͸߲Իòڵѹ⴦֮á

ֻһֻ
ۣͩ۶һۿȥ㶴쵽ڡ
СģλѣΪ׼ӷ򡣡ͩѵͬʱͩҲó۽Уһ㷨¡
ֱͩӻ赲һ۾Ϳͷ
ЭعȥͷҲǼΪĶޣڶײ㣬ܹù

˿̾붫ǧ֮һȺΪѩȺȺ֮½һĴ󵺣ҲͶںһԵļ塪ѩҡ
ҪС壬Ҳʮִģ崴ʼ뻨һֺͼġ
ѩϼļ˿ټλվżĸ֣˵յϢҵ졢еֵ뿪˻֪ȥ򡣡
ټҵǰǼƻΧɱˣѩҵһλվżĸ֣ѩ˵
˶˻ʥֻа벽֮ңǻϣͻʥĸ֣ԲͻƣǶ˴˴δӻȻҪ֮£˵͹ϵǶͻʥĹؼǼµǰȥɱ˶ˡѩҵļ˵˵귭ּóһСѩ

ǲ֪Ƕ˵٣ҵǣһλѩҸ˵
Ѱ״Ǳڻҵİӣͽ׷֮֪طǶϣֻܸ״ָʾǰȥѩҵļ˵
ǣͬӦŶˡ
ûãͨһ·򱱣ֱڶ
˳˴󣬱㳯ͩºķ
ʱͩͻֵܺͷնĸԴΧһԴ
и߼ܶס綾ʴָͩʾ
ʵͳȺĺ֮£սʤͷȻ⡣
ġڴʱ˻˴õ˳ȥȴһβ֮زز
ֵס֮Ҫȥ׷
׷ǻǰҪֻصƣҲǡͩе
ֵܶһۣ˵ͷһֻ޶ѣֵΪ˷ʱ䡣
ͩĴ£Сɽ¡
˴ݸǣΡ
ͷųԲ׵ĺȫ˳
һȥֻһֱ׵Բ󷨳ǰ
⣬Ǵ󣿡мʶһ۾ϳ˴ֻǺͨĴȣֶ˼ֱ仯
ǣ벻ԭ˴Ƕڣһ󰡡ͩЦһ˵
漴ó˶ʼ׼űת󷨵ŦȻԼѪΪűķӡ
λһһλԪɡͩվһŦ˵


177  ı
ֵޱ˷ܵվԼλϣʼԪ
ԪԴԴϵע룬ϵͳ󷨾Ȼʼ仯СɽΪģͨΧ߲ʻö󷨣⾹Ȼһ׵
ͩһĻȻһֲõԤУͩɲһʿһʿǵĵҲ൱׼ġͩǲϰ׵̤׵ڶ
ͩڳһָֻ㣬һĽȻǴ֮ף
ףôܣ
ϸȷʵǴף
ͩɵö˼ֽ֮ģʲôⷢ˵ֻö·ˡ
ܹͩվżʿʵֳףҪǺ֮
ͩܵӶıӻĵϣôִ֮ܳףϰ񼶱٣ҲøӶӡ
˵ˣԵ޹ʣͩҲּĸ֣ԭڵжԵҲܻΪѡ
ȥ˻ֻˣ
ǵһ˵ͣͣģֻͩðͬʱóһöԪĵҩöҩǰƷҩһö˲ָռʿзױУռ佻ʱļ۸Ƕöƾһء
ǰͩҲԡֵҩͩĴɲ٣Ǵӿռ佻ƽ̨˳ģò·ŵռ佻ƽ̨ȥͨ
ͩڵǲƴ֣ɲΪһðգΪͨȫһûͩϰµһë֡
ͩķ̫һЩ鱦Լװݣ

һںף㡣ѩҵһڸ;УҪºѰ
޴ͻȻؿʼȡͩ˵ķ
ֻͩоڷܿƵʧаȻûк¡
ãǵķܿˡͻȻе
ͩѸóƿҩֱӸ˶һһƿ˵ǲ䷨ĵҩ
ֵܽӹƿӣһƣȵؽеƷҩ°̾ȻһƷҩ޷ƣֻܿ⹺ʮְޡһʥϵļ֧ʹõġ
Щռļ徫ӢֻõƷҩҲΪǼϵ
˰Ʒ鵤˵ķʧѾӰǵİΣ
ͩһ߷µҩһָһ㣬ףǴף
ѵ⣿ͩа
Ȼ䣬ΪԿ׵ıȻѣͷųӿġ
䡪һըըһռѷ졣
ͩ˶ը沨ΪǾĲ׾ˡ
ͩƵһ·ã˱ըǿһţһ黤ըͩʣµһֱը
ͩը׿⣬ԵΪǱϵķϣӿռƽ̨˳һױҲա
⻨ͻеضˣûͩôңҲһӦװݻ٣˲ƣѪأв¼ʮƷѪֹеصһ첲Ǳըûһ롣

ǣ尡ȥɱɱܶĶһǿƵӿռѷһͷ
ӿռ֮ͨ˳ųͩͻֵܶ˳ȥ
ڴʱѩҵҲˣǿһĻɵþˡ˲ɷ˵ͷܡ
ӿռ֮ͨгĴһ뱻ѩҵȥˡ
죬֣Ϣȥѩҵһ߳ܣһóѶϢ⴫
ͩûʲôˣֻһöƷҩ֮󣬷״̬ҲͩʱûսΪһ⣬·ˡ
ڰ·ϣֵȻȻذͩ׷ѣߣǰ㵲һ£Ϣȥ
ǣǡͩĶ
ǵ̫أܲ˶ԶģҲˣΪȺһֵŭ
ͩûٶ˵ʲôתԸٶȶӡ
ͩڶĿֲ
ûдӿ岢̫ǿ㲻֡˵ˣูأǿҲҽЩ嶼һЩɱʽĿֲӡ
Щ巭ʲôˣȴܸɲСʧرͨеͽʿܵΪص
ͩʦ˽⵽һЩ֮ĸơ
ǿڲҰʽɱֲϮһЩѾе𣬾ͱ˵ȺеǳһǿġеǮµ塣
ȻֲϮ壬һ㶼壬ܱǿ֮£ΪĹߡ

ͩӳһξ֮󣬾ȻձȻ࣬ա
ȫ֮ͩøߣͨӶ磬Ϣϱȥ
һ֮ͩǸűҲܵѹȡ
ǿʶͣɨ򣬷ȥѰʵҲһǿ١
䡪֮ǰռѷ쿪ʱҪǧıըʹըѣҽֲ֮ѷˡһϵзӦ׵ľǲԶĶ
޴ĺХֱûСʿһ㣬ͨ෴ӦֱӱХû
ֻͨӹһ٣ⶼգΪ֮Ӻгɱ˳
ͩڱģǴڿռв֮УǿƬĿռҲܵӰ졣
ҺãǴ½ĵشռҪ͵ö࣬ûбƻͩıȴܵǿҵĳ
߲ͩһѪ³˲ǳȻܵһش
ȻķֱֽӳܵصĴˡҪΪԵһЩ
үû°ɡһԽŵʵ
޷һЩشû˼¡ͩ˰ֻشǱҪˣıʵ̫СˣڸһĽ֮УԱҲѰ
ʲô𸮱أһıϲĻµһռڵ㣬ǸĴΪ˶λõġ
ڴ֮ǰʱʱû㹻ԴԴûҵʱ㱦̫ˣ˽̲֮ݻ


178  
һӶͷŵնɱ壬ɱһͬ壬ù׵һ٣ɱһʥ壬ù׵һ򡣰ٱϷޡִʱߣʱ¼
ͩˣһ£а룬⵹ֵǮϧֻˣֻռΪͩ㲻ʲôȺ壬ռȻֻڻңٳһϣڲͣشӿռѺ֮пӿ
Щ֮Уʥ򼶡񼶵ĶУ񼶱嶼н
ͩڳȥǾ
ߵķӦҲ൱֮Ѹ٣Ϣȥһ죬ϰֱ٣סɢ֮ͶӰ
һǲ֪ƾҲ཮ңռֱӽԲһĿռ価˿ռ֮һռѺ۱ӡԲĿռȹ˰ٱϡ
ͬʱҲںҲһͬΪֹӳںһ
СҲ٣ҲɳرҪءͬʱʡĸҲɳֽ֡
֮䣬֣ǷǳӰ췲ռģƿռ䷨λֱ֣ӷӡӹ˿ռܹ֮ڷſֽš
߾ۼʮѣҽͶӰǿɲɵӣ
ռתһ֣ʮ˲ڶϿղԶ
ÿķӦٶȣ֮ͩУ֮󣬲̾һ죬ϰ٣ֱӿȻ˲䴫ʮ塣
𣿰﷽ԲĿռ䣬׷ӡܹӳʮֱּǷΪƣΪĴֶͨΡ

ڶֵһɲǣռ˾Եƣ̶ʱھͽսɱͶӰ
ϾĽ񲻸٣ֻͶӰˣȴ޹˼ɵ١һ֮һ֮ͶӰԱ̫ˡ
ɱ˱ڰﷶΧڵͶӰ֮˲ɨ֮ееİ֡
߸ϵİǰ·һ㣬Ѹɱɾ
ʮ˴֮ٶȴ
̶һ첻崫ͶĿֲӣʮѡ
ɵӳ˰ĿռΧʣµıƬ򣬵Ⱥ˸ɾ
ͩҲ
»һװһ壬˫ϲ
ձ֮˱֮󣬳˺档ϸߣɱս֮
Щ峤ʮֹ죬еͷ˱ۣеĳףеĸɴǳҰ޲ࡣ
вʮͬ壬Щһһǳزбƴʮ˴ȻռݾԵƣȴΪ˼ս´ڽֽ׶Ρ
ͩļ벢ûʿǵע⣬ΪﷶΧڣɢԶɱ壬˸ǰ
һʱȴ쳣Žᡣ
ͩվż֮ʵûлʩչ
ʩչվżµ壬ֻһǿ಻ᳬ
ͩնɱʮռ֮˸ֵע⣬ͬΪվżɱ
࣬ɡЩ˵ĻͩöΪڵͨе嶼˵ͨԴ׷ݵԶ֮

ͩһ֮ǰɱ˲壬رѻһ壬ͩ˽⵽Щ󲿷ֶԪļһǾ㲻սҲΪԪĹϵܿƵľЩװķ⣬ָ֮У϶ǿյģóԤıܼƻ
ǽûʲôĿģԪĲܵƻɱ¾
֮ͩʱҲõȫܹһնɱ壬Բõڶ
λ֣ͬͩһƽ̶һȣ𣡡
ͩһʽ֮Уľ֮֮һļ⡣
ʱƣͩԼպʹҲԽԽӳĳ̶ȣﵽ˽Сɵĳ̶ȡ
ͩĽһվż֣ʱȻشе㲻Ӧ̶ֳȵķ£
վż֣Ԫôʱ䣬Ҳ̤ͬ˷֮ţ£Χһˣԭġ
ͩȴֻǳµĳ̶ȣǸһﵽСɵĵز
һСɣֳ̾ˡ
վżֻ֣ܷĲҽУ㱻ͩһͬʱɱ
ĽСɵĽ⣬Ǹ㶼Ӳ֮£ֻҪͩĽ¡
սڼʱ޿̶ʿ䣬ֻͩսһǣʲôע
ͩϵӣڴͬʱʿĸ߲Ҳ˴սرɱ֮սƽѾб

Һܿͱ𣬵ʥ򼶱ϵĸֱһ֮ʣµռ壬ϲ־ûٲ֣ռľʿ֡ɢȥնɱ
죬Ϸս཮
ͩ˿ѾѪˣȻЩѪֻһͩԼģȫ֮Ѫ
ʹ죡ͩͣ˶˿ԼƴСеͩһɱ¾нǧͩϣһɱ¾֮ͩԼȻ˻⣬ĵʽһһʽ̺Ľ⾹Ȼ⡣ǻ֮֮һ
ͩʶһסѰ񼶽
񼶽ͨһһ׽ֻܲһַ£Ĳǲһ׷򡣵֮УȴǼһ㣬ƺ̺˲ͬķ¡
ͩаֻ˵һʽ̺ļ⣬Լʽ̺Ļ⡣ڶʽ٣ȴǲ˿⣬ҪһͿޡ
һʽʽ֮Ե޵УȵڶʽҪǿö࣬ڽоȴǲڶʽʽ֮ϵʽľУȵһʽԵøǿ
ͩбʲôյĿĶֱָپ׵ûз⾳ļӳ֣Ҳޡټ򵥵ӳ˷⾳֮ͳʼα
ԣطִ̫طҪȥоطԴ


179  
ľ޴ͶӰһγ֣ڵλˣʿؾ۹͡Ǿʿߣ׼ΪƾӶ͡˵գһ֮䣬оʿʧ
ͱ£ڳʣµӦȻλ쳯֮һʿ֮лСһʿΪķ
ţͶӰಡһʧ١
ĿȷϣɱͬǧŰʮù׵ʮ򡣡ϴӶᷢϢͩõʮ׵㡣
ⶼСĿѣͩһγ֣ǳŹ׵ȥģǳԼȥġ
ֲϮȻƽϢûˣϵǧƽϰͽʿ˴ֱӾʧӾʧ
ֻһѣԲĵ컹ϰٸ﷽Բ֮⣬вʧ
֮Ȼ쳯ķӦٶȼ죬Ҳֻܰʧͣͨʧ¼ʮڣֵļͥ
ͩһҲЩЩɺ޵塣
ҲҺû̫ɢʧֻ
ЩֱǷԪȻɴֱӵูܵɱ֮ǰʮƽ񵱵汳ģҪεȵĳޡ
Щӻеǿ壬Ǿϲ⣬ﵱﰡ
Ȼǿ󣬵ȴǿģ޷ѹǿ壬ĿֲϮͲ˳ɹģķˡ
Ҳڵûǣ⻼Բ١Ҫǿʳ֣֮ȻҪǿά

ͩ뿪˴˵أһ˵Ļĵ
ͩڳ˷󣬲һε󷨱ε󷨻Ҫ޴ΪһΣͩ׼ʮ̥ǧʮǳ֮ڶֿռᾧʮϵײ౦Ϣײ౦ǧ֣
漴ͩ˴ٽ٣˫
ٽٵһɲǣԶڵ۶ķͶӰע⵽ͩߵΪںԷģȴ벻ơ
Դ½쳯𣬱㽫Լӳ쳯͸Լӳ䣬쳯ÿһط½ָơ
ףȤǴ󵨡Ӳ̾漴ͩϡ
ԭӶųԱȻ봫кѡв꣬˳ɾͣҿֱʣȻһϣгɾͣƼţһγ޵
Ҳգһѡ̾漴һָ
ԶںͩһθĶ̫ˣûзӦûȫ磬ȻڸҪأָںӣĴ׷ɱ©֮㡣ʵϣûһȥͩڵĻĵ¡
ǣһĲಿڣȴǿоĶͩɱͷʮλ
дǵͶӰѾһһɱںŰ
ȺǧͩڵĵʱһִָӰ
µָѹ˲ͱɷɻҡ
ʮλ־쳣ȻһָʮϢڱһָͬ䡣

ͩԸ͹磬վԶһЩСĵ㡣
үǲ̫ҡһЩ˽ͩһ͵ƽǲϵĴڣڹϣں϶ܵעǲ̫ҡһЩ
Ǻǡ޷ȡͩԼзִ磬ǰǲͬģֻҪ¶̫࣬ʵر¶һЩԼĵϸӻܵϲıӻͩҲʮףͷģûпɽɲУڲ࣬ٸӣ˵ˡ
ϲӣ͵òıӻԼΪ̫СһЩҪϲǵ֮£ɳ
ͬʱʵĸߵҲܸһռ佻ƽ̨ĴԼԼҪܡ
ᱩ¶һ㣬һЩ߲УԼҲܵӡ˵ˣռʱӶҪôĲϣ˼Ӷᵱɵӣ˲Ų
ͩʩΪ϶װڴָ֮Уûб¶ƵʱǽָͶ뱦֮УٵָȻơ
һһ£ĲͶ뱦֮С
ͩһƣɲȵ֮ʱһμĲϣ໹Զȵ֮ʱ
Щûб¶ȥҪǴȥһϵļֵͳһȫң
һҪǽϲ㣬Ƴϰټͨɱ

ֱͩڷƤӵ£ЩĲȫˡ
ÿһ㣬Ͷһơ
̷ͩϰٿ˲ָȫİƷҩӲŽһһƴ뱦֮С
ĵĺνǷӿ仯Ī⡣
ֺյʲôָʾӽ˵أҲᳯɨĲȴһ֧һ֧شһ֧һ֧رĨɱ
¹ȥˣ˹Ѿӽβ
ͩ߾ͺһ޴նǰʮ֧飬˹˲ٹס
ͩҲѾӽɣԭֻıһʮıԵüֹ͹ӡͬʱɢһĲһתصߵ֮С
ķͻƵվż£ɳվż۷塣
Ҳͬ治ǳ־ʹ־ʶҲǿ󣬻˼֡
˿̵ıѾɣѾһգҲɢȥ
ͩջ˱Ͷ˻ĵϵ󷨺ۼ
µʮձ븹УϸϤһ
֮ıܱ֮ǰֹǿ˰ٱ˿̵ı֮Уǧǳ֮ΪԴһɽǳ˵ͨˡ
⣬һƵĴ̥͸ռĳͣҲǾͩϸɸѡ׼˿̱֮воȫһרŵĹռ䡢ڰռ䡢ռ䡢ռ䡣ھŴռ֮γһ޴ķӡռ䣡
ĵһ㣬ӡռͣͬʱͨӡͨѾݻȫֻҪ㹻ҲȫЩܹͨݶ֮ͨ뱦Ȼӡ
ӡеĵˣܵŴռѹУҲᱻѹӡ


180  ػ
ͩʱ˵ᱩ¶ЩͨЩ̫ͨ£ƾԼڵΪҲȫڵֻͩһ֡ݡ֮ͨͨ
ͩصֵѴ󲿷ֹ׵һվʯͼƷʯվʯǱȼƷʯҪƷͩھӺۡ
ıǿʵϾͩıǿͩµ֮˶ǱĬ֮·ҵı仯
ƽӣǹ÷ǳ죬һۣ͹ȥˡ
֮ͩУ˾תԪĵתԭתԪӵתʼͲԷᴿΪᴿѾﵽ˾תԪļޣΪͩ˿̵ķ̶ȿԱķԾתԪӵתʼԪѹᴿ޶ȵģǴ
ÿһʼ֮ʱǿǿߣڻ̺ķȻҪǿһЩرǳ֮ʱӡǺһǿֱӹϵĶٺʵǿ
ԣÿһʮעڴĹֵҲǾӸ߲¡ͬģıҲͬǼֵǡ
תľתԪͽͩǿԲСΪǿ᳤պ׶ʱ䷨൱
ʿ㲻ҲÿһΪõһ̶ȵǿͺһ񼴱ҲȻȴؼʿǿǧٱ

꣬ҾҪȥӶܲˣڴ֮ǰһҪУ˽ᵱּ̹֮ͩȻ˵֮ѾൽˡĽһˣͩϾûʲôţרˡ
ˣɫһ䣬ܿͻָ˹ү¿ɷүϹۣ
ҿȫȨֻϣ㲻Ҫñʧͩ˵
лүȫԲʧġһᶨػش
еһϲеĴУ׿Ӱ˳
һڼϰսʿˣ˵Ӱϵ壬Լͬóһ·ͨС
࿴ֵļϰսʿ̾ӣμˡ
ˣԲеˡһֵİ˵
ϻû˼ҴϼеĴ𣿡˽ӿڵ
вָ̾ͩϵĹȻһ壻ҲвYYòֱǾΪˡ
ûϵóּҵĴС㡣
үȥģڽֵϣЩϤĽȥˣȴ˿ûб仯
ȥһ˻ʼѧԺҪȥ԰лһλߡͩƽػشİϤǵԼ̤֮Ǵпʼİɣͩѷ޵㣬ͩġ

нĻʼҸߵѧԺϤУţһжûб仯
ͩվУǰ棬óԼơ
ؼһƣʵǸ꼶İɣô쾧еķУѡߴţʹʣǷͩϾ꼶ѧûϸ׼Уƣȴ˵λû֤Ļ׼롣
ͩϣйڻʼҸߵѧԺݻڣûбҰɣȥȥȻҲԵطߡ
ǣүӦͩѧУ֮ɫӵת뿪ˡ˿̵Ҳ֪Լʲôζ㲻½أ
뿪˴˵أּլķȥ
ͩѧУϤһһľеޱȵػ
ףѧܣ㣬㻹ŰһϤ
ѧ겻ˣ⻰ĳһͩ΢΢һЦЦߣǼ֮겻֮ȻͻƵһΪҲϾλѧѧУٮٮߣԵһͻռѡ
ѧܲҪᡭ˻֮һ룬Ȼ䵹һŵؿͩЩȷؿʵѧ㣬Ϊռǿˣռǿѹ൱ϤվżѹҲܸ֮ףԨĸо֮ҲǼʿռʿѹɲĸо

ǺǣСܻԵɺϣдͻơͩûзϡ
ǰˡ񡣡֮Ҳ֪ʿ֮ĹأʵΪ𡣸һ󾳽ǰˡ
ѧ˶ġͩһ£Ц
񲻿ɷϣʿĹءǰ׿Խ޳ռüĳ̾;ȡ֪ǰһλҪ£֮ػش˼ҿǿԼҪ˳Ǿ޴ˡʱ䣬ӴֱռֱǺŵٶȡ
Ҳգѧ֪ںδͩʵȻͷʶ̫òˡ
ΰǰɣ´ȥ֮˷ܵػӦ
Ҳãѧ·ɡͩͷӦ֪ѧôѧУûϵߵ꼶𣿡
ǷУʵϰʦÿʮض꼶Уһˣƽʱһѧϰһʵϰ֮ش
ŶԭˡͩҲûϵ꼶ѧѾǵѧˣеҪ縺һ꼶УʵϰͽѧְͬʱҲܷɶ꼶Ŀγѧϰ
ѧ¥Уΰ칫ҵĴű죬ŵĻδһ̧ͷ˵ɡ
Σйˡ֮˵
ͣ˭ֵʵ
ΣѧͩͩӰſڣЦݵ˵
ףͩȻ㣿ޱȾȵ̾վżΪôܣ
Ҳˣȼֵ֮û硣
֮ǳµعϴ˳ȥľȸٱԭλѧܾȻֻռվżٶʵڷ˼֮ѾҲˡ
αϾǿߣܿͻָ˹ЦЩ꣬ľԲƽκ˶֪õپҪ٣ţҪ֮ͻռȻ˷ͬһ۽ϣԲһʿɱȵġ
˵ѧΪһ֥ģȲƾԼġͩǫڲ֪ǰλɽ¶ˮĽ̵ΣȻҲһվżǿߣ
֥Ȼ㲻ԷƱԵҲʵһ֡θ̾


181  
ҵȻûпۣȻţᣬ㹻ǱߵĲΡϷ꣬ųɾߵһѧϷΪԺοĵؽе
һΰݻΣһǰлεԮ֮ССɾ⡣ͩóһӡУ˫ֵȥ
ãѧòϷյáûһ˿ҲûĶŽԼĴָСһͬһߵͬͽ
λ²ǵİɣЦݲʵ
ѧӶĺĳԱҪǰӶܲܺĴУһλΪȴԹжг𱨳𡣡ͩͷش
ģ㾹ȻӶᣡ̫ˣͩúϧᣬӶĺĴУҲǿƣӶȫֻҪ;䣬ļǰٷ֮٣ԣϷҪһΣֻ֣ţޱȿĵ˵
ţ֪ˣǰұּұƵòͶ·һˣһˡͩԼľ߻Σšֵĺ壬Ѿˡ
ҪҰʲôæתʵ
ҪΰҸ㶨ٷӾˡͩ˵
ãȻеΥ򣬵ûйϵƾһּʲô붼ûͬ⣬Ȼּļڻεи㲻ʲôͩȻ㣬ҲûڲһѣڵܹͩûȫæΥԭԳ֡
ǾͶлˡͩл
漴˱㿪ĵʱͩ뿪ѧУѧУĴ󣬴͵ɽС

Ŀͩ뿪ص˰칫֮󣬻ȷʵһλðŸСóͩ͵ķӡӣһƣ˲վ
Ķ̫ˣֳʥõĸҩױ֮еļƷɫƷҩһŵػ꾧ҲǶͻʥаıһϽңһԪһſɻ꣡ʿ˵ԪҪĴڣֻлŲõδ֪жٸ߽ʿΪԪź
ֱʵ̫ˣתһ룬ͩڵ㲻ʲôˡ
Ϊ˸Ӽᶨسˣպ˺ӣԼϵͨǶּҷһֱӡ
Ǳ൱ǿӲģΰ˵ĶԹ˻ʼҸߵѧԺߴɹʶԸӣҪֵ̫ˡ
ͩ͵ɽУɢԼʶѹ
һͷ˹λ٣
ǰңͩͩҵͷڣһʧˡ
һɢ޿Ŀɿڴ֪ԭˡ
ûһͩӰڷĵһլſڡ
ͷӰͬʱڴſڣ˴ţ֣ͩϸشһͩ˵㲻ǵǸմ˼ڸͽǸСףվż⣬𣿡
ȻһλǿҲ̬ͬͩٶȸȵˣֱȻλҪ硣
룡ͷӦҲ൱죬֮ͬͩ

ĲǿտһƬ֮أΪֵҪҵضΣͷԳӭһĻҲʿ
ϢһӾʹ˳ȥ
յϢľǷеĸ̺УܹͷӭӵʿΪҲռɣ
Щ̺еıǴСͬļҵ˾
رĴ壬ԼҡּҡҡؼҡǺ棬ҪͽᣬҪҪʶĿĸͬ൱ӡ
ͩòûжı仯Ͱǰȣʺ͸ֽȻ֮ͬ⣬һģһ
ͷլĹ£˲ˮ˳ȥ
Сѣ겻벻㾹Ȼߵͷǰˡͷпһֳǰ˵ĸп
Ǻǣǰִȣģ˶ǧǣĳڼǴ˶ã˷УһΪǰлΪ˳һЩ⣬ǰҪƳ١ͩóһӡУͷ˹ȥ
ǰ֮ƣٵΪƽ۽ɡͷĲҵǰ֮ơ
ϸСܵС̾͸ΪԭĳƺͩЦв
ͷһǵһα˱ƵģãˡͷҲһ൱ˬ֮ˣһҲоǰһѣͬĴ氮֮ģڿԵյñˡ

ڰǰڻʼҸߵѧԺͶѾǴؾżʦڻ۽׶Σפɽפأ˵ص⡣
ҲյϢͩòһ۾ϳͩޱȳԾ
漴óѶϢ˼塣
ȶԣּҵķӦɱԼҪöֱ࣬ըһּҵĸ߲㶼סĸоܵʲôз
ͩͷĵʱ
һǿѹնɽжͻȻѹһ
ãˡͷѹʮϤ
ӣѵڵġͩɻʵ
ԣڵ̫ϳϣ϶֮ʱϢ˳ȥ֪ˡû죬һֱûзɶԷеļӰͷش
ԭˣڰҲգһλǽģȻˣȽǰɡͩ˵֮еĳȺ͵Բװġ
ҲãȻдţͷҲȥո֡ͷ۾΢УЦݵ˵
ͩͷ˿ֱӷɿն𣬳ѹԴͷȥ
һ˾˷ʮһСɽͷϿա
һɫͷɮñŮӣֳһ˷վɽͩͷ˵϶һε޹أƶ᲻ϣָ棬ͲҪֲ档
ͷһνЦֵģҲԸСܵġ
Уߣһתͩϸһһһ£漴ŵ˵벻ϾȻţ̶̰꣬ʮС󾳽磬š


182  ѹ
ϸ磬Щ¾ͽСɡͩŶݵ˵
ͷ˿ˣջǵ˵ͷðɣòҪ˺ʲô¿Ȼ⻰׻ʱеڸɴŴˡ
ͩ΢΢һЦûеͷҲûҡͷͬʱҲûгתͷӡ
Ҫֱӵö࣬ûκιǵ˵ҪΪΪҵȳƽܹ󡣽ڵӣͬʱǸ򡭡
ӸںͩΪͩٶȹȻ൱ˣΪ߲ʵǿռĲΣΪСʤǿӲټͬΪ֮£ǧԲһ˰ʱëͷСܹġ
ʲôʿǿΪĳѻ˵ˣĳ檣ӴԺڵĵӣҲãҲãǲġֳͩеǿƣǳָ
ˣһ£벻ܷıȿҪҰͲ
ʲô߼
漴һŭӲͷָͩ˵ˣðŻ͸һɱһ
ͷһ˽ţҪվԲλ侲侲һ¡
ʲô侲ģ°ڵӣֱ׳ڵϣĪغߵ
ƣ˵䲻ĻһСţֵĳơͩɵЦ
һ˦˿Ϊ볯ͩһ

ͩϺȻһɫۣϹ⸡֣ͩȫλΪĸ뱻Ϲɵص
һһֻԭɢķѸһɣ·һִͷתۡ
ԭķ·һͷһ㣬ʼͩķϹ⡣ҲѸٽ磬ʹͷͬҲӰŵ˵Ķ֡
ؼƱ
רƵǿ
ͬʱе֮ɢһط֮£Ʒս׵ĻҲܹǿӲƿ
ͩܵһеȥµķջᱻƿɲϲߡ
ֻͩ΢΢һЦó˴۱֮һĳ
ʽһһ̺ĩ٣ػһһĿ⾳·һ̾ͻӭӭսᣬһƿӵķͷһ߻Ȧڽʽ֮УµĻ⾳ӰΧ
ӾǳḻһԼطƣԷķ̽ԼΧûлţȻ˿̵ﲢƽֵʵⲻһ񣬶һʵǿĶ֡ıָûһƣ൱ǿơ
޳վżҲͰˣʵǿ̫Ӹеȡ
ȹ龪ȣʱӹϵ߶佣ԼΧû֮ǰӲͷƤŷߣӲһ佣Χ
ȻĴͬ⾳ϴ۱ķȴǿޱȵӵ±ƿһӡ
һƷƽ֮еļƷǰһʦĽֵƣ֮֮á

ռʿֻܹԦƷߣߣܹʹߵ㱦ֻҪȫϣܹ˵֮»ָȫ
ӵķȻһӣûеϵĳ̶ȡ
ӹһ٣ȴЩӲˣֳͩʵ̫ޣղһûпĻ̺˷µһƾвôǿɱƻ
ĳţٶȼ죬ҸٶҲԶˣӵʿʼɵĿ츳
ҲǷּģССǡǡ۹½ͩ߼ĳţţֻҪ䣬ļǰٷ֮١
ӺȻһְį֮УǧȴȲһëͷСӰĳɾͣӿԼṳ̂뷨֮ţ˷µĶ֣ߵʵһȼģֻͩһУԼǱˣٴȥɣ֮ǣ
ͷɫҲǼΪ׼ģһӾͿתˣҪٴȥ˵ľҪˡ
ûнⲻĳޣû֮ƴȥ˭ֲ˺á
ס֣λס֣Ǻúλƴȥ»ӰС϶еİȫͷһڵͣ
Ӳɵ֪ԼǶ֣˳̨̨ͷСӹҵͽô㣿
ô㣿ͩһô㣬Ұڸ˾ͲˡͩͿҪӻļһ

⻰˵ɱԣΣͷ˶һͷˣͩƢ˰Ȼ
Ҳ侲ԵһСӣʢ˵ľʹɱ䡣ҲʲôʵǿĴţһͷ˵֮־ͲԶˡ
λѴ˻Ǻ⣿ӵɫһ䣬Σٺˡ
Ǳ檣Ӵ˺ϵ檣ϰңö͵ƸͳڷѣӴԺζԹʹ˽ڻҪĳֻöֶˡͩԼȫѹͩԪԱѹ֮ǿҲͨվżʿܹġ
ӿͩװöķӡ˹ֽɫһһס
ڲԵӶߣͩһ˷
仰ʱŵѪɫٶ˵ʲôͷ˹֣һ䣺ãԹʹһʹӴ˲ڵˡͷˡ˵꣬Ϊһ뿪ˡڻ治ӶȻǰĪ˵СˣǰҲ̡
ͷһ̾󽭺ǰˣѷ׿ԽȻܹѹִӣϷ
ߣˣһؼʦͻֱ׬ӣǻ⣬ǾǱƵĳˡͩӦִֹ֪ͨĸϴŮ


183  ԼҰݻ
Լլ鷿Լҵǰļ˶һʲôһִ´վס
ԼҼλϣһûڵس̾ûп
ûУǸյõ鱨Բºܶ˶ġλִ¿϶ػش
磬СӾȻ˱̬ʧٰ֮󣬾ȻһѹǧռǰԷ̾ꣿʱŴӴ弶ؾżѡ
ܣעĿͳƺ˵ҲͰˣҪǵ棬⻰ǸԼǻˣԼҼؾ
ǰ⻰˵ʿǿΪ𣬴ΪȡͩڳΪռǿߣԺӦóһǰǡԼҵ̫ϳϿھ
ǰǺǡԷЦ
磬һûᣬǰˣּҪùˣԼҵλǰĹϵô˵Ҳйͬѧ֮꣬ǵĻҲλǰΪ˱ġԷɻ˵
ûдּһξ׶༪٣ӦһռȻܹȥݻһʦԼҵĳһλ˵ôʦƺͩǰҪ˳ڵĵö࣬ҲôŤΪͩһʦȥˣ似ˮƽò࣬һʦҲ㹻ˡ
ҲãһҴȥɽ԰ݻʦԼҼϵؾһ൱õĻᣬּЩ껹һ겻ɢغԼԣԼƣӦأӻ˼ķչٶȡ

ϧԼҼǧʷȴûһλ˳ɹͻƵռּҲȥ
ͩصɽУʢȴرͷ븮У˵ɫҲˣҲ׸סˡ
ͩû׷ڸʲô㹻ɺΣҲûиڵ顣
ϣһʢͱڿŵ֮ͤУ˶ٱ£мʫ黭ĸо
ͷϯϣڳ̬һϴཻͩţԼǧһЩ¾顣
ڴʱ׸˹һŰ˵үԼҵļǰݻᣬϰһš
ͷ˹һƣǺһЦӵݸͩģϵ˼أ
ţһɣԼҰæСܹ˳¡ͩ˵ͷ
ԼҼǽɡͷԸ
˴Ӧ˳ȥ
ûһԼҼ߽Ժӣͷͩ
Է壩ǰʦ
ͷ˰ֵôˣλԹɡ
лǰԼҼڵ

ͩȴǷѧ
ҡ
ǸģҵͬڻʼҸߵѧԺͶҲͬѧ֮꣬ҲѧѧҪôͩһԹûз˾Ͱǰĳӡ
Цһ̾ѧܣղĿ࿴벻һ꣬ѧ½簡
ڵ֪ͩռѹڵ̫ϳ֮һʱ֮Ҳţһ·ֱ֮ǰŻ˹˵ʵ갡ԼȥˣȻڴؾżڻ۽׶ΣͩѾΪռǰˡ
ɲʶѧļ׽ѧҪԷƱ˵ҵĽѧأͩЦŹ壬Ц嵭ǹƺԹ֮顣
Ҳԣѧ˵ԭһ൱ŵˣʹﵽ˴ؾżһмʮ꣬ռ⡣ռʿǧԪ˭֪ͲǰһΪԼʷϵһռʿأ
ͩ΢΢һЦͬػشʶѧ
ͷʱ򿪿ڵ˾Ҫг徢ð˼ϷЩҪȥλ㡣
ͷʱҽ뿪ˣԼҵ⣬Ҳּ֮ͩĹϵɵͣΪ֮ȻҪһȥЩҲȥЩû˿ͻķ

ͷ뿪ˣһԺӣֻʣԼҸӺͩˡ
ԼҼʮָɴʦ˲˵һǰԼұ̬ʱ׼ּҿս
ҲãĳһλΪ˴ǰĶԹּҵΪԭҴ壬Ｐ壡ڿּҵҲɱˣϵֱּϵ˵ΪȻȦˡּеĲҵԽԼҲҪֺ͵ΪԼҰĳּȫȦıɡͩƽ˵ҪǱˣֱԪľȫ
ԼҼȴǿҵɱͺ⡣ȫȦǱɱǻҪ£һʧȥȨΪּңȫ˶Ϊͽ
ⲻһĺݣֱúݶˡ
Ҳּҵģ£Լ
νȿˡɻ
ּҪͩȫңͩô쾭ġ
ԼҼСһصͷӦʦģԼһӦ𡣡ּǿ϶ˣͩŹּҵϵҲŹԼҾͿ϶Ҫնݳġ
ãҪ첼õλҸԸּҵϲ㽨ЩආҪԼˡͩ˵
ּҵլڣǲǲ̫㰡ԼҼĵҲһ㣬Ĵ嶼֮ڣҵˣ˵İȫбϵġ
ǱߣѾͨˡֱͩ˵˵˵һֱӶֵҲͩ
ԼҼ¶˿ĵЦݣּҾǧ꣬ڵȵһݵʱͩԸּҵϲ֣ʣµһȺආܹ죿
Ȼˣĳһؼ׼ȥˣܵĴ¡ʦ¿ֱϵˡԼҼǳʶȤظˣȴתͷ˵ͬѧİɡ
õģסͷӦ
ԼҼ뿪ˣؼ׼ȥˣ֮ãҲ˶Ŀ֮⡣
ڸߺ󣬿ʼƵͩϵ⣬ЩⶼǱȽѵ⡣
ͩҲûв˽һһΪһռʿָؼʿǾԵС˼


184  ּҵĿֻ
ͩһսȻڷ֮⣬̫ƫƧвʿԶԶؿһЩ̡
ԼҶܹյϢּûյϢ
ּҵķӦ֪
ϲѾһƬֻţرֽ
ּȫռĸһãһֱչҪռ̫ϴҲˡ
ڵֽż峤ϻѡ
ôģ³çҲͰˣȻ˲ɾָֽľּҵһڵĳԺŴ̫ϳ֮һ
٣һּҼȻȥһͨͥͨѧֱǻƫƫһľߣڰǰһ
˼һˣվżǿߣּ˵ѹһĿ¡
ֽҲޱȺڣһҲᷭ
ָʲôãҪһİ취ּҴϿ˵
ķүֽ񿪿˵
˵
һЭ⳥ڶǶüȫԴһתƼӵܣһռĸֿԷֽ񿪿˵
Э⳥˼ҿ𣿡ĳһλ̫ϳʵ
ԸһĻпܵģǴǳģֽ˵һͣ
ֽɵӣ⻰ҪȥϢ֮ŭ
ôܣǼҴּҵӣסүǿҪ˼ֽеҪǱȥ𣿡Ҫ֪ҿɱȫҰȳ޲죬ͩǸұ֤Ͼɱ𣿡

仰˵ּи߲£ֲֻ֮һ׻ˣǽֽҲ޷ء
һ£ֻСǣڵĳʵ̫ǿˣǿּ޷Կ
ִеڶתƼ徫ӢӵܻмԴͼɽɡּҵ̫ϴ´˽۵
Уֽļ֮λΪʮ̫ϳϣֽݴ֮λͳתƵ¡һֽ̨Ȼ̫ϳ֮λ̫ϳǲµģּܲȨģϻ֮Уֻ̫ϴϲȨ̫ϳֻȨûоȨ
ǣֽ˵Ӧ
ֽ񵱳ɵˣλӿһӲŵģͻȻûˣһȨҰļͻȻûһȨ˿̵Ըӵܡ
ڴʱּҵĹܼŽеλ̫ϳϣϢСˡ̫εĻּҵĺ·
С㣿ѵֽ˵
ʱѾŹܼĴǰֱƿ˴Ŵ˽ȥ
˭Ҵμֽʵ
ңͷųվżǿѹȻش
ֽ񲻹һ۴ĸ涼ܺᲢۡ
ʱ㱻ѹѹƣȫ𵴣·ѹһɽһ㣬ûһֽ亹ֱؾ˵վż

ڳ˶ˣվżѹһ˻񣬴Ҷǵðǰûôǿķ
ã̫ˣּڳһţϷҲܹĿˡ̫ϴȴޱȿĵش̾˿ҲվżּΨһһվżʿѾһǧ߰꣬ûжÿɻˣۿռڼ
ȴżּҺˣּҵռʿʮ˰ˣ⣬Ҳֻһ߼弶ȫļµʿľֽֽˣռá
Ȼ˵ּ֣֮λ̫ϳȴûк£Ϊּ֮УɷҲҪ˼ֻּ֡Ҫʱתƣܹһ٣ˡ
ּҪ𣬶ԽǲȱٵģǧּǿĸҲվżûռĸּ֣Զֻưԣ̫Сˡ
ͽվż˵зǳϣռּռĸ֣˳УһҲڸǿ
ּҵһڶַ׷һͩعɵľ޴ѹ
ţּҪתƣвƸԴԼᾫӢתƵһȫС֮УܱܷͷС£ȫȨ㲻Ҫ¶ԼΪ̫ϴ½۵
ּҴͷѵǾ治𣿴˵˵ȥҲּҵĴǸɣͻȻ˵

ּˣǿʳûʲôϴġ̫ϴϰԵ˵վּ߶ϣ̫ϴ϶ֽΪûκεĲҪ˵Ҳֽʵ̫ɾҪǱøɾˣ֣֮
ϳֽ֮λɡ
ˣҡҡͷЩǲˡŬҪȫϵͩڣͩԭ£ּҲȫ֮ࡣ
ڣˣЩӦá
ڶһ磬ּҿʼתƲƸ;Ӣӵܡ徫Ӣӵȫеߣ׼ͨ롣
ûжãһǿޱȵѹּҵķ󷨾ȻһҲûУ˵ûȫ
ͩסּңƷʯΪۣ߶ּ֮ͨլӣԲһ֮ȫ˱֮С
ּһڸֻûüӦֻת̧ͷһһ޴ڸ߿գɢܣѹ
⣬ôһ£ֽ־ؿſеľ޴ֻƣ˽ǷϹǿ
ãǴ½λ̫ϳע⵽⡣
ֽȼλ̫ϳҪɿն𣬲ɸշɣ㱻һǿѹأ޷ա
⣬ֶΣʿֶΣһֶΰּҵ̫ϴϱϾóãʶҲ΢е㣬ϳͨʿġ
ּи߲㣬뼫ȵĿֻ֮Уʲôʱּҵһλ񲻳ɣôܣ⾿ô£ּ˵ռѾǿɼĸ߽ʿʥǶܣ˵Ǵ˵еˡ
ֻһˣǾǻĿ֮


185  ȥ
ּլԲ֮ڱͩʮ˱˱Ȼȫ߶ɵּլԺػڶ뱦֮С
ɽĴͨͩɱͷ˳
ڸйϣͩҲͬһ£漴񣬳ûͨ
Щطȫͬڷ£ڱȷ¸һĴڣ̺֮أܹ֮ͩƽݻҲܹԷ߶һ˿Ƥë֮Ⲣܹͩȫеİ
ͺ˶Ὺ˶޳Ҳ˶ܹȫճϵй㼼
һոµռʿ˵ûʸЩͨġͨʿһҲһƤëɱ̺֮ͨҲ񼶱ȫһĸ߼ʸ
ͩȴ⣬Ϊͩı˵ͩһġܹͩزЩͨɴ߶
ͩӵ괫ּ֪Ҫ·ɴͲ´˶ĿȻԴּͨһ򾡡
ּռؽǧլػУӡռ֮УͩûаǷӡֻǵؽж

ּ˺Ȼеһת޹⣬һƬڰ˵жһص˵˼ȴȻʡ
ּ˶ãȻңرͨ˸ŵƨ̬ٳνᾫӢϵӵܣҲͬ
λ˳ּ֣СС壬ǰȴܡּ̫ϴϿߵһּҸ߲㣬ܶһ־ӣӲͷƤʵ
ͩʰһУ뿪˴˵أƮȻԶȥ뿪֮ǰȥһӶᣬͨӶʼϵͳĸȥʮϽңԪһϡֻе㲻ʲôµʿ˵ȴϡ䱦
ͩ˻һţͷһţӿԶԣÿһΣЧ룬ֱЧӰֻڸϸıĻ죬ҲһǿﱾԪġ
ԪΪεĽܹ֮⣬ܹԪı棬ر֮в٣ֻԪޣҪֱֹףʶҲϧ֮
ͩĿռ佻ƽ̨֮Уеļ߱ȴв١ϽҲױ֮жһģвٿռ佻׾ˣȨޡ
ּ̫ϳڱ溰Ļͩһ
ּ˵УֻжȻ˵ռһƬڰǼ̤ʿ˵ڰﲢ̫ѵ¡ֻܹľ벻ܺͰȶѡΪԽߣڰӾԽ
㣬ôֽܶȵؽе

ô£ֽŭʵ
ʱɵҲܹбԵɡ
ףŮТֻүһ棬ӴԺ˾ɣֱپɫӵ˵
ͽ㣬ͽּûҲТӵܡμֽ񷢿ŭ
ŵϼһ죬ͽˡﻮλҲаˣǵõλȴֻһ죬ֽβ
壿ּԵаŮв壬˴θ֣֮Ǳ檲Ͽּˡͩ쳹ա
¾ͩɣ̫ϴ̾ʵ
ûдͩԹĳĵİͩش
Ǻǣܿܣּˡǧϼ壬ڣӲТ̫ϴЦʵ޵˵
ͩһһ˵ɱȫҵңһǣΪ˴ֽʹؽеȻȨƣͬҲΪ˷չ壬ԼżС
ˣԺǵĹޣͩ˵գһӡּȫΪ
Ƿӡռ䣬ֻͩҪһӡռˣͩ׸ӡΪӡжӡ˼롢ӡһС
ɵǰǿ󣬸Ӱ
ͩͽȻռ䣬͵˹ߣţһЩ

ͩ뿪ûãԼҵȫжּҵһ򾡣ּ̲ҵвҵּϵˣץһգϵΪԼּ̲ңһӳΪǿļ壬ҺؼֻԱԼҡ
ּңǵլʧҲдС𾪣ʣµּ֪ǱͩѰ𣬵һҹ֮䣬ּʧøŵ̱ȫڰңûвȥ
ּҵʧԭһ£ǹٷǱȴûа㷴ӦһϢҲû͸¶ͺּԭͲһ
֮µڣҶ˵ʲôҲּҲһ
ּҵһڳȴǿʼʯ˱Լץסּ֮ˣ©֮ڳ˹󣬵г׷ɱ
ǧϵϼ壬Ӵг
ּҵǰ֮ҲΪ䣬֮ɱ޹аԵ֮١
֮ƾͩͬѧϵõԼһڳϵ֧֣ԼҼ֮λ
еһУͩ˵ѾˣֻͩĹѡԺͩ廳ȥʱ򣬻һ
ͨƵѶּͩҵ֪˸ĸҲһ󽫻ᱻлܲϢҲ˸ĸ
ãúãͨ޵Ϊҵĺöӡ
ͩ˵лܲܵܲصΪӶ߲㣬ҪŬǧҪ⣬ҪץסѵõĻƿɷ򣬹ĵ˵ţһͨ߶һĸ׶Զӵйػ
裬֪ˣһץסġͩ΢Цþûĸ׵߶ˣкů
ͩڵ۽͸֣ѾͨʿּͬҵֻһС¡
ӣúѧҪչԼҪҪעⰲȫͨŶӶĳɳǶҲܵʵݣԴӴ˲ȱӻʼ˴ӶĵλҲѾΪӶ򼶷ֻĸ᳤ÿ¾͹£Ҳû


ഫ


186  ۶
֮쳯۶ͬʱҲǴ½һǣһ޴ĸϣ֮ϵĸ߿գѾλ޾½֮䡣
ֻռϵʿܾסΪռϵʿ޷½ı֮档
֪֮ͩһ޴ľƷߣػ½ҪϣڣκҪ֮йռ½ͨһء
֮ϣפĶǾʿвʥϵĸֶס쳯ľţ֮УССռʿСӳʥǿߣжӳǰǿߣӳľ
Ҫ֮ǵõ֤ͨǰҲ̤ȥһ
µһº֮ͩ
Ϊߵȣֻּռϵʿܹ֮зառʿһ죬ȵڴ½ĵطʮ졣
½֮ϵʺռԼռµʿʥ֮󣬴½ȻҲЧȲ֮еĸߵЧ
֮еֻǿշ֮УдҪЧеʱ򻹱Ȳ½ʯ̺ʯȼƷʯҪ
һ·ͩǴ۽磬ֵߵ·ˣΪռϣճڡ½Ǹֵռʿ֮洦ɼ

ֵԱߵĵĶǶ׵ıЩڴ½ֻϲܵüڴ˵أȴֻͨƷ
ֵϵˣ˻Ա֮⣬󳬼ĵӺͳԱ
ͩ룬ѹڴ½ϣ󳬼ĵߣԭȫڵ۶
ͬΪ󳬼ĵӺͳԱҲǱĲͬΪţͩŲġ
ǱСΪӹšвšӢššš
ȻӶĻ֣ӶǱּ֮еӹ֮ˣڴ½ҲܹţΪǿռϡ
ӶǱۣͩڳż𣬴ߵģһվͽһ֥ʡͩԪ̡
ͩסӶΪŵһһ䡣¥ĵжʮ䡣
˵ǵ䣬ʵһСͶȫס൱ʡһʯ֮ͩá
еѾסˣеĻǿյġ
ӶʽټڻһңͩҲͰĵס
סû죬ͩȴǷ֮ס߸˵УȻƾٿ֮ʤǰĸ֡
Ӣ޺ޡףС졢¥ˣˣһƽСꡢһжľ׵׳

ֻͩҪԼᣬľ׽סͩк٣ģ
ҽͩáͩȻ֪ľ׵ûʽʶܹ
жľףдһ¡ľֱ˵˵
ﲻ˽ɣͩΪѵ˵סĵһ죬ͱ֪˲˽Ĺأ˵ˣͩҲ޹ʵ˴һܡ
Ǻǣ㲻֪˰ɣ涨˵ǲ׼ʵ֣û˵׼֮б԰ľһЦڽ͵ӶķֻܷᣬпƼһʲôߣҴȥʶһ¡
ͩʮֺ棬缼ͩǼʶּˡϵ磬ͩǰֻС˵пʶǣҲ͸Ŷľһ
ͩڵᣬӶһѵأѵĽ֮Ƚġ
ͩãûʵЩŲԱ˵ȫ򿪷ŵġ
һľóűߵĻϻһ£Ŵ
ҲҪǸǣȥֻ֮ܿѣʹһġľ׿ѵ
ͩóԼƣһ¡ʶϵ̵ƣʾǼǳɹ
Կռ似ɣ濴һңȥ֮ŷ֣ĿռҪһٱ
Źϣͩһ޴ĻĻʾͰӢĴ
Ӱ⶷䳡̶ֱֳȴﵽٷ֮٣ʵ֮УܹʲôĹҲܹóҲܹӳʵһģһľ׿ڽ͵
ͩ˲֡

ľ׹ЦҵһʱҲǺһӣ㻹ȣĶǿˡ
ּôİ̫һɡͩ̾
˵缼ʲô߳ļܹҲļ켼ܹǿ֮е֡ľ׿ڻش
ȫԸಫֲصĺֻಫǲиĽľ׿˵꣬ĽԽǰʮĽ
һЩͩ̾
һְɡľк
һܷ֣ͩնľ׵ָ㣬˽ȥŹرաǱʽ΢΢бȥǰɵ̬ͷһߡ
鿪ʼɨ裺֣ﹹɣʹʶӴ
ԭⲿĴģʽʹ߿Էֳһʶܹʹøһġ
ͩʶӴֻʶһȻ䣬оԼһ̨ϣй۵һУʵһģһͩʶһ붼ʵ֮У˵˿ͩӵһ㡣
ӦһΪˮ׼Ȼʵ֮еһģһʹһий۽У˷ֲʵ⡣
̨ͻȻ˶ľ׵Ӱ˹˵ôϤһ°ɡ
ͩ˵ͷɴشһ̫ȭϸظоµ壬Ԫ֫塢˼롢й۵ȵһжһһϤһ
ʲôʶһѡֳ֮ɵľ׿˵
ͩʶһǰȻͼƬÿһͼƬϸϢͩʶ֮С߶Уȫ


187  ǿĶľ
ͩѡһ߳װѡ˳ķߡѡһͩսףҲһ߳ĺôˣκζܹ˲
ͩ˻ӽоʵȫûʲô̫Ĳ𣬷ǳ⡣
ɣͩ˵
ãˣС׶죡ľһʹľУõıһѳꪡ
񱩵׵ꪼ⼤˲Ͱͩûˡ
ͩôֲֻüӽһм˲ͱԷƵǿϣս·һܣʣµһҲͩ˵ɣѪء
ڴʱľһ˲׷ͩΣһꪴ̳
ֻͩһꪵмϮǰһڡʾ֣ʹǷ񸴻
ͩͷӦ
ͩ˹ľһֻꪶһֻԴ˵˼ϰһ㡣ֲ˴򶷣̫ǳ˶֣һ͵öǿľУ֡ӵǿķطõѡ񡣡
ͩˣȷʵһֻȻĸоͷӦ£ȷʵ˽֣˵ƾеĶֽ֡
𣿡ľһгʵ
ʽͩ¾һѳ
ýľ֮ļ°ɣ벻ͩԼµȻҶµ̶ȡľ׳һᣬ׶죡
УַµĶƴ

ƽϢͩļ⽥·磬Ϊ֮ڹҪľ֮ǿһЩ
죡ľͻȻУһͻͩĽУֱϮ
ͩʽһתһȣ٣
佣֣ΧͩΪ״ƣľڱصõһꪣȻˣһ佣ûƵ
ܣ˴ͩȻףԭһоȻǷǹͩȴһֱãѹûа취⡣
ߣ֮ǽ
ͻȻ仯Ϊܲ͸磬᲻ɴݵķƣһ⾳Ӷֳ֮֮֮һܽ⣡
ͩȻһеĽ⣬̾˳
ͻƣҲУľؿǰ·ǵһĶǽ
֮ˮ֮򣬸һǿķ£µľڼ᲻ɴߵ¼ӳɣ¾ܹһַطӳ
ԭһУһֽǿУ¼ӳ֮£Ǿűķ
ҲѹֶľҲƿ
ãһҵռУľ״й񫣬Ȼóѹ׵ľС
ͩգΪ⣬⾹ȻǶľ׵ʵ
ͩڷϵ򣬱Ȳöľףľרעֳ֮ꪷں˲֮ͬ¡
ȶԣרע֮ĶľףȻֵͩʵҪǿöࡣ

ľ״һһꪼ⳯죬߸߾𣬵ľ׵ȴֳһӴӰӰ·ϡ
Ȼ֮䣬ӰΪһ⣬ע볤ꪣľһꪻӳһꪹ⣬˲
֮ͩϡ
ӵоűĶƣ˲䱻ƵһƣȻǵڶƣ˰ϢƵƽһϢƵ
һϢʱ䣬ͩҲܴݵض㿪ꪹĿ¹
һУˡ̹ͩȻ
ͩʵҲҿ£Ȼͬķʵ̫ˡֻһַʿַҪ򵥵öࡣСҰĲǳȻڿʼͳŸ߽λȥľ׸̾
ͩЦЦ˵ҲǿȻʼںˡҵʵǲ
ͩ޵ɣƴǰǿ϶ƴרעһַޡľף֮£ܹںϣ൱ֲһֱ֡츳óȺݶЩˡ
ɵ֮Ҫл֮ΪɵǰڵСڷ
ͩƴսԲǶľ׵Ķ֣ͩȫɡÿһʽĽ⡣ռǺսʤľ׵ġ
ʵ֮УʮһţͬɱԽʥ򼶸֣ͩҲ
ĽʮָӦûһʽɣľֵʵ
˽Ϊʮʽֻѧʽʽž̹ͩȻؿڻش

ŶʽҵҪʶһ£ľ׼ϲ˵
Ҳãҵʽһͩ߶佣ںΪһ
һʹһַһУصĸо⾳ӳ֮£еȻ
׶죡
ľҲͬʹһʽĳꪷ
ꪽĽ
Ӵڽһ֮ڿƲס˾ҵıը
ͩĵʽԼ⣬ռϷ磬˶ľ׵ꪣһٵ˶ľ׵ս£ľ״õ˳ȥ
ľڰ;ͿΣһǧ׹µ
һƿ˶ľ׵սȴû˵Ϊһ󲿷Ѿ׶쵲
ÿµһͩ㻹ز©ľ׿ĵؽеͬʱͩĸйҲı˺ܶࡣ
ľ׿൱׼ڴһ֮󣬾͸ӿ϶ͩ򵥡ΪһܣȥȫʵľȻеظоͩƺ
ľ˵ЦˣһҲǿһˣʽһûȫʱ䣬һҪľָҵɵʽʽ͵ʽءͩ˵
ŶУȻ岻ݴˡľ׿ĵػشȤľͬϲҲǺȫһܣԴ⶷ϵͳ֮󣬶ľǰ֣ҪҶȫһܣһ첻ܣ͸оַ
ͩͶľ˳磬֮˳糯ʳȥʳľ˵Ǹ߼ʳ൱мźӪܹǿе츳Բ
ˣ㻹֪ɣһӶѡӢţ͵ܲǿĴСһδ½ƾӱλţЩӵײĹϵһսսǣսʤߣܹȡǵ͵ܲȡǽǵĴСľ׿ڽ͵Ҳ֪ҵĳǶɢ޳ؼռǴӵײԼƴҶľЩŽԿ׳үǾȻҪǵֱǲˡΪ


188  
ͩصᣬרڽͲÿ£һΣ⶷䳡սľ׺ƽ˳൱ͨƽɢޣϵȻ׽ܿʹһƬ
˶ľ׺ƽλˮƽǿߵͩĽ൱֮죬˰ʱ䣬˵ʽź͵ʽǧޡ
׽ʵ̫£ͩԽԽо̺֮±仯õһʽʽӦļ⾳Խ̣ͻֲᷢͬı仯ľ֮ţкѩ֮ţ֮ţдǴ֮ţдȱ֮ţвãޱ֮š仯¡
ľ֮£ֲͬı仯Ϲʮ¡
Ҳʵϣͩڵĵĵһʽûȫ͸Ҳͩ޷׽
սھ⣬ʮʽһҲ˵ʮʽԺΪһǿϸ֣ǰʽһʽһʽһһʽһĽĽǰһһӦΪ޼
䱦Ľ;ǣںǰʽһɵ֮޵֣ʽһɾ޵֣ʽһɾ޵֣һʽһɾ޵֣
ͩڱľ״֮󣬾ںϽʽԽо򣬲ŷԼһʽûȫգںϽʽֱǳ롣
һսͩľ׵ǿˣ״ͩ԰ȫĵͶ뽣Ĳ֮С

ͩڷԭһʽֱ̺仯ͩʵֻһֱ仯ͩˣԭΪԼСɵļ⣬Ѿ൱˲ˣԭԼǾ֮ܡ
ȫͶͩչ侪˵츳ͩ츳ʵֻһ㣬ͩӱǿµԡ˽׶ξܹݻ׵ڶڲȻҲ൱̬ġ
ͩƵѧѧ𣬵һʽΪУš衢֦ϢʵҲڲĸǾǵУϢʮʽ̺С޼Ĵ󾳽硣
һ׿ԲһĽԲͨɫԪ屦䡷֮мصĹûһɫȫ񼶹֮еļƷ񹦡
ͩȻʽȴȫͷʼӵһʽѧ
ǰĻͩĽչ൱֮ռͩǿ˼á
ڼ仯֮Уͩľ֮šѩ֮šֱ֮仯ֱ仯һ£ںȻȲͬںҪ׵ö࣬ں仯ͻͩʱ䡣
ʱȥˣʮټʱҲˡ
ɴ½ƾѡԼӶڷ½⼸֮ѡ̭ӱλϵš
Ӣ޺ޡףС졢¥ƽľסҦƼƽͩһʮˡ

һϣĹ㲥𣺡ʱϢڣ¥㳡ϡ
ͩ붨֮ѹ򿪷ţͳ㳡һ͵ˡ
ͬʱҲͬʱٳվһ꣬һ̹ٷδ硣
λСΪ׼Ϊһšָƽ˵
˺ܿΪһţ꿴ȥۣʵһλĻ
̭ǲпģΪʾս֮ǰѵ֮꣬󣬿ʼʽսҽдۣǿԽҴ۽̹٣𣿡ޱ˵
ףӦ
ڿʼΪϣǶǳƽġվżѾܹˣҪ˵ľǷ֮֮·ղĹ̡зΪÿһַֺ㶨£˽ֻ֪Ҫһһ͸£ںΪһܹȫһ򡣶µĲճ̶ȣַΪСɡɡԲֻдﵽԲ̶Ȳܱ֮Ϊ͸ˣ˵ͣһ£Ǻһ
һֽ˵֮Уûṳ̂뷨֮šв˶˲ֻһ¡
ڳʮ˶صһͷûж˵ʲô
ǿ׷²еô򵥵ģΪķ£ʵϿַµ֮һû국˵
ˣ¶ŵı飬ֻͩ¶˹Ȼ˵ı顣
۽̹ٲΪһ۾Ϳͩ״һ˿棬ָͩ˵㣬У

ͩЩ⣬̤һ
ҲؿͩͩһˣҲ˴ʶˣȻ˵׼ٶ֮ͩľסƽ֮ȶҶһĹע
ķ£ҹָͩ˵
ˣ̹١ͩҲϻָָһʽʽ˹ȥ
һ֣һ̺֮ż̵ļ⾳֮Уֲ̺ͬʵ±仯
ǰ״㱻һ¿Ŀǽˡ
ܺã벻㾹Ȼʦͨ˷µڣʲô֣۷ǳ͵س޵
ؽ̹ٵĻѧͩͩػش
ԭͩӰɡͩ˻˶ſڽ͵֮û˭ʲô֮ǰҪϸͩţڿ˹Ȼ
˶üͷϸ˼šͬʱŬͩóһС
Ҳûдţ㹻ʱ˼
仯Ӣƺеİ˵
仯ϻ˭ͩһб仯޺޿ڷ
Ǳ仯ʽı仯Ƿµı仯ܾʮֹŹ֣ƽϵ
ԣ˵ȷʵˣ֮ǰͩԵʱûЩ仯ġľֵͩĴ࣬ͩΪ˽⡣
һһۿеȷʵ˰ڣеֻģظоеɴʲôҲûп
أ۱ִۣԽԽ
ˣҰʱ򺰵
˴۵Ļ죬׷վλá
λͬѧʲô۶ڰӢԷǳãһξܹа츳ˡ
ҽаӢӢƽػش
ţӢãҼˡ۵ͷʾͬ


189  ʶ
Ϊ˵ɣҶ֪ķʮһ֣ľˮ硢ס⡢ռ䡢ʱ䡣ÿһֳַַȵķ¡зþÿһַ򶼷Ϊ¡֪֮£ȴ֪зһ¶ֱ仯ʵϣֲͬʣͬһķ¡˵ͣһ£˵ǿ󣬰ʤôΪʲôȴ֮أΪ֮У󲿷ֶûеõϵͳ֮ǻΪûзͬһ¸вͬı仯ֻһֱֻ仯ûգֱԪľҲ޷ں£̤񡣶ǣνһ£ʵϲһµһֱ仯ˡ
ˣʱһֻȻ֮С
ľ׻ȻֲãҵʹõʱôѾԭҸûȫ£ǿںʩչȻ³ˡ漴ľתͩʵСӣȻֱ仯ȻƲ̫˼ˡ
ľףɲҪԩҰҲǱչģⲻһؾͱˣô˵ͩɲΪԭӰ֮ĸ顣
ҲŶľͩĽͣ˼صǸǸֻǿЦɲҪŶ
ֵһ˵ʵںϣ򵥵ľǰǲֳı仯Ȼֱ仯ںϣһںҪҲҪ׵öࡣ
ͩˣҲǳ⵹Ǻܺ⣬ϸȷʵ̻ҪҪ׵öࡣ

ǻʱԳɳһⳡսҶһͬʡ˵ͽɢˣôһúڵһС
ͩصᣬҲԾ治СʶǿڶഫǾ顣ɵָ֮ͩȥȴ޷֪ͩЩ顣
ڶ죬۾Ϳʼִ̣һһΣʼʱ򣬴۽ڵľȥõظ򣬲ҽ֮УģӦ绷Դﵽʱϡ
֮аٷ֮ٵĸйۣʹÿ˶ӦĻ֮£ȥٶȱͨĸҪһϡ
֮ͩǰ˰˼ֱ仯Ҵﵽ˳ںϣһΣֻ¾͸ֱ仯ںϳļ⡣
ļ⣬Ϸ˺ֹʽһоݻǿ
ļ⣬ֻǳľ磬Ѿ㹻ˡ
ֿ֮ͩʼĵڶʽ٣֮Ķܷ¡֮ٵһ¡
֮УǿԺع㲩֮ۣҪһ
ͬģܷ£Ҳֱ仯ֻͩһֶѡ
мж̷ȵȱ仯
ͩһе൱ģÿһν֮ǰ̷һöĹֹǲĸܹģʿڲ֮ʱн÷֮ġ
ֹĽױһŹӣܹȵһͨ鱦

ڽֹͨ¢Ʒϲ¢ˣΪʱҲЧġ񼶱𣬲ĸʵԴĸ
ֹֻѪЧûЧˡԣ֮Уе岢ֹӵԾ䵱ռ佻ƽ̨ȡԴ
ͩһһͰĹ߳ж࣬ǧͩõһҲۡ
ȻˣռĹȷʵݳһɼܲסͩǱǧĹðײá
˶Ŭ£ֻ츳ʱͩȴǿСĹ
ͩµٶȣ˵񡣳ÿ±ϵһڿ֮⣬ʱҶڲط
ĿγѾϵ˽ڴҴطԼϰطصر𷽷
ʮʿԲͬĵطвͬĳͼ
еԴԼطƺͲеϰֳɵطڲЩط⡣
ͩʹʮڿ֮У˽⵽ȥط֮õ֮С
ͩҲһٶˣ̤֮·ʼ׽һֱ޵Ľط
չɲν˵һʽڶ֮⣬ʽ̺ķ¶ǼżȻ²ġ

۽̹νطԴ֮У϶Ĵ֪ʶˡڲ⴫ܣϿ֮ǰ˶÷ģԲ⴫
Ļս̭ˣҲͬ治ǳԺ
һ۽̹ѵͽڵĿγ̣ǳ֮õĻͱزٵ
ѧЩǵ츳ֻҪ;䣬ܹΪ
ͩô˷ȱֳɵطֻѧ»ɬֻܿʱľ׽ζ
˴۽̹ٵĽڣͩȥϰЧ̴
۽̹ٵ֪ʶͺñһѧʽֳɵطһѧ⣬Ҫ⣬ֻҪѧṫʽҶƵʽܹΪɵؽˡ
ҲΪˣҲŸܹᵽĴǶôÿһ˶֮ӣŹ˵츳ͳȺǵ۹ѾǾͨ񣬶ǽָԼײĸ֡
ҪΪ֮Уɴ۽̹ٽڵЩ֪ʶѵ㹻ˣʣµĶǿԼСҪΪǿߣͱȥĴӪС
ԣһĻӶλϵӣǴʿ֮ӱţΪƴȫȡһ
պسҲңɼԵɺϣٽһʧȥζԺĳɾҲϵľԵңˡ
ͩڵʮλʿվʮ·ڣһ޴תۡͩͬǳ⣬Ľ죬ͬʱҲȡ̡ԣͩϧĹˡ


190  սʼ
רŵ񼶵Ľ̹ٽ̵Ƚĸ߿Ƽĸͩʮ˵Ľ൱Ѹٵģ֮ͩǰʽн⣬򣬹ʮ±仯
Ȼֻǳĳ̶ȣǶǰʽҲˣǰʽ֮ͩʼںϽС
ֳɵطֳԽˣԴطҪͬİȫںϣͨҲƿᱻҲ˵
ͩںǰʽΪ˳ֻʱ䲻ɡ
֮һζ
һ죬۽ٰ̹ʮѵŽе֣ص֮ѵǵѵѾˣ̹ٶÿ˶һͬʣѧĶһģõһġ͵˼ǵʱˣ˳ֻ֣ܹԼĽٶȲˡ
ף̹١Ӧ
һһ֣Ƿֳ飬֮нʵսԿɱԷһ˵֣ɱ֮ûл֣ÿ˿ԸΣޡÿʮ죬һεֱͣʮ֮Ļ֣ǰԻýʸ񡣡۽̹˵ڣ磬׼ʼˡ
ǡ֣硣
ѡװÿ˶ĦȭƵ׼šÿ˵ķװǲģֻʽһͼҲǲġ
ͩϤһԼʶƵеǳ⣬ò⣬Ķûʲô

ʱ塢ġһʼ˻
ֻͩǰһ˲һ֮У̧ۿȥԼһСһʯ
һȻʯ
ȣͩĦһĹ򣬷Ϊ飬ȻӶϵһ飬½ѡһ顣ͬһ֮䣬ɱ޷õֵģֻɱԷĳԱоһμԿûй涨ҪһһҲ˵ͩһϵĶ֡
ҪģһѰҶѣɱжӳԱȡ㹻Ļ֡
ôķΧҪŶѻǵˣֻпʶˡ
ͩһСмһѰһĿꡣ
ʱͩҵһˣȻףС졣˴ҡڵطţȫԼϢмϢǹҪϹ
λҲ൱һΧ൱գûп͵ϮĵͺֻҪ˶֣ô˱Ȼ¶м
ͩ̾һϣΪΪͩȻҲСģ͵Ϯ֮١Ȼ͵Ϯͩǲظġ
ףһڴˣ񲻼į˴ʺΪףֵ֮ءͩЦе˵֪֮ٸǲԭظģ͵һط
ͩ벻ҵĵһ־㡣ףС˽еĻϵ컭ꪣ̾ôֵУͩɵģΪ˵еһƾһ֮һַ֮»仯š
֮󣬸û֪ͩ˶١
ףɣǲ˷ʱ䣬ĳˡͩûж˵ϻһݷȥ
ãףСеķ컭ꪣӭȥ
˽ꪽνʮϢ֮䣬Ѿ˰غϣɼ˶ֵƵʺٶ֮ˡ

֣ǶİɣһУꪣСȳˣһʹȻͩϤĻ֮£һɷһе⾳һꪰ仯
ͩһãΪ½ţ̶ܹȫĻ£빥֮С
ͩҲʾʽһͬĻ¡
ڶڻµϣ˲£ͩȴʤһڽϣͩҪ࣬һԷһꪵһƿ˶Էսףһ塣ͺñȣ˫ڹ󣬵ʽϣͩȴʤС졣
⣬ôܣףСޱȵ⣬ţͩĽô˾һԼס˶ԷһġͬʱףСɻ󲻽ͩǰó±仯ľ֮°ɣһôʹԼͬķ
ûʲôܵġͩ齣սʣһǳɡ
ףСλΪޣ֪ȥˡ
ͩҲȥѰһĿꡣ
ףС츴˱ĵط֮ȴʵ벻ͨͩԭͻľ֮ļ£Ѿְ仯ûнɶԷԼʱʹõȴǻ֤֮ͩȻͬʱֲͬ¡
̬ļһ˿ǶԷ֮ǿһˡ
ԣľǼһܹͩѵ˵ľױͩҪǿ𣿡ףСһܣЩܴˡ

ҵڱҵһһˬʵĴЦ˹
ľףףС쿴ЦȻǶľһһļһһöļһֻûкͶԷֹ
ţлҪʡףС쿴Ŷľ˵
Ŷʱ𣿡ľ׵ûֱӶ֡
ͩİܸ𣿡ףС쿴Ŷľʵ
ͩһαԣӮٱȣûӮˣǸ̬һʲôѵղűɵˣľΪֱˬҲûֱ˵˵
õ֡ףСЦһشҲͬ˿
ô˼д㣿ľ׺ʵӴ۽̹ٵѵʼ֮ҶѾԼͲϣû˭˽ԣΪ˶Ŭ˭Ҳҷģÿһ仯Ͷһʵ
ֻƴһУΪУףСش
ţˣʽϣͩĽпȥƽֻнֵ˲Ľ֮аͬ㡣ľ׹Ц
˵СꪣףС߳ŭһóС
㰡׶죡ľͬȫһ׶ǰȣҪϼͬն
žţľǰ׶죬ֻ̺һְ仯һ仯ʼα
ʽһʮͣ׶ȴҪꪾһЩʽı仯ֶһЩ̫Զ
ףСͩһ֮еõʽĽͩһ߽ףףСģףСڳеʱ򣬶දһЩͬʱʹꪣҲǿġ
˶ƴ֮£ѷ֡
ľʽһ䣬죡


191  һжϣ
һеصٶȣٶ൱̬żǿƷףСûʲôط
ףСһܣҲǼΪù̬
ľ˱뿪˴˵ء
ͩ˰죬һ·ҲûпԼ١һ·Ҳûô˵ˡ
ͩƵʱ򣬺Ȼʶ״ʮӷڴ򶷡֮һȻƽλʦ֣ͩᵽء
ƽãͶ޺޸Χ
ף󷨣߽ͩһƣŷﲼһ޴󷨣ͩ󷨵һ㣬һоϸͩͷ󷨵кѹƵ˷
̫ѲãֻҪ費ǳóһסվżֵ׾ٵġߵһЩסʥ򡢰Ҳǲܵġ
ѹƵ˷󷨿ɾͲˣҪֹЧһ󷨣ǸǷëǣ󷨱Ȼ
һڵʦȶľ׻Ҫ񣬲һʦֻж޺ˡ
֪޺һ൱ҩʦսҲܹȡÿƾٺѡǰڿһʦ޺޵Ĳʮ˵УΨһܹͩᲢ۵ġ
һα֮У۽̹ٲῼ飬ǿǷʵ
ƽһжھԵ·磬ƶر
ͩİæȴ裬ԭһ˳Ҳȥ
󷨲谭ʶʹ͸

ףԾͩеطƽʵ»ϸ۲֮£ƽɫ࣬˫ϣжļ
绹ܹö
ţϸһ룬һ綾ʲôȶԣ綾ߵȵȶǴڵʣܹһҲ֡С֮УˮƽһͻƵģܹҪ˵£ǿɾѵ̫ˡ
ҩʦˣҩʦĿ֮ڿЩƷ浤ҩöϡҩʦһʦϷʤĿ¾綾Ǿ͸Ѳ
ͩڶ޺޴ˣǶ˼Сģ˵ֶ̫࣬Է
֮еƽڻǳܲס˵Χһɱ
ƽ֮ǰޱؿһ۶޺ޣʶ͸ͩСĶ޺ޡҲûжֻͣһ仰
ͩҲģƽмθᣬõһθ᲻ʲô
ƽһΧ󷨶ʱȥ޺޺˳ͩ˵ֵˣͩ
ǿɲ㽲ӣһһ޺ŵһѽȣȹǴ̣ͬͨϻ˸ɭ̹⡣
ţ֪ˡͩЦЦ·𲢲⣬ͷ˵λڴ˴ʡ¶һˡ
ԲѣһУһݣ˹һ˫ʵȭףֻһȭأ

֮£֮һǿİ塣ܹ֮Ϊ֮ǿķ򣬲Ϊķ壬µǿҲǲСһ֮ҲǼѲһ֮Уϵ١
һȭǿ󵽼㣬Ȼƾܹռ䣬ʹÿռ顣
ͩҴ⣬Ȼ˵ɣʵͩսӵˣսȴǼΪӵġ
ͩһӳǽǰ٣һҲ֮⾳Ƿ⾳ǰȣͩٷȻвС
ĶƴǷϵĲ̶ȣΪĸߵͣԼľȡ
ڷϣһȭ£仯Ϊһ塣ﵽµĳ̶ȣ൱ǿ󡣲ͩҲͬǳܷ£仯ںһ𣬷ȱ
˶վż۷壬ΪϵĲ£ѵصʱͩҪ磬һؾ͵õ˾֥ʹΪϲӶϵˡ
һϣӶֵ൱ƽʹһ̹٣Ҳһͬʣû˿ƫ̻Ҳ˵Ӷ۽͸վͷչϵġΪͩǹӴؼͿʼĵϵӣҲΪ˳Сӡ
ǱľϣͩȴҪҪǿѵŶҪơͩѴġתԪҲһ裬ǿǵһ񹦵Ļƪ£ܻҪʤ֡
ԣǿһбͩյ

൱ƣӳʼܹȭͷƽ̫Ʈȭͷʱ򲻵ҲͰˡƵǣͩȻ浲һȭǿһˡ绹һľԣƴЧʵǿǵһ濿ҵˡ
ʵǰӢҲԹԹŵֵ˫ȭӶĵϵţÿһСһľ׾൱֮ǿˣղŵƽһһûаȡʤټͩɲļһ
һ˲Ҷ֣һϰɡͩ˵
ҲãֽС޺΢΢һЦּ䣬е˲ֳɰ˸Ǵ̣ͩɴ̶
ͩһ֣֮зɳһСֻΪӭ˸Ǵ̡
Ҳʦ޺Ϊȣͩ˽Ⲣֻ֪ǵһ仯šһֱ˶ֵͬһڵʦһ㣬֮߳һ֮Ҳšȴ벻˾Ȼһʦ
ͩһ־ǷֻӰһͩѵУҲҵӦ򣬹֮Ͱ֮С
ͩط֣Լеļÿһɷǿ編ںеطȻطҲڣЩطҪ̫Ź֡еҪǣеҪרһΨһ
̶ʱ䣬ͩڡֹӰ򲢲ṳ̂뷨֮š
Ϯ㲻̺⾳ĹҲ൱ǿƵġ޺һʱ֮䣬Ǳͩһи
ֳͩʶٿطɽʣµ߳ʶǷϡ


192  һж£
벻ͩ㾹ȻʦǲЩҵղ˶ԷĽսȻǷطȴ˾ס
˵գһȭͬǶȺȫ֮ǰͬ
ͩһûбصѡһתһʽ
һȭһ˲Ϣ䣬ѾʮغϣÿһغϽȫԸԹԹ
޵ýһ£µԣҲ㡣۵飬ȴǲԶˡ
£ǿƵȭ
ͩʾʽηӭȥ
ûõģܵһȭܵʮȭһȭ𣿡ȭڷͩĳٶȾȻȲĻȭٶȡ
ͩȫӦĹʱȻһȭӱֱϮս׷ڡ
ߡͩƺһвãϵˡ
ôҵȭ𣿡ʤ׷ͩûл֮
ͩҲΪ⣬һֱֱͰԵļһȻҲʹȭСͩͩһмţһתžתԪڵȭж⡣
һͩʽһתʽһ⾳ӿȭ⡣
ͻȻıУôֲͩһƷ
ۡҲ˲ơ
ǻ֮£ܣ㾹Ȼֲͨͬ¡ܵصĴһΪŵԼ֮£ְ仯ԷȻ£ʮְ仯֮ĲҲδ̫һЩ

ƽ֣ƽҲͬһ£ʮְ仯ֱԼ֣ҲڿԽܵķΧ֮ڡͩͬķ£ѶȱȲͬһַķҪࡣ
Σ£Ƕ֮У޺ͻͩķϣֶսͩ
ûԲסͩѹڵƣֹ
޺֮ʮ죬ֱܡ
ɱ󣡡޺޻䣬ʮŸһߣĪɲ֮򣬽Ƭռָ˳ӿɷ֮֮ڡ
һ򣡡
䣬ֻͩһڵķʱѹҡ
ٶȣ򣡡
ͩ񱳸һޱȳصİٶȡٶȵȵҲѹҡ

޺޸ɴͩҲѹˡ
ٽһУ˴󴣡еİ˸ȹǼ̣һ˸ۣƷ֮ͩУ˸̣ش幥ͩ
Ҳ֮Уʱʱػȭͩ
ͩܵ޴ѹһߴ߶ֹӰֵ˸̣һгмĹҪʱάֻ䱻͸մ
ͩ񾫴ķ˿ֵ쾡£Ӳصס˶˵֣һ٣Ͷ޺޶û˿취

ɶֻͩжڹı𣿡޺ͩ⻹Ӷϵӵķ緶浶ǹƴһѰ
ͩԶ޺޵ĻһҲð
ĵӦŶ˵ΧͬʱҲڷḻԼĴ򶷾顣
ľľľͩڵ˶˵Χ֮ʱҲʼԶ˵רĵʽһӦķʲô
һгٶȼ죬ȵʽҪ죬һӳʮŶ佣ţרƵ˷
һд÷ǳǱԭ͹ǿһмûзµļӳ֣ͬѷڳµĵʽ
һеص㣬һ桱֣棬νƷնСǽֱ֮۵֮һ˽֮ķâ
ͩһ֮ʱඥһ㣬ȻʡʽӦĲǽ֮Ľ
ͩĽ⣬ϵʽĽʹ
ΪʮŶ׿ɢֻʣһУڰƿǰ·
ֻһűնһĿӣս飬Ƿ·ֽһ㡣
޺ȻԶͩҲǸǵģͩ˿֣֮ʩչ
⣬˲ƿ˶޺еķͬһءϾʦͳ̶Զ޺ޡ
֮ͩУȻһɱ䡣
һǳҪɱ䣬Ҫִ֪н磬ʦʦϵʵϣ񾳽֮ϵͲˡ
ΪÿһʦʦĽϣȱ
ʿ֮ͷֳϵʦʦóսʦóԶսʦԶս츳ʦȴǿԿԼսʵҪΪ񣬱ҪԼΪˣʦĸҪԶʦ

ͩһ·ĽϣһϿһõĿʼʵûҪǵҪսʩչڻϣһŽս
ףãͩȻһ˿Ծ˲ش˵Ļᣬ˳ڸǵķΧ
ԭ޺õĲǶǶ֮£ľ֮һѲķ£ȶҪԷַʩչܹϢ˵Ļ֮Уһ͸ڣΪԪӣԪʩչڱ֡κʩչַǳױ綾͸
ͩʱɢ˻ѾˣѾжˡҪľ֮£ֻľ֣֮ͩһ䣬ֻء
ԭ˹֮⣬ܶԼʹõġ
һʽʽ˽նУǽֻ֮УԼʹãǷ·ֻһ㣬ػ֮Ч
ԴƣʮʽޣնУڿɴ컯ڼЧͩϸһ㣬ڽܸһµ⽣ʮһַ򣬿ΪС棬컯ѹִ˽ᱻ¼Ԫ屦䡷֮С
ֱԣ
ͨͨ
Լ˽⻹̫ǳһЩһ׽ԽϰԽô˽Դ⡣


193  ʽں
ͩϰͨʱ仹̫٣ûϵ򣬸Էһͨͩ׽ǰʽķ£ʵϣֻܷͩӳ׽Ƥë֮׽ʹ÷ʽ൱أͩҲȻÿһÿһʽͬʩչʽвͬͱ仯
ʮʽȴ·仯һ㣬ǡ֡
ɵǳ
ͩڵľ綾ȴһңѹʦ֮ǰҪԼСĶ޺ޡԭ޺޵սǺǿʦóľǷŷսͬʱǹޱȵʩ֮ҲͩҲһʦֱɱżȻҲ͵Ϯô򵥡
㣬㾹ȻҵĶ޺öмңҲ֮ܲ¡һܿͩڵĶˡ
٣ͩӽӭȥһͩȴǶ޺ޣˣսͺѽ
סͩΣӽ޺ޡѾӶĵϵһʶЩŸǴӵײԼӱģûŵ츳ռ֮ǰܵõԴޣȴܹԼ˸ĳɳͻռ
ĲݣЩӵȵģŻ½붫޺֡һһҲûıȵЩ̬š֮ǰսƽʱ򣬶ѹҲѹ·磬ƽж죬ʤ˵ء
ͩƽ˿ѷɫ
Բͩӽ޺ޣ޺һԼҲŲ˶á

ͩԤϣնΪľսסֳͩɵʶʹһСʩչʽһУͩĵã֮󣬾ͩȻ˼¡
ͩˣԭľ֮˼飬ĽʽݻʮʽӦĲֻǷô򵥣ֱָķһʽݻһŷǺεȲ
ҽʽһУһʽ콣ͩռʱһɱ˸֣ͬ˽ʽ֮죬ԷӦֻǺͩԽʽɡĲ㼶֮ʹ⽣ʽʱ򣬾ͻ᲻Ծؿ˳ٶȣԼϸĵȥƷζʽ֮еĶؽ⡣
ʵϣս֮ʹõĿ콣ͬ£ǱȲġ족
νʶж죬Ͷ졣ݵȻһ㡣
ڶ޺޵УǰСͬʱһ㣬ת˲š۾ֻģؿʧѡ
ţ޺ֻþһʹȻը䡪Ȼ׷ּң۾Լеľڲͣط
Ҳ˶һ˿һƣ޺޾Ȼն׼ˡѹеľȣҪˣ֪޺һ󷨺ܿҪʧûѹƺͶ޺޵İԼһ˲ͩĶ֡
һѡţ˰Ӣ֮⣬һһûܹսʤӶĵϵšӶҲΪ󳬼֮һˣǵ̣
ӢĳɳӶЩϵŲ࣬ЩӵײԼɢޣÿһΪǿơӢ̶İ꣬ѹ½ӵܣԼͶ޺޵ˣΪƾٵһǿܹġ
ӶЩŸӱ̬ÿһ䶼꣬ǰͩᣬһʮ겻Ǻεȵı̬

Ҳ쳯һĵһţɱͩԵ˵ǲԶˡһһ̨ûжʤȡ
ҪͩԸأͩĹּǿɣΪʧˡʦʦ˶ˣȻ־ȥ
ΪԼʱ򣬴Զݹ⡣
ףС졢¥ǣ̫ˣְæŶ˷
ףС͹¥ԭˮڵԩңҲǰӣֳͩ
޺أǸȴӰ¥ʵ
Ѿһˡͩһӭսˣһ߻ش
˿һ˼顣
ģ˵Ц˵
ףּ֣ˣδ갡ͩ㿪˹¥ĺ£ףС˹ȥ͹һ
֣̫ͩˡףСͩӲӣ˵ߣԸͩףСֻʤθˣҲǵùֽͩ˶ľףһԭҪ֮Χһ׬ġ
ѩ׷ɣ¥ɢµĶⶳķΧ󣬶ڹ¥Ŀ֮£ⶳȻֻͩЧһ൱̬Ŀ
ͩ˵¥츳ǿ֮壬ƶʹޱȡ
ͩһжۼʤȯգ˭뵽ֶˣһʵ̫ǿһЩƵľǶֶط֮ǰĶ޺ޣö󷨣ѹƵͩ﷭ò׸ɵ˶޺ޣһ¥

¥Ķȶ޺޻ҪѲ塢Ԫߵȶڱر⡣
ͩȥԼжʧȥֻ·һ
ȻθĻᣬͩףһβԲһϵĿĸ˻˵Χ
٣ͩǿķطʩչ˵Χ
ͩóԼľУòͩʹһľԭһʽ͵ʽںϡ
ºͻ£ĳ̶ֳϣʵ൱ġֻ֮Ҳ
ͩڳںǣһֱôȶһͩƼˡ
ɴʹ˳õǱ취ʹʽʹһ£ֱʩչ
ָͩŵһöָһöΪͩṩеıÿ˶һö
˫ֽ˫ֽΣһóȫʮľһȭһȭغ
£
ꪣ
ȣ
˵ΧӼˡ
ֽͩԽӣֲͬ壬ײһ𣬳˻ɽײһĿ½Ǿֻһֿܡںϣ
ãں£ֹͩͼҪƿǽĵ·


194  ǿƵͩ
ֲͬ壬γɵײϣڸһӴ֮£񱩵йƾͽ˵ƿ˽ףΧĶɢͩΪģ׷ԲڣӽʸĶûС
ãȻܹںֲͬķ£Ծޱȡ
ףСЦ̾ʲô̬ôܣıˣܵ˳صĴںͬѾ൱ѵˡںϲͬ£Ǹϼѡ
¥һֱıҲǿҵı仯ĹϼȻֻǰ壬ȴҲ൱ǿƵİ壬֮а񳬹ʮλ֮࣬ļʶȻҪ֪ں൱´з򣬿ԳΪںϲͬ£ſʼںϲͬķںַϵ񱻳֮Ϊ
ͩȻں磬Ѿ̤ؼһһȣȡҪΪܶͩѾżǲ࣬޴Ĳࡣ
ûнӴͬںʱԶҲ֪еļѣеİһҲ޷ƿ
ͬں£ͬںԱȲֲͬںϡ
ֻǵµĻͩͨ£սҲܹάһжʤһǿܣһı䣡
ͩ£ս3ֵ˲һ£һҲ3ֵңһЩ3.2ֵɡͩں֮е֣սͻ30ںµĻ300
ɼںϷµİԵˣ

ѾˣǷͷ˰ɣѰ޺ޣɱ˰ɣ̫̬ͩˡףСѾõθᣬɲһΣͬһԲʲô˸˵¡
ˣ̵ͩĿ£ﵢȥûͩ˿ΪĿ
ͩȻԼ⣬ǿں£ںϲȶʱбĿܣͩҪսپ
ûͭǮİͩ޷ۣԼڿռ䷨Ҳﲻʹ̤鲽ĳ̶ȣ¼ӳ֮£ͩĸ
һ¥׷˹ȥ
¥ʧɫƴҪ٣ͬʱɢͩ˿̷·鸽һ㣬¹֣ȫЩͼĶʮ׷˹¥һն£
¥ƴػ赲ҺƴˡһͬھԼзԪһ޴ıףȻرȫҪ
ꡪͩǿޱȵһп˱סһ޴ɫţ¥ױ֮ȴըһ룬赲һ롣
ͩףС׷˹ȥ
ͩ˿̵ٶ൱̬Ϊһݹ⣬ֱףСĺɫݹ׷ȥ
ףСƴҪܣҪԲеطٶȻСҪʹ͸֧Ǳطľԣطʩչġ
ɶ׷Ҹʲôﲻȥ׷ǻ쵰ףСƵشе
ˣ˭أͩÿ˵شʵͩ׷ǹ¥Ϊ¥ĶͩɵȰɵ˵ɵ˹¥֮󣬺ܲףСͩԽϽ׷׷˭

ףСˣǵùö˵ˣûüԹͩ׷ˡ
һɡ
ףСֹͩһΡ
ͩת׷˹ȥ
ѾԶˣȫӰ֪ͩ׷ϣȻ׷˹ȥǻְ鸽״̬ڣͩȻŹûᣬһðںϷ£˳ɹˡһҪںϷ£ɾͲһܹɹˡ
ҲкôһںϳɹԺںʱҲһЩ
ʯ֮УױٶȣǲܱȵùͻȻͩͩ׷ɱ¥ףСʱ򣬷ɽȺСռ䲻ʯȺ֮У
ͩ׷ʯȺȴȺ̫ӣҪʵڲס
ɣ쳯ĵһţƺ̫һɡͩʶһһ߰˳ȥ
ͩڿٶƶ֮УһûжʶķΧ
ͩʶΧ֮ԶʯȺĻ֮£ʵ㲻ʲô
ƶٶȲ̫죬ΪٶȱͲǿҪͩ׷١
٣ԭͩ˸ҵˡ

ͩʶټѸͩʶΧ֮⡣
ͩѸٵ򣬳׷˹ȥӳԼʶΧһ׷һóһСķɽ
һͩһָɽ¼ӳڷɽϣɽವһ졣
֪ԼѾˣͩʶһֱԼһ̲ͣ·ͬʱҲϵŸͬԱҪΧͩ
ֱϵֱһʾ̵㣬㣬̵ʾԼͬԱλãϵͬˡŵжˡ
ͩڵһ飬ûװҲΪƽʵҲп˼С
Ƶǣ޺ޡףС졢¥ˣΪͩıʵ̫ǿˣҲ
ֻϵ˰ӢӢͩ׷ɱأҪȱٶ֣þ͸ϿҿɾͳŲסˡ
ӢյϢ֮һ£㶯ķȥ
ȥ˵ģͩԽһԼĻ֣6֣
ˣӢǶ˶˷ܵĹʡ
Ӣһ߷Уһ߿ֱʾûһֱʾϵĴ̵ʧˣգۼ̵һط
Ӣɫһ࣬ʵܹô̵ʱڰͩһǿĶ֡ɫģȴǼΪ˷ܣеٶּӿһ֣۾һֱֱϵһ㣬ʹͩķλ
ʵӺ޷з˭˭ģΪλ԰Ӣܿ϶ͩ


195  ŰӢ
ͩеջ˷ɽһɱͩԼĻǵ15֣
֣ŲĻеȨޡһֱͩ۴ͻȻһֱ
ͩм⣬Ȼܲ鿴УǺ°ȻͩţҲʮ⴫ġ
ͩϸһƣϱʾţ
һ֣ͩ15
ڶľף֣6
Ӣ֣6
ģ֣3
壬ƽ֣3

ͩΪ⣬Լ˦ôԶǷǳ׵°ԲſʼûжãʱȲԶȡ
ͩǶԲеڶİӢΪȤܹõ6֣Ҳ˵Լһ֮УѾ˱ɱһΣһ˱ɵΡ
Σ˵ʵԲС
Ӣǵж֮УΨһͩɵˣ˵츳̫ǿԼӵϵͳͳĴָߵĵزɴȴҰ·ӳԴİٶͿվżˡ
Ҵʱٶʱſʼ𣬶̶겻ʹﵽ˽ĸ߶ȡ
֪ͩΪʲôӶûзλ½һţŽ֮ƵİӢԿ϶ԷûϵͳָҲнĳɾͣپϵͳָȻʱ״̬һʰ
Է֮УѾҵĽ£Ҳ֪Ӣںηĳλͬ޽ͬдһֹͩ
ͩѡһԶݶȥ
˰죬ͩҲûҵһĿ꣬ƣȥ治ǰ취ʶΧʵް

ڴʱһӰͩʶΧ֮ڣͩʶϸһƣȻ⻹˵ܲ٣ܲٵ
ͩʶŶԷԼڵķԷͬҲԼͩûж㣬ͣԭصȴš
ûһӢӰͩ߷Χ֮С
ͩվһֱʮʯϣȴŰӢĵ
ӢҲ䵽ͬһʯϣͩס
ҵˡӢֵ˷ܵЩ
Ӣ֣㲻·ඣҵǺҵٵġͩʵ
Ӣһϵֱڻشܹʾ֮˵Ĵŷλҵ㻹İ
ͩ̾Ҳ̫ƫ˰ɣǷ·Ŀ꣬ȴͨǵ٣
Ӣ˵ͷشȷʵ˴ôĵطĺҵ֡
ͩҲףӶƽ⣬ԼΪǳ⡣
֣ͩҪֽ̣ͽ̡ӢϿ˵ȴѾγ˱
Ҳã¶԰ӢҲѾãɡͩҲûƳ٣֮ûгޣ˿ȴĶ֡ͩͬóһָŰӢ
ʮ֮Уֻ㡢ҡƽרעڽ򽣰أݴһ׽ؿսĿǰȻ֮УֻУָ̣Ӣ˵
ѾãȴǲӢԴĽµͬҪӢֽһˡͩҲʾػش

ҵһУؿһʽնգӢһոѣա
ͩ˲䱻˵ռѺΧ񱩵ĿռӿһûͩӰ
٣ͩ˲ʹڶʽʮ˵ǽͩΧܲ͸磬ֵĿռ
ֻһӢĽȥռԶ޸ˡ
þķУӢӢ޽ţȽ츳ͩҲȲһ۾ͿͩеҴлһЩʾ
ؿնʽϿգӢһǳͩġ
һϿգǺӵҡ
ͩƲҴ⣬ʮ˵ǽǰ
ǿƵƵͩһǽ
Ӣ˲ʹʮ˽ƿͩķƵͩԹԹ
ýҲӢ֣ҲһУʽͩһʽõǿ콣һݣ硣
ӢҴ⣬ͩƶٶȲ죬ǳٶȴʶҲѲֽ൱ġ
ӢĽֱӽֵͩһнʽݻޱߣǿ콣Ҳ
Ӣȫ񣬻ӽţڻЩŲסˣһؿʽԲգ
һһͩеĽһԲɡ
һзԲ֮УͩҲһİ̫ȭġԲ֮ͨв֮ͬ
ýܹͩ̾Դ˵ԵĽͩĿ࿴

ҽؿʽ̿գӢһУѾˡķ룬̤ˡż
̿һɱ֮ɱУϷµļӳ֮ͩҲҴ⡣
٣ܷ£ͩһмӳ˷֮ͬǣӻӳУϣŵ˰Ӣĵʽ
ãֹͩȻ鴫ѹ˽ԲֵͩĶ֡ӢһԴˣΪʲôܹΪѡһƾͷ״Ԫ̡
һУ³ạָ̃Ӣ˷ܵؽе
ͩҴ⣬ԴĽȻޱȣղһУ̺һַ±仯һԼ١
һУӦñһиǿɣӢľȻǿռ䷨򣬴ҰҲδ̫˰ɣ
ռ䷨Ͻ׷򣬸ʮּѣռ䷨һַ±仯ܹ½׷һᲢۡ
ټϣӢǲ֮ٴУͩȴѧ˽֮⣬ȶԣӢĽǿ
رǰӢ첢Ƶǰʽнﵽˡ֮۷壬˵ͩ÷¼ӳ֮ӳͨС
ԣ˵¼ӳ֮һǿҲ˵ļһ¡
ǡǡҪĻǶʹߵķӡ
˵ͩķ10ĻӢķӾ1213ңڽ츳ϣͩ˰Ӣһʵսˮƽս츳ҲȲϰӢ
ؿʽգӢһӵױȵĴ͸ֱƵͩЧͩأض
⻹ͩܵĽܿҪһ
Ƚ츳Ҳ㣡ͩƿȥǳأʵ̫ӰսʶӢĽ֮Ҳò̹Ȼسϵ
ΪӢһֻ̺һֿռ±仯¶㲻ϡӢ˵ֻнҲ˵һֻһְ仯


196  ʽһ
ռ䷨Ĵ£ȴоֱ仯ľʮְ仯ӢһﾹȻҪֱռ䷨򣬼ֱҰĴó֮ͩ⣬ͩкԴ䣬Ҳ˴θڵֱָռ䷨
ˣ仯ȴˣÿһ¶ѣںϵѶҲʼαƿѶȸ˲֪ٱ
ӢĴսȷʵǳޱȡ
ͩҲҪԴԼط
Ȼⲻ˵ӢĽܳ෴ӢĽ롶ᲢۡΪͩԡֻƤëˡ
һսҲͩ˲٣һǵǿ£۷ġһȲġȥļɾԿ۷壬ֱָɼ롰ǿϵġ
ǣȽѧ֮ͩҲеİ
УһʽʽͩһǴĽκν⣬ͩǴԼʤˡ
һвˡӢӽӭͩһС
Ǻǣ䣡ͩδʩչȫĽʽͻȻ仯ٵĽ뽣ʽ֮Уһʽ̶˼ı仯֮ǰĽʽʹó֮ʱͬһŵ䣬һʽı仯ʹͷ·𻨹Ƕ俪ʼһ
ףȤҵĴսӢ˽ʽ˼ɷ仯Ҵ⣬óרƵ˷Ĵս
䣡б仯𣬶˼ƣһִ֮ζ
ͩʽһҲ˵һʽ֮Уͩ츳ȲϰӢȴȲӢȥֳɵĽȻܹƿء

ûнӳ֣ͲҪǽ֮ѣĽʽںϣʵеôѡ
ӢĴսĸɽֹƱ仯סˡ
̿սӢĽҲű仯һ̿սն£Ȼϵı仯
ı䣡ͩʽľٱ䣬ȻһɸҽͱƵķ֮ơ
ӢĽһ䣬û취ֻӲӲնս
ûõġͩͦӭһı䣬̺ĴʽնսƵ˵ġ
ӢĽͩĽֻס˷֮䣬ȴס䣬˲Ʊͩء
ӢˣͩҲûгʤ׷֮ǰܴͩӢҲûгʤ׷˵׶֮ûг޺ֻ֮ڶѣ緶еġڵǵжԵġ
Ƚ仯Ҳ㡣Ӣ̹Ȼϵܽˡ
ĳͬ治ǳͩȭ˵
ɣΪֹԣһս֮ս룡Ӣ˵գӽ뽣ϣ˵һһգ
һһʮ㣬ٱ仯һ֮Ӣ˻Ϊһ޽̺˿ռ±仯ն
ͩûκηӭȥûж㣬ֻͩ侲ӭŰӢǿһͬһ̳
䣬һнͩʾУܣȥӰӢǿһ
ɫţνлɫذΪˮɫ˳ƶΪࣻɫľУϢΪ̨ɫУâ¶Ϊ̣ɫУܲϨΪ

Ľ֮һģǰʽһнǲ㽣ĽУһȴȻûһ⣬ޱȵǣһȻԳɽ⣬һ˿⣬ͩǽԳɣΪһѾˡķ룬Խľ硣
нܹ֮ͩ͸һ˿⣬ɾȻΪзں֮н֮裡
һûзâǴɲһ
ӢαɫƬһ䳡滰û£ȥ
ͩȡ˳յһʤͬʱҲջһսͩսʣվԭأ˺һŻζ˹̾ԭˣĽںϣˣȫںϡϧҵĵл̫ǳֻܸһһ˿Ƥëѡ
Ӣһˣһθ֮Ҳͬԭأͣһ죬Ÿ̾һýԭǿֵġͩһҰˣǲģһεͻƣһһս
ӢûȥѰͩΪ֪һΣԼǲͩȻܡʡʱȥ˱Ƚʤ˻û֡ӢֲɵӣʱȻõҪˡ
Ӣһֱȴؾףͩĺɫ㾹Ȼʧˣô£
ֱܾȻشжԹʧǴԷѾѷˣΪ˹ƽȥֹ㡣

ˣ޺¾ۺһҲͬʧһɫ㣬ֱϵҲͬشġ
˶һۣͬ˵ͩ
ӢҲУôܣ̾һӢؿյ彣޵аһ
޺ҲǱȽ˽ӢʵһһֱӣΪԼӵоԵʵǿһ֮ԶԿˡ
ͩǵʱ򣬻ûоȫɣ޺̫磬ͩı֡
˵ʵȷʵ൱ǿ󣬿ݣԳ֮ڿ⣬еڶܹˣǻǾףС졢¥ϣȻɱ˰ɣ˶ֻͩҪǻֳ˾ˡʱϢͩԾ˼ȱ֤˵
ףС͹¥ͬҲ֪ϢͬΪ𶯣Ȼ𾪣ǲûзԲŸտʼѡ
ͩһطЩļޱȵսʹͩǰҪõĶöࡣ
һǲ֪ʱȥˣͩ붨֮ʱȴǷԼһïܵĴ֮С
ףôˣ붨˶೤ʱ䣿ָͩһ㣬ԭѾһ¡
ͩһϽ鿴С
һľף֣21֣Σ
ڶƽ֣18֣Σ
֣ͩ18֣㣻
Ӣ֣18֣ĴΣ
ҦƼ֣9֣ĴΣ
֣6֣Σ

ͩˣԼһûɱˣȻڵͩһֻҪܹǰ֮УҲ㲻ˡ


197  Ѷ
ͩҪˣźֻͩ˰ʱ䣬ͻȻһ䣬˱ŲƵһ̨ϣ̨վˡ
۽̹ٵӰڸ̨ϣежӣ
ʮ˸ϽѵʱĶУųһš
һµıԣͬĳΡǷֱǶľסƽͩӢҦƼ˽Ա̭Ҳķڷ˰ɣվٸÿһսĻᡣ۽̹ٴ
֮У޺ޡףС졢¥ˣķڷǺжֶսˣǶΧ£ҲһɶûʲôñԹˡ
Ӷϵߣֻƽһ˱̭þЩԩˣͬûа㷭ĻᡣΪλǱӢȡģǰӢĶ֣Ȼ޷ԼʵҪҪǿȫĻᰡΧÿһθҵΪ˵ˢֹߣر̭ˡ
ǹˣƽջǱ̭˵ףʵѷɫһЩҦƼʵֻһ㡣
û˲ʹһ̭Խҿ˳磬ٳϡ۽̹˵һ˳硣
˷׷״֮г֮Ĳٳϡ
ˣʤ̭Ȼģ̭ĸλҲҪģҲûãǿ뿪֮ǰѡһطڣ̭˿ԵʹܷĽӼѡط۽̹ٿ˵
ƽֻһ뿪ˡ
Ӣټˣ´μ棬һٸˡƽǷŵÿ֮ǰ԰Ӣ˵
ʱ̣ӢҲ֣ͬڻش

Ҫϲǣͨ˵һءǵģҪ˵̫磬ֻǵһضѡ۽̹ӭͷһˮЩʤǡ
Ϊˣǣأ˽置ʮǧٿ½ǲȡ÷½̭ѣҪĴУǻҪ½ĸ֡۽̹˵
ˣ⻰֮е˷̱֮ˣҪ½ʮŵľǺεȼҵ᣿
죬ˣǶԼΪŵͩҲ˵Լһܹʮ½֮ӱ
ԭΪһ̭ʤܹǿ󴫳Уڿ̫һЩ
ûϵǻʱ䣬̭ʮ֮Դ½СԴ½ϹŵĴ½ԴĴ½Ԫ֮ǰһֱ½ϣֱһԪܹ棬һ۽̹ٿ˵ǻ£ʱǽۣǰԴ½ӷ½Դ½ߣԷŵٶȣĺҲҪʱʮꡣ
ͩ˲ȵʵô𣿡
ֻڴ֮ڣҲ˵ֻͬ½֮䡣ڿ½淨ġ۽̹ٻش
ΪʲôӴ½֮⴫ͽأֵͩʵ
տռ䷨ֽЩġܲ˰ɣ۽̹ĵػش
ԭˡͩȻ򣬿½ĳЩһ

㣬ǻʮʱɳţȡͻƵʥ򼶱ʥ򼶵ķǵʤ㽫һУҪѡǧţҪ߰£ռϵʿԽᣬΪߣȻԽлᡣ۲ûн̫࣬Ҳڹ֮⣬͸¶һЩĻȻǧҪԼͻƣܽĵر
ͩ˽ʴϻ۵ţе˼
ȣҪᣬг徢иǱͬΪ֮£ԽȻԽơ
ΣΪҪߣһѡβû޶һվżȻ߰µʿܹﵽվżѾˣҪͻƵʥ򣬿ɾͼΪˡ
ΪռͻƵʥ򼶣ǼΪؼһ֪жվżʿһǧĿҲûܹʥɣԲٿԪԪƾÿɴϣ
Ҫ֮߰ǰʥ򼶣ǲܵġּҲһšҪſĵرӲȥǿĵرӲȥʥǾͲţֱڶɱԼǱ
ͻʥ򼶵ʱ򣬿ʹػ꾧ڵĸĵرνĿĵرͻʥɱǱָ쳣Եĵر˵ʥʥֹʵһž˴Ӵؼʥ򼶡
̬ɣǴ˹£ʥˣǱȫɱҲһʥˡഫ˵ʥʲôã

ռͻƵռҪʱĻۣռͻƵʥ򼶣͸Ҫۣ󲿷վżʿΪ۲޷̤ʥ
ûнݾģֻʱ䡢ҪأԽǸҪ۵ʱȻԽ١书ǧеĹսеĹڷеĹᴿеĹͻƾ磬еĹͲڻۡ
ͩ޵ĹķƽͣУȴûκεĲأֹԭʼĹҲֲֻȴайܵĹֱָ¡
ͩ޵ġ޼ȴǲڻۺͻƵ񹦡
Ȼֻʮʱ䣬ͩûϣʥ򼶣
ˣɢɣɵģѡڵ۶Ҳѡش½˽¡۽̹ȻԼ뿪ˡ
ߣȥһôľͻȻ
ˣҪȥϢҦƼֱ˵ˣĸ˺ȾƣһŮ˿÷㣬ʱ䣬ȥ
Ҫȥ򽣣ǸӢؾܾҲˡ
Ŷأľ׷һʵ
ҪкþƲСƽӿڵ
һҲҪáͩش
ɡľˬʵЦ
ʵÿһ˶ܵһɾ޴ѹҪʮƵǧ֮һѹǺ޲ðʱȫϡ
ľȥȾƣҲδûͷѹĴ㡣ֻһ˺Ⱦƣʵ̫ˡƽͩﶼףղˡ


198  Ӥ
ķż٣ͦģʵû뿪ҶץʱԼʵ⶷䳡ÿ춼˴档طǲ£˭ûзɡ
ͩûˣֻȴһȥװƷʮ㱦ͩˡ
ͩŶľסƽ˺ƣɢϯ֮ͽ뱦֮ˡ
Ȼռ䣬̶Ժ͵۶⣬Ͻɢ֮УвֱϽγɾǴ½֮½ѭں϶ɡ
ͩеϣȻռ֮У˾ʮϽӦ֮⣬ӦԶǧ֮
ʵڸҩڿռ佻ƽ̨ϵıֺһ㣬ҶڰҩƳɳƷҩ֮ٷռ佻ƽ̨֮Уļֵ
ͩȻԼĿռֵ֮ҩ
۶֮رѵ꣬ͩٽ
үˡΪͣվżڻ״̬Ӯ𣿡
Ȼһǰ֮ҪԴ½μӸӼҵžսʱҪԵľʮǧ½ѡʮǧšͩ˵֮ԼҲܵһɲСѹ
үôҲܹͬѹж
һǼо֮ںϣµںĪܣܹɹұȻܹߣչȻ쵽ȥʱ䲻ûаһܳɹڶҵΪվżΪܽʥ򼶣ټʥ򼶵ķٶԼǿķͬҲܳߡͩѾˣֻ·ˡΪʱԭֻѡһ·ߣ

үδģʵ
ţûãʱ䣬ڲż֮ͻռ˵ͩҲˣѾͻƵıԵʱͻƣнӤվټЭͻƲ⡣
үûйϵģһᣬԪ㣬ܹȵ˵ġһжͩؼʱһԼͻƣɲΪ˵ͩʱ䡣
û£ˣǡ޼ͻˣҲͬ档ͩһڻУ٬˵
ߣүʹˡ˵嶯ȴǳ

ʱ򣬡ã㻹ȼ˸ңǱʵڲ˽Ƽȵļҳ档
ʱȻͩϣ˾ϣӹĽǶȿȥÿԿĲλһƻŮܴ
ֽһת¥
ڻֵĶҲͬһĻˣͩޱȵΣһ֮һתЦ
㻹Ц
үһֳɵĿ꣬ؽѾ޼ʮˣŹؽԪһܹͻƹؿһСȵضһ˵
Ŷ㾹Ȼ޼ˣͩʮ궼˹Ĵڡ
ҿûǿȹؽóؽү˼ֻǺ߲ұˡͷӦ
šͩҲ˼⣬ͩԼĳɹһŮ˵ʹϣͩˡ

ڶһ磬ͩһ뿪˵۶½ȻͩϤںΪһĵͻƣǰȫ
ͩһԲʮڶûһ˿̵ĻĵһЩ½ޣȼߣмܵƽռǧԲ
ͩڵϿһ׵Ķ
ˣˣ׼£һ˫طƶͻơͩ˳ҿһϽ
֮ͩԱչ׼ͩǳô˻ᣬϵϰԼڵܱ߲±ȻʼΧŶ¾󷨣ȴء
£̤˶ţ˳ֳһɳȻ㶼׼ȫ׼ʱͻơ
ͩ˵ͷ߰ɣһȥסһͻ֮ʱµľԪӤħ٣˽˶죬еܹɶɹе˾ͻᱻħɣΪϣһٱҪء
Ҳмֽš
Ϊ׼һᵤ˵Ϲ񵤣࣬д˵ԪӤħӦûһЩɽٴ£ҪԼ˰ﲻ١ͩ˵
лүޱȵظжϹǺεѵãүȻãҵѡ

ƽĻĵھ֮ͩ󣬾͸ӵļž
ʱһζͻȻ䣬ƽĵϿգӿԲ֮ڵʼۣڴͬʱϲõľҲӴ֮󣬿ʼĵһ׶ӿȥ
ͩˣ˳˶
ͻƿʼˡ
ͩҵĵطǳ֮ãû˴ţƧ󣬻޷֮󣬿֮ȴڴڷΧڡ
ͩһ£ѹ˳
ڴ֮еĸҩȻ䱻ͩ˳ʵӣ£
ףͻƾ磿ע⵽Χ֮󣬲ɵôһ
ͻռгҲĦ˼ͩڻش
лӡлŲԶᣬζӳ£ռһ׷벻˽ؿš
޼Ӧ֪˴˹Ĳ֮ͬƺֱͩʵ
мֹװͿ˼ͬʱҲΪһõıʵ̫ݳˣЩһ񶼼Ϊͷ۵ġ
Ҳգĳ˵˰ɣعҪչعΪĳ֮˫޵£֪عΣͩҧҧ˵˳
ıͱȽϷḻˣһһ䣬˵ʲôζӣڿˡ
عѴͩȻԼ˵ˣԼĲ̫Ůˡ
ӣΪأ˼ҪǶû˼Ļʮꣿ絹ǱͩӴ󷽡


199  ˮ޽
һúչġͩ󵨵ץס˹С֣˵
㲻ңҲ㡣ڷһ˵ҲһҰҺ޵ŮӣȻѡˣͲڡ
ʵΪƱĲϣѾˣ͸㡣ͩͰƺˮ޽ϴӿռƽ̨֮г˳һѾƺһߣȻƵطڼռָ֮УȻһӡװš
ҶʿǶŮ鳤ҲЩָ֮һҲһ
Ⱳӵһնжӵͩͣһ˹أΪ䱦ϲѡ
ɹͻ֮ҾΪ㲼ΪƱͩ˵
ţõġӦ
ͻռҪʱ䣬ʱ֮ͩͨͨͽ˵ĸѸ£ٶ֮죬ֱûѧӦݡ
Ǵһ˼ɵñгͷԣȫͳУ㲻ʱš
ͻ൱˳ĻۣڽӤվİ£ͻƲѡֻԪӤħٵʱ˲С鷳ᵤİҲһЩʱ䡣
ܵ˵ǳɹضɹԪӤħ٣ԪӤռڷΪ

һ¹ȥˣΪ˷ޱȵشӶ֮г˳
үҳɹˣҳɹˣռռ֮ͩ۽ǣԼɹռȻ޷侲˷ܵرסֽͩġ
ͩḧĺ󱳣˵ˣռϻʥͰأ֮ϻأɾʲô
ƽм˷֮󣬶µصͷӦү˵öԣ̫ˡ
ˣЩӣԷ¾֥Ϊվżͩ˵
ǣүĵӦҲһ޴Ĺ磬ῴеı仯
ү͹ؽ㡭ͩ
ţԺҲҵŮˡͩػش
̫ˣͩİ⣬ѾȫǹĴ⡣
⻰֮󣬲ɵøˡ
߹ȥ˵ؽ㣬ԺһˣߣǵǱȥ
ͩ˼ʼóʯͲϣ÷
죬ͩ󷨡
ͩ죬ѾŹ磬Ѹ˵Ķ˵˳˵ͩĿζϲáŮӦѧģ̺̺Լ˰ͩϲʲôλ
˵ù޲ҿʯͷȥ

ˣѾˣ׼һ£Կʼƺˮ޽ˡͩԹ˵
жţЩ꣬ҲڽһЩ֮ĿľΪԼı
Ҳ֪һϣбֿԳɳ챦һ˵ʱҲΪȣʶǰ֮Ҳʼܺˡ
һҪֵԼԼıˣˮ޽֪һ൱ıɽʱҪĲϸ͸ӣͨİҲһܹ롣Ѷȱе𽣻ҪϲֹһȻҲǿһЩ
ѹеʼרԼıٿʼ£ƿʼˡ
ͷͩԶƺˮ޽
ĲԴףͩʵ
ȻˣҪȻҲ¹ؽˡүǺεӢ۸պȻ£һֻ֮һ̺үΪ絲꣬صȻҪܵƼ˵ķֻ̡Զүߣ檡˵
ģһԶߵģڣǲֿߵռǵļҡͩ˵
ؽͬ˫ް˶֮үͻʥȻа˵

һȥˣƹѾӽβˣһǱɫֱ֮ʣɢϵĽƣˮ޽ų֮˾涾һȻ壬
Ȼ˺ˮ޽ҲҪһʱ
ۣôĶǻĵʮƫƧҲǻһЩעġ
˿̵˲ʿѰԴ
ͩûڴ˾ʰһо֮óһֱֻһˣ˱֮С
뱦֮󣬲ңջʮ˱ᦣű㼤˱ġݡ֮ͨʧˡ
ԶڰԶһ֮˳֪
үʵ̫ˡ̾Ȼ֪˴棬ÿһʹʱ򣬻̲סҪ̾
͸ˣգͨ񶼺õǿͩվżѾˡԼĹޣԼķ
ˣǵʱ䲻ˣ׼ص۶ţĿѾﵽˣһҪһҪչ֥Ͻչȥָͩһ㣬һҵʱҪˣΪԷһͩǴ㾡ȥһꡣ
ǣүŮʮֶ£Ͻæȥˡ
ͩӱ֮гˣ˱֮󣬷ĳиȥ
ºͩӰ쳯ĵ۶ϣ۶ϹȻȴ½Ҫߵöࡣ
鷳Ļڵ۶ͻռʺϵĵطϧǵ۶ͩɲҷ˽ԴѾǷˣҪͻƣǾڴ˼ҷˡ
صᣬĶľףӣȵû١
٣ľףȥȾˣͩкλ֣ǿ޾Ʋ֮Ļ˵˴ܾǺȾƣҲȤˡ
ףͩˣһ꣬㶼ȥˣľ׿˹ȥһִֻͩļûаӡ
һЩ˽£ⲻˣҲͻˡƺܲ˳ͩע⵽ľƺΪ˲Żȵ̬¶


200  
ӢǱ̬СӸˣе㷳͸ɴȥһľ׵û̹Ȼ˵
ôˣͩʵ
ұԣұˣһֱˣһ겻ֽһءľ׵еܴûлָ
ҲˣӢĽٶȷʵЩ˰ͩҲܵѹˣϸ룬ַǳΪӢҰ·ӳߵһƾžˣ˴۽̹ͳĽ̵֮ǰĻ۱Ȼһٵıڣǰ껹ֵòôͻļʮʵǿġ
Ҳԣˡľײ벻һҹ֮̾ͻᾫٱ
ͩҲͬмȲˣΪӢһĽٶʵ̫ˣµٶȿȥ죬Ϊռ䷨Ѷȱͺܴ̬ľĽ츳ܹܿ콫򵽵ĶΪʵ
һ㣬ľ׺ͩѷɫһͩڲߵԴط·ӣͩٶʵˡֻҪںϣʵ̫ѡ
Ҫʵһ㣬ͩҪѸʱŬϡ
ͩصԼᣬ֮У˫޵һ֥߰һ߼ӺԼĻۡ
ͬʱĹʽ͵ʽĽ⡣

һۣһȥˣͩһֱûд򿪹
Ȼռĺ¥붨֮ĵתһȦʱʮ£˾ö֥վż
̫ˣүҴﵽվżˡǳģôͳΪվżʿ겻겻ǧԪʥԲǿɼˡ
ܺãһʱʹУӺԼһ·¡ʱټ⼸ǲصģ㲻ҪȥˣҪúõؽ̵һĵ̡Ĺ׼ʮţطáͩԸ
ǣүڻشףүҪĻ
̺֮ͩ£һµ·ˬʵس
ûжã㲥֪ͨλѧԱעˣһº󣬾ʽǴӣǧҪˡظһ飬һº󣬾ʽ̳ӣҪ˵Ǵʱ䡣
ͩˣмڴһȥԴ½ǿҪյģɴռ֮кУǿǴϻΣͷһذ
ǰǽͩޱ
ͩϾ֮ˣҪȵö࣬ܿͿס飬ָ˳ֻ̬һ¶ѣһ붨͹ȥˡ
ͩĴϣ붨Ŀ
һֱ㲥֪ͨ𣺡ʱϢϽϣ
ͩѸٵش붨֮˹ţһ˲ٳܿվ˶С
Ϣʱ䲻һҪһҲվ˶С
ܺãǶ׼𣿡۽̹ٵκȻǰʵ
׼ˣӦ

۽̹ٷһֵɡ˵ֱϿա
ͩûκγɣ׷ȥ
߶ڲشӸ߿ܹ۶Ĳ֣˵ĸоǴ硣
ͩ˵Ĳգյɫڱ仯Ʋ֮ڽµƲѾסԼҰΧĿڲϵʧڲ½
ֱȫûпûΪֹ˿˶֮Уûпûǹ㣬ȥ൱ġ
۽̹ǰţٶȲ졣ҲŵͬʱԼͬضš
֮УΪߣͨܲˣֻռʿܹܣȻҲ֧һԼƬޱ޼ʣ½½½ǳǳǳ֮ľ룬ùݡѧλö˵˰ɣ۽̹ٿ˵
ûѧҲܹѯԹٶȷһ֮꣬ңԶš
ǿ֪½ĴӶֱ𣿡۽̹ٿʵ
֪˻ش֮ûȥ⡣
ǣ꣡۽̹˵
˲һ£֪½ܴȴҲ벻Ȼ˳̶ȡ
ڵķ½ڿ׶Σط֮ء۽̹˵
ͩýζ˰ʱԶһڵڲϵطŴע⵽ڵ㣬Ϊڲϳ߽ӽ

ûãһҳҵ״ͩеɴ̫ķڳͩһ˽ӽ
Ƿţ˻ǵһοٶ׳ķرȡ
ⲻǷţֻǵȥСͷɴΪŵͣص̫ԶˣǵٶȣҲˡ۽̹ٻش
⣬⻹Сͷɴһ˴һϾǶǴӵײҪ˵ʶߵȥٶ׳ʮ׸ߵķ˵Ѿ൱Ӵˡ
ǿ֮󣬲ʲôдɴ۽̹ٵͷӦ
һʱ䲻ҷ۱ѾǽǰԶĵطͣ
һֵӿٶȡ
һܹͩɴĴˡ
ͩһ£ȶһ£˵ӲϷӦһƷ߷ɴ
ףСӣȻֻһ£ܹȷĲʼ𣿡۽̹ٷǳس޵Ӳ֣ľƷߡȻߵ෢չڣʵ̫ˣҲòȥִּ̫ɴսǿеƷǲȵģۼٶȺͺ;еʶϣ൱Ƶġˣɡ
˿̣ɴһ࿪һͬբţһʿվűߵȴš
һ˿բţʿբţк۴ˣλɣžһ֮һոۿڣڵȴϵһЩˡ
⸽½𣿡ľ׺ʵ
û½ȴЩסڸһЩס˵֮ڡʮķΧ֮ڣʮſס˵򡣡۽̹ٽ˵ЩǳǣΧźתľǡļźΧŷ½תҪϡܶ࣬ͨ˿Ծסú˵ǱȲϴ½ģϾסȴռϵʿһС

۽̹һʿ£һȵ˷ɴĲtңһ߸λѧռЩ֪ѵ
ǵĴҪȴ½Ĵ㱡ö࣬״㣬ӽ½ر棬ռʿ˵գӳ嵭ԭϡٵʹϾסܹͻռܹͻռĻÿһ˶ǶšһҪԵĸ֣Ǹ½ĸ֣Щ߳šǱ˿ǣп֮ϡ۽̹ٿ˵
ͩˣԾ棬ԭҲǣֻתһƫ
Χƺתûб䡣ԭתĺǾȻŴ½תһתǼǣʹŷ½ΧмϵΧת
ϡԽŨǻ£ҲǺ¡ڷ½ϣֻе۶ڷ½֮ĸԽŨ
̸˭ã˭á
½ԴԴϵصеͽʿϣȴʺռϵʿ
t֮ٶһӾͱסˣǱǿյľɫǱɴٶٶȼֱ쵽ûˡ
λǰڷɴٶǶ٣ľ׹λʿʵλʿȥôۣʵһλʿ
Ѿٵ˰٣ڼ֮Уȴﵽ֮󣬷ɴͻ볬ռУ뵽ţаʱʿش
ʱһƷߣͩ̾½ֱҲ꣬ɴʱپʹﵽһ꣬Ҳ˵ֻҪСʱܹӴ½½

ԣףòʺּһЩߣ˵ǽµɴĲƷߣʵϣƷǴﲻٶȵġʿ͵
ʵ߿ƼչͳƷֵľˣеɴֻƷĲʣ溽֮еñһƷҪǿһɴڲָϵͳһֿƼĴ󼯺ϣƷƬؿ۽̹ʱӿڵ
׵ص˵ͷȻǶ鲻飬ѧУ̵Щ֪ʶͲȫ
ͩиܵģԺˮƽ֮һƷߣҪһ֮һɴǲܵ顣ĿƼˮƽѾ鱾ϵ֪ʶˡ
ҲпͩڻʼҸߵѧԺѧĶܴһʼѧ͹ʱˡȻЩϵ֪ʶǲʱģʱĿǶԵǰ߿Ƽˮƽĸؼء
ɴٶȼӵ˹٣ҳ֮ɴȻһ£ܵĳɫơ
Ǿڳռ𣿡ҦƼʵʲôǳռ䣿
˵ռһռĻռʹռռļв֮Сⳬռ䣬ֻҪٶȳٵ嶼ܹɽ룬ڽ볬ռ֮ٶȾûйٵƣ˵ڳռ֮Уռǿѹġռ䣬һľ룬ҪԼ޹ٷһ꣬ڳռ֮УֻҪʱˡʿش
֪ռ涴𣿡۽̹ʵ
֪һ㣬ƺһֿռ۵֮ռڵ֮ͨͩԼʶ͵
ݵû൱У涴һֳռͨϵϵ֮䣬֮ȡֻ涴ĳռٶǹ̶ģڵĳռ䣬ǹ̶ġ۽̹ٽ˵ˣռûʲôÿˣǺܿͻţʼʮĺУҪúù滮һ£ؼĶʮʱȥܵԼΪʵ
̹٣֪Ϊʲô缼ᵽ½֪½ƵͨѶܹɣἼӦͱ˰ɣͩʵͩ⶷䳡ļ¶ǺεǿļֻּҪһ¿½ܹͨ粢
ʵúãܼ򵥣ϲʶ磬ļ˲ڷ磬Ĳչвٱ׶ˣϲ۽̹ûػش
ͩ˼Ȼ½ϵĿƼڲͣطչǴ½ӵĲǿƼˮƽķչʿΪǿΪ𡣵ͬʱַǳʦ


201  ϵ
Сɴɳռʱ򣬾ͿһҾ޴ķɴͣһ޴ոۿڴ
׳ǧ׿ǧ׸ߣһ˸е𾪵Ȼ
һλһνӴյǣһĻ֮󣬶Լͬؾˡ
⣬⣬Ҳ̫׳˰ɣľ׷Ӧ̾ĴִʹΪڳһӦˡ
ֹ׳۰ֱҦƼ͵
ͩ˵ͷʾͬ⣬Ӿϵĸдͩ
ҷţܹͨΧǿ֣ӵаٱٵĳռѲٶȣһιɳӴ½ţҲΪǵİȫǡȻ཮򣬵֮УΪƻ֮⣬籩ռ𵴵ȴ֣òҷϣһλʮλλͨȫõİȫϵ۽̹ٿ˵
ͩȫˣװǷ½ȫҲȲϷš
ϲĴֱʣȷʵͩ˸ܵİʹͬʱҲܵһůͺҳڱԼδĺһϸܣϧۡ
ǿȷʵö˵ɳ񣬻֪ж٣Ҫɣ
ϾԪ޾ۣһһһصµʵʱŶǿ
ѾǿȻʮŵһžɸѡֻ֮ӿֳһõܹһλʣ

ĿģȻһλϵ֧ǿߣųһʣҲ˺ʵһԾ
Сͷɴֱӷɽ˷ŵһ
߰ɡڴ۽̹ٵĴ£˴СͷɴΧвͺŵķɴ
ͩڴһһĿƻøʮߵͳȣһɴ۽̹ȥǼǺȡס޺롣
ͩͶľ׾һԿűʾչʾķɴڲṹͼɴסֳABCDĸ򣬳˶ҡҡԼ׼˵̤֮⣬ɴڲҡҩҡطҡtҡרŵ̵̨ȸֹȫңÿһ֮лܹ磬Խ⶷䡣ֹܶ൱Ƚ
۽̹ٵĵǼ൱˳һ˾쵽˸Եķ俪ſƬÿһţŪֻ˯tˡ
ͩ˷ֵB501505ŷ䣬ֵͩ503ŷǼǳ֣ԸŶڴ˻ۡ
עĿȻҪͩˣΪֻ˲Ƿ½Ĵ˶Է½ΪĵΧǧƵ߳ţǵĻҪȴ½һЩ
쵽ƣҪȥԼʱĸסͩ˵ȥ·
պһӽ
ΧˣȻΪҶںѡŵʱ򣬻϶һϳһѡʮλţԸ͸֮ŶǱȽϤġֻд½Դ½ѡ

γӪһࡢһǴ½ࡣͨ˵ӪÿһŴս֮УײͺһΡ
ĴҪս½šһ˽˵Ļ
ֿԿˡһΪŲҵ˵ġ
½ģǾ䲻ǵݣ½ģЩš½ؾô㣬ȵϴ½Դټϸأ½Զţ͵ǺҰӣڴ½Ĺǲ
νĴķѡ֮󣬸һţǱų֮ΪĴ
ĦϷϹ޷ǡ
ĸˣÿһȲһǿҵͰ
Ǵ½ҸоҲôǷķһĲѡߣҪսһţĦս
ͩˣʵ½Ӫ֮ײ̫˽⣬ȴͬŵս
˽⵽½֮Ĳ֮Ҳһֳ߹øУ˶һۣͬʱͩ
Ȼ֮Уûзֳ£նսɼͩȻλеһҲûУʵ֮ǿȻ֮Ϊ֮ףȻⲢʾ˸Ը׳Ƴһ¶ʱ򣬿Ϊ˵ķˡ
ͩɵӣһӾͿ˰˵ĻƸԼľǴ񾭣˵壻ƽ̫᣻Ӣ̫Ƨóⷽ棬˵ܸͩܵķڷȻͩڵĴͷˣҦƼ֮еΨһŮԣĸҲ̫ûˣ˵ҦƼʵ֮ģҲûʸ졣

ҪսУû⣬ǽѶ룬Ȼصᣬ⶷䳡ǷһҲ޷ͩȻ᲻ͬ⣬Ҳ˫һĽŶš
ĦһԭΪҪŵһ²У벻ԷӦ˸ɴࡣ
ãѶɡĦͩ˻ཻѶ롣
߰ɣط׼һ°ɡͩӦ
۽̹ÿһ¼ʯ˵ڷϵĹأҪΥΥߵĳͷ൱صģþһֱԼķ䲻ҪʮʱʱˣŬɡ
ͩɨʯһʶĶһ߳Լķȥ
ɴṹͼ֮ǣ׵ؾҵԼķ䣬ͩͬǴһкԼķ䣬˽ȥ
䲢󣬰ҲͨעľǽǴǸ֣ҪԼþʯüƷʯΪԴһżƷʯʹʮҡ
⣬ֻһǽߵĴ󴲣ⴲ꺮Ƴɣʿкܴ洦رܹܺ߻ħķաȻΪ˴ϵڶƵģ̫ʵ߻ħĿº
ǰûм¼һ¹֮󣬽ŵɴ϶ơ
꺮񣬼ֵǣϣķǧܹ֮࣬Ǵֱ֮һˡ
ͩ˳ΪԼ䣬ͬʱҲ֮׼ʢʳĸԼãͩϵ֮󣬽һ˸˶˴
֮Удһռش﷽Բǧ׵ľ޴ƽ̨

ͩˣһ˲䶼ˣӢȺļһҲˡԷҲͬһ˲䡣
ôԣȺĻˣˣˣӮˣҲû档ֱͩ˵˵
Ǿ͵ˣһ飬һ飬ÿɳһˣ£ʤĦҲûκγɵ˵ȺĻǽϣ֮ĹϵҲǶֵĹϵûκϿԣҶԷҲȷʵһˡ
ҲãˡͩͷһۣǶԣʱͷͬ
˸Էֿվƽ̨ߡ
ŸλԶƽ̨ߣֱӦŸʹߡͬʱָסԱǰȫһܴ򶷲һָǵģԴȴ޷ȥȻָǿȡġ
˭ϣͩʵ
һս䣬ɡľ״е
ûƽӦ
ҲûҦƼ֪ԼʵȥһˣǶĿɾԼˡ
УҵһϡӢ˵
һһȫˣҲûôˣľ׷ԵӢʵ֮Ѿǰеˡ
ǣ˾Ϳʼ
ֱԷһľȻĦ
ô𣿵˭һһ٣ĦƵ

ڣͩͨǩ˸Ե˳򣬵һеľǰӢ
Ӣüëһƶľһۣһתƽ̨ϡ
ͩ㿴һˡľҧгݡ
֪ӢһܹҦƼתƻ
֪ԷܹĻ֮ӱȻʵȻȥʵʽҪ֪֮ǴǷ½ǲ䡣ƽĴֹ֮ǿģĻڳ˵Ķġ
ԼûϵԺӮǣҪˣǶĲֻԼ
˵ĿⶼתѾĶˡ
Ħõ˫ȭȭһЩ裬ͩȭ̫ĦʹóȴǻһͷͻԼһ㣬൱ǿơ
ӢӽֵţԷĹһһûһͣ٣ƺڽ·硣
µ˶ֻ֪ǸոտʼȵĶǼķ롣
Ե˫ڱƷͷƷ϶ûκƣȵȻ湦
湻ˣУǻȭĦһȭһͷͻӰȭͣͷһҡһţһǿĳźȭ⣬Ӣ
ӢҲϴ󣬱ϾͬʹľУӢһӳԲգ
ȭཻǿȭѹ֮²ǿұǿȭѹµļӳ֡԰ӢԲսȻûܹ˺ưӢԲսķ
ȭϧһ㡣Ӣ˵ֵˣһնգһռѷ˲ֱ֣˵˺Ħķ
Ħûмʶ˹Ľ˲䱻ˣҪÿ죬һͱˡ
̨ͩ¿÷ǳвЩ𺳣Ӣıǿ࣬ǰĽΪǰʽ޷ӳֿռµģİӢȴֽһ˽׽ѾǾͨĽˣ⼸൱Դһͨˡ
µĽ츳ͩҲò̾ľ
ܰӢǵˣȴǶ֣ԼĶ֣°ܽٶ֮죬ͩԿͩĶ;ģһҪøǿԼһƣϵرǿ뱻ӢԽǾֻбøǿ
ӢնսǰԵĽĦһӲ¾Ͱˡ
ˣһλӢ⻰Ȼţǿıȴ֣ûаŵ˼ڳʵѡ
Ħ³˲ͻָˣֻɫȴû˿仯һͷŭ


202  ٽͻ
Ϲվ˳ƽ̨ѡһɰ˳ǹ
ʵǿɡϹгǹһͦһ̬ȴûչȻڵȴԷС
µĶľ׿һĻתͷЦеغͩ˵
СӾȻҪͰӢԹ־ľ˵
ȷʵѡǶԵģͰӢԹǷǷסġֵ۹൱ѡҲ൱ǡͩͷӦͩڰӢĹģԼٶס֪ˡ
ӢҲûзϻһϹ˹ȥ
Ϲͦǹһӹֱֱ̣ϮӢĿڶȥһ൱ѧˣӢǰǾԼǹײͣһǹı仯Ҳݴ͵һǹ
ϿգӢûκĶӿǰٶȣڴͬʱһѿռ䣬֪һӳ˷֮ǺεȵĻֺ롣
ϹԵһɫͻ䣬Ͻǹˣ˵һ㣬ͻᱻԷһܡ
սϹϴóԴġǹϹǹ仯࣬ս졣սϵĽһ㣬һ˶ǧҲɫһнһơ
ǹ⾳һǹ̺ǹ⣬ǽ֮֮е¡
νƷնС˵רƵзרնб

ǹϹ𱻰ӢԵһ˰ףǻ˺죬ȻһЩˡǰӢҲܣһƷĺýϳء
ҪʵУǷǳһ⶷䳡ˣһͷܳʵһЩ
ǹӢڲſڳ޶֡
ĽҲϹش
ٽһգӢ˵գһ׾룬ת۾͵һ̳һû仯Ǽ򵥵ƽ̡
ϹѳǹһתսһǹȸղһǹҪ䣬ΪһǹϹ𱧵Ǳ֮ʹģͬھһǹ
һǹƱȸղŸʢʮ࣡
ϹǹûзֻнԼҲ׶ֵʵ̫ǿһƽȴȫеı仯ǿ϶סģֻͬھˡ
䣬ûмֵ䣬ҲøͬṩܵĶֵķ;þöܵʲôġ
Ӣһ̳һʵڽûжٱ仯ǽڣȫںϣʹһס
ϹؿһʹһĶڳ¸˹ӢҲͬһЩƣؾͲ˽ˡ
ķĴͬһܶˣԷֻһЩˣȥƲأԿ

ˣվ˫һƽ̨
µĽΪĳĳСڽָ̨һ˵գӽ֮гʱһ嵽˽¡һƣ˵룡
Ҳý̫ˣ´ĽؿʽҪƷһ£УӢһ־ȻҲһýĸ֣ʱϲ
ˣĽǿڱϣһӳʮĽֽδš
̨ŵͩˣʱؽͷӶؽţֵʵҸоʹ׽֮κһ˶ûмʶġߴͽЧ治ǳ
ϧǵʵ̫ӢǩеһƫƫӢһ̬ļһ
ؿʽ͸գӢɽ緢ʽıʽǿƤӶûжһ£ὣһն
鷢ˡ
ͻȻؿһۣͷһƣȻһնһʵ̫ˣȻǴǰһУƫƫǿһ㡣ԼĹͷȫ𲻵ãֵĹȫ͸дڣֱϮı塣
ģͬʱҲԩһ
ľָ̨ϣеԣһҾϡͿذһ¡
Էһ˶ˣ̨¸һ̫ǿˡǶͨռ䷨Ϊռ䷨̫߶ˣѶ̫ͬʱĴ֮ںҪ࣬˵Ĵˣͬһ֮µľֱ仯֮䣬ҲǼںϵġһ㣬½׷Ҫ׵öࡣ

ô˵УֻͩԿռ䷨Щ裬ܹһӢһǽؿսĵʽ̿սʽսֽںϵһǵʽ͸ս
һռĳɳҲʹͩԿռ䷨һ裬һܹƿٿǿóġ
ֻͩһθ̾Ӣı̬츳ڽ̫ǿˡҺãӢڷµٶȲ̬ռ䷨ַ仯ֻ൱з¶ѡֻǰӢѾںְ壬൱ڽľ֮ļº;綾ںϵѶȡ
Ͽռ䷨ķʤѰص㣬ѹְӢʵȻᳬľס
ľ׵֮Ҳ裬ںϿʼоñȰӢһЩϧȴǰӢȳɹ
ͩķˮƽҲͺͶľײֻ࣬ͩΪںϼºͻֲ֮ͬ£ѶҪöֻܴ࣬ɳǿںϣ޷Բһȫա
ս֮󣬶˵ɫѾȫǵѾˣ²սԷֻһ˾ͱȫſˡ
һ޷վƽ̨ϣһʵһʶ㲻ҲƲˣʸ֮ͬڼ
֪Ҳǿģ֮Уܹɴǡ֮ǿģӢָͩ˵

˶֮ͩͬˣûжӦҦƼʱȲͩĬʵƽͶľ׶ˣһӵȻһˬʣûжʼͩǶͩ15֣ȴεļ¼£ҲĬʵ
ǶĦϹ޷ˣͩӡּ˼֣ܹõӢλĽʿ׿ڳϵˣȻ
޷ǿͩ˷ܵʵ޷ǣɷλָ̨һ
ս棬رǰӢһ֮󣬱ԵѾתֽдˡ
ͩ˰ӢΪĶֱ֣ͩӴӦɾǶ԰Ӣôˣͩô᷸Сʧ
Ӣ΢΢˵ͷ̨
ͩһ䣺Ľֽˡ
ӢͷӦ˵ߵλϢˡ
ͩתһݣ̨
ͩ޷ǵıˮꪣߴߣʵʦ
ָ̡޷ǿһ˹
ƶٶҪȽսö࣬׵ľ룬ֻһ¾͹ͩǰ
һƵͩ׵֡
޷֮䣬ʹ˾Уˮʴ̣
ʱвӿһɫףͷػʹڵ׳ӿĲ֮վŵ޷ǵˮꪡ

˼һСͩһͷһ⾳ΣʹŶֶ±仯ղֻǳô򵥣޷ǵʦͩǿʦ֡ͳʦõһвʹ⾳Σ޷Լ־Уһоɱ
ȻʦҾͲˡͩóԼ̨ǰѡԷɽߴޱȡ
ֹӰͩҲóԼľУӰֱϮ֣ӳֵǻ⾳ڴͬʱʮʵ֮УֳͩʵֱԷâʢһ̡ʣµߵʵӰ֮У޷û
޷벻־ȻҲʦ벻ǣԼľб˸סˡµǣһ־ֱʵ񼼡
Ӱĸ֮£ûа취ģֻӲԹİ취Ϊˮʴ̾ȻûܹƿֵĽĻ
Ӱ̺Ļ⣬ǵصƣֺû޷ǵ⾳Ρ
ֹӰӰһ⾳Σϰճ̶ȵĲֳͬĸ硣
ӰҲƿֵ⾳Ρ

ʦĿ֮ԼϵգǿԽԼ־뷨һʹóֿƲ˼ĻС
һ±仯ҪͨĳֱʽΣҪʹߵ־á
ʦʦܹ⾳ΣֻʦӻԾնѡ
еײս֮£潻棬Ȼǿ߻ʤ
޷Ƿһ£ܿ컹ǱӰû߽
ʦʦ֮ײǻģͬҲյģΪձ鹥ǿ֮£ҽ÷ǳ֮Ѹ١
ķڷǻŬһϣһӮĦһδʤ൱ףȫûƢ˵κεԹԣΪǱشܣݲýƱ磬ͬʱǵĽҲݲõ䣬£µ˶־ȻˣǵĶ־Ȼʢ
Ħ˳硣
ˣҪչˣһαСջ񡣡ӢһҲˡ
ţҲΪջ񣬻ǵõһЩУûзϻȥֱ˵߱չˡ
ͩԼҲ⣬֮󣬴֮г˺ϣϸ˼ⳡԵš
ͩһ㣬Ǿ֮ͬУڸ־ϵҪȴ½ǿһ

־ֶǳҪͬʱʿ׶ֲôҪ
ͩԼ־ͺǿ־ȴȲ޷ǵˣͬʱ԰仯ҲûйھרСһ׾ƣֲͩⷽĶ̰塣
ʥ򣬾ɵ֮еĻڣһҪԪӤ񣬻񣬿Χĵʹʿһһ֮䶼ĪܡԪӤ֮УȴǽȫͣΪ귨ࡣ
һɣʿͨ귨ҲܵΧͷ·γһһ㡣
ʥжǿأͨʥ򣬻ṳ̂뷨֮ŵʥʿֻƾ֮Լʥ򼶱ǻķܹĦϹЩȫһµռŸеһƴѹơ
̤ͬ˷֮ţһַµʥǿߣʵȻͱռʿҪǿʮϣ
ԽսǲܣͩռӢǿߣʵԽսͨʥǿߣҪͬµʥǿߣȫǶˡ
ͩ¡


203  ֮ϲ
ԣ£ֻͩҪܹͻ󾳽磬ζţһս֮ӱΪʷϣ겻ʥʿԲᳬʮˣǶʷû֮ˣϵĳɾ͡
ڳŵķ룬ѡ֮пɲĴڡ
ඥǿ֮Уֳռɡһ򲻶࣬ɳɲűȴ൱֮ߡ
ͣһ²ͼ̣½
ڳռ֮кٱ֮ǰͩ˵СͷɴҪö࣬ٱٵѲٶȣֱ˳Ծ
ڳռ亽֮ʱⶼľɫڴ涴ʱ򣬸һƬ谵ͩʵûȤ۾
֪䣬ʱһζͩһֱ붨˲ٿռ佻ƽ̨ϵıǿԼĻۡرǶͶ־ĥǰõػ꾧ศİ£൱ѸٵġǶںߵĥûа취ֻнšԪʼ̵ĥԼĵġȹ̣־Ȼʯɺ
ศ֮УԶ֮һ̫ϸӦƪԪʼ̵ͬǰ֮Уǿľʣʵľϲŭ塢飬ͨƿ飬ϲԼǴʿƣħڲκѹضܹԵ侲Ƴֱָġһ൱ѵľҲ׷ľ

ͩﵽվż۷壬Ԫȡȡǿȡ֮ȵȷ棬൱ƽͨʱվżʿгʱĻۣݹĲͬʱгж̡
۵Ŀģȷʵܼ򵥣ϣĳһָﵽͻһ㡣ͺʵޱȵķ߱һȱڣһȱھǹؼԵͻץסᣬܹ񽭺Ӿһ㣬һͻƾ硣
ͩʱ䣬ʹԼȫվż۷壬ûκεĶ̰壬ʱͩѡʣﵽʱɻ۲ȡͻơ
ʣһϲ
ϲ֮飬˵ʧȥ侲ʧȥжϣͬʱַǳ˳ˮƽӡ
ͩ˿̽Ľ׶Σȫʧȥ˶ĸ֪ħþνģԼħһ׶εάʱ䲻죬ǧ궼пܡΪʲôԶŵ˳ڶ֮һǧ겻ΪںԼѾȫͲұŴħʤˣԸһˣħǿرԼħ򵹡
֮·ʵˣ

ɵʻԴ½;У׶Σûͩͩںϣ붨ϵıȴǱ仯ˣ΢ЦЦϲϲȵȸӶ
ͩȴԼı仯ȫ֪ΪѾԼһУֻ֮УѾֻһһÿһһһͬǾÿһֻǰϲ֮顣
֮ϲ֮ϲҵг֮ϲ֮ϲս޲ʤ֮ϲλ˳֮ϲǬٶ֮ϲ檳Ⱥ֮ϲ֮ϲ֮ͬϲһͳ֮ϲ֮ϲµһ֮ϲõ֮ϲֻ֮ϲȵȡ
֮ͩеϲãп֡ȻûѹϲóͷԣѾ˳ԣԼıģرħɱΡ
ʱһһ֮С
һͩתŵڵĲӣȻȻΪһ¥Ůӣϧ˾ѣŮ˽ˡ
ԭվ鷢չӦһȽϱɿĽ֡
ԭ¥ŮӣͬǳףͩϡͿؾһεϲԵྡճɾϲ֮ʱ
Ȼ֮䣬ֻ֮ͩеִ䣬ӿͷ
ֻأͩеϲãȻ֮䣬һֳŵϦӵϲ֮Сһεϲ֮ȴûͩһֻأʹͩõ

ʣֻأԪʼ̵ΪθҺųơ̵ΪۺˣֻҪܹʣֻ֮󣬾츳ʿܹ𣬶ܹɵ
ǣȴκ˶ܹʸŹΪŹҪ̫ˡԪʼʥһµĴУܹͨġšԪʼ̵˵ֻ֮һܹʿһֱֻ֮УֱԪľ
ûоѵԣϰȲϡ̫ϸӦƪȱ֮һ
ͩɹ˹ֻصļ͸ӿͷͩ˸һֽۡĹâ
ͩľһηǳҪͩĹؿһ̱һ©
ͩת֮ӣ֮ӣʲôвϲʵ־һ֣ͩͻϲ֮ħɱΣһأɹشħþͬʱҲ˽⵽ԭʵܼ򵥣Ľ
ΪԼɸӸߵȵǿӸ߹
ʣǶһֽʽ̤ͩ˵һҲؼһ
ֻǵһʣֻͨһʣͩ˾޴Ľ
ΪԶ֮ǿļ󴫳֮һ
ͩһǿߵȱѾˣʱͩҳɣתķ忪ϣͻưɣ

ңŵĴͻȻӵϵͳʾע⣬ע⣬B503ŷ״ϵͳסͻ֮Ҫͷ
գʶһɨҵB503ŷͩ
Ȼͻ֮Ҫ׶Ρ
̽ռ亽УֹͣС
Ŵӳռ֮лصռ䣬ͣ˷ɴУֹ˷ɴ
B503ŷ촰ϵͳͷź񴲡Ÿָʾ֪ʿҪͻƣڷɴڲͻƣΪռ̫СҪ˷ռ֮Уո
ռ֮УûпͻƵԷɴҪӳռ֮г˿ͣӰ쵽ǵԷͩͳţ㹻ĿռͰĻȥͻơ
ԪӤҪǻ컯٣ԪӤԪӤɳڵı־
ʱͩԪ־ʶʶ룬ȫעԪӤ֮С
ӴԺԪӤ
νĻ٣Ǵü֮нʶԪӤ֮У컯棬Ȼز֣ɢD磬ͩԪ
־֮ɹȥȻɲ൱յһ٣ҲǷǳҪһء

еžͷ˴󣬷ǳɵмλtҵžͿ֮
޾֮Уǲһ㣬ӿһȻû̫󣬵лٲ˵ġ
⣬гΣʲôͻ𣿡˽е
ѾԶʮ￪⣬Ӱ쵽ͩͻƣԶһЩΪ
ûУϧܼӳֹ֣ʶţҲ֪˭ͻƣûõġһλŽе
ףԣžȻͣͻ֮˲Ǵϵĳ˰ɣбȽϴ˲µʵ
tʮɢĵŶɵˣһ⻰ϸһ뻹ܰ
˳ɾǴϵĳͻˡͬ
˭ô̬ܹϴģû˻ռɣͻ֮ͻʥ򾳽磡һλų
ʥ⣬ôܣѵһδдȻҪʥ򼶱ʿ𣿡˾ͿʼЩˣվżʥȣϾǴơ

̤뷨֮ŵռʿṳ̂뷨֮ŵռʿ֮䣬ϵ¡̤뷨֮ŵռʿ̤ͬ뷨֮ŵʥʿʵ̫Զˡ
ӦңͻƱԵı̬֮ʵ֮ǿԲöԸͻˣǾͲҪʥʿȥһδдȣ֮߰µʥʿȻܻܶ࣬һЩǲһģǻ϶ǱȻѡڶѡһλһλʶ㲩֮
ڶǲЩƽӽˮˣƽıԹ
ƽҲͻʥȥղһλߵ
㣬⻰ʲô˼
ˣ˼ܹͻƣ˼ҵı£ǿɱȲˡǧ֮࣬ڶҲռǧȫɣǻлᣬˣȥչȥ
⻰˲˵ĹǶܵ˾޴ѹ˶طˡ
ͩ˿ȴ˲С鷳ֲķ֣ͩԪڲͣţٶȲ죬ȥȴ൱ġ
Դ˸ﲻæΪԪʶ٣šƷǴϮʵȴ
ԪҲûлԪҲŶţֲڻͩԪͬʱҲͩԪ񣬾걾Դ

ȴͩƣֲǵȴͩľصĺرͩٶ֮죬̸̫ۺͻƵ׼Ϊ㡣
ò˵ͩɵеգλǲ㡣
ⲻܹͩΪɵѾ˲֪ٸԪʱеУͩʱԲͩ
ͩԼҲ֮ǰУΪδ֪ͩԵη޾塣
һΣͩԭΪ֮ҪĴԪ֮ͻƣ벻ͩȻ˳ͻˡ
ȻȱڣͩɴһԷֵĿ飬ͩ׼ȷʵ㡣
ʱ䱦Ǯӳ˯֮ѣöǮеɢϹ⣬סͩԪ˳ɢ˷֡
ԪӤյ˫ۣһ͸Ԫۣ֮ȻܹռĹ켣ܹʱķֲܹתܹ
ûһͩ͸оһУϽ±˫ۡ
ǻۣ֮ͬ˫۾һҪ걾Դ֮ⱾԴ֮ĵһĳ̶ȣͻ˼걾Դ൱ѣסˣۿԿܹÿο뱣֤ԼھԱ״̬䱦ͩ


204  ʥ
Ȼ֮䣬һɸǿķֽ٣һδĲͩԪͩҲڡεķֱεշ硣
ԶڵᣬγͩΪĵǿշ磬仯ɸ籩
ͩͺ󱻶˽һǿշ˷˺
ԪϵĬD磬עµĻõԮ֧֣ǿ
ͩСӣǻûκ׼£ҲҺͻƣ浱־ǼٵĲɣ䱦еȫѹͩԪţΪͩԪ֮ų̶Ѿ˾߱ԵǾˡ
ô죿ͩǧһľʹ࣬ʵҲΪڣɵͻƲף׼ȥͻƣֱ
ô죬ô֪ô졣䱦ûⷽľ鰡
ֻͩԼ취ΨһֻܹСԪ屦䡷ˡ뵽ͩѹԼȡʱ䣬ֳʶƴز鿴ű֮еط
ڣҵһطǾһΪ̫нƾͩϸһ飬طһŷӡطҪɹһأֻҷӡڵϢͷӡסԴһ١
طѧּףͩɷһ˽оѾ൱Ϥˡ֮ͩѾ̤˷֮ţʹоͩ
Ǭ޼нͩݡ̫нƾһӡͼӳԼϡ

ҷӡ൱Σ֮£һСľпԶʧȥһС
ͷðգܿͩͻᱻ
ӡӳ֣ͩСؿŷӡԭֻ뽫ڵϢӡסϧ첻ԸӡһͿʼͩȫķ
ͩףҪֻӡϢԶ٣ǲܵġ
ԣͩһҧͻƽ뻯ڣǵķ͸зʶڼٷȡ
ڴͬʱͩҲڷΪзĴθڣͩһѾʮʥǿͻʱյһ൱˵֡
ⲻͩɵ˵ĿֲͩΪ˱סԼķסԼòͻƵľ磬סСʱҲ˲ԺôƺˣֻܼӴ
ҲԽԽ󣬴ֱ׵УŴֱ׵ľ޴С
еӴֱӵķΧ
Զڷϣע⵽ͩͻƵ˲٣ɴϴ󲿷ֵСʿȻֻ۾̫ԶҲ㲻Զ״
ɷſǲڣһλΰͩͻȻǵע⡣
СһʲôͷȥĺĳֽȻ콵ҪŵĽʵ
ˣͩǹϵţһʮҡڽͩͳŵʱ򣬾ǼǴϣһţ

ҲСȻʵѵáӿ𰮲֮ģֻ֮䣬ͩڵķһȥ
һ޴֮гͣһץһͩӴ籩㱻У顣
Ȼֿвʿ٣ڽ˵㲻ʲô
DȻʧͩˣΪнѾʩչһ롣
ûˣʩչӡǾԼˣͩһҧǿתţӲŹɣ߻ħ֮գͣʩչһķӡ
ǡ̫нƾ̫ֻʩչһ룬ǿ֮ͣһӡͬͩϡ
֮ͩܵ࣬СԪʼ̵ǿжϹȻʹͩת˼걾Դ
ͭǮѹɱԴѹҲͬɹһ٣ҲıΧ֮ڣֻͬоתǱȻⲻˡ
ͩʱ˵޷зһ뷨Ҳòˡ
ҷӡȻûɣһӡҲͬӡͩķ
ͩӵʥľ磬ȴûʥķڰƷԱΪʥ򾳽硣ңͩڷӡķ൱ˣͩԼǸ޷ģӡƣͩԶҲǰһʥľ磬޷ͻơ

˺һɢȥͩϽóһ˵ҩ£ָһЩжȻ֮һӰͩǰ׿⡣
һߣڷüųİ׺ӣȴԵ൱֮ǿ׳ȶľ׿ȥ׳ʵϵҲڲһʮļ⡣
ǰǣͩһ۾Ϳһλ񼶱ϵĴڣпܾǷɴϵĳλˡ
˽Сӵ죬Ȼûκ׼£ǿͻƣ֪ηܹڶ̶ʱڽһŽ㾳磬ΪȺܵһĳš޵ȺĳţɲͣЩ۲أͬʱҲڿǲҲոˣǰСһ츳䶼ڶ⣬ûκָ£ԼһʥѶȿɲһĴ󰡡
л˿佱ˣΪͩʵ
νָЩ֮󣬻ʵǿ󹦷ЩŴǴԶѾŵ´бġ൱Ⱥ֮УҲ̫ࡣܻԵɺϵõһŽҲ˲õļ˵
ŶȻҲнĴУͩˣԭΪɵֻһˣԼªˡ

Ҳ޷һѡǧ֮ǽᱻ͵ȺĴʥȥ߶˵֮һѡԼϲĹŴĽҲУֻôȥˣȴϰЩΪҪ죬ҽ׻ÿһν׶٣ɷϣ֮֮ͬж͵ĴڡڵСӣҿ㣬ҪȥúϢ̾磬սӦѲ㡣
лˡͩûнԼ״ֻʥѡ
ţ˴ܴһ֮ӱϷԿΪӡֵ˵ʵϣھͩΪޣֻõȵս֮󡣶ҽҲΪͩ츳ǰ϶ĳˡ
лʶ̿֡ͩһϲֵֻ̿ı˵⸱߳ġ
ʦǿ϶ģͩҲҪһλʦΪԼָ·ΪԼԺԴָ·ͬʱҲڸԼҸɽ
ߣһͩļ
ֻͩǰһٴγֵʱѾڷɴڲˡ
ⲻǴͣǿռ˲ƣ˲ơܣͩ̾Ϊֹ֮顣ȫ˿ռ䷨ʱ䷨˭ܹ֮г

лˡͩл
޷֮Ͱˣطȥɣ뵽Դ½ʮọ́ʱһΪ˵ͷͩ뿪ˡ
ͩصԼ503䣬֮еĺûˣûб仯һ̾дϵĹԱãΪͩµĺ񴲡
ͩſڹ˱չŵӣȻ˷ţϣʼΪ;硣
ʱһζͩڹΪ;磬ȻΪӡˣ޷Ǿȴڡ
ͩȻֻǰʥ򣬿ʥĺôȴͩʵظоռĲˡ
ȣʥǿ󣬿ʩչ
ΣʥѴﵽһʱ䣬θ߼ٶռʮҲ˵ͩڲһķ򣬾ͿԱռʱʮ귨á
Ȼֻһŵܵ棬Ϊ£Բʱ䳤۸ǿǰʮһ˳Ȼļ꣬ķֻԭ̤޷ǰ
Ҳп㼸Ĳûȡýչڽʮ֮бʽȡͻơ
ͩ˵ʮĲٶĹĻ൱һٶȡ

ʱֻʣʮˣͻʥʱԭƻʮ꣬Ҳ׼㣬ԼԼŪɰʥ
ͩĵһҪľƳӡڶǻս
ͩһͻʥǼͲôˣǱ͡
ͩ
Ȼռ֮Уͩһ֣Ϳ㣬ںˮ֮дȥ
ү֮ͩ̿ĵʲôҲ˵ˮ棬ͩ˹ʱǣ޹ңϲӾռ䶼û˴ڡ
翴ֵͩĵһӦˮ棬ͬҲǣ޹ң漴־ãȻߣЩҲڲͣظô̺һˡ
ˣʲô˼֮£Ҳε˰ߣɾ޷ϰ
ʮذͩ˵ڵأͩ쵽ơ
ͩҲûгȫ˽ȥ
˾ں˵شս
ͩѹ£سţһϮ
Ҳţ¸ҵطӭͩǿ
һԲԶ⼤ĵֱֱֳӿɵˣ⻹һοŮ֮ġսĳνȫ̱ˮУ۾ôҲ޷ƶһ磬ܵضⳡսʼĩ
ֻܴͩسͩ¶
ֱս
֮Ķˣֱӿʼ˫ޣ˴ʱ˲Ŵ붨֮˹
үҺ㰡ؽе
Ҳ㡣ͩһߵ˫ϣȥ
ү㿴ǱߡָŲԶѾָֻǲҳˮĹ硣
ʱĹѾĵشӾװڳ¶塣
磬ɣԼˣʲôͩһ֣ڵ
ҡҡͷʾԼȥ
ͩЦˣ漴һ˲ڹߣһ־Ͱѹ籧Ȼһصϡ
練ӦʱѾͩ߱䣬ֻǱһԵؽһ漴ͣ˺һͩĻУҶ࿴


205  ʽ
ͩһߣߣŹĸвλ˵ؽ㣬ɣûˣѵ㲻̺ү𣿡
ҲףξԺĳ̬Ҳ
ƽĵȥ˹Ӿ¡
үƣؽЦͩ
ͩһԣȻһжչ۵ףͩľô߳ҲòϹˣ˴Ѱ
ͩѹ緭Լϣһס˹硣
޾飬һӾʧ˽ȥɬȫĵͶ롣
ͩһǣ˫һ߲ͣ使ơ
缤شϢţƺҪѹǿҵļͿС
ͩû̾Ҫ˹磬̼֮󣬾ͷŹ
ָ̧֮ͷͩһʵΪʲôͣ
Ϊû׼áͩЦЦش֪绹Щų⣬ͩû̾Ҫ˹硣
һ棬ͩҲҪʱоһڵķӡ˫֮ܲƳӡ
ڴ֮ǰҲҪһʱ׼ġʱÿеЩ٣ͩҪǹȫĸԸ˿ź

һͩϸ鿴һڵķӡһ£ʩչӡʱ֮ͩҪ⿪һǿ֮⣬Ҫ̵ĸþǲ̤֮뷨֮š
ͩĿǰзֻľַѾȫ̤˷֮ţһ¡֮棬ҲջֻҪʱơˮ֮ȫͷԣҪⷽǿ
ԣͩʮʱ䣬ҪܵذѽƣȻһˮ֮¡ȫ֮󣬾ͿԿʼ⿪Լڵķӡ
ƳڷӡͩģϾӡֻһ룬ΪӡԼʩӵģƳİ취в٣ҪԼƣȷʵҪ鷳һЩ
ⲻ⣬Ϊʱ仹ܳʥľͩš
ͩûбչز򣬶ǺϢɣÿֻһʱڲʣһʱͻʳƺϡ
ͩ͹֮ദ÷ǳ֮˳Ѿزٺ߻ųˡ
Ȼÿֻһʱڲ򣬿ͩĽȴ൱޴
ΪӡĹϵ֪ͩѾʥǿˣȻᾪȵΪͩĽٶʵ̫ˡò׷ˣȴͩһΰ˦һܵһЩġ

ʽľŽһһǰƣ
ĵʽšȴˮһǵصԵиա
ʽĽ⣬ͩѾ
ͩûʹĹ£ɹһеĽ⣬ǵ¡ˮʯǿʱܹɷϣһˮ㲻ʲôǧˮγɵľ˿ûһС˵һôˮĿԻ顣
ĵµֱ仯Ѿ֮ͩС
ͩǰʽҪĲȥѧļʽͣúõУںʽݻз
ͩÿ춼һ˿ضǰʽһϵϰᡣ֪ͩĲͣϰʽͩ̾
ͩ㲻ʱĹ̨˽д裬ûý⣬û¶ռķֻõʽͱ仯Ͱ˲ٷŵš
ʱķϣƾһǧ½ѡγš
ϵĽʹҲֳ˹̨Ϳʽ˽Լս
Ȼǹ̨ϾҲˣ෴ڹ̨ϱԸӿˡ˵ˣҶǾϸѡ̭֮ӱţΪ츳и£Ҳ̫ࡣ

ͩڲµ£ֻʤаܣܵ˵൱⣬ͩҲһЩƾ赥Ľоʹ˲˷µš
ͺһڹǳߴڹһһ˾ȡ
˻꣬ͩѾܹǰʽҲͣʽϵںϡµںϻһ㡣Ҫˣʽǽĸʽںˣӽʽںֻ֮Ҫҳһ㷨ںϵеĻôطںҲеôѵġ
Ͼ࣬ҪںǣǳΣΪûһ㷽Ҫں̸ףҵںϵķôгɹĿܡ
ͺѧоһ󲿷ֿѧоʱ;Ѷǻ̽͵·ˣֻҪѧҵоķչͻ;ôоʱͻ̣ҳɹ
ĲںҲͬһ
ʽһĽУͿԿһַµĸ֣İӢҲǰͩʽһ֮£֪һеˡ

ɴʻڳռ֮У԰ٱٳԴ½
ͩʱѾԽԽˣͩھʱƿڷӡˡ
Ȼռ䣬ͩרչͩ͹˶
磬׼𣿡ͩʵ
ţѾ׼ˡصͷȻ˶ԣʱ򣬹ûʱȥߣͩһεͻ൱ؼӰ쵽Ժķչɲù粻
Ϊҳ˫ޣ˫֮ȻҶͻһ磬ΪԺķչΪҪͻƵѹӺԼĻۡͩѵ֮ͻռѵѡ
ǳص˵ͷؼİѣԪӺõѡͻƵռѣΪͩнӤվ
簴ָͩʾ׼λãһһʹϮ漴ʹͱѹ
ʱ򣬹һУʼרעʩչ˫޴󷨡
һɴԪ֮ӿͩڣͩ˫֮תȻʼڵ
̳ʮ죬ʮ죬ͩۻѹ൱Ӵƴ

¡
·ײһǿҳһͼһͩԪӤͷнӡǿӲ˺顣
ûнΪнô׾ͻƳͲܱ롶Ԫ屦䡷ˣ
ͩƳӡĹؼʱ̡
ɢ鿪ͼƬ׷һ飬СƬܹΪƬۿҪһһʱ
ͩˣ˵ͩԪӤˡ
ֻͩԪӤȻ˻ۣ֮⽣סƬڴͬʱͩʼз·ֱλƬ
ЩƬϸ֮۶ɣҵ˺νһûпСذɡ
ͩԪӤ±˻ۣſС죬ʼƬ
Ƭͺͼһ㣬ڲͣػΪͩԪӤա
ͩԪӤڽڳɳСǵߴ硢ɳ֮СڴͬʱԪӤҲžҵı仯ԪӤļϣͬʱҲԪľ۾֮أ̺ͩڷļ䡣
ǧҪСЩ䣬ͨļļ䣬ǿӡԪӤÿһ֮С
ĳַ˵ԪӤھĴڣԪӤǷ򣬷ԪӤԪӤ֮м¼ķԽ࣬ͩյķԽࡣ

зͩԷ֮סȻԪӤĲƷͩҲ벻ͼ֮УȻ¼ͩ򵽵ķºѾյķ¡
ͩЩϢԪӤڼ¼ЩϢԪӤԪ걾Դľ۾ӵء
ԣԪӤڼ¼ͿͬʱҲͩԪ֮С
ֻ֮ͩһ룬רĲͼЩϢ
ЩϢ̫ͣãͩʱջ񣬱ȻͩĪ
ͩڷĲ򣬿ŶܹðȲϡ
֪ͩԼʧʧĵ
缢ƿʵЩϢ
һºͼһգͩʩһзƳˡһʥǿߵѹϢͩų
ʱʼͩһλʥʿǰİʥˡ
ȫѹԼͻƣдͩڷתΪԼĻֱۣȫѹʱ
žͩɷӡʱһصϢȻ˹ʶ֮С
ϸһƣһԱȣһӾ˹Ƿ¡
ҲʼȫĵͶ룬ЩϢмͲ
ͩøǸͩһӾͰѷһҳΪǿǿ
ڴ֮ǰľǶԷĲ˽⣬֮ʹù罥ҲʼӴ£ʼղ̤뷨֮š
һϣҪǰ棬ʮǱ޲򣬼ϱѾַ£һֻ֮Ŀ£һˮ֮ı¡

ʱһ졢һµعȥˡ
һζۿŷɴҪĿĵصʱͩ͹չҵĴһδ
ͩ͹紩Я߳
ڶ̶ڣˮַ֮£漣֮е漣
ͩǿԭյ£𡢶ܷ𡢽桢ˡ¶ǳĽ׶ΣѾ˴ɵĽ׶Σ֮⣬ͩз֮Уз֮Уʮ֮ķ£Сɽ׶Σ
ͩʵ˲˰ٱ
ͩôţҪʮַ£ҲҪʱɣм仹ܿǣһסˣǧΪλˡ
ˣʵԼʥͰʿرǰʿвѲΪ׶Σǿʿһ֮Ҫ׶Σ׶Σ¼ֱ׾ٵġ
Ϊʲôôһ޷ͻƵأ
ԭܼ򵥣µĲףҪȥͺˡںǸϼѣԭͿˢ˳ɵİ
Ϊգ
򵥣һַ»һطĲ̶ȷΪСɡɡԲĸҪںϷ£Ϊ񣬱Ҫŷ¶ﵽԲľ磬Ȼʸںϡ


206  ǿͩϣ
ͩе⡶̫нƾطΪʲôᱻ뱦֮ˣΪȷʵ൱ǿܹ֮зʩչǿķӡ
һˣʹ÷طǿ󣬼ֱû
ͩҲͬңסңϧ
ӡֻһ룬ҪȫӡǿҪƿͩһܰ쵽ҷӡĿͩ˽ѵͩԺ֮УӽСġ
ͩһøһӲзһķ£˵һӾʡȴ˲֪ĿޣǺ¡
ʵҲʹͩڵΪԵЩ鸡Ҫһʱ
һ޷ӵģǾͩĽٶѾͬڵţΪʮķ£ʵ̫˳Ծˡ
ͩҲΪһͻƺøȫӢ˵ľ롣ΪΪϵͻƲ׷ϣرǶһδʮǧ½ѡĽռ˵ֻҪһʱ䣬ͻʥͻưΪ񣬶ѣΪ츳
ڷµٶȷ棬һͩ˦ϳһξ֮Ҫ׷ϣ⼸ǲܵˡΪͩͬҲš
û˱ͩ׷ܹ֮ٸĲرӵռ佻ƽ̨֮ԴŲѴ

үؽ㣬ǳˣôˣ֮ͩӭ˹ĵʵ
Ѿ˷ӡ̤ʥ򾳽磬Ҳͬ治ǳֻҪҵʱ䣬ʱͻƵռͩ΢Ц˵
̫ˣǺǣؽڳΪԼˡĵؽеѹһȥˡ
ȳȥһˡͩ˵뿪˱ռ䡣
̤ͩ߳Լķ䡣
չôãҲʱúõطһˡ
ϵĲͩûȥ
֮ͩ󣬲ŷװϷǳӡҲвò͡
֪ͩжˣӲƶϣ˻治١
ͩߵ˰̨͵ĵطһ²˵صȲˣˣơ
ֻҪָڰ̨Ĳ˵ϵѡˡ
ллһżƷʯɰշѵͻ˹ܳѵ
ͩһ£漴óżƷʯշѿڡţһߴһƱݣ˹ܵ𣺡úƱݣһƾƱ͡
ͩӹƱݣһ711ŵĺ룬ͩһ˵ĶСи̾շѻһĹ̫ˡɲ˼ƾҪżƷʯȷʵһİ󡣼ͩƶǲ˵õơ

һͩƾƱݴӳͰ̨ȡԼļʳ̲ͩȣƻصλ
ȻһеسԺ
ͩʼûãȻ䴫һϤͩ
̧ͩͷһƣˣӦĦôҲˣһһ
Ħһ£̧˹ͩĶ棬ڵҾͲˡ٣һﻹûкͩһ˫µ꣬ӹһƣԴ
һĦܵʲôƵ̾Щ½˵񰡡
ҿβԺĳɾ;һôδԤ֪޵ĿܡͩؽӿڵǺηգɲԹ԰֮
һս֮Ҿͻȥչ˶ʮ꣬ǰųء⼸һֱ˽д衣ǰڹ̨ϣҿλʥ̨ϴ֣ƼֱšĦ˵
ʥȻҪǿһЩͩһػصԼҲʥȻ׿֮󣬶ʵʮΪλġ
ʥ򣬶ʥ򣡡Ħſָͷ˻˵Ҳ˵Ǻͬڵս֣һĸ˵һνƼʮǧ½򳬹ţоԲȱʥš

֮ͩҲ˵ͷʮǧ½ʵ̫ˣţ˭֪жٱ̬ţ
ڷ½ϣܹ֮߰ڿռľѾϳˣΧռųܹ֮ӱģֻЩ֮߰ڿʥš
ĦﱧԹܹͩ⣬ΪһӶֻѡǧ빫ģĴС
Ҳ˵֮߰ڵʥԽܹ࣬ȡԽ١
Ϊô˵̤ʥ򼶵ţ÷ѶܹռһΪǵ̫ˡ
֪ѡ֮Ужλʥųأͩһ£һ
ףҲ԰Ҫһ£ϣ̫ࡣĦֱóһͩһģһĸߣӶϵͳʼѯ
ףҲУ֮ͩ䣬óԼĸߡ֪ҲܹѯͩɴҲϵͳѯһ¡
ѣһǧ׵㡣Ƿѯѡ񡣡ߵʾˡ
ͩϽѯΪĦѾڲˣٲ˷ѹ׵㣬ȻҲ̫ںһǧĹ׵㣬Ҳ˷Ѳǣ

һĦ̧ͷͩһƣ˵벻ҲϵͬšǵģֻбӶеĵϵţ巢һߡǰӢҲûһߡΪӶڲԱ
Ǻǣ鵽𣿡ͩûбʾ֣ΪӶ鲼཮Ѿˡ
ÿһѡΣ󳬼ֻС6000ѡ֮УʥŵûгʮˡĦش
ԣͲҪ̫ˣǧȥʮжǧŰʮҪŬȥȡⲿˡͩοͬʱͩҲΪȣԭѡΣһΣ󳬼ֻУÿѡǧǿŽΰĴУԱ֤ϵرǿ
ݣӿֵʱ㳤౾ǱҲ൱ǿһʼ͵Ŀܡ
棬磬֮УӱľŴǿȺиơ
Ħ˲٣ʥųǧĻô⾺ʵ̫ˣԼҲûжˡ
ͩʱؿѵ֣̫ںʧɲǺ£˵ˣԼûģ̭ͲԶˡ
Ħˣƺһ£üͷһ¡
ͩĻ統ͷȣĦ˲俪ϣʮĿޣ٣ЩȴĸʥŸˣһֱûлָʧȥţ൱ΣպͿµ顣

ĦϢ֮󣬲վ֣صسͩȭллָ㣬룬ָ߷ڣĦպкΪֻ֮Ҫܰæ־ңһȫԸ
ˡͩ˰ֻش
ҪȥչصиˡĦ˵תҪ뿪
ʱĸ߸ݵ߽˲
ͩǣĸʥšĦϳĸˣͩԲͬĴ½Ԫ½һ˹½һķ½һƾبԪ½һŰǵʵԶԶһȣνĴĳƺţһЦ
һ˵עĿڶഫҶ˲İ֮Уǿվۣ֮
ǿߣر֮ӱǿߣǱҪ㹻ء
˻һۣͬʱĿתƵͩϣ˶һۣͩ˹
ĦЩĪ˹ʱ򣬻Ǵÿ˵·

ߵͩߡ
һֻ˵ã
ͩͩվһ֣شȻ˶Լĵϸͩѹʮ־Ϊͩʿǿġ
˵ĸо⡣
ͩĸ½ģҽķķ´һͩʵ
Է½ͩ΢΢һЦش
ķ˵ĸоǽ˼ȷʵнıǮ˵ţһ
Խƾͩԭ㣡ƾͷ˵
ƾ˵ĸоȻƾѾϳͩǵ֮ͻʥǸš
ҽаϲ˽֣ڹ̨дһ£㲻ʧԼɡˬʵؽе
˵ĸоǰ
ʸ죬Ը

ĦԱؿţһסˣ漴ʲôе㣬ǵǸ̬
ͩͻƵʱ򣬶СȻۿͩͻƳ˲࣬ǺϢʹ˿ϣҵϢ൱֮ѸٵģܿûжãҾ֪˰ǰһ̬ͻƵʥ򣬵֪˭
ĦΪ֮һ벻ԭǣǸ̬һͩ
Ħ뵽˵սͩ˵ʱֻ֮һ˾һӢ֣ĦǼ¡ɰӢ̹У֮ͩǿһˣʱͩȻ֣Ҳûбֵ̫ǿƣֵûûаӢǿƣӢķҪͩ
Щ꣬ӢҲºպĦӢйڶν֣˰ӢԣӢĦʶ֮Ҫʤͩ
Ǵ֮ĦͰӢΪ˺ѣԼţһЩǿĶ֡
һΣĦؿʵӢܸͩΪսأ
Ӣֻ˵һ仰ǾǡûоԵġһ˵ʧܣܸܰͬһΡͩҪȵ˾Ե֮ȥս
ʱĦȻŰӢĻҲͩ˺̵ӡԲŻ֮ǰʱĦؽгͩ֡
ڿ׹ѹӢҪʰ·ˡһ̫͵̫أ̫ɲ⡣


207  ǿͩ£
ͩЦЦͷӦȻˣĳȻ
ã˵ػӦ
ȻˣǾͲֳͩԶˡ΢Цظǵ
ǣͬ˵Ȼȥ
ȵ뿪֮Ħͩӵ˵벻־ȻѾʥǿϲɺء
ĳһˡͩƽػشûаʥ򵱳ɶô˲顣һѡţҪͻʥ򲢲ѣֻʱѡ
Ħ˲ЦҡҡͷͻƺͻƵȫһġ
ѡڼʱͻʥǾʹżͱѡСȵѡ֮ͻƣǸʱ򣬻ƻ˶͸ˡ
֣ͩȸˣ»ȥͩٴμʶһֵͩķɡĦ˵ոǶȥ
ͩͷ˼һֿʼ˹ƺʳˡ
֮еʿؿ̸ͩӣҲ̸֮ɵöͩ˼ءĽʼɵȵȲһ㡣
ͩ˵ԼսȴǶڶУϢȻ֮ɢ˿
ͩڳԷ֮ҲûڲתԼˡ
ͩȴ֪ĴԼ½Ѿˡ

ɴһΧǰһ߳Բһ졣
ֶǸͩôķѻͩϡ
ͬˣպǾ֣Ҳսѡشֵýύ
ֵĻֱӰķЦŻش˵û֮ûͻͬб͵ʸͬˣύȻǵһѡ
ӸղŵĽ˱ֵ൱ƽȻһز¶ƾۣ漴̧˰һ˵ϧһһԼսҪҵһϣ
أм˵
ߣһúܲҡƾ
ôܣ˵ˣҪˣҲͲˡӿڵʾض˻ȥ
ƾЩŭ
Ǵһʾ
ƾޱȵƣЩ˽ֲʮΣÿһûռٱˡ
ߣҪеķÿһҵĶ֣ƾƵؽе
Ҫ÷˵£ǽڡԴһ˵
ƾˡ
ˣԳ˻ط׼ȥҵǶλͩ൱ظȤȰ

ڶ죬⶷䳡Ĺ̨ߣΧ˲ֵʿ
ʥսɲǼ򵥵ѣܹеõҲͻƵʥأ
ʲôʱʼô˫أЩȲʿе
˼ҼӴһЩƽȵʿڷй
ⲿ˱Ͼ󲿷ŶĬĬصȴţ˵һ˽ǿĺʱΪţгһҲܿţȣԶȡ
ûһ˵Ӱͬʱڹ̨Եش
ˣǡ˸һ֣̾ͱŷ֡
ԭ׼ǰû뵽ô࣬˰
Ҳ̫˰ɣķ̾һ
ǣƾһܣҲἸ˹ۿѡͷ̾ϵı鵹м⡣
ҪҪǿ䣬дˡƾҲϲˣһؿ
ôУǿ䣬Щ˻ΪͩءķԵ
ͷ˵ȷʵˣһΰԷԼǹ̨д裬Ҫȥ˵䣬񲻳ԶŵСˣҲȫ˶ˡ
һ˵Ľ̸õǴ֮Ĵֻ֮䡣

֮ͩ󣬾͵һ֮ĽߣͬζŮӣͩƷζ˲һĿУͩΪ˷ܣ΢һһŷֲٵ
ͩͽӵ˶ľ׵ѶιͩԼսɣ
ͩѶ
̬ȰӢ̬Ͻߣ˶ڵأ̫󡣻УǷ½ҪǶľ˵͹Ѷ
ͩ˲ʧЦľ׻ӣġ
ͩҲٶ֮Уߡ
ͩӰڹ̨ıԵɺϵǣͳڵĵطҲס
ۣ˻ĲһĶడͩһеѹŶ
֣ͩˣҾ˵㲻ҸӵģɡЩȲˣ˵Ƚ̨
ͩҲ̨ȭ˵Ǹ³ٵˡ
ûԼʱ㲻ϳٵ룡˵գ֮ѡһӣԼɡ
ͩѡһĳ߳һߴɽ
˵ıͬģ˭Ҳûռ˭ıˡ

٣ڿʼˣǻԶһЩɡ
ԭǸֻʹʽʹ˲ٸֵǸˡϳͩûƿӡ֮ǰʽĽУ˲ʿ
̨ΪΧ֮ᵽ̨ϴ򶷵ļҳ̶ȣǲ·֮Ĵڣ磬ನйѱ˲ˣʵʵ
һ̨Χ׷Χ֮ڣֻ˴ݵվ̨¾̨ʮԶһ̨ϡ
һ˵һѹ£ٶȼ죬һգۼͩǰ
ʥʦƶٶȱռҪöࡣ
ͩὣмܾٹͷ
䣡
ཻʥʿķײ˾ҵ
ͩͰζ˿ʮס
ۺķһУɱһ¡
ǿҵĵ𲨳ͩϯ
ʽͩӭѶϣһ̳Ե档
ನɢɢ̨֮⡣
ڴʱպмʿ𲨲
ŭһȫػԹԹûеסನɱ
Ҫ֪⼸˿ɶվżţٶһ»һ±仯Ҳ̤˷֮ţͬನɨ֮£ɱɼһеİԵ֮ˡ
Ⲣ֣δͻ֮ǰͩȫʩչ֮£Ҳδܹסನǿ
ռʥ򼶵Ĳ൱һ󾳽磬ͬշµʿʥȻռǿʮϡ

ʿսڷճ̶ȡطǿߵ͡ļܡĸߵۻ롢ٳķӺͶ־ȼ档
ͬȾ֮£֮ͩĽ֡
϶߳ƽ϶Ҳ£ޡӺͶ־˭Ҳ˭طߵϣͩطȻҪǿϲ٣ͩҲûȫǰʽҪ֪ʽݻΪ󽣵˫
ֻͩΣδȫȣ
߸µģڶ˶ڷµճ̶ȡ
⶷䳡ȵʵطͷ
ľ֮£ص˵
ваҪȥƾֻؽе÷˵٩һһ
ƨҰˣֲϣҰˣҲֵ˺áƺѾоֵǿ
ɱģͬʿҪһƵлǲܵģÿƾսҲǧֳܷһʤ
˲ʮǼɱǰļˡ
һǼɱ֮У˿µб仯Լµֱ仯һǰְ仯ݻ˴ʱĿ³
ⲢµںϣֻںϣٰѾʼںˡ
ںַѡͩһģںһҲܹһ㣬֮ٱ˴ںϡ

;ͬ飬󶼿һŷ
ͩЦЦղһֻ˼£ľ֮ͩ¡
ʽͬһУһͩȴһĽԼľ֮£ǿһС
ͩڻﲻںϷµĳ̶ȣǰʽӦ£ݻȥзԣÿһʽԵгΪһͨʽĽнͺһмŦǣס¡
ڳеһɲǣݵؽںһ
ͩһľ֮һķ£ǶݵںϣҲǰֵܹġ
һν
һûκ
Ѫ˰ף̨ϻʮײͣ
ֻûһطǺõģƬٵѺۣ³Ѫ֮ƬȻܵشϵĹֻʣ°أ޷
ͩվԭأһƵӣ˿ûܵˡ
˿һĻֻ֣Ǿǲܣ
ʤȻʤ
п֣пŵ
Ϊʥʿ֣ռ֮УҲֻһֿеŵ
վ˿
ַ£㲻ʲôΪÿһ˶ķϡǵĿǰΪֹûܹȫںһֻںϣΪһ
ͩһȴΪһһ֮ʵɱͩˡ

벻ͩ־Ȼز¶˲תش̨վȭ̾ķڷ
ߵǲ±仯Ȼһںϵ·ӣ·׺ѣÿںһְ仯һѶȡĿǰΪֹ֮Уֻں˰ְ仯ֻǹ֮ʵ˸һ
ͩߵں£Ȼٽһںϵ·ӣ·Ѻףÿɹںһַ£ʹѶ½ɡ
ֳˡͩػش
̨֮󣬿ƾ˵ľƾָˣܹȡʤԺҼͳһ硣
ƾð˵
վΧóֵĽ߳ףҵȿǴ۽ˡԾ͵ΪֹΣô˺
ֻ棬»ﲻΪһĳ̶ȣֻǿط˲ǿںһѡȲλֵ汾졣ͩͲһϲ֮෴һǫѷмӣ֮ˡ
طҲʵһ֣Σֵͩʵȷʵҵ֮ϣıԾ͵ɣҪȥչһЩʱգٱ˴˽ɣҽѶ룬ϵȴüΪ̹ûиԼκεĽڡ


208  Դ½
ÿ˶䲻ͬļԴطʿ֮УطЩʿ˵ܣΪҶףֻԴطʺԼģԻûʿΪ˵ط˲ͻ
֪ͩԶŽҲͬûжͩĽκ̰ΪûбҪֶǿϲ㴫֮Ув١תĽͬҲ٣ԼԴطʱ䶼Ӷأ˭Ա˳ŵģ˵ĻʺԼط
ֹתҲ֤˵ײʿԴԴϵز߼ʿرϵΰڣԼ·
ͩڱ֮ԼȻʵûеֽ׶εļޡ֮ͩһ֮С
ʼϰʽϤԼյʮ£ʼں¡
˵򵥣ɾѶˡ
ͩʼ˼ԼѡһʽصͻƣΪͩף佫ʱƽ̯н֮ϣ缯һУ
ͩѡѡȥɴͻڵһʽϡ
뵽Դ½Ҳҵʱ䡣
ͩϣһʵ
ĵһʽ൱⣬ΨһһʽԲֵĽͬʱ̺׽Ļ

ͩĻʤԼ˵̹ȻһռʿǴΪȡ֣ͩǵļС
ͬ½ĶľסҦƼƽӢ⶷䳡żͷʱ򣬶̾ͩĽٶȣҲͻʥ򣬿һʵ̫ˣʱڼǲͻƵģһͻʧܣڶͻƵѶȾ͸Ҳʧȥšûаٷ֮ʮϵİգǲððȻǿͻƵġ
ʥͩԪڵöͭǮӣûʲô仯
Ȼռ䣬ͩٺС
꽣ͩԶ䳡˻
͹綼ڳæš
һˡ֪ͩһ漴ѹС֮Уһˮ֮ͩһϽˮˮо֮Чÿĺôϴǿʣı츳ȵȡЩôǱĬģƽʱǸоġ
үˣˣˣϾͺáں꣬Ƽȣ
áͩ˹ӣشһ̿˹
ԼУͩһ㶼÷ǳ㣬ʱŻᴩһۡ
ͬģ͹Ҳ൱
紩һӼȹΪҪˣ͹һΧȹ档ȥţԼ

СӣԽԽ޶ˣ次һΧȹ濴Ƿˣ濴˷ˡ
ͩڲ˵ʱͩӵĴţ¸ӿһͽ
СÿζԵүͷתġͩһķϣһϸ廬۵ĴУͩ᲻ջ֡ظš
һ˵ⲻүӷ𣿡
˵ˣԴͩ˹ָֻ֮ǰţӲ֮Ķʱʱͩǰȥ˾ͩ
ָͩƣԽɽһɽɽ֮Ӳݴ
һ˫΢УٰѵӰںã˫ֳʯ֧ŲԼڵء
ͩһϣһָΧȹ˸߷壬һȥһ
ӵһͩɳȥΨһϰ˫ֲͣۻĽơ
ȣȣȣһһȲˣ˳˳Ȼ棬رһȫ㣬һ㣬̫ɶˣ̲סѶˡ
Ȼ⼸ûаЧ
˵ǳԷʱ䡣緭һֳۣѾϰΪˡ
ͩſһǳԷء
˼Ҳ˼ֻүġһ룬ףͩĿͷ¶ССȻȲſںȥ͡
粻Цû취
ͻȻ֣һûһԣعʱǰϲֺ޵Ӳ
ؽ㣬Ҳһɡ˵գץŹַŵССϡ
ɫ糺죬ͬʱͩϢҲ֪ҲЩȥųֻãûˣͩò෴ֺô˻Ů˶ų⣬οõ

ʱһξ͹ȥ꣬ŵĿĵأԴ½ڵˡ
ʮг̣൱һ;Ҫˡ
λ˿ע⣬Դ½溽ո۵ˣʰøλƷǵӻϣعԱİţȻһСͷɴ뿪Ծ򣬷Ը㲥ȫ㲥
ͩһɫۣѶһʶ۽̹ٽͨԼϵص㣬һ߳˷ţϵȥ
ʱƽϿߵ˿ѾΪˡΪߵ൱Բ̫ӵ
٣ͩߡľ׿ͩ߳˷е
ͩ˳˹ȥڲԶľסƽӢҦƼ˾ۼһȻڵȴ
ͩ˹ȥǸ˼ҳһ۽̹ٽǵǼǲһϡ
ǾͿ߰ɣٲߣһ˿ܸࡣƽѵ
ߣľ׻ֵͷǰ·Ǽǵĵطȥ

һ·ϣ֮䶼ڱ˴ѯЩջ񣬻໥֮佻Щĵá
ͩʦܣΪǷ½Դһս֮Ƿ½ǳһѡǲ֪Ƿ½½֮Уǰν׶ΣԪ½˹½½بԪ½½Դ½ȶεĴ½½ʵ൱ǿűΪҡƽ˵
ǰ˵̤뷨֮ŵռţϰ֮࣬ѡ壬̭ļ൱ġЩǰĴ½ʥšǷ½ǵһγʥšľؽܵ
ϲ㣬㴴ʷҦƼЦеףص
ͩǲģͻˣһս㡣Ӣ˵
ͩ΢΢һЦͷʱ򣡡ͩȴţӢԺҪսʤԼ»൱ѣΪԼͣȴκˡ
ͩĽٶȲֹͣͻȻ֮з򣬹ʮ֮־뱻һøټͩ츳ԲڰӢ٣ǰӢʲôļֻҪ׷Լǲܵġ

ǴʱǼסĵطʱҲΪ֣˵Цҵ˴۽̹١
٣Щɳô۽̹к˵ָͩ˵ı൱ޣٽҪ
ǣͩӦ
ͩʥѾռǧ֮еһ˽вп̭һ֮ͬɱΧǳסһϢԸǣǾǲᱻͬһͬһ֮СǲɱҲһϢɣ۽̹˵
ľ׵֮󣬵ûʲô̫ϲı飬ء
ôֳģľʵûд
˵ˣܼ򵥣ɱġǻᱻǧ֮ڣɱоߣܹ۽̹û֣صػش
ǲ˵ɷҲҪඣƽüͷ
ǵģҲһʵ۽̹ٻش
ˣɵЩơ
ǲ̫ģʵҶվż໥֮ʵԲ󵽲սʤĵطԼ飬ҲԵǿࡣȻǱ䵽ʥڵһֻйԼˡ۽̹һת˵

ףʥŲǱҲҪ̭𣿡ҦƼֵʵ
Ǻǣνıֻͣڷʱ򣬲ʥŷһʥһȺռŶĻǿҲֻб̭ķˡΪഫ֮ѡΣݲ÷ĳֻ֡ûһʥṷ֣̋ԡ͡ʵΪ۽̹ٻش
գ׵ص˵ͷҵʱ䶼̫ڷ޼£ʥŴ򲻹ռŵĿ޽ӽ㡣
ǱΧҲܹͬɽˡϵĲǺѿģԽߣԽǲֲٶͨҲĶ֣ٶҲܺһ࿹⡣
ͩһսսನܹɱʮռţȻ˵ǵùûκ׼һ߾ͱˣǴӲҲӳˣһ󾳽Ĳ࣬ʵҲر
ΪҶţ츳Ͳ϶̫ԶҶᣬʱҲ̫ڶԷµճ̶Ҳ̫סԣ£һ󾳽Ĳ໹൱֮ġ

ͩһڴ۽̹ٵĴ£߽һС˷ɴ֮Уɴֻаٶ׳һܹ˵Դ½Ĵ⡣
̫޴ˣʵڲ̫½һЩųϵı仯Ȼ仯̫󣬿ǺЧӦ֮£Ҳ֪½ϻʲô֡
Сͷɴһ£Ҳ½С
ֻϣʮմϰټСͷɴ˳Դ½ȥ
СͷɴҲܽ볬ռ䣬ֻٶȴﲻٱôţֻٶѡԴ½Ѿ൱ӽˡ
ڳռ֮з˰ʱСͷɴԾռ䵱С
ͩԴӷɴӴ֮пԶһ޴֮иУӴڷ½쳯ĵ۶֮ϡ
ʥ֮һԴǣԴ½ĵ۶۶ֱǧλڴ½֮ǧΧ½תǴ½һ㡣۽̹ٽܵ˵ͣһ£һ£˵ʵϣһ̫ձݣӵкǿķ½⣬ʮڵķΧķԤΧ
ǿ쵽ˣǻʱ䣬󣬲Ǵʱޡ۽̹ٶԼѧ˵


209  Դ
ûжãɴɵһ޴Ŀոͣƺֱ
ɴϵ˿˷ɴ
ԴǣԴĴʥ֮һԴǡ۽̹һ羴ؽܵ
Ĵʥأ̹ٿԺ˵˵𣿡ҦƼʵ
Ĵʥأĳɳ׳Ḷ́Ԫ֮ǰһ½ϣǸʱȺֻһСȺܾǿѹ壬ֱһλԪΰ֮ȺһӱСȺ𣬳Ϊǿ֮һչʱڣ֣񲻶ӿ֣ʼţٶȼΪѸ١ֱһԪ֮ʱȺѾΪٸǿ֮УһȺ˵Ѿһֻ̤ǿȺСΰ֮һŴ֮սһһӿ֣ûгֹϲ㣬ɴ˶òǿ۽̹һʥԴʷ
ͩˣ·һ㣬ʵ̫ˣһСȺΪһ֮ĵΪǿ壬һԪͳΪ׼ǿȺʵ
Ҫ֪֮У磬֮Уʵ֣ɷΪСеȡǿԼǿ
ȺСȺԾǿֻΪһ֪֮ԾٶжôѸ١ǿߵҪԿɼһˡ
ͩЩѧ˲泣ʶǿĻʵܼ򵥣Ǳڷ½ϵ壬ЩûΪȺֻ֧Ҫ֣һΪūǱɱĶ

½ȺͿԿһȺΪû񼶱Ĵڡ
СȺĻ־λĳ֣λ֣Ⱥܹ緢չչٶȸ죬Ѹ͡
СȺֻͳĻ֣ʵϣСȺ֮ҲǿģеһֻһλȻСȺ֮ͼġλԽ࣬СȺĲξԽߡСȺչͱΪͼͼ֮УַΪһ㶼ǿǿ֮£档
е壬嵮һλϵλҲ׳Ƶͳе壬е֮еĵλԵ˲٣ǿԶ֮£ȻϻҪƳġеչͱΪмҲֳͬ
ǿ壬ӵһλϵλҲ׳Ƶʡͳǿ壬ǿѾȫǿȺҲͻΪжĻ֮СǿѾӵ棬վϣֻҪǿ巢ͻһҲȥǡǿչͱΪ߼Ҳֳ

ֵǿȺˣΪǿȺһ˵ǿȺǿ巢չֻҪǿ֮˵صһλԪͻΪǿȺˣǿȺչǳͬҲ
Ǿ֪ͩļ¼֮УڵоŴ󳬼ʮĳ̶ȡ
Ⱥ𣬾Կƴ棬ȻһӴֻλСȺ˲ΪһԪ񣬶Ծǿ塣Ϊʲôֻǿ壬ǿȺأܼ򵥣Ϊĵʵ̫ǳ֮£ǿ߶ϲ㣬ֻܱǿ֮С
Ϊ֮ĴڣȺչ˳ʱڣŴսΪֲȺĶϲ㣬һԪྐྵȻĴһС壬ӲطչΪǿȺ֮һ
Ծ֮еھŸʮư棬һ
գΪʲôԪһֻ˾Ÿʮ

ˣ̹٣һԪǶ೤ʱ䣿ƽʵ
ţ֪ɣһһ꣬ڼһԪνļԪһֻع̡Ԫ½ǳءͬҲԪԪľ֮ͻ𣬻ֻ֮ǾһԪĿʼ۽̹ٻش
ʲô滹𣿲ܰɣľŵ˵
Ȼᣬֻʱ̫Զ̫Զͨ˸ܲͨͬҲܲͬ٣پ֮ʱҲ䰡۽̹ٳ̾һ˵֮·ͷǻֻСޣ֮࣬ûмᶨƵ־ջԵ˰
԰̹٣˵һԪҲپȴǷչԪƽֵʵ
˵泣ʶλ̹٣еĶûй
ǺǣǿȺǿȺĲڡһ壬ֻе˼Ԫ񣬲ܱӻһȺɹԪ֮١ǿȺ֮ǿΪܹɹԪ֮٣ȻµļԪ·չǿ壬ôǿҲһԪ֮ڵǿһԪ֮Ҳ䣬ȫǿȺ۽̹ٻش

䱦ڲڣ֮ǰ۽̹˵ģͩһԪѯʡ
ǵģûдÿһԪĩڣд𡣻֮ͨÿһԪµܡÿһԪһЩЩеֻһԪݻһԪԺļԪ֮жеÿԪһΡеǵһεеԪֻһ֣Ҳͬ࣬еǧ򣬵ͨһƵķܡݻǳ˵Щ鱦ǲһԴһԪǧ֮ͬ⣬ԺԪҲûе䱦Ǯ٩٩̸š
ͩףԭ鱦Ҳһ
鱦һһ𴴽ΰ֮ΪûνŻ֮Ǵ֮ü棬ҲΪˣ֮ܳԽеʮͬʱҲʷǿͳһõ֮鱦һǷһ֮ʼ棬νɱоսڵĸּǳԶ֮νϢԴͷ䱦Ǯͨռ佻ƽ̨䱦ش

Զ֮ȻʮȳҪǿǿĳҲʮѣʱŴ󳬼Уʮﲻʮĳ̶ȣ˵Խ˳ʮ֮
䱦Ǯԭǵķô򵥣ѹһ飬һӵǻۡ
֮ô䣿ͩǿʮҲʷĳ֮С
ߣôˣ䱦ȻҪ˵ʲôʱȴͣ˺һ˵ڲ˵㻹ʸ֪ЩȵʲôʱΪ޽֮Ұɡ
ͩҲûǿʲôֻա
ҿԸǣһֻܱӻһȺŸԪѡǱǿĴڣ򼴱ԪҲŸԪѡ䱦ָͩһϡ
ͩˣӾȣԭԪȻҲƣȻŸԪޱͬޡ
ͩһҲΪͩһѾǺʱˡԼʥܻһ꣬Ѿ൱ݳ޵ˡ˵ܹ֮ͬ٣ǾڼϣôҲ֪ˡ
ͩһ֪֮ˣϱǿҲΪ˱ǿ

СӣҪΪʱ仹Ҿ㣬һԪ֮ڣ޷ôӻҲǰһŸԪ֮ɣ䱦ͩƺ⣬ھȫƾǼԪ񣬺ΪԪ񣿾ΪԪֻԪܽ񣬷һԪ֮ŬţҲٽΪ첻㣬޷ֲ
ͩ⻰صصͷصİɣ֪أҲ͵ġһԪͺһСĸֱ֮ɳ֮ı첻Ļֲ
ԪͩĵڶĿ꣡ĵһĿȳɣӵͬԣͬٵĳȥıڶĿ꣬ڲż
ڴ۽̹ٵĴ£졢졢ݵǼǵȵһϵϸ񵽼֮󣬲߽һʽͳ֮Уͳʮף߿ɷס
һͳһ֮УֻڰֻԶһĹ㡣
ͳԴ֮ڣǰһ
⣬ؾͩȷ˴˴һؾΪؾѾֻһεؼʶˡ
ø̫ձݳУ̻ôɹҲǰ޾ɽͣޱߵɭԼ޾հơ
֮ϣŸָĽһС

Դؾþûˡ۽̹³֮󣬸̾
ʱͳͣһվǰվԶһȥǾӪĵط֮ͩΪǾӪΪ֮ѵʱ򣬴۽̹һ˽۶һ̶ܳȲ̫ߵľӪ֮Уιǵѵ
ѡŵĵط꣬ҲǴ߳ġֵˣһҸ㣡۽̹ٴ˵
ԴؾԴĺģһεĿĵأӪءΰ֮ƾõʷÿ귭һΣԶԱ֤ʩȽģԱ֤ѡĹ͹ƽͬʱҲܱ֤޶ȵΪṩһз㡣۽ָ̹ŲԶһռӴӪؽܵ
һɹҪԼţҪоԵǰǻʱ׼Ŭɣǣ￪ʼһתۣΪ˷½棬ͬʱҲΪԼȡδ۽̹ƽ͵˵ЩĵĻ˹
һɹģһᣡľȭص
ƽݺݵصһԴ
ӢɫϾͬҲͬصͷ
ҦƼҲͽʮ֮Уֻʵĩβ
ֵֻͩƽͣҲͬ͵ԣһɹӱѾֻ̤˳ɹżˡ


210  һؿ
Ǽס֮󣬲֪ԭһճǶӪءᣬһһһרŵܼңͺ͵ڻʼҸߵѧԺѧϰʱ龰ǳơ
ֻʩҪ߼ǧ򱶣˵רŰʿɼרΪʿĴľ鷨רΪʿṩԴȽӪҽƲңȽֵȵȡ
֮⣬вȽѵʩǾõȽ
ʿѡ϶սҲѡʵ֮нʵս
רŽı̨̨ڣȽķϵͳ̨ϱԵˣҲ̨ϵսನ硣
ͬʱ̨²ԶרŵȽҽһλḻҽʦֻҪһܹλ
Ϣһǰμѡεţﵽ֮ڡѹҪһСΪӪˡ
ԭһճǵӪأ½½ҲסˣǹǣֵȴҸĶǴԼޣɽֻҰ֮ȥѰС
ʱ򣬸ҳûйģҪôҷĴҪôǽʥšǰһ֪УѾˡһǾţˡ

ŵ˿ûӰ쵽ͩΪͩںߣţȡҪŵرսҪŬ
ܹһƽԴת̬֮ۡ£ͩĽþˡ
ͩר޽ʽһַ̺Уǿ޼᲻ݣǰڷ֣ͩ࣬һ̺µһѾ˾ľ硣
ǣں£ͩȻԭ̤ûжٽչ
ͩʵΪȷʵõ൱Ĺ̺
ȻռͩԼڿд򶷣൱ңó˱𽣣ͬʾóˮ޽
ŮԶһ
ͩס˶Ůһ˵ԣĳֲݣǶҲ꣬Ĺһ㶼ЧҪЧ
ָͩŮʵսϧܸ㵽Ƚ豸Ūһ豸Ȼռ䣬ֻߵľҲð
֮УԷſֽȫʵ֮йУʼչҪһЩ޷ȫ֡
ͩΪΪԶڶŮ֮ϣԲ¶Ůȫ֣ЧҪĹкõöࡣ
һʥǿιУ͹˵൱ݳ޵飬ǰͲ롣ļҲӵмռֵСѣƽʱռֵ룬οͩʥǿߵ

ˣΪֹˡͩѹһţƿ˶Ů
ջ˱˵үʵսϰȷʵǸõշ£ǵĽ൱ԡ
ǰرңҲоԼܴܹ뽣֮У൱ѡ粢ûͨͻȻˮ֮£ͺвƱһһӳ˱Ҫܳʱ
ɲͩӵǿĹ͵̣ܹͩڶʱ¸ʮ£Ϊ֮ͩǰкǿĻرϵĻ
׽ͩһٶ꣬ǰġ
ڵĵѾ㹻ռˣʱ仹ǲУΪԴؾĴʥ֮һǲҪһʱСͩ̾һ˵
ûϵүİ겻Ԫ㹻粻żһǧٶԪһöϽ֮һꡣʱ䳤úܣеʱ䡣˵ˣ޼֮ٶ൱Ѹ٣ΪΪ˫޵һͩΪʵ̫ˣѸٵ˫޵µΪټԴһƽӹòƽӹʿҲܹѸٽο˵ʲ
ͩҲżǶء

ͩλչʵңӣ֪䣬ʽѡξҪʼˡ
ͩǰ֮гľ˻ͬĦˣһԼ˳Ĳһİ䡣
Ӫ֮епԼ֧ϣпɴ۽̹ٴ½쳯Ϊͳһ
ְ䣬һٶϯҪվʯˮ
Ҫڿռ佻ƽ̨ǰͩԳԲһ٣ʵ̫ˡ
ȻһٲͩͣĦĿ͡
ʽѡˣףλһ˳ֱͨϣɡĦվžƱ˵

ľ磬࣬Ҷѡμڴֺ¡
죬Ǿδʱ̣˶оŶֽȵգʱ̣ͬһȻԵȵö࣬һԼһ£Ժ֣ܹõطɺͷйϵѹ
֮УһͩơĿ꣬ΪҶͩĽǶʼɡ˵УֻͩԵݺڡ
֮⣬ǰӢŵҲѡЩźͲȷ
㷹֮󣬴Ҷȥˡ

ڶһ磬Ӫض˹㲥֪ͨλѡߣһ֮ڣͨ㳡ϡ
֮ͩ󣬲Ϊ⣬ѵѡβ֮н
ͩķӦҲѸٳ˷ţߵһȥȻͨ㳡ȥ
νͨ㳡ӪصķΧ֮ڣӪ֮һǰ档ͨ㳡һ޴Ĺ㳡ǵͿǧ֮ڣ㳡Ǻ׾ʯ־ʯӲޱȣ鱦ϣȴ
㳡ϣһ֮ĵֻǵĿȴһصڵסˣ
㳡ǰһĽݣһǧ֮ࡣͨɽһߴ˵ԴؾߴĽ
Ǵӵһ쵽Ӫؾյ˾棬ӽͩҲһֱûֻš
ǱȷŻҪŵľ޴Ǿ޴󵽲˼Ĺ㳡ֻͩ̾
һϵ𣺡ܺãСǣδǼ縺׳ΣΪȺһԱӦеκȺΰ֮Ĵ£棬Ϊ֮еھŴǿ壬ʤ̭ǿʳȺһƱؾͻᱻ̰Χֻ֮ǿ峤ʢ˥

ʢ˥ʢ˥ʢ˥һʱ֮䣬ЩʿǶѪش
˺һǸϵο˵ܺãڣǰʯݣΪͨݡһһϽݣ˭ܹ˳ọܹ̈̄ͨһءצְɡ
ʱ¡һӺȻڿУسķһ
һǶɵˣԭղ˵һλΰʱ¡
ʣλƿʱգǿޱȣȺϲ㣬Ҫ֪λͻƣǾǼԪ棬Ԫ٣ΪܹԽԪЩԪ񣬴ھŴʮ֮УʣµһЩһЩɵĶЩǿޱȣȴ٣ܳΪһӴȺҲ޷Ϊһ
ԣ֮УλѾ൱ǿƵĴˡ
Уצ⣬ϰλͨǶһѡιؿֺάߡ
һѡΣͨݡ
λ׼𣿹㳡ǰӵһοʼͨݡצ
ʮվ˽ǰ棬ʼά
һһˣѾѡ˳ͳһվ˽ǰ棬ųһš
ʼ

һţһ̤˽ݣһ̤ȥֻҡ£ţ˿ʼһһʵǡ
һٽףѾԿ˲࣬кпͬʱʼͬʱʵǣȴȺȻ֮ͨϱй졣
վʿĶվżΪɾܿǧ֮ϵĴë˵˵ıˡ
ͩվĶͬ磬Լͩͬ½ͬǡ
ͩ쿴Ȼð亹ˣ¥ݵʲô֮ľָЩŽе
ϻĦ
ˣԼͬصͷʾͬĦĻû֮Ž֡
ؼǶ֪ռʲôطһؾڿʲôأƽʵ
Ҳºܿǿ鿹ѹֻͩ²
ҲһΪǿ־Ӣ
ΣܻٵǵġϹ˵
ڴʱһ˳ܲ˴ٶ׵ĸߴˤ̾һλ֣һ̭֮
Ǵѡ֮Уһ̭ĵùһ
˽ԾΪʵ̫ˣտʼûþһ˱̭ˡ
ţû뱻̭

ʵôпᣬѡֻѡǧˣΪԴޣӦţֻܴЩѡһ
ʮ֮һ̭ʣЩԭڸԴ½̭̭ʸߵˣӳߵ̭֮УѡţֻҪ;䣬һǿ϶ģ֮ϵͲֵܹˣľԼˡ
һ֮Уֻǧ˳ɹص˵һǧ׵ͨݣͨ˵һصĿˡ
μ꿼˵ˣκʽй¶κϢ̭۴צʱȻܹǵļأϢȥҲı¡
ˣ˭Ұѿ˵ϢȥΪû˸һλļ֮
һһ½ʼʵͨݣ̭ʲеֻ̭˼ˣеֱ̭һ롣
ûֵһΪǶȷͨݵĿݣеĶԼܲͨûʧ
һֺ⣬ΪеѾµһЩݣеĴǶԼоԵš
Ѿͨ˵ǶĬ˭ҰϢй˵ˣйϢⲻǸԼӾ
Ѿ̭һţǱʮͳ㳡ͬʱҲأǴϢǴϢǾͲ̭ôˣǽط
ţÿһˣƽСʱһСʱһ


211  ڶ
ȥˣֵͩˣֻͩҪ̤ǰһ׼̤ͨݵʱȴһλ˵㣬£
ͩɻ󲻽⣬˹ȥͨߵһߣÿλáλԱߣվˣֻʮˣͩʮˣЩһͬ㣬ȫʥ򼶵Ϊ
ľ׵˿ʼʵͨˡ
Сʱ֮󣬶ľ׵˳صǶûһ˱̭
һһ֮ͨµŶˣ̭һ֮⣬ֻʣͩȶʮʥš
ˣֵˡλʾ
һȺʥţһ£ԭΪ֮ԱгԹصģġ
ǼȻʥǾͲܺռһ׼κˣһصĿ顣צˡ
ǣˡһʥӦɢߵͨݵĵһǰ
ϰɡצͷ
ʮʥţͩڣһʱ̤˽ݡ
̤Ͻݵͬʱһѹ٣ͬʱһصڳͩʶ
û˺ֻ꣬ڳͩʶ˺ֺͩ
־Ƿ赲ͭǮ˷ӦȻֻ޸ѺۣѾ

䱦ͩʶͨͭǮе
ƶɵӣܹʿ־ʶԡҽƾԼͨ䱦óе̵ġֱĿΪҹΪԽ߿ȾԽǿ
ãͩҲԼĻˡ
ͩŲͣʼһһʵǣٶȲҲͬʱҲҧš
ʶνļеĽϣʧȥʶһ׳ա
־һʶ֮־ڳ֮ǰûжõģǳ֮־൱Ҫˡ
Ծָһ˵Ը񣬶ʿ˵ԼǳɳأΪʼߣ죬ɾΪԲϸ񣬻ûдﵽ۷Ŀԡ
ֻҪ㹻ԴͻƵ񾳽粻ѣϾͻˣܹԼԡǽɽƸģơԲУ㡣ȱһһѡţдкΪͨ񣬶ϣܹ֮ﵽλԪľ硣
⣬ľ˵ʶ־ԡ
ʶסͻԡ
־סҲͬ¡
Բأͨͨݡ

ֻͩҪҧסʶ־ĳˣԷ棬ͩǿĵطΪѾ֮һѾԶͬõĵزͨҲһʤù
һٽסٽסٽס
ͩٶԽԽ죬ͬʱ֪Ϊʲôʶ־ܵĳȴԽԽСͩΪ֡
ʱͩѾԽʮʥһٶϡ
뻹ڲ󣬵ȵͩȫͨͨݵʱ򣬾һʥţٽ׵ĳ̶ȡ
צͩٶȣɵôһ漴һʵղǸСӻ˶ʱ䣿
ķ롣ҲΪȡ
ӣȻûƼ¼ҲŽǰʮˣϣܹͨڶغ͵ءצͩϣϸӶͩı¶ϣ˵൱ϸ
צڿ֮Ҳɵ̾겻ʥʱȻ־ʶԶˣֻҪͨأ˱Ȼ߲ӡ
ͩվͨݣ澹Ȼһ޴ƽֻ̨㳡ҪСöࡣ
ƽ̨ͷϰ¥¥֮ʮƵĻͽݣֱͨɽɽԿһ̳Ĵڡ̳֮ϣΰޱȵ

ʮʥţ䵽һλҲûзӲҧһСʱŵһǧ׵ͨݣ̤ͨݵһɲǼ䣬ڵأҵشϢţ·𾭹һսһ㡣
צһüͷûж˵ʲô˵ϲǣͨ˵һأǵڶصĿ顣
צָЩ¥˵һٶʮ¥󡣵һؿǵʶ־ԣڶؿľǵԣ
ڶصĿ飬צû
ÿһ¥ͬʱһˡȥ֮ÿ˶ǹƽģʥռҲãÿһ˶ʱ䡣֮ڣ겻ɿ飬Ҫ̭һ˲ѡֻʣʮ̭˽֮һǱԸǣһʵ򵥵ģһرȵһظѣһҲҪˢ֮һϣܹ¼צ˵ڣȵõϢһ˿ʼν¥
һһǧ˽˸¥˭Ҳ֪¥ľ忼ʲô
һ죬ûκζ¥֮ƽ̨յأٶŶץʱϢԼ״̬
ͩ˿̵״̬ǳ֮ãΪͨݲûжͩ״̬κεӰ졣
Щʵͨݵʱ򣬱ֵüΪѵˣ̶ͬȵ⵽˴ڵ״̬ǳ⡣

״̬κһ˵ǷǳҪģӰһ˵ķӡʱһ˵״̬ãܹӳٷ֮һٶʮ״̬õĻֻܷӰٷ֮߰ʮ
ڶȴӸ¥֮˳ϴ˷ܵЦݣȻǰͨ˿顣
˵죬ԽԽ࣬˶ŲõЦݡ
˻ϲȻ˳
һûг˶¥˳һػڸ¥ſάǲϸʽ̭
̭˶ǧˣ˵൱Ĳпᡣ
вŮǱͷʹޣе̱ڵأͣȭͷŵ棬ûڶֲĵطйš
ϧһж޷أǽȵѡν֮󣬱һһͻĴ½
֮һ̭ʣ֮ǰһص̭ʸߣҲˡ
ڶ˱ѡ˳ʼ½¥
ڴʱצͻȻǶʮˣڶѡǴӵһٶʮŸ¥롣
˵꣬һץһţͽͩȶʮʥŶ˾ԶĵһٶʮŸ¥ſڡ
ֻͩһɴϮ˲ѹͩзӦȻֻǰһѣΣһ¥ſڡ
ʵͩӿһУ漴ָо㱻ͩˣͩĶ־ֻ֮·һ׶Σյ㡣ͬģ¥ˣֹԼ֮·

֣ߣǽȥǰͩļһ£е
֣¾һˡ΢΢һЦԾ̤ͩ˸¥
ͩЦһ£ķƾк˵λˣһ漴ͩҲ̤˸¥
̤¥һ˲䣬ͩͱ͵һ֮С
ֻƽףǺܴ󣬵ȴ൱ߣߴʮס
˴ʮӣһͶӰͩ档
ˣѡƷȭָȷһϵ
ͩѡ˽
ѡʦʦս
սɡͩȻһʦֲǵʦߵĻ֮УûеʦʦӲҪ˵ĻʦʦļϾߡ
ټϣͩʱľȻҲȴԶȲ
սʼ˽ÿʱʾһ飬֮ڣûߣ̭֡ϵսûãεͶӰоͳһѽͶӰ
ֳֳʼһ׽
׽û֣ҲûгֻӰʾһ飬ֻʮУʽ࣬ʽı仯ȴ٣ûнĿھֻʽҪо裬ɲһѡ

ͩóһѳʼϰʮнͩһ۾ͼͨϰ֮󣬽ϣͩѾ߰˰ˣֻһЩϸ΢ѵı仯ͩûա
Ȼֻģ½ܹأҪо裬ʲôно裿ʵܼ򵥣ǽ⣡
˵ˣҪ̺֮ĳһַ»ĳһַµİ仯
ʱһһţ׽ͩҲһһ飬䷳ϰš򵥣в࣬ʱͩ˰ٱϡ
ʱȥˣͶӰһγֳֳ֣һղŵһ׽
ڶοͩҪ̵öˣΪѾѧ׽ҪĲǽУҲǱ仯ǽƣ
һ׽̺Ļô⽣ͿԴϿһֽơ
ͺĵһʽֳУкΪһʽĽƾǽʽͩһʽ֮˼¡
֮һʽһ壬ûб֡
ͩҪľںϽУ齣ơ
ڶͶӰʧˡ
ͩԭأһͣ˴Űʱ¶һı飬һתһղ׽ǶǵĽͩʹ˳

һ׽ֻʮУ
ͩ׽֮ûְͣ׽˳һһ飬ֱʱ׽˱仯ȵһ׽Ƕˡ
һ׽ʽ͸٣ֻʮУ
ʱͩе׽ֻʮУ
ⲻǺҵĴܸģѹ
ͩѹԭֻʮеĽ
Ҫ֪ѹУɲѹͿѹģҪԸý㹻̵裬Ҫ׽ϵĽ
ʲô񼶽ɼ˵ֻͨɵ֮еֵͨòôϸ£ִ֮СֻΪ弶¼𡢵һںϷĸ
ѹһ񼶽ҪľҪͨ׽ʽʽ仯Ȼѹ
Щ߸ϵͨ־ܹһа彣һа彣ȥĻȴԣҪֲһа彣ʹϵѶȼСǴ󲿷ְ彣ˡ
ⲻȫеҲ²ʿһһԴȻȵԴ֮˴ﵽһĸ߶֮ٽȫںϵһ
ʱֹһʱͩ׽ѹ˰У
ͶӰٴγ֣ʼˡ
ʱ䣬һʮʱʮʱÿʱһ飬ʮ˱顣ʮ˱֮󣬻޷ɹĻͻᱻ̭ˣʱ൱ţɲͩר־


212  
ͩøרģ˿̵Ѿһж£ȫĵͶС֮ͩӷͬʱԺ֮Ҳڲͣݻѹ̽Žİء
ͩùöĹǻ۾ԶˣȻͬ죬ڵıʼ֮ǰͩѾѹУ
ıʼˣʱѾȥ˰졣
ʵҪҪ֮ڣһ׽ľ裬൱ѣʱ൱ؽš
һԽԽѡ
ͩȴ⣬׽ͩѾѹУΪӽԴˣԽǽӽͩԽǸоһϤС
ڵڰ˸ʱȥʼʱͩ˳ؽѹУԽԽ죬ԽԽѸ١
ֻһܹɹʮнѹԭΪһУһҲѵһ
ʼˣͶӰǻе趯ŽͩУ˿ͶӰĶޱȵػÿһϸ΢Ķͩǰ֣ޱȵϸ΢ĶһһζС
֮ͩվԭһڲͣػطŸղŵһĻͩͫȫûκν㣬ϸȥطһӰڲָͣĽУеʱͬһнֱ仯еʱֱ仯Ϊ򵥵һ̻һ

һվʱʱȥˡ׼ʱؿʼˣͬһ׽ûκθı䡣
ͩ˫˽㣬ʮͶӰͩУеĽл۳һǾ
ͩʶؾеĳʶľһĶǡǡʶضнȫѹΪһУһоһ̺ɽѵζǴ˽ľڣ
ʱʮʱϲ㣬ɹͨڶؿ顣
ͩ˹˸¥Ĵ֪ͨ
漴һų֡
ͩͶӰȭһת߽˹š
ǰһ䣬ͩѾڸ¥ǰ
֮ڣֻҪܹ߳ģͨڶؿˡ
̤ͩһ˲䣬һҲ˳
ͩϵôˣǶʮʥеһˣҲǵڶͨһص
ؿͩһ̧ۣ˹һӵ˵ǿ仰֣ϧˡ
ͩͩѺõһֻ˵
ͩһۣû֣ͩתƽ뿪ˡ
ͩһ£漴εЦһ£Ȼذַаǹİͩˣô˻ǵһμ

ͩһյأ˹붨֮²Ųʡ
ľ׵˻ŶӽյڶصĿ飬ʱҲûйͩʲôǶͩӸ¥ˣ˳ͨ˵ڶء
ȻܹͩͨôҲܣ
ҪΪһǿߣûмᶨûնηľģǾԲܵġ
߹ǧ˽֮צ˵ڶؿˣͨ߿ԻϢˡ̭µȴָʾ
ǣˡӦ
ͩһ뿪˴˵أϢȥˡ
һغ͵ڶصĿ˵κ˵൱ƽġΪͩʥ򼶱⣬⣬ҲǼϵ⣬ѶȱռҪһЩ˵һصĿ飬ʥŵѶȾҪռҪ
ȻûʲôǴҶղˣرȻǿʵˣһصĿĶʥЩƣΪǵʵȷʵҪռҪǿϲֹһ
óϣʥ򼶵žҪö࣬Ϊһغ͵ڶصĿûһ˱̭ȫͨ˿飬Ҫ֪ʥ֮ͨͨûϢڶصĿ飬ⱾǶǵһֿѶȵļӴ
Ҳռ޻˵Թһ䶼Ҳɡ
һѡεצȷʵ˾ԵĹƽ͹

ͩصᣬתͽ֮С
үôˡں͹һҩͩٵһ̣ǷˡΪͩûΣҲҪΡ
ѡνеˣԶɵͩߣõһޱȵͨ
Ѿͨ˵һغ͵ڶأؿҪŻῪʼͩһ»شΪǱޣһһǧˣ졣ٶţҲҪһʮҡ
̫ˣŮ˵ؽеΪͩ˳ضˡ
ȥΪ׼Եģ̺ԡ¡̯ͩ˫˵
ǣүĵӦϲ̺ͩʳˣҪͩԵõζΪ֮࣬ҲŬרгա
ͩദ˼꣬Ҳǰһ㺦ˣҲȷʵͩһذͩôѾϰ̺ͩԼΪŮҸ
ܿ죬ͩͳȪˮ֮УҲͬˮΪͩðĦõĲ˫֣Ƿ˫ء
н˰ͩȡЦ
ⲻý̵úҲһɫǡϸ
ô㲻ϲ𣿡ͩѹ棬סͷ˹ǰ˫壬̰غŮ㡣

е鼮أԽǼƷŮӣԽŨ֮裬㣬ͬҲУǶߵֲͬζ͸ܡ
ͩɴؾںˮҲҪйͷɡϾţʮʥžҪ˵ûаѹǾƭ˵ġ˽⵽ǿƣǿʢޱ֮ͩӿԼܹѸٵǿЩѹ˵пתΪħ
̬ͩһֱٵ÷ǳãΪԭ򣬸Ϊλ֪ǣͩԷſһףޱߵȻռ֮УԭʼĿֺ;İǣҡ
Щԭʹͩһֱֵƽͣûһŵƫͷ񡣶ǡǡͩԣʹͩɵͻͽΪһһ
밮ˮ齻ڡ
ʱһξȥˣͩһֱ֮Уû벽
ֱ㲥֪ͨλѡ֣Ǻ˵ͨؿĿ飬һ飬ͬʱҲпϾĿ顣ͨؿ̭Ȼһʮֻ֣֮ѡǧˡǣ磬ͨƽ䵽ǧ֮УȻÿһֻʣһˣǱѡеǧ֮һ

ȻˣزпĿ飬ǰȣһ̭֮һڶ̭֮һ
һʮ֮ѡǧ֮ѡһ̭İپʮˡ
׼һСʱ֮硣㲥֮е
㲥ʱͩ͹˫ޣϣһߣѩ׵Ľ͸һĨ֮µ̺졣
Ϊͩر𿪷ϵԹ㲥ԴȻռ䣬˫޵ĶˣԼһԴϢϢһ
ţһҪȥμӵصĿˣţϰԣһ߽ͩӺ淢ĳһߴϢѵ
޷ʱ䣬Ѳҡͩŵ˵ҲԽԽ죬ԽԽҡ
ȷʵţ˵ؿ֮УһضͩɾǵˡΪͩʥΪվżŷһɱĻô·˭ֻһһʥվżŷһɱĻͺǰһֻǷŽȦһ㣬ٶ࣬Ҳвǡ
Ϊʲôʥţܹٷ֮ٵͨˣΪѡе˶
νġ͡ϲΪǿ̵ƣǵʵϾ͵ͨˡ

ͩˬش˳ջ˱߽֮Уʶϡ
֣ͩΪǰص֣رǧѡ֮һ׼ѡͷߣٹӣϵͳʽΪ㰲֣Ҫǲֶ̭ǣ̭߱ǻͺܼҵܡ
ͩ⻰֮󣬿Կ϶ǣͬʮʥҲѡ֣ôѡֶվżˣҪӰվż֮ѡǧŰٶѡ֣Ҳ൱ѵˡ
ͩҲ֪ѡֲһߣͬҪɱͺһ㣬һȺŷһǻɱֱʣһˣ˱Ȼǿģ˺ֶΣֻҪܹӱǿġ
ͩѡóõıռʿֻѡƷߣʥȴѡƷߡһƷһʱʥǿߵƾֳˣһأϲ㲢ûΪȥʥǿߵơ
ԭʥΪټƷװʵǿ
һͩ˲䱻͵һ¥õĶ¥ȥԶһƬڰհΧһ
򣺲ȡһֶɱоߣʱ䣺ʮ졣˵һڱ֮еĳз棬ΧʼϵرκڰԨ̭֡ͩӵϵͳʾϸࡣ

Ȼ̭Ϸв֮Ĺʮ֮ڲж̭ͩҲᱻ̭һڶܵڰԨͩҲᱻ̭ܾϵͳһƽ⣬ҲЩռΨһܹսʤͩķǰͩڰԨ
һߣзվżŽӵͬʾһӵ˸עע⣬ѡ֣ʥͩ򡣡
֪ͩעռŶ֪ͩĴڣҶɵʥ֣ԲܵġʥʿС飬ʵС顣
з沢󣬶ҺڰڴӷܿʼɣҪ˱зĿ£
ͩվڸ¥֮ϣӸµɨһȦ˶ʮʿӰ
ͩһһռűƽ
ʥͩռŷͩΪ֮󣬴һɫѿ
ʶңͩɻ󲻽⡣
ߣҪɱңûôףʥҲ壡ϾͨؿľӢţԼͬΪš
Уɱʿηͩȷ˹


213  һ
ʿӰͩ߷Χ֮ʧգۼѸ͵Ĺͩ
ͩͷ˷սϵķ֣Ʒߵķ֣Ȼûȫ¶ԷľУȴҲΪͩӮ㹻תʱ䡣
ͩתɲǣû顣
ʽ
һ֮
ʿ˵ʧˡ
ͩޱ飬һĿȥ
ɵ;̾һϮͩӦ죬һס⣬漴ʶһɨҵ͵Ϯ֮ˡ
һͩʶ˶ָֽ֣һһߴСɽڷɳֱʡ
ͩ͵Ϯ֮ϳͩʧɫ֮£˲תܽС߻ΰ˻εӿˡ

һӲԶʹһҽС漴ǱߴСǸ˻
ûдƽõɵ̫Զٷɻ̫鷳ˡͩһ˦䣬ջ˷ɽһĿꡣ
ͩɴſʶʶȻ˵ݾߣͩԶɱ൱ˣýҲɱˡ
˵ʶһɨ̾ͷƴɱĿꡣ
ɵǣʶɨȻٷΧ󣬿ͬģʶԴ֮еʿԼͬͣƴɱ
ͩˣЩһﻹСġ
򽣾ͩһΪԶˣҾû취ǳһͨ

ɽһصϹ⣬ʵɫಡһΪһâʣ׹ڰ֮бɢâһ㣬ֳ¡ֹӰ򽣾Ϊ򽣾
ͨһʶΧ֮ڣǽ긲ǵķΧͩڵľ绹ͣڵһ磬ӰʮΪ档
ͬķ򣬸Զǧ֮Զýٶס
£ʿֲȻ׼
쿴ϡѹͷʱ˵һˡ
£׳ޱȡ
Ҫ㿪ѾˣֻҪȫȥ
ףôû£
ĳ˴󵨵سŽ˷֮⡣
ɶϵˣǻ⽣꿴ȥޱȣҿڵϣԵʵ쳣ʵϣЩȫ޹ԡ
˭ˣǣ˵䣬ֵԪҲ߳ҡ
䣬Ǹ˵ű㱻ͩһӵйĽ£˺˷֣˷أҽһʧ
˵Ķ֣һλʿͬһУ֧һϢȻƿ˷նɱ
ͬ飬Ҳ⣬Ʒߣټͩʥʩչɱռţò˵ڶ
οóʿͲࡣ

Сʱ̭ͩ˰˸֡
֪ͩǣԶʮ֮һֿвʿۼһһֳһּ̽ͩɱƵеĳͬӳ˳
ôҶˣͩɲһˣյϢڷͻʥ꣬ڵһغ͵ڶصı쳣ʣһֻӲͨһǧ׵ͨݣڶظǵһ͹س˵ʵҶˣԶսսԾͨطҲ쳣Ȼ˾˶ַ£ٴ˵ʵԶ֮ϡĽջϵ
֪ͩԭ볡֮ǰѡװʱ򣬿ѡµԶ״ǡֶ֪ͩοණңҵôأ
֮УͩʶΧѹ˷Բǧ׵ķΧȻֻͩҲͬѹʶΧվżΧֻͩһѡΪΧڣѹʶΧǺʮڽ⡣
ͩԵõ̲㣬˵½֮ϵգƼʹϣ̫ԡ
ĽһƼˮƽȷ½ٱϵĴ½

˳Ĭһ֮
ʥʿʵòŻɣҶǳԴ½ţĸṳ̂뷨֮ţһ̤ͬ뷨֮ŵʥţʵʤκһʮϡֻһ˿ϣʤˡĽ׿˵
ʾ֮˵ڰԨ̭֣ҲزҪɱֻͩ轫ڰԨǾ´󼪡
ţ֮䱾޳ޣֻȣҶѵõĻᣬһͬĵˣֻ̭ͩǲпܽɱҲֻͩ
ãͬ⣡
Ҳͬ⣡

ڳ˶ףɵͩǿĵˣˣ˭Ҳߡ
ãҶͬˣǾͷͷ£ǷֳһȥϵͬһӳȥѰһʺϵսú󷨣һͩ٣ҪʱҪӺͩǵĲõĽ׿˵
֮󣬴־ϳǵ׼ˣи˾ְʦǿ󷨣ЩУʦֻ࣬ˣǵĹ
ΪֵʱҪ죬˵Ļ˽ûʱ䡣

ͩ½ɵʮˣûзѶΪڵʵԶʤ꣬ռţһһоɱ
һȥˣͩϵѾʮ֮࣬˵Ѿɱˡ
ڶ죬磬ͩȻһҲûʵ̫ˡ
ͩˣɴ಻ˣ죬С֮ϣʱһ׼ѡͩʵżռžԵơɱôˣͩﻹ֪һ֮ʱ˶յϵͳʾ
ͩףԼĴڱȻɺܴѹпѹ֮£ʣµ˴󲿷ֶԸԼ
£ͩӲżˣΪѹڱϣֲԼϡ
Ȼͩϣһ磬ʮռʿһͬǰ
Ľףʸ¿ͩĽԹˣҲһֱʣò
ڿϳˣҲգԼսİɣͩصͷӦ
ĽһĨ֮ɫ漴ͷصûдʱ䣬һۣ˵գóһս飬˾ͩߣ
ãϣǲҪʧͩЦЦ˵һʮ˺ȲĶӣмƲһ졣

ͩս飬սдžĵص㡣
ͩӵս飬ص㻺ȥ
һͩ˿̵״̬ѾﵽѣʱԱǿս
һʱ䲻ͩͷپص㣬һҵ㳡С۵ľǹ㳡еһ޴ѷ죬ɢһĺڳ
ͩаȻˣǵǲɵȻܹҵôһڰԨ
ףȻ󷨣һ
һǾ󷨣Ȼûںϵӣһͷų൱вġ
һһİʮˣ˵ѾˡǵվλҲнõǾӵվλܹȺսǿ
ܺãǿܹҵôˣ֪ΰ쵽ģͩʵҪ֪˺þòҵʮ˶ѡ
õԶ״ǣж֣Χһ¿Ƽ֮һĽóһһĶش
ԭˡͩȻȴƣԼȻûѡһɱʧ㰡һǵһǣԺٳĿˣĿƼƷʱһҪŪһá

ͩ漴Цݣ˵λͬΪ˸Եǰ;ĳǲģɡ
ɡһռŵʮؽе
ͩſһֱŵӴѹѹһǿҵ쫷磬ͩܵĽ洵ɢʹΧĿռӿ㡣
һǶܵǿѹѹǵ米صһ㣬˵Сһ
ռͷԼѹҪͩ⣬ʵϣֻˣͩѹڲϵİʮռŵѹһҲ޷ͩһ˵ѹ
ǲ࣬ǳԵĲࡣʥռ֮Ĳֲܹ࣬ġ˵ͩЩ֮Ĳʵ̫ˡ
⣬ʥ򼶵ѹ𣿡˾еʥʿǲûмǼʥʿѹûֲġ
ԽǾѹȻԽǸߵȡͩѹϻͨʥʿ˶٣ͩ˾תԪ֮ȴԶѰʥʿ
󣡡Ľ׹˲ˣϽ˿󷨣ȥľҪصشҲٴˣֱˡ

󷨿ͩѹ⡣
ͩɡĽ׵˸˷֮ɫͩһ̤̤׼õ塣
ͩЦˣֻ߾𳤽ȼܻ棬ʵɫȫһѹ
һһ̺˻֮£𡢷աҡ±һʽںһ
⣬ں£ֹ򡭡ʦżؽе
ǣѾˣ˵ûܹˣΪһʵ̫Եˡ
ߵӰΪһѹ
ܽѹǾ󷨣ֻѹǶȣһ󷨾ͳܲסͩĽѹòҲƽÿѹǶȣһ󷨱ƿνı
κ󷨶Ա˴汩ƿȻĴСһԽǿ󷨣ȻԽƿ
Ȼͩǰ㲻̫ǿͩƽķΧ֮ڡ
ֲͩǣԼռݾԵƲ٣ҲûбҪӢһͷײ˼ҵĲõԵ֮ȥ
Ľ׵˹ӪһʶӢӢۻӢ۵ĳΪͩͬӢһ֮УȺ
ӢۣͩУͺɵûжӢۣͲǡֻһߣͨߣΪΪԼ룬Լ֮ڲ£ͩչһ¼档ԲִһӢۣΪǰ缯ը֮£ͩһӢûк³֪
ͩϣӢΰģеģֵþصġͩȴϲԼһӢۣͩаϲа֮ҡڣԼ顣
˵ڣͩԼƣԼ˶ƴֱֳͩգصػٵǰЩ󷨡


214  ȫ
֮£ǱҿͣǱƳ֮ѡռʦõ󷨣ϿɱͨʥʿʦԽսǲʵͩͨʥʿͩĽЩֵܹļޡңͩû󣬶֮⣬
󷨣ֻһĹȫ
ɶûбѡˣֻܺƴˡƴɣĽŭǿڰԨһܹﵽĿġ
󷨲ָˣ˼Ҳϵʲô취ֻӲƴˣ
İʮվżʿʦȷ𹥻ʣµʦǷ׷װֳԼıͩ
ͩһͥһ㣬ֳֳӭһȺʦٿɽӭԶʦ˫¡
һĶ֮ͩ˺þòСɣƴ˫ʱͩͿʼϰһĶ֮ȻȲôףͬʱٿһһԶѱû⡣
ţͩųʩչǰʽ֮ǿȺֻ֮Уְٶٻţ˫ɲ֮䣬ٶΪŵһ˽һ˵صһɨǰĴƬʿ
ã㿪Ľ׵˽ǾӢţ￴һеĿ£ֺƴݵ
򽣾ɽҲʹֻͩ粻ֻͣڵһ磬һ򽣾ֻ赲һЩʦѣɱģֻеʮ
ͬһʱʹطҲֻͩ㷨һĶãŻڿԲٿԲʩչ

㿪ˣͩһƺɽХһѸͣͲվżʿܹÿģͩһַ̺£֮ǿҲͬվżʿܹ˵ġ
һ֮£ٶʦ˰˳ɣΪǺܲɵľͩ档
ӣʣµʦǣֻһ·ˡ
ͩʵ̫ǿˣһоɱ˽һʿ
ھԵǰƶһգֻһ·ˡ
ܣôףͩ򽣾һһóҲĲΪһŲ̤鲽̤ͨ鲽ͬһԶ׷ĲڴΧŲƣһ֮䣬Ժ磬ռɣɲǼʮԶ
ͩѧã׷ЩվżʿС˼
ţͩһ粽׷һȺʿǰ棬תһţ񱩵ĺХֱûȺʮҵʿ
ͩĴ׷ɱæòɿ
˰СʱʣµȫӳͩΧ
ϧǼԶ״֣ܵЩ˶Լˡͩ˵
ڴʱһֱƾճ֣ͬʱһͩ𣺡ƾһ̭֮룬һ

Ȼ˵̭ǰٷ֮ٵĹƽڰԨĴڣΪ˶ͩʵѡ֡ǵѡһ˸ɵһһϵ֣ôʣµĸ޷вˣʱЩʣµѡֻѡʱ䣬бͬھ뷨
ʮ֮ڣֻҪԼţǲͨˣҲñ֮ͨ뷨ʿȻ٣ϵͳͻԤֲĳƤ¼
ֱͩμӷ½̭ʱӵеĲֱֻ࣬Ҫϸö࣬еĵͼڡֱͩʵӶ٣ֻǷͩѰЩʿ
̤Ьٴȫѹ򡣡ͩסǿֱŴ˱ʼһһĿ꣬նɱЩӵСʿ
Щʿֻ࣬һˣʦֻʮ඼ʦ
ͩһԶ֮£Щͩһ󾳽ǣǵסͩĹһһɱ
һЩʵǿֵʿ޷ɱҲӲͩ׷
̶ǳ˳ټʱţеڲͣͩŰЩǱ˷Ķһһҳ

ֻʣͩһ˵ʱ򣬺Ȼ֮䳡ãһƽ̨ľצ
ϲ㣬ͩͨؿ飬ǧ֮һڿϢȵһн֮ǧ˻зɡצǽӲ¶һȿ޻ҪѿֵЦ˵
лˣˡͩȭ΢΢һ
ȥɣú׼պ󣬻һսצǳͩһ䡣
ͩˣ֮˳ֹһս
ͩһ֮С
Ȼռ֮ڣ͹綼ڴ£һǰҹֱͩϢ֣ŮŴ붨֮˹¥֮ӭ˳
үˣôˣŮһĵʵ
һ˳Ѿͨأǧ֮һͩЦ
̫ˡ͹һۣĵؽе
צ˵֮󣬻һսͩû˵˳ǰŷһ
һսţϲĻӦҪֳǧ֮еǿûȼصȻܹעѩһӾͲ³˸а

ͩգҲΪͬصͷҲ²Ҳˣǲ֪νصΡȻѾһһսһǲģұʿֱǰηգ
죬үȥү׼óԵȥ˵תȥæˡ
̺ͩԡ£ΪͩĦⷦ
ôŮⷽķֹȷԭһ˼Ҫ̺ͩԡ£ҪΪͩ׼Ƽȣ˵Ƿ
һͩðȪ֮Уһ̺ţͶƼȣȥ¶̤ˮ
үûнˮ棬Լʧȥƽ⡣
ͩ˿ʲôҲû룬ſڼܽ檵̡
һɱ¾ϵ֮˵һɻѹѷʽ
οͩŮ˫޵ͬʱҲӱ˴˵Ϊͻۡ
˴֮ҲڽŸԵķ
޼˫֮֮ԱղڡԪ屦䡷֮УΪ׹ڲ֮ϣų֮ĺôܹʹ˫޵Ů˫˴˵ķҲ˵ͩ£ͨ˫֮Ըֱ۵ʾ͹翴ķҲֱܹͬ۵ʾͩ

ͩĺ˶֮ŮӣǸԾһŲͬķ򣬵ȵ˫֮ʱͩͿɡ
൱ͬʱַǺεȱ̬£˵ˣ󹬼ǧٶȻӱ̬
ֻͩǧ̫һЩͩûǿЩ
һ죬ͩӵ˼λѴѶϢľסƽӢɹػǧ֮һֻҦƼ̭ˣڵ֮б̭ģǿϧ
ľ׵˵ûбʥʿڵ֮ٶͬʿ֮ӱò˵൱˵¡
ʵľ׵ҲͩĴ̼ЩĽǳ죬ʵҲ÷ǳѸ٣Ϸŵʱÿһ˶ϵʵ򲻿п̭֮ӱ
ȶԣʥʿĴ½ʿʵȻͬ׵ҪǿһЩΪгصѹ˭ҲǿģΪǰһҪǲ׷ϵĿ꣬ʹǲиֻʮٱŬ׷Ŀꡣ
£еĴ½һûУеĴ½ռⶼǿġϾޣֻǧɴ½ȴʮǧ٣д½֮ڵʿ

Ħ˾Ͳҵر̭ˣеĸûнؾͱ̭ˣеڵرǿǿ̭
ʤ̭Ȼ㲻ķ
ʮȥˣ̭̭Ľʿ½ͻظԵĴ½߱ԴߵĸԴ֮йǱޡ
ѡԺĳɾͿº뱻ѡǧᲢˡȻЩ̭ˣҲͬľӢǶ뿪֮ʱõһŸ߼֮պһ˳ĻɾǲģûоǺһˡ
ʵȱ˵൱ӴģΣͨٶ࣬һԪͨ󲿷ֶֻ䡣
µǧѡˣǵĳɾҲϡҲ˵ǶǱ
Ȼ֮Ҳͬ;䣬ֻҪܹ֮ʮ֮һǶ˵Ҳ൱֮ġ

һ֮ͩӵ֪ͨ硣
ƽ̨֮ϣǧվġ
צվڰУһ챻ѡеǣ˵ǽڲ֮󣬱磬ʽСڴ֮ǰҪףԴޣˣԣ֮нһηּǧˣǻѡǰʮǰʮǰǰȼ㼶ǰʮǵһȣǽпܵõϵǿΪӡǰʮΪڶȣ֮УвҲܰϵǿ£ҪԵˡǰǰΪȺ͵ĵȣпܰĳλ¡ʣµľǵˣȻȵҲҪ٣ΪĵȽǲ̶ģÿһʱ䣬ǽᱻȵʿŬδûпһȣһȵи׷ϣǱֻбһȼпһٽ
צĻ˵൱ֻ֣Ǿǡ
һ죬Ӷ£ӶצҪ˵һŵĹ
󳬼йԼÿһ촫дѡѡʿ
Ӷһѡţʮǰôõʱ䣬һʿˣǳΪϵǿߡʿͣڰ׶ΣĻ׼
Ϊ׶ѵĸʱڣһ׶ΣܹԼͬʱճɾпֱ߽񣬽ǿİ˽Ž


215  ǰʮ
˶ɵνǰʮѾǶʮʥǿ߸Բˣֻȥǰʮ֮еΡ
ڣǰصıԼԵ䡢ʵȵȷ棬ѾΪΪΣǳΣι֮˲ָսսֻһսᣬսʧβ䣬սʤñսߵΣͬʱԼսֱʧΪֹһλվ˳
ʵܼ򵥣鷳һ㣬⶷䳡ڣǾͷöˡ
ǧ˵˳ڵһλģͩ
ڵڶλģҲͩһʯʥš
ֻͩڵͩǳ棬Լ겻ʥʿسɼȻֻڵ
ͩҲһ֪֮ˣȥƽֻ̫࣬ҪԼǰʮ֮ռһλþˣһ̫˳ˣΪǧ˷սء
Ѿռǰʮʯͩκ涫׽ܡ֮¡㡣
ʱʱ俼ǣѡԼҪսĶȻͨеһλ䡣
ǧʽͬʱÿһ˵
ͩƽƵһ£оԼҲˣսսһҲûйѡ

ͩӵ˵սʮλʥŽͨۡʮѪӡڶʮ
֮ͩпһű񣬱սսʱ䣬ұ֮Уһսϵѡ֮ͩ£㿪˽ͨ۵ϡ
ۣͨУ겻XX½ңţĳ֪ΪʦʥһΪϰ
ѪӣУİ겻XXϰ̫ŽʥһΪʵǿɢ޳
Уİ겻ٴ½ٵңϰطһҹ꣬辫
ͩЩ򵥵ϣаԳ˼ţ֮УֵͩעľѪӣȻҲ޵̫Ž
ν̫ŽָԶ֮ͩϰķֻǿһ֮һ˵ͩһ˵ĹܹԶ֮
ɵҪ־ѡͻռʼľؽ٣֮˥ǶԲעֻķݡ
һȣر˳֮һ֮⣬һжݡ
ͺⷽѾݲߵĴڡ
ϰʵȷʵҪҪǿöࡣ

ţʱ䰲ŵ÷ǳɰһһ˾ܹסλˡͩ
׼𣿿ʼצ
䣬гǧ˱뿪ˡ
֮ͩһͩĵһ־ǽͨۡ
˵㳤ڽָ̡ͨۿͩĵһ仰䡣
롣ֳֳͩ˴֮以һ񣬻ӽȥ
ͨҲʾгȻͩ˹ȥ
ͩǰ裬ò̧񵲡
ؽ𣬽ͨһڷ֮£ֵ˻ȥ
ʱͨѾ˹;֮нӽ
Ǻӣ
һһ貵Ǻӣͩɡ
ͩ˲ʧǺ֮У԰ΣʧС
£ͩȻԴС
֮£ͩ˽һֱϣһľ
⻮У˳Ǻ֮һӣͩ˳
һǰʽ֮һ
˵ʱ٣ʱ죬ӽͨһǺӵͩһľ˳ǰ󲻹Ϣ
ýͨ۸޵ܹһƿԼĽĻҲںµĽ
Ǻӵң
ͨ۵ĵڶ׷Ϯ
һͩе·ʹòִ֮Ӳ
ͩ޿ɶ㣬Ҳûд㡣

ʽ
һǰʽ֮б仯ӵһľ֮
ǿǿײ
䣡
񱩵ѹ˳˿
ͩͽͨ۶˶Ŀ־ȡ
ͩȵǽͨ۵һȻںֽ⣬һ׽ҲǼΪ£ͩס
ͨ۾ȵͩȻڲִ֮ԼɱһӾȵͩһԼҪһֽ⡣
Ͽǲ£ʵϽͨԼȻѷһ
ԷԼһֽ⣬Ҳδܹȡʤ
ͨһͩҵУǺӷ籩
ʱĽͨһһǿ͵ķ籩ͩС
⣬һʵ̫Եˡ
ͩ벻ͨ۱Լٶһֽ⣬ɱȴȻ˾в
޿ˣ޿ɶľ档
ͩ˿Ե൱ԷĽ֮ͩľǿ
һ̣ͩ򲢲ֻнɵʿӵа׵Ľͬ١
ӢĽԴƾžޣڽϱȲͩϰġǽͨ۵ĽڲϾڰӢĽ֮ϣһ׽Աֳǿ̡

٣
һǰʽ֮йؼ汸һͬʱҲǰʽ֮УΨһŷĽС
ͨһͩסΣ˿̵ͩҲ˲ʲô׾ˡ
٣
һǰʽɽʽ仯
ǰʽǿƵס˽ͨ۵Ǻӷ籩֮󣬺ʽƿԷĽУֱͨҪ
һǺ顣
ͨ۵ӰǱصɶء
㾹ȻƵҵǺӷ籩ͨȻֻںֽ⣬ǾǺӽʩչеڵһк͵ڶ֮ܺϡ
ͩҡҡͷͩҡͷڷ
һʽͩӰ˲ʧһ⣬ͨ۸ովҪʩչǺӽĵʽɾ˲䣬ͩĽѾˡ
ͨһţôܣ˻Ϊʧˡ
ͩʤһս
֮гͩҲѣԭܹһģΪʲôԼԵǱأ
ãõ֣ࡱ
ͩԼһʼ˶ֵĽ֮Уһʼͱñأûа취ҪǶںؽ»һرǣߣرʧ佣¶пܡ

ڶӭսѪӵʱֳͩеĻᡣ
ϧѪӾͺһֻͩ޴ʹ
ѪӻŵѪӰ硣
ͩߵѪӰûиԷɰ˺
ΪϹŽͩа̾ѪӰ·һ㣬룬ˮ֣һɱͨ۵Ľʽǰ˿á
ͩһִڴӵĸо
ͩСıһѪӰۣ̱ɷֽѪ⣬ǵѪӰ·𸽹֮һ㣬ͣ죬нͩ˶ɻһ㡣
ͩһҧԼۡ
ͩףͨķ˵Լеķֶζ赲ѪӰĹһڶѪӰǵȴͩģֻ·һ
Һãֻ磬ʵУǿľʧء
ţһʽǰʽֺ֮룬Χһ
һõĲǼΪĺ£ȾȻҪļ޺֮£ͩΪģ׷Χ֮ڣ˲䱻һٶʱӴɱ⡣
Ѫ÷ǳԩΪѪӰ֮еʵͬģѪӰµľڱ֮ط
ѪӰ󷨣ܹǧѪӰһзӵм޵ٶȣ˲ɵκζ֣¶ֱԼҪǿһ
ǧѪӰֻҪһѪӰѪӰܹ

ϧǣѪӵѪӰ󷨻ûңֻܻŵѪӰҲͬͩ˼ţЩͩǵһܵشһսͩ˾֮ģΪͩȷظоԼ޵еĴڣһпⲻЦΪͩÿһζ˵֮Σա
֮Уһжͷһжأʵ֮Уһʧ㣬ǾͿٲˡ
ͩսʤѪ֮󣬳Ѫһ񣬵˵л㡣
ͩĵڶս˳عȥˣͽֵս
ǲһս˭Ҳ˵ΪͩףвʿͺԼһ㣬ûжĳ˷սսȨС
ⲿʿ֮УһЩٹ۲һʱ䣬ô½ۡеͩһҪսʲô
ǰʮʿû˷սΪǲҪȥս֤Լ
ʵʥʿ֮У˴֮սңҵڶʮˡڶʮź͵ʮ
ҵģպôελվżʿùҵġ
ǿҪٳҪ֤ȫʤܱԼΡ
ȻҲһЩվżʿԲѵʥʿսģЩ˶벫һˡ

ͩĵڵ쿪ʼͩһսֻҪٶȡʤϾͲսˣΪѾԼʵ֤ԼӦеġ
ͩһϳŹ٣ͩ˵ǿҿºսʤ㡣ⲻֱӶսͩϣѪܹ̭ͩȻսʤѪӣξ͵ˡ
ѪӵѪӰ󷨼Ϊ죬˿սʤܿˣʵ൱ǿҲѪӵĶ֡
ϧˣΪ̫ͩȫˣٶȶȺǳǿ󣬸µֳķ£ﵽ֮ࡣ
ǻҪһҹϻ꣡ϥڿУƽŹ٣˫һõ֮ЩɾͳΪ˹ǵİס
ˣȻ൱ֲ֮
ֹͩħ
סΪ֮ĵ깥ǰԵֱӻһ˵꣬ͬˮйһˮֶܵΣֱ˵©Ȼ޵طŴħ죬ﵽһϻĿЧ
ԣһͨɵĸ֣һܹǣǺʦһܹԽս
ڶʮ˵ʵڻҪΪǰ֮еĳɼ̫ʡ˵ʵһڵڶʮ
ǰʮĸ֣ʥʿиľ˵ѪӣѪӰ󷨣пܳǰʮֻ˶֡ҪǰҪ˸涼ûƣҪȫ档
˵צ߸ݸݣųʵ൱׺׼ȷġ
ϧǣͩҲͬͩóķ档Ȼָʵ֮С


216  ½
֮УͩòͭǮе걾֮⣬ֻƾˡ
һʿôܻط
ط֮Уѵõľطͬģ깥طҲǳϡ٣깥ǳ깥ʽˣطҲ൱󣬴￴ó
ͩġԪʼ̵ҲǰģֻҪס깥ֶͩǰֵһᣬڶʮµԭڣΪȫ棡
ͩסһ̤ͳ嵽˶ǰһֱ̡
ɫһ䣬һתתΪɽˮһһε֣С
ͩȫһ̣ȻƲ˶ԷķȻһͩõֻǴԪǷ֮
սһδ̳һõǽ֮£˺ѿķ̽š
ˡЦյӮ޹պĳɾͣһΣһᡭδͻȥ
һս˵֮ɵһսҲͬǳգһЩпܡ

ʥ򼶵Ķʮ֮ıԺᣬʱԽǰʮζûʲô仯ֻҪȵռıԽˡ
ʮʥһλ۵ƽ̨㳡צҪʮ죬ʮǽᱻ磬ߵĴк
ڳеˣ˷Īڵȵһˡ
ͩȶʮʥߵϢȥˣʥǲ̲ᣬռǵľðȻݣرǰǰʮϯλᣬǸǼ쳣
ͩһһսһҪʮսʮս
ĳһһ֮ҪϼʮΣ⾺жôļҡ
Ϊλãһˣλãս㣬ܣλá
൱ƽ൱ƽ顣
ƽָһվż֮ͬ䣬ǾԹƽģʤ̭
ƽǾǺǶʮ߸ϵʥˣôᣬҲ޷ռǰʮΣʵ

Ȼռ֮У͹ͩҪȥ磬־˷ܡ
磬˵УԪһпԵֵڷꡣԴḻǵϵһʯͷҲƷʯϵá
ǰ˵磬ǰҲ㣬ֻʵҲΪ˵
ڷʿǾһĴڣĸǳĬĲͨ˲ķ
ܹģֻаϵĴڡ
ȻһЩЩѡţ
ʲôӣû֪˵֪Ҳʹֻͩƾȥ²⡣
ͩҲǷǳغ棬羿жô棬ô
ʮĵȴڹȥˡ
ͩڵʮ쵽ǰһͳڴϣĴһߵȴ֪ͨ
λѡеĴǣ쵽㳡ϡ֪ͨڵʮϰ˵ҵʱ
᷿ͩţ¥Ͼͷ𣬳㳡ȥ
ʱֳǧݹ⣬ɫһĿĵضһģҶþȫ㳡ȥ
һ̣Ҷͬ롣

޴Ĺ㳡ֻǧվڹ㳡ϣ֮ǰˡ
ֻ̭ʣǧˣǧ˾֮еţʤˣǰĻᣬ˾ֻڷؿాֱһ죬ǰĿԡ
צͻȻڰУָǸ߸ϵľ޴̳˵ҪվǸͼ̳ȥλ洫󣬿һԽǧռϵʿ硣
צ˵תλ洫ȥ
˷׷׷צ
ԭɽɽϵľ޴̳Ȼͨλ洫
ִʹ½֮Ĵһǽṹϵľ޴죬ִҪķѾ޴ͬʵ
վ˴룬ԵվʮЩͶӰڴˡ
ˣǵ֮˽Ӧǣ׼󷨡צûվȥǳܱߵʮλ
ǡʮλӦ
λ洫ȻҪʮλһ⴫ʱҪķѵˡ
ҪСȺ

һλ洫ֱΪֱľ޴𣬹֮еһжڵС
һλͨǿд򿪣ǧڹʧ֮Ҳһʧˡ
˵ʱҪƻδ͵Ļ֮еǧţܿȫû˵ҲһСĴ
ϧԴؾĴʥ֮һǸҹ½Ĵ½ԲԴӻ롣
Դؾ֮׽ؾΪŴǿȺ壬Ҳ˼ɡ
ңԴ½Ȳ˵˵ԴǣཨԪսݣҲһܹơ
磬½϶ˣ཮ĵشĴʥ֮һǣһ֮е½λ洫棬ǧ͡
٣Сһǣӭ½ǡһ
һڳСһǣڴâʧһɲǣ͸ܵ˾޴½һǧ
ǰǿò˵Ŀռ䣬Ŀռܺ㳡Ტˡ
ͩоʶҲͬܵѹƣݼ㣬ͬѹһǧ֣ͩĿռ̶̳½һϡ
Ǵͷģ̧ͷһ
ۡ˻ȻΪ̧ͷһ޴Ŀߴ˰ٶ๫

СһǣҪȣ磬һ˵ԽʵԽǿԺ޴ĴڣҪȥǡУ磬ֻ½ϣǴûȺҰ⣬պǳǣҲöǡǾ˵˵Ѿͨһߡ
ٿԭһλ׷׺üߣһִĸо
ǿԳƺϷΪâϣǼ¾УҪ˵꣬˵գǧָ⣬ֱ˵Ժڳ˶ܲ
ָⲢûκΣѶ
ϾͩԺ֮
ԭĻ½ȻͬҲ˵ȫֻͬǲ첻С
жͨ޷ģֻ˵½жӦж
繲ʮ½ÿһ½ޱ߼ʣÿһ½չʮ޴̫ͬ޴һ죬½һꡣһһģҲ˵һ꣬͵½һꡣһһꡣ
Ȼ˵ʱûġ

ͩڵĴ½Ϊ½ʵһ½½Ĵ½ԪĴ½½ɾŴǿȺԼһ˸ǿ干ͬռݡУŴǿȺĽһռ½֮
½ģһֱȺĽ㣬һЩ޷㡣
ĴӪʵϲ½ϡ
ÿһԪȺռݵĴ½½½ΪĴ½ĸӹȺ
Ĵ½ֲǳйɣ½Ϊģʮ½ڵڶԴȵȷ½Ȼʮ½ڵԴƣ½ԽԶĴ½Ȼڸ涼ѷɫһЩ
Ŵǿڵڶ½ϣԶռһ½һ½ǿȺġ
ԣܹΪȺĸӹȺ൱ҸģΪǿڵڶĴ½ϣڸķչ൱ģЩ߻ܹ͵½Ǳޣģ½ųӽ汾Դĵطÿһλģ½ͱǿϷˣҪЩȺĵҪôֵҪôͳ߼һޡ
ͩ˲ռʥ򼶾ҽ½ЩСȺɢĽѡ
Ҫˣ½ޱ߼ʣҸطףΪʲôǵҪǮ򶴸أ
ʵϣ½ޱȵΣգµȻأµµ֯˻ռȫˣҪڸȺѾٳİȫĵطǻϾҪʱ׼
ֻҪΪ񣬾޾ԪһҲνϺԸðΣյ½ΣȥԣҪûǽǮİȫʵҲ˶Ǯ˵ѾڿɳܵķΧ֮ڡ

½½֮䣬ǿһȻ涴ģһ½ɵһ½൱ʱһ¡
½ĵطпȺս½ı߽ش
ǣĴʥ֮һλ½֮ϣ°빦
̤ͩ̾ͱһ޴󻯵Ľ𺳣Զǧ֮⵹һԵ൱䡱СУǾǡ
зԵСҪŵȥͩΰԴǣҲвһĹģͩʶҲһ޴ĳС
һжԵ÷ǳߴľɽǻȵȣԵ൱ߴ
âػλһɽϡԪһһ֮䣬ܹԵظܵڷǣٶȣչذ죬ͩͿԽʥǿٶȣ˼Ԫ
ͩ￴ȥв·䡱ĳУǶôߴڽӽǵʱ򣬶壬ָͨС·ǡ
âּǧţʧ
ٴγֵʱѾʮ֮Ĵϡ
ǿռŲƣʶǾϲؽ˳
ּܹ佫ǧ˲ŲƳǧ֮⣬âڿռ䷨ϵ輸Ƿ켫ȫռ䷨ҲԶˡ
СһǣǽǰɡâЦекȻͷŴȥ
һǣں棬ض


217  
ϵĳ֮⣬վŹȻɢһȻ
Ҫ֪½磬ǵĳڱȽµȵĹȴسţĵҲһǸе
̤ͩŵһɲǣ͸оޱŨԪ֮У̺һΰر½ģӽ汾Դĵطԣ֮󣬲ꡣܴЩΰ֮еõЩµİƬ
ִ汾Դ֮͸ΰֻ½֮ϲŴڣΰɢԽɢʧԽ졣һڶĴ½ܹķ֮һΰ
ǣһӴƣ˷ԲԪ̺ųѰΰЩٶȱԼҪöࡣ
֮УȺʵǿ񣬾½֮Ƿռһϯ֮кܴĹϵ
ԣŻܵ½Ƕ໨ЩǮҲ⡣
ͩ˾ܵĴͨĴҪãΪǣԲʮ֮ڣǲֵģֻ౾񡣶ǸȺ½ϵĺġ

һ·ϣͩ½ϢЩϢȻֻһЩϢͬҲͩһĪ
һһ֮䣬ȻʹڵķڻͩڵޱȻ˵ҪգȴͩѹסˣΪڲʱ
ˣǰɡâһ˳ǡ
֮УסĶ
ͩһУ鲼ָʱʱؿԿһЩӰ͸ŬԪÿһ͸ǿϢ
Ϣϵĳ֮Уסʮϵ
˵ģǿɲܹͨסģӢԼй߲ܾסҪôҲ۷弶ϵܻþסȨâ̾âǰ˽㲻۷壬ҲûþסȨֻù׵ȡסʱ䡣
ͩˣޱȵؾȣ֮йǴϢϷֱʮϵЩȫ۷ϵǿڣĵ̹Ȼǿ

һߵʱʱһЩ·еһֿĿ⿴ͩˣеһѡӵĿ֮ɨӡеĴһֹذĿ⿴ǡ
ûκһλ¶ͲǶһֳϣĿ⿴ͩˡҪϵǿ󣬿ľһһţľǲϵӿֳԪ
âͩˣǣڳǣһ㳡㳡֮ϰڷ޴ĵ֮ͩǰϡһЩӰӣֻǲȷˡ
ǣȺ֧ҲȺеλԪǷֱΰ֮Լ֮λӣΰĹ֮ΰĺڰ֮ûǣûǵĽ죬ÿһ࣬Ҫ𾴵עĿ񡣡âڽܵҴͷλΰĴעĿ
ҲĻ羴עĿÿһŶʮֵľâ˵öԣûǣ໹ֻСȺҪ屰ϥίȫûǣûԼĽ졣
κˣֻҪ࣬öǻо⡣
ҪΪһǿߣҪţйλΰڵĽ죬ǵ졣Ŭɣǣϣ֮УܹΪȺĵĸΰڡâɿֳϣ˵
ڳţһ̶ޱȵؿȣΰĿ꣬ǾǡһҪǿǿλʼ沢С

ҲҪΪԪһǿڡͩ¾ĵ
ͩҪǿǸǿֻأγȡ䱦ʱز
̫ңԶ˰ɣֻͩ̾أʵ̫ңԶˣԪаڣһ롣
ȷʵǳңԶͩҪ֪жжԶĻ󡣡䱦
ˣȺ˵˵ǵɽûʲôͬͩʵ
õϢӦò࣬½ӽ汾ԴĵطԪޱȵˡԪʼ̵˿ʱЩԪ̺֮Ƭ飬ľ罫õ䱦ѵıҲܵõ
һհλΰ֮󣬹âǧԽ㳡һ
Ĵǰ棬һλˡ
ǵˣѵӪâ˵һȻλкƵЩǾͽˡ
͹â·ˡƵòػ
л·һŴ󲿷ֶʾл⡣
â˵ͷЦ뿪ˡ

ǸҽɡƵ̤˵
ǧ룬Ŀռܴ󣬱ȿȥĸ
ǽѵ죬֮֮д󲿷˽ᱻͻ˽磬ܹͻƵ񾳽磬ôֿԶ߰죬֮߰аšƵ˵
Ƶߵ㳡һϳǱǰ
Ǳһ䣬ڿŵǧǿѡԼϲķ䡣¥ǲؾռطÿһ˶ܹУѡһ޹ŸطȻѡ깦֮󣬽ʮʱ֮ÿһ˶ҪϵȥĴƵһһܵǵݿúˣ
Ƶһ֣ǧ鲻֪ʲôʵĿƬͷַÿ˵
ˣԼͬ
ƾʹһϢƬ֮һ֣Ƕپʮ죬ǧ߰ʮŸСʱʮŷʮ롣
ͩһ־ףǴ磬ѵӪʱ䡣һ죬͵½һꡣ
Ҳ˵ʱ䣬ʱ仹ǲˡ

Ǳ֮󣬲ŷǱĽṹͺǷ䳲Ƶģڲпգķ˷ǷԼһȦһȦߵûµ¥ݡ
ֱ¥Ȼ½һǧһܹУֻöѡ
ͩѡһ䣬ǰһˢĶһóݿڰ۴ˢһ¡
ŴͬʱݿһϢ͸ͩţ9527
ͩһ£Ц߽˷֮ͩŷж죬ⷿĽṹһһԵĽṹԿռطؿɣⲿȥʮƽС䣬ڲռʮ
Ȼ򵥣ͩȴ񣬴䷿֮в֪߳λǿߣͩԼҲеһԱ
أûʲô˵ģǱչңһС͵ľʹԪЧʴ
ͩ˵ͷ漴˷š
ͩľ״е
ͩ˹ȥĳǱľסӢƽվ
ͩ΢΢һЦ˹ȥ
ѡ÷ˣͩк
ѡˣⷿ䵹ͨҪһȥؾѡǲһȥľ˵
ҲãҲȥƣղԪĹжôͩͷӦ

ľ׵յ˵ͷȻ޹߼Ӣһʮս쳣ǿõԴط޹ȴٶȾԵһЩ
ͩ겻ʥʿܴԭΪͩ޹൱߼սǿΪͩĸطͬǿ
ͩԼؾ
ʱѾвŽؾеѡʵĹ˲еȻѰҸ߽׵ط
̤ͩؾ۴һ̨̨ǰһߣ˿һĶš
ǰҵѡġƽǰһ˵
ţ޹ֵһ䣬طֵڶ䣬طֵ䣬طֵһ䣬ϹŽֵڶ䣬ศطֵ䡣óǵݿΪǼǡ߿ͩһۣ٩٩̸
лǰϽ˿Ƭ
߿ʼһΪǼǣȻݿ˵ݿ֮УѾơѡ񵽺ط֮󣬿ýƽطķչ涨ÿ˿ѡһ޹ָطΪ˹ƽǲ޶ǵѡ񣬸ӡһ㣬֮䲻׼ϰ֮ǰ÷±Դģ⴫ؾ֮еطҪѡĻȻǼֵԽԽáˣǿȥѡˡ

˶һۣľѣһ˵λҾһˣԤףλҵǵط˵ֱ꣬ߵһȥ
ͩڶǵ룡˵곯ֱߵڶȥ
ͩ쳣棬ϹŽԶ֮Ŵ浽ڣղȺ֮еֻж١
ͩһ̤䣬Ϳһܣϱֳɼʮӣÿż
ͩ˹ȥϵıǩһԪʯ嶴ͼ¼ͼ׭ħطǬߡʬԪųС˶౦Ӱ̫нƾ귨غ֡ʮմͨɽ巽ħзݷ񽣾⡱
ͩΪȣ벻ȻôɼҷţһЩŻ¼ڡԪ屦䡷֮еĶ
ȹͩϸؿһ½ܣŷôط֮Уоų϶ǲȱȫģֻвοֵֵ
ÿһط۶١
ûдۣؾ֮еطȺţ²ţֻҪ࣬Ҳܹù׵
Ĺ׵ͲͨĹ׵ˣ߼Ⱥ׵㡣
󳬼Ӷᡢ߿Ƽ˾ˡڲиԵĹ׵ϵͳЩڲ׵ϵͳһĹҹҲ˵ǵĹ׵ԶһңҲض¶һɹ׵㡣
Ⱥ׵ȴһĳ˶ȺĹ׶㡣


218  ̫ϸӦƪ
Ⱥ׵ϲ·ΪҲԼȥһ˵õһɱıϡϣԼأͿõȺһȥһȺ׵㡣
ЩɷǲȱȫģҪȺ׵㲢࣬Ҳһ㵽ʮ֮䡣
ϹɷҲеģһʮ֮ࡣ
ʮɷһУ൱
˵콣һλԶ̫ɵĳ׽֮УĴڵ̫ɵйֱָ֮֮⣬лͨ䣬ѡһֹϾ͵´ˣҪѡеطˡ
Ⱥ׵Ҫǧ㣡
֣ͩҲ֪Ƕ໹١Աƪɷ൱ġ
Զ֮֮ĵȼΪɡɡɶӦľλ̫ɶӦλ̫ҽɶӦľλ񣻴ɶӦȻǼԪ񡭡
Уɺ޽٣֮֮˶Ӧ˥֮٣ɹһ˥ɾ̫֮λɹ˥ɾ̫ҽ֮λ˥ȫ޽٣ֻأɻŴ˥١
Ҫ˵ö࣬Ҳ޽٣ֻҪﵽͿԳ³ɾͼԪҲͬˡ
˵˳ɡ
ûһǰ֮ضǲҪɡ

ʮɷ֮Уÿһֱָ̫ɵϽ׹ܿϧȲͩϰġ¼ֱָʥ֮Ȼֱָʥϰ֮һܹΪʥ
ʮѡʵϣѡЩŲ࣬Ϊֽ֮
н̫Σգ֮ǰ־ѣ֮˥ǸزۣµĻҪ˥
֮ͩҲԼҪģҪ뿪ʱͻȻ䣬һʶ̫¼ƪ
ͩĿһӱ˹ȥ˿֪̫֮ܲͩȴˡ
ͩһʱѡ̫¼ƪõУʶһɨۿ
ְ汾û̫ϸĿھֻһЩܡ
רŸЩѡ˿ģѡˣֱÿڿһͿȡһ
ͩʶһɨ
̫ķУķȻֻлڵɾ̫۷ķš
벻оȻ̫¼ĲƪķȻֻ̫֮λȴǿ˳Ĳˡ
ŶΪʲôͩʵ

ɹλ֮Ա֮Ϊ̫ɣΪ̫ķ֮еһλϷšͬʱҲǿɵһŵġ̫ϸӦƪ
̫ϸӦѭ˺һϣ㷨ƣ֮˥١˥֮УԴ
ͩġԪʼ̵аԪʼ̵ֻΪκϣռ񣬳ѼԪ
˵ˣϰ̫ϸӦƪиļʶɹ˥ԲϰԪʼ̵ּڵϵһɲǣԼĵԴ˳ɾ̫ɣѼԪ
ӲҪ˵ĻʵԪʼ̵ʺϴˣӡΪÿһ˵ĵһǿ̫ϸӦƪܻʧԼĵ
Ȼûʮȫʮɣֻֻأɵ᫣־ѣ˥Բעԣ̫ϸӦƪƸһطԪʼ̵ȴ֮ѣԲϰ˷к档
ҪȽϵĻʵ˵ĸŸ㡣
һɣ䱦Ȼûġ̫ϸӦƪķ֮УеĴ뷨šνġ̫ϸӦƪֻ̫ʥںڲŴķ֮зһƪšʵϣ̫ϸӦƪһֱ̺̫ķ֮С
ͩˢһһ̫¼ƪϸؿ
䱦ʶҲڽͩʶĶš

Ȼ̫ϸӦƪ䱦Цһ˵
ͩҲ¶ϲ֮ɫ̫¼ƪ֮УвطҪġ̫ϸӦƪȱʧǰһСԼļؼھм䲿ֵǱ
ȱʧ˱֮Լϰ֮
Ҫ֪̫¼֮еıƺϰ֮Ȼʮָⲿ֮Ĳ֣ڶʧˣⲿƪļֵȻۿۡ
ãһ־˴롣
ãܺãǰһС뷨ţشӹ֮зͽˣҰ£ģļھǾû취ˡҹƣȫǰĿھ˥ǰ˥ǾԲġ䱦ڻӦ
Ǻãͽˡͩصͷ漴ϸһ飬ûҵмֵطת뿪ˡ漴޹ķȥ
һ̤䣬ͩŷɵû䣬ʢûԭġĹģǰߵһٱ֮࣬ǰߵһǧղصĸ๦֮УƪֻռɣĹ
ǿļ񹦣ֵ׵㡣
ʲôطơ񷨡ȵȣ£ֱָԪд󷨡
ǣֵߣÿһĽĩβעֻԴĹʺԼģǰᳫһ޵ס

֮ͩаѹô¶ԴģЩƪռӶࡣ
ͩ½ĸطÿһطгԼÿһַŽܺ棬ᳫԴطԼĵ·
ᳫԴգټ޽٣Ҳѹ֮޾Ԫ֮ɵû䣬
һ룬ǳ֮󣬲Ͻ򵽴ɾ˥Ŀֲ˥٣ɾ翪ʼ˾͵õߣѰɽ֮ɽطѰչزʱȥԴһԴǵȵɹ˥֮󣬲ʱȥԴ
ͩرעЩνҲͬȱʧѷ֮ǰĹǴѷڿʼģղصʮÿһǴڿʼģƪ͸ȱʧء
ͩѡһطԼһйټϡ̫¼ƪŹѡϡ
ѡطΪʶ֮ڵͭǮһɱʱ͸¶ĴڡͬʱϰطҲкô
ѡ񡶹ΪоͬʱҲвο˼ڣͩöŮ˼Ϊɵ̫ˣ־ѣ˥ɴޡޡ޼

ǣɵҲһôǾǿӵһ޵ıķ˵Ϊ
ؾ֮еʮϹŽı֮ͩҲһ£ЩǿģҲǺͶŮеɽࡣ
ͩѡ깦֮Ҳȥһ£Щò̫󣬲ƪǳˣ⹦Ҳ̫ͬߵҲǡ͡ﵽһȺ׵㡣
ʵϣЩ⹦൱ˣΪÿһţѡ
漴ͩ뿪˲ؾ
صԼķ䣬һʱ䣬ֻȥʱʮĸʱÿԪ
ͩң˾˽ȥ
޾Ԫӿͩڣڴͬʱһʮ㱦ͩ˳ͩӷԪ
ͩתΪԪ½Ԫ̺֮ΰľ˳עԪӤڵĵﴦ̵Դ㣬ڻЩΰȻ
У̫ˡ
ͩǳڵٶȣһ֮С

Ȼռ֮УȻԪȻռ֮еһж档
ͩȻռ䣬ʶһɨͷֶŮҲڱչ֮С
ͩСشһˡ
Ůûн̫޼ǣԭͲҪ·֮ҲܹԪһ־ҵ˶֮£û߻ħ߻ħĿԻϾ͵ˡ
Ҳ޼һô˹·Ҳʹͳͬûй߻Ŀܡ
ү͹ӭ˳
ǺǣҲоˣЩԪھ½Ĵʥ֮һǡͩЦؽ漴ֽ֪硣
磬Ͳܹģ͹ýζġ
ˣҴǻޣǡһǾʺǣ޼Ϊ޹ɡͩ˵
øؽɣѾԪӤֻɢޣǹؽ㻹ûнԪӤÿԸ˵˼֮ľΪԪӤɢʵЩΣա
ɵķֲڣǴԪӤڿʼģԪӤ֮ǰɵ֮·ͬС죬ɵϸҪʤһҪԪġ

ͩѾʹ䱦Ĺȼȷʵ޼֮ϣ޼Źݻ֮κιϣǰǱ˫޵һ룬ѵ͡
湦˵ǻ˫֮ӿԪҪͩ˵վ磬ȥ
ͩͺϣཻĥղԪٶͩ屶ϡ
ڴͬʱͩԪӤϣԪӤиεԪӤ˫ޣڿ쭡
ԪӤתԪʼ̵ձ汾Դ֮ٶȸ졣
˫£̶ȥˣͩķܿͿʥһڡڣʥһ壬ʱͻƵʥӡ
ٶȣȷʵš
ͩûʱȥͻƣǰѾڡ̵֮ϡ
ͩʮʱѾҪˣͩϽ
үٶҲδ̫һЩɡϲ˵վż۷ĻּӺһ㣬ʮʱѡ
ţȷʵˣҲ˹̾
ʱ仹أʱ䣬ΪȻͻͽͩ˵˵ߣȥϴһ˵գһͬʱŲƵ֮С
͹طͩϴԡʱʱرͩЩòֺͩʱ䲻ˣһսⲻ˵ġ


219  
ͩ˳ջ˱о֮ǰǿһ㣬ͩȻԪ֮ҪǰʮձƳٷڴ˵أԪͩΪﵽһ߶֮ǰͩһݻȫ
ֻʱͲһˣȻͩҲôɵķ磬ò̫߼ķǱҲһ
ͺһͨӤٲصľʯһ㡣
ʱ޶ʮʱһʱңͩҲĥ䣬˷žӪصĹ㳡ϣ˿̹㳡Ѿ˲ˡ
ʱöľ׵Ҳڹ㳡ϣұ˴Ϥ˾ۼһһһߵȴš
ûãƵӰȻ֣˲ƶ
ܺãǶǳ׼ʱǸɡƵҲûмƽʲô֮ģ˵֮󣬾ͷǰ·ѵӪȥ
ǧŸ˭Ҳû˵죬һӡ
ǣʥ֮һĶһЩ񣬲ط
ƵĴ£λڳĳ
ƵͣΪҽܵǵŦǵĳ֮һĶۡ˼κҲðȺһ״ʹڴˡ

ڴʱһϵû˿ѹˡ
𾴵Ķ£һȺѵƵͷ˵
һʶϢɨȺţһ崺𣺡ܺãɡ
˵䣬ĴųһͿԿһֱĳȡŵ׵Ǵ˿ֳֳìһվڵʿһ㡣
ɣȥ֮мǲҪҴҪƵѵ˵ͷǰ·
˶һظں棬ʱôҲ
ƵĴ£ȣ˳ǰԺ
һ·ϵվڵƺǳܡ
ֻ⸮ȶԿȥȽɭϣڸͲôվˡƵؽܵ
ͩˣ⸮ȥܣʵҲǰڸ棬ϲ˸ҰġڸһλڸһҲûУҲҴ
ȻҲͨܽģûж۵µ治̤ȥһ
ڣڹչھŵʱ򣬿һ¥¥ǰʯʨӣ¥һң飺С֣͸һֹϵϢ

ѾڸķΧˣӵߵʱ򣬾ûټκεˡ
ˣǴиˣȺһ״ޱȡƵߵ˴иǰ治Զͣ
ˣһˣһи󡣡Ƶ˵
һ䣬Ȼ䣬ǰʯʨӣԭյ˫ۣ͵ȻһӣΪͷ͵ʨ
ˡƵޱȹ
һŶǱΣҲˡ
һСһǺǣãܺãúŬɣǡͷʨͬʱ˵ͷʨ˵Ȼͬһϵ޷졣
ǣˡŹػص
ǽȥɡͷʨͬ˵˵գһͷʨתͷ³һââڴиĴϡ
һȴͬʱ
лˡƵָŴи˵ǽȥɡ
һ̤˸¥
¥ȥ󣬵ǧ̤ȥ֪֮еҪʮ
ǰڷŵһʮһ䣬ÿһǰһͷʯʨӡ
¥Źرգһͷʯʨӻ˹˵ǣӭиҾǴиĿߣ֮лвɻΪʲôҲΡ
˰ͩڶʮɻ

֪Ƕ塣һλӢſ˵
ԣˣʨ֮е֮һǿ츳ͨǷ֮ңҵķҵı𲢲ڴ˵ءϸĵΪһСһｲڲؾ֮УղжطȺۼ츳ԶԶеһЩϡٵǿеǿһռܹ񼶡еʵǿڡ
ˣҰ󿪣˲ټʶ
ǹƽģǿȻѣϡ١ͬʱǲпģͺڶѾ󲿷ֶȺǿץᣬ㻹Ҳ֪ʲôط˵̵
һˣﰵԼ˶Ļ
ˣԹǿЩ𣿡ѻת
ǵġӦ
ʮһ䷿䣬ųһţÿһȴϣӡһ֡
ֱǣ𡱡ľˮ𡱡硱ס⡱ʱաʮһ֡
һ֣Ϊʲôʮһַıʾ漴͵ΪھŴǿ壬ȺĴǿȻޱҪ

ÿһʱ̶۾ţ©һ֡
ԣȺΰ֮ɼʮһ֣ʮڷ񱮣Ӧ֮еʮһַ򡣡ͣһ£˵ν񱮣Ϊ̺֮ʮһַ£κֻҪܹаͿո÷򣬴ֱָĴ񱮡
ֻƣ棬ҲֻǾŴǿӵ񱮴У˵ġ
ǵһˣÿһ˶һν񱮴еĻᡣȻǰֶһΣǰһٶһΣԴơǰʮžӵεĴлᣬÿһγʱΪʮСʱ˵
Ҫϸ˵һ£Ҷ֪½Ԫ̺֮ΰаƬֻ̫飬ҪΪףǷȴ԰ǽЩƬƴԣҪ벻ͶǷҲǸṩһƽջۻΪջĻѡסԽۺ񣬻õĺôԽࡣѵ
һգΪʲôҪˣԭΪ˴лᣬǰʮȻΣŶĴΣֻԽԽ󰡡ǰȻǾϲֻ֣а԰̾
ˣѵֻôһλ𣿡һλŲĵʵ

Ȼǣ;ԵõһβĻᡣ˵Ⱥ׵һǧ㣬ͿԻȡһβᡣһȡһö䣬˽һռ䡭ϸΪһǽţǳġ
ԭνռ䣬൱һʶ磬ɱ½Ҫ߼ö࣬˵½ϵͳǸռ߿Ƽġռ䣬һ챦ΪģȺʶ硣ΪޱߣѶǲȺ򣬸˵ǿԽ˷硣
ͨţԶһǿ߱ûзͨͨţͲܷչǿ
ΪĻԹٴѶϢȴһͷһͷѾʱ䣬ǻƻ˶͸ˡ˵֮Уڹ궼Ѱ¡ټָҪϵǸϼѡ
ԣĸȺҪĻ˶ǿӲ֮⣬ͨżȱٵ
䣬ںδֻҪĽ첻ӦеزϾأܹʶͨռ䣬ˣռ֮ؽ̸

رر䱦ͩʶ֮𣬡벻ྐྵȻõѹѸ١԰رѾ䣬Ӧı屻˵õˡ
رǺֳͩһʶѯ䱦
ҵĳһ鱦һģֻһҪ磬ûйȴӵмأصһսȫûйġҲһԴռ䣬ҲԷֳ壬ֻıԴռʶռ䣬һжʶ󣬵ͥΪŦϵ֮䱦һһ˵Ҫ֪֮޾ԪգѾɢ硣
ڵһ챦һʶռĻʶռ䲻ԿԽ磬ܹϵĻһǴ˱пܾλ֮õԶ֮һЩУõ˴˱ȥҲֻǿ䱦˵
磿ʲôطͩʵ
Σ磬ǻֻмԪСڻ֮УջΪСϡԺɾʹ֮ҲԳ棬ʱ򣬽СܹѼԪ֮١䱦ûӵػش

ͩеˣܹѼԪ֮УȻǿ̸ѼԪ
ǵıÿһֺӦǽ϶з񱮵ͼ̣ʱ֮⣬񱮶һ̺֮Ÿ÷һ£仯ܹ֮򣬶̺֮֮ȥڽܵ
תͷͿʮ̣ÿһ̺
ͩתͷ˹ȥĿ⼯еľ֮ıϡ֮µÿһһľ֮¡
ÿһֺŵ֮С䣬ÿһСֻ׼һˣõȵ˳֮ܽ룬Ϊ˹ƽ˳Ͱ˳һѡɡڣֺŵ䡢ֺŵ䡢ֺ֮е䣬вֻѡû˵ķ䡣֮Уڹ涨ʱɻû˵ķ򡣡
վ˳ֺŷȥƿ˷̤˽ȥ
ڶʯȻǾԺٲҲǿԵģʱǺ㶨ģʱҲʱֹֻҪṳֺ̂ŵ֮Сһε


220  
ͩˣǾ涨ǳԻʱҲԽֹ˵԰һٶʮʱֳɼ
ʯޱֺ߽ŷ䡣
ͩ
ͩһ£߽ľֺŷ䡣
뷿֮ͩŷȻ߸䣬ÿſԱ߶һˢĿۡÿһ϶һǽһģһͼһ߷ÿһضǿ·ͷɵͼ
ͩһ۾ϳһͼһǳͼȵȡͩϤͼҲͩϤͼһͩҲľ֮ͼܹεķͨεͼʾֳԪǿѹ֣ǿȻҪһλԪ񵱺ܣⲻڳѼԪ֮ٵıӻоⷨҲһȺľ
ͩ˼һ£ȽͼΪԼϤѾﵽСɵĵز
ʱͣȥ֮󣬿Ч˵ġ
ͩȻóݿʶݿɨһ£⿨ϵϢһͣƣ񱮲5ΡȺ׵㣺0

ͩڿһˢžͱźһƬ濴ͩʥʿҲʲô
ͩ˽ȥĴԶرա
ڴͬʱһɲ֪Ĳƶɵʯͩǰƽ̨
ֻͩһۣͱסˣȴһС
ԭ»仯˼顣
֮֮š֪䣬ͩԺ֮оȻ䱦
ͩûʶʱȫʧ̺֮ϰǰףЩɬĵطһ̷·ඥһ㣬һȫͨ͸
žĵͩԼҲ֪񱮵ٶڲͣ
Լµĸյĳ̶ȻҲٶ֮죬ֱ˼顣
ʱ䵽ˣԳˡ𣬴ͩĲ
ͩվ뿪˷䡣ɴСԼĲһζûдͩΪͩûнС֮дű˲
˴һʱͩδվ߳ľֺŵСҡ
ʱĴѾûжˡ

̶һٶʮʱĲ򣬼һʱͩȵطԼڼµѾԽ˴ɵľ磬ﵽԲľ磬ֻҪٸͩһʱܹȫﵽԲ޵ĳ̶ȡ
Ҫ֪һ£ʵͩ˵ѣҪ²СɣȻǴɣԲĳ̶ȣͷǳˡ
ͩҲͻнʱ򣬻뷨ЧඥĻᣬһʮ£Ұ£Сɵľ硣֮ʮͩķ̶Ҳûֻǻ۸һЩˡ
ճͩҪܵԲĳ̶ȣҲҪޣԴƣʮ¾ҪǧңȻں£Ǿ͸ϼѡͩĳţͬʱַģճ㣬ûʮʱܳɹ
⻹ǳţʿǾһַѾ൱ˣ°УҲԳɹ
ͩҲꡣ˵ʮ꣬ǧͩ˵Ҳ൱ңԶһ֡
ߴУȻޱȣͩԼҲھȣδлᣬȻֻʣĴˣյúõĻ˵ľܱ֮ܿԼմ롣

ܹͩ̾һֱŷ񱮲ͺˣϧϧ
ͩҡҡͷ߳˴и
ˣǡͩضԴиǰʯʨһ񣬳Լȥ
һȣͩ·ϵֻͩаʶڿԼǰߣʶȫ֮ǰ֮С
ȻڽԼͩͣתͷһƣԭ
ҲǸճģͩһ䡣
ǵġ׷ͩǳصͷش
оôͬʵ
о̫ˣĴУʵ̫ˣĻٶʮΣҾͿȫչ֮ڳ֮ǰȥһ£ҪĴлᣬֻ;һȺ׵һ˵ϲܡڶȡ֮ռ֮Уһ֮Ϊս˵ߴʮŲ㣬ÿһܹһδлᣬѵõĺûᡣͩ˵
ͩ˲ϲʵʮŲ㣿ģţʮŲսʹʮŴβᣬѣǰļӦò̫Ѱɣ
ǳ϶صͷǾȥƵȡɡ

ͩͷһѵӪȥ
ûãͩ˾ҵƵʱȴѾһĶ顣
˻治ͩ̾ʵغһǰһŶӵȴ
ʵûеȶãֵ˶ˡ
˽ҪϢ󶨣˱ųзѺϢƵûж˵ʲô̾·һöӵĿȥΪָͨ
ͩʶӡԼϢõȷ֮󣬿ʹá
ֳͩʶָͨһ˲䣬ͩͷ·ֽһǸоϣҪʵöࡣ
ر鱦Ȼͬ졣ͩﰵԸ̾·ԼһûκβʸкųУʵ̫ʵˡ
䱦˵鱦޾Ԫ֮ǰһ壬ǿÿһһĸ壬ǼǱʽҲԶ֮Ĵ̡
޾Ԫ֮Զŵ֮ţ޾ԪȴӰ죬ΰĴ˵һֱڣ֮֮ǰļԪѾȫţ˵Ҳûʣ£ޱ޾ʷ֮£ƺûһġ
һԪ֮鱦һǿҲûгֹ

ռ䣬ͩһͨĴܶţҲ֮һ
ӭռ䣬ǡһڴУһ˵
ޱߣʮ½ռһĴ½һ˸޺½һ˴֮д½ϵİ˸ޡڵĴ޾Ϊĵޡռ串գҲ˵½κһطֻҪʮľأ㶼ܴݵռ䡣ռ֮УֻһһʮʮǧֱӦƿ֮µһһʮԼʮǧٸ½͸򡣻Ϊٵ總λ棬һС档˵ͣһ£֮
һźܿ˵Ϣ
һЩǳҪĵطԶ֮Ķ츣˵ھɽ֮УӶռܲפأɽפ֮أսþšؿֱ鷨ǿȡ־ǿؿ֮УսΪҪΪÿһսͿԻһβ񱮵ĻᣬԻʮȺ׵㡣٩٩̸ÿһ˶ӵһׯ԰լΪռ֮еס
ܿ죬ͩ˾ͱ䵽Եĺլׯ԰

ʱһȺߴʥǿߣӴĺ˳
ǹǵճܼңʲôҪԽȥԺ˼ϾͿˡ̾̾˵
ͩ£ҽգԺʲô£ܷԸǡһͨʥżΪ˹ͩһ񣬹ֵ˵
ض񡣡ͩһҵĸоʥʿһȺСһܼʹֱʿɲС
ͩ£Ƿȥ¾ӣչܼʵ
ͩһΧв˶뿪ˡ
ͩ˵ͷ߰ɡ
߳ͩǰһ޴ĸɽû˿ɽĸߴܴͩ𺳡
ͩĸоͺǰ񻰴˵֮дĶ츣ЩƣֻǸԿŰˡ
ɽȻΪĳƺȻ鴫ͩ̾
ɽ¾Ȼһۿ߼ʡ
⣬ס˰ͩһξ̾
סӶ᲻ٵľӢʮϣ¼ţҲвٰͨ񡣡һ·Ϊͩܵ
ռ֮еһкģʵϣĶԴʵտ˵

ͩڿĽֵϣŽֵߵĵ棬ԼһЩİףЩ˷ɢͷȴͨռ֮С
ԭָ䣬ռ֮ҲڣֻѾһ
ֵԣľߡ鱦ҩطϵȶ෱࣬ܶһ㣬Ǻǰʿв˶١ֻӸ߶˺ͺ
ߣȥơͩһ䷷ĵȥ
֮еĹ̨ǰŵһλŰΪʿ
Ӵ͹٣Ҫʲô
㿴ͩȻ˵Լģƣʶ
вپƷϵߣǾƷƽ𼶵ߣҲ١Ӷǳ£۸϶ۣӶĹ׵ġƽ۸ҲͶʮ׵ҡ
ֻҪЩɫͩһȻʵ
Щ߿ɶ˹ƵľƷִƽɫȻҲ鱦ֻˡϰ׼һλҪǵȵüĻԶơλʿش
㲻ϰ壿ͩʵ
ֻһѧͽõİˣʸ񿪵갡ʿػشһҲûΪλʥʿԵð
һ۷ȻϵõģͩʵλΪѹжϣһλʵ۷
ΪɽܹסģͨˡΪȻҪӿصǱ
ͩʥΪʹƷϵߣͩ۽磬ͿЩˡ
߿ƼƳսͷף൱֮֮еķĶĵȼȷҪɭϣƷԼƷµ߻ûĿԡ
ֿƼõ˸ķչﵽ˻е߱սףװӡ


221  ս
ܹΪŴǿ֮һ˶ǿߵ֧֮⣬ǿľҲǱزٵġ
Ӵ䱸װɵļž൱ǿġ
͵߱սףȻ벻ͩȾӢŵۣ˵Ʒƽ𼶾Ǳߣ߼ǿ
һĴŰɣλʵ
ͩͷӦûıҪΪϣвŽռˡ
ѹ֡λͣͣ˵ǲ֪ɽԻ񵽴ߣ繷ֻܶһΪҲŻɽ߾ֳɾŻԾסڵ廷סԽ߾ʹȺ֮еĵλԽߡЩסɽ£һȥİ񣬲ҪͶؾ͵ӵһЩ췹Եı¡
ͩ˵ͷʾ⡣
Щ츳ͨ˵Ҫǰְֻҵȡҫ۵ĳɾ͡Ҿһλʦư˾ƷߣҲǿԭ򣬲һǵյӶᣬõ֮Ҳŷ֣ԭ˾Ʒܹγɻе磬λʦ֮ϵʦܹƷ鱦ʦҾѧͽݣһλʦ£ѧϰ֮λǸп˵

ͩ߳ұ꣬·ϵʱͩд࣬ʵգҲ𣿡
ҡҡͷ²ǣµ汲ǹᾫӢ֮ҵȵõ˹ϲϣûʲô츳Сһֱܵصѵ¾ͨѧѧͶѧȵʮרҵΪṩõķõܹо档
ͩˣˣԭˣѹӶֱʵÿһһλʥżĹܼҡ
ͩķ䣬λɽĵһ˵ǰʮŶסڵһġ
һ൱ģׯ԰ʽլжʮŮߡ
ЩŮߵĳƣֻǱջҪ磬վûжǱϾͨʮרҵⷽҪöֻ࣬г䵱Ůߡ
ͩںסںδʵһ£ͩҲһֱʶռ֮С
սͩʵռǳսġ
ֻҪĬսͿֱӴˣֻҪ㹻Ȩޣɽ֮УֻҪһͷͿ˲ת͡ջش
ͩʵ˵ԭֱ˲ƹģ
ǵġյͷӦ
ͩˣôһ·

ͩĬս˾ͱ͵һǰ档
ߴΰʮŲ֮ࡣ
սǰһ޴Ĺ㳡ͩ˿̾տĹ㳡ǰ㳡Ѿ˲ˣȺͩһǰʮŶڹ㳡ǰ
ͩôڲʵʱͷ졣
ûʲôһ½ֵ档ͩشܲ˵Լڲ֪˲䴫Ͱɣ
ôһһôﰡֵͩʵ
٣Ǹŵλǰ˵ˣÿֻܽȥһˣһܽһ٣˵вͬŶȥԹˣĿǰΪֹûһ˴һ㡣˵
ҵ˵ȥ֮󣬾ͻһͬΪӰӣʹ˫ط͹ҪҪܲɱԷͨ
ͩͷûʲôرҽ飬ǵͷ֮ΪһҲһһ׽ĸоҵܹ˵ϻ
ôѵҲûͨͩʵ
Ǽһ˵һչزջǶҪ󡣡ڻش

ͩһۣӶԷпս⡣
Ҷͬ챻ѡţȻкʵϣǰʮ֮Уûб˴˽ҴҾռļʶ֮ǶףǳϦδ
˿̣ͩʵ֮еѾصᣬϥ
˳ˡ˽е
ͩ˳˹ȥжʮʿȺش֮гˡ
ףǶľסͩаĶʮʿ֮УȻһˡ
ľףͩе
ľ˳˹ȥ֮ͩ󣬱˹кͩ
ҽ˰ɣָͩͷ˵㴳ˣ
ˣһ㶼ûֻ֧һʱ̫ˡҵĶΪҲ࣬ʵȴǿ̫ࡣľ̾
ˣ񱮵ЧôһûȥԹءľײͩ˵ʵ
ǳ̫ˣǲ֪֮󣬲µٶȼֱǿþˡ޷ݵʱĸܡͩ̾
Ҳָоֻ÷˲ش
Ҳǡͷ˵Խ񣬲õĺôԽࡣ

ͩˣʱĸܣˡ
Լڶ̶һٶʮʱ֮ڣ´СɾԲ磬ҪĻʱۣ⼸ԪҲ˲Сء
ϸһ룬ûвͶ飬ô棬ҲֻһЧɣ
ʦֺͰӢأͩʵ
ƽȥˣ֪ģ֮ϡӢӦýսҼͬһʱȥġľ̾һ֮սֻŵǰߣƽŽǰһӢ̬ŽǰʮˣȻȥˣҪϵҾֱ䴫űǡ
ڴʱ˶յһϢϢдţӢͨսһ㣬10Ⱥ׵㣬ΪӢΪһ촫֮еһһصˣؽ׵㷭ʮ100Ⱥ׵㣬һϲ
֮еһǧţõ˶յϢ
ӢӢ˭ô̬Ȼһսһ㣿
սѶʵ̫ˣȻһλǰʮ˴ˡ
ɶ񣬾Ȼһɶ񣡡

һǰʮʥΪˣȻһսһ㣬ʵǱ˴ţһķ졣

Ӣ̬̫ˡľ׵һʱе
ͩͷʾͬ⣬Ӣ츳̫ˣرս츳ԡ츳ϣҪǰʮ˲һЩսĲΪ
һӢŴӱĵڶ֮˳
˿̵״̬һʵķ׿Ȼ
˴ӵڶˡ
ԭսʱ򣬺ͰӢ֣ǹע˶ϳ˰Ӣ
Ӣ𣿡
Ӣ

һ̣㳡ϵȴĲŶĴš
Ӣ֮ûκγɣ˵кҲһֱ뿪ˡ
ľ׻йӢʧˣɵ̾һǺǰһġ
ὣ֮⣬ĽޡͨҲǽޣڴרһϱȲ̾
ǰڴʥܹ֮һսͬ˵
ϾҪֵˣͩûȤһȣ˭ܹȴһ߲㣿תͷЦŶͩ˵
ðûͩأһҲսػش
Ҳãоѹѹжûͩɵػش

ľ뿪ˣڶľ뿪󲻾ãֵͩһ˽ս
ףǺˡͩ˵գȻ̤ս
սһ㣬ѡ֣ʦʦϹŽʿʦʦһе
ϷĹĻʦսʿʦǷʦϹŽʿħʿְҵͺְҵְҵ
ͩûгɵѡϹŽʿ
Ѷ˵ϹŽʿѶȻġ
ͩƫƫѶս
ѡսһͨʿۣʿֳһͩǰ
ȻǽޣϹŽһĽޡ
ͩ־ϲǽɵս൱ǿڶʿ֮ѶԸġϲǣֻĶֲܸԼĸѹӶʹԼ
ɱ֣ڶ㣬ʧ
ͩѡ˴˫һɽһһһ
Կʼ
ʽͩһ־û֣һ
Ҳͩͬһʱ𲽣ڿ
ʽ־ȻʹͩһģһĽ
ཻ£˲Լͬһĳڿжһƣǿѹʹͬʱˡ

ͩľôʹ
ôܣ
ͩ˿Ѿȫʶеռ䣬˿ģֻܰɻѹ£ȫӦս
ţͩʽֲɵн˳
һͩӵޱ棬һӰڿţá
ȴͬһײΪƬ䡣
ִͩƬ֮䣬˲ϢѾ˼ʮС

ͩһתһҹһ㣬ɡ
ǽ⣬Ǽ
ľ֮ţкѩ֮ţ֮ţдǴ֮ţдȱ֮ţвãޱ֮ţ
һ֮Уֻһļûб仯ļһ
ͩԲļ⡣
ԭµĿʼǱ仯Բ֮󣬾ͻɼΪ⣬κα仯
ʱԲȱ仯ǧҪ£
ͬʹͬһһ̺ͬԲļ
ͬΪͬĽУͬԲ£ֻвʤ
ҲУͩ̾
ͩʼʽ
һһͩõǿں£񱩵һǿ
ֵķӦͩ̾
һʽʽԲļȻסͩǿ漴ʽһ䣬ͬһֵһȴͩһǿں£ֵһֻдĻ
ͩһ֮£Ҫͷͩٵķյӳ˶ܵʱ䡣
һ̣ͩȻˣԭԲĽǿ󣬶Լǿںϳ£ޱȣʵĸУٳ
ٻһǱԾݻ٣Ǳץסɻơ


222  λ
ֻͩУӭͩĶһԲĽ潣⣬Բĵ˽⣬ԲĻ⡣
ͩҴ⣬ѽʽתΪ˽ʽΪֻͩһʽӵǿֻһʽԲ
ս뽹״̬ͩκβ˶ԷԷͬκβͩ
ͩʵսȴڲϵԲļ£յԽԽ졣Ҳ̵ˣԲºͳ£ֹԵư
ҪĻ£1Сɵ£10ɵ100ôԲ£10000
ܹͩѹû˶ٿԴսһˣΪսһ㿼ľԲ¡һԲ¶ûգºͻƵһ㡣
ͩĴãΪֻάֲܵľ棬ôҲ޷һ㡣ͩȻѾ͸˵һʵôֻͬˡ
򽣾
һӰָΧˡ
ֻ֪ͩһʱ䡣
ͩôʱƺʲô
򽣾ЧʧһɲǼ䡣
ͩһ̤ͩʧֵһɲǼ䣬һʵ޻Ľ

ϲͨһ㣬һ촫֮еڶͨһˣȺ׵50㣬ٽ
ڴͬʱһâ֣ͩ͵սĵڶ㡣
֮ǰǿһͩĸ˼֣ͩͶ쵽ԷȻʹõǺԼͬĽģɵģֻ·ǻʵġԣͩһ治⣬õǽʽĿ콣ںԲļ£ԼСɵľ֮¡
һͻϮȻЧˡ
ڴͬʱս֮⣬쵽Ŷͬʱյʼʼ֮ǰӢһͬС죬ֻǻͩѡ
ȺʼҲ˲ŸӷͼǿͬʱҲڼǿѹ
Ӣհʶռ֮гûжþյͩͬƵһϢ
Ȼͩһɾֿ̾µĶ֣һ׷㣬Խ㣡Ӣ֮̾ͩĹϵǾ֣ѡӢԼףЩĽٶȱǰҪϺüԭͩѹ

ͩϵ˵ڶ㡣
ͬǿͨʿֳֳͬ
Уֲͩ׼ãֱӾͶˣһ֣ͩӦҲûоͱһɨ֡
ڶ㴳ؽԲҰܸա
ͩӵڶվڰգ˺һŻعûκԥ̳˽ʶ
ͩʧ֮ǰӢʧֱһģһⲻǴ뿪ˣֱӡߡˡ
ûãͷȺӵڶ˳ǶҲ˵һ㡣
ǴһʱȻϵͳȺϢһ㣬˶յϢڣһ촫֮Ѿĸͨսĵһ㡣
ʮʱ֮ͩ붨֮˹ڽӦһµļ⡣
սĵڶ㣬Ҫȥұýľ֮ĵڶԲĳ̶ȣҪܹں²Сͩ˵ͩһսǳ
ͩףԼʵһεõһԽǶǰĻãʱ֮ڣǲ̫Ľˡ
ͩóݿһ£Ȼ5ΣȺ׵50㡣ڵǣԼʵ
ʵ棬һΪһǼԼĻۺ͸
ǰһð죬ͩԴӿռ佻ƽ̨֮ȡӣǿʥʿֱʥ۷ҩ

ԣΪ⣬ص㻹ڷϣرͩϰַˣѶҪ˴öࡣ
Ϊ˲ڶһŵ֮еӣͩǾרľ֮򣬿βЧԼķء
ͩʣҵƵ
ƵˣβܿٶЧ򣿡ͩʵҪʣͩɲʲô⡣
취в٣һǴӲؾ֮ѡطϰձڻĵ·ڶҪ죬ÿ춼᲻ٹΣڿϣһЩΪǽַԽռ֮ȥ˽⡣ǰʦһЩ£״ʦ̵Ȼܿ졣ʲô˶ܹﵽʦҪģҪԸܴɡƵ˵ǰܹͩ쵽ġ
лָ㡣ͩ뿪ˡ
صԼ֮󲻾ãͩҪ̷Ϊ˭ϵ澹Ȼͳһ·һӺһõĵҩ͸ҩ
ÿһλһöһû¡ͩһʹõԼһöӣһƿĵҩʮƿ˵ҩһƿָĵҩ
ЩҩÿһֶǾƷĵҩڷ򲻵
֮ȷ֮ͩҲû˷ʱ䣬ֱӽ֮У˫޴󷨣̷ӡ

Ӻ;ֲ֥֥ͬһ֦öһöһҪʹ߻Ѵʱȥ
ȴһһö֮Զ֮ʱʥʿͻȻȻӵʥżľ磬ֻ磬ԣҪʿ˻ۺ
ȻΪߣ۷Ŀ;̶ȶʿĹйϵ
Ȼռ֮Уͩڴϣһ붯ֳʶռ䡣
ͩߡ֮󣬾ͳսĹ㳡ϣ漴һʹͻԼׯ԰լ
գ֪ڹεˣͩռ˽Ⲣ̣ӶԼ䱸Ĺܼҡ
£ѵûпϵͳ𣿡ʵ
ϵͳʲôοͩʵ
ϵͳĸ顣Ҫһע룬ѪѪ֮йܶ򿪣ʱеʶѯջش
ꣿͩΪѵʵõܲȥɱ˰ɣ磬ƣȲ˵ɱɱˣɱˣʥǣͳεĵشܲԵ޹ɱ¾ͬɣ

򵽣ǳ󡣲Ҫ˶ãӦþͻᱻŵλʱͿԵõˡջش
λʲôͩɻʵ
ǷΪռλ棬ռʮ߸½Ϊλռڵλ棬澿ЩʲôǾͲܹ֪ˡµ˵ӵвٸλ棬еıҩֲλ棬еıķλ棬озࡣȴ֪֮󣬾ͻᱻ͵λһ͸¶
ͩ˽⵽λҲеȼֵģŨλ滷ռȹ̶̳ȡߵ͡Դѵȵȷۡ
൱ڷؾռֻ࣬ؾռеǲȻγɣΪɣĸλ棬ǾȻγɵġһЩֲˣһЩûбֺͿ
ͩգû뵽֮оȻЩĵطλʲôģ̫ˣͩҲû⡣
ˣϵͳԺ˵ȸ߹Σͩżʵ
ֻҪѧϰңпγ̰űȻͩҪϤһУϲҲǳԭŸÿһλŰһλܼҡ

֪ͩרŵѧϰҡҡҵȵȣܷǳȫȻ½ռҪʵ̫̫࣬ˡ
ѧϰҵһǽһĻʾŸĿĿγ̣нط¡ַ򡢻н󷨡ȵݵĿγ̣ʱҲбʾ
ЩΣȷʵ٣ǲշѵĿγ̣ͩһ£һ죬ÿʮʱһûÿοݸ죬εҲͬ
еǴ۽ѧеʾеʾϡеĽþϸеĽģҪԼȥ
֮һ죬ǧÿγ̣ͬڿΣⷽͶжˡ
йȻرΡ
رοɾˣҪʦ룬ʦϿ츳ȥֱӾշյȺ׵㡣
ֳͩ߳ɵʶռ䣬ȡŸ֪ʶ
Σͩѡصľ֮ͬʱзĿΣֻҪγͻͩѡȥ
طΣһЩԼԴһЩطЩط͵ȼߣҲЩľУóҲûʲôЩطܹܺ÷ܵطڲĳַµط
ʵսΣͩҲͬǳ⣬ʵսνһЩʵսһЩѵʽ֣ѡʺϵϰ
ȻǸγ̣˵Ρ󷨿ΡΡܿεȵȡ

ͩصκ󷨿Ρ
ΪҪѧĶʵ̫ˣͩһۻtҵĸоãͩһʵ֮Ӳһôʶռ֮Σȫ
ռĺôͩᵽһЩˡ
οڼ䣬ͩҲܵսڶʵս
սڶ㣬Ҫʵ̫ˣȻҪԲ£ҪﵽںϲӦõĳ̶ȡ
ʱһξ͹ȥһˣҲǷһʱ䡣
ʱڣһսˣʮң࣬ǴڶսˣһҲûС
һ죬ͩľסƽӢķƾȰ˾ۼһͣұ˴죬ռ֮УһԼһƼȡ
ּᣬһйΣС˵ľۻ͸ˣұ˴֮佻ĵãµϢ
ôʲôջ񡣡ľѾڼͻƵʥ򣬲ųزãҲԾһʹʵ
ҸоͻڼˣҪ˶þܹͻƵʥ򼶱ˡƽ˵
ҲǡӢͷӦ
Ҫϲˡͩ΢Ц˵
طоԷǳаȵ㹻ˣҾʹȥһηˡķ˵
ˣͩ˵оǲǣʵ
ҲʲôֻͨʦѣڴؼʱͳΪʦ֮󣬾ͺʱרˣҲʰڶֻƷߣԶءͩͷش


223  Ŵ󳬼
ڴĵ𾢵ʱͻȻյһʼ
֮󣬽һθλ׼˴Σճ̶ΪB
˿ʼ֮󣬶һۣӶԷп˾Ⱥս⡣
ϵ֮бزٵһĸԼʱڲľ⣬Ҫⲿѹ߻
Σճ̶Bϲ㷢ʱΣյȼ֮УSߵģAֵBˡ
BΣգ̫ߣֻ20
A50
S90
Ȼϲ㷢ǿִеֻB
λҾͻȥˣҪʱ䣬ΪͻƵʥ򡣡ƽһӦ
ţҲҪ׼ˡһ˾ʹ˽ɢˣΪ׼ȥˡ
ͩһ£ҲȥҪ׼һˣϾB񣬲ôɵġ
λһ֪ȥʲôȻǾǰΣǿ϶ġ׼֮֮ͩգǿ̴˱
ȻǲеģзֶΡ
ͩһʱ˱ѹڱӡռǸ޻սףһɱսף⸱սΪлڣͩҶãڿʱ⸱սˡ

δأõķȻԼãֻҪɱɲһССʥʿܹ쵽ģɱ֮лһĲлֻ꣬ͩѹȴûĨĴڡһ㣬ɱϸ˵һٵġ
ͩʵȱƬ̣Ҳաͩ룬ˣһ飬ԼڵΪӦÿƴ˱
ԭֻǰƷ£ͩ˳ôЩȻûеԣҲһĻˣԡ֮еطƣǿԽͨ鱦
֮⣬Զ״ǣԼеļ쾵ĳ˵ͬһֹߡ
ͩʶռ䣬֮£֪Զ״ǣҲǷּġͼ״Ҳ̽⵽ϰ֮⡣
߼״ɾˣ̽Դﵽ֮⣬һ״ﷴ⹦ܣҲ˵еȼԽߵ״֣ԶԶطֵˣȴֲ㡣
쾵ãҲԶ飬ֻӴ⣬ֻ⹦ܣûܡ

ӶԴ֮Уùṱ׵򵽲״
۸һ˵ֻҪ׵㣬ߵжʮڹṱ׵ľƷɫ
ͩӿռ佻ƽ̨֮Уڸ౦֮УҲҵһЩƷ״Щ䱦ļױＶ
ͩӱԴռ֮ȡ˼ҽ֮һЧԶһ̽ԴﵽһǧҲз⹦ܡͩȴоⷴ⹦Ҳ̫һЩȻס쾵⡣
˼״໥ʵ֮ȴֲӵģķ൱Чġ
ͩھϸо֮󣬲ŷԭԭͬ
״ͷⶼͨһֲ֪ƴﵽĿģֲֻƵƵʡǿࡢԼӦֶεĲͬŵ״״＼𣬾˵֮У״＼߳ľǾŴ󳬼֮һּĸԴεơ
쾵ȴһĸԴʲô֪ͩԲƣҲΪԼ쾵޷״ķ⹦Ρ

үԵ㶫ɡ˹жһЩ㡣
޹ͩʱе飬ʵ
ǵģ޹ش
Ϊʲôޣֵͩʵ
Ҳ£ٶѣʲô¸ҵػش
ҲգɡͩҲûǿʵٲ£µĻǳ֮˥
ֻҪ֮ٲܰң
Ϣһ֮ͩʼ£еĲ϶ĽϵľƷžŰʮһ֡
ƷʹͩˮƽԶʵ۲ˮ׼ͩڵˮƽֻƷҵߣҲϵȷ𣬵ͨƳķȴܹﵽ鱦
ʱʮ죬ͩڰƳ鱦ͩڵΪ߶ͨ鱦Ǵġ
һεƣͩظоԼһ˼֡
ͩȻһѵԼ֪İ
䱦лءͩĬ
л˵ΪÿЩҵҲܹ޸䱦
ǲ֪İͩʵ
ô˵أʵҲһͬҲһֻ֮ۡͬʱҲǻһ֡䱦˵ò࣬Ҳϸ˼ȴǱˡ

ͩҲɵӣһˣƵ˵طоطԴͬԴﵽĿġ
汿֮Ȼ֪ͩ޲Լһƣǿǵ⣬ûж֡
ǣͩȴҵһһѸ۵ķ򣬶ֻͩҪ߳һ·
ܺãֻҪǰ·ѣҲùûзûָûͷӬһ㣬ײҪõöࡣ
ͩѾоһĽǳһֱŸֹΣڷѾİɶݡ
ͩѾףӦȥľ֮£ֻһֱûȥѡ
ôȥ÷Ӧ£Щǿ֮ϣ̵ݣЩݲһ㣬ܹõǱȻһִڻĿз
Ҫ֪½磬ʿ̤뷨֮Ŷšʿǽ֮󣬲˳µؽṲ̋꣬뷨֮š̤뷨֮ź·ǾֻԼˡԣЩοûʲô˲ģʵϣЩγ̶ޱȱľ飬ǰľ顣

ͩÿγ֮Уּγ̡ͩһʼǷƷ֮ľϵһ֣ƵĹ֮УľԵϢԼصһֻʱֻ̫̣ᣬϸȥ룬ָоֻʧ
Ȼռ֮У֮ͩУԼһ׶Ļ壬һԷͻȻϮʱͻ˲令Ч
ʱ仹̫ˣڸûжЧͩ̾һ֮Ϊ򣬻оطΪֻרΪ򣬶ҪϳʱĻ۲гЧʱڸû̫Чͩɲ˷һβ񱮵Ļᣬǻ۲ȥ˾˷ѻѡ
ͩһʱ䣬һ죬ʱˡ
ɴѾϺˣʱѾӸãʥżľ磬·ﲻʥżĳ̶ȣʵ١
˵ͩӺٶȣԿ԰šΪͩ޼İ
ͩ˫޴󷨼ӣʶռ֮УξΣûпγ̵ʱ򣬾Լׯ԰
ʵڷƵʱ򣬿ɽɽ·ȥ䣬ʶһ·ʶĳͱ

ʱһζԼ֮Ѿ쵽ˣͩʶһû뿪ռ䣬ʱͩҲûа׹ֲ֮࣬ͩһľ֮¡
ľ֮£ͩѾģȻֻһԲģΣͩľҲõһ
ͬʱͩҲ˾ӣʥżﵽʥһǿԿ϶ģͩڵʵ֮ǰִһ
жʮĸʱ͵֮ڣڷʼǹ⡣
һ񣺽븽λ֮λ棬ɱһͷʥ޻ɱһͷޡλܣ֮һ֣С֮нΪĸߵ壬꼴ӵλΪʵȱݾǳ֮ǰܹǡλ֮УûڣΣճ̶B
ͩգһǾŴ󳬼֮һУһֱΪ֮ԳԭӦù塣ߵѪӵǿĵ̺ʵ
Ҳ֮ǰڰ˸ĳʱֻԪѡ

ͩЩѧչʷΡΡȿγ֮У֪˾Ŵ󳬼֮УԵжԣˣָϵ൱ӡ
ֻ֪ͩŴ󳬼ֱΪڤ
֮Ĺϵڵж״̬ս״̬ڤҲǶ״̬
״̬֮䶼һ֮ĳͻ
ȻΪ˶̬̬Ͻӽһֲֽ˵״̬
ڤ̬̬Ӷ࣬ʽԵøҰ͸ԡ
һ彨ǿʮ˸Ԫʷƾãһֱò֣ѹեū۸塣
ǳĳ֣ǵ¢ϣУΪʳԲϱǿ󳬼֮ս߸Ԫ߸Ԫ֮У𣬽ȴǿȺ֮ӱѼԪ֮٣󳬼ȴһֱϲս
ʱκβ󳬼ĬǵĴں
ȻԿһ֧˾Ҳʾڤ忹⡣
һֱԪ֮ǰһ⣬κһ˷ģĵмִ棬Ͷ˳һ
Ԫ֮ǰ֮Ĺ֮УһİȴһֱŶΪƽȣס֮ʱһֱѹƵ


224  λ
Ŵ󳬼֮γһƽ⣬ʵϣս״ֻ̬ͳֻǵжԣ˫֮以й˼ɣСģս˫һ޶֮ڣûս
Ҫ֪֮ҪĸĻսҪԪʱ䣬ֱ˫һΪֹ
֮ĽֻһЩǰһЩѹ֮Թ岻ܹĵز
֮ǲ岻ܹ棬С뱻壬ǾֻսԷҲͬˡ
ʵǿ֮⣬ļ󳬼δûֻ
Ϊʵ̫ǿˣսȻڲľ÷չشĴͬʱҲʹȺʵս֮вϷչ׳ʮԪ˿˥ԽԽǿ
ڵľŴ󳬼ʮķ룬ҪϸֵĻʮףڤʮнף˼һ𣬿ʮĸ߽ףͳǴʮĶˡ

ֻҪһȺ̤һǾʮһĳˣǸʱ򣬱ȻһȺˣ
ԣĸȺǳСĵزȥŭȺ
˵汻սôʤ˻ãʧˣǾֻиķݡ
ͬģҲһϳսʧܵ³Ҳ塣
ԣ۳ʲôĿģ֮໥жԣͱӣʱʱشһʹĶսҲԸɳ˲սǲԸȫ롣
Ϊսʵ̫пᣬֻĳ̸ûа취塢Ტۡ
ԣ֮Ĺϵ൱΢г˰ĵжֵܰĬ
ֻһмĹϵʵջǸ֮֡
ȴǳ˵ûб壬ǱͷڵȦյĸλ֮УϵޣһЩ顣
˵ĿֲϮΧɱšЩһ㶼ɸ󳬼һЩ˵Ŀֲ֯ɵġ

ʱһ۾͵ˣͩᣬȥϡ
ǧţһҲٵؾѵӪĹ㳡ϼˡƵһλµ˹
λλǳʹߣҲһǵλߡƵܵ
ͩﵹЩȣλˣѾǵһμˡ
δڲС񣬻ûгһγȥλһһֱעǵı֣ۣԲҪһְǡ˵һεԺδֵԽãȻջԽࡣȻڱ֮࣬ñסԼɨһЩţƽ
漴ֻƽֵڿһ
һռѺ۳֡
ͩһĻʶּ˼֣Ҫ֪Ŀռɱȷ̵ö࣬Ҫôɵػռ䣬һҲɣ
ȻأץסǵѺۣȻһ˺ռͺһֽƬһ㣬м䱻˺
󣬽ּ䣬һ⽫˰ڣȻһ֣㳡еͬʧˡ
֮Уһελռ䣬һλȴֲ磬λ뷲֮֮С
λ棬ֻ½Ĵ

ǧſԽ˿ռ併ٵռ䣬ɢͶ½֮С
λ棬Ÿָޣһʷƾõ壬һÿһԪݻ壬Ԫ֮зǳϵһ塣
䱦ĽȺԶ֮֮ǰһǳΰ
ǵ֮֮Ⱥܿͱ֮֮ͬУɷϣ֮֮УҲŷǳҪĽɫ
Ⱥŵ㣬Ⱥ֮У𼫶࣬л塢塢Լ֮֡己࣬ǻ۲ѿ弶еľǿϣӵױȵ츳
壬ǣϡ٣弴ռɳڿɻΪΣﵽʥ򼶣ڿɴﵽȫ񼶱Ϳɴﵽ֮ϸߵȼѪͳ߹ϣ
壬ҲǣԶһЩͬռɳʥ򼶣ڴﵽ񼶣ʱܻΪΣȻ֮񼶡ȻҪϼʮѪͳ߹ϣҪǿ
ҪǣȺδ֮ǰ֮ͻữΪΡȺҲΪͳȺ
ԣȺƫױձࡣ
λ棬Ȼͻ弶ޣֻˡ

Ѫͳ߹󣬾Ŵ󳬼֮Уǰڤ嶼ѪûѪͳһ˵֮УֻĸѪͳ߹ޱȣܹȺ֮еĻ⡣
ֻ֮УѪͳô߹
֮ͬл塢塢֣֮Ļ壬ѪͳҪһϡ
֮Уǻ壬֮Ҳǰ񼶱𣬶ʱҪ׵öࡣ֮еĻ塢ûñȡ
Ҫԭ֮һ
֮УѪͳ϶ǳ߹󣬵ЩǺѳΪһΰΪǵ̫ˡ
ȺǾŴ󳬼֮Ѫͳ͵һܹ֮Ѹ٣Ϊķٶȼ죬һһǳѸ٣ÿʮٴͳһž޵ţΪѸ٣Ǳ
ϼԪΪʲôȺȻֻֻԪʵȴѷɫԪϵ

ͩһƬɳĮ֮Уǻɳͷʶɢܾûеڶˡ
ͩǱȽ⣬ǧˣͶһλ棬Ȼѡ
һλ棬Сλ棬Ҳڷ½֮ϡ
˵ǧˣͶҲǴˮƮѡ
ͩóһԶ״һơ
룡֪һһ
öడͩ̾
״ʾԲ֮ڣޣݡ
ͩһ£һգۼ䣬ֻһ״״ҪȸղǸҪȽöֻ࣬һȴʶĿǿĹܡ
һεʵܼ򵥣ɱһֻʥ޻һֻޡ
ǣԿ϶ǣλ治ֻޣʥµޣȻ࣬Ҫô֮УҵĿ꣬Լһ֮ȥңǸͲܡ
λ֮е޶ʲôߵɫЩ޴ĳϣͷ½ϵҲ˶٣ֻ޿ĸԼӴ
һ㵽ռޣȻȻӴʥͰ񼶱ޣ͸ӴΪ̫עĿ½ϵޣǶҲвܹҵǲɱ
һЩں͵ޣ½ϵޣϵĴǺܺܺˡ

ڴʱͩյһʼͨ䴫ġ
񣺲ɼɳһöȻһɳϣνɳһɳϵ޵Ľᾧֽᾧǰ񼶱ɳϵ޲Сֽᾧһַǳıڿռ佻ƽ̨ĵȼ֮УȻֻױɿռ֮е٣ֻöңÿһöۼ۶ʮƾ֮ϡ
ͩȻȡһöλ棬¶ڽʶ֮¡һ񣬷ǸͩĵģһʱġĳҪͩȥսޡ
ͩԴֻܱʾɽ󡱡
ͩԿ϶ķˣ˵λλͩĸй۷ǳ棬ҪΪλ˳ͩڵĴ֪ʲôء
˵ͩľˣͬʱλҲͬͩⷽףǶԽĲأͬʱҲǶԼ˸һ衣
ȻҪɳǾҪҰޡ
ͩеԶʶ״˲Ұϵޡ
ܿ죬״ϵʾĿʱȫʧ
ͱͩΧһ﷽Բڣûһֻޡ

ޣİޣҲ൱ѶԸ壬˰񼶱𣬶ȻȻؿʼټϰԪʵ̫ˣ˵ٵ壬͵Ĳ㳤ٵ˵
ǾӵʮԪҪ֪ʥżʿԪҲҡȻֻһװѡΪŽףÿһףʮԪﵽŽʱӵһԪ
ôֲԪһͷϰ츳Ҳղٷ°ɣ
ʵ֮ԱʥԼʥµʿǿö࣬Ϊԭ
µʿ󲿷ֶṳ̂뷨֮ţǰϵʿûһṳ̂뷨֮š
µʿΪĲܲӰʵأΪһվż˷µʿпʵʤʥûշµʿ
ܿϧһڰ񼶱ϲڣΪʿһ˶˲ֻһַ¡
׶Σһʿڡ
޵ʵö˵ͩҲܲ²⵽һҪǣͩûֽ֣һεĿ꾹ȻһλޣͩٻЩġ
һβóѹ׵ı£»ĺսʤһޣ˵ﻹ˼ҵʱ·硣ͩҡҡͷ̾
ͩգһչٶȳǰȥһֻ״Ŀꡣ
ΪҪɳɳϵޣͩòͷи߶ȣͩ˲ʮ
ͻȻ䣬һɳ·


225  ɳ
ͩ˦ּһһɳһе״ʶɨǣûκηӦ
ڴʱһֻԼ׵ɳЫŴӻɳ֮˳
ѹһֻռɳЫޣʵ㲻ʲôͩɱȤҲûУֱֱһȭ
ȭѹ͵һͰֻɳЫ´ɳͩһȭûüһֻССռޣֵͩ˷ѱ顣
ͩǰȥɳһ·ϲƽϮʹͩٶһֱ᲻
Ϊˣͩ󲻵òͷصӴѹ˲ʥµޣʹͩһ·ϲûбϡ
ͩȴ֪ѹϢ޵ѹϢȫͬͷųֱǺһյںҹ֮еƶһҡ
ʥµȫĶӣʥϵȴǴ˷ӿ
ͩȴ˿֪Ϊе״ﱻʶƵʡ
չȥˣͩڸоԾѷٶȽػһ£ƺûʲôԾĵطɣ
ָͩһ㣬ȻףʲôףҲˡ
ͩһ£漴ʶ״Ƶʵһ
һ֮״ɨϣ˶ʮ㣬ʰΧ֮ӿ

ͩףԼƺʲôⲻԼԼҲ
ҲգҵҪʥ򼶵޾жͩͣ˷УվڰУ£ó˴˫˫һ׼
ͩһεĿȻǰޣȻҪ˽һ°޵ʵǴӲ˽һЩҲʲôҲ֪Ҫǿɣ
Щʥ޾ͩõĲԶ
ʥ޶򲻹ֻӲƴ֮İ취ˡ
ûãͩģԲڵɳĮͻȻʼɳضڲƷǳˡ
ţһֻֻɳߡɳ桢ɳЫɳʨȵޱɳĮ֮еɳϵޣޱ߻ɳ֮˳
Щÿһʥ޵ķ룬ԲС
ͩԴҲ˿⡣
Щʥһ֣Բǧ֮ڵͶƿأͩȻҲʥ򣬵Ҳܹٷ֮һݶ
ûа취ɳĮЩɳϵ޵һֻ޿ķΧȲͩôʮֻĻܹͩٷ֮һ⻹Ϊͩмޣ֮£ǿġ
ʥ򼶱ĽսҪľƿȨ

ʥһżļ𻮷֣ڷµ˵޶ڷҲǴҪģҪĻһΧǿȺȡ
ʥʿһһ֮䣬ͿԵһԽ˷Ŵáʥ򼶵ľԽߣܹŴĲξԽߡ
ͨʥ򼶱ʿһܹ֮˴֮佻ʤ
Щʥǣĵһ¾ƿȨͩ˿Ļᡣ
𡪡мֻ鱩ʥͲסȷˡ
޾ϵ츳֮Ϊһɳ̡ȵȹͩ
һ֣еʥ޶һ֣ͬǵĿͩĿĺȷǸɵߡ
ߣͩһڶʥɳֵĿ񱩹
£Ϲͩ˻ϹĺĴ
ƾʮֻʥ޵ǿϹ֮ϡ
ཻ˴ĥ
̺ǿϵĹڲͣģÿһ֣ܹϹ赲֮ǰһס
ͩòϣʮֻʥͷŵ൱ǿġԼϵѾɵķ鱦Ȼֻǿͨ鱦ɷȴǰǿʮϡ

գϹⱻһƵʱ򣬶ԷĹɢȥ
ţһ빥
ͩɲɵӲһղֻһµµķжǿ
ȻѾеˣȻǻʱˡ
ʽͩӽԲļ֮£һ佣ӳ͵𣬱
콣ɲǼϯͩΪĵǧ׷Բ
䡪ʮը֮󣬷·Ϊ֮һ
ɢȥͩһӱһա
һ֮¸ͬ޶ʮֻͩյ𵱳ողμӴ̭ʱҪǿöࡣ
Բֳ֮ǿ󹥻
ʵ̫ǿˣƤʥޣڷ¼ӳ֮һʽǰ͵ֵסһ
ˣͩе鱦ҲͬͲСûǵһʽҲû£ɾɨЩʥޡ
ͩһص˵ͷЧһĺãһ벻ڴ˫£Ȼ˰˳ɡϧսսƾڵװҲδؾ͸ɲڶعߡ

ġ񱩶쳹ɳĮ
ͩҲ÷ǳ̺֮ޱߵķŭ
ɣһ֮еĻ壬壿ͩһһӦˣô޻
֪ͩȺ֮Уֻܷ
ԣǻ壬ȺĻѾ౻ˣвģҲȦޣͼϲϵһ͵ֳλ棬ͷҲȷλ֮Уûлޡ
Ҳ˵һֻѪޣѪŨȲ̫ߣһֻޡ
ţͩȷش״ϣֵһĿڳԼ߸ͩƵϵһûʧ
ȻǰޣҲȥˡͩ̾ͬʱҲеһ˷ܣǵһ񼶱Ĵڽֻ֣޵ûдﵽһǻˮ׼ȴǻʵİ񼶡
񼶵ĴڣһѾʼǻۣĸ壬ֲʯѾʼǻۡ
ΪĲͬѵǻ۳̶Ȳһ
ǵ壬֮࣬аٷ֮ʮŵŶСȺͺԪ֮ǰȺһ
ǲ̫ߵ壬ɳһ̶֮ǻ۲ͨᲢ۵Ⱥٷ֮ʮŵŵĶеȺ

䡪һɳͻȻһӴͷ̽ӣ̽Ĳ־жʮ׳
ԭһֻɳޡֳͩһʶռ䣬ͨռеĺѯϢ
ɳޣޣؼѪ֮һ˿ѪɳٶȻ꣬ǧܳɳΪޣҲɳϵ֮ߣɳףǿҵʶʶ
ͩɱô£ȻŭλɳĮߡ
ġӴ̺֮ǿըԵѹɢһַ֮ζ
ַζʵÿһ˵ÿһ̤˷֮֮󣬶û־ӵеġ
֮£ϵζˣΪʱʱ֡
࣬ԭˡֻɳ޾Ȼ˵ˡ
ͩ⣬Ϊһ㶼ʼǻۣ˵Ȼ⡣
࣬ɣɱңǰΣǰΣǰһ㱻Եֻɳǻķŭʧˣ֮ͩƺʲôûо֮顣

ͩɫɵ˼֣ǰɳޣƺеһöԸ
Ϊǿ
ۣۣ̤ͩ鲽һ̤γɳ޵üġ
ʽͩһõǿ콣˲Ϣһ
ġɳ޴һɢͩͩϹţǽţһǿޱȵͩе䡣
ߵĹͬʱʹ
ͩһɳ޵üģͩͬƲסΣӭͩľһѪڡ
ͩһ̤鲽˳
ܣͩг
ͩһУôû£
ûʲôܵģĹ˲ңɣɳŭһ
ͩȻ󾢷Ϯʣһ̤鲽˳սȦԭɳ޵βͣβϳļ̣ȥ²Сӡ
ͩľΪߵö࣬ɳ޵ĲûܰӰ죬ͩҲףԭ򣬿»ĺսʤֻɳޣȡɳһε

ΪʲôԼĹʧЧأ
ûдУܣͩٷ֮ٿ϶ԼһĿ꣬˵ˣɳӴҪлĺѡ
ƤпܣͩΪԭ¶ԷƤҲܵ鱦Լȫһ
ܹ˫һĴ˫һ̺µһʽǶԷķǿ󵽿Է鱦ĳ̶ȡ
ܹƾͨ鱦в٣Բɳޣܺˡ
һ𰸺֮
ϵһɳ״Ƭ²㱾ƬɣӦһ鱦ɣͩݵضŶԷĹ˵
ɳ޵ķ£ɳϵޣڴﵽ֮󣬱Ȼᱻ֣֮׽֮Ҳ֮¡
ϧҲ˿ռ䣬ʱκβ̤ͩ鲽
ףŹȻͬ죬㾹Ȼ³ˣ⻹öлϽҲתܣҲ׷㡣ɳ޴
ͩһ֪ĸùŷ鱦ȻɵˣһﲻǱɵӣļһҲţ
϶ֻɳоУһ൱

鱦֮Ա֮Ϊ鱦ұϲᣬΪһ͵鱦ǲ嶼ʹõģͩϵ£ĸ֣֮ҲܹͬķЧ
ͩϵĴ۱ʵϣǻһõĻ鱦ᱻɱķŴ
ԣʹõ鱦ɳͬҲʹãǱ֮ǰĻߣƷﵽ鱦ΣܹʹΪȺ֮Ҳڲͣ׳߳ı˼Ҽٹߵǰǩ㲻ϡ
ͩڷյľ鱦ʲôƷ鱦ֻͨ鱦ôܹͩƴȥ߹ͨ鱦ͨ鱦Ļֻͩзƴˡ
ƴûУֱ·ˡ
ȻͩҲŶԷӵͨ鱦ֱǲܵ顣


226  ޷
ʥǿѾԵܵǿԼʵôʥ֮ϵİǾ͸ӰԵˡ
ʥǿߵı£ƿͺһαһ㣬µʿհ
ʥǿ߲ܵǺεȵƣʵۿ۲˵ǷָҲͬۿۡ
ͩҲףԼһʥʿһ޻־սǾԼԼҲˡ
սپС
Էķ鱦ɲٵģ˫κβ˶ԷɼԷ֮ǿˡ
𣡡ɳޱһǿѹһ޵ĶռɳΪ𽥳͡
ɳȻӵ濪ʼɢ·صת
ͩͷ·ڷ籩֮еСһ㣬ƮҡԵôСΧղһ˿ڶ֮䣬ܵ˿ռӰ죬ôô
һԵô΢Ϊپʽһʩչͻȥ㲻ʲôǿУһ˿㲻©ɥĹؼ
ǿһ̺ޱֳˡ

ֿͩǿѹǾԵѹԷʽ㽻ֵĻᣬֱ񱩵ǿֶΣʽعŮɡ
ͩڴ֮ǰûĶ֣һ̣ͩԼɣźȻԼִ̫֮УЩƫĹ
䱦𣺡һطҲãͨҲաԴھԵԵڶԷպܹҲԸĶֻ֣ԾԵѹȥ
ͩˣǿҲȲ֮֮ǿҲȲ÷֮һĸ֮Ը߹󣬾Ϊŷ½Ϊϣⲻ˵˵ѡ
ͩ˱Цˡ
ȥɳ֮׼
һȫûǵĹ˸޿ɶ㣬ӲûӲ±ֻһ;
ͩѾᵽζζ̤֮ͩ·ĵһΣڴ֮ǰоգԲΣ
֮дֲ
֮ͬд
ԿֲҪôȫǱҪô
٣
ͩѡóô˱һ٣գͩѡ¸ҵԡ
һʽ٣ǰܱ⡣
֮ǽҲͩķߣҲǰ֮£ͩеǱ
ǰ⣬Ƕ϶ƴһĸһ̶һǧ
ͩڶܷµĸ򣬴Сͽɡ
ǽͩΧΪͩصסɳ޵ľС

ǣ޵ľУɲôܹסģ־ѹͩǿڳ־ԾԱȲɳޡ
һʱһ
ǽͩɲұ֤ϵֵܹ˶á
ʵ̫۸ˡ
ͩڷ硢ָ־õȵȷȫ󣬶ԷͩƽֵĻᣬαԾԵѹͩ
ֻɳ޵Ĵ򶷾飬ޱȷḻ
Ӵ֤ԱͩҪö࣬˵α֮Уһжƿ֮Угģ¶Ժġ
ͩѾһսԼ׵ʵԼΪ̫һЩ
ͩóԼǿĵơ
ѾΣȻȻҲͨ鱦ܹġ
һʮİ˽ǷⱦͩϣͩһУϸ߿ա
򣡡ͩһȡ
һһεĹ֣˲Ϣ䣬ɳţαϤӿͩڣͩĵķѸٻָ
ⲻܣɳ޾һ
ͩҲΪ⣬һʹ鱦ϵͨȻ񲻵

ͨڽ֮һһݻ˵ݻͨЩмǹ̶ģ˵֮ͨݻ¿ѹʱաѹ桢ѹ硣
ȻڵﲻǸ𣬵ѹһαǻûκġ
ɳ޵ġɳ֮׼УǵĹ
ƫƫƵġ
ͩһо˶ԷɱУαʧԭĻɳҲˣɳ޵¶˳
ͩһִ߶˱һͨ
ֻ˲ǧߵľ͸׺Ȼ֮ѿһڶ񱩵Ӻڶ֮дǲκؾͽɳ֡
ʲôɳ޷ţطţӴڲͣطŤҪӳȥɳ֮£Ҳҳˡ
ǣɳȻûСǲϾѾӦĲˡ
¼ǧ֮ڵһеǿ֮һҪȫɣͩΪӵнɱεǱ

Ǹ鱦ǿӵҽͨı˵Ϊһϡ
߲εıһ㶼ǿ羳ֵġ
Ҳ˵ʥ򼶵ͩڲٿرɱ񣬶Ҳ
ɳ޾ҵţǱѹķǿһСĿռ֮ڣѲ
ɳƴҲ˼Ϣʱ䣬޷
ɳ޲ҽһ뱦֮ڣѹ˵棬ѹ֮Ӱ첢Ļô֮ڵѹ֮ҪǿϰٱˣҲͬᱻѹ
ͩջ˱佫֮еɳ޴ѹռ䣬ռ䣬űѹ˱֮еǳ֮Ҫ֮ͨǿɳޡ
ɳޱս֮ڣһϵ⣬ͩ׸
࣬Ӯˣܷһ·Ը⽻ҵһղأϵ鱦һѵõе鱦ɳ޴ĵ
˼Ҫɳͬģս˷֮У㻹ȥɣԹɡͩƽؾܾ
ߣɳϵߣѾһɱҵз鱦ҺΣɳѼӲһӡ鱦ˣֻܷӡҰˡ

𣿡ͩЦЦճӡ鱦ȷʵֻѹӡȷʵ޷ɱԷֻаѱӡĵõضĳɱ
ΪԽķԽơ
Ǻܲңͩϵһ⣬ǧѾ鱦ǳ֮һ𷢻Ӵ󵽲˼עռ䣬ռõ˳ԴʼںϽ
ʲô棿ɳԲոô޿ˣΪԵһܡ
𣡡ͩػشרڻ¡
û˵ɳɵؽе
֣ܾ֪ͩһ
ռĻ棬ΪϽġȸֻں϶ɵȻ𡢾𡢽סԪ𡢱Դ֮ס
Ѿﲻȼˣ˵
񣬽׸ܹвλ񣬻ǿԸԪ
Ű񼶱ɳޣܹա

ͩΪ˸ʱ䣬ֱ֮ȼƷʯռǿͶ
ԭߴҵ˲䱩߸ߡ
ɳ޵ֻʮϢͬ޻ڣֻüҽһ㱻ٳɷɻңֻɳһͷ
ͷʽЩڹŴսǳ硣
ͩ˳õɳǼսͩȻǺԥ˽ˡ
ϧ˰񼶵꣬˷ˣҪŪİ꣬൱ѡͩҡҡͷ̾Ҳûа취˭ͩ޷Ĩʶɳ޵껹սı֮£Ĩʶֻǿ
ͩõɳʱһ¡
ͶӰ£ͩ΢ЦСӣѵĸҲɣ
μˡͩʧ񣬹ؼ
Ⱥ֮УԽԽˣ֪˺ڣΣҲԽ󣿡Цݵ˵
ǵģ˵־ѡ˥ͩͷӦ
㻹Ҽؾ֮У⹦һҲӦòĽ֮£ΪλҼȥЦݲʵ
֮ˮۣˡǰ;裬ηٶ޹ôҵȾպʵ۷塣̤·ɹʣұѡ񡣡ͩ̾

ãһѡ񡯣εس޵һ佱ǿĸϵͳоǻвٳǰͽҵ
˵գּ㽫ͩλ棬ǡ
⻰û˵̫ͩȴˡ
ʦ
ȷʵһûᣬһʦͶһĺ̨ν˺ð¡
ţûŵĲ൱ġ
ͺñȵͩںĻϼ壬ͩΪӶĴţһõİ壬ǲҶֺ
ԼûӶţûһסҵĴڣ»Ҿͻɳʥ򼶱ǿߣ׷ɱԼˡ
ͬģӶܹ֯ӴڲûɣǱȻǷֳɹк̨ţӶԱЩûк̨ŵ˻úõöࡣ
ͩͨɸѡĴţֻŰˣŵһߡ
ûһǿ߻˳ΪŵģΪǿѾҪŵ֤Լǿʵ֤Լ
ȻߣǾҪʱɳγɳʱк̨ţȫϵҪ󼸷֣һʦָԼҲ·
֮УֹҲͩóɵɳޣ֤Լʵֵ


227  ʦ
ͩصǣʱѵӪĹ㳡ϣ֮ͩ⣬ļҲˡ
٣ͩˣɼΣˬʵк
аɣǵٶȿ湻İͩ΢Цк
˴˱˴ˡ
˭ûжģһյأϥһĳɹ
ͩʶռ䣬ңϸһ飬ԭ񣬿ɣҲɲɣûӲԹ涨ɸ֮󣬿϶иӷֵġ
νңȻͩȨ֮ܲ鵽ԪռϣЩϱޱȵرǿѸٵš
ֽ׶εͩʵڷֲĶϣֻ֮ʱѯڵͩȫĵطϡ
ΪЩϣҪĶϣǰԪҲһ档
漴ͩʶע֮УǼͷʽ鱦䱦ļһе鱦൱棬һ౦Ҳֳ黯Լʵ
Ϊ黯ָ֮֮
ʵֱԻĿü
ͷǷʵġ
ͩʼһǱµģΪͩõĲ黯ͩҲó

һĵҪı֮Уһֻ黯ķֱв꣬˺˺ꡣһ£ʿӵеķ鱦ǷʵΪǷ黯Ϊ
Ǻ˫ȷʵҲ黯
е鱦֮УϼƷˡ
ͩͭǮ꣬鱦ǿøʹá
ʮѾʼظͩĽŲˣͩҲмƻؿʼﱸʮ
ֻڻʱǵ꣬ͩǽصڲϡ
صרľ֮
ͩҲˣʮвһоҪʱţɲͩѡ
ʱһξ͹ȥʮʱȥˡ
ҲǷһµʱ䡣
ǽˡ
ǣȥʱǧˣʱȴֻжǧٶˣİٶԶҲزˣνпᡣ
пʵҲڳǣʶ֮·գ䲢ңɼġ
ţֻҪˣǾʲôҲûˡ
츳һʿֻҪţ˭ԤԺͲ̤۷塣

ܺãһһҪһЩӭͨ˵һһ֮ǳɹͨˣÿ˵õһ꣬ϵͳһĳɼѾͽ棬ܿͻһĸѵӪΣֻǱʵŽлԵǵ£Ϊ״ӡƵ͵
¶ɧеĽΪ
Ҫ֪һЩ£״ʦָ㣬Ҫ·״ʦָ㣬ҪԼҪϸϵͳöࡣҪԵЩǿߵ£ǲǷɻڴء
ò˵Ⱥֱ൱֮ɳ۷ʮټӴûһŵòһ״ʦָ
еڣܹЩǿ¶ѡ
ºͰ£ǲСġţЩռʥ򼶵˵ָ㣬Ҳޱȱġ
νǱʵţȻǹЩѡġ
ͩٶλĳ֣ͷĲǽ
ͩЦˣаȻϣ
νĸӦòÿ˶еģȻҲѡɻɡĲڽİʦˡ
Ƶ겻ɰľ۷֮мλشк

ɣҲ٣ҵȰ°ˡشϵ
ǡӦ
Ԫ˵
飬ɡλõ
ҲһͲˡ˵
Ȼ롣һӦ
ڣɱеֵģվ˵
ͩӢǶ˿Գˡ˵꣬תͷλ˵ͷʾԼѾѡˡ
ʯǶ˳Сǰ
Ԫ󿪿ڵƽС
ÿѡˣһˣ˾ǽӵ֮˳֮ܵľӢ
Ȼص㲻һÿ˵ȻҲͬ⵹ûʲô˵ġ
ֵλ۷ˣÿˣȻʮÿˣʣµĲֵλѡ
֮ǧٶ˺ܿͱˡ
Ŷ˵λ֮еסǿ֮УӵþסȨġ
ڼ򵥵İʦʽ֮ͩͰӢʽΪͬʦֵܡ
ڽİ£ϵͳ
ͩ趨֮£̬ΪС״ֽģӹͩȨԼҵȵȸܣͩԺҪ鶫ͲҪԼȥˡ

ɣΪʦˣյܼƴǧֻ֮˿׶ΣˡǶΪʦյĵһӣϣܹΪʦڵľ磬ҳԽΪʦ̬ȷǳͰ
ǣʦͩͰӢӦ
ӢǡĽѾʼԼĵ·ΪʦҪٶ˵ˣԺÿʮʱռ䣬ΪʦסΪʦĽЩ·ȶ԰Ӣ˵
лʦӢ˵Ӧһ״ʦǺð
ͩ޵ǽ־ѡ˥ȻֽأٶȱȻȰӢ졣Ʒ׼ɽر֮ҪӦ˥ǾֻҪԼˣΪʦĪ˵
ϹŽһΰҲΪݡʱȥ֮رڣ֮٣ԽԽأܹɹ߸֮١Ϊʦ֪ռİٷ֮һԪҶɹ˥ģһҲûСܹɹ˵һ˥ģʮ֮ɹ˥ߣԪһֻо˶ѡÿһչز׼˵˥͵˥ɹңңҲ̾

ĵ̹ȻŸ˥λҪ֪ÿжһλĳ̶ȣǵı϶ɱΣﵽɱĲΣʵǿ
ߣΪԳһ磬䱾ʸԴȻڷϣʿһʿĽĵطǾǱ鱦Լ֮ķٶҪϲ١ڵ
ڶʿ༭ɵĵã˲ĵúָ㣬Ϊʦ͸ָ㡣óһݸͩ
漴ַּóһݸ˰Ӣ˽Ϊڣһе鱦֮д˽ʵӦû᳤١
лʦͩͰӢİл
ȥɡ΢΢һЦö뿪ˡ
ͩͰӢ˳ȥһۡ
Ӣ̾벻һгΪͬʦֵܵʱ򣬲ͩһ׷ġ
˴˱˴ˣǲ׷ϵġͩʾػش
˵ڿб޵Ļ𻨡
ţͬشЦȥ
ͩصԼ֮ó˽͵ö

֮ͩͨĲ鵽öļֵνΪ߰ӶĹ׵һǰǧڣ
ͩˣҲղǮ
ͩˣʲôžˣǻⶫô󣬷ǲ˻ˡ
ͩʶ֮еϢӿͩԺ֮УСʱЩϢȫϣΪһѷĩʲôҲûʣ¡
ϣһ㱻һ֮ʱư汾ǼϵģĶ֮ͻԻ١ΪЩĵöʿԪ֮»۶ɡ
ͩԼҪõǻǲܵģ˵ڲܡ
԰ʦЧֳˡ
һʦȲ˵ϵı仯൱ֱˡ
ĵãͩϽרĵȥĶᡣ
¹ȥˣͩЩĵãĵõ൱࣬СзġҲרȤȵȣֲַͣͬķһЩԵͽ顣
ͩѡģʵ̫ˣͩɴѡרȤ
νרȤǴȤֱָ֮Դ

֮Уǧţͩое෨ţܹ͸ЩţͩĳɾͿɾޱҫˡȻ֮УҲǧּ֮ⷨȻǧַַܹ
ܹͩ͸ͬԵõߵĳɾ͡
ĳ˵ʵ㡶Ԫ屦䡷֮еͳͩרע׽ĳ˵е㲻ҵĸо
ͩѡоطߵľһͳ·ˡ
ռ䣬סɽĵ߲㣬סŵĶǼΪϣͻƵλ
¥СϪּɽˮϪߵɽʯϡ
ʦͩ׵Ľ
ɣô֮кθ룿ָ߲Զһƽʯ˵
дࡣͩػش
ѡ𣿡ʵ
ǵġѡͩʵش
ǵѡȺ֮Уֶθ߳ʦٷ֮ʮǽʿ֪Ϊʲô𣿡¶Цʵ
ʦָԽ򡣡ͩشʵȴΪ⣬벻Ⱥ֣Ȼа˳ɶǺԼһɵʿɵʿ֮ȻռƣȺȴǲֹܽҪһ̶ᳫΪ·գгܷ֮ӵȴǼ
һ룬ʿͷϿ˥ģûжɹһʦҲⲻ䡣κһλʦʧȺ˵ǼΪصʧһλʦǾʹȺ


228  
ʵͲʲôˡԶȻţǶں޾ԪӰһֱڶڡڸϵȻԶƫԶϵǱ׷߿ƼĹǱƼڤڤƼķƼĻеƼȵȻ϶ڵõԶЩ֮ԼзģĺĿƼȻƫﶼͬһԴͷؽ͵
ԶĵĿƼƼϵ֮ǿɱƼȴûһܹʵġҪ֪Զ֮鱦ɱǿǿװϵɱ̾¶ͳ羴֮ɫ
ǵڣ鱦ıκһûķţҪ˵鱦ĻǾһţϰϹŽȻǳ֮ɱǾܹõһ鱦ˡûĸɵôﲻɵôЦ
ͩˣҲ鱦ɱһ˵ҪԴԴϵĺǿ֧ţϰϹŽΣ֮ԳɹұƣͼѣתϹŽֻܹơ֮У֮еĵΡֲεıһƳɹʱ˾Ʒ֮󣬿Դﵽͨ鱦ͨ鱦Ĳβȡ
ɹһ˥֮󣬿ԽɱΡ
ǣÿһϹŽɹˣǰ;ɱǻȡǵıұ󣬶пܽ
ɱȡѵķûһʹá

ԣڵ鱦ɱǸڲϰϹŽгɵʦƶɵġȻʦҲֻϰϹŽʿգ鱦ɱд붼ǴԶģС޾ԪƳġϰϹŽʿ˵Ҳһ츳Ļר档ƽ˵
ˡͩͷӦ
֮Ĳеʱʦʦְҵһ㣬λߵ͸һ
Ϊʦתʦʦҩʦȸְҵ
ͬ߱ȫ棬ڸְҵϵռơ
ţȻҪר֮ǾҪĲϣڻѵĽ׶ΣΪʦ룬ɹṩϣֻҪݲϵöȣԺ蹫ٷ֮ķѵ׶һҪѲöȵĻǾҪ蹫ٷ֮ʮķ˼أвϣԼܹĻǾͲҪˡ΢Цʵ
Ϊɡͩɲɵȱϣֱ˲ռײռѵڼƽʱҪʮðײá
ã£Ϊʦ죬ȥĵűǡʲõӦ
лʦͩл˺ð£飬ԱԼ򱨸Ҫöࡣ
ͩǶȥֻʱĴѶ˵ѾˣԵղˡ

ͩյϢ̰ʶ˳ռ䣬ţǱ棬ȻһԳʹߣƵһˡ
ͩλʹġƵ൱ѵӪܹ£ֽӵ飬һǲҪģһˡ
ͩǷöָָ֮еĲϹиǧ˰֣ÿһֲ϶һֵֵܼﵽ˰񾧣աλʹߵǳʽûκε
ͩӹָʶһɨȻˣָ֮װŲٲϣһܹǧ˰һײ϶ǧ֣ײһǧ֣ײ֣ù׵Ļǰ˰ڹ׵㡣
񾧡ͨõĻңֻҲΨһһֿľʯһ񾧵һվʯֻ񾧻վʯվʯҪʮܶһ񾧵ġ
վʯռʿʥʿá衣
Ҳͩеֲĸо
ȱٲϣôϷκһλʦǰǿġƫƫͩȱϣеͶﲻһѷɫ١ЩµĲϣƫƫͩе
ͩȴҪ󷵻ֵϰٷ֮壬Ҳͼֵʮ񾧵鱦ͩȷʵԿ٣ͩȴ鱦͵ͩΪװɡ

磬˾Ʒм㣬۸Ҳ󣬴Ƕʮҡ鱦ͬˣͨ鱦ļ۸ʵ֮еͨǶ٣֪ͩ
֪ͩռ֮Уһͨ鱦ֵһǧ񾧵ҡе鱦ֵڰϣϵ鱦ڴ˻ٷٱͨ鱦мС
ͩҪʮϵͨ鱦ܻծ
ͩ˵ʵ̫ѡ
Ҳͩɽ½ָԭ֮һ
Ƶؿͩһۣʲôû֪ˡ
ͩصᣬʽʼר
ռ䣬ģһУΨģ֮á
ԣһʦѡռ֮Ϊʵ̫ȷˡ
Ϊʲôô˵أ
ɷϣռ֮УͨսԷսĿռ룬ﵽռЧҲԶͨռۼһؽ̸
ռ䲻ܵģҲоԡģľ֮һ
ģ԰ʦϤĳַǳɹǾԲܱ֤ġռ֮ͨģ⣬Դﵽٷ֮ٵĳɹʡ
ǣصʵ֮Уʵʲʱͻ֣ᷢɹʻᷢصƫƫдҲСǳȷ
Կ϶ǣƵĶԽߣƫҲԽ
˵ռ֮Уͨ鱦ﵽٷ֮ٵĳɹʣôʵ֮Ƶʱͻ֣ᷢɹֻ߳ңе鱦ɹֻ½Դơ
ԣʦͨģʵֵģҪʵܳɹġ
Уٲ츳ļӳɣ


229  ת۶
ͩչоʱʱоһ·֮еǧţศɣࡣ
ת۶ȥˡ
ͩûгԼ᷿һѵӪӹ൱д⡣
ԴŶɹͻƵʥ
սһ㣬ͨԽԽ࣬˺棬ͨȺˡʵϣֻǰʮ߲ͨε˲ŻᱻȺϢ
ڷꡣ
ͩȻβ񱮵ĻûжãΪڻۡЩ꣬ͩרעľϵƺľϵŵרУջࡣȻûȥ񱮣Ҳȫľ֮£һ϶ǴСɵľ硣
ͩڵķ棬ľ֮£һԲɣСɡ֮£һɣСɡ֮ֻǻ۷һЩ
ʱ䣬ͩڷ·ĽǺܴȴʤڻۡ
һϣͩĽ൱޴ģѾܹƾƷߺ;ƷˡǾƷ߻ǾƷھ֮󣬶ܹ鱦Ρ
ͩʱʮƷʽУЧöȱ
ࡢࡢࡢࡢࡢӡࡢԴȵȶԹ
Щڱĸռ֮УԣﵽһεͻƺͷԽ

ͩձ֮Уʮռ䣬в죬зӡռ䣬Ȼռ䣬Ҳкռ䡢ռȵȡ
ЩռĴڣΪṩǿԴȪҲͩÿռԣӦķУԣĳ̶ֳ˵鱦ˣֻԵ̫һЩ
ͩƣҪɳΪ鱦Ҫϲȵʱ䡣⻹ΪͩռأҪԶԣʱܸ
ڲϷ棬һָϣͩѾõ߰˰ˡ
ͩ䣬һǧΣʧٴңŵõʮƷҪһƳ鱦Ǳ鱦ײƣͩˮƽǲ̫֪֮ķƼǽɷһ˵ƵĻ֮ϡ
Ȼ˵ֻ࣬һ˵ʵϣȴǱ仯
ʮɷƣں֮ͨһԣ֮УЩƻߵķϵ𡢻ȵ10081ֱ仯֮Ϊ

ҪϸֵĻǳ֣ࡢࡢࡢࡢࡢӡࡢԴȡȻÿַΪϵľϵˮϵϵϵϵϵϵϵռϵʱϵȡ
10081࣬⻹ǻΪ֮ϵͳɣࡣ
ͬһӵһͿͨ鱦ˡ
е鱦
ߵŵϵ鱦
ͨ鱦ͱҪƣֱӴѰٱ
ͩˮƽôݣرľϵ棬ͩѾƾƷͨ鱦
ͩר
鱦ԲҪġ
ԵķƲܱ鱦ΣǶٿġ
Ϊʲôռ޷ģԭˡ
ɹٵ鱦Ȼ
еĲͺ֮Ĳһ㣬Ȼǿеİʵڵͽ񣬿ȴ޷ͬ٣ȻԪơ
ҰԪΪ
Ϊ߷ǿ
ȼϾͰѰ˦ˣȻҲһ
鱦ڲϰѷ˦ˣ鱦ȷʺ񷢻ʵҲΪʲôô鱦֮͵ԭˡ

Ȼռ䣬ͩÿй֮󣬱̤˳꣬ϵʱҲ٣ռ֮ͩɲɵרֻҪͨԼķȱ鱦ͩı鱦ǿԽģͩʱ˵ȱá
½طԪյԽ࣬۵ҲԽ࣬ټ̫ϸӦƪͩԼҲ֪ԼĻ۾жô
үƲѾ׼ˡ͹к
ͩԼλãŶŮµΪռˣҲһϲ£ûа׷ѡ
ɲǿ죬оĻѾˣʱͻƵʥȥĵؽе
㻹УĻۻһЩټٵĴڣҪ׼һЩɽ֮УȵЩ鱦Ƴɹ֮ѡǿķ鱦ϣʱ֮ҲԱ֮ͩҡͷԵռͻʥ򼶵٣ǿµĳ̶ȣͩˣһСûˡ
ǣү˳ӵصͷӦ

ͩһʿǳضܣƼȣӵұȱ١
ͩλʱ
ͩӵһ䴫ϵͳϢˣһʧǷĶǸ
Ķ
Ӣͨսһͨ㣬ش֪ͨȺ׵100㡣ϵͳ齫Ϣ˳
үӢѾˣЩżʵ
ͩЦЦ˵ӢСӴҲ࣬һǰʱͣڵڶ㣬һӾʹ˵㣬һ˰
ҲգЩӣҲҪȥһ£ٶĻ۾ж󡣡ͩϿȥǳȻʵҲʤ֮ġ
ڶ죬ͩ뿪Ĵи
μˡͩػڴиǰʯʨ
ʯʨ˹ͩһۣ˵Ѿܾûˣ׼ְȥɡ
˵꣬˴иĴš
лˡͩһ£лһ̤˴и
ľָңͩɵؽȥˣʱľָ˵û棬ͩˢ߽˼²ҵԱߵһ֮С
ۺЧһӾֳˣͩһϾ붨ˣᶥһӿͩʶڵķƬڷ񱮵֮£˲ƴ


230
ͩ붨֮Ȼ˹һʱ䣬һٶʮʱȻֻ֮һͩһβʱĻͩһļ£һٶʮʱ
һβֻʮʱʹﵽԲľ磬ٶȲòͩе𾪡
ͩû˷ʱ䣬֮ˢʱͣſԱ붨
ºͩŴ붨֮˹ʱѾȫ˷񱮵ᶥ
ľֺ֮УʱҲ붨
ͩûд֮еκһˣߵһõĲǰˢ˽ȥ
ٶרľϵ鱦ƣٶۣʹͩõ˷Ļر
ľ֮ĵ£ڷ񱮵£仯ӿͩԪ
ʱ䵽ˣɡͩĲ
ͩҲûаʲôδ뿪˲ңңһλϥ
һºͩ˫ۣһζĹâ漴û
һٶʮʱ֮ڣ´ﵽԲ磬ͩеǳ⣬ͩٽʱȴµķ񱮲ҶռˣͩҲû취ľֺ֮Уֻʣһҡ
һŵľľ֮񱮵ˡľ֮񱮣Ϊһص£ķ񱮡

ͩû̽ȥϸ˼һ֮ͩǾȺ򣬵ȵ¶Բĳ̶֮ȥۿ
ͩʶռ䡣
С飬ͨʦƵͩԸ
С飬֣ͩ˸֮ͩҪϡϢƵȵȹֻҪˣʶ
ǣˡ
һƵͩǰ
ͩк£ȥ鲻ҲȷʵˣӢһһս㣬ʦĵȻޱȸˡ
Ҫ̣񱮵򣬵Ӧѡ¶͸֮ȥãھȥ򣿡ͩɻʵ
ţĲѶȻԶڸ֮ϣյԽ࣬ʱѶҲԽ󣬲ӦģջҲԽࡣ㣬зҵĽ飬ûǵȫ֮ȥɡĺôǽʡĴҪķʵ̫ˣͲǴսܽģպעȺ׵Ļۡ˵
£ںϡһ£ͬһ֮£ԲʿԺͻ㹻ߣһξͿԳɹںǡԲγɹԲγɹԲĴγɹԲγɹ
ͩɵһ£Ҳ̫һɣԼĲֻʣĴˣ԰ľ֮¶Բĳ̶ȣҪںǣɾˡ

ȷʵޱȼѣ񱻿ڷںϣԴԪľ
ͩǧŻз񱮿ᶥֻҪ㹻ܹɰĳһַ³嵽Բ硣
ûз񱮣ͩŰԣһַ£ӳԲʱǧϣڷںϣǸңңˣֻҪܹںϳɹԪľҲ޷ɹ
񱮵ǿֻҪ㹻Ҳ㹻Ǿ񱮴йᶥ֮ɾܹﵽʮҲ޷ﵽľ硣
رַˣЩҰʮ֮ڳ֮ǰĻԽۺ񣬳֮ͺôԽ
ͩз򣬰Ļ³Ϊ۷Ԫһ֮ãҲԪľ֮ǰա
з񱮵İٶȻٱҲ˵һңܹ޳з硣
Ƿ񱮵ĲԿԴﵽ֡
һ°ɣһľ֮һ߿񱮣Ҫȫ͸ܹҪʮҵĲзʮ֮࣡
ǿսܣ
սҲʮŲѣȫҲʵϣ´ʮŲսͳΪǿĴˡ
⻹ֻзѣҪΪԪʮһȱһɡĴǴﵽ˶ٴζ
Щô죿ջҪȺ׵һ
ԣȺ׵ޱҪ

ͩΪֻи̾ΪΪ˲񱮣ֶΪȺ׵ߣƫƫȺ׵ǲܽ׵ġֻҪԼȥۣ˶ΪȺףȺԽԽǿ󣬵ҲԽԽ
һ񱮣һȺ׵㡣
ʵ԰
ȻҲԼҪȥ񱮣Ҳܳɲ
ǵһ񱮵İ֮ȥ̵ؿޣǼֱɱܡͺһܹ˽ʳٻĻʵۣҪΪһؤȥǺεʹࣿ
ͩҲˣⲻ⣬ʱǱģǰڽʡʱԽ࣬ԤԼ׷ԪʱԽࡣ
Ҳ񱮣ͩҲһسΪۡԱȲ񱮳ΪҪꡣ
ȥɵԪ޵ģʵԪ޵ģһԪͷ֮ǰ޷ͻƼԪ֮λôһ֮·൱ھʹ˶Ͼˡ
֪ͩԪͷҪõʱ䣬ھԲǼԪڣͩҲûôʱȥ˷ѡȻз·ͩȻ
񱮱ϵĻԵֻ֮оŴ󳬼ӵз񱮡嶼ûԵڲҲÿ˶Եܹ񱮵ģͬҪһһȥȡ
ͩȡˣԵǾɵˡ
Ⱥ׵㣬ʵҲ׬ֻǺˡһ㡱ѡ
һͨ鱦׸Ⱥ⣬Եõ1Ⱥ׵㡣е鱦Ի90ϣϵ鱦Ի900ϣͨ鱦Ի9000ϡ
ڰɣһĺڣ
һηҪ1000Ⱥ׵㣬һǿһ۷Դͨ鱦ֻܻȡ9βᣬ춼ء
ͩҲⷽĴ㣬ȡȺ׵㣬ǰϣŵսȥ
ȻսҲǲܵģͩʱϣܹʹսõ޶ȵ
ԲһʽʽѾõ


231  Բ
ľ֮֮Уͩ˼£綾¡
УͩԾ綾յ룬ֻĳ̶ȣ;ѴСɾ硣
޷ۺͩʣĴβᣬĵõˡպãһλﵽԲͬһβ῰ﵽԲ綾µ˷ͩһΰĲﵽԲ
ʣµʮʱͩɴ֮Уһ
ľ֮񱮣ϻһòɡ֦Ҷγһ쳣磬һȥͩ·վþ֮ǰۿתΪ
žһжޱȵİأ֦ҶԲҶϻ䡣һеһж˲Ԥ֪Ĺ켣
ֻͩһʧС
ϢӿͩԪ
ЩϢͩη񱮣ûָо
ڴʱͩԪĵ֮֮š
䱦ӡ̫屦¼ƪ̫֮ϸӦƪľġ
ͬʱͩġԪʼ̵ҲͬʱתϸͬʱȻԪ֮ѶϢܹͩݡ
ʱ䵽ˣԳˡڴʱͩĲ
ͩ붨˹һ̾߳ľ֮ҡ
ˣһ²̡ͩľֺҵʯʨʵ
˵ûвᡣ
֮ͩǰľ֮ʱĸ˵˳
ŶΪ۲ԭ򡣷ҲܵģҲӵķ֮ǰ򸱱ᶥ֮ЧȫΪ֮ǰ޻۶ɣֻۻΪĲѶģûۺĻȻޱȵѡν²ֻΣԶԵġһֱػŴиȻԵط쳣˽⡣

ͩڻ·ϣа˼Ȼ֮ûвͶǷ񱮵ᶥҲΪ֮ǰۺޱȵĻ¡
ûۺĻۣ񱮾ͻԵޱȵؾ
һγʱ£Ȼ֮ǰ۵βᶼõˣջȴСľ֮ѾԲֻԲЩˡ
ҲʮʱջͬС
ͩصֱ֮ӱչһջ
һչؾʮ¡
ͩ붨֮˹һһ⣬Ƿ֮ס
ͩĻѾ㹻ͻƵˡ
һ룬ͩתԪԪޱȣʤ۷ľ֮¾ԲѾ໥ں֮
ͩһ֮УȻռ䣬ȡ۽
ʽͩһ¼ӳֽȥ
䡪ҵıըռ䡣
Ȼ䣬һɾ޴ӽʽ֮бͩϮ
ͩʼϲԶ壬Ϊͩ޴Ȼһɲõͩϡ
ͩһشһѪҲ°գڵء

үôˣ˹ͩǱޱȵѪڵϣһ͵ӡ
Ͻسͩޱۡ
û£ֻǸղɶѣ»壬ƲأվָܹͩƲأû˼
үô߻أȻ֪ͩǺ񹦣ô˫ȴǷǳͩĹƽͣͩĻ۸ۺ񣬲߻ħ֮Σ
˵䣬ͩص¥
ʱ򣬹Ҳӱչ֮гˣͩǱӣͬżʵôˣǣ
⣬̫һЩͩѾΪʲôᱻˡ
ʲô⣿ָͩϣϸһ£ͩûд󰭣û˼ڷ˵ģʿ˵ֻһ¾ָܹ
Ϲֻͨǰʽ˽ޱȣһһʽзҸղžڳýʽǿں£ֻ벻ɻôͩڻ£Ҫ»ڿ¾㲻Ҳˡ
ԺСһЩԵռȥԹǶͩû̫ľȡ
ͩһĴȣеѽǹģôû뵽أ֮ţ˭һ֪ͩ⻰˵һҲûС
ѽûǿں£һҾ͸о˼飬Ҳ㳢԰Ц
ˣүڻǶϢ㣬ҷүȥϢȥ׼һЩԵĸү߽ͩ¥

˵ĵҩ֮ͩѾָ߰˰ˣʣ¾ˡ
ռ֮Уͩһһڳں¡
ֻǷȷʵͬ죬һһεؽͩռеʶͶӰ˻
ҲҺռһռ䣬Ҳܹ
ͩһһεϰں£һһεʧܡ
ռ䣬ͩסׯ԰֮УͩһʧܣɽͩˣʶֻҪ˳ռ䣬ٽͿȫָ
Ҫȡһŷ򣬲һѣҲգȳں˵ͩ̾һЩûԲ֮ǰܹͩǿںϣԲ£ҪǿںϣǾͲһļѣԲעͿɷɡ
ԣֻͩȴں˵ͩѡϤļ£Լ¡
һȥˣͩһչʱ䡣
ͩ޽ʽԲµںϡںϻǽŵʮʱá
ͩҲʦ̹һָ㣬ͩ׹
ԭǿںԲǴعģطɡ
ͩһǿںԲ£ֱΪҺûɴΪˣͩһйʶעĲΡ
һţʣµĶǧٶˣھһʮ֮󣬶˳ĽǣսսϣֻаӢһͨ˵㣬ʮͨڶ㣬ڵһ㵽ڶĹؿ


232  һȺ׵
Ȼռ֮Уͩӵת޼۵ͬʱҲڰԼС
˹֮ĵؿʼɶһǿ糱ĿУʵү㻹ûгɹ𣿡
ţ̫СںԲµѶˣȣҪʮĲȫںԲ£ٴ֮󣬿ɾˡͩĶһ߻ش
үΣĶСһЩ
ѡ񣬵һͻƵֻ֮£ڲްաڶѡ񣬾׬ȡ㹻Ⱥ׵㣬ͨﵽںµĽֻ֮ǰĻþҪһʱ䡣ͩҡҡͷ˵
ү㲻ż𣿡ʵ
ʵвҪսͩĵλֻͩһֱûиʩаˡ
żʲôǣЩĿǳ֮һ𣿡ͩһȻЩ궼ڱչУһЩͩ᲻֪
޷Ǿǵǰǣһһʵǿرǰʮʥţͩ⣬ȫͨսڶ㡣
Ҫ֪ŶǷֲεģһεţͺ󼸸εѾв˶ͩλˡ
ǰһҲûС㿴ͩ˵֮٣̾һСӡ
٣˼ҾˣôŰɣĶ󣬿еҲԽˡ
û취
磬ֵͩ

ͩһοʼȻרעľϵƣľ֮Բ£ͩ˿̵ˮ׼һ¥
ڲͬģԽ񣬶һİҲԽˮ׼Ҳ֮
ΪľϵԲַ뷨֮Уڷ֮ԽȻͻľϵ
ܹͩ鱦Ƕõı취ǿľƷȻطʹ÷֮еĽںϣȻݻ
ַԭʼķ
Ȼ󣬻һַǾֱڷ̥֮ϴ
еѶȻȷ̥ҪӲӲ³ȻǱء
ڶַգһˮƽˮƽȻӲܡ
Ƕգտߵķ
10081ӴԶ֮ʦϰҪءҲЩļأֻûֳɵйЩؽ˵ˣй10081ϡ
ͩѾģ֮ҪȵشҪµöࡣҲˣߵҪҲߵöࡣ
ҪͩЩۣͨԼ͸򣬼ԼڷĲ̶Щ
ʦֱѧϰȻˮƽﵽ֮ٴ鱦
ͩеƴͼһƴȻƣȱ˶һǧСĹһ鱦ѵһء
رͩ㣬ûʦָ㣬ֻҪѧǾ͸ˡ
ɹˣôҲСͩڽƵĸԽȻ鱦ʱԽӵӦֻ֣ҪƵõܹƳ

ռ䣬ס
μʦͩڵѯϵͲ֮
ھʱĽ֮ͩջС
ô͸΢ЦʵѵԽԽˣΣǿںԲµƿϰɣ
ǵģʦͩ̾
ͩԲֹʮ죬ۿŻжʮҪһΪٸѵˡһȻʮ̤֮꣬ͩ·һΡ
ܹԲѾѵˡһ֮·ڵΣûļҪǧޣܽں£򡣡ЦЩͩһֱûͨսڶ㣬ͩʵսһ㿼Բ£ڶ㿼ں¡ںϣԴơ˵߲㣬ͿԳΪһˡ
ֻͩ͸Բ£ںϾ൱ѡ
ʦָ㡣ͩ
ڵĻۣʵѾΪֻβᣬܹɹľ֮ˡ񱮵ĻᣬȴֻǴսһ·ԿȺ׵һȺ׵ҲֻȺ鱦˵գһһһĻ֡
һȺȺģԿûпɣûԵ

Ļϵȷʵ٣簵ɱһЩжĳţıһ½򣻶ȡĳ֮ռһЩϡ
ףͩؿռռ佻׾ʱÿһռ佻׾Իȡһ񾧻1Ⱥ׵㡣
ôͽʲôҪˣЩٶ񼶱ʵӵвΪʦҲСӡ̾
ռ佻׾ͽԵɺϵõͩ˵
ռ佻׾㵹ǻԵСѹС֮죬ΪʦҲһ飬ȴǻԵáǳֻһĻˮнҲһռ佻׾ֻ龵ǴȺ֮жһġ
ϵĿռ佻׾١ͩСز
ж٣ʵ
һǧ֮ͩ˵ʵֻʮ֮һ
٣ȵؽе
һǧͩش
СӣΪʦϾ͵㵽ſڵΪʦΪʦȥؽе
ͩմͿηֻһУһַͩȻ󳯳ȥ
ҲֻϵĴڣŸôŵǵϿշС
СӣȻ˾ȣһΪʦõӡ˿ޱȵظˡ
ӢžԴںϿռ䷨򣬵һս㣬ѾԽͬһʯˡΪ֮еĵһˡ
ͩʵȱֻۣȱһԵĻ۱ȰӢۺ񣬶ƫƫЩ۶ڴսİΪ㡣ֻͩҪٲľ֮пں£ʵǿ


233  һҹ
ɭϣûгſڵɭϣͩˣֻҪݿ˵ݵλ֮ͩϵĽˡ
ǳûжҲͬǿȺʥ֮һۣȻǿޱȡ
ͩߵһСƫ֮⣬ָƫĴ˵Ⱥһ⣬һȺ׵㣬ҲȺ׵һҪıɱҲܶһ
ʦȺҪôᡭֵͩʵ
ô˲ʵӿڵ
ͩ˵ͷ
Ǻǣȥ֪ˡûж˵ʲô
ƿƫĴţĿĲСңҲǹĴãһͩǰȴ֪ﾹȻҲһ
⣬ǣͩؽе
ͨռ౦ڡ༯ʵٵһԳռͨȺĺ֮أ߰ɡ˵գһֹͩɽ
ʦռôᡭͩɻ˵
һʱϵôû˿ѹǰɣ
ͩͷռ峬ٷУ˺һռ֮ڣܹޱٷСʵһʱ涴һ㣬صľ롣ǣռ֮ڣռŰ쳣Ҳֻ񼶵ǿڣС
ܼ򵥣һԵȻҪôڣһҪؾȶ𣿡

ͩһķ䣬䲻ֻվңͩǰһʯ̨ʯ̨һյӡ
һӰ֮д˳׹֣ӡ
Ǳһʹߣһʲô
Ŷˡͩûжʲôóһװһǧռ佻׾Ĵָ˹ȥЩһ˰ɡ
һʹùһɨ֮£ɫռ佻׾һǧöɶһȺ׵һǧٵ㣬Ƿһ
ǡͩӦ
һɹ鿴ݿ
ͩóݿһ飬ȻȺ׵һǧٵ㣬һһǧ߰ʮ㡣
Զһı嵥ڴˣв鿴һĻͩǰ
ͩϸһƣĻֳ鱦ɱѡ
˵һһ񱮵Ļȵȡ
ͩ㿪ĿһɨͲ鵽ˣ񱮲ᣬһǧһΡ
ͩԥػʮβᣬһȺ׵㣬ν൱ݳޡ
ַͩɱгͨɱеɱϵɱɱɱѡ
ͩʶصһɱѡһ䣺Ȩ޲ѡ񡣡
Ȩ޲ƣ
ͩ˳ŵ
ɱѡȨ޲ѡ񡣡
ϵɱѡȨ޲ѡ񡣡
еɱѡȨ޲ѡ񡣡
ͨɱѡȨ޲ѡ񡣡

ͩƵҡҡͷѡ鱦ѡ
ͩһδˣͨ鱦ѡʼ鿴
ͨ鱦㿪һƣвٸѡ˵ࡢࡢࡢԴࡢࡢࡣ
ͩһһ㿪鿴
ͨ鱦ǳ࣬ϵ죬еϵҲжϵһֵ㵽֮䣬Ͷ㣡
ͩڸѡҵ˿ռ佻׾һֻ2Ⱥ׵ͿԵõһ顣Ȼס֮
ͨ鱦ıﲢ󣬵ǴսĽԶһһף˹򡢱Դȵ鱦װԼ
ǣȺ֮УҲÿ˶ʸһ鱦ģȺĺı⣬˸Ƕ̤˵һ鱦ˡ
ԣ֮е鱦Ȼˣʵϣ಻ɢҪõ鱦ֻͨ;õ
ͩһ£ԼܿҪͻƵ񣬶֮¿̲ݻǿĶɽٷǱġͩԭĴȸ꣬ȵ֮Ƶ鱦֮١
˵ʵóͨ鱦٣ʵ̫ѣһ٣Ҳļʮͨ鱦
ͩǿԿǶһһеȷ鱦ֵ١
˰죬ͩӷ鱦֮ҵһе鱦лԪɡãе鱦֮еļƷ500Ⱥ׵㡣
ͩһҹ͵ı500Ⱥ׵˵С˼ֱӶһ˳Ȼ뵤ʼ
ȻֶͩһһԴе鱦Դ鱦Դ飬һ˵֮Դûκιͷ֮Чȴڴ洢ȵľ֮ʱ֮ԴЧֳˡ
رǵꡢںϣصˣֻг˯ָ˷֮ԴֻҪǱɱָҲ᷽öࡣ

鱦ıԴ౦ֻܴ洢λµļķͨ鱦ıԴ鱦Դ洢50ķе鱦Դ洢һϵ鱦Դ洢ͨ鱦Դ洢
λķԶǿλֻɱıԴܴ洢
е鱦Դ飬ͩķһȫϵ־սҲԴ飬ͩ1150Ⱥ׵㡣
Դ鱦ͩڻ޷ƣΪҪļ̫ߣԵͿԽˡ
һӣͩԭһǧ߰ʮȺ׵㣬һһǧʮ㣬νǼΪݳޡ
ʣµģɴȫɷ񱮲ˡͩ˵漴ֻߴβᣬֻͩʣһٵȺ׵ˡ
һˣôȥͩʵ
һʹһ֣һռų֣˵ǳڡ
ллͩת߽˿ռţͨϤĳռֻͨͩص˳ƫ档
Ѿ뿪ˣͩռ֮иһţתиȥ
ʮߴβᣬͩڿνǳŶΪŬսͩȴѾӵʮߴβᡣ
ͩ㹻ټЩᣬͩķﵽһߵˮƽۿʱŶΪﵽʥ֮Ԫɴ֮ãԻ񲢲ѣѵΰЩۻΪʵΪ
вʿתĹϣͺﵽ۷ʥв٣ֻ֮˿ԿΪǵĻ޷תΪʵΪ


234  ľ֮
ҲҪԴܶѻģȷ·ߣǿķ񱮣õս񽲿Σɳǿ߳䵱״ʦЩֶѾﵽ˼ޣʣµľű컯Ŭˡ
ѹֻ֣Ҫѡ˴֮еţֻҪ;䣬ļʾǰٷ֮١
ͩһǧռ佻׾ѻʮߴβᣬԿԿƿֲ
ΪôӴõȥõ񾧣һ֡
ǿϧȺ׵޷ף޷;ֻöһȺˡǣͩҲΪռ佻׾ͩҪж٣ҳɱһҲߡ
һǶʮȥˣҲǶʮʱȥˡ
ͩԴʮǰӴи֮󣬱ز
ٹ꣬Ǵ˴ѵӡ
ǧţʣǧˣ˽߰ˣһμ⣬һЩʱġ
һֿͼ޵һսʽȺ׵ĽѶȵĲͬҲͬķ10100㲻ȡ
Ⱥ׵ĺôøˣһѵ˶ǹڣûһ鱦˼ͱ˴к
ûɵӣôõĻ´Ҫǣɲô׵ˡ
ԣҶᣬ׬ȡ㹻Ⱥ׵㣬Ȼӱ֮жһһЩ鱦áҲвڸ֮УνǴɳʤ̭ˡ
񴳹սڶǰʮʮλźͰӢͲȱȺ׵⡣ǻϲμӸǰѾڷϣڰٳ߸ͷٽһøĲᡣ
1000Ⱥ׵㣬˵ʵ̫ݳˣǸܹ1000Ⱥ׵㣬ѵʱ׷ġ

ͩѾͬ˵ıˮıǩΪֻͩǰڱֳǿʵͳĽ
սڶˣѾﵽ˰ʮ֮֮࣬ûͩӰ
ͩĶľ׺ƽǳɻ󲻽⣬ֻ֪ͩЩ󲿷ʱ䶼ڱء
᷿ͩ䣬ƴ֮ϣͩ˫ϥһͻȻ䣬˶ʮ˫ۣ͵˫֮û۰׺飬Ǹֳ޾ɫУǿϢͩ֡
ҺãǾطӹ̵ģϢûдȥ
˺һ˫۵вɢָ
ԭǷ򡣡ͩ̾һ漴Цҳɹˣĳɹˡ
ľ֮һķ򣬶Ƿ¡
ͩȻʥ򼶱͸һķ򣬶ʱͩϵϢҲڲϵͻڼıֻ֡ҪͩԸ⣬ʱԽ񼶱
ΪٵԭͩѹͻƵĳ嶯ΪﲻǶɽٵĵطɽ٣ǼֱǸ֣Լǻ
ͩռ䣬˽ס
ӢȻҲ
٣Ӣ겻ͩк
ͩı仯ܴȻ紫ŵһ㡣Ӣеģһ۾Ϳڵͩͼʮǰȫͬˣǲһ˵
̬ӦÿﵽսĲˮ׼˰ɣͩ΢Цתƻ
٣ҵĵڰʽӦþܹĲˡӢҡҡͷش
㻹ר޿ռ䷨Ҫ֪޵һзֻҪܹ߲㣬ͿԳ񡣶Ŀռ䷨ôʮһܳԪޣ㻹ǿһ¼һŵһзɡͩȰ˵

ͬʦֵܣͬһ½˽̹ͩ׵ؽ顣
Ժ˵ɡӢΪ֮˵뿪˽ס
ͩҲûȰ˵Ӣ̫󣬾ȻҪר޿ռ䷨򣬳ֱ֮ӴλĲΡ
ѶȣͩϹŽٶ٣Ҫѡ
ϹŽڶɽ棬ֶ٣֮лǼΪ˳ġֱָλĵ·ʵڲһѡ
ռ䷨ںϣµı仯ںϾѾˣ˵µںϡͩı鱦һռͩڿռ䷨Ļһֱڻ
ֻͩһֱûаѲص棬Ϊ֪ͩǳѣҪɼزԣܿռ䷨ĻۻһֱĽϼӺͩȻѡУ޿ռ·ӡ
Ȼר޿ռѶȺͼеѶȣʵǲģֻǼ޵ĺôܹӵ㹻ԪȥʣµСר޿ռ䣬µľԪ
ר޿ռĺôǿռ䷨һɣ֮зͳ֮ǰзҪ򵥵öࡣ
г޿ռʱѶȻҲ½һЩǺͳ֮ǰ޿ռ䣬Ҫʮ
˵ӢҰ֮ͩȡһֱͨ۷֮·ޱȼѵһ·
еҰĸģͬʱ޿ռʱ䣬ҪֱָʣɲǿЦġ

μʦͩظ
ţȻɹˣϲ㡣ɱȰӢǿö࣬һ۾Ϳͩ˿̵ľ硣
ǵģʦѾľ֮ʦѯʣľ֮ʱɬƺͩ˵һ˵ʲôζ
ţܺãôܹһķ򣬴һ㿴񼸺ûκˣҪĵľ١ֻҪ㹻ķ鱦Ҳ̫ѡЦշľ磬ֳַɳơСɡɡԲĸС硣
Ʒһľ硣ǲ֮ȫڣﵽ겻֮ҪСɣĽҪﵽɣҪﵽȫշ򣬿磬Բһһ߽ͬľ磬ҪϵķԲ˽ﵽںϡŽպںϸķտռ䷨ĳһַ£ʵﵽһޡʱǾҪռ䷨ܽλ񡣡λĻֽΪͩ
ͩˣʱһ
Ȼ͸һķʵľƷľ綼ǿϾķ룬֮ǰķǲˡԣҪһϤͬʱɡ˵
ͩڵľ֮򣬿ƶ㲻ϣҪͶ֮䷢ӳܣͩ˵һСһ󿳵һΣպͳء


235  ʵ
ڵʵӦÿɵشս㣬Զͬţ˵شЦ۹ǲһ㡣
ǣʵòȥսĲ㣬⣬طâɡ漴
ǣʦͩͷӦͩ⣬ս˳ͷʵ⣬Ҫǲ񱮵Ļᡣ
ͩʣµĲʮΣνǼΪ̬
ͩʱҪͨսȡ񱮵ĻᡣԣϰԵĵ͵ͩһֱûȥսڶ㡣
ʵʱûǸҪ
ͩһֱص˱ķоϣҷſ½ɢԪǴ洢߸ռ䡣
һ£Ԫǲܱ洢ģֻͩϵȴǼΪıڸĿռܹԲ£ܹԪ߼
ֻǴ洢ռɢǲġҲֻޱȵ
ͩ˿ѾΪ뿪֮ˣ½ԪŻ֮Ч
ܹ֮ͩ죬˲񱮵Ļ֮⣬ҪĻǻ۹ۺЩڿޣרͬʱҲԪ֮ΰ

ռ䣬ס
ͩӢԼλ״һ·ϸŽΪǽڿΡ
ͩΪڽ֮򡣶ͩЩʱо֮¡
֮ǰһЩ벻͸ĵطһ͸ˡ

ˣͽͩͰӢ£˶°ɡ˽֮󣬷Ը
ǣʦҵȸˡ˶ȥ
ͩͰӢԴȴš
£ΪٹЩʱգǵ֮ھҪˣܿǾҪ뿪ˡЩҪǽһ˵
ͩͰӢͬػشʦ˵
ǶǾѡľӢţǣϲʽǣռǿΪʥ쳾˵Ҳ˵ռҪΪռʿԪǧ꣬ô̵ʱרзǾԲġʥѾԶһ棬ͻɷͬɵúþнпֱӽǼβ񱮵ĻᡣɵòãȻҪܷġ֮ǾҪ飬֮ɳԲעȻ
ͩͰӢ˶ޱ飬ɫֵ൱Ⱥš
ǺܿҲӵϲ񣬶ÿһ˶ܲͬѶȺͽѣĲء˵գͣͣɨ˶һۡ
ǰʮǿߣλеһΣӵҲԽѣҲԽʮһʮǵڶΣԴơǳʱһĻַţҲףεҪ˰ɣʵ

ͩͰӢһۣصصһͷ
εĲͬܵĺôҲͲͬͩģ磬ӵβ񱮵ĻᣬͲεŶĴΣĴεĲ࣬ͲεһҲ޷ֲ
ǰӢҲֻĴβᣬһβᣬľֻһ
ֱͩ۵ߣһ֮УΨһһţΪʲôĻʮһβġΪͩ˼η񱮣һӾˡ
ͩڻ֮ϵĻۻĻƾͩڻʮβᣬһŷ򶼲¡
ò˵ʵ̫ˣ֮ǿʢ˥Ҳŷ񱮵Ĺ͡
ԪֶΣ˷˼
󣬾»ֲεıԣҪ׼ܵ˵
ʦԺʽչӢʵ
սÿֻһսĻᣬֻ߲սҲ˵ӢսһεʮλͩڡͩսͬεĵһҲԲսȴҪӦ˵ս˵Цһͩ˵ͩ鷳ȻС¸¸¡
ͩһ±ӣһЦҲ֪϶˵սԼ鷳ȷʵСϾǰʮ֮УҲֻԼ
Ӣɵӣûдӽ֮㵣ģ˼ֻ
ͩһЩ˲ʵ

֪֪ˣս
ͩλͬʦ֣һֱǿ֣Ӣм˽ġͩǿĲΪٶȣҲ츳ЩӢϲ̫ͩࡣӢɵĻ̫ͩز©
ЩӢʵȴһֱûѡսͩǰӢûʱ䣬ûбʤİա
ԴӵһͩӢʹûп͸ͩʵʵҲͬˡ
Ҫ֪ǰʮļλŸ֣ӢҲܹſǵʵĸޡ
ɾǿ͸ͩʵ
˵Щͩһֱרһ˵ˣȻʹнۣȴ˿ʵ½
Ǿֻһͣʵһֱûаͺͽٶ½
ֱ߰Ӣڵͩǰǿ£ϵʦӢԽӿ϶Լжϡ
ңӢҲ²⵽ʦ˵ǷԼҪ˷սͩϣ
һ۰ӢһĨ⣬ŰӢһ˼ӣа̾ԼյӣûһǼֻ֮ϣǶ˲ᵶɡ
ΪʦҲаƫ֮٣һڰصڸ֮Ĺϵ
Ŷǹ°ģͬʱҲǰԵ˵ġ
ÿŵĳɳ̤ŵʬ۷ġ
ȺҪ֮㣬ͱҪ֤ԼиſԳɲġЩҪͬΪƷȺʧԣΪʦҪ֮Ĺϵǰϡ
ϣÿһȺѡĴʦܺõΪǱĬعš࣬ı족һͳȥ޶ȵرⷢڧΪҪ֮棬ȺŽҪġ


236  ػΣϡ£
ȻһƵ֪ͨ˴׼ȵսģʽ»ֲεȼԴӦεĴ
Ϣ˲ˣЩ䣬ȻȡĪĽвʿԾԼȵǿ̫̫࣬Ҳ˲ԼĴԼʵȡ
ӲμŴսȼһֱصӰÿһţǿߵĴԴҪ㹻ߵļͲΡ
ѡеǧţΪΣÿһ˶޿Ҫǰʮǰʮĸλ
ѵӪ֮У˽ǲģǲϵġ
ڣˣôе䣬еû䣬еǿеźڷ
Ѿ뵱ŴսʱȫͬŴսʥ򼶵ʿռ˱ˣ˵Ϊǿơ
˵Ϊʥ۷壬ȫûΪϵĲ࣬ڴΪƽ£ŶΪԼȥ
һ׻˵ǾʱѾͬˡ
вٵλǰʮʥţѾսսϣӢԴĳɼλӵһ֮»ʮ˴ڶ㣬˻϶ڵһ㡣
ڶʮ֮УռݵŴսǰʮĲʮ˶ѡ
ɳʤ̭һʱȲԶȡ

֪ͩϢҲչУʵķɺҲڵ״̬
ȻͩûΪ»ֲεıԶѹʵڿ˵Ƿǳطˡ
Ҫ뿪ˣͩΪλ֪䱸һö䡣ЩͩҲá
ԷһöռıؽɢȺ۵һ𣬻ͨޡ
ͩ⻯ڵɽ죬һܿռ䣬ӶС߿Ƽ˾˶ԼĶռΪӪ
ܿռ䣬һ޴Ĵ½ռ˾޴С൱ڵڶһ㣬ֻǾԻеġ
ǣڶȴʤܹܺõִ뼯ȨڳȺڲĴѡ
Ǿ仰һǿ壬ڲϲĲȴŽΪɡ
ӵˣ֮еľӢ󲿷ֶ԰ΪҪɡͨʿ֮УӵĴڡ
ͩͨĹϵŪö䲢ѡ
ʱһμͩǰʱ䶼λ֪Ȼ޸ޱߡ

Եĵص㶨ڶ̨ɽ֮Уһʿ֮ءڴ˵أ󲿷ʿİΪҲʱдԡ
ǧ۶̨ƵΪߣִ֡
ˣ˰ɣغܼ򵥣ÿֻһսᣬս֮ˣÿοһսʤ߿ԼսʧȥᣬɡƵڣǿҪηսˡ
ֻ̨һ޴ƽ̨ûл̨ʲôģֻǿԻһЩЩɴСơ
ǧۣʵڶ̨ϣǧ˲ۡ
Ϊһεʮˣʯͩκ涫׽ܡ֮¡㡣Ȼʲô˶ʸսģֻڵʮһʮ֮Ķʮ˲ʸս
ս˳ӵ͵ߣԽԽѡȨ
Ӣڵʮԣһվ˳ǻǰʮʮ֮С
ӢĴЩ׹Ժաǰʮʮ֮Уһ˶ܼѹ
ӢԭĴ㣬սͩģǼǰһͷ
Ӣڵһ
ʵϣʵȷʵų˰Ӣͩǵһսڶš
ʵԲҽٶҲ
ãӢһˣɡ˰ӢɵԶĵط
Ӣ᳤վĶ棬ɫƽ
УҫأΪǿӢһǿߣþȫһ־ǿר꣬һ崴ط

޾Ĺâ·̫һ㣬ҫأй޾ܡһУܺˮйأ赲رںֹ֮֮󣬸ޱȡ
ӢḻһУ֪ЧģҲͬ޷ɵġ
ؿսʽɿգӢҲûв׾ĸַǿط֮£Ѱ·ˡ
˫Ϊϲ£˭Ҳѹ˭ƴľطͷ򾳽ˡ
ɿսһһֲĺڶγɣ͵޾âԼٶȥ
Ӵſռµܣסж޿ˣ޿ɽѡ
ɫһ䣬ȴ벻ӢʵȻǿ󣬿ռ䷨ܹȻǿޱȡ
ֻȫ߷ҫأһҵҪܹ١
ȫ߷֮£طɣȻס˺ڶ
ƺͰӢ˵ı뽩֡
Ӣӿֳ޾Ľ죬·һص񽣡ų޾ȥһ޾֮еڮ
ȫɰӢ
ؿսʽգӢ˽־棬ٳɣֳһ˽ףͻֱӴ˺ڶֱϮ塣
ڽӽ֮ǰѾǷֵ磬ȴ޷ֳȥ赲˽
Χռ䱻֮£ȫɿսǣƵ£ֻر˽С
ڶͬʱʧαõʮײˤڵأѪ˲ᡣ
ˡݺݵص˰ӢһۣǹسԼˡ
аϣӢϵһı˵˵ʮȴȻһսĻᣬⲢ

ֻǲſʼѾ˼ң˸еѹ
սҲʼˡ
嵵κĵεսԼĵεսʼˡ
ȻҵĪڵڶһεս
һεսҲǲпģƼƵ֡ս֡
ܣӢʤʮѡսѡ񡣡ƵطԸ
ڰӢҶûио֣Ϊսսʵ֣ӢΪǧ֮Уһ㣬ҲΨһһʵ͵õ˵Ŀ϶ͬ
һսҲ淴ӳˣսս׼ȷԺȨԡ
³˲ͻָƣȫ֣
˳Ӣǰʮˡ
ͩˣҲɵӣӵȻҪֻҪʤ֤ͩǰʮ֮ʯսҲһġ
Ŵս֮һֱͩһֻһֱûᡣ
ǰʮ֮Уͩսսϵսͣˣսڶ㣬սƽֻȺͬˡ
ֻͩͣڵһ㣬Ȼнûжˡ
ͩӣӲͷԲעͿһεԵˡ
ѡ֮󣬶ԹŹֵͩӢΪ棬ʮڴͩĳ֣ڼǰӢʹӽ֮˼ٽͩ˽⣬ѡʱ򣬱ܿͩΪͩʵ˽ͩ˵Ŀ츳

̹ͩȻվ˳ʵҪң
ɣͩϣ㲻ҪʧȻػӦɵ˿յش
ͩЦЦóһɵ˳ϣվĶ档
Կʼˡͩ˵
룡ǿһ
ɡͩһ˱ԵĻ
ƽƽ棬ֳȨȵɵر㵲Ҳûпһ־ǾУУҫءûԴʨӲãþȫɲڹΪ
ΪѾˣ
â޾ˮйһ㳯ͩõġ
ͩ¶һЦݣһӳ
ڳ˲䣬ڽ֮һΪһƽƽ棬̹âӭ޾Ĺԡ
˾ȵ鷢ˡ
ȥƽƽһȻɵ޾â֮пٳһֱͨ
ͩһӳ֮󣬱սʣתȥ
ֻգۼ䣬һпԼâ֮пԼӳֵ֮£ӦûУԼҲг롣
һУڵʯ֮䣬ͩʣתѾֻһԪ֮ͽɢ

䣬͹ըһ㣬һĻԹߣһȳ
⣬ôܣ
ѵβɣ
ͩһɱʵ̫ˡ
ͩôôǿѵײɣ
ƨռ䣬Ƕ̨԰
ʶͩͩЩ˶ԼͬضһۣԼľȺͺȻ
ӢҲ¶ŵı顣
һĻҪͩЦˣ˲ʧǺĳ˳һصĶ⣬˷йеļɶʺĽ֮⣬ԽʵҪʵǰ
вҪսͩţһ̶¶֮ɫвҺãҺһֵԼùˡ
ƵΪؿͩһۣͩһǿһЩãκ˶ȣ漴¶˼Цݡ
ܣͩʤͩβ䣬ʧȥսʸʮԽܵεսһɵڶʮĹǰսƵ
ûߣ˿ԼƢŭ𣺡ܣôʧܣôͰˣͩôܻôǿΪʲôôˣɶ񣬿ɶ񰡣
ڳеĹע֮ͩսڷйеĸ֮󣬿ͩ񶼴ż־ηͼɵͩʵʵ̫ǿˣǿһɱһͬǿߵĵز
вʣͩȻôǿΪʲôսսȴһֱͣڵһأʣֻе˲֪𰸡
ͩ˸ӵĿ֮£߻Լλãıԣûȥ۵սͩΪûһʵܹһɱȻͲɵȥ鷳ȡ衣
Ӣŵı֮¶˼ȻаȻͩһز©ĽٶҲδ̫˰ɣӢϸ֮󣬷ԼҲûаܹͩղŵ˿̻Ϣƽƽòɷһһһ㣬˾̾ף


237  
ͩǲôġӢߵͩߣضͩ˵
ͩЦЦ˵ܺãһʱȲԶȣôִڣҲҵһּ
֮·ѿеǰڽ죬ȴȱеǰڲۣȴ̷ܹһţٶȲۣȴܹһֱ۷塣
ԣһʱ֮ɾ㲻ʲô۷֮·ǲǸոտһѣͩˡ
ֲֻεսе൱˳Ҳ൱Ѹ٣̶̰¾µǰʮı仯̫󣬰Ӣλ̭˵ڶΣ仯ĻҪڶΡ
ͩʶ˳ռ䣬Լ֮УȻڲͣԪҪ֮УŵĿռûôס
ʱţʱѵ뿪ǵʱˡ
ѵӪĹ㳡ϣͩͬһǧжӡ
һƵһߴӽѧ¥˳
ߣ֪ų֮вѧһλҲӶĺĳ֮һ
ǣļѵÿһ˶о޴Ľϣܹվˣδ֧֪΢Ц˵
ϽҪ뿪磬Դӥչᡣÿ뿪֮ǰӵӶ᳤ϻ·ÿ˵ɳ̶Ⱥʱ䶼¼ڰ۹͡ףǳɹ۷塣֪ȰЦݡ
һ˵֮˾Ƶ£˵һεʱĴ

â֮˳Ƶк٣Ƶһ˵мӱֵ൱ǿư
ȷʵһҪǿһЩҲ֪Щ֮мܹ׷ǡƵͷش
Ƶ͹âͨѡ֮ΪҸҪǣͬһ챻ѡš
ˣҲˣǸԵҲᷢ͵ǵϡκ˲йԼʹ˵Щ֮УǱɵģѡ͸ˡƵ˵ת뿪
СһǣվǸ̨ȥϾҪʼˡâһǽ
ͩվ˼̨ϣĬĬȴһ
һ͹â֣һǧڹâʢ֮ʱʧ١
ԴǵӶΪÿһعŰר̺ҲһסˣǱ͵Դĸ߼ı½ãԴӶĿ
ÿһHʩΪȽϵͳǳ걸
ıͩһ˾ɳϣʾ˵Ϊ
ÿ˶һǹ񣬷ֳǼһͣߡǼԽߣԽ࣬ҲԽΣա
Ҳۣͩӵɲ򵥡
ͩΪ½۹Ӷ᳤ܻȫȨƹ۹Ӷֻᡣʱ޶ꡣڼ䣬첢ײ۹֮Ǳصϸͽ֯ɽʱ꣬ʱ䡣ͩ

ϸǿͩЦһСݸһһ۹ܻᵱ᳤νһش鰡
үƲѾ׼ˣԡصˮҲºˣ٣ݳޣԡˮȻ޸ˮҩľˮүȳԷһӣⷦ˹
ţ߳Աϴɡͩһ˵
ʱ򣬽㱨ˣͨѶǷͨ
ͨɡ̻ͩص
ͩʶͽӵ˰ɣ
ǵģʦͩӦ
ţ֪һô򵥣ԼҲǱ˵Ŀ갡ѵ
ʦγԡͩЩס
ÿһȺŵţǵжȺɱĿꡣȻ͵Ҳڵһ֮УȻҪĿꡣ͵
ͩһе˼⣬ɱжȺţڶɱδͷչǱ
ԣα֤Լİȫİɱ֮бԼİȫҲǿ֮һֻû˵ˡΪ˰ȫÿһţǶɳһӸֱӸҲΪӣһֱΪֹ˵ڻԴɣΪӵİźǲûеλǱߺͰӢǱߣΪʦһЩӢֹȥͷΪʦһʦֲյļ֮еĵһ֣ҲʦֶԽ֮еĶ֣һܹ߽ףܹ߽ֽǧжܡߣİȫӦò⡣

ͩжҪĸ֣Ⱥ֮еĵλȻͣȻܹɵԼ죬ӦþǴ˵еȨˡ
ȻȨܰĸ½
лʦͩл
úøɣΪʦ㣬ڼ䣬ҲܸİڹΧڣùṱ׵ﵽԼĿġ˵˵һЩע֮󣬾ͽͨ
ͩѾ׼һ۹֮УԲ̫ס
׼ôˣͻʥаգͩʵ
ͷӦǵģ׼ˣʱͻơ
ǺãһտĵطͿԶˡͩͷ˵
ʱһԡ۴ԡ֮˳ͩĻʵôôż
ǲ֪һҽӵǵ۹ȥ۹᳤ܻڼ䣬ҪĹǾϸͽҪĻӦĴɱ¶ֵǰԶ֣ΣأûԱ֮ɲɡͩڻش
ôΣգŮɫޱ䣬ɲǿЦģְɱѾ൱ֲˣ˵Ҫְɱֱʮ
ͷһӻң֪жˣȴʦŵһ֣˵Ҵʦֵĸ㡣ҵİȫӦò⣬ټͨκβҡͩ˵ҷǼǹǵİȫ
ģҪʱչأ󲿷ʱ䶼ȱ̬ͩĵĲ죬ΪҲãΪͩİȫҲãЩ껹ǵ͵һЩΪá


238  
ͩסı֮⣬һͦµĻ԰С
Ȼпյأɴѡˡ
ڶһ磬ſΪʥ򼶡
Ǹͩ꣬յԪΪ񣬻۸ۺޱȣͻʥʵǰܹͻˣֻǵʱ׼̫㣬Ϊʱǵѵҡ
ǵ½磬ȴû˼ˡ
ԴǶӶ½ɲõĺһǿѹڲۡ
䡪ǿƵ࣬ڣγһµС
ڴͬʱһԵѹϢҲڻ֮С
һĴ󣬾˲ǡ
ǽڳͣѵͻƵˣ
һŶʥ׶Σ˲Ż˲²⡣
˭סʵ
ԣⲻǰ٣ƺʥ٣ͻƵʥˡһλԽʶ˵
ףǲͩס𣿡йעͩϳ˱Ĺȵ
ͩн鲢ʶģľסӢ˶ԼͬڿնҪһ̽
λûµĻɸģĳͻƿûʲôֺÿġͩԴ֮֮аŲݾܾǿơ
ʱȷʵһЩ˲⣬ҪˮˡЩ˻Ƕʼͩһ˵ơ

Ӣһ˵˰ȫ⣬ȡ˳˵˶ɽ٣ɺ޿ɳܣ˸ɱ
Ҳվʾ֧֣һ֮У˱ʾԤ¡
ҪʹһЩȻǰˣⲿ˱Ͼ˶мΪ
٣רԪĬD磬һȷʵ൱ѲͩͻʱΪ׼㣬ҲһЩס
D磬ַ粻깥Ԫ񣬼Ϊ죬ΪˣǳѶԸܹʿԪ֮еʣʹԪһǿޱȡ
׼൱س֣һ鱦סֽԪϣ飬ޱ߬D紵
Ļۣɲ˵ģ˵ԪͣشԼԪӤԪѾʮּ̡
ζɽٿȥΣ֣ʵ϶˵ֻˮɰˡ
һһĬD罵£ͣؽʶԪ񣬵ԪȴǿǿɽһĲɽ
ŲD磬գʱ򣬿ֵ˶ɢȥˣʵûʲôÿģʱ䵹ԼıԼ¡
Dκβòɢأһָֻƽ
˳̤ʥ򼶡
λˡͩкһһ˱
үҳɹˣʥ򰡣ǰ붼ġرͩ

Ӷϲһ䱸ĻѾͩʮһ֮ࡣ
ʮһ֮Уֻһȫ۷ļ
ʱͩԼҲΪ˴ﵽռŬУڣȴͶʮλ۷񵱻ͩİȫ
֮ɼһߡ
Сʦ壬ԽԺİȫһߴ׶ϵıδһ׵ķ컭ꪣߵͩǰʧ˵ʮ뻮һİʿ
Խաͩ¶һƽ׽˵Цݣ˿ػصλҲһĳڴлˣԺҪиλˡ
ͩû㣬ϵĵлΪڿʼһֱʱЩ˶ҪԼϧһеرȷʵֵͩл
˲ˣܹңҲҵ֮ҡʮλش
ڴʱһߵ˱ǰ棬溰ˣɴѾ׼ʴ˺ʱ̡
ԵƬ̣һطʰһ£ϾͿԳͩ˵߽˱
磬ҪˣϽˡ֪ͩͨ
һ͹ͩߣͩս
ͩ߳˱һֵ̰ɣ

һδ˵ķɴǷˣһС͵ķɴװ¼ʮңٶȴȷŸ죡
һҾƷ߼ķߣڳռ֮УԱٱϵĹѲ
ͬеģаӢľ׵һڷ½ţǵĿĵأֻǸԽӵһѡ
ֻǴһкԻԼķˣҶҪΪ׼ûжʱ졣
Դ½½˶ʮĺʱʵϣҪ½ȥţԲŻôʱ䡣
߲ͩҪͣѲٶֱĿĵء
ˣλϢɣССرչһͩһڻ˵գ߽Լķ䡣
ɴ볬ռ䣬ٶȶ߱٣Ŀĵط½ʱ䣬Ҫܹɴ֪ͨ
ͩԼķ䣬֮а򵥣ֻʮƽףֻһԻһ¡
ͩ˵˴ϣ˫ۣʶռ֮Уʼо֮ͻϵ鱦ơ
пεʱҲȥһΡ
ͩĶǻ֮Ľγ̣вĻϵԽ⣬ͩ治ǳ
Ľһصؾ
ʮȫһڻ̸ʲô
淢һҪĿ꣬ô
ôһһĿ嵥ֱǡ
ǵűʩüΪܣּ֮ڣܲǼȥɱǰɣԲע⣬Ҳ档
ɲһţֵðΣգѵһĳţðճࡣ
ŵ壬ÿһϵĴڣÿһ꣬ǿϣҶΪóɱΪһŶԼ۽ȥǾǿˡЩţȻɳ֮󣬸ܹΪ񣬵ҲǷּģΪ˰ɱδ׵񣬲ȥɵӲŻɵ¡
ԣǼǳҲͶӰǻжʧ½ܲˡ


239  ְ
󣬷ɴ׼ʱͣڷ½쳯۶Ǽʸۿڣͩһ˷ɴ
һȥٶ꣬о仯˺ö࣬Ҳ൱ӡ֪㲻½أ
λʦֵܣǾˣԤףλɡͩźԼһİӢľסƽ˱ȭ˵
ãڡҲ飬ͬӦΪǸԶԼ񣬸ͬһܻҲܻͨޡ
ͩûе飬˷ɴֱ֮ӴԼĻٶȸϵ͵ص㣬͵۹۶С
۹λڷ½һ۹۹֪ͩλӶһλɢɺ֮ϲķͣڴ޾ٻȨơ
۹֮£ǿһΪҵżңż۹ڵ۹֮²ٺͣҲ۹ĵһ࣬˺żҾ۹ĸһֱеڡ
żĴ֮Уһ߸࣬ʮףȨƼ󣬵ںĻҲǰңǺżһȣԶԶ硣
ڶңμ۹Ĳ󳼣вżƾãʵҲͬСҪǣ֮Ǯļ塣
ƼңҲһΪƾõļ壬۹󳼣ھ൱ǿơ
ĸμң۾۹Ϸİ壬岻ڳְ֮ȴ۹һϵҵݶͬһ൱Ǯļ壬ֻʷȲңҲۺ
Ľݼңһȫ淢չļ壬вӵھ죬Ҳһ죬ҵͬ

ӶȨ޷ֻʵܼ򵥣쳯۶ӶܻǹϽ½еֻᡣ
½쳯ܵ۹۹һУԴơ
ͩڷɴϵʱ֮⣬ѼЩϢ۹Ӷ᳤Ȩ൱ģ۹ʮ߸ȫͩĹϽΧ֮ڡ
ӶеĶռ˶ܴһ
ʱӶߣûְĻ᳤᳤ʮִ¾ſڵȴţӭʽҲ׼׵
˭ҪȻôλĴﶼվſӭ˵⻰Χ۵Ⱥ֮УӶĹԱ඼֪ҪһϰȨˡ
֪Ŀ϶ҲһŶԡ
ϻ

᳤ͩʲôʱ򵽰ʻǹĵһ᳤ʾˣǿߣ
Ӧÿ쵽˰ɣյϢͩѾ쳯۶ӴǱ߹Ҳˡʴ˻ش
۷׷֮ʱͩԼĻӸϵ˶
᳤ˣˡһ˴Զ˹ؽе
ˣӾ׼ӭӡ
˿һɫۣͨʲ˳ظŶʮλĸ֡
ʶһ飬ʱɫһΪǷʮ˶ǰʮǿߵ˵һ˲ãӶ֮УҲݸ߹֮
ΪԽͩߣΪڳûһܹ

̶ֳӣͬʱ뻮һе̡
߹̶֮ߣֻ뻮һ˵ӭˡ
ʴˡʾˡˡһˣһλǿӭ
ͩˣӭĵˡҵʧԶӭ˺ˣͬ˵
λҵǰؿǽȥġͩЦݵӦʵ̫ˣͩЩӦ
Ǻã롣λк
߽ͩӶĴûڴֱͣϵ¥᳤칫ҡ
ͩˣְڣʴóһһĶǹк󷨺Ȩ޵ܿÿһλ᳤ʱҪӡǣ
ţõġͩѽָ밼漴ʶ̡
֣֤ʼƿϴ䣬ӡ֤֤ƿ֤ȷƿߣͩˡ̵ܺģ൱Ƚ
һĿԿӶ֮ڵ󷨽ƻأϵͳ͹ϵͳƿ۹Ӷֻնˣѯһ۹֮ϣܹƾȨ޵۹֮Ӷ
᳤ͨߵڲǷȨ˵൱ľ޴
ˣͩˣԺ۹Ӷʽ᳤ҾҪϵ쳯ְˣף³ɡʴ˼û⣬ְ͵Ϊֹˡ

ʴֽʾˡˡһ˵λ᳤ͩʶ
ڽ֮£ͩҲӶȨģʽ᳤Ȩܴ󣬵ƽʱһǽλִи᳤ִУʲô鶼ֱ֮ʵھ˵Ĵ²Żõ᳤ǰȥ
ӶĻ᳤µӶĻ᳤ƹŵȨҪִҲ׳ƵġȨ
ȻһȨǳ˵ϻ᳤ҲΪ
֮ʣµľϸĿȵȹ
ҲǶʱܹɵģɴͰѽʱȫԺʱ۳Ͷ٣Щʱٿ
˿һĻضһۣվˡ
ˣͩˣϢڻʹ֮УɻԾеĽӷ绹ҪĳϯǾͲˡ
ѽѽͩˣúϢ
ˣͩȥϢ˽һλִ£ִ£᳤ȥϢ
лλǰġ¾ȸˡ̬ͩͰл
ͩ˸λִ뿪˻᳤칫ҡ
᳤칫ֻʣʴ˵ˡ
ʴ˵ͩ᲻ȥʣ丱᳤ʵ
ţĿ޷죬Ӧò⡣һŸ᳤ӿڵ
ʵ鲻ʲҪҪλ»᳤̬ȣҪԸ⣬Ҳû⣬ҪǲԸ⣬ûҲ⡣ʾ˵˵
ǺǣҪλ˹ˣҲ̫ġʴɣΪѾˣʽжˣ۹Ӷ޹ˡ


240  
㵹ܹȻˣǺˣȻͷƽүʲôҲȻֱӺ㽻ˡλ᳤ޱĽ˵
ʴЦ
ͩλִµĴ£סլǹĻ᳤סĵطȻһһռǧƽĴͺլլӲŷ޲ãҲ᳤ľס֮ء
լӵĽɻ״ΧǹǾסĵطͩסġ
ͩĻӷֳķ˷Լķ䣬γ㱣Ȧ
ԽҲΣ˵Сʦ壬һסķڣıǡ
ͩ˵ͷ
ʵСʦ壬㲻ôͽӹ᳤ȨޣճӦȲĿ͵ȷ֮ٽӵġԽ̲סڵ
Ǻǣֺγֻ֪Щ飬㲻̫棬˵ˣҲûôȥЩϼһﹴĶǣԾװ֪ˣҪǴͲңͬʱҵҲðһЩͱҷˡͩҡͷЦ
ʣͩһҲó˵ˣ˵Ŀû⣬ǲŽˡȻˣֻ۱ֻ۵ˡ
ˮĵͩ᲻ס
ͩԼķ䣬Ϸ֮󣬻ּ͹˳
үŮеؽе
⼸ˣԺǿˡͩ̾
ү⻰ͼˣǶʿʱ䣬αչؾ͹ȥˣ㲻ʲôؽе
Ҳգ˵ʲôʲôˡ

ˣЩʱ˭ῴͩóһ򣬿ʵ
һᣡŮͬӦ
ǾҴˣҲ̫棬ҹʱӦǶֽŵġͩذ׸ŮȻתԡҡԡҲǳ֮͵ȪɣʮȪ
ûһ͹Ҳ̺
Ȫͩʵһλкδ㣿
үȥģȥġǣ޹ңȻһ
ȴֹ
Ǻǣ޷շһҪȥʹ磬ҵǡͩڵͩῴ֮
ɻģдͩλ
ͩǱҪϯģǰͩɢһЩӦ꣬ڹΪһ֮ףҪӦǲܾܾģҲĳɣ
һϴǼʱڼȻٲܵϷ롣
ͩϴԡ֮󣬻һװνװõֹ峤ۣͩûдʽĹ峤ۡ
Ǵ˰Сʱ
£ɳѾ׼׵ʱԳϤ⴫
ףգʲôʱģͩؿԼռסլĹܼա
ص»¸յãʽ¹ܼһְ˴³Ϊ˸õط̵µʳүΪЩδʮϸѡˣףܹרҵѵĺ֡չػش
ͩһʱˣΪʲôHôլӣûаˣԭаš

ҹĻ٣ʹ֮УѾ۹֮еĴСͼȨƼ塣
λӶ᳤˵ģǿɵúúýύһ¡
˵λ¿ǼΪ˲
ԣԣԣҲ˵ˣͩ£Ⱥ֮Ҳ˲õĳţΪߣ˵ǾԲġ

ӽλۼɶǵ۹ȨƼ壬ͰšơΡĽݵ塣
ĶǼ
ʱ峤ۼһ
࣬λͩкοĽݼһƣ۾ʵ
ʲôλүɲǵģǿȺ֮ѡĳţպٷ֮ٷĴ˵λͩµı򵥣ϢǴӻҴģҪȻΪһԵΪһ۹Ӷ᳤λżҼǼΪֱر̬
ˣλӶܹģ㲻ͼʲôҪԵҪġҼӿڵ
ߣϺ꣬ͼʲô㽫ҵıŮƼҼ
٣ܵҵıŮò˫ȫ㲻԰ŮóһȰҼض˻ȥ

ڴʱͩķɳѾˣʮλػԱߣһʥżĹܼҴߣظͩš
峤۵ͩӳܵ˵Ĺע
ߣһ񼶱ͬӭ˹
ӭͩ¹٣⼸λʮӡʮ߻Ӻʮһӣ롣λһк
֮ͩǰѾ֪ˣ۹ֻм񣬱ΪǣֵǮһĵǣʵϣڷ룬ǼΪϡеġ
ǧµĺûһǧҲа˰٣֮мѪһӣɳΪȴֻһһǶӱģߴ
ˣˣ
νʮӡʮ߻ӡʮһӣָǻŵĻ֮
ϣ⼸λүүģʵϣݣƷʲݣԶڻ֮ϡ
Ϊ񿪱ٵĹ֮Уû̫Ӻʹλһ˵ûлλᣬֻһ߹ݣûʵȨҪܵ˸ĹϽ
ҪӵиȨ͵Ϊȡ
ͩЩ仰ĺˣΪԪ޾ȣȹɽûлӶյѪȣһжΪ˵
⼸λкͩλӣϰ֮гϢλʥ߼ҵΪ
ʥʿԪһ꣬ΪÿһһǧԪͩһţΪڶʱ۷ʥΪӵԵʡ
ҲǼΪѵõҩҲܸÿһӶһöʥʿÿһΪѣܹﵽʥ߼òԵüΪᣬѾ൱ѵˣ˽ĿԼ
ˣҲʽʼˡ
߸ϵĻλΣȻһӰ֮нȵ棬񣬴üۣɫԵòŭ
μһڹ


241  ս
ֻһɫۣͷƽϽۣϣŭ
˵λ䲻ö񡣡
˵գĿתͩϣˬʵؿڵλͩ˰ɣӭ۹ְ
ûû̫ǿĿɽֳͩӶĺţȺ֮УҪΪ¡
۹ӵ£ͩڵݲġ¡
ˣĳէҪ˶աͩػشӦ걾ͽӣҸӣң㡣
ãͩ¿˿λ䣬һͩһЦ˵ŶƱͩңһ¡
ɷˣλգĳȸΪͩˬʧػص
ҵȾͩ¡ٱǿɲɵǰ̫ͩĵλڿķӦУ˵ݵλԶԶͨһӶ᳤ô򵥡
˸˼ֽύͽ֮⡣
Ὺʼˣ輧᳡ģĿ赸ʿС
ͩڵλã峤൱Ľ͸ͬʱҲ̸ͩڼ߳Ľֶ£Ҳĵһȥ
ͩһģӶλ᳤ΪҲһˡϾλ᳤Ҳǰ񼶵ǿߣλͲټϱӶɽڵ۹ϲҲһ
ҪǰᣬǾ͵ݣΪͩĴڣֻܸΪֻͣλȴû˿⣬ǳˡ

ˣǰǿߣȻӶĵλȴߣڷ۹֮Եޱȣڷ½֮Уκһ嶼ԺޱȣԵ
˵㲻ʲôֻеλǱԽ񣬵λԽߡ
˻Ҫͽͩޱȿġ
ն൱гϲ졣
ڽĿ֮ʱһŹ峤۵˳һ񣬿˵᳤ܹʤε۹Ӷ᳤һְʵţ˵᳤ǶǰѡǰԴ½ĳţ²ţ᳤ֽһҲˣº᳤֮Ĳࡣ
۹˵йҶ缫ʢսд൱ƽģֻǽĳƺЩԡ
սˣȻһʥżʿ۹ǿ֮£һЩڶεļ壬ʥżʿһЩĵڶεļ壬ҲǼˡ
˭ͩʾʵ
˾ҵټ˾ᰣųƵ۹һţ겻ǧ꣬ѾʥżĿԼ󡣶˾ҵļǵ۹ɣ۹֮УǴоԶҴ塣
ͩƲƲ죬ǧ궼ܺųţҲֵ̫Ǯˣͩһסһ꣬УŵĶ壬ҲҪһֻԲķ£겻ôһǧꡣ
ͩ겻İͷΪʥż۷壬ľ֮ɾһ֮оڵһλ

ҲΪͩʶһЩ˵ӴĲһЩҪ֪۹ʥżΪԿԳ棬۰һӵʥżļʿܹ꣬ޡ
ʥżʿ궼ϣܹǧ޵ʥżȷʵԿˡ
۹˾ʥżʿ֮һһ˾ڹҲܶʱڸϻֻ˾ᰴμһεᡣ
˾ңϲ֮գ˶ǹɣԳɵ˵
ع۹˲ʢǰĵ۹֮ʱҲйս֮١΢Ľ᳤ӣĳ֮£Ҳ֮⡣˾᰿ǲĿĲˡ
ʱûվԣҲûվͬ⡣
ᣬһλ۹¹֮ͩʵرͩʵ
Ҳö˵ˣ֮սҲйģֹڳս۹൱Ӻصġ
ͩ˵᳤֪Σ
ҲգȻ˾ִˣĳȻ㡣ͩû˼Ƕãֳ֮£ѵܾܾɣܾԼӶǾͱѼȥˡԺԼ۹
˵ˣһӦɵս
ãȻˣڼݻʼ䶷̨Ҳɴֱ࣬Ӱᵽ䶷̨ȥʼ䶷̨ҲʷƾãΪӦֳ֮µս

ʼ䶷̨ڵ۹ʿһΪʥĵط
˿̣ʼ䶷̨ǰѾΧ˴ССĹ峼
һαǵ࣬żҼ
λ̨żҼ˵
˾һʮ׸̨
СʦСġԽһֱΪڸͩ棬֮ǰᶼûԡ
һ㣬ֻһֻ֪ûôʱ䣬᲻֪Ŷڣʶּšǵϲ㰲ŵڣȻΪҲҶּŶ˼뱳Ⱥһֱ֪
˾ȷʵڵ۹ż񣬳÷ΣӢ˫һ˵Ϊµ۹⡣
İɣһʥżʿҺΣͩ΢ЦŻصҲһ䶷̨
λһʱ䶷Ե㵽ֹżҼѵ˵̨
ʱ䶷̨ǸõģսನɢҲܸһЩֵİʩֶΡ
᳤ָ̡˾ᰱȭ˵˵ǫѷ֮ȴ͸ŨŨİ
˾ټ롣ͩػش˶Էİ
˾ᰵһҲûпọ̴̴́̿ȥΪ˸ˣе֡
⣬Ȼ˾ҵĴұ̣ʶļ˳
˾ᰲԤıɣȻȱﶼ˳
ͩϸشһһ̣ʦ۹˶һԽͨƽ𼶾ƷߵıѾԡһ㿴ԱѾڲˣ˲ʿϢ˽ϰ벽鱦


242  
Уǧ˾᰼̵һΧ䶷̨ΪһƬ硣
̹ǵĺ͵رͩ
ͩһ֣ǽԼΧɵصס˺Ϯ䶷̨ˣҺ磬ڵϣͩΪ
˾Ǳϵһ͹Ļ£ʵķӴа֮£˫ʵĶԱȾһܴӰ졣
ͩҲò̾ȷʵˢӣֻҲ˶ѡ
ͩѾ˶ԷʵԷҲ֮ƣѾ̤˷֮ţˮ֮֮еĺ£ѾﵽСɵľ磬ǳ
ʵͩһ֮ŶԶԶ磬˵ͩˡ
˾һǴУΪ˪ףǱĮȻָһָָͩ
һָ
һָĪķܣԲС
ͩһ˿֮ɫСɾĺ£Ȼܹӳɾ˵С
Ҳһ˿ѣ̶ֳȵĹЧ
ָͩǰһָ赭дһ̳
ָڰжײһϢȻ˫˫ΪС
˾ɫһ䣬漴̱ʹųͩڴͬʱϲɣ
ʱʱʱʱСŹ֣û
֮׼ϵٰɣ֮׼˾Ӣӱ£ڱ仯ͣ·һڲͣ䶯ȥΪֲ

ͩм̵Ĺһ߿˾ᰣһеۿԶѣõôԲеĽʩչˣ
ĽָĲϵġָľЩʩչ֮󣬻лС֢طʽ
ֽһֻƴʱ򣬲Ż᲻һеʹãϾԣʲôĺ֢ڿԽܵķΧڡ
ЩЧҲһеǹɱ࣬еǷ޵࣬еܲ࣬еǶݵ硣
˾ʩչ֮䷨;͵һ̨ףﵽˮ׼ܹʥżԾ񼶱ֽһ൱Ҳ൱ظߣһĽԱġ
̨µڶڿһĻɵɫһ䣬ÿһ˶ڰֹ˾Ҫʲôͨıõô𣿡
żҼдʵҪҪֹǣƺеˡ
Ҳԥ䶷̨ϵıΪ˹ƽǲֵܲģǹأ
ڴʱ˾ᰳˡ
һָָͬͬɲͬΪʩչԲһ
ֻһµİɫָ˾ᰵָ֮
ͩͬһָһνոմָͱ
Բĺ£ͩޱȵ⣬ʲôȻȻܹʹԲ
һĽܹ֮ͬԾһ㷨
ߵεĽָֿԾĽͺñ˾һ㣬ܹʥ񼶱ܹ۷񣬶ݵӵ

ٸߵĽʩչʱ÷ܵǷϵԾ۱ֽҪö࣬ʧȥеķԺҲ޷ΪӴֹΪʧ
ʱҲˣѾͨıˣҪֹʱͩó˼汾¡
ֻͩһɡɡſɵ˾ᰵһָٲգΪ֮ͩ£ûһԲģԲĺ£ֻܳ鱦ˡ
ͩϵķ鱦һлԪɡһﴩ¡лԪɡǡ
϶ԣлԪɡӰȫһЩлԪɡס¿Բ˫ա
ͣڹϵؽͣˣΪѾ˾ЩԾ
ǣ⻹ǲɱطˡ
ֻ˾᰺񷢷һ㳯ͩ˹ٶȿѼգۼͩǰԶ
Ҫֹ˾ᰵ¶һŹֵЦݣȻ͵ع͡
ŭеʲôң
䣡
ҵرըȺ˵Ҫֲǿұը䶷̨ķҲŲסˡ
˶ˣ⣬ô£
ԽҲֹһеķ
ԭֻһúõرд裬˫û޵ģ벻Ȼ
Ҳˣĵͷϣһֳ·飬ֱڲ尡
ͩҪϲήºεȵŭ
ˣҵ˾˸Ȧ˾¾ȫץܷκһˡķӦ죬һʱҪĳ˾ˣǾǲˡ

ͩҲ벻Է˷񣬵˾ᰵĹŹЦʱԼˣһԤıĴɱһ֮µĴɱ
ͩȫķлԪɡ˲ɣлԪɡ˵Ȼǵ˱ըǿֻʣһЩͩ˳ɡ
ͩڵԴ鷢ԭɺԵķڶ̶̼Ϣ֮ھͱ
鱦鱦ȻܹΣյɲǼ䣬Զ˵ķˡ
һΣԷԱ̫ͻȻˣһͻȻԱһǼ֮Ľ뱬ըɲǿЦģͩҲûзӦҪлԪɡԶӦͩķ˲ſ˷ͩͩҲˡ
Сʦ壬û°ɣԽס˵ɳ䶷̨ͩżʵ
Һлһο׶༪١ͩޱȵ˵һξ̤֮·ΣһΡ
û¾ͺˣԺҪ˱ˡԽҲͩĲǣֻܲ淴ӳһ¡
ͩתͷɫ˵һε飬ϣܸһ𸲣Ӷһ𸲡ͥسȻɱӶĻ᳤µΣع൱
ֺγأԷڵӶĻ᳤Ӷ棬Լʹ֮бԼ˴ɱµ֮ӣҪǰڲƽ»ӰԼ
ΪͿΪΪˣ˵ᾪͥ
Ȼ˵ⲻָʹģ׷ȥ۳һЩȺ׵㣬Ⱥ׵ɵףɲΪ´ñ۷֡


Ի


243  
᳤ģ±ضһǳ϶ػش
Сʦ壬ǻǻȥɡԽѵ
ҲգһЩˣȥˣ͸ˡͩˣΪͬǣ˳ǡ
᳤ȥúˣˣǧǰ᳤ȥͷΪԷһԼʾ⣬ǧǰȻ˵ǧǿ϶ȲԽıҲܱʾһ˼һ⣬ҲԾЩ
ͩλ᳤һӶ˾뿪˻ʹƺƵػصӶĵ̣ʱӶķҲʰ뿪״̬κηǹԱڡ
ͩһߣʹǻʲôҲ飬ݺݵز飬ԲܷŹκһɵˣ
۹ϣرգӽפʼŲ顣ͬʱһҾ壬˿ڣϵ£ϵ׶ץ©֮Ҳ˺ģ۹ڣг뾳ĴֻܽܳҲԣزŴ֤ɡ
ӶҲ֣ǰȥЭ飬ͥĵȣÿʱÿ̶ᷴӦӶᣬȻ󱨸֪ͩ
ͩɱʵ̫ͻȻˣͩҲΪ⣬Լƺû۹κ˻ɣ
ڿʼʱе൱˳˳˾ҵЩ˾ᰣ˾й˻ڵ鷶Χ֮ڡ
ɳӪȫȨ£ǿҲýص顣
Ӷƽʱɽ¶ˮ浽ʱ൱ǿƵģκ˻ܲҲӪ߻Ҫ˼һӺ͸ܣӶȴûǣֻҪͿһ̣Ȼ׷ʣھͨԻꡢ顢Ĺֵ֮£κɵ˶Ӳ

Сʦ壬ΪȥЧ𣿡Խɻ󲻽ʵ
ͩ˿ڲϣһʳƣһ߿˵һεô
ûκ޵ĻǾֻһͣһﱻˡֻūͺʿŻ˷񡣡Խ˵һүôܱѵʿ
ܹūʥ򼶵ʿȻǳΪɵֻЩǱڰĳªǡ
ͩˣ˵ͷӦԣҲҪĵȥ飬ݾܱһ̶ˮҪòöࡣ˳㻹һƣĸǷй
ʮգŲҲˣǽȴǲǿ⡣
ͩԼİ칫µĵ鱨棬εҡҡͷ
ʱ򣬱һļ˽˵үǽҪǩֵļ
͹Щ챻ְͩȨ֮㣬ŪӶᣬΪӶʽְԱһְͩ飬һ顣֮ʵӶһһжûб䡣
ͩܵ˵ϰȤֻʱҲȷʵǳæΪɱ¼󸱻᳤ĶתƵ¼ϣԹѹͩһϡ
ͩȴǴӲӦļ죬㹫Ҳͩʶ󿪣ͬʱҲͩȫЭһʶҸ
õģϰɡͩû̧ͷͷֻһЩ鱨ܽᡣ
ļŵͩİ칫ϣź֮󣬾վһԳĬ
ͩûע⵽Щ
һֱͩļ֮󣬲һվ߰ɣؼңɫҲˡ

صУԽ˹˵Сʦ壬Ҫ칫Ϊηǵõİ칫ңڼ칫Ҳһ𣿡
ˣ첻⣬Ӧý˰ɣôͩԸԽעŵ
ȫˣȻһЩߣԷĶ죬ϣĿҲڣϿԿ϶ȫūֱͣʾΪԽһػ㱨
ͩЦЦ˵Ȼǡתʵ᣿
⵹ûз֡Խҡҡͷ
ţ⻹һ㣬ЩصûĲһҲգǲźˣеʱ䡣ͩЦЦ˵
ʱ꣬ҽҲʱ䣬ͩ˵пޡ
Ϊͩձ֮Уʹ˶߸ռ½Ԫ㹻ͩˡ
Խɻ󲻽ؿһͩ챻ǲĵǣޱеҪ񣬺øһǳõӡȡķڿͩӣȴһӣ⵹ǼΪټ
Խû˵ʲôתȥ
ڴʱ͹߽ͩķ䣬Խ
үӣƺЩҲ˵ʲô
֪ʲôΪҲأֻ⣬˵ʲôͩҡҡͷ

һԷһ߳һ죬ͩȴֹ
ôˣǲ£ͩʵ
һ£û̻ش
ʲô£ͺ˵һˣҪʲô¶ͩ˵
ѽ㣬һˣʲô˵ģǻ
˵£ؼҵļλԪľˡؼ⼸ûµռֵڼ˵û˵ȥ
ˣֻС°ˣؼʡסͩһԶ
⣬ôԣͩ˽Ϲҡ缱æͩ⣬Σô죿
ˣˣұؼһˡͩǿƵشϵ
үǲ̫Σһ㣿ֹͩǵͩİȫ⣬Ͼͩûжþһδɱǳ棬ڻ¡
ûϵ£˱ɡͩǺһЦ
˷ͩ鷿ԽԼҪһ˵
УСʦ壬̫ΣˣҲͬԽ
ˣһռ鱦Գһ磬һô˱УȻݸװ·ƣұչزܱ˲鵽Ǿһˡͩش
ǡ
ҼȻôȻҵ˼аգǿУҲܹܵĵϣҲҳͨסҡͩŵ˵
ȻˣǾͰ˼ɡԽˣҲٷԭΪڵûʸͩκΪ

ڶ죬ͩͶƱչӶĹ¾Ƹλ᳤ͩչصĵصı
ʮλڣֻͩһ룬һڱʱʱ¶Ҳ֤ͩһֱڱչأôҲǿ۹ĹȻٳӶĵǿɱͩɣ
Եǣλ˵ķΧ֮ڣһͨС
ھԵǧ֮һҰһƬƽĿռͻȻ飬һʮ߲һߵıӿռ֮˳
һϢһϢʧˡ
Ŀռ䣬ûһͱ汾Դ޸һֶָƽһЩʳܵһЩš
Уͩϣ͹磬ߴϣĻֵܱ߳ȫλ⾰
ͩ磬ǿ쵽Եˡѹż˵
ͩóһϣһ߿һ˵ԵǣУ˳֮⣬ǿǹؼҺšǰؼҵλսһͬھͬʱʧȥ˶ս֧֣ڴǡ
Ӷ鱨ϣΣӶǲעġ
ͩ磬ʧȥ˶ǿļ壬һֻ֣һ˳Уܾвܱס崫УһǱ̲𡣡

ؼңΪԵǿƼ壬˿ȴǴڷƮҡ֮У֮ڣֱϵϵһѹֵ״̬֮С
˿̣ؼҴլ֮Уһﲻָ֮ʹغţΪ׵һꡣ
ôǻҪҪ֪ͶҷѼңǹؼȷѡѾмǧĻͶ˷ڣǸؼţҪҷѼҳǶţǹؼͱˡ˵
٣ҵٿЩʱգ˵ȴ£ǼҲ¾ؼҼͳɫСĵЦ˵
ߣҲգϣٸʱ俼ǣϣܹһĴ𸲡˵ת뿪ˣλҲһͬ뿪´
λȫǹؼҵȨߣǵɫǳá
ؼҴϺݺݵһӣߵһѼңȻѹͷˣҪǿ̲ҹؼҡ
˵ȴ£ԲܴӦҹһ崫мʮ꣬ҹؼϺҫݲ衣ؼҵŭ˵
ҪӦȰǹؼҾͺһĵ⣬˶ȫȥںͷѼֻǿƵ˵Ѽ潫Ҫʥ򼶱Ǹ޷ؼҵĶǵ˵
ھҪ˳ԵǣҲаҪҹһ壬ǿ̡Ѽұ콣ɽѼҲ׼ʥ򼶵ǿߣҲǣǿ̡ԣҪֻܶѡһҪȫˣºѰؼҼ̾

ͩŹ绹߽ԵǣɾĽֵˣеĳԵ÷ޱȡ
Եǣ벻һٻɫ̾
ͩɫҡУȻ˲˵Ĺע
㣬ǴȥҰɡѵ
ŶõģɡҲڲǸпʱ
СʱͩڹĴ֮£һӵĴլǰ棬ֻլžܹܵһŨʷζ
ǰ˴ţһӹҵļ˷ܡ
Ŵһ˳˵λ˭
һ£漴ˣҲмˣҲ֪˶ѹϲˡ
óһӣ˵ǹؼӵܣûлؼҡڵĹܼҿɻӥ
ǵģԵƬ̣СȥѹܼҴ˽һŵūͣҲһʶ˽´Źؼҵơ
ͩŵūͶмϰżΪ뵱꣬ϰżѾ൱սʿˣһԿóЩоԶĴȷʵ


244  ͻ
һһ۵ߴ˴ţ̤˳ֻϸƹ磬һ£漴мŵʵС㣬㣿
һܼңӵվżΪͩԸ̾ؼҵĵ̹Ȼ񣬵ǿϧļ壬ûռǿ򣬵Ҳֻᱻ졣
ңӥ翪ĵӦ
С㣬㣬㣬㡭飬ô᣿ӥܼţЩò⣬ڹؼǷƮҡʱʱٲɲӽ
ӥɻǵСʱȥͷѣݵǰڼ²źù翪˵
ţ˵˼ӡر̵ĳ£ԼģҲиĸģͬʱҲӥܼҵġ
С㣬û̫ˣءӥܼҾȻݺᡣ
ӥһˣͲҪˡҲۺ˵
ŶλǣӥܼҺܿʰ飬ˮŵʵ
ҼүҼү檣ҵĺýáǽܵνүָһ֮
ԭǹүɡӥܼҼͩˣȻϢǳ
̤ͩ˹ؼҵĴš

һţʱˣţ滨Щ滨ӵ֮ЧϹؼҴԺĸ¥ֲγһ޴ǿЧľ鷨󡣾鷨ýЩ滨ȴ֣һǾ²ܳɳڴ֮ǰҪǰֹ֮Żᷴˣǵ̣
ٶȱٱ
ϧƿͻƲѶ
ȣһŵĿҡ
үԵƬ̣ܿͻᵽˡӥܼ˵ȥ
ӥһңЧҹؼңСʱ˼Ҿͷǳչҡܵ뿪֮ǰвٳƹܼȨǼʮλϣԼλ̫ϳϡ֮УռΪ˲٣ϧ⼸Ȼûһ˳ɹͻռ
ڴʱؼҵļף˽Ĺʱһ£漴мּ˵С磬㣬û£
Т˹ȥڹĻʹ
ҲãҲáû£Ǵ£ûϵûϵûмƽϹ缸ǰӻ飬겻ҵ顣
Ůط꣬ȷʵˡ
ͩиж
ˣ˵ѾΪ˸λǡͩ
ͩǰȭһͩˡ
ϸشһ£òã׿ԽǱȻͨȴΪȻһΪȴ󺣣Ԩ˿ǳ
𾪣Լǳ˵ΪȻԼ

С磬ȥװɣһ˳ԶټҳǾ뿪ɣڼ£ʵڲڴ˾ǡص˵
˵ʲô﾿εȴ£ѵܺŮ˵𣿡粻˵
Ǽ£ȻѾˣͲҹؼҵˣ޹أͲҪͽˡܾ
Ů֪λ̫ϳŸ˻ƾŮΪʲôܹѵң˵꣬ͷһ˿ѹطЩĿ޺ǰĻͩ˫֮ѹĿۣһ˿ѹûдһ֮⡣
⣬ǡһˣС磬ͻռˣ
վżٰ罾˵·һδĺڴǰҫԼĳɼһ㡣
ã̫ˣܿͿסԼĵؽеΪ̫ˣûΪռӾȡΪ粻߰վżʥ
﾿ʲô£ңŮˣҲҼүڴˡŮܹͻռȫҼү֮缱еʵ
ŶԴȵһͩҲûжʡ
ѾͻռҲ޷˵ǰλ֪Ԫ޶࣬ͻƣԺĳ

ԶԤеļλ̫ϳϽԱնɱǴ۾ǹؼҵλ֧Ȼ
ʵ̫ϡƽˣ½ÿ첻֪ᷢƵ飬ֻһ֮䣬ûжһû൱Ѹٵġͺñȹؼǰǰ壬䵽嶼סˡ
Ȼʤ̭
ϲ㣬رסȻ򣬲ûжı䡣
λ̫ϳ֮󣬼࣬׼·ֽס𣬴ڻй¶˳ȥӿҪ侮ʯ̲ǡ󣬷УҪҹؼҾųɵղغԺ˳ɵϹѼҲжõͨĹϵֽҪֻ࣬ǱȷԺһЩҹؼҾͽٻظӹ޳ͷ֮հ쳣˵ΪؼҼȻؿŹؼҰԼؼӵҫҪԼеʹ಻ǳġ
ôˣô£ѵͲŲ𣿡ŭ˵ڵΪʵ̫ˡ
յϢѾʦˣ·Ƿҹؼҵ̣Ҫ̲ҹؼң಻ǽڰˡε̾
ʲôڻĹ޳ܵģŭ
̾һЩѹȷʵ൱޴ֶͨΣκʵãκֶζۿۡ

㣬ֵáס˹磬еȰؽ㣬ģүڣССķڣҲô
ˣŷģеرסͩ˵ͩ磬£ܰǹؼҶɹ˴ν𣿡
ͩЦЦ˵ôãûҪһοڣԹۣģǳš
šЦˣЦúܿģֻ֪Ҫͩϳ֣һû⡣
ȻѾ¼ңôؼҵ£Ҳ᲻ܣȺ˵˵ɡͩʵ
磬ȥװɣ겻ңּӻ飬Щǳġ˵
Ǻðɣãһȥɡ˵ձȥԺ
ֶ֪ǶţʵǶ֮ʵǿĴڣвֻһλʥǿ򡣶ҷط˵½൱ɵϢȶԣѼҾҪѷɫһЩֻǷѼ콣һִ£˵ҪͻƳΪʥǿߣʵҲСֵһᣬɾˣҹؼҲͬӦ벻̫ϳһؼҾֱַľ档ͩ˵ǰľơ
ͩˣ¶ɫ˷ڿ鷳һ֮⣬Ѽ壬ֵһᡣ

ģؼҵ¾ͽĳˣȷؾܾǾǣľͽĳǡͩһЦ漴Ϊǿģͷһʥѹ
ǿѹѹ˸ѹſ£Һͩѹһţվż۷ʿܲʥ򼶱ѹһѹͱѹ
ޱ𾪣ղŵǹѹʥ򼶱ѹȻؼûʥǿߣǹؼҵĵ̲ȻϵóѹǿȺ
ãֶһоͽˡϣ˼ظЦݡ
ӥܼҡȻе漴תͷͩɫ˵ֶ۳Ͷ٣ȥϴϢһ£һ˵
ӥܼŽˣͷʵкηԸ
Ժʰ𣿡ʵ
Ѿʰˣһжûб仯ӥܼҿڻش
ܺãʹүȥԺϢɣϸ̺ˣκεϸطԸ
ֶʲôҪ󾡹ܷԸȥϷԸֶӷϴޱȵ˵
ͩҲûж˵ʲôȭǵ˿һĳȸˡ
ү롣ӥܼҲҵΪղżʶλһλʥ򼶱ǿߣǿߣؼ붼벻λǴСķǾ͸Ӳܵˡ

ͩӥܼҵĴ£˹ظԺһƯĵԺӡ
ԺŴĸ껪Ůغţͩӥܼ˹ϽҾӥܼҡ
ĸŮüĿ㣬۴棬ɫšҲ൱ǧȥǴ㣬ͨŮܱȡ
ؼҵĵ̻Ĳһ㣬һЩСܹ
ǼԸСĸѾԺǾǹүˡӥܼҹؽܵͬʱĸѾͷ˵ǵˣǴСķͩүԺҹؼҵˣҵˡ
÷


ն
ݼүŮ뻮һظͩ
ͩΪ⣬ΪȷʵǵһӦֳ棬ȻֳЩͩ⣬Ͼʲô棬ͩܿӦɣöˡ

ͩҪ̤Ժӵʱһ٬˹Ӵ벻ؼһôƷѾͷүϲ
ӥܼңʲô˼Ϊʲô̺үŮҪѷɫô࣬ǲƲүһ䣬ɫ԰ףЦ꣬˹
ү⻰ɾɷūˡӥܼҪ͡
ˣүûϻ˰λС˴ߣϷ̱үһ֣ԵشӥܼҵĻ
ǣүһ˻Ӧ漴վ˳־ͳĸѾͷץȥ˵߰ɡ
Ƿ飬ֱͩĴڡ
ֱͩӣǰһĸѾͷǰȻһ˹ȥ
Ҳһλվżĸ֣ͩһȴ㶼žһȷʮףײһѼɽ
ӴȣȻȶ֣ɱһִȵ
óһƷߴ󵶣ͩȥɣ
ͩŲæһ˹ȥ


245  ײϸְ
䡪һײ˸ոˣײһ𣬹һţҲû
ʲôˣȻҵҷѼң֪˭Ƿ飬콣ڵľӢӣѼҵĴүҵңֱˡŭȵ
콣ڵľӢӾԣͩŵתͷӥܼʵûмʶͩǰʶĶǾӢţʾ֮⻹ǵһμʶָı֡
ɻ𣡡ʹԼһ״ߣΪһȼյʯͩȥ
ͩûжܣΪˣˣ˿ɾˡ
Էûжܣʱشеɣ֣
ͩȴɫ糣ԷĻһ˳ȥֱץס˶ԷıԪһתˮ׼ĺ·Էһͬ⣬һűӵһԣȻһץһԪ֣ץȥ
ɫ䣬Էʵ̫ˣ⼸γ֣ȻԷǳͩˣҲһƷһԷߣסȻܣͬʱͨһ֪ͨԼ¸Ͻæ
ܣô׵£ͩһ
Ԫ£סܵķ飬ȻһǼԳһӣԱƷƽ𼶷ս׵ǿ־ͱͩˡ

Ԫץס˷顣
һɡͩһ֣Ԫ־ץŷˡ
ȫķԪӡá
ɶ֪˭ǷѼҴүǷѼϲӣҼʥǿߣңҪǲҷˣȻϹؼеŮеղأر㣬СӣǷѼңʥǿߣ֪ʲô³𣿳嶼ģҪ㲦Ƥȫ𣡡û˿ڹ֮⣬Ŵ˵
ͩһ˦˹ȥ
ž
Ķ
һҽУһѪ
Ҵң鷢һغУ˫Ѫ죬һԹصͩͺҪ̻ͩһ㡣
Σͩ˵һ˦ȥ
žžžžʮǶ⣬ѷ׵ϸߣԭװ׾Сڱһͷ
ӥܼҵ˿ˣͩѷͷŷӦҲҲ˵ʲôͬʱҲޱȵؿ⣬Щסڹؼңֱ޷죬ؼҶ಻ԣһһɫжԱ̬ÿŮӣ³ңΪν൱ײС

֣ңһŭȣǿѹ١
˶ԴҼүɣ
һԪȭһǿͬʱͩŭռѹԼռʿܷǿһ
⹥ȣ֮Ҳʿ
Ҳڴҫͩһ˦־
ȭ͵ֽһ㱻飬ȥƲֱȭ͵Դͷȥ


ոշһ룬ͽˣֻʣ»ڴͬʱĽزʬӰе䣬Ѫա
ռѹ֮ʱؼҶܵˡ
ںͼλµĹؼҼ̾һˣ
ûκγɳ·صȥ
λҲ
ؼ֮Уеռǿ߶죬·صȥ
ͣ£ʮ˸øʲôʲôȥֳĬҪ˵ΣΪ˼򣬸Ͻ´ʮ⣬˶˻ȥԼ¡
͹ؼҵʮϸϵʱ򣬾ͿԺǰͩץһͷһӣԶĿյϵĽزʬ̲Ѫ
⣬ⲻǷѼҴү𣿡
ǱǷѼҵλ̫ϳϣǿռĸְ
ôܣ
˭õ

ˣ죬ȥʾ֪ˡͩƽӣѾһŵͷˡ
ŹؼҵʮϣɵͩǰԶ˵ء
ֶǣ΢Цʵ
ͩûпڣǷȿˡ
˵ΪȻ˶ңɱҷѼλ̫ϳϣֱ޷죬÷ңҷѼ׷ǹؼҿҲԶˡʱŷѼҵʶؽеȻЩǿڳݲ壬´ʶȻ©ԭ
žһǶ˹ȥ
㣡
žͩ˳һ⣬˵죬û˵ķݣٷϻ䣬Ҿ㡣
⻰ƽ黹Ǹо䣬ﲻɶƵز˿־֮ģ˵ˡ
ֻóޡŭԹĿͩ
õģֻǴ˼ֻĹѣԸ˰ﴦһ¾ˡͩ˵꣬һ˦˹ȥ
ȻŵضԷ˵Ҫ۹⿴ңҲϲһҲϲҪ
˵꣬ǼǶȥ
ԣеĿ⣬õЦݡ
鱻ˣûзӦ
ʲôеĿ⣿
漴Ӧˡ
ˣңˣң㡭
һ룬̧ͩһţһɨ˷˵Ŀе㣬Ͱ㣬Ц㣬õ㣬ף
˵꣬˳ȥȫѷɳˡ

ӥܼңҺúõصһλүͽ̵Ϊֹͩתͷӥܼ˵
ڳˣڣǾ벻һʱˣȻ˺һ档
ӥܼͩĻΪѵؿ˹ͩɲңϾѼҵǿؼҿɲǶ֡
޷ŹүĻȥˣйүšӦ˹˵
ӥܼ˴ϲлúõؽѵһ·쵰ˡ
úõؽѵһСˣֻһֱֻѡ
˻ᣬӥܼŹ
үūͰ˴ιţ˳úõصʲôкͰĿõЦݡӥܼҹޱȵʾ
ǾӥܼˣǵһҪŪˡͩ˵תͷЦеؿŷ飬ޱе˵ģˣСƷѼ³ŲĴڱǰţǾǻˡ
Сѣһ͸㣬ѼڱֻһֻѡеˣﲻģСѡͩŷƽǳ϶˵

鲻ɵӣˣԼһߵְˣһǷĳְ壡ʱ򶨲ˣӿ޾Ļֺ̿Ϳ־塣
㾿˭˭˭ޱȵػںޣֻ˷й
ӥܼһֻ飬ݺݵ˵߰ɣүūúõдġ
˵꣬ӥܼһ˰ѷСƵشˡ
ֶǳĳԺôмּмֵֻ̿ʵ
޷ǣѼֻ֮Ҫ̤ؼңҾͻ֡ҵϣǸѼλѴүСҲûôˡͩڽ͵һˡ
ԺڵԺӣ˴ԺظŨļط֮һ
ͩǱ߷ô£Ǽʱס˾棬ϢϾǴ˳ܿ˻㱨ߣΪ¹زŻ¹үʹС㣬Ƕҵ
Źڹط˵ķ죬˵ЩľֻǹͩıطûʣҲû˵
ⷿ䱻һ磬淢£֮ڵĹ͹ط˶ûвǲˣֻ֪֣ͩҲûжȥע
ˣ˵мٻ㱨һѾŶ㱨

طüҲ֪Ǵ£ǲŵģڹؼҵĴãûоܾ
ˣˣͻȻռѹӦǷ˴սҵصڴСǰԺ˵ѼҴүˣѼҵλ̫ϳѾִ㱨Ҳһλռĸ֣ƽʱŮԺ
طˣоȣ漴˹
ˣӦҼү֡ڽ͵ƺͩΪүΪүƺָһ֮
Ŷط֮ʵүأ
үѾڴˡֻش
֪ˣȥɡط˵˵ͷ˳ȥˡ
漴תͷʵүǺεΪ
ʥż۷壬ʱͻơ罾ػش
͡طҲһ˵ˣʥһڹؼҶԶ൱µĴڣ˵ʥż۷ˡ
ããã۹ȻΪҲΪ㿪İط˴޵ͬʱЩڹطѹʱ˴롣
ѹ֣ҪΪｫ÷񡢾ĸѾͷ͸㵱ͨѾԭˡط֮ǰ׹ΪҪڿһȫˡڵĹؼңȱľǶ֧
ںˣʧٶĴŮˣһʥż۷ķֱȻĳɽ

Ϊһʮķ⽨壬Ȼһ˵ĳģʽС󣬵֮˵ָĲһʵжǿڷ֡
ϼǿɣõİңǿޱȣںļ嶼ƻϼΪ
ؼСɣɹؼϴ˲֪ٴǰͳʮλ֮࣬ǰˣȻּʷƾãȻǳ
ؼԺе˶ԼģռĶǸصĹ¶ԼԺū͵ĺôūͺҲ֪ж٣ЩūЧҹؼҡǹؼڴڷƮҡʱҲûһܻǺ¡ǵģǶҾؼͼġ
Ѿѡޱϸÿʮһ˲ܱ衰÷񡢾ա֡ˣ黭ͨʫʸ踳ڻ£˫ǧֻҪӵļŮŻǵޡ
꣬ǹѼңҲǴ˵εѾޡ
ؼǧһֻγޣǵһε÷񡢾ա
ǹؼҵ̵һ֣
Ϣﲻɵһϲܹõ÷񡢾աĸޣҲ㼫ΪˣҲǼһͬ


246  Ѽ
ڹ˵ϿҲǼΪҪһֿ϶ǸͩҲһ˳Բĸо
ŹĿ֮УҲһĽ֮飬漴ָ˹ϸһ룬ҲĵطԼүһŮˣͱһжǿˡ
ѳǣԵ൱֮ԶǲɷϣͬΪУѳǵʵԵǵʵҪǿ٣ѳֻһѼһǳҲǷѼҵˡѼڷѳһ죬ǰвзѳǣԴӷѼǿ֮󣬲Ÿĵ
ѼμǷѼӣͬʱҲǷסһӰˣϲľǷ飬ΪʾգȻܹλá
һ죬ִÿĹΡ
ˣˣˡڴʱؼĻִ³˽
վסôšŵѼӵܰ˸
ɲйΣû붨ĶȻһʱǲԼһˣȻǴ¡
ɡ
ǣ֮ûƿ˴ţλִ½ȥˡ
λִ£һس˽ȥһȥ˵֮Уڹ̫ϳϵˣ飬ǸүȥԵǵλ̫ϳϡҼҲϵүүܿҲˡ

ĻˣѾˡܹλĸɣǺεȴ£İȫҲ׶༪١
׷ʲô£ԵǿϢɵɫ˲˫Ŀŭ
²֪Լһִ£֪ʲôˣ
Ͻȥ飡һ£ѼԵǵʼƴ顣
˵ЩѼҶԵǵ͸ʳŷһЧ·֮󣬲һʱͲ鵽һ˿
Ͳò˵ؼҵĵ֮ˣǹؼûڼʧȥռ֧Ϊеĵ⣬Ǽ֮Ȼܹת˶㹻ҳϣûд̫Ϣ
ѼҲ鵽ֻǸһЩƶϳġ
ϢѾˣƶүӦڹؼҳ¡鱨ķѼִ»㱨
ôܣţҪ֪ؼҪбɱλʿͲ䵽زˣǾԲţǹؼΪֵûɵĶǷڵһھߣҲҪˮ֮
ؼĻʾʱ֮ǰһŮؼң֮󲻾ãλϾͳˡһŮƹؼʧѾõĴС硣
ΣɶԴ˲⣬һʧѾõĹؼҴСѡ
ؼӹظĶǸ֣ûп˵ǳ
գһ漴λ̫ϳϴ˵ؼһˣҪؼҸһ

Ѽҵλ̫ϳϣ߼ϵĸ֣Ϊ񣬸ǧϵĿˮ׼ʵڷѼ˵˵ǳ˷Ѽĵһεĸ֡
λ̫ϳϴʮպڵʿԵǣӴ֮Ҳûеʱ䣬ֱڳظ
ؼҿԵǵĵͷߣѼҵմӴؼҾյϢ
˻ر
ѼҵԵǣظؼĳִ»㱨
жˣЩˣյϢʹгˣ벻ѼҵķӦѸ٣ѼҴٱؽؼûʱˡ
ϴӣʮˣպϵΪС
ȥֶһˣȻ󿪴ӭ͡żνпɽв顣
ϵͩԺȥˡ

˿̵ͩңİ̹ȻؽĸѾͷķ̣һѾͷһѾͷȣһѾͷ˲裬һѾͷι㡣
ͩͬ⣬ǸһܾĸѾͷڵأίޱȵؿ
ͩʵھ͸㲻Ϊʲôһ֮£Ƿ⽨Ĺء
ʲôأ
֮ͩǰĹ۵̫ˡ
һĹ۵ܰ
ͩһ˶ʮ꣬һ˼꣬ȻһĶȻǰһҪ̹Ȼöࡣ
ү𣿡ڸͩʵ
ţǳ㵹ͦרҵͩؽе
үĻַѧԡۺװ֡ħѨֻ֮ɱҸĽ֮󣬲ŻΪİĦַܹͨ磬ͨѨϣƣ͵ͬʱܹһĸоڹؼԺַļΪšͨɡļÿһַ˴֮͵
ֻأַѾﵽ˻ˮ׼÷Ѿͷ
ţĸѾͷؽ
֮ͩ󣬲ŰԸпĹ尡ˣʮ̺˿ĿҪˣȻܳʦ
ĸѾͷΪȻֻмϰżյ֪ʶȷʵͬһ㡣ǰĦݲȡˮȵҲãż򵥣ʵ

ڴʱؼҵĳλִ¼æҵͩޱȵػ㱨
ӣ룬˵ǷѼˡ
Ŷ˶٣ͩŶһʵ̬Ȳ
ʮˣͷǷѼλպڵ̫ϳϡظλִ»ش
ðɣҸһˡͩһˣԼŪ£ȻԼƺʮˣΪʥҲûУʵ㲻ʲô鷳ֻ˵С顣
ˣүҳȥЩӬһͻ׼һЩóԵģһһƷһǵĳաͩǷǳ̹ȻؽүĳƺݣСͩ˲ظʶ˵ͬʱҲܡ
ơʳˣ˭ܾ˭ɵӡ
ǣүĸѾͷͬӦ
ͩ߳Ժӣظǰȥ
ʱѼҵѾ쵽ظˣٶ൱֮죬Ҳ൱ҡ
ظҲţڳӭӵļʽʮ֮пյϡĳ϶ӭӡ
ûãѼҵ˶˹ظš

Цеӭȥ˵ԭ׼ˣʧԶӭλǰӦþλǰɣλǰжţǰҲʱֻһֱԵһ氡һȻ鴫
ѼվһλͨϣӾһʮߡؼ˷Ѽҳ֮һҵȴˡֲЦˣǲǹؼΪûһۣᵱڴſڶ֣Լ˵ҲѹؼҳƵһߣʵڻ
룬롣ЦǺǵذһڷѼӭ˴š
ѼҵһȺҲո˵λ̫ϳڴˣظ̶ֲѨȻǵʮ㡣
ظĴ¹رգЩעĿһβ
Ϊƺʲô£㱨ȥҲΪѼǴ㹫Ȼͷڴ̨ˣôǿиǿߣȻڸؼվ̨ˡ

ֵðйעһ£ǱߵķӦ
٣˫ƴƴܾˣȻٻˮ㣬ûˮ̡ˮϣûˮͲϣɹ˿أˡڹؼһᷢʲô£ʲô³ʲô£
Žǰ֮䣬һܿĿյع㳡ʮϰˣһҲԵӵ
Ϊ㳡ԭмӵܱԵĵص㣬޵൱ǧ˶У
֮󣬷߲ſʵؼҼүڿڹؼңǷֵ顣
ˣаһȻȴǱֵ൱ɻ˿©ʵֵ££ѳʾ
֮ǰ˵ҼүʧˣλҲˣǹؼйϵĻʱɾͱǷѼҲ׼֮顣ճֱ׵ʵɲ棬ĶĿ⣬Ѽ¶мֹ˼ɣˣɾûôĹˡ
⻰Ȼ󣬿ȴš

˼λشʱ
ͩӰӲԶսǽ˹Ҳ˸ղŷճϵĻӿڵ֪ʵ飬Ҫ֪ʲôʱӰɣ
ճϳһͩ
Ѽλ̫ϳҲƵͩϡ
λǣճϺʵܹо߲ƣǿֲ
һЦߵͩߣͩļ򿪿ڻشλϷŮķͩӡ
ͩĴȻ۹ĹȦ֮мΪȴ˵ͬͬյ˺ȥˡ
ͩͻȻʺɱ˰ɣҪҪʲôģһʹ˳ôԼ˾Ͳˡ
ˣϵЦݲ䣬ȴǰԳԾŮɱ治СɲҴΪʶҪΪģΪߵĴᱻΪ͵˷֣Ϊ͵ĴͻᱻΪߵ˷֡
ڳķѼ֮У˵Ϊ֮ϣһᱻ֡
ֻת֮ʱʹһɫͩʾԼˡ

ԭӣһᡣӣ֪Ҽүںδճֱ˵ʵмֱ
ͩǰ˼ѹ
Ҳᣬ´ָ޹ص˶˿ȥӭӵȻ࣬ȴ࣬Ӧڴ˵ӥܼȴϷء
ͩһ߹ȥӰߡ
Լɡ
Ѽҳϴһƣ沥ŵǷ鱻̵Ĳ״ҽк;̵ʵסһȺѼҵˡ
ͳʱҲĵ˳˴˵ء
ѼҳһѺӰߣΪֻƷߣսһ̣Ӱױɷĩ
Ǻ⣿Ѽҳѹеŭ𣬵ʵ
ѼҵҲͬŭյؿͩûû˶ֶѡ
ѼҳϵֱӶ֣˼֣Եɲһ㣬һվȻԼ̣˾ɵһˡΪ˷İȫ룬Ѽҳϰڵͷˣ
ʵҲûʲôҪ󣬾ɱǣͩЦе˵


247  ۽
ͩİ꣬Ȼµ͵Ƿǣȴɱϣնݳ硣
ν˲ңҲˣңϾɱնݳ
ѼŰ裬ݰԵͲΪͩϲȻײְͩϣͩȻҪˣһŻܳߡ
ҲǶԹؼңԼΪ
ʲôѼеˣɵһ㶣漴ŭ
ߣϣôˣѼҳҲǸɴֱ࣬
ͷռڵǿѹ˷ֶķΧͩ
ռѼҵӣóߣվΣΧͩ
һʱ֮䣬Ⱪǣ죬ˮһͩ
ݲͩ˿Ŀռ䡣
֮⣬ȫ
Ѽҳϸղŵһսúֲͬ˼֮ķӦҲ᲻һ
µ֮ǱΧ֮ˣȻǽǿпԱͬھµ֮ٻתء
ʵϣѼӵеȴ֮٣˷ӦĻᡣ
ϧϴͩʵ
ݺԲ

䡪桢롢ɽǽһ𱬷
ҵıը𣬶ʱ̳죬й֮ըĳõ˰ٲ
۳ͬըﲻͣص䣬̳ɢȥ
ֳһֱʮ׵ľ޴Ӷףɢȥ֮
ֻһʯӿӵֱϣʯֱףʯ֮ϣվŵͩ
Ѽ˿ȥֻͩվʯϣǹһĨ˵аЦ֮⻹һ㵭⻤֡
֮⣬Ϻˣ㳾ҲûմȾ
⣬ôܣһֱĬϣһʱг
ղһȻûжȫҲ߰˳ɵҪ֪ͬʱ֣ɲֻһ˳֡
ãʥǿߣ쳷Ͽͩļʵǲ²ġ
ܹɵֵô˵ȫϻȴˣԲռǿģվż۷ΪҲܲһ˿ˡ
ֻʥǿߣ£
˵λճԼ϶аôظ֮оȻʥǿߴڣҲ̫˰ɣ

ѼҴˣһʱеڣ̫ˣǹؼܹ붯ʥǿ߾˵
˵Լܹ붯ʥǿ߳ǷѼҾͲˮˡ֪һ԰ԵӲͷǷѼҾͲſˡ
ǷѼҳȻΪϣȴϸӾ޾ĻںޣˣΪʲôһֱֻƣûǿг֡
Ȼ˼ҷƣϢ֪ؼҲǱϵô򵥣Щ˼ʮļ壬֮Ԥ⣬ֻһûѾãΪĳ壬ҲСӡ
ڹڣٺҲѾˡͨŲ飬ƺһλ棬ղ
ܹģӵһһӻһˣ㱨֪жҲãǶȫǿҲգ֮ϢһҪȥѼպسԴ
λ߾ߣΪ֮Ҳ̫ѱ˰ɣͩߵȴʵʵڵشÿ˵Ķ
ӵѾҪɳ㳡ˡ
ڴʱһɿֲ㣬ǿ𺳵ѹ̺Ī

ˡյˣ½һһһص
˶ˤһ߻أʱûϵʹ࣬ƴҪϵļҪӳ졣
ȻʥǿߣѼҳϺ϶ϳεļʥǿе
ʥǿߵ֮ͬΪʥʿǰò󣬵Ƕʥ֮ʿʱȴѹԵơ
Ǿţսʥʥս
ǰԴСҷѼҲʥǿߣβӣҵͻҵԸﲢ⳥һʧѼҳԲشĵ
ŶѼϹҲͻʥˣôûյϢͩʵ
ǰĻҼȷʵѾͻƣ궼ڹΪչزǰԸҵȣҼػмǰǰαΪһûĹؼҷѼҽأǰҲ֪Ҽͻʥ򣬱ȻΪ콣ڵĳϣǰ˼ѼҳϿ˵
ͩ
ҲɵϣҲģ˿֮ǰظʱ۾ͷϵİеֻʣ±΢ϥ

ϧº׽ģϧѴү˱ۣץֿ̣ȻǷѼѾ˱ԱĸԣֻаѷѼˡͩҡͷ̾
ǰȻΪʥǿߣ콣һţаǰִҪѼΪУ콣ڱȻӲ»СС»ˡٷүǰǰʩͣҲӦã棬ѼǽȫѼҳϿ
Ǻǣ𣿡ͩһҲⷬ
һССռϣʵȨؾ񣬾Բܹһ˵úֻǻ֮ưˣͩῴ
ǰһҪ֮ԣҶ췢ģԾ١ҷѼҪǰɺͽ⡣Ѽҳϴеٶֻš
ϧҪͽҲѾˡһѼҲ콣ڵһ콣ڣҲοǣ߲ۣѵ𣿡ͩҡͷ̾
ڳˣһԷ콣ҲǶԷǺΪֻ߶Էкξͷ
ѼҳϺ϶óͩĻȻ˵ƽǻеǾԵġԷ˵˲콣ڷǾʵ֮ԡ

ΪˣѼҳϲŸӻ֣̿һɬһοߵְˡ
ǰҪδ÷ѼңѼҳϿЦʵ
նݳ󻼡ͩ˵
ǰαأǰ콣ڶαطǵøϾɱأѼҳϿЦżͩѼ괫вף˶ҲҪŤתǬ
ţ˵ˣҲ£ǹؼأ˷һЩͩһҲûиҲң˭ǷѼҲúùܽһأ̣֮үǷѼǹƹֶȻ͵öλȥɣһͷѼȥԲģھȪ֮£ڹµį
˵ͩҲûںЩ˷ϻˡ
һ֣ʮĵνɳ̶ֱԷüĶȥ
գۼ䣬Ѽؼ鷳ȫû
ͩ·ʮֻһϺ޷˿ɱɱһжԵ΢
ɣͽиʰˡͩؿڵ
žžž˳
ֶ˫֮Цúǿģ֮ͩѹظˡʵ̫ǿˣô֣ɵؽ˷Ѽҵһ

ʮˣȫպϵĸ֣˸պڵǿߣ˵ʵǰĹؼҲ̶ˡ
ˣһηѼ۽ڷѼǲˣһȻ㳲֮ƣСΪϡͩ¶Ц˵
ֶβ
⻰ʣȴûʳڣϾ鷳׻ؼҶԼҪʳԵùСоˣ
Ϊβͩûмɻطʳڡ
ذһ漴ͷϵĳȷʵдɻ󡣡
ǣҳϷѼң˭ҿ϶ѼһڸУѼҿǸЩ鷳⣬Ķֵһᣬ˭Ҳ˴ˡͩ󷽵ظ
ˣͬص˵ͷѼͻʥһֲУȻԶӶȥͩһֱڹؼҴţͩһߣؼұȻ֮
֣ͩڵλѼѰ
У콣ȻҲֵ̫󣬰콣ǣһ÷콣ڲɣ콣ڣأ
콣ɣģ֮أ˵ȺһЩͣͩҲԸΪһЩС¶ǡ

ѼҼĻ֮УʮöĻ飬Ĵ̫ϳϣ˵ȴÿصĳϺִǶŵ߻궪ǡ
²ã²ˡִǣس嵽˷ɵ鷿йضˡ
鷿ĳλ£ͻȻ˴ţʱŭŭһʲôӣ𣿸ҹȥ̣ϣ
ҵȡ˸տڡ
ɴ˶˳ȥ
Щִֻô⽹صȺţһꡣ
ûһ֮󣬱̤鷿һʱŵĵӸƣڽеʧְ֮һȥ췣ɣ
ŵĵӣί룬ܹôִ£𼱻ǵǿг鷿ʵޣҲס
ǣԸܷ
ȥɣһ֣ͰŵӴˡ
Ȼ󣬷ɲתͷһִºͳϣʵ˺εȴ£˻ţһֱǿҪΣң侲ŵ𣿡

һ˵̣˵һ㡣
˵ɣǿгţкҪ£ڣתϡ
ļĻ򲻾֮ǰͻȻʮĸаʮ߳Ϻλ̫ϳڡ
Ŷ°⻰˵һ룬ͻȻӦ˹
˵ʲôͻȻ˰˸Ѿڼˡ
ؼĻȥԵǵѾȷȫû˻شʱҲǴŲġ
ôܣˡ
λ̫ϳϣ֮ǰλϣһλռĸ֣Ѽҵ֧˲͵˽ӽһ룬ʧ˽ˡ
飬ȫ飡
˺£
ôģĸĸΪ飬÷Ѽе飬һҪ˫ַһʹ
ռǿߣһλĪʧ
֮ǰΪѰҩλ̫ϳϣѼǧ۵ĵһ밡


248  㳲
ܿͳʵ˷ԼѼҵ߳ϻϡ
ʲôѼһλŭʵʵЩóĽۣȻǷѼһ˽˹ظ֮󣬲ʱͱ˸ˡֵ鱨ֱǻ
ؼҪʵҲ䵽زˡ
Ѽҳϻ϶Ĭؿŵ鱨棬һһλϿڵ
Ҳǲܣظ֮УʲôĻغأ
ʮĿؼһʮƾü壬̱Ȼǳʧȥ֧ǿߣҲԲеô򵥣ͱˡһλֵ֧
۵õ˴󲿷˵ͬΪֻɱȽ˵ͨ
վ˳ͷ˵ĳʾҷѼ˴ʧĳѴΡ
⻰һڷѼҳ˽ȴ˱ԼĲΪɱһλռĸ֣ЩȻʵȨΪȲϷɣǶԼ֮λ˼ҲûǸ
ˣڲ׷εʱԵǹؼҺôĵӣȻɱҷѼλռǿߣ˵о˷ָλؼؼйҷѼҵŭ𡣡Ѽҵһλռ̫ϳϷˡ

ԭĬĻ᳡գͻȻ䱬ˡ
û¾Բܾˣ
ҽȫؼҡ
ԣҶǷѼҵˣҪ㹻ĴۣѪϴؼң
Թؼҿս
ս

ʱȺӿʱ򣬴ҵìͷһ¶ġ
Ѽһλռ̫ϳѹѹֳճſ˵Ѫϴؼǿ϶ģǴҲҪˣظ֮ڿſɱռǿߵĿ壬ðȻǰȥϲߡ
û侲˼ԲߣðȻܿصޣȫûѼĳλ侲ظ͵
ҿǵ֮˼ҶɡЩĳ
ţûдǽһЩΪ
޳ɣȻ˷ԡ
˵һղأǾһֱͷڹһشҪǴȥǷѼҵҪҪˣ
ûдؼ̫ΣҶʲȥ
仰ܵ˲ٳϵ֧֣Ѽǧûܵô÷ѼһڽޱȵʵȨʵȥ

ˣסڣƺ˷ڵĴڣȫǹؼҵԭ򣬶ǷڶֽҲδΪ֪ɵ㡣
ţе
ڶֽţðȻֻ˵ԣΪҪӳΪ
λռǿߣܹߵȨߣֻнȨȨûоȨ
λΪΣɿλ̫ϳϣʵռǿ֮У棬СȴǼ֮
ϷΪҪ֮˼ᣬǿռص鱨̽һ̽ظͷڵʵ˵һλ̫ϳϿڵ
УҪϢ⴫ǵʧ
ǵ˵
Ϸͬ
СֶҲΪǵȸ׳˵ҲʾͣȻеĻһֱӸ߲£Ǹеġ
ڷļĻû飬֤ţȻ÷ɲھҲ֪Ŀͷ϶ٲ˵ˡԷɱˣһɱôʲôϵĻĿ̡
Ƿ۰Ķӣƽʱ᲻ãȴڵܾĥ÷βģβŭ

գѳǾȻһ㶯ҲûУֻˣһϢҲûСԵǵһΪѼҵס˹ؼҡ
յĴȻǳңͲͩһķΧڣûŪ˾֪ظ֪˽ǹؼҵȨߡ
ѼҾȻùһڳʮ⣬Ҿò˼顣
ؼҵһȨȥҲûʲôֱֻܼϵӲ׼Ұ벽ڸС
ȴûжѹѼʲô
һʥķѼ棬ܹԼŮʥż۷𣿺٣Ȼʥ򣬵ȴر
ؼΪԷһͬʱ޶ȱܣȻţײְײͷѪ
Ϣһȥû˸ˣһ֮ͩһ뿪ؼңǹؼҿɾΣඡ
ԣھҪͩһסڹؼҵʱ򣬰鷳
ֵúףͩȻԼŮ˵ףǹؼҵˣԳΪĿɽԲܰѹؼҷ
޳ȥŮóȥˮκμ˵бһжҪŮһ޳ȥǾͲǹؼҵˡ

ӣԵǶƽƽмֹ죬ǷѼһǷڶûκζ
ͩסڹظԺڵǴԺӣѾؼϲ㶨ΪСһ㣬һǲ̤ԺΧʮɣܹ̺ģǹؼˡ
öȶǹظõģǹҲͩммܡ
Ժյϣ˸ݺᣬ˸еһѹ
ˣյزԶͤɫվͤһֳֺһվŲˮ
˺һ֮ͩתͤ
͹ӭȥ
ȵϺ˵ˣ
˵һǲͩģʲôãԣͩǳȫǺģϾͩڻѪ֮ǳ֮壬Ǽ֮ˡ
ͩ˲ͷĺˮѺ˹硣
үȲ裬ɤӰɡֵ˲豭
ͩһڲ裬оǳ֮µƣҲ滺һЩ
滹ûжͩʵ

žžž
ƣ˼Ϣʱ䣬÷ĸѾͷͶŸʳˡ
ûжڻǹ˼ɵѼҵѼпǵǵءش
ǣҲãϣѼҲҪҵȵ̫ˡͩЦһ˵Ѵٻڵܰɣ
ү룡ĸѾͷһһѲ˰ںãЩ˶ǲã³ġ
ĸѾͷ˵˳ͤվͤڣŷ
Ǻǣӥܼ⼸춼ڵдѴ٣Ѵٲ֪̾ءЦ
֮ͩҲȷʵθڴ󿪣ʼƷʳ
ţζͩ޵漴˵ͺãλѴپǷѵǲҪúõһ£ּҽҲҷųǣѰ·С۴󣬷ѼҲʲôö
ҲһڣоȷʵǳóԣԼҲҪһЩɵĸѾͷһۣ˼
ͩĻǳģ÷ѾԽǵõͩĳޣӵģҲԽӡͬʱͩģ͸ġ

ʱһζѼԺĳ֮УһǿϢƵش֮бرҲס
ңвüһ𣬿Եסվż۷ǿȫ򻨷֮κϢһҲй
ھȻй©˳ǾֻһͣϢѾҵļޡ
ҵǿϢͻȻ˷Ѽиֵע⡣
ѼҵļͳǷ׷׷ɿն𣬳߸
һ֮ϵĸ¥ڣѾۼϰ֮ࡣ
ûã¥ĴŴһۣͺӥǵߴ˳
μ棬ϲгɣء˺һ㣬ͬغȵ
ãܺãѼ濪ĵشЦûд֮⣬ҪĻԪû˲볤˶
Ѽ߳ȺѼҵϳȥǵշѼҳϻٿĵط

һ졣
һ鰸ĳ˷ĩɢ
ǶǸʲôԵģϷ򲻹չؼ꣬ͳô飬ϷǱչذ꣬ѼҶǸûˣѼŭ
ǰһ̣Ѽ˷ɵĻ㱨֮ŭ֣
ȫһѼѵλ̫ϳ𣬷ѼҵĴүڱǾȻ˶ȲֱǷѼҵܴ裡
˶ԴĬҴһ¡
ɣôİѼŭʵ
ףؼҽթޱȣһԻзڻҵȲɽƱ
ƨ콣ڵĵ̣ڸҶ𣿡Ѽŭ
ӦòҡһԴ¿˵ĸо԰ԵҲãǷѳҲգһȫ콣ڵĵ̣ڸ֣Ȼˣʲô
ȻˣһССĹؼʲôϷϲܿǵһЩ϶ֻҪҷѼʵһЩùļһڰΪѼ콣Ҳûͷ˵Щ˸Ĺ
ӢҵȲһڳϸ͵ôû뵽أ

ϲģҲᣬ˰ټ徫ǳ嵽ԵȥѪϴ˹ؼңһһʮᣬϷҪƣĸ쵰ڱҷѼҡѼ
ǣǰоˣķô죿һλ
ֻҪǻڣǲʲô콣ڵĵϣڵҲҳϮҷѼҸԺǷ֮£û˸ð˴ΪѼ浭ػش
ҲйصģϮԺǷ֮١
˶ôɣǻˣ
ԣֻҪѼҵмڣ·Ѹ֮û˰أҲ¡콣ڵĸԼ׳ɣ´˺ֵġ͸Ҷˡ
˵ˣѼҾ񱻳˳ѸҲȫûһֿ֮ûͬļ֣ЩСһٸӣǲҶ֡
ãףȥټɳᣬת˷Ѽߡ
Ҫ죬ȥأĸʱ㹻ѪϴظˡѼ԰˵
һʱѼоԼϰλϼλ̫ϳڣŷѼ뿪˷Ѹ
ѼһǶˣıŭˣ㳲ޱ


249  Ѽ
ѼһôĶǲסġ
ؼҼû䣬ɳŵùֵѳһЩϢûʲôġʵϣƾؼҵĵ̣ڷѳ˰š
ԣѼôĶùЩ˵ĶĿ
ظǰõϢҲһ׼ʱ䡣
ؼҵȨ߶һŴ¡
λѼ㳲λ׶תȫĵش㹻Ŀռ䡣һҲûлš
˿̣ף̫ϳϵλãڳеĹؼҳ϶û˿֮⣬ÿһ˶żϲ֮⡣
ֻʧȥˣŸϧؼЩʧȥ̫ϳϵ֧νĻ̻̣ƮҡʱƼ֮Σ
ڹؼռǿ˼ֵλռǿѾ˳ȥѪԵϹȻǹؼҵѪ˶ǿġ
ؼҴϳ繧˵£Ҫʹӳˡ
ϷģԻҼҷ֣Ѽ㲻ʲôλıǡϳؼ̫ϳϵλ֮вԽһüĸо

ؼҵгϱûʲôʵﶼĽ۹֮׼֮ãȻܹһλʥ򼶵ǿߡ
вټҲòŮĳϣĽʼɲûһԼŮŮ͵ͩߡϧ⼸е̽ûá
һжҲûֹɲԼһƶʵĻӡ
ͩǲŮɫԲɫжЩҪŮŮ͵ߵĿģͩ᲻֪
󶼱ͩǿƵظȴˡ
⼸£ÿ춼ᵽȡѧϰ̺ǰȥѧЩֻǶĿȾ֮¶һЩ
ѧ˼£Ķ˲ŵԭеѧҲ١
ǿʳŮ
ǿ˿ӵʮϰٵ̣˵ԼҸ׾ˣӵвŮˡǹؼԺȴһֱڹؼҴˣҲǹĸ׵ƿ֮£ƹܺٿɲô׵ġ
һֱԹؼҴƴԣ谮мӣٶŮˣҲһֳ谮˽ǧ꣬һֱ
ؼҴҲûв˽Լľȫ˹硣
ͨǧңͳĻ֮УƶʣǺƿߵĵһɣ

Ѽһˣ٣ǧ֮࣬ȫռϵĸ֡һǧ֮Уռˣʥһˡ
ͨ壬һռʿ򣬾Ա֤ǧ겻˥Ҫһλʥǿ򣬿ɱһ괫СһҪһֻҪһܹ𣬿ɱһǿʮĲʢ
ӵļ壬һ㶼ǻҼǳ壬ļֻҪ֧Ǿǲ಻𣬴ˡ
ĳͻҼ壬ֻԽԽǿǿһĵزȻˣļ壬ǵķչ۹Բڷ磬ǰѷչصŵ硣
Ѽļ壬һ͵˶壬һγȥȻ٣ȷʵǳǿˡ
ظǰԺĹ㳡ǰͩдſڣԱ߻һС輸мµС˺һƣվͩ󣬸ŷ磬Ҳһ̺š
˿̫߹ңȣͩһۣȷʵһ¶
һ鱨ϵ˵ֶǷѼһγ
˹ϸؿһ飬˵ţѼһеȻһǧһٶˡүһξ֣Σ
ң

ʱ򣬹ظĴű˸ײˡ
ߣҽȥƣؼҵļӾж󡣡Ѽ˿Ŀνǰ޽ɣѹֵİһ̽Ϊˡ
ҲȷʸѼԭֻһССĲС壬ǿҲռ
Դ콣ڣΪͻͽռϼ֮˶̶ǧͰѷѼҷչ֮ҲǿĴڣһνһҩİɹͻƵʥ֮󣬾ʹŷѼҴӴԺ󽫳Ϊ壬콣֮еļƶᲢۡ
Ѽľȷʵôݡ
֮£ؼûˣҪ˵̣ؼҵĵȷʵռĸнǧˣռĸ֣ôûµռֽ
Ѽҵ˶˹ظ
¿ˣһĻҲעĴСͷԡѼδ󶯸ɸ꣬Ҫǿƹ˳һаɣ
Щ֪Ѽ⼸ڹؼҳһưͿ
ӽȻǹؼ£еɱŮĸ߰ɡѼŵغ
ΪûдŵڵԴ˳ȥһڼӵĴСĿǣ𾪲

ؼҲǷ˰ɣȻҰѷѼҴүץⲻǹϵ
Ϣش
ͩüʾһ¡
һ֣ظĴ¹رѸеһжظĴſɲǺÿõģطƵߣһرգͻԶظ󷨣ظһж޷ʶ̽ʵʶǿһ̶ȻȽһĳ̶ȲС
ؼҵĵ̣һ¶ɡ˵ڣؼҵĸۡ˵еļȫʥǿ߿̽ĵطȽԿӹظ״ǶġҲû·
ٷ½ⷽĿƼռߣȲռݲչһЩ½
˰⣬ǿ߸̽ظڵĶټͩһЩֶΣǰˣҲǰ״
ͩ˵ͷʾ⡣
˰ѷѼҴٴɡ
һӥܼǱķѼҴٹˡ

ʱķѴ٣οû˿ˣֻǾм쳣ôҲվżĸ֣Բûȫؾ
ѼһʱӯҵغеүүףңȾңء˵ţȻ̲ס
ж᲻ᵯֻδĴ
ɼλѴжôġġˣ⼸ӣԺκˣľѾˣӴԺҪдǲܵˡ
ؼңһؼңǺܺãѼῴѾһˣǾȻҲûˡ
Ѽ֮˿ط飬谮飬Ϊнʥʡһ˳úǧ󣬾ǷѼҵĵڶʥǿߡ
ǰѼҲΪԼܽʥԲŻ飬Է鼫Ϊء
ϣȴؼҸˣ
ѼԹؼҵĺ޿˵㾡֮ˮҲϴѣ˿̵ķѼѾʧȥһǡ
ɱ䣬Ů٣ɱȮѼ
ţеͩ΢΢һЦ˵
Сӣϸţ̵ķѼңΪ׻ʧȥ˷Ѽң㻹ʣʲôͩһֻﹷһŷԴº͵˵

ͩһ֣ʶŷѼ棬ͩһ£һС
һ൱ͨط£˲䶳̹ǵĺͬʱɱԷꡣ
ı⣬ûޡҲ൱ˣ֮ҲӲӡ
Ѽһ׹ͻȻľǳḻһ˲жϳӲӡӦ֮£һץס֮ˣ˳ȥ
ܹվڷѼߵˣǼҪԱɵһλǷѼҵһλ̫ϳϡ
У˲仯ΪڵأΪ顣ҲţԼȻҡ
ʲôطѼĵðһҪǱУ¾ԼҲѱ
ʱ򣬹ҲˣֻͻȻų޹˻ΪһŹˣֻһ֮£︴գգ桭
޾㳡
ѾȥԶһЩռʿȻһޱȵظоʧˣܵؿһŹԴԴ·ĸһڲͣغǡ

һ̣бԻ˶о޾ֻлعԴĸ壬ϴ
˶˼س˹Դ
ڹһڹؼҳϵУڹ֮Ϣ֮䣬½˴ȼһŹĻ棬Ϣȼţľȼ֮˸ûз˿ҽУϾȻһֽѰĿСʮϢ֮һǧλѼռ֣Ϣؾͱˣֳûȼģ־Ϊᶨûз̫ǷɱѾ˹طơ
ǣɷϵǣһ÷Ѽҵһڸ֣Ѽڣŵɵˣһ˲䣬ʶԼԵôһȺµǿߣǷ·һ˻ûг֣ѼҾͼҪȫûˡ
ͩҲǵһμʶش񹦡֮طȻǿޱȡ
Ҳ̾ؽ㣬һк
ǡһϴطҲ벻ȻҲΪ⣬һطҲƣھԼ͵ģ־ᣬ֮Ȼ޷ϴˢǵУĨɱ

ܣѼһͷ·
ͩˣһʽʽָʹ
һ˲
Ѽһļ£ʥǿߵһʾͩһ⣬һ̣ٵ١
Ѽȫ͵ر
ȼԪѼ潫ʥ򼶵Ԫһ˲ȼգһȼգʹһ类ȼյˣ֮ᱻʥҪ½ǰʮ͵ڶϾʥϣ͵·
ǣһ̣Ѽǧֱ֮ܶɹһأ˵ʥΪҲڴʧȥ
ڴͬʱ޾Ļںӿļ䣬ǿߣȻһһ˿ֲؼҴĸ֣öµĸֵ֣ʱ򿴲һ֣Ѽͷ˵Ϊʥһվż۷壬ʥÿһΪ֮ϣʵǿԼǿöࡣ


250  
ʥ򣬿ȥᣬ϶
ʱ򣬷ѼȻ˹ؼҵϣݲ֤ؼںܾ֮ǰһ൱İ壬ѡڵԵǹؼֻǵؼҵķ֧֮һôȥѵؼҵ˵ĵϵң
Ļ֮ǵù͸ˡ粻ҵҵƫƫʱҵⲻǿ
ʱ򣬷Ѽڷĳ谮˲޾ԹޣҪСֻ£˵ԷѼؼҵ׹ϵܹϸ֦Ҳ˵ء
֮䣬ƺܳܳʵһɲһɲǼ䣬Ѽණ鲻ԽػԼһľ
ȼƷļӳ֮£ѼԼǿıԼǿط
ѼϵıһƷƽնܹط޼᲻ݡ
뽣ཻ
ųһನɢ
ѼƴһЩЧȻס˽⣬Ϣ
⣬Ƿ£Ѽֵ֮ʱһµɣӵϴ̺֮֮ط֮ǰʥʿҲСĴڡ
Ѽ콣ڣӴµɣʿķ¡

Ѽ޿ɱܣԼˣͨʥʿ¶Է֮ϣȼԪ֮󣬻лܵһ˷µʥʿҷԼ֮ϣǾ·ġ
˷µʥʿ·ֻʥһҲܹԽնɱͨʥżʿ֮ǿޱȡ
֮ǿΪ̤ˡУ˷£ʹѾ̤ˡż
Ϣ֮󣬷Ѽþϣסǰ
ݡһ˷Ѽüġ
Ѽһʶʼɢ˺һ©Ƥһй۾ֱǽݶˣſŵķ飬˫Բضŷ飬һͷ֪գ͸쵰
Ѽ棬ɣ
Ѽǿ䣬ѼռľӢʧѼҼѾɥƴҪܳؼңԶԶӶݣɷԺҲ̤˵һ̫ˡ
߾ߣǵʲôطһ˦֮䣬
ڴͬʱҲóһ㱾£λӶݵռʿӣ
ӰѾҪӳؼҵķΧˣʥżĽǸѼ涼Ȳϡ

ѼôֵܵϢǼ㱬ǿƴҲסϢռǿʿɱˡ
ʣµķѼҲڹ֮£
Ѽȫ徫񶼵Ѽ˲һ屻ԭͣԭͶ硣
ؿһĻһţţ̵ļ壬̵ķѼ棬ȫûˡ
˰ؽͩ˵һΪʧķˣ˻ű˸ʹࡣ
ӥܼҴӰ˳ͩߣޱȹػӦǣӡ̬ȱ֮ǰǫʮֹȻŷ뿪˴˵أ߳ʮ֮ӥܼҲɭЦѼҴү㵱ŰȥˣǷˮתٺٺ٣֮꣬һϸطԸ˺úõкģ֤ڹؼסޱȡ
ؼһڲڰ۲ĳǣϲ񣬹ؼһߴˣȻ˵ĸ֦ԺĹؼұȻԽԽǿ󣬹ؼԽǿǵȻԽԽ
ˣߵͩԣʵֶ
򵥣ҲȥѼңɱȫҲˡͩƲƲ˵
ֱ֪ʣκһȨ߶´˾նݲ紵սһʤ֮вջսƷĵ

ѼҺôҲһ˵Ķ壬֮ھҲܹùؼҴһʣȺ£ܷŹ
콣ǱߡɵʵѼұϾ콣ڵĸ壬һηѼȫؼңȫû콣ҲҲţҪǰѷѼҸϴˣǿ¾ͻ콣ڵˡ
ǣѵŹѼң콣ڵ˾Ͳ𣿡ͩЦʵͩЩӶıӻ֮£ѹˣûֵ飬ͩǲΪӶȺ֮ǿƵ֮һûĸܹѹͩͷ
ⲻͩıʣҲãҲգ˵˾ǿʳ
ؼȻؼҰѷѼеľˣû콣ڶԣ۹ؼҶԷѼôһġȻˣαأ
콣ڡ״²ˣǧ꣬᲻
ģ콣ǱߣĳȻǵˡͩ˵ڹϣСС콣ڣҲ͵ˡ
ͩУ콣ڻĲͩۡ
ã˾ͶлֶˡüЦ˵գȥټؼǰѼҡ

˹סͩһۣʲôҲû˵ֻЦݵذ뿿ͩϡ
һټ˹ظѼҶȥ
翴һۣﲻģ̧ͷͩһۣʵҪȥһ֮أ
Ҳգһȥ򣬲òġͩһͬȥء
ǡһ뿪ˡ
ͩһ˵ѼҵǸһˣҲ֪Ǳ߹ڷڵϸ鱨鵽˶١
֮ǰͩӶᣬһ򹫻ṱֵùԼϸڡ
֪֪ˣս
ѼҺͷһȣǾԲԶˡ
ڱֻһţһţܹڷ½мⱾһ൱˲顣
ǳҲãʵҲգڶκСӡ
ңͩڷɡ
һϢͨϢţڴ½ضоݵ㣬ӴǱֻһ

Ҫ֪ǿҲûڴ½ݵ·ľݵΪ¥ҲһѰ顣
ôһֱû˲ҲΪûⷽȥ룬ֻΪ¥ʵ̫࣬ҲǵȨߵȵضУͩҪԸʱȴȻھԲϵô򵥡
ԣͩŲϧķһֵǵĵϸ
һֵֹæˣǵһšһһţĶ۶ʮֵġҲǹڲЭùԱ
Ӷ̫ӴˣӴˣʲôСȻӶԱ֤ᾫӢԱ཮֮ڲѹҲܱ֤Щ˲ѹ
Ϊһ㣬Ϊ˱֤ӶȻԹᾫӢΪ˽µʱ򣬶õκΰ
ȻҪðҲԣùֵɡ
ҹֵĶ൱ظߣһܹѡġҲ˵ĳɱֻá

ӶǲģΪҲùᾫӢѸٳɳЩ£֮󣬲Żɳ
ҪõİҪӦĹֵֻҪ㹻Ĺֵô棬ֵ˼ٵģԹûйף͵òӦĹֵȻ㹻ĹףһЩСţС壬Ҳˡ
עؼҶһڴСĶĿǣظĴһδ˳
ͷǹؼҼԼؼҳϻһЩϡ
һĻôССĿޱȣʮϢŷӦϽɹظԵ˾Ϣ
һϢš
ѼŷѼһǧ߿˹ظĴţɱڵس˽ȥǽʱ䣬ظĴŴˣ߳ľȻǷѼҵˣǹؼҵ
ʲô
ֻҪɵӣֻҪһ߼˼άˣһʱ뵽һ𰸣Ѽҵȫˡ
ѼԴӣһɱسؼңǾԲһǧȫڹظס°ɣ

ʦˣѼˣ
ģղŹؼҼһǧ뿪˹ظԣҸҿ϶Ӱٷ֮ûп
Ҫǿˣ˵һ֣Ըȥɽڰꡣ
ƵĻػ֪ж٣֮ر֡
Ѷͷһ󼦷ɹϱ򿪻ۣмһ׼һ
֮ؼĻˡ
ֻҪϵһ¼ǰ鱨ϸһѵóһЩ²ԵĽȷ൱ظߣҲ൱Ŀš
ӣɳ˲֮ǰԹؼҲѺõӿɲˣ벻ؼҾȻôĵƣҲ֪ʲôĵƲɱһʥǿߡ
ѼΪʥǿߣôϢ˵ģ˵ˣѼҲû˼Ϣʹ÷зϡ
һʥǿ߽˹ظĴžûٳʵڲһˣҪˣ
Ͻ׼һݡ񡱣׼ԵŵǸ֮ǰᡣ
һ棬ҲϽһ֣߰׼ѼҵĲҵһ߶˷ѳǵĶĿ̽Ѽҵʵ

ǧҪǷѼҺ͹ؼң׼֮˫ɣҪ˵Ļһ֣ǿľԱ뻢ˡ
ǾпܵģһСС̸ڣγһЩǱ򣬱˵ΧĻ֣С䣬ִ֮һĹ棬Щǵõ콣ڵϿɣǷѼӹ콣ڵļҲͬҪĬĹء
һηѼϹؼңȻ˹ؼŻֱū۹ؼңмɶǿȦɵģԵ޹ʾͷġ
ڹؼҷˣҲɡֻ׼㹥׼ҷɣ
ҪǹؼһѼңһĲˣǿճ棬һǿһӵġȻͷҪġ
ʲôдͷ
һĲر⡢ؾҪط
ķ֧ҵǶСͷԼĵ̷ΧϷ֡
Ǳһ£֮ǲ浽ǿӲػƴһ̶ϱ֤˸֮ƽȺȶ


251  ŭ
ؼҵķӦͶ̫ˣڽ˷Ѽҵľ֮ǰѳǡ
ʱķѼѾ羪֮һ㣬ΪؼĻ¥һλصִͨ·Ŀ˸¥֮Уʮ飬رǷ߲ļ֮˶ˡ
ѼּĻ൱ѣΪڱ壬콣ڴΪģ൱ֻзѼҵҪȨ߲һ飬ڷѼҼĻ֮С
ѼҲ˼ʮѡҪԷֳɼ㼶߲õʵľǷѼҵռǿߡ
ѼļĻûзڷѼңǴ콣֮С
ڣĻ֮еˣŷѼҵˡֻһִͨ£ڷѼ֮УֻҪռԳΪִ£ɵؿؼҵа塣
Ϊѡ
ȫһɲǼ䣬ȫ֪ηӦһ档¥ִ£Ѿûˡ
ķӦǲģ֮߳óѶٻѼִеռֹ

ûһʮӰӲͬķ߷
һμ˼ȫľӢؼңһЩɢѼҲҵռ֮⣬ѼҸڮ֮Уֻ⼸ʮλ½ռûãսôִ¡ǻҪѸ
ʲôˣôżذѴҶ֪ڶæ˭һôС̱Թ
Ѽڿúܣڮ˵ȫǼʮϣȷʵæת
ˣѴҽһҪ¡һѮվ˵
λѮΪѸգȻΪߣǱȴҲٶ˵ʲôˡ
ʲôҪ£Ҫ˵Ϳ˵ɡһ˲
̾һһҲҵıͲ˵ҽɣ֮Ǿˡ
˲չɫı»еģı֮󣬲ɵһ
˭ûж˵ʲô߽˸¥
⴦¥ʵ̫ĵҪ֮أڷѼȴǲĨɱġ

߽˸¥֮󣬿ȴô˲ˡ
⣬ôܣһλѼִ£Դ˫֮ɫڡ
þһǻþһλѼִ½ܲʵʵʵ̫пˡ
ܣٵģһǼٵġ
ôЩģǲǱ˸ƻˣԼģΪƻġ
ĻֻһΪʲôѼҪרſأΪǿԱΪƻ
ԣǲСְأƻ򣿡
ǰһΪƻģʮλϵռǿߣͻʥǷѼѾʥң½ҲĶ塣һЩΪ˷Ľ
һûĹؼңǵĶ֣ʵǲְصЩƻ
˺£ʵ˵ɣǻġҲõִ³Բ
飿ȫ٣ʧ𣿡ǺͷϵȽϽ侮ʯ
ˣǶ죡÷˵ɡѸպȨֹ˴ҵɧҡ

Цһ˵ƻҵϣΪƻһ磬Ҿһֱޣ粽δ롣Ȼ֮䣬ͬһʱ䣬飬ͳˡҲһ룬ĻҪԣѵ˻᲻֪ĸ˸ҳ˱ӵȫˣ
һĬˣ˵޵˾ƤҲܰȫˣҼĻһֱ˰أͬʱҲǼĽ֮һͨ˸ӽ
ǣΪʲôʧš
ǰΪʲô
ԴӣһǧʵǿÿԻκһ壬˵ؼѾеСˡ
ûԸţؼһʵѷѼһǧȫˡ
ҪǵƺˡѸյɫҲΪѣͱҲصˣòվִ֡
ƺһ׼ҲûУôƺ󣿡
Ǳ׼ЩǷѼҵ٣ҲĻǷѼҺܾܿʹ尡صִ֮УȻ츳ôʵҲ㲻ǿеġ

ռʿһ־ᶨûмᶨ־Ҳߵһ
Ҫ찲תƼʲҾ߼ţλҲ׼Ҫٶȳ롣ǷѼ˶һռ֣ǴڣѼҶһӣһʱ֮δû֮Ѹ侲˵
ʮ˵öԣɽڣûաǾ찲Űɡ
ãϷھͰ񣬸ԾȥɣȻɢˣҷֱӳ彨ļܾݵ㣬֮ϵѸտ˵
ÿһ·ѼҲ⣬ЩѼҽ˲ܾݵ㣬һЩѼδ֮ǰģЩܾݵ㼸ǧ궼ûжùкܶ඼ǹģЩҲ֪һЩܾݵǽûжõģЩܾݵͲ֪ˡ
ͺñȵĹؼңڼ֧ǿߵ֮󣬼ʱذѼֳʮֱ֧ˣ˽Ĺؼҡ
ַܺõһѪУպлԵδǿ
ǼѣҲȼ峹׻Ҫõöࡣ
һ֧Ҳδûٻط֧Ŀܡ
ڵķѼҾ

ֻǾڷѼλִ¸԰Ÿʱ򣬹ؼҵѾ˷ѼҵĴšѼ֮ڲûз󷨣ֻǷѼҵĵ̾޷ؼᲢۣټҲͬѼҵķ󷨿֧֮˲Ƭ̾ͱǿдơ
ѼҵķǴʽ󷨣ޡƵ֮󣬶ʱҪٿǲܵˡ
ɱѼ£֮⣬Ȯµ÷ǳɴ೹ףʮӶʮ
ϾǹؼҼ޳ȥˣѼҪˣȴܹӵ
һǧŹؼҸ֣˾ɱһҲ飬ҲС־Ӣ֣ʮϵĴ£ֱ˷ѼҵҪص㡣
ɱ¾ڼѼҴССͻһֻɵˣǿ־Ĳҽкź
ʮϸְ𣬷ֳʮѰѼҵĲر⡢ؾ֮ĵط
ûжǾеȣЭ
Ҳûвɱ¾Ҳ룬ѹܵĸԼû١

һ㲻ؼҵλռˣʹһɫҰף񲻼õŮӷ˹
ҵˣֻǡ
ǰץŮӵԪһ̽ɫ˲תŭеɶķѼңķ飡
ôˣżʵ
㱻аɲȣѾ٣Ϊһˣܵ˲֪ʲô̼˵ľҲʴ֮󡣡ɫãΪǴѼҵģҪԼ˵رͩȣڼѼң⵽³ľԼˡ
ɫ˲ȵãܺãһѼң٣һزˣûеߵļ壬ȫġ
Ѽ̫صˣλҲýȢùؼСýȢ֮¼ѼңͱӡѼҺֹǿɶ񰡣ֱ񹲷ˡ
Ȳعصļ壬ҪǴȥĻԻŭġ
ɱ¾ڳؼҵÿһ˶ûλҵĹؼҸǣǺһ㣬ɱݡ
Ůף˲УֻҪİˣһɱһҵһɱһ

һЩһЩ˸ϵ֮ʱľѪֲпĳ档
ѳǵĳҲϢ֮󣬼ظ˹֮ɫ䣬վ˳󺰵ס֣ʶ㣬콣ڵĳǳ֮Уɳ˵УǹؼҪʲôòͷˣ
ԭҶҶ֪ѼҵĶǺε죿Ҽ㣬ǰýȢѼңλʶɣڣǿʲôˣѼΪɻаߣɻаҷ緶аħҲмΪȴˣԼưɡָŹ˵
ڳĲдСɷϵǣܹվͷе˼ǰԲμ˷ѼؼҵȻϳ˹λѼҴ̡
һλԳֲ֮̽ɫ˲һ䣬˵аɲϣҺʹ࣬¾ʧ޻ָ֮ա
ڳûһɵӣȻ²óôġ
ģѼһ治ǸıҲңԸȽֱۣѼѾˣô˵ҲµѼҡ

ѼΪѾŭǼλƷҲģ֮ûи飬쳳ܣҲѼΪɣֱǹȻƻأеĹǸ֮䣬֮乫ϵģǧ겻䡣
ƻأǾ͵ڵڵķѼѾˣ֮ҲµѼң⻰˵ǼΪ̹Ȼס
ҶʾԼĲͷ߿е˵أּ壬ǹؼҲѼҳҲᱻżַ
ҶɫϣϱڣҲҲɷˡѼΪؼҷǺģ콣ٰԵҲҹȻƻĹء
֮УȥˣѼһɾͲˣ໥Ϊˡ
ǹȻش
ǹؼҵͬҲǸң콣ںڡԶˣ½
ѼҵΪֱָŸޱȵشУӾǲǷƻأôҾǲӣϴ϶ĴȥӾǴǵážžġ죬Σ


252  콣
ҶмΣ콣Ϊţеǿƻеġ
ѼΪιҲۣǹؼҾȻڳ֮дɱ䣬˵Ϊͬ񼫡Ҷѻת˳нվڵµߵָ
Ҷ³򣬷һ⣬Ѽŵ̤ص壬ϸñɨ𡣡һЩѼгؼһЩ
ѼұǻãˣǻͬɱѼİ壬ԲڡһЩԷѼΪʾ߿ѼҸزҵҲվʾ֧֡
Ѽƻ֮ĹأǶôһڰ᲻ڣԷѼҲҵк̲أ
ܹʾڹؼңȫ֮¡
ܹɵѼң֤ؼҵʵõ˼ȻмֺˣԹؼҵͬС
ûдͬ
ؼΪмʮƾü壬˵ķΧ֮ڣҲң磬пڽԱ
ͬΪҵһЩǶɷϹؼҵһЩǱӰ
ҲǹؼҼʮ̵һʽ
ڷѼıɹؼҵܵõ㷺ͬΪң˭ұ֤ԷûһЩԤ֪ĵأ

Խƾõļ壬ʱĳ֮ȻȻسΪһִ֮ͬµĹ塣ѼûмǧǿƼ壬֮ضˣڲ̤ҵĹҫҹڹؼ˵˭ܵõҵͬ
ͬΪһЩȻ൱ųһЩ
֮Уй崫вΪ˵Ĺƾõʷж͵ġ
Ҷˣ˵Ҳǣ˵Ҳǡ
ڴʱҶѶϽᣬ뿪ˡ
һҶֺػˣһۣûᣬ㳯˵ؼ콣ʽؼҷѯʣʥϷɱ
ѼȻˣһޱ𾪣ܹ˵ģǼ֮еȨߣҲǳϼ
ʥǿ߷Ѽ澹ȻˣȻҲⷽĲ²⣬ϾҲֻǲ²ѡ
˵ķΧڣѾ겻ʥǿߵˡ
̤˹˵ҿԻش㣬ѼҼү֣֮㲻Խ콣Ҽүȥ
˵꣬ʥżǿѹ͵ͷſҶѹ˹ȥ

ҶռûãΪһǿߣ콣ڵıһ֮ǲġ
ǿѹ֮£ȫûκη֮ͱѹſڵأǱĵλǰ飬ֻǷ£Բǹײǰ
ľ֮£ǿѹֻҶһˡ
ɵˣһȥεεľˣȻһʥǿߣǾԴҲ벻ģλʥǿ˵ĺ滹һүλүɱ˷Ѽ治˵ŵظ콣˲ۡ
һŮʵˣǶôǿҲǰɣλүǺεȵ
Щ˸ɵӣһ鲻ͷ׷˱֮ġǣ񼶱ĴڣǿɲҲУνɴܣꡣ
ĶײɲЩֵܲġ
֮УؼҹϵõģһɣسˡҲѧһѼҴſһӾ徲ࡣ
Щ뿪ûֺǵؿҶ
վ˳ˣضӣȷʵֲҶ
վ˳ڵɡ

ߣҲգڹؼҼٷΪķϣȷһһ˵漴ջѹ
л飬лҶЦͣصл
ǰݺ󹧵ӣ˿˲ɵþмֻʿ֮ǿΪ
һз̸У㲻䡣һһߣʥ򼶵ǿܡ
Ҷһߣɵܵһشɫ˲ʱ԰һѪߣ˳ɲǿŰѪ˻ȥϵӹ
ǣ̾ߡҶɲ˿ԹޣΪ֮ȫһ㼶ģǿǲ𣬿λŮǿпվһλǿ
ҶճǱˣڻظ֮ű£˿ʵϱˡ
콣֮ڣ콣콣˵ٴߴӣҲ콣ڵĵڰ˴ʥ߼ΪϴλҲнǧ֮á
콣ڴҲƾˣߴȺߴʥΪɼ콣ڵĹ֮ˣʮȴûһͻƵ콣İֻ콣һˣ콣ڵĴʼߣһڵ̫ϳϡ

콣ڣ̫ϳϳȻ⣬ƿŵйȨʹ󲿷־Ȩ֮£ߴʥɵĳϻᡣԭѼǵڰ˴ʥϣϧʥϲ꣬ʥϵȨûϡͿͩϡ
콣ڶһʥǿߣȻϻҪָһݸѼ棬ܵ˵Ҳŵ
λµʥϹˣһ콣ڵΧڱ˸ɵˣ콣ڲŲʣ콣Ҳ첻ȥˡ
֮ŭǿ϶ģ
Ҷʵ㱨ȥ֮콣ڵŭҲѹһЩ侲ˡ
Ϊˣ콣ټλʥϿ̡
ѳǵϢѾˣʲô콣׵
һŮʥżΪԲС£ӦΪ֮µشҲ֪ˣϷ˼ȫǷ϶ȡԹˡֻãײ壬Լȥˡ콣߳ϵһԵ
ҲΪһռɣһǲǵġ콣ϱʾͬ⡣
콣ڳһҾŲԺƵ鷢ô죿ⲻ콣ں۸ҿҲҪԷһѵٲҲҪԷǱʾһ£ǸҪġϿڷ

˱ʾһԡ
ʦܵ˼أ콣ת콣ڵĵڶʵȨ콣ڴʵЩʥ֮Уֻ콣콣ڴϵͬһʦֵܣֻһ֮УֻǶӱɾʥϣ˶Ϊһˡ
ߣ¼ֱǻƣ콣ڴϵʸϣݸߣʵһڳ֮Ҳλ˵û˿˼ɡ
һƣⶼʲô¶ͷβԴСײ˸ְ廹ͷǵһͷײϷ˵ֱǻã콣ڴϴ
ûӵļһҲΪ콣ڵʥϣǶ˶ˣҪûϷҲִ
콣ڴϿǱˣƵǾȻǧȢûͱˣѼҪʲôҪȥˣ콣㣬δ½㣿
⻰һڣгϣ콣ڣҲĬˣɫÿÿ˱һ壬֮ҲǷѼҵΪȷʵ̫ɻˣŭЩȲ콣ڡ
ɷϣеĹǲܲȹģһηѼΪ̫ˣͬͬɶˡ

ţλϵĻһת˵ΣСӶ콣ڵˣǲܲŲʣһ˹ȥ̽̽ǵʵǸְ壬Ǿʹ»СС»ˡֻƣǾͿԡ
޳ɣ
Ҳ޳ɣ
ͬ⡣
λĳϱ漴Ҳͷͬ⡣
⽪Ȼϵ
콣һ취ıϣǵͷӦ߳ϣ콣ڣԷ棬˫Ĺʶ
ǣ콣߳ûа취˭ıСء
콣ڵķӦٶȼ죬ڹؼһѪϴѼңĴѹηѼҲƸʱ콣ڵĴ߳ϱڷѳǳܴϡ
ӹӭ߳ϡҶߴЦɫ԰׵˵
ˣʥϺε
ǵģǱλˣֻһߣӾͱˡҶʵشҲҼףΪͣһ²һ¡ҪȻҲᵱѳǵĳҪ֪ڷѳǣΪѼҵǿƣﵱ൱ίģûһӣ޷ʤΡ

ŶֻһߣλӲ򵥰߳ϵ˵ʵһճڵʿҲܹᡣ
ߣȥһλӰɣϷǺ棬Էʲôͷ߳Ͽ˵֪߳Է콣̫ϳԵŵķݣԲƣǲ̫
ǣ߳ϡҶӦ
ϢһӦþ޴ˡ߳óһŵҩ˵Էɫѣʵ۲᲻֪
ҶճûκγɵȥϢһȻƺ˴룬мллϴҩҶаλ߳ѼһԱȣ̳ˣʵڷѳ£᲻ܷѼҵأѼŰᡣ
ˣ߰ɡ߳ϷԸ
ܿ죬Ҷʹ콣߳ϸϵ˷Ѹǰ
ؼڣʥϵˣΪ˽ᣬؼӡҶϽǰк
ûã͹˳
콣߳ϸһһŮӵΪȻʥżۺȻظоһΣա
콣߳ϲһʥΪܹоΣգӵʵ¼ΪǿܹնɱԼҲΪ
һֱʥǿߵֱ൱׼ģܹ磬һĥѣ
֮ʥǿߣΣյֱˣСûˡ
λӺ͹Ӱɣ߳ϿɲǷѼֱɱȵģΪϵ˿ûа棬һ͵ĸо
¿˵˵


253  
˵ĵкĿġоǹڵڰλʥϷѳϿڹ֣֮콣߳ƽִмʵ
ûдǷ϶ȷʵҼҹ֣֮Ҳҡ˵ʵò֣ͩԼܹɽʥҲµķѼ档
ܺã콣ڵĵϣɱ콣ڵʥϣѵͲһ㽻·ѳǲȣҲӦø㷴Ӧɣ߳ϵĻ˵ȻʵϣϾЩƫˡ
ף벻콣ڵнҲգ̬ȲķϣһӦóһƣ˶Է˵ҲΪ⣬ԷȻ˿ԼҲ˼Ϊˡ
߳ϲǲǿƣй˼ɣǿơ콣Ĺ˼ʲô콣ڵ֧콣ˡ˼ĿǰͲڣڵ콣ֻλʥפأûһλΪܹȵǰòŮӣҪǣıһصүټ϶ԷĿ֮󣬾Ȼ콣ۣ߳ϿɲΪһѾҷŭķѼ϶Լ
˵ף߳϶ڷѼĺøе㣬ڷѼҵƻصΪҲеȷŭ

߳Ͻӹһƣʱֱŵף̲ס
ǰǿûñȣ
Ӷ·ƣͨṤԱִ¶ûֶģֻл᳤˲Żݻ᳤ȼĸߵͬơ
ͼĺƣӵˣҲʥ򼶵ĴڡĵϣֻһӵǾɳӶܻĻ᳤
ǰƣʽϢ࣬ǼȴǰģӵҲǵ۹ܻĻ᳤λȨأõ۹Сӵǿڡ
߳ңԼ̬ȲҪǿģ콣ڶҪӶĨɱ
ѹֶԷ֮󣬸ҽ̫ϳԵţԭ˼Ҹûа콣ڷ
˵ģɳǵӶᣬ˼һҲҵ˵߼Ӷ᳤ˡ
ԭʹˣµˡ߳ϿͿ˫ƣƹ黹

ӶȻ½΢еģ˭֪ӶȺͳ֮һ
Ըϰ߰Ӷģͷֲ֪ͷжˣһʹ
ҪСʹƺͺñȻʵղһ㣬λֻûжʵȨˣҲҵ
콣Ӷǰֻ϶Ȳϣ콣ڵ߳˿
ҪҪҼүŸһʵ
ʹˣҪЦˣѼ϶ǿƻ½أ񼫡ʹ˳ֽ͵ˣҲ׷߳ϻ̿ޱȵ˵Ҫλү콣ھġˡ
ȻˣǱգӶԭҲ֪ҪҼٷ˳ڹؼңҼүҲִ½Ǵݱ뱣ܣڱܣһй¶콣ھͲٴˣⲻвҸ棡Ļ˵÷ǳ϶Ҳǳǿơ
񣿻̽׶ѣƨ񣬲ѡ
ƫƫλ߳ϻľͳһףԷӶᣬһȻǿƲŽйֵԽǿƣ߳Խء
ǣǣǣҵȽǣһУҶˣ⣬ģ¾Բٶ¶֡߳Ϸǳػش

콣ڵ鷳׽ˣѼҵ⣬Ϊؼռסˡ֣ҲΪѼƻ˹أԷѼңԴҲ൱˳
ڷѼҵϴڼʹŹعؼˡ
ͬʱһģйؼԼŮ㡣
㾫ʧͨ׵ĻǷˡ
ֽ˵ʵڻﻹǷǳھεġ
һϷѼȫ屻𣬳ѾˡùһЩȻʮѹ
صؼҵʱȻƲֵӣ˵㣬ҪķŲ£ȥүæκõĿҲ˵
ˣһϲɫʵȵ𣿡
֪һ¡Ҳ֪ܾͩܲơ
ӿٶȸϻعؼҡ
Գͩ˳β
ͩϸظһҡҡͷֲ֢óֶβõģֻпԼǣ֪ķǳη񵤣ԻǣѷϣҲûа취ܣֻҪһ̥ҩϽ֥ܹĸܡ
һԵĹؼˣһнеЩһܹùؼҵǮҲ޴Ѱ

񵤵еֻǼʮϰſܳϣ׼ƷҩֵǧƷʯӶڲùֵĻҲҪֵ
Ϊֵȥ࣬ʵֵĹ൱ͦģӡ켶ľƷҲֵܹ򵽡
֮Ув˶ֻʹþƷ߶ѡ
񵤵þ֣ҪСãǸͻʥ򼶱ĳҩվż۷ʿʥɵ֮УֳΪڡΪ񣿾꣡
Ҳĵرֵ񵤲ࡣҲʥͻõģʹãͻƼһ뵽ң˶졣С㼸ʣѾ൱ļˡ
ؼҵĲҲû
ؼҵλվż۷ǿߣпһܹƾ˶ͻʥ
ѼܹͻƵʥ򼶣оĹ͡ΪĵرѼռǿߡ
̥ҩһֿԸĻʵҩʲˣԱҲ˵ҩǳƣֻҩʦơڿռ佻ϵͳ֮еҲ
ֳ֥֥Ϊ֥ױ֮õĹ̶Ԫ޸˵ҩ

İҲͬʱóֱȻⲻָĲƸڰ˵òˡ
ؼҴƾãǵ˵Ǵղġ
ҲɣǸ˵˰֪ͨӥܼңѷϹصˮúȪҹ˵ؼϷΪʲôɱ˷쵰ˣԭġԺһúõ쵰ģô׵
ҲûʲôֱӳǾˡͩز
װģͰɣ⼸˵ӦòŶ԰ɣͩ˵
ͩˣƽʱǼΪ󷽶ׯģġ
úúã㶼ˣܾܾͩó˿ռ佻׾Ѱһ£Ϥ˳
ͩáϲһͩݸϣϣȥɡ
һȣԹáͩóһСƿ
ʲôʵ
Ϊˮ֮ǰ½Իޣȥɣ˹֮ûһΡһξ͹ˣܺȶࡣǰ¿ʼµɡͩ˵

صԼԺ֮ͩŹصķŰ˵С๫ҿǴѪôأ
Ц˵๫ҪôԸ⡣
ͩҪжʱӶĻظˡ
ͩһ£óԼƣ½ӵϢ˳
һƪĻϡ
ͩϸȥԽɫԽڣ֮ͩȥĻɫվߵһԵİǰغһڣƺѹסеĻһ˰
žԣӦ硣
ɶЩ쵰࣬ͩݺݵ
ôˣүŶ롣
Ҳǹ˲Ҳ˹ʵ๫ʲô˵һЩ
ûˣֻǷƢѣҲһϢͩЦЦ˵
ôˣүɻʵ
û£ֻҵ֮֯ˣҾͲˣʰһ£ʱǾͶˡͩûж˵ʲôֻöŮȥ׼뿪ˡ
ʲôô죿˵
ǵģ粻˳١ͩ϶˵
ðɣȥ׸ǡ˵뿪Ժӡ
ûʲô׼ġ

ʱͩԦԽռˡ
ȥʱˣʱֻ÷ĸѾ޹ģӴԺؼûκιϵˡ
֮ͩûаѹ˷ųǴȻռ䡣ǰԽ˴ռ˳
ףǻˣԽ֮󣬾ͷųʶɨܡ
һջСҸϻǵġְ֪λܹսͩԽʵ
СʦҪĸɽŲɣֻҪ㹻ɣСʦڵݣԵλ񡢰˰ٰǧʥʮմԽЩЩϤ
ŶôͩؽеԼλûĲһ
ʵֱӿһСˡ
Խ˵ͷ
ͩЦˣϵӶĻ᳤칫ңԼȨޣ롣
᳤֣Ȩ֤ͨȨ֤ͨ
ţͩ칫ҵһϣֳһ쳯ÿߴ󺺡
᳤ͩãǴ½߾Ǿ߳ٽպӲ˵
ͩм⣬Ȼһϵϵ쳯߾߳پȻһĴڡ
ãպ鱨й鱨רŵĽϣܹ㹻ı֮ƣһǣȻʡͩϵ鱨ϴ˶Էûɣɵġ
Ϊ˷ֹȨı˽Ĺ涨
պڽӵ֮ͩϸһ̻شɳ֣Ե᳤ͩٱ
պһҲûΪͩǳɴؾͬͩĵ롣


254  
ͩҲ벻Ϊ۹ӶܸˣȻܹϵ쳯Ĵ½
½ǿûжãдƬ֮أڴ½ĳΪ˷࣬ԴǿԸ͵۹֮ǹϵôãҲᷢսԸľǺǿ
˱֤½İȫ쳯ѡ齨ɵĴ½ֱڷϽͬʱ½ϵ󳬼һЩҪʱҲܹӴ½æ
ͩڷ룬õ֮
ϱӵһ񣺡ڹ壬ȺȫͩɱһλɺȺ׵100
ڵܴҲûʲô¼ɵ飬ôû˻ɹǣһԷϢΪĶŰˡţ½֪ж١·ɲаΪаҲһ
ΪäĴڣӶĳҲûзеè塣һδɺϣͩŹؼ̽ףϹؼҵѣⳡǣڣɷһֱ൱أͩԼĹֵԷչ飬Űѷڵϵ׸ˡ

鲻֪һһԭڷڿһС͵Ķ磬Ϊڻڶ֮ڣľݵϸĻء
֣Ӷ𾪣ȡ˶ͩϣϻڵĻһνڵĹ;ûķˡ
Ӷ½ܸˣڵõ鱨֮ȫ½Χڣȫڵľݵ㣬Σ֪ͩͩȴ֪֮ܶеĶ֮У˲֡
ֻһλʥ򼶵ǿߵǾӶȽ̽鱦ӶĿռó൱ˡ
Ȼʮλʥռǲ
磬ķ֮ء
ĵϣȻһ磬ķŭˡ
ԣһεǳ֮˳պһҲ˿һҲûеؾͬԴǰ

ĹǳѸ٣ڵõӦĵڶ죬պӰͳӶܲĻ᳤칫
ͩλ½߳ʱҲһ£˵պˣ벻ȻԹˡ
߰ɣǳɡպޱ˵
Ĵֵͩʵ
ָָԼϵĽָ˵Ƕ֮䣬һС磬С
ͩȻɲǷ̣ҪݣҪǴо⡣
½ߣһŶָ׵ؽһ֧ڶʱͶ͵κս൱ֻӦͬһսǱ
ߣһĴڣﻹǷ磬硣
ĵ̿ɼһˡ
ãպ롣ͩͷӦ
ͩԼĻӺͽպһܴͨ뿪ǡ
ڵɽţɳĮ۹Ľ紦Ҳǵ۹ͥͳϽĵش
Ϊ۹ϵɳĮԱ߾ҪʿפأԽӽɳĮԽϡ١
ֻһЩɢ޲ŻһðѰĵرɱޡ

첻ͩͽպѾڵɽ֮Զһɽ
ˣԵƬ̡պ˵꣬ͷųһƬɫȻٽָ֮еʮ˳
ʮһƣǿݣȴպĽɫǣй¶ֺ
ŲɢãҪԷΪģԲڣһпռ䲨ӡпռ䴫ݺϢݣȻɽɱڣպ´ָʮŲΪλųĴ֮£׷ɢȥ뿪֮ǰֳһ˺ᦣһҡ֮£ˣ˲¶˿Ϣ
պ˵£̾Ϊֹ˴ж潻һϡֻҪһԽ㹻ˡͩ˵
ԣ⡣պͷ潻ȻΪ˶ţȻ
һ֮룬µСӣڣһΪļƸڵһУڽ֮ʱܹͩһҪ
պ֮һ£˵ԣҪ飬ȷ϶Էϸūͣ򡭡⻰û˵ȥ˼ԣ˳ˮҲͩġ
ףл¡˵飬һǡͩش

պˣ˵ͷ
Űϵĸֶڽպ£ֱ쵼֮֮࣬ڡŵųʥ򼶱ʿ
ڷڵĲΧ൱Ѹ٣ֻ˰ʱ䣬׼ˣֻҪպһ£ŵĽͿԿʼˡ
ֻǽպһֱû
ֻͩһԹߣżǰһߴһһ沫ɱһò
ɲʥ³Ҳ̤뷨֮ţ˷£ܹԴʺԼǿߡ
ǰ޲ͬЩ嶼ǻǻ֮ߣԲ࣬ÿһ嶼ǵ츳ط
ͩΪһҪһ⣬ܾܿͻ﷭
ͩһȥˣͩ״̬Ѿٵѣʱɻˡ
պˣôû׼𣿡ֵͩʵ
żȴ½صΧ׼㶨ˣһͬѾ֮ˣһֺηպ˵֮ǰŸΪ˾첼úҹζ࣬Ѿ׼ˣżˡ
һδ½߾ڷڵΧȫλԵģӣһҪ

ֹ˰죬պ˷ӦԼĸ˵ͷλ񼶱ĸ֪ͨʲô´˽ľ
ֻʮɽΧм䣬֮£һпռ䲨дϢֶȫϣκδݵķˡ
ôĶ˷ڵˣ
˷Ӧ󲿷ֲ֪ĵӶΪ֣Сַڸ߲ȴֶθܹͨõó
˷شȳɴҪĵ޴ޱȣܹͨõóģ½ֻлҼļʵ󷨡
ʼɽˣԪŸŷڵĻɽ
ڵĻɽȻͬ죬ȫ֮£Ȼ˵һ
ȻҲΪһ½߸̽Թûгȫ
̽ԹҲСӣϾʮǧʥǿͳʣ̽Թ´½һŵĻɽҲסġ
һ֪̽ڵĵϸԲô򵥡

ǣǿĻɽҲ伫ڣʮʿɵĴǧʥǿͳʣŲΪλ󷨣ͳϽ乥൱ǿģΪսҪǿöࡣ
֮ͣ£һʱ䣬ڷڵĻɽ
ش֮£֮еǣ޷ͨ룬ֻܴӶ֮гȻ취ͻΧ
ɽȻסĽͬӮʱ䣬˳شӶĳڳˣ˳չ͡
ͩ˹ȥֻУȫǳ塣
⣬壿ͩȵʵҲ˽һЩϣһ۾ϳ塣
ѿеĹͷˣҺöԷм١ҪСˣΪǿȺ֮һǵİʵɱİҪǿöࡣպѵ
ͩصص˵ͷŰУʮֳɷ൱ֲġ
պȴɫôãһôӴľЩҪʲôѵռ½ɣ֮Ӧúúõɨһ·½ϵĶˡ

ϴ󲿷ֲ֪ĵӿĳ֣סˡһĵӶ뵽ʲô²ҲɵСһЩһͶˡ
չ֮ȴǳһ˳档
ҪͻΧϰɣպһ֣ǿһͶս
ڳ֮󣬱ǿƵرˣҪƷش󣬿ԸΥ
ش˷֮⣬Ǽӹ̿ռ䣬ֵķΧڣȫ֣ҲԴ½ռɲֲ˺
һ¶̱㱻Χһ嵽׸߿֮ϣָ˿ȻĬһ飬ѡһ֣Ǳ˴֮һηָ˿
һ˫ʵļҡһʱ֮ѷ֡
һߣʥǿߵָ֮£һͻΧ
Χǧҵĸ߿մ֣ѷѽ⡣
߱Զ̴ϵشӸĴһһʿ

ͬʱķŲʿʥǿߵͳ֮£ɷΣסسɴһۣڵһҲԷΧ
֮£䣬ȫҲϲ䡣ֻԽսԽĸϲʱǳװʱ
պԳ֣һץͽһԶ˹˳ַ֮󶪸ͩ˵һλ弶񣬲ǿҲӦ÷Ҫ󡣡
ͩüΪȣϰ֮Զܹɽһս׵ؽסʵͩΪ
лպ˳ͩԵлֻս棬ĽսȦ׶༪١
ԽһڻûвΧΪǵְǱͩ


255  
պҲмͶұ˼ϾڵݵֲͩϱģӽЩҲйͿõģ˵ЩͼһҲȺ֮ѡһʺϵ鱦װԼ
Ϊͩ鱦ʱ򣬿ѡΪ鱦ܱˣԪĻۣ񼶱Ҳռ鱦󲿷þƷ߱ǳ֮֮⣬ϣͨʱܹе߽ԣ鱦
вϿҲһ鱦һһĻ䱸ûи㶨˵ֽսԶ̱鱦֮Уи鱦ͱԴ鱦ıҪȫףװݣһսӵ൱ֲģͬ޵УԽɱжǿܵġ
б⣬Ҫȫ鱦֮⣬󲿷˶ѡΪףù׵Թƽһַ䷽ʽ˭ĹԽ࣬˭ϵıԽࡣ
պѾǴ½߳ˣʵûĻ͹ͣλøһֻ꣬һȺҡ
һƱٿõٵ㹱׽㹻ʡʱˡ

ǿ֮󣬿ͩͫ͵طŴƺһ۾ϳͩ
ʶңǾͺˡֻҪңΪʲôʶңҾ͸뿪λ˶ʩչطѡɡֱͩ˵˵
ط
һطָʲôˡ
ߣ֪㣬֮һҲɱĿ꣬ͩɱһʮǿӲ˵ΣֻԼ֪ˡ
Ŷ֮ǰô˰֪˭ڵһأͩʵ
ƮѪųڼһţպӿڵ֮Ҳ̺Ŷǿߵ𾴡
ʥ޳۷壬ڰս֮ϴһ֮󣬾ʹ˱չأѾʮ겻Ҫ˶þͽΪµһԪͻΪ۵ĳţпܳ棬ΪһԪʱļԪ֮պ̾
ͩһʵ޵ϹŽɣ
޵˵Դġպش
ͩԱһ£ԼǲԷ̬ͩҲżϹŽ֮ʱأһٶɹٶȾͻ

ڵõĳϣ׽ҪѳΪԪ֮ʮѡ
ɵƾڳѣǰ뱾ԴŸɣڶɹ־ѣ˥֮󣬳棬ΪԪ֮Ҫ׵öࡣ
ԣԶʱڣ֮Żǿ󣬳Ϊبδ֮ʮҪִ֪ľŴ󳬼ǿͳ壬ҲֻʮΣʮһ㲻ϣ˵Ǵ˵еʮˡ
Դ֮䣬ɵѾΪڶܹ࣬ߡУҲѣڵ

ͩһۣ΢ЦŶ˵ȻҪɱңҾ͸ᣬܹӮңͿ뿪ܲɱңҪʵˡ
һ£ɴ۾ͩʵ˻棿
ɡͩ˵գԾǧ׸߿֮ϡ
պҲջ˷ָɡ
Ҳ벻⾹Ȼģʮ꣬ȴû뵽¡
¸¸¡Ȼ޾ͳȫ㣡λޱŵغһ弶ѵһʥżʿ
ͩǧ׸߿֮ϣţۿŶԷԼͬĿ¶ɱ⡣
ţڣûУһͷų
ʿﵽʥ򼶱Ѿӵˣֻʥ򼶵ֻһΣֻѹƺ;֮ЧɱΪ㡣
Ǵﵽ񼶱֮ѾȻﲻһ㣬֮ڣԳ棬޵УǿҲ¶ɡ
弶񣬲Ѿչ죬Լз򣬶֮Ȼǳǿ׷Բ
ͩԵ͸ܵǿѹĳ˵ͩһ԰񼶱ĸ֡

ʥ֮ս൱顣
ͩҴ⣬˰˷£ó˴˫˫һԪ˿ϵڵлԪɡ
նͩгˡ
һ޴ĽֶնϣĽȻһп˶ԷȻһ
ǰʮײľ
һ£Ϊس޵ΪɱϵţʵȻȻܹʥΪն򡣡
ͩͩɲðȻسԷ֮Уֻòȡ֮ߡ
һһسԷ򹥻һ̽ŶԷǿȺ
Сӣܶãȥѵսʤ𣿡ûг嶯ͩӲƴ̼ͩ
ͩһ̾ǻ壬ԸԵñȽֱ壬ܹ񼶱ûһ˲Ǿḻϳɳ֮
ͩ̽һ֮󣬴ԼһЩҪ졣
ʱһγͩǿԪ͵س˶Է
һܸͩͣתţΪͩſѹڴͬʱһ̶
ʽһ

ʵΪһ˲ƿ˶ԷɲǼͳǰ
ףؽгңֻһУһǽͻأسǰͩĽǰ
ײǿ
ͩһֻ̺֮֮ȻԷһǽסˡ
ܹͩоԷֻֻϵ£ҸĲȲԼǶԷ϶Ϊһ֮ļӳ֣Ӳֵܹͩһ
ȻںϣҺ㲻ǰ񣬷һܿҶסһû˿ľ⡣
ٺ٣ţֻʵĻͿȥˡЦһ
ֻķΧͻȻ屶֮УͻȻȼѪɫĻ档
޻裬𣡡ڷˣԭղŵһжֻյ֮ߣΧԸǸķΧ
ޱߵĻ֮ѣΪһֻֻµĻޣͷſµķܡ
ش˷ͩײ
ȫλģͩĽγһɫ𣬿ܰͩܣͩеֿ
ͩͷһ޴ɻɵɽ壬Ҳڲͣѹ

óԼıһѳ޸޸Ӷ֮䣬ϰһ㷨֮
Ħɽ߾ž޸һߴľӰ޳βݣߴǧɡ
պӰҲһ£ȻĦѪȻٻӰս
Ħ壬֮еһ൱ǿķ֧壬֧൱棬Ǳ񣬾Ħ֮ǿԪ֮֮һ
Խ߸Ҫ־ˡ
ͩҲˣ
һɫӰͩܣͩڰԵ̫ģϵɲ֮õ鱦һͷˡ
ڴͬʱһɡ֣ɡɫɫӨ͸·ȸһ
ײϾԣһ𣬶ʱɢޱӿ˱ΪԶ켶֮ϣǰ˷֮󣬽ǿ󹥻ط
Ӱ쳤ХȻ˶Էľ޸֮С
ǿϢʱӸϴ
һŲɹʵơ
һޱǽһ弶ȫȫһֻһɱ

ңԽŭһֳ壬ͷųܣҪֹԷǷͩͩشʧְʦš
ѾˣһѾͩͷ
ͩһھѪԭѾ൱˵лԪɡһΣͩķ
ɫ׶
лԪɡǿһ
лԪɡһ壬Ʒ鱦֮еļƷ
ͩľ粻ֻܴ߷ܣɼˣҲС
ɡ׶޸ײһС͵ĢǿҵĳȻ򼼵Ļ޳ɢͩͷĻɽ塣
û˻ɽѹƣͩڵķڣԸٶӿлԪɡ֮С
ɡƾǴ˼֣Եøǿ
׶븫Ƭ̣㱻ĦӰһɢˡ
޸˴ɡϡ
䡪
ҵıը޴Ģƣ񱩵ĳȻɢ˰
ûıЦʲôţԲһоԵĿԻɱԷ˵ʥʿһҲˡһնɱ˼
Խʱ򣬲ų֣Ѿˡ
ɶ񣬸ȥһƳ¡
ɾڰ;֮УպһԽ˵ȲҪż

ƳδɢͻȻᡱһ
һϸСâ͸Ƴգһš
ಡ
ϸ׼ȷسüģüĽ룬Զ
ԭϵЦһӽӲˡ
еĹâʼʼʧϢʼɢ𽥽Ӳ
⣬⣬ⲻܣôܣ
ϸûзԶâɢȥԳ壬һӵ߳Ȼͩ彣һͩʹġ
ƳʱɢͩˣͷһСɡ£ףֻɫмֲ԰ס
ɴ۾ڴӿ£ص˵ϣҳһӡ
ͩشӿ£һ֮С
ͩһűԴ鱦Դ飬洢൱ȫķ£ͩܵ飬ղŵ¶ԷȫһǺεȵգбԴ鱦һƵΣ
ô£ѵشӿӵ˳ǿվȫ¶ֻüһ˺۶ѡ
ıһ鱦־Ͳͬˣ㰲ĵȥɡͩ˵˵һն
ʱʬ


256  ˳
ͩʤˣʤʵϣʤطϣҲʤڷϡ
ͩ˵Էĸͷһ鱦Ʒ鱦һ弶ʹһƷ鱦϶Էǿ󹥻пƵͩķ
ϧû
һӽʽϣȷʵ
߽ϣһ˲֮䣬ҲӦ
Сʦ壬ԺҪô˺òãҪ飬һ鷳ġԽΪңûǰͩͼͩΪҲȷʵŵˣʵ̫Σˡ
û취潻ͩҡͷ̾
Խһ˵УСʦ壬Ǹ겻Ҳûгͷġ
պʱ򲹳겻ɸϿ϶°ܱʣӰպķչŶ
ͩˣһ۸Խˡ
߽ͩѸ٣Ǳ߿ɾˡ
ͩó˶㻹ķǳ㾹ȻӵƷ鱦պޱĽؿͩ˵
ǺǡͩһЦûж͡
պֻĽ˭˼Һ̨ӲأһƷ鱦˵̫Ū֣ҷ˵͸ӷǺ顣

պȵòͷˣҪԳˣΪģ֮ſѾɢǧ﷽Բνܸ졣
ſ˲䣬ֻһ֮еļʮͱɷĩֻһѱ׵ʿ˷á
֮ڵʮȴж磬֮׷׿ʼץˡ
ȫֻε־ܡ
ĸΧ֮£Ѿ˲壬ȥܾܿʹ䣬˳˯
أһҾͻ㡣չ˼壬ȥˣһ˽պ֣֪ѱˣһ˿Իš
˵꣬ԥؽȫӡԱ
Ա൱ֲġ
شκβԱֻ˲䱻Ŀռͱƣô˻ᣬƿƬռ䣬ӽ˿ռȻ˲٣˳ռ䡣
ƾٽ볬ռ䣬ܵٶȾͬҲ׷
ãպӦ죬˲аסǹɿ񱩵ԱȻЮ˿ռ֮С
˺һպǱشӻҿռ֮г

٣ʧ㣬õôƴôֻͨѣѵٸôպƿڴղĺþգӦʱǹɿµ˻ҿռ֮У½Ҫٵһ롣
ȫҴȥȻһһʡ
ǸպˣµСӣǲǿԡͩʵ
ŶˡպһԴеˣץŮӶ
ڵŮʿ治٣֮࣬˴˹ȥò绨Ҽ
ͩʶһɨȺ֮ҵ˹ӰһȺ֮˹
ֻһɴ޷رץ
һͷĿѣ󣬲ſͩˡ
㣬ͩһ´е
ǻʶţҼһ£ûбūۡպͩӿԷˣԲһϸ
պ֮һѹϸؼԷ꣬Ƿζ
Ȼóһŵҩι˹ࡣ
ʳ˵ҩ֮Ĺ˲˰˯״̬ʲôʲô
һʴ֮󣬽պȷ˹ʲôҲ֪飬ֻǱȨõĵưˡ

ܺãûˣͩԴˡպԼ֮󣬵˵ͷֻļ䡭
ҲգһӣͲˣǲҪ⴫ڿֻšպͩ˵
ǵȻлպˣССﲻɾ⡣֮ͩȡһӣݸ˽պ
ȻŹԽһڻ뿪ˡ
·ϣ˹֮ͩӵɻֲʡ
ţһкܶɻɣԼȥɡͩһ֣Ͱѹս֮С
ͩпռ鱦Ļ˵ܣҲҪ
ԽʱźʵСʦ壬ʲôպպ鲻СҲ̫ʧġ
ûʲôһö㹻ծõǷҵ顣ͩٺһЦ˵
ԽˣԽҲûٶʣֻҪʧڶԷ㹻ˡϾͩԼŽһҪ滹Ҫ˼ġ
һߣպǳͩǸӣа룬ʲôĵرû
պѺһ򿪣ʱסˣϾ˹ѺӸˣ⿪йغе˲䵹û˷ֺװʲô
պѺСԼĴռ֮У¶һĨЦݡ

ŵһףף鱦ףͨ鱦պ꣬Ҳճһ׹鱦鱦ΪǷȱȻͨ鱦Ҳ൱ˡ
ܹһ鱦Բһ㡣
պףԼǷͩһ顣ⲻʲô⣬ţɽֵýύ
ͩصӶᣬ֮󣬾ͻصԼıչˡ
磬һϰټ鱦һЩ鱦Ѿˣһ͸պ鱦׾֮һ
ͩһֱڵȴЩ鱦ĺ٣ȻǳһͻƣҪӦǿ٣ֻпȥֵ
ͩƵķ֮УԷӶࡣ
Գͣһ㶼ᾭ鱦١
ͩоٵģֻʮ鱦Գ͵鱦֮Уٲûн٣Щ鱦٣Ͳ鱦
ԣͩҪһһǳ١
ҪĲˣ鱦Լȥ鱦ٵĻɹһ㲻߹һ롣

Ҳ˵ͩеʮ鱦һᱻٻٵһ뽫øǿǱ
ûһʦĻɵԼƳ鱦֮£Ϊذ鱦٣Ͳϡˡ
ͩеһɷһΪóⷽҲǷȱ
ڶ죬ͩͿʼԼҵĺԺյϵ
̻ͼ󷨣һæʮʮҹûϢ
ˣ۰ͩ̾˿˵ϣûʵ̫ˣֲͣͣ͹һˡ
ԽͩͣϢˣϽǰһͩߣ㱨Сʦ壬½Ǳ鱨档
أҡͩ˿ʵ
Խ˾ı档
ͩϸһ飬ʱ¶Цݣĵ˵Ҿ˵˲٣벻պ˸ӣӵʡҲ
ԭĶ죬һ첻ʹ²еõҪĴ𰸣Ȼ˳֮£Ѵ½һļһ߽ˡ
дص۹Ϊ£۹Ĺ֮Уܵǣľͳ֮һ
պͩͩϵɨüΪ׸ɴ࣬Ϊ˳˴½ٹǸɾһְڣһҲͶұ

½۹ʮպΨ۹ִкͼලɨжΪͩӡ
۹Ļҵûг£֮µͲôˣ֮УһЩӵ˽ᣬܵ˴½ץ
ǣЩ֮Уһ붼ڲ֪±ãܵĳͷأЩ֪£年ͽԼЩ֮󣬳Ϊ߹壬ȫ
Ƶ壬³ҲһѣΪǵ걻ūˣûа취ٻָֻնݳ൱ɴ࣬Ҳûʲôʹࡣ
Щûбƻ年ͽǵ³ɱǰҪҰٱЩͽ³Ļն̣ߣֱӳǣ֮Уܾó
֮ʱǹ۹һڹ壬ʾ䡣
ͩΪ۹Ӷ᳤ԭҲ֮УֻǱԽԱչΪɸܾˡ
պȻΪС¶ͩıչء

ЧʼߣͩҲʮңͰˡ
ͩ漴Ӧ˹̾ǲ˵ҵѾˣܼͩ򵥾۹ϸ
벻һؼ̽ף֮
ͩЦˣЦ
ţæӣҲؼ̽ȥͩ΢΢һЦ
ͩϢһ֮󣬿ʼ񾧡
ͩû񾧵ģͩ鱦ʮ鱦м۵һɵĴ˹ᣬõǧ񾧡
ÿһҪʮ񾧣ܹ鱦ɽ١
󷨱ҲҪǧ񾧵ĲϷѵģͩпռ佻ƽ̨ǿԼá
ռ佻ƽ̨ϣҲܶ࣬ڿռ佻ƽ̨֮ѾرֵԭױｵΪײϡ

һʱڣ۹۶֮ڣʱܹսܲ춼׽ٽ١
Ϊ·صͩıԵ۶İȫҲѯʡ
ʶȴϳ˿֮ɣʱƣͩʦ֮벻ȥѡ
µ٣ŵ˲ʶʿ
һȥģ۶Ҳϰˣ˶Դ˱ʾʡ۶ԭסǶһ赭дĿ˵ûû£˵ĳλʦµߣһ죬ϾͲˣӰϢ
۶ƽǶ֪ʦˣ˵۹ˡ
ߣ춼˶ţҼʱʱܡ
ʦЭǱߣߴʦʦ棬ҪӶĵ̣ǶֱܿӲˡ
;ˣ·ǰݻͩ
ȴܲɵرԽͩչأܴΪɣܾ˰ݻᡣ
۶вٵ۹֮


257  ʦĺ䶯
ҲֻĬĬȴţ
ǿҲӶĵ̣˻ӶĻ᳤
ûĸҲҰ
۹ʹ֮Уλ֮ϣ˵Ļ㱨
Ǳ߻ӣֻǴǰ쿪ʼ׽ٱͣƺѾˡĹ˲ʮ壬һ͸ϰ٣ƹ۹ȫŵزػ㱨
ţֻҪЩʵʵľˡͷӦ
νļ壬˵ˣǸҡ
½ϣ֮ĹϵѺãĦҲӰ֮ĳЩܹϵ
쳯ͳ֮£ԿĵΪ˴֮ͻС쳯Щ֮ΪС
Щ˶ǳٶġ
ʲôıܹ٣
Ҳ鱦
ڷ½֮ϣʦѾǵλ൱ˣߴʦǷëǵĴڡԶʦ֮ϵʦǸǴ֮еĴ档
½Ѿûгһλʦˡ

ʦְҵ֮ж𾴣ڷ½֮ϣʷдϵ⣬û˵
һλߴʦʸ죬һĻԵʦʦִڣһ㲻ڷ֡
ÿһ屳һλʦĴڣȻޱȵ˽ġ
ÿһʸӴһλʦġ
ÿһλʦܵ󳬼ıӻκ񶼲˺ǣΪǿҪƳ鱦ɱװһ½׵ʦλͬΪ
һʦʦֻռΪôֻҪԸ⣬󳬼һԸ⻨Ѿ޴񾳽硣
ʦһףһҪ츳ְҵκһʦΪԪϵ䡣
ΪŴ󳬼֮һѪ༸ʦ񼶱൱ɵ顣мʦͣ񼶱µĻ
ǳĵ
һǾֻҪԴһͷҲܹ
ɵĻûһżĵģûеûӭѶϵľģʹˣҲκγɾ͡

ͩ˿ԼıϢͩ½ׯƵĽϰ鱦׷׶ɽ٣ȻԪ
Ϊ鱦ɹ֮ͿֱʹˣҪһʱʹȫõ̺ͷӡ
ò˵һĴоǿʮ鱦ɹʮͨ鱦ʮƷ鱦ʮ
ɹʴﵽﵽٷ֮ʮ൱һ֡
ͩչĵ죬ϿպȻһҳ׵ɴҷɴͣϿ׸ߴŴ
˴
ΪԾɴһǲ½֮ڵġҰѷɴ½ͣһ۹Ͽգ󳬼⣬û˸ôˡ
ڰһ߶ȵʱ
Ѿˡ
۹ʼλкҪ£ò棬ĵ̣Ҫǳ£Ⱦְ
ãǶʹߣյҪ£¡Ϊ׵İʹ߿˵

ˣʱЩѣλȻʹߣͷʵ̫ˡСˣ˶ܹµʹߣûʵôܣ
λʹߣк֤ʱ򣬻ǱϽ磬˿⡣
ϸ糾Ⱥ֮ҵƣ֤ɡΪ׵İʹ߲û쳯ʹ棬Ϊмӡ
Ц˻ȻĶˣ˵ʵڵģΪҪһЩСʹߣԺеСЬˡõЩʹߵʶֻҪϱ۽֪ˣպȺ֮еĵλҲ
ܿ죬ݣȷ֮󣬲ÿελʹˣ뵽ϢΪλӷϴ
ˣҵְڣӶ᳤ͩľڣʹʵ
λ롣󷽵·
ɴ˹ϷˣҪܰ
˵ˣĵ̣Ҫܡ
ԽȻ͵ȴˣôһɴͣϿգҪûз֣Ҳٵˡ
һͩıǰ
ڴ֮⣬Խһ֤λʹߵ֮󣬾ͷǽŵҲһˡ

λɡԽĿ¡
ҵѴΪ᳤ͨͩΪİʹ߿˵
ԵƬ̣Щ죬ͩ˶Ĳ٣ڴչϢȥͨԽش
Խȥͩ㱨ȥˡ
һͩ˿һ˼λʹ߾õˡ
ҵȴˡʹ߿ʦ񶼻ᱣӦе𾴡
ˣԹͩ˵꣬ӻóһöָݸΪ׵İʹߡȻˣһֱ˵Ķλмӣλưһ˸⣬һԡ
һʮͨ鱦ʮͨ鱦ԳǷµծʮ͵ΪȺĹװɣȻλϲĻͩޱȵ˵
⻰֮λʹߵûʲôӦȴѾȵ۾ɵúͭһ㡣
ʮͨ鱦ʲô
һ֮У鱦ҲᳬټԼӵе鱦Ҳֵļʮ֮һ

һͨ鱦㹻λ񷢻ӳǿս
ʵµһֻҪװһͨ鱦ܹսʤһˣڽԷնɱҲ˵
ȷһ£ȷλ͵øϽѶͻȥͩЦݵ˵
ʹȷ֮󣬹Ȼ鱦Ҹ඼УԹ鱦ͷ鱦ࡣ
ˣû⣬Ǿʹ˸ˣл᳤ͩĿΪ׵İʹ߶ͩصصһͷʾˡ
ΪʹߣǱȱ鱦˼鱦ҪײҪԼãҲԸʹûȥҲа
ܿ˾뿪ˣֱӵϷɴಡһˡ
ͩĿͷɴȥһǷµһծˣͩҲɶˣνծһᣬͩͲϲǷծ
˶ǽӵͩϱ֮󣬴ֱ½ġ
ͩ鱦֮󣬾ͨϱϲ㣬Ҫ鱦Ķȷʵ̶̼첻͸ˡ

Ƥû뿪
˻㱨˵ң½Щ춼ڱչԴˡͩЦк
᳤̫ˣһ᳤ܹܹ䵽ҹҲһԵ֡ĳҪϲ᳤һ᳤Э½ɨҹԼܱ߸ǱʹǱܵش´󹦰Ц˵
ҲöѡͩĵЦȷʵˣһεɵüΪˣΣǰһپʮ͸㶨ˣӰչ涨ͩԵõȥǽһپʮĽ
ĺ°ͩԶҲʱֲֿٶȣ˵ֱ꣬ӵ춨ͩޱι̵Ļ
֮һ˴˵Ļ̸ոǢˡ
˲˵ĳ᳤򼸼ֵ鱦᳤֪Ƿϸأô˻Լ⡣
Ȼ̹ףĳҲȻСȷʵһЩ鱦Ҫɽõģ鱦Ŀɹƣ᲻֪ͷϿеûõ鱦ʮȫǹ鱦ͩ˵
Ŷ̫ˣ᳤۰ɡЦ

ʲôŹҲ֪Ҳ벻˴Ϊ鱦ɽٹ飬ôĺ䶯˹ôЩܲȫɣͩȻµˣҲɵΪһͨѵͨѶһһ塣
᲻еĵͩʶ໥֮һ㲻ҪͩΪԼһһ壬ǲܵġͲʵ
ĳͻˡԴǸһ߾ȹ˵᳤óʮ鱦۸ߵãĻ˭õ鱦Ҳֻա
ͩһȷʵһð취Ļ˭鱦κһʵϣҲʦǳõķʼմһƫκˣԱʦĳȻλ
ˣͰйˣŵ۹ʼ׮ɣͩ뿪Ц˵
ǣǣĳҪһ䣬ʮ鱦ôأ˵᳤ȱʲôأʵһ鱦綼񾧣񾧶µʿ˵ò

Եֿռ񾧾ͺˡÿһ鱦׼۾һԵֿռ䡣ͩϸһ»ش
ʮޱͩҪƣֿռѡͩѾʸˡ
Եֿռ䣬˵Թռ䡢ռ䡢ռ䡢ڰռȵȣЩռԱȲȻռ䣬ǿƳɱռ֮󣬶ڱмӳɣһԳΪ鱦ɱѳ
ˣ˼ص˵ͷмˣܹµ׼ʱ䣬ǿһԡ
ֿռ䣬൱ֿͨռ䣬Ҳռ䷨֮һԵֿռ͸ѵãҲ
ͨ鱦ļֵҲһֿռ㹻ˣڷ˵鱦ѵñֿռѵá
Ͼڷ֮У鱦Ѱ֮еܹѰ̫࣬ͨ鱦Ϊϡ١
һҲһ鱦


258
֯飬òͩģ۹ҿ֮µĻʼǧ֮һĳɣͩ֯һʢޱȵ鱦רᡣ
ûдרᣬƷϼܣֻͩʮͨ鱦
Ϊ¡
⣬ͩλʹ뿪֮ĵڶ죬ӵ֪ͨԲɣAȺ׵500+100ǽʱ䣬һη񱮲ᡣ֮⣬ͩ̽׼ڡ
ͩҲףһεǽޣҲ֪ʲôʱܻˡ
һ룬ЩҲȷʵ˼˫ףͩһ֮󣬲Ĺ᳤ɽ֮󣬾ʹŶŮܻؼ̽ס
ͩӶ᳤ֻ겻ûõˡ
ϢȻ˳ȥ׼ȥˣȻвҪͩ
ͩɴԱչΪɣڼﲻˡ
ͩûӦЩһ̫鷳ˣ粻
ʮ죬ЩɢˣֲɵӣͩͣѵĸҶŲɣ

มͩţʵͣûУ
˿̵ͩڱĺԡŻŴƵĹ磬һֲֻͣ侫µĶš
˿ѾĿ֮УԴЩӦ
ͩһֻǰ㷢ϣŶԷĿ
֮⣬ԡ֮⣬ĸߺűɴɬѾͷһ̺š
ķ⽨ò˵˼伫µܡ
һø߳ļһ߲ʱ̧ͷޱߣǵͩ¶ܵɫ
÷ĸѾͷܹһЩѵ޵ֱֳǵĳ൱޴ġֱ۵ľϵԷӦŮ˿ȻǴĵˡ
ͩڻ˹ĺɭ֮£̽ɭ֮еİء
ܲסг
һѾͷ
練Ӧ˹εؿĸѾͷ
ǻŸʲô֪ô̺𣿡ֶĸѾͷе
ǣˡĸѾͷȥıɴ⿪鲼Ƭڵммڴվͩǰ
үū̺ϴԡĸѾͷһϹʮۡ

ͩڹϷйе֮
صĴϣӵһ
๫ôĸѾͷʵ
ڲʱ򣬵ȵΪһЩԪӳˣʱҳ񾳽ʱٲժҲ١ͩʵشǵΪȣҪúҪţ򲻴Ҳżġ
ǡŮӦ
ٹЩӣҾҪؼ̽ˣʱǶȥͩ˵꣬һתˣ磬õˣ
Ѿָˣֻѡܿͻָڵһ˼ϣһεĴСָ̾ǹؼҳ֮һϵ顣
˱ѵζܣһǱԼ𾴵ʦѣָġڵķѾڴ½鱨类൱أеǿԹҲò˰ɡҲգɣҪҲǺ£Ҫʲôֱӵⷿþˡͩ˵
ͩרڱȻռ֮еĻʹת˲Դ൱ȫ
İɣ๫һῪСõġӦ
˯ɡ

£ŮʼΪͩޣɹʺ͸ߵƷ
׼Ҳ൱Ѹ٣൱ʵҪôҪֻ֪Ҫųʮ鱦רᣬ֤ŵζèһؾۼ
ɷϣʮ鱦ͬʱڷ൱ֱˣһΣҲ֪ҪòŻˡ
ֿռǺŪرԵֿռ䣬ô˺嫣ֿռţëҪŪ֣̫ѡ
ͺǳ֮һ֮УԴ̫ˣΪʲôϲأΪû˲ɼɼǳ֮Ҳð
ǮҲð㵱󹤰ɣ
һҼҪģ治ʲô¡
˵Щĳ壬ҪģԵֿռС˼
ʱعȥˣ۹֮УʼѾۼ˲ˣܹŵģֻ֮Уգҵõ֤һͳ塣
ͩΪˣҲ֪μʢᡣ
ĸ˴˿ԴڴǰһһӴÿһλˣΪһȫͷĴ˿

һӳʽγͣ˻ʼſڡ
ĸۿּӭ˹ȥ˳ţޱȹӭӭ᳤ر𽻴λүҪ̺ãһ©ֱӾɨĴﰡ
᳤Ϊ׼õİᣬСɡλ᳡ܸޱȹƬ⡣
ͩˣŵ˾ԽҲһ³ͷ˴˵ءǣ֮½˲ٳӣǳϵûȥռ˻᳡ſλõĺγ
᲻װ൱ݻͩɳǰ棬͹һһҵͩߣԽվſڴصıڡ
ԽڸԽԽˣǰмʺʦŹϵԭ
ͩ⼸䷢һ׹ͷ鱦Ȼͨ鱦˵Ѿ൱ݳ޵ˡ
Ҫ֪һγִʦǱ߲ŸԼ䷢һ鱦ڳʮʱ̵һ鱦ǺϵڱҲû̫ˡ
ԽԽͩλСʦԽ˳ۣʦ벻ԼλСʦ廹һز©ļһ

һ߾һӦ͵;ƷдͩһжǸߵ
ʮӲʽʼˡ
һ׷̨˵Һãӭ۹ʼⳡʦһҪ𾴵ʦƳԶƷߵͨ鱦ֻ֪鱦ܷӳһλΰǿʵһΣǽʮͨ鱦
ڴʱһ󷽵Ůһ鱻첼ס
һľϵɽһľ֮ʦǣǧҪˡ׼ۣһԵֿռ䣬ÿһμӼ۲ʮ񾧡ʦܵȴû鱦ĺãΪֻб֪֮Ҳ֪ɣ
ռһʮ񾧣ʦĻ䣬˳ˡ
ռһʮ񾧡

൱ң񾧵ļӼۣܿ񾧡
ռһһǧ񾧣ȻͨϯܹͨϯĶǰ壡

ռһǧ񾧣ϯڳˣһӾͰѼ۸屶
ܹڰϯȫǳ壬񵱿ɽǲǴ½Ĵ
Źǧ񾧣ûиߵģʦֱӰռʡԵˣ׼ÿ࣬Ϊʱ򣬳ͩ⣬˽ҪһԵֿռ䣬ûУǲ˼ﲻӭ㡣
ǧ
ǧ
һ򣡡2ŰĹֱʲС
1ŰͩڵİᣬƽᶼǸģøͩ2ŰȻǵ۹ϼ塣
һ2Źһ򣬻ûмӼ۵ģ
һǧ3Ű˽е
һμģṲʮͩ⣬ϯλǰСֵġ3Ű4Űᶼǵ۹ĳ塣
һǧ4Űˡ
򣡡۵10ŰᣬҺ÷ǳɴ࣬һֲϧ۵ľ
Ҳ²⣬10Ű
ֻ2Ű֪м۵10Űᣬ䱳һλľ֮λľϵ鱦ȫԸƴ
ʱ򣬴Ҳ˼ˣֻһͨ鱦һֵҲ񾧣һε׼һԵֿռ䣬ⶫȻֵ˶񾧣ǾԲҡ

񾧣һΡ
񾧣ڶΡ
ɽϲ10Űᣡ̽𣬻ǻ󽻸ʦʵˣͨϯλϵ˶ﲻġ
Ȼ̽ԷȻȲҪõʵֻжˣŸġ
ܿģ֮Ǽ鱦Ҳ˶ԷС
žǵڶ鱦
ͩó鱦ȫǹ鱦ʽҲûһظġ
ڶ߼鱦Ӧļ۸˳ȥ൱׺ݣӿɰһȺ˿ɵˡ
ԭ鱦ô󰡣
̫Զˣ֮еİ񲻼ÿ궼ȻһȻȥĴۼ󣬶ӴĲȻ㲻ϸߣֻв㣬в㶼㲻ϡ֮в鱦ǿ󣬵Ǻ˽⵽һ鱦ļ۸᰺˵ز

Ĳ𣬴ϾܹһĻҲһ񾧣ָȫңֽ
һˣ񾧵ֽ𣬻ǻѵģ鱦ǿսмС鱦̫٣̫࣬ɮ١
ԣһط鱦Ƿǳġ
ڷ鱦ֱͺнࡣ
ˣֵǵڰ˼鱦̨ˣڰ˼鱦һﵽͨ鱦۷ˮ׼ԣļ۸ͬԵֿռز֮⣬ļ񾧣ʦܵ
鱦ÿһǱƷʶᷢʵı仯ͨ鱦ָӵһ鱦ﵽе鱦ĲΡ
ǿе鱦ӵ˵ͩелԪɡ
ͩƳǿ鱦Ҳĵ̫Զˡ
˵ʵڻͩҲûôྫϣͩ˵ֻһָķͩڷ˽ø࣬۵øѡ
ۡ۸ͨϯһ󾪺


259  
Щһģûм档
ĵ׼۾ǵļҵ鱦ֶȻһģֻǶһֱֵ
ڰ˼鱦һ˫ȭףʦϲ֮һ
вҲϲȭȭĸоֱԭʼĴҲܷһʵĹʽ
ͨ鱦ֻٲܾܿûˡ
бһ˫ȭ鱦ֻһˣǵڽ֮ʱ屦֮лģѡγȺ׵ϡ٣ܹȡһ鱦Ѿ൱ѵˡ
񾧣֮ǰ֮ԷǰѷɽᣬҲΪĿ˫ףΪĶȻЩƷΡȭ׺ֵ֮鱦Ʒ޼Ȩ˵ڰλҪСĴ´˱
Ѿһ˫ȭ鱦Ҳͬ鱦
˫ȭףΪ̣ҲӼۻһ鱦֮񾧾ģһҲܷŹ

򣡡4Ű˿ӵؽе
򣡡3Ű˸ݣ
šŽҸӣֻҪ˫ȭףȥ֣Σʶ3ź4Ű˵
ˣ۹ĹҲ
ף鱦Ҳǧ˰ɣĺû᣿ǻǸƾ°ɡ˲Լͬؾܾ
ðɣ˵ɡֻԣʧܴ
˿̵ļ۸һǧһǧǣǵ÷ǳ˶ûз
еͼ񣬶۸ûˡĵ鱦ǶüЦޱȵؿģûĵĶüһա
ӣѹ鱦һһ󣬾ҵܶ𰡣
ܺãҪҫʯɵķݶ
Ҳǣ
ôȥٰҫʯ۹·ֲƷ鱦ɱĸϣġ
֮󣬸ݿĴСֵǾԲûȫһֻٶЩ
Ϊ֮гֻԭ󣬱뾭һϵмֶ֮ȥԭǿǿˡ
̸ƴˡ̸̸ˣ˵ɣǰٷ֮һɡ

ʮ򣡡ֱӽеʮĳ߼ۣнһʳ¸ϢҲȱûٵĻ쵰Ҫǿ
ʮ򣡡3Ű˺ԥضһ
ʮ򣡡ּһ
ӣһӰ˺һ
ʦʵʮ򣬻˼ӼʮһΣʮڶΣɽʦ
λֵļһҲûٳˣΪҲ֪ۼˣиʽ鱦ˡ
˿ȻӵʮֽҲô࣬ÿѺһ񾧳ȻҾܹϢˡ
ʮ񾧣
һҲƷ鱦ֵʹﵽ£˵ĵĵϵƷ鱦ˡ
ֻʮ񾧣һҲ󣬾ֵۡ
鱦ƳɱԲᳬǧ񾧣ֹѡƷѡм϶ɽٷգɱҲһҡϾֻһȭףܹöٲϣֲֳرŽзѲϣɱߡ
ˣҲɷʦȻһǳǮְҵ

ھż鱦Ҳӵжʦϵھż鱦һս֮Уһ糤һǿʦ֮УҲ൱ܻӭ漫㡣ֵҲ١
ļۣһԵֿռ񾧣ʦ
ΪĳɱߣļҲһЩ
۸ǵúܿ죬ҲһԽ֣ԱˣǲˣԸҲġҴҵûֽдʮ񾧻õóġ
Ͼ鱦ֶûˣǳ֮Ρ
֮У鱦Ϊսʣ˽Գڡ
۸ܿʹʮ񾧵ĸ߼ۣмˡ
һڰһɵؿŰļǿĳ壬гһ˵ļ۸ȫûȣΪ˲ϧҵҲ𰡡
䱸鱦ʵ̫ݳһЩ
ս˻˵սƷпܵõ鱦ı
ӵ鱦İһ㶼ս൱ǿǱ֮
ܲɣ֮ϰټҰ壬ʷΪƾõļ壬ûһܹóʾ޿鱦
ȫ˿͡

鱦ʮ񾧺Ͷʮ񾧵۸˳ȥⳡ鱦רʹ˽ˡ
һεᵵ൱֮ߣɮ٣ʮ鱦ȫۺʵͬۺĳǸûиЩһˮ
ʵϣڳУЩͲһģΪٻԻ͵İҲ˥һ죬Ϊ岻ÿһ񣬶ԪޣǿİҲֻܻһꡣ
Ѿ൱ˣһ꣬ͩˣΪҲꡣ
Уһʱ䲢㳤ֻҪ䣬ô弸ǲ˥䡣
ʱð˥䣬ʱȴֻóԽԽǿ
˵ˣԪ棬ԪޣǿҲһپͬ٣治㡣
ȻҲ䣬û
Ԫ֮ǿ󣬾ܹ֮ı֮١
һƣʱҲһԽԽǿÿһԪʹǿһɡ

ͩõһۺľ޿ϧǣĽ棬û˸ҴΪ⣬Ϊʦ
ϲǲ˻ʦģһŪһһȺһȺԲϢҲԻ᲻
ʵΪϲγɷȻɱ⣬ԱȷҪöࡣ
Ϊ˵ģǿߵͺܵˣǾǱøǿôǿ߱øǿΪ⣬װˡ
װǿҲһۺ֡
õ֮ͩһΪƧĵط÷׼ʮƳ
ԽһӻΪͩһǱвһػܣŮӶӱ֮гˣıѾգڷӡռЩּˣͩҲǵˡ
ʧȥǣųɾŶѾˣޣҲ൱ʴˡ
Ҳͩɱ˵鷳
ҲΪּ֮˶ޣжּҵһһҲһˡ

ƵգȻܲƿʼۣһξۼĽƣɲǵٿɱȵģƵĹģ֮ǰǿͬʱƺƳ̶Ҳһ鱦ܹȵġ
ƵĻۺƾҹҹǿѹһֱڽƵķΧ֮ڣԽԽء
ͩһβõķ󣬹൱ߣҪƵĲҲ൱࣬ʮ˸Եֿռ⣬ʮŵǳ֮ˣԼޱȵĲϣÿһײϣģ
Ѿǿ鱦ɱĽײҲɱ棬Ǿ޴˷ѡײóǿʦУƳɹҲһеɱпϵɱײϣ䱾ļֵͲһߵ鱦䱾Ĳ֮ǿϵ鱦ȫҲ޷̫ĺۼ
ͩͨռ佻ƽ̨ŪĶѡ
֮⣬ʮ֣Ľǧ֣ĵӴޱȻĲϣЩ϶Ǿ֮ͩģ⼸ͩûţÿճ֮⣬ʡʱϣĲϣǵʱǻ洢ġ
ճǿ˫ˣ⵹ʡͩٵ£˵

ʼתͩʮ񾧣ֱ൱֮ת൱˳תĶҲ൱ǿ
ÿһ϶˳ʼ
һֱתֱת֮ڿʼˡ
䡪׽֣ףһ㶼ǿİ֮ʱģһֻһԣڵȴȫศ£ϡ
׽ٿʼԶԶûе֮ʱͬʱ֣·ٳһ㣬ٵǳǿˣվĵشӲĻΣա
ĳɳ죬ٶȴ
ô֮£ԭֻʮߵıһһؼӸߡ
֮ͩ⣬ž޴ѹкŻָҩһӡһӡشʼʶزٿǳ֮ˣڳǶһߣƵҲһһȡһһӣֻҪӷѿǾͻɱɱ

ʱһΣһ¾͹ȥˣͩƹڼ֮СٸţȻһ»ڼ
ͩպ֮ʱɽٵѶǿ϶൱ľ޴ȽٻҪǿ
ͩڽȻʮ־޴ģΧȴԽôˣԲû˻Ĺעͩ㾪׵ĽĴΰҲûдȥ
ʮƣϺͩĲиŬ֮£ڿҪˡ
ڣв϶Уǿ׵Ĳ϶ʹ֮£ϵõ˰ٷ֮һٵںϣʱһȼϡ
ʮƵѾ£Ҳһ̶ȴﵽ˼£ռ֮£ϳͣռͨӿͩԺ˶ڿռһۡ
ֻԶģһ˸߲籦ʮ˽ǷСڰգʾ߹


260  ؼ̽
ɵ֮еı֮죬Ϊ˳ɳȻҲ伫ڡ
ǸݷĲʺġ
ϣݸԪأ˵ʡЧɵǱȵȷ֮󣬱ΪΡ
ձıƲΣ඼ѡΣΪεķ֣൱֮࣬ҽǱҲѶҲУ൱ǰ;
һ˵ձ׼Ƴĵα˵ĳɳԽɱΣһЩƷԴﵽϵɱļ
ڶεıԽɱĲΡ
һεıԴﵽɱ۷Ρ
Ȼĳɳ൱Ĳԣе˿Դﵽλ֮ǰԼı£еȴҪﵽߵΪβſԡ
ָڱ׼֮µĽ̶ȡ
Ҳ⣬ǾǲͩһԴʱ򣬵õ˱Դ
һεıۼʵҲɱĲΣֻǲǡ

֮еʶԻΪ߸ȼӦľǿռ佻ƽ̨ϵ߸Ȩ޵ȼ
εıصȵȣԲ۵ĻΪǵƱ׼ֻҪľܹһЩƷҪ󼸼Ľġ
ڶεıҪĽģҪģȻҲųһЩͽײΪںҪ
һεıҪ͸ߣߵٶȡ
ӳɱѶ˵εıʺռ
ΪһﵽףǼֱǿıˣ׷һϣһֳɵϵɱˡ
ײϵļֵͲһɱˣ
߽ģǸǴ˵ˣϣˣҲϲΪ߽Ի䡣
￴ȥһҲۣ˵ĤڣһƬȥǳͨʯͷ飬һֿȥΪͨСݣ˵һ߽ҩһڳĸƤ˵֮Ƥ
мص࣬ҪҵǣҪԵġ
Դ飬һ
ͩӵпռ佻ƽ̨ҲֻõײϣԴǻԵʹȻǿ󲻵á

ԣһЩԵ֮ˣƱʱ򣬻⣬˸߽ײϣԭֻһεıȴܹø߲εĽǱ
ʮձѾƳɹɢϢֱ棬һͨ鱦
ⲢļޣԲϳɳֻҪͩ䣬Կ϶ӵаٷ֮ٽɱǱ
ʵϣƷƳ֮󣬻ǿԼǿģּǿҪС
ͩ崫֮УʮһƷǳ˵֮컯ΪԷֳɲͬĲ㼶ɣӵ͵ߣһ˵ֻҪƵʱײϣδܹɱΡ
ĵģԼ
ǰܵıĽܵʡЧɵǱصۺϿ
ʮձһεķ֮УܵӰ͵һҲһ
;ˣĽǱ˵һεķǿ

ͩջƳɹʮʰһ֮߳ɽȣҺܱڣһڻػȻʮ˳
үôˣŮΧʵ
һ˳ǿͩſһСصʮ˽Ǳ֮УһһؼΪ鶯
͹ıֻϲͿġ
ĸѾԼȴǿЩĿɿڴֲǣϾǼʶȷʵǳһЩ
͹ͩ꣬ʶǰߵö࣬Ҳϰͩǿء
ˣǽҲ׼ؼһˡͩ˵
˵꣬ͰŮ˽ȥǾλڶȻռ֮Сʮʮ죬ÿһ㶼ʮǧٿǳ֮ΪǶӳ֣ޱȡ
ǰƷııΣͩҲҪϸ֪֮
һͩԿ϶ǾдͨˣҲκβͩ
ԵλͩԱһУֱ
ţʱǲлˡͩͻȻ뵽˶ǰõǼɱףΪһֱл긽ϣͩҲκβá
ʮǶ֮ڣлʲô

ͩһ䣬˱֮Ч
һֱѹӡ¯ռǼɱ֮еĲл꣬ڱǿ֮£֮ûоͱ
ǿ
ͩܵǿˣ֮ǰĲлһֱ¯ռ֮У꣬Ҳûб𣬵ı֮£˲Ϣ֮仯ΪУȷʵһǿ
ɱͩмּȻֻһͨɱİȫǿ֡
ȻͩҲΪӵԼΣ֮Ҳ㹻Աܹ֮һַҲǺõġ
ɲɱĵطķҪɱҲǶʱܹ쵽ġ
ͩȥ󷨣ʱԽŻӭ˹
ǻȥɡͩһ֣ͷǷȥ
ͩ߸ջصӶһλִ¾ˡ
᳤ˣµĻ᳤ѾˣԹȥһ¡λִ˵
߰ɡͩͷҪż٣ҲȰѹ᳤ְ񽻽֮˵ʵڻӶĻ᳤ȥܵ鲢࣬ʵϣȨͩϵ½ǿΪá
ǲܵʮ˽ãҲܹǧһЩ˽¡

ͩϵӶĻ᳤칫ҵʱ򣬾Ϳһɫ۵ߣΪҲ弶ˮ׼λӦþ׼ε»᳤ο
ͩƽ⣬һ۹Ļ᳤ѡΡ
ͩ£áο¶һѺõЦݣԴ˵
λ᳤ˣǲ˼ɣǻǸϽӰɡϾԺ󹫻񻹵÷λ᳤ˡͩЦЦ˵
һ򻯵Ľ֮
վ֡
λ᳤ǺˣǺǣ޹һᰡ̸ͩЦ
ְͩǰ;ô޹أοػش
ˣĳȸˣʰһҲʱ뿪ˡͩ˰֣뿪˹İ칫֮ء
Ӵų֮󣬻Խˡ
Сʦ壬ȥģԽʵ
ҵļ硣ͩ˵
˵վʹԽ뿪ˣνʰֻ˵ǰˣͩûʲôʰġ
Ǳ߹âһͩһ˾뿪ǡ

𿤿ǣǡ
ڳĹ۾һռǧƺĸڮڮϵдš֡
ͩԼԽˣںĴ⡣
˿̵ĺ⣬вŶӰݷá
ǰͩѡУǰ
ͬһʱ䣬ΪͩѡУͩĵλһӱޱȵظ߹
ڻĹͩǰҲùޱȵسƺһͩ¡˿ð˼
ͩĳܺò飬ͩ߱ѡеǱޣһ߻ͩĸףͨΪͬΪطͨ
ͨڰưͣʢȴ£ǿס
ڸͽ£سɳ
һǰһͨͽԼľλ˶ӣԾԼԶԺŪ
ûдԾͩһĸͬĵܵܡ
ҲϿ֦ɢҶá
֮ͩǰͲ鵽˸ĸڵĽֻҲ벻ԼȻһܵܣ˶ʮֶӺʮ˸ֶ
һӣͩ

ڴʱԶһװмһɫİ̧Ρ
˵ȣҵߣԸͷǰ·һλɢ˺ŵЩݷߡ
˶ʮ֪ȤÿΡ
ͩڵλȺԣͩ˻֣õһߡ
ڴʱĴŴŮӭ˳һܼģӭ˳ޱȹؽеӭүظ
һŮ͵ӭүظ
ͩ΢΢һЦ˵֮
ү֪ˣ֮УͿԳҡʿΪһҲ㲻ʲôڽ͵
ʵϣ½ϣ嶼ôġ
ڴʱһͷڵӽһΡ
ͩϸشһԼûм׵ܵԾ
ģϣԼķơ
ǴԾ¶ϣ԰
ʣͩҲػۣԲԾһ㣬ӹɢǴӳϵĲɵġ

ͩʱһڿԵͽΪͨСˮƽ򵥶ʵּͩͥ³ɳȻûֳҴȡ
ΪĲߣͩ˵ĸоƮңɼȣ·ٻ̣ͩû
ԾҪͩҸöˣһǺСүٻ⼸ĻۣҳΪ֮ΪӵзصʵȨ塣ľλ֮󣬸Ǵ⣬Ȼ˭ҷɡ
Ծ½֮󣬻һܵȺ΢΢һüڴʱĸйȫĿ۽ͩϡ
Ծһ£漴ϸشһͩмţԪʶɨ˹
һɨ֮£ȻʲôҲûи֪Էһ˸ĸоԨĥ
ԾûۼͩͩĻӰȴֻһεؿֻǶٶûλ硣
磿ԾԴӶԷϸоһеĸоҶԷģԼҵĴһģһ
ͩЦŵ˵ͷ漴һΧȺʾһ¡
˰峡ԾסļЩ˶ͽģ˶ӡӵͩʾ֮е˼


261  ؼҵ
ͳָıʿʼж
λү۳Ͷ٣ҪϢ첻κͣλһ£ʮϢ֮뿪ǾҪͼɱǶͳ
ΧЩеͽģеĳλµģелģеĵȵȡ
Ȼ𿤣ûĸĴǰġǻʼҵˣҲÿͿġ
ܿ죬Щ˶ɢȥˡ
磬㣿Ծݼ磡Ծϥسͩһݵ
ɣܡͩһԾ
ԾмּȻ֮ʵϣ֧Ѿﵽռͨ򸾣ǰλţ
߰ɣǽȥ˵ɣÿɺãͩѹеļʵ
ܺã趼ռЩһֱԺŪԾ˵
ֵȻû棬Ǳ˴֮Ѫ黹Ǵڵġ
Ҳǲŷչļ壬ڴ֮ǰֻͨ˼ҡԾܵϵĳ谮ͱһֱɳ˳ؽҼľλԣûоƼĶ֮

ڳ˿һĻ֮ĶԻ֮󣬶һֻͩҪ֮ˣš
ܹ֮ڣһռ𿤣൱𺳵顣ľǣ֮УЩһǶĬ˴£ҵ˹𿤣ʵϣûĸҹȻԿ
һ֮أҲð񼶱Ŀײѹס
ҵı󲻽лڳҪľΪͩĴڡһ֮صĲƸȻ˵һҪϽɸһȴǿԽġ
ҾӴĲƸ֮ϣչ˲ٸ֡˵λͳͳ죬һλʥǿߡ
ܲ˼飬ʵϾˣռͳ֮λ˲ٸ֣ܹƿ𿤣
ǱĹܼҲüԸ͸Ͻӭӵ̸׼ˡ
һ̤ţһųţӴſһֱ쵽ǰԺͳһķΡ
ӭүүؼҡ
Ƕɢ˰ɣЩͩؿ˵
ԾϸشһͩʱԼλ粻ϲơ
ͩȷʵϲԼﻹҪ¡ء

Ƕȥ°ɣסԼͣҪ˵Ծ˶ɢȥˡ
磬ǾȥԺɡԾֱ
ã·ͩ˵ͷ漴ԸӵǾͲøˣȥϢɡ
Сʦ壬ҵߣ಻ܳ׵ľ롣Խ
Ҳգ͸ŰɡͩҲûֹ
磬λǣԾΪվżܹóԽʵ
ԽҴʦǿĵӣ񡣷ҵİȫͩܵ
ԭԾŷӦתͷͩ񣿡ԾȻһַҵĸо
Ҫ֪ˣҲѣˣҲܹһǰһʵҲѹԾ˾ˣϾ۽粢
ؾȣ֮񼶱ĴڣԲ١ǵ̬ҲûУô̸ֺ׷ǣͩشͩڿܵܵأһǿߵӡ
лָ㡣Ծȷʵôһ֮Ҳһλߵ̬ˡ
߰ɡͩûٶ˵

ԺһͥԺ֮Уʮĺӣڼȭ
һϵẔ̌ޣһԼලţĸӵĶ淶ȥָһĸ͵ⲻ˾һ巣
ͩԾͥԺشÿһĻ
꣬ϰҲҵģ˵統ҲġһֱҶ߿޴СʹˣԼѣСС;ֳ츳ԾԺϸѵ֮е亢ӡ
֪⼸ֻҪ֮еĺӵһ䣬Ҫ͵ϰֵѵһֱΪֹԾ˵ÿмϢʱ䣬趼ǡ
ͩóϹ÷ǳʡ
֣ͩ˽ȥڽе
ͨתͷȥʱסˡ
ϰ֣Ծͨסˣе
Сӣ㻹֪ؼҰͨޱȼݺᰡ
ԾһֵˣˣǻؼҸϰɡ
ǣүүүүټүү棩һСһ￪ĵؽе漴ɢˡ

ݣϢҲ˳ӣȲذѴһѱڻӯ
һ֮һӵҲָ˹
Ծ߷ԸһܼϴطԸ׼磬лҵһھӢ
ȻЩ귢չ಻٣Ҳֵֻ۵һ䶼Ҫү߽ͳһĽѧⷽ棬ǳƽҼ֮еĹΨ߾֮
ӵܣĻҲܹӸλӵӲڼ֮ҲԳͷ
ڵںͿڣӵǲڵġϾĽүƹܣǺǵĸĸҲҲ졣÷շôմ
弯ļһֻһ꾡ͷĽ֮գŻС֮⣬ִ磬ǼҪŻټ
ͩһȫʿȻ겻Ȼ䣬Ҳ
һĿھһ˼ҳ
ͨ˼ļ壬ڳ֮ߵļ֮ǷǳŨġ
ͩԾһ㣬㲻ŨŨȻûбʡ
ͩԼ̸һԼЩľȻ˵ü򵥣ȴ˷ǳʵ̫ˣҲ
ԭ֮У¸һ㡣

裬λ̽ףֻڣһҾͻޣҲ֪һȥֻǶꡣͩ˵գóһöָڵһԴǽĲΣԴҲչ
ۣͨõһƣĲ϶ѻɽű࣬Ȼֻһ׵ױˣױѾ½ıˡ
Դȷʵҵķչ̤һĸٽ׶ΡвԴǮҲ򲻵ȫġ
Ҳһͩ鱦֮ǰһƷ߱ͷߡ
վʯǶǧ򣬼Ʒʯ
⣬澵Ϊռ佻׾˾ͨ棬ӵд˾ĸ֮˽Կͨﵽ׵Ŀġͩһ£һ
ͨԾ˱ͩһһ㶵ģֱľˣͩóʲôٸеˡ
ţˣͩҼǵ㻹ǿҵĴϱȵүǰѼ巢չ̸òˣŲ
ǽɡͩеʱſڵǶŮ
ǡŮЩִٵӦ
ǹ磬Ƕ˸Ҳмˣҵͩܵ
벻Ҷӵ۹ôáŶŮһҳȥˡ

һӵõôԴ̴νǲѷһЩ˰İ塣ȻָԴ洢ϣӰȵȷ棬һһ·Ҫء
˰ĸӵܶˡ
ҼˣһͶǵ⣬¶ֵġԺ͹ͬ
ͩжʮˣоͶʮˡǾǺֱġ
ңԾ֮¾ʮڷֹܼ档
ֱӥһһֵܶˣҶһ֮Χ˹ȥʵ磬ʲô°ǲϰʲôҪԸүǱ߳ˣ
ޣ²˵ʲôأүүô£һһԴ
ǰɣǼˡϴص˵
ж󣿡ӥִ֮мֲмʵ

ǸδĴ󲮣ûӣڻش
ʲô󲮣
һֵܾˣҪ֪֮н죬ǸжǿҲүүж㣬ΪڳΪӶĸ߲ʿΪŵϺŵţܹǿڡ
һֵУλصĴǵż׷Ŀ꣬ͬʱҲҵ֧
ԽãҵĸͻԽȹ̡
ڵֻһ壬Ҳܹλӣܹһ档
ʾ޴棬κһһ嶼۲
Ϊд󲮵Ĵڣ۲Ҳ죬ΪҲΪ󲮵Ĺϵƴֺң
ģǴ󲮻ˣһֵʵ
ûҸҿ϶϶ػش
̫ˣ󲮻ˣӱҰ廹ôˣ᣿ӥЦ˵

ⱱҰѾʮʷӴ塣
һֱҰ𿤵֮ռ𿤲С档ΪҵԼҵĲ֧֣ҳΪͳˣҰҲ֮ǰʮĴ壬ȻҸҶŸɡ⼸ҵķչȻܿ죬ĳЩһֱܵҰҵĸźԵĴѹ
һֱţ
֧ͩˣҵУͩ󲮾ͺһ㡣
ڴʱͨһ˳ˡ
ݼүүүүһӵվ
ǶΪǵĴ󲮡үүҵĴˡŴҲ֪н춼벻𡣡Ծܵ
ݼ󲮡үүҵĴޱȵغ
˵ʵڻҲ벻һӾ˼ݡҺܸܹܹ֮˷ʢһ졣ҲţһԽԽʢͩЦ˵
μ棬ģô˵ҲøСͩһ֣óϰٸָÿһ˶һ££ѵûһˣҪұ֤û˻ûա
˺֮£ӹָһ棬ޱȣеĴгеֱиı﷽ʽ
ָ֮֮еĶһЩǿߵҲƲˡ
үү꣡ǸСһӵܷŵÿһЩֱӴг
ҵһöȶԾ߹ţÿ˸ΪĶ١


262  ɨ뷢ŭ
£ӵܹÿɾ൱׾ˡܹμӼģǴﵽؼϵľӢЩҪٵʵ˱Ҫ⣬ٲ˵ġ
ֻһ壬ǳһ棬棬߳Ҫóջ𿤵ĳ𿤵Ļ˽ʣµ֮Уֻܹչ壬ʣһҪΪ̣Աһ
͵˼֮еĵӺѱ֤㹻Դ衣
ҲѧʵģĪӶŵĹֻҪĸ᳤һ󾳽磬ôͿԴѴ˵Ϊֱһ۷塣
޶ȵؽʡǻ۷Ḷ́ǰоڷĲϣԼʵϡ
ͩÿ˵ʵ࣬Ҷѡ֮󣬿ڼʮҵٶȣͻõҩ׼ˣûĻ沿ʲԼᶨ֮˳ڼͻƵռ
ģͻƵռ⡣
ҲһʲСĲƸǶͩ˵ֻС˼ѣΪ˲ףͩҲû̫ҡ

ҪԴȥ𣿡Ծվ˵
ǣְ֣үүһСӦ
翪ʼˣһڼ˾һ̸˵غȾƣշǳǢ
磬㲻Ҫ̫ЩһЩС쵰ϸһ㣬ǻַġԾͩ˵
ˣֻһΣ˰ɣͩû⣬Դ㲻ʲôؽЩСҲδһ·
ԾȻ硣
ܹڵһģһЩһĳµĳԱڱ
͸ŵһԶһҵǰ˵İ˸ֵһ𣬻ཻŸԵռϢ̸һЩ񣬻طоµõĺö
ʱӥһȦʵţ׿ǳСأ٣ĸ磬ϵ㶼֪֪Ҫ֪ǿɶǲŸϻá¹ӿڵ
СҲǵģʱٵ϶Ҫѵˡĸ磬ǲСûһݣеϧߣͳЦʵ
ǺǣǼҴ󲮳־ǲһֱǡͻЦе˵Ǽʶˡ

ڴʱĴܼҼ˽Ծߣʾһ¡
ʲô£ԾԼҴȵøأܼһţһЩ
׿үˡܼС˵
ͩȻûȥҲ⻰
ʲôˣͩƽʵ
˵ɡԾûֹʵҲֹ
׿ү汻˴˸̧˻ܼҵͷ˵
ϸ˵˵ô£ͩϵıûб仯ֻ϶Ǻò˵ġ
һӻϴܣа룺ҵˣȻҲ˸Ҵ򣿼дҲԼѵ˸ѵˡ
׳ƵĻ̡
˵ͨҲע⵽ˣҲˡ
ܼ߿үҲˣϽһһʮ˳
ԭ˱䣬̧˻׿ǱҰӵܡ
ްɣͩʵ
ƲᣬѾȡüõҩүˣȬˡܼػش
ǱҰ˸ɵģԾ˸ŭ𣬵Ǳš
ⱱҰʲôͷͩʵ
֪ⱱҰ𿤵ĵͷߣһңųʮ̣𿤺ձӰ⼸ͻȻѾǵˣЩҰһֱһᰵдѹǡС֮д䶼ǳеġԾڽ͵

ʱѾҶ򰵵عעŵһҶʿǱߵ̸˶ˡ
еģͩüëһܼҷԸȥϵҰļǵ̫ϳϣ˵Ҹһʱʱ䣬ҪǲǸԶҲҪˡ
ʱɡͩطԸ
ܣҵļ˵ô˽ᣬҪЩʲôŰأͩԾʵ
ȻȻһˡԾ治֪ôشΪҲͩƢ
ǺãǾҪҰ𿤣е̾ˡͩǿޱȵ˵
ڳ˶ɵˡ
磬Ұ϶Ըġ
漴ﶼоһüĸоͩһǿƵ磬ҵһСݷ
Щұ⣬ȴҰѹҪлҳҰ˵ʹˡ
ҵˣ˭ﶼޱȱһؿڣ뷢Ҳȥͩһ˵˵Ŀˡ

磬Ҫ󣬿ǲͬġԾ˵
ɨҵˣ⳥ѾܺˣͬҲͬ⡣ͩ˵ʵϣͩǿƣֻΪҰЩ̫ˣһڽɨˣ鷳
Ǹϲӣͩ󶯸ɸ꣬ͩƢû㣬㷴ǵҵĻǾǸϾɱǿӲ硣
ͩǿҲͨ򸾺Ծ֮⡣
ʵҲûа취ͩǿôε¼ȥ˻Ϊͩ۸ôһɾ۸㣿
ԣڽɼ
еʱ㲻ǿҲǿơοͩһǿƵˡ
ĴӵͩĿ֮󣬶ɵһݡ
ǿ߷緶
ܼȥϢˡ
Ϣܿʹ˱Ұ塣
֮䣬رڹҷΧ֮ڵĸһཻϢƽ̨ڡ
˵ƽ̨ʵϾϵ绰֮ġ
ҪҪϢԷֻҪַͨʽܹݸԷˡеͷţֻͷûһһʾ

Ҵү壬̫ͬϳһʱڸϵǸʱԸ
鱨ŵĳλԱյҴϢ֮󣬲סˡţ˲ҵһһϱ
Ϣڶ̶̰㲻͵ƹű鱨ŵĴС
ûд鱨һ൱ҪĲţʲôʱڣ鱨ŶһȨС
ҵ鱨ҵһƹܡ
ҵĵϱҹʥ߼Ϊ
ϢʱŭİʲôȻҴϢɣһѣŻڳĿˣŲһ
Ϣִµһ١
֮󣬱ҹѹͷŭ𣬴ϢҡԾұۣҹһ̲мжţ֣Դȥҡ
סˣΪлڱûʵԡ

ܿ죬Ҿ͵õ˱Ļš
ϢҸ߲ʱҲһ֮סˡ
ͩŭЦˣԼʴȾȻ˵ʵͩе
ãȥۣȥǲȥأͩȻЦʵ
ȥôܲȥӥе
ӵҲ׷׸ͣʾһҪȥ
Ҳգ磬ʹСȥ۽ɣҺ͸򡣡ԾûֹһΪ岻𿤾ͻһֱǣƴѹܵɲСΪͩʵǿ𣿴ıھһλ񣬲ö֣һŶ塣
ȥءͨҲûֹΪҲ˲٣еʱɲ㲻ĺʵ˷
漴ͩŽλҺӵһ뿪ҡ
Խޱվͩһ߳һ֣ʮλͻȻܱһ𳯱
𿤵Ŀǣǵıǡġ
Ϊǰǵĵشǳסĵطǵĳһɳͥﳯͥ𿤶ңȻҲҵˡ

ԽҲ̽һ£ⱱ֮жٸ֣ͩʵ
ǡԽʶһ޴ڮɨȥ
ռҪϰٱֹмʮסСͺһ֮һ㣬ʮķչûһǧҲа˰ϵ֧ϵֺܸܿӴ
ֻǱӴȥ˼飬ʵ൱ģһҲѣ˼ǧˡ⻹ûȫԭҪȫֻҪ
һ
һʮʥϰգؼռԽش
ҵ˶һȻԱһ¼ŷԭôĵС
ҵһھӢǶԷ˼ЩΪԾ֮䣬ĵ¶˼ѹҪΪļ壬Խǻкܳһ·ҪߣľλȻ⣬ûӦʵܣλԵ൱շͲһ

ҵĸڮǹչڮĲеĲҲȥҲʽ棬ʮţ൱֮
ӴȣǹɰͩЦݵصЦʵͩ綼ȥˣڮʲôȴܵñȵǸߴΰ
󲮣ô죿ʵ
ˣھٵˡͩش˵һУģͣ˸š
𣡡ͩһ
ɿնֱȥˡ
ǣͩһȡ
СıһӵĿɿڴ֮£ͻȻһߴɵľ͸һ߹Ϣ
ͣسֱ߳ڡ
ʲôˣһ
ڱͬʱҵĸҲӦ˹ռϵĸֲɷ˵ڿնʥ򼶵ǿ߸ɨ˹׵ر㷢ͩһˡ
Ϊͩһ˹û٣һٶ˻һôԵ÷ǳ


263  
򣡡ͩһ
ڿеıǷ׷׺½һµص
ڴʱһӰǿסΣһߴĿͶ漴һϵ˹λ˹ٺ᣿±ڤұе֮
һʱʱ䵽ˣûдڵıҪˡͩ˵
ͩһȣӴķ߷֮£ڻζ·ʮһ㡣
λˣҿе֮Ԫϣɱ¾ҵȣ¶ԸҲаɣڤ񼶵ķȻһǿ󵽼ѹţܹѹסͷǸĿ£Լʩչⱦ˵ǿ
ֻܰͥϣܹʩѹ
ǻᡣȻԼգǾûбҪڴ˷ϻͩػشͬ߶ûͣ¡
˿̱ػѾʼζӿʼѣ·һСڻ
ʲôʱ䵽ˣʲôᣬ¾ʲô˼ڤżشеεش߶ɾ޷ǿµ֮ͲǷǿռ䷨

ڴʱһִ´е棬ҵˣˡλִϳˣʵϣͬһǣҵͷ̧ͷнܺñϣټҵ˲ûпݺ͸ıò֮ġ
ҵˣ鷳ʲôչ֮ǰǽˣҵ˶𣿲׼ǣô£ڤŭʵ
ҹͩ˵һʱʱ䵽ʱ򣬾ѾӦ˹ʱųһ亹һãʱ淢ŭˣҲ
棬һʱǰҴѶϢҪǼͬ˼һԸҹͷ亹ػش
ΪʲôҲ֪μʵȷʵ֪ʵϾʱ֪ˣҲзӦ
ţĿѽһ˱ҹ
ҵĴѶôţǰ󲻴ҵʱΪһСС壬ȻǰȥֱǴ󲻾֮ԣҾûǡҹͣð
ô£ڤɲǵңǷǳл֧֣һһţպɳȻΪ񼶵Ĵɵﲻ

Ȩ߶˵ˡ
ڤһǵıǿ϶ûָʾܿڰѹҡ
ȺôȺǡڤö֪˵ʲôˡ
ˣϷˣȻˣҪеѾûдڵıҪˡͩһ
ѾϵСͬʱҲڲͣ󱱳˱֮С
ͩһУջ˱
߰ɣǻȥˡֵͩ
ҵһСĿɿڴȫˣô죬ôףǿһһʮʥϰλյƼ尡
Ȼڶ̶̰㲻ͱ׽ˣ
һƼܲʮ˾ʧˣ
⣬ⲻΰɣ磡ӥ૽е
ģҪңҲ֪ҡҡͷԼҲһεĸо
ػˣһߣһߣֱӰ˶ѡ
Ȼ˹Ⱥһ뿪ˣ·ϻһֲʵĸоһֱĴǰŽؽʵ

ԭǿҪı徹Ȼһգ֮ͱĨˣԭǿ߿ǿ̶ֳȣ̸Цֻҷ
ҲҵһںһĸоԭһֱǶ졣
ʶԼĲ֮󣬲ܸԼʶĲ֮󣬲ʶԼС
˿ҵϯѾɢˣԾͨڴ֮УȴϢ
ʱܼҴҴ˽㱨ү̫үϢϢүǻˡ
ô죿𣿡ͨʵ
ûУѾſڣѾˡܼһش
λܼҵϼֱһ֮󣬱ĸҲ˵Ĺܼңװ֮͵˹ܼңһֱڣҲһٶˡ
±þҲûпΪһֱڳҪ˶þܹؾżͻռ
ϼһֱһΪūΪ͵ˣ˵ΪĵģԹؼΪܿó
ߣǳȥǡͨվһ˳ȥ
õģסԾҲں档

˸߳ãͿͩһ˻ˡ
ôӣͨʵ
Ѿˣ֣ľˡͩ¶Цݣڻش
ԾʵԼĴӣ
ף󲮺һ֣㲻ͻᱻĨ̫ǿˡѾ군ˣ𿤽ҵˡޱȵؽе
̵ģһ̫̼ˣӥޱȵؽемԸȽϻõҲһԸ͡
ȻĽˣͨҲЩ벻һǿİ尡
ܣ㻹ǷԸȥ׼ô±Ĵ󵰸ɡͩѵ
ѽ԰Ծһ֣Ӧ˹ڱĺѾ군ˣȻǿ󣬿˽Ϳȴ൱ǿ
ҵ֮䣬ռͳ壬֧֣˼ʥ򼶵Ŀ䡣
ڳ־̱ʣ練ƣ
ǣҵȥԾһ֣ʹһҵϵӢ뿪ˡ

ͨοһͩ򿪿˵㳤ˣעⱣԼҪ̫ƴˡ˵꣬뿪ˡ
ԭͶദһ漴뵽ͩһսӦҪϢҲ͸ˡ֮ǰԸͩúϢ³һټҳˡ
ӵİǶɢפˣԽҲûȫָͨ鱦ͨ鱦ʵ̫ǿˣ˼ľͩһʥż۷ʿȻܹ߷һǿͨ鱦
Խ֪ͩͨ鱦ƶɵģһܹƵͨ鱦ʦΪʦͩʦֻˡ
̬ľǣͩ츳ͬ츳ǿ
ͩؼˣȻ׼һŵԺӣͩ͹ֶŮס档
ͩһԼķʹϢˡ
һδ߷ͩܵǿԼ߶ĴۡͩķˣԴ֮д洢ķҲ˰˳ɡ
ֻͩ߷һɵѣճ˵ͨ鱦ּıʥܴ߶ģҲҪʹҲҪӵȫҲ۷

ָͩķ˫ޣ
һ޲࡭
ұ¸סһ壬ֻʣһӣµǶһҲûС
ǣҵһܹڽǳԵؿȫòǸԶһЩȴûע⵽
ߴɵľ޴˵Ծǵİգʵϣȴǡǡ෴
ǿռ䷨ı֮һ
ս˿Կһ뿪һξ֮󣬾ʲôҲˣΪֵķΧʵϱݵطָһռ棬Ȼʲô
ǿǣвҵĿڴˣԱ嶼Ĩƽ˵Ϣ·һ㣬ش
𿤱ص֪ˣ⿤ǿҲͬ⡣
𿤵ı뵽ǹϷֱزҵ׼֮ʱȴ֣˱Ǹ졣
ľȻңԼнĴС塣
Զʳɻģͳ֮ҲͬҪעŽһνһһ𿤳ŲǷҵͳΡ

ȻͥĶĿΪڳ֮ϣ뱱оɻ׵ļ嶼׷ϸ泯ͥҪ
ȷʵ൱ͷʹ岢СĪؾͱ˸ˣȷʵҲ̼񾭡
ΪԷܹϢ˱壬ܹͬķʽǡ
Ϊ˴飬Խ٣ѯʻʼ鱨ֵĵȣڲ
µĵ൱˳Ҳ൱Ѹ٣һìͷָҡ
󣬻ǵûڳ֮ϴ£˽鱨־ֳеԸǰ
ˣ
ϣΪʼ鱨־ֳش
˵أıûκεĲ
ЩҶ𿤵ͳΣȴһֱڴѹңдΪɣ˴ˡǰһλˣ²²Ӧһλ֡ʼ鱨־ֳشλֳҲǻˣҵλͣȻһλĵλΡ
һλĻˣϢһϲ
ǵģӸҿ϶

ţȥɡ˵
ڶ죬֮ϡ
ݼϣ֮һڹԱͬʱҲǸĴ
ţǰ屻һ£Ѿ֪ϵȡԹˡ˵
ٹ٣һ󾪺š
ϣɷ֪飬ƽµ֮ǣһλʥΪĹԱվ˳ʵ
ҲգҲУǱϣһΡûʲô
ݶϣﷸ죬Ѿ֪µһһۡ
屻ǻãѾˣһһһٵǿͳַһССı徹ȻΥ·ϣⲻʲô
Ҳ֣ҪǴĶҲǡ
ܵ
ǱҲÿͿأڸǵʹذͽҡѾ̫ˣȻϸ£˸áһڻУһֻ϶ѣȵͩ


264  
ʦְҵ˰ͽᣬΪʦĲҲޣÿһλʦΧһʦγһĹϵһ޴һҪȥǸ롣
Ϊʦľ޴ʹһ϶û鱦ʹãҪõ鱦֮⣬ֻھӾϵԼȺ֮вõ֡
ͩžȻһʦڷ½ʲôܣϾᣬҲȥμˡ
Ȼһ鱦ҲûĵԼƣͩѡΪ֮ʱ͵õϲһЩͬʱҲǿƵطֲңһΪطңһֳͶʡ
Щ꣬ǻڱܰռ𿤣嶼˱ܷâ
Ծ棬嶼ֻڰѹңҲ֡
˵Ǳû̫ϵȷʵû˼ҡǼܲסǲ֮ͩһѾͰǸˡ

һºܿƽϢҲǰĳ˵òˣʣһЩҲΪˡ
£ָֻƽҲ˲٣ٻڲһЩƼ嶼ҡ
ͩ¹൱д⣬Ÿ׳ѵСһǣһ˾һĸ³ǰһһڼҳˣͩпáǴԾһΪ彨ͳϵպԽԽϵ֧ϵҲԽԽ࣬罨Ƶϵֻüķչͣ͡Ǹһֱϵ˽֮ⷨ
ȻͩḻҵĲؾĲᲢۡ
ͩ÷ǳʱҲһ鱦׼ɽ֮á
ͩҵֱϵˣΪ൱죬Ծͩİ£ɹռ
ٶռٶҲ൱ˡ
ĸȴǲЩۣͩҲûа취ԹϽԪ೤
ĸЩ൱ģһԲá

Դӱ屻֮ǰݷõҲԽԽ࣬Щڸת
¹ȥˣŽƽϢÿȻвݷáڽȣûһݣǸܵġ
һ죬һɫˣ˫֣ߵǰ˴š
һżҶ˴ţʵλкιɣ
Ҹүͩ¡Цݵ˵
Ҷһ֣һݷõǶȻүСҼҴүһͣɷԴƬ̣СȥʾһͷλҶǼΪ飬ܹүˣȻͨɲ˿
Ȼԣȥɡ˵ͷЦ
żҶǿϱܼңܼҵĸҪߵö࣬ʶ˲֮󣬲ҵ飬ѸϱԾ
Ծ֮һ˵ȥ֪ͨүȥ̽̽ߵݡ
ˣܣȥɣҪ̫ҡˡͩʱҲ̤˴
үܼҼ
ǣ硣ԾӦȻִܼһȥˡ

ͩԭںԺͬѵһСһÿĵʱԽ֪ͩһλˡ
͹ŮЩӶһŮһҲ֪Щʲô춼еġ
ͩϸһʣ߲Ǳˣǻˡ
˼ҵĵ̣⼸ܶԷգͩҲҪӣԴӺԺǰӴ
ԾûߵţԶԶؾͿɫ۲ӵˣоһϤڴʱתͷ
Ծ۾һɣԺ˸һϢ⣬ⲻǻĹ𣿵ԾξλʱԵһ棬ұʹ͡
ԾҪ񣬶ʱͩĽӭȥ˼ŵļҶ˵ϣôˣܣ롭
⣬ǰΪֶҪΪͩģ׵ģʲô
룬óһ𡣡Ծһˣֲͩˣԭǹ٣һġԾɵöͩݵλӸ߿ˡ

ʱĴֻʣֵܡԽԼˡ
ڷ֮ȥ
ͩ£ĳġԽһۣȻ᲻֪ǰλҪǿһͩڡһʼͰѵλŵúܵͣ˿ûоᶪӡ
һ֮֮ƺ߸ϣʵ𲻹ϲѡĵطٶѡޱߵĵ˵ֻ֮൱̶֥С١
γԣͩЦһʵ
ڻĳĹϽ֮£Ȼ˱ϵķ֮ͽõ¼ַǻĳʧְ֮վһ
ıԾڰһ⻹Ǹ߸ϣܰٹٳݵһ֮
ˡĳé®΢ᣬܹ˴񡣡ͩ΢΢ûܴһ
ͩһΪͩǹģϲɵ¶ɫ
⣬岻СЩС£ĳϡͩ˵ػеġ
ĳٶ꣬˵Щһжöлգ飬ĳˡͩ˵ҹһл

°һЦݵذֵҹھȻ˵㾪ĳţǲ֮ң֮ĳҲ˵֮õ治ټν˵յ¼壬һ㻹ˣõ˴񡣡
ԹС£ĳԣȴһС¡ĳһԹȴĳӶĳк£ͩ˰˵
Խʱվӻȡһ̴ľУŵ˻ǰĲϣԭλ
г𣬱˵壬ĳͽĨȥˡжĳһϲǷ顣һ£պĳڼʱաͩ˵
ӣشһ̶ۣϲɫϵЦҲ˰ٱ
־£ĳһĶֵأȻΪܵõûк֮ǡ̬Ȳɵֹ˲١
鱦鱦벻ֱ֮ͩʸǲͶʵֵ̫ˣҪԼػ۹ֵȥĻ֪Ҫꡣ

˲ʱ֪Ȥˡ˼ҷżٻؼңһžۣһݷһ¿ԣҪƤزˣǾͲһ¶ˡ
ջѾ൱޴ˣҲ벻ͩضҳִԭֳͶҪάָһЧȻ㽻飬ԲϺؽְͩæһ鱦
ڿѣջ֮ᡣȻҲɵӣʲô񼶱Уʱġͩ˷ΪԤ꣬ȻҪͶұ
ţҾԲܳ£پԲĵͷ¡պҪúǣҪרſ
ڻУһӵİΣǱԼҶӸҪ
ڻ֮Ծͩʵ磬͵Ǻ֮װʲô
鱦߾ƷһƷͣƷߣھƷ֮Ͼ鱦ڰ˵鱦ǿʵսͩڽ͵
ƷˣԾһ˵Ҫ֪ǰңֻƷߣٸߵߣҲòˡҵı֮УһƷߣǻ͡
ƷѣԼƵģֻƷһЩɱѣ㲻ʲôͩش
Ծ˲̾漴ͩĳ֮ˣԼ統ޱȡ

ڷ½ϵ鱨ϵͳ൱أ½һӴ߰˰ˣĿĲֻһ
鴦ϴΪ⡣
ޱߣ཮֮һ֪ʯȺһŲ۵ֱＸǧʯڲͿһ롣
鴦һݵ㡣
ģ鴦һӣ˵Ǵӣʵרһš
žǸʲôԵģ½鱨Ȼֱ̱ˣ㱨⴦ݵĴӳأӥе
أӥˣһʵ½ķӦ̫ˣƺǸˣʧʮ֣˶档һȥǺ֧㱨
ˣҲҪͣҪ֪µǰأӥ
ǣڷ½鱨Ѿȫ̱
֪ѯȺ𣿳ڤأڲļܻڰɣأӥǾͲܶ𣿵Ǻ壬ǣ

Ϊ塢ڤ֮ѣȻˣӪϣȴͬһӪģ鱨ڤ鱨Ŷ൱ϵת鴦
֮УŴ󳬼֮䣬Ӫ֣֮ʵϣ嶼Ƕģ˶ûС
˵ĶԾŴ󳬼ΪףۼһӹԼõǿɵӴˡ
ʽǵ֮У൱һԱʽСȺ໥ˣǿȺССˣ֮УҲľŸ˾ǾŴ󳬼ȺΪ׵ˡ
ΪͬӪĳ֮䣬Ҳвֻɼ̽鱨ʹֲɱΪǡ
֮Уļ塢ڤЩжȻҲ٣Ѻ壬ͬҲڣҾԲ壬󳬼Ⱥ϶Ҳ⡣
ָ֮İϣǲӪİףʧأҲűϵùǾԲǫ̃˵µġ


265  سϮ
ʱһξ͹ȥˣͩҲ뿪ʱ
Խǻ磬ôȥͩʵ紩ͩò
һˣҿͨҵֱӴϣص硣£Ҫȥ磬ͱͨλ洫ſԡλ洫󣬶ǽռݵǧԭʼϵĴ½ϡԽʵشʲôܡ
ͩ˵ͷ֪½ռǧ꣬ڿ֮е´½ڷԭʼϵĴ½ʷ½֪򱶡
Щ½Ĵ½½չ֮µĲΪȦṩ㹻ս㹻Դ˿ڡ˿Խ࣬Խ󣬵ŵǿߵļʾԽ
ţζδǿߣǧ֮һͻƳΪǾ֮ҡٴ֮УһʣǸٺòˡ
ÿһλʶĶҲζŴ˲ĸ߲С

ͩһθ˸ĸ뿪˼磬֮ãһȥ֪ҪòܻԶҲزˡ
½ĵ۶ͩԽԼʮһӴ˳
ɴ׼𣿡ͩԽʵ
Ѿ׼ˣʱԵǴԽش
̫˷룬Сʦȥ𣿡Խתʵ
治ϲӦ꣬ûа취ȥưɡͩҡҡͷ̫̾ͩҲһʱӶ᳤ô᲻֪أ½Ӷܸˣ½ӶᡣλȨأһλʵҲ൱ǿ
ͩӶѡγţҵڣЩӦ겻ò룬ؿԼպɳ֮ڹҲãҪǲܸһְӡ
ϣͩԽȥμ̫ľƻᣬǵһμ̫ˣؾռ֮УԶԶؼһΡ
̫̬ͩ൱õЩݣ˲ٹҪԱԼ۶ļҪͩʶ
쳯Ҫ壬ɲ۹Ĺ塣ЩҪûһ

֮ͩص˾ƵϢʱ̵ͩ˽⵽ʦݵԡ
ͩʱ쳯һڹ̫ڣ˭ûᡰ¡ǵʦݱ֮Ҫͽͩڵֻͩͨ鱦ˮƽ̫вʲôΪȱͨ鱦
Ժͩɳ֮أ
̫ԲΪ鱦ɱأһͨɱΪ֮ˡ
ڶһ磬ͩͳһʽĸɴ뿪˷½
ͩվڷɴĴڣԽԽСĴ½ӿδ
ͩ£볬ռУעİȫɴĴڹ㲥֮гѵ
ռУǳٷУɴڼٵ֮ڳԽһ˲䣬ǿĶܣȻʧɴǱµˣȴҵҡΣһעͻࡣ
ƯǿվɫʧˣɵޱȵɫԼһЩɫϵɫ
ͩתӣصԼķ֮ϢشУһεֵûʱ䡣

Ȼռ֮Уͩס¥Ȫ֮У߸ò绨Ů棬໥ʲô
㣬ı˺öడǰ͹ֱ̣̫һú͹缸һģӿ̳ŮӸ̾
ǺǣҼүĹͣôСӣͨ˰ɣЦڹ˫һ˵
ãҪе֮ЦӶࡣ
÷ĸѾͷһ̺ţһɵЦݡ
ѾˣΪ˴ؼʿЧ֮£Ϊ൱Ѹ٣ΪԽԪҲԽԽ棬񼶹ͩ౦֮еõһЩһȵԪֹûԣٶȲҲƽͣиˣȻߵĸ츳츳ڴ˱һַֹֻҪ㹻ԴӦԣ൱ɵģҪˡǸ޵Ȼǡ޼нҲΪͩ檣Ϊͩṩ˫޸
ͬģҲһǳõ˫޶¯
̽˹྿֮һŮȰ˵ǵС
رǹ磬տʼʱ򣬻һЩִǺ֮ͨȴ൱̬ͩսӢˣҲͬǿŮġ

ȻһжͩڽеģҲ֪ͩǼɫ֮ˣҲһƵסԼˡ
ȴһѴɡһ㣬ΪҳһƬ죬ԴҳΪ׵ʽϱ֮󣬾͸ӾĵͶݣΪͩޣҪͩ󹬣Ϊͩһм񣬲ͩڻؼ֮ӵ˼õܡ
ֻǿϧ÷񡢾ĸѾͷȻǳ£ȴǰ˶֮˫޸ͩûô
ʱ䣬ͩûлķϣڻ״̬׼һٳڵƿƿҲǳ֮ǰһƿ
ڲã޼ʵ֮УΣա
һﵽռ֮󣬲бռ֮棬Ҫ֮ɴУռ
ڵռ֮УͻȻݹ⣬ݹ֮ǰûκεı󣬷·޺ڰĿռ֮Уһ㡣
ݹͣȥҰģò죬ĸߴ󡣸ߴʮϣֻ֮УȻԵ൱С
ʵϣǵȷǴӿռ֮дġ
ǳռѣٶȳԽ٣ȷʵǲ˼飬˵ֲ˼һֳʶ

壬ᾧǿԽٲǲܵġ
֣һȸ壬һ壬һ塣
ôôùԹ
ˣ˭зأһȺᲹǵģһǵǸɵǸͩһʧһδñ½ܾݵ㱻֮𡣡Ƿǳǣȷǵû
ȸ壬֮еһС֧ϡ٣Ȳý֧ӴȺλȴ޼Ϊ֧֣ؼǶλѰ٣壬ɱˡ
ֻҪ֪ͩ˵ض·ߣɴǷɳڳռ֮УȸҲ;ػݻĿꡣ
ν֣һ־еĻֻֻܻΪȼһ󾳽ͬһʶʵʶ൱ǿͷȳȥ
һ־ʶǿռķνĶᡣַ൱ϵġ
һ־츳֮Увӵзǿ塣
ϸ˵һַǾɷķַԶܹ֮ǿ츳칦

ܿɵˡ
ǲӵΥɵĹ֣ӵзıȻϵļû⡣
У
֣֮еǧ򻯣ֱ仯ɵ֮ҲڡеΣеԿˮȵȡֲ˼츳ܹɷ츳ǿ츳мޣǹȴûС
ҵˣʮӣǲŻᾭ鱨Ȼ൱׼ȷȸ񿪿˵
ϻ֮һֿµıγԼ棬ǿļ鱨ռ֪ٱش
ˣ׼ɣȡһУȻϽ룬ܹܵĻãܵһҪϽԱĸˣǾзҲܱǾˡ侲ֹ
ʮӵʱһͬʱٵ٣볬ռ䣬Ҽ۵ɴһ
ǿ׼ȷػ˷ɴ

ڹзɴ֮ʱͩϵİԶſһλ֣ǰѷɴըĿѸŷɴĻͩΪֹ״ֻ̬صռ䡣
ڴͬʱԽҲȻֻͬĶʮλ֮еһԼɴϵĲԱûѡ
ȫԼʮˣֻʣʮ˻
ҲΪĹ󣬶ɫ󰵵˲٣
ͩȻѸ侲ڻ£ҺԼûаһڼҾųҺùԼŵرСͷɴɴϵĴղ࣬
Ҫ֪ʮλڣһֻʮˣҸˡ
¸¸¡벻ǾȻͩɡλڲԶָͩ˵
ϣɱͩ㶨ˡԥسȥ
ƴ£Խ漴ͩϽܣҵһ£Ƕ񣬿ߣ㲻ǵĶ֡
ͩҲףܹԸģڲܣøϽ·ֻΪ׸

ǰ֣ܹͩӦǵͼλͩҲܹǿӦһУǾˡ
ʮǷǳǿķͩķ̫ͣӲǿܡ
ȼգʮԥȼǿ꣬ȡǿ
ȼյطһƴطȼطֹֻͣҪûȼܿԻָ
µʹȼյطǾͲֹͣˣΪֹͣˣҲͬһ
ȺİڣȥۣҪԴ˵Ⱦ֮ʱǻԥȼ꣬ȡʱԵֵȻ³
һ̣аûгɣΪǱδϣǿӡ
ڶǿ֮Ǳ΢ĴڣһСһ̣ȴǰδеΰ
ϣʮÿһЦݣ֮ж˸żᶨĹâһǿ顣


266  Ǳ
ܣûôףЩȻЩʱӵһЩֿȴͽλ񶼱ȲϣУ
򣡡һӴӿ˲סԲӴ֮ΪԲģһ޴״
ͩʱܵһǿѹҲֵľ޴Χʱһ򶥶ְﷶΧȻ˿µĳ̶ȡ
Ͳһεģ̫ˡ
ͩеظܵ޷
ڴʱԽϵſΪͩס˶ԷƬ̣Сʦ壬Щܵ˵ùǣ˵ʵ֮£һҲɱҡһʱ䣬ȺֺܿͻԮˡ
ܹͩˣٵ飬˲˽ȥ
˱Ŀ֮У˴Ƕ֮еʮǧٶǳ֮ӴȻͩԥȼ񾧣ڶԷ֮Уһռѷ죬һ룬Ȼѷָʧˡ
ˣѾ뿪ˣǸ۵ʱ򡣵ǣɵһ˵ԽһҺͩ鱦µĹռ鱦鱦ǿ˵ܹʩչֻʩչĿռ˲ƶ

ʮ׼ȸ񣬳ȥΧס˶ԷöԷл׷ͩԽĻ֮Ȼʱ޺֮ǡ
ֵǣԵټһƽ˵˵ձ㲻Ҫֱ嵽ȸĵϡ
壬˺⣬һץס˶Էһۡ
ɶȺӣϾ͵һݣһȣ˲䱻ǿ˺ʮ飬ҵ䡣
ʣµľλ񣬶ԴûκηӦôʱληرסȸ񣬷ֱطסԷţбס˶Էж
ȻʣҲΧţʱԷסˡ
Ľֻܽһʱѡ
Ϊκεñ𣿹ȸһҲ⣬Ц
𣿡
ŸʱϵϢ͵ǿʮ
ǡ
δ䡣
һǿڵռ֮ţûκǿҵĹȴǴڵġ
ԱҲһԱ
һطµԱ˵Ϣ˲һȻͽȻʮը
ʱһԱһ۷Աһ򱶣Ÿʮ򱶣

һͽλһ۷һٱнλһ򱶣һ򱶡
ֿ֮£λڱըǿȸȫɿµը
ǿɢȥ֮󣬸ղŻ񣬴˿ѾǱޱȣ֫ȫϣըù룬Դֱӱըûһ롣
Ǿʮ֮£ԷȻš
ʱѾƵԽˣһսԳ˲һƿǿ󵶾ֱϮȸ
ã鱦ս㿪񣬾ȻͬһˣˣԷȻûȫһסˡ
Ѿˡ
ʱȸȻûҲѸ֮УӡѾʧ˳30ټ֫ѾɣﻹܹԽ֮£鱦սӳ֮µȫһأ
ǿĵ˲ĥ˶Է50ӡǣʧȥ90ӡǣҲ˯֮С
ûȫɢ˯ĻҲûУȫ߻٣ɡ
ɶ񣡡ŭؽе

ǲòŭΪûȸ츳Ǹ޷׷ѾӵͩǴеҲʧܡ
Ҫɱ㣡Ҫƴ
ȴס˵ǳ˰ɣǶ˵ʵκβƴҲɱ
λĳˡ
ԽȴӦһס˶˵·Խſѹס˵ٶȣҲ˹
ܣô׵£Խһ
ɶΪ㲻ɣɱߵܵﶼûá˵
⵹ʵ˴֮䶼񣬳˱¶꣬·֮⣬ǻûа취ܵΪ˦Խ׷Ľٶٿ죬ҲܶʱڴԽ彮ܵ彮ȥ
ԣֻƴɱˣ˶ֲпӵ
ãϣҲûа취ֻͬ飬һΧԽ
һХɽ֣
֮еĽһ壬ǿХ츳طйأ֮УҲܹ͸֮еǿܱµܡ
ײɽ
֮еһ壬Ƥſµͷ츳Ϊֿ֮ʹÿһʮǿʦǿ󲻿С

ηԽϵսǱ˻ġ
Ҫ˻ˣɣԽһֳһսףҲһ鱦
ȫһ鱦£׵ųɾŵʣµһ㹥κβԽǿ塣
ɶ鱦Ƿ鱦ʲôʱԣ̶ˣ˶һӡ˲ʧ3⻹ΪзԼǿķ
Ҳһӡʧ5ȻȲ
ã̫ӲѾˣӣǺƴ˰ɣʧҲҪ汳ģͬ˵
ãƴƴ
λʧҲԸⱩ¶꣬Ϊһ¶бݻٵΣաһ٣ȻһҲʵ󽵣ӴԺûϽĿˡ
ʧˣǵȴǰȫģҲӰԺϽҷпָܻġ
˲䣬ȫҪԽ
ԽɲɵĿĲɱУʱ䡣
ĵ̣Ҫ˶þͻԮǰɲԸƴз鱦ҲԷԱʱ򼴱ˣʵҲ𣬸

Խʵȶ߸ʤһһֱȡζӲӲеʱ򲻵òӲҲ鱦˻ˣöࡣ
ʱԽò̾Сʦ͵鱦ףһҪսͬ񣬼ܹҲܲơడ
ɶһ̫ˣŲ֣ȥǵʵԽԽͣԽԽԮ¿쵽˰ɣֱֻɵӣ˷ʱͺûʲô
ӣȻҵĵ磬ֱ
ڴʱһϵ̺޾ܴӲ֪
⻰Խ¶ϲɫԮˣݵս߱ȻĴڡ
ãֿ쵽ˣܲˡɫһ䣬˵
˼ˣ˴ݾߣȻǲ޵Ҫܵǲܵˡ
̣мϵͳǰʱ·߻ȥǽ볬ռҲᱻ̽鵽١
ռ̽ڳ˵ʡ

ǲұ¶ܺߣҲܱ¶
Ǻƴˣе
˵գ㳯ԽҪ˹ȥһҲսͺ֮ǰȸһη
ʮ۷һƴشԱطһϣҲóԸοƴˡ
Խ˵غ㣬ҪԷĻᣬսһһĵϵطӳҪ
ͬҪԱԽ鱦ҲӲԡϾֻ鱦ɱ
ʱֵӰѾӰˡŶԷɳ볬ռ䣬ʵѾԶԶسļޡ
ģƴˣȥΣ֪ٵˣҲһڽӽԽϽĵطȻԱ
ȻλԱֻͨԱ֮ǰʮλȼ־˵طԱᲢۡ
ԱҲʮ
֮ǰŸȼּӾ˵طԱʵȵġʮ۷
ֻǿϧԽľʼάʮϣԶ뱬ըģ±ըನԽҲֻʣɣټ鱦׵赲Խϵ˺̫
ȫ֮ǰǸȸһҡ

Խڵʮ㣬鱦׻ӲͬԱҲ䡣ֻҪӲԵĻʵ󽵣ڿǺѻָġԣԽҲɵȥӲԡ
Ҳԥس嵽˾ԽĵطֱԱ
ԽͬԱನ߶ƴ˽ʱֻʧ8ңҪ˶þָܻʵ
Ȼǵһϵֳ֣ԶԶؾͿΣεҡҡͷɶһǱˡ
μԽ
Ӧڴˣͩأû°ɣɨһȦܣûзͩӰһʵ
ͩ£ɾͲʲôСˣȻ½޹أʵӰȴǼΪõġͩݣţҲһڵʦ˫ĵλˡ
˷ģлӵƴأͩѾһˣֻҲ֪ӵδ¸ұ֤ͩ±ضȻԽ˵һ˵һͨϵͩ
ĬһƺҲѯͩİȫ⡣
˺һȷͩİȫֻҲڵķλѡ
ֻҪͩû¾ͺãְڣ辡ҵͩصߣȫĻҲҪϱ治ǵĺˡһ˵ֻҪͩû¾ˡ
˵˷˲ڽʮλϷˣ̫֮࣬ҲУֻٶȲܺͷᲢۣǶ˼ͬʱӷ½ҲǷȵ


267  Ǽ;ư
һۼһһйһڴķߺ֮͸ɢȥˡ
ռ䣬ͳͩǰ
ͩСβ꣬δɱһλΪλ񡣡Ц˵
ʦͱȡЦͽˣҲǹùģӳˣ·ˡͩ˵
Сӣѵûмͼ𣿻УûиԼ׼ʮɴôʵ
ûСͩҡҡͷһգΪûжǼ֮кľ顣
֣֮УΣմǣʥ۷ΪܹвΣղࡣֻҪСڶͺ߾ˡȻûмͼǾֻѡһˡעʡҪǿվ޵ϮʼͩʱΡ
ǿվޣһܹ֮深ܵǿǱ鲼ռ䣬һ˵ǿ塣
ǻۣǻ֮һÿһֻǿվ޴ӳʼͿʼУһֱ񼶱֮󣬷磬عȺ
ǿվҲǶǿ壬սʵԶͬȺʵҲھŴ󳬼֮ʵǰǿ壬Ӫ

ʵﵽʥ򼶱֮ûɴҲֻܹ֮ҪעһЩȫȥ֮ϴ裬ȥǹ۹Ҳ¡
ԣͩİȫǲģֻҪûǿܹͩҵǴ½
סЩҪ㣬Ҫˡøգݸװһ཮֮⣬Ҳܹ˶Ŀѵ
ʿֻ཮֮У˵жԵӪ֮⣬֮УҲвʿ㼣Ϊ֮һĵλߣһȺǡ
ǿ֮ÿһ߶ܹܻݡͺΪǿ񣬳ⶼõ˵һ
ֻҪͩùؽ塢ڤ塢жĽ֮Уܻҵ·
ͩȻûɴеͿΪɴá
ͩʱ볬ռ亽Уͨ鱦ٶȣԴﵽٱϡ
ȽɴҪһϡ

ãã֮Уһ۵Сǹٵٶ֮кš
֮УͩУűķУҿɨ蹦ܣһ뾶֮ڵΧԱͩǰʾ
ֹܱȽ״Ҳ̶á
ġͩ̾һľɫ˼֮ҲϰߣȻؾͲôˡ
֮кȷʵޱΣգʱԿһЩͩһĺǣȻȻӦϵܵ˾޴Ӱ죬ǿҵѸոմӳռ֮ԾͩҲȥҺԿռ䷨֮סӴ
ȻǱȥˣҲΣգǱһЩˡ
ԺͩҲҲ볬ռˣΪûкĻ볬ռףɾΣˣһãոմӳռԾǰһڶĻǾԩˡ
ûͼ£ǹѲһЩٲϡͿشһЩΣյش
ʱȥˣͩҵһռ䲨ҵĵط⴦ռ䲨ʮȶ溽֮Ȼͨ涴

涴֮УһһСϵĽڵ㡣
ͩٿ˳涴֮Уһ涴һֽ볬ռо
죬һͳڳ涴һˡ
ϣⲻһϵͩҡҡͷ̾
ϵϵ֮еĳ涴ÿһҪص㡣
Ȼֻеͼԣڸ߼ϵ˵涴벻ضûΪǶӳ涴԰ѱͶ͵ϵ֮ڵĿƼ;ʵ
һ£涴ûбأζ£һϵ̫߻ϵ߳ƶﲻһǴϵڸ߼ĵ̡
ǴȥˣͩʹҲҪķڷָ֮ͣ䣬ͩڵķһεõ˴һƿҲɶˡ
ͩһϽűһʯȺ֮ѡһʯͣ
Ȼռ֮УʼȡռеԪΪͻư׼
ͩȡ˰ռԪӴԪ͵سƿȥ
䡪
Ժ֮У·һը

ͩͷϣһУſռ֮еرԪ
ףʲôˣסȻռļŮҲע⵽ͻȻ䡣
ʶǿһ֮̽¾ͷͩ״
үͻơе
վ˳ŵؿڵˣҾʹҪȥ๫ͻơ
ȻռȻֲͩЧʣǣԪĿռͨԪȻռ䡣
ͩڲűԪ
ʱͩԪԪӤɳһֱɳ죬Ȼںϡ
壬壬ָľԪӤںϣӶʿİ֮塣
ԪӤںϵһɲǣԪ͵ؼıԴռڡһ磬ʥҪһٱٶҲҪһٱҲҪһٱ
һ磬뷨ռΪκηأһʮѸ١
һʿľ磬񣬶һҲޱȵϧǵľ粻ܵˡ
̤ϳϵһ磬ҲҪһ磬һ֮£κʿ÷Խ࣬۵ԽδܹԽߣʵԽ졣

Ԫ
ּͩ䣬óʮ񾧣˲˾ʯһӿ֮УõµԪӤںϸ졣
ڴʱ֮⣬Ҳ׼٣Ҳ֮С
ͩҪʽ֮ǰɺ壬Ȼٴɹ֮ͳɰ֮ꡣ
ɽ٣ͩ׼Ƶİʮ鱦Ѿϣʱʹá
ڣͩһҲٵ⡣
Ѿͩڰ֮ǰ̫ۺͻʱѶҲʹһЩҲ͸һ㡣
ռԪ̵ͩģʮ񾧡
ʮ񾧿ɲһСĿ⼸һнλȫˡ
ͩԪȻһصĿռ֮УڽеһɲǣͩоԼԷ򣬶صʶ˲Ρ
з£ռ䷨£ӿͩԺڼַͩʶ͸
ͩзԪӤĶ̶̰ʱڣһΡ
з֮Уľ֮ӳǿСɾ硣
Ĵ򣬹ʮ£ûи򵽵ļ£һ̴ﵽĲΣԭﵽε£СɣԭﵽСɲε£ɣԭﵽɾ£ԲԭԲ£û̫ı仯ֻյøԲ˼֡
ռ䷨Ҳţһֿռ±仯

ʵϣκʿʥ񣬾һ޴ķԾԪľ޴ԾҲεľ޴ԾͬʱҲʹ÷ղ
Щṳ̂뷨֮ŵʿͻƵ񼶱һɲǶ£ķ¾ʺǷչķ
һ룬һṳ̂뷨֮ŵʿֲܹεοڰ֮ǰ̤˷֮ŵžӢʿˡ
ǵ
ң֮ǰ۵ԽҲԽ
ܲңͩ۵ԽٻҲԽֲ
һ¹ȥˣ£һ൱ֲݡһ˶ɴ˽٣ҲĻ۾ͻή٣Ҳҡͩȴﵽ֮ãٻôûжµ
ͩ˺壬Թ

ͩ˫ۣһǰ˵Ҫ׼ɰ٣ǿ޷ڱ֮дţ˱һռ鱦ƶɣǴУɱ¡ͩóһ״ķ԰С
õģүһҪСġӦ
๫ģרӦ١ץס֣ͩһ˵
ţʹһŮռ鱦ͩռ鱦ڿ֮С
һζɽ٣ͩһʮ˵Ҳһԣͩұ֤һŮв£ɴټһ㱣á
֮ͩУݵջͷľ޴ѹ
ͩջ£һؼףջлԪɡһϵƣһľϵӡ
óŲ䷨õĵҩõĵҩ䷨ĵҩڿУõĵҩǼָ֮䣬һһš
ΪҪʹĶǷϿտա
ʱҲʲôˣֻóһ񾧣ʯϣ̤ͩ棬ʱ֮еԴﵽԷһ֮١

⻹ûнȻ˵޷󣬵û˵÷ͩľϵ鱦ֳ١
һ൱鱦ȥͺһ㣬һʯ棬̳Уţһǧִ͵ʼȻʮ㻤֣ͩΧУϢ¶
ڴ֮Уֳٿɾˣڣκ˶ҵͩĴڡڴ֮еͩɹ˿أڲ֮ء
ﲻǴ֣ͩʹҲҪһ㱣ѡ
ڴʱѾʼˡ
ȣƷγһ޴ḥ̂׳ޱȡ
ͩ϶֮пһĻʱˡ
Ԫ٣
һַǳµ١
컯١Ԫ١̽١
µ٣ɵ͵ߡһ֮͵һ컯٣ֻĳϰ
ܹڳ֮ʱ컯ٵģǲţǻۺСӡ컯˼飬л٣㣬ɹǴһ֮컯
ԪٵĿ¸컯֮ϡ
̫Сרзɵʿ˽֮£عԪһй顣


268  ɽ
ͩɫ΢䣬ͩ˳˯֮е䱦
ãܺãֻһ˺ۣҾܹȫָ䱦ѹе
ף⣬Ԫ٣Ҳٰǽ񼶶ѣõŽ𣿡䱦ע⵽֮󣬵ƿڴ
ͩóȫ٣ҷӡҲûãҪȥ䱦ѵ
ٵĵһȻʽ£׿ͨȫͬףΪԣ״
ףݻȾоŵСˣԪٷΪĲÿַ־ŵ
һ£ݺݵֳɵĻϡ
䡪
һ죬ɵķֱݻ١
ͩһֳٰһ׾ͱƵ֮ķֳǿľֻҪûбȫݻ٣ܹѸٻָȫѸɣգۼָֻʮķ֡
䡪
ڶ£֮ǰǿ
һ֮£Ųݻ٣ոջָ߲ʱ򣬵׽¡

ͩȻ׽ٽֳȫٵľϵ鱦ǳҪӵԶǿĻָԵһҪá
ͩһһöľϵӳӭȥ
⡪ҵԽԽԽԽ
鱦ǽΪйȥγɷ֮빥γǿҵĶԳ壬Եֵ͵ǿĹ
ɢͩΪģǧСʯݻٳ
ꡪӾȻܲ׵ϸ΢ı
鱦ǷԵ鱦Ȼһֻܳסһ
ֻͩǵһٵĵ׶ѣ滹ף֮󣬻иֲ١
ĵ֮£һͣҲûС
⡪һ󼱴ٵƵڲϼӿӴ
ۿɼϵѺԽԽԣԽԽࡣ
סͩķעϡ
ɱΧҲԽԽ㣬ԽԽʯȺݻ١
ڣӵＫˡ
䡱һ

׶ನϣٵĲ
ŵ׽¡
ͩɲҴ⣬ͨ鱦һǰһضȥ鱦һͨ鱦֮ǰǼľϵӲࡣ
׽ٿɾͰԵöˣһ鱦ŲסͩҪźöȣҲøǿ鱦ȥ١
ǼӲѵȥĵһ鱦׽ٴñѣԴʧͩһģûа
鱦ڱһ״飬Ѿϡ
ڶ鱦ʱضȥ˳ؽʧĵס
ĵߵ͵ڰ˵׽ԱͩͬҲΪʧļ鱦
׵ĵھŵˡ
һǵһٵһǰ˵ܺ͡
൱
һ£Ӵһ鱦ֻһϢͱ촷ۣػٵͩ鱦˵ļ鱦ʱ򣬲Ŷֹơ
ֻǺźھŵ׽ʵ̫ˣļ鱦Ҳ飬ͩĵ鱦ûüȥ׾ʹϡ
䡪ʮƣʮ飬ͩؼϡ
ؼ׿ɲǳصģͩΪӦרƳƷ鱦Ȼأԣȴ൱ġ

٣޷ģֻҪӲ£㣬װؼ׾൱ȷѡ
ʵϣҲˣؼΪͩǳĵھŵס
ԪٵĵһȥˣһĹͩʧ˾żͨ鱦
ڶ漴ʼˡ
ڰĻ¡
Сģڶ棬ڵǿȣմϾǴѡ䱦ѵ
ͩȻҴ⣬״鱦Ƿֳ򣬷ŵһ档
ٱ׽ٻҪ֣Ϊ޳̬֮ǰֵ׽ٵ鱦ֵ٣ò̫
ԣͩõֲۣЧطɢٵû
ʵϣֲԷǳɹһٱɵƽˡ
ǵ˵ĵٵʱ鱦Ĳڴﵽ˼ޣ̫棬ԴʧѣʧȥЧá
ͩòǱķӣ鱦˳˵ĵٲԱ١
£ͩһϵƣŴʮȥ
ò˵ϵڷ൱ǿġ

ܿ죬ĿǰΪֹ൱䱦޵ò̾ͩ׼൱֣Ҫ֮ǰɽٵĻû㹻ķ鱦µһ׽ٶɹȥ
Ԫķǳֲһϵ鱦ͨ鱦һȫ֮£ҲѴ
ֵֻپͱݻ٣Ҳͩʧĵʮ鱦ˡ
ͩûκγɣľϵƶȥ
ͩƵϵƲ࣬ӦءľϵȻڼӲϲϵȴʤһ
Ҫǣľϵƣͩ˲١
ľϵƺ֮£ߵٶɹˣڰ˵Ҳյش˹ֻǲóõľϵҲӲѱϵˡ
һ٣ֵͩüΪ֣һ˦棬ʽвľϵƣ֧طԴ
ھŵ棬Ȼʽɫֲڳֵ˲˷ԲʯƬʯը֮µһЩƬǰһɲǣȫΪҽ൱֮𺳡
ģֱҪͩһòӲͷƤѶƶȥ

ֲĻ棬ڽӴƵʱ򣬶Ƶķֵ̹˲ٴֱƱӴ
鱦ľϵܣ֧Ϣͱٴһ󶴣Ծʧ˴룬Ǳˡ
ƣĲűֹˡ
ɫ·һɫһ㣬ŭز˻ҧһƣͩȥ
ǰһƣڴ֮ǰѾǿķƱٵ
ȷʵͻ֮Чͩһöĵҩյּ䣬ľϵơ
ڶٵһͩʮƸĵˡ
һûгһôյһĻͩΧͽһС
ĴҲСʮ鱦ϣҺõͩ˲鱦ԷΪʵֲ̫ˡ
Ѿֳɣ٣ǵ٣
Ľ𵶣·һ£
ǵ٣ҪСЩ𵶣ǳиƷһٲȺ󣬻ҹСӦ¶ǵĹ֮£Ҳɣ䱦ѵ

Ľ𵶣·һ£ϵطꡱǽĦռĿ
ͩҵɷ˵ŻָĵҩԼķߣȻԴĵƣ򲻵üͩǲᶯġ
Դ鱦ùһ֮Ҫ䣬в֮£ֻͩһεʹûᣬһҪҪʱ
֮ͩ䣬óʮ澵ӣ⾵Ϊݹ⾵ͨ鱦۷ķͩʶֻͬʱٿʮ棬ҷӳȫ
ʮ澵Ӻգһ򵥵Բ󣬹â
ֻҪӰ쵽Ľ𵶣ᱻ˳ǣ򣬶ͩȻǰȻ
ӣͩھ棬ܽ𵶹ʮҲû̫ܵӰ죬Եøİȫ
ʹʮ鱦ľӣֱӺǷĳġ
ʱͩ¶ѻĴʯԼµĵҩ˺ܴá
ͩսʯָټϵҩĸĻָƽ
һне൱˳ʱһһعȥˣ֮ͩ£д⣬Ǻ󾢲򵶴ֱӱѵ³

ʱȥˣͩķļ죬ǵҩͽ¾ʯĸ£ƽƣӳƽھųɷƵ˳ɣ߳ɣֱڵĳɣҪˡ
µľʯڽ٣ͩվʯ൱֮ݣ˾ǿȣתΪҲҺͩЩһֱתԪܹһַʮãҾתԪӵתʼͿʼֳǿ֮Ч
Ϊݹ⾵濹⣬ǲûг𣬷ٴҲȲ鱦飬¶֮Σա
ͩӿʼɽٵѾȥ죬߲ݣͣʹ鱦ֵ٣νƣ
ڵٰ˹ȥͩ˿̵ķƽѾɣӰͩİȫ
һʿ˵һУû˷͵ڷϵˡ
ٽͩʼ񾧵Լҩɣĳɡɡɡһֱָ˳ӡ
Ĳһڿʼˡ
ʱͩķųɣֻֻ֮ʣңʹʱܵơ

Сˣһ٣ԪٵһԵʿ꣬µħ٣νħ˽ʿĸΪʿħΪٻ𣬷ʿ꣬ⲿйħϮöɽ֮޷רӦħٻ걻ħɶ䱦ѵ
һٵ̫ѣħһѹħʹٲ˵ģҪ֮ͣУѾڶԸⲿħ˵ħʵֻЩħ֮󣬻йԪ٣׻һе顣䡣
·ԶŵĴħѣħֱԺ
ڴͬʱһܵǿʹڿͩ񾭣ͩ־ʶܵ˼ĸźͿ顣
ͷĥԻһӰӰϡ߹ءԵֳһ֮ؿڵ쵱
µ׽ٽһɫԲڵһһס
ֻһյʮݹ⾵ȫʩչҲ޷ıĹ켣
䡪ʮ٣£ʮ֡
ȴͩӦʱ䣬ͩٻлԪɡǰͩ治ؼӲһΪҲûаϵؼܹһ


269  ͩ
лԪɡȻΪƷ鱦֮еļƷΪͩǿӲصһҲΪˣлԪɡҲܵػֵ٣ͻᲽǰ鱦ĺ󳾡
ͩ۵ջлԪɡִͨ鱦֮Уóʮʽһķ鱦
ͩԪѾ۳ͣԪӤͬԪӤԪΪ壬Ϊںϲ
ͩ˺ڣԪӤԪӤں״̬Ԫʶ֮У۳ΣǴΡ
˿ͩԪһöԲη׵ͭǮڣܱпµħţħʣȷʵڣʿʶ֮ǱصħΪȼϣʿꡣ
ԪµľĲħ־ʶħĿ
һƣף
ƻǳǿһ֮£һҲᱻ촷ۣǳ¡
ڶ£ͩ˿ϢĻᡣ
ͩӲͷƤʮ鱦ʹŵȥ
һ֮£͸鱦ķ鱦һƻѾͨȫһ

üһǹ̬ġͩԸ̾Ȼ˿⻼ǳͩûз۳һУӭѶϵǿ־
ͩʣҲһҪӻҪδԸδˣнڵԼҪңҲΡȻ壡
ͩƾɸǿѹв״̬ר־Ӧµס
ʮ鱦ֻ߳ɵȻ֮һײ˻ָһ֡
ͩᣬ׳ʮ鱦ӭȥ
һ˺ķ鱦Ѿǳʱӭ
ʧֻٵһ鱦ͻᵲ
ͩûбķˣֻƴһ취ˡ
鱦ͩƵģĹˣͩһҲۡ
ͨ鱦ͩ˵òΪͩΪװ»ٶȻǳ죬ͩͨ鱦ȤѾ٣ǻ㲻ˣκڵıڱԶǿġ
ˣΪһʦԼƷһһرٻһۺͿϧġ

ʱȥˣһ٣Ѿһ룬׺Ȼ¡˿̵֮ͩǰ֮УǲɱܵһЩ˺ڷ˵ҩ֮󣬻ָ˹ϵؼѾݻٹһΣֻͩһµġ
ƺ鱦С£ҪǷѾʼϻָٶȣ´񾧱һգ֧Ԯ֮ͩ⣬Ҫ֧ԮֳٵĻָ衣
鱦Ѿ˳ʮΧɼһЩûȫٵĲ鱦ѾԾɢΪ
£ͩľȫķһʹʮ鱦ӭȥڻٵʮ鱦֮˳ر˾ųɾţһαٸ˼ɲǣͩϵؼײƴһ˿ؼװ׵ؼҲһѺۡ
ֻͩһȫµؼףһϵƣͬʱ󲹳䷨ֶΣԴ顣
ͩҲأڿٻָ֮У״̬Ϸǳáֻʣǿº룬ˣȻ˳ضɹ˽٣Ԫ㹻ʱȥһؿ

״̬£ͩʮ鱦Ĵһضɹ˵ߵ͵ڰ˵ס
Ԫһ٣µ٣һٲҪһ١
˿̣ħ͵ʮҪͭǮķߣȥ˺ͩԪ
ѾָѺۣ󲿷ѺͻָͭǮֳɱǿ
ʮķħ棬ҲͭǮصķ߰벽
ħҲǷǳµģͩǿ־֮£ǿħҲӰ첻ͩɱһ᲻ɴߵ־
ھŵ֮ʱǿµķ·־һӰһ֮£ɹʡ
ͩҲ˿⣬Ҳóѹ׵ıֻ洩ؼѾʧˣȡ֮һ棬ķμף˷ȫ֮ƶɵͨɱףͷһʮߵİ˽Ƿⱦ˿̵ǿޱȡ
ͩóȫͩû·£ͩĵƺ̡
䡪£һ֮ǰ˵׵ͩٶȣϧشʹʮ鱦ÿʮһΣһνһεӭͷµ

ε鱦ҪķֶΣΪ˾ܵԼ̽ǳ
⣬ΣʮԵͨ鱦Ƭ̵ҲûУͱݻ١
һԴﵽΣ
ֻͩǰѣ񼶱ĹֵܹһӦѾ൱ļˣҪεֱҪ
ɱ̺ݻطƣһֻҪЩطƣܷӳǿ
ֻܹͩȴǲаǼˣҲ㹻ˡ
Σܹɴݻͨ鱦е鱦ȴܴݻһɱһͨɱ
£׵ؾ˱Ľϣߵγɽ֮ơ
ʮۼƺͲʣɱģֻɵûüݻƥطƣҲΪͩĲιͣͣͨ鱦ļ𣬵ǲɷϵǣǱ󣬿ԽΣһͩóֵ٣ҲҪһΪϴҼӿطƵݻٶȡ

ʮһۺܷǳı൱ؼ汸öࡣ
һ״ϣҲñ൱ѹǱȴȻȹ̩ɽ
ڴͬʱⲿǿѹҲʹ˱Ḷ̌ƿʼƣܵõ˼ǿһЩԭڵĹҲڼ֮С
鱦ĿɽԣĽǸ˵Ҫ֮ڵõӦݱ֮󣬲γɡ
ԭƹܣض൱ƽ
ˣĽһĳ̶ȣ˵ĹڶɱӡȫһΪ̴˷ñѵѹ԰ѵڲӡĥ
أͷӵɱ籦һֱܣʶӵɲڱ֮ڣ򷨲֣ٲ𣻻Ϊзη磬ڽ֮Уңڡ
϶ƹܣҲǱҪЧ
ʵϣڽ֮Уؽ˵ñ¯ãǿЧӵǿ״ȵȡ

׼ӳʮϢһ㹻ĽݻһµĽڣǱ˳˻ͩʶ
ͩϵ׹âһ޴Ӱ֣쳤ХһΪʮͼγһĪƣڣѸĥ
ͩƣֱĥϣΪ֧ͩƿ˷ƣױϡ
ɱ׷ǳɵؽһûгְ˺ۣʣһҵ֮ɱж˾ųɾŵʣ֮һĹ͸ףͩı塣
޵ͩڣҲͩܵشһѪƲᡣ
˿ɫ԰ףδͩȴ¶Цݡ
еĽƣĵɢˡ
ͩϽһö˵ҩָƺͷһ߳׹񼶵ľ硣һߴ߶ñĽչӿһЩ
ͩԺһʿڷ磬񼸺ԺˣͩҲûл֮ˡ
򲻹ûģ֮ǰܶҪڻ

Զʮ֮⣬һҳ׵ʻ
ɴ֮ϣӡһ൱ԵĻ±־ӦǶĳķɴ
֮Уһۣ߳ͷñڲ鿴дݺ״ɨݣüͷʲô֮⣬һŮʽ۵ŮһԣŮòһ˫۾Ҷüƣ覣ȴһݲչӡ
򲻱䣬볬ռУʱʮ졣
ǣ򲻱䣬ڽ볬ռ䣬˳볬ռ䣬ʱʼɴԷش
壬ϵҴķɴ𣿡Ůʵ
ûУһȻ˳ȴƫشܲ˳߳ȥһ⡣ƵػشĺУڳռ֮ʱУҪϵĳ涴ͣһֱռ亽СƫĺռоͻܵһƣòؼʱٶȺʱ䣬һӳռʱһԴײĿ֮УΪ˳ɷɴҲġ
ԵһɴĴԲô׵ģҪḻľ֪ʶ

ɶ񣬲֪˭й¶ǵ٣ʮһֻӳһҡʧ޿ɼӻص壬Ҹ׽Ů̾
ߣ˼֮еͽͼϸ˭й¶ǵ١һش
ǵ٣ֻ֪ǶǼгϼܱѼɣŮʵЩ֮еĳλй¶ϢǾ̫ˡ뵽ŮӲһ
ӨӨ侲һЩֻΣδˣҪļĻû飬Щ̫ݣֻͨЩֶشǶѡӳŵ˵
˵üǣֻҪڣǻҾͲʧƣĵҲǿЦģЩɶǵؼ֮һҪǵĳѨһٽǣǻҵ̶Ҳֱ̫ɶˡӨӨŭ˵
ˣȥϢɣȻƫ˺򣬵ҲЩ˵ǵҪƷûжʧﶪҲͶˣûʲô˵ġ˵


270  
ʮ󣬷ɴӳռ֮д˳״ﰴɨ裬̰״ɨرƫʮ߷֣ʮ֮з쳣Ŀ꣬Ƿ״
Ϊ쳣Ŀꣿָ֮ĶеǷɴеʿеľǹǿվ޵ȵȡ
ʾĿꡣ׷
һӫʾһƬʯȺ֮Уһ൱ͻأ޵شһαһͨʯϣƺ
ӫʾ֮ϣϡܹһЩǿײ֮ĺۼ
ӨӨҲ˴ңʵ壬ôҵ𣿡
ӨӨз֣ɡ׷ش
ӨӨߵ׷ĽǶȣһӫԾȵǸ֣ӾһսȻ֮Уֵǿ
ͩڹΪȴȻеزڿ̽Լ
ʶ̽ȥȴû˿̷֣Ӧ˹ǶԷԶּͩҲóһܵ״״һɨ裬̾ͷԶʮ֮ľ޴ɴ

ͩò̾״ֶȷʵãԽȽԽˣֻϵ⾵ڴʱȷʵȲԽȽ״ɨ跶ΧԶԶ
ϧ״ҲԣǾ֮У޷ʹ״ֻñĹ⾵֮
Ҫʹ״ⲻգ˷ѷֲ̫ȫ
ڴʱԶһͨѶֱӴﵽͩϡ
ͩм⣬벻Ĺٰܲ
ͩ㿪ͨѶһʾ֣һӺһòŮӸڹ֮УӦڷɴڲ
λǰáֻͻ·˵أ̽Сӿ˵ŵüͣҲ֪֮˱ȻΪǿֻǸĻҲ֪Էϸ
˭Ҫȥεأͩʵ
ҵǵԪ½Ԫĵ۹ӵܣ׷棬ֶŮӨӨʵ˻һʻؼң·ǵ֯٣òײӳʧ˺Ѱȥ׷濪˵ɲΪһλԲܡԱֵ÷ǳϿҡ

Ŷʧһȥô˵һоĴඣͩʵ
ǰǣǼ֮У캽ḻ֮ˣǧ溽о飬Ժ㲻ʲôӨӨӿ˵
ܺãҲʧ˷ͷ۲֪βܻع½˳紬λɣֱͩ˵˵ͩΪʵǣʲô
ǰҪȻֻ֮ܵǵ֯׷ɱһҵͻǵӿʱ򣬿»ʮ鷳ӨӨ˵
ǵʲôһ̣·ϵһ鷳ȫˣ͵Ǵʺˡͩ˵
ãǰݡӨӨһ
봫Ѷ֮ͨͩվԷɴ˹ȥٶ˲ﵽǹ١
Ϊ٣ͩеһжݻ٣ֳ٣Լܱ߲ٲ鱦Ի촷ۡ
ӨӨôһİϴ׷濪ʵ֮ǰΪͩǰҷ֮ԡ
ܼ򵥣ΪʶӨӨش
ʲôʲôʱʶôһλǿߣΪʲôʶ㣿׷治ŵʵ

ӨӨһЦ¶˵Цݣش壬ɼǵüǰѡΣ
Ȼ׷ͷӦô飬᲻֪Ԫ½ѡţһǳʢ磬Ԫ½һҵڵԪ½Ź㷺֪ȣҲΪһαǡ
˾֮һҴõϢΪͩ½һŰ˵˱ΪһصšӨӨ˵
ŶԭţӦòˡ׷ҲˣΪ½ôǵ֯๴᣿
һӲͩͷɵ˻ǰ˳˷ɴ
ˣ롣һռĴԱͩ˴ҡ
룬񣿡׷վżǿߣͩΪ磬ֻһͣǾͩԽԼ󾳽ϡ
μǰδԶӭǰ¡׷к
ǰãӭӨӨգ۾ʮֺشͩһк
ʶңͩʵͩû⻪׷ûӭԼ飬ϾһɴĴҪ̫ˡ
ǰѡεʤߣ᲻֪һܻǰʶҲ˵ӨӨش

ǣͩʵ
ӨӨش
Ŷԭ֣ĳȻʶ˵ĳ֪֪ͬˣͩʵ
ڿǴæ˰Ҳͼһ棬˵ھְҲ֪æЩʲôӨӨش
ţĳһҰɣĳЩδɡͩ˵ͷûٶˣתƻ
ǰ룬Ѿá׷ԴͩһңҰһŹſܹɳɴط
߽ͩ˲ңһ£ǳطװ޵ţһӦƷȫ
ĳҪչûд£ͲҪĳͩ˵
ǣס׷ͷӦܿʹ˳ȥ˲š
ͩΪ⣬óһţ͵һּ䣬һ𣬾ʹ˿ʼΪ
׷ص˴ңͼʼعĺ⡣
˿ͩڴͲðƫԶֱӻعܾȥ

ʱһξ͹ȥ£һ׳Żұ־Ļ˷ɴڽһ˹涴Ĺ·֮󣬴涴֮ڻصͨԪ½ϡ
Ϊ֮еƶģ;ķɴҪع麽ԭ·Ҳǲܵģ;鷵һ൱µѧʣֻоḻķɴܹա
µḶ́ΪѾ˳ȶµĿˡͩһ֮£̸ܵԪյĺô±仯ǰһٱٶƾһٱ
񾳽ĺôʵ̫ˣͩһĪҸС
ǰҪܴﵽ˺һ磬ֻҪԶ񣬾ܹ˺һ״̬ٶȴʵҲͬһǳ˼ĳ̶ȣͶ֮䣬̵ܹͩظܵǿԪ֣һԳ棬޵еĴ
Բ֮ڣһз紵ݶӲͩĸָ֪֪˿ƺΪһֱܡ
ͩףԼ
ѾʼһֽᾧԪӤҲԪ񣬶ǷܹͩоԼķ£ڻڵ֮лһƬޱ޼ʡ

ڣɵʿҪҲһ۾磬Ҫϸһ磬ȵаտڻʱ򣬾ͿԶɽٳˡ䱦˵˵̫ҲδǺ£ĳ֮٣ϲĻӦþֲĻ̽٣Ҫǡ
ͩ˵ͷʾסһϸ˼ţԺĹ滮
Ҫɽ٣ֻпһΣ鱦ϰټ鱦˳ضɹ˽٣̽٣ֲ٣˵ӹܹɹ֮١ֻΪݵ˲Żᱻ´˽١
ҲգԪǡͩ̾һ˵ʵɱͩҲУֻͨɱ䱦˵ڻ֮̽£ͨɱҲƷ̫󣬶ɱʹú鱦ʹȫ£ͩô鱦Ԫ٣ȴ޷ôͨɱĻ̽١
ͩ˱չأ߳˲ңһ·ͨ˴ǰ˲Ҵš
׷ͨѾ˭ˣ˿Ͻӭԭǰôסÿ
ܺãĳ򻪴ѧϰģ뻪ߴͽ̵̡ͩǼ;̫ˣӵͼҲѶλѰ

׷һ£漴̱ʾԸڡͩŻ׷ѧϰ溽е֪ʶ
;ǳ˳ͩҲѧ÷ǳʶڵʮʱھһǴʱ״ɨ赽һǳصĽǾΧڶķɴΧˡ
һԶ˹
׷˹
һᣬĹͷ󺺳Ļϣ˵׷棬㵨ӲСȻĿŵسְǵΧɱ㣬㶼ӳһҵĵ̣ҵ˰
㲻Ҫ̫ˣһܹģ׷ҧгݵ˵
вӣ˭֪ǻҵѾʧˣ˭֪ͷ˿⵹ʵнʱ򣬻Ѿ뿪˻ңûܹ˵ˣһеģֻҪ㹻棬Σ֮ĸһ㣬˭ҲҲ
һֻٲƣǱЫϣǿѡΪǵ쵭˵

ϻض˵ǲύģҪ͵̤ҵʬ壡׷ǿƵ˵
ߣҳϣBɴܺǿǱϰDϵķɴΧֶܹãһȰȥǻҽѰɡͷ󺺱ֳͬϸ塣
˿̵İΧȦսķɴѾ뻪һһˡ
׷濴ͩ˼൱ԡ
ͩҲûƴǣʲõվ˵ǰɣ뿪ҪƱ֡ǵǴ֮ǰ˵õĴʣͩһԶţӦ飬Ӳʳԡ
ǣע⵽֮ͩǰΪͩͨĸ١Ż׷һӣֲ
˵һ飬ͩһǣǧﴫ֮ѹ£а񼶵ǿԿռ䷨֮Խʮľ룬ֱӴﵽԷķɴڲ
һǣֳͩޱȵĿԼµķһеһжǳֱ۵ͩʵľ޴ɱ䡣


271  Ы
ﵽڵķɴңԴһѣΡɫͻ䣬ʱҪٷӦɵˡ
ɲͨ벨ƵǿʵֱӾ
ԭǰڴϣºμǰ̬һһٰʮȴת䡣
ٲȫ¡ͩûκα飬ؿڵ
ǣǣǣ̾ߡٶ˵ʲôϽкˡ֮ǰһϢյˣµõϢЫŵӦþͿϵˣ˵ЫҲһλˡ
лųѡ׷ϴЦݣȵػش
ˣ͸ˡ˵ر˲Ƶ·ɿ˴˵ء
ܹ£һ£ڸ֮л÷ˮǵųɲǱûʲôˡ
ϴǾˣǲİһߵĸ˵
ϻ˼а񼶱ĸҶ벻⻪ҵ̹ȻȻʱҲһǿ̾
ʱҲԣ֮ǰ˵Ы˻ҵĴӣʱаǿҲöЫǵóˣǿϧҵĴǺεȵķ򣬾˶Ы

лǰ롣׷湧سͩл
ˣõĴʰˡĳǺ棬ǾͺεȹصıȻЩǵ˴ѡͩʵȻشͰˡ
׷Ĭ֪Ǵǲá
ӨӨʱ߽˴գͩĻ֮󣬿˵ʵԭѾδ飬ΪⲿѹڲǻԭҶ߲ܻܿһʹ˵Ҳ˵
ôܣֲı໤Щǿ࿹⣿ͩʵͩİֵ̫һᡣ
ǰԪ½ʷƾã̸֮ڣö֮ǱڣҸ֮ѪҲѷֵ壬ûк޷֮ǻҲû㹻öҳ֡ӨӨֱ׵˵
ͩˣˣһңұһӴ漯ţԼһңڣܾѪϵ͸ˣ뻪Ϊе֮оҲıף鸴ӵúܡ

һǻ͵žԾ񵤡ΪͽϢ©ԡӨӨ˵
ŶԭˣԾ񵤣˵ʥ񣬷һſɼʣٷһżʼ룬ܹԷšһͻƼʣҲѹЩǵ˷ˡͩ˵
ӨӨϸ۲ͩı飬ûзκҧҧ˵ǰԸ⻤ǰȫػңСŮԸǰһžԾ񵤡
ϧ˵ҩûáͩҡҡͷܾĲҪΪȱͻƿĵҩԴ˵ˣھǰʲôͻƵģ
ͩſռ佻ƽ̨õԴӦоСȱ׺߽׵ı
ǰҪʲôֻҪһеģһǰӨӨʮسŵͬʱҲһóͩ治ҪⵤҩⵤҩǻҾõıֻҪٳһһΣӭжˡ
һλж˵õ޷죬ϧǱͽй¶ˡ
ͩЦˣҡҡͷҪĶǻҸ𡣷ģĳһ˵㻰ĴǲǷġ

Ц߽׵ıֻȼı֮вſӵУһôӵУ¾ѱǰҲϲ
һεġ
֪֮䣬ͩѾԽŵķ롣
ͩ˵꣬ͼŻ׷ѧϰ
ӨӨͻ׷Ҳ벻ͩȻѣҪ֪ԾòҲǽһЩİõıͩȴ۾գһ£治֪˾ôġ
ΪͩΪˡ
ѹ˼ܹΪţϾܹһ
ڳռ֮зţһڳռ֮зеķɴ൱ȫģֻҪͨ涴ʱ򣬷ɴŻӳռ֮ʱǵٵʱ
ֻһ£ǵǲϴٵģҲһԻҵжһ
Ϻǵֹ֮졣
ͼа¾ܹ˳صִԪ½ˡ
һ죬һϵĳ涴һ״ϾͿʼʾ
һӱϰɴΧˡ

Է벨Ƶ˹һӥǵӳĻϡ˾ǳĶЫǵųŶЫʵѾû֪ˡ
ҵǺÿడ벻ǾȻҹȻ¶棬ǲòµĵǰЫƳ޵
˵ϻ˭й¶ǵ٣ҲҪĿ׷һ˵
Ǻǣǲ˼ųϲľĿЫҡҡͷЦ
ʱĻһתһ߳Ļϣһɫۣһذ̺ۡ
СӣеĶҸһ·ÿ϶˵
֣J׷ͻӨӨϵôˣʵΪ˵̫ʢ
ԭˣЫı֣ңѹѹ֡ӨӨɫѿ˵
֪ΣʵǽԱ˵࣬ǻҲһֱ֪϶𣿸Ҳ޷϶ھǣûʮϵĹǳġֻҪǽһ·ǻػͨϢܹȳأ֣J˵

ϼһʲôͷͩ˵ǣǹѺﷸĵطֻҪ£ֹ˶ᱻѺ档
֮кеǵЩһͨٷץͼķݣһؾһӡ
ѺǵˣͨⲿһЩֶΣ˴̳ػδ飬ӦþΪѺǣҲز硣
׷ͻӨӨϢɫ԰ףıѺǣʮ겻ܳĻ군ˡʱ򣬴ϵһͨ豸޷絽磬Ѿˡ
ʱ򣬻׷ͻӨӨŲпѡǰѶȥȡؼͨϢôЩֶΰ̳Ǳûٳһأ
ͩòϣ֣JȻϼ޻һ仰ͶϾ˻ʯٵ˼֮
ͩ䵹ûбȻ硣
ǰ֣ҵλ֮һʵ൱ǿ߼֣ҺǻвٻԹһǻĴͷˡ׷ش

ףλǣ֣J׷̬ͩȾ֪ǰƺ򵥡
˭ҪҪǵ·ͩ˫֣һƽ˵
Ŷ뻪ʲôϵ֣Jûںͩڹơܹ׷֮󣬻򶨵ȻˣпͬǿߣҪôǱˡ
һ֣ҪԴ
뻪ûϵ;˳紬һص½ҸĴʾǰƽ;е鷳ԣҪ鷳´֮󡣡ͩش⻰˵ƽʵ൱ǿơ
֣JҲ˶Էа˭ƣҲмȻ
֣J΢΢һЦ˵򵥣¼Ȼ뻪ûйϵһоͺðˡϷΪ׼һҿ촬͸µԪ½
ŶµƷһã¿ڲ尡ͩҡҡͷܾõɣǵĶԹҲܣ˵Ԫ½
֣Jɫת°ϻ˵Ԫ½ɽҪˣϷֺαس

ڵܼҲܸӡ֣˻棬˻ҵİǿ߱ؽǡ
֣ҿ϶ΪҲ˲СĴۣȻתͷҪռңռڰУԲ̫¶һȺ֣ҵֵͻ
룬֣ҷϾ˼ƻңӦĴۣ֣⣬֪ڵһЩҲᶯ֣Ϊûаջ᲻ʱԻΪû䡣
ﵽ˰񾳽磬ʱʱڼҲʱʱΣֻҪû䣬λӰʹڡ
ȻҾǿиɵĴɳ֣ҿȷ浹ùˣ֪֣Ŀŵض֣ǲǸԼҲЩԻŵζèһӿ
ѵͲܸϷ򼸷ֱ𣿡֣J̬ǿӲĲֻӲˡ
˼ûҵƷֵǮһףϽ·ү㣡ͩȻǿƵ˵
⻰ûӨӨͻ׷𺳲ǿ񼶱ĴڣٻᶯǹҶͨԻ⡣

ߣ֣JŭˣԭͲʲôƢˣֱֻӷɴռ䵱УȻŻһ
ףǽϵ򰡣ҲᣡͩҲӷɴ֮дԽԿһֽǽ֮µһá
ǵŵķɴвٹЩʥϵǿ˵üΪ㡣
ڰУȽսҲֻǽͨߣսԼ֡
˫״ﶼ൱Ƚܹذɨ赽ΣȫϢͶӰ
֣Jʶͩϸһ̽ͩһϢȥǳ񲻾áղŸŷɴӫ֮Ϻж϶ԷΪ
֣J˵ףͷƷСӲ񣬾ȻţȻϷԾͳȫ㡣
ͩǣԼ񾳽֮󣬻ûг֣ϼһ֣Լȫ֮£жǿ
ͩǵ֮ǰͶ˳ֵͷǵҽᣬϧΪ
˵ٶȺܿ죬գۼ˫λͷˡ
Сӣٸһᣬ뿪ü֣JڸԷѹ


272  Ԫ½
ͩһΣ˫֡ȫװܹʿСӣ֣JûΪͩСͩóԼȫ
ͩĿһɨ˲жϳԷװƷǾƷߣƽ𼶱𣬶װӻϿѾһβ̵ʷˡ
ֻǿϧ̫ͩչڣҲƷߣҲ˶١
鱦ɱϵ֮ϵϵֻϵȻڼ̳Զ֮Ų
徭Լĸ֮ͬ鱦ϵͬƳЧҲǲͬġ
ͩЦЦ˵лѣְɣҸһλӵĻᡣ
ߣ֣Jһ漴һӳն
֣Jһն˲䡣
ͩоһε֮漴ҪԷʱѾǲܵˡͩ÷һޱȣ뷨¶Ϊһһ֮ͻȻõֻӲӴ˵ͻʧȥȻսֱȻڱֱӵ°䡣
ͩ齣һʽ
뵶һ飬ȥƲգۼͳ嵽֣Jǰ

ͩһһ֣죡
쵽֣J㡣
֣JʵؼеķֶΣԼٶ̷˵ҩ
ϧûСͩҲûдУʵڵ֮ʵ̫⣬ͩһǽ轣֮һľ֮
죬õ޷㣬Ӳһ
ľ֮ӳ֮µһ֮ǿ󣬼ҲҴ⡣
Ʒװǿܹ񼶵Ĺ
һ֮£֣Jϵķװȫ飬漴ɢ
⣬ⲻܣҲİ֣Jֵ̿ؽеѾǰõҩҩȴֻʮϢ
䡪
֣JΪһѪ
ͩսҡҡͷ̾αأοأΪηҪҴɱأ
һĻҲһԵĹ۵ĵ˫һ
һʱ֮䣬ͬ˶ݵسĬ֮С
䣬ǺεȾ˵Ĵ£Ҫ֪ڷ磬཮֮У񼸺ǿԪƾãÿһ˶ܹ֧һӴ壬ޱߵȨ͸Щʥ򼶺ռʿǿ֧Ĵʡ

ͩûưոݣܵǵɴÿһ⡣
ЫؿŽϮŵðеܣ죬ܣϧɴĴһ㷽ȷʵô
̫֮УӶȼõ̻𣬶ЫǵžͩĨɱ׳Ϊʷ㻹©֮Ҳʲôˡ
ͩתɻ˻µظҵкһҪչϢڿԼ·ˡǰ滹ʲô鷳кһˡ
ͩҲԼҲ뽫ڹϣֻǸոͻư񾳽磬ȻҲͷڡ
һͩչأ˻ᣬܲҵ
ҵĻǰһ·ϿɾͰöˣΪһ·Ѿ൱ӽԪ½ˣǵſɲҵҰǶЫǵҲΪ֣JŸΧҵĻ
̶ȥˣɴѾ˵Ԫ½̫Ǹۿڣۡ
ͩҲôӲƹضһƵӣȻûҵκͷֻͩεҡͷ
ɴѾˣͩҲڴϲߣȻҵ˰Ͳֻܹͩͩ뻪û̫ĸϵҲò˼Ҽ֮Ȩ

ˣҵվˣλڰɡͩ˰֣߳˷ɴ̫ոۿڵķ󵽴Ԫ½쳯۶
ӨӨͩ뿪̾һϧǻҵ˾ͺˡ
ˣӨӨˣѾ׬ˣ֣һλ棬ʵ󽵣ʣµһֻҪҳҰǻ֪ʲộ׷浹ǲתƻҪǰѱͻؼ壬Ȼ취֮еͽоǰ汻Ϣȥ
绪׷˵֣ҵϲ϶֪䣬ôµ飬֣˵ֱǵ𼶵ġ䣬Ǽǿİֱ͵֣һʵν˽ˡֻ֣зϢϢ⴫һЩżƻ͵һʱ䡣
ڣ֮лһλڣĶȫ
漴ӨӨͻ׷氲ȫҲ֣֮˴ʧɫѸצҵⲿѹҲ˴
֣֮Ҫ֣ôģͲò飬ΨһǻӨӨͻ׷ˡ

ֵͩĽֵϣ͹˳ʱǹ档
һȥ磬ǼޣίˡͩһһҵŮ·ϣ̾
˼ҲŲίأȥҲܸմ⣬˵ˣҼڳɰˣֻһܹ̤Ԫ޾ǵĽҡͷ˵
үǱԲֻҲҪΪۣȻӿڵͩȿеģԼ۹ޱȵԺ
죬͹ص˱ռ֮СͩһǰӶᱨ
Ԫ½ǧŴ½֮һҲŵһ½½Ŀ̶ȼߣƼռʼߣͨǳ
ӶǱߵ֪̰֮ͩһҷɴ׼ͬʱ֮Խ͵ķʽϵ˵Ԫ½ͩϡ
񣡡Խȵ
ͩԽҲܸˣԽΪסԷӰ죬Ҳûл·ӵĶʮͩˣлֻ
ϲСʦ壬֪Сʦһ֮УһͻưˡԽ޵

ͩҡҡͷʵʯӢҲʱͻƵľסƽҲͬͻưͻư㲻ʲô
Сʦ壬ǲôͻơϲŵռǿΪʥ쳾رʥ׶ΣǸųɳ֮ءһ׶Σϲı֮£ϵؽһһÿһŲͬĽ֮Ҳջһ׶δ󲿷ŶͣһϵʱѧԴ͸˰񼶱֮󣬺㹻ʵȥԽ˵
˵ˣʥ򼶾ʱԭʼ۽׶Σ֮ʵͻͻ۽׶εԭʼʱҹ
Խ˼˵ͩͻƵ̫ˡ
ͩЦЦû˵ʵҪʱԭʼۣԴϵĸͩһ޴ơͩԸĻɱװԼⲻǿЦͨɱеɱڿռ佻ƽ̨Ŀ֮ʱ䱦רŰͩһ
ԣͩҪʱϵĻۣˮƽ൱ԽȱֻΪͷӲˮƽ

СʦһͻƣʦֶĻҪˣЩ꣬СʦʵԼȡԼʵһµ̨סԽûжȰ˵ΪͩѾˣ˵ٶҲûã˵Խ֪ͩʦһʦǳУòŽȡʱԭʼۡ
󲿷ʿðԴһװԼװϣҲ鱦ɱϡͩȻͩ鱦ĿóȥȡҪԴ鱦гǾͦƷԶȥ˱ŸԴȡ
һ㣬ԽԼҲޱȵĽ
лЩıͩվл
Сʦ壬ӦҶлΪ֮ϲҲȺ׵㣬ֻʱѣҵЩͬУ׬ˣټСʦ͵һ鱦ֻҪܹ߽̾ǳ֮еǿߡԽʵػش
ЩӦõġͩش
һӶǱ߰ŵɴˡ
ǣִ֪ͨѯͩʱ
߰ɡͩվ˵
ԽԻͩԴ½Ҳһλ֮ͻָɣңӡ

ɴٶսٶȿԴﵽһʮ١
ͩԽһһҡ
Ԧһλ֣ͬʱҲǹһλḻĴ
ͩ¡Խˣ˴κеյԴ½۶Ĵʥ֮һԴǡ;ͣԤƺʱꡣ㲥֮˴
ɴ˸ۿڣ̫ȥңɴͽ˳ռ֮УһεĺУߵƫԶκܹץõš
֮ͩóһӣװһöĹӣΪ𾧹ֲۣȷȷʵʵһöĽױĹЧֻһǾǰ񼶱˷һ֮ڰһܹһʱڣشﵽż۷壬ʱ䲢಻ᳬʮꡣ˹ܹ֮ʿɰ񼶵ۣҪľûһá
ͩڷ֮Ϣӣʶȴǽռ֮С

ĸڮ
ʦͩ
СӣȻǿ֮·ˣйġЦ
ǺǡͩɵЦţûнӻ
һ֮Уǵһͻưģϲ㣬չ涨һǧ졣һʱڣʱڣΪʦָ㣬ʵﵽһµĸ߶ȣͬʱҲҪոķ֮ȡڽ֮ǰӵ㹻ۺĻۡһͻưҲͰˣһҪסκʿһ֮Ҫĵ磬һ±κξ綼Ҫ죬һܶݣֻж̶̵һ꣬ԣһҪúõҪ³çǿҸ㣬߽µȺ֮УȫڻңһȺս˶ڰϡֻϵŻ᲻ΪڻҵСƽؽ
ͩҲ˽⵽㼶һЩĻ
ֻзϣŸ߹Ƿ磬ӵʮǧ½ĵ۹ҳ˴½֮⣬ǺԴͬ۹Ҳ١
פط置񣬾ͳϡ


273  
ʱһζͩΪҲ˳弶֮ԴԴϵزתΪԪͩûп׵شﵽΪ
ԴǵˣͩڶԴˡ
·֪ͩǧŴ½ǰĴ󣬵ֻԴǵĴӽǡ
κܹɴͷã͵磬ֻ쳣߰ȥһܾͻһλҵ
Ȼһǰ磬ǾǼӣǰս
һǳ֮·ûԴİ񶼻ѡ·Ϊϵ֮УвԴƾսѫȡֻҪ㹻Ĺѫܹһͨ鱦ı
սҲһǳĥ񣬼ٷ־ʮ϶̤սǾսͨԴġ
ǧŴ½ÿһ½һվҪǰսʿһжԸǿʡ
֮вٶţսʤ̭

ɴ˳ؽۡ
ɴĴܵţͶλͷĳ˿͵ͩ£ԽˣλߣܹͶλˣµҡ
ͩԽ˷ɴ޲ɢ֮ϯ
Խ̾Сʦ壬ˣҵѾɣҲҪչϣ´μʱСʦѴﵽ񾳽硣
ءͩ˵ͷ
Խ뿪ˣͩһȥӶᱨ漴ܿͩͱŴؾռ֮еһСʹ󣬰ֱͩӴ͵ȥ
ϤפĻǹâ
ͩǰɣСӽ죬ѾӵǵϢԼȥǰɡâӴ壬ھ޴֮С
ǣâˡͩòػش
Ȼһ˷ɽ
ǣͩһ̤˴˵أ½ĺĳУҲһһŵҡ
ߵſڣһλɳʹߣλʹߵİ£ͩһסѵӪֻһסĵطҪǰסҪ߼öࡣ
ͩһƬסĻ϶ǰ񼶵ĸ֡

һ֮£֪ͩסǰĴţЩ˶ôֶǱޡ
Ⱥ׵㻻ȡսѫȡеʦݣͨ鱦ȡǵʱ䡣
Щ˶ǼҰĵǶǱĻۣĻǵҪڰ񼶱ķ
ܹסİ񣬶֮ǿĴڡ
İֱΪԤʱͻƣΪµ
ͩסûз֮еҲ꣬Ҳûż֮еѧ۸¶ҶûǸʱ䣬ڸɨǰѩÿһÿһʱ䣬ŬԼܹסʮѵãֻɵӲŻ˷ʱȥܱͣ鷳
񾳽Ļۣζպɾ͵ĸߵͣҶǲǶţûĸɵ֮
֮е൱ŨʱǶϧÿһ̵ʱ䡣
ͩݿϣһǧľסʱ䡣
ϵһͻưĽ
ʵͻư񣬲ʿǵѡΪһ꣬ʥʿһꡣ
ͩӢڵͬŵĲһ̿ʼȫˡ

Ǳ״̬ͩҲ൱񣬴ӿռƽ̨֮Уȡ˲ϣʼоƻϵϵϵ鱦֮У
ͩз򣬹ʮ£ȫˣֻǻԼۣȻͿ÷񱮵Ѹ
һһ鱦̥ƳʱҲضɹ
ռ֮УͩҲ֪ͨ˽ϣкβ֮ͩҲȥѯʡ
ҲżǧʱҲֻʣµĻҪͩԼȥŬ
ơ¡ݻ鱦
ͩħһͶУżҲὫʽǰʽ֮ȥӡ֤ʵûͷͻȥѯʡ
ͩʮηᣬͩż
ͩûд÷򸱱Ĵ㣬ԲķҲǲͨԼĲﵽһʵ̫ˣǰɬѶķ£ȴޱȵرԼǰ
֮£ͩķճ̶ڻ֮úΪͩյķ̫ˡ

½Ԫ֮ãԼӿʿٶȡϰ񾳽ǿƣټ̫ϸӦƪԪʼ̵İͩĽٶȺһ㡣
̶һʱ֮ڣͩͽʮȫԲ硣
ͨ񾳽磬һĲٶȾ൱ʥ򼶱һĽȡ
֮ͩ£һãʥʿʮ궼ȲϡʥʿʮԪĻ
ͩΪʹﵽ˰ż۷壬ڴʱͩѾõľ֮ĳϣͷһľϵķ־־Ŵľ֮˵ȼ𣬽ʸ
ͩڷµճ̶鱦ˮƽҲֱͩתˮϵ鱦ϡ
ʦĵλͬⲻǿЦģΪʦܹ鱦ɱΪʦڷµȳҪߵö࣬û츳Ҳܹ׳Ϊ
ڽ֮ǰءաաʥ򡢰ÿһͻƶҪߵ츳;ͻԪľ֮ϡ
ǵһﵽż۷֮󣬾Ͳ츳ܹܲܿ񼶱ˡ

ֳɼĻ
صΪһ̤ϵһʿҪǹ˵ĸʣҲָתΪԴЧҪڳˡ
ôǵڶĿʼ
ڶҪԣ
е˸޶ۣԳڵһѣϲгɾ͡ڵڶ֮УԳ֮ˣȻԶˡ
еţָĴǸʼѵţЩٶȷǳ졣
ѡγǾʡԡȱһɣҪﵽϼѵˮ׼
ǾǿԪ֮ˡ
ԳȻ֮һΪʦܹΪʦ˶ԳȻ֮
ͩ£˵ǼΪȷһ֮·Ҳʺһ·
ΪͩĴоǴʥʥͩӵгΪʦ츳ϵͳĴУרзȻͷǳ֮ˡ
ʦδܹϵ鱦Ǹ۵ϣԶѷڵõ崫еͩˡ
ǶʮȥˣͩѾ˳ؽˮ֮¾ݵԲľ硣

һٶʮ䣬ͩǧ鱦ʧ֮Ƕǧ˿̿УͩĽվ
ͩڻ֮г׷졣
֮ͩ߳ᣬиȥ
и󣬶ȻػſڣֻɨͩһۣͲͩ
ͩɵ̤˴и֮С
ʮΣǰǰչعּ̣ϲãʮʱ䣬ͩ˳֮ͻ֮
ͩڶν̶һʮ䣬Ƚٶȣʥ֮ʱҪ˲֪ٱ
ϧͷϵĲѾȫˣ󡣡ͩҡҡͷ̾ͩ˽⵽񱮻ѵˡ
رڲںϣø
ʮβᣬʡͩǧĿޡ
ص֮ͩʼƾԼںϷ򣬵ǽʵڹڻͩƣԼԼϻۣûǧҲĳɾ͡
ᵽ˷񱮵ǿЧ֮ͩˡɼףѡĵ

صͩ˼ôܶŪβᡣ
֮ǰĲȺ׵ģͩȻʦһٶҲ˲鱦Щ鱦֮УҪɣȻɹ٣ҲҪȸꡣ
ԶˮȲ˽
ͩҲתһЩռ佻׾ֻķ̫Ϊ˵һεһǧѾܿˣ͡óô࣬ǼֱڸԼǻˡ
ֻͩһ¾͹ϵط뷨
ʣµģֶֻͨȡˡ
ֱӵֶξǴս
ֻͩսһ㣬ûٴͩ޷ͩ׾
ԭͩƢܹ׾Ļܿһֱȥͷ飬˰ɡ
ͩҲ˲ˡ
ͩȻΪûȫΪսԲûȥսǼչѲûΪʵ
ڴͬʱͩҲתԪĵڰת͵ھתķһǿᴿҽһǿȡ
޽սһǶʮȥˡ
ͩ׼ǰȥսս

սһֱռ֮С
ͩ͵սʱ򣬷ֱ㳡ϾۼŲˣм
սǷ̶ȣ洳أҪܡͬʱҲʧΪһĺõطܹһʵǿĶֵҲвսϲΪȥǳƵеսˣڴ˳פ
УһЩϴϴǡ
ս㳡ϵһ䣬˾һаӢʯˣ⻹κ涫׽ôͬѧţͬѧɣϾͬһ
٣ͩϡͰ˵С·Ԫ½Ϊʲôңк
УǴæ˰˵ˣҪҲװɣ˵ˣңʱռҲû㴫Ѷңͩػش·ʱҲܸʱ䡣ټϣִͷʱͩȥʲô
ðɣҲǿЦѣЩҶææµ֮඼ͷϣ˭ûпա
Сӣһֱڲ׾ôᵽӢһͩ񣬰ӢҲǰһȻݣҪ࣬ͬʱҲͬ쾫Ӣ֮ĽԻ
ͩȰӢҪңҲˡ


274  𾪣
иûа취ֻˡͩ̾
һиڰӢ֮£̤ͩս
⣬ʵ˵ܹڼ㣿
ҹҲɣʯһ»شΪͩǰһս֮£ֳʵȷʵǳǿ
֮Уֻаִ˵㣬Ҳֵʵܹ㡣һ¿˵
Ƕˣͩʵ֮ϣûиоǰͬ𣿡Ӣ˵
԰ôһ˵ҲоˡʯӦ˹е
˶һۣһڿˮѵ˵һﲻͻƵ˰ɣ
˶Ǳ²⵽˽
ӣֱǷӡʯһÿ˶ܹʱͻư񣬿ʥ׶εҪԣǶΪÿ˱ʦУʥĻҪڰ׶ζڷĻۡ
Ƕ񼶱ǽ飬ʥ򼶱ۣðȻͻƾ
ӢҲһɳưĳ嶯漴ÿ˵·ͬΪ˺ͩһϸߵͣԼ·
˵ͩרʣ³Ϊʦ⣬˵ҲŻôͻư񡣡²

ͩսڶ㣬һˣ˵ɣңܹͨڶ㡣
һͩӳʽ
߶Ϊһââһš
ֻüһмܵƣâѾûüġ
ڶͨ
ͩӰ˵㡣
ľʵǿںµǿڣһ֮УҲֻаӢһ˴ﵽ߶ȣôȥˣȻˡ
ͩĶ֣Ȼȡʤһɱ˶Է
ͨĲ㡣
Ĳľˣںַ£һŻûܹս
ͩǵһ
ĲĶҪǿö࣬һ͹ͩ
ͩҲ޷ɱ֣нŽ˶Է
ϵ˵㡣
ͩͨĲʱϵͳĴѶԷظһŷš
սµͬʱյ˴Ѷ˲鿴һ¡
ͩһȻز©̾
Ӣʯ˵ıΪеˡ
ӢΪû͸ͩʵޡ
ս˾ţ֮ʵȫսͩʱȴͩһлܣǸʱͩѾ൱ǿˡ
Ľ죬Լԭ̤ͩȴøǿˡ

٣ͩһ̺֮һشޱȡ
ع߸ֵ̺һһ
ͩһɴء
صعߣͬκβֻͩͩʮҾͰ
ͩ˵߹ء
һصعߣɾͲǰôˣһصعĸ֣һѾ񼶱ˡ
Ѿˣͩͨغ͵صϢԽԽʶ͵սһעš
ڵһεʮˣͩľ˶ˡ
Ǿһ𣬺߲ͣѯš
ͩĽѾȫԽǣ׷һһˡκ涫̾һ
սǺŵεһ׼
һţһεˣڵڶ㵽֮䣬Ҫ˶ãһε˶ܹͻƵ㡣
һţһεǶﵽ˵㵽֮䡣һεŶͻƵĲ㡣
һţһεǶͻƵ߲㵽ŲˮƽһεŶͻƵ㡣
ڴ֮ϣһ죬һ졣

ԣܵ˵֮䣬ݬ룬ܹȽϵĻǵһεšһεţʮˣ
ҪĻǿŸ˴Σʮ϶һš
ͩһأȷʵޱȵؾˣͩѾһŵķ롣
ͩͬһԿĽʵ̫ˣͬͬĴͬĵλĳͩ˲ͰԼ˦˺棬Ӱȷʵ̫ˡ
ͨϲͩ˳߹ءλţŬ׷ϡ
һϵͳϢһˣѾǳľˡ
߹ʲôĽޣܹ߹ؾʹͩѾﵽ˳żˡ
ǣȴżûпһ룬ĲǴûа취׷ϣֻˡ
̫ͩ࣬ӢѾ׷ϵ˼ֻˡ
ͩıҲǰǣ˹㷺Ĺע˲ٹϲĹע
߹ͨϲͩ˳ڰ˹أλţŬ
ͩı̫죬ϵͳѶѾپһˣǰѷΧϼ֮С
ͩǺˣȻ˵ڰ˹أϼŶۡ

Ϊܹﵽڰ˹صţŴܹʱͻƵ񼶱һˮ롣ǼţܹһصˣǷǳֵùעͱȽϵĶ
Ϊϡ
Уûͻս߹صˣֵһᡣ
ϵͳϢҲı׼߹֮ǰĴϢǾͬһ֮䣬߹֮ϢͻѴ񻹴ڵļ֮䡣
һΣȻðһİ֣ȻһЩ֮˵Ĺע
Ϣͨ˶ڴ֣ûãͩĻϢڸ֮䴫ˡ
ǰɣһǧˣȻͻ˵߹أ˾ȡ
ֵùע˳ȡ
ʮȲһǧͩ˱Թ
̬һ̬ò˻ˡĽӶʼɡ
˵֮ΰ
ã˵ȾԵԼʶһֽһսڡ
֮Ӧһвͬ
ǧɳʷϣҲǲɶĳšѵһĳš
Ǳߣԭ徲ĸڮͻȻ˲ٿˡ
ôˣʵ


275  ǿ
λ߽˽ĸڮ
飬һˣһõӡ
ƣǲǷһЩ
ϲϲ飬ӿɲˣвǧ˳ɾͣԺ󲻻ƮѪȥ
ιҪôǣǿѰɶףġ
Щһۣ˵ΪҲ֪ʲôģҲգһԷ𣿽챾ˣһ

ͩأβᣬ˼Ƭ̣ͩڰ˹ؽ
߹֮ÿһض൱ѣǶڷ֮աʥƵĵطжԷյƿѾˡ
ͩʥʱľ֮򣬿Ҳľ֮ճ̶ȼȥǰ񾳽ûƣΪԭΪõģһ磬ܹնٷܹնķ򶼿ʵ֡ǰ㹻
֮Ʈ죬ʵ˵
ŻսĴڣԱ׼Էճ̶ȡ
սǰӦ£Ѷ㲻̫
Ǵӵ߲㿪ʼѶȻ𽥼Ӵ
ͩ˵սĵ߲㵽ڶʮӦĶλ񾳽磬λʵĿȾʮ֮ࡣǴӵʮ㿪ʼֻдʮ֮󣬲ӵʵ

ͩǿޱȵشڰˡھź͵ʮ֮󣬵˵ʮһ㡣
ʮһصعߣͩôǿͩΪƾԼʵܹսʤȴԤϡͩܣͩܲ⡣
оֱԼΰϡ
ͩмźشսˡ
һͿӢÿԼ
ͩʶԼһЩͷˣâ¶ɲʲô¡
ͩ㾹Ȼһʮ㣬ֱ̬һ⻰˵ͬŵļˡ
ͩʵ̫̬ˣҪ֪֮ͬеƽˮƽҲսڶѣǿļǿι㡣
ͩһӾʹʮȥһŵܵصĴʱҲûĽǼɶˣΪ˫һεģͩȣ̫ʵˡ
Ӣͩþò̾һǲģ˵һ뿪ս
һͬŷ˸п֮뿪ˡ
ͩҪ뿪ȴ˸סˡ
ͩ
ͩҽ֣ݣǿѰɡΪ֮˿ڵ
ãûµĻ»ȥչáͩ׼˵ͼ˱˴˵ľ룬ڻش
Сӣ㲻Ҫ̫ˣ֣ʦֿǴսʮս񳬼֮һֱ֣ߵһ¶˵
Сӣսû˵ɣֱ֣ߵ˵
ͩ˵ͷȷʵ֪

һ£ݰؿڵɣսִʮ֮Уʮϵĳڣһֻʮ˶ѣ֣ʦ־ڵʮ
ԭĳˣָ֣߲ţ´лᣬСֽһֻڣˡµˡͩ˵뿪ս
ߣǸʮСѣȻš֣ʦֺαطҪһأȲҺСġ
һ˵ͷʾͬ⡣
֣ҡҡͷ˵˲򵥡
ЩѣȻټ֣ʦֵҲܹ
֣ݿڽ͵ֻ˵ٶȵ⣬Ǵ˵Ĵ˽̬ȣ˼Ҳûа㷴Ӧɼ˳ǣꡣᣬԼ·Ӷûγɣǰ;˵պսϣлҲգǻǰصʵɡ
ͩصԼׯ԰˹ܼҿʵִûͻƵ񾳽ж٣Ϊʲôû϶ˣ֮ͩУȷʵûмͬţͻȻᵽʮţѯһ¡
ţصµĻִʮţǶڰսԵûмǣպҲᱻսԲżܼһش
ͩһ˽⵽ŵӴ񼶵ţȫսǺεȵĴֱʣѵϲͲȫû
ϸһ룬ѡǧţսϵȫûҲżʮϰ˲Ŷϲ㣬ϲļԪ֮㲻ʲôеոأ¾͹ȥˡ

ͩûϢգȥþˡ
սþšضܹõĽֻҪȥѡ
սʮŲ֮಻һ
þֻ߹أǿȣ»ϺѴء
ؾ͸ˣֻأؿʿ־ǿһؿ˵ڼͩ˵ʮҪ
ͩȥһ»þţǿȣɴ˵ڶأصʱ򣬾ͱסˡ
þţ˼飬ԻþΪҪΪֻлþ滹깥ǳֲ
ͩһֱͭǮػ꣬û깥Ŀ£һڻþ֮Уͩ˽⵽깥Ŀ¡
깥µľڷֻ͸֮ꡣ
µʿ겢ûﵽںϣһôܿ깥Ϣʤĺܿ¡
ͩᵽ깥ǿͿ¡
ͩҲԼĲ㣬Ǿǿϣ̫ǿֻŵƽˮƽһЩڣΪеŴ˵ء
ͩԪʼ̵ΪģΪֻƪطԼǿȡ
ͩԤƣʣÿͨһʣƪطξͻӦǿҲõһ޴ͩһεǿܹƽˮƽһЩ츳¸ĻΪ֮ͨһϲʣѾõһ
һ˵ǿȳ⣬ž֮⣬ֻһЩطܹıǿȡ
ͩԭǿڶ֮УпܵƽˮƽΪͩˡԪʼ̵ԭ򣬲ŵõ˸ı䡣
νĻԵˣȻԵ˵طҲѵһ֮Ҳд˵طڡ


276  
ͩӻþõβᣬصõһβᣬŹصõĲᣬͩôʮβᡣ
ǣͩȲؿʼչز֮ˮ֮
ͩȴ֪һŹأͷ䶯ˣһֱʮֹעŽͩǧ꣬ȴŹصŶš
ӦģĪһֱڵжԹϵĳʼͩǿš
ϲѾ´˶ͩĸɱҪʱԳǿ߶ͩʵʩɱ
ΪԲֵڶƮѪ
鴦ĸȫͩزͩٺϡ
һͩ뿪ǵıٱҵ٣ǺȻǲ롣
Ȼһͩǲ֪ġ
ĶôȫȻֻ֪ڵͩǵıӻ֮£ǳȫ
ҲûǸɱҰ
ʱƣͩҲˣϾעͩչ˲̫࣬İŴ඼սǵһЩŶʱ˷֮ϡ
һЩ߰ռ֮жͩΪ⣬˶ûȷ̬
ͩһжûᣬһĳ֮С
ʮεĲᣬͩչؿʮأ˳ں˽֮£Լˮ֮£ȫ
ӣͩڶ̤ǣ֮һʱз

񾳽磬ڷƿس̶ȲܵƣԲϵһ磬κһ綼Ҫ졣
ͩŲ߰ٶ֮꣬£˰ɡżԪһꡣͩоʮǧʱȥԼոķ򣬻ںϷ򡣿˵ͩ㹻ʱԼ֮
ۣȻϲɺأֻǿʼˡ
޳з֮ͩ԰ݷʦ
˰ͩӭڮ԰
ͩкãƽʵһĽѧͽͨռɵģȷʡ£Ҳټǰĸڮ
ʦĻѾз·ӸμȥͩȻѾ˸壬Ȼѯʡ
Ŷ벻Ľ֮죬˵ҪľзԼʼпռ䷨򡣲ΪʦҪһ䣬ܹսʮһ𣿡ʵ
ܡͩҡҡͷ˵Ҳ쵽˵һԭʮǰΪз򣬿Ϊʲôʵȴսʮһ㡣
֪ԭڣʵ
Ӳ֪ʦΪһ󡣡ͩʵش
ϲʱõԶŴУӵϵͳָ֮ǴĺôԶ׼ܹôӵĳɾͣ츳֮⣬⴫еҲռһء
ͩɫ䣬صһͷûʲôģϵͳкֲֻ֮Լһˣ֮һֹ޹ؽҪҪĻڷ֮ϡ

ͩѾһʮ·ڵıԵĴôǿ󣬵ڵĸ߶ȣҲȻҪԼѡԼԺĵ·˵
ʦָԽ򡣡̵ͩ
õϵͳĴһôǾǰ·۽翪ݽߡûϵͳУеˣǰڻײײ߲·ٶٿҲޡͺñͰӢӢңʵϣ츳̫ΪĽأΪϵͳĴУӢֻпԼ˵ͣһ£˵
ǷҲбףκηŶǰķţҲվǱ˵ģһĸ߶֮˭ÿһԼ·
֮ͩ˼
֪ķΪҪֳСɡɡԲĸʵǷķûʲôεĻ֣νֻҵʿΪõĲβ֣ͬȻҲΪõĸߵͶΪֲΡ
˵ˣҪҪҪǰ˵߳Լ·Լľѧط˵
ͩˣֲЩԼȻз򣬿ȴһֱûжٽȻף԰ͩЩܹͩô̵ʱڣз򣬻Ƕиһȵԭ
ͩǰģǲһֱǰϱҪҲǿ

彫Ϊͽסнס߽ססʽס۽ÿһַΪСɡɡԲĸΡܹͽͿԴսʮһ㡣нͿԴʮ㡣߽ܹɴڶʮ㡣ܹͿԴﵽΪʦˮ׼Ц
ͩˣԭԼʵ΢Լûзܹѷ֮Ƶ£Լʵͻһӭһĸ߷ڡ
ͩڵˣзѾȫ򣬻ѾʮιˣʣµľȥҲԽں֮ȥռ䷨
һ֮ͩصԼᣬʼһֵıչרУһר֮֮Ҳܹͩ÷֮һ棬ͩʼԼĴУЩܹЩҪһһɡ
ϵͳеĺôһӾ˳ͩ㷨ſԽ۽磬Ȼһȫȡ̣оȻ󿪷Լĵ·
ȻҪγԼĵ·һһϦ֮¡
ͩżͩеʱ䣬Ԫޱȵ
ͩרطʱͩᵽսˣһֵһǳҸ飬ֲս֮ô˾ۼǶǰͩǡûжֶһȫձƣڵͩȴԼĵ·һֵޱȵҪ
ͬʱͩǿʦֵܺ͸֮ϵʱһԴ֮·


277  Լ·ϣ
գۼ߰ʱţͩѾоŰ֮ã˵ͩǵʱռİٷ֮ʮ
߰רУͩڷĽ൱޴󣬿ǶԴطȴǲ⡣
ͩûⷽݣͩҪ̫ߡ
ʿеָľԷ֮Ϊǿط
ֻ֮ķ֮Ϊط׵С
ͩط̥ڡǰ彣ֻ˵ʵڻطֻڵͽĲΡƷ֪ٸ㼶ɹȴͩʹԼط֮ʱȫûʹͣĸоͼĳεطȴܹӵø¡
ϧͩܡӰ̫޷ȫǵӰ죬Ҳ͵ͩʱǻᱻӰ졣
߰ͩڽȴ̫ǿˣʮʽÿһʽӦһһʽںзҲ˵׽ǼԪ֮Զͳ׵ķΧһεĽͩҪȫӰ죬ǳѡ
ܹͩģҲˡ
⼸ӣͩͨ£ҲǰӳȣÿѰ·ƿϣȻ˵޽ٶʵͩҹάô˵߰ͩӡ

ûдͩûֹͣǽٶȻ߰ʱֻһŵͽ׳εͩʵսʮһ㡣
ҲڴˣͩҪǿѡ
ʱͩΪʲôڡԪ屦䡷֮Уһޱȵġֻڸ¼֮Уοˡ
Һãͩķڵմķķûԣûԣƽͣ˳ֻһΪõķţԭʼֱͨӵķš
׷ſЧı֤ÿһ߶ķӰ죬ѡʹԼĵ·
ҲΪԭͩȻܵӰ죬ȴһֱûжʧҲûƫɵֻҪˡӰ죬ҵԼ·ָֻٶȡ
߰ͩûа׹ʵĺʣͩͨʣǿ˽һ־֮еõһĥ˾תԪĽ׹תĵһת
תԾתԪΪһŸһӰͩĽٶȣıʵܼ򵥣ſ˵ÿһϸӸ˵ǿȺɵķޡ
ʲô壬Ϊ츳ͬɵķһޡҪƣֻдһͻƵһ֮չˣȻˡ
Ӵؼʼһֱ񼶣ΪҪֳɾŸһչһ̡
ʣͬȾ֮£һȻƾʹһЩ
תȻӾֱչǺεĹ
ԣڴ¼֮Уһϵˣһ˹ͩľŴηķƶ֮֮
λ񣬳εĽ֮⣬ʵϸҲչһٱ
Ȼˣķޣ洢ÿһϸʵķ洢Ȼ˶죬ܵ˵ֻռ޵İٷ֮һ
һ񣬷ɱתΪ壬ꡢ塢Ϊһʱÿһϸ䣬
λķϣȰһ򱶣ֱȰķǿһٱ
һλӵа򱶰֮
൱µһݣ
Ҳһˡ֮½ϡ⡣
תȴ࣬ȾתԪԪ£ͩİ֮ϿȻǾתȫ֮󣬰ɱ۷Ҳ׾֮¡
Ȼתѣ˵һ˥֮ǰֻתˡ
ͩǧʱҲֻһתÿһתѶȶǼӱ˹ױȵʹ࣬ǳܹ¡
һ£תңܹԽսͬ޵С

ͩ붨һ̾ǲУҵ·ôȥأ䱦쵰ôʶӦ黹ÿԼ
ѵҪõӱܣúõһžôͳһôĶĲȥļأͩ̾ˣˣٶ̫˾ˡ
ˣϢ˵
ͩת
ΧЩ÷ĸѾͷΪﵽվż͹硢ԭвʶ˳ͻƵʥż
͹ؼҽö֪ͩЩһֱؿͿͩ
Ϊڱֺ֧ͿͩͩһֱǳƽͣٶֹͣͩĻеģֻЩϧ˷ǧʱ⡣
ͩҲûгԿԴ洢Ŀռ䣬ˡ㹻ͩ뿪½֮ˡ
үλޣʵһ̺ͩ¡
ڴʱ¥߳ĸӰһʵİɴ˫Ų̣ÿ϶µļȡζζڴ󿪡
ʵջĲǰȫͬζȣǰɴǶҵİ͹µ羰
ͩһӼװԺǰǧɵİǰ
ֻĻòһģһľɫˣһ˸һ裬ӿл£аƣ̤ա
Ҳһ͸İɴȹȹﲻŴƣĵӣʱͩȴһеķա
˵үýǶôһ˫۾һգһգ˵һ߿ͩϣͩ
Сүʰ㡣ͩץסɴһ˺ڵ¶ͩǰɣ˫ͦΣŷ۵ĺ춹Ƕڷ嶥
ͩͷҧסһź춹͵˱£漴ҰɽŰ
ޡ鲻Խ


278  Լ·£
һ̺÷ĸѾͷɫͬɬĿȴǳ̹ͩĿ֮дηǰĽ
ͩ˫ţϸỬָͩ֡
˴ϣҵӵţһ㡣
ЦݣߺؿŶˣᵯãûаͣ٣·ΪڼĶ˰һ㡣
趯Ķ죬ȴߵӰÿӰ貽һ·Ⱥ裬ʤաĿȴһֱû뿪ͩҲӿ𼸷ֿ֮ɫ
ڴʱЦһһ㻬ףӲر֮ҳ䰮ıΪͩһ֮
÷ĸѾͷְ̺ͩţζÿһĲϾƶɣζ
ҪСЩʳģÿһױͨԲ꣬ͩһѾǵҳ㷹ˡ
νɫɲͣүҶǸ߻ඡ̵ͩؼֵ
ͣеãһͩ£ͩ˵ֻҪϲͺãʲôүôǿȴֻǽüˣҵȲϣʽ
Ҳ˹ͩһڻشǣҵ󹬣ʮӴŮûҲһٰʮ۷עҪɾ񣬳ϵΰڡҪûмټ檣³ȥˡǿƺһҲںͩһЩ檣ˣԵúܶ˵ӡ
ƺһֱûиĿڣʹͩͬΪңҲûиı䣬ͩҲɵ

ǾͲԴ𣿡ͩʵ
ô᣿ѵУƶʵĶ񸾲ɣ׵³еı
ؼҽöݺݵؿͩһҲ˵ı顣
֪ͩԼ˵ˣԼǰŮӵļֵۺ˱ߡ
ʵϣͩļ檣ܵǹʽĽһ£ͩŮһιؼңͱĸӲĸͨѾҸԽСͱӣЩǳýΡ
ͩתƻˣ˶ˡͩ˵գʼԸϵļȡ
ͩڳԶȻٱŹ͹ࡣ
һҲ£ʼ
Ҳʾϵİɴ⿪£˫ͩϣදţͩȥ޵İĦ
ͩ¾ͳԹϵĲȡ
ĸ׼ѵҪҽô𣿡һ÷񡢾Ůһ˵
ǣˡŮӦ
Ůеڵ뻮һſͩǰ˵үϷйɡ
Σҡ塢Ҳһ
ͩҲͣһ˹ȥʡ
ЩͩѹȷʵСҪôһйͩҲֲڵĽ״̬
ţرͩӢţÿһŵϱȻżѹЩӴѹΪϽĶҲܻٵһŵȫ
һ˫нܹԦס˫нףѹǱزٵķֻÿŵļѹһеϲȾƣһ켸ҹеĿɱ¾йеѹеĳһõȵȡö֮󲿷űԸ죬аԽӽ

ֻͩԼҼ檻ãƽķйʽٲԸŤĺ֢Ҳ֮
ڶһ磬ͩһȻռʱǰշ½Ϣʱת
ѹͩ͸оԼұһխʪһһ£йɵš
峿ʱ֣ʱ̣ͩɴضӰµĿ˶ǹǹ࣬ӦҪǹɣΪЩ꣬Ϊޣһ̺ͩ
类һгѣתͷһƣԼԴ󹥻š
ţûйô΢΢˫ΣͩĶ
ͩȡѹת˹ȥȻ˴ûоˣһһس磬ܿͳݡ
˵ҾӦѡ·źأͩ£ʵ
Ѹʰӵͩ˿ڵҪżҵķҵүģ侲ú롣Ѹٵѹ飬һ˼·ʵȻѡ̫࣬޷ѡǲ绻һ˼·
һ˼·ͩ૵
ǵġ֮·ظӸ֣ܹҵ·Ҳ˵أشת˫޵ķţԪͨϴͩڣһ󣬸ӴԪͩ˻ڹʩΪ֮£˵ķһᴿ

ͩĻȻԼ̤еʱ򡭡
԰֮·ظһжԸᣬֻи޷ġҵĸķǱʮ֮⣬ڵһ޷Ŷܷ
ͩ뵽ȻԭԼ·֮Ѿѡһķͩ޾ѪƶɣһǧıԼһС
ˣˣˡһҶĿԭҵ·һֱԼƤ£һֱȴûзǴˡְָͩյ˵
ͩվ˫ŹỬ˫Σô˷ܵͦţԶȪȥ
ү̫ܵĳһʱ֮ЩԲĸо˫պΣĻ㱻ͣĽڸǡ
ʵĴθ߷壬ͩͣϢ
Ȫ֮Уǿž̺ͩϴ¡
ͩ˱
ھͩϴԼǧļѾͨɱ𣬶ͨɱˮ׼
ΪͩıһֱͩٶһΪûֻܶһЩЧã˵򡱡ݡȻͨ
ʵϣʮߣÿһ㶼ݻһǿͨط
ڽͨɱ֮ͩѾʮݻӡͨط
ϧͩЩͨط˽ⲻȻܹǿñݷȴ


279  ͨ
ͩЩѾ滻ԭõ鱦ʼȫ滻װɱ˵ͩװ޻սףǵͩռ֮еõġѥӣҲһȥǳ۵ɱԻݡȻԭõĴ˫ҲһƽƵƵʽɱԻն¡˫Ⱥͻ۸ѵõɱװԻȻ򵥵ͼɱװļֵԲеɱ
ͷԻӰӵǿϢжεҪΣֻбͩ߳磬ӵһͷεȼķα
ĿҲһѵõɱԻۡ˱ӵǿķΡ塢ͻƿռ䡢Χɨ
ЩȫǴ䱦˽֮дճģܴͩճһǿеɱװ
ֻϧͩķҪЩеɱҪ¡ʱǴ߶ɱЧãҪķҲֲ֧ˡ
䱦˽֮Уӵвֻһɱսڸ涼ͩõ޻սǿ࣬ͩȴûѡǣΪ޻սЧһǷܹ޵Ĺ֮һЧ̫ۣΪͬ͵ķս׶ƵĹЧֻǸߵͳ̶ȲͬˡķǽΪɫġ
ͩеĵڶЧ޻
ױӡ޻ǣЩ޻ǿ󵽼ĳޡɱʱ򣬱ⷽں֮꣬Դ߷޻

ν޻ʵһֱԴ౦Ĺãͩ޻ս֮е޻һķľǴŴ˱ͩһԴɱ
Դ౦һֻͬʱʹһҸƷʵĲܹͬ洢ķȼҲһ
Դı൱Ϊʲôô˵أ
Ϊ񼶵ĴڣǰĴڣǵӡںϣһս֮ĵ൱塣ԣ޴󣬾ΪսʱĹԽ󣬴Խࡣ
ıԴ౦Բģ൱ڶһһ㡣Ȼܹ洢ıԴ౦ҲɱСͩĸУҲûһԴɱԴе鱦Ѿ޷ٴ洢ͩİòһͨ鱦ΪԴ塱ıԴ鱦
ͩϣ޻ս׼Դ壬൱ͩӵķر޻սףͩͿðһˡ
ɱ֮Ϊɱ̺֮ŵͨҲڵͽȫһֻҪԼʹóȻܹԼӲ߷ǿһЩȻ󲿷ֵɱֻܷŴǿˡ

ͩıͩ϶ȾԴﵽٷ֮٣ָ̺ܹͨͩһȷĵ·ͩο
ͩĵһͨͲ͸ʼڶ㡣
ɹڶ㡣
ɹ㡣
ɹĲ㡣
ͩչʮջʮ겻ʹһͨ
ͩǣĳרŴܵĹ㳡
㳡ʹòѣշȡãֹ㳡޽ٸÿһȽĿƼɣãԷҸһרҵ
ͩһ񾧵ʹ÷ѣһͼԷ㳡
Է㳡Χ¸ǽΧסЩǽȥۣʵ˿ռиûһƿռͲܶκ˺Ҫƿռ䣬ǿ߲пܡ
ֻͼԷ㳡ѡ
¸ǽһƣǲǽκιᱻ˲ǿȺҸ
ͩЩҲǵһˣϤúܡ
ֻ֮ǰԷŲͼεطֶͩȡ
һΣͩǰĲͨΪ֮󣬴һͨͩԼҲ֪ԼһеĲжߣ϶֮ǰԴطҪһЩ
ͩߵ㳡λãָжָָһָ
ʱһǿѹһţͩΪģ磬ǰֳһ乭ͩ˾ŹĹҡ

ָ⴦ٵƣ
ٵϻѹֱΪһɣ˲䷢˳ȥ
գۼڸǽϣһ㲨ƣⲻˮƣǿռ䲨ơ
˺һǽϵĿռ䲨ʧ
ʮԷ㳡Էˡ
ܲⶨȼͽ״ɲΡٶȵȼн׳ΡЧ룺룡̺ľռ䡣ͽԲɳռ䣺ߡ飺ںзȼǿ
ͩصͷ¶˷ܵЦݡ
ܺãһΪǡ֮ͨһʽ
ŰĿޣǵͽ׳εҲͼĻɫͩĸֶ߰ûȡ
һֻͩ˶ʮʱʹһŵͽԲε
ʲô
ͩԷѾﵽԲˮ׼ͩɴսʮĲ㡣
Ҳ˵ʱͩڷϣѾˡңںϷȻ˵ͩںϵĿռ䷨ֻеһֿռ¡ͩҲȷʵһ
Ҫǣͩ߳ˡӰ죬Լĵ·
Ȼ˵ͩ·Ÿո𲽣ϾһܺõĿʼ
ͩһʽǣٶȣΪͩٸߣ򲻵ˣǾǰ׷ԣͩһʽͨصͻʽٶȣΪۣ֮ڣԴ͸ռ䣬˲伴УһǿԶ̾ѻͨ
ȻսʱͬЧмܡ
ڹ⣬ȷʵͨӲˡͩȴ⣬Ϊͩװ˲ֻһȣնµļӳ֮£ͽ״ɲεĹԿͼԲΡ
Ҫˣͩһ߷ͨһСաںһ֮£乥ܹн׳Ρ
нķ룬ͩĹȻ᳤Σƿֲ
ͨںϣȥǶôĲ˼飬ʵϣǱ֮


280  ߾ͣս
ͩͨǲͨģͩı֮ȫûгͻȻͬʱʹںһ
ͩӳصᣬҪһαչأһмǸơһֻǳˣԶԶûдﵽԲʵսĳ̶ȣҪƵĵط̫ˡ
˵ֵٶȡĽǶȡ۵øʵܹһдﵽ˲ĳ̶ȡ
ԣͩһѺҪæ
ʱ򣬽ռͩţͩȥһˡ
ռ䣬ͩס˽
ʦͩؼ
˵ɡֱָߵһλ˵
ͩûж˵ʲô
֪ΪʦΪڰ΢Ц˵
ѧ֪ʦɻ󡣡ͩ˵
߾սȫͣսˣԭٹ꣬Ҳսڱ߾ͣսһͣꡣԣսĿˡƽ˵
߾ͣսôܣͩȵŴ󳬼ı߾ûƽսǧսսȵս궼иʿ໥սоʽĴҰսСʽɱŶӣҲĶԡ
Ƶսϵͳսһϵͳ෽֮Ԫô˵ͣսͣս
ҪͣսҲҪǱϰʹˣҲͣսɣ

ϣûʲôǾԲܵģ²Ҫ˵̫ˡƲƲӿڵ
ͩˣ׵ص˵ͷ
ʵ鵹м⣬ԪԵ֮Ҳ֪ʱʼĴ󱦾Ĵ󱦾ҵʿܹлþ޴ĺô鱦ɱϧϣ˵ӦоСĴ󱦾֮Уؾһټ꿪һΣÿοʱΪǧꡣؾΨһһܾؾıȴı١лд鱦ɱȺǲļأؾ֮õɱߴõϵɱԣÿĴ󱦾֮ʱ֮ͻǳĬͣսǩЭ飬һζݵĺƽӡ˵
ͩһԾӣʵֱƵؾ𣿡
֮治Уʲôֵģ˵һؾȻǰʮ꿪㣬ؾ֮ʱԣ߾ǱȻǰͣսˣ嶼Ϊؾ׼лսϵź͸İš
֮ͩѿ˵ⲻ൱ڻսսӱ߾Ƶؾ֮Уûж
ˣģؾ֮УΪҲǰ񣬳񣬾ûа취ؾԡ˵ͣһ¡
ͩϵؽӿڵԣһ̱Ѹٻҵĺûᰡͩںǳеӣʵϣͷϻһء
پԪˣ٣ȻǸǿռ١̽١

Ԫͩټ鱦ӲŹȥġ
ǻ̽鱦ǾԲܳŵùȥģҪ׼ټɱпܡ
ͩңɱҲͼʮȥʮɱֱͲһĺʵϣЩɱûһϵȼġԴͨɱֵ̽ǿ϶ġ
ͩҲΪͷۣͩһǧ꣬Ԫ೤㹻ʱȥ취ǲżͩԭĴ㣬ʵҲ߼ɱԼͨɱĻֻԼˡ
Ʒɱڿռ佻ƽ̨Ϻ٣൱٣ûͨ
ɱĲϣռ佻ƽ̨ȴһҲ١
һξȻ˵ײؾҲһ֮ǵ;
ؾڿʮ֮ûж𣬷ܹͩһš
϶ԣͩϣʮٿǸʱԼʵȻڸǿؾȻӵӦ֣Ӧ硣
ȻڵԼͩԲСӢۣһؾɲһ֮£Ⱥشʢ䡣
°ΣͩҲ˵Լľ޵ˡ
֮УвŵʵԲԼ֮¡
һνؾұȻ׼ͩΪװƻ˶
һν˸֮⣬֪ͨ㣬һθţӶᣬ߿Ƽ˾ˡᱻٻΪرޡСܹǶ꣬ϣúáչǳ֮ǰȺóһɱѡ˵
Ŷͩ۾һؽг

Ҫ˵̫ˣȺһͶʣǴؾų֮Ҫ˫ġͩĻ롣
ŶͩƵؽе
漴ͩͱĴֱʸˡ󳬼ʮŻҲ֮ڰɣ
˵Ҫóɱװһţ
ɱ¶ͨɱͩȫõУǻ̽Ҳô¶ɵֵˡ
ߣȥΪʦ֪´óΪʦʶһվȥһ߿ڶͩ˵
ǣʦͩе
ͩɲɵԼطҪƣԼȵʦָ㣿
һָԼǾɼ졣
һ˵ĽѧʽȽϿţѧһҪôôǸѧָһ·ǽһЩƿؿȻѧôȥɷӣĽѧص˷Ľϡ
ʵΣΪΣһд֮֮
һһĽѧרָͩһСǡ
ͩͨϵʵսٸݽָ㣬һһƸĽһСǡ
֪䣬ʮʱһζ
ͩڽָ֮£ˡǡһС
ʮŬȻûͨĹȴ˳ٶȡǼ׼ȷԡٶȸ죬ʵٶּӿһЩȥ˶Ķͷת


281  
ͩʮͣʵսʵս֮УʮʱԼͨ
ǣͽԲεĹں˿ռºľ֮򣬶ڷҲȷʵﵽԲԷӳһ
Ҳָͩ˼ǵĳɳҲձһǾںϸ
ںϷ򣬱ǼԪ֮Ҳеһɵ·߻·ߣ;ͬ顣
Ȼ·ÿһ߽ʿ֪ģʲôܣܹȴǼ
߾ͣս͡սѵõĶݺƽʱڣ߾ս¡
ؾĿлľ󲿷š
ǰʮŶеǡӢͩͬǡҲؾȻǲǰ񼶵̽ԱؾΧѰҼƷ鱦ͲϣҲÿջ񲻷ơ
ʮֵ֡
һ죬ͩѵõسţѰǵΨһľ¥
¥ǳĳλʿ裬רǿٳֳΪûˣʵ֮⣬ŷǳݳ޵
ΪҪݵ㣬ʱĿ޻סܣԵ÷ǳӣżǻһЩŷŷ磬Ѿһۡ
оӡֻ֮µĲңҲǽӽŵĽ䣬ռصǲС

Ȼˣо֮Ҳжôغװͻ֮磬лþܹģ֮еĸ
оûжķԱõԿƣȫԶ񡣷ĶһЩƷƣʣµľһЩϾĸʳ
Щʳɾͨҩ֮ʳģʳ֮ԹΪϴ꣬ɼ
ȻշȻޱȵظ߰
㼸С˺;ˮǼͨ鱦ļֵ
Ƶ֮У񾧣ֻ鱦ġ
֪ͩоӱվһӴ漯ţɵ鱦
Ҫ˵֮Уı࣬Īˡ
סǵÿһĴǿߣޱȷ
ͩһԼӢľ׵һЩ˾ۻᡣ
ͨŴѡţӶᵥţѡαϾһ죬֮УҲ⵮һЩž֮
ֻҪǽﶼܷ⣬Ӷ鲼཮ӶǱ鲼棬зһЩŲʲô¡
ʵϣƽľ׵˰ͩڣӶ䷢ţֻãĴѡʱڡ
ͩΪ˼ңȻǵһ
Ȼ˵оȫԶԿƣⲢоһҲûС
оӻһƹ˵أƹǾˣһһλǿߣ˵λʴ˵ū͡
òֻòϸԿ˫ⳤ

Լƹ񿴵ͩ˹Ͻӭ˹ȥ˵ͩԤİѾ׼ˣһвƷˮҲͬԤˣʱϲˡ
Լ̬Ȳ֮л͸һɹͩǻЩʦݸȻӵĶĿһͩǮȻ߼ϯƹȻҶͻʧ
ܺãһͿϯͩ΢Ц˵
ʱӢľסƽЯֶ
֣ͩ˼ҵˡ˫ֱȭ
٣٣ûϯʱ䡣ͩЦǺǵػ
겻ͩΪԶ֮ϣʵǾˣҪ˶ãսϱȻֵͩĴ̾ǧʱѣȴһ˷֮С
ѽһŵͷ˵
λ˵ﻰҲһʱȲʲôͩ˵⻰Ҳʵ
ڳĶһЩŵţҲԺԼΪԲͩѣҪͻƣʱͻơǹѹΪ۶ѡ
˶ʱϯһλǣԶ˹
ʦ֣ͩϽӭȥ
ͩѾ׷ʦඡЩ꣬Ȼڱ߾սҲ˵СӵĴ˵۵ֶͣ䡣СӣûսȴѾˡˬʵЦ

Ŷǻ֪ͩѾôˡľֱӣؽе
⼸λǣʶӢľ׵ˡ
⼸λСͬʱڱѡеţλҵͬţӢ⼸λֱǣľסƽ
ʦ֡ڳ֮ȻʦУɱϾӶᣬʦֵܷǳ
λǽȥİɡͩΪ˼ңк
վſڣȴű˵⣬ע⡣ǵӴ˲١
ףⲻ𣿡ȻԶһ
ͩѰȥһ֮ĽֵսǴꡣ
üͷͩ˿ڵ˼ҵһͷܻܿ鷳
ͩ˿˹ȥ֮Уͩʶһͩȴʶġ˲Ǳˣǵѡʱһ
Ҳϳͩˣϣ¶һ˿Цݡֻһ˿ЦݲϸĿ
þò벻㻹šޱк
ӴӴӴ㲻Ҫôǧ֮ô˵ҲսΪ꣬ϴḡЦݣһͣذڶţ˾ͺ񷲽ϵĵƦåһ
ֻӢˣ˭ҲСһܹ꣬һսѣݻö
սѣĳңսѣԼò𣿡һ˵漴ڳ˵λԺҪСĴˣսթ飬ֻҪ棬ԼҲҲ֪жϣҳսʲôҲΪһϵ鱦սƷ˸
ôܣս֮ϣǻսϵͳն˽оȷϺȷͬӪ֮ǲ໥ģﰡֵشʵѧԨԴ˵սϵͳ


282  
ûоԣҲܹΪؾͣս˵սϵͳ©ˡ˵жӪĸ֣й¶ٻǱʹӣԡԣԺսǸžߣʵ֮󣬵˶Сش
ͩһڲҲܽˣѧһЩսʶ
ͩ֡Ӣ֣֡ϴЦЦıк
ͩʦܣǽһ¡۾һͩĴжˣΪƮѪڶĳţͨǰеرһеɱҪͩС
ͨҪΪ֮ģֻǿϧ߲ͩӻ˵ˣʹҲҶ֣Ͼﲻ˵ġ
ǣĲУֶ
Ҿͩͩվ˳˵
ԭǸųƮѪڶͩȥҲôһһֱûпڵĺ꿪˵
ͩΪѪ㣬սЩҴǳĺսӣھصʱ춼սƷӣÿһܵ˶衣ҪǴ˱һͬ棬ִǰ֮еĸ֡ѪЦʣ˵ս֮ŵǿ֮һҪСĴˣرҪСͩѵԱѪҪΣյö࣬ΪѪȻƷΥһЩɡ

ǣĴ䣬Ѫͳս
ͩҪսȨֻܾǴӴԺ󣬼Ҿ͵ƵߡҲҪ㷢ʲô
ͩˣֻѾһۣ໥һؾ鱨벻ȻϽ¡
ֱͩӾûκα̬·Ѫ㵱͸Ŀһ㡣
Ѫ㣬ˣ˼ҸһסЦ
ͩǺųһţôͷڹһ㲻죿ڿ׼ʱԼǰأǿǣ
ͩתһۣ˵ֵľ罵ˡͩῴǹ߳ͻԼ
ͩҲ֪ͩһϵʮ֮м϶
Ȼ˵ӵһǰӢߵʮȴͩ
ͩĻӢ˶ˡ
ɫ࣬ȴ÷ΪȷܵͩԼĲʵ̫ˣŬУҲֻǴս㣬Ϊͣʥ򾳽硣ͩ˿Ѿ˵ʮ㣬Ϊǰ񾳽硣۴ķԼͩࡣ
ڶͩѾ˼ɶʼӳ޵ĳ̶ȡΪʲôͩҪϻʵȴװûʵ
ЩͩĽٶȳˣͬһ֮УǸڵ͵Ĳ֮䣬ͩȴһ˵ʮ㣬ĳɼʵ̫ˡ
ܲƾʲôͩʵǵ˷񣬶ԼȴѾûκνչ

ǿҵļɶʼǿѹѾԭܵӰƫơ
ӢͶľ׿ϵĲм顣룬б¾ԼͩսȻʹּ
ѪҲɵӣתͷһۣ˵г𣿡
ûУֻǿİȻϣֻԵԼС
ٷϻͩǴǲ򣿡Ѫؽ
ǲ˽ҿɲ뱻ץͩ˵
кѣȥԷ㳡һѪЦ㲻ҿԾܾҵģֻҪӦҵҲΪġ
ͩҲЩ΢ŭѪǲ֪ô
ãȻŰҾͳȫ㡣ͩ˵
ȰͩҪ嶯ѪʵɲǴսʮһĸ֡¼ǰļ¼û֪ʵߡǣܹս漸꣬Բ򵥡
ͩĻҲ˼־裬˵ʵĺǿܵġͩûȥս֪ս漸жѣΪÿ˶Լһӵĵһεı
ԣܹս漸ˣǸҲɱɸ֡
ͩгɣҲһԼʵжǿˡ
ãˬ죬ȥԷ㳡ôϵķϣһġѪˡ
ͩӦⳡԣҲǳ嶯֮٣ѪʵǿͩԼʵ㲻ʤԱࡣ
Լƹϯȷţҵʤ֮Դף֮ͩǰȻӵƹ˵
ǡˣһЦ

Է㳡ȷʵԵʿԳʹãϾʵսҲһԷõԷ
Ҳʵսͩʮͩʵս鲢
˳˳ǣ⣬һԷ㳡
߽ͩ˳룬˵ɡ˵꣬óòõĴ۱˰¡ɱóҲǴСá
ףе鱦ıѪҲվͩ棬ͩеĽֿͩϵɫۣ¶һ˿ȡϵ鱦Сӣ㾹Ȼô߼ķս£
ѵûи㣬ʦ𣿡ͩ˵
ʦѪһתͷаŭɶǻ쵰ô˵
ʦݻ˵ݶ൱ߵģ˭ҲܵһλʦϺܴ鷳
ѪЩбɵӡ
ֻҪ볡ԣһ㣬ܿһ
ѪƽȴǲͣطƣڿԼӮˣҲ̫ݣʺܾܿͱˡ
ҲͩĻ˵ıҲǸ졣
治֪ͩȻΪʦˣ漴ļɶʺԹּˣɶҲǵһţͩôܳң
ˣɡͩ΢ЦʦݹȻ
̧ͩһ̳û˿飺Уǡ
Ӱֵһɲǣһӽ
Ѫղһ֣гһе鱦ľŻ䵶Ҫмܡ
ͩѾ塣
죬ʵ̫ˣ쵽ѪȫûзӦʱ䡣
ҪмҲû취
ѪĻ˲䶴˷֣Ѫ㡣ѪϵսҲһЩͨ鱦ķս£ܹͩĴ۱
ֻңʣµ߳Ѫϡ
ѪֻñǿײУһʹ漴һһѪ˳˱ǿײõɶ
ɳʮףصˤڵϡ


283  
Ѫ㵹֮ҪǲôŬҲֻǿ޷
ڳ˾ȵؿһУŵؿǰ顣
֮󣬸ǿҪˣôôǿͩȻֱǿˣȥԶҲ׷
⣬ôܣѪԼҲţԼȻһлܡѪҲûаܹ෴ܹΣҲвٴαһлܵҲҪ󰡣ǰֻͩһ˶ѣжãԼ˶ã
ôһ룬Ѫ벻ҲѰҲ̫˵ˡ
ͩת˻ȥѪ̫ˣͩһȤҲûС
ġЦʱбԱߵһۣһƵӡ
ãͩġľסкõ
һİӢһĬƽҲ¶ЦݣȻҲΪͩˡ֮⣬˵Ҳм𾪡
ͩĽ̶ǧ겻ͩʵȻﵽӵĳ̶ȡ
Ѫ㱻̼߳ŭԱܣԲ԰һֻһǧСһϣ
ѪŭȫԪȼͻȻӵֱ־һ¡
һۿɼĵΪһͷͻͩ
Сģ󣡡
ͩ
С͵Ϯһżشе
ͩ粽䣬ѧ᲻õسɴͨʩչ˲ƽһɾ롣
سɴ֮ͩôϤ˵һſռȻֻиãȴǳ棬£ǧ֮ңһ֮ࡣ
ֻͩõòôʱʱģս֮УһܹóҲ㳬ˮƽˡ

ͩرܹ͵Ϯ漴תһȭ
Ѫҽһ֮һȭ޷ܣӲһαѪʮףصˤڵϣһҲˡ
˹Ѫߣ鿴һƣɵõһΪѪʵ̫أڸܵشǰΪ֧ţˡ
ͩһȭһû֣ȻûʲôطҲǰ֮ȭȵͽ׵ͼ
ͩд裬㾹Ȼ֣Ǻξģԥؾ͸ͩһñӡ
ҲͬʱϵͩߣĻ֮󣬲ɵߡ
ǷֱǴҶԷ㳡ܵߵڰ׵ĵط˵
ɫһͣɵñ죬ѺĻ̽˶漴Է㳡һܹԼأ﷢һж¼ڹ֮УҪͩһڹҲ첻
Ȼۣһ˱͵Ϯһߵڰףʵ١ӢӵسϾͬʦֵܣӢվͩߵġ
һԸ׹䣬߹˲ݡľһ˵
ˣɵŭӶľףȴҲ˵
ˣûˣһûԷءͩ˿˵ȥȴ˻
ţˣĳǸʧ̬
ܹͩһдѪ㣬ҲɶʣȻͩĿһ̲ססͩ

ôͩҲһۣ֮еӸǺΡ
ˣޱ飬ȴŭڣʱжֵĳ嶯漴뵽ԼʵҲ߹ѪһߣѪ㲻ѣȴɴѪ㡣һϷͩʵҪ߳һսҲӮ١
ͩˡؾҲҵֵ֮ͩʵбܴһãʱְͩһˡһת˵
Ǻǣ˰ɣҿɲ뱻˸ˡͩЦһ˵ֵλǻȥɡ
αһת뿪˴˵أһϸ΢˭ġ
Ȼ˿ˣ뿪Է㳡
Ȼӵİ
һΧһĵغȾƳš
Ҳûж̸֮ǰǳϷıԣҲûȥ̽ͩʵֱӰѻתؾϡ
λҲ֪ˣ󣬾ؾʱǸʱҪԵľȺûоԵѣֻоԵ棬ĸӹҲΡǸʱ򣬱ȻᱬһƾԱս֮ϻҪΣһЩؾ֮УΪҲͰ񼶱һϣսҪ΢һЩ˵Ϊ֮УֻһϹսʸۡ
֪Ϣֻ֪࣬ؾΪĸΧΧ򡢺Լ澳澳ȻջԽ󡣾ģҲ֪ˡ˵û˵ʲô
֪ʦ˵ΧֻһЩϵ鱦ٳɱıΧΧıȼһԴơ
˷׷׽Լ֪鱨Դﵽ̶ȵϢƿء

ʱڽŵıչغͲ֮£ҴҶ
ͩĴͩƾһУɴսʮĲ㣬ŵϲΣ˲߲ע⡣ͬʱǧ鱦һβᣬϴãһβᣬͩǲ͸˿ռ䷨Ĵ֮һĿռŲ¡
ռ䷨ɲлֻĴ£ÿһоֱ仯ռ䷨ķ񱮹ʮһ棬һʮ渱ÿʮһֿռ¡һ£ֱ仯
ˣܹһֿռ±仯Ѿѵõˡ
Ӣǧ꣬Դרעڿռ䷨Ҳ±仯
ռ䷨Ĳżһţ̫ѣż˵в棬ô
ڶżͬһµľֱ仯֮ںϾֱ仯żѶ൱޴󣬲ڵһŻ
ΪͩĽٶ൱޴Ϊһŷˡ
֮Унǧ˵ķδսʮ£սʮ㣬ľĲΡ
Ȼ˵ͷζԣս߲ǳżȻʧܵĿܣҪ١ﵽսʮ㼶ʿɹٵļǰٷ֮١
żĴµںϣżѾ󲿷ֶżϣǧѵô
ԣռ䷨Ĳ൱ѡ


284  ѡɱ
Ȼڣĳһ֮ڡ˾һ̸ʲôĻȻܹʶ֮еļλһЩš
ѪҲУȦĵλȴߡ
ŭ컢ѪЦʡ绨ͯӡĪ˶ǰսϴĴ
Ѫ֣ôõ˰ǽгֻǳһٺõô򵥰ɣ컢޳һߴԴȣһ߿ʵ
컢ˣͷɢһҰװ磬ᣬһͺͷԼ򵥣֫ļһʵϣһλͷһҲ򵥣սǳǿӲ
ûдѪЦʣ㲻ô󷽣һǰɣ绨ͯӽе
绨ͯӣ٪壬ǹ湦ȥֻʮңóӵ֮ͨ׷뷴׷٣һʦ
յɱѡɣʲôģ˵ÿһöáĪһҲǣΪɱֲܶá
ѪЦ¶һ˿Ц˵Ҫ¡
£ʵ
ǸðСӣӦö˵ɣѪЦʿ˵
˵ôг𣿡˻شͩĴЩ껹ΪģΪսʮĲ㣬ʵʸѪЦ˼ʮʸᲢ۵ġ
ѪЦ֪Ѫ㱻ͩҲ޷
ߣֻǿŰˡѪЦһ˵
ˣǰ˵Ѫ־˵˰ɡ绨ͯЦǺǵ˵
ؾڼﲻսϵͳءͩǰЩѪңܷŹ˻һʦұȻ񡣡ѪЦʿ˵

ѪֹȻһҲû䡣ĪЦ
ѪЦʴˣս֮ϺųΪս֮ϣΪС֮ҲŹϾɱ൱Բ̣رͨŰɱҪ֪ս֮ϣһǱԱԽҶΪʵǺܴĵ֣ŻоáЩС֮ɱҲûоսϵĸָмΪ֮
ҪˣͲѪЦˡ컢ӿڵ
η֣绨ͯǸɴֱ࣬ȡġ
һʦλĻǿɲðΪû˸ұ֤ܹһʧһй¶ֺٸҲȻֻˡ
ǣؾ֮УһдϢ񣬼ֱɱԽľѳأʲôУ
˵ɾѣѾڳɾһǿһʮϡҪۣҪУֻҪ棬ûʲô
Ǽɱƽ֡ǼɱͿҵ˭Ĺ󡣲ȡɱ֮󣬾Ͳٷ鱦ΣѪЦ˵
ãô졣Ӧ˶ףֻ£ǣνΪһɱ
Ѫһˣɵ¶Цݣаͩһ㻹
ѪЦҲΣ̫ͩ죬һӴӵʮһ㣬׵ʮĲ㣬ʵ򲻹ҪܣѪЦҲסȻι˰æٷأ

ͩԴ˲֪飬֪ѾΪеˡ
ʱոճأ׼ǰȥѵӪĹ㳡ȡɱȻ׼ǰؾˡ
㳡ʱĹ㳡Ѿɽ˺ڰ񾳽Ż϶ˡ
Ȼվò룬㳡֮ȴʮְû˴
ƵһϤɫۣվ̨ǰһԼʱ֮ſ˵ܺãǶˣڸɡ
Ƶͷǰ죬һţں档
˹˵ͩһѡɱ˵Щ֮еļ˷˼١
Ͼɱּıǰ񼶱˵һܹһϵ鱦ʮ˲ˡ
ɱͨɱҲֻĸֲӵеıвɢһɱ̲ء
ܹõһɱĸԵϲĸɱǰ׸ģ˱ֻ֮ҪŴͱûɱȺȻãʲôҲûеõ͵ýӵеɱͬʱǷȺһɱȻҲԲɱôͻǷȺɱ
ʵҲɱծȺֵͬȵľ
һеƶȶ൱ƣû˿ռˣȻܵȺıӻӵһȨⲻǷȺծġ
ͩϵɱװݣȴһɱ
ͩӵ䱦Ǯõ౦ҷ񣬾ȻҲһɱɼɱˡ

ͩΪܹѰһɱ
ɱͩʹҲҷŶԡ
ȻսʮĲ֮İ񣬶ʵŶԣԲǰܱȵģǴ󾳽Ĳ࣬Ƿطֲġֻпס򣬲ܷſֽš
ͩ걻ϮɱԽס˶ԷƬ̣ͩľܲˡ
ԣͩʮҲ˵ֱܹ񡣵Ȼͽ׵ʵսʮĲ㣬ǿ϶κβͩġ
Ƶ̤븮У߹ȣһǰ
ŴλߴޣΪ֮ˡ
Ƶǰ˵λʴˣǳЩڡ
λеһ۾һ޵ѹɢ
һűѹȵЩͩͬҲ⣬ֻоһϢѹϣʮܡѹһţʧӰ١
ͩҲ벻ŵľȻʴܡ
ʲôʣ
λ֮䣬Ҳλλλ֮Ĵܡ
ǿ޵Уݡ
۷壬ʵȴһ۷ǿö࣬ʲųΪʣ
ͩԼʦǿߣ֮ǿ߻Ҫϡ٣λ
֮ˣΪ飬ǲֵģʱʵĴھ൱Ҫˡ
˵ս֮ϣ۳֣Ǽֱȫ濪սˣԭȫ濪ս治
ȴսϴ֣ΪʵľڱȻλ
ȥɡλʴš


285  ƾֶ
ƵĴ֮£˽˱һ뱦֮󣬷·֮У˸΢ǳ
ǳڲռ䣬˵һֱǳÿһǳһɱǶ߲رڴ˵أǸѰԵһ֣ÿһһ֣ͻᱻͳƵ˵ǳ֮УԴ򡢷ӡȸɱУ濴ȻֻƾԼĻԵˡ
ͩˣɵô󾪣Ϊǳʵڲ٣Ҳʮ֮ࡣ
Ȼ֮һǲƴְͩ̾
ڿʼȥԼѰԼĻԵƾֶαǣԽᣬԸƵ
ͩˣԭ潻ְǳǣͨɱʲôģ
ţпܣһǳͬʱϵУȻⲻһᡣ
ͩһˣСֿУްͩߣԶɶݶȥ
ͩ˵ͷӦ֪ˡ
ͩһɫݹ⣬ţͬҲڹ۲ܵǳԱЩǳ֮Ĳ֮ͬ
ź۲һ֮ûзκβ֮ͬÿǳ࣬ûĸرͻ
ʵϣͩı󶯵ţв١ʱƣЩڹţȻֻײˡ
Ǵ˵һɱһģûִһҪһ͵ɱ˵ˣɱֻͲͬһҲԡ

ͩһͩȱɱٲȱͨ͵ͨɱͩȱɱͩŻ⡣
ڿֻײˡ
ͩ˸׼һǳ˹ȥ
ۿȥƺԶʵʾȴͩСʱûе
ʱԽԽõﱻͳǳ
ǳҲԽԽ٣ýɱѡòˣͩѡһԶǳ
ͩҪӽĿʱ򣬺Ȼռ䷢˱仯дżʮǳȻƶǷɳۡ
ЩǷɳ۵ٶȲһ
ôĶһŵע⡣
Ҫ˷ϻеŶԼ׷ȥ
Ȼ֪ЩǻͻȻ֣Կ϶ǣЩǵĳ֣ɱȻܱ֮һƷһǳҪõöɣ
ͩǵĺȻ֣ʶΪЩǺö
ȻαʶҪ벽ķһǷȥ
ǺܲɵǣмӰҲڳ׷
ͩΪӷ˵Ǽͩģͩڳȥûͩڡ׷ǣͩڡӭǣȻͩһӽǡ
룡ӰԼͬسֹͩ
ͩһ˦ּ䣬Ǽǣɵס˶ԷĹطûɢֱԴͷȥ

ɶ񣬶ңٽǱصסͩطٶȴǽۿǣһŭҵòҲõ
ٽҲʸľӢţжʮ꣬ʮǰѾսʮĲ㣬ֻЩһԴֻǻ۸һֶѡ
ٽܻȻһ㣬־óһϵ鱦ķɽҲ֪ʩչ˺üԶ֮£Ȼܹʹɽ˲Ϣ乥ͩǰ
֣ٽһ⡣
ɽȻһΪߣֱͩ·ߴѨ൱ڴ˲ΥѨûѨУֻ߱Ȼս
ٽһˣļҲ׼ᣬʩŵطеֱϮͩеĻΪһŴҪסǣеһֻԪ֣ץǡ
ǰɹͨ
ͩЦһЩȴᵡֺ޻ս׸֣֮껯Ϊһŷͼǰ
߱ɽԲϣȵþҲ޷ƿͼ
ڴͬʱͩкΪ鱦Ϊǿһּر鱦
ϧǵĹ޷κε޻֮ͼ
ͩһ躹ޣ½ǰ¶ʹǵѪԵʱóҲֻǰõĴ۱ûóǿն¡
һͩһҲóɱס
ȻͩϣЩ֮ˣЩ˵ʵԼ֮£ҲһЩ˵ʵԼ֮£ΣǵĹڶʱڶ޷޻µǿͼ
ǳᣬͩžǵĹǰһסǿǡ
˵ǣʵһֱһ׵ĹѣȥȻͩ˹򣬻ϸֻúȻǰתǰһͳǳ档
ٽܵؿŶԷʧɵͬɶǻ쵰
֮Ҳ޿κΣֻתѰĿˡ

ڣ˭Ҳ֪װʲôԿ϶ǣӦöͨɱıܸ߹
ԣٽܵ˵ҲûԹ̫࣬ԭᱦǸƾֶΣ˼һҲû취
ͩͳ֮󣬵һʱеĹ
Ƶվ棬˵еĹһʱ֮ʧǸʱͿȻȡñȻڴ֮ǰҲǰûĻǿɢ˰ɡ
ͩ⻰֮󣬲ŷԭŵ˲ֻ࣬߰˰ң֮ǰͳˣ
Ѿмлȥˡ
ͩҲȺ뿪ˡ
صԼ֮ͩȡеĹһ󣬾Ȼ˿Ӳޱȡһ£ȡնµתԪһնȥ
ᡪӦơ
¶öСɫԲ顣
ͩɻǣһʱ֮䣬Ȼ֮
ͩ䱦λרңʵʲôҲɱ
ͩҲǵһνӴɱͨɱͩ͹ʵĽ׶Ρ˱Ĵ󲿷õɱϲ˷ܡͩǸʱڣ
ףⲻҲϡˣǺö䱦Ȼʶ㣬ﻹϱУȻһ۾˳
Ϊ򣬸Һųɣ˱Ȼǳɣͩʵ


286  ؾ
Ȼһʹõɱɱ汾סһŪһ۷Ҳֱâ˵䱦ش
֮ͩȷʵЩȣΪ׼Լмֲ²⣬Ҳûбֵ̫¶ǡ
֮ĸ˺˷ȴûѹ֡
Ҳ˵˴൱Σ֮ʣµĴڣͨɱˣͩЦ˵
׼ȷ˵ֻɱĿꡣãһȺΧǾϵùˡ䱦ѵ
ͩ⻰Ѹ侲ȷʵˣʹ飬Ҳ̫š治֪жҪԼСԼЩâ¶з磬Ҳ֪е˶ˣж˿Լ˳ۡ
飬򵥣㣬ֻͩʮ˼鱻ͩһžʹãǱҪ֮ʱǲᶯõġ
ȻԶҲᶯǡ
ʮؾڿˣ棬磬Ⱥʵ嶼֯˴ӿؾ
ʱȥģһЩСŴ֮УµǿȺǿؾһڡ
ؾڣǷһڶ֮УдСڶǧ֮ǷһǳΪǧڶ
ʵϣͨؾڣÿһټ꣬Щڶͻؾͨγɿռͨ
ҪȥÿסڶĿѹС
ͩ׼̳Ϊͩӽ֪ؾ֮ǰڲʲôõıһ㶼һЩͨ鱦е鱦ˡ
ȻͩЩ˿ϣ壬ò鱦ʿȥˣĳڣò鱦ʿͬʤ

ؾһɵģһɱкڲŻȻҲ⣬еʿãһȥͼɱҲǲܡ
ͬʱ֮ǰ֮û̫Ķֻ֮ʱΧضرɫ죬硣
ϣЩΪס졢ȡơ̡ࡢϡɫâ
ɫһ㶼ͨ鱦ֵķΧ
ɫе鱦ı⣬ַΧӦ
Դƣɫâɱ⶯Ȼ
ɫâֻؾһңĴؾıǰֵġ
ȻؾɫϵıΪ̫ʵˡ
ܵ˵ؾ鱦ࡣ
ʱһΣؾһˣ֮ת˲£һõʲôʲôʲôʲôʵ֮Ϣʤ
ǣ󳬼ľӢǣȴǵϢ
ͩ˿̶һ˳ڳռ֮зš
ҵͩһϢרעؿţ÷һ̺š
ү̵ڣһֱڿʲôأʵ֮УҲֻҿʡ
ͨͰ񵥣һνؾѰɱ֮⣬ؼľŰϵľ޶ˡ˵ʵڻͽҶĶͩڸ̾

ʵľӢţòسսȵȷϸܣնУŰϿԿó鱨ϵͳ൱ġ
һλġͨҲǼֵǧȺֵ
ͩȻ䷢֣ԭɱЩһõĺôһһսҪߵöࡣ
Ȼƽʱ򣬺ʹսϣҲΪЩһٲеһֱ͹ڸԵĴӪ֮С
ͺͩһһֱţǳˣҲͷ棬¶ɫ
ûĸǻɵôı¶Լ١
˵ͩǴĵطȥؾ;ͻϼٴÿһζԲλϡ
ͩ˼ˣǱ
ͣ൱ֲɱͩˣֱӵõһϵɱѡ
ͣҲᶯģҲġ
ͩұ¶Լ٣
֮ԣôųҲΪõʦѣһȷʵΪؾտﲢ̫ͩͩ۽̫ߣżҪĻΪͨ⣬ͩǸŴ󲿶һжԻᱻ˸ˡ
ڳԼٵģпܾԼˡ
ͩһγɽ͵ķ½ģͨ½硣ңͩһװˣһݳ޶ɱװ
ͩһβͷ棬ݶˣҲͨŪġ
ڵͩΪƷǽµʮǰ׼õһʵݣֻԭƷΪʧܣĥ
ƷﵱҲһɢ֮ʿóطսͩЩơ

֮ôʦڣΪ̫ͩʵ̫ǿһ¶Ȼע⡣ݣҲǸһϢ
ͩܿ촩Խ˳ռ䣬ھǧڶԶǿ֮С
ԶԶ˹ȥһ֮УڰһƬʵʲôҲǸԶȴܹܵͩſƣỺسƶ
ǧڶ֮󣬲ŸоӴȷʵ൱ռʿҲֵס˺ֱӾͻķѶ
ʱǧڶʿ൱࣬ʿʿ
ȺʿƼ
ͩСһһڶȥǧڶÿһͨؾȻڲͬеĵصȻͬ
ȴͨܣ֮еĸ壬̬죬˵󲿷嶼ǳªֻۡ˵壬ϸ˵岻Ѫֲ
ףүЩѿɵ̾
Ǻǣ۲ͬȻͬնͩҡҡͷЦעĲ۵⣬ЩΪʵ⡣
Ȼǧڶ֮ڣûĸҺҶ֣һ籩Ӱ쵽ؾڣ˭


287  
Уһɫг֣һӰ˳
վУɺɫлʧ
ͩӴأһɽƣѷɫ٣ȥĵر
ܹͩϵҩģǷԲʮСΧвǧ֣ÿһֶױ
ͩȻһͷ᲻߽
еĻǾ̫ˡͩ˵߽ȶɱˣ
Ϊ߽֮УʹñƷһ
Ǻεȸ
ͩڵֻͨɱ𣬰Ϊ֮󣬱Ҳõ۵ĻΪλ׳еɱΪλϵɱΪλ׶ɱֻгΪԪ֮Żݻɱ
ͩõ߽ôͩΪλ֮ʱͻӵһɱǺε֮£
ɱѹһ֮ˣ棬磡޵еϵĴڡ
뵽ͩɵöؾӸȤڶؾ˼֮ġ
ϧͩûѰ߽״Ҳ޴߽󰡡
䱦а취Ѱͩѯʵ
˺ôһͩûеõ䱦Ļػͩʮֿ֣ʵ䱦䱦
ֽͩ˼ûлӦֻͩεգ䱦һ˯ȥˡ
ʱ򣬼Զײļ
÷ǳԶͩʶҲ޷ɨôԶľ룬ͩȡԶ״ɨ趨λǣһĻ

Ļ֮ʾĻ棬ǳ⸽ûʲôš
֮Уһʿڴսһͷޡ
֪ͩؾػޣЩ޶ǹͶӰǲʵڵ࣬ʵڵػߡ
˵ػĵطȻбڣ
ͩŵǵģһʱˡ棬ľѾǱˣؾƺĸػʸûС
һ֮ͩȻͨϵһϸ֮£ͩˡ
ڤţʹһУսʮսҪ
Ҫǣλ3000Ⱥֵ
ͩ״ɨǵĽǶȣԭΪһҩǧҶҩǧҶƣЧ÷Ƿ䴦֮õҩҺϴʥҩѹ᲻ϧó汾ҲҪնɱͷĽʵޡ
ͩ΢΢һЦȻǧҶ̫ͩõͩҪɱ˿á
ٺٺ١ɣɣԽԽãްҪͰͩЦ
Զǧ֮Ҳ벻ԼȻĳ˸ˡ
ʵŵشսޣΪԲ֮ѾúһУֻҪ߽ΧȻǰ֣ʱɽˡ
ڰ֮⣬ţ֮ĵͻ
Ҳµʿľ롣֮󣬹ͻ½Ϊ񼶵ʶΧҲǰҡ
ȻҲģֻηǳϡ٣ǳ⡣
ΪԼᵹùϡ

ͩһ½ǶȣڶǰطʱͩͷԼļǣ乥൱ԶҪ˿ռ䴩±仯ҳ֮׼ͷͼϾҪԶǧ֮⣬һɱˣʵ̫ѡ
ҲԼһԴطΨһȱݡ
һȱݣһΪ֮󣬾Ͳٴˡ
ʼջǲǾģͩ־Ϊתơ
ͩһ֮УͨԱ״ɨǸؿǧ֮ĴΡ
ڴͬʱͩںڰ֮еԶ̾ѻֵĻôھͩеķľѻǹ
ͩǰӰ׼
һػ޵֮ͻȻһͳегʰβ޵ڣŭһն
˶˲䱻ǿըƬ
˵ߣ˷ҵĲá˵꣬Ưջ
ɼǼǧҶаֵذţ˴˱Ҿܹϴ꣬ʱ򣬰ٳ߸ͷһҲǲܵģ˵˵ž͵Ц
ڴʱһȻ˳
ͻȻоΣ٣ȴΪʱ
һ֧ʸһֱ͸üĶ룬Ӻ
⣬ôܣòףĿ

δɾͲ֮ʿųɾŵȺüڣԴؼĲλ
ͩȫһԶûл·ԡ
˺һͩӿأʬ壬ȷ֮󣬵õǧȺֵȻؾ֮У޷硣¼ûġ
٣ջ񲻴ϿźˡͩЦʼչһŲָ֮һһ
մʬ壬Ѹٵȼ
ͩһתʧԭֻһ΢ͱҲѸٻΪһݹѸ뿪˴˵ء
ͩһջ
ͨɱһϵ鱦һףһС
ػ޵սûȫ
ҴеͨɱڤܺһŶһɱǿʵ
ܿϧʵ̫ˡ
ͩɱͩĺɱ
Ϊɵӣ򲻹ܰһɱ֣ͩҪڶʱնɱҲǼΪ֮¡
ͩջ񻹲ֹˣĴָ֮УͩҵԼһЩ鱦ڶʮңӰ˵ĲƲܵ˵ʲƸ൱ɹ۵ģͩƣܱͨҪ
ͩóһŵͼϸضŵͼ˸ռϣ֮ƶɣÿһ궼һΣǳǳǿ֮ˣ֮Ув룬ЩȺؾļغ϶θѰ֮òײֻһ£ɡ
˺һͩȷԼķλ


288  Ӫ֮
ͩλؾΧΧؾ澳ΪĻͩڵķλϷλЩƫ̫
ؾΧһ½
֮ͩУоϸţؾ̫ˣǧʱҲȫѰһ飬ֻȡˡ
ͩڵ׵ΪߣôУ򣬴֮ͨ£Ҳﵽ˲ˮ׼ܹȻס
ͩһ֮£Ȼ˲΢֮ؾͩ˵Σգûֻ֣˻
Ȼ٣ϸϸͩؼߣҪ˳֮ʱȻ֮䣬һдͩ㡣
֮ͩ˹ŷǳȻľԪͩףԭ
׵徳ⷽ򡢲⸣ͨ
Ǿ⣬ΪðȻ̽仯ϡ⣬գۼͱԴ˻ԪĿҪҩ
ͩóһƿҩһ֮󣬿ʼ޸Ԫ
ºָͩȫʢ״̬
ͩٴСؿʼָ㣬һͩͲһţڿʼߣȥ
ͩȻˣһЩģӰڽ̸ʲô֮䣬ֻͩܡһЩϾ䣺Сӡϡɱɱȡ
ͩһоľҵ飬״̬֮˹ȻûеõϸĽͩҲܴзһȺԼ
Ȥ˭ңͩЦ˵

治׷̫࣬ͩȴǰˣǧ򲻿ɱ¶ݡ
ͩȥؾСҲܲסȺǾŴ󳬼°ʥʿʤԣһ·Ȼ̸ɽ˺ҲԲ˼
ܹƹǱ鱦ĽͨȥȻҲгСɴʽ
ʱƣԽԽ࣬ؾΧ;£ض֣֪ͩģвٻҼɳֵھԴùεݡ
Щšԣؾ֮еԴҪ鱦ҪΪ鱦Ͼޣɮ٣ȻͻʵĵʵȡԴ
ͩҲûΧ˷ʱ䣬ֱӳΧ
ҵĿкš
µķУͩѾӽ˺ֻʱͩһҲûеõ
ڣؼҽ̺ԣͩĵشӰ񣬿˵ǲӦøĵУ
һ·ıƫƫûջ񣬹ʴ˹дһʡ
أ¶ѣҲ˰Ҳںʱ䡣ͩҡҡͷ˵
ͩ׵֮򣬾û

ָգӰ֮г˶
Ӱ֮ɫϼ죬춯ء
ɫϼ⣬Ϊɱ
ͩȻѾװݣȱٱԴɱɱ͵ɱһɱ֮һͩŹ
ȻȥȥͩԹؼҽ˵Ȼһ˱
˱֮ͩɫϼĵشȥ
Ӵϼʱͩ͸оһɲСѹ
ѹڰ˵ǿп޵ģпʾıСӡ
ɱͨɱҲսԼı嶼սԴ
ͩϵĿĵصʱ򣬷ֻ߲Լһˡ
ʮ˵ԭأֻԼһˣ֮⣬ӪˣڤӪˣӪˣͩҲ֪
ͩϵֳ֮󣬾ӭ˹
ˡ壬˫β
ԭˡԭ壬ףıۡ
֪ͩ嶼ĸӹ壬岻ԭǿһ㣬߼
ʱЩӹڳ££˿Խ
壬Ʒͩҽܵ
ʱӪΪ׵Ǹ˳ͩңһ񣬿ڵ壬ѮλѣһϹأ
壬ƷּȻ˵ϹأǾͰϹɡͩ·ϵػش

Ϲʲô
ͩǴǶѧġڰս֮ϣ۷嶼вѺ͸ӹսͬģ۷Ӫǻġ
һ£ӪĵжӪ塣
ͺ״ΪĸӪ塢塢塢ڤ塣
ͩûĻ൱ԿˣΪҪӦڤĺܿܵʱӪֻȻ˳ķݡ塢ԭԼ壬ʵǿԳˣֻ˳ⳡ
ͩˣӪķ͹ԭͶ˹γӪһӾʸֽɱ
ӪʤǵòɱҲֵܹһЩսƷ
ؾ֮УȻȺѰᱦʱĻǾŴ۷塣
ϹָľͩߵӪԸӪѮӪԸڤӪڸ߻ɱ˵жӪ֮һԣʤߵñ˳
ѺӪ֮䣬ܽˣֲ˺±˵ж塣
ϾĸַǳҲǳƽ⣬Ҷƻĸ֡ԣ岻ѣҲѺӪҲڤĵˣȥһͬ۷塣
Ȼɱڣƾе£չġ
Ȼ˵ܴ棬ԿƵĻԽԽ࣬ԽԽ֮󣬻ͻ˽
Ϊ۷߲㶼ؿľ棬ö֮ؾγˣĹػ൱Լġ
Ͼ޷ֻ֮֮ðȻ϶飬ϲ㲻˳һϸͨ¾гͷ֮ˡ


289  
˴һʱ䣬½ʮˣΪӪʵͩߵûмѪֻǶ˼ɢ塣
ϼڽǱＴףɱûг֮ǰǺúֶζһȡñ
ֹ˰죬һ״ı֣֮Ȼһ֡
֣֪˭ôһ䡣
ĸ۷ӪԼͬȳɢ嶯֣ʮ⡢һɵվŲ֪˵塣
߸ɢ弸ͱ˷Һܶ㱻ɱ
漴ĸӪ̷ԣͩӪӪ
ͩĶһͩûʣֳһе鱦ǹʩչҲǵͽСɼ
ܹʩչͽѣҪﵽСɾ磬ӦҲ֮һͨ
ͽķ֮õó֮⣬һЩһ򼸸£ûİʩչطǲط
ͩûв׾Ҳûб¶ȫʵ
еնֱǰһָطǣ

񶥶սʮҵʵ˵ʵͩеǷͨӦûмزŶԣʵϣȴûκμء
˵Ļֲɢ֮ӿֳţǸͷ
һնµļӳ֮£ԸٶȣĽǶ
ǸͩŶԵҲֹ־˭Ʒû˵ܹԼеĸ֣ôĬĬţ
ޱȵգۼϮǰ
ãΣգܵظоΣգսҲڱܵܡ
ϧѾˣͩһмѾ˿ռ£Ȼֻ࣬һ˿ƤëҲСӡ
üģӴֱӴ߻꣬һ֮£ʤ֡
ǸֹУ
Ҳͩ׷ĸЧʣѣһһɱ
ͩնɱתӪ幥ȥ
ʱסԶûͩʵȻ·磬ʱһ·ͻΪˡ
ͩĶ¾ͽӪ죬ʣµ㣬ͩ˲ͷųǼǣɱ˶֡

βɵôΪȣʿʵȷʵҪЩ߼ͬʿҪձ߳һҲ켣粻¼ʮ꣬ȴǺټͩǿͬʿ
ƴʵǿҵ˺ԥس޵
ͩߵˣһߵڤӪ֮ȴǲŸոս߳ѷѽʱ
ͩҲûвֵ˼ǿʼʰսƷ
ͩѵһͨɱսѥȼһ鱦ԼһЩӰ˵ջջḻɱõУԿ϶Ӧ֮һֻԻǱޣδ֮ͨСҲҺԼ죬дɱ򲻹ҪܵĻͩϲóѹ׵ĵƣֹܡ
ͩЩϧҪ֪ͩɱһɱ鱦ȲƲ֮⣬õǧȺֵ
Ҳգؾһ꣬͵õͨɱǰծˡǿ״ɱûȡ֣ȡ֣ǾǴ׬ˡ
ȥ˵Ųյ֮󣬶ʶȤ͵ͩУͩʶϸɨһ֮󣬿˵λûйҲпͣЩǷ˰ɡһЩ鱦߲е鱦ͩ￴ϣ

ˣһϲԭҲûõ̫ôϾûôȫͩϣֻǸǣһ
ɲͩһ㸻УЩ鱦ֵƣǵҷϼҲһǿʢЩ鱦ǲãҲȺʵ
һ״ɱһȫʧɱһҵĵط
ͩһҲְѶ뻳С
ɶңڤпӵͩȡһĻĵؾе
ѮûзŹᣬͻʹУؼ
һ๥һУֻҪһΧڣ޿ɶ㣬ֻӲһ;
ڤҲݣһ˺ۣȻԱۣʩչԲΪһâس˻һʧڵƽ߾ͷ
ƷȻﱻãҾ͸ˡѮûսͩر˼
ƴˣǣӪλɲѮһֱϾǶ˶۷壬Ȼƽƽ
ִͩߣڡ

Ѯ˷𣬿뿪˴˵ءҲһһȥΪ֪ͩ󣬿ԶҲȡһɱ
Ͼؾ鱦ȻǶƣԼòţԸȺʵĿ껹ɱ
ʮ꣬ͩںභɱϧԴ֮ͩˣӲͩɱ֣µĿǰΪֹûһڡ
أƷ־ʹһΧкɱʱֻҪ۷ĸ֣֣ͿԵõһʿò
Ͼؾһٶ꣬ʱ仹úܣһΣһͩˣǲǻأ
֣رǷǾŴ۷ĸ֣ԡƷǳɵ
һЩؾ֮еĹкվ֮Уۡ
³һɷǼ֪һЩнѽ̸ʱ
ǽƷɣ
ԣǴˣ˵´ڣʹͬΪֹҲûһ˴ѣ۷ĸҲһν죬һʱ
ߣһʱˣźܿͱĵжˣ塢ڤǿֶɴôţǸʱ򣬿¾ˡ
ѽ֪͵£ȡ֮
ҸҴģǲˣ꣬ɣû˺Ҷģһе鱦ע


290  
ЩǳǣÿһֻǰͲü󳬼ȫһӣʹɱ½ռеĻᶼࡣãûϼ󳬼ʿ
ؾԴڶ࣬ǸĿŵ򣬽ݵ㣬ʿھ򿪷ȴࡣ
Ŵ󳬼ĬԻضΣ棬ͳһУҲ⡣
ؾʵ̫ˣԴǾŴ󳬼ڧ񵽱˵Ļǿɾǵòʧˡ
ͬѹȺǾŴ󳬼Ĺͬ棬һǲб仯ġ
ͷ·һ󵰸⣬鵰ôԭǾŸ˷ĵ棬һôʹŸ˷ֵֵ涼Ӧû˻ɵ˽ףҲû˻᱿ñ̵
Ϊʲôԭ߼ڷֵü鱦ʱ˷ܣóͨɱţ
̺ʵĸԲࡣ
߼ѾǸ߼λѾˣ»еͼţԭЩеͼǰĵλǸ߸ϣܹͨЩеĸ߲㡣
ԭȺǰ͵õ¸߰ͷ­Ϊʵǿ󣬱˵ǰ񣬾ǹԭİҲ˿
ȺλʵĲࡣ
Ϊʵĵ

ΪʲôΪмԪ֮ѹȺˣмԪ֮ػܹ٣ѼԪ
ԣˣΪȺܹʢ˥Ŭ
Դܹӿָİܹ֮ӿָ֮Уܹӿָܹ֮ӿָ
֮ͺʵǽܹﵽ߷վֻ
ǲϵظӺػӦģҲӰϲṹʹϲṹҲؿһտڶ֮ϼµ¥㡣
һ֪Ĺ֮Уһ֮Уһš˲ǱˣѪЦʵˣЩ˷ֿжջҲС
棬Ҹұ֤ԲһѪ㿪ڽе
Ʒܽƾʩչʱļ͸ҿ϶Ҫ֪棬治УʩչʱļͬҲûУҾͼʶֻһΡ绨ͯӵ˵ڻ켣սʶĸʤ¡
٣㲻ΣѵλͿƷ𣿡ѪЦЦ
ɱȷʵˣЩλлҲЩջ񣬲ؾǱأαһݵͬأ컢ҡͷ˵
ʲôʱɺˣǺԼҪС𣿡Īֵʵ
ߣ֪ؾ֮УԴرء٣Ŷ̶̰ٶ꣬ջ֮ḻ˾ȡȻؾɱǣǧܹҵ٣ͨɱˣǵ۹ǶǳڵĿеɱ컢شλҪˣҹ·߶ˣܻµġ

֮ͬԾԴ򶷣սд裬˽»ɱͷĹءȻ޷ģ˻գⲿ˶ֻҰֶѣûĸġ
֮˶˵ˣǰôΪ棬ôɵ̫ˡأؾ֣Ǳأرɱʱʱسһٶ꣬ڳʵļλһұǰٱҲȱͨɱαðŷȥԸ֣ͬ
ʹɱʿᱦѡЩ岻Ǹֲ鷳
Ҳգһξ͵ѪĳλСѪңѪҵˣҪۡѪЦЦ˸űŰĹâ
αأѪ֣вɱѪӰ칦Ӱ쵽ˡ绨ͯ̾ͷЩɱ绨ͯҲ޹һ֡
³֮ջѪĳһֲҪглѪЦ᲻˽⼸˵ϰԣЩ걻ؾθڸˣʵϻֻ̰֮Ҫ㹻棬һᶯĵġ
һû˿ʵЦ˻а룺ͩڵˣΪпɽû˸Ҷ㡣ߣˣûк³ϧΪʲôأˣǼһҲܴɣٺٺ١

ðɣȻˣǷͷȥСӵɣ컢һӦ
ڳ˶ͷʾˡ
ÿ˶ԼҲԼһ֮˵䣬Ȼһ㣬ǰ첻
ҵ֮أҪˣλƷˣһ۲۵ĸ֣ûлڡ绨ͯ˵
ҵ֮ϹأȻǸˣҲȫԸ֮ɱѪЦʻشڷǳ侲ԲΪƷǸ˶С
̶ϸ֮󣬼˱ͷˡ
˵ʵڻ컢ȼҲںıһǲͩƷϾֻҪټؾ⻷ɱˣֻҪøɾƯǾͲ鷳
ͩƷҶ൱
Ȼܹؾ÷ˮʿĸ壬Ҷ͵ȥرǾŴ󳬼ĸ֡
ЩϵʿҲ٣ͼˡ

澳򣬵ڻûпһΧ˸޷УҲ֪ʲôʱſ
ͩĿķţЩɱһ״ɱԻ족ɱȻ׵ܹͩͩʮġҲ˵ǰҪķз㵽Ҫʮ֮һķܹˡ
ʹˣɱǰҲһߣΪ׵֮ѾʧѷʧûҪס
ѷĹȻʧϾһ֡
׵֮ʧʷĳ֮УΪ֪ˡ
ԣọ̃Ҳָֻ򣬲ڻþδ֪ʱʧ
׵֮Դ鱦ͼ飬Ѿʧ٣ȥߵγȣѾ
ͩѧ׵㲻ʲôֻ֮˵ͩľϸߣռⷽı˰ˡ
ͩõɱͱԴɱȴһֱûջ
ͩҲżʱ仹ء
ͩ׼һĵطչУЩ֣࣬ÿһ

ͺһƶĶͩǲʿһҪعбչô鷳
ֱͩһԴƶɽȣһɽռˡ
ͩȻռ֮УԼһ檣ʱʱָǵС
ǵʱΪ׷Լʼ֮ϧͩҲ޷ȥ񱮣ָֻͨУԾ˫֮Լķ֮͹඼ѾͻƵʥڻ۽׶Σ÷ĸѾͷ˳شﵽվżҲڻ۳ʱͻƵʥǲġ
һ˵õȮ졣ͩң߸޵ǾԲġȻ˫֮ͨʱĻۣȫҲǲܡ
ֻɵÿͻƶҪɽ٣رǳ֮٣Ļ۲ͩһ̬֮Ҳ̫ǿ
ԣֻҪܹɹطɣܹͩһأ㹻ˡ
ͩȻռ֮бչزһξ͹ꡣ
ؾڣҲİٶˡ
ıչأͩ˷ںϡǷµںϣҲ±仯ںϣ֮ںϡ
֮ͩ˵ԭľ֮Ϊں˻֮
ʹüһʽͩͨɹؽмεͨط

ؼһ̤Ҳ־ͩɹĳЩһΰĽһǳѣеİ˼ʮ꿨һ޷󲻵òΪ޵Ԫһв񣬻Ҳ޷һ
ܹͩڼ֮һһΪɵΪ̫ϸӦƪ͡Ԫʼ̵Ϊͩķƿﵽһˮ׼Ҳбʮָͩĵ·ʹ߲ͩ··һ㣬ͩȱԴܹõĹ򵤵ȵĵرܹͩŪ֡
ʡԡԴǿȵȵصۺ֮£ͩһ
ͩҲΪֽ֮УʮһţԱսȺĳŴ
ͩһΪϸϸںϷİ
ºͩų˱֮ͩ뿪˴˵ء
Ҳ֪ʱֳ˶ٱ
ճؾԽڣԽ࣬ҲԽ󣬱ĵȼҲԽߡ
һЩͨɱҶΪûжõļɱ
ɱûӦķϣûȲһͨɱ

ͩ죬ҲûҵʲôԵĵʱ򣬺Ȼ״֮У֮⣬һ׷ɱʵϷ롣
壬ͩһʵм˳壬˵ȡʤײĳֻҪ㹻ԴԴԴϵطڲ֪Ԫ֮ǰһʶ壬己Ѹ٣һȺֻȺײǻۣ嶼ûʶ
£˳ķչʹóĿҲڸ߼µĲΡһ⣬õ˴ʬ壬֮ʹ֮ǿԽʶǣķչʹӴ˿ʼ˵̤ʬֱ׳ΪԪ֮֮⡣۷С
ͳ൱Ҹ߶ȼȨ׵־ųһоߣ۷壬ĸ߷ԡЧʡ߷ֳٶȶǳĿ¡
壬ھδľ֮ʱ߲֮໥岻Ҫô鷳ǬٶϣһС
ͩľﵽٵĺںɫСȺһֻѪڼ׳£׷ɱʮʿٳӣȥ࣬Ҫ˽һֻȫǰ񼶱ĳӣҺηûʶ

֮УѪɫĳӾ̳ʬ壬ʶԲܹȵĳĳ潫
ȼ潫ʡۡĸʡס
ûǻۣӦؼ񼶡潫ǻ۵ĳ壬Ŀȼ󣬴Ӵؼλ񼶡ĳųʼľǳʣ۾ǳۼ
ĸľͱȽˣĵλǳഫƵĵλֻ֮£Ǹֳ壬гǵʵиеͣҲʥ򼶡
һ潫Ҳѹܹ׷ʮʿĶˡ
Щʿ֮Уþͩʶ
ʱģܵʿϣûһͱʳû൱ײС
ͩһ£񣬱Ͼͬ塣
ͩȺһֱԼͶ飬ʦԼ͹ػͩȺ˼ĹкͼС
ܼ£ͩǼȣʵϹⲻȥ

ãͩʵֲ֪ﵽ̶ֳȣýһ¡
ͩӿٶȳ·صȥ
¸¸¡ǣҪܵô죬ΪΰꩵǴ˵ʳɣǵңѪɫڼ׳ֽе
ʮʿ̬⻰Լͬɫɷף˭˻ҪһȺӵʳʵ̫ˡ
ڴʱһʿں棬ǳ潫³һסҽһͱȺΧסˡ
ɶ񣬸ĳӣȥɣһֻ֮һҵĺ
ֱԱˡ
񱩵籩Ϯ֮£ǰܵʮʿʱͷ˸ֶַΣȻɷ籩ǰ˽ǧʱ˳ȺΧû˸ҷֿܣΪֿܸӲȫ
Ϊֿܣû˸ҴĳȺ׷ԼһܣҪ̫죬ֻҪһܵÿһˡ
Աĵ㣬籩ɢ֮˾ǣЩӾȻֻʮֻֻбըеˡ

ͩ״ǿøаԾȣЩӵļ׿Ƿ̫ǿˡǿҵıըֻʮֻֻǼ׿ǳѺۡ˵ľԭѲļ׿ǾȻܼٶȻָЩӲǷǿָҲǼΪ̬
˵ĳൽĳ̶ȣγɳ泱֮󣬷ǵأܼɡ
ѹֳĿƼƼ⣬Ĳ̫ȽҰݣǳȴܳΪŴ۷֮һڶǿȺǳ̬ˣ֮أ
ͩٶȸ˹ȥ
Ѿۿʿǡ
λѣϽɣ׷ŵǳꩵǺٳȺҪǰˡȺҲͰˣꩵǵĳطѵһУ׸൱ʿ֮Уĳĵ񿴵֮ͩ󣬴ѵ
ͩѾܹۿĿ꣬׾޴׳棬Ŀúܡ
ͩóնֱңָͷ޴׳棬תӰһ乭
ǣ

ŴԼǧľ룬ͩĹͻȻͷš
ѹµ·һεļʸһ㣬
ʸ·͸ǧĿռ䣬һգۼѾԽǧľ룬ꩵǵǰ
ʸꩵǵǰ
ꩵǲŷһҲ۵Ĺ
ԴˣûܣΪԼļ׿Ƿޱȵš
ǿĲǹǵļ׿Ǻǵ׿ǵķųʵ൱һױһ̬
潫ļ׿Ƿе鱦ʵأҪе鱦٣ҲҪɱıǿ
ԣꩵͻ͵Ϯܰô
ǣȫʱ򣬺Ѿˡ
ΪȻǿĴ͸ʹǱ׿һ빥ʣµһ빥ȴȫ͸˼׿ǷԴ


291  
ꩵһҺţ鷽ԲǧܵһʿҲˣתͷȥֻսʱȻֻʣ°ԴǵԿһһԽ
ͩһȻûиɵ֣ڶ̳֡
ꩵǴʱѾֻʣ°ʹȫʢ֮ʱҲ˵ܹͩļǣ˵ˡ
ͩĵڶϵؽֻս
ɱȥʮʿ֮еŭһܷŹ鱦һ٣תι˻ȥ
ս䣬ʣµĶٶֻΪ塣
ʿ׷ó²ɱ˻ȥ
ٶֻꩵ̿ˣسͩ׳
ָӵĳγɳ泱ǳ£ûָӵĳǾһȺں֮ڡ
ʮʿԶԶصЩһֻһֻذ
ʱĳںͬسͩ
ͩˣͬʱһֻһֻصܿģٶֻȫڴ˵ء
лλ֮ʵմҵ˳ššӭ˹ͬ壬ǵ̬Ҫеöࡣ
ʿǰԵðһͷ
ԭŵĵѣƷҷΪͬ壬ܼͩЦǺǵкȻͩҲû˵ţܹɳλؾӦţȷ½ĴҪǿ˲֪ٱ
ŶԭѾ½İǿƷƵѣλȵ
ͩҲ֪Լôˣʵôҵܴ𣿡

Ƶһֱ켣⣬ȥƵѵ֮У׹κŵЦŻش
ͩȷʵ֪ЩʵУ⵹ʣȷʵһֱ켣⣬κָһ
˵⹫漸˸ѡһ֮شɣ˽ĹУӭһ룬Իཻ鱨ȡһЩҪԴ鱦ɱ֮ϾⱼΣأҪһط԰ĵطϢκհ˵
ŶȷʵҪȥʶһͩͷӦ
ʮڣŴ˺һЩС˽ķڣֿҪСģҪӽж˵ķСκհҲɴ࣬óһͼһ򽻸ͩ
лκѣĳȸˡͩӹͼϸһ漴ȥˡ
Ƶѣڡλ
ƴˣһ·˳硣һЩػ
ͩΪһݹ⳯ʱķȥ
κˣܹѴѣǲװ岻Ϊ۷壬ƴ˵ʵֱ̾ΪֹһλԲƨ
Ǻǣǣ˵ȺĸҲȷʵ٣ǿߣΪԲ٣κĳȻҪһﰡκհҡͷ̾ȻǸ̾ϵЦȴǸӲˡǿʢЩȻˡ

ͩһ߷һóʶһɨ֮£֪֪ڱ仯
˵˶ܹ̿ؾʹõͨѶߡ
Ҫ֪ǿؾ֮ҲһЩܣ޷ȡϵ
ؾÿһοĵΡ󡢽Ƶȵȶᷢ仯
ǿԲǴģǰһЩ飬ļԱϸо֮¿ӦؾͨѶߺһЩƷû̫ġ
ͩȥһΣҪܹڷ֮Եһɱͺˡ
ȻͩҲ֪ǲܵģΪɱ󣬲Զһĸ˶õϵɱҪأ
Ҳǲܵġ
ͩǰһ಻ĳ򣬳ſװȽķϵͳʶϵͳ
߽ͩţһԵ
֣ʶɹ壬ӭ˹١
ŵʿͩȭһûж˵ʲô
ÿһǵʿᱻʶϵͳɨ裬ȷݡ
߽ͩ˷УΥֺʸӿͷ
ֵв̯̯λϰڷŵƷҩƷҩƷĵ鱦ӦоС
һʥΪӭ˹ظͩһλǰˡ
ѣסк£ͩʵ
ǰҪᣬ»켣УҲмˣһжϤúܣҿǰǰһˣرΪǰָ·ģǰʲôҪΪǰЧ͡˵

ŶǱҪʲôأͩŰ׳ԵֵͣΣͩҲû϶ҪǮġ
õĵΣһֻҪ񾧣ǰΪΣʵûдؾﲻ٣ˣȴΣմԴԣȺƼڴˣһСɢޣܹΧ˵ؾѾ˲СĴˣ˵Ѱˡ
ΧΣҪһЩԵΧѾռݣھͿԴʥɢеؾײĿ档
һţ׬񾧣ֻⷻҪ񾧣ʲôԣ
αٵȥðأ
ã񾧣ҪȥͨѶƷͩ񾧸һ˵
ͨѶƷĹ˾в٣Ƽȥ߿Ƽ˾ĳͨѶ˾ĵ꣬ͨѶƷǳȫ㡢ͨѶΧؾȻмҲ˵ظͩܵ
ͩ˵˵ͷԼûа׻һﵹЩ£ֱ˵ػشȥˡ
֣ǰɡӴָȡһʽĺγȻ˼Ԧϣǰϳ
ͩ˽γʮףķȥ
ֽͨߣҲв٣ƺһ򣬲ҡ
ûãͷͣһߵĸ¥ǰ
¥дš֡
ǰˡͩ˳֮󣬸æս˽ָϾͣһ³ԣҪһֱͣҪշѵġ
ǰǷˣҸұ֤һ⣬߿Ƽ˾ǴȺȽĿƼˮ׼淶ΧǶ൱ġʼͩϴ꣬ͩ˽߿Ƽ˾ΰ


292  
߽ͩûκкͩΪһչÿһչλһƯʥŮվΪչĿϸչƷԡ
˵Ǹ¥ʵһִͨѶƷС
Ŀˣ֮࣬евٶԸѡΪǿĶʹȽŸУųԼҲԵһЩ
Ȼͺгһûĸо
ͩһֱʽͨѶֻ֮ͩƵط֪ԼӢ˵ͨѶ롣
˷֮ͩγʵ֪ɱ
ɱֻ˵ǰһϳֹһɱĳһ֮⣬ϵûмɱӰʵش
ͩһɱֶȷʵʮ󣬲һܹҵõġ
֪һطǰҪĶķӦ죬Ͱѻת˻ˡ
ܹΪ֮һָĵΣȻı£Ϊ˿ͷܵؾһΣ˿һ֪ǻʲô
ͩʵ
һ֮еļλնɱİǿ߿ƼܹҵҪĶвҪ֪ϢԽ˵ľ¾Ͳ֪ˣΪµʿ롣

һͣǰǶȥǰ緽ʽﲻܹȥĵطû취ֻʱˡ
ͩһǰⶰһӣдĸ֣ҪĸֲƽͩӱʻϿ˷ݻĺۼдĸֵˣڷ֮տ²Լ֮¡
ʵϵĵطǹ֮
̨̤ͩףҪžͽӴһ磬һǿͩ΢΢һЦһߣͻ˽ȥ
ͩ㲻ʲô԰аµʿеΪСİҲܹ
̤ȥͷ֮ͬһȥһ֮ʮ֮ڣҶһееۣеڻۣеںȲ졣ңۼĶʿ
Ҫǣͩ￴ڰɱڳ
ףˣ˺Ȼе
ٺ٣ƺͦİĳ˵
ϻΪϣ޷ֳͷûɣȡЦ
һɫڵĴ󺺳ͩ˹ȭһλͦİģ֪Ѹմղܣǻִ£һֵࡣ
⻰лͩף

ɲڵģҪѵģϾռ˵طбͬٵģҲҪշѵġ˵ˣֱ̯߰ҲҪѵġ
Ȼ㽻Ǯ֮ڷ֮еİȫȵ鶼Ҫģͬ浣ġ
ﲻ䣬ɱ֣͵֮ľ͸ˡ
Է˵԰ȫ
Ʒˣ֪ҪЩأͩЦǺǵʵ
򵥣ֻҪһ񾧣ܹõǻŵĻԱһţպõĴŻݡմЦʹ˵ʡģȵȣƷ
ڳٶĶͩҽܣ棬죬ݣζؿͩ
մҲӦ˹е¾Ǹ˵еƷ
йͩĴ˵Ȼǰ飬ôӿֵҲô߳ƵĶһЩǿߡ
οͩɱûлڣ겻֪жô䶯
ȻͩӲʱڰ˵ҲǵָһӼˣͩȻʮ
˵̫ңԶˣ¿ɲǴ˵е;˵㲻ͩǫ˵˵óһ񾧵˹ȥ
մ󺺵ķӦҲ죬ȹܿͻָ˹ӹ֮ȥ׼Աˡ
ԱҲؾͰˣѸ١
ƵѣպãԺǻĻԱˣʲôЧ͵𣿡մкⲻǸ⣬ÿһĻԱܵķֻҪһʱ䣬»ԱϤ˻֮Ͳˡ

ͩ˿ܣֹ
Ŷˣ˵ز̸ĵطƵ롣մ󺺷Ӧ˹ͩż䣬֮־ͱˡ
ˣҪԻһЩֵɱͩżϣжżƷ裬һߺһ˵
Ŷ֪ƵҪԻɱմûĸɱΪڳɱȫͨɱ࣬ǧѣƺܶ࣬ʵһӿʿ˵ǲ׺һڡĿǰΪֹûгͨɱϵɱ
ҳɱÿһԼõģԻɱһȦﲢʡΪнʣɵľС
ɱͱԴɱͩ˵
˻մ󺺴һͩθ̫ˣȻҪɱ֮ϡٵһࡣ
ࡢԴࡢɱɱ֮ŪϧƷ֡
մԭΪƷֻ뻻һƷʲķɱء
Ҫ֪ڳɱ֮УԹɱ࣬ɱ֮٣ֻиλͨķɱɱжᱦջġ
ܹģװɱ壬ֻоŴ۷̡
ϡΪ󣬹ɱɱĻһһңȡмֵ廻һɱһɱЩɱġ
ڱȷɱͱԴ࣬Ǿ͸ۣ
ҲҪλĹɱпܻ
λɱһУֱ̫˼ˡ
ѹɱɱɱҲǿı֮УвһͨɱûС
Ĳƴ֣Ҳ½֮󣬲˽ǳѡһɱһҲһɱѡ


293  ¶
ôûͩƽʵͩţûһɱǱԴɱܹͨġ
մһҧ˵ǰЩҪһɱֻǼ۸̫ߣҲûȥͲ֪ˣԸһʱĻͷΪϵҡ
ãܺãҪĳȶãͩʵ
ʱ治ȷ£ʮ궼пܡմεػش
޷еʱȣµ룬Ϣ֪ͨĳͩ˵
ͩͲմ̸һ緽ʽ͸Ƕȥˡ
ͩڷ֮УһĶð꣬һЩ֮󣬿˶ķܣȻȻס˽ȥ
ⶴ൱ռһɽͷٵҲСͩһסԵôˣͩȴֻһס
֮ͩеһ檶˳Ȼ֮ⲻⶴҲҪˣͩǲ뱩¶ԼһƶʽĶ
ͩŮˣͩ˳
үǵ¼ңشܡ
ʱסһʱ䣬ȵյҵϢ֮ٶͩҲżѰؾ֮УıΪͨɱǸ߼еɱ

÷ǰѶʰһҲһЩ߼󷨡նǶȥʰ׼һЩµľƲ˸үԸ
ˡŮϽԷֹȥˡ
Ҳȥæװ㶴ֻ¹һͩ
Ҫԡ½ⷦҲ̺򡣡翪ʵ
Ҳã߰ɡͩͷӦڼĸо
ܿ죬ͺͩԡңⶴԡҲСʮϣˮҲɽϾȪģֻҪԡ·ȾͿˡ
ʥ򼶵ķɵؼһɽȪˮͩԡ¡
ԡ֮Уƣůˡ
ϤΪͩȥһһһֻͩһڿվԡ֮⡣
翴ͩǿ׳Ȼ˽Ҳнǧˣÿο̲סϷϼ
ᶨΪͩһ
ͩ˶˳צسڹǰ
ϵĺϼˣ룬ǰиְֺ֮겻ˣ˸ſĹâ
ҪүһͩЦʵָ㷢

ƷڹҼϢܿͱһֱѰⷽϢѪЦʸ֡
ѪЦʸ컢绨ͯӡĪȺѷȥϢԼ˼ص㡣
ܿģͩδ뿪֮ǰ˾ͷһ
ѪЦ˵յϢͩѾ˾źŹУҼ
ǲĵҵĪͬһؿѪЦʡ
ᵽ磬ڳ޲¶ΪĲʵ̫ߣܹǵġ
ˣÿ˶˽ʮ꣬ǴսʮĲ׼ǿߣʵǿҲͣȴ޷Ტۡ
ΪսǰʮĴڣ֮У͵ĶǿߡʵλԶѪЦʵˡ
߲УֻλսţӺǱţǵδߵøԶ
һ۹裬ʵǿš
ĪЦˣΪʲôҪͻԵǸпܾͩİƷѪЦʵĪһ̸ۣܶ硣
СͷڹһڷҪҲֻеȵ䵥֮󡣲ǾҪʼˣб޻绨ͯ˵

֪֮ͩ󣬾˿ʼˡ
ڵͩԡŹԴǰͣиͣسС졣
룬һַͩȲһ־ͩиŬŴ죬ͩĶ
ʱĹŴƣ¶һ˵˫ͦΣκ׺ѩ˫֮䷼ࡣ
ššš
ͩһи˳磬߽ԡء
ȺȪˮ֮УְͩŪһ˫ɰСãϸỬĸо
Ұ㡣۾ͩһ˫Լ۵š˳ͩĸ£ְµи»š
Ҳ㡣ͩס˹˫һʹǡ
ڴʱҲ̤ԡңԡ֮еĶˣһѸȥϵ˵ͩĺϡ
㣬ҲҪץסͩһֱֻۣϣŮĲλĦš
оԭԼҴ̽ͻȻ룬ɵЦӡ
ʱͩ͹ԡˮ磬վڳˮˮֻȸ
໻һλվͩǰ󷽵ؽŮ˽ܵĵطͩǰ

ͩǰңʪۣ鲻Խذͷ˹ȥ͵һŵһµŮ㣬ʱڸ͸ȥ
һ˫ͩԴʹسԼͩĿ
ˣҲʾһͷˮѰͩиŪš
˺һͩиվùӣ˫ַԡرԵΡ
ͩӺУԽǶȣһɱܶ
һɱ⡣
ͩ죬·׮һ㣬ǰʶ
ʼʱ໹ǳͩĶأֻʣֻܱسͩ¶
ˮȤؿԼҷõĽ¶ҸЦݡ
͸úúýѵһСӣ͡羹ȻһԼ
㡭㣬㣬̫ˡ⻰òɵ
㡭Ľ㣡е
ͩˣɵּӿ˶
翴ȣӺ汧סͩͩڵ죬ѾͷҲҪ

ͩһַֻŹһָֻỬ̵ͦķΣ˵ſԱȥΪҪһѵá
ͩһ£ſ˹ֱߣͬѧŹһԷΣչʾҵ
ָͩ˹ķΣḧһҴᲦŪţƴָ˽ȥ
ʪỬڲͣؼѹ˱
һͩʪָ
̽ǰ鶯Ķ䣬ѹ˹ϣǰ̽˹΢
оеԼһϤİζܵ˱š
ζôͩЦʵ
ŷӦ˹ԭǽİҺûзУư£ڵģöడҲһ½ɡ
ãҵСġͩӦ
ͩӹڳǹ˼յ˹ķ֮
ǹŪŸڣһһ£ǹŲ롣
̲סƵƵ̽ɾǲ⡣
֪ԼҷˣŪԼǣҪˣ죬Ҫɡ

ͩһͦ籦ʡ
ͩһýû
һ
ͩʼ˷ĶѸ
ţسͩĹ
ͩѸٳ鶯£ǹƵ˹󣬶׼ĸڣǹǰ壬ض£һתء
һģһ˫̥ãͩ³лͩ˵֮
ͩսȫǹؼҽܹڵƽģսдʱ̱ڳرߣһʱ֮䲻ܶ
ͩ·͵۷һ㣬ͣ使֮š
÷նæ˼ҳܲסˡһʵϸ߷֮һߣҿʼԮˡ
һƵŮӿԡңԡ֮е֮󣬲ɵշɺ졣
ǣæ紭ϢŽе
ǻҪءЦ˵
ãˣæɡе
÷ն˿ԼСĻѸϵڵս֡

ͩŮ֮ߵģͩԽ𼦶֮վǹλѨһ
÷;նһ԰æ
ͩ˫Ůϲͣţȹ񫣬ֹ񫡣
һʱͩսʤĸŮ۾һѰӰ˿ź͹ؼҽͬƣſڳرߣȴͩҡ
ͩ˹ȥſ״תһڳرߣʵ𣿡
ү˼ˣүҡ˫΢У˵
ǺǣүˣһοҪ̺үˡͩԡԼ
ϵطλãȥ
á̾Ϣһ󣬿ʼ
Ŷýͩ̾

֮УûһÿɲУΪ˸õʲô

ʱһΣʮȥˣͩڶ֮УϾ֮ʱһ˫ޣǹǳд⡣
һ죬ͩڲ쿴ſռ佻׾ƽ̨ϣƷڲ࣬ͩа˼ǲǸ÷ŸĿռ佻׾ȥҲøʿ
룬ˡ
Ϊ֣ͩıԸռ佻׾֮С
ǰЩⴳͩѾӳǧƵĿռ佻׾˷ּ񵽲ͨĿռ佻׾߳ɣҲ˵ûб˼񵽡
ؾ̫ˣиľܹɢȥҲҪܹ񵽲ʹòС
ڴʱһֱù

ͩͨڵƷ
ִ֣£ɻǵòĳմ󺺵
Ȼֵĳһֱǿʮ갡֣ˣͩЦʵ


294  
ͩʰüҵҲû˻˰⣬űǡ˺ﶼʰ˸ɾһߡ
ͩͨ׵֮㵽ԼȻ֪ĸ˵Ա˳ŵԼͩĽȻõġͩڵмңҶЯ֮ﶼΪҡ
Ǻεȵңεȵĳ죿
һ˵ͩĹһ˳ԱȫҲʹҪԸҲֻгͩ޷֡
ĳЩıͷ۵ģΪõıûãҪԸֻͩһ;
ջҪƾʵ˵ûʵȥǲǽͲˡ
Ϊı
ܼͩ򵥣ǾǶڰ潻棬С֣伫ı
٣ҪԼ⣬ǻı㲻ֱɱȥʵڡ
ͩٶȸϵ

ֿϡͰմ󺺿ͩſڣϽӭ˹ȥкһοǴˣһʳɣҲвӶ
籾ʵմǰ񲻼٣ʵȥѰʹʿͬķϲ鷳ЩһǾ·һֻҲһʲƵ롣
ˣڹʲôԴ򲻵Ҫ֪ɱеġ
ִӭӣĳǲʤҰͩҲ΢Цк
֣롣մ󺺵ûжֱ
߽ͩ˻
˶¥һλýƫż䡣
֣ɡմƿżţ˽ȥ
ʱż֮䣬һʿͩҲϲ壬ϾȺʵ̫࣬ͩҲϵüǧȽǿ壬ȶԣĿռı͵Ժԡ
λңҲ˵մ󺺽ܵ
λңҲһġմָʿܵ
˫һۣͷʾһ¡
һͨɱ뻻ʮ͵ͬɱһеɱʿֱòʹա

ͩˣһ£ǮҲ̫ˣеɱȻ˵ڼֵͨɱȵģʵϸûԸ⻻
ΪɱȻ󣬱ϾҲǸþӶ࣬еɱĹ൱µġ
սֵ˵еɱͨɱҪǿöࡣ
ٵôʮͨɱ̫ˡͩ̾ʵòǲ뱻׶ѡʮΣ
ֱͩһ룬ɫһ
մǾͩϾȻôɱͩĿ⣬ɵôż־ˡ
ؾ֮Уĸ־Բ٣εĸӵһɱⲻʲôܡ
رǾŴ۷ľӢϣһɱԣɱʿǸеĸ֣Ǹˣټɱ鱦ļӳ֣ʵȻǿ
ٲմָ֪֣֮ͬΪʿԷҲһоɱԼ
ƷϣȻôɱ³ɱ⣬´󲿷ֶǴİɣ
ʮ۾һ˵ɱþˣֻһֱҲңҲ
ʮͩ
ʮҳһ˵
ʮͩ˵
ʮȶϣˡ
ʮ̫ˣҸһʮ˼ΣͩЦе˵
šãʮ˼̫ˣһڼʮһɱһн˵
ʮɣոͩȡһ¡
УʮһһҲСҼǿӲ˵

ͩҧһ˵Ҳգʮһʮһɣɽ
׽еúܿ죬ͩʮһɱȡһɱ
ɣԴϲ
մͩ뿪Ŀͩ뿪֮վԭس˼Ƭ̣ת߽˻
ƷȻǼ֮»᳤㱨ܹõóʮɱˣֵע⡣մ߽Լİ칫ң
ͩõɱ֮һ£תԼĶнʮڣðײã֮Уȫǲġ
ֱͩʵؽһɱпܻΪĳЩ˻еķ
ھԵǰͩҲҿ϶֮ͬû˶ԼȤ
ԣͩǸıضɱϤ֮˵
ͩر˶֮
һ
Ȼռ䣬ͩһھұչɱ
Ĺ֮УͩҲõɱϢ
ɱΪɳ򺣡һϵɱõ֮Ϊ
Ҳ˵ɱһ֮ʿõˣǻϾһѡ
ˣѵ֮ŻὫ˱óõ죬õɱͩҡҡͷ̾

ͩڻʮʱ䣬ȫɱ
ɳ򺣣˼飬ͷųһȺɳֱɴһ֮Ƭɳ֮УܹƵ˵ٶȡƬͺɳһ㣬ɳ˷ѹԽݵҲԽղܡ
ͩ賿һɳ򺣵ͩȫ֮£ɳ򺣿ͷųֱɳɳ֮У԰żΪ粽С
ͩɱЧ൱⣬ȻڵķԼɱļ̶ȣܹųɳǣѾ㹻ˣԼļطݣ
һ룬ͩԴطһԶ̹ɳ򺣵ֻγɣͩˣֻܱľ档
ֻܴˣȴ򲻵㣬ⲻʲô
ȻԷҲԶ̹ܴ˰ɣ
ʵϣΧ֮ڣκԶ̹Ӱ죬ٵƫԭĹ
ɱ֮ԽУɳ򺣡ΪɳĮ纣ѹáɳ򡢺ʮС


295  
ͩ޵зѴɣ⡰ɳ򺣡ͩȻõޱ˳
Ϥˡɳ򺣡֮ͩû̳еĴ㣬Ͼڻûеؾı߷ڡ
ͩÿղǴռ䷨򣬾ڲططĹطȼ
֮⣬һ檣޶
ӵҲ÷ǳˬ졣
һΰʮȥˣҲˡ
ͩЩȻ㲻ȴͨԼϢ֪ؾĶ
⼸ʮ꣬ؾ£ҲǼﵽϵĻƴҾЩķչؽؾĺյκͷĲ죬澳Ϊģֶϱ־
ɽǹ꣬ǿԭһƬ½
һ죬ͩڲṩڲϢЩϢʽлԱš
ʱһ˹еүˡ
̧ͩһƣŴƣͦε˫壬ۺӣңϸѩ˵ĺɭ֮صĹȣͩٿᡣ
ôˣͩЦǺǵ˵
ߣǹؽǽ۸˼ҡ
Դͩӿ˵һЩ淨֮֮;ˣܵиӮ֮ͣĶע˭ң˭Ͳ·̺ͩ졣
ԭֶעȷʵЩ𣬵ǴҶһˣҲͲһˡ
ǺǣˣʰһǾҪ뿪ˡͩЦ
ַʲô£ʵ
£ֻʱҲˣЩѰñԴɱ֮٣óѰԵͩ˵

Ҳνͩʮ֣δΪң
ʰһ֮󣬴ͩ뿪˶õĶڣȻգȴǲͩȥ
ͩڷнֵ֮ϣಽ֮ȥ
ͩһעٵȻ֪
ѪЦʽʮҲȥһֱڷ֮Уͩ
ʵͩ˼ͷͨƷǲ֮ͩ͵ͩˡ
ԣͩһǵһ֪ģڵ֪Ϣ֮ѪЦϵλѡ
绨ͯӣУĿжˡѪЦʵһϵľ绨ͯӣó׷١ѪЦʵĽԲðȻ˸Ŀ꣬Է˶һһ·٣߲Ტۡ
Ŷ֪ˣżϢǣϵѡ绨ͯҲƳٵӦ
ѪЦʽϵϰ컢Īȶˡ
ѪסѪЦʵĶʱʱѪЦ̣ѪЦʵĻ
棬Ϊ֮ͩ£
䲻֪ǷͩҲϢҷֵ֡ѪЦƽػش
֮ͬ£˳Թ֮⣬ûа棿
棬бضɣ֪һͬǰȥ󣿡Ѫ˵ĿҲǿ֮ͩ˵ķңջֵܷһɱǾòˡ
ǣҲգ汾һȥɣ²Ҫ⴫˶ˣѪЦЦ
л棬ףԱܡѪɲɵһѪЦʵ˼ԽȻԽá

ͩ˷Уһݹ⣬Хȥ
;ͩ˼η򣬷ɳ֮ٶȲŻһ߷һ߲鿴ܡ
գͩһһθı˷򣬸շɳǧﲻͩоԾˡ
ֹͩסΣվڰУųʶϸز̽ܣʶûзκ
ηͩľ黹ǿһ˿˿Լ϶˱˵֮УҲ֮һλ󷨸֡
ͩҲѧ󷨣ȻԴ˵ΪҲĵãϾ鱦ܲ
ɣηѣȻĳΪѣͩ˵ɫ֮䣬¶˿ɫ
һ󷨰εضһιĻڸͩͷգǰҲ⣬·͸ɱ
ĸӰͬʱǷķ
һĿֳ࣬־޽
һĺͯ棬ֳһСȡ
һκΣģֳһذס
һò볣죬ֻѪɫֳۣһ߱
ͩϸشһȻʲôڵλרڵȺϹֻͩĳЩףȫôѰĳ٣ǰڴġĳλԹ޳Ӧò˴Ļǰɣ
Ʒ֪ͩҵ˸óƺĸŶԣѪЦЦ
ͩˣһˣԼһ͵״γҲǸͷһôܻᱻʶƣ
ƷλҴ˰ɣͩЦݲ˵
ˣǰ˵˵أѪЦͷƤ˵

ðɣϳģǰ֪ĳ·˵أͩҲûٷϣҲٷϡ
⻹ö绨ͯӣΪӵ֮׷ٵ١ϳҪҵֶѪ㣬ǰʹùĶһܹȷ𣿼ʹҴҲûϵƷҲ㹻ʡѪЦʿ˵
ԭѪҵ˰˵ѪиɽɣѪЦʣ⼸λĳһ𣿡ͩʹˣѪ㱳λǺųѪЦ
λǰ컢ųŭĪųƹ绨ͯӣųƵѪЦһһܵ
ڸͩʩѹͬʱҲʾʵǿô־ܡ
ţû˵ͩһͻȻڵ
ˣɵһ¡
ѪЦһ仰ߣһʱ֮䶼˵ȥ֮ǰӪƶʱͱ߽⡣
¸¸£û˵ûϵҲһˣĵȥɡ컢ŭЦ
Сӣ㳢󷨵绨ͯе

ͻȻ˷Ϯͩ˿Ӧʱ䣬ɲǼͽͩУá
һֲӽ´ü֮£ͩµ棬ϵȻβơ
ãһ󡣡Ī޵֮䲢޴˵Ҳ㼫Ϊ˽⡣
˷ǳһ󣬲˼Ŀֺȴܹһ˵жסޱȡ


296  չʵ
ͩȻסˣȴ˿ûаɫ˵Ǿңʲôã
ŭ컢һ˳Ӷеľ޽һ־ǾУһҲ顣ֲľ޴Ӱ·һųͩȥ
˵ĶҲѪЦгһ˻𣬳ͩ˹ȥ
绨ͯһӣиֳɰǧ׶ݡͩȥϸֱĻܿ׶֮лصػһЩϸ΢ĶӣЩе׶֮еĹ䣬еıͰ׶ڲʤ
ֻĪûκηӦֻӰҲȫʧˡ
ͩһȻжˣҲͬˣֱɱ֣֮ͩҲԴС
֮ʱ޻Ӱγһٵ޻ͼ޻ս֮е޻֮Զ
컢˵ĹҲȷʵýӣȻƿ˶ʮͼű
ȷʵͩҪѣҪһʱ䣬ʱǡǡǱߵġ
ͩǴ޻ս׵Χ֮ǰ
󣬱Ͼ֮е飬ʽﵽĿĵġ
ԣϣֻҪ㹻Ϳѳ谭֮ĽЧӦ
ͩףƾԼǰ첻ģ谭֮ĽЧӦǿġܹһ㣬öˡɳ򺣡ɱ
֮ͩ䣬õɱ
һƬɳͻȻ֣ɱ֮ͩϵĽò֧֣֮ڷɿʧ

ã绨ͯͻȻеȻӦü죬ɻˡɳѾѷԲﶼĲΧʮ׷ԲܹӰ첢õ֮ҲԴΪĵʮﷶΧ
ֻ켸ңҲˣǸ޷ֵĽ
ɱȴܹӰ췶Χڵ֮
౦ͼΪϡ͵౦ﶼͨɱģɱ֮²
Դ౦бԴ鱦ڡ
౦ֻɱû鱦
ɱǿõúˣʿʮϵʵȻ˵Щԭʵƽƽʿ
ͩǿľӢʿһɱʮôţӸĳҲǼΪ˲õˡ
ѪЦʡ컢ˣӴ˹ȡ޻ͼѸټ٣ۿҪȫƳ
ͩҲò˵ʵ൱ˣȻǳ޻ͼķжǿ
ܹȡʱ䣬Ҳ㹻ˡ
ͩ㹻Ҫѽʱ
һѶذͻȻ֣һĺۼ޻ͼʮ˲ơ
ذþɲͩзӦһذͻȻֱͩԴһģӰͩҲࡣ
ͩһ񱩵ͻȻ˴ƫһ£Ҫȫ㿪ܣͩط
ذ״޻սϣסˣذϵȴǴ͸롣
͸޻սʱѾ˾ųɾţõͩϵǿֻͩЩˣ㲻ʲô
ĪһϧһԲˣλӰͷҲصش˳ȥ

ͩĪĪɱ̫֮ˣ֮ǰͩȻ޷˿
Ӧ˵ɱſ֮ǰͩ޷δһδͻȻʱʵһЩ
ͩûɱѪЦʵƿȫ޻ͼĪͻ˫ذɱǸʱΣգ˵ɥ֮ǡ
ͩ뵽ɵԽӽ˼֡
ͩƵƶʱת
ѪЦʵˣ׷򿹾ɳһʱ֮䵹Ҳల¡
ɶͩϾȻɱҵǺã绨ͯѾ˱֮ġ
ɱΣҵҲ컢ߵ
Կҵ̫ԿʱһãȻܡôʱǰȥɱˣһơѪЦᵥ
ɱĪֳһ˵
ãλóѹ׵ıɣ޷ƽϢղҵѪЦҲδΪƶҡ͵ӡ
ʵչһʱ֮䣬Ȼɳá
ͩȻǽҲûбҪգǵѡԶ
ǣͩóնµָĪ
Ϊ֮УֻٶͩǼɵ
Ī֮ʱѾǰ޷ȫ㿪ģҲѡ˱ܿҪӲܴһ
л鱦˾֮ȻĪ˵ɡ
ĪºȻһֵ֮ǿ

СģһаңһбȻмСĪе
˽𾪣мʲôǴֻдսʮϵǿʿܴ
˶ûдﵽһһ֮ⲻ֪ʱա
һҪͨżһƲԶʵǵ
˺µͩݺ䣬ܹͩǧУͳԽǺܿһ޷ǵٸһЩʱգӵĳɾֻΣ
ǿ־ǣ˽κβͩԺûˣܹѣպͩͬһ
Ǻƴˣû˿֮ɫûмᶨ־ôܣȻѡôһҲڣ
ѡ˾ͲڣȻûл͵ĿܣǾֻƴˡ
ͩ᲻ǹǽҪԼƴ
ߣƴҲÿҴӦӦͩƲƲ죬
ͩβϵر䶯ԶԶصˣȲ˾ҲΣվ롣
ͩɲұ֤ĸ֮ͽᷢԼ汳ġ
С˭ҲСЩڻ켣ڰսܹΣڵЩˣÿһǣСǾڸԼ鷳
֪ûʲôֲĺֿԼһꣿ
ȫһһЩǺõġ
ʹˣͩƾһܹ֮λǰ࣬淴Ӧͩʵˡ


297  
ǣ
ͩնµѪЦʡ绨ͯӡ컢ÿ˶ͩһǡ
컢ԽΪܣǰ˱һɾƵõ˽ǧײͣȴ˵صͩһ
޴Ľֻһҵϸס
컢ת޽һۣȻϸ޸лһĨɵ֮ɫΣ͸ն¶µٶȼ죬ʱ򣬸Զ㿪ƴͷһϸС
컢ѽһͨ鱦ĲʾȻҲһԵĺۼɼǿˡ
λСһЩԱǶƣסҪɱսҲա컢ѵ
ѪЦʵǱó˴ıǶһĶǰǻסҪ
Ȼͬ컢ԣܹЧؼ⹥˺
ͩһ£벻ԼĹȻҵⲻӦйľڡ
һֹ깥ҲͬӦķֶλǸֶΡ
ʱ򣬿ľǹǿǷǿˡ
ͩͻȻ䷢֣ԼһмǵĹƫƽʱʲôһʵս֮оͱ¶˳ϾһмСɲεĹٶȣȴֻеͼԲεĹȷʵһС㡣
һеĹǱ̲ݻġͩѾˣһս֮󣬾͸ʱѡǡһеĹ빥ٶӦĲβС

أѪЦʵҲͩĹȻٶȿ죬뼫Զǹȴûеôߣܳܵļ޷Χ֮ڡ
Ȼ˵ͩطնµһΣѪЦҲͬɱԣնµƾͱĨƽˣʵϣͩطɱ޵ġ
ٳɶ࣬ͩҲż۵ͬҲɱ˵ģ۵ɱ˸ܡ
ͩһǽһǵļǣѪЦʵûƢǣ·ҪǮһڶ̶һʱ֮ڣǧǡ
ȻԪȷʵ𾪡
ͩ޾תԪĺôɣͨʿ򱶡ʮϡָٶҲͨʿ򱶡ʮ򱶡
ѪЦʵ˱ͩ㲻ҪǮؿ˦мǣʹǹûдﵽмĲΣͬҲǵͼԲĲΣܹﵽιˣ̫࣬ҶսʮĲĸ֡
ɶСӾʲôȻ˿ķݽ𣿡컢ƵֱţǴԵѪգȻ˲ᡣ
ѪЦ̷ϽĻָ񵤣˵ȥ˶ô죿
ڽ߽ǾڰսսӢҲһֻֿź;
֪ǰ·ԼĸоٲҲ־塣
£µǿԼһһ
仰߼Щìܣȴʵʵڵġ
۵ɱȻõƵѪʹ֮ȴһǳַʱ顣
ͩѡĻܹһиɵǣα˷ʱأ

һУǳԴطںϸַ֮һֹɣ˵ĵľ͸ĵġ
ԣҪĹֻطĲΣҲǹٶȡ롢׼ȷԵȵݶҪǵҪҪ׼ȷ׼ȷ
ҪطΣͩʱ֮Ǽ
ͩȴ뵽˵ʦ֮ʱἰһֿطԵķ
Ǿǵӣ
ѵͼм߼ʼۼط
ôططĺչ
һͼĹطھһĵ֮乥мϣԽͼչۼϡ
ǣ۰ˣӹûܹһ㡣
ɷϵǣչǿطġطͨӣطͨӿͨӿ
ǵȻٶȿ졢ԶطڱϣһֹطͨӵĻҲ仯󣬵ĹȻõ
ʿķ򣬷ԽļԽߣЩ߸ϵʺ֮ޱȣΪǵķ൱ߡıȻ
ǾԵ

ǺȴǷ򣬶иǿơԽǿĵӾԽࡣ
ȴƣΪ
һƣǺ޷ķȻ޷ߵ񼶱𡣾һƣþųɾŵʿ˷ʱ档
ڶƣطԽǿʩչʱķľԽߣֹĵӡ
ƣӵطԽߣԽѿƣҲԽѵӡ
ƼʹúչΪһֻΪͼʿ̻ǿƵһзʽ
ͩ뵽ͳῪʼѹںǼǡ
ԭһоѾڼطҪǼںΪһ̸ס
ͩڷ֮ʱϸŷתȻһһ㳢ԣ˫ͬǼǡ
ţ˫ļͩĿ֮£ʼںϡտʼʱ򣬳֣ʹط󽵡
֮ͩ¿֧ŵѪЦʵԵظܵĽ͡
ףƺˡѪЦʾе
Ѵﵽޣֵǣ֧ȥҪ˶þǷ֮ʱˡ컢ϲػš
ٺٺ١ͩôԴΰĵˣ˻֪ʲôвҲԣ绨ͯӷеЩЪ˹
ǵģһ֪ʲôпֲһֱĬĪҲŭ͵
ݺҲмʮˣǱͩСѹƵúһ㹶Ӳдֱһ裡
ѹôãۿҪ٣Ȼʱתÿһ˵ķӦ൱޴
ͩǵЦһ˵ܹ˵ɣúʱɡİ࣬ϧĳЩ


298  ʸ
ͩ˵վͲˣӴɳ򺣵ʹչǿ֮
ţ̧ͩͷһԶü漴Ĭؼоط
ɳӾ磬иܵľѪЦʡ컢绨ͯӺĪˡ
ôܣ绨ͯӴе
ܣ컢е
㣬ⲻġѪЦ̧ͷżʸ״ͩ˵
ĪҲ侲ˣ쵰ô¡
ȻͩǺֻԽԽСԽԽǿ
ͩЦһûнӻרڿϵ
ǰ˺öΣûһγɹ
ͩƣҲӵʱ򣬺ȻһȻѹһȻͩƵؼ
ɺϵǣһĿ꾹ȻһѾ޽õİ컢
һαɳİ컢Ӳһ
ʵؼѣҲͨ鱦ľ޽һף͸壬ȻǾȴھ޽ϡ
ǿĳʹǱ˵İ컢Ҳղס޽޽ݺݵײ˰컢ԴϣɳԶ
컢ˣ˫ֹס΢ԴĳһԵĺۼһ͡
ͩԶһĻҲһϲȻã
ͩŸղŵĸо˼Σʧܼ֮һѹں˳
ͩǳȷذ޴İ컢
컢ķӦҲǳ죬ֻһؿڣװ׾ȻԶϣΪһĶӲصסһ

ս׾Ȼˣָֻɰ״˰컢ϡ
ˣನھս׵֮Ȼõ컢ϣʹɱŻһѪ
ףɱ벻ôáͩҡҡͷ̾
зɱ컢ɱɾе鷳ˡɱˣǺܿҪĸ²пܸɵ
ͩûʱ
Ŀתƣͩ˳֮ǰĸоʧʮ֮һγɹؼһεط
һͩѡĹĿĪ
ĪԴɱԷͩһεĹȻסͩһȴҲ˳صĴۣƼء
ͩˣٶȴ
ۣۣĪüĺĿڸһΪ֮еһˡ
绨ͯӡѪЦԼŷɱ֧İ컢ؿһУԴ޼ƿʩǶѱ
˶һۣӿ顣
ͩɱǣҲ鷳ġѪЦЪ˹ؽе
˵ЩʲôãйԼ鷳Ѱ·ôѵֻ鷳Ͳ˻𣿺٣ɱǣΪĳ˺۸ͩЦмط
ɱףҪɱ˰֣Ƕʱ˵ʱڣͻнֵ˳֣ʱҲֲ˺ȥβʹ˰֣Ժͣ绨ͯӽе
ֹ֮ɱ¾߲Ĺ涨Υ𣿡ѪЦʸ͵
Ҳܣ˭ң˭ҵĵˣ˵ֻҪ˵ĵ˲ҷġͩں˵

ѪЦʵһΣν㶵ģǹˣͩˣҲް취
ͩηطѾҵһĹɡ
Ǿƽ⣡
ƽ൱΢ûгǿԪͲҵ΢ƽ⡣
ͩǶɵƽͣǿԪƿأͩǿ
ԣͩѸٵҵƽ⡣
ͩǺһĵط֮Ϊʸǣ
һУܹͩطﵽмĲΣֹ֮£ټնµûзɱûܹԵ˼ǡ
һͩ´ġʸǡɱľ绨ͯӣ
һУʸǣͩ־ٵֱָ绨ͯӣڵĶ˴
΢صںһȻӵⷢ
գۼ䣬ʸ״ѾϮ绨ͯǰ
绨ͯӵɱһɱƷ˿һűɱ൱޴
űȴû֮ء
绨ͯӼѵصֵͩǶʸ֮߶ͩɱΪڶ֮ˡ
ʱ򣬷ɱļֵˡ
ɱǿһƣͳ˷һ㣬˷ɱȴ澳֮£ͦš

컢൱ľԳǾ޽ͣסʹþ޽Ҫƾ޽ȴһɱǼ۵İףȻһͨɱ
ףǳ֮гȡıЩջ񣬴Ͻģõʱ䲢
һΣȴ൱á
֮ǰ컢޽֮󣬾ѾɥȪˡ
ѪЦҲһޱȵķɱǷǳɵǣѪЦеķɱһɱ
ĳ֮£ɱûһɱء
һɱ֣ԹԹҲǲֵܵͩĹһӡ
ѪЦҰļڰս֮ϣûмֵģֻڸǧսսϣ࣬԰ɱѵϵľ޴࣬ѡȡɱ
ˣɱͩĶʸʱȴ൱ߡͩĶʸǲ깥طԵĲꡣʲϵĻֶΡ
ͩɱ绨֮ͯ󣬿ѪЦʣЦֵˡ
㲻ɱң˽ɱϢֹ֪ˣһᱻǣѪЦʻֵ̿ؽеģͿԵȼΪ񣬻ԪۿڼҪ䣬ζġ
ͩЦЦ˵֪˭˵ʮ֮һɽУѪͱҲգȰ˵ٵһȣһ
ͩɳӷԲ֮⣬ʮ֮⾹Ȼһˣڴ֮ǰͩȴûз֡
ȻۿѪδɱǰҲԶΡ
ָͩʮ֮Ѫ㡣
׼֮һǶʸ
ۣϱü俪һ㣬ѪԴһͷʬ嵹¡
ʼն֪Լôġ


299  
ͩһץɳ򺣵Ѫʬʮ֮˹򵥵һѳһɱԼ
ѪЦͻȻЦãܺãͩɱңպұȻǧٱػ㡣ѪЦʼѪʬ֮󣬷Ц
컢ĿһУɵЩͬؿѪЦʡ
ѪЦཻô꣬컢ǳ˽ѪЦִǼ˥ͩٵѪЦʼžӢټѪЦԼҲˡѪҵ֧һȻ롣
ͩԶ֣ѪЦʼĳҾͻһѷض֡
컢ڷˣĵ֮ͩΪУѪӰ죬ԸͶһɣ
컢㡭ѪЦסˣ漴شеΪŹЩ»𣿹
κε𣿰컢ҪˣΪŹնݲ紵ĵѵ㲻֪ʵǼɱٿ֧һ£һ¾ѪЦʴȰ
컢֮ҲףѪЦʵĻȷġ
ȻԼͩΣҲ֪һԷߴӦԼ˵ֿͷַڰԼˣľֵ̫ˡٻһµʱ֧ȥһ֮䣬һʲôʣԼ˵Ϳӳ졣
컢Ҳһоϵˣ˻ԼΪ
컢Ҳˡ
ͩҲû⣬ͩǲˡ

˵ıǴˣͩתͷ˲Զһգɣѣ㿴ôõϷҲ³ˡ
ڴʱһӰ֣һƬɳ˱һ֣ӣǴӹӰϡԷֱһŮӡ
ܹҵɳǰ磬ز֮ɣͩǵŮ˵
磡컢ѪЦʶϳߵݡ
̧ͩͷϸһߣ˾Ȼս֮һ磬ͩǵӦǰʮڣҲǰʮ֮УΨһŮӣ
̫ͩ˽սǰʮĸ֣ʵжǿһŮܹһ㣬൱ġ
漴ͩɫͳ߾Ȼ磬ɱڵ¿ɾˡ
ͩһ֮ȻƵ˵˾أĽٶƮѪҪ졣翪˵תһ崺֮С
ôѵҲڴĳ⣿ͩǾԲǴɳġ
ΪġָѪЦ˵
ģͩɫŭ˵ΣѪЦʶ
磬ǳȥͩ˼а񶾣ĺȻΥڹ򣬲ɱҵžӢʵ˷˴治ȺĴ컢ϲؽе
ֻѪЦһ˿磬û˵
ˣ컢һҶɵĹҡ絭ɨһ۰컢еâ̵ð컢۾ۡҽĿ겻㡣

ѪЦʴʱԴڲԾ΢΢
תͷͩͩ˵ĿȲۣøΣ
ͩһĹâʵôг𣿡
ֹг𣬼ֱ죡˵
͹ˣʵҪɵѰɣô죿ֵͩʵ
ս֮ϵĸ֣ʵܱԼǿһЩѪЦôĶ֣
ߣ̫Сˣ˸ɵĹһΣôһֱúúõġΪҲɱ𣿿ôҴûҵᡣ̾ҪһΪԵʣ﷭˴ҲĻˡ
ͩˣسѪЦʺͰ컢һۣа벻һô˵ҲǵùԼ
ͩһ磬˵ǰҵն˰ɣ
ҲֻĶܵĴ㣬ֻҲ벻Ľ˵
ҲգѪЦʾͽˣְɡͩǺЦ
лµ飬ҼˡͷӦ
漴̧ȣ֮ѪЦǰԶ۴âؿѪЦʣ˵ѪЦʣû뵽нɣ
Ѫĳݺһ벻䵽³磬Ҫ־Ϳ㣬ŹңպһڣѪЦʱҲȥˣ켣ս֮ˣµͷʱ򣬻ľͲ

ǣͷˣôţͩؽе
֮ǰѪЦʻмֻĻᣬĳ֣֪ԼһˣȻˣѪЦʻʲôµģ
ͩѪĳԣ벻մ㣬һȴۡѪЦʷ߿˵
ֵ֣һϣҵһѪЦʿ˰컢˵
컢Ĭ
綯ˣƮƮһѪЦ˾ͱ촷ۡ
ԭѾ;ƿˣ綯ֿƲۣʵȫ
ѪЦһصӶǺö
ȴǿһۣתͩ˹صͷлȴҶԸԶҲǡһˣ£Ҳ˵ȥġ
˵꣬˻Ϊһ뿪ˡ
ͩҲûɳ뿪ô뿪ˡ
粻ǵˣɱѪЦʣ˱֮⣬Ҳͩʾ⣬ҲɱˣԾԲѽй¶ȥ
ϾɱȺɣû˸Υ
ûԶɱ˵Ļͩ˵治ҷ뿪пܻһܡ
ˣ컢ͩ뿪֮תһŵĵˡ
ͩɱս׻ʱڣκβңαأҲʹߣ֮ԭԹ޳һҷģպԲٳǰ컢Ȼ¶˾ľͲٷѪЦ˵òһµʱʵ̫ˣм䷢ʲô仯ǾԼڡ컢ĵľͩҰִҲұ֤һ²ᷢʡ
컢Ϊһһ̫СĳˡͩһԴһʮСɰ˽Ƿ˳
ͩѱ컢һеգ


300  
⣬Ƕɱ컢־ؿͷϵľ޴
Ӵ컢ͬǼɼһС
νĶɱԶ֮ĳƺִӵڲռܹӡѹȶعܾһıɱ
ﲻͬǣɱƷѾʧˣִ֮ɱǴԶġ
ɱƷΪϡնΣҪɱƷʽʱûܹˡ
ͩЩŬضԼˮƽȴûȥӴɱƷһˮƽﲻΪͩӸ˽⵽ɱ֮ͩûдȥ
֪ͩɱƷȺǿҲܻͩ
ңͩ䱦Ǯ˽⵽ɱ󲻽ȫԺͰȫԡҪɱһΪ֪عЧǾѹˣ
һ˵ʱѾزˣȷʵڡ
ÿһ鶼˰棬˲һ㲻ģļ仯ÿ˺ľ֮ʱ֮ʱ
ʱʿǶΪ˳Ӧ֮ӣһ£ѣ˲кľ֮˵
֮ˣǳأСԣأķǳ֮졣
ԭĹɱԭ;ѹ֮ãչɱԽԽǿԽԽࡣ

Ǹʱ๬ɱǳУÿһҲʿӵһ
ǵʱɱҪĲѹˣǵһɱɴˡ
ԡٿؼ򵥡ǿ̶ȵȹܣǿͰȫ
ͩ컢뱦֮ʰһֳ뿪˴˵ء
һºͩ˳˰컢еĺ󻼡
֮ͩص˷һαչأһջҪǶطչջ
˴αչأʱ꣬ͩؽ˳õıչء
һԭҲΪӵ롣
Щ֮꣬ͩĽ𽥼ʱʱҲڻַ̽£Ľ֮£һЩ֮ͬ佻ĵᡣ
ᣬһЩ֮䣬໥д۵֮
࣬һЩҲС
ͩҲʶ˲ٵѣõؿҲشңҪջǳ֮󣬱Լһ˱չؿ޻ҪøһЩ
ͩӵ¥۵ܹʿӢһʿ
٣ͩˡһʿ˹к
֣֣ƺе˰ɣӲһĵᰡֵͩز
ͩЩǲʶĺѣ֣ݡǵռ֮Уйһ֮Եλսʮ˵š
ȷʵͨĵᣬһμᡣ֣ݻش

Ըꡣ̵ͩ
ϢǶǱ߷˴ģսսԽԽ࣬䶷۷塣֣˵
ʲô£֮䲻ŽأʲôϡģͩʵòŲסˣȥȭɣ
Ǻǣ⵱Ȼˣ嶼ŲסˣȥҲû̫ôһԭһޱȵеɱ֣ݿ˵
еɱˣͩ˵ؽе
Ļμͽ͵ͨˡеɱļͨɱһǱֻһķ˵ͨɱܹġ
棬һеɱᣬܾܿͻСȺΪͨɱѾ൱ѵ֮ҪؾĻɱıǶϵ¢ϵװ
еװɱҲѡ
ڼֵϣеɱͨɱǧϣ
Ϊʲôһؾǰ󷽵óͨɱװӢҪɱʱռϷ磬رеϵɱǲĴͷ
ͨɱ˵ʵڵģ۷嶼ܹԼƳһͨϵɱƾˡϵɱĲΣûĸܹˡ
֮ķĲʶ̬ϵĲ죬ռսԴ
ɱսԴ֮һ൱ҪսԴ

һʱʮλӰͣԼͬؿ硣
ͩһȦЩʿͩʶ֮жйһĽЩӢԸͬ壬ûͬ塣
Ҫ˵ͬ壬Ҳֻ֣ͩݺͬΪ塣
Ϊĸ嶼ӵһӴ˲ŴʹǿҲʮλսӢѡ
壬ܹһ͸͵Цˡ
λѣյȷϢһеɱѾ˵Сֱ֮⡣
ڳܶʿ֪ϢĸȺϢôġ
ͩҲΪ֣࣬ݲŻϢ档
᳤ټˣֻΪ˰Ϣô򵥰ɣλʿʵ
ǰ᳤лֱ˵ǡһλʿϵ
ãǾֱ˵ˡŴҶ֪ἴʼˣеɱ½Ǹʱ򣬾Ͳǿһܹ֮ѹȺ۶ñôˡλĶԱǸӦŽɱ˵
⣬Ƕɱ֮󣬸ηأһλʿʵ
ǵֻһ¶⣬ڲҿ԰ȺʵҲʵᣬǿһֺʣ翪ʵ
̷ֳˣе˵䣬е޳ɰʵ䣬еⰴճС䡣
Ĭؿš
֣ݰͩһ죬֣ʶ˵ûУˣٳȥͣôȺĺôٲ˵ġ
Ŷͩɻ󲻽⡣
ÿһǸ֮һӢĸ֣Ҳ˶١ǣǵĺȴûȺôеɱϵʱ˵ǴﵽѹȺ۵ĵزһԻΪλ;Ⱥķзֲؾķжʮļһּ룬ŽǺ֣ݿ˵


301  
֣ͩݵ˵֮ҲеİȺһǿҲɰǧȺȡԣȺΪģŽһ;
Զʳһɻ飬ֽ֮УǣǿͳҲŽһ齨ˡ
ҶɷֲʹԽԽܡǣ˵ȨȴǱȺвС
ͺñڣ嶼ȺĴ²ʸеɱᣬС˸ʸҲûС
ҳһ֮վ˵ȻҶûһһµ⣬ɣ
Ǿʵγɷ˳򡣡ղŻڳʿͬش
ĻȺȻ֮ڵһҶΪԼʵˣԾʵ
ãȻˣұһԣȺΪλǩ£ô
ܺãλʿͬˡȺΪλǩҲûа취£֮ͬ鵽һȥɣ
֮У൱ŨҸٹ̵ġڲôңǰҪάһ塣
ֳǩ£ȺԽԽԿͬʱֱԣԽȺȺʵҲԽǿֻ˲αԡȻҪֿǩֵıԻڲ֮以˸̭˰ɣ
ʵҲһŴ

صǺܺңҰһƫƧĿأþͨ󷨵ĸֽˡ
źǩ˳룬һ֮󣬰պƵ˳һźͶűԣźĺűԣźűԣԴơ֮ͬ
Եһʮˡ
ͩеĺ15ţҲ͡
ֵˣжкˣڵһ1ź2ŵѡϳ
һףͷ۵ֳһŵĺԳ롣
壬һС壬ΪǵǳͣÿһֻҪӵʥ򼶵ΪͻƵ񼶷ǳסȻС壬ȴڵ߼
ѡľӢһ壬ܼ죬ȼȴֻ
߶ĸӹͬ쵼ͳ֮¡
аӢڶʵ֮жСӡ˹һǿš˾ȻײһȤˡ֣ݾվͩߣʶͩܵ
λдԣҪ˺йµ˵
䡣
ʿͬʱ֡
貨䣡а־ԼĵطмεطŮɢΪ⣬ֱϮҪ
ʿ˹⣬˷λΪһ硣
磡
ֻʩڵķ϶֮ߣ򻨴йƬҶմ
˵̾Ϊֹ

طͩҲǵһμʶ˵ͩһ־޸С
ķ˹գۼͽӽа
߲ƣ
аĹûãҪɱս׷Ѿ˰벽αһɾ޴
˹βһɱаסڳ˫ֳ֣һ״ıָŶԷһԴûйȥ
ɶˡаŭһҲɴˡ
á˹ûоȥ΢΢һЦ
2Żʤʤһ֡һϳ
֣ݺ֮ͩʶ໥̸
ĻӦаǿ󹥻ڷ˹Ӧ֣ʵҵĻѡԹԹԸǿĹɴ೹׵˺ٶԷһз
ͩЦҿҿҲѡܣȻٶȴܶԷ֪ͩԼڵλʱڵĹǿɽХһǿ
ͩҲЩӢǵı֮еԴ۽磬õջ
˵ܹͩظܵЩӢţԼĵ·Ա൱
аֵǵλʱڵȺȴƫڹ١
˹ߵȴһĹ·ߣߵƶֵĵ·
֮䣬һóӦսһóƫ档ڵ·û˭˭ӣʤֻʵٳϻԵ·εĸߵϡ

֣ͩݶڻཻ۵֮£ʱܿ͹ȥ˴죬̭Ѿ顣
ڰϳ
٣ˣͩҼʶʶʵ֣˷ܵؽе
ͩ˵ͷһ˳롣
ͩĶ16ŵĻʿΪмӡ
壬г壬ֻ弸֧֮һһ˼壬һǿ塣ڲ֮УҲ൱塣
Ŷмӵ治ãȻǿߡ
˵ˣ֮ͩĳţĽٶ˵ѷƮѪǱ߸ǿ͡
ͩеʿ֮ǰȴʶͩǺض࿴ͩۡ
һŶѣӦò̫ǿɣеʿмּ֮ɫ˵
٣֪ʲô۷Ⱥܹ֮ӱͩȻʮеʿĽ֮ɫ˵
۵õ˴󲿷ʿͬΪʵ̫ǿˣǴСĴ˵ģĸӹһηк͵һȡ
ָ̡ͩмǻǿţǰҲòһЩ̬
м֣롣ֿͩ
裡мӺһ֣һ־Լǿط
һֻ˫ƾճ֣ͩ˸˫ṥΧ֮ڡ
޴ĹΧ˰Գء
ͩſδõۣ֮£͸󿴴ʡ
ʽĴΧȻ޷УһڵĴڡ
֮ͩ£һ۾ҳڡ
նµһָǣ
һξнڵ㣬˳ڻҲ˺һӣͩ˽µѥһݳ˻Χ֮µķΧ
ͬʱͩڰתڶԷĵڶ֮ǰնµмһָ
ʸǣһξӵ⼤
һ֮ǰ˺ѻһǵһҪǿһΣҲֽͩ׶εǿ湥ط


302  ս
мӲͩʱѾ޷ˣֻüϵķɱһһǿǿȴô׵ġ
мӵβסرѪ˳ȥ
ͩһ̤мӵɵǰеֱһֱָмӵԴûһĹ
ͬʱְмסΡ
áͩ΢΢һЦ˵
ˡмӲǵѪǿ߲
ͩʤʤһ֡һ볡
Ϊǿߡ
Ȼɱѥӣǿÿ죡
˹˼һ˫ѥӾʹﵽഴ
ȻܹͩûжٶȣԴϵ˫ɱѥӣ˫ѥӿõɱΪϡУǳѵá
˹ԴֻпЦΪȵһͩѥӡ
ʿͩĿ࿴ͩʵõ˴ҵĳϺͳޡȻϿȻǹ㶼ǳǿرǹٶȸ˶޿ɶ㡣óķ˹Ҳظ֤ܹٷ֮ٵضͩط
ܿ죬ڴҵ֮£Լš
Һ׾ͽͩǿҲΪͩţû¶ζ
ɱѥؾĻ𼫴ĺ䶯ЧӦؾ֮УֻὫͩˣϾڳˣҲͬؾǧ꣬˭ûмʮɱ
ͨɱ֮еĹͷɱѾѴЩ˵ˡ

ʮһѡֺ͵ʮѡϳոսһԵ
Ŷˡ֣ݻ˻еĺƣһ³ˡ
ŶôôùȻͷʨ֣ݵĶһʿ򰣬һǽ塣һʿǿĽ
䣡ǳؾˡ
֣ҡҡͷתصԭλ
ƣȻĻᶼҡ֣ݿ̾
⻰ʿ٣ǶԼͬطһۡ
֣֣ͷƺͦͩʵ
ߣͩϵܰȻ֪ڵϵĴ˵ˣҴţ֣Ҫͩ٩һ٩ԼĻԻս֣ݵ൱һˣ˵ɤžͻ᲻Ծ
ϻ̫ˡ翴˹֣һۡ
һֱˬԵ֣ݾͷ·èһˡ
ͩĴЩûμ۵ᣬȻ֪֣ݺ֮ƺвͬѰĹϵԲͨô򵥡
֣ͩʵ
һ֣ݵͩһۣ˵ҡǸӣԣǸӣϾĻ᳤
Ϳɲͩ⡣ͩҲûмȥʱĵһֱѾҪӽβˡ
һԣϳıԣֻĶֻûе³͸ˡ
΢΢һ̣漴ɫˣһֱԽˣҪֳ飬ֿеڶֱԡм֣ûɣ
֮ѡмӣΪͩԭ򣬶Ϊ֮Уֻгмǰ˼ţλҪʿҪһЩ

мӵĴ֮뿪鳡أڵĿյٻһԳس
ܺãʼڶֱԡ
³ǩɡ˵
ͩһξȻ鵽1š
Ϲأ1ź2ŵһ˻˵
˶ɢ
ͩѺƳһȻһ³ˡ
ͩĶ־Ȼǿţ˹
Ŷͩǲֵġҿּ֣죬ҷ˹ǿĹֻҪУǾǷֵһᡣϧóĲǷΧǹҿκεҡ磡˹˵գλΪһ磬ͩ˹ȥ
ͩһʶɨеֱƽ٣ⲻͣر任ŷλңָĳ
ǣ
ǣ
ǣ

ͩͷ˶ξǶûджԷ
Ƿ˹ȴһֱͩȥ
ʵڸͩĹȷʵǳѲֻҪû׼ͷǿĹҲ֮ذʿ۵
٣ͩҲãȻ˷˹սϾȫ˹ơӢͬȻԼʣͩǿһĹԼҲ˵ܹܣһ㲻ȥ
Ϊ˵ͩȷʵޱȾȣ㿪ǵĽ֪ͩ÷˹Լ֮Ҳ֪ܲѡ
Ĵ𰸣ͩɲԷ
ͩ´ĶѥҲٵģٶȺԾԲȥ
ɱ֮ˣɱͷΣܵطʹá
һ˫ѥӣܹ˹ഴмεľ

һ׷һ֮䣬Ҳʵѷʤսֺܾܿʹ뽩֡
ͩһſɳ
һƬɳԳظڣγһص
ķ˹һƬɳƣԿ⣬ɼ֮£òֳΡ
⣬⣬⡭
򣡡
ⲻǰ򣬶ҰķΧҲô󣡡
ɱ
ͩȻӵɱȾ֮
ǿɱУ̫ǿˣ
ǰɱĶطֱƵѪ
ڳʿǿŻǰŸ֣᲻ͩط·ߵǵ칥··ֻз˹ֽƫ·Ÿ˿ͩ·ߡ
ϾĹǿٶٿ죬Ҳ˲аɣͺԶ̾ѻǹһ׼˴ѻǹĹǿԶҲǰ״
ͩͩƫƫɱһһӾͰѶָסˣȻôô
ʸǣͩɱóûб֣һʵòʹöʸǵġ
ͩ˳Ծй˽ζУҪǷ˹ͩҲðɱعˣٲôع
˹ͩһʸǣѪɣƲᡣ
䣡˹ʮֹؽеһ֮û˰ٴȥˣرеƶˣٴȥҲûбҪˡʵֵʱҪˣɻϵһЩڱͩһǣ»ʹ


303  
ɱĳ֣ȷʵǳģڳʿÿһﶼӷǳûĸ¶˿̰֮⡣
֣ݿͩʤʶ벻㾹ȻӵһɱǿˡҪ֪һɱܹʿʵһΣ챦󰡣
٣﷢ɧˣλȥ֮ѵȺһһɱ𣿡ͩʵ
ٺٺ١ǵǡ֣ûзȺ˵Ⱥ֮Уͨɱǿ϶ڵġѴǮҲǲܶһһá
Լš
ֻٶԱ֮ǰһҪһЩˡ
һʱ䣬ų˳رˡʵϣֻˣ֣ݺĶֶûг־ˡ
ֱԿʼˣһγǩһֿգ˵ǣֿյ֣ݡ
˳һ֣֡ݴЦ
ͩԴûзκ
Լţһ֣Եʱȴǳݡ
ʤһ֮䣬ҵʵ̫˭ӵúã˭ܹȡʤ
ֵܿͩ³ˡͩĶǷǿżѪ岻Ƿ֧һͬ壬Ʒ߼һ̬òΨһڷз꼴ռΪЩƶڲ֮ŲһЧ
һһ㣬ǽΪߵȵ壬ҲȺʿıرѡ֮һ
ͩҪ³볡أ־Ϳһñˣ䡣
ڳ˶Դ˲ûбʾ֣ϾͩʵѾõ˴ҵϿɣʿ
ڱ֮ǰ׼ʿضռǰʵȺλģûܹıһ

ͩˣ˵ͷƽ߻ԭλ
ϲ㣬ʵõ˴ҵĳϣ˵ʽǵȦӡ֣ʶ
ۣȺ֡
ǺǣллͩЦһ
ͩעܿת˱Գ룬ڱԵ˫ʵǿĸ֡
λնǿߣųսλľӢ޼ɣϵնһµʮΪߵһλĶѪ˹˹ͬնɱļ¼ʵ˵޼֣ݸͩܵ
ͩڰжʿѪ嶼壬Ⱥϲ㣬࣬ʵǰ˼ˮ׼嶼źڰ츳ǿյĳеӢŮĽ߰ǳѪ߹󲢴棬ѪΪ
嶼ǳ֮Ϊ;Ĳͷһ֧ĶǡѪǶѪһ
˹˹ˣԵ޼ḧųն˵
ʵ˵һ治ϡ˹˹¿ڴͳһŰɫ˿ֽյһѾµ÷·ƷԲϸ
ɣҵĵĽ졣޼̹Ȼصᵶбָ¡
㰡˹˹һ˫һλΪӰ޼ɳȥ

ͩ۸޷˹˹ڣа룬ԼԸһҲֻȺ幥֮ٶȡ
ƶٶȣͩʹǴѥƶʽҲȲϡ
գۼ䣬޼ɾͱӰΧ
޼ɶԴ˻޶ãᣬԲӦ䡣
˹˹Χ޼ƶһʵҲ޼ɵ㣬ֻǿˡ
ϸһͻȻֱ֣Ϯ޼ɺ󱳡
ֵɲǾѾ޼ǰʱûа㷴Ӧ
˹˹ľѪ÷һͩļһıط޷ܡ
ڣͩļԶ̹طѪ÷ǽطԭ˼·ȫͬȴܹ֮ͬ
޼Ҳû㣬Ϊ֪㲻ӭ˹˹Ĺһ˲ն
ϵն
һ쵶һǰƲɵ
뵶ײҪʤһǿƵѹ˹ն¡
˹˹һ˱ܣ㿪˵⣬һ뵶ָȫ෴λһ÷״Ĺ֣һα֮ǰĹ죬Ρ
ʱɢʱۣƮ޼ɡ
޼յһԵĵն¡
ǿĵȻܹ˾ᣬշ磬Ϊס
޼ɳ˲䣬˹˹˫͵һʧͬʱ㣬һͻȻڰ;ʧ
һ˹˹ƫ˼ȵķλ
ϵնĵ⼸ͬʱʱ˹˹ĽѾ޼ɵķ޼ɵ״һۼ

޼ҪյѾˣȻϴŷսף˹˹һѾ߷ֻսһۣûˡǣֻǱԣƴϾ˰С
ˣ˹˹벻㾹Ȼһ֣ķڷ޼ûʣеġ
Ȼ˵ĵƴʱ¹˭֣֪
ֹУʤֻһ˲֮䣬˰Ҳ䡣
ٺ٣ˡ˹˹΢Ц
ãһԹۿһھӢţȻкáһԿ˵ƾеһҲ˵кıԡ
˹˹ʤһ֡
űԼУܿˡ
ǰģֱ֣ͩݡ硢Ѫ˹˹ı
ʱ򣬲ûٱԣķʽ
ڵһ֣ڵڶͩӦڵģΪɱ˹˹Ǳͩƣͩ˵˹˹ģ塣
ܿ죬ˣ֮ɱķ֮УͰ˳䡣
Ҳ˵һɱָ磬ڶɱָ֣ݣͩļ˹˹ơ
Ȼɱֻ˳䣬䣬ֵܹʲôɱֻпˡ˵ļһֵܹһеɱأ
Ҳǲܵ¡
ԣ䷽ʽܵ˵൱ƽġ
νֵʡ̸£ˣȻſʼжͲΪ֮жΪڧʧܻǸķѡ


304  սǰ׼
һھӢǿ߻ص˻
ҶȥϢɣúñսɣҶǵãһټͱٶȼϡ˵
ˣҽɢɡ˵
漴ɢȥˡ
ͩصԼĶһضͽؼҽúз˳
Ȼ˵ҪչһεջҲ֪ҪѶʱ䣬ңǱ֪ͨҡ
ǣүͬӦ
ͩ˵ͷ˱߽֮˶ұչˡ
֮ͩȽ⼸֮õһЩ
ʶ˶λֵĽ֣൱ѵõһ飬ǰǲġɲռ֮еıȶΪֱȶٱ棬Ҳ޷ʵ֮У浶ʵǹĴøʵ
αشŵŲսһֱռˣ
ͩһֱԼޣ˽Ҳͬǿ֮Ĵ򶷵ʿԣ־Ϊѵá
ͩ˽ܽٵʿ˽ĻٶȻӿֲ
ͩڱչ֮֮ʱУĸ·Хһӿ˳
ԴӼǴ֮ǧû̫Ľչ㡣Ľָطȼ
ֻмεѾ൱԰Ϊʹڷ֮ϵ述߽Ҳ׳Ƶ

ﵽһ𣬾ܹս񣬳Ϊ׼ŵߴ
ȻͩڵļͣڵʮʮĲӣûбʽս񡣵ɷϣͩȷʵսεľӢǿˡ
չ֮ͩõһһǵط档
ǵıľ֮Ϊɣռ䷨Ϊں·Ӿںз
·ģ˵ףɾඡ
ͩȻչˣȴǴ˳ȥӪ䶯Ӫע⡣
⣬Ҳؾˡ
Ҫ֪Ѿ´߼ͨκһʿֻҪɵܹͩõ
ܹͩڻúúõģǶͩıӻ֮£Ӫ֮Уûĸҳ˱ӵĶͩ֡ǿǻĴѣǵѪЦʵˣҲֻҰиɵͩԲڸɵ֮ͩȥ͡
ͬӪ֮УҰиɵͩ˻УǸ֮ȥ͵ˣûУ
ͩѡںϽǵһǻ֮
ѡܼ򵥣ΪĹϵľ
𣬳ȡ񱩡ȡ飬Լǿ֮Уǿ֮һ
ͩʼ֮֮Уһ󴴾٣Ҳһ
ˡ̫ϸӦƪ͡Ԫʼ̵ͩڲű󼰵ľ޴ơ

ͩһαչأһվʮꡣ
ͩĳطǳԸǻټˡ
һ죬ֵࡱĹҲʱ֪ͨͩ
֮ͩ󣬵һʱüŮеȻռ䡣Ȼٶһ߳˶ȥϡ
ֱ˵˵Ϣˣ̾͹ȥչɣȼԽߵɱʱԽ
óһ鱦ııﵽɱҲ౦
ɱ켼ȷʵѾʧˡڵĶ౦ﶼǾµۻطչģõļԶ֮Ķ౦ļвٲ졣
µķչ鱦켼Ǳ˳ҵõơ౦ﵽڣҲÿһĺļ췽ҲΪѡ
ÿĶ鱦Ҳࡣ
ֻڵĶ鱦ԶԶȲԶ֮ĹɱҲûѹ˵湦Ч
ҽɡ˵
˶ս鱦֮СǴ鱦һܴǰ˴Ȼʧˡ
⴫ǧרؾĿռƳĽ͡
ӴγܽԴﵽٶȵĵλͶ
ִֻ󲢲󣬲ܴ̫ˣľԣҲòó鱦ˡ
ǿⷽе൱˳ڵõϢȻټ֣ͨ͵ӽ·صĵطֻһʱ䲻

еɱĳʱͨϣá
ϵɱĳʱԴﵽһ굽꣡
;ˣȼԽߣԽңЩ鱦ĸãһ鱦û
ߵȼɱɲһǵһˣûʵĻҲò
쵽ļ֮ڣûһ˷ĳȻʵ
ΪɱĶ̫ˣԶǧҲܹǰĶ
Ӵ֮󣬾ó˶鱦˸˳
ô𣿡ӵе
ˣǲŸմӴô찡
Ǳߣҿ쿴ָĳе
ѰȥĿ˼Զǵƽ߾ͷԼһɫ
Ҷ֮ʿȻܹø
ӣûг͸Ϲȥɡ˷ܵؽе
Ҷͷͬ⣬粻Ը絽ȴҲԸٵɶ̲Ҫá
Ҹϰɡһȵط˳ȥ
֣ݽͩһڸֶʩͨ׷ȥ
ͩһ߷һ£ǵһν˵Ķ鱦֮УȻʱ䲻ͩԵظоĶ鱦Լʮȫ޷Ტۡ
ͩЩƮƮȻȻֹܿͩסͷ
ɫâҫʣͩĺܿת˼ɱ档
ɽ仰еȻۿɼһŽֵ򣬸ֱ۵ظܵɱǰӴѹ
ͩڴ֮ǰҲͨɱ
ɫâַԲâκϸڡ
ⳡһԱȣѹǿȾٱͨɱǿ˺ֹʮ
ѹʹǿͩҲܵѹ׽ֵķΧ


305  ǰĽ
ǱߡָԶ˵ָķ򿴹ȥܹһսٳڿԿװվŵһӰӡ
սǳ޴󣬼ֱǷ·һСͳ򣬴ϸ
ɶ񣬹ȻⲻҪһˡаߵ
аĻ쵰һöԸ֣̾
а壡ͩҲΪȣа֮һ峤ǾĴа֮
а֮ĴԪ֮һȺ츳ǿ󣬴Ѫ˳꼴ӵаΪΪԺѪ˼ΪӴаǴѪѪ˵ͳơ
ʵϣƵ壬ָĻаĴѪˡֻаĴѪѪ˵ı110000
аͷаǣӴ
٣Ȼ˵ʿҪҪɵǣսаʿҲͬһˡ
ףȻӣ̫׺ˣǻΪȵɱ˵аӵϸһ֮ҡͷ˵
ԣϴˣǲͨͩаϳͩӡ
ͩԴɱѪЦʵ֮󣬾ûݸİˣΪҲΪûǸҪˣؾ֮УΪҲͰҪɱԼΡ
ףǴˣǣǷˣɱͩеɱҪаĴаŴе
ͨҲǷģͨҲһеɱǶȴֻЩ
ɱͩص֮ÿһܹرÿ·һϵɱҲ˵أ

֣սûˣаˡаȻǿ󣬿Ⱥ弸֮ϡٵһҲǸ֮Žһ塣
ʮа˶ͬ⶯֡
սķıһ£ֱӳͩڵķ
ףǳˣô£Ѫָս˵ճеɱδ֮ǰҶᾡⷢͻΪ֪ɱ֮ǰмᣬڴ֮ǰͱսֻñ̵
սȻ¶ʮڣڿڶ׼ͩһˡ
䡢䡭ڿˡ
ãڣ㣡ʵҪ˴У˵ķӦ൱죬ڿڷ֮ǰ͸ʩͨܿ˴ڵ
ʮڵĹ֮£ޱȵĴرըѣγһӣֱ
֮ʴ
裡

Ӫĸڶ֮жԶ̹ĸ֣ɷ˵ػ˻ȥ
а鱦սͻȻſһ֣˴󲿷ֵĻһЩ̫ǿƿ˷֣ս塣
սк󣬷˾ҵҡΡ
ɶЩһԽԽѶԸˡҪͣڣаƵ˵ǰŴ˱ȥ磬ڴҵװȼ˺ö࣬ʵսñѹࡣ
սڿһתȫͩЩԭõΪٿصģʽԲߵķΪԴڡ
ʮһη䡣
ͩٶȿûйٶȿ죬ڹϮ֮·޻սףһ޻ͼɵķֵͩǰ档
ڹϮ֮£˲˺˽ʮ޻ͼֱʮ޻ͼŵסڹǿĳȻͩϣʹͩڵһ㵹ɶ

ãǵĿͩ磬㱣ͩסǡ֣ݴеλȫְɣٸǿڵĻˡ
սϵһοˣĿȻǶ׼ͩ
ʱ˭ܿóЩаļһҪɵͩȴܼȡ
ΪǶӪ壬Ŀ֮£˭ҳº׷ǳء
ƴڵڹ⣬Ϊִ֮£ֻ´󲿷֣Ȼм©֮㳯ͩȥ
ͩǰķͼ㣬ָֻͼѣ൱
֣һ˳аŵ鱦սȥȫϺصսף˫ȭգһ˫צ״ۼȭס
һӣԴϲ֣֮
һֻľ޴Ƴͩǰͩʣµڹ⡣
ǣһնµ
ͩһֲӦ֮󣬷ֶԷĹѸ׼սװһа˵Դչ˷
ͩطҪ֣ݵһ͸鱦սķ֣ʮ־׼ػĿꡣ
һڲڵаҪٴοڣͻȻԴһۣԼʶʱѾˡ
ϴ󣬸ұ𣡡ֻü˵ôһ仰ȻʶԶĺڰ֮УҲѲˡ
ߣаڲرǴѪ֮ǳŽᣬֵܡ˵а߲
ҸϽǿķаǵһ͸ԼսķֵˣҪѾˡ
ͩչʮ꣬¸Ľļط˻֮֮µļǵĹٶȸ죬͸ǿǿǿ

֣ݵڽӽ鱦սȭһȭȭ
һȭⲿ־ͺһһȭصػսĴϡ
޴鱦սز֣ȭͷ봬ཻ֮ȻԼɼһȭӡѺۡ
򰡢óսĸҲ֣ݳ嵽˶Է棬ǽؿ֣һȭ֮Чɵôһؽе֣ݣȭͷǰǿˣ⻹òǻˡ
Ǻǣµõһ˫ȭףɡ֣ݴЦ
һ޴ȫһɱ
ֶԼǿĹػ鱦սĴϡ
˱Ĺܹ֣ݵɱֵɱѷһ
а̲סջܵش鱦ս
ʮӴаڰգһ߹ϵ׵аޱһаʬ壬˫Ѫص֣ݵˡ
ûսһܹɵǣֵǣϣΪ߱𣡡аŭ˵ı߽ӡһֵܾȻͻȻټİ鱦սԪˣҲ֪ܲ޸ȫ
аŵһ֣ݣΪ֣ݸԼ鱦ɱصġ
֣ݣ챾Ҫɱǡаȫװ·һͷ׶ɱ¾
ӲӲɵ֣һаһҲǹڣװһǿɱװһʱѡݱܷâ


306  ¼
аǿǧֹ֣ɱؼ׻Ҳ˵ܹȫװа࿹
ɱӪĸִ֣аΪһˣѾ׷裬ѾֻҪɱͩҪɱΪߡᡣ
ҺϣҪǰ浲סа˱Զ˵
û⣬Ѿģеֵһаķ
壬а壬ײбŰ֮Ǵģʵǿ֮£ʹǳıҲ÷ǳֻ࣬м֮ѡ
貨䣡аھԶİȫشĶַ𹥻
裡
֮ʴ
֮

һʱ֮䣬ʮܹԶ̴˵طһһаĸк
սһʼͽ˸߳˫ƴ
֣аţ֣˵ȥæɣͽˡ
磬ңҸ㣬òףΪᣬҲưոݣаŭ˵ʱѾָǣ֪ºѴԭĿġ
ߣʲô£ս֮ϣҲǰ絭Ȼ˵
ɶ񣡽һУצаŭһһצץȥһצѰʵ˭ҪС˭ͻúѿ
צ֣СƵĹʵаŵǿֶΡа츳ǿȫ£ǡצβΪǿ̰ãаרצһצ֮£ض˺ѡ

ʵϣؾĿռޱȣڷռĻһצʹȻѣռ̮ĺ
ѩ۵֣һӣһֻ֣סаŵıɱһצڵ㻹Ҷ֣ǲԣ
˵գһȳһֻ֣ͬһаŵԴϣһͷΡ
ͩվԶԴ֮ǰһ͵ϮƵظɵһа֮ʹûٳˡ
˶ԴӶΪеؿͩʹطһ֮ɱһǱڵĵˣеľûпҲ²⵽ˡҲûǿͩٳ֡
аȷʵ൱ǿ·磬ÿһа޶һжǳȴ˿á
װϣؾĸͨĹɱͷɱμʽװ
˫Ľս棬Ӫձ鴦·磬Ҳܹסаĳ
ںóԶ̹ĸǣǷʩΪȫ
аͬŷɱӪֵķ񹥻ǿƵسӪķߡ
֣ǿսͷ˳֮󣬶˷ߵıסӪķߣú󷽵Զ̹Եøɡ
ͩĬĬؿⳡ棬ͬʱҲѰֵĿꡣ
֣ݣҸᣬƿһһķ˽ᡣ֣ͩ˵
֣üͷһݺݵصһͷͩطĿֲɱǼʶˡ

֣ݰĵ˱ͷ˹ͩļƻ˵֪
ˣһļϣ
ɱҲз޵ģβɷֻɱķޱ鱦Ҫߵöѡ
ͺͩ޻սףΪ㣬һٵ޻ͼֻҪ㹻ܹһ˺һٵ޻ͼֱܹӹսױͩ
ܹ֮ͩһɱһаޣҪĻڶԷʱڲٿؽڣûϵܹͩͻ鱦սķֱӹа޵ı壬ﵽһɱЧ
аɱͷͷĻͩһʹﲻô޵Чˡˣܻɱ
Էɱôʿ׷ӵһɱΣգĻҲܶࡣ
֣аӪһŴսʮĲεһЩа
аƾǿ츳óսڽսϣսʮĲ㼶аܹսľӢƴ·硣
ʵϣЩа˫ʮа֮Уûдﵽսǿߵķƿس̶ȣʵϣȴսǿˡ
֮УһЩС壬Ϸǳǿ󡣰ԱԱҲûеġ
ȭ
׼һᣬ֣ͻȻѣȫһȭһȭأȭ֮£˶Էķ֣жԷߡ
ġеаһʹӴȻ˰ס
Ͼţϵа˼Ͻһβɨ˹ס֣ݵǰ塣ңڵ֣֮󣬴µĻҲʮغˡ

ͻȻˣеͻȻ䳤ף͵һ֣ƵⲿֵаԴϡ
˹ͻȻӺ󷽴߲ܳƽסҪԮס֣ݵаޣ֣ݳᣬһȭ׼ʱڶӳ
ڴͬʱԶڴ󷽵ͩһȫġǡѾãڱ֣ݵĹЧͬʱͷš
ӰΣգۼ͹Ŀǰ
ġ𡪡֣ݺͱа޷زҽţǷɱĻ⼸ػ֮£ûˡ
ǾˣӼػͷͬһλҲǴһͷѣͷۻͬʱɱҲҪﵽ˷ɱķޡ
Ͼ֣ݵػϵĹɱɱ൱ֲġ
ͩ׼ȷУ֣ݺͱģҲüϲ
ǿĴ͸óΪѹƽһݣһСףüġ
һԷĴ֣ݺͱıһغʹ쳣ؽ˶Էʹࡣ
ֻǰһڣʶڽģ޾ƣӿʵ֧Ųȥˣô˯˹ȥֻһ˯ĳ˯Ҳûһˡ
Ӵһʧȥ˸ص˵ϣҳһǳ
Ͼţ
Ͼţ
Ÿ磡

аӪˡ
Ӫ߿ûͣ£˲ѹ˶Է
֣ݴһ֮ǰаޣһȭȭ
ķӦҲһӳ
˹ĽЧԶԷֻӲ֣ݺͱ˵ȺҲŴ


307  Ӳ
ͩĵǼǡ
ͷţ
֣ݵԷķɱҲǴڷ޵״̬Ͼ֣ݺͱ˵ɱ൱ǿģС
ͩһǼǣüģѵش͸˶ԷķȻȥ˽ɵĹʣµĳа޵Դ㹻ˡ
һĲҽ֮һֻа׹ڵأһ
ֽսаǣһĻشе磩
аűϼӱаʹŽսãλ֣Ҫ֪ĵּһҲͺͽĵֲࡣ
аһ壬Ѫˣÿһ߹ޱȣƾõÿһа˶ţǾѡεţа֮УӢţһǾ޴ʧ
磬ǲҪ̫ˣаŷŭؽеаŵĹͻȻɣҪƿ硣
ݣôãһ߾ӦаŵĹһЦʵ
ɶѵս𣿡аűʵ
ɫһ䣬м˵ƾǣҲ䣿
ûгɳţҲŶѣǳţ˵Ϊ˼ŶȺսǲܵ顣
ҲйսϣҲûΪ˷ʲôս
а˾ٷŭҲ޷йԼҲΪǵȫ濪ս˵ˣͣսʱڣ׿սˡ
ҳаŵϣ˳˵
֣ݵȴǽŲţֱͩſһ߾ߣδ̫Ƿ˰ɣ
ͩߵˣȻЩһﶼǳģιԾҪ
£ͩķߣ

ûߣֱ룬ǣټӰѾǾͰаЩӢڴ˵أǱ֪ˣһ൱ʡ֣ܵ˵ɲô
ãӦ񼺷ռƣɱʵ
ͩɱа徫Ӣõ˽ǧȺֵɲС
Ӫʿ
аǸ岻
⣬򣡡
򣡡
ྐྵȻӵһɱôźã
аҲܵѹƣʵ½һЩԭܹƴܾˣڴ֮£ƶԼ
ʱɱøɣӪɱʵѾǿڶԷԷȴ֮УҪܶǼ֮¡
ʱаӢѾ֮ǰҰĲĿһеΪʱܹ˵ء
ͩȻɱҲνʾһʵ
չʮ꣬ͩջᣬʵ
ͩһеնµһʮߵİ˽Ƿⱦͩ仯һΣҲƣУοȥͺһ̣һ
ͩһڹ֮ս֮УóΪͨɱС
ͩǿʸǼϱĿռطϣ豦
б꣬ɣ
һа޲ҽһ¡

ʮ
ʮ磡
аһο൱׾ȻͩԼĸֵܶͩϡ
ͩңаŴһϵıŰ֮͵ڣȻһαɣһײ֮£綼ײ˳ȥаžȻͩ
ͩΪȣԷȻܹʵ˾̾漴ͩȻˣϾҪƽ̯ʮаϣÿһа޵ΪʵȥԼаŸаǰǿ֮һıֲϡ档
粢ûзԶ֮ͩ˻
ϲ֣֮
羡˱Űеаţߵڣȥ᲻ͩҪԣ
ͩڣӪʵɱǵڲ֮أȺսͩĹҲʮǿаŹȥвͩݵؿ
аűսȫǿƵ޷ͩа岻Զ̹οǰĶ˽սϣԶսĻ鱦սϵڡ
ͩˣְĿתаϡ
ͩչʮ꣬ǡطһΣΪмСɲε϶ʸǵĺչˮ׼мСɲε۷ˮƽȻټɱмɲΡϱͨطԴطںϹʹﵽмԲĲΡ
ֲεĹзɱֵ˾ųɵĹ֮ʣµһҪĻҲɱһ

Ĳ൱ģͬͬλãɱͬһȫһͬɱ԰˵ģ˵
ͩһʸ뱾ͨںϹһ֮£һսʮĲ㼶а䡣
ʱѾûа޴Сֵ˻ˣΪѾԹ˲Ͼˡа࣬ͷųսԽ࣬ʱһаΧٶΧͬӪ֡
׼ȷ˵ӪĸڲҪаǿһЩĶԱսʮ㼶ĸ֣аʮа֮Уսʮ㼶аˡ
ǿһааűˣ϶а޷аó󷨵ĸ֣żָͬΧסˡ
ӪߵĸֶǾþɳˣǲûѡаӲӲȥǿƴ¼ʵҪսʤԷ̫ѣǿĻȡʤǿ϶ģҲزġ
еɱ߼ɱδ֮ǰ˭Ըȥˣ
⵵¶˶óЩаǳͩģͩٴҲЩΪԼƴɣ
ʱʮаѾа䣬ʣµʮҲסˣټɱЩһҲӲ
֮£ǳپǱ
а壬Ϊ֮һѪа֮еľӢţôԸȥ
ǣʮаѡ˱׵رºҵսҲҵͶ


308  ȫ
ãǽˣҲˣ뾡ǣ˴а˵ı˵Ǻ£ʱ򲻳ŶԷʵûдﵽ۷ʱ򣬶ɵ֣ܹЧؼ
֮ʴ
Ħն

ȭ

֮ǰһЩûóȫʵļһҲ֪ʱҪСĴȫЩаޣͱ̵ʱڣ޶ȵ˵ȻƱΧʣµаޡ
ʮб֮£ʹӵǿа޶ܲ½аֲҪΧŹ֮¡
ûа취ԭҵʵװڲ֮䣬ֻаƾ츳սҪǿһЩӪߵĸֶǱܱ뷨ûжȫͩɱ¾ֶչɱаøĸڳռ˾޴ƣټʵͲ£ͻȻɵаǺ顣
ΪһͩԶ̾ѻ֮¡
ͩһ˾ɱаޣЩа޿ɶаľӢţһ͹а۵ˣ˵ͩɱˡ
ʧ֮£аʣа֧ţҲʵǿа
ɶ񣬲ȥˣǶ군֮еа޷ŭ
󷨲û赲Ĵ˶ˡ
ԣǱҪʲôսҲЩһùа͵

磬磬СȥˣһаΧ֮¼ΣѾǿ֮ĩ£а͵˻һôһλ
ãҿ쳷֣ݴһ͵سˡ
䡪аԱԥԱһɱ
ԶЭʿǵһЩܹβԣʱˣȻȫ˳ԱķΧҲܿǿ򣬶ķɱǱǱһЩûܵʲôˡ
սʿɾͲôùˣҺöзɱȻܵըûһɥ
Ҫǻǰսϣ£Ҳһ˱ŵ汳ҺãؾĿҲһʿװˮƽһأʵ
ԱаǴ˳Χа޷սȦԱըನҲӰ쵽Χơ
ԭ󱻺俪һȱڡ
޲ʱа޷ȱ֮˳ģһ㱨ġ˵գһڱԱ
֣Ҳɱܵ˴ˣƲᣬһЩ˵ҩ֮ڻָ֮Уʱа޷ȻҳЩԱ
̧֣һƣΧͬǶ˲ˣʱ֣ȻԴУҪ𷴿֮ʱ
ͩĹʱϵֱа޷Ҫڴͬʱ֮Ӽɵа޷ϡ
а޷ڷͩʱ򣬱Ѿˣʱ򣬶Ƕ㲻˵ģֻӲͷƤķɱԪ֡طӲһ
ǰƴҪնɱзԱĿľͱ
ġزһԱԼʱˣսѾȳ
ʱ򣬵ûĸ侮ʯֵ÷ǳŽͳȡ

ᣡһ죬ͩĹȻа޷Ϊ۵סˡ
ͩһ£漴Ӧ˹ֱ֮ǰԼɵĵùҪǿһﲻֹ
ⲻ֣ͬһɱڲͬȻͬ
ʵϣͩڣҲûȫӳɱ޿κε飬˭Ҳûа취ϡ
ɱֻ񼶱ϵǿ߲ȫǿЧá
Ȼа޷ܹͩĹ֤ԷɱĲ̶ȸߣӳҲ͸ǿһЩͩӵмԲεĿ¹Ĵ֮£Ҳֻʣ°
ϧһȻֻһЩʹˣаƼҪ˶þͻлָ
ͩΧκԵսĿȷʵǴﵽˡ
ͩµļԱԼͬشͩл
еڶ񻯣һаŲסŭſҲҪԱҪ汳ġ
磬ˣԣȥұ֤֮ڲ鷳Ǿȥаѹڷˡ
㣬Ź𣿡ûлش𣬶Ƿʵ
аһʱԸռ˾Ե֮£ܷŹˡ
ãܺãаŭЦƫƫûа취˴ϰҲδֳܹʤ磬ⲻǵȺŹʹҲ˵ʮλֵͬΧ治ɫ
䡪һ챬ըһаԱ䣬ΧŵаҲôʱ񻹻ŵа˳֮⣬ֻһаˣаѹƵģǴıԵˡ
ͩ׼ʱһǶʸ˳ȥ
һаͩУͩһ©

ʣаֻбߵغУȴʲôҲɡ
ڳֵӪ֣߰ΪԷԱ˵Ա֮⣬ֱֳֶȫװΧסа޷а
ٺ٣а޷аҲн죬ǱӦڳ˶λвСĳԹǿ˴ñϣοشЦ
ߣҵȼսҲмλһ汳а޷аηػص
ͩм˹˵ΪǻбǮ̲ɣ汳ٺ٣Ҳƣ㻹浱޵ɳǺÿ𣿡
᳤ǱûɣͩʵջǱߵ֮ȫԸߡ
û⣬ģŵ˵
ͩһ֮еԸа޷аϡ
ɳ֮ͩʹõľͲǼ򵥵Ĵ߶ɱˣɱ֮еͨطҲɱ׼ȷӦ֮
ɳɱֻطһɳ֮
ͩչʮһطЩӦá
˵жôش죬һͬǲġ
ȻֽҲģֻܹס̶ȲԼߺܶĶ֡
ң죡Ӫ֣ɲɵӣһ۾޴Ļᡣ
ȫ֮£ɳ֮ȫסа޷ڷ̶Ͼͩಮ֮£Žйˡ
ɽХһӿа޷ûаԮˣ

Ϣסа޷ҽͱµطû䣬Ϊ촷ۣʬû£ҡ
϶
磡
аźаﱯʹشе
ˬӪĸִЦ
ϵܣһһǵһθܵɱһͬɣ
а޷Ҳн죬ܵܣ㿴ˣΪ㱨ˡҲа޷гĸִЦ
Ҽһͩȴûзɣ߶ɳ֮аҲͬ
ںԪڴ߶֮ʱͣģѾﵽޡԴﴢķʼͩģˣҲڲͣȼġ
ͩȻ΢ɳͨطҲֻǴһЩƤëѣʹóȫǿд߶Ľ
ͱȫ֮ʹطҪϰٱǧ
Ҳˣ֮ͩǰĻս֮Уûʹù
аʵа޷£а޷޷ɳ֮Ҳͬ⡣
ټӰѾһУ貨䣡
аΪ󷨣ܹ죬ڣУѪ÷˹˹ҲȫаҲ϶ˣҲԹٵĿвСĳԹǱĴʱ᲻ȫ
ڳĶʮȫʢ״̬ĸ֣Ҳûг
аһ־Σ˸ŰûڡʡߺޡԹĿ⣬޷޷ֻؿ١
аҲа޷ĺˣʬ޴档
磬Ҫ㳥а׽ƾԼʵӲطһڸֵΧ֮£ˡ
аͻȻ䲻Ҫسȥ
ϲ֣֮ɫ࣬һ߹һ߿ٵغˡ
аȫͲ㲻ӲŹ˹ȥ

ãҿֹ֣ݴе
һڸնɱа֣֮ݵĻ֮óԶ̹ĸֶ׷ó˾سаȥ
ͩ죬аҲˡ֣ѵ
ͩԹˣȴ˵Уҵķ޷֮ϵĸ֡
֮ͨаʧȥЧãʱаžͷ·һʱĻɽڱٽ״̬״̬֮£ʹɳκθš
ֳȻ״̬֮£һ״̬ʱǣһԿ϶״̬ǿǿӣȴ޷ת״̬Ҳ˵ȥаųԪͻ
޷תҲתȡȻ״̬ĺΪƷľ
˵ڷľͩȫʢʱڵͩаڵ״̬Ҳ޷ȫ
Ŷʮλս񼶸ֵΧٶȴ˿
ҵĹ趼ûá
ֻͩɳ磬Ϊһϣðɡ
磬һµɣаŷؽе
ʱаѾӽ磬ϵķѾﵽ˼ޣȥҲΌסôȫĴ
䡪аȻԱˣԱ֮ǰаԱҪࡣ

硪֣żøʲôƵģˣ׷аź硣
аԱ֮ʶؼеڵķ򣬵ʶļУҲֻԱʱһ˲ѣԱܻ֮ǲֹ翪
֣ñನɨʱѪɣص˵棬ҲﻹȻİΣ
һڸֶҽӽаԱ֮ʱûв̫ˡ
аŵԱӰ쵽ȶ֮£ͩջ򣬹ޱߵɳĮʧػָԭ״
ôӽըĵ磬ˣ
ʱصаԱʱһ̡
һ᲻õı飬漴ֱȡֻóһ˳ȥ
˲仯ΪһϣаԱܶϸ˴󲿷֣ʣµСŴ͸˵ϡ
Ҳʮǿķɱͨɱ֮еļƷ
Сֱ߰˳ɣʣµĶܻٴ͸ǿԪ֡
֮£ʵ䵽ڵƻֻ¿ѪЩ᲻صơ
аԱನȥ֮󣬴ҲŷӰԵ÷ǳǱƺûܵʲôƣҪľš
һӪǰ˿
ҪǿҲܵһЩǣ𷣡
Ҷû°ɣһ˵ҩϢһ֮󣬲վʵ
л᳤ģҵûд󰭡
û£û¡
᳤ģСƣû֮ǡ

˴Цݻش
ǵûʲôֳֻ֣ԱȦܵƲᰡ˵

һ֣ߣ˺۵ӣһ̾û°ɣѽͰ֣һҲ֪ϧԼ˵꣬ӻóһŹĵҩι֣ݷ¡
˹ˡ
һӪǣԴӶš
ͩҲʶȤûȥǡ
ذ֮ڰȼšа֣ݺ֮ĹϵǱѰó֣ݷǳ磬Ҳǳ֣ݣǶֲ˹ϵ⵹ͩɻ󲻽⡣
ͩûжʲôϾǶ˵Ĺϵûкõ̶ֳȡ
һս˲ȫа֮УûжʧһսսǳԻ͡
ҴսĳʱҲһѣսپˡ
û־ͨ󷨵ĸ֣ʱڲ÷󷨡󷨵ȵȣøԱһ塣
һһ˵أͻȻ֣ǿɾΣˡ
ͩƾٳȥʰսƷ
ֻǲѣ˼Աļһûκζ⣬սƷ
񾧡ҩͨߡֿƼƷͲ˵ˣЩһڸֶ㲻϶ô󣬵ҩ񾧵ǿԷһֶ֣ƣӰ˵ûȥ⡣
ЩսƷͩ磬䡣
ҪǣͩЩսƷ֮УûзʲôԼرҪĶԾ͸ɴ䣬ԼĻ׵ˡ
˳ö࣬ټʵ֮ȷʵһǿΪ𣬴Ҳŷ


309  еɱ
Ա֣ڶȶơ
λǰһսλЭͿ๦ߣȫаŵˣսƷȻٲ˵ġóͩռսƷ̹˳սƷܶ࣬ռͷɱֻʮ
еķɱռ֮һ⵹ǷǳıǵаȫаľӢţͷǳˡ
ôɱ޷ֵģϾɱ빥ɱڼֵϲȡ
Щֻͨɱ˵ĵѣѡȻ˳ѡλûɣ˵˷䷽
ҵͷͬ䷽ʵͨɱڳ˵㲻̫ȱÿ˳䱸װ֮⣬Ҳ˽ءҵΪЩͨɱִ
Աѡ񣬼ŷɱѡֵܿͩʱ򣬷ɱպñˡ
ͩ׼һɱڴʱԺ䱦٣кöǧҪˡ
ףˣʲôöͩ⣬Դͩ䱦ͳڴڳ˯״̬
٣ȷʲôܹ֤϶ǺöЩͨɱҪöˡ䱦ش
ͩľ䱦ĻϾһͨɱͩ˵пޡ
λ¶֮ȤøĳɱͩͲˡͩ
ڳˣɵһ£һɱԱһСɽһߵĲϡ񾧣Աһ£аϲ
Щǲؾﲻ˵ǣڷ֮ȷʵռɱɾͲһˡ
ÿһɱһĵ̣һͶһֵ̣Զ١

ͩû°ɣôúõɱȴǶ֣ʵ
ͩشڳһڸַ׷׵ͷͬȻϲǴȫȥ
ѽѽһսֳСЩϼȻҪǲȫȥɡ
ͬ⣡
ͬ
û
ڳһֶ׷ױʾͬ
ͩЦǺǵؽһСɽĶЩƼƷһ˴ָȻ󶪽Ȼռ֮Уʶǣǰæʸá
֣ݺˣҲö˵ʲôϾͩԼѡ
һӰ˵ĶͩˣʣµսƷҲֻʣЩɱˣλ˳򣬴ҺܿͰɱϷˡ
ȻҲλûеõһô
ʱ翪˵ɱǿУ»һʱõͨɱһûзֵ˿ʼѡΪΣ
ҵͬ⡣Ѿõôһֵͷͬˣմά˵ȶûʲô÷ĵط
ûеõôĸҲһһ¶Цݣͷлл᳤ȫ

ɫɹȻţֲѹȻڡʣµʱ䣬һĸǶûٶ˵ʲô붨붨˵ˣ
ͩϯض붨սáЩ֮󣬿ʼѾеطԼɳ֮ͨϡ
еɱҪϵʱ䣬ôʱû˾˴
֮صΧۼ˲ʿҶڵȴš
һ׼һ֮Уûб¶м
һ죬ѻ붨һڸ־ۼ
λյϢۼ˸ʿѾֵĹһʮˡҿԿ϶ӦûһһⲻҪҪǣɱȻһᣬҶ׼𣿡翪ʵϢԴȻɳ̽ռġ
İɣǵѾȬˣû⡣
ͩɳʵа嶼ǼȫߣصᣬҲ¡
ԣˣɱǵʵƾһϣʤ
ΪɱĹͷûǱãŵǵĵƣؼʱ˵Чء
Ҫô鷳ֱӰһǵʵʲô
˷ܵۿˣеɱƣеֱþԵʵоߡ

һ죬ԭĿֲѹʧˣһϼӵص״ܳһӨС䵶ϼ
ˣ֪˭ôһʿȺȥ
ֻһôһսϵչˡ
һʱ֮䣬ǿطַ֮׷׵ǳ
ɫâеɱκ˵õһЩֻﵽͼεʿܹʵս񼶱ĸһϸҲ˵
еɱҲΪ֮
ԣڳ˶ᡣ
ԽԽңͩ󷨡󷨸ãȻܵȴûбƿ
úüҰ
ǲǻ˵𣿡ϳ˻սս֮УռϷһʿ
ϰٸ߼ǧƵеͼɣȵȷ棬˶ȥĳЩҪʤˡ
Ϊ֮УûһͷӰҪһЩӴˣ֮лĸ

ɷϣ˵ʵ԰棬Ҳòʽϸء
ؾıأȺ룬ǳռˣΪǵ࣬ɳԱҲࡣ
ܿ죬˾ɢȺҪȡ֮ʱ
¸¸¡˵ѣлǰæѲĲӬ±ǿ뿪ˡ
յһƬһ˳
ȻһҲڸмһֱز벶
ףȻڤ˵˵˲ɫ任
ͬͩһҲڤĳ֣һ֮ġ
ÿһ˶ףһһ֮սеɱɲð
ߣƾʲô
ǣҪᱦտڰ˵˿ɲ㣡
ڤ˲ô
ڤǿؾǲǣ
⻰˵Ĺȷʵˣ棬۷ǿ󣬿λµΪ֮
ؾϵĴǲܽġ
ԣµʵ˲ȾŴ۷

ڤ˹ڤʮ壬һﲻöԸָ֣ڤ˵ʮλԱ֮еڤ˵
ڤȻڤΪףͺΪһ
˼һţҶһҽ֣Ҳ൱ѶԸ˹˹ָŶԷ֮еһͷ˵
Уҹۣ߼ҹĵһţðɱ֮

ҶԼ˽Ķֽ˳һֵʱΪ˽ֶԿ
˼̹㻹Ǻǰһ޴Ϊһ𣿡ڤ˹ɲɵĺͻ˻ƴΪѡ
ˣҲҪˣɡڤ˹˵
²á
ڤ˹湻쵰ģ֮УһӶʮ֮˳ͷľȻ塣
𣚣Ȼ㣡ڤ˹е֮ʮĸ֣ԼҪǿһЩһִ»иӼѡתһ룬Լռء
Ӫߣа˵ǲҲȥ
ȥҲܹǡڳһλ˵
ȥ𣿡мӿʵϰԵ»ѡֶΡ
᳤˼أ磬Ͼ
߰ɣҲȥʵҲȥֻΪ࣬ʱͲòȺ档
˼ڤ˹󷽵ؽ˳Щľˣ嶼ˣͬΪ۷Ⱥ壬ʱҲ˵ȥ
塢Ѫ塢һ嶼ɲذ鿴أҲǶǵ
ãȻ᳤˵ˣǾͳȥɡվ˵
󣡡֣һ
ʦǸϽ󷨡
Ӫһʮ硢֣ݺͩΪףӲ֮˳


310  ƴ
硢֣ݣôǣڤ˹˵˳һĹϵԱȺڤĹϵҪãƷǳ
ףӦþҪͨͩɣڤ˹ĿתͩΪȺͨͩӣͱȺ֪
˵ʵΪؾĿڤ˹ĺпܴͩ⣬ڤ˹вϵǿ߶ͩǳȤ
ҶΣڤ˹Ż˵˵
ڤ˹㻹浱ǰ׳ղɣղ㲻ͦŵôתͷҪΪȡڣ㣬ⲻܣһеɱؾҪǧ꣬ûᣬ´˵¡ǣߣҶ˺ԥתҪ뿪
ֻеˣǵڤˡ۵һߣ󶼵òǼеɱȻˣα˷ʱأƴҲٷ֮һʤ㡣ֲһеɱʤ㣬ֵƴ
ô㲻Ǽߣºֻ𣿡֣ͩʵ
Ǻǣǲҵġ֣Цһش
֮кΰţΪ۷Ⱥĵ
𣚣ôϹأֳµļһ֮неɱĹΣ翴˵ͷ˵
ͬ⣬ְɣȲӦ̵֮һˣϵڤ˹ˡ

ڤ˹ҿܣ˷ܵشе
ڤ֮Ĺϵͺ֮Ĺϵһ˴˽񣬲ڲ˷
ʵڤ˹ҪǿһǾԲŹûᡣ
ӪӪĸּһ𣬶ʮ֮ڣڤӪĸֿγɶһ̬ơ
սһ𣬸ֶóȫڷضƴ
ͩĶһ֣ͩҲ֪ʲô壬Ⱥ֮ͬɳͩļȻǿҲȥЩҪǵơ
ͬͷгβ˫
Сһ㣬Ķһ壬аɱ˹ʵ൱ǿǿȺͷͬʿ300òҪӲӲˣȵǽ֮ȥ֧Ԯ㡣֣ݴѵ
νָЩʽ⣬βȺűǿ츳Щ츳ͨǿȺͷǱѰ
ǴѪаǿǿȺͷȵȷҲֻǿʮѡ

˵ˣαǿʮ
ǿڵϿһʮͬࡣ
ǣʮֵѾߵֵˣͨȺǲֵܳģ츳˵塢壬ǵҲ߱ѡ
һҲǿһٱִǿһ򱶣
ͩȴ֪Զ֮ĵ֮һ鱦һ壬ǲ֮еĻ壬ʮǧٱ
ֻһֵβһ㲻ġ
֮󣬴ӴؼһֱԪ񣬶һ̡
˵ؼʿͨ൱ռͱȴؼǿʮռֱռǿʮԴƣʿҪͨǿһ򱶣
λξͻһٱλһٱۼͨһڱ
鱦һ壬ۼ鱦ξͱ۸ʮǧٱ
һ룬˲ò̾ǿ

ͩĶ־һȻû鱦һôţҲͬǿٱ
ͩʮУ˫̽Էʵߡ
ͩתĵһתֹһֺչεһ취š
֮ͩ󣬵һתͩΡ
еʹֱ࣬˻ܡһ£ʿʼͻȻչɱ䣬·»¯һ㣬ʹѵÿһתʹͷһܲסʹ࣬ͻ͵һ㡣
䡱һըʬ޴棬òв̶á
ԡתԴ֮󣬾ܹȫɡΪʹ࣬൱ΣգתԽ߾Խˡ
ͩҲȥڶתˣΪʵ̫Σˡ
ٺٺ٣ͩ˵ѵһĳţҰɱ˹Ҫʶһ£۷Ⱥĳžжǿɱ˹ͩƵ
ͩһЦݵػشαôأ֮ûޣҲûͻǼеɱˣҲֲɣװӶã

ɱ˹ˣһ˫۵ͩþ֮󣬲̾٣벻µ೬ţȻһˣ氡
ôѵ˵ò𣿡ͩתڷʵ
ʱͩѾذսƶսֵıԵشΧ൱տ
ɱ˹ϸ룬ҲòͩĻǳе
һ壬ͩûͳأһǵøɵͩɡͣûؾǳˣԡ
ڶһֻмˣÿһ˶൱ǿ󣬸ûȺѹȺͻʹͩƴһ
ͩԣеɱȻǳҲԣҪΪСϧɱ㱻Ӫᵽ֣Ҳֲͷϡջڤ˹սƷΪͩƴҲֵá
ģԴͩɱͩΪͩʵӪ߸ڶ࣬һԮ֣»пܰԼȥ
ȵȵȵȵأðɱ˹ɱֵԽԽ͡

²òϣ˵൱еô졣ɱ˹˵
ͩͬص졣
˻Ĭսȥǳңʵϣ˶͵С
طսķǳҡȺСûһͨͥ࣬û̫Ⱥѹ󣬼ڤ˸Ϊ˵鱨ΪҪӻڤ֮¡
ͨͲˣЩ϶ڤУǲҳȡЩȺӴѹӻڤ֮£ܾܿǿв͡
֮УҪҲҪǿȺʵССȨҲûУΪ㲻Ǳˣ˾Ͳᶯˡ
ҪȻ֮ʢеūūԴӺζ
ս֮ϣԽԽңʱƣ˿ʼˡ
սĸСʱһڤӪĸ֣ڳܲס֣ݶ˵ִ֮£ҽһ

ûдڤ˹ûȥæ֣ǿǿ֣ѡһʵڶڤӪ֮еȵε֣һ֮£˶Էʵ֮󣬸
֣ݺϣһˣĬʮ㣬ɱһʵǵĸ֣ѣ֮Եôʱ䣬ΪԷҲװ˷ɱ
ͨɱʼؾʿ֮зģ
Ⱥţڽؾ֮ǰÿ˷һͨɱҲŹûᣬΪ˼ǿ澫ӢľҲͬ˴ɱؾ֮еͨɱԿԳƵϿֲ
֣ݺڳνȦϣƱѸɱڤӪĸǣһĹѾ¡
ʤƽڻӪб
ڤ˹㿴Ѿռ˾ԵϷˡѾ֣ŶԣǵĸˣٲȡʩĻɾǻŶһݵһ߼ǿһָǵش̼ڤ˹ϣܹģ¶

ɶ񣡡ڤ˹֪ΪԼĶô˵Ļ
ǣĳȷʵڤ˹ǳΪԼߵûжԷ࣬ڶַ棬ûܹס֣ݣ֮Уս֮ϵĶ֣۷壬ʵȻһ
۷ĸ֣۷壬ͬĸ֣ʵҲвࡣ
Ϊ۷зҪſöּ࣬ӴԴϵͳͺͶ㷺Ľĥ¡Ӷʹ֣ݺ֣Ժɨ۷֮֡
ȥڤ˹˵Ϊ
ȵ֣ݺٶɱһЩ֣ʱγ֮ƣȫûԼڣ˵ܹôǰܹ
ˣ硢֣ݣһΣڤ˹ԣҪٴȥˣһ̴뿪ľⳡ֮СǸϽְͣɡڤ˹˵ҲӦǾͲҪͬھˡ

ãȻʶʵҲϾɱӦ
𯲻ˬ⣬˶Դ˶ûκϾܹƴٺòˣİڤӪǼˣҪԱ൱ֲġ
ɱ˹ͩҲԼͬͣˣڵˣͩʵϣһܹ޹˼ɵشһ
Ҫûкô򶷣ûȤܾͩ⡣
ȤȤɱ˹ЦŸŴˡ
ڳֻʣԭͬ˹ϵӪӪһӾͱμ
ڸĴ£˴ţڻرƴƣͬʱҲڸҶ֣ƴ׼һս
磬˵ôɣ𯲢ûӪƴšһ˫ʵƴʤϣ֮ĹϵѺã̸£ȻͲҪΪ˺
ҶڱصõģȲĺҲֻаϹˡ絭ػش


311  Ķ
ΪϹأʵܼ򵥣Ȼʵʤ
˫ѡȶһ価£תˡ
˵֮ǰĻսƴ䶷ĻֱȶĶˡ
ĶĹغܼ򵥣ȡ壬ÿһϳȶӮ߿Լȥʵǿһһ嶼С
ãͰ˵İɣȼͷӦ
Σһʵ
Ǿɡһߵϸ˼Ƭ̣ŵͷӦ
ӪԿһڲ顣
ڻ˵ŴҶİˣĶһӮˣһͿԶǼɱڣѡսѡûɣ
᳤֮⡣ʿͬӦ
ôҡ֣ݺͩսڹؼʱ̻ǱȽ֣ͬǿͬϣʼҪ۷ҪǿһЩ
һʿԴ˲ûκ顣

ãλǿ֣߳һȫʤĳһĸӹʿ͵
٣ǻ֮λǿߣĿҲڶǿߣǵʤܴ󰡡
ǳʦݣЧʳڣȥǻջȻ񣡡˸̾һеɱһʼɱаʮλ֣ջС䣬սȷʵ˷ǳġ
ȫϵ᳤˳֮
ͩĵҲûƳ١
֣ͩݽеһ߿˵һǶ˭ͷ󣿡
ɣ֣ݵʲõؽе
ãǾͷͩڶѹ󡣡絭˵
ԡͩӦֽ׶ΣͩûʵжǿλŮܹսǰʮûе汾ôܣѹյġ
һʱȥˣҶϢòˡ
Ӫ˰ף׵ľ롣
ǿ߳Ⱥ
Ҳ֣ͬݺͩ߳Ⱥ
˫ʮҡ
磬㾹Ȼֶܹͬ𯿴ųսλʿ̾һ

֮ĹϵѺõĹϵҲͬھ
ǳͬһݹϵͬľӢŲ֮¡
ԣܹŵһǿߣɱȴûһͬͬǿߡ
ȴλ֣ͬԱȼֱĽˡ
ҲɺϵĳɷС
֣ݲ˵ˣ϶ΪҪ˹飬ĸԸظ磬ͩһɺϡ
ͩڸսؾʱ򣬻ʸ硢֣ݵ˵Ĳ棬ʱʵ
̤ͩһжǳİҲûһĸ֮ǰҲ˳ˮ۵ؼ˽֣ݺ˳ͩһѡ
̰ͩȨƵˣҲҪһ·ˣΪ˻ĶԱȷʵͩ۽翪˲١
ԭս񼶱ĸ֣еôϡٵġһս񼶵ĸ־ͱս񼶸ֻࡣ
Ļ෻֮Уͳ˶ʮ

Ŵ۷壬Ⱥˣս񼶵ĸֲ֪ж١
Ϊ۽󿪣ͩûб⡣ȻŷǳѸ͵Ľٶȡ
ʼɡûж˵ʲôֱӺ˿ʼ
֣ݵһվ˳еȴԼĶ֡
𯳯λǿߵ˵ͷһǿվ˳Ҳ
紫ͩ˵֣ݵĶǾż٤һĵţ;ͨˮ𡢿ռʵΪϣ֣ݡһսߣǳڰ˼۽һĵڶţţóڷ硢סʱСط
ͩصһͷʾԼ֪ˡ
;ʹõһԶ̲ٿ͵Ľɱ٤һ壬ú񻰴˵е׹Щƣ˫ᣬóУƶٶ൱Ѹ١
֣óǿ;ЩԿˡ
˽ʮغϣ֣ݴƣ;ﴦڹơȥ֣ݵôãڱľ档
־棬֣кüͼӽ֣ǿǶûгɹƺǳ

𯿴ⷽã˵磬ǵ԰
˭֪𣚣㲻Ҳװɣ絭ɨһۣ˵
𯱻˵һ㶣ﰵһҲٶ˵ʲôһŮôһ˵Щ˼
УֵĶԾ൱ҵġ
˶ֳɱɱɱĶƴÿһνų˵ѹನԶͺһ黨šһ򣬿оųٵ黨֮䣬ĿϾӡ
֣ݣҰܰɣУɱ;ʹ˾
ڽ̽˼ٸغ֮;ΪѾ֣ݵʵߣҲҵڣԵһʱ
ǰѷɽɱڱ֣һȭɲԶͻȻΪһٶȻһ֣ɱ
ƱڵϹսڶҲ塣
ͩԭרĹעһսһ֮Ҳڲͣһвǵطںˡơ
һ˲䣬֣Ҳǿסôһ˲䣬ԷĹѾˡ
ˡΪ֮ѾΧˡ

֣һ̴ھԵƣǳӲԶԷһǾУɱд󰭡
ϻϼ֣ڽսֻǳ
ֹУʤоϵıȶֱȶڵ˫ƶƴϡ
óԷһ൱ڿƣҼõĸ֡
֣һ̣˷˫ȭգһȭȭ
Էɱڡơô֣ݵȭǳƻˣ
ۼҲã֮ơҲգһȭ֮£ơ
֣˳˳죬س嵽;ǰ
;Ȼûϵ֣ݵƻȻǿȻԼĲõɱУ
תƫƫ;Լھȥδ֮ʡ
֣ץסᣬڽ˶ֵ
;Ҳǳصģ˵κȻƾŲٳ߿⡣
֣ݾ͵һա
˵սֻصԭ㡣

Թ߿һν쳣Բע⣬֮опܾʹ˷ֳʤ
գ˿һĻش޵
֣һȭ˳ƿ칥;ˣһ̾ΪֹĿռŲƣǳľʺա
ѹ֣Ҫ˵;ﾫͨռ䷨ˣڿڿռ䷨ϵȷʵȻܹʹռŲͩ̾
嫣ÿ춼䡣ġǿ꣬ܳΪеٮٮߡ紫˵
ĳܽˡͩЩƺԼ̬ҲмֲԾҪԼ̬ʱʱѰ
֣һգûгκθ侲ǿ˹ƣ׷;һȭϡ
;﷢ԼȻ޷֣ݵ׷ֱⱻõǿҵĳ͸;ϣȻûжɱҲ;һͷۻ
㣬ٶô׷ң;Ｘƶ֣׷һٺݴ򡣲ü֮£һռŲ˫ľ롣

٣սģҪܣǻƨͺЩԶ̵ļһҪû׼ͷǿҲû氡֣ݵιؼֽӽ;һȭ
ܹ׷ϣ֮ǰΪʲô;ʵһ룬ûˣΪѾԼ뵽˴𰸣ȥȡˡ
ôзɱǺǿҪƼˣҿĻղסġ֣ݵĻ˵൱ףевζҲǳԡ
ɶ񣡱ΪܹҾκβ㣬ɱ;óѹ׵ľУһרóѾǿߡ
·ɽһ㣬;Ϊģ񱩵Ļ˷Ű
֣Ҳ˵ɫı⣬ѿ񱩵Ļ⣬ȴǱһɲɿܵų⿪
֣Ǳƿס
ɱ;һһУ֣ݺ˵ͬʱ׼ʱ׷
֣һȭסǿȻ˻ΪӰһ˵;ߡԷ˼ĽǶȺʮȭ
һһǶȣһκʮȭ
չڶ棬ʮȭ¡
;һıˣɱҲˣȥ³ᱻƷġ
ɱǲɿ֣ܵƿˡ
;ﻹûü֣һβĵز

Ǻǣһ֣ܹˡ¶һЦݣЦ
ɫѿطһ䣺ʤδɲһ
Ҫˣ֣ݣʡһЩ紫֣˵
֣ˣصһͷ;˵˼ΪֹˣҪӮһˡ
ʮȭһʮȭ֣ݵǿѧʮȭ
ȭµƻʮ֮£;ĻĳŲסˣʹ˱ˣȻȭӿдصˤڵϣˤһ
˵ó֣ݵһȭѾˣһȭһǣ²Ҳֻʣ°ˡ
һ֣ˣ𯵹Ҳûеˡ
ôһ֣ţڶϣ̿ʼ˵ڶ֡
۽һ壬ªִ֮мָ߹ʣӴʮ屶С˼壬֮УѾǿˡ
ವһˣ·һڵһ㣬֣ײ˹ȥ
֣һҪ㿪
ڴʱŵһģһ

ε֮£֣ݺȻо·Ţ֮У쳣ٻжǳ
˵ĸоͺͩɳһ㣬ɼ
ȭ
Ȼ㲻ˣֻӲӲˡ
ڴͬʱ֣ݽؿ˷ɱķ֡ΪḻѾǰһоֵв


312  ñ
ֱĸоֻһϢһϢѾ֣˲òӲӲĲ֮¡
ӲӲһУನΧռ䶼ھҵҡΡ
Ӵѹս
ضɽҡϹսһȺʿҲһҡΡ
֣ݺŶԽһָ֮Ա˰ס
󡣬ĹײȻ֣ݺðƽϢڸ𵴣̾зɱһӲƴ»ܾ˵ĳ档
֣ݣȭôͬ̾
֣һγԷȥ
Ҳһͨսĸ֣ηӭȥ
ǿӲĽսƶλٶҲͬ졣ۼ׽˵Ķֻ֣ԼӰ˴˻ཻ
䡪
ˡ
硪
ֻײ֮
ǿǿԻӲսСʱ֮󣬽ս˫ȻԼͬͣ
˴˶š
֣ݣȥʮʮҹҲֲʤ׿ɱһжʤΣ

֣ˣϸ˼ţȷʵͬԣȥʮʮҹҲδֳܹʤڵ޷ǴʮʮҹʱϵԽãԽǲ
ɱֻƾطһзʤ⵹һǳõ⣬ɱǿҲޣȵľӲʵ
Լ֮ǰһսҲС־սԼΪ
ãǿ֮µУҵȭʤһ֣ݴӦ
˵˫Ӫô˵棬Լ˭޷
𣚣𣿳־ս˵ƺŶ絭ʵ
ûʲôõģսپŵʵҲβ֧ѡɲ˳Ļ˵ȥڶҡˡ
Ҳգϲɣֻϣһ֮󣬲ҪͷЦ
һȴǲɫ˵ƽԣʤֻƾʵʵˣҲǻá
һ˾ϰԶ˵׼֣ݡ
ɣܷ֣ϵȭף¶һ˫ȭ
УײŴӰ￪һڵһ㳯֣ײȥ
֣Ҳ϶ˣ᲻һйײײľԽԶԽ
֮ǰӵײףѾǳǿˡڴӰ￪ײһǳǿ

ʮȭ֣ݲû㣬Ϊ֮ǰйԼһжʤҲ䡣֣ݿ֪һҲһУõġ
âһһ̣ײһ𣬿ֲʮϢ
䡪һ޴ԵĢƴ˫ײ֮ǿĳ磬±߹սһȺ֣׵壬ܵ
˶Լͬſ֣ǿӲصֲನҲҺãսĶһЩֲֿ֣ͨನĳ֮£ֻ·һ
ΪĢƵرɫضɽҡɳʯһʱ֮䣬Ի֪
˲֪ãȵһжָƽ֮󣬾ͿԶĵ棬ҳӡ
ҸϽ˹ȥһ֣ݺţ˶˲ơҿȥ֣Ҫ˵һЩѾˡ
ȥ÷гӣŵһƽ̹ط£Ϊơ
ˣӮˣӮ֣ݣҿΪˡ˵
ˣùˣʣµĽҰɣúˣƲᣬҪһˡ֣ص˵
лл˵仰Ҳ˹ȥ

ûбﻤĽбﻤӲӲؾжԺ䣬Ҳ˵ء
ȥ֣ݣóһŵҩι£֣֮ݲŻָʶ
ȿȿȡˣһдˡ֣˵˼
޷ùˣлл˲֪ٱʱ翴ȥŸһŮˡ
֣ϸ˵һʱĸûһȥǣĵصһԡ
вޱ飬вζؿţеǴĽɶʵ۹⿴һС
˺һŷ֣ݷ
٣֣֣㻹ôƴʲôͩЦʵ
֣ɹЦûнͩĻ⣬תһʣµĵڶԾͿˣСİ
ͩʵǿҪСӦ㲢ҪǵսʤֻҪһϵķʣµľͿԽˡ翪漴ͩҪǿǰңһúõؽѵһ١
Ŷͩӿڵصһͷ

˫Աû˴֮
磬Ǽɣҵһɣͩվ˳ֳһĳ߳һ΢紵°ƮȻ
ɡ˵꣬һ죬׵İա
ͩ˵ͷóնֱҲȥ
ͩѵһĳţǿͨСٰ˵
ЩֻһЩˣ³ãǳ̫Զһλֶָһͩǫ˵ȴһͨľ֣ش֮ǰԼڻϿһͣһɱҰɣ
ɣԴ𯽣𯳤һ𣚣⻯ᣬצ⻯
һͷ޴Ŀֲĸɻֵ쳤Хһһȣͩ
ͩ˽ϵĶѥ˼˰ֱһͷ𣚣ʩչ娛

ǣ
һļǣɱѾһΣ䴩͸ٶȶ൱

ͩĹ޿ɶ㣬ֻһսףս׵ķӲһ
ףùطһ̾
ͩʮǼ鷢ȫС
طȻռ䷨򣬻޷㣬ֻӲ̾
սַ̬һ־ǲҪ߶սԴκιֻҪûдﵽս׵ķޣʮɹ߳ϵһ־Ҫ߶ķ⡣
ǷɱһֹͨЧϼ⣬򷨲ܹ֡Чصκι
һַЧȻܹκι׻е͸ս׹壬ǿһ壬Ҳ൱Σյ顣
ҪͩļǣͱҪ⣬ս׵ķӲʮǼû̫ˣҪϰ٣ǿѹˡ
Ȼգһֱŷ⣬ҲҪģǳġңķԷĹǿȡ
չᣡȥ˵ɲʲô¡

Ͼͩطвգ𯽣ȴһδαͩ㿪ͩͻúһֻһֻû취
ΪӮⳡԣòһʱΪҪھܽʡ£սʤͩ
չһԴ𯽣֮еĿ콣ʽ
һʹ֮ͩ͸оһͻȻ֮д̳ѾŬҪȥ㣬һ̫죬쵽ͩľӦϣ嶯ȴϵĵز
һٲ޻ͼſһǰ档
ͼһ㡢㡢㡭ʮ㣬˲伴ƣֱڶʮʱһߡ
ͩᣬ˶ѥϵĿռŲͨŲƺǧס
ÿĽĽͩа̾һ
γͩ˹һתĽʽ
һп콣ȡɻʳʳ֮ʱѸײ֮ƣһٶȲĽʽ
ͩȻоԼ·ǱĳµĴڶϵһ㣬С΢·ӡ
оһţȻ䣬оͻһ֪˳ͩͷĿꡣ
ʩչռŲƵʱҲûУʱѡ൱꣬˷ʤ

ü֮£ӲһȻһûйͩķ
ͩ粽䣬ٴλһλֱһ
ʸǣǿҵķ
˿ͩûһνǶ˵ĹȴӼҺա
˵֮ǰ֣Լ֣;һսйأתʤֻڲ֮Ļ
ô֮ͩսǻʽΪǶ˵Ĺƺûа취񵵺мܣֻӲ
˫Ĺһ޷ǿƣ͸⡣
ܵܶ㣬ƫƫָߣӲ⻹ô죿
˭ȰѶԷķ򱬣˭Ӯˡ
ȻȥͩһЩΪͩĹǾУ𯽣ܹͩд󲿷ɱУֻٲֿ콣ǳͩɲͣٶϻͩ
ֻϤͩ˲֪ͩĹʵߣٶԱ𯽣˵ͩĹһΡ
ͩ׼ȡǿѡֲͩļĺһ㣬һһӿ娛
ͩսĿĺԣǾĶԷһҪսʤԷ

ʱһΣһȥˣͩսִ˳־ս൱գҲͼⳡԣǼγԺǿûгɹȻȥȡʤûģǴͩ滹һѲ硣
֮ͩĹϵɱȲ֣ݺš
𯵹ͩһзʤɺͩȴ
һзʤˬˬˣָ̫ͻˡ
־սͩķһ֮󣬶ѣ̫صơ
˵һ㣬֣ݿΪ粻ϧҲҪƴ¶ԷһԱ󽫣ͩû֣еľ
ֻΪϵߵһ𣬽齻飬ûҪͩĵز
ˣٱȥˡȻսͣ
ͩˣӦҲ㼰ʱͣ˹
ôˣֵͩʵ
ͩȻΪĳţǧܹ꣬սزһûбҪٱȥˣʤ㣬Ҳû㹻ķƴһ䣬ҵˡ˵
ζţʤҶһеɱ


313  ʯ
˵һеɱ֮ǰԼһɱĹС
˷طУڻܲĻ֮Уʮᱦ֮ս񼶸һá
лλ˳ô˱ϴһ˿ֹסЦݡ
ٺٺ٣ҵȳֳ֣డ˵ǰɣЦӦ
ǣǣҪлҲӦҪлֵ֣ܲǡ˸͵
ô˵ͩĹҲСǿɱˡ֣ɫ԰׵شеӣƻûлָ
ˣλһλ᳤õеɱӦץʱеɱʵȻԺжо޴İͩվѻתˣɲѻ⳶Լ
ԣԣԣˡˣͬصͷӦ
ԺеɱԽԽ࣬û㹻ʵȥᣬǻֻиɵ۵ķˣʵǿ˵Ҳһ൱Ҫ顣
Ҫ飬Ҵչɱڴڼ䣬һй֣翪˵
ֲ֣Ҫôо񣿡ʵ
ֻˣҪչأ˵ˣ񲢲࣬ҪǹעѰɱĳص㡣֣ʼ˵ʵ£ԭҪͩ𣬱Ͼͩǻĵ࣬ʸСǣ˭֪ܾͩ÷ǳɴ࣬ûа취ֻˡ

ɢ֮󣬴ҸͩҲصԼĶ֮Уʼչء
չ˶֮ͩһʱ֮С
Ȼռ䣬һŮһƽԭϣ¼ͩͽһѲϡ
үһŮӶк
ԲһֱæûʱǣҲһֱĿռ֮СͩԼһ檣вһ
˵ﻰǶʿį͹¶㲻ʲôʱ㲻ʲôǶڷչ׶Σ澭ŸַգֻǴĿռѵõƽҪ˵࣬Ҳ㡣ЦѾӦڵݣһɹ˱Ĵ󸾡ξΪƹܺüһУƽ֮棬͹ϵȻͩ檲࣬ûʲôõڵġ
ү嵥Ŀɡ˵꣬һ嵥Ͷ͵ͩǰ
ͩɨһۣ˵ͷܺãȻȥɡ
ֵǣ߰ɣһǵûԷ
õģæͻȥܻкüӣܹúõǡͩЦ

һŮ֮ͩʼһһ쿴ϣһϵ䱦ʵι˵ĺöأôûҵ
һϱıطŵһΪĿ̫࣬ͩûԼҡ
ֱѺ׾һźö䱦˳ش
Ŷô֪࣬ĿŰͩƵʵ׾һ׼Ʒϣ鱦Ĳ֮һͩ˵̫
ȫӽռ佻׾Ϳɸѡ𣿡䱦ƮƮػش
ͩܿһѿʯ֮ҵһȭͷСľ󣬴Ͽóͺ׾һģһ
˵ıʲôͩûпⶫͺ׾֮Ĳ
öأһ׾󣬳⣬˭ֲвб䱦˵
ͩһó˶¯龧ʯ˽ȥԵա
ֱһ׾ջ֮¶ĺġ
ͩһ䣬öֻмСĺģӵ¯֮˳
ͩУϸһǷ쳣֮ʲôʶɨҲûʲô֡ǵϸϺһͻᱻסͿԿһɫĳӣӿ

⣬ʲôȻ˹죡ͩⷽļʶϣȷʵ˲ֹһ
߽ʯԻ䣬ǻԵ£ѰҸǳΡ벻֮ãȻаսƷеõ˴˵ȱٺ٣ҪϲˣֻҪ㽫˱뱦Ϳʱպһƴ֮·ߵøƽ̹䱦ĵ˵
ͩϢһ漴¶ֹסЦݡ
⾹ȻǴ˵е߽һǶ˵ǳҪһ֮һ
˵ֱָͩͩĻô˴˱֮ʱպһͩ۾綼̫ƿ
Ҳ˵ͩѼԪ֮ǰѹضΪӭж⣡
ͩõ߽ʼν֮С
Ҫ֮ڣɲװѰƷκβ߽ֻнܹ֮
Ҳ˵ͩҪһ㹻߶˵ķ󣬽֮ؾ֮߻ӣȺ棬ĿڶࡣɲʲôƵĺõطôӳа

ô˳ؾһĵطƱ䱦ʵ
ȷʵǡͩ˵ͷʵ߲һϼô죿
˭Ҳ֪һμʲôʱ򡣶ͩҲҿ϶Ҫ߽뱾ҪѶʱ䡣
ͩ²⣬ʱ϶ˡ
ͩѡ񣬵һ˳ؾѰ֮ãһ˵ĵطһѹѹؾչ֮
Ȱ㲻Ҫôؾɲ򵥣һɵƬΪһ֣Ӧþ棬˵ʲôʱͻ䱦˵
ģͩȵʵʲôƷģ
ҵı嵱Ŀ飬ļԪ˵õҲ²⣬ӦöǶɱġ䱦ش
ɲð찡ҪǶɱǿǻ޴䶯ģҵʵΪͩ侲ط
ɱȻἯһ֣Ķ֣Ŵ۷ǿţͩһûмǲؾ֮ǿĴڡ
ͩʹ磬Ⱥǿšл޼ɣѾսʮŲ㣡
ǰ׼ȼͻƳΪҪΪؾĳѾΪ½ˡ

ͩڵʵܹսʮ㣬۷֮еǿţ̫Զˡ
ҲΪͩʱ̫ˣл޼սʮŲĸ֣˼ʮŴﵽˮ׼һǾż۷λȻ
ҲգҪҲһʱͩջѡѹ
㲻żʱ仹еģɱǱȻؾҪرյʱȥˣ㻹֮ĵʱ׷ǣż䱦˵
ףҲġͩ˵ͷ
ͩ˵뵽Լһ·̤ڵĵλ;磬Ҳǧʱѣؾرգٻǧ꣬ͩĿӭͷϡ
Ҫ˵뿪½ͩɱЩͬ뿪½Ƶö࣬Ϊͩʮռ䶼̺ԭʼ½Ԫ
ƽʱȼŮЩԪٶ൱Ѹ٣Ҹʵ
ͩһ˲صԺǰ
صӭ˳Ϊͩԡһµ·

ԡͩУǰΪ񣬸òԼ֡
̺ͩϴԡ
һϴһ߻ܹ񫡣
үҪҪǸϲϷ㣬ū澻ᱻ𷣵ġΪͩǰе
÷Ӧүˣͩõ˵
ū澲ңֻǡ˵
ˣүˣ֪ôˣͩԡ֮վ˳رߣͷһۣ˵
ū澡һۣĬĬؿͩһۣмеعͩ£ŮʼʹַΪͩп
ͩش˿аи󹬣Ҳ
ϵ൱Ĭһ̺ǹͷһ˾ͷȥסͩǹ
ǣŮı鶼ʮܻһֱؿͩʱʱ¶һֺõЦݡ
úáͩԴḧ˳ĳ
ͩĳޣøˡ

ͩһŮĿ֮ץסһֻ飬š
תͷסһֻãͷŶ˵ĺ춹
үϲţȻֻŮ֮ǶҲǼΪĽģڳΪͩŮһ;Լ˵ģԼĽö˵ġ̺ǿݸ߹ǰ;
ЩദѾүԸΪүһС
ͩһִֻӱ󻬵⻬̵ͦβϣһȻ£Ĺ֮У̽Դ˽ܡ
Ѿ飬ڱͩôһŪǻ
ֻʶؽţүү
ͩһڵȥſţУҲһ
ǣүŮӦȲؾԱ߷ԡأΣҡš
ͩߵ󣬳ʣһȶʼˡ


ԡˬͩԺİǰʼƷʳ
үλãһΪͩƣһ߿ʵ
һɣǼ꣬Ҳܼʮ꣬Ҳ֪ȥ͸͸ͩ߳Ա߻ش
Ųˣֻǡ̾
ҴӦǣæؾ֮Ӧûһβ̵ļڣǸʱһǵ߿ôͩϸ˵
һͩԶһš
⣬ȫҪһҪעⱣԼİȫҪ̫ðˡĵ˵
ģһעⰲȫģһʲô⣬Ҳǻ𣿡ͩ΢΢һЦĵػӦ
㷹֮м̺ͩ²ޡ
еӹ˼죬ͩʰ飬˱չңչˡ
ۺʱʵ÷ڵһλûǿʵеһУǾˮ¡


314  꾲
ͩóʯţ߽ϡУɱˡ
ͩԾ˴ؾ֮УջС͹һʯѾ㹻ͩˡ
ţҹƣؾǰܾܿͺʯĪҲֻʯĳܹһؾǰ䱦ıͩԪ֮˳䵽ʯϡ
䱦ƴʯڲĶϢһˬ
߽Ϣðһʱȵҳ˯ꡣ䱦̾һ
ǺǣɣҪչˡͩҲ⣬߽ϢȻɣ޾䱦ôҲ
䱦ָо޴İЩչصĻǿ䱦ա
ͩȻռ֮ڱչУǽһսԪʮ죬ǿĻۣʱų
֮ͩżŮռȥ̽棬˳飬һ¡
˰ºͩųʼĵ߲ͨʱƣͩĿռ䷨ԽԽҲԽԽۺ

űͨĺôͩٶǲɱʮٱϡ
Ƕɱ֮ͨȻ̺˿ռ䷨£ֲֹˣΪͩĳɵ֮һ𣬾Ϊָͩһʺͩеĵ·
ԣİأʹͩĽٶȼ졣˵ͩʮǰ֮õУʹͩԴطջĶࡣ
ԴֻҪﵽˮ׼ֻҪһ˿Уһ֣ܹˮɵԴ
˵ףʵһܹѵˣʹﵽ׼ɲһֵ⣬ȴǿġ
ͩԼϵͨͻӿУͩĽٶȻжѸˡ
еʱ֮ٶȿ죬ΪϸһȣǱͨ˶һЩ֣ȻԽڶΪˡ
ͩ˶ʮ꣬͸˵߲ͨһ㡣
ֻʮ꣬ơǡطڼľ֮ͻ֮֮֮

ںʹãʹüһиơõ˽һҸطһݺظС
ͬʱҲ˼ֱ仯ڻĿ֮󣬿ԼһǿҸƵ𵴣Դ˸Чʵ߽Է֡
ͩʵһ̨ףⲻǸոտʼˡ
֮֮ͩͣͶ뵽ڰ˲Ĳ
ŲѶҲԽԽ󣬵ڰ˲Ĳһʼͽչǳתۼ䣬ʮȥˣڰ˲Ĳչһ롣
ڼ䣬ͩòֹͣϣһμж
˰ʱ䣬Ӽ˵ֶһеȹɱɱĹ֣ݡ
һγȥᱦһ·൱˳ûˡ
֣֮Ҳ漴űչɱȥˡ
ǱȴΪаʧ鱩סȴһֱûҵ֣ΪͩʮָɾҲ֪أû⴫ȥ
ټĴ壬±ߣȴֵֻ̽ҲΥʧȥŵа壬ʣĶûܹ֧žҲֵһֱûġ
Ͼڵؾ߻ӣ己࣬˭֪Щصĺݽɫ

ҲûţͩĲѾչ
ͩĳɳٶ̫ˣŹ˶ãͩսŵĳ̶ȣȥҪ˶ãͩͻ۷ǿŵˡ
ǱȻͩӿ£
ϧͩһֱǸżжûжʱ򶼻ڷеĶҲ޷ǿķС
Ϊսġ
ؾŸոտ˲һʱ䣬干ǩͣսЭ黹ûйءʱٽİȫǾƣȻ˺پ幫Լڲ۷൱صġ
ؾ֮пԴ֣ҲҰ⣬С֮İȫǲ׼ֵġ
ԣֻ֣ܰ޷Ȼɱ
ƫƫͩͨɱȤرڵõ߽ⱦʯ֮ͩҲʵشڷ֮УŬԼʵ
ټϣͩ䱦֪ؾĩڣпܻһɱͩʵҲӦԽļҶᱦ

꣬ͩ˰ʱ䣬Ҳûĵڰ˲ƿƿڵͩڰ˲Ҳ
һƿͻƣ˰ǰһμж˼ƾеս֮󣬻þ˳ͻˡ
ѵΪ۲ԵʣΪսڲͻƿͩ˵
ţǳпܣҲŷŵսȥʵս棬սͻƿĪ
ƽǹ÷ǳ졣
ټˡ
ͩʰһ͸ȥˡ
Ļ֣Ѿˡ
ͩǵˣһ˵ͷͩһλ£صȴš
ôõǼɱ𣿡֣ͩʵ
ѾˣϤǰһֱõȭףͻȻ任ɴ󵶣ȷʵЩϰߡ֣ݻش
ϻ֪жĽĽأ㾹Ȼ󺰲ϰߡͩһ
ʵʿطǸŸ仯ġطֻǷӦ÷ʽõԽãԽǿʵҲȻԽǿԣǲΪб仯ġ
֣ݵľȭȭΪʵϻս֮ȭͻȻݻնˡ

֣ݵսûжٱ仯Ҳʲô仯
ң֣еɱսն϶ȴͨɱȭ׷ȭҪǿһΡ
˴ʱʮֲȫˡ
λ׼һΣҪȥĵط˵ѾвǱˣһιȥ»һս翪˵
᳤ģֲǵһжˡ
ֻҪЭɱ൱ľ
ԣһλ᳤ֶ֣ӵеɱʵһԶһеɱʹǻʵǿһЩ
ʵǿиĻᾺɱеɱõԽ࣬ʵԽǿԣһಹѭ
ϹأŴҿ󣬽ӽ˾еɱϽɽȡ
ҴӶ鱦֮ϸһҵԶ
ɫâȻеɱ۾ԼλúõļһǴе˷ܵòˡ
ṤǻǾϹȥɣñյ˱
ҵ¶൱߰

ͷһʮ˷ɴĿص˹ȥ
˵ִ֮ǰеɱı⣬Ѿ£ɱĳԶˣ˵ٹһͻ
еɱӪʮָ֮࣬Ƽٶλս񼶸Լǧλս񼶵ĸ֡
˵ĵһССԨȾƼĸ۷Ϊ׵Ӫ߸˵Ӫ
ЩԴεΪ۷ľ޴ѹȻһӴˡ
ˣɾˣƼһʮλϵս񼶸֣Լս񼶵ĸ֡
һɢ޸ֻ֣Щɢ޴󲿷ֶǷս񼶵ĸ֣ÿһŻ룬Ҫˡֻĺ£ǲܵġ
еɱҪʱ򣬸Ӫ᲻ԼͬضЩҪˮļһһδɨ
ΪûĸϣƴƴһھӪ֮󣬸޴֮ȴɵļһ˱ˣǿɾǶˣԺҲˡ

ϵ֮󣬲ŷ֮Ͼޱȵؾȡ
۷Ӫֱǽ
ǹ壬Ҳǽ壬ǼΪóе죬֮леƼ壬ǿƾе񼶱ĴڣЧв൱¡
ǵ壬ÿһӵмֻе̬ı仯ֱ֮Ϊνһ塣
ûʹֻҪһŻûб𣬽һܹѸٻָԽһвյĳƺţǻӵȫǿļÿһ˶ǻеʦ
ͷڽһ֮ߣУʵΣΪûҹֲ֣ʮ˽⡣
֣Ȼ̫⡣ϾŴ۷֮Уۼ̶˵Σڸ֮ĽϣرǸ֮ȽϣȴҪһЩ
ҪΪ֮⣬žӢ϶ǴʬɽѪ֮߹ġ

Ҳ֮һֲΪÿһ鶼Ǵ֮ģ𿴾е˧ŮһжǳۡʵϣЩ鶼޷˴˽ºӡ
óľƼƵĸҩͲƷܵ׷ͻӭ
ҪǣΪҩһԪˣػ
һ룬ܹڰ񼶱һԻ۵Ļͻ֮ȻĸҪԸࡢ塢ڤȼ۷塣ⷽŸĻһǰ
ԣÿһڰ׶ζѸ÷ǳι̣ڷĲ̶Ǽ֮ߵġ
һξӪͷߣһпǵľŮӣΪȥ˾Сھ֮ʮţһԶѻõǳ뻯κСĵˣѾҵˡ
һ൱Ůӡ
һǵ֮Ҳǿ۷塪壡
ĳԱǰѪʹǵ൱ơ


315  ̸
ʿʹڽ֮ʱ׼֡ųһ壬ų壬ԲǴġ
֮㡣
ͺǿ󣬵٣ܷչԼ֮鱦һ壬ҲͬûļԪ֮С
Сܼ죬Ӵ󣬴Ӵ֮Ϊ۷壬һ㲻СȱݣǳΪҲ۷ҪһЩ
ǹƽģ츳Ǽ۷֮Сģмʿ֮ļ̣Ŭ㹻ĻԵĳɾȴͬʿҪǿϼ֡
ͨȺ֮Уһ壬ưԲū泤Ԫ
ǳĳ֣ȴǵ¢ϵλĿǣͳ潫ĸʷ࣬ķ廹Ҫǿ󡣶ҳɳ죬еĳ潫ǰ񼶱𣬿졣
ӦģʿĽ׳˼ԵߣʿӦʿܽס
˵ǳɻȱʳǷҲͬĪá

Ӫ֮ʮţ¹˹
ףȻ硢֣ݺͩǡ۷Ӫؽеüͷ
ͩȻǲųãЩҲ۷塢ǿ˶֪ͩϳͩѡ
֮üΪӪλս񼶵ĸ֣֮£治öԸ
¹˹ǣҲûм˰ɣ翪к
ǰȷʵкþòˣÿμ㶼ûк¡ǺӦ̾
ǵĻӿڵеɱǲǸһ³̳һʸõ
ΪǵжӪҴҶмֽ飬һ³ò
ʵϣڲᱦĹУֻҪϵĲ֣һ£綼Ȳ
һЩʱҲɱ䣬Ӱʵǡ
ϾǿҲ̫ࡣ
ã˵Ūʲô³̣ͷӦһûгԹмֽ飬ȻӪֻƴһ
ΣȻϹأʵǿߵñǸָˣȻɳֶսʤȡΣ翪ʵ
취һֱԼ׳ɵϹأѺȺ֮䲻˺ַʤ
ǣڳ֮󣬶аƻ
ƺԣ֮УԼλ֣ǵĴ֮Уûһλְͬæ

۷ĸ۷ĸ֣ʵϣԶҪһЩ
ã޳ɣ¹˹ȵͷӦ
ͿǲӦҲ벻ѵҪƴɣ
Ϊ˹ƽǲ³ǩЩ˿³ԡǼһ䡣
⣬޳ɣһ˫޳ɡ
¹˹ȻмΪҲûзԡ
ˣһ£漴һŭص˿һۡҲܷȻƹƽˣʵ϶Ӫ˵Ƿǳġ
Ҳգǩͳǩɣڴ֮ǰǲӦð˵ȸأͷӦ
ãȰѲɵļһǸ˵һûзĻ
漴˵Ŀת˰¹˹һεı顣
ôҸ¹˹Ƶ˵
һȺ棬ѵ𣿡һȻ˵
ǣó֧㡣ͷ͵
ͬ⡣˵
ʵ嶼ԵַѾԽĹԼϣûƸáҲֻа¹˹ҽڣԾƸˡ
¹˹˵Ļ֮󣬾㲻棬ҲòˡΪϵ˵ҫ
һ壬ͬģҲһ壬ǵԣҫʱÿһ˶þȫάȺҫһʮŽ塣
˳⣬Ž϶Ȳ塣
ҲܹΪһȺԭ֮һɣ

ǿԻˣɱѾķռ˷ʱˡ¹˹˵൱ֱס
һ˺ɢ޸һȻ
ƾʲô
ȷֵİ
ǣΣ
ɱǻҪ࣬Ҫ̫ˡ
¹˹߸ϣ൱ǿӲһʿķ˺ͲԭɢˣӽһЩһδҪ۷һϸˡ
Ⱥӿ
硢ǶŮԼͬһ¶ͷ̾һ
һ˶ϵôûм
Դ˱ȽϳٶۣûκηӦ
ˣ𣿡¹˹쳣ԵǿƵ˵
Ŵ۷壬ͳ꣬ȷʵѾˣԲһܹƵġ
¹˹ݻһţŵ˲ʿ
ֻΪԭ򣬴Ȼûɿڡ
ʱƣۼһʼشϾؾ档۷ｫۿۣΪ棬ЩҲ¹˹˷
֣ݺͩһ飬˴ţһ죬һߺȾơ
㿴ǱߣһǿܻĻһսҪӦ֣˷ܵؽе
ڳۼǧλʿǧ壬ȴֻһһ̭˭ñ
£ɱڳϿȥһ״еɱδ֪
ɱĿͣɱĿռһ룬п͵ɱ
ʣ״ɱһ㶼ǳټҪռеʢ
Ĵ۷ӪߣɱҲ쳣Ļȡ
ֻͩʦӵԶе˲ſɱʲô͵ı
һԴɱӦûЧãۺϼֵԽһıԴɱ
ɵУֻһеѡʱȻϣԽԽá


316  Ⱥս
֪˭һ
˷سǼɱ˹ȥ
ǣ¹˹ǡ˼ͬ
ǣ˫Ļսʹչ
Ĵ۷Ӫ˼ҵĴս
ռƵĶˣռһЩˣٲַս񼶵ĸ˵ͻ˷ߣɱ˹ȥ
ãЩһȵ
Ǵʱһ˶Ըλս񼶸֣ڲֻܶˡ
¹˹ǵÿһһ֮סλֵĽŲ֣ٵһˣҲ˲ȡ
ԣһʱ֮䣬˭޷
һȺսʿصʱ򣬶ߵս񼶸ֶزԼĶ֣
򣡡е
ͩĽ֮һ£ʹɳ򺣡
ɳ֮սԲﶼ
ͩڵľ磬ٿɱͷŵȰǰǿȫ֮ʹõסЩս񼶵İ֡
Ϊͩսʮ߲ǿΪ֮綼ˣɱȥԸЩս񼶵ĸ֣ɼȻ
ɳôһһӾֹ˶˵Ŀġ
ɶ㣡ͩһ֮˵ս񼶸֡
ǾͩһӾͱʶͩͷŵġ
ͩ΢΢һЦںǵĽΪ˷ԼΪҲûֹܹ
ɳһͿʼӰսĴ۷ӪĸĻ֮£Ҷ˳ռסϷ磬ʼǿƷ

ͩӵһնһǡնطƵһ̶֮󣬾Ͳپʽעڵ֮նνġն
˵ףطֻǷ֮һӦ÷ʽþʽͩԭġǡطǴﲻ־ġ꾲֮УͩľѾǿﵽ˿ľ硣
ܹطʽͺڻӳһ
ǿĵ£ͩһ֣ͱ˷
ҽһһʵԼսʮֻüҽһͱԴ䡣
µöͩһŵؿһĻӿһ־С
ͩһƽһ˹ȥӭһаն
ն
һӳûѰʿӵİεǻӳһ״ĵ
Ȼ־壬ûоʧ룬ͩڵһ֪Լ㲻ȥȫķɱз
Էģܷǿ
ǱʵһǿҲƿԭӦøоһɰȫвŶԣǹǿҵΣոȻûɢ
ˣغˣ
һ߷ǿһ߷سˡ
ٿҲ첻ͩĵ
ײǵеĴ͸ɱɡ
һս񼶸ȫ֧ŵķͩն֮£ֻ֧Ϣͱ͸Ʒһʿ䣬ͬһöָװ
ͩͻȻ㶨ԼĶ֮󣬴ݵԼսƷ󵶷һתָЩ֮ǰҪᱦڱɳ򺣵ķսʿ

ֱһôԵá
ͩ仯һ̶ֱ
ʽţ
δõͩҵԼĵ·֮óʱȻǧǰȫͬ
ֳԽ˵ۼĽ䲻ͩԴʹóмɬУϲǿн棬ǶԸս񼶵İʿȴŷͬһɱ
رǴɱͩԴǷȱġ
һ֮£̾ʿɥ
ͬһаţֳ֮ͩһƬͻĴ۷Ӫصķսʿһʣ
ͩһʿ㳱ˮһӿͩڣݵԼսƷ֮ͩջɳ򺣡
ϾɳҲҪ֧ŵģȻɱʱͩȻҲԼһ㷨
ڴͬʱ֣ݡ硢¹˹ǵȼλ͵ǿ߶ǿʵսʤնɱԼĶ֣ڳҪʰЩආʱȴͩһˡ
٣ǣͦ֣ݴͩ˵ɵòһƱǷˡ
⻰٣Щս񼶵ĸȻ˶ɱôˣ˵Ҳнټɱջɣ
¹˹˶ͩҲǹĿ࿴Ȼ֪λʵȴ벻֮ǿ
ɵòơ¹˹
λͩѺõص˵ͷ
ȻͩʵõǵغϿɣټͩ塣

ˣ֪˭ôһʣʿǶȫ˳սȻɢӡ
˵Ĺƾôͷβعȥˡ
ͩʮ״ϾСȺһȺˣޱȴûоԵʵ̸Ĵ۷ɵ棿
ˣµļһǱˣҲüķˡ¹˹ض˵
ոջЭֶԵеѣһֳַĸμĶ顣
ǩɣ˭á֣ݲҪ˷ʱˡ
Ǿ仰˵ĹʱϵԽãԴԽǲ
ܿ죬ǩˣ罫ˣʮ˵ǩں˳顣
涨ˣÿ˳ԣȻķٳԵĶ֣̭ʤߵõǼ³еɱ
ǩ棬ûһףΪҶͷⷽ˭˵Լļ˾һʶơ
һжǳƽ
˵ץеǩһһǩ˭ս
¹˹һһǩ˵˹˹
ǵڶгһǩ޼ɡ
һгǩһʱһɸӵţϾȻֱѪӸӵ仯
鵽˭ˣҶءߴٵǩȻģûȥǩλá
Ѿ鵽֣ݻͩɣ¹˹ʱҲܹ侲ˡҪ˵ǩȻ˵ƸѹͣǲҪˣǱ߻֣֣ݻͩԷ۷ֶͬռ൱ơ


317  ʤȯ
εͩ
֣Ǻ
Ҫǻ棬ҪǸôԻᱩŭ𣬶ԿǴ֡λڽǿߣƢɲôõġ
һѪͷҲòͷ
ʵΪͩʵ֮ǰһս֮УѾˣ˭˵ܹʵѹͩϾɱ̫ˡ
Ӫֱ˳ֵӪǩˡ
ܿģӪҲλ֡
ӪżǰŸ֣Ӱޣ൱սʮľ磬սϿ֣Ტۡ
˼ҫ壬ݣҲսʮӣսӰޡ
壬ģҲս񼶵ĸ֣ȴóҲСӡ
Ӫ˼е۹ĵһŸ֣
߼壬ͷ塣
߼ǻ壬֡
Ӫħ١Ѫ帽ӹսȼߣҡ
ڰεŸ֣ȴǲѷɫЩ˾żĸ߼塣
ӾĸӪĸ֣Ա֮£ȽƽȴΪͩĴڣʹƽӪһЩ
ıԣʵǺܴ£һЩϵĲԣһǾռŵһһܹȲʤȯоԵʵ
ķԶ֮ĳǩˡһν˵ľӪ˵Ǵռŵġ

ĽӪӪӪӪ
Ӱޡݡģ֮УӰʵǿѶԸܿܵһҲѹ˹˹޼ɣǶϰݺͽģʤ㶼֮䣬Ӧ˶һ˾ͺðˡһͩͷȡɵԷ֣ʣµһͿǵˡ翪ڵ
ͩʵɵԷ֣Ӧûɣʵ
һᾡΪġͩûаѻ˵ˣȻţҲСƶ֡
ܺãϰɣûж˵ʲôҲ֪ͩһΪΪҲϵͩԼ档
ǣͣ㶨ǣ֣һԸͩҡź
һʱ䣬ʽʼˡ
ĸӪ֮󼸺ͬʱʼ˴룬š
֮ͩǰ˳򣬵һϳˡ
ֱ൱ģڱ֮ǰĳ˳򶼻ύԷʱ޷ˡ
ߵ˳ͩ޼ɡ˹˹
Ǳߵ˳ǰݡӰޡġ
ͩĶ֣ҫҲϳˣ˻౧ȭһ
ָ̡
䣬˼ͬʱ
һΣһɶǹУǹһ̡
ǹ˸һ뵹⡣
ֳǹһ𵴰뵹⣬ͩϮ
ͩز׽ݵĹȻϢٶȲ죬ͩݵ˿˼ʮס
𵴲ûţ˷Χ뵹ҲͻȻʧˡ

ãͩԾ֪ʱͩŷԼȻǹ𵴲ƸΧˡ
޻ս׵ķͼǽ𣬵ס˳ͩΧĹ𵴡
ͼǽ׵صסӿ𵴲ơ
ͩЩˣݺôҲս񼶵ĸְôһй
ڼϢ֮ͩ͸оеİˡ
Ϊܵ𵴲ԽԽңҲڳʼα
ͺղŻƽ˾ȻɽХһر
޻ͼ䱬˲ͱʮ㣬˿ͣЪ޻ͼһһŵ飬ܿأ޻ͼۿҪƻˡ
ͩؿ˰һе΢ˣּ䣬ͩΪģһƬɳγɡ
ɳγɵһɲǣǿƵƿ˰һй֮𵴡
ԭݵһй֮𵴣ģɱһǿطҪƿֻøǿȥ
Ȼ֮Ǵﲻˮ׼ģԣݵһ԰񼶱ĸ֣ӵкǿɱ޿ɱܣضС
ɶ񣬹֮УݼͩӦ֮죬һӾͿ˹֮𵴵ǿ֮ڣ׵ƵԼĵһɱУʹǿɱС
˺ȻΪ֮ԴɢɫâͺһС̫һ㣬̫Ĺâʱ˫ڼϢ֮󣬹âȥȻʼС
ͩûȥϰʩչطǲ룬ǲܡ
ղǳ֣ǿֲĹ֮֮ȻַطȻΪܿƵġ

ݵһй֮УҪ׼ʱǼϢȥǳ˷ʱ䣬ΪֹУһϢܹʤ
⼸Ϣ׼ʱ䣬Թðʮ߰˻ˣʵϣ˸ʱ֣ľ֮ķɡ
˵ˣʶǳǲ۵ıһУҪǾ·
һ㣬֪˶ٸ֡
ܲɣͩմҰ·ӳһ۾Ϳ˰һеʵ
СһǰһĲ
ͬǹ֮Ϊƿصķ֮ԭ淨֮ߵĲ൱޴ġ
ͺͬһйȭڲͬУ͸ͬһ㡣
ڰһ罣εʵâ֮ʱͩڴʱˡ
ɳ֮
ն
ͩط˸סȻһкն̺˼طĵն
޷ѽֻӲͩһǵ⡣
аؿڣݵĻ˰˳ϵɱ֮ʣµɱǽݴڵأشս
ˡһѪ³˹סƣ˵طڶأ벻㾹Ȼɱĵڶòԩл顣
ˡͩջ򣬱ȭ˵
ΪǱ߻Ӫ
Ǹˣ¹˹ˡݶ԰¹˹̾
޷ʤұʿ£ֲҪϡӰޣˣͩӵɱҲɱطĵڶأҲʤĵķҪӲӲ¹˹˵ͩʵԤ֮⣬֮У԰¹˹԰ݵʧ׼
ֵǣͩڵʵֵͬԵĻ޵еĴڡԼǿһĸֶŶ·磬ƽϳҲѴ


318  һ
ӰӪλѡ֮УʵǿһˣҲĹͩĻʣµıԾûκˡ
Ӱִһ˫ɫȭףͩһȭ˵ɡ
˵գӰ޻ΪһӰһ֮£Ų
ͩһţɳԳضڣ֮еһһ˭ͩ
ͩһĳա
ӰҲԼĻӰԷɱ֮ǳ֮¡
ǣȡһʱҲ㹻Ӱռһˡ
Ӱ޴˿̾ͩԶͩһµʱӰ޵ķӦҲ
һֳΣͩ˹
ڴͬʱһɱܣʱסɳų֮
ȭһʽȭӰ޶ͩĵܣӲų嵽ͩǰһȭ
һ壬츳ǿսʿܹƾͬ׵ǿվޡ
Ҫ֪ǿվ޵ͣһ㶼ǧߴǰͺһֻϡ
ӰܹƾΪɱߺһȻܹݵɳ򺣵֮һϣֳʵԶͩǰϵκζ֡
ͩӰһȭɲӲӣᵶӭϡ
ȭཻ
Ľ
εĳɢ忪˶ΧĻɳ
ֻͩôһǿҵĳ౻޻ս׸Ӱ쵽ͩ塣
ͩˣں˵ʱһն
ͬӰ쵽ӰޣӰƾǿ֮ǣβ˷ͩ˹ȥ
ʱɢʱʱӰ᲻֪գ

ͩͬһĵ⣬Ӱ޲дתȫԪ˫ȭգȭӭŵ⣬һµĹ켣
ȭڶʽɽȭ
Ӱ޵ıȭʽ֮Уڶʽĳƻǿȭֳɾأһؽһأһȭɱɽ֮£һɽܱһȭ١
ȭ뵶ײ
նɱһġǡ֮϶˼ַ͸֮
Ӱ޵ıɽȭؾûκס˶ݵĽ֡
Ӱ޵ıɽȭʤһ֮ƿն
ɳ֮ͩζݵĽ֣ȫɱʩչɱĵڶͨ
Ӱƿն֮Ҫٽ۽ͩȥڴʱһɼΪǿ˷ӿ
ãӰսḻһӾϳ֮ǰİݾǰһ֮¡
ӰףһԼסˣܾ־ǰˡ
ȭʽȭӰףǲܵģԳض֮ͩڣֻӲӲƿͩ
ǿ޷ơ
Ӱ޵ȭͷǰۿɼ۳һ
ȭ
ͩǼʶʲô֮£ա
ɳ򺣵ĵڶͨȻǿƽˣͩõ˱֮ĵһΡ
ȻⲻɳɱͩڵĲδ߶ɱ޷ȫܡ
ҲɷӰ޵ǿʵ

ͩһݣעҲ߶ȼ˿⡣
նͩһжɽ֮ƣӳһ
֮ǰıԣͩӳնеȵͼΣһемεܡ
Ӱزͩһƺ֮ǰһǿҴ⣬صʣԪһǡȭ
ͩȼһնͬһȭ飬û˼Էֺ
Ӱ޵ıȭʽˣرǵڶʽ͵ʽܹԽǿɱ
˵Ӱ޲սʮʵڵڶʽ͵ʽȭ֮£ɱԱʮ۷忰ȵʮ߲ˮ׼
ͬʱֱ֮µĴۣǷɱġ
Ӱ֮ͩ£˿·磬һǱɽȭǱȭ֮£Ӱ޵ķѾʣˣʤ㼸Ϊ㡣
ӰȴλΪʮӰͩ
ʱĻɳ򣬱ӰǱȭӰ죬޷ЧӰ쵽Ӱ޵Ķ
ͩһȭȭʮӰͩΧ̬ƵذΧˣڴͬʱӰ޹ӳһȭ
ʮӰͬĶͩ޷ĸӰ޵ı塣
ֻȭһɲǣͩŷȭķ
ʱѾ޷ˣֻзˡ
ӲӲʽмķΪ
Ӱ޵ĿľΪ˾ܵͩķ
ͩӰ޵һпԺռ䣬ƿһȭҲд
˴洢޻ս֮е޻֮
һٲ޻ͼ
ڴͬʱնµһתʽš

һٶţǰ棬ڱȭǿ֮£֧˰ϢͻΪУռ䱻˺֮ǿ˲ɶѡʣµİ˳ȫײ޻ͼ
ͩһʶԼĲ֮ˣԼļȻ˶ʸǡնڹΧ̫СǵʽϮȻá
ǰʮͼ˲𣬵ҲϮܡ
ֵĽ׶Ρ޻ͼȻһһŵػڽڰˡ
޻ͼ޻֧֮£޻ͼڵʮǶֻ
ǿϧһ޸ȭĿռڱ׶ΣԳ־ãһ޻֧֮ͩţ޻ս׵ǿ֡
עʤһͩ
ӰһҲʤΣתӪڵˣͩǿ´лд衣
ͩҲùˣĲСʵϣͩķʣһ룡⻹ûԴ֮еķ
ͩתԪԶͬʿԲܰѰʿۺ̶ͩᲢۡ
սλ֣رӰǿĸ֣ӲԷľȷʵ൱ķһͬʿڵķѾڿݽˣͩٻɵķ
һԲ⡣
Ҳ¶˿ĵЦݣʵͩô̫࣬ڿ³
û⡣ͩش
ãԼŰǡЦЦ˵Ϣ˿̵ͩҲȷʵǷ̫
ʿٻǶı£ǲڰڿճǼƻǿóġ


319  Ӫ
ͩսʤӪĵѡ֮Ӫ˽һֱԵʸ
һߣӪսӪսֻڳǿɾû߽ͩôˡ
ǣʹͩһ˹ȥսҲֵܹͩһЩʵ
ԳߣͩһμʶֲĹֶΡ
ڳ϶ħٶе۹ѾǵĳˡӪѹĸ־
е۹չǳ죬һǴѪĹ֮УԼɻе壬ֱǵʽȫתɻеͿԿ
Ϊе۹İ֣³Դ֮⣬ѾתΪе壬ȽĿƼǿʵ൱ǿԶսǽսʮûԵĶ̰塣
ħٶֲı嶼ǳ޴ܹħٸֵ֮֮·ǳǿƵ塣
ֳֻǧ֦Ӹ򣬲ͬĽǶȳ𹥻ʽҲǶֶʡ顢̡ޡקȵȣͺͬǧִһ㡣
ڣͻȻѿŹڿڣʷ壬ʮ֡
ڿڸһҺɫĹⲨǽӴⲨ֦ԻΪޣɱ൱ǿ
ͩҲɵΪ֮ĿɱҲ֪Լܷܲס

ǴˡͩһҪСڣһһŸ֮УɱǿһСͩ
ͩ˵ͷҲһ㣬һڣɱȷʵ൱ֲͩҲҿ϶Լܲص
ɱ޵Уܹڶ֮һˣ
ħ̫Ҳûа취ȫ㿪
ˡ
ֲԶѪֻ֮Ҫûȫ𣬻˵ģƣܹлָֻԪǿ϶ˡ
ʤ
峡ԣ³ǾӪһѡ֣䡣
Ǹߴɵľ޴ͨȲϡ
а˸ߴͷۣ֫壬βһһ㳤̵̡
һڶ̳̼ϣ֮ҲǼΪġǸǰĳţǲС
ʼһɲǡ
һ˲ʧ
ڣʮ㣬Ҳ൱ԡ
ǾǷʱı仯㣬ֻҪٶ㹻죬ж㹻׼ܹһɱС
ܲҵǣһٶ㹻һֵ͡
ҲûӦԵķʽǿļǿɨֻҪܹԤжֶһ䣬ֻҪжԷʤȯա
ٸǹڡڿڣ⡢Ųȵȫ֮£ûĸָҽ

Ĺ֮£Ҳ޷ҵǿĻѹˡ
ǿȴ޷˺
ߣΪٶȿ죬Ҿû취𣿡ŭȵ
ӹⲨ
ֹⲨܹһͷ񼶵ǿվϢ֮ڳױûʮϢϵʱ䣬ǿǿվҲ޷ѵġ
ҰɫĲͬˮһɢ׵еľǿء
ҲûϵĹȻ˸ǿȵйܹ֧ô
ķӦٶҲȻӹⲨɨһ£ûбǿӹⲨ
Ҳ壬ȫ֪رһ˪ǣٶҲ˴
ץᣬŹڴͬʱϵڿһת̺֮ԥؿˡ
УûзɱĻܿһӵзɱ԰ķ߶֮£ȫڣ߲Ҳˡ
Ķһ룬£ڼۿҪΣˡ
ȥɣһӮˡ
ۿҪڹɡ
ڴʱ̾ƿշ룡
ǰһڻϮǰһ룬Ȼʧˡ
֪ʱķβѾ׼ȷػüģһС
Һֻдԣûɱֻ֣ǵ㵽Ϊֹһ㹻
˭Ҳû뵽ǰһ̻ռϷȻۿҪȡʤһ̱˸ˡ
Ȼ˲ò࣬ˮɶͩ̾սֳ֮սǻ۶̾Ӷո˵ʾ
⣬ôܣԼܵ˲˼ţûʣֻЩ㱵߻ԼӪȥ

ʤߣһ˼˳ˡǶԴ˱ʾģһԴȡЦһ
ߣҪ˵̫磬ǽĶֿӪǿ򣬺ٺٺ٣ȻǿڶԷ֮£޻֮ʾط
ҲҲΪԷ˵ûдƺƶ൱ԣ츳ġͩɱʱͱͩƣһʧȥٶȣʵȥһ룬֣ͩûʧȥһʵҲһܹȡʤ˵ˡ
ɱκβζ൱޽⣬ƾĶۣҲӵһıֻɱǿ󰡡
ⲻûа취ֲֻҪһȥͩƾʵӦܹĵһ֡
ǣһʱϢʱ䣬ûɣʵҪѱԵʱ䶨ʮ֮Ͽʼ
ԡǸ޴ӷֻӦȻӶ˵ڲľ棬ƺ˵ǳƽΪڿս峡ԣҸ˵£ֻϢһʱȷʵǳơ
ϱûоԵĹƽ
ԵĹƽĲƽ
ͩߵһߣһ֣һи
ͩսҲһɣһαҪ˿Ծѹɣôͩ˵
û⡣ͩЦЦ˵
ܺãѹǵʤ߳ϣ粻Ұѻ˵ˣΪͩʵҲ֮͸


320  
һʱܿ͹ȥˣʽʼ
Ӫĳ˳Ѫһ顢һħѪ١
Ӫ˳޼ɡ˹˹ͩ
ЦЦӪĳ˳ȻûгԤϣλ֮УֻѪȫʢ״̬ովһսֻϢһʱָܻ۷״̬ħѪٸܴأ״̬֮͵ġ
޼ɣսپ紫
޼ص˵ͷҲɵ֪ʱϵԽãԷѡֵĻָʱԽ࣬Լ߾Խǲ
Ѫһ볡һΪΪģķΪˣ˷Ϊʮһֱֳ˰ʮĵӰһӰ
˲γһĺɲ
ȲǰҲˣһƬһ󷨵ȫء
ͩǵһμʮֹ졣
ѪҲʮӴ֮ռ˳صһ޼վǰͺһֻһС
Ǻǣ㵽㣬׽Բأ˵һʱ䣬ųôƣŵң޼һնбָ£Ʊ
һϵն
޼һϷһն
һε˺쵶Ŷ
֮һнԻ١
޼ɵǰһֱĵۣһ͸
ǹ鷢ˡ
ԭĻ徹ȻһѸٵ˵ɵĿհס

ɶ񣡡޼ˣԷǾҪʱˣһûлжԷ塣
޼ڷŭ֮Ѹٵ侲ҪսپֻҵԷıǽݻ١
Ҫĺ֮ҵѪı壬ǲܵġ޼ʶ̽ȥ޷Ƿ䱾塣
ֻ߽ȥпҵ䱾塣
ѪĹǿԼô߽ȥ˵ĿԸ
޼ɳһն˫ס߸߾ٹͷ˫۞ضŻ
һǿѹ޼ϴѹڻᶨš
ʼʱѹӰսһڸ֣ʱƣѹȻڳپʿоȵѹ֡
Ҫǣѹ
ܹڳʿоѹֵѹҲսʮֵѹ˰ɣ
ڳĸӪϰλֶλŵʵ
ﵽսʮİʿͻܹ֮нεŸ־Կλиǰеĳˡ
ڳоųϵ˶ʮµľѡ
һ£ֻ۷ĳţпͻƵʮԼʮϡ
壬Ǹ߼Ҳܹͻޡ

޼ɾȻչֳʮѹһѾﵽʮ۷ʮ߲ĳ̶ȣⲻò˹Ŀ࿴
ͩԴҲòΪ֮ĿΪԼҲŸոտʮ߲ѣ벻޼ɵʵôǿ
޼ɺȻһȣ硣
ϵն
Ϣ֮ڣٵϵնÿһڵһٵȥһƬ
ѪĻӰȻܹԼ棬ޱȡڰټϵն֮£ɢ
Ѫıڻ֮УԭҪʱ䣬ȡطٰɱ뷨벻޼ɻ
Ѫı屻һϵնУʵˣʹ˱ɢ
һ޼ʤΪԲеǰ¹˹
ӪֳһλֳѪȥ˿̵ѪܴأҪָҲǶʱܹ쵽ġ
ڶԿʼ޼ɡ¹˹
һȣУһ䡣޼û˷ʱ䣬ֱ˵ˡΪղǱʽĹѾей˳ȥղŵϵٻûõĻҲ³
ʱ޼Ѿûս֮ˣֱ˵³˷Ѱʱ䡣
ãһ޼䣬ʤһԿʼ˹˹¹˹νѾûʲôˣ˭˭Ӯһ

޼³ˣھ˹˹Եʱ򣬴˵ҵˣɲҪ̫ѿˡ
ߣ˹˹õһ
һϳ˹˹óһɱϸȻ£Ŷŵһǣڵָ̡
˹˹˫չһ޺𣬾춯أ˫۳Ѫɫ¶׺ݵѪս̬˵ɡ
֮ǰһĹӸ磬˲һԵĿ¶ħ
˹˹һչһ˲仯ΪһӰȥ
Ѫ÷ϸһ˲̳
һĶ̳ƶٶȿ˵൱˵ġ
ò˼Ľ⣬Ȼܹݵضܡ
˹˹ҲΪ죬˵ѹ֣ܹݵضڻѹƣٶȹȻġ
ƿշ룡ʾطˡ
һ׹ʣ˲Ϯ˹˹
˹˹·𱻾һ㣬޷Ӧؾͱˡ
ԣԭеĲֻԭصһӰˡ
ÿٶȣӣӿһʤ֮ģѪٶȿһٶʮ֮һҵҪƣ죬Ҹ졣
˲ʧԭأֻһײڼҵĽС

ÿٶȣ
ȻҲǵľ嶯
Ҳǡ
Ҳǡ
һڹսĸֶ׷׿ھ̾
ǵƶٶȺͳٶȶÿ죬쵽ǵ۾ˡ
ҺڳĶǶĸ֣ս񼶸֮µİʿӰӶ
ʹս񼶵ĸ֣Ҳֻǿܹ׽ǵĶ̬ѡ
ֽٶ츳˵壬ֽֿȥû˿̻֮ʵޱȣһ㣬ʤܼ֮ʱ
ɶ쵰ʱ䣡˹˹ѾѶֵʵһţҪԽӵĻʤֻ֮ûƴĴ㡣
ڿƴúܼңʵ϶Էһֱ˱ܣ˿ûвȡ˼
ߣΪӹȥҪˣħܹ֤ȫʢ״̬Ҳδܹսʤͩ˹˹֣ѶԷҪˡ
ߣ£Уշ룡
ƿȻֻһ֮Чȴر
˹˹һи㣬ٶҲ޷㣬ɼһг֮ˡ
ߣƾҲң棡˹˹еϸһӣȻ޷㣬ȴܹԹԹ
Ѫ÷ӰɲǼڶԷķǰӡ
¡¡
Ӵײ˴ನɽ

˹˹³ֵĻҪĳٶȱȶҪϣ
Ҫ֪ԷĳٶѾ൱֮ˣ˶Էĳٶϣ˹˹ȻҪҪ
˹˹ɢɽನɵԷɱ
벻㻹ǿʵΪ˵
벻ˣͽаɡ˹˹óһֱŵʵ
޼ɿһĻ֮󣬲쵰Ȼһֱʵ
ǰ˹˹óζ׼֮һ
ǣȴ˽սѪ÷һֱٶȿ졢켣Ʈʤעƣ˭Ҳ벻ԭ˹˹óȻǽ
ͺڣ˹˹óȫʵ֮󣬼ѹŶԷڴ
ٶԷ£ڳ֡ȵȷ涼ԶԷֹһ
ɶ˹˹㾹ȻصѹƵú޻֮ƿڴ
ȻƳҵʵҪӦĴۣһУѪ÷˹˹Ѿ׵ѹ棬ʩչԼľС
ʱһ̷·ֹͣһ£ԭӰλͻȻ
˱˴˽һ
˭Ӯˣ˸ûпֵĽɵɵؿʵ
֪ʶӳȥ
ķӪ֮Уֻλĸֿ˽
¹˹վһ֣˹˹ʤ
Ҳûз˷˵ǿл顣

һ֣ħٶ˹˹
ò˵ֲĻָʵ̫ǿˣȻʱ䲢ǴϢħѾָ˰˳ɡ
ǧ޻ħһͲȡ񹥵Ĳԡ
ֻǧ٣·һǧһ㣬ΪӰ˹˹˷Χ
ӳٶȲ죬ȴ൱ܼµľǰĽǶȶˡ
ɶ񣡡˹˹ط
ûнǶȣû·Ľ඼һ
ܼѹơ
ר۸˹˹ٶͷĶ֡
˹˹ҲзɱҲԶԵġ
ȰȰȰȡ
ɱŷֵ˹˹һƤһرԭشתòǱ
Ѫ÷˹˹׼϶ӽһԼٶȴ̳
Է˼Ĺ켣ħٵı塣
ħٱӴв㣬ֹ켣仯ͣĽ⣬ֻӲǽ⡣
˹˹һֱħٵıϴ̳÷״Ľףߣ
˺ͣ˼Ϣ֮󣬾޸ˡ
ħܹ֮ڰ񾳽ۣΪˣʵ̫ʹˣʹڷõľԵ͡

ɶԸƤָֻ˵ļһ˹˹ݺݵ
˹˹һħٵıȥ
棡޵ħһǧ֦״ֲ˹˹ȥ
ۿҪ˹˹棬֮ͬ
ɾڴʱ˹˹ͻȻʧգۼͳħٱǰеϸͻȻֱ׵ľϸһ̴ħٵı塣
֣ɱСǺĹܡ
Ϊ񣬸޴ޱȣʹõܸű仯һǩս
鱦ҲӦĹܣ˵ϲñС鱦仯ļޣɱܹı仯ġ
Ѫ÷
ৣ
ȥǿħٵӴҲܵش
ħ۵ôС
⻹ֹôʱ˹˹βͣƶ仯еĽҲӸͣ
ʮֻǴʹħ٣˲ǣǰٽǧô¾ħٱԴǿҲ˽ǡ
ħȫֻķ֦ʼҡţͣس˹˹˹˹ŷɱǿķӲ˻ˡ
ѪһָҲ൱ǿٱǿöֻ࣬ҪǵѪûкľǶ֫Ҳ
ֲǵƣرӴһ㣬ĽҲǵƣǾʺֲɱ̫һЩ


321  ǧ
ħȫֻķ֦ʼҡţͣس˹˹˹˹ŷɱǿķӲ˻ˡ
ѪһָҲ൱ǿٱǿöֻ࣬ҪǵѪûкľǶ֫Ҳ
ֲǵƣرӴһ㣬ĽҲǵƣǾʺֲɱ̫һЩ
Ϊ֮У̬ȻһϣǿԷΪͺ֣ȻҲһЩڶ֮䣬ǽҲữΪλΡ
ֲͶֶˣ壬ǾĹӻΣصľǵһ֮󣬻ܹнϷֳȺ
ټһЩĴڣ֮治С
Ȼ˹˹Ķ־ûзɱɱûʺõģħܹɱӵǿʵȷʵͬһ㣬Ҫڰսˣһǿɱߡ
ٴˣͣˡħҲ²ΪȥʤҲǲʤͩӲǶ֡

Ƿǳзȵس˵Ӯˣϲǡ
Ǻǣóá΢Ц˵
ͩΪ⣬ԼȻóɱ͵ˡ
ͩ󷽵ߵǼ״ɱǰ棬õУҲûϸ鿴ͷŽԼĴ
лˡͩ߻˼Ӫ֮󣬳˹˹޼ɵͷл
Ӧõģؿ޼䵭ػش
٣ƣҪһļһҿ˲ᣬȻȥҪúõҺһ˹˹Ϊؽӿڵ
ǺǣһͩЦЦش
¹˹ͩѱˣҲûٶһվ˵λҵȾȸˡһ֣ȵߣ
һͷΪһݹԶȥˡ
ӪĸǷ׷׽ȥ
ǣһȣҲͷ뿪ˣҴ˸Ӫ֡
磬ҲˣһΣǿɾͲôˡߣҲ뿪ˡ
ԭؾʮ֡
߰ɣǻطаɡ˵ͷҲ뿪˴˵ء
˭ûȥͩһ䣬Ǽɱʲô͵ı

Ļңټһ̵ܽᡣ
λһεж൱˳Һ졣Ϲأλɢɡܽ൱࣬û˷Ѵʱ䡣
ͩصԼҶ˶֮󣬾֮С
ôһ˳𣿡ӭ˹еʵ
УõһеɱҴչһʱ䣬ȱչؽ֮ٺúõһʱ䡣ͩס˹磬ڹһ˵
ȥɣǽоһ²ˣһϲģˣ㳥ҸЦ
ͩԼ
óսƷǼеɱ
ͩѱһ£ɱϸϢӿͩԺ
⾹ȻһıԴɱ˱Ϊ췽
Ҫ֪Դ౦ڶ͵ı֮ѵõı֮һ
ԴеɱۼֵԿϵɱϡоǶĹɱͷɱܲ
ΪԴ洢һλȫʮλһٸλ
һɣλȫǺεۻ룬ȻһλȫһòλΪ֮ˡ
Ҫֻеɱʱ򣬱ȸߵȼɱףʺͩΪȼߵʹá
һ仰˵úãʺϵĲõġ

ʵͩڵΪ磬ҲǿܹʹеɱѣٸߵıʹǼɹˣ߶Ϊѡ
˵ڵͩͨɱȫӳ
ʵϣ񾳽õĻ鱦ɱ
ؾĿʹµžӢǰװɱҲȡ
Ϊֽ֣ͬӵɱһѹûɱһ
˵˹˹ħ֮Ľ֣˹˹ŷɱķȶԷǿʤԷ˫ûɱٽֵĻ˹˹ɾͱˡ
ͩȡԴ壬ջеľӡǣȻʼרļ˱
ԴȻֻͨ鱦ļֵҲͨɱˡ
˼֮⣬ͩҲڴޣȡһá
ͩƹضϴһӵɢϢ֮ǰǿ˼֡
ûиõıԴɱ֮ǰ췽㹻ͩõλ񼶱ȥˡ
ͩһװ˵ݳҲΪ˵㼶ˣʵǿľż۷ҲȲͩһװı

үغ÷ͩˣϽ
Դͩչ֮÷񡢾ĸŮӹķԸغ棬ȴͩء
ȥ˸׼һþƺòˣ׼һȪϴϴͩ鲻չ꣬Ҳó͸͸
ǣү÷˷Ըȥ׼ˡ
·˾նסүˣȥ̺ţȥ֪ͨˡ˵뿪ˡ
նգÿͩ˳
үնӯӯ˵
նѾͷûүͩЦеذѾնڻȡЦ
롣նϸش
ûбչ˶׷æµеȥ׼þƣеȥԼһЩµĸ㣬еȥ׼һȪ
Ȫ׼һȪˮõ֮Լһ¾ˡҲ֮ܿһ̳ЩƶȼŮϾ֮ʱƵƣһֱѲ˰֮꣬ãһѾѲǧꡣ
ÿʮ꣬˶һƳѲء
ն̺ͩԡңȪ
ͩȪ֮УԼ֣նԼ÷ŮŸͩĦⷦ
һŸζĸͲʽ˽

ףأͩע⵽һˣʵ
ڱչءش
ŶɣҪȥͩͷӦ
ͩԱ֮һ檴ͬߣ޸ޱߡ
ͩһϷйѹеˬ
죬ͩʲôҲûһȥռɽˮҲȤʮ㣬ңڡ
ֵǶݵģͩҲ֪żһǿԵģУǾ͵òʧˡ
˵ˣδɣܹͩһֱ֣
û㹻ʵҲ޷֤ҸӣΪΣգͩòһ檡
ڽɼ
̤ͩûлͷĿˡ
ͩһοʼıչؿޡ
ͩмƻģǼھطǱƷչӦá
ͩûⴴµط˵һУִ漫طҲۻ룬صط
òϣЩطҲƣһƲǼһܸġ
ͩջûôȥΪ̰ãʱ仨ڴֲͬ͵طڼǵǱԼʵ

֮⣬ͩҲ¼ˡͩľߣͻ֮ͩѾ㹻ľȥһǶĦ˽⣬˽֮
ͩڵľѾھżˮƽϣԿռ䷨ĲҲ൱˳Բ׼ķˡ
Ȼص㣬ٶڲص㡣
ͩȻǷ˲ķͨԼľ硣Լĳɵ֮·ϸһ
ΪͩԼڵʵֻܺսʮ߲㼶ĸֲܹ࣬һµʮ˲ĸ֡
ؾ۷ǿŶӵսʮŲ㼶ʵͩڸ޷档
޷ܹ֤ȡؾĩںܿܳĶɱ
ɱ䱦һ֣ɵ¡
ˣͩΪеϣԼʵҲﵽ۷ǿŵˮ׼С
ؾĩڵһӴ棬Լûʸеġ

ʱƣǧôȥˡ
ǧ귢˺ܶ£ͩҲһֱչز
ڼ䣬ͩƽÿһΣļж
տʼʱôƵԽ棬ԽƵҲѶҲ½
Ϊˣ˾ӦˣҲտʼʱôƴˡ
Ҳˣᱦһڸ֣ÿһ˶ջװеɱ࣬ж;ҲԽǿԽ棬ҲӦԽ򵥡
ȻͩƵĳأʵÿһжʱ䶼̫
ǧһʮΣÿƽһʱ䣬ҲͼʮѡʣµǧŰٶ꣬ͩڱչؿ֮жɹġ
ʵϣЩжÿһλ϶ᾭһս͸ֽսҲͩ治ǳͩûΪ;Ĵ϶˲ٶȸѸ١
ͩҲûվ
ǵߴμжʱһ˾ײڤǿڤ˹Ϊžžͷ֮һһ˾ʹûʮǱӣսѲӹ׷ҪɱҪˣսĵѻࡣ

ʱͩսʮ߲۷ʵڤ˹֣Ȼ֣ȻͩûʹñΪͩףʹóȫʵҲȻ֡
ãʱ˶࣬ͩӵɱŸŴ˻
ͩҲ˼ʶ˾žͷʵһ˾ܹѹһս񼶵ĸ֣Ǻεǿʵ
ͩսʮ߲ʵ֣ʮλս񼶸ֶһ˵Ķ֡
ǧһսˣнһ붼ڤ˹һɱȺս֮С
ǰͩ˳˼ж֮һֱչز
һǧǰͩ˳زڰ˲ͨ˳ؽսʮ˲㼶ĸ֣ʵ֪֮ͩӵʮ߲㿪ʼÿһĽʵĿԽǰļġ
սʮ㣬߽֮
սʮ㣬֮ǰ˽
սʮ߲㣬֮ǾŽ
ŽѾλ۷Ϊˡ
£ӵʮ˲㵽ڶʮ㣬֮ȻǾŽΪ
ǣͬΪ۷ھϵĲһ㣬ʵϵĿȴ൱޴


322  ߽
սʮ˲ľ磬ҪǶԶֻںϴﵽĳ̶ȣҲνнԲľ硣
ﵽһ㣬ʵԶʮ߲㡣
нӴԲһļѿԽһٸﵽʮ߲İ֮УܹڰԪľ֮ǰͻһ˿ֻѡ
Ҫ֪֮УϵսҲʮ˶ѣд󲿷ֶڵʮľ硣ﵽʮ߲㾳ܹŽǰʮ
ֻҪ˽ٶ䣬Ǿǳϣͬ
ҪΪѾǼΪˣ˵Ϊ
Ѵӵʮ߲ʮ˲ʵһ׸ߵɽ壬ôӵʮ˲׵ʮŲʵ壡
һĿԽŽȫͬĲ㼶
ΪҪԽһͱ봴߽
λ񼶱յǿط˸߽֮еǿߡͬģ˸߽İŸ֮ӣܹע
߽İţȫ漺֪ľֻоŴ۷ǿţǱΪžžͷ
ÿһܹɲɱ߽ı̬ǿޱȡ

ͩչؿǧ꣬ڲ͸ھŲķͨӶʹԼľͻƵžͷĲ㼶
ͩġǡطںзһĿռ֮󣬳ɹشﵽ˸߽ˮ׼ܹռ䷨ȥܹΪط֮
ȻĿ̫ˣǶʱܹﵽˡ
ͩĽٶѾ൱Ѹˣв꣬Ѿ׷˰žͷ˼ʮı̬
еϣͩǿܴһЩࡣ棬ͩԲǲ
õһеܹͩٶȣԶ֮֮Уٶˡ
ȻٶȷǼΪˡ
ʵͩб˿ԭе·ϵƫ⡣
ͩбָ·֮ʱ·ѰֻҪԳ׿ļ㣬ֱģ¡
пɾҪԼٵ·ǰУٶȻȲͩ
ͩзǳȷԷΪķ壬̽汾Դȿռ䣬ʱ䣬·ȷʣµľǿ̿Уᶨ·ˡ
ԣܹͩôľ׷Ͼžͷı̬ǣҲ֮е¡

ǵǱҲֻǸ߽ˣҪ͵ںռ½ĻطͻˣΪһطˡͩ̾
ԼĵһֺϸطͩһֱǱǧȥˣһطǱѾ쵽ͷˣ޷Ʒˡ
ȻһطܹںµĿռ½ȥǾͲǼǣ̥ڼǵһȫµط
ţȻ֮֮ͺڰ֮ԼһطôطҲȡ֣ͽС޵䡷Ǿ⡶޵䡷ĵһʽţУ̫ˣͰϸΪʽͩȻѪ̾ĻҾ͵øԼȡˣҳ֮󣬾Ϊţ޵ˣ
ͩʱƾɣľѾͻ˳ɵżĴѾ򿪣ֻͩԽȥˡ
ֻͩףɵһ;ֶѣͩڻ̽ٻûȫ׼ټͩԪúܣҲͻơ
ҲǺ£Ϊ̣۸࣬θպͻҲԽ˳

ͩغĵһ²֮С
Ȼռ䣬ͩһαչسٶ꣬ʱǷɼġͩҲٶûлؼˡ
ͩӰںӱСǰ֮̾д׵
үˡ˵ӭ
ףֻһ𣿡ͩʵ
ǲɣؽԼһڽöڱչءɵصͷӦ
Ҳգүķ˳ͩ§˻ĵʵ
ԴͩĻУͩǿĻ˵һ˳˼Ѿˮ֮ȫ⣬ͻƵ񼶱𲻳⡣
޵ĶԶɵ־ѣ˥֮١ɽԲ˥Ϳɵͩһḧ㷢һ˵
֪㵣ûϵͻƵɾ֮ҾͲˡûгֻصҰĺʣܹͻ񾳽磬Ѿ㹻ˡ
ţȵǽ֮ȫҾһȵĸǸʱҲиʱˡͩ˵
Ļ֮£ǿлƣ̽ӸʤҪͩĵж岻٣ľˡ

ͩȻռ֮д²ų߳˶ҵȥ
סĴͷѾмǧˣ˵ʵͩĲ̫죬ΪЩ궼̫æˣҪôǸŻĸּжҪôǻ֮չؿޡ
ͩһ·ι䣬֮ϣ񵽴ɼﵱƵҲʥΪ
ȻУģһ֮Уһ붼ռһı
߽ͩһĲ¥̾һСʥӭ˹кǰ¥룬һλ
ʵһ¥λûֻͻԣȻ¥Խߣ羰Խˡ
ǵġͩͷͩһһ¥Ŀˣ
Сͩϵ¥һһ˵¥ɢ¥ǰᣬǰϲã
ɣڶ¥ˣһλþˣȻõͩػش
СΪͩѡһλȻΪͩ׼ȥˡ
¥ŵĶΪͩĵûʲôע
ͩͩĿ˲࣬Ȼ÷зʵʶͩ˻Щվڰ۷ս񼶸ǣЩͨ

ˮܿ˹
ͩ豭һڣˬѾþûôˡ
¥ɢ¥ֵطǴҺȲĵطȻ̸ٲ˵ġ
˵ϵɱˣ
ɲҲ˵˴£ϵɱ춼ɫâԲ֮ڵѹǿ˸޷ӽֺѾа֮ãûгأ
٣ϢͲˣֻˣΣϵɱܸʵģ
ͩŲ豭ֲɵöһ£а벻ؾҲǧѣȻͳϵɱȼı
Ҫ֪ڴ֮ǰؾڼ䣬ϵɱĴĿҴ඼ؾҪرʱŻ֡
Զؾرյʱôϵɱ
һؾᱦ²װ
䱦Ǯһ֣пܻؾر֮ʱ˱ԲУö
ͩ뵽ͲɵһͷΪҪᱦ͵ôؾ֮еİ֣оͰ˰žžͷ
ͩʶڤ˹ʵѹԵǿһֱͩȻ¡

˵һϵɱŴ۷İžͷƼɱһȷѪٲ˵ġһ˽Ÿ̾
ǵȼ棬Ƕֻܿ۲ѡһλ߼̾
Ȼǰ񣬵֮ԶͬΪżҲжʮ㼶ľ޴ȣ
žžͷܲɱЩͨģ
ͩڲ¥˰Сʱ漴뿪ˡ
Ӳ¥֮ͩȻȥϵɱ֮ز鿴һҲǰһֶԾĳ档
뵽ͩһתȥ
ͩո뿪¥ãйϢ̴ӷд˳ȥ
֪֪ͩҲ޿κΣϾܲһֱڶﲻɣ˶ӣ̾߻ӣۣҪԼٸǲܵġ
̾ӭ˳
ͩˣˡִ¹ޱȵ˵
ڲմ󺺽ͩӭһ֮󣬶˲Ž̸
֪ϵɱĵصӦ鱨аɣͩʵ
ǵģˣ֮ǰвٴ˹ѯʹմ˵óһΪϸµĵͼŵͼһʱռ졢֮ŵóؾͼ

մָŵͼ֮бʾĺһɽȣ˵ɱھڴ˴ݻϢһѾ˽λţʵǿޱȡ᳤͸᳤ȥǻĸֳλ⣬ȥˡ
ͩϸؿһͼһ±˴˵ľͷλ֮󣬵˵ͷȻô֣٣Ҳȥմ֡
ˣɻҪȥմ󺺹ʵ
ûˣȥæİɡͩ˵˵ͳ˾ң˻¥
¥һʹвٴʹãͩӵʹЩȨޡܹʡٸ·ʱҲǺõġ
Ϊصǧ֮ңͩҪӷзɹȥ治֪ϲϵϡ
ͩƾƣܿ쿪һֱӴ͵뱦صһص㲻롣һӾͽʡʮ֮ŵĸ·ʱ䡣
ͩóһҷɴ˽ȥɱصȥ

ͩϷɴ·ʱ
һۼɽ֮Уʮһ鲻֪ͭ۾գգضž档
λĿӦÿҪˣ׼𣿡
İɣŽĴѾˣŸжӵѾλֻˡһλ˵
֪ͨңǧܴ⣬һǵĿս񼶵ĸ֣ûĶ֡
ӳİɣһǰҹŸжӾʮˣ޵Ҳܹӳ졣ҪˣؾûıֻҪ̤Уͱɣһ񽾰˵
ҹܳʿţר˾ɱְ֮ÿһԱרѵʿΪĿģͬھ
һֲĲţΪŸӣÿַΪŸжӣˡ
Ȼİҹ֮СһӣĳԱǰʿǵʵҲͱͨǿһЩ紦ս㵽߲ңҴѾͣ޿ΪǶٳɵķʽģѾ˱Ǳ˴СΪȺ˼롣


323  ɱϣ
ʿԪֻͨһ벻ľɱΪȵһΪۣǿҲǱһ
൱ֲⲻǵԱһܵƵ͸֧һеĹ
ȺͲ㼶ĲܼͬĹҲͬǿжӳĸ֣Խ50ӳĸǱ̬һ
ô˵ɣܹжӳİҹʿľս˲ľ磬Ҳ޷ˡ
ӳﾳսʮٽ㣬ԶܿԽһżĴھΪ˱һ
İʿҹ֮һа˸ӣΪ۲ˣ죬ǵĴڣһʱ򣬵ͽпܱɱ
ֲĻǰҹĵһӣֻ࣬в֮
񼶵ʿ;ÿ¡
Щٳɵķʽģʱ۵ģһ벻Ǳ񡣵ҲͬɱҪʱĸǶп䡣
ȻؾֲĵһӲܽ˸ӣȻǿ֣֮ʵǺܴ

Ǿʿǰʿ¾۷ҲͷƤ飬Ƶߡ
ĲԺܼ򵥣Уֲ
ܲΪɱһţԼŸƴȥɣ
ÿһ۷嶼һ߱Լţһߴѹš
ͬһ֯ڰΪ֪
İҹӵ죬ûһ㶯
ӳǵϢɿôһֱûϹأƲ⣬ӦġĳλжӳЩסʵ
ȰɣʵڵȲȡжһǡھŴӵĴӳ侲ػش
һεϣҿɶо͸ˣӳת˻ʵ
ѾˣͩУţ꣬սʮ߲ľ磬жʧΣۣԸ侲׷աĳλжӳе
꣬Ȼӵд˵ȳɾͣȻɳȥһСĻӳ̾
ʼһֱشչǼԪǷչȻȺձСǱȷʵС

ֹ˰죬һֱλжӳеˣ
Χ˹ȥȷһ֮Ҳһͬ˷
ӳվ˵λΪȺ׵ʱ̵ˣ
λжӳҲһȵغ
ڣŽĴ󣡡ӳ
ŽĴ֮ת󷨣һ൱ߵ󷨣֮ǰԲױ
Ǵ󲢷ɱֻһִΧķ󷨣ƺһַǳ׶Ĵʵúܼ򵥣ǽֵķΧ
Χɱ벻󷨣һָ޷ѣֻսľ档
Ҳоԣһʱ󷨣һʱֻʮ졣ʮ֮УǲôҪɡ
һɲǣŸձһ֣رһεĽ£ͩҲܳȥ
ͩķӦҲ죬һʱ䷢޴ı仯һ漴侲
ŽĴ󣿡ͩˣ󷨹񣬲ҪҲϡ
ͩںƣԼʱȥֵİôᱻ˸ˣ

λôֱĳΪѰͩʵ
䣬ķ棬˾ŸӣЩӻڷֳռݿĿλذͩΧ
ͩһ£пЦõôҿһ˰õŰڳʮΧ𣿡
۷񣬿ͩһЩ嶼УͩѾˡ
ģһֱæûЩ֣벻겻ɢزƤҩһȥȡˡͩа
ٺٺ١ͩӿ󣬾ȻҪǰҹһӵԸ㡣ƮѪҲûôõĴҹĶӳ
Ŷô˵ͩñʾлඣͩЦط̵
գҵȰҹھŴȫڴˣȱҲѵһĳţһȫʬԲðɡҹӳӿڵ
ԲãǺЦϻ˵ҪɱĳƾǣͩһȻͩЩ۷ĸ磬ͩĸоǵľ粢ߡ
˵ڵͩǧǰͩҲܹһ֮ɱûдﵽսʮϵİ
ھжӵһСһʵļףվڡҹӳֱ
̾һλ۷˳ȵһ䣬˻ΪһѪâͩ
ϰٵѪâͩҪܣȻ䣬ŽĴеͩ޷ܣѪâٶȲ졣
ŽĴ˵ĲǷʮ죬Ӳȥ˵ľежҲӰ죬ͺǿһ㡣
Ѫâڽӽͩɾʱͱ޻ͼһ޻ͼܼȫλǵķͩξΪУͼͩͲ˿𺦡
߲߲߲һٵѪâײ޻ͼϣһŷͼ˱󣬵ջǳ
ѪâͬʱԷҲΪС
ͩȻȻİҹţǸµĴ̿ʿšԭǾǰҹ񣡡
ͩһЩѪâĹΣŴս˵ʮҵĸ֣ȫһĳ̶ȣŵͼ
ͩҲˣҹʾЩʿһֿµطΪۣľ͹һȴֻһ֮
ղŷ𹥻һˣÿһս˵ʮҵĲΣҲ˵ǵľ紦ս塢ˮ׼
ˮ׼ΪǣͩҪǵӴԼԷ쵼ǵһ


324  ɱУ
ͩԼתʹͩԽԽӦģɱܷӵҲԽԽǿ
޻ս׵ķȻҲԽԽǿ
޻սױǿˣͩǿˣܹõطӳɱıˡ
ȻҪɱҲҪ񼶱֮
ͩڶҲͷӸ߰˳ɵˡ
⻹ΪͩЩ꾳Եʣǰֻܷͩ޻սɵѡ
ɱھŴӵĴӳҲٷϻֱ
ʿ֮аſȵͳһسͩһ
ͩЩԼһлΪһİʿǣֻһ󷢺
ЩһﶼһȺӣͩڸоԼķǳƣԼһ˺һȺƴƴģô붼ﲻ
ٵ̺һλһУǱķ£һһǰС
ͩµһٵߣ˲ͱٵ
ǵ͵ֲ
ͩһٵߣֻΪķԲʮײķΧѾܹˡ
ΧȻӶٷȴܹСܹ

Է̽ͩɲұ֤ԼܷܲסԷλʿը
֮ɳİͬطҪһƳͩ
ͩûжñķȥ޲㣬޻սױһЩԴ౦ãսױ洢޻ͼҲ޸
ͩҲûϵԷطȻܹһĹԽֹ࣬Խ
һ˵ĹǿܹƳͩһķ˵Ĺһȥͩӵİ˵ʱȻܹȥķ
ٶϼ٣ͩұ֤ˡ
ͩƵľǣܻҲǾŽĴһЧã󷨲ռ䣬ѹȫе֮ڵϣʹͩжȵΪܵӰѹƣȶԣΪǱģܵѹС
˵ͩȫһȥᱻٷ֮ʮ£ڸͬھ⡣
һ㣬ҶǹƽģͩĵҲһѹһг湥
ҲǾŽĴļ֮һͬھ󷨣󷨵ĴҲС
֮ԳΪǸʿʹƵ󷨡
ţԷ˳У̽ԵĹ
ʮƣͩΪ⡣
Ҳ̫ǿ˰ɣ

һǧ˳зһ˲ͩһ޻ͼ
ʱ򣬵ֹͣ˹ƺʲô
ͩ²ԷѾԼķʵҪʼɱˡ
ʵϣͩ²൱׼ȷ
ʮӳʿһ¡
״ҪǼһʿһܹƵзҽɱ¶ԷҲܹʱĳһλжӳڵ
ǵֻЩɱķȷʵǿûйɱһǧ빥Ƶһ˲ֺһλжӳص˵
λжӳͷʾͬɱûɱȷʵǴྶͥ
ˣŽĴѲֻܹȥһ˷㣬Ƕü׼ȷ˷һСһλжӳڵ
ѾˣһֻͶһǧ˷һӳôһλóжӳڵ
һ֮ҲľԵġ
һĹ켣ǹ̶ģҲǹ̶ģ޷ĵģΪһڷ֮󣬴˾Ѿˣ޷ٲٿع
ڶڻĿ֮ȻйδĿ֮ǰܹ˵Ĺź͵ġ;ˣͬʱʱܹ켣ཻ
ʲôģûжõģԼ

ͩķΪֻܹͬʱһǧ˵ľһѾ൱ֲˣһǧͬʱһƵͩʮҪ֪ͩһٲ޻ͼԽԽǿ
ھжʣµȫͶȥӳ
ھжʣµԥվ˳ȵطһ
ǧһ㽵١
ͩӿһǿҵΣУͩķע޻սףȫ
֮ǰԷֺ̽ͩγûв׾
֧ͩԼͩɱȫǳɱӡ
䡪ǧȻͬһʱײ޻ͼϣһ춯صıը
ͩȫ˲ɣ⻹췽֮дٱͩķƺ嫷
£Ҳ˰ٷ֮Ĵ
ıͩȫ֧£ͩȻϮ֮ܵش
Ĺͩ㲻ʲôǧͬʱһڻĿ֮ʹƻõ˺ܴ
һͩĸоǾ类㣬Ϊ̫࣬幥ԱȵϾžͷĹ
޻սɫ󰵵һٲ޻ͼҲɢ
ǣ췽֧֮£ͩķõ˲䡣
޻ս׵õͩĴ߶»ٹ⣬һһ޻ͼڼϢ֮ڻָȫ
ͩһö˵ĵҩƵõ˼ʱƣڿٺת
˷˹۵ļӳﶼĪ
Ҳ벻ͩȻֹܹ֮»ܹѸ֯µķ
ӳĿķɱͨĻɫһλжӳ
еȷɱĳһλжӳһ䡣
ǣӦͨɱ֮еļƷӳҡͷ
УĿϿ϶ӵбԴı򲻿ôͻָһλжӳ
˵ǿǲǲܵˡھжӵжӳ˵ѾΪȺ׼˿̵ͱ˹˾һеİѾ顣
ãҲ׼ɣӳղһܴͩǲǺɱĿˡ
ǣλжӳͬȵغ
ڰжȫԱУϰˡϾţһ·ߣҵȺܿͻ㣡ӳͬʱȭΪھжӳ͵ڰжӳС


325  ɱ£
һ˼巢һȳ棬ȸղŻҪ׳ۼ֡
ͩɲ˿⣬Ԫע޻ս֮ڣͬʱҲڳ췽洢Ԫġ
ͩҲ޻սֽ׶ܼз
䡪
񱩵ನɢͩӰӱըĵɶϵѾؤװؤװҪҡۿɼжദ˺ۣе˺ɼǡ
ȥƺҡҡ׹ʵ϶һЩˣЩ˶ڰʿ˵
ʵϣͩڸֻܵص𵴣Ҳм֣ʵǿ߳ҡ
ͩǼ켶ʿ쳣ɵͩҪǶԷɵơ
ͩķҲ۷״ֻ̬췽֮еķ˰ٷ֮ҡͩһ£ҺõõһеɱıԴɱ˿̵ֻͩб¶һֱصֶβܵסԷֲĿը
ͩóһ˵ҩ̷ȥۿɼٶڼϢ֮ھͻָȫҲõѹƺͻ⣬Ҫٻָȴǲܡ
Ϊﵽ֮ܵ˲ô׻ָġ
ԷҲûָֹͩˣΪ̶ֳȵ˶ͨռʿ̸˵񼶵ʿˡ
һ仰˵úã㶵ģ㶵ľ²Ҫġ
ֲҪļһͩͷ֣ѹƷһʱֻ֮м֮޻֮
ͩҲûлᣬͩѾоˣŶԷԽ࣬ѹҲڼ

󷨵ѹѾɰ룬ֻҪټɰ룬ܹͩһٺɨЩ쵰
ڶжӵж׼˳ηͣ٣ӳֱιѾ̽˶ֵķߣʱ͹ˡ
ߣڸŵжӷɣȡӵ󡣡
ǣӳжӳ͵жӳһԥҲûоʹӦ
жӵʿΪ곯ͩ
䡪
һıըͩİٵǽըûҷ𣬲ͩӦжӵʿΪû˿ͣ١
ΪһζԷ켶ĸֲûг֣ûбս񼶵ɱͩ˵ܹǿܡ
ͩһȻû̫ܵصƣֻǱõһξ룬֮ǰĲ״Ҫõöࡣ
û뵽ԷȻͩ˿ϢĻᣬϮ
ͩնµһʽǧһ
ǧ⼤ڰлΪһ޴ĽȻ͵رס˽ǧϮ
ΪͩӮһϢĴϢʱ췽ԪĹע֮£޻ս׵ķͼһγ
Ϊͩסʣµǧǹ
ͩȫʩΪ֮£ǧһͩص
ɶ񣡵жӳǧ˳жӷʣµ±ӣһǧΪһΣʽҸηϢóһϢӳһ´˳ȥ
Ҳ벻ͩȻһ֡

һֱ鵽ϱͩͨǵ幥ɱûбֳǿȺɱйͩĺܶ϶׼ȷ
һ֮£ԹԹȻܹסǧǾһʵ˾̾
һǧʿһлλжӳλսǿȫһǿһǧ֮С
ͩĶں嫵ķһǧһ˶ԷǧǣȻоǧ޻ͼϡ
ŷͼɵķǽ˲仯ΪС
漴ǿս񼶹ͩؿڣ޻սӲصû䴩͸սףͩĴǿȻ˳׹ͩڡ
ͩڸ˺ոջָһЩһμء
Ϊ˵ҩԵʣ˱ѹסˣûб
ͩڵʵû̫Ӱ졣
˵ˣͩҲûʱȥˣΪһϮѾǰ
ʱͩѹּɰ룬һһ롣
ͩսָһ룬ûбҪӲȥˡ˵ˣڵͩҲסˣٿȥƻء
ͩѥһͶݳ˶ԷĹΧΪһ壬ͩɵضһ١
ãҷ̫󣬴ǣѹˡġ壬ǸһǧѪ󣬻ָ󷨵ѹӳӦ˹ڣ侲
ǣ
˲䴫
̾ǧʿġ֮£Ա壬ΪһƬСѪжӳжӳҲΪƷͨطڰʱ֮ɲٿ󷨵
ķҲûдۣԭԳʮĴ̵졣

ͩȻ֮о󷨵ѹָֻ˹֮ǰǿ
жһαˣΧռҲ޷ѥܡ
һǧʿһͩ˾һ
ͩԹһԷʿһ֮󣬾һϮˡǣڵĴȴǲ
׼ɣһˣҪǲɹҪӳˡ벻ͩȻбԴɱǿһӻκβռȫ𣿡ھŴӵĴӳҲҪƴˡ
ӳģѾռˣѾͨĵط˳ȥͩɱʵʵɲ⣬ڵûóȫʵɣһжӵжӳ˵
˵ʵӦôս񼶵ʮ߲۷ˮƽȴԶ񡣡ھŴӵĴӳͷ˵
󷨻ܹס룬ϢѾ˳ȥϣܹʱϵ˵ذɣӳ̾ѾԤϵҪɱͩǳˡ
һӣҹʿûĥӣ֪ڰҹ˵ٳɵİʿҪΧɱŸ֣һ¶ĥĿꡣ
ͩǿ޾һɱ壬ǿԿ
ôõĻҲֻôһζѣһûΧɱסͩԺлˡ
ʵǲصģһιģƴĽɱܰͩڴ˴ȻľΧҪд˹ģƴĽɱѶȲʿ֪
ԣҪͩڴ˴նݳ󻼡


326  ˿
ͩڱһѹ̴֮ԴӴϿ֮в鵽˴һá
תĴռ䣬֮⣬ҪĻԲΪռ֧㣬Чá
ͩŹǰľһʹΪռ֧Ȼ٣󷨵ѹ֮Ȼʹ
ȴѪķʽʱռ֧ĸָáͬʱҲַܹͨʽ͸ķȡϵ
һֱѪľΪֹ
񣬶Էֻʣ¶ǧֻܹ֯ϮֻҪŹϮ㹻ʱ
ͩѾ˽һεĹǿȣͩоԵİգܹڲ¶£û֮Σؿȥ
ͩͭǮ֮ȡһĽ˵ҩȥ
ֵּһе鱦Ľ׵ҩҲֻͩҲܷõĽ׵ҩǿʦƳ
ʦʦְҵʦҩʦְҵ
ʦͬΪʦʦʦʦʦ
ʦƳױＶĵҩԴƣʦܹƳߵ߽׵ҩ
ʦʦһϡС

֮ͩǰõֻͨ׵ҩֻܹѹƣƣҪλӳİҹʿͩòѪ
ҩڿռ佻ƽ̨֮У٣رĵҩˡͩнĵҩǿռ佻ƽ̨ʱһ֣ͩܰƽ̨֮ееҩˡ
ԣͩڵҩʹϣһֱ൱
һǧһɵ׼ȷػͩķͼϡ𵴵ӣʹ˲ƻõ˼
գۼ䣬һٲͼ𣬱ըನвͩϣ޻սױ˴󲿷֣ʣµСͩǿҲܹܵڸ𵴵ơ
һ룬һϮӿ
֣
ӳİҹʿһ𷢶һһϮ֮С
ͩķȻԴԴϵӿ޻ս֮УʱͩǶһֱ洢޻ս֮޻֮ԭİŷͼ㣬һϢ֮
һֱͩûж޻ս֮д洢޻֮Ϊ˷һ̡

֮䣬ֻʣͩһ·һĹâ
䡪
㱬ƣڻ֮ǰΪͩһͨʿľһ
ΪѪĹϵѹ֮д棬ֻܹͩӲԷʯٵһ
ͩۺ֧֮£ͨʿľһܹͩܵЩˡ
ǣĵͩҲܺӵġ
ĵȺػͩؿڡ
ĵ൱սʮǿȫһһսʮ˲ǿȫһ
޻ս׵ĸе߲ʣнɵͩڡ
ͩʱͱõصˤڵϡ֮һѪɫ԰ףѪɫ
ȿȿȡͩڵϣ춼
˼һ֮ͩŷԼ˵÷ǳأʷû˵ôع
ȫϣѵļҪ֮ǰһĽ׵ҩܿĻѡ
ֿԣҪ˾תһҪСǹ̵ģˣҲϱ¶ı䱦ͩԺ֮

Ѫ֮δһᱻλ󷨵֪̽Ҵȥܵ˶ѣҵҷƲҪƱ֪̽ҺܿԶˡͩڣ᲻׵ƵҪԣ
һαϮǾٵʱͩҲֻ˵ʮ߲ľ磬Ӳ㾳硣
ͩˣΪң˵ҩ׵ҩõ𡣵ҪƱ֪ˣһκܾܿͩˡ
ͩҪʱɳɲôزڵжıֶ֮¡
ԣͩɲ׾ˣҲҪڹؼʱŤתĵ֡
ղһǵƴܵˣͩҲ㹻ʱָ
ʵϣһĽ׵ҩ̷ȥ֮ҩ𽥻ͩڸҩ£Լǿָ֮£𽥻ָ֮С
˴ʱͩͻָжͩóĽ׵ҩһӵĽһẔ́ԪĽԪ
ȷĽ˹ֻʱͩڵľ˾ͻָ߰˰ˡ
ַĽԪһ֮£Ѹҩ֮ҵ

ͩѾõ߰˰ˣĽ׵ҩ֮
̧ͩһգаѪ֮Ҳɢ˰ɣҲգٵ˵
뵽ֱͩ˫Ŀ˹Ϣָơҿʼ췽ȱʧķ
һսʵͩҲһսҪ췽¹ľ㹻ͩ
ͩվѾת˾ųɾţ񾳽磬ֻҪܴأ٣ڵҩİ£ָ൱Ѹٵġ
ʱȥˡͩ˵
˵գԼıʮ
һ˱ҡ
һ⶯գǰһ̣֮ѿһԲףһԲ֮Уʧˡ
ھתĴռǧ֮⣬һʮ㱦֮֡
ͩӱ֮˳Ȼһ˱
ڳ֮ǰͩԱӰ鿴һԲ
˿ǾתĴ֮⣬ȻԼϣ˹ȻϢ˳ȥ˸
٣ϧǰæˣ֪νĿռκβͩ

ʮǿռ߱ͬʱҲ֮ߵᾧ֮һ
ʵڴµʱֻҪͩԸ⣬ûбҪԷӲƴҪ·൱׵ġ
ɱԭɱ֮УһıȱԴɱɱ
٣ȰɣӲˡһεʣӼˡͩһĿĵؽˡ
һͩмࡣ
ֹ죬תĴЧĿռϵڴ֮ܵһΧľתĴ
һӵʮ֮࣡
ͩȻû뵽ôĹģ
˿̵ͩѾԶ֮ˡ
ɳӵİҹţھתĴ֮У޷ȥˡ
ףأңȵߣҲҪ˸ҵӵĴӳޱȵؽе
ʮɢʼ̺ʽ
ָͩ˰µ·ڸϵĿĵأ벻߲ŷ֣Ȼ졣
ʮʿÿһս񼶵ĸ֣ѷѽ⡣
Ǵ棡

ͩһñӰǧ۲սֵı仯
ϸ۲һ֮ͩ־Ŵ۷˾ȻֶԿһʿ
һʿΪģСȺЩȺʵԶŴ۷壬ôȺ֮УҲţһܹôս񼶵ĸֲ֡
Ŵ۷Ⱥежԣڴѹ۷Ⱥʱ򣬵ܹһ£ʱط³ޣֶԵСͩа̾һ
ͩһ£ûвսĴ㡣
ͩһڴһţֱͨȻռ䡣
ȻռİУȻһڵĴš
˿ڴһҩžóͷԶûз֡
ͨŹͩд
һ̧ͷһƣȻһڵĴš
үôؽе
ңɡͩﴫ˳
Ҳûгɣһ˴š
Ϊ֪ͩı⣬ûܹ֮пһŻ

Ż֮гͿͩһϣЦеؿԼһܣǳϤûкֵĵط
үôˣżʵȻϤÿһﶼǷǳҪ鷢ˡ
ûʲôţ֡ͩӵ뻳Уָһ㣬ӰĻ˲ŴʮʾһҵȺս漴ͩһָ֮ڳʮŻ棬ֻǽǶȸвͬ
Щһ¡
һֱ㶼Ǳչؿޣʶ棬ᣬȻͽˣϧǱչˡͩڵ
ͷȫעؿŻ棬Ȼû룬ǿܹܵЩڴ򶷵ĸʿûһߡ
ǿ̾
ǵǣ֮Уÿһ˶ʸȼ𣬳Ϊλ֮еǿߡͩͷش
ʲôıôĳ棿Ϊʵ
ͩЦЦһһǶȣһ鿴ȥͨͨļƣ˸΢⣬һҵİС
һ³ϵɱǾΪ˴˱ͩش
״ϵɱ𣿡ֵʵ

ͩ⻰Ҳое֣漴䱦ѣʵ˱ϵɱ
䱦ר۹ϸ֮ȻֻǸŻ۲죬ҲԿ϶ػشﲻϵɱ˵òӦɱɱʵ·ͣƺĳͨƾ֤ĳԿ֮Ĵڡ
ʲô˼ǣֻĳʿʹõɱͩȵؽе
ҵרҵ۹һҿԱֻ֤ǲ֪﾿ʲôԿ׶ѡ䱦϶ػش
ͩ˵ͷûʲôת˼
ͩ˼֮Уɵûȥעת˴ֳ
ǧѵһĸֻսܹһϸۿҲһĻԵŹûᡣ
һôĵسýһԲ
ʵؾͷǳҪȥ˼еܣԴҲ벻͸
ͩ㼶Сܹ֪̽ġ


327  
ͩȻ֮д洢ӴϿ⣬Ԫ洢ϡ
ȻͩΪȨ޵Ĺϵֻܹ鵽еһֶŵϡ
ؾǵһοˣӦûйһЩϸأ٣ͩǵú￴صļء
ͩϵϸһƣԭ֮ãͨؾƾ֤û޷ؾġ
ϵɱֻкŻ֣ǹ
ϼأƣ̫࣬Բᳬ֮ÿһֻһͨС
֮ͩﰵԾȣҪ֪ؾ֮еİʿڼƣȺС
ս񼶵ĸֿҲ٣ƴɱľ֮ࡣƾȻֻвʮ
ѹֻôΪϧƴˡ
ϵɱһֻλȫǿıλҲΪ֮ġ
ȡƾмĻϵɱЩ˵һѵһĻԵ

ʹòˣҲܹȵԺ񣬳ɳ֮
ڶԴ˽˲ƲǷǳصģÿһʿԲͬĻԵϲ㲻˰ŵĻԵáǴлǱУҸ൱ı
Ҹоķ壬пܾؾĺԲܷŹᰡ䱦ͩԺ֮
ͩȻص˵ͷؾſһΣԪж٣һΣܿԶûлѰ䱦Ǯһˡ
ԣͩǰһֱ͵磬ҲҪһ
ʵ֪ͩνĵ͵ڱѾ൱̬ˣڲ֮УܹΪս񼶸Ѿ൱̬ˣ˵Ϊս񼶸֮еٮٮߡ
ƫƫͩˣжԵͩӼɵɱҡ֮С
Ȼ¶˾ҪƣɴֱӳҵĻᣬǿݣ
ºѣΪѾεĽΧ
ǽ磬ҪǽΧвػĸ֡
ЩֿξǾͨɱ֮ʿսʵҪͬʿ£ĸ;ԻᱻЩȺ֮

ֻʩչǲˡͩ̾
үֲ뱩¶ݶ𣿡ͩĸ̾ʵ
ôа취ͩʵ
ǱȽ˽ͩһڻشʵֻҪͷ棬һݲ
ͩ˲һ£԰һﾪ˰ͩ˼·һֱûйչ
ͩ뱣ԼıǮԼһǿʵڹؼʱŵơ
һݣǱ¶ȥҲ֪Ϊ
ֻǻһݣ˵ףɾˡ
ǰҲһƷļݣƭƭͨ˻Уһ֯㶼ܹʶơ
ܹͩȥ¡
ŵϣ۷壬ͬģ۷Ҳͬ۾
ͩݸ£ǾǴ˵
Ҫͩˣͩڵͨ㡣
תµӵб仯֮ͨͩڵˮƽ

ܹر仯һ壬ֲ屻ʶƣ
ͩΪͷ۵ʱ䱦
ֻҪıΣͷ棬ݵĻҵа취
ʲô취ͩϲʵ
٣ҵղһΪ仯ͨ鱦˱أãȴֱ仯̬á䱦ڻش
ֵͩʵôõĶôҲ֪أ
ΪҲűղصģӦؾ³ıʵ˱֮еôҪݣʵ˾Ͳһˡ˱ûκη빥ã仯ֻ̬ҪУͻָԭΣ൱ߡҴ˱Ҳƭƭµʿϵǿߣʶơ䱦ڻش
ͩϸһ룬Ҳ൱еҲ󣬱Ͼ仯ֻ̬ҪоͻָԭΣļֵۿˡ
Ͼʵñ˴еˣûбҪʹʹˣñ˴оͻᱩ¶ݣֺαأ
ԣ˱ȷʵ൱ߣı仯Ч൱أѹֻᱻ䱦ղ
ȷʹô˱ᱻʶƣͩСĵʵͩ±仯ʶƣϾڳȫǰʿٸҲܸ߹ϳ

ĵǶģԭֻһʥʿ۷ʿֻҪ㲻УͲᱩ¶ɹطʵ䱦ڻش
ãȻˣһƱˣͩ䱦ȡһȥǳͨĶʼȫ˱
ͩķ;磬һͨ鱦ûöãܿͩͼɹ
˱ı仯ܵҪĿѪҺΪģġ
һѲͩȻ죬Ҳ١
ͩпӽս۷İȺʬռѪҺȻн붷֮С
⣬ͩһװһףֱ־Եװǻһ׿ȥô۵ġ
ãɱԭͩ׼ļɱװ֮еһסǾģֻҪװټһܹʹˣûѴʱ¼Ϥ
ͩ˱仯˾ͱһĸ֡
Ϊ壬ȺƣΨһͬǣ˫ѷĳεУӳʼͽһ˫б۵һʵСڸ߼塣

ľ岢ǾŴ۷齨ľŴ֮еһԱһɼʮ߼ɵĶ֮еһԱ
Ŀɿڴؿͩһˣ˵ү⻹𣿡
ǺǣȻˣôʶ𣿡ͩЦʵ
ܣʶ˽ع۲죬κϢҲȫǰһıش
ܺãȻȥɣүҪˡͩ׼˼죬ʱˣΪʱȺսѾﵽ߳Ľ׶ΣʤܾܿҪڽ֮ڷֳˡ
ֻһ׶εʤھŴ۷ռƣȵִˣֵڲƴɱˡ
Ǻ˰Ϊ˲ø޹ˣվⳡҪɱɡͩ̾ԴмЦ⡣
ͩ˿̲ٿͨռ䴩Уܹ磬ɹؽӽơ
ͩҪƣͱ
һͩǰģֻҪıֱֻͨӽӴȡκȡûЧ
ͩҲ֪һ̾ͻܱ߸ֵĽػͬʱȻڶҲһʱ䷴

ȡҪʱ䣬Ȼͨ뿪Ҫһ׼ʱ䡣ͩһҲʵǺǿս񼶵ĸ֣ͬʱмλžͷĸ֣ɲء
ػ֣ܵʮλ֮࣬ÿһСҲܲڱϾԿƶ⡣
ӰȺս񼶸֮УΨһһͨ̿Ͱɱ֮ĸ֣ûвȺսһֱܵĳ۾һգգضơ
ͻȻ䣬һӰϢس֣һֻơ
̾˷е̺һϢشǸһڶʳļһ
ܵͬҲĬʮسˡ
ʮ̿ĸ֣ͻȻɱ֣൱ֲ飬Щ̿ĸ֣ƵıطԽһ˲ȫǾžͷĸ֣˵Щ̿͵ı

߾
ɱ

ʮ̿ͣسͩȥһϢͻĿꡣ
ֻЧȴ⡣
Ӱֻײһεǽϣйͬʯһ㡣
̧ͷһֻͷһʮߵ籦磬ѹ죬ӱ֮й㱦֮˻С

ӰȴףԼͬʮͬеıɱһⱦ֮£һҲ䶯ҡ
ֹһϢ
ã򶷵һڸҲӦ˹˵Ĺһ˲ת˷򣬳ͷļһ﹥ȥ
ɶɱ˴ⲣ
Ȼͩŭֵĺɱ
˱ϣֻ˵ʵЧȴ⡣
Ϣˡ
ͩ˳ȡƣȻͣһȻʼ
죬סҪˡ
´ˡ
ɱȫ

ַˣǴʮʮҹԡѪս˲أǵͷȴĿ֮¶ƣԿ

һ̶û֣طɱ
йûá
ô֮УҲвپͨ๥ĸ֣Чۣеʣµĸκβͩ
һϢһȻ֮ԭʧֻһĿռڶ
ɶ񣬵˭Ȼ˴ı£
ǱʲôȻܹô˵Ĺֱ̫ˡ
壬ֵ壬ûд
ˣڶһ㲻ö˵
ɶ徹Ȼƻأ
ٸֶϴףǶˡ
ˣλؾȻûˣֻбԹԼʵˣڣߣ˵ľͷľɭ
һ֣ĸԼĸֶһ뿪ˡ
ߣλͷҲԼͬشһڸ뿪ˣû˶ʲôݻΪؾ׼㲻ˣ㣬ı߾֮ûʲôñԹģһεòһ
۷һ뿪ûʣ¶ˡ
Ҳ飬߱λ֣ĸֶ´
ˣ֪˭ɵģ˭ǳơ


328  ӿϣ
º䶯ؾΧȺȻ˸ս񼶸ǰ˱ô˫۾ţβɺ䶯
ؾΧĸֶ֪һظ֣ȻھžͷƤӵ˱þžͷ澡ʧ
ҪǴ˵ʵƾˣڷϾԿǿˡ
ҴݵҲǳǿֵƤӵ˵߾ߣ裬ûܹ١
Щս񼶵Ķ޹⣬ǳΪʿ෹̸ʡ
ţʿλظΪʮͷһ۵õ˲ٰʿĸ͡
ڤǿڤ˹ǿʨԼҵľֲ໥̸š
˿һûӪûһЩϻ
ڤ˹飬ôʨ׿
Ӧûֵֻ徹Ȼ֣ڤ˹һ»ش
ⲻ֣ҲǴ壬˱鲼棬һŲΪ棬֮˵һλɢ޵߶ʨҵ˵
ַ֣һ־ֵõȺϵͳĸ֣һ־ɢΪĸ֡

ֻȶԣϵͳĸҪö࣬ҲҰ·ҪһЩ
ûоԣ֮治С˭˵а֮УֻǾλﵽսʮŲľ磿
ܹ֮֮Ϊžͷʵ⣬ǱȺ֧֡
ң˵ľҲδؾǸߣҪĻǴͷʮ㱦ʨҼ˵
ôڤ˹ʵ
ôܹ»Ŵ˴Ӷݣ˹ɱ֮⣬ûˡʨĹʣɱҲûһ
Ҫ֪ʨҿĴ֮һƽʨ̫ӣųƻ֮еĻ壬С
棬ɱǺ㶨ģ˵ڲϼ١
;ˣ౦ɱ֮Ĵڡ
ؾû˵һɱ
ǰɱ˵ûлأڤ˹̰˵
ܣҲڳҲʶɱд˱¾ҲκβǾ͸ˣҪߣסʨҡҡͷشȻҲõɱҪǿᣬǲܵ顣
ʿľﲻžͷĳ̶ȣƾܹʹùɱʵǾžͷᲢܹۡڵһλؾܹ˵ˡ

ڤ˹һ£ҡҡͷȷʵΪɱôԵ¶ԷӵһɱʵǿҲ󷨽סȻ˺սΧӵйɱ鲻ԣһ㣬˺սЦסһ⡣
ֱϻҧ꣬޴졣
ƵҲ֮УⲢΪ档
һɱЩҪûа˼ǲŽˡ
ǽôΣɱΪ˱ȫԺͰȫԣǾ۲Ҳκβ˶ԷǽȥλӵйɱֵҲҲֺ
Ȼ֮Ϊֵ÷зǾһʱ֮󣬴ҲͽƽϢȥ
ҶΪͨƵĳֶסĿ⣬ͩȥһƣǲǵһѣȻ󣬵ڶһ޶ֻҪᵽʣµƱˡ
ͨƣڸ֮бͲʲôܡ

ΪͩǷǳƽشҰĳһռ϶֮Уһˬҵķ̡
ͩˮϣ·һӢµʿǰضţʹֺͩ
ͩһţһ߷ֳһϵơ
ƣһ̾ϢӿͩԺ֮С
Լ֪֮ͩһصֻгƵ˲Ž롣
֮رҪõǲô׵ġ
ؾһοڣõϵɱ˼٣˵ϵɱϵıˡ
ϢҲͩˣǵõƾһԴӱ֮лúôġ
ͩǶԼʵţҲұ֤ԼͿ϶ԴõԼҪĶ
Ҫǿʵаͩ̾һ
ү檡ֵشţһ룬Ѿϵ۷壬ͩϡ
ͩҲٵͦ˼ʮ£йԪ
޼ʼȻתͩ˫״̬֮Уһ
Ȼ˵ķڰ۷壬״̬֮£ͩͨͩΪѾķ¡

ȻҲûо޵ģ֮ֻ᲻ԴܹͩõҲ֮ͩʮ֮һˡ
ֻܹڷ֮·ߵø˳ͨ޷һ졣
һʱ䣬ȵһжƽ֮ͩſѰٻԵ߻˵ͩѰ
ͩƢʵǳãԼ鷳㲻ǵһ޺ϺˣǵǾԻڡ
ͩʵԿͩҲɵĿȻؾǡ
֪ͩؾر֮ʱԼɳֻʣ´èСèֻӢһʧ֮ʱʲôı顣
ӱϿҪһ㣬ͩҪ㹻鱨ֲ֧С
ſɢӴؾ֮УҪһһҵǵ٣ƾͩһ˺
ͩȴһʿ޵ɵҪͨѰɵͨһڵ׵ʿ
׵Уʧ洫ֻһЩƤëС
׵徳ⷽ򡢲⸣ͨ洫ԶҲ̤
ͩǰϰ֮÷Ȼ׵֮㲻̫֮Ҳ׵洫֮һΪЧñȲö洫׷Ͼ洫ͩҲ˳̤׵ľ硣

ͻܵķɣ׵֮ҪӦ磬ûǵȵΪԪ֮Ԫ֮˵
ͩ˵ֻǲ׺һڣССˡ
ͩת䷴֮ͩһߡһЩѰ֮༦ëƤС£ǾͲ̫ѡ
ҪΪ׼ȷѰˣǾҪһЩϸµ׼˵֮֡ľȷϡ
ɺϵǣͩþһйصжŵɱ񵥣Űϣÿһеţһص˵
ϣ˾޴鱨ռġ
֮ռȻϸޱȡ
ͩҪ㣬Ȼͷ̫ࡣʵܹЩʿë֮ƷĻȻ͸Ӿȷ
ͩŵ˳ϸһ
岻ΪƵĳ񼶱н֮ࡣս񼶵žʮһ
ݵ̣ȷʵƵ
ϻǧǰϣЩؾ֮У֪жʿѰûԵʵͻͽ
ͩԼһͣڽ֮ǰͩľԶԶûˮ׼ûɱû췽ʵ֮˲֪ٱ

ԣϿ϶Ѿʱˡ
ͩһŷΧӵʮ㵽ʮ˲֮ǧٶЩ˲ֵͩĿꡣ
һˣͩѡһĿ꣬ӥһţӥգս񼶵ʮĸ֡
һºͩ˳ҵԼĵһĿꡣ
ӥڰлУһ߷һѰŻԵʱʱµɼĳһ꿴ȥݾԶҩġ
ѾΪȥЩķܶҲһɱװһеȹɱʵѾ㹻Ұ⣬ѰɱԴΪԺͻ۵̡
ӥ㹻ţϴӸֻ֣Ҫǳ̫࣬ҲԱ֮
ףҩڤܹ˵ҩҩ֮һӥմӿӥΪǿΪѰṩ
ҩĲ鱦ɱֳ֮Ҫһӹܷ޴ãؾ֮УеɱټĽס׵ҩĵǱȽϺѰνĺѰҲԶԵģܵ˵׼ֵ

Զ֮⣬ͩм⸽Ѱн֮ãҵĿꡣ
÷Ѱֻܸ֮ͩһŵĵصͷҪ׼ȷҵĿȷʵѡ
ڣͩӵӰ֮ӵͩʶĸǷΧٱ̽鷶ΧȻ׼ȷͨ
죬ҵĿꡣ
ͩ⾵֮еӥգЦҵˣֻһϢ²˽ǣһҲá
ͩʵףİЩɱˣҲ˽ǡĵ̣ǰŶɱˣָֻܹţӵмԪ֮ǱʣֻҪûгɳҲˡ
ĻҲʹذսͣΪǶ֪Ųĥ£Ҳ̫ĳɾ͡һЩٵͨʿһǵĥҲܹճɳ
ͩԥֳ˿̵ıͩоͺһʮصɫﵣﵼ׼֮Ŀꡣ
ͩؽԴġ޵䡷һʽǡѹ֮͸ͷţ
ʸǣ
̤ͩսʮŲ㾳ĵһȫ֣
Զӥո˵شػҩޣ˳زɼҩ֮ʱͻȻӿһ˲ľס
ã͵ϮʶķӦΪ־ڰս֮ϣĥ¶ŶȻ֪ȹٴΡ
һ⼫ͷų
ӥţֻҪסɲǹܹӹһ١
һɱͷţܹһ
ͩĹײ˻֮ϣһɱ֮⣬ͺֽһ㣬һͱƣûסɲǵĹ
µǾӥյԴǾ˷ɱӴɱҲӥܹµġ
ֵµĽҲˡ
ӥյԴͷ·һ㱬˿֮ﵽɽӴֱ˺꣬䡣


329  ӿ£
ͩƵشԶ˹ʹ˱仯ģͷʮסȫ©˿ϢݵʰսƷȻһųʬ𼣣һʧ
ջ񻹿ԣõ˼ͨɱһеȹɱֻɱһµͩ˳֡һЩҩģ鱦֮Ͳˡ
²˳֣ͩҲòʹµĹҪնµǿ
ҪеɱҲҪʮϰʱ⣬ͩɲΪһ˳ֵı˷ʱ䣬ȵԺ˳ֵɱ˵
ӥձնɱǾϢĽҰ⣬Ⱥ˵ͩʬ𼣣൱ɾûЩƺҲѲ
ʱͩһֱڸأϵɱţͩϵţûǧҲһǧ˰٣ս񼶵žͳʮλ֮࣡
ʮ㡢ʮ㼶ս񼶸ָһգʮ߲㾳ĸҲһλ
İɱ֮£ûа㷴Ӧ
Ҫ֪ţƱֶ֮Σ棬顣

Щ̽ؾᱦλʮһս֮оʮ䡣
ʧֱնɱʮλҲûжˣΪأ
Ϊе޵֮ǱѾþҪûĻԵǲܵˡ
Щս񼶵ţܹڰ񼶱ܹľ磬ӵʵպǱ˵Ըһ
һʧʮˣȷʵ쳣ܣټս񼶵һǧλţҲҵԼ·ǿţżǿǱ
ʧ˾޴βǷ裿
ԣǷণľԱһ۷൱ֲġ
ؾرΧ򣬵ĶĿҲز鵽һЩ˿
ͩҪ֮ǰһնɱſɾ൱ˡ
Կ϶ǣʣµİλţȫرͩȥɱǾ͵Ͷ
ͩɲɵ֪廹
˵ˣʣµսţȫʡ͵ĵƣһԼͬʨңͩɲΪԼѾ޵ˡ
ңͩնɱôսţǿڶҲʱõ滺ڵҲ֮ǰ˺öࡣ

ʧĶĿ
˲صʧôĶ벻֪Ҳаʵϣ˴۷֪ˣһЩ߼嶼֪˴¡
ϵһЩ嶼ڱֻǿĲһЩķиҵףϲޱȡ
˽ۻôµЦϣϵرȡЦ
ЩˣֻҪǱ鵽һɵļһȫڲ֮ʧ١
ҹŸö֮زֵ¡
֪жжűǿӲϮɱ
ͺһֻ˵Ұޣ˭ҧ˭ǿ۷Ҳòá
Ĵ󲿷Ŷ˷ʵΪ˱ܹķâ
ΪжԵĸ߼嶼ķС
ٷҲҹȻϮķС
ǸҶԷǳ֣ԲҹȻƻأͬΪ෻С
֮䲢ûвݵ֮䣬
֮䣬ؾķУҲǾˮˮ

гϱ֮£ͬģгȻͻѡϱ֮¡
񲻽Ϊ˲ֱôˣԱٵʵ
Ϊʧ̫ˣǧӢŵĲƸֱһмһҹӵн߼ۺ̡
ͩҲͬӦ߲ص˷ݡ
ЩͩɢĴռ佻׾ʹÿռλ潻׸ӷ١
صԼҶûжãͩϢͱĶĿ˻ȥ
ʱϸĴ£ҹҲ˳ȥĴûǸйȥͩ顣
µʨΪ׵İŵš
ʨ⣬λֱͬǽʨʨۺʨʮ߲㾳磻ĵһХ죬ʮ˲㾳硢ڶ죬ʮ߲㾳磻ĵһᣬʮ˲㾳磻һŻʮ߲㾳磻һţܴʮ߲㾳硣
֧˲١
һ֮Уаƻ΢

巻֮һֲĻʨҾۼһ𿪻ᡣ
λһΰҹųϿЧȻʵϣǵʧ޷ڶʱֲ˵ǸڰеĻ쵰ʨҶһαʧҲǷǳջ
ȷʱ֤ݣ֤л޼ɵ¼ʱȷʵڳ򡭡ߣ˵ţֻʣ´èСèֻʧνء
Ƿֳֵ״ּΪɾѹʽɱܹɱ嶥ŵĸֻ֣еʮŲ㼶ĸˡ
ʮŲľ磬֮еİ֮Уֻоˣ֮⣬ǵϢǶ㹻ֵĲڳ֤ʨҵ˵
һЩأХһˬط
ˣľӢŶǱƵûص˷ݱܣʱ䣬ӴȲƷλ侲˵
֮ĵضԭҪ̸ͨơ
ȻʼĳҲȷʵҳֻ֣ǲô꣬һҲûС
ԣĲ˳תƵѲͨ档

ˣյϢǸѰҹھŴϮɱͩˣ治ǽҪ𣿡˵
ܹ°ҹһӵϮɱɷĸֳֻԳ֣˭κεʨһ˵ؾ޷ֵģԳ֣ǣ̧̫Сˡ
죬㻹浱Ǳûа㷴Ӧ𣿰ҹϮɱĻܹҵôһξѾ൱ˡᷴ
ѵ˵һСһﻹֵԳ𣿡ܴе
ǵĵ֮㹻ͨƣؾлõϵɱ˵ͷ͵
ˣͩǱðҹ鴦ȥհɡʨҰȻ˵
ͩԤϵһ㣬ûнʧ޴¼ϵһ
෻УһҲһ
ЩսŴԭʮˣٵʮˣͩڡ
֣ͩݡһ𣬻š
ͩɻˣһΪСɶˡ֣Ц˵
˵˲أ˵裬ҪǲϽݱܣп档ͩػش漴ʵǵʧ󰡡

ҸɣҲʧСˣˡʧʵҪ֪ǰս֮ϣԵз񣬼˶ѡνؾ̶ǧ겻ˣʧԲСˡ͵
٣˵Ǳ߹ս񼶾ʮңʧء֣һֻ˵
ڴʱл޼ɴλ˽˶򵥣ʮţĪԣڰ˵ɽ
ҼͬʱĿⶢл޼ɣһֱ
л޼֮л޼ɲſ˵λʦֵܣһټˣҪΪйغͨƵ⡣
Ʊ仯˷һɱ¾ᱦҲǸԵļƻܵ˳صĴǰһΪսΪΧɱԣΪӦӦԴ¡ɽվ˳ש˵
ʵ仰Ƿϻڳûһɵӣƻܹóѹֶ̫̫ݣƫƫ˼һռ˼ʧʮսţ׼˼ҷ

ʦԲ޵ֻǴҶ֪ͨޣηأĳһλѯʵ
ķ֮أȻͬ壬û⣬ڳÿ˶׹Ѷ⻰
Ѱеɱһеɱĳϲ٣ǵʵͱŪһֲ̫ѡͨƿɾͲһˣޣĸ̫ࡣ
Ҫõ˾Եʵ⣬ǿ
һж˭ģ
׹ʡʱ̼еɱ֣Ҫ֪еɱԺõ𶼲ʱ󣬻Եһͨأ
ؾ·ϣɱĺ²ϡ档
򵥣ҹƽۣȻٽƽָˡͬȾ֮£ɹڳСĪԿ˵
ò˵䷽ǱȽϹƽģܿõ˴ҵͬ
ǣҲ˶ͬΪһΪԼܺãһж˷Լ
ǣȺСš
л޼ɴͷβֻ˵һ仰һֱƽλϡ

ͩôμӣǲμӣ֣ݳһ֣ԼͩһȻ󿪿ʵ
㣬ǲμӣҾͲμӣǲμӣҲȥͩ͡Ȼ˵
⻰ȷʵǷԷθͩľͲںμ벻μӶ˵ࡣ
磬أ֣ݸͩһۣʵ
⵹һĥµĺûᣬǵòƣҲԲ롣϶ػش
벻֮˼ᶨĳȻˣҾʹŰɡͩ̾
ãȴ£ҵܴҲһݣ֣˷ܵؿ϶
Щ꣬ĴսʹôҶջΪ綼˵һ˽սϡ
֣ݵľҲҪﵽʮ߲㣬ʮ˲ľҲԶˡ
ͩĽ͸ǿֲˣȻ׷˰žͷ
ܹôЩؾսǲȱٵġ


330  Ⱥͻ
սϣɱвǵһЩȻЩԶһɱıҪľɾͺȥˡ
ؾ֮УΪһɱҶϧƴᡣ
һž֣ʮ֮Уľʮˡ
ãȵϢһǾͳڸλ͸Իȥ׼ɣ񣬵ʱв׹硣л޼ɴ۵
漴һ۵ʹչҶóĵ÷һЩϵ⡣
ڳˣľӢţ໥֮оʱȣڴһµģ໥֮ûгԹͻ۵ϻ൱ԾѺõġ
ͩμӹ۵ᣬǶǾֲġȵڣһһ۵
۵һ۾ʮʮҹÿ˶ջḻػȥչˡ
ڲϢòЩȥģȻרҵȥֻҪɡ
ͩһԼҶ֮Уµط
ġ޵䡷һʽǡȻǱķ룬طϾֻǵ幥Ե̫£طͲʵˡͩһֱҪµȺ幥ط

ڸ֮УԴطˣ඼ƫڵ幥Ϊ幥ط൱ԣֵͬʱط˷ѣ㹻ǿԴʱѶҲСöࡣ
幥طǿҪΪ㹻Сپѹ𵴡ٶȵȷʽõ
Ⱥ幥طҪɾ͸ˣȣ̫̫ûԴļֵһ˵Ⱥ幥طÿһ㹻ƽԼǿĵ幥ȣҲôﵽ߳ɵ˳ɵ
Ⱥ幥طĲԺ׼ȷҪҲǳߡ
ͷʱҲҪ⵽ĳ̶ȡ
档
Ⱥ幥ҲзּģϵĿ궼Ա֮ΪȺ幥
ǹĿ͹һٸһǧĿȺ幥ܹһ
Ⱥ幥ͷΧֲһ
Χ˼壬һΧڵĸԵĹȺ幥ЧȴûȺ幥ľȷԺͿɲԣһ˷ѡ
ȻΧҲԵȺ幥һֻ֡ϵȺ幥ҪϿˡ

ͩھҪһܹ񾳽Ⱥ幥ط
ΪʱЧʻۿۣĻ޷ԼϾԴط
ͩͨзͿռ䷨򣬾ѾߵԴ߼ĳ̶ȡطзһֿռ䷨£֮ûзɱĸʱһҲشʧȥս
ͩԭ뷨ǸݼչȺ幥ط
ٶû˿չֱһ۵֮󣬲ŻȻʡ
ǵĻԭѹһٷһǧֵѹһ֣Ȼ˲ͷţ͸ռ䣬Ӿ룬˲Ŀꡣ
ԭԭͺܲȺ幥ݡ
˵ͩľ绹޷ݡֻдﵽľ磬ſԽȺ뵥طںϣɷֿɺϣֺ֮ȫɱģ
ԣͩ˼·תͷµط
ͩרעУʱһ̷·ˡ
һμҵ֢֮ͩоȺ幥طٶȻ൱ģ̶꣬üĿˡ
ֻǺܲɵǣʱ˷Ӧ

Լͩڽӵ֮󣬱뾡ȥ
ͩҲٳɣϵֹоͲ̣ͳ˶ϵصȥ
е㳡ʮսżϵһ飬һϵ鱦ս
սڴϴ֮󣬱ɶȥٶڶ̶ʮϢ֮ھͼٵٵĳ̶ȣٶ֮£˲ϢʮﲻؾĻ˵⴬Ѿ˳ռ䣬гռС
ؾռʮȹ̣κηбﶼܵѹƣ˵пԽгռеAɴٶȻֱӱѹƾųɡ
Aɴ֮ϣ൱ͨ鱦Sɴֻеɴ鱦ս಻֮ͬ
Ĳͬеɴ޷ڣ鱦սȴͺһ鱦һ㡣
ֻ磬Sɴ鱦սͱȽټˡ
սཻͨ鱦ɱǼΪټҲǹ౦ķֻ֧ѶҪȹ౦ҪһЩҲһЩ

ϵ鱦ս۲֣̾
ôĽȥһⶫҲûеط򡣡ͩЦ˵󻷾֮£ǰѵһıܹ֮ĵط򵽡
˰ɣ̫ˣһɴˣҲȥؾһ·ɴҲһһӾá֣ҡҡͷ̾
ɴֻеЩؾأʧȥáΪɴ־ֻĳһϵͳλǱãϾͷˡ
սװ֮ϣл޼ټ˴ҿ˵λʦֵܣʱܹĿĵˡȻƫƧҲұ֤巢֣ͨƳʱ伫Ҫ±һս׼Ǻܻܿء
˵͵Ȼսе;УǿϮ
սǿķɴķٶȴǿдϡ
ͬʱԲǧڵĿռ䱻תĴ
󷨵ѹʮӢϣʹʮ˵ʵۿۡ
ͩҲоϤѹˣֻҪ֮ǰСһЩ
ʱİҹţӣʮʮŰΧ

㰡һȺ㣬ջǹḻġҹĵĴӶӳЦ
ɲǣǵڵˡһλӵĶӳ˵
ڳţûһ¶㺦µͷƽؿŰȺ
תĴ󣬵˫죬󷨵ѹСּ󷨣ҲڵóΪ˶ܹҵΣл޼м˵
ʵϣ󷨣൱ߣõúˣЧ¾¶ԷԼⷽ
Ǳл޼ɵĻɵ÷ЦͷˣӲǵȷɱǣܹɱһˣҲ׬ˡ
һĻǵƺ˲أӢֻʣ°ˡĿŵسҹŽ飬ʲôҲûв鵽ʧʼһصɱţǰĿתƵϡ
ҹģܹȼ꣬һҹʿǿȻҹǾŸӣʵԤҲоŸӣӻȡһӢŵҲֵõġ

ߣ쿪л޼óһöָּ䣬ӽָ֮˴
һöָװĽָҲһֶ鱦õһ
ûһӽָ֮ͬ˽ʮ
ܣôǣӳеǲӦڡ
ɶмˣʵ̫ƻˣȻ˶Ŀɳ²֮ơ
аҹţͬһƵ֯Ǿ¹ػ
İҹţרְɱ¾
¹ػ֯Ǹػ
Ϊȶԣͷչʱ壬ҪһЩϸԶ壬ۺʵҪһЩ¹ػ֯ڷء
תĴ֮ڣӱҪһЩѹҲʱתߡ
ֻ˶أѹӴ̯֮ʵϵѹҲǺܴˡ
ɶɱ׼л޼ɡ硢ֳͩʮǲɱǣҲҪشӳ
ģ˽Ѫתƴѹһ´
תĴԽѪֻǲߵȨ߾㡣

˲СӵԱѪ󷨵ѹַ˻ȥ
ͩȾӢŶ㷵ѹӣΪʮ̯ˣʣж٣
ֻǣͩûи˶ãϵѹͻȻٱǧ
Ϊ󣡡ͩɨһۣһУͩǳϤʿѪ֮µʶ
ҹʿķϮɱʼˡ
¹ػսʿǣͬһʱȼ꣬󷨣ͩһоӢΧм䣬֧һķع֣ڴͬˣҲΪƣǿеֵҹʿľһ
¹ػΪ۵ƣҹŵǿطһľˡ
طǿǿӣʩչ֮󣬾޷ƣֻҪ¹ػսʿԤ׼ȷԶЭķʽܹʶ
ȻصĴۣԼСˡ
ȻΪۣȴû˳ɣһһĸԸѪ֮γǽΪһṩı
һļٶ̫죬ٶҲ̫죬Ҳ¹ػսʿܹġ
˴ػֻ֣мٵ˱㱣ྫӢǣֹû𵽶á

ɶ壡
޳ܵ壡
壡

ľӢǿΪ˱ԼԸÿһ˵ﶼܡ
ΣѪᣬټǿҲеŭͷߺޡ
и嶯ľӢ޲ܳȥɱУǱΧ
λʦֵܣҪ嶯֪ǲܣ֮УһЩǵһξֳ棬Ѿ˲°ٴΣÿһҵ鶼һǳܡǣǲܳ嶯ȺΪǣ˾޴ԴǲҲҪмֵл޼ɸ˵
ϣλǽգǵһλΪǶʿǣȫǵ֮Ⱥս֮ϣɱĵˡԴΪŬУ֮УܹɾʣǸʱǵܹΪȺ׸Թ԰زֱӵİɱ֮¡
л޼ɵĻõ˴ҵͬͬʱҲ˴ҵк͹УԼľ޴ޡ


331  ֮ϣ
֮󣬾תĴһ·һ·ϣƺѾֶΣ˷ɱľӢˡ
ؾ֮УܹõֻаҹʿˣǶðҹŻ϶ǳ״ȥԤӴڣҲġ
һλʧˣͲö룬¹ػ֯϶ǸЩྫӢߵģĻǶеİҹʿҲ𲻵̫ã˷Ҫɱţɱûо¹ػ֯Ӳ
¹ȥˣڿԶ죬ɫ󣬿ƣϵɱΣڷǺϵɱʣ϶ͨƳˡ
ڴʱҵ䣬յȺ鱨ŷ鱨
֮ͩŹ֣ԭڲ֮ǰʮͨƼͬʱͬص͵ͼ˹
ˡ
λ鱨ҶյˣҪ˳ѰԵлĳԲл޼ɵǼΪ˵

һʱ֮䣬Ҷۿ
ͩΣȻʵ
ͩһ£룬ôʲô˼
ҵ뷨ţʼգһǾȥͩ뷨ȴǲػش
ãʼգһƱ꣬ǾټԼɣ֣ݽӿڵһ׳־
֣Ȱ㻹ǲҪƵΪܹƽ򣬲ܹϵɱȫسͩ˵
⻰˵Ǹ֣ģʵͩȰ˵ġ
ľڲŵʮ߲۷壬־ȥƣѶȣˣ֮󣬱ȻҪԾžͷĸ֣л޼ɲΪĸ־ԲŹ
粢ɵͩ⻰֮Ҳ˹Ҳܹ֮ĸ֣Ҳôﵽʮ˲ľСһЩûʸȥ
ͩǸһƱкδ㣿ʵ
ңһȥ鷳ͩûʵش
ãһݣ֣˷ܵؽе
ҲȥҲʾ롣

սĿĵأܵǾ޴ѹʱѾúڴ˵Ļͻ˶ŵ
ʨңл޼ɸ֮аķŭ֮飬˭ܵó
л޼ɣ벻㻹ˡʨһȻػش
ʨңôһ˶ڵôֻèСèֻ߰ˣɽվ˳ȡЦ
⻰ڳྫӢǵĺЦǻ˵Ҳһ¶Цݡ
⻰ȷʵܸʨҲò¶ŭɫ
ڵʵְɡʨ˵Э
ãֿԣη䣿ʵ
ߣǵĶԻʮؿʨҡ
ǣһǿƵʨӣԭҲЭǳʶˡл޼ɺŹʨҵĻᡣ
һֱʨΪ϶ֵ֣൱ǿƣν棬л޼ɶûռ̫ıˡ
ôȷʵǵһμЭ
ϲǣȻǵһõʨЭһοɴ氡л޼ɺ˼ɵضԻ˺ϲ

֮аһˣż壬ӵս񼶵ʮ˲ľ磬ڰ֮УҲСĸ֡
л޼ɵĹأûشʨҵԸܹЭѾǷǳˣҪٴ̼Ļ˿ҲԲŭΪ棬Ҳʱ
࣬ĶУ뿪ʨǱˣҵòҲõ뷨
٣ʮλ֣ܹƵ϶ģֻǱİˣǸţʱµġ
ؼʱ̣֮䣬Ѻ֮Ҳھ޴ľߣǿ嶼ΪսһֱŽ֮£䵱֡ΪҲƣȡϵɱ
Ǻ飬Ҳã۷ȺҲգû
־Ȿཻ֮ơ
ʱ򣬸۷ȺܹõĴֻиӹĸˡ
Ǹӹ֮ԳΪ۷ĸӹΪǵʵ̫𣿼ʹǵӹĸ֣ҲֻܵڻãЧ̫ҪȻл޼Ҳۼ౾ľӢһжˡ

ãҴӦҲ̰ܹѾ㹻ˣ
ܺã֣ʨһδ䣬һˡ
л޼ͷʨҵͻϮˣһʱֽʨλǿߡ
Ϊභ˲֪϶֣˫˿⡣
λҲˣµĸӹҲˡ
ʨл޼ɣһɣҲִսˡʨλͬǵʮŲ㾳ľͷл޼ɣɲԸɵͷ֣ǾԿ
뻷֣ռ˾޴ƣһࡣ
ڲϾͲһЩķ֮սʮ㾳磬ߵĺ󣬵ʮ߲㾳ϵаˣʨңˡҲ֡
ĸ֣ڼǧǰǰʮĸȫǵʮ߲㾳ϡЩ꾭ؾԼɱİ֮£ʮ߲㾳ĸֶˣаͩ
ԣڵʮ߲㾳ϵĸ棬٣ܹʮ߲㾳ϵĸڳһ˶ѡ

ǣٶԱȵʮ߲㾳µʱͻ֣ᷢҪǿöࡣ
ؾһǽ󣬱˵֣ݾͿԽһ뼶žȲ֣ݵĽҲ̫١
ԣڵʮ㾳ϵĸгʮ֮࣬ʣµĲǵʮ㾳š
۶Է࣬Ǵﵽսʮ㾳ֻ˶ѡ
ײطֳݶӡ
߿Уʮʮ߲ϵĸ֣սԷʮʮ߲ϵĸ֡
Ϊĸ߶սʧǿסĸ߶սʹû´ߵѹ̫󣬴÷ǳ˳˳ˮ
ʮʮ壬ȥռƣʵҲȷʵˡڵʮŲ͵ʮ˲㾳ĸϣӪԳƽġ
˵ߵĵʮ˲㾳ǿ߱Ҫ࣬ʵϣʮ˲㾳ĸֻ˶ѡ
ԷӪˣˣˡ
˵ǣ˵һֻǳ磬սϱȲϰ־þӴ˾ĸ֡
ԣһλͬǵʮ߲۷ѹλ˵ʮ˲֡
߾˱סˡ
ʤڵʮ߲㾳缶ĶԾԷʮˣֻӦս

ͩΪĵڶжҪǿڳл޼ɡ
Ϊл޼ɴڵʮŲ磬ѾûжˣԪҲ쵽ˣһȻͻƳ
ͩһͩޱȵᣬĽٶ̫ˣͩȻͿʮ߲㾳磨ãǻ֪ͩѾ׷˰žͷľ磬ڻҪһЩԲǣٸһЩʱ䣬ԾһƮѪ
а壬һ壬츳Ҳ֮ǿģΪʲôһ˥أа˲ˣΪűƮѪɱˣ
һŲл޼ɣƮѪǸʱƮѪߵһ·ѪȣʤĻĸ֡
аΪһűɱû䣬һֱаĵһֻŵʮľѣ嶼ȲϣǺεȵıߣεȵң
Ϊˣͩ𣬾ΪɵµƮѪľ֡

ĳ˵߲ľ൱ǵģµľûдͩĳֻŵʧǳ޴
ͩƮѪͬǣƮѪֵ̫һЩɱǸľһʱ֮ڣҹ䣬ֱƮѪչ֮Ÿҳ͸
ͩƮѪսϻۣ㱳ĴȴǱƮѪΪҪ
ƮѪֵĿ궼ǵʮ߲㾳ϣεҲս񼶵ĸ֡Ǿ춯أ
ͩݣ
ͩǰŴӵʮ߲¿ʼɱɱ˵ʮ㣬ɱʮ㣻ɱ˵ʮ㣬ɱʮĲ㣬ɱ˵ʮĲ㣬ʼɱʮķս񼶵С֡
ͩΪͻȻˡ
˵ͩɱȥֱʮϾĽܳŶɱ⡣
ͲһģҪʮϣ
ֶαƮѪҪ񶾣ƮѪɱа徫ӢžûɱŶܲҲ󶯶ٸɸ֮꣬У˵ûڱֽкء

ֶͩοɾˣϲķˡ
ҪؾĴҲˡ
ƮѪֵôףҲܹƻأָ档ֶͩΣҲᷢġ
ͩݵһǣһѣֶҲ˭Ǻεȵı
ؾ֮УƾֶͩΣƾҪ֣ǲܵġ
ΪˣͩŸô֣ԾԼ֮£ս񼶵ġСһҲŹƻصġֱ޷죬޼ɵ
һ룬֮䰵ôãҲ˫ĸϮɱռʥ򼶡ͨ񼶵ţ
ҪĴţѵ𣿲ⲻѣ
Ҳһ
˫зִ磬̫ݣս
ҲսΪ۷ķչ˥
ٶԱͩΪս


332  ֮£
ɳλΧͩһλڶţóٶԶ̹졣һλóܴ
ڱҪ֮ʱֳܹһλͬͩʩΧɱ
˫Ӫü֡
ܴ콫ͩΧסʱӪߣÿһ˶иԶ֣Էİæ
Ҳε飬ΪϣӪ·ǿ϶ġ
ͩڡֳܴ޴ߴɣͩǰĹȫڵסˡ
ǿƵӭ¡
ͩĬط˶ѥһݳʮ֮⡣
£ӡһߵľ޴ӡһе
ͩһӣһֲ
ǹ£ڴʱԶ쿴׼ᣬͻȻϮ
ʱͩŸոȶΣһεȻѾߣͩҪҲˡ
ȻԷʱüΪ׼ȷԷս鼫Ϊḻ
һƾˣŽͩһơ

ͩɲӲӣʱ֧޻ͼ
˰˲ͼľˡ
쿴һĻһôܣԼȫһžԵţ²һɱˣҲƵԷķǰ
Ҫ֪еսһеɱ
ͩϵװĶȽϡᡱˡ
ͩޱɻҲͩ뻻
ͨɱȷʵеɱ˲ֹһӦģеɱҲҪͨɱա
ͩϵһװѾ˼ǧ꣬ƾͩڵΪ磬Ѿܹ˳ҵ˵ͩ޻սףһƷͨɱ˳Ѿ൱ѵõˡ
һеɱս׵ĻͩҪҪϺܳһʱ䣬м仹òս׵Ʒ
ʱ䣬ͩ»Ӳٷ֮ʮ˷ͩʱ;
ңͨɱİ˳еɱӦҪǿϼְɣϾϤıʵķҪɬıø

쿴ԼȫһȻֻ˶Էʮ֮һΧƵǣܿлָ˹ֱ˷ѡ
ôܣеܴˡ
ܴûйЩӴͻȻֲٶһӽͩǰһ򼼡
̸ͩоֲ˷ӿöá
ͩҪѣҲҪѸһϢϢʱҡ
ܴȴͩʱ䡣
Уɽܴ¶ȵı飬ȵɣ΢ͩ
˶ƣ͵屶·һ㳯ͩԴ¡
޻ͼϡ
ʵ幥޻ͼķ־ԶԶʱı֡
һʮ޻ͼ֮󣬲ֹͣһĿֲơ
ܴһȻĹЧҲƳʮ㲻ķͼֲĹڵõȫĻ⡣
ͩڴʱһ˰ɾ룬ſɳɳĮһ罫սΧзǵһܵ˲СӰ졣
ģ
򣡡
ͩסҪӲƴʱ䡣֣ݵ

ʱ߶ףĴǿΧɱͩжд̡ǾİæҲ޷ֳæ
ɶ񣡡ܴŭԼʮþȵһȻסˣ˵ͩ˶û˵Ƥëβŭ
죬þаɣܴͩķʵ̫ǿѹһܹھŴӵΧɱȷʵ
ء
ͻȻ䣬պһһͷǶ³Х
ͩʶͻȻֵĻ档
Ѫͳ֮ӵе츳ͨХ£
Ѿǵ񽣻塰Хɽ֡һˡǸӳߣӿµ깥
ڴʱһǺ
ԭڶԵŵХҲʱʹͬ츳ͨ
ֻǵ츳ͨǳͩġ
һ̣ܴҲֱӣٴ츳ͨ񱩣
츳ͨڻ֮ϱ
ͩڵˣɽͬһУȴ֮ǰǿϡ

ãл޼ҪæʱʨҵĹͻȻǿл޼ɡ
Ҫˣ룡ʨҲó˿ұ£ʨʮ˻
ܹæģָԮ
һ֮£ɳɢͩʴ״̬
һ֮£ŷͼһͩսϣͩУ˵ϡ
¡һ죬ͩ¡
ͩȻˡ
ͩһƻеʱ˲˹
깥𣿡ͩһ깥
깥˺ûκͩô깥˹֮⣬ȻܹӰʶͩΪ裬Ҳ깥Ŀ¡
ɶ񣬲﷭˴ͩСԼĶ֣ܹΪĴ֮һȻСХľԼ
ͩЩ̫˳һЩôһ㽾ˣһһǴͩ
Իʤǿʲô£ʱʱǫ磬Сκһֺ֣

ͩȡһĽ˵ҩȥ˷·һӡ
һͩ˳һɣȫԸԼĶ֡
ܴΣɵһ֮ɫ
ôܣܴˣԼһˣһ֮µͬҲһˣͩôܻһػ
ŸǽܲХºûаͩôͩɫ˲԰һ㣬ƺϢܴ󰡡
ߣһɱ㣬УвʮСٱǧУܴͩ˹ȥ죬Ǽ
ͩһţɳͻȻûڻɳ֮УӰ
ѾɹؽŭǵƽϢŭɣͩԾӸµĿ˵ţƮ첻¶μ
ܴ˱վһʱǿɲѺ󱳱¶ͩĿȻ֮󣬶ŭӿḻǣɲΪŭʧȥǡ
޽ޱȵؿһ֧һ޴ʵķ֣ɱս׵ı

Ȼ䣬һϵͻȻ
ʸǣ
ʾһ͸˲ռ䡣
ꡪʵֱһСס
ֲΣ٣ͻȻҪ㣬ͷûüʩУ͸оԴһʹҪڣȴںʲôҲûзţǰһƬڰ޵ʶҲ·׹˺ڰԨȥ
ܴҲʲôתһƣַסһ˫ʧȥ˽۾ԼüеԲףɵһɺӽŵֱԺ
ʸǣ
·Եĺɥ
ܴƴһʵķ֣ҼֻƸ߾٣סԼ
ףսٺãҲܻסȫҪ
ͺһüģûɱ
ꡪܴƴۡƴ߶ս׵ķȻûеסͩµ
ʸǣǱȶʸҪǿĿ¹
ֲĴ͸ƷͲǷӲȫɱս׵Χֵܵġ

ңͩҲɵѹɱ屣סĵطͣͩɣĹǿֽ׶Ҳܴ͸ɱ塣
ܴĶ˵ֻһ㣬ʮֺʵҲȲ޻ս׵һٲأԸͩ㹻ӦĻʱ䡣
ܴҲǳǳ˫ϴצףȻױûʲôƾɱĲʣܹݻҲǼΪ׵顣
ͩҲ
ܴͻȻоһۣʶתͷҪ棬ȴʲôҲûпΧȫĻɳʶ̽ܵ˼ѹƺơ
ⲻܣܴҲ漴ˣΪϵӰдֱ£ʶڰ֮ǰظܵͩĿʵֲĹͩôͷųģ
ǵطʮǿˣ˵طѹĴ֮ͷš
⻹ͩԵʮ߲㾳ͷŵĹ֮µļǣΪ׷ɱŲòѹĴΡ
ʬһǰһصڵأҳһǳԲοӣʬԴϵ˿ڣڲ֮ͣȥޱȡ

ͩĻɳڵܴʬ嵹ڵϣһĿȻϸղͩͷŵǿ󹥻ԡ
Զ׼ϵѾʬ塣
⣬ⲻܣһڸֶţͬŭϵĹȸǿһ
˵־壬ϵĹ½˼֡رǰʱһԤ顣
̫ͩˣͬһжȻɱ֡
ɲͨĶ֣۷ľӢŰ
ͩ˵ɱɱһɱɡ
ǵʮ˲㾳ǿߣ̫ģ֮µĻ˵Ͳһˡ
ǿǸоͩĿ£Ϊܹͩɱʮ߲㾳ţܹͬɱǡ
ĸǷˣͬ飬ʮ߲ĸ֣ս񼶵ĸ־Ȼֻʣˡ
ľӢȻԼĶֹȥҲӴֵַʽ͹
˵ģǿˣ³ͩһӵһ˲䣬һӹսţüĴ׶䡣
ͩһӳ嵶ʮ㾳帽ӹľӢųΪȥʽ
ɷޱߵɱͩȻԣ˵ˡڵˣط˹
һϵŶˡ
ˣһˣӪô⡣ʮͷֱԶʮͬ塣


333  ֮
Ա˸ӣĳЩʱͺģԾ޴ʱЭغΣյʱֶںϱȻ˭Լȥ
񣡡ĵʮ߲ϵĸ֮УϣȻռƣͩǿƵػɱܴ
岻òֳһǰܷͩͩǿɱʮ߲µ֡
ȻֳܷȥͩΪͩʵ̫ˣǿɲɵΪ嶥ס
ƽʨһĵţʨ˺ʨһִĪԣֳԸͩ
ĪԵѹͩС٣ҿľҲʮ߲۷壬еȷɱζķʽż
ʨ뿪ȥͩѹʱһᣬüʼӲʨλƽʨһĵڶš
ģͩڳеֶͩΪкã
ͩţ˻˵ˣʵ̫Ưˡڻ˵Ѿֳˡ

ʨƽʨһ壬Ĵ֮һƽʨǷǳ壬ٶȡǻۣ޿ޡ
һٶȿһȼ磬ϿаһԱȣǻۿһ࿹⡣
ȣƽʨһϱǿ߱ⷽ棬Ĵ֮УƽʨһڵڶֻаһЩ
ʹˣǰƷǳ޴
һֱ࣬ΪձΪ徹ȻܹλоŴ۷֮һֱǵĳ衣
ϣȷʵǾŴ۷֮УС塣۷ҲòǱϿλоŴ۷ǰССǱʮ㣬֮иȺʶ
⣬۷嶼Сκһ࣬˵ԵһԭһСͻᱬΪһǿߡ
ȺҲǴСһԾ۷֮ģȿֲǱҲȺ֮еʱ
ÿһδ͵Ĵѡʽڴڼ䣬ÿһ೬½սܳš˲Ƶʣ۷Ȳ˵ġ
ĴѡÿһΣ
۷ҲǼʮ굽һΣеԪƾãʱ͸

ԣսǱ൱ǿģڸ֮ǰС
ŵĴ޷˽ǣŽдĻʧ
ۺʵҪһЩֱ۵ľֻλԪ֮λ֮࣡
Ҳˣһֱ̣¹ػ֯µĲɲôʹðҹ
ͩԼ¶֣ڸоһ˿ѹţ֮ǰλҪһ˿ѹ
ѱȭʨĹǳֲɱͱܴľлҪǿ
һڱʽԵڵϸṹɱĽṹƻǲ赲ġ
ңȭ̫ˣκҲһЩĺ֢
ȭǻƽʨһǿ֮һⲻͩһ㸨޵ġǸֲڸ֮ڵĿԽȭ

ͩΪǸ󷨣һĳ̶ȣͱѰԼĵ·
ͩڵķԼֲеͨ󷨣˵һ׷ת֮ķţ׵ġͩļطĳ˵ҲǻŴɣȴûиֲķ֮УֻʺͩԼ
ͩˣԼġ޵䡷ֲķ֮еĻǸʱҲǳ棬֤޵ʱʵҲһ֤š
Ȼ˵Щ̫ңԶһЩ
ʨһȭʹͩʮͼƻͩòһЩ
ӲĹǣٳһȭʨһ˵ʱܵͩķʵ̫ǿһЩ
ͩϵɱףҲ˼֮
ͩһ˿˰ɣɳſ˵ʵֵҶģֻ֪˭
֮ǰʨ̽ŽʮغϣͩһЩλֵļʵٶϣʨ컹Ҫһ
ͩҲûаһУҲ˵ʨܿǶܹܡ
ţ׼ȷ˵ǵʮ߲㾳ļǡ

ԸһССʨҪ¶ͩصʵȻͩĳԡ
ͩƾɱѣʨһɱɳ࿹⣬һٶȺͷǿг档ͬʱʨעͩط
ܹһɱܴĿֲɱУʨҲòʮֵСġ
ʨҲţǿɱУֻҪԼǴҪƾķͲ֮Σ
õķǽʨȻͩӵɱȴҲһǰĳͩȥ
ͩһɳ֮
ʨ벻ͩȻܹɱ֮еͨط
Ҫ֪ɱͼΪ󣬶Ҫ֮еͨطѶȸǾ޴һ㶼ֻпܲ
ʨһ˲䣬һһˡ
λţҲǼΪĸ֣ʨסˣҲ鲻ҪԮ
ԵǣɲӦ
ͬҲʱ˭óʮֵƴԼĶ֣ٲǲԮ

ʨҴһͩңһͩ˹ȥ
ӹȭʨҺԼľС
л޼Ҳóȫʱʨҵй
ʨӣҲĶ֣ôˣʵ̫ò˰ɡл޼ɵ˵
л޼ɣңʨŭһӱңӿ񱩡
֮ǰл޼ɿɲɵӲƴڹϣл޼ҲʾʨӲӲ
ߴⲻڷʤƴˡ
ȺĸҲƴԼֻ֣жǻ˵ֲһЩ
ʱǵѹҲ
ͬҪԮʨⲻֵ⣬й⡣
ͩɱʨͿ˳һճ֮ͩǰѾչʾֲƻɱ
ҲҪƴɱϾڸϣǿɲƴԮʨ
ǵĶֲһͩΪǴ򿪾棬ͬ壬ڸϣǸԸƴԼĶ֣ȥæٲԼĶȥԮ
ֹۣǾԲȱٵġ

Һ°㿴ҸҲңͩ˵
ʸǣ
ͩҲ֪ĸָƤǿͨʮ߲㾳ļǣĺһɱǡ
ʮ߲㾳ļǣܹͩıѹѹмԲھȴҪ¶̫ࡣ
Ͼĺչн֮вʲôܣֻǺ˰ʱ˷ѡ
һ͸ʨ㣬ֱӻüġ
ʸüҪһҲҪС
üм䣡
ܴмͬ䣡
ʨüмһģ䣡
ʨҷŭʨǰɾ޴Ӱ졣
ʨ۱ߵؽеʨཻ꣬ͬ㣬ڳ֮Уѹ
ɶ񣡡
ͩģҪʬϣХͬߵغһĻ֮ǰ׵ܵ䡣
ͩ
ڳеָŭ˷йеķߺ޺ʧ䡣

ţͩһӺ˵飬Ŀһתɳ֮
һαǻ
ͻȻסʱһ
ĶʮãɲŹûᡣ
һͨеĴһӣƿ˻Χն˻Դ
ͩĶ죡
һ˹ƿ˻֣ͩһüģǿҵĴ͸˻Դһס
ڴͬʱõһҲնλľ޴ͷ𣬾ӴѪ״֮ǰļλҡ

⣬ô
ɶѪծѪ
ʣļλӿһ֮С
ʨ״Ƽȥ˭Ҳû뵽ͩȻɱͨطһг֡
һ֣ǿµĹطͬĸǰǲսʤġ
֪Ӧ÷ֳһλʮ˲㾳ĸȥԸԼԶˡ
ֳ£ʨҲ׾һҲûãΪǰеĸֶأлᡰԴСġ
ԣڳǱģ˵Ļһʮ߲㾳ĸҲ
ͩطֻܽ»֮µʿԾ֮ϵʿһеþͲ̫ˡ

ʨҵĻɫת䡣
ǳˣô죿ǿɲֵĶְѾҲ̫صˣղͩɱʱҲûгˡ
һˣǰǶ
ֵǣʨӵĻˣˣϵĽӿڵһ֣˵׷Ӧ
ǣ˵÷ǳѸ٣ΪǵĶֲûء
һֻ᲻ԴĬ
㲻ʣҲ塣
Ȼ˵˵ǽһѸټʹ찡
Ҳʨҽ˵ģֻóˡ
ڳֵ֣رǵʮ߲㾳ϵĶڣӦ죬ѸٵذŸΧ
ʮ߲㾳µ˦˰ӿʼǿƷһȺӹŸ֣ʱɾˡ
ȻھҲս񼶵ĸ֣Ⱥţ۴ĸ涼Ҫһ
ʨҵۿŰȻ˵İ˵Ѹ٣ߺǳĬһط׷ѸٵذǸΧûףƫƫֲ÷


334  
ʮʮ߲㾳ϵĸ֣Χסʣµš
ϷռȷʵǴȫʤţ£ȫµĻս񼶱ϵžһҲʣˡ
һ۷˵һս񼶱ĳŶò棬ɾĶˡ
ɱģڳĿֱָʣλ֮Уʵʨۡ
ãλʮ˾ϵûв⣬˾˶Ӧ
λûвΧɱҲȫ赲λ֡
˵ԮҪԮʨң˿̱л޼ɷ͹Ƶ޷ģҪԮҲ
Ȼ˵ϱǿö࣬Ͽһж࣬վۡοͨĵرֲ˵һؾⱦвٳġ
֮⣬սҪﳤ̵ܶġ˵óģԲܺͱƴٶȣ취ƴ
ӲҪ˵θߵĺôܾǷۺˡƽʨһ壬ۺȾԱǿҪ߼
־սǿ˵ǳ

ɳ֮ͩһ֣ûֱѡ˽ֵĶ
ϲ֣֮
һͨ

λʮ߲㾳Ķ֣ʾó˿ұ£ΧһλͬʿһҲ᲻˼
ͻȻ䣬ӱסʨڴһɿֲѹѹȻֱӳɳĽط
ãҿ쳷쵰ҪԱˣͩһӦҲǵһˣһʱѵ
ɳֵֻ֮ܽж޷ڷкͶֵ˼롣ֵķҲ޷𡣱Ͼ򷶳ĽʱǿռָȫĽ
ԣ־ǱˣǿͨԱȼطѿ
ټϣͩʩӵĽǿҲֻܽʮ߲㾳ĸ֣ٸߵĻԷѡ
ʨ۵ѡ񲢲棬˵ǵѡ
ΪʨԾλֵͬΧɱлܹͩʩչͨطı̬Ҳһ֮ǰ汳ġ

óͩĺУһʱˡ
ֻǣλԶһЩҲڼٺˡ
һͬԱ൱µ飬Աĸ൱
˭Ҳұ֤ԼΣ֮⣬ǵѡ
ǣʨɳ֮󣬲ûͩ˵鷳Ǳֱسл޼ɣһƣƺҪסл޼ɡ
л޼ɷ֮󣬵һʱ˿ɲ뱻һȼĵʮ߲㾳ĸֱס֮Ա
ʹ״ҲǼΪΣյġ
л޼ʱȻǰȫһﻹ˵ʨҡ
ߣ
ʨڳ֮󣬶Х֣ӳɫâ
ɱλ֮תȥ
ХķӦҲڶֱ֮ǶҲʨҵĽŲԶݶȥ
ʨʱԵزסл޼ɣΪʨ˵Ӷṩڻ
ǳɣܹʨҵܵģֻл޼ɡ
˶޷Чء

ʨܵ÷ǳɴ࣬һҲˮһݻҲû£Ǳݡ
ʨ¶˽ѵЦݣڴЦ࣬Ǿ͵ıɣ
ߣˣ죬綼Ҫģ˻ҪҴˣȻҰģ
䲻𣬾ͲҪ죬ǡ
٣үҵţ巭ȥҲЩ޳ܱӵˣҴүˡ
ֺʾط
ʱ򣬴Ҷʨһξ룬ʱԲȡӦԴʩʨ汳ġ
ʨҲǷǳվԭأһΪ˾ȳʨҵˣѾʧ˵汳ʱʱ򣬼ʹԱҲû̫á
һǵġʨȫͻȻ棬վڰУһУΪޣҲģİ
һ紵ϨʨۻΪҽɢ
һԹ۵ĻˣǼֽҲûʲôˡȻģҲ޷ı䣬ʤ̭ǿʳĹء
ҵȸǣһк뿪ˡ

ʨˣµĸӹľӢſɾûôˡ
л޼һ֮һ֮£Сආ
ãս󣬰˸嶥֣ȻӣͩʦܵĹͼ⣬ӦõսƷ֮⣬ôԭ֮ټɡл޼ɸ˵˵
޳ɡ
޳ɣ
ͬ⣡
û
ԣ

Ŷ̬ûһԡĿ֮£ͩıĿãûκο޵ĵط
һˣǲ֪Ҫ۵̶ֳȰĳλſȡЦ
ǰ벻۷壬ս񼶵ĸ־Ȼֻʣ´èСèֻٺٺ١ɵԷţҪඡ֣ݻЦŽӿڡ
ˣȻ˻˺ⲢǾһصñˡڿʼһ񡣡侲˵
λԽŷɢԲԤȹõ󷨻
ˣ󲿷Ҳ
ȻһЩԸѡˬļһǣڲͣš

Ǳ߽ʣİλţӡڲ𶯸ޱȾ޴ʧ̫ˣԭ͵ʵ΢Ҫ֪žؾرյʱԽԽҲԽ࣬ԽԽ
رͨƵĳðȻ
ʮսţֻʣˣȥͨƣ
ܲܰѰҹŸȥưɣ
ƻصģһᣬǸ֮ҹֽ֯ݣ
ҹּù֯һĿŵ٣ѾƻˣֻǴҿʧ޴ķϣûжƽϣá
ǣҰѰҹŵǾƻˣһδҿ㣬εصôߣԻ۷Ĳͬ͸档
ĸ壬䱳һưҹ֯ǼùģѴҼùĶƵñ¶ô϶ΪĶ
ڤͳҲ⡣
ҪǣⲻǾרΪƨƨıķ

廹λǿţ˹ʲôȻʨһаٵľͷǿߡ
ĸ۷ûеʮŲ㼶ľͷ
ʵû۷徺ֻܹ͵һ˾ˡ
屻ɱôܣϢͨ˵˴˳ȥԽԽԶ漰ķΧ󣬺ܿĻȺ֪Ϣ
һΪǿʵ̾һҲֻ
һЩˣڰдƸ㡣
壬ڴһʵܹһλŸ֡
һӰ죬ǾһսʵȺʱ򣬲ò˼ء
Ϊ˭Ϊڶ塣
ֻʣ´èСèֻһӳΪȺЦټЩԵоҲ˲֪壬ȻЩһҲһܹκεӴǣɲڰڮٺȡЦΪһʺɫա
йϢ֮Դ֮죬Щ尵Ҳһġ

Ĵѩϼ˪һޱųʢ֮⣬һؾѰ֮ãɾͻǰˡ
Ϊջûʧʮţţʧ
ĸ߲õϢ֮󣬸Ǳ³ƫƫû
Ϊʲô
Ϊ干ԼǩԤʾƽĻ
޷ΥԼҲΥֱ˻Ҫء
ˣ˷ǧ¡ȻΥԼԺȻԵʱˣܵ۷Ʋúʣпܱų⡣
㲻عأԺû˻ˣԸԸİɡ
һȫûʦ
ɱ֮ԭǿΪʤΪ
Ȼһ˵ͷβҪߵڰҲ
ǹˣ
飬ݺݵز飡˭ɵôλţоɳǿĸ֣ͩбͻ𣡴ӲٻȥˣȥһƮѪĳλŭ

ͳһؾжľ߲ʮЩˣÿ˶һֹһ£ͷŵһ۲ö
ŭһλܲɣŹһ
ˣ˶֪ؾ룬Ҫ˼ͩ⿿֣Ѱ쵽ֻеȵ֮˵Ҫ׷˭һڰʩȴɱƻλǿ˵
ƺΪһλλȨصĹϵҲ侲˺öࡣԭλһԲ
ô飿ǲô꣬һҲûУ֮ʵ̫ɾˣ֤ݺҲֵûɵĶǲ٣Ҫӻɵ֮һһųѶȿɲǼ򵥾ɵġһλʦƵʵ
Ҫ϶漰Ӫˣ壬СѺ۷壬塣
ĸռϵķ֮һô飿
̰ɣһҲ̣Լ˻Ѻ֮⣬˭ܹô׼ȷŵλã
Ҳֻ֣۷壬˽վӡⲻˡ
ɶһıһͼսıһλ½۵


335  
ҪҲ֣Ҳûа취ֻҪܹ붯ۣʩչʱתЩšΪˣȻܹǣ˭֡ڵ
ð취Ҫȥ붯һλ۳֣Ұһֿ׳յĿ⿴ʵ
ҲһЦؿû˴
ۼǿߣѾվۣ֮ǰһǳѼԪˡǿߣʱձ仯ɲٿʱաǿһ֮䣬ʱתֳĳһռȥκ顣
ʱת
ǳĴͨ
۽ʱתĳԴͨԽţȥڵĳ壬ʱĳ֮Уڵʱաһͨ˻
ת
ʱתһЩֻĵķ޴תʱԽľԽ
תĻǾΥתĹɣܵǿҷɡ
һͨܵԪƣֻܽһԪδ֮ʹˣҲἴ
һơ
оǸ飬ǱҲ˵ս񼶵ţ֮󣬻ϾͷˣûоĻԵѽֺ
⣬Խǿ䷴֮Խǿ

ʲôݣǵĿԲתȼëƤС¡
Ϊﵽۼƣգ꣬һЩСҪۣҲֵ̫Ǯˡ
Ϊ˻ȺʵΪԪޣͨʱ
ţǼֱ˷ѡ
žǷûĸȺԸ⻨Ѿ޴ȥǡĳλ۵ֱϵܡ
ˣΪҪۣǿҲᵹùġվȻԵ
ˣֻӿֳһҪΪ¾棬˭
ռһأȴͣƳ
ڼЩֻǶ˻߼ˣѾռˣҲʶȤطȥˡ
Ͼڵʵʵ̫ǿˣ֪Уﻹȥʯͷ
꣬ƲŰȻ
Ҳڵõơ
ʱ򣬷Ǳزˣ⴦̣غ꣬ÿ˶й͵ġ

ˣԼǹڴУڴҿԹƽۣýչ͸ߵƽûĵ֮ˡл޼ɿ˵ȻʵǿģҲҹȻΥŵ
λ۰ɣ
һټͨɱһеȹɱ㣬ĶһмɣƵĵ׼۾ͶΪһеɱûɣл޼ɿ˵
Ȼһ۸񲢲ʮ׼ȷֻһִŵļֵ㡣ͬ࣬ͬЧɱ¼Ķһֻ᲻ͬ˵һͨɱž൱ͨɱļֵһͨɱʮʮͨɱϡ٣ֵҲڸϡѰһͨԴɱ=һеȹɱļֵû˻óһһͨɱǼֵǾ޴ûԸóһΪļֵ޷㣬Ǳ
һٶʮͨɱ˳۵
һʮ
٣

ûĸ˽геɱеɱΪѵãڳԣˣƼˣԲóеɱס
ƺܿټͨɱļۡ

ʱ򣬻ڳ۵ľֻеʮ߲㾳ϵλ
ͩмҲνмۣǵеİپʮʱͩûٲˡ
⵹̰ͩ࣬Ǵĺˣʵһֱûо֮ģΪƣѾˡ
Ȼޱ㡣ͩﰵ̾һ
ֻһͨƶѣܹ쭵ôߵļǮ
Ҫ֪µõƣ֮ҲһܹȡһϵɱֻǸһƮĻᣬֻһ볡ȯˡ
֣ݺͩĹϵãǧսѹϵͩ߿˵ǿţ۸ԽԽãٺٺ١ûǸǮȥۣԣԽߣֵĺôԽࡣ
ʱһ𣬰ͩ綼С
𣿲һҲšϵɱɱƷ֮Уڵȼıּı磬ҪѰĻԵп֪ܵһϢҪſܵõԲעٲıλҲӵеġȺ֮УԲ࣬һļ۸ǿֻؾһ˿Ŀܵõͩ̾ش
һ˿ܣҲֵüټõͨɱ粹

ɱÿһÿ˶ֻӵһǼټͨɱǰ㶼ֻܿá
ǽΪһԴȥԼõԴ
ǽ绻һԵõϵɱĻᣬʵǷǳġ
ͺͩеɱҲǱͬɱһֻһɱԷ֮²ó
ͩĻʣԼѾһƣĺ£ҲԸ㾡ȥ
ͩҲˣſռ佻ƽ̨ӵеҾԱڳ˼
ͩȴͬȱϵɱϵı
е䱸˵ͨɱǿ߲ӵеıܹһͨ鱦Ѿ൱ǿˡ
еɱֻʵǿһǿ߲ӵıвҲʹеɱ
ϵɱǿǼԪ֮Ҳ˵ܹȫװɱвټԪ֮ϵɱ
ɱǾ͸ö˵ˣ֮һȺܹһɱѾǷǳ˲ˡ
ɱǴ˵һײӴˡ

ͩ۷ĳǣȻ۽翪ʶ㣬ҲͽӴӴϵɱϢѡ
ɱɱıȺĻܣȺ֮ûд˭֪
УܹӵһϵɱǾĻԵˡ
ԣͨƵĳ֣Ż˷رǵһƳʱǸ˴ƴսŲᡣ
Ǹ棬ͩҲΪ֮ݡͩҲ̲סģ¶ʵڶʳƣ˵ͩңֱͺؤ˶ٵİˡ
ؾǿƳ֮ʱ۴ս
ⲻΣǾԿܷġ
Ⱥ˾Ŵ۷⣬ȺʵҲСơЩȺҿδоŴ۷ôۺһܵõϵɱĻᣬԲŹ
Ը߼ɱԶɮ٣㲻ʵܿԶнչ
ʱƵľѾǵٽˣֻл޼ɡͬˡ
ҲλЩһֱ̾սǰĳ֡

Ҳֻ˵񣬽֮£˷ңҲӵмǿʵۡ
ƮѪ֮ǰλѾ໥ӽˡ
ټͨɱĸ߼ۣҲѾൽˡʵǿǰĻ۵޷ڵǰ𵽶õġ
ΪЩͨɱؾá
ǽؾ֮ǰʮлҲûеõһͨɱ֪ҪõһɱǶôˡ
ˣƾǵʵͬӮϡ
һ绹Ҫ齨һһᱦرеɱʱ򣬸ˡ
л޼ɵλƵĸ֣ǲô鷳ֱӵжǼһжӵõĶ˵õĲ࣬ǷֵٰǵжЩջͲ÷֣ȫԼġ
ٶʮͨɱͬҧе
ٶʮҲʾ
ʮл޼ͻȻ̧һأΪҲ˷ͬ͹ļ޲쵽ˣɴظػ
ͬɫ˼䣬ڻ̾˿ûټӼۡ
лʦ֣ϲ㡣عϲ
Ǻǣлλʦֵܣˡл޼ҲҡͷЦЦ漴óʮͨɱԼеɱλʦܣлĳеɱлȡټͨɱҲƽָҡ

ףǾͲˡͬ͹飬Լһλʮ˲㾳΢Ц˵
һóһټͨɱһеɱȻеɱԻһټͨɱϲԸеɱͨɱ
л޼ɵֶηǳóеɱλʮ˲㾳ĸ֣ⰲλϾûǵİæҲܵõƣպкᣬܰѹϵ㽩ˡ
Ҳֻܰ̾ϧû˶˵ʲôϾǵʵȲλ
ˣһʮɱڳģ֮⣬жʮˣƽһ£ÿ˿Եõʮͨɱͩʦܡʦܡʦáʦ˹ÿ˷ֵʮͨɱȫ꣬ûɣл޼ɴ˵
Ҳûʲôͼʵġ

ͩıĿãõ˴ҵһϿɡҲɱһ嶥ţֲסֵһλʮ˲㾳ĸ֣ҲǼĹ͡ȥƺͩĹ͸󣬵ƽ֣ҲΪͩٲҪ鷳
ͩ˶û
˵ˣͨɱѣڳˣĸûһټϵͨɱҪĻնɱһͬ־Ϳ̻ȻղСôҲô
ֵͩ˶ʮͨɱҲһʲСջ
λǼ·ǰһƳ֮ءлĳѾƣһƣлĳŵ뾺ۡл޼õƣ֣صؽŽԼĴָ֮Уúñ棬漴Щ˷ܵ˵漴ó鱦սŴˣڵϡ
ȻʮͨɱĴۣ۾Իֵ뵽ԼܿΪõһϵɱл޼ɵ鲻ľҲЩѹֲס˷ˡ
ãߣҲ߰ظ͵


336  ؾ
ؾĵǧ˰ꡣ
ĳУͩĶ֮С
ͩһ˾µɱǰͩһ˵Ļ˳˶顣
ͩ󲿷ʱ䶼ڶ֮вµõһֱơһеȹɱͩǰõն¸ǿͩҲֻǲʮ֮ѡ
Ϊֱͬʮ˳֣乥Ҳʤն²ֹһ
ʹͩʵһС
ʱ仹ǲͩ붨֮̾
ʱ̫̣صϾʮֲ㣬Ҫʱѧĥġ
ͩһɱ඼ͨɱεģͩûп滻еɱʵϣնɱڶţõǵĲƸ֮Ѿһ׼ƷƷʵеɱʱ
ֻΪʱϵֻͩѡƵɱ򵥵ģͬʱͩķġ
ͩɱʱͻȻһϢԺǿͨƸ֪ͨ
ֻͩеõƵʿõϢ
ص

ؾǵõͨƵʿͬһʱ˱չػͣ飬걸״̬ء
һвӰؾʿĿֻЩõƵ˲֪ĿϢģûдĶ
ÿһصĿʱ䶼һ
ͩʰһмҵȻ뿪˷Уڵָʾڸȥ
ڴͬʱõƵҲһˡ
һ·ϣͩҲ˼ţȺϢ֪ĳƹжʮöΧʮöΧöԼϵöŴ۷干õʮö塢ͳõöڤ塢塢塢塢塢һöƶ۷ȥ
ͩò̾嵽ǳ֮һ̾Ҳܵõһöơ
ʮͩʾ֮ء
ǰһƬɫ֣ǸʴԪŻؾǱڡ
ӵйɱʿʿУ϶ȥ޻أ
ӵйɱʿڲ֪ж֮УҲʧȥʧУϲдȥĿܡ

ԣͨǱ֮ֱͩӼƣƹâһһ㰵ɫ͸ֽͩ
ֵķǿȴܹⸯʴԪŻҿΪָʾ
߽֮ͩУȻַָ֮ͩû˵ֺͩ
ֵ֧ķĲ󣬶ͩ˵ǲֵһᡣ
̽ͩӿٶȣƵָʾ
ͩϸһԼһƽ̨ϣƽ̨׳׵νṹƽ̨̻һԲ̨
ͩڵƽ̨Χͬ
ѹַǴƲˣԭνĴԽһƽ̨һƶӦһƽ̨Ҳ֪޾֮еŶƵƽ̨Ҳжʮͩ
Բ̨֮Ͽ̻󷨣һĴһ鰼ӣС״úе޼
ͩվ˴ϣеƷŽĵİӡ
һŽȥ̱
ͩ˲㱻뿪

ֻͩǰһϢ֮󣬲Żָ˹
˿һȣӣصˡ
صйϢ֮ĶֻһЩëƤϢĻ֪Ϊʲôûдȥ
ڴʱһصϢͩԺ
Ϣûоԣĺͩȴܹס
ͩϢĺ֮󣬲ŻȻʡ
ϢȻ⣬ؾ֮зһУ⴫Ȼ췣١ص֮еʱ䣬ֻһٰʮ꣬һٰʮ󽫻ᱻͳؾң׼зƵ˳ص֮С
˵ˣǲͩ˷ų
ͩΪ⣬ؾ֮оʲôܣȻ֡
νأͩһʶʵĸʶƿת
󹫡󰮡顢Ȼ鶼ĺӣƿء
ԭؾתѹֻôɱ϶ԪʿռȥˣȻַͨʽŸ顣
ֻΪʲôأ
ΪʲôҪأ
ͩףβ͸ˣβ͸Ͳˡ
ͩҲȥġ

䱦ɻˡͩʶ֮не
ڸɻˣٵȵȣ䱦˷ܵؽеϾıķ֮Ԫǵһ塣
һ䱦ſڵҵˣǰߣһָʾġ
סͩٵشԽ˳ȣǰһεĹԴ
ȥ䱦ѵ
ͩһŷͼ˳˴š
âһͩŷԼһ󷿼֮УΣÿһߵǽ϶һͬĴţͩ⴦⣬
ܴ󣬿˲⡣
븡ֳһصͼ֪кá
ͩϸһ̾һص״̬֮Уĸӿͩʶ֮С
䱦һȣͩո
⣬ǴطͩȻûеõ̫ĸ򣬵ҲеõصϢͼ֮У̺һķţԻս塷
䱦ش
Ұҿս֮ǳѧײѧͩƵʵ

֪һ붨Ƕ𣿡䱦ʵ
ãͩʵжãһ
꣡䱦ڻش
ʲôãͩȵʵ
꣬Բ䡣䱦ش
ͩһʱ¼Ȼ꣡
⣬ôܣͩȻ
Ÿոմս塷һŽܺԭûѧ֮͹ȥˣ
ȫѧ꣬õʱ䣿
ֻܹ֮дһٰʮѣͩ²ܿܰ⡶սط꣬ʱž͹ȥһ˰ɣںܿȫõҲ˵
ϧͩ̾ΪѰ䱦壬˵ͩĿܲںʲôϵɱĿ׼ĳһĴطˡ
ϾϵɱǿԺҪɸǿĶɱɱǿģϾ
һŴпһλʿϵرǿܿƾ˳ѼԪҲ˵
ʲôлԵͽлԵĻԵ
ս塷Ԫ֮ʧһطͩõĲ£ƾս峬ѼԪ
طԪ֮ǰĳһ˼ԪĳĵմطʺС
ͩеˣΪʲôصغ볡ȯǼֵ˫
ùϽֱߵĵڶųȥ䱦ѵ
ͩĪת뿪⴦䡣
䱦ָ֮£ͩȣ䡣
Щ֮Уÿһ䶼ƵĴط
ͩҲǼʶˣԪ֪жʱĳ֮УЩµĲѾʧˡ
ֻܿص֮Уҵǵһڰɣ
ͩ߹ĴԽ࣬ԽǸоеļѡԪܹѼԪֻصм
ҪԶŵ֮ڹǿڣⷽγȲΣ֤뿪ͩҲΪ;ãɣ

ͩ·ͻ֪꣬˶ٴ䣬һ䣬ͩǼɱĴڡ
䱦רҵ۹ɱȷʵһϵɱһ޽ʽ͸һѹС
Ƶǣɱڽ֮Уֻƽܵõ
ͩѧܹо⴦ƵǿҪƿҪѵ٣²ǶʱڿԸ㶨ġ
ɶѹؾĿ˵õϵɱˡͩ̾
ΪɱҪõ͵ƽ
ƽҪʱ䣬Ļܿˮһա
طУκʿ׵õ
Ȼǵõطбһϵɱˡ
ͩĲ²ûдƾõһϵɱ˵ǲʺԼʹõɱ
͹õɱͲô׵顣
ܿһٰʮȥˣһɱ̲ţ뱦ɽֹ顣Ƶ߻ħġ
صĴطÿһŶֱָÿһŶлԵϰӵгѼԪĻᡣ
˵ڳǣȺе߷ϰα̰ЩطأķҲЩɣ

⻰û˵
κһ˼Ԫ壬ȺеķŶص֮еκһطҲȥ
ΪʲôЩ۷ŻЩطأ
Ͳò˵һ¼Ԫˡ
κһλԪ񣬶ΰĴڣûдǻۡԵǲܳɹͻƵġ
ÿһλԪǵͻ֮·
ֱλԪ֮ͻ֮·Żᱻճ
еⳬ֮·һܲγһһӡռסӣ˾û취ռˡ
ԣЩ۷ǣ޷Ѱǰ˵ĵ·ѼԪҪһԼĵ·
ҪԼ·߳һ֮·Ǻεȼѣ
˭ұ֤Լߵ·һǳ֮·Ͳ···
û˸ұ֤
رɷ洫˥֮󣬸ˡ
ص֮УЩطֻҪѰһԼܹԼеķţֻҪддԵܹȥ
٣һǰ߹ĵ·֤˿ͻƣҲѵ㣬ܱǰ·ռѰ·Ҫǿɣ
ͩӵһһεıָ·˸ֻпԼ
еĲֱȥˡ
ԣϵɱҰĵǣѡ񴫳طϵɱ
ѹܹӱ֮ȡϵɱʿ٣


337  ·޵
ͨɵ֮ˣǵı̫ͨһµߣǵıܳǱ˵Ϊȼ̸ָ·һ˵
ңֻиֲ󷨣Ȼݻָ֮·Ч
һ޵ıûЧ
ͩûϵɱǼ䱦ָʾͨһȴų䱼ȥ
ھʮ֮ͩһ䣬ͩһ¡
Ǵ֮аڷһϵȷɼףɼ׿˫̺
ⲻͩȵԭ򣬶ɼ׽֮ǰƽһλʶ
ĵһţžͷ֮һųƻеĻ壬ƽʨһ̫ӡʨң
ʨҳ߹һԴȱʼѣѸ٣ɾͰ֮󣬸һһľ硣
ΪڴطԶǰ֮ղصഫط⣬ǰĿתϵɱ
־Զͨϵȹɱ뷨֮ڣǰһƷʼطϵȷɼףŹȤ
Ŭƽʱͩɲɵش˽
˴֮䶼üΪ⣬Ҫ֪صִչ䣬ͨͺ۷ѽṹԹһ㡣״̬£˻ܹײһĲò˵һԵݰ

ֻԵݣ˵ǲôõԵݡ
ͩλһţǲ˷ʱѡ
ʨ۴ĸȥ룬ͩƤӵ¾ر˵£һͻġ
ʨҹջƽ֮٣Ц벻ܹ㣬̫ˡۣնɱλţƻ£˵ȳ޲ݡͩǵͷˣڣ
ͩЦЦ˵ؾƿأڣ١ȷʵһɱʬĺõطҲô
ˣԭܹײһԵˣ˴Ǳ¶ʵҲܹ֪
٣ͷӲҪ㲦ƤǣòҲԡʨŭЦ
Һ°û£ͩ˵䣬֧ͼ˹Ƶ
ʨҵĶͩҪһֻһһˣʨצѾٽͩͷ
˺һצ
ԭӴצ˲屶ͩͬΧпԹܵĵطڡ

ʨңʮŲ㾳ľͷȫһڵǿҲС֡
رһϵһצеȹɱ
ͩΧͼצٽ֮ʱ˲䱻ʮͼһƳ
צѣ
ͩףԼķɱǵסԷһģȻɵӲ
еĹƵ˳һӣǡǿͩѹɵӭʨҵȫһצ
ȻɱסһԹԹ
ʨҼͩȻԹԹɵðЦʵ̫ˣһʮ߲㾳СһҲҺԼԹѵ֪ʮ߲֮ľ磬ÿһ綼ررǵʮŲ㾳磬Ǹǳͨ۷ľ磬ͨĵ·
ʮһ㵽ʮĲ㣬ԴӦͨ񾳽硣
ʮ㵽ʮ˲㣬ԴмӦ硣
ʮŲ㵽ڶʮ㣬Դ߼ӦǳԽľֲĻ徳硣
ڶʮ㵽ʮһ㣬ԴӦȻ硣
ʮ㵽ʮ㣬ԴʼӦȻʾ硣
ʮһ㵽ʮŲ㣬ԴۼӦȻ۾硣

ֻսĲֵĸ磬ȻĻǶڷĸƿغںϣԼ󷨵С
ϣڰ׶Σֱ͸ʮһ򣬴ﵽʮһľϣͿֱָ۾硣
Ȼɵʿ˵ǲܵ顣
ߣ־ѣ˥һһӡûȡ֮˵Ǿ㹻·ǵһһ߹
νܿʹĥѣģó֤ޣ컯
׿֮Ҳһһ֮·֤ôޣ˥޽٣ͬ
ֻһ㣬Ҳر
ʨԵʮŲ㾳ȫһΪͩס
צཻ
ӴײֵĶƴ
һĽֱ֮ԣ
磬ನɢ
˽ԱһԿľ
ʨʮףͩʮףͩʨЩھȴǺˡ
ͩͲֻǱôˣ˱ɰϡ

⣬ôܣʨ˻ŵŭֲǱܹڶԹ֮УƾУȻֵľȻҲԼ࣬ǵʮŲ㾳硣
л޼ɣǷ֣ͬʨҲܹͨϾ˵ʱ䶼ˣҲ쵽ͻʱˡ
ͩ˶ãҲɣƮѪҲͲճžޣ
ȻƮѪǰͩı㲻ǰ޹ˡ
̵ĹϣͩǱֵñƮѪҪöࡣڽٶϣҲƮѪֵûҪ죡
ʨұˣ֮ӣУУнľ磬ѾƮѪһΣʮϲŻֱָͩһΡ
Ǻǣ˵ƮѪǰѹƵڼﲻ죬ĳ˾ٸһΣԴҪõģ͵㻹̫ˣͩЦеشʨҵ
㻹̫ˣ
ͩĻ·һһʨҵһѾָĵһλơ

ģÿһλʿӵеģɵ
ڣе·ĲͬԵĵĥҪһ
׻˵ľǿ֮ģ·ϵָܽᡣļᶨֻҪлԵ˭ܹΪǿߡ
˵֮·أϽǲȫģ¼ҡ
ǲȫıȼᶨĿ»ҪѼ֣ǳܹǴǻۡᶨ
ʨұճƮѪеĽʮ޴һֱڲȫ
ʮ֮ͩĺճһδʨĵĽ
һֻƲ˵Լ̫ˣǺεȵƺͲʣεشĴ
ͩڵĵʶһʿʶöö࣬һۿʨĵĽԸĽԴȪҲ
ͩ˵ͷɳ򣬽ʨ֮Уѡ
ɳ֮ͩľǵʮŲ㣬֮ͬ䣬ɱͨȻܹá

޾ɳʨӿȥ
ڴʱһƬʨģ˷쿪һӾ͵סͩɳ
ɱ
ֻɱܶԿɱ
ɱ̫Զֿ
벻㾹Ȼصôͩ̾ⲻǶԷŵõɱԷܹɱõ˴죬Ȼĵããܵͩɳ֮
ǰһսʨóɱԼɱԿԼ׾ɱ졢ܴˣ
˲ʨҵͬ壬ȵ޿ɺǣʨۺʨǽʨĳŰĵ£ʨҾȻҲ̵סǡޡò࣬ˮɶ
ļһȻĺԴȡ
ߣܱƳĵƣƴˣҲðڴ˴ʨģһҪɱͩ
£žͷ֮䣬ìܣҲȫ֣ΪϣҪɱ˶ԷԼҲø޴Ĵۡ

ڣʨҲϧҲҪɱͩ
Ȼڴţȣн꣬ۺһԱͩǿöࡣгڻƽʨһ壬ϱǿһ㣬Ҳ֮һߣж꣬طԲֻһֶ֣ϾͱͩҲǾ޴ơ
ͬȾ֮£Բֻһطͩʱݣȱⷽĵ̣ǲɱġ
ǿƮѪҲһڳɾ֮󣬱չزҲͩⷽ㡪̲㡣
ͩȻףӲӲƾеʵܾ֮֡
ʨҳȥצҧβޡײȵԭʼ̺˷ֹǱֳ˰žͷǿʵ
ʨƴһĿ񹥣ͩ⣬ȻмܵüΪࡣ
֮ʵಢ󣬾ƽһЩװˮƽƽطһЩٶȳƽһЩ
ͩܵ˵·ġ
սһţǶսನϵط̫ҷյĻ֮£γһɹǿҵĻ籩Һط⣬ռȹ̣Ǽ᲻ɴݣû
мĽҲһɹǿҵĻ籩ǰҲ־ҵĲƵȻģɴ˿ɼ֮ƴɱǺεȲˡ

ͩҲǵһ־ͷǿ֣ͩ˵һѵõĥͿ顣
ʨҾͩжҲΪֹǿһԽʯ
ͩʾʨҶƴʹ˻˱ֶΣȫˡ
Ҳ޵һȫɱ
ʨ͹һȴ˿ͩ¶ӣϾȻŵЦݡ
ͩѾ˺ۣϵıҲȻûа仯
ͩܲһλ֣ԼĶ֣԰ɣһȫʬʨǺ˵
⻰ʵ߽ͩս־ϾͩʵҪƴͬھҲпܵġ
ΪֻʵûֶΣ죬ڣͩϵںʨҴսǧغ֮ԾѾĥ㹻Ҳݲͩƴȥˡ
ߣƣȻǱӵ壡ʨҸı˲ԣȻ߽ͩķǾ͸Ϊŭͩ
ǺǡٱһȺҰҪǿһЩͩĵЦʨҵһ˶ⲻǺԼȥ


338  ʨңɣ
ʨҴ˿ҲȷʵδþֶΣһһʨβɨͩϰ֮Զ漴ˣˣڳ˵ͬʱִâ
ͩһɾ޴УȻ󲿷޻ս׵λ޷ֹرõɡ
ɾڴʱͩȴʨҵжӭĹâͩϸһƣȻ飬쵰һ־ţֱǰܼܹҲֻţһžһλϣͩһɱҲˣ
ʨҲչͣΪɱ˷ΧԸԼڣﲻ·ĻǾ;Ҳ·һ
ʨٶȱ˾һš
֮ǰս֮ʱΪǰ֮£֪䣬ʨѾͩһΪĵΡ
ʨҵıһҾһţͩŵһţŶԶ
鲢Ͷȥ֮̾ͱըɼһͻᱬ
ԭ飬ʨҾʶҪǿƿɱĽơ
ʨƵ÷ǳıըÿͬͩͽһ
ʨҵθճ˴ţһ
Ȼ

飬ͩҲӵУͩǳǲӵóȥġ
ͩһԼһֱõʮʶֳ֮
ͩһңһݣƽӵıų⡣
䣡䣡䣡鼸ǰıǿĻΪ̫У̫ŨϿռޣȻγһµĻ쫷硣
ⲻǷ쫷״Ļ֮
֮У·ĩһ㣬գУ쫷˻š
໡໡
쫷ŰʮϢ쫷֮УΨһ˸ͣ
ػҲܲס쫷ĳڴݲУػǼϵɱս׵ĽƱҡҡ׹
֮ͩУʮػ˵ûܵκ˺Ҫάֱķ֮ˮһ֧
ͩΪԼܹģԲᶯñȥӲ
Һã췽ڣĶͩ˵ܹ֧ŵ
ʮϢ󣬻쫷ĸ߷ȥˣҲڽ½

һֱʮϢ籩ͣЪΧȻ֮˸
ͩһ쫷ֲ̫̫ǿô̶̵һֶӣ췽д洢Ԫʮ֮һ
ѹһܹһλͬŵ˵в
ͩ˳ͷⴹ£֮ͩˡ
ػƣȻûƳ
ֲȻʣһҵĽƻãѹصϵɱõˡ
ʨڴϾȴţΪص⣬볤ȲֱӵģֻǿռͨѣûдӴŴ͸ȡ
¸¸£飬ڷյĻ±ըͩҿ㻹ʨҿĵؽеͩ䣬ʨҵĽˣĽ֮Ȼܶʱڻָָܻܲԭˮ׼Ҳ˵
һ㣬ʨԼǳôʹͩ޲ʬϡ
ʱҲˣǵҲ˰ɣ٣һʯһֵ񡣼Ƚ֣ܹͩƵƵõһϵȷսף׬ˡõֵˣԭһԥţҪҪǿĵءʨ뵽

ʨҽصӣ̤˴
һȻһӴѹ
ֻһȣ򣡡
գһʨס岻գԽԽС
ʨҸӦͱѹöã۽ֻɨһѹԴͷһ
ɱ
ʨڱ뱦ǰһ뷨
ʨұѹĵһռ֮Уʮľ޴ǿѹڲǿơ˲ͱȫӡѹޱ֮У֮ࡣ
ͩҲᱻɷɻҡ
ͩԭ㣬ԭ㣡ʨŭеϳͩǵĿ֮ߵһĺͨƵ֡
ͩл˱֮ϣ˫͸˱ڵʨҵĲ࣬ŭ
ͩû
ɶͩʵȻ͵ֱǿ߷緶߳ܣʨʹڲ
֪ͩйɱӵеʮŲľʵһ·ˣﻹ˷飬Ϊ¡

ͩйɱͨĹɱ˵飬ʮҲκβ
ʨԵʵ̫ˣ﷭֪ͩйɱ˭ְҲǰ״
ͩôֲʵȻ޳ܵذϻԼӵ߯ˡ
ԭֳͩĵʮ߲㾳磬ӵɱһײɱ汸ͩʱ䣬ʵѾ൱ˣκ˿ˣỳ̫ͩ࣬ͩһЩʵҲص̫࣬Ͼλʿûһأ
ʵǣԭͩһֱ¶ʵʵʮ֮һ쵰Ȼ˰˾ųɵʵ
磬ôĺòã
Ҫʿͩѧϰʵ̫ˣƤǰ
ԵˣͻȻ֣Լ˱ԵĶ
ͻȻǣʵ̫ӵˡ
ʨҾͺǲ輸ϰڷŵһѱߡ
ߵòٱˡ
ʨڷŭغУҪѪ۽ܿ⡭
ʨԽԽƣԽԽԼ̫ԩˣԽԽԼ̫ˣԽԽ̫ͩ۸ˡ

ùӣܹҶ˵ˣ²̫ţ͵ͩҡҡͷ̾
˵£ͩ͸˱˽ȥ
ͩҲҲҲʨͩ⻰ޱȵɬؽе
ͶˣֲʲôԣҸλžͷһӣϾҲΪֹϵǿĶ֮һͩѾնݳ֮ġʵõѡĻԶ븴ˡ
ϧͩûǸ£óֶⷽΡ
صȴһ൱õɱ֮ء
һжڣҲνɱ֮أɱλһţԺתҲص֮еһС
ͩҵĽգ죬һģʨûģֻʣϣĽġ
Զδ޵ǰ;δȻܹʡۣѼԪˣҲġ
ǣʨֲ̤֮·ʨˡǿ֮·۵˵İ׹̾Ͷɣɱ˻Ǳɱ֮е¡

ȰɣҲ㣬һƱ꣬ҾͻǣǱ޼ʮꡣ˵ҪǱ޼ʮܹﵽεȾ磿ͩЦʵ
ʨˣһͩѾܱ̬ˣǱ޼ʮ꣬ǲǸ̬
ټϣ쵰ʵ̫ˣԻϻȵʱ򣬾Ѿˡ
ȻͩλţҲԲΪʲôյİɱҲκβͩοͩǣǳҲκβ
ΪһųĸѾ൱ˣһ۷ͼǱɱˣԲʺɱһţ廹ôƻء
ҪˣٸһܣԺ㸴ˣҲнļ䡣ǧΪеģͳɱһǧλţټֱӵļӵϵţڣٺٺ٣ĸ߶żҪ˰ɣͩЦǺǵ˵
ʨˣĵѣԭһǣǧ꣬һҲûУԭ־Ȼͩѹ֣ôҲûһۻ˭飬Ҳ벻һʮ߲㾳žһΪ֡
˵ôô̫ˡʨҺ޲һһڵسͩ

Ϊʲôôأҵ˹ˣҲܺ߰˭˭ˣҽʥ򾳽翪ʼĻ쵰ͺһҲšôֻ׼鷳Ͳ׼һְͩдʵطʵ
ʨ˵֮ߣ˵ˡ
ͩΪҲ֮һġֻǴģͩǰĵ
һһϲû
ţĵȥɣһ֣Ҹұ֤һһ죬žԶͷһҳ˼Ԫͩؿ˵
ͩ⻰˵ֱ׳һ˼ԪΪ񼶱ĴܣҲڰСС֡
ǺεȺڰģε޳ܣεȿֲ飿
ĲֶΣûеޣı
µľư

ͩһɳ֮󣬲̫ˣͿӴԺҲûţڶɱһδɱһϣ
ʨͩĻ˵ˣѾɵˣͩĻֱĵӿһɿ־УҲôǿҵĿ־С
ܣ㲻ġʨҲһλԼᶨĸ֣漴㷴Ӧ˹ط
Ҳ۷壬֮һŨ
ͩĸôĻҪ˶ãϲһᷴӦȡӦĴʩжͩһ˾㣡
ԣ
Բͩ˵ķжƻصΪôĻԻᱻⲻǿЦ顣
ͩһǾ޷һԿġ
õûл֪ˣȥɣͩٷϻ˱ֱʨҡ
û֮ʨңֻһλͩȫʩΪ֮£Ѿòˡ


339  ձ
ͩӼʨϵõ˲ٺô˵߼еɱһͨɱټͨɱԼһĵرдĽס׼
٣ɱŸáͩЩȻռ䣬Լҵղر֮СȻɱ˷ŻԽǸ֣ҾԽ񡣡
ͩ˴ĽƣóƹŵһǼǴȥ
Ƽһֻʣʮ֮һҵĽƣֱ䱡һ㡣
ͩаϲȻã
ʸǣͩȫʸǣ乥൱ɹ۵ġ
ֻͩڵˮƽ޷潻ս֮ʱһеòֻԶ̾ѻΪսǰĵһ
һһʸǡ
ͩһʱҲ֪ٵʸǡ
ȫĽƣͩĹطʵϲʺƽ
ֻȺ幥طǷΧطԵشõƳػƵķ
ͺ֮ǰ鱬ը֮ɵĻ籩һ㣬۵ʵͩʸǻҲͺ籩֮ƽ
籩ʮϢÿһϢڽϵǿͳͩһϢܺ͡˵ʮϢ幥Զͩǧٱ

дػƳܲסͩɢڿС
ͩЦеȡǼϵȷɱһϲһУһʺƣõһϵȷɱ
ˣϽ·ɣǵĿ겻䱦ѵ
ͩһ˵ҩϢһ뿪
ͩеٶԽԽ죬һһͩÿһ֮Уһϵȼɱ
ף̤ͩһڷŵľȻɱǴͼ
ȹͩҲûжͣ·ˡ
⴫طҲеȼְ֮ͩ̾
ϻϣûһֻĴд󷨣ΪͨϳˡϣĸͨĴдҲֱָ֮Ȼǲô֣ҾͲ֪ˡ䱦ش漴ֲ崫Уϴ󷨡
ͩǺһЦ·ʱ鶼оƮȻ˼֡
Ϊ߼طͺôˣЩҪҲҪʱġͨ󷨣ѵһЩĴֻƮѪһľпܴܹ꣬һϳ˴󷨣ѾǷëˡȱϳ˴󷨣һͨء䱦˵

Ŷ֪Ҫжãͩһ߸·һ²ʵ
֪һپʮʱ䣬Ӧôвϳ˴󷨡䱦˵
ʲôͩˣš
٣㻹ԼɾˣѰɣСȻţԲƮѪľš䱦ԥش
ô죬ȷʵ⣬ҪΪû߹··֮·;ͬ飬ɵͨյĿĶǳѡ·ϣе·ǰУеﳵǰУеǿǰУЩǱľǿܳ㿪ͨ˽ҳֻѡĵ·һ㣬ƵԶ·һ㣬ֱǰУȻԵĽܿ졣䱦˵
ͩ˵ͷ˵˼Һףᶨ·رģֱǰ
ֲͩϲţǼˣԼǲǾŲҪҪԼĵ;ǷܹߵĿĵء
䱦ЦЦ漴ֿ˵ܺã㣬ǳá
˹֪
Լ͵ޣԲҪȥһЩԼ֮ɵ¡

ͩϳ˴򣬽˷öɱ
ͩʵ䱦˵صĲɱϴ󷨵Ĵаɣ
˭˵׼أ䱦ҡҡͷ˵ô㻹ɱȤɣ
ңȷʵȤֻҲףǲܵġͩҡҡͷشɱȲ˵ص֮ûУʹУƾͩڵҲδ
ͩͨɱ޷ȫ˵ɱˣöòߣ
ͩб鱦ʮǱɱģֺͩαȥ̰ͼһòɱأ
ͩڵʵɱͩ˵ĻԴƾ֤
һһɱʮŵġŵġƧġģͩ˲٣ǿõȴòζʵ˵ʮֲܡ
Щػƿȥǿܹƿ𣿱ʱ򣬶ˣȴƲ˽ơͩĵʵɲС£֮ǰԲȱʱɢĽƣͩһʱ͹ҪĽƣͩµûѼʮϰʱƽ⡣

⻹ֻػϵɱĽƣػɱĽƣͩǻǧʱҲƿưɣ
ǺǣɾͲ֪ˣֽǶڵġҲ˵ҪñƳơɱȴɵشԣҪñַʽһ־ǿƽһ־취ͨڵɱԼ䱦ڻش
ͨιͨⲻǱƵ𣿡ͩһǻìܵĵط
нڵʶǷֶζ޷ӽɱ޷ӽɱѵܹ溰ɱ
ɱͻԼɳ
ܣ
޷Ӵ޷ͨҲ޷ɱԼɳˡ
ҾͲ֪ˣһɱԵԶɳأ䱦̹׵˵
ͩˣɵһһۣٺ䱦ˡ
ô꣬˸ʽɱԹˣɱͱԴɱ٣ֻôһɱһûм

ҵˣͩڵĿĵأʮŸϵĿĵء
һöС磬˸ŵɫâԲηͭǮͱڴģֻһػơ
ã̫ˣҵˣ䱦Ц죬ҳȥ
ͩһţһöɫͭǮͩʶ֮˳˸޾Ϲ⡣
·ܵ˴̼һ㣬ػ֮ڵĻɫͭǮȻҲͻ˼ķӦâҲ˲ţػƵػΧ
ϹͻƹӴһ𣬺ܿͽڵһ
ɫͭǮͻǻɫͭǮڴʱĳֹ
һػڵöɫͭǮȻΪһɫâ˳ͩ߷
ɫͭǮҲӭȥöͭǮ𣬽ţöͭǮͶͩʶ
Ҫ˯ں壬ʣµԼ㶨ɡ䱦˵һ仰ҲûлӦ
ͩҲϰ䱦ʱʱس˯˵ҲûϰԵ˵ˡ
Ҳաͩѡһţ˴
ȣͩһڷһʽɽ

ʣɽһ⹥ɱֻػҲǿ
ͩһ֮󣬷ԼҪƿƣûǸܣԼҲӵ顣
ţͩ߹˼ЩػƵǿȶࡣ
ˣ˻ȥɣ˲̰İͩҡҡͷ̾
Ȼͩ㰴ԭ·ˡ
񾳽ͩͼ൱ǿģֻ߹һΣʱ·ҲͩԺ֮У·Ҳ·ȥķա
ͩĴܼ򵥣Ҫ˻ϵɱȻײһײܲѰһϵɱǱԴϵɱ
ȻһɱΪԴɱ棬ͩ췽һֱõۼʱ˵ǲҪġ
ʿӵһɱʵҲһΣ򲻹˵ʱ򣬾ͲҪıס޷
սã·Ҳá

ʮͩصϵɱȻΪԼռһԣѡ˽ҪߵĴš
ͩ㣬ѾʮˣͩõĺôѾˣһϵȷսףһö⼶ĻɫͭǮ
һʮʱ䣬úõĻܹϵɱ
Լֱͩʮ䲻ͬĴһ
õһɱͩȤ
ɱʽȻһкԵ̣
ͩѾһ̣һ׵ɱǰ飬̣ͬͩƣ˱пҲ׵ɱ
ʱͩҲЩˣ˵ͩһ׵ɱҲͲ˷ʱˡ
ͩе֪һ׵ɱҪԺϡԣرϵɱ׵ɱǸϡٵú͹ɱеһƴ
һΣܿԺҲһȼ׵ɱˡ
˵ģ׵ɱͩ˵ֽ׶εûĲͩҲûʱȥ
һ֮ͩһߵȼ׵ɱıϣõıĳ׵ָϡ

ҲգˣͩһҧϵɱûϣҲᣬͩѾһϵȷɱֻһϵȹͲճһˡ
ɱͩżĿǰ˵Ƶ㹻ˣԺʵ֮ҲԴȺ֮жһͩĵ̣һϵȹɱ൱ҵġ
ڣͩϵȷɱҲھãǰղԺá
˵һеɱ㹻ͩõˡ
ٸҲ˷ѣע⣬ͩơ
ͩó飬˵˴ǰһȻۿ䵽˽ϣת˴ڴͬʱһ顣
籩Ȼһγ֣յĻ֮£籩ǿ˼֡
һͩĿ֮£籩Ϊӽػơ
籩һͣͷعػƣһϢ֮䣬Ʊ籩ԵعɱͩͷһٵʸǻҪ¡
ǳԹĺôˡ
һΣ籩˰ʮϢ
֮ǰʨ黹Ҫá
ʨҵͩΪʨҵ鹥вǱͩóʱʮϢ


340  ؾر
ͩӲֻתĽѾƵÿҪʧˡ
Ȼ黹ƳƣֱǾ䣡ͩЦ
ͩ漴˹Ƶƽ٣˫յ
ʸǣ
һײ˽ƣƺò
ͩҲ٣һһغ䡣
ʱֳͩһ˼˼ûȺ幥طķǳ㡣
Щͩһֱͷ£̻ͬʱҲϣõУһϳ˵Ⱥ幥ط
⵹һûᣬҪƳЩػҲֻǿһ;õϰӣðײá
Ĵݲ֮ػƵѾʮһάͩϵ͹ͩ黹ûеõһüĿػƱ㱻ͩƵ
Ҳգһػ԰ɡͩ̾˿黹൱ģϾֵõһϵɱ
ͩõ˰̣֮С
ת뿪ˡ
ִͩ˼ʮ
ȫϵȹɱͷɱʮһ
Ҳʮһ֮УʮõĶǹɱֻһǷ÷ɱ

ЩͩɲȤɱβͩҲҿ϶һսεɱһǷɱ
ԴɱҲɱһβ
пҹΣҲпΣпΣƵΡ
֮ﲻ֣Ҽһ֮󣬵õﱾϸϢ֮˭ҿ϶ɱá
ͩת꣬Ҳûõһɱ
ûа취ͩ۹ʵ̫ˣټͩҲȱѰ͵ɱ
ڣڽصĵڶʮ꣬ͩһȤı
һ͵ı
ܹɱϵɱ
ϵȼɱϡٳ̶빬ɱеһƴʹͩصתʮ꣬Ҳûмʶһ
ټؾǧ꣬Ҳǵһμ
ɱͨ˵ŵöǷСҲ˵һɶõɱ˵ˣһ׷ɱõı
ȻͩúЩغϣⲢͩɱ졣

ҪˣͩһʦݣټͩȤɱȻǷǳȤòҲղ
ɱ̫ۣɱͲôˡ
Ϊʲô
ΪɱãɱӵУɱɱǷȱġ
ͩʹòţҲοΪԼƴɱɶġ
ãˣͩѡ
ͩһػơ
ͩʸǿҹû뵽ЧΪ㡣
õػƣȻԶ޸ܣͩƻƻٶȳػƵ޸ٶȲſĥ
ʸǵĹ͹ƵʣҪĥҪͩһʮϵʱ䡣
ϣĻָʱ䣬ͩҪϢʱȵһոչ
ǣͩûôʱ䣡
ԵȺ幥Ǳزٵˡͩ̾
ͩһͷżǵĹһ˼Ŷвķ塣
£壬ӿ֮Уݷһʱ֮䣬ͩȫ

ԣ磻
ˮԣ˳ƶ䣻
ľԣϢ
ԣâ¶
ԣ񱩲Ϩ
̡֮ˮ֮áľ֮֮ҡ֮غ
ˡ
طȡ֮˿ռ£ѹΪԭĸ߼ӵǿĴ͸ɱ
ͩһ㣬ҪȺ幥ѹ۵ԭͲеͨ
ͩɴ໻һ˼·κط벻µ֧š
һֻʮһ֣طȴǧǧ֡
ͩΪתΪԭϿռӡ£µط
һطͩΪΪƳ
һطǧǰͩѾڹ˼ˣ뽫޵䡷ĵڶʽΪͩ׷̫ߣϣططﵽ߼Сɾ硣
ںۡٸѹļɣǷǳƿصġ
˿ɾͲƿˣԲע⣬ʧ⣬ȻҲܵش߻ħ
ԣͩ˼һǧ꣬Ҳûгɹ
ʵ̫һЩ

ƿƣȡɱʱѹ֮£ͩǿǱ
ӿͩԺ²ͣϣͩĴطţָϢ齨
ͩ˫ۣƺƺ޾ǳ˸
֪˶ãͩһ壬Ȼ˶
ֻһʳָͻȻѹһɫͻȻͩʳָˡ
ϸĻԿ֮Уһת
Ȼ֮䣬ͩƲ䣬εˣһֱ˵˴ڵĴǰ
Ƴ
ɳײػƣ͵ƿͻȻ䣬һƾ֣ڡ
ţڲƺʲôͻ䣬ÿһǳӦȫը
ľˮз֮ʺһ֮£ʹñըһ¥
ھһһ㼼ɿƣƱ֮γ˿ֲķ籩ϮһС
ͩڣҲ漰ķΧڡ
ͩ״һһ
űֵз籩Ű

籩ֻʮϢ׼ȷ˵ֻ˾ϢƽϢ
֮ͩ˳Ц
漴Цɹˣĳɹ
ػͩһ֮£ֱӱƵ˰ٷ֮һ
Ƴĳɱ˵൱鱬ը֮Ϣɱ
㲻ֲ̫Ҳ㼫Ϊѵãһи漫󣬼ʹͩڽսʱ򣬲ó
һطֻǷΧط۵ҡ
һУͩҲǵ鱬ը֮϶Ļ۲Ųݴ˳ʵһУ̫ƣдƺͼǿ
ⲻỹ֣ػƣǻǷǳõġ
ף֪侹Ȼ͹ȥ˰ʱ⣿ͩ鿴ʱ¼֮𾪵
벻ͩоĹֻǶ̶һ˲ʵȴȥһٶꡣ
ͩһǳƱֻƵٷ֮һĽơ
Ҳ˵ͩҪһٵطƿƣõ
طͷŵıըһ
Ǻ㶨ģʲôʲô
طٿʿʿͷŵطʿԼġ

˵ʿʩչطʱõķԽۺԽǿ
ղһͩõȫһķ
Ҳ˵̶ֳȵĹֻͩʩչͱ벹䷨ġ
ԽǿĹķѵķԽ࣬Ĺɡ
һԴɱþԵ÷ǳˡ
˱ԴɱսʱͼӦģʿսҲԽǿ
ͩҪƿƣͱ뽫췽洢ķõ롣
Ҫ֪һ췽ͩ½
ͩĽǱҪʱ̣ͩһֱ֤췽ڵĴ洢߳ɡ
ȻǱҪʱ̣ͩÿ䷨һΣȻȵ췽ڵķĵ߳ɾߵʱ򣬾ͣ
̷ҩָ
ָֽ֮Ƴػơ
ľִָ֮
˷֮¡
Ȼʮʱƿػơ
ϾָͩʱػҲ޸֮С
ٶȶͩ˵ϼˡ
ɱ֣֮ͩС
ţͩʼָһҲڽ췽С

ָͩ״̬֮ѰµĿꡣ
ʱ仹ʮʱ䣬ϣܹͩõϵɱ
ʵͩջḻصʿҲջḻ
һԳȺţؽط֮󣬾ת˶ϵɱ׷
ⲿԸһžӶ࣬Ǹۺ񣬲ͩһʱϵĵ̲㣬طֻһףһ׻Ҫʱ
ǵջ񲢲ͩС
ʮͩջ˵ϵȷɱͩܵ˵һ൱ǵˣеĿ궼̫Ѱ򡢱Դ͹ɱ׷ϡ
ѡ˷ɱΪõĹض
ɱԼãԸҲ˽Ϊһֵջ
֮ɱû˭Ӷġ
ȻԼԵȻҪ̵ܶô
ؾһ꿪һΣͩлˣһҲΨһĻˡ
֣һĿ꣬ʱ仹ʮ꣬ٶȿһ㣬췽Ļ̵ܹһϵɱɱɱҪˡͩ̾һѸٴָ

ص֮УһƬƽ
ص֮⣬ؾطȴһƬȷѪꡣ
֪ʲôʱʼͨɱĳԽԽ࣬ĸ֮ľҲԽԽҡ
Ī塣
ĵһţʨˡ
ڲΪŭرΪʨҵıǽʨһ峤Ķӣʨһ峤ʵ̫ߣȴʮָ߹
Ȩ£Ͷ˸¡
ȻȥˣĵΪ㡣
ΪصһУܹ鵽ģҲû֡
Ҫ飬ֻеȵеʿص֮г֮󣬲еò顣
ɾˣѶҲ൱޴
ΪܹصˣҪôǳŴ󳬼ĵһţǾǵ͵ĳ廹޷ŵ飬Ϊ˼Ҹ㡣
һ־ѣʵز͸ʿ
ⲿʿʵҪǣǲѡ
ѵǵõǵ׼ȷϡ
Ҳ޷ؾʿľ
֮£λ˶ӵĽʨ峤ưոݣ
ԣΪ˷йҲãΪ˱ҲգֻҪɵļһᱻİҹŶϣֱ֣ӽɱ
ΪԽԽԽԽǿơ
ΪʲôΪؾҪرˡ
һؾرգؾ֮е飬ų
˵ˣǻᱻؾͬһʱڴͳ
һ룬ҶͬʱͳصʿЩ˭޷ó
ʹǽĵˣֻҪûҲ֪ؾľ˭
ʨҵԶһԣ





341  ƽ
ճµһֿʼˡ
ĴʥǣԴǺǶڱԴ֮ڡ
ʥǣ򲢲ڱԴ֮ڣڶС֮С
ÿһԪڳѼԪ֮󣬶ӵԼС棬ЩС۷ܹԪ֮ٵ̡
ֻҪλԪ䣬СܹŸԪ
ǿ̵ıݾЩС档
λԪ񣬾С档
ԪľЩС֮С
Ԫڳɳ׶Σʵ׶ΣԪֵǿߣԶԶܺԪᲢۡ
֮ǣǴڹ֮С֮Уǹϵĳǳء
סţԪʱڱŵϹŶǡ
ȻһֱȺ֮㡣
̨ͩϣմɳдݻ㹦ΣͩӲ¡
ǧȥ˰ɣʱúÿ졣ͩ붨֮³һ̾

Դǧǰؾر֮ͩͱȺ߲͵˹֮죬˵죬ʵϾѵġ
ͩؾ֮ΪܹˣȴȺ߲۾ϾԶ¼һС
ˣȺ߲žͩ͵֮
ǻҪϼ֣Ҫǣ԰ȫ
֮ϹŶǣһЩΪţЩŶʦΪ
ͩܵĲսѵʦѵ
ܹͩѧԪ۵֪ʶ;鴫С
ͩ⣬֮ͬУоʦҲ͵˹֮ǡ
һ˵ʦһλԪʦŷʦ
ʦʲôĴڣ
ܹеɱϵɱʦ
ĴҲ࣬಻ᳬָ֮
һλڣȻڿΣʮʦβĪ
ͩڣ˶î˾ѧϰ
ͩȥԵؾͱȺˣʵϣ֮ͩ⣬õĺôɲ١
ȣͩõϰٴβ񱮵Ȩҵõ˴Ⱥ׵㡣

֮⣬Ⱥͩһöָָӵ¹ػ֡
Уͩս
ÿһţڽ߲ͬʱӵвս
Ȼڻս֮ڡ
ԺȺǿҪս
ǽͩΪԴܱ
ͩԴҲûκεִԭƻؾر֮Ҳǣչزһ׼Ӧ̽٣׼ѧ鱦ݱܷâΪѾͩһ㣬ɱһλ
һ۷ҪºֶԸһ˵ʱͩǣҲܳһ
ͩӵ޾ԪͲ֮ټϿռļУԱ
˵ĳ߲ͻȻɱʽϮ֮ĿҲûеġ
ԣΪ˰ȫͩͱ߲͵˹֮ǡ
֮λڹ棬ǹ֮˽֮
κǱ࣬Ȳ˵ܹܲܽȻᱻһʱ䷢֣ûĿܡ

ͩȻôͿ񼶱𡣰ǴĽ׶Σһ׶εĻԽΣԺջȻԽ
ǧѧϰͩƱˮƽǣѾΪһλϸʦ
νʦǿ߼Ϊͨ鱦ʦ
ɱͩûѧᣬǲơ
ɱֻ񼶱ĴڲǸȥƣţ˱鱦⡣
Ϊ鱦Ľף˵Ϊ
ܹͨ鱦ѾͩԱҵˣʣµĹɱ֪ʶѾˣֻеȵ֮ͩȥԼʵˡ
ǧȥˣͩһеɱΪУǳƱһطɹؽսڶʮľ硣
սڶʮ㣬ֽͩһ
ǧ꣬ͩ˽һ֮⣬о硢򡣵Ȼͩڿռ䷨ϵҲûֹǰ
ԭ֮УȻһ׷񱮡
Ϊ֮һǿ̣ȻС
ͩնɱǧţҽʨңսȻû⴫ȴõ߲ؽ

񱮵ĲҲҪʱ۵ģ˵ò԰Ѿȥġ
ĻֻҪƵĿŷ񱮣ǸԴԴϵز
׷Ͻƽӣȷʵͩ÷ǳд⡣
ͩոɽĹΣĴѶ
ͩͨˣصιͩ
ͩ£߿Ƽ˾ˣĲϣѾռ֣嵥ĿʲôʱգѶһͷ˻ش
Ŷô죬Ǻã͵XXXXŵׯ԰ҵĹܼҾˡͩشͩ鿴һ嵥ϣвĲϣ׼ġ
õģˡ
˵꣬ͽͨѶ
νޣָ½һ˴޴֮һׯ԰Ӷ͸ǵʵһ£ɸ׶ε֮󣬶ӵһׯ԰Ϊŵء
Щׯ԰İʩ¹ػ֯ģ˺͹ܼҶӶרģ˵൱ɿ
ͩڰ˰ǰ߿Ƽ˾һʴ󵥣ǰæռһЩΪѵõġ
ͩӵռ佻ƽ̨ƽ̨ҲܵģʲôĲ϶ȱġ

ͩµĵӣȻµһЩΪƧѰԼûеĲϣʹˣ߿Ƽ˾ʵҲ˰һ֡
ͩ漴ͨ˹ܼյͨѶ
ͩ£кηԸλׯ԰սӵͩͨѶʵ
ģҼǰ߿Ƽ˾µһʶһǾͻ͵鷳ǩգȻ͵֮ͩش
õģΪҵҡջش
ðɣͩ΢Ц˵ꡣ
ӶֱӽͩĶӱԴ͵֮ȥɲһܹõġͩҲΪһؾ˴󹦣Ȩޡ
鱦ĲѾȫˡֻЩ鷳޷ˡǰˣͩͷ
ͩӡ屦¼ķ֮УѡǧҶٳɵĹֱָ
ͩûó̫߼ĹǸԭģķܹͩģԣֻͩ˶Σ󲿷ֹȥʿȥ
ȵͩɹ̽٣ɵõ֮Ƽ򻯰汾ķԷٿЩʿΪá

ͩ׼һȫԼ׼жͳλһϵдǴͳΣҲܹķչ鷳֮ͣС
˵ŵľѻ
ؾһսĴʧأżʮ֮ڣⷽĽͣ͡
Ҫ֪ڿƼˮ׼ϵķչʹھŴ󳬼֮ĩǿ嶼Ȳϡ
֮ھŴ󳬼УΪӵλԪһԪϵĹ塣
ڵ֮Уÿһ嶼ԳѼԪΪչĿģһж֧
һĿƼٷԴﵽԿƼˮ׼ʵĵزֻҪ޷ѼԪһԪ֮һж
ԣڸ֮УȺĳ巢չ֮ء
һţлԡԵĴ͵ڽһδݻ٣Ҳʹķչһͣ״̬
ͩΨһȱǼǳ𣬶ͩ׼򲻾Сڣ˵ˣǲֶΡȻˣҪرڿʼֲ

ͩһ֮䣬ռ佻ƽ̨֮оͶǧЩһʹõĹŴʽڡ
ʲôйŴ
˵ˣ֮ʹõһϢ洢ּڵʱкܶ󣬵ڵʱǺٳֵˡ
ؾ֮ڵĿռ佻׾Ѿһǧöϡ
˵ռ佻ƽ̨ոտʱҪ֡
Ŀռ佻ףڸտʼʱ򣬸ʿ֮ɽס
Ͼֽ׷ʽʵ̫ˣֱܣְȫ
˫Ҳ֪Է˭ʲô壬ʲôطȵϢһŲ֪еֻǵȼ۽ס
ռ佻ƽ̨ϣ࣬ıǳÿʱÿ̶гɰǧν״ɡ
֮У˼̻֯רŵĲŸעռ佻ƽ̨
Ȼռ佻ƽ̨ҲܵģһЩƧģûҪģǲռģ쳣ϡٵĲϣǿռ佻ƽ̨ϣҲûеġ
Ҫǣռ佻ƽ̨ϣÿһֻ࣬ĽҪʵ֮УЩʵ̼ҹ
ԣǿռ佻ƽ̨ˣҲ̫Ӱʵ֮еҵס

Ĵڣֻʿĸиӷ㣬رܵɢǵĻӭ
ǧöڹչ̨ϣʿĹע
ɢǵӹòãҪԭȱٺõĹûϵͳָһؾһ޴Ĺؿ֪жٵļᶨʿ档
찡¡澭淨ķЩѾʧԪɵôһôࣿ
ˣҹҲҪ򣡡
ƵľȺ̾Ϣ䡣
Ҳ֮УȺĹע
ֻǿϧǵĹעһЩǧڳһʱͱһա
Ҫ֪ǧÿһŶ׼ı
൱һеɱļֵ۸һеɱ
ܹʿǸʿ֮еľӢ
ͩںЩ˭ģҲں˭ȥԿ϶ǣЩһȻᱻӡǣ񲻳ЩʿȻֺܵô߳һǷһЩʿͻܵĽƣѣ


342  鱦
ͩõ鱦Ĳ֮󣬾˹֮һŵǸй֮ǵʦṩģΪ𣬷ֱߡ鱦ɱ
ڳ⣬רŵĲָ
ȻʸˣǾʽϲ䷢ʸ֤ȡӦȨ֮׼롣
ûȨ޵ҲʹãҪշѵģҷò͡
ͩտĴţһλԱӭ˹
Ӵͩ£ˡλԱʺ
ӦĹԱϰλΪߣֻа񼶱
Ҫһر˵ˡ
ЩǹԭסҲǶڹ֮гɳ
ƵС棬С߿Գλ
Ǳжôǿˡ
Դֻķ֮һķ֮һ
֮ԣԴչص㣬ΪֻбԴ棬ܵԪ
Ȼصеص㣬ⲢСûзչˡ
ֻӦģķչƫڿƼо

Ҳ˵ķչǷֳһǼоνչһǿߣķչ
һŹһǿĳ
һ˵ͬʱչĻٶȻ൱ÿһҪѸǿֻѡһΪһΪ
֮еÿһصķչɫܵ˵϶
еΪСʺͷȴΪչֵĿƼǴսƾ߼С˵ѿе۹ȡ
еǿΪʺڷϾ˲ֻһ˵ǿվһ塢ȵȡ
ЩȺΪʲôƽⷢչأΪʱ䣡
ȺĸӻԾŴ۷ֳӪභ£ЩҪ棬ͱ벻ϧһдǿ
ǣķչûнݾϵƽⷢչͬȷķչеĲһˣԶˡ
ҪֲҪĴۼ

͵һӣԶ֮ķչǼǻһһӡǰ򶼱ƽ⣬Ż˻Ի͡
⼸һɸƵ漣֮֮Ԫ֮УһһǿÿһȲ֮
ڵľŴ󳬼ÿһķչֹʧⷢչʵ
ΪӣǴ֮Ԫ֮ͻȻС壬ӵκСһߵĶչΪչΪ
Ϊ֮ĳ֣شƫ룬һӳΪչΪչΪ
ʹʵͣһԪͳΪھŴ۷塣
չ죬ҲʹչشƫͶϲ㡣Ϊһ㣬ԪʱҲûֲ
չ߿ƼҲֻʵ־żߵĳ̶ȣȥûа취ˡ
һƣֻӵУҲڣʮԪʱ⣬ûȫŤתƫ뷽ֲչĶϲ㡣
ȥķչͣͣȻ˶ʢ֮ͻ˥ȥֱš

֮֮Ԫ˲ͬһĳǶɱʧˡ
ûһԳ治ġ
֮⣬ΪΪڲ˥ʧ
֮ʱõǼʮԪǧõʮ
ΪĳЩ֪ԭ˽̣ڣ֮Ȼ档
һķչͺһķչһǴӵɳʢ˥䡢ٵһ̡
ܹһֱͣǰչ
ʵ֮ʹᱻⲿضϽ̣չͣһҲ䡣
ҲãչҲãˮۣˡһˣԨȥʬ޴氡
ԣķչŻֳͬʱУԴȻţǿΪȡԪ֮Ǿ͸á
СԷչΪСܹǿޣټСƣ浮ǿߣԶܳСˡ

ͩ£룡Աͩ˵ּһ䵥ҡҲǷֶ˺͵˵ġ
еʦҲҪ˺ġ
ͩûô鷳ˣ֮Ϊ豸ȽΪͩҪһΣԼ󷨷
ȻС棬תɺͱԴࡣٳֵʱ򣬶ֻ֣СһЩѡһ£֮ǲԼСת
Ʊ鱦ǲҪڱԴƣͩѡɽٳɵĻûǵڱԴ֮ڡ
ͩҪ鱦ӵһʯ͹˵ģҪϸġ
Щϣͩ˰˰֧꣬һٶͨɱǧ鱦ľ޴ۣ߿Ƽ˾רҵʿ
ҲҺãؾĵرвٳϵռϵҲ˳
Ͼÿһؾʿõһռ佻״ġ
ӵпռ佻׾ʿȻһǧ֮ޣ棬Ⱥֻ˵ֵһᡣ

ʵѣֻҪͶһ¯ռ䣬ЩϻᱻԶ֮УǿĲʡ
ҪںʯȾɵüǿĲ⡣
ɱƣΪʺͷ棬еķҲָɱ֮еĽͨս֮Ĵڡ
ʼΪҪΪû㹻Ĳʾ޷㹻ǿͨ
ǣһɱĲ´ﵽϵɱĲҪ󣬵еͨȻͨɱĲΣôɱҲȻͨɱ
Уȱһɡ
ͩı鱦ӵҽĹܣе֮ͨʱӣȻΪΪأͩ·ݻӦͨ
ôı鱦Ϊʺ˷ӣܹΪָһ֮·
ǣ鱦ƣһ²ܳ˵Ϊˮƽı鱦ˮƽ¡£˵ı鱦ܿͨ鱦ȴ䱸һϵõɱʱı鱦óʵսþͲˡ
ͩȴһͩı鱦ǵһεĳж컯֮ԣļͩΪҪһ

ͩڰ񼶱ӵһͨɱı鱦Ϊı鱦μߡ
ܹ߳һı鱦Ѿ൱ǿˣ˵ˡǷ¶ġ
Ǿ߽
Ȼǵһεı鱦Ϊƹȫ͵ķ
һеġ֮УǧֱƷǣֻ̡̹ᦡӡ̫ͼʮ
ǰļвأ˫Ƴ֮ͳһպѰܹٳһ
ֻеʮ֮ȫܵһȫҲһȱ㣬ǾܱỴֻ̄ӣ̹ᦣ̫ͼ
ԣʮƳ֮ʱԽ׵ģֻܱͬȫͷȱڣ֮УӶݺͲڵһλ
⡣
ԵǺ˵ģͩƴ˱ʱһνգʮֺ˵Ūһ߽ռԴ飬ʹһ
ֵͩõһ߽ʯʮȻֻһ

ʮֻͨɱģһںʯɹͻ˳ƽΪеɱͨݻ˵һηǳ׵ɱ䡣
ͩܵõĺôɾʹˡ
һͩɽٳɣıȻΪϵɱһϵɱٺٺ٣Դ棬ͩδȥã
һͩΪλʮͻΪɱ
ӵɱʲô
һɱѹһ֮ˣ
ͩţϴҲӵһɱѡȻٶҲܶ
ͩӵһϼĹɱĻڱԴߣǼԪҲûӣ
ͩԺĵ·Ϊһεߵøƽ̹˳ʮͩĳɵ֮ǻ֮
׶δ鱦Ҳһִǻ֮еĻ
ɵʿ˵ﶼҪģҪԼ޵ı鱦

ͩռĲ϶ǼΪĸ߽ײϣҪһһǼΪʱͷġ
¯ռǿһĽôҲøɣһҲҪµ߰˸²Ȱɣ
ͩǰ׼ʮĽģǧԼġ
գۼ䣬ȥˣͩŽʮĽʼġ
ĵͩٶʱ⡣
Ҫ
ۺĵرƷﵽ֮󣬶ʱ䣬ϡٲ˵ҪԲס
Ȼֻ֣ࡣ
ͩԴ˼ΪأΪͣǴָ״̬˰ʱ֮Уͩǵһκľ췽֮д洢ĺԪ
Ϊ˱֤˳Ϊжϣͩر˶ʮʱΪ췽洢Ԫ
ԪľĹ֮Уͩķõ˽һϴԪõ˽һĴ
ЩƷĹ֮Уõĺô֮һ
رһΣͩ˵׼һǧ꣬һǧ׼ϣԼˮƽԼȵȣΪ˻˰˰ٶʱȥ鱦ĲʣȻûؽ⣬ʵϣ׶ΣȻǴ׼׶Ρ


343  Ӷ֮
ײϣɲС
ͩеײϣͨռ佻ƽ̨ŪģһǴȺ֮жһġ
ǶһײϣͩȺ׵㼸ȫȥ
ȻͩҲи߿Ƽ˾ⷽĶֻǰ˰ٶȥˣһײ϶ûҵ
ײϾԿƺϡ֮˵֮ƤĤڵĲϡ
浮֮ʣسֶ֮ԴֲϣֻÿԪ֮ܲɼ
ÿһԪʱǵС֮лǾ˼ҼԪ֮˽ˡ
֮Ƥָһ鵮ǿޣЩλ񣬻Ǳ
ѪҺΣѪ׹ǣλ׼Ĳϡ
ԣЩǻȺչ֮󶼱ɱɾˡ
ȻֵĿ϶ٲ˾Ŵ۷壬Ҳֻǲٶȷչ
Ĥڿɾ͸ˡ
֮ʱһĤڲкԪ֮ʱԴһЩĤڲкһʱ仯Ϊյ汾Դ֮С

ԣһļԪ֮Ҳ޷ռԴĻĤڡ
ұԴĻĤҲͨײϣӦ߽ķˡ
һ˵ĻĤָСĤڣҪõֻҪС档˵ˣֻһλԪ֮֮СŻұлõĤڡ
ţò˵ǰֱ鱦̫ˡ
ļܹԱǰֱ鱦ǿ󣬵ǲʺϾһֹһ
ͩϵײϣӿռ佻ƽ̨ϵõֶڽΪͨײϡ֮ݻɵ𾫺̺ױ֮飡
ȻͩȺһĻĤڡ
ͩȺ֮оȻִ˵еϣɵþһ£Ҳ֪ŪģѵɵһλԪ֮ɣ
˵ʵͩڿĤ̻֮Ѿ޴۽һΪֻܹа˳ϵİգںʯ

ȣһ𾫡
ӵ㹻ķ߶֮ڣʮǧٿǳ֮ˣǿӳ¯ռ֮С
Ҳ
̷ֻǳѡ
𾫲֮ڣȻ־ʮϴͬʱΪ췽Ԫ֮󣬼顣
ķ澫ķȫһ
ˮַܵһһ
ǰ񱩵ķʽɣֱڱ֮飬ױ֮Ϊϴʡ
Ȼڴ֮ǰ֮ڵ˺ղƷͩתһöָ֮С
ڱ֮кȻʮ㱦Ŀռ䣬ͬʱһĩٵ״ڲױУ
ⲻͨױ֮ʱͷŵԭʼױӵп֮
ͩתһԪ̻ʮܹıױ֮ݻ٣
ò˵ǿͿ£һ鱻ĻԱʲô黹Ҫǧ򱶡
˵һױͬʱҲһһ;ɱֵһϵɱ

ǰͩɲڲ
һλʮĽġǧġټ𾫵ںϣʹĲϵõ˾޴
ҲбףôںϣȻⲻ˻ʣͬʱȻνΪ˱ʱĲϲ̫ǿʸⲻ˵ġ
ͩѡһźѰѾԱһڶϴ
ȻԿóЧ൱
üʻų
ܼٶԽؾӨͨȾ
ֱʽϴû̫ʱ䣬ʮ͸㶨⡣
ڵһжûʲô仯ֻǱʵõ˾޴ԲڶɱĲʰɣ
׼ڣˡ
ͩҲ벻Ȼһǧ׼ɣ
鱦ƵڲĿʼ
һ÷Ϊ¯Ϊ𣬽ʯ߽

ͩڴƵģʵַƱС滹ǱԴ涼һƵġ
ֻͩʶΪһûڱԴã
Ϊһںϣؼ֮󣬷һָԵı仯Ҫȡ汾Դ±Դ֮١
ͩҿ϶ڹĻȡ汾Դֱ֮Դ֮汾ġ
ͨʱҪȡĻпܻıԴ
ϾСıԴܺͱԴᲢۡ
ȡıԴСԣܿһ־޴ĸ˺ҪǷŵԴĻ͸ֵһˡ
ΪͩǾرԴټҲؼһ
뷨ͩͨ洫ؼ翴ĸ롣
ͩڹ֮ǽ޵ûƵģͩöС
ңͩ޵ģεģԻؼ̽ģֻǽҪõ̶Ĵͨġ
ͨ˾޶۽ɵģԲʹãҪҲ򱨸档˵ƾͩڵݵλﲻʹõȨޡ

Ӷ֮ǣӶܲӶ֮ȫӶҪԱӶϵľӢ
Ӷλ᳤Ԩۣ巽֮һһֱӶ֮ǡ
Ӧģ󳬼߿Ƽ˾֯Լܲ
ĳУӶ֮ӶĳС
Ӷ֮֮Уһɴֳ
ǰķɴͣԭأţǽȡҪĴʩ̾һźŴ˹
֮ķɴֹͣǰ˱ſڵXXXXXXXǵıţ뾡ȷϡ
׼ȷǰ
ɴǰֻٶȲûг١
źŽͨͩߣͩ£ǿҪˡ
ţллͩЦЦ˵
ɴͣ˺ոۿڣͩһ˴ӷɴ֮
Ӷ֮ǣͩǵһιȻԼׯ԰⸽ϧһֱûʱ
մӺո۳ͿһǳĿͣڴſڣԱվʿһλĸߴ⡣һλ信â罣

˲ǱˣǶľ׺ͰӢ
ؾ֮Уöջᣬõ˴Դ֮󲻾þͻƳɰȻڶ̶ʱ֮ڽżӴԴһɲ񱮵Ļᣬ̶ʱڣͻͽ
Ѿڵһ֮еĶΡ
ͩþòľ׹Цӭͩһ֮ǵӵ
ͩ겻ɣӢҲ˼֡
ǰнûм˰ɣͩ̾ӽؾ֮ͩûкλˣҪΪͩĻ̫ˣմؾͱ߲͵˹֮ǡ
ɲľ׻ӦߣҴȥׯ԰ɣûȥɣ
ţȷʵˡ
ľ׿뿪˿ոۡ
겻ǵӣͻưҲжʱ˰ɣͩЦк
ţҪΪؾ֮У˱ʺƣٺٺ١ľҲϡ
˵СӵĽǻҪֲڿʮ֮һս񼶵ĸְľ٩٩̸

ܹ֮ͩǰУҪǰһһŶͻƳˣλ˳ǰʮĶһɫսʮ߲㾳硣
ˮƽǰҪһЩȻŻ֡
սϵʮλ֮У곤Ҳʮѡ˵ձͻȻȥʵǰҪһЩǲҪǱȴһ㲻
ǰԴʢİžͷҲʣ¶ˣΪ󲿷ֶѡͻƵ񼶱һؾ֮УЩſʱûбҪȥˡ
ŵĵλȻߣҲȲŽȥ߰
ԣȺŵĵλ֮µġ
ټǿԪҲޣǽ֮ǾԪޣϰ
˭еĿľΪ˳ֻЩǲŻѡѹԼΪۣ߾硣
ͨʿֻҪӵ㹻ʱԹаնɹٵĻѡͻˡ
ǵǣڽĵײ㣬粽Уλͣ
аϣ۵㹻Դȫһַ򣬵ȼ𣬳ɹȻҲһģǲҪ
޵ʱȥȥһܹΪ

ȷʵˣ겻ҺĲ໹ûСӢеƵ̾
ǺǣӢ㻹ûзѾ̬ˣǺԼȥľЦ
ˣ֮ôӢʵͩȥ֮ǵϢȦﲢʲôܣرӢȺѣռ֮ʱҲһ
УѧΧ֮Ҫʤǡ۵ΧҪǿöࡣͩһ»ش
ϻ˵Сͷǳѡľײ췴
ţ˵ΪСĳޣǿ߼ټ٣󲿷ֶϼԪʹһȺϹŶǿߡӢ¶ȵĹâ˵
С氡ҪҲһԼСͺˡľһĽ˵
ΰ㣬С棬ǶڼԪ֮ĸѼԪԶҲӵԼС档Ӣҡҡͷָһı飬شľ׵
ѽҸ㣬۰ͷ̣Ī˭˵Ҷľ׾ͲܳѼԪΪԪ֮ľƵشе


344  ʮʱ
ѼԪÿһʿռ룬رЩȺϵͳǡ
λ죿Ӣʵ
ʮĸʱҾҪ뿪λҪǴһЩ˽£˿»Ҫع֮ؼҲ˵ͩشûϸ˵ԼҪȥ
㻹ͦæġľЦԵ
ٹǧ꣬ͣսЭͻʱǾҪսˣҵһ⣬Ҫܾͩóļɱͨɱأÿ˾
ʲô˼Ӣü˵
ֻѵһѣѵǲҵѣͩʵ
ҲգܹóļɱϵĴ϶ٰɣ˵ˣһǿߣǱ߻ȫͨءľ׵ɴ˵ʵؾǲʥΪҲֻΧ䣬ҲΧ
ΧҲֻżһͨɱЩɱҪôἫΪңҪô֮ͱõļһˡ
Ǽǧ֮еջ٣ȴû˭ܹõһͨɱ
ͩȴͬˣҲ֪սϵǣҲǰټͨɱϣƵϲƴ֣ЩǣͲҪս˻ˣʼȫĵس񾳽硣

ΪǺͶľ׵һŲͬǻ϶Ⱥս˻꣬ѾǸþ񣬶ҸĥҲĥòˣǱޣΪ׼ˡ
ʵؾ֮ǰ󲿷ְŶѾǵ֮һֱȺսϷսΪǾΪӴľһ㹻ϧԴ
ͩסԼҵׯ԰ׯ԰ռĶ˹ܼ֮⣬˾ռʿЩʿǴ½ģǶԸ֮гࡣ
Щ˵СϴĲˡ
ϣͩԼҵׯ԰һͬ챻ѡеǡ
ڶ磬ͩ뿪ׯ԰ͨ󣬵½档
ͩݵȡһҵ˵ɴԿƵȫԶ߼ɴA+ɴУٶȼΪ졣ҪǷɴϸСͼԶϵͳֻͩҪһĿĵأɴͻԵĿ֮£ԶĿĵء
ͩȷʵǳ½
ͩȴû·ѡ˸һ
ɴڴȻ涴֮󣬵һͩѡһĺϵ
ϵһźеֵ֮⣬Ƕʯ򣬶Ҹ߶ûЩ΢Ĵ㶼ûС

ʵҪ˵Ҳȫ޼ֵԿ϶Щϣô˵Ҳе֮Ķ
ֻ̫ˣĿǰûȫд½Դ˵ЩƫԶˡ
ȻЩǴĽ֮ڣòţԺҲ
ЩԱ˵ʱǼߣǶͩ˵ȷʵܴŵĺõط
ͩѡһ½
ΪͩҪκηʩŲ֪Ļϡ
ָͩеļλ֪˳
үүȼŮƺ
ͩһںնѾ˳ͻƵˣ˰׶֮ÿһӵԪʱ䡣
׼һǾΧΪҾ令ɡͩȻΪʲô⣬ΪԷһͩǾù缸ŮΪԼϾҲǰżĸ֣䱸һͨɱӵв׵ʵ
ǣŮӦ
еòͩˡ
ͩѡһĿƽأʼ

һΣͩҪƵĶ̫߼ͨٿԴЧͩľʯǸ߼񾧣ҲνƷ񾧡
һöͨ񾧣½Ѿ൱ˡ
һöƷ񾧾͵һöͨƷ񾧡
ͩõ˽ʮ֮࣡
ʾ޿ܹͨܵģҪͩӵпռ佻ƽ̨ƹߣҷ񣬷ʹͩʦݣҪʾ޿Ҳһ򵥵飬ͩԸʣ಻ͨɱ
˵ǹվܹתġ
鱦ǼΪ飬ҪĴҲߣû㹻ΪٸҲûá
ͩʮʯ󷨵Ĵ
Ȼ˳ЦڿԿʼˣ
ͩϵ˷š֮ش
һһӴѹ𣬼Ϣ֮䣬Ʊɫر任
֮£κͼ֮̽ص鶼ҪٵĿ顣޵ɵ飬ˣ
ٵʽ࣬ΪͩõǷ֮Ȼ
׽١١١
ͬһʱ̱
ΪһεǿӦģҲԽǿ

һܺ⣬ͬʿһ񣬸ȹ̣һͻƾšһƽӹ֮ǿܹͻֻ֮һͨλ
ȣȻǰߵҪȺǿöࡣ
¡
׽Ǿ׽٣׽֮еļΪı׽٣רǿ֮˳ɹߣõܴǿ
پȻǽ٣˻˷֮֮ףκͼʿ˳ɹߣõӣ˼
٣˽רԪ˳ɹߣԪ徻
ȻԷ٣һε٣ǿڻ̽٣
Ϊ̽٣
׽ټӽټ٣ں֮Ǵ˵֮еĻ̽١
׻ǱȾ׻Ҫһȼ
˵׽ٻҪϱȥӲĻǾԲմȾģֻȫȥ١
ٵһģֻһͬ൱ǿ֮𣬴ع򣬽ɵֻҪմһ㣬ɡԣһմȾһ˿Ҫ١

һ룬Ҫͬʱֲֵֿ׽ٺͻ٣ѹжκʿһ֣ѾǾһˣ˵֡
٣ȻԪƻûٴ󣬵ȴҪµö֮࣬£ʿԪռʿħþ
һ£ֲ׽ٺͻٵͬʱҪֲֿ٣޷רģ빥ɽ֮˻Ƕôգ
̽٣ֻл̫֮֮ʿŻʿһ֮Ҳδһ˿Զɹ
ɹߣ˵ʿɹ˶˥ǲġ
ɲ߻Ϊһңҷ
νһãһ
ʱ򣬶ɽٵĲͩʮ
ͩһȻǽ֣аϲ̫ˣȻǴҲͩΪܹ¾Ͳˣ벻ȻǸһĽ
Чѣ
ͩңҺ֮ǰ˴ϴĲʣиǰ𾫡ͻĤױ
ǰı֮£˵᲻ֱܴӱٵ

ѾΧȼͨ巢죬ƺۻ֮С
ٽʯ뱦һھ׵Ĵ֮£˲˼仯
֮£ʯ˲仯Ϊһʱⳤӣ̺ʱ£ˢʱöԲ֮С
ʱײֱԴ֮໥ڡ
ͩ棬ͣʮסܹ
ʼҵı仯
ӵһ㿪ʼͨı仯ֱ仯ӵһӣݻɣνǶ֮֮
һǾžŰʮһ֮ãͩ洢췽֮еķڶ̶µʱ֮ھõĳϣ
ȵ֮ǰһˡ
ɹȴ൱ʱƣʯѾĿռԴڣΪһ壬ܹͩԼı鱦֮еõϢٹʮ죬˱ܹʽˡ
Σɹˣ
֮ı¾ͲܽʮˣǸĳΪʮʱ

ĶȻˣʱ򣬹һ
㣬үͨȽı£ۿٴζ̾
ǰȻڲͬǺЦ
Զ֮⣬һʮּҵĴ򶷣֮ܳΪ򶷣Ӧó֮ΪսŶԣ
ǧǼսн֮ײ׻ʿսĶսڡ֮ĸ߿ƼǲضԺ䡣
սǳҡ
ЩսʽӦͬһʽսнҲ˵пܳͬһҽɡ
ʱƣһսнѲ󽢱ݻ٣һƣԽԽԡ
ԼˣǺԪ˧֮һһսϹ
ʱȴԵ൱Ǳ
°һҿٷӦ뿪սѾƴȥ¹ӶӲȥġ

ԼվһλͷعڣףŹĽŮǺĴҶ
ԼԪ˧Ԫ˧λͶȣشܹӵȥλ¶һ˿Цʵ
ǰһͳȫķչ߳򣬽ϵǿ۹
˭ϵĺ۹һҰĲأ
ʼһֱûУûнӴˣǵļΧҲֻܰںϵѣһǣʮſǡ
ƽ̫ãټϻʵۻӹԺΪȫƶȣ»ܣҲΣǿϧȴܲסһλ۹Ұ͡
֮Уֻλ۹һŮ۹鳤еͷԣʱ˳ĸĸѾˡ
£۹ֻʣһˣѪ˭û·Ϳһ·뿪ɡԼȰ˵
ǣˣԼԪ˧أҶĵ


345  
·ģֻҪ£ĪҪ뿪ʱԡԼ˿ڻشϾ̫ˣظʲô˵ȥ
ǡҶɵ
ҪˣҪץͷӡֻţϣԼ˴ϵ⻰Ǻ˵ģĵ̣ԼǱǼ򵥵˵ûûģ
ȵһʼ׼ңֻкұˣЩǱ͵Ȼʱƶš
ˣԼԪ˧أһҪšҶҲΪоϵػش
ģͷھл˼ʮ꣬ҪץңôסԼŵ˵漴뺣ҶԺϵطȻ˴źҶ뿪
һں֮УٶһĿٷӦսսԴõǿɿغ˾۱似ӵзǳ־õĺʱٶȣӵмǿ״
岻󣬳ԼףҪʮԱϱҶĻҽˣɴĸ֮󣬿ٳȥ
Ԫ˧Ѿ뿪ʲôʱ룿ӵĸٿʵ
ʮӣԼԪ˧һ£ǰΣֻʮӣȻǲܱ롣㹻ӳȥԺҲٶɽ

Ԫ˧ˡĪΪʲôӦȵҪһ·ߵڣٿʵ
ܹΪһλԪ˧ĸ٣ʣԼԪ˧ĸŻʵô̹ס
Լ˳̾һûϻش
ܹԪ˧λã֮۹Ȼ㲻ϺڰǻҵĻӹȴˡԼԪ˧۽ǻۣ᲻Ļҳᱻȡ֮
ݵλԼλã˭ȡλãò£
۹ľȨһ붼Ԫ˧УвȨȨҾƺ⣬СȨȨ
һⲿȨͻᱻգλΪĻ£ҰĲȻȡ֮
֮ǰļ඼ûҰģȨҲͰˣû˸ð֮Ϊ˭֪վⲻˡ
Ԫ˧֮УֻԼԪ˧壬ѫԻģټóӦȥо޴ĺôʵֱ֤ס

һ»ҵ𣬱Ȼһ׹𣬶¹ֻϹΥ
Ϊƹ֮һԼԪ˧ῴƣ
ңҲҩɾȣײԼƹ֮еĵ̻ǴڵġȴıҶ£ַʽᵽ£Ͳȹֻ̡ҪõպҶǸһ·ǲܵ顣
ʮӺԼԪ˧Ȼ콢սˣһĵΣ׷

ʮһգʮսƴ׷һһģһսǧѡ
룬ٶȫĿս˵̫
Ҷ򾲵վ֮УһӫĻʵ޶ӳ֪ô׷ǵģ
ҽĶӳҲźҶȫǡ
ҽǻרıڣרŸҵİȫΪȷѵʱ׼ȷԶŻҾۻĹϵͻȻϮƾŻҽͻʹķǿĻٶ༸ҲԴ
£²²ܿ׷սźšΪǵ۹ʽս֮һΪԷһر˺ţ÷׷١޻شʵҲ˵벻Ȼġ

ԴǰͻȻ׷ҧסһֱҲûа׷١
ɶ񣡡Ҷŭ
ǰͻȻ⵽涴ĳ֣ݷӦһֺ涴ĳλԱ㱨
涴ֶȻĴڣҶҲ˵涴ں۹ĺʷϣֳ涴ֻΣм¼ֻΡ
涴ĳ֣ȥ֮˴ʧ٣Ϊֳ涴֪ͨᱻͶԶҪǣֳ涴ڵʱҲޣʱʧ
һ룬ͨ涴涴һߣ涴ʧˣȥҲ޷ýǻһЩԶǾĻʧ֮УܿԶҲҲȥ·ˡ
ȥҶϵ
ڵ׷ҿǰѲ˵׷䱻ץ֮һ
ǣɴϵλһϵˣ׷ץϣһһΣ
ɴ˳涴ʧˡ

׷ܿ׷
潫ǰͻȻֳ涴Ӧͼʾ߸ûκγ涴ڣݷܿһ涴׷ٵźҲжϵģжϣӽ涴֮У뽫ʾ¡
ʮҿٷӦս׷ȵĸƽ
ɶ񣡡ֻܴض㣬ɲ涴ȥ֮ϣĿܾǹȥˣҲزˡ
涴ֱʧΪֹõδɲˣҼʹԸ⣬µҲδؿϰ
ڴͬʱҲҪϢȥ֪ӡ
Ժͨżﲻʱͨţʮ룬ô׾ϵϣ
˴ԼСʱǱϢ˹ڳ涴ڣκ˴ӳ涴ֱ涴ʧΪֹ
һ֮УҺò׷ȥɾͲˡ
ؾ£⵹ʲô⡣
һʮսͬսǧٱ˿

涴ĺҶɾͲôˣ涴֣֮ʧΪȶڲ֪
еսܵ˼š
ֻ֮еĵԲͣƣһʽؾ棺棬棬Ϊԭ򣬷ɴֳ½
ҷɴھҵزɴȻҲܡ
вΪɴľһζˡ
˲֪ãɴּҪٽʱڳ˳涴ɴֹͣ˾ҵĻζ
£û°ɣԱǱޱȵվ˺Ҷ
ҿڴλãǿưȫ˿
Ҷȴͷۻ˳
ð죬ָشû£ҷġ
ޣ찡ʲôͻȻ䣬һλԱȵش
ҵĿת˲t˳ʶһĻ
ǶȿȥԿһһž޴ִ֣Ҳ˼Ҫķѡ
Ѿʼķˡ

˭ûǴûм׾ܻٵһġȻûд㣬ͨ򣬵СҲкǵ֮һңô׸ˣ
ܲܰѲtľɫŴҶʵ
ӦÿԣֹѧŴʲô¡
ܿ죬ĻϾͳһĻ÷ɴ֮˶ĿɿڴһĻ
֮£Ա߾ȻһվڰУƺڱȻʲô
ѣغҽӿӶ
⻹ôǿ󣿶ôܲκλƾվ֮У
ڴʱĳλԱȻźŽ룬Ӳӣ
ӣҶϻش
һôģ
⻰ںҶ˵Ķͳһѡ
ԲԡҶǻش
ԭźŽҲΪȣһֱûʲôӦ״ɨǣȻͻ˷Ӧһҿȥǳͨķɴƾճٹ֮⡣
ɰһΪʲôء

˫һӴȻԲͨôܣԼõĿͨﰡ˵ãҲãΪ˵ҲãܳϵĲͨ
ǶԷǵͼǻпͨ
еȻȲͩ䣬ҲǶĸܱǿͩӹ֮͸ǵġ
СǣɨԷɴҿԷ빦ܡ
ɨ迪ʼĸܻش
֮д洢˺ķǻϣ
Ѿ鵽ԷԶΪķ֧ͼܵıκθߵ֮˲ýǵ̡ͣһ£㱨Է뿪ɹԷ롣
Ľ򼫹㣬ϵŲٵͼмЩ֧չġ
ƽʱй涨׼κθߵ˻Щͼչ򣬸ǵ̡
Ҳһж涨ģΪ֮һū⣬ٲӻǲūӻץЩԭʼǵͼΪū
һǽһܹ˵ġҶĵĸɣҴġ

ЩȻΪ𲽴ԭʼᷢչ
Щ֧ҲΪ֮ǵķչΪգȵ㹻ǿ֮󣬾ͻǽĴ֮ͥС
Щ֧еչΪеչΪвͬʽ࣬ķḻĿƼչ
ֻеЩչĴ֮ͥ󣬲ʸ֪Ⱥİء
ʵҲһĽṹڲҲø߼мͼ֮֡
ǿΪ֮ڵеͼṩҲŵǵ̣չ߼֮󣬾ͻᱻɽĴͥҪΪṩƼ˲Żš
ٴοڵôģ
ɴĴԱǿɾ;ˣ˾Ȼ˵
ǲþȣõԷ빦ܡͨѶƵ֮ǵľش
ʱԷ룿⣬ҲԣҶˣǾּǾȶԷȻкϣֻҪ˫ϣּѡ
ǻûлشҵĻ
Բͨ涴ɳģҴҶɵһӷӦ˹ԼͻȻȻײ˶Էĳ£ҪǲϽ壬롣


346  
ҲգǴԭǣκ춯ȻЩ˳֣ЩҲκΣв
ͩǱߣĹѾеβˣӽڳɹ
ԽʱͩԽҵģȻڿȥʯں൱˳ͩѹҲ
ŰΪѣôġ̡ƾһ֪֮ˡ
ͩķ췽ܹ֧ȥϵľԽ൱޴󣬿ǿ̵־Ҫȥ
ڰʮ£ڰϸϣؾҲмҪɢܵĸо
ನɱɢȥӵľ·ʯ
һ֮£Ľ̼ӿ죬ҵĵȫʯѾ˵غˣ̫Ʈȥ
ɽ緢Ҳڳʱ״̬ӦѾʼˡ
ͩĽѾһƬĩվ
ͩɵԼһ򣬷Ҫڷ½ĵطܿغ
䡪
һ£ͻȻ͵رըһը串൱ġ
ͩ׵壬ǾڲΧ֮ڵġ

Ҷһ𾪵ؿһôըˣʵ˵ǵһμʶһıը
ⳡʵ̫ˣ
ǿҲôشݻһ
ը壬ɱǺεȿ£
ޱȵǣǸڱըĵӾȻڱը֮󻹺ˣ͸ӵ߸Ҷһ˵ĳʶˡ
⣬ôܣȻһҲûУˣ񰡣
찡찡ۻ𣿡
Ǵ˵еʥ𣿡
ɴϵûһܹ侲ģһ⣬ȫ߸ʶһĻŵˡ
Ǵ֪˿棬֪˿ǿֵزйѵĻҽǣҲֻڹϵĴ˵֮ʥ˵
ڰʮһһδ¡
硢٣ȻŰԷֽıʱǴ˳
ڷʵı仯
ͨƷͼڱ仯ݻֱ仯ͩ˵кл
ôȻչͩķչռ䣬֮;ӹ
ͩҪܳһʱ͸µĵ;

䡪һ¡
ѾٽӦýʱϡ
ڳػ֮󣬺Ȼ֮ųһҫ۵ĹââϸܹʱĳӣռĴ
ķΪΪ档
ʱӿռ䣬ʵһ棡
е׽١١֮ʱմǰɢһա
ͩ΢΢һЦл˱ûϲ鿴ǽ븹ڣԵԪ
Ϊϱ仯ͩõɬУⱦվͩı鱦ɬкܿɢˣȡ֮һѪŨˮкͻ
ˡͩ̾һΪ׼ǧ꣬˲ٻرؾջ񣬻϶Ͷ˽ȥֻʣϵɱղš
硢ࡢŮͩѾˣ͸˹
ϲɹ鱦˵˵
ǰ򣬹ϲˡӿڵ
ϲү÷񡢾յŮͬ
ϲүû˹ϲ
šͩЦݣõصͷӦȻ൱

үǱߺȻһҷɴҲһ£ǳ·ߡ㱨ͩ
ߣȥƣ˵ز˾˴£ҲҪ뿪ˡͩ˵գһ֣һݹ⣬Ůڿն𣬳Ҷķɴȥ
ӺҶǵĽǶȿܹؿһŹâǷپѧĻ֮ͼʾȻ֮зУ
Ȼ˿֮вκУ
˼顣
Ǵ˵е𣿡
ǵٶȣֱǵķɴҪ찡
ףôˣ
ĻԼt֮⣬˶ͩ˵Ӱ
𣿡ȻӿҵĳǶȴ
ѰȥһŮȻϢ֮
еӢ䲻Ůɣһֲʵĸо
ͬʱһ˲ԾҪĤݵϸС
ʲôˣ𣿡Ҷʵ
ҪţǶ࣬ǿ԰ɸߵ࣬ǳˡͩһЦƵ˵

Ȼˣǲ¶
ˣߵ˶ôǿ𣿡
ֻǳ𣿡
һʱ֮䣬֮еĴԱͻҽǶ۷׷
ҽкҶ۹۹λʺáҶԹʺ
ҽͩҵļˡͩ΢ЦŻش
ʣߵ˶ôǿôĻôֵأҶʵͩĻ֮˿ԷӦûж⡣ԶԷֳǿʵжĻòźǶϻġ
ҲȻǸߵˣҲǿģ㲻СҲ㲻ǿ󡣸ϢԲˡ޷ͣΪĹ涨ǵķչչ˲롣ǵһʸ̤߼УһȻ֪ǣѾǵٻȥˡЩϢҲй¶ֺͩͳػش
ֲûзֹĴڣԭǽӴҶͩĻ̾
Եͨ涴ߵϵĳԵ֡ǴȥأǴǵҽߵͩʵ

ǻܻȥ𣿡Ҷ˵ʵ
ȻķλܹҵǻȥͩͷӦûдţЩ󳬼еͼͩȨޣҪ鲻⣬ͩҲƻزֵͼķչ͡
ǻǾ뿪ɡͩѵ
Ŷõģ豸ϣȷ֮󡭡ҶҪ
ô鷳ҵĺˡͩһ֣ɴʧ֮Уֻͩһˡ
ȻͩóԼķɴɴٶȣʮϢ֮󣬷ɴ볬ռ䣬ٵʮѸ뿪ϵǳŷ½ȥġ
ȻķɴȻܽ볬ռУҪ뿪ϵҪãЧ̫ˡ
ķɴ֮УͩˣǹȼŮС
ףأҶʵ
ɴľɫͻȻһ䣬Ȼһ߼ʵͨԭ
ֱ仯𾪵һȺˡ
ղŻռ֮Уһգ۾͵˲ԭϣҲѹЩ˲ˡ

ôգۼ䣬һжˣٴԱ׷ףһнǵĸо

԰꣬Ҽү˽˶֮С÷վ˵
ͩɴ˼涴һϵ֮С
ͩʱ䣬˺ͼλڡ
һȻ֮ңҲ̫Զ
֧ڣڹͼ֮УǲڵģҲ˵һСϵǲڵġ
ûһȨ޲鵽ʲôĻһ£ҪײطֺǱ½ƱҪѣ
ʵ̫ˣԶ뺽ûĿԵҪҵĳͼǱȳѼԪҪѡ˹ʺˡ
ԣ棬ǲж˴Ǳ
꣬Ҳգ͵Ƿģ°ɡͩѵ÷ģԲľ롣
ͩһ˶ָԶ뺣Ҷķɴ֮С
˿̣Ҷ͹硢ࡢȼŮĵ÷ǳϷ÷񡢾յŮһ̺š
ߣǸǧУԸҪԻһЩԴʱ˺Ҷľ֮󣬱ֵǼ
ʲôĵôͩȻǰ

ġͩ͵漴ǰ˵˳
ͩһ룬˹Ϊʲôôˣ̫ͩϡ飬˵ˣ飬ÿ춼֪ᷢ١
ֻҪĹȣȨĸǷǳġ˵ͼĻȨˡ
࣬˼æͩޱʵ
ǵģʲôȣ˵ʲôػش
˼Һ۹Լ飬ЩȨ֣Ҳܲ֡ͩҡͷҲôͲҪˡ
Ҷ̰λǲ޹ȵĹƻٲ֮ءҶڵ
ǫ̂ΣǵУ޸֮ΣңǺʧ˻λҲǾȡԹ˰ɣͩʵʵ˵
˵úܶԣҼʵۻӹ޿ɺǡǣ֪Ҹʡүү̫үүȼʵȻ£Ҳûп񣬺ȣȴһĴߣҪı۹ƣΪҶµ۹ĻȻ͵ڵΥǿ϶෴ԣȵ·񣬳ȥѹǿ϶ģǸʱ֪ж޹ڲҶ˵

ıҶλλ֮󣬱Ȼϴж޹֮ɥͥ顣ƵĹǣȻϷһսⲻ˵ġҶ˵ؼ
мֵֺǺθɣͩ޸㷴ʵ
⻰ѺҶƲϽ֮ǰĻ˵
ѵĿͿ̿޷ͩĮ
ԲܹľصĹȣ˶ѣҲܲⷽ顣ͩҡҡͷش
һչؾǧ꣬ôʱ䣬֪˻ȥͩĮ֮
Ⱦֵ׺ݣ˲ãҲѡ
侲һ룬ʱ䣬Ҳͩ۴ʱ䣬ͩΪʲôҪĪȥһĻȨ棿ѵΪһʶûõŮԴǵؼ䲻ɵĻѪڵȥͼ
ˣǲܵ飡ܹЩ·ĸȥѾͩˡ


347  ;
ͩ͹ȼŮӶָ֮˳
ǿŷɴɣҪչϤһı鱦ͩ˵ɴȻƿأһԲʲô飬˿ҲǺõġ
ˣ˷ܵصͷǵһμʻһɴȻЩ˷ܡ
ͩЦЦ߽˷ɴϢչȥˡ
ãλ㿴ΣȻס˺Ҷʵ
˼ǣһ£ЩԵʵ
ûпĻλǿ֮˵գգ۾
Ϊү檣ʵ
ţǵģλȥұõ˼Ϊ˶֮ĸøι̡̹׵˵
ˡ˵
ǺǣҲôҵİɣһؿ
꣬ѱȣչ
㣬˵£㻹лأһҲߵ˵

ǰ£һͬյĸо
ԵľôǵҲнɣڼǧѾˡ
һ۰Լˣ˻˵㡣
˵öԣȷʵлл㣬ŮⶼҪˣ޸һȻŮҸ¡ҼȻҷ˵λϣȻҪΪԼҷúô㣬ʵŮ̫ˣѵýһܴ¾ͽȥˡ󷽵سϵ
㣬ź𣿡ʵ
ߣʲôӣ㻹֪ǼҵλȻзŮţǾԲαƵġԺ󣬵ȵɹ֮ϼȻôȥΪһ壬ΪҪֻǼŮˣȥᱻ˵¯أ絭˵
ţǽ㿼ǵܵͷӦ
ǳС㣬ֹǳ֮һֱӰǣǿȻ顣
Ǵ¾ͽɡӦ

ͩڵķȥ
үԿ𣿡ʵ
šͩһֻ붨һʱ϶¡
Ĵͩһ£Զ˽ڵүûдɣ
ʲô£ͩʵ
˹ȥͩһͩĻƾͩɫʹ
ҪָģǷźɴöش
ŶҪҪְæɣͩ˵ָԸ㣬ǿɲֺܲķչ̡
˵ͷӦ˼֪ˡ
ͩһöָָȡ
ӹָ̧ͷͩһ£վ˵ſڵүɡ˵꣬뿪ˡ
ͩ԰ŹϣȻעתɵıϡ
ò˵ɵıı仯
Ŀռ䣬仯ǲֻ̫µʱһ൱ЧãǾӦĳһռ֮еʱ仯
СΧʱ٣൱ġ

ͩʱܹʱʮһ֮䣡
ҪٵĿռ䷶ΧԽСʱٵıԽ
ܣͩޱȵؿģΪʡ˴ѵʱ䣬ѵʱ䣬͵ΪԺͻƼԪ㹻ʱȥͲ
Ȼ˵һǱչؾܹյóġ
һ仯ǱͨˣñǰҪ£ͩҪ²
ⲻʲô⣬ǣͩͨ޷ñռڵʱסġ
ͩԭЩ˷ܵľȴһ¡
ȻҲûʲô˵ģ˷ʱԺоط֮ͨĿԷŵռ֮ڣʱΪԼס
ͨ˾ͰˣҲûʧʲô
ͩĵʮ˵ʮ㵽ʮ㡣
ǰʮͨӦ£ʮ㵽ʮȻӦ磡
Ҳ˵ܹͩʮ㱦ͨ£͵ڳɾľ磡
Ǳ鱦֮ˣֱʿеָ·ư

ʿڳһ̿ʼ̤һһ޶ĵ·ÿһԼķչ·Ϳλȥھ򿪱ˡ
ֻˣܹҵԼĵ·һֱȥЩʿĴܡۡͨߣ
񱻿λľٳ޷ͻƣһΪǵķ򾳽粻꣬һԭΪԼĵ·ò
νԾˡ
Թ壬Թߵķչ·ܹԼһ
֮Գ֮ٶȱҪ죬Ϊб鱦ռ·һ·ָԼͣؽ
ͩʱһ㿪ʼ
ȴ⡣
ںʯ֮ʱ巢˾޴ı仯Ȼ֮ͨУȻ֮ǰĵһ¡
Һ֮ǰĻڣǰʮͨҲԭĻɢݻġ
һ㣬ȴ֡
ͩĲ˼ʱ˳˽ȥı֮ͨȻܹԭеĻµĵزͩǰôҲ벻һ㡣
ͩѾԼطľ顣
ǡƳطڲ֮ͨ󣬼Լ淨򣬽֮ݻط

ͩȴ֣ԼǰĹ붼̫ǳˣԭһܹͨôݻģ
һߣõָ֮ԼϢ֮Уһ˶ָ֮С
ҶԼ˷ɴڲԭɢ
ֽ㣬Լҳʲô¾˵ɣҶϾҲǻ㽻ʱ»еģһ˱˴˵Ĺϵ
ʵҲڿǸôڡ
֪λȥ֮ʲô𣿡ûֱ⣬ѡػصİ취ʵ
㣬ʵԼҲڿǴ¡Ҷ̾һλȥǾԲŹҵģټȫұɱޣٲԸ⣬Ҳò𷴿ӣȽһֻһ±ȻдˣҲԸ
սв˵ģҶǱҲɵȥ֮ԼԸ⣬Ҳһƹ漯ŻԼӰﵽƷȣ档
ұһ漯ŵĴ
ÿһ۹ĸ涼µ漯վսϵ漯šϵ漯Ϊ˱ס棬ֻѡ

һͶµĻ壬ԴΪסڵ档
һǷŶԷ㲻ȣҵķ
һѡзգһ˼ұһ漯ŽΧε⣬ͶԷʵģ˼ûлɣȣκ͹ϵԶϣ;Ҫסǳѣ󻹿ܱ֮ٱӲšǾǳıˡ
ڶѡȽϿףҲÿ
ıλڶѡǴƹѡ
ԣҶȥ֮󣬲ɱؾͻᱻⳡ籩֮УΪԼ־תơ
ŵº۹λջ𣿡ʵ
Ҷûϻش𣬶ϸ˼һ󣬲ſ˵Ҳ֪뼴ʹҲ룬Ҳȥ
ǵ͵ڽɼ
һ˶ʿνʿ׷ϵ֮ʿ֮Уʿȼֳɣѡءաաʥ򡢰ȼ𡣾׶ΣҲǷ˵Ľ׶Σ䣬ֳɾŸ׶Σҿ֮ǿһλһλ߼ߣĿһתҶʿĻ

ȻĻסˣȷʵ֪ߵôǿҪ˽ͩŲ˼ôǿġ
ֻҪǾߣܹɵؽؼؼĿʼؼ֮ܽԪ300400ꡣؾż֮󣬾ҪѴصΪռǿߣշУԪ10002000ꡣվż֮ҪƬصΪռǿߣܹ޾գʳԳطӵױȵԪɴ50006000ꡣվż֮ٽһʥ򼶣ܹ÷ּ֮زڻ¡һҪͷԪɴһꡣʥż֮󣬲طշ֮Ԫɴʮꡣһȫһϵķ򣬹ȼ𣬻Ϊ񡣳Ϊ񣬷磬롣˵
Ҷ֮󣬾һ־֮ܵĸоԭϾȻ˲˼顣ʹԼԪϣԻǧ꣬ǱˣྐྵȻշ򣬽룬з硣

һеһѾȫ߸˺Ҷʮۺͼֵۡ
ԭֻȥġ
ԭϣ磬ֻǲΪ֪
ԭԳϣͬ١
ԭͨ˿ƿطӵǿͨ쵸ڻ£ֻһ֮䡣
ҵĺҶСĲٻ󣬶ɣ
Ǻźɶ˵ʵ̫ݳˣѾΪҲͬɼ
Ҷ뷨Ҳڲر仯ʱ࣬ʱȣʱˣʱԥѶ
֪˶ãҶſڵɷϣ֮·ֻȴӱҵΣҲ޷ӱȫұɱĳʹ
һ˿͵۹⣬˵ͷڵ⣬һŮӣˮ˿֮ҼүԣҼү񹦣˫֮£˫кôҼҷҪϼ壬Ը⣿
Ҷסˡ
㲻Ը⣬ǲǿ㣬㰲ȫصԸңǻῼǳְԸ̹׵˵


348  Ҷѡ
Ҷգ˳ĬһŻشҿԿһʱ𣿡ͩУͩǿΰĴڣֻҪŮ˶һĽС
Ҫ˵飬Ǿǳˡ
ҵĺҶⷽ濴÷ǳֶһ˵Ҳ൱ݳ޵Ķҳ֮ⲻʲô⡣
ǣҶϱĶ̫࣬ǲܹŵ¡
ңҲʲô⣬һͼĹܹ޸һߵͨ˶ѾǸˣ˵һλǿʿ
ԣû⡣ͷ˵ҹ㡣
˶ָѽָУɴȥ
֮Уֻй÷
ףأʵ
ĶϢˡ΢΢һЦشǱߵĽеô
˵Ҫһ¡˵
ҲգǰɣϾ¡̾
ĺ£Ҫǣߣڸв֪÷ش

÷⻰ȷʵЩһߵݵλ֪ˣӫµĶԱȡ
ˣ÷Ҫ˵˵Ժҵˡϵ˵ɲԺҺԺ͡
ǣˣ÷Ժ˵ˡ÷ҷǫϴ
һϱ̫ĵӣҲѹ̾
˵öԣҲǳʶãҪҲġ˵
һ͸ɴ
ľ绹൱֮ңԶԪ䳤ȴͬ١
֪ͩԼϱŸԼңרĲʱ̶ͨʱ䣬ͩԾ治ǳ
ͩ˵Сͷɴڳռ֮УٷУԵĿ֮£;ǳƽ
ָ֮УҶüͷվһƬ̵Ĵԭ֮УСʱĸĸ۰ͯĻ֣˹Ƽĳޣǰ¡
һ˵ࡣ
ټǿҲֻһͨŮˣܹͦڶûбѾ൱ѵˡ

ҶԼһ˵ʱĸоޱȵۺͿ顣
˵飬ҶʼĿ
ȣΪŮˣ˵ģ˵λңںҶ˵ǲɽܵ顣
һͨķˣܹһλΪ檣١
ڶȻԷѾҺңڳҵĺҶ˵ˡûʲôܽܵġ
ܣϼҲ֮еĴ壬޽ҿ϶ܿࡣ
ģΪһˣ֮󣬿ԵõĳңһΪԼ꣬ԵõҰ֮
壬ԽҵΪԼ𣬳
ȻҲбס
֮ҪȥȥУ۹һСҲʲô幫ݣһͨŮˡ
ֻݣԼ롢Ҫ
֮⣬֮󣬴ӴԺˣҪʧȥɰ

һº󣬺ϵһʮײСɴֳ֮ոմӳռ֮лصռķɴϣͣ˸â
ϵԺϵĺΪĸǣϵϵҲΪϵǿϳ
ϵΧͱ鲼򰵵״ɨǡǳƵķϵͳͨطǲ׼ͨеģҲ޷ô
ϵͳƾһֱûֻͣҪõľ¿ƼͶͣϵϵͳ
Ϊǣͩķɴ뺣ϵķΧҡڵشϵΧϵͳ֮дЩ״ɨȴһ㷴ӦҲûС
Ǽϵľ޴ˣںĿƼˮƽϣҪͩҷɴֻпֶΣ˵Ŀ⡢ѧԶֶ֮Ρ
ӼҲá״＼Ҳã޷Ĵڡ
ĳϣһηɴ
ϵһźǣʮԼſȻǻһЩʯδɡʮ֮һǣʮſǣʣµĶ̬ǣûпֵ
ϵֱƽԼΪ0.08꣬һǳͨĺϵͬʱҲһԴպ͵ĺϵ

ǣڵǵˣȥѯʺҶһûС
ƯĺǰŮŷɴʾϣɨ֮õĺǡ
ǣˮռ˰ٷ֮ʮŵʣµİٷ֮ʮһ½һŷǳ
ԣ취Է硣
ɨԷ磬ݷС
ݷɹģϵͳճͨ뺣ɹ
Ҳѯһ£ǰΪֹϸϣһŵıҡ
ˣѼ鱨ܿ˽⵽ʱ顣
ԼԪ˧ӣԺһƹ˾һСͬǵһ齨һعȵֱС
ۡϺɡ
˫Ŀˮսûͣ˵˵Ƿ෴ᡣ
Ĳνʾס
˫սûзСģĳͻĦͿʼˡ
žʧԺѣԺɢӵı仯Ҳ൱޴ġ
֮ɱһƬ֮С

˶ָҵ˺Ҷڵǵﺣϵˣ㿼ǵΣ
ѾˣԸݼҡҶĻش൱ôãµ൱оġ
ϲ㣬˴ӽ쿪ʼͽ׸ı䡣ãԺͽһֽɡЦ
ֽ㣬ԺСáҶ˳Ļشһֽеǽһ𰡡
ߣҴȥˡץסҶһֻ֣һݣźҶһʧˡ
ͺҶӶָ֮˳
ʵ̫ˣ̫˼ˡҶֻǰһȻһɴ֮С
Ҷջؽָʵ֮ǰһֱöָ֮𣿡
ǵģһöָж죬ݻ˳롣ش
ϲԺүһöǡ˵
ҶһμʶߵǿһöССĽָȻװһ磬ȺǵҪ
漣ֶΣȷʵúҶ۽磬˲ٵĴͳʶۡ
źҶǰڵؽ㣬ѾӦˡ

ҶˡҶضԹһ
ܹͨòˣӭǵĴͥϼ壬ѾнʷΪһֱʥУǽüһֱУһֻһЩҵ½֮УϼĲҵڹŵϣⲿֲҵΪ󱲵ӵĻءȥ̽ס绺ΪҶҽ
ڷʱ䲢Ѿﵽ˳ٽ㣬ʱͻơǽã޴֮󣬻ָУֻеΪﵽһľ֮ٺͷ˫ޣЧ˵漴ǺһЦóһöҩ˹ȥ
ˣǣҶʵ
˶յһŷ£òµŶı䣬ɱഺפͬղϡ翪˵
ҶסˣҩȻ˵;ͣ
ǹ֪ŮŵõֿɱഺפղϵҩǴû˳ɹ

⣬ˣǲ̫ˣҶе㲻֪ؿʵ
ʵϣϣ˳֮⣬ûһ赲µʴջʱŶ˥ϡ
żûĸ֮¾ӵһʮ֮󣬴˵òͻúͷʮࡣʱ򣬴˳ɾòҲ᷵ϻͯ
ԣֻҪŮˣפյǶյ֮ĵҩǳ⡣ʿҲͬˡ
פյͶյЧϴͬС죬ֻƵĲϺͷһ
Ƕ׶ĵҩۼֵĽ׵ҩ
ҩʦ֮Уٻ˰ʱ˷ֵҩ棬ΪֵҩѰѶȼԱĽ׼ĵҩ
ͨҩʦҩԼΪ磬ҩоϣҲЩбȥоפպͶյĵҩ
͵ˣ൤ҩϡ١ǿռ佻ƽ̨ϣҲûһֻҪһ̾ͻᱻȥ
ֵҩͨͨʿòҲֻͩҵõ
ֻöҩͩģɹƳġ

Ǻǣֵҩ죬ǽѾùˣһöͷ°ɡ΢Ц˵
ǣþ£ֵҩҲǳǼﲢʲôΪöҩǹؽƳģֻҪвϣʱƸٰʮŵġȰ˵
л˺͡Ҷ˵ͷȥ
һöҩڣ˲仯ȥֻһ㣬Ȼֻû̹˷һЩΪ֪ı仯
Ҷˬ˼ȷʵо֮ǰĲ֮ͬˡ
ˣȻѾǰˣ⺣۹δԼŰɡ翪ڵ
õ󣬵ϰֳ˵𣿡Ҷһʵ
չһչҲ֪ǶòŻأС¸òŴԼҲһġҡͷ˵
õİ취ǽеһԳ֣һͼȨ죬ǲֵ𣿡˵
Уй涨ǲֱӲ֣ӲҲ㹻ֵɲСµޱҪǻǲҪȥߣŪûүԵ
˵öԣǿ԰еļӵİæԲֱӲ֣Ҳӳ顣ͬ


349  ߣжԲ
νߣжԲߡ
λ֮Ůôһ˲ҵ˶Բߡ
治ǲ׼ôǾͲ־ˡ
Ҷɲ֮ڰɣ
ľμǿҶʵֲΥĽϺķչ
ҪȨֻһ취ǾƽѣȶһǾƾƽѣ
ҪĿģϾҪбǮ㹻ȽܹսĽ졣˵˵֮󣬿˺Ҷ
Ǯ⣬ҺĻǵУҿԿҲرʽԲ⡣ڱУҲЩƹе˽ڲȶڽ죬Ҳʲô⣬ҿлؾɲҪ㵽㹻ս׵ȵô׵ˡҶش
ľ͹УұҲյУڿ¶Ȼ˸̵һɶˡ
µľأҪ㹻ļ豸Ҫ㹻ĹʦͲҵˣȻҪһԱͿѧ͸άޱҲҪġ
˵ˣҶȱֻһӴĺڱϡ

ɣǿԸƺľ¿ƼȻΪýһӴȫԶıר־ʡЩʶûгĿƼˮƽͲڴ̵˵˵
˵һľ¿ƼȻһȽǾԲκġ
ȫԶֱƿټһЩҵˣ׼һԭϾˡò̫߼ļֻҪļļˮƽ㹻ȫԶ
Щһײϣռ佻ƽ̨棬ʱԲɹһҪж١Щԭ϶սģҲڴһ˵
ãô죬㸺ڶڣڶָ֮УΪôôһڱϵͳһҪԴ翪ڷԸĸŮ֮Уֻⷽо
ǣС㡣Ӧⲻʲô¡
ˣǵļһºõҷɴβҪı䣬ӲˣμرҪٶȡˮƽͰ߼ǡѵ

࣬ں֮ȡúܹӵ㹻Ա֮Լ˵
û⣬㡣Ůͷ
ȻǺҪһܹε˳ȥľɲܼ㹻ĲӺͱмѵ㹻ԤʿȵһʼͿѸװγս粹
ն㸺͸ƺľ¿ƼȻǵļʽٶȣĲƷҲܳ翪˵
취൱֮ø߼ļͼĶٶȻĶڿƼˮƽϲûκ
涨ߵòִϵͼ̡
߼ֵͼȻΪ棬ûĻǳԱ˳ŵĲŻֳֺõ顣
ȴһǲΪ棬ǰҶ𣬶һɺҶ˳֡
ȥ׼һ߼̽ǣҪΪǵĶĿһս²Ҳս鱨˵
ø߼ļռͼͨ鱨Ǽֱ

Ҿеȡ÷ʱڷſڣ̺ҡ˵˿ˣûĻ͸жɡ
ǣС㣨㣩
ģûĶж
÷⡣
նࡢͺҶ붴ָɻˡ
أҪһӴĺڱϵͳ
ϵͳҪ־ʣСһ˫ӣһҳĸܹ
ôḶ́ƾһȻܵġ
Ƽﵽˮƽһй̶Թ̻棬ָӹƿء
ֻҪ㹻ԭϣֻһ̻ˣܹڶʱڽһǳس
ǿƼǿΪʲô֮ҪȥչʲôĿƼˮƽ
ΪƼˮƽԽǿԽǿܹ˿ھԽ࣬˿Խ࣬žԽࡣ
ԣеǿȺ۷嶼ķչ
ȻЩȺ⣬˵ǿվ壬һǾǴ壬չκοƼ

趨һ֮ͽȥ̵Ḷ̌ǴһĹ̻˺Ҷķɴǰʼ׼칤̡
ԣɨɴڲṹѵĸ췽
ܣɨ迪ʼɨȷϣģ鿪ʼԱĻ
ɴϵļ˶˴˷ɴڵƷʹ
Եĸ췽ܿͼ˳Ȼ󾭹רҵ޸ĺΣһ׼˹̻˵ĸ򷽰ɼǧ̻ͬʱ
ȫٶ൱Ѹ٣̶̰첻ɴһѷ
УĺϽǿȲ޷֧ŷɴĳռСףƺûбҪгռи찡ֻҪɴܹǹѲ㹻ˣǹں֮Ҳûκοܱ׷ϡڳռи죬ǹٸҪ򵥵öһ߼һ˼ţš
ҺĿٷӦսҪ׸죬ӱϽзУǿսϽָ֣ɳռзĻܸóõĸֲ

ϵĲϼԽϽļϽǿȺͶȣǹѲ
Ӳ⣬ʼرµĿϵͳĳˮ׼ʹﵽļĹӼˮƽ
ȻͿϡϡβϡϵȵȸ߼ϵںӦá
ɴͶϵͳҲó׸죬Сڸ߼̻˵£칤൱Ѹٵġ
һ֮ȫµĿٷӦս˸칤̡
٣ϵͳ֮УȻźźţҺС¸ҷɴҪһ֣̾ͻᱻ֡̾
һСͷɴĸ൱Ѹٵģһ߹ģӴܺڱϹĽҪѵöࡣ
豸죬ֱӴӿռ佻׾֮йһд޵Уǹ̻˾֮࣬Ĺ̻Եָ֮£²ŽһռʮƽĳõĹ̻ˣ̻¯ɲҵˣһ߼ˮƽǿƣܹʵȫԶ
һ߾նռȽľ¼档

ǺһģıҲûʮϲпܽɣֻ¡ֲֿĽЧʾ˸оֲˡ
һѲ󽢣Ƚ콢ҪһϣһսĽʱҪϣĸҪҡ
ָеıɾͿˣеѲһңһսнʮһңĸһҡ
Ҫǣÿһֲͬ͵ս߶Щ߻ͨãҲ˵Ѳ󽢵ڱҪʱ򣬿ĸ
ּԾͲܹöġ
սս칤칤ȵȣӦоУЧʾΪˡ
Ϊ˱֤ĲϹӦ¶ƽԭϣıͻǧڶֺԭϺʡ
ϣ㹻֧źһսˡ
ڽ֮󣬾̿ʼս߿ʼȫٶȻ¶ƽԭϡ
ָ֮Ун֮һΪ˰ڷЩӵǼٵ
½죬ȫ

Ǵӿռ佻׾֮УٿˮƽĸǣЩǲһֻС۹ܣԱȺҪȽΡ
ǻȫαװܣ֮αװɸʯ֮ĴڣܹйѧΡ
ԶĿƼˮƽǲܷǵĴڡ
ЩǶ˳ȥϵÿһϵһٿǡͨǹϵͳ߼Խͳһ
Ĺ;նҪɣϢǽػ֮󣬷ϵͳ
ĸ鱨б
͹࣬ڴںҶ֮󣬱һֱڸѵֻʱȣ̶̼µʱ䣬ֻӵһԱѡΪ˸õر䰲ȫԺҶĻҽһѵʹǵʵõһ
ޱ˳ȥԼԪ˧ԼڻҵɲǱ
˶жҶߵս׼ѾɣѸٽ

ֻǺҶ׼ӪƹӪ˫ҲڻŸս׼ڲһƬƽȴΪţǷ¥
ָ֮Уս˳͵սµʱ仹γɹģǵս½սһѣ㹻װʮе½սʦ
ĸº󣬹Ӷָ֮˳ǰڵ㣬ʱǲǶһ㣬ָʹҲҪӴ֧ŵģҪʹãҶΪ͵ôﵽռϲʱѺҶΪռϣ
ȷʵһ޴Ļȷʵһ⡣һ¶ͷ˵Ȼ˶ָʹҲҪ֧ŵġ
ȷʵһ޴ìܣս׼ϣ˳İ׼ûǳѸ٣һǽڶָĻϡ
֮ڣսͻᱬƫƫҶΪڶ֮ڴﲻƵʹöָҪ
¹һˮƽҩʦҲڶʱڽһ˵Ϊռϡ
ҲѹֹˣָռԱȲϿռָռʹҪĵķʥͰʿ˵Ŀֵһᡣ
ʲô⣿˵ʱһ˽
ף򣩣ˡؼҽվӭӵ


350  Դ֮
𷣡ͩϴ
ͩһ£Цʵ磬ôˣҪ˵ളˣһܹ⣬ôֵˣ
δΪһ̡˵
ͩҡͷ˵޷һǶһֲͩαӣһ̾Ͷ£ͩѺܱߵ˵ĸԺ檳Ⱥ
ͩҲŹΪԼɵɫ͵ȥ
ף㲻ѺҶ˰ɣͩ˷ɴ֮ϣһ⣬ֻкҶŮӡ
ǡͷӦǺҶǿ֮ΪѵãɫѣʲԲš
֮ҵûע⡣ˣôӦ㲻ǿɣͩҲɵö˶ġ
Ϊ翪ʼΪͩϸʹ¡
ͩޱ£˺һͩ̾ҲգȻѾˣǾôŰɡ

ͩҲ֪ô㲻Ϻķչ̣ӿƼ˵ս߻ĿƼչҹҲõǺзûκ룬ֻʽͨ߼Чʶѡ
һ㣬Ŀ൱ȫ
ǣʷ˵ɾеıʷ̵ζ档Ҳû̫ĸϵ㺣Ҷ֣Ⱥƹ֮սҲᱬΣ˭֪أ
ͩ˵ʱ¶һĵЦݿڵ˵⣬˵㲻ʲô
ɲΪ˴£ǿõľ磬ɲصĺ練ԵΪͩҪĳЩطǿᾳ磬طȷʵڣ˼ֲѣǰ·Ͼ޴
Щطһ㶼ЩһĶ˿̫ãۿԪŻط硣
ҶѾʮˣȻ˵ſʼȷʵһЩϾѾȫˡ
ͩǴ꿪ʼϰ˽ʮʱſϰȻҲΪ֮ͩı춨˼ʵĻ

ô᣿ô˵ҶԺҲԼˣְ취ʵõʱ䲻Ǿʱ㹻ˡͩЦЦ˵ΪѾʱʱ֮Чҿǽǧ꣬粻Źһѡ
֮ϲʵ̫ˣֱͿְ
ܣǧ⴫һþͿˣһ㹻ʵܱ¶ڴ֮ǰǼչһҲûйϵصͩ
ˣΪ᲻֪ͩ΢ЦŻشͩĽ͵͵Ϊֹ֪ӵ˶٣˵֮ʱˡ
Ĵܻ֪ͩЩϸֻǵܹͣתٿʱգͩʱ಻һͨĹɱѡⱦܣ֪ͩ⣬֪˶Ѿˡ
ȥһ£ҲҪҪʱѧͩ˼ҲŽޡ
ͩĽٶѾ൱Ѹˣǽ̫죬еʱҲȱݵģͩҪһʱѧ

ܿ죬ʹͺҶ˹
Ҷɬسͩһ򸣣ڵү
ͩϸؿһۺҶȷʵŮֻ͹ȼ˵һ𷢱ۣɫѩףĸ𱬣ʸ߹š
ͩòϣŮǳĿ۹൱
߰ɡͩһ֣Ůͱս˱
÷ɴͽ㿴ˡͩ÷һ߽Լ֮Ҳһʱ
Ȼռ䣬ԭһжʱĿٵˣ֮ͩ⽫ȪԱߵ¥ָ˹
ȻǰֲһҩѾٵˣָܻˣֲֻ
ץʱ䣬ȥɡһ֮ͩ뿪Ȼռ䣬һĿռ䣬洦ɼһѶѺɫʯɽ
ռ䣬ͩرеĵط
ЩҼӲ֣ذιޱȣʺΪõĳˡ
ͩʱһһǧͩһǧʱ´һ

ǺƳطǸݱͨټԼͷġ
ڱͨ˷츲صı仯ͩǰĻ⼸µʱǰĲ㣬ѾͩļˣҪһûмʱǲܵġ
ͨ޷ʱĿġ
ʱ䷨ͩΪİ·ͩΪ
֮УпռΪʱΪ˵ʵϣΪΨϼӵ£ÿһֶоŴ仯ÿһ仯Աĵһ£ѣ
֮˶֪ʱ䷨Ϳռ䷨ǻųģų൱أ
ռ䷨ȥʱ䷨ͻоޱȵؼɬڲŶ룬޴
֮ʱ䷨ȥռ䷨ҲһĽ
ųյԽԽ
Ϊԭ򣬲֪жλʿһ޷λ֮۵ĲΡ
ȺΪʲôֻмȺܱ֮Ϊǿ壿ΪλΪѣ
ûλ֮۲εĴжô㣬ٸߣҲ޷֮Ϊǿ塣

õȺ֮㲻ϳɫ˵ǵ׵ĲΡڵȺȴ֮оŴ۷֮һ
˵ӲǾδľأһ棬Ƿǳƽġ
ͩʱʱռںϣӻʼͲںϵ·ȻһϣûǰʱֱָռʱȷײͽȴΪָʱںϵİҲããǰ·֮пٳһʺͩĵ·
Ҫ˵Ψһȱ㣬ǾǰڵĽܻ൱ѣ·ԲףҪѸʱ
ʱͩʱմ֮Уˮһȥ
һꡢꡢʮꡢꡢꡢ˰꣡
˰ʱ䣬ͩĽ˼طʹһطӹѲ⣬
ʱڣҲһط
ھϣͩĽ󣬵ʵϣͩĽȴ൱޴
ǰļǣڲϣֻǸ߼ε˸߼СɲεڵԵ㵥幥ϣԲһЩͨĸ߼ɲε
ͩ൱⡣
һϣھطǱҲ֤˼ǵз൱ȷģǱȻд
˼طͩķҲӾ

ֳ֮˳СɡɡԲĲΡ
˵սʮĲľǵһԲĲΡ
ӵʮϿʼںϷϼĲΡ
ǣֻ۷ŲʸӴ֮ıʡÿһսţ̳϶ȷָ֮Ҫԡ
Ϊʲô
Ҳл޼ɵſ֪ܲԭ
ͩԶһĴ֮Уȷ˵˷ĺô
ʵܼ򵥣ÿһֵһ򣬶еĻ
ǣǴԽοܹߵøԶ
Ϊһ㣬˵ԼҲһ㣬ʹñǱλ֮۵Ǳһ𣬼Ԫֻصһ̶޷ͻƣޱȵź
ЩܹͻƵλ֮۵ļ
ﵽһʸȥ̽ѼԪĿܺ͵·
һҲ޷ɣôѼԪǾˮ¶ѡ
ʵ£лᴥԴ

Դʲô
˵Ԫ޵ľǱԴҲǱԴ
ϵĵ֮мǧ˵
֮еķȴֻнľˮ硢ס⡢ʱաʮһַ򣬶ǧַ
Ϊʲô
ѵЩϵϹ˵ģ
һεʿΪ˵ϹģǵһΣ˵λ֮۲εĴܡ
ֻǲ֪ǧǴڵģǾǱԴ
ԵʮһֱԴ֮ʮһַ֮󣬲ŻֵĽ֮Դľ֮Դˮ֮Դ֮Դ֮Դ֮Դ֮Դ֮Դ֮Դʱ䱾ԴͿռ䱾Դ
ֻдﵽܵĲΣףԭԴԶԶֹʮһ֣жǧ֣
һ֮·ֻվԽ߲ԽܹľʺͲ
֮֮š
˱ԴܹƣѼԪĽޣѿຣĳ١
νĴǧָǧֳѼԪĵ·
˵һ㣬һԪԴӵĹ֮У֮еܵ壬ǿηҲáһԪ֮УֻǧѼԪ

ÿһռֱԴѾռǰ·ʿ湲ͬˡ߶ֻиɵۣΪ
ʱÿһԪͻƶֻмļλʮλܴﵽǧԲǧռĿܴڡ
ңԶ֮Ǹʱǿƣɴʮڣ
ʲôɣʱļԪ
ʮڼԪһΣ
ǸʱʿҪԪ񣬾ͻд֮
ִ֮ǲݣ
ǳɹԪҲܿ䣬̫ҽɲεĴ
̫ҽɾ˵֮ۡ
ûд֮ۿԽԪ
ǸʱʿĻƽʱҲǾޱȼҵʱ
Ǹʱ֮ϣд޽ɴڡ޽֮ϣĴڣ
һ㣬ʮڼԪ񣬾ŸԪÿԪǧԶԶﲻ
Ϊʲôôأ
ʵ޽ɿٵĴǧ磬ܹнɡٵ磬ǿԴ棡
һϻ۵Ḷ́ԲŻʮ֮ڣ


351  ս
֮еʮһвľˮ򣬿ͨռ䷨򡣲ʿл޼ɡͩĳţǵɳѭ򽥽Ĺ̡
һַ򣬳ɹȻһҲҪ꣬ﵽ۷֮ͨյķϼ̤׷ĵ·ҲҪꡣ
֮УǳŽȥġ󲿷ͨʱĻ۽ȥġ
Ϊʱ䷨Ϳռ䷨ǿų⣬˿ռ䷨µʿҪʱ䷨ƤëǷǳѵ顣
ԣǲòѡ߾ȹ
ռ䷨ʱ䷨ų⣬硢ס⡢ַų⣬˵ųҪСöࡣԣȲַȻͨʱ䷨ϡ
Ԫ·ǰ֤൱еķ
ҪȻĻΪʲôʿֱʱռϼ򣿷ڿʼʱҪȥ¼
ͺ¥¥µĹϵҪ¥Ҫнݣ¼𵽽ݵá

ͩѰ˰ʱ⣬Ľ˼ǵط֮󣬱ûټȥת֮
֮£ֻ֣ͩνٶȻͩѹƵġ
ͩз̫죬ȻѾȫƿˡϣȴǷѾͩһЧ
ɴ˿Կеʱٶ̫죬ҲǺ¡
ͩѹʱϵ¼ȣȡϸĵķʽԷµĸ̶ȡ
ԭΪʱ䷨ʱ򣬸˳𵽸ѵĸЧ
֮Уǧʱת۾͹ȥˡ
ͩ趨ʱҲָͣʱ١
Ϊˣͩһʱıչ֮У˹
Ȼ󰡣ͩ̾һ̤뷨֮ź󣬱չصʱҲԽԽգۼ͹ȥˣѹְԪôţԭΪ
ôԪţܼܿαչعȥԪͺľˡ
ͩվһȻռ䡣
ʱ򣬺Ҷڰн֡
Ȼֵġ

ͩϸһƣ˵ռԣ
ǧʱ䣬ӷ˽ռʿٶҲ㲻Ͽ죬Ҳ㲻ˡ
ţ൱ʵҶȻе츳ͩڳ޵
ү͹翪ĵӭ˹ȥе
ҶүҶ̣Ȼֻܸ÷ǽͩүˡ
ʱչأǡͩѶŮӵ뻳аοͩ󲿷ʱ䶼ͱչϣȷʵЩ˼нޡ
һ֮һжɷ֧ţֵڣȻΪŮ˽ķΪֻзΪԽߣǼҲͻԽãԷ١Ժ󲻵˵ĻˡңǶʿԪշгһշܹһϣһӵʱԳء˵
ʱֵͩڣΪһŮ˽
ͩһ£漴ڵǸ˵öԣΪˡͩϲһ㣬ȴ󷽣ɷ򣬰ͥѼһ÷ǳãֶ̺ɷ򣬲ҳԴף´ӳԶǣǲɶõ

ʱҲˣǳȥɡͩһ֣˴ӱ֮˳ڲ֮С
ȥæɣʲô˵ģҡͩŮ˵һССĶͩôйеȣͩ൱ġ
ͩûǼʱ仨ڲͨϡ
ϲ㣬Ѿ׷ֳɣⲻϵž޴ͻ漯š
漯ŵĶֻһ׵²ŻֶֻԽԽء
ʵϣĺ۹漯ѾȫλĶ״̬һս׼˫˻ҩζʮֿơ
Ȼս׼ûгɡ
źҶ֮󣬿һһ鱨Ȼм˹ڵӣսӦþһ֮ˡ
Χһİ˸Ůˣһӣղࡣ
С˵öԣҹҲˡ˵
նǵս׼أ翴ŶŮʵ
С㣬ģǵս׼ǳ˳սѾ洢òˣ棬㹻װ˰ٸеʦս棬ٹһܹ꣬齨ʮֻͽӣȫһ䱸ŵػش

˻Ҷһô̵ʱھܹʮֻͽӣ˰ٸеʦװֱ̫˳Ծˡ
Ҫ֪֮ǰͽҲֻѣ
һֻͽӣʮֽӣַֽӣַֽӣַֽӣһԤֽӡ
ÿһֽӶӵдСսϰңսǧܣͺŵĻƣ
ǳˣأն̾
գʹŶָõսȥ׼ɡ翪˵֮ǰָڵȨޣһύָӣĸսʶԶãǾԲܱ¶˽ָȽĴڣȺ£ǻḺйǵļ䡣
ǣ㡣Ҷػش
ΪʧܣҲܹӳס򲻵ü׼÷սصѵ
ˡҶӦ
أϢûУҶʵ
Ŷеģ鱨鱨ɸѡ˳ͶӰҶۿ
һַͨѼ鱨ʮ־Ҳͬܶ࣬һʱ֮䵹Ҳûжע

Ҷ鱨֮Ŀ¶ϲɫ˵ϢڵϵĳʯȦ֮УԼԪ˧пһεľ»أѵ˴ԼǧԤʿ
ôࣿ÷ʵ
ԭһܾ»أפټԼԪ˧ȥĲбҲˡҶû⣬ǴܻرǻԼ˼ֽģÿ궼ͨԼԪ˧֣еһ˹ȥפ
Ҳǻҵĵ֮һ»ʵۻӹǻڲҲרŵ˲ڴ񣬻ⲿͬҲвڻϵĸСڸһЩЩǻҵĵֻ̣ҪûЩ̾Ͳһʱܹʧġ
˵ȰѻɱһɶֻʣºҶһŮӣΪˡΪʲôȻҪɳַֽ׷ɱҶΪɵҵĳЩΪ֪Ӵ
ֻҪҶһ죬һĸ󻼡
ȸĿŵƹ巭رսΪҶѾʧˣƹӪͬһɢɳΪ

˿֮󣬸ҶõͨѶơ
ҶԭұĽĿٷӦսܻس
ս൱㣬ܹ˼ؿ֮󣬱˵ϵ
ϵǰշ˳ģϵָֺͿϵ
ϵǣǿȴֻʮʯ
ϵ֣ȻҪö̫࣬ӣ˲ٺ֯
ҺԼ˼׼ܾ»أʵǼŵ崴ģƽʱҲ̵ܹɫ룬һ֮ġ
󣬺Ҷ˳ԼԪ˧ϡ
£û£̫ˡԼԪ˧˵
ԼԪ˧ضƲǵĵ֮ǻսҶ˵
ֲ⣬ǹ֣ȴû㹻װսʰԼԪ˧ļҵٺҲ
صģԼԪ˧ɡҶԼԪ˧һңҶóһͶӰǽͶӰһӰ
Ӱ֮УذڷŴװСǹս

ǣԼԪ˧ؽе
ҿ˻ҵһ⣬õһװǾڡҶ
̫ˣһǵʵԱˡԼԪ˧ĵؽе
һֻǺҶָ֮еɶѣֻ齨һٸеʦֻͽӣҽָеĳڿ
װֻԽԽࡣ
ԼԪ˧ȥ˻ĥһȵϤγս֮⡣УԼԪ˧װﻹУֻûôװѡҶĻǳ̹׺ţʵ仯ģںλıѾȤˣҲû̫ı˼
ԼԪ˧֮󣬲ɵ𺳣ȻһôӴװҵĵ̹Ȼһ㣡
һ룬ͲΪˡܹ캣ѸٳɳΪһϵĴ۹ݺ겻ĺңв۲ΰԣʷݺ겻Ļң֪˶ٵ̺ͺֶΣ
⼸λʵۻӹһ㣬һ㲢ܷϺĿµ̡

ĻۣǼʵܹܵģ
ʵϣҲȷʵˣ
Ҷ֮ǰͿһұ⣬õ˺ĲƸʽʽ㹻ھˣ
ԼԪ˧жǳ죬ܿܵذһװ˻ҿʼװ¡źҶһʽ𣬿ʼ֡
ԼԪ˧æת棬ȴַǳ
ӪԿƵһý壬ÿ춼Ƕ
ߵս׼Ϊǰпǣ׼൱Ѹ٣֮ŷϣֱӰѻұʺӿƹԴϣȻӾַ
ƹӪķӦҲ൱Ѹ٣ʾһ֤ݣƤ߸ȡ
ȻǶһ٣ΪȲҪһڶѡ
һǧʮһ£ʷսˣ
ȳַֽΪȷоֻͽӣһֻ˱ӡ½ȫǻеװʦ
ֱֻʣ֮⣬µĽӺ;Ӷѵ齨֮У½Ͷս
ƹߵսװͲһ㣬ͽֻֻӪҪһЩ


352  Ҷ
Ӫ֣ͽӣٸʦ˫ܱǧȴսںʷǼΪټġ
Ԫ˧֮ţʵռţռ˼ƣϹӪǳǱƹӪƾǵǱǿϵ̸ڣۺ
̣ľǺڡ
սˣûӴľʵ֧֣ƹðȻȷ
ΣЩǧ괫еѾ൱ǿˣ˵ĹҲûС
ˣ٣ǴˣˣҲջؼҡ࿴ͶӰĻ̾
һսҲ֪ҪãȻѾˣͲʲôˡһע鱨ռʹݣץʱ֮͵翪ڵͣͣ̾鱨ҲҪȥܡ鱨֧֣ҲǲֶԷһַʽǰԹΪҶгʤǳ¡
С˼ǣʲôˣնʵ
ҶϢ˵Լ

ľһ£Ȼ˵ʲôҲŹȥˡ
սһɺߴΪףһΪ׵˼塣
˫Ϊұѩ޵ţޱȼҡ
̶£ߴ齨߾ͱֹ
ߴ屻Ƽˣڶ̶֮ڣǴճһ֧ͽӣڽ˫ʵƽսֽڵĵϡ
ϸ˵ȵҪ̾ڵһϵߴҪ̾ڵڶϵڵϵǸСڣǻҺ͸ӡ
ȵĽصҲǷڵڶϵԷĴӪ
Ȼߴ廹ȶûзϵ˫ɳֽΪ֧֣ߵս½վսΪȻȲϽӾսҲͬǳҡ
սӰģʵƽ
֮еսԺ䣬ƻȻǿ󣬵֮УƽӰ첻󡣿½սƻȻȲս֮ĶԺ䣬ƽӰȴǷǳ޴ġ
رǶһЩƶƽ˵սһǱȻʧ档

ҲãߴҲգǶһ㡣
͸˺ҶһĻᣬҶ˻ĳЩǱ˵ԮΪţ˴ƶ񣬴ѡӣѵ
սĵھŸ£ҶǱ߾ǧԤʿԼ˶ǽͻѵȡڶʱڿս
ʱߴ֮ìܣһҪĻս֮У˶ԷһͽӣȡսȨռ˾Եơ
ؼʱ̣ߴҲɵȵǿѹǷǰĶԹȫڶ̶һڣִճһͽӡ
ƹļҵףʱҲ¶ɣһ£һͽӵ齨Ҫ꣬ǧȽսĽʱͲ꣡
ߴͻȻսľֻصǰĹ
ȵֻһ£ͱԷ˻
ǰ߸ָӽӵԪ˧Ȳϵ֧ԮҪҪս;ӡָ½ռͼԪ˧ͬҲڳҪ֧Ԯ
ȵ鲢ôãվСߴĵ̣ԭΪһͽӣٿԱһսƣȡʱս档û뵽ԷȻڶ̶һ¾Ͳ˻

ˣ֪ټ£һٸַֽӹȥһνӵԪ˧Ĵߴ٣̾
ȻλƽԪ˧벻ƹµĵ̺Ǳ
һ绰ϵ˹鱨ֵϴҲĵš֡
֣ҵؿ⣬ҵûУΪһսǰ׼ʮʱ䣬ʮ׼޷ߴӴᲢۣΨһƾַʽҵҷؿ⡣
һ룬ߴĵܹ̾²⵽ҵĵֻжôǿֻеõҵؿ⣬ܹߴ壬ȥֻɺѵľơ
˫κһ޷ѹԷⳡսȥֻһǳ־ս˭ܹ֧ŵһ˫ͣսΧ۹һΪսԺĳʱٶȱ
˫Ͷĸͽӣǧս˵ʤܹʤġÿһ죬˫һڡ
սſʼûã˫㹻ĵ֧š
Ȳֻһεİңָɴ࣬һٸңټϻҵĿֲ̣¾۲Ҳ˵ȡʤ

սһĵĪھˣ˫µľҵî˾ܡ
ߴǷ񣬸ܷ߷׷׿ʼ⣬ڶ̶̼֮ھһս͸װҲ˳
Ϊˣߴܹڶ̶ʱڣճһ֧ͽӽ˵Ĺ˻ȥҽס˵ߡ
ܵ˵ߴ廹Ǵ·磬Ƿȱľָ˲źս顣
սһߴ۷ҲǶͣ˫ڳʾ֤֡ݡָ֤Է£ʶ֮ʿ뼺Ӫ
սĵһ߸£ȻǿƲ롣
ϵȺߴصʮǵҪϡ
֪ĵȻǿƳ֣һ˵ϵʮǣһһ֧ͽӣ˵ϵǡǡ
һʯǧˡ
Ⱥߴ嶼𾪲ԼͬذĿת˵ϵ
ǵ׸СУһ˵ŷᡣ
ʧĺҶȻڷϣԻҵⳡսȻȶĳϡ

ΪҶͻȻֺŷᣬ𵴣ֲ֮
ñףָƵıô£㲻˵Ѿʧ涴֮Уôʱ֣֣ǸʲôԵģȻһϢûз֣漴ת˸֣
ޱȵԩȴ޷ֻתƻԪϢŭ֮ǽǰ鷳
֣㣬ɳӢعܲܰиɵҶһҪע⣬գһ־ҪȷɹָŸֽ
鳤ٿŷֲᣬԷԣϺҶݣìͷתߴ塣ȵķӦҲ
ǣ鳤תᣬȥ׼ˡ
ƣҲʲôһҪںҶս֮ǰٸҴճһ֧ͽ
ǣװһϽƴӦûᡣ
ȣߴߵ̬Ҫõöࡣ
ߴпŷᣬϻҵͳλַȡ
ǹȻɺҶݣΪߴıǷΪ
һʱ֮䣬˫۴ս㷽ҵǳá

ߴ֮䣬ìǿ϶ڵģȴ໥棬ϵ˫ѪԵϵĹϵʮܵġ
ߴܹ棬漯Ҫȡߴĵλ޷ġ
ԣߴ뺣Ҷȴ˹ʶ˫ַ֣ȡ
Ҷĳ֣м˻ҵһɳѸٻָ˵ϵԼԪ˧Գһ֧ͽǰߡ
ߴľӣӹ˾ָӴȨָֻȨȨչҵķΪϵơۺĲԼָϵڶ˵ڶ͵ߣһߡ
ҵĿֲҲʼãڵϵҲ
ѹж
Ϊ׵漯Ҳ˾˵
ڲƴ۵Ͷ֮£ڶ̶֮ڣٴóһ֧ͽӣͶս˫ĵٴƽڱϺװϣռһƣʿҲռơ
ȻͶһ֧ͽӣȻѾռһĵзһߡ

ս꣬Ȼ»ص˿սǰĵ̬ơ
ߴѹ˱ռߣȻǽԴϲҶʮ㡣
սڣ˫սʮһ֧ͽӣҴСս
Ȼֻóһ֧ͽӣ֧ȫǼսʵ൱ֲһ֧ļִͽӣԱ֧ͨͽӵս
Ϊ֧ӵս鲻㣬޷еս
ԼԪ˧Ҳ˼С
սֿʼԼԪ˧֮УսȨλΪҪԼԪ˧ֱͣͣĽָӵֱӾʮν棬˫ʧС÷ǳңǶս̲û̫İ
ߴֱ֧Ĵͽӣڼ䲢ûôսֻǴսõзڳԮ
ߴȻԼԪ˧ָͼҲûи棬ֻҪԼԪ˧ǵĽȥڻҾˡ
Ԫ˧ĪԼʮ˽⣬ȻҲ²͸Էڴʲô⣬ѵ
бҪҪ£ҶԷʧҲС˫ʧֽ֧ӡ

Իһֹˣ벹ֽ֧ӡԼԪ˧ָӵλϣǴ⡣뵽ܹ˴ȱȱսȱڣʲôȱֽ׶ΪȻޱȹ񫡣
⼸ѾҲ˵ȵľӣԼԪ˧Ѿ˽֧ͽӵϱ
ռƻҪѵʮ֧ͽӵĳӣһƽҰļҡ
£ȸо˻ҵۺˣԼµĴͽѾΣȫʽļս
ҲȽս
Դճһ֧µĴͽˡ
ԼԪ˧ֱӲս֮ʧս٣ȻЩսһǱ״ݻ٣ֻҪˣﵽӰսĶˣͻһµսٴ
ȵľӱԷĥ÷ǳܣرֵԼ˵Ľӣʿ͹ȣȥ롣
Ҳûʧսʧ̫أҪս˼ʮҲ۲
ֽ֧ӵսܵزһˣս𣬶սܱ൱òޡҲµսȥ


353  ȱ
ӪѹҲ˼ӴˣûǮǽʱսġ
ԴӺҶ¶֮ʿپͱøӷˡ
ϵϵٸ㣬ɽ˺ﲻƶײ㣬ϵǵԽһ˵һڡ
в׼ϵǻǧѵһĻܹսҲǲܡ
ԣײ㿴ϵǴӵ֮ȹԼһ¥۹׼
ټϴǰ߻ļϱԴ̣±ǵѵ൱˳
Ҷʱܻأ±ѵװϴɵЦݡ
ڵʮ㣬лҵؿ֧֣ϲ⡣
ϵڵ񣬱Ҳ⡣
װϣǳޱȣԴҲ⡣
֮ûóսΪû㹻ʿȥѵ±ҲҪʱ䡣
ռƻսһһ߻װγսȵͷϣܸʮͽӣʱһ¡

ߴȻȵжԣͬģҲδֵΣȵĶҲ˸ɾ䡣
Ҷ֮ͩڣǧ꣬Ѿ͸˷ٻһ꣬ˮ£кֵĻܹ֮ҲŵϺŵĴ壬ܹӵгϵϣһУѾںˡ
ʵ㣬װû㹻ıԦβսĻͰϻܵһóˡ
װһ˭Ķ֣һʮᡣ
սϣԼԪ˧ֱӣϵسԷߣʹѹʿе䡣
ߴҲֵÿҵ裬ֻط߶ĸжԮӡ
ʱƣȻߴ嶼ǿĵˣսϵرϻغ޸µսȴԴԴϵز
ȣߴںҶ˵ֱʣ׼ҲԤϡ
ȿɾˣҪԵļţ֮һǺвݵĳޡ

ǰÿʧһսͻ̲סյûնݳ
ַ߼ĻԳսꡣ
ߴ½ҲͶ֧ͽӽͶ֧ͽӣ꣬ʧսҲ֧ͽӵˡ
ȿ˵һϵ˺һϵȻ̲㣬ͨһЩֶΣ׷ӵһϵۺҵڿסҵķͬʱһͶ֧ͽӳ
ҲΪˣΪ׵漯ź˲ǮƺԴ˵˲پҵĴá
һŲʹþռ70䵽˳̶ȣҲ˲ײìӣ
Ϊ˱֤սʤǰʵʩĶıԭıΪ׵Ķüš
ǷߣԱµһӥȮȺ֮Уչ˴ģϴ
ޱȺƴӰҲ˲ˡ
ĸɥʧòˣȫǿŰɫֲάͳΡ
Ҳ˺αװ磬ಲĶ塣

ʱսѾûдȥıҪˣĿƼˮƽϢȻޱȵķȵٴҲ޷ڸϢڶϵ͵ϵǸǿȵֲϡ
ϧЩָκβȷֺֻҪܹӮⳡսһжҪˡ
ܿܣԹŽȻ
ǰߣƼʮŸͽӣǧ½սʦܹڱĶšһսǴĺ˵˭ʤ˭ˡ
ȻĶ֣һս˭䲻
ߴͻսܣȻǼжϾ³
սһжʧǰһеƶɿգͬټӾ³
һ˵ĺģһС
Ҫô;սǲȥˣѹԲСⲻǹŴ⽨ᣬʱĻ֮£ֲѹͳֻܳһʱһսϲ£ڲȻ
Ҳ൱ϵֱ˵ڴճһͽӣȫѹǰߣȡս

ⳡעҪչʷʢսĻ
ȵľӣָ֮£ʮ·ֱߴϳ
ս֮ϣҾȻǿ󣬿ʵȴߴǿߴǣƣҵһ֧ͽͱȵľӸûˡ
ԣĴǳȷҵľӱ٣һӲͷʵѿУѡȽ׽ӡ
ߴķֱԣΪ󷽰òֱء
µ֧ͽӣԶ˶֧ͽӣ˿·硣
ֻһˣҲΪˣߴȵıͳƽˣʵƵһ
ӪʮĸͽӺӦ½սʦɵϾŴޱȼҡ
˫ΧԴ㡢ǣչһһļɱ
սزսϵָѾûʲôˣʣµȫʵϵĶײԼսʿǵƴˡ
ν·꣬ʤ
˫ʧСսԾϣ˭ռ˱ˣ½ϣߴԴơ

˫˭ûоԵƿȨһһΡ
ĸ¹ȥˣΪ½սĽչ˳ʹָӵ·ߴõ֮еǰڹߡ
ߴҲˣȻѾϣǰնԷĹƣֵֻܵʱѡ
ߴ嶼ף½սϣʵǴ򲻹ͼ½սǴ½սרң۹Ҳһרоⷽ˲࿹ˣԼ˺ⷽҲѷɫͼֻһ
ߴ峤Ϊ˽һ⣬ֻһεؿ֡
ֻõһۣҪͼֻȡƿȨƿȨֵ£ս֧Ԯ沿ӣԾԵʵȥ˲ܹܶԷ
ʵսľƿȨ˭õƿȨ˭ܹսƼΪԡ
ԼԪ˧콢ԼԪ˧뺣ҶƵԻ
£ǲȥæ𣿡ԼЩɵʵϾָӰҪǼȣǲе㡭
Ԫ˧ߴ񣬷չڣѾˣȻսѾᣬһݣ۹ĸ֮Ҷ̾
Ҷô࣬Ҳɳ࣬ڹѧô꣬Ҳѧ˼ֹϺ;ġ

ðɣȻˣǻǰԭƻʩаɡԼûǿһҹ֮䱻ߴѵһҲûУǾûԳ֣һԿϷñ߹ٲ˵ġ
սĽƽ˰꣬ȵľѾˣҲߴһߣߴһ֮ʧٸ½սʦıжʮʦΧ߱
ߴ忪ʼ˺ĳ˼ƻ׼廯Ϊ㡣
ʱµһȺӥȮͻȻߴĵϵʵʩ˿µİɱƻͽƻ
Ҳ˳֣ҲŻһҹ֮ı𣬿֪˵ľ̶Ⱥרҵ̶ˡ
Ҫߴݣнķ⣬ǳԼµĿ
ߴĵϵˣڶ̶֮ڣʧأҸĵϵ˾ȻֻʣĴèСèֻ
ʱȵĺֱˡ
ߴڶ֧Ȼһ뱻ȵ͸Ҫͷߴϵ֧׷׾ߴϵͳΡ
֮£ߴʱʵλ峤Ǻڲһ֮Ȼ¼˥ɻ

󷽲ȣߴǰߵļ·ӣҲܵشӰ죬Ϭָ֮£һشе·ֿȻƽ·
ȵõǰߴʤϢЦͺȵ
ԶˡԶڵϵܻصĺҶ¶Цݡ
Ԫ˧ͼԪ˧ֽߴľ֮ҲʧһЩԭһսһսһԼ˵ĻҾӡ
ɾʱ򣬺Ȼ֮ӵ˳սĻر˷Ȼӿʮ֧ͽӣ
ţһϵǱִ˸Ϣ֪ʮ֧ͽڹһϵķߣѾ˵ڶˡ
ڵڶϵһϵķϵʹɵģֻߣÿһ߶൱ǿ
һϢֵסԼ˵֧ͽӱȻֵ֧ͽӣͬԼ˵֧ͽӣϹ֧ͽΧ֮£ȫû
λԪ˧ֻǰһڣеôܣѽôܣô֧ͽӣʵҲδ̫˰ɣԵһϵĸԣҲ㾡ڶ̶֮ڴʮ֧ͽӣѾǼˡ
һߴľսȻʤˣҲʧᣬܵҲʧ֧ͽӵս

λԪ˧һۣȵң
ʱ򣬶˲ˣΪۺ̣ʮ֧ͽӰս
һΡ
˳ƶȵİߵ죬ΪѾվĶ˽ײ㣬֪ԼȻǾ֮ܡ
һĺңȻ֮еô򵥣ѣҾܹóսȵ޵ˣ
ѹֺżλʵۻӹҲλȡ
ԼԪ˧˵ǰ·֧ͽ֮󣬻ǿһϵʮ֧ͽӣϹʮ֧ͽӺͰ˰ٶ½սʦع˵һϵķߣռ˵һϵԴͿǣȻһ֧ͽֱһٸ½սʦ뺣ǡ
ھԵ֮£һзͽͣȼľʧûڷ𷴿
˯²ĸСʱȱٽѾ롣
֮͵õµϢͻȻóʮ֧ͽӲ뷴һŤתǬǰߵľѾΧһϵƣʱѾ뺣ǣڳ׸й
ǰҹǺϢҹǻϢϢʱˡ


354  ĩ·
ʮӲŻָ˹ŷͬһ־ǿ侲
ǰϸһ룬ףһ䶨ˣ졣
ܿܣ벻ҾȻûնݳϡȿȻû뵽ҵĵ̻˾ˣҲ׼ⲻǾɰܵԭ򣬶ڵûϾɱϡ
Ԫףŵ˻ûдǸϽ˰ɡѵ
ֺأȿ˵
Ԫףƴǰߵֵ˵ĽִѾʧˣǲȡзϵ˵
һ£ɵֻͣһǸѾ׶༪ˣһѾ·ˡ
ˣȥͷԷɰɡ̾һ
Ԫףڳ˻üɽڣûհδܶɽ𰡣Խѵ
ɽ𣿡ҡҡͷ֪ǲܵģΪ˴ճʮ֧ͽӵսзǼḷ̌ײ˸һ飬ʱӹ˽죬Ҳᱻ׷ɱټϵʽȫ˾ϣûʽ̸ɽ

Ƕ߰ɣҪţҵҪܹұƵ·˾Σһͣһۡĩ·ҲҪúң
Ԫ״ˣЩؽе
Ԫ׸˶뿪ˣֻʣȺĸ
ôߣƽʵ
Ҳ޴ȥȻԪײԸ뿪¾һ̡ٹػش
ãȥ׼һģҪͨӡ뺣ҶԻԸ
ǣԪסȥ׼ˣԪ׸ֳɵĺԼʱ
һһ׼ˡ
ǣеƵ续ͻȻһ䡣
ȵӰڵӡԡն˵ͶӰϡ
쿴
Ǹ쵰
Ǹͽ
ں͸ײ˶ڹע䶯ôҡʲôѵ֪
ҶԪ׸㣬ɸȵ˵κҪȡˣԪ׸ҡ
˵꣬ͽͨ
֮ţǺȵ˶

ɵǣҶ˾ںǼʽӵһ콢콢ϸָӵԼԪ˧
Ԫ˧쳣תͨżǺš沿ӵĸ˰һźŴ콢ϡ
ͨԼԪ˧ͷӦ
ҶԪ׸㣬ɸźžȻȵĹ
ָ֮еĺҶҲһͬ档
£Ѿɥ֮Ȯֵǰȴ˽թˣ壬ʹϵɥĲͬھԼԪ˧Ȱ˵
Ԫ˧ģҲô嶯ȥġȷʵҪһ棬ڣǵ˰Ԫ׸֮˵ɡҶ΢΢һЦش
ӢԼԪ˧һ
⺣ҶΪʲôһ棬ҲֹΪһ԰ȫΪϡ
ӿ̣ǿǿȣˣȥԼԪ˧
ܹʼˣһʿ߰Ƚҩ㡣һʿ䣬׼㣬ȱ㹻ҶʧƿȨһսûп֮ǰѾע˽
һҲûС

ʵϣҲȷʵˣһСʱͳȫ˵ֿѾ׸С
ӺܿͿ׸Уһľ񲿶פԪ׸ǰǰѲ˲飬ȷûΣ֮󣬲Ÿ㱨
㱨Ľ㴫ݣûһʹݵָӲˡ
£ϳҲҪ½ǣƺˣϳ㹫һˣΣԼԪ˧ǲĵ˵
ҲáҶûоܾصͷ
һһС͵½콢Ϸɳٽ㡣
Ҷʱ꣬һ̤˺ǵء
ʱҶԼԪ˧Ԫ׸
泤٣棬һֱûжǵѾѲü飬ȷûΣաػĳѸݻ㱨
ܺãɵƯξĸλԼԪ˧ǳصͷ޵
£ǽȥɡԼԪ˧ͷ˵
Ԫ׸ܿȵİ칫ҡ
ƿ˴ţ˽ȥ
ԼˣҶˡȵλת˹ݵؿ˵

ȣȻǵжԣϷֶҲò̾ԼԪ˧̾
ԼˣҲ벻ظǸ಻ĻʲôֵЧҵģȻ˽֮һֱûб
٣ȥɣ뵥ͺҶ̸̸Ȼ˻֣
ǣˡ˳ȥ
ԼԪ˧ҲȥһҲ뵥һġҶ΢ЦŶԼԪ˧˵
ðɣԼ˵˵ͷ˳ȥΪ˹˷š
һ칫ֻʣȺͺҶˡ
˶һȿڵ£ɡ
ҶԱߵɳһȻûпڡ
˲ò̾;Ⱥҵۺ̣ҵƣ˾Ե֮¡Ȼı£áȻԾԵ֮£κƶ֮һźظ̾
ĵҪ˵Щ˵𣿡Ҷ˵
ˣҪô嶯Ƶ˵
ߣҲ󲻵ȥΪһٴҲġҶ½۵
Ǻǡ¶һЦݡ

˾ˣѵ㲻֪թһ𣿡˵꣬ͻȻչֳ˲ڼϰżʦٶȺ
Ҫ֪ں棬ϰžѾˡ
ٸ߾ûˣں۹ûгֹڹŴǲǴڣǾͲö֪ˡ
û뵽һλŵ࣬ҰȣȻһλز©ĸ֡ʵһ˴һжӵֲǾԲκġ
ǱȵרҵŶҲȲһǿ
Ҷ·ɵһ㣬ؿ˹
ȵԺ棬ǾͨҶﵽĿġ
뺣Ҷֻм׵ľ룬ܹºҶʱ
ͻȻ䣬Ҷһ߳ȸһŽ˻ȥ
صˤʵľ칫ϡ
ꡪ
칫мϳأϵĶһء
ȱһߵΰأʹ
ҵʹһʱ֮˼˺һֻϺӣһţɫѪһƬͻ

˺һȲŻ˹
⣬ôܣ˸ղŵһĻŵ̾
ղŵһѵɺϲɣ
ˣҪװˣղһֻʹһ󣬲û˼ڸʹһͻָˡҶ˵
⻰ԾǸȣղŵһжǼٵġ
ǱվŸЦ̾¹ȻȻز©һţƵ˾׼ʵԲһܹóģҹȻԻѹǺܹĹˣڻ㷭
ѹЩ꣬߻ԺҶĴɱһҲûгɹ
ȻԣһΪӣӢءԭƭ㵥ҳǻһٷ̣Ǿ벻õ۹࣬μҡı΢ߣȻҲһλָǿߡҶ˵
ûлػϵʹ鲢ûɢȥ
ˣҲһʱ䣬ӦѾָ֪ɡҶƽ˵
⻰·һ㣬ֱķ̵ۡ
ʹıҲѸɢȥҲָ
ԭ֪ˣѹһϣԭܵòԩһƽ˵ȴǱ겻ϡ

ǲ־ܵģаɡһΰڳ˹ƣسˡ
ȭ澭ȻʽԼ򵥣ȴж
ҶһһɵضȵĹơ
Ϊȵĳж˵ʵ̫ˡ
湻˰ɣˣҶ䣬һ
ͻȻǰһҶӰѾʧˡ
´󺧣ǽţͬɲͻȻ⴫ڡգ֮䣬ȸо徹ȻӲܶˡ
⣬Ǵ˵еĹҲ֮ˣȻϳһֵ棬ļʶȻ뵽˺ʷǧǰǸʱӿֳڴʧˡ
Ҫ˵еĻҲֻк֮впղЩĹ֮
̣ǵ̣
ȾԼһǱ磬ڵϣ۷ڵϣķ̻Ҳڵϡ
ΪʲôҪôˣң
ͩȵĸп֮󣬻ͬ
棬ûоԵĹƽеǿʳĴַ
̵ҪԣԶ
С˵һ˳㲻ͬܿһĳɾͻ˶
˵һδкܴһ־⡰ֵ̡档

֮Уǿ壬˵һЩһ񣬳꼴ɳΪʡЩȴеõѵĴڡ
Ϊʲôǲ
ǲͲ˵̶档
Щڳɹ֮۵Ĵ֮ܲ󣬿׷Ѱ֮·ǰ·һƬڰǸͲףΪѣôȥѡԼһԪôȥˡ
ɱ̾
۷أе̣֪ǰ·ߣȥ׷ѰÿʧѰ·Ĺؿϣһ
ܹͩѸٽΪžͷĴڣǰ·Ѿʼǰ衣ΪʲôͩⱾ£ȴû£
ҵףΪ̡֣
ͩһĴͱۺöࡣ
ҲΪֵ̣ܹͩӳ֮ҵͨˣߵĵز
̡֣У̺ӳ˥
ӵ֮ԳΪ竣ǳΪܼӣҲΪĵ̱ͨİܼӣе̣ôҲܲǷۺļҵףȻܹΪܼˡ


355  ؼ
Ҷԭһȣɫмָӡ
ҵĳˣͬʱҲΪ㣬ҵõǰ붼벻֮£ȻԤϡҶ̾һ
ϧҰ̫ˣֻǺúõصһȨٻһαأοأλôҪôҶҡҡͷʵ۹УϵȨλǰûиожôҲΪ۽ؿԵʣֻΪǧʱ׻λ̶̼ʮٻ󣬸ʧȥȤ
һؿźҶ˵λ֣Ȼܹô˵ǲںλֺαػ
ǰһںλΪҲԼıڣҿȷظ㣬۹Ϊ͹ѾûбҪˣѾҪΪָ·ǵ˽ԼСҶ˵
ⲻܣ𾪵ؽе
ʲôܵģֻʣһˣ֮Ҿͻ뿪ӴԺ󣬿ܶˡʹǻҲ֪Ǽǧ֮ˡ֮ҵʹҲǣҵ뿪ˣȥ׷ѰԼҸδҶһƽᶨ˵

㣬ˣȲţ̶̼ѣλ֮ǵĹ¾Ȼһһ㡣
Ǻǣûз裬ҺѣֻǴҵ۽粻ͬѡ㿴Ҷ˵꣬˻Ʈκ͹ߣڿС
ȾˣŵؿһУȻҲܹ߱ڣһԾɸߣڿУԶҲ
úܣȣ۽̫խı£עܳáҶ˵꣬תɵſ˵أ˴˳ȥ
¡ſڵԼԪ˧һ
ȴز©ӵмǿĸҪӣˡҶ˵
ǣ£ʲôǻ̳лλԼԪ˧ʵ
۹ѾҪҵĴˣҲûдң۹ɴ͸ĳɹƣ㿴ΣҶʵֻ뷨֪ܲܳɡ
ôôԼԪ˧żֹ
ĺ۹˵ƾܸƵģƶѾ꣬ðȻĶһЩҰļҺͶң۹ܻܿ˶ҡԼԪ˧ⷽҪоö࣬ⷽļʶҲȺҶǿöࡣ
ȻˣҽĻλ㣬ôҶ֮Ҳе

һ֮󣬺Ҷ˳ؽλøԼˣȻһ˳ɴ뿪˺ǡӴ֮ѶƪҲԼ˵ǻƵĻ
ͩķɴϡ
Ҷ˷ɴ黹˽ָ֮󣬿˵㣬һˡ
Ҷã벻㾹ȻܹһУ˵ȾҲҸе翪˵
ˣˣȻˣҲûسˣγѾ˲ʱˡһԲ廰
նǶ𣿡תͷʵ
ѾգĨкۼʱ뿪Ůش
Ǿ̰ɣ㺽ռУĿĵط½ڴλϣ
ɴԸǰ½ѺȻɴ٣˳ռ䡣
ˣɴѾԶ״̬ǿжˡ
ˣȥΪ׼һٷʢ͡뿪ˡ
÷ںҶ̺үԼһЩעһںҶйĸֳʶ
ͩһֱҲûմ¡

;ǳ˳һһȽɴӳռ֮д˿Ѿִ˷򣬴ӷɴtڿȥܹ½Զ
ǾǷ½𣿡Ҷǵһμʶ֮еĴ½
һֱںѧĸ֪ʶΪ涼źתءۼʶŴ½תӦ˵е嶼Χŷ½ת
Ǵ½
֮Уʺʿĵط
ǣĿס˵ϣҲȲϴ½һƫԶĽ䡣
ֻд½ڵ򣬲յĺ򡣶ϵصĵͼڡ
½쳯۶ͩӷɴ֮⣬ֻйŮʱ¼ҡ
Ϊ½涨ʹɴԷɴֻܳ۽۶ʣµֻпˡ
ͩһλȻ벢׼ˡȻ̫ҡԸյ۶Ҳûеߣ㳯Ŵڵĵطȥ

۶Ĵ˷½Ҫأȥκһȡ
ͩӵ۶͵ĹȻִӹ͵ǡ
Դӵ걱帲һ̲˱µĲҵ󣬾һ귢չ׳ѸٳɳڳΪһӴһ塣
ûлҳҲܹڻ֮ǰ֮У
ȵıҪǿ屶ࡣ
İλ
ҳΪ𿤵ףưһ
Ϊİǲͻûжõ½ҵٿ꣡
һ𲻵ļ壬һʵ̫ˡ
ͩŹմӴ֮˳Զһһâһʮ˴ŴĹâ֡Ϊ׵һλɫ۵ˣֻжʮ£Ϊȴﵽռ
ǵĴطͬͨصĴ󣬼еһάͱҲǳ㡣
ʹĸˣȺ˵ĳ֣ӭ˹١

šֻ˴һۣһʹ߳˴󣬳ſȥ
Ǹ˭ôһЩһǵʵ
ʹĸҲ൱ԱȻһ˵ܲע⣿Щһε˵ˣеǾ̣еǷѣеĿģǶϣһЩϸĴ
ǣǵһǰɣסڱ֮еıȻʼŪ
ǣǣСλкָ̣
λҲһλռʿǷŵĿռֻмᣬϡ棬ʥҲǲ
ָ̲ҵɣϵܣǰǲãһǹٸһλ٣ĵϵˣ˵һܳĵ֮һѾﵽռ
Ǹǧ괫һϼ壿Ҳ˵

ɲҲ֪ҵļҹôô죬һ֮Ҫļͳ֮λǧ괫һλ̸ıʿֵ˵һҵʿԪһռʿԪǧ֮࣬һһ壬һ㶼ʥ򼶱ʿڳϡҼϵλãȻһǧ껻һ»ΪѸ٣͵ˣ˶ǼΪĽܳλپһϣĽܳš
ĴƶҲƳ£ѹ̶ܹ֮Ϊ𿤵Ψһʿ̾
ѽ˵вټ嶼볢ִƶȣֻĿǰΪֹֻһʼչ᳹λǵıʿ͵
үִƶȵǼΪһּ崫ưǧڣҪλһ˲ŵĸ£ʹýɽ˲ųܹЧؿƼĸΪȨλʱãʹüƶȽʱıǨκλˣΪ˸㹻Ŭƴ̼һɳɽʽ˲ţʹüһ֮Ѹ˥䡣֮ͷִƶȵĺô

ƾõңЩĳɳ۹Ҳ
ҲбףƶȻӴںģÿһǧȨ棬һβС𵴡вФΪȨ֣ǻᵼ¼ѡ̾
Թ壬һ˳ȨȦ֮ҲһԼලֲǲˡΪʿԪԵʣЩһǣԾȨ棬ЩǰŲʲôġµط
ţҲԡͷش
߰ɣǻؼҰɡͩɵػֵ
˴ʹһ⳵˽ȥ˵
֡˾Ӧһȥ
ҪʮӣӾͣһֿڡ
͹٣㿴ֿǲ׼ȥģֻ³ˣֿ߰˰Ҿˡ˾ؽ˵
лˡڽ˳̧֮˳
ͩһ߽˽ֿڣ̾͸оʶɨ⼸ʶɶʥ򼶱ʶŸոսֿڶѡ֪ڵ䱸ϲ֪ǰɭ˶ٱ
ǣǰһˣ仯Ҳ̫һЩͩЦ

ףʶ˻ȥ֮󣬷ʶļλʥǿ߶һ£ǿɶȻûмͩӰǻ֮Ĵڣҵڰ
ҵڻˣ
ߵһʱյϢ
Ȼ伱תȸԺĴɨһʱչȻɨ÷ٴﵽĿģȻӭҲѸ׼̶̼Ӳ׼ϡ
Ŵ󿪣һͳϻᣬֻҪûûбչصģһȱϯ
ɺϵߵſڣŴ󿪣Ů澣Ӹ̶˳ż˳Ϊӭһܳ
үүôԳˣعӭ˹ȥ˵λүү
۱ݺ裬μԺүүүүǳϻĶϡ֮λܣ˳ƳΪϻĳԱ
ԭذ°òμһЦݵعе
СӣϽվȥһע㣬Ҫ˵ζϰؽ˹ȥ


356  
үүʲôҪȻܹô¡صӭӣشʵˣҼʹ½Ҳʮеλˡ
̣ǴֹġǵݵҲòô¡ء
죬СӣһھҪˡζϴѵ
ڣ˭ͷԣҿΪе˻Ĳ١ЩﶼΪأƽڸԺ½ٻôİ
ܵ˵ǰڵС
ʱһӰȻ˵ǰ˵Լʮңϡƽ͡
ҵһȨϳߡ
Լͬμڡ߲ǱˣԾ
ӵͩϢϽӭӡ
ϸ˵ﶼѪ
ȻڵңҪѾԾСǲɷϣҵһжǿͩݵλԼͩİ֮²ŷչ
ûͩûڵ
ͬ뿪ͩһܹڵٻûиһĿܡ

ֿڣͩһ߽˽ֵ׾ԶԶؿ˺ǰ
үڵĿ˵ˡЦ˵
ǰȻ΢ЦʵϣһССĲΪڵңľȻǶ
ǻؼһݼҴһһС
ͩ˹ȥԽǿţԽǸܵһԤСֽӵ˼Ҳ˱嵭ˣȫûеһλиˡ
Сܼ磬ЩÿɺãԾһӭ˹ȥ
ܣҪôôƣҲ̫ˡͩһ˵˵
ЩТļһ㲻״ҲǳһƬģʾǵԾһǸؽ˵
̸ֵʱҵ˴Ҵһ£ͷԴȫ͸ˡ
ҳǵȵ֮ǻǲҪΪЩˡվΧ
Сܼλɩɩ磬ɩɩǻǽİɡԾһ

ߣ˵ͩԾļȻһ̤˺š
ȻȥֻͩԾˣ˶ԭء
ǾɽӶλţһִҵĸоҪ֪࣬ԿԼͲˣʲôرĵط
ԾĴ£˶ǰͩʱסǸԺӡ
磬ԺӣһֱΪţǲϢһ£ϣСΪϴԾ˵
ţȻ͵һģһˣڸϣͩȻһֱûʣҲ֣˵Լˣ֪ˣһֵġ
ǲɣֱչˡЩ꣬ﳣչز£һչؾ겻ȡչس֮󣬳һȥʮ굽겻ȣҲв˶ãֻչءԾ͵
벻֮Ļ˼ᶨҲ˿̿ࡣͩ̾ʵ֮ʿղܡƽѣ֮ϵȷʵǳ
Ծͩһ˳Ժӡ
ʱ䰡ʱ䣬벻ʱ꣬ٻ˵أȻһ˷ǵİСѹ˵¾һɱͩҡͷ̾

ͩȻ֮䣬һ˵ܣ֮·ҪݵĴۣ˵ߵˡѵȵȣҲһչسЩ˾Ѿˣ·ϵֹ¶ĥΪУҪࡣ
̤·ǶԣǴͩ̾
翴ͩĲԾҲΪͩеĸܣ˹ȥͩסͩ
ûйϵ㻹ǡ
Ҳͩסү㲢µ㻹һڽ顣ң̤·ԶûлͷĻˣүĿؿ޾ʹ˰׷㻹δɣԸδˡүҪܷ
ͩ˹ˣñʧȻ̤֮·Щ۶ǲɱģܵ˵ԼļѾõˣٸĸڣн檣ΪϾԴҲȱ
һӴ꣬ӵгĵλȨơ
ϸһ룬ûлǷǳġ

ϵϴ磬Ծüȼ־£Ϊμӵ˲ֻ࣬ǰ˲ˡ
󲮣ֶһ
󲮣겻Ƿɰ
󲮡
ͩϺһЩľؾʱ򣬲Լ˾Ȼôõһ
̾Ϣͣظ̾ϧ
Ҳ˼ĸоΥζҲͩϵЦԽԽࡣ
磬ڲ֪ΪʲôЩһһӴˡ𲻵꣬ҾӵʮˣֻʱƶżĲͣĹҲԽԽѡ󣬲ü֮£Ҳòǧ괫һļҹ棬ÿǧһμңֳһЩҵһЩԸߴƴˣߴ֧鲼Ծһϸͩ˵ڵķչ
ԭǧ괫һĹأΪ͵İͩһðʱ˻һء
Ҳô˵ƶٱܹϸλһˣҾӢ֮еľӢԾЩ˼ط


ķԼһЦԽԽӴ޼ɵĻЦѾԽԽˡ
ʱŽ
ͩصԼԺӣǳҹһսڵҹ˯
ڶ磬ͩشӴ
Ҳ˹ŮϴЦݣһһҵرͩ˵үܾþûô˯һˡ
ǺǣǰͩЦ
ˣֻСͩһ§һһ¶ŮķΣȻ𴲸¡
һ޵Ĵ֣˰Сʱ˲ʰϡ
ͩȥԺνԺǵүӸ̵һĵطֻѾؿʮϸķּ
Ժ֮󣬻Ժ
֮ÿһѧ֮ĺӶᱻ͵ѧϰġ
ӽҲֵһǷǳ㣬үڵ򡣼ÿһμλ֮󣬶ᵽνһʱ䡣
ԺһȺĺӣŮһһŬ䣬һٳϣվǧӣ൱
ͩǰѧ󣬿μ㲥ʱΡ

Ůǳйš˲ʽװΡ
㣬ôгòΪְɣȻҲŮӣÿһŮ˶ϲôĵй䡣
ǹ󡣡ѡһȤ£һɫػش
ˣһɻʵ˭
޼ްѵ֪˭𣿡Цʵ
ҡӦ˹
ûҿóĽٶȼ죬̶겻Ѿﵽսڶʮľ磬Ļ۴ﵽĵزѾ˵൱ۺˡһҪԽؼһɽٳɡһ˵һѡ·
˿̵µ൱ϡ١
ţ֪ҿүӣƺһӣҪʮҲ˵ͷӦ
ǣ㲻Ҫˣү۵ԽһصĽپԽѶɣڿȥǷڻۣʵϣΪɽȫ׼
û˵üԡͷͬ

ʵϣҿһٻһΪһΪ˺͹żһ棬ȴǣҡȻһ׼֮󣬷ͻѡɽ٣ȥΪϵԽãԽ󡣡϶˵
ԣγΪүĸ¯ŮӸү̣˵
ûдô£ش
ôңֱǴ룬ҾҵˣԷҲδ֮
˵еţ뿴ɡҡͷ̾
Ҫ¯ŮӣҪԷ֮ǳѡ
磬ǴԴͷ𣬲Ҫ꣬ǿһЩʲСѾͷСһλźӽٸ
ð⣬ôˣкãһʱ֮侹Ȼ˳ϣõĿ˺ؿ˹
һ˺üȤ£֮󣬾߳˵š
ߣɡһ⳵
͵ллϳ֮󣬹˾˵
㣬˵ȥ͵ʵ
ҵ¡翪ĵػش

ͨδͣ˹ؼҡ
νһ˵õȮ졣
ΪͩͬģؼҲΪü޸ͩҲ治ǳ
ؼҲ˵õ˹Ĵ
㹻ӴԴ͹ؼԭĵ̣ټͩĹٷϵһʹһؼҲѸ𣬳Ϊһ壬ۿչȥԾµһ塣
ûоؼˣֱӽ˹ؼңҵ˹طˡ
ʲôˣط˵һʱ˾ȻϢԼҵԺ
Ҫ֪Щ꣬ΪںԴɹİ֮£طҲʥ򼶱Ԫ֮࣬ʵǴ
ؼңʥ򼶱ǿ߾֮࣡
ңѹżе
ط˸Ͻ˷ţ˳
㣬ʲôʱģطϲ˵ŮʮϲؼҶΪ۰ٱϣָǰٴǰķ⣬ָʱٹǿ󡣳ʮĹϼ徹ȻܹһδԨ֮
ĸŮرһ𣬹˺һҶܿؿס
ףôˣֹҲǡطֵʵ


357  Сץ
˵ɡطŮݡ
Щÿɺãˣͩأôûиһطһ¾ʹ˻ۣһͨ˳
һλʡףŵң֪ǻˡе˵
Ŷôˣطֹеʵ
ڷأһаá翪ڻشǺܺã
طһЩҳ漴ŷӦ˹ȵףǵΪѵѾͻƵˣ
ǵģһȺöڷİ£˰񾳽硣ش
ããã˵۹û˵úõ̺ķط˶ͩŮò⡣
ڹط˵۽ѾǸ߸ϵˣؼļҲǳѣٸߵľûˡ
ŮǰˣǴ˿ѾˣѪԵϵϵǲܶϵġؼҲа񼶱˳һԼŮ
ŮĹϵؼҵҷˣֻԽԽȣԶܵ¡

λΪһЩ˽»ġ⡣
ҪΪæѵλҲڲƽطֵʵ
ģֻһЩС£ŮӼѡһЩСɫϼѵŮȥЩ˼˵
ûа취ؼרŵŮ͸輧ͲţûⷽĲšȻҿ϶ҲרŹ˵ĲţϾǱ̫ˣҲȥҶ
ףλϲŮطһ˵ǺϲҲ١ֻҪϲз磬һжá
ۡһߺȲ⻰Ѳˮ絽Ĺطϡ
ں˵ʲôأҲһЦ˵
ѵǣطֵʵؼҼҲһλôݵط˶ⷽ⣬⡣
ŮţҪΪɼ̡ҡͷ͵
С£һҾȥѡطӦȴڰԼҹŮֶ˵ã˵ģ⣬ܹԼҵλǳ
طҲеģŹ

󣬾ǹؼҴӸĹ¶ŮͯŮ輧ͨѾ檵רŻ
˵ˣΪؼϲȨǵġ
ȻҲһԭΪ˼ȶڼڲŮˣܱȴһЩ֪׵ҰŮҪõöࡣ
ĿǰΪˣҲûһרŻ𣬶Ϊ񻹴𣬸ûжãûմȾƵķ⽨ʽݳܺͻ
˵ˣҵǰڶڣҲô
ϼ֮УĻʵһһľһЩ˲ˣ˵̿̽͡ӡع֮ġ
һ⣬һڡ
ط˴͹
һλϸˣҲǹؼʮūͳū澣ūڹؼҵĵλҪȴūҪһЩ
֮йµĹ¡ִܼңһ㶼ū͡ʮϰٴūūͣλˡ
ϾϼӴޱȣʮˣҪܹϹܼҵģ͵ڹһ˿ϰĴˡ

ˣū澼ˡִֹسط
ǴС㣬С㣬ʡ׵ġϵ̺С㡣طΪֽܵϾֲûм磬Ѿһûлˡ
С㡢С㡣ָϽ
ɡҲûλ˭ʵ̫Զˣټϵ̺ˣ˲ֹһΪʿԪ̫ˣǻ꣬ЩͨūҲỻϺüˡ
ȥʺɫϳ˵ڰ굽ʮ֮ŮôСѡطû˵̫ࡣ
ǣˣָϽԸСͷĿǸϽȥмŮ
һǷ˭ҲҵֺɿжҪãְģҪˣǾͿֵ÷˻ģ˵лλˡ
ܿģһɫϳ˵ŮͼݻʣǧɷЩŮò϶൱ɫ
ʿһ˳òҲûãΪòһ㲻ģʮꡢʮꡢʮ֮ЩŮܻ᷼ȥ

治٣Ȼ֮ڣټ˽졣
ΪˣʵǹӦģΪؼϲҲ٣һڲϵӡ
Ҳ̫˰ɣûмʶֳ棬Ҳû뵽
ǺǣҪȫŪȥ֪ү֪ˣ᲻أ漴Ц
ţ϶ţǷһʮҲָʮɣҲЦ
㣬ҵе뿴үʵӦҪҪǡ͵˵
ˣѾͷϽɣǿɾ鷳ˡȻںΪͩһЩ檣ֻ̫˵Ļ»Ūɳ׾ǵͩˡ
͹ˣͷųʶһһɨȥ
˺һ͹һλˣһʮһѾʮˣҪʱˡ
Ůüһͤͤţһ˫ѾǰеĴڣŮǱ˰ָ˹
ֻһֱǹطֱϽĹɭϣδ֮ǰЩŮᱣ赣Ҳûĸ۵ĸҵҰǹؼҵļҲԼҷ˼ӡ

Ժ͸ŴС߰ɣӴԺͲٹؼ֮ˣǹҡط˵˵ͷ
ǣˡŮɵعڵأ˵
СŮڳ֮󣬶´
ָһЩŮ˵ԺҪٶɡȻָСһЩŮ˵Ժͽɡ
ٶС㡣Ůʽڹ硣
Ů㲻ٶһЩ𣿡طֵʵֻˣõôĵع
ˣҺ˶ⷽģҲǵ컯ɣܹѡСп̾ļķǳ˵ٶ˵ɣڼûеô˾ڳ֮󣬳Ϊĳһλи߲Ůֱɫ˥֮޸ˣ˵иһŮģźӹһӡ
˹֮˾ͻԡ̤һӾʸӳõĵ·
̺ͬӣ˲ͬȻҲͬ
Ƕɢȥɡط˻ַԸ
ǣһŮȻȥˡ

ףµһŮʲôʱ򵽣ʵ
ôһ˲⣿طֵʵ
Ϊ⣬һ̶֮Ҽҷ˫޵ĻкôҪǶҼҷİҲСп˸һżҲûط˺١Ůʲô󷽷ؽ͵
˵ǵżͩѾﵽһ𣿡ط𾪵ʵһѿԽģһ񣬵룬ͬ
һȥǷͬ롣
һ˵õȮ찡ԼŮһ԰ŮҲһǸʱ򣬹ؼҾǹ󲻿԰лܰԪ
ٶŮ⻰ɵоϲ֣ǾȻС˵һĸ߶ȣȻ󻹻̺үֱļ
ÿʮ꣬һµĹŮҪĻʮһҲɡط˶ԴˣǹؼҵĻҲԼŮľ޴ᡣ
ȻŮҵλĿǰ˵̩ɽû˭еλȹ̡

ôżȱʮѣ㲻ʲôһλϼҲ˵ʱеǡңףϣ֮ݵŮڵĹŮͨаŪġԼɲϣԼҷѡ檳һЩϵĳš
ŮģΪԹʣԭǼЩ¶ŮģҲһ£ԲЩаطҲ˻пܻ᷸ƽʱҲͰˣιϵԼŮСҲɴ£ҪӲС
ڻȥǵһʱٻȥط˿ʵ
㣬ҿǻס£ȵ֮ٻȥʱҲԸүһ޴ľϲ
һ£˵ͷҲã˵İɣҲԳô˻úõٶ
ǻӦ֪ͨһ÷ġ粹
ǣ㣬ͺүϵˡ˵˵

ԺΪЩǽ̫ȭͩͻȻӵͨѶ
ʲôҪסڹؼһʱ䣿ã֪ˣˣףסþסã˰ɣͩ˵˵ԼܵģҲûйˣһλסһʱ䣬Т˳ĸûʲôõġ
ͩԴǷǳģҲǳͬľ
һλҲδڸĸ߾һТȴ˿ǣңȻרӦԻ̽ˡ
Ҳֺ֪һαչػնʱ䡣
ͩڼµصй˼֮󣬷ҵı仯̫ˣЩӦ˼֮ͩصԼԺӣһνĽ׶Ρ
ͩһαչشոأԼѧԼѧһγ׵ĳҪʮʱ䣬ٶΪλ
ҪǻǰͩҪôĹأǲʺʱֳصġ
ǣʱʱͨ٣򱶣ֻҪʱʮʮ꣬㹻ʱһйĳͳ
ͩҪôʱʱ٣򱶼ļ٣ҲҪ׼ģ׼ȷ˵Ҫ
򱶣ǧٵһٱһ£ǧӺ;õģűеʮǧٿź֮ɵǶԴﵽԸ㣬ҪⲿĲ䣬򳬳ˣҪⲿĲֲġ


358  չʮ
ͩΪóǧϵ鱦Ͷʮͨ鱦Ӷһһ񾧡
ϴ洢һѾȫˣûа취ֻȥӶһˡ
ӶǱȻôӴĴֻϱ繫ֱܲɳλ½磬ֱӸͩһ񾧣ͬʱҲӦ鱦ת罻
ϱ½磬ֻһʱЧʵѾ൱ˡΪͩڹڲߣйϢذ졣
һ񾧣ȷʵӴ󣬵ĵ˵ţһë㲻ϡ񾧲ôľ壬ÿ춼񾧱воծŽȥģ֮ÿ񾧻ծ
ļʵߵͣ˴ÿ񾧶٣ֻǾĲü㡣ͨҪ幹ľ޶ծٶģΪϢ൱߰
Ǹ
ָ߰ϢıԳɹġ
ʧܣֻҪϢҲ壬ǾֻУǽծת޵ϡ
һϣл൱ʴȵˡϾƵ˼ԸԲܲ

ɹ֮Ԫ޾ǧʱ񾧻ծҲʲô¡
֯ĻĿҲΪ˷һЩͨʿ㹻Դܹ
£вѾﵽٽİʿȴΪȱԴ޷
ҪⲿԴ֧֡һҲʿܵԼĵطɵʿô鷳ֻܹù٣пСǧ硣
󳬼յǣڽ֮ҲҪΪȺףδ֮ǰıдԴĹ֮ǾʹԴ߳ΪԴߡ
һ֮У󲿷ֶÿ̶һΪ
Щţ˵ս񼶵ţǾͲҪô鷳ǵĹ׾Ϊػսػսػ԰ս
ҩʦһҩȺʦΪȺһ鱦ɱ̡
ͩõһ񾧻صԼԺ֮󣬰ѹӱ֮з˳ΪԼͬʱ֪ͨԾһԼҪչ
ܻչؼʮꡣ
ʱ֮У÷ĸѾͷԼҶ

ͩȫӽǶ֮ڣһӴΪ֧֣˵򱶼ټʮ꣬򱶼궼ˡ
ҪǳĻпֲܾ֧סˡ
򱶼ٵ̫ˡ
ͩ򱶼ٷΧֻ﷽Բĵط
ͩʼһαչء
һαչأǵĴһۺԵӷ򵽹Ӧõȵȷ涼ڡ
ķ£Ҫһһ򣬲һظǰٱǧС
ʱҲʿԵһ
ȻڲµĿյһطͩԼҪһһŲѧһŻһطټһ깥طһط
Ȼ൱˼ʱġԴط봴ܹģҪеģҪѴľȥоġ
еʱˣʱܹһطв㿨ϰǧҲδܹǴҲ͵طͺͩڴ֮ǰļûĲط

ʱ򱶼֮£ͩڱչС
ʱҲڻգۼʮȥˡ
һֱغڹؼҵĹʮʱ䣬ٶСѾͷǼϰżʦΪȲ죬൱ι̡
ŮڶʮҷפյסŮƽʱڵò
㣬ٶҪȻѣȷʵЩˣֻȥ˹ѣ͵үǱ߽˫ͻơ˵缸꣬ٶѾǶϰ۷壬һֱѰҾѡ
ǵ츳ȷʵȲ͹磬˶޷ͻҪһؿ
Ǿ͹ȥ˹Ѻˡ˵ͷ
˹ѺȻѣʵ϶һľѡ
ֻ˹ѻĴ˵ıԴȻ򲻻ȱ㡣
ԴˣҪֲ൱ѵģΪԴڴ֮ȻһЩ
˹ѵʿʥ򼶵ʱĵıԴͻΪεԾǨҲ

ȻԹңǰֲԴ¡
㣬˶ʮ꣬Ůƺһѻתϡ
żչҪʮ꣬еʱ䣬Ⱦǣ˳ɳ֮׻˹֪ͨǵġһҲżЩ½ŮûйʣҪüƣˣٴߡ
ҲΪ˱֤ԼԺİ粻һЩ̺ͩԲһЩǳĽûȥüլ
ؼŮˣǶ̺˵ľӢŮԼˣΪֵ̫ܹɵعԺͩĴ¡
ڴʱٶһλŮ˹
С㣬ֽ㣬˹ˡ
翴һˣʵ£
ū澼СС㣬˽ū֪ͨλᡣ
ܺã֪ˣȥɡͷӦ
߰ɣ㣬ϣһܹһ԰˶ȫæվߴٵ
ţðɡͬ

һ󣬴ʱطͽְŮǶ
һҲûе飬ųʶѰ
˺һŮһۣҡҡͷ
Թط˵ûҪˡ
һҲûУطʵ
ǵģסʧػش
ûа취ֻõȵһٿˡطҡͷ˵ҲʹŮҪʲôʵŮӣֻŮ˵Ǿֻңˡ
ִٶصԼҸ¥Ϣ
ʱٶ֪ԼǶôˣһ˾ȻһûбѡСǵ˰˱ӵĺˣȻѡ˳ӵѧʿĻԵ
ýʱ䣬ʹȥ˹Ѻˡ
ͷͬǶŮٶѾͷ˹ظ쳯۶Ͷȥ
˹ѵĴ첻ףֻйٷּ
ŮӶ滹ûǸȨܹùӶȨ޺ʹǺͱ˰󶨵ģ䱾֮⣬˺ʹ˵ĹϵҲ޷ЩȨޡ
ֻдٶȥ쳯ĵ۶

һСǮͶһЩϵٶܿͨ˹ѵķʽܣͻƵؼ
۶ĵط˹ѵӵܡŹӡСǣһϵҪӣǾԲܵġ
絹ûʲô̫Ĺϵͩȴ۶йϵͩ͵۶ļλ߲㣬ϵ˵պλ½ĸ߲㣬棬ʲô
֮ٶϴϲЦݣ˶ޱȵ˷ܣͻƵؼζԪ֮á
ҴӴԺ̤ʿĵ·һλǿƵүպǰ;ǰ䵽ĳһλ߲µҪԾˡ
߰ɣǻȥˡк
Ѿͷγһظȥ˷ܾȴһֱûн
մӾҽԺĴųȻһʿüس˹ײСѾͷϣСѾͷΪһʱ˷ܣûмʱӦͱײ˼ˤ
㣬··𣿡ٶĵҪһЩΪͻȻײЩ˵ؽ˳

ûлػҲûͣ°֣ɿԶȥˣһһȺ׷˹
ԶԶؿ˵ӰҲǷǳ׷ȥ
ٶһֱײϣҺöŮķӦʱ˿
С㣬ûò
ˣһ²һ£˵ˣĲ̵ģ··Եʡ絹û᲻ұ鷳
ŶѾͷ˼Ӧûٶ˵
һֱصؼҵʱСŮһֱûаȴﻹǷǳ˷ܣ·ʱϵЦҲûм١
ҲѾͷûֹͺȳ⡣
һ˻ص˹ؼҡ
ȥϢɣټµ˵
ǣС㡣ٶطϢȥˡ
Ѿͷסһ𣬻ص䣬ҪԡϢʱ
⿪Ȼһӯ
עĻܷĴڡ
ǣɺϵǣٶۼطڵϡ
ǰһ

ʲôٶ֮԰ֱе졣
֪ܿǴմİɣ˰ɡûⶫ
ٶоĹ죬˵ֻĻӴӳȥ
ˣٽ㣬˵үǸʲô˰˧˧ӺòãѲ̺򣿡һ㽵ʵ
Ѿͷң˭ȥûмүҲүһһλӢۣ˫ӣҪȻСҲү̤صˡٶ˵
Ƕףһ죬Ҫү޵ģȻвԣڴΪŮӣҲЩߺʹȶ
ϻүĳţŹˡүܹ̺үҲԸˡһݵ˵
ˣٷˡٶȡЦͬʱҲмڴ
˼Ҳûзأٽ˵û𣿡ɫߺ죬ط
ղűӳԲ¹֮£͸һɵ»⣬ɢһصϢ
Զ֮һĽһ˱ʮһȺ´Χ
Ϊ֮ˣһѪɫĳ۵ߣűΧˣ˵ѾӲˣɡ


359  ̫ˮ
벻ҾȻ˳Ҳãϧ㲻õ˾Ժ״ԶԶض쳯㵽һϷҲҳߵ˵
˾٣ΪҴ̫֮ˮ龹ȻɥĲȫңѱ㣡˵̬ȼΪǿӲ
Ǻǣ㽻벻ɲ㡣˾ЦΪѾԲڶƿ֣֮УһССռʿ뷴ɱҲУ
ֻҪڣ˵ҲûϵеطԹԽ
ٺ١ûлˡͻȻ¶һƹЦݣԴϢȫˡ
ã˾ɫһ䣬嵽ǰϸһ̽Ѿˣ쵰Ȼͷ˶ֻǵŷ
ΪˣҾû취𣿡˾Цһŭ
˾ͻȻɢһϢҹ֮УһɭɫĻͻأس֣˾ġ
ڤۻ꣡
ڤǶ֮оһ壬Ⱥ൱Ϳ£ǣҲüֵ

ڤǷǳܵģҲһЩ⡣
ǾͻɢɢҲҪһ̣̾ǿõʱΡ
ɭ׻ͻȻɢɢƺѰʲôһ
ǹ˺þãȻ
ڴʱӵԴͻȻһһĹֳͻȻԼٶȳ˾
˾ٿǰʿȻֳͻȻϮȻǺץס˹ֳ棬
˾ڿ˹ֳ֮ɫͻȻͳŭɶơ
ɶ񣡾ȻɻƣǹݵģξҲЭãܺã˰쵰ߣι˾ټڱըıԵˡ
ɻƣ˼˻Ϊʳʳ֮ȻͻξҪľϲŻô
ˣǲǸһСӰѶϡĳѯʵ
ԣ˾סŭ侲һ룬̫ˮĵرû˸ҽڱ𴦣Ϊ飬£ҲһЩ޹

һѰȻʲôҲûҵ
ˣûҵ
ȥι˾Ƶؽе̫ˮ鰡Ǵ˵еıﰡ
۷֮󣬵ȼ𣬹ɾ
ٻ꣬ǳһؿȻȲϳҪɵס𡢷ôѣȻвСѶȣٻ꣬һ֧Ųˣ³ǻ޷֮·
ʹˣȻǰͺ̵ȥ·еĳɹˣеʧˡ
νǰǼ仰˳ͳѹء
̫ˮȴ԰˶ɹٻ֮١
Ҳ˵ֻҪͻƵҪ󣬽飬ҲоųϵİճɹͻƳΪ
˾Ѿ۷Ϊʮ꣬ѾҪȫһŷҪһô̫ˮ̫Ҫˡ
౦԰ͻԼһͨ鱦ͨ鱦ܻӭ
Ϊͨ鱦ûˣ֮󣬿ȵȺѰɾ֮Ԫ޾ͬǴ̫ˮ챦»ҲûԺˡ

˾ڵԺò̫ˮ챦Ŀ˺Īһ㣬γħ
˰ҷеȥҳ˴ӽ۶ȥӴʲôˣκο̸֮Ϸ򡣡˾
ˣⲻѣ۶ܵļ¼ӰϵͳֻҪ¼Ӱ֮ҳ˵٣Ӵʲôˣֻܹ֪̾Ǽ¼ӰǷûǸõ֡һλⷽĺӿ˵
ܺãֻҪа취ͺã¼Ӱ⣬Ϸ˾ٴ
˾͹ϵز쳣㡣
ͨнֵļ¼Ӱһʱڵ۶۾ٶ൱ס
ֻȥҪѵʱ;ҲǼģΪ¼Ӱֻ̫࣬ӵ¼Ӱ۶¼Ӱ
Щ¼ӰǱ˾Ծ˳¼Ӱ㲻ʲô£ֻҪҪ㹻ɺ͹ϵ
ϾЩ¼Ӱ¼ֲʲôܣֻǼϵͳĸƷѡ

̫ˮ˿Ե֮⣬»֮ÿʮڳһ̫ˮˮżѵõã𣬻ȡˮżЧá
̫ˮͨĵͽʿܹġ
ؼңٶ˹֮󣬹ʱŰǵıԴ͸ֲ˻Ҳ١
Ů֮ʿʼչ֣ԽˣͬʱҲС
ʱһΣǶʮȥˣȥһ󣬿ǽȻʧ
ڶҹڴޣڴʱȻӲСԺĻдһɱ͸ǵĺ
ķӦ죬ڸֵܵһ˲䣬ŮֱƴԴͷ鿴
ÿһɫˮνԲ֮жסΪһı֮硣
Ůɲٶ޼ʶĲСѾͷһ۾ϳˮε
⣬̫ˮŮͬؽе
̫ˮͩҸУҲûϡĵȼжߣ˱̫ϡкûڿռ佻ƽ̨֣ǳ̱֮˸ˡ

ֲͩ춼ſռ佻ƽ̨䱦Ҳͬ춢ſռ佻ƽ̨нס
̫ˮ鱾ֻ弶ĵر̫ˮֻļĵر
ʵ̫ˣκӵд˱ȥٶҲ١
̫ˮγɼΪףȻϼΪҪиı䶼ܲȻʱ䣬Ҫʮܹγɡ
Ͻóһ鱦ƿһס̫ˮսƿ֮С
ԣô̫ˮƿӣЩɻʵ
ŮһۣٷųʶϸһСӡ
⣬̫ˮ飿
̫ˮɶ̫ˮȴûκ֮ͷ·һͨһаͼ͡
ٶʱҲӷˣɵվһԣһԡ
һУȡｫ̫ˮУϸһƣ̫ˮûд
ѵһѰļƷ⣬ôʵ˱ԽǷǳ˴˱ڶɽ֮ʱȻ绢
ٶǷ棬ǿɷʲô𣿡Ѿͷ˵

ٶҲǴؼʿˣȻʱԶһ֮Ҫӣһļ൱̡
ϸһ뵽˴ǶǿűĹŹӡʱԼˣһʱ֮䲻˵
ǣ֮һһʮ˵˳
ԭˡ˵ͷ
ǶȥϢɣ²Ҫȥܾˡ˵һصԼڣֲһ硣
˱ӦǵǸײӹϵģöĵˣתƱεǻۣһӾͲ²⵽ʵ
˺оϣ˵ӷǳңǽİˣҲԲʹС
ǣ̫ˮı˾Ȼ˵ˣûһǲģƽĶۣһ㡣ռʿӵһ̫ˮ飬͵ӵһԶҲĽִ֧ռʥ򼶣侲˵

̫ˮǿԼı˱ûκεߵӡǣֻ𰸡һûѡһǴ˱Ѿˡ̾һ
ûд̫ˮ黹ΪߺͷȻ󽫱Ҳٻֵ֮ٻٻˡ
˵꣬̽ԵһԪ
ţ̫ˮ鷢һ׹⣬âһգһӰˡ
˭㿴ӰʱҿѾңϵѪ̫ˮ飬ϴĴ֮ջΪ˱֮˱쳣˭õмǲ¶ףպΪɣܼ£ϱѩޡߣ˺˾٣Ӱ˵һ֮ɢˡ
͹һۣͬʱ̾һ
㣬˹Ȼϧˣҡͷϧ
٣ӼΪ֮顢Ȱ˵֮壬ټϳȫ֮ӣ˱гɣôպĻҲ˵ͷشӹ⾭ҽԺſڣҪһܹиˣӿеĻֻҪǵ뷨

ϸһ룬ͷЦ٣أСһ
Ҳ¶Цݡ
£Ҫ𣿡ʵ
ȵˣˡһ£ûţǰͩϾһ֮
ҲãҲ²үǾԻֵġ϶˵
Ϊʲô翪ʵ
үС֮ʱҲܹȺֻЩûʱȥЩ£һγأټ̫ˮ飬үƢԻ֣شţϸ˵˵ϸ
Ŷôһ٣ǻǺùˡ⻰ҲмַŭͲˡ
ûд˵ĺڰ֯ҲȷʵԲͷӦ
ıվŵ˾ϣһ̵ٵĴ尡ҪǣԲô򵥵ġ˵
һѣʲô鷳ġм˵
ã̫С˾ˣͱȫͬͬİ壬˴֮Ҳмģͬնҡҡص˵岻ǻһİ壬˾ϵȴǱ鲼쳯ܹᲢ


360  ¾㱸
ʱ֮ڵͩ˳ʮչء
ʱͩеķâϢȴԭɬ֮о
ıչأʱţϴͩеǦʹͩľµţĥȥͩеĸ꣬ʹͩ־ᡣ
һŵģ
ʱ⣬Ҳֲͩȱʧĵ̣ʹͩĻι̣㷨ͩڷ֮յӦ֡
ͩرʱֱ֮ͨ
һ̤ĵ棬ľεض١
ڶ̤ɭֻΪ޾𺣣ȼգ֮
̤ɢ¶һƬһɲǼ䣬ɣ
Ĳ̤ɽɽεض𣬾Ƹ
岽̤ر׺޼ʡ
̤ͩȻԭʧٳֵʱѾǧ֮⣡
ͩһȻռ֮Уʱ÷񡢾ĸѾͷںͺҶ졣
ͩȻǰҲһ
үǰնƵؽе

ӭүء÷ԼҶͬ
ЩڼҲǰɣͩľնڻУ̾
үǹúܿġŮͬ˵
ͩһ֣Ůһʱ
ͩչصľ֮⣬һֱػǰĹҲע⵽Ķ򿪷һƣÿͩˡ
һαչأջΣ࿪ĵʵ
ջᣬ¾㱸ֻ벽ҾͿԿһˡͩΪ˷ܵ˵˵ʵʮıչأͩҲ֪Լʵж󡣾Ҳͻֻ֮ͩҲ벻羹Ȼ˼ѣͩʮıչأҲֻڶʮ۷塣
ͩջȴǾǽĸֶ̰ϣˡ޵䡷һ첽һԪռܡǰΪΪѧ˼
ͩѾоͷҵˣֻͩһ⶯ٽ٣ɽٶɡ

Ůˣϲǡ
֪ͨǣҳˡͩԹ˵ת⡣ɽٳɵķǾԴڵģԣͩ˵
˵ٶҲֻǵ˵Ķѡ
ԶڹؼҵĹõϢ
ãˣҲûȥˡ˵ؽе
Ǿ߰ɡ˵ͷã̫ˮ飬Ҳүᡣ
ȥĸ׸ٶſڵҡ˵꣬㾶Գط˵Ժȥ
ٶ˵үˣ׼һ£Ҫˡ
ٶˣЩЩڴضһۣϽʰһȻŻһؼҴŵſڣȴŹĵ
ܿ죬֮󣬻֮󣬱뿪˹ؼҡ
ͨ󣬹˺ܿصҡ

ү
ڹԣǶ̶ʮ꣬Ȼʱ䲢Ȼʮͩԣȴʮ¡
ǣ᳦޶˸ˡ
ͬˣֻĵλͩһ֮Ϊ⣬Ůȴࡣ

ٶΪɵ檡ܵ
Ѿޱȹӭִм־ִٵضͩΰݵū澰ݼү
ɡͩεЦ漴˹硣
ѩͩԼһۣϽ͵ҲֻҪ˶ȱ֤պΪ֮ǰһ֪һˡ
ˣΪǹ㣬ΪҲ֪ΪҺãȻкԺǾɵɡͩϸ˵һλ󷽵ӣҲȷʵϢĸͩҲϧ
Ȼ뿪׼ȥˣʮ˽ͩϲã֮ͩϲľǺúôһ١
һ棬Ҳͩ͹ж˶
ʱһٷḻײͱ׼ˡ
һʮһˣշǳ졣
һٴͳ꣬Ȼٲ˷ҹ
ڶ磬ͩŴ֬ϴһ֮ͩųԺӣˬشһ̫ȭ
ͩҶʽ뷿УٶΪΪߣʱûбͩҡ
˽ָܹʱ֮Уһǧꡣ

һαչأջΣ֮󣬿ͩԺȭ˹ȥһһһʵ
оܺãʮУҵľȻû̫ջȴǲС˵¾㱸֮ұɽˡͩ򵥵ػش
Զɽٵİж٣֪һٿɲ򵥰翪ʵ
գšͩһ£شΪֻۣңһİҵİա
ֻɣü
ɾͲˡͩЦһٶɹƱɳӣӴԺ󣬳˥֮⣬κˡ
һܹɹ˽٣ɸ룡΢Ц˵
ΪͶл˼ˡͩЦ
չؿޣȴ֪ҺҲһ׮¡ת˻⣬飬ҲΪ֣
·գ˵ͩʵ
ǣ㽫̫ˮϸ˵һ顣

ͩգҲ㿪ڴµҲѣ̫ˮϡѰȷʵһԴ˱ΪۣҪǲ
ǣȴΪ˾̾쳯ʵСҪѹȾ͵˾٣һٽ˾ϴԨ޷̧ͷһݣκξٶݾߣ󻼡粹ֻ˾ܹ쳯нְλͲ˾ϵˡ
ǺǣΪ᲻֪˾ϵѲ˾ϵıվŵ߽ͩЦо
ʲô˾ϵıôվһλޱ𾪵ʵ
˾ϵıվһλĻҪ˾Ͽ»ķǳףѹ˾쳯֮ȴֻһλѣļϿʵȲҡ
ʵϣһǿĲ֮м񣬶Ҫ֮񣬴ľ硣
˵ҵλΪ綼ֻ൱սµľ磬˾ٵľȴսʮľ磬ֻһͿɳΪ
һλȴɱλ½
ԣʵﵽһĳ̶ȣҪˡ

ͨİ֮УǿΪҵľ綼ߣʵ
ͩĻҾǻĻҲ׼̤
Ϊͩһ˾ѹԷȫ塣
㲻֪֣߽Ҳһλ൱˵õ˳΢˾ѧգһһӡȻ˾˵ͻƵľ磬˾֮¡˾λ߽˾壬紳ǧжɾ
Ȼ˾ң˾ҲΪİģ崫Ҳû˥䣬˾мûаҲ˾ҷֺ
ͩ˵ͣŹڣˣ
ѹ֣˾ٸҵнȴһڰ֯Ȼ֪ϸѵרŲ̽£ʵ
٣ĳһõȱ㣬ǾǼǳ𣡵̫г֮⣬ֻǵؼңϸһ֮ˣҵλ࣬ʵ㣬κβ˾ҺλͩһЦ˵

ͩȷʵǺޣһһλǫǫӡӱʮ겻
ͩĳң඼ˡ
ʣµģǿĳң˵壬ͩʵ㣬޷ȺϢҲյݡ
ţһţͩٵӢһȺ֣ƫƫҲ˭ɵġ
ͩǧǰͿʼ֣׼ʩиǿҵı
ͩʥΪط½ʱֻͩǵ鵽ʵԼܿģǹϵط˴¡
ͩݵλ㣬֮ûĸð֮ΥѰͩ鷳˭ҪǸң
ǵͩȴ޷ӶȥԼ
ҪֲȻ߽ϣģ˵ܹӶŵݣ翪ʵ
ǣˣ֪ˣȻ鷳ȴ൱ǿģֻҪ߿Ƽ˾󳬼֮ʱ㲻ع˼̫ࡣͩһЦش
ˣͩмΪ֮Ǳһɽ֮ͩ䣬û̫˼ɡ
˵ͩնɱʨңȴ鷳ͨӶĨͩ©

ǷһλɲöԸȰ˵Ҫ֪ع˼µĺҲ޷ӶʵԸǿаɣ
ţȷʵˣκһλСӣҰ·ӳҲһͩͷϵ
ͩûԹ񣬵ǴΪʵ֮նɱǿһλʨҶѡ
ͩûһλ񽻹֡
ͩҲʲôͩû񽻹֣ʨȴսܹͩնɱʨңȻ߽
ڣͩͦڴһλؽ֣ܹͨλ֣֮ٴͻƿ
ͩչʮ꣬Ȼչ֮ǰ࣬ͩġ
ͩǰ̫̬һЩͻƵٶ̫죬һͩˡ
ҵλ߽ͩ漴ת˵
ҲգϣȫΪҪգԱȫΪһҪǺڲ𣬵ȹЩʱ򣬷ͻ֮ҲһȰ˵


361  ֮
ͩЦЦ˵Ҫ˾ϣĳԳ֣ͩȻرࡣ
Ŷжߣʵ
Ҫֻһ鱦ӣ˾٣һе鱦ΪͣȻ˴ͩ͡һƽ˵
ˣʱͩı鱦ͩҸʲôͩΪķ˾ʣˣ鱦ͩ˵Ȼëëꡣͩʦ鱦֮Լơ
˼ԡͷ޵ֻΰѴ°ò˿ۼӳ顣
ͩЦЦ˵ȻˣǴ½ɡ
סͷӦб֮ջ˲ͩƳ鱦ߣЩ඼ƹš
ͩȭһٷʢ֮󣬹ȥԺټͩһ¡
ͩ͵Ժ档
Щϰѧģͩ͸оصʱһ㡣

쳯۶Ϊ֮أ֮ˣǾӢܡҲǴ½Ψһһûз˾סĳС
Ӷڵ۶Ϊĵش
ӶĴ֮УǿƼ߻񣬻񣬻ίӶżƶȣֻԹԸյŶԡ
оżӶᱻᡣ
ûľżӶǵڣΪͭӶ㣬ȴܹӶõԴԼӵһЩߵȼ͵õһЩҪõϢ
¼䣬ɢ޵ԶģЩɢ޾ͨӶԴ
ӶĴ֮Ум޴ĻʾȼμʵϣĻͨ͵ȼӶģƽϵԲڴ֮ʾ
ǰ˳ͻƵʥΪ֮뻨˳ͻǱ뿪ں쳯۶ӣŽȡӶ׬ȡԴ̶꣬Ѿʥż۷ˮƽֻһͻƵֻҪͻư̸ס
Ѿ˳̤˷֮ţ÷֮£ͻư˵ȷʵΪϣֻǸͻƵԴˡ
ӶģȻ׵ƽӶ

һ죬һ
ƽ񣬽Ѿ˹Ծżƿء񽻽Ӷڵķ֮У񽱽һ㡣
ݿڿһٰƷڴϣɨ֮
ƽӶңɻƽȡϬһһվʯԵ
ѯ˵
ңӶȼƽ𼶣ʣֶǧʮ㡣
Ҫһͻưõҩһٶ㣬ʱ仹ü̾ѡΪʮ񡣡
ؼ񡪡ͺ֮˾ͷǰȼһ㣬е鱦һ߲ͷÿһ˵ǰȼһ㣬ͨ鱦һвͷÿһ˽ǰȼһǧƷһײԱͷÿһ˽ǰȼʮ㣬ƷһǺԱԴ񷢲رṩȡޡ
ƽ񡪡ȡ޾һö㣬վʯʮšȡޡ
ƽ񡭡

ҿУ˲䷴Ӧ˹ؼ񰡣ǼΪϡؼǲֵȼģӶҪҪ߰۵ġ
ΪӶȻؼĴ뽱ͬҲ˵˲ҪӶ꣬øӶӦıꡣ
˻ǲƴ֮ĽԽ񣬸Ĵ۾Խ
һ켣Ӷֻ꣬ؼ񣬶ҶȲôӴͽ
ȽԻ˷裬رǷ߾ȻһݺĳԱϣϣҪӶ͵ûĻƽ֡
񣬽ֱۺ÷ߵĽһе鱦
鱦ʲôѾֻ̤񼶱ķ᲻ףһͨ鱦ģһе鱦ǻ֮͡
ȻȣҲ֪ǲɵġ˾ǺҲǿ۷񣬷֪Լǲġ
񣬺߲ͷҲΪ񣬾Ȼͨ鱦ãֻҪһͨ鱦ԼõĻĲƸԼͻư񣬲һֱ۷壬ܴ빹ϺԴ

ʹղ룬Ҳܹճһɣ
вԱһ˾һƷߣƷڵ۶ȻҲֵơǷõҲǰƷƽ𼶶ѡ
ȻϺĵײԱͣҲ˵ƷҲǼΪѵõıɢ֮Уò˶ǣǾԻ⽱Ȥġ
Ҹұ֤һ䶯ԱͷѾͷˣһɽһ鱦֣
óɣұȡ
񼺽ӣϴ䣬ɹڲޡ
ķҷ׼ȥɱĿˡ
ԱԼгֻҪѡһԼĿˡҪ죬˿ɾͱ˽ȵˡ
ؼһʱʿľ̾
۶֮Уʿռһ۶Ȼ󳬼ĳԱҲʮֶġ
һʱ֮䣬ֻҪõϢʿ׷׽ȡ񣬵õȺǹƥ
ʵ̫ϸˣǲżõĴؼСһҲУײԱ֮ڣ
ЩײԱΪ΢۶֮еĶռʿ֮Ȼ޷и߲˳Ա񣬵ǶЩײԱֵ

˸ߺţˣˡӶᣬ뿪˵۶
ȻЩ֮ϵ˵ȻҪԼȥ飬Ҫ˵ֶκ·ˡ
һǵ۶֮У½һж񷢲
ȫ½ҲǲСġ
˾Ϊ쳯нĽϵȨС·Ҳ㣬ӶؼһܿյѴϢ
˾֣ʲô˻𣿡ͨѶһ˾ٵս֮һĳŲӵжӳﳤ
쳯פΪ֣һǹܵӡһǾ½ȫֵ
Ȼ߽Ϊ쳯֮ƹܣʵϣֻйȫ쳯֮ĵǲҲ쳯֮ʵյ߲㡣
һ½쳯֮Ҫ췴ţȻǲ̫ܷģܣλ쳯֮˵Ļпܻ췴ġ
һ½쳯֮췴ܹǲľֻйǿǲܵöġ
ҲһϲƺֶΡ

ô˾پȵʵʱһʼ˾ٵѶնϡ
ʼǺ֯ʮ𼱣֮ʲŻᷢ͵ģ˾һ֮ҲûмһΡ
˾һﳤͨһߵ㿪ʼ
ϸһƣ˾סˣﳤΪдһˡ
˾֣˾֣˾ѾյϢѾڲ׼أ˾ֻรɣûһȫĵطﳤ˵꣬ҲͽͨѶܹţѾ御ˣʵ̫˾ٵͷȻֵһе鱦ҲΪģ˾йĽ飬Ҳᶯֵġ
·ͻȻΪ½Ĺ쳯֮ȻҲյϢƾӶ֮ڵȨޣϸһͲ鵽ͩϡ
͸оһͷۣͩǻʵǻһƫƫ߲еɡ
Сһͻɣƫƫô£˲ʡġҡͷ̾
˵򹷻ÿˣСһҪ

ˣּ⣬˾Ϊ죬ΪĨڣŸȥнΣְͣ顣´ʥּ
ʥּܿʹȥ
˾Ҳܿͽӵ˷´ּ⣬˾ɵˣ֪һΣǲ²
֮ǰ˾ȻǣйְκҪõһ¸Ҳ쳯ɷ࿹⡣
޷Ҳû÷ʵˣ´ּΪά쳯档һõ쳯нȻһڰ֯Ļɽ鴫˳ȥԻ쳯档ְǿ϶ģҪ鶼ûа취
Ȼ쳯֮УӸλǣ䱳ҲȫȻǸɾģϲ̨棬˽֪֪ˮˮˡһ̨棬ôΪά쳯棬̨ǿ϶ˡ
Ȼ⵹Щ󳼣ɲ뵱ȻȥعԷ˽׾˵ġ
磬ܵ˵ʵϣʵ׵Ŀ˵ɺڵģڵĿ˵ɰ׵ġ
ԣع⣬ûõģҪаһӴʵ
˵Ӷ·ؼ
һе鱦ʮͨ鱦ټӴľƷߺƷߣԻӴʵ԰˾ϴݻ٣

Ϊʲô˾ϣǺΪĸ߲㣬ʵ˾ϵĸ߲㣬вͬˡ
Ԥ˾ϱȻùΪԷͨӶ´ؼ񣬴ҶỳӶᷢȨԡ
оΪһڰ֯ɵĶǼ˵ĹڽȡʿԣһڵվסŸ
ټϷĽӢӶ׷׳
˾ٵٺãʱҲ̿֡
û˹ְܹӦЩһе鱦նͽˣ
ͣ˾ԼҲΪģǲԼԲȥȡ鱦̣
˾ٿΪͣе񶼻ӿһЩ񶼻ᶯĵġ
˾ǿѹеĻ֣̿ﲻͣ˼˭ͣԼƺûеλɣ
ܹ͵Ȼ򵥣Թαضزز־޶Ĵһؼ
ⲻϳ


362  ˶
ؼһкԱ̳ΪɣΪϵͣǰ˺̵ظɱԱΪͬʿǣԼĿ꣬겻Щи߲񣬵ײԱ಻ʤɱʮ˸ģĲҲС
ֺ׬˭Ҫ
Ѵؼ񷢲һ̾Ѿˡ
ͩԾ֮ͤУһ߶һߺȲ졣
ֳΪβü˽Ӷؼ񣿡Ծһ֮ʵϡ
Ϊԭ˷ġͩӣ˼ţһʵش˵ʵоֻΪǻǲģΪ൱֮壬һϣҶռ˶ٱˣʵҲǴһʱѡ
ʲôȻֳΪԾˣֱʲνͩһУͽ½ǺԱǾ֮񣬶أһٱ¶ǿɾȺӿϣʬ޴档
ЩԹȴöЩСӶֻ֣һˡͩЦ

ֳ˼СܲӡԾоȣͩ˵ĸֻСһЩֶҲСһЩ
λıܹһþȱ£ΪҲʲҲͩЦ
ԾͩӶЦ
ͩأЩԾʱͩ壬̸Щľֵ֮ΪʱµЩѾ
Ծǿʮ̵ͩƲŷչزﷱʮʢá
ʵϣҪƽϵĻ֮ͩĹϵ̫ҸĸڣڵҺּܻܿҡ
ԾͩѪԵףͬͬĸ
Ծ֮µ֮ͩĹϵɾ͵ˣûмͩһҲڡ
˵ʮʮ֮ˡǹϵ˴Ҷ֮⣬ѪԵϵ͸ˡ
ĸֻܹԾܹ񣬻ܹһֱʢȥһԪľ֮ǰɲʱƣ֮֮ͩϵֻԽԽ

ͩӹ൱дƽûôȷѪꡢĶǣҲûѹһжƽˮ
ĳңͩҲΪǶԼƽ
ңڣ檳ȺĺӣͩЩֲ˼
ʮʱֹȥˣڷ˶ԣмʮꣿ
ͩʿ˵ʮֻǵָһ˲
ؽ
үүǱߴϢһββιۼ䡣ѾøٶЦݵش˽
ʱͩȴ֮УͺҶһǰһͩϵҪ˼
ʮٶʱ֮ǧ꣬ɾռ뺣ҶΪȣұͩ뷿С
Ͳȥˡˣôˣֳͩʵ
үĻѾųɣֻвһԶ䣬ûзٶڻ㱨
˾أͩʵ
˵ĲѾˣʱԷٶʵش
˾ûͩʵ
˾ʮǰ˷֣һƴɱΧ֮󣬱伣ˡٶ

˾ЩͣȻܹڶֵΧ֮£ܹʮꡣͩ̾Ȼ˾ٵı²Сѹб쳯ְн֮Ρ
˼죬ϲѾͷͩķ֮С
ʣµҲҵˣٹЩӣ˫ޣʱȫܣͻƵĳɹҲ󡣡翪ĵؽе
ͩһ£漴иж磬ӵ뻳У˵˷ģΪ򶨲÷һѪ׷ѡ
˽һһЦΪͻѾͷȥˡ
ؼҽáҶټ黭Ǭ롢ޡ㡢ҡ˴˫¯Դ룬ټ޼˫湦ܾͩ۰˶һӺʵ
ͩĵز޼ĲϣҲ൱̵ģ״˴¯˫֮ɵõϵİϢϢɵʿСǧ֮ʱŷͬһĺô˴Ϣ컯պͩСǧ֮ݻͷչ

һжѾףֶʮأ˾ϵشѾʼˡͩ㱨
ܺãϷվҪʼˣһҪ೤ͩʵ
Ҳʮɣ翪ڻش
ţҲ㳤ͩ
ԺͲ˾ԭԺһΪηҪֿ£ѵҪ˾ϱĿɽѯʵ
ˣһ͵ôӸĨɱǣ˵֮оŴ󳬼ҪĨɱ֮κһͱȳĻļԪ֮ǣ̸θ֮ı߽սȥ÷ǳңδؾ˽ǡսǰĳС֮ʱΪ֮ݡĳվһǶȥս˫Ⱥ֮֮١ɳµıȻǾӢͩ̾ԣҪ˾ϣȾ͵ó߽
ǣүǿʹǶеҲʲôӰо塣
ڵĹ˵ͨķ̫أһɾͲһˡ
ɿһ󷲼۹˵۹Ŀ֮

κһСӣλɼǿͳƳġ
ںɳһλ˵Ҳġ
ֻͩǰһͻ
ù粻òĺ͹˼ɡ
ͩЦЦ˵Եһжǿ
ͩʱʮСΪؾǧϻ֮ôǱޣųɳڵĵزȴΪԭһֱû潻
л޼ɵսţǸս֮ϣԾ񣬸϶Ѫ
ⷽ棬ͩǡ
ȺսҪؿͩȴǲսɱУΪԸ⣬Ҳῴȥ
Ϊʲô
Ϊͩһսϣô֮оͻɳǿߣͩɱ
֪·ͩȥͩһǫǫӡΣǽ֮£
ͩ⼺ҲٶȰֻǿ˵ǷҪӦΪ
ͩЦ˷ģΪı֮ˣȫһûһİգŶԣ

Ĳֿʼˡ
Ǵ˾ϵϲһֻҪһټ˾ǣ֯һ£ϲʧء
Ƕ侭ԴǲֵصڡҲǼЧڣԲҪʮʱ䡣
ʱ仹Ϊ˾ϴý㣬ҳûٵԭ򡣷ֻ
ִҵϵľ˾ϱλ֡û˾ϵº֡
ΪҵֻҪ˴ͷͻһȺ㣬˾ϵҵ̫࣬Ϊ˾ϵĲԴں֯ޱõԶԶʤ⡣Ҳѹ˾Ըһɱ֯
νɱ˷Ż
ͩңռ佻ƽ̨⣬ģ󲿷ֶɱġ
˾ϵҲɱġ
ֶֻͬΣǴҵȫһˡ
ͩɱ壬վĽǶȣɱгһ
˾Ǻͩȫ෴俪ɱ֯ɱ켺Ϊһ֮˽ΪҴ½ΪҲ㲻塣

ŸҴӾ磬˾ϵһ첻һ죬֮еĶǿߣʣ޼ҵ׷׵ջǱչ˾ǿżĵάţǼ֮У˷࣬ȥҲһ취
ά˾Ҿǲͻʥ򲻾õ˾ǧΪûǣ֯飬Ҵ
Ϊ˾һľҪȥ˾ҽ᳹ûΪһҡ
棬ҵҪȫûĲᣬȥܿķѡ˾ǧ˾ҵһؾ֮У̶ڴ˴˵˾١
Ϊһһ壬·Բ٣ܹʮҲûб֣
˾ΣѣҲϵ˾һ֮˾һֱ˼˭Ҫʰ
ôҲò׼ôմѪ̫̫࣬ҸǱضǣ˾ԴҲ֪˭µ֡
Ļ֮˵ֶΣĥ͸ΪβԳ֣
ѵΪɵ
뵽˾ٴӻȡ˰ii͸أȻһĲ

˾ٲɵӣϢĻ֮˻Ժ֯ô򵥣ǳ˾϶ġ
Ժ˾ϣ˾ϾһԺ
ΪûˣֻҪ˾ϻڣպµ֯˾ˣͻ᳹ʧ
ԣĻ֮ˣҪʧȾ͵˾ϣ
i˾ҵĴ֮ԭöiݼأi洫£ÿΣ֮ʿһöֻΪڴй֮У֮õ飬˾ϵҲһöˡ
˾ϣ˾ٲТ˥֮Σò˵ˡ
˾ǧ˾óһiĬĬطɻ
ͻȻٸλڼִ̫֮ܽӴġ
˾ٳĬһȻi
iɲǼ䣬һӰӰ֣ԼɼǵӰһ޴֮ϣӴ˾㵡
˾ϵĺ󱲣к£ǵ޴Ӱ˫ۣޱȵʵ
ӰѹڳĶ˺ȣһĶĳӿͷ
˾ǧ˼޷˼ֱӱѹſڵأ̫һЩʥṳ̂뷨֮ţֵ֮ܵϣ


363  Ծϣ
˾Ҳ벻鴫֮ȻϵһλǵģԲͨ񣬶ʶеġ
˾Ϻ˾٣μˡ˾ٹؼȴһϲ벻ϾȻһλϵ
ش˵Ļ˾񡭡˾ٽ⼸ʮķƱ仯Ӷؼһֱ˾ϵһһ˵
񣬼Ȼҳ֮ΪǺͰȣȫͬεǻ۳Ⱥȫ֪ȫܣ߽˾ٵĽ֮󣬼һʱͿһжĻвµĺ
ϸһѿĻ֮˵ĿȻָԼ
˭
߽ĳҲ٣ַȴκһΪ
е˼ҵҪʶʶǺ˲Ĵ˾߽֡а
ˣԻᴦ걾˾ᣬһΣһˣպ˾޹ϸ𡣡ֱ߽̹Ե
ף˾Σѡ˾׼Ȼϧܹһ˾ϵĴУôһжֵá

߽Ӱ˲ʧ
ڲ֪ռ֮Уһ֮ڣ߽֮ϣ̾ҲգһΣ֮󣬵ǷʦҲͳ׻ˡ
߽̿ʼϵѺ͹ϵ񷢲֮ˡ
Ӷ֮У߽ҲʶһЩ֣һ½½񷢲Ҳ̫ѡ
˼ʮʱкѴѶʵ߽ҪССؼķˣѵ㻹ȱе鱦
ǱľսǿĲ֣ⲿƫһأɥʧ˽ȡ֮ģŻѡڷ俪ٵ۹ٻ
ǣҲв;ɳɱС
ǰȻȱ鱦ȴװȫսǿ
˵߽ǶûҿҶǴȺս֮ɱģƵսպաе鱦߽ǾԲȱġ
Ҳ޹أֻܰϢұǡ߽ҡͷ˵ûиĻش
񷢲ǳԷ½ҡ
⣬ôܣ߽Щš

ССܹõóôĽ˵ˣһССķΪʲôҪ˾϶֣һȻָԼ
Ǻα߽ʵ
٣⻰Ҫʱˣ˭˵Ҹɣҵıܼ򵥣ֻҳһλš˵ĴӦ˵ġ
ǸûϹսǰʮš߽ͩȵػشͩȷʵԼ涼൱ΪΪһϵɱ
ϲΪǹȻ˭ң
Ӫĸûĸɱͩ
ͩųƮѪڶƮѪսϱֳǿʵ¡
߽ҲϲƮѪĶ֣겻ǣھ͸Ӳˡ
ƮѪ߽λųƮѪڶͩҲǲСӡ
ʱ߽еˡ
˾ϵ˾λͩĻͩû취
ΪʹͩڵʵȲϵƮѪҲҶͩɱ֣ΪȻϮɱţ
ɲʲôսֲģһȺ˵Ҳ·һòҲ̶á

߽Ȱ㻹ǲҪˮ˵ͩһλʦʦӽҪиʲôʧ˭𡣡
񵶣ǣҵĳŵұò߽֡ҡͷ̾
ҲգҪˮҲܣ㲻ɱ֣ҿɲսѷĿ׷ɱ㣡񵶺ҡͷ̾
зִ磬ɷԼսͩһսգó񣬶ԹҲ㾡御Ҳٹ˾ϵˡ߽˵ͷתջǾԼսˡ
ͩݷǱѰӲĶвֻͨԼսֳʤ˽¡
񵶺գشܺã㲻ҿ԰ԼսҪԹս
û߽ش
ã̾ȥϵϢɡνʢ֮ʿӸҺųƮѪڶʵȻǰʮʮţпʵ񵶺ѵ
ģһ񣿡߽ŵ˵

ս񼶵ţȻſʵʵǻȻֻǰ񣬶Ա˵ڻ涼ռơ
֮ǿ󣬾Ϊڷĸ̶ȿ
ǴԪεȵȷ涼ԶԶ
һҲ൱ڰ򱶰֮
񵶺ӶĹϵܹ㣬ܿϵ˽
μˡ񵶺Խ
񵶣ôϵϷν£ɻʵ
˵Ļġ񵶺һͺͽϸ˵˽
Ҳûа취£˭д漰ͩأ
ͩû˿߽ɱȥˣҪô鷳
ƫƫɵǣͩıܣһλʦ񵶺߽
ر񵶺ͩԹ޳ģҪΪ˺ѣˮ
ˣЩ⣬֮СʮԼҵǵı¾Բһ㣬ͱ¦ӵı¾͸ˡ
Լսԣ㵽ֹһǸϼһ֤ˡסײ½磬οڱչ֮Уķֳһʶѡ

񵶺һֻҪӦ¾ͺãܹͨ;òˣҲ߽£һղסִ֣߰󣬸˫²̨һ߽嶯֮£صı磬Ǿ͸޷ʰ
Լսһ»СС»ˣǾٺòˡ
񵶺Χ½磬Բٰ¡
ҡ
ͩڱն̹أ컯֮ͩҲ벻˰˶֮󣬽޼Ŀھ
ΪĲ֮ͬеκ弸Ǽٱ
ӲҪֵ֣Ľʮ˸ȼ
Сֻа꣬Ͳεģһ壡
ͨÿһνһεԾǨ˰񼶱֮󣬾ǵΡԴƣﵽλ֮ǵھ塣
ǧ֮Уһ·ʥ֮ʵλΣͻȼһԾԪ֮
·ʥޱȣһǰ;
ɹѼԪļԪ֮ÿһܹ˳ߵĲΣ

ͩȻ·Ϊ·̫ѣҲͩѡȻһ֮УתʥĹֻ·ʿ¾ת֮Ҳֻǵʮ˼ĳ̶ȣͻһͻƣĻԼ
ͩûͣҲûǸ츳û·
ܹҲһ£˵ͩڣŰ˶컯֮ɹͻƵ壬ΣͩԪĲΣ
ţλǵ壬ܹ洢ڵεĻٱ򱶡
Ҫ˵λ񣬶ǵ塣е壬ǵڶ¥壬λ֮ξͻԾڰھļ
ЩλȷʵҪǿöࡣ
ǣһҪǣθ߲ʵһǿֻ˵Դϱε͵Ҫöࡣ
ԣλλ֮㲻ϸߣʵԲ١
һ֮ˮһ֮ˮһģˮ

ͩҲ벻ԭô£ҲǺ£û˻ԼԪ٣ͩӵ췽һԴɱҲ̫ࡣ
ͩչûã֮µķӵ˽ͨ
ӲμʦʦǱչôôôͳˣֵͩʵ
СӣؼݼҲǣһ׼ǻЦȻأػ֮⣬ȷϡ
ʦʲôˣͩɻ󲻽ʵûаѷ˾Ϻ߽鵱¡
٣СӣԼʲô֪˼ҶϽϵһҪһһءˣ񷢲ֹͣǰ£һʹˣͲٹܴ£⡣ΣԹ
Ŷԭ߽ǶȥˣһΪλ߽ƹءͩٺһЦ
ţڴµķϣҴӦԼսº󣬷½֮⣬ߵһսͩ˵ͷ
νĻߵ򣬾ָ֮Уûκڵյ
Сӣߵشô࣬˵ĸʵ
½֮Ļߵشȷʵ٣ɿһսĵطҲʮ

⣬ȻԼʱ䣬صöԷѡˡͩȵ˵
ã׼ɣɲСӣ߽Ȼȷһսս֣㲻ܴСӣֱԶԼֹȥʶһҲǺ˵ģҲûйϵʱϷɷһսһ仰ȴһ˫ء
ͩˣижɲΪܹö϶ʦΪʦڱչ֮ʣܹΪԼܵͩβж
ˣˣԼΪ֮ɡͨ
ͩҲϻϽѾת˶컯֮档
µʱеͩʱĻ춼㹻ˡ
ȵºͩ˳أһΪǰ񣬲ڵķȴǱ¶ٱ
ȥӦԼǷһȥΪͩΣһһʵ
ţȻǴڼҲ鷳ȻҪһȥǾһȥɡͩ룬ش


364  Ծ£
ͩóʱһ檶УȻ뿪
۶ͩӴ̤֮˳˴͵ͩһɿն𣬴ϡĴա
׼˷֮ͩΪһݹ˹ȥ
ʱŵĿĵء
һռ伫Ļߵǧ֮ڶûκڣһƬ
ͩһӴӰ֡
Ķ֮УһͩʶǷ½֮һ½ķ
˶߶߰ٹϣ൱
壬ĲǷı𣬶ķ
ͩҸһ£λǹ񵶺ڻ켣Ⱥսսպաܵ
񵶺ˡͩȭ
ͩӢۣĺ֮㣬պɾͱȻᳬң˿񵶺ˬʵЦ
񵶺ˣ²ǳé®ˡѫ׿֡ͩػص
һ߽Ҳˣֻ֮Уֳһ߰ٶ๫ľˣǿ˫۞ؿ˹

߽ˡ񵶺ˣ̧һԽǧ֮أ߽ӭ˹ȥضһȭ
ǿȭѹһţ񵶺߽һ
߽겻ʵû˲񵶺Ц
Ҳǣ߽ЦŻش
Ͷ֮䣬ܹӳصܡͩòԶܹظܵǿ
ˣȻ߽ҲˣôԿʼˡһԣԼʤƾʵ÷ڡԹ֤˵ݿڵ
ⳡһһĶԾ˲ò֣ر㣬񵶡񵶺˵Ȼ񵶺ǰйⷽӼ
ģˣұֻ֤֡񵶺֤
˲䣡ôһ
λ׼𣿡ʵ
û⣬ʱʼͩЦ
Ҳǡ߽ϸشͩش漴ͩ˵Ӣ۳꣬Ȼ飬ͩɣҼʶһкαºųƮѪڶ
ͩһ£ȻʧЦҿɴûкųʲôƮѪڶҾңҽͩޣ

ţԭǽ߽ȵ˵һ߶ȡţֻƣƶǳ֮ŻУеǹϵƣеԳƵġ
˵񵶺߽ȡ
ߣ඼֮ΪԼȡһţպгɣžͻΪ˵ơ
߽ǧ˳սȦ֮Թۡ
߽ǰˡͩҲһǫ鷳Ϊǿ
ȡ˹Ƶһһε
ɱ߽۽һ£ҲûܹͩóɱϾؾŹرղá
Щ꣬г֮Уӿ˲ɱòɱġ
߽ɲдɱ֮Сӡֻնĵ
߽һӣһֱϮǵµ
ꡪ뽣ײ
ɢȥҲˣ¶һѾɶӵ档
ͩרҵ۹ɨһѽӦһϵ鱦ɽ
߽ڳ֮ǰһʦֻսʦû츳

װϣͩռơ
еɱԾϵ鱦ҲɱҪǿöࡣ
߽մһǷɽ̣Ҳó˼ȴֻܻɢһɵѣɲϴ
һ֣߰ϵ鱦ķɽͬʱڷɳͷ֮ѹ֮
Ծ԰ѹԵı־
ͩԷɱ֮ѹ⣬֮ͩſɳɱ֮Կֵ֮
߽ҲԶͩãȻԤϣҲòϣܹͩǰʮĳţȻ˵ġ
һİ֮ѹ֮򣬸û˿֮
һУ߽ҫʽ߽һˣһ־ĳ
ֻ߰ѷɽ£Բ˸ǿҵĽâԶеһС̫
߽ת·һԲһ㣬һ˸֮㹥ͩǰ
ǿĸͩ׻㼤ҵؽš
һ󡰸֨֨졣
֮ϵķǲͣش͸㣬ֻǿϧϵ鱦ķɽеɱ֮䣬žҵĲ߽࣬ĹȻϬȴ޷Ʒ

ɶ񣡡߽һͩװ̫ˣ̫ǿһʱ֮䣬Ҫսʤǲܵˡ
ͩˣͩǼʶʵôˡ
߽߰ѷɽͬеɱһҲ˵ܹȫһطͩƣӦֻмεطʹó֮֮ǿԲڰ񼶱еȴɼط
ȻҪʹã֮£֮óǴۿ۵ġ
ͬطóҪóΡ
ߴۻ룬Ų֮Щǰľƣ߽ͩ־սĻͩ췽ףҲδܹϵӮһǿߡ
ͩҲսپ
ǣͩõļǿȫ֮µطҲ˵˸߼Сɲεط
ԶսͩһҲΪ֮ݣ
۹εȸһۿͩһطǻʵĸ߼
һ񴴳߼ʲô
˵ľѾﵽ൱ĵز̤˰žͷС뵽ͩڵ䣬ţ

ѹСһҪƮѪڶĳƺˣһƮѪҪ̾
񾳽˸߼м൱޴мʹõط
֮У൱һ۷мƿϣôø߼ʿ
ͩóӦôڸ߼СɵĵΣͩ˵ƮѪҲԶԶ
˭ͩ겻
߽ͩһǻУʱˡ
ǿƿϵϵ鱦׵ķ塣ǧ֮
ֽѾСˡ
һȻһˣһ·ˣɲ߽ơ
ƳͩԷӴ󣬻ּǿķΧ
䡪ҵıը߽˽ȥ
̸߽оǿҵΣգҪ˱ܣһƳıը˲䷢طգۼͽ߽漰ˡ
Ӵ壬Ҳ֮ӴƳһҲ˷ѵȫϡ

ȻվսȦ֮⣬񵶺һĿ£ͺһλ۷ȫһ㡣
߽ܴһ൱أϵĴϵĴ
ϵĴΪϵ鱦׻һ֮ϣʱڶ̶ʮϢ֮䣬ʧǧ֮ҵ
ʮϢһǰٷ֮ķҪٶΣҲܲϣ߽ٲϣҲòϣͩĶ֡
߽ΪԼҽڣ˵ͩװ̫ˣһеɱֱװݣװʾĸҲòһЩۣ֮ҲͱͩװЩܻͩװǿ
߽֪ͩϵɱûãҪѪˡ˵ϵɱˣǻһͨ鱦Ҳͷǳˡ
ȻͩҲΪһ߽ɵذϵɱóԡ
ɱţ⣬һòôʦڵġ

ϵɱɲóͩסı˵ϵɱ̫ˡ
еɱһףѾ൱ݳ޵ˣҪǻؾǰͩݵţܹһͨ鱦൱ݳˡ
ɱ룬Ҳֻвɱ۷İžͷϲſһͨɱڡ
ؾ֮ǰ֮иǵ״
ܹڣһǣ΢ϵ㵵εľӢŶͨɱһףߵľͩеɱһס
ϵɱһףǾԲܵ顣
Ȼ񡣡ͩа̾ǿҵĴ֮£Էȥˣ
û㣬ûţûҪͷ­ˣҲָܹ֮
֮ǿڴˡ
ղͩһǼǣľ߽üģжԷ
ǶԷȻ˿˲ϡ
ƳҲǶŶԷԴģǿҵıը֮£ǲ˿ˡ
ȫͬն
ǰͩһ֮£·һ

ǿ񵶺̾Ȼ˵ͩеʤ֮䣬װҲʵһ֣񵶺ҲܷϵʵͩеȷɱѰûйɱ֣Ʋķͩеȹɱ֣ϸ߼乥Ͳֻϵȷ鱦߽ܹġ
Աȣ񵶺Ϊͩʵ߽ܿܲĶ֣ۺʵȷʵҪ߽ǿ
ϧ񵶺Ҳ벻ͩʵ֮лҪǿʱʮıչزͩʵҲõ˼ǿ첽Ԫռܣ߼ط
һֲһַطϼǺƳĵԾͩҲδ߽
ͩԸܹ׾㱩¶
һһıԣֲαر¶̫أ
ˣͣ˰ɡΪ֤˵ķͻȻڵ
߽ͩҲֹͣ˶֣˷
սٱȥˣ˵أ߽߽ѯʵϾ߽ǵˣԷӲҪȥҲֹ
߽ǷǳƺģԲſʼûжãʤ֮ʵѾ൱ˡ
߽ȻԼеûóóĻܻܿʧأİͩɵĻǿɾ鷳ˡ
ԳֶεĻ߽ףԼռˡ


365  ˾뷭
Ҳգ˾ϵ飬ѾӴԺ󲻻ٹʷֺ߽̾
⻰֮⣬Ƿ䡣
ͩҲһֱŲ֣˳ƻشл߽顣
ܺã㵽ֹ˺ӦˡЦ
񵶺վ˳ڵȻԽǾ͸ˣˣͩСֵܣǾһˣڡ
ѽǾȸˡ߽Ҳ
ڡͩ
ţҲǸûȥˣλˡ˻˵
񵶺߽ȥֱ˳ռ䡣
תͷͩص˵ͷ˵ܲСС;˳ɾͣϼһﵹһõӰ
ˣҵͩһǫõ˵
ˣ߰ɣǻش½ɡһסͩһ٣ܿͽ˳ռ֮С
Ҫǽ볬ռ䣬ν൱ΣյġΪԶԶ壬ռ֮У޼٣ٶԽ죬ѹҲԽ󣬰ܲϵǿѹ˵Ҳܰٶᵽ٣ġ

ͻȻռ䣬ͩһʱܵӴѹͬХһ
ͩһеᵽʲôгռΰ
ɱһ̵ķͻȻ֣Ϊͩסеĳռѹ
㲻ͩص۶
漴ͩ㾶Զȥ
ͩ뿪ķ򣬹һת͵ȥ
ܿͩصûоˡ
Լҵ֮ͩһʱ
Ȼռ֮УΪ檵࣬ԼҸǵ¥Ѿסˣ깺һ׹ó
ͩˣϽӭ˹ȥ´һſڵӣһ˳ϲ쿪ʤ
ҲһΪԼܹ԰ΪһȳɾͣΪҫۡ
У˾ϵ飬Լӿˡͩ˰֣Թ
ףգѰȥţе˾ϵһʱ˵ͷʾԼˡ˾֪˴սĽһֲ̿ɣ

ʵϣ߽Ȼ˱ԣϵ˾ϡ
μˡ˾ٹ˷ܵؼ
˾٣ѾˣĻ֮˴һϧܣ˾浱ԱжӦγֵĻᣬһΣҲǱΨһһ޿κΡ߽̹˵͵һ㲹Ϊ֮ɡ
˾ɵˣڲƽĵˣһܹԸ
˾ԴҲ벻ԼʲôĴܹסһķѣλĻԲ򵥣ΪβԳ֣
αػôĴԼʹѹ˾ϣ
ˣһ£ɷ֪λΪѣ˾ٿЦʵ
ܸ֪Ҳ鷳֮Ϊˡ߽ԭ֪˾˭ģǺ룬ǲҪͩΪղĶѾˣԱĶ飬˾ϵӽԼ޹أαΪͩ
ͩǰ񣬿պǰ;ٹʮϰ꣬˼һΪҲ˵׼

˾ٴСʱ˹ɫ԰ףɢһ־ĸо
һλ˶˵λݣɼλӲ򵥡ֻΪĥ˾Ͼܹɢ鱦ò˾پ
ֻ裬˲ã𼸺ǰˡ
½صĻ֮£żԽǴƾõļԽӼĴУУֻҪܹ֤岻˥вϣκδ۶ܹ
ڵ˾Ҳ⣬Ѿȥ뷭ˣֻΪѰһ·ʹͥжϾ
˾ٱҲףǳѣΪЩ˻̫ˣֻҪ˾һ£Щ˻Ȼһӵϣʹˮ˾ϲŽйˡ
ţ˾˽űߵһƿƿ߽µĲ
˾ٴƿһ澹Ȼһŵҩ
񵤣˾ټؽе˶
񵤣˵ǵ٣ӰɽٵļʣһŵҩпܻһԭͻƵİΪһµ
˵ƲףΪûã԰˵ȴ޼֮

̫ˮ֮ͬ
ֻû̫ˮôϡѰȶԣ˵ҲҪ̫ˮһ
񵤣׵ҩѶ׼ģ׵ҩ֮Уֵȴ͵ġ
ΪõҩͻƵǱޣȱֻͨΪڻҶѡ
ûдֵҩʵڶɱķչǱ߲㣬һǻῴ
˾Ҳ֪ŵҩ߽İæͲˡ
Ϊ˾ôĵ̣һٹȻټҰ֮бѣﵽ
˾Ψһ·ˡ
·Ҳһֵĵ·
νǰǼ
֪жٰ˳Ϊżǰ棬ɱǧľŻҪпᡣ
ɹʣ·˾ǰͿһǲˡ
ƴˣ˾ҧҧ˵
˾ȥչ׼ˣҪ̵ʱͻһأԷһʧȥè׽Ȥܾܿͻһ˾һ
ڶԷȻö۵Ӹ⣬Ȼ˾Ƿ˵Ҳ˾һĻʱ䡣
ֻҪ˾ûܻжɽĻᡣ

ͩķ֮ڣʱ֮С
ͩҲͬľѾƿǶʱܹͻƵģʵѾﵽ˰Ķ㣬ٸ߹ңʱп£ɲǿЦġ
ڰ٣ͩٿɾ͸ӿֲͺˡ
ͩҪɵһǻ̽٣֮
ǰǼ
仰ĳԶ֮
ɵ̤볤ʱҪɵٸУǿ׽١١ѶҲͨʱ
Խţڰ׶εĻԽٵԽǿֲ
˵٣پëëꡣ
ɵ֮;־ѣ˥ޱȣһעֽͷ
ҲΪ·̫ѣǳɹȥ֮ȴһƽ̹;ܹɹ˥ߣܹ˳ѼԪ
ʵʢΪ·Ҫߵöֻ࣬ڳѼԪϣȴ൱ѡһԶ֮ϲ㣬ǧתֻģûָ㣬ֻпԼȥܹߣȻֻǼ
ɵǲ·֮·עֻܽܰһԨ

ɽٳɣͩҲмּߵһֻҪһȥǾǵԪ޾
ͩȴһֱΪԸδˣڶɽ֮ǰĸһ棬ǣңԲС
ֻǣңһŵļʯܹһؿ
ͩԼҷ֮Уϵɱһ߳ԣ׼һⳤ
ǴżŮͳ֣ӿ˶˾ϵľôݻ٣·
ֶ൱׺ݣ̶ʮ겻˾ҵҵ򵹱գд˾ڲҲʱʼ˷ѣ൱⣬һе˾ǧѹ൱޴ѹһʥʿҪ
ڣھͿ˼ˣһҪͻư˾Ҿˡ˾ǧ̾һ
˾ϴƾã˾Ϲаʮ֧ΪӴҲΪʲôľӢֶɱð˳֮󣬻ܹԭ
Ϊ˾ϵۺʵ̫ǿˣ̫
ڸ־û£ܿ⼸ʮ֮ӿֳ˾ǧڵλʥʿ
ǵˣļ壬мֺδ˲󴢱൱ǿ
һ㣬Ҫѧϰͷչ

ͩԻֹ֮ʮꡣ
ͨˡ
ϸճؾʹ϶е֪ϴˣˮûüһڣ͸ϵͩԺӡ
Ժｽ˶˽ϽϵĻӭ˹ȥţϱˡ
С簡жûˣſˡŹļҳ
Ϸˣүӡ檹ظҶ
񡣡һҲЩ
ڱչؼɱͩӵ֪֪ͨĸˣϽչˡ
򿪷ţδĸĸͩΪ
Тô궼ⱼδ̷ܻϡͩڵأϿͷʵ
ӣ⻰ɾͲˣӥ춯֮ʱҲˣôһҵҲΪסû汼ôϼأͨҡͷж־ķܹлԵﵽĵزպ󵱸Ŭܶӵ档ͨο˵ӣһֱ൱ġ

ӣôˣҲǰˣͨĵڶǰҫ
ϲϵͩһͨƨڻشλҲһ棬һТġȴǣ֮󣬺Ҫȥⳤؿˡ
ͩûϰ֣һʵ˵˳
öӣǺǣ벻ҵһܹһλ񣬹ͨǳģڶȥǳؿȻеǣȴ˿û¶ӣӱȶԼҪġ
˵ô֮УҲֻͩ³Ϊ
ͻһȻֶοԵ٣ûκһǰٷְٱյġһؾǵɷ֮
Թһؿû˭аٷ֮ٵİգֻоųɰա
ǾųɰգҲвֻһɵıϡ
ͨͬʱͩҲ֪ʵ
Ӷûж˵ʲô
ͩһУ͹һڸĸϥ³лһТ
ͩУŲµģҵĸĸǷҲǶϡ
Դ֮ͩ󣬺͸ĸ;࣬ż۾Ҳռ֮УȻ˵ĸоʵģϻģȲʵ


366  鱦
˾ҵĸһֱûжĶһ죬ͻȻ֮䣬رɫӿ˾ٵӰͻȻڰУ»
񣬴˰ͻ٣ס֮٣бͻ
ٵСǸݶɽ֮˵ΪԼҵۡ
ҵԽٵԽ
νҵ֮󣬾ͻȻҵ
ҵ͹¡һ㣬ɼɲ鲻ɴȷʵš
ͻ֮ʱȼ𣬹ȼ֮󣬾Ҫվ֮ǰ۵ҵʹǣ޹ңﵽһεĿǨ
ţ֮ȼվ֮еѰһ飬ȡ飬ΪУ֮С
գܰԪƣӴԺزɡ
βܿסأҪڷĸ̶ˡһķʸȥֵΣա
ȻѰʿҲ޷һ٣һֻղһϵ򣬵õ˱ԴϿɣܹٽ١

⶯һ൱޴󣬳֮ҪΪڳɹͻ֮汾Դ٣Ϊ㹻ͻƵӦĵȼ
˵̶Ȳսţͻ֮ͻֱӳΪôӴܿԼۣ˵ˣ񶼲ǣôҪҲǰ״ԣͻƳɹ֮ͻ壬һ졣һ񲻿һͻƾˡ
һֱע˾ҶĶĿҵ׷װϢ˻ȥ
оͰ硣
ӵ̽ӵĻ֮ʮ⣬Ͻͩ
˾ٹȻһֱͶ˾ңҽӵϢ˵ͻҪҪ֡翪ʵ
ͩմүǱ߻ûȿڲ裬˹Ļ㱨
٣˾ٵһ˲ţܹҵ֮»ʮ꣬Բһ򵥵һﱻƵ˾·ܱһӺݾѵûпһƴһѣɹͻƣӵԼһᣬȻԼﲻ˭κβһٺпܾˡʧܣˣʲô˥Ҳֲˣһ˰ˡͩҡͷ̾벻һŵļһﾹȻ˹

տʼҲûôϢ֮󣬾ҪһͩҪ˾ֲ֣ͩС
Գ֣ͽϢȥǡͻô򵥣ͻƳɹҲȥ鷳ͩҡҡͷشЩĻҲԳ֣ͩûǼ¸Ҫ¡
˾ٳɹӹ˽٣
ͩҲﵽͻƵٽ㣬ȵһˣͩҲҵطɽˡ
ͩһͻƣǱȻһɳ֮ơ
СС˾ʲô
˵˾Ҳǵù˾ͩһ֯˾ϴоԶҲ˥֮ա
Զ֮˾ҡ
˾ٵͻѾһʱûзµҩڻһߵֵһ߿ʼ
ʱ걻ţܾ˿֮ʹ࣬ٻҪʹࡣ£һҪֵ֮ڱյһҲڶӾ񣬲ٿĹ

ͬеġ
Ҳ˵ȼ֮еȼҵȻڱ֮УҳԼ顣
֮У˻Ĺҹٽ֮ǰɡ
ʧȥ֮󣬺пֻܱء
Ĺֻܿ첻ǰĲ֮ǰȴٽ֮ɡ
ӵϢе鱦λ񣬲Ⱥصִ˾
ԥҪҪִ˾ٵͻơ
ϸһ£ǻǷˡ
Ĺ涨ʿͻʱκΪʲôɶôϡҪܵɷƲá
ǻ治ڴ½˶ӵĵطɳɵ¡
ⲻҪȡ˾ٵѰ·
û˸ҹȻɷ񲻸ң
飬ټһ㶼ǼΪƫƧĵطܹȫڵ²Ÿôɣ˾Ҿסĵطһǣס˿УЩ֮лвͨˡ
ҲԲܰ˶ڰɣ
ֹκʿ޹ʲɱͨˣΥ߽Ϊ๫Уץס˾·ûĸܹġ

๫УǶôֲ飬˵ˣ֮еǿҲҳΪ๫С
һɷǰһҪɭϡ
ٵԽԽеֵסˣڲǲŽһСĹԶԶûɣסģģĿ£ôܹҲ·һ
ü֮£˾ٷ߽񵤡
ڴ˵֮񵤵þԲǴġ
˾ͻ񣬲񣬻˲ٵİʿ֮еǳеΪ˽ͻƣΪջԼͻƴһ·
˿Բ˾٣ٰ񶼼֣˽زιһͻƹ̣һѾ൱ˡ
ξ֣˵ܹɹͻ𣿡
Ϊأ˾ٵΪΣͻƣ˾ҶҪù
٣ɲɹͷҪ
ţ˵˾ұվλ񾭱˸ˣ˾ҾͺֻûаĿǣһϢӲд
ú٣˵Ǻιʸ

ʵµͨ񣬶ͩе鱦൱۲ģȻ˵磬鱦װ򵽣鱦ļ۸Ҳ½
ǽ˼۵鱦ҲЩͨһĽܹģǴ󲿷ֶǸʲ¡
Ϊ󲿷֪˾ұվλǲçײĳ֣ûеõһλǲ͵ʴס
ܹһʱλ񣬶Ϣܹ֮ͨкܴİտ϶˾Ѿʧȥ˿ɽ
ûΪɽ˾ңиһֻϡ
ҪԲⶼ⡣
ȻֶԸһȷʵǳȥȻ󽵣һе鱦ջʮ־޴
Ϊ˱Ҳϧ
һе鱦ԼãתȥҲһʺƣܹծ񣬻ظҲ˵
ĹҪһռ䣬ټĺĵرһ
ĳ̶ֳ˵ͺһҪԱࡣ
Ϊ֮κθ˻һȶĺ󷽻أٶҲö£ֻҪĵҲֻ̾ˡ

е˾٣Ҫֲ֧ȥˣǷ񵤣õ˷ͣϾĴڣַռޱȵʹ࣬ټ֮£Ѫ֮ת䣬걻ٻ֮ǿںϣʹ൱ǿҡ
˾ѾѵľأһԨ˾·һǰ··ʹͻþһͬӿ˾ټΪԼֳһ㣬ȵܣ޾ƣͿշ֮У˼롣ʶҲڽģ֮䡣
˾ټǰˣĽҲ
ΪʹǳŹ֮࣬ҲΪҲУûйɹһ
ϧһ㣬ΪŹյû䣬ȴΪҲУֻأлһǺεȲֵ
Щ֮µļһҪƺ͵ùöࡣ
˾ڼԵǿţϹĶҲͣ
Ԥʾڼ

һֱעŴµλ񣬾͵˾һ˲䣬ʬס
Ҫ˾ٵͷֲҪһҪɱ֮ȡ׼ɣ
鱦ģͬİ
λһҪֻ֣ͨ񣬿Ҫȫ֣ҲǼĶ
ֹ죬˾ϵͻȻ䱩ǣһǰϵĶѾͣĹŽеһ붼Ѿı֮ڣʱڣ˾ٸɹ˾ټˡ
ʵ֮ĳ֣ҲһҪЩ⹦һЩΪ֪طԽʱ֮С
ʱڿԲ鱻ֻأĻǾ㹻ʱȥֲ
ʱ䣬̲һҲᳬһʱ䣡
ʿɵʿӴΪСɵʿҪǿöֱ࣬ӼԴռ֮УȻԴǻڿٻ磬ֻСǧ硣
ʱ򣬼֮еͻΪСǧıԴ
ΪͩʶСǧıԴͩˣСǧͶͩΪ˽硣

ɵʿ֮׳飬־ѣؿ飬׳飬Բͨ
ʿҪ˳͵ö࣬ûôĥѣȻⷽҪöࡣ
ʿҲûдǻ֮ԴһЩӳطʹô鲻Ϊɹȴû䡣һЩɽرʱľ֮ء
ӳļʱطǶĶɽ
ӵֶ൱߼ĹͨĹǲеġ
˵ഫؿ֮еġطơ񷨡ȵһһ񹦲֮
Щ˶Ĵţͨ˸ܼ˵ˡ
оͰ˾٣
˾崫ȷʵƾãҴҲ൱Ҳ˾һֱеڣʮλİ
˾ҵļҴõ½һõ֮⹦Ͳ


367  ת
ڽٻϨ鵮ʱ˾ٵʶѾ˹ȴԼУ̾͸оһɲ֪ӺζĴ
˾ǧԺ˾ҵļԼ崫ΪϽǲɢˣȥý˼塣˾·Զ˾ǧ֪Լӣɽʧܣڼֻýص˾ǧ֮ڵǿߡ
ݺ½ʮأȴ˭֪᲻ʰ˾ֻü˵һ䣬Ȼ㱻ֻأʶɢ䡣
һҲ̮֮ɢ˾ػΪС
ͻȻ֮䣬λԶԹ۵񣬼˾䣬ڣԼͬس֡
ٶߣһ˾ٵͷ­뻳УҪԶ֮ʱ
˲ɷ˵ѹĿתˡ
ȵȵãѵƻزɡҲʾʹһ޴Ƶ˵Ĺںʵ
ȵȵãξ֣Ҫ˵ȵҲȵ˾ҵİɣ
ƨȵȵãǲһͨʿȵҲøĽе
ȻȲǾһΪһǣξٹе漴ֳߴٶ๫֮塣

Ҳʾֳ壬սһ
˾ۼ֣׷ŵɢӡ
ɴܣꡣλನԲʥʿֵܹġ
˾ǧ˾ʣĻһ£ǲɢˣӳ߶պл˼塣
λҪֵʱһϵĺȳ
֣
ְ½άִ½֡ͬҲм֮
½ռ䲻ȹ̣ڣϵ嶼ڷ½֡
Ϊڴ½壬𷣡
һ㷲򶷣Ƕѡǿ֮жԴ򣬶ڴ½϶ԴҲΪʲô߽ͩԼսڻߵˡ
λͨ壬Ҫ֣ۿ
֮гһ֣£λԸоռ̣޷
λʱҲԼѾ˼ɻ䣬Ͻĵ
ڿͣһ£Ȼһץסˣĳһռһһͬʱ𣺡²Ϊ
λӳ˷½

һе鱦֣ȴס½
˾ϳʧƣɢǰ˾ҵ׷׳侮ʯΧ׷ɱ˾ˣһպ˾壬˹˺
ͩҲ˹Ļ㱨и֮̾Ȼͬ졣
˾ҵҪҪ֣ʵ
Ϊأͩʵ
ΪǻǾΪã˾Щ̫࣬ǲ֣Ȼ˳֡¶һЦ
ȻˣǾ;ۺˡͩͬת˻ԸǴʱҲ̫ˣٹЩʱգǾҪȥˡкδˣڶȥһߣҲ֪ʱܻˡ
ǻȥ׼һأ翪ʵ֮ж˼ֵ֮⡣
˾ҪͻȴϹһ񣬺޶
֮·߰
ǰǼ
棬Ȼڶ࣬ǳɾż֮ǰŹǾ͸࣡
ʿֻǰߵķ⣬ȴûע⵽ߵ³

ĵǲ죬ͩ޵ɵɽ֮ʱա
ɽ٣ڹ档
ùĪ˾һٶɹˣȴûɣûм֮ź䡣
ɵʿûֹǣֻҪרӦ٣ٹɣɲȻ֮£ûʲô˵ġ
ɵʿСǧ磬Ҳٹ֮ɵѳɣп٣ҪڶɽٵĹп١
ɵʿ鱾ͼΪǿǣУֱӼմ
赣ǣ˾ٲͬͩ΢΢һЦ˵̺֮š
˵ͷ˳ȥûٶԡ
ʱһΣǰȥˡ
ͩǵһδڼôʱ䣬һ꣬ͩûûбչأǴһ檣Ÿĸ¡
Ա½ʳӹÿɡ
ڴ½˲壬Ӽ˵Ĵ˵
ӶؼҲڼʮǰһȡˣؼʽա

֮ͩһлص
ڶһ磬ͨѰͩ
°ɡңֻͩһˡ
ͩѾУѾԼ²⵽˶ϵ⡣
ͩݣҺСΪּ򵥣ڷ֮ңҲ÷ǳ֡ǸʱҺԸǽ㸧ˣȢӣҺã֮Ŀͨһ˵
Ȼ㲻ԽҲȷʵֱֿ֣ڣͨǰҲΪ
±仯㲻⣬ʳȻһ٣ҺѾΪ꣬ѾԸӡ֮·࣬Һ᲻֪񣬴ﵽͻƵٽ㡣֪СТ˳һֱҺ׻˵úãӥչ֮ʱѾǳӥˣѵ벻ĸĻ𣿡ͨһת˵
ж︣ҺЩҲûٹܺչҲ˼Ƕϣǻᣬûеյʱ򡣶㣬ԼҵԼδҲԼ׷롣ӣҪ˼¸ҵȥɣ꾡ТҺѾ൱ˡ

һ죬һӣһľǰ죬ʱ֣ϲŴͩ˳
ŵڶ죬Ͼչǧꡣ
ͩԾһ죬ֱ֪˶ϱչ֮ɨеǣңǣ޹ңȻһһŵģȾ
ʰһ£ǾͶ뿪ͩɵطԸ
ǣ˵ػӦ
æȥʰˣʵûʲôʰģҪǸ˵ʲôġ
ܿ죬ͩ͹֮⣬檶ʱ
ͩЯ磬ԺſڣԾԼļС͡
磬һ·˳磬СԤףΪٽͻ롣Ծ֣һϵ˵
ȷʵ൱ϣͩΪԽߣҵĿɽԽӲҲһֱвϡ
󲮣СֶҲףһ·˳ͻܹ֮ͻơҵļֶͬǵǱϵҪ˵ͩûͻƳΪ񣬾ѾͲͩɾˡ
֮⣬һļԼϻᶼں棬ƺƴһ·ſڡ
ȣڡǿû̸ֱͩʸֻܸں棬ӦӦ𾴺Ľ

ǰ
ͩվ⣬ҵһ˵;ǧһ𡣶ܣ͵ɣˡ
ʹ磬ɩɩԾȭһ˵
ͩŹתȥ罣һննжĲᡣߵߵѡ
ͩ͹ͨ۶Ȼ̫ոȡɴ뿪˷½
Ϊ٣ͩڷ֮Уתƣȴһֱûȫ򣬽빫
ͩյϢЩΪͩжӶó˺ܴ壬ץɱ֣಻ʤ
԰Ӷࡣ
ΪʲôأΪܼ򵥣½ĵ̣ǲܻġ
½ϵͳǳƣܹ񣬷׻
԰񾳽ȡ֣ͩȻǼΪó䰵ɱ֮ľӢ֡
Ӷ׼һٴ˲֣ջᡣ
ʱϰͩɴһģһķңӷ֮пӦĺ֮С

ͩһܺ뿪˷ʧããǺ֮С
û֪ͩѡУԼĿĵء
˵֪ͩĿĵأҲҿ϶һΪĿ̫ˣǧ֮ࡣ
ֳ㣬ҲκβͩΪǧ½֮ʱ㿪ʼӪĴӪҪ͸ǽȥɱͩǲܵġ
ͩһɴԴ½ĵ۶̫ո¡
ͩɴ̾Ӷר͡
Ҳʱͩһ˵Ҳǳ㡣
һλͩʶܹظоΧвصĲĲֲܹͩ˵ˡ
Ŀػ֮£ûĸִɱͩҲܻýҪĴʥ֮һԴǡ
ǷΨһһλĳУԴǾһ鱦
Ҳ첻ֻҪһԴǵķΧͻᱻ֡
ͩԴǵĴ󣬻ص½
ȥǣ񱮣İģܹһЩͶһЩ

ͩѾͻˣΪ˼ʮĻۣͩ񱮣ʮĻþ͸ȫա
ǣ֮޷̤룬ûʸס
ͩȻֻǰţΪһʦλʸ볤ס
ţǽѵӪеסլסĶİţʦʦ
סоԵרҵܵıΪǣĴʥ֮һǳȫԴǻҪȫϲʵһ붼פ
۷壬ҲҰ
ϧͩĹ׵㣬ΪڹǵļǧԼһĵرʱһա
Ҫ񱮣ֻȻܹ׵㡣
ͩƵ빺һϣ鱦Ȼ鱦һ׵㡣
ʵͩҲòԼƵģֻҪӿռ佻ƽ̨֮ȡһЩɡ
ֻЩϹأͩŵסƼ鱦֤ԼʵôУ


368  ڶʮһ
ͩ¯ֻһͨ鱦¯ӣΪɱ¯̫ˣͩҲûһ
ͩõǹŷҲḨһЩִзľʹá
ŷǡǡ෴֮ˮƽǲˣɱڣ
ɷԶݻ޷ȷƿأҲ˵ͬһͬ˰ͬķƣƳÿһڲƶ᲻ͬ
Ȼǿȡ
ִƷƿأܵؾȷ÷ĽưԼ仯Ҳ˵ͬһͬͬķƣÿһڲƶƵġ
Ȼ첻
ͩϢ˼죬Ϳʼƹ
ºǵķϵͳɵ˼鱦ģͩƵ鱦Ҳ¯ˡ
һѰεķɵûбֻУһ͵鱦鱦ȼϵ鱦㲻ϺãҲ㲻ϻһ׵㣬ҲԶһ1000Ⱥ׵㣬ͩȥһηˡ
һô
ֻͩȥսˡ

˵ͩԴӵ괳ʮ㣬֮ͩҲûȥսΪѾûбҪˡ
ʮ㣬֮ͬУͩȻǰУаϣͩǰʮġ
ɵͩؾ֮սгģǹϵս
ͩɴһͷռ䣬͵սλ档
ʱսȻַǷŶۼڴˡ
ͩһ֣̾עӡ
ͩͩˡ
ĸͩһλǲżഫеˡ
һĴѡ֮⣬һЩͨ;ѡĴš
ǣԭʼİɣͩǿǰʮǿߣսϵĴԱһλһȵؿ˵
ս֪ǿǴսʮϵĳǿ߲Žȥǿ߰񵥣ЩֻҪͻζ𡣡
ԣҿǺͬһͬѾûˡ֪һλᴳ㣿
ף԰ͩôŴʮ㣬ôսģλһ˵ͩ˿ʵ

Ȼʵսˣ˼ͩǴؾɱģ˵ϵսž֮ࡣµʱǶ̣ųƮѪڶĳһλмӵƳԱڵ
ʶͩļλ˵ʯ˸պþս㳡ǰ˽򡣿ͩˣȻӭ˹
ͩ㶼þûгˣʧôã̫˼ˡˬʵЦͩĹϵһֱ൱Ѻá
λԭ£ؾ֮¾һֱڱչռ䶼ٽ˵ˡͩһ΢Цؽ͵
ǰǸˣսʮļ¼ƫƫȴŽսⲻ𣿡ʯСǰͩнϾѾȫǸ뷨ˡ
ûдҲܺȰ
ףʯĽҲڰ˲ˡͩһʯս¼ڳ޵
ͩһţǰʮһ˶Ĵȶǰļλˡ
رǰӢһҲսʮһ㣬ԴطĿˣĵһ

ܹ̤һţܹƾŬﵽʮĲľ磬ȻлͻƵʮ㣬ľ硣
ͩؾɱŵʱѡľһصչˡ
ֻʣ´èСèֻõóֵﶼûУŸضϴ㹻÷衣
Ӣܹʮһ㣬ֻǴԼĵ·ܹͻӢҰĲҪֱ֮ͨ·Ļ
ı׼ҪڶʮſԳɹ
ͩðӢ·̫ѣʹڵڶʮľ磬ΪǵˣȰӢ˽еѴ
ͩԼʱָ·ôпԭģʮУҲﵽڶʮ۷壬ӢȫԼŬûǾһԪ֮ǰҲԸ
ˣӢأͩʵ
սˣ˵߾սһؿȥսˡʯ˵֮к֮⡣
Ȼͩ̾ӢҰģŬͼҲԱڳ˶ࡣ
Ҳòһ㣬ͩĻ֮󣬶Լͬصͷ
ˣлλãҽȥˡͩս˳Ͻһ

ʮһ㣬ֻ֮ͩϢʹˣֻǼǣޱȡ
ţͩͬٶȴʮʮʮġʮ㡣
ۣ쿴ͩȻôʹʮһˡ澪еЩ˶ǿͩʲôʱȥģżգ۰
ʮˡʮˡ
ÿ죬ʵ̫ˡ
ʮĲˡ
ʮˡ
ٶҲ̫˰ɣ
ս񼶾ս񼶣ʮ㶼ôɵؾʹˡ
Ȼ˵̫֮ǿˡ
вٿڵʮĲ㲻ôţͩսҲòмĽ
˵ʮ㣬ͩûôصɱ֣´첽
ʮĶ֣һλʵнʵ߽֮Ҫ߳һߣֻûװѡ
ͩҲͬûװɼս֮УľǱʵ
ͩĲǳ֮죬һ̤ӰɢȻͻڵΧԳӰⲽ̺ſռ䷨˲£˲ƶ֣ѱ档
첽д˲˲ƣĶ䣬ɹ˿أ˵ͩ˿ռ䷨´ģܹڶʱڣΪ˵ǼٵģҲ˵ġ

ףһôöûнֵʵ
ϻʮȻֻȵʮһ㣬ѶȴʮϣΪôöԸбȥԣ֤ɱһЩʶ㲩Ųмط
ǣбҲͩһȰһλͩķ˿
ͩԼ첽൱⣬Բĵ̣Ϊֹˡ
֮ͩ£ԶʮǼɵؽ˶֡
ǲһǿû㣬ҪԷľɱ
ͩ˵ʮ㣬˵ʮ߲㡣
ۣˣʮ߲ˣͩȻ鴫
ҸҺǴģܹͩʮ˲㣡
ϻ
ֳͩôĶһЩôעսսҲעǹעͩǱ޽ǧ꣬Ҳ֪Ϊﵽʲôľ硣
ս񼶵Ҳ׷Ⱥؾ۵һǲûгս㳡֮ϣǿһ
Щ꣬Щ˶ڱչؾõĴƸ;顣
в˶ѡͻ񾳽磬Ϊ۵ĲƸѾܶˣͻ֮ʵǿԪޣܹõطӳɱ

磬˵ͩһᴳڼ㣿֣ݺһ𣬿ʵ
٣˭֪أͩһĽ̫̬ˣؿԶҵľ磬׷ң˱ˡû˵
Ǻǣ˵һ˻ǲسšǸ˵ĸо̫أ̫ĥˡ֣ݶͩۻ൱ߵġ
ˣҲоҴû͸Ǻ¼ǧ꣬Сս²°ٳҴûмʶʵжǿŮˣرС
ԣ㲻˵һûоãһ˵Ҿˣ쵰һֱʵûǰ¶ѹ׵ı£ʹõطͷβǼǡ֣ݴеһߵӡ
ʵǴ˭ûһѹ׵ֶΣֻǲ֪һ¶󲿷ֵʵСֵʵӿ˵
ԣСƽʱ͵úܣԵ޹ʵ˸ߵشս֣ݺͩĽʵ൱ҪãͬսѸֵܸϡ
СôŴսʮа˾žǳŷ񱮵Ĳȥġ翪˵
˵һΪڴﵽʲô磿֣һʵ

òΪһĳ׼˰ɣûлش֣ݵ⣬ΪҲشˣȴ²⵽Ľ
пܣ˵׼ˣ֣ҲɵӣҲµ
˶ãбҪôż𣿡ü˵֮УŲٿϧ֮ɫ
ˣ;һҪӦԵⲿѹСҪˣ͵ƮѪһɱϵĵһǿҪɵҪǲһп﷭Ĵ޷ܵġ֣ҡͷܹ̾ڵľ磬ǾʮĿޣǧһһӡģͩڶ̶̼ǧԾģ֮£ͩǵжĨɱĶ󣬶ҿ̲ݻ
սϵļʮţɱĿ꣬˵䲻ģҲδؾô棬ΪɱеһλҪ˶úֻ֮ðļ˶ϡ
ͩƮѪţһ֪ҪŻٳһ

ʮ߲㣬ͩɴͩûٴȥսˣ˴һʹ뿪ˡ
ͩȻҪõᣬҲ̫ߵʮ߲㾳磬ͩڵݵλֲ̫
ͩõߴβᣬټȺ׵һһΣһ˴Ρ
ôεĲᣬӦ㹻ʮĻ۾Ӧ԰Լڶʮһˡ
ͩѵӪиȥ
иſڣŵĶ˫Ŀɨͩһۣ漴ƺϳͩ¶Цݣ˵СӣɵòҲѧƮѪһ;Ҳã;ǲϳԽԼһַʽЦ˵
漴ͩ˵˵Сؾɵеи߼ţɵʵ̫Ưˣ¶Ϊ˱ʧؾ̵õĺô»ʧȥĶࡣһ㣬СӸɵñƮѪСһҪƯöࡣС̫һϲСӵ·񣬹


369  ͻ
ͩһֲ˼˵
٣Сͷ㲻Ҫȥ𣿽ȥɡ˵ָֻԭͩˡ
ͩЦЦϾȻΣС߽и
ȤСͷ¶ζЦݣ̾ᡣ
߽ͩ˴иֱռ䷨ȥͩȻԷҲоҪ·ӻߵǿռһ
Ȼ˵ͩʱһϺ޸෴ʱ֮еʱǰͨҲͩʱ䷨Щ͸
ֻͩȽƫڶԿռ䷨
Ǳġ
ռ䡢ʱϼ򣬶൱ѣ໥ų⡣ͷףĻͩ²֪Ҫԭؿòܳɹ
ͩдšաֵĴ󷿼֮С
߽ȥһֻ䣬ֱӦĴ·ֱͿռ
Ϊ˷񱮣һܹ͸ռ䷨򣬷ֻҪѿռ񱮹Ⱥ֮УǶһ
ֻͻãֻʿ޻ۣȴûյĳɹУ

ռ䷨ֳĴ£ֱΪ˲ơϲ㡢顣
˲ָľǿռƶգͨͨ˲ƶô򵥣аصĿռ塣
ָǷռ䣬һΧռе֮䣬
飬ǴĿռƻһ壬Ҳǿռ䷨֮ɱһ£֮£Ҳѵֵһпܡһйһԡ
ϲ㣬ָľǸϿռ䣬һռϣֿ
ͨڿֿռ䣬СܹƾոϿռ䣬ֻ˵ͩӵһĿռ䣬öϲ·ָͩ͵һڶֻͩ
£ֱΪ¡
Ȼַֻķǲܳôڵģͩ첽ǰ̤鲽Ļϣ˲ºͼ˶ϲ¡
ôͻۣͩԿռ䷨Ĵ£ԡֻǳˡеѾе򾳽ҲûдﵽֻƤë

߽ͩ˲µķֱ䣬￪ʼ
Ϊܹۣ֮ͩռߵĹ켣ʼ̤鲽֮ͨ󣬾һֱڽӴֿռ¡
ͩݿ֮ϣа˴βᣬͩûһʡ˼͸ɴˡ
һǰ˴εĲʱмļܹͩµʱ䡣
ºͩˬشӴи˳仯˸һزסķâ
ͩûֱͣӿ첽ԼҸۡˡ
ʯʨӣȻ˫ۣһɫСӣصҲ̫һɣѹСҪѡͻһٺٺ١
漴ҡͷ̾ر£Сһϲأ¡Ҳֵֻ͵˲ܻóáν򼺣һˡ
ͩسɴϷҲǲܣ
򴫳иػ񱮲֪꣬һһ˥䣬۹ǿˣһ£õţʮа˾ŶܹΪ֮һ

ͩصԼҸۡһʱչأá
һչؾһٸʱ䣬Ҳ½һʱ䡣
չأͩȫãռ䷨ƵԲľ磬һҲﵽСɵľ硣
ͩȫռ䷨򣬻һЩࡣƾͩڵķܹͩľսڶʮһļ
ȻҪһ̣Ƕܹﵽģͩ㹻ķӲˣȴûüֻеȥͩͻƿ˺ܾõƿ
һƿڰʿ˵ûĻԵԪӳʮҲܿȥ˵һûмҲ
ʿһ£ר޿ռʱʿ⣬˺ѿʮŲߡ
Ⱥݺ棬߻Ҳǰžͷ𣬳ţԪûгֹ
ƮѪҲڵʮŲ磬񼶱ġ
ȻƮѪţ˵ٸʮоδزܳԽ

ͩԪĵһλԽߵţΪϹһĵͳӵʱһεı
ʵ֪ͩǣԽߵʱ򣬱֮࣡
ͩʱѹˣҷȼ߹ͩΪ࣬һ˼޼ǼҲûöࡣ
ͩͨȻ˵ı仯ҲΪˣͩϲô˳
ΪԽߣԽ񣬶ԽԽ˳ΪҲü졣
һศɵḶ́رǵһʿ޼ʱ򣬽ٶȾͻԽԽ졣
⼸ͿԤʾţͩΪԽߣٶȾͻԽ졣ѰʮãͩҲֻҪһ͸㶨ˡ
ͩ˷֮󣬾ңʼطȼ
ռ£ȻǴ첽ĽǶȥо
ǵط䱾ʻǱﵽ˼ޣҪֻҪؽתΪռ
ֱʵת䣬ԴµĿռס

˵ͩԪռܣǴĿռֻǷʵĶѡ첽Ҳǿռڲ͵ġ
ͩӴиֹ֮ƽȻԵõ
ƽʱϰطռÿ£ͩµʱ鱦ϽȺһ߻۹ףһҲΪԼöǵʸ
ͩɲǵþסͩҪһֱǣֻù׵
ͩѡڹǱչУҲҪù׵ġ
ͩǰĹͣ϶Ϊʱˡ
ʱʱһϵ鱦棬ȿԷḻԼˮƽԼȺ׵ۣԼʦļֵԼϲӡ֡ҪǣֻĴʥ֮Уõġܹһֱ֪Ľš
ѵӪرסľǺͩţǱͩҪ⣬ͩǳʱ鱦ḻԼʦ顣ǳʱ֮ͩպ෴
ⲻɷЩ˵רҵˮƽ

ͩһǧ죡
ǧƽͩĺɰҲع
һ죬ͩڱȴ⼱е׼ȷ˵ǱĹ԰ͩѡ
ͩ£ľסʯƾλ򡣡
ţǽɡֻͩȥкˡ
ͩմߵһҲشͩĹȡһЩִͩпõƣһһƿȺ
֮ͩ׼ЩƣΪЩһЩȡ鱦϶ʦŵĹϵͩҲþܾһҪ̫ߵģͩ֡
ͩҡҡͷȺ쵰ҼҰһҲ֪
ͩǻģһסǧ꣬һҲŲѡЦ
ǣǹǷѣ50Ⱥ׵㣬ķҲ۰ɣľֵ
ţͦģһ죬10Ⱥ׵㡣ͩͷش
ʦȻǴ̣һҷˡ
ǹҾΪ˵Щģͩһ˵

ˡ˵
⻰һڣҲû˵Ĭ˺ܶࡣ
ͩһ£һ˿̾ϧ֮ɫڵʲôʱôģ
֮ͩĹϵãΪͩһ챻ѡеĴţڵһءΣҶһ˿ͬϵˣȷʵֵÿϧ
ǰսһ潫Сʯشͬʦֵܣͬһʦ£˴֮ĹϵȻҪһЩ
ŶսɳҲұʿɾĹްɡͩܿͿס
ֻЩ꣬սϵͬͬͲһ֮ƾҡͷ̾ȻҲкսϣид
˵ҵֻΪ˷ɧɣͩҡͷʵ
ͩϢԽԽˣͬҲԽԽɲˡ̾ǰֽͩһڵͩʵ̫ǿֽ̾Ű˰ɡ
Ǹòսİɣֱͩ׵ʵҲ̽ʲô

ͩϵתԼΪĻ⣬ǧ꣬ȻǳصģЩľ뷨ƽˣɹؽڶʮһľ硣
ȥȥ𣿡ľ׻ǱȽͩӣһȷʵ
ᣬڣҵѾؼʱ߲ͩʵشսͩȻȥʶʶڣھ绹ڹ̵Ľ׶Σһʱ䣬Ҫ׼ɽˡ
ͩ⼸궼ڼϵɱ
ȵͻһغ󣬹˾֮ͩҲȷʵӦü˼սҲǷǳİš
˵Ļľ׷һۣûٽ⡣
²ǲԶңȻҪ£ʲô£ͩŮʵ
˻һۣʵͩרҵʦӦöԸĵرмɣ
һڴͩһԲ
ǵȻôǵõʲôﲻʶǵôԶңͩҲȷʵһȤ˷ܵʵ
óһĸɿݺľͷľͷ󣬳һߣӸͩ˵˵˵ʲô
˱ռ佻׾Ļᱻʾһױľײ
ͩӹľͷ˶ľ׵ĻҲɵһ棬ףȷʵǿɲıﰡ
Ҫ֪߽ѵһûлԵĻǱǰҲʶԣױıˡױѾ൱ˡ


370  ľż
ͩӹϸһľͷǿľȴ̺һɼΪ
ףȻǴ˱ͩļʶȻȳҪöࡣ
ŶֹȻʶ˷ܵʵ
Ҳµò˱ӦǴĳ֮ҵİɣͩʵνָû˵
һ֮Ҳɢڿռв֮С
⣬һֹûȫɢ׹ʿռ䣬лԵʿõĻֳᷢڣСõ֮ûлٻı˵񾧡͸ĵر
Щ֮űܹһЩһͨϲֱܷɢӶࡣ
ԣֲͩҪٵθˣ˱Ǻľʵ
֦֮ɣͩش
֮Һ˵ľüͷš
֮Ǿʥе
ǾԵ֮ͩͷش
Ҳ˵Ǹԭһඣ

֮ǾʥĴһ鶼Ǵ֮֮ϵģֲ֮Ϊˡ
֮ûǻֻۣԺǿ֮ٽġʵǾˡ
ǰɣ֮оȻʽڣ֮൱оĸףھ֮еĵλ൱ߡ
缸Ĵڣһ֦Ѱ
ǲģΪǰ֮Լĸס
ĸҪǾ壬Ծǿʵ֮ûô
ӵǿܹκμ֪ƣģ
൱ֲǳ֮󣬶ȡ֮ķֲ֦Լ֮У츳ط೤󣬼ȿԵһ飬ֿԻ֮ļӳ֣ӵǿĻָ
Ϊ10ڣȻָǱȽѸٵģֻҪ¶ѣ񾧾͸ˡһ30ָͷǳˣָҲҪʱ䡣ĳ50ָʱ㡣
Ϊ֮Уô򵥣ӡǣ񾧲䣬ӡһأָɾˡ

񣬿֮еѻָʱ̰ٱǧ򱶣սǱԵ൱ֲˡ
ԱȾҪǱսǱǾʵǱǿһ
ͬʱҲǧ֮֮һ
֦ɣǿģҲıķЦˣȻҲС
ôأƾֱָġ
̫ϧˣǶ̫ȱǮֱ֦֮ȥףҪɾˣмҲеϡ¡
Ǿ̫ܹ֦֮ɵķͼ൱ѷҲУǾǿеˣ̫˷ˡ
ȻڵʱҲܳˣԪ֦֮Ҳ˲١۷嶼йоͿ
ֻԭ̫ϡ٣ģоǲܵģֻò֮ܲΪԭϣȥ;忪սɣ
ͶͲҲ̫ɱˣȲ˵򲻴ù壬עûĸȥ
ԣֻһЩȤĵСȺŻƵо

ľżͩһ£˵
֮֮ҲڹֶΣͩƪ֮ҲѧһЩֻͩûԭϣû
ľż֮żʵ
˱Ƴ֮ɹ֮󣬿˵٣ĶľżǿҲܹһЩ˺ͩشʵľżܹɽ٣
ͩȻ뵽ϾҪˣһ׼ǧ꣬ȻְֻգҪװһľżǲǸӰȫ
֣𣿡ʵ
ǻᣬֻҴûƹҲ֪вС֦֮ˣϡѰмУһǵһμءͩ˵ûдӦ
˶һۣЦһ
̫ˣֲõģǳϣ³֮ȡΪƷΣ
˵˵ͷʾ޳ɡ
ðɣǵжⱦͩӦľżʵ൱ãǾı

һˣÿóʮĴС
ͩһ£˷ۣ˵һͷ⻰Ȼ١
ٺ٣ͩˡ֮ľŵͩǰ
˵ûľͷйƣҪеǲ㹻档ͩʼЩ֮ľ
ʮľͷ֮ͩ󣬴ѡ˶ʮ߸ڵֻЩﵽƵı׼Ķϸջȥɡ
ðɡˣÿĸʣµƸͩЩ͵ǵļɡ
ǣܲܿݷðɣ
£¡
лλˡͩһдһ֮ľ
ˣǾ͸ˡһˡ
ͩ뿪֮󣬾ʼľż֮ľżɲԺƵģľż˵Ҳһ鱦ֻһƷѡֻҪľͻᱨϡ
ƴ˱ԭϵ֮ľ֮⣬ӵĲƿ̽Ʒ
ƿ̼ٿ൱ѣԲעͻʧܣһʧܾͻɱϡ

ͩҪϰݣȵϤ֮ͩŻʽʼ
׼ͩʱ䡣
ϤľżؽƷͩо֣Ʒֵɷƽ֯ɣѶȼһͨ鱦ˡ
رǶԾȷȵҪ൱ߡ
ͩϢ˰֮󣬿ʼʽչƹ
׼ս֮⣬оЩõߣֱƿ̺һףߴӴСʮֹһ˸̽һףߴ죬СͬΪֹ񣬹ʮİѡ
֮ͩǰûùƿ̼Ȼ׼һӦߣûа취ֻĥǹһ׳
׼֮ͩóһдƷ֮ľʼʵϰ
ֻƿ̺һСŵĵնͩʶĿ֮£ʼ֮ɭ϶
ƿ̺ӵʮ˸һѵӵѡ
ֻǸʩְɵľͷϿٶ
ԭɿݵĺľȻųһɵɫӨ⣬˵ĸоǳ
Ȼ䣬̹͵Ǵһźһâ͵ʧɿݵľͷһء

ƻ൱Ѱͩҡҡͷ̾ϸƷζһ¸ղʧܵأܽһĵ֮󣬼ڵڶдƷ϶
ܿ죬ڶдƷ汨ϡ
ͩҲûϵƻôѣ̫ƿˣԪƿҪ󶼺ܸߡ
ֻͩø˴ѶһЩдƷʵƷ
ڣ˶ͩΪŷûԥ˹һ;ʮ֮ࡣ
֮ľǲдƷҲ൱ĵرҪֶ㹻ǵòġ
ɵһֻҪ޷ҵ޷õ֮ľĿռÿһܣֻҪûб죬Ҫҵܡǿƶġ
ͩȴҪЩ֮ľʵƷҪƳľżǳɱҲ൱ɹ۵ġ
㹻ʵƷͩʵ
ͩʮ֮ľȫ˷֮ͣƹǰеľãһһܽ˼
Ϣ죬ͩ˺ϸ֮ľʼơ

ֻһڿľͷΧΧʮİѵ񵶣ڸ˾ְضţеĵе۷塣
֮ľų͵ĹââһһأͻȻǴһʱʮ˸ɿն𣬽ƣͬʱľͷϣâûɢǱѹ˻ȥȫѹ˻ȥ
ͩҷģȻߵһѾǹѵһء
ľżĺľ֮ľ̺ԣǵһҪأȻȫ֮Ҫѹȥʹڱ鲼ľͷ㣬ȻԽƷӡ֮ӣһӿڡ
裺ӡ
֮УѰյģһעͻʧܣʧܾͻǰҲᱨϡ
֮ͩǰϰʱʮоŴζʧڷһϡ
˰СʱͩӵƣһƷľżͱƳˡľͷûж仯ֻѾƳ鱦ʶ֮Уһܵⲿ˺ͻͷ˺ת޵ϣֱľΪֹ

ʱһΣһ£ͩ˳дżƣ֮ɫ
֪֮ͩ̾ͨ˹
ûã˱ˡ
֣ͩˡ˽֮󣬾Ϳóͩƣ֮⡣
λˣ⼸ĳɹָͩϵʮ֮ľľСһһľһŹػƶָһľͷ
һ۾ͿЩƹľͷ뼸ǰľͷȫͬն
ľżһһϼ
ͩ˵ֻɹôʮʧˣЩϸЩľСľżԭеΪУԣǼڵĻһֱɢģֻ֮ľƵķвܳñ档
ԭˣԼֿꡣľ׿˵
ĳףʣµľɡͩС
ǣԼõġֻͩˡ
ֲö˵ĳѧղ˷˴ϣɣǾǴҵˡͩҡͷܾ


371  
ĳȣľżڰ˵ȷʵǾ֮ǶԣþͲ̫ˡͩʵشľżãʵĲ֮֮ͬ
㹻㹻ˡҵͻ֮ջúܣս֮ϣԵĽǿУܹľżֵĵطǶˡƾ˵
ˣҲͬص˵ͷͻưŲһ꣬ԪúܣҪڰ񾳽ͣʮ꣬ôʱ䣬ܲ٣ľżڣǵĵҲƾն
ͩԺһ٣뿪ˡ
ͩ˽еľżҲûϢֱȥҼ˱
ڽֵϣÿ˶ϲġ
һִͩⱦȻ㡣ķĵس޵
ǣ֮ľȻ󣬿Ҳеÿûãܹô˱ˣΪټҪô̫ߣҪôҪ̫ߡеģҲʶû·ƾ̾
֮ľҪǴȥҲռϲ鷳
⼸֮Уֲֻͩ´˱ֺͩҵȽǳƷڡֻ⣬벻ͩ־ȻҪ¡ǫЦ

óͩܿҪͻһˡľͻȻת˻⣬Ϊ֮
˵ΪǸ
Ҳ
ͩڵľﵽսʮ߲㣬ͻ֮Ǹ߽ش
ǣ񾳽൱ؼǸ죬Ҳ׵һ׶ΣΪʲôȴһʱأպ󾳽Խߣͻ֮ҲԽǿ󰡡ķ벻ͨľһ㡣
Ҳ²⣬ԭһͩϹŽɽټѣԽ񣬶ɽپասʮ߲㣬ߣҲͣСϹŽϰĺô׶ΣҲּܹͬĽٶȡԣͻ֮ȻֻܹٶȱһЩѡڶԭ򣬾ͩпҲ˵ҵȶԴֻԹۣΪͩԼǰǣˣľͩͬǺѣĿأ
ӵͩһֱڣͩһҵĸоһµģǾǡľ׵Ļһ롣
ɲ⣡̱˸ˡ

ԣҶͬУͩ˴˺ͰΪֱϲ׾ǱҪ֮ʱǲ¶һ˿ı³¶ı£Զʵľ׵ĸдģͬʱҲΪӢͩĹϵܺá
ЩûӢͩӢۣͩԶҪͩ¶ʵֻ֮µʵǱ¶һϡ
ӢǾţâ¶ľ硣ǰӢķâȴͩȥ˿Էâʵ˸ڸˣͩһĵжôߣˮжôˡ
˼˵ͩ˴ʵľֳҪߣʵͩ˵ĸоȷʵɲûдҪ˵˴ʵҲ̫ˡ
Ҫ֪ͩؾ֮У̶ǧʹӷսţսǰʮٶѾŵˣֻΪͩؾսȫ湫ϵģԴҾЩҲؽˡ
Ҫ˵ͩ˴ʵҲѹֻ˲ˡ
Ҫ˵ͩ˽⣬ǿɲˡҺͩǿռʱ򣬾ʶ֣ʱͩѾһԨĸоǸʱ򣬺ôܿ͸ʵǵٿܹͩһʵ𣿡ľ׿ڷʵ

˶һۣҡҡͷ
ľ׽˵ӢѾ̬ˣȴͩ˿̻֮Ҳļһѹ£ûзѵûо𣿡
˵֪һ˵ͬС
Ӣ˶ʶҲ򽻵Ӣı̬ͬģһսϵսҲȷʵҫۣս׿
֮£ͩ˿ͣһ崺ĸоü˶֪غͩʵݡ
ϸһԱȣӢͩѹ£ô궼ûзұ˴˵ľԽԽͲǲü˼ˡ
ѵ˵ִͩ˿̵ľѾﵽ޿ɽĵزԲҪԽһ˵ţһ
νĽ޿ɽָǽٶȼ֮ǰͻͽȣֵһᡣ
ƮѪڰ񾳽ͣ꣬ͻƳΪԭ򣬽̫ͻƾ֮󣬻øߵ㡣
ܣľ׿϶صͷ
༸Ŀ࣬һʱ֮䶼ͣڽֵϣһ

ºͩһľżҵ״̬ʹ񶼻ָһ׶Ρ
ľż֮󣬾ͻݼߵ仯Ӧ̬˵ͩż״̬ͷĿ·СͻͩòֻǸӴ塣
ʱ֮ڵһڼͩ½Լ͵½ӶܲͩԼ˽ׯ԰ȥˡҲ˰һ֤һĶ糤þס֤
һ˵ֻʸ糤סʿҪ硣
˵½μȺս˾֮󣬴˾Ϳѡ뿪Ǽս
뿪Ļͻᱻͻط档뿪磬ֻмս̹˾֮ȡסʸ
½磬İиԴ͸õĻиĿܽ
񾳽ʿû˸ԸԪľǰĽϡǳǰǼҲԸ
Ϊ£ͩ˲ٹ׵ŴﵽĿġ

һ׼Ѿ꣬ͩ԰Ķɽˡ
Ŷɽ٣Ҳиģ˵볡أػ֮ġ
ͩѡǶɽ٣ϵľǵǿ
ϹŽʿɽ٣зٽ٣ַΧ֮ڣκ˽ӽᱻӦ١
ͩɽȻѡѵӪĹڵط
ͩڶİ֮£һΪ˶ɽٶر׼ĵطİȫԺԶ൱ߡ
֪ͩļֵϸΪһ㣬֪ͩҪɽ֮󣬾̶ϲԴΪͩ׼õⲿܵطϢ
ԭʥǣΪ㣬طū۵Ҳ첻
ͩһ㳡Կռ似ɣȥʵϣȴġ
ͩһأһأ֮٣
žǰƿȥǳͬ
ǰɽٵĵһ٣
ν٣ܼ򵥣ٽٶѡ
һ׼㣬ٽپ

ৡͩһرɫ޹⡣
أʮ̫
ɺϵǴ˿ֵ½֮ʱ޹⣬·عһ㡣
һ̾;Ȼֻ˶̶Ϣ¹âָֻˡųϵΪȻ󣬲Ϊǡ
ʶ㲩֪֮Ԥʾĳд·
вٶܶ̾󣬱дܳҲ֪λд˱£󡣡
ֻ̫ˣǼԪ֮Ҳ޷̽ʵ
رɫ޹ȻϢʱ䣬ķΧܿСǵϷ
Ǵ˿Ȼرɫ޹״̬
Ƕˡ
Ͼסм
ǵ۷֮һ巽֮еĶۣ
ۣԪ֮ﵽ۷۵Ĵܣʦ֮¼Ԫĳǿ֮һͬʱҲԪϣѼԪ۷֮һ
λ۵Ҳµǿߣ֪ټ֮ǰǣûκǿ߸ҿʥǣѺҲһûж⿪ţκη嶼뿿

˿λ֮Ҳˣһʱǵķϵͳ֮ۺˣȴõңΥط֮κ˲˽Դ̽Ϣ͸¶֣ܷϢ֮⣬Բмأκ˲ýӽô֮⣬ֹ忿
񶼲һǳʵشԭأø
λˣĹǿߣ죬巽ָۣľλ۷ܡ
һԪչڣڳɳڣûеڡһԪŴ۷嶼ûһλԪ֮
۷ۣǸ۷ǿߡ
һλͨ۾Ϳ֧һǿȺ˵۷ۡ
ԣλܳܿѹһɧ
۹⻹ôͩСһȺעˣһӣߵϹŽĵ·־츳⣬պɾͲҲû뵽ͩȻܹ⴫˵еĻ̽٣ۿǶϿ۵Ľƣڸ̾
磬ǻ̽٣Ǹڴ˵֮еŵһ٣ʵԭͶֵܹϵѹλĵλ˳ʤʡ

ûд˵ܹ˽ٵţžޣ˷̫ۺΪݡ۸̾벻֮оȻд˵ȴ˵֮еŴڣ֮Īڴˡܹ˳ɹ˽٣ɾ׷ϱָտɴ
ȵ۾̫ˣ۷ҲʮڼûаչΪʾŬ˵۾ˡ
ʹǳɹͻƵۣҪﵽ۷ܵĲΣͻ۸ѣ
кѣڴ˵˵ɿɹʾҲѿԽ۹ؿͬסˣֻҪ˲˥֮£ɾҲۼ𡣡۶ͩΪãȻһǽͩ˳ɽٵķϡ
ٿԽǵķϵͳ赲ֵܹŲǻȴڶʮֿ¡


372  
Ҳ֪˶ãƻۣδ£Ѿһֳصѹ
ͩǵķϵͳҲͬѹѹƵòſڵء
ԶֵĶۺͶԶԶģû˿ζٵĿֲǶҲ鷳
ʼˣ̾
䡣
䡪һɫӭͷ¡
⿴ϸһǵķϣһơ
ǿȻΪס۴޵
Ҫֿ֪ǵĳмϵͳһ֮ȫһ֮£Ҳû㶯
𣿹ȻǿԵ̾
׽µͬʱȻ䣬ƣֲķ籩ŰţҲ籩εø֨졣
磬˵˷һΣƱɫ޼᲻ݣרԪ൱¡
׽ٺͷٶˣȻҲʾ
֮ͩкȻڰĻ棬ͩȻ֮ڶȼס
˻һȼֻͩڻԪҲڻ֮ܿ࣬ȫ޲

Ļ棬Ԫ֮еĻȻҲڶͩ꣬ҺԪ֮䱦Ǯ֣ʹûͩĳܷΧ֮ڣͻȻ꣬ʹԪ
֮£Ագʹģܻͩԣֻҧס˿ҡľ
ڴͬʱԪ֮еĸҲڱ룬ʹԪһ壬η
֮УħϮħ
һʿ£ˣ׽ٺͷٱ⡣
ͩɱҲ˵ܹɹ˽٣֮¡
ⲻͩԷƱȷʵˡ
һپͩͻüΪƾʵѿùȥ
ʵپ춯أƺƴֲвĻҪڽ٣
ڽ٣߱Ҫ۵һأҲѵһء
ɵʿ֮֮ڶ࣬Ϊڶڽ֮ʱ޷ˣٴ³
ͬһʿܹùڽ٣ȴ޷ͬʱ׽ٺͷ١

ʵǿֶεֵģ˵ɱͺֵͩһʥǡǡ
ǵķϵͳʽۺϷΪǿҲܱ֮Ϊʥˡ
ԽĻ֮£ͩⲿʵϣѾﵽļޡ
۷֮һȺʥǵķжǿͩҲ֪֪ͩҲ޷ΪԼĻ̽٣ɾ·һˡ
̽ٳֵĴ٣ûʲôɽٵľϡ
ͩΪˣֻԼ취ˣȻ̽ٷΪ١׽ٺ١
ͩܺõؽⲿƣ׽ٺٸֵֻ⣬ĻһֲĻ̽پͱ˽һͩҪԵ٣ٿʱᣬȫĵӦ١
͸˶ɽڡ
һٶסǻˣҲ˷ʳ
̽ƺѰ
㣬ǵķϵͳǸĲúƵǿϵͳֻһĶһϡ

ĴʥǣԴλڷ棬ʵ壬ķϵͳ̫ǿҲʲôսҪ壬ұ֮ء
ǺͺڰǶλרС֮УȫҲ⣬ΪǶĵ̣ܽҡ
ֻλ½ĵλ൱ҪսҪأ½ĴӪʧͬʱҲܵĳǳء
ҪԲĴʥ֮ףӪǣһһƳеķϵͳʹΪĶ֮һķˣ
ͩǲҵģΪҪԴ˵еĻ̽١
ͬʱҲ˵ģΪ۷Ⱥеλ㹻ܹǵΪԼ١
ͩ˿̱ɽٻգħ
֮֮š̫ϸӦƪľͩԪ֮𣬲ͣš
ƪ澭ĵİ֮£ֻͩΪ֮һᣬԪͷͨѹסħ
·𲻶ɽ璽ɽһ㡣

ͩڡ̫ϸӦƪľ֮£ش󳹴Ԫ֮еһ飬Ȼڻش֮а롣
㷨ţܹ͸򣬿㷨ıԴ
Ĵ룬Դ֡
ڴԴ֮£ܹͩѹסHµĽ
֮Գ֮ΪɣΪͷ֮ܡ
һʮˣԪĴͣԽ𣬿ΡȻ壬ƽء
Ҫһ״ģӯͽԽʮ
ڣͩȻɱ¾٣ȶԻﲻ׶ĵĳ̶ȣͩϵ࣬ҵУҲ̫¡
ͬʱͩҲһҲͩƾӦͩϵмһһһԩͩ
ͩ£ԹĿҲǱ仯ͬʱʱ񶾣ʱᣬʱ̱
̫ϸӦƪľ֮£ԻΪġ
ͩԪľϵĿ֮⣬ʹ࣬ͩнΪź
£߶סˣͬмסһҲͰˡ

ĻΪͩ˰˶¯˫޴󷨣ʹͩǳǿǰһ塣
óͩڽ֮£ֲиس
Ҫһ㣬ͱ뱣֤廯Ӹϸıʿ̬ӴѷɣΪ
һҲСѡ
еڶ󲽵ıֺͻ
Ρģģ£ͩҲжгԲĸоԿ췽䣬ǲȱ㹻ķĶ衣ֶʵҲǻԵѣͩҺżΪͩṩ㹻޲ͩϵ˺ؽ˽Σԡ
ͩҲȥȻżľ
䣡ͩȻһŵҩ״ľ壬˰ٽٻε֮󣬻ͩʵΪͩá
ͩȻ֮һӡҡһ䣬һʯ
仯ɽ֮һĶط
ϣΪʿϵҵȻΪ塣ԣԽɣԽɹһǰ漸֮

ǣ帴ӣҪʱԽĳʱԽͩ˵Խǲ
ͩɴͻṹΪ򵥵ʯͷԽǿݡ
ͱȰѸһȾɫҪϸģһţͷˡȵȾɫ֮һ˳ˡ
ͩһʯͷ֮󣬹Ȼ칤ͻȻӿʮֹ
֮ϵ٣ҲûΪǾȻؿҪƶĿһ㡣֮ǰĹֺּݣǵķϵͳҲǴΪĵ񾧵Դǲ֪ķ
ͩһ仯׶ٶƵʴǰ
ף벻ӾȻɵɽط仯𣿹ȻԡԶ÷޵
磬һһʵʵȴһСͷ㿴һȻһϵɱսףȱҶ۲ҡͷ̾Сӿ϶͵͵ؽص
ףϵɱףҲĽˣСһڰţʨҶϣû쳣ɾйȺԼϵһۣ˵ôľͲ֪ˡ

һʱͩʶ֮еżںľΪľų⡣
Һãʱ򣬽ĹҲˡ
ͩѾΪ壬Ԫ֮еҲȼ̫ͩϸӦƪ֮Ҳ鼸Ρ
Ԫ̺֮ķȻҲ˻
ͩʯͷΪԭΣ̼췽֮еԪ
ӴԪģǽԪ֮ϣΪر
ͩһɲǣеķ٣ͽȻƵҲͬͻȻӿ졣
ڽٵƽϢͩ϶
ʱֻɹٵͩ̾͸о鱻ֻͩͨɹ֮ͬ
ڶ֮ڣֻܹͩص֮
һҲؼһν뱾Դռ䣬С
ʵҲѣӭ֮޼֮а֮ٸԴ֮ƿԴڣͽȥ
߾ǵȵ׶ٹȥ֮͸һ̣ͽȥ

˵ַʵͩڱѡֻѡһ֡
Ϊһƽ⣬ͬʱɹʱܰ쵽šһҪƫŵö࣬ȶڽ٣ǽǰΣȫںصһϡ
̽٣ûضľĺ־û֮Ĵϣֻ֮һ̵Ĵǻۣǲܶɵùġ
ַҪðķա
һ޷ֻпԼˡ
ͩеķرУȻֱϮӭѶϵ˲գнƶȥ
˿̰֮УŰ֮֮֯
鱩¶֮£ȫʧȥ˱
ߵһͩһǰس֮⣬
ףСӣǰԥһߣԼᶨ޾ηѵãѵã۸̾
磬ϹŽһУֱӼڱԴռ֮ڣԡ̾ͩ鱩¶⣬Ȼֻ˵ͻ֮ʱ㱻ֻʱļ¡
ɣ˳仰ǳϹŽԽֱӼڱԴգ뷨ԴΪӽɹ֮󣬸ܹʱ̸ܷ£졣鱻ԴȾÿ꾳֮ʱͻ˥£˥֮£ʮһ¡ҡͷ·̫˰̾


373  
ڵ̶֮£嶼޷̡֧
֮еľ൱пᣬҪľҪʱ侺һ𣬼Ԫĩյô嶼ֻ
ɵ·֮֮֮󣬾𽥱̭ҲΪڲ̫ǿң·壬ȺڲܵǿٵÿǷչͻᱻϽ̡
ңɵѾʧ࣬·עΪСֻʿѡ·󲿷ֶ˥֮ѡһ·
ͩһ¶֮£׺ͻȻ˲ͷϵ
ͩΧķǿ֮£𽥱顣
ͩ˿ɣʱһɻ䡣
ͩĻ̫ԩˣֵ̫ˡ
壬һеǰ壬Դռ֮ȥ
ֻҪ֧ʱ㹻ˣ
һ룬Χıʩ֧Ųסֲ񱩵ķ֮ݻ٣ͩȫ¶֮¡
׶༪١ۿһĻ̾

飬˵¶ڻ֮̽£Ǳ¶ͨҹ֮£׻Ҳҷ
ͩ˿ûжҡٶûаҲûаֻš
򣡡
ͩһһֱŵֶΡ鱦ʮʱ
ֻǷȻ֮䱻һӰ֡
ʮʱڽ֮У޷ֱͩ顣ĳ˵ͩʮʱ顣
ԣٻʱͶӰǲġ
£ʱͶӰӵøӳס
ͩ˵ֵʱ
ԭ׺羹Ȼرסˡ
ᣬͩݳ˰ΧȦƸӽһ
ڶȥˡ
׽ٺͷٵһȫͷţס˷֮͵ǿķ֮ͩ¶֮µĴȥ
ڷ˫֮ʱҲͬʱɢʱͶӰ
ʱһ̵ʱ
ûûֻг飬¶ڿ񱩵׺֮¡

֣һ㡣һԿҲΪĶǡ
һסͩ顣
ͩʶһڣֻһǿҵд֮֮ڿʧ
ǰٶȱ
ֻͩ飬һ֮£ǧƬ
ͩʶģʧȥ֪
ֻص֮һ̷Ŵͩ鱻ųֻ׹ȥ
ͩͩһҪȥ㻹õδ㻹Լ룬㻹Լ檺͸ĸ㻹û߳档ס־鲻𣡡
ͩ޾ĺڰ֮䱦ĺԭģʶȻعⷴһͻȻ˹
ͩԼ˵ԣҲҲʣһõδһҪ߳棬һ˼ңˣô죿
ͩ־͵ĸǣͩҲҪɣҪЦ£Ҫ֤ޣң֮ͩ¡
ƴˣ
ƳǧƬ־֮£Ϊͩͷһξۺһ

ų޼֮⣬ֻص֮Ź̤˳ǿҵ־ͩƾղһǿķ֮Ϊһ⣬ݳŰķΧ˽ƣǽ֮УһԼŻ֡˵һŻǿģʶҲֻдܸоĴڡ
ͩû˿ɣŽ֮иӿ񱩵֮һǰ壬Ż֮С
ͩŻһͩʶͻȻ䱻ų˳֮С
䡪Ͻɢѿһѿڣ޾ϼѿڴй¡
ϼǵķϵͳͩϡҫǽϼòҫۡ
ͩͷ·һ޵׶һ㣬Щϼ⡣ųһʥĹâɣ
⣬СӾȻɹˣȻǽϼ죬󣬹˵ؽе
еӿͬԡ۵ҲοЦ˵
ֻͩΪģͻȻӿɫһͩΪģγһƬͩԺ󻹳̫̫â

һ㷲˳񣬶ͳһ񺣵ᡣÿһɺͳߣѷһ̶е󣬻ɣ
ǣЩڲͬţͻƳһֳ̣񺣵
ж٣ǺʣԽ࣬츳ԽǿԽͻ֮ظĽҲԽࡣ
һ㣬һԽߣһ
ƮѪ֣񺣵ڡ
Ҳֲεģѽ綨
ֻƾ˵ĸйۺѹжϡ
ʣͩĽϼ졢ɡӿͬԣĴ֣ͬҲгͩĲ
һػԪΪһһ̾ա
ûеҹֵƻʱֳ̣Ƕ
ľˮз֮ԣݻ
һӺݻĴ֣Ż󿪡
֡ݻŶ찡ۻ㿴ˣ̾
󣬱Դռѿ޾·ˮһ㵹£ͩڡ

Ŵ󣬹ȻΪ̽ٵ̾Ϊֹ֮Ҳò̾һ
ŴʷûгֹŴߣҲֶ˰ɣԵ̾
֮췢еϢ۵һʱѡΪͩķââ̫ʢˣǴȥȻ۷Ĺͬɱ
ضȺһҲѡɱ̫̬ˣ̫˼ˡлᣬҪţûлᣬҲҪ
ͩЩֺôԪһֱ˴ˣӡںϣԶÿһ
֮·һֱһ㣬ΪСӴԺͩ㣬ӡ塢Ԫںϡ
񺣵£һޣֻʮϢˡͩһαͨҪǿһΣľתҲ˵һתֵ㣬ͨ
ͩԪһֱԪת

ͩյ÷ǳ̶࣬ʮϢͩת
ͩҲڻر
ΪԽߣԽǿ󣬱˵λΪһλֻܹӵһٹߵ壬۷ǾŰٹﵽһǧ֮䡣
һǧϵһ£һﵽʮ֮䣬Ӵ
һɡɡɶӦľλ̫ɶӦλ̫ҽɶӦľλ񣻳ɵһΪ⣬λָԭΡ
ָǲųɣڻûпԼĶĲˣɣ洢֮УԾԽߣ洢Խ࣬ҲԽɴŰٶ๫
ɣָڶɣɰӴĸָۣԭ͡
о仰˵úãŨĲǾ
ȻɾŨ֮Ĳͨɣޱߡ
ɣɸһɹͨڴԴ֮е飬˺һ仯֮ת֮¡

ˣ鲻ڴԴ֮ΪУռв֮УҪһЩ
ĻɺڵСС棬Ƥ֮䣬Ǽڹ֮С
֮£ΪУռв֮УĿռƬдСУͿЩռƬһαװ൱ᱻġϵͳ֡
ǺεؽڴԴ֮Уƽʱల£ǶشͻܵȾɡ
ɵĽ˥֮١
ܹɹߣټ١
ͩڳ֮ǰѾﵽ۷ľ磬ͻ֮ȻͻΪ۷ɣ᳤Űٶ๫
ҺãͩڵƬ㳡ר޽Ķɽ֮ͩҲƻǵĸ֡
񺣵ᣬµľǱԴռ֮е޾֮󣬻Ϊͩɳ衣
һʮϢͩǵ˾Űʮ߹ߴ洢Ǻ

Ŵ񺣵֮󣬾ʧҲָԭ
ͩ˫ۣйâһһԼڴЦҳɹˣ̽ҲκҲãԪ޾ûиʱȥٲõˡ
ϲϲ𣬴һһʨʨӲ˵Ƕۡ
ͩ۱¡ͩҵлǰǵķϵͳΪֵ٣˽ܲܶɵùȥ˵ءͩȻҲһЩ׼˵ֵ٣ϣǵķϵͳǲеģͩԭĴ÷ɱӲ
ڶİ֮£۵׿֮£ͩһɽ֮ʥأǵķϵͳΪͩãͩΪţĶɽ١
ϲ㣬֪ͩԪǵһɹ̽ٵʿϲؿΪõɡÿһΪɶһţ֪ĵʲôص˵ͷͩеʵ
ޡͩػش
ãͻƣδȣ׼ڴ˴չǱޣʱղޡ΢΢һЦ
ƺĳǶӦɵ֮еġƺ
Զ֮ɵʢɽ׶οɳСɣɽ׶οɳƱɣɲԳƱ⣬֮Ϊ
̫ϣɹһ٣֮ΪһԺԼ
ͩ㣬۷ɾеţԳҲִֻˡ


374  ٶ
ͩڿ߾Űٶ๫ľˣǣҲֻܹɵоǳҲܹͩҪ
ֻͩȻͻƳ񣬲ֻж۵ȼλ߲֪˳˶⣬˶˭ڶɽ١
ʱ䣬ͲҪ߶ˡ֮ǰѵ
ͩŵһռ䶴֮ס¡
óЩΪչһЩͻƵŶרõġ
ͩ붴֮󣬾ͱչع̾硣
ڴͬʱǣڱŵʱͩɽʱ
˭ôȻرɫ޹⣿
֪֪ô֮УϰϹŽҲв٣һЩţù
Ϊ̫ͩ͵ˣȻ֮УҲǼֵò̫̬Ҳû˻뵽ͩôͻơ
ԣ뵽ͩϵ˲ࡣ
粨ֻ֮۶ѣΪ۵ټǵһľӢ˭ҲûаϢ⴫

ͩչأϸظһ³֮Ĳ֮ͬȻڸоϣûʲô仯ʵϣ塢ӡߺһ֮ͩҲ֪ڵжǿ
Ҫ˵仯Ҳͩٶȱ֮ǰˡ
ʮʱڽ֮Уʱòˡ
ͩռ䣬صԼҵׯ԰
ׯ԰Ĺܼյֻʥ򼶣ͩİ³ɹ˰񣬶ͩм֡
£ˣСȥ֪ͨˡոϽȥ֪ͨˡ
ˣôһ˳𣿡żʵ
Ϊռʶռ䣬ֻͩҪĻͲ¶
Ѿ˳ɹ٣ˣͩһ˵˵У˽ˡ˵ˣǿ϶Ǽٵġ
̫ˣ̫ˣϲϲǼڳΪˡͩҪˣϼ壬С룬ͩҪǿҡ
һͽˡ
үĳˣԺԪ޾ˣҲΪ
ǵġͩ϶ص˵ͷ
̫ˣһڼҲͬؿĲ

ͩһʶռһ檳Ϧദŷʶڹ֮̾С
ü죬硢ࡢŮһͩ˵һ£һֱȥҲһ¶ҪЩҵ㿴Щʲôأ
ôģͩһ£ùЩһֱԼߣ϶ǴȻռ֮УгĻᡣ
ԼΪһ츲صı仯ҲʱǸһЩɵ顣
Һʱڿռ佻׾֮гֱһЩĵãǸɴЩڻǿ̣ô翪ʵ
ţԣϲǡͩЦЦ˵
򣬻أ뿪һ¥ε˵
Сӣ¥ҲУͩһ»ش
ǣ˭˵Ͳܿ¥ˣֻҪһЩ˫޵ķţʱǾͿһ¥٣ʱ˳齨Լ鱨ϵͳǰڷڣѧľ
鱨ϵͳԼģ⵹һ⡣ͩͷӦϾ̫ˣԺҪһЩ䱦Ǯ䣬ܲͩǧ򣬵ɣ
Уǿ˳齨ԼԺΪҼܲ¶Ϊɣ˵

ҲգǣҶЩóĻṩʽˡͩ˵
̫ˡŮ̾һôֲһЩʲô֮ǳ档
ͩűҡͷЦЦҲ֪Ȼռ֮УҲȷʵǿǣɵȥڰɡ
ͩջʶʼȫĵͶչع֮̾С
ʮʱȫ˾磬ᵽɵǿ
ͩڴ۷壬Կٶ죬ˡ
ֻ⿪ٶҲнģҪǿδΪѡ
⿪ٶĽܶ࣬˵׵ˣǰѶ쿪üģϣ֮仯߻Ὣ쿪ڼϣӽʱҲԴиǿһ򷨡ޣῪǬΪз
ͩȻ׵У߶ֶΣǸ
ͩ޵ʱմҲǱͳ֮

ͩѡ񽫶̴λã￪ٶ죬ƽͣŵû˿Ӱ죬ʺͩˡ
ٶ죬ĳ컯֮ͩһοٶ죬ȴ֪
ͩһϸΪ㣬һݣһս͡
ͩһֳһ˿꣬Уסս͵رڱƬһƬ֮Уһ£
âͻǿɴݡ
룬һֻԡ
ͩǽʮ˸¡
س֣ԻһСԲĶ㱻ٳ
˭õôһС磬ȴֻͩһϸٶġ
νһɳһ磬һҶһɣ
һ٣̺ͩĺʼӿУӴԪΪһƬ󺣽һڻذš
ͩûżŲһһϦܹɵġ
Ҳչ֮ʱ
һ˵ٵĶСûйϵֻеӡںϵԪӿУչ֮ǲǶ͵ʱ

ʱ򣬶ĴСǴ˸
һ˵͵ĶԽ˵ĸԽ
ÿһĹͬеļͬ츳ĲͬȵȷӰ˵ĸ
֮Ļ֡
쿪٣Ķ磬СΣֱǧ
ԴΪˮ׼ַΪ߸Ρ
ÿһΣʮֱ
ۺʿ䶴Դﵽʮҡ
ͩĶ磬ֱûôţֻǿﵽ˼ֱֻ֮ʮҡ
ʹͩĶûдﵽޣӴĶ磬Զ֮ҲԿƾˡ
˵ʱɵʽ΢´ɵʿڲٵĶ磬Ҳ͵ļӡ
ȻڼԪС棬Ǿ˵ڹֱȣ͸ֵһˡ
󲢳ȶḶ́൱һ̣ΪʿֱֿռΪ
ɵʿУٶѡ
Ҳٲ˵ģҲ޷ȱٵġ
Դ֮еˣҲʱ̡ﵽһɶ߶ǻԼҶ֮Уرչصȴ

ͩزһǧꡢǧꡢһꡢôȥˡ
йڵͩɽٵϢҲʷ֮С
Ѿû۴£ϾʱѾȥ̫ãҹעص㶼תƵ
굼رɫ޹ǣҲ鰵֮£ѶҲعʷ
Ϊʵ̫ˣ¾Ŵ۷Ҳƿÿһ䡣
֮治Уĳһǿֻĳһпܵġ
ҵĿ⽥תƵĳͻȺᣬó׵ľϡ
ͳսûȣɰǧսͬʱС
ͬʱ۷ȺҲʱ˲μӡ
ȻΪֺó壬ȡһЩȽƼҲɴļشսȺս
ȻսĲ£мսǿ£սи֡
ڸտʼʱ˼Ӳ֮˫˭ռˣǴĬսսѾûˡ
ӦģսɾͲĬսˣѪս֮սûٹеʱۼǿ߶ǳſƾ춯ء

֪˶ãͩչվʱͩѾָԭͣǼٹߴľˡ
޵ɹλͩҲõ˼ͨ˵صܹͨͨͩӵиߴɽǿ
ָһ㣬ͩһ£ԼȻչʮ֮ã
ĸоͩǷǳܹᡣ
ͩӶĵ뿪˴˴㳡иȥ
һߣһ߷ֳʶռ䣬ϵ˹ȼŮ
Ҳ˵һǵġԹһ绹ǵһֿͩʮ꣬ܲ˼
ͩѹ籧ڻУ˵ˣΪˣ뵽ֻǱһιأȶ磬Ȼ͹ȥʮꡣ
ʵͩǲ˽һĲΡ
εʿѾûԪʱĸ˵ֻһʱı־ѣ޷ΪҪĴ
ԣǳһιأɰǧ͹ȥˡȫѽڣ仯ǿͺһȺڻ
ɷб֮˵

ΪʲôҪΪ壬ԭΪһ㣬ֻŲмʱʱ˥֮١
ϼ壬ԭҲǿһʱһ壬Ǿô꣬Ȼ䵽嶼첻ϡ
ү񡣡кһ
İ˴Ѿһͬͩүү룬򸣽𰲡
ããáͩ΢΢һЦתͷʵࡢҶأ
æ£ûпءش
ѾֳΣֱ̺ͩ͹硣
ôȥˣһпɻ˳ˣͩʵ
һ˳ӻ治Сһ̼ӡӶ⣬Ҳǡ翪ĵ˵ôķչӵо¥ǧңֲҲôͰѱǮ׬˻ֻʮңһЩĵرҪΪռϷ㣬һңڷһЩµĴõ鱦ƵһЩҩпЩһŽģòײŷչ͹ģӷѰһ¶СҲ˼ҽһЩм˲š
ͩҲû뵽ôڣȻһڳôļҵ


375  
ʵͩҵȦӲûжоǳ֮ͩҵȦӵ֮
֮УҵǼΪģֻҪ·ǿԽӴͬĲϡŹֵƷĵر͸죬Чһ
·ֶ˵оеġ
ҵȦ඼ͨ⡣
ص߿ƼֲͬӦоУСճƷ󵽷ɴսе
Ʒ֮ϵ鱦Լҩĵر໹ֽʵ塣
ϡΪ󣬺ܶöֻв򵽣Ծö֮оͳΪҵȦʵ壬ӵзǳȻĵλ
ȻҲǷּģͨĵͼȻö˵ûʲôѶȣֻҪƷ·С
мпɾˣУҪÿһֵƷҪ֮һ鱦εı
ͼУеʱãҲܹյһЩ鱦ıԲܴδζС
мȴ԰쵽ܹﵽ̶ֳȵУ䱳Ҳһ򼸸ʦҩʦֲ֧С

ʦҩʦĵλߣǲŽʦҩʦʿǵƨ
ˮƽԽߵʦҩʦλԽǳȻԽǸ߸ϡ
ΪˣܵɧҲǳ֮࣬ˡί֮ˣԼĻ֮ʤ
ЩʦҩʦͨڽӴ˵ŶΪ֪ǽֵʵ壬ԼƷջسɱ׬ȡӦֿݣ౻˿Ӻͱ鷳
ǽֹϵֳĳλĳλҩʦܹϵ֪Ⱥɢ⡣
ΪеԭеĵλҵȦҲǼߵġ
ڸ߼УĶɱεĵر
һּܹУ䱳ҲԲСؼľУҲмӡ
У̶ֳȵģǳϡ٣ҲҶѡҪ֪޿ӶܲڵĴޣ䷱̶½һġ
ｻ㣬ҷģԼŰˣҿܻ̻һŻȥͩ˵

ͩһЩ֮󣬾ͽͨջʶ
ΪͩѾ˴иǰ
ˣÿ죬˫ۣͩЦ
Ҫлǰϡͩл
ĽٶϷҲΪ֮Ŀѵõǣ㹻͵һֱڹעҲ벻Ѿһ㼶Ϸοܹĺ֮㡣ĵ˵
ףծպԻֻͩǫ˵
ˣʦչأܸ˵һЩ飬Ϸˡһת˵
ΪȺĴţȻȨǽ֮ǰһдȨȺԴȨȺȨܹܵһȨȺϧ۵ǣκλرǵǽʱ򣬾ͱþǵ񡣡˵ͣһ¡
ͩһϴӣһҲûУʵϣͩԴ׼ˡ
ǵһκʽȺڶȺչø׳󡣵ǰߵǰ֮£ŬԼȥԪ֮λ˵

ͩˣ˵ˣǱѸзڵλʱȺΪȣΪ
ʵѣ˵൱򵥣ҲȻġ
ף֤񣬾ԲΥͩ϶ػش˵ﻰͩȺӶĸй൱ãԶߵҲǷĵġܹͩн죬ȺͩİӦлرͩ
Ǻǣ˵ˣ˵˵ģκһλ½ţȫ˾֮󣬱ɵΪȺף˵˵еġ㿴פ⴫и󣬾һֹףٿϼң½һ½ػ½ȫ½ԴҲһֹסѡ񣬵һÿһ꣬ϽʮӪ׼Ͻʮͨɱʱһ꣬һ֮ͻָ˵
˵ˣÿһ꣬͵øɵʮǽȺʮͨɱ
Ҫƾ˵ȷʵ൱ڣ
Ȳ˵ɱеķվͷǳ

ĸ֣粻٣ǵжӪȴѰҪֻս
ͩҪսͷ굹Ǻð죬ʱȻע⣬Ҫ֪ɹɱô֣ľ֮ŭ˵ۼָܳɵ
ضͩǾԲŹᣬͩ߻Ļ˵۳֣ǼԪԳ֣ͩҲµġֽŸɾһˡ
ʱ˵ս飬ͩôȥȥҲɷȥ֮ͩҲӵзͨһѲͩ
ͩҲܿóȺҪɱ׼ɱȺ̵һ
һҪʮͨɱֱڵ
ѹեͩͶ
ͩ㹻˼ʱ䣬ſ˵
Ȼ涨涨ģҲûзĿռ˵ɣһǵһеĹһޣȻڵ飬ҲϾڹĿЩ

ͩˣͺһ⻺еģ϶ҪϢġ
ͩһ£ҲܼͩķΧ֮ڣ㲻̫ѡ
ѡһʵ
ͽɱɡͩͷӦ
ܺãΪʦ֮ڣӵгþסȨʦרñһ֮ⶰԶ˽Сֻش
ͩһ£Ҫ֪ǿһֱסѵӪر棬ĹȨģֻоסȨѡ
ĵطȴҪ
ﹺʹӵþסȨǿǮ򲻵ģֻйǿߡšо˲Ųס
һĲȨԻһϵɱˣ
ȻûԸϵɱǱһ£ڼֵϣȵġ
ͩʣûǸͲһϵɱһġ
Ȼֺ£߲ͩܵġ
ͬʱͩҲףνĶʩһӣٸһ档
оסǣҲ󱲽ΡͬʱȨ״Ӻͼӡ˵

ͩɵˬ뵱˽Σ벻ֵԼϿˣٺٺ٣ˮȻתġ
ͬʱȨҲζͩʽ롰šײ㣬ϲײ㡣һڳˣṤˡ
ͬʱÿϽһͨɱӵһβ񱮵ĻᣬÿĽ֧һȺ׵㣬оյӵɹҲ뿼㷢ӦȺ׵㡣֮ивлر˵
ţ˵һѹءϸڡԼײأвģʽ
ͩͺѧҵ乤һʼµ
ͩѵӪԼ¼ҡһռа˰ƽ¥СռزʵڲԿռ似ɵģڲռһǧһ
Ҳ˵ڲռⲿռһǧ
ľڲռǿԵصģĿռչ޾һǧһһǧ֮ѡ
еϲ壬еϲԭΣеϲסһ㷿ӣеϲСһĿռ䡣
ֿռصԻΪ㲻ͬ˵Ĳͬϲá

ȻʦרãȻҲҡңȽãи¯ĻȽĸϵͳȫĲѡ񡣿˵׼ӦоУǹŷ豸ִ豸С
ͩڽ֮󣬿ǹŷ豸֮е¯ȻһĻ˲֪еɱ¯ͩʱҸؿҪιȥˡ
ͩʹõ¯߲ϵ鱦⻹ͩ˴ԼƳġ
ɱ¯ֻһѡ
ν£
ҪɱƹȻҪﵽһı׼С㲻һ¯鱦ͬҲ鱦¯ɱ
ȻҲ˵һƳɹֻеķռ
ȼԽߣԽƣͬʱƵҪҲԽߣʧҲԽʧ֮ĺҲСһ룬鱦¯ɱһʧܣƷɱܻܿը¯ĺΪ鱦¯ڲϾһӲˡһը¯ҲΣ֮УһɱըǺεȿ£

ԣһεıͱҪӦεĹ߲СȻ֮УҲһִȻǿƼҪߵˮƽߣΪҲҪ߲С
ͩڿɴﲻˮ׼ԭڴһɱ¯á
벻Ȼ˴ֱʣ͸һмɱʹãһõĻ˲֪¯
¯Ҳ¯¯¯ָǳûù¯¯պ෴ʹõ¯ȻȲʹõ¯ڹҪõöࡣ
Ȼ¯͵Ļڣߣֻܷڴ˴ͩѾ൱֪ˣϾһԺһжʽͩ˵˽˲Ʋ¯
ͩԴ൱⣬ŸɾҲˡ
ͩʽ¼ңͩڵûͬУʵϣƬʮҾſգ¿ʹõı˵ͩƮѪˡ
Ȼ˶ʸᵽסʸסģͩʦ⣬ҲֻдﵽսʮŲϵʸ


376  
ǾˣЩҲﳤסģΪǱϾ񣬴󲿷ҪչضѡԼ֮бչأȫĵط
ͩҲûȥ⸽סЩھӣѱĿռһһı֮˯һ
һ֮ͩſʼ˼Ž⡣
סϺܳһʱˡͩ̾Ҫ鲻٣һԼҪÿһ͵Ͻʮͨɱһ׮С⡣Ϊһʮͨɱһ򵥵飬ʵϣ²һѡ
ɱƿ飬ݻҪʱشĥͰͩڼɱʧʱȻС
Ҫ֪Ͻʮͨɱϴ󲿷ֶԼġ
ΪʲôҪԼͷϣͷֻʮͨɱĲϷٶҵķϣͩʦƣֻͩɹһãȫϣ
ɱĲϿɲͨĲϣյԴÿһλʦַĲҲǼޡ

޵ԴȻҪȷָɹʸߵʦʦǡ
ֻͩһʦܹϷ㲻ˡ
ңʦԲˣҲͩ겻񣬼֮겻ɣҲûйϵʱˡ
Ǳ߻ϣͩʮϣҲ׬ȡϢ
֮⣬ͩҲȷʵҪĥֻмﵽˮ׼ͩܿʼƷ񣬸һִؼƻ
סһǲϲȱͩҪʲôϣֻҪܸϵͳֱͨ¶Ҫ˶þר
ǺƧĵرֻҪܹҵģܹŪ
ΪŴ󳬼֮һƾ˵֮󣬾ųϵĲϣѲ
Ȼʽ¯֮ǰͩһҪҪɡǾǷֻ
ʿǳ˵ͻ񣬶ӵзֻͶӰ֮ͨ

ÿһϵĴڣֻܹһΪԼһ󾳽ķɢ֮ǰֻܷڶ䣬ֻʧֻĵĲꡢѣԱûжӰ졣
ҷ뱾壬һ£ʶһ£ȴ֡뱾Զܹʶ֪ͨ˴˵״˼붼ͨġ
ͶӰûƣֻҪ׼ȷĶλΪýȷʵܹ꣬ͶӰͶӰһֻб֮һٷ֮һ߲ٷ֮һͶӰͶȥ֮󣬲ջͶӰ֮ǰͶӰ˼벢ἴʱ뱾干
һֱֳͶӰ¼Ӱ¼
ôڣֻҪͶӰʱ޵ģôڡ
ͩѾ޳ɣ˶죬Ȼӵͨ
ͩȻ뿪ǣһΣǲͩķ
ԣ֮ȻǷֻ
ɷӱһģϸ΢֮ȴǸ
ֱֻͩԼҶ֮Уͨ컯
ǡһߺͩһģһͬѪ͡
ʱͩĽɹڶ֮˳

ͬ꣬ͬʶ뱾֮ϵԼӾйۣͩΪһ
·ֻķͺʮǰδͻʱͩһ
ѪһھҲһµġ
Ҳ˵żãǣҲӦɱиУͬģľҲͣͲǰ
ͩԭõһеɱ˷췽ȴ䱸һԴͨ鱦
ΪͩҲûбԴͨɱãֻ˶ˡ
⣬ͩͨɱ̸˷Լϵɱİ̡ϵɱĹ֮˷Ϊʮʱֻһһڽ֮У˱صɱԵûжˡԾͽʹãǲ̫ݳ޵⣬ͩҲԼĿǡ
õģðײá
ңֻҪͨĴԼǲѰʿ鷳
ͩص֮Уõϵɱսףһ̣һɱԼһϵɱɽ

һ˼ǣֻͩ˷һɱûнϵɱսҲ˷
һɱѾΪˣ˵ٶһˡ
ֻͩ˷֮󣬷ͱչ֮ҪƵɱԼʱͨռȥѡĴڿΡ
ͩĵһÿξǡľ֮Ȼÿһλʦڿζͬ½ͬһ£ǵҲһ
ǰεÿε˲ֻ࣬вˣЩ֮УǰʮģֻˡϿ֮ǰ֮ͩпϡ
ľ֮֮У£˵乥ǿһ¡ͩϿξͿʼ⡣ڿͨ׶ԣԼԼµ˳Ȼһÿֻʱֻͩ½һţݿɲһÿξܹġ
ǽֳ죬ÿʮÿΡܹǧÿβܽꡣ
Ȼֻͩ𽲣ѧܹ٣ǾҪԼԺŬˡ

ңڿΣڿε٣ͬġľ֮вʮڣǵ̽һ
˵ͩԽ֮·еԵееǹеԴͬ
ͩʼڿգۼ͹ȥһ졣
³ء桢˾һ촫ţʮʮ塢ʮߡڶʮһš
һͬ㣬ǾԽҶľ֮
ԣ˾ͳΪͩڿε֮еٮٮߡ
Ҳ˽˽飬ʱȡһȽ۵
Ϊͩڿα񶼸ֱͨ͸ΪѧȻǴռˣٶȼ졣ͨǷ񱮵Ĵ֮󣬺ܿ˼¡
˳شսһ㣬֮ͬո¶ͷǡ
ˣǼ½ʦѾ鵽˭ˡһ죬ͩĵʮÿν֮־һһڵ
˭ܹ˹ªţΪ˶ƽûһ죬֪̫飿
Ҳû·ɲ鰡

еϵΪ۵֮ʱһʱ̸֮۵ͩʱҪ֪̽
һ֮²ŷ֣λʦɲͨ
Ǽʦɲͨѧųţռİʥ򼶣ǧ޳չҲˣųλѧȫ涼֪ķɱϣڵһλҲʮˡһݵ˵
˵۵ٶȣ֮УʮҲֻƮѪǰܹˡ˵
ȻͩͻͱչϢͷŵ
ͩҪϢҲףϾϢͩһֱˡ
ԣͨһͩʱ꣬˵޹ʱ䡣
ңҲͩϢط˳
֪ͩɻ̽٣Ŵʢ٣˶֪صľ顣
Ϊͩͻ֮һչؾʮ꣬ǵߣϲ൱ɹ

棬֪Ϣ֪Ϣ֮󣬶ڰһͩţͻΪ¾ڰ׶λ۵̫ۺһͻƵ硣
֮У޷Ӱ쵽ʵԱȣԽףĳ˵Ҳһʧ
ͩϣ鱨ϣ൱ȱֻвļ¼͹ϢϸϢĲ࣬ⷽ棬ͩϻȲƮѪϸ
ҲΪ̫ͩ͵ԵʣҲռͩϵ˴Ϊͷֹۡͩͨʲôӵװж١ʲôЩֻĵļʼ¼Щ¼ͩ¶ġ
ͬľ׶ۣͩͩʵԶʵʵϤͩĶľ׵ȺҲ֪ͩ˶ʵ˵ˡ
Ҳ뵽ͩͻ˾֮ǰѾﵽսڶʮһĿֲ硣
֪ˣʨֵ֮ͩĻǻɳǿΪʨұ˳Ĩɱͩš

ǣ֪ͩľ磬¾ͻɳ֮ѻͩ
һʿȻʹﵽսڶʮһ㾳粢һһʦţԻøж嶼˯ž
֪ͩǵ𶯵ףҶɹ˴˵еĻ̽٣ǾͲֻ˯žôˡ
̫ͩ͵ˣټϲһΣһ綼֪
ͩΪڿΣһǳסļʽټͩΪ֮ԪޣҪɱͺˡ
أͩĹעҲؽͣͺƮѪĹעһתƵո¶ͷǵ½ϡ
ͩʦһ£ǲսϣʹҲ֣ԣҪɱͩѶȼӴ˲֪ٱ
ǰͩûн񼶱֮ǰл԰ɱȷʽɵͩ󻼵ԴǣʱҪһ㣬Ѷȱǰ˺ֹ򱶣
Ҳڵһʱ併ֵֻͩһеɱˡٲǰʱڵһϵɱĳۡ
һеɱܹһЩͩȤЩ޷ķ񱨸
Ȳ̸ǾҪĵ̶൱ѡ


377  
ͽ¿ΰɡͩһʱ䣬˵ʮÿΣʵγ̽û򵽼µѧѾ൱ϡˣֻʣһ˶ѡ
ϾεĶĴţǵ츳ȻҪˡ
νһ£ֳǧÿֻӹŶԵġ
ȻͩξǽΣֱһΪֹҪͩһҪǧÿ֮ࡣ
ˣſγ̣ΪͿԽˡ֮ͩǰ֪ͨ
ڵǲܹͨǰĿγ£ǾͲͩܿƵˡ
ſǲٽˡ
ʦ´Ҫſγ̣³󵨵վʵ
¡ͩʴ
˵꣬ͩˡ
ѧҲͩ뿪֮Ÿȥȥط
³־۵һ𣬻۵д衣
¸£޺ʦὲľ֮һ£٣̫ˡ˵
ҡҡͷϧֻʮ֮һܿγǶԼµ̵ܻޡ

ҲôΪ£ѾˣʹԺҲܹԼȥ֮Ƕ򼸸£ȻٽЩںؿڷ
ִԲӣûж㹻̵ֻܹϵ˳ںϣ³Լ˼˳
Ҿá
žʹ
Ҷ֮Լļ⣬Ҳʮּ֣ÿζû۳ֻԼ˭Ľˡ
գۼ䣬ٸ͹ȥˣͩ˵ٸ㲻ʲôǶЩµĴ˵ٸܾܿͻ춨պɾ͵Ļ
һǧţŵҵֻǧ˰ҡ
ͩڿ֮󣬱չز֮
ʮıչԼǷãͩѾطĵȼƽ߼Բĳ̶ȡ
һͩľֻһ֮ң
һȥܹͩΪµ
һڲţǽȴָ

ͩķ֮Ĺһ׼
ͩϵԶ½޵Ĺ硣
ռ֮У粻һˡ
ôżңһŵʵ
ǺǣյҸʼͩʵ
ڳ֮ͩͨڲȥ˴ɵǿΪͩͶӰĽٶλꡣ
ͩûͩڿ˶죬ⶴԴһЩЧã˵͹ܡ
֮ҲܹﵽͬЧ
յˣҲ֮ǰķԸ˽һͻ˷½ҡش
ܺãóһŵ⣬ȴƬ̣һͻõ޴ľϲͩԹգգ˵
簴ͩķԸóŵ֮ĵϡ
ͩķʹԼҵĶ֮Уͨ죬Ӧ֮Умָ
ͩıһ䣬֮УȻһ£˲ʧ
Զ֮⣬½ޣͩׯ԰Լķ֮УͩȻ֮ǰһ

㣿羪һ˵ͩ
ǺǣȻˣҪȻΪ˭ͩʶͨ˹磬ʶرסο
ôģѵѩһӷӦ˹
¶ˣҵİôԭûжɣͩЦʵֱ֮ͨӷĳأͩҲǵһΣȷʵ൱ʡ
ֻǷȣΪ⣬ĶǰһģһҪ֪Ѿɣķֱ治Ƿҡͷش
ʵͱȣҲ˶٣ʶͬԴиоͨʶݸ𡣡ͩЦ˵
ͩ˵һϽлæˡ
ࡢͺҶż£϶ڼ
Ŷе
ãˡ
Ҷˣ㾡ؼ
÷նϽһٷʢĴͣһȫҾ۲͡ٶҲϽѼɨһ飬Ȼȥæɵ

ׯ԰ﲻôЩȥˡͩ˵
֪ĿζҲġЩ¡ͩ鷿ӽָȡһʾƽߣϼЩķչ¼Ͳ񱨱
ǼЩ׬ȡĲƸ֧ͩ˵Щľ޴չ
ͩϸؿһ£һ߿һŹĽ⡣
ţЩǵˡͩЦ
࣬˼ҿǼһһǿʹеˡǼȻҪչ׳壬ûкԴߵ˵
ΪزҪҲô򵥵ģԪͩҲһЩֿǣһֱûҪӡ
£Ԫ˵㲻ʲôҪˣĿǡǺԪҲֲܹҡͷ
ӣðɣȻˣλڼϺһʱ䣬ʱ䣬ҾƴҪҲҪһӡͩڻǴӦ

ʿΪԽߣԽúΪ踸ĸ˫൱صԪ
ͩһֱרעΪľ޼Ԫãôһֱûá
ͩѾԪ㲻ʲôҪˡ
ͩ˽⵽ڼһ޴ļŹ˾ӪԪҪΪʳ֡졢̡˾еȼҪӪ
йʳֹ˾Ҿ¥¥︺Ϊռ鱨꣬ڷھרѧרҵ
ҵ˵Ҳһ޴սЩɳ˲١
Ҷ˽ͱ˾Ů֮УҲֻսϴ񣬶ⷽһֵͨͨ÷ǳ졣ЩˮƽǣҲ˳ɳࡣ
ڼĲҵУһ޴ϴǮߣҲһĲҵҲܹͨеõϡеĵرͬʱҲԲ׬ȡҵڹС

÷񡢾ա١塢顢˸ѾͷǷֳĲΪԲҵƹߵְæ
ͩҲԹ࿴ԼݵޣȻڳּ澹Ȼô
ֻһУʵŶ֮Уһ뼸ҵֶѾߡ˲ľôӴһţĹ֮¾Ӫþ
ȱ£ǰͩûп
ͩذѹ籧ϣ˵
벻ҼȻⱾ£Ϊǰûп
õͩĳޣһˣ˵ʵ˼ҲŲأȵǵĺԺ֮Щ¶ȥɡһϲһһЩƽӡ
ƽӣºඣν粻ֹվλϣҪݵƽѣҪõƽǻǲܵġͩе̾
ͩȴ֪ڳ֮ǰͿʼֱֶΣ֮źܿҪеڶ׶εĲˣЩ˵ֹֹܹͣͣġ
ƽʵ̤ͩ·ʼϾͲִϽˣͩѡ

ǰ˵üǡֲɵŮʲôڽɼ
˵ôĲҵչڣ᲻һߣ
Ĳ˵˵У޸СȻǰҲңڶҾӪôһңв⣬ģ
ġƫŵġġĸ־ֶΣǲ
ҵıҲۺӶıҵļͩ½֡ͩʦλĻЩֿ»ȡֱӵĿֲֶˡ
ˣµı˾Ϊ˿ĸҵҲС
Щ֣Ҷ֣ǶЩҵǻøֶȥѹӵġ
˵ף涯İ
ҳΪµ壬ʮ꣬ûŽһӴ漯ţⲻ˵ƽܹƽ
ͩڵĲҵЩټǧȣ㲻ʲô

һϸ룬νһ˵õȮ졣
µ𣬶ĵֻôޣܲ
ҪչҪڲʵҪţڲìתⲿìܡ
пܻڶ֮С
ȶԣҵֶιһЩȴ㲻ڶ
ʵ˼ɻĲʲôʳֲҵҲ۲ҵС
֧ҵͬʱҲۺͼɶʵĲҵͬʱҲֱе档
⣬ҵ൱Ѹٵģֻ㹻ʽ𣬾ܹѸ俪ôҲʮΪʲô
ʽ𲻹Ϊȥͳṩıȡ
ͩȻ֪֮ͨͩЩҲҵľȡ
Ҫµľ¥¥ͱб֤ЩҵİȫӪͬʱҲ˾Ҫ˾ֱ֧ҵĹģʵֻ㹻ԴѭﵽĿġ
˵˵ȥĽֻһǾ취ԼеʵԼУǷֹͣһЩС
ֻܹüŹ˾ڳ֣ϵطչ׳ȥ
үúܿ죬鷿֮󿴵֮ͩҲؽ˳һˣҲһͬ˽ͩ


378  ֱ
֪˶ã֮һ̫Ǻһ˯磬ͩӴûгŮ˴һ¡
һ˴սʮˣеܲΪ˵Ҳ
ʱҲ˹
һ檶˹̺ͩϴ
Ȼˣвҵͽˡڵ
Ҳաͩ˵ͷ
һٷʢͣͩ͹磬÷ȥС
Ϊȡ԰֮⡣
޵ؽ磬Сǧƣֲ޸ǡֻҡֱǰҵСԼС
нǱ䱳ϰ嶼Ҳǳ
ͩԼȨ޲һ£ҵкҲꡣеȻȻͬҲгʱ
֮ǰҲʢΪԭ˥ˡ
ɺϵǣеıӰֱ󳬼
˵Ӷıҵ칫˾ı˵ı

ҲˣҵеƷȫҲ٣ҶΪƷ
ԵøӲƴ֣ģҲ
ȻǲģΪӶǿҲвҶǿֶΣֻЩػصֶϼŵķչ״
ͩеĶ³칫ңһеĹɾĸ߲ڸ𣬹ֻҪ¾Ͼˡ
³칫СҺ滹һϢң칫Ҵųȥ칫ң칫²š÷еĲ񲿡
³칫װ÷ǳİ칫ϵϰΣгö³ϰȡ
ͩûһӵ֪ͨһڸ߼Ƿ׷׹ϰ塣Ҳϰ壬Ӧ˵ϰ塣
ΪλŬʹнյĳɾͣǹûһнˮţҲɡͩԸȻͩ˵ָ꣬ķݣꡣ
лϰ塣һл
ͩںһ֮󣬾ͷǳȥˡ
磬ó۹ⲻͩ޵Щ£ȥǲǻ֮
֪ǣЩ֮У󲿷ֶǼļҽ翪ڽ͵

Ĵ󻷾֮£ĸԼҵļҽΪãǴƸ
ȻҲġ
еʱ򣬻ҪƸԱС
ͩܿͽ˽ɫʼæµ䵱飬һԸͩæ
ܿģʮʱ͹ȥˣͩҲڶ๫̧֮ͷһ̾Щ˵ʵڻĲɡЩҲˡ
ˡֻҪһᣬŻæµƽʱ򣬵Ҳûôæµ翪˵
ͩ˵ͷͺáв쿪ҵģУһµһ֮һСᣬѹһͨ鱦һ굽֮һеȹģᣬѹıҲе鱦֮еٮٮߡ굽֮䣬һδ͵ᣬѹᱦҲϵ鱦㹻
Ϊϣϵ鱦ѰԴʱ䲢ǹ̶ģһƽʮһΡ

ڳֻᣬΪ׼һʱ䡣ֱѼȫʮ鱦ı
һᣬһаʮżƷвסĽ׵ĵرֵҲ㡣һЩƷҩ͵ҩһЩߴʦֹƵľƷƽߡ
ͩæһ죬Ž׼ꡣ
һ԰æһ߸ͩеһЩϸںҪ㡣
֪ҪάȥͱȶĻԴг˷µһ鱦⣬ܹһЩĵҩȶĻԴûУɢƷʱӵһЩ̾ҵУºʦкϵмȶĻԴ·
ͩϰʱ˺ܴһ鱦Ȼʱĳռ֮УȻ顣
ټͩؾһѹκɱ޶ᱦջȻС
Ҳǿʲܰңһʮ鱦ûȫ֡
ɼͩؾ֮չ˺ıȻд󲿷ֶǴ徫Ӣġ

֮ͩЦԲǸ󣿡
ˣôܰĴѹҡͷ̾
е˵ףǱȵӲʵļĶԽԽļоܹսʤ֮ͩһЦ
Ҫô羪ȵʵ
ǺǣûǸҪССѣҪпˡͩҡҡͷ
ͩʱ򣬺Ȼ֮䣬һͨѶ˽
ˣϰ壬мλĿҪ˻ƷУ½ӵһϢЩ˻Ὣ͵УϲҴӹ¶ʼɳ˲ţӵмǿĹ츳Ĺ֮£һУǾֹͩ˲ǼΪصġ
⣬ɻˡееͬʱҲǳ÷ģԳΪȡ
һͿʼˣ嵥Ҳɷȥ½һ˲μӴ˴εᣬһЩ˷֣ǵҪıﲢû嵥˵ֵĻʹô

һ㣬еأֻҪ˱һƣٸֶΣеαȻӰ죬ҲҵյĽ֡
ֱּͿƶΪί߶ǩһݺԼһһΥԼͻܾ޶⳥
ȻǼλҪ󳷻ƷίˣȻҪһʷͬСɵΥԼ⳥⳥ͬһЦʵϣӿصȫˡ
ȻǴֱʣоȻһǣò˵һʵ̫ˡڹ米̺ŵ÷̾
ΪĻҪľ޶ۣɱһǧһǧٵ
У˭Ҳ뵽ֻһһУԲˡ
һ˵ڴһеĻ벻նѣҲʹдӴ澡ʧԴɢҵȥˡ
û뵽ֻʱһУô죬翪ʵûԽ޴ҵس⣬Ϊͩһ֮ڳĻȻһϰյ÷ǳ׼ȷ

ȼȷʵ˶ģҪֶǣֱǳ롣磬Ըȥ⹫棬ʵ棬ȡΪֲؾʮһᡣʱʮϵϵ鱦һͨ鱦ԼһϹͩ˵
ǣ˽ԼˣʣͩǧӣƢмֹŹ֣һôκ鶼ѵ
йһ򹫸棺ΪĳЩԭشȡյᣬΪ˱ʾǸ⣬رʮǰдᣬδᣬһټͬʱʮϵ鱦һͨ鱦ԼһϹ
һҳʱùעеһڴС˶Ծ
һһδᣬܹϵ鱦ѹᣬѾϷǳɹĴˡһǷһӴˣһǱΪܼ򵥣鱦ټеϵ֮Уÿһγ֣ȻǮ˷
͸鱦۸ĸǣͩЦóʮϵ鱦һͨ鱦ǻʿ͸Ƿ
ϵ鱦ҲͰˣϾееĴᣬƽʮܾһΣϣͻϵ鱦֣򲻵

ͨ鱦ıɾȫһˣϡ٣һֻسڸ߼оеĴϲеó֡
еУȻи߼ġ
߼ײβƽǧŻһΡ
ҲǵһǷɱϾ鱦ɱмǿơ
ͨʦȻԽԽܹ࣬鱦ʦǵúܡֻܹﵽɱʦٵޣǲɱġ
ԣ߼ᣬѹĲͨ鱦
ͨ鱦Ǿɱֻһ֮ңıҲ鱦֮ǿı
ͨ鱦ѶһҲѷɫɱţô˵ϵ鱦ƻܹ˳ͨ鱦ϵ鱦Ҫ򱶡
ͨ鱦ļ۸ߣҲϡѵá
ڹϣͨ鱦ԶԶʤϵ鱦
޵ؽ磬еУУΪֹûһͨ鱦

ΪֱбҲ᲻ȥһỨѼĴۣˡ
һоȻܹóһͨ鱦ΪƷȻķ𶯣رΪֵİҵкС
ȻϼҴҵ󣬱񣬵Ҫ˵ǵıͩһġ
ԣǲùȡֶԸУֶֻﵽĿġ
û뵽еķӦȻѸ٣һֳµĺ
˾ȵľǣоȻóһϹΪƷ͸ˡ
ͨ鱦ǿ󣬵Ҳм޵ġõһϹ˵Ϊ㷭׵ǰĸ߾֮ϡ
Ͼ֮Уõֻ֮󳬼ĸǣδزϹмһˡ
ҰġϽġнȡĵʿһϹȤΪаǰЩ䣬вٵõϹеĸһ֮ͬжɧ
ϹǿѾõ繫ϣһĸ֣ĹǿĴйƽӹ


379  Ӧ
Ϣ֮вЩҪֵǷ׷ίҪĳһ߼
һʱ䣬еֱÿһĴᶼƵ
ֻǴٿףû㹻ıΪѹᣬҲܰ
һ㹻ΪѹƷıǳңʹҵˣҲδԸȥ
ͩңҲԸ⽫ͨ鱦ϵıó
һȣͩŻóͨ鱦ͩǱϹ
νϹʵǷ֮мصǿЩ϶һص㣬ǾǱһĹٳɣҲ
ЩͩһҲۣܹһЩȥá
ɴͽλᣬһһذѹȥˣܹõôе
еæǲֺΪĵĶԽ࣬ǵɺͽҲԽ࣬ȻǸɾʮ㣬ࡣ
еĹ㣬󲿷ֶҴСļҽҵҳ϶ȵǿԱ֤еԽã׬ҲԽࡣ

ң֮һҪҵͰСұҵҪö࣬Ȼֻ𣬵µļԱ֮УʮλԼ
ʵ޵ؽ֮УҲǿˡ
ˣҲͬഫŵݳ
ҵĻ֮УʮӰΧһƺʲô
ƻʧˣ벻Ǳ߾Ȼôֱʵظ˷յϢҵλˡҵһλ񿪿˵
ŶӦķȻͩˣǶеĴѹֻǰˡü˼Ƭ̣ҡͷ̾
ˣƾҵʵҪһⱩΣҵһλ˵
˵ٴˣֱܶñֶΣǵҵĻ߷𣿡ⲻ
κ˶ŵ壬ΪҲͬĳֻǺͩͬѡҵıͬģ£ҵϺҵľ伫˱ֶΣǾ͵ϲسͷɣξ

ϢŭҵȲҡһҵĺ񶼷׷׷
ǲңҪΪҲ֪ڱһЩùֶȡᡣЩǵֻ֮ǰʩֶζԸĶһЩҰ·ӣЩԼҵģҲû̫⡣
һͩɲֶΡ⵱겻֮Ϊһͩȴһ֮еٮٮߣǱԶԼ֮ϣⳡϴѹҵķչȴñֶζԸκһˡ
Υأ󳬼£ʮƵ壬֮ΪᷢչԴìܺһ㶼ֻһΧ֮ڣóΧ治㣬ҲȺ֮
νǱ
ٴһΣⳡϣκֶζãֻбֶβã𣿡ظ
֮ҪѹУΪеǱͬһ㣬νͬԩңѹԼҵп»ᱻ߸ķݶ档
ֻҲ벻ͩһֱʵظ˷ӦһڼƻҪɹʱķ

ԷɫҲܲУȡõĴϰҵһδᣬ跴аˡˣӦԶ˵㲻ʲô¡
Ȼ˺Ͱҵ֮ĹϵҲǳţҲΪңʳǰǰĳ޿ʱ¡
ҪǣͩϽ֮еٮٮߣһʦܵıҲͩñֶﵽĿġ
ڴͬʱӵϢҲһʱټ˼Ȩ㣬Ӧ֮ߡ
һһҪƾõļ壬֮Уͳ˶ʮλ֮ࡣֻǿϧȻֻаҵĴʼߡ㡣
쵰ȻͩǸǳˡƢʵ൱º͵ģʵҲзʱ
ҵֶΣͿֻûв룬ԭֻƣ֮ģû뵽ҵļƻɹˣȴͩǳˡ

㱾һʦֻôˮƽȻޡôȦˣȦ㹻һЩͩŷʦѧ˼ǧꡣˮƽΪ֮ǰһʦˡοͩ˵ٹЩͿƳɱˡ
ܹ鱦ʦܹɱʦ˫ݵĲǲһľ޴ԣЩҲû̫ȥѹҵķչ
Ϊ֪ǲ赲ġ
ͩʦȦϼĺ󱲡ΪᣬǱ޴κ˶С˵Ժĳɾͻ׷ŷʦأ
ʦУмơ
ϣֻеҩ鱦Զȥ
꣬İҵûѹеͿˣһͬǲֹе𣬸ִѹֶΣҲֻǰʱϺһЩѡ
ǲԴаȻǼĲҵ٣нӴĶǼ͸߶˵ԴǲܷβܣһʧǵʧɾʹˡҵһλȰ˵

仰еڡ
νĸ߶Դָľ񼶱ҪʹõԴҲҪģҪȽ֮ǰӴ
ңӵҪҲȱٲ˸ָ߶ԴһĽ÷һǧİƲ
ҲҼ壬Щ֮ҪڷƻʣһӦĺ٣򷲼䣬̻󱲡һ棬ЩǳԴȥġ
·½ԴȲ磬ǱϾﾺٰ
棬ûһ֮ûıͳҪҲֻи˴򹤡ڷưԣܹŻҵռԴǿ
Ҳˣ²ͩҲòӲͷƤΪպӿɾѹˡ
˵ôѵҪó洢ıȥ𣿡ͷ۵ʵᲢƷܹ˵ģֻƷȼԽ߲С
ͨ鱦ıﲻûУֻǰóǵòʧ

ҵĬڿǵʧ⡣
ڴʱӵͨѶ
⣬⵹ϡˣҲмûϵˣôôãʵ
ˣ㣬˲˵Ҫ֣ȡڶھٰһδᣬÿ󡣡ֱ˵ֱûʱͰֻϺԡ
ⲻǻƷô̯֮ͷתͷϺ⡣
֪ҵвƷԼͨ鱦Ʒ߰ټͨ鱦ʮóϵ鱦ľͽɡⲢûռ˿ˣȻðóһϵıĿԿͨ鱦ϹıûðóΪ֪ǲܴӦġ
ңҲûǸ
֮ҲѸٵغʧƷ߰ټⲻ⣬ҵʦ٣ټϴ˵ټټҲܹõóͨ鱦ʮҪ屦⣬ҲܹõóΪЩҲ˲١

ֻϵ鱦鷳һ㣬ϵ鱦ĳɹʵ͵ÿôټóһЩóҲǲԣֻе۶ѡ
Ȼϵ鱦ȥҲܻǵ˵ͷӦҪʵԣû⣬ֻҵĺôأУҺܺ棬ܹóͨ鱦Ϲı𣿡
ĹİҵоհãƷƽ֡⿪˵Ҫóʲô֮ʧǡ
٣ܵ͸¶һɣ㲻ؽе
һóƷ߶ʮͨ鱦˼ϵ鱦Լѹرһ˵
ãǣȻôǣҲСˣһóһͨ鱦䵱ѹᱦ֮һƸ۵ƣоš
㣬ȻӣͰռСˣҲգһͨ鱦ǵʤ󡣡ЦϺȻǲӲӥ
ʱͿϵܵ˳ˡ

ȵͨѶ֮󣬰ĶʮλʵȨ߲㶼һϲؿŰ㡣
ףӣƺתʲô£ǲҪһԸСɨһˣû˵ֻԼˡ
µûһ㼤ͳ嶯ʼգҵػصֶڴѹҵķչ׳
ġ˵
ĶǰľӢȨߣҶĺҲûʲô˵ġ
ˣԴ˵û̬̾˼
ҵһλ񿪿˵£ȻҲУҵһơ
˵һƽؽӿڵ
һǧ˵а˰ٵֶҪ׻Уȴ벻ͩļҷҵìܼˣ˫ҪܶԷȶԣȻƸۣΪǵ·Сܱ׷ʹǸƴǣ㣬Ҳˮһ룬ǼҲȫ·αһȥƴأȻǵõ治٣ҴͷҲǳȴԻ޴һԳɹΪǰġҵλķ
⻰Ƕ˵ֻҪˣǴƽ֣ǵֵҲСһλϿ˵


380  ʼ
ҲգǾͺһ֣һ޷УôǰҾͱɡ˼һ
ǸҪֹһʦļǾԲܵ飬λʦ䡣
ͺֹһû֮ǰҾû˥Ŀܡٿ֮ǰҲбȰҸǿļΪʲô˳еľ޷Ǿǵ֧ˡ
ǣ峤һӦ
Ǳ߿ʼ˴ͳҵһܿģ˺ͰҵϾٰĴϢҪС
ȴЩҪ򵽺öΪˡѵôõĻᣬ󲿷еʽޣֻܶѡһߵἸǲȺͬʱУô죿ʵܼ򵥣񶼿ԷģͬʱμӾˡ
Ц˻ģЩʱۺĴ;޸ǡ
Ǯֻ̫٣±̫
ֻᣬԽʢҪ׼ʱҲԽһޣֻңУ޷Ⱦָġ
Ҳ˵ͨıֻͨ鱦
ɱϵıͱμӴоеɱܵõƫƫÿһٿһΣҳ붼ҪʸġûʸμɱȥˡҲǴһɱ䵽ȥ

ͬʱҲܹɱʦǣλ
ЩûɱҪõɱǣֻȥ취ʶһʦȻٻѴǮ˰æһֱӴʦйֳɵɱá
ֻһ˵ֱƷҪҪöࡣ
еܲð칫ͩϰϣļڰ칫£Ϊͩ
÷ŵү
ͩˬʵӦ
÷ŽŹؽմεس칫һۣ˵ү˺ͰҵˡΪ˺Ǵ̨ͬʱᡣ
Ŷ˼Ϣȥټͨ鱦ͩЦȵ޷Ʒ
˵ʵڻͨ鱦Ȼ󣬵ͩڵĲ˵ͨ鱦ҪƣʱƸʮ˼ġ
ڹ֮ǽ޵ʱƵͨ鶨Ҳ٣Ȼ󲿷ֶѾϽǽ˳ȥʣµһСֶͩղţóļҲ㲻ʲô
ǣү÷գգۣǵū澳ȥˡ

³ͩĳǹϢһʵ˺Ͱҵ̫ǷҪɫ
κ𣬶棬ȻѹǱȻɣԺǳΪҲȡƵĴʩӦԡⳡϣûжԴֻ˫˭ʵǿѡͩҡҡͷ̾òƴһ
ҪԭǣҺͰҶȫޱҰ·ӣҪ׵һ󻼣ǲܵġ
ȻˣֺαذҺͰҵأ
˫֮ҵĲϣûеĳ̶ȡ̳ϵĽûоԵĵˣֻоԵ档
ַһ棬¡˱ϣֽͨ鱦
ִ׼Ĵһ˴󲿷Ŀ⡣һļͨ鱦һϹʱᵵߵޡ
һִܹӵҵͨ鱦ıѾ㹻˲μˣ˵һ

ԥıǰı߷μӡӲԥˣȻμеᣬȥһᡣ
յϢ֮󣬶ʱһ£һ̾û˺һϵ˰㡣
϶λСһҲ㿴ܲٳһǲôѹȥ˵ʲô¡
ýȴû˿˵ٺ٣˼޺һʦͨ鱦ĴǱǼҲѷɫҪϷ㵹ǿԳһ·ǳֶ
ǳֶΣôõİ취ôȥЦʵ
٣Ϸ£𣬾ͺһΣϷ˵ֻҪܹסһĶֵؾˣģϷܲôˡ˵ˣҵĳҪԶʤϷϷżʲôи߸ȥذѻ˻ȥ
㣡ƥ򣡡ֱӹصͨѶ
ϸ룬ͬ˵ģ˷ǳֶ⣬¶ƴҵҲδܹȡʤ
ڷǳֶΣǸȡ֮

Ὺʼգǰ߶ռ˰˳ɣʮλ֮࣡
λͣӭҹУרҵʦơϻ˵ˣϱĵһƷ
ĹԱһ޲ڸǵĴӣ˵չʾ̨ϡ
ƽҿ޲һ£˵˳Դʦֵ֮ϵȷ鱦Ӽסļһ񾧣ͽмһͨ񾧡
ν񾧣ָλ񾧣Ҳǿ۵񾧣񾧱ͨҪö࣬ҲҪͨЧöࡣ
һ񾧣൱һڿͨ񾧡
ôŵĲۣȫΪ̫ͨԵϵϡ١ϡΪ֮ͨĲ۲Ż⡣
񾧡һм۾Ͱ׵ļ۸˲ᵽһ
ıԭͽΣ˵ϵ鱦ˡ
ﰲڵһƷϣǡô˴ҵգҲѹᱦķ硣
ǧ񾧣


۸ܿͳ߿ļ۸ϣȵ׼۷߱

ʱھ۵λѡ
һλ߿ǧ񾧵ļ۸ĵС
ͩרð֮Уһһ㡣
ѹôϲˣǮٶȷʵܿ졣ͩЦӼ׳ɱᳬǧ񾧣ƷҲᳬһȴĵ߿Űʵ̫׬ˡ
ͩǧϵ鱦Ͷʮͨ鱦ŴӶﻻһ񾧣ڿĻҪʮֹ
УƷԵľǡͨڡˡ۸񶼲̫ߣһЩġҩǳƷߺͳƷҩ
ⲿȻǵס˵顣
ϰټƷܿ˳ȥֻһʱѡ
ڼƷǮҲȲһϵ鱦֮ͬһ
ڶϵ鱦ȸǹ׼һ񾧣ÿͽм۲õһ񾧡Ƹոꡣ
ྺģջȡ
鱦Ŀɽ

̷ǳ˳ʮϵ鱦ͨƷмͨƷûһģҲЩϵ鱦ˡ
ɽƽϣʮϵ鱦һĵʮ
ʱ֮Ѿе׶Ρ
ǧͨƷ˳ȥ
λҪʼҪѹᱦһͨ鱦Ƽ׶˱ʦ֮ƣӵǿƼܹ׶ͬ鱦ǲɶõĹ׼һٿ񾧣ͽмһ񾧡
һٶʮţ
һٰʮ
٣
Цٿͨ鱦İٿĴڽмˣһ־һļ۸
۸Ҳŵ˲ͨ۸Ѿ˴󲿷ͨĳܼˡ
ۺ˭أ˰ٿض˻ȥʮذѼ۸ַһ
ߣŰʮǱ߼ֻۣҪģߡۺһ˵
һǧνм۵Ĳһλֻ˵ۡ룬ǵǵ𣿵ȫ͸İ

ãߺŰĹͳһǧ弶񾧣˳߼۵һǧһΣһǧڶΡͨ鱦ۣûеޡ
Ϊɱϡٺѵãͨ鱦ͳɱ֮ǿķӵʵܵڵòɱǵ׷
ʶͨ鱦
һǧ٣λˣһӾǶ١Ҫ֪Ƕٿ൱ڶͨ񾧵ӴƸ
Ƽ׶ϳɱʮ񾧡һһͨһͨ鱦Ҳͼֵٿ񾧾Ͷˡ
ͩһӶͨ鱦ÿһһʮ񾧡
һԱȣͩ;ӶĻռۼֱڵ
һ񾧣ͨϡ
Ƽ׶ͱһǧٿ񾧸ĵ֡
ڶͨ鱦˫֡鱦ؼ汸ԶɽʺۺϷչĸʹá׼һٿ񾧡
䣬̾۾
ͨ鱦ȽƽʺʹĸֱϾֻĳ˾Űٶʮ񾧡

ͨ鱦罣˽˫רǿĸ֡ļȻһٿ񾧡ƴܵ
߼ڣ౦Ҳ٣ͬʱҲǼܻӭı
١
ʮ
١

һʱ߰λͬʱۡ
ܿģ۸ƽһǧʮ񾧣Ѿ֮ǰ߳ɽˡ
ʱ򣬻ھȻ֮ࡣ
һǧ١
һǧٶʮ
ֻӶʮСһǧ٣λƴֵ֮ǰ֮Уγ֣񶼶Դӡ
ĵƷһء
ãźŰĹͳһǧٿ񾧣˶罣Ǳļ֮ͨУΨһһѽһǧٵһΣһǧٵڶΣһǧٵڡ
ʱ򣬵ھźŰ֮еλѾ¶ʤЦݡ
һǧһʮš˲ģҧֽһμۡ


381  ׼ɱ
λһ񾧣һٵǧ֮䣬ΪĲͬж١ȻǲϢר񾧵ǰ֮¡
Ҫһǧһʮ񾧣Ҫһϵʱ䡣
Ȼ׬Ǯֶκܶ࣬һǵ񾧣ЩŻԵļ壬̻֯ΪԼ׬ȡ㹻Ĳ
׬Ȼ⡣ܹ֮ܿܿӱҲһС֣˵мʮǿߣЩǿ֮УҲֻаٷ֮һǧ֮һΪ޸塣
Ҳûаµ࣬ЩҪö࣬ЩʹõĻȴ񾧣˷еһҡ
Щ壬ҵ˾ͼкܴһ׬ȡҡ˵ߣ࿪漰ķ棬СͨʿȻȥͨƷ
ԣܹ񾧵ֹֻľƷսߣû鱦֮£Ҳֻʹսˡ
ҵĲҵ֮У⣬ҵ׬ȡľҡˣųгҲҵ֮еҪԡ

ͨһͣĲҵ׬񾧣µͨͿ׬ľõҡ
֮£Ϊȫ֪ȫܣͨ˵㲻񡣶ֻһǾΪ磬ߵľԼǿʵ
ǰҪճĵԴҪ񾧺͵ҩΪ񾧺͵ҩȼԽԽá߾һЩװϵȻڷģһ޷æˡҲ𵽻㾦ãʵϻҪĻۡ
һǧٿţ֮ǰмһǧٵǵھźŰĹ
һмۣʱѹˣΪ˳ĵ罣
ˣļͨ鱦ͨ鱦Ǳһͨ鱦ǧ򲻿ɴˡ¡ؽܣһͨ鱦ƽҿĻϰڷŵһס
ҿˣһͨ鱦Ƿսף˼ײѾʧķ弼һеƽƣͻʮͼͨɱ֪Ҳţһ飬֤ҿƿڽܵ

ƵĻڳһۡ
Ŷ˼Ҫʲô顣
ڳ˶Դ˼Ȥ
룬رѱӶ£ƴ
ʲô
˭
ûɣ
ޣӶܲڣȻӶܲǽأҲǵճĸλٶӶеϵ²ֱҲǸӹǸӹĸӹ
ӶἫΪҫ۵ĳ֮һս֮ϡңţлмʵȨ
ھ͹һмķֻᣬǽµУ˵Ȩļ֮һټݣгĸ߹λ
ˣ᾿ʲôͷȻܹ붯¡ǳ鱦Ÿμģеı
ֻ˶Դ˲ûκɻͳԾΪǶΪıҲΪԲžȻ
˶еıȤ׷ͨԵֶδصϢϢ

еıѲ飬ĿԴһЩ鵽һĻģȻʲôҲ鲻
ܿ죬м񣬾Ͳ鵽Ҫ鵽Ϣ
ңԭλѹˡ
Ȼֲˡ
ͩѵλͩ
ٵõϢֻһӦǾǾȺȻ
ͬʱЩ˵ﶼԼͬز˼־ηͩλܹƮѪȼĳţܹ棬ȻڲкܴټͩıǾ͸ǲͩʦݣǸޱȡ
˵ͩѾ񣬾ûУݵλҲڳųɾϵӸ߹
ͨ鱦ⱦڼǰͼһΣֱܹʹá
һݣʮƷͼ֣ŰΧڡ
óһѱ˽һóʱڳ˶ܵһɲһѹ
⣬ɱ
ûпرѹɱıﱾͳԽļޣǾͷ·ĻŲѷɫǿѹ
ȻĽмɶʵļ̰˼У˶ӵɱϵȻ
ؾŹرʮһңŸ֣ӵɱ̫ƽˡ

ɷ˵ֳɱƾһͨĽ
ȻͨһҲ˼ɱļӳ֣Ժɨͨˡ
Ʒͼײƿ˵һƷͼͣسƱ塣
ʮƷͼ֮µȴʮֵ򶨡
ƿ߲Ʒͼ֮󣬳ٶҲҽҲֳ
һĻڳҿʮһŪҲûС˵ˣĿ֮£ôܳǧ
ƿڶʮƷͼ֮ľɢ
ҿУ۾֮͸еĹâʣͨ鱦ķЧѾֱ۵ڴǰһԼ۱ȼߵıͨ鱦ļȴӵзɱһЧ
ͨͨ鱦ǲܹƾסɱһǿ󹥻һֻзɱܷסɱ
±Ȳɱ˴˱պɱǿУܹŴ˱õķʱ͵һڳеӵ޾Ԫ˭Զͨ鱦͸⡣

սЦˣҵˣʣ¾Ǹλʱˡ˵ת̨
ʱ򣬴ҵעͱͨ鱦ս׸ˡ
һҪõ˱
˱Կ汦һҪ¡
ܶǮҲ
ɱ̫֮ңԶˣͨ鱦ȴǰǰһҪ
찡찡֪ϷͲǰıˣϧ̫ϧˡ
˾̾ʹϧƣ˿ģ˷ȵȣ˷Ӧһ
ͨ鱦ܼףԴʦ֣֮ӵпɱķԲɴϵʧӵкܸߵղؼֵ˱۸֮ǰıһʼƲΪרҵʦһӾͰڳ˵θڶ
٣
һǧҲ׼ɱأһɱЧͨ鱦׼ɱҲΪ

׼ɱϡбɱҪϡ
Ϊʶؿɱͨ޶ȵر֤ﲻС
ԣɱĹߣ۸Ҳߡ
һ·񣬶ԼռϣȻ󻨷һĴʦæơӵõɱɱߣֱƷҪ˵öࡣַֻҲзգΪɱƣгɹʧܡɹȻԴϲʧ˾ͲˣƵĻǲ˻ˣϾ˼ʦҲ㲻ñ˰æһɣҪǣռĲϱˡȵռһʱ͹򣬶ҳɱҲС㱳ζûгɹǻƷˡ
⣬һԵõɱǾսһ
սɾеˣûһʵĻܻܲսʱ򶼺˵
׼ɱļֵߣǳ׷
һӾͽȻ׶Ρ
һǧ١
һǧ٣գۼʹﵽ֮ǰ罣ˡ
ǧ
ǧ٣
ǧİ٣
ǧ٣
ǮˣӼ۵ƵʲŽ
һͨ鱦ǧ񾧵ĸ߼ϣѾǼΪѵˡǧͨ񾧰

ͩר֮У˽߱ЦСӵǺƣЩһ벻ѪС
⻹öʦͩվӭ飬ͩǼˣպк󱨡
Ҳûٶ˵ʲôͩĽ΢ʱȻЩҶǸæģǱ˴˵Ľڣͩڿǹ½ʦǳպлͩæɱǸʱҲͩ
˻˱˴һӵ
ҷ˺͵һ̡ܹͩ
硣Ů
òöˣĳҲǳʶһ㣬һ㡣ڻش
ʦ;̶ʱ֮ھͳ嵽۷ľ硣̾ͩһμʱǱͩ󾳽簡ͩͳΪˣڰ׶תơ
룬ûдھͻƳԼƻÿ˵зʽһͩķ;ĻȣһһӡǰΪ˵Ľ죬ıԼƻ

Сѹ󰡣ǱһϵɱΪҪСܵؾʱҾŸҹӵķ׷ɱСؾ֮Щһֱ躹ޡףٹʮֱ꣬ӳֱͣɳ֮۲εĴɱˡֱͩ˵̹׵
˵ͷɱֵѹᣬֻıȫû̬ͩԣĶķ֮ڡ
ͩһϵɱĸ߼ͣ൱ֱǿѹ
һ룬Ϊ˶Ըֱͩɳ˾Ÿ½ӵİҹɱ֣Ǻεȷ顣
ҹģҵҲһСӶѣȲͩĿֲͩĹҲûеǽѱ岻Ϊ˶ɱ̬֮ͩ۲εĴԸͩ
ƮѪͩҪҲǱƵòò磬Щȫ伣µƮѪҲ۴Ըѹòѡͻưɣ
֮νأҲԵģͩƮѪı̬Ҫǻۼʮֲ̫꣬ˣǿЦģҲұ֤Ż᲻һɳ죬۴ӺֽǶȥ˼ҪȡҪֶΣϧΥأֱǿɱ


382  ͻ
ǧ߰ٿ񾧵һΣǧ߰ٿ񾧵ڶΣûи߼۵ģûУͨ鱦ҪڵھźŰĿˡƵһӣ䴸˵ɽϲھźŰĹ͡
һͨ鱦ǧ߰ٿ񾧵ļ۸ɽˣ۸Ѿϼ߼ˡ
ƻ˻̨֣йԱһӵһûòš˶ܹ˵жк̰
ϹųΪ֮ϣѪƵĸǣҪȫõѪģܹ֮еõȫĹϹ˫ɽ硣Բ¶˵ڿԴֳϼλү֤һ¡Ϊƣ˵
ơӰĴ˳̨
ҲմšҲˡ
Ա֪ʻмġۺҲˡ
⻹λҲ顣
ΪҲһҪĶǼٻȻܣϾевԼע

λһһĿʶ̽
֮ϣйڹһЩܣмھ
⹦ȷʵϹɣйھִ졣λϸƷһ֮еĹھ֮ͬظ̾
ֻǣϧϵĹѪƸڸˣֻ̽򣬲ҷѪģ˹κʽ⴫ܹõȫ
Ҫǲ֣ϹʱڵĹ϶Ҫ󣬼ʹִҪ´ص֮еõĹҲҪ룬ȻĵһƵĹ׵ܹ⴫
УҲûƣļŹʱĹ׵ģ㴫һ˾͵ôһ룬ɶٹ׵㡣
ͺñͩ硶Ǵ룬ҽӦĹ׵㡣
ڵ˭ִй涼ϸؼ¼ڵ£һ֪
ϲǵϵĳ˴йǱȻᱻܵ飬ץסй¶ߣҲǱץһҲпܵġ
Ϲʱڣ߳ĹͬҪܵԴԼعϣƵĽƣҾĹһԵġҲ˵㷢ԣõ֮ͻ顣

ȻѾ֤˴٣ôڿʼϹ׼һǧ񾧣ڵȵλ˻˰֮󣬲ɤӺ
˻ֳһЩһ׼ۿͨ鱦ʮͨ鱦Ҳ۾򵽣⻹ֻǵ׼۶ѡ
Ȼ󲿷ּʶ֮ûбʾ⹦ǹ󣬿ֵϹ򵱹ŶҲֵˣ˵Ϲ񹦣Ź˵һЩڵ
һ㣬ŹһҲﳬֵ
ǧ
ǧ
ǧ
Ǯ˲ͳһ׼ɱϹˡ
Ⲣ֣ΪЩУΪĽ׷
׷ûֹģ˵һϣǽһͨҪһҪҪʣҪۣϣѼԪǼԪ֮ҲͬϣԼܹٽһ
۸ڴﵽǧ֮󣬾۲ŻʮһٵٶȻš

һļ۾ǵǧ
Ǯ˻治١ͩɵø̾ȻͩҲܷ񣬵˿ռ佻ƽ̨ĸ֮⣬ͩ㲻϶ôС
ֻͩݣٲƸֿɵã
о֤ݣǿͩǰƵĴ鱦ͳôһеȹģУ׬ȡ˲񾧡
ֻչʮֱ꣬ϵ˾ͩһ檣ĴǼҽ͡޵ؽڣҲѾԽ˲塣
λ֮еĶΡ
رһе޵ؽ
˭ǧϣ۴ʵ񾧡ڽ͵
ţʦԼǣǵھźŰλݲһɡͩ΢Цʵ
ǺǣӶ޷ֻĻ᳤ɱҵĶͷ˾˵أЦ
ɱţźɷͩ̾
ǣⶥͷ˾Ҳ߳ƵҲ൱֪ĸֻ֣һʱų̾
ͩˣ׵ص˵ͷ

֮Уɱسĸ־Բ٣ЩָݺһʱľӢ֮һࡣ
һ򣡡ɱǿƵذѼǮһĸ߼ϡ
֪ͩھźŰɱ֮룬ɱӦòȱͨ鱦ǰɣ
漴һ룬ɱûм谮ĺ󱲵ӣЩͨ鱦Ϊ׼ģ
ţܣ
ͩǳףһôڵʱƷչ׳һεӴĵزôļ壬߲ͩʦҲȫ󡣸οɱսĸˡ
һǧ
һǧ
ȻиӲƴֵĴڣͩҲһ£а̾Щûһʡ͵ĵƣ˭֪Щһﵽжң˶ٲΪ֪ĵƣ
ͩȵˣ뾺ҲΪȣҲǾþˣƵμ˲°ٴǧΡû˱ֳѣʵϣеȡеĴᣬƷһ񾧵ۡ

򣡡ɱǷֺõسۡ
۸һͨɱǿˡ
仰˵ϹļֵҲܹͨɱȼ磬ԽֵԽߡ
ص֮УĳһĴУҲֵһϵɱ
ϸɱͨɱֶǺٺٳееġûнֹҲûпƵôϸ
֮ˣΪ֮еԶšϹšйšŵżúܣֻΣճ̶Ȳͬÿ궼֪жؾ֮Ѱ
żǷҲڶؾ
ŪĹĵرȵȣԲϡ٣ҲԲ١
ֻؾ֮гѾϹ֮ˡ
νԶţָľ֮ͳεʱڣʱɷУɱĻƽǸǿ߱ǧÿһԪռģڴ֮ļԪ֪֮ж١
Ϲʱڣָ֮䣬ϲ֮󣬵õ˴봫ѸһʱڣʱҲϼ̳ԶŵĻԻ͡

һʱڣÿԪܹӿǧԪ֮֮Ȼټ
йʱڣΪϹŸһսֳ֮˶ϲ㣬õϹ봫еĸ
һʱڣԶԶȲԶźϹʱڵķˡȻǿÿһԪԪ֮֡ʱʼɼҷѾ˳ʷ̨ˡ
йĩڣΪսţʱĴг˺ܴĶϲ㡣
ʱڣйĴ봫֮·չģõ˷ɷ֮ΪΪɷߣ߼ࡣԭɷ߾٣ټⲿĹ֮ٺ˥ٵľռһ룬гɾͼټ٣Ա֮Ϊ
ӽſʼѾ޶ȵذ֮Ӱ죬ʼµչ
ʱڽ֮ƺһʱûгֹѼԪĿƼˣһʱӿֳ˲ٳƼ壬ЩĿƼʮǿܹƼ۵ǿսߡ

ֻǲ޴¿ƼǿҲվ֮ЩڼԪʱšȻҲһЩƼ˵ؿƼһεļԪ֮١ǣղóã֮ЩƼǻһҲʣˡ
һʱڱ֮ΪƼʢʱڣڽִ֮һʱڣһʱҲ֪˶áֱĳ֣һǵڿƼʢʱڣֻһڰչһʼ޵ĵ·չ۷ʱڣһԪ֮ĳ֣ưĻ
ͬʱҲΪָķչ·Ҫ׵سѼԪֻǿ󵽳֮󣬲ܱӻԼ塣
ƼˮƽǿǻƼٷҲֻԪǱַʽϾǰ޷á
ǿǸ˲;
ִĻҲ˵ʱڣŽʼʮԪѡ
ǰļԶšϹšйšŵĸʱԼ⼸ʱмļʱڣÿһǧԪΪλ

𣬽ãҵĽ׶θ˻ͳʱҲΪڰʱڣ嶼ū֮£ǳг֣Ҳ󳬼֡
ԹϹļֵʷϵֵܹ֤̾ˡ
ǧɱ۾գһµس۵

Ϸλ˴ֱʣѱҲϷ֪λϡĳһλ̾
ֺƽ𺣺λ˲֪ټϼһȴǼλ浮֮֮еǰ֮һһʱڣ໹ʱڣһԪ֪ķʽ֮Уָ෢չһʱڵǳ٣ǵʱǿߡ
һʱڵΪķչ˺ͣһʱڴߵľ磬˵۵巽ԼһЩλһʱӿֳġ
𺣺ڵʱΪս֮λ֮󣬽ʱⳤ֮и˹
Ǹ֮ǱľûԵٽ𺣺һֱڻⲻҪҪλ𺣺ıּߣ㡣˵Ͷ۵Ҳͬսѵݣ䣬Ҳʾ磡


383  һ
ԭ𺣺ǰɱɱôλǰҲøӡ
ԭɱϷòԩϲɱô𺣺ǼΪعϲûķӦ
ʵ𺣺ЩռĽšйšϹŵԶŵĽв٣ΪȻһ㼶ϹֻǾˡ
ǧһΣǧڶΣɽϲɱɹĵϹųƴ
ᵽ˾ͽˣӭ´ιСƳһ
ϲ㣬ʦܣһٵ÷ǳɹһĳǧ񾧵ĸ߼ۣѸȫҲòô˵
ʦ˵Цˡͩ
һγɹؾٰһεᣬûֹܹеˡûоڴˣǻһ
ǾҪʦּˡͩͷش
ͩ˼ȥ
ͩصԼİ칫ȵҵܡ

һϲű˽˵ǹİﵽǧ񾧣۳˵ǵﵽһǧ񾧡ڴͬʱ˺ͰҵϾٰĴҲѾߵͳƣǵֻжǧ񾧣֮¡
ܺãòͩصͷӦ
¶ǳˣϾǿǴ֮
ڴͬʱҺͰҿɾǳƲҵ֮ˡ
ǰ̫ܵˣϾٰĴҲˣû벻еϹܵһҲûС
һܿɾٴȥԺֹӴԺ޵ؽе֮Уеᳬ˺Ͱҵ޵һĸλ
ֱ۵ʧԺɢʿеı´඼͵ȥ֮оͻи׳󣬶ǵͻΪ
鶼ˣҲֻűˡ
ҰܸңְܸңϾǰˣǰɳ̲ϡ

ϵܣܸķڷ˰ɣǰˣȥͩͽȥ㼫Ϊ˵
ϸ磬ʮ͵İôڿһˣⲻط
ϵҲûңϸҶˣʲôǹɣûһõĻԻͣҲǵİûʲô˵ġҪ˵ʱʲô취ܹڵһУǾֻж÷ǳֶˣֻϵܣ͵ûһطʵ
òѪȭͷɣգ̾ðɣϼһӮˣ˵öԣٺƴȥǵʧֻԽԽ󡣡ѾѹƲסˣɴͽˡ
ڶ죬ͰͨһЩϵͩ˺ͽϢ
ͩ˼СʱҺͰҵĳ⣬Լһ𣬼˸棬˺ͽԼһЩغ
Ǿ仰ûĵˣֻ档ͩǲǳУֻҵϵľ֡
ͩЩǳ𣬵Сҵϵľ㲻ʲô

ɺͽ֮ԭ֮ҵϵĻսʹѹǸһ䣬ָֻǰƽԭĶѹת䵽ϡ
磬ڹ֮£ҵĲҵһţһεĸٷչڡ
ͩҲԼ̼ܲҽԼ½ѡĹ¶
ʱƣٸ͹ȥˡ
ͩı֮УڳƵһɱ
ȷʵͩһɱֻǳɹڷͲ֪ˣɱƾͻͩٸʱ䣬ơ׼ϡ״̬һֱʽ¯ơ
ɱԲеô򵥣Ϊһˡ
Ȼ磬Ʊ鱦ġ
Ϊ鱦ʵͩһ̶֣ģ³һ˶ٵϢ
ƵɱͲôˣΪȫһﲻæڳҲ١
ԣֻʵʵļƣûаȡɵĵط

򵥵ɱĪɱͩҲ⣬ҲǴ򵥵ĹɱʼƣѡƵһɽ
˵ǷɽʵϣһɱĽ
ϵͩ˵ѣΪͩеɱ¯æѵҪڽϴԼҪݻơ
ʮ֣еİÿһƶܹݻǧֲͬƣÿһϵɷݻʮǧֱ仯޾
ʦҪɱƣƿݻ
ܹƿɷһֽƵ޾ݻƣԶ֮ϵʦ
ͬʱԶʦҲͨ̽ͲݻĹɣӶʹ粻ϵ
ʦգҲһзʽ
˵һʦүʥϴڡ
ͩͳѧˡȻҰ·ӵʦҪøࡣⲢڵͩǿ֮еʦ
ʵϣڵ̫ͩһЩŸո̤ʦĴŶѣΪͩƸ鱦ͷǳ˲ˡ

Զ֮Ʒ˺ȥˣᣬּվͺ˳Էˮһƽ鱦ǽѧͽʦ㲻ϡѧͽҲ٣ż൱ڷյĸСѧѧ֪ʶٲäֻжͨɱſʼʦʦ൱ڷ֮еĲʿƾ
ʦ֮УַּͲһһ˵ˡ
֮ڵֻͩѧͽڳʦķŬ
ʹˣִ֮ͩУҲǼ߹Ĵڡ
ɴ˿Կĵжôˡ
ԶŵִĸʱڣĸʱڣǧƵļԪبʱ䳤ӣΰΰĿƼ
ʹִᣬҲǵؼʹʧ
÷ķͼӼ˵ɣżǷǳһż鱦ɱϣЧǳԡ
ͨͨ鱦ּ֮󣬾ͿԴﵽ׼ɱˮ׼
żȴŷʧ
廹ڣżϵоΪһǿҲһϻǳȽ

ͩҲֻͨµ޻ս׷еļŵõеĲȱȻͨеļżֲ
ЩоͩҲɹؽżΪãΪԼҵĶż֮һ
ʵ˵֮УҲƵļ֮ΪתҲһֵ͵
ֻǺͷļһЩһ
ͩľתͨɱƳɹ֮ʱٴɹ֮ͳ֮ΪһתɱȻתΪһ߿ԴﵽžŰʮһ
һʮǿ̬òһͨɱתеɱ
˵ͩƵͨɱĽܹͩľתƣôɱͻԾΪеɱ
תһڲӣﵽʱ䣬ΪĴ漼ŷͼӼһңڵﵽɱЧԽֻһαԽס
ԣܵ˵ǡ֮еľתӸ߼
ҲˣתҪ󼫸ߣͨʦҲﲻʹı׼ʹҪǱѰƿԼۣҪǿҲ̫͡ȻҪĶϤ֮ܽ󣬲ܹƿż

˵ˣżΪҪ̫ߣͩʹòˡǷķͼҪʹҪ͵͵ö࣬ͩھˣʹá
ңͩƾ衶ۺ⣬Էͼиͬʱָֻͩڡճ̶ȡ˵֮֮УϴУһٿȫ飬ĴУû֮һ
ΪԶ֮֮Уֻʥʥԣһġΰ¼
һ룬һͥǧ棬ٻķɨ˻ϣ
񲻽Է񣬱֤鲻л˸ϵͳӦã˵ϵͳԱ֮ǿܹԹϵͳͷƣһΪ׼
νǷƶĸԹ
ҷЧǰά츣Դռ湦££ˡ

νилرǹƽģΪףõĳϣͻ㽱ǹ¡
Ĺ»۵Խ࣬˾Խǿ
һ£һͿ߲ϵػ۹ˣѹˣֻԽԽǿ׾ͿԽ˳ѼԪ
ҪǣֻƳ۹Ҳã£ҲգҪԼ档
˰æˣǺεȴͨ
ֻǡһðˡ
崫֮УǿĴвķ⡶
֮˥䣬ǰżʧɱȴȻǸǿսԣֻҪͩˡǵ֮һˣ
ֻڵֻͩһѧͽžͻһš
ͩ¯֮УѾ͵ı͵һУãڣ
һƴУɷ塢ߡھŽƽȻʼƽݻﵽҪơ
һɱõ֪ʶ纣ԨϸǷǳܹɡ
ӴƵʱҪĸƣЩɷƣݻô͵ȵȣڱ֮ǰ;ļá
㷨ҲǡĶż֮һ


384  
ݻǷǳ֮ģµʿ϶ģͩڰ񾳽ʱۼյúҲƵóɱ
һٶʮʱЧ˳ƷѾݻȫͩҪЧ
һɱһϾ൱ڽӽβˡ
Ĳ趼Ǻѡ
ǵϣȻ֮ܲ˳еĲˡ
ף٣̶ֳȵ٣Ӧɱоķ֮˲ʦֻҪ鱦ϵıٳ֣迼飬һ㱦ȼԽߣپԽǿ
о˿Դӽƻ۵ıԼѹϷʲôı
ɱˣ֪λʦĽ
ã̫ˣֶһɱ֮еĸпһɱ㲻ʲôǻܳɶడ
ףλƺǱߵģǱôܻʦڣѵλʦͻƿˣϤǳɻ

֮Уһƽ˫ۣɨһ۽Ƴֵĵط֤˳ɹ漴һϲɫаȻûпˡͩĶ츳̶ʱھͽʦˡ츳ܹһĽٶȣǾͺˡ
ͨ鱦вСĵ̣ؾչرղãջ񼫴󣬿ڸ߶ɱ棬ǲϡȱ
ʲôи߶ɱָľϵɱϵı
ͩڵһɫķ𣬽ڡ
ͩͻȻ䣬һӡһȡ
еɱ¯֮зɳһx⣬¯Ͽ˼Ȧͣ˰գһһĳ߳״Կң뽣һ壬͸ż׳󡣴˽Ϊ㣬ϢԱͩ뱦֮С
ײͩС׭һ֡֡
ɱ٣˿Ҳڲͣ䣬ֻЩٶǿƵظ
ȥɣͩ˵ֱֳ⣬׽һۣʱȥ˲̵ʱ䣬׽Լ֮󣬲ñӭ󼸵١

֮£㽣Ӳ֮󼸵٣˳ضɹ١
ͩջ˷㽣ҡͷһ̾һֻһ룬ͩеѷ㽣ûȫͩһ
һֻ׽٣һŵŵ֮͵ڽܹ飬ʽΪµɱ
ɱ֮Уֳַɶɽ벻ɽϵ
ϵ˼⣬ⱦûгܹ١
һ˵ɱٽ٣ֻûĸʦƳñٻٵ
ԣ󷨺͸ʩΪɱ١
ɱȥٵĴݲУƳɱܹɱϡϡǱ϶̫ࡣ
ɹٵɱַΪȫɽٺͰɽ١˼飬ȫɽپƾ֮֮£ͷֵβɽپͩܵٷȫ
ǱϣҪ߸ߵöࡣ
һɱѣʲôǱԣ
νǱָľɱպķչ컯еĸǱɱԺпܻΪĳЩԵֻӵл¯Ŀԡ

֣ʮľţûоԡɱȻһΪԲֻһ裬Ƶ
ⲻɱûĿռˡ
һ㣬ǾûжɹٵɱԼɽɱǱޣĿܡ
ͩƵɱȻûпǹٵ⣬ЩⶼԤƷ档
ԣͩɱ֮ǰʶɱɽ١
ͨʦƵɱ֮ʮһû˸ұ֤һܹɹ١
ͩλˡˣͬһɱʱܹɱɽٵļʣǰ׼ɱ֤˳ɵļʶɹ١
ûʲôô棬˵˳ɵļѾͩڵˮƽͣȵպ֮˵ʿԴųϡ
֮Բô˵˾һϣ
ͩɱʦձʱһǾһɱ֮Уȵ˻ʽ֮һͻἤӡͷų߶ɱķƣɽʱȻҪƵöࡣ

ͩżʦȫǱʵԭܼ򵥣ɱڼڲ֮ʱҪǿöࡣ
ֻҪܹڶɽʱڲɽٵİȻࡣ˵ˡ
ֻɱ鱦ȥ󷨵ֶαذɱ֣Բֹɱزɽ١
Ӧ֮£پͻת٣񣬻һϵӦ
вҰ·ӵʦаҪԲɱɽ٣Ӧεǿ٣ֱĨɱЩʦ
ⷽʦ٣ܼǿߡ
ȻҲû˳ɹֳֻɹȫ۳ʧǳɹضɹɱ٣ѵĴ۾ͱʮɱҪ޴󣬲ʦɹͦ٣֮ȴҵҲܵش
ö֮ͲʦôȥֱӲɽ١
воⷽıʦƵֻۣôʱȥˣûһλɹ
ؾͳ˲ɽɱ
ЩɽɱȻҪڶɽɱһЩҲǲ̫ࡣ

һϱ֤ɱĳɹʣٳɶ࣬ӴȺȻѡʽ֤ɱˡ
˵ʮ͸ֻʵϣϲõܹһ㣬ΪǿĽ
Ϊų㷨ܱ֤֮ʱܹݲӡһɱ֮С
ʦӵнֳ㷨ԣǵԶֻͣϣ޷ʵ
ͩڴ֮ǰǣӵǿķʩ
˵٣ǿֲĻ̽Ҳܹ
Ȼ㽣ƵòҲͩ˷һܹƳɱʹͩʽ̤żˡ
ٽɡ
Ϣ׼ȷ˺֪ܿͩϾͩǳˡ
ռ֮УϢĴݼ졣
ͩϵķ㽣ûȣͽӵ˲ͨѶ
еǹϲͩе׽ģе·ύģеǲ̽ǷϸеҪίȵȣӦоС
ȻͩڵˣϵĴڡ
ʣСҲͩˣ˵ЩսϵĶţԼͩһļλѡ
ҲصظͩһƵͨѶϲһ

ͩӦ·֮Цˡ
ͩûֱӾܾʶ˲ǿߣ١Щǿߣûˡǲȱһͨɱ
Щǿ߶ǱͬһĿģǾǰͩ˵Ժͩʦ֮ǾͿίɱˡͨɱǿϣеɱϵɱͲһˡ
ͽǰĸͶʡ
Ƴɱ֮֮ͩǰȫһλϵĲ֤
ֱ۵ı־ǣǱߵͰյϢ֮󣬵һʱԵҵŰݷãһݺ񣬲ҾͼҲҵıϸ˼ò
Ϊʲôأ
ʵܼ򵥣ͺñ鱦ɱ֮Ĳࡣ
ʦʦֻ֮һ֣ߵĲȫ޷
ҪһµĻʦĴԱʦֻǰ񡣶ʦĵλ൱Ҫǿһ㡣ôʦľͿԱˡ
ںΪǰ֮£ǼΪĻǸǹϼӹ

˶磬޵ҵչǳ˳Ϳ٣𼸸ǰҵĲҵ漣
ʵϲ㽨ûͩĵλԽߣҵĲҵȻԽ
ͩǱæתͬʱͩҲܵʲôпȵ顣
ͩϢ˰ңչһ֮ʮºͩڽ˱պϢ
ͩһʱϽ˷㽣Ȼһ뵽Ǳߡ
ճȥȻܵһˣʵϣƽʱ£ֻ֮УҪǲʵġ
ʮλһǧڴ£⻹һЩ˹ͨǴפء
⻹һפΪرš
ļֻŵפΪһָЩսΪսľǡ
פ⣬Ļʵϣȫĵطϲܹ
ͩĵλͬˣΪΪ߹ʦҲȻӡ
ӵͩڿ֮ͩ󣬲ɵһ¡
ҵλ۴¡

裬ʲô·ǵټôˣĳλʵ
٣һôᣬǶǰһλڵ
ҼǵãʮǰɣŮȻټŮ
õôʦڵ𣿡

λһҹ£Ҳһˣ˴˷ǳϤҲҿ˵൱⡣
ˣҪЦˣ޺һ룬Ҳ֪òưɡһҲ˵
޺Ǹ½ı̬ͩ
٣֪кҪرյĺ󱲡
ʦСӻǱ̬ٶȲƮѪ츳Ҳôֱ̬һĳλ޼ɶʵ̾
ڴҿ֮󣬶һĬ
٣СܵǿɰȻ롣֮ΨһһŮЦ
ɰҿǿࡣ
иԣȻƵɱʱҪκηʩ޺ѵٵĿ£ܰҲףɱʮһСôɣûȤ𣿡
ã»⣬ҪǴӦ룬պƳɱ̫֮ĻҲۣʱ׷ΣҲᱻǣȥȻ̫ؿһǼٺ»ǿɲͰ׸𣿡


385  
ǶҲǾþսֻˣһݲǡǵٺ»Ȼˣ˵ÿжٴβ񱮵Ļᣬ̶ֱۡ
оǷһЩȺ׵㣬ʹݺսȱͨɱϵɱϵȴǲܲġ
ϵɱļֵȫͨɱܹģҪۺܶܶſܴȺ֮жһ
ͩ˵ɣÿһ궼ҪϽȺʮͨɱͩ˵ѡͩȴҪϽһ꣡ʮͨɱ
൱ֲ֣һʦļһɣԻԼҵ
Ҳᣬֻ˵ʮͨɱ
ͩһϵɱϽȺʮͨɱͩҲԲˡ
ͨɱĶһֵͩҲͩȴ֪鱦Ķһֵ
ͨ鱦ĶһǳˣҲǼʮң߲ᳬһٵ㡣
е鱦ϣϷʮٱ
ϵ鱦Ҫе鱦ĻϷʮٱ
ͨ鱦ϵ鱦ĻϷʮٱ׼ɱҪ
ͨɱļֵ֪ˡ

ϱɣǿɲ⡣ĳλֻ򵥵ķʽˡ
ͬ⣬޺⣬ҲʸϱһλͶ޳Ʊ
⡣
УҲ޳ɡ
е޳ɣеĲһԣȨûһ˷ԡ
ЦЦ˵ȻҶôΪǱϱˡʵôˣֻΪٿεۻ飬Ѹ˾˼
ܿģͱͽ档
ûйã뾹Ȼ͵˶۵ǰ˼ö
٣СһﻹͦиԵġ׼ˣ۶ͩӡҲǳá
һ½Ҫɵʮͨɱƻʮ׼Ƕǲɵġ׶Ƕ趨⡣
ڿ룬ʵ˵ۻ൱ȵģΪɱ٣ʮһɱԼȥɽ٣Ȼɹ֮ɱҪܹ࣬ɹɱȴΪϡ١ʮ֮Уһɹˡټ֮Упܳɹ
վڶ۵ĽǶȣͨɱĳɹʧܣʵͩҪôɣʮпɡ

ãһͩƸɱ۸ľ飬졣һҲΪͩߡоΪͩһЩͻͽʱڿ𣬲ĲǷĸҲǾĸߵͣȱһʱĳֳһʿɳ߾زٵһֵ̡
ٸӣ˵˥Ԫ֮˥ụֵ̂ɣ
Ҫλ·ˣȱֵҲǱɹġ
ʵϣÿһ½ţϲ㶼ὫѹǱչʱõĺô
˵ƮѪҲûг֡л޼ɵȼλţͩһͻƣҲͬûгڹϣһʧ٣֮ͩǵϢȴʲôҲûдͩ²⣬ܿǱ͵С֮ȥˡ
ⲻϡ棬ΪͩҲȥ˼ǧꡣ
ǸʱͩŰѡ
۽ԣ׼ͩ룬ܿ´˻ظ
ͩõϢ֮ЦЦչһĵá
ٸ֮ͩȣȻΪ;ûԵĽ֮ȴǵõ

벻רȻܹǿҲܹͬõرǿͩһ̾ɵϲޱȣĺ°ԽǿԽǿԽǿܹɵļҲԽ
˵ˣ˵ͩɹ˥ļʵõ˺ܴ
˥ɵʿĿƿܹɹ˥ʹɵʿܹѼԪˡҪɴ˥٣ҲȫȻ֮Դ˹·֣ҲԴ걾Դ֡
Ҫ㹻ˣ׬ȡ㹻Ĺ£Ȿһ൱ѵ飬ҪĻҲ
ǣҪΪ粻£ʿ걾Դ֮˿߽֮⣬޼
ͩھȻ֣ԭ֮԰걾Դ֮һļټ٣Ҳܻٳɶࡣ
һκܿͩһƳɱ걾Դ֮ȻɣţԲŻзǳԵڴ֮Ч¾Ͳһôˡ

ôͩϲޱȣȲңʼƵڶҪƵɱ
㷨ܹĸؼȻǰǶ㷨ˣ㷨˶١յȻԽϸҲԽƵʱɹҲߣٲʧ档
еʱһλʦ鱦ɱʱʧƵƵһʦˮƽ⣬ϳ˴⡣
ͺһʽսһ㣬һ⣬ҲɲҲܻ׹ء
ս챾Ǹ߾ܵḶ́һһ΢ҲᵼսֿϨ֮¹ʡ
ͬɱϸһϳ⣬֮ʱѶȻƾʮȻʧʴ
ԣһõʦҪڶֵˮƽ¹ҲӵкܸߵС
ҪǣɱֻڸսҲͬдսɱֻּɱѿ֮ҪһʦͷʮʦϰʦһƣȻҪóǧʦһ϶ɡ

ÿһƷĴսҲǶɱģɱǼΪġ
֤ˣƵҪԡ
ȻԪִִ֮͵սɱѾˣƷͬҲʧˡֽʱû˵սɱˡ
֮ǿĴսǻеƼĲսʱսֵû൱ƵģϾսٿ߲Ҫ̫ǿΪܹӸǿɱʹΧɱ
ֻеƼܵڷֻͬСӣһȺͨǿսеǶֵġ
֮ɱǿĿƼᾧϲ̫󣬸̫ԶЩɱ֮󶼲ȱȫ㷨棬ʧøأ´һЩҲֻĻɫ
ԣֽ֮ɱı³ġǰƵɱɺ˲㷨Ѿ֮㷨Ϊͬˡ
ܵ˵ȻһУֻ֮ʱ仯Ҳӱ

ͩнĴУͨɱϣ൱˳̶͵óµɱͼ
ͩһͼóȥҪǸĽһ£еַΪִַĻ͹ͼֵͲһͨɱ
֮ʦǣ׷Ľʹ걾Դǿõǿܹ˳صֵɡ
һһȫ֮ʿƵƣһְ졣
ִʦͬһӢҲ·ӣֻҲһʦʼڷֹרҵ
ʵϣҲΪʦǸиó֮רҵϣȻǵӦ֣רҵ֮ˮƽֻԶ
Ҳˣʦ㼶Ҳͬơ
ģ鱦ɱʦҲڴӴͳʦ֮з롣
ִһʦרΪ鱦ֻͨƣڶҪԶѷˮƽ
ֹҲִһִºͷչơ
ֻƲ̫ãΪƷչһĳ̶֮󣬾ͻʧȥԣʵ۷塣

ֹ̣ȻƷЧʣװӡ
ԲϵĸֵԣȻûֹƵķչҲӴͳʦ
ͩƳ֮ϸ飬˼޸֮Ȼϡ
ûãһ԰Ѳ͵ͩſڡ
޺³ĺܷͶˣաŵޱȿ˵
ײͬǿ֣֮ܵ˵ֳɳн߽Լ۷ֱӦ񼶱սʮ㡢ʮ㡢ʮ߲ʮ˲㡣ʮ˲㵽ڶʮ㶼ͳΪ۷
ĵλȻĵײ㣬Ȼ޷ͩ۷Ტۡ
֮ͬ䣬׿粻̸ͩݵλԶ
ͬ൱޴󡣷ĵ۹֮񣬱˵ͻòôֻһ鱦ȭף˱ײˮǿߣһɱһͨɱһףҲ鱦Ҫǿöࡣ
ͬ߶Աһ£Ͳһεġ

ƶ̫ˣ⻹ͨ͸˵ˣ󲿷ֻͨڷԵø߹󲻿ʵǡõ˵ǵͨҲǸϵǿߴ򹤵ˡ
ͩųֶԳĺ˵лĺͩӹװϵĿռָϸɨһ飬ͷ˵ܺãĿˡ
ͩ˵ͷǩ˵ͷĺһˡ
޺˵ЦˣܹΪ޺Чͣµҡĺ̬ŵرͣʵϣһĺͩĶεȣ޺һʦ
ݸǹ󲻿ԣǵλͿԱĴڡɲóĺӣܹͩʦպҪɱҲҲ·ˡ
˵ʵڵģĺ֮Уʦ͹ϣĺټ޺ƽ׽ˣѵʦ
һμӿ˲ٺøУ󣬳ĺм֮ܳУᡢб¡Ƣֺõʦָʮ޺ֱԭΪǷݷǳԼɹؽʦ


386  
ͩǷȷʵСΧĺ䶯رסǵʦǶԴ۷׷ס
еĺ棬еĲмеľȣеЦеĵſͩЦɷϣͩȷʵֳһ
ĲϸƷҲ׼ƷĵرϾͼֵǧ񾧡
ɱƹѣͨʦû֧֣ҪԼ¯ƣǲϾռһʱ䣬һֻ׼һݣΪʧʵġ
Ҳ˵ĵطΪÿͩŵĲһģȴûд꣬ôĲ־ֻʦԼˡ
ȻҲһλʦʧʣǸıȽϺ
Կ϶ǣλʦʵѧֻԼҵˡ
ûа취ʦ֮ʱ輫Ŵͼߵĵλʦڳɳ֮ﲻҪˮ׼ȻֻпԼ׬ļҵˡ
жߵĵλжΡ
ͩڶƵɱȻǹɱ
ɱͩƲˣʧеߣͩɲ˷Ѳϡ

һĲϿͬɱͩķݶһɱĲϣͻĲϡʧܶٴβƳɱֻ֮ɱˡ
ڶɱһսʽ͹ƵƣͩΪƵƷƫڻ֮򣬴˵ӵԼǿƻĹ
һ㹥ɱһЩĸͨԹɱԵñˡ
ɱһˣӿ鼼һЩƼƳԵֵɱķ౦
ʮͩϿգһνƻۡ
ףɱٽˣҲ֪λʦƳһɱˡĳһĽ̾
ƺǱߣ޺ɣ
ףء
˵λ޺룬ҪٷʩˣҪһεɱ֮£֪ʲôΡ
ʲôΣԼ£޺ô˵Ҳ½ʦҪͽɱ٣ֻҪԸ⣬ʲôծܻ

ʢ⡣ʵ֮ֻͩ˶ѡԣͩȻԵԴ󣬵ɷϣҶͩĹ۸в
ڴ֮ʱѾ۳ɹһ¡
ͩı֮зɳһ׹⣬ؿ׹֮еһֱ
ֱֻһ⴦һײһ׾͹ȥˡ
һĻòɵ̾ҲУɱҲδ̫ǿһɣ
޺ӣΣɱܶ༤ĵɹٿ²ѡվԺԶ̾
ЩǲǷĸָп
ʦһ
⣬ѵоɱɽټˣôܣ̾λڵʦҲʮˣѾָǿ¯ҲԼ˽ӵеĸؾ֮С
֮ӵʦӵ£Ҳôٽ٣ΪЩ֮ʱѡܿڶĵءסԼҵ֮ɱ٣Ҳܴݾͻᣬܵ˵֮ɹҲһЩԣǼټٽ١

ͩҲٽ٣̫̫ͷһЩʲô£ͩҲûа취ûҲû˽˸ؾҪǰеɱ¯ֻȥˡ
Ȼ˵ͩҲһԼٵĶ죬Ƕ첻ֻƶͬܶطž޴Ĳ
֮ͩı޷ԼڵĶ죬ֻзԽȥͨ촫ͳȥ
Ҫȶö࣬ͨʥ
Ҳˣ˵ڶ˥ԺˡͩĶ֮У״Һ̬״
ȴ޷ʲôġ
ʱѾ֮࣬һⶼͩƵɱսƵ
һĻ˲ˣǶеĻǲеģҲһЩɱٵ׻˵ɱ٣ʮһ
һĻеҲóǰѵһǳƷ򲻿ôŵӲرһЩ;ͨõĸ֣۾

޺רгĶŶɽټô޺ˮƽһʦҪҲƲԵľƷɱˡ
ʦԷؾۼһһ
Ȼǲĺ֮㡣һЩʦ̾
ˣܱǼãо˶ɽǶ˼ҵ˽ѵǿҪɣһЩؿʦЦ
⻰һ˵Ҳףֶ˼ҽԼ
Ͼ޺ȻˣҪ۵λҶƽȵģƾʲôȥ޺Ҫ˼ҵĶ
һٱʮɢ֮սɱɹضɹ٣ٵϴ֮ЩɱɢֻйɱɢǿϢ
ΪʲôֽһЩɱͬɱ֮ûйɱôǿ󣿳Ƽϵ֮⣬ΪֽɱųɾŶûоϴɱȻȲϹɱǿˡ
ͩΪսȡն죡
ն쵶ɷƶɣ־ٵϴɱᲢۡ
ͩ˱֪ͨɱߡ

ĺһεˣһΪ˴ͩӱ
һͩųĺޱȵ̾ϲ޺ɹƳڶɱ
˵Ϊն죬ϣܹΪһ˰ɡͩм᲻õذն쵶ݸ˳ĺҲ³ĺ̰˴˱
ĺɵľͲӭĻ˵ģ֮ͽȺıҲ٣ɱٲˡ
ͨɱ֮Уն쵶ϢȷʵһɱҪǿöࡣ
Ǻǣ޺֪ܲвٵǿҪõ۰Ͱ͵ȺǱߣһ˱⣬̾ͻᱻĺЦһشϢΪͨΪ۷ǿߴϢʵˡ
Ŷɮ٣ն쵶ֻһѣôĻǱôأͩˣҲǼΪĵģϾҪն쵶ҲǶԼߵһֿ϶
⵹Ǽ򵥣Ϳ˭Ķһ¡ĺʵش
ͬһʱжλһͬһԾͻơ
ͩ˵ͷʾˡ
֪޺ǷҪһϣĺ˵
ֵͩؿһۡ
޺֣⻰ΪʵģҶڵƷأȻҪʱ̹עţһչشˡĺæ͵ɲͩԼ˽

һ֮ҲҪչһʱ䣬һԼ״̬¶ʱڲῪ¯һο¯Ҳ֪ʲôʱ򡣲ĳÿһ궼ҪΪȺʮɱһ²ٵģҲõĵ̫ͩʵش
ǺǣǵǡĺҲһ㣬ͬʱҲмּ˵Ļһ֮ڣܹŪȺ׵㣬Ҳδ޷Ⱥ֮еõһ޺Ƶɱ
ң޺ˮƽԽԽãһ˵ʱԽƷͻԽá
ĺܿն쵶Ƕȥ
ͩ˱ĴţȻȥ֮бչˡ˵ʵ޷¯ˡΪͩоΪҪˡ
ͩɾǰһɵΪ֮ͬˡ
ɲǳ˾ʿӵ޾Ԫ㲻̫ǿ
ǿٶ죬ӵǿԼһЩɵͨͬն
һ硣ǰ˶ݵķΧ֮ڣ˳У޽١
ߣͬ룬Ҫ˽ŵͬȵλλá
磬˵ӵ濹ָ˵̬СС˾ƽƽ̬
̬ǡ⡱

ߣУûһġ⡱У
ɣľ
ľߣһҲֻпɾ磬޷ǰһҪѵö࣬粻Ҫ̫̬ľ
ֻмѼԪĴǲŻľп̵Ҫ
ɵʿȴСС˾ʱҪи죬޻ڵǿľһָУΪеǿľ
һ׻ж·жԶ
⻰˵ɾˡ
ɾ磬ӲҪҪﵽľܿɾ硣
ͩȹɾ֮󣬰˵ͿֱͻƵɾˣϾͩڵķΣѾﵽ׼𣬽ȫ˵Ӧˮɲǣʵϣͩһǧꡣ
ֱͩһƳն쵶ۿնٵһ̣Ȼ֮һĹؼҪչأܲܰ˿ΪͻԿס

桱Уɵ
һ룬һ׶εССǰǶôС
СĿҪԼ÷ŵͬλã̬Գ֮Ϊˣ
Ҳֻпˣһ㡣
ɵУһﵽɾҪԴˡһֻԼϵһֳͷ
ֳͷʵ˥
һɵʿ˥ôƽǿľͻɣһųɾŵʿɿؼһѼԪԻŴ֮١
ɾɵʿ춨ѼԪĻ硣
ûа˫İߣɣ
ûӭѶϵߣɣ
ûжµİߣɣ
ûңѵľߣɣ
û˭ߣɣ
ûдǴۣߣҲɣ
һнˣ;ĵ·һնηյĵ·
ͩȻ׼ľ˵׼ܹġľҲԲʱܹġ


387  
ɾǰ˸֣Ϊϣ롣
ͩΪʵ͹˿Խɾżֻ֡桱͡ˡ
ͩٺиУʵֺ֮£ԼҲС
ͩһ·־ѣҲ˵ģ컯١Ԫ١̽١ֲ֮£ܹͩӵнΪûк֮£û֮־ܰõ
ͩͬľֻһţһȴǻԵ£һԵһʱѡ˱չء
Զ½ͩӦı仯ɵһЦȻǻԵƿƣһ
ͩķЩ궼ԼҵׯԺżһ⡣
һҲذ⽻˼ҽҲӿˣصҺԺ帣̵ӡ
һ죬չܼҴǰԺϵԺݼͩļλѵŰݷãѾǰԺ򡣡ѾʽΪϼʽܼңҲͩİ֮½Щ꣬ĹһĹͲСֻһֻǰԺԺûҪµĻһ̤Ժ

רҵܼҰÿһ壬ԺŮڹšһݣǻһĴڣ֮ڸûʹڣ֮еŮ˽Ƕͩ
ʵϣҲô滮ģԺ֮еŮǴӼڲϵͳģûһڡ
ͩЩӦַ⽨һ֮λá
չܼͩʱ鷿֮п飬̺ŮһԸȷ硣
ŶЩˣͩ˵ͷеĵ飬ֳǰԺȥ
ͬѧжľ׵¡µˡչܼش
˵к𣿡ͩʵ˵ԴһʮһûмˡҲ˵֦ڶٵʱ˺ܴá
ƺǰȥİɣش
ͩˣ˼˽⡣
֮У߸꣬ӢʳȺǷֱǣľסʯƾӢķλͩͬš
ǰ񼶱ĴڣЩȥˣҲĴаӢսϵš

٣֮УȻͩȿһֻҲ벻ȻôͿһʯЦһ̾Ȼͩôһÿɷ
Ҳ֪ΪʲôżҪٻһʱ䣬Ǹãľ׿ϧ̾ͩͻƵ̫һЩеϧ
ͩô룬£ǱϾˣֻ֧ľҡͷ˵
ӢôƾӢʵ
ǲ̫˽ͩҲ²һǽ޿ɽѡͻƵģһ죬ҷԼѾ޿ɽʱҲѡһͻơӢػش
޿ɽ˻ѵǰͩѾﵽսʮŲĳ粻ɣķ֪֮̾УҲֻսʮŲŰŵļˡЩҲͣսʮ㵽ʮĲˮ׼ս񶼺Զ˵Ǹ߲ʵĵʮŲˡ
ˣҲǵǽ֮Уܳʮ֮һ˰Ӣ̤ս˶ǻսſڸ
ôܣʯҡͷ̾ʮ꣬ս֮Σգ˽ҲսʮĲľѣʮǰͩѾսʮ߲ľ磬˵ʵ̫ԶľҲû׷ϣҪ˵ͩʮǰѾﵽսʮŲ߾磬Ǿ̫ˡ

ʵҲûܣƮѪͩ츳ƮѪȡľҡҡͷ
򵥣һˣ̸£дһȫ֪𣿡ӢһθŹͩɲǹֵģҲ֪ͩʮ겻ˣ˴֮Ĳ˻ǸԶˡ
ڴʱͩһ̤˴Цλֵܣĳˣʧʧˡ
޺޺ӣ롣һվޱضͩһʽǡ
ǣǾĲֻͩˣڶԴʾ𾴡ͩһǸ磬׷ľ磬ǲǶԲԼһĴ
ͩҲһĺ壬̹Ȼһ
ĳֻһպλҲеٴ˾һ졣ˣҲܹˣλôˡͩͬػش
ӶЦ֮ǰ;жʱɢһա

˷ֱ£չܼΪͩһ裬Ȼȥ
λ²ĳк£ͩһڲֱ֮ʵ
½ʮ֮ĳ£ʽҼ֮λĳ֮һĳһţϣֵʱҸ硣վӻһϽɫӣ͸ͩ
ͩӹһͷӦǿҪϲˣģʮĳҲԽȥմּ֡ˡ
ԸңĳӭءһҲͩǷֻҪͩԸȥˣϾͩڵݲһ㣬ڵĵλܹ붯λ֣붯ͩʦͺˡ
ˣ̸ˣˣ磡ͩЦ
ҪģֻĵصȴͻȻϵ
ԣˣҵѵþһ˲ʡķЦ
ǿӦͩݵʵν
̸۵оƣ޵۵̨ǰΣľʽʵ
ãӢͷͬ
ãˣ۵̨ͩͷЦν۵̨˵˾Ǳǫֻ̃񼶱۵̨ȻҪߵöࡣ

չܼҵĶһ˵Э֮£̶һӣͲúһʢľ磬൱ߡ
һˣһҲӵһһߺȣĵľǼλЩļţ֮£ЩͩǣӹþԶԶûһ㾫ˡ
ϯ룬Ͷľһۣڵߣľשɡ˵꣬˲ԶӴĽʯ̨ʯ̨þʯɣɱ鱦ҿƷ
Ľ̨ΧоŲ֣ڲӰߵͬʱԵ۷ƴʱನ
۵̨ĲãͲһ˼ܹģʾӴû񾧣롣
룡˵գһ˫ȭӰľ׹ȥ
İȭʮʽʮսϵʵսͿޣѾд緶ˣߵԼ·ӣ˫
׶죡ľ׺أһƣ·һ㣬϶ֲľӵ츳ף֮ʮȥˣ֮ʹɡ

һǿԵһǿޱȣһƻʮ㣬磬ӰΣѲ׽
һû֮һ÷֮
˴÷ǳңս񶼼£ǽ࣬˶ûñҲûлڱ۵̨ԵǴʵֲ֮ս
ȭķ˴޵
ԵĶˣ˫ɵľ磬ֻǷ֮ںˡ
ͩ÷ֻҪܹں򣬴Ӧεм߽еطȭмĲα̤սˡ
ãľҰȭһʽ˫ǰʽľ״һʤֵһˡ
һУ˫İֱӰ˶ֵ־־ֻҪڰߣԻܵСһӰ죬һʵܴ
񣡡ֻľȻһӴӰɣߴٶ๫ӰԶȥľ׼
񣡡ľû㣬һȣһӴӰɾշɣͬߴϣϲһ

üһ涯ˡһϯϵˣüΪ
ȭ֮е˫û֮֮ǿںһ𣬱м
ľͬҲǳصģҲ֪õǺԴֻӰȻ֮ΪһֶͨΣҲʱ֮֮ں
˫
˫
ײѾԶԶ˰ķ룬˵ʵѾɱͨˡ
䡪ǿ磬۵̨ľŵ𣬵ನ
ͩ˲ûܵӰ졣
ͶľһжԹ֮󣬶˶ɱرԷ˳ȥ
˳ʮףľֻ˶ʮס
ʹ죬ʹ죬һԲһʹЦ
İȭֱǿˣ֮壬»Ҫ˼ײֹסˡľһҲûнظ̾
ʲûж֮Ҫ۸ĻҲĥɵǿľȴ֮壬ռֻˣʹˣ˫Ҳһƽ֡

ķҡͷ̾벻Ͷľսֽһһˡ֮ǰķֻȰ˰ѡ
֮УֻһŸѣôѾﵽ˽һѾϳˡ
ͩһǧˣ;ļȥ֮󣬻ǧ˲
ûдŹʮѣǧ˾ֻʣǧˣ̭֮һߣֻ
ٹʮ꣬ǧ˲ֻܿʣһǧ˶п̭֮£ܵӢš
ͩûоֲп̭̣ҲܹܵеĲпΡ
İˣ֮ͩ⣬ĸûоǧĥѣ
ľ׶֮ĽȻֻд裬ͩȻиܵ׺ϢϢͩҲġ
մѪԽܹ࣬׺Ϣ
ۼѪȣͩؾ֮УҲɱ顣ϵʤͬպա


388  ɲ
׺ֻս֮ϲĥһʡ
ʯӢͩˣĿͣϣ˵Ҳж겻ˣߣҲ۵̨дһΣ
룡Цһεض۵̨
ʯҲ۵̨
Ͷľ׻صϯϣ²ƴ˾Щƿɲͨķƣƣȶ°Ҳ
ʯһɶǹͨ鱦ֻдѣҲûó̫õı
Ҳóһͨ鱦İ䵶
ף䵶ֱ桢ƿء˵СӲóý
ĳһֲ䵶컹ʯָ֤һ˵
ʮն
˫ţƽ£֣Ҳڵ˸֮£Ȼʧˡ
ֻУ˿£絶һشӸĽǶն
ʯΧһ˳ǹֻܱתţֵĿ񹥡

νһ̣һաڱϣԶǿƶ̱ģһһ֮£̱ڳĿþͻֳ
ԣѹʯ͹£Ѳ⡣
һԹ۵ļ˿һĻҲΪȡ
ʯȻѹƵģķмŵ˵Ҫ֪ʯ껹֮ϡ
õԡӢεس޵⵶仯֮пת֮ÿһÿһʽֵ쾡£Ѱĵ֮£ʵǷµú͹
˵ϲӦǳйŴеһ֡ͩķЩеҲо֪ⷽʶܲ²ó
ŶȻǳйŴУֵСѹֻʵսľҲԶˡľ̾һƽӽˣʵȻҲеͷ
ֵĵȻǵйŴУȴҲԼ͸ı䣬ҵ·ӣȷʵսԶˡӢɷµصǹˣȻø

ʯľľ׳ƽҲսʮĲľ磬ʵҲľɴ˿ɼľ׵֮츳жǿˡ
õйŴеڻͨЩвҼͷ֮ľͳ˵ʮĲ
ֳľϣʯѹƵĽʯʵ޷ͷſͱѹƵüΪǲࡣ
꣡ʯһĵΧرʧȥɡԣѡǿͻΧȥз
ֻǾǹֳͻΧȥɲǼ䡣
һǡôն¡
áʯʾһȥ޻أκεǰѵֵһУһľУһ֮µҲв١
ֻһȻнȴһ㣬Ǿ
µĵȻһתʯ˳ȥûˡ
ʯǿסΣɫ䣬̾һһʮննҵϣʵһˡ

ãáǫյص
µϤ㣬ܵгԡӢ̾漴һ۵̨
֣ߣӢҪֽһʮնϣܹҵһЩСӢƺ⳵ս
ЦһڵҲգĳҲһ̬һЩ꾿жǿˡ
ãаɡӢûУ̨ԭҪѿҲǿҪרŹĵҵԼʵС
У˫һӣ뷨ںϣһʧ
Ӣ˸оȣ⵶Ѱȴޱȣ󣬹εķž͸
˸֮䣬ΪӰӢΧڣӢòӽֵ
Ӣһڰ㿪ʼݵָѰҰӢ㣬Ȼӵ
ӢûжԴĽؿս
ӢڽϵĳɾͣԶԶڵϵ裬һʱ֮䵹̩ɽʾǿĽͷ

һϸĽǿߣҪǿĹƷҪͬǿķ
ӢԵ˵ʱ򣬺ٻȡص̬ȴܷڷϵ衣
ʮֵʮƷȻʧ˾֣ӢǿˡԽԽƣûзְӢ㣬Ƿȴܹȥ
룬ҡͷ̾ȻΪս񼶵ĸ֣ǿòһ㡣
ʮƷնʩչ꣬ӢȻڲ֮ء
֣УӢȻ֮תΪ
ؿһʽնգ
һն£ƿ˵£ƿ˵ݻ⾳
շ·˺ѣ¶˳
һƿֱ֮ӻɳ۵̨תΪɾû˵
סΣԭأϸղű֮дƺŵֻԼ֮еô򵥣Ӧûи⾳
˭ûдŵĶĬر˰
˺һ
лָ̡ѹų۵̨ϵİӢһ
ö񡣡Ӣ΢΢ܴΪд۵˫кô˭˭Сѡ

صλľ׵˺Ⱦơ
۵̨ϣӢϢ֮󣬰Ŀͩ˵ָ֣̣ͩ
ҲĿתͩһڴ
ͬһ֮Уֻͩһ˽Ĵһ֮дͬΪż񡣶ͩദܳһʱ䣬ÿһܹͩغɲ⡣
ɷϣǶͩʵǺ治ˣرʮĽ죬ͩǿ󵽺̶ֳȡ
Ӣսͩ𣬻˵ȤҲ̫󣬱Ͼ֮ͬµ񣬲༫
ܹԽնǰǾҪҡ
ϵǲɷϵĴڡ
ȻǾӢֵܹнλնɱͽλ񣬵ԲλĶ֡
ǣڵֻͩһ߰ڱ𲻴ֻǶ־꣬ƿغԶͨ
ԣӢսͩķǵ֪֮У˫Թƽġ
Ӣս񼶵İǿߣİĳϣѾͬˡ

ͩһ̨վ˰Ӣ档
ӢͩȻطں£˷ܣ
ͩǵڼν֣ɣҿЩ꾿öǿҺ֮Ĳֱж󡣡ӢеĽܵӢǿս⣬š
ͩЦЦ˵ʮûнˣҲĽؿսǿ󵽺̶ֳȣɣҸһ£ڵʵ
ӢûͩƤռıˣгһһһն¡
ҵһʽնգ
ͩгһͨ鱦սд۵ͩܲ޳ܵɱ۸˰ɣ
ŰӢĵһʽնգͩѾʶˣֻһȸղƵ⾳һҪǿϼ֡
ӢĽؿսͩͼʶǰʽֻôĽؿսȣѾ˾޴ı仯
ӢһѾмεˮ׼ɱҲСӡ
֣ͩصص˵ͷ˵ýʾͩᵶסһ
£ľסʯ˿ĿɿڴǾȵľƱᣬŵ˵ȫ񵲣ҲУ

һĻˣƵһҲ벻ڰӢնս֮²ãͬһоȻͩþٵᵲļʽȫ
ӢҲһ£漴̾ãȻΪͩúã
ڶʽϿգӢĽصĹ켣ͩΪĵĿռ侹ȻбзϵġνһϿգǺӵң
һѾﵽмε۷壬ף
ͩᣬһնһϿսĿռ䷨¼£֣֮ϿսȻ󽵡
ǰͩҪõֵȴòЩ鷳
Ӣ˿ɵ벻ͩڿռ䷨ϣȻԼ
ʽ̿գ
ǿ֮ͩΧǿһе֮£ȥƺͩзͽ͡
һ̿սͩ޵һ̿ս£̺Ŀռ䷨£±仯ôˡ
һеľȻֻмСɵĲΣȴɡ
ͩһ£һƽ죬˵ǣ
˲ͻ̿սİΧȦգۼ㹥˰Ӣǰ
ӢӦ죬ֻͩһ̫죬쵽޷ȫ
ûа취ӢĽһתɵʽ̿ս˲仯ɵʽԲս

ΪˣӢܹܵͩһеԲսһеĹʱȴȻһֻн׳εƻϲǿ
ӢҲţֻͩսʮľ磬ԿԿ϶ͩǵĴˡ
Ȼ㻹ô׾Ӣһ̾
Ӣʽһתɫ˲ޱׯأһȣҵʽɿգ
ͩΪ⣬ӢһʽȻ͵Ľ̿һģһʽ仯Ҳֻͽʽȴȫ͵Ľһ
һԸǿԵ
ͩӵһǡһѾмɵĲΡ
ǵֽʽײĹУһصɵˣ֮󣬽ͽȻ
ͩҲ˲һ֮ˣһȻɶֵΪУֱƵ쿪ֿռ䷨֮ͩҲ
ýͩһޡ
һǼһ
ͩΪǣмԲεļȻӢɿսΪá
ûõģһԳҾϵǿƳҪô͵ڿռ䷨ϴңӢŵػӽ
ͩˡ


389  ʮ
ӢľŴսʮļֽս֮ϣεĲΡ
ΪһľӢǸؾ̹֮˱ʮҲв˶ѡ˽
磬ҲֻǰԪͷ֮ʱҲֻ䡣
ֻܳӡ
Ӣľǵʮˮ׼ôҪǿƵɿսǾֻиߴʮŲϵľС
ͩ룬úַƵӢɿս޿ɱر¶硣
ͩҪˣһΧռ̾ӿһɿֲȻ˵Ķֻһ룬̾ͱͣסˡ
Ȼûͩ޷ɷϣֻͣһʱҲ
ӢдϲеĽ̵øˡ
гҪĿʱĿȴͻȻʧˡ
ӢһͻȻתͩվʮ׵ĵطоĪ
ôܣ
ӢʵһǷĿ꣬Ǳеһ
ͩȴشԼǰʧȻԼ
ռ

ԿռΪһռ䷨ﲻһĳ̶ȣռطôط֮УԿռѴΪҪ㹻ķ;磬ҪһէְС
һԵʿǿռҲδܹռرµʿռݳ֮ûм˻ʱ仨档
ܹͩóռȻԿռ䷨ѾԼ֮ˡ
ӢڵȻǷǳƣڻӿ˼Ļ䡣
Ȼƾеľܿ
ǣӢȻһеܹͩһʹڿռ䷨ϵѾԼ˼֡
ðӢܵĵط
Ҫ֪ר޿ռ䷨רעһʮһա
ͩ޷ͺӣʲôѧޱȡ
ɾˣͩȻڿռ䷨ϵ賬Լ֣ðӢβܵ
Ӣ룬ջеĽ̾Ȼ㻹Ǻǰһɲ⡣ˣӢѾǵһͩˣȻⲻܣҲȫȻɽܡ

ЩӢΪչͼ൱˳ҲŽڳת䣬һαͩͷȣһЩħš
ǿ
ͩ쵰Ȼڲ׾СӸûóʵ
ӢҲƲͩʵʵһһ̬
ţͩҲܹóǴ˵еƮѪֻô̬ˡ
ûۼƮѪжǿҵǾͩƮѪҪ̬һ㡣
ͬ⣡
ڴʱͩͰӢһ۵̨ϯ
˸ո£ȡЦǶ̫ˣԭҸоǺһȾɶҲˡǻȻӰ
ɲ̫ǵˡУ˵øУһ񰡣˵ס
ͷ˵ĹˣӦÿŶԡķޱյؼһ䡣
Ӣ⻰֮ɽԸҲֱۡ쵰ǿɶͩóִǵƾǼƷɫȶҲڵء˵ͩĽԼȾƲеİˡҪԼ
ֳ֮£˫ȭѵ֣ӢǱˡ

ȵڶ죬֮󣬼־һ𣬿ʼ˽֮
⵹û˲˽ҶóԼĵ˷
һ֮󣬴ҲŷͩһﾹȻͨľˮ硢סռȰ˴ǰַȫˣֵҲǼΪˡ
ͩķĵãÿ˶Ӧջ񣬶ҲС
ͩҲõ˲ٵĺôرǰӢڿռ䷨ĸ˵ͩṩһֽǶȥռ䷨ݵӦá
Ӣѡ̫ˣһڿգһաɢлһûκ·
Ӣ·ߵԽԶԽ޷ͷˡ
ǰӢȴǺԥ¾ڣִźͼ֣Ҳͩ岻ͩԼҲ֪ܹܲרעϼľϡ
־ͩҲǼΪ塣
Ӣܹɹͨ·պɾȻһʧȻض˵ˡ

̻ͩʮ죬ôҾ˶ɢ
ͩŹ磬˳š
ˣҵȾ͸ˣлЩдʮ󣬵Ԫ½ϼ壬ĳӭִݡл
;ǧһͩ⵽ɣǸˡľһЦ
룡
ͩˡ
ͩ´лᣬĳżյģǽѲصƾԲܹ򵽵ľƷһζǼ֮ȾƵһ
ɩˣˡ繰һ
ЦݣͷӦ͡
תȥߵú
翴ǶԶֱۣ֮ͩʱԼׯ԰˴š
ʮҪȥԪ½ʵ
ʮ磬Ҫ飬һҪʽһλãȻüΪ¡أһǰΪ˴¡
˵ͷԭˡʮǰȥ磬ǲҲȥոӴ
ͩһ£⵹ǹٻҪ󰡡
ãԸţǾһȥˡͩЦЦ˵㵹ҪѼ¸ˡ
ףıǡͷӦ

ʱһμͩıȻڱչ֮УֻŸѣԣʱûңʿһᡣ
ͩŹ뿪е񶼽չܼͬзֹЩ˹ˣò̫ˡ
Ԫ½ԪǧϵĴ½֮һ󲿷ִ½ûеĿ紫
ֻǵԪ½Ӧԭ紫͵㲢ޣԶʮ޵ԪޡҲȷʵƵϼΪңԶ·ܸʱ䡣
ԣͩ͹½磬ȻɴԪ½
Ϊˣͩ͹Ԥʱ·
½磬½ҲǹϵĴ½֮һ̶൱ߣ˿ڶʢǷ½ʮϡ
½Ϊ̫½
ͩһ½磬ûо̫ˣȴ̫½̫֮
ԣͩһ½磬û֮أӭһ
̫֮һ̫ӡ̫ʷ
½Ϊ̫½
ͩһ½磬ûо̫ˣȴ̫½̫֮
ԣͩһ½磬û֮أӭһ
̫֮һ̫ӡ̫ʷ

½Ϊ۹쳯
Уֻ쳯ֱ֮ġĻͷǳˣֻҪǵʵԸλ˻ǿԵϵλġ
̫쳯֮Ļλǲø˵ġ
̫ӣһƺ;λֻһ̫ӡ
쳯ԽãȻֻ͡Ҫӵ̫ѪĺˣΪ֮󣬾ͻһ̫ӳƺź;λ
ݵλȻ֮ͬУ߲ʡ
ԣ̫Ӳָ̫ĵ߸ӣ̫֮е߸Ļˡ
̫һλ̫ͩͩӡ
ֻһźĳͣͩǰӸ߿·ƺƴ
֮Уһ꣬еĻ۷Σų°ߵͩǰ
̫߻̫ʷ޺ˡ̫ʷޱȹظͩ
֪̫ұк£ֱͩʵ⻰е˼ǣǲ죬ƨţûӦ㡣
ȷʵˣҪͩʹϵ˺ȥˣһͨûʸ񡣶ͩԸڴפֻǸ̫Ӷѡ

Ǵʥ˹һҲһ֮ꡣ̫ʷش
ͩ룬˵ͷǾл̫ˡ
룡̫ʷ˼ӳʽĳţ
ͩŹ˳ᡣ
̫ʷ˸Ԧλ˾˵
Ǽݺܿ͵һͷʹȥ
̫ǣͷ۶࣬Ҳһ޴ľƷҪһ޴ĳУͬʱҲһ޴ս
̫ش˳ǣ̫½ػ½йҲ͡
̫֮еĵλҲ͡
ͩͩ㲻ӦҲλһӡ
ӳ۽˻ʹͩŹλ̫
һȥͨĴˣ̫ͩĵһӡ
֮ؾڻʹĺ԰ﾰɫﻨ㣬ֲĶͨĻݣǸҩ
ϯǳ򵥣Ǽ򵥵һҳˣҲ࣬Ҳλ̫ˡ
ЯӼ̫¡ͩһ
̫¡Ҳһͬ񸽺͵

޺ÿ±߳Աġ̫Ц
ǣһҶ̫ʷãһ̫ʷһʮҲʶڷ½̫ͩܵ
λѡͩϸһ룬Ȼ̫ˣ
ǡ
̫½Ӷ½ֻᣬλȨأϹ߲֮һĵλмķ᳤ֻҪ
ͩˣ̫Ϊ̫ʷ벻̫ʷ徹Ȼǿһ֮һҿȥλȨء
ȷʵ̫µ˵̫Ҳȷʵ˾ˡͩûа̫ʷĹϵԶ˳̫˼˱˴˵Ĺϵ
һϵһμͲͨĵһμ棬Եø׽ˡ
ӶҲһȻ֮£ɱγһϵ
ⲿѹ֮£֮еڶȻɱ⣬Բ̫أһЩϲ̨Сֶζѡ
ϲУֻСӴܣ㲻ʲôϲܻǳĬѹֻȺڶ

ͩˣ̫Ϊ̫ʷ벻̫ʷ徹Ȼǿһ֮һҿȥλȨء
ȷʵ̫µ˵̫Ҳȷʵ˾ˡͩûа̫ʷĹϵԶ˳̫˼˱˴˵Ĺϵ
һϵһμͲͨĵһμ棬Եø׽ˡ
ӶҲһȻ֮£ɱγһϵ
ⲿѹ֮£֮еڶȻɱ⣬Բ̫أһЩϲ̨Сֶζѡ
ϲУֻСӴܣ㲻ʲôϲܻǳĬѹֻȺڶ


390  
˵ˣһԴԣִľ׺ǰѻ߰㣬Ǿ͵ŰӰɡΪڶ壬Ǹӡ
Ϊŵͩڼ䲻ܵţһɾ֮󣬱Ҳǲɱػᱻϵ֮ǣƫƫ֮УʦΪȻϲֱϵͳ֮£κϵ뽫ʦϵ֮ͩʦҲһС
ǹءǱ򣬶Ĺ涨Ĺء
ʦĵλӳȻ
Ҳⱻزϵ֮
ʵϵ֮ҲȫǻҲǺõһ棬˵һķ⽮ҪһͱҪϵĴ˸
ͩμ̫Ӧ꣬ҲΪ±ϵ֮
ԭͩڳ֮󣬾ͻʦڵϵ֮УΪʦݣȻϵ֮⡣
ʡͩ鷳
ȻȻҲͩûжʵȨ
̫һ½Ȩʿƣıʿꡣ̫ƿһ½ĹϵĵϵҲСȨҲء

ϯ֮ϣ̫û£ǳһЩţͩʶǡ
֪֮䣬˱˴˵Ĺϵ
ϯ̫֮ҲûͩҲûֻͣò̫ʷǳ
ͩΪʲô½ԭҲûȥʣûֺõĶ
ֻǼ򵥵棬Ըϸѡ
ͩ˻ʹ֮Ҳû˷ʱ䣬Źɳ̫ǣһտգȡ˷ɴ
ɴ֮趨˺·ߣ̫½
̫ʷǿΪƺûǶأ꣬ǵһμʶǿʵƽʱӴģҲͬȵѡȻ𲻾ãȷǻʵ塣
ǲ治ֻĻҲ˵ͩЦ
ʵһԭǾƷַһ㣬Ϊƽϵ棬ϲὫһ̣ԼӪһǲ̹ġΪչ
нİͼҲΪͣչԭ

չڻڳţֻǶʱڿҲܲʲô仯ѡ
ʱ̫ʹһ֮С
̫ú̸̫š
ףΪ㲻̫Ĺϵͩһϵ̫úʵһʦһϵλʦǡ
ܹλʦеõɱƷݶҲǺõİ
ö̫ˣʦж٣ȥС֮вʦ֮еʦֻϰλѣЩʦ󲿷־ס֮УжУɱڸ֮սԴʦǱϲƿأԲǳΪ˽еʦңÿһʦǹ¼ҹ˵ġ̫̾ʦʦȴ
̫ʷʵҲֻһͨʦҪλʦʦңңڣ
ʦȻû࣬ô֮£Ҳ٣Ϊʲôʦֻô㣿
ʦɱɱսԴʦϡ٣־ǵĳȻλ

̫½Ԫ½ĺҪʱ䣬ͩߣǸΪһЩƫԶһ·̡
Ϊ֪ͩԼǷβͣ˼Ľɱ֮ͩΪĽ;԰ȫˡ
ͩ͹羭һ˫֮ͣϢӵһ
ķҲൽ˶㣬ֻںϱͻˣʱҲ̫ˣһλ֮ǾҪһӣΣŵʵͨ޼Ľٶ֮ͩ£ҲǼΪѸٵġ
ȻȲĳţҲͨʿҪöࡣԪаʮϣȴѾҪﵽٽˡ
ùԼ¹ĳɾʥ򾳽硣ֻһ֮еһ㡣
ԣҪᣬҵļ̳ˣȻר̺ͩٷҵķչ׳
ͩһ׼˦ƹԼҵĹȶȣһֹһ˦ָ硣
ͩıڱչزɵܹɾ硣
ͩķЩ궼ڰѾתо򻯵ķϡ

ֻļƿɲǶʱܹɵġ
ʱһζͩ͹ڷɴϣϦദûʱš
ͩһݷʢͣ˷ɴļʻң鿴һº־Щ־صģὫÿһ캽֮еһЩ쳣¼
ҷɴͩݣSܷɴȫԶػؼʻϵͳٱٵļٶȣٱٵѲٶȣֻԴϵͳȽݳޣõΪԴҲǿġϵͳҲǵԽȽɣԵֵǿʮơ
ȻȽĲϵͳҲϵͳ״ϵͳɨ跶ΧǷԲһꡣ
ռУ־һ㶼ֻСһû쳣ȼ¼
սʻңϵͳ㹫֪ͨĿĵػʮ߷ʮ뵽
Ϊȫ棬͵ͩҲˡ
ͩҲû̫⡣
ͩͣ;߽˴֮Ҳ˼ʻҡ
˿ʱ䣬Թ˵ʱҲ쵽ˡǻһ꣬˵ǲǵһȥң

ðҪ￪ʼأȻˣԪ½Ҳʮİ
ţԪ½ľǰ˴澰˵Ȼ컯ɣʵƵ澰̫½ҲмľЩ澰ÿһ½һֻΪ˸·ûȥͩش
֮֮棬ȷʵܹġҲΪ̾
Щ꣬Ҳȷʵǣһʱ䣬Ĵɡͩ˵
Ųأһ֮У˵ϷҸǳΪˡеػش
ͩͷһЦŹ硣
Ԫ½İ˴澰ֲڴ½Ҫ꣬һʱԶԶ
ԣԪ½ĵͼ
ǣˡһĻ
ͩĻ˵Ԫ½Ĵµͼϸɨһۣڵͣ·ɴȻٴԽԪ½
֪ͩԵԪ½ӴͼԼȼߣĴϿսۿڣҪ½ֻдЩۿڽǷǷ뾳

ͩǲʲôǷǷģݵλˣֻҪкͱĴеĵطȥ
Ȩ
ʮ߷ӹȥˣͩɴӳռֳ֮ͩһŹ磬һ֮˷ɴȻѷɴսеָ֮С
ȻͩҲʲôۿں뾳ֱӳԪ½ȥ
Ԫ½һξ룬һĿ
ͩ͹Ѱٶȷ˰ʱڽӽ˴½Ĵ㡣
ðɣǷǷ뾳ЦӨӨʵ
Ǻǣ㲻ܴ̼𣿡ͩЦ
Ԫ½ɲȷ½￪̶൱ߣ걸ķƳȶԣ½ҪԶˡ
Ԫ½ռ½ûǿ
ûһǿɧţҲû޳Ĵڣ࣬һͻܵΪ걸ĸϵͳ
ͻʮΪ÷Ԫ½࣬ǮĸĸΪӴһݾѻһ޷Ȼѣһ֮ȥ˹ѡ

ֱͬĴ½̶ȴȫһ
ҪֳɾżĻԴ½̶ȿ϶ߵģǾǾż̶ȡôԪ½߼̶ȣ½̶ֻȰˡ
Ȼ̶ȲಢΪϵĲ࣬ҲΪϲƫģΪ½Ŀ̶ȲͬԼ½Ŀͬ
ռһ½ͻַһλȻմ½ԴƶһͿλ룬ֿƻʱķչ½Դͻᱻ𽥿̶ҲԽԽߡ
̶ԽߣʵǣԴ½ĿҲԽߣĵطҲԽױ͸
˵ͩո͵ɴ½ƽ㡣ܵļϵͳͲ׽٣ϱչܾ֡
ݱҲһʱ͵˵Ԫնϡ
˻ᾪȣ͵ɱбҪϱ˼ܹ֮еû´͵С£
пչִܾ͹
ʵϣɱ˷ŻǿֲϮ֮Ķ¼ѵᡣ͵ȴǴ֮еĴ¡

ΪʲôôСأ
ʵ˵ˣΪ˷ֹ͸š
ֻҪһ͵ߣչֻܾץˣȻϸŲ飬ȣǲٰģȻǲū۵Ŀܡǲƽ¼ûп֮Ųص㣬㣬Ҫðö࣬طٲ˵ġ
͵κθߵ
͵ߣó͵Ϊ۷壬ǿչܾԸĴ𰸡
͵ɣǾԲС£չֶܾԴ˼Ϊӡ
չֽܾӵ͵ɿɷӵ鱨֮󣬲һӣ˾׷
һ£ҪҪһģȻ˭пܹ˽ã˽ǿչֵܾļ˽ץ͵߶ȳȻͬͷ
ٶ൱Ѹ٣Ϊ˳֣
ͩԴ˺֪飬Ϊ޿֡
ʵͩҲ֪ԼΪԪ½뾳ϵͳǿ϶ġ
ֲϡ棬Ԫ½뾳ϵͳԼ޷̸ֺ֣Ųϸ
չּܾ˽Ǳ߸ոմһͷһ·ȡж͵ߵһ鱨ϷϽߣԪ


391  
ɽӳ£˵Ԫ½˴澰֮һﱻʥأÿ굽Ӱʤ˵˴澰ΰɣΣ֮ͨο͹ҲֻΧתתֻռϵʿС
ɽﵽĴɽԲǧ֮ھһӴĵδſųңûеõ֮ǰͷǳΣա
ӽˣΪųһ䶯˾ͻᱻͻĴɱһ˵ֻΪԽǿˣֲֵܵĴ
ǾεĿȻΣյֻȶԣҪǰȫһЩ
ΪޣҲ޷ɽĿֲų
οڱʩ֮µǿ뵽ɽۿɽӳµ澰
ͩ͹ӿ£һ¶㳡вοͶｵ䣬ǰ߸ǧ׾ͻᵽﾰշѵˡ
ۣ֡̾
ȷʵˣ㳡ռزƽмʮοͣʱʱʿɹΡ

ȥԿһ޴ɽ壬ڰУΧвС͵ĸһʰΣ·һ¡
ǶΧɽĹ԰˶
ڸյɽ֮£һСĺɫһͷ״ֱ֮ΪǺ
һοͿԽӽɽȥĸվ޷͹תµ
ɽӳĵطҪɽڰɽ
ŶһŶ׵԰ƱȻŹ˾
ɽֻаɽӳµ澰ɿôųɵĸʩ
ͩŹ磬һֵȥ棬ֱҹĻٵʱ֡
߰ɣ磬˵ɽӳ֮ûǵȵ¹ʱٿͩһŹ֦˵
Ǻߣǰû˴ųʩһֻпʿķֵˡ

ͩ͹𣬳ɽɽ۾̨ȥ
һ뿪ʩ͸о޴Ĵų仯ܵĿĥ
Զ˰ΪǺ׾Ӧ
շɵһ룬ͷȥԭĺ磬òеĸɽ嶼ӳںϣһƬɾϹžɹۡ
ͩ͹˹۾̨ûü̾ʱϵ¸߹ң¹ӳںϣʹǺɢ͵ӯ֮⡣
âɽΧĸϣʹ֮ǰʾɾȫһ㣬ֱʤա
翪ĵ̾
ǰȻ鴫̾Ϊֹͩ͵˴澰£쿴ɽӳ£Ϳ߾һҲ档
ϣ˵Ԫ½˴澰ֱɰλɣ𣿡ʵ
ȻǼٵˣ˵ھ޽֮ǰˣ˵һ۱أֻ˭ûзĴڣ϶Ƕ׫ҥˡһӶ

ͩ͹Ѱȥһֳȣ磬Ӣޱȵˣͬ§һŮ˹
ͩûж࿴ԷŮ飬Ͼű˵ŮһֱǺܲò顣
²٣λѡһգһģһ
ͩͩػش
ԭ֣һһᡣһЦݵؽӿڵֱֳ̧۵ͬʱشһ磬ϲʵλǣ
ͩһĨζ˵ӡ
ԭˣʧʧһϧص
粻̲ءšһžޱؿͩϡ
һӣһǵسͩʵֵװͿƺǱ
ţҺҲĽġͩ󷽵سϵ
ٿȥᣬʵҲһʿһ۷ʿ
ԵҵƬһʲô鷳ֿ԰óӦûõġóһʵĿƬͩһϡ
ֵͩؽӹƬһ죬аԪ½˾ô飿ֹ֣ͩƬƬҲһֽʡ

§ŻеŮӴݴ뿪ˡ
˿ȥƺҲСٵϸܵһʢ˵ζ
٣˾һͩЦû⣬ڵݺΪڵԪ½֮ϣ˵Ԫ⣬˻治ڻ¡
ҼƵס£úõһ⾰ķ羰ֻһʱ䣬ĲܹꡣͩĹ֦سӰɽһŹ۾̨ɽȥ
ɽӳµ澰ҲһҪɽֻܿǰɽ׳ۺˡɽĹ۾̨Ҳϰٴ֮࣬ǶȲͬɫȻҲͬ
֮һ޴ĳǳء³ǣģӦڶУֻǵԪ½ĳûгǽڡ
˵ˣһΪζչķԳУεľƵꡢꡢ¥ĳȵȸֳӦоС
³Ҳǵݵ۹ΪҪһóС
УҪ飬ҲҪһµʱ䡣
ͩ͹ס˰³ʮǼƵꡪ¾Ƶ꣬ԳĺƵ꣬Ǯ㹻ݵλס
Ȼͩ͹ǰΪȻʸס¡

³ǵĴ͵ͻȻ֮䱻һ룬ǧʽװмɵһȺʿӴ֮˳
ǧ֮УĶʥ򼶣аϰ֮ࡣﵽʮ֮һı
֣Ԫ½ΪѾĹϴ½̶൱ߣʥԶȷ½öࡣ
ڵԪ½ǲղ繷ʥߣܶһ
ϰ֮Уǰںڣǿһλ۷ֳֹŹߣһ۵ꡣ
͵֮Уʶ㲩˱ϳ
ۣ⣬ⲻǻܴŵĹٷôһλոմ͹ȴֶû뿪İǿߵ̾
֮⣬͵֮УнλҪ˺¡
˵ƷЩȫ켩˾ˣ
ۣ켩˾Ļᣬֻ켩˾λ˾֮һ
ʲôӣȻ˾Ĵӣ˾ȵصʵ


392  ֮
ݵ۹켩˾ǵ۹רųǿߴ۹ɷץ켩һǿš
֮Уһλ˾Լλ˾۷Ϊףʮ켩ӣʥǧǿɣµʿ
ڵ۹ȫֲʵһжš
ײһǴ¼
ǵ۹Ѫᣬӵ۷ΪҲ󣬾ڸλ켩˾֮УѪֻһ˶ѡԣĵλ켩˾֮ڵڶλȨأʵǿܸɡ
Ҫ֪ݵ۹己ٸ꣬ѪἫ࣬ǵĵλڵ۹֮Уʵߣֻǵ۹ͨƽһ㣬ֻЩѪɳ˳Ϣӭ֮С߱Եõϻϣʹۡ
֮Уַֺĸ
ʸ۵ĻѪᣬȫǻ徫Ӣ
Ļ徫ӢӸλǼĴڣЩʶ˶֪һˡ
˾Ȼյ߱ûдλΧڵߣһ鿴ϵʾݣһλӳĸ߽װ˵
˴˶ӣôĵĳ֣˶ˡ£Ҳдݾߵ˼
¾Ƶꣿɲð찡һλӳĸ߽װ̾
³ΨһʮǼƵ꣬ҾƵıɽҲ
ߡԤϣһҲ⣬ȿɽݣڵݵ۹˭¾ƵĿɽ޷Ǽӵܡǳ壬Ȼ󲻿ԣֻҪΪٽһǾǵ۹̫֮

ǧ˳˴͵ɿն𣬳¾Ƶȥ
֪ͨطһ𰲸ƵԼɢƵ֮ͨ˺Сʿ˴ȥⲼúýӦ󡣡λ߽װ񼶵Ķӳɵڰ¾Ƶ֮еĿˣΪ֮ԱԲ⡣
ǣ̷ǧ˳ĳʺϵĵطá
ֻʣµλӳ¾Ƶȥ
˾ǲǻװȥ
ħͬСɣݺңô꣬ȴûбץӶ֮ǹھ£ǲܵġ
Ҵ˼Ϊƻ֮һ㶼ڼ̵ʱǱӡ
֮󣬵˵ͷӣСҲҶһβңҾͲյ
ԭλѪᣬ켩˾ĵڶԳΪħצ˻׹ݣܺ˵ܲԳץˣ
طЧҲͣܿЭһ׼ﵽ¾Ƶʱ򣬾ƵΧѾˡңеĽմҲˡ
ֳмĽմǰҲֻܷɿϰңٸ߾ϲȥˡͱ˴ӿѡ

Ѹٰ׷ߵָʾ˾Ƶİ¥ʮߺ׷
ûˡ
ݵǼϣסһһŮеͩŮδ֪ǱʿĳӳӾƵĵǼϵ˰¥ʮߺ׷סǼϡ
׼ɡһ˵
λӳֱֿʮ˺źʮŷ
˾׼
׼

˷ֱ㱨
Ӧ׼ɾͨͨѶʵ
׼Ѿ޵⽼ҰӦλӳڻش
ӵر֮
λӳͬʱóһ죬ͬʱ߶
߸컥Ӧһ˲䲼ϡ
ò˵¾ƵķѣֻҪţϿԸһиţʶҲ޷֪̽ڵһԱ֤ھԵ˽˿ռ䡣бչҲ⡣
ףпռ䲨ͩȻ֪緢ʲô飬ԵĿռ䲨޶ԣ
Ҫһ̽Ȼ֮䣬оԼڣôڿռ䲨λá
ã״ֻͩüһѱס磬÷סԼ
Ȼ֮䣬ת
Լһռûĺ
գۼ䣬ͩԼһƬҰ֮⣬ұһʿΧס
ͬͩһ͹ĻеȰλǿߡ
ħ㱻ˡ˵ȨֳĬ뽻һУ޿֮࣡

ͩɨһڳ˵Ϊ֮󣬷ģʼͩΪɱָɵĺأԭ۹ٷˣǾûϵˡ
һԷĻ漴ˣһᣬһ֮֡
ͩǺİɱڵʵǷһʵҲԲ֮ͨ¡ǴΧҲֻΪΧɱһԷѵɳĸ𣿵Ԫ½ɲǷ½ܹǿҲޣͩĲں
ͩЩͶ߻һڣһҲˣʧɱķĴѡ
ɹ䣬ǾͺĪˡ
ͩ˵λˣǲϴˣ¿ɲʲôħӶĵͩ
˵ħǧ򻯣ȻˣȻһۼҲشϧ㵱°ȺµһϢȴ㡣
һϢͩɵ˲ϷõΨһһǺŲյõƬͩӻȡ˳˵˵ĿǴϢ
˵꣬ͩƬԷ
ӹƬ׷һ̽ȻϢɨһͩˣȫ޷Ӧ
⣬ôܣﲻгɵѾоĲԾˡԷӶĺĵӣһ㣬ֻҪһܲ鵽˼٣ټƬϵϢ׷ҹϢûһ
Ƭôģסʵ
ͩƬ˵һͨްְ֮
˵ʵͩݣֻҪһݵ۹ĹԽ٣ӭӣһҪŬذͽͩ
Ϊͩ½ݣΪͩʦݡ
⻰ͨѶƬϵϵʽͨ˹ȥ
ι˭һ٬˳
ش
֮˳Ĭһ˵ԭǵ˾ǵĶ죬ҸոһֻǾˡٺٺ٣ô˿ҵͬץǲץأ
ħ˾һץ㣬ܲģҧгݵ˵
⻰Ѿ˲֪ٴˣϧʮһǻңڡٿ˵


393  ־
ͩЦЦվ˳ӿ˵֣Թ޳߼޻ɵСıӦ
Ӧ벻ϵ棬㻹ĻűӦ˼ֻ㵹ùඡٲЦ
˵ֱ꣬ӹرͨѶȻһѻеͨѶӵˡ
תͷʵ
Уʱ̫̣û׷ٵźš켩ӵĳλԱҡͷ̾
ɶ񣡡ȭȻˣһ٣ұת
˼ҪЭ飬ǻ켩˾ɡ漴ͩʱκһŹǰ˻ħˣһղŵһ˫أ
ǲǻȥأ̬ͩҲˣǿӲ֮ǰڽڵͨˣͩءЩ˻ȥЭ飿ЦԷһ鲻ҪЭһ겻ɣ
Э˵ú˵˾Ҫǣ鲻뿪ͩûǸʱš
ǿɲ㣡һӶĵӣҲӸ۹ڲɡ
ӶŵӲȡǷʽⲢǺΪΪһֻҪռﻹ治¿ѹһ񣬱Ͼݵ۹Ҳǿ߿ٵĹȡ
ͩһһǿ־ķɢͩĿƾ׼ǿ־ûжԹκӰ죬Χʿɾֱǿ־
ͩǲ۲۵۷꣬־ڵ־

۷־ɷģҲԲûܹͨġ
ڳʿһⶼѹڵ£ڵء
־ôܣΪߣ£ҳɹں£ͩ־ĵֿǿģͩ־֮ûȫ
˵֮⣬ǧʿ¶ηͻ֮̿ɫһԣе˻ɪɪ
ڴͬʱͩıһߴͶӰ־֮γɵӰе͸߹Ϣ
Ҳɵ˲ͷӦ˹ʣǰ˾ȻȻǾ;Բħйˡ
۲ʶ̩ɽðǰǰ˲С˹̬һһٰʮת䣬õˡԴҲðһ亹ġһλ񣬶Ӷ񣬼ʹǵݹ֪ˣҲΪ¹
ڵϰ£룬λү˵ĸðλү
ץץȥЭˣͩʵ
ңңǰȻǸ߸ϵǰȻǰħ޹ءشͷ亹ٲһ㡣
翴ȥˣ˽֪ͩͩƽϴ£Ͼ˼ҲΪץﷸðͷβǹ¹죬ֲͩǵͩ
ǣվ˳Ȱ˵ˣҪŭҲðʹдʹ˽ҹɡ
ͩ˹ĻԭڵҲӴ־Ҳޱ˵ãȻΪ飬ҲһȺСһʶ

ʿоǹӴѹһʱԼͬ˿ͩĻ֮һҲ
ı仯Ϸˣһ·ǱϢɵˣȻϲزϿͷллǰͣлλ顣ʵ̫̼ˣ֮ǰﻹڻֵ̿һ³ͻȻ֮䣬ɶ¶ûˣҲѹָˡ
ͩҡҡͷһ־ȥ
˼뿪ˣԼ̱ͬڵأ˺һ˲Żָһλ˹ʵ˾ô죿
ô죬ȻǼ׽Ǹ˵Щȫûﲢûз׷ħ˼ڶԴ¸ģˡ
Ѳк󸣡ħ㺦ǣܾôˡ
ʵǸòŷ
˻
ҲҪˣħǲͬǳ׵׵λһѣΪλ˻ưոݣ
⻰ڳˣǰһһ´Ƚе԰һǸ˵ڽˡ
ˣͷʾͬ
ȷʵڽӣɷǸ켩˾ĻץǿҲǰ񼶱𣬲ģϾħµֻǲɻ֮УȻӣҲﲻΣͳεĵزħڶر仯ȷʵרҼˮ׼Ҳȷʵκεħ
һһ񣬶Ҳͨⲻʲô

Զǧ֮⣬ͩ͹һҷ֮ϣš
ʵˣɲ·񰡡
ħ٣벻֮ȻҲܹ۷ˮ׼ʵǸͩƽ˵ͩԼȨޣӶᵩݷֻȡԼҪ鱨
ȷʵβֳҲǵģҲΥءɻҲʹһ֧ͩ֡
һ˵棬ر½۾֮ǲ׼ֵġ
ڷ½¶ͱһǧꡣ˵Ԫ½رȷ½ִеûҪϸ
Ϊֺܻܿ½Ȼӵʮǧ½ٵһ½ҲǼΪ۵顣
֮УȺҪչ׳˾סմ½ҪԴҪҪ֮ʱҲǧ½ܹн㽮ȱͷ­ɢѪġ
ЩȱǴ඼߲㣬Щ˴ڣֻΪϧǰ˹ҲҪѴ½úúõġ
˵ķչӸҪЩմ½Դܲ׳
ԣڷ棬ͳεĴ½ϣϿҲԷ֣һ㲻ᱩ¶Լݡ
ͺͩһ㣬¶־ͨͩǰ𣬻һλİ
ʵϣߵİ֮УҲвİЩı𣬴඼Լ֮УϵͲ


394  ׷Ѱ
һεɽͣһͨɽȣͩ͹ӷͩһջ˷ۡ
ﲻƧͩʶɨһ۷Բڵ״ϸ۲һɽڵΣ˵
ʲôֲʲô֮أԲǻһƬͨʵ
̳ʩͩش
ʩҪ̳𣿡粻⣬û˵Ϊ̳ʩ
ǺǣҵĶطֻһֱùѡͩ΢΢һЦش
ĿԴˡػش
ͩǰһ֣ܴر仯һԷ̳ĸƾղֶɡͩǰԲһЩط
ЩЩͩϾ֮ʱƳ׵Щ鱦ģ𵽵ҲֻǸãĸþǵһЩ淴ɣ˵һЧ
׵ͨʩչҪʩ߱
һͩѰˣ
Ѱ˲κ˶ã䳤һģһͬͬյҲǲڣѰ֮һ˫ҪһЩҪϵ˵רҵһ㣬Ǳ˴Ҫ
ãͩһѣԭʶ˾˽νȻйͩ׵ˮƽ·̳ʩչͨ

Ѱ˫׷Ѱ˹ȥ
翴ͩڷ̳ϣһʩпûж
׵̫֮˼ˣǲӴ
ͻȻ֮䣬ڷڰλİ˼Ȼ֮ͬһʱ̱̳Ҳͬһʱܵشѳɼ顣
ͩԵЩǱ˳˷̳Χ
û°ɣеʵ
£ֻĴһЩǣ֮ʩչҪɬͩҡͷģϾǣ漰ϡ޹ʵģʩչࡣ
нˣʵ
ˣ·ɣұ߱߻ָͩ˵ȡ۽ٿأȻ˴˵һȻ㵽֮Ϣָȥˡ
쳯Ԫ½쳯ɵԪҲ֪˶ٸˡ
쳯֮Уʿ࣬ʢ
еԪѹ쳯ڣڳ֮оȴ˿Ҳ˺͸İΣ

ڣ쳯֮еĶ֮һ֮мһ֣Ȼͬ죬֮дʷ֮һλ
½֮ϣӵаѹźͼͳƵ϶ˡڵԪ½ֻгŻܳƵ϶
ھĶţǿʢɣаʮ֮࣡۾һ֮أÿ궼ᳯ͢˲
Ķţеˡÿǧ꣬͢Ϊһ֧߾򻻷߾ս
սѷ֣ʵϷ棬ͬҲٲս߾սͬҲһЩֻҪٵö࣬ͬʱҳ̶Ҳöࡣ
սΪԴͬʱҲ˲ŵĿС
ı߾սǾǳ൐Դռˡ

Ȼλڵ֮ڣڣȴ˼ɽ֮УʿҲѰ
ΪڶһܸĴûоλ꣬ҵ
٣İͬʱҲŽĵһţֻŶ֪ЩŰ绹һ쵱ţħ
ԭͲʲô̫ţʱͬʦֵ֮УڡһõһԶطԲӴԺĽٶȾԶͬãԶԶذͬʦֵ˦
ֻǲϰԶط仯֮ʵǸޱȣ쳯Χ֮һֱң⣬켩˾ûа취
ɽٶһ˴ԼĶ֮ôû֪ϲŮɫҲɹһ檡
ڵһڸ߽ʿУپǳ⣬󲿷ڵʱ䶼ڱչؿޣͷžһλڵĿʿ
ʦֶʱ䣿ٵĶ֮⣬һλʿ
ĽƺȻֹ֮ͣٴӶ֮ӭ˳˵ʦ
ʦֶ֪ʦɴӦ˱ڵίУʵ

һ˲ٵĶֱ
ʦĻʦûмˣίȻ޴˵𣬻ʦ¡ٿ˵
Щϧ̾һȻείв̫ܣҲЩġ
ʦֶĶ˼򵥣̰ͼܣóʦֶĿ꼫ϣʦֶܹΪڵĵڶλ񡣡Ѿͷ˵;ܹߵһѾԪˡ̫֮ѣѵڴôֻһλʦɾ
ڴʱһҷ۳ڷ
ţӦþ⸽ˣ쵽ˡͩһ̣̾
ͨʵ̾һһ½֮Уҵضĳˣڴ룬£ܹͩҵŹˡ
ͩ⴦ɽһЩϢͩӵԪ½Ӷֻܷݿ֮ģʮϸر⴦ɽľ
⴦ɽΪɽһźʮ˸Źͬ

⸽žڣǸٺܾܿڵĵӡ
ղҲһħϣķΧһֱԶԪ쳯׻˵Ӳѱ߲ݣ˺пܾǵԪ쳯Ĺ񡣡˵ӲҪˣ
ڣѵǻҾܾɣͩɵûֱ֤Ҫˣ˿ϴӦŹˣֱǿҪˡ
ڵ沢ǴʼߣһλɵšҲΪͻ񣬲ԾӶ֮һ
治ǵԪ쳯ĸ֮һĽΪѡ
ͩ۷ûñȡ
۱ڵɽͣڰա
ڵķӦҲɽӳɽŴķΧۺ֪λǰǰݷãǷػǰɽ
ͩʹɵĲٵѻˣͨһ˵áͩƽػش
ǰʶɲʦ棿ǰԴƬ̣ȥͨ弶ΪʿϽͨڵͨѶֶΰϢ˻ȥ
һںͲԼٱ˾յϢ
ͩ˭ʦܣʶŵû˵ˡ

֮ͩ󣬲ɵɫͻ䣬һʱ뵽ľǣô֪Լģôģ
Ҫǣͩҵ˵Լһݱ¶ˣ
ٱϵڵİʦ֮һԺշǳڣŴɣѹšȴħɻԪǵСǽ塣
ħһ¶ܻܿǣţȻ£ܻܿʧȥϹʵݣΪ˺Ĺ
ҪǣͩȻˣ˾Բһ㡣
ʦܣʦܣ
ٻع¶һǿЦݣ˵ͩˣʦȷʵʶֻʦܲʦֳ潫Ǵˣǧ򲻿͸¶֮С
ΪһţҲɵѾһ˿Ծܾ֮ͩܿǲٵһͷծ֮ġ
ʦкλ֮˵ͩʦܳУھԲ֮ţֻҪʦ˵ǷָΣʵ
ʦֹȻۣСȷʵΪһЩֻͩǴС˽£СܲšٿЦŻش

һȻ˼һ£ʵͩǺʦµ˴ˣ
ԷĿŵûһ̣ôܣ
Ųûг嶯жϣϾ˽µ˱ˣžҪӻҲҪ˽ʵĴžС
Ϳز׾ͳ֣ǺܸܿŴѡ
ڻûǿ󵽿һеĳ̶ȡ
ʷвǿΪäĿ̶֮вڸǿ
ڵڳְ͢һڼΪŴɣȻжȡ¾ҪѰ͢ȣܺͳ͢Ÿɡ
ֵľðȻΪУǲ޴
Ųû̾ȫֲ֧֮٣ѰʲࡣǲȣҪ˽ȫ̾жϡ
˵ʵСҲͩǺԹ˵ͻȻĬ˵ȥˡ

Ŷʱʲôп϶ǲдȣһ̾ҲգʦԳȥǴˡ
˵뿪˲ٵĶ
ɽɽ󷨺Ȼ󿪣߳һȺˡ
аڵλԼʮλʥ
ӭڶͩҲˡȻ鷳ˣҲѡһ
λ֮Уʮλ˵࣬λɶǾż񣬲ֲųͻõĳװԱġڣľżҲֻλѣڣԲڵĵλŻ֮ߡ
ϸشһͩɻ˶۷ûеȴǸ˼Īļ¶
ѣƶӣΪšһɫ˵
ԭţĳˡͩһ΢Цػ
ѣƶʦܷ֮ǰŽ۹ȥˣδ²֪ƶƶתʦܡ͸¶Եȵʦܹ֮ƶϵҲСſڵ
ͩˣﻹԷǧ֮Ϳ͵
ͩЦЦʵ治ڣǲ
ɫػشȷʵڡ


395  ηǱ
ڣʮ߸꣬йһӦ٣Ϊ߾սŵ䷶ͩ
ˣԾ¶˽֮ɫûдڴʮÿһžӢսڱ߾սΪͷ­Ѫйڳ͢йȺҲΪʲôڱΪšԵڡ
ȻġšԲ٣ҲܷڵĹ͡ʵϣԸеȺţᱻԵЩж£ͻᱻ͢ˡ
ڸҰӳͨ͢Ͳ³͢𣿡ͩЦʵ
ͨ͢ôܣģ㲻ҪѪˣһλϿȵԪ쳯ͨǾ½ͨˣ֮Ǿ֮ͬ
ڻĵ

ͨͩӳһͨֽ·һɵһˡ
ŵ˽ӹͨһͨͨħ
ȻͨͩԼȨʹõԪ쳯´˴ʵ֮ͨвʮ͵۹켩˾쳯켩˾ˡֻ쳯һֱûиӦֻͩԵʩһѹͨ·
Ȼͩʵ鷳ֱ¶ݣǿҪˣֱӴɽץˡͩȴֲˣȷʵɣͩǿѹĻʹڶźĵġ
Ҳɻĵطƻؿɲʲô¡
٣ǲôͨħ׼ǲ뱾кιϵŵݱ֤ˣ˵ˡ˵
ڴվ˳ڷ̵ѣܲΪʦܾ֮ͨ˰ɣ
ֵͩɹȻߴڣûдĳ£پħĳҪ˵ġ
ʦΪƽͣôǸŮӣ׵޳֮ͽҪܣѪˡڴϿڴ
ڵ˶ɫѵؿͩ޻Ѫˣо˲ܡҶԷܵĶڵİʦ֮һ

УʲôݣƾʲôҪˣһֱûп˵һλʵ
ͩӶɴ½ѲʹͩͨԼıݡ
ûдͩ½ͻһ½ѲʹıְӵһְͩʸһЩƽ֮£ҪʱȨ쳯ľ
ͩݺȨӢ˶Ȩݡ
ʲôŵ˶ɵþȵؽгǿ֪󳬼ͳţӶ֮һɵĴ½Ѳʹ˳ղ󳼣ն֮Ȩ
ͩʵȨץˡ
Ҷͩһָͷ
Ϊˡλ϶ʶشĿٲ֮ǰǿӲˡ
Ĭһſ˵ѣħͷҵҲжţʦȴǴŮɫֻһޣ˵ħʵҵķ
Ǿٳʱǡͩ侲˵
ŵ˻һۣȻʶн

λʦο£
ʦ֣֮ʣֻʦܳͩˡ
ʦ֣ӰᣬͩᣬҲܵʵɣңӶĺĵӣССΪѣ
ſһ˵ðɣˣȥʦܳɡ
һʥʿȥΪһݹɽɽŴ֮С
ԴƬ̡ſڵ
ѣҵȣʦܵ治ħΣϿʵ
治ǣĳȻΪǣͷˡͩشҲʮָɴࡣ
ãȻ˿ϴ޵ɫͩһƨͬʱҲѻͩڵء
һ˾ôصȴš
һӣǱ߻һӦҲûС
ͩȵЩͷˣʵҪȶãǲڹʱɣ
˵ͩоԾˣڵźλҲоʲôǱͩ˽ɽ֮ڵΣһ˸òôá
㣬㣬㣬㣡Ǽһȥ鿴ô¡
˼ʥִ£һȥ鿴

һӲղŵǼʥӾ̧֮ǰŵȥҲٵʥ˹
źλһΣʱǰһڣͻ˹ȥ
϶ǳˣֻҪɵӣһĻ֮󣬶뵽һЩʲô
ô£ΪһţȻ췴Ӧ
ʦҵȵ˲ʦ嶴ǰͷʮʦֵڵϣԲѡ
źλһΪʥӼһ֮󣬲˿û£ֻ˯˹ȥ
ʦʦĶѾȥ¥ˡ
źλ仰֮һһˣ
˯䣬ħֺϷƺˣСˡͩЦ
Ǵ˵
ȻٴӴѶӿе֪֮ͩԾڸסԼΪ˻òѡܡ
Ҳǵűͩץѡ
٣ɻɣٹᣬ߳͢շͩЦһ˵
ǣ벻Ҫᣬʵԣٴ˴ѶӣȻηǱӡڻʧ֮Բܹᳯ͢շ顣ڴϼæ

ĳԲ׷£Ǳ뽻ٵıϢݹĳˡͩ˵
֮Уûб֮ĴڣڵĵӣıȻ
֮ԻħҲûбץסΪµϢαװϢıϢϢǲܸıġ
ĸţഫбڣصĵص㡣ӵôæ뵽һ㣬ҲûʱȥûԼı
źλһ£ֻҧӦˡƱǿҲηǱȣû˵ȥ
õ˲ٵıϢ֮ͩЦóһ̣֪ܣ٣Ϊ㻹ӵóҵ𣿡
ܹͩҵȫȻû׼
˲ٵıϢΪϵҪλٵڣ׵öˡ֮ǰϵλҪҵ٣ǧٱֹ
ͩһʱ䲶׽ٵֻܷǾϺȷ

ͩһ£˵ȥ۶ңȥ˽ȥ۶Ѱ㡣
˵꣬һ
һɫķ϶ƾճ֣ͩ˫գһ˺һռѷſһ˴Сӷ϶֮УµĿռ
ͩһ˽ȥ
ֿռ䴩ͨǶԿռ䷨Ĵ߲ͨʹáһ£ֻգͨĿռͨпռ䴩
֮Уռ̶̳ȱҪö࣬ԣͩ԰֮Ҳܹռ䴩ͨ
ϾͩľȻ֮ϣҪȰǿöࡣ
˲µһ֧仯˲ơ
˲ƣֻҪ׽һ㣬գܹ֮ƶôȻ˲ƵľҲ޵ģҪΪ;
ͩһռ䴩󣬿ڼϢ֮䣬ʮ֮ң
ӳɽõ֮õܴ֮һִ󼸺ÿһŶУǲڵɽ֮ڣм֮ΣԴΪŴֶΡ
ִĳڲܼڴ֮ĵط
ͨ˾ɽϰ֮һСһͨӵĵصʮһ֮С

ٵʮϢ֮ڣ˷츲صı仯ȫһˣϢҲıˡ
ͨܵӵص׳һĽֵСȻȴҲס˲ˣԷ˾Ӷࡣ
ٺܴػȺ֮Уܹ١
Ҫãã˺֮ҳѾ仯ӺϢĲ٣Ǳȴ뻹Ҫѡ
ٻȺ֮УС͵ȥ
ͩ˺˿ռ䣬βһΪͨС
ӦûˡͩվڳϿʮ׸ߵĸ߿գŽ··֥һС˵
ûоκˣȻ˵棬С֮еһСӣٴ֮˳ɵȺ֮С
еһֱû̵ָ뷽򣬿첽ƶš
ͩϵ͵ǰʱѾһΪ̵ֱָ仯˷Ȼǲͩһô뿪ˡ
ͩҲ֪ȥ˵жԶܹݲٵıϢҵķλҲڷλ
ɶ벻һͩһ̾
Ȼ˳ǣ⣬շλ˺˿ռ䣬˽ȥ

ǲټΪƻȻʮʹô󣬲ͣر߸ȫûйɣ򶫣Ȼתת
ͩοռ䴩֮󣬱ͣɲڸһΣܻһ֮ء
ͩһסصȴš
ָָ֮򶫱Ѿˡ
ͩŴ붨֮㵹ܵһܹܣ
ͩû˺ռ䣬пռ䴩Ϊ̫˷ʱˡ
гдڣαô鷳أ
ͩմ½зֲͼóд󣬳ĳдͣһһе飬ܻҵġ
óд˲ԿԽľ룬ռ䴩˵Ҫʡʡʱö࣬ǻһЩͷáöͩ˵ţһë㲻ϡ
ʱͩӰڵԪ۶Ĵ͵ֻһ̣ϸһ̣߳˴
ԭܵˣȻǳ˵ϣԪ쳯ͨ㣬Ȼܵ䣬ѹֵôǿ鷸ܹңң⡣ͩ̾ٻһ˲ţʮ꣬Ȼ֪һòȻĲɻһϷˮƽӰۼġ


396  ż
ͩ߳˴͵̵ָʾһΪͨǰ档һӪϵС̣۶̷ǳࡣ
ܹڵ۶Ӫһ̣ԴԲ⡣ûһı£Ҫ˼׼ᵹա
ͩС꣬а룬ߣȻûд˭ܹ뵽ôһڵ۶ΪƽС꾹ȻħĲ֮ء
ͩЦЦ˽ȥȻſסСꡣ
С䣬ԭɿŵӽĿĲ٣͵һҪվ͸оһɹǿѹѹȶ
ҲҲַµ۷񣬲Ǽ֮һʱˣĳλ򣬶ʵǿ
ȵǣ쳯۶֮УȻ˸ôſ
ʲôˣ쳯۶ſ򣬾ͬˣѵͲ³͢׷𣿡֮еļλ˴е
ͩʶڵɨһȦûлش˵Ļȥ
ҪôҲǾż־ܡ
ǵ𷴿ʱ򣬲ٲŷͬһļͺǿȻ޷֮ٶʱȻʧɫ

⾿ʲô򣬾ȻôǿҲûоͱƷˡ
ֱ̤ͩ˷䣬ٶʱɫ԰ףһֱ䣬һƽ
ͩص˵ӣ˲ɳϣ˵ôҺܾȣ
ٳ̾һ˵벻㾹Ȼô׵ؾˡ
ҵҲǼ׵顣ͩػش
Һܺڡε̾ĺܺڣʱͲҴˡ
ݺͩҲδǹΪ֮ӳ¹۾̨ϣοڶ࣬ͩҲΪͩ⣬һԵĹоңòʡ
ȴϣ֮½֮
ٲ뵽ͩı򵥣ݺֻܶһͩΪԼᱻץʮԴӻ֮󣬴ʧֵоԵţй¶ݡ
ϧµ˿ͷȴûϵβ
ͩˣ޿ˡ
ԣֻ֪ҵҵģҵҵʵݵġɻʵ
̫ţ棬ĳȡ֮ѭ㻵бӦһ죬ʹ㲻ңҲǲõͩش

˭ǺݣҲĿɫ䣬Ȼʵ
Ǻ棬ϰǺַţʲôȻѸ١ͩûлش𣬷ʵ
ʵ棬Ҳشɻ󡣡ͩ˵Ҳʱˣҳȥ֮ǰû˻ǡ
СܱߵĽֵ˵һɲ׼ڡ
ԣҪ˵ҧش
޺ͩͩʵ
޺㣬㣬۾ɵôģ˸𾪡ںޡŵĹâ
ȻΪһ㼵֮ģһ߸ϵҲѹֻн³๼
ãˡһ̾һƬѹֶԷ˴ı£쳯۶ͺ޹˼ɵض֣ѹֶԷôͨҵԼ
ٵɫܿƽ˵ʮǰҵһԶؾеõһЩԶطĴУоС͡С仯ĴС
ͩû˵ʲô͡С仯ⲻ֣Զط޾ʥĴھͲڶʮλֻͩǴĳһʥĵͳˡ
˵ԶطǵҲ٣ͩҲܾ֪

ңָֽԶطҲһǳԶ֮ɷ
ҲпϹʱĴͨط
ַͩޱʵ
ٽؾڵַ档
ͩˣԪ½ĵͼϸһƣؾھȻŰɽӳ澰ɽ֮С
ɽ澰ΪʥأΪųңΣմɽӳҲɽΧɽģ籩Ű֮ȴ˼֮
ͩ룬ûֻǰ̽Ѱ˼ǰ鱨ϱ˹ϲ㣬ȥ̽ż
Զż֮У㲻϶࣬Ҳ̫١Ľ֮Увʮؾڡ
ɷϣؾżߵļֵ
ÿһؾзһԶɱ
ͬʱؾΣմӴӣһСģҲС
ҲµòֻżΧһЩаˣҲǣͩЦЦʵ
ĬȻ
ЩżܹɹļԪӶûлбȻ̺ĻͬʱҲܹ֡ȥһ֮Ҳ̤УΪؾ̫֮գûаڽȥܹ֮Ȼ߳ͩ˵

ͩĻ֮۽ǲԾس鶯£ͩ˵Ļȷʵص㡣ⴳǴµؾ֮УȻõҽҵشؾ֮гˡǣеҲȷʵ̤С
ΪС֪ν֪ηټһЩ˲ܴȫس
ڵѾǰʵǰǿ˲֪٣ʶҲ˼ƶ࣬Ϊ˽Խ֪࣬Խ࣬ԽᵽǴؾΣպͿֲ
ֻΧһ߲ʬĴ﷨ܹɳ˵ؾŵӴԴͱ
ͩЦЦ˵Ȼ㲻Ը˵Ҳǿ˵գͩһư˲ٵϡ
ѻʩչ
ʶѵ±ѻ꣬˺ѷεʹݵġֻܱܵطزҽ
ʱƣҽͣϢͬʱԭ˸ž˫ۣҲô
űε˹ȥ
һʱ˵ħѾֻʣһʬİ׳աͩĵطϵΪӴԺҲûħˡ
ͩջ֣ջһԲ뿪С꣬ûļ˺͵̵ƹơ

棬һλǿߣŵ۶ƷһΣȻǾ˾˾١
µ۶˾߸ˣ߶£ͩˡ´ʥϣӭͩ˹ٵԪ۶߶ޱȹظͩ
λǶħƺͽˡͩ˵꣬ת뿪ˡ
ͩ뿪˴˵أǰ۶ʹ˵ԪμһλΪٰ˽ᣬȻ˵ȴڵ۶Ĺ磬ڵ۶ľƵס
ͩıڱչزɴܶεֻýռ䣬ϵʦ
ıҲڱչ֮Уֻһʶͣռ֮С
ʦͩ
ôؼңʲô鷳ʵ
ǣֻҵһԶż⴦ż̫գûа취Լֻϱᡣͩڻش
ŶһûзֵԶżҲ޷Լ٣Сǲ޵
֪཮֮УֲҿĹŴżֻвʮÿһջᣬϵɱϵɱǴЩŴż֮зģÿһżĵ̻һء

ΪͩרŽһЩؾż̽ȫżҩֲأвҩЩؾ֮в
ЩŴżԣʹǼԪ֮Ҳ޷ǵľڣֻϣڱط֡
ЩżÿһԪðһЩÿһԪλöڱ仯൱أ⡣
ܹż׸ȺչأԴеõһɵĺôģʦΪȺȡġĵ˵
лʦͩЦ˵
Ȼ˵꣬һ뿪ˡ
˴һʱ䣬ˡ
ߣʦȥط˵꣬ץסͩ˲뿪ˡ
ͩǰһһΰĹǰ档
ɽɽ۹סӶλ֮һͬʱҲպ巽֮һۣ߽ͩ˵۹һһ߽ܵ۾ҵʦͬʱҲʦ档

ͩ˲һڽеҾȻһλۼʦ棿ͩ˲ˣΪʲô磬ȴӶĵλԵüߣҺ˵ôŽᣬһӶӴڲҲûϵ֮ġ
ڿϵ֮ûУΪһڽˣӦȻٵöˡ
ͩɳּ죬ûлӴϵ֮ټݺʦݣκϵ֮Ҳǿǣ
ΪһʦȨÿһʦܵλۺͼԪ֮Ĺͬӻ
ڲϵ֮ĵ֮һǲκʽȺߵȼ˲šоͰʦ
˹ͩһμһ֮ۡۡ
ͽͩݼʦ档ͩظۼ
ɣҪˡܺãһõӣҲһ˲ٺñҲɡۺĳ֮

һμ棬ʦģҲøСǱ¼Ĺͻ֮һĵᣬȥϸϸɡ۸ͩһȻ¼һ۵ĵãֵǲɹġ
һһеʦţڸ˵ķ񣬳ӥչ֮ʱԼҪԼȥաʦҲֻһ·˶ȷرԼĽѧ롣
ͩ۵˼ʦŲԼ׼ȫԼҪһԴճ֮⣬ԴսõɱȵһԴҪԼȥƴԼȥ׷Լȥᡣ
ͩһֱͷеķ񣬴ˣԴȵȶǿԼ˫ȥƴġ
ˣɣ˵ҵһŴżܹȷĸʱģתʵ
Ҫִ֪֮ǰֳԶšϹšйšŵĹʱ֮ļʱ
ӦԶżŶԡͩӲеķƶϣǡǡС仯ɵС
ֻǴżΧĳǿʬ֮ϵõЩС
λǿߺпܾԶǿߣֻΪżԶȫ


397  һ
֮УŴż٣ЩżָĶǹżκǿ߶ܽȥЩżһЩѾģҲһЩȺ޷ĳվżУҲС
ڷ淢ֵżֻвʮڷĹŴż俪ѶӦҪСö࣬ȴԶż١
ԣżؾżؾɸ
ʵĸʱżܻ֮һЩҪõĶÿһֵżؾž޴棬ҲӶ̵ܶģԱҪ߿Ƽ˾һ𿪷ۿ˵չأż֮һ档ûĻͰżַ˵Ҫ빱׸ȺҲûйϵ
ò˵ϲ㣬ڸõĲƲǳأҲǱ֤˶ȺͬеһֲԡΪ˵˽вƲòϣֻ¡
ңΪŴ󳬼֮һҲǸȥʩһ롣ʹ棬ΰ󣬺Ⱥȶ΢ģҸ˵ĵҲԿȺ̵һ֡
˵ǿҲȺʵ

ı־֮𣬴Ⱥ𣬶λԪ֮ĳ֣Ҳĵ̸ǿʢһٵ춨˳ĵλ۷Ⱥʵ
ͩûκγɵػشԸϹȺһ㹻ˡ
ܺãѡ񲻻ԿͬʱȺҲһżõ㹻ĻͲȺףȺǲǵġ͵˵ȻȺظ˽˽вƲȶԣȺϲΪȺش׵˲š
վĸ߶Ͽ飬ǵԼϵôǳҪվȺ߶ȥǡ
ÿһλ۶Ҫء
ͩؾλû㱨ۣȻ뿪۹ͬʱ˳ռ䡣
֮飬Ͳͩˡ
ֻͩҪȵٿؾ֮õľ޶֮Уֵһ档
ҪСһ棬ͩӽ֪ؾĿһ£һ棬Ҳֵʮ˼ϵɱԵõɱ
ڵġ
ȻͩԼĻõʮеΣ˵ûͩʧҲûнνĵòʧˡ

ڵͩƷ˾ųɵ棬ʵϣռı˿ɴˣؾֵģֻӱϵģֲҪԼʽȥŰ׼һ档
ֺ£֪Ľ
ͩŹ絽棬˴澰һҲûзŹܿ죬һξǴȥˡ
֮գֻвµʱˡ
ʱҲʱϵҲμӻˡ
ԭֻǵԪ½һ壬ڼ嶦ʢʱڣеİֲ࣬Ҳλϡ
رҳһλʷǿӶᣬΪĴ֮ҵĵλβơֻͻҾͽʽΪԪ½Ķ֮һ
ңڵԪ½֮ϣ˭ףҳΪȻ㲻񣬵ȴûļСңϾͬΪҲǿֵ֮ġ
ţһͻƣҲεǿߣЩֻµҪǿöࡣ
ҵıվӶȻ˸ӡ
Ȼ赲Ҳֻоˡ

̨ڵԪ½棬磬ڰսϡ
ԣιμıͼ࣬ͬݵĴžͲǧˡ
ׯ԰ռؼ󣬼ͨİ뿤֮ء
˵ׯ԰ʵһӴ󵽼ĳУ쳯ĵ۶ԶԶ磬ҲǼΪֺͷ
סеˣԴҵˡ
ֻǷյĳУǽΧֻмڶѡ
ͩΪμӻбͣȻǴϴŽ롣
ϣϷΪ
Ҵţһ㶼
ͬʱԶʱڣͥŻҲΪ
ʱׯ԰ѾȾһɫϲɫʣǰž޴ϲַŵƽʣŴվڵļλ˶¶ϲЦݡ
ͩŷׯ԰ǰ¡
ҵ˼ˣӭ˹ʵλͣ
ͩӴָ֮УȡԽԼ
ϸһƣ̶ˣΪģı͵ˣ˲רޱȵذͻ˻ȥλԺСȥӡ

ʱ̲ŴӴŶżһڰǰӭͩ
ӭֹٺᣡӭ˹ȥȭ
Ȳμ޺ҵļλ񶼹ޱȵسͩ
ȻֵͩܣȻĳȴҲҽͩн֮Уһ㶼Ǹġ
˶ˣֹվĴϲ֮գĳգҪڸ߶ˡͩȭһֽܹҷˡ
ԭɩˣĳˡҲΪͩ죬Ȼһλ绨ķˡȻҲֻЩȶѣͩݵλҪûо飬ǲŽء
绹
ּˣֹ٣԰룡Ͻص
һ߽ׯ԰
һһʹ֮Уֱ¡
һ֮Խͩ͵᷿ס
֣ͩӣӢƾľ׵ȼҲˣҲסϣĳΪͩӷϴΪͩźסҲ͸ǶȥˣϾǣӭĶˣʵæòɿ

ҹͬһȺžһΪͩӷϴͩϹսͬĶ֮УȴΪ
Щôĸô۸ڶҲò֮ͩĵһˡǿߣЩҲòʾ𾴺塣
ȾƳ̸һҹôȥˡ
ȵĶƣǰҲ
˶ȵʣΪˣҲǾˣԻطϢˡ

˼գڵӡ
ϣͩڹ̺֮£һװƽͩĴŶΪٴʽϵװ
ͩװеʣȻǲͬ졣
˷ţԺܼңӭүˣСķү֮ڴ˹򣬻үСĵϯ
·ɡͩ˵
ǣСܼҹޱȵ˵ԭΪĹܼң½ϼȨƵڽ죬ǿߣȴǲ˿֮֮ˣȻһλ߸ϵǿߣֻǷ˵ҲзĿˡ

һλˣүͬ
ͩŹֳⳡ̫׳ˣⲻǰǧ⣬ʮϯ
֮ˣＸʮ֮࣡
ԵԪ½½С
ֳͩ˸Ľķ˶飡
ĽĻʯ顣
ϼ;Ʒƽʮ

ͩƬ̣ЩһϵĴ͵Ķ
ΪƷߺôʵϣּȻʵľƷƽ𼶵߽Ǿרִ֮ɵġ
ƷƽߣҲǶģͬʱҲϵĲܹƷƷ
ߣܶһЩʹá
ͩ룬׼ļֺ֮һ֣ݸҵܼҵִ飬ĳҲûбʾݺ°ɡ
ܼҽӹһˣݸ˷Ը֮󣬡ү롣
ȥˡ

㳡֮ϣϯʵϣֳ˼򣬰ӽϯ̨ĵطϯλȻԽҪ
ͩϯλ֮һľ׵һͬһ
ʱ򣬾ӭ޺ͨ鱦
ҲȵõĲٱ͡
еΪͨ鱦ھȣҪ֪ڵԪ½һͨ鱦ԳΪһҾȻյͨ鱦ĺܲ˾ȣ
еȴΪ޺ֶȡ
֮Ϊˣֻ֣һ־ͨλɷҲһ־λһ־ǣ߼ϵǿߣʸ֮ΪǷǿߣ棬綼һϯ֮ء
ܹ͵ͨ鱦ġүȻǺһ
ҵĸ߲ͩȻ͵ͨ鱦һ;Ҳ⼴ϲңֻͨ鱦ķɳ֮ǰһͨ鱦ûС
ͨ鱦ȻǿıԵϼ֮ڡ
ͩͨ鱦˵ڳбֱ֮ʡǶľסƾӢ˶ҲһЩͨ鱦ıٸ߼ıʮֳˡ

Ͼǲͩӵۺңʦ
ǵҲʮ־޴ģܹ͵ͨ鱦Ѿ൱御ˡ
ڿʼǳ֡
ķˣһͨһŮӣȥţʲǼĽ
Ҳѹ֣ʱյĵλҲҪԼĵλԼǿʵ
൱¡أõǴͳصʽС
ͺݹһ٣ֱӱ̧˶¡
ڶ죬Ϊȥľ磬Ӿ֮˹ׯϵشһ֮󣬿ʼҼʽ
ͷϷǰμΪ˼֤һ̶
ҵѾƲɵҪע֮󣬽ִƼʱԪ½ȦʲôӰ졣
ϾһµĶ𣬱Ȼµ䣬֮Уʤ̭˥棬䡣
еƶеû䣬еٲеɹ


398  
磬Ӷ֮ׯ԰֮Уﻨ㣬
ͩΪλ֪֮ⷨ
μϯ֮Ѿֹ꣬ͩסڸУרĲ
ͩıһֱڱչ״̬ɵ
ڵԪ½ֵⷢżؾȻ֮ܿУôûн
ʦ˵һεؾΣնȲСջķᡣӦԶĳһŵַ
ַ˵ż֮УߵεһżһżΪսйеַ֣̳̺ļֵ󡣴󵽲ɹ˵ż֮еõĲٹ֮ĸּ򣬾൱оֵ
ںЩûеļ֮˵Ʒ֮ϣоʮƷߵĿ
ż෢չʷϣֻÿһʹĿƼõһηԾԵķչ
˵еõɱ֮ıǴҪġ
Ȼͩռһɵ棬ԣһͩҲõһɱ

Ȼżڿ֮Уͩܵõ棬δ֪֮
ΪչأǷȺɱûϽ
ȺҲûΪ¶ߴͩ
ֻǱ֮еæˡͩҲоǱѾҪˣΪѾоϵľ޴仯
Ϊɣ
ͬˣܱ֮Ϊɡ
ͩչ꣬ˡ桱ľ͡񡱵⾳
ʽͻƵɾ硣
ڽⷨͩȻ֮ӿֳһϵƣƼǿߵ֮֮ӸС
ȼŮһ漴оһεѹѹԴͷȻԼҷ
㣬ôˣ࿴ʵ
ӣȻүͻĳһ硣÷˵
ƣͷ·һ㣬ޱߡӿڵ
ƣǲصƣѵүͻ𣿡նȵؽе
ᣬүͻɾҪﵽ磬ͱ˥֮ٲСڻشΪ޵Ҳɵø˽ɵй̡

ͻƣҲ˷ϵͻƣǲɱġ
ɾ磬ִĵȼʾǾ׼
ʿ۷Ҫǿ󣬵ֱƵһЩ
ܵ˵ɾ磬ʵսӦĵʮŲ㵽ڶʮ㣡
ĸ㼶۷ͨһɽ׶Ρ
ҪԽޣֻжɹ˵һ˥
ȻͩȻɾ磬ʵԲڵ͵
ͩжǿͩԼҲ׼ΪѾкܶûкɱˡ
Щţرʦݣʹͩûл˶֣ټⲿۼǿߵѹҲʹͩûлֽͬ档
οͩǷȺɱûƣȺ߲ҲͩܡҲȱͩôһս
ܹͩȺʵ
ۺأͩıһ뿪ǵˡ
ͩķ֮ȥľȥġ
ͩҲҪֻڵȺͻƣƷͩõ֮󣬾ͱ硣
Ѱ䱦Ǯڡ

ͩķһеɱװԶľ磬ǷֻаΪҲԲС
ЩӣҿҪҲ֪ã֮мŬر㣬磡е񶼽ȥҪҲõȵɹ֮޵ԪʱôܾôܡҪҶٷˣ𣿡ͩ
ǣӦ
ǣү˸Ѿͷڻش
ͩԸ֮󣬱ޡ

ǣͩɹؿɾ磬ӴԺƽĴڣ״̬ҲͩоųУͬʱҲظоԼ˥١
һǧô죡ͩ̾
ͩڤڤ֮У֪Լĵһ˥پһǧ֮ˡ
ɵʿɾɾʱǸо˥ٵģͬģͻƲɾһ޷һӶῨɾ
һɵʿɾôʹŴѾƽˣ״̬֮£ڰ񾳽ʱ򣬻ҪһЩ
ͬģɾʿԴϾͻһУǾ˥

ʿɾʱ˥֮٣ͻݴ˵Ϊһ̶ʱ䣬Ȼή¡
ⲻ˵־Ϊתƣһ£˥ٽٵʱ֮ڡ
˵ͩ˥پһǧ֮ͻή£ӴԺÿһǧ꣬ͻһ˥ٽ¡
൱Ҫġ
˥һαһǿɽ֮˵ʵȻ䣡
Ҫ󣬴˵ٶȣҪ˥ٽʱ
Ȼط˥ٽٵʱ䣬ֻ屶ʱ
Ҳ˵ͩطӣֻѡ
ʹˣ˥ٵʱʮꡣ
ҪͩҪʮ֮ڣ۷۵ĲΡ
ֱǿѣ
ӣʱҪͩ۷۵ľ硣
ѹ֣ʱɵ˻ôϡ٣ѵ̭ĳ̶ȡ
ʮ꣬һͨôʱ䣬ܹǰһˡ֮ҪɾԾ벽޵ľ硣
ûôٶȣǱȻģ
˼ʿһ꣬ʮҲգ֮䣬ܿôʱ䣬һ޷ĲΡ

Ȼ˥٣ÿɹһ˥٣ʹľԽҲԽףٶҲԽ졣
ͬʱÿһ˥٣ʿ볬֮ԽʵҲԽǿ
֮Ҳбס
ƻûб仯죬ԭģڿһֱǱչصĻпܻ˥֮µģͩףչؿޣٶȻͩаһǧǰ֮ɹһ˥٣Ǻļε˥٣۲ǳ顣
ͩ룬ռ䣬ҵ˽
ڶͩʵôˣʲôϵ⣿
ʦѾɾˡͩ˵
ô죿޵ĲɵҲ˽ɵ裬ĵһ˥ٺʱ٣
һǧꡣͩʵش
ϧɵѼطǳһ㣬ֻǰεطĹ׶ȣȫһӼʱ䡣ü˵
ԣΪһֱ֮оޣҲѰ·һ֮ǿۣԱɽ١ͩ˵

ȥʵ
ֻս֮ϣ֮أͩش
Ҳգ˥ڼȺǲȥյģ£ͽʦ졣ԣ·װӣȻȥţҲţͨ㡣˵
лʦͩȭл
ս֮ϣҪС£мǱȫΪһҪ񡣡
ʦģ˥գǶɲҲս֮ϣΪȺ㻹ۡڰȫ⣬᲻֪ͩͷӦ
ţֻҪСһЩǡȴ֪ͩؾ֮еĿֲսͩʵ൱ĵġ
ֻҪͩ¶ݣս֮ϣͲǿҷġ
ͩȥ֮̽˼ŮһȻͨ촫ջ˷
ͩӷȡɱɱս֮Уܹǿͩ弸ʵܵʱ
ͩʼ׼ҪıҪʣ˵ҩҪ׼һġָԪõġǿΪõġʵõĵȵȡ

˼죬ͩȥ˵ˣѾˣݻɱֱɹɹ˥Ϊֹͬʱǰ˥ٵط
ͩӹطȫ¡
ͩĴ֮Уûм¼طԣطҪͩԼȥռڴȺǱߵõǰٵط
ͩһ£طͩʱ䡣ܱûҪǿö࣡ͩɲƫִԴطﲻã
ͩȷʵԼģ༸ʱ۲Ǹһʧ
Уݣ磬½׸ĸ˫СһռɢӴ˽֮ʮؿȻǧ꣬۷ľ硣Ϊƿٳ޷ľ磬սңϣܹлٽһΪͩܵ
ݣȻ±ģǾ鱨ŵϣоݿɲ飬ôһˡͷݱǣֻڴڼ䣬ҪıսԼñ¶ʦݡѵ

ͩ̾һ鱨ŵĸЧʣżѣŪôһݳҪ֪һ˵Ǽ򵥣Ҫһǧݣȴһ൱顣
ǣˡͩͷӦ
ܺãȥɣϣҳصһ죬ܹСӻšɵ˵
лʦӸˡͩͷ߳˽ĸۡ
ͩ뿪ãǰȻһӰ˲Ǳˣۡ
飬˵Сܴܲأ̾
Ҳ֪˵һԣֲʦǰ˵ѡ
֮ʿɾ֮󣬾ͻһĸʱڣɹʣԶɵǸֱޱȣֱȡҲˣ֮Ÿưɣ۸̾
ʵϣҲȷʵˣһɾߣɹأ̶̼ʮ֮ھܹΪﵽڵľ磬˵൱̬Ľٶȡ
һ˵ĳɹųǧͬʿ˥֮¡ʹ˲пΣҲ赲׷۷ʿǰ˺̵ش·
ЩɹʿÿһǷΪСԺľ֮ѡ


399  ̤ս
ʿʼһ۵ĲΣƽҲҪǧڸꡣ
ɵʿɺʱ䣬ɾƽֻҪʮѡң꣡
мĲຣȥˣ֮ȵľ˥֮µĳ伸ʡ
ʱͬˣǰ֮ʱ׷Ĵ۷塣
ʱʱûĸݳ޵òȱȫɵһȻųɾŵĸֳ
ԸʱȥۣϵԼҵ̣Ҳݳ˷ѡΪÿһλ񣬶Ⱥ˵һʲƸ
رЩСȺҲȫ嶼ֻмλҪϰɵ˥֮£ʧȥıӻпܱūۺ塣
磬ȻԾŴ󳬼ΪʵϣռĲŴ壬Ⱥ
ټͳεʱоᳫʽԼʷء
ԣȻȻͱС

ͩͨ·Ȼתһ֮ĵ뿪ǣ˷֮С
һµıͩɹؽ˰ս
һ޾ƺ֮ϵľ͵졣
ϣž˵ԴλȴǴĽ紦ԣͳΪսĵߡ
Ϊ˴˲֪ٴΣնûзֳʤͱٳɱ߾սΪĶ֮
ҲѰĵرͬʱҲڱ˴ɱšĸȺѺȺɳ˲սһ
ö֮ͳ˰ս
Լ׳ɵĹأһ£ǲǿΪµʿֵġ
໹壬ڵ޽Ӵķأפر
չκҪϵ඼ԶСݣͿڵжκö˽С
ͬʱΪսϵͳԭ򣬻ϲͬӪɱ顣
ϵ֮˸ΪʵصԻһѫָ꣬겻ָͱ뿪

磬½½֮䣬޾ƺƺ֮£һеޣЩ޶൱ºͣһ㶼ƺˡ
һӴķɴƺ֮Ϸţӷǰսɴ
Ϊͩҷɴϡ
ɴ֮Увɢ޺ŵľӢ֣Ҳܹ֮࣡ϷɴʿΪҲǰ
ɢΪԴĥʵЩžӢΪ
֮еţһЩгɵɢһһطչŷչ׳
Щʼܹʵţҷչ׳ǿʵӹɵġ֮Уһ϶ǴȺս֮϶ġ
ܹʶ֮УೣȺĸǿߣܹ۳ÿһǰսľӢ
ЩŽ֮󣬺ͷһΪȺս
ܶµӣΪȺ˫ӮЩŻٵǲһЩµӵս֮ϡ
ͩϼ壬պǷչ׳Ҳᱻ

ɴϵĹtۼ˲ﻥͽϢ
ʶƨʶҲڻչԼ
֮tոĳΪ˹ؽʵĳǵĹ۾ҡ
ͺʯͬʦֵܣǶ˽֮ڵľӢһνǶֻҪһܹۣͻ֮λ
ʦ֣Ҵһ£ҷɴһǧǲΪĸǰȺսҷɴĹﻹסһЩǰʯ˵
񰡣Ⱥս֣ǿɵСӦԣЩ죬£˶ͬһʵ

󣬷ɴִĿĵء
𾴵Ĺ˿ͣɴ䣬׼´֮У֪ͨ
ͨңһֻ֪ͨҪǿӲһЩ
ͩˬվˡС仯֮ͩΡòϢһˣͩţҲͩı仯֮
ͩʹõıҲһѣһͩȺ֮жһеɱɽɺ罣
ѽɴСʹ֮ʱڿз֮ʱϢҽҪ죬Զͷ·һɺ硣

´տڣڿɼʮͬʱ롣ͬʱ´˲࣬ͩɨһֻۣмʮλѣ⼸ʮʿȫǿߣ
ֻˡ
λˣϷħȭһͷ췢Ĵҽܵ
ǽսѣСһͷĹӸȭЦ
Ӱλˡͩȭ͵
Ѫɱһɱ˽ܵ
һϱһͺ񱳵˻ص
ڳ֮Уֻλͨ񣬶һ˻ܣûȥһš
Ϊ˫Ĳ༫󣬸һȦˣ𿴶кʽʸûС
λսѣϷһˣ룡ħȭ˵ͷ˲š
Ҳһ˷ɴ
λ´֮󣬲ֵ´
ɴ֮Уռݾ˿İʿǣֻܴڳڣȴ´Ȼ٣ɴ֮ϣϰٸͬʱΪѡ
ڣֻܾصȵ񼶱ǿǾ´֮󣬳ڲŲŻ򿪡

ͺʯһĽؿŴ½´Ӱ
ʦ֣ԺҲЩǰһǿ󣡡ʯȭ
ģǴ֮һܹͻƳΪ񡣡ʹ˵ܹðžһΣȺս²Ϊ񣬸ΪѰߵͻƺͳԽ
ȺսȻΣգǿߵķܹȥˣǿ֮еǿߣ
ٷ֮ʮϵ˻ųȥ֮󶼻˳ͻưͻƾ磬Ϊµ
ﱻһΪȽĺոۣܹǧҴͷɴ
ͩ˸ݿոԵʾ˸ۿڣһվ
վΪ˼Щ¼սǷūۡ
ȻлпܱˣҲ˵
ֻҪūۣôһǱսҲᱻսϵͳӡ
ū۵ѾȫûңΪȥҲһüͷʹսϵͳţЩļһҲûʲôá
෴ģҪһߣҪӴ۵ģս֮ϣһֻԵġ
ȶԣɱ̫ߡ
ңҲɵӣ֪ɣôܻȥ

ң۷ȺΪȺеһԱĽǳǻ壬ǳ֮һ֮£۷ȺǵУ۷ȺУҲƽȵġҪ򣬱ͺѡ
ӭλߺŻأλԾͨ졣վľȻ񵶺ļλʦ֮һ
񵶺Ҳһλʵǿǿߣ򰲼վͲЩĸֵҡ
һ洬һˣȫ֯ɢޡòϸһЩΪ˵̾Уǳӡ
վȻֻһţšʮ񣬿ͬʱܼ顣
ͩλܿͨ˰졣
λѣˡ񵶺˹кϾͬȻ֪ʵΣҪػҪеġ
񵶺Ҳǹ¹ѡħȭɲŷ
ӦõģϾҲϣϸش
С顣
ûϵ
ˡ
ͩ˿ػص

λɡ񵶺ͩλ˵
񵶺ͩͨ˼Զȣһռسʮƺ
֮Уɽ˺Ҳʮ֮ڣ
д󲿷ֶǷ壡
ͩ˾ȵǣôȫĴڣ
ʮǺεȿµһȺ
ֻӪһضѡ
Ļأ㳬һٸ
Ⱥս֮ϣ˶ôǿһ
ͩҲǳʶˣ⻹ײ㡣
ͨεģࡣӴÿ齨ˡ
⻹ֻӪţս
Ҫսǹģ֮ͩҲ޷ó
ֻܸͩ̾磬Ȼͬһ㡣
սһȣǸһȺϴܣʲô㡣
պȡһЩսԼһͬʱҲһӴĺڻأԽǵһ󡣡񵶺߽߱ܵ
һЩǿע⵽ͩˣҲֻһۣûᡣΪÿ궼һ˲ͬÿҲһۡ

񵶺˴ݽ»أһ칫ǰ
λɡ񵶺š
ɡڴһ
񵶺Ŷ롣
⼸λĵѡ񵶺
öˣλߺŻص߳٣֮˵Ҳ˶ԱǳİûйϵҪǣ֮ǰػصĹغսĹ򡣡˵
ȣǿѡǵһгɱߣǼţţʵ
ѡһħȭ˵
ҲѡһѪɱڻش
ѡšش
ѡСش
ͩڻشҲѡС
ܺãǵս¡ǽ֮֮ǰ뿪֮ǰսͬʱҲǵľررߡڽ͵
ս֮ϣϵͳΧֶﶼʧЧԴս֮ϣΨһͬ飬оԮͨѶ
ͬʱҲϵͳŦԶ¼ͼͬʱҲԼɱĹߡ
֮ǵϣ´һĹѫָꡣָǱɵ񣬳ˣָ֮ǰǶ޷뿪ս𣿡ѵ
ף˲ҵػش
ܺãھȻӾϵͳ˵


400  ս
ͩ²գ֮飬һϣһ֣ϣսϵͳϡ
ؾʶϵͳϡ
صʶϵͳϡ
Ϣȷʵָ꣬磬Ӱżλ񣬾ָǧڣ
ָ֪ͩǶ࣬١
ˣѾʽΪӵһԱֻҪ뿪죬طǶɽκʣѯǵս¡˵
񵶺ǳȥɡϣܹۡ仰䣬ϵףΪս֮ϣû˭ܹ֤԰ȫս²ǾżĻսҲһ
ھս˵۾õף
ͩ񵶺ȥˡ
ΪаţŻصһλǰ뿪ˡ
񵶺һһ˵кʣѯԼĻ£սϵͳõ𰸡һ䣬òҪһ͵жѡһЩսӣϤһĻѰԴģҽǿԴ̨һһԴֲͼȻҪһġԵõҪõһУǹɱһǰᣬǾ㹻ľ

˼»£иˡ񵶺˵뿪ˡ
һվڵ¥һʱ֮䣬˭֪ô
סͩսʵ
Ǹ߽֮Уһ׷ΪϢҡսʾߺŻصĴŵͼΪͩڣͬʱϢֻʮѾסȨʮ֮ÿһշѡͬʱ֮УṩʣܸȫĶӭӰѡ񡣡
ͩһᾹȻҪշѣ
ʾһݾͩҪ˽һ£һϢˮƽǶ٣Ҫ֪Լǧڵָѻǲѡ
õģˡ
սͶһϵͳǷֳ֣һԵ£һϡֻҪ˽ϵĲ־Ϳˡ˵꣬ͶӰķʽһ
һһ

񣬶ʮ
ļ񣬶ʮ
弶һǧʮ
ǧʮ
߼񣨳
˼нʮ
ż񣨸߽߰
۷ָΪûгԽżˮ׼ʵȴȸ߽Ҫǿһεǿߣǿߣɱһǧľ
޵ָΪûгԽżˮ׼ʵ۷Ҫǿ󣬼Ͻ޵еǿߡɱһڵľ

ͩһҪĸоǧڵָ꣬ȻһĶ࣡
Ҫɱİٶʮ޵ܴճӴָꡣ
ͩ۵ģǿľҪˡ
Ҫ֪ս֮ϣ׳֣˵֡Ϊһ֣ʹս൱ء׵ǿȵս
ԣս֮ϵǿ߾Щ޵
ս֮ϵ޵һûİһ⡣
ʹô֣ҲԲ̫ࡣЩ޵һһżǿʵʹ򲻹Ҳܹӡ
ָ֣ͩҲҿ˵Լһܹսʤοնɱ
˵ʵôӿޣҲû˶ˡرǳ֮󣬸ûٶ֡
ͩҲ֪ԼʵǴĸεġ
Һãͩսģָ񣬲ͩĿ֮ڡ
ʱ˵ͩż̿սþ
ͩҪҸսӣϤһսĻ
ͩûżѡ񣬶ȥһԼᣬһһһ׷ܵһǾ԰ȫ

̶µʱȥˣͩҲϤ˻صҲһЩʶʶһЩѣսϵҲһ˽⡣
ͬʱҲӵһ˥ٽٵط˳ؽ˵һ˥ӵ֮
ͩһ˴Į̇һƣԼӦüĸսӺһЩ
ʱͩʶһλͨӭ˹λͨǳʵΣͩͩȴ֪һڲżãϢҲ൱ͨͨȴࡣ
٣ԱҲһݣһͨԾưɰ̨ķԱ˵
Ӱ㲻Ҫս𣿡ͨͩЦһ
ʲôõĽ𣿡ͩ΢˫ۣ˻ʵ
ս֮ϣսĿԴӶҪö࣬ԣҪսҪһʵĬҪмߵս澭顣
һоսӣǹ̶ģˣ齨սӣѲСûаȫϣսսʼߡ
ͩһֱûҵսӣҲ
̵սʨ޵ĺľɱԱλֲӻ˻أˣ˵ЩӣҪѪȥһԡ̵սӵĶӳһ࣬ȥˣ˸󡣡ͨش

ͩôߺŻػ£˽һЩ
̵սǻս֮УҲǼΪһսӣ֮оˣ߽ռ֮࣬ӳ̵һ۷
̵սӵսնɱһ۷ǿߡ
Ϊնɱһ۷׵顣
Ϊ˸߽֮ҪףҪնɱѶȾԻϷٱǧ˵һ۷ˡ
ûͬλ۷ǿΧ޵Ҫɱһ۷ǲܵġ
սսӵĻҲսӵĺôǾǶǿǱĳһǿսӣˣǸʱֻһˣܲû֧Ԯ൱ر
ĺôǿ󣿡ͩʵ
޵Ȼų޵У˵ǿǿͨͩһ˵λĺӵеɱ߼֡ǿ棬ǿᣬǿֲݺս꣬պա
ֻˣλ޵һ¶Ȼܻϴ̵ǰѵ̵սҲȥˣͨһת˵

ս֮ϣ˱ٳΪսս֮⣬в׵յأЩطȻ֣ȴʢĵر
ѰӪǿߣһ㶼ЩյΧ
ԣΣճ̶ȡĵر̶ȡֻȵȻֳˣͨսһսսսصս
ͨսһ»ԼŴսսࡣΣճ̶Ҳ͵ģһİ񶼻ԾЩ
ȥŵǿߣȥľͨսȥգֻҪסзǿߣǳֶԸµսʿˡ
ְλÿй̶ľ룬һս۴ʤ֮Ҳоžֳɣ൱ġ

һսͨսһЩڰսӺͰ߻Щ֮Увٶ԰ΪĵرżһЩ
ս;ӢŻƬ򣬿ԼİţͨǣҲʤ١
սҪˣƬȻٲһЩ˵ҲǼΪѵõĵرͬʱսĻͱȽ϶Ӻˡ
صս۷޵ȾߺŻظһصսĵر꾧ҺԴ꣬żá׼ƷƷ֮ĵر
мУ򵽣ͩɵйҲͬûеõĵر
һӵд˱ˣԼʹãҴ˱ºͣΪԿظʹãֱĳ̶ȲŻʧȥЧá
ԣǿߣû˭ɵ꾧ҺԼʹˡ
֮ͩԻᱻ䵽ߺŻҲǽرŵģΪֻȲ꾧Һ

·ɣȥԡͩ˵
ãɡͨǳͩ뿪ˡ
ֻͨһмʵԶˣҲԼʵս֮ϣֻܶս»̵ܹԴޡȴԽʶȺǿߣرǿߡ
еʱҲһʵ
û㹻ܹ磬Ϣͨ
Ժ֮԰ƽķչ׳֮УѶˣµ߼ҪԸҲ˼ɡ
˴һڲϢǰ˵Ϣңʵռ൱ɹ۵ĶϢһ㶼ǳսʹõģҲΪսṩ൱ķ
ͨϢҴԵ塣
˭ԱߵͨѶһ
ңͨͨش
žˡ
ͨŶ룬ͩһ߽Ϣҡ
ŽȥһƣԼڷŸҩС
̵λӰΪǸ߽زãһֱҪһʵսӡô̵ҪһЩʵ˼룬Ҿʹˡͨ΢΢һЦ˵

Ŵ̵ʿɢޣ̵ͩҲ࣬ԭŵҲһЩ
սȷʵؼԱսӳԱ֮УشҲһЩԱҪۡԣŻϵͨϢͨ·æϵһЩǿ߼롣
ǿߣȻ벻ģϾǳҪǿöࡣʿɢޣ˸߽ľ磬ʵԱͬʿҪǿһЩ
ͩʱ仹̫̣ûз֣ߺŻصֻ࣬ռҡЩǿߣйвٶսӶӳ͸ӳ߾Щǿߣһ㲻սӡ
ԣ̵ܹͨͩ൱ġ
ͩΪܸ߷ֱ棬żλ񣬾׳Ƶĸ߽һսҪˡټָ࣬ӷġ
ɢޡͩش
һΣս⵽شֵֵشޣҪѪԸ͸ãôӭļ룡̵Ӧ൱ɴ࣬ɢǿһʵҪʿǿһЩ


401  ĥ
ô򵥣ֵͩʵΪҪһʲôġ
ǺǣӰΪҪôѣսϵͳս֮ϣֵεսѡͬ壬ʵ㣬ֻ߽ܼҵսӣȻٺòˡңҲɢޣҲΪʲôֵñƵĵط̵Ľ൱ȷ
ллͩ˵ͩҲ״̵ǿͬķϣˣҲָ˼С
Ļ±ţսжʱһ֪ͨ㡣̵˵գͩսµͨѶ롣
ͩȥϢˡ
죬ͩŽӵ˴̵֪ͨᣬȥ̵Ｏˡ
̵ͩıʱ֮Ѿˡ
̵վڽܵˣһҲˣҸǽһ£Ӱ
ڳ˽վͩ˵ͷ͵һк֮ȻǱʾ˼
ǺáͩͷӦһҲûаڼӡˣʿȫǸ߽
Ƕӵҩʦ̵ָ֮ΨһŮܵ
ԭ˹ż̵һ˵
ٲ̵ֽһ˵

̵ͣͣ˵ʣµλҲ¼Ķѣҽܰɡ
Ѫһʦһװɫŵһµ
̩̹壬ֺ̩ĸߴ׵Ĵ˵
⻹ǱСԵʣӸߴ
ܺãλСӵĶЭϵͳڿʼǾǶˣλҵĶԱҪҪҵָӣûɣ̵˵ţͩ˴̵ҪʣͬͩҵǴƽȵλãҪһء
ǸȺʵĵλϵĲƽȴ
û⡣ͩͷ
û⡣λȻҲ⡣
˼СӶЭϵͳʶ̽£ʾСӶڵķλֱʶÿһλѣԶҲԡ
ͬʱϵͳã֮ϵСӵÿһˣԸطӳÿһ˵ʵ
ˣж̵СӴرڣ뿪˻ء

뿪ʮ֮󣬴̵ӽָ֮ȡһͨCɴʡ˷ʱķ
ڻеɴǷ֮УΪͨ÷ɴֵǮ
߰ɡ̵˽ɴֱӿԶʻܡȻ˷ɴһҡ
ϴר½綩Ƶһɴ·SϽɣȷɴķҪǿǧԵֵĹ¶ơǿԷϢ˵
һӲãԾͲȥ̫ΣյˣǾսԨΧתתɡ̵˵漴СӵĶϵͳԨսͼ
ͩ鿴ŵͼԨսԲռǧ߰ʮڹʢϧʯͲϡ
˵Ԩʵһ޴أԽӽ룬ξԽͣ͵ĿԴﵽ
Щϴ඼Ľ׵Ĳϣ˵൱вɼֵġ
ɴ£ŵԨΧ
̵˷ɴպ˷ɴֵ֮ڿʼҶϵͳͨѶ磬𣿡
ס˶ϵͳͨѶشġ

˹Ͻˡ̵кһ
ףӳ˹óһʼֳװװٶȷǳ죬һˡ
Ȼ˹ñװŽ䱳˱ϣʼҵ
ⲻǽռле۹źαװǣĲԹߺܷӦ״𣿡е
ͩĳʶҲǳԨҲϳЩƼߵȻЩȻƼߣѾȫռˣ㲻ϻͺšǣȻܹͨԼĸװǲһʹá
٣˹־ս˻죬뷴ҪģֻȷֵˣռݾԵơ򣬾ʵǿҲ֮ա͵
ʵⷽļҲû⣬ṩһ鱦ȫ״оȽ״ܾ֮ǰ壬ʮͺţһ裬ֻǼ۸̫󡣡
˹װ״ĳЩܹﵽȫһ͵ܡǼ۸ȴֻ֮һҲҪþһֱⶩ̵˵

Բ֮ڣûκη֣ǿԼˡ˵
߰ɡ̵˵
˳ͿշУ֮ѾԨһ·һҲûͬӪսӡ
ףзˡڷ˵зĿꡣ
٣Է״ûȽ濴Է˭ٲ˵
ˣȻǿʨսӣΪֻһϢе
ĺʵ̫ǿ뱨ҲˣÿʨսӵҲǻƽʨĸ߽ɵòġ
ʨսӣԱҲˣ߽ˣнˣһ£ǵ콻ʣµ߽ӰԸһ߽ֺ̩һסһɱЭ󡣰ٲӦʣµĿꡣûУ̵򵥵زһ˵
Ȼ˵һЩ򵥵սЭӦͻ״
Сʱ󣬴̵սǰĿǰǰ档
Դݲ󣬲һЩһ󷨡
Ŀ֮󵽴λãĶ㣬һʣµ˺һ̵˵

һμ
̵ͨСͨѶ
̣нԲͬʱ˵˵ķɴϡ
ɴȻɴڱըͬʱߵݹͬʱݳΪͷߴٹľޡ
ɱɱ磬ͷޣ̬죬ǿ
̵¶壬һͨɱĳͷƽʨӵԴһ¡
𡪡ʨӺɱ˲䷢
̵һŤһգ˲䴩͸һͷƽʨӵԴ
ƽʨӲҽһʧ8ӴΣʱˮһɡ
ͩĶʿҲһͷӴľޣͩû¶壬ʹһͨ鱦ɽķ
ͩõɼͨϣļ֮£ӳɽɱ
ʿ˲㱻˰˽ʧ10ϣʵۿۡ
֮£ƽʨʿȷʵҪǿö࣬ɱһȻʧͩͨ鱦˲ࡣ
Ҳջ񣬵һռƣ󷨡
˸ιâ𣬷ס˷Բ֮ڵĿռ䣬һı֮֮С
̵սӵĳԱػӰ죬ԷܵǿҵӰ죬ٶȴ

ģҼǿܷɡ̵ԷǿĶӳսɽ֣ʱڻκβ˶Է
ҲȻռϷ磬һʱҲֲʤ
ֻаٲһ˾Ͳס˶ԷλнȻǺǿϾǸ߽Ͱٲ֮£зһнΣʧﵽ20ңҪֲ֧סˡ
ңͻȻеΪʱѪźǿ󣬲ûɡ
ֻλϰٵӰֳһϸӰͷнΧͷнÿ3ٶȷ½
ĶҲȣȴ
ͩ󷨵İ֮£ںԶڡѵս
ͩһ£гһͨ鱦ɽʹ˫һĿ겻ʿܴأʵʮһн
ͷܵͩͻȻһܴأʱˮһ롣
ʱͷӡܴʧһ룬ʵˮ˾ųɡ
ã̵ͩһ߽ֳܷ֧ԮˣɵôһãȻֳͩʵʾ⡣

һнڿս֮󣬶̶̼֮䡣
нȻֻˣȼ壬ҪѰٲ;ǵʵ̫ˣȼ壬󷨵֮£֮£ޡ
һн䣬սӿʼб
ͩҪ֣ʿƾǿʵͩķɽƴţͬʱͩ
ͩսˣսȦ֮šÿһͺöһǿֱƻսġ
ʱֹʮӡ
䡪һ죬ڶнس˰ٲȻԱ
һԱҲ൱ǿģ󷨵ĳҲ൱޴ģ󷨵ܹȻɡ
ͶҲԱУը󷨣ΧԻƽʨһҫ֤ȥ֮󣬱Ȼ۳֣㸴
ãɶ࣬Ҹ֮ʡ˵ͩĶ֣ͷޡ
ֻͩɽľѻس˰ٲ
СҪԱٲˣԼٲԼʩһܣ40˺ȻˣɲӲһ߽Ա

ͩʹ֮սԵһˣ׵˳ǧǸ߽ԱҲκβ
ɽصкʿ
һнһ߽Դܴ20״̬֮£״̬֮£Ա֮ǰԱҪǿöࡣ
µǿҲֵǿҳȻƵˡ
ʧʣµĵзսӣֻ߽ʱ򣬲ԼͬԱϵ鱦Ӯһʱ䣬ɢӡ
ͷ׷ս⣬һ£ûͬӪսѻǵˡӰһ׷ɱʨ̵һ׷ƽʨʿһ߰ŵ
ͩ첽һ̤˲ڿʨǰ棬һɽɳɽΪһצ֡
ʨɫͻ䣬˲ֹסΣ֧˷ƣסͩһޱȾֲشеռ˲ƣ޵


402  򽣹
Ϊ޵۷壬ֻһ֮ңĴڡ
ּĸ֣ÿһԿռ䷨ʱ䷨żΪ̵衣ֻܹʹõһЩͨ
˵ռ˲Լʱ
ͨǼΪĴͨռ䷨ʱ䷨֮ı֣Ҳı־֮һ
ڰս֮ϣֻ޵Щ֮ͨ
֮£ռ˲ƺʱ൱ֶΡ
ռ˲ƿκ£ݵȫˣͱ֤ˣÿռ˲Ƶʿܱɱ
ʱ̬ʱ֮£ʩ⣬˶ֻܱذ򡣸£ֻһʱ䣬֮
ͩ첽˲ͨһ׼ȷ˵첽ܹڶ֮̾ڵ˲ƣǿռߵӦá
˲ָͨǴΧ˲ƶĳЩƶٶȷǷĸ˵򡢼ʮľͲǾ룬ֻҪϢ֮һϢܹ֮Խµƶ˲ͨ
˲ͨľԹ㣡
֮䣬ǳɰǧľ룬˲ͨ

Ȼ޵֮У˶ͨ
֮˿ռ˲ƻʱǿߣһ޵޵һռ˲ƻʱ
ΪҪش㣿ͩ˵ϵĶȴһҲ
꣡ͩһУɽڷɳֳѲĹ켣ֱʨ
ܣôܹʹôͨ鱦ʨΪþսȻܺ͸ס彣֮еǲɱ
ʧ̫󣬵ȴѾӲˡ
Ϊʱ򣬴̵Ѿ׷һϢͱ˿ʨĺ󱳣ͬʱſʨС
ʨȶԼԿŴ̵
һ񾳽綼Լ֮򣬿֮ŶԵʱ֮ò󣬱Ͼ򣬶ԷҲУҰ԰粻ͷ÷ġ
ʱ򣬴̵ͷ־ȴ൱ǵѡ֮£˫ܵӰ죬رǿʨܴ£ͩ£ǣѾʧȥܵĿˡ
˲ֱͨһ˲뿪

ɶôʨҲоԼڼطš
ͩʹ߰ѷɽÿһѶͨ鱦ۿʨҪܣᱻ
Ҫ֪鱦ıͬʵıﶼһųԣͩȻܹʹ߰ѷɽֱ˼
ʨȫûƢ̵ͩ
̵ʵȷʵǿĹ൱죬йĴΪóƳ˷
ɱ̵ϵһ̱ͩ߱ɽҪ
ͩʤڼֻѷɽ
ѷɽһ̾߰ѷɽӦ
ʱ۴̵ǿʨͩΪʲôܹʹôɽˣΪŽһ׵ġűɽһһ鱦
׵ͨ鱦ͨ鱦֮ģۼֵͨɱ
Žֹ
ʨͩķɽλУʧٶ4ң֮ǰͩҪʮβɹ
ã̵޵ͩĹǿˣ˿ʨİ
ʨʧܿͳ˰ٷ֮ʮʵ󽵡Ҳӵóͩʹ̵λǿߵΧ

ʨûзֻҪʧûг50ʵܹ־ųɵӣսҲûֻҪʱ̣ͲϿƺڷ񷢷裬·ҪһҪһһʵϣǳ侲ʱ׼ͻΧ
ûд֮ȺݣһᱻдܸǸҲ֮顣
սˣڳ֮УǳɶƵĴ¡ÿ̶²ŻʩһΡ
Ϊȥ񣬶ʩ˵һֳصĸķɻʩˣʵ󽵡
ǵܵصӰ죬ҲڼҲ޷ȶԣ۲εǿߣǵȲȺĴ¡
λٶֻ࣬ҪһܹͻƳΪԪ֮һеֵõġ
һЩ߼壬ȫֻλۣ֮вٶֻһλۣ֮£ûݳ޵˷ѴǿߵȶȥһΪǱҲ޵ġɾѾȫڼԪ֮£ûгѵĿԡ

ȺĳѲһҪĴ£һжλ
ֻгǸȥʩָ¡
Ҳǳ£һ߼幩Լʹֶ֮һͬʱҲ˽ı֮һ
ûд۵м壬˭ұ֤䣿֮󣬾ƶȣ˹׿Իȡ֮е֮۸һЩҪˡ
еĸ߼ҲҪһƶȣΪԼȺı͸ѵķչ
µһ㣬ǿԳѼԪǵĴǿ߿Բϵۻͬ޴ǿĵ̣ԲǸ߼Աġ
߼֮е֮볬ĴҲͬ볬
ʨ䣬ֻҪǱūۣбһ죬ҲΪ֮󣬾ʧȥ˳ѼԪĿܣӴԺǱ󽵡ԪԽ۵ĲΣҲͽڴˡ
ǿʨɻĵط
ʨҪҵͻΧĻᡣ
ʱţʧڽرƽ50ؿ
壬ʧ50ʵͽ½ȫʢʱһɣʧ8090ͻ˯ʱʶͻʧȥֿ׾ͻᱻֿͬ꣬ūۡ

֮Уµģū۲µġ
һūۣͻʧȥңԶʹΪһСԶʧȥ˱Ŀܡ
ʵϣū
Žϲ򽣹棡ͩóˡֹӰ򽣾߾磬ʹɽɱһ˲䱬򱶣
ŽΪһһȻֻ֮Ϊ⣬·һ㣬ڿʨӴ֮¡
ʨԭʣ54壬һ֮£ױ飬ɲǼ½20ӽ˯ٽ㣡
ֿµɱô̵Ҳޱȡ
ôôôǿʲôˣʨغеʱѾȫûͻΧĿˣ˵Ļͻ˯
ǵţһģʨϵʶ˯֮ǰԱˡ
Ա֮ǰһԱнȲϣ˲ͩʹ̵
ñ죬ӰİҲնɱⲡ̵޵漴һת̾κβĺɱһЩƽʨĸ֣ҲΪ˼λѱˡ

ȥæ𣿡ͩʱת˻⣬ףϣ֮սֵ֮ĸ顣սʣŵ˱Ȼޱȵرʹ
̵΢΢һЦܿ͵ת˹ЦأܹɱɱҲûйϵǵջѾСˡرܹնɱһƽʨ۷Ѿ׬ˡ
˵̵꣬ɵ˱ըģѰƬ̣ҵһСɵĶԼһ˫צס
ʨʵ۷֮Уֻܵףͨ鱦ȷʵѵõļƷ鱦رСܣʨҵľ֮ˡ̵˵
߽֮ϵĲΣôֵģͩʵͨ鱦Ȥ
ʱ䣬Ҹһ°ɣ߽Ǿżλ񡣶ܹնɱ߽ĸ֣۷ĲΣ۷ֳַɳСʨӵһ׼Ʒͨ鱦ܹնɱ߽ڳ۷ӵһͨɱ۹м۷Ҿģеľ̾һͨɱӵйһͨɱ۷Ǹ߼۷εĸ֣ʮ߽ҲܹӦԣʵ൱¡̵˵

ͩ˵ͷʾˡ
޵ܹնɱ۷ĸ֣ĸֺܳ󡣻֮Щװǿ󣬱˵һλ߼۷ӵһеɱܹǵȫô˾ܹλ޵Ĳˡֻߣ֮˿ռ˲ƻʱĴ֮ͨߣӵޱǿʵ˸߼ɼӵǿս츳־ӵԶͨΡֻߣ߼У߼еȵȡ̵ͩϸ˵
֮޵Ļַʽкܶ࣬һҪϣǾÿһλ޵ǵõ˫Ӫ۷εĸһ¹ϡң޵ʵ൱ƽû̫Ե㡣
ͩ޵ĸһ࣬ʣͩȻûеõսǵĹϣʵϣԲ޵
ҿӰʵͲңӵɱɽĻʵֱƸ߼۷̵޵Ļͩһнֻͨ
һǿսͨ

ͩԵģʮǿû
ͩ˽ֻͨԽ򱶣ңͩмԶ̾ѻطԶԲ⡣
ͩ첽ŲƣܼǿʵܲˣҲԪռǿķжɱε䱦Ǯһط˵ͩǿ
壬ͩľתѾ˵ڶתͬŰٹӴ壬̺Ҫ߽ͨǿʮҡҲ˵ܹһɱ߽ͨĿ¹ͩӲ԰ʮǲŻΣա
װͩǿͩʦԼͨɱȻͨɱͩ˵Ѿ̭ƷˡͩһнɱԼǿһϵɱ
ƣͩĵƺʣϵɱʮʱ
ӵдͩ򲻹ʱ·
Ȼͩûռ˲Ŵͨӵʮʱͩͬʩչ˲ͨͬҲʩչʱĴ֮ͨ
ֱ


403  
ͨСͨѶ̵֪ˣ˵ĿܵˡȻЩϧǵսӱɵˣˡ
Ȼ˲ˣλнһʮ߽һ߰۷һǧϼǧŰһʮսģʽܾӳɰٷ֮ʮȻٰСϵͳ֮󣬰ͷ䡣
ͩŶӹС֮вߣڵλ
ڶλʦ
ˣͩҲõǧľ
۵ǧָ껹Զء
̵ټСӣȻٶת˷λ
˼򵥵һɽ֮УڳһʱΪϢ֮á
ˣǲŸսһսҶҪϢս̫һǰشϢǡСӶϵͳ죬мǲɳ̵˵
٣ӳѾ󷨣ЧһСϵͳһ
Ŷ֪ҲףҲǲ󷨣һֱܡս֮ϣôСҲΪǰսȺʿУκһʹ⣬пܻԼΪȫӴ֪Σգʱ𣡡

ǳսˣΪһڻ켣ս֮ϵҿԸĸǣսĵһξС̵Ҳڴھļλˡ
ǣӳԾػش档
٣һջ񲻴õϵ鱦ͨ鱦һսǹڡ٣Ҳʹϵɱĸˡֺ̩ĵС֮зԵ
ֺ̩֮ǰõװֻеɱװҲ֮бȽϳ䱸
Ⱥ֮Уϵ鱦Ҳûռÿһλ
ˣԺȫ˵Իһͨ鱦˵ͼ϶ԱˣսʤȻ˳װһϵ鱦
ҪΪͨ鱦ôֵĻɫǶͩԡǿ˵ֻа˳ɲװ鱦ıͨ鱦ĳе鱦һɰӵϵ鱦ʣµĲɲӵͨ鱦ϵı
״

С֮УеıĿϢеСϵͳ졣
ͩһϢһڡʱȻͩҲ˽⵽һЩѰʿ۾
ǵҲǧһңʵǿҲڶѡָͩǧڣǴȥȻ˵ע⡣
Եʱʵͩʱͩһھָ꣬ҲһڶѾȡ
ֻд̵ſͩʵıɽһǣû֣Ȼ
СϢ죬Ȼĵ뿪ʱ뿪֮ǰû˰װʱװá
º󣬴̵Сͨ̽ҵһƷ΢Ϳ
ͩȵĿ֮£̵һöָ֮Уȡһܲɿˣʮ߰ӣڽʮɿ˵İ£ؿ
ˣˡ˷ܵһ߲ͣؽţһ߲󷨡
С˶൱˷ܡ
̵ΪȵЦҲҪ⣬Ԩ֮е΢Ϳͳɵģλǲϱ䶯ġ൱棬κ̽ʦҲҲ֪ܹɼٳ

ֹԨ޵֮ϣ̺ԴͲƸЩƸǱ䶯ģǾͺἯǨ㣬ͣһط·Щһ㣬컯֮ɼһߡ
һҲ֣ҪռƸ֮ԭڡ
һԴأΪߵ󳬼ԼԷ̸УҶĬؿһķΧȻԼΧ
ǵĲƸƶģǾˡ
ΪֵķΧɲƶ
òڣֻÿսҶʸ񵽵̵ܹپ͸ˡ
УҲҪ̫˷ˣ־裬ﶯ̫ˣȻڣѱӵȫ״ĸֳûΪѾսΧˡ̵˵
أͳΪ˰սսһмžפĵطΪ˱һЩԴĿɡ
Ϳƶ΢ͿôƵƶһλҪʮ꣬ʱ䡣
ԽפһʱҲԽ
ưսԴؾ绹в١ǶŴϷ֡
Ŵ֮еռĴ󲿷֣Ȼʽ״𼶷䡣Ŵ󳬼ʵ֮Ⱥ֮ϣҲһΪԴء
һÿͻѡǧŽƵΣ֮иȺУֻǷǳ޷ݳޡ߼壬ҲֻʮഫžӢ

ǧʮ޴ıͿԿžӢǶôԴˡ
ʮɿˣٶȿſʵڲʲôõطƽ̹һ޼ʣҪαװһ¶൱ѣȻˣ˭Ҳұ֤һʧ
󣬴̵ټСӵĳԱ˵ʱ뿪ˣںڵĵطǲܾ졣
ǣӳƷ󰡣ҲѵһƵ˵
ӳҪٴ죿ȻûڣΪˣ˾¾Ҳر⡣Ҫ֪ǻ켣ս꣬ǵһּĿ϶ԱҲ᲻뿪˵ˡ
У̫Σˣڵ²ɿĶСоĸֶ©ܹ죬Ҳ㲻ˣ֪㰡̵侲ؾܾ
ҷϾ̵λӳϻǺģܹս֮ϻڣܹһϵ鱦ܹһʲƵջѾ㲻ˡ
Ҫ᲻ս֮ϵľ޶룬뿪ˡ

Ҫ֪֮ҪٽɾͲ׵ˡ
һνսҪֻ֤ҪǵжԣǷҲܹ֮ҲΪ
һνǳýҲһģֻҪﵽָ꣬ʱۡͬҲѡ
֮Ҫٽɾඡͺû֮ǰҪ뿪죬Ҳǳ˵Ρ
޵֮ΪԴؾΪؾΪƺ֮Уˣǲһռγȡ
Ȼжԣ֮ͬ£ҲֵġԴؾ߾ߵģ
Ȼ⣬ǾȨײ㡣
Ĵ֮УսǾȨײ㣬ԽҲ
ͩҲԳΪȨײ㣬Ҫ֮ҲܹҸɣٻ
Ǽ嶼ǣȨײˡ
ʵ뿪˿ɲǼһˡ
ֺ̩ٲľô뿪Ҫ֪´ʱ򣬿ܿѾʧˡ
ͩʮֵȻΪ׳ϣλǸߣ㲻ϡѰȱ

ڴʱͩһֱϵΣոйۣȻӿͷ
ãСģ͵Ϯ仰ǶģΪͻĹѾΧõķ档
Χľˮ󷨣ûз˲伴ơҺã滹һ󷨣ı͵Ϯɹˡ
СӵĳԱǣ̷Ӧ˹Ѹս׼
ţһ̫ǿǾͻȡɢ˵ķʽ˵ء⣬Ѿͨսϵͳ귢ȥ˵˿ǾҪˣҲõռ˱ˡ̵Ը漴ߵ֮ɫһ䣬һรɣľȻǣ
󷨵ˣֻˣÿһ򵥡ˣվһ򣬳ƷΰΧ󷨡
˭ɫ԰׵ʵõ󷨣֪жǿſԵֵͬǿһ˲⡣þȣʦֻҪʱ䲼ʤǿԹѵڲʲô⡣
ڽһκϻͼƵһˡ
УΧԲ֮ڣ˲Ԥ󷨣ڱ˷ǰ滹ûз֣

ħǺ벻ǶλĶô죬Ҳġһɫ糺쳤۵к
٣ѪݺıҲѷɫ١ħɤޱȡ
ˣôСӣǺɫ˫Ŀ֮͸ѪĹâ
ǵ̸ûбܻ䣬ԾǴ̵СӵҲü
ǺҲ·ͷҪСӣʲô̵һ˵˲ֻС
̵˵ϵ˿ʨսӣ٣б£벻ǰеսӣȻʵĴֵǱǰҪǿöడѪݺƺʹ̵ΪϤ
˫иԵսϵͳϢѸޱȣս֮ϣκϢ÷ǳ졣
ͺ̵СӲһ룬ӻߺŻأֶ飬̵СǲܵģĺҲͬмΪ֮Ǵģģһʵͬ
ԣ£˫ûбҪڡ
ѪݺҲܱ¼ҹҪǿöɣ̵˿ûЭط
ѪݺԭЦһӽˣ¿Ľɡ
٣Ѫݺ̵ڽĶ̰㲻޶԰ɣħֻؽе

ħ죡Ѫݺںȵ
̵ĺмڶǳ֣֣Ǳȴȫˣ
ߣҪƴǹȻȫ𣿡̵˵ͬģȻʵ㣬Ҫң͵øӦĴۣѪݣ׼𣿡
̵㵱͸𣿡Ǻ˵
һ仰ͽ̵ҪӪոƻˡ
ǽƻˣԹ̵ȻҲ֪ôɵʨǷģҪǲΪġڣһãȻ˽ȻͿ뿪ˡ֤Ϊǡħе
ħȻóŪĻ쵰ǵң㣬Ҫô뿪ҪôǸ㹻Ĵۣһܲܰ̵սɲΪħһ仰ϵ
ֶɱʿļ͹ʱˡ


404  Ĭ
Сϵͳ֮У֮еļ˶λһ֪
ӳλ˭ٲʵ
ͩҲ֮һȻʶǰˡ
ǶǸ߼۷Ƕ֮мΪǿߡ̵شȫӼһҲƥС
ͩˣʱǰ˶Ӫ֮и߼۷
ս֮ϣ۷Ѿںһǿߣ˵߼۷ˡ
ǿߣʹǶУǵսҲԲһ֧ǿս֮¡
̵սӣΪӳ̵һм۷ߺս֮ϣǺպǿս֮һս൱Իͣƾܹĺӳ룬Ϊˡ
£ѪݺħͿǺλһλѹ̵սӡʵ֮ǿӹɣ
ô֪˴ģ̵ɻʵ
̵ĹʱˣΪ󷨾ܹȫ״Ķ׼ɨ費ɣħЦһڿ
̵ˣҲ֪ЩҲƣܹȫ״һҲ֡ȫ״Ҫȫ״ҪҲϾڸ߶

Ȼûиߵȫ״ɨ衣
һӴ棬һСģĻս
ΪﱾսֻҪ㹻棬ս̾ͻᱻ
Ȼ΢ܹĻսٴҲޣ޵ĸԼ󲿷۷Ȥ
˵׿ֵ󣬶Ϊ۶ٺöֵ˶ˣҲмΪ޵ġ
Ƕ̣ĿǿǺٲġ
ڣѪݺħǺλڵһߵУǻлڻս֮ǰһʡ
㹻ǳ֡
λ߼۷ÿһλܹʮϵĸ߽֮࣬ʵ̵СӲϴ̵ͩĻܶ
̵СܹĺܣһΪһˣΪĺм׷ɱ̵СӡֻΪԷҪ£Ϊ治÷
̵֮Сܹĺӳø

λ߼۷λû˼ǿǶɱ˽ٲƵͷ
̵ĵһӦ·Ҫǵķ
ɾڴʱΧʮ޴״Ӱ漴ǻʮԲ˰ﶼȦС
⣬ʮ󣡡е
󷨵ȼĻ֣ܼ򵥣һʮһͣʮߡ
ֻ弶ʦˣڴ̵С֮Ҳ󷨵һˡ
ʮ߼󷨣ӵзռֻҪ˿ռ䷨ʿ޷󷨵ķ
ֶֻֻҪͼǶʦҲܹ߼󷨡ֻǲõʱܳܳ
ԣҲħ˵ȲʮҲǲܵġ
ڵǣ̵С֮УͩʮʱʮķΧ֮ڣˣΧͩҲͬС
Ϊǲûȫ򵽿ռ䷨ľ衣
ôռ䷨ľأֱӵı֣ǿʹÿռ˲Ĵ֮ͨ

̵Сӵˣ̵ȫ˳Ĭ֮Сû·ڻλ߼۷Χ
ã̵Ŵ˳Ĭ
λȻƣ缸ѾǣֻΪ󷨲һֱûдݾߣ̵̾һ
֮Сϵͳ֮ʵ
ûʮͼʹƣҲûǸʱȥں֮̾͸ž
ǽܿˡ̾
ѣպ󲢷ûлḴ̵ѵֻҪûбūۣպһ˿Ļᡣ
ӳӰ࣬䣬պ󸴻ĻҲеġ֮Уûдۼǿߡٲֻ̾壬ûλڡ฽ӹȺ
˵ˣСֺܴˡ
ˣҲ˵һԱպ󸴻ʽϣҲᱻ䵽֮еĵλͣպ󸴻ϣȺ̫࣬ҵɢޣҲ֪ʲôʱŻõ̵̾

ɢɣй֮䣬ǲܵõġ
ֻս֮ɢޣбĻᡣ
ҲΪʲôôɢս֮ϣ˷ƴԭڡһΪԴ̫ȱս֮ϣԵõһԴҲΪս֮պҲиĻᡣ
ˣʲô
ܹ磬Ȼĥѣ֮£ܿ첻ƺҳƴһս֮ǰҲҪϢܹһ汳ġ
ٲֺ̩ԼͩˣᵽսĿ¡
֮ǰǻΪһʺƶ˸߲ң˷ޱȡڣȴվ·֮ǰޡ
ΣչȻʱ̶ڣôСģҲʱɥ
ͼǿϾҲս֮ϵˣͼ
ǵùҲսðǲġֺ̩̾Ϣ
ȻǸϣҽһսҲįٲ֮ǰľõͻƣ

ͩΪһԹߺͲߣҲидġ
ʱͩȻ⡣
λڳĬ֮бڳĬ֮κʱ򣬶ܷϣͩ˵꣬ȡһɫ
ѽɲ֮ǰͩ˶ĿľŽһ׵ͨ鱦еɱɺ罣ֻǱԻޣʹҲѷֱֵıȼ
ͩһɱ˳Ѫݺɱȥ
ƴˣŭһԶǰƣɱ˳
ֺ̩ȴƸ֮ǣʵõ˸ķӺ
Ҳ˱ķ󷨣óԼıҧ׷ȥ
ͩһٶȱ˶졣
գۼͳ嵽Ѫݺǰ
Ѫݺȴһмؿͩ·ɶ˻һس
һȥɣУѪ˺ѣ
ѪݺĳɱצõĻĳмɵѪ˺ѡ
ѪݺûУҲûзˮʨӲһ㣬Ҳóȫһ
һ㹻ǰսնɱѪʵ嶯ѪҲҪʵģԴһȣʲôѶӵġ

ͩƺҪѪݵצץʱ򣬺Ȼ֮ʧӰ
ѪݺսḻΣո֪Ѿ˱ܣͩʧɲǼ䣬̸оǿҵΣոУæջצӣ屻һǣĶһǳɣȫҲܹշ硣
ò˵Ѫݺܹн죬Բ˵֮
ս֮ϣܹ沢Ҵĸ֣˵ĴڡΪʿȲͻᱻս̭
첽ͩһѪݺ
һһƽʵϽ֮ϲһǿ
ͩһԴǣ
ͩʹõó뻯Ȼӳڳ֮ϡ
ѪݺķӦ죬ǵ͹ͩʵ
ѪݺĿһͨɱǷɱ֮еƷҲͨɱţԲʲôèƵġ
ϧͩĽеȹɱͩõǸ߼ɵط
ǿĹڻѪݺ˲䣬ƿķһ뱾ϸŵǺڡ
ǿɱƻɡ
ڻѪݺ˲䣬Ѫʧ7壡
ңͩڻѪ֮һϢ֮䣬ͬ㣬ӳͬʮ彣ȷĿꡣʣµ彣֮УһУĽ

ãѪݺڱһͬʱ̷Ӧ˹ٶͦǰˣ㿪ͩĹ
սܺͷӦ൱ѸٺͼʱȻ彣롣
彣뻹֮ǰһһӾѪݺʧ룬һʵ½ųɣ
ʱѪݺ˵Ǵ̵ǼҲ
ֻҪܹƵķκһ˶ܹɵ
ǺˣѪݺֵؽеܹڽֵ˲Ƶķ֤еĽһƷͨɱеɱı˲һ壬ֵʵ֮ϣµɱµƻµ޵ӵеʵ
ͩûкϻڵ֮ͩһʧٴγֵʱѾڿǺͬ
ǺķӦҲ죬һΪҲͬ𾪵ˡ
һƿǺɱսףȥ˿Ǻ40壬ϧûش
˾ųɵʵϾĳɵ壬ʵٳھųңͬΪǡ

̶̼Ϣ֮䣬ֳͩ˿ֲʵްشѪݺ˿ǺħǱһĻŵò
̵սӵѣͬͩ뺷ıָˡ
ʵֱǿޱȣѾԽǵ֮⡣ֻд̵϶Աʶĺǿ󣬲ûгǵ
ǳ˴̵⣬Ҳȵʹţһ͡
̵ѾʶͩһЩʵ֪ʵѾһЩ׼˵ʵڵģ̵ʱҲ
ʵ޵ģ벻һ޵Ҫսӣֳͩʵսˡ
ܵشѪݺشĿǺۼħߣ˽վλҪ໥֡
ͩп޵ǿߣǲòӦԡ
¾ʲôˣħߵѪݺͿǺǱӣɵͷƤ飬򶨵ʵ
ͩվڿУһƮţֳֳбָ£ϴº͵Цݣһһ߻˼Ӫǰ
ǲҪȫ𣿸ղȥˣ£ͬǸ߽ǲýšͩǴЦ˵
е͸һĨϷ˼С
ʲôвҪţ
Էλ߼۷ݺսյĸ֣ڱͩһ룬ܲöԷ
ͩĻܺ⣬Ҵ㣬㻹ܽţ


405  
Ӱ磡ͩԼĻⶫܺòģҲûıҪ
ӳѪݺѾˣһȥͩ϶ϵͳ֮˵ǼסǺһҰħ˵
ףͬʱӦ
ٲֺ̩ǿǺĶ֣¶ԷˣʵȻ˾ų֮ࡣ֮£סԷһʱǲġ
һߣħλҲڻͨѶ
ħϽǳ󰡣˭ȥӰʵ̫ǿˡǺ־شݴٵ
еɱеıеɱ򲻿ƿϵս׷Ѫݺ϶˵ڴ⣬ʧ룬ʵֻһɣ϶·һ
ˣҪˣϾͺáħһ˵һ޵ش߶󷨱仯ħʵڲʲôʦȲܹ֮߼󷨣Ϊӵдͼ
ԣ󷨵ı仯ƿġ
ˣߣħһϲһһһ֮⣬֮У

̵Сӵһ֣ŷϵˣΪǰֻ
ɶǾȻˡյ˵
ϾǲʮȻɽο
ô죿ٲʵ
𣿡̵˶еʦʵ
һʱ䣬ܹı㣬ȻƾǼ֮ӦÿⲻǶʱܹ쵽ġ̾
Ҫãֺ̩ʵ
ҲҪգ̾һش
ôãǲǻƻ˶ˣƵ˵ôʱ䣬ȥħܵûӰˡ
ô鷳ֱǿˡͩ˵
󷨲ô壬˼ԣӲ֮ˣ֮ϣߡڻشǿѶȻҲܸߣûеôߡ
ʹǿҲҪʱģʱ䣬ˡ磬ǸɴʱٿһǵɢϢҲѾӿˣȤ˵ĸ֣Ȼ١棬Ǻα˷أһ

ħѪݺͿǺλ㿴ңҿ㣬һֽٺĸо
ǵù벻̵ս澹Ȼһ޵ħ
ĳһ޵ȻһҲûУһ˻սģǺӹһ֮гһ
ǻǸϽȥɣӣҪǰۻȥˡҲ֪ôصҪáѪݺƱȿǺأٿǺ˾ųɵʵ
ǾԲܾôˣӰϢȥǶԸ˻ԸٰпϢҲȥǵùҲ˿ġħ˵ֲˣò̫ࡣ
ħһ޿Ӱ̫ˣϲѪݺԥ޳ɵһ˵ùȻȲϿ˺Լһù
ǻǿ߰ɣ󷨿סһ޵̫ãǿĶûġǺһѵͬʱóһҲ鱦ۣ鱦ķȻͨɴҪһЩͬʱҲġ
˳Ѹ뿪˴˵ء
ͬʱҲϢսɢ˳ȥ

ʮ֮еĴ̵СӡĻ֮ҲԼͬڿǴ¡
ķǳˣͬʱĿҲǳߡ
֮ǰҪǰ뿪Ϊʵ̫Σգһ˷֣Ȼһս֮ǰħλ߼۷Χסһ
ڣڶʱҲȥ࿪һЩ󣬶࿪һͶõһ档
ټ϶֮УͩǿߴڣҲ屣סʾ޶Ʋ
ãô죬Ӱأ̵̬ͩȱ˺ܶ࣬ǰǰͩһָ֪ͩʵ֮󣬱ֳ㹻𾴡
磬ǿΪǿߣԼ
ûͩҡͷ˵￪Ҳα谭ѷأ
ڿʼõķݶҪ仯ӰԶһݡ̵ı䷽ʽ
ӳˣͰ֮ǰ̸õķɡӳĹⲻȥʹһЩս漼ɺ;Σͩڷ

̵ЦЦ˵Ҳá
ļ죬ɿڷزɿ󣬶̵򵥶ͩսľԼļɡ
ͩҲ缢ƿʵš
֮󣬴̵Ѿеľͼɣܽʵս棬ҪĻʵӵоԵʵǲҲܹ൱Ҳµòһλȥ֮˳ҵСӣԼаɣ
ӳͩڴ̵ӡ൱ã̵˹ҡ㡢ֱͩҲңԼһμսӣһλӳ
ö˵ҵС֮УҲжԱӶУһƬԼء㲻ǵһҲһڵΪ;磬ΪͻңͻսģԣܶͶ㲻ò˼̵˵
ֻͩе˵ͷ
ȷʵҪԼӦ˥š費ҪϵսԼۣܹ㹻İȥɹ˥֮١
ڴʱʮ֮⣬ۼ˲˫ӪսӺͶи֡
ȫǽӵϢ֮󣬶׿ӴȤŸġ

Ӫߣһ˰˸սӣȫǿԺʹ̵սᲢ۵ľӢսӡиʮˣÿһм۷вܸ߼۷
ûһλ޵֡
ΪһĿǻȤ
ӪǱߣһ˾ŸսӣҲӪľӢսӣиȴֻʮλѡ
Ӫͬûһλ޵ʹ¡
ӱϿҵʵƾС
Ӫߣ˸սӺʮλи֣£һ䷽Ϊսɲǽ
ͬӪսӺ͸֮䶼޷ɱҪ̸ֻͨﵽĿģºɱ˶ᱦ档
ʱ
һŶʮλʵ͵Ķǵͼ۷
λǵĿһľͲ˵ˣΪ˴ηֻ֣սӵĶӳһλ߼۷
սӵʵڴ̵ս֮ϡ
ΪΣһʵ
ԣк⣬Ͻ˵Ҫ˷ʱ䡣Ӧһ΢ͿҲ֪ڶˣʱÿһ֣ǵʧͼӴһ㡣ǮսӵĽǮѵ

仰˵ĹͬʱҲ˶ɢ˼
ãΪ˲˷ʱ䣬ǸɴϹأʱӣøɵǱߵ͹ҵķѣΣҲû˷Ѵʱ䡣
ãλͷӦ
ʱӣսϵͳ֮еĹ׶ȡƽһַʽ
ͬʱ䷽ǰͷ䣬Ҳ൱ƽ˭࣬˭ͷֵöࡣ
鿪֮ӣ֮󣬾ͷͻϮȡΪǿһش֡
ûк׼ģֻսӵĶӳҪȥ϶ѣսӵʵ
ӹȥˣӪѾս׼ûмϣֱӷͻϮ
ӪǱߵľŸսӺʮλӪͻϮһҲûæңӶ˱е֪թޱȣȻᷢͻϮ
ҪָߵͣҲõȵƵʮ˵ɣһλ۷վеͬʱӪ֮Уúһײ󷨣Ӫֵս̫
ͬʱҲΪӪĸ֣ᵥȷʵڳ˵˼ʹ㡣

Ӫ׼Ҳûг嶯ȥǿɱǻһ¡
ɴǰʮ˵˫ٶȸ졣˵
޳ɣ̵СӾͱУǾȳҲܹǵʵǮڵ
޳ɣ
Ҳ޳ɣ
ͬ⣡

Ӫߴ˹ʶ
˫Ӫվһߣͬʱʮ
ϰλĿ֮¡
ǿ߼󷨵ʮҲܲ˶ãѾʼҡҡ׹ˡ
֮ڵĴ̵СӣгԱҡκͲ
Լͬط˸ϵĻϵһ
ӦˡΪʦķԻ൱Ȩġ
٣ӣǾҪػˡĵؽеϹ
ӳϽʰһ£һˣ˵һսءѵ
ʮɿڴ̵ָ֮£׷״ӵص׳Ȼ󱻴̵һȫŽһöָ֮С

ɿãҲͬʱ̵ڳжԱ
˿ʼϥ״̬׼һ֮Ķս
̵Сûеȶãʮڱǿƿ󷨱
¶˱ڸǺ͵һ
̵˫Ŀͬʱڿնߣ
ƿ֮󣬴̵СӾ߸Ͻ˳صӪ
̵Ȼû£ͺáҹսӵĶӳ˵к
лλǻ֪Ҫá̵ò˵л
Ǿ֮⣬ϾܶԷкΣǾԼһΣǲɷϵġ
ˣ̵ǿģ
ʲôĿ
СΣ
Ǹƶأ
Ӫʹ̵ʵ
ҲĬûȥʴ̵˶١
ս֮ϣκջȵȵãװ˿ڴĶҲŪǲܵ飬ۺ죬粻ʡ
λλѣģһ΢Ŀ൱ҵķӦǸɣ̵ĵػش
ڶͬӪĸ֮󣬶Լͬ¶Цݣӷˣ˵Ƶļر
Ȼֻ΢ͿҲ㹻ǿɴˡ
ǰǣ΢Ϳܹϴꡣ


406  ϣ
ɱҲ֪˭һ֣Ӫ֮Ĵսչˡ
˫Ӫ֮䣬ϰλǿߴսֳ棬ǽһ׳۰
Ӵ𺳵ǿɱƺƬռ䶼
ÿһλ񣬷ŵ½磬Ƕһ磬Ҳ𾴵ǿߡ
һλʱܲ
̵սӵĶӪĹսӣսӵʵ̵սӵʵֻ֮䡣
ս֮ϣսӶսӣǿ߶Զǿߣμ
ɶħأӪһλǿߣӪĶǿΧŴ
ԭӪ֮ҪҲΪƽսʵ˼С
˭뵽ħǽ˹ȴӰˡ
ӣӪĶǿǷǳ
֪ħѪݺǺ쵰ȻǸӡͨѶƵϵǿƿڴ
Ы취ȥǺܻܿŲȥġ
ЫսӵĶӳЫ߼۷ӪĸΪ

ڵǣ˫ǾŸսӣսϣǳƽģʱǲֳܷʤ
ǶǿǱߣռơʮʮ
棬ͩĻӪλ߼۷ʮλм۷λ۷ȫǸ߽µ
Ҫһλ߼۷ʮλм۷λ۷
ħûǰˣôռ˺ܴơ
ǽȴħѾ·ˣʵת˹
ͩһʼûжȫûУڵ۲ս֡ûмʶطֻδ˵ʿиָͩĳ˲ټʶ
ͬʱҲͩʶս֮ϵĻսǶôΣա
ǵģ൱Σգ㲻ҪԼĶ֣ҪΧһУ۹·˷
ʱܱ֪ġС
Щһܹɱһ޷ĳ
һɣ½Գĳ޾ٻһ֮Ǳɱķݣ
ɱһĿ¡

ʹͩǿߣʮġҲ֮
ӿսڣͩķ־һֱûͣ
ͩĶ֣ǲݽ塪һڵĸ߽
ڵĸȴǳãΪͩںսʱ򣬾Ȼ
ͩעȻϣڱ𴦡
˵һ޴ĳ裡
ɶڿĶ֣ôƫƫͩķ֣ͩѡ
ͩ⻰֮ع񣬲˼˵Ŷ˼Ҳǹģֻⳡ̫׳ˡ

涾̣óѹ׵ľУһǲݽ츳²ݽҲֻӢѪ֮һУ޿лΣյʱ͵ͬھġ
һ磬ȼ編µķأһ˲䶴ԷжԷ֮󣬴˶ػͬȼնֵľ編
Сȡʩȼնٳɾ編ôͬᱻȼնپ編
ڵȼ۽һ
ֶ޽⣡

ͩȻս񣬵֪ʶȴ൱ḻˣ֮иǿԺ츳ͨ
һвݽ츳ͨ˵
˴˶ȼգ޻ָĿܣ
Ƿ۲ݽ壬ǵľȼܹ֮ǲݽ壬ݸһ΢Сȴǿ
ͩҲ벻ôֻԵر̼һ£˲
ͩķ֣ûбƣֱӱ͸ˡǳ죬־Ȼһ㷴ӦҲûУС׶ûС
գۼ䣬Ѿǰ
ڶ̿ҪͩɲǼ䡣
ͩǰȻ֮ռŤöֱʧˡ
ͩҲųһ亹ɲǺģҪУⱲӾˡͩӵ崫УӵгɳǱı鱦ӵϷӵгɾͼԪ֮ĻҪˣһеһжΪλӰ
ҺãͩķطԪռܡ
ȲҲԣÿռŤͼͩһй
ǳɺϵؿסݽԡ
ͩӹһ١

УͩƽһУ
һ߽ƽֲΣա
һеĴۣǲǰ;٣Ϊƽӹ
һΣͩʶں£ҪСκһ֣
֮ͩ󣬶żȭһл´ͽ̣ϧͬΪˣһǿһһ̣ҵл⡣
У򽣹棡
ͩ˷ɺ罣ֻɺ罣ͩͷϿգſµɱֱָż
Ϊͷ츳ܣȼ磬䵽ĲΣ˿̵Ѿݡ
ݿһЩϾֻһС
ʥǰŵĻҲεʿ
һѷɽΪ⣬ֱϮ
Ҫֵȴͽ޹ڲףԼĶ־Ȼǿ
ʵڶһеʱ򣬼Ѿֲ򵥡
Ӱԭôǿ屻ͩһ屻˲䡣
һ̣ͩ徹Ȼ¶޺Цݡ

ЩսľӢʿǣһ˲׷۷壬Ϊ˶䡣еΪսңսǿߣΪԸ⸶һУ
ͩȻ˷ɺ罣ûдٲ׾
ͩһɺ罣ಡһɳڰջΪ⡣
ȻΪ˹ɽ̵СӵĶ֣ÿһֵһɽ
ã
ȫǿߣսûעΧ
ͩĽڳֵʱѾˣ˴˿̲űʵƿԼĶ֣ʩչӦͩͻȻϮ
ʵҲͻȻϮֻҲû뵽ͩһ־ôƺƴж֡
ɽ
ϣ
ܣ

ǰɹͨ
ַطϡ

ôܣ
ôôǿ
찡ܣ
ɽͩǧ֮£ɽơ
ϣͬͩǧ֮£Ʊ顣
סȫס
طҲãǱҲգһرơ
ͩķɺ罣ô˵ҲеɱεķɽĽ⣬ͩʹ֮£Ȼͬ졣

սӵˣÿһܵزһơ
ˣʧȥսǵĶնɱʵҪҪǿö࣬ͩһ֮ʧûй룬ս˾ųɡ
ǣȴ̵սӸΧˣӡ
ˣ˭أ
սӵӳǼΪѲĽɫرǶӳܣм۷ʵ̵ֻڲ֮䡣
սν֣ÿһζٵرǸѹơ
ڷˮת̵ս֮󣬵һսӽ֣ʹƣƶڴ̵ս˵ʵ̫ˡ
սҪĴ
ͩһ֮´˹սеսڻսӳ˿̵Ҳʧ˳˰ٷ֮ʮϡ
̵սôܻôµǿߣ̵㾿λ޵Ըܺʵŭ
Ǻǣˣ޵Ը㣬ʵڲãλսõӰɱս֮СҪ˶ãͻ뿪¡Ǻܲɵײˣֵ˭̵һֻ˵
֮ͩҲһЦǵ͵ĵ㱳Թᰡ

¸¸¡ܲˣҲùͻȻЦ
ãˣ̵ḻڹɫոձ仯˲ͷӦ˹˵꣬ʹеͬʱˡ
þǿķֶζǰ
̵ѣӦҲȻʣٶȳˡ
ܺ䡭
䡪䡪ըͬʱ
սӵԱȻԱ壬ȻҲҪ汳ġ
ͼ˵죬ܵ˲أֻʧ3塣
˵ֺ̩ƾŷǿʧ15壬ƲǶʱָܹġ
ԣһսֺ̩Ҫһʱˡ
˵صǰٲ20ʧ˵ñֺ̩ء
ⳡըͬˣҺô󲿷̷ܶսӵ˸
һ۷Ա˵ģͩĲӲһǡ
رܺı˰ٷ֮ʮ壬Ա֮µȻҪǿڰٷ֮ʮԱ
Σ̵ǱСƵ֮ʵ
ܿ죬ҵս𶼱֮Уˣ˾ųɵսֻҪСһЩ㹻Աˡ
ڿʼԱΪϣɱеڶ̵һָ
Ӱʲôȥɰɣſֽţɱɣ̵ͩ˵

ͩһЦףл
ͩն𣬳Ŷ֮һλо¹ĸ߼۷ȥ
¹ⳡս֮ӪǰǿߣһλӪĸ߼۷ƽ˫Ӫĸ߶սԱȡ
һжԵࡣ
ͬΪ߼۷˴֮ʵҲͬ
еĸ߼۷޵ܿܶһλ޵·һ
еĸ߼۷ЩʵѾﵽ޵ĲΣ޵ָʮغ϶ܣʹǰˣҲܹݶˡ
¹ʵȲһ֣Ҳһ֡ڸ߼۷֮УҲλĸ֡
Ҳһж·ˡ
ͩҪĿѡҲΪ֮ӪƾѾ춨
¹ͩһߣһ˫¹룬һīɫĹšʼ֮ʱֱѹȭͷС
ֻ̣һ뵽֮䣬ܹóôӴѹȭͷСŵ֪ˡ


407  £
ѹȭͷС֮͵سͩ˹
ٶȼ죬գ֮ͷɹǧ׵ľ롣
ٶѲͩ˲䣬ͩԤеֱ߷һԱܡ
ͩʧˣٶ֮£ȻܹתϮͩ
ʹɽһʹͩ״
̾Ϊٶԭͺܿ죬ͩҪܣˡ
һֳ֣ǰ
򾭹൱ҵԳ֮ûеסϮ
ҲΪͩȡһʱ䡣
Ԫռܣ
ͩǰһŤռγɵεĶơ
Ԫռ֮УڿռԪ֮С
ͩ˲ؽ˾¹ľУ˿·硣
¹һӦ֣ͬһҲй۲һͩͩȻԼ־֣ˡҲһ
ͨ۷ǾԲݵؽľ
һֵӵǿ֣¹жϡ

ͩҲѵٷɹȥһ粽κȻ֮ʧ
ٴγʱȴھ¹
ɺ罣лӽȼһҰɫ档
¹ͩɲǼͷͩټ̹ϵزȡǰ塣
ͩ׼Ҳǰ塣
¹Ծ¹ӴһشλΧ֮˰Χ
ͩһУȻˡ
̷ͩɽ֣һɺ罣ǧ֮ľ¹ȥ
λ¹ͽˣλȥ˰ɡͩλΧ¹ĸ߼۷˵
Ҳգ¹ɲöԸСһЩλ߼۷ҲûƳ٣ϾͩȻ˽ͩľʵҲøһЩغͼɵ
ս֮ϵģ߻ӪƣļҲػѹ
ɺ罣ֲٿ֮֮£ٶȸ졢
¹ҪӴ屶ϣѶÿСɵķɺ罣
ս׷ɱ˲ڴͬʱ¹С塣
ӴȻӰԣӴʹӡͩóĶ֣ҪСܹγɸӵķ

ȺåС֮󣬶ͩһ
ٺ٣Сӣɱ֮¹Ц˵
ӰһСͩһ䣬ɽͻȻһâҷֻϰٵ⣬һһ¹
֣
¹κȻ֮һģȻգ֮䣬һɶģıˡ
һŵӰÿһһģһֲĸĸǼ١
ŵӰͩʶ̽˹ȥȻ
Ÿ¹ͬʱУ
ڣ
Ŷ¹֮䣬ͬʱ˾Ÿ򣬲ڶ̶һϢ֮ѹűƽĵ״Ȼ·ڵһ㷢
ԭѹѾ൱ˣھȻѹһ糤Уɱ֪µʲô̶ȡ
ǣŵӰͬڲͣƶѵĹλ
һλķ˹С
ͩҵеķֶΣһбͩԪռܸ
ͩİ˵ӷӷ¹Ľڷ䡣
ͩɫһ䣬ѸתԪռܵΣյĽڡ
ԪռŷطǿԷκʽĹûзޣֻҪֵĿռ䷨Ȳͩطͽ޽⡣Ҳԡ

Ȼ֮ΪܣȻֵֻܵһ
ڶ࣬һͬʱ֮£ԪռֻܾӦһĹ
¹Ȼڶ̶ֲ̽غϣҳͩطȱ㣬Ӱͬʱڡ
ͩڵֵ˶ǽ֮ȷˣⲻǻķ
¹ȻܹŸӵоűսѹķǾ¹ˡ
֮ǰһжȻûóȫʵ
ͩףԾ¹ĽڣҲͽͣΪǾͺʹɽһǿɿصġͩҲ¶ķսס
һеɱսףԪռ֮ܵеײɱķ֡
µиƷеɱķҲֻǿصʣµͻ˷֣ɱս׵ıϡ
ɱս׵˺֮ʣĽȻͩʧ1壬ͩս״ܴ
ȻܴأҲ˵¹ʵȷʵͬһ㡣
ܺãȻǿͩ̾

򽣹棡ͩǳɴظ˻ֻһÿһⶼǷɺ罣˷ɺ罣ٷ֮ʮĹ
ͩ⣬ֳɾŷݣٿأͬʱ¹ľŸ
ƽÿһһǧһٶ̺
ֹӰڷɽҪǳߣΪŽĹȡڷɽõķɽԽǿȻԽǿ
ַһơһʿϵķƽʿһΡ
ɺ罣Ĺö˵¹ϵͨɱǵ
ʮΰ˴û⣬ٴǧξƷ
¹ķȻһӱܵʵǾ޷ɱսҲֳɾŷݡ
ԣͩұ֤һܵǿĸϴƵķɱĸǱڡ
Ǿ¹ΪԼ׼˾żɱ
ͩķɱ֮£ֻʮغϾͱɱ
Դǿɱսס
ͩˣ¹ǹİȻӵͨɱķ֮áϧһûдżɱľŸ͸ѶԸˡ

ֻͩ⣬ǿޱȵط·ХһذѾ¹ʣû
¹ǳƣһʮĲĹʽþ¹൱
򽣹棡
·һز˻ž¹
¹ֻм֮ûл֮൱Ǳ
¹Ѿףȥǵڴ˲ɣԾ¹Ѿ˼ŰȫĿˡ
ϾٺãҲȲԼ
¿ԸôԼɱҲȫ
һȫھ¹ҲȲɱ
˭˭أö˵
¹ԾͬʱʩչطһӾ˽˳ĹΧ
ɷ˵ֳͬķ򣬼¹Ծ֮սȦӣͷҲصˡ
ͩջ˽⣬ߵľ¹ֻܵʣһڵ֮Ҳûȥ׷
¹Ӫһ·ҲӪܵĻ
֮ǰ¹ѹƵӪλ߼۷Ҳע⵽˾¹ˡҲɵöͩĿ࿴
ܹþ¹ǱӣͩӰѾڶ̵֮ӡ

ͩһתӪĳһսɱ˹ȥ
粽䣬ɱսȦ֮Уֳַɺ罣ϼӳ˼طȼŻҰɫĳ档
ֵͩһ߽һն¡
˻߽ͬһе鱦ն롣ҽ䵱
Ҫ֪߽ڱ֮ͩǰ廹90ϡ
Ҳ˵ͩһɱһȫʢ߽
ͩɱĸ߽Ķ֣Ҳסˡ
ͩȴûͣ٣һ֣һ߽ǰ
ɷ˵һС
ӳˡǡķɺ罣ֳ˿ֲɱ
߽Ҳ֮ͬǰλùһͩһ֣˲䱻ա
ӡɢʶ׹ڰ䡣
ԭֻĴָ鱦սס
˵һκ͵ڶΣеΡĴκ͵Ρ
ֻҪĲͨ鱦ϵսףͩһɱ۶ֵǷʧ
ӪսӣֻܹаԱ˶ӳ۷Ǹ߽µˮ׼
£ͩնλ֮ࡣ
״սӡ
۷Ҳ˹˾
ķӦǳѸ٣ͩնɱ֮ͱ˵ƣƿԼĶ֣ȻһʱӳսȦԶԶӵˡ

սѾ׵Ӫߡ
Ыͩ߱뺷ɱɱʿѾԣϵˣ
䲻ãڳӪʩֶΣ׷׳ˡ
ӪɱһȡһЩսȻ˻
սɨս֮Ӫһλ߽ȴɱ˶ʮȡսʤ
º󣬴Ҷʼ̵սӵĳԱͩ
ԭˣֲòʶˡ
Ӱǿ󣡡
ӰȻܹһɱһ߽ʵҲǸ߼۷εġ
߼۷ҿֹɣܹһɱһϵȷ鱦ȫʢ߽룬ֻ޵ܰõɣ
޵𣿡
԰һ޵ɲ˵ǾǵģҪõս֮ϣϵĸ߽Ĺϲаɣ
ɲɱȫʢ߽ֻطɱǿӵмǿɱĸ߼۷ս֮ҲûСҲܹһɱ߽

ɣȻ˷ԡ
˵û㻹ţ㶼˵طһˣӰطǼӳطӳһطԳɱλ߽ʵһɱܹȵġ
֮ͩǳ׳ˣҪ˶ãӰĴͻս磬Ѹɢ
ս֮ϣ̫ңû˭ͩʹõĶеȼɱ
˶֪ͩõɱʵҲǸ߼۷ǵõ˴ҵĹϡеɱ̫ϡˣҲҶ϶
ӳҴӶˣܸлָͩѾһˣͩע
ôߣٶһ̵ʵͩҪӶУ̵׼ˡҲף̵սӲɵôһλǿߡͩʵȸ߼۷ҪǿһΣӵ޵ʵٹʱ䣬ܹͩõҵĹϣΪս֮ϣµ޵֮һ
ˣЩȥҲʡһЩ鷳ͩ˷ʱ䣬ǵ棬ʵڲֵһᡣ


408  
ͩ뿪սӣһ˶ս
Ȼһ˶Уô鱦ʮʱͿá
ͩڱͨҵˮԴﵽԽ鱦ȫ״Ч
Բһ֮ڣͩҪ鿴Ķܹ鿴Ķ
ͩڱ֮Уÿǻᱻ״﷢ټϵɱʮʱܹԵ״ΡӾΡΣ
ͩ뿪˲ԨȷȥΪ꾧ҺͩҲΪ۲
ܿ죬¹ȥˣʱƽˮ
ͩǳƣȻڱ֮УҲԶԶطһЩӪĵˣͩûг֡
ΪЩһﶼ̫ˣͩûгֵ
ͩսɱģҲΪսģģֻս֮ϣ㹻ǿĶͩǿͩĵ̺ͻۡ
ߣɱٶҲ˷ʱ䣬˷ѱ顣
ȣһصսΧûԨôֻԨʮ֮һСȴۼߺսǿһǿߡ
֮ͩӱ֮˳
ͩ￪ʼһһش

ͩڱ֮ڣôһ·ǲʲôΣյģʧı⡣
ͩû״ͩȴͨ鱦̺ϵɱỊ̇
ͩ˷ϣȴһֱϡ
̲ʩչܹ䵱״á
ʵԶ֮״Ĺ̵ֻһֶѡ
оȫ״鱦Ļôͩİ̾൱ɱȫ״
ͩԱ֤ϵȣٲõı͵ϮΧ֮ġ
ȻͩҲһ͵ϮΧ
ͩͿշţһ߷ɣһֳ̡
Ԥ֮ܿͩصı͵Ϯ
ȣ˵󲻴˵СҲС
ͩеһۣ˾䵽Ҵûͷһĸá
ͩ÷ڰ̵ĸ֮£ó뻯ݡ
ӣ͵ó˽ۡ
̵ָȷָǰʮӷ
ͩõϢֹЩǸȷʵʢ֮򣬿ͬʱҲһ޵ա

ͩЦЦָڵķȥ
˴죬ƽ˾ⲻ֣ȻֻԨʮ֮һСҲǳ֮ˡ
ܳеʱʮҲδܹһӰȵģŻǿƼ
Ϊ꾧Һ
Ȼ꾧Һ˵ȶпܳ
ڴʱͩİ̺Ȼ˾ҵķӦͩһָһ⾵Գ
ʾһʵĻ档
ǿߣһǰ׷š
ǰλϢܴ˰ٷ֮ʮϡ
׷ֻһϢ˵Ҳ𳬹˰ٷ֮ʮ
Ӿ֪֮ǰһս
ɲܲģǿԷһ׷֮УϢǿߴ˵
ɲͩʶͨսϵͳȷӪλȻܹ׷ɱɲǾʹǵˡ
ͬӪ֮䣬ΪսϵͳԼǲɱġ
Ƿ¶ûоԣνߣжԲߡ
ͬӪǿ֮䣬Ҳǲ໥Ƶġ

ֱɱҲܣȴԼȡ
˵ɲһ֮еõʲôܹ׷ɱһͬ졣
ʱͩѡˣǾ֮ͩȻɱ˶ᱦˡһѡǾǼȡȵɲ֮ӵжӪ
ȻͩӴ̵ġ
ͩһ£ˡ
ΪֶͩȻпգһ˲ңҲ˵׼
ͩվڴ˵أѡüǵطԶ̾ѻӪܱܿ¶ݡ
ͩǴˣͩԸἺΪˡֻͩ治˺ʱ򣬲Żɢ
ֻͩǼӿٶȳ·صȥֻ⾵ֵĳͩڵĵطǧ֮ң
ϵɱỊܾ̇ôǿ˿ǿȫ״
ϣɲֵܹҸϵɣҲֻΪˡͩа롣
֮Уռ̶̳Զ磬ͩһ㣬ƿռ䣬пռ䴩
ԣֻͩķٶȸϹȥ

ܹӾĳֻ̣˿ռ˲֮Ĵͨʿܹ쵽
ͩȫٷɶ죬ԶԶؿмڵһ
죬ͩͨսϵͳļ鱨õλ׷ɱɲӪǿߵϡ
ǿߣ߼۷
ǿߣ߼۷
Ѯǿߣ߼۷
ֻ߼۷ѣ֮ͩͩҲûΣǳŴֳȥ
ͩĳ֣ܿ;˴˫
ɲõսϵͳȷ֮󣬾ȻԼˣдϲеλսѣºһлλҲǾþսˣҲ׾ͬӪ֮䣬ûнҪȣǱҪºлġ
Σһ·һ·ӣҲСȥ֮աԣҲΪֱ˵˳Ҫ
һ£ͬӪǿ߶Ըȡ
Ͼ˴ݺĵ˭ס
ͩԭҲˣɲĺ֮еĶҲǿ˼֡
ɷϣͩʥ˾硣
бؾˣܱûľҪжöࡣ

ͩ齣ӭ˹ȥ
Ȼ˸һڰû٣Ƣ𱬣ɲתͩɱ˹
Ӫλ۷֮УΨһһϢǿߣҲ˵ɲε£ܹϢʧûгٷ֮ʮ֤ˣʵȲͲѮҪǿһЩ
죡
֮УΪһƬ𺣣ͩΧɫĻ֮С
𣬾ȻǾ
˻ǿֱӷ꣬˵϶Ϊһܹɱ꣬Ȼܹɭ塣
Ϊʲôʧٷ֮ʮʵͻ½أΪ֮еӡʧȻ󣬵ûзڶʱڻָԲ֮ʧӡǿɲǶʱܹġ
Իָӡǣµʿʧƣлָ
ҪָֻüΪĵر˵꾧ҺлָӡǵĹЧȻҲλ¡
һܴأͻԼ֮УԳ˯ķʽˣ˵ˣͨ˯ָꡣ

ͩͷ˻׵ķ֣𺣵⡣ǿͩҲȥ
ֽͩӭ˷ȡսķʽ
һʽʽ
֮ͩ󣬲ҵԼ·֮󣬾Ͳ
ýһͬʱóһɰ˳ì͵ӭͩĽ
һ֮£˶һ൱
ͩһתʽǧ
У
ìһԹķʽ͸ͩǧķ϶նͩķϡ
һ糤һǿڡ
ɫ棬Ȼͩķƿһӣ澹ȻȼգȻҪٳһķ
ϧͩķ֣еɱġ
еɱķ֮£һϢ֮ͱ޸ˡ
ɫһƷСУרƻ֡벻ʩչЧԶԶûеЧ
ͩǧ˷ɱ֮ϡֳǿƻɱֱӱɢˡ
ҲͩһʮײȶΡ
һ潻֣ͩռ˱ˣҲûռԵıˡͩʤװȷǿһΡ

ͩҲԳ˷ļʵһȾ¹ѷɫǿߣ
ȵĸֹȻ٣ϵĵһ־ȻǾ¹εǿߡ
κȻʧ
ͩĴ̽ʶҪҶټʶһ֣ͱһɫˣʶȻȼһա
Һãͩʱջ˴󲿷ʶûܵʲô˺
ȻΪһдⲻͩҡҡͷһ̾
ͩ̾һʱ򣬳ìͻȻͩӷ
Ȼ֪ʲôʱͩ󣬳ͩʶһɲǼ䣬ͻȻ֣
У
һηͩɱ֮пһӣììҲû˽
ͩӦѸ٣ڷĳìոпֵ˲䣬һһʧٳ֮ʱͩѾڻ𺣷Χ֮ˡ
ͩɲɵڻ֮̫ˣͩʵռҲưͿ
һͬʱ𺣹رһ˽ȥ
Ҳǳͩĵس޵
ܹƿеȷɱķ֣һзǳҲָͩһط·

ͩ˹ìһ𣬻ΪìӰֱͩ
ͩЦЦκȻˣзɺ罣ڴʱڿն𣬻Ϊһ˷
ԭ²֮ͨȵ˵
ֻͩŽ⣬ͻȻ֮仯Ϊ⡣
ɫһ䣬ӲһУ˱ܡ
ֻһ⣬ûʲôϵӲҲһİա
֪⽣ɱ乥ӹɡ̫ˣоǧǧپʮŵⶼģҲֲʵðһԡ
ͩĿ֮£Ȼ֮ת򣬳׷˹ȥ
˸֮䣬ң𲻶ȻҲһžֹӰ֮򽣹棬ֻɵһֱ־ѡ
ŽɲǷֻôǳ
ʹǿɣ
֮ͩǰ¹һսʹ⻯ΪŹɽ⹥¹ľŸһɡͷߣ
ֻǰ⵱ڵһطȥôšֹӰҲö֮رڴ֮С
ͩҪʹһɣֹ֮һ


409  ն
ͳһޱ׷ŷͣ㣬ٶٿ죬ҲȲýٶȡ
ͩʹĽһ·𳤱һڷϣһƿķ֣ı塣
һһʹ10壡
һ֮ɵľҲɢһգֻһһɽƮڿС
һǽѹ֮˲ͷšΪɵȵصӰ죬ʵʹֻܺ͵֮һ
һȥҪʧһ룡
ˣ⹥˺Ҳ൱ֲˡ
һ£ҳһͬʱϢҲܵش
ôܣзŭš
ͩһɣ൱ģܵ˵һбȾͷ߸ʵһЩ
򽣹֮һͩٴʩӷ߶˽һٴγ֡
޴ͷһŷ˹ȥ
һβˣҲףûõģٶȿɱȲϷɽƶٶȡ
׳ʹǿطһ˳ììоۼһŵɫĳ棬Ȼǽף
ѹ֮󣬻ΪͬеĳìҲһͬͶ˳

ͩĽۼȻ죬ޱȣһȱݣǾǲ
Ӧֶ൱ı׳ԶͩĽһȴѹӳڳìϣޱȵ
û˱֮ͩĿ
ͩļطӳڽ֮ϣͨĿɱһܹɱһӵϵ鱦ĸ߽
׳ط뽣һĶײֱӴ͸ȻֱϮͩ
һȻ͸ûɢȻϮȥ
طײĽǣɣͬʱĿꡣ
ìգ֮ͩǰ
ɱķ֣ڵֵϢ֮󣬻飡
ͩȴǲŲæһ̯ۿɼռ俪ʼŤͩһԪռ䡣
ĳì˽ȥͩرԪͨ
һߣȫ֮£Ȼһαһڵأٴܵش
ֻǱһܴҪһЩֻʧ6ѡ
ӵʱͻȻɫһ䣬ĵȻʧˣ
ȫɱ뿪˾̫Զ£Ҳ޷ƿء

ʵϣֻԼظ֪ìĳңԶռ֮Уȴ޷л
ͩЦа룺ӳԿ˰ɣȻͶⲻѰ·𣿡ɷϣһУͩҪǳһҲʧ5⻹еȷս׵£һҲʧ룡
ʵڲìԪռɲǣлطĳìҲʧϧʱͩĽһУӿдڵأûзӦ
Ӧʱ򣬳ìѾвˡ
ĳֹɱʧʵȻٺͩȥѾ˳˵Ĵ㡣
һսʧ˽20壬ҲҪǧָܻ
ٴȥֻʧԽԽͬʱʱҲʼα
ϵһó˳ȻζУҪʩչطҽ
ͩȴϤĴ㣬л˷ɺ罣һ̳
һѸƽƽĽ֮Уһص

֮󣬺Ȼһµ𺣰Χ
ͩһŹطƳ
ͨطͩΪƿġʱֻǲݴǿ̫رǹ͹ٶȡ
ʮǱޣͩĵ̺͸ľ磬
ʽ洢ȻԽ򽣹أٶͶŵλȻͷǿĻɱ
ܣͱͩһƳУӲسƳµɱ
ӵͨɱҲÿ1ٶš
ֳΣҪӳƳĹΧ
Ƴڱ֮󣬱޷ٿ͹Χ̶ĹΧֻҪӳĹΧȻͲܵ˺
ֻƳַΧ֮ڣžһжʩšҲ˵ֻܿƳĳ˺ķʽܳķΧ
αʧЧԼҽļƻƲʹǳǱӳƳķΧ֮ٴܴ7
ɴûУֱʩչѡһͩԶķͷҲصػΪһݹˡ

ͩˣʵֶζܹͩôغϣſ䵽·硣
ò״ˣͩǰæ
첽ʹ
ʮ粽˷
ͩЦеؿһ㵵ķ˵ôߣǲ̫òˣ
¶һѿЦݣ˵Ӱһξ۲ʶ̩ɽӰ̧֡
ͩɫһ䣬ʵսܶضסǣףսǶͯ԰ǵˣϷҲ벻ƨ˵ġ
üΪѿʶͩǴôغ֮ԾͷþȫҲѹ·磬ȫǶ֡ʱֲ򵥣һ֮£ŷԼĶ־Ȼųĸ֣Ӱ
Ӫ֮Ϊӽ޵ǿߣ
һȻ鴫
ĽǳܰӰ׷ɱܿڴˣ
ӰҪϾɱҪ֪˻ǽӼҲҧ˵ġ㲻Ҫ̫ҲĶ֣ȴʵ汳ش

ɱңҲûʲôôϳս֮⣬Ļûɲϵ꾧Һ󡣡رָɲӵ꾧Һ汦⸽һΪ
ͩģô֮ͩĹϵ˲սѱ໥¼ɡӶͩɱľġ
ͩܿЩжӪĸ֣ɵɲ֮󣬼յ꾧Һ
ֻҪʱһϳˣܻлҵܵѻᡣ
õľ̰ԡ
ͩҲ˼һ´µĿԣͩûԼµߡ
٣ڶ𣿿ʵڲ˽ⱾƢͩл˷ɺ罣
طӳڷɺ罣ϡ
ͩ첽ʩչӰ֣գ֮䣬ǰȼųɫ׵ĳǴ˷
ȻԴУʩչܣͩ첽Ǹ߼ܹι㲻Զ
ڱͩץ˻ᣬһ
һȥǾɱս׵Ҳ÷ʧ10塣
ݲ࣬Ͼӳ˼֮ķɺ罣ܹһɱ߽
߼۷˵ҲֻǱ߽ͨöĸ߽

Ƿŵͨɱսףһܹնɱ
żˣΪһʧ38ңٳĻսͻųɣʧȥֻܵ׸ˡ
ͩȴ˿Ļᣬ첽ֿͩ˷һһȥ״ٽ֮ϣһ΢ĹҲ᳹ʧȥΪͩϵ㣬׸
Ѿ߲κϣˣΣڵϦ군ڼ
ɶ㲻ҺùҲܣͻȻ֮䲻˷ҪͻϮͩסͩͬھ
ͩȴǵһĶˣһз׽˩±ϵʱͳˡ
򽣹棡
ͩ粽֮䣬˳ʮͬʱһóˡֹӰ
ҪͩͬھȴײϮ
һαؿգصڵϣһκ֮ǰκһζһһ״˷з֮ͩˮҲûˡ
ʧ50ʮʵֻʣһɣһش֮󣬷³Ѿעˡ

䡪ֻоԱ壬
ͩϵĵһ߼۷
Ǿ¹Ҳֻǲ䣬Ǳõʱսܵˡ
ǷûǸˣͩһһĵͩ΢Ĵ۱
ͲѮɲţ޷˵ˣǵʵ޷ͷᲢۣ˵ͩˡ
ѮɲԼλǸ߼۷
λʵȴ൱ԡ
ͲѮڸ߼۷׵ִڣǺ֮²ܹɲռƽ֡ԣɲʵȻκһǿ󡣷ҪɲǿһΣܹɲ֮УϢ
ܹͩնɱȻὫͲѮ
ͩл˷ɺ罣ŲԶһսȥ
ͲѮҲɵȻҪ·ɲ·Ҫһؾ
ͻȻԱһ鱦Ȼϧȼ壬ǿ˲ɲľȻͷҲصˡ

ѮϣһҪȡͬķʽܵʱͩѾϵֳ
һӳѮ20壡
ͬʱҲ
ңѮغš
޺ʱͩһӳѮһеķ״ѹѮѾʧ룬ʵ½ųɣ޻֮
ͩȴûֹͣ£Ѯʶ˳˯֮УʧѾ90ֻʣһɵʱ򣬱Ȼ˯εءʱǺ޷Ӥκһͬʵʵʤ˶׵ס⴦á
Գ׸ɵλҲū
ūۣʵܼ򵥣ǶԷ֮дԼӡǣҽԼӡ˵֮С
һ֮УȻ⵽ū֮˵ҷʹǵסҲѡԱ
˯ԱʶûС
лӰ֮ɲضͩһ񣬱ʾл⣬ͬʱĽؿһ˯ĲѮ


410  꾧Һ
һ˯һУһˡ
رλһλ۷Ǿ͸ˡ
ͩɲĻֻ֮һЦһУ㽫˯ĲѮսʱ֮С
תɲ˵ɲ˿ҷͬҲȻġ
ɲͩĻȻ⻰棬˵Ӱ壬Ӱʱϵ»֮Σ
˵գɲȡһƵƿ˵ǰʹȻĳһ۶֮еõƿ꾧ҺĵرȻдȻõⱦȴķ׷ˣЩû
˵ɲȡһͬƿһɫҺյƿӡȻƿӸ֮󣬵ݸͩһл⣬ӰҪƴǡ
ͩ󷽵ؽ˹ȭһ˵ɲܴᣬûǻػϢһʱΪ
ɲЦһεõ꾧ҺȴܴشҲ˵һǲҡ
ʧ֮䣬ȷʵѷָͩид͵
¼Żȥˣиˡɲ˵꣬Ϊһݹ뿪ˡΪٲߣ͸᲻ˡһ꾧ҺˣɲҲޱȵ۰Ҫ֪ȵһε۶֮Уغʮջôһƿ

ͩ΢΢һЦת뿪˴˵أԶ˴˵ϰ֮ͩһʱ֮С
֮Уʺ϶ӵĵط٣ʵϣвٶѻ֮ΪԼ׼һĶһסҲΪȫ
Ƕͩ˵ӵʱ൱ڴһƶɼҶһ㣬ֻҪѪʱУչ
뱦ռ֮ͩ˯ĲѮߣū֮ѮԼūӴԺ󣬲ѮͳûзĻˡ
ȻڵĲѮҪָҲǼ׵顣
ҪһʲƵԴټһβ̵ʱ䡣ԣʱ˵ѮܳΪͩ
ټϣͩҲȷʵںһһѮԣͩɴཫ͵һռ֮УԼָˡ
ͩңչ꾧Һ
˵ʵڻͩǵһνӴ
ƿ꾧Һʵζѡ
һ꾧Һսһϵͳ֮УԶһһͨɱˣ
ֻǺԸ꾧Һһɱ

ͩһ꾧Һ÷סͽ˿С
Һڼһصʼͩڼ
ͩתķ
ÿһ˿ͩ͸оԼľʶͻһЩ
֪˶ãͩ꾧Һ붨֮
ָͩһ㣬ȻɹôʱҲ̫ͩоˣȻ꾧ҺЧҲȷʵĵرֱüˡ
ͩоԼԪԵȻ࣬Ͼˡ
Ҫ֪ڵͩɵƿ֮£Ƕɹ˵һ˥򲻴ٽ
Ȼ˵һ˥Ԫ޹أԪǿҲᷴһЩôͩǰܵԪ
ͩûڶ꾧ҺͣϤһԪ
ſʼڶΡΡ
ʮͩɹ꾧ҺоǳĵرȻԲֱ֮ͣŻʧЧ
ͩйϡ
꾧Һ˶졣
еʮΣѾ걥ٶҲʧȥЧãⲿ˵ɳǱޣܽ硣Ϊ磬Ҳ֮е׵ģд
еʮϰٵΡ

ԣ꾧ҺĶ٣ҲԿһּӵĲǱķ
ܹ꾧Һĺô֮ͩҲҪõࡣ
ͩ˵һ˥١
˵һ˥Ϊ֮˥
˼飬ǿǿȺͶɽ֮˵־
֮壬һû©֮ûκģԪϵ֮塣
Ѫ֮֮󣬾ͻΪ֮壬һֲɱḶֻ́гΪ֮壬ܰԪš
ޣͻƳΪԪ֮ͻᷴӹ棬»ָԭ̬
ɵǴ֮忪ʼɱ䣬˵һ˥
ɹ֮󣬻ʹ뷨Ԫ룬ָѪָ֮֮Ѫ֮Ͳͨ˵Ѫ֮Ǻ֮֮ͬ
Ȼ˵ڶ˥֮˥ʹ÷Ԫ룬ɾһǿķ֮ͬͬ
˵˥Ԫ֮˥Ԫɱ䣡
˥ɹ֮󣬴֮ɣ˳µسΪλ֮ۼĴǿߡҪ֮·
˥֮󣬾޽٣Ϊ벽ѵĴڡ

ͩʱ֮˳ȥ
꾧Һĵط
ͩɵò죬µʱȺ
̲֮ſʼ
ͬʱҲΪԴΪ˻սΪ˵ϵɱƸһеһжĴ߻
ͩûйЩƾеս
Ӱ¿ӰһӪͩ׷˹ʵ
ĳ̨ǣͩתͷһλʵ
ҽиգĺӰãʵǿѾã벻ڴĺˬʵػش
ĳô𣿡ͩؽе
٣ѵӰ֪ߺսһҲЩ޵ȥǱʹϢܾ¹һɱսȻ࣬ͬ졣ĺ˵һ˷ܵӡ
ȺȻԻʵǿ󣬼ʮǰƮѪһ˴սʮ޵һսʤնɱ޵ʮˣūˣսĵ̹Ȼǡĺһݵ˵ƺͲԼҲһ㡣

ôǿʲôƮѪʲôͷͩɫ֪ʵ
٣⻰ʶˣ뵱꣬ƮѪҲʶཻһķǸ˫ѹӪĺشţƤƮѪ߹˵ӶϵմĴţųڼһĳš
ĺŪԼļʶͬʱҲڸͩɨä
֪ͩƮѪҲߺսȣݺ۳ңѹӪ
꣬Ӫ֮Уͼ޵ϰλ֮࣡޵ֻʮλ
ʮλ޵ƮѪһ֮նɱʵ֮ǿɼһࡣ
Ҳ˴ŭֶԸƮѪƮѪӵˣӴԺ󲻼Ӱ
֪ͩƮѪѩˣͻƮѪ硣
Ҫ֪ֻҪﵽ߽;ֻһ֮ңֻҪ߽ͺֱܿͻƳΪµ
Ҳиߵֵ֮ģ߽ͻƳΪ֮Ҳǵ׵ĲΣɳǱޣѽʣ˵Ϊˡ
߽֮УΪ߽ͨ۷޵

֮ԷֵЩϸ£ΪָԴͻ֮ĳɾͺǱ
߽ֻҪ͸ռ䷨ʱ䷨ͿԽʵżߣֻҪ͸ںʱռ䷨֮еһ
ͨĸ߽֮󣬾ǳʵ֮ףҳɳǱޡ
۷֮󣬾ͻֱӳΪнʵ֮мײ㣬ֻҪʱ㹻Ҳ㹻Ϳ˳ͻƵʾ磬һǱɳλ񼶱
Ȼͬε۷֮ʵҲͬ
ֻ޵ֻҪչ˳ԿλΣͻλƿҪԶԶǿˡ
Ȼ˵ÿһ޵һͿλֻ˵ǵϣҪöࡣ
ԣÿһλ޵ǸıʧһἫΪۡ
ս֮ϣ⣬ͲҪս
޵ļҪҲǼѵ飬һ޵ΧԣһﵽεǿߣǺġ
ߺսܿʮϰҲδػһ޵䣬Ϊʵǿ󣬶иԵıУնɱ

ߺս֮ϣ֪ټܻʮ޵һӱƮѪնɱ
Ҿ֪ͩƮѪɵֹô㣬Ҳתս˼ʮսɱ˲֪޵ƻسֶԸɣ
ɲһķ񰡣
̫һ㣬ͩĻǶҲֻĵظɡ
ͺڵֳͩͨ߼۷ʵִﲻ޵ı׼Ȼ磬ʵϸ˼ǿߵķۡ
ͩĸ֣սв١
еı֮Ϊ벽޵У
ڱϵ޵벽޵Ҫöࡣ
ͩóʵʵͩҲδƮѪͩǷƮѪ¡
ΪͩѾΪϵɱʮʱΪֹûзӹ
ΪûбҪͩûӴ˱ʱ

ҿӰҲΪ꾧Һİɣĺʵ
ȷʵĽġͩûзϡ
Ȼĺһյӡ
ĺָ֮ͩˣ;ƺʲô֪顣
㲻ʲộָ֮ϹܡĺҲûеӣλ¹ɲ޹ʵһλǿߡ
Ӱ֪꾧Һ֮ر֮Ϊ쾮Ⱥ֮У쾮оʮŴЩ쾮ԿӪ޵Сĺ˵ÿһ쾮ƽϵ޵أһ޵쾮ػ
¢ϵΪѵûͩؽе벻Ȼ
Σÿһ޵ܹɲɱ߼۷ǿߣս֮ϣǿΪĵرȻҲǿߵ֮ĺƽһȻ˵
֮ͩһȻս֮ϵĹأطӳ㣬ҲӼ򵥡
ܵ˵ĸ֡
ǿΪ


411  쾮֮
֮У꾧ҺɴģҲ˵꾧Һһˣôʱ֮ھͲܵڶΡ
쾮֮⣡
쾮λǹ̶ģÿ꣬쾮֮бȻεʮβȵ꾧ҺԣֻҪһ쾮ʹԴԴϵ꾧Һɡ
쾮ֻоʮſڣе쾮ߣռ쾮޵ȻҲͶһЩе쾮ͣռ쾮޵ȻҪһЩ
ʮſ쾮ĺ˵
ʮźŵʮһ쾮ֻÿεߵβȣٵֻһλ޵ռݣҲᳬλͬʱһЩ߼۷£¡
ʮŵʮһ쾮ÿߵεʮβȡЩ쾮ڵڶε쾮ռݵ޵ȻҪȵһεĶһЩʵҲҪǿһЩ
ʮŵ쾮ﵽÿʮεʮβȣǵε쾮ÿһ쾮λϵ޵ռݡ
ŵһ쾮ߣﵽÿʮһεʮβȣߵε쾮ͬʱռǰ쾮޵Ҳߺս֮ϣʵǿʮλ޵

Ӫռ˾ʮſ쾮֮еʮڣռƣǰ쾮֮УǾռһšź쾮ĺ˵˺ܶ࣬ͩԵؽȺ֡
ÿһ쾮رǵڶϵ쾮һһ漯š
ʵռ˵ʮ쾮ڶʮߺ쾮ˣӰĻԼˣ쾮ս֮У죬ͿԵõ꾧Һķݶĺ˵£ͩĿġ
ͩЦЦ˵ûмĴ㣬ҿԴӦ㣬һĳĻһȿˡ
ĺ˿ЦЦӿڵǸĳ̫żˡ
߰ɣҴȥȷУӪеΨһĲءϾȾߺŻʵ̫Զ˶ȥ̫˷ʱˡĺ˵
ȷУɴССʮ˹ͬͿšʮ߸ˣҲʮ쾮ӵߡĺ˵գͩһʱɽ֮ӴС
ͩĺĴ֮£ӷ֮⵽һⶴλڷ֮Уͩĵرչ
֮УۼӪ۷ʵӪҲӪǿ߶ҵ⸽һΡ

ȻӪǱҲһķлأӪǿҲܹȥ
ͩס˷֮УͬӪǿս֮󣬻һڻأͬʱҲԴһҪƽ̨
ûлǼΪԴЩԴǶżٽõı
˵ԴıԲĵıڶʱ޸ıԴٽıı
һЩɱϣ񵤵ҩɱжӪõɱ;Լ˵ʲһеһжﶺԭڡ
Ŀ쾮
Ӫʮ쾮ɶʮ߸С˿š
ҪֵһǼǣ㹻Ĺ͡һԼȥӪӵе쾮
Ʋƽƾʲô쾮ҪЩƿأ
ʵƽġΪЩ쾮ƾյģЩƾʵػסġ
ͩǼһˣ棬ǲǳ롣
ͩڷ֮УһЩΪĲϣǲϣǿռ佻ƽ̨ϣǼȱġ

ЩϣǶԼżʹٽõıͩͨռ䣬͵˷ϣȻͻҡ
ͬʱͩҲֽͨףͲȺľ˸˽⡣
ͩڷ֮н׽ֱջࡣ
µ죬ͩһֱԼĶ֮У˼
˼ΪԼø档
֮Уľ쾮
ӪƵ쾮ֻʮڣʮ쾮ĹģһӪÿȡһڲԣʮ쾮Ĺͷ䡣
Ϊ޶ȵػڲìܣսϵͳĵ̫֮ͣҲӪڲŽ̶ܵȵֻӪ
ԣӪڲ֮쾮֮ᣬһμӣ㵽ֹ˱˴˺սϵͳ֮£ͬӪ֮Ҳɱ
ͩҪ쾮ֻмĳһˡ
ĺ֮Ҫ£ͩҲǿʵǿȵ˵ķϡ
˼֮⣬һַǾԼ齨ˡ˵ˣ
ĻͩûʸӪڲ֮С
ҪֻдӪƵ쾮֮УڶʳжӪ쾮ػס

Ӫʮ߸Сˣģÿһ쾮֮Žһֲγһ
ӪĴС˶ûм˵ĶǿӪ쾮
ͩϸ˼֮ҲԴǰ۹⼯Ӫڲ
ĻҪѡһĿꡣ
ͩڷ֮йһݾʮ쾮ϸϣϣ˾ʮſ쾮ľʵЩ쾮Ĳͳڡ
ͩҪ꾧ҺǾҪѡһЩھͻ쾮ѡķΧһС˺ܶࡣ
Ӫ֮У֮꾧ҺͻĳһεĵͲ쾮⣬ֻʣʮһ쾮ʮ쾮ʮ쾮
ʮһ쾮һʮ쾮ʮ쾮ڶʮ֮
ٵĶʮԺȥˡ
ͩҲͰĿ׼쾮ʮһ쾮ͣеڶΣڵڶ֮ҲǼΪһ쾮
쾮ػӪһСУСӵ޵λֱ޺ɺӺ֮⣬߼۷
Сֻһ쾮ʮһ쾮
ʮ쾮һ˵֮һ

޵˵ʵڻͩǸоЩѹģϾֻһˡ
ͩҲ޵֮Լʵжǿ
˾֮ͩȻ뿪˷Уʮһ쾮ȥ
գͩʮһ쾮Χڴʱͩ·߼۷סͩȥ·
Ӱһ߼۷Ȼϳͩ
Ȼ֮ͩУǱӪĸ֪Ͼһնɱ˷ôһλȺҲǿߵĸ߼۷
ֳͩһ߼۷֮ϵǿʵֻҪǸ߼۷òͩʾע
Ӱǰ׺˵ĵ̣뿪˵أݹǽնɱڴˡһ߼۷ͩĴƺð̬ظ˵
Ҫ֪׺˵޵ǿ޺쾮ػǲߣȵ֣Ҳˡ߼۷ѵ
ȻռţҲûͩ֡
ΪУȷʵмּɵͩսټ쾮꾧ҺҪԲ֦

ϧͩĿ쾮ûϢ˵Ĵ㡣
ԣͩΪǿ
ɺ罣ͻȻͩУһҰɫȼһ粽ͻȻǰ̬ŵλ߼۷ǰһ
˵ķӦҲֵͩ˲䣬ѾȫķֶΡ
Ͼһ߼ͩͻȻ͵ϮҲͬû׵ؾͱ͵Ϯ
ã
ɶӰң
õ㾹Ȼﶯ֣
۷ҲˣԮͬ飬ǳͩ˹һбؾȣΧκԡ
ϧվһͩһγֿǳȫΪȫ
һͩҼܵǿļطǰʩչʱӳطҲֻǴڸ߼εޣ
һͩӳڽϵļطǸ߼Բεط֮ǰط
ɱȻͬն

һ֮£еɱɺ罣ķִ֧֮ķɣֵһ
ͣһɲǵûС
۷Ļֺֽһ㱻նˡ
߼۷ɫһ䣬ֻü˷սףҪͨɱķս׷һ
ʵϣɺ罣Ȼǿ󣬵ҲһͨɱսϣԣһҲϱסˡ
ǣɺ罣Ȼ޷Է֮УǿĹ͸׶룬ڴͬʱϼӳֵĳ˲۵⣬ѹһ㣬ͬɺ罣Ĺ͸׶롣
ҽһһɡ
Ȼصˤڵء
ڴͬʱ߼۷ĹҲˣǵĹһеɱս׵ֵסޣһͩԪռܸˣûʵʵ˺
ͩûϵλ߼۷һ粽֮䣬ʧڵصĸ߼۷ǰͬһ̳
Ҫ㲻ɱңͩһڵصĸ߼۷־ؽеΪʲô˿־壿ΪͩղǿһȻ˲һ룡
һһѡͳʧȥ˾ųɵʵʧ롣

ͩΪһն£
׷λ߼۷ǱһĻ
Լ˹ʮͬսѣȻһ֮£ɢ䵱
ǰѣ
նɱһ߼۷ôܣ
Ҫ֪ܹ֮Ϊ߼۷ÿһӵй汸ͨɱʵţܹնɱһͨɱս׵۷
ӰϵıѵеɱɣҲֻбͨɱߵɱܹ޶ȵƿͨɱս׵ķ͹ͬͨɱǲôƿͨɱǿ͹
еɱȻеɱôӵеɱ
ɶ񣬿ܣ
ǶûкӵһǣӵеȹɱҪնɱһ߼۷ҲǷǳȵ顣
ˣκһ첻
ɱֻǴ߻ص㣬صֳͩǿ󹥻ǿʵڡ


412  Ծ
Ȼ£
ͩûзɺ罣ôͩӵǿʵҪնɱһ߼۷ҲúķһУֵɡ
ɷϣҲʵ֮һ
Էһеȷɱͩͬͽնɱ
ͩƲˣĿתλ߼۷
ܣ
֪ͨ޺
߼۷ķӦһµģǵһʱѡ·
ܣܵ𣿡ͩ˵
һƬѩױԭƾճ֣Ҫܵ߼۷ڱѩ֮У粽С
⣬ʲôطһ߼۷ʵ
طɱͷųǿطһ߼۷ȴǷǳʶ
ɱǱ͵ɱѵõ챦ƾ֮
˽ǿսһϵͳ棬ɱһֻҪս㹻ϵɱҲеöһɱ֮Уûд߲ŶһġǾǱԴɱɱͶɱ
ɱĶһѫǳߣս֮ϣֻҪʵնɱ۷ܹһ׹ɱ

ͩؾ֮Уõ˲ɱϵɱҲ֮࣬ɱȴֻһʮͨɱɳ򺣡һǸɵʨ֮õսƷɱͨɱġ
ɳͩݱ־ͩɲս֮ʹãʨҵɱͬòá
ͩõɱͩʨҵɱȺ֮лһɱΪԭ
ֻһ߼۷ҪܣֻͩҪ֮׷ϣҽնɱ
ϧڴˣͩһˣһ϶ûӵ
Ϊ˴ﵽЧĿģͩó㲻ϵƵĵơ
ԭĵһطס֮˵жӰ˵ж͵˵սرһϣΪͻ
ͩסԷλ߼۷Ķ֮󣬵һʱ䷢˹
ɺ罣ڼǵļӳ֮£ɱˣնɱһ߼۷
Ӱ㲻ɱңһ߼۷ֵ̿ؽе
кβܣͩ飬նɱһ߼۷

ͩոջ׼ϢڴʱԶһ׹⣬׹飬һӰڿС
࣬㾹Ȼð˳ԱӰǱˣڵʮһ쾮޵޺
޺ͨ壬һˣ٣ʾᳬǧ֮
ӵɲٿ׵ǿλ۷壬һķܹӵͬ޵е
Ϊͬ޵Уʵ׻˵޵
޺еٮٮߣݺսаܼ
У˵˵൱΢ġ
ȻΪǿʵѾҹȻȺ
ôһģҵҪǷκεңͩԵ˵
֪㣬ӰΪɱһЩʸƣһףʲôͬ޵Уʮһ쾮㣬㲻Ϊ쾮𣿡޺Цһ˵

ͩһ£룬ȻûɵӣȴǺʾ˵Ͼ͵
ӰƺľˣɢڿС
ͩûϳʼϢ
Ͼնλ߼۷Ҫ˵һҲûУƭ˵ġȻĶͩ˵ʲô⡣Ϊ˽ͩҪԺϳɵ״̬ȥһλѾõ޵
κһϵ޵ͩҪȫԸݲð
Ϣһͩ·ˡ
ʱ֮һƬ̲Ρ
⴦ߵһľϣһ޴̾棬Ŀ
ıһ߾ﵽʮӡ
͵һ˫ͭ۾˸ŵâؿڵȻˡʱ޺û˿֮ǰİǿƣ˵ĸоǳƽͣͬʱƽ֮У͸һǿҵźϡ
޺ͩվڷɺ罣ϣڿУΪؿһ޺Ϊ֮ǰ޺ڵ޺ˡ
һǧ꣬ʱ򣬾͵ӣöδϵҪˡ޺Ĭ˵

ģܿͲˣһ˵ͩһµķɺ罣Ϊһ޺
޺ûж˷֣ɺ罣Ȼֻܴ֣޷˺޺ı塣
ͩһȻûȫֻ̽Թˣ޺ıȷʵͩмȻ
еȷɱͩƽʵ
ǵġĽʧȥе޺˵
ͩ˵ͷеȹɱеȷɱ¹ɱƷҪǿһЩҲ֮ǰƿеɱ±ʱɺ޿ƥС
ԣ˫װϵĲǳƽģ˭ҲռϷ磬ͩװϵɱ
ʱ򣬴ƴľӲʵװľơ
ɷϣܹͩնɱһ߼۷ȷʵռװϵľ޴ơ
޺壬壬ǿǧϡ
𡪡޺˾ңֳӴǧߴ壬һ޴ɽһߴϡ
֪ǧ꣬ɱ˶쾮İ׳𣿡޺ͺһ㣬ġ㣬ҲˣҲȥ㲻ĴҸмȥǡԭҿʹ㣬㾹Ȼɱҵ£򹷻ÿˣɱҵĹһᵽʲô

ͩŸߴ޺˵ǹ֮Ҹ㣬һжûãҪǾ͵ÿʵˡϻ˵˵
֮ļԣƾͩľױҡģ
򽣹棡
ͩμˣһʩֻڰУġ
ÿһⶼ̺ǿҵķ֮Ҳһͨ㲻ʲôֲķ񽣹⣬޺Ҳжһͣû
ۺ֮һ
һεľ޴󽣹ƾո֣Ҳǧﳤ
ͩʱҲֳ壬ԶԶ˿ǧ֮ң
룬ֹǿߵķѡ
·һγޣͩϣϵس޺
޺ȻûܣƾͩϵسţʹӵеȷɱҲĲϳ
ɱ֣ͩ¾Ƶˣι޳޺ϣеȷɱıϡ
׹âǿĿ

۷ֲͣس֮£ʮ޾ͻ䡣ͩǧޣֱľҲûκε޺
ͩûƷ֮£޺ʧ޴ǰ΢΢ȲȻָٶȿ졣
ͩļ飬Ҳʮơ
Ȼ򲻶Բͩ
һֵĶվǰ㹥ȴ򲻶Ǻεȵıƣ
ӰûгԷڸһ㣬һ㡣޺εسЦ
ͩɫҲ˵޵Ȼһ첻ó汾κε㡣
ôӰ㻹ʵɣǾóƣܲܶһЦ޺˵
ͩȻ޺ĹսӦһսﻢˣˣľȻʧܴħԤ֮󣬱Ȼ˥֮¡

߰塪򽣹ڣͩһ
ֻһʮ
𡶷ֹӰ߾ֶʮĽ⣡
ֳһ޴ɽɵ磬ԲﶼܵӰ죬رɫӿ
˼˼޺Ȼںʮ˷ܡ
ͩ˵һЦˡ
Ȼ֮䣬Űľ޴磬͵һͣ٣⣬˲ѹһرɫľ޴羹ȻʧˣֻһȥͨĽ⣡
ָͩһȡ
һ˲Խʱռ䡣
޺Ӧ㱻һС
һ⣬ɺ罣޺еȷɱǽǵâȴֱ͸޺ķڡ
޺ϢȻʼЩңڶ̶һϢ֮䣬½2
ҪС2壬޺Ӵ̶Ⱥ̶ܼȶԶͨǧ
2൱ڶʮ߽ͨ壬һֹ

ҪˣһУ޺ӵһеȷɱǰ֮£ɵĿֲɱˡ
޺Ҫָ2壬ҲǶʱھͿԻָˡ
ãܺã㾹Ȼң޺ؿʼͩˡ
ܹ˵ңԺˣڣȥڰʱ䳤֮г߰ɣ޺ٲȡսˣΪĹսʧˣľͩڳһ˿
𡪡׽罵٣޺Ȼóط
޺ȻҲһɱѹţӴ壬Ȼ츳ӵеȷɱӵɱѹ֣ܹݺ޵У
׼ãϲԵĳͷɣ֮ŭ޺ľȷʵϵɱ߶طסͩȻʩչǿɱˣһС
ǿ򲻵ˣҲǰ״
ɵĳìͩ
ףȻǸ߼ͩ̾һľֻи߼򣬿ɱԶϡ
ͩɲҵûƶܣΪͽ޹ڶֵ֮Уõİ취ͲҪƶԲӦ䡣
޺ɱУͩȻеȷɱӲſԪռܡ
֮ìͩ
ڴʱռһŤϰٹﳤ֮ìȻڲСʮֹ졣
Ŀ֮Ӧ
̫ˣ֮ìֱĿ꣬ڵһα⣬ֱӹעì⣬ȻĿɱˡ


413  ͸
֮ìǱĳֶˡ
ͩĿǰΪֹǵһȫʩչԪռܣطͩʱ֮еķͼ򲢴ġ
ǿйͨԪռĴţйɡҪ֪ж󣬴Ԫռж˵ǼԪ֮ĹҲԪռ޵׶
Ҳ˵˵طԳƵϾԷ
ΪԪռǳףĻЩƿؿռ䷨ǸǲսʤĴڣ
ռ䷨ֻطһʽĴǱģͬʱֲǹؼ
Ԫռ俴һȴţҪҪǿŵĶռ䷨Ͱɫ
ĹؼȴԿף
ûԿףռ䷨Ҳûá
ԿףͩҲǴʱķͼ֮ҵСʱķͼȻγɵģ
ǣطת൱ѹġ
޺һ֮ŭǿǴﵽ߼ɱطٶһϣͺͩļطһ˼·ַеط

ôܣ޺ͩҲ¶֮ɫ
ͩջ˴Ԫռܣ˵ûʲôܵġ
ܺãʸñó޺һ֮ɫ˵
ڱ׽֮Уܹ˱أ޺˵ţһת˵
ͩЦЦ˵Ϊֻɱ𣿡
ɣԭ
ͩĻδ䣬һƬѩԭƾճ֣ͩΪĿʼӣǼܵ
׽ûбƣȴܵһĵƺԼ
ɶ㾹ȻҲɱ㾿ʲôˣ޺ˣҪ֪ս֮ϣɱϡɫ޵ĽײҲûռֱӵɱǿߣҲָġ
٣޺㱻ͿˣҾңһʲôˣͩмЦ
޺ŭҲӦ˹ԷûбҪðˡ
Ȼ񣬸ơӰ㾹ȻӵɱʸԸˡ޺˵Ѿ
׽硪׳أ޺ڶط׳أ

׽֮еȻٲһ£ΪҺ۶ɳء
׳ػ֮£ʮֹ׳Ӱ֮£κ鶼ܵЧӰ죬ʵۿۡ
ʵģ׳֮оͻᱻ֮ɵ
׳صļѹ֮£ͩıԭΧֹͣѹ÷˻ȥ
ãһ׳أͩ޵
ɱһ㶼ӵжطϵط
˵ͩ˵ɳ򺣣ĵڶطΪɳ֮
޺طڶΪ׳ء
оǱԭɱҲеڶطΪԳٻ
һԿɱڶضһãΪ˴ﵽ޶ȵظˣսЧ
ɳ֮ǽЧ
׳Ч
ԳɾǳٻЧ
˵ˣһЩ״̬ӳ֡
һӵɱĸֶսʮʵֻܷ߳ɣͣ
ֻɱܶԿɱĻӵɱĶ֣õķǳˣͶӲƴӲ֡
ΪѰ֣򲻹ܣǺӵɱĶֽ֡
һ֣ܶ󱻻ĥ

ҵľԳٻͩҲóڶء
ѩԭԭɢɫĿºǵס׳صַ
޺ڳ˼֮ջط˵У棡
ͩҲʱջ
˫öԷûа취Կȥ˷ʱ䣬Ҳ˷رͩԭڶ֣Ȼ˷ѡ
Զ̲УҲУ޺ֻóǿˡ
ûд޺óǽƾԶͨǿ壬ڽս֮ϣѹԵƺǿ
һԿܵĿֲư޺Ӵ壬ǵϯ
ƾѹͨǿߣ˵޵ĳ湥ˡ
޳棬˵֮赲ǿСڳ֮ʱһɲ赲֮⣬һ޷Ƶǿ֡
ǵ츳ͨ޽⡣
ͩȻȥֳʶԵĴ޵ĳ棬ȡ׵ķʽǾǱܵзâ
ͩ첽ʩչ֮˵޺

޺һתֳ˹ȫһֱײһеӡ
ͩԵԶһƳ
ƳĴΧԵ˺Ȼ˺޺ʱ֣ô޳޵֣»紫˵֮еһԴơ
ƣͲ
ѹ޺λ޵Ľǽ޵е
ڳʱһйǶþԵĹ˵ͨεĿֲпƿ֣
ҪͨεĿֲͩġ
þȫҲ
ͩѸ뵽˷õķǲ޵֡
ôأ𰸺ܼ򵥡
ǾǴ͸
ǧҪС͸֣
ֻһֹʽһϴ
͸ֹ֮вϡ棬Ƚϳ
֮Уû֪ԭ͸Ҳһϴһоޣ򵽱Դ֮Դ˳Ĵ
ͩ崫Уǧһŵĸ˽⣬֪͸ҲһŴ

ʵͩԴ͸Ҳֻͣڱ棬ͩҪоĻʱմ
ʱմͰ֮оֻϼ
ֻɺϵǡֹӰȻ̺˴͸һ˿¡
ʱմżһŴֻҪһŻ򣬾šǣǲ˽ĻŶﲻ׼˵ʹţҲȻ¶֪
ֳ˴еҪˡ
崫УͰǧŴţԼĵ·
ͩõĴУܹݣ̶ܴϾͩľߵ͡
ֹͩӰ֮ǰ֪Ȼ͸Ž
ǵ͵ֱָʱմĽš
֮£ӵһ絽ľ磬ֻͨ
˭֪հ壬򽣹ڣȻ̺͸һ˿£
ͩ޳׽֮Ҳõ˴͸šָ
Ҫùﵽ͸ЧҪ󹥻ԵļУŴҪоľѹСֻά桢ߵȫ⡣
临ӳ̶ȾԲʱմ
ѣ

͸ŴҲǳǿ
ǧ˵޷Ⱥģи졣
˵ʱմŴӵƿʱհأ֮ܡ
͸֮䣬κδڶ޷Ĺȥ
ͩԴ͸ͣŽ׶Σʹǿ͸޺ı֣ҲȻᱻŵеȷɱס
ͩԴ͸򣬶ֻܴ͸һѣ͸ľء
ͩȴԽ
ͩıʱȻʱմݻıֻܶʱմЧ
ɵʿıһͬãǾǼӳ˵Ρ
˵ͩļطֻи߼Բεľ磬ɱļӳ֮£Եõ޷طľΡ
ֻбſԡ
һʹɵʿҪƴˡ
Ϊһɵʿǵıĵƺ̡
ƽʱǲƵʹõģˡ
ԣָԣΣ򾳽εЧǴڵġ
ͩԼԴʹóļǣɱ̸߲侳ξͻᱻǿĲΡ

޵ʵȷʵޱǿֽ׶εͩ»װϵɱҲûаմܻնɱ޺
޵֪ͩͩ޺ƷǳԡǿķӴ塢Լ츳ͨеȷɱһͩǴ򲻶Ҳκβֻͩƽճ
ͩģռ쾮ģ
޷ܻնɱ޺ͩ޷ռ쾮ƽ֣ͩҲòκκôôǰһеŬǰ׷ѹ
޵ʵ𣿡ͩ̾һ
ɶӰֲҪܰ޺ҲûϵͩѲҪ֪ĳٶȿԴﵽ٣ٶ֮£Ҳл岻ͩⳡܴȥҲûнġ
ȵľȻⷽ޺ͩռơ
ԣ޺ȻҲ̫żս˷ǳ
֮Ҫԭھ̾ͩʵܹƽ֣֤ͩʵﵽ޵ĲΣ˵޵ĲҲ޽ӽˡ
һֿܣ˵λӰԲһĶ֡
޺£ƴģƴġ

˫ģ޺Ҫͩ첽ͬҪڿ˭Ųסˡ
ͩȴԼ̶֮Ե֮ǲǵġ
֮䣬ͩó˱ıͨط
򽣹ڣ
ʮ˲仯Ϊһڷɺ罣֮У
ɺ罣֮£ӳһıͨ⣬򽣹ڵĴ͸Եõ
ಡɺ罣ٶ̫ˡ
޺Ӧɺ罣͹۲
ʵϣҲҪںһУΪڳ״̬֮£֣εǿߣǿҲƲķľš
ԣ޺ںͩĹ
ɺ罣ϣȻɺ罣Ȼײ˳ȥ
ǵȻϣ͸޺޵֣û˺ַֺʹ͸˽ȥ
һ㣬޺׼зһˣӰĹ̫ˣȻܹ͸ɱ壬ѽ޺ڡΪķȻԷвֵһᣬˣܲ޺
֮µĵڶеȷɱػ޺塣
ڣԵֵеȹɱ£ųɵĹеȹɱڡ
ˣ֮ͬУɱǱȹɱ㡣


414  սʤ
͸๥֮в͸һ㶼һ÷ʽһ¥Ĵ͸Ǿǿռ䷨á
˵ӢԴĴսǵ͵ÿռ䷨ﵽ͸һֽ
ִ͸û̺͸¡
֮ͻᱻ鱦ɱֵΪǴս෨Ҳȫ͸ͩ򽣹ڣȴܹȫ͸ɱķĴ͸¡
ͩ˱鱦ıͨʹʹõĴ͸ƾһΡ
ﵽ˴͸صľ硣
˲䴩͸
ڴ͸޵ִ֮͸޺еȷɱı塣
޺壬޺ʱٴܴһ2
޺´󾪣ͩĹȻ˹죬ֱӷ͸壬ʤ
޺ºȥҲܲ
޺ڷǿʵĹҲֻԶ̹һЩĽ൱ǿǽĻǿĹҲûáӵɱĹܽһֱһȥȻɽһĽ
ϧͩҲɱסͩټͩѲ⣬ͩûа취ֻܱ
޺뵽ҲԥǲҪƴûдѹ׵ĵƣⲻΣĹͷ˵ҲûתѡˣȻɺӺһӰʱǡ

뵽޺Ҳûƴ˼ɴת֮䣬뿪˴˵ءֻһݻӰû꣬ġ
޺ˣͩȻм־ȣ漴һӦǰȱȥˡ
ͩһ£Ҳûȥ׷һ޵ʵǿͩʹ׷ȥҲδܹҲͩǽҲƵƣʱ˵ͩǿնɱһ޵
Ҫ֪ƺնɱֲͬĸ
ͩս֮ϳ죬ҲΪնɱ߼۷ǴܡܵĻԭ򣬱˵ˡ˵ȵȡ
ͺ޺ʵ𣿵ȻˡȴͩʮǱΪʲô
Ϊսñͩƣһʵֻܷɡ£ͩǺѰ顣
ս֮ϣ޵ϰ֮֮ͬʤAܹBBִܹCƫƫAְC£˵ս֮ϵʤҪ
޺ݺսô꣬ССһʤ
ԣܵ÷ǳϸɴ࣬һҲˮ

޺ˣͩҲԸԳصõ쾮
ͩ˾ڣһھ뾮֮ڵĶ֮£ڵңڽӽҴ׸ߵĵطһͻƽ̨һ۶۶֮У꾧Һ֮ء
ɵĵرɵͩȻܾ֪Ҳ̽
ֻͩҪ֪ٹһʱ䣬ջ֮ʱˡ
ڴ֮ǰͩӦ׺˵ˣһͩҪԵĿɾ޵
״֮£ͩ޷եǡ
ͩһȻԵƵͩȴһҲ£ս֮ϣΪĥ޵ѹƲСʵ⻹ǲͩҡ֮ġ
ͩ˾ʯھʯϴϢ񣬵Ⱥ޺ɺӺ
֮УͬҲһС
׺˵һλ޵ɺӺһֱڷ֮бչؿޡ
׺ˣΪ޺ɺӺΪ˶ռʮһ쾮ʱġ֮ʱ¹أÿǧ꣬˻ཻغ쾮ػ쾮һǧ֮е쾮ջ͹˭С
ԣ׺ϣʵвٵ꾧Һ

޺˷УҵɺӺĶûͨѶɺˣһˣԴʾһЩǸ⡣
ɺӺĶڹرգӲݴҳҲнˡ
޺һ䣬ɨһ֮󣬲˶Ĵš
ɺ֣ң˵޺кһ
ŹȻ𣬴洫һ˳ɣ֡
޺·˽ȥ֮Ҳȥ֮¹ر
λֱ
ɺӺȿʵǧ֮ڻʮ꣬ôô͹ˣ
򵥣ұ˴¡޺ҲûҲûмƽ⣬ֱ˵ػش
ô£ɺʵ
Щ꣬ӪӿֳһЩ㣬ӰԭΪӰҲ۷֮гһʱˣȴ벻ӰȻǿҶκβá޺̾һ
㾹Ȼһλǿߴˣʵ˵˵кֶΡɺӺҲû׷쾮Ρ
ΪѰˣÿһʱ䣬ܻһЩǿ쾮쾮Ҳһˡ

֮У쾮һֱ˫Ӫص㣬Ӫ֮Ĳ಻ʵϣ˫ռ쾮һֱǱ䶯ģرһ쾮䶯øƵ
ӵһеɱӵһɱΪҵĳκβ޺߼ӿһ˵
ɺӺҲͩעΪ޺ĳٶȾԲκβӰӰȷʵǳ֡
óҪǣĹ̫ˣȻԴ͸ҵĳ֣һܹ͸ҲΪǿһ֮£ܹʧ2壬вСӡ޺˵
ţˣǿ죬ӷǿ־ͨҲ˵óζԶɱּΪҲ˵ܱƣԷӳĳɺӺ޺˵侲ط
Ӣͬ޺Ҳ˷ġ
Ϊ࣬ȻǿȥܹǿɺӺʹڽ洦ƣóս˵ܾܿǽսС

ǳȷӦúܾܿͬһǴӵ̫ã鱦ȱ㱻ܺõ޺˵
ҪԸܼ򵥣ֻҪƶٶȣѰȻƾʵֻҪ군ˡɺӺ˵
ȷʵˣ޺ͷͬ
Ǿ֣סٶȣȻѰǺʹǲҲðˣ쾮ɺӺ˵ףշⳡսУȡ쾮ĿԳ80
ҲãɻָˣɺӺʵԵСɲΪС£ʹüƻʧܡ
û⣬ٹһ¾ָܹ޺ظ˵ǿ󣬻ָȻҲһǿһЩҪָ֮øѸ١
Էһһ̡֮ɺӺ˵
λ޵ֶԵУлһλóսĸ֡
ͩпܻʷƤս

һº޺ɺӺȫʢ̬˵ʮһ쾮ǰ
ˣҵǺþˡͩ˫ۣҴ֮˵
λɺӺˡͩ޺ߵһλ˵
ɺӺ䱾һͼԣǸ֮еǿߡȻߣһǵ˴ҵĿ϶ͬ
֪ͩɺӺľ֮ҲȻ𾴡
Ϊһ֮ȫ֧ǿߣԭòս֮ϣս֮ϵ
ȫԼҵĵϣһʵۣȨߵĵλ
ǣˣٻ󣬷Ȩƺ͵λ
ֵļᶨΪ˸һ¥ԷܵʿԲСӡ
Ӱȥҿ֮ĶԹһʹɺӺͻȻ˵
ΪɺӺҲͩɢĴݺ壬ɴϢˡ
սı֮֮ûޣܹս֮Ȼòˡ
ͩȴǺҡҡͷҪõ쾮ҲҪǳͻڡ

Ȼ޷⣬ǾͽУɺӺҲɴ࣬Ϊǿˡ
ɺӺһӣɺӺ嶥ͩ࣬ķȴԶʤˡ
ӺƵһԵơ
ͩȴһչܹ˷ӣɺ罣ΪǵصسɺӺӿȥ
޺˵һߣûеһʱսȦ
ҲᣡɺӺҲͷԼķɽ
һߣɽ·һĴٲһ㣬ֱӳͩ⡣
ýͩóɺӺʹһӦϹʱڵţ侫̶ȲͩġֹӰй֮
ɺӺһƻͻͣǧһӱӿûһС
ľҪһһơ
ܲɣһ׽պÿͩķֹӰ
ɺӺһƿغͰգͩ
ϽƣͩĶƴϴ·硣
ͷߣͩó˽ɣɽ⻯ɵĳߣֱӸ򣬴ӲͬĽǶȳɺӺȥ

ƵɺӺл˷ɽսһ䣬ޱ߽Ϊ֮ˮӿ
ڵͩľ֮ɺӺĽһ䣬ӺƺƵرͩ
ԾںͩĽһ䣬ֺΪһԾںȻס
Ծ˵ɺӺǰ
ɺӺóеȷɱסһ
ڽƴϣɺӺȻһ
þɺӺȻһУȴΪ̹سϵ
ٽңɺӺĽһ䣬ӱͩͬʱһ㺮ֱӶˡˮ
ͩһȻɺӺûʲô˺Էеȷɱķ֮£ʮһɣɺӺʧٷ֮һûдﵽ
ͩ漴л˷ɽһͩǰΪֵͩס˶ֵķ
Ҳȫá
ڽ𣬽ӱƱͬʱ亮֮ȴȻӡ
ͩڲ֮䣬Ȼ˵ζɱرֶ֮óٻ
ڣ棡޺׼˻ᣬǰ˳档


415  
ͩڵٶܵ˺ܴǣ޺ѡʱǳͩѾδʱ
޺ͩҲԶһ棬գۼǰ
ͩ޺棬Ʒǳ
Ԫռܣ
еȷɱ֡
Լеȷս׵ı
ͩʶ֮еʮʱҲԤš
ͩɲɵΪ˱ŵƶӲһ޵ȫһ
ˣԪռ޺ĳײһ𣬷һȻ졣
ԪռܣԴӱ֮ͩ󣬻Ͼûб汻ƹΪ֧ͩһǿķ
ܹԪռܣַֻһǶԿռ䷨򳬹ͩһ־ǿþԵԪռܵķޡ
һɽһ޺Խٱٵļٶ֮ײĿ³жǿ
Ԫռ飬޺ĳҲͬˡ
޺ȴͻȻ֮䱬ǿսͩϵս׺Ȼ֮伤ķ̡
ײáˡץҧ˺̵ȵϵشͩϡ

ԭ޺еȷɱֹܣһؼ汸еɱ޺־ͨս̴ĸϣӵ
ֵֻ֣ͩһϢͱƣʣµĹͩеȷսױϡ
ͩһֱڰ򣬵ǶԷƵ÷ǳλͬٴҲûаͩɳȥǽͩԭأϵʩչ̴ķʽͩȫûл֮
ֵĹȻǿǾս׵֮ͩʧ΢Сǻٳɶ࣬޺̴ͩȥᱻԷ
ڴͬʱɺӺҲͩͣع
޵ȫͩҲòܻ䣡
ͩһ̾ԼĳʵҪ޵ǿһЩر޵ϵĬͩһ˲ʧȥȻ
ͩһһߴʮ㣬ׯıȻ֣֮ͩͷӱ֮ϴ£סͩܡ
ַΧڣ·ֳ޾ʱգɣûһܹﵽͩϡ

޺ɺӺʱͻƳ֣һ
벻ͩȻһɱ
⣬ѵǶɱɣλеģһ۾ϳʱһɱֻǶҲҿ϶Ϊɱɱ֮ѵõı
򣡡ͩһȡ
ʱ֮˲併٣ɺӺǸǿ޺ͻȻһʱյѹѹϣ޻֮رѹڵء
ʱ֮Уʮʱգͷųʮʱյѹӳڵϡ
˵ʮʱˣʹһʱյѹѾ൱ֲˡ
Ժɨµκʿ
Ҳ޺þȫǷ˵Ҳ޷ֲֵѹѹ
ķǳ֮ǰúõģռžԵϷ硣
û뵽ͩͻȻ֮䲻Դˣֱó˴˵еĶɱ
ͺ֧ӶŲǹ֮ĳڴ̣ͻȻ֮䣬һ֧ҡһ䣬ִĸ߿Ƽӣʲôɻȫϣ̫֮Уһս
⻹ò˻ˣ

գͩúǷϻֱʱ޵С
ϵɱʱǿޱȡ
޵Ĵڣжɱ٣ȫѹ
˱֮ͩ˰ʱѹţ壬ֱ˯֮ͩǸūˡ
޵֮ͩŲòΪʹɱǣҲиһ죬ֻū۲ͩġ
ͩڿūһǸ߼۷Ѯʣµ޵ɺӺ޺
ūڳ˯֮С
ͩɺӺ޺ϣõһߵ֮꾧Һ
ͩзֳʮߵΣūڻָ꣬Ȼӿռ佻ƽ̨֮Уõ˴ĵرָ
Ȼϣʱʱٿ̵֮ʱڣͽūָ۷塣
̶һʱ䲻ͩӵλū֮ͩɵöˡ
Ϊ̫ͩ죬̫ϡ
ɺӺ޺ûа취ͩӵжɱҪ鱨ȥ
걻ū֮Ǿսϵͳ

ӪӪսϵͳ󶨣ֻҪ˱ūۣ겨ͻı䣬ͬʱҲʧȥ趨ųսϵͳ
ҲžūԷսΪӦĿԡ
ūͬҲİ֣㲻ȥǵҳϣȫ˼ңֻǶһֶ˵ӡΪȥҲһüͷ˵ӵгµĿֲӵǱ
λָ֮󣬿֮ͩ󣬵һʱڵأޱȵ˵ݼˡ
ţԺ˶Ҫչ꾧ҺǾغţ꾧Һ֮󣬾ͽռҳ˵ͩȻΪ˻ָūͶһ꾧Һϻһء
ҪЩ꾧ҺͩƣҪʮʱ䡣
ͩŹκһǿĻᡣ
ˡλͷӦ
ͩһʱ֮УͩҲûʱתĹΪ벻öһ
֮ͩ˵һ˥
ʱǹ̶ģͩʱٻǲãôʱ䡣

˵˥ɹ֮ǰͩǲʹʱٵĹܣ
Һͩҡͷ̾ԺʱΪǿǿӣȴûж
ͩҲףʱ԰ԼѹĶ֡
ͩʼһУչ꾧ҺϾʱ
磬޺ɺӺųսϵͳϢѾֲӿ
Ӫ˾ҵķ졣
ΪλӪ޵źܴӰ
Ǳųսϵͳֻֿܣһ־ˣһ־Ǳūˡ
һ֣֤ӪһλԴܲɱλ޵ǿߡǱƵģҲ˵λǿߵʵˡ
ս֮ϣӵдܲɱ޵ǿߣֻмļλһ˫ǿߣߺսӪҲԲλ
ֵӪ֮͸١һⶼռߵε쾮ľ޴档
Ӫһ飬Ӫ֮г޵ûж֣Ҳ˵Ӫһλ޵޵֮ǿһеĳǿߡ

ʮһ쾮ʧʹӪ쾮ϣһӪ
ӪǱߣò˹飬һЩڲ߻صʮһ쾮
ӪһˣΪпһͷ顣
ˣֱ޻ˡˡѪˡˡˡ
޻˵ʵǿ֮УԱʿһֱ쵼ӪսԵ
ռһʵҲǿ
ѪһȺս֮ϵĶɱ齨ϣʱֻҪӪ㹻ߣӪһЩܡ
Ҫ˵սϵͳ֮£ôֳܻӪ֣սϵͳ˴©սȥҲû˼ˡ
ǲҪߣжԲߡ
ûдս֮ϣӪΪܵǳܵļأûĸʿɵôˡ
ս֮ȷʵܣǲҪˣһʽ⽻ס
ûдѪ˾ͨ⽻׵ķʽƿսϵͳļغ;ٱ

ĸˣˡһȫɷʿɵһˡ
˵ĹģӪ֮Ӵһ
ˣӪ֮ҲһƵˡ
ΪȺս֮ϣЩСеȺǿͨᱧΪıȡ档
ҲΪӪԣճԱ˵ı׼ҪԶˡҲ˵ļԼڲԱݬʵֻӪ֮У
һˣһеˣ˵ʵΪǿͬģ˵ĳԱ֮ٵģΪأʹ˵һֱסûĸ˵ƽʵȵˡ
ˣȫˡһԱڶ࣬ݬ롣һԱϡ٣Աʵƽˮ׼֮ϡ
Ҳֳǿر
һͷ飬˵λ²μӡ
޻˵ִλ顣
˴ͷȻҪΪ۵ʮһ쾮ᣬ׺ȫûĴ£ҲһЩ׺̸С

˰СʱС¶ˣֵ⡣
һʦʮһ쾮¼˵˵ϵĴ㣬ǻȡʲôĶķӦֻ۱ֻۣ֮ˡ޻˵
׺˱ˣҪǲһ㷴Ӫ𣿡Ǽ˵
ǰѪΪûǾ䣬˭˵Ѫʾ񶨵˵
˵ϸһ¿˵ʮһ쾮ڼºͻµ꾧Һ
⻰ڳˣҪռС
Щӵв쾮ĲҵԴԴϵصõ꾧ҺҲߡ
ǲҪˣÿһ˶ǼҴҵвٸҪԼ꾧Һǳ׽⡣
ҪչԼҲҵ룬ֻѡǾڲⲿ֡
ڲʵΪǾǰˣõһ쾮ơֻⲿˡ
ӪʵҲǳصģȥᣬҲ˵᲻õĴ۾Բ١
ӣӪǱͻȻðһ˳˵ʮһ쾮ƵӪҪöԸöࡣ


416  ʱ
Ҫˣ׺ѾˣҪǱߵ̣ףʵϣֻҪһӪǱ߾ԲŹûᡣǻȥǸðļһԲŹǵϳڵ
ڳ˳Ĭ˵÷ǳȷ
Ȼγ˹ƽǱ򣬵ǲҪˣϾս
лᣬӪԻŽһµɱ
ֻҪ͵Ϯ˵һ쾮ܹþ޴档
Ǹռʮһ쾮ļһ˭Ƕʵڲ޻ͷӦ
ȥ鲻ˡ
ܺýͣӪҪͩĵϸʵѡ
ֻ죬Ͳͩݡ
ӰӪһ˲ﰡ̾
ࣿЩˡѪƵ˵ûдս֮ϣȷʵһȣӪǱ߿һӪΧɱҲԲһΧɱ
ҲһսǱ򣬳޵ǣǶȺΧɱ޶ԣôҲһֱ۷ˡ
ָеŽһ¶⣬廹еġȺĽͬʱҲȺܹ۷һ̬ȡ

ǼȣôҲԶˡ
һ׻ǾɢˣͲôˡ
һǶ˵ΧǿǾΪ㣬¾ȥȣҲΪԽ࣬Խǿ
ΪʲôҪôս֮⣬ǿɾԶˡ
¾޶棬ЩɳսĿģǿӪһΪ¸Ѻʵ
һ㣬Ҳǲ֪Ϊ棬ΪȺչΪһЩԭҲò
һĲˣûǿƣ󣬽Щս
ô죿ӪĴǡ
ǲᶯһˣӪǱҲһᶯ˵һϴƵľơ
ȳƽľԼάǱܾܿͻʧ⡣˵ãһս˶ùҪǾսʧܣݣߺսͻܵľơ
νǣһȫ

ڳߺսľ޴棬ͬҲս֮ϵΡ
Ϊ£ʧȥߺսǺɾʹˡ
ӰǹƥܹʲôҿǲɳһȺ֣򲻹ǾȺŹඡ
⣬ǻܴ򼸸ǻֻҪͿռ쾮ͬ
ûдʮϰ۷һԸһ޵ɱλ޵ǰõİɣ
ÿ˳ʮ۷ǻǰõģĻ޵ǿûгͲӪҶˡ
ӪǱҲͬյϢϾôĶҪǻ֪Ǿְ̫ˡ
ǰ֮Ӫͬ䶯
ӪȻһλ޵һͬΪ壬ٺòˡ
Ӫʵֶһ쾮
ӪļҲڿ۴¡
ˣߵҪɢһЩˣ
ǰˣռõ쾮

˷ֱǣ˻ˡˡˡˡþˡȻˡˡ
˻˲ö˵ߺս֮齨ĵһʷƾã˺üڲɰ˳϶ǿɡ
˺ʹڶ͵Բɣ˵ǿ쵼Ⱥĵλġ
ȫɵģ൱Ӫİˡ
þ൱İѪˡȻ൱ˡ
λο£˻ȿʵ
Ǻ°ֶһ쾮ҿҲ򵥣ܹصס쾮쾮ģҲ˼Ҵģ飬Ӧ֧֣𣿡ֵ֧
ûдǷ֮Ужʮ߸СˣٶһҲûϵҲʾͬ
ֻҪӰ˰ǵĹ£Ҳû˵
ûб̬ҲûбҪٱ̬ˡ
ãǾͶĸˣ춯лǾͲܷŹ˻̹׵˵ͬʱҲܹӰѹͬʱ֪ͨӰйĶ

ҪɳʹʽӪᡣҲǿߣȻŹ£ֵͬĺ¡
ţͬ⡣
ͬ⣡
Ҳͬ⡣
ڳ˶ʾͬ⡣
ţ˵ͬʱӵҪ鱨
ף徹Ȼɳһʮ۷ǰʮһ쾮ô£˻ʵ
ֻǳ۷ֻӰˡ
ǲҲӦΣƻӪļƻġڳ
еķգ㿼ǹûУʵ
ͺӪĿһͬǣһȫľơ
Ҳ˲սһս⣬ټӰ޵п顣
Ǳ߻Ҳɳ޵սӰʵսǱΪȣԲֻһ޵ս
Ӫòɳǿ߾ԮȻ̬ԽԽ󣬺ܿܿƲסһӪȫλսĵߣһȼôӪֻᱬһηǳҵĴս
ʤҲۣʤʧҲС

һֽǶ˵ͩ£ҲȷʵӪ֮ƽơ
ô죿һͱ¦ӣҪƨɲɣȻҡͷ
ˣӰǲżսûжõˣЩƣ糬ȻԣȷʵЩçײǲܼȰɣ˻̾
о׻ո˵Ǵɲһ۷ĶӰӦóеĺҲҪҪǶסǱ߸С֮޵ǿߵĶȻ֯һڰ;֮ԷĵڶܵԮþ
⣬ͬͷӦ
ȻҲʾͬ
һ£Ҳͷʾͬ
λҲֻͬ
˵ˣȷʵǳе
ܲӰǼһﴳôĻռһ쾮˾޴ĺôҪװɣ
ֻҪ֤л޵ΧɱӰѾ㹻ˡϾҲרҵɱķġ

ͩǱȷʵ֪ͨˣͩȻʱ֮УͩûźŽգս»ܹϢ
ͩȻ꾧Һǿʱͣš
꾧ҺڼʹҲԼرͬꡣ
ֱһʱ̣һʱ䳤ѡ
꾧ҺĵرԲң൱ƽ͡
ͩյӪǱߴϢ֮̾׼
һʮ۷֪û޵ѹȷʵӦǰ׼ˡ
ͩ˱ϵ쾮ڡ
޺ɺӺͩԼͬذڵأһͬμˡ
ɣѮأͩʵ
·ԸΧػ޺ڻش
ͩ˵ͷлɣӪ˶ɳһʮ۷ǿӦԣ
Ȼɱˡ޺ؽе
죬һĿɶǸ߼۷һʮλ֮࣬ҪСӦܵġɺӺֹ޺
ˣ֮ôˣȻռ䣬Ҳ󷨣֮ԸǣǱӦԡɺӺתͩ˵

еֵͩȥ
ϧ֮Уûʦǰ󷨣Ǿͻռݸơ
ⲻ⣬ҿԲͩһ£˵
ʲô󷨣ɺӸ˵ؽе
ᣬд˱֡ͩóһ̡̿ϵɱͩص֮еõĺô
һֱͩΪ׵ʵ׵һ
ʵ⡣
һã˵޺ķս׾ǵ͵Ĵһͷõɱ
ͩʮʱҲһģһáĹøȫܹѹˡ
ҲһģԵ׵ʹãܹãҲͩЩŲġ
ǰֻһͨɱĹý׵֮á
ֻҲƾղҲҪ󷨵ͼܹ󷨡
̿Լصͼޣֻ֡
һּ֮󣬾Ͳڴ˻ٴμµͼ

ҪµĸͼҪɾɵͼܹλµͼ
һƣǾǼͼļܳһĵȼ
ͩϵɱỊֻܼ̇ؾż󷨣ʮʮϵ󷨾ûа취ˡ
Ѿ൱˲ˡ
Ҫ֪֮ѧҲѾҪΪ츳вŻŲܹȡóɾ͡
ʦҲ֮ϡٵְҵ֮һڱʦҪϡ١
Ͼʦ̫࣬вŶѡⷽ淢չ
ʦȻҲ󣬵Ҳʦô
ȻʦĵλҲʦ
ս֮ϣʦĵλǳԽʦ
˵ֻҪʦˮƽĻս֮ϣŶᡣ
˵̵սӵʵʵôߣȷʵŶࡣսŶӵͩҪ
Զʱڵ֮Ҳ޷һּΪҪ󷨵İܲΪֹȥǿԼѧϰ󷨰ɣ
ҲˣԶ֮ĿƼˮƽоͼʽɱ
רŸʹõɱ


417  
ͩİصһ˼󷨣Ϊɰ
Ȼۣȴִ󷨣ʵʵڵϹ󷨡
ԪޣԶʱ־ʱϹʱڵָ󷨲ɱɱʵؼӲѱ飬ǲƵɱ֮£Ҳплָɱ鱦鱦ȻԣԺܱܵ˵ȫƣ£鱦ԱǿԱ
ɱУɱҲɱ
ɱƼԶ֮߿ƼᾧĿƼѾԽ˵ʺ;񣬶֮µ
ԶڣɱȻ֮ǿʹõͿɼһˡ
ɷܹڻڴУҲɱá
вɱ֮У̺һʹúƹ֮ؿӡȥĲɵС
ɱ٣ЩоͲܱϾ
ϹʵɵһѾʧˡ
ܹģͺͩеİһǰɱ

ɰͩ˵ɵʮ󳬼ɱ֮һʮ֮һɰ
ͩõĴ֮УҲӦĽܣʮ󳬼ɱκһܹڻͨƾ˳ѼԪܹκһ͸ĻԿɣ棡
עˣĿɣָĲڡԶ֮ʱڡ
ǸʱҪɣ棬ѼԪĴɶʸ񣬴޽ֻ㡣Ҫģֻ漶Ĵܡ
ɵ֮еĴָľ֮еļԪ񣬴޽ɸڴ֮ϣʥ
֮ӵʥĲ𣬲Ĵڣǲبδ֮ʮ
ԪŴ󳬼ʮ
ʮԪһ忿֣ѸȺʵڵڶλ
Ѿߴ󳬼ԶԶ˦ǵĵֻһλԪˡ
֮еļԪףӦľɵ֮еĴ޽ɡ
һѣʮԪҲûһλԪ׳

ɰڰ졢ءţзڲغɰƺɰУϲ֪죬²֪أв֪ɳ󣬷˴ɰˣ̺Ǿ촷ۡɷ棬ٲӡ
ɰ󿰳ƾָɱһ壬ɰɽɣӡ
ֻҪ´ȴǽ̴ʹô򵥣Ҫõĺɰȸþߡ
ɰĺɰϰִƷͼ֮УƲϣͩҲܹӿռ佻ƽ̨֮ȡ
֮ˣͩòѮƣͩѲѮ˻Ȼ󽫲ϽѮٰʱ֮Уָһ֮ʩչʱٵͨ
㹻ʱȥƺɰ
ɰÿʮƵķȻܼ򵥣ȴΪʱ;
죬ͩɺӺƣͬʱȥרС
޺ͩȥʱˡ
ϾʱļҲ伫޵ģܴﵽ˲ϢĿֲٶȡ
޺ܹȡһʱ䣬ʱձ֮оͻһʱ䡣
ǱҪϵʮһ쾮ҲҪѰµʱ䣬ͩ㹻ʱȥ׼

һʮ۷һҷģķ鱦ͩڵʮһ쾮
޺Ҫ쾮ڵһؿ
Ǳؾ֮أ⴦ؿͨܶߵĸ߷ɽǷɶɲȥ
ÿһ쾮ľ޷ɽţֻһЩɽɽĹذͨ
Ȼʮһ쾮ҲֻһؿƵĹؿȴҲ١
ʮһ쾮ʮ崦ɽȱؿ
޺Ϊõ鱨ǰ˱ؾ֮غ
ʵֲ㣬ͩɴֱӰѷսŵЩɽȱؿҪ
Ӫ˶ڣͩǾԱȲϵġ
һʮһ۷Ǹ߼۷ͳǵλйֻһεشܹͬսĸ߼۷
λֱ޻˵аצ֮һа塣
˵ӥۺ֮з֧ӥ塣
Ѫ˵ĶǺ
˵ʯͬ
˵Ĳ塣
ÿһվɻֲܷεĸ֣ɱļҲɣʵѾڳ޵ˡ

ʱһξ͹˰¡
һҷ۴߻ԶƵ޷ȥ
װϣλʸվĸ߼۷վһ̸Ŵ˴ж
һεأҲΣաҪԸĺܿһɱλ޵ĳǿߡʯ𾪵˵
ǵǿߣԲǵеùģҲбֻҪЭĽ߱ǡǺҡͷش
¶ûоԣһܲܰ߿»˵̾ǿһͨ壬Բĸ޵Ȼɵ֮ң޺̹֪޺ǿͲսʤ
һεĶ־Ȼܹһ֮׺˵λ޵ʵ̬֮һ붼
ܳ£һɹӥۺᶨ˵
ɶӰȻӪҵùаצȲؽе
쵽ˣؿ쾮ˡٹ죬Ӧûᵽʮһ쾮֪ͨ׼ˡʯһת˵
ؿѾˡ

ͻȻ֮䣬һ޴֮ìԶͻϮ鱦ۡ
۱һû飬۶ġ֨ϰֹסơ
ãϮ
ۺ䳲һ㣬ɳڵ㡣ڷδ֮ǰϵһʮ۷ȫ˳
˭
󣡡
ڸ˵Ķӳ켶ĵ֮£ܿͽΡκܿ;£һλӵĴ֮£Ӧս
ܣ𾪵૵
ʯ˲ĵаצһʵ֪˭Ϯǣ
޺ɫѿ
ܣ
޺ӦѾ˲Ŷԣô
ڳ˶ɵӣûϴ˵Ļɾʹˡ޺ѾӪսϵͳų⣬֤ûǾֻһͣܲūˡ
ԸѾʵ
ǺһҲûʲô޵ȻٷҲʲôϡ顣սκ¶пܷ˵ս֮ϣͬҲ֮ա

ǰһĻǾ̫ˡ
һ޵ףϾ޵Ĳ֮ҲǿҪɱһ޵ͷǳˡͬɱһ޵ܲūһ޵Ǿ͸ѣ
ܺ⣬һ޵Ѷ1ɱѶȾ1000ܲū۵ѶȾ100000000
ܹܲūһ޵ǿߣǿµĳ̶ȼֱսǰУڳưߺս
Ŀ
·Ҫ϶ǵĲ²һ㡣
ƶһȻ۴ĸǶȿⶼһֻޣ
ߺսֻһֻǾ޺
ǰ·ͨ޺ֳڹؿǰ棬ȻͰͨˡ
Ȼ޺
ڳеλӵɫѿֻ޺·֤ռʮһ쾮ӰȻһǿ󵽿ū޺ĳǿߣǿߣս֮ϲָݺ޵С
˵ֻһʮ߼۷ٶʮҲκβȿֲǿߡ
ǿǰЩ߼۷˼һӲ

ô죿ӥۺûа취ˣڵⲻǶɹؿ⣬Ǹصľơ
ҪԵĲӰһ޺
ô죿Ȼǳˣʯԥ˵
ˣǻûеطӰǺηʥûмҪˣȥνаצΪѵʵ
ǵĶһһϣܹƴģߡ޺޴κƴģҡͷ̾Ҳиߵֵ֮ġ
ձ岻ǿŵٶȱһЩ
Ȼ޺֮ҲǼռƵĴڡ
޺ƴģǸЦ
ҲܹƴùĻô£мԻŻȥģ
޺ڿ˼ҵūڳô˶ƴˣΣɱһūûоáǵĿ껹޺ƴһ㶼ֵ
˵ˣڳ˾ȫƴҲδܹɱ޺ѵ޺֪·
óԸӰɱﵣĺӦڵ顣
Ȼ㱨ȥɣôĴɡаצ̾

ȻҪƴɱǻĲһ޺
ڳһʮλ߼۷аצλź޵ּвܵʵ
Ҳʮλ֮࣬ҪƴǾԲ
޺Ҳһ㣬ûǿֻ·ʱˡ
Ϣܿʹ˳ȥ
ӵϢӪ˵ϲ㣬ɫࡣ
ɶðļһȻôǿ󣿡Ƶؽе
Ϊ֮һԻڿǵĲðģδ¡Ѫ˵
ɢ֮УͬҲгǿߣȴǿ߻Ҫǿ
һҲϡ档
ʮλ޵һ϶ɢޡ
ǸԿɢޣǴӳڣһеһгĴ֮⣬ǿԼŬġ
δãѾӵ˺ƽƽʵǳԳ֣κβӰ̾
Ӱʱգ֪ͨаצǣǻɡ޻ϵֵҪǵάս̬ˡ
ڳһڸ֣᲻̬ƶӪΪΪӪӿһǿߣܻܿսƽ⣬һʧȥƽ⣬Ӫ֮Ĵսֻ


418  ʮ
ߺսӪӪʵǾģΪߺսĺģŻԵñս
ҲߺսӢһȺǿߡ
Χ˻ĶһȺ۷Լ̵սľӢսӣΧͺǸ߼۷վסš
ܹӰսƽľЩū޵ĳǿߡ
ͩе޵ײ֮УҲȷʵôСʿԶͬʿǵʵ֮ǿ֡
˵ƮѪһ͵ӣһ˴սʮ޵նʮ֮࣬ū޵
ߺսսƽʵѾʧ⣬ҪɱƮѪڵߺսܿѾӪĶռˡ
ƮѪƳս֪帶˺ִ۲˫Эߺսָֻƽľơ
һͩĳ֣Ӱսƽ⡣
޵Ĳλ֣г޵ǿߣдܹͬǿߵ޵лɱ޵Ķǿߣоū޵ĳǿߡ
޺ɺӺֻǵڶײ޵ˡ

ǱҲʵҲӦƵķֻܹѡ񰴱ԲӦ䡣Ϊܹū޵ĳǿߣǿ֮߳⣬ѱɱ
˵ж޺ͻȻָƣ˻ͷβĽ֡Ķ黹ûмͩ棬ͳ˻ȥ
ˣ˳ˣǷ׷޺ѯͩ
׷һһЩһʲôèùͷͩūɱ˵ĹѫҲϣðײá
ͩչ꾧ҺȥˣɺӺͲѮǼźɰĲϺߡ
ȻΣѾͩǾӦþ콫ɰɣб޻Ϊá
Ӫָֻƽ
º꾧ҺͲͩ쾮֮еõʮ꾧Һջ񲻷ơ
ͩոջµ꾧ҺãӪʹ߹
ֻһѪ߼۷Ѫ
ͩΪȡ꾧ҺأҲ쾮ڽӼλʹߡ
𾴵Ӱˣ´ϵʺ򡣡ѪһѪĴ磬Ե÷ǳš
öʲô¾ֱ˵ɡͩżɽ˵
Ȼˣ¾ֱ˵ˣѯʣǷԸᡣѪʵ

кȨ棿ͩһˣԴȷʵ̫˽⡣ᣬͩȴ֪Ƕʮ߸СɵģԿӪȻҲһЩǿûм룬ԴҲ档
ȻᣬΪ˵ڶʮ˸ˣʸϯԱУȵս򡣲ҵõԴİֻҪ˹أÿһ꣬һϴƴᡣѪش
ͩˣνϴƴᣬǵĺĿ֮һ˵ˣҪͩµõ쾮ֻ֮УȻմ·䡣
ȻԸ⣬ҲκΪᣬһλϾʵǿ󣬶һࡣѪ˼ס
֮ͩ࣬󣬵λȻͬն
ͩһ£ڻشʵûȤ쾮ҿԽ쾮תøᣬת÷õ⣬ҪһĴ𸲡
ͩȷʵ뷨ȷʵҪ꾧ҺûǸʱ;ȻѾ˲꾧Һܴܿﲻޡʹ˳꾧Һ֮ͩҲüռ꾧ҺϾһԣҪ꾧Һ

ʲôҪ쾮Ѫȵؽеʵ벻ͨͩΪʲôҪôΪһ쾮Ȼÿ겻ʮң쳤ؾãջۣɾͺȥˡ
˵ˣʮ꾧ҺҲǼΪӴˡһ꾧Һ൱һͨɱÿܹջʮͨɱһǿԴԴԴϵҲ
ӰʵǼᣬպ쾮ķҲλĳǿߣ壬԰ǵռ쾮档
ʹǱҪø쾮ҲϣΪĳһõıɡ
Ѫ쾮ǾɵΪֱ췽ҹ̷
ͩ϶صͷ
ϧͩʮһ쾮ͩ
ͩҪ꾧Һֱģʮ쾮ͩһĿꡣ
ͩҪһ쾮Ϊռݵ棬Ҳѡʮһţѡ쾮

Ѫ͸˳ȥͨѶϲ㡣
ʲôӰҪǿ쾮һ￴һɢޣһ˳ԱȫҲӦھȫȨȡ棬Ҫ̫ˡϲܿ͸˴𸲡
ݣҸ𣿡ѪرͨѶ̾λӰǳ۷Ⱥ޵Լɵﲻ
Ѫ˺̸ͩ
һ쾮תãǰҲûڵġԣ쾮ۻᰴո쾮ƽʮģڸϡ
Ҫ֪ûĸ˻ܹһó꾧Һģ̫ˡ
ԣ⸶һ㶼ǲȡڸķʽоϽأɵ浣˴
Ѫûҵ̸ϹΪͩǮֻҪΧ֮ڣһЩһЩûйʧҲûкôã̸֮ͩҲýͩ
ǮҲѪһҲۡ
һ꾧Һлһ֧ͩ

ӰˣҲ֪ϲҪһ濼Ȼ󻹵޷֧ԼǿǩԼϻдڣк;˹֤͵ҲõǻʡѪ˼˵
û⡣ͩͷӦ
̸нʣµڲη⡣
ºɳ޵˵أʽͩǩԼҽӹ쾮ĹȨңǱԼפս»ҲɳҪԱ˼֤͵
Լĸڶ˰֮Ϊͩһ⻧ͷһ꾧Һʹͷͩʱȡá
˫ǩ˺ԼȻһ֣Լͬ˵졣
ͩǳɴش뿪ʮһ쾮ڣ漴ȥƮ죬֪
ͩʵҲûȥֻǻص˷֮Уӵ
ûѹͩȻʱձʱٹܼٵһĹʣΪȫĻĻ൱޴ġ
ʱձ֮У޺ҲƺɰС
ͩҲʼ꾧Һ

࣬ͩ˳꾧Һ֮󣬲ų׼һ֮ĵ뿪˷С
ͩеĿĵزö˵Ƕʮ쾮ڡ
ʱķٶȣͩ첻ͽ뵽쾮ڵķΧ
ʮ쾮ڣͬȺɽ޷Χţֻʮؿ쾮ƽﵽʮҡ
쾮Ӫ֮У˵һ˵¡
ӵλ޵ÿһλϵĸ֣һλ⼶޵ӵ쾮൱ǰڸ߼۷Ҳʮλ֮࣡
Ϊʮ쾮֮е꾧ҺԸ˼Ϊӣλ޵ڴˡһλ
֮УͩңվŵС֮ɺӺ޺Ѯվͩǰͩ㱨һЩ鱨
ˣռ鱨ʾʮ쾮ºֺλ޵⻹ʮ۷ٿһ߼󷨡Ѯ㱨
ͩҲû뵽Ѯڰˣó鱨Ĺڵ֪֮ͩҲͽ鱨

ˣºʵ֮κһҪǿһ˿ֺ˵ս֮Уɱһ޵Ƕ֡޺˵
ңǳֵĻҪˣҪӪķӦɺӺѵ
ͩɺ˵˼Ƕ¶ʮ쾮ͩҪԵĺܿҪӪѹˡ
ͩԮԲΪͩƴ
֪ͩôʹƽⱻƣһϵкӪսĻ
٣أҵĿĺܼ򵥣㹻꾧Һͩ˵ս֮ϣԭӦûһЩ̫ͩˣһҲ񫡣
һɺӺ㸺ΧЩ۷ٶ̱ת޺ڶԷ״֮󣬵ºȵɺӺΧֶ֮Ըת档Ķ־ֺ
ˣū;Է˵Ǵġ

ͩҲں棬ԼʱܲܶԸһ޵
ְɡͩ˵
ɺӺȻǵһ֣ҲᣬȻֻǶԸ۷ʮ۷ɢ쾮ΧҪתľҲСȻɡ
ͩ޺Ҳ˱ֻвѮʵ̫ɨսһҪⲿı仯
ֹ൱Ҳǳ
ͩ޺Ȼȴû֡
˴߸ʱң쾮Ĵһ϶ŭ˭ˣ
ˡͩ˵
ɺӣɵ˼޺ϵɺӺʵ
ɵ߸벻һʱ⣬Ȼõڰ˸ĿϢ˳ȥɺӺʵ㱨Ҳ֪޺Ǵʵġ
ҪܡͩͷҲص˵
޺תͩĻ
ɺӺյͩҲ
ڴͬʱ޺ָһֱڻӦǸһ㣬ŭһ໡үүڴˣֳһս
쾮ػ޵˻ӦĺԼͬضһۡ
ã޺ºϳ޺Ϣ
޺ˣҲ˵ӰҲˣֺɫмּɵ˵
Ӱ޵֮еĳǿߣܹūͬǿߣɲһܹȵģɲɵҲɲء


419  
ºĬһӿڵпܡ
ֺվһ䵶زһ˵߰ɣҪȥһλӰжǿ
ºҲףʱǲսӣֻӲͷƤӦսˡ
ºҲȡ˱ֺߣݵس޺ڵķȥ
޺ŲһӲͣ
ˣˡ
ͩվ޺ԴϣŲԶλǿߡ
¾Ӱֺվ޺Դϵͩƽʵ
ǣһǳ˵꾧ҺȻ˵أǿԻͩͷش
ݺսϰ꣬ûвսӹܹū޺ȷʵЩʵ죬Ҫʵܹѱôõָͩη˵
ȻˣǾɡͩ˵꣬𣬻ΪݹԶȥ
ֺ˵׷ȥ
ֳ޺º
º˵ǲǵȵ˺ֳֺʤ֮˵޺ɲɵºʵǿһЩҲԿֻסº
ҲãºҲ޺ƴһūƴоֵãοҲδܹɱ޺ҲֺӦڶˡ

ֺͩɵһĻҰ֮أռ㹻ˡ
ɡͩһŷɺ罣˫սס·սһֺӸµȺŶֵս
ֳֺ䵶սⲪһ˳˳ȥ
£
ֺȽͩʮ׾֮һ͸
ɾڵɳͬʱȻ֮֮䷢ı仯
ͩ·һ޴أûɽû˵أûƣûз磬ֻһƽĺˮ
ͩǰȻ֣ͩͩսϣһ֮ս׵ķ֮ͩܵϸ΢ˡ
㲻ʲô˹Ϣһ¾ָܹ
Ȼ֮䣬ƽĺ洵ˮۡ
ԭܹȺһϮ
ͩȻɵȥӲˡΪ֪ȻЧ
ͩУǲ赲
ڵϮ˲䣬ͩ˲ӳǾ֮ײ˳ص

ɹ鷢ˣԭͩסĵȻ֮ʧˣǲǱͩסʧǴԭĹ켣ʧͻȻֳĵط֣ͩ塣
þͩЩԣǻþֲǻþ
ţǰ˵Ϯ
ͩͼýƿȫʧˣס˵⵶Ĺ켣Ǳ仯ģǰһĹͩĴȣһϢֱͩļֻߣǰһϢ׼ͩԴһϢֱֻۣ֮ûйɿԡ
£ƻã棬ʵתˮ¡
ԭǾµİ壬طͩӲô൶֮Ҳ˶һһЩʵ
ӰȻͬ죬ȻôͿطһЩʵǣΣ㵲𣿡ֺͻȻƮ죬ֲӺη
ͩһһƳ
һдΧط֮£沨ӿ籩Уһĩվ
Ƴɢ֮ûһָֻƽ
ûõģҵľôƣǱƾݺսֺЦ˵֮еĵ֮ɫ˭ó

˼طԭͩͷɱ
һƬѩԭƾճ֣һ˲ӿͩƬƽĺǣͩ£һƬ޵ѩԭ֮⣬Ҳû
򸲸ǷΧ֮ڣͩȻûзֺټ
ˣô£ȻʲôҲûз֡ͩüͷаֹ
ûõģӵɱΣͬѲ˾£ֺЦ
䣬ǹĺֳˣֻһȴǵͩͷ
»ֺغһ
֮кȻһ£˸֮⻪͸һɱ֮⻪ɢ¡
鷢ˣͩоȫ»ҫ֮£ĶоһУ·صĸ׻һ㡣ǣͩȴÿϢ0.1ٶš
Ҫ֪ͩϿǴеȷսףıͩٶȸֲ
һ»ͩûʧȥ»֮УǾˣҲȻֹ»ϮǽԪռܶͷҲһסֻĵٶȽһ롣
һطʵ̫ˡ
־һЩͻʧ»֮£ֱҲ޷ѹ

ãΪӰü־ǿ־һԵ֮УܹʶѵĶ֮һΣȻѲ˰ˣֺ˵
һ֮£Ѿ޵ţӰǵ
ͩüͷ˼һż׾ͱľģҪˣ޵ɵԳɶ졣
ͩûҲ޷һ㣬˯֮Ϊһ½չ
ͩڶ죬СδرСȥڶ˷⣬ȥ
ΪʲôΪ֮һƬ
ֻͩһװĴСͩ洢Բ޺ȥǿ
ƣ
еñʧʧеá
ʧ֮䣬˵˭˭
Կ϶һǣ۳־սͬȲ˵ġУûǿķǡ족֣Ц
ͩעϣٶȣͩԺͶԷϼ꣬á

ͩעǷڹ۲Ĳ֪ǲǻþġþ֮С
ȻɱȫͷųҲֵκټǶԷĹǴӺζ
Է»֮䣬ͺطһ㣬Էȴ
棬ַ·Գɿռ䡣
ͩŷ˼Ȼûб仯
ͩǾʮֹ죬ﲻԾ
ȻͩʹʱѹĿռ䣬ѹһСȻⲻͩеɻ
ͩ޵ˣͩòϣʵֻװռƣӲʵϣҪ޵ϵǿߡȻҲͩûгϵư壬ǿطҲǱˡ
ͩȻ˳˼֮С
˲֪ãͩеľһ˳
ͨˣԭˣԭˣͩͻȻЦ
Ӱװǻһ׶ԱЧ㻹ʡʡɡֺмߵ
ͩŵ̧ͷЦǺǣȻԣһ£֪ж˱ƭɵһ
ֺûлش𣬱ֳĬ

طԳһ磬ޱߣ͸ʵ˵ףطֻ˶Ŀѡܹùԭֻһ𰸣ǾƬռھһȱԭҪ߼磡ͩ٩٩̸
֪δֺͩĻҲɫ䡣
Ҳ²һ£еıԭҪ߼磬ȻǳԸ߼ɱͩ󷽵˵õɱȻʹõҲûУòרŴһطڸĴڣȻҲϵɱϵɱ
ϵɱɱԻʹϵǿ߶ġ
ɱɱȲöɱɱӵۼǾԱȲ϶ɱӵߡ
ɱӵߺͶɱӵߣҲսϺ˵˭ʤ˭ۼɱԱɱҪǿǧ򱶡
ʹˣͩʹʱʱ򶼻ȡ͵ķʽһ㶼ڡ˵ϵɱɱˡʻۼĴʿԹʹãڲƲ¶׵С
ֺɫѾüΪˣ˱ŷǿҵɱ
ǿҵɱױ¶ڡ
ͩڴʱͻȻ֮䷢ˡ

ǣͩһս֮ʹóԶ̾ѻõļǣǼΪӳطʹá
ɶ񣡡ֺӦӦͱһУʧ1⻹ط˾ųɵĽһͿɱ
ֺҪ뿪λ
ͩĹ̫ǿˣһ֮£ʧ1壬Ҫʮֻ׸ˣ
ܣôףͩһߣһţһߴʮķⱦͷϡ
ڱһɲǣ޿ײ»֮ĳɱ˱ڱ֮⣬Ҳ޷˺ͩһ˿һ
Ҫ˵ɱıͷͩеʱĪˡ˱ѹ죡ǿ󷨡Լ綼ѹ֮£Ϊ
򣡡ͩһȡ
ͩʱյѹ֮˲ѹɱ֮磬Ȼ󽫷Բʮ֮ڵе˽ڡ

ºһֵ֮޺ɺӺĹԵüΪǱϢҲܴ˰ٷ֮ʮӡ
ɾͩʱʱ򣬿µʱ֮º˲ѹڵأã˼붼ֹͣ
޺ɺӺԴȻİҲǱһշºһҪǿһ㣬ͬ޷⡣
ôܣɱ㾹ȻϵɱĶɱֺȻҲͩʱѹţҪºõöࡣ
Ͼһߵȼɱǵסʱѹ֮ȴҲ˼붼ѹĳ̶ȡ
Ծľͩеϵȶɱ̶ֱȱϵɱҪϡС
˵еϵɱܹϵǿ̰졣ôӰеϵȶɱԻʾϵĴܷЪ˹
ⶫڴǾƾ˾ܹԼüεʵУǻԴԻɱ֮
кβܵģͩ˵
ѹ֣׵շ޺ɺӺԭˡū۱ûôףֺҪԱԸԱ䣬ȸΪ˵ū
ôףͩһ˵


420  ɰ
ֺºͩѹ¯ռ֮У޷֮رĥ壬ֱ˯
ͩ«ưǸūˡ
ͩҲ˵λ޵ϵõ˾޴ĺô
꾧Һͩϵõ߰ٶΣ
ô꾧ҺͩҪߺŻأȡбչ񳿵һ꾧Һ
Ͼһ˿꾧Һ޵ģһﵽޣ꾧Һýֻڻָˡ
ҲΪʲôܹж꾧Һ·˳ԱΪ˵Ĵǣ꾧Һﵽ˼ޣе꾧ҺǲƸһ֣ıƷ
꾧ҺΣͩݵԭֺǼϵɱ
ͩؾ켣ǧ꣬ؾ֮жûҵϵɱӰӣõֻͨɱ
벻һˣһ쾮ܹõһϵɱ
ͩڿ˵Ѿһϵɱϵȹɱϵȷɱϵȷɱϵɱ̡ϵɱϵȶɱ˱Դɱ⣬ͩĴһס

Դɱͩõ̫ˣΪͩ޵ɵͩĶ֮У洢㹻ͩһеȱԴɱ췽
ȻͩĶڶɹԪ֮˥󣬾ͻԻСǧ磬ǸʱͻʧȥԴɱá
ԴɱԭǸɵʿ֮пԴ洢Чԣʱ˵Դɱͩû̫á
ϵɱͩı˱Ǿ״Ϊˮ¡ھЧͩҪ֮Ż֪ҪҪԴط²Ƕʱܹ쵽ġ
ͩū޵֮ȻҪԴǻָ۷״̬
ʮ꾧ҺԼԴȥʱձʱ٣ֻ죬ֺºͻָ۷״̬
ݼˡָֺ֮ºͩǰ
ǻָ˾ͺãЭ޺ǲȥɡͩµʵֱǿˣһ޵
ֺʧȥ˾ˮ¾֮ʵôҲºǿһЩ޵㹻Ӧˡ

ģһźúõعĳ롣
޻شеӰҪʲô𣿡
ǲĬȥˣҪ֪ǼһԽԽˣȻ˶ʮ쾮ɱ޵Ϊֹһλ޵ϣǱһ̵Ľѵôȥˡǵ쾮ȫˡ˵
û޳ɣ͵
ȡжһ̵ĽѵѪҲţӰΪӰǵ档
ӰҶԶʮ쾮֣˭ܱ֤ǰǰ쾮֣
ȻˣǾþս׼սʱƣٻĸ֣ҪǰӪս׼޻ǳ
ã֪ͨ˶ս׼ɡҲͷӦ
ͩΪѾ˵ĺ湹صвǲò練ͩôȥǻᱻơ
ɳ㹻ӰȻ󾯸ӪǸҶǾս޻

ǱҲڿ۴¡
ޣ⣬Ӱһ̫ˡþԴΪΪƻȺòάֵƽ⡣
ҲΪһǳõĻֻоʮſ쾮λΪȺƽֲ̫ǣǲȫռ˻ûн²þĻ⣬һҶĵĻ
ⲻӦôأȻʵ
ҵõϢӪѾս׼ˣǾΪӦԵ˿ܷսҲս׼лĸ֣׼ʣ׼˵ڶ˱Ӱһ᲻ϧһд۶ضʮ쾮Ǿ͵ſϷˣλӰɲöԸһӰ˴ǾΪǿǿս˻Ц
ãսʹ˷ܵؽе
⣬Ϊʲôҿ϶Ǳ߻ӰԸһӮˣô죿ǾԮǲԮʵ

ģ֮ǰѾǱߵõϢ֪ͨӰ׿ڴӦһᾡȫɹȥ֡Ҳһܹūλ޵ǿߣ㹻ʵͻķˣ˵ˣڣӪҲȫԸ˻⻰˵൱ֱס
ʲôӰλ޵ѹǱ߲ϧǿսҲҪԸˣһֻ湻ݵİȻ̾
ǿļһȻԻ˲ðԵ̾
˻ʡաλˣҲΪˣΪҲ࣬ԽǿǵݾԽ
ͩȷʵӵ˻ͨѶ׼ĵԼ鷳ʱͩȴһм
ͩ£λ޵Լλ
Էܹɶ޵˾Ͳˣɶ˾ǸӪĿսûᡣ
ԣͩƶԷ۷ӦûȽ϶ࡣ
ͩѾڶʮ쾮ڲ˺ɰ
Щͩ󷨣һ
ɰȷʵͬ죬ţһݣ˼󷨣ʮ
֮У󷨷Ϊʮһͣʮߡ
֮Уܹʮ󷨵󷨴ʦ֮١ﵽʮ󷨣Ѿ漫ˣѼԪҪڴ˻ʮ󷨡

֪֮ͩʮ֮ϣи߼󷨡ǾͲͩԴˡ
ͩյɰҲֻͨϵɱٿغƾͩˮƽǸֳɵͼҲδܹ󷨣˵ٿ󷨵תˡ
һϸʦҪ᲼󣬻Ҫٿ󷨡Ҫزٿ󷨣ֻͨԭſ
˼Ѿ㹻Ӧĸ֣ʮ󷨾Ҳͷ۵ģ
Ӫս׼Ѿ׼òֻ࣬ûһսǱڼ֮ɳǧλ۷λ޵죬ʮ쾮
֮УӪһ𲻻ᳬʮ࣬ƽһ£һӪҲͼѡ
սϰǧ˵ȷʵһЩ
ǣҪˣ֮еȫǶǿߣΧĶ۷
ĺ֮еĶǿ֮һ޻ͷ֮һ޻Ĵڣ޻˵ڶ֣һδӵ˾
ǧ߼۷൱Ӫʮ֮һıôıòӰĻ¾˻ҲԶˡ

ʮ쾮ڣһƬ
Ĵ˳ؽɽȱؿ˶ʮ쾮ڵķΧ֮ڡ
޴ɴ֮У޿ŷɴϵͳĻϡ
֣ɨ赽󷨲ȷǰ󷨴ڣ󷨵ȼǰ˼ɴԻ㱨
ɣǾ´ǰɲʲôõĽصˡ
λ޵ĺ֮󣬴ǧ߼۷˷ɴųһΣźɰԵȥ
ǰ棬ûäĿش
ʦУƽ󷨣ʵڲУҲҳ󷨵ʵĺݵ
ǧ۷ֻվλʦһԿʦϡˡ
λʦʼʩֶΣ̽󷨵ķӦ
ͨһרҵĲ֮λʦһֱܺþһʶ
ĺӦһ˼󷨣ӷӦӦһɱ󣬶̼ʽڽڴ벻֮䣬Ҳ˵ڲûп湥ûõġһλʦ˵
Ҫֻлٵ̣ǽ֮еĲٿɱһʦ˵
󷨵ŵǴⲿ޴ֻд󡣶ҲԣֻһֻۡҪƵ̣֮Ϳˡλʦ

Ҳ˵Ҫǵôඣĺһ򶨵˵
λʦ˵
ۺڣǽ֮ؽ󷨵ۣĺʵ󷨵ľʽɱж󣿡
ɱ󣬺ܸܿ߼۷Ҳ޷κǣ
Ҳ󷨵Σ˼ɱӦòɡһλʦ˵
ûдͼܹһЩòϸˡڶλʦڵ
ǿԽһͿ֪ˡλʦ˵
ĺ˼һջûλʦգΪҲʦϡкҪ
һһЩ⣬⻹λʦڣʱҲ˵
ĺһЩֽȥ̽һʣµĲȺһλ޵վ˳˵
Ҳã˵İɡĺһ£ͷӦ
λ޵ٶλ۷߽֮С
ٶ̤󷨣ʧˡ

ȻǾ׵󷨣ȻԳɿռ䣬Ϊ˼󷨡
ǿ󷨵תʽڵȫһҲµòĻӦڹŴ󷨣ĸŴͲö֪ˡ
ԣӦǹŴ󷨡
ʦ
ĺ󷨣Ҳ֪ŴҪִǿһЩ
˼ĹŴ󷨣һɱܹܿ;żɱᲢۣ뵽ĺüĻǺκε֮еӰ
תһ룬ҲӰܹƵŴ󷨵ľתֻҪû˲ٿأǾż󷨣Ҳۿۡ
ֻҪͼ弶ʦҲܹó˼󷨣󲢲̫ѣѵǲٿءֻа˼ʦٿذ˼󷨡
ӰıϺܺò飬һλʦ˵ȼߴ˼󷨴ʦˡ
˴ŰСʱʱ䣬ĸӰǱش֮˳
ʱλ޵ϻٶһЩԵ˺ۺӡǡ
ܴ0̫ء
Ϣ˵ʧûнٷ־ʮ¡ȫʢս
ɰÿֲĺɰ춼ǣÿµ󷨣
ĺ̫׶̫ˣһȥɰɰιһЩģֱӻ촷ۣɱɼһࡣ


421  ޿κ
ɰÿֲĺɰ춼ǣÿµ󷨣޵˵
ĺ̫׶̫ˣһȥɰɰιһЩģֱӻ촷ۣɱɼһࡣһ޵
أĺʵ
Ƕˣɰ̫ˡһλӳ޵˵
ʲôô죿ĺɫ˲ŭؽе
ĺڸôһλ޵侲ʵݺսôˣʲôĳûмǶܿѹͷĿ־壬ָ侲
λǿʲô󣿡ĺתͷλʦ
λʦһۣҡҡͷ̾ٵۣɽ⡣
ȻҪ󣬾ͱЩµĺɰɰǺͷǿ֪ĺҲûǿѣһǶʵ
Ϸںܾǰһ֮ϷûдĻӦΪɰϹʮ֮һȼȻֻа˼ɱִʮɱˡϷܣʮȷʵѶԸ˶ڣܹӦġ
Ҳƺɰİ취󷨾ͽ޽⣬ǿˣҲһλʦ´˽۵
Ȼ˼֣ĺе

λʦĬȻϹžҪôƣҲᱻ֮Ϊˡ
ĺ˽ȻϾֻʮһ󷨶ѣ治޷Ƴλʦһ»ش
кηĺϲʵ
ɳľǿߴֱۣƵۣôԽšֻǰҪʤػ۵ĵз֡ʦش
ĺ֮˳˼֮С
λϽָʱ䣬һ˽ȥ̽һ̽һЩʵ׼ȫ׼֮һǿۡĺλ޵˵
ã
ˣ
һҪɶ󷨣
Ҫָɵ󷨵ļһ
λ޵̬ͬĦȭ׼һѩǰܡ
Ļ֮䣬ٳ߼۷λūͣ̽󷨵ʵνòˡ
Ҳۡ
󣡽֮ʲôҲҪܣֱٶȳ󷨺ģҵڡĺ
ǣˡ߼۷ԥس˺ɰ
λ߼۷һ󣬺ɰɰ衣
λ߼۷ͨɱŷ֣ܺɰ˺󲿷־ǰ档

Уûֻ˵
֮еܹͩؿ󷨷Χ֮ڵһжλ߼۷ȻͩĶĿ
˵ģ󷨵ĲٿأȷʵЩշ硣ҪȻ֮ǰҲλ޵ȥ
Ҫ̽ڣͩһ۾Ϳλ۷Ŀġ
λ۷µ壬Ӳ˵Ҳ֪Ǳ˵ūˡ
ⲻ֣Ϊ޵м۷ūˡ
ο޵ֻһλ
ûйϵžǣҲжūġͩ˵
ɰڣֱǰܹҵġ
ûͼû󷨴ʦָƾ輸ҳڣ٣ڳ˵Ρ˹ʺˣ
ͩһܹҳڡ
ʵϣɰ۲ģƫļʮ
λ߼۷ںɰ֮Ѱ˰Сʱľ䡣
ͨϵĺõ˱ݣλʦʼ֮ڵĵκͼ
ţ۷ū˳

ʱһΣһڹȥˣڳеǿߣɳǧƵūӸ߽߼۷С
߶ڶֶ
úū̽ͩ󷨵ʵڡ
֮ͩﵽ޶ȵ˵
ЩҲūʵū˻Ҫ¡Ϊûп־壬ֻ
һ£ǻʲô
ܹĵ˵ūͩѾ׬ˣʽƴʱ򣬵˺ȻǧͩҲǳͷ۵ġ
ڱս۷ѾΪһսӵһŵѹ֡ֻڻҶѡ
ҪСЩڻңôԿĿ϶㡣
һ룬ǧ۷ڻңһ嵽ǰԱǶôֲһ£
޵ͩǿߣҲ˵ܹĿֲϮ
֮⣬ӪĴѾЩʿܴˡ
ͩģΪʱϵԽãԽ
ĺߣʱϵԽã˵Խǲ
ԣҪزȡж

ôûв󷨵𣿡ĺλʦʵ
ˣһ㣬ֻһѣ԰ꡣҪ֪󷨷ΧԳɿռ䣬ǧǧλֽ̽Ҳ˵ܹƿһСڿɰǿһԿ϶֮еĺɰǹ̶޵ģĳһһЩôȻһһЩҪԸ޵Ҫдĺɰһҵ֮λǿĺô٣ǵѹ൱޴Ϊ˿϶Ἧд֮кɰԸǡ
һǸɴȫֱϮܴۡ󣬲ôλ˻ᱣȫʢԸԡλĺʵʦ˵
ó̽ȷ֪֮ͨ˼ϣս׼ĺ
ûСңȫҵ̬Щ֣屾֮٣ųɾŶʹ͸ĸ֡Щ˵ĺ̫⣬֮ͣûǿǲЩûмֵ

ͩҲ֪Է̽ЧģԷʦȻӵ֮޾ĺɰȻ޵ģҲǹ̶ġ
һǺɰƣͬʱҲǺɰԼ󷨾Ͳֻǰ˼ˡ
ɰ޾ȻҲ޾ôɰ󷨵ȼʮļܸߡ
ǲܵģеĺɰֻ졢ءŷλڷţܶҲ١
ÿһɰɱ޵ģҪֲ
ҲɱͨҪڵĺɰ
ôɱ۷Ҫǧڡ
Ը޵Ҫڲֹ޵࣬ɰܹȷʵޡ
һ㣬Ҳͩʼϲģȵ󷨰֮󣬲ٿһڵ󷨣ͩʶɰȱޡ
ͩ뿿һ޵£Ǿ̫ˡ
ɹˣҵˣںɰ֮УЦ
Ӫʡ
Ӫ֮еλ޵ĺΪ׵λ޵Ӫ֮г˳
ճӪʣͿݹգۼ͵ǰ
Ǿеλʦ
λʦ˽ĺʵͱһҪӰ˺ƬѾ͵ޣ͵Ȳˡ

ˣ۾ڡλʦ˵۷λڡ
ܺãλʦȥϢɡĺûλʦҲ嵱ڻңϾʦԾĺҲòӺء
һжȻһڣûʦ¾ȫûҲûа취ҳ֮
ˣһ֮ɱӰ쾮Ҵսãᰴսʱַҡ˭࣬˭ͷֵöࡣӰϵ꾧Һǲ٣ҾԷ񡣡ĺҹʿ򵥵ķҵʿ
һ£ʱȫڣ۵ŹϷӰңǿ֪λӰƽˣӵеĲƸԲСĿ
ԴƸĿѹжںɰļɵͿ־塣
е˻һƱͿ뿪ƽˡ
е̹㹻Դ֮Ҳۣ뿪սҸʺϵĵطչ
ӽǧĸ߼۷ͬǿ֮µūλ޵ǿƵūﵽǧ֮ڣ
ĺΪǿߣҲóǿūһλ޵ǳ޵ǿߣҲСӡ

λ޵ū۵ūǿĲ߼۷
о·ͼ֮󣬴ұΣٶȳ嵽Ŀص㡣𣿡ĺ·о·ͼ
ÿ˶յһģһо·ͼ
·ߺܼ򵥣һֱ߶ѣֻҪ֤ȷˡ
ĺһ֣ɰ
ɾǧǿߣͬʱ˺ɰ֮С
ʱĺɰƽһƬ
ǵɲ֮䣬Ʊ任ӿɰ𣬻Ϊɰˣųߡ
Ŷ찡һĻһЩսϡٵĲ񣬾е
ŸʲôֻҪǿķĿص壬Ҫ;źѹءĺŭ壡
壡λ޵͵
壡ǧʿǸ͵
ȻǧλԲͬǿߣķ·һһ㣬һͬǰȥźɰϮʴܲ˵سͩ۳ȥ
൱ȷĿһ֪

֮еͩԼĸūؿŷ֮ʾһС
ˣǷڣѵֹ𣿡޺ѪڣսⲪҪȥɱһ
ţλ޵ĲöԸͩӵǴͷλ޵ֻҪǳ嵽ۣ۸͵ֵǵֻǽֵನͿƵۡ
ϾֻۣݻȡɲöɡҪºɰͩһ
;µĺɰҪ󣬱ô۵ǿߣȻƵۡ
ַµĺɰֻҪҵۣҽӽۣҪ󲢲ѡ
ɱ󷨣ʹ󷨣ȱ޷ֲġ
һ˵ĺɰʵĵġĺɰǿĵġ
˵ˣɽկĶ죬ġ
ⲻܹͩҲְ̡ܹ


422  
ͩǲܶģΪֳ̣Ҫۡ
Ҫδۣ˳ɣͩһ˵ĸȥǳĺ޵
ˡ޺λ޵ͬ˵
ͩϵɱˮ˳ջԼӡǣֺʹãΪֻܷӳ˱ܣͩõ˱ʱ䲻ֻǳ˵еطʹԭ˳֡
߼ɱܹ֮ʹõģÿһ߼ɱ̺İأܹܹԼиһİָ
λ޵Ѿս׼һǰȥصˡ
ʱѾн֮һ·̣ǰ֮ĺɰ籩ɰˡɰɻȡɰǵȣŰš
Щ籩ˡɻȡǶɺɰɣû´ǣҲֻǻΪɰʱ¾ۼһ
ӪĴʼһЩūȿʼܲסɰʴһһرɰɣΪ촷ۡ

ū֮ԳΪ˵ūΪǵʵСҲܱūˡ
ΪСҲԽ졣
ЩūΪСü죬ǵˣҲͬù
޵ԼһЩ߼۷֮⣬ܴ½Ҳ10ϡ
ѾشˣΪ·;û߹֮һʧ˲أ»ûߵĿĵأڳʿ󲿷ֶڴˡ
ʱʵѾˣֻﵽսһȷսͱӣûλʱġ
սأߣߣ
նɱӲͷƤϣսպлᱻ
ҲΪԸԺܶս֮ϣ
ĺ޵ڵľǳ⣬ϾĿǰΪֹǵ΢΢Щɰȷʵˣǹ̶ĺɰƽ̯ǧʱټ޵ǿ㲻вֻһЩС鷳ˡ

ٶǰ壬һ嵽Ŀĵأۣǲܰȫĺز
в֮£ÿһǿǱʵŲ˺ɰвҲɰɵӲźɰĹǰͻ
һǵоٶֵ˾޴
ֻǰһʱǰ֮·̡
ֺλ޵ֵҲһЩ߼۷м۷ͳ۷֮ūֻͣںͩս֮УûʹãΪʹҲûã۷ʵ޵ǰ
ִսĳ֮£֮ǻЩáλ޵ūͣһжʮ˲һսСӣƣһЩе۷ǻ൱ɵ顣
޺ɺӺºֺλ޵ҪԳĺ֮λ޵
ѹС
λһӦ֮еļһһһûɣֺʵ
ֺҲӪʿǶڵ˵˽ͩҪ̣Ȼֱܹĺ֮֮Уū֮⣬˭ġ
ֺطϵɱ֮Ȧļһ֮УŰɱ⻹ǲġ

û⣡
Ͱ˵İ졣
ҵĿ
޺˸ԼĶ֣Ͼشԭصȴš
ͬӪλʦĹ㣬֮ͩУطֲĺɰѸټе˴ڵķλλĺɰֻά֮ϡ
ڡǧڡںɰɺɰ籩ֳɰ˸򣬴ΧӪѹѹȡ
ЩɰĹ֮£ÿһ룬屻ĥƽÿͷԴϣ˺̫󣬱һÿ뼸ܹĥһλͨĸ߼۷10塣
ɰҲ˼Ϲ󷨵һµѾǧ֮࣬ǰ߼۷֮ڡ
Ƶϣɰ
ÿһ۷µɷҲᱻãʹһ
ԣӪλʦҲȫԡɰĺɰ޵ģǹ̶ġһûдҪ˵ɰҲޣǾͲȫˡɰɱеԽ࣬ȻԽǿϼûޣ

Ӫн֮·̵ʱи߼۷Ľʿ䣬һʿ䣬Ҳʽ˴˵Ļ
Сʿںɰ֮¼ֵҲԽ̡
ɰ֮УƴҲҲΪɰ֮⣬ɶûС
Աһֺɰɰ֮Уź֮£ĺɰᱻ֮ۡ
ԭʵغðˡ
֮·̣ʵнٶȼ죬ȥʱ䣬Сʱûдﵽ
ǿ쵽ˣ벻ǵٶȾȻ֮졣غ֮·εļλ޵Ȼ˵˿ûаսĽŸС
˷ԸˣҪδۣ˳ɣҿӣµǵܹʣɾͲˡ޺ٺٵЦһֻ
Ҫ˲ŻʡȴǺܶ鷳ֺҡͷ˵
׼ãҪɻˣúøɡɺӺһ£׼õ۷սӾ͵վȽԤص
ǵٶȿȵֶˡ޺ؽеսڷӿš



ɶĺɰ
ҲҪһƱҾ׼ˡ
֮ǰʵغţ˷
׹ЧӦˣӶ۷ǿ䣬ȻչƬƬǰһϢֻ£һϢͻʮλǿ䡣
ʵ˵ҲȷӦ˯Ȼںɰĥ֮£˯֮ɢ
ͷ·½Ƶģһ߼۷һ߳ƵǿߣͣشӰ֮£ز¡
ϷӰ쵽ʿġ
λѾнһˣѾû·ˣǰл˻ȥ϶ûҶףʱֻЭһأۣٵ֮ǲܰȫ˭ųȥһλ޵еһ˴ҵľʿ
Ĵ̼֮£ʣµǿǣ˾˵Ǳ
ٶȸ˼֡
н֮ĵ·ʱǧλʿֻʣ¾Űˡ
屣۷״̬ģֻλ޵ѡ
֮⣬˵ĳ̶Ҳڰٷ֮ʮϡ

ܹڵĸ߼۷ǿķɱֻԶͨǿֻӵǿķ
֮ŭ޺
ϣɺӺ
˷۶º
£ֺ
λ޵ͬʱǿȺ幥ĿʦԶӪб
ţλ޵µūҲ˸ԵĹȴǵһ㣬ûĿĵȫĿĵԹ
ͻȻϮЧǳ֮á
һ빥֮£һϵĸ߼۷ʿ䣬˯Ĵﵽٷ֮ʮľ¡
£ûеۣĺеǧʿֻʣһɲҶ״̬»Ĳбʣѡ
Ϯ̫ͻȻĺ޵׼ͬҲһֲֻüԱ
޺ɺӺȻǡ
벻ºֺҲΪ³
ĺֺĳ֣ɫҲһ£ڼɵֺֺʵǿȴҲȲ
ĺɵܹѹֺūֺӰ

λųͽȾ޴Ƶľ
ǿߣȷʵƾ
һ㣬ĺҲҲ޷ϡ
ū޵ǳ޵Щǿߣֻа벽ѣ˵ʲôʱͿͻƳµ
ĺеһԱκ˶ҪҪūһλ޵ǳ޵ҲǼΪѵġ
ҲҪʱ˺͡ʵĽϲܰ쵽Ҳôֻӵ޵ūһǳε޵
ӰȴһӵĸҸ޵ϵġɵǣһλȻֺ
ֺʲôǿߣĺ᲻֪Ȼǳε޵ҲǶ⼶޵ϵ޵Ҳλ֮࣡
Ϊɱ޵ûʲô˲ģʵϣܹɱһλ޵Ѿ൱˲ˣ֮ͩǰһλ޵ͻȡӰ֡
ӰūۣλӰʵ֤ս޵еʵ³⣬ߺսѾܹˡ
޵ǿߣܻѣҪɱȴѣWūˡ
棬ĺѾܹκλӰˡֻܹۣ󷨣Ȼ׼ʱȫˡ

µû·ֻӲͷƤ󷨣лϹ֮УʵǿԱҪǿϼֵӰҲ֮Σˡ
Ǳģһĺǳѡ
ֻҪܹߣûܹסǱǿ޵Ҳ⣡
λǾ仰Ѿû·ˣֻƴлƴˣĺ
վһļλ޵ҲǿƵǿߣҲƴлƿ󷨣һܣ˳ɿܾͻˡ
ֻ󷨣Щ޵ƴشܹӳȥټϼλͬ޵ӳȥǳ˵Ρ
ƴˣ
ƴˣ
Һƴˣ
ȼհɣҵ壬Ҳ汳ģ
ǣҲ汳ģ
ֺλֺξ壬ȼϷ࣡
ͷЩٵȼ𣬳ɾ񣬲ǣֳͬһı뺷޾塣


423  
ҴǣһƴǴ󲿷Ѿǿ֮ĩƴΣ
ʵϣô֮Уֻĺ˳س˹ȥλ޵޺
ֺһ˾ȦλΪ޵ھ֮Уĥǵķ
ĺʵǿֺҲ˵һܹԵȥ
ĺٶȳ֮Уûм٣ڣٷȥ
;ûܵɰϮţһ·ƽ˳طɵڡ
۲ûʲôϡģһͨļ̳Ʒΰڷɳ©ɳ©֮УװŵĲͨɳӣܹɱĿºɰ
ĺؿһɳ©֮ǿԵذĿתƵ̳Աߣݴϡ
ĺȻûмͩҲܹ²óǰȥΪͨ񣬾ǴӰ
ؾӰˡĺͩΪɵԲûһʹ֣ҪϢжڵľơ
˵ˣӰʵжǿ˭Ҳ֪һжδ֪ò¡

ͩ˫һһĿĺ·Ҫĺ͸һ㡣
ĺҪӦһԩ·խˡͩЦ
ԩ·խ˻ºĳԹĺɻ󲻽ʵȻҲ֪ͩڴ̵ս֮дһʱ䣬ȴѾԼ̵ս֮ĹϾǿߣÿ궼۷ϣͷȥÿһ߻սӵ֡
֪νͩ΢΢һЦָż̳˵ۣ͵ȹһء
ͩƣʵ۸Ͳһ
ͩҪľĺƴǹۡ
˵Ӱʵǿս޵УҪֽһĺȻͩΪɵҲֶҵĵزóôʱһӰĵס
ǾɡͩһԽ֮⣬һȻǧ֮ˡ
ĺ޵ȫɫͩٶȣһͩǰ
ˣʱгˣУӹĺйˣֻһţһ
ֲĹһգ۵ĹҲҪͩǰ

ڼǵıططܲˣһ̣ע˻Ŀꡣ
طӲֹֻз
ַΪͱ֡
ƾɱ֮νıҪָΪʩչطҪʵ
ԪռܣͩҲԼĽ˼Ҷûɱɱ֮У˵Լ·ô
ЩδսͩʱʹúͲ˽ڿռ䷨˼֡
ţԪռܣҲõһͼǿ
ǼˣԪռĺӹ֮󣬾ȻһԿƵӿ·Ҫѿռܵһ㣬ҪǻǰһзطѾˡ
ͩҲΪȣֵĹӦûгԪռܵļްɣô
ϸһԪռܵĹ֮ͩŷе
ԭǳռӣѹֿѿռԡϧҪǿϼ֣ҲκβӹˡͩЦ

ʢ֮ʿܹͽֽһӹǿ߿ɲ࣬ӰȷʵһλֵþصǿߣǵˡΪ˱ʾأһóȫһҲᱣĺص˵˵գֳƽʨӵӴ壬ҫ۵Ľ⣬ϵ˫Ŀ
ΪĴ֮һƽʨһٶȺƣ
ٶȲָٶȣָʱٶȡ
ƽʨһ屼ܵٶȲô죬ǹеٶȴ档
˵ѪԽΪԽߵĻƽʨӣܹһ֮ڻӳǧȭ
ͩĻӽٶѾˣܹﵽ˲Ϣ򽣵ٶȣĻӽٶȾûš
ɴ˿񣬻ƽʨһһУȫͶս֮УսԶʵˮƽ
ܹĺһеͶս˿ɲ࣬ͩշֺ֮ƱƵĺȴһͶս
ͩҲΪأûмʶƽʨս̬Ϊܹ״̬ĻƽʨʵҲǺܶࡣ
ûмʶ⣬ͩûжԻƽʨս̬˽⡣

ǵƽʨӵս̬ʩչ֮󣬾Ȼͩһ
Ϊ㿴һͷ޴ĻƽʨԽԽСҽػΪεʱҲԾһ
ƽʨǿս̬ȻữΪһƽս׵ʨǿսʿ
Уռȭ
ٶȴﵽ٣ͻ볬ռ䡣
ռӵǿɱֻǼΪȶƽͣǲҪΪǵͺǵĿֲ
֮ǰӹѾͩˡ
ͩȫſԪռܣһɽԪռ֮С
ǾȭĺȴǶԴ˲Ųˣһȭӳʮÿһ֮ǰһɴ˿Բ淴ӳƽʨӵս̬жôˡ
ͩһУԪռ俴ɶԷĹ⣬벻ķˡеȷɱҪһУҲΪǿȫ߶еȷɶҲִܴ˲أҲᶪӵġ
ҪˣͩڿǿƵһһ¶ӣᷢʲô⣬Ͳͩƿˡ
ͩòײžۼһ޵еġơԲɢΪ֡ơ֮£̵ܹͩظоҽٶȵõ˼ǿͼӿ졣

ͩŴʹʱձѹ֮ͨ󣬶ڡ֮һЧԼȻΪʱ䲻ͩûи򴴳ʲôµطһ̵ĸǲġ
֮ʱ֮ܣƴҵĶ˿ƣѹͩغţ־
ҪѹʱգѹѹһУҪôʱһӵоԵҪôҪ־֧š
Ԫռѹ֮£סҪľ棬Ȼȫмס˶ֵķ񹥻
ռӱԷһĸλСռ䡣
ͩٳԪռ䣬ڳռӵı֮£Ԫռλ汻߻١
ͩ̾ĺıʽͿֲɱͬʱҲڰң֮ǰʱ˸һĸ򣬷ڵͩ»治ĺĶ֡
ͩϸؼƽһûжʱɷ̣ѹĺ
ͩûǸʵͩ൱޵ģԽԽİ

ûдʿһģһپ٣һ𡣿Ƿ¶һ޶ȣҲһ¡
Ｋطĵͩǿĳͩı䱾һ޴bug
ϷֻbugұĽͻܵ޴ƣһֱ޷bugʱ޵Уbugʱһ
ɵ׷ǼµңͳѣǰҲԼɵʿζ޷գô˥֮£Ȼ䣡
Ϊ˥֮˥˥ֲһ١
ûǿᶨϾĵģ˽ٱȻ䣬ûһ
ͩʱǿ֮Ҳһĸоƿز޵УѹһеȷʵΪ֮ԡ
ܹͩ΢ĩߵһĵȻޱȼᶨʶһ֮󣬳һֱͼµ֮ͨ⣬һֱڴžʱԵС
𡪡ĺŭһȭٶȸ죬ҲǿŶԷɱûùֻƾôһзܹǿɱС

ͩĵ־֮֮󣬵õ˾޴Ķʹĥֽ֮£ͩȻԴ·𱻷ֳ룬һڹĵȫǿ־֮ѹοռܵȶ
һ룬ǻʱѹʱǿƺͨԼٶȲš
Ȼ֮䣬ͩͨ⣬ջ֧Ԫռܵ˫֣˫ֿʼǰʶţһض֪ϸӡ
ͩȻջ˫֣ԪռȻţȻĺš
ĺڿɲܣ¶ս̬ʧȥǡҲʱƣʱȫȻùδַɱûбƳͱǿƵصסˡ
һ㣬ҲûĹս֡
ڱĵطһֱͩȥ˭ȵ¡ȴΪϹ֮У󷨷տռ䣬Ҫֻȫ·˻ȥڶԷ֮£һϵԽãԼԽ
ȵеʿսͻἯеϣ治ұ֤ܹܵ־޴ѹһһλʵԼ֮ϵӰһԻ棬ĺ⡣

ֻۣдۣƾ֣ƾֲƣס
ƽʨ岢һçս̬µǿȥ͸ңʵǵ˼ҲΪϸ壬ھϡ
رڿͩ˫ֲϽӡ֮ΪͩҪС
صӰĺƴȥ
ԣᣬɴػӶһȭͷĿ겻֮ͩеɳ©
ĺĹٶȣͩǷӦҪҲǲܵġ
ڵͩڶ֮Уûа㷴Ӧ
ȭɳ©飬̳Ҳƻ۱֮󣬻Ϊһͼ䵽˵ϡ
ĺһ£Ҳû뵽˲һΪǼٵۣǲ۱ƵɲǼ䣬ɰʧָ쾮ڵľò
ӡ򣡡ͩһЩʩչһʽӡҪֹĺܡ
ϧԷվҪһһʧˣһ䳡滰Ҳû£ҲŲʡ
ͩӡûзȥ˼Ҿƾռ˲ˣͩ޴ʹΪơ
ɶĺȻ˲ƶͩȵؽе


424  ѵõƽ
ĺԭǲͨģͨҲյģһֱΪѹ׵ĵƴš˵ˣôҲûлʹܹͨƵʹÿռ˲·ǿߣʵ̫ˡ
Ȼ˶ˣͩҲֻջӡл˰̣̾Ҳգջ񲻴
ͩҲףĺʵֻˣ֣ͱú޻֮ˡ
ƾһ֣һȭʮӹ㹻ѹˡ
ͩҲұ֤ƾеȷɱܹĺȭ֮£ܷȫˡҺãԪռȻŶֵľУͬʱͩѹͨһ£ס˶ֵǿ
ͩ޵ǿߣߣȷʵ൱ԶӰ;޴İ
ֻʱ̫ݣͩЩջȫΪĻۡ
ͩҲʶҪһƽӣúõرչһʱ䡣
Ҫȡƽӣ͵ӵоԵʵõ˲ǡԣĺ룬ͩ˵Ҳһ¡
ɰƣӪٲбʣǣ׷׿׼ܡ
еãܵˡеȻûܵ䵱

·֮ӪĲбҲûƴ˼һ
Ҳߣ޺˽ֵļλ޵ɷ˵ʩչֶΣƿ˶֣ʩֶζܡ
޺ɺӺºλĶ֣ĸ֡ǸסֵֶΡ
ֺֻĶֱط֮У޷ܡ
ֺ־ʱͻȻ֮䣬λĺūͣȻȡԱķʽըֺȻӪ޵ô˻˳ͷҲصˡ
ɶǶµĺֺ
Ҳ֪ܹūԱģֻǵˡĺһҲã޵ūҲҪµͬӪǿߣȻǹݹϵġ
ʵϣĺľϣϵ󣬺ܿܲ޷ˣԼūҲס
ūסˣԱȡһͬӪֵѡ
֪ͩϢ֮Ҳò̾ĺĶȷʵǳѲ£һԥܿܽ־ͻд

ӪһνʧܣʧСͷλ޵ȫȫˣսϣʧ󣬵ǿάס˾ơ
Ӫս׼ڿǰˣΪǱʿ䣬ûս˼
Ӫ߿Ķս𲻴Ҳûս
ȵľһȶ
Ǵ˴¼Ӱ죬ȴѾɢ˳ȥ
Ӱռݵڶʮ쾮ҲΪ˹ϵʵӪҲҹָͩ
ͩǿƵλõ˽һ֤Ӫ֮еҲõ˾޴ᵽӪͷӰ֮һ
ȻӰ󣬵䱾ʵԼµĴ޵ټǿֲĺɰ
ʮ쾮ùݡ
ѾΪӪĽأûĸӪҵ⸽תơ
һδٽȴȫͩǵ͵͵ɣʴס
ΪĽʧܣһνҲ֪ʲôʱͩһѵõƽ
ãʱ䣬ͩչҲû뿪ʮ쾮

ͩ˶ʮ쾮߸ڣκ˳롣
ͩչҪɣ꾧Һսá´ӡҪ򾵻ˮµͼȵȡ
Ǳȴǳ죬ͩΪӪʧ˵Ҳ轵
ڲ²˳ԱԴ˼ΪȻҹָ𣬵˽ȴ۷׷ף˵ľȻлɢ֮
˵ĸ߲еزһ㣬һ˲ֻһΡ
λڲĻɢǱҪ뵽취ȴǵģ¾˱³֮̾УܵӰҲżһ
ʲô򣬺ȷǲȡжʧˣӰʵǵʸڳλƽƽΪʧ۽ʧСʿܴ졣ҪӰ죬ֻǸӰս⡣ֱ׵˵
٣Ӱ³Գ⣬ûĸܹõѪҡͷ˵ô֮У˭أ

ĺΨһһӰֲȫ˵ˣΪӰʵΣصʲôóʲôֿЩĿת޻󷽵ĺʵ
Ӱʱ䲢ӡĿ¾ķطǳǿܹԪͨҵĳռȭҲòĺҡͷ˵
óܣֻóĻҲūλ޵֮һȻֺڡҡͷ˵
ֻóǲʵλǿ޵ԣӰ˷֮⣬ȻҲǿ
ƽôһѶԸļһ޻һε̾ƽҲԵġǴӰܹĺȫӰķ˵ѾǵǷ켫ˡ
һĹҲȻķɴӰһǳµĶ֡
ĸ˵ּǿߣȻͬܣǿжôԶԸ
ǿߣһҲ˵ܹӰ˵£ռϷҲס

һ˲УҪһϲС
ǣǵҪֲӰһҪ϶֡
Կ϶ȫȥԸӰԲŹᣬֱӿս
ڿսӪʿʵ·磬սּΪѡȶΪϣûаԭƻս
ôλ˼ҪӰ𣿡޻ʵ
ڳˣ˭ûдӰ˭ȥڲսǰ֮£ֻ֮ܵжȺ֮
жڳˣûĸоԵİͩҪòͩɾͶˣڳĶӵһӴ˵켶ûĸ˲ҪƤж
һǶڳˣû˭оԵܹӰǿߡ
ʲô£ҪôҪôܲūۡ
һֻϲܣΪӰѾ֤ӵоͷʵ֮ͬ䣬ܳܲū۵Ŀԡ
Ҳܣ˼ֲǱ²Ƕ֣Ҫ׾ٵġ
ĺʵǿӰʱȫˡ
ڳλҲû˭ܹڵʱܹ֤ĺ˵ʵĺҪǿӰ

ˣȻˣǾͲǸӰˣϾǼһƺȺҪռݵڶʮ쾮ǣʵҲǸʸӦðĿתǵ϶ϡ޻ʱת˻⡣
һǶ룬޻ĻȷʵǳеӰȥȷʵôȺӦڿߵУļһֻҪ㲻ˡȻһ￴϶ʮ쾮ˡһ쾮ڳ˻ôںʧֲԼ˵ģѾʵС
˵ǣǵĿһֱӰϣǸһƵôģҲǸһЩ鷳Ǻαһֱţ˽ڵλ׷ױʾͬ
˵ˣӰʵ޿κΡңΪһڶʮ쾮Ҳֵ󶯸ɸȥһλǿߵ鷳
ǶȿرȫɱֻΪ˶ضʮ쾮ðӪսķգȥӰܣǺαأ
ûô飬ûĸԸȥ

Ҫĺʿ԰ĿתӪսӪţĺʿҿ޶̼ͣĸС˵Ķ޻ܹλãɲ˵֮
ܹӪƶԿӪܣֶȻͬһ㡣
ãð취һͬȥӰûжˮӲͷӲƴĿתӪ
ûдӪʵȵһӰҪǿö࣬ǲҪˣӪҲвСˣҸģڲҲ֮ˮҲҪӰöࡣ
ϾӰʵעڲ֮أȻκβӰǾ޷ȡ棬ûǾûж
޳ɣ
ͬ⣡
ǵˣٺٺ١
ս˵һķսսս֮£һǿĴ˵ֶΡ
ս֮ϣǱ򣬳սսҪӦĳսֻͬķʽػȥ
ʱ򣬷սҲһתƴעתڲìܵһѷ

ͻȻ˳սӪܵ˲СʧӪķӦҲ죬Ѹٿͣͬ˳սӦ˵ơ
ݵķ
ս֮ȣֻҪҰ⣬սɱ뷴ɱݡ
˫ʧǻĸֶջ񲻷ơ
ɱõսƷи˿ľ޶͡
ҶĬȥܿ˶ʮ쾮ڵķΧӪĳԱһЩеʱԵǱȥܱѣӪĸȷʵ̤ǿؽ磬ΪɰĿ£Լ쾮֮ĳǿӰǿȶ׹Ĵڣվڽľͷ֮һ
֮ǰӪΪ˸ǧ߼۷޶ĴҲӪĸǲԽ׳һ
ͩ˫Ӫսʱ򣬱ز緢һж֪
ӪɳʹֻͩûмͩͱֺõĴ𰸾ڱأˡ
ã˼ڱչأʹҲҲﶯʲôԽֻûȥˡ
˫Ӫ֣ͩȴڱչµ֮£ʱˮһ㣬һգ֮һǧ߰ȥˡ


425  
ڷ˵˵һǧ߰ʱǳ磬һǧ߰ʱһǧ߰ûж
ΪĵߺսѾȫǳսѽѷ֣һǧ߰꣬ûнֻǸոս״̬
ÿ궼в䣬ۣͬʱÿҲвսսͷ·һ޴Ľһ
ֻǿߣܴӱøǿ
Щ꣬ǿȵĳսڣвپӢǱûпʿõ˾޴
˫Ӫ½޵Ӹ߼۷֮ӱɹһΡ
ʱ˫ĳսûɢ޵ĲΡ
һǧ߰ĳţͩڽ˱չأʱ֮гˡ
һǧ߰ıչͩ˵㳤ǽȴܹǣʮ
Ȼ֮ͩУר
һǧ߰Ŀޣͩڴµطӡ
ӡǸ߼
ͩĳ棬λΪ

磬ֻܴһǾʮԪҹϵʵ
һλԴʹѾˣ
ҪһǷϵĸںϴﵽˮ׼һԴҵԼĵȫںԼķص㡣
ͩҲ⣬ʵҲʸˣϧǣ˥֮裬ûа취ٽһ
ƣɵҲɵơиĺô
ͩԴ˲⣬ٹһ꣬ĵһ˥֮پͻή٣ɹ֮ˡ
ʱ䣬ͩȵ
ͩҪĲǽע飬ֻʱѡҪ꾧Һ
չһǧ߰ͩʱ꾧Һ棬ǰ˰ٶ꾧Һþˣͩ꣬ûбȫ
һ൱ֲ顣
һܹʮΣѾ൱˲ˡ
ʮεǻлԵԽֻҪʱ䲻ȶѣ൱
ϰٵεպȻʱ䲢̫Ժĳɳǳ˳á

ͩ˰˰ٶ꾧Һûеﵽٽ㣬Ǳжôˡ
ͩҪ꾧ҺϺֶΡ
꾧ҺѰǿ˵ȷʵ챦Ѱ
Ƕ޵εǿ˵ѡ
ͩ˵꾧Һͺһ㣬ҪŪʱŪһ
ͩѡ񣬵һǻػأȡһ꾧Һãô꾧ҺͩŲá
ǣһ꾧Һȴ뽫ΪţպԼȼŮʹá
ڶʵҲ򵥣ǵȴʮ쾮ÿʮҵ꾧Һȣһһػ۳Ҳܹ㡣
ǣͩȴûǸʱȥȴΪͩҲ֪ԼҪ꾧ҺſȫԼԪͩʱʵࡣ
Ҳֱӵİ취Ǿֱġ
ȻͩҲѡڶʮ쾮ͩԼĿǡ
ǰʮŵ쾮ˣѹܹͩסڶʮ쾮һֱȥͩһ뿪սҲһǰʮŵ쾮ͩһֱռݵΪֹ֮󣬱Ȼס쾮Ȩ

Ϊ˳Զ濼ͩҲͲʮ쾮
֮ͩ󣬴սϵͳ֮Уõ˲Щսֽ̣ЩѾʱˣȴܰͩ˽չʱսľƾЩ仯
սĴ죬˫ʧСͬʱҲвµ޵ӿֳ
Щǿϲľìܡ
ȣϲָľ쾮Ȩͺ񵱳ͩǿ𣬲ûд쾮ǰĿתⲿ
ͬģµǿҲһѡҲͩͬ뷨ԴѰ
ֻǵʵȲͩҰҲûͩǰǵĿתʮµ쾮
һε쾮࣬໥Ƶһֱûͣ
ǲǰʮ쾮һ㣬ʵЩͻУǳһλͩǿġʺϣ˸Ӫڲĵ佻֮⣬֡
ӪˣӪͬˣ
˫޵֮ս£Ҫ쾮ϡ
һ㣬Ҳսĺìܣûа취ȫһѹһ

ͩȤʮµ쾮棬ͩһռݶʮ쾮ҵõ˻߰ٶ꾧Һͩ˵һĴơ
ɴˣͩóЩʷƾõ꾧Һ¾Բٵȥ
ͩЩ֮е֪ԼȻ˫ӪǿߣΪ˵ʮͷ
ʲôǾͷ
ȣͷָľǴ˵ӪλǿߣӪλ֮࣡
Ҳͩûн֮ǰӪܹռݱҲõ쾮ԭڡ
ǣͩ˵ʮλľͷΨһһǴǿߣܵɢǿߺͶиǵһ׷
ƫƫͩĵλԼʵݷ
ӪӪ֮ʵԱȣѾʼʧˡ
ֻͩһЦ֮ʲôͷͷģⲻҪҪĻʵݡ
ͩһôʵˡ
ͩе֮˼һЦһֹȻҲҲλˣǾͲȡһֶεˡ

ͩ뿪˶ʮ쾮ֺ㹻֤쾮İȫ
ˣֻӪ֮УŸ֮һЩ˵ǺһĶ޵
ͩԼ֪֮޻ˡĴˣΪִˣһ㶼мΪĵ̺Ͳ̵Ĵʷʵ˭Ҳ޷ԤͩҪһ֮ǵ鷳ǲǵΪ
ͩĿȻӪ֮е˸ˡ
ͩĿĺ뷨ʵ൱Ǿձѡ
ձѵ飬ҪͩΪǷеһΣΪõЧټҲȷʵòס˵ֻԸīǳˡ
ͩûԼ٣ȻûĸҳԱ˳ŵȥͩ٣ȷʵƲƽҰǱŸĸֻǶĿ̽ӡ
ͩһ·Ȼһ˶ϡ
ԣٺܿͱˡ
˵ٱ֣ǣһС¡
ģǰͩ·һɽʱͻȻ֮˷ӿ
ǾĿƼ֮һǿɱǿ㹻֮£Ҳ֮Σ

ͩӦ죬ʱ˷սףеȷɱǿ֮£оյصʮ
ĸ쵰ͩŭؽеû뵽ӪЩһȻԼ
̾ݹ⣬Ⱥ𣬷ֳͬķ򣬷ֿܡ
ٶǶݹ⣬ѪһԲֶΡ
ͩЦһܣܣ
ܵλǸ߼۷Ĳζѡ
λ߼۷ͬ壬໥ĬʱѾһУɱ˲ӪķʹջС
ԭΪķ򣬾ȻӰ֮Ǿ֪ӵһˡ
ĺԩһʼûϳͩⲢ֣Ϊͩս֮ʧһǧ֮߰ãصǵߡ
λеͽײ֮£ͩڡᡱˣ߻ϲκεĽټϷٶȡأûϳһҲϡ档
ȷǾǵ۹ʵۺȻ֮һͨǰͨյٷḻҲܵһʱ뵽λ͵۹ʵ۳÷ǳ˾ǵ۹ʵۡ
ˡ

ǵͩ¶ʵʱ򣬶ʱŵһһһ㶵ģֲѹʵ뵽֮ǰλ߼۷ʱ˹ѡԣһҲ֡
ʱҲ϶ͩ˵ϻҲͰˡ
ھȻ̫ˣ⡣
ͩſɱųʵɱ֮ͩ׵ر㽫˸סˡ
ǲðģͨһλ߼۷֮еһͷ˵͸֪ͩܵĵ
ǵӲСȻұ鷳ֱǲˡͩЦһ˵ͬʱҲΪȣԼȻܹ׵λڷּ۷ʵ
ͩԭƵ飬ࡣ
Ĵ𣬸ɴͰŪλš
ƽͩǲ¶ôġ
ˣᣬΪѰ֣벻ǳ֮󣬲ŷǵλˣ顣һλ߼۷Ҳĵ

ΪˣͩҲò̾ս֮ϣȻǰ̬㱸вսʿҲ̰ļһ
ͩȻ֮䣬ûϷˣǵȤ
ΪͩǸһĶ֣ͩɱǣҲԼ֡
ͩɲ˷ŹԼĵˣԣͩһһĳ촷ۡ
ͩٱ¶ˡ
ͩĳ֣սƶܵ˾޴𶯣ϾӰžͷʵȻͻȻȻӦӰ
˵ͩĽʺ֣Ƿǳͷۡ
˵˵þһҳɹʶԸµɳĮ飬һӰҪʮʲô׼ʲôϧһУҪ̵ʱ֮ڵõĴ𸲡
ͬʱ쾮̵ʱ屶ķ
ѩػ޵Ҳ׷ױɵӦ쾮ȥͬʱӪʦʼøǿ쾮ķ󷨡
ɴ˿ɼͩӪеɱжˡ


426  ձ
ͩٺܺò飬ΪûԼٵ˼ܿӪ͵õ鱨֪ͩȻǳʣµİ˸֮һĿ˹ռݵĵڶʮߺ쾮ȥ
ˣλ޵ʵǰ
˹˵˵֪Ϣ֮󣬵һӦǻңǵʵ˶ȲϣôֵӰ
ȻҲûóȫʵӰӲƴԣǰ˵ֺڳΪӰū֮һҪֺ֪ĸʵǱȿ˹˵һ˶ҪǿһΡ
ԣǿ˹˵λ޵һϵ˶ʮߺ쾮Ҳûа㰲ȫС
Ϊˣǲò
ǱߣҲ뾡ȫ˹ˣЩòֻɢ
˭֪ӪǱͬõӦϢȻûֱ֧ԮӰֱӺӪȴǸ־ǿ֮⣬ɳʮ޵רŶ˵ǿߡ
ӪĸǾǲֻ֣ǣš
ҲţֻỺ
£˻治Ҵ֧Ԯǲ֧ԮֲСûа취ֻĺһˣ˭зǾͷ֮Уֻ˿ռ˲ͨĺʵǿأ

˿ռ˲֮۷ܳΪ޵ΪǱڲ֮ءʵϣȻвġ
ĺȥ˶ʮߺ쾮Ԯ˹ˣԭĺҲǲһǰģֻǴǱʵǳ鲻ˡӰһҲǵǹƥһˣϿ˹˵λ޵Ҳǣסˡ
ֻгε޵ܶԿӰε޵ӪܵĴٽ
ӰյϢӪĺȥ֧ԮֻܹЩˡ˻ͩͨѶ˵
лͩл
ͩλ鳤֮䣬ദõǽΪ죬ҵĬ˫Ի
ӪͩﵽѹӪӪӰĿġͩǽӪ˵ǣӪΪԼıȡ档
һ˫Ӯĺ
ͩҲܹõϢ֧Ԯ鱨֧Ԯ
˵һΣͩǰ֪˶Էְźʵʵ

ڶʮߺ쾮Ȼȶʮ쾮λú֮ܽľȷʵȴ
һںͩƵسڵڶʮߺ쾮ĳڣǳڵĹؿϣǿƼվǰеĺΪ׵λ޵֮⣬²һǿķ󷨡
Ҷٴһͩĵûֻǳӡ
Ե൱غ
Ӱʲô벻ּˣǺþòĺɫƽ˵
ͩѹĺǳأҲòء
ȷʵǺþòҲ벻Ȼ㣬һ㲻ְ;·ɣͩ˿ûʾػػ
㡭ĺ״α࣬һֹӡǲ֪ηͩ˵ʵ
һΣȷʵӣ޷ʵͩʵ˵ʲôɷأ
ĺȷʵһõؿʿܿ죬Ϳס˵
˺Ϊ鷳ģôӰûǴظΪ

˵ĺƺ͵ҲȷʵֵüΪš
Ϊʮߺ쾮ԼһػһԼλͬǿڰӰǶһ˶ѡ
Ҫôţһ쾮ģΪ̫ˡͩ΢΢һЦ˵
ڳĺڣһٲúֲļһӲӲˡ
ǽͩĻȴĺ˾ˣͬʱһֹסҪɱ˵ĳ嶯
ԣҪȫʷѵġͩ˵
ȫʷѣڳˣرǿ˹˵λҶһɻ󲻽⡣
ûдȫʷѣҲ˵㽻˰ȫʷѣպͲ鷳ͩĻ˵ֱףҪǾɵˡ
Ȼڳ˶ɵӣӪȴǼΪŭͩڱ
ʲôȫʷѣֱ˵ѵˡ
õӪŸ֮һĿ˹˾ȻӪһձѣǴȥǻô죿
ĺŭǣͩ£Ҳ̫˵ˣڳҴĻˣͩĿŵձѣ

ɶǵҪʶһ£һ֮ѹ𣿡˹˵Ĵ󵱼ҷŭؽе
û˵ΪҼǵе쾮ֻһɣͩĻȻʾ֮ȴǳԡ
˵صùΣˣһطܵذɣʮߺ쾮ҿϿ˹һ쾮
ǷֱǲֱֱбƵĿܣֱֻؿͩռԼһ쾮ȻӪˣ
ĻʹؽѸá
ʧһ쾮Լʧһ棬㱣ѡĸĸأö˵ˡ
Ҫߣǿʵ棬ǿˡ
Ȼ˹˵λңǳ壬ȻνĽӣǸʵ档
˹˵Ĵ󵱼ҳĬһʵ֪ӰİȫʷǶ٣
ÿһٵΣһֻҪǧΣͩ˵
֮󣬿˹˵λҳĬţഫš
Ϊǰ֧Ԯĺˣ˹˴ӦͩôӪɲȫ

ⲻܣʿɱ裡Ӱʹʵǿ󣬿ܹ˵ԣȰһ䣬ʿɶֹ̫̰ģĺһվԵΪĽǶȣҫӣôҫ涼Ϊ衣
٣ںͿ˹ףֺʸվԣ㣬ҪΪһֿռ˲ƣܹڱǰһΣʲôûиһ̵Ľѵͩŭ˵
λҪˣǿǴӪ棬ˣǿҲ֮ءĺûѡͩӲת˹ʩѹʹܹܾͩ˼
ȷʵˣӪѹر˵ѹ˹˻Ĳ״ӦȴǵĺܿǱ
һ仰ڣֻҵĵһվһվҿԸʱ俼һ£ϣƴŰݷõʱܹкϢˡͩ˵꣬ûпĺת뿪˴˵ء
Ҫȥķԣǳһ˵ռ쾮
ͩ뿪˴˵أûܵ͹ΪЩ˶ͩʵҳ֡

˹˵ĸֲҶ֣ͩпԭϾֻһ˻һЩˣ˶ˣôҲ
ĺܾôؿͩ뿪Ŀɲ˵Ҳᱻˡ
ԣ˶ԱֳĬֻУ֣²ͩĶ֣ҲҪ֡
Ӱ˴Ӫأ˵˵߾ߵġСռȭ
ͩɵԪռܣĺӳʮȭɡ
ȻϣһУͩӦ൱λʵһΣͩӦñһҪɵö࣬Ҳûаǿ
ͬһ֣ͬһطһǧ߰ǰĲ࣬ͩԵظо֮ϲ
ǶֱˣǾǿˡ
ԣǲܱģǾͩԼǿˣұúǿֻǿһ㡣
ͩڲӵͳμʵ֮Уʵʮͷ֮һ
ͩ޳ʱ֮ʵ

˵һǧ߰ǰͩҲǾͷݸǿʱȡûдʱҲͩʵ֮һͬʱҲʵĲ֣˭Ҳ޷ϡ
һǧ߰ͩȻǾͷͩʱʵҲͷˡ
ֻһĻǾ̫ñʧˡͩһɵ˵
ҿܹ٣ĺһȭȻӳʮϰĹ
Ȼһǧ߰꣬ĺҲûа׹ҲڿĽҲԣûй̲Է⡣ֳǿ츳ͳԽ˵Ľٶȡ
ǣûãĺôҲֻһŬͩ˲ֻһΣ˳һ档
߲ͬҪȽϣҲӫµĲ
ûõģЩҲСϧ̫һЩһΣܵÿ죬һΣɸҽһУͩ˵ţڳ˫˫ֽ״
һ֮ͩӡģѸٳ׳
ߵعȦڷӡΧͩ˫֡
֮ͩУֳһɿµƣߵƣߵľ磡
ĺɫ䣬ѡӲƴһУҪܣҲõȵһ˵

׼ˣһСӡͩӡɣƣȻһƳĺңң¡
ط·۳ƣĺѹ
ӡûĺ͸ܵ޴ѹѹ֮£겻ӿһ־УʱȻ֮ˣȥӲͩһСǣںѾˣΪӡ֮ʣΧʱն·𱻷ĺʱҲ޷ʩչռ˲ܡ
ôܣĺţռ䣬ҪĿռ˲ƣֻǿ߲ܰ쵽λӰȻҲܹ
ռȭĺԸԴУظ˻ػľƣ¸ҵػȭ
䡪
һ죬£𶯣·ȶҡһ㣬൱𺳡
ĺޱǱصһƿ֮Уˡ
һĻԶսĿ˹˵ĸĿɿڴȻ
ĺ֮壬ܿȥˣϢжϣܴᡣ
ĺʲôҲûһʧˣһǧ߰ǰһкҲһ滰Ҳһ䣬ܵˡ


427  ޴Ӱ
ΪʲôΪĺп־ˣͩһ֮¾ʹٷ֮ʮ壬Ҫ֪ϿǴеȷɱİ
ʵʵ̫ĺٴȥܵҲûС
˹˵λҿͩ˸ɴؾͽĺˣһƬ䣬ĺӰһ֮УӰʵ̫ǿˡ
ֳͩʵ֮Ҳǿǵʱˣ˵𣿽ǲ𰸡
˹˵λҶһۣ¶˿Ц֮ɫһɬ˵ǽӰԺ򡣡
ܺãǵѡ񡣡ͩͷЦ
ǿ˹˼СҵСʵڴղǧôֻ࣬ٵΣķΣ
˵꣬һƿͶ˹
ͩӹƿӣһȻװͬҲ١
ܺãʶʱΪܣ󣬱ġͩ˵ת뿪˴˵ء
˹λҼͩԶˣһ
ϴô죬ӰҪǻôҪ֪Ҳ쾮ĺô˶ýȴҪһ࣬ҪǴȥǿ»ⲻˡ

ǼСҵСɾӰڣƲˡԺô죿ǿʩѹȥ⣬ܹӰô֮ͲٽİȫʷˡܣǸýͽҲ̫ࡣ
ˣҲֻõͷˡ
ļ£ܱͩӪ֮£ˣյǧٵ꾧Һ
һֻ֮ͩص˶ʮ쾮չ꾧Һ
ĺ֮󣬲Żص޻˵ܲ
ȥ֮ĺ޻㱨˴¡
˵ԷһҲӲ£޻Ҳš
ǵģĺͷӦ
ôܣ޻ҲʧеԼҲ˵ܹһлĺ
ĺ˵ģôӰʵԼ֮ˡ
ǣôܣ޻ϣԼʵֻа벽֮ңڿռ䷨ҲѾɣֻں϶ѣںҲ˾ųɾˡ
֮£޻ʵֲܹˡ
޻ܹһлĺǿߣֻǿˡ
תһ룬ôܣӰǿߵĻĺҲӲˡ

ԿռǾƿأǿߵ˲ǿǰЦ
ţˣȥϢɣˡ޻̾
ǣĺȥ
޻ϸһ£̾Ƕ֮ӰȾɣȵǱߵ⣬ԸӰˡ޻ҵǣӰøƵĻᡣ
뵽޻ͷսַơ
ƻӦðŵòˣֻҪȵʱˡ޻ֹ
ĺǶ̶̼¾ܽģ
ƣĵرˣҲҪʮʱ䡣
սԽԽңرߺս֮ϵս˫Ѿ񣬴ģĻս˺üΣʥ򡢰䣬ͬҲвս֮ϡ
ֹģս˫ӪսһĻѡ
˰ȥˣߺս֮ϣս˫Ӫƣ̬˫Щƣ֮УƴȥҲнԣ˫ת£һ໥㣬ͬʱҶڵȴս򡪡ȵĽ

һβǾսľս˫һһֲִĸо
ﻢ£쾮Ӷɢ޺С֮ɢˡ
ʮź쾮˼ҵɱš
սѸ˫ѾƲסˡ
ز˫ӪҲûдٰսϼӴԭĹ켣ʱûܹһ㡣
ԣ˫ӪļҲʼ໥ɱս
ǰʮŵ쾮ԼͩڵĶʮ쾮֮⣬쾮ǻҲ
ԮԮԮ
С˲ϵԮ˲ϵɳȥԮͬӲ
Ȼڣ˫Ѿɼˡ
Ӫ˵顣
λľѾƿˣǿ϶ҪģҪһ£Ϊǿݴͣһսȫ
ΪӦݴͣȻǵʵռţǲӪûеֿǿѾ˿ڴء
ΪӦΪǿⳡսܲܳ״壬岢ҪҪǵõ޴

ҪԵָܲܲڵĴƬΧ֮ڵս¡
ԣֻ֮࣬
ڴʱ徹ȻȫͬʱͻϮ˵ܲ
ͬһʱ̣λڿյĻ㱨
ѵ˷˲ɣȻͬʱˣеһš
Ƿûз裬ȻһͻϮԤıġ
ûдⲿսµļңǵڲ֣ͻȻǿǴһ򾡰
λж겻жˣȻȺڣǵĵǾͳȫǡ
ĸλͬһʱ˻飬ԵԵǰӾȥˡ
ȷʵ˻˵֮еһλ޵ĸζУǿľ޴ͷĴڣͨĳ޵Ҫʤ
ֵֻ࣬λ޵
޵ʵСҲŵǿߡ
ˣ޻߻һλİǿߣ˫ƣ룬Ȼƽġ
ôߺս˻֮󣬵е

ܹ˻У˲ʧ̬ȻʵҲǺ˻ͬһģ϶֣ˡ
ִߺս֪ڵﶼǷͩ㲻Ⱥļһ⣬ε޵ϵóСӵķ
ߺսսǿԳƵ׹Ĵڡ
ûдߺսˡսֻһߺսߺ֮ϣսرһŵսɭϣҲΣյս1սǿ߶޵ֻߺսϵľͷʸ㡣
Ƕûˣ˻ʵôģʵܼ򵥣ֻҪһ֪ˡ
޻ʣ㾹Ȼƻأñսǿ㣿˻޻ҧгݵʵ
㲻ܹң˭Ƶ̫أ޻Це˵
Ҳµò²ְֻɣ˻Ĭһ
û˾λͬǿ߻޻ڻش

λȻģһΣòԩ˻ҡͷ̾Ӫˣ߸Ÿʣµ϶ǳӰȥġ
תսҪѾ޶ĹѫĹѫͩҲеͷۣʵ̫󣬸˵ǿߣҪĹѫȥҪ
޻Ĺѫ¾ˣ϶ӪıĽ
ֻһôɵĻ֪Ĺѫʣ¶٣˻ֻʵ
òܣ޻߳ŭغֻҪǣռ쾮ҵʧһջᲹ
٣쾮Ȼ޴󣬵УٶҲȲþѫֵ󣡡˻ҡͷЦ
꾧Һ൱ֵǮܻѫѫܵһĳ̶ȣԴӾϵͳ֮Уһǿɱ˵ϵȼɱ

ͩڵĶʮ쾮ӭλ޵
ĺͷǰ·λͷǿߵĴ֮£ǿޱȵسͩ˺ɰ֮С
޾ɰŰλ޵ǺʵرΧˡ
ǹ鷢ˣеɱı֮£ɰܹ𵽵ޣٶ࣬ҲֻסһЩ޵ȴ޷κελսľͷǿߡɪ
ͩλūͱĺλ޵
ɪֱ۶ȥ
ͩҲΪ⣬żѣ˸ֹ鷳ʵ̫ˡ
ѵҲˣ
ͩ鿴һԼԣܿҵ˻Ϣ
ԭˣ⵹˼ˣ֪ǿߣɱһжپأͩͷС˵
ͩɰޣҲ͸ɴ󷨣ȥ
УͩӪĲɪţ˫ûֱӶ֣ϵıƴѾʼˡ
֮ƴ÷ͻ䣬ԽԽҡ
λôƺϲն֮ͩȿ˵һһǱޣһ񵾲һġ
˵
ɪ˻ش

ǶλսƳɵҪʲô챦ģͩʵ
ٷϻɣȽˣ˪
Ϊ֮ɫ䣬쾮ڣȻ֮仯ΪĺɢХųͩȥ
ǿͩо̾һһеǳǿ󣬵ķϵԲεĸ߼Ӵ壬ӳһУͷ·һ޴ĺһ㣬ֻҪУⶼܵԼͰŪ
ɪһ֮䣬ħӳͩ
ͩӲӣϽܡ
ͻȻ֮䣬о𣬾ͩûӦʱѾӲݸסˣټ͸ǵĺʴ൱
ͬϵķɱͬʱպͰᡣ
ͩΣˣķɱȻ˸ˣͩûͨط֮ͩϧʱͩʱȥ
޵۷ǿкܴһԭΪ۷ձõͨɱ޵ձõеɱ
ûеɱ׷ܹƵ޵
ͩɱɲ֮䣬ǰĺֱϮͩ塣
ֻͩоһ֮Уڶرѵ
ָоϢѹ


428  ӡ
ֺ֮󣬲ɱͩ壬ܹʹͩжõٻͣ͡
ͩһԪ֮еʱѹסڵĺȻˡ
һУֻǶûãͩûᱻסеȷսף첽ʩչ˵˰ȫ֮⡣
ǿɪһۣ¶顣
㲻ǵĶ֣ɪŵز
ǻǣҪ֪ͩһУɺ罣ͩڷɳ
򽣹ڣ
ͩȻּ֪ǿߣֹӰ򽣾ͨԸǣҲû̫á
ԣֱͩӶһʽ֮ǿһС
һĴ͸ЧӷֱӹԷ塣
ͩһûбŲȥǳһֱԶɪȥ
ͩһ۾ͿɪȲҪѲȻһֹطʱͩǼѾеȷս׵ϵ
츳Ϊһ㣬ֻӳɡǿһʧȥɱʵۿۡ
һ㣬ͩҲ⡣

Ȼ⣬Ծǲܱᡣ
ɪŷɺ罣ҲûжܣΪ޷ܣطȻܹᲢ˵ɱǾܴͬ󣬾ڼܶ
ɪ˵һóԶ̹ͷרңκεˣ趯
硪֮ڣɪһ㿴۵Ľ绤֡
ɪĳ֮һųľԷ
ͩԪռ俴ܹﵽԷĿռķطɪľ֮ǽġ
ʲôǽ磿˵ˣһյ֣֮Գ֮Ϊ磬Ϊյ֮ڼԳ硣
κιھ֮ϣͷ·𹥻һС֮ϣ乥ǿҲᱻڲϵֵ
ͩԪռܣڡɡֵĻô֮ڵķڡ֣
һ΢磬ⲿĴϵͻῪὫİٷ֮ʮŶתΪת

ǴﵽޣκιֻǸýṩǿĶĶԽǿ޾Խߡ
žʹɪƶҲܹΪͷ޵
ɪóٶȣƶٶȻԶԶﲻߡ
֮Ⱥÿһ嶼ǲͬص㣬еͲʺϿƶеͻεȵȡ
ɺ罣˽֮ϣ̺Ĵ͸⣬ֱӴ͸˽ȥ
͸൱ֻҪһ㣬ܹɴ͸һǱǺ
һ൱ķ¡
µʿڹܹӸǿЧ
ͩһ͸⣬̺ش͸£Ҳ˵
֮ڣȻǽ磬Ͼֻһ
ԣֱӴ͸ˡ
ɪȵĿ֮У⴩͸˽ִ͸ķսףı塣
䱾ʧ˲ﵽ˵20
Կɪ廹ҪС
һڲϣܹ˺ٷ֮һ壬ͩ͸͵Цˡ

ͩЦˣɪ㾪֪ˡ
ӰĹȻܹӷʵ̫ˡ
ͩãͬʱַǳá
ãΪķսױ˰ᣬڵǳ
һ룬һɱУԭֻܴǧ֮һ֮һ壬ȴԴͩ10壬ͩʵۿۣͬĸ֣Ϳ֮ͩΣ
óĲԶ̹ƶٶȴ죬ڲע⵽ɪ֮һٶȣǿĹֶΣͩ˹ȥ
һΧκԣЧ
ֻܷͩ׷ɪתӦĹ
ͩɲòĹϣ൱Ҫв
첽ͣʹãͬʱҲڲϵغ󳷡
ʮ֮ͩȻ˳쾮ڡ
ͩȻֱ֮ң⻹ͩĵһΡ
ǾˣȻӵس
˪˺ѣ
һ޴ĴǿҺצʣͩǶ
һУ൱Եͩеܿռ䣬ʹͩӭ
ͩһȻܶˣǾͲǡ
Ѿ㹻ˣΪɪûиųԣֻͩҪԲһλǿߵѹ

ӡͩҲʩչǿطһ
ͩѸٽñ״ӡȻһ˳ȥ
ӡצڿײ˾ҵ籩
һϢצȫӡݵس¡
һ£û뵽ͩһоƵľɱط
ӡȴڴʱ֣ͬģҲܲˣֻӲһС
˪ᣡ
һ֣ͬʱһɱе⡣
Ƿӡ£˲߽֮⡣
ֻܲҽһڵأɱƽ״
ôܣĺҪмʶ֮Ͳһеǳ
һڵ
һУܹŷɱķطط£һоʹ2塣
Ҫ֪ɱͨǿʮ
ͩɷ˵һǷӡ˳ȥһͩһνƽڵءͩûջӡԭأá
ֻͩһʶԶл˷ɺ罣һʽ򽣹ڹ֮ɪ
ߣɪȻԶ֮⣬Ҳͨʶ﷢һĻɲȥջؼطȻʩչռ˲ӵˡ
ͩһգֻлطɺ罣䵽˲ϡ

ٺ٣ͬ鶪ˣ㻹кԣͩЦŶԱѹڷӡ֮µĲʵ
ʱȷʵһ־ĸоȻг壬ꡢԱԷطѹûС
ֻ׸
㲻ܣ֪һ˶ҪɱңҲо޴鷳ҵЩͬ鲻ŹġţҪͩ˼ɣĻлϣ
ǳ˽ҰͩЦ
ͩһʱûжãܹһͷ޵һλͬ֡
Ƿӡ֮طǿĲɱɱֻǸԶѡǿǳмʱġѹܹͨѹסΪͩƽĸ֡
ǶԷͩǧϣ˲䱬طѹļޣϲѳ
вͩûãΪͩʵǿˣҲһ㡣ǰҪѹ޵ҪʱھͲôʦڵˡ

㻹ǹģԼɡ˵õĽ֣ȲҪһһǿūֿͩ͡ؽ
ɶҲԸūۣȥɡɫ䣬شеūң룡
ãͩɫ˲첽ȫʩչһϢ֮䣬˳ǧ֮ң
䡪һ޴Ģ𣬲Ȼ壬ԥԱˡ
ͩҲʧһ޵ūͩǳǳߡ
ͩ˵ҲһСʧ
ͩˣӡϾʱ̥ʱѹϾȲϱܡ
ѹ֮£ԿܳƵԱ²
ʱѹѹһУ˼ꡣ
ӡѹʴڣҲܹѹڣȴ޷ѹǻʶ
ڷӡѹ֮£嶯ãתˣֻʶ֧ܵƣƶʶܹǳ١
£ҪҲûа취ָڵΨһģֻꡣ

Ϊꡢ壬һ壬һԱҲᷢԱ
ԣΪͩƲԭʹһֵѼӸˡ
ͩҡҡͷԱΧ֮⣬һеɱװĸɣסͷȺצ
һɱɱͬɱ
ͩϻ쾮ڣһս
ͩĸūͣǳǿصֵĺλ޵СӵĹ
ĺʵֺǿռϷ硣
֮ľ챬ըȻҲǵע⣬ǲ֪﷢ʲô
ұը쾮֮⣬޷ըռжôºǿ
ԣͩϵʱĺλжûгˣսѾȻͩλūͣˣȥܿܳ
ӡͩϵֳһʱȡ˽ѵɷ˵һȥ
ĺλ޵ܲҵȫһӡֹڣλ޵ͬʱѹ
ܣôܱܹλ˵׷ĺޱȵؽеǳǱΪ֮
˵λˣǲɪܲҵظ㣬ɪϵܵˣѾˡͩһƽ

ӡѹλӪ޵ʱˣλͷĳǿ߶һһӣܹͩ
ͩһûиĺλԱĻᣬֱӽʱ֮УѹȵԺʱǡ
ͩҪæ»治٣ҪȥԮӪļˡ
ݺĵͩ᲻֪
һӪӱս˾λǿߣΪľǳ䲻⣬һٹӪɨӪĸֳ֣׺ɨߺսʹӪ˳쾮֮ռȡ
ĻͩʵǿҲصסԼһĶֵأ϶ᱻڳΧˡ
ͩȻڼʶɪ֮ͨҲòЩǿɻ䡣һͩǲ壬Ҫʮ˸ģͩҲʾѹ󣬲ӻ롣
ԣͩһҪǣǳȫԮ̲ݻ
ͩѡĵһվ˻˵ܲ
ΪҲӪҪĺˣֻҪս־ͻŤת


429  ʱϵ
˻˵ܹͩսҲǷһﲻ飬ȻЩֻһЩͨ鱨֮ģʲô顣
ͩǺεȸ֮߰Ƿ
ʱ˻ܲǻսλʵǿڷսš޵нʮλ֮࣡
ò˵˻˵ĵ̺ʵȷʵǿһ˾Ȼнʮ֮࣡
Щ˿ɶǿߣɴ˿ԿһЩЩʵ͵Ƿͬһɱȵġ
޻Χϵеɱ֮ǿؽλֵͬΧʱ˵·磬ֻҲ֪ʱһãȻܡ
޵εıƴ˻˲޻֮ռϷ硣Ǿͷǿ֮ƴ˻ȴǴ·硣
ͩ첽Զ·ʵǷǳķʱֻܸ졣
ϧͩڿռ䷨ռ˲Ƶĳ̶ȣȻԽʱʩչ˲ơ
Ҫѵʱоռ䷨ˣûԶռ˲ƻ൱㰡ͩβͣţһ
첽̾ƶʱʵĲ󣬵һľǳʼα

˶̶̰ʱͩǸϵ˻˵ܲ
Ȼޱȣս÷ǳҡ
߿յλã˻һ˶սλ֣ѽѷ֣伤ҳ̶Զʤ֮ս
ͩɷ˵س˹ȥ
λͷǿߣͩ˹һϲ
޻ȶλǱֵ÷ǳȡ
Ӱô޻ȵؽе
˵Ӱϸشһͩϵ˲ɪһȵ̧ͷͩ˵벻㾹Ȼɱ˲
޻ˣŵ˼ϢŷӦôܣ
ɪղŴϢҪԸļһﻹһĽɫش
ѾﻢˣˣӰͽԸ޻˲˾
Сĵ㣬ܹһԶԶ֮£ɱ˲ɪԲô򵥵ˡѵ
ģһᱣ־ģ﷭ġ޻϶ػش
ðɣ㱣ءûǿ

ĶңɡԼս
˵꣬㳯һȥ
ͩһۣڵСĵ㣬һǿСӡ
ģһӦġͩصصͷ
׷ȥ
ӰһжΪ㣬㣬αػôĴ۴սԮ֣޻ͩĺޣȻ
ôԼû£ͽƵϣʲô취ͩʼ磬һε˵
ΣôѪһҪ㸶ۡ죬ע֮أȥɣ޻ջ壬¶˻ƽʨĶ̬
ޣ޻ӳȭ
̱ͩ޾ȭâΧֻȭâͣشӶֵз޾ûоͷһ㡣
ȭâٶ̫죬ͩܲӦûУͱˡ
ϵеȷսףԶͩ˾ȭâ
ȭâ˷ϮͩԪռ俴ȴֻܷ棬ԣͩ÷ǳǱ

Ȼ޻ͩսһ˽⣬Ҳͩһ֪ġ
ͩ޻ȷǼΪİ

ͩǿŷ֣ѵֵ޻ĹͬʱҲزЩȭâֵüΪͻأ
ͩȭâҲͰˣȭâȴǱת˹ִһǶȳȭȭȴǴǶȷľУеһһȭâ򣬽򣬶ᱻ޵ȭâ֮£ֱƣ
һ쳣̬ĥӦںطľ
ҲһԲεĸ߼
治ޡ֡
һҲȷʵͩһʱ֮мܣҲҲһеƵֻܱطš
ͩȴ֪ȥҲǰ취
ͩɺ罣ʩչ򽣷籩һǿϯ֮޻֮ȭԿš
ʹϵѹһЩѹֻһѡ
٣޻ʹȭ֮Уһȭ
ֻͩǰһһ磬һ㣬гûжûп־壬ûжթûǿʳֻа͡ƽõԴ

ڤڤ֮е֮裬ͩطֿսԶˣͶԴһп
ͩ㲻ô롣
⣬𣿡
ͩͽʥˣɵţؽһһµʱʱɣ
硭
ڴʱͩһ檴Դһ˹ݵΧͩߣڵǻؼҰɣҲˣϢˡ
ͩҪξ֮У޷԰εʱ򣬺Ȼ֮䣬˶䱦ͭǮ˹ɢԻʵ깥סͩҪ˯Ԫͩʶʱ˹
ͩڸʲôĵΪôᱻطΪס䱦е
ͩ˹֮ǰξǲǻþֻξԭ޻һȭȻ깥ȭ˷ʤ
ǵģճ˵ͩĵΪȷʵܱԻ͵ѵǲҪˣͩ

ľƿһܹõģͩΪĵΪ˱ΪԦ
еС󵶵ĸоܿܲˣ˼
ͩĵĺ־а˳еƿĲȥʹͩܹͷ
ʣµεֵ˶ͻȻʹ֮ȭ
Ųˡ
УΪͩûдﵽļ𣬷ܹʡͩپ
ٿͩĳɵ־֮
Һãͩһ䱦Ǯǲȱ䱦ǮҲһ⼶ɱ
Ŵ˱ͩ꼸һʧ
ȻʱҲѹĹЧӶıȲ䱦Ǯ
ңʱϵɱ䱦ǮǶɱͬն
ͩͻȻ֮ڳٵıԵѣ޻һҲ벻ͩȻ֮޻ͩ־֮Ŀ࿴
ͬʱҲڸ̾ͩĺֻһѣֻһ㣬ͩͻ˯ľأ׸

޻ɫھ֮ȥȭһ䡣
ǣ޻ȭ֮Уɱǿһȭ
һȭ֮£޾ȭâ͵һţȻգ֮۳һ˸޾Եľ޴ȭâ
֮ȭȭâӫô֮ȭȭâ̫
һȭػУͩܵķӦûüϣ˾ͱһȭ˳ȥ
ǧ֮һϣͩǶɽϵ֮С
ϢңܴȻǳ
ͩҲû϶޻һȭ֮£Ȼݻͩķս׵˫طʣµĴ֮ϣһʹ20塣
ʵڿ£
ͩڶ죬ڷΪͩ岹ͬʱҲڻָͩ塣
ͩٱ˴ôҹʧҲͰˣ֮ǰһȭĥ͸﷭ˡ
޻׷ͩǱıǶɽ֮УЦӰҲн죬˵֮꣬أ˰ɣ
װױһ˫еɱȭףֻӳ֮ȭ
֮ȭϸ˵֮ȭ汾

ߣΪһͬǰԵڶοһУͩһɽ֮а˳Ҳûл˫̽ӡ
ֵˣ޻һУӡͩҲͷԼľС
ӡVS֮ȭ
طƴһγ˶ݵĽ֡
ǽֵʱ䲢Ϣˡ
ȻӡʤһԲεĸ߼֮ȭ
޴ӡ޻¡
ռѹˣ䳢֮У̺һ⾳˷
ӡ͵£޻޵ֿ֮رѹ¡
ôܣ޻ؽеţͩһоͽڵأҲû
޻ϳ˷ӡͬһļָ߸ϵ־ֲݷϢϴġ
ΪӰǿߣҲҿ϶ӰԲǿߣҲᱻǱ
ǣǿߣôʹأ
ѵԷѾż̤˽ȥֻôһͣ˵ͨΪʲôӰܹó
˶٣ֻɱˡӰȻûɱ䡣

޻еɱʢΪӰ࣬ԽǿѹԽ޻ȲҪӰɱ
漴ֳ˾ɥ飬ΪģȴûǸ˿̵ѹӡ֮£ãȫķ֮ôŬҲûа취һ˿㡣
벻ҵĶ־Ȼһ׼ܵòԩһҲԩ޻ЦһӰǺڣ
䡪޻ǳɴֱӵ壬ͺ֮ǰķӦһģһΪɴ䣬һҲͩ¡
޻ҲɵͶ·£ѾܣȴıȻūۣ䱻ūʧȥңΪūɴԱˣĵλպȻиһա
޻ҲйʣȻǳģ֮ٸĳɳǱȻۿۣлΪˡ
޻壬Ȼ˽жٹϵǰǸ֮󣬿һ겻ô
ЩһԪʹڵĹǰвţеڵ껹ҪʤһЩѾɾ֮۵ͬʿ
֮ٸҲΪƽӹ֮ò˵һֱ


430  ŤתǬ
ͻѽѷ֡
죬ΪǸʲôӰĻǶ𣿡ּأСӣȴȫһóսĸ֣ս൱ǿ
ǿɲһϣ޻ǸһһأȫӦŷһϺʾط˻ȥ
޻ôöԸͰѹȥˡαάȵƽ⣿мشЦûд޻ʵȷʵǿȭߺսս
Ӫ£޷ѹӪҲΪɵ޻ʵ
ͩ˷ĻҲò˵üԡ
ͩ﷭޻ʵȷʵǿ֡һȭܹеȷɱͩ20壬ԳƵϱ뺷
ɱȭ֮£ͩͻᱻòܷȭ֮±Ȼ䣡
ͩ˷ӡʵϸʤһ޻ȭʤλĺ˵
ӡƲ޻ȭֻͩжʱ·ˡ

ûдִͩͥڵĵطʱɱˣڵͩһЩҪǲƲ¶׵⡣
ͬԱģֻҪɱ˱ˣȻᱣֻԶʧȥĿܡ
ͩıϵɱģڶɱ˵Ѿ㹻ǿǵ̰ͷˡ
ͩջǻʤǿ󣬲Բεĸ߼ܹȵġ
޻ͩѹ֮ʱ
ƴҪԮֻΣΪʵ̫Զ
ԶˮȲ˽
ʤδ֣ȥδס˷Ц˵
Ҷ޻Ǽһˣжôءɫ˵Ҳ֪ڻ֮£ܼʱ־Ԯ
Ҳɸ߸ȥһܻ֮Ƕסġ߰˵
磬˭˭޻ϵۣҲͬס
ս֮ϣ˭ʲôݣʲôͲҪս

һҲף˵ǣ鷳ӰȫԷſֽš
䡪ͻȻ֮䣬һը
ĿɿڴΪ޻ϢʧˣٽⱬըҲ֪޻ѾԱˡ
޻鷳ɾʹˣɲӰͻţ޻ĺ̨ҪҲ޷ǷΪǲΪС£Ⱥս
ĳɱȲӰͻº϶ᱻ޻ĺ̨ԼɺޣΪء
ȻŹᡣ
תĳ
ʱ񣬼ֱѰ·
ں޷£һͷֵľ˭޷ͩҲ⣬Ӳһ޻ľУ⻹£һͱ֮һ塣ҪǺ޷ԵĿ
࣡ķӦҲûеؿɱȥӲʩչֵķط
תһ֮£صתǬߵ
࣬ҷ࣬ǿǿ縧ɽڡ

ֲ߽£ǽ֣ʵϣȴȻ·磬һһء
߳䲻⣬׼
߳⣬ִӦս
񽩳ֲ£Ȼǻ·硣
Ҳѹ֣ʢ֮ʿܹû˼ɵʵȻö˵
ǲҪˣͩȴǻָĶѾԱɣڳͩȻŹһĺ¡
ࣿһзطӦһ򽣹һͩл˷ɺ罣һʽó
ɽΪ⣬գۼԽľ룬ǰ
ԭطһͱ飬Ҳûۡʣµطеȷս׵ıڲ㶼Ƿطࡣ
ķطһַģʽͩĿռԼɪĽֲһ
ϵԯޡ
һַطתΪʵϣκⲿ˺ᱻȡ˲
ֻҪʩߣԴԴϣô䷨ͿԽڲ
ͩԪռܺɪĽ磬˼붼κιԲ޷ôȻͲܵκ˺

ķط˼붼ǽѾĹ취ΪΡ
һת˺ط
һַģʽǾǽѾĹֱӣַģʽӰԵǧּԲ
طʵҷģʽԭͬġ
屾û㣬κιܲĥ𡣵ȴа˺ۣȱ
ȱǻ壬˺ԽľԽ
ôеĴͨߣΪҷģʽķϵ
ֻԷܻ֮ľ֮ʱ
֮ôһйӣϵĲ
֮ʢ֮ʱʥоַģʽΪʥ֮֮ѼԪ֮٣ԴԪ
ǸԼƵطα֮˵ղ񹦡˾ת̹塷ȵȡ
ЩһɣܣΪα֮һз깥Կӣ
Ϊʲô˵α֮Ϊ֮깥Ҳӣʥڣ𣬲ܱɱֻܱӡ

˵ķطһַģʽôͩĹǿ̺Ĵ͸پҲûжá
ǿϧķطһ֣Ƿ
ͩĴ͸£ֻҪܹ͸ͿֱϮ
͸ֱָǹ֮УǰʮĴ
ͩԪռܡɪķ硢ֻǷķԷǸ
ΨһַģʽľǸ͸Ч
ԣͩĽɴ͸ֱϮ
ͩһܴ֮Ȼ˵ܴأҲΪȣôܣôҷŵģ
漴ͩԶٷмɵʱ˵ս£ǿƿȻһʧ١
ͩԶһĻһ̾ռ˲ƹȻĲֶΣ֮УԴΪߡ
ͩԸĺһ㽫ǳѹʩչֶεûСֻҪһָҲܹӵ
лӰȣ˻˿³ϰͩлһлҲȷʵʵġ

ʱӪѾ֮ǰͻϮ˻ʱʿλͷǿһһӣرԼ£ǵʿѾ䵽㡣
λɽڣûգԳ˰ɣ޻˵ʮλ޵ͬһʱѡˡ
ߣôף˻˵ʮλ޵ɲˣ߾ߵĵطôõȥǵķţ
ǣ˻˵ʮλ޵ֽҪܵ޻ǿλ޵ʮ޵Źˡ
λ޵ҲǶε޵϶ӪǿߵԶԸĽɫǺܲҵرһȺͬ̫ǿ߸ƫƫ֮ĺһ˿ռ˲֮ͨû취Χ֮ѡ
ڴʱͩͻϵˣλͷǿ֣߳Ƕε޵Ҳֻӭһ;
λ޵ھͷǿǰ߹
ͩͻÿ˷
ӡ
ת
޵䣡

˻˵ʮλ޵ضԻ
λӰҪӰıͽóѡҡͷ̾
μӰлӰȡһתͩ
Ҷͬ壬˿ͩɨһڳʮλ޵ǿߣǿߡ
׻Ժ˵ｻƺ󣬱ӰԮˡҲûﵢʱ䣬תͩȥԮˣ˾ͽӰˡǳɹȥ֧ԮþˣȻ˾ͽˡ
ãͩӦ׼̡
ͩ˵һ񹦡תŹα֮ţֻͩңɹΪңԶˣŹԼԣͩҲָ֮ǰ޻ȭ֮˼壬ָȫʢ״̬ͩǿ̾Ԯˣ
ͩ뿪˻ܲһ㣬ʱ첽·ѾԶ԰֮ң
ͻȻ֮䣬һͩĿͩʺ
ͩһջĲĽΪˣ˸֮䣬˳Զľ룬ſеȷɱķ֡

ɣҲǺ棬˭ô¡ִͩɱ֮˼Ϊɵ
ʱ򣬳ֶԸģȻӪǿߡͩû˵Ӫ֮УǰѪ֮⣬˭ôĴɱ졣
ʹڣͩоҲδҳɱߵӰ
ˣҵڴ˵ȺʱӰһ˹漴ǰ治ԶͻȻӰ
ͩˣɫһݣ˾ȴһƵı飬˵ȷʵˣӦòֻλɣһλأ
ֵλǱˣ֮ǰӵķԼͩ϶ɪ
ⲻص㣬صǶڰĵλǿߣͩǳİʮּɵ
ͩҲûϵ϶־Ȼ;ԼһܵĻɽ֣ľڻ֮£ȷʵһѵص㡣
Ǻǣ˼ǵλսѲϲİˣֻϲɱİˣ֮ǰһ档ɪһϷʵ˵
ͩˣҡͷ̾ǿϧˣԭǸ˵ļһ


431  һ
Ƕͩķ̸޶ã͵ûһһ㷴ӦҲûС
٣λͷ޵ΧһˡǲӦԺˣͩһԳ˵ȻˣͩȴûбֳκεĿ־֮ɫ
ûд㲻Ƕýûа취Ҳһļһһǲмֶεġ
ͩɱ޻ҵʱڳ£޻ĺ̨ưոݵģҲӰ϶ܵǣŭһӦߺսǿǶܵһЩǣ
ɣ鷳
ԣȻҪ취ֲõİ취Ǳ
ǣϵ˵ɪԼӰɱ
һߺսľλǿߣΪ˶ԸӪǰĿƽֵģǵĵʹӪʮλͷǿߣӪߣֻλ
ƽһ֣Ըһ
ԣɪȥͩ鷳Ǹ޻ȥ˻鷳
ˣӪͩδһǲ䣬һξ޻䡣
ԣ˶ͩӳ̶ȴ

һΧϷ롣
ǾͷǿߣҲÿһ˶ƿ˿ռ˲ƵĴͨһθΧͩλ˿ռ˲ƵλҲֻǲ̵ʱۼһж
ٽڵıǰ˰Ѷ̵һֳֻһѵҲ˵ͻȻ֮˰ֻ֣
μ࣬ʵϣԭǿߣ塣
ҪСİ˰Ѷ̵ʵһеȹɱͬʱʹӳɲС
ͩ˿̸Ļᣬȷ˹
ͩó˷ɺ罣ֱֳмŶԷİٽڵɱ
ֵĵ죬ǹǶȷǳ졣
ͩмܵʮܡ
ţɪվһ˳
ͩһҪӦİٽڵ޷ɪĿֲɱˡ
Ȼͬһһϵķɱϱͩ޷״̬֮С
ƹƹǳ࣬ƵҲ൱ߡ
ͩһѽҪס˼Ұ˰ѵȷʵ൱ס

ͩᵲһһһ䣬ĺΪãס˶ִӲӽǶȵѵĹһֱֱ̣ȡԷۣбؾȣʹֶԻصмܡ
ɾڴʱֵİ˰Ѷ̵ȻͬһʱسȻͳһ̵ֱͩķɺ罣ȥ
ͩ̾УĴΪ
ǰһо˰Ѷ̵ҲڴʱУ˵ʻ״ӭͩһ
ͩзĺᵶǿԭΪԽɵġ
˭֪ϵգ֮ͻסˣ˵ʱʱ죬ߵȺشϣͩĽУһʱ֮Գ齣
ͻȻͩо·ӿ籩ëֱ̹ǵıӼ׵ֱ͸Ժ
ʣͩҲ֪͵Ϯ
ͩϵƣҪ㿪ǳһ
ͩϿǺ޷սףܶԷͻȻɱʵϡ
Ҷֵѡʱ൱ǶҲǳʣͩûκη֮ߣҪô㿪Ҫôһ

ͩҪƵ徹Ȼãŷ˫ȺһòҲ֪϶ɪֱʡ
ǰ·£׷ȫޣá
Ǽõľɱ

ͩھͷǿ߹һҲС͵֮ǰͩ޻Ļȭ֮³һСĿһȭǸŷսװİ
ˣͩҲ֮һ塣
ûзսױ֮µͩǰӰɱһԲ롣
ӰɱǴ̿͵ߣ͵ǿߣǿǿǿ̵ʱ֮ڣǿ˺ǵǷõ˼㣬ɪķöࡣ
潻棬ӰɱǱͩŰĶû⡣
ڣͩȴǰδеΣ֮С
ӰɱĴ̽Ѿսˡ
ʱ򣬿Կططˡ
Ϊʱ򣬿ռͽķطöûС
ͩȻˡתǹ粻ңҲصĵת
Ҫ֪תΪأÿһַ־תžŰʮһת֮ܣɾͽ֮
ӵ֮ĴڣʱҪ䱸ϼɱǾǲĴڡκι޷˺ˣӵ֮ԪԪ

ӰɱǺεȴڣΣżǿ츳˵Ǵ֮̿еߡ
ӰɱӲ潻棬ˣҲƾԼʵͷǿߵУɴ˿ɼĿ³̶ȡ
һԿԽûзɱӰһɱ
֮ţӰɱɱǿҲûá
илرΪ̫֮ˡѶҲΪˣ֮ʱʹͲ˵ˡҪ֮ʱвǱ³
ԣǵ֮ǿʢ֮ʱҲûмܹڳɾʥ֮ǰӵ֮
һ£ܹңͲ㹻ˡ
ͩŵأͣ׶ΣҪǶͩͩķ֮񣬱֮ЩǿҲ˿·硣
ͩǿȻԴﲻӲӰɱɱĳ̶ȡ
ΣͷͩǷĵơ
һͻأؽͩڡ
ᡪӰɱ԰յĴɱȻסˣôܣ

Ķ̽ɲһеɱ̽ƷЧĴɱרý˵Ӱȫ޷װзɱҲͬһܹشԷ
ĴɱÿһζɪһԸġ
ۿҪɹˣȴһâסˡ
ѵӰķطܰʹǽסˣ̺ǿܲȫʧɣ
ľ۹һ㱦⣬Ҳɱ֡
ͩôͬʱװװ
Ͳ
ÿһʿ壬ÿһɱʹãֻһ
˵ͩ׷սףʵϣֻʹһһ꣬ջؾӡ֮Ȼ󽫾ӡһսϣʹһսס
ͬģɱҲһ
ɴ˿Կ׹ɱ֮ˡ
˵ʹõİ˰Ѷ̵ճ˵ֻһѣΪǳױ԰˰Ѳһѵ
Ǵû˿ΥǼԪҲС
ӰɱһССܹ

ǱƳҵĵƣô׼ȥɣҲɱǣɱˣʵ̫˷ˡͩһСɱʮ㣬˸ҫ۵ı⣬ͩΪڱ֮Уһй޷˺
ôɱҲȵؽе
νɱһսףп˵ӡ֡⡱֮ĶֻսףΪս״ϣӰս
͵ķɱҪƿʹܷǵЧ
иĺôѷֵĸãֻսװˡ
ûмʶļһ˭㣬ֻзɱз֮Чͩ˵
ʱλ޵ˣһ¡ȷʵˣǷɱз֮ЧġɱõúãҲܹ𵽷Ч
ͩеıôǹɣ
ãܣķӦ죬ƺ뵽ʲôʹʩչռ˲·
ܣôסͩа룬ͬʱһʹʱѹʱյܡ򣡡

һӣ˶ûܵ˵ˣһ¶൱ѡ
ʱѹܣѹʱգͬԽѹ
ô£ʲôӰɱڿţһ֮ɫ
޷֮ôܣǶֵʵ̫ǿӰеı̫ǿǿó֮⡣
⣬ѵǴ˵еĶɱѹӰܹʵѹһﲻɽˮ֮ʱ¶һ󱯰
ùǵùô͵ùǵڶ˰ɣһλᣬҷģԺɥǾ·ɪܱķǳõľͷǿߣսҲǻζԭߺսɼټŰģ˸Űˡ
ӣӣʵ̫ˣ޻˵ôĿӣӰ쵰̫ˣҪǻţҷԺҲһɵ쵰ʵ̫ˡӰɱҲǼΪƣ֪һˡ
ͩЦЦ˵ӭǼ뱾ū͵С
λ޵ʱԸҲΪͩūͣʱɼԱ
Ϊʱѹ֮ɲǷӡܹȵģѹбҪĻ˼붼ѹͣ١

գͩλ޵뱦֮Уѹ
ͩջ˱ͬʱҲл˷սס
ͩɨһսƻһսȻ뿪˴˵ء
Զ֮ǰս֮ͩһطһʱ֮УϢ
ʹʱľϵ޵иУ־޵Уµһĸоʵ˳ԣָоǶҩһ񫣬ôͺѰˡ
£ͩʹʱ֮󣬶ѡһʱ䡣ʹԼ̵ʱڣϵġҩ
ûа취ͩڻ̫ˣͩΪﵽ֮۵Ĳ֮󣬸ߵȼɱͿʹˣǸʱͩľҲܹﵽﲻӯĵĳ̶ȡ
ͩ˱ʱٹܣͩڱ֮˰»ָҰѹڱ֮е֮ˡ
ֶͩλūͣÿһ޵ģǿĪڷɪӰɱλڳֳһľͷ޵
ֺˣͩӵʮһūͣʮ޵ġ
ͩۻȥʮ޵ͿΪϼĵ̺ͻ˵ôԶࡣ
ʱֻ˰СʱͩŴӱ֮˳·ܲԮ


432  Ѷ
ͩϵܲʱսڸֻ߳˻ﲻͬβͩеô⣬òʤֻǿȥϢȻ˲Ĵˣ֮⣬˵ҲиĿꡣ
γƾ֮
ͩǲĽȻԤϣΪ˫ʵ࣬˭пȡʤֻǵȵ֮ʱʤһĴҲС
ͩûͷµ޵ֱȥ
ͩͻȻ֣еͩ
ߵķӦҲǽȻͬ
Ӱ̫ˣʱ򡣡ϲؽеͩȻԮġ
ôܣӰôģһؽеƺǿʲô˼顣
ΪĴӰɱ֪Ӱɱһ뿪ҲǳӰȥġ֮⣬ǿҲ˴¡
ӰȻسôȥأ
ͩͷƤе㷢ˡ

ķӦҲ죬ͳһ飬˹ȥ
Ӳ飬Ա㹻κһλܵش
֪˳˻ǳˣûбķ
֪ʹĿҪƿԼȻ·Ҳһûа취
һ飬ƿ֮⣬ֱɢݡ
ˣ֮ǰ´˳˵
ߵüΪɴ࣬ΪͩʱϵһǷӡĳǧ⣬ȴѾˡ
Щ⣬ÿһݶֻ˼ǧ⣬͵ȴϵ塣
Ǵݵܵˡ
һѾܵľͷǿߣͩҲ׷ˡ
Դ˲⣬Ҳˣͷǿ߻治ɱġ
лӰǰԮȥ治֪ôͩлҲҺãӰɱڲ֮ǰ뿪ˣҿҲֲˡ
ͩҡͷӦˣС²ҳݡ

ˣȻѾûˣ»øȻԮܴᣬһʱɡͩðԼԮȻء
Ҳ֪ԼڵͬǰԮҡͷ̾ðɣӰˡ
ͩҲûж˷ʱ䣬һԶɶȥ
ȻˣӪ֮е֯һˣΪ˵ʵ൱ǿֻڲϵڶ࣬˻ôġ
еʱʵҲ൱˵ġ
ʶӹ˵ͷǿΪףΪǸ
ͬӪ˴·һ㣬ҳ̶Ǽս֮ǿġ
֮⣬һսľͷǿ˫
ȻλͬΧҲȷʵơԭ볬Ȼʵڲ֮䣬߶һλ˫ʵȻȻؾλϷˡ
ǴƵĳȻҲȻûаսԽսԽ£һʱ֮䣬λͷǿҲûа취˻սһսֲŸոսĻ

ȻαôأĹѫ뿪αΪƴأһ߶һȰ
ǺЦȻˣΪΪأȻЦ
ߣȻڤ粻飬ҵһģǾͲҪĺˡһϵҲ󣬹ĽǶҲԽԽݡ
˫һԲе˫һһһֵȥΨıȴ̺żµɱ
ȻѹȻֻ֮еһȻȻ˿塣ʩչĸо
һж˵ܹͬӦ
ȻѾӵ˻ĴѶ֪ӰԮֻҪӰһս̾ͿŤת
ʱ򣬲Ƿʱ
˫ڿ񹥳ȻͻȻ֮䣬ӵĴѶ
£æءֳһʶϵ
Ͻ˰ɣӰأҲص޻ʵĸްɣŵ
ʲôôܣӰɱɪλǰȥôܵˣĴ˫Ϊռ˲Ŵ֮ͨûвӰ֮¡ֻϢǼλ

ûʲôܵģӰţλѾʧȥϵųսϵͳ׶༪ˡףǾͷǿߣҲɿǲ޵УԲע֮Σսʲô鶼пܷ
⣬⣬⡭ڵĸǲãԭõľôŪ
޻䣬ȻǽԮҲˣԭõľ˲תӪķҲ൱׺ݣ˵޻ʧأֻʣ´èСèֻˡ
ӰĳƵϺ޵УѪȡϵľͷǿߣһˡ
ˣϵ
ĳˣ֮еļλǸɸЩ⡣
ÿ㳷ˣȳˣ˫ڻҲᳬȻȥΪ󲿶ڻ
˫Ҳóȫ˳ȻȻҪȥҪȥȵùһء
㲻ҵĶ֣Ȼ˫ǲмһˣΪͨһǧ˫ɲ˫ͨʵǿ֮ͬУռźܴơ

ȷʵĶ֣ҪƹңҲװɣ˫ʵɪҪһЩȷʵǳȻĶ֡ǣֻסȻһʱ䣬ӮȡһЩ˵ʱ䣬õġ
˵ڻ֮£󲿷ֳɹսԶ˶ȥ
ʣµСˣʵǿһ֣ҲΪЭô󲿶ȳԭ
ֻλǸ޵ļǿ֮Уһܹͬǿϡ
ڴʱͩӰѾ˵֮С
ã죬쳷ҲͩԶһڵ㣬𽥷ŴɲӰǸʱ򣬻治֪ܲ˳ȫأ
Ȼᣬ͵һǿײƿ˫Ȼڻ󲿶ӳ˵޵ȥ
򡪡𣡡
ȻҲɱס޵Ƭʱ䣬㹻ˡ
˫ʱѵľأڿѡ볬ȻƴʹȻתעӦȻͿԳô˻ڻȻסļ޵ĻܻʧȥܵʱʱӰһȻԤϡ

˫ûмͩȻ֪ӰжǿͬʱжЩɵʵ֮ϵļλսѣʧˣҪͬʱͻӰͳȻˡ
һѡȻ̳ˣԱסӰĽӴ
գ˫һۣҲƺҲ˼ûԮ֮˫˾
ˣΪһݹԶս
˫һۣŭһҪ˫Լûȥ
һ룬˼˫æģֲ˵ˣƾʲôΪ˸ࣿ
ѵľأ㳷ˣȻϣһԼҪλ֣ͬѹ֪ˡ֮һȻԶӰİֱµ
ǲȵĻЩܹĿܼͣΪҪͷǿߣͬһȺ֡ҹѣǿ״֮£ܹӳ
˵ĵλɾʵˣΪЩ޵ڲҪʲһȫĵ̺ĿĻһˡ

ͩѾӽսսֻмο粽ľˡ
ǳ˽ⳬȻҪȳ£ǶʱڿģҳȻܿѾӦ׼ǳ󣬿ҲѾǡ
ԷӲƴֻҪӼϢʱ͹ˡ
ҧҧ˵λ֤ǿߣ̵ʱ䣬ǸڡͩһۣһҲΪһݹ뿪ˡ
Ϣͩս֮ϣ֮ǰȻԶһЩҲܹԶԶؿִ
̾Ϣǣʵ˵̫ˡ
ʱԵֻͩðѻ˱ȻסλȻ˵ĹǸǿϡ
һй֮󣬻ܹŵ֣λѡ
һԹ۵ĳȻͷƤ飬ӰĿʵǼʶˣֻжѣλ޵ˡ
лӰʱԮ򱾺ĴҲ֮ȻͩлҲóΪͩĵʹ˫˵ȫˡ

Ҳ˱ѣȻҪѶʣµֲˡͩЦЦشԵøƽ׽ˡ
ͩǷµ飬һο˵һȫˣ˷Ƿͩ顣
Ӱ˵Цˣ˷ıĹĪڸ£¶ӪĹףȻʹǺ棬λȥһƽεǿߣжôǿ󣬾Ȼֻƾŵ˫λǿ߳ˡ
ҲˣȻѾ˽ˣǱҲ͸ˡʲôʱ򣬷ķʲôʱ֪ͨҰɡͩԳȻ˵֣ϣܴ
ȻӦȻˣҵȾͲˣȵƺʧ֮󣬾ͻᷢķ
ǿ϶ģôĿӪûа㷴ӦǻȻȥ
һοǴӪ棬һӪڲͻը졣


433  ֮ǰ
ͩص˶ʮ쾮һαչһսá˳㣬Ҫ꾧Һ
磬˫Ӫһս֮Ӫȴһ䣬϶յĽ
ȥ缫ΪƽҰ⣬Ҳûʿߡȣⶼֹƽ֮С
ӪҪʱͳƽˣ
ӪҲҪʱʿģ취ֵӪķˡ
Ӫôһưոݣ
ӪȻһ͵Ϯ֮ռ˲СıˣͬģҲ˲ƵĴۡһȺʮ޵оͷǿ߾λ֮࣡
ʧνءǼʹˣӪҲȻ㹻ʵԱǵľͷǿϣȻռơ
ֻмʵһЩѡ
ȻӪʧҲͬСӪھͷǿ߷ûʧκһλмǿ߲εʧҲӪСһЩֻ۷ϵʧԶԶӪ
˵Ӫıϳʧˡ
ν˷۱

ͩչսãʵϣսͩĽѾˣͩڴһֲϲµľأͩƵĲ˥
˵˥ٲ٣ͩͲٴȵؽ
սʱ䲢ֻͩһ¾ˣʣµʱ䣬ͩ꾧Һ֮С
Ϊ˾ﵽЧͩòʹʱʱٹܡ
ʱĵ񾧣һСĿǶͩ˵㲻ʲôͩɱôϵõսƷ֮У񾧵ͲһСĿͩңĲ񾧡
ͩǧʱ䣬˾Űٶ꾧ҺŽȫɹ֮ǰͩ꾧Һ಻٣һǧ˰ٵ֮
ͩɱ꣬ڷĸٶȸһ¥
˵һƽͩ·
˵һ˥ǧʱ䣬ֻͩҪһ߲ռ䷨һߵȴˡ
֮·ֻͩҪĵȴˡ
ҪЩ׷Ѱ֪ˣ֪ж˶ͩĽɶʺأ
¾ԲСĿɣ

ͩˣʼ󲿷־ڶԿռ䷨Ĳ֮ϡ
Ƕڷĸ򣬲ڷǵñزɣ磬ͩɽ۾ҽϴ裬Բռ仯Զ£ǿ
ӣһꡣ
ͩڽӵĿ֪ͨ
νᣬʵռ֮пһ鵥ļܷ䣬ֻҪʶһͿԵ
ȵᣬֻҪõʿͿͨսϵͳֱӵ½䡣
ͩʶ᳡ʱ򣬴ʱССʮһ˵ҪǸɶˡԭֻжʮ߸ˣǾĳսв޵𣬽ĸµˡ
᳡ԲηֲֳݲΡҲǰջƽ𡢰ͭ𻮷֡
עĿģĪڴԲ߸ƽΡ
ԭƽֻֻڶһ
ʱƽ֮ϣѾˣǾӪͷ
ͩһ뷿䣬ʶͳڻƽǰ
ѾµλͷͬʱվӭӵӭӰ
λϵĸǣҲһͬվͩӭӰˡ
λѣˡͩȭкһ

һ
ͩҲԼλϣߴĻƽΣһڰͭεĹ֮£Եø߹
˻ֻҼȻˣǾͿʼˡλҲ֪һλٿ⡣ҵ׼𣿡
ˣһǿͬ˵Ȼһʱ䣬ӪΪ˿ڣھۼӪ
ܺãôӪȫ濪ս˻ؽе
鱨ʾѾ㼯һȻҲǴźͬĿģǱҪʿûлʱ򣬸һԣҪ죡þ˵
һεĲԺܼ򵥣ǾǼǵƣ˳״ӵͼϳĨȥ˻˵
ʵǣǱȻоλͷǿߣȻռţҷӦԣһλ˵ʵ
ڵ壬ɵľĶǿߣȻŶӪƣڵĳȣڲˡ

ҲΪͷǿ߶ţǾͽԸɣҪԸǾͷǿµǿߣһսҪӮˣԽһٸϳߺսܹͬһ򾡡
ʵ˷ӪĸǿߺʿΪǼһܹеͬȥֿӪķˡ
ôȻУʵǿ٣ԱĿԴ±Ӫơ
ͬʱǽеһ˱һ򾡡
һƻɹӪͿԶӵȣӪҲûзĿܣ̫أ˵ҲһصĴ
ǰս޻˾ͱˣ˵ľͷǿ䣬Ǹʧ߰˰ˣ޻˼Ϊ˶ˡ
ս޵Ҳʮλ޵ռʮ֮࣬һˡʧȵϵƮѪʮ٣ʧҪء
Щ֮Узõ͹עһξȻô࣬˵Щ֮лһλδһ䣬õǰ;ûˡ

־޶ʧ֮ϧƻأɳǿ߶ƮѪ׷ɱɴ˿ʧԻʹ쳡
һӪȴûɳǿָԤΪЩ徫ӢһУǸԵĶУһڻս֮£Щ徫ӢҲҲںֶԸĳһˡ
˵ͩͩϵľͷǿ߲٣ǿϧģֻһǾ޻
ֻһͷôۣҲΪĿƻس֡
ƮѪ̫ȫһ֮רǿߣŭ֡
ͩȻɵļʧƮѪɵֱʧСΪȻڹ֮ڣûԵ̫Ҳûбֳһԡ
ңս򣬻Ӫз͵ϮʧٶҲǻãֻܹʵˣ޷ǿǽⷢӡ
ʵͩɵʧѾΪˣرһǱ˵޻⻹ҪԽ˵ʨʧ

һӣһֱӡ
ӷ˵ȻͩӸܡ
ƮѪΪҵڣƮѪս˸ʧ
ڣȴҲڳͩΪսӪǿߣͩĸ˱ֲͻ
ǣɷϵǣͩΣԱƮѪΪýƣսﵽĿģһ仯ͻһĲӰͷӦ
νǣһȫĪڴˡ
ͩĴڣͩս֮󣬲ûǿ֣߳ڴŷǿߵӵ⡣
С֣ƻսƽ⣬Ӱơ
޻ҲǳϵظıսƣֱؾλͷǿߣΪռ˾Եƣ˶Ӫܹǽȴ֮⡣
׷ҪΪ¸ģͩ޻
ԣߺսǿߣֱ׳ߺսǿߣָƻأǲҪս
ƻأսڣǵ׷ɱƮѪĽڡȷʵսĬƮѪ뿪ս

ڣͬץסƻأսڣǳ
һҲսǺ̫ˡ
ȻѺãڲܹľìܺ
󳬼֮䣬ھԵѺãҲھԵĵжԡ֮䲻Ըͬģ֮⽻ϵһֱţ໥֮о
֮䣬ܹϵκγһս
ԪϵսûбһΡ
Ϊһμ𼫸ߵĵͻ
һβսΪﵽۼ𣬵ҲôһΡⳡҳͻǾ޴ա
ֻǼλսǸϷһ㣬Բܣ
λٴǱٴҲûпܡ
Ըิ֮󣬾Ǳ϶ѡ
Ϊ˿ǱսǶô飿
ԣȻ˫ڽʵϴҶĬֻ֪ЩǱһƻôԷͻŽʩѹ
ֻʩѹĿģҪͻĹģͿܡ

ͻķΧͼ̫̫ͻᶯҡʵͷչҲ̫С̫СͲĥº󱲵Ŀĺá
İսʵΪķǱʵͬʱҲĥк󱲵һõط
ߺսδҪȡӪʵƴĸ漸ǲܵˡ
ᣬ֮УһϵзƻͬʱϣֱӲȡƣɽнֹͿˡ
ȻǷ࣬ŶӦ˵䣬˻ûаС䣬ǰչ͹䡣
Ҳ˵͹Խ󣬽սʤ֮õҲԽ
һ㣬ǴҲãСҲգҲãǶǿҲգ޻˵
ͷ䣬Զƽķ䷽ʽҪõ٣ҪŬ㲻Ͷܷ
Ȼֶܹʱ䣬齨֮ľηȵȣһжҪ׵ã֮սҪʲô̫صĺڡ
֮һλԲˣҶ뿪ȥ׼ˣʱ򣬿ս֮Ŭɱ׬ѫͬʱҲΪס


434  󷴹ϣ
ƻѾƶ˳׼Ҳܿ죬£ܹʽչ
Ӫȥƺ֮࣬УĶ۷Ϊ
ȵս֮УĲǴģսֹģľӢս
ͩ󲿶һָͬսͩóھҲûǵϵӴڣԣһֱһԿ֡
ǿ֣ͩҲ˲ٵļʶ
ļսɲͩȫѹǰչսģǷֳɸֱִС
óԶ̹ڱóԶ̷óսͻó󷨵󷨱óҽóԵѻľѻ֣óɱǱеȵȣЭͬսͳһָӵȡ
սͩҲЩĿɿڴ
磬ԽߣʵԽǿֱϵľӣһ֧ͿԿ߾ˡ
Ļķչʽͻᷢ޴ĸı䡣
໥ϵӣսȷʵ൱ֲǶǿ˵ɳʮλͿѹľӣľٶ༸Ҳһ

ͷǿУֱӲսΪӦԷľͷǿߣʵϵ޵ûֱӲսڴӪ֮
Ӫľռƣƣǰ÷ǳ죬Էķǰأֻ˶ʮ첻͹
ȫӪرʿǧλ
Ҳࡣ
ʿûлָ쵼ľͷ޵ҲһӪʵ¡
һʧٵͬˣݺǶסǿߣοԼˡ
ͬӪͷ䲻ʲôܣ޻˱ðҲ޷ʿĶڰıԵ
ȫʵ˵ܲ˵״һ㶼ѡ޻˵ܲǡΪ޻˵ܲҪǿһЩ޻һֱΪӪĺˣ쵼ӪӪ࿹⣬ͼһֱˡ
ڣ޻˱ˣȻȻҲʧȥͳӪʸǣصơ

ܲǰ棬ߣ±ࡣȻЩǰıūɡ
֮ǰӪӪĵһߣȫߵǧ࣬Ҳ࣬ΪߺػߵĶū
ū˵ûʿһ˵ҲηõڻңҲõͻ
˫ӪľսһβǷ֮Ļϣʧأ
ʧǼ˫ū档
ľս˫ӪĽʿǲֵġ
ڣӪҪģҲӪūūʵ̫Σգǿ߻ҪΣա
ͬʱҲһĬ
ͩҲ޺ɺӺ˳ȥ䵱ȷӵǿ֮һҪӦľǵر֮е޵ǿߡ
Ȼڱһֱ֧ԮǰȷҲӪǿԭ
ڶߣӪ£ǧūŴ
ȻзʧҲԲӪ٣ֻӪࡣ
սۣҲܹúǰٶȱƽˮƽ֮ϡ
ӪԿڽԷз˵֣ҪȻʧҲƽˡ

ӪӪ֮УλͷԼһЩҪָԱеһš
ӽٹ꣬ǾͿչսˡ鱨Ա棬ռԷķϣռˣʵ
ѾһЩݣȻǲ²һ˵ķȻһǿ޸ģû٣ǹȴ˲٣ǲɲӡ鱨ռĲþڵ
ǵʦӣõǰռݣΣ˴ʵ
ڼֻĿǰϻ̫ˣ޷õĴ𰸡ҡͷ˵
š˵ͷǿھ͵õ𰸣ֻ׼Ҫȵ鱨ͻ鱨ԽԽ࣬ĽҲñ֤ϲС
˵ĵߣǺʱܹƣȻƺá˷˵
ߣ˰ڳıֶУҪҪһʱ䡣ڻش
޷ʱ䣬㲻ʲôֻҪȨоͿˡʲôͷӦ

ֻͩϯûзʲô
ǰߵսͩһֱ״ƵϹۿֹģȼսͩʶ˾ӵ
ͩľӣҲ޷еģԱ֤Լȫˡ
ʱһΣȥˡ
ⳡս˴꣬Ǵ˵ܲˣ˵ܲ󷨽γһ󷨼Ⱥ
Щȫ໥֮£˵ķ
ӪߵʦҲǳصģ󷨵ؼ۵ȣȻӪų
󷨼ȺǿȴֹǰôҲûУΪҲ˲С
ҲӪ˫ۺʵϣ
һΪ˸ʮ޵ܴǧ۷սͬʱūȫûĴۣǹ˵Ӫǰһ߲
ʱ˫Ӫһ˫ǰװ¶˫Ľս
ǧϲ˫мǿ֮ĶԾս
׸߿վǾͷǿ֮Ľ

ʱ˫Ӫ˹ƽ֮С
ԻΪ׵λͷǿߴȺ֮˳
ͬģǱΪ׵ľλͷǿվ˳
˫Ի棬һѹնʱ
Ϊ˫֪ⳡսʤǵҪȡʮ֮ĶԾ
벻Ҳ㷭Ļᣬǿϧûнһ򾡣ҩζʮس
𣿿ϧˣҵ϶Ѿˣʸҵ¶𣿡ߵ̬ӶԷ˵
ͬʱҲڰӪǰ졪޻Ѿ군ˡ
һԷʿͬʱҲµӪǷܹڡ
ʵϣ޻֮󣬶λõҲ٣ֻռǳ屾λã۱Ȳ޻ͬҲδظ߹Ӫλͷ
⻰һ˵ڣʱðȼλͷﲻԾزһ̡
Ȼֳ֮£˭Ҳֳ
֮󣬲ŭҪ̲סƿڴЩǸסԼ

޻Ӱϣֲϣʲôʸ˵ĵģҲɵӣô˻ᣬҲƶ֣ͬʱӪͷǿߵĹϵ
Ͼ˻Ӫ죬߸Ƿɻġ
⻰ȷָȲӰӪ졣
ķӦȴǳԤ֮⡣
㲻ңҵˣӰϵĸҲˣǱֳ˷ͬһȣӰӪĹףҲ
ˣͬ壬ҶΪȺֻǾΪˡȵϻȣѹ޾µķ⡣ͩҲǫػӦ
ͩͻֳ֮һֻྴصĺг棬̳ա
ʵϣͩͻ֮ûֱӻӵͻ
ļԣǻ۳Ⱥ񿴲֮ĳͻ֮ĳͻ
ͺӪļͷΪӪ죬ȷʵһЩìܣ˵Ҳ֮˭죬ӪڲռݵȻ

ͩͻ֮䣬ûⷽĳͻͩһҲû齨κˣȻӪ֮λӸϣ˲֮ĳͻҶͬ壬ս֮ϣȻŽᡣ
ҲͩӪļ֮䲻ͻԱ˴֮ദüãʹͩܿǵȦ֮Уõ˴ҵĽɡ
ңӪļλͷҲͩʵԵظе𾴡
ս֮ϣǿΪ
ߣ˵ϻˣջҪս֮ϼϣɱ֡ڻռˣֱˡ
룡ʿǣɱɷһӣ´˽ָ
Ӫսĸ߳
˫۷޵Լʮλͷǿߣüǿѽѷ֡
˫Ӫ֮ĳޣһ̳ױ˳
ս˫ǿߣÿһսѡѡͬšͬڶԷϣ޾ֳһֱۻһ̳׼
˫ҵĴսݡ

˻ΪӪ֮ľսҶĬȥûдš
˰ǶҲԩңƺ
Ȼ϶ˣ˲֪ٴΣʤΰ룬սĻᵹǲࡣ
þ˰ѪĬֻĬֳ֮£ֳܱòս˫Ӫɺ
ʹĶսλͷǿߡɭ޺˫
ӪʣµͩѹأľͷҪһԸ
ֱǸϺ
λǿȻΧͩȴû϶֣ȻǶͩʵ˵ս൱ɵġ
Ӱͬúýʶһ£ܹһ֮ɱλսѵľǿߡ˵
ǼһѵаܼȻڸµУƾһ㣬ҲòʾϺҲû̾Ͷ֡
ɪڹҲΪѸ㣬ȻϢʧˣ̾硣̾
˵ףλǳɵͩʵΪλ־ܹͩλǣסͩȵƾеսֳʤ֮ٿ


435  󷴹£
ͩҡͷ̾λҪǣסңȻȵǷʤ˵
ԸϣҲغ͸½ˡ̹Ȼسϵ
Ǿҿǵʵ˵ɣͩޱ˵
Ϻλһۣͬʱ˹ơ
λȺóսϺɱóԶ̹óٶǱдɱһ깥ط
ܷӵսԶԶʤ˷ֿܷ֮ӵս
һλͷǿΪӦͩŬϰϣҲһЩ
ֳеɱ񽣣һ嵽ͩǰгµĹ켣ͩɱ
ͩвУɺ罣֮Уһʽʹ١
ͩĽײ
Ľͬһ㣬Ʋɵ
ǽɵϷֵϢʱ䣬ͱһ̴
ͩҲȡϢĶʱ䣬׵رܹ˶ֵķâ
򼼡ٻϺطʩչ
ͩͺཬ֮Уƶٶȱٻֵٶȱٻ

лͩõĲͨɱԭϵɱˮ£
ϵɱɲͨɱܹȵģˮµԳһռ磬ľлطʧЧ
֮ȻƮ죬ĥ
ȻϺɱܱȾˮ¸߼ֱӱͩӵˡ
ͩ˾лطϵɱµطӣʵһ¥
˵ˣֻͩƱˣ޷ͩ
һһʵԱȻø
ͩƴزסͩͩϾˡ
ԭϺطЧôڵͩԸͻᴦھԵ·磬ʱһֱڰĹлɱ֣ش֮ͩȡȨ
⣬ôܣϺȵؿԼطȻͩЧ漴Ӧ˹
ûطϺͬǾͷǿߣⲻҪɡ
ϺʹľС
һ֣Уܲá

ͩֵʱͻȻ֮䣬оԼȻ
һҺڵĹ˹ͩӦ֮ǰͩľл֮ϣƿл֮󣬻ͩķɱĻ֮ϡ
һϢûгסֱӱͩս֮ϡ
Ϣ͸ս״ݵͩڣʼʴͩ塣
Ȼ֮ͩڶͷųķʼԸϢҺϢֻ޸֮ˮƻǿҲǲġ
ͩʧַ֮ɢ
ҺãͩӦѸ٣Էġ
ͩ嵹ǲ޴󰭡
ͩϺò࿴ʱʱմ֮⣬ȻһЩ츳ǻԵĸ֣Լĵ·Щ֣ʱմ֮
˵Ϻ֮
֮ĴǷͬһΪʳԲϵ׳޷Ϥ䱾ʵǿߣһ֮֮²Ҳˡ

ҪҪһ£ͩڶ֮ڵķ֮Ĺϵˡ
߳ΪҲһ
ںϲ
ǵں
̺һֻǵ
ԣͩ÷ȥ֮˵Ƕ֢ҩȷ
һϰһУټϵʱܹ֮ʿ̫٣֮о֪һ㣬֮֮е׳󣬶ԿΧˡ
ԭֻҪַܹССʹǱҪĴ󲡴֡
ԣڵʱܹ߳Լ·ǿߣӡ
ǣЩǿߣܹߵȴǳ٣Ϊǵĵ·ֻпԼ֮۵ĲΣǿȴ
ΪʲôΪʱմʵ̫оϣһռ
ЩԼ·ǣûжپߣѹȻСöࡣ
ǣʱմ·ǰ˾ԽͬʱҲȷĵ·ָ򡣶Щ߳Լ·ĴǣûЩǵĽֻпԼȥǰ
ǰߵĽȻձȺ߸졣

Ϻ𺳣ӰԼľУȻ˿ƣϢҲû̫Ĳ
һ㣬شϺţһֱ߲ҲˣǾͷǿҲ⡣
ϺˣҲǿһطھͷǿվ˽Ÿݺսаܼ
ҲûǿƽǶƽ⣬Ӳ
𴩴̣Ҳͩһ֮󣬹ϵؿ׼ˡ
ͩո֮ͱ͵ϮС
һУʱϢȵͩʱѾˡ
乥Ȼͩɱֱͩȥ
һ깥ط
ڴʱҲᣬͻȻ˼ףڿлһʮ֡
ʮն
ͩɲС⿴ȥΪ򵥵ĽУΪʮֻĲǽ⣬ռѷ죡
һڵĿռиطֻǱںϵ֮УԻԺƭ԰ˡ
ÿһι̺ŷǱͨǿԭ֮һҪÿռиˣȻҪԿռ䷨ӵмǿƿ

ͩһԹ깥ŲʣΪͩж⼶ɱػ꣬깥κβοͩбѹԪ
Ԫռܣ
ʮնԪռܵĽ档
ìܵײ
߶ԽӵɲǼ䣬ʱƬ˹ĺڰ֮С
ⲻǹ⡣
Ƭռ䱻˺٣ݵĿռ֮Уһ̣һƬͬγȵĶռ𣬴ֱӺѾ׻
Ҫ֪Ŀռṹ൱̵ģεĽ֣ȻƬռ䣬ǼΪ˼顣
ʵϣǽʮնԪռܣǿռ䷨á
ռطĶԽӣһһأ쳣ľұ仯ŵ
ͩ͸ܵ˿ռʱನӰ죬˫˫õʮס
Ȼеȷɱನǵ˺
ͩȷǼΪƣطȻˡ
ԪռһʧЧһθֱӵرݻ١һ㣬ͩʶеԪռطǼ޴ڣһЩضĹطʱЧήһЩ

һγˣȻӰɱΪ޷ΡǱ֮ȴʤһĴɱͻͻȻΪһ֣ξͻᱩ¶һ̿˵ξζΣա
ͩоΣϢֱʽľ䣬ͩǳӡ
ͩķӦҲ죬̵ͬʱһʱͽ˱ӡ
ӡѹ
ͩǿطӡʩչ˳
ľǹĴ̽Ҳͩǰ
֮̽ϣŲЩѰԹǷǳµԹҲ֪ռǵġ
ͩɲ뱻ԹΪԹֶͩ˵һմϣء
ӡĳ
ɱͩĹ׵壬ӴĲ˼޷֮رѹá
ӡ·һɽѹڹϣ׸߿ѹء
ҲøϺ𾪡
ôܣһŵؿͩ૵
ϺҲϳͩķӡֳѹͲǸ߼ġ
ӰԭѾﵽǸΣѹֲϣҲаɣϺҡͷ̾

һ׼Ǿͷ޵Ҳѹġ
޵ǿϾûһӰѾǹؼԵһʣµĲˮɰˡ
սһߣʮλͷ޵׽ɱͬС˭ûзģ˭Ҳҷġ
ǵУ˱˴˵Ķ⣬Ķŵһߡ
ΪԵĶֶǼ֮һĻעУܾܿԼ
׸߿µսǼ֡
ӪӪľսȻֳƾе̬ơ
Ӫʿ䣬ĻɢձͬģӪʵҲԲСӡ
廹࣬˫ӪĽʿǶڼ֣ڷƴ
սĳȻǺܴ󣬱ȲЩǧĳģսۿɱȵģڲȴҪǿ̫ࡣ
ߺս֮ϣ˫Ӫʤ֮սʤ֮
۷εľŻս޵εĶдսǶףܹʤĲǣ׸߿֮ϣöѽѷֵľͷǿ֮ʤˡ

ƣʿ䣬ҧ֣Ϊţ׸߿֮ϣӪռԺӵơ
ǵһӡѹڵأõʱ
ӪʿӰ죬ӪȴǻȸԾ
û䣬ֻѾʧȥս
һĻҲøϺɫ䣬Ϊǲڼɵͩʵڲ²һЩ顣
²òǿɾ鷳ˡ
꣬ǲ߻͵ϮӰҪһٽ鷳ȻǷλʧ٣ӰС
ڼ֮ͩѹ˹֮ȴǣѵǱˣ
ĻǺͲˣʮıܣʵϺͱūҲ˶ˡ
Ǿͷ˯֮ҲͬᱻʩطūۣӴ˳Ϊ˵ū
һ룬ӰϺܿоͷūٵҲἱ¥
ڣǶˣҪӦ޻֮صߺս
ߺսܹ˵ЩпޣȫԷ
ҪǲصսҲӰֲĶ֡
²ǴģӰֳʵҲȷʵǳǿرǹѹֻ֮ˣѹ


436  ʲôʲô
ͩѹһ֣ͩЩſ÷ӡӳ֮УΪδɽѹɽ£ֻҪӳ֮£ûкľôͱѹ֮Ҳٳ
ͩڵķԼӡ˵ֻѹһʱѡ
һʱѾ㹻ͩܶˡ
ϺһβͩһǶ˵Ĺ½˲٣ҪԲΪԴܻͩΪĿˡ
ͬʱҲСͩԸһС
ͩġֹӰ򽣾ȻԿϺǸҪǼѡ
ͩλֽһʱˣȥҲûʲô˷Ѿˡ
ͩƿ˸ο粽սȦ
ϺҪ׷ͩȻ˳սȦһʱ֮䣬Щò⣬û֡
ô²ˣͩԶԶ˿ˣֵʵ
ԸͣϢɸ꣬ȻٺòˡϺվԶһ˵
˵ʵڻԭûĴӰڹѹ͸ûˡ

ͩɺ罣˻ҡҡͷ˵ȥ̫û˼ˡ
ֶȡζͲķʽ֪ͩ죬Ҳ򲻳αٴȥأ
ǲŶǾ͵ȵȣȵ˷ֳʤͺáҲͩȥΪǽͩһһע⣬һѹξսĽҲԸ渺ˡ
ҪǴ򡣡ͩһ֣ӰС󣬳ͩǰ
Ϻɫ˲ǵĵջǷˡ
ֵӰˣòˡ
ǷɪӰɱ
ԭӦսѵλˣȴΪ˵ˡ
Ȼǣ̲סе
Ϻ벻ҲɳԾһաЦݵк
ǰҲû뵽ϧѾԭˡϺ̾
սеڣӪѾռ˺ܴƣӪΨһľͷǿߵҲӪԽˡ
ҸоܺðҸоڵҲҡЦŷ
ǡϺΪ䱯õľͷ޵Ȼ䵽ز

ʱ򣬸ϺѾ¶˾ģԸսҲԸūۡ
ͬʱҲѾƴһս׼
ΪѾԤ֪ķתǵʤԽԽã
ʱ߲뿪ߺսӪǿѹҲһ졣
Ҫ˷ʱˣɵǣͩ
ǣˡͷ޵Ϻɱȥ
ͩעת˱ѹڵصĹϡ
ͩһͷȥĿȻǹ
Ȼѹս֣ͩ߹ˣʧɫ
Ȼں޻֮ʵֲӰƨҲ֪ġ
ɲصǵĸޣҧҧջǾԱ
䡪ͩһǳɴԱꡣ
ӡ޷ʱһѹʿֻ꣬ѹʿѹ˼롣
ǷӡȱڣȻǿ󣬵Բ
ɶ񣡡ͩҡͷ̾ﲻս˵Ұ⣬ͩԲŹһͷǿߵūһʱͻᶯʱ
ѾˣԷֱ˵Աˡ

ݺԱ͹ģӰ켫׸߿֮еһȺͷǿҲע⵽ˡ
ӪԴȻʿ˷ܿģֳʵҲ˼֡
ӪаˣʿȻܴҲ˰֮ƣһӱˮƽ
֮£˫ʵһγƽ
ӪռݵȻڡ
رֻ֮ͩɱͨ޵սȦӪ˼ѹͻҡ
ֳʿסӰɱ䣡ھϵͳ֮не
޻˲λ޵ԼĶ֣ͩɱ˹ȥǵĶ֣̾оսѽˡ
ǿ֮ԸվҲΪͩɱ޻ǾǻۣصҲᱻ޻ʦ𷣣Ǹʱ򣬺ܿ
ΪȺսɳպи֮ᡣ
Ӱλ޵ͬʱȼ壬Ҫسͩ
ͩ治ӲѾ޵
ǿĲʲε޵㲻̫ǿҲ׺ɺӺεġ
ͩ˵ε޵Ѿвˡ

ε޵ͩҲܹսʤֻǻѵʱЩѡ
Ѿ޵ͩҪһˡ
㶵ģ㶵²Ҫġ
ֲַҪļһԻκ˼˼ɻǳ
߹
ͩھ
Ѿ費Ҫ޵ҪͩȥͩǿҲûг롣޵ǿߣͩĲʵеôٴҵľڱƽƽġ
£۷ҪͩȥͩҲСӦ˿Ҵ⣬˵ʼ޵ˡ
򽣹һͩһߺˣһʹɽһ
ǻĿ꣬ҲĿ꣬ĿֻǶһ£ַسͩ˹
Ƴ
ֹֻͩһԷķӡ
˵ףֲǿĹǽȫʢʱڵԱҲ˵ԽԱԽ
ȻԱʱĵ㣬Ȼһ㡣
еɱĸ֣һֵͬԱֻҪĵλãĵԱ־ǲҲԽ˾֮¡
˵ͩӲӵԱʱĻͩԻή50¡

ͩǿҲԼ½50¡
ͩͶ潻սֻܲȡζķʽˡ
ƣǵǲǿ޵ȼȥͩһʩչ첽ͣζ
ʱʱʹɺ罣һļһ
޻˵λ޵ҲɵӣȻ񣬵ʧȥǣȻ£޷ӽĿꡣҲûǿֹͣȼգųֶͩ棬һһ
ͩҲû뵽ԼȻı޵סˡ
ԴһҺòסͩƻǳһͩɱ䣬ǼӪܵĿʼˡ
ΣȻȥӪֹۣҲûһƴ֮ͬԶûеʧܵʱ
ҵʲôʱΪʤأ
ִģĻսеʱʵǿһܹʤ
ĻҲشˣֱӶԱһ˫ʵҵʵǿԹߺսˡ

Ȼǲܵģ

ɳʿ޵ס֮ͩͩͱǣסˣʱ޷սֵı仯ˡ
ҲףƾͩʵǣסˣҪսʤҲǲܵ顣ǣɳʿܹסͩԱ
Ӫɳλ޵סͩȻʹͩ޷ӸɱͬʹӪ޵֮ϣλ
ھͷµ޵Ծ֮УԭͲռƵӪڸѩϼ˪
ӰɱסˣһжԵ÷ǳǿ
Ϻɪסˡ
ϺµľǻĿһֻ̣Ҫ޷Ŀ꣬Ծ޷ӳ
ܲңɪľ֮ڣĿǣΪϺͩĴ͸һ㣬ֱӴ͸ɪı塣
֮ڵĽ֮󣬾ͻᱻʴΪݣʹþ֮ڱ֮ǰǿ
ϺԴֻбʾǳΣɪԭʶﻹ᲻֪սѵĵط
ȱ֮ڵķЩһֱŬڿ޷ͻɪľ֮ڡ

Ҳѹֽ֮ˣ˸о
ϺõˣɪķǿĹȴһ㣬Ϻɪûа취ͬģɪҲϺûа취
ǸǱ߾ͷǳΣˡ
ɪ׼ʱ˸һǼûдǶԸʩչģڶԸĶϺ
ΪɪǳϺķɱҲκεϺڸϡ
ҪܣȴΪӰɱĴɱɪһõýǶȷǳ꣬У͵ӲӰɱĴɱ
һѵľءӰɱĴɱ治ӲӰɱսѣǳӰɱıڹ֮ϡ
ͬǣͨ깥ط
Ӱɱǿɱǿ
ҧҧջѡӰɱǿϮɱ
ȻʧȥɱҲǳ飬¶ΣҲԶɪһεļ

˼ϵķս䣬һ֮Уá
ʧȥ˷ս֮󣬸Ĵ͸Ӽˡ
ͩ˵ϮɱҲǷǳǱóʱŷΪʤ
ʵȻҲǿһжʮغϣҲܹǿмܣڷɱᣬʵȻһۿۣԷӰɱһЩɲӲˡ
û˷ɱøСģͬʱҲӽ
ʵ󽵵ĸԷӰɱͱˣֻм֮޻֮ˡ
֮ǰĸԷӰɱΧʱйأֳһֲ·Ĵ
æȥҿɶס˰òԮˡ
ֻм֮ˣӦʱ򣬻ҪӰɱûзսףҲ޷֮ǰһݵӦԷ˵ԻһڲĿֲɱ֡
Ҳ밡ûпҲɪסɪطǹĵģ쵰ġϺ
ɪطȻֻоһУмطǾõģ൱ˡ
Һ㻻ΣսͨѶƵ
ΪԻʱѹʵ̫ˣԸӰɱŶԣҲͻȥˡ


437  ʤ
˼Ҳã;ܾǸΣգȣķսױڼ֮УʵȻ
ȫʢʱҲ˵ܹսʤοˡ
ΪӪ죬ʵѾõ˹ϡͷǿߣֻǱȳ޵Ҫǿһ߶ѡͬģɪʵʵ̫ǿĹζ硣
ƾطһͷǿߵš
Ҳ˵ʵҪƾͷҪһֶŵֶΡ˵ɪļͷǳǳ
ЧǳЧ
һ۷߼εһһеɱͿԳΪ޵Ҫûеɱôλ޵۷硣۷ϲȱһͨɱڷҪʤࡣ
ǿͩûɱʵҲ轵һͩһϵɱĻڳеľͷһһܹͩսʤ
ɪʵȥôʵʵǿ˶ٵĸŶԵĻһܹô˵ʵ½һϣȻɪֶ֣Ҫ

ΪɱطͬһǿߵҪءȣصȻΪΪǿʵȻȥȻɱװߵȼɱܹӵʵȻԽǿطǿطܹΪʤ
ŭЦɪ㾹Ȼʱ񣿰ٽն
˰Ѷ̵ϵն£ⲻҿһٵͽаٽնˡ
ٽնն㣬µľǳһֱ츳һֱֶ
ٽնǽ츳ֱӵޡÿһֱܹڣ㣬Ҳһһʽ֮ĵط
㣬κζֶǳܣм൱
ʱ򻹸ҷڷŭˡ
ӰɱҲ׼˻ᣬ͵ѵʱˡ
вλͷǿߵͬʱУֻмһˣͬʱмλǿһǰһĹ
Ȩ֮󣬸ѡмӰɱıɱ̻
ΪȶԣӰɱĴɱвӰɱļ¼һɱһλûзɱľͷǿߡ
ɱ൱ǿ󣬱ǿսһ

ʮնףмܿ²ԹԹӰɱֲɱ
һĽǿײ֮һǰһɢ
Уһǿ⽫λɣ֮£ΧսļԶֶ֮Ψֲ
ǿ⽥˥¶˸λӰ
ȷ˵ֻӰӰɱһˡ
ܵشȻӰɱ󲿷ֹҲһҵı塣ⲻص㣬صǷİٽڵȫ̵Ӳ
ϾһͷǿߵĳУôӲԵģ
رǸ״̬ȥӲԡ
ȻشʧѾﵽ˾ߵıԵ˿̵ĸҲսȥˣȻ
ϢʱҲûУζݹ⣬ֳͬķӶݡ
ɲߺսսܣʧ˴ƣʧ֮еӴ棬Ҳ¡ˣƨɻսʲôԭһûֱ棬ƴҲÿ

ҪԲĵġ
Ϊ˵һܵľͷǿߣӰɱͷûȥ׷
ӪľͷǿǣȻڴӣǿͷϵûλ˵ڡ
ΪǱҲ൱ҲΪ˵ΪǵĽͰ
ܲɳܣڳλ֣ĸһδսʤ֮£һɳģ
˵ˣ˵ʲôʱ򣬾ͻֵ֮еĳһλˣʱ򿪿ڴǵʱֵԼʱܻǲܣ
ȼλȻΪͩūǻڣǲǿܣ÷Ƿػ
ԣûȥ׷ɱɪɱϺ
Ϻд󼱣սͨѶƵϽеĸҷֵһҿɵҲֻһսԱˡ
ʱÿһλǿߣһƾеĶ֣Ҳ찡
Ի·֮С
Ȼڱ״ܣҪϺæҲ
ʤƽѾʼӪбˡ

ͩʿ޵׷൱ǱԽ׷𣬾ԽԶսĵشѾԶս֮⣬ͩ˵·߲ΧսȦӣֱߺˡ
ʱѾԶս֮ңˣ
ͩѲԼ޵ȻΪ˱˶Ŀˡ
ε޵ͩ˵ʵ¡
Եе֮£ʿ
ƫƫһＫΪǷֿһξ룬ƬҲɿͩķӡΧޡ
ͩлʩչӡѹһһԭǺ£ܹѹһһ
˻Ҳͩһͩķӡ˳ȥڹΧ֮ڵļһͻû嵽ͩǰҪסͩȻһը
һΧκʵ̫ˣֻͩһһջӡһ𴦡
Ȼһֱţ֮
ͩûа취ò˴ǿĵƣһٻֻ˵ĲӬ
˵Ӭûôȥˣʱ̬ǵ֮أͩһɫ

ͩҲûȥǵķӦΣֱʩչʱѹʱյǿܡ
޵ֻһΰı֣֮ǾҲ޷˼ȥ
λͷǿߣܹͩǿֱѹ
˵ڶε޵ˡ
ǿƵѹʱѹȫλȫΧΧģֻҪͩʮ﷽Բ֮ڣڱѹķΧ֮ڡ
һŵ㣬ɾͲǷӡȵˡ
գͩһȰָűó˵ͨ
˱ʱ֮һ㶼Ǳѹ¯ռ֮У֮࣬棬ͩûеͷ֮ǰɲñѹеȵʹࡣ
ҲǼΪ飬ѹڱ֮УǿҲ޷£ֻܱ˱֮£ܵΪпĥ
㶨չ֣ͩջʱ
ͩоֵǣǿߣʱ֮һ־޵еĳȻоߣʱȴûָо
£ߣͩҲûбҪʹʱ

ͩϢһ£һηսʱս֮ǰûʲô̫ΨһǸƺˡ
ͩ˻ȥλʿʧˣʿ֪
Ӱ㾹ȻôˣҾȻˣôܣλǿͬе
Ҫ˵ɵɵľӰ
ӲӰһ֮͸ս췭ظɳٶʵ̫졣
۷޵޵ͷǿߡ
ÿһֳԶ֮ǰǿ
ľѾױıˡ
ӰһڳӪѾòԸӰٴȥֻᱻӰơ
ӣô׵£ظоҪܵͷֱ󣡡
Ӫ˾սȻ˱ʤľģȻˣûпǵɢݵ飿
֮ǰܣΪ˵㣬ûС㡣ڲͬˣӪҪӡ
һӣҪһ򾡿ɾ͸ˣ˭Ҳұ֤һûҸȼһ졣
նԲǾô׵ˡ

վս֮ʱӪʦǣûʦһֱɱ˵ս֮⣬ݼƻú󷨣ʱԲ֮ڵˣܽҲܳ
Ȼ󷴹ƻһ֣ƶõģһв׼ѾֻҪʦλõλϵγ󷨾Ϳˡ
ΪʦмƻҲ٣Ҳ˶ʱ䡣
һ󷨵ЧͩľתĴҲ˶٣ҲͬΪ˷ռ䣬׽ġ
ӪһڽʿǿһĻȻܶС
ҪϾɱɣе
٣֪ʣնݲ紵ԭ㲻һм˵Ķ֣ͱѹ·磬ֻмܵķϣʱһҲᱻܻ
ȻˣǾûʲô˵ˣƴһսɣսҲҪ汳ġڹƵϿȻпᣬѾǵ˻Ȫ··ˣҲ˲ˡ

һ˵Ƿθ֮´
ϺһӦΪλͬǿߵΧ֮£ѾΣˣӰҲ
·ѶϣϺѾȻȻسͩ
һУһʩչȴǲʲôðͩһߺˣһĳһǷӡ
ɪĿطҲˣӰɱͷ˻صͩǰſз
Ϻûг嵽ͩǰͩҲľ롣
ۿžҪѹãϺֻһ䣺Ҳİ
䡪ͷǿߵԱ漰Χ㡣
ǱըھӰɱͷλͷǿߵȫ֮£û˵ͩһë
ϺΪⳡսڶľͷǿߡ
սַչ־棬ʵ˫ӪʤѾ˳ʣµĲӪο͡
ͬʱҲСŶֹǽȥ汳
ֱͩԳ֮Ϊͷɱ֣ľͷǿߣһֻҲˡ
ʱͩվս֮ϣûж֣ҲӪͷ޴ѹͩλͷǿߵΪԼ͵ӴӰ
Ϻ䣬һǿߣѹֻ֣ܳĬԴ


438  ˵һ˥
µһ쿪ʼˡһƬ಻Ĵɽ죬ãĴϣҩڶ࣬һЩ޺֮ϻ
һ߲ʣֱƵĴɽΧγɽȡ
ȵĹȿһֻĸжϡĸ
һֱƹӪУƹӪС
Ӫ֮ʱĸȿڶǲģֻҪͬӪʿˡ
Ǵ˿̣ȵĸȿڶΧˣųĶ飬֮дżֹ죬ҶǳԾά
Զвٶݹ⳯߷
ЩݹǿСʥʿǰʿġǿ߽۷
ڴʱȿڣһǿѹϢѹʱѹڳеʿֻļλǿûܵӰ졣
ԭ涺ˣ벻겻㾹ȻҲˡһλʶλ֮˵վ˳к
ףԭǼ겻ĽɲС̵ֽ֪˶٣涺һƣ˵

ǺǣѾΪ޵齨˴̵ˡֵǴ̵˰ڣ²ŻЦ˵
ʲô̵Ȼڶ̶֮ͳɳǸȥ𣬾Ȼ֮齨ˣ涺ȵ˵ս֮ܵشչˣһֱڲų
벻һأԼƽƽĺѱ仯ô
ô£Ҽǵƺ׼ɣ涺ֵʵ˷ǰ
ǲųûðȵ˵漴Ϊ涺͵֪չصһĴ£ӪӪչһսرšһսսľλͷǿ߲սӪΣʱΰӰ˺ճһٻɱðλͷǿߣնɱ޻һٵ涨󷴹ʤȣѾӪƹ֮£ȣȻҪάȵڲ򡣡
ʲôȱˣһǱ˾λͷǿߵ£λӰʲôͷôǿսȻඥƮѪҪ

٣벻ɣλӰҲࡣ˷ܵ˵
ԭҲడѹˣȻΪŴ󳬼֮һԻǿ߱涺¶ԭ˵ɫǿ߸ɳ黹ֵġ
Ҳ֪ȵжôӴ汦ڶ࣬˼ȣȻ޵ط˽ȥԾ͹ͬһ̶ÿֻĲͬӪǿȣΪһͬʣûΪơµĳԱǵõϵĶǿߣڹжʱ޵ġ涺͵Ȼ֮еѾɾˣ֮⣬д;ӴڵģҲΪ˲ӪĵǱлȡԴҸȼ
ԭˡ㻹Ǻ˵˵λӰ˵ϸɡ˵Ⱦδۼɣź涺˵
٣˵λӰ¿൱ʶ갡ս֮ʱսһʱ䣬ǸʱѾǳ¶ɣɲޱȵ˵˵飬ս֮Ľҫ
˵ȥȵĴǿӰĶѣӰսǺεҫ顣

ʮ쾮ͩԴӵս֮󣬱һֱﲻ
һսӪȷʵʤˣûʲôԡֻʧҲСͷǿߣ˻ͩ⣬ļλܵشЩ˶Ƕʱ֮ڿԻָȫġ
˻ͩܵˣЩǿ߾֮ıӪǿҲʧ룬дľ֮¡
ʤ֮󣬴Ҳݲʰս͸ԻȥˣֱǧǰŶڵĹء
ͩڴѾǧˣط֮ѹƵ˥֮٣ڽ
˵һ˥Ϊ֮˥
һ˥Ѱ˵ѣ
Ϊ֮ͻΪ壬ǿȶѾ̶Ѹġ
ֻǿ츳֮Ųһ˥̸֮ɫ䡣
ͩȴһĴת֮񹦣ԣͩѰҪǿöࡣ
չؿްǧ꣬ͩѾ˵תĵڶأ
˵һ˥٣ͩ̾͸о޾ʹ࣬ԭѾΪ֮֮壬һ¶Ѫ֮ıʣӹࡢѪܵë浽⿪ʼ࣬ԭʼ˥߱١
֢״һһء

ͩҲһһ·һ޽һ㣬ֻܴԭأȴ١
ֱ仯޷ȣҲȡ
ͩ˥ߵı仯֮УоĺƵ
٣Ҳ췣
ɵ汾Դ־ۣССɣȻƽֱǴ治
已̥Ȼǵֲ˥ٵĿ¡
һʿ岻ǿּ֧͵䡣
ͩתתڶصľ磬Ҳǵˡǿ壬ܹ֧ͩŵøá
֮˥ֳ׶Ρ
һ׶Σȫ˥ܣڶ⣬ǵ˥ܡ
һ׶εĹ̲죬ܶɻָ֮󣬵ֵƬ̾ͻĨ޻ָĿܣһ׶Ρ
Ҫɹһ׶Σͱ뱣֤˥ߵͬʱҪ֤֮еȫĨɱ
α֤Ҫ˼ˡһ취ǾԽǿԽߣԽǿԽǿԽпֵܵһ׶Ρ
ڶ׶Σǻε˥ܣһ׶ΣԭǿҲһ׶γñϻҪС
һ׶Σԭڶɹһ׶֮ʣµԸӿٶţһŴǾˡ

һ׶ΣǶɽ֮˷ʱˡ˵һ˥տʼĵһ׶Σ˥ǿʱ򣬶һ׶βתԣֻܱسܡӵڶ׶οʼ˥ٵѾƽȲʱ˥ҲתΪؼӿһ̣ûĥ֮ǰһ׶Ρ
μӿأҪ˵һ˥ıˡ
˵һ˥ıʲô췣𣿲ǵģ˵һ˥ıʣʵ쳬֮壡
Ϊ֮壿ֳ֮֮֮Ϊ֮壬Ƶ壡
ָľںϵ
޴ҪΪԪ֮ѼԪຣͱղںһִ
֮һɣλʿܹѼԪ
ȻĿǰ˵ͩеĴǲߣܹɾʹ֮壿
ԣ˵һ˥ɹ֮ɣӵеĴ֮壬ֻ벽֮塣
ҪɾͰ벽֮壬͵ýĵںϽ֮С
Ҫٶɹڶ׶εǰҵϵ
׶ΣʵѾǽˣһֻԵȫ˥֮ܵУԵȫʵʹػָȫ

ͺñȽһͨȻעͨͱ˿Էˡ
ͩڵһ׶֮Уһ׶ΣֻܿǿӲӲͬʱҪͲ˷ڵ
Ҫǿ΢һ㣬ͩ˵ѡ
תͩûж΢ǲŽˡ
˵һ˥ĵһ׶ΣҲҪһʱĵȴ
֮󣬾֧顣
ʱ򿴵ͩκ˶һӵ°ͣ۾һһ£ڶͷϣҲͬԭλˡһһģòҡ
ݵ÷·һƤǣСһ£˭ͩڵӣҲϲǴߺսĴǿߣӰ硣ҲϲĶţ޺ͩ
ͩ˿̸û˼ȥı仯ȫĵͶ˥ٵĶǶµȥˡ
£㹻ͩ˵֮أɵ˥֮У㹻ҪɵģеǱҪģеǿڸ໯֮۳һġ

ͩ˥֮еĵʮȥˣ˥ٷҲƽһ׶οҪȥˡͩ˿Ѿãͬһֻڵϣһָͩţû
˥Ҳʱ򣬽˵ڶ׶Ρ
ͩĻʼĻ˫ṹֽṹʼĻǾʹҲԻٽ׶ˡ
һ׶Σȥ˥ʼʵϣȴΣգΪᵼһϵеӦ൱Ѹֿ¡
˥ٵתҲ˵ͩڻĽֹ̲ͬʱͩҪڻȫ֮ǰ벽ںϡ
ҪĴ֮һ㣬ĴںϣֻҪһƤëںϣΪĴ֮ˡ
һصҪҲܼ򵥣Ҫɽ˴ƤëһƤëҲûǹϲ㣬ˣ
ûƤëҲ˥ֱ

ΪƤëֽʱı׼˵ָȫ˿ռ䷨ʱ䷨ϼ£ʸΪƤë
ͩ׼û׼ððȻؾȥɽ٣
ͩڵȴȴȫһ̡
ΪʲôΪȫѱǿ϶ģȫһ̣ɽ֮˾ͻῪʼ˵һ㣬һ̿ʼڽеͻȫʧ
˵һ˥һʱڣͩ汾Դ϶ƽʱһ򱶡
Ҳ˵ͩʱٶƽʱһϡ
ܺýͣΪ˥汾Դֱӷɣͩ汾ԴĽӴҲԽ
Ҳ˵ͩ˥ٿʼһ̵ڣҲʮʱˣʮ䣬ͩٶ൱ǰʮʱ䡣
Ȼʮʱ䣬ͩȫ̶רĲΪͩҪ۱Ͳʣԣʮʱ䲻ȫϣֻܴۡʮĲʱѡ
ôʱ䣬ͩԼɵԭƣʹͩĿռ䷨ȫ򣬲ҼСɡ


439  
ҳᣬͩ͸ƽأʼ漰ʱ䷨
硢סڰĴҲ֮ͩС
ͩо״̬֮²򣬱Ȳ񱮻ҪѸ٣
˿û֮ǰʱųС
Ҫ֪һȫ˿ռ䷨֮󣬾ͻᱻʱ䷨ԼĴų⡣
ҲΪʲôôԭڣǲŬ淨ȻӦʹòĽܵš
ҳ֮ǲٶԶԶȲϰʱڣ˲ٶִؼ
ӣٶȼһҲˡ
ͩڵһڴ˥֮УûзųУּ֤ɵٶȺͰʱڣһѣҪõöࡣ
ͩڿռ䷨ĸԼ͸ĸһɲǼ䣬ʣٻţҽں֮С
ͩǳ˳һУһؿҪǶԴĸ̶ȣѣΪ˿ͩѾȫڱıԵƶԷǳ˳

̵ͩʱͩһλȫµ֮ͩǰȫ̺ͬһ˿ζʿڵͩͿԴֱͩͩĿռ䷨һ̣ͩԺͷ
ͩʼ»˵һ˥ĵ׶ΣҲһ׶Σһ׶Σ汾Դ֮壬޸ͩͬʱֵǿԵģǳʹ࣬ʹֱӷӦ֮ͩУʿ־ﲻ׼ôͻᱻʹûӺ
һ׶Σ
֮ںϣʵͺʿԽʱһɾ塣һ̣汾Դ֮Ҳᵹ
ڣǸʱɾͲ壬ꡢȫں
ʹԣ
ͩһѾ˳ķ룬·Ѫ֮
ȻѪ֮ںϴ֮һ
ǽ
ǽʽĳɳ仯
ǵʽĿԽ

ͩȻѪ֮Դ֮ȴȫںϡ
ȫͬӸ߼
ͬǷںϣǱȴǷ֮Ϊ
ͩԱΪ֮Ϊ
ҪСεĵߵ
ǰȻİΧ֮£汾Դ֮У޷ѣǻôǿҲŻ
ҪѼԪͱߵΣΪ汾Դ
ͩʹͲסȻ󺰳
ͩȻҲʹôУֱǰδ֮¡Ӳ淴Ӧˣеʹ྿жô£ûԶҲ޷ָо
ʹ֮£һԣǾ·һ
ֻȫѵ״̬£ͲҼֹȥɹ
ͩɱĺУһֱ˾꣡ͩĺӺ˻ƣֱУֱ仯ͩ˵ò˵һҲûġ
ʹྭ꣬ͩҲӦͩпպ˼롣ʹ඼ˣԺʲôʹµģ

ͩѾ⼸֮Уָȫ̶̾ʱ䣬ͩΪ˻ʹ࣬ҲŬطԼȥȻʱʱرҵʹϣȴ൱Ѹ١
ͩԭѾӽСɵĿռ䷨⼸϶ĸ֮УɹشﵽСɣɾ
ͩ񻹴˥֮УǶԿռ䷨ȴѾԽҪǵȵ˥ٹȥʱ򣬿ͩľֱСԲľɣ
ռ䷨ʱ䷨ϼǺͻͬǵѣԻΪСɡɡСԲԲԲΣ
ʵεĹ̡֮⣬Ƕһϼ
һ˵Ա̶ԽߣܵһϼųҲԽ
ԣǶϼȫյĴڣǺʵƽеġ
е֮󣬲ðȻȥķ򣬶ǳϼһ׶εųǳʱȥһϼ
ڳɹ֮ͬʱ
ڳ֮ʱʵȶǿҪܶࡣ
еѡ֮ȥоһϼ
·ʽΪԲƺʵϣȷʵȶҪǿܶ࣬Ҳӽ۵Ĵڡ
߶ͳһسΪλ

˵һ˥һʵ˵ǶɹˣͩĸҲȷʵôܡ˥Ȼ˸оĽѡ
ͩûж˥ʱ򣬶˥̫⣬ΪĻۣǰ漸ٲ⡣
ǵܹ֮˥֮ͩһҲԸɽٵ
һη־ôᶨҲƵ뷨
ڴѹߵһַʽͩҲһ㣬˴ζɽ֮Ҫܳһʱƽ飬η
ָͩȫ֮ڣһ֮Ǵͩȫϣ˵һ˥ͩɹضɹ˵һ˥֮١
˥ٽһɲǣԴ٣࣬˽ʱ
ʿʱԣʱľԵøͳһˡ
ػŶʮ쾮ڵͩһūһĻԼͬӿ˷ܵɫ
Ϊū˵ϲŭ־ǵϲŭ֡
֮࣬ʹ֮ͩʱʵı仯ԵһԪȼƷʸˡ
λ֮ԱλǿѹԵͳƣΪλϼϼڻӵоԵͳελ

ͩڵȫһ飬ڶ֮еĺ
ʱʱԵģһ㣬ûʱޣʱ䡣
ֻͩüת֮תֻ15ҡɢҲڼˡ
ûתʱ򣬾ҪԼչƶתλתΪλ
ӣԼҲܹתֻҪʱ䲻һѡ
ͩʱѱڡ
䱾Ҳ֮ʱڣͩûа취ʱˡ
⵹ûʲôϵͩڽ֮ʵǰǿöˣڷճ̶ȴﵽ˴ɵĵز֮󣬾ͳΪ
֮Ҳв㵵εˡ
ͩ˿̻صȺ̾ͻΪȺм֧֮һǰӴȺܺȨ
Ϊ׵ϼҲʽΪ֮Уλڽǰ˵塣ܸ棬׳ȫ⡣
ͩԶȨĸ
ҪһûгİҪѼ۵ġ

ս⵽̷֪ͩͨϲսʿ磬ɹЭߺսǿߣսʿ羡תҪս
ͩӵ֪֮ͨһơ
ɴлһū޵쾮ÿΪԼṩһЩ꾧Һ
ңͩȵ֮ҲмǿȨ棬ս쾮һ꾧Һÿ͵ͩС
ԣͩΪ˱棬òһЩ֡
ūҳϣͩǳĵذｻȥƹܡ
ͩʱȻˣǿռ෨ȴǷǳ򵥵Ķͩһūͣ뿪˶ʮ쾮ڡ
ߺսӪսλڶƫ߶ҵķλ
ٰǧǰһսߺսӪĴơ
Դ󵺷ָһһսЭ˫ӪһĹ˭
֮ͩսϵͳʾͩ뿪սعء
һ㿴ЭʥģǲΥһЭԼʽ

һ壬һҲûУôҲв˶á
ͩսϵͳټλͷ
᳡֮УλͷҲмǧûмͩˣһֱںͩγؾͰǽкҪ
Ӱ˻ͬк
λʶˣ˶ɡͩذ˵
֪ӰУк̣˵
ڳļλͷͩǷĵģһս֣ͩӪѾܣҲֲռˡ
ĳչذǧ꣬Ѿͻƣ̻ػأ½֮Ҳûлصˡͩ
ʲô
ͻˣ

λͷǿߣͬʱɫ䣬ɫһؾȵ
ϲ֣ݼӰ£侲λͷ񣬹زΰݵǶ𾴣ҲǶǱ׷Ŀ¾

ⲻȫǶͩĹǶͩĹ
µһھͷǣȻζӳ£Ǿֻа벽֮ңѣ벽Ҳ֪ʱܿȥ죬꣬ٻԺȥˡ
һλԳһļļѾԹееУ֮УռһƬϵ֮ռһеء
ʸˣȡλλ׸ĵͼ֮еĵͼͥʸҲûС
ڳ֮УҲͬӵԺյĵλ
ͩǳȺԭǳ֮ˣݾ͸Ժա
ңǶ֪ĸʸ¡
£һ漰һһЩҪߣʸ룬ҫ
ͩһͨƽߵһҲǼΪ׵ġ
λˡͩҲûΪҲˣԭ޼սѣ˿Ҳһַĵ𾴺;η
ͩߺλͷ㿴ңҿ㣬һε֪̾Ǻʱ׷ֵĲ


440  
ϧԶ֪ͩĽжôر̬Ϊ֮ͩһαǣʱѹͩ˸ۻ롣
ȻҲ˵ͩ˾һֱ޼ǲܵġʵϣͩս֮ĵ˱չʮ£ĸء
Ҳûа취飬ͩҪͱȥƴȥƴȻսǱߵ鱨֯Ҳǳصģͩİȫһֱھ޴⣬Ҳ˳ĵһҪԭ
һ֮£ֻҪһʿδܻ֮ΣԣͩЩһֱǳ˳۾˵ĳġ
֪֪ͩ
ԣڳɾ֮ͩعߺŻأʱڲٳս֮УΪҪʱ
ͬʱոնɹ˥ٵһ߷ڡ
ͩĵڶ˥ǴԼ֮ʱ˵Ҳ˵Ҳ̡
Ҫɹ˵ڶ˥ͩڵľ绹ԶԶﲻߡ
˵һ˥żǳ޵ûļҪɹ˵һ˥붼룬Ϊ˥ǰ˥ĿĵȥΪ޹أʵϣȥˡ
ûۺΪΪֺɽٵĵ

ͬ˵ڶ˥Ҳ⣬Ҫﵽɹ˵ڶ˥żܼ򵥣Ǿ۷塣
Ϊɹ˵ڶ˥֮󣬶ɽ֮˵Ϊ;ͻʾ磬˥֮ٶɹ֮ͳΪһۣ
ɵĿֲֻ֮Ҫ̤˥֮ٵĽ֮ٶȾͻᱻһµĳ̶ȡ̶ʮʱ䣬ҪһλͨΪĸ߶ȡ
ֱ֮Ϊ̫ɣ֮еۼ
ĽٶȴﲻҪ󣬺Ȼ˥֮УҲΪʲôɵ֮ΪԵʣ̫̬ˡ
е·ϣڼйȫѹʮ֮ڣһ̣㻹ܣǲܴ꣬Ǿֻб˥
ˮۣˡûԣûȨֻܿԼǰ·жôѣҲֻԼҧ֡
ܹŶɹ˥ʿǶԵţÿһ޿޵ǿߣ˥˹ʲôܹѵõǣ
Ϊ̬ʹöɹ˥ߣֻҪлԵܹ˳سɳԪĳ̶ȡ

ͩڵľ粻ףڣ۷壬һβСľ롣
ͩҪ֮һǱĽͬҪͩȥĺ͵ȴ
ʵĲ֮ǰᵽ߿ѡֵ·չպ֮;
Ȼɵ;ȫһѡȨɵ֮ȴⷽȫ޷
ΪɽҪɵҪӵиǿ͸ľ磬ֻѡһַﵽ߾֮ȥӦ˥֮٣ڶ˥֮Ϳʼʾ
ͩ˵ſĽײ㣬ΪĽûɣҪһʱϤڵľԼӵеǿ
ľȫһһ־ƿصĸоͩʶΧ֮ڣӵжԿռľƿظо
ͻ֮ǰܹͩһ֮ͬǿߣӦ硣
ͻ֮󣬱˵λͷǿߣһλǰҲֵһᡣ
ǿĸоͩǰδеᣬѹᱻΪˡ
ƿؿռĸоߵ֡
ͩһ𣬳Ϊھ壡
ʱܹͩͨᲢˡ

ӱ˵ɹ˵һ˥ͩ۵ơ
ռ˲ƱΪսĵһͨǶ˵һֱܣ
ͩһ֮䣬ԭȵͻȻߺŻ֮ǰˡ
ͩͻȻ֣ҲߺŻؼϵͳע⡣
ΪͩսûΪ˱Χ
Ϊ˱ػǷ֤
ܿ죬ͩս¾Զ˻Ӧ֤Ȼͨ
ӭؼңսʿصԶ˵
ϣÿһصصͬӪʿΪõһӦȻ򵥣ȴһֲһܰС
ͩĹȻҲλߺŻص
ΪߺŻصܸˣȻӵͩϢ
̤ͩߺŻص˲䣬͵õϢ
ߺţ֪ͨӰҵİ칫ҡҪһλͻƵͬλɲһߺս֮Ĵһ֮Ťתս֣һٵ춨ưߺսӢ
Ҳ֪ﲻǳպɾȻԼ벻һô졣

ͩսºܿ˻Ե֪ͨϲӰ˾Ӱİ칫һˡ
ϾȥͩӦһתص˾ٰ칫ȥ
һ·ϣͩҲ˲ĻعԱǶһ𾴳ݵĿ⿴ͩ
ͩõʱȨǳ˳˻ص˾칫ҡ
һȵӴԶߺԵ𣺡Ӱ˾湧򡣡
̤ͩ˴ţԶرˡ
Ϳλվ˫ֱȭصѣٳ߸ͷһ
˲ˣǺѧĩҪǰָ㡣ͩȻʮǫ˵
ְڣԹȻѾͲߺս֮϶Ҳ㻹Ҫıչڵľչ֮ǰҪϸ˵һսϸɡ
ϴͩһӡ
ս˵һԴ޵ΪĻ֣ԲŻγϰٸս棬ߺսȡþ޴ĳɹѾҪ˶þܹ׳ưƬƬӴԺҲΪӪԴɼغءҲһĽһҪл

ͩӦ˵ĺģʵڵĵһԶżһƺһսҲս֮УΨһһ򡣡
ս֮Ͻʸһս룬ڱչؽ֮ʱұ
ףȻսΪʲôҪƣѵҪսľ棿ֵͩʵ
Ǻǣ㲻Ҳ֣Ҫ֪ڳΪ֮һպлӴȺ£ǸʱҪиĸֺ۹⡣ҡͷЦͩ͵㲻ܰ۹һߺս۹ŵ֮ǺսĿʲô
ͩһ£ޣʶ̬ͻ˵Щԭ֮һ˵أЩ
棡ͩ϶ػش
ǳãش÷ǳȷֳ޵

֮ĹϵȲͳһǻΪУ
ԣͻĸԭ֮
һҪѶԷزɣҲʵ
սΪᵺΪ嶨˹ͬĹ֮Уγ˰սĸ֮֡⣬ĿĶǴҪġһսӽӽĺ棬ӪǿСƬż֮ڵ޴ֻż൱Σգ徭̽ѰͿչٷ֮ɾˣõ棬Ⱥʵˡ˵
ͩΪ⣬ſôһ㣬˴棬Ҫǿȫ֪жô춯ص棿
󳬼һξֲսҲһɣ
̫ˣҲȫΪ˶棬˸µγ֮ЭͬӦߴ󳬼ѹΪˣ岻òԱ˴Э˵
ʲô˵սʵǺĲֻͩǰһǳ˵

ʲôѵҪèˣ
ȺĵжȺͩرʹ壬ڲֲ߻һĽѵ˳ĻķչһʱҲ˵
ͩȻ֣սȻֲµһ˶ĿľְˣΪ澹Ȼ
ԭжԵ徹Ȼʼͱ˴˵Ĺϵٶȥˡ
ͩĹܵ˼ĳ
ͩѰˣ־Ҳͬ죬ܿͻָ˹
еˡͩܿͻָ˹˵
ʲôˣ˵ʵ
Ȼ֮һսҪǿżӪֳߵʤ֮䣬û˭Ըһʶ̬⣬Զżôһ浰⡣ͩһ߷һ˵Ҳ磬νһսǶĳƺˣʵһصı֮أزɣ˫Ϊһ᪣Ǹʱ䣬෢żлø档

ܺãӿɽҲ˵
˵û֮ҪĲƴѰż֮еĸֱءִǰ֮£ᱦĵˣһ֮£ܲͻǱͻΪȻͻҲҪ飬ܹɱ;ܴɱˡ
ͩԴ˲⣬ԭ֮ͩе顣
ˣ˵Ҳ˵ˣѾ׼¾ңԭľѾڵݵλҪʱͲˡ˵
ͩվǵˣ¾ȸˣлǰָԽ򡣡˵ʵͩҲλڵĵԶżĶ
ܹʵľ޴棬϶еɱԱģеǣ϶⼶ϵɱҲ˵
ֻż֮дԶԶĿƼ֮Ĵڡ
ͩһ˼ţһڻعԱָ֮£˻طΪԼ׼¾֮С
ǰľңңԵøӸ߹ͬʱָʩõģҪķǳͬʱо޴ľţҲ൱档


441  Ϥ
֮ͩı仯ҪϤĵطҲԽԽࡣ˵ڶݻ֮ͩڶһٱֱﵽһǧٹ꣬ҿʼСǧݻ
ȻСǧݻҪǳӴڶ֮еûɱ֮ǰǲʽʼġ
һСǧݻϣͩҲʧȥ˶֮ڿԴķ㡣
ȻʧҲеãͩʧȥһԴͬҲһСǧ硣
СǧͩĽ룬ͬʱҲԽĻУĻͩ൱һأҲʧΪһѵĲ·
ͺñһ㣬ֻСǧĴγȫһ
Сǧأߵֲͬ
ڶı仯⣬ͩҪĽӵеռط첽Ԫռܣкܴռ䣬ͩڵľȫԶطиȵƺͼǿ
ͩĵһֹǣǱѾϺľֻͩԴһƵĿռ乥ͬʱƳҲĿռ䡣

ڣӡҲҪβܷͩݺʵ
ͩڿķ;磬ȴûӦʵⶼҪһʱ
ͩʱܽȣûжʱȥ˷ѣϢû⴫ֻϲõ˻㱨Ⱥ֮УÿһλɢᱻȺ¼ڰҽӵһȨ
֮УСŶӵдӷյȨЩŴ󲿷ֶɢ
µǶԼʽչ׳
˵ͩϼ壬ԼҺҡ
糬µļ徺ң֮Բҵöࡣ
ͩȻսϲͲ֪ͩĵϸϲ֪ͩ˿ͽͩҲ㹻ӡ
ͨ䣬ͩ˲ע;巽ʹͩ·
ҲͩһЩȺ׵ΪչأÿһλͻƵȺǷһеɱΪȺ
ΪĴֱʣĸ߼ҪʵʩҲѣٷĸֶûа취ռĸ

Щ˵Ǳɱǳϡ٣еͲɱΨһɱԴͨ׻ãͨս֮ϻõġ
еڿƼϷǳɱȴǷǳȱ
ԭȻΪŴ󳬼ļǳϸҪ֮𣬻Զ֮һżأõ˴ļϣҲܷչ
Ϊɱ켼֮е߿ƼܣÿһԼõɱϣԼĸ۵ĶսƼ
˵߿Ƽ
Ŵ󳬼ͬемЩ߼ִеƼӿƼƼƼ涼Ŷ֮ȴȱʿսĶƼ
µµʿʹõĴ߱
ͳһõ鱦ɱ鱦ɱ켼߼ƾƵǵõһЩ켼ݵõļֵһᡣ
磬ɱĽֻС֣ɱڸı߾ս֮ϡ
֮оŴ󳬼ı߾սսǳ겻ͣ

ЩսõɱĹӦ
֮еʦرܹɱʦλ֮Ը߹ҲΪֻ֮յ߼
ǵ͵ȼɱҲսԴı˵ߵȼɱǸǸ
ееܹһϵɱΪ֮Գͬˡ
ͩʦȻڱչ֮УķʶǹעͩϢ֪ͩ˳ضɹ˵һ˥Ϊ֮ҲǷǳˡ
ͩ磬ռ֮Уͩص֪ʶͬʱҲͩɨɨä֪ͩĲͬ
ͩڱչϤ仯ûбأԷֳһЩʶռ֮Уʦѧϰ
ͩʦһαչΪ˳ʾ磬Ϊ۷һͣ˲̵ʱ䣬㹻ľʸ̵ͩз
ͩҲӽ֪˸Ĺϲܣ˵ʼĴھж١
ͩһֱںһ㣬һΣͩڽڿν֮󣬺ʵʦĴھжٰ

Ǻǣ⣬ǰ˰ɣǺεǣῴͩǵ㻨ӣ
ʦӢͩҲû˼ԭһ档
ڹ֮Ǵһʱ䣬ڹ֮ǵʵ˽⣬ȻҲ൱𺳡
֮ǣ񼶱ĴڣɼͬӴ˵ǧ֮ڣΪĳЩݼ
ԣʮֺ棬֮Уչô꣬ʱķչΡ
ڵʣﵽ˶ʮңھŴ󳬼֮УȻ࣬Ҳǰ塣شҲûбҪͩΪͩ㹻֪Щˡ
һд·Ⱥٿ֮ʱμӣǸʱ٣һĿȻ
ҲడͩŹֵ˵
ǺǣΪأҪ֪רС涼ǾԪķչڵķٺͲʢʵϼԪ֮СޣȲ޵ĳ֮ԣԴȪ޿˵ˣŷչ˶ãԪʮ֮һݱ̶ûеʱ仹úܡȻչĳĩԶԶﲻĶʢʱڡܹʱӵжʮҵѾǳˡЦݵ˵

ԭˡͩҲλ֮ߵԭˣһϡ٣Ҫ˵ʮˣѾ൱ֲˡҪ֪֮ڶм֮УֻһѡҲᳬλ
ߵ壬ϡٵöˣΪֹ߼ٲΪλĵλֽߵĴڣЩ߼֮ǿľżԲᳬһ١
ԪûгһλԪΪʲôܹλоŴ󳬼֮һӵдĸ߼
ΪĿֲʵ
ʮʣһмͿԱ⼸ʮ߼ˡ
ֽ㲻٣ҪǺʵȣϡ١
㹻ܱ㹻λĺ
ڸ߼˵һۣǵУǵһС
ڳ˵ֻΪԪĺ

ʵԪĲִ˵ǾһżȻԣһ취Ǿ㹻ۣܹһλԪ
ıݶһ
ͩһٶʮһı
Ҳ˵һԪ֮УҪٶһԪҲҪһٶʮۼǿ߲ſԡ
ֱۣ֮ͩΪ֪ͩڹ֮еۣҲٶѡ
ͩһ䣺ڵмλأ֪ľֻλѡ
֪ǻܣһʸ֪ҵʦ֪˵ʦҲͲ֪ˡֱ׵ػش
ûеõ𰸣ֻͩ÷
⵹Ҳǣͩûдﵽ֮ǰҲûʸ֪ľһ
Ϊڷ沿˴Ҳʮҡ
Ǳָ֪֣㲻ʲôܣѾ㹻ˡ
ɴ˿ԿԷӣԷĴ˵ıҲﵽ˼£ʹǿڲ֮ɷչ

ΪֻΪӦ㹻ǿš
཮֮ƽҲΪϲʵʩսԱµġ
ʵϣ֮ĶƵֻǹȲѡ
ԵسٻķչٶȣͬʱҲΪˣ֮ҲìܴԴԣΪ棬òڸ󳬼¡
Ԫ֮۾ߴڵʱ֮еĸߵҲδؾڸ󳬼
ЩߵܹʱڣչΪߵҲ֤ЩĲǱ
ϧǲŽᣬҲ޷Ž֮еĶ٣ÿ֮жʮߵǣͷЩ齨Ŀģȴǵĵж棬ͬʱҲΪڳǰԱĵ
ʹǵķչٶȱ
ϧЩûһܹƣ˵ܹƣҲ޷ִֹƵķչ
ִƺ˵ûгӰС

˼꣬ͩҲϤͬʱʮʱҲ˽ΪͩһӵеĶɱ
ʱձڽΪɱ֮õһʵķԾ
Ķɱ֮Уɱӵ֮⣬ûĸܹвͩİȫ
ͩڿԹʹ˵Ŀӡ
Ϊͩ㹻Ա
ΪԱ
˵ܹͩۼĴڣס
ȻⲻͩıʵŶɱǿ
رǵɱǶɱʱ
֮еɱֻ࣬ļѣΪ֮ɱǸߵܽӴıҲҽӴּıΪɱ
ɱսԴôϵɱսԴ֮еսԴҪԲԶ
ĴڣѾɵʹɱˣһܹӳɱôһҲӵ۷ǿս


442  һŻ
ͩıûб仯ȻӰ
չ⼸꣬ͩϤ֮⣬ҲһߵȴĽһ߶Կռ䷨պ˽
Ϊʵսһ֮飬ֱӵı־ĸϡŹֵķš
⼸꣬ϤΨһ;ǿգʵǽתΪʵʵս
첽ԪռܣԭǿռֻͩҪڵķȥ͵ȼȻͻ
طĳ̶֮첽ĲӾϸҲƮ졣
οռܵķԭҲͬ˺ܶ࣬ͩƣӦÿɵ¾֮µԶ
µԶ̹طͩûн䴴ҪҲҪС
꣬ͩڴ֮ǰҲ˲ٲطЩطͩûнΪ̫ˡ
ԣͩҪôҪȻҪһԼطرطǲ
ͩչؾ£ȴȻҲС
֮£ֻͩóء

ν˼ͩа룬ֵֻͬѹʱŻԼֳ嶯ǹɣ
ͩ߳˱İ칫ȥ
ͩȻߺŻûκְҲ¡
Ȩȴ൱ظߣڻ֮ڵκεط˽˵ط⡣
ͩո߽칫¥Ķ¥˻ߺŵӭĵӰˡ
˿ڣͩͷʵŲûͣ
˾ڰ칫ҪΪͨһߺŻش
ллͨһǡͩͬ
ͩߵİ칫ǰ칫ҵĴԶ
Ӱɡ洫˳
̤ͩ˰칫ң칫ҵĵԶر
Ӱ칫ǰվߵ͵ɳǰ˵ɣġ
лͩܿӦڵݡ
ѾǸߺŻصӰˣȺ½
Ϥ;ٶȷǳؿѡ͵
⻹Ҫлָ㡣ͩϤ˾֮ٿܹΪΡ

ߺսս˾Ȼһλ׵ĸ߽Ⱥʵɴ˿ɼһˡ
ңǿˡһҪһ䣬һսȻϵ̫ңǰƴɱԸ˷ʤǺȻ˵ǰϣìȻڣⲻͽ͵ġҪԼȥᣬսǻΣյġʵΪ;磬뿪սȵԺʵ;ǿˣȥҲһֱţʱãαôƴأǰĽǶȰ˵һ֮ͩͩʵЩһЩ֮еʱǼġ
ͩգ˵ͷ˵л㣬ֻвòƴɡ
ҲǰΣȻԷһУҲ
ðɣЩӣһǰһսʷɴ㵽ʱʹȥǡͷ˵
ǣסͩӦ
޵Ŀǿռ䷨򣿱ͬҲԿռ䷨ɵ۵һΣת˻
ǰָ㡣ͩǱ˵۵ʵָԽ֮⡣

Ȼǿռ䷨򣬿ʵϣͬķÿһ֮󣬶䲻ͬļá
ÿ򶼲ͬɽ֮ʯԹ񣬶˵ļ͸򣬶ԼĵҲرЩΪԼߵĴڽûࡣ

һºͩһҴ佢ϣһŻسȥ
ͩڴϣ죬ϸζĵԼĵһһԱȡ
˽Ҫѭ˵Ĺ켣ּӡ֤ĵ
Ȼͩ磬һͳΪ˵ͩھԵƵλһĳ͸ԶԶҲĻֻۣҪյȫգ侫ȥɡͬкôġ
ĳռУɴڵĿĵء
ʵĴֱͩķ֪ͨӰ֣ǵˡ
ͩ佢ʱҲھȣ벻һ߸ϵȻһɴĴȻ͵ʷͬСɡ
ͩ룬ϷɴʸҲûС
ʵϣȷʵˣҷɴĴǻܣཻõҲϷɴ벽ҷɴǷڶ֪

ͩ߳ԼĴգֱкڵˣСܳէһսҪ̵֡
ȥˣȻ֪ˣҲ㣬Ҳܸ㡣ֱҡͷЦ
ͩûʣһսı̶ܳȲ͡
ҿԸһʵһսһ˶Ŀõģһڵĵطֻ֮ˣûڡֱ˵һ֪ͩܡ
ܣҲûи֪ͩ
ֱͩڲ֪ԭһս
˷ɴͨռţͩһŻء
յһŻأ̾Իظ֤ͨӭĵ
ͩһ£԰ԼӦӰŶ԰
һųȣ˾ٴҪûиͩ˼ʱ䣬ߴٵ
ָͩʾһųȡ
ȣȻʵͩվڴھжԶ
̤ͩ˳ȣ̷˱仯ԭⳤȵĵǴʹҴٶȼ죬ͩվ棬Ĺԣεվԭأ䴫ʹеٶȣȻﵽʮյĿֲٶȡ

ܹͩоתʱķԼǳеģͩվ棬ȥֱǰʵϣԲ״صȥ
һӲͩڵ˳յ㡣
ͩ㣬˿̿Ѿصײ֪ˡ
̤ͩ˳ȵĴʹһĻش
ߺŻصĴҪСһЩ
ͬԵ÷ǳæµҪǣȫǴ֮Угǿߡ
һλǿ߳ͩӭ˹˵ãԳƺΪͨǷ˾ٵǰӭģɣ˾ٴҪ㡣
Ŷõģлͨǰͷǰ·ͩ˵
ضҲְڡͨ˼֣Ͼ˭ϲǫһĺ󱲡
ͩĵҲ˴֮һЩ˵ע⡣
ףİСӣȥƺ½ɣ˿ͩΪֵ˵
㶼֪֪
ˣҪˣǲģǲ½Ǻ£Լ֮¾ˡ

ͩͨĴ֮£һŻص˾ٰ칫ҡ
ȥɣ˾档ͨͩ͵ſڣת뿪ˡ
Զ
棬±ͩͩ˵
ɣ±һ洫˳
ͩ˽ȥԶرա
һλ۵ߣϵλϣϴЦشͩ
ɲʲô±ˣСӣߺսɵòϷǳ⡣߿˵
ǰˡͩϸشһߣоޱȣλԨ·ͨˣ¶˿̻֮ʵƽ֮͸Ųƽͩһǳ
ţĽٶһԪǰ޹ˣСһõӣϻ쵰õһͽﲻݵ˵
ͩˣȻȻλȻͨǿô򵥣֪ܹͩԼʦƽƽֻλ۷ۡ
λǿߣ۷ۣϳ巽ۡԶȺ
ǰǣ֮ͩдмʵ

Ϸű߰Ȼػص
ͩˣϽΰݵͩݼۡ
ͩҲˣΪʲôݣ֪ʵݣôһͱҴˡԭƹһŻص˾٣Ȼ巽֮һıۣѹˡ
֮УûܿλۣͩǽͨʦĹϵġ
ˣɣضˡۿڵ
ͩվɫƽվԭء
ÿһˣϷ򶼻ԽӼΪ⡣˵
ͩ⻰˼۵˼ֱףڸͩΪ۵ͽݳȻԵʣԲý
ʵϣͩҲûΪԼ۵ͽΪġҲûаԽ֮
Ȼ˵ݸͩٵıҲͩʡ಻Ҫ鷳Ⱥڲìܷ
ͬģҲȷʵѹСͩԴϵĹ⻷Խ࣬ܵѹҲȻԽ޷ѹתΪôѹͻΪ谭ħ

ţʦǿˡ۷ǳֳͩʡ
ͩûнӻ⻰ͩҲܽӣֻһԲصԴ
һŻأλԴĵشһսĵص硣Ƿʷǰһż֤һԶ֮żΪͩ˵һսĻ
ͩһɻҪʲô
㲻֣֮治УԪӣޱߣʲôϡйŹֵ¶пܷڣ֮Ĵ̫࣬ʱ̫̫嫣¾˼ʱںͼλʱڣֱڣӰ졣Ϊͩ
ǧĿ̽ǵõ֮ƼϣĪԶŴ˵֮Уǧ֮ϡۿڽ͵
ʲôͩȵغҪִ֪ΪʲôȲԶţΪɵĲΪ֮ӣ̸˭˭
ʵϣԶ֮ǰ֮֮ǰ֮ΪʲôԶ֮ɹ
ΪǧѴĴڡ


443  ż
ֽʱǧѴѾΪ˴˵˵ľʲôʱʿߵĶʱմһȷĳѴ
ʵϣʱմѵʿ١ҲԪһ
Ϊʲôԭܼ򵥣Ϊʱմǧ֮ǰĴϰ˵ףԴ˵ȴǼΪѡȻ˵ֽ֮Уе۶Դ˵̤۾ģ̤һ֮󣬶ʼԼĵ
˵ˣǾĳ֮·ֻмִƫִ۲Żһֱȥ
ͺñͩʱմͬʱҲԴ͸һ
ǣҲ״ʱմ̤۾磬۾ȥԼĳ֮·
˵Ĺ֮ͺڰ֮λԪ֮ǶʱմѼԪġ
ͺڰҲе֮еѴ
֮Уֻ֮ʱմڼԪһһѣʵǿ֮ƾһ֮ʹüгС

Ϊ֮һҲֻѴشкͼء֮УǿҲӵгʮѴ
ĳѴȴǧ֮ڣ
֮Уһ϶ڰڼʱմʣµĶ
õԶ֮ǧѴϣôĵ̾ͻ쳣¡
Ҳһɱһ㣬̻ΪȺ̺ʵȴɱ
رǶһ۷Ⱥ˵ˡ
ͩϢ֮ĵһӦǾȣȻţôܣ
ͩϻһĴУ崫֮УҲûǧϣֻеļѴѣ֪ż֮Уǧϡ
ȷʵţȷʵż֮еõ˲ٺô񣬹żĿѾƿΪǺԼֻпĹ˵
Ŷͩţƺеˡ
Ȼ໥֮䣬˴˹˼ɣżĹҲ˴ȷ

ѹֿٶȲ죬ԭˡ
ԭչأս֮õһУսƷȺҲռСԣȺԸ⿪һЩҪԽż֮õǧѴĴСҪ֪ЩһֻȺ֮н۵˲ʸӴĻܡ˵
ͩˣͷشȻԸ⣬ȺģرȺҲӦõġ
ͩż֮еĴϣû̫֮ģֻǺѡ
ͩĴ֮овٴ;
ֻͩڵĵλҽóȺԺ᲻Ҫˡ
ͩӱۿеõ˲ٵصЩûκؼ¼ǿڿഫͩҲģԲ⴫
ȻΪ˱ܣʮֵλ
۸ͩһԼʱͿռ䷨֮һЩ
˵۽ӼÿһһŻصֻΪ˽һľᵥϿβϰ
ҲûģȻͩĶž⣬֪ͩɵ˥֮٣Խ죬۵Խۺ񣬶ڶɹ˥

ԣ˼ҲŻΪͩ
Ⱥ֮ев٣ͩһнҲһҲûСͩһﵽľǾ޽ˡ
Ϊɵٶȿ죬ʲô˶ˡʵϣͻɣһżṳ̂żһֻɡ
ɾ磬˥˦˦һۡȥ޽٣ʵϣΪԶֹ³Ҫҡ
˼λͻΪΪǱԭ򣬵ⲻǾԵġлԵͻأ
ǣֻҪǱ㹻һµܻ֮һһ
ܱЩǱ㹻ȴɾ磬Զ޷ͻƵĵùҪõöࡣ
ͩɾͻƵɾ磬ҲǻһСĿ๦ڻԵɺ֮²ųɹͻƵġ
ԣһز׹ʹǹˣ滹иֲ˥ء
ͩڱ۵İ칫Ҵһ£űŵԼ֮С˵ᣬʵһռ伫󣬸豸ǳȫ
ڣɱҶ׼׵ˡ
ͩصԼ֮󣬲û̶ǰԶżǾչĵ

ͩһŻֱչ˼꣬и֮ͩȻ֮µĹطһ뷨
µطͩὫڿռطͩϣһʱط˿ռ䷨ʱ䷨ĵۼ
Ȼͩڵľ磬ռط⡣Կռ䷨ɵĿռѣѵֻһжѡ
ҪۼǿɾͼΪˡ
ͩĵһطǣֻ֮һľϵͩ˼룬Ŀռ䡣գչһںзһռµĸ߼Բ
ͩҲ԰˼·һŵۼطĳΣպ󾳽֮ٽһһơ
ֻ뷨ˣȻǷȱһС
ͩΪƵòУֻó͸͸
شĴܣߺŻز޲ֻͬǸǵĲ࣬һȺ塣
֣Щ嶼ǿǵū䵱صķԱʺϡ
ϾصĻԣµǻ֮еҲҪԱΪṩķ񡣶صʩҲҪһЩȻܹܶ⡣

ĽĻϣֳ˲ɱɷĽϡ
ͬʱвϢ
˵ȻػϺشС
ͩƵ󹺣ڽĻв١
ȻЩ֮ˣϰҲбʱմڱĵطǻֻԼĬĬǰ
ȴһˡΪ֪ж˴ż֮УõһЩѴľϺشСЩϲȫܱԼһڵҪõöɡ
Щϵǵ˽вƲǿףҲȺڲ˵ڲ޷ôĿŵؽˡ
⴫Ϊ⴫͵塣
ڳΪǿݳȻȻᾡάȺǿȺԽǿǻõҲԽ
˵ˣڳ˶Ⱥ˼Ĺмײ㣬żߵĵλΪ룬ҲѡȺңʵǿκҪļһҲҪϸһµʧ

ﾹȻдϵǹϡġͩ̾
ⲻ֣ױǻͨޣеʱеĶҪҲҪеĶҪֲҪ͹˽׵ĻǴҲһһǿ˹˵
ȥΪᣬͶ֮䣬һݵˬʣദǳ
ֶصʣͩƽ
ãǣͩòصͷʵ
㲻ʶңһҪεľ飬·ˡ
Ӧʶ𣿡ͩһãʵ
״ˣ˵ˣȻʶ
ͺҲˣҾʶ㣬ͩ԰ɣŪ
Ǿ¹ªˡ̨ͩȭʵ̹ȻԼĹªš
ܳϣƮѪش
ͩһ£ʵƮѪǸһţ
ˣһͲˣϵˡƮѪ˵
˵ʵԸµĴĳ׹ֻһֱԵü벻ϡͩΪ˵

ףˣôҲսɣҡ֣ôǱû鷳ֵͩʵǱһݲŸսġ
ϵܰҲᰡ˵ʵصñӣҲǶ갡ںˣνϱšǽ׵֮ѾԶˡƮѪ˵
ΪΣͩ⣬Ҳɳۼǿ
һ֮ǱˣܹģĸǳţҲǳ֮һҲûۼǿ򡣿ңΪʲôײˣһץһѣΪ˼ÿ첻еû£רŶЩСһﲻţƮѪͩ
ô꣬λۣƮѪʵ
ͩˣʱȷʵˣۼĴܣǵ¸ӿ̿࣬Ҫ
Уͷ·һ㣬ֵùĹעҪץһʱ׷ѰԼĳѴһжǴҪġ

ɱһ£ɱж˼ҵжᱨ𣿱ȥȺս
ĺἫȥܻ䡣
ΪһΪС¶սһ޴ʺšȺսս˫ڣǿսк壿
һΪԭ򣬶ʹ󳬼սȻճ־ã˲ƣһᵢǵȫòʧ
һ㣬Ἣ⣬һ˫Ⱥ֮еĵλҲر
ֻĺڳɳ֮ǰû̫ļֵ
ȺмѾɳֵ޴󣬵вͬʱʸȺᣬΪԱⱾϵҫ͵λ֡
ңڹϣΪԶż˴֮ìͣ͸ʱ򣬳ۼǿߣԴС˫ͻˡ
֣һͷۼ֮ˣҲеġοϲ߲ӡ


444  ż
Ҫǣǿ߿ɲۣͨ巽֮һıۡ
ͩ򣬿ﵽ֮ݵλı仯Ȼ֮ǰȫһǱ߻ͣ
൱ɵĸоȷʵͩͷӦ
ΪҪ֮أܹĶ̫࣬ҪԼȥᡣƮѪ˵ûٶ˵ʲô
˱˴˽ͨѶ룬Ȼ˼䣬Էֿˡ
ͩҲмָп֮ɫ벻Ȼϴ˵еƮѪŶӦýƮѪŶԡ
˵ʵһ㣬ͩʶһʵƮѪ
Ȼֻǳμ棬ƮѪȷʵѾͩһ˿̵ӡ
ͩս¼һŻصĸܣеһսĻƵͼ
⸱ͼƣܶطǿհһƬЩռ䴦ʹδ̽ͬʱҲδ
ͨЩطǳΣգͬʱҲпջḻ
ǣⲻ̽ĵطһ
ż˵һսһ޴ĵع֮ڡ

û֪ع֮ʲôܣӵжٿµĽƺصҡ
Ǳ̽ĵطҲĳûзֵĽƻء
вڱ̽εõض顣
عǳ޴ȵķΧҪһЩ
ͩһ̤һŻصĴţ̤ѰһԵ֮á
֮ϣһӫֲԣǵ磬Ҳͬйâ֡
ֻڵҪ谵һЩ
˵ڰ񶼲ʲô⡣
˵Ȼĳŵżô񹦷ţӦǷŵĲؾ֮ĵطôᵽֲأͩ˵
ܼ򵥣ǶŵԵδһֱڳ˯䱦˵
ˣָˣͩĵʵ
֮ҾͲ˹һãʱ˵Ҫ˯ˡ˥֮УҪСġʱʱֵģǧҪСħ֡䱦һ˵ͩϵؽؼɻ䡣
ֻ֮֮ͩҪһ̵ӡ

䱦һƽʱҲô໰ģЩ̫˰ɣ
ȵ䱦ĻƽϢ֮ͩſʵղ˵Եôһ¡
ŶԵʵɵɵѡײԵĵط֪ʲôɵҸ㣬һֻ漶ĴڿŲʸ֮Ϊɣ䱦ͩɵɵΣ൱ذִɣͳͳֻŵӣɲλŵӣ޽ɲ洫ӣʸƳϡŵһ㶼֮ڣ
ͩˣЩǳʵ̫ˡ
ɾ൱ڵʱǿĴڡԪ
ǿĴڣֻɵ֮еһͨŵӣһ£ŵӻж٣Ǹ֮ɳһ㡣
һ߶ȫǺԵ֮
ԵЩŵѡرвŵӣСɣһֱ̫ҽﳬѴ֮뿪˴䱦˵
ܹͩóһԵȫʢʱڵżҿѡԵ֮еĸִУеŵӴСǿһֱ
ͺһŵһ㣬ΪһɳϵṩӢӡ

ѹôϣЩŵ֮ʱġЩԵ֮ԭЩСͩ̾
ȷʵˣвپž޵ţһǺпܾͻԵ֮УһԵ䱦ͷش
֮ɵ֮УЩĴоͷ·𵱳ͩǧλžѡ֮͵ѡһ㣬ƽˡ
ܹЩĹѿŸһռСһ
ôɵɿЩ֮ŵӾͺܺýˡ
Ĳ治һĴ֮ҲǼΪϡ٣ǹȴ١
޾ԪҲ֪ʲôı仯Ȼǽƺ塣䱦̾
ͩϣܹؿ֮һɽֲ֣ЩֲͩһЩ֮пΪֲһ֮йϵĿǵΧ֮Уˡ
ֱ֮⣬һ汻һŹɫ֣ǵҲΪǣǻѪףմһ˿Ϊء

ǳ࣬Щطڽ͵ĵطڵͼϵʾԺɫĿհ
˵Ե̫ǿɱĴвĶֲȱЩﻹܳ䱦ֵʵЩյأȷʵмЧ
ɽ֮ʯԹҴ֮еĴ̫ͳϸݣҵΪ̫ࡣȴͬĴУһ㶼൱ϸϣЩϲȫõϣԼãҲԵһֲƸңֽʱЩϵԿ֪ͩͬʱҲΪԼĴнȥΪĴбһԵҪҪҪ
ͩеĿĺܼ򵥣Ϥһ»㵽ЩΪȫȥ̽ЩѾ֪˫ʿ̽ˡȫԱЩ컷֮µҪߵöࡣ
䱦ͩĽ֮Ҳͬ뷨
ϧԵҵķ岻ܳ䱦̾
ͩƹһЩΣյشһȺǰ档
Ⱥռؼ󣬷ԲﶼƵĹͽ

ھԹ֮ͩʱܹһЩݹڿлӰͬҲӰ
ﵹûмʹ֣ɱ˴Ҳоá
˵սֻһţʵϣսġ
ͺʱΪƣʿͬʱ֮У֮Ҳ̾ʹ֣ûͻʱ˫Ϊơ
Ҳһ
ͩЩҪ֪Щ֮ķƼ̻ɣԪȥˣȻѾ𣬲еĽȻһļܹ൱ˡ
ķ棬֤֮Ĵΰ
һ浮ΰ嫵
ֻԺ֮ȥǿհΰ
ͩڷ֮УһĹȴļ䴦ż
ƺԼ˼֮УͩĵֻһλͷһۣͩҲ࣬ҲջĿ⡣
ƺоʲôͩа롣

ͩ˹ȥϸһƣԭǽϿ̻һЩǽ۵Ķƺһ׽ֻвֲȱȫ
ͩעŵ׽棬ⲻ֪һһ׽ȻͨĽ̺£Ҳʻʱմ
һ׵ۼط̺ͩһʱ֮Ҳֱ治
ͩȥ䣬ǽ򵶷Ҷǲȱطܹ͸̺Ĵ£ջҲС
벻ĹطȻҲּܹײȱĵۼطɴ˿ɼԵˡ
ͩҲΪ̵ʶһ㣬ѹΪż֮侹ȻҲìܣôһϷ
ͩɴز˽ȥ뼸λһ׽
ͩһֱ˵ģɽ֮ʯԹ׽̺Ĵʺͩ˵ͩԡҲͬΪһֻֻۣۿţ˭Ҳܷ
ͩߵλͩʶǡ
ǵͩºһ֮󣬾˹ͬԡ

ȻҶȽϰزʲô벻ͨ͸ĵط˱˴֮
湬󣬲ֻҪһ磬Ǿһкðˡ
ڽ֮ڣǳٴҲûйϵ
ַΧͩоʵͬʱҲоǳ
һգ֮䣬͹ȥˡ
֪֮䣬ͩȻ湬֮дꡣ
ͩԣĲѧϰͩеüĿˡ
ۼط͹ȣĿǰ˵ͩķ롣
ĳ˵˷ʱ䡣ͩʱɱȲЩϰǵʱֱͲʱãдѵʱԻӻ
Щۼطøڡʮڡʱ䣬Ҳۣӻǵ˵Ҳһ
ͩͲˣʱ䱦ݲͩ˷ѵ̫ݣ˥֮£Ǿ·һ
ʵϣ¶ԡ
˷ʱֻһ档
ĳϣһ׽Ҳͩȫ¹طԴ
һˡ
ͩʱȥ׷Ѱȫطķ˵Ҳ㻮
ϾһطҲһֶΪӡ֤ͻۡ

ϧͩû̫ʱ˷ȻüĿͩȴǸоһʲôٴȥ˷ʱˡ
ǣͩλͬǶȥ
ӣֵͩתһʱͣʱߣ϶ع꣬Ժ֮еǵȻû֡
һ죬ͩͿշɹһûݶǽ汣ķ湬ʱһâ·˹
ͩķӦ죬첽ܵ˳һ֮£ɵرܿͻȻϮ
ͩŭƿڴη󱲣ͷ¶β޳ܣˡ
СԲѣʨүүΪҴˣѵһС޶һͷƽʨӴ·Ĺ֮˳¶
Ӵ۴мؿ̬ͩҲ쳣ſţΪԲȡ
˵һսϵĹϵôţûͻĹϵҾˮˮ
λʨ֮ͩûκεͻֻͩ·ѣڻǴϿ·ֻǴӹԱ··Ĺطϡ棬ҲᰭŶԷ


445  ս
ϻô˵ʨС࣬ͩȣԵ÷ǳӴ
ֻսףֻצɱı໥ӦóĸצΪһɱ
צ繴䵶һ㣬˸ŵ㺮â
һצ嵶צǶʮС
ʨһǰˣԽ׵ľ룬˲ͩǰǰצʮӳ
ͩʱ㱻ʮ㺮âڡ
ʮͬצӻµĽǶȿǶǹ̶ġ
ʵϣʮȴǽͩǰ¶ڣԭǰĹȻ˴˷
ͩ˵״ֹľ档
ܹͩظоЩǿԺѹ
ͩʶʹ첽ܣⷢˡ
һֱ첽Ȼʩչ
첽ʩչʧܣͩѾ˶ܵʱ
ܲˣֻҪӲһˡ
ͩһϵȷɼ˲װϵɱɽʩչٵĽ
ʮ㺮â
Ϊͩϡ¡ǰâȻȥ
ʣµâͩɼ׻ϣִҡҡ׹ȴѵά

ϵȹɽϵȷɼףôܣʨץŭ
Ҫ֪꣬׸߼ݣҲֻһȺŵһ׹צס
ɱõĻеɱġ
ɱһﵽϵȵĲ֮һԾȻԽϡ١
۷ȺһЩΪȺΪ˷һϵɱһ㶼ǹɱ
һȫӳϵȹɱʵȻǰ֪Ҫǿٱ
ϵȷɱǿ󣬽Ͼֶܿ
ͨɱֵֻܵɱµĹ
еɱ֣еȹɱĹͬԵô
ֻϵɱֵ֣ܹϵȹɱιơ
ϵϵɱǾ͸ˡ
ϵȷɱ֮УҲиߵ֣֮Ȼͩս׾ϵɱ֮еƷСϾɱͩص֮еġ
ߣϵȷɼ׻ΣܹƨʨһͩһצʮצҲˡ
צл㺮ââͩΧ
ͩ˷ѵطԼȻû˿ֻܱ֮طٷ

ҺãͩٵķϵɽȻ᳤ࡣټԪռܣϵȷɱǿֵ
ͩԪռЧá
ͩԪռܶķǿģǶڿʨϵɱʵ幥֮£ûбֳǿһ档
ͩڲף֮սȵǶԿռʱƿأΪȨͩ첽ʧЧΪͩ᲻ռƿأԴ·֮С
ȫͬľ硣
׷Ǽµƻ͹ԽǿʵԽǿ
ڼµƻ͹֮ϣҪսֵƿ
ͩȻ·磬ȫڰĵزҲ̵ʶսʽ
ûɱ£ʨֻһδλצɶԶֵĿơ
ͩȻ֮׿¼ڷ湬ǽϵĵۼط֮УһЩ޷ĵط
սƿأսʽϣǲûɱһ㡣ɱÿܻǿ
ۼطǽƿطӵޣطķʽֳ
ԭˡͩ̾
ӡͩˡƿءֵҪԼӵеļطֻзӡЧ

ӡһͩɥʧȨȻһЩٲ֮ǰһûлֻ֮ǱмܻƾɼӲ
ʨͩķӡͬǼɵ֣òâ
һˣ͵ڸͩϢĻᣬͬʱеȨҲͩ˻ȥһЩ
ãе˼ͻãǿطȻΪĳšӱһʽȱʨ֮ǰĹƱ꣬ʵֻͨѣͨĵâҲͩǳǱ
ʨ½ĹɾͲô׿ɽˡ
ͩҲòϣȫǿʨĶ֣ԷǺΣԤˡ
õѡˣ˵Է޷ķΧ֮⣬ɽڣûա
ǣͩĽԼҪᵽ߲࣬ʹôȥ
ͩҧѡȻ򲻹ͩѡ
ȻͩҲ֪ĺͬǳأϾһĳУɲͩһܱȵġ
ͩڵΪ羡ļ𣬵ǳ֮⣬ͩЩҪܶࡣ

ʨһʽȱԵ൱Ѳ⣬ֻһָͷһɿֲָĵۡ
Ȼͩһ
ǹ˾岮˲ͷ˳
ֻܱ̱ͩʮռѷΧһ޴ĺɫ޵ڿۡٶȿȥʵʶ̶Ϣ֮۳
ն
޵ӭͷ£ſµĻơ
ͩɫЩ԰ףµһòӲӡ
Ԫռӭȥ
Ϊ޵ٿֲҲķ롣
ͩڽԪռ俴ܹһʽ߽ľУϣ
ԣͩ׼˵ڶǾٽʽ
ǵɱ֡
Ȼϵȷɼ׵ıָӿɿ
ͩʱĵ֣ͩ¸߽
Ǻɫ޵£ԪռܾȻֵֻϢȻ
ռѷ죿ͩɫˡ
ȱ
Ԫռܶ磬ֻһϢҾɢ
ͩĵǼΪǺɫ޵ͩķע֮С

ⲻǼ򵥵Ŀռѷ죬̺־ĿռѺۣǿĸ֮
ͩҲףΪ֮ߵ־ֳǿĵطµ񣬽ƾ־ܹ֮ѹǡ
ֻͩû־֮ںϵ֮С
ǡ֨־ȻѺۣⲻΪͩµģΪԷ־ӳֻ֣ͩǵס
һƿ֣ͩɱϡ
ֻһͽͩ˳ȥ
ҺںڵͩϵͬʱΧĿռѷȺҲɢˡ
ͩӲһϵȷɼ׵ı֮£ֻͩʧ1ˣҪСͩ1壬ȥƺô
1弸൱һ۷ȫ壡
һͩϴϵȷɼ׵նµġ
Ҳ˵µ޵ϵɱսҲᱻһɱ
ֲɱֲĿֲ־ֲĹٶȡ
ͩԿʨȫ·硣
ͩһɴԶݶȥ
ȻѾʶǿͩҲûбҪٴȥˡ

֮ͩΨһ޳ɵɵط
ͩɲ֮󣬽ٶȻһͣͣͩҪʱӦȲԼΪ
ʱͩս֮ϣʵûʲôȫУͩʹԼĴط֮УѡһŶݷ
һʮ
ȻȲϿռ˲ƣֶݷȴܹһнڶֵ֮УҲܹʱ߾ߣ
ܣôףʨһһм˵
е磬ûܣ֮еط
ΪΪΣΨҿռ䣡
½ռԻͩСͿռ֮СռǿʨͶӰռһжΨʨ
ǣռ侹Ȼڿʨצ֮С
ѣʨĵشЦ
Ȼ֮䣬һ֮жݳգ֮ʧߡ
ʨסˣ漴ŭɶô

ͩ˲ˣһοûܣǹոһŻˡ
ͩһȻ˵ȫûаܼǴ㣬ܵôҡ
ɲʻۣͬˡ
Ҳ޷Ϊͩ޻֮Ľڡ
ͩòϣһΪഫ֮󣬰ܵҵһΡҲͩΪ֮ܵҵһΡ
ʧܲ£ͩʧܣҳʧܵԭ򣬲ȡѵԼøǿǲߵо
ͩѳӼˣһζҪҿʨһسӡ
ͩصһŻأҲûȥֱ࣬ȥԼıչȥˡ
һγȥʶԶŵĵۼطʶ˸߽ǿ󣬼ʶ־ӳ֮µǿʶʲôƿ֮
ͩҲеҪ־ԼطںһͬʱҲеҪһǿԶ̹ط
ͬʱԼĸطȱޡ
ͺ첽ԿʨʱŲܹóҲͲֻɵذˡ
ӡû־֮ļӳ֣޷в׵ǿߡ
ԪռܾȻ޵֮£ȻǿռѺΪ幹ɵġ

ͩչˡ
ǽ־֮طںϵ⡣
򵥽һ㡣
־֮ʲô
һ־һõĿŵ
Ǿھ
ȻͬţãÿһλʿܹܵĴڡ
ֻ־֮һʼʹڣûĸܹظоĴڡ
ʿӾѿʼ־֮;ˡ
ھءաաʥ򡢰֮־֮Ѿ׳
ȻλۣԻ
ÿһռ䷨ʱ䷨
ͬķ˴֮Ҫֳʤͬһ׿ռ˫Կռ䷨ĸ򶼲࣬˫ܹռ䣬һռռʧЧ
ôʤγó
ʱߵ־ͻ¶ǿ֮õѿռʱ䣬̺һĸ
־֮ԽǿܷӵЧԽ
ͩʨһսףͩ־档
һܣҲͩԭΪͷͬʱҲҪ־


446  ֮־
ͩ־ɻ֮̽ʱʱ̱ǿ־֮ͩ¡
ͩΪԻԼ־ѣֻһֱûгⷽŬҲûи㹻ӡ
ԣͩչذ겻ԻԼ־ͩ־͵־ͬ
־ֵϡЧ
֮ͩ־ڳ桢ݵȷ档
ָޱߣƴ
ָׯ£
ָǹ纣
ͩ־
ָǳףһС
ָҲ죬ΨҲľ
ָƮݲЦ
ͩ־ʵԼԸһ֡
ͩԼ־ļطһںϣֳ̾
ܿϧǣͩ־ԴطںϷǳ˳ֻԴطںϾͲô˳ˡ
رǡһ¼崫֮Уַ崫еط
еĵͩҲףΪһŨظ˷ķţʵ൱СԽȴޡ

ڴ֮еķţƽͣûŨĸ˷񣬴ڻķš
˵һݡֹӰСתС仯֮ķţԼһЩɵͨˡ
κ˶ܹͬʱҲ谭߸˷ķɢۡ
Ĵ֮
Щ¼ڷ湬֮еĸԶطΪʲôûбղأǼ¼ڹ֮УⲻΪһҲ˽طΪ֮ڹֻΪһЩʿȥ͸ʵ̫С󳬼ϡ
ͩļط־֮һͻЧǾԶֵĿռҲܹطӳǵĹЧ
ǹط񷽼ӡط־֮ʤǰ
ͩ˵Ҳһʵ
ͩ־֮󣬿ʼһµԶ̹ط
Ҫ˵ͩԿʨʱ򣬸ûбҪӲӲԲȡζķʽ
ĻԶ̹طԵ൱Ҫˡ

һֱͩͷǳԶ̹طԴĵһʽĹطԶ̾ѻ͵ġ
ɱǧ֮⣬ԭص㡣ͬҲԿһԶ̾ѻ͵ϵط
ͩҪԴһΪۼطǱطһӲϡ
ҪͩʱմʮһŷļһĸȻֻͩԿռ䷨Լзĸﵽ˱׼ĸʹﲻ׼
ԣֽ׶Σͩ޷
ԵۼطһĻ˽⣬ҪطºѴɡ
ԣͩҲʱ뷨ѾڶԿռ䷨档
ͩҲòѡʱΪͩԭĿ겻ϡ
ͩڵĴ˵ڶ˥
ǹغͩԼĴ¡
κ鶼Ҫһõ
ͩҪԶ̹طͱʱϵķоͩطѾݣӦûʼ淶

Ͷʱȥоʱϵͻͩоռ䷨ʱ䣬ͬʱռ䷨ʱ䷨໥ų⣬ҲӰ쵽ͩԿռ䷨
ϵɱ
ͩⷽȡᣬȻ᷸Ϳ
ԣʱͩطⶪһߣרĵȥռ䷨ռ䷨
ʨһսͩõĽѵ٣ͬʱҲõ
ɵʿ׶Σٶȱ׶θ죡
Ϊʲô
˥һֺôˡ
˥Ǵɵһֱ֣ͬҲԿһֿ飬һż
ͨ˿飬̤żȻõһĽ
˥ÿɹһ˥ʹ˵һٶȻͻ졣
ٶȣֻǾĳһֻһϵеķ򣬶Ƕеķ򣬰ʱմһԪӰ졣
ǧ֮£һԪ
һԪж٣ͺռݵĴ½һϹʮǧ֮
ʱմռеĶ٣
ԿΪʲôִԶ֮Ĳôˡ
ȻҲ˵ִʿֻʱմ棬ֻʱմǿƺԵϵ
Ǹӻɬϵ

˥ÿһ˥ܹöɽ֮ٶҲԽ졣
£ͩڻֻǵһ˥ˮ׼ķٶҪǴȥҪŵһ
Ȼǿŵݣʵϣһֹܡ
ʿ϶֪ǵĽ൱ˣͨһϣžܹ֮־ʮʮ򱶵Ĳࡣ
Ҳ˵һ꣬͵ͨʮ
˥ٶɵԽ࣬ٶȾͿ졣
֪ͩԼٶȺͨĲ࣬ΪûбȽϡ
ܹͩԸоڲٶȱǰһٱϡ
ͩԭ൱ǿˣɵʿڷϵıͩ˿̵Ľٶȫ÷Խݡ
Խǿʿ˽֮󣬸ܹⷽŵ㷢ӵޡңⷽƵʿ˳޾ļҲԽ
ǣǿʿܹ˳سɳģԲ꣬ԾͩǿʮٱҲǰ״
ʿպĳɾͻ

ϾֶҲһ㲻ģʿ֮У𲽸ı䣬һֱﵽ׼Ϊֹ
ɵʿԱ仯ͷǳѸˣǴϵĳɾһֱƣѰ֮·Ҫĥ£ҪϸпӲڶ̶̵˥֮䣬ﵽȫɱ䡣
ͩһչؾǧûгء
ǧıչأУһǧռ䷨СԲ磬ǧٴͻƽԲ硣
ߺսص˾ȴﲻһλ˼ǧ˽Ϊ;硣
ʨ֮һͬǸ߽Ҳ˺£ڵ¸Ƴ˽ķ⡣
ͩͻƵڣֻǧ¾ͳɳΪһٶȿƿֲͬʱҲ൱š
ǧ꣬һŻص˵ֻǵָһӶѣ㲻ʲô
ͩȴõһǿɱ䡣
ǧȻڶԷͬģͩط׿гЧصõߡ
첽ƶΧҲԽԽͬʱҲԽԽսಽΪ֣ͩ첽רڶ̾ƶͬʱҲԷֳﵽõԻЧԼٽͩսߡ

һطͩӴ֮еġŲơ֮еõ˽͸֮һԶŲط
ΪСŲơŲơط־͸оЩźŪ֮⣬Ϊⷽ磬Ҳû˵С硱˵
ʵϣطһҲ㲻Ͽź١
ʵϣ綼Щͳˡ
Զ֮ʱڣֲ֮أǸʱ򣬸嶼ɣҷšٴɵС涼⿪š
ЩСʸ֮Ϊ硱ˡ
һСΪһĻԶ֮ʢʱʮڴɣǾʮڸС棬ʮڽ磡
ʮڽȣ΢ȴ߸磬Ųɡ
ԣŲ֮漰ʱմ£ǺԨ
ֻͩǴѧһƤëʹˡСŲơֻ֮ҪΪﵽ׼ⷽͩŲƣơ
ͬʱĴҲͩʱմϵһΡ

ͩڳˣͩչȥ˹ҰչȥܹõҲǼΪ޵ġ
ԣͩŲ˷ʱ䣬ֱӳء
׼ȵȴйҰٻչأҪʹÿռ䷨Բ磬ͩ㹻ʱȥ׼ӭ˵ڶ˥ĵͬĴ˴γҲĥԵĿС
ͩչ֮ʱرһϵγȻ´սµͨѶܡ
һ򿪣̾ͽӵʮԡ
ǶƮѪġ
һЩͩϴڷ湬ʶļλͬ
ƮѪ֪к£ûϸ˵ǼλͬѷԣѯҰڿʨ֮Ƿд󰭡
ϾͩһͱչأһҪĸо
ͩĵһһţлͬʱҲ֮³һ
ڿʨ֣֮ȷʵܵ˵ܵú޻֮ʵ
ʨŴڵͩһִͬҲһСĴ
ʶͩ˶ͩһЩϢʾĺ͹Ǻ顣

˵Ϊغ棬ܶȥڲһֹʶ
˵СⱾһС£˵΢ÿҲ֪һս֮жΪͻ֮սֻʵࡣ
ʤаܣԣʧֵ֮Ҳֻͩһ
ңͩãֻһˣĲ㼶棬ֻһˡڲҲû˶ͩʲôȻҲǳĽɶʻмȸء
Ľͩʲôġ
˵ˣͩҲûпɽĹ¼ҹˣıҲСӡϢ֪ͨͩʦ巽֮һۣɽ൱ۺ
ٶʼͩҲΪСͩΪѣǲһ
һͩôһжǿΪС£һǻûǸӡ
ͩĻţлͬʱҲһͬѶͩĺø˼֡
ƮѪģһʱͩƵͨ
٣ޣӣҲǱģһ겻ӰƮѪϸشһֵͩؿʵ
ұû£ʲôϡġͩ˷ۣҲ֪ĴŴʲôˡ


447  ҳ
û£ƮѪգգ۾˲Ͳµһš
Ȼʨ˰֣ҲһʾҲûСͩڻشƮѪ֪ǿʨ٣
ʲôʨѾãöԸƮѪѵɫҲ
лģĳзִ磬Ѱ·ġͩ¶һ΢Ц
ƮѪϸشһͩ˵һ㡣
˵͹رͨѶƵ
ͨƵƮѪ޷ͩڽ˶٣ȴͩҪҿʨ
ΪͩͬһˣͩҪһسӵС
һسӣӰľ
ûãƮѪͩı
ͩƮѪĲ輸ϰڷһ̳ɹƣȻѲͩʱ֮УҲмʮ֮ˡ
ͩӿڣ̾磬ΧҲƺԾһЩ
þƣζӦǼʮ𡣡ƮѪʶűͷе
ͩЦЦ˵벻ֵıôݶ˵óֻһλмҰ

ʲôмҲмҵġһԻˡƮѪ˵ΪԼһ룬Ҳضͺȡ
һһƾͺȸˡ
þƣþƣȻƣһܹ򵽵һɫһϣȻ衣Ҫ֪ƲѣҪƷļǾʮֿʦĹһҪһЩܵ䷽ͷƮѪ˵
˾ƲǳС֣֮ҷϲʮ̳Σ֮ͩ䣬ʮ̳ɳڿС
ƮѪҲûкͩһֽеʮ̳봢ָ֮С
ƮѪҲûĻ⣬תֽˣĳûпĻִ˿̵ľѾﵽף̶ǧ˽ĳ̾簡
ƮѪԲӣĳ޵ǽ޵˥֮£ĳĽٶֻ̫ޡ֮£ϰ̶ʱھɾͣĳӦ̾硣ͩҡͷ
ӶЦûⷽȥ
ȷʵˣǶеĵ·ͬûñȣⷽìܡҲûбҪֳȺȻԵ൱Ǣ

ԹȻִ˿̵ΪҲﵽףĶԸ˿ʨ𣿡ƮѪʵ
Ҫ֪Ĵڣ֮еţСӡ˵Ǹ߽׵ǿˡ
Ҫڸ߽ļԽս൱ѣƮѪԼҲ˵ܹõ
ɣͩһ»شͩȻڲʱ¡
ȻɣƴһֺηƮѪһ̾Ȼ㿪ͨѶ
һͨѶƵ֮ϳһŨü
ƮѪұк£Ũü˵ֱ˵һҲơ
ʨ䣬˳ɣƮѪǳɴʵ
ҿʨǸӸ˳ֵʵ
ƮѪɴذƵһתתͩǰ˵ҪʣҪʡ
Ӵԭʧʧ˳磬ȡ˳ж֮⣬ԺʲôϢҪֱӱһۿۣͬģʲôϢͬ۸μ棬Ѹ㣬ǿʨ˿ѾڹգںֿǱߣθӣѲ⣬ȥ˳кҺܵصͩһϢ

Ҫַ֪רְ鱨ΪΪɲһܹõġ
֮Увٸ߽ΪԵ磬ⲿ˽֮Ǳľд
ЩųɾŶУת֮еҪְת֮УһЩӵмߵ鱨ռ츳óӪϵ鼰档
ⲿ˾鱨ΪȤһЩҪ鱨ֵ֧ʿṩ񣬻
˳еٮٮߡ
ͩĬһ£˺ֵؽܣ˵ɷﱾʨʮ֮һϵط
û⣬æǳԸ˳Ц˵ҲֻˣǴϢ
ͨѶر֮ƮѪһŹֵؿͩ˵ȥѶ»ֵ˾֪һսעս
޷һʮ壬ȻʨңҾĿ֮£䡣ͩ˵

ǣԼҲֻɰնѡƮѪڲ֮⣬Ȼ˵̫ͩ³çˡ
ֲصǣֻɰգʮ֮Ͳһˡͩ򶨵ػش
ȻˣĳĿԴˡƮѪҲû˵ʲô
ʿ˵ʮ㲻ʲôﶼǰǧꡣ
Ƕɵʿ˵ʮѾԸıܶˡ
ƮѪȻ޵Ĳɵǲ˽ɵص㡣
ɵʿҲǧûжı仯Ҳһ֮ͻᷢ츲ذı仯
ĳͲֵרıսˣĳǡƮѪܳϸǵ
ͩ͵룬ڡ
͵ſڣܳ˵ˣʮĳҲȥһⳡţ˳Ϊ
ߣͩ͡Ҳûǿ
ƮѪԶ֮ͩŹ˴š
ʮҪʨһսͩȻд⡣
ʮĶʱ䣬Ҫʵһ¥ֻпɱ֮
ͩҲûƴڵģ˵ϵɱˮ¡
ǧǰһΰܱͩͲʹù

ͩãڵʱ֮£ʶŵơ
ڵʱһ浹ľ֮£ʹɱЧҲ󣬼Ȼˣֺαر¶أ
ֺһʽɱ֮طǿ󣬸ͩܺõʾ
ʮʱ䣬һŽϾˮǿطʵȻС
ͩչشеĹ̲ԱĽȵǲǿ⡣
ͺͻըһ㣬һӷ
ʨ굽ſԣͩͬʱҲӡ
Դ²ÿɷ񣬵ǲܷ϶ڴ»ǾЩ޹⣬ϧͩλû¶档
һȭմĸоǰϣڿͷռˣҲǺõġ
ͩվ˳ԼսʨȻ˫оһֻײĽŸС
ǳڿϷ֣Ϊڣеȵȷ棬֮веĵȥ֡
¾ִˣǿֵھͲ֮ڣ

֣һսһΣմ̽ƬռйһСֶڻض̽Ϳ
Ϊ֣ʵƬȴûֲڣһƬС׾ɵĿֲɳĮ
ɳĮͷ·𱻺ɫĵ֮ǣֺ׸ʴԲע⣬ǿմˣҲ쳣鷳
Ҫǲܼʱֻ֣һֱȼȥֱ䡣
һմϺףֻٶӳӷΧ޷Ϩ
ƬΪΣգƬ֮Уȴڲٹ棬ҸΪοȥȹӸ߼
֮УһЩеõһЩǧļء
Ҳ˲ǰ
ֻƬС湬λƺҲǱ仯ģѰǣֻܿͬʱҲҪʵС
ڣʨɱ֣ڿзš
ʶҲ̽뻤֮⣬׻ḽʶȼͬʱȼյʶ˵ȥ
Ƶǣױ鲼ӰߣĿֻȥһľ룬ԶһƬˡ

һķΧ֮󣬾ͻϺھЫֲֿĶޣЫľ綾ԶȺǳѲ
ܵش
ö֮ҵȥ̽񣬶һЩʵǿĸ߽ǿߡ
ʨոնɱһȺʮֻھЫҪǰ֮ʱ
ͨѶˡ
񵶣һλƵϡ
ұ£ʨֵʵ
֮еĵλߣְҵȴ˳࣬Ϣ֮ͨ
ͬʱҲǿʨΪ֮һ
ս飬Լʮ֮ϵطϵطﰡ˵
ʲôǸ°ܽȻұԼսʨȵ˵ޱȵ˵ȻԼǱȻ㣬ʮ֮һȥġϵطXXXXXXXXX
ҲͩţԺɳǳ¡ڵֻһˣڿʨĶ֣ʵ̫
Ҫôܣ

ţҲһ
ȻˣʨľͲͩ°ܽѣǧȻ㹻ţͬʱһʵƾ̡
ʨرͨѶһޱߵĺ֣ҡҡͷ̾ϧǰˡΪӦʮ֮Լòظ
ȥ֮ҪһʱͬʱҲҪȫʢ
Сκһ۵Ķ֣ǺҲһֻҪǵˣͲ顣ͬʱҲȷʵҪԴ
ʮ֮ԼԵسΪһαƴֱƴûжʵ壬ȴ¹¹ҫ
µ˫ѾǴԼǻҴ˫ҫ
ԣǶһвС
ǽĿʨľᶨҪһسӵͩǳӺ档
ʨʱ߳˺֣ȻʱţָȫʢʱڣȻȥԼˡ
ͩǲ죬չؾ꣬רıս
ڴͬʱ˫ԼʱԽԽ̿Ҳ
ׯ̿ڶǳרҵͬʱҲΪʹ
ׯǲΪͩԼ˶ʣҪͩʵȻ£ͩķ涼ڿʨ൱ߡ


448  ս
ͩһˣʨһ
ΪʿȥۣҪ֪ЩµĶעɲͨʿܹȵġ
һϵɱѹͩʤͩʤׯҪó˼ϵɱ⸶
˼ϵɱҷͩҲò
ЩǵĶעô󣬵Ҳͬǳɹۡ
ׯһ㶼۹⡢ҡжϳһ֮ȻѪ޹顣
ʮ֮һμ
˿̵ͩʨһս֮أΧѾ˲μվߣ֮䣬죬Ȳ裬塣ǶڵȴⳡԼս١
ʨ֮Уһģú硣
ڵھʱˣſڵϣ
ʮ֮һʨվź𡪡Сǲ˱ԲȻǲ£
ɣ񵶣죬ʹ졣Ӫ֮Уһ׳󺺣Ƥԭأ͵˫ۿ˵
㡭ʨ͵س֮Դ˹ȥ˵֮ˣֹ˺á֮Ĭ

ҪŻиžŶ֮Уһƽʨǿʨơ
ĵӰɣͷŸɾ㣬Ⱥܹɺáġ˵
ǰ֣ڵѾɼˣλ۷
һŻأصĵۼǿ⣬ǿ񣬾۷
ûʣ
֪ʲôĿǣż֮У嶼ûʼǿ̤㡣
ԣ۷ǻ֮ǿĴڡ
Ϊ۷ȻάȺ档
ʨļһʱ򣬶Ρ
ߣѵ˵òԼս֮˾ȻڲʲôȻҪͦԼĵӡ
ʮ֮ԼûԼڣʮ꽫һ쵽Ҳ㲻ϳٵѵҲ𣿹Ȼʦͽͽ⣬ʦҲòȥмط
˵ʲô˵һ飿ŭȵ
˵˵㵱үŴİ˵ʦͽ⣬ôţƵغߵ

𣿼Ȼûһ˵ŭ˵
򣬱㡣ʾ˵
ۿλ۷Ҫˡ
ڴʱ߷һ⣬ʵ̫죬ҽҫأʮҫۡ
ˣˡʨһ۾ϳͩΪͩʮ̡
ǿطΨҿռ䶼סĶǳ
Ҳǵͩӡططʵۣ㲻ʲô
ۼڴ˴Ŀת˽֮
ûһͷɵ˳룬ֳһƮݳӰ
ͩ
ʵϣûгٵϰߡ
ԭһĽ˿ҲͣϾǲǴսǣֻǹڶѣûбҪȥǵķͷҶֻ֮ǿ֮ΪСƴ˫ûǸԸ
ĳһЩλͬúˡͩȭӪ
ոպáڳǳӵػ

ҪϻˣСһ㵨ȷʵͬһ㣬°ܽȻʨ˵
ţһսȷʵúǱˮתǧǰҲĶ֣ǧ޷㡣ͩŶƽ˵
ԲѣǾʹ˵Ҫףǧǰܹͬһ㣬ǧͬʨŭЦ
Ҫ֪ˡͩƵ˵
ûдûôʱ棬ȥɣҪһо͸㶨㣬ⳡԼս־硣ʨ˵ţֳս̬ȫӿ͸ȫ
ӪһĻȻкá
ģ񵶣ɵСӡ
尡ɱ񵶣óʵС󡣡
ǿģôĶ֣֤ǿ

Ϊźͬǿв٣ԭ֮ԵôõĿʨƺһ䣬ܵͬ
ԭǿʨ֮ͩ˽˶Թ˿̾Ȼ֮һαƴͽ档
ԣսʤϵ˫ǿߵͣϵ֮档

һ˫䲻ľ
һԳܲĺ
˫˵ѧѹѹܻܿӰսߵķӺͬҲпܻʹòսѹ֮±ˮƽķ
ΣҪ֮
Уȱʨһûе˼һó˾Уսپ
ɾȱһʽոճ͵˲䣬ԭʶͩȻˡ
ȱһʽѾͣѾ˳ûлͷͬģȱһʽڷȥ֮Ͳջˡ
ôܣʨţѾͩȻԼ
⣬ǿռƶֻпռƶܰʶĳǽݷΪûп֡
ǣǿռƶĻΧĿռǱ˵ġ
ѵСڶ̶ǧʱ־طںϣ
ôܣ
֮⣬ʨҲҲ͡
̶ǧ־طںϣӵ̫¡뵱꣬Ҳǻʮǿһ㡣
ʨӿ޵ɱҪɱͩӵĳɳٶ̫£ٷȥˡ
ΪԼΪȺûǳ˴ˡ

ͩ첽˲˶ʶڿʨ
Ȼֻ־֮Ŀռطܹڿռ֮ʹáͩ̾
ʨתͩʱϸع۲ͩ
ⲻϸҪһϸȴͩΪѾԼƽˡ

ͬʨﵽһ˲֪೤£ԼҲˡͩˣȴֻǧꡣ
ֲĽٶȣֲԣо¡
ãĽȷʵܴѹָԼս㲻ͽͣʶһ£Ŀ񵶵ڶʽ˺磡
һ綼˺ѣ˵֪һһ֮⾳
˵ܹ˺ѷ磬ȻҲͩʹҪҲΪͩұ֤ƶλûеĴڡ
һֻǿ٣
ͩһԪռܣɻԷ˺ʽ
ܺãҵʽ£
һʽѾ˵ķ룬ͨط
ֻһ֮£ؽԺڣһֲȱ𣬵죬޾¹£˺֮µĺڰء
Щ¹⣬ȥͣʵϳɱ

һʵϺط˶ˡ
ͩȻͬǲֻ֣ԽԽ
򽣹һ£ͩгϵɽļӳ֮£ɽΪһ޴󽣹⳯еһϮȥ
ҪҲ£ôסʨôʱͩ˹ȥΧκԵ⡣
ӡͩſʨ˹˿⣬Ҳ˿˼
ͩʱձ֮ͨǧǰӡ
һʽӡ̺һǿ־֮һʽӡҲõһ
ֻͩڽӡ֮ʱĳɽƺǳ˫ֽӡ
ʱյһӡǰǿ˺ֹһ
ʨͩһӡҲдǰ壬̧צצ⣬צĴһ÷
÷һ
һԵ档
⻯ΪһϸС÷뷽ӡľ޴ӡ档
ȻʨСͩһӡ۹ͩսһǳԶˡ
÷һȷʵרԵ档
һƲ棬ʱյںϣ
÷һӡ֮ϣֻ˰Ϣ
ӡѹ

ܲңʨӡǵķΧ֮ڡ
ӡɢѹ֮ǿʨҲһСĸо
ڴʱɽײ
ͷ·ײһ㣬ɽĴ͸ֱ֮ƻ˲µĸ֮һ˰¡
¹µɱʱ
ͬʱɽһǺڰĻҲһơ
Ļ𣬴Ƭڰı
·һ㣬ڰתָֻһսϤĵΣԶΧ۵ǿߣԴ˶иı仯
ͩڰɵʱӪ߾вΪģӪǱǺȻкá
˿̣ڰȻǿʨԼɵġ
ȻӪ߽ǺȻкãӪǱǰԵġ
һսͩͿʨ˽˶Թغ档
һһˣôպһʱ䣬˫֮һȻ쳣⣬һ
еҲܹ˵ġ
ڰ֮󣬳ֳһĻ˾ȡ
ΪҶʨ޴һ޴ӡڵϣţԵüΪǱ

ô£
ôӪǱ߽š
ֻ۹һſͩΪ׵ˮƽ
ףһλ̲ס˵ڵ
ʱ⻰ǲŷӦ˹ϸشһͩŷ֣֮ǰɽ¶ˮȻһλ
ô£˵ֻ𣿡
ǧǰǣ
ǧꣿ
Ӹó

޵ϹŽиϢͨ˵
ϹŽѹֻٶȣһҲַţ˥֮£ǽӵҲ쳣¡ϢűʾȻ
ϹŽֽٶģΪ˼ÿҪһ٣죬Ǿˡ
ˣѳɣҵܳġһЩ͸ͩڳɾ֮ԭͶȡˣȻڳͩѾʲôϣˡ


449  ʤ
ϹŽֽٶȲ̫ޣһڳףΪʲôûһԸ·أ
ΪǶ·Ȼ죬˥֮£оųɵĿܻһһε˥֮£Ϊʲô
ΪǳϣɾѾˡɾ֮ΪûպҲܼеȺС浱ȥ԰ȵػԪ֮á
ܸܿոճûãͻ˥֮£أ
ԣҶ֪Ľ죬ȴԸȥΪһõĵ·ѡ
ûѡˣԸȥɵ
Ȼɵ춼ǳĽͶʼɣû˻ֳ
Ϊɵ嶼һЩΪĴУҪ˵ˣ˼ҾͻᷴĽﲻԼȥȻԼﻹĽˣ
һͩϣͩ˥֮£ĻһСĻ
Ҳһֹ۵ţȺ֣Ҳδܹ˥֮١Ҫ˥ôùĻҲɵʱ֮Ϊˡ

ɶ񣬱Ҫ˺㣡ʨѹӡ֮£ͣš
Ҫ֪ͩһӡǰʱյȻͨӡʩչֻʱյĲûʱôǿ󣬵Ҳġ
ʱѹ֮ǿΪӵʮʱգѹ֮ıʱȻԷȫ
ͩͨطûֳɵʱտԽãҪԼĸ򹹽ʱա
ͩĸֻǿعͷĴŽṹȻʱ֮ﵽѹ˵Ч
ĳ˵ͩطڽѹˡ
ʱȣһǽ֮һǱ
Ȼ
ʨͩľƽȻܱͩȫѹס
Ӵͩķӡ޷ȫס
ڳս֮һĻҲЩš
Ӫһûͩʤ̿ڣΪͩıֺȻкá
ϾһĻӡ
ãģ
ֻƨʨӣ֪ǿ󣡡
ǴĿʨȻһ۸˵
٣ʨӣваоؼҳȥȥ㲻ۣǿҲ۰

ֳм֮ǱʧΪǵĿʨȻ߳ŭŭǷǱ
ͻȻ֮ıͩķӡҲѹƲסѿ
Ҫɱ㣡ҪʬΣʨȼܵĽɫ棬ȼպѪȼֱͬʱչ
ʱĿʨھֻʵɱ²
ˣ㾹ȻȼѪͩȵ˵
ⲻͩȣΧԹ۵ӪָǾȡ
Ҫ֪ȼգֻʹٶʮ϶ѣʹùȷʵЩֻ֢ҪϢһʱͿԻָӰҲ
ѪȼտɾͲһˡ
壬ûʲô̫ǿѪǼûʲôѪȼգһЩѪѪԵģֻܱٶȣƽͻƿѶȣǸط׽̶ȣ֮Ҳûʲô̫֮
֮ѪĹ֮֮ͨѪԵģԱȼա

֮УһЩǿ߸ɴ壬ǵԵĳǿѪЩѪǿͨĸΪѪԣǻһЩ츳ͨ
˵һЩΪΣһЩ˲ƶһЩͿԿ͸һЩδ
ЩѪӰ죬Ľġ
ǵѪȼգȡǳǿ˼塣
ǴۼǾȼյѪܸԭ
вѪķҲ
ĲѪķһЩаţͳݡ
Щ֮УһЩǶȡѪڼõа֮ܵĲݡ
аͨûǿѪʿ
֮УваֻǶǼ
ΪȻǳЩаӡ
ԣЩаҲֻǰ֮Ҳҹ
ƽʨһΪĴ֮һǵĴѪȻͬһ㣬ȻȲһЩ壬Ҳͨǿöࡣ

ڿʨȻһαԼս֮ʹѪȼգȡδִۿɷͬһˡ
Ҫ֪ƽʨһѪŨҲȲ壬ǵѪֳ֧ʱȼա
һȼգʹһҪƴˡ
ҿһķˣޣСӦܴ⡣ƮѪ˹
Ҳŭˣһغȵ񵶣ڸʲôڲƴǰ;ҪҪˣ
ûдⳡȻ˵Ǿʵֻһʵıԣֳ֮£˫ɱ֡
ΪҪɱֵʱ򣬶ԷӪѵȣ
ôľ룬ǳɱǱܴҲܹ֮󣬴˾ϸѡ
ѵǻΪԷսɣ
ҲܣҪɱ˿̵ĿʨѾ׷ˡ
ħʨܹнĳɾͣҲкܴؾΪԸ֮еķ
ַѾ׵ȼ˿ȫ˺Ҫͩ裬йɽһķŭ
ɣΪ⿿Ѫܹ𣿡ͩм˵˿ңԳš

𣬲ΣҪʨ˻֮аĺ⡣
ͩһڳۣվڿУԶķɽûлأһݵЦҵҪʶһ£ġ
ʨ֫һͻȻ
䡪ղſʨڵĵطͻȻһ飬һɳɢһɳڰա
˻ʨӴ˲ǰʧˣֻһ
Сóٶȴ죬ӴĻƽʨӾȻҲ޵ٶȣ˸оˡ
Ϊٶȿܴʶһ£´طͩһ߳ˣâһչ˷
ֻͩһתһӣһ޴ƷƷϵľ޴дŲ֡
λͥͩӰʧ٣ֻµĵ
ͩ˾ˮ¾ԣԴطλͥ
֮ͥͳȺ߹ٷ֯ѹϡ
֮ƹļ仯ֻأϵ£ǳԹϽзţǴͥġ

󵨷СޣȻôͥػŵĴסˡ
𡪡ͩСӣ޵СӣûԸ̫ƵˡʨֱӶˡ
󵨣ţ㾹Ȼǿ˰׽ĿŭĿһɣ
Χվڵ콫ֱֳɱ˹
һЩˣκε˱𣿺նʨˡ
콫һЩͨɺͨɵˮƽȵϿʨһͱɱ䡣
콫Ƕ֣Ĵˡ
ǵıһʮ㣬ʨѹסˡ
ʱ򣬴·Ŀʨⲻǻô˱棿λǿֵ߳ʵǶ۷ʵΪ
ǵķͨԲ鹹ġ
ǻþ
ʨھԵ·磬ʱãˡ
ͩ״̬֮ѣűط֮еĿʨ¶Цݡ
ˮ£ܹԼĻɱ
ͩ崫УԴλͥеͥɣԲٵģǸʵھˮµ֮»ԭġ
޷͸ʱĻطô˽ԶС
˿̵ͩͿɻʱڻþ֮У޻֮Ŀʨ¡

ͩЦЦŶ˵ʤѷ֣ĳѾûбҪٱȥˣǵ˼أ
ʵ˫ӪڲҲ۷׷ס
ǻ
ȫǡ
мζҲǡ
ƺΰɣѵǽ񵶴УȻʶȫξ֮У
벻ͨ죬ʵ̫ˡ
̫ɲ⣬ܹǻǲҪΪ
ͬ⣬ҿɲһ㣬͵ʴףӶˡ
ӪǱߣҲͬͩĿ࿴ôɶͩˣҲòͩ䳬ŵ
ãģ
ǿطȻܹΣ
ʲôξȻסһͬ
ǿʵѹԵѹʨ
٣֪Ƿ֪֮ԼȼѪ֮ͩ󣬻ʲôľʱأ
˿һĨζЦݣŽ˵ôһ־ʹ˽Σ

ϵı飬ͻȻһߣ޲ôһһ
ѹ˻ûбһ˵սѷ֣ٱȥˣѿ񵶷ųɡ
Ϊʱ򣬿ʨϣȼѪһЩֹͣܵӰҲԽС
ûǰĿתͩˣѯ
ͩ˵ͷԣֻдԶѣȻǵ㵽ֹֻǣȷʨԸҷֲƵٴΰ죿
С˺ˣȷظһӲˣǷӳҪǲϰݣҲǺܳԿ
ɫ˼֣漴˵һ𣬲Ҫ²ġ˾ˣڳλ˭ûֻҪԳܶ£ʲô䲻ģ
ˣǰ˵ĻȻǿŵģǰѿʨųɣ岻ǵˡҪ˼֣ڽѵͩʵڸӪλҩء
ǣףͷ˿ǰͩʵػӦ


450  
λͥһʽطǸԶͥɣͥǧʮ콫
ÿһλǷĶλ
ڷϣͬ˵ѼԪ
Զ֮ʥ
Զͥǹһٷ
ʨŶȥ˵ͥ
ʵϣͩλֻ֮ͥǳˣֻܾŵػ֮ڵͥ澰ֻһӰѡ
һžѾ㹻ˡ
ΪΪͥŻػ񲻶֮࣬еǿߡ콫Ҳǿġ
ͩľ磬ط֮еĴֳֻܱ۷ϾطǿҲʩչģܵⲿӰ졣
һطȥֻǻ͵ط
ʵϣһִ͵طҲпһֳΡ
ط֮е磬ٵģҲʵġ
˵طٵģط֮еһУȴʵġ
ʨط֮䣬ôʶҲ֮ʵ֮оͻһֱ˯ֱհ׵֮Уµµʶ

һȫµطĲҲ꣬ʶ
ʶһģҲֵġʶ֮УǴһ̾еģӳɳɳֻ֮еʶ
ԣʶֲ֮УʶķҲ൱µһڡΪΪʶǱʶʧʶһֱ֡
ͩϾˮµλͥطԵľǶֵʶ
ʶĨȥǱʶܿͻһʶ
˸񡢾ʧȵʶ⡣
ͩλֱͥξ֮ĨɱֵʶȻΪʶֲ֮УֱĨɱɱػ˼شܵһûɱ
ɱã˵һ㣬Ǳ겻ⲿӰ졣һֱȽϱķʩ
Ϊ걾̫£ɱҲƣʹƳĹһ㶼ǰס꣬طһй
ͩλͥطĲ걾Ǹֲʶ壬ͨĨɱʶ壬ﵽشԴĿġ
Ҳشѣûа취ȫĨɱֵꡣ

ͩطʨξ֮з˳
ʨ˹ͩѾվӪС
ǵľûн㵽Ⱥʲô˼ʨȻ񣬵ҲûɵӪһȺ
³ȥӪǷɱҲоݣҲǻá
ͩɫȻؿſʨ˿̵Ŀʨû̫ܵشֻȼѪ壬ʹڵ״̬ôáȼ8ңټͩһѾʧ10ңⲻʲôص㡣صѪȼգȻȼյʱ䲢̫Ҳܹ㹻Ĵˡ
۵ļһѵûп˼Ѿ𣿡Ѫס˿ʨڴ֮ͥ¶ˡ
ʦʨѪסˣȻ񣬵ǼΪʦ
ѹĿʨѾָǣֱܷ治ƣѾⳡǻþ֮ĳ޿ƥС벻ͩþķ֮ǰͲսʤͩ
ֻǿʨģİܵôңܵ

ǧǰѹԵƴͩ޻֮ݺݵشһӣǳ
ǧҰ֣֮ͩͬ޻֮Ҷñͩݡ
ͩ磬־ûȫգͷβˣûʲôֵģֻΪͩ⣬Կʨܽɨһӣϸ˵ʤ֮䡣
Ƿˮתͩǧ꣬սʨӮú׵ػ˵֮Ҳݺݵɨӡ
Ŀ֮£ͩʤùؽԱֵüΪӪһҲ޷
˾ˣߣ˵
ʱӪֵ뿪ˣȥˡ
ĺ֮£廯Ϊݹ⣬Զȥһ䳡滰û¡
ʨݺݵصͩһۣתŴ󲿶뿪˴˵ء
һӪȫˡ
Ӫ̷˻˰
ԭܶ࣬ԭ϶̿ڵļһǡ
Ҷͩıȴǳۡ
һսӪʶͩˡʵǿȲؿź硣
ֻҪ䣬ǰ;

ڳͩûȫãѵȵͩԺΪ֮ٽã
ڳ֪ɵ٣˥֮£ֻҪͩ䣬ôͩͽΪĵλ۷ۣ
мλҶ֪Ⱥܣ¶˵֪ҲԲ׼ȷ֡۷۵ľֻλ
ԪʱԪûгȻ۷Ϊǿߡǰ粻ڡ
ͩ޵ɵ˥֮£ôɹɹ˵˥֮󣬰ٷ֮ٵػΪ۷ۡ
һ㣬޷صģڲ۷۵ϣͩǳɹǶĵλ۷ۡ
ǰ;β˾̾
Ȼ˥Ŀֲ˭֪ʿȥأĿǰ޼ɹʿƺһûУ
ġֻǾ壬ָ֮еȺ

мصĽʿֻ˵˥ѡ˵˥ųɵأɵʢԶ֮Уܹһصʿֻаɲʣµľųɰ϶䡣
οɵˣһصľע⣬֮һЩڵעȻ˥Ӱ죬ᱻҡ
طǷǳõģΪԼԽʱ׼ɹ˥ٵĻҲԽ
ܷͩɹ˵ʵڻڲұ֤̫ϣ
ս֮ͩ壬ʱƣϢɢȫȥ
⴫Ի⴫ΪеʱεɱҲܹɱһš
֮еĵ˲٣ر濪ʱڣֵ֮Ͳ٣Щǲ׷Źᡣ
˰еЭ飬岻ڴڼ䷢ʲôͻǾԲЩı
֮˵ˣᶯ֣аСǻЩʹ֣Լ²ؼشһ߿ֿϷ

һЩҲвûб
һԿϷˡ
һʵľ˾ţˣʨڻȥ֮󣬾չأ¶ʱڲˡ
ҲȷʵûˣһҪ鵭֮˵һʨҲ㷢ͼǿһѩǰܡ
ֻ뷨ԼҲ֪ܡΪͩĽ̫ˣʨϾԼٶٿٱҲԺͩᲢۡ
ǣʱӵǿɱڿʨͩˣǿʨΪͩһܶɹ˥֮٣ֻչؼٳǸʱ򣬲鵭ˣͩҲ˥֮¡
ǸʱȻţͩȴˣҲһʤ
ͩȥ֮Ҳչˣֻıչزʨһ㣬㳤ʱıչء
ͩչصʱҲ̡̫
ͩһȫµĹططһȺӣֻ˵ĳѾʧɡ
һֵͩȥ̽ķ
һۣһҲơλͥط

ֻͩչ˶̶ٶͳˡ
߽֮ͩ˻ش
вк

Ȼ


ˡ

ͩһ·ͣرȭ񣬴һ棬ԿͩײҲԼǵһĬĬš
˵಻࣬˵Ҳ١ܹߣֻм
˵ͩ£мֵý֮
ռ䷨ͩ˵Ѿʲô⣬ͩλͥһط֮ͩԿռ䷨ĸ֮С
ξ֮Уһʶ磬ȴͨû㹻Ŀռ䷨ܹ
طչֵĴͨٶƣҲͩٵĺôʹͩĿռԲ糯Բ
᳤Ҳ̣ͩԴ˵û̫ż˳Ȼǡ
ʱͩԿһ˵ڶ˥⣬Լʱ䷨ĸ׼ˡ

˵ڶ˥Ϊ֮˥һ˥ǶɷķɣһɷͬСɣΪʱͩȫԪںϵģɱȻᲨԪ񣬵ȻֲС¡Ҫǣסַɣȫ˥ٷɣô֮ʱ֮ͩʱ
ҪסַɣͩĴ֮УҪʿ컯޷컯ô˵ڶ˥ٷ֮ʮϿȥ˵ˣ
ôΪ컯أ
ֻͩһŵĸûȫ͸屦䡷֮УھɻĪΪЩҪԼȥ¼ȥҲǱ˸򣬻Ӱ쵽ߵľ֪ϡ
ֻͩԼҴ𰸣ν컯ָľ֮ȻĹ񹤣еʱΪҲòԴ˾̾̾硣
˵֮УȻԵһЩܹʦǿ߶ȴؾյء
Щѵ컯
㣡
ڰһս֮ڵһУ컯һ֣ͩԴеõһЩ򣬻ܹʲô컯棬еõɹ˵ڶ˥ĹؼҪء


451  컯
ͩڻشתһȦҪҵһЩʵĿĵأֻȻ鿴̫ˣתһȦջ񲢲⡣
ڹ̨һ֮£֪ԭЩΣĵϴ඼Ǵ֮Уͩʱء
ڸʲôѣȻǾֵˡ
ͩ׶λڵľֵһŻ֮ڵľֵһתֻʣ¼ʮֵѡ
ͩڻ֮Ͼͻֵ
ΪЩ϶˾޴Ѫͺʱռģ޳ؿš
ͩؿһ飬Ȼϸطһ顣
ս˹⣬ԵĿȲ졣Ե30ǹЩĿ죬ͬʱҲгɾ͵ġ
ʣµ70Ǵڿ
Щһͬ㣬Ǿǻ죬鲼գΣϡ
ϣЩΪȼһ弶ߡ
һָڿģΣճ̶Ȳ̫ߵЩͽȥСһЩһǲµģǳ£ҲΣΣգϾĴڣôġ

ֻнȥܱ֤ȫͽȥΣաҲڿֻǿȱһҪöࡣ
ĿȾ͸ˡڸ߽Ÿ̤򡣶־ȼΣ
ļϵĿȿ֪ˡ
ͩΪʵļµ򶼿ȥá
ЩһҲٴ֮ࡣ
ЩǷǳĵطȥǴȻĹ񹤣Ҳδûоơ
˵һһػߵĵطػɳأ飬ÿһʱЩ֮鶼ӵػڵػ֮ϣ֡
ҪСǴܣȻûʲô̫ǵһһһְ֮
ʹõĸַţԿȻطʿѧϰͲġ
ЩЩطйڣЩطػһǴĻҰ֮ء
ͩҪȻ컯棬ȥ̫ΣյĵطѡѡƵػĵط
ػл֮£ڿռϵ˵󣬵ʱϵ˵ȴ쳣

ͬģЩص֮УҲз硢ס⡢Ĵʾ֮ء
Щͩ˵Ƿǳֵһ۵ĵط
ȣͩѡǷ֮Ͽȡ
ͩ׼һֱӶˡ
֮Ͽͩ⴦صؾʱ򣬲ŷֺ֮ȫͬͬϵıҲͬ޷˵ص档
֮Ͽһ쫷Щ쫷ÿһʵ۷ڷ֮Ͽ֮Уǵ١
ǹǣЩ쫷ûǻۣȻǿԵһ壬ûǻֲۣ֮ܳΪ
֮Ͽ֮ܵĵεΣ΢硢硢̨硢쫷ȵȸָķӦоС
֮ͩе֪ˣ֮ϿĵطǸַ磬Ҳ쫷ķ֮£һ޷֮أ
Ƿ֮Ͽصأڷ֮Ͽĵش쫷ػţͬʱǷ֮֡
ͩҲ˷ֻ֮ǲûдﵽߵľ硣
컯֮⣬ҲΪ˼ʶһ޷֮ء
ֻҪһ㣬ͱ봳һ֮Ͽˡ

ͩ˷֮Ͽڡ
ûϾͽȥǲϵգӸ߿һ֮Ͽȫò
ԽߣͩԽԶ
ԿԶ·һ磬ϲͣŰţȻǳ׳ۡ
Щ޴֮УʱʱֳһЩ֮顣
ЩɲǾͬ࣬һͳơ
Щ֮һʽĳƺţ쫷
ǵڱ֮У֮ڣԸַΪʳ֮ͨһУ÷֮
ǻ۵ĻǻΪһȺǿ塣
쫷һ壬񼶣ɳ֮Ҳиǿ߿ǿ
ӵǻۣĻǳ¡
ĻҪռҪѲСĴ۲ܰ쵽
֮Ͽռؼ㣬ͩ׸߿գܹľҲǱɽһǰˡ
ͩ㶵ؿǰ澰˼
Ϊ컯ǰķ֮Ͽͩһģ壬һսԭӦýԵŶԡ
һУʶǵԵԴ֮ͨɡ

ܹһУ°ΪۼܹĴܣ컯Ҳƿ֮УԵ𣬳档
Ȼ컯
컯ߣƾմһƾմһ֮ԭʹһĵر
ƿ컯־̫ˣֻ֮ͩ
ͩĲһ컯Ƥë컯㹻ˡ
ͩڸ߿գ뾲״̬רעڲ֮Ͽ컯
ͩŷ֮Ͽ澰ʶͣɨŷ֮Ͽĵһط
Ϊ컯
컯ȥ
֪ԼǷ컯
ۣͩȥ۲Ƭصķ˿ߺͿռӺ۲ȥ֮Ͽİء
֮Ͽ˲࣬ûвٿռϵѡ֮ܵİء
Щ˴󲿷ֶеͽǾע⵽ͩڸ߿˼Ҳȥš
ˣȻͩͷԼҵӣҲóͩʵڶǿߵأҲͬûȥͩ
һǴֻ꣬ͩ˼û붨
˼һЩﵽµĵزͩûлľġ
ʱ֮˽ͩЩӡ

ͩҪΪ컯ͩúѣڷ֮Ͽӡ̵رԺ
ͩҲûټˣѡȡ
ȥ޷֮ز֮߾磬Ҳ֮ͩϿĿ֮һ
һȣͩ̾͸оĲͬˡ
һ磬ŷζ֮䣬·˷⣬ʲôûˡ
·Ƿ֮ıԴʿ֮еķؽӴᣬĻ֮£֮ͨĵط֮򣬿ܱȰʱڲٶȻҪ졣
ܵʱųųķ֮
֮ϿԴͬһ磬ַ·һ硣
컯֮ɼһߡ
֮Ͽͨĵش޷֮ص·Ͽɲһ˳ġ
һ·ϼл쫷Χ¡
˵ǲա
ͨ˵ûбҪ֮Ͽ̫֮࣬Ͽǲ֮ʥء
ֻһЩƿµòͻƣֻҪ֮ƽ߾ǣŻѡ뵽޷֮ء

Ȳ죬ͩѾ˷֮Ͽ˿̵ͩ鷳
ΧһʮΧס
ֻ쫷ٿعһؾȷزٿ־лľ޴ƶúűһ㡣
ʮĸ쫷ͬʱ֮гХŻӦͩ·ھͩҪǰˡ
쫷Ƿ֮飬ǵĺʵǷǾǷ֮Ļ
κ˵ص嶼ᱻ⵽ŷûʲôùЩ쫷
ͩȻʹͣڳӲ֮⣬ѡ
Ƴ
ԸЩԪֻȺԵĸʽŻá
ƼĹеĵԵ㹥Ϻɹ͸˷ѴĹƻ
ͩʮļƳ
ķ˲ٷһٴɢ˰ΧԼʮĸ쫷Լǵݡ硣
Ҫͩƺɵؽʮĸ쫷Ϊ쫷öԸ
ʵϣڷ֮Ͽ˻磬ǵɱ൱µġ
Ҫͩȹʮĵͩ쳣Ǳ뱻ľ֮С

ҪӲȥΪǿ
֮ϿһȻ˵ʱȵǿ߲٣ͩһֱ޷֮صȴһҲûС
£ͩɵһ쫷֮ͨĴܿģΧ쫷˷ŭĺУȻͣسͩڵķλΧ
ͩȻ֣ѾԤϵһǼΪ򶨡
Ƶ쫷ͩΧͩ÷ǳԶҲԹ۲쵽ܲͣо޴Ļƶ
ÿƺкѹѹһƬ߸˹
ͩԴֻ̾ͬʱҲ쳣࣬ɲʲôġ
һ·һ
Щ쫷ûԶûпͩľ롣
г·𵼵һسͩ˹ûнӽͩԶͩоиԼ
ͩϵȷɼ׷֡
Ԫռܣ
ͩϽԼǿķط֮䵽ԼߵȭɽԪռ֮С

ֻ쫷ͬʱУ·ͷǿҵɱ
ЩΪڿкϳһ޴ķС
ɣ
ûд쫷ûûнţֻԪǲʹΨһĹʽǷ磡
쫷кĻģǷ磡
ЩԴݼ򵥵Ϣͷ·ԭǵĺһ㡣
ͬʱЩҲǵĹʽ
쫷ȻǵסԼĻ棬ǵЭһҲ
ǿԽķ磬˵ΪǿĹһеˣػǵʥء
͵Ԫռϡ
вûοռɣ˳õĽ֮С
еһֱԪռգһҲɱرܡ
ϵ쫷ͣغţ

Щķ粻ͣزе֮УʹԪռ࿹⡣
ҷ翴࣬ʵʮǿǿķ֮ΪķУ˺ѿռ䲻ǻ롣
ֳõĽ֮УͩԪռ֧ŲסııԵԵѺ۸֣ڲϵ


452  ޷
ͩһֵ֮쫷ĺǷ֮ϿǱ˵
ͩЩףΪʲôЩᱻΪΣˡ
ô쫷Ĵڣڷ֮ϿĿ˾޴Ӱ졣Ϊ֮Ͽֻ֮ĺôʵһ֮ڣ֪жٷϵĵرҶǸ߶˵ĵر
ЩԴɳĻʵֻǿһϡ
طԴͬ٣ȫеֱ
ֻǣΪ໥ǣƵԭԺѶȫټΪ˶Ŀһսĸ־γɵġ
ͩʶ쫷ʵǿµ֮ȻѡӲƴȥ
ͩĿĲΪɱЩ쫷Ҫȥ޷֮ء
ӲƴУƹȥˡ
ͩɴغ˶ȥ
쫷ƺףһ㡣
Щûǻֻܰձµ쫷ͩȥ֮ǲû׷ɱȥף
ͩϵģҪ޷֮أӲֻ֮ߣΪ֮Ͽڣ쫷ϣܳǧ
һֲܿ֡

쫷һ񣬳꼴Ŀֲ壬ǧһͷƤ顣
Ӳ޷֮أ˵֮Ͽ쫷Χ
ǿɲǿЦģ۷ҲҺӲӲǰ׳ղŻһȺûǻ۵ƴ
ӲĲУȻֻˡ
ǿɣȻҪȡ
νȡʵܼ򵥣ⲻ쫷Ĺע֮£͵͵Ǳ֮Ͽĵ޷֮ء
ֻҪڲڷ֮Ͽڲǧ쫷ע£͵͵Ǳ޷֮أҲһ൱ѵ顣
ΪʲôҪô˵أ
Ϊ֮ϿǷ磬쫷ǷľͷĳֻҪУûܹ쫷ע⡣
֮Ͽ޴ڵķǵĶĿ
ֻҪǴ֮ϿĴڣͺùЩ쫷
Ϊ˴ﵽƭ쫷Ŀģͩ˳˷֮Ͽ
һ·˵λãͩһʱ
ͩĿĺܼ򵥣ȻҪǱ룬ȻҪ֤Լѡв֡
ڷϿ֮УܹùѰģ취ܶ࣬ʺͩʩչֻļֶѡ

һֵ򵥵ģǾһݣ
һԶʮ֮ң
ֱٶȳ޷֮أ˶ڶݹ֮£κνƺͷӡӰ죬һЩض󷨡
쫷һҪ裬Ҳһ׵顣
ַֻ̫ˣͩҲ˵һܹùȥϾ쫷һ֮У߼ǿߴڵġ
һռڣǿռ䴩֮ɫشԽ쫷أ޷֮ء
Ҳǲȥ޷֮ص˵ѡ
Ϊ֮ǿռϵҪƵǿռ䴩̫֮ѡ
ǿռ䴩ĺķѺܴ
Ϊռ䷨ܹΪΪǲܵģǻÿռ䷨ҲҪȵķġ
ռĸԲöˣռ֮Уٳһǿռ䣬Ҫǿռ֮ߣķ֮ڲö˵
ռ棬ͺͩԪռ䣬ռ֮Уʹռγȣǿռ֮Уҵһռв㡣
ǿռ䴩ԭڿռ֮⣬ٳһʱռֻͨҪ˲ܣǷľ֮ʱǿռͻɢǿռ֮ежڵһʱ䵽ʵռ֮С

ȻҪǹţҲԳռ֮·ġܿϧ֮Ͽ֮У޷ռ䡣
ͩʱռںϵͨͬʱͩޱ֮ʱܹıԶǿռ֮С
ԣͩ˸õѡ񣬺αԶأ
Ϊɱʱڴǿռ䣬ǸС˼
ͩ½˷֮Ͽ
ڱ֮Ͽ֮̾͸оԶľ޴ռ
Ȼ֮ϿĿռṹȹι̣ͬҲ˷֮ϿӰ졣
֮ͩ͹Ŀռṹ֮ǿ֮ǰԤǿռ䴩ıԤĻҪʮϡ
ͩʱ㲻ʲô⡣
Բͩеٶȳ֮Ͽĵشƶ
֮󣬱Ѿ쫷ѵĺĵ
洦ɼ쫷ӰԿһЩµ쫷
쫷岢ֳֻܵԵı֮УܵӰ̫ˣ֮Ͽһ컷ı䣬Ȼֻһ;
ΰǲܻ仯Ӱ죬ǿ䡣
ֱ۵ľǵľŴ󳬼

Ÿ۷壬֮ȻܹȻڡ
һ㣬Ⱥˡ
쫷һ֮ڣҲǿߴڣֻΪϡ٣Щǿ߶ȥģʶ֮䣬ΪĳЩĻԵŽȥġ
Щ쫷ǿߣͩ˵в
ҲܹһЩǿռ䴩֮Բܿʱ١
Ҳܹǿ͸ˣǶɱҲϡˡ
ºܹͩԵظо˴ռͬʱķ籩Ȼ𽥼١
ԾһͩĿĵؽȷź
֮̽ϿܵʱҲ뵽֮ϿĸַĹ磬ĵشȻһ޷ش
һһҲûС
רҵݣһգ
ǿգ˵̫վ֮ء
ʵϣ̫֮УҲա
ǿ֮УŸߺͺӦ
˵Ǻӷ籩֮Ķǳǳࡣ
ԣϾա

Ƿ֮Ͽ޷֮أȴһľա
֮ʱϵķ򣬶һȻ;ճϹϵⱾشĹϵ
Ȼڿռ䷨ķΧ֮Уκһλܹһճ
Ǿնսʵ̫Сͨλ񶼶ԾһҲں
ÿռ䷨򿪱һպ÷֮򿪱һȫ£
ƫƫȴϵ
βǰ̽ѰԼڡ
ҲЩΪ˲ռϵʱϵںϵ㣬ͩǣͩȴǡ컯
ܼ򵥣ռ䷨Կپգ֮޷֮ءֲͬͬϵĹ֮ͨ
ܹȻγԶ֮أⱾ컯֮档
뵽ܵ޷֮֮ͩȻ֮ˣ컯Ƿָڷ
ǧļϣַǧ
νɵǳ
컯ǵҲǵ
컯ʵص־־ʱյ־־һе־
ԣԵܣ񹤡

ͩûȫ̤޷֮أǿǱ̬ԣһЩ컯
ͩʱ֮˳ȴûǿռ䣬С
ʱ֮̾͸ܵռѹȣʱٵǿռ䣬ƶ˱ѹ֮󣬾ȻҲбļ֡
ͩڴһξ֮ǿռջ飬ͩҲǿռʵ硣
Ѿ΢ҲоˣˣΪǱǻһЩ
Ҳ쫷ûΪ˵صķСÿԺԲǣֻΪ΢Ĵѡ
ͩڿ˲ԶһŹֵĿռ䣬·Χռ֮⣬ʵϣϰռ䷨ܹͩ׵һ
ǿƺǶռ޷֮أʵΧռûκβ֮ͬ˵˾ͬһռ䡣
ǿ޷֮أ㲻̫󣬲ƺѣвǿͲ˴ء
̤ͩƬ޷֮أһȺһٵС
޷֮أֳ֣ռһ룬ྮˮˮ

ͩˣǿߣ϶Ǹ߽ϡ
۷һռ֮һ
Ǳռǻȥǲǡһλĵк
ףȻǣģǳ
Ȼ鴫еϸһͩ϶ͩʡ
ǿȫʵϣֻҪսûŪʱ磬עŷ֮Ͽһ仯
ͩʨһս˫Ӱ춼ͬһ㣬ԹͩţͲʲô̫ʵ顣
ͩһս춨ĵλõײһϿɡ
ǿԼɶͩĽͩȴܲͩĵλʵ
ټͩıҲ򵥣˼ҵʦǽڱչسʾ磬λ㣬ǲ̫Ϊͩ˼ҵʦ巽֮һۡ
λߣʵǿᣬһ𣬾ǰ;

ͩһЩû״̬һһкһ԰ĵطվڸĵط޷֮ص֮
ͩڴ֮ǰѾõһЩ컯֮⣬⻹
ͩһ꣡
ľޣ޷֮ص죬컯ͩ˵С
٣ʱȥˣͩɱеľҲʹ
ͩʽ̤ռ䷨Բľ磡
̤У
ÿһλ̤Բʱ򣬽ԻȻɢһֶصϢѹǿƲסȻ仯
ͩľ޴仯Ȼڳע⡣
ҲһЩСΧۡ
ף⣬Ҳ̫˰ɣ
ɲװϷʱȴ֪Ծ˶ٿͷ˶¡
ⲻ֣ѵһĳţ޵ĸɵд˽ٶȲ档
ǲҪ̫ˣɵԽ죬ԽҲ˵˥֮£˭˵һܹɹȥ
һ㣬˵Ҳ֪ⲻǲĵ⣬ֻǺ棬̤״Բ֮ʵ֪ɪ۷٣
ʵ絽֮󣬾Ѿˡ
֮ϣȴһ൱߽۷徳ڡ


453  
һʵ޵ھżλ֮ĵλࡣ
ľȻֻ磬֮УһЩʵͬʿ̫ǿߣЩǿ߾ͱ˻ֵ۷Ĳ֮ȥˡ
ÿһλʸ񱻳Ϊ۷ֻдսõ˵Ͽɲʸ۷
ֲһ²۷ֻҪﵽ״Բ㹻Ǳȥλ
˵ףֻλһн׶ζѡ
ͩھϴﵽԲ˶ɽһ
£ͩûлھϡʵϣǱʹɱ֮УþһʱĳȻȻؾͻˡ
޷֮صʱͩɹؽ֮ԲĲΣҲ򵽴˴һ˿컯
컯֮һ޷֮أͩȫ
ԣͩھͷ֮֮Ҳûд˷Ѷʱ䣬Ȼͩûвռ䷨֮ϵڣ֮档

ͩҪȥ֮ȡ֮֮ؾ컯ͬʱҲʱϵĻۡ
֮Ϳʼʱ˫ޣ۷ҪͻƵʾͱʱ䷨
յһĿռʱ䷨λ۷Ҳ
ʱ˫ϵλʡ
۷ʺ۷ĸǿһ˵ǿһЩҲ⡣һ
ʵĵλһЩǿ϶ģԭܼ򵥣ΪʾλľҪһЩ
۷ԶͻƳۣ۷ֻҪͻƣǾˡ
ǵλˡ
ڵʿѡ޻˫ޣͩɵʿֻܹߵһһַĵ·
ͩɹ˵һ˥Ҳнǧˡ
ͩ˵ڶ˥ǧ٣ԣͩ㹻ʱȥ׼ȥۡ
֮ͩȣ֮ͬ꣬Լ֮ȵ컯
֮һڷ֮ϿһյأֻҪӽĵشΣճ̶ȲߣҲһؾûƹķ湬طҲûƺֵĴԵ

֮ȵĵشһɫ׳ء
һȺ쫷֮飬ΪΣճ̶Ⱥͷ֮Ͽ£ֻ֮ȵĵشûз֮Ͽô졣
ֻˮ֮ͬĪô
֮֮ͩ꣬Բ磬ҽ֮ȵ컯֮Ͽ컯Աһͩ컯һЩ
֮꣬㳤
ͩȴڹ֮ǧ꣡
˼ɣ
Ҫ֪ͩռ䷨Ҳֻǧѡ
֮򲻹ʱ䷨¼֮һͩǧꡣ
ʵϣٶѾܿˡ
Ҫ֪ʱųɲ˵ٵģз񱮸ٶȻ١
Ϊʱų
ͩռ䷨Բľ磬ʱϵķȻųġ
Ϊͩǰۣܹڶ̶ʱԲǹ֮Ͱ֮һ
ڴ֮ǰͩİޱȣ޽Ӵͻۡ
£޵ȻԼΪѡ

磬εÿмʮϡۼǿߣȴ쳣ϡ١
ԭΪʱų̫޷ų⣬ںôʱߵǿ߽ײ㡣
й֮ؾͩҲҪķһʱܹﵽڵľ硣
ͩӹ֮֮Ҳڰңй֮İԼҪ֮Բѡ
ټϱȹ֮ѵİ֮򣬿˵ڶ˥֮ʱǿؽʱϵ¼ɹʱ¾ûôʱȥˡ
۾ͻԵñ࣬ǿ˵ڶ˥ʱΣջӡ
ʵڲС
ͩҲ˵ʱжٰܹӦ
ͩǰ֮·ϾͲ̾ȻΪɵӢӵԵЩؾĴڣʵԡ
ССķؾͿԿ֪̽ɵɵļ硣
ȫĵ̻ȲɵɵƤëɣ
֮һڰķؾͬʱҲʱϵĴ֮Уѵһַ
٣ڰﱾͻȻԱѡ

Ȼ֮ȺҲеںڰų
Щڰס
ʵϣڰڱϲûж̫ѶӦһ
ֻﱾ˭˭ס
֮˼飬һ޴ĺڰ֮֮Уĺڰ֮һֿµûй̶壬ʵ壬óڣջ󣬻Ի󣬻ľմﵽĿġ
֮֮бΪħ
һ־ԪĿʿ˵ֿʤԲעͻСΪ𼰸߻ħ³ϡ
Ϊ֮֮УħڣΣռȷ֮Ͽ֮ȻҪһ
֮£֮Σճ̶͵ġ
ħʤһ£֮˹ˡ
˵ʵڻͩҲǳֿϾ֮󣬻ϻûలµӴڡ
ԹһЩǿߣʧСټϲ֮һҪط

ڰ֮⣬ƵĻҪҲҲʹҲԲ֮ٶһЩѡ
αðΣ֮ܵȥðգ
֮޷ġ
ҲҺˣħȫӿǾֲ̫ˡ
˵ʵɼͩ治ֹط
Ҫ밵֮ͩɲһ׾ͩڽ밵֮֮ǰһԴʱ֮˳ӭǡ
ǵʮߣ磬Ϊⴹ¡
סͩϵȷɼףͩʱǶɱǿ
ıͩ㹻ĵһⰵ֮
׼һ֮ͩ˰֮
˰˰׵ӣͩһСƽ̨š
һƬŸйȻմȻи࣬Ӱľкֱܴ߻ħ
Խ밵֮֮ͩɽְԱֻûͬʱҲڱı֮£һкȫë׶ס
ͬʱ÷ʩ֮ʶС̽롣
ⲻ̽ãһ̽̾ͻᱻ̳ԸɾħͬʶΪʳ

ͩȻʧһЩʶǲʲôû˼
ÿµħʶΪʳȻǿֲͩ̾ҷųʶҲһ񣬰֮ڵİڰħ࣬κһؾҪࡣ
֮ϿȵأΪ˼࣬쫷һתһƽ⡣
ͩʱ̩Ȼƽ̨ϣźڰİ
󣬲̽ʶܹġ
֮ȻΣգȴܹ֮
ֳͩ߳ɵʶ֮;£ʶᣬʹıͣ
ҲΪʱıͩΣյİ֮֮Уȥ
֮ͩĵʮ꣬ͩɹ˰֮ĳһ£ɹ̤˰֮ż
Ǻ£ɸ¥ƽ
꣬ͩſ֮е
ȹ룬ͬʱҲʱͩһʼŬعĸһС
һǧȥˣͩ˸Ҳ˰֮֮е
ֻʣһ¡

£ڰ֮֮бΪ¡
и
һб֣ģΪ˳Ǻڰĸ£ѵһ£ͬʱҲǺڰľ⡣
ͩΪһ£밵֮ǧ߰ٶ
ͩħȺķ񹥻
Һʱûͩʧɱĸ߽ɱʮ㡣
Ǳ⣬ڳǧֻħ񹥻ҲвȥȻΣգ⻤ִû
ɼͩʱ֮ǿⶥɱĻ֮£ͩǿҲʸԱ˵Щ쫷˶ٵľˡ
ǿļλħǴﵽ߼𡣿ǼʹˣȻûͩķ
ɽһ񶼼ڲ֮ϡ
һƬŨˣħ滢ֻ֮£ܹѹרע
ܽηѵľѵõġ
ͩһǧꡣ
ǧʱŲ£ںǶȱʱѡ

Ϊ˴ﵽڰ߾磬Ϊȫڰͩǧף֮ȲҲҶѣҲ˵Ѿѡ
ֿͩһǧ꣬ȫں˰֮򣬴ﵽ˳ĲΡ
ͩҪ˵֮ĳֻһʼ
ǣͩ˼꣬ͩɹؽʵƽСɵľ磬ѵʱ䲢ʵϣٶѾ൱ˡ
Ϊͩ˷ǧ֮á
˵ͩ¼򣬶һǷؾ֮вؾ֮£ٶȼֱͬһ㡣
ͩޣҲǧˡ
Ȼ˵ڰĽȲ⣬ڰ֮컯ջС
ͩҲ֣֮ʱ򣬷·ڤڤ֮УʲôͩĲͩ򵽹ؼʱ̣һƣ˫һһҪضסͩɵظڰ졣
֮ϵĽȻ⣬ͩ԰֮컯⡣


454  ˵ڶ˥
֮ϿƮݡ֮ȵϡ֮ů֮
ͩĴؾõ컯
ĸؾͩõĴ𰸶һȷʵ컯֡
컯ͩΪǲ
ʱϵĴֻܴһ֣ͩҪռϵзؾһ˽⵽ⷽ컯
ͩڰ֮дһǧ꣬żѵؽ֮ɹԲľ磬뿪˰֮
˰֮ͩŰ˿ջʱ
ڰ֮ǧͩԴŵʱûժһֱתĹ̡
֮еĺôʱģҪһա
ҲҺͩڻûп죬öСǧķݱ䣬Ҳۺķͩʹˡ
֮д洢ķ䱾ûΪĸԴ
ʱãҪ貹䡣
ǧĳģ֮еķѾ˰˳֮ࡣ
ҪҲһһϦ顣
ͩӰ֮֮󣬾ڸһĵطţȻ뱦ʼϢָ

ĴˣͩŽĵķ˻
˵ڶ˥֮˥ԷǷɷʹʿԪ뿪ͬʱҲǶ糯СǧĴ߻
Ϊ˵ڶ˥Ҫ컯
Ϊ컯οٶ죬ΪСǧ磿
컯á
ͩڶ죬ȷʵܴ󣬱һҪϼΣ
޷ģͬģҲûͩ顣
ֻҪСǧ磬編֮󣬲ܹһá鷱ܣ
Сǧǧʱ򣬾ͿԳͩ飬ĻһԪȥع磬ͩҲܹѼԪ
ԣ컯Ǳġ
ɵʿ磬仯ġʿ仯Ǳġ
ҲǶߵĲ֮ͬ
Ϊ֮˥Ķһ˵Խۺ䷴ȻԽǿ
һ룬֮еĺ޷ڷɣ֮ǰ컯ΪСǧ磬֮еķȫΪСǧݻǻһ˥ǺѶɹȥˡ

ָͩ˷ӱ֮г֮󣬾͸ؾ
ȥ컯֮Ϊ컯
ʱǳȣͩڹ֮Ͱ֮ȥ˽ǧʱ䣬ͩҪǳ
ؾҪ컯ʱ޷㡣
ͬģͩҪطȼܹľʵ
Ȼ˵ڶ˥ʣһʱ䷨¶
ҲҪһ£ҪķѴʱȥ
ʱϵĴҪѡ
ͩʱϵĴȫԲ磬ܹȥ˰ǧʱ䡣
Դ㣬Ҫʱ䷨һ£µϵʱ䡣
ͩʱ൱ţһ㣬һǧң˵ڶ˥ͻή٣ʱµһ꣬ͩǧҵʱȥ׼
Ҫأһ͵ҪڶԴҪһЩ
ԣһ͵Ҫɵġ
һҪأҪܵĵط١͵ڶ㣬Իص֮ҲҪ
ȻˣͩȻȽһҪ˵
ͩĵһվ밵֮ĵػߡ

һսϳƽ״̬ҲΪѸٽأвٴƿڵʿΪõͻƵ
ڿصһҫ۵ĽڿлǳŻضȥġ
ⲻǱˣͩޣعһŻء
ͩ÷ɵģΪظܴһƬĿռ궼ܵ˸ţռ˲޷λ
ֻ÷ɵˡ
ռżΪ˷ֹͻϮõġ
һսսѰؾ
˫Ҳûд󶯸ɸ꣬ǱҪķͬǲٵġ
߿ſռţĻظͬҲſռš
ָֻۼĴڲӡ
֮Уֻһλĸˣһܹ֡
ǲҲǿǵһսҪԣԲŻӵһλ۷
ͺһλͨһѹԵǿһ
ͨ۷ǰͬҷ
Ȼۣͨڵ£λͬߡ
ܹͨһλۣͨʸ֮Ϊ߼ˡ

ͩĽڻſͣ
ͩԼͬغͩк˵ڶ˥Ҳ˰ɣô𣿡
ͦ㰡
٣ͣҪԼģ˥ѣȫȥöЩɵۡ
֮УͩԵ൱ΪҶȽϿͩǰ;
Ȼʷܹ˥ɵʿֻĿļλǶϸԪˡ
Ԫһ˳ɹ˥
ͩȴпܳɹ
н·ֻǷǳѣǾ޷ɹйɹӡ
ͩ»ص˻أӦһͷԼıչؿȥˡ
ͩǧʱ䣬߱зؾ컯֮
ջǳȻûȫЩںϣõε
Ҳﵽ˳Ŀ꣬ʣµ£ͼ
񣬾˵ڶ˥ٻһǧʱ䡣
ͩʱĲˣһǧ꣬ƺʵϣʱǵָһӼ䡣

ܾͩһⲿţȡʱۣɶɽǰ׼
һЩͩõҲʶȤû£ͩ
ʱ䷨ѣ
ȿռ仹ҪƮ죬Ҫĥ
νΪ档
ʱ䷨ⷨ
Ϊʱֹͣʱ䵹ʱ١Լʱѭĸ·
Ѷ˵ĸ¶ѡ
ȶԣʱֹͣ򵥵ġ
ʱֹͣͿռĽʵ֮ͨġ
ЧҲǼΪƵġ
ʱס˵жͬǣֽɲ֮ͬϸ΢Чؼ
ͩΪƿ˿ռܹѸٵʱֹͣ
Ϊڲͬı֡
̺ʱ䷨ؾΪң֮вؾֻЩؾ֮ͱĳһܷˡ
һս֮Уûؾڡ
ͬģҲûпռ䷨ؾڡ
ҲֳʱϼѶȡ
Եܹľˮ硢ס⡢Ŵؾȴûʱϼؾ

ͩʱ䷨ȻûؾͩȴʱձΪ
Ϊͩıʱ౦ȻаͩĹЧ
˵ͩڳ֮ǰѾþ֣ʱ䷨ͩȫ޸
ʵͩʱʹʱձʱͿʼӴʱ䷨ֻһֱûȥȥо
Ϊ˸õذպȣռ֮С
ͩѡʱ˫ˡ
ֻ˥ʱԶɹ
ΣһԶɽΪ׼ֻͩ÷ʱоʱ䷨ջ
ڣռ֮ͩѾߵ˶תʼʱ֮
ͩʱΪ￪ʼоʱֹͣ¡
ոտʼͩ͸оʱյųУųзǳ
ԭǰֻڵʱ£ȴ˱տ⣬صؽͩҪʱ¸УԽӴ
ʹԭֻҪɵ®ɽĿȴҪ򿪱տ⻹ͨ谭
ͩпռ䷨ʱѶȾûôš
ǸʱֻದһЩ
ų⣬ų⣡
ųҲͩǳҵҺûѡʱ˫ޣ໥ų֮£Լռ䷨ԲҲԵ
ռ䷨Բﲻ˵ڶ˥٣Լˡ

ͩԼûи߹ԼҲûİԼֳſҪĸȥʱ˫ޣٺٺ١
ͩ뵽˰Ӣһﵱռʱ͸ֱռ䷨ǺεǲŸôѡ
Ҳ֪ڵİӢôˣֱִָռ䷨ĵ·Ҳ֪ˡ
ͩᣬ˵һ˥ɹ֮󣬿ռ䷨֮£ֱӴӳ嵽˴ɵľ磬ֻǧԲ磬ʨһսҵһȻɱ䣬Բ硣
㲻̫ʣҿȥƺǳ˳
Ƕ෽زС
ɵļӳɣз̵棬ʱձĲգ޿ռ䷨רע񱮵ĸ˥ĳ徢
Щؼһ𣬲ʹͩĿռ䷨Ѹ١
֮£ӢǼһͱͩˡûз̵棬ûʱձĲա
Ҫڰ׶Σֱռ䷨һ죬Ѷȿ治С
ҰĸǲС
Ȼͩʱ䷨Ҳ

ɵļӳɣ˵һ˥ɹ֮ļӳɣ׹ⰵĴ̵棬ʱձĲա
ʱ䷨ռ䷨ų֮⣬ͩ˵Ϊ
ԣҪųⷽĸţôٶȻһЩܹһǧʱʱ䷨Ĵ֮һ
ʵųŲͩйˣڰ֮ǧޣͩ٣֮һڶӵĻ֮£ܹרעͬʱųţѵȥ
ѵõľͩ˷ḻľ顣
ԣ׹ⰵĴĻۣ൱õġ
ͩչزרʱ䷨
һǧ꣬ͩջΪ㣬ͣڲĽ׶ΣŶӦ˵ǿտĽ׶Ρ
ǧ꣬ͩڵʱ䷨ǰһԼĿ
϶زʼˡ
ųеķҪһ߲һųٶȻӰ죬һ޷ȫĵͶרעֻܱһʶרע
ʱˮգ֮䣬һȥˡ
ȻͩԤһʱ䷨£ҲҪһҵʱ䡣
˿̣˵ڶ˥ǧѡ
ͩ㹻ʱطΣ⵹ǻ˶ʱ䡣
˵ͩΪӭ˵ڶ˥Ѿһ׼


455  ˵ڶ˥
ԭͩļƻǴȴ˵ڶ˥Ľ٣ֻǼƻ仯졣
ͩƽıع㲥ˡ
ػصԱţ˱ص֮⣬лսʿ쵽XX֧Ԯϸ鿴ǵսϵͳ㲥ظ顣
ļ嶯Ա㲥Ϊټ
ֻһ֣ʹд·
ͩӵ㲥Ҳɵһʲô
㲥ͩҲòȥ
ǲǱأ֮еһܶƹصıۣ˵Ҫװչؾܹװ˵ġ
ˣͩһӦǿ϶ʲô£ȻҪԱڻصĸһȥ֧ԮܶԱ˰ɣ
ͩͨսͨսϵͳõϸı档
ԭһ޴ĹͻȻ֮̽Уõһ˵Ĵ𰸡
ǴдвֻһִС
Ҫ֪ĴУֵȵһɱڸ˵һĴУȺĵ̾һ֡
֮̽ǿ߲Լͬ˳ͻҪռ˴
һ֮ʤ֣ΪԮҸȺϱشϢ

ֳɵ棬ֻܷᣬܶԱôչˡ
дڻأпеǶɳ˻أȻ˻صĿռ֮󣬰һռ˲Ƹ˹ȥ
һ޵ƽԭϣһߴĹڴϡ
ǰĿյϣѾۼ˲ǿߡ
Уϵǿ˲ƸϵȻԷأۼԼӪ
ԽԽ࣬˫һ𣬾ͳʮ֮࣡
һսΪĶҲֻгõóݡ
ǿߣȻΪλɴ˿񳬼ǿ
ܿ죬Ķ˽֣˭ãֶ˼ɣῪվˡ
ţ˫Ҫǿǳˡ
һСľͿһʰ
ݱսҲǲܵ顣
Ҳ嶼Ը⿴Ľ֡
ԣΪ˫й˼ɣԶŲŻһֱţûκһ
ڴʱϣͬһʱ両һ޴ͷ­Ӱ
ߣϸǱ۵ͷ
Ǳһһǧֻ۾ľ
ǧۣ㲻İɣۿʵ
ߣǲ򣬻ҪȡľҪҪڶʳǲɴָʤǧۿں

ڶʳǧۣҲʱŪĿڲˡ۲м˵
˴ȷֵġǧۺԥط
˴һȷֵģҲᡣЩûãҪ۵ؽ˴ͻϾҪΪƴǾڱҲĲĽɣת˻
ʵǧ۵˼ǣϷ˴˴أΪеľ޴
棬ֵͬģ໹嶼޷ݾ޴档
Ϊ濼òԷǩһϵԼͬǣƹͬ⴦ء
ԼҲ˲̵ʱ䣬ȷʵ˲棬ЭԼ൱ģͬҲгȥԼ
ǧ۾ٻ죬ֹۻеģΪһİĽпľ޴ͻᵼһϵӦ
ϣĬһƣҪؽɾĺˡ

ã˵νǧ۲òЭ
ţ취ܼ򵥣ƽ֣壬˭Կգ˵
ƽ֣ǧƵ૵дҪǶ̵Ļĵ̿˰ɣ
ϧǿϧ
ǧһƵҡԴǵûȥڡ
ЦЦƺǲ²⵽ǧ۵Ȱǧۣ㻹ûпһ룬˴Уһܹߵ󡣡
ʵϣ໹壬ȺĴдҲһЩ࣬Ǿ֤ĴǾˣΪʲôԪôѳأ
ԽԽõġ
ǧˣͷͷãƽ־ƽ֣Ӵд֮еõֻдУƽΣ
Ĳ־Ƕģ屾شڵû͸¶ȥ
仰˵£඼ûκʧ
۴֮УõʲôôǶǸӵģǶ׬ġ
̰Ĳ㣬»ʲô
ǱߣǼˣǲѡսҲѡϢͱȥȻȡ
ʧĻ档

һ粨׵ƽϢˣȫ̲һеֱͩص˻أ˼һ㡣
ȫֶԱӽûбҪġ
ϾҲαʦأ
ʦڣܹڳһʯٵļƣƵǱ߲òЭ
һ̸еͼɡ
սĿģĿս֮
ȡ˴дȫġ
ͩԴˣ޶ԣȤΪͩ˵ڶ˥֮٣ϾҪˣû̫ľȥ顣
ͩûרԼ顣
ͩطͩһǧʱͽԲľ硣
ֻǵһԪռܣ첽ƳռҲǱˡ
ͩͻƵʾ֮󣬾ͱ볢Դʼˡ
ռʱĽϣǻʼС
˵ڶ˥˷֮˥˥ٽ֮ʱͩżˡ
ʣµʱͩҲûɴཫ䣬ദ
ɽˮľ
֮Ƿɷٷɡ

ͩһûкκ˴кԼı
һڤڤ֮У汾Դռ֮Уһǿҵķɡ
ɷɣԵľʿķ
ȫ·ͬʱմһɸϢʼһЩ쳣ĳһɷʼȻʼ
ͩ˿̵ķӡǽһһĳһɷôʹһǱ̺ӡҲˡ
Ϊһ㣬ͩСûʮ֮һ
Ȼʮ֮һֻСˣ㲻ʲô޷ҡͩĸ
ǣֻѮʼѡ
˥ٵͷ·ˮһӿϵԽãͩԽǲ
ͷ·վ±ߣһ˸߹һ˵شȥƺվúܸߣᱻֻʱģվϵ˾ͻᱻɡ
ͩҪĲǵǷԽ˥٣Խ
ͩķ̫ۺˣ϶֮ϣ㹻һͬǿߡ
ǣЩãСǧ硣
ֹͩ˥ٵ÷Ǿ翪Сǧ磬֮еĺһա

ͩ˳ʶеڶ֮Уһ̣ͩʶƬ԰˼룬иı׳
ϾֻǶ죬磬ֻһλ棬λ档
ͩھŴؾ֮У˾컯ֶԿռ䷨ﵽ˴Բ硣
ļܹҲһ֪
ͩһ֮£ͩĶ쿪ʼ֮ͣеĺʼš
һմ½ƾնĴ½ܡ
ɽˮ֡ľһһɡ
ͩ컯ΪԼСǧԷ׹ⰵĴ컯ΪḻСǧĹܡ
һˮһ㣬
һʵӵеһУͩСǧ綼ʼһһ
ͩĶݻСǧĹ֮Уƺ룬һؿռγ֮С
ͬʱСǧ֮УҪǳӴ
ͩ洢ڶ֮еĺһ㡣
Ȼϣڶ֮еķڼٺ챦ʯ˵ڶ˥ķ֮ҲԽԽС

ͩԼֹŷķɣֹһʼԵֵڵܹǿסŵѾ൱ˡ
ʱƣͩס˥ٵķֽ֮׶Ρ
һ׶ΣҲСǧݻĹؼʱڡ
ͩҪвȻǷ˥߶³
Ϊʲôʱմͳе·Ҫ֪֮ǧ棬Ψһ¶ģֻʱմ
⾿Ϊʲôأ
𰸺ܼ򵥣ΪʱմǴռ֮
ʿҪ֮磬һ棬ҲʿС档棬ÿһԪͻһΣõļ֮磬ΨԼСǴǧشﵽ飬ѼԪĿġ
ʿ޵ʲôǵĸԼС档ԣʿѼԪ֮󣬾ͻὫԼԼС֮УӴҲ졣
ɵʿǵĸԼٵСǧ硣СǧɳΪǧ磬Ȼٽ֮ȡ֮УǧϣΪͻɴǧ硣
ɵʿ֮ѼԪ

Ա֮ܽ£ʿ賬ѼԪ֮ʱ棬ΪС棬ȻԼС֮У𣬳ѼԪ
ɵʿ˳һ£ǽǧݱɹ֮֮ѼԪ
Ҳй֮ͬǾ֮
ɵý֮ܳѡ
һͿԿСǧǶôҪ
ͩھǴؼ׶ΣǳѼԪĵһҲȱٵһһ˵ڶ˥֮˥֮£Ȼ
˥Կֽ٣ҲԿǻԵû˥ı޲ߣͩҲܽô죬ѾʼѼԪļʵء
ͩ뷨֮˥ڽֽ׶Σڼ䣬ͩԵظо뷨֮˥ĶԾ֮£ԼķԪʼ˷ļ
һԪĻôԶ׼ġ
Ϊʱ·ľҲвİΣ
ͺͩ˿ܵ˺Ԫһ
ʡǵںһġ
һҲܵ˺νһ
ãΪӰ쵽ʵӡ
һĳһ룬ʹ˵Ҳһ룬Ȼ˵ԼóȥķӡǣͷֻʣһˣʵȻ½ܴһء


456  
ܹͩƵķڼѵص˥ķɣΪڶĽȡ㹻ʱ䡣
ͩڶ죬ڷ츲صı仯ԭڶ֮еĺѸٱġ
ͬʱͩڶҲѸٵسСǧɳš
Сǧ粢һ磬ȴӵһӦеתͩСǧͩľŴ򹹽ȥģȻԲĿռ䷨
һҪöࡣ
СǧͲǴͩôˣĳһصĿռγ֮С
˥Ƕʱܹɹģܳһʱ䣬ʱһ㶼ڼʮϣֻ˵˥һЩ
ͺ֮ⷨ˥һɵʿķֲһȫɡ
£ʿܹһûбɵķȥֿ
ȻֻααķĿľΪ˥ȫɵʱ䡣
Ͼܿ˥ٷֻ֮ʮʱͻѶɽ֮˵ķȫɡ
Ļ԰ʱ
Щȡʱ䣬ֻҪ㹻ʱ䣬ʿСǧϣͿԵ֮Կ֮˥
Ƕɹ֮˥

ͩ׼ûа׷ѣĻۣԼŴؾ컯ͩɹڶ쳯Сǧ
ͩҪľǼ̣ұǷ֮˥ȫ֮ǰɡ
һȻ
вٸ컯ڶҲʼĶɽʿΪʱ·֮˥ȫ淴ɣ
ЩʿЩû컯ʿҪӱһЩɹֻһˣȴ˳ɹżǰ档
ɵһκε·ܹڹ͡ǰǼ仰
ʿ޵׶ξѾܹ㳤ˡ
ɵʿ۷壬˵ϳ
ͺ˥һ㣬ÿ겻ȶһٽ١
ɲһҲ
ֽܳûжɹȴܹҴ
˳Ҳ޷ʧ֮˵䡣
תʱո
ΪǴķɣʿǴӸϱĨɱˡ
ͩڶΪ޴ԽСǧʱСǧҲСȥ˽ѶȲСʮֻʱ䡣
Ϊܹ˳ɽ٣ֻܹͩԼеٽĹ̡

Ҿɵʱ䣬ָһЩ
ͩСǧݻٶҲȷʵ൱죬һƣǿԼƵĻмʱҲټ
ܹ㣬գۼǰĽȣ
ͩСǧһ־̾ٶݱͽš
繹ܡ編תȵһжԾ˵ٶš
ڴͬʱͩԭ洢ķ֮ҲѸʧš
֮ѸʧҲ֮ͩ˥˻á
ͩҲɱȾһ㸯Ϣҿӻԭ
ͩǾ˵һ˥׼֮㸯Ϣ޷Ӱ쵽ͩ
ͩڹСǧʱ򣬶ҲڲͣӣҲʹͩʶһһΡ
ݸ飬ڿʲôֻҪɹ˽٣ݸͩ۸ʵҲһβС
ҪˣͩһŶλͥ
һŹξطͩĸ˳еĻôһλͥȻڸǿ

˥ٽ٣֧ͩš
ʱˮһߡ
ʮʱգ֮͹ȥˡ
ͩ˥پȻڳУ˿ͩôȫ˳߳ɣ˳ɵӡ
Ҳ˵ͩ˿ֻʣһ㾻ûݣһ㾻Ҳ˥ɣǴͩˡ
ֻڵ̫ͩ˵ҲǼΪġ
ʱ˥ٵάһƽ׶Σͩ޷ʹ֮ɢ˵ڶ˥Ǻ֪
ʵϣΪ˵ͩҲаġ
һ׶ͩҲʱһ£ܹƿ£ʹСǧı仯ؼӿ졣
ȻͩԼҲ뷨ǳףо仰Ͷҽ
ʱͩСǧҲ׶Σֻʱͺѽ綨ˡ˵գۼ䲻ˣҲ˵Ҫʮꡣ
ͩôżҲûãֻܹͩƽľȥȴ
֮䣬ȴɵƿصĸоǳĥ˵ľ
ûмߵʣûһżᶨĵģҪǼΪ׵顣
һҲڼĥһʿĵġ

֮ڼӴͩò׹ķߣ𽥱
ֹ֮꣬˥ͩųɵķֻͩʣССһˡ
ؽӴͩʱܵļ尾˵֮ġ
ûܹȻͩҲʼܲס֮ĥ
ʱͩ·Ƶ±ϣֻҪǰһΪĸԭͩµĿǰٷ֮ʮϡ
ͩվʮ·ڱߣ˵վ˻Ȫ·㣬һԻع˼䣬һʹ̤˻Ȫ·
ͩʱֻһ֮ң
벻ͩݺһȻ
뷨һʱ֮䲻ӿðеķҲʼĽ׶Ρ
ͩɴһУͬʱ֮Уԣһ䣬Ծͻᷢͳȥ
˥ĽȺͱ仯ֻе˲֪޴֪ġ
Կⲿڶ˥֮١
ͩ˵ڶ˥ֻһ֪һֱעصıҲ֪֮һ
ͩһУֱٵʱ

·תһˣͩڵСǧһ̽ϣͩ岻סزһ¡
磬·ףһ㣬һԵĳעͩڡ
ɳһӳ嵭ͩڵĸ֮
һص֮ͩСǧ֮תʼͩڵķ֮
ͩҲ¶һЦݡ
ͩҲһ̾գ̫ˣָоҿ治ˡ
뷨ͩԼҲ֪ٺ˥һαһο£ͩԼҲ˵Ķɹ֮ǻĸо˵¾
ɵȻǵļߵøԶ
ͩ˿ǽҶɹ˽٣˿̵ζӳ£ݡ
֮Ȼǿ󣬺ܿͽʿķ֮˥⡣
ͩķһѣɹشԪ룬Ϊ֮һʱ䣬ͩķغ񣬸ӾͬʱıҲ޽ɵķ
ͩľɹؽʼ𣬳Ϊ½ʡ
ϧҲλ׶Σһνûͩı
ֻеͩλ߾ʱ򣬲Żһν

ͩȻɹ˵ڶ˥ȴûϳأᣬͩгڱչصĴ㡣
Ϊոնɹ˵ڶ˥ͩһʵķԾڣõúõĻȫܳһĽ
ͩʽ׶εȡ
ͩɲЩʿдѴѵʱԻӻ
ͩԴ˥Ĵ˵˥ͻڶǸʱͩûдﵽ۷ʵľ磬ھ͵ˡ
˵һ˥˵ڶ˥ÿһ޲֮ͩʹޱȣûмᶨĵģͩͱˡ
·˵Ȼ磬ʵҪķҲǳ޴
˵ڶ˥֮οٽʱֻ˶̶ʱѡ
ͩҲֻ˶̶Ĺأͳˡ
ıչأͩʵֻǾȴ
ʿʵ뾳أҲоߣʵȴǿ֡
ͳͩ½׵ʿϡ
ȻĲʵеô
ԣͩʵ»ͣ۷Ľ׶ΣҲܹʽײ֮ϲǿˡ
ΪʶȲ۷ʵǿ

ͩ칫һˡͩոճûжãյ˱۵ٻ
ͩûп̫࣬Լıͳص˾칫Ҷȥ
ͩҲǵһˡ
ԣܿͩ˰칫ǰ˴š
Զһɡ
̤ͩ˽ȥĵԶرˡ
ͩ˱Ӱǰͩۡ
ɡ΢Цк
лۡͩһλ¡
̸֮ǰҪϲɹ˵ڶ˥볤ֽһ˵
Цˣڳĵ·ţȵϴĶǿߡͩǫ˵˵Ż˱԰һƨ
ɹ˵ڶ˥㣬Ͼʹʼ˵ǱԼʦҪһһ磬Ŀ˵ʤˡ۲пһǺԼʾͲȥˡϧûúѵõĺûᣬõһЩĴС
Եǿ󡣡ͩҡͷ̾

һǿ㵹ǿ÷ǳȻۿ̾
˥·һɽѹͷܿһЩˡͩ̾
˥棬ͨѶȣɵ֮;̫ʷ߲٣ܹ˥֮ٵĿе˺ϵżϣеȴʧȥ˺ϵĻᣬ޴㻹𣿡٩٩̸
Ҳ֪ʵǲûģ˥ҲֹѹǴҲôҲôԣ̸ĵʱ仨ڻۺ׼档ͩػش
˵ʵͩѾɹ˥٣ÿһζ£Ҫ˵Ķɹ˥ǿ϶֮˵
ʵϣͩŲ˵оеġ
ܺã٣ĽĻۺͰٷٵ׼棬̸Ҫ̤ʵöࡣۺεس޵
˵ʵʱûλ߲ս˥ʿʾԵľ
Ҳ⣬ǵ͵һһߵλϣҲƾʶ㱡ˣȻͩʿʾ


457  뿪ս
ˣһһҷɴ뿪սعʱҲãҲ˷ʱˡȥ֮ʦᰲĺ̡۵ͷ˵
˵ʵڻûߺսͩ׶εĽô졣ûһսͩ׶εͬô˳
ʽ׶Ҳͬͩѡһʺϵܵرͩȡ
ӵк̨ĺôԴбָʹͩ·
ûжãֻͩüһЩϵһ𣬾ɴ뿪ս
һ뿪ĳԴ󵺵ս
һ·ƽصִ½أһǽϽĿոۡ
ȥͲɴˡ
ֻܿԼɹȥ
ͩ˷ɴȻǷȥ
ͩٶȲԳռУ첻͵ǡ
سǵͩӰȡ¡
ǵڴȻһλڳſӭӣҴ˲ˣǶ۵ĵӣתĴܼңƽ

ձݣλƽͩʦ
ʣ·ʦ֮رӭƽȭһ
лƽӭĳɲҵͩػ
ҲΪ֪ͨһʽ֮󣬿һСƽش
ͩһ˼شлƽ棬ĳᾡݻᶫǰġ
ƽҲûٶ˵ת뿪˴˵ء
ͩҲֱӻصԼıԼİ½Сǧ統ȥָһ̻޽һЩʩ
ܷܲСǧһֱȥɣ
ͩȺһͨɱЩǷȺɱ
ȻɱͲͩƵˣͩս֮ϵսƷ
һӾƽһծ
Ҫ֪ɱҪһ֮ڳ塣
ֻͩʮ겻ͳһҵծĻծٶ൱ˡ
ֻͩһͨСǧת½ޣϼ峤鷿
ҵһʱ֪ͨ˹硢ȼŮ

õϢĹ硢һ檷ͷ飬һʱϻؼҡ
һͿͩЦеڴλϡ
˼ɵ˹ȥ
ޣʸôɣȻܺ͹޶ŸɣֻһĽӭͬʮּ
Щˡͩ̾
࣬˥֮ˣĵʵ
Ϊ˳ضɹ˵ڶ˥ͩ˵
ǲ˵һλˣޱȾȵؽе
ģ
ʣ찡
Ŷ찡
һ檱ʾȺ;̾ϲ֡
ԼˡүΪʣϼȻһ֮У
Ϣһ˿ϼ޷ΧڣҲΪ֮һ
ֲرǼģһƽϿԿ塣
Щǵطֲͼ֮Сһﵽ֮ͿʼתʼڸӴ档
ļԽǷչ׳󣬵ۼ֮󣬾ͻΪĻ󣬳Ϊִߣǰ䡣

֮ϣǳ
ĳֻӶᡢ߿Ƽ˾ˡ
һƿľº鱨һƿĿƼзһƿľýڡ
߶໥棬໥ͬŽ
֮µĶж٣ǾͲ֪ͩˡ
ϵļ֮Իתĳ̶ֳ˵ҲΪȺʵʵء
Ϊֻδ֪ܹﵽⲿжĿġ
ͬʱҲûĸɵ¶
ֻֻصԳһЩѡ
ǲҪ˵̫ˣ˥ÿһʱͻһ˥٣һٱһѣңҲ֤һ˥֮£ԣӣҪʼ㣬һ˥֮£Ա֤ܹȥ˳Ҳûϵͩδѵ˵
˵ɵôأΪЩǣҲط
һ֮õһӦ֧֡

ãããұ֤ҲһᾡȫƴףҲᱻ˥򵹡ͩһ̣ӿ޵ģΪǹһˣǣңмңҪΪԼļ㣬ͩκ
״֮£ͩΪͩΪԼţΪ˼˺ͼҶš
ͩڼһ£һۺĵ֮ͩһڼ
ȻͨСǧתصǡ
ͩԼұ֮󣬾ĵĳȥ
ϥһڿռ֮Уʶɢ֮£һжֹģʱռ䡣
ؼΨһ׾λΰĶۡ
ƽ֡ۺȻ֮ͣռһָֻƽ
ƽŶ룬ͷʦкηԸ
ȥſڣʵ۵Ȼ˵
ǣʦƽȥˡ
ƽǶ۵ĴӣҲǹŵӣڶ۵֮е壬ôֻһغڶߡ

ΪʲôأΪ±ݣΪ˽ʦصʦ˵ĻᶨƵȥ
ҲˣܹæµĹ֮£ܹ۷ľ磬񣬴ڶߣʱʱʱݣҲܹɵؽ۷
۽ȣȽҪö࣬۵ʱ䣬ͱȽҪٵöˡ
ܵ˵ĽٶȻ൱Ѹٵġ
ƽĴſڣƼͩԶ˹
ƽȻϴһĨ΢Цͩкʣʦ롣
ƽ·ˡͩȭһ
ͩʵĴ֮£ܿ˶۵֮
ȥɣʦ档ƽһơ
лͩͷ̤롣
ͩһ·һʱһ㡣
Ƭʱպܴ󣬴ͩĽǶȿԿԶһ޴ӰԶİ֮С
۵壬ͩʶӴͺ嫡
ͩݼۡͩʮֿһ
ۺͰؿڵһЩ˰ɡ

ˣҪףΪһпܴ˥֮ٵˣȻʸĽ״бΪˣҾΪ㽲꣬ҪˡûиͩǺᣬʼ
աʼĽʵϽøʱ䷨
ͩ˵ʣʵϣȫϵ»ʡ
ֲôأǱߣִﲻʵľ硣
ԭ򲢲Բ²⣬ڵΪ˵ڶ˥ԵʣʹΪڳʼٿ
ڣ񾧵ͩСΪͩʱĸȡ
ϵʱͿռǿߣֻʹǿ߲ǿӹ
һʾַ򵽳֮󣬲ܹ֮Ϊʡ
ԴƣͬﵽСɾ֮ܳΪʡ
ͬﵽ״Բľ磬ͿԳ֮Ϊʣֱ֮Ϊ۷ʡ
ڵʱǿײֻ֣Ϊŵ£۷ʾǳս֮ǿĴڣȺ֮еͬʱҲһܱǿߡ

ͩڵһʶ㲻ϡ
Ȼɵɵ˥ȴָƣ֪Ҫ˵˥Ҫذ֮һǳΪ۷ʡ
ʱռ䣬Բ磬֮ͩ
ԣͩڶ۵ĵأʮѵãͩڶ۲Զ֮ŬԣػΪС
һǶʮ꣬ʮ֮һͣͩ˵˴ξͽԺÿʮ꣬ʮꡣΪ㾡գ˵Ķر񱮶ʮΡȥɣõС
ͩˣһжϲһ˵лۣˡ
ͩ뿪˳صԼұչ꣬ĳأػķ񱮶ȥ
¥ǰǰʯʨӣҪǰк
һʯʨԼ˹ͩ¶һЦ˵ϲ㣬벻һëͷСӣ쾹Ȼ˱
ǰ˵ЦˣЩҲɶİҲĽˡͩػ

ѾӵȺ֪ͨжʮѵĲᣬˣΪ˶İɣʵ
ˡͩҲû̹Ȼϵ
ȥɣʱ񱮵ûӣպˡݸͩһͨмʱơ
ͩӽȥˡ
ҵʱ䷨ң˽ȥ
ʱ䷨Ĵ£ʱͣʱ١ʱ䵹ʱѭ
ʱֹͣѾˣʱҲˣֻһ㡣
߽ͩʱٵңʼʱ䷨
ڷ񱮵Ĺᶥ֮£ͩڶõ޷ĵطһӾˡ
һ֮䣬ͩʱ꣬Ѿȫʱ١
ͩ˰£߽ʱ䵹Ĳҡ
ֻǲʱ䵹ĽȾͲôˡ
Ǿ仰ռ䷨ʱ䷨ųԣӰͩĽȡ
ټѻɬҲȥ
֪ͩԼʱ䲻ˣʽ׶ε׶θѸ
֮ͩУҲһʵǾʱ䷨ռ䷨ųԱͩɹڶ˥֮ǰҪС˺ܶࡣ
˵Ȼų⣬ҲܹͩĽٶȿɱͩ껨һʱʱҪõ̫ࡣ
ټͩжΪԼСзٶȱֻܿԼȥ֪Ҫ϶ٱ
ͩҲϧʮεĲᣬһҲԼһһΡ


458  һ
ʮʱһξ͹ȥˣͩõ˶۴ĶʮѲᡣֻǽǰʮ궫۽ݸ˶ѡ
֪ͩɺϣǶԤϵʱ䣬ʵ̫׼ˡ
ڶνͩһ
ԭ飬Ӧͩʦ۳ͩģڶԳ
ⲻò˵Щܹվ۷壬쵼һ۷ǿǣÿһųԽ˵ؽǡ
ǿǵĲڸ棬ֻϵ֮վĸ߶ȸߣҲԶ
һ룬Ƕ۵״ӣҪ۽һεҲǼΪ׵顣˵ͩ㣬ΪСʮ꽲һΣһΡ
˫ۣͩһۣ˵úܿ졣
һʱ䵹Ҳͩľȣʼ
ͩѹеľȣȫĵ
۽ǽѣʱ𵴣ͩʵʱ䵹ľͰ
˭֪Ϊﵽۼ֮󣬾ܹʩչʱתĴͨ
ʱ䵹һд֮ͨУȱٵķ¡

ʱתȥڵ˻ʱգͨתط򣬶ʩչߵķ൱
۸ʩչһЩۣҲʩչִͨΪǷɾˡ
ԹΪͩ
ͩҲţҲۣȴǼĵȥ˼֮Ŭȥǡ
ʮĽգۼ͹ȥˡ
ȥɣʮʱһͽ˽ͩȥ
ǡͩһת˳˴
ſڲԶƽһкͳ˳
ͩصԼļңңչ
ֻǵؿԼչЧôá
ԣͩǧȺֵһ˶ʮβ񱮵Ļᡣ
ͩȺֵ࣬Ҳͼѡ
Щֵͩսһġ
ԻȺֵʿеȨ
ʱ˵㹱ֵ֧ͩá
Ȼֽ׶ζͩ˵ʱ䷨Ҫ顣

ʱܿ͹ȥˣͩÿʮȥ۽һΡ
һνŽãͩδػζһȻųһǴΰݵл۽̵ġ
ȥɣг̣ȺѾźˣչؽ֮Ҫ֮ʱȥƽְɣΪ㰲һеġ۵ͷƽ˵
ͩٴһĬĬ˳ȥ
ԭƽϣ¶һοı飬̾˥棬ߴһٲѣѣѰҲʱԪʱе֮ףԪȴΪ˴˵ҲΪǰ̫˳˰ɣ
ͳʱھŴ󳬼˲ټԪһλԪ׶ûг֡
ϵļλԪ֮׷źճ
ԪֻǳѼԪĵһ׶Σһ׶εʿֻܹŸԪŸԪ֮ڣ޷Ϊ׼ôҲֻͬź
ΪļλϵļԪ֮ŻȺ۲ʱ
ггͳΡ
սʹ۷Ⱥû

ͩ뿪˳֮󣬰Ϲأؼұչһ£Ȼ͸ȥ񱮡
ͩ񱮵˴ӶĺôЩȫȫػΪԼĸ
ͩڣֻ˶̶İʱ䲻ͳɹʱ䷨
ͩľҲ˳һʵļ
ûдһס
ͩԿռ䷨ĸѾﵽ˴Բľ磬Ƕʱ䷨ĸ򻹴ڳĲζѡ
Ǿ޴Ľ
̶İ꣬ͩͿԽ۷ٳٶ޷Խż
˵Ƶ۷磺Լͩʦǵ͡
Ƕʹﵽ۷ľ磬ȴһʵżϣٳûа취ͻơ
ͩʦǺҵƿͻƷչͻȥˡ
Ҫ֪һƿǿ˽ټꡣ
ͬҲ
һѣǳѡ
Ƕ۽ǣǾܹͻƵġ
ܹͩ˳ؿһҲΪ۵Ĺ͡
۵ĽԼ񱮵ĸһжֻǴ߻ѡ

ҪԭΪͩɹ˵ڶ˥ǰĹؿƿ͵ڱǰɨˣԣֻҪܹͩ綼һ
Ϊ˽ʡͩʱ䣬ԣ۲ŻΪͩ꣬ȴֳΣмʮ꣬ȻͩʱȥҪﵽЧȻġ
۽ĴǿҵĴ߻ͩʡ˼ǧʱ䡣
׿ʱռųУͩǳ˳ûƿأƿҪԼȥƣһβΣβΣȥһĥ
ҲʽĲ֮ͬ
ͩɹؽһʣȥƽ˵ƽȺΰҵг̣
ͩԼҲ벻ʺܹǱٶһ١
ûа취ͩ뾲Ϊʱ䲻˰
֪ȥڱ
޵ڱŪ
ȥΪɽٶΪȥɽ١
̬

أҪ죬Ȼٲһĥϣֻսĥ³ǿ߰ɣƽЦһʵ
ս֪ƺûʲôսʺİɣֵͩʵһ뵱ųãʵ۷Ľ׶ΣǸʱߺսٵԼ
һսѾսֵͩĴָһսͩӿصеĸؾرǷؾˡ
֮£ǰߵĽٶȾˣ߸ƽ
ûǺ֮ս漰ĲΣҲǸ̫ˡǺҵĻλĲΣ˫ˡƽ˵
磬棬ҵƽʵ
ͩ⻰ʱȻʣʵ˵ǳս
νǳսָľͳս
Ϊ廥ΪСС
֮˼ԪɲһģλεսǶΪ¾ӢһĬսǿߣһûҲǳǵǳǵְҲǺͶͬǿƴԼӪ׼䲻֡

֮Уսٲ˵ģңߵս֮սˡ
ǿǰҲûвͽȥһս
ֲεսӺ󣬸ӿ£
һսǼǧǼʮλ䣡ʼߣģĶ
ֲεս棬ʿҲ
֮սռʥ򼶵Сʿʿ
Ա֮£ǳսĹɾ͸ߵöˡ
ΪĲѣǳս֮ϣҲפ˾¹۲ԱһЩԸԸݼս
ΪͩȻ䵱Ը߼ǳսɲ˵ġ
֮Σյսû֮һ
ֲս֮ϣߣʲ繷ֻ۲ܶһ
ֶӻ֮£ܹͩôȻһʵıڡ
ͩıһǼֱ񶼵סĿֲٶȡ
Ȼջܴͬķͬ޴
ֶͩӵĻ֮£Ӧ˶ǿߣǸɴ൹ùײۼĵˣ̫ˡ
˵õ˥٣ͩǰƨˡ

˵ˣҸ㰲һǰǳսͲ佢˳Ҵȥˡƽ˵
ȻأҵǱߣֱܲӺڻսɣͩǱһҲ⣬ͩȴ֪ս֮УҪս֮УмԲ١
Ǻǣ㵽ǱߣȻˡƽЦش
ͩһƺûҪ̹׵˼ͩҲȥˣŵͷȻֱɽǰ·
ƽгһɱķۡ
ϴƽһ˴ͷ
ͩҲȥ
ۣǷɱǶɱͩʵ
ɱǣҵأֻǷɱѣһĹߡƽҡͷЦ
ͩ˵ͷûˡ
ͩҲһɱǻϵɱ
ٶȱҪöֻ࣬Ǽɱһ㣬Դ˳˿ͩ͡˫ֻܹͩһʹãȻٶȿ϶ɴҪöࡣ
˫ķɱ;һиŵ㡣

ʱƽͩ͵һܿոۡ
ո۵ĸ֪ƽԵϽ֪˳ӭƽǰƽ
ţλʡƽܵ
ո۵ĸ˲һ˽ѣʶƽ֣ȻƽôҲ
ͩͲһˣ̫죬˻ûͩϢûʮ꣬ͩʹʼ̫ͬʱͩʹ棬Ҳָϲ֮
ּμʱ¡ּȵʺҪ֪ʺٳ棬Լ
ɴ׼ôƽʵ
ƽɴ׼ʱԳּϽش
ϴɣͲˡƽּһȻתͷͩ˵;ǧһ𡣱أڡ
򵥶ϡ
һڵġͩͷ
ּһ̬ȻһԾصȴλ˵Ļ
ͩƽ֮󣬾ڲָּ·֮£˿ոͣƺϣ۵ľһҳ׵ľ޴ɴ
ׯϣĴҫ֮£һѪĸо


459  ǳս
Ϊһ佢ĽϵҲݣȻȲּ֪Ҫöࡣ
ͩ
ԣͩһϴԹк
ʣ塣ҽܵ
ˣһ·ϾͰˡͩҲػ
ϣʵȷʵһЩôദ֮䣬˫ƽȵġ
֮ˣΪмʮȴᳬ
Ҳʵλ
Ϊʲôʵôأ
ͩҲǴƽ֪һЩԭ
ʵӵеļʮȥ࣬ʵϣд󲿷ֶǳЩ֮У඼Ϊڸ߼׶ΪԵԭ򣬷ǳҵͻƳΪ
ЩǱϺľˣǴǲȥһ½Ĺеػ½ְͬʱҲϵ塣
ǳҲС֮УдȺһûأ
һʮŶŵס֮а˳ϵ塣

ȻҲд½פǳҲͬġ
ʣҪΪһʣһʣҲȺ֤ԼмǱ
ǱʻǶи߽׵ȻͻõȺԴб
˵ˣи߽ĵλźʵĵλ޼
ǰ͵һȡ
ɴܿˡ
ͩһϤ֮󣬾ͻصרΪ׼Ĺҡ
ͩʹˣ佢ԳռеٶȣҲҪʮŻᵽĿĵء
ҷɴϣ˹Ա֮⣬ֻһԱ
ʮʱ䣬ͩܲܵһΰɣ
ԣչѵѡ
ͩΪ֮֮ǰطʱˣֵͩ¿ǣǽطԴһƵķš
첽Ųͩռ·սƶ
Ԫռܣͩʱձ֮еķԴĿռط
УԪռȻ㹻ռ䡣
Ͼͩʱձ֮еģֻǵʱͩˮƽޣֻܴռķţʱķͨ

ͩԽʱķȻŷط֮УͿԽΪʱط
첽ͬҲĿܣֻԪռܸӺķʱ䡣
ƳȺطѾȫʱˣͩҲλͥǿȺط
ͩǴƳĺϳһµʱȺط
ǵԶ̾ѻĹͩ˼ãѾüĿ
֣Ҫͩôʱȥơ
ԣǶ̶̵ʮ꣬ͩҲҪ
ɴڽ߿պ֮󣬾ͼٽ˳ռ䣬ֱسǳսȥ
գۼ䣬ʮʱҪȥˡ
ͩǰЩչأջ̫࣬ԪռܵǳɹΪԪʱնܡ
˶ܵãʱ䷨֮κιڽӽ˶֮ǰͶᱻʱ䷨Ӱ죬һϵȻŻᱻԪռɡ
ʱ䷨֮֮ǰӼ̡
ͩڶŻʼʱķϵɱķ
ͩĵһŻʼȻλͥһС

ʱշ֮Բȡ
ٱö࣬õȼݣ˵ʱĻַʽʺ
ͩһŴ֮ͨĪ⣬Թ
ʮʱ䣬Ҳֻˡ
ͩǰ˼˿ҡ
֮У֮⣬жʮЭٿŷɴеĸϵͳ
֣洬һŹ⣬Ƿţɴѯʵ
šվ˴ŴǲҪġ
ҵĴſͩ˽
ʣмҪˣҲȥ֪ͨģ벻µԼˡͩͷк
ҲǹʱҲˣųˡͩ˵
˸¡
ͩʵҵǺ棬ҪʲôʣǳսǱߣƺ̫Ĺϵɣ
ڸͩ͵ǺǣһҴʣҪҩԼһЩսʡ˹ȥ󲿷ֶǽ׸ģһ֧Ԯǵʡ
ͩˣʱ˹

ʴ˴ȥǳսҲвս˼ɣʵ
ǵģ棬ֻʺҵʿȥɣͩͷش
ôʿɵСˣǳսսǿȷǳ£ϵĵ˾ûл͵ĿܣȻָꡣɲǺ֮սܹġѵ
ͩȻףսĬսߺսʱΪͻﻹάһĬƽ⡣
ǳս֮ϣܴνĬƽ⡣
˫ֻҪϣһûеڶֿܡ
ԣǳսսɱ¾ս
֮Уٿսͻҵķӣͩ㣬ŲòƴɣһƳĴڣǲҪ֮֮ս
ǣⲢ֮óס
һϸؽ˵ͩǳսΣҲһŵ˽ˡ
ǳսս˫ʴսƣֳɼݴΣǰһֲˣһݴβϣȻѸټһӡ
սֻսۺ֮ıƴ

󣬷ɴӳռ֮гˡ
ˣ½ǳ½ָŷɴ֮½˵
šͩ˵ͷʾԼˡ
Ϊʲôᵽ½أ
Ϊɹع˳½ڴ½Եռһͷɹذսյ˳½
ǲһ
һҲԿ֮սԵöô΢ˡ
սǷһЩı߾ϣ˫ĬûпԷ
ģ嶼˳ռݵĴ½ֱҪ˳
岻ƴŹˡ
ͺĳһҹһҵĹ֮УһռһƬĿġ
֮£һܲȫ濹ս
ˣǰߵս¾Դݱ
״ۿǰս𣿡ͩʵ
ԣΪƬսɨŲţһ״ɨ趼Чͺŵȫ״ֱ׵ػش
ʲô鲻սϢԴȫ죿ͩŹֵʵ
ǵģָŲ֮£ĿƼȫΣƵĿƼ޷ʹáش

ͩ׵ص˵ͷҲΪμڣӺͻеĿƼչŻܵԼ
֮УС壬ǵչ֮ĻеƼӿƼ
ǵǷչ֮ȴԼĿƼչ·߾ȻЧˣǲǱ硣
ĿƼǳǿ󣬵µľҳ潫սĲǿµ
ڿ½һξƺ֮Уһ޴ĸջС
˵ǰػأͬʱҲǺڱġ
ڷɴջеʱͻȻ֮ӵһͨѶ롣
ⲿͨѶ룬Ƿ룿һƿͨѶʳƷһλԱڻ㱨
ӰɣѻŵĻϡûκԥͬˡ
һ˵ӰڴĻϣ̬ǳƣҲ״̬˫˫ţֻϰԵذںĽɫ֮С
ԭ΢Цк
ˣҲ֣ƾʶǿ߲֡
ּܸˡǿޱ飬ֻóָ˵ĺС

ףλǣֵͩʵ˵ˣһܻλϵǿѺ͡
޼ɵѡͩȭһ
ʣƺ˵ϸһ룬ͩ
ϣڱֳ˾ȵɫӿ˵ԭǴʣˡ벻Ҽ档
ɵѿˣĳҵͩػ
ˣǽ֮еʱɣϽǰŽ㡣е
Ǿ޴ĸջУķɴۿڶǳš
ЩɴеԼ佢˱ֻһЩ彻õĸ߼ͳĴʡ
֮ǳæ
ΪҪЭøĽȺҪ㵽Ͳòһǿ
Щۿڵ߳١
õģϡţǧ߰ʮŽոտճ䵽Ķ죬ܿͷһ䡣

ָոտճĽ㣬϶ɴŶӵģǶȨķɴȽ䡣
ϿǸͩӣʵϣĻӡ
Ͼ
ͬΪķɴʲô
䣡ĲȻĴԱȥֻҪˡ
һ֮һ֮Ǿȥݷڴפľ¹۲վǰۡ˵
פλ񼶱ǰܣͩȵʵ
ʲôѵҪˣ忪ս
ôܣԲܣ
ֲɵܹ֧֮Ԯһ»УҪǳಲǸܡ
ƾʲôƴ
ȻͬҲǳ֮һ
Ǻǣ֣ʲôطս֮ϵǰߴӪǳߡ֪ģͬǵĸȺפ˶ʮλϵ۴ܣмŪɫͩ͵
ͩˣҲȷʵΪ⣬ʮλϵ۴ܣȻΪһֱʾǾ޴
ͩȻжλ۴ܣͩӦòᳬλ
פ˶ʮۣǰأ


460  һ
۲սսģ֪ˡ
ɳһλѹס٩٩̸Ǹɣǰʦ棬ۣ
ͩˣҲЩϲʦ澹Ȼڴˣѹ֡ѹƽǵʱֵֹġ
һķӭ˹˵ʣ˼ʵ̫æˡ
ˣɲʲôϡͣõԹ˵Ц
㵱ȻϡͣʾͲһˡתͷͩЦ
̫ˣʲôϡͩ͡治ҵʲôϡͣĹʵ̫ˣһսҪ֪߳١
طʻҳΪ۲εĴ
ˣЦˣ˵һ£Ҫȴȥۡɫһ࣬˵
ͩע⵽֮ʱҲ¶𾴵ɫ
Ȼͬ̿ԣǿߣǿߡ˳֮ǿߣǶǷĵȥء
Ȼͳܳһʱ䣬ʱڱǲġ

ͩһ𣬾뿪ոۡ
ͩ˻еԶͨĳȥ
Уǵظ߹ֵʵá
ÿһǳƯǳۡ
ڸгš
ҵܼ򵥣ǽ͵פذ´Ȼȥۡ˵һתƽ˵оǣСһЩս֮ϣʲôΣնУҪǿŲҪģͳ֮սϵ󣬲Ҫ̫ƴˡ
ллͩ˵ͷͬƽƽ֮УζС
ʮӺͣһׯ԰ǰ档
ׯ԰λеĺ򣬱ΧĽׯ԰Ӿ¹ҲӺ
ׯ԰ȷһ鱮дפ¹ݵһ´
ҴŴλվڣ
ĹȷʵǻҪߡ
վڵֻ񣬶ֱӾǸ߽
߰ɣǽȥͩׯ԰ȥ
λŵĿбӵؿͩһۣջĿ⡣
ֻҪȷ࣬ǾͲ

˵ˣλվڣҲΪػȫΪ԰档
Ц۴λܹػʲôȫ
ﻹǰߴӪĸܵҰ
һе뾳ϵͳǳȽܹģǿֲӡ
߽ͩׯ԰ׯ԰
̤һӴ
һλӭ˹ˡ
ţλʣشѾˣȥ۰ɣһҪ죬Ͳȥˡתͷͩ˵ȥɣҾ͸ˣҾͻ᷵Ǻڡ
ڡͩȭһ
ʣ룬н˾ʹȥӴȻͷǰ·
ͩ棬ǰԺ
ȥɣ͵λϹش
ͩ˵ͷ̤˽ȥ
ԺĴһŨй˳
һ硣
ȻȻܴöһλǿߣҪͨաʥ򼶱ʿһ磬Խȫηˡ

ɡһϤڴ˳
ͩȷȥˣ̤ݡ
¹
ڱж죬̨ͤ¥󣬸ɽˮԡ
ԶһɽϣЦݵؿͩ˵ˡ
ͽͩݼʦ档ͩһ
ţһ֮УɾߣĸߣòۺĿ佱֮
ͩſԡ
㲻ʦĽѧˮƽж٣úܡ˵ˣһʦţڸˡ˵н죬Сʦ·֮󲿷ֶԼŬġ㲻ҪԼĳɹƸˣҲҪǵ㹦͡۴ͩĻӿ˵
ǡͩһ£ͷӦ
˥档һ·ͬʱҲһ֮ͨԴ½µĴʱûһλͨ·еѶȣûо޷ͣҲܸ͡·˭ɿֻԼܹģֻǸָһõⲿõֵ۳̾һ

ͩĬûзԡ
ȥϢɣЩ챾ὫԸ֤ȥκεָѧģҲѧˣʣµĿԼȥԼһҸ棬սϵÿһˣͬʱսսģǿڵ֮УԳƵϵһۿ˵
ͩ˵ͷشǣͽףһҴ⡣
սƣѾ˾޴ı仯߰ٶǰͻȻռսձݡһս֮¾ͽӪݻ٣սǿƵƽ˳½УһɱļУʲôӦ۷ʵ
һطر塣ͩ϶ػش
ͶˣǰƺòôңʵϣǱǰҪսΣտ֪ڸͩսΣճ̶ȣͩССġ
ʦ棬ǸձʲôҺųռսѵɱɣͩʵ
ɱֻ֮ռսۻش

ɱƿڸУռսҪȺܷ۽͵
ͩˣеˣݡɱͷ·ǶףֻҪһ˲ռս൱սҪ˲ܿҷȫ
ձݣսǳǿеռս֮һڣԼаһ壬ǳֲҲƵߡ۸ͩɨä
ֻͩˡ̫̫࣬ˣϵ١
ͩԼа֮ʱҲɵɫ䡣
ʲô
˵ǵ϶Ϊһͷųȥ
ôˣ㣬ǶˣԪŲһѡڶڶûгɹȫʢ֮ʱռսо֮࣡ǳ¡ҺãʮԪ彫ǵռսĳ壬ΪӲƴձݣŵõƺšÿÿ뵽ʵҲɵͷƤ顣

ͩ˼ռսмսǵĿ²Сġ
սҪԴģΪսԭ򣬽Ԫһձݶûнɡ
Ҳǿǽһϳӡ
ձݵĴڣҲЩбĵطŴ󳬼֮УֻгûձݣӴԵձݵǿơſɣҪ˶ãȵ弯ôͻɱСҲ治ʱ򡣡۲̾óȷʵĹͩ
ͩмΨһһɹ̽٣ԾŴɵʿͬʱҲϣɹ˥Ĵڡ
ͬʱҲһϣ۵ĵӡ
ţǶһĴУǶԣսԼĴڣӶΪ
ձݵĿƼȻߣ﷽ĿƼȷʵǾŴ͵ģҪ͡
ǳƼĳɾȴߵģҪߵöࡣ
ԣ棬ģͬģеڶλ
ֲ壡
û嵲ס壬涼ͳ֮¡

ͩ˽һϲһЩԭҪǿϲսͬҪǿļ֧֡
ձݵĽ칤еʮͣҽսнһΪսҪһּĵȼ֡
ûһļܹ쵱Ƚս
ңЩԼƼϵ֪ʶȨĶмԲˡҪӴԴܣǳһ㡣
ͬģǳһԪֻܽһһɡ
Ȼֶие͡
ʱ̫ˣг֮ǳģԣձݵٶȻȲ
ȫʢʱڣȫһԪԽձݡ
ֻǸʱȫ棬Ȼôݳޡ
˳֮ԳķԴս뽨ҲˣΪУԴ
ĳ֣¢ϣҲǵڴˡ

ͩׯ԰ס֮ͩõ֤һöҿսϵͳʶ鱦
ûд鱦
սֻǾż߼ģܺ̫
õȴͨ鱦ʲô
ĿƼѾͻ˷ﵽ鼶
ͨ鱦
ǺֲܿĿƼ
Ϊֻǲһ𣬺ǲ̫Զ
ʵϣ̫Զˡ
֮Ув鱦ռˡ
ΪʲôΪͨ鱦޷ҲҴгףԿơ
һͨ鱦ʵ಻һ㣡
˵ձǺսôεߺ鱦ڳķ롣
߱زͬԿһȱٵʵɡ
ͩȴ֪Զ֮ӵпɱǿƼȻ̳һλʥĴУֻܴͩһ֣޷֪ǷӵƼĴС
˵лûУӰ춼
һԣӰɾͲһĴˡ


461  м
Զ֮ɱɴ˿񣬶ɱʱô
ɱܹ£ܹڣһ£Ŀǵʵ̫̫ࡣ
ൽôٵɱɱ
һ룬磬ֻܹͨ鱦˴󳬼ֻżĿƼ
֮ȴɱȿƼֱһϵĴ
ͩõ֤Լս֮󣬾ȥ۸ǡ
ʦ棬ǵġͩ˵
ȥɣúñء۵˵ͷ˵עⱣסҲ֪½㸴Ҳ˥֮£ԣһˡ
ɵ֮ˣһơ
֮󣬿ԱܸǱľϾԻȥ
ɵ֮ˣرͩھ˥ɡ
٣˥ɲûǱܲܽʱһ˥پͻή٣ɵùȻǰȻɲȻ˥֮£С
һ룬ûдﵽɽٱ׼ȥɽ٣ǲʮ

ףǵӸһ·̤·ûĽΪ棬ǰ··Ҳȥһͩػش
ΪϧԲҪͩһָ
ͩ뿪ׯ԰֧Ԯ뿪أ½ǰ߷ȥ
ǰߣܵ˵ǷֳƷΣǣϵؽķߡ
Ŀǰ˵սѾͣ˫ڻ
ǰߵսûͣǶСֶӵľӢʽͻǵǿĳս
˫̽Էıűͬʱս֡
ս۵ķתΪ鱨ΪĽ׶Ρ
籩ǰֻԵˡ
ʵϣÿ췢ǰߵİÿ춼˫ӢͼͻԷս̽鱨Ǹֹ
ĸȺ֮ٵģʹУҲͬչƼ֮ͬвࡣ
ټϣֲƣҲϡȺ
ͩ䵽ڣľݶΪ弶
ľκܼ򵥣һ߼
һͼģ߼ߵġ

ͩľεǿıģΪΪȼ
ӵԸߣʼǿߣᱻ弶Ρ
ֱͩӱԸ߾档
żԸߣЩԸ߻϶ǵʵǿĴڣҲһ㣬Ǿż棬Ҫöࡣ
֮ս˼ԪһЧķ
ԾƵĳ壬ܼоƣĬӳŵôͲǳĶ֡
ٶܹ࣬ͳôΪǿ԰ٱĿֲʱ
ͺñͩǧƵĳҪϮͩҲ˵һʧ
Ը߾ŵҲ֮еǿߣսǿ󣬶ԺǿԣԸ߾ֳΪš
Щǿսչս
ͩǳսĿľΪսΪԼûб֮ĥ˵ˡ
䵽֮ͩԴ˷ǳ⡣
Ҳʲô˶Եġ
Ը߾֮УҲǷּġ
ʲôĳʲô
⵹ΪЩԸߵ룬Щսʵ̫Ҫˣݲð

ʵĳɨ˸߼֮Ҳ˷ʱ䣬ս겻ΪʹսֳŲķչ
أòӡ
ͩţһ֮󣬵õм֤
Ҳ˵ͩʵֻʤһЩмѡ
ȼΪм߼
֤ͩ˽мɼս֮ϣʵ֮ϵǿ߲֪ж١
Ȼֻ⿼ˣĿ˱׼൱Ȩġ
ʵʵûʲôðյġ
֪ͩԼʵս֮ϽмʱҲһСĽ
ϵͳԶÿһλսϣȻѡ
мÿʱÿ̶ᷢһ
ͩսϣڶ̶̰Сʱ֮ڣͽӵ嵥
ǳսĹϵҪսϸö࣬ԷΪְ
ԣЩ񷢷ΪóȥɵġκһһСʱڣûѡĻͻᱻϵͳǿз䡣
Щ򣬴󲿷ֶʱƣ涨ʱ겻ɣܵӦľá

ԣ𿴳Ŵ򣬵ҪӦս찵ɱ൱æµġ
ҳŵҲǽġ
Ȼ巢ЩҲȫȻ˰׸ɣÿһŴľֵЩֵԶһٱԶһɱ
Ĵֱʺǿˡ
ͺŽһսսһҲó˸ֱ䵱ƷӦľֵȥһֻֻóϵɱˣޡ
ͩѡһɱ
ǣɱĳӢͻų
ڳĽܣܼ򵥣֧һ׳ʡ
ΪӴ󣬼ʮϣ
ѾǰλĴڡ
Ϊԣûκֵó޵츳ǵٶ֮Ѹ١
ջ൱Ӵˡ
ǳȴʮϡ
ʲô
Ҳ˵ԱܺͻҪࡣ
ҲȫȻûȱģȱԣǵʵձҪһЩ

оǳҪ񣬿ĲǷ򣬿
һ壬ʮʮɹؽ
ǳĿ֮Ҳ֮
µĳ϶ûǻۣǿԲϵرǿȴ޷Լ׶Ρ
ĳͱҪϲֻһ
ĳͬǿߡ
ԣΪмİɱûгͩʵΧ֮⡣
Ϊһȷʵȳһ׳ǿöࡣ
ͩӵ֮󣬿Ҫʱʮ졣
ɱͬǿ鱨֧Ԯġ
ɱĿﶼҲɱƨ
ͩһ뿪˾פأǱжȥ
ǿռǱУָ߼ǱзʽѲͩռ䷨Բǿߡ
пռ䷨Ҫʱ䷨óǱаɱ顣
ͩؾʹɱ֡
һ֮Զ̾ѻɱĴţʹĴŶ˼
ָͩǵطֻͩܽǿε

εطԶԶصͩڵΪ硣
ѻɱʣɱﲻ׼
Ҳûзɱ
ķǺչɱ
˵ʸǡʸǡʮʸʸǧʸʸ
ȻȻƯҪƿǧʸǺʸǣǳΡ
ͩڵΪ;磬ڰʸǻܹǿƿصġ
һֱµԶ̾ѻطûУڼƻ׶ΣûơԣΪֲսͩòѷת˶Լǵĺչ
ͨٵǵںϣµļӦó֮ΪǲŶԣ
ں˰ٵǵ֮ɱɲһٵǵܺͣǼʽ
ͩûʵһеɱڵһѵĻᡣ
ͨ鱨ġͩսָ
鱨80001756877ţжšһͨսͩʶͨ
е9528ͩ˵˶Է֪
ȡϣе9528鱨ʾĿXXXXXXXXXǷ䣬ֻǵǰݣΪݣο
ô䣬ϵһ꣬ҪʵʱƿĿλáͩҡͷ˵Ȼһͼ鿴һλãȻĿڿƶȥ

ĿڣͩڵķλͩҪǱ״̬ϹȥĻҪ졣
Ȼȫ״̬֮£ò˶ãǲҪˣͩȥɱģȥǿɱ
Ҫ֪һλųľӢŶӣԾռ֮ڣƻͩһȥǿɱɹˣķѵľȻСڻֲƿص⡣
ɱôʡķȻܹɱֺαǿɱأ
ͩΪ٣ɴһ·϶ǿռǱ֮ߡ
ͩϵ긽һʱձ֮Сһ߻ָһϵ鱨ĵĿϸ鱨㱨
ȡϣĿڳ쳣ȻطͬʱĿꡣ
ͩһȻмô򵥾ܹɵģ鱨ϵҲɣʹҲСơ
ǷŲʵĿڣͩʵ
˵棬ܸһ൱ǵϵͳȫͬ
ϣǿϸͬСӡ

괫䡣
ܿģͩսϽյݣȻսͼʾ˳
꣬໥֮аϣһԶ
ȻǳķƴʩӦҲǹģͩӵʱֻһǰ󣬳ͷӦ˹ð
ͩˣھһҿ϶Ŀ滹Ǽٵġ
ǼٵģôɱʧȥͻȻԣǻʲôɱ
ܴݾߡ
ֶ̽Σ֮У϶һġ
ͩһ·ûб¶٣ǿռ䶼ûгȥڵͩڰУŻ
ÿһȰɡͩ̾
ֻͩǰɱִߣ鱨Ĺܡ
ںͳ֮չСΧ鱨ս
˴ʱͩյ鱨ĸ鱨ĿȷϣĿ꣺XXXXXXXXX
ͩһ꣬ԭ
ǵ죬֪ҪɵȻͣԭءͩЦһ˵


462  
ͩʱǿռ֮УسĿӽͬʱ˱ɨЧ
ΪͩʹõǾȷɨ裬ԣķΧǧľѡ
ôСķΧһʵõģɨĿõġ
ɨӾȷ벻Զܹ׼ȷĿꡣ
ͩܿԼĿꡣ
˿ԼĲ£ڴ˰Ӫء
νķأʵһ³泲
ţ³泲򵥣֪ͩĳ泲أ˿һЩͼ֮⣬Ϊһֶ̽Ρꡢʶȵȸá
ͩǸɵ³泲ͩ
ʱܣͩɹ˳泲֮е
һٵͩ˫ۣ֮ͩ־˫֮£ʼѹںϡ
ͩ˿վʱͩͬԲٿűͷųͩҪͷŵͨ
Чʵͺͩзһġ
һ룬ٵѹں϶ɵļǣپʱ֮ͷųȥ֪ˡ

·սһ㣬һǿʸʱ⼤
ڳ泲֮еȻ֮亹ëֱһΣոоȻ֮ӿûüȡʩͱֳ֮ʸС
Ϊʣǿⲿ׿Ƿǿ˹ؼԵá
мҺһ壬һϱ˲ԴҲһ룬һ롣
ؿ䶯ƶ˵Ҳˡ
ŭغŽе˭˭
ʱ򣬳泲֮еַӦ˹д붼ӳ泲֮зӿ˷ɢʶɨܣƺҪϮҳ
ڴͬʱ泲ĴҲˣֻս֮ϣռɨǿ϶˫˵ģֻͨɨܹҳǿռ֮еͩ
οǳռɨҲܷʱĲ֮
һСǾۼ߰
Ҫǵıȥҳشһֻ35ңʵάھųңڳгҪǿ

䣬һʸ˹
ǱߣгӦ˹׷˳ȥ
һʩչǿķ
ĳ͵ͣ·һԲεĶһǰ
⻬ĳǣ˸һ㷴⡣
ʸ䵽˳Ƕϣһ֮£ͩļǾȻǶƷһؼһеɱǶڼϢ֮󣬱һ׶˺
ֻһʧ˲2
ǳƣǵļ׿ӲĴڣһȻһ壬ܹһ˺Բļ׿ǻܹ󲿷
屾Ѫ壬սֱױȵķֳԼǿ
ĳƼƼˮƽ˵ǾŴ󳬼֮ġɷϣǵƼ൱Ƚһ
׿ǶǾȽƼԹģŵ൱ԣ㼸Ҳڡ
ǿƻԼֲ⣬Ǽ©֮

ͩԶڰ֮⣬ҲΪ˾һ£Ȼִܹ֮䵲Լľѻʵڲһǿ
ͩҲ֪һòһƴͻǰˡ
ͩһ̾ͱʮ׳ĳ潫Χ
ƳͩﵣǰһȺطʩչ
ƳΧȦڵгֽڣܵӦĹ˺
ɱӳ֮µƳֳǿƻĳ潫֧֮һϢҾľ䡣
ʮ׳ֵ֧øһЩƳ˶ʮһϢЩȻûһ䣬ˣʧȥ˾ųɵս
ֻǹ˲һһ徫ӢΧ˹
ͩնɱһ˵ĳǾͱͬ
µǿᡢճҺ⡢罬ȹǵصسͩӿ
ͩͷųһ͸ɫ֣Щ棬
ϵɱķףͩʼķ߶֮£ӳӦеǿκη֮ͩµĹܹӡ
ٶҲһ

ֳͩʱɵĳﵣ֮䣬ʮ£ʮλüУɶɱͷŵļǣŴ󵽼ޣеͽ׵ǿߣһ²Уʧȥս
ͩ䱾ʮһεĿ׼ڶ潫
ܹͩһĳ潫ǾԽӲģʮֻ߼潫˲䱻ûҷ
ס֣°ɣ˽Ըڿˡ
Ϊͩɱȥڳеĳ徫Ӣᱻɱ⡣
ֻʲܶԸʡ
ͩŻоĪΪԷܵشȻָ˴롣
ĸʵձҪ۷壬ҲǵƣǾǻָµĻָ֮У¡
֮󣬻ָ⼸ΪͨΪԽߣԽˡ
ǳȴ⣬ǵĻָ֮УͳΪȺ֮ǿ֮һ
ܹԿܣҲΪǵһơ
ӴͿֲĻָǿסǿƴѹ

ǿĻָĽͩ޵
ĸɳٶȺͺͻͬĽ˵ʱ򣬲ûбֳӦеķŭǳƽ
ɣҵɱ㣬Ҫ˷Ѵʱˡֳͩɵĳﵣ˵
ꡪֳһͷ޴ޱȵİʡ
綾򣡡ͷųĿұ졣
óʹ֮еöרңõĶ޷
ͺľ綾һ㣬ֻҪ֮еĵ˶ܵ綾ĳ˺־綾Ѹٸʴ˵һз
һ֮ͬս֮öޣҲģ綾֮һ
ܹѸٸʴ˵ķ֣ԪҲãɱҲգܵʴҪάֵֻȶԲʴҪʮٱķ
һʣͻָΪǿļһܾսһ־սǾ綾֮£˺ܻܿҰܡ
ͩҲӾ綾Ĵڡ
ͷ˾綾֮󣬱˻ųͩ

һȻͩҲó汾¡
أͩ˲䳤߳󣬻Ϊһˡ
еġﵡҲʱŴûκλڣֱ˵ȫһ¡
ͩһû㣬Ӳһﵳͩ˹˻ˣ
ֱĴ򷨡
ͩʱãʩչƷɼ׵ķ֡
һɲǼ䣬ͩһʧûܶԷһ
䡪Ĺײͩķϡ
ͩķֹȻһҲ˶顣
µľ綾ͩķȦڡ
ͩĳҲصشԴϡ
Ԥ֮⣬ͷλļӲ׾Ȼһ飬صһһܵشش֮ǰء
ոջָ壬ʧ˰˳ɣʧһνӽ˾ߡ
Ҫ֪ͷףǳ֮ӲĲλ֮һԵֵƷɱһ
ɱ벻㾹Ȼӵж⹥ɱؽе
ûϳͩеĳﵵıĿƷǲˡ
ʹˣҲˡ
ΪɱƷɱܱġ
֮Ĳ࣬ͨɱƷɱ֮Ĳ໹Ҫ޴

ɱıֻ۷ʲпӵУͨʸ붼롣вλҲûּɱ
õһ׳ʣڣһϵɱûлϣȴӵжɱǿУɲķӦ
ܣĵһӦ·ĳȻǿ󣬵Ҳܱȵ϶ɱĿֲ
˵ʵڻͩɵĳﵣͲڵĶ⹥ɱ
ֻƷһ۵ֱӹǲĶ⹥ɱһ
ӵеͨԼɱӵеǿƺԱ֮
ֱˣе㲻ҵĸо
ܣô׵£ͩ׷ֻķٶȾȻͩ죡
ͩ˽׷ϡ
ⲻͩĶңõĸǶһֿռ䴩֮
Ȼƾ涴Ǹ߽׳츳ܣֻͩĽķݡ
ͩտʼʱ򣬻ܹǿӰֻȥҲᱻ˦ġ
ܵˣһҪҵɵɾˡ
ͩɲһγʧܵļ¼ȥǸȺ

Ҫͩͨɻͩһֱش˱Ϊ鷳
ͩһ˲俼ĿܣȻó汾¡
ֻͩгﵳһףӭǣΪһߴׯϵʮ㱦
ɱӵеǿƣɡ
Զݶӵ˿Ҳѹһתͷһƣȵôˡ
ʶ૵⣬ôܣ
ѹأͩһȡ
ֻâԶǧ֮ͷϣȻһ״Ӱ
ܵʱһϾѹڵأá
Ҫϧһзͽ޹
޷ϵķԱѹӡġ
գͩһָȵ
ͩ߶֮£ѹ޷֮˲ͱ뱦֮С
ѹӡ
ⲻܣô⣬ôܣս˱֮ѹȻǿˣҲӦ˹شš
ʱͩıʲôɱͰ׻ˡ
ͩɱ˱ʣһգҲٶȸҪˣ֮УԪ֮Ҫöࡣŭ


463  泱
ǺǣΣս֮ϣΪ˭ļԪ֮ΪϱʲɣͩЦһ˵в
ǣ󣬻֮գϾֻмԪܹ֮ʡǶǲ֪֮ȥˡ
ȵ֮ҪʱͩԼѾ˥֮£Ѿɹ˥ɾ۷֮λ
ʱͩںһ°ܽ
ˣҲùɱĶɱ¾Ҳᶯĵģ鷳ˣʻġûģʮӲ˵
ͩˣü漴˵ҵ£ģ˵ˣδ£˭֪أڣ㰲ȥɡ
ͩ˵ͷɷɻҡ
һ䡣
ͩҲǳս֮ϵĵһ
ĻȻͩС
ջǱ¶˳ı£ڱ֮ͩǰѾϢ˻ȥ
⼶Ķɱǿ졣ͩԭɹ˥֮ٹʹã뵽һȻѲ

ͩҲûлת˼Ϊͩնɱ֮սѾ¼ͩѾˡ
ͩҲͨս½µ񣬲Ҫػء
ͩû̽񣬶һƫƧĵطչһʱ䡣
Ϊһս¶ͩʵ㡣
ʵҲҪͩˡ
ڳŵĹȽɣ֮󣬶һμڣ㲻ҲС
ͩһͨɽȣ֮С˶ɱﶼǰȫıչ֮
ϢǴսϵͳһϵͳ֮С
ϵͳͽ鱨ռϵͳսµ˷һϢȻ֮ר˸ɸѡ
ͩӵжⶴɱϢͬռɸѡ˳
긺ռЩϢĸĽۡ
ۼĴڣޱȣǲսҲʱ̴ǰߣɸѡ鱨ۣмִֻڡ
󷽵ĳ
ˣ֮ǰϢɱͩͩлӵжĶɱһλ۵һ㱨
ڲԶıȴ͵һ붨֮
Ϣһ㱨ȥģ㲻Ҫˣ𣿡۳˵

ˣģ֮סλԴؼĨȥ
ֶȨĨȥһϢŻλ
˵˵ս֮ϣȻжⶴɱ֣һһССϣͩǸ벻ĳɳô죬Ѿˣһӵһⶴɱôܣ۵ı
ɱϡ٣ҪɱҪ嫵ķһֻۻӽ۵۷ʲ߶
ͼʴ߶ɱɱһͻȥ֮һ塣
۷ʣҲҳʱش߶ɱսֻ۲ۺķܹԦɱ
Ϊķ󶨵ġ
ķ൱塣
Խ۲Ż֣Ϊͩķܴ߶ɱ˵ɱˡ
ɱĴ߶ҪȹɱҪʮϡ
ͨһ߶ⶴɱϢ֮һ룬һ룬Ǿˣ൱ء

Ȼܹͩ߶ʱҲΪ˱ı߶ʱҪķͬƷĶɱҪٵö࣬ͨ
оͩķڶɹ֮˥Ѿ룬ǷľҲ˼ꡣ
벻ͨҲûж룬ǰעתͩϡ
ɱҪҲװüͷ壬ܹһɱһٳܣһУͩɱ֮һ꣬»ĺκεͩ
ɱǿľİȫܣƱһ
Ҫ˵ˣһֻҪɱ֮УۼǿߣҲһϻҧĸо
Ҳգʱ˵֮ҳͩ١ҡͷ̾
ǣ۾ͶȨѰͩٵȥ
һҾİȥˣͩȻһϢûС
ɰѽ۸ˡ
ѵͩѾ뿪սֻǿߵϣ
Ҳұ֤ͩһܹս֮ϱս֮ϣǿ˵ġ
İȥˣĴ󷴹ҲʽĻ

ǵصĳ溣ս֮ϣʱĳжѾͣΪʱ򣬳溣ܲ񼶵ĳһһسս
Щ񼶵ĳӣһЩûǻֻбܵ׳档
񼶱ϵĳ壬Ϊǻ۵ĸ߼ûǻ۵ͨ塣񼶵ĸÿһʱһûǻ۵ͬͨ½֮УЩͨͷ·ҰҰһ㣬ֲС
Ѱ֮ʱԱʳͻ˺ɱʤ̭
һսĸǾͻٿЩγɳ泱һеˣ൱ֲġ
嶯һĸʮ˼߻ϸڵֵų泱Ϯ
ĳ泱Ǽ򵥵ѣǻӦγһԭʼ󷨣һз
泱͹ģ
ʮĳ泱ֻС泱С泱ͨһ񼶵ĳɣɱʮ
򼶱ĳ泱ԶԿ
ǧ򼶱ĳ泱ʶ˱ᣬҶԡ
ڵĳ泱۶ҺӣǳĿ¡
ǲи߼壬ЩͨĳҲɺӡ
ԣڳ֮Уĸʵĵλһֱߡ

Щֻһ񼶵ĳҪĳγɵĳ泱Ǿ͸ӿֲˡ
ͩչؿޣµط
һʱ֮䣬ʱ䣬ҵ״̬֪ľѾ䡣
ǱߣûͩϢǿͨսϵͳ˽⵽ͩû䣬Ҳ̫ġ
ֻ巴˿ʼĿսոտʼս֮ǰգ˵ͩİȫ
񼶵ĳӣ񼶵ĳҲһӿӴӴ󵽲˼顣
սܲŸӣݺݵشӪ鱨ռ
ս鱨ռһߵ鱨ͣ״̬
ûа취ֻҪвˡ
˫ǰ߽ս൱ңʽսѾˣûͣļ
ͩڴ붨״̬չš
ұչضˣָͩһ㣬ףȻİ֮ãɣ
ͩܿͽʵİͩȻһʵľ磬
ʽ׶εȻҪöࡣ֪ܸܲϵϽȡͩ
ҵİϡͩս

ܿ죬ս¾ϵظһϡ
֮ͩɫЩѿΪڵԼȻڳսߺ󷽡Ҫ֪ǰƬĺ
֤ˣĽ൱ͣӪýڽڰˡ
ˣͩ˽⵽Χ鲼ȺЩһİ飬Ȼɳ泱ɱߡ
ͩͨʱԲˮΡ
Բ֮ڣʮȺֲ൱㣬״ֲⷽԲ֮ڡµЩӾȻ񼶵ĳӣӴ󣬼˲ǡ
ͩ泱ϺƵأһС泱
ͩҿ϶һͻᱻ֣Щ嶼ûǻۣڻҼġôһͷƤ顣
Ҫ֪ʮϣĳָǻ۳壬Щڻҳ
ЩĻľͲˡ
֮еǻ۳壬ܴһֶЩ֮еٮٮߣǻۡҲ˵Ĳǻһ㣬ÿһǻۣ˵ࡣ
ĳ˵廹һҰȺ

սڣӪڷʱ򣬿ļһ֮ˡ
ͩʹʱǿռ֮дУ뿪Ƭͨɽȡ
һ·ϣͩΪСģٶȲ̫졣
Ϊٶ̫죬ռ䲨ȻӴ󣬱̽״ֵĿҲԽ
һ·޾յش˳ռأӪ󷽻ظȥ
ʮͩѾǰߴս
˿̿սϷֲսʿܡˡ׵ȵȡ
춼ǳ泱ϸһƬ溣ѹѹһƬԼ
ﳤսߣǰ˺̣Ҫɱ
սܸܸΣýڽڰˣѹֽʮ겻֮ͩǰչ֮ͳΪ˳ĺ󷽡
ĳ溣սһڳϣռžԵǿƵλ
Ȼⲻ˵ϳ֪ˣΪӪҪǵ⡣
˭ҲЩûǻ۵˷ѱսʿ
ǻ۳Ǿˡ
ͳսй֪ٴˣ˴˶Ϊ˽ˡ
ԣõǿܡսˡԼ񼶱Ļ׺սʿֵ泱Ȼսں󳷣ûбļ

˿̣ûг֣˵߼һû¶棬ڿƲҵս֣ʵֻǰĻˡ
ͩ޷սĺΪ˿սüΪңͩǴǿռ֮УҲܵСǿռ䡣
Ҫսıǿռ䣬ǿľΣˡ
ͩЩͨĳӣǷǳûǻۣǸκβʱͩĵǣĻĸ߼ԼͬӪǡ
ͩ²⣬ԼӵʱϢѾʲôˣصӪ֮ͩǲϢ©Ϊͩͥ۵ܣͬӪĸֿɲҴͩ⣬ϾɲǺǵģһӪԼԼ
ǳӪ϶־ɱ˶ᱦԳֶ֣Ϊ̫ͩ˽ִʿڶɱĿ̰
Ҫʲôʱ򰡣ѵ˵Ҫ·ͩʱ֮У
ͩ۲һսߣ·ҲƲȥġ
뿪ս·
Ӳܣ
ͩսµģһ뿪սǾӱվᱻġ
Ҫ뿪սֻ뿪뿪


464  
ս֮ϣü쳣ÿʱÿ̶սʿ䣬
й쵽֮ͩء
ͩòǧűܹսನӰ졣
ʱͩҲ֪ǲܻػصˡ
ҲգҼչˣٶһѣðطһͩҡҡͷ
ͩһפңעĶ򣬶ͩı˺ʯռ䣬ͩطĿռ䡣
طתǣͩһָ
ָͩΧȻֳһ˿ǵ㣬Щǵ˴֮ƺصϵΧһ󷨡
ҲϵתԽԽ죬ԽԽ졣
գ֮ͻ۳һ㣬Ȼ͵
ʯռ֮һߴɵľ޷壬һָǵھ޷ĳһ
ͩ˵
Ϯľ޷ȻΪһѷɻңͻȻɢ
ͩһԭΪɻҵľ޷һ֡
ʱĿռ䣬ܹͩһȻġ
ͩݼǵһЩԼµ򴴳Ļʼתǣ
ȻֻǻʼεطǱȴߣΪʱշĻǲ۲۵ʱط

ͩչİãͩΪȻûн̫࣬ʵԱİǰǿ
ͬʱͩҲڲϣܹɡ
ͩһطֻͥ޷Щź
ͩصȻռһ嶥ˣڷһţͩϥ£ʱĵʮ߲ơ
ͩʱָ·ʵҪҲͬΪֻٶȸѡ
֮ĸҲɺӡ
ͩ˫ۿգ֮ϣصķͽơ
ͩƺ˫ڿʵϣѾһʶУ侳Ͳ
ʮͩսµĶѡ
ֳͩһʶϵս¡
ԭһ££
ͣڳսʿȫҵɱĸʣ
ͩɫмȻΪѡ
ȻΪ֪ͩˣ϶ֻԼһͣڳҲ˵սΧĳ
Ǻ£ٲƵ
ΪΪĸʿɲɱ
Ȳ˵ǲ֮ңҵˣҲɱ
Ϊĸڳ֮еĵλߡ

Ҳĸʵʵ̫ǿ߱Ȼ߼屣
Ҫɱһĸʣɱһĸ߼ѡ
ɱĸʣڳ֮ʮѡ
ͩȻţҪɱһĸҲǼΪѵ顣
Ҳȥ
Ϊǽ
ϼɽݷġ
ͩʹٲԸ⣬Ҳȥɡ
ͩ˼ôȥʱ򣬽ӵͥ۷Ϣ
СӣΪսͨΣ۳˵鱨˴½ɵĳսڸϵĲǾţһëԽϵԽΣգرЩΪͣڳˡһۣ˾ֻնɱһֻĸʣǾͿԻսȨСӣպʱϵԽãԽǲ
Ӱûˡ
ͩҲеᵽˡ
ţǳս֮ϵı󽻷滹治٣һսߺƣȻǼ򵥵ĵֵסô򵥡

Ҳ֡
ս֮ϣռλȻûôơ
ͳս
Ӫ֮У룬߼оٲ˱˴֮ĹĶǡ
֮ͩ䣬ΪƷڳҪҲϡ
ʱԲǿռ֮Уǳ岢ûǿռ̽ļֶΡ
һ¶Բͩġ
ԣֻоսǰȫġ
ͩ˱ңٿű˶ȥ롣
ν뻢Ѩɵûӡ
󷽿϶ΣޱȣУҵõĸء
Ȳ˵ҵ֮ôɱҵ˵
ͩȻ˺õö࣬Ͼͩʱڰҡ
Ǿรˡ
ͩҲ֪жԽԽãóų廹ûоʱ򣬵һġ
£ͩڳ˳󷽣ƬĳȺܶȱȵǰսпռ䶼ռˡ
Ƭɲսߺ󳷶óǴ򣬶Ǹ롣
Խ룬½̬ԽԭʼԽǻ

ִĸоĻȥһģҪҵĸڣĲһѡͩԲˮֵӰ̾
ǳӣͩѾϰֲͬĳӣÿһֶײСǵǶĵճҺ;̺
ȥҲǰ취òˡͩ
׵ָ֮֮Чõġ
ͩҪ̫׼ֻҪһȷķͿˡ
ͩ˰죬ȫĵͶβ㡣
һҪǳĸʣķΧ󣬿ȸǴӵͼĸʵ߼ĸʲȡ
ԣòһЩһЩⲻˡ
ͩһ÷ʩչָͩ
һӲͩͷð亹ͣ
գͱˡͩм̾
֮УȻһָӦ壬ͩû˵ֳ塣
Ӧĳ塣
ҺãͩʹõǴڵ÷ŶֳӵĸӦ
䷢ֲ׷ٹǿǺˡ
򣿡ֹͩţó˳½ĵͼ鿴
ǳսڵĽ½ļ֮أҪ½ˡ

ͩûгɣʱȥ
ʮͩҵһ޴ĳ潨
ĽʵҲġҷ൱ˣָҲֲܿ޷һ׻ôϵϵľ̺޵ģܱĴڣ޷ƶûйûǻۣ൱
ͩԳ彨ʶ٣ʱԲˮܹ֮طճѨ֮еһֻӴӷֶĵľ޳档
ĸʣǳĳһ֧ĸʣȻ֪ͩһֳӵĸʣ֣ͩһֻĸûд
ͩû̾Ͷ֣Ϊͩоһ˿ա
Ϊ֣ͩΧػ̫һЩ߼ֻֻʡ
һ£ĸı൱󣬲ֲܣҲһӪҵͬػ
ΪĸʱʵޣĹʽǿٿһ廤ͷŵľ籩
ԣĸʱǿִ
ĸڳ֮еϡٵģĸʵĵΪףɳǼѡֻ߼İɣ

ѵ壿ֹͩ˿ǧ֮ĳһСɽϿյǿռ֮УûҲûп
ͩҪӲƴǿ϶еģֻȡ
԰Ӧòݳ޵ĸŪնɣͩһ£Ʒ²⡣
߲ԲһֻĸʵնΪĸʵҪԸڳ֮ϡһֻ±ɱǧֻʧҪ޴
Ҫ𶯳ȫĴ¡
ԣĸһ㲻սģֻ˳½Ϊ˱ĲͺڵԣŻĸͽ
ڹϣͩҲųҰĸʵն
ôǾֻһˣǾػĳʶͨĳʡ
ֻԲˮڣ޷˽⵽ԶǧֻʵľΪ͵ϸ
ܹ̽һǵĵϸֻĻͻݾߡͩΪѵ̾
ֲͩ̽̽
ֻǿˡ
ǿҲǻ۵ȥɡ
ɱĸʣô飬գһ־ͱһвС
۳ɹʧܣÿ·⡣
Ҫ֪ǳ

ڳҲ̫ġ
ͩһ㣬ԸӲ
·ǵһʱҪǵģΪ۳ɰܣ·ǿ϶ġ
ͩʹʱڷԲ֮תʼоһ·
ֹ˰£ֻͩص˴˴
Уǳûһܿ˰ôأͩ̾ȥֻкֱײˡ
ͩ˼һᣬһ۲ֻĸʵĶܲҳһֵĻᡣ
ΪԷһֱڳѨĻг彨ıڳֵĻ˲ɱиƨð
ͩıǽȻռ֮Уϣ˶ɡ
ܹһнƺͽ֮ϼѵѶݷֻֻͩСɵľ磬ٶһЩ
֮УвٳٶȶͩĽ졣
ţˣͩһūͣҽͽһռ䣬ʱϰ
ͩɲ˷ʱ䣬˵ͩʱ䱾Ͳˣټһֹʡ

ˣպôˡͩ˻ôһطս֮ϣͣطܹʩչġ
ɱĸ֮ͩͿ뿪սǸʱ򣬴ֱӺɵȥ
ͩһʼƶϸļƻ˵ͻô죿˵һô죿˵½֮ô׷
Ϊ½ӦķڳĽ֮С
˰ҷֵһѹѹעҵϣҲ൱յġͩţ
ඡͩƵ̾ҵᣬɵֻĸʣҪԵҲֻʵķ׷
ף԰лᣡͩȻ֮뵽Ҫ½磬ֻͨͣͩһֱ֮ͨӺ½硣
ֻ۲ܲٿʱתֱ½硣
ӦòΪһֻĸ½׷Ұɣͩز²
Ҳ˵һ򣬾һһ巢أϾô࣬۵Ҳ١ͩ˵Щˡ
࣬ôֳһֻ׷ɱԼҲǷǳпܵİ
УҲÿǽȥƻҪƶͩҧ̾Ʒ֮ǰмƻƶһļƻܵذضǽȥ


465  ׷
ͩȿǵ·⣬۳ɹʧܣ·
ʧܵĻȻޱȵ鷳ֻгǰ߷ˣ裬ʧܣͩܿС
ɹĻһϾ½硣
ԣͩɴûȥʧܵ·ΪûʲôģһʧܣֻҪܣһ㼼ҲûС
ֻǳɹ֮֮ƣǾƸۣǳɹɣ
ͩҵһȺϡٵСƬյءܹڳȺܲĵطҵһõĿռ䣬Ҳȷʵ׵¡
ͩǰɰ
ͩļƻܼ򵥣ɱ˳ĸ֮ͩһ㣬󷨵ȡ㹻ʱʩչͨ½硣
ˣٶĳӣʱҲ󣬶ֻͩҪϢʩʱѡ
ú·֮ͩ㿪ʼڣĵصȴֵĻᡣ
ĸʴڳѨ֮УĸҲһҲϢ
ͩ˴꣬ڵȵᡣ
֣ͩÿңĸʾͻϢʮ죬
ʱ䣬ĸʻᱩ¶֮£ȡ̫̫֮֮ԴĸʳԽͨķֳҲͬҪ֮Դ֧֡

ʱֵͩʱˡ
ͩĵصȺĸ¡
һ죬ǳĸȡ̫ʱ
ͩû֣Ϊʱǳʿʱ̡
ĸʲû뿪彨ó彨ĶһӶѡ
ͩҪ֣ͱӸ²С
ûбܹ彨ķֱӹĸʵĽǶȡ
˵죬ͩˣΪʱػǵʶҲЩи
ͩɵ׸߿գҵ˹ĽǶȡ
ΪԷһͩӱ֮гֳʱĸʡ
תǡ
ڴͬʱſĸϣνССǰһӦΣգʾ
ĸһ˻У彨ѸٷӦ˹쾮ĸʱС
ʵĸ߼嶼Ӧ˹
𣬶ң

߼役ŭ־塢֮
ǣͩתǣٶȱȼǻҪöࡣ
ڴʱ˲䣬۾գһ¾ͿԽǧľ룬׼ȷػĸʵԴ
ĸʱ֮ҽжһʱΪɢ

ĸ䣬Բĳ嶼ˣسĸӿ
ػĸʵλ߽׳ʣ˿һȼ壬ͩɱȥ
ٶȼֱ˼ǧֻǵһϢ֮£ͽӽͩ
ͩһ֮󣬱ͷ½ϣֱ¡
һɰ𣬸ǷΧȻ󣬵󷨷֮Χ󷨸ǿ
ͩ£۽һۣʱһԶǧֻ߽֮׳ʾȻգ֮ͳ嵽ǰ
ʣɱĸʣһֻ߽׳ʴеͬʱһͬھļƳͩ
ɱһֻ߽׳ʸ˫Ѫ죬ʧȥǡ
ͩΪһ⣬˲˺ɰ󣬱ֻܿʡ
ֳֻƴع󷨡
ڴͬʱͩɱĸʵϢҲ˻ȥ
ܲɵǣһֱûзѰͩ䣬ֻǼջǰߴս鱨Ƿ쳣
鱨ռĽ۸²𶼳أ鱨
ףȻĸʱɱˡͬӵͻ鱨
ϸһƣϲ񣬾ȻͩɵģԭСӾȻͣڼսĴ󷽡

̤Ьٴȫѹ򡣡۴Цһ˲·ص꣬ʱתơ
ͩɰʺع󣬹ûжá
ͩȡ˲̣ʩչһ֮£Խ磬뿪ڵλ档
ͩߺ󲻾ãͩʧ١
ôܣ߽׳ʷŭغе
ңȵҲðѴ˸ҳ
˻š
ڴʱͻȻһǿޱȵѹһͨĺǿͻȻ֣ɢѹԼʱת֮ɢĿʱʹضΪ֮һ͡
˺һʱƽϢ
μۣ߽׳һ֮ʱҲò
յϢĸææֺڣʶ̽һδҵͩӰ
ѵͩǸɵˣ
ۣҵ׷ˣ󷨵סǣҵȿ󷨣ȴȻʧҲڴ˵ʧȥټһλ߽׳˵

ʧ٣ôܣôǵأ޹ʧ٣ѵ
۵ʶ֮УѸɢ
Բ֮أû֮Ĳͼ
Ե棿۵ĵڶӦЩһ˵ѣϾͩһɱ˵õˣҲѴ˱׽תһ룬ֲˡ
ͩжɱЩٶҲã߽׳ʿҲκβͩɱ
ԣͩҲ˵ԣͩʧȥټ
ֿܣͩû뿪˴˶ɱɱΪһڸĳ
һܾǽѿ֮ͩѾ˴˵أ֪ȥˡ
Զ㣬˵ԽԶԽáۻ˵
߽׳ʲԣҲҷ۵ϽʹȺԶ˰
ˣɹ߽׳ʹʵ
㹻۵ͷ˵
ʱջݣֳλӴ壬Χռ䣬Դ֮ͨʹʱ⵹
գ֮䣬жڵ֮ǰͩ﷢һֶ֡
ʱӰ֮УʾͩԽλʧٵһĻ

ͩ棬һƬ޵ǿ֮У˿ܣ侲ΧһƣΧһΣ֮󣬽ƾͻᷴˣסԷҽͩһֻ꣬һˣ֧ɢͬʱҲͩʾ
ͩҲΪԷһ
ͩһ򣬼ٵ٣˳ռ䡣
ٶȲϵʮٱ١
ڳռ֮Уͩͣر任ٶԶݶȥ
ף벻ͩȻطҲֱܹӿԽλ档۸̾
۳ûԴ֮ͨȡͩһڹȥʱյϢ練ɴʱա
һ֮󣬽Ҳм
ֻϢɸ
۲ǳ׵ͨ۰ˣۼ֮Ĵڡ
ͩϢȻ΢ͩôҲʣ۵ļ൱ӽˡԣҪӹȥʱմϢܵķʵȸʮλҪ١
ߣȻȻӵ½ȥǾϧûϵԽٰɣЦеؿеϢ

ǻȥɣȥ׷ⲡһʱת½ȥ
֮£ֻûȥȺͷˡ
ʱת½磬ǿҵʱղȻͩµĽơ
ͩķֻ걻٣ʾԶ֮ͩ
ãȻȻ˽ƣϧ֪Σۺں˵ó˽Ϣ
óһָ룬ɲָͨ룬һɱѰ˱档
д˱֣ټϢӽԼҲͬᱻҵһ˵
˵꣬Ϣɱ֮УɱָתʮϢָͣңָһ
ԭ򡣡óһҴõķ鱦УȻһ߶鱦գ֮ͽ˳ռ֮С
ٶڲͣ
Զݶȥͩӵ˷֧ʾ֮󣬲ɵôΪӡ
Ϊ֪ܹڵһʱ׷½ģֻۼĴڡ
պط쳣ִѾʧˡطҲô¡
ۼĲҪҲֱ½磬µͨת½磬ѡ

ͻȻڴʱͩһڤڤ֮һֱĸо
ͩҴ⣬ָһ㣬ʱһ
ԭϢѰ֮ѹܹԶôԶܹҡͩͩ׷˲ǳǿߣˣȴ޷׼ȷ˭
ͩʱУô·˼
뱦֮󣬷ֳһٿرɶݣͩųľ˽ټգҲһ׼׼
ͩڳ̣ӳˣ÷ȫĵͶ֮С
Զ֮ϵĳռ֮С
Ŭ׷ţеָ붼һ̲š
ǻʷҪƣܹӵѱġмڴ˵Ŀ֮һ˿̰֮ɫ
ϾʱκһλͬʿŹӵжɱĻᡣ
ͩҪ֮ļһ۸ǲʱ
Է཮ǸʱҪκεͩѶȾͻ޷Ŵˡ

գ֮䣬¹ȥˡ
׷ڼͩҲͨ˸ַ֪׷߾Ǻηʥˡ
Ҫ֪׷˭ѣϾ֮УҪ˵в٣Ҫ˵ûҲǿô˵ġ
ΪЩܣ㲻֪֪Ϊļ𲻹֪ѡ
ȻͩȨ޻൱ߵģͨ鱨ϵͳһ֪
ۣ½λ񣬵ۼǿߡֻҪ׷Լأͩмɻ˵
ʾλƺǳӪǱ߸鱨ռĵۼǿߡͩ뵽һţʱ˹̾٣ԭҲǿ˱ʵʱˣֲ蹷һ׷Ųšͩҡͷ̾
ⲻѷ֮ͩӵʱĶɱ϶ѾˡǡɾǳӪ鱨ŵ֮һ׷ᣬȻΪͩˣΪ˱ġ
ʱǶ⼶Ķɱϼֻһ
ɱڳ۷Ⱥ֮УҲ֮ԣⶴɱʮġ
ҪǣĶɱҲûа취ģֻǳʱˡ


466  ؾ
õǿ޿κεģֻϼĶɱ죬ޱߵ
ԣͩԭǶɹ˵˥֮ٱ¶ʱĴڡֻǼƻ仯ôߡ
ͩóͼʼԼںδҳ
彮ǱĽҪһ֮ࡣ
ͩڳռ֮УҲԷֱ档
֮£ֻͩó˳ռ䣬ȻͩЩʱҲ˲̫ˡ
ͩصռ䣬Ȼʩչʱռ䴩ı죬˲ʧԭء
֮⣬ͩʱפһװϣʼԼķλ
ܿ죬ͩҶͼҳԼڵĵط
Ƭӽ彮ı߽磬ʮֱ֮ڣûһ½
ĽӽֻԶԣʵϣһٶı߽
߽ޱȹȻܴפء
ֻǳĽȴǱϽֻһЩͨĳڡңЩΪ߽֮⣬ǴƬ޿ڤ֮
е޿ڤ֮ǱȳҪ
ʲô޿ڤ֮򣿾ָ֮ļءʲôҲûС

ףﲻǾؾ𣿡ͩͼԭͩڵƬ֮ңһֱֻǧС湲оŴϵȻγһҫ󣬸ס
ԣ̬ȫͬعޱȣûܹ֪̽еܡ
Ԫ棬ĵرͬʱҲΣޱȡ
˵浮֮һЩǿѾʧȥټ滹Ų٣еǿڣ۷ۡ
֪жǿ߽Ѱеض飬еԶҲûгвۼǿȥҲûг
֮Ϊؾ֮йϵʮؾ֮һ
Ƭؾԭڳ彮Χ֮ڵģǳҪռؾͼȺͬԶʧܡ
ǿҲҷŭΪС
˵лһнꡣ
֮£ƬؾֻôӳĽ֮˳Ϊ֮أκȺʿɽ룬ơ

ÿ겻֪жʿУͬҲ֪жʿڴˡ
֪ͩӽؾ棬˽۵׷ǲһ
ֻڣ鷳ǣ彮ıֵ߽ע⡣
ͩ취
֮ĳռ֮Уȫ鱦׷ͩ
ȴ֪Ϊʲô׷ôҲûмһӰ
٣ɱٶȹȻͬСɡҡͷ̾׷ȥҲǰ취
Ҳͩһӳռصռ䣬ȻԿռ䴩֮ռصȻһԽȥʹһһߡ
ǿռ䷨õ֮ͨһ
۵ÿռ䷨һδԿԽ꣬۵ı£ʱշңԶ
ֻȫһô죿
óָһ£̾Ȼӵô죿Ķɱǲ۴ͩռĵص㣬ԻΪͩһֱڳռء
ô˵أڳռ֮зĺôôǲױ׷١ÿռ䴩ĻҪĻռ䲨Ե

ͩ˼һӲ
ͩʱ֮л˼ūЩūһЩū֮ͩЩūþԵ΢Сࡣ
ڵ˷õʱˡ
ʵ߽ĽѲֻͩҪһ⣬ͩͿ׵شȥ
ͩǺ׷ߡ
ͩΪȥӲۣ˲֮٣򲻵ü֮£ͩǾԲѡӲӲġ
ڵǣͩҪؾֱֱؾȥһ䣬Ȼᱻ۲µԼĿĵء
Խ۵ΪԽǧ궼ֻС顣
ͩڵΪ߰ľ룬ͩҪοռ䴩ܹ
öҲ֪ͩǿ϶ȲԷٶȡ
ͬʱͩҲ֪Է׷Լķ֣ܰѶֵ׷٣ֻ취Ի֣ȡʱ䡣
ͩʩչ˱仯֮ͨնԼֻ꣬ÿһֻ궼еϢ
նֻ꣬ʱͩ5
㲻ʲôֻҪûг50ܹ֤ͩʵȫʢʱپųϡ

ֱֻ꣬עū֮Уܹǻɢ֮ǰðԼϢ
һ㣬ֱͩʵóõͨɱʹãȻλ
ͩһռ䴩˳彮ı߽硣
۾ͿؿһѪɫ硣
ޱȸߴܣΪԲһЩҲѽӽ˽һڡ
ͩΪһ⣬˹ȥ
ֻ׵شȤɫĽ磬ɵͨ˽硣
ǽǿ֮ǿĲٶȣӽƵ֮ͨЧ
ͩڴ֮󣬾ֳΣʱū¼ͨķʽʱĿռ֮һ̣ͳʮ֮⡣Ȼͬʱһռ䴩ʧ١
ͩոռ䴩ͬʱ֮ͩǰפնĵط
֮֡
ǿָ룬ɶǽƻȻõǿռ䴩͸뵽ġƽпռ䴩֮пռ䲨Ӳ۵ĸ֪
ڽ۵ָڲͣر仯ܵ˵ָķλȻһɴԼӡ
һҲý۵׷

ɶôѵǷҲδ̫һЩɣ۲
ͩʵ̫ƻˣý׷٣ʱҲûëļһ
Ҳûж˷ʱ䣬ǸЩĿռ䲨ȥķ
˵޳˿ռ䷨˵ҲǼѵ顣ֻ޳ۣʱպһִͨ
ѭȥĹ켣ȥ׷ԴͷĴͨһʱշ֮һ
۷ʿҲһ㡣
ԣҪ˵۷ʣֻҪûбɱܻû̫ġ
Զռ˲ƶ䱾ͲʱռֿеİͰˮ׷ٵġ
ߣҾͲܵõҵ˷򣬸˲ƶȥ
ףȻǱ߽磬ѵǳȥˣţпܣȻܱ߽ͩסڿ߽ƺûбƻļ󰡣
ʱջݣûа취ֻʱԲĴͨͩڴ֮ǰռôȥģֻһǹȻ͵͵һǹҲ˵
Ȼָʾͩûǹǿңָͣ仯ָ룬ڵ׼ȷˡ

ʱջݣʹ˵ۼǿߵͨ
Χ󲻶ϵ浹ˡ
ûжãͿͩӰֻ֣Ϊһ⣬ɵؾʹԽ硣
⡭ͩط治٣۶ͩŶҲЩȣ۹Ȼó˶һЩЧ
ֶݷҲƵǶطҲΪ֮ĵġ
Լսƣ˽ȨޣȻ˽磬׷ͩĹȥӰ
ʱջ֮ĸ֮һ
ΪֻҪƬʱգѾȥ£֮ͨ£Ҳӳճ޷١
ǽ۾磬ʱպһޱߣҲΪʱպһʹⱾԳһʱա
ԣʱҲ޷ӳճڹȥĳ¡
Ҳ޷Ҫԭ֮һ
ΪǼԪ׿ס죬ʱգҲ޷ҵ۵Ĺȥ
һʿΪ۵һɲǣڹȥʱһӳնᱻĨȥ
ۼǿߣȴڵȴûйȥ

нʱط͸ˣ˵Ĺȥӳգﵽ˵ɱеЧ
ַֻŶĴǿ˵ǸߣΪֻµǿЧ
ܹʩչʱطĴܣϵǿߣҪɱһλµʿҲҪĵֶΣֱɱžˡ
ֶϵǿЧǼߣʳ֮ζ֮ϧö֮طʧˡ
ܿϧۣͩʱջҪ׷ѡ
Һã۲ʱͩںδҲˣܱܿԷ
׷ٵͩһʩչռ䴩ĵط
ͨʱջݣһοͩһԽοռתƵӰ
ɶ쵰ȻһУ۴
ͩȻͬʱοռ˲ƣ˭֪һĸأϾָ׷٣Ҳֱ治ȥ
Ǿһ׷۲ü֮£Լū˳߽ʼū׷ͩıҲǴ࣬˵ʮ߽ôࡣ

ƽ׷һ·Ѿ൱ˡ
ͩڶοռ䴩֮ԶԶؾͿ˾ؾ
ҫ֮£ʱսطա
ؾ֮УʱշŻ϶ЧģֻһЩطµķŲܹʹá
Ҳ˵ؾǿ˵Ƿǳģ棬ĲֻзȼΪ硣
ϾǱȲϵۼǱġ
ûʱطؾ֮еʵۿۡ
ͬģǿʿ֮ĲҲô޴ˡ
ö֮⴦ؾΪ߾ǿ߾ͺ̤ˣؾڷ棬ĶΪʿ
ؾ֮ſ۷۵Ŀ´ڣؾ֮еʵ̫Ӱ죬Ͼĵط
ԣôؾű֮Ϊ֮ء
λзʮؾ֮һѰʿ̫࣬˸ࡣߴ˳ɵĿʣһͷƤ顣
ʮ˽ȥ߸䣬һӳҲˣֻ˶ܹеõôпǸĵرҲпǸ
ͩףֻҪ˳ӽȥ׷ˣҲ̫


467  ؾ֮
۵Ƭ̣ϾǸ߽ʳͩһūܱȵġܿ죬·ͱ׷ϣֻһ·ûκϢ
Ҳɵ˲ʲôϵͼһơ
ɶ񣬾ȻǾؾۻȻͩĿȻҪؾ
뵽ģֻһè׽̬׷ͩҲԳ彮ĵϤĿ׷ͩΪоԵţͩӲ׷٣ԶԵ첻ϤҪ
벻ھȻһ
Ȼʹ˷һʱԽңԶ룬ھؾԶ֮ء
شʮƽؾʿ֮ҳͩż
ܣֳһɰԵѹɢΧʱ˲䱻ƿء
ؾʿɼرˡ
ͩʱֻôһ̤ؾû뵽۵ķӦô졣
ߣܵõͻȻһϵɱսȻңָͩһ¡

һɲ򵥣ͨʵޱȡۼطѾӹ棬Ϊ۵ľ֮ʱսƿ֮УͶ㶼ܡ
ͩҲС⿴ͨһȻжҲɱر۵ʱ֮жΪ㡣
ǧڵн·ߵĸʿâ룬䵱
аҲ񼶵ʿ
ڻмʿС
ֻʱ򣬽Ϊͩʱ˵޽ɣںˡ
ͩжȻܵӰ죬ȫ
ͩϾҲһʣʮ֮ңҪȫͩҲǲܵ顣
Ϯͩһһ羫µʮ㱦ͩ˳ͷų⣬ʱͩڴͬʱһµĵҲڴʱ
һĽ뱦档
һϢɢͩȴ˿δ
ûͩΪһ⣬ʱ˾ؾ
ɶ񣡡ҪֹȴѾˣʵ㣬Ǳ޳ĪټͩѾʹڴԶĵط

ͩӽ˾ؾɫȻʮѿ
ţҪ۽ȥѰ䣬ʲôʱҵʲôʱ뿪ұۻһͨɱΪۿɲðȻؾΪ̫ΣˣϾ۽ȥܵʮʵܲɣټϾؾ֮Уޱȣвٹܹв۵
ؾֻһڣԽֻҪס֮ͩͬܲġ
ؾռ䣬Ҳ䲻ԣͩҪҲܡ
ʮָɴذڳʿȻԼ򣬶
ڳʿΪ߲Υ۵λ۲Ǳۣ֮УǿΪ
۵ĻµʿҲ˸ΥΥ
ǣʿһ©رϽ˾ؾ
ԼȨȺ֮еһ£ǧȫؾˡ
ټϣͣصɢޡ޸˵̽ջ
ЩҲͬǿץ׳

ͩ˾ؾգ֮ͱ͵˾ؾ֮еϵ
ϵؾŴϵ֮һϵнϵ
ϵȴһ״½ؾ֮Ѱ֮ͬʱҲΣյĵط
鸡մ½С½Ტۣ
֮У½½֮ľ룬൱ңԶؾ㣬Ŵϵɣÿһϵһ½Ϊģʵټ쳣
Ҿؾ֮еľſ½Ȼ˴֮䶼صĴͨͨ
ʹ֮̽˿ھſ½֮䡣
Щ½ϣҲûǻڵģвڡ
ЩڿƼȲĳʵȴԱһЩ߼
µľǾؾ֮УʱսҲ˵ǿߣĶʱշ򣬶һ·
һ㣬ʲôܡ
ʱؿרݱ֮ʱȺ˴ػģҲһ㡣
Ϊˣʱ嶼Ϊ𶯣רųһооؾ֮·
Ϊȡϸоϣ嶼˾޴ĴЩȡ͵伮ﵽоĿġ

״½սһ뷴ֵսһǽ꣬ʤա
еԭкܶ࣬Ҫԭ㡣
һؾ֮ʱսطգֵûƣΪʱսʵۿۡ
ڶ㣬Ǿо֮Ƿ֮·ʵûƹĿܣⲻһ·
Ҳ˵֮·Ҳʵ῰ʺۣۼӶ岻ԶȲǰˡ
Ȼ˵ǸҲΪϾһ죬㲻óѵĿܡ
㣬ͨѶ㣬ؾ֮ˣ˵ֱͨѶˡ
̫ͼҪռſ½ҪĴ̫ջǳˡ
ʹˣҲΪ˸˾޴Ĵۡ
ڣؾѾسΪؾ֮һΪ̽Ѱءؾ֮еΪԹԼΪЩߣߣһԲֱӴɱ
ҲΪʲôؾ֮еôߵԭ֮һ

ͩУܵ˾޴Ӱ죬Ŀռ䷨ڣʹÿռ䷨֮Чǧ֮һǧ֮һ硣
ͩȻǴۿۡ
ҺʱǶɱԳϵؾӰ죬ʹã糣
ͩҪ
ʱùҲܵӰ죬˵ռ䴩ܡ
ؾ֮У޷볬ռ䣬Դﵽٶȴͳռʱһ޼١
ͩ˿ȻûбֱӴ͵½ϣＫΪӽ½Եͩٳ½ȥ
·;֮Уͩʶռ䣬źǣȻ޷磬ôۿۣǿԵһЩشϡ
٣ҺõҰȨ֮ڿص϶ش洢ˣ޷磬϶Ѱͩޱҵ˵
״½֮ϣʮǻ壬Щ崫еʵͬһֻǷֳҡ
ͩϣ״½ϣоŴ۹ʮǧСһЩǰ
ͣڷ⽨ʱڣʱ
ûи߿ƼĴڣͨŻǺ֮ͨ

ʹˣ״½ʵҲܹͩġ
ͩ׵˱˵ĵϣȲܱ¶Լߵݣһ㲻ʲô⡣Ϊ״½壬弫Ϊ˫˫ţһԴͬ˫ۡ˫һһ졣
ֻǳøͬʱۼףͷһϵļǡ
ǻóǵȷȺһ֣ĻΪЩķ֧
ͩСС仯־ֲıʵ̫ˣѲ
ܿ죬ͩʧˣһİʿ˴½
ͩı֮۷ͨıֻͨҪͩ¶ݣҪϳֱǳ˵Ρ
˵İˣˣҲδܹϳͩڵӡ
ɵͨǿ֮
ҲͩΪʲôд˵ؾԭڡ
ʿ󲿷ֶڣܱ¶ݣͩȴԹؾ֮е֮ȥ
ͩӴ½˳ؽ½ء
ͩŸ߶ȵľ裬ڿзţƿһЩɽֹȥܼĵطƽԭشΪ

ʱһξ͹ȥ£ͩڿӰ
ǰԶһλһͷ޴սһ
ͩʶһɨͰ˿
Ϊ˲ռΪˣҲࡣ
ͩҪ۲˵ı졣
ؾ֮еĸĶҪ壡
֮ҲûУΣҲ漰
ûУֻǵ壬ΪԽǿʵԽǿͬʱԪҲԽ
ǲ֮ͳޣԭʼ׷ݵԶ֮
ıԽ֮ͣڹĻôľ⹦
ڹҲã⹦ҲգԶ֮Գɵġ
ֻãƬرˣֻǹȱݣǿٸߣҲֻӳԪ޷
ҲеǿߣԪԳԼΪλϾǳ֮;
ɷϵǣ֮սϷǳǿ
ͺǰһҵˣܹƾ;ĶԸһֻվżޡ

޵ĹͬСӣ棬צһ³һӣȼաһצ˳ǿʹʯѡ˺ϱľʯһצֳ롣
ǿʿȻܹݵػ֮
צ棬һצʿţȻֻ¼ɫӡǡ
Ҫ֪ʿѪ֮塣
ˣΪ屾֮˺Բ¶⡣
Ѫ֮Ȼܹˮ֡ǹĳ̶ȣɴ˿ɼ˵֮ǿ͹ˡ
ͩûڲϣ֮ʾΪצޡ
צޣ΢ĹѪͳռɳڿɴʥ򼶣ڿȰǾؾ֮ʮֳ࣬ʳеͶˣ֮̾ʥƷ
ܣͩɵø̾½ʵڱֳ̬ǰ徹ȻʳеͶˣ
Ϊûǻ۵ԭУҲͬС½
ٿʿȥҲΪᣬݡСֹȵȷ濴һдˡ
ꣿͩ૵ѪᲢˡ
Ϊ߲Ⱥʵһǿ󣬵ݣ൱Ľ˵ġ


468  
Ҫ֪Ⱥ֮У󲿷壬֮Ѷѣ²ܽռ˵滹ʥ򡢰ľ硣
޽ش·磬Ĺϣá
ȭȭ⣬͸˵ڸֻԽԽ
𡪡ڣֻͲ㣬ʼֵ̿ˡ
ߣȣԭٺһģȻˣǾͲˡҲףצʱڻû븸ĸʳĸĸӦþ⸽һȣ丸ĸͻѸԮ
ֶβɱ֮ɲ빦һ
ǿȭѳȭ˫ȭգɢɫ˫ȭ
ȺΪʵԭ־ɫвͬ
֪ͩ־ǴѪ֮һеߵķ
ޱܵظоΣգܣһȭٶ̫죬ȴ˵رܿҪ
һȭͬ˵˳ȥݺݵײһʯ
Ҫٽһʱ򣬴ӲԶһХһӰԶ˹ٶȼ졣

ãķӦ죬Ϸתӡ
õҲǲ֮ѾԽǧԶ
һֻצͣСצ޵ԣͷԼĺӣؽ˼
СצƲᣬãֻίƺԼĸ߿ࡣ
漴ŭغ͵س˹ȥ
ȻѾܳʮһצ޵ٶȾԲһΪܹġ
ûãͱצ޸׷ˡ
ǿ򶨣ɫȴޱѿܺڵ֮ƽ̹Ҿ֮УҲӲצ޵׷١
ֻƴˣ
ѳȭȻ£Ȼ¸ҵֻצûԴС
צƤ񣬵ˡͬǿˮ𲻾塣
һʱ֮䵹Ƕ˸൱
ֻǱϾΪҪ࣬Գ־á
ûغϣʹ·磬ٹʮغϡ
צͻȻһ͵˻צǰݺݵһ£һƿ˿ڣѪⷭɣѪʧʱսѷ
צ޳ʤ׷ſѪڣĲҧȥ

ۿҪɥ
ͩȻһ߾룡
ͩһȭһȭ͸ֻʥ򼶱צޱ㱻һȭԶȻصˤڵϣһҲˡ
ͩתʵСӣʲôû°ɣ⸽ĳ
лǰȣҽзɣҾס⸽ĸǳǣԲ֮ڣֻǸǳһǳءóҩش˿ڡҩٰһ£һߴһ߻ش
ȥͩ˵
û⣬ǰǴ𣿡ɿʵ
ǣ޹ңĴΣѰͻΪŴϵͩڻص
Ŷԭǰǿߣʧʧɵƺ˺ܶ࣬ʢѪҩʹƤ֮ˣõ൱Ѹ١
ͩƽص˵ͷ߰ɡ
ɵͷشͩ뿪Ƭԭ
һ·ϣͩŷԴ൱ḻĳЩΪͨĵط
ȻЩԴͩ˵㲻ʲôǶЩµʿ˵Դɾ൱ˡ
ңһƬԭش۸ͱȵ½˵طˡ

ɴͩȥ
״½ĳ൱ԭʼʯͷľͷΪϽɵģߴĳǽŴ൱ֵġ
עľǳϷŵһɫͭ
ͷų΢⣬ų·ǡͺҹΪ·һ㡣
͵͵شͩһۣ˵ǰ߰ɣǽǡ
ͩޱ飬ֻȴǰСӹ飬⾵һ챦Էֱϵʿ
ԭʵܼ򵥣ʿﵽ֮󣬾ͻɾ壬֮ʿ񼶱ȻѪ֮
⾵һգ֮Ӳķֳۣԭ͡
⾵ӶµʿûʲôЧֻҪС
ҲϾʵǲģҲµʿǵҡ
񼶱ϵʿǵĻͻ൱鷳
һ㣬粻ʲôܡ
ʿ״½񼶱ϵǿǲǵģǻҰѰ

ͩΪʲôһҪǣ
𰸺ܼ򵥣ǴС
ͩԱܿ񼶱ϵ׷ߣµ׷ߣҪôĳҵͩҲǷǳ׵顣
߰ɣǽȥͩݲȵسȥͩɲ⾵ӣΪͩӶɹ˵һ˥ʼͲ֮ôˡ
۴ӱ滹Ǵ˵ͩѪ֮
õġɴͩ˳š
ƺϵ÷ɣسүˡ
ֻǵ˵ͷͩ˳ؽˡ
ݲôһܵôΣյҰȥԣͩʵ
ɿͩ˳ؽ˳ţûͭӦҲ˿
Ӻˣҵ˵ˣӺҪҪǿֻвͣսޡɰȻػشǼңֻҪˣбڸ档
ͩˣ˵ͷ͵˵һǿʢ
ǵȻҸǿսĸ֣үүս߼ǿߡʮֵ˵
ս൱񼶱ǿߣſλʵֻԪһͬ١
ս֮սս֮սʣ

ǰսĸ𣿡ɺʵ
أͩػص
϶ǣΪʱ򣬾ͺҸһ㡣ɻش
ǺǡͩЦѹСһԼվˡ
ǵͷߣһ֮ذɡͩתƻ
ǰҵطȥҼסɡд
Ҫ˳סһʱ䣬չȥ̫ˡͩҡͷ˵
ʲôϵҼҿɴˣԺӶǣҵľˣɲ㱨ĻҲҰˣ˵
٣ҲȥҼһˣҸлСɼȰ˵
Ҳաͩûжܾҡͷ˵
ڷɵĴ֮£ͩһ޴լԺſڡ
벻㾹ȻǳүѵôãôŬѵãѵáͩ̾һ˵ȻԾҲûмһشСС
ڴʱԺŴһߴ׳Ĵ󺺴˳мں档
ӭţδ̨֪ɶ鷳˰ɣ׳Сڵк
ͩҲ֪ڷǳ٣ֱֱȥûôơ
ףλǰҵľˣǿߣҸ֮رչҾʹҼˡҲûʲôڻش

Ŷԭ̨ҼСľˣǾ͸ϡˣ룬롣
ͩҲֻøŽˡ
˿ֱ֮
ҽڤǴ˳ǰ֮δ̨֪ڤܵ
ҽߣĴΣĺΪҡͩԼĻ
ߣûʲôϵģһֵĳƺ
ĳڴ˶л־֮ĳҪʧȥһˡڤڵл
֮ͣʱĳزģҲҪСһΪָ·жҲˣҪ̫ˡͩ
Ҫﳤסһʱ䣬ڸаɣԺ֮УŵĶľԺӶǣСľˣҲίˡڤǳɴ˵ŲܾͩԸȥɨԺ
ͩҲ˳۵شӦ
ڤΪͩϴԵĶǸ߼Ѫ⣬ͩԲߣΪЩģɱõѪ⣬̺˳ԪѪ
֪ͩȺǿʳѪдߵεдˡ
Ҫ֪ǷĳүҪʳҲֻԼȥֻÿԪ

½ϵԪ൱棬һ̺һżΪҪĴٽá
ʹͩЩԪתٶȸʮ
ͩ˵Ҳһˡ
ͩס˳ĶСԺΪ˸̽ͩؽơ
ͩọ́ԼϢȫ׷١
˽ʿؾҪҵͩ
ǾؾôҪһˣֱǴ롣
Ҿؾ֮УǿĹ֮⣬ʿĴڡ
꣬ʿǴˡ
Ȼеԭкܶ࣬ɷЩǿ
ʿҪҵͩԲǼ򵥵顣
ҪǣЩҵͩżȴ޷ۼĳѰңµʿȻҲͨݡ仯Уƾǵı£ҪҵͩټǼֱǳ˵Σ
ھؾڴĿĲݡ
ǴҪؾѰʿȻϽؾǰæѰͩ䡣
˵ʵͨɱջ󣬻൱޴ģǿҲãǿҲգԴ˷ǳԡ

ͩתȱ绹Ҫ֮󣬱ר˹
Щá
˵ʵڵģ׷ɱǿɲһѹɽ
ֻо֪ζǶôؼ尾ѹ
ͩҪסѹѹеĿ־壬ҪԼǻۣټײ˾ؾؾΣͩҲ֪ˡ
ʮؾÿһؾһۺǿߣҲÿһܹýΪ֮ɵ
ֻ˵ؾôؾ֮У൱⡣
ͩת֮࣬ҲһЩ׵ȭΪھؾͩóɱʩչط˴ܰɣ
ԣһ޵ķžͱҪʱŵͻһ¡
תͩһֱĸֻްˣô˹Ҳͩɽ
ת֮ͬҲһž׵񹦡
ȻǺôࡣ
Ȼ񹦣з֮Чйţֻһֱͩ
ΪûǸҪ


469  Դʯ
ͩÿϴתԺȭ
ͩȻ㲻ͨʱܹɵ֪ԲĶ
̶ǧ꣬תۼ
ǧʱ䣬ͩڱչ֮жɹһṳ̂СԺӡ
ͩѾˣڶɹ˵˥֮ǰʹؾ棬ǽԽѰҲ¡
棬ͩףԼ϶۵Ķ֣ʹܹƾʱҲұ֤ʱᱻܻ
ǧ˷ʱͩ⣬ͩﶼǳ塣
ǰˡɵĴɤ
ɤ̺ǿ͸ͩⲼõĸ硣Ȼһ֮ˡ
СӣÿҪ²һ˲ʡġͩЦʵõĸ൱ª׾ͿƵ
ҲͩΪ֮Ϊ̫ĸʹͩڴԵø롣
ΪȻҲգ
ֵ̫ͩǲ̫޴Ǳ¶Լߵ

ǰҿ㣬ǧ궼ûг㲻𣿡ޱȾʵ
ɣҪ˵ûûСġڤڷɵ󣬿ڽѵ
ǣסɿɲҶײԼĸס
ߣҪֵָ㣬Ľô𣿻񣿡ڤѵɵ
ɵΪȻѾﵽʥ弶ļ
ԭڤּ٣ɡָС֮£Ҳǿ˳ۣΪͶԵԵʣαؿأͩ˵
һ˽ԺӣԺ¡
ɣ㵽һȭȥҪڤ˷ɵһȭ
ҲʮֶµصһȭȥˣʮҡҲһ񣬷Ҳ̶ǧͽôˡ
ν²ڤ£˵ɡͩ΢Ц˵
ãԹ̫ɽ֮нԴʯʮǰŹûᣬʱȻһڤ˾Ҫֳɽ³֮ջĽԴʯһɷ֡ǿߣҲŹΪĻɣڤżɽ˵
ͩ˼ţνԴʯ֮ΪʯʯпСܣҲ˵ʯҲƶɱ֮һ

ֱ缫ٳΪ൱̣һϡٵΣؾ֮С
ؾܲɣʢ˱ؾ֮һ
ʿô˱ֻǵĵرƷ
ھؾ֮е˱ȴıƷ
սϵʿҪ˱ڿٶ죬ȡ
ڶһսһΪսĸ֣Ԫͻӳ࣬һ£սһԻһ꣡
ԺÿһԪһꡣ
ֻҪ㹻ĽԴʯ˽ʿĽٶ൱ֲġ
׼սʿֻҪɹһԴʯͿԽ
ȻԴʯҲһ˳ģҲзյġɹҲͰˣûгɹǾͻᱻԴʯ֮еű
ǳΣգ
Ѷȣȼ𣬹ѶҪ
ֻǣĽʽȻ򵥣ȴǳ֮
ĳֻҪ䣬Իĵϣ
ھؾ֮У۷ľżսҲֻܻŸꡣ

Ÿ꣬Ƕ̶̵ľѡ
ĸԪҡͷм
ǣɷϵǣսǱ൱ֲΪһսĳɱҪԶԶκһ
ţһЩ񼶱ĸ񼶳ɱҪһЩ
ֳֻ˵ʵϣİٷ֮һ磬ڻҶѡ
ó߼ɱǲġ
ͩ˵ҪԴʯǽԴʯҲȷʵͩҲΪı
ԴʯҲƷֵ֮ģĽԴʯҲ׶ĵرõĽԴʯǴﵽױ
Դʯһָһĵرʯ߽ڲԿسһǴǧԣֱΪǧʯ
ͩӵдǧʯʱԱøǿֻߵͩٴǧʱ򣬴˱ѹ磬ʹͩĴǧӼ̣֮ǿ
֮ʵ̫ˣൽԸӵĳ̶ȡ
ЩãµʿǼߣڴ˵޵ĲƸ

Դʯ٣ƷΣж˲᣿ͩ˼һʵ
٣̫ɽԴʯÿʮ緢һΣÿδԼһٵңƷʲڤ˵ĶǸļʮǰսϵǿߣᱦƽÿǰɳʮʮȵᡣڤ˵ȻˣҲǸǰ໥ЭԵʡ
Ϊ̫ɽǷԲʮǰΨһԵõԴʯҪأΪ˸õռ⴦أռˣ⼸ʮǰ齨һɢˣƽʱиԵΧҪҪƬ򣬾ͻԿ
Ϊ˸õعϷֽԴʯÿʮ꣬ЩǰɳᣬֻǶʶһķΧ֮ڡ
ٳǴսǸĴۿɾͺȥˡĽԴʯֲʧġ
ջˡ
ͩڽԴʯȻҲ뷨ΪԴʯƷıƷȻͩ˥֮УϾƷ񣬵ͩռϣպơ
ãҴӦˣС˺ӣϣڤֲҪʳԶʡ֣ͩص˵
ڤ˵ͷ϶ػشЩԴʯˣΪԶš
ͩ˵ͷûٶ˵ʲô

¶Էڡ
ͩΪǧ֮УѾﵽ˶ʵĳ̶ȡ
˵һǳžʱ䷨ںд׶εĻôʾѾǵˡ
ܹ֮ͩоٶȴٲһʱǧܽһ
ɹ˵ڶ˥֮ͩٶȴٶͬ첻١
ͩǧҲս֮ϵãʵ
ʱ򣬿²ֻǣܻ߲ܿᡣҵ֮ҪҲΪ˶Ըߵԡڤ͵
ͩ˵ͷκ˶ʿԴʱ̰޼ɡ
Ϊʵ̫󣬴ޣǿơ
˵ˣǾ̫ˡ
Ҳֻвпľܹʷ壬ǿԽǿ
ǧͩľת˵תصľ磬ȾԿƼˡ
ǰͩڶ˵һ˥֮ǰŽתתڶصľ磬޳֣Ҳֻǽضѡ
ǵ״½̶ǧ꣬أﵽ˵תأò˵ķǳʺ񹦡

תתǿʲô̶ȣ
˵ͩڹƾ˵սǿ棡
ת׾Ȼʵޣǵ⹦׵ȭʽ򵥣þķʽȴǷǳ
õľҲؾʿһõþϣб
ͱȵʿһԴ
򷽱ȷǵ˫
Ȼͬͺŵ棬˫ĶȻҪǿڵ档
ãһΪʮǾͳʲôҪ׼ģ;ɡڤ˵ŷ뿪ˡ
ͩĿȥֲ֮һªĸ磬̾һ߽˷䡣
˵ʵڤĻҪ˶ͩҲ뿪
Ȼסǧ꣬ܿ졣֮ǰĻ۶ΪͩٴȥٶȾͻήˣԣͩҲ·½Ľ
״½ϣоŸ۹һΪ׵۹£ķ
ͩȥʶһϣ׵۹ܲʯֹؾδûҪĴ㡣
ֻûгɹ

ʮͩʰһУ˳Ĵ
ڤ󣬻սǿߡ
ҽһ
λˣλп֮һڤͩ
λֱɡǶϣǸʸϵĿ䡣ڤָ˵
ͩó˵Ԫ¿ҪﵽˣٲͻƵĻҪ˼͵ˣһνԴʯܾܿһˣҪΪ޷ʮĽԴʯûǵķˡ
ͩûнֻ֮ͩǺǻ˵ͷʾһ¡
λǸмҽˡ֥ડڤָλ׳˵
˵׳֮Ԫ޻úܡ
ؾʿԪƤ֮ϣԪ࣬ͻһģԪ룬ֵ׳ͻڤԼˡ֥વ׳ģԪͻɡǶһģ
ȻֻƤʵϣӰʵ
ҪɡǶϿȥϵÿ߲·ˣʵϣǵʵһС
ȥޱȵʵͬ롢ˮ֡
ҪǵǣǾͻ㣬ΪŨĲǾ

λ֣էδô繦ֶ֪ΣҲҪһͬǰĳҪֽһ֥վ˳
֥˱Ĺͣɴڤһ˵漴ͩǸ˼֡
ͩЦЦ˵ڤֿˣȻλ֥ϵҪ̽̽ĳֶΣֻ׳ˡ
ͩɲɵӣһֱչؿޣȻʵߵݣûϵϰʵȴûбֹһȥԴʯͩûһʵȥ˾˷ʸ
ڤ˼ݣ˼ɶ飬˼ɵͩҪ̽ͩʵ
ԣŻһĻ
Ҳãд裬Ҳ۵֮һĳҲͲˡĳϣλ㵽ֹҪ˺ڤ¶˺ͰЦ˵
ĳףȻڤΪѡͩ˵ͷʾͬ⡣
ģд裬ѣ֥ỵµġ֥Ҳϵ˵
ɡǶ϶һۣʲôҲû˵
Ǿ͵䳡ȥطխСʵ޷ʩչڤ˳ˮ۵˵Ͼսǿ߽֣ನҲ԰ƽˡ


470  Ƽ
䳡ڳԺһǳĳأ弸ÿһʱ䶼Ƶļԡ
λѣ㵽ֹ˺ڤ˵ԶԶ˿
ɣ֥ͩȳ֡
ͩҡҡͷȳаɡͩһоͰ֥״ˣԺظ˼ӡ
ȭ֥˫Ƴʻצ״һǰ˳ȭ״̬
һѸٳͣһͷ޴ͻ۶Σͩһ˹˫צֱָͩš
һȭƸͣͻɽƲɵսʿҲòԴ
ͩȴвٷһȭǲһȭӲһȭҲ˵ֺͩ
ͩβ˫΢΢ֲ棬΢¶ס
һףһȻƺͻɽĸƲͬ
ƣɰٴᲢã
мһ־֪ûС
ڳԹ۵һڸ֣һĻҲ΢΢ɫ
Ѿͩǰ֥ɫһһֲɶԿ
ı˵֥һСӵĻͩƾͷ·Ĵ󺣣
˴˸С

ʿ޷֮֮ɵԪ춯صͨ
ؾʿ۵Ǳơȭ
Ųͬѣ̸˭˭¡
ֻǾؾʿ֮Ѿƫ˴ϲܳѼԪ
Ҳȫܣһλ۷ۼʿõʯɹĻõĻЩԵǺпܳѼԪ
Ի䣬ǻԵɺϣǰҲϲ
ܹӦϳģֻ䱦Ǯ£ͩľ뻹̫Զ
ԣܡֻˡ
ðɣʹײˣҲǼռ
壬ȷĵ·ڳѼԪ棬ÿһÿһʿпߵ˰
Ŵ󳬼֤ǼÿһԪٶһλԪ֮
ҪԪ
չƣԪ档ǿ߳ɾ۷ۣԪҲ޾ģ֮ʱ
һ䣬Ǿǰ
ԭ۷磬ͲôܹﵽġԪһˣʹһֳѵϣ

ǣʱ䲻ۻ۷Ҳܹۻһһ۷۾ͶһֳԪ֮ϣ
һ۾Ͷһϣﵽ۷۵
Ĳ࣡
ɵ·˥֮ڶ࣬һɹҲһ۷ֻۣǸġ
ɵɹ˥ߣͱ۷۸༸ֳѼԪϣ
ǿҲǿʮԪϵ»ۣܷչһ
вʱ壬עᱻ̭
Զ񣬶ˣû⣡
ؾ壬ȻĳҪ𣬺Ѻѣ
֥ͩȫһηصһӣᾢ϶֣һȸβٽһҰףһ֮£֥˴˳ȥصˤڵء
̫ȭ
ͩʱϰ̫ȭͩ˶ʱһ˿䡣
ת˾̫⣬ͩȻһֶ֮С
Ϊ̫⣿޷̫Բתãǵĵ˼롣
ԭ˵ˣ̫ȴá
ͺϰռ䷨ʱ䷨һ

ڤԹ߿һĻһ
ЩǵԤϣ֥ʵǺսļӽ弶ΪҲʧܣ˭Ҳû뵽ܵô죿
Էһûнʧˣβڤ˳Ծ
ͩðȭΪ֪ڲʱ̫ȭľͷȵԺʱȥҲһģֻҪ˿Ϳˣؼ
֥Ÿľʹ䣬ˣķڷ
ûа취̫ˣ벻Ҳа
ڳ˶ûͩĵףҲûп͸Ϊжߡ
ڼʶͩʵ֮ԼЩˡ
ڤ˷ܵòˣ벻ӾȻһǿĿߣһİԼĻ϶٣
ڤҲսżѣܹǧʱ֮죬Ҳǿű幦ͺԴİ֮¡
ڤǧǰųսá
֮ȫͬЩ֮ͬ
˵һͻʱǿǿĿֱ۷壬ֻһˮ׼

ʿͻսʱҲͬǿǿĿ̵ʱڽս۷塣ֻսһңڴ֮󣬽һ൱ѡ
Ȼڤսµľʱ൱ۺ񣬲Żô졣
ڤǶ϶һۣԿ϶λսϵǿߡ
ǿߣƾһ֮һǰϸߵ֮Ȼ
ߣǴ½һΪȺ壬׷ǿ󣬶һܣȫĵͶ֮Уԣǿޱȡ
һսĿҲʲôֵ顣
ˣ֥ڷ˰ɣڤʱط˹⻺յ
ǵģȻǿ֥ˡ֥˳»˵֣ͩص֮ǰ¶еǰҪ⡣
޷Ѱˡͩʾ⣬Ͳֵܷ̫壬װװͿҲ͹ȥˣûбҪ档
ǲҲҪ˰ɣɳվתƻͩĿ⣬Ҳࡣ
ԣԣʱȥ̫ԴˣҪȥˣǿɾͿˡڤ˳ƵӦλ̰ɣһΣֵջȻʤǰ

ڤһڰ˷ɳ˳ǣ̫ɽȥ
ڴͬʱ̫ɽļʮǰͬɳ죬ͬһĿĵظȥ
ͩؾҲǧˡ
ЩҲ֪жٴѰͩĸ֣֮жԽԴʯȤһЩʿҲȥһ֡
ʿؾ֮ǵΪᱻؾѹࡣرϵǿߣܵӰ
ͩһ֤ΪȻڣҲڣȴѹţӲ
𿴣ͩǶʣҪﶯڿ£ʩչתܿκβһսǿߡ
Ϊʲô˵أ
ΪսսսǿҲͬǿطжԷҲֻܴˣ޷ɱʿǿָҲͬǿ
ɱǸأֱӱ¶ԼߵʵűȺ֮ɡ
ԣΪ˶Ŀͩһҵŵؾͱչز޾ת
ҳߣȻŲսʵǿ
ͩҲ˶¶ֻҪ÷ɱ¶ͩͿðһ

ʮպͩһиϵ˽Դڣ˴һĻɽڣΧǿҵĻͿռ䲨
˿̸ľԲֻڤһˣǽгǰˣȻн֮ࡣ
ⲻصΪصǻɽػĸǣͳһɫסΡ
ôЩǿ߾ǼʮǰɳҪǿߡÿһҲս𣬼ʮսػЩҲڤΪͩ˵
ͩ˵ͷȷʵˣؾ֮ͬΪ֮£ȫǶ֣ԿʵѹƵ̫ˡ
ҲΪʲô׷ؾſڣҽȥԭ
۵Ŀ̫ˣȥ֮ʵѹƵµļ𣬰ȫܵвҲûͩС仯ͨʹܹݣҲᱻسǰʶ񾵸ϳ
ۻȻ񷶳룬֮һ֮£Ρ
ټ֮п۷۵ǿߣͬڽϡٵĳɽ֮ʵӿֲĹޡ
Щʶ츳Ϊʳ൱ײС

ؾѰʿ֮ôߣҲΪԭʵϣϵֻٲ֣󲿷ֶҰ͹භ
ȻҲһЩǿܹɱޡ
ΪʳͬǱ죬Ĺ޲֮졣
ʱƣռ䲨ȻԽԽ
˾ҵĿռ䲨ҲǼΪټ
˵ھؾַʱյĹؾ֮ˡ
죬һۿɼĿռ羹ȻͻȻ˷Բϰ
ͩûжʣȻͩҲ̫ô£Ҳܹµõ֡ⷽԲȻѾˣȻȻΪ֮ƺ˱Դʯĳ
֮ӡˡڤ˷ܵ˵һǾҪһ˭ܹɱӡΧڵԽ࣬ôֵĽԴʯҲԽࡣ
ڤͩ˵Ļ
ͩ˽⵽ԭԴʯÿһγ֣ռӡͻһΣֱԴʯұϷΪֹ
һ֮
߶ԽԴʯ֮ģͱһӡҪõԴʯ͸Ӳܡ

ΪԼֶοԽֵĽԴʯһԼڴ洢ɱҲûа쵽õصĶ
ӡ֮ڣлõ緢ĽԴʯ
ǽоͲɱؽᱻһǿߵɱĶ
ͩҲ֪νݶʵǽ緢ĽԴʯһƽָңһÿǰɵĶ飬ȥɱߣɱս£ߵĶ֣ٵٷ֡
ͩˣҲɵþӳ¡
ͩҲߣЩȻߵⲻò˵мַ̺ͱ
ϸһ룬֮ͬڵҲ൱ң˵ߡʵ̫󣬰壬ͩȥ
ңʱ򣬿Щ߶Լ鷳ģϸ˵ͩĵˣͩһϰҲûС
ȻǶһߣǸҵһ𣿡ڤѯʵ
ճ˼أͩûо飬Ҳò⡣ʵ˵ĸѡ񶼿ԣνġ
ԼģȻǶٶҪö࣬ñҵۡڤȻŹƲá


471  
Դʯ֮һɽµһͨɽ֮Уڱˡ
ɽ֮еı˿ٳһ޴Ļ᳡
Ž֮ࡣ
Ŀˣʵ񼶱ĸֲ٣Ķǰ񼶵ʿ
Щ˶ǱΪʮλǿ߸ټġ
ʮһ⣬ȫ
֮ǰ˵ؾ֮УѰ̽յʿǰΪǲҪΪͻΪ׷Ϊ˹ƴ
֮⣬һЩΪծԭռԴƸģǿҲһЩˡ
ϵʿǲûðյġ
ʮ׾ͬԴḻвٵطرΨؾ֮УϵǿѹƼ󡣺αؾðأ
ԣûϵǿԸؾðա
һΣ۵˴ΧͩԲŻô
Ϊ˱գĶǱ֣ǸȺĸ֡
Ͼһⶴɱջ̫ˣѱЩȺĸֻᷴˮ

λ۴˵ĿʲôڣǱϣЩ΢ȻҰǵ£̣ȴ̲£һλżɽ
ڳμӻˣֻһ壬ʿһⶼǱǿõ׳
Ҫ˵вҲǿ϶ģֻΪ۵ͶѹеĲ
ڱټ飬ҲΪҵͬͬΪߣж
Ƕأ
кθ߼˸͵
ѽҲ̲¡
кηԸ˵
͵˺ܿʹﵽ߳ϣȻЩ˸͵ԭ򲢲һ
ܺãλ뿴һλվ˳ͷųӰʾڵĵΡ
ǵ̽飬ңÿһսǿߣǲɴ⡣ټػڽԴڵļʮλսʵ൱
˻˶һ
Ͼģ󲿷ֶֻǰѣЩսǿɲǶ֡
λҪţȻʵǿ󣬿ͬվȶ

û˵ѣˣȻųɶǰ񣬿ͬλ֮࣬ʮ֮ࡣ
һϣǲײⳡġ
ĸͬ൱ߣС
ȻǧʿͩǾؾſ½֮ѰһˡҪ˵ǧʿʮڡҲ˵ܹҵ
ⲻǴ룬ˡ
ⲿ˽ؾ֮󣬱ɢſ½֮󣬾͸Ե΢ˡ
˵ˣһʧȥϵ
Ҳˣûôвʿһ߽ңһ߿ʼΪԼ㡣
νļѰʵҲʲôϣˣ̫ġŬΪԼ㡣
ԣһεľۻᡣ
ԴʯǿϡȱԴƷԽõĽԴʯԽѵá
ңҲ֪ԴʯͬҲıƷܹһԴʯǷƣҲܹһķչ
ǳȥܹԴʯҪԴתΪƸȡıƷǾ͸ˡ

ʱͬˣռ佻׵Ŀ΢еݶܹŪһռ佻׾ھؾ棬ͬͨ׿ռ䣬ɷ͹ֱܹŪһЩƷʵĽԴʯ׿ռ䣬ԿȨޡ
˿ռ佻׾֮󣬲ɢ޾˸ˣǰǮû·ȥҪԴҪˣֻҪΪˡԼ˴ʱ䣬ΪٶȻͿˡ
ҿǷǳõص㣬ǰλ󷨣áԺܺõ۴ҵӳǵơ˵൱λ
ŴҼ˼壬ʼﱸ
ͩڤһ£Уڴ֮ǰҲαԵĺ˼룬ǲڶ
ڴʱѾвǳصĶһжˡ
ĶԽԽ١
ͩҲɴظڤһкһһˡ
ͩߺڤȼ˾ۼһ
жʱҪСһ㣬һʱ䣬½϶˲ߵټ˵٣ƺʲôͼıڤص˵֮Կ˱صȥЩ飬ҪΪλսǿġ

ͩһ˶Уû鱨֧֣ôطѵҪ
뵽ͩɵ÷һų
ףȻָλˣҾȻ𰸣ͩΪȵ˵漴ͩͷӦˣǿԾһɱߣôЩʿͬҲԾһη
ͩһѸ뿪˴˵ء
֪ͩ崦طĴʿǶķص㣬רŵϵն
֪ͩǣѡķȻʿĴӪʿ֮һսƼ
νǣԵɺϰɣ
ͩĵؿз˰죬ȻһӰûҵ
ⲻѧأͩʶɨɨûκη֣ѵҵˣܣ
ͩԼ÷ģͺԼǰ;һš
ַ˰죬ͩ֡
ף󷨣ͩʶʼʶ󷨸Ӳͩʶɨ裬󷨲Ҳ̫
ԸЩһϲܻͨУҪͩɾඡ

ۣͩ˺ܾûпۣһ㿴ͨɽ塣
ֹͩܿرۣһȡ
ΪɽڲͿգһ޴Ļ᳡ʱ滹Ŷʮλ֣ڰŪͼ
λϣһλ۵ͬǿĵͻȻоһֱ˿ӵĸоָֻоÿȥҲ졣
֣ǲ̫һ㣿һ¡
ϵ﷢㶣˵һ¡
Ӧ˹˵Ѿȶ˸ЩʿĴ޵ΧɱЩǵǵ̽·ʯصʵڹؼʱһٷ̣ռεнԴʯ
ƻ۵ǿ߿ڵţòʳŵ˭࣬˭ͷֵԽࡣ
ֻֻۣǿ߲ţҲ˵һʣ
׷ͩǿߺܶ࣬ʼĴȴ٣ֻвʮλ
״½ֻܾܿһλʡ

ôõĻᣬץסǲŽпϧˡͩЦЦȻ˵ɽ֮У˶أơ
ͩУֻԳʡ
Ǿؾʿܵ޴ѹƣͩȴ˾תתأʵ
ͩһ£װ֪ϸƵش·ӡ
ͩͻȻ֣ԤͬʱҲɽе˾
ףȻֻһˣʵʶҲ൱˳ȥ
ˣΪǲӦôݾߣһй¶ȥǵļƻܵӰ졣վԵ
һжܲ߻ܲıɲϣƻΪС¶κ⡣
Գʲˣ˵һСɫҲݾߣ˵ˣǴݾΣ˱Գ֣Щս
λ˵൱ţʵϣҲȷʵˡ
Գ屾һͨ壬λھؾ֮Ȼѹ˷ʵҲǿֻ֮֮£Աְ˳ϵʵʵڳ֮ǿġ

Ϊʣ̫ߣھؾ֮УȻԷӳսʼʵһ˺ɨڴļʮλսҲǲܵġ
ĸ壬еʱ򣬲Ϊǿˣǻ۾һܸߡ
еۼǿߣֻʺֺͻʺϲȺĶߡ
ȻҲһЩģ˵巽ۣÿһܹһ棬ʵǿǻҲС
ʵһΪﵽۼĴڣǻ۶ԲȥֻҪԸԸȥ˼ˡ
ͺλԳʣȥƺǳ³ç³çǽھԵʵ棬Ϊ֪ļƻˣҲ㹻ʵס
²ңȻ˾ˣȥ졣ʮʶȤˡ
ڳʱɲ֡
Ըȥͷ­
ҲԸ⡣
ˣԸ
ˣЩ궼ﻵ˰ɣȻˣǾһȥˣ󣬷ɽȣҲҲᱻίˡ
ǣ˵ʵڵģҲȷʵǱﻵˣΪ⼸ǧ궼æŴͩ䣬һöأܿעΧˡ

ͻȻ֮䣬һ޴󷨽ɽȷͩڳһһı顣ۿŴɽ֮ӿֳ˶ʮ֣Լһλʡ
ʰʵļӣһ۹ˣһ޴ĻϣԵüϡ
ߣôࣿͩװһƾȵı飬Ϊŷڵݡ
ȿˡɻһѰ·ϣɱ
ֳɱɱ
ھؾ֮еʵԳ֮⣬ʿֻҪǿϲ٣Բʵǿ
ܹӳĳɵʵѾԵˡ
ͩȴͻȻһıһӣ˷͵ɱǰ
ҲҪ汳ġͩظߺš
ʵϣһ˵һٶǰľȣֱ˵һȭ
һûʲôãһм򵥵ֱȭ
һȭʵʵϡ
ͻȻɴ۾һɿµĻڣʼظƻ
һ֮£徹ȻѸβѸٵ˳ȥɳȥٶȱٶȻҪ
·һһ㣬ص˴֮ϣһϵӦ


472  ɱ¾
˵һͲ˵ڶĸ
һڸǰܿʮһ⣬Ǳͩȭ䵹ڵءȻˣǵʧ롣
ͩ¶תǿ
߻񹦵Բֽ񹦷ܱġ
ͩΪǿ߸Ķ֣οЩϴɼ׶ⲻѰ·ʲô
ⲻܣ
ôܣ
ѵΣ
ǿŵؿűصͬǱӣ˾ȵؽе
ͩһ˫ȭֻһеɱȴԽͩȭ
ߵʱԿĪװϵĲࡣ
һսʧأʧͬС
һȽװھؾ
ҲʹǿҲ鱦ɱá
ɱһԣǾܹ
Ȼõ˴Ƚװ˵̫ˡ
ԣܹӵ鱦ɱǿߣΪսʼϵĴڡ

üͷ壬˵սʣ
ߣﲻǸĵطȻˣҲͱȥˣԶɡͩһǿߵĿǶЩ˵˹ȥ
СģսʣǸϣΧɱˣʺԥؾͳȥ
Գȭɫսףִϵɱȭףһ־ǿط
ͩҲʾ򵥵һȭԺȥ
˫ȭཻصԶΪ͵ӿܵɽֽܵش׷ѻ̮
ܾͷ·ĩһ㣬۶ﻹֲ۾ʯɽԱΪƽء
һν֣߾Ȼƽ֡
ͩˣ漴뵽֮еһ֧Գ壡
ܹھؾ֮бʵǿߣ֮зǳ٣Ĵ֮УֻаͩŽ۵öаǿߡ
ԣ֮⣬ֻдԳڽ۵ĵɷΧ֮ڡ
ͩ˼֮䣬Ѿʶƴʮȭ֮ࡣ
ãʹ죬ʹ죡ԽԽ˷ܣ˷ܵսʣǱҪȻúõشʮʮҺ֣

δ䣬ʮͬʱͩӿ
ת򷨲֣ͩڣһɫֽͩͩ·һˣϸ
ʮͩϣȴûͩĽϴһۼ
˾תķšתֻͩʩչֻתˮƽﲻ򷨲ֵĳ̶ȣǧֻǲģЩǴ򲻶ġ
ǿһĻš
Ҳδ̫ǿ˰ɣ
ôûЧ
ôܣ
Ҫ֪Ƕõȫһɱġ
Ҳе㷢£Ҳ벻սʵǿ
ԳɱϾߵҲ֮ǿ̶ֳȣҲЩš
һ֣ʾͲСǿĶ֡
ȥ°ɣ˽ӦҲףԼսʵʱ򣬸á
˱ߣôףͩЩȥ
ôУɶĶǱʣóѣԳ䣡
һͷصԳͻȻ֣񱩵ѹɢ硣

ֻǾԳһָԿֲƳͩ
εͩͼʹͩòֵ
ͩȴǺںλΪһգ֮嵽һλǰȻһȭ
֮£գȭ
һȭ֮ͩ¡
ѾܹشһֱӴޡ
ͩ·ͻȺһ㣬һȭһ̶Ϣв߸ͩ
ʣµֵɢӣȻͩȡɣ߸֮ǰͩ˹ʮ֮ߣ˵ġ
ӣ
ǿ
ܣ

ʼΪߣָƣ͵
𡪡ȥ
ͩʵĹΪһݳ乥Χ
ȭ
ͩ׷һȻͬһȭȻֵһش˵
һ˵֮ǰһ㵣૵ϵȷɼףôһ
ȴ֪ͩõĴ͸£͸ɼףֱӹ䱾

ܣܵõ𣿡ͩһһݷɲǳصģͩˣΪо˶Ŀ֮Ч
ؾռ
Ҫȴ޷طһ㣬ֱһռ˲ƣֻ˺ѿռܡ
ֻͨС
Գķٶȷʵͩһ˵ǵķٶȾС׼ˡ
ͩգ֮׷һȻȭһȭƿһȭ䷴һȭ͸壬ǿƻһգ˯֮Уͩһ£ȻֲһȭԳ
ͩΪūΪ˵زѵص㣬ֻ÷
ͩһֵӡһ
ӡȺƾ֤
˵ɱһٸߣ˵ɱһǧ˭˵Ĳأ
ľͩҲ׵ӡ֡
ͺս£¼ġ
ƺûū֮ͩ˯νأ
ӡãͩҲûȫǲҪ֦ĺá

Ȼ˵޷ūۣеϧʹɱˣҲľ޴ʧ
պ󱻸ˣһεҲΪͣδɾ;ʹ˶͡
ͩȭ
Ҫɱңͩһ
ʴˣңʸɱ
Ҳͩû뵽˷񣬾ȻԼҲµ˺֡
ˣԳˣѾʧȥǡʶԳеΪڿ˼ȫԼ˵ף˿̲սʿֲһӿ¡
ȷʵѾʧȥǡ
Գ䣬ǴԳĿ츳ͨ츳ϿԴﵽű䣬ÿһһǳ
һ룬۷ʼĴԳ壬һһ̾ͿԿ۳ڵĴܣĿ³̶ȣʿ֪ˡ
ԣԳһֱ֮ʵΪǰһ֧Ⱥ
ȻбףǾΪԽߣԳʩչĸҲԽ
˵۷ҪʩչԳ䣬ΪǿߡΪǿԽһ󾳽Դü󣬺ܱ֮ܿ̾ͻᷢʧȥǣֱйеɷΪֹ

СҪ˶
ԣǼûдԳǿߣԸ츳ͨ
Ϊͨһ˫н˵Ҳ˼Լ˺
ʶʩչ츳ͨҪΪ
ڣͩı̬ʧȥ֮Գǿߣܸܿǿ
ϢʵľΪΪ۷ʵǿڡ
ͩҲΪӣԼٽЩµ֮ͩתΪԳ۵ı̬ǿߡ
أͩʩչƽõŴͨ
ͨǵرСһʦأǿͨ
ͨʩչ֮λþ޴ޱȣǸáǶƿغ͵
֮ͩҲࡣ
ʣһˡͩа̾һȻ˫ȭգηӭʡ
µĸֱͩɱ¾һգȻʩһСƣҲɷսǳԻ͡
ͩ״½ϵɣĨɱͷԳͩžͲֻˣҲһŶԡ

𡪡ʿ˾޴ͩ·ҵĿ꣬ͩڴͬʱ˫ȭӶţ·ȭӰͩ
ǿǱʸǿͩηӭѶˡ
ȻŤһȭȭ⣬һ羪һľ죬һֳƵĻ
ͩת֧ţ֣ˡ
ʵĹͩϣ֮·Ƶͭӱһߡ
ʩչԳ䣬Ź۸ǣͬˣʮϣᱻ߳ҡ
һһ֮䣬þ춯أһѺ۲ϵس֣̫ɽ·ͬʱһ㣬൱
֮ڵʿߣɶˡ
ͩһ˫ãӲӲȭȭ⣬ֻ
ֶƴһʱ
֮£գͩȭϣֳǺӣ໥ƲΧתγһ޴ޱȵϵ
ϵͩȭ֮Σһȭ׼ȷš

ȻֱӴ͸ɼ׺۵ı˫ش͸ڡ
ŲԲλôһȭȻ͵ر
ǴԳǿߣڱͩһȭ࣬ˣ
ǴԳȻڼ޸ƣҲ޸
ֻһԳںľǿҲָǡ
ָ֮ʣ󽵣˲۷ʣȻǽڡ
ǿΪ츳ͨûһڣ
ԣλԳǿ߱ˡ
⣬ôܣ
֮Գ֪Լ˿̵Ĵɵһûڣ֪Ͳ˻ˮˡ
ںˣôûţǰԼӽȥˡ
䣬ҲҪ汳ԳȻΪʣ䵽ʣǿߡ
еʵȻڡ
ӲģΪѾؽ˵ˣҲΪܹ޵ĵͬǿߵ׷ɱ
٣ͷˣϻͩ˲ʮȭͨȭ˫شȭʵ̫ʹҪС
ʮȭȭȭ⡣
ҲǺʾͩƴȻû֮ǰǿ󣬿ļȴ֮ǰʧȥ֮ʱס


473  뿪
ԳҲһΪ͵һķأٺҲûãվһֻأ˻ˣ
ͩн壬һҪͬǿߣҲоЩԲס
Գ֮пƵһǱа廹Ҫǿ
ֲֵͩ÷ǳࡣ
ҪսپȥˡʹսپҲıԡ
ͩа
ͩȭͻȻһ䣬ԭʮȭͻȻ˱ʵ̫ȭ
ԳȫһȭͩŴȴͩ˫һ΢һࡣ
ãԳͣоĽʧҪջ
ǺȻ֮䣬һǿ˽͵ǰһ
Գʵĳʧȥֻ޿κε˳
ͩʩչһʽֻã˶֮
һʽֵ֮ټ˫˻ȥ
Գʱһػõ˳ȥײɽ塣
ͩĵ׷˹ȥץס˻ûصԳʣȭһ䣬ʮȭԳʵ岻ϵš

Գ͵ؼڰ𣬷׵ĸ߿ա
ܣôףͩ͵һ̣һץסԳʵһȣһ㽫Գʸ
Գʼ㲻ҧȭȵԳȭ
һȭͷ֮ϣͩԴ
ߣûгԹѵͩһ
һʽƣɵмסԳһƴػ
һֱۣԳʽɡ
ãֹŹֵʽԳʰһ⡣
ͩȴŹûᡣ
̽ǵޣһʽɽֿ׼ᣬǽ
ػǽ
̫ȭˣǳװ˸ɡ
ԣԳһαõ˳ȥ
׼ʱͩһΰ˸˻ǼʮȭʮȭõǴ͸ġ
ԳʼʹƷɼףҲסͩټػرǴ͸ȭǿǼΪҪġ
Գʵܿͱ50ľߣֻҪͩʹܳ״Գʵķ֮

ͩҪϼȭͻȻ֮оһΣյϢԴԳʡ
ãҪԱͩӦ죬˲仯Ϊһ⣬˷ɶݡ
䡪Ա൱µġ
ԲǧֱӱΪƽأΪһƬ֮أƿֲ
ͩһݣٶȲԱ֮ǰ˵˰ȫΧ֮⡣
ʿԣҲԸⱻ¡
رһЩʿˣպлᱻȻԳϣٱȨˡ
ߣͩһй
ԷֻһƷɼףɶû¡
ͩΪС
ڴʱһս˹䵽ͩǰһ벻Ȼսʴ٣Сˡ
ö񣬱˿·˵أڤһݣԲŹ֣벻Ȼǿ߽ٴ˵أһ⣬Һǵĵ̣򱾻֮ʤԤϡͩµ˵һԭ
ͩԳһսôĶ벻עҲѰֻ֮ǰսʵ̫ߣû˸ҿ

λսˣڤеʰһСݾȻܹһλսΪ֡
ʣµɱ飬ɱٶ࣬ҲȲλսʴ˵ս
һ֮ߵıҵ˵սܱȣ˴ηһѾûʲôˡλս̱̬
Ȼˣʱһ֮أϢһʱ䣬ȵ֮뿪˵ءͩ˵꣬һ뿪˴˵ء
սҲûж˵ʲô
ȻͩѾ̬ٲɱԣѾùˡ
Ͼͩٲ룬Ǿ̫ƻƽˡλս֮Ը˵أҲΪͩһЩСЭ顣
ͩûɱԣһ徲ĵط
ԭͩ˰ϻúõɱЩؾٵļһǣʵ¶ֻա
һսͩûܵ˺ʵн壬ͩҲܵ˲С˺
һ£Ҳʧ15ϵ塣
ͩת֮һһսһôܣ
ͩһȫĵطˡ

ؾ֮еԪʿü󣬻ָƼ졣
̶һ겻ͩͻָƣҾת
ͩһ£ʱҲ࣬ǳ˹أڸȥ
ͩɵһ·̵ʱͻȻҳͬʱԴʯҲŻɽ緢ӿֳ
֮Ув˶طɳĽԴʯ
ͩҲУæؽԴʯɢ
һʱ󣬻ɽֹͣ緢ͳƣİʮĸԴʯƷ׶ߡ
ڤһΪͩԵʣõ˵һֵ˶ʮŽԴʯ֮ࡣ
ڳٳǰ쳣ĽֻҲֻĽķݣ˭ûбܹһλսʰæأ
ڤóһԴʯõͩǰ˵ԭǰսʴˣҵǵˡ˴ҪǴ˳ҵҲõôĽԴʯЩ⻹ǰ¡
ͩһ£ҲûƴǣЩԴʯȻ󿪿˵ڸϴǧ꣬ĳҲøǣ̤֮·ˡ
ϾͩĿģҲΪ˽Դʯġ
ڤҪֲϾ˼ҿҪˣѵ㻹˼

ͩ˵꣬ҲһԶɶȥ
ڤȻ֮޵ĺڣ֪λսʵĻӦöһЩλ¸ļ󣬻̼ˡ

ͩˣߵ÷ǳѡ
ͩܿͷɳ̫ɽ״½½ȥ
½ǿҲ࣬иָײпµĹޣͩ˴ĿǶ׵۹ĵ۶׳ǡ
Ǵ½һ۹ĵ۶ˣµһǣȻ״½Χڵĳǳȡ
״½ȥѵһ´½һǳأǰһˣ
ͺñȥΣȥһۣǲǰȥ
˿״½֮ڵ׷ѰߣܵСشʱڣͩ±׷ٵ
ͩҲ˾ؾ֮ԪĺôԾڶɹ˵˥֮ǰͩȥ
ʮͩǷɳ˳ǰ򣬽뵽
Ͷĳǰֲһ൱ʮǰ壬Ҫͨĳǰ˸ġ
СĹʮҵĳǳأĹٸǳء
ʵСӣͩһΪõصĹʱš

õعһСֻжʮǳأ˿нҡ
֮ʢϴ軨ҩеСϴʣ֮á
ޱȡ
Ȼͩ˵˱òô
ңϴ軨ҲУʲô̫ϡ̫ϡȱԴֻǶһ߶һ˵ҩ൱Ҫġ
ԣϴ軨Ȼܵ˸ĻӭΪûĸ̫١
õعŷ˻Χ֮УΪԣġ
Ϊõع⣬ԪطҪԵøӻԾһЩԲŻʢϴ軨
ͩҲǿһ㣬ѡһʱ䡣
ʮͩʮƬɽ֣ɱޣһֻʵĹޡ
ҲͲ˵ˣ޿ɾˡ
ͩʼĹ޴ս˼켸ҹȻûܾ˵Ľ
Ϊֻޣͩʱڻܲɱ˴ޡ
ͩûüı֮ڵĶűһ㡣
ԭͩսΪսͻ䣬ͩòǰ뿪ս
ԣͩͽеĥԼ

õع׶Ϊóǣ൱
Ϊĥµģͩѡŵĵط쳾Լġ
ͬʱҲΪóǹ֮УԪġ
ͩɫۣ˳ͨ˳ϵ񾵣С
ǵͩܿ˵ע⣬ϾͩΧ룬һˡ
һصİ꣬Ѹӭ˹ͩΰݵޣǰǰһǵһ˰ɣڳг󣬶ڳһúܣ֪ǰҪʲôЧ͵ģ
ͩϸһΪ޵꣬ռΪÿԣݣӴϿóһСӡ
ҲãȷʵէǸɵúãġͩ˵꣬óöʯӸޡ
޽סʯСزһѸٵͩһǰģһʧġ
֪ǰҪȥóǷΪ˸򣬵һҵսµͨ߻ĵطϲսǰܽȥĵطǰYսǰһȥڶָơǾĹصء

ͩһߣһ˵ͷʾһµȻ൱Ϥ˵Ǹ˸ô£
˸򡢷ֱ⻷ƶסҩװҵڻĹסߵҵߵԴɢԼ̻޸ͩ˵
޵Ľ˵ͩˣ󲿷սµڣסƶסǴΪ£ųеĹ׬ȡ΢룬֧
Ϊó֮еԪȳҪۺö࣬ԲԸҲҪסڳСΪԼǣΪǵĺ롣
ǰӦսϵǿ߰ɣ޿ʵ
ͩͷӦ
ǰͿԽﻷҪ⻷õöࡣ˵ǰȥ
ţһ֮أ˵õĿջͩʵ
ۻʾӣóĿջֻ̫ߣ˵סһܹѰսǿƲ޿ڻش
ţȴȥԴɢɣҪһ㾧ʯáͩ˵ͷҲû̫ġֽ𡱣Ҫһʬ㡰ֽá
ؾ֮еľʯͩʹľʯ
ͩṆ̀ͱ׬ǮС
ȻͩԴûеֽ֣ҲǴ粽еġ


474  ó
޴ͩܿʹ⻷ĽԱ⻷Ҫ۵öࡣ֮ˣҲΪսϵĸ֡
޴ͩԴɢƬԴܹҵǰǮС
һ·ͩҲĵرһŵ˽⡣ԴȫƷʶǴ׵ӦоСС۴״½ԴȷʵԶʤͨĴ½
ǰǰҪ޲ϣõĵطҲǳĹ޴ͩһ͸¥档
ƹĿ˽ţ̧Թޣһͩ͵һ϶Цӭ˹˵ԭǹţ֪͹кҪ
ͩصһͷ˵һʬҪ
ԭˣ͹ٺ룬ط̫СչƹĿ˵
ͩ˵ͷ
ƹķԸһʱ￴ţȻкͩ˺á
ĺùȻܴ󣬴󵽿ɷֻӴޡ
ͩóֻʬá
ƹһȣôࣿ

һôޣΪÿֻ޵ΪʵĲͬ۸ͲһЩϵĲͬееĲֵǮ
ƹ̳ȥкæ㡣
óһĴ̣ڸзֵ꣬ó֮иҷֵ꣬䱳СӣĻƿƲ࣬ʵϣֻҪһкʱټϰٸ¡
ܿ죬ĻƱۺãʼЩʬ
ЩǿһĶսޣߵսʼޣڴЩʬʱ򣬶жͩӿη֮⡣
ƹľ͸˵ˣǿҲսĸ֣Ȼܹóͩһϸڽ֮ʱҲ˹мˡ
ͩǺƹһԺȲȺ
һһʵĻӭ˹㱨ƹģѾˣһǧİʮö׾
ǾɣСͩһҲˣӿ˵
Уƹľˡ
ܹóôһѾѵһĴˣ벻ȻһִԲܷŹοܹóôʬǿߣɾԲֵýá

ϽõƹĻַԸȻתͷһ˵֪͹ڽ㣬Ǵ֮һ㣿
һǣȼ°ɡͩ˰˵
ͩóһʬ
Ļһοʼæµ
ǰǰͩһóʬȡ˽ڵ׾
ôӴ֣ҲòôӴһֽ
ƹĸ뿪һܿͻˣżŰɫľ˵Сʵڴղֽ̫𣬴׻ʼǮׯеľ״½ԶӦ׾ǰɫľһžʹһ׾ƽɫľһŴһǧ׾ɫһŴһ׾
ͩŰ𿨣ŻƽԼӦļʮ׾
յһŹ
ͩ뿪
߰ɣȥۻʾӡͩ˵
ǣǰڻûȫѹǳʶˣ׾ʲô
׾һַǳľʯһʿ඼̳ѪΪѪ֮Ʒ
׾֮ҲܹѪã
׾ͬƷƷʼǾսǿã̶ȸǱƷ׾Ҫߺܶࡣ
ͩν׽׾Ʒ׾

ۻʾӣλóǶ棬ռؼ˵ǿջʵһӴĽȺ
޽ͩ˵ۻʾӣҲ֪Լˡ
ܺãﲻСһŰɣú˵һ죬Ҳдɾͩ͡󷽵ظƷ׾ͩĲܸһЩǸ̫࣬ںˡ
ۻʾӣȻ鴫̤ȥܹظܵĸûʡˡ
ͩǮʵ˳ס˵ۻʾߵ׷֮С
ݳ޵Ķ
ͩһֱԿߵΪʲôһλôߵסۻʾӣ
ʵҲԭڵġ
һҪǰ˵
̫ͩɽ֮ͱܿ̾ۼ֮أɽ֮Уսǿ޺͹ޡ
Щͩɱ˲ޣҲɱ˲ʿ
ǰ֮ͩдһ޶Ѩ֮зһ򣬴зһ˵ܡ
ǰ˭ôֻ޵ĶѨǾͲö֪ˡ
Ȼͩ²⵽бȻй£ֻ²ؼͩҲȥ飬Ҳ֪˶ã飬ҲҲ

ЩҪҪ֮м¼ܡ
һڹɱصܣ
ɣֳƺǾؾ֮еԶ֮һֳƺ
ͩڴ֮ǰҲ֪ԭؾ֮УҲԶż
ȻԶżʵϲϡ棬֮Уż࣬еżû˿ֵԡ
ͩõ֮Уԭصż֮еһξξ֮Уͩһܣ
ȻؾǲͩƲһ㣬ǾҪͩԼȥ֤ʵˡ
ȣͩҪż֮ȥ
żȴǼͷλһռ֮С
ռķ󹫵У
ÿǧң󹫶ΧѹؾֻҪõǾҪԼˡ
ۻʾӣóߵĿջͬʱҲõֳܹԺֵˣó֮еĴǱ񣬻ҷ֮
ͩҪõؾز֮£˴ͩΨһ뵽ģ̽Ϣύĵط

ؾӦûһʱ䣬ͩڵǲ̫ż
ͩÿϴϢȲ迴ϷǺȾƳ⣬;˵֮£Ҳ˼λԽύѡ
⹫֮УߵȻ󹫣Ϊ˵սʼ
֮⣬սʼĴˡ
ΧҪһЩҲõޡ
ͩѡĿ꣬йˣҲй֮мλҵĳϼ
ڹܹ֮λ֮λҪ֮Уλսǿߡ
ͩһڴ֮УһζʳŹŹֵİ裬Ȼ֮䣬ʼϢ
һϢ
ѰȥԶһӣǹҵӣԼλһƵء
ӣؾ֪һεηġ
˵ؾ֮УһĹҩʳһţͻսƿս硣
Ҳ˵ǲٰ֪ˡ
˵ģǸ󣬹ҩȷʵ൱棬Ǿʱ䣬浽ڵжٻҩԣλҡͷ

ͩϢķӦǲܣ
Ԫôܻɵܹ浽ڣ
ңԪȥˣżֲɵҲˣͱǰ˷̷ֲˡ
ͩĲǵҩؾ
٣εķûʲô𣬲Ҹ˵˴ؾõнйһ˵ƺϢ˵ֻ֪һ֪һࡣ
ͩˣȻɫ·ѾʳϣʵϣЦ˻
벻̤Ьٴȫѹ
ԭͩҪüλеõϢ֮취ŪʡЩ湦ֱͩӴϴˡ
׵۹һ鲼½
ǲģֻпȥˡ
ֻһͩò׼ģǾֵأ
ͩΪ˶š
ֶĺȷֵ
ͩǵǮʱûǮǾˡ

ҲգȵȥǮСͩһ̾
ڶһ磬ͩ뿪˵ۻʾӣȥ
ͩϣΨһڶʱʽǮĵطΪͩЩɱ;ʬ̫࣬ͩȥʱҲֻǴһСˡ
ͩ˵ʣµʬõʮڵľ޿
ͩţʾ޿֣Ӧûǳ˳
ͩҲΪ˺˲٣һѰ𾧿
ͩȥ
ͩҪõһʸ
Ҫ֪һߵᶼİ˴룬֤Լݺʵвᷢ롣
ͩһ˼һߣչսһСȻ֮оһӹͩһᡣ
ͩ˲ȻС͵
ͩˣ˵ͩûпǹԼһᱻ͵˶ʵ̫쿪ˡ
ͩûпʼͽŽʳָһȷʵǴˡͩԼܱ˸͵ˡ
ǽԶˣͩı˸͵ˡ
Ȼ죬ˡͩ̾һĶȴ˿
׷ȥ

͵߸оǿ׷нп࣬ǷͬСɣУ࣬ٶȼ죬Ҳϰ
սҲ׷ϣ
ھȻ׷ʿ֪˵ҪôҲΪҪôʵԽս
ǮҲ͵ֱǻòͷˡͩ͵ߵ
ã͵һͷһأó̵ľطɱҪϤ˦ͩ
ͩһһҪӣ£
˵꣬һץһ
ǿƾճ֣ǻΪеļһﱻͩһУסΣȻֳҲص˻ȥ
⣬ôܣ͵֪Լײˣǿˡ
͵Ϊڣ׵ϰһϵȹؿԽսżҵõһĵųժ֣
ΪƶϲԸ֣Լٸƶ
һڽβ֮пͩżʮŰ𾧿̰漴͵ͩľȴ벻һĸְ塣
ŬҪеʹ˳ϧ޷ѣβص˻ȥ


475  
ͩץסǸС͵ɷ˵ͽȫס˵Ļᶼѳ˱͵İ𾧿Ȼӽʱѹ
ʱ˵ڴ˴ҲȷʵǴʱ
ͩûжͣ˼Ȧ֮󣬲Żص˵ۻʾӡ
صԼ׷֮Уͩŷֳһʶʱ
˭һԣ¿ѪɱӣһӲĵ
ѪɱˣͩΪʵ
Ѫɱͩ˵ҲһеĳֻаѪɱһڰɱ
ѪɱͩҲȷʵײⲻͩѪɱ
ڰȻ˵
ٺ٣ҲǵմɣͩһЦ
Ѫɱ֯乹ɷǳӣܵ˵֮֯еľӢΪմ֡
մȻöͣκڵġ
ͩӶĵմ֮һͬʱҲĵմν죬ָľֵͩմӡ
о͸ˣɱ֯Ȼٲ˴ɱ֣Щ˻Ϊ˻ڷԣΪԴΪ˷йȵԭ

о൱һɵΧӣڿп޵Ĳ֡
ɱ֯ĹϵֻǵϵΧӵĹϵ磬гԱĵλˡ
ڳĬһǳʶȤ˵ǰԸ⸶κδۡ
ͩЦˣʵɱ㣬һжǱģкδۿԣ
ڵһӼҪϵȴط֣ô޷֣Ա
ʵĲʵ̫ˡ
ںȻ֮䣬ޱȵغڣΪһʱ̰һλǿߡ
һ룬ڰôǮϰˣͨˣʱģҲڵ³ˡ
ͩطѹ˸ڵıԴʶȻʩչū۵ķţշôһλū
ͩմΪԼūҲԼĿȻʿʵϺ͸еһȣԪȴһ޴ȱݡ
ĿǰͩҲȷʵҪһǿΪԼȣһЩԼ顣
ңһλǿҲܹԼز˼鷳

ڲμˡΪūĸڣޱ𾴵ظͩ
ؾ֪ж٣ͩʵϾһλͷߡ
ˣؾĴڣͲʲôˡ͸֮УȫѡһӢؾ֮ȥѰЩᱻĴ¢ϣЩɢ޵ǳϡ١ȻΪͷߣſھ˵֪ͩɢҪõҪô͹ٷҪôǻѾ޴Ĵ۴ᡣ
ͩ˵˵ͷѹֵϯ֮ϣǸӻںĴ£ԭ¸Ͳʲôܣֻ߲ͩŲ֪ѡ
ؾ֮йż˵Ǵ½ϵУԴڹż֮еõطСڼ˵
ûнؾͩʵ
Уµþ޴ĴۻȡһνؾУõһЩҷһĵعֻµΪ΢õĺôޡڿ˵
ͩˣóųһ͵ļһҲһԵ֮ϧͩѾ

ҪЩͩʵ
УǲҪۺ񣡶˵ʮڵİѾ㹻Ӧһͻ״ˡʵش
֪Ὺʼʱ䣿ͩʵ
֪ڶʮ󡣡ڻش
ţҽʱϢһʱ䣬ؾȥ̽һ̽عͩ뱦뱩¶Ĵڡ
ͩɴĵصϢûٳȥ̽ϢصĿʼ
ۻʾ֮УвԸ򱾻ǿ߾ӢǶشԼķصȴؾĿš
ʮͩһͳ˵ۻʾӣֱжȥ
ܿ죬ͩеſڡ
̤еĴ̾Сӭ˹ͩһ֪ν£ǲᣬʾбҪ뵽̸
Ҫμؾûôأͩƽʵ
ش˵ĻУֻҪǰ֤㹻ĲһһʱΪźһСС˵Ļǳ塣
ãҸܹɡͩͷ˵

뵽ò裬Сȥִ´˹Сڽͩ쵽һװ޼Լĵң׼òˮ뿪
ͩһһɫ۵˽Цݵ˵˼ἴʼкܶҪˡ͹óƾ֤̾Ϊ°μʸ񡣡
ͩתó˼ʮŰ𾧿
Ӽˣ̻˸ӹЦݵԴƬ̣̾Ϊ
˵˳ȥ
һ֮ǰǸС˽˵С͵¥ʮŰᡣ
ͣصѾˣԿףһȥתͷͩ˵
߰ɣҪ˷ʱˡͩͷӦ
ܿ죬ͩС˴֮£᳡Ķ¥֮С
¥һ¥ǧˣ¥İٺŰᣬ¥ʮ
ʱһ¥Ѿˡ
һˡ
ͩڰ֮УӴڿԿ֮еһС
ͩصȴţż
вİͩȷʵеע⣬ҲעѣϾͩԩ޳һǲͩκεĶ⣬ֻǵҪ£ôһλͰˡ

˴һʱļŹرգʽʼˡ
ʦ̨ҽһ֮󣬿ʼ̡
һƷƽĽױֻǽΪϡ˲ٴŵĿྺġ
֮ŵģһȫսµʿ
ͩЩıĵصȺš
¥ʮʵϣЩһûп
ΪеĹغϸֻгĴսۼǿ߲ʸЩ
Сطսǿߴڣ
սۣ൱λǿߡ
ֻǣս۲ͬ
ͨϸǿƿʱգתֻأۣ֮ʿ
֮еսۣûƿʱգתֻصĴͨ
ʿսʼܹһսֻǲ֪Ϊʲôԭ򣬾Խǿʵһ
սλʵڲ֮䣬װͬ£սҪռһЩ
սǿȣ죬Ҳȥ
սʾ֮Ϳʼƽսʲܹһսƽ֡
սۺ۵ľ磬

磬۾ǶܣϴڡƿʱգתֻأԸѾȥλһλ۾Ϳѹһ߼ˡ
ͨھ״½ϣδŵġ
ؾ֮еսǿߣûִͨ
ԣ£ʮս۲ܹƽһۡ
ȻڽѶȣս۵ĽҪԶԶɡ
ϾսǿƷʵĽԴʯͻƣ޷ͻƣֻҪԼﵽǸͻƵĵ㣬ܹȻͻƣ츳ôǿ޷ͻƾԶȼ硣
ͩΪλλ֮ľ޴࣬ŻѡӲӲؾ
Ȼʮսƽһۣ˵ġ
ھؾ֮Уƿʱյ츳ͨû̫ãʵۿۣһжһ
ҲΪʲôûдؾԭڣΪ״½ϵսʵڲ١
磬һ֮е޵ģѶ̫
ЩȵһЩǿİ˼ûһλ޷߼
ھؾ֮Уս۵ĽѶȴ󽵵ͣһټ

Ϊս۶ԤǱʾս۵ء
ڳǿߣԴû塣
ͩƾܹ֮սҲ֤ʵǿ
ͩؿһһƷߣĿǰΪֹͩûȤıһЩɱҲûͩȤ
ΪЩɱϵµɱͩͻװһϵɱ
ڵ˴죬Ϸˡ
ʦֵλҪĶǿޱȵΪ֮һĪת۵ĻԵץס֮Уͻµսʺδսۡ
ڣƷ
˶һûκڣаڷһͨơ
λѾ²⵽ʲôûдǴŽؾʸؾ֮߳ǿ֮Уһλɾս֮𣡳ΪսǿߵĸǲѵΪ֮еһԱھõĻᡣʦܵѾ˿˵Ȼڣ׼һǧƷ׾

ۡٵһβؾ˶ȳ
Ϊ֮ǰһͨɱͼҲƷ׾
һ׼۾ʹﵽһǧ򣬲ò˾ȡ
Ĭһ֮еĲٸֶˡ
ǧ򣡡
ǧҪһ쿪ǧ򣡡
ǧôϷǧ򣡡
ǧ򣡡
һڣ
۸ܿʹһǧһڰǧʱ򣬽м۲Żʼһһٶȣš
ͩûг֣ڵȴȴսﵽ߷ʱȥһ֡
ǵһҲ׵ֵһͩŹġ
ͩĵֵһ
۸ǧʱ򣬴ʱͲൽˡ
ͩòˣҪм۵ʱ
Ȼ֮ɱһҧڣ
ͩĿתԴһյİᣬͩİᲢԡ
ڣﹻˣǧ򣡡һͻȻɱıǧ


476  һС鷳
ڣ࣬Һ֮ǰڵ˿ںʵ
϶ֲʲôˮޣ㲻ɣض˻ȥ
ãܺáһǧ򣡡ػشûж˵ֱӼһǧ
ǧ򡣡ǿˡ
˿һĻˡ
һ۸ЩˣλҲﲻ
Ͷսĸ֣Ƕɢ޳Ұ׹ˣҲûнʲô
ЩЭأҪǵλǿ
ͩˣŶһͻȻһڣ
ؿͩİᡣ
Ҳͬȵؿͩİᡣ
õٿ˵
ʦȴһҲںͶλսĴڣãʮŰĹͳڣиߵ𣿡
ߣܺãˣһǧ򡣡ʾ˵
ڶǧ򡣡Ӽ۵
ڣͩǿƵؼӼ۵
㣬һǧ򣡡òҺУطҰ
ڶǧ򣡡ʾ
ڣͩƽر۵ֵȻǿơ

һڿֵĹڿɾ;ˣɵÿʼͷ
ۡ
˭̫ˡ
һӵλɢս˭ôӣ
ɢޣǣ޹ңǣһֻƾϲã˼Ӱʲôġ
У˲⣬Ǳ֮
Ҳ´ͷһСҲţƷ׾ɲʲô˶õóġ
㶮ƨбֺαصֱҪˣ˷
Ҳ԰
ȷʵˣֻûбɢ޲Żؾǹɣû
ҪȻ㵱սɵĴˣһЩС㲻ʲôֻҪЩĹӸ磬ôսΪ˿塣
ңǮʵ
˵ˣǶɢޣû˿ǣµ˱֮ˣ˾Զ߸߷ɾǡ
ֻ󹫺ͼҵļսʼǿߣ֮⣬սǿߣǿΣ
ΪЩԭԶŻ޼ɵ

ڣܺãʮڣһݱһۡ
һ£ûٳֳۣĬصȴš
ͩЦˣЦȴ̺һ˿м顣
ʦۣҲˣҪ֪ǰҲҵĳɽۣھȻߴʮڡ
ԽߣеĳҲԽ࣬ɲŬߺȣʮڣʮŰĹͳʮƷ׾иߵûУ͹ʮŰĹˡ
˵Ŀ⿴ʮŰᣬصȴţǲǻиߵĳۡ
ʮϢͩһֱûгۡ
Ȼ侲һֲõĸоʮŰᣬʱرϣֻۣͩ߳һ׾ҲǺõİ
ʮƷ׾òֻó֮󣬾Իˮպöȿ¶ܵӰ졣
ʦһ֪ͩǲٳˣֱ˵ʮƷ׾һΣʮƷ׾Ρɽ
岻סػ£ʣˡ
ʮڰʮڰ
ĵһӦˣ漴뵽ʲôطεҡͷ뷨

ϾǮֻˮһνͰ͵ӣ˾ǶһЩʱޣҪˣ³ɲ롣
ԣ󶡻ǰʮڵ۸ˣȴǰͩ׺ˡ
ʦһͬƣ˵ڶ׼۲䡣
ڣͩͻȻ֣һ־Ͱѵ׼ʮ
ĬˣûٺͩϾϾǰ֮ԶҲֻһαΪһȥԩͷأ
ʾĬˣȤҲûʱֺͩӲƴϾ֮ǰĲ״ǰʵ˹֮ġ
ʦдʧˣղǸʮڣֻڣôķʧŹˣõְҵ磺ˣڣûиߵļۣڵһΣڵڶΡɽ
ͩƷ׾ԸԳõؾ
õֻмƻĿʼûͩؾȥǻƨ
ͩõͷĴʯҲͷһ롣
ڣʲô
ͩںǮ

Լİ˫ȭգ΢΢ֹɶҲʲ¡
û³ç£ƾԼȥͩĵϸ
ܿģỹûн֮ǰ˾ʹһС˿еõϢ
ԭˣǮֻǮ͹𣿺ߣ֪ͩżʮڵİ𾧿֮Ҳɵ̰ټͩĳޣһЩȻȻؾɢˡ
ܿ͵βһƷ˳ȥ֮ʽˡ
ʱѾҹ
ⳡһֱҹ
ؾλڷ棬һʱ䲻ǰ
һȻɢˡ
ͩʩʩȻ뿪˻᳡ۻʾȥ
ʱɫѾ·Ҳûʲô·֮ģΪҶߣҹ㲻ʲô
ͩһ·ϣ˲·ͩͣ
ߣǰסȥ·
λ鷳鷳ȴͷ©βģʲôͩһӵ˵
ö˵ĽվļգͻȻ

٣ԭ㣬սôĶи䶷ˣսȻеٵˣǲ֪԰ͩ¶ԷԼ
ͩ˵꿴һˣ˵һλսɣͩڳʱȻ̣ȴ٣ܹôģֻ֮ǰͻλսˡ
Ӧ֮ˣСӣ㻹ǽеĲƸɣӦ㲻֡ս֮ͩ䲻֮һûǲսһ㣬ǵҪͩСɡ
ͩҲڳλսͩ˼ӡ
Ϊھ״½֮ϣʿԪޣûĸܹϵģʱϣΪߣҲǽʱƴǶѡ
Ԫޣʹ³´лֹͣỺ仯
һ£˵òʹʱ䲢ʱ䲻ôΪǿҲ޶ȡ
Ǵ½ʿ״
ͩᣬҲǵһˡ
ڤǵʱͩȻס˳ҲΪᣬڤͩʵҸ߿̫ࡣ
֪ͩǲ۲۵սʣڤ֪ôڰͽֺͩ

ƾɫͩЦҡҡͷа̾½ϵǹģ治֪ôڵľ磿
ͷˣ֪֪ʲôߵغ񣡡սŭȵ
ﶯ֣ͩʵ
ǳǿΪ𣬾Σ˾ʧɱ㣬ʲô˸Ҷ£սЦһ˵
ԭˣͩˣĹزϸ
ĳٴĶԹҲû˸ڳΡ
ȻˣǴǣҲû˵ඣͩͻȻ֮еɱΡ
ţսоղˡ
սۻͩĻ֮󣬲Ծӿһ˿õԤСǶľǷӦ
⣬ôܣսͩϸܵһɼǿΣոС
սҲֲִĸо
ԭƽƽͩȻ֮ú֮ǰȫһˡ
Ȼɴǣ֮Ȼת־޴ķκ˿¶һЩϵԽܡ

ͩϵҲˣǲսԶսơ
ǻߵƣ£Ӳƣ
ãսʣսʱˣΪʲô˵Ȼ˺ں
ԭԷȻսʣ
սķӦ죬˵ͷܡ
ܣܵ𣿡ͩ˵գһʧԭء
ͩͻȻڶսǰȻһȭ˳ȥ
սһһսͩĶ֡
ͩһȭɲͨһȭǿȭ
һȭֻͩҲͬͨսܹܵġ
ò˵ʿƤһһͩͬһȭɱЩʿֻܴɷϡ
սѪмزҽһ˻ȥصڵϣ汻ҳһӡ
ͩµƻȭڶսŰţʹϼˣһʱ޷
սͶսͬһʱֶӣսĲҽ֮󣬲ɵ亹ֱðؼ٣ԭѾﵽ޵ٶв֮£ֲɵÿһЩ
ٶȶͩ˵̫ˡ
Ϣͩһ׷սͬһȭ

ս־ܣ𷴿Ķȫͩӳһȭ
ȭȭ
䡪
ֱͩ۷Ľâսһȭ˿
սֹǱѣֱòӣҽһر˻ȥ
صҵ˶սϡ
ײսսٶԼͩһȭľһ˼Ѫʹýг
սҲȶսɶ٣ƻأϵıȶսҡ
սûзӦͱͩһȭ˴ɡսǷ𷴻ͩӲӲһΡ
սǿߴʱ˲һжûн£мʵ࣬ʵ̫ˡ
ͩԼʵǳ⣬Чͬһĺá
ˣС˴ˣԺҲˡս޹ĵһҵҲûˡ
ǰҵðǰд˽٣ǰҵвףһ·ɡսͬҲ飬֮Ҫɿһ㡣
ͩӸ£䵽˿ӿǰĬƺڿʲô顣
ôãôĶҲٷ˳֣һһжźˣֻͬԷ˵ģǻġĹֻԼߣǿߵЧΪޡ


477  ؾ
ڼȻû˸ţ⵹ʡͩٵ鷳
δɢսͩԼҲûö⡣
ˣǾԲܵģɱȡ֮ˣͩʵϺڣ
ɱˣָое˷ѣϾսЩôҲ˵
ͩûö⣬Ǭ֮λսУȻƷ׾ڿУȻ뿪˴˵ء
ͩߺ󲻾ãѲǵĹٷʿһżսĴ֮£·ص㡣
ˣʧżսһ֣Լһ߼սḱǸӶϣ˿طƷ׾¶һЩظЦݡ
ˣ᲻鷳ḱǽŵѲ˾ģԵСһ㡣
鷳ʲô鷳է֪ƣѲ˾ǿҲ۷սѵҪǺЩսǿ߶󲻳ɣҲҵİս˵ԣսϵĴڷͻʱǾҪֻ۱ֻֻۡҪûаƸ׳ˡ
˶⳥һҲ϶صˡսֽӵ׵׾еУ⳥Щʧʣ಻٣ʣȻ͹ǵǵˡ

ֻҪûгشͽղ𣿡սһ˵
ĸҲһˣܿͷӦ˹˵ͷ
ѲʿǺܿʧûԱԭȻΪս̫ˣʵ̫ˡ
ȥϵǽţϽ޸ٺ٣벻һζֵǰ˴󷽣Ҳʣһ׾ǣҪˣϽ㣬˼ǰִ󷽣ҲҪóЧʳȡ֮ǰ޸ȫһۼҲ¡Ѳǵսߺȵ
ǣˡ棬Ȼ˶ʿǸɻٶҲ
ѾԶʮ֮⣬ҪִۻʾӵͩȴͻȻ֮һƲ¶һ˿ζЦݡ
벻רҵѲǶӣٺ٣ֹͩ
ͩ˵ۻʾӡ
ͩλסڵһǧĺͣۻʾλƹӵĻƶޱȵ͹
رǻƣƽͩĴͣҲǼصġõ͵ĻƣȻǶͩøдûеõ͵ĻҲƴֺͩ
ͩҲЩϵõõϢһͶ˵㲻ʲô

ͩһḻͣһ֮󣬾ͻصԼ׷
ͩһֱ˼δͩѹʱ˵ս
ūǣΪԼЧԶ÷
ǣͩȴôΪ֮ͩìܲʲôܣһ֪ˣǱǷǳġ
ԭǳ˹ϵһת͹ϵɵҲ֪ˡ
һ룬ͺ뵽ūȥ
һսһҲûгԹūĿǴ
һǵһǡڶū۲İֻеķ粻ͬūۡ
һ뵽ūۣͩߵݾ͵ڱ¶ˡ
ͩôɵ
ԣūǡ
ūۣͩʵ벻ǻʲôֵԣֻýӽ¯ռ䣬ˡ
ֻǶؾͩһ˵ĸо
ڣ̸ϣֻ˵ϧɡ
ͩܰøˡ
Ͼͩ˵ؾԽȻԽá
ȻͩҲ֪ʵϲӰʲô

˰£ͩӵϢؾҪ
ͩһѾ˺ܾˡ
׼ȷʱ
ͩɳ˸ڣռһνؾ֮ҪرעĴ
ͬʱҲռؾϡ
ؾȷʵԶ֮ؾ˵ؾԶżƫʿĴС
Դؾɱ٣Щؾ֮еԶ崫С
ԼһЩֻؾ֮еĴٽ͸ҩ
һЩԶŵ֮Զ
ȻɱҲͬҪһ㲻ɷϡ
ʱܿ͹ȥˣͩҲǰؾڵڡ
ʵ֮С
ҪȻؾΪʲôȡΪؾ
ò˵ȦռؾڵΪһͶ۹Ϊ
Ȧռڣռؾ
ҲʹؾΪ׬棬εεĽС
˵ʵڸ֮Уֻס
СĹȴܹ֤ϴ軨治ܸǿĸţеԵֵ˼

ͩһƫ֮УֳֻƵ˲ܹ
ͩһ£˻治٣Ȼжǧ߰ٶ֮ࡣ
ΪϾЩˣӰ񼶵ʼС
ʼٵġ
ͩϸ۲һսʼǿֻ߲࣬Ķʮλѡ
Ҫǣûսۼǿ߲룬һͩĵġ
һһλĽսʼĸվ˳˾ӵ󹫣˵λʱˣһῪؾһЩͶǳνؾҪһڻϢҪʱ֮ڽȥԸУнؾ˶ᱻ͵ؾĳҲõġͲᴫ͵Σһ㣬ؾ֮мΣգˣҲûлˣҪ˳ü
󹫵ĻҲȷʵЩ˶ҡ
ΪƸҲûСҪÿ˶ܹΪ˲Ƹƴ
ҡ֧ԮûĸԸԶ˳ġ
ΪЩҡ˵УڸԵļǾǷ˳Ҳеˣȥƴһѣؾ֮ΪҲ˵ء

ʩչطؾ
ֻƫǽϺȻһ޴УзǳŹ֣絫ƺ硣
󹫳˵
ڳ˶ɶͬسг˹ȥ
ƫСˣǧ˲㲻ʲô
ʮϢ˶ؾ
ջط
ȥѣΨһڣһҪĿţǳȴǳס
нؾˣֻҪû䣬ᱻųʹͳؾ
ûнȥΪʱҲ֪ȥٴˡ
ؾսʼǿߣʵˣս˵һٽЧҲûС
ͩһᣬֿռ䴫ͣͩ˵ϤúܣͩԸĻΪزٿֿռ䴫Դ͵봫͵ĵط
ȻֻʱС
״֮£ʱշ̫ǿؾõһλսȫĻһλܹɵؽȥ
ͩǰһһƬĴϡ
һֺľԶϢһζ

𡪡һֻ޴ķݴԶ˹Ŀͩ
ͩѰȥʱˡ
߾Ȼһֻޣ
ôؾ棿
ճ֮ʱһǿǸײǿͨǻϲߡƫƫǱһֻ޾ͷ·һƶľ޴󱦿⡣
ԣڸ֮ʱЩ޾صɱĶ
֮УųɵĹ޶ھŴ󳬼УⲿҪԴȻͳ˾Ŵ󳬼Ѹʱ֮һ
ʱѰռ֮Уѿ޵Ӱˣֻƾؾؾ֮впܷǵӰ
ͩһ·ҲɱֻޣЩͩûȥ˼ͩʬʱʬ⡣
Ȼϵıھؾ֮УҲѰɵ磬ǾмˡֵһһߣΪ˼УŻôǿߴؾɱޡ
ؾֹ޲֣Ϊ״½ԭǹ޵ҪϢءвٵۼ۷Ĺ޳ưһ

ǣԶż֮гֹޣЩˡ
ʲôֵģؾҲһС浮֮ʱֹ޲Ǻ𣿡䱦Ȼ
ףˣһ㵽Ŀĵٻġͩ˵
٣ôϤϢôĲҾǳ˯Ҳᱻġ䱦˵
ŶҵĲ²ඣȻһ壡ͩ˵شЦ
ϾͩôҪؾҲΪǰ˼¼֮УеطݵúͭǮ״ɱ
ͩʶɱҲˣǴͭǮ״ɱ
ԣͩڿͭǮ״ɱһʱ뵽䱦Ǯͷȥ
ǲ²⣬ͩҲԸΪ˻Ѿ޴Ĵ۽һ̽
ͭǮڴˣ벻ǣ֮ͻ֪
ˣ˵ĳֹô£һֱҶ֣ΪʲôԶʱ֮żԪ𣬻šͩʵܾͩˡ
Ϊˣ䱦Ĭһش
ͩգһ£Ҳ벻Ȼõ𰸣ʵ̫ˡ

ͩϸʣֻ޴ķݹѾϮȻǰͩʳ
󣬶ңͩŭغȵ
ת֣Ȼͩʩչأһصľˡ
ȭһ
ͩȭͷͷݹ޵צ档
ͩŽâֱۣǿײ֮µķྡྷ
û˺ֺͩ
ֻݹ޷ͬķྡྷõ˳ȥ
ڿзʮź׿סΡ
Դһƫ˫ۿͩ׺ˣ۾ѪȻѾŭǳ
һŭԭͺҰ޲ǣͻ᳹ʧȥǻݱܣعֱ֣һΪֹ
Ƕ
ҲΪʲôǿȴ֮ݺʱ䲢ܿ伣ˡ
ĺǿǵʵձ鶼ϣĳ޶ϵʵ
˵޵ѪԿǿѪ֮һһҪӵǻ۵Ļ֮УһھŴ󳬼ĸ߼


478  ͭǮ
޷һ񣬳ͩ
ͩʾس˹ȥȭԥسŹ޷ݻȥ
ƵĽײ
ͩȭݵļײԵĻ𻨲ҷ޴Ľײ
ײֻ֮ݹһαͩס
ͩһοûˣʮЩһǲ֪Ѷ˵ģֻо罫ǽ
ͩ첽ʩչֻеٶȡ
ͩΪһ⣬ݹ޳˹ȥ
գۼ丹ʱ򣬹޷ݻûȫ֮
ûзӦʱ
ͩô˻ᣬһǿȭ
𡪡ݹ޳ʹزҽг
ͩĵ׷ȥͬ¸֮λȭȭȭ⣬õĶȫ
ֻݹʵϲ̫ǿﵽˮ׼
ּսͩ˿ʮȭ֮ڴ򱬶֡ǰǶûдϷɱ
ֻݹȴƾ֮Ӳͩ˼ȭֻһЩƤ֮ˣɴ˿ɼݹ޵ǿ֮

ͩȡһ˫еɱȭ״ϣһη˹
һ˫ȭ֮󣬹ͻΡ
֮£գתȭͩʩչ˶תȭһȭ׼ȷشֻݹϡ
ֻݹҽûüͻΪɻ
ȭǾתĹţϾת
һȭԽϵĹЧȭþ֮ΪȭӦתԾתһ
ʲôתһ
Ͻ;Ǿת֮һ
ȭһתǵͷ޶ȵطڽطӣܹﵽԽ
ʿʿͬʿȫ֮ϣǵԱɱܡǺʿܹٷ֮ٷӳ
ȻͩһתȭԶԶûңܹӳ150
ǶתȭľҪһתȭȭȻټӴͷųȥ
תȭڶתȭĻϣټӴͷųȥ
Դƣתһ֮Ŀ£
Ǹʱתǿߣһȭ֮ͿӲɱ

ȭתϢϢأֻӦľܹӦȭ
ͩǵתľ磬Ҳ˵ͩཫȭתļ
ϵļ𣬾ͩˣҲԲʹãΪܲסͷŵ
ͩɽֻޣͩڴֻ֮ͺˡ
ģ״ˡȻֻĹޣ̫ͩأϡΪĹʬһۡ
ԼãõԼһڣǾ
Ҷûʣ£ǿϧˡ
ͩȭףҲ벻תȭȻ˸
Ȼû˫ȭףҲһȭһֻĹ޴ɻһҡ
Ȼϧͩ漴Ʋͷ
ϾͩңҲǺںһֻޡ
ͩ뵽֮ǰ䱦˵Ļ
ղͩ䱦ڽ̸̸һͱֻ޸ˡ
ˣ䱦֮ǰ˵Զ֮żԪûдšΪ˵ԭǺν⣿ͩղŵĻ⡣

ϵ˼һнˡ䱦ش漴ϸؽ֮٣֮Ȼˣȴмʥɹ٣׽ѣ뿪γȡ֪ȥδû䣬ǵĴھ൱һֱѹ֮ˡ
˵䱦ͣͣ
ͩص˵ͷʾˡ
䱦˵ܹת»ع飬Ҵ㣬ʹ֮Ĵвڳ׶Ͼδڤڤ֮оѾע顣
Щżͬˣһ˿ػÿǶΪԭһֱšеı֣еûб֡ЩżÿһҲͬ˵֮ΣǶʮġ
ҲΪʲôڶż֮УԶż࣬ʱż൱ϡ١ΪʱţЩʱҲڻţȫš䱦˵
ԭˣͩһȻӣޱȵңԼıƵǵһεı
ͩʱҲʱĵطǷѹˡ
Ҳ֮ʱֻҪ˲ʧΣգҲоա
Σ֮ʱѾôٴͨǿɱҲԱ֤ȫ

ͩǰҲٶԴ˱ʾˡ
߰ɣȥķ壬ɸܵĸ𣿡ͩﻹĲϤ
û⣬ǰ䱦ش
ͩΪһ⣬Զݶȥ
ͩǰ֮ңһ޴ļ̨̨֮ϰڷŵһһľ޽
޽Ľ˩һ룬ײ͵һöɫͭǮͭǮͬıŴٱ
һͨɽȣ⴦ɽ֮ͨΪûϡҩҲûĹޡ
ôһͨɽ֮ڣȻλǿ۵
겻벻ĵһҪ˶þܹս˰ɣһλ󺺿˵
¼Ҳһ𣿡һʿ
ϼԽǼλЩͬعά
Ǽôûе˵ǻ᲻Ʋǣȥˣ¼ת˻⣬ϡ
һΣۼڴˣȻΪͼı档
˵ʵڻؾЩս˵
Ϊǵľ֮󣬶Լĵ
ԶŴлܹǸ󱲵

ܣȱǣܹʲô£ҡҡͷ
ˡԽͺͷ
Ǽ̨ӡǿ̨֮ʱƷ֮ɢ䵽ǸУѾȫ棬룬ܹӡϼ
Ǿ͵¡¼˰Ӧ
һһʮλսǿͻȻ䵽˹С
ҿ˵ǻһ˵
겻Ķ仹¼ҲûзϣΪ׷Ҳûã󷽵سϡ
ˣҲô
ˣȻҶˣǾ·ɡڽؾ֮ǰʻ˼λͬǿ߽ˡһλʿڴԲ
Ŷ˵ǼλɢսʣѾȥ˳ߵӦòǡһλҼӿڵ
ĻȻٺòˡ˶ʾͬϾؾռȻ״½ǰֱﵽʮĳ̶ȡ
ͬҲС
ΪʱޣҲûгؾж󣬷Сˡ
ߵҪȥĵطǸԯޡ

λˣǾ߰ɣڴ˷ʱˣʲôҪ˵ģ·˵Ҳ١иӵҼϵȻͷ
Ҳûзųˡ
ʮλսϢĿĵظȥ
ͩȫ·ʱ䣬͸ϵĿĵء
ͩǰһĻһСĸоĵ𣬵һ룬ͩԴӻ۽նȥһ˿ͷ
ͩ޵ĲɵΪעľϵ͸ر˥ڼ䣬ݲðء
һ׶εʿҪͷͨ
СͷһӡľҪȥ޳ǿɾͲһˡ
ͩ˿վǾ޽ǰԴ˽еʱͩη壬¸ҵԣܣ佻档
Ȼ벻˽ȻڴˣһսҲˡ䱦ָ̾˵
ĸͩеز׽䱦ĸ̾ʵ
棡䱦ûڻش
棬漶ĳܣʥһ֮ңȻ漶ĴڣѾȫ˼Ԫţû漶ĴڣͲ䡣
ﵽϵ

ϰĽ洫ǳ֣
ԭͩˡ
һʮʽһʽӦһ޴۷ܹѼԪȻҪ˽סѼԪҪľ֡
꣬ͩ崫֮ϰѧûнľĴСֻʮʽˡ
ԣͩ޵һ룬ûټϰȥΪʹͩԼĵ·ʱϰ
һ㲻ɷϣ˽൱ǿ
Ȼֻʮʽÿһʽ仯Ҹʽ֮ãͬޱߡ
ͩ겢ûҡ
˽ǰ佣ͩٿǾ޽ɵȻ𾴣Ƕǰ˵һ𾴺;ǰɾ͵һĤݡ
Ͼ棬ͩһССĶ˥ɣ˥ûжɹ֮ŵżû
˵ˡ
԰ǰ佣˵˽ɱı𣿡ͩȵشе
ǣŷӦ˽ǰȷʵǵƾ˽ݺ⣬аܼ䱦˵

ǰ˼ǣڵͲ𣿡ͩüʵ
֪˽ڴ޾Ԫټ˻Ҳǲܡˣڵĵȼ֣˽Ȼɱ䱦˵
ͩˣɵһȣɷϣּıͩҲҪΪС
ͩ˿̨ܣһһҵʯ
߽ͩһʯһ֣һȴ֡
ֵһдţڼ٣ط⽣ڴˣԵܹ˽ݺʣ
Ȼͩȵؽе
ûֵһ飬ʲôҲû¡
ˣôûأֵֹͩ
֣ʯķӡؼҪ⿪ӡҪھʯ֮ϣӦüؿھֻΪĳЩ֪ԭ˵õˡ䱦˵˼̨ҲǼãΪ̨ר񽣷ⱦ֮ã
֣Ӧ˴˼̨ʹƷ֮ǰ
ĻǿˡͩˣǰҲ˵ûа취õƷ֮ǰֻܿ۲ѡ
ˣ̨ûƷھָν⣿ͩƵʵ


479  벶
ϵõԶдɣͩϵóЩɾϲˡ
ԣЩһֱ񱮡
ɵҲóǰ޽һǼҲһı
㿴ģⲢǶġ
ֻû˳ɹ
Ͻˮ¥̨ˣڳһа취֮Ҳ޷õ󲻵ò
ؾɴ಻ˣ۲Ϊ
ûзƿھҪƻ̨Ҳûа취䱦ش
һԾԵƿܣ̨ԪҲܹƿģǼԪҲ䱦˵
ͩˣ˵ͷ⻰Ȼȷʵʵ̨µܹ֮ǿƳ
ڶǴӼ̨Ľṹ֣ڲ̨ṹֻҪܳʱ䣬µؾرΪֹҲ䱦ʵش
ͩˣ̾˿㲻ֱ˵ûа취ˡ
ףзûз
ףˡ䱦ͩһ˽ӽ
ͩЩ⣬ʱ򣬳ʮа˾Ŷǳġ

ǳģͩʵ
ûֱسġ䱦˵
Ǿȶ˾ġͩ˵꣬ʱȡ˳һ˱
ھؾ棬޷ռ䡣Ҳʲô⣬ͩűСñȳС˵Ұտһࡣ
ܹͩصò¶˿ۼ
ͩ˱֮Աˮ̽Ȼʮ֮⣬ڳ˵ظĶʮǿߡ
ǣͩϳǾǽؾЩսǿߣ֪ͩǾɢޡĸͩͲö֪ˡ
Щ˳ż̨ǳűģѵĿھǱǵȥˣ䱦²
пܣڽؾ֮ʱҾע⵽ˣǾԲЩûе̵ɢ޿ɱȣӦǳֻǸǿҡͩһ£ӿڵ
٣пܣЩһ൱ڴ˵صĵͷߣ귢⴦̨ˣ϶ҲЩ˵ɣ䱦Դ˵
սʣȻ޷Ƕ˶ˡҲѹ䱦Щˡ

սʵķٶȼ죬ʮ·Ҳһʱ͸ϵˡ
ǵˡһжʮλսʣÿһһоԶңСӡ
״½֮ϣ㴫оԶļ岻٣ֻǵһͻļкܶ˶û䡣
ϢҲвټ忿ĵָ̻˹еļԶʧʷĳ֮С
ϸ˵ػؾЩңǴӵһս֮ŴС巢չġǵĴʱ׷ݵһս֮ǰ¡ȶԣСС塣
ҲΪһЩԭ򣬵ƷĿھɢȥ
ЩգÿҶȫϾҪС
ϧ޾ûһ˳ɹصõ
٣ڵˡѱڴʱ޾£ؾֿʼһֱˡĳλҼ̾
ȷʵˣ˽϶ܾıϧܹõ
ǳΣǵˡչ涨ҲһλˣǲУֻǵĺˡ
ȻΪ챦˭񣬵ǾռŲҲʵԸҾͶԼÿһλսʼǿߣγԵĻᡣ

βɹ֤˱Եˣֻںӵܡ
Һ֮Уһܹõ˱ôΪĿܣôѹΧңȻȻ
ˣλжɣҪ˷ʱˡĳλֱ
ûȽɨһ飬Ȼ˴˵ءҲϹˣȻụ̂һЩ޺СһЩ޻вٵġ
ǲЩųҲרƽӡñһ˼˱ˣֻ߱ظŶʹ󹦿һǿǺڶˡ
Էһ峡һġҪһ罫˵ʱϱա
ʮսʣĶʮӴңǴ˿Ϊ˹ͬ൱ǿġ
ҶԼҵ־ǽΧԲ֮ڶˣȻøԵķú÷ӡ֮Ĵڡ
λʼɡһλΪ֮˷ܵؽе
ʮλսΧż̨ͬʱʩչԼҵƷھ
һ߰ղӡһҲŬ

ȻǹȻƷ֮ͩ˵شе
㿪ʲôҪ֪ƿӡ֮ҪԶʮλ֣ͬҪȸҲҪʵġ䱦˵
ǺǣΪǱ¶ԼҲϧͩ׹ƾתսʤʮλսʣЩҼǼ֮
ͩҲ˿Сӡ
ԣͩò¶ʵҪʱС
ֻǾؾ֮ڣͩҲ֪ʱܹӶǿܡ
϶ܵСӰˡ
ңЩսһ޴ȱݣǾ꾳磡ͩٺЦһ
һֱͩûнЩǿ߷Ϊʲô
ΪЩִ壬Ķ
ʵľ棬ͩһЩ֮зǿ߾깥ʵ
ͩϵɱˮ¾һžطλͥ
ԴǴ֮ҲûʹõĻᡣ
ؾֱľû磬Σشɱʶ
طԸЩʿʵвˡ

¡
ƿһڣһʱ֮ӿ̨
ŶʮλսʵʩΪԽԽ
ƿĿԽԽɢ̨һֵĹĻΡ
Ƿʧȥ֮ıбٵ󷨡
ƷֻʱĶѣһʱ֮ڣûеõӡ
һοҪϡ
ԣͩҪԶʮλͬǿߣҪڶʱڽǣԼ㹻ʱȥӴ
˴һʱ䣬һĻҲƿĿ
ڴͬʱһֹϡǿϢ硣
ÿһμ˽ܹеظܵǿ󡣿ϧ˽̫ǿѡһλӻȵҼЦһ
չأһһɡ
ãյԼɱˡһվ֮һ
ãȥɡҶû
һȥԣһܹɹһԵˣٶܵһЩɡ
˼̨ӽ˱ؽְ˽֮ϣ˫ۣϵϱ

ˮ£ͩڴʱˡ
طʩչ˶ȦУҽǶ
ãϮ
˭
ĸ쵰˵
Щ֮һǺ۸ܹ֮λãǸ򵥣ʵǿԶʤͬס
ʱʮλսͬһʱ䱬ǿƣȫװ졣
ѹأ
ͩӱ֮˳Ȼ󽫱һ
˲ӭǣΪһ޴϶ѹ
һ£սʵƶѹ˻ȥһ¶Ϊѡ
ӰˣֻдϵΪڽ飬ܵܵıӻ
ͩʱȻףѹ졣
ɱϾֻһɱ޷ѹɱ
ǵȼϵ࣬ʱϵ
ȼͬô״̬Ҳ뻤ס
ߣһߣֹֻ߲طһλҼе
ʱѾӦλҼҲ²⵽ȷ𰸡
ܹӰӾʩչֹķţֻͨܡ

ʱھˮµ֮£뼫ˣ˴֮Ҳ޷֪ԷĴڡ
ͩı£Ҳ޷ֹͬǿ
ǣͩȴܹŤĳǽ߷ڱҲ·ӼԶߴģ޷ȷķ
ҲҪţЩȻͨ죬ҪɱǣҲС
ȫˡ
λģ
ѵߵļʲôطԱܹ񾵵Ĳ̽
ΣڴҶҪͬĶ⡣
ͩһ˵Ϊǿκβ𣿡
ͩھؾ⻷ҲȷʵЩ⣬£ѹסĵˣͩԿռͨ뱦֮Уѹĥ
ڣѹ֮ȻڣĹȴ޷ӳˡΪؾʱսⲻ˵Цġ
۶ͩʱޱȣΪ˲ϧԴСϣ׷ͩȴ̤ؾһ
ΪʲôΪʱսؾ֮£ܵӰԼͩڸǿ

Ȼ˽ôǼʶһԶ֮ǿΣλͥ
ͩƴȫڳʮλսʵʶȫͩطƵξ֮ȥˡ
ξ֮УʮλսʳΪ˱ͥ׷ķˣ콫׽á
ͩڵξ֮Уǿۼǿߣۣͩһò󣬵ͬǿ˵رЩսۣȫʢʱۣǱʱս֮ʵۿ۵ۡ
ǵ鷳ɾʹˡ
ʱ֮£Ǹ޻֮һλۼ֮⣬ʼ콫Э
ʮ˵ıˡ
Ȼپܣ汾ͥ󣿡λۼһȻغʵ
ֵڣƺûжȫӣĿľΪ׽ǻȥ󣬲Ҫɱǡ
ٵģⶼǼٵģҲҪţΣһΣ
ƨѾʮûˣôأ
ʵ̫ʵˡĳλԼ첲һ£ʹƶʵġ
ڴͬʱλ壬첲ͬλͻȻ֮ѿһӣѪҺûþֹסˡ
ܵƣ׼ȷطӦ硣


480  Ŀ
ͩһʮλսΣȷʵЩԪ
ⲻʲô⣬ĵԪϢһʱͻָӰͩʵ
ͩڽЩ˳ξ֮󣬲Ƿֲ⾿ʵξŷĵشѡ
ѵͩĿתڼ̨Ͻ
ͩû֣ʵڳִ᲻¼̨ɣ
Ϊ֣ͩǾˮµ򣬻ͥطӰ쵽̨ϵսʡ
ԣԽͩû̶֡
̨ɵǲᣬܵıӻǳҲãƾķκβ˱סˡ䱦ʵش
ȻˣҾٵȵȱǡȽķջذɣʣµҲܵõϿɡͩ˵
ǺǣƾЩвȫĿȫǵĹôܵõϿɣ䱦мЦ
棬εȽ֮ı񽣣ȻҲ̳˵Ը񣬰ơ
ʹǱѡ˵۹ɺܸߡ
ȱģ޾Ԫδ

֮Ҫ۵ɵУû˭ȵͩڣ
ͩż
ͩó˰̣˺ɰ󷨣˴ȫ
䱦ǮͩѨ֮˳ɢŵ⣬صϢ˷֮еö˩ڽײͭǮ
ʯͭǮ˷Ӧ
ϸǵʯһ䣬¶ԭɫıʡ
ʯȫ֮ͭǮɢŵ⣬Ӧűĺ
âԽԽʢǮϣ˸ķġ
Ȼ֮䣬Ȼ˽ɴСͭǮС䱦
Ǯ䱦ڡ
ˣҵõ˵壬Ҫ˯ںϣ£㶼Լɡ䱦˵꣬½ͩʶ˯ںµķˡ
Դͩ˥֮䱦ͺٰͩ˵һʼ䱦ʶطͩԼɳ
䱦ԸָҪͩԼȥƴԼȥ
ʵϣͩɵ÷ǳ̤֮·󣬶ǿŬߵһ
꣬ȻҲ䱦İĻǿͩԼǻۺʵһѹء

ͩ˵ͷصȴѡ
ڴͬʱξ֮еʮλսʣߵıԵ
û೤ʱ䡣
ʵϣξ֮УѾΧɱ£˺ۣѪ߰ߡ
ǴʱսҪ׽ǻȥ󣬿Ѿ䡣
־ܣ汾ͥɡӵĹĿϵ˵
룬ΣһΡЩƫִսʣǲһжʵġ
ƫƫ޷ʵĲ״޷ѵʵ
λս콫Ƿ˾档
ĿƿʱգҪ
ڴʱλսĿغ
ڱ֮ǰȻȻԱˡ
磬λսԭվֱ壬׵صϢʶȫ
ʶǱʶʶȫ𣬸ֲʶ˼걾Դܴϳ˻ˣѻָ
Ҽ鸴ӣͬԱʣҲ֪ôǶԻǴ

ˣƴˣҲξֻξ̫ʵȥӦþͿԻصʵ硣λҼ˵꣬Ҳ嵽˵ǰԱ
Ҷɵӣ֮ǰڼ̨׼ȡʿͱԷһʽط硣
翴ʵʵϣǸǣⲻʵ磬Ӧһξ硣
ֻΪʲôʵǳɲĵط
˰ټϴھ·һսʾһѣץȥ³ҲòƴһѣһԱ֮󣬻عʵأ
ԣЩսһسȥҪ汳ġ
ǵǵûгĿȥΪ֪岻ȥ
ǿƿʱգʵ̫ǿˡ
ԣֻһЩ콫ͬھ
ͩƺʶУһֵͩģЩξսʷԱĳ档
٣޴⵹ʡ˱顣ͩЦһ˵
ʵϣҲȷʵˡ
Щսξ֮Աʶشĳ˯֮С
֮л걾ԴҲµʶֻǸʱѾǰˡ

ͩЦһջ˾ˮµ򣬿ŵϵµʮž߻ˣֱӼʱЩȫ¯ռ֮С
ڿɺ޷֮׵رս˱֮УĽ־ǻΪ¯
ڴʱӼ̨ϱ
ˤڵϣʶ˹
ЩԺվ̾ϧʧˣ˽뱾Ե
˹˿ܣʱͬǶֻԶվŵͩ
˭ôо֮󣬽ʵҵЩͬأ
ܲʮλҼͬʱʧ٣ʲô£Ҳܼ뿪ɣͻȻһİˣû˿
Ѿһˣ֪ǷҲȥǣͩһζ˵
㣿ȫۣһͩ˹
ͩҲǺس
һǿľתȭӲӲؽ
ּͩսƬ̣Ҫƾתսʤ֣Ҫһ
ֲͩ˷ʱ䣬Ըɴؽˮµɱ˳
һʵѹҡ
ԭͩƾУȴھԵ·硣

Ȼɱôܣ㾿˭Щɱھؾ֮Ҳֻϡ٣༯һЩС
ɱ֮١
˭ҪҪǴ㣡ͩԥʩչתȭ
ǿȭսʼüΪǿҲܲͩǿӲȭ
𷴻Ƕֵķʵ̫ǿˣȫһȥȻֻܹƵĽײ𻨣ȴӲһ㡣
ʮȭ֮ڳŲסˡ
Ҫȴ֮š
ǿƾʵԲһȫʮλսʣ㾿ǺˣʱѾˣ֪ɣס
ͩĬ˫ȭøþˡ
ᣬ˳ɾͣȻг˴˴ؾ²
ֳͩĬϵıȴǡôضһ¡
а룬Ȼ˲²⣬Ϊβأ
زͩһŵ״а̾Ȼˡ

ʿ֪¿ɷӦʣڱ󣬾ҴУ˵ĴǱɡ
Էʵɲ⣬ԤƶֻûжȫȻҼʧ٣Ȼ׶༪٣Ƕ֣һССҪ
ʿԪƣһԴ󲿷ǿ߶
ãֻҪԲãԴӦ㣬ֻҪҲ鷳Բᶯֺͩ⻰˵ϣҰٷ֮ʵ
ͩԱ˳ŵģŻԵ޹ȥһңһûʲôôױ¶ԼԼϾؾ֮ڣֵ͵Ҫġ
ãΪﵽ磬ֻܵȴԪʱҲһʳȫ㣡˵գˡ
ͩҲûΪѣҪλǲΰΪ˼崫жԸ֪
ұʿһ̾ѣѵóһ̾Իʶ
ͩվԭأһа룺ЩҲδ̫ƭ˰ɣǶǰ׳ҿʲôҲû˵
ͩҡҡͷӽ¯ռ䣬ʬˡ飬ͩöˣúܡ

ɨϰ֮ͩ
ɱͩĵһɱ
Ȼ˽һֱδɲͩԴ˽ͳ羴
羴Ƕľ;
棬ε˫Դɢ֮ǸǿƼʱһһʶɵ۷壬Ⱦͩ䱧ٸߵľ֮ҲΪ
ͩȭʯһ̾ǰ˫ֻհԵüǰ磬ʵź
ͩ˵̤˼̨
ذַ˱Ľϡ
ָͩһȥʶ͵һڣȻ˽֮С
ͩ·ռһ㣬һʶ硣
Ȼ֮䣬ǰһػһת
޾ֲĻ֮֮УľΧһɫӵʿֱֳϸȥ˽ȻΪƣֻнϹŵﲻͬ
ͩܵؾϳӰǴ˵е档
˻˻ţ˿ֲĹЩ廨ţɷϣһܹɱܹͩͩûã̫ĹۿҲӲ°ɣ
Ѿ֪ͩΧ

Щܹվ֮еľ޿¸ǼԪ֮ǸεĴڰɡ
ֻһӳһȣ
һ޴ڻ֮ţǿľ޲ҽű촷ۡ
һ֮£оޣЩ޸ȼԪ֮
ͩˣǿ̫ǿˣǿѾ֮ͩ⡣
һתͩվһ֮С
һ棬ͩǰ֮⡣
һʶͩʶ֮С
鿪ʼһʱ֮ڣѧ˽
һӰȻֱֳ֣ʹһнʽ
˽ʽɣ˫
Ӱʹ֮󣬾Ͳʧ١
ͩĿɿڴͩڵܼΪ겻ɿΪ⿼˵ʵ̫ˡ
Ϊʲô
ΪԷʹĽʽʮʽ֮еĵһʽʽ
˵ǿĻôͩԿ϶ܹɿ飬Ϊ˵ѡ
ͩʱ޵Ľͩնɱ˲ǿУɹΣ
ͩ˳سΪĴš


481  ս
ͩ漴뵽⿼黹ǷǳѶȡ
ͩ˽רпʮǿѧһʽھȻҪһʱ֮ɣѶȿĲһĴ
ͩѾˣҪһʱ֮ڣ޵˽ſұ涼Ҳһ
ѹִ˽޾Ԫδ
Ҫõ˽ϿɣҪԵˡ
ʲôԵˣ
ǴԵˡ
˵ˣ˱ͻ˿ͨĿ֮⣬˻϶ͨ
עһĴб
汾ֻһɢޣûչӣڤڤ֮춨
޾Ԫ֮ͩλϰ崫˴˵أҲ顣
ֽͩվãͻȻ䶯
ţͩһתһ׽ʽۣԪжſ
裡еĶζ趯ʱƮ죬ʱûʱʱ
֦ͻȻ۳һ޴䣬°һ֦
Ϣ޴ͷųĽֻΪڿл𣬻𻨿Ŀ

Уͩʹͬˮһ㣬Ư
ţںΪһĵһʽʽ
һнʽ˳ǳ˳
ʽɡ
ͩһǰ滯Ϊ⳯ͩ
ͩǰһ
ͩϬס˲˴˽
漴ϢͩԪ֮С
ͩҲ벻ɱȻţͩʲô뷨ˣΪϢ֮вɱϢȻĸ
Ե˴ὣΪ֮ٴӣ֮һңڣΪ֮ѣаʮܹյ㡣ԡ
Ȼ
棬߸ϵܣȴܸߵʲô̶ȣ
ͩڲףѾȫԽ˵֮
ǳѼԪļԪ֮ǲΪ
ǵ𣬾ǽԼĸΪ
ǾǴĻԼ
漶Ĵ˵֮Ϧģ仯Ǭߵ
ǵѾǵ֮ʿ׷ѼԪܹġ

ͩޱȣŬš
ԭԶ֮֮У˱ԴǧЩܹĴܣĴԹ˳ѼԪ
ʲô
Ҳ˵ʿǿ֮õϿɼƹǧѼԪֻء
ȷ˼ĴͨѾ֮ͩ⡣
֮Դǧһ㣬һԪֻһ
ͩʱˣΪʲô֮ǿ󣬳ѼԪĴˡ
ͩõĸ浱Դĸ
ָޱȣ
֮£ƺ崫оͲôǿˣ
ش
еñʧϰȻԳѼԪ࣬ǶʧȥȼĻᡣ
ʲô˼
˵ˣϰȻԳѼԪϰֻܴﵽ磬޷ͻƳΪµ档ʱƲ籾Դ·ȴԽԽխ
ϰǧԴȻƣһһԪֻһϰҪ˭ȺϵǴ֮
ȻпᣬϰպĳɾͲպ·ҲԽԽ

崫֮ûдΪõд崫֮УֻǧϰšȻһǧͩеĴֻмٴˡ
Ƿ񻹴ڴԴ֮У֪ͩ
ͩȴ֪䣬ȻѾˡ
ͩȴõĴͩ˵ǴԵҲǴˡ
Ժͩѡ񣬵Ⲣͩһ·ӿѡ
Ȼ֪ٴǷʸʥ
֮Դﵽ澳ǵõ֤ġ
֮Ԫ׶ûһ˵ˡ
ܹͩΪһ棬ôȻܹһʢ
ͩʱҲ֣Ϊʲô֮ɱڶ࣬ɱͩҲһЩʲôûС
Ȼ֮ǰܹĴУôܣ
֮ʢʱڣ漶ĴҲǧ֮࣡
Щѵû´лһ´
ⲻһûУҲ֮ʱ̫󣬵ܻһЩĴڣ
ѵе·Ӳֻͬԭ

ʵͩ뷨ûдʵϣǧ棬ôֻһ´Уʵϣ٣ֻеĴǰˣʱ֮ǰͱʱʿõˡֻеĴеҲȻδ
رϹʱǸʱͬãԶֽԱġ
ΪʲôΪϹʱԶʱǸʱ򣬵õӦе˶ȻҪöࡣ
һ貵ϹżԪʱ
ĴУɱ֮еõҲֻܴһ˰ˡ
˵ͩΪ֮ĵһˣõĸ
ô֮ͩĵڶ˾Ͳĸˡ
ԣ֮ٵõɱǿߣǶĵӡ
ֻϵùûеõЩɱµĴС
ɱɱֻǵ֮гѼԪɱһͳơ
ʵϣЩɱ֮Ҳǿ֣֣֪֮ͩ
֪ͩˣɱɱȫͬ

ɱµɱֻҪԪ֮󣬾ܹʹáȻȼԽߵɱԽѣʹҪҲԽߡ
ɱۣ˼򵥵Ļеʽǻۣǵ죬ﲻǵôɱֻǰ衣
ǿԪҲ޷ǿɱ
ԣɱж٣ʵ˭Ҳ֪ӵɱĴܾԲ̫ˡ
ΣͩõϿɣΪĵڶˣʽӵԼĵһɱ
ȻΪΪ䣬Ʒ½ҲԿɱ֮еƷ˰ɣ
ɱɱɱҲǶɱܹġ
ɱǶⶴɱҲֻܱ֤ͩǰ޷սʤ
ɱȴԱ֤ͩԽս
Ҳ˵ͩھܹƾϹɱһսʤҲҪս֪
ͩȻûʹãⲢͩԤ˽
ͩʶص֮Уһ˼̨
޴Ľʼҵزţʯʵ¿ʼ䣬¶䱾еķâ

̨ʼʼѣΪѾʷʹ
ʵر仯ͬʱҲڻС
һߴ±档
ᡱһڼ̨ϵ͵شӼ̨ϳ·𽣷һ㣬
зɵͩͷΧͩȦȻΪһâͩڡ

ͩЦ緢
Ȼ˰̺ͺɰ󷨡
һΪһԶݶȥ
ͩõĵط֮ңĳ֮ڣͩڴˣչؿޡ
Ϊ˽ʡʱ䣬ͩĵؿʱ١
һ£˥ڼ䣬ôͩҲΪԼʱ٣Ϊǲڼʱ䣬
ڵֲһˡ
ͩõȻʵ̫ˣǰһëƤҲ㹻ͩˡ
ͩڵľΪõЩ˾ǣԪ֮˥ͩҲǰһȺͽˡ
ͩ˵˥Ԫ֮˥һҲںˡֻҪΪܹԪ֮˥С˼
ڣֻҪͩһЩ˵˥Ԫ֮˥Ҳа˳ɵİնɹ

ԣ˵˥֮˥֮ǰͩҲΪ粻۲㣬̲޷ﵽɽٵĻˡ
ڣͩľﵽˣʣµĲ䷨ѡ
ͩúԴڶ̶ǧ֮ڣԼķʶ߽ףҲ۷ʵľ磡
ʱ֮ĸ򣬰ͩͨǰûͨĹذͬʱҲͩʱųȱ㡣
ؾ֮ڣʱսⲢؾ֮ھ޷ʱշˡ
Ϊؾͬ淶Χ֮ڣͬڱԴ֮£κεطԡؾͬ⣬ֻȶԣѶҪһЩˡ
ǣⲻʲô⣬ͩʱָټһһӡ֤֮£ѸٻΪĸ
Ǿĺô
ڴ֮ǰͩǧ꣬ʣھֻ֮ͩǧҾѸٵ۷ʵĿֲ߶ȡ
۷ʵľ磬˵λѾˡ
Ϊǿߣλ壬ҰֻŲλż֪ʲôʱͻѽȫȽȥȻλ

ͩڻصλȻߵ۵ļּ֮УԿϾ߲ˡ
ͩķ;綼ˣǾתȻû̫Ľͩھؾ֮Уܹչֵʵʵϲû̫
֣һô˽ͩڵľתͬսƥУ
ΪʿΪǿľâǰƨǣ
ͩû̳أΪʱͩؾĿѾȫﵽˣһɣõ֮еĵһɱõĴ
ջѾͩˣؾ֮Уٶ棬ͩһҲ޷ȫռɣ
ͩ˵ҪģԼΪͬʱҲҪӦӵȵսطҪҪٴҪݡ
ʴԲͩûֱչǧꡣ
ΪʱٵԵʣֻǹ¶ѡ
ʵͩչ֮ǰͽ֮еһūڣ˳ȥȥؾԴһȥ̽̽һɸֵĵعء
ͩԴ˵Ȥرˡ


482  ع̽
ɽˮ¥СԺģơ
һֳһ潣СԺյ֮
ͩõȫкͱ򣬵Ȼٲ˽ľͩͿ԰֪ϣȫΪá
ⲿľĵλʵϾ൱ķһ㣬ɰٴ
ͩ޵Ȼûб䣬ķ޳޼ֶľ
ͩõҪڶʱڷӳԼʵޣõѡ
طԺ
ڵͩƺǳȫ棬ʲôᣬ˵ʵڵģÿһ㲻϶⡣ֻΪȫ棬ͩۺʵǿ
˥ڼ䣬ʿΪõһٵΪطϣʵͻۿۡ
ͩǰһÿһطȥоĻ˷ʱֵò̫ͩҲʶһ㣬ڵõ֮󣬸ɴר޽
˥֮󣬵ȵΪȶõĳ֮ȥʱ佫ط
УһԭǾֻǽܷǿ

ǧͩרעС
ڻľ֮ͩų׸ܵʮʽ
ľϵΪɢҪʱա
ǻ޷ҡͩڽʮʽ֮󣬲ŷȥʮнʵֻĽ
ǰʽһݻ£ľзɢУסһ֮Ϊн
ʽһݻ׹ⰵַľףһʽҲľ֮ɢ׹ⰵַڶ֮Ϊٽһп콣óԽޣԽ
ʽһݻʱֻأѧһߣýλҲܹƿʱ֮Ϊֻؽ
һʽһһҲĵʮʽ黯һʽݻĵĽΪһǰϰɵĻϣͽ
ƾ˽ѼԪ
Ϊɺϵǣߵ·ӣͩߵ·ʵϼΪơ
е׹ⰵٵʱգٵȫںЩ
ô˵أʱ֮֮ͳĴҲǧֻǰʮǿĴò˵·ӳѼԪˣպѡĵ·ġ

ԣʵϣ޵Ҳʱմ
Уı仯ǳѼԪ֮Ĵ
Ԫûгѣͱʲôˡ
ͩʱմͩͳĵ·
Ҫ֪Զ֮пҵľҪˡ
ʱմˣԼ֮⣬ǵˣ
ʷ壬վʿǸԪ֮ĵһˣ
ԼԪһ˳Ѵʸɵ֮УֱӳΪ洫ӣõأ
ʱմ·ĺܿдƽκγͻеĴΪųеĴƮ죬ѶȱʱմҪеĴ̫֮ɵպɾޣеĴᱻơ
ͩõͳĴУǹڴأһص
Ȼͩڵľ磬ûʸϵİء
ͩһǧĿҲǰģѾںǰʽΪһнںʽķٽ
Ŀǰڳֻؽ
ֻǽչֲ˵ȫûн
ֻȥҪǧСɡ

ͩɲʱ˷
ԣͩأֻǸһأͩͽӵ˼ūϢ
ԮϢ
ͩҲûгɣʱΪһԶݶȥ
ͩڱչ֮ǰ۷ūڸڵĴȥ̽ѰǴڷֵĵع
¹ȥˣûʲôϢ
˭뵽ͩһأͽӵԮϢ
ͩһ߷һ߲鿴ϸϢ
ԭǴعʿڽƵоǳǳͩյļλū֮Уֺǡþֽͨơ
ԣ޾ԪǴعĽʵѾȫʢʱ֮һƽ⹤ǽΪ˳
⼸죬ǴعĶ̫󣬱˷ˣһͶչˡ
ʼʱ򣬶һЩսĵˣֵҲסǺսѶҪһֺȻ͵סˣҲұ¶Լߵݣʵۿۡ
ͩʼʱ򣬲ûаǴعҲţ̽һ̽⴦عż˵벻ջأ

ͩٶȼ죬رͻƵ۷ʵľ֮ͩһݣٴ
һʱͩ͸ϵ·ص㡣
һعڿ˴Ʒ˾޴ĸı䣬عѾӵ˵棬ѹֻô̽ˡ
ͩϵֺʵ
ˣתҵĵ乬֮С
ͩڵع֮⣬ƵعĴµΣ֮󣬲ؽع
Ǹոսعڣͱסˡ
Сӣʶľ߽뿪˵أǻɽռˡɰսǿزկһս˵
Ƿƺ
Ħܶ

һ巽ÿһսͷ
ͩ̾ˣ֮ǰѾսǿ߽ȥˣһֻһ
ƺǿʵЩɢǿɲӣȱ㹻ĵ̡
ңЩսʼǿֻ߲һҲ˵ǽؾȫûҲܹܵʧ˽ǡ
ҪǻɽկƺĦܶĻҪǽؾȫûô²̽ɢҲ᳹Ϊĩ

ͩһųսʼѹ˵Ǹʣ
սʣ
ڳŵˣ̴ˡ
ңСĲңɽսɫһף̬ʮȴת䣬ޱȵͩȥ
ҲһǸЩСɢޣȴΪսʼǿߡ
ˣһ²һ£¾Ҳ͹ȥˡ
ֵͩȴӡ
֮ͩϲãЩŵ˼Ϊ
ͩ˿̿ǵĲǵ棬ϲá
˵ˣͷͨعҪҪöࡣ
ͩ˽ָָٽ
ָֻֻͩһ㣬ǽָƺ˸ŵ׹⡣
ͩӰ͵شԭǰʮףȻջؽָ󷽵߽˵عڡ
ͩӰոʧ֮巽̵ܹʮˣͬһʱڵأϸ۲ͿԿǵüĶһס
һ⣬ȥԣ
ɴ䣬ֶϬ
һĻҲһЩпӵعʵԽɢ޻Сˡ

ǿȻսʣ
찡һϢ˲ɱ̫ǿˡ
ᣬûᣬҳ尡
ػڵعڵЩǵսСʿ׼˻ᣬ˵ع
ھԵʹ֮£ЩսսµʿںİΣ˵عÿ˶ΪԼǣԵһܹӵع֮еõԶŴС
뻢ѨɵûӣΣǾͲؾˡ
ϾؾֻҪսǿ߽ðżķգؿר֮а޿ɲʡ͵ĵơ
֮£ع֮ӿһ
ͩع֮̾ͷˣһԹһĹȺ
ڣͩ￴˹ĴΣŴ򲻱䣬Լһ׵ͨͩ˳ظϵ˵عתĵ
һ·ϣͨ裬Ѿȥ
ֻ߱˰ȫ
ͩϵʱ˸ںֺ˱ڹһǣ󷨺͹һЩ֧š
棬ʮսʩѹ
ʶ࣬ƽطݹҵĺ

Ӵ֡ͩʮִ󷽵¶Σ̤˹
ʩѹʮսһתͷͩɵϸشһ
ûͩĵϸȴܹϸڴóʵˣ˿
Ǻˣĳλսʵ
ˣ󷨺ͽ֮ڵֺϲؽе
ǣڳʮսֵؿͩ
ͩʼ򣬿˵Ѿ֪˭ˡ
Щ˲֪ͩĵϸȴ֪ͩǵзѡ
Щһﻥཻһ
֣֪˭ͻȻһ
ʮսĬޱȵͬʱˡ
ףͩԭΪЩսɢǿߣġӶֵĬš˵ЩսȻͬ
˵ʩչؼҲΪǳɢ֮֡
Ҫϣɢ޵Ļϵôǡô
ڶֵͬʱͷͩ·
ϣޱȡ
ЩսǿߵԼΪʹսи߽׵ˮ׼
ǵĺϻͨսҲʮǱ

ߣͩмߵ
һߣҲЩһ֮
ֻͩνĶҲãֱָỮذĹ켣
УһɫͻȻţס
ǣ֮£ſֲɱ
ãͻȻΧͩʮսͬʱڵġ
ٴ֮ҲûгѾʬˡ
ǿˡ
ǰʽΪһнʵϾͷ·һ̺Ľһ㣬ǵͷ·꼻һ㣬ݡ
ϢĪ
һڸǽ֮еĿֲɱ
ϢһǾԵֻ֮Ĺ֮£޶
ñòס
һȺսȻЧѡɢ֮£Ϊϰʱմ
ǿ׷ɱ
ͬʱҲɱ˲ǿߡ
׷ɱ֮¶ɹһʲô״֮´ġ
ʮʽͨʽ֮УɱֻǷǳֱָĽС
ǷԴں֮󣬾Ϳʵһɱ¾


483  ջϲ
֮£ź˵ɱӣһɱˡ
ͩǳĽ൱⡣
ʮʽϳɵĽǰͩǳ⡣
ֺ֮ͩ󣬴ǿ˽⵽ǰ
ˣعȥƺʲôһ·ʲôҲûջ񵽣Χֺ˵
⹬ãƺǼΪҪĲر֮أס˵ķ䡣ͩһ£˵
ͩʱסѧУᣬѵӪ֮ļᣬԲ뵽Ƿȥ
䣿˼Զĳŵļ᣿ֻǿջһ¥ĴڣֺķӦ졣
еֻܽͣΪʲôÿĽƶһַͬɺӺе
ˣǸô죿ڿѯʵ
ţȥţкôֱǡָͩһ㣬ҲûعʲôԵΪԷһͩǾסعڣһ
ͩЩֺȶսʱֻ¸һ⡣
Ϊֻиڲڵ
ֺھؾ֮Уʹȫһ¶ףء

ͩ͸ڳ˵ع˵ع֮ʮһɽɽϣһʱ
ͩͶ֮дȴĽغڶڣʱʱ̽һϢ
һμ¹ȥˡ
عѾ˰ϽؾˣЩ˵Уսϵġ
ݸڰд̽治֪˶ٴս
ǰعصúûб֡
ڵع¶⣬ĽƺȻסô˴롣
һеһеҲõһЩ
ֻЩͩ˵ûκε
Ǹڻս֮УαˡõҲһЩ鱦ѡ
֪֮ͩ󣬵˵ͷ˵عҲʲô߼Ӧǵͼӵɣ
䡪ڵعģͻȻ֮䴫һ죬ͩʮﶼܹ
ͩΪ棬Ӷ֮˳˵ع
ֻعģһȻ֮һǰһӰ
ͩεһ۾Ϳ⼸Ӱʵ
ףȻλսʣͩؽе

ǰ·սʣֳһعӣطɶݣҪѺ׷
٣ӵ׷ںλսʴ
ˣ٣ͣ
ۺˣͣ
ĸսʶԼͬر̬Ҫ͡
ҪǮҪļһȥҪƬ̡
սʺԥٹһ
սļһһƶˣˤڵأѪ
һһսȷʵ
ͩȻýԶҲܹԤӵĹ
ͩרҵ۹һ֣һΪˣʺʿʹáӹûĻƷƷܿƷɱ
˻ⱦֻһͨɱѡ
ӣλսӦǲŵõӦòʱԴ˱пƷɱ
ͩһ£ͨɱͩûС
ƷɱĻɱͩòϣҲûȥ̻׸Ⱥ
Ʒɱı涼൱ѵõıˡ

ͩһ£׷ȥ
ֿɵõıܷͩŹ
뵱꣬ͩΪһƷɱðմص֪ټգջ񡣵ԴǴ֮Ʒɱϡ
Ʒɱѵá
ǰλսʣҲͩһ¡ӲӲᱩ¶ԼݣΪƾ֮λսȷʵѡ
ң˵˶ӣͩ
ǵƾ֮ʩչҲδزսʤλսʡ
սʵٶΪһӣ᲻Ҳ޷ٿˡʵϣӿѰʵԽɽ·ܹŽйˡ
ʵϣս̧ܹһɽܳٶѾ൱ǿˡ
λսȴװٶȻսʿϼ֣Ҳտʼʱ׷ϣʱƣ˫ľԽԽ
ڷɳ֮սʱλսʸΧˡ
ϴʵ̫ˡ
٣ʶģǿԲΪ㡣
٣ҪҪ
ϴܲġ
սǱرΧȦһֻһңô֣

⻰̫ȷˣֻһȴĸô֣
ܰӷֳĽذɣ
ٿ˿ܣ˵һ룬ճ˵Ȼ˱ǴһֵͬģǾʵ˭ˡ
ã˵ͷӦȷʵͬ˵ֻһָܷˣҪõֻѹȺ۲С
ͩʱ򣬴Ӱ֮˵֪ܲܲ룿
ʲôˣսʿͻȻһİˣͬʱ
ͩЦЦ˵λôţҽҲᡣ
ǣЦ˱ǧŵõıʲôʸ룿ĳλսʲˡ
ƾʲô
ĵرе߾֮Ȼûеߣֻǿ߾֮αعأ˱ȻҵҲƵİɣͩЦЦ˵
ǲӦأһ˸׹˵
λҲʡ͵ĵƣԼͬñͩ
ǽµȻǺþۺɢȻǲԸ⣬¾ֻжˣǸʱ¿ɲұ֤λܹˡͩسʵ

Ȼ˵ͩʵȴ·Цһ㡣
ĳλսŭЦ
ŭ⡣
ƾ㣿ǲм
ڿЦš
ҵҪһԡﺬ
ҲգȻǱʾͳȫǡͩһӣһϡ
էһȥͩϵĽƽƽ档
κ˶ţͩŵģɱ֮еɱ
ͩûд߶˽ܣҲûбҪ߶ͩóֻһͨıʹãõֻķ
ͺûӣȴһսһǹӵ
ǲţǾͿˣһǿ콣Уٽͩй׵
䣬һѾӳ
ҲãҲգûпͩγġ
ǸղŶͩԱʾмλսʣͻȻ֮üĴףԽѪҺ˳Զûü°䣬һãȻ˫ؾˡ
ȻԼôĶ֪ȻֻʣãȻı飬ǿ־塣

ڳλսʣĿɿڴؿŵϵʬ壬еת
Ǽٵİɣλսʼͬһʱ̣ʶ
ţҲȥšһͬĸ֣ȻԷһӲͱɱˡ
ʵǰǾٲԸȥţҲòʵ
ʱλսʿͩ¶˿־ɫ
ǲò־壬һɱսʵĿǿߡ
ǲò£Ϊ֮ǰǻˡ
ôܣУѾЩ˹ĸоˣͬʱҲзй־ζС
ǲйͱˡ
ţǡͩ˵ţͬһӳ
һȷʵ̫ˣ쵽ǵ۾۵ٶȣͬҲ뷴ͷոһ£Ȼ֮оһʹͿһϤͷֻһͷ
ϤӰ￴ͷϵıֻɻȻ־塣
ȻϿ־֮ɫڻŵļȴԵؿ˿־֮ɫ
ŵˣһ⣬ÿһͩ

ˣˡ˱ҲˣҲˡλղŻںͩսʣ·𾪹֮һ֣ڲغˡ
Ҳһ˵ҵֻܲǿ߲ʸӵС
˽񣬹컯ҵԶԶ磬ҲֻϡսʵɫҲʮȴת䡣
ţǺʶʱΪʲôǲȰ棬ǵòײĲأͩǳޣǸ̾˵ͩ˹ȥסӣһӵק
ͩͬҵصеĹӣ̾ʦᰡȷʵһǳ
Ѿŵ亹ðˣ겻ӦĶͷȻҲк¡
ò˵ͩһԵĿֲѹ
ǣǡ˲ͣظ͵
ϲ˵ñ¾ѡˡսȻԵҪõǸӣڿҲֻһѣʱﻹԣĽɶʺޣҲò
ϲϲ˼ˣСҲٴţʹ˸ˡҲɵ̷Ӧ˹

ϧʶᱦϢɲŪ˾֪λӦܹ±ʵһİɣͩͻȻתƻʵ
ҵȾԻᱣܣԶҲй¶ȥս̱̬
ˣµҵҲϽ̬
𣬿ڱֻ˲ܱܡͩ˵
ܣһһ룬˵תͷܣ
һһʹȫܹ뵽ˡ
ҲǱͩһ¶Ҫɱڵ˼ḻԥؾͷͷˡ
ʱҲֻǸ̫ҪĿתԼϣޱȿͩ׷ɱˡ
νѣƶ˼
棡ͩмЦһ˲ӳ
ٽָٶȿ죬佣׷ٶͬҲƵϰˡ
Ѿɳǧ֮սʣҲһֽٺ꣬ͩʱǹɿµѹҲ֪˿־嵽ʲô̶ȡ
һʱͻȻ֮䣬һǿҵΣոдĵӿ

ǻӦѾн˲ҽһصڵϣһϢˡ
ŶԣӦ˵ڰ֮ʱѾûϢ


484  ׵۹
ͩǸϵɱĹӣݶȥ
սĶԵҲûо̫ˣȵ׷֮˸ϵʱͩѾ뿪ˣֻ¼սʵʬ塣
λսʵʬҲ˺׷ߣǿǰһĻǲǰ벽ʵ֮˵ʵ̫ǿˡ
ֶ̫ɾˡ
ͷβûֵ֪˾˭
ͩһطչȥˣûȥѰֻճԼū˳ȥ̽Ϣ
ºͩū˱չ֮е֪ͩͨؾرյʱڽˡ
ǣͩɽվɽϾȺš
̵һؾ֮еջ
̽գ˵ͩĿǰΪֹջḻһΡ
õһϹɱԼһλܵдС
ֱӵĸ򴫳У崫һ㣬ǹ
˹֮⣬Ȼһλµи
ݸǱ˵ģָͩҲ൱޴ģֻҪջΪУǾԼջ
ֻⲻ˵ġ
Ȼ֮䣬ս֮һָͩ

֣ͩӹ֮Уͩо˿ռȻؾұܡ
Ὣߴͳȥ
ͩûзգ֮ͱ˳ȥ
ͩ͵óǣǧ֮ĳԭ
ؾĴͣȻһͣὫӳ⣬һڡ
⵹ʡͩٹ򣬷ͩ͵˵ķ
ԣͩҲͼ·ˡ
ͩеĿĵ׵۹½ǿ۹
ȻԴΪȥʶһڵ׵۹ǰһ
ͩ˸ڣʹ鱦۸·ͩʱշ
ͩؾʱֻǧ꣬Ǽϻʱʱ䣬ͩڵڶ˥֮Ѿһꡣ
Ҳ˵ͩĵ˥ٲԶˡ
˥ȻԪ֮˥ʵϣȴҪΪԼٵСǧӳʱշ
ȻͩʱշȻΪ洫жһأûдﵽʱںϵĳ̶ȣȻȱݡ
Ȼȱ㲻ʲôԪ֮˥ʱӰ첻̫
ΪԷһͩҲɽʱԵȱݡ

ȱݵĳʵΪͩõ֮󣬾֮µıȻ
Ϊ˵ĸʼǱ˵ģͩõִеĸΪܵĸѾΪԴˡ
ǲɷϣǱ˵ĸͩľ覴ûⲻ˵ġ
ֻҪõĳλܵиܹ̳ΪǿߣǱ˻ƨ
ͩľҲһ֢ģһ·ϣͩҪ֢
ڣͩȻʵľϣȻӶ۷ʣϵı仯覴ûֲġ
ȶԣֲ覴þҪҪʡʱöࡣ
ͩµ覴˵ˣʱĳͻûȫͬʱʱںϲ
ҲΪʲôͩչǧ޽ȴȻûԭڡ
ɵ֤ͩʮİնɹ˵˥
ֻͩ߳ɰǿ˵˥
ͩ˵ȻԸ˵ˣɽǶϷܹ֤ʮɵİգȻٺòˡ

һΰȥˣͩڿԽ˴½˴½룬׵۹
һ·ϣƽʱʱľв۵ļһסͩȥ·еʱԼܹ򷢵ǸʱĶΪڵǿߡ
ͩòԶ֣һ·ͩϵĸޡޡһûһǧҲа˰١
Ϊвͬûеۼǿ֣߳ͩҲǳǱ˵ǵۼǿߣҲд֮ˡ
ʵϣ·Ҳսһ㲻飬ֻǿͩ鱦۰ˡ
½֮ʱսûдڣΪ½Ը·ҪѵʱȻͳһЩͩǳơ
ǰڷ½֮ϣһͻǼʮ;͸㶨ˣȴҪѰʱ䡣
Ҳѹִ½Сǰˡ
Ϊ̫ͨ㣬׵۹ܿƵķΧҲޡ
ڽ׵۹֮ͩŷֵһ۹ǲһ
׵۹֮У֮һֳ۵ڳ۵֮ϷҲãܲҲգѰ֮ؿʮ
ٵĳ۵佨˼·Ҳ档

ĳ˵ֳ۵ҲʱսĻ֮
绷֮£ֳ۵Ҳйȥ޽ֱӽ贫Ǹʡʱʡʡɱ
ֳ۵ҲϼΪȽΪʲôȫ½ռأΪ޽ɱ̫ߡ
ͩʱ䣬׵۹ı߾׵۹ĵ۶
׵۶һ˿ڵ۳ǣͩڳ⿴ȥǳǽ֮ϣ¼֪Ľơ
ɴ˿ȫûн֮ͩУҩͱҲ˵Ҳжеļ
ͩŸڣ̤˵۶
һߵһЩջʱס£˵۶ҹʵҹڽε֮ˣҵһ֮أͷ¶ޣҲ롣
۶֮еĸߵջȻһİ󣬵еսҲס˼
ͩ㲻ʲô
ͩԭвٰһžԱ֤ͩסʮꡣ
סʱֱͩڹ̨ѹһž
ͩĴͣջ¶Ϊ⣬ͩķû˵
ͩÿɽ亣ζ
ֻ׵۶۳ǣҪһһ߳Եһ飬ҲҪʮʱ䡣

ͩսʼǿߣ֮ǿƣǿ֮УսҲϵڶεǿˣͩ棬ûʲô۵ļһȥͩ
ǵ۶֮еһЩӵܣ붼иػļƷүҲͩǿߡ
ԣͩǳ˳û㷳Ļɨ˵顣ͩǮҷҲһû˿鷳
ò˵ΪǿˣɶҲԽ
ֻͩͨսҪǸôǮԻᱻĳЩĻ˸ϡ
ƥ
赵Ĳƥ򣬶ǴȻûˡ
˵ڵͩȥչϹ䣬ȴǲԵġ
ͩȴһֵĸо·۶֮УʲôԵϵһ£㲻Ȼֻͩ
׵֮󣬾һѪܹǰڤڤ֮еĳЩԼصĻºͻԵ
ͩһθоľǴԵʲôĴԵȴ޴ӵ֪
Ҳ˼ҲͷˣͩȴΪԼĸо

ͩ׵۶һ¹ȥˡ
ͩϽջΧĺĺóԵĶһ飬һ飬ҪȥԶĵط棬ɾͲܿ˫ȥˡ
ͩȥһ޳ΪĹߡȻǸˡ
۶Ĵ֣һ㶼Ϊҷֹȷ˵ĵ޳Ҳ޳ĵ
һ죬ͩ޳ڽֵϣԭһ˳
Ȼ֮ԶʿҪ֪׵۶֮УѰ֮ڿշУսʼǿߣ۶֮ҲҷУֻսۼĴܲʸ͵
֮⣬ǵ۹ٷ˲ʸУҲµʱС
ڣͩͿʿж
ЩʿŽֵ䣬ÿһʿ
һһԼʿӿ£ͩ޳һۣغȵȷֵλϡȻԼʿͩΪǿ̫¹
ֵΪǻڣֵָͩȺʵ
Ƿֻǳеʿش
ԭˣڣѳϵĵȥ³֡ͩԸһһԵеϡ
ʿ˵ûΪѣϾֵߵеϣֵĿɶˡ

ͩȺ֮Уһģսʵλˡ֮λΪ֪࣬ԪӣôãȻһЩ˽⡣
ӴԭսʴˣкηԸߵǿػص
˵棬׵۶ȻΪµһ۳ǡֻǽⳡô£ֵͩʵ
Ŷûʲô£ֻǽǧһȵĻ룬״۶ڽȥ̨죬Ҫȥ棬ԲŻô¡ء̫顣߻ش
ԭˣǴΪ飿ֵͩʵ˼һҼЩƽͷպ£
֪ʵ۱»ŻʼӴ·˵˱ÿʱÿ̲ɢף֮⣬˹ޱȣưˣ޸ɨƽħȹЧЩƽͷգȻմմ⡣߿˵ÿǧ꣬¶߷ף֮⣬͸ҵȡ
ͩˣ˵ͷ˵ԭˡ
ó׵۹Ļҵͦĵ
ÿǧ궼͸յôЩƽȻжң֣λȻԽԽȡ

һе̳ڽֿڣ
μ£Զ˽Թָ񣬲ڽе
ųм䣬һ޷Զִ󳵣޸ǣȫ¶죬ϴ𵶵һֳȨ۵󺺣ͷϣһǻʹڣ
ʹڵߴһף飬âף֮⣬ȷʵǺö
֮⣬ʹ֮ϣϣǶһöı飬κһöƵǶĵر
ֻʹȻѣϳˣʵƷߣ鱦ѣʵҪˡ
ԽԽˣף׼Ʒĵرıȴֻ鱦˷Ѱ
ȻףƷߣȴΪУ˱ĸɱЧǾϼѵġ
ͩҲҫף֮⣬оһֹâȻͩò󣬵ҲС
ףӦôڳ˯֮е䱦ȴͻȻ˹ͩʶ֮не
ôˣֵͩʵ
Ȼʶ˯Ҳһʶ֮ǰܵʾ˹䱦ش


485  ͼı
Իޣ֮ĸܹԻ޵ϳģֻ䱦Ǯһˡ
ȻҲýϽС
ͩע̼ҲЩ仯
ţҵĸ֪ûдĻӦþʹϡʲôҪֱܷ֮档䱦شڵȵǿ֪ҲӾ׼
ʹڣͩǴ״ͷϵĻʹڣ֮гȺռ
ǸͩڶǿǾ
Ȳ֮Ужսϵǿߡ
Ҳ״Χǿͽʿ
״սۼΪͲͩܺ˵ġ
ʹͩ䲻⣬˾ܣҲܵõսǿߵ׷
Ȼͩһλսۣ׵۹ĵ۶սۼǿ߾Բֻһ
ͩҪȫ֣Ȼ¶ԼݣǸʱ򣬿¸ս۶֣ͩҲ֪жǿΧԼ
ͩϹɱ֣Ҳͬ·һ
ͩɲԷɵ顣
ûһİգͩǾԲðȻǿġ
Уֻаˡ

ʵϣѶȸ
ʹڣػ֮ɭϣǼֱͭǽһ㡣
οڽ֮У˭֪˶ٱ̬ǿߣ
ͩҴģ׵۹ųƴ½һ۹֮еսǿߣԲֻһ
ͩǴȡʹڣǼֱӴ򹷣ȥ޻ء
Ͼڴ֮ͥ£Իˮ㣬ðȻһ֣롣
ͩջ֮󣬾˳Ⱥɢˡ
ͩҲûˡ
ɴ˻ص˿ջ
صԼķֱ֮ͩӱչˡ
ǴϢʵͩȴıʹڡ
һǲܴﵽĿˡ
͵ĿҲ󣬱ֱͩӷˡ
Ҫõʹڣֻеȵǧ֮ˡ
Ȼˣͱﳤסȥˡ
ҪסôסڿջͲˡڼͩͼıֵĹؼʱڣסڿջ˶ӣǾԲʵġ
ҪһΪס
һԺǳһׯ԰ǱҪġ
ͩҪѡǣڳڳˡ
ڳȻд̽Ϣ㣬ԼӴ㣬Ա֯һ硣о㹻İȫΪڵ۶֮ڣû˸ҹȻ֡
ڳ⣬˶ĿĻ󣬲̫ͬΪڳ⣬Ȼˣ̫㣬ȴ㹻ʱ

ס֮⣬ͩҪԼʵҲҪɹ˵˥Ϊ֮ж١
ͩزģҪ߳һıԺɾԲס
ͩרעؿŷ飬ȴʱ䡣
̺ĸڣ˷ʵˣϷԸƹģΪ׼׼׵ˣԣͽ
԰ɣһƹĽ˵ҪԸͩһش
õġӦ
ͩΪջĹԼĶΪ֮á
һ£ͩڰò͡
ͩԼĶʱ򣬲Ѿ˸ʽȡ
ƹҲԹʺ
ͩһϵʳ˵ͷ׼ò
͹⣬ǱҡƹЦ˵֪͹ٻҪηԸ
ڴ˳סһʱ䣬ƹĿ·Ϊһʵׯ԰Ϊ֮ءǮ⣬Ҳ㹻ĳɣƹܹ쵽𣿡ͩ˫ֳϣתͷŶԷʵ

ţû⣬ǲ֪͹ٶԵطСλáλʲôҪ󡣡ƹһڴӦʵϣǿջıϰϣҲвٷۡ
ֻЩӵ֮ġ
ƹĻܹ׬ɣ¹Լ棬Ȼޱȵػ
ţǳⲻԶĴׯ԰λһҰɡͩ˵
ƹĵ˵ͷʱ䡣
ͩͬˡ
ƹĹȻͩ˼ıԺׯ԰ص㶼ڳ⡣
ͩȥһ£ѡһ̳ׯ԰
ׯ԰ȻȲ˳ڵķֻۣͩ˾ʮھ
ͩһ·ȻûпƣҲΪɱ̫࣬˴ʵֽ
ʮڶͩ˵㲻ʲô
ڽ֮ׯ԰ͩˡ
Ϊׯ԰תԵūһЩūáЩūûдﵽսϣ۸ˡ
ڹ൱ɵġ
ͩҲʽס˽ʼչ׼ӭ˵˥ˡ
Ȼʱ㣬ͩ˵˥һʱ䡣
ʹͩһҲż
ֻΪԷһͩòʱʱ䡣
ͩҲûм̫죬ֻ˰ٱٶѡ

ʮʽĻͩҪĨƽٽ覴ãֻдӻ֡ͬģͩҪֻؽҲҪӻ֡
ԣͩʮʽڿ졣
ʮʽͩзͣѾ˼Ϊܵĳ̶ȡ
ͬʱʮʽŶ׼ȷ˵ʮʽΪʮʽͩڵľȥ̫ǿһЩ
ʹǰʮʽѾ㹻ͩˡ
ͬʱҲڼԷĸա
ʱںϣֻ벽ѡ
ͩڳׯ԰֮пޣҲָӸڣڵ۶һЩײĻ죬ռŸϢ
ͬʱʼԼ֣һײɣͩҪǳΪ֣ͩҪϢΡ۶ֲ۹ìܣ۶֮еĶֵȵϢͩҪġ
Ϊ֪ͩһ֣ͻΪ״½½ĹС
ԣͩò¡
Ǻ·⣬ͩҲҪΪԼƶһʰȫ·
ͩţҲھؾĻ֮£½սǿӲӲ
Ҳսۣ֣ͩǲ̫⣬½սǿ߼һأ
½ΧһˣͩҲʮΣյġ

ͩһ֣ǿ϶½ΧˣǸʱ½ǿ߶ƼԸһˡ
ͩƵǣʱսĻͩҪô׵۹ִڴ½½ԵһңԶ
һ·ûڵͩٶȸ·Ҳûʮϵʱſܷɵ½Ե
ͩ׵۹ĹΧҲӳ
׵۹ĽͨϷ㣬۵ͨõ۹Ӧٶȼ졣
֮ͩ󣬿϶߳۵ٶȸۿۡ
ͬʱһ٣ͩҲҪһڻͩס׷ԣͩūһսǿߡ
һõЩȼʹͩѡб¶ұ׷ҧˣǾͲһΣˡ
ԣͩԸĺԶҲòϡ
һ·۹߾⣬Ӳ֮⣬һ㹻Ĵܹͩ߾ķ
ͩϸ£ƶһϵмƻͬʱܵ·ߡӦļƻҲһһƶɡ
ʣµģҪԺ޸ģԼӦƻ֮ı仯ˡ

ڲΪ֪£۶һΪСȻ
ɵİһλսΪ࣬ڵ۶֮Ҳǲ׷ӡ
ԣûκ˵ע⣬һЩͬʵİɼע⡣
ɵķչٶȵǲ̶̰꣬СɱͰɣ۲Ŵԣ˲ɢǿ
һڶ̶ͽͰɣ˵۶İ
үĴȣһվ˽Ÿ
λүɲһ㣬һλսʸ֣Ϯϴµλ׵۹е塣
λȨأݸǹ󲻿ԣƿ˸ʵȨš
ڵ۶׵۹ҲڲǵĴ֮һȻʵδؾͺǿȨԵսǿߡ
۶ϲ̨䱳ûе۹ȨĻ³ҡ
ȻСͰɻͰɵҲˣС۹ᣬֻҪ㲻ǵŭԹˡ
һﵽͰɵļ𣬱ûйȨô͵ŵ۹ٷɡ

ͩæ꣬һЩǰ˲֣ͩүȨ󣬶λүҲͩһƻĹؼӣֻͩûа취ƿӣⲻʲô⣬ȵͩɹ˵˥֮ƿҲ١
ΪͰɵͷǳ˲ʵϣͰֻڰ˵ģڵ۶Ļʵ۽£Ͱɾ˼е飬ٻ˼ҲָܹͰ
ϲ̨棬ȴŰ沢СȨ֮£Ҳ㹻ң
ͬʱͩ鵽˵۶֮УڵĻλսۣ
߸
о֮һ
⻹ܹ鵽ģ鲻սۿҲ١
ͩҪ̾һ׵۹ĵ۶ʵͲһż
Ȼս۵ĺȲۣɱϾǵۼǿߣСӣҾؾ˼ҵ
ͩ˳ɹ˵˥ʵھؾ֮УʮʵӲһ
֮£ͩòӵ͵
ĬĬز֣صȴջ
ͬʱͩһЩȽׯ԰ԼһūȻ뿪˴˵أԶʧˡ

ϷȫףͩƵԼ˼ʱ׵۹Ĺǣͩ˾˵ݣסׯ԰û֪ͩû뿪
Ϊ˲֣ͩʱʱ㲻ʱʱ䣬Ҳһǧϡ
˥ٽͩҲǰĲ֣Ҳʮ˳
ͩʱѾ˳ظƽ˾ϵ覴ã˳ֻؽ
ʱںϣλľ磬Ҳ˵ͩѾ˽λʸ
ֻ˥ˣ
ͩׯ԰֮Уһĵң׼֮ӭ˵˥ĵڼ䣬ͩʱ
ԣͩŻԼΪˡ
Ҵҡ
Ԫ֮˥һͩɹȥͩͻΪµۡѾ֪ûгµˡ
֮⣬ֻͩһΪɱ
Ļͩɱʱжɹ֮ȫ˵ļҲ
˵Ȼ˥ûȫɹ˥֮󣬽λͩʵһܴķԾƼɵס


486  ˵˥
˥ȻҲ٣ȴڶⷢ٣֮ʱϢ˶ɽ֮⣬˶֪ͬʱҲӰ쵽ˡ
ɷϣ˥֮£Զɽ˵һ޴Ŀ飬ʱĶɽȫûжӦһС
ԣһ˥ʱȻıӻ֮¶ɽ٣ûеɢ޾ͻͩһɽ١
ͩҵĳڣڸס֮еϢ԰ĵڴ˶ɽ١
֮ͩеƴϣܽԼɹ˵ڶ˥֮лۣ¹ʶ֪¡
һʮ꣬˵˥ڶ
ͩԪȴڲʼ࣬˥ٵͻȻʹͩԪ˲丯೬ɣ
ͩҵȫȥֵ˥֮
Ⲣǳ֮ƣҪԪ࣬ȷķǿֻܻ˥ٵı޷ȫƣܶɹһ١
ӹ񣬴ûܹ⿿ɹ˵˥¶ɽߵķۺҲһ
Ԫ֮˥һûֹֻʱԽԽǿ
ۺķҲᱻĴ

ͬģԪ֮˥뷨֮˥ֲһ֮˥ԿСǧ磬֮֡
Ԫ֮˥ȴ޷ֻ֣֮пʱ֮
һɽٵʿ̶Ȼӽ򱶣
Ҳ˵Ԫȫ֮ǰɽߵķٶƽһ򱶡
Ҳ޷ͨʱںϵİأǴҲ޷ɹ˥٣ˡ
ʱ˥ͩΪϰҲûˡ
ѾﵽʱںϾͩһͻ֮ϡ
ƿʱշͩͿʱתԪ֮˥
ͩɵԪ֮˥Գܾãһ£ԪҪô˥ٸֹҪôǶɹ˥ٶֹ
Ϊ˥Խ󣬷Ԫĸ֮Խǿû֪Ԫ֮˥׿Գ೤ʱ䡣
ûԸⳬܹ꣬ɽٵǿߣҲԸⳬʱޡһ򣬾һ
ȻʱΣٶȻܿ죬쵽񫡣
ܹﵽ˵˥̶ȵʿеģԣһֻһӡ
һ㣬䱦Ҳͩϸؽʱ䲻Գһӣ̰ࡣ

пܻΪ̰һ
ʷϣʱںϣȴΪ̰˥֮¡
ԲŻһʱޣǰܽľ顣
ͩڵľʱںϣﵽʱںϵĳΡ
һӵʱշ򣬾൱ڲʮ£ǷǳҪĵ̻ۡ
Ϊ˵˥֮󣬾˵˥ʱҲڼ֮
ﵽ۾ʿҪԼΪѶȱͺܴ󣬸˵ֻмʱˡ
ԣʮķǶɹ˵˥һǳҪĻۺʸ
λۣô˵˥ʱǲܶɹġ
ԣԪ֮˥£ԵΪҪ
ţһҪر˵򱶸ָͩڸٶȵĻ򱶡
ͩڵķٶȾͱͬҪǿ򱶣
Ҳ˵ͩԪ֮˥ʱٶȣͬһڱ
ȿֲĲ࣬ɵʿٵԭڡ
ҪȻɵʿڽ֮Ҳڶ̶̼ʮ֮ڳ벽ѵĳ̶ȡ
Ż˥Ҳǻֻ㽫ԴǿɻԴˡ

ͩʱս֮ƽϢԪ֮˥Ȼֳɾųɵʶ˥ٽԴؼȡԼҪ֡
ͩĸ򣬶ԱȲ֮£ͩĽٶȷǳѸ١
Դ֮ͩʧھ֮У԰Ρ൱Σյ飬ûʱͿռ䣬ԣҲ֪ʱš
žӢΪ־ĵĲᶨһؿʧԼźʧС
ͩһʶ֣ڵͩҲѹ
ڴԴͩĸ֪֮У·ֻһ˲
֮еʣµһʶͩѣǿͩľųʶ
ͩʶع֮󣬲ŷһӵʱѾȥˡ
ͩŵһ亹һˣͩһֱΪԼ־͵Ķû⣬ڿ̫߹Լˡ
Һ䱦Ľ飬Ըһɵĸٶȣ˺֣Ŀ֮ذ
ʱԵϵһĲٶ൱ˣͩоԼľӳΣﵽ˽ӽɵĳ̶ȡ
ͩһʶڣȫĵͶ򣬻ܹﵽɵľҲһ

Ȼܾͩܿͻزˡ
ֱȶ񫻹ҪֲĿУĻ־ᶨʿҲʧòס
˵˥Ŀֲɼһߡ
ͩ¶˽֮־͵ĻҪǿĥ²С
ʶعˣͩԪ֮˥ʮǰǿ˰ٱ˿ʱս֮£Ȼͩ߳ɵԪ
Ҳ˵ͩҪѹûУֱԪˡ
ʱת
ʱսֻʱںϵĳ׶ΣôʱתĴͨ
Ȼͩʱתھؾ֮Ӧõ⣬һûǲġ
Ԫĸ˲õ˶ֹڽػָ
ָֻ˵ԪϵĻָʱ䡢ռ䡢ʡļ嵹ˡ
ͩӴʱתڴͬʱתʱǿŤתʷʱձ仯֮˻ܵ淴ɡ
ͩԪԭѾ˽߳ɣھȻתΪҲǸʱձ仯ıʷ
ķҲɱؽ١
ҲԪ֮˥ɲ֮һɽʱںϡĥ֮ǵĲͨ顣

淴ɶܲסǻˣַǶɹԪ֮˥Ҳڵ˥֮£û⡣
ɵȷʵǳǿ󣬺ͩۺǿķ֮ǱͩӲƾת֮
ͩҲһθܵ淴֮תԪĸˣҪǸһλλ񣬿֮ⷴǿ
Ȼͩڳ˾֮⣬ûȫʽ۵ɱ䣬ԲŻоͩȫۡ
ͩȻõٱǿȻٱԪʰٱ
̥ǰľ޴仯
λǿԶλλ֮⡣
ҲΪʲôһλܹѹһ߼ĵ̡
֮УƼʵﵽ߼̶ȵмΪʲôǵòΪûλѹ̣
λǰٶλҲͽ͡
ʱ֮£λߣͺз֮
ͩӵжⶴɱ壬Խ۵ʱҲԿ
λԷλľڡ

ֶʥʱھͻ֣һֱĳ̶ȡ
λʱʥʱԼʱ֮Ҳв֮ͬ
λʱʱյľ֡
ķҲʥʱֵԪ
λʱںϣ̤ż֮õ츳ͨ
ʱ֮Уͷ߿ؽ١ת
Ԫһһػָ
ɡĳɡɡɡһɡ
ڣǴԪɵĸ֮ȥ
Ԫ񳹵װɸ֮ɱģͩԪı仯
״֮з
ʱɵԪ˵ͼһָĲΡ
˴˷룬ӴԺƽᲨԪͷ
ٲǰһһ˾ˣһ
Ԫ֮˥һͩΪõһԽ
͵صõ˰ٱǿʹͩӼ᲻ɴߣͬģҲӴתѶȡ
֮󣬽ŷ
ۼķϻϣܹġ
Ӵ񡢸ۻķͩʵõһܴǰҪһɷʩչֻͨҪַȲֹٱ

ۣͩڽۼ
ɽ֮ĽͩΪһӿԽһ۵ĳںڣɹشﵽһ۵۷弶
ͬʱͩʱոСҲɵľ硣
Ѱʿ֮ΪٶȾԽü仺һΪ̫ΪĻ̫
ͩڵĴһ֤ͩľﵽ۵ļ𣬿ڽ֮£Ҳﵽһ۵۷ѡ
ͩû̳أǰ̾磬Ӧڵķ
⹮̾羹Ȼһξ꣡
˵˥Ԫ֮˥Ľʱ֮ͩȴ֪֮󣬳ɹɹ˵˥Ŀֻɣ
ԣ˥ٵʱӺ󣬶ʱطͩҲУһֻһ֡
׼ȷ˵崫֮һӵط֮УҲһӵط
طá
ֻһֻһ֡
ֶ
Ҫˡ

ʱ崫֮еطʱʮ֮꣬ȴʱʮꡣ
ĽҲͩҲʼδģôʥµطȲط
ϸ֪֮ͩطĲ
һĴطΪҸ䡷˷뱾գԪΪʱոѹʱط˷˥ٽٵʱ䣬ܹ̽ʱհأʱշĸ
Ҳ˵ʱطʵҲʱո̶ȡ
һĴطΪࡷ˷ǹ뱾ΪԪΪ࣬ѹʱ棬˥ٽ١˷ľϵط˷ܹľԴ
˷Ȼӵʱ䳤һ㣬ʵҲĲѡ
ҪС꣬ͩ˵ڶ˥ڣҲ͹ʱѡ
طǼططҪǧϵʱ䣬ߣʱҪꡣ
ʱϿǣȻǡࡷľ֣֮ѶҲͩ͡ƣǧұɣʣµʮǧͿˡ
һšҸ䡷ѶȾʹöˣͩҪǧҲ޳ɡΪʱطּѣѵʱȻ͸ʣֻʮһǧҿ


487  ڶ
ӳԶǣȴҸ䡷㡣
Ȼ˷ʱҲӵʱҲ̡ǲɷϣʱطǴŵҲŵĶطرʺʱմʿ
Ҹ䡷иʱմİԼʱںϵĽ׶ߵøһЩ
˵һ㣬Ҹ䡷ͩ۽׶εĽٶȿһЩҲڱ˸ʱ䡣
ͩĿޣڰеΪֻʱĽȴ֪ҪãͩʮΪѡ
Ϊƻʵڼûʱͩжո
ֲͩԸ˷ʱ䣬֪ʱĽҪ೤ʱ䣿
ǴӶɱɱԽ
һȻֻһ𣬵еĲر𰡣
൱һλ۷ۺͼԪ֮Ĳ࣡
ǿҲֻܻһԪԪ֮ѼԪҲܹȻ
ǱϵĲ࣬ʵ̫Զˡ
λλ֮Ĳٴ󣬵ڱû̫ġ
ɱɱһ𣬿ɱ൱ɱ֮гѼԪļƷ֮ȻǶɱܹġ

ԣɱ죬ʲô˶ʹõġ
Ҳ˵õɱ޷ɱ˵ûһ
ɱ˵ȫ֮ǿ֮µıͺͩеһ
ֱͩӰԼıɱģ֮Ҳˡ
ܹͩۼͽԼıɱʵݿɱˡ
ʲôԼʹõıͬʱҲԼֺ졣
ͩʱһϣͨޱߡͬģΪָͩ·ͩ˷̫ʱȥ··
ͬģͩ͸ʱı仯£ôͿԴеõ֮أ
൱ΪͩԪ֮֮һֻҪܹ̤ͩţһֱȥͿ˳ѼԪ
˵ˣֱǵ춨ͩĳ֮Ҳ
ֻҪܹܹͩ˥֮٣ϿȷʵͩһԪļԪ֮
˵ˣֻҪܹͩȫضɹ˥ôʣµʱֻҪͩ䣬ôѼԪǰ϶ˡ

ɱɱĽҪѵʱ䣬˵׼˵ǧꡢꣿֻϣ
ͩͼı׵۹ĻҵĴлʹڣܵɣ
ҹζడ
ͩԲܵȥҪԽ綯Խãһи˷ԼĲ֣ô״ݾˡ
ͩĲʵ㲻ʲôūҲȫûԹūĿûһ㷴ƵֶΣ
ԣͩǾһλҼʱ֣
ֻûʱͩҪȫˣ٣ɾͱȽˡ
˵ãӲĲˡ
֮ͩʵ޷óʱƾĽ֮еǰϹɱ֡
ͩʵȲϸ߽ۣҲܹ͸߽۹ˡ
Ľɱ¾֮ǰɣһȺףȻͬҲܹ
ڶ˿콣쵽񣬿쵽Խ˼Уò˼顣һȻǵһľ档
Ϊֻؽ˼飬һͿֱȥֻˣ۵ľʩչһǸûˡ
ڵĽ˽˳֮ӿֲͩڵľһЩ˵ˣҲûǸʱȥˡ

ͩˣԼշļū˽⵽
ܵ˵⼸ʮƽûнһţҲȹ̣ͬʱĹϵҲȶ
׵۶ƽҲûʲôҲϾ׵۹Ĺ¼ȫĵط֮һΪӽ£о۶֮صǿ߲֪ж٣Ͼаλսϡ
ǿսۣҲԵ޵еص۶֮ж֡
ͩҪ֣Ҳѡڳڣǻѡڳǽ֡
ͩһĿ
λǸ߽սʼǿߣݸ߹󣬸жȻƣҪūѶȻ治С
ͩһ£׼춯֣ΪūһλսʣҪûл֮ū֮ҪָƵʱ䡣
ͩǰʱ֣һӣ칦ٰ
ͩһʱ䣬һٶҪʽжˣҪʱָ
ҪȻ֮֮ʱҲɲʲôó
ͩĵڶǿƵ۶Ȩ֮еĳλ߲㣬ʱ֮ڲҲһϢԴֻ߷¡

ͩصĵ죬ͩʩչС仯һģȻȥˡ
ڴͬʱҲڶ¥¥
һڰİһ߸ϵүҲŴһʵϣˣ
ɮҲÿ棬Щ꣬ľӪʮֳɫÿ궼Ͻ˴ʵ󣬳үķϣҲҪӡ
ҳԶٷѣʲô
ͩΪ˷չͶ˾޶ʽʽڶûջ룬±Ҫķչʽʽ֮⣬ĲǸ·ֺ죬ϽͩһǮҲûҪ
Ƕһˡ
ͩҪرͻر׬ˡ
ϧͩ۽粻ڴˣУֻǻʹڶѡ
¥Ѿչˣֻ˲֪ˡ
ȻչĴչ¥ϾֻС£Ȼ֪ˣҲ¡
ҹĻ٣¥õòˣʱٽ¥
Գӭͩ仯һλĸ
ʣĸҲͩū֮һ
ͩǳ׵ؾͽӽ

ͩ˰˰ٶ겼֣һһȡĳɼ
¶ԷٴҲӽܹӽģҪһֹС
˽¥һ¥һİᡣ
Ҳǵһˣ˿ˣҶɡүͦģʵϣǶǮ
Щ꣬ÿһ٣ȻĴТǮ뿪νض顣
ТǰյɵТҪö࣬Դʲôģ
ӴҲķչǳ⡣ҲΪﵲ˲ҪֵĹ
˫ĺ˵ǷǳǢ
ͩһ㣬ɹؽӽ
ǿɵĻǽӽһ޴Ŀ顣
¥պǮģȻ̫ˣԴʱߵСġ
ΪҲǿҲսǿߣûҲ
ܿģϯͿʼˡ
үС˾һлүЩչˡһվƵ
Ҳɴһں¡

ˣֺγΪԼأ̹ʵ˵
ǣС˵õһǰʱڵı׼׸үһת˰ѱóү͡
ͩʱվӦһȻӻȡһµľС
ˣǰʱڵĹϲˡ
νǰʱڣָԶָ֮½֮ǰһ۷ʱڣǸʱڣ׵۹۾ݴ½Ǵ½Ψһĳ
ԲܹΪ
ǸʱҲ׻Ի͵ʱڡ
ΪҺᣬȻǿʱ˳羴
ǸʱڵĹʲôĹﶼԿƱΪҵϲ۴һʱ֮һղȡ
ϣѾԽԽҵǸʱڵĹˡ
һҪǸʱڵĹﲢ鱦ɱ֮ıָǸʱڴĶ
ǰŵĹһȻȤЩȲˡ
ͩľУ֮йȻڷһʮ־¡
óϸоţ֪ؾרע˽ȥ˺һŸ˵شȻƷһǾƷ
ʱĵʱ򣬾֮иʱ̡

ͩͻȻ֮䷭֮䣬ָֻĸգ֮䣬Էٽַ̳
ڶٽ쵽˼ĵز
ӦĻᶼûУ㱻˸ڡ
һ룬սʼǿûֹܹ壬Բͨô򵥣
ʵϣҲȷʵˣ˶ͩ˼ʮרƶɣǲɶõһͨɱ
˶Ϊɶʩչ˷֮á
˽ʱսһطߣҪ˵ã˼Ҳᱻġ
ֻҪУô޷ء
ֻǴ˶ҲȱݣȻһһɲǲʩչʩֱ̫̣ʱսˡ
ھؾĻ֮£Ҫ˳ܻҲ˿أҲֻһˡ
ͩǰصֶΡ
ҪǻУǼֱ̫ûˡ
ǱߣԺվɣһҲͬأ֮ɣ˸֪ѾһԸıδ¼ϡ
ͩڽס֮ʩչūʼСؿƲū

Ϊδһǳѡ
ͩԳ֣õطټʿ걾Ͳ̫ǿԶԶǵʵΪ
ͩǿ֮ū֮Ǽѵƿ˶Էꡣ
ͩɹذԼҵū
ͩͽͷˡ
걻ͩūˣҲͬܵشڵõͩһҩ֮£ҲҪʮС
ԣͩ˼Ϸ֮뿪ˡ
ȥ֮󲻾ãչˡʵϣǿʼҩ޸괴ˡ
֮󣬻صᣬ˵˵̫ˣˣɹˣĳɹˣʵ̫˳ˡϲˣϲˡ
ͩ˵ͷƽеϲãڶƻҲɹˣʣµĲҲˡ
׵۹ľ߲֮УͩɹһŶӣǰ˳ʩˡ
ʣµĵƻʽжˡ
һμУҲˡҲǰٶĹͩʼϸо·Ͷ׷ķ


488  ʽж
ǧһεĻҼ죬״򲻶һοʼˡ
һеĽֵһβͬ·Ҳˡ
ֵ߾ۼȺȻ٣е˳⡣
Ϊף֮սµʿһĺôΪԽͣôԽࡣ
ǧ˶Ϊ⣬ϻٶһЩˣرʿʽһЩˣ˼Ԫ
ף֮ԸƽЩˣڼԵǵԪ
׵۹ܹһֱͳŵ۹ͳΣò˵һ㣬÷ǳɹ
Ȼ׵۹ܹάͳΣĸĻǵʵ
׵ۻҴӴѵʱλеʱ򣬻֮жȱսۼǿ߽Ρ
Ҳ˵ÿһսǿߡ
֮Уֻһλսۣ
ǻҵĵ̣
ͩҲЩռһЩʷϵʱ򣬲֪׵۹ҵĿֲ̡
ˣ˻ʵ֮֮»вٳǵĿ֮£˵Уһҵ֯ռ֮һĹɷݡ
ĳԲֻһ
һһֱƿŵ۹Ȼ۹ĿǰĴͷƵսǿߡ
ҿֱӵսǿߣԳʮλ

һʲô֪֮ͩе߼λֻһλλ
˼λʮλλ񣬲һҪһλ߽λ
żλ˵ԴﵽʮλϣҪһλ۷ۣ
ţ׵۹Ķս൱һż
Ȼ׷ͩǲܵġϾ׵۹ҲһҶ󣬳֮⣬а˸۹ڣǺ׵۹ĹϵԲôǢ
ͩ˻ʹڣ»Ҿ㲻ܵ۹Ҳܹһ룡
ͩһ˾Ҫżɲġ
˵һжͩðž޴ķɵġ
ͩȴвòôɵɣΪ߽֮дͩҲ˵Լܹϡ
Ƕͩ˵û̫õͩҲŪңÿһﶼž޴á
ͩڴ˵ȱ൱졣
Ϊһżͩ˵㲻ʲô
磬Ϊһս
ͩ磬ΪǾż˵׵۹ˡ
Ȼ׵۹ʵϾھؾ֮Уֻ̫Сˡ

ͩĲѾˣֻʣʵʩˡ
ʽж֮ǰֻͩҪ¶ԼߵݣôͲ½ķ
ԣؿ֮ͩǲ״½ķ񷴵
Ϊʱûнϣͩɲҿ϶½ܹ֤֮ȫ
ͩΪ˸ְȫǣҲ½ΪС
Ϊ֣ͩսʵ̫ࡣ
׵۹ϵսͿȰżˣ˵ˡ
ͩڻ⵽̳ĵ·ߵȺȴš
ʱеĶŸճţͩ׵ľѡ
ͩڻڿǣҪҪɵ׹Ļʵۡ
Ȼ״ҲսǿߣͩͻȻϮ֮£ķкܴĿܳɹ
ɴ࣬һݣҪóһ㣬ʵɣȺ֮£ӻңͬʱҲԼѡͩа롣
ȻҲ棬ĸɵ״ۣûҷǸʱͩҪԶٻǿߣͺԤˡ

ʱ״۵гѾҪӽˡ
ͩҲֱ֪֣²֮еôס
ھͩߣף֮Ҳʱҫͩϡ
жͩһ֮ͨū
ͩȺսūͻȻ֮以֡
Ȼ㣬Ҷ
ϼһƾ㣿
սȻ
ϣɱǣΪٱ𣡡

ƫƫ߶ǹ¼ҹˣһЩ¡
ֱӸˡ
ɶ񣡡
ܣ죬뿪
˵ġ
·˲ҽе
е·ˣʵ΢֮󣬸ܵش
Χ·ܵ˲Сеط׷׵ܿˡ
άʿ׷ײȡж
ס֣ǲˣǰҲҷվ״۳ǰһλȵ
Ϣ֮ڣֱ֣ͣɱ⣡λʮǿӲ
ǣͻΧ

ڣ
ͩԳˣ
һɫ⣬·Խʱһ㣬ͻȻ֡
ڶٽ
֣Ѿ״ǰ
״۵ĳĳݣ͵һ硣
Ӧٶȷǳ֮죬ǣݵķӦٿ죬ҲȻһߣΪͩһٶ̫졣
ͩۼľͷʩչһͩҪöࡣ
쵽״۶ܵʱҲûС
ܵͷո𣬾͸оüһʹ֪
ΪһɻԵƿ״ǿƤͼӲͷǣֱӳԺ
ɱ¾֮нǿսۣҲˡ
ͩýһƿݽ磬ͻ磬ýһ״ͷϵĻʹھУȻתҪ·֮ǰָ״۲һ
һ϶££ǿսۿֲҲ񶹸һ㱻ͩһΪ
һ״۾ҵˡ
״һ䣬鱦Ļʹھͳ֮
ͩΪһ˲Զȥ
ͩġһݡٸ죬һʮ
ֲĶ٣ǿĶ
ڽ֮£κν硢ƻ󷨶ֱӴ͸

ã±̿ɱ죬׷ô̿ˡ״۵̷׷
Χ۵ȺǴңǿ״۱ɱọֱ̈̄ˡ
۶ķӦҲ൱Ѹ٣ַ׷ͩܵķ׷ȥ
ķӦٶȣȷʵƵһ
սۼǿߣͳλ׷С
״۱ɱϢܿʹ˾Ǳߡ
ͷʶһ£
رվмٳ۵
б߾ؿ÷κ˻
߾ʮţս׶Σһ߾оκιΪ̸跴ǣǧ򲻿ȳ֡
սţ׷ɱֵСսţȻһŵķţʵֻвһǧʿиսʼǿǵսһսۣ
һӳǵߡ
XXǵXXһߣгеפȫ֡

ķӦǳ죬˶ʮ۹Ըͩ
۶ĳϢҲ֧֣׷ɳԼһ־׷ɱͩĶ顣

֮ͩʩչһݣκη棬ǰĶҪǿʮٱϡ
ԣͩƣ˦׷
׵۹һʱ׷սۼ֣׷ʮʮҹ֮󣬶εͩƨɺ治֪ԶԻء
ͩѡ·ߣԶ򣬽ǼΪƫƧɽͻҰ
Ҳûʹó۵˼
Ҫ֪ͩɲûм۵ֶȻӷͩܣó۵ܣǲǴһ
ͩԸѵ
ͩ˦ƨɺβͣмֵ⣬۹ķʩеȵĲм
ͩҵܿͩūԱûκ
ͩڶ֮ǰѾС仯һףԣԷôͨҲ鲻ͩݡ
һΣȥˣͩ˦׷֮ûͣ٣ٶַ죬ͣ
㴦еı֮ټܡ
ΪôһֵĻʹڣʵ̫ˡ
ϧϵΨһĿװıûнȫռָ֮Ĵװ׵۹öòˡ
ͩαһֱʹڣͰӽװˡ

ͩţôȡ»ʹǶļűʯ
ͩרҵ۹⿴ףʯ֮⣬ʯժֻףʯѾȫʹں϶ΪһժҲˡ
Ȼźôһöټףʯȡãͩʵûа취ֻʹˡ
ͩ̿Ƕڻʹϵöʯȡ
Ȼ˵ܹʯȡ£ϾǶ֮һ๦ô׾ܹժģ
ͩһ£ҪһҡҪֻժһűʯֻҪѼСʱѡ
ôʱ䣬׷Ӧòô׷
ǣͩһɽΡ
䱦ѣﱦʯһţͩɲĿֻöʯĶȻ̰ĻһŹֻ̰ͬùϵطˡ
֮ͩó˰̣˺ɰ
ɰķΧԸǷԲʮϡȻ˵ɰ󷨣սʼϵǿߣޣҲ˵ޣֻ˵ͩļɰɱսʼǿߡ
ΪԤ֮ãѾ㹻ˡ
ͩ̿ʼ˽ŵĲ
ʱһһعȥˡ

׵۹۱ɱ澡ʧͬʱʧҲС
Ͼһλս۶׵۹˵Ҳޱȵս״۾Ȼû˿֮ͱɱˡ
Ϊ׷֣۹ļ鱨֯
۹ʱ̫Ӽ̫ӱرڻʹ֮УΪǲұ֤Ƿд̿ͰĿ׼̫ӡ
̫ӵ£йֵϢ鱨˹һ˵
̫ޱ˵
δ֪ʵսۼ𣬷ٶȺͳٶȶ죬ʵ൱ǿĿǰ⣬Ŀ׷ãûиĿǰĿͣδ֪
鱨̫ˣҪ֪ܹɱʳɹе쳣δšһ㣬ѵû˷鱨ǰǸʲôԵģ̫ӷ
ǣȥǰҲϣ̫˼ϸ壬ܰƨס
ţĿٯ˾Ǳôģ̫ʵ
Ȼǲ޵־׽ֹ鰸̻ش
ߣסҪץģ˺пܲһˣ䱳ȻĳЩǲҪʬϣҪǲĻʹ߻ĸ׵۹ҪñǷ񱨸׼


489  ͻΧ
ͩСʱŬڴӻʹ֮ȡﱦʯ
ͩ벻ǣﱦʯȻǴ˵Уؾ֮ڣʯ
öҲؾΨһһţ԰۷սͻƼԪı֮ˡ
ͩڶϾؾʿδ
ò˵ԵֶѽͣʯװƷǶ׵۹ĵʹ֮ϣΪк꣬ȴûһܹʯ
ʯĴй¶˳ȥ׵۹ؾǿǵʩѹᡣ׵۹п˶
ԣ⸣֮ĺѽ綨
ͩȻʯͬģҲе׵۹ǿߵķ׷ɱ
׵۹ĿֲʵԲͩ꿿һЩɫܹġ
صĿֲʵһЩҳԱԼ֪
⻹ֻǻҵʵƾľͷҳڻҵǿߣ֪жٻš
ʿȻԪƣΪﵽսۼǿߣǵԪҲ൱ˡ

׵۹ľľͷֱǽܡ롢¡ơ
˽սۼƽײ뿪
ʹ뿪һҲͳһλѣڱ߰ľ޶൱ټġ
֮⣬λͬǵǿߣϰλսʡλս
ˣΧɽսĮ
ǣһսʺսӦ
λѣܹɱ£ʵȻκһλԣλעˣһҪԴ̫ӵҪڣĻ֡սۿ˵
á
ס
ġ
Щս۳һڻҵǿߣȻʱڧ
ͻȻ֮䡣
ãɢΧɽȵһڸ֣˺ɰ
ɰ죬ֻϲڡ
ȴ˰Χ״
ͬʱҲŵͩ
ףȻ׷ˣͩΪ⣬ЩһôҵԼģ
漴ͩʶ̽鵽һʮһλս׵ƿ˺ɰΧסԼڵɽȡ
ͩʯȻջ˰̣һֳֽһŻʹڣһ

ʮһսۣͩΧм䣬һɫؿս׼
µĵ治СȻҴɱ¡¡ս۵˵
벻ǾȻ׷ˣǺ棬ôҵҵġͩʵ
ߣ²Ϊ׵۹Ĵлʹôõ𣿡սۻش
ԭˣлѡͩ˿еĻʹڣԭʹܹ˾׼λ
ʹڣ־ܰɣǽĻ֣ǿһ棬һʹ졣¡ս۷ǳֱ׵˵
ͩҡҡͷ˼ҵҪϽֻоܾˡ
ƲԣԷơ
ٷϻɱ˵սƢ𱬵жˡ
һսʹ˱
ʮһսۣ˵ʵʮһµͩϮ
ϲȭ
צ
ڤǹ

ʮһλսۣһⶼó汾
н
ͩΪģųһʵ
Щɡ
ʮһ˺˽ΧС
û̫࣬㱻ĥ

ͬʱͩȫʩչнҲһͬ
Ҫ֪һпͩʩչģѰս˴УҲˡ
Ȼʮһսһ֮ĥˡ
ҪͩǴУ³Բõȥ
ý
ͩĽȻҲûֳߵ
Ϊڳʮһλս֮Уͬһý
ʿֻȭȵģͬҲñֻ֮£ñҪһЩ
ǿʽĽ͵Ǵڵġ
ܹһзĽϳ˵ĽҲѹֻᱻͬǿߴ޳
ʮһλսΧʩǿ֡
ͩӽ꣬ͣмʮһͬǿߵĹ
ҲҪˣҹζࡣս۵һó汾죬һ
Ԫ
һսڡ
أޡ
ʮսҲ˺һͬеԪ
ͬһߵأ
ͩɫһ䣬Ȼˣսھؾ֮Уƺʱþ֮
νġ֮ʵǾ״ͷŵһԱսۼá
ⱻ֮ΪԪ

ˣ
ͩʿ޷֮֡ͩеıɱҪ߶Ҳġ
ͩȻܷЩԪϹɱ֣ҲⲻҪܵش
ͩϵؼϵϹɱ
һĽԼһֲɱ⣬
ã
ڳеս۶ܵһֲɱ⣬ͬʱһ
֮ͩ󣬲ŸоɱʹĲô׵ġ
ʱУڵķڷţҪӽ
ڻӽͬʱĳʼα
ͩɫһ䣬ûʹùɱ֪ҪɱĻ˿ֲ
ͩҲܹǿȫӶһ
һܹ֮ͩ㹻Ա֮ҪٻһͩҲûԱ֮ˡƴĻƴˣܹӳһ
Ҳ˵ͩڵķҲܹѺˡµͩûн֮ǰֻܼ˽ӽķС
ɱڳѼɱʹǵĺֲܿҪӦֵʹɱڵͩǲ𰡡
ٽͩһӳȻ̳˷
žͻָԭ

ٽĿֲڴ˽Ӧʱ䶼ûС
ʵϣͩһӳһţһλ
ǣͻȻн߱һ룬ʵˡ
ΧȦӳ©ͩðһᣬͩص֮еõϵȷɱ
ֻ֮£˱ܹӳʱҪ
ͩŻΪһ⣬˲ͳ˰ΧȦ
գ֮䣬ʧʡ
ٶȿþͺǰһҲס
ΪͷѾˡ
ͩѾԶڰ֮ˡ
ñֲͩٶȣ޵
˱ͩӷҪıΪͩòɱ
ڿȻûд
ڷɱļӳ֮£һɶһ֮ң
ʮݣͩѾԶǧ֮ˡ
ľ룬ȫܳ׵۹µĵһ޵
ûдֻǵһ㡣
׵۹ڵõ֮ͩ󣬾Ͳ޵ɳ˽ʮսۣ
ֲĵ̣˾̾
ȻƺԱżʵˡ
ʵϣȴǲȻ
Ϊս۳˾ؾ֮ۿһʮʮλսֻۣ൱λ۶ѡ

ھؾ棬׵۹ʵ൱ǿġ
ľżȫҲҪ൱Ĵ۲ܹ׵۹
ʮԼͬرջˡ
ʮλսۿűͩɵͬ飬
ֻ
ǿĽһƿնɱһսۡ
˾Ǻηʥ
ÿֲɱ
ңҲӲһɣ
ǿʵ̫ǿˡ
ʮλսۣ鸴ӣеʧ䣬еη壬еĸ̾еľ壬е׷ɱ
˱ڶ࣬ǿ󣬼ѶԸּܹǳϡ٣½ҲҲ˧ɴ˺пܲ״½ǿߣĬĬšս۷
ѵ˵߲ɣĳλ۲²
ᣬ˵ǿҷѪ֮֮壬ߡս۷ϵ
šλսͬصͷӦǽֵĶ֣Ѫ֮֮嶼ֲ壬ǻƨ
ȻߣǾǱĴ½ģ¡սƲ
ţпܣսۻӦ

ѾԶ֪֮ͩΪĳ֣Լ֮ʵ׵۹ǿƲ⵽һ½͡
ؾľŸ½֮䣬еĺôг
꣬׵۹һͳ½ΪԴȵȿ½½˲С
˵걻׵۹״½ͳߣֻǺ˥Ǳ׵۹
Ȼ𣬵ȴûбɱв©֮㣬ôĻָ׻ʵȲ׵۹սۼĸֻܹóλġ
Ƶ׵۹ĳңԲֻ׻һ
ԣɱ״ۿƲ˼飬֮С
ûа취Ϊ׵۹ʵ̫ˡ
ߣ̼Ϊ
Ĵ½ǿߣô죿ĳλսۿ˾ľͷ
ô죬Ҳ׷ػʹڣǲܹһЩΡսʵ˵Ȼ˵еΣежεĸоò˵Ҳõķˡ
ʵ̫ǿƾǼ׷ˣô
û˲رЩսۡ

ڳսۣÿһһҪ֧ţˣԤǵļʵ˥ǿ϶ġ
вټ֮Уֻһλսۣһڴˣûսǿ֧ţȻᱻ̲ȻǰĳҲˡ
ΪֿǣʹЩսΣʱ򣬲ò
Ȼڻңڵ۹Ҳһ޶ȵģҪΣգһ̿ͷ֮£Ҳδֵ̫ˡ
׷ɣߵܹǸ̿͡ս۴ͷ׷ȥ
նӣսۿΧ£
ڶԸսǿ֮ʱЩսսٶ࣬Ҳﲻʲôæ
ǵã˵ڻ֮⣬ֻ©
ͩȻ˵һ޵׵۹ľڣԲֻһߡͬģʱϵԽãͩԽ
һ׵۹ķԸǿҲֻǱӡ
Ϊķ޾ģûʱսҲɱ׵۹ڰɣ
ϵĿֲ
ôͷͩҪɱҲɱ϶ꣿһꡢʮ껹һꣿ
ͩҪӳ׵۹Ĺ֮⣬ĻֻͩҪ׵۹ǿߵ׷ܹͩλķʽúõһ档


490  Ƶڶ
ͩڿУһȣ˼ѶƽȵطڿУٶҲ൱֮죡
ɱֳΪһɱȻ֮˵ͩһݣһʮƼˡ
зɱӳ֮£Чࡣ
ȱǱ·õ
֮ͩǰûд˱Ҫܵ÷һ
Ȼͩһϳ˵ĶֶʵҲȱݵģһмԡ
һݳһ֮󣬾ͻȻʩչڶݡ
սۼǿߣҪ׷Ҳһͻᱻ˦
Ͼսۼǿߣ׽ٶȼӵӽٵļ
ͩɱӳ֣ٶ׷˾
ңͩӵɱսǿߵĿֲʵڻҵľľͷҲòΪİΣǡ
ֳͩһУһڵĻʹڡ
ʵʯѾˣʹѾûˡ
ǣͩľˣǾǱ¶ԼȡĿꡣ
ӵҲʲôð취֡
һͩɴذӽ˿ռ佻ƽ̨ȥ

ʹһռ佻ƽ̨Զ׵۶ĻҸҲʧȥ˻ʹڵӰ
̫յϢŭʲôҲˣɶ񣬾ʲôԭûһ֪𣿡һ󳼽һࡣ
Ȼ̫Ҳ̫̣ϻǱ˼֡
Ϊ׷ٻʹλõ˸ĸ߲㣬ȫҳԱ
̫ӣԷܹǵ׷٣Ҫôǻʹڱ׷ӡˣҪôǽؾռ䡣һС磬Ȼ޷ʹڵȥ򡣡˸˵
Ϊ֣̫ʵ
ڶ֣Ϊʹƶ֮ͻȻġش
ˣ˵Ǹ̿ͻ᲻ĳؾռ֮У̫ѯʵ䣬Լ÷ǳпܣȻֱвӣΧߣɸȥʹʧٵĵصϸ鿴
ܿʹﵽľͷ
ľͷ൱ǰָһ㣬мƻʵʩָӡ
ӴİΧȦʼ漰ǧľӣ
Ҳ˵׵۹üĹ򣬾͵ǧΧͩ

һǧսֲɣ
֮Կֲ֮⣬ǵԼ
˵һЩս
Ϊս֮Ĭսȥûж͵ս롣
˵սȥģ󣬼쳣ʵϣ֮á
򣬿϶򣬱Ͼÿ˫ʧС
ǣûй𣬱Ͼ󳬼ûսڡ
˵ձݣûóá
սãô˵Ӵͺһ
Խɢʹá
˵һսɸ㶨ϰϰӵսĻϰλܺ;ͺһλսƽ
Ȼˣⷽļ̫ãֻ˵ѡ
һǧսҲ൱ֲġ
֮ͩһ֮Уˮ֮鿴˷ӿӴӣԼʮս
ǵ콢ȻȲļǵһսҲõ˲սĲкͨһЩȽ˳תΪԼļ

ͩսûжоҲ֪Щսô
ͩԲȥԶԿսΪòʧ
֮⣬ʮλսǿͷ͸Σˡ
ҪǱ˵Ķǿ߲סȻʮսǧս
ǿ治Ǻ顣
ͩûϷɱҪеĻͩԸӲЩӡ
ǣͩõķɱֻϵȷɼףʵ̫Զˡ
ߣɲǣҪΧңҲô׵¡ͩһ˵
ͩڽӵڲϢ֮ǰһˮ֮Զ֮⣬˰ΧȦ
Ϣ鱨ϵƣͩ˵൱Ҫġ
ͩڰΧ֮ڣΧȦʽṹܲ͸磬Ҫǿдȥǲܵġ
ԣֻȡһ;ˡ
ȡ
棬вͨǾֻеˡ
ؾ״ӡؾ֮ڵĿռʽṹҪǿöࡣҲ֧սۼǿߴˡ
Ҫ֪Ƿ棬ۼĴܶԽӵĻҲԶϵ壬ʹˣǴһҲֲĿռ

֮£ͩҪڵͨ뿪ǲʵģҾڵصҲᱻɨ輼֡
ֻеܹܹ֮ǵĶĿˡ
кݣ˼ġ
ʵϣͨ
ߴЧǲġ
ߵ̶ˡ
֮Ƕ֮һ̶֮󣬶ܹһ
֮ǴӱԴͨȻʲôͨϣȴǿöࡣ
ͩԵ֮Ȼ̫ͨϾҲѧ
ҾΧȦѹޣдҵʱ䡣
ͩʱš
ͩɴͶϰͨ
ͨԪͨرԴرԴһַת֮ȻʿҪںϣͷų
ν˺һҪʩչͨͱڵ
ͨˣó򲻵ټ򵥵ͨҲó
֮ͨҪʹͱ뽫
ڵǾ͸ˡ
ţͩĵͨˣȴûдﵽ
ֻҪϰˡ

ʱȥˣͩĵͨ٣ȻûдﵽӳΧȦǲġ
һΧˣ׵۹˰۹رʮսԳƵϺС
ǧսʮսǧսʣʮλսۣ
ݾԿֲ
սϵɨ״ǧ뾶ɴ
Ҳ˵֮ͩ·ĻȻᱻɨ״֡
֪ͩսǿԶԿǿߵģ˵ľƷս֮УһԷ˵ս
սԽ࣬Խ
սҪ̫Σֻܽǿһ룬Ťתս֡
֪ͩûսͩɲȥ̽
Էʵ̫۸ˣӴΧһˣȴڴӻҪš
ЩսǶľͲ֪Ѷʯ
ͩĵʩչ˵֮ڵصţûб仯سڶȥ
ֻҪ˹׵۹Ҫ׷ͩ޷ӴĴˡ
ͩΧ˲ԽԽˣϾҪˡ
ʱͩҲеţа룬ϣҪʲô⣬ϣսɨ輼ֲʩչ֮

ڣͩڵصԷĴһ̣ͩѾս׼˲䱬еս
Һãսɨ״ûзͩ
ͩʮ˳Է
ͩٶȲ˿ֻͨ·ٶڵ´С
һ֮󣬾ͳڰΧȦ֮⣬ɵӳ˰ΧȦ
ӳһ̣ͩгһһȷʵͩмֽŸС
׵۹ʵ̫޳ˣǧΧһ
Կ׵۹֮УսǿߵԳһż
޳Ҫ٣
ؽѣ͸һַ
Ҫ̫ߣѶȱս˵Ҫ˲֪ٱ
ʿֻҪɹһŽԴʯͿˣʵ̫Ǹɶˡ
илرɷϣȻɾͱսҪѰٱǳɹ֮ܳϵȨԪֱ澡ͷ
սԪԼͬʱһֱڳ˥ϣԪʱĩգ޻ΪУɱ̾
ͩԵ֮߳˽ʮȻûнУΪ֪ͩս״ΧܴԼԻᱻ֡

֮£ͩڵٶȡ
صߵٶȻȲڿзУҲܱ֮ǰͨ·һҪϺüʮɡ
һ֮ͩ˳Զ˵зһͩŴӵص˳
ӹһ١ģȻǧң̫ˡͩ²۵
ţͩʩչС仯һˣһװ磬ȻԦһͨ鱦ɴ߷ȥ
ͩõϢ׵۹ΪԼ׼ߣѾһǹϡ
ͩܵһϣֲʮλսۡ
ǷɢĹϣƺ㲻ʲô
ЩսۿɲһսˣĻи߽սۣЩǿǳ֮ϵһسֻһİ
ֻǶһһˣ̨ø˺ӵܡ
ȴΪͩԷΪŭˡ
׷һߡ
ЩǿߣεĶнսۼϵĴڣʵ֮ǿɡ
սۣҲǷΪ͡Сߡ۷ĸġ
е͡СΣͲȥˣҪǿǣȻսۣʵ༫
һλнսۣɶԸλϵĳսۡ

ۣǵĻҲࡣ
ҲǷΪ͡Сߡ۷壬ȻϸΪ߸
һͶΪͽۣļΪнס弶Ϊ߽ף߼Ϊ۷塣
۷ۺǰεۣ˲ֻһΡ
۷ɵ֮У൱ڶɹ˥Ĵڡ
ɶɹ˥Ӵ˥޽٣˰벽ɣ
벽ޣ˥ɣȫһεġ
߽Ҫ۷۷ǳѣʽۻҪʮ
۷ڵĵλǾվ˵ǿߡ
ΪһԪûµļԪ֣֮һԪļԪ֮޷档
ԲŻɽϻӳưľ档
ĵҲֻλ۷ۡ
Ϊ巽ѹȺ֧˳Ŀܡ
һҲλ۷۰ˣ
ԣ׵۹ǿ߷פأԵһߣΣյķߣ
˽ķУͩڳɹ˾֮һ߾ɽ


491  ؿ
׵۹ϵʮؿ֮һ
Ҫ뿪׵۹Ĺֻѡ񣬵һǴʮؿһǴžɽ
žɽݹϱ׵۹Զδ½
žɽķΧ󣬹а׵۹ô
ͬʱžɽԴ½֮գһֱһصɴ֮Уɽ֮
ɽżΪǿԽԽǿϣûܹӿзԽɽ
￪ʼ𣬹žɽǹ޺޵ϢءͬʱҲǴ½֮һ
׵۹Ի͵ʱڣҲ޷žɽΪһͳ½׵۹ǿʵݹϱĴɽʮɽӵ㣬ʮ۹أͨͨԶ½ͨұȹȺɧŹؿڡ
Ҳ֪׵۹ʲôֶΣʹЩؿܹһֱ
ͬʱʮؿڣԶ½еͳǰϾҪ׵۹ΪϹ
İ˴۹϶Ѳ֡
ԶŴ½ؾͷ·׵۹Լҵĺ԰һ㡣
Ҳǿ԰ӴԴʹ׵۹ܹ߾Ӵ½һǿλá
ǣҪ˵ʵʿ׵۹Щˡ

Զ½СǰޱȣҼΪ⣬׵۹ȻƿЩ̣ʵϣҲܹԳƷȡԶ½СԴ
˵ˣЩʹСǰ൱׵۹ĲƷء
ͩ뾳֮ʱҲǴһؿ뾳ġ
Ҫ׵۹Ĺؿսĸ붼Ҫˡֻսϵʿܹɳ׵۹
׵۹ӡ
еͼҪ߼Ϊ߼Ĺһ
ͩûѡ뾳ʱĹؿѡء
֮󣬾ΪҵľŹ
ƬоŸʮ߸ֳӪսݡ־Ѿʮĸꡣ
֮ƬһСսʮһսһսǧһս
ɷϣƬǿƣ¾׵۹Ĺܽ׵۹Ӱޣ޴̸
ֶǿߣƬĶǿ߻û׵۹ô࣬ʵҲȥ
ͩ˽⵽ľϣ׵۹ҲҪžŹս֮

ɽǳԣ׵۹ھŹһͷذ˻ȥ
ڲϣԭھŹλӵ۷սۣ
λ۷սۣùڵӪһλγƽ⣬۷ս۴ûгս֮ϡ
׵۹Ҫ־ŹʱڳϣŹҲ׵۹Ķ֡
ü֮£˵ơ
λ۷սϣϾŹͬǿʵ׵۹ʧأһľľͷλǴս֮С
ǿ׵۹Ҳֻ۷սѡ
в۹ͳεΣʱ̣Щ۷սǲֵġǶԾŹжҲû۷ս۲롣
Źȴ۷սۡ
׵۹ܲŽйˡ
ֻͩҪأŹô׵۹׷Ҫ׷ѶȾ͸Ӵˡ
Ź֮ڵʿ׵۹ʿ൱ų⣬ͩ˵Ϊ
ͩ˿վɽ嶥ˣԶأһ˼ģ
ͩʹõϢ֮Уһλ߽ս
ԣнսۣǸ߽սۡ
Ȼ׵۹ҲɵǷͩпܴس㲻ᣬҲصؿһλ߽ս

нսۣͩƾװϵƣǿռϷ磬Ը߽սۣͩҪӦõǰӦõļ޲ܹ֮࿹⡣
ǣҪˣĿֲġ
ͩıԴɱ췽ֻеȼɱĻǿԽͩĳս50
ûйϵͩĻ̫ۺˣͨۻԽ췽100ĳսͩϣֻ50
50͸֧֮¡
ͩʮһλսΧ£ǿǵķ
һοֱɱһλԪĳսۡ
һ¶ɡ
Ǵν֮һѡ
֮һ
ǻӳһ̫ˡ
ͩһϼıԴɱôͩͿԾͷɱԪս۵һתɳ
Ǹʱͩݺ޵У
ڵͩڹԼȫ£ûпսʤ߽սۡ
ϾͩԸ߽ѹƵʵ޷ʱѾ֪ͬһ𣬲ͬεʵҲġ

ͩǵʱ䲢ˣΪڶߵΧ˹Ѿʧܣ׵۹ڵضǿʮؿ
ͩЩǿ߻֮ǰƹؿӳ׵۹Ĺ֮⡣
ͩΣյʱʧܣʹͩܿҪһʱ׷ɱˡ
ڴԽžɽǾ͸Ӳˡ
ҲգǸǻǻ㲻ɴһ㡣ͩ¶˾ģһμװ걸ͬʱҲ׼ûָĶҩ̫񵤡
ֶĵҩڿռƽ̨֮У׼ͩǰƾҲŪĵҩרʹõؼҩ
һľżҲûƼ
ͩǿռ佻ƽ̨еõš
ŵҩÿһſԻָͩһķ
ͩսһ
ֵҩΪǿڹؼʱıͩҲá
Ϊռ佻ƽ̨ϣҲûжˡ
ԣͩǵôҪصع滮
ǰΧˣͩûʹǣ࿹ûС
ΪʲôʵͩǺǣ̵ȴʱ

췽֮еĴͩſˣȻ´ɵۼ
췽ֻܹ洢൱ͩзһ롣
ûа취ϾֻеɱеɱʵǸλʹõġ
ϵɱλĻ䱸
ͩ˱Դɱ֮⣬ĶλĻ䱸
Ҵﵽλܹ֮ͩطӳϵɱ
ʵִһ
ͩ׼֮󣬾ͳسˡ
ͩȻɵޱȸߵǿأܹȥ˳ػأȻͲҪɱɱˡ
ͩԼΪѹƵսʿǿߣܹõءͬʱҲͻ̫עĿ
һս۴ҡڵؽǲ䶯ҲעĿ
ͩأռزСԭＫΪ٣߾÷ǳ󣬵ضʼϣؼԽԽϸʹһǧɡ
ķٴС
׵۹ҲͬʧСϾһδģطߣʧĿɲһضѡ

ҪأҪóϸ֤֤ͨ
ͩȵĲȻȡЧ
Ūص֤Ȼͨūǰһ͵ͩߡ
ͩڴ֮ǰͣǴСɽ׼ڵȴ֤͵
ܿ죬صļֵͩˡ
ľȻһλ߽սʣΧʿûһͼսġԼ׵۹ӳ̶жˡ
ͩԴҲ˼־֮ġ
ó֤֤ͨòһˡ߽սԸӵĿ⿴ͩ˵
ͩװηӣó֤
˼顣
֤ʾһеŵĳϣΪϷҲȷʵϡ
ص֤Ҳ֤ϵĽܡ
߽սʲûϷͩأҲǱʶ֣ǾͩЩɣüͷʵ벻¾ȻǸŵĳϣ̫ϳЩ飬ԹҲЩ˽⣬ôû˵£

ͩˣһԼҲ̫ˣȻһˡ
ȻƣͩҲûоʧ룬ϾԣΪС¶ҡֻɵػش˵Цˣ̫ϳʲôᵽС
ңͩҲȷʵ޿֣ǿ׼ж׼
ˣץסλս˲䷴Ӧ˹Ȼжˡ
ͩʱ᲻ףԼѾ¶ˣ
ϸһ룬ԼƺûĵɵİղŵĻشҲйоصģôͱʶأ
ʵ֪ͩǣû̫ϳϣɵǿ߾
ǧǱһǣͩҲ벻ԼȻһϣٷѵʱȥ˽ŵϸϣҲ鷳ˡ
ͩҲĺݣһ£ѾصūʼƻֲϮ
ؿڲһʱ֮䣬ڷըɱˡܡٵȵƻ¼
һӴؿڲ
ڴͬʱвɢ͵͵ںˣʹùؿڲԽԽҡ
ͩݱʶƵһ˲䣬ӦҲһڣڳУɷ˵λ߽սʱһ

ȻһͩûмֻһʽͨĿ콣ѡ
ҪˣͩʲôΪʲôΪ
ԣǼΪƽһҲ㹻һնɱһ߽սˡ
ؿ˲
ؿķƴʩҲǿķӴӡ
ؿһ˵ĳڿʼرա
ֿʼƼ
ǣղ£ҲҽҴңⲻãҺãҺáףˡͩڸɵǸ¶Լݵս֮һ֣˲仯Ϊһųڹرʱķ϶ϵس˳
ͩġһݡŶٶȲǾġȴڶж֮ɫġ
һнơӡ硣
ͩ˲䴩Խؿڹؿڹر֮ǰ˳
ͩĽûͣڳ֮󣬶Զ
ˣؿķôɣλ߽սأͩʵ
·ڻӦͩһ㡣
һصľ޴ǰԶһӴѹɢ
һߴӰڹ֣֮һףֳһѪɫն


492  ȫԸ
·Уôһ֪𣿡ʧˣսͬһ󺺣ֽǱѪɫնڼϣ˵
ǣ벻㾹Ȼң⵹ñⰡͩɫ˵
Ȼϣ֪ô򵥾ʹءս֮⡣
ҽ䣬˵ĻۿԸһȫʬɤż˵
ǺǣĻƾ㣬Ҳ±𣿡ͩЦһ˵Ȼ˵Ưʵϣͩȴĸ߽սۼΪӡ
Ҫ֪ͩǵһִɱսǿߡ
ûдͩȻսϵնһеɱϵףȴɱӦò
ϲĻԪ֮ı֣ȫΧǷ»мӳֵá
𣿼Ȼˣȥɣսһ˲Խ֮ľ룬ͩǰȻһն¡
ͩһƵľٽһ
ཻ
һǿͩ˳ȥ
ǿͩ˾תȻסжǿˡ

ͩΪȻˣǾתתأȲһͨսۡ
ԣͩǿרĸ߽սǰɶǡ
ս۵Ʋˣһ׷˱ɵͩһն¡
µĵܱеĿѹ˳ȥγ˶ݵաǾؾʱʵ̫ˣһѾƿ˿ռ䡣
ͩʹӵоתҲȥӲһϵȷɼ׻Ҳһġ
ͩ͵ͣ˵ɵ壬̬֮Ѻӭȥ

ͩԱ֮ǰٶһα˳ȥ
ұ۸ǲԾزš
ÿµ
ͩĸоͬһѹս۸ֵʵ
žն
սۺ׷ʩչĳ
ս˲նŵ
ŵ޴ĵڿۣͩն¡
ŵ򵥡
ͩУŵÿһ仯ŵ֮£ͩеĶܿռмܿܡ
Ҳ˵ͩ޷ŵı仯Ͳܽŵȫм
ͩ˫۽ŵ⣬ӿʼضһһط
ͩϮ̻ͩӽȥмܡ
ǰĵⱻͩȫصʣµ嵶û취ˡ
ͩĽ죬޷˲ƽŵб仯Ϊÿһı仯ͬ

ͩķɼ˲֧һ֡
ƾ־͵⣬ʣµƿ֣ɼױ塣
ɼΪͩ˾ųɵʣµһͩڡ
תһƻʣµȻͩһЩˡ
ǿķսףȻͬһ㣬ݱ֪״½òôݳ޵һװ㾿Ǻˣս۴ȵ
սһ˵һ߼ʩչžնһ㴭ϢĻҲͩ¡
ͩǱޱȣ޻֮·һ̾ͻ䡣
ʵϣͩȻǱȴȫûϵΣա
ͩ̽Ŷֵʵֿ϶ûȫ
˵Ļʹߣս۵ĵӵøӿˡ
ͩĬ
ս߳ŭŭȵն
ϸĵ⣬նĴôù졣
ʵϣҲˡ
⣬ͩһ͸־Ȼһⶼ
ǽʵʵشͩϡ
ͩʱڵأˤһδӡ

氲ֻʣµҳ죬һƬǽ塣
ֶֻˣȻˣˡͩӵ´˳
ط˳
սͫһмš
ղɱУͬǿУзս׻Ҳˡ
ڣԷȻһҲûУ̫ˡ
ͩȻһ˶ûУֻǷһ˵ҩƺ˴롣мƣϿ
ʿκƶȷֳ
ֻǣȥˣ߽ս۵ʵȻǴġ
ͩҲʶ߽ս۵ʵղŵնûϵȷɼ׻ͩת壬ҲᱻƵ
ȻѾˣҲʱ򷴻ˡ
ȥҲǰ취һ׵۹ǱߵĸָϵͩҲΣˡ
սЦˣӴѹͷ˳ڵΪҵȫʵ𣿹
ն
ͬһУ֮ǰ
Ǹ߽ս۵ʵͩһУϵȷɼ׻ͩҲᱻϣ

̼ͩ
ɱѣһĽԼһֲɱ⣬
Ľ⣬ͽѾٽն顣
һ̣֮ǰǿ˺ֹǧٱ
⣬ⲻܣսȻȣӦȴ졣
еĴںΪһ
նսѹ׵ĵˣҲһŵơ
ͩʶҪʩչֻؽǾؾ֮УʱսֻؽﻹȲǰ
ͩϵط˳ԣſ˾ˮµ
ͩɲɵԷһƴľУͩɲɵȥӲ
ͩǿҲǳսۣƾһװҲܹ͸߽սһսⲻͩӸ߽սƴľС
һ߽սҪƴͬ׸Ҳݱܷâ˵ͩսۡ
ֻͩǹǿ󣬷ֻһ㡣
ôսʧȥ˻ӵֱĿꡣ
ͩɱϵȼɱܹ֮ͩȫ
ˮ¾ȫ֮Уͩߡ
Ǹ߽սҲʧȥͩټ

ɱھؾϡ٣ֻܷëݣҼҲߡ
Ǹ߽սҲֻ˵ûʶ
սĿش߶ŵһһĿĵҿţϣܹƿ
ǣϣõģʵǲпġ
ڣս仰˼ˡǰǣҪ˵仰
ɱô׾ͱˣҲᱻǿ׷ᱻ֮ǿзˡ
Գ磬ֲ硣
ԣھؾ֮ҲãֻЧһۿۡ
ⲻҪ
ɱֻǸս֮ãܹƽԼʵࡣ
ͩȴᡣ
ɱƴһжǿ
սۺȻоһɼΣյϢϢ޷ֱ
ϢѾսۻëֱѹֵ񱩡
ΣյϢתǰĿֲס
ж꣬ѻֱǰҲֹΣܳ
һ̣ս۷ȫ侲ڵ״ҳȥͬʱҲʼƣ׼ط

ٽͩƿصļޣȻһӳ
ͩ˽ӳͬʱˮµҲ˻
սֻǰһ壬ķʶǿͩӽͬʱҲ˻Ӧط
ԹԹ
ǿϧֻʶϷӦ˹嶯ûüϡ
һ׼ȷػüġ
գ֮ĺ״͸˿ط˳ȥ
ɵǣս۵صķ
һɳʮɢ
Ϊһ۹۹أûǿķ
ڽϮ˲䣬صķѾԶˡ
һִֺ֣֮һ֧š
˵ǣӦʮλϵĸ߽ս۵ȫһ
ǿķԴԴ֮
ɲ˵ġ
ؿԹᴩžɽ޵в֮£
ǣµ鷢ˡ
֮£֣һֵֻϢƵˡ
ڶʮϢڼصɣǱնˡ
һ֣ҲǿһǰֵĻ壬㹻ʱ䣬ʣ߳ɵ
ѾΪʵʡ

ԭѾҵأڸӻңһϮ̫ͻƣͬʱҲ̫¡
ڴͬʱػطڵǧսǿߣذԼ
ֻ뽣⿹
һĻعصĴ󽫣һǿҲ޸ĸƼкľ֮ʱ֧֣ټǧս֧֡ϵԽãԷ˵Խ
ϧ󽫻ǵ͹һĿ¡
ɱǺεȾ˫
ͩãȫһСӣ
ûдƾͩȫһǲƿصķ
ټɱһһɾ;Դڶ
ѾһһˣǼʽˡ
һ룬ͩһ۳糤̵Ľ⣬̺˺εȾ˵
ʮϢҲȷʵʼ
ص֣Ҳͬù
Ϊʵʵķ֮ϳԵѺۣѺڲ
еؽ쿴һĻɫס
ˣڵ㴦սȫʼѪˣҪ֧ŲסˡѶʿػ㱨
ˣǱǶȥæλ۷սʼعش󽫶˵תҪĽڵȥˡ

Ǹշɵһ·;ڳܲסͻȻˡ
һʣµļ͸һĽ⣬ȴֱġ
䡪
һҫ۵Ĺâ˲ӣпâ˶ɣҽ
عش󽫴һսʼĸǿߣͬâɡ
ǵʵǿԶһЩȫֵһҲֻüޱȵĽܿҲͬΪɻҡ
󷨵нڵ㣬ͬʱըǵصʣҲŷ߱
޾Ļ٣رը졣

Զڰ֮⣬ս۱һԣòˡ
һ߽սۣҵˡ
һһ֣֮Ҫǣھؾսλ߽սöôԩͲֵ
߽սۣؾҲ㹻ʵ¡
ۣͨҲܹӦ
ôĶҲͩ
طϸһ˼ʱһС
ٺ٣ǻá̫ùˣܹҡͩҡҡͷ̾
ͬʱͩʧҲСֵļūҲһ档


493  
ͩɱȻͺźһ㣬ǿʵ
ͬģͩշ硣
֮ǰһնɱս֮ȻδֻԵɺϵؽضٵˡ
ٽȻΪѧһ߽۶㲻
콣ǲôҲκε˸߽սۣƫƫɵǣͩƿɱڴ˽֮£ֱ޼᲻ߡ
նɱսֻҪҪǾһɱ
ͩչһΪһ⳯Źȥ
һ·ϣ衣
׵۹һӵϢȵǿ߸ϵʱ򣬿ѾΪһأһĪ
ھ﷢˵ʬ塣һλսʼĽ㱨
˿̾ۼǿнʮ֮࣬սֻΪ֮á
ʲôλս۽Ծ
Ҷһۣ˵ȥֳ
һսֳ鿴ӡľսӢʬȻˣȻ֣Ǵﵽ˳ʱ䲻ľ硣
ǰǿȺ͡
һɾ䡣
ȻǼɱ
˵ȲҲ
˵ĽҲǼߣǵõ־Ǳһն벻Ҳͬ佣¡ʵ·۷ս۲Ҳ
ʵǿԲܾսһͩ˵
Σ˵Ķ֮ҲǼΪҵͬԱȼ硣ܣ˭ס̾˷
ʵҶԴ֪Ҫ׽ôֻ̿ͣȥһս۵ȥ
ڳλսۣվĶ壬һУ˭ԸȥĶֵķ

ڳλڳĬһ֮ɾľͷ֮һĽսۿ˵̿Ѿӳ۹ҵ׷ȥͽһϢ㱨棬ɡǳ۷սۼǿߣʱ˵ɡ
٣Ҷ϶Ǵ̿ͱȻŹޱȣȻ۹ԶȴΪ⣬ĿޡҪ׷սµȥùҵǰȥȥ˶ֻŹķ۷սۼǿ߳ͬҲ𲻵áһλֱڿսߵ
˵ڳ˶òͬʵǿֻĶǿߣһ۹ҲЧطơ
˳ˣĬûȥ׷ͩټ
ϢҲ׵۶Ļʹ֮С
̫Ӵȵİһİһƴ룬ŭɶѵ׵۹һ֮Ҳκβһ̿𣿡
ȺԴ˱ʾĬҺҽӿڡ
ҪƨˣҲʱ򿪿ڡ
һ̫ÿڵĳλ׷֮£ˣ
ޱĬؾڲ׷֮¡
ĸ׷̿ͣսĸ߽ս۶ˡ
Ҫ֪߽ս׵۹֮еĵλǷǳߵģ׵۹߽սֻλѣ
׷̿;һ߽սۣ׵۹˵һ޴ʧ
սǿߣǳ֧ٳֻһλսҪ⣬
Ϊ룬ҲûĸԸȥ׷ǸµĴ̿͡
̿ûӰ쵽棬αغΣշƴأ

ʵϣô򵥣һУӲ֡
ͩ׵۹𺦼նɱ˰״ڵλսۣʧ׵۹ޱȾ޴ġ
ֻ档
ޱȵػͽʵ
ǶȣͩһΪֱӻ֧ʹ˳̨ڳľ޴棬ʣµĳǼȵߡ
ֻлҵһλս۵䣬
Щȵߣͩ̿ϲ־塣
Ѿͩˣһ˵ԸȥһǿߡΣҵ档
ȻͩԵĲǣǻҡ
ЩڻȨڣɷϣʵڻҡ˴֮仹Щìܴڵġ
νʿȨȨ֮ìܡ
۹ƶȵӾˡ
ʿΪ棬еʱֱӻҵ档
񵱽ľŴ󳬼ƶϾֱȡһĻҴڡ
ɼ󳬼ܡ
£ҵĵλƽȣѾȺ滥󶨡Ϊ󳬼ҲòŬʵ
滹һҴڣô󳬼Ҳˡ
ͩѾ˾Ź򣬲Ѿµĺ֣ʼ
꣬ͩӰھŹڵ򣬵ϢͩȴѾʧ١
׵۹Ȼ˴ȻҲͩټ
ͩĴͨߣĻĺҵرѾ׵۹ĹҸͷ¡

ν󺣣Īڴˡ
ʱգ֮͹ʮꡣ
׵۹һɱҰҲճΪ׵۹ǿ̣ҲȻҲ̿͵ټ
ΪʱͩѾɹС仯˿
һλսʼĿߡ
ͩԶ׵۹֮һСǰţһլӣסڣʼ˥ٵطҸ䡷
ż崫֮ڵʱط
ǲҪչأͬʱط˹뱾գԪΪʱոѹɡܹԸ֮
Ըֶڵʱʧʱû˵
崫֮Уͩ½ܵĴ֮е֪֮γǰһЩϵʽЩеͬǿóѼԪݺԪ
ȫһһʧ֮һһ㼣
ԸָǴӹŷ
ԸΪѼԪ
֮ʱڣ֮ǿߣõ˹ŷһ㴫У·ѧʽ֮Ϊ֮һɡҸ䡷֮Уʥ˹ŷԸ֮ЧطѹɡⱾںϺͷ
ͩȥҸ䣬ʱ
Ըﵽ򣬼طʱ䡣


494  Բξ
Ըָһ˿Ը֮
˿ԸȫƾԸ˸޷ᡣ
Ը඼ǿռ֮ҲһԸ
ģ˵ףм˼ݵȵȣԸ
ͩҪռԸѵĵȻ֮Ҫڽ̵ķʽȥʱմȾȴԸ֮ȶһ֡
һ㶼޳Ըʿѡġ
ʵҲǿͨԸ޳ֵģֻǵ֮˵֪֮ˡ
ˣͩȻѡֱ
ͩҪԸֻʱģҪҲֲ̫Ҫϡ
ԣͩѡ˸ж֮
ǣڳǰ֮УͩȥһС̣ȡΪԲξӡͬʱԵηֳһΪ곤СԺ֮бչǱޡ
ͩķ⵽һЩ̣˴õĿҩԼһЩеͼĹ׷ڵ֮ΪƷ
ԲξӣϢĿˡ
ΪͩչĽս£ؼϵײʿƷҲϲʿע⡣
ܿ죬ԲξӾϢĿҵˡ
ֻΪŵƫƧֹŹ֣󣬿ҵ֮ʱҲûرϵڵĵطڽӽƶĵشǾ͸ʽˣԼûһ˹١
ͩҲżΪͩĲ׬Ǯĵ̣ԸϹԲξӡ
ͩķڵ̨֮ʼ򡶱Ҹ䡷붨״̬

ǣƶһͨ˼ҵĺӣԭһʥʿϧɱʱˡ
ֻǺĸס
ǵĸףҲһߣֻռΪ˸ǳһѰҩĹܵشǿ֮ԴƼء
ĻˣҲֹֻƼ񻯡
ȥɡ
Ϊ˴½֣ƾʮĺӣؼΪǶҳֻڳ㹤׬Ǯ𰺹ҩ
ۿĸһһҪˣǳ˾ġ
һ죬ɺϵ·Բξӣ˵棬ʹ̤˽ȥ
ʵԼҪͩӳҶϵ鷨ġ
û̫ãֻǽĻҰԸ·
ͩڵſڼӳһ룬κϵʿ̤
սսǿߣûͩԸҲͬġ
߽˵̣ŷֵ֮еڷѵһı
ţЩ˵ģʵЩԴʥϵʿûˡʥµʿ˵ѵһ
СֵܣҪʲôͩʱݵƹ񣬿ʵ
ԣԲҲ֪ôͽˡ˼ˡЩηصǸתҪ뿪
СֵܣܽԵ֡ͩڵ
ţǿɲǱϾ˼ҵĺ統ңȻһЩ
ҵҵԲξӣκܹԵ֮ˣڱ֮ȡһҽһǱ꿪ĵһˣҿȡͩЦ˵
ʲôһţļٵİ

ͩЦЦ˵ûҲû˵ڵչʾȡ
ԷûпЦҲһСӿЦǷ·Ҹû˵֮УκһǱ
չʾ̨ϣڷټƷű˿
йϡҩоʯȵȷ棬ӦоС
ʵ˵ͩòô鷳ȥƷ
ΪͩĿռ佻ƽ̨֮УЩͼĶвٵġ
ֻǾؾʱջ֮£زˡ
ЩزĵȼߣͩеԴڷڹ̨ϣһ׶ױֻױڴһױ֮Уûܹ©ˡ
ȥɣֻҪһŸжģܴӹ̨ȡ±ͩѵ
ǿĿıЩжѵõıۻtҡ
˺һǲŷӦ˼ѡ
ܿ죬ǵһһܹ˵ҩҩѰãΪĸ֮õģȴ벻￴ˡ
ڵ˵Ӿһת˳ϣõҩһ̣ǵĶԲξӡ̨ƾԼϰ˸м͸ж֮顣
޴ת䣬Цúϲ£죬ͬʱҲЩ㱡
Զͬ˵־ڶʱת½һ԰׵ĿԼһűԼĹʮĹ
ƹģѡˣЩѸ𣿡˵

Ȼֻжøж˲ܴӹ̨ȡ±Щϣ롣ϣܹ߳롣Բξӵּͩ˵һҪ㣬̤֮ԲξӵԵ־ѾˣպҲ޷ٽţϣΪ֮
ллķǳлǹ֣صؿͷű뿪
ǳԲξӣתͷһҶвһм
Ȼɿܻ˼ҡ
ƶһʯݣǿĵس˷ţع˴ţеĸףһˣоˣоˡ
ݣ϶һ긾ŮɫΪѿ¶ãǳֲ
ȿȿȡǣ˵ʲôϵĸֲʵ
ݣκƣܿȬˡǿĵؽе
ĸҩɫ䣬ҩҩֵҲļܹͥģҪɼǸΣءֺαԴأ
ôģĸѹżʵѵ͵ģⲻܣԶӵΪҲ͵õı
ġǰԼڽ˵һ顣
ĸҲһͷˮôĵطԭһǷһЩʳͨ棬Ȼ̴󣬵ֵǮ
ô￪һֵı󣿶һͱôõ
ûдӦ˼ʲôʵĸף˵ѡĸǲţԵ޹ʵڱ
ĸףû˵ˣ˵ˣˣòô౦ǳϿޱȵػش



495  ײʿĸ
һ֤֮ĸеڱĺ£жԲξҲ˸м͸ж֮顣
ͩıͨҸɵյ˿жԸ
ͩռԸȻȲýڽ̣ռ֮ó־ú㣬ϾжԸʱЧԵģһﲻһÿʱÿ̶ڽͽһԴԴϵԸ
ǣͩռʽȴûκκ֮Ǻ
ͩԲξӣʵҲ⣬ʩȡԸƽԸϹ˫Ǯ򣬻಻Ƿ
ͩԲξӵڡ
ֻͩʱҪԸǿԸһ;ҲԸͩռԸķԿ֮
ռʽʩˣ߿Եõһ˵ĸжǿɾǶջˡ
ͩġҸ䡷ǿط֮
ͩԼҲоٶһ仯ԣϾֻжԸѡûйϵʱƣֻҪԲ԰ɢôԸȻԴԴϵӿ
ͩʱһҸ䡷ٶȱȻԭҪǧ꣬ʱɵطֻҪܹ㶨
ʥйȻǱѰڡࡷϣͩûзšȻԽԸǿٶȣѶȡ
۽һУʥڵĲȻҪߵö࣬ͬնΪ֮ʥǶˡ
ʱʥѾΪ˾졣

˵һ˹٣Ȼеڶĸ
ȻԵ֮£ÿһײʿнֻһΣȻǺѣϼҴײԵ
һȥͩԲξõòˡ
Ҳѹ֣Ͼ͵Ķ˭Ҫ
ܹ˶ż֮
ò˵ǿʳײʿڱѹȵĽ׼ǵԺòȥ
ȵͩķ½
СǣְܣҲֵе÷ǳ档
ЩԱĲΣѾҪѹȵײƽŴ½ԼÿҵɷΪƾ˸ҶŸɡ
̰۵ĳɱ̫ߣĸнˮָߡԣܵ˵ֱϽ֮µĴ½գرûоѵǲ֣÷ǳƽȵġ
߲ɷЩͨա
Ϊʲô
ΪҪǲͣطܺӴķΪš
˵ĸԪĳѾֵʶͨĸڡ
½ߣСǰսݣΪԴΪΪ˸档
ǿû̫ĿϸɷûƶȻѭνġΡ£ײյһˡ
ƫƫײմ󲿷ѣ裬ѹեһļֹͥǧǧ
ԣֱͩõûߡ
ͩԸҲԽԽǿٶҲԽԽ죬²ֱ
ͩ԰ٶּƵԴʡ
ײʿӭʷǰĸͩĸм֮͸ж֮һʱ֮ࡣ
һԴֱӵ˵ײ˴䣬ʹǰһĲۡ
ͬҲһЩ˵Ŀӡ

ڣһ죬һ񼶵ʮʥ򼶵Բξǰ
¹ȥˣԲξҲѾ˳ڶһԴ˳ع塣
ȻǱһ
вٷѽ׼ĵͽʿҪ̺ôǽȻԶŶȥ
棬ͩ԰̵һ߼֣ڸϢԼЧ
Ҳ֮£ʿ޷Ķ
ȥһͨĵ̣ʵǬ
Բξӣߣʱȥƣĸǿ˵
ԷûͻðȻǰȥǲЩ׵һʦ꿪ʵ
ǰԷϲԴˣֲǵ¡һλʥʿӿڵʵϣЩͼԴ˵á
һ룬˶ױЩҲò츣һȻôױˣβ͸ǣ
ǣԲξ̫ˣ˼Ҹôױ䱳ʵԲǱܹİľʦ˵
ţ˵úеһζֵĲǣ档ҡҡͷָָϣ˵
ԭʦˣ׹ף̫ˣɴܣ갡Ҫ뷨˵ǻǸжԶǶԶΪ
ǱﱾӣҸûӵݣԡ
ӵıˡ
һԲξӣҪţȴһ㿴ĤסˣҲ粻ȥ

ף벻˵ģνԵ֮ˣ̤šȵ
˶һ£һⶼ̤ȥ
ô죿һλʥʵ
ӦǿɹƭŶˣǻƨ
ߣȻǴȥˡɷ˵ȭһ˳ȥ
䡪һ޴죬λ˵ɰףҽһ֮У
Щʥ򼶱ı߲㣬ŵ˹ȥ˸ӷ֮˳ŵʵû°ɣ
һŭḻԵΪ
ջûзԲξӱȭһ±֮ǰġ
ȥ߰ɣҵԲξֻдԵ֮ˣˡ㡣ͩ˳
ºôļӰҪ֪ǳ˵ĵ̣ҼֻҪˣ޶⡣ƽؽ͵
ˣԾڴˣǸϽ߰ɣҪƽˡͩ
ɫ仯ΪѿȻﲻ֪ء
ɶ񣬴˺ÿĿ涼ŲҪҪҽеˡһԱĵĺִ˵
ջƨҪ˵ǳаôͿأλ֪أһ˼ĶˣԼЩ˿϶ˡ


496  ͷVS
ͩûЩСɫҲѵȥСɫ
ıƶԶͨסլڣǧԸǿ
ͩڵͷ·һ㣬ƽСĻ򣬶Ըļͺľһѻ
ֻҪԸϣôͩͿһֱٶȡ
Ϊ÷̨Ķǰֵܽģʱ䲢̫Ҳ̡
Ǿ÷̨ǰܹ֮пһǰ´˵Զ룬ҲڤǱߵƫԶĴ½ԵҪٵö࣬ҾҲöࡣ
ҹ֮С
÷ֵ̨ܶš
ܣǷ˾ĻͷȥԲξӵ鷳÷һʵ
ôأֻȥ磬˭뵽ôӡ򹷻ÿˣʵ̫ˡ̨
ʲôͷ˾ǱߵϢǼӦþλԲξƹðģһҲֵģҪôǱʲôҪôһжʹġܣƫ̨֣˼侲ϾһۣѸٻָ侲Ǳʡ
ֶҪҪǴ˿ԲξӾкĿģҿôĺô÷һֱΪɻ󲻽⣬Ҳûн
磬˵ЩǲҪͼıǣ̨ʵ
ЦôܣȲ˵ֵܵʵκһλսֳҲ׵ذЩͽ׼ȥƾЩͼļһﻹܿǵķɣ÷Ҳš
ȻˣĿĺڣֵ̨ͬʵ

ǰֳôһĿʲôأ
ͩظڶͲʿԴ͹ôģҲӦиʲôĿİɣ
ڣ˭ûпǷԲξӵڣ
ˣ
˵Цˣϻк˴
÷̨ǰСûһͩ£¡
ʵϣͩеȷʵ£Ŀĵ£Ҳ
磬˴ֱʣȻĿڣֻǲ֪ѡ仰ʵѾܽӽʵˡ
ţ£͸÷ҡͷ̾
磬ǵĵ̣ǲԴȥø˵Ŀĵغڡ̨˵һ磬ȥ̯ƣֻģȻӭֵܶ˲ҵģǾǲ֮𣡡
ţԣ÷ãڻǵͷˡ
ڶһ磬̨ȻżλսƶԲξӡ
Ѳ˾˷˸
Բ֮ڣ峡ˡ
÷̨Ǹݷõѣ֪Ƿһأ̨ݷõ
ͩ˼ҵͷ߶ˣҲòϾﻹ˼ҵĵ
ɴ˰̣߳˵ţ˵ԭ٣԰룬룡
롣̨٣ڵ̨֪
һ˵Ŀߡͩػش

̨ˣﲻɵһ˵ĿߣûôߵĹߡ
̤˵̨֮ǾͿ̨ϵһԴͱ
̨ĳðąֺ̃һ˵
̨Ϊ˼ңˡͩαߡ
̨ĳֵֻ̨ĳһ²ֲߴͽ̡̨Ҳûٷϻֱ
ˣ֪ĳʲôɰæġͩɻʵ
̨ĳҪִ֪˷ԲξӣֻܲҪ츣հɣ̨⵹һҲûڡ
ͩЦЦ˵ѵǫ̂Ϊأ
̨ҡҡͷҲţûеڱĺ£һñһʧ겻ǲΪ棬ûֺαؿꣿ̨ͩԡ
ͩĺԩ£ˣ츣գ
Ȼ˲ţµĲţǵǻ²ţ߼̫ǿˡ
ĳûбҪ˵ѣĳֻ·˵أ츣ƶѡͩڳʵ˵
̨ؿͩҡҡͷҲţֿԸʵ
٣츣ƶҪʲôʵݣⲻŵ𣿡ͩҲЩˡ
Ȼˣǵһ̨ĳʤˣ־ʵ棬ӮˣŤͷߣ츣ƶĺ¡̨ͩ졣ǾֻˣܲھΪС¶ɣ
ãĳҲֽ̨һͩɴӦ

˳˵棬һ˸߿գʮ׵ĸ߿գϵһжüΪС÷̨Ǻһֻһ
ȻֻǷ˵ӽǣͩڵͷ̨֧ǵһжС
˿÷̨Ѿ˷±˵ս
̨ͩڵ̨ɣ
ɣǿ̨
ãСͩҲƴƴȥ
֮£աͩ嵽̨ǰһƵȭ
ֻǟ׵ԭҲΪǿˡ
ͩĽȲñǿ󣬵ҲܹȾתǿ󾳽硣
̨·һվΪۻǡ
ͩһȭƲСͬʱȭ֮Уɱ
̨ͩײվԭ
һǫ̃̄ؿڡ
ȭڡ
̨Ҳõ˼ףͻ
һŷӦ˹̾벻ֵȭ֮ǿ
У̨ĳĿ֣
̨һǿޱȡһ˫޴ƣͩ˹֮䣬һǰƣǰһǳ·ҲҪ
֮ɿǣѹֽп֡
ͩҲʩչתӲһ֡
ˡƵĽײͩ˿ȴͷۻ
һֲҪĸоȻͩǷ֮ΪȻȲñ𣬷Ҳһֱĸоˡ
ǿĿֳ̨֣Ʒͩ̾Ʒ


497  ʤ
̨սⰺȻҿֵڶʽժʽ
ֻ̨ϣ΢΢̧״
Ʊ任һ޴Ӱͩ¡
̨һʽǽ˿ǳժǡ
ժ
޴ӰͩΧ£Ĵָʳָָָǳسͩѹ˹
ͩܵĿռ䶼һε
ͩһ۾Ϳһʽ֣֮ǰһʽͩ治ȥӲ
֮ǰһоͲͩĽһʽö룬ҪȥӲĻ߷϶군
ͩ˫ȭգۣڳһȭĻȭ̬
תȭ
һȭ

ȭ·Хһĳ˲ɢǵεͬ޴ָҲɢ
ȭڳЩϰ֮գۼ̨ǰ
̨ͫײһ˫ʽؽǰ˻
תȭȭ֮£á
ǫ̃̄ǡ
̨˫ֽǰƣ˲ֹر˳ȥ
תȭ
ͩô֮µĳɹ֮һ
תȭǽתȭȭȻټͷųȥ
ͩĶתȭܹһȭһֻսʼݹޡ
ȻǱʼټеɱȭס
ڣͩ߷ֻһжȲñ𣬶ҳֿȭȻԶ籾
תȭȴǱȶתȭҪǿ
ʹͩһȭƵԷ֮£µȭָˡ

̨òײֹסΣһһס
߲һѪͬʱҲµڵĴȭ
̨һѪѾûдˡ
ǣȴһ󾪺ǿȭµ
ͩͣûм׷Ͼֻд裬֮
̨˹ȭһ񣬿ڵʵǿ̨ĳԶԶ磬αԵΪֹɡ
ͩһȻް֮ɫػóąֵ̃ĿĳĿ࿴ĳһЩ
Ȼʤˣôһվɱǣ̨ĳˡ̨˵꣬˵Ťͷߡ
ͩӿм䵽Բξӵĵǰ
֣Ȼ߽Բξӡ
ԲξӵһοӪҵ
ԲξӵѲûһͳ˷ָ˴
ûһԲξ
Բξֻѵʿ֮ܽͩҪ趨ҲΪֻڵõ֮󣬲ŻӸмͩ
ͩɲΰΪ˵ĵز˵ˣͩҪҲǿͬʿԲʩ塣
ͩЩ͵ԴȡԸȲʵܵõԸһãֶΪ
÷̨ǵλ˼һЩؼռĵͽʿһ󾳽磬ֲӰʲô
οͩİҲЩͽʿͻͽ
ֳ̨ͩǿʵ͸˳дСһ޵ľʾ
̨ܹôʵҲսġ
÷̨֮УӵսʵģֻλǿսҲ۷սЩǳĸӹ

λ鷿顣
ܣİˣ÷ԼĽֵܣȵʵ
̨ɫѿص˵ͷ˵ȷʵˣҵĿֵʽûȫһҲܵôˡ
ȭôǿ÷ɫһ֮࣬ǰҲվڳĸ¥ԶԶۿȻ֪ͩõȭ
ǿȭҵĿּ񣬶һУǿֻȭҵĿָӼˡ̨˵ҵĿ֣һʽһʽϽһʽһʽ仯࣬һʽһʽǿ󣬵Ҳǿޡ
ȭֱӣֻ׷޵ƻȭǷǡҲ֪ûȫбȸղһȭǿȭһȭܹҴУ̨˵
ĻǴ˵ʵĲСӡ÷˵ͷ˵ûʲô⡣
һдѣֻο޷˫ʵ
ɱû˻ɵһһеضжܵġ
ʵϣ֮ǰıԣ̨ͩûֵܶĹ
˵ʵֵӺء̨ͷӦ
ôͲҪȥǴ˰ɣǸ棬ҲȷʵܶʲôʧǿߣҲĳɵռ鱨ľݵˡľݵ㣬ǳ𣿡÷ǾҪöࡣ
ΪǻҪһļӣԷһ̨ǲġ
ãͰ˵ɣмӾˡ÷һ£ͷͬ
÷ֵ̨ܣܹҴôһҵҲǽҵģ÷дǣΪ˲Сˬֲʧϸ塣̨ϸ緢Ϊ˶ɽǿҵΣС
ϣԻȷʵƾ䡣ټ϶˷ǳŽᣬֵ̩ɽ

ͩԲξӣҲûʲô۵ͩ鷳
ͩ徻࣬ͩķһֱ̣
ȻԼµСԺǱޡ
뱾ҸԪ񻯱
ʵҪüᶨ־Ԫ񡢱ԸһŲߵޱѹԪѹķɡ
طĵһѵġ
ĵһǹ룡
ʶ֮ڣ뱾Ҹʵ൱
һҪһһһãǺҲҪȥˡ
ͺǸ¥һػο¥Ҳϸˡ
ͩ󷨣ʮʱ䣬ǻѵʱ͸ˡ
֪֮䣬ʱôȥˡ
ͩԲξҲ÷̨ǿһꡣ
һ÷̨ΪԲξĵͲʿкܶ࣬ൽͩҲȥ㡣
ͩҲ˵õǧԸļӳ֡
ǣڣͩȻǼ
Ϊǻĸж͸м֮ģǶ޶ȵġ֮һ㣬ֻҪ䣬Ըܹ־ùӦ
һʱ䣬Ҳˡ
ͩõԸڵʮѾﵽһ۷壬Ǹʱʼݼ
ڵ̵ܹͩļޡ
ԣͩصԲξӣ뿪÷̨ǡ
ͩı仯һģСԺгˡ
ͩķһ죬˰̨̣ʣЩϣͩҲջֻǳ˵ţһУȡңתˡ


498  
ͩߵ÷ǳɴ࣬ߵ÷ǳѡ
÷̨ǴСԴ˱ʾɻ󣬸һİ£
뵽ɵӣͻḡͩԲξ
÷̨ǵλΪ˻רžһ̾ԭϻԵ޹ʷİԴļһ治֪ô⾳ģ
ͩ谭뿪÷̨ǣͬһ㣬ߣһ½ǿߡǲںȨƣӵǿʵȴκҲںֻϲԼϲ¡
ͩһǰԲξӡ
ÿطֻʮ굽һҡ
ʱһΣ͹ȥ߰ʱ䡣
ͩʶ֮йɱҸ
ɵһɲǼ䣬ͩͻȻоһԵɡ
ʿ֪֮ǰıѹȸоڴķɡ
ַɱѹȥȻͻоˡ
һ룬ɵʿΪҪԴɲŻỻԽʿٶȺͲٶȡ
ַɱѹȥȴӰͩٶȣǺεȵĴͨ
ҲѹȥЩٵطҲֻдϴܹܲԭͩһҲţֻ«ưȥ
Ⲣͩط
ͩطһ㣬֮ͩſȥΪطԭҲ˵Ĳ
⡶Ҹ䡷ֹһطһĳ
ɾܹͩͬǿߵ깥ط
Ҹ䡷־Ų㣬ֻͩɵһ㣬һѾѹˣôʣµİ˲ģ
ʥеطȻ˼ǣ˲ֹһ
Ŵ󷨣٣ûֻ˳ѣһǿط
ǿʲô̶ȣͩҲ֪ǿܹ²һ
ҡҸ䡷һЧǾʱط̺ʱմ
̶ܹ֮ͩ߰ɵһ㣬⻹Ƕıҵ򡣷ԸӳɣԸͩķ򰡡
Ҳŷַţͩ϶ûСԸЧʣʵޣʮԸϵֻһɲŷȴԽʮԸõþƾϵĲˡ
ŷ֮ûڼԪֻ֮Уڣ˵û¡
˷൱ڲʱմ
ͩòһĴбʾ
һ㣬λɢ޳ĴܻǱʥҪһЩ̡
ͩɣĲԲʥ֮£ǵֶȷʵһʱܹ׷ƽġ
ͺܹ棬֮ϣΪʲôΪ̶֣
ǿŵ̲վλϡ
ɾͲô׵ˡ
ͩҲΪ̫زģֻй¼ҹһܹ쵽̫ˡ
ȥҵ£ǸЧ
ͩɣ˴ɣӵ˽ʮʱ䣬ͩڿ˵ޱȵɡ
ͩλ֮ۡڵ磬ǾǴܼĴڡ

ͩڵΪʵͳ˳۵ķ룬Ҳźʲô
ͩҲʲôµģ
ͩ׼ؾˡ
ؾʵѣѾҳڡ
ؾֻһڣڻǿˡ
Ϊѣ÷ӡĳڴʶ
ֽƣ֮ʱڸѰɫ
ͩǿԲξӵңֽƶɣԶĻ˽ꡣⱾҪһʶܡ
󳬼ھؾµķӡͬˣܹʶоؾ۷սҲͻƷӡǳѼԪļԪ֮
ĸʸͣԪ֮ôóģرͩõʯ֮ؾϲֳܳѼԪĴˡ
ؾ֮⣬һ޴۱֮УһضžؾĶ
ؾ̽յʿۺˣȫӽؾ֮Уֻ׼׼
ǧʿϽؾ
ΪסϢҲҶɡ
Ͼؾɲ֮أؾһ̣Ҳֻʤδ־˳
Ϊ治ֵøĴۣڱ˵Էƴףʧʮϣκȥɡ
ĳĵۺҲ޴顣
Ψһܹ飬ֻˡ
ʵ̫ˣټϽ۵ĹʩΪһϢҲûдȥ
ǱȻôôڷĿӾࡣ
ټϴ˵أͲκĽ

һ죬ؾĳڣ˱仯
ⲻ˽ȥ˳ˡ
۵һʱ䷴Ӧ˹֮һռ˲˳֮䣬һȺǵĸߴ󹬵գ֮ʧ١
㣿۾ȵؿų֮ˣȻԼ
֪ͩһֱ棬û̫ľȣŽӴ󵽱ȿһǵӴ塣
˵ĳֻǽؾ̽ѰкβҳģͩǴ¡
϶Ȼٺòˡɱһġ¶èϷһ飬Ц
֮ͩ䣬Խľ룬Զ˾ؾ
ؾΧʩչʱմ󷨣ܵѹƺӰ졣
Եͩ˳ذ˽۵ʱӽؾѡ
ףΪؿͩȻʵޱȵ⡣
СӣҪΪŶɱûа취ˡնɱӵжⶴɱ㡣öɱް취٣ҪˣмԪ֮ѹ̵۷塣۾
ȻˣͲٴӱƤӵӵʤȯգһҲż
ͩˣЦԭ˵޳ܡ


499  ս
Ҫǿ˵α̬ƽ˾öġͩЦ֮󣬺ط̵
Ҳŭƽ˵нˣǿʳ۱ǿۿı۾ҪõԼϱۿһӦͶֽ£Ȼ͵֮УɼԪ֮ĥ꣬ȡ
ͩ˲һ£޳ܵĻͩǵһҲ޷Ͻ۵˵
ͩһвǵԱ֮׵۹߽ʯ
ͩЦЦ˵˵Ҳ޷ʵ
ǴˣǼⶴɱɡ˷ܵشЦΪͩȻûƴһսĶ־
˵ʵҲȷʵа취ǿжᱦ̫ʱ䣬ͩȵĻ˵֮ܿͩǰԮ
ܹ߽ͩĶ־ƭñȻ
ڵĵһţ֮ܲ
˵ţʱ䣬Ҫ˶þͻԾţ졣ڵ˴ˣ˶ɱڴˣպȻɱ֮
׷Ź˴У
ʳԶʣҲǵһˣʲô
ǽеĿΪͩġ
ͩȻųһţڽ۵У̫һЩ
ѵ۾Ͳʱ䣬Ԯ𣿡ͩʵ
һԣȸϵǱȽ¡̫Сʱں֮ˡ۱ֵ޿֡

ͩǿȫֲ˵ѻʵ
ͩԸҲܰԼ˽е˵СԣͩԸؾ֮бѣҲûԮһԮʱԼ군ˣ
ͩϲһжԼС
ң֮ˣûСҲ족ľǻǸɴˣ˥֮±ɡ
ۣҪɽǲܵġͩĿȻһת˵
ˣ˲䷴Ӧ˹ŭ˵ղˣ𣿡
ͩЦ˵ԭڲŷӦȻǹٶ۵ġ
۲ȻŭһȼһطӴƬǿա
ʱѹ֮ʱյӴѹλµʿʵôǿܵʱյѹȣǴƣ
ֻʱܶԿʱ
ͩӵжⶴɱҲûðյȥͽӲƴڹ˼ʱǿ
ڣͩҲʱ
ÿһλλʱں֮һ츳ͨ
ʱյʵνĽ֮
λȨ
ͩоʱյѹ֮Цһͬӿȿʱѹȡ
Ϊ֮һ塣
۴һѿڴеôܣ
ֵܹʱѹȵģֻʱ򡣶ʱ۵ͱ־
ѵͩѾɹͻΪˣ
ôܣ
̶̼ǧܹһͻƵͽֲֿۣٶȣҲ̫һЩɣ

ٶһ͸о۵ķӦҲ൱ʱܿѹее𾪺Ͳ⡣
Ѿͩ˱ɱľģ˵̫£ǷչȥһԪͿܳԽǳ֮ʵ׵
һֱʱ̣ʵȻ
ֻκӪŴ󳬼֮Уһվϣһ߽ύ
֮ͬ䣬ҲһһĬˮصõ˳ķչʱ䡣
ԪȥˣĸԪʵѾ׷ֻǼԪ֮ϣһ
ģҪǿһЩ
ͩڱֳĽٶѾýޱȵؾˡ
ܺãĽٶñ۳ԾȥˡҲһɱսףɫϵɱķսס
һӣһıС
һֻ޴ĺһɽһߴľ޽ôôĬֻͩȴûЦ
һλǿߣװϵȹɱϵȷɱ֮ʵ֮ǿСӡ
ۣǾؾ֮ڵսۿԱġ
ֻ֮£һ۾Ϳʮͬս࿹⡣
۳ΪǿߣװԿ
һƬ󺣾Ȼسǿ֮Уɱͷŵ
۹ȻҲɱ
ɱΪӦ˫ʱʧЧ£ΪƺͿƶֶá

ͩҲɱҲͷųɱѹơ
ɱǾսʤĹؼأȴǱزٵĸء
һƬ󺣱忪ͩΪһ޴ľ档
Ǿˮ´ⲿϿȥʵ
һ硣ϵɱˮ¾书Ч֮ͩ󣬲ŵ⡣
ǿ󣬲ھĻУγɵܹһв޵
˵еɱͷŵԷȥ
һȱ㣬γɵľ治һʵ幥ƿ
̫ͩ۵ɱʲôģⲻҪΪӰ첻Լ
۵ն񽣣ʽն
һʹ˾ɱ֮
һʽͬһ㣬أһնӢۡ
ȰԵԸĽһʩչһն˾ˮ¾ľ档
ֱָͩ
ͩ˲ͩУŽ۵ǿ󽣷棬һһ
ÿĽؿͩһۣûͣͩк
ղͩƵһնɱȻһϢ֮䣬նǧ򽣵Ŀֲ٣Ĩƽһɱ
ͩʾػӽӭҲ·˵ĽҲ
ɱʹã˫Ƚ
ͩҲó˷صͨɾԷϾ
˫ýģȻ䣬ޱȡ
ۿóרڽڶԵ֮ʱ׵ĽУֵͩƣӦ
ͩȻƣӦڳϲû·磬ʮԷսһѽѷ֡


500  ֻؽ
ýϰԶŴСϧ˽ǰ֮վԼĵָš
ͩЦЦ˵۲ר޽ڱۿҲãҲգõġֻҪþͿˡ
ͩǼΪɴ࣬Է֮ơ
ͩսǺḻ᲻֪۴ڣ
Ȼ֪˵˵նģȻϵˡ
ͩõľ֮ǰʹʮʽЩɻ䣬Ȼþá
ֽ׶γΪͩǿֶΡ
ʮʽֻǿֵ۵ľв
Ҫȡʤǲܵġ
Ҳһˡ
˫̽Էʵޣûеƴʱ
ԽԽľͩȥ۲ãܹ֮̽УԼƴɫ˿·磬ȳɳٶȣܲ
ͩͬڽ۵ʵһ֪
۽֮У֮һȻСӣôֻεǿأ
ã벻㾹Ȼʵӱն۽ʽնһʽѹˣĽʽ
һⳤ佣죬Ϊһ޳ͩ
ͩҴ⣬ԶԷý޵С
ɣһ޳Уϣ
Ǿʱ򣬶ԷһѾͩˣͩһУ޷㣬ΪԷѾ׼Уܿռ䣬ͩռ˲ƶòˡһУҪôԷӲҪôԹǿӡ

нͩɵԹԹǿӶֵһʽС
ͩȻתټϵȷɼ׵ķҲδؿһͩҲǱӲ飬ֻȫ޶Բߵ²Ż᲻üΪ֮
һĽͻȻ֮νǰǡֵصס˶Էһ
뽣ײ
ǿţ䡢ɢԳ塣
磬ЩĽһ˲ɱһλ
λǿƺͿֲ
뽣޼ͬʱʧ
ãýۺĵ͵ն񽣹ʮһʽֻǵʽҵʽ
ʽն񽣣Ϊȸն
ȸһٶȼ֮ͬУûܹˡ
һܹΪȸնôϷҲܲ³һڿ콣ķ롣
ʵϣҲ֤ͩĲ²⡣
۽ʽһ䣬ȸ˲Խ֮ľͩǰ
ͬǿ콣ͩķٽͽ۵ȸնȫͬĿ콣֮Ĳ൱޴
ȸնʵѹ˵ĺ򣬴⼸Կó۵Ľһơ֡
ҲǽΪԼѡĳ֮·
ﵽ֮ɽϵ֮ƣ䳬ѼԪ
һֳ֮·ڵǧ֮һ֮
Ըһ㣬ǳڱȽƫŵĴ
ԸҪһЩϾԸ֮Ѿʧ֮дУֻʿԼġ
СͬϷ
ΪִǿߣֻҪ㹻ǿƣǲ֣һܵһǿߡ

֮£ͩķٽĿ콣ֿ콣£Գʱռ֮ϡ
ٽȸն֮Ľ棬Եú̻֮˫ĽѾüӰˡ
˫ڶʱ֮ڣƴʮ򼸽ʤӦ˵ͩʤ˰
ɶ񣡡
֮£ûдͩռˣҲʧˡһĸо
ԼͽͩɾԶöˣȴǺͶԷģѵ
߳ŭ֮£Ҳ˴زԷΪʲôûóɱ
Уն񽣵ʮһʽն
ֱˣͩȥˣ˶ñնɱ֮ءն⣡
һʽ̫ǿˣûлӳܿռͿʼ̮
ͩɲǰһˡ
ͩҲҪȫˡ
ֻͩһĨеȵ
һâ⣬ڰռ·ƿһӣڶʱγһֲĺڶ
ﾪؿͩеһֻλõĸоָоӦÿܴԼɱ
ôɱֱôһССϣǣԲǡ۷ǳƶȥ·ڰοԼһ
ΪڳΪ֮󣬶ԹȥȺ֮лѹԪɱȻǳ˶ȥ˶顣
Ƶչ˼ٸŻ
ͩӵɱͩѾﵽ۷Ϊ˼Ԫֻ֮顣

Ϊʲôɱ֮кټ˳У
Ϊɱȷʵ٣вٶûг
һԭΪɱ죬൱ظ߻൱عŹ֡
֮еľŴ󳬼мԪ֮ѹȺ֮⣬ӵɱѹ̡
ͬģûɱѹ̵Ҳѳá
رͻȻȺֻмԪ֮ûɱѹˣɾûʸȾָԭʼ档
ֻؽ
ͩȫʹʩչ֮ʹûʹù
һʱ䳤ӣһռ䳤ӣƾվ
һһ̺Źȥڡδһ̺ǳռ
ԽΪ㣬˴˽һγһɼС
ӲϽڣԽԽֱʧˣֻһֲС
ͻȻ֮䣬͵صķһضµֱ֮Ϯۡ
⣬ģ۶˵תʹ̵ľ˦һܡ
ۿ־ˣжͩǺ֮֮Ľ֮֮Ҳһ㡣
ǹʮֹŹ֣·ͽ֮ļ벻һ㣬գ֮մϡ
Ž۾ͻᱻƴطƴԱ
Ȼֻ䵹ųصзȥ
ûаǽ۾ǳǾ޴صзȥ


501  ع
ޱȿ־ҪһеԵͽ͡
ҪҲ۴ſ־Ͱûڵĵ
ͩĮؿһУʵҲھȣһֻؽȻΪ
ȻԴʱ֮ӣγֱֻͨ͵ֻء
һУֻҪûгѼԪ۷ǿߣҲֻعϽ֮СֻͨǻϾˣ
ͱ˵ۣλһ䣬ôͲٸˡ
ǼԪ֮֮ϵļԪףҲܸλ
ԣλ䣬ǾˣҲûиϣˡ
λκһѳɾͣǿ֮⣬ÿһλ飬д˵Ĵڡ
ԣûһλ᲻Ϊη壬ǲŻִŵ׷ѡ
۱ֻ֮Уݶûðһ£һɱֻ֮
һλλôڴ˵أɱ̾
ͩλʼٸҲһ𾪺ŵĸоһλΰ۾ôԼˣ

ۣսۡ壬ûκźҪ
ս۵ҪܵشǱɣ۲ᡣ
ͩķٽս۵ֱۺʹս۵Դֽǰֻˣ߾
ĿۣߵĽһģˣͩһе塣
һλ۵жǿߴ﹫ֲ壬ͩķٽȻǿ󣬵Ͼֻǿ콣һɢһ۵ۡ
벻ֻؽǿᡣ
ֱֻͨӽһλɵµĽ
˽ֱ֮ɱ¾Ϊɱ
澿ôһˣ׽ľ֮ȴʵʵһɱ¾
佣ߣ²֪ͩϵѪȣӫµĲࡣ
ͩʰһսƷõ˼ɱһһϵɱһеɱԭǽеɱԭֻеȼѡ
Դɱֻһͨɱ
ͩԴ˱ʾˣ⻹һۣҳΪ۵ʱҲˣң
ģҲ̫˰ɣͩݺݵ²۵

һ䣬ɴȥˣ
ĳǿԲںж٣жأˣٸˡҲԲںϼʮֻҪ̫࣬ҲͬԸֻǴЩѡϾʴδǱۡ
ǵλ֮۵ĲΡ
һҲޱȵӣƴȥ׷֡
ֺ̨ǿôȴľķ񱨸
ͬģϣ󳬼ĴʽҲһġ
⣬Ҳޱӵȥ飬ֱض⵽ǿƱ
ҲһֱʾȺŽǿķʽ
ҲΪ֧ţŴ󳬼ۣһȡ
ǾżҲԵ޹ʵǾŴ󳬼ǿߡ
ǿȺ֮ӡǣ䣬ôȺ֮еӡȻͻɢ
ǿߣϺߡ
Ϊ磬۾۷ǿˡ
ǿߣ϶бֶκ͵ƣԱԼǿǿߣ򲻹ҲкܴĻܵ
ԣֻҪΧɱǿ߻ǲġ

ֳͩ׵ǿߣ̫пܱǰɱ
֮Զ֣ͩҲδгԶɱ˼УҲ޿֣ΪɱͩҲܹѵһ£ٲҲܹȫˡ
û뵽ͩӵϹɱʹõġ
ɱý۵еƶΪ˷ԼҲùֻؽ֮£òףú䲻ʡ
ͩҪ뿪ͻȻ뵽ʲôæʱתһƬʱңĨڵĺۼ
ȻÿռŲ뿪˴˵ء
ʮοռŲ֮ͩѾԶԶ뿪˾ؾڲ֪ٹꡣ
Ȼŷĵͻ硣
ͩһοɲǻس½ΪͩѾָ֮Ҫȥ
ͩһֱӻصӶ֮ǵׯ԰
ͩͻȻع飬Ҳׯ԰ǵĺ䶯
˿ͩӰޱȹسͩдμ򸣣
Щˣ˻㱨
ܿģȼŮʹݸͩɵÿĵ˹ȥ
һ顣

ͩԺ֮һһ
λͩѾɹ˵˥֮󣬲ɵ´ϲ
ⲻǴԼҷѾΪµ
۰ʲô棬վ۷ģۣ
ͩΪۣʹҽӶᣬΪۼ֮һ
ӶϵģֻоλۡͩΪʮλ
ΪۣʹӵתǿΪһִ֮һ
֮һ˵õȮ졣
ˣòô˷ܰɣү˥˥Ҳѵ˥ȵ˥ɹȥٸҲ١ͩ˫ѹѹ˵˷֮飬˵
ţҲԣҪҲõȵɹ˥֮󡣡ѹе˷ܣ뵽滹˥٣ɵеǣֻûбֳˡ
һҵȥһˣЩҪһ£ȵæЩʱһһЩʱǡߺ󣬼һУվɱǡͩڷԸ
ǡӦ
УһʱҪ⴫˿ڷ㡣ַͩԸ

ôˣǲǷʲôˣϼô꣬ͩе
ûʲôֻһʱһۣǱ߻ἱţȻҲ£ҲûбҪӲԼ鷳ȥɡͩ͵
㣬˵ɱһۣЩˣʵ
ԣǸ쵰Ӽǧ꣬Ϊͻ֮󣬳ĵһ¾ǰˡͩ϶ػش
һ檷ˡ
ɱһۣµĴ£֮սȫ˸λǳͲö˵ˡ
Ļ֮£ۼǿߵ䣬¼Ҳܹһ
ȻҲ˵ۼǲܵġ
һԪĴս˫ۼ˲֮߰࣡
ʧ˵Ѿ˽ˡ
ԣ˫սǿһĲϣ˫һͳǸεĳս
Ϊ֮˫ܺǵƴûԣӮʤߡ

ͩڼһҹȻʹ͵⡣
ͩʾ֤Ȼ˳ǣһֱڳԼұԺķ
ûãƽˡ
񡭡ƽΪͩĲԾΪǳתˣȻ֮۷ǳϤͩĸоϤĸо
ͩ㣬㲻Ѿƽе׼˵ɵʿٶҲδ̫һ㡣
֮ǰĳҵضɹ˵˥ͩ˵ͷӦ
ϲϲƽּ۱£ƽ̬ر죬գ֮ͻָ˹Ȼ󹧾ظͩ
ⲻǾͩݣھͩĳɾۣ͡վȺһײ㣬ҲάȺǿļʵϡ
֮У˭öǱʾԵ𾴡ΪûǵıӻҲᷢչ׳ûǵıӻҲûа취ںв£ɳ
ۣĸ֮Уǳߵͳνײ㡣
ǵĳƺһ㣬еۣ֮
վ۷ĵ

ͩЦЦ˵ͬϲͬϲĳֻһƽ׷ġĳֻз죬˥֮£ɳٶȻԵÿһЩ
ƽˣҲͩ˵˥֮£㲻Ǿ·һ
ˣʦȥһˡƽ˵ˡ
óõȣ̰ɡͩ˵ͷɴػش
ƽҲûж˵ʲôͩȥ
ûã˳ƽĴ֮£˳鷿
طͩҲһζ۾ȻдͩȻѾһ֪ͩڵΪˡ
Ҳ֣ϾǣûܹĶĿ
ʦ棬ޱнȥɡ¾͵иˡƽ͵鷿ſڣʶȤظǶȥˡ
ͩš
ɡ۵ڴ˳
ͩŶ룬˳ְŸˡ
ǰͩҲˣԵǲʩʲô񣬲ֻǴڵġۺôҲǺͩʦͬһʱľʧ

ˣûˣôˡϴЦ˵ɣ˵
˳˴õɳָһɳͩ¡
ͩ˹ȥ¡
ϲɹ˵˥ɹ۵Ľײ㡣ŬҲˡͩϲ乧ϲǷĵģ١ʦӵϢĻ»˷ܵشǱܻšȻҵǰ԰ˡ
ͩˣûпɲԼҵʦ档
Ȼ˥֮δڱϾѾ֮ˣȻ߹ޱȡĸۡȺ°ţͬʱΪһһۣõȺĴԼӦĸͬʱʸȺķֳɣڱҪԼȡˡ
ÿһλ½ۣʸȥȺѡһһϵɱֻϵɱһԼǱǣȻ㽫лǰȺС棬ԲȺ֮ղصɱΪͩһһܺͽ˵ۼȺ֮еĺô
ȻиȻˡΪۣȺ֮еɶȵȻģⲻҪΪȺ


502  
һλ۵ĳ֣ʵһأȻϲ⡣
ռ䡣˵˵ֳʶռ䡣
ͩҲŽռ䡣
ͩռأԭ趨Լҵׯ԰ׯ԰ԭǴɽɽȴᵽɽ
ɽɽͩһΣǴʦǰ۹μʦ棬һΣͩûĵŪɽ
ͩׯ԰Ҳĳ˺ĹΪ޵۹
ɽɽ걻һڸǣվɽҲԶ׵
ʵȨ޵ģֻۣͩſЩɽ
ɽ۹Ȼһʮͩ½޵۹һʮ
ÿһ۹һλۡ
Ҳ˵Ȼһʮλۣ
ͩò̾ǲһĲһ
ͩû뵽ȻôλǿߣֱǷ˼żǿٶҲһͷͷȲϡ
ǳʵΪʵܹ֮֮ϡ

Ӷϵֻоλڿ֪ͩ۵İϷ
ͩҲţ󳬼֮һӶֻоλֻۣռǿߵʮ֮һ
ֱǻ
۴Լĵ۹һ˲޵۹кͩ۹⣿
⣬ǳ⡣ͩͷ˵
ͩ۹ɱǰׯ԰Ҫö࣬߼öࡣ
ͺǸլʵ۵Ļʹ֮Ĳࡣ
߰ɣץסۣͩһ˲ʧˡ
ͩǰһٳʱѾһ޴Ļ
ҵλʻηֲһ߻ÿһĴСһģֻɫһ
˿Ѿ˲ˡЩ˸Ŀӡ͡桢οȵȲһĿ⿴ͩ
ǣͩʵʵѾ²ˡ
ᣬܹģۡ㣬ǵ³Ա֮һϲۣӭᡣʽؿ˵
ޣʦؿˡ
ǣʦ档ͩ۹ɣûΪԼ仯

λþ߻λϡ
мһֻ˾Ÿˣ
巽ۺȻС
Ҳ˵ʸģӦö۷ۣ
ֻλ۷ۣͳ˾λ֮ࡣҲ˵˽һʵ
ֲĵ̣Ȼ˵״½֮ϣ׵۹һҾλ۷սۣ۷սܹ۷
ǲܣ
׵۹۷սۣؾ֮ȣ൱һλ߽ۡ
ʱѹ֮£۷սۻ߽ء
׵۹ĴڣھؾҪǷŵĻС˼
Ǹ߽۾ʮ֮ࡣ
λǰΪߵֵģ߻ͩһһۡ
һۣǼ֮ٵġ
ͩҲʮλĲࡣ
ġ廷˼߰ʮλ֮ࡣ
һˡ
Ǽ۷֮У͵ȺҲڣƾ۽ײʵֲϡ
ʿ֮УֻҪǿṲ̆λżˣÿһƿţͬСɣÿһŷǷԺǻۣܹһ档
Ҫǣ峬Ժԣʹλܹ˳ؽн۵ľ硣

Ϊλ磬Ͳǹ⿿۾ܹģԡ
Ըߣǳȶ
ܹоλ۷ۣܹóⷽԽˡ
ʵϣҲΪԭ򣬲ʹܹһԪһλԪ֮ļ¼
һԪһλԪ֮ʵͳǰλĳ㲻ʲôΪЩһԪһλԪ֮ģеļԪλԪ֮
һ۷壬ڻ۵̵Ľ׶ξûгֹԪ֮ϴⲻò˵һ漣
ʵһԪǶôһʱ䣿ֻоŴ󳬼ѼԪ֮Բˡ
һЩ˶ΪԪ֮ÿһԪƵĶмԪ֮֡
ΪʲôôԪֻоŸأ
˵ˣʵָۺֻ֮ǹһλԪ֮Ϳˡ
ܹ֮巢չΪŴ󳬼֮һеѶȿ֪
ⷽ棬ͩҲȲ֮ΰ
֪жҪƴΪһܹȴ١

ˣһξۻᣬҪǸҽһ³Ա⻹һЩҪֻ۾Ȼ巽֮еκһλλԵλ֮һ
֪ͩλ۷ۣһԪϵۣǷֱǣ׻ȸ䡣
λ۷ǰʱڵػߣųۣȵ巽֮ǲĻ󣬲ڹֻΪƳһĴڡ
ֻλ۷۾ۡ
ȣһ£ۣһԪٶۣͬʱҲʦ֮һЦݣޱȵοͩͷ·𿴵Լͽͽɲһ㡣
ͩվ˵λµǰԺǰǶָ㡣
ͩϤǣͩȻʦɵùĿ࿴
ţȷʵˣϷҲ˵۵ˮ׼ߡϧƷ̫ˡͬʦۿ˵
ûϵۣ֮ίԱְɡһλͬʦĸ߽ۿ˵
ƨӦõ˾۷
Щϼһ˼Сæ˥ʱΪȺЩϼһҪ⡣ԷǳάͩרΪͩΧ

˥ԭ޵ɵѹֽ١
Сӣ´ɵ˫
ڳһۣûһǴɵ̤ġ
ͩΨһһ
ʵڳǶ֪ɵУ٣ȴ١
Ϊʲô
˥
ÿһ۶ܹõȺķÿһ꣬Ⱥİٷ֮ʮΪȺ̺Ⱥչ֮ãʣµİٷ֮ʮаٷ֮ʮϽܲİٷ֮ʮĸλڣ³Ա۵䡣һǷϿɣۿ˵
Ͽɡ˶ʾϿɣǹأһأڳ˶ô߹ġ
ۣǲı룬Ĺأٲջ٣ҪķͱóһɣǡǵȵΪٽ֮ʱŻ
λǰĳȺľ飬Դû顣ͩӦ

ͩҪĲЩ棬רӦ˥һ˥ȫɹȥȺҲѵ
⣬ͩҲһԱڿǿνӳͩΪһԼ⣬ͩһ棬ֻõһ֣ͺȺ֮С
ˣһɡۿ˵
ţʮλ̻㱨ƹܵ񱨸档˵ǳսۣصؾıۣиżļλۣһһ˻㱨
ǼλվȺ
ڳ䱳ԼͿһжĿ֮¡
˽ǱҪֿġ
Ϊۣ⣬ȺҲ븶һЩۣѶȶ
˵ѰĳֲϣѰĳҩȺ⻻ȡԼҪĶ
оǣ洳ˣҲԼʱȺѰӻȺΪԼƨɡ

ͩţԼ۶ڳϯߣԼǻۡ
ͩշǳá
á
ڻ𣿡ۿ˵
Уͩ˵
˵۷ǳݵʵ
ڲ֮ǰҰĽ۸ɱˣ¿ܻӰȺߣԡͩ˵ͣ
ɣ
ģ

᳡Ҷ۷׷
ۿۡ
ģҲյϢˣ嶼ڷ֡۵˵ͷ
ڳһۿͩĿⶼˣøˡ
ãǶһۣһλǣǴ°׻۴Ц˵Ϊһ
øɲɾʵ
ֵʱӦ÷ǳɾֻ֮ǰһֱ׷ңҸϽ˾ؾ¿סҽۻˣͩû˵꣬˶ףǴ˵
٣ð죬ֻҪøɾûбõѱˡ׷֮£ǻսģЩһֱǿޡû֤ݣܹʲô£ȺΪġ۷Լ

û¶Ҳûߣ꼫ѣò𣿡
²úãԴȡһ֮𣡡
ó֮İһֱڣлǣǿߵ䡣
Ȼ飬˭û֤ݣֻв֮ˡ
֮һˣǿܾȺսս˫ûкô
ޣ㲻òˣǻᰲŵģֻԺҪСһЩпܻᰵбۻش
ģҶȺ֮бչأרӦʣµ˥ᵽܵġͩش
˾ͺãϣЩܹ˶۰˵
ܿͽˣҶˡ
֪ۣͩϿ࣬ʵЩˣ󲿷ֶ½ء
½һ½ĵ̣᲻½εؿ֣


503  ѡ
֮ͩʶع鱾塣
ȿ˵ȻˣȥȺѡϵɱɡǵסҲ仯ÿһλ۶֮רʲôرҪû
ţҿԽҵļǶ𣿡ͩʵ
ȻֻҪֱϵ԰Լۿ϶ػش
áͩͷ
һԼȥȺѡҪɱУ׼ãʵ
Ҫϼɣͩһ»شҪһβ̵ʱѧ
Ǿͺˣ㻹ǷȺ鱦ҪоÿһλǿԼʱ˵ΪҪӦ˥ȺҲǿһЩ̫ʱ̫ѵΪնɱĽйʱΪȺʮɱֱֻϽʮɱʵ
ԡ֮ͩ䣬óʮͨɱ
ʵͨɱֶͩͲˣеĴ治١
˾´󲿷Ϊ̣Ķ׸ȺǶһȺˡ
ۿͩһۣ˵湻ɴģˣûȥҰɡ
ǡͩǺһЦǶȥ
һף
ֱӻؼҰѶָ֮һӣȻᵽ¼ҡ
ͩ¼ǼΪӽһߴռͩԭڲռǱԭ˺ֹʮ
֪ͩͨ˹һǰס
סţȵȷ棬Īĺô

õϢ֮󣬿ĵشеǣϽѼʲôģȥҪᵽ¼ȥ
Щ꣬ȼŮѾذѼ񽻸ҵū֣һڼͺľӢȥ
Ѿ˾Ļţר
ͩΪ˽Ǿر͵ķʽһ߷˹ȥ
Ȼ÷Сǧ磬ǽСǧ硣
ǣǳ⣬Сǧ磬Ǵ͵ߡ
ۣĴʥ֮һôҲȷʵǵһȨģ൱һ֮ǡ
дǿƼڴ˳ǣﻹŵҪأǿҡݡ
ˣôСֵˣԺǾͳסˣһһ˽Ӹ׺ĸͩЦ˵
ǲСЩ꣬ǺöҪѹŽӵסǶԸ⶯翪˵
ͩˣҡͷ̾Ҫһʣ治Ը⣬Ǿˡ
ͩ¼ҡ
ۡôĵط˵Ųŷԭ⿴ռز̫澹Ȼ˴Ŀռ䣡
ˣԼţĿŦͩóĿŦ磬Ȼǽơ
ͩռ븸ĸϵˣǰᵽ뷨
ǣܾͩˡ
ϵ̬Ⱥܼᶨ˵ʲôҲȥ
ͩԴҲǳΣҲǿϸıԸ
ֻϵ˷

ͩΪµλϢûпҲû⴫
ϢģĴҲ˴мεǡ
ʶͩõϢˣһѹ쳣š
Ҫ֪ͩͬʱĴţǧ֮Уֻʣһǧٲˡձ鶼ͣڰ񼶱۵ֻ̡ΪǰļλţųɹͻΪ
ʱͩѾվ֮۵λˡ
Ӣľ׵ŲŸոͻƵλļ𣬶ڸ޷ͻơͩѾλλľˡ
Ҫ֪мʮʣȴһٶѡ
ӢʦõϢ֮󣬳׷ͩͷ̫̬ͩˣͬľ׶˽⣬ʶͩʼʹû͸ͩ
ͩóľʵصƣϻ
۾ͩϻġ
֪ͩʵ֮϶һʱ·
ܣͩûа취ֻȥ
ӵͩİʾȻ׸ô
һʱּҲһľλҡ
ɱȻк
ȻǴֱʵذ۶һԴҡ
Ҳ˳µشӻ˳ѻķؽҵһ֧ȻټҰᵽ쳯µķأһԾΪ쳯Ķ֮һ
ǻҵҲҶе

Ҳ粻һȣȻԴҲ벻ͨΪʲô쳯ĻӵܣȻһң
Ǻԭ򣬶ɱظ³ֵĺһصɴ
쳯ĻӵҲΪʲô
жۻ´ľηӡ
ĸԸᵽͩ˵Ҳɵˡ½ͩԶλ꣬ʱԴ½硣
½֮λūӦ½һΣˡ
¼ҵ飬Ȼйȥͩ˼ţͳȺȥ
һ֮УͩԼȨ޴ȺĶһ嵥
ͩȲ鿴ɱͶɱ嵥
ɱֻһΪţ
ɱټңÿһĶһ൱̡ǺȫͩѵĪڶɱͶⱾԴɱȻķɱҲǳҪֻйɱͩÿһۡ
Կ걬ǡ
ͩ⵰ʱǲҪˡ
ͩҪװһ׶ɱţǾԲܵġ
Ҳ֪ϴνȺǸԶؾˡͩ˵嵥ϵɱ
ϵɱɾͶˣÿһټ
ĵ̹Ȼһܹġ
ѹ֣ÿһλ۶Էһһϵɱ
ͩ嵥㵽˱Դɱ
ͩҪϵȹɱҲҪϵȷɱϵɱҲˣϵȷɱͩҲȱ
ͩȱֻϵȱԴɱ
еȵıԴɱѾ޷ͩ
ͩһÿһΪķû㹻ķͩҲҶදô˽൱ʵסһ


504  
ͩΪʱеĶһ㣬Ҫ
һЩȺ׵㣬ͩһɱ
ţνһһϵɱָϵɱ֮е³˻ɫЩϳ˵Ĺɱ
ҪһɱҪȺ׵ģҪɱͶһȨޡ
ɱȺ׵һġ
Ⱥ׵ô࣬ܵġɱֻһɱ
ͩûдȺ֮жһһɱ
ͩϵɱȫѰսƷûһǴȺ֮жһġ
Ⱥ׵һܶһһɱ㡣
һͨɱ10ϵɱ㡣
еɱͨɱļֵİٱ
ϵɱеɱİٱ
Ҳ˵ϵɱһ۸ʮɱϡ
Ⱥͩ˶ʮɱ㣬Լͩ˶һȨޡ
ɱͩûа취һ⣬ģɱڣԶһ
ֻͩҪһһɱ仨ֲ̫ˡ
һǧɱ㣬ֻ𲽼ۣ֮һ⹥ɱһ۸񶼲ǧɱ㡣
Ⱥ׵һɱ㣬ǻûܹ
ԣҶԼõɱһɱ㣬ɱȥԼϲɱ
ӵǣһɱһȥʱ10ɱ㣬Ǳ˶һҪ12ɱ㡣
ˣҲֹ˴Ҷһ顣ĻɱĶһȨޣɱ㵹ǱȽϺ׬ġ
Ͼɱǿתáġ
ǶһȨ޾ͿƵ÷ǳϸˡ
ֻܶһͨɱϲܹһеɱλŷſ˳ɱĶһȨޡ
ͩڵȺ׵㣬һɱ㶼˵һߵεϵɱˡ

ͩ嵥ϵϵȱԴɱĿ¼۸һ
ͩĶʮɱ㣬ȻһϵȱԴɱ
ϵȱԴɱ٣ֻмʮ۸Ӷʮһٶʮ򲻵ȡ
ֻͩжʮ򣬲Ҳ̫һЩ
ͩԼʮϵȱԴɱܣϸؿһ飬һöΪ䡱ϵȱԴɱ
öǹɱǴһԶż֮зƷڶ౾Դɱ֮Уڵһλ
ɱļ۸񲢲ߣֻʮѡӼ۸Ͽɱֻ϶ѡ
Ϊʲôأ
Ϊ˽һ޴ȱݣǾרáֵļΪ⣬洢ķҲΪ⡣
ѰıԴɱǿͲʣܹɶжܹĸĲʡ
ͩ췽ܹ洢һλλķڼƷеȱԴɱֵԲƣԱһЩƷµϵɱˡ
ͩҪȺ⣬۸Գʮ㣡
ʵ󣬵Ĵ洢ʽ̫ˣԽѹ洢ּԶ֮֮УҲڼΪĳ
ּƳıԴɱһڿ޴ޱȵȱݣǾֻܴ洢ѹķҲܹ洢ֻ̫СҲǺ͵ϵȱԴɱᲢۡǴ洢Ļʮѹ
Ϊڵʱ֮˶ɣõĽȱڵʱͲȱݡ
͵εϵȱԴɱֻҪѶʮɱܹһȴҪʮɱ㡣

һƣ֪ѡĸˡ
ΪĲʺ͵ζ̫ƷܰѼ۸񽵵̫ͣǼֱ̫̣ƷϵȱԴɱˡ
ڵһԪΨͩɵۡԣöֱרΪͩ׼һ㡣
ֻͩһۣϲˡ
ļ۸ʵֲ̫ˣͩȱڴﵽʮɱ֮࣡
ʵҪ㣬Դɱļֵǹɱʮϡ
౦֮Уֻҵļֵ
˵Ⱥļ۸Ѿ൱Իˡ
ͩҲٽʲôģⲻ̳·ּۻۡ
ûа취ֻͩ취ˡ
ȣͩó˴ӽеϵɱһ⡣
ԶǵĹǣϵȹɽһһ۸񣺰ǧɱ㡣ϵȷսһһ۸ʮǧɱ㡣
һǶʮɱ㡣
ͩжʮɱȱڡ
ܹͩһȺϵɱֻһϵȹɱһϵȷɱԼ췽ˡͩؾ
ͩһ£Ǿ췽һȺ⣬һһϵɱ
װõģܺӡ
˵ˣͩϳ綼ܹԼƳϵɱȵպˮƽˣʲôɱװ
ͩԴ˿ر͸
췽Ȼֻеɱļֵȴ
ȺĹʮһɱ㡣
⵹ͩ˲һ֮󣬻ʣɱ㡣

ͩصԼĵ۹ʱѾѼ׵ˡ
ò˵ȷʵһǳϸһУͩûвĹ
ʱۣһͩصǾǷ⽨үĴɶ¶øɣֻҪſڣ֡
żһ檣ͩɻʵһ̺򣬰ͩչ˵úòˡ
ˣѾˣʲôҪȵͩԸͩһ߰Ħһʵ
ţܺãʱʹڼҲȥÿ£һΪǽͬʱȥ񱮣ȡǵĻۼӺ񡣡ͩ˵
лϲ˵
ŶˣһƻҺϼƺϼơͩһת̸ϡ
áصͷ
ͩԲξӵ˵˳ͩһԿ
һֲ̫ͩˡ
Ȳۿ֮ҪʧôӴԴֱҲ֧ŵġ
һ룬Ӵİͼʮǧ½С͵ĳж٣ҪôӴ
ֱǰܼҵ㣬ҲųΪۼң̻ǳúܣܹôģ
ԣǳɴطǧ򲻿ɣҵĵ̻ǳ첻˵ƻҪôĻҶֻһ½ѡĻǼЩĻۣҲֻܳѣѾǵļˡ


505  ƻö
Է½Ϊ½Сǧڷ½ӴǱ㹻ӰӴܹ½ǣ޽ƵǮǺܿͻƲġңҲʲô档˵
ϸݣҪĻǿҵˡ
ͩЦЦ˵û飬ΪĻȥ𣿡
棿кԣüͷͷҲ벻ڡ
ҴһططԶŴеʱط˷ܹǿܹҼʱոҵΪٶȡܹ˵˥ǰн۵ľ硣طһݾǾռԸӿٶȡԸԽӴٶȾԽ죡ͩ˵
˻ط𾪵õһط̫ˣڵʱδżδ
˵أνԸȻ˸м͸ж֮ԸûиõԸͬʱҲռʽԸɱȷʵ̫ߡͩɵø̾
ռԸҪѵĳɱ̫ˡ
ˣͬôռԸһҪռġϾϵŷ˥򲻿ҵټҽծҲɲǱһжΪҵ濼ͩĽ֮̾ͬͩļƻϾͩҵ֧ͩİȫڼ档
ֻҪܹͩɹѹأô츶ٶҲֵõġ
һͩɹش˥츶ٶ࣬պҲܹջ

ֻҪͩţϼۼҾܹһֱڣƶĵۼңҲվ˵Ĵڡ
ۼҿȨֳɣֻǻķֳɣҲƴ׬ȡҪöࡣ
ͺϣһ׬ٶ࣬ҲȲһĲһ㡣
ʣǿľŸ֮һĲǶôֲ
ֻеİٷ֮ʮһʮλ۷ҲǷǳӴһˡ
룬ֻҪͩţϸˮϾ
һʱҵҲðͩƻҪôҪҪá
ĬĬ˼һ㡣
취һͨǽӶﵽĿġ˵
ͩˣϸ˼һҡҡͷӶǲУֻԸָͲˡ
ǲǼרһƻᣬר¡ԴƵ㣬Ż˳öࡣ翪˵
ͩˣ˵ͷԴ㲻òģұ֮ȡһĵͼԴۣĴͷÿ꣬ҶһӴԴ
ͩпռ佻ƽֵ̨ͼԴҪٶܹ
ˣһϲӾͺãֻһͼ϶ѣ㲻ʲô벻òҵܹ쵽
ţֻҪƻᣬҪӴҪõġ
ڣЩķչҵҲʵ˲ٳ
˰Ѽūȫɳȥ¡

Ҽʱ䣬ϸöһݼƻʱʽʼﱸ翴ͩգգ۾˵
ͩ΢΢һЦóʮöָ˹еԴӦ㹻һˡ
ʲôָָﵽһĴָ
ָ֮УԴŻ
ָֿռƬƶɣѶȲСֵһܸߡ
еĴָרΪҩֲλ档
ܹʡһƬռ䡣
ָĴСҲģĿһ̫һĺǣСҲܹװһһǡ
ͩĽָǴ׵ĽָʮŽָǶôӴһԴ
ۡ鿴һ£ɵþȵش˳
ӴԴĻۣҲֵһᰡ
Ȼǳ˸߽Դ֮ıȽϡ
ʵϣ֮еĵͽԴ֪ж٣ǿԴֻٶпѡ
ϵʯڲԴʵϣŵУҪʯ͵ĻǻģϵĻ仯ȻϼͿˡʯڷǲģУ㲻ʲô
ѣ򼸸һιؾ͹ȥˡ
УֻҪݱûнĩڣôԴǿġ
еͽԴǿſռ佻ƽ̨ͨͩǿʮָĵͽԴͨеĵͽԴ˵ֻǾţһë㲻ʲô

ȥƻȥˡ
ֻΪһֱûдƻӪּϴǣشֻԼƿաԣûȥһλоӪƶ档
ûоӪҪӪġ
Ϊ˻۾飬տʼʱ򣬹粢׼չ̫
ҪƣȻѡ񿪷̶Ȳߵķչд½áôԴ½ĸ߶ȷĴ½缴ʹܹƣҲܻ̫ĸм
ͩԼµ۹ıչ֮УչС
ͩҪĶ̫ˣȵһҪȻ䡣
ͩķϵɱѣ̶̼͸㶨ˡ
֮ͩʼָ֮д洢
ͩ˴Űѽָ
װ֮ͩԱ֮󣬷ȷʵ췽Ҫǿʮϣ
Ϊ֮УѾ൱ͩʮͩҪʱ򣬿ʱõĲ䡣
ս
ͬʱҲζͩʵһη
һԱ֤ʱĻǽ൱ǿġ
һ룬ں˵սԼһ˳þõĻǻǿʲô̶ȣ
ĸܹǿ̶ֳȣϿһͳȫˡ
ͩȻﲻ̶ֳȣҲܹһǿˡ
Ȼ֮סţȻвŲİȫ⡣ǶȵĻôƨ
ͩżذҲΪб޻һʲôҪҪ˸סˣʱ㣬ǲ̫ԩ
Ȼ²ǳףǲɷСǴڵġ
ͩҲΪΣǲŻһЩ¡


506  
ͩչˣڼҵȵ֮ƶһȫչƵļƻ
ƵΪﶼܵ˵Լٷ֧֡
޸һƻһЩϸ֮󣬾Ϳʼڷ½СƻԴ
£ϵ˷Ͼ½˼ҵĵ̣ûλĹգܶȽϸӣûΥ仰ô
ǵײʿһһسɳڹһۼңһþ᲻еƣ
ˣáλðڵúΪȻ㲻ʲôǼܲס˼˵ǿ󰡡
ϼѾʽΪۼңȫĻ󣬳ΪִߣֻҪͩ£ϼܹʱѸٵʵ
ȫȲϵۼҵǿ
۷չٶȣķչʵѾﵽ˶㣬ڵΪˮ׼Ҫøǿֻ취
һ˵ΪǿһһԼǿķ󱲡
Ϊǰһ취ףһ취ס
ʵϣҲ֪жٹϼ嶼ǿŵڶһһطչ׳ġ
һҲûʧڳΪۼҵĵһ֮õʹûбǳᡢΪϵĹŨɹڵĻ
ĸµĻ

̫ˣ֪кСȫ񻰡
罫Ҵŵļƻ˵˷֪
̬ûκ⣬֮٣С֧֣Сұ֤ڷ½ڣĪ˸ɧԲδƻ
ͷһͽͨ
ͬʱҵҲ½˴δжȫԼӹܺرͨ
˽ͩūֻūĲġ
һȥˣһ˾޴Ͳ˱鲼½֡
Բλ൱˳֤һ᲻ܿûܵⲿɧš
Сɢ޵õ˻ķֺͰıԼˡ
ͩҲ˵õ˴Ըӳ֡
Զǵ֮ͩ󣬸ܵԸޱȵؼչأ뱾ҸԸΪ𣬽
ʱշİ֣ͩڹ빹ʱոʱʵҲڲʱմ
ڴͬʱָӣʼԲδƻᳯ½չ
ţһǷǳ˼ɺ޵ģΪÿһ½伴˺ȦӡֻǿϧԲλıɽ̫ǿڴƻûͷǵϷ
ҳΪۼ֮󣬾ͱǰ⡣
ΪΪƽԼۼҵķչ涨ۼӵȺķݶȴӪ

ͩʱմĸֳĿƫƫʵʵڣҸ䡷Ȼ˫Ԫ屦䡷ҲΪʥУɵѧٶȵڳˡ
ͩԾٶȥǧңܹ֮ۡڣԽΪƽ۷壡
һ㵽˶۵ΪͿˡ
˵˥Ϊ޿Ľ֮ߣΪ˵˥ǳ⣬ɽٵҪƮ죬ΪΪ׼ûй̶ʱ䣬ûκηӡ
ʲôʱûĸɽܹԤϵõ
ͩĴм䣬ЩĴм䣬ͩһʱմʱ°빦
۷嵽Ľ۷壬˵˥֮١
ֻΪԽǿ˥ٵԽǿҪɽ֮Լȥˡ
һ˵˥ɹ˵˥Ϳʼˡ
ԣһԣɵʿطֵĻѡһʱ䣬ΪﵽĽ׵ˮƽ֮ȥɽ١
ûطʿɾ͵ùˣֻͱȥɽ٣£ʹǵ˥Ҵ˹ȥҲԴ˥ע˻һ˥֮ϡ
ͩΪ˴м䣬֪˵˥һĽɵΪͻһֲܿƵٶȷ·Ұһ㣬ȫܿƵ
̶ʱ֮ھֵܹ۷ľ硣
ֲԻӰͷ·ɳ̲ϵĳǱһʱܵ

ʱ򣬾ͻֳҪԡ
Ӷ۶ɹ˵˥Ľ۶ɹ˵˥֮ڻȻǺ߸Ӽʵۺ
Ȼ⣬еʿѡۣ׻Ľ׾ȥɽ٣ȴ쳣͵˵˥ɡ
еʿڶʱ˳ضɹ˵˥еȡѽ綨˭˭
ܱ֤ʱɹ˵˥ʿһܶɹ˵˥
Ҳܱ֤Ľʱɹ˵˥ʿһܹɹ˵˥
ʵϣ֮ʿܹﵽ˵˥ڶܹ࣬ɹ˵˥ߣһ
ţһŵĳɷҲûС
ǻԶ֮ʱڵݡ
߾ˣµʱʼûһƾɵѣ벽ߵһЩ
ճΪۼҵϼ壬Ȼ֪۵̣һ̬شɢԴ˴ơ
һ㣬עϼĴСǴ۾ô£ûһϼ㣬ŽۼҾطչҵ
һЩƵĵۼңǼ۵һ̶֮ҲһЩƵĴҵԲһ㵱ҵӪġ
Ҫ֪ϼڴҵϵͶ൱巢չͣȻͶԴǼƷԴֻһЩԴҲܲסӴ󰡡
ۼûӪȺԼԼӪһЩСӪÿ궼ҪɹĻԴԼöܲأ˵ˡ
ҵãɹԴٷųȥ
Ⱥ߲ҵ൱߿ģôĿʲôǵĴҵûа١
ʿҲ٣вһЩûûзҲ˸ıˡ
ʵһĴٽãϾԽԽá
ʵôһؿЩġ
ҪȻ󳬼Ҳÿһʱѡһųרˡ
ҵĴҵڲţָˣֻһЩְҵûеԲλٶȡ
ܵԲλԽԽ࣬Ըͩۡ


507  ڿ
ԴǣĴѡһοѡÿһΣŶУѡߵǰǧ缯
󳬼ٰ졣
һֵӶˡ
Դߵһ۾̨ϣվλꡣ
Ӣ벻ξȻҴӡ
ŶӢһ£վ˫ûκν࣬עҲϸ˫ۣ˸Ĺâ
Ϊѣľϰ˰Ӣ磬ʣһֳʱڲ¡
ȺСһǵ갡ľҲûӢһҲսʱƽʱǰ˳ʶڲأʶ˴
һμʮȥˣ±仯һյĸо
ľ״˿̵ľʮָӣлꡢͬʱмԺ
ûдԺȺСһһСʮȥˣѾΪΪ˴ѡεӡ
ŶӢػش
СܸܲҸķӦľʮƵʵ
Ӣʶջص֣תͷ˶ľһۣ˵ҪʲôӦͩѾΪۣѾôԶٲŬʱ׷ϣ
ľ˸ˣͩǿʶ΢ĩ֮ʱͬһ½磬ϵͩı̬ѹһţ׷ϵûС
˵ʵڵģľ׻ǷǳӢģһﵽڻ׷ò˵־ˡ
ȣӿûǻһһɡľ׳̾һ

˵һſ˶ˣ˵һλǿڿΡľ̾
ôܣ˭ӢҲȵˡ
Ϊǿ߸߸ϣȺ۷ǿߣƮһ㲻Ⱥ¡
ΪİӢͶľ׶жλۡ
ǿߣƶˣССѡһ־ӣᾪǿߣ
٣֪С£һȥͩɣⲻǴչľҡͷ˵
Ϊͩϵ׽Ҳʶ˲߲㣬üϢҲͨ
У˵ͩԶŽٶȿģûбҪȥȣߺǵÿһˣ򲻴ﰡľȰ˵
ðɣҵǺλ۵ʲôΡӢջʶתͷش
Ҳǣʱ򲻾֪ඡľ׵ͷ˵
һҽǧӱǽڲ֮죬պֻҪ䣬϶ԳΪ
ǧűƽ磬ӢͶľҲ˴ӿһص硣
֮Уľ˵Сһǣӭ磬ǿԳƺΪХϡ˵ֵ꣬ǧָ⣬ϢӡԺ֮С
ȵһЩѶϢ֮󣬶ľ׻֮ʹǧ˳ھǲԶĴˡ
Сһǣǽǰɡľ״һں߽ǡ
űߵȻǻǵľһųʱ

ϤĹ㳡ΰĵ񣬶ľһһΪЩǽš
ȻѵӪƽƵ֮е㳹ɡ
ÿĴӿʵ൱ɣõȺ׵㲢١ʵݣ֪жҪ
һ£ǸǱʵһΡ
ǧſʼ˽ŵѧϰ֮С
޵۹ͩչڡ
߽֮ͩУ˵үڿεʱ䵽ˡ
ͩͷӦã֪ˡ
ͩıڵ۹֮һֱչزĿҲǰ׷ѵģڴڶ۵۷壬ͻƵֻ벽ѡ
ҵķչһֱͣ״̬ҵԴڴҵԸͩط൱ϲ˵ġ
ΪռԸͬʱҲΪǿĵ̣ͩһʱһزᣬѧͨԼȻ޳һĴУۡ䷽ΪһġʮƷߡ
ͩԼȻóƵһˮƽϣȴǵһ
ж
ͩӵʥĴУһϵˮƽԿһ
ʮƷߣǶӦͨ鱦ѡ
ͩ˵ͨ鱦ʲô־Ϳơ
ͩһЩʱʮƷߡҪΪͩڲĺĿƼۡ
ΪʲôһԪƼˮ׼ͣƷߵżϣ޷õͻƣ
ҪƼûеõĽչ

߿ƼҲǼ̳֮һЩУܹͩݽ겵ۣʮƷߡ
һڿξɢӣ󱲵һֳԡ
ʮƷߵĳ֣ƼһҪȴһʱܹ쵽ġ
ͩ˴ΪһĴڿҲǵõ˶۵ָʾݸûҪ
ͩҲóʱúõسΪΪͻ׼
ʵܹͩͻ׵ƿֻΪ˻۸һЩΪ˵˥֮Ϊ׼ûͻơ
˥ӵʱ仹м꣬ʱ仹ܳ㣬üͻơ
⼸ͩ÷ǳƽǱ޲һзձ⡣
ʧһλǿߣտʼʱڵúʱţһЩС⵽˳֮֮⣬ҲͲ֮
Ĵ£ֻҪ鲻ȷʵ֤ݣҲϵù
ΪĿƼۣƷ˲ԭۣһЩϱѧ˵Խܵġ
ԣͩûеõϲĴƹ㣬ֻʵԵСΧƹ㣬һеǳ˵
ѡеǣɾõѧϰΪǻᣬҲǿǱҲ
Щ˵һڿΣǿѵһĻԵϵڱĺ¡
ѡ˹֮Ƶһǧţ˵֮⣬ǿѡصĿγ̣ǿΪǴҵڿΡһ˵ģΪ˸õǣϲ㽫һλǿ԰һſγ̣ƼǣûȤȥһ¡


508  ʮƷߵռ
һƵȻرżɣûнͷȴԵؾȡ
ǿʲô
λ˵ǿߣĶһ涼ѡ
߸ϵǿھȻڿΣΣҲȥһС
ڿεʱʮ֮еռϿαǡƵ˵
ǽŶѵĿʼˡ
ǵٸ죬˵ĵһת۵㣬ͬʱҲ̤ǿ֮·׶Ρ
һʮҪһˣôһȻʧͺԺкܸߵĳɾˡ
ͩһţǧţֻҪȻܹͻƵ񾳽磬ǳɾȴиߵ֮֡
еľһнλһҲдеȴܹ۵Ǳ
ʱúܿ죬εʱ䵽ˣͩǵһΪڿˣǰͩڵĶǷ¿γ̣һνڵȴ¿Ŀγ̡
Ȼ߿Ҳ漰ãܹƤë˵Ҳӡ

ϣͩӰڳڽ̨ǰ
߿ҶİҶֻ֪Ʒߣ߿ƼķչƿֹǰҿǿƼϵȱݡͩ˵ͣͣ˵ŻѪ߿ƼĺۣʮƷߣֻûеõϺռǾõ߿ȥȡʮƷߡۿһţӵѶһȨޡԴ˵ȤҲûйϵ
֪֮ͩҪ൱츳ûⷽ츳ѧҲǰѧ
γ̽еú˳ֻͩ𽲿ΣѧûѧԼ£ⶼҲѧˣҲ˷ʱ䡣
ֻͩ»֣һпʱ֤ʵ
ͩҪⷽ棬ٸѣգ֮͹ȥˡ
ֵǲˣͩת
ϽҪͻۣ
һٶλ۳ڣҲһ׺Ͷ׼
ףʹڣλȻһ¥ͬʱҲ

ͩԼĵ۹֮У֮еĺԪ׳ĬĬػš
۾磬һ׽ײ̫ѣ׽׿ɾͼΪˡ
ڣڣ۷ƿпһһԪ
ԣֵӡ
ͩʱںϵ򣬾Դﵽ˽ı׼ǲ˵ﵽ˱׼һܹͻơ
ۼͻƼԪ֮ǰһ磬ͬʱҲҪĵ׶Ρ
ԣһ磬ÿһ㼶ͻƶҪʵĻͬʱҲǶǰоһܽͿ顣
֮ǰĻʵô۽׶εĽͻԵüޱȡ
ͩĻûʲô⣬ÿһߵüȣҲ൱ʵ
Ϊ˵˥֮Ŀ飬ͩòٶȷ۵ø񣬻ԽʵԽá
ͩذԪ˳һֿ̬֮޷
Ԫÿתһ죬һ֣һ֣ʵһ֡
״̬ͩ߰꣬˿ûͣٵ˼
·𱩷ǰƽ
ʵϣͩ˿ֻҪһͻ״̬ڵĻ۳ߵľ硣

Ȼ֮䣬һεϳһ˿
ͩˮһƽԪܵ˴̼Ȼ֮òӿ
ԪתٶҲ֮ԽԽ졣
ͩڵó棬س
ⲿֶʼһεϡ
ֳĲͻζ
ʱ˿̣ǿʿԪʱʱոﵽ׼£һϲŻ֣ʼζ
Ǵ֮еĻۣԪġ
ԽãȻԪҲԽߡ
ΪʲôõĹ׷ΪֻйԽãߵòܸԶ
ͩĹȻöᣬڵʱԿλеһ
̵ĻԪĻۡ
ͩһȱ
ڣͩȻ֮ӿһĨ
һ̱
Х̣
۵ľ̰ӹȻûеסοֲĳȻ̮
ֻͩһˬڵһ࣬ɸԪ綼õ˸
ۣͩ˳ͻˡ
ͩΪ֮һɣʼΪ磬ΪòȫעԷֳˡ

޵۹գͻȻһӴУ˳вǿߵע⡣
һֱǵĶվڳ̨ϣԶУ̾ÿ죡ͳˣ;СӰԶ֮Ȼǿ󡣿ϧʱ֮ռ
ۣ
ۣǿ
ȻѵһĳţͻƵٶǳ񡣡

һǿΪ֮̾𾪺Ľ
ͩۻȥǧʱ䣬ֻ̾ǧꡣ
һŵĳɳŸոտʼͩµӻ޷
˾繮̵ͩ뱾Ҹεʱհ塣
ʱĴ˥ٽٻң̫ˡ
꣬¸ͻƵĽˣҲôﵽ۷岢㹻Ľ׵Ļ۲Сͩ״̬̾
ҲãͻƵĽ֮ȥɽ٣ʵ̫󣬶ɲҷ𡣻۷ɽٰɣոһЩ˵Ĵ˥֮ȡַʽֲˡͩһתЦ

ʮƷصõһʦϿɣұƳ
ߣֻܹƾƷߵľƷʦбƳ
ʮƷĳ̶ֳϣѾܹͨ鱦һ̥鱦ֲִָĿƼ
ִƼʽּܹشﵽ
ΪƷʦʦҪöࡣ
һʮƷߵۺʵһ޴
Ͼֻ֮һﵽͨ鱦ĿƼ
Ŵ۷ٿȺһٿ
ͩѵϯ
֮ͩ󣬲ŷλһ󻯵Ļ飬ϯĲֻۼ𣬷ϵĴڶܹϯ
ᣬͩǵһ
Ϊƽʱķչ۾ģµĴڣ˰ŵ⣬Ψһ
󻯵ᣬ۵ĶǷǳҪϵȺչش¼
ЩλϯҲֻķݣûзȨġ
᳡ʽʽλλ߲Σұڸǣ˸һ㾿жλǿߣֻԼһȺӰ

֮ǰһҪǾʮƷߣҵõ֤֤мռԣǵ⣬һۣǷȫռԨλߡ
ˣӵּ֮⣬޸ĿƼۣȫռʮƷߡۻش
ʲô
˻棿
ôǲ֪
һЩţյ壬ֻһ֧Ҳһ֧ͬʱҲ෢չϣ
һ֧ȺһֱھŴ۷۵֮·չţλһ֧ٹڵչֻṩӻѡ
֮֮ĵڶԪʼķչһֱǲȡַʽķչΪ˱֤ԣһЩƵԴ⣬һжԼ
ͬʱҲһԴ䡣
ǵʽÿһԪһλԪ֮֡
Σڲꡣ
ǣⲻ߲ûпˡ
ʵϣ֮һô⻰ˡ
ս
ÿս׼Ȼԥؿս

дģ˼͸ռ´ּ⣬Ҷ۸ߵۺͱش
ǿ֤׻ȸλ۷۶֤
λ۷Ѿ״̬ǲȺֱӹϽȴ£λԪ֮ϵ
ͬʱλҲʱͨһط⽵ڣΪʱС屣ݻġ
ĬĬ˽ػ׳󣬼ر
Ϊط⽵ڣͻƼԪĿ޽ӽ㣬ԺСС
ϽܽǿߣһӵΪȺĬĬеΰ٣ֵߵľء
ԣλ۷ߵġ
λȻ£ӰԲСӣڳеǿ߶ǵĺ󱲡
ãȻˣ۽ʽȷռʮƷߣ񣬻䴫λϣλܹӲŬɡԨ۷ǳɴ
ԭǳҪһô׵ؾˡ
Ҫ֪ڴ֮ǰÿһᣬ۸ʮϣΪһٶλۣҪЩڵ뷨ͲһС¡

һȷ֮󣬳ִ൱Ѹٵġ
󳬼ѸٴӸ߲㴫ŸľƷʦһʮƷߡ
ϵͳǱߣƼ۵޸ġۿμӿֲȵȡ
жϵ磬µ཮ûĸλӺ͵ġ
ΪȺ֮ϣһλǶ֪ˣ֮´ģĸа㵡Ͳ
۵޸ĺƣǿʮƷߣܹƼһδԾʿ棬ͨķͬΪϵչƣʹзõһøĳɾ͡
ͨĿƼˮƽͬõ޴ͨ޷ֻƼǿ
ǧҪСͨĿƼչ
ΪĳҼԪʱвֻһƼӹһμԪֻء
Щ֮УûһǿѣֻǿﵽµǿƼˮƽﵽӳ׳ѼԪ
ΪСֻܹмʣµͨȻȻƼķչⲢ֡


509  
ǣ֮ǵģԴΪģϰ۹ų
˭Ҳ֪ǾŶǿߣȻֻһλ򣬵ΪģԲô򵥡
֮ǾʱΪȫĳ֮һ
ĬĬ֮ĶۺȻ֮ʲôһ㣬վ߳˾ңճ칫֮
ƽ֡
һƽŶˣ˵ʦкηԸ
ȥ⣬ͩӽ쵽ˡλϷԸ
ǣʦƽ
ڼ֮˳ǰĬĬȺš
һͩƵ˹
ƽͩӰи̾ͩΪѧʱѾǸ߸ϵˡ˭뵽գ֮䣬겻ԭ̤ͩȻѾվ۷壬Ϊΰ֮ۡ
޴ˡƽֿͩߵǰ
ƽˣĳҶġͩҲûжຮֱ
·ʦ֮ӭˡʦѾȺʱˡƽͩһ
·ɣҪöõˡ̬ͩ

ƽͩ˳İ칫ң˵ʦ޴ˡ
ɡ۵˳
ƽƿһ̬޴ˣ롣
̤ͩ˷䡣
ƽţȻ뿪ˡ
ֵͩߵ˿˵ԭ֪һ
Ǻǣ֪ʣһܹҵĶĿ𣿲˵Ŀģҵǲ֪Ц
̧֮ͩ䣬ͷųһ硣
бҪôСĽ𣿡˵ôܱ͵ҲûΪЩϰʹȻͩǵһǰôˣҲһ
ҽ֮ΪٶȽչ⣬жζûдﵽʱҴ˸ǣҪͩ˵
ޣڵݸò򱨸ɣûʱգգ۾̾
ʵϣһٶλۣеۻⷽ棬ǵȥˡ
ԣͩҪߣ㱨Ͼڴҵȵġ

ûҵ˼ҪߣȴߵϢϣȻһֱǻ˵཮֮ڣͩ˵
ۻȻ˵ʲô˵ˡͩ˶ĿȻͼֵͩؼ֮ʱɲͩ
ͩ˵ҲûʲôֻһЩ֣ӡ֤һѧһƽһ¹ʣҲиڳ֤
ˣһؿڵСӣӲСǹؼʱ򣬲ú֮ǲͬˡ
˵ͬǿ߽֮⣬ʲô취ҵΪõͩʵ
ȷʵˣͩڵһһֻͬһս
аգ۲ûֱתʵ
ģܹɵߵڣһʲôҲ׼ç򣿷ı󶯣ס˵ˣֻ̤;һ·նˣͩ͵
ͩ޵ɵ·˥ȥһƴһѣľֻеˡ

ҲգȻѾҲҼʱ׼һһ¾ǡۿ˵
ҪڸͩٺףҪڸǵ˽֪ǾЩѶˣҪһЩ׼
ˣǳ཮֮綼Եİ֪ʲôõȥָһ¡ͩ˵
ޱߣҲδȫ˽⣬ۼĸֶĵطһ⣬ȥ̫ˡһһؾ۽ܵ
λ½һ½ƺ֮䣬һȺްػţۼǿߣ̤ϴ˵
ϵĻҲǼΪӣΣյǣǿԲעҲСǣɷϣԴḻɹżд󷨡ɱ׵Ķ߽ҲûС
֮ԳΪ̫ˣĸȺҲ̲ڹؾκʿܹȥѰԵ
ȺӿУ棬Լǧٹֵ塣

Ⱥвǿдȥؼ֮ʱҲиӦҲ˵ۿ˵
ͩһ£ϸ˼
ԭֱȥĦ޴½۴սһܵĻնɱۡ
ǣһȥҪһλۿɾඡ
ͩҲòȷʵһѳֶУҲ֣ͬʱܹѰЩջǣ
ͩϸ˼Ƭ̣ǾǰȥĻûбҪʲô˶ĿĶˡ
ΪĦ޴½ĵ̣ǹؾ
ȥĦ޴½ͩҪ֤أûǸҪˡ
ͩõļͼϣȻֱ̳
ͨͩܿ͵½ӽıԵ
ʣµ·ֻ̾пԼˣûдˡ
ͩΪһ⣬ɳ½һͷ޾ƺһʧ١
ԽƺҪǿķУһƫ˺ǲɾرˡ
ƺ֮УЩط޳ûЩĶģСӡǿߣ۽֡

ʮͩΧ޳ûĵ̡
࣬ʵƺ֮ûǻֻۣбܡ˵ľûκοõļֵ
Ŀǰ˵ûĸȺⷽĿƼ
޵鶼ºͣ㲻ǣһǲġ
Ҳ⣬˵ΧȺǵ͵Ⱥ
ͩɲ뱻Щ޲ϣֱʱٿűȥ
Ѿɱʱͩı֮Ҳд˱ͩеһİ
ʱ·һ·ֱײɹȦһޱֵĴء
˵ǵ죬ʵ½Ԫ½
ֻ½ԣľһˡ
ΪСΪ˼ʵϵ
֮ͩ󣬾ʱ
ó˵ͼͶλǣȷʵԼڵķλ֮ͩͳһзȥ
ôķչһЩƽĵɸʿԷγһķУԻͨޡ
֯ЩеģһЩݺĳǿߡ

ǣܲͨŸ
ֻٲȺͨţŴ󳬼֮Уֻ塢塢ͨš
ľռ䡣
֮ͩ󣬵ûϵͬǿߡ
ϣû˸ҷɵ̫죬ڷ֮ʱҲʱ̾衣
ͩɵһƬĻϿա
ʱǰɫɵ÷ٶȡ
ЩһСޣɢŵâ
ϸһЩޱȣ
֪֮䣬ͩȻԾؽ˸߶ȡ
ڴʱͩȻ֮оԾȻ֮ѡ
ʱͩѾһĸ߶ȡ
˫ۣϸһơ
ĻԾȻǿֲʳ
ʳʮµֲڰλֲﲻʿҲֲǻ飬ǵֲ
ȴΪʳڣʳĿꡣ
ǿɢһ͹⣬ܹﲻ֪֮ǵ֮Уֱ
棬ֻΪѵһһ㶼ѡ
ȴһƬʮϡ
ѹͩǿҲ᲻Ծ֮䱻ˡ

ͩθ˷и߶ȣһҲСЩļһ
Ҫ֪ͩԡ־Ҳ˵ЩΣԿ֪ˡ
ԣͩ˵ʳһȺͻһֿµİѪ䡣
ʳĪѪ䡣
˷ǱʳҪµĶ
ϾʳֲֻֻܶҪ㲻ԶͲ̫Σա
ѪȴĿ棬롢ˮ֣̺֮һĶأ˶Էе֮˥߽޽⡣
ֲֿҲûбĵطǾѪۣ֮ЧͩҪı֮һ
Ҳֱ
Ѫۣտռ佻ƽ̨ĵȼ֣ױ
ǣҪɼѪȴס
һѪķ䳲ȻڻĻ֦ϣʳĿֲԲǴģһ뻨ԣҪǼǲܵˡ
ѪȺĹҲСӡѪķ䶾ڷ֮˥ûнҩֻӲͺͩɷ֮˥һ㣬Ϊ¡ǿȥˣҲ÷ˣ̮³

ȻҪɼѪ۵İ취Ҳ٣򵥵ľǳɱӲ䳲֮ȥɼ
ͩǡҪ
ƵǣѪ۵ǳʱ
һһΡ
ͩէò׼ʱ䡣
ͩҲûֱӷԲ̽һ
ڸ߿գͩʼѰѪ䣬ֵǣͩһʱҲûҵǵټ
ֻͣһûѪȺǼΪġôһƬʳԣûѪ
ôֻеڶͲܳˡ
ǾѪȫ鳲ˡ
Ѫȫ鳲ʹѪƳ֮УѪ䶼ص䳲֮ۺػ䳲ȫˡ
ͩʼѰʳڡ
ʵܺңһʳλڻԵġ
Ȼ֮䣬ͩ뵽һؼ⣬ǾѪۼεʱû죿
ͩʹɵء˷ΪΪԹߣԴ˽ǶȲ鿴֮һжǶ̽
ʮңأ
ͩĴһڱ˿ͩȷһ


510  
ͩ۾һɣӿһ⣬Ϊھп˾Ƭ֮⣬вʮλӰţû
Щһһһڿռļз֮Уһ˿Ϣûй¶óķͲ̽ҺͩõǾء
õǴӳֱ֮Բ֮ڵؽṹ˵ǲڿռз֮Уǲڶɱ֮У糾һ㣬Ҳܹͬ
ͬʱͩҲҵѪ䳲ڡ
λڻĵһþ޴ʳ洦֮ңѹͩ˰Ҳûš
ңƬ֮Ҳͩ
ҪõѪۣ»治һ׵ˡ
ͩһ£뿪˵ء
뵽˴ͩͷҲص뿪Ƭ
ͩĵؼԦʱ˻
ͬһߣȴš
ͩڱҲ֪ҪȶãϣҪ̫òźá
ΪͩҲ֪Ѫ۾ʱŻ
ȻѾмʮﰵǱΧôʱ䲻̫ǡ

һȣʮ죬Ҳ½ʮꡣ
ʮʱ䣬ͩ˵̫Щ֮ۼǿ˵ʮͷ·һļ϶ѡ
ͩȵЩˣȻʮʱ䲻̫ͩĶЩĴǿΪʱͩ˵ֽ׶λ൱ġ
ʮ꣬ͩѾЩȲˡ
ҪѪ۵ĹЧ̫죬ͩ˵Ǽĵر
۵ķٶʵ̫ǿޣЧʵڲ㲻ͩҪ
Ҳͩԭڡ
ȻԸʱں֮ǱȽ˳ϣͩҲҪ
Ѫ㣬ҲͩΪʲôӵʮԭ
ڣһĻ˱仯
еʳͻȻ֮䣬ջſĻ꣬һ֦֦Ƕ䣬ʼɢһζ
ˮϣͩԿЩǶһƵɫЩ˳ϿʼĻۣʣµĴɢ
ɢٶȳͩûãӿ

ûãͩƽ⣬ɳϸһԭȺ
Ĺޣǲǵľ
ȺȺӣΪɹֱۣԼ
ңͩڷȺ񱼣ҲȺ
ûһȺͳ˹Ȼ޷˵س˻
вʳ̤ΪƽأͬģҲޱʳ׽̵ˡ
ȻЩȺǱģȺ뻨֮չɱ
սֲֲпᡣ
ڻСͬʱȺĹģҲСš
ȥƺ˫ˣɱһǧ˰٣ʧء
ʵϣȴȫġ
ʮ꣬ͩҲо˲ʳϡ
֣ͩʳ֣ûлڵĻЩʳǸΪģͳ
ǣһˣôеʳΪĸͨƽʳһϵĲ۶ͨ
˵ͨʳԿǻķǸһġ
ʳʳ൱ʳʳġ
ʳӪ㹻£Էֳγһµʳ
ƬܾܿʳԼɢȥĽΪԼ͸Χز׽
̬̫ˣһ֦һƬһ壬İ档

ԣʵʳʧû˼Ⱥĵʳʳ֡
ͩԼѪ۵˵ΧļСһٺò飬ҪӽʳҲ׵ùˣѶȴؽˡ
֮ǵȵѪȺƴܾ֮󣬵õѪ۵ѶȿɾСöˡ
ͩʱؽӽŷ䳲˶ɱ֣ȫ治⡣
ڴͬʱͩʩչأʱͩע⵽ˣʮλԼͬĿġ
һ⣬Ҳӵжɱ
ͩʽ׶Σûмͬӵжɱͩ죬Ҳ㲻ϵɱɱɱҲõɾǲѰһɱ
ɱ֮ϡ٣ɼһߡ
ͩѡΪֱ̫ȼ֮ˡ
Ҫˣͩһɱûš
ʵ֪ͩӵжɱʿûжɱʿݵλ֮
ɱۼҲֻٲ־ӢӵС

ЩӵжɱˣҪôǻԵͩҪǿ˶Ҫôݱǿʿ
˵Ŵ󳬼ʿǿԴȺ֮жһɱʹá
Ҫôʵǿ󣬴ӱ¶ɱĴڡ
ǿڣǡ
Ϊܹ¶ɱʹų쳣ǿʵ
ôܸɵӵжɱʿ
ͩصҪͬʿжһɱԺСõҲֻЩƷ͵Ķɱ
Ⱥʮ죬ɢɢȥȺҲʳû
ȴСٷ֮ʮ
úֵʳһȫñǰǿ󡣶Щ֣ҲһṩѪ䳲ġ
ѪΪֵȺҲ˴롣
ͩҲƵѪ䳲ǰ
䳲ʼı仯Ȼ·һ㣬һͣһ˻ȥͷ·ڷʲôһ㡣
òҲ֪Ƿ䳲ʳõɱ¾֡
˴ŰӣһѪӷ䳲

·һźһ㣬ڴʱʮӰͻȻ֣䳲˹
һ䳲ն룬¶ķ׳ԼһſŻƶСѪɫ塣
⾧ѪۣѰ۵Һ״Ǿ״
ͩûʱһȣ
ʱٿž屻ʱ֣˲䱻˱Ҫ֪һ³ѪۣҲǧŶѡ
ͩһӵõ˴ٶţʮλֶָΣõǧšǶǳĬûʩΪ
ڴͬʱϰٵݹ⳯߳ٵԶǶ
Ŀͩȵһӽ䳲ˡ
ЩĿȷǵأʵʶرܿʳ
ΪⲿѹЩһֵĸֲŻĬö٣ܱȱһȺ۵ļһǲϣֻòʧ
ҴѪȺֳ֣һַһسͩˣһ׺ݵسΧһȺߡ
ʮ֮ŵѪۣһʮλӵжɱĸ֣ߺһɢȥ

еĻΪԦɱವһɳ˰ΧȦ
е˶ɱʧټ
еǻΪһݹ⣬ƿնȥ
е˺˿ռ䣬Ȼ˽ȥʧ١
ͩǸɴ෢ʱնݣƿ۵ռ䣬һ㣬һ㡣˴ѾԶ뻨ǧ֮ң
ͩƿװ˶Ѫۣ졣
а̾ˣסٺ١ҿʮꡣȻΪһؾþдջ񡣶ңʶ˶ǿߡ
ͩʱſ˹
Ҫ˵·ʱЩ㡣
ٶϵĲ࣬Ǳ߶ϡ
ɱʱΪԵʣʹıʹҪٵö࣬ǱʹϵȷɱҪöˡ
ĵطͩɲдַָܹﵽƽƣȻٺòˡ
ͩȶʱ
ͻȻ䣬ͩһԵͣסΡ
һնϢƿռ䣬
ͩǲͣΣ¾ͻᰤһ
ͩ㾪һ亹ձܹһ٣Ҫˣϡ

Ȼ֮䣬ΧȻ仯һƬޣž䡣
ɱ
ֵһ֣һҲûС
ͩҲſɱˮ£
ײҵǣֵɱҲϵɱģˮһɹؼ˶ֵɱͬʱҲάס˾棬ûг·硣
ͩȫװ
ɣѵܲʹңͩ򶨵˵
࣬Ȼ֡Ӧʶɣһ˫ͷˣ忴ȥǿ׳ޱȣֳһ޴
ۣͩ½һλۡǰ˴Ѷ˵Ҫرעرա벻챻Ҹײˡһͷ޴ĶǾһؼ汸սף˫һƬѪؿͩе˷֮ɫΡ
٣ԭ¶һλ۰òò˫ͷȻǸ̾ȴ̺һ㡣
ͩգգۣͨ飬õ˫ͷϣԭһ
˫ͷʳħһ壬Ԫϵ֮һУΪʳڵһŵʱ򣬱ȫ塣ֻʣ´èСèֻ

Ԫ
ⷽ涼ڻ֮ܶʼ
ÿһʱ򣬶в졣
ͬʱϵһ壬еĻޱǿеĻᵮһԪûС
Ⱥ֮ˣŵȱ㶼൱
Ҫ˵УģĪͳˡ
һԪڣʳħһⷽݻɱ෢չ塣
ʷأ໹ûȫǿĳڣ֮ս˵൱ңܴ󡣼ѵرסûбʳħһɱ
ΪСԵʣںױжɱ
һɹ˳ڵļ£ӵе࣬չͻͽͲʳħһԱġ
ƴչһ壬ҪԼƼҪԼۡȵϻԻԪȺ
Ǳȫ˦ˡ
ΪͳʵѵȺʳħȺޱȵӣʵչһĽ׶Σƴ˷չٶȽͣҲþȫʳħȺ
ӻϣ׶Ͼǵ己


511  ۼһԶ
벻Ȼһֻʳħ۵ľ磬ȻֻһۣҲǿߣСӡ
ҴӸղŶݵĽϿԷֱóʳħ۵ʵȽҪǿöࡣ
˵һ׳εۣôʳħ۾Ǵһ۷ۡ
ͩеֵͷ
ۣ壬ߴڶ䣬׳εΪ൱ϵһλǿߣΪ۵ʱԶܹͩȵġ̱Ȼɲ⣬ݺ꣬ϵǿҲ֪ж٣ϵǿҲһˡ
ٺ٣ƺǴӻǱܹòѪ˰ɣʳħ۲²Ȼҿ϶Ǽԭһ׷Źɣ
Ȼɱλ½żѪ۵ջ۹Ȼؾ֣
һȫװĶɱʾ۵ǿ̡
Ϊƽʱʵı־ɱĸߵͺʹˡ
Ȼطǿ
Ȼͩһɱ䱸֮£ҲԵμ׾ˡ

۾Ƿͬһ㣬ɱһףǿӵеǿװ
ΪɱϡкĿ̣ǿġԣɱÿһλǿǿ
ֻǶɱȻɱҪ࣬Ⱥʿ˵Ҳȫ㡣
ԣӵһɱʵҲݵ
ϵװװؼ汸
ڴͬʱʳħҲͬȫװ
ͩһжɲԴ
ãʳħ۵װͲöˣȻֻеȷɱһϵȼɱƺˡ
óʳħҲȫΣҲۼҲ˼һװ
ЩŶȲϡ
Ҳ౦֮УƷɱ٣Ҳûд󷽵ظĵ
ᴫڡ
ǱǿҲһĵ
Ҫչ嶼һȷĿģǾҪԼƾȥҡ
⿿ȺϱĵҲԡ

ϣһ
ʳħۺԥسͩգۼͩͷΧľˮһ¡

ըԵһԵؽΧʱѣȻͩµľ
¶ͩıڡ
һֱȺʱۣ׼ᣬѪһһɫĹâӿֱͩȥ
һ
ڴͬʱʳħѾ嵽ͩߣĬޱȵ趯һûֱӹͩΪͩεΧڣ޷۵Ĺ
ͩľͱʳħ۵һиԭأʱ֮޷ѡ
ڴʱµаѾǰ
ͩ۵ĹһҲ˽⣬Ҳ֪һԲӲ
ԹԹ
ǣ
һɫӽӭ۵а⡣
âײ˶ʱ֡
ʳħ۲ûзſͩΧǼԻһסͩж
һλһܹ˾׵ʱշӡͩλ۶ֻܱԭأ޷ƶ
һλʱںʳħ۵ͬ۵Ļ»ᱻȫӡסһϢðɣ
һϢ㹻ֳ֮ʤˡ

ʵ֪ͩǣʳħһ츳һƣʳħֻһ۷ۣǰʵ൱ڶ۵ļ
ͩѹ֮мӴࡣ
аȻѹ˼ǣͩ
ͩҴ⣬ʽһ䣬һʽнתܷ֮
Ľ֮Уֻеһ±仯࣬ɹɷ仯
γɵĽܵ۵Ĺ
ֻ̽Եĵһѡ
һ֣ͩҲ˽⵽ֵǿ£Ա߻һϺȵʳħۣͩĺȡʤ
ü֮£ͩòó汾¡
һѹȫͷſ
ǿѹһ磬ʳħ۶ɱܵǿѹӰ죬סͩʱշӡҲʼɶ
òӱάס˾档
ֻأͩģ˲伤еһʳħۣһӳ
סͩʱշӡն飬ƣֱʳħ۶ȥ
ʳħزһĿֲ
˺ѷΰؿһС
·ڸԼһ㡣
ԥȼ壬ƴذԼǿķطʩչ
ҲͩһĹ죬ԲܷͩʳħۣҲʩչȫΧκԡ

߾ߣԳٶȴԶ嵽ͩǰͷϵĶǺسͩ
ǿɲȻģ׶ɱǿ㡣
ͩȻöɱֱ壬æˣͬʱؽס۽͵Ϯʽһ
ϧȻ۱ͩͩʳħۻӳڶһȴĿꡣ
ֻͩؽʩչԽԽշˣնɱʱֻؽ
ͬһ
һȴǺ̻֮ȵ
ʵ޻Ľڴʳħ۵Χ£ػؿڡ
ֲ鷢ˡ
Ŀ֮ͻȻ
ֲֻг֣һʡ
ʳħ۱ʩֻУҽ֮Ϣ
µУзǳֲ۲㱻Уߵޱȣ˳
еͷ֮Żɢ
ʳħѾԶʧֻʣ¼ɱɢܡ
ЩɵˣղŻʳħ۾Ȼգ֮ûˡ
ôܣ
þһǻþ
ţһλۣȻôûˡλֻһһۣҲô׾ͱɱɣ

λ֮ۡǿǿߵ֮еߣôܱ˸ɱ
Ҫʲôܹ˸ɴظɵһλ
һЩ
ͩʱҲɵ־壬ĵһӦܡ
ܣôףͩһһסۡͬʱͷų򣬸жҷӡΧʱգ޷ƿնӡ
۸սΪͩʵ̫ˣȥʵƽƽ벻Ȼϻ
μܹͩ·ӡߵһνˡ
ǣͩһ⣬׼ȷסܵķ
㣬϶㣬ӦУ۷Ӧ˹ڽڲһλ½۸֣׷ɱĳСĹ֮ʧġ
Ϊ˴󶯸ɸ꣬꣬Ҳûһʵ֤ݣֻһЩпյĲ롣֮һָ˵ʱųͩ
뼫ףΪû˻ţŽõͩնɱ۲Ŷʵ̫ɾˡ

죬û֤ݣһ̰ͩϷ֮ɫǿȴһ˵
Ȼ㲻ϷߣǱ۾ͺƴˣݺ꣬Ҳһ൱оϵǿߣȻӲԺ͵ƴˣߣҪ±ۣ͵и۵汳׼
ϻĳɲŴҪĳ汳ʵСͩһ˵
ͩ˿ѹطȫ
ԵظоѹƾűǿʵҲܹӦйзû̫·硣
ۼɵȴͩնɱʳħ۵һʽؽ
﷢һУѾ֣㱾䣬Ҳȫ׷ɱͼͩʩѹ
ͩһ㣬ѵͲ׷ɱ𣿼Ȼˣ㡣
ɱķȻͬһ㡣
ͩеûмҲǷޱȣȶ⹥ɱĹмҲ˰ˡ
ͩ׼ʱ˲伤һʽٽ˲ٽӳ
ֱӱˡ

ɱܵ乥ֹǰٱ
Ƕɱ۵ޱӴ纣
һٽܹ𵽵˺ޣǼٽȥ
ľͷ·ˮˮһ㣬ֱй¡
գ֮䣬۵ͱһ룬ʵʮȥ˾ţͩ⡣
ͷˣۺȻ֮ңֲҪ٣ٺͼҵˮ޷ܶȫ
ʱҲ֪ǲ֮ľô
ۻ񹦣緢ʱɾ񣬰Ԫ֮޵ϲãǵ¡
ڽٽ㣬ڰ١
۴ҲʣҲʰ
ҪԱȴһ֮ѹţġ
ͩһջᲽ֮󳾣һģһ
ľ
ۣǿ֮һôͩС
˵Ҳù
ײͩӵɱǿϡ
ͩҲͬܡ
ͬʱʹɱĿ֪ˡ

رǷٽһӳٽǼ֮ӳģɲǿЦġ
ףͩǰ˥ȫĻ¶ӳʮͻľˡ
ͩһжþȫڸ㶨·ٵļһһλ񣬿Իᷢġ
һǹذɱϢѾ۴˳ȥ
ǿߵļ׷ɱٲ˵ġ
ȻҲûкôͩջ۵µŲ
ر֮µһ׶ɱװ
ϧװͩãҪȥ׳װС
ʹˣͩҲʮֿġ
Ϊװر๥ؼ汸װԶҪ
ʮ֣ײĶɱ
Ҫ֪ͩô꣬ʱ⣬ɱҲϵȼ
һɱûУֱһĺס
Ҫ֪ͩʵǿߣĸûһɱװ棿
˵ףͩʱ̫̣Ϊ̫죬̲񰡡


512  ݾ
һλۣȻûܹϢֱӴۻܹϢݸͬͬ顣
ͺͬҲռ֮нһңܹʱͬȡϵ
ǿߣʮλͩʮλ
ȻЩǿ߷ɢûмһ𣬳౾ǿ֪⣬Թ֡
ͩ½ߵжʮλǿߡ
٣ޣҲˣ۵һԵ
ޣ㲻Ǳչ𣿡ջۿʵ
ޣ˥׼ô˷۹ĵ
ͩһߣ˼λͬ۵Ĺע
λҪСķˣҪ¶١ͩԵ
ôˣ۶ֵʵ
Ұ۸ˣϢѾ¶Ǳ߿϶ҪȡλжҪСһЩͩʵش
𰸶ʱߵۡ
ҶʱһֹƽҶŬͩϢ

ˣ
ģٵİ
ãɱúã
ʧһλۣٺ٣ʵһ֣ɵƯ
ʿڲͬѹ˥Ŀ飬ֱǿ
ҲǵùȻײ޵ǹϣϽĺ󳾡
ǿߣʵҲ൱ߣˣҪġ
еĸ̾еĳޡеĵǡеĸˣ֮Ҷе˷ܡ
˷ʵһ־ʹʵһ֡
֮Ķȫ涼֪ġȻϣй˼ɣûпս
ǰȴǲɱģʧСȻҲͬòȥ
ܵ˵໹ڽΪԿģΪձۡ
նɱͬ۾һѶȵΪ
ǲ̫Զ˵߽۶Գۣܹϣնɱ֮ͬ䣬ϲȫɱΪ򲻹
ܶܲˣǾֻ·һˡ
ҪΪһϸǿߣ·ˣĺѻ

ɳܹɳ۽׶εʿһȻǧϳɾǿߣɱ
ȦףȺ֮ǽɱ۵ѷ
ˣ֪ͨȥ֮ڣжСĵ㣬ûаòҪ
ϵǿߣĸǱȻڵơ
ޣҲҪСĵ㣬ɲġ
ѽǵҪĿ꣬òҪ¶Լ١
İɣκβҵġͩŵ˵
ţҲ˱Ҫľͽβ˵
βĽۣ˵ȺǿۣͬʱҲ൱ϣĻ൱зġ
ϵľŴ۷ʿǿΪҲĽ׶ѡ
ϵǿߣȥˣΪࡣ
㲻ЩǿǵҪ
ȻҲ˵ûĽϵˡ
ֻЩ۶ǾŴ۷ıʿ
ҲΪʲôԸͩԭ֮һ

ͩʰսƷֳƻһȻ뿪˴˵ء
Ǳǿһϵȷɱͣͩ䡣
ֻͩѣΪû֮ǵĶ֮ۻϲѡŴ󳬼ֱӽ
˭ҲΪһɱ֮ǶɱҲֵðգɱ
ĸ嶼ܴ󷽵ɱ͵ġ
յΪȼ
һǰȫʺҲܹǿȥֻ࣬ʮʮȫҲƶ򣬺ô١ΪȫϵĴͽ׷УཨЩ֮СϣеƬߣ繷ֻǿ߲ܶһ
Ȼǵڶðϰٸ֮࣬ƬľֻۼǿˡΪЩΣգ϶һЩͷΪСͷΪγһ㡣
ΣԴеıشܹ˻Ķͬǿ֮еٮٮߣΪΣգԷжһЩСͷУ͵ķΪ
ļԲע֮еٮٮҲɥ൱գÿ겻֪жΪԳʵǿ󣬶档Ƭûздڣ˼
弶Ǹ߽Ҳ̤ȥĽأǻòͷˣû˸ҿϣֻĴ򣬸˼

ʳΣ㲻ȥͲΣյ
ͩԭһУϵ˵
Ϊնɱۣʹ嵽Ѱ䣬ͩý׶λǲҪΪ
պ֮ǰʳ֮жٶѪۣǰһľرͩҪʱǣΪ
Ҫ֪Ұ൱ΣյģʱõأҲһģԲŻзеĳ֡
ҪҰⰲȫشֻжɱű֤԰ȫ
ֻҪ㲻ѶɱرΣյĵطˡ
˵Ҫ֤ȫԵĻɱǾ޷ȱı
ҲΪʲôɱ͵ɱԭ֮һ
һ㣬ͩ˵ǲġ
ͩʱʱշ϶֮УҪͩر߶ȫǱʽЧ
ʱʱշ϶֮Уȡʱȫһпӣӵʱ֮ػ

ͩȻռ䣬ݻڣֻûдҲкܳһʱûסˡ
ͩһС˳ס˽ȥ
ڱչõľ֮С
ͩȡѪۡ
ױѪۣҾƽ֮꣬ظʹãҩһʳûпҩһ˵ΪظʹãܹλױС
һѪ۾ԽʮҾơ
ܼͩƵõʮĿѪۣݾǧʮ
ͩ˶ǰ첢һֱľƽѣȡǧʮÿʮһֳ̳ʮ̳ȻԷһѪۡ
½Щȥܷ⣬ƽ֮С
Ҫһ꣬ʱ䣬һ˵С˼ͩȴȲôʱ䡣
Һãͩʱʱ֮Ч
ɱʱܹͩɿʱٵĿռС
˵ͩͿԽƽʱٵĿռ䡣

ûãƽ֮ڣʱ͹ȥˡͩ꣬ʹ÷ȫС
ֹͩͣʱ٣¿ƽѣȡȫѪ۾ƣתҶȥ
óһ̳ƣҿ˷࣬һ˵ľƮɢͩһ£ʱоڷת˼֡
ȻΪױһžԵĸо֪ȥ֮ЧˡͩЩȲˡ
ͩȼһ֧㣬зħ֮Чֹܹ߻ħ⡣֮⣬Ҳ־֮Ч
ͩе㲢࣬Щ꾲ʱԼġ
㼫ƣͩʮǧֻ֦ܹɹʮ֦ѡ
ҲرУǼڡ屦¼֮еɼҼƷ
ͩ⼸ռĲҲʮֳɹʣͩǳۡ
Ϊ˼ǿЧһһڣ汦ãͩҲΪڴյЧΡ
ͩ׽ҿ˷̳࣬һ̳еʮƲʮϢȫ¶ǡ
ͩϽѾ̳׵һԣתķ

ڷʼҵı仯·˿쳵һ㣬ʼߣתٶѰ˹İٱ
ͩڣγ˾޴УڴͬʱȻռ֮еʼӹЧ
ʱʼʱת֮󣬲Ȼռ䣬תΪ
ҾƵڷ֮ͩеķʼˮһڣʣһʵء
ͬʱЧʹͩڷתͬʱܹתٶȣڳַʧʲôġ
֪һȥˣһ̳Ѫ۾ƵЧҲͳһѡ
ͩչ³һ
泩òˬ졣
ͩʼһһɹ
Чǳˣһ޾͵ֵͩǰǴһǧЧҷӾι̡
ԭѪ۾ƻй̱Դ֮Ч
⵹Ǵͩ⡣
ڶɹ˵˥֮ǰԽιԽá
ͩûгɣȡڶ̳Ѫ۾ƣһֿ֮ʼ

ֹһ꣬ͩ˵ڶ̳Ѫ۾ƣϸԱһ£ֺ͵һ̳Чһû̫
ʹţ˾ƹȻá
һ̳Чһ꣬һֵһǧĿޣһд̻֮Ч
ǧʮ̳Ҫǧʮ൱ʮĿޡ
ͩɵΪ˥Եʣٶȼ죬ȱʱĳԼӦĵ̡
ҪȫѪ۾ƣһӾܹⲿ̸ֵ롣
գ֮䣬ǧʮȥˣͩϵؽǧ̳Ѫ۾ûп⡣
Ϊʲôͩȥأ
ԭܼ򵥣Ϊﵽ˼ޡ
֮ǰͩ£ΪƻãԸʱںϵϣԶԶ˷ǰ档
ǷĻٶԶԶȲʱںϷľ磬ͩΪ֪Ļٶȥ˵˥֮ʱҲ޷׷Ϸľ硣ŸԼռһԣʾѰԵ
Ȼ첻ˡ
֮ͩ٣ʱǿһӶٶѪۡ
ǧ̳Ѫ۾֮󣬷׷ƽ˾硣
ڷ򾳽ûеõͻ֮ǰҲ˶٣ͩɴͣʣǧ̳Ѫ۾Աʱ֮衣
ȵͻƣ۾ܹɸϲֻ̫࣬о磬ûзҲǰ״


513  س
ǧĿޣͩɹͻۺڣ۷岻Զˡ
ͩҲûϵ۵л˼ѣ൱ٶĿޣҲǽΪƽСΡ
ҺóˣҪǿԼޣ˥ٽҲ޷һСΰɣͩ̾
ۼмѣͩѾˡ
ͩԼ˻ѣ˵Щʿˡ
ѹȺۼǿ߲٣ܹվ۷ȴǺܶ࣬ԪݻڣһλԪ֮ûг֡
ͩʱſ뿪˴˴Ұ
ʪأһΣ
ƬʪֻһĹ̶Уйģ
ͩ˳ҵ⴦߷С
λһɽȣΧ󷨻ƣΣա
ʪһƬأһֹޣߣ
ߣΪߣʵֻǺ߳úѡ
һֹ츳ɻ꣡
ֱ꣬ҿԺȺ幥Сӡ
߱û̫ļֵʪ֮ȴмҩ
⼸ҩѰ󡣱ЧҩǿѰҩʮϡ

ͩ˳ؽ˷Уһ·֮вٵ̣еĿ⣬еǹرš
֪ͩЩСеĵ̶ǹõģ˭ֻܹʹãѵġ
ͩһȦĵ̴ԭϣһЩƷҩ
֮⣬ṩɱ޸ԼϢķ
Щ̶С̻ʪصĴ;ݵ㡣
СͷзΪʽ͹̶ʽ
ʽһĳλǿټһֱｻʢᣬֻյǵõ֪ʱ͵ص㡣
̶ʽķУϸС̻ϳʽģΪľǷռԴصԴ
˵ʪصļҩЩҩҪӹܷ֮ЧõԭϣЧۿۣҼΪ˷ѣòӦЧ
ЩԭϾǸ̻ἱĻƷ
ΪϵԴƷʼߣֻҪյҩӹһȥô޽еͶʣ㲻ʲôţһëˡ
ԣϵΣյŻздڡ

˽Ҳڱ棬Ͼжܣ˭֪
ʵʹȺĳλǿõϵһЩܣҲضռΪС
ͺͩͽռ佻ƽ̨Զһ㣬˭͸¶㡣
ֻҪǹϵ˥Ĵ£飬Ⱥڲǳظ˵˽
¾Ͽһ̻ᣬչ÷ǳãΪԼ׽֮һŦ
̻Ϊ̻ᡣ
ͩȻǵһ߷Уûطȥ
ͩ˳˷ĵش̻ľݵ㡣
Ϊϵʮ̻֮һ̻ľݵȻ뷻⻷ͨҪߵöࡣ
̻Ĵ൱ɣȻ壬ǳȴһҲû˺
ڣдèСèֻͳһķΡ
ͩɨһ۵̵ֳ̣ƹһһ⣬ۻԱʼ塣
ƹ񿴵ͩ˽۾һЦӭ˹ظ¾۰ɣ
ԭۣʧʧͩ

ۣͩ˵
˵ĸӹ壬ĸ¡߼ȫֻλۣ֮еĵλȥ
벻֮һۡ
ۿˣȥҲ֪ﲻһ̸ĵط
·ͩͷ
úÿš۷Ըһ
ǣˡۻԱ˵
ͩˣһԭЩȫ۵ūͣѹܹƶλˡ
̻ԺĴ鷿֮С
˼ݵֻһأдˡȡ裬ͩһ
Ŷͩͷʾˡ
ԭôһݵ㣬Ȼֻһţ⵹ǳͩԤϣ֮С
ʵؾݵҲһС
Ϊ߷ľݵ㣬ûʲôæĵطճĴūȥɡֻҪʱʱ¶ƽԼԼġ
ɲ˵һ̻ᷢŵнˮá
ֻҪУǲʲôΣա
Ȼдһ̻ͬҲ̸ܻ࣬һ

޵ѣ²浽ڴ٣Ѿй¶˳ȥǱߺܿɳǰˡúǰ޵Ҫôھߣû֮ǰ뿪ʪءҪô͸ɴ̻棬Ҫȴ֧ͬԮ˵൱ֱӣһҲûнǳĹ˼ɡ
ʵҲǺ״йأֲĸӹ壬ΪأĹϵ൱УŲȺ֮ڡ
˥ĹϵĹ
ǿ̩ɽ˥ҲΣ֡
Ȳһζɱ֪ɻһɱͩʵ
򵥣ҵ̻Ĵ;ݵ㣬ܹõ߷֮УҪɱǲܵġܹҲ֪Ҫȶ೤ʱ䡣ֱ׵˵
Ͼɱŵﶼ߷һռԭϵСݵ㣬ﻻõ
߷һ;ݵ㣬ǰ뷻СҲҪʮʱ䡣۲
ͩ˵ͷתʵ˵ҪòŻᵽ
ţ̻ڷеƹ񲻹൱ˣҳԣҲ²ҲҪһңĸֲŻᵽʵش

Ҫһ찡ֹͩ˼Ƭ̣˵˵öԣȷʵӦ뿪˵ء
߷λɽ֮УֻһڣҪǱ˶סˣɾͲˡ
ټϷ֮иʩչ뿪ǱȻġ
ҲգҰϢȥð뷻Ǳǰ׼ɱͳȥ棬һҪƷɫһľͲóŪˡ˷Ѵʱ䡣ͩվ˵
ãˣһʵˡҪߣȥɣԽ뿪ԽáҲվͬ
͵ſڣͩ۱ȭһǵˣҾˣԵٻᡣ
ͩת뿪̻ᣬԭҪסһ죬ƻϲϱ仯߷̫ƫƧ㵹൱ϸ񣬵ҪԵ̫ˡ
ûһķֻܳСݡʽĲϢվԭϻվݵ㡣൱һվðЪźͷɵĵط

ʵϣϣǱյϢ֪ʧٶͩس̾þ߷ն۸˹ȥ
նۿɲǽԼۿȵġ
ȺҲǿߵ֣֮ڲͬˣӸӡ
ΪĴ壬ĴۣΪƽҲҪǿöࡣ
츳Ҳġ
ն۾аʿûôʸ񣬵ΪȴۻҪСΣ۷Ϊ
ǱǲնҲ˼֮Ľ
Ϊնʵ׼ûܹ鱨ʾͩҲ׳ڶѡ
նΪʤͩаǿ츳òͩҲܹȫ˰ɣ
οȥ½ͩĲֻնһ
Э
ΪͩȻڶ̶ʱڳλۣĽ۾ͩʵ̫ԶĻ֮£Զռת൱Σգһ£ϵԸ÷ɵģҲ˲ƶ
ͩڷλһλĽҲ˹һϿͩΪӡ

Դ֮ʱ޿̲ѳһЩͩʧ١֮Ĺϵһʮֽš
Ϊ̻֮Ҳ˾ҵĦ
ΪȻƽ˾
Ϊһؾȥ̽յÿһλʿҪ׼ˣȺ֤ͬ涨ϵĶԹѰ
ԣΪ˽۵ĵ֣˷һؽҪҪرһҪֺڣֵ÷зġ
֮ȻŭڵȻƽ˾ҲûкƤڵⱨ
ɾĶඡ
Ȼ˽£嵱ȻҪͩõĽǸɵͩ
ǱҲͩˣ޷ǣϡ
ߣϢݱѸ٣һжǱҲڳﻮŽӦԮͩԼȡ˶˵սסڵϵǿߡ
޶ȸֺ֧ͩ
ûͩ弸ʮ۵Ӵѹ
һϣߣѾ÷ǳλˡ

ǣϾƵĳ̱Ҫǿϼ֣ϵǿ֮ҪһЩ
˶Ҳ©ϼûа취顣
ͩڷ뷻е·ϣһ·϶һЩӰ죬ٶȲ̫졣
ͬʱռڡ
۶еظͩ˵ڵ״
ͩһسǵ鱨ʾǱȥ鷳ģһλۣĽһλλλۿ˵
ôࣿǰɣͩ˵ȷʵ̫һ㣬οһλĽۡ
ܴͩ򼸸
ϢͩԵؿǲҪʱһҰһӣȷͷȥ˵
òģǵ鱨ʾ֮УܹϹȥģҲλۣҪһλնۣаۣʵǿһܹλͬλۡ󣬲㱻նɱһˣҪʮ־ע⡣ѵò˵鱨ϵ˵൱ġ
ͩˣҲȷʵмȻܱλۣлһλĽҪǿöˡ


514  ն
ڽӵͩϢ֮󣬾߷ǿ֮УɳնۡѪۺͽۡ
λ۵Ϊֱǣһ۷壬׳ڡ
֮УΪߣʵǿնΪףѪۺͽۣȻΪٶȷ漫ǿߡ
Ŀĺܼ򵥣նܹشͩͩһҪܵʱλóٶȵǿȻܹ֤׷նݳ
һ˵УҲܹȫˡ
ǿ߻֮󣬸ϵ߷УȴͩѾһ뿪ʧȥټ
ɶܵ죡նŭ
Ȼ̻֪ϢǰͩˡѪ۲²²⻹ľһʵ
ȷʵ̻ϢͩҲΪ¶뿪
ͩѾ뿪˷УȥѰۿʵϧ֮ںʱգѰ֮
ʵۼǿߣҪ׷ɱһۼµܵжԶ
۶ܹ׷ٵ١ΪۿԲٿʱջݣӹȥʱѰ˵ټ

Ǽ껹Ǽǰټ۶ܹʱջ֮еõ𰸡
߸ʱմ֡
۵Ĵͨ
µǿߣе¡
ǣһУͬ۾ûʲôˡΪλ˳ѼԪĻʱ֮˳Ӱӡ
˵һͨ˶ʮǰһݳ棬¹ȥʮ꣬ڹȥʱ֮УһӰҲڡҪǻһͬ飬ȴ°Ӱ񡣷·ȥʱ۲һ㡣
ҲбףΪʱ֮вۼʶ޷ٸ
ɣܹ鵽ȥ򡣡նȻߣ֮侲µǲżܹҵͩ䡣
ܹͩնɱۣʵȻö˵ʱϵԽãȵʨҵˣǵô񲻸󣿡ۿڵʨ۾Ǵ˴ɱͩλĽۣҲǴ˴жǿߡ
Ѫ۸͵
ֻն⻰üޱ˵ʨҪҪһʱ䣬С֪ϢӲˡ

Ͼǿ֮һͩʵأһ·Ҳû˿ͩٺܿ㱻֪̽
ͩ뿪߷еĵ죬նװ˾͵õϢƲͩҪǰ뷻С
ߣ͸ȥ뷻СѪٶȽ׷ȥ
׷ȵ׷ϣͩ뿪뷻ˣֱ˲ƹȥɡնҡͷ˵
˲ƶȷʵ൱Σգԭ൱ӣΪ仯죬Σ֮࣬仯Ī⣬ƵƵֱǣʱձ仯ϡ
Զ˲ǼΪðյģ֮ҲΪһ·̣һʱð˴ա
ǣⲢ˵ϾͲ˲ƶˡ
;˲ƻǲġ
˲ƣѪͽλ۶й˼ɡ
ֵأֻǶ򣬲ΣգҴ˵زԶö;˲ƣ˲ƾܹ׷ϡնۿ˵
еѪͽλϸһҲʾͬЩ˵ռ˲ƺʱ侲ֹĴͨ㲻¡
ֻϴˣϰԵѡ˲˲ƣǲ˲ơ

λۼ꣬ʩչռתƵϾ벻ԶҲΣգһʮ˳
߷е뷻Ҳʮҵ·̣·˲ƣǾʮ˳ֲͩķС
Ȼҵˣǰ棬ǲʮѡնʶҵͩ䡣
ߣȥǰնƽ˵ʱΪ˷ܣƽ
ǿߣۣȻʸ񱲷ֶᣬȴܹնɱ۸֤䲻֮
նĸ֮ʱҲ˵ȡʤ
ս֮ǰ農ġ
սնۣ㾭鶼ûУ
λһ˲ƣʮһɽϿա
ȥ׼ɣǵֲСӡһǴЭǡҪľǽס·˸ˡնۿڷֹ
İɣܣҲʹ˵ѪؿӦ
ûǴϻǴӵ£ѡ۴͵
Ѫ۳β壬÷Уβ֮бٶơ
۳Ұ壬õбߣ

ͩڰУеطţ˹·ǲ̫ٶҲ
ͩȻ֮ٶȲ
Ѫһףһǿֱ֮൱׼
ȻԶٷӰӰʰΧ֮ƣͩڴ֮С
ն۵˵ûָܹ͵ϮͩΪǲʵȼǿߣҪ͵ϮѺףռݾԵƣα͵Ϯ
õɫȻҵȶûߡն۷ɵ֮ͩ⣬վڰд޵
Ѫͽλʮ֮Զ֮ƽͩΧ롣
ֲ˶кξ壿ͩλһۣն۰ɣ
ҾնλѪͽ㡣˴֮أкԣۿԴΪתСնۿ˵ͬʱһǿװ
ϵȷɱսף⹥ɱսӱ¶װ͵Ĺǿײ۵
аӴ嵹ҲϵЩơ
ͩҲԲС֮һаǿ츳

ͩһˣʵôֻʨأ
ã鱨Ȼⶼܹ鵽Ȼն۴̾ʾԵ
ڸӹһ٣һܹ֮ˣǲˡȻܹõǵϢȻӦףǲԮˣ߹ǲҲ֮նʵش
ͩҲȫװɱҲϵȼϳȴ
ն۵ȻȲͩרҵʦȻĸšֻԼͩϵķսϵȼ
ʵͩն۲࣬ǹǿ
նǿ츳ֲƣͩǿžתֲ
ɣսɡͩѪڣϣҪ֮и
֮ǰĶֶ̫ˣͩܵõ̫١
ɱرɫնһʵɡ

һХرɫӿò

նһʽնһ̣ʵ£ȫޱսȫ
һ£ʱ顣
һεâƷԵһ
ãн֮ն񣡡ͩնǿߣҲдһʹ˽ѧĽ
½аȫתĽ֮У仯һ
һת仯ġ
նԽΪͣ޼᲻ߡ
Կǿ
â֯һһʱ֮䣬ޱȣ¡
ã鴫֣ȻЩŵն˵úҲھȣԼΪռƣװҲռƣȻһʽֺ
νװռƣ˵նۿĸţǴ˫ֱֵġ
ʽ˵ն۵ͩն񣬵˫ȴƴһƽ֣ȻΪն۷ӳ˶ɱǿ
ϸһ룬֮С
ϾĽ˵ݺµľѧ֮Ȼʤһ
նǿڵľҲ۷壬ԴĵپҲܱȵ

նڶʽƿգնͻ֮ʱ꣬նĿǰΪֹҲֻʽѡ
һʽڵۼ۷طΣڶʽȫط
˼н֮أͩһ䣬ԭ͵ĽʽתԡŰ񱩵ĽУһ·ĩգһ㡣
ӭһ
ߵĶײֲйһ㣬ʹ÷Բʮʱңռ֮
ڵǱΪƽأݻ
ýն۾ȵ޵ҲھͩʵȻǷڶʽɽ¡
ҲͩǼʶǿ߷緶ˣʽϣȻܹ˳̶ȣһһľܹ˵ѹնܹ֮
ʽ쵸ն۵һ䡣
նֱӵ֮Ȼطʱյת
ͩ·һƬ֮УΧ˷ˡ
һ̣֮ͩһҶۣʱ㸲֮Σ

ͩһһ䣬Ӧн֮귭ƣ
һ⾳ͶԷĵΪھϸʤһ
ûмֻܿͨĶ⹥ɱ
ܹͩնսѷѽ⣬ȻǱĽ
ϸ࣬͸ԡ
һͩƵ˶ֵĵʽ
ʽˮ飡նм߳ŭ֮УΪʽȻһʽҲûнֵĽʽѹסˡ
ԴСս²٣սͬǿߣӲúʽһõʽͲնɱһۣͬҲ˲ŵü
ˮһǽڶʽʽĵȡںϡ
Եˮڡ
ˮ𱾾ˣһȴڵˮںϣһϿ䷨ȻѾʼԴȻƤë㲻ϣѾڽӽˡ
ͩǴĴмأ
Ȼն۵ĵʽҲǳм̵ʽĻôѾƫʱմȥҲδ޷ñԴѴ
ˮǿѾڵۼطĲˡ
ͩ治ӲڴһΪͩףҪԶԶն۵Ĺ


515  սȫ
ĽǵۼطϵĽһ͵ڶͬһεطֻԲͬһǿڱ仯ϣڶרעһ족֡
ȫǿ;ļڲ
˵ͩڵˮƽʹĵһ͵ڶǵۼ׵ط
˵ֻؽǱȵһ͵ڶǿһεĽ
ȻԶŽҪѰִطȼ
һֱԶǻֵѪۺͽۣڴʱͻȻ֡
ֱλǿߡ
޷㣬ֱͩС
ǿƻ俪֣ͩʵʵشͩսϡ
ս׵ķ˽ųɵƻȻͩ˲СĴҺת֮ͩƲ󣬶һڻָ֮С
Ǿеͩ岻ɱͣ˰Ϣ
ͩ棬ն۵ĵĵˮѾ
ͩʱѾԹԹִֻܲٵغὣ񵲡
ͩʱܷĽʩչ

âԽӣͣ٣ΪʵĵâƺǱסˡ
ͩɿԭΪʵĵâͻȻֱ֮Ӵ͸˽ͩؿڡ
ͩõɣҲƲסΣƶˡ
˷·ʯһص˵ϡ
ҳһӣͩǱޱȵرǶڿ顣
һͩܵ˲ƣؿڵսϣҲһԵĵۡ
Ҫ֪ϵȷɼף֪ͩٴδսǵһµ˵ĵۡ
һֲ̫ƻеȷɼףܱܿһֱƷٵ
ϵȷɼףҲ޷ﵽųɵķЧֻ߳ɶѡ
Ƕ⹥ɱǿ󹥻ϵȷɼ׸ﲻЧ
ɵĹԽͩش
ûдɼףӲһͩ»׶༪١
ͩȻˣֻܴԪ񶼱֤۷״̬Ҳ˵ѹƣʵû˿
Ѫۺͽ۸ͩӿͷ侮ʯйǵоС
䡪ΧƲϵƻ
ӿпȥѾһ޴Ĵشˡ

նûٳˣֻǾؿԼͬ侮ʯʹˮ
Ϊףһܵ۵ȫͩʱҲʵʧϡ
Լλͬ򱣳ȫʢ״̬ͩҪܣҲδܹӹѪۺͽ۵λóٶ׷ĸ֡
λţһӲ³ˡ
ն۶ͩʵһأⲻĶ֣׳󣬶˵Ҳһ
һǿΧԲһʷ·һ˹ͣ٣ʱҲ֮ˡ
ӴѹӵĿӶ֮д
նɫһ䣬սһӡ
ˮ飡
һΪʵʵĿֲâѹնȥ
ڴʱһƵ𣺡ֻء
ֲĽâӳ
һâ˲ˮĵâȻֱն۶ȥ
ѪۺͽȫмֻӲһնΪˮһȡ˷Ӧʱ䡣
ֻؽĵͩڼ֮ʩչֻؽ
ֻأȥֻأ

Ѫн񱩵ֻнɡ
ʱѪ۷·һˮͨˣĴˮ棬ͣš
װϵȷɼףʼܵӴļѹ˱Ρ
Ѫ۵ţһʱ֮䣬ȴô군
۵Ѫ۲࣬Ҳֻ֮š
ֻն۷Ӧ졣
Ʋնսһᣬһնʽ˫
һһεźХײһâ
ֻпεȻ֮Űţ·ֺһ㡣
նô˻ѲеĲΧɫΪѿ
ն죬ҳȥҵڿʧŲ˶áѪնȵ
նңһѡҲе
λ۶ַ޷еľòȡ
УνӸֵһᣬҪǱסС˵
նҲҪԮһѣֻǾʹʱͩһӴѹӵ֮гǳն۶ġ
ն۸鲻Ԯλۡ

ֻѪۺͽ̫Σûܹͩ㷭һһ
Ҫǣͩû̳նۻӽϾ˵
ʵɣÿµĽƽ棬ȴ̺ſֲɱԶɱ¾ɣն˵ɫҲмɲ
ͩն񽣣Ѫۺͽһһ
λн󽵡
նԥڵͷܣҪսһȳͬ顣
ؼǣͩھǲơ
ǣն۵ͷ·ܹȫˡѪۺͽۿ׶༪ˡ
Ҫ֪ѪۺͽҪ̶ʱ֮ھλнۣʧذ
ȣȥ֮Ҳܵһ𷣡
ǣֻͩؽ̫ˡ
֮ǰնɵرܿһֻԼ֪дһԼԱȫ
նԼҲܹһĽԶ㲻彣
ô죿նԥˣһͩƣһܣʹʧ˴û᣿
ܣܿСҪ

նҲûϵһûжõţʵȻǿ̶ֳȡ
նţĽһһҲκβֺܱͩͩɵһֻؽʹõĻ
һ룬ۼܹԽնɱˣԿԳΪ̬ˡ
նǾĽܣһ£ͬǿߴǱӣһܣԺѽ
ô㿼ˣͩû̽ΪҲڳûָơ
ϾѹſһôһҲûУ
̫̬㣬Ӱ쵽ķչԣǱ䣬Ҳ㵱汳ն۾˵ڴͬʱҲ˳ȥ˵ͩǿʵ
ǺǣÿûǸʵͩЦ
նŭһϡ
ֳаӴ壬ɢǿѹ˿ͩѹ
ѹײնͷųһֱŵɱն۵ɱǼӳ͵ʵ
һͩҲͷųˮµ򣬱ܶԷơ
˫նһǽͩаܵ˼ڴͬʱǷ˷ֻأںͩˡ

ͩûбڵԪڼš
ն񣡡ͬһ֮һն˶ԷǿС
ն𾪣ͩеĽɻ󲻽⡣
ϵĹɱʵ൱ģӱϸȻֻ˲ܿͩϼ֮Ǵ˵еɱ
Ȼն۲ڴУûмɱʲôӣҲ֪ɱѡ
ϵûʮҲа򣬿Ǵû˵λɱ
㱣ʵ֮ǰһսûоȫնֻܹͩʵ
ʵϣͩҲȷʵʵϾֻؽ൱ؾޣסشλͬۡ
ǿö࣬ѪͽʱͲֻ棬ǳˡ
ͩûлشʵͩԼ֪ûֻؽҲô޵
ͩһֱز˲ɱĴڡֲܽԼʵԣֻؽʵͳ˱ҪֶΡ

ͩͲûм£ʩչֻؽĽС
˽ҪôҪͱ뼤֮ٳ
ֻؽǿΪֻؽһطǿ󣬶Ĵڡ
νĵºڣ
ôҪʶһҵʵãʶ
ֻͩؽķΧ
ն۽ƴֻأƷʵϾڶֻؽķȻ룬ֻͩؽֻҪӳͲܶˡ
ն۶ĵľͩһӽΪֻؽһͩԼҲᱻ͵ڱӡֻͩؽ
ܹڶ̶ʱ֮뵽ն۵սʶͷḻ֪ˡ
ͩն۽սѽѷ֣ȥʤѷ֡
նͩսƬ̣д󶨣Թ㣬ֻͩؽȻҳʵҲ൱ðգΪͩǶ㲻ġ
ĶˣͩȻûг
ͩǵͬΪֹΣű۵λͬ뿪˫ʹ˰սΣն̽

ͩ¶һĨЦݣ˵ڼҳֻؽȻˮͬھǰɣ
ǾԸͩʽһת
Ľ֮еֻؽʽ
նԵغˣ˵һ룬ն˻ⱾĿģҲͬ첻ֻͩؽ
ˢˢâ֮ͩ
Ŀȴǽǰնۡ
Ѫͽλۣλǿ߾Ȼؿֻؽһû䣬Ҳòȥ߽𳬹һ룬ʵ󽵾ųɡ
ֻؽ˥Ѫۺͽۿܹӳʱ
ͩĵڶֻؽ١
ҲѪ۴һʣβֻһλۣһ䣬β֮еĴ»Ӽѡ
Ҳͬʾĵز޻һ˭
ͩ㣡նûݺݵصͩ޲ý̻ˡ
ϧնôߺޣѪͽλȻӲĽ֡
ɱۣҪ׼Ҫƣ徿жۿͩƽȴ쳣ᶨ˵


516  뷻
Ѫۺͽڵڶֻؽ֮£ľ
һصĲɱҲ˼öָ
䣬Ȼű֮еһ鶼Ӷˣղضʧڿռз֮С
ԣնɱһܹջĲƻʵ̫ࡣ
ҲҪеϲѲƸϣҲеµ˱Ҳ˵أ
ȶԣĻ񴩴ɱ
նͩɱԣҲԲ
һɱһɱһ˫
ٶҲޣʧһѾشʧˣ˵ʧҪԺͩ鷳˵ĸ֡
ߣ浱ôնŭȵǳϵۿ϶в١
ͩΪĽס׼۷ۣЩǿǰҲŲɣ
Ҫˣ̫ĳҲǱȻѣɱˣĳ徲ԣͩնһۣͬŭش
ն۱ͩôһ˵һɣҲûл죬ΪʵĽܿտڰ׻ʵ

ʵ˵ͩ൱ԩǹ壬κθ˻ȺԹ
ͩ鷳鷳
˵֮ͩǰĵذѽ۸ˣܹ˶Ŀ͵ǵնλ֮󣬿Ҫ͵ˡ
Ȼٵ͵ȥˣǾԸߵ㡣
鷳ţǾǰ鷳ļһﶼɵֱЩҪ鷳ǿ־度Ϊֹ
ͩ߼
Ҳַ򡪡ǿΪ
ΣգҲ㵱汳ģն۴ʱ˿Ѿ֮⣬ľ̫̬ͩɳպȻΪĸ󻼡
忴ȥۣСǵǱȴС
ʼÿһԪּԪ֮ٹԪͻȫԽ
һֱѹķչĻķչ¸Ѹ١
ľСնӴ˲仯Ϊһ˲ͩΧУʼ
ͩŷɼ׵ķ֣ܵնǿ
ˣͩͻȻ֮ˣһ֮мط

ԼԲת֮ƻΪѹ壬˲ססˣȻԱ
ͬھǿطȵԱҪǿöࡣ
ΪһУѹԱʱѰԱһٱƿֵһЩڷֶΣס޿ɶ㡣
ͩ뵽Ϊն۵ľе𾪡
һĲҪˣ˳ҪԼͬھ
ȻĲҪˣҾͳȫ㡣ͩһеıһ𣬰ڳֻؽơ
ֻؽͩŽѾΪնۻӳµһ
㾹Ȼʹô˽ն۴Ц
ֻг֣Ӵնȫڷš
ѹ֮壬ͬҲ塣
ͩһնһ粽Ծġ
ôܣնۿֻͩؽӰ죬һ⡣
ǿľУͷ֮Խ˿ơ
˵˫һУб°նҲܵ
ֻͩؽ˾޴󣬷ΧҲͬСͩվ룬ȻӰ졣

ͩΪʲôֻӰ죿ֻؽʶˣͩһĿƿ˵ۣ
ͩ洫һǿᱻԼĽˣ
նˣԼˣˣͩͿֻؽˣȴһֱţⲻˣʲô
ɶʱתնȼ꣬淴ɣǿתʱա
ֻؽֻ֮һʱ֮侹Ȼˡ
ʱת֮ͨΪ֣һʱתʱתҪǲȥʱ֮е˺Ļôʱתʵһʱջ֮ɿԺԲǡһ־ǽʱתһʲôأ
һ룬Χʱʱת
ʵϣǱشʱգصȥĳһ̡
Ǵתʱ䳤ǲģʩչִȥʱյĴͨǲԶͣڹȥ
ңعȥʱգ䷴ɱȸѾȥʿҪ޴
ۼǿߣԽͨܵ˱һСĻܵɶˣҲҪõöɡ
ͨΪӦһЩ˲ɱԵ

Ϊɱ¾ʽ佣оΪɱ¾ģ˵ֻؽһУһֻ֣ǳʱϳһɱС
һУʱתõ˻صȥʱ֮ڲɱˣתʱǲܳõġ
ԣնʩչʱתΪ˶ݵֻе
ն֮Ա
ΪʱͩվòԶԱķΧ֮ڣ²޷ʽԱܱȵҪǿöࡣ
նҲԸҡ
ԱȻӦܹͩһشҲǺõġ
ʵϣն۹òԱȷʵֻеʧأűըˡ
Բǧ˲䱻ըΪƽء
ڼޱȵĿռҲ̮֮
ôĶһЩֵע⡣
ըĴһʮ㷽ⱦȻشռ֮С
֮ͩУгһ
նȷʵǿ֮ǰȻƵֻؽͩһƽ֮㱻ϵ汳ˡ

ȻҪļһµġҺãʱ׶༪ˡͩ̾
ͩԱ֮ʱʱʱ˺ˣͩȻȻ¡
һԱ֮£ֳһնùĶɱս֮ʲôҲû¡
Ҳ˵ϵɱıﶼԱ߱̽޾ڰʧռ֮С
ⱬը֪ˡ
ͩʱǱɱսȻԦű뿪˴˵ء
ͩߺûжãλ۸ϵֳ
Ȼ˲ңҲ֪Ρȸϵֳλ̾
ȭ벻㡣һ۸ϵ˵أϸһΧ˵øɾʲôû¡
겻ˣˡȭ۵ͷӦ
ȭһһڸǿ߸ϵ
ҹ̰ԭ⹷ӣȻˣƣôĶ²ͨ۴սܹŪóġȭص˵
Ȼֳƻȴң˴ֲͬķϢҹ̰ۿ˵
Ҳ˵ԶλҲܴôҰɣɻ˵ΪĿռȹ̶̳ȺʼӲ̶Ȼ֮ϣҪƻôףҲʮλϵ۴ֲС

ҹ̰ҡҡͷ˵ҪˣۼԱ
ܣԱҲûɣۺһ¡
أһأҹ̰ۿ˵
˻λ۵һܣҲ˵λۣ

ͩ˳صִ˰뷻С
ΪͷУ߷дʮ
Ҳ˲١
ȺλλƼݡ
뷻дڶð򣬶λ˵ֻðգνðգָ㲻Ը⡰ðͲСա
Уǰȫޱȡ
Ƕ򣬶λ˵һ֮ˡ
˰뷻еڣ֪ͩԭϻôλ
ͩˣôģ
֮ͩܵȥһʸͬۡ
һ֮£֪ͩԭöɱ
Ⱥһλ
ΣԣڲȻͨ䣬ȴλð̫ա
еλ٣ܲס֮Ⱥ
Բϣλλİٱǧ

߽ͩ˷Уһ·壬Ҽһۿȥûظ塣ΡΣгΣҲģʯģһűȵȡͩðӦ
Уλѣڽֵ߰ڵ̯ģһЩλɲ߷УֻдèСèֻ֮еĵ̶ѹõģд̶ǹرյġ߷Уջõ궼ûУ˵úͷˡ
뷻ȴһãֻҪеģҲȱ
ҪǣķУ۵ıûһǵĽ׵ġ
ĶĽױҶʽһЩƶλŻĽױȤΪٸߵģҲ
ͩ԰뷻вϤһ̯λǰ
̯ͩˣкӴԭˣĲ϶ڰֵϵȾ࣬һһͨɱҪö࣬Сĸۡ

ͩڰ֮еزжţ˾иָĹЧ
˳ٷ֮ʮ壬ָԽѣ˵ԽأԽˡ
˵ĳλܵشҪ˯ʮָܻʳðԵҩҩֻҪͿԻָ
ϵķУΪĺλͨɱ
Ϊɱֶ֮еսԴûĸٵġҶЩλλ˵ͨɱǴòˣΪһֵȼ۽
Ϊʲôôλ񲻾Σ
Ϊֻܹõɱ
ϣǶɱҲԻ
ме
λ˵رûǿȺλ˵ϴǱ
ȺλֻҪ׵㹻ͿȥȺѡɱ
ЩмλǾǿߣĵ̸Ǽɳֻȡˡ


517  
ͩȱͨɱó˾żͨɱʮϵȰΪ˱ԽָڵһЩԼպ֮áȻͩſʵ֪̻ôߣ
һӺͩ˳̻Ĵſڡ
ȻΪʮ̻֮һܲȻһߴʮĦ¥
̤ͩ˽ȥ˵ĸоɣ
һԱͩͩǰˣʴкηԸ̻Ϊÿһλ˷񡣡
̻عɵĴ̻ᣬÿһλϣ̻ܵϼķ
ǻ᳤ȥɡͩ˵
ˣپʹȥԱϽͨϵͨѶ뾭˵һȻӹضͩ˵ˣ롣
¥жʮݣݾ߲ͩľ֮һ
ˣ᳤ڶ칫ң̻Ĵ¥һɽ׳ʮᣬʮһ㵽ʮ㶼ǾƵꡣʮϣС˾Ͳ֪ˣС֪ʮ̻߲칫ĵطԱؽ˵

ܿͩ͵ʮ㣬һ򿪣Ϳһͼ͵ſˡ
С˼᳤ԱЩ
ȥɡ˷ԱȻתͷһЦݵػӭԶɽӭ۴ˣʧԶӭ˼¡
ȼۡҲ
ö񡣡ͩͷ
룬ﲻ˵ĵطԶɽкͩ˻᳤칫ңԼλøͩ
ͩҲûƴǣڻ᳤ϣʵ߷ǱȻ٣ôҲǿôһˣ
֪߷Ǳ̫ΣգλȥϾڰԼһȫǱߵĴͷ̻ᣬڹԶɽ͵
ͩһҲȷʵˣأ˵һ׵أȥ˾ҪðΣա伸ʾڰ˳ϡ
߷Ǳúܣֻ̻һ᳤ƽ¶дѴѵʱ
һ򣬲˵СͷеĹͷлҪߡ
ȷʵΪ⡣
ͷԼͷе̻ᣬҪ̫ˣûĸԺ;ȥܣԶ̻֮еļɶί

šͩ˵ͷʾˡҪȡһսף׼ã
Զɽһ£˵Уֻǡ
ֻʲôͩޱʵ
Ҳ֪ɱͨĶɱ֮У˵ġҲ֪ͬΪɱҲµķֱ𡣶ҲϽ˼սףƷǿ⣬Ҫ߲޽סԶɽ˵һת˵⣬һƷĶսףǿָıֻս׻ȡ̫ߣʵڲ㡣
ȿ˻Ʒ˵ͩ˵
ǣˡԶɽһλʷԸһ
λʸǶȥ
Զɽ˵Ϊڵʮ߲׼һ׷ʱסκҪֱӷԸ¡
Ҳãȴȥɡͩͷ˵
Ͼǻ᳤칫ңͩҪһֱţ˱˵Ĺ£
ԶɽԴͩ˵ʮ߲㣬ʮ߲һ˶ûС
ʮһϣӪҵΪ̻߲׼ġԶɽһߴ·һ߽˵

׷ȷʵ֣һйȫҡҵȵȡ
𣿡Զɽʵ
Уɡͩͷʵͩססжò̫⡣һγ˻ȡɱս֮⣬ͩҪչˣȻǼ
ûãλȥս׵ʻˡ
һļɱսװڷͩǰ
ͩרҵʦ²ȥҲֱܹļս׵Ʒʸߵ
ļսףѵõĶսס
ɱڵʱԿͨɱ֮ǿĴڣǲŻᱻ֮Ϊ⡱
ɱҪ˵ͨˣǼΪټ
ս
ɱ֮Уַͣͨͣ޷ǹͷ֡籾Դࡢࡢࡣ
ǾͲҪȥˣһǼĶɱٵÿɱˡǼĶɱ̫̫
ûǿնǿߣҲֻһɱսװϵɱġ

նĶɱôǲͩҲȫˣڻѪۺͽһˡ
һɱͿඥɱļֵ
Դɱ֪ͩˣ֮󣬿һʾҳɹնɱλͬǿߡ
ͩҲ޼ɵؼ
ôͩҪλ֣ͬ»൱֮ѡ
ɱǾ͸Ӳö˵ˡ
ӵжĶɱôۼ𣬼û֮ǡ
ͩӵʱôǿҵıը֮УܹȻɱǿˡ
ͩǰļζսףͩһһûþǵƷʸߵˡ
˵˵⼸ս׵ļ۸񡣡ͩ˵
ˮϬףҪ󲻸ߣֻͬȼͬƷʵսסԶɽ˿ͩ˵֪ףҪǻȡӦֵĶ⹥ɱֻһҲƷõһδ֪Ҫȡһ׶ɱƷʲޡұҪõġ
νһףָĲװҲǹࡢࡢࡢԴࡢࡢȫڡ
ǵָͷ

δ֪Ҳ֪˼׵֣˵ˣָҲû˼ס
ͩе֣ΪͩϵɱҲ֪֣ͬΪͩûȥǡ
ɱֺ͹Чֱӿɱϵģֻ֮˲ŻõصϢ
ţҲգ㽫˱ȥͩҲǷǵ֪ս׵ֲɡֻҪ˼׵Ʒȷʵܲˡ
ͩóɱǵ۵Ķɱװ
ţֻס
һףһͷ
һһأؼ汸
һװͬʱװܹװЧ
Ȼ˵ɱһһƷˮϬ׶ȲϣֻƷĶɱҲΪѵõıˡ
ϾһĹɱɱңװˡ
ԼװļֵǱȽǿܹƷĲ֪սˡ
Զɽɱȥս˽ˡ
̸֪ͩ⣬ûôнģͩҲԸ׼һݷʢĴͺ;µƣһ߳һߵȡ

նѪࡢλ䣬նǷԣ塣
ϵ屻ˡ
һ룬ۿͩϵǿ߾Ȼλ֮࣡
ɲģҪ֪ٸ궼һ䡣
ϣʱţĸ壬ǿߵڲϵʵҲڲͣǿ
ֻҪǿʱʵͣô̫Ҫ
ͩһӾնɱλۣ൱ڰʵϰٸꡣǰʹ˵ģ
ƫƫôףҲһߣΪҲãΪ˱Ҳա֮еﻢµĸоֳʨҴ˴ߣ룬ͩһ˲ƶ·ٿҲҪʱ䡣
ʨҴӦ൱ˬ죬ʵڵ֪ͩս֮ҲЩûףһ룬Ѫͽλٶû֮ܳͩ֡
ͩʵ֮ǿһȫλͬǿߡ
ʨ룬㻻ѣҪȫǣȴδ

󣬰뷻У̻ᡣ
Զɽǲ֪ս׵죬ڼӼͨɱһָҩŻǼƷϳ˵Ķɱսס
ºԶɽͣشǸĺôļӼҲó
ʵϣҪͩµսǿʵҲԲḶ˴Ĵۡ
Ȼڶɱǧɱ㣬ϣܹͨɱһҩܹѾǷǳ˵ˡ
ͨɱͩòΪڿռ佻ƽ̨֮УɱͨͩȻԼѵʱͿƳͨɱֵͩ˥Ľ׶Σԣͨɱ
Ȼⲻ˵ͩЩûɱϾɱҲһһֶڷ
ǣϧͩЩ඼оϵɱͨɱѾ㲻ͩۿڡ
ͩһϵɱ̻֮лͨɱһҩ
̻Ტһ̻ᣬͩԽʵȵȷʵʵȴ޷˽ãռ̻ĲƸΪá
ʲôģԴۣ뽻ǮҪҲҪҵ˵ġ

ͩõսףʽչȥˡ
ȣͩսףϾ˼ףʵһԾǿõĺôЧ졣
ɱսףþǼˣΪϵǿֳֹɱʱΪǿԵУ˼ιܹϵ
˷ɱ˵Ĺͻųɣ
˾ųɾǷɱֵҲʦɱʱ顣
Ȼּ˾ųǽͬɱֻڷǿ֮ڡ
նԶսˮһУѾԽͩϵɱķǿȣֻܼ߳ҡ
ǸĴȴս𣬷޶һ½
һսķͻڵгϵĹ֮г½
ͩʱǼɱսס
˼Ϊף
ϳ˵ƷʣԷж⹥ɱĹұ֤ڳ֮£սױܹ𣬿ȶųɼ˵ĹЧ⣬ս׵ΧҲͬ죬һǳͷ׻֡


518  ۷
׻֣ӵתƣк̶ܴȵ̶ֳڶɱԭķġ
ǿĻļӳط֮
ֻҪףطͻһֱӳ
֮˼飬ӵ򵥵˵ǿ
ͩһٷ֮ٵ
ƾնһ֮Ȼʵõһ̶ϵ
ɱȻͬ죬һɱͩʵһεԵرڷ档
ɱ֮ͩʽչ
뱾Ҹ֮ǰһսͬʱԸΪʱոټʱطƵָͩΪûУǾȴš
ɵеٶȣ߶һ޷˿ȣɵٶȾ졣
ȻܹٶȣҲҪһ츳ʵĻͼ̵ĵġУ츳ãڴﵽͩľ֮󣬷Сġ
ͩȫһأչز

һʨ۵˰뷻Уһˣ֮⣬ˡ
ȥ̻ɡʨۺһλǿǰ棬ʶǵ
һˣ߽˰뷻С
㡣ǿɫ˵
˴ܹ뵽ҲǱ۵ҡ³֮󣬱ӦĳͣԲʧġʨЦݵ˵
ΪȺʨ֪ƾԼһ˼λͬ۵Ҳ˵ܹͩ
ҪͩʵֻһΣһʧܣһο¾ûôõĻˣͩҲôɵһˡ
Ⱥ޷ֵ£õķԮˡ
ԮҲǺģϾ֮ìܣ۷ĶԿһǲֵģļ۷Ҳײ֣Ϊһ֣ôжҲ֣ô֮ìܾͻ󻯣Ϊ۷ֱ֮ӶԿˡ
С度±Ҳ֣ǿ岻֡

ʱܹ뵽Ԯ䷶Χֻһˡ
û۵Ķɢޡ
Щɢ޵ԴǳӣǿࡣϾȺǿߴЩ塣
ڶɢ֮УΪﵽĽףַҪܹöľ͸١
ʨ뻯һ֮̽ʶһĽ顣ټϻؽԲ뵽λĽۡ
ڶɢ֮УҲǼѲĽɫϵ۽ײ֮УҲСǿߡ
Ϊһλó깥ǿߡ
ʨ·ϸؽе鱨ͩ˷оͩпܾ깥
Ϊϵۣûһó깥ͬʱҲû˵衣
Ⱥɸİ֣ۣͬսֻǣƺ͸áΪܹͩλ۵Χ֮»ҷɱն۵ˣ֤Χͩ˵Χͩò̫
˵λĽۼʨһ֣ܹΧɱͩϵȷʵ鲻ǿˡ

ʨҵһλ˳ס̻ᣬҽ̻鱨õͩϢ
ͩһû뿪뷻Уû뿪̻벽
ڸһϢǾͲ̻ܹóˡ
ɶ񣬾Ȼ̻治ˣͷ۰ʨҴͩһֱ̻治ʨǺͩǣܲǿ̻פذɣ
Ȳ˵ܲܳɹʹаճɹҲð֮ΪڹϮ̻ᡣ
еӰ죬ԼҪĸ˻ǿɾͺȥˡ
п˱ȫǿ߹
ǳҲôɥĲ飬κһǻ嶼ô
ԣֻͩҪһ̻棬һκβͩ
ʨҵѣǰû˵ҪһֱȴɣҪĿǧ겻֣ǱܾܲɵǧɣҪ֪Ĵڣһιصʱ˵೤ʱġĿԴﵽ԰㣬ҿûôʱ˷۷ǳֱ׵˵
ܣ֪ͩʿܱչؼʮģʱҲδСʨۿڷ

ҪȶãתʵȻû˵ʲô飬һʱֱ˳
ֻ꣬ҪҪһ꣬ͩûг֣ô֮ǰӦѵıҲ͡ʨһҧشңʱڣѵö֧
ãǾһΪҲʨҵѲᷴʳԡۿڻش
ʨظ֤ҵѲţܵɣ
۵˵ͷ
֮Уվ嶥˵ľŴ۷壬ûһ죬ɢŷĽơ
˾Ŵ󳬼ĳ̶ȣǴȡŵȡµŵȴûвʵġ
ΪͷչһԲܺӵҪء
أôŴ󳬼ܹŽ£һΪѣЩƴƴΪԼЧ
ЩʧǲƻʲôΪ㶫ʳԷڣ
ȥ̻ΪԼ׼ķϢˡ
ʨ۵ɫܲãûзŭм̻ľٶر۵١

̻Ļ᳤ͬҲһͨѣʨ۵ֻйӦû˿ɣǣˡ
ܹ֪ͬͩһֱ̻ᣬûһ
֪ͬʨҵȼλ۵ĵֻͩһֱڱչأҴţһֱûл㱨ѡ
Զɽ֪ʨۺͱλۣһλߣصǿһڷ֮Уס˵̻ᡣٷ̻᲻ϵֶͨλ򰵵شͩ䡣ͿԿ϶ǿ߾ǳͩġ
ν߲ƣ߲
λǿ߻鷳֤һЩʲô
ԶɽҲڵǣͩǱۣ٣δǰ;ԼˣͩҲʧ
ԶɽͨԼȨϵۡ
Զɽ£Щһֱ̻ܲĴ
ˡԶɽϢһһʮϱ֪ᣬ̫ˣûȨ
һˣšۿʼؼһſʵͩǱչˣȵ֮㽫Ϣڴڼ䣬עĶ򣬾Ǹذֵݡ

ǣԶɽӦ
֮ͨĿ۾˼һ̾ͩǲ򵥰һ֮ƣնλǿߣңҲưոݵġһ۲۵ǻҲ֪ôģȻľͰ˳
ֻܹȫǣסߵˣ޷֣ʣµĿɾֻпԼˣޡһ̾
ԶˮȲ˽𣬿۾Ҫ֧ԮͩҲ鲻
٣˵СӻһϲأСӣز©ʵȻܹһȫնУֱǷ˼ԴҲ벻ʲôȡ֮ԴﵽսֻһͣǾͩʵľ˾ˣ
ǱֳʵĽһս˵СӦûеưɣ
һеʼٸǰھ֮бչأ˿֪飬һҲ⡣
ʮʱ䣬ͩľõ˺ܴ˳۵۷塣
ٶȷʵ൱ˣһͩͻף˹麧ˣһж޼Ѱġ

ͩСҸĶʱطʱɱָ·ټսսɵĸٶȵȵȼһͩٶȻĻͩĿԻؼҴˡ
ֻǾĻȴҪʱ
ԣͩϻǧ̳Ѫ۾ƣ۷൱Ѹٵġ
ֻͩϵǧ̳Ѫ۾ƹ뾳ƽˮ׼
ǣͩרŷԸԶɽΪԼѰѪ۾ơ
ͩ񲻵ǣԭ̻ﱾʹ洢һѪ۾ΪƷ
ʵϣѪ۾ֱÿͻһȻ١
ң񣬴Ƿ㹻ˣǾȴٶѪ۾Ҳ޷ͻơ
Ѫ۾ƣ۷ǿߣֻЩʹõһ̶ȾͲݳ޵ذȡ
ҪôղأҪôΪȡҪԴ
̻ĴܹѪ۾ʵ
ֻͩǳէЩªŶѡ
Ͼʮ󶥼ֱͩȡǧ̳á

ԶɽҲͩĶݳأͩ㱨춯
Զɽֻǻ㱨ûԽظͩ
֮ͩ󣬲ÿɷص˵ͷŶ±չˡ
Ϊͩصʱ伫ֻ̣ԶɽйӴȻϢȥ粢֪ͩع
ͩǧ꣬еѪ۾Ƹȵˡ
Ȼͩ˳̤۷塣
ͩʱӦ˼£еľ֮ͩų׽һεչء
ͩڵľ񶼴۷״̬õòٺá
˵˥ٵʱ仹һ꣬ͩҲڿǣ۷˵˥ǵĽ֮ٶɽ١
ѡȻӽУȫ
ѡǰߵĻΪĽ۵ľŬȴԲæתλӦ˥֮ķĺôȻ˵˥һЩɽٵѶȵһЩɹɽٵİȻ
ͩûмʶ˵˥֪˵˥жôֲͩνаգ˵˥ǰֵһأ


519  ر
ִͩͻĽȥɽ٣ĺ¾Ƕɽٳɹ֮󣬶˵˥ȻǰմܹΪʱѳֵģҡ߻ħ
Ǻܿɽٶɲ˾˵˥Ŀֲ֮¡
Բ˵ġ
˥ǰ˥Ե塢ԪڽΪһ߷
˥Ȼѣļ̡Ϊ֮ʮܹ
˵˥ʱѶȾͼӴʮֹر˵˥˵˥ϢϢأۡ
ͩʱҲò⡣
Ϊһܾܿ͹ϵܷ񴳹˥Ŀ飬һѡǾ³
νһ̤ٲ
Խ̬࣬Խ׼
ֻͩ䱦ʵ䱦˵Ҹξ񣿡
ͩΪرǽ˥֮䱦ѾٸָͩҲûС
ΪʲôΪ˥ֻܹԼ˽Խ֪࣬ϾԽҲԽѴ˥

䱦ͩѯʣڻشԲҲܰ㣬˵Ҳﲻˡÿһ˵˥һûκεľѰһ仰ѳԣᶨģǧջ󣬵Ψһ
˵֮䱦Ͳͩ
ͩˣʱƺ뵽ʲôϸһ룬ƺʲôҲûеõ
ѳԣᶨġ
ǧջ󣬵Ψһ
ͩﲻϵظţ֪˶ãͩͻȻеˣҺִѡ񣬲˳ȻܹﵽĽۣǾȥɽ٣ͻƵĽףǾ۷ȥɽ٣ҪɽٵġαؼһʱնλۣͬЩˡ
ͩȥںʱɽٵķգʵЩնҵģûʲôɷģֻҪ˳Ȼǡ
ͩͨЩתʼԪ̾磬ʵ
ƾͩ۷Ϊʹﵽ˶ɽٵı׼ڵͩżˡ
ľһƽֻͩõĸӼᶨ־õһϴ
գ֮䣬ǧȥˡ
Ԫ̾磬ʵͩڵȥһǧ꣬һҲûɵʿ˥߸֮µĽȸкΣСеʿʱ䵱ʱɢС

̶ͩʱ֮˥Ϊһٽֱλ񼶱Ǳ˥֮ѹȳӴǱ
Ҫ˵ɵʿû˥ѹȣٶȺʿҲ첻ȥ
һʿ˥֮г٣Ϊɽٶɽ٣ôһʧ˥Ҳᵹڵ֮˥£޻һ
ͩΪᶨԣʵѾʧһԼܹ˳ضɹ˵˥ôһжѾˡ
˵ͩü
ǧͩΪûаʵҲͣͲǰãȴͩҲûйĶ࣡
ǧĸ˵ͩľõ˳׵ϴܿɹ
ͩڱչ
ǿ˾õǧʨһˡ
ǿɲͩһոأգ֮͹ȥǧꡣ
ʨ۵ˣɲȱչأֻǳ붨ķʽʱ䡣
رʨż뻯۵֮ԼѾǧ꣬ͩȻչز
ʱһۿ϶¡廹Ҫͣⲻǰ׸ˣ

ͩ㵽һٺõġ
ͩˣϢǷ򿪡
ͩʶռ䣬Ϣһƣԭǿ۵ԡ
徹Ȼûзµİ֣ͩϢ֮̾
ͩרʶ˿ۡ
ףڳˣԼҶдͩ㵹˵չؾͱչء
Ǻǣÿ۲ˡͩЦ
յΪɣһҲûдͷĽŸС
µϢǻۣĽΪó깥ۿѵ
ǧʱ䣬Ϣ鲻ǲŽˡ
λĽۣͩüͷͩǺ£ΪһףͩҲûаΪնɱĽۡ
ͩʮָһָ
Ȼ֣ǾҪʩɱ֣򵹲粻֡
Ϊֶûɱ֣֮ܵͲͩڶλˡ
ûаգðΪ֮ҵ˵˥ҲѾ˷ϡͩ˼Ƭ̿˵

ˣˣΪôЧΣаնɹ˵˥۹ĵʵͩȻŽ۲ãʵˣնɱλۣΪȺ´󹦡˥֮£ǿɾ̫ϧˡ
֪˳ȻǣʱܹɹȻͶɹȥˣܶɹټҲûáͩҡͷ˵
벻㾹Ȼ˻Ⱦ磬ñҲ۾ȵ̾
ˡұޣ˥в֮£ѧˡ˵ˣⶼǱƳġͩҡͷش
ˣҲüе˵ͷʾס
ϣмλǿߣͩʵ
֮ǰԭʮλۣնλʮλֻܹа뷻֮еǼλˡʵ
Ľϵж٣ͩʵ
ֻλĽλһλ౾ĽϵǿߣֻˣĽˣֻͬһˡۻش
ͩ˵ܲܲɫ֮䣬λĽ۵뷻

˴һ˵ˣĽ۵ǿ󣬾ԲһܹģλĽۣһ֮˴󵨣
һɽرȺ֧Ԯһϸҡͩûֱӻش𣬷ת˻
ҪЩϣȺ԰롣۵ûƴǡ
Щͩ嵥
ϸԽԽľЩÿһ󣬽֮ı
ǿԴ롣
ЩԴ룬¹죬նɱλ۵Ⱥ׵㣬ɾһҲʣˡ۵ǿ
û⣬ֻҪ˱һɣҶɹ˵˥ʵ뷻Ⱥ߹ǲĳĥġͩɱȻ˵
ãȻд˰գǴ¾ͽٰˡٰ꣬Ͼͻȥۿ˵
ͩʶ˳ռ䣬ʼ׼ˡ
ͩҪ֮Ǽڡ屦¼֮еĶɽرר˵˥ر
Ϊ˵˥Ʈ죬ʱѽ綨ҲǧˣҲҲᷢ

Ҫǣ˵˥ʱϢܿûзѾˡɽ֮òס
ԶʱڣǣԲֹһ
ֲһ١
Ͼǰ˥ͣ¶⣬ܹ˥ˡ
˵˥ܿٵʱѾ˥ĩڣѾ̤±ߣϣµͷѾˡ
˽ٵĿֲɼһˡ
ͩҪƵرڶɽٱûаֻ֮˵˥֮ʱܹһԤĹã˵˥ˡ
˵ˣһӵãõġ
ԭòôƵģͩ뵽˵˥һΪʱڣûʱȥƴ˱ˣʱ䣬Ƴˡ
Ҳһ̬⣬ڴ˴αչ֮ǰͩоʱ䲻ãȻ˷ʱرϡ
ڵ̬ͩѾȫͬˣڲʱ
ʱŵĲڣ˵˥֮
νһҶĿͩǰǿؼģȴܹϤػ
ָ쳣Ϊ˵Ҳ

ڰ뷻еնģͩҲܹϤһͩȴżС£ʱһҪĻȡ
ͩ˴ľʹܹͩظܵ˵˥ʱžǧ֮
ȫ֮Ϊͩﱸϡ
ͩҪĲϣһЩѰֲɡ
Ҫһʱ䣬ټ;䡣
֮ͩҪĲϣ˳̻ͨ͵ͩС
ͩڰ뷻зһֱ꣬ϵ֮󣬱̻̽ṩ֮С
ʨǱ߿ǵȵüΪͷˣͩˣȴǷι꣬ǲа벽
ʨûֵĻᡣ
Ҫٵȥ»ۿɾĵˡ
ûа취ʨֻϱԮ
ɵǣߵļȴˣһֶΣһĵسλĽۣҴȺ֮ɳλĽ
ĵȻأ鱨绹ܹһЩ˿ͨϸطټֱΪ֮
ԣ׼ȷضϤж

ʮʨҵõ˵Ԯ֮󣬵ʮȥһ̸С
۵ķ䡣
۶ʨҵЩ֣Ҳûݡ
֮󣬻۲ſʵôʨҵѽˣܲİɣ
Ȼʱ仹ǧҪˣǴ뻯ٶһꡣʨֱ˵˵˵ѾλĽ۰֧ԮԭѾһʧǻ뿪Ҳͬ㹻֡
ʨ۲ĻѾ޴İ֣ʲôҲûֻǸɵõ˷ıꡣټϣܹһĽ۰ɹļԽͩܶˡ
ٶһꣿ뵱ԼͬûֱӾܾ̬Ȼһ־ܾĸо
ѣˣй֮ʨۿʵ
ˣмֲ˼ˣ̻סǧ꣬óԺúȣöȣһȱټ˵õĳͣȷʵû̹ʵϣ˸⣬ʲôûгҪľܾˣպ󶼲ʨȥˡ
ʵѾλͬ׵ֻҪٵһ꣬ʱͩһ֣ҵλĽ۳֣Ȼһʧۿ˵


520  ˵˥
ջǴӦٵһǡҲûʧʲôһʱĽ˵㲻ʲôգ֮͹ȥˣﻹܹߵĴѵģֶΪ
ͩƶɽر«ƹޱȣʵѶȴһͨɱҪɵöࡣ
Ͼ˱ɱ֮ãҲǳʹ֮һԵرùһξͻᱨϡ
رƵĲ֮ûһʵϣȫƵӻˮ֮汦
Ҫûжŵ֮ǲɵġ
Ҵ˱֮ʱҪȫΪ֮УһѹΪһ˵˥֮ʱѻǣԪ񡣲ˣ˥١
գ֮䣬ǧʱȥˡ
ͩҲ벻«ȻҪôʱ䣬Ҳͩ亹ֱð
ҪûмʱҪȵ˵˥ɹ֮ȥƴ˱±ﻹûɣ˵˥Ҳ˵
ңҪ˵˥֮󣬿¸ûǧʱˡ

ǧ꣬͵ɽ֮ʱˣ벻ʱ֮졣ͩ̾
˥ѹʱ޿̲ڱ޲ͩϵؽΪ˽ϧ֮䣬иܾܿͻٲ
ΣѾֵһԲǰͩ
ǧʱ䣬ͩûھز󷨣ŬУͼĽһ
Ľһںǰ;һ
˽ѾԽλķ룬ǰ벽ɼһ
벽ָ˥Ӵ˥޽٣ӵĴߡ
ͨ󣬷ޱߡܹһ㣬ϡ
ǾĳѼԪֻа벽֮ңѡ
֮Уλ񼶱ײΡ
ʵϣΪȼϣѾλ۷壬޿ɽ
һ׵ףǶͨޣһλۣǽԪλܹͻƵۼ
֮ҪٽһɾͲôˡ
ۣʵǰ벽ɵļ

ɵİ벽ɣֻҪɹ˥κʿܹ˳ɾͰ벽ɡ
ʿҪײΣɾͲκʿܹõġ
۱Ҫǿö࣬ʮҲһ۵Ķ֡
۳ֶԸµۣǼֱͬɱһ㡣
ԣֱΪ۷ۣ
ǿߣǵ۷ǿߡ
һһż
֮еľżǽڳǿ
żȳֻ̡ǿԼԪ֮
κһżҪǿӵһλԪ֮ôʸΪ׼
ΪʲôֻܳΪ׼ǳأ
ʵһȱٵĶ壬ǾǼԪ
ʲôмԪ
ҪһˣھŴ󳬼еļԪеļԪ֮Ÿ塣
ʵϣļԪ֮У֮ͬһճľҲûС
ÿһԪһЩǾŴ󳬼ļԪ֮
ЩԪ֮Ȼ˼Ԫ翪С棬ܹӻڼԪ֮١

˵ˣ磬ֻоŴ۷ǿߣ֮⣬ͬѼԪ塣
ЩΪʲôܳΪأ
ܼ򵥣ΪǵķչޣֻһλԪ֮ӻڼԪ֮С֮УչǱޣٶһλµļԪ֮
һԪ޷µġ
ļԪ֮ھŸԪԪ֮޷õһͻƣôȻ
һ߼ĵط
ԪѭϸԪµļԪݻ֮Уֻ֡
˵AһԪһλԪ֮ʹAܹѼԪԪ֮١µļԪ֮УAֳˡµļԪAֳһλԪ֮ʹԪAһ˼Ԫ֮١
ôʱ֮оAԪ֮
AȾŴ۷ȣǲһµ۷أ
Ƿ񶨵ģ
ΪA壬ûа벽ϵȻͬһ壬ʵȴͬ
ܺýͣΪAڷչĹУûκνĻƼϰߵȵȷ涼ͬʹͬһ壬ʵȴͬ

ȾŴ󳬼ǵģͬ壬ǴĻСƼеȵȷ棬һеġ
Ļһ£һԪһԪ˲жϵϵڵֻһ֧ǲɷָ塣
ǳĵط
ԣܷ񱻳ΪҪǼԪдͨ⹹ͨڵͨϵ
Ԫݻ֮ɳʹ߽µԪӻС巢չ׳
һһԪֻضϡ
ǳǿĵطǿԲϵżԪֻض׳
ĵּ̾Ԫط
մķأֻմܹԪ֮
κǿ󣬶벻մ档
ֻҪ˼Ԫת繵ܹ֮ͨմ治ϵ׳ʵĳ
ΪԵʣԪеҪϣҲ޷ԳƳֻܳΪ׼
Ԫת繵ͨķţǱŴ󳬼¢ϣԲԣмٸ׼ǳȴֻоŸ

ҪײΣֻпԼһ֮һҪĳضľ
˵ڻĵ·ȫںʱշʱձԴһȻڣѶȴġ
ȲЩ߳·Դļһ
һʮλǿ֮Уֻоλ۷ۣλһԪת۷ۡʵϣԪֻ³λ۷ۣǾǶ巽ۡ
Ϊʮ֮һ
⻹ĳΪϵʹо顣Щǳʿʿ¸ֻͣаٷ֮һǧ֮һҲ˵
֮ͩУػعŰУӲݸ𣬶̶̰겻ͳɹ۵ľ硣
ڵ֮УҲǼΪ˵ĳɼ
ͩԼҲ֪ȺʿǶô
ͩĳͬʱǰ޹⣬һ˵ĹâȫͬʱʿĹâ
һ֮ѹͬ
ͩͬһʱŵĲңͬʱҲǴҡ
ΪͩΪĿ꣬һţʱŸ̤ʵ

˵˥ΪԪ֮˥
ˣӦûԪƲŶ԰ɣ
ǵģ壬ꡢһ治ԪͲо
ɲͬʿ˥֮֮ꡢԪֿˣתΪһָ߲̬ڼԪ̬֮
Ԫ֮ҲԪƣԼԪ֮С˥֮Ϊ׼ŸԪ
ɵԪǵСǧ˥ΪԪɵԪʵϳ֮á
Ԫʵ㲻ϳԪ˵
ҪǵֻɵԪлɣΪ˵˥ôҲôš
Ԫʵһû̫ʵ塣
˵˥ԵľɵСǧ磡
䷴ɻɵСǧѸٽ˥䡣
ԣڴ֮ǰͩҪڿԼСǧ硣
治
赹ǿʡˣΪͩ뿪֮ǰù˰Сǧ硣
ͩھ붨֮дľ֪֮䣬ǧʱ͹ȥˡ
ǧʱ⣬˵ǵָ֮䡣

ʱ䵽ˣ˵˥ĴɽͣϢ֮䣬ͩǳСǧ磬ʱգ֮ϰ꣬Сǧݻڼ٣ӳٵʢŶʢ˥䡣
ͩȥֹʱţܿͩͻԪľ䡣
ͩʱںϸƴԪ֮˥Сǧʱտ֮Ȩ
ʱ䵹
ͩƴʩչʱ䵹Ե֮Կ֮µʱš
ȷģͩŬõ˻رͩԪŹʱ֮ڱ
ȻʵϣŵٶȻڳţֻǲտʼôѡ
ͩϰԪԼִʱ⡣
ͩϰԪȡʱ䡣
Ҫɹ˵˥ֻһǾԴ
ͩԪ䡷Ȼִɹѡ񣬵ͩߵȴʱմ·ӡ
ԣͩҪ֮ڣʱմıԴ
ҲΪʲôɽߵΪԽߣԽԭڡ
Ƕ۶ɽ٣Ǹ۶ʱմĸƤëҪڶʱʱձԴѡ

۶ɽһôǾǷܹ֮ӵĶɽʱɴ֮á
Ҫ֪ɵʿ˥ڼ䣬ٶѰͬһڱ
һֲܿĲࡣ
ͩԣּӳ֮¸ʱմԴҲǲɡ
˵ˣ£ɹʣòƸۣƴһѡ
˱Դеû򲻳ֻ·һˡ
ѹ֮£˵Ǳõ޶ȵطӡ
ͩĲٶȱƽʱʱҪ죬Ҫ˳Ҫ
ƽʱǧݣֻҪӲ͸㶨
ͩҲ޷ȫĵͶȥҪֳһ˥ٷ֮
ԣʵϣܹͩͶȥʱմԴҲֻһѡ֮УʹͩĲȿһ룬Ѷȴ
ͩһʮҵˣ˳ȶɣ˥ϵļǳԡ
ʱһһعȥˡ
ǣһһʱ䲢û˿⣬ͩʱһһعȥͩα仯൱ͷڽףƤڽ塣


521  Ϊ
ͩھһᵽ˥ϵ̡
ʱմĸ£ʱںϵİһ겻ͻƵĽ۵ĸ򾳽硣
ҾʮѸ١
Ľ׳ڡĽڡĽ׺ڡĽ۷塣
ͻƵף׳ڡڡ׺ڡ۷塣
Ĳõʮʱ䡣
ͩʱںϷﵽ۷֮󣬹ʱںϣѾɡҲǵʱ䷨Ϳռ䷨
ʱռߺһĴ
ͩѾʱմзʽżǰ棬һ̤żʹͩɱڵĽĲΡ
Ҫ̤żҪôԴȻյԪ񣬽ȡԴΪá
ʱմıԴʲôʱʵ棬ְʱաʱյıԴĸ֮ݻԴ㡣
ͩ򵽴ıԴյԪ񣬡˱Դ֮еǧԭΣǧŰپʮģ壬ֻһɼԴ֮֡
˵˥Ԫ֮˥ʱ䵹֮Կܹ⣬޷

Ҫضɹ˵˥ȻҪôԴһҪȡԴԴѹСǧ硣
˴ԴСǧ磬Ϊǧ硣
˴ԴСǧ磬ͷ·һһ㣬ǵĿռλ档˳Ϊһĸ
ʵѵĲԴأǽȡԴȡĴԴѵġ
˵˥ɣǵһ档ҪôȡԴҪô޷ȡıԴ˱˥ɣԪľ
ֻͩһʮʱȥԽȡԴСǧںϡ
һ֮ڣ겻޵ôȴͩľ䣬ûеڶֿˡ
ȡԴԪ
һ㣬ͩΪﵽ۷Ŷɽٵʿ˵Ԫ㹻һ񡣽ȡԴһؼ㣬Ϊ͵ģΪɽٵʿ˵ܿʧһϡ
ΪΪԽߣԪ֮ԽǿԪ֮ԽǿȡԴԽɡ
һ㣬κһܹ򵽱ԴԪܹ뱾Դ֮еʿ˵̫ѡ

ѵǽȡ֮νԼСǧ֮УСǧںϡ
ʱ򣬱òŻֳ
֮ʿΪҪ֮֮ѡ
ʵɱ֮⣬ҪľӦ˵˥һҪؿϡ
ȡ˴Դ֮֮ĶѰܹѹסġֻʿ޵ıܹʤ
Ȼʱ򣬱ƷãԽܹﵽĿġ
вڶ˵˥֮ǰΪԷһڿ˼Ҫı
Ʒʺ͵ȼΪ֮⣬оѰԷϵ߽뱦֮С
һֲöˣ˵˥֮ǰΪ粻һ󾳽硣ԣһַǾвͨġ
ֻеڶַ׵ģ߽ҪǺѰңǾͲˡҪĪĻԵϡ
ûоԵҪõܡ
ڣѰκʿ˵ǹƽģһǵʵǿܹѰ

ͩ˽˳ɵԪ֮ȫʱմԴ֮УȡһʱձԴԪΪԼСǧ֮С
ʱձԴһСǧ磬ķ֮Ҳ֮һᡣ
ôʱͩһָʱΪһ޴ѹסȡʱձԴ
ͩСǧ֮סʱձԴʼںϡ
ںʱձԴĲ裬ҲǶɹ˵˥Ĺؼ
ɹˣ˵˥ϾǶɹȥˣʧȻö˵
ͩҪ֮ԴԼСǧ֮С
Ļ˥ٵĶԿȾͻ󽵣ֱӰ쵽Ԫٶȡ
ҪʿԼ֮ȡƽˡ
еĻѡͼ֮һ߶Կ˥ٷɣܵؼԪٶȣеĻѡעһȫԴ
ڣͩʱƷߣѹʱձԴʮɣǲٷֳһ˼
ʹؼͩĶɽѹ
ͨʿҪǱƷߣҪٿرѹԴֿ˥ٷԼںϱԴææɽٵϣã

ͩʱձԴĹУҲϸϸԴİ
ʱմıԴۼҪʱںϷȣеڹ⹦Ĳ
⹦ǿҲûڹЧǿ
ѹ֣ܹӦʮϵۣ֮ĲϵĲ
ͩʱ䵹㹻һٶʱ䣬ǲü˵زùעһķͼ֮һʱձԴһ߻еʱմء
˥ڼͩʱմԽԽ࣬ԽͩԽһֻȻĸоԭӳɵĹ֮Уյʮһַ򣬶ʱմɲ֡
Щͷ·ֺ﷨ʱմһƪ¡
ûǰĻͿʱմƪ¡дʲô˵ˡ
ʱմİͩĽ֮һİ塣
ͩ򼫵ôչ󣬿ٻعͷȥƷζ⼫ŷԭһġ
ͨ˼֮ͩŸоһĿ£
ΪɱһĻ

˵нǱ仯֮£ٽٶ֮£ֻؽǷ֮£ôļǴ֮
նĲǵ˱ǵ˵ĵ
ԵĶ֣֮ǿߡ
ڵ֮µʿ⼫ûκλ֮
һҲʽһɴ˽ģǰ벽޼ǿˡ
ܴﵽ޾ˣǿʿԼȥˡ
ȻͩȻ˼İ壬ڲĺʱͩľʱձԴԼԿ˥ϵġ
ͩĻ൱ۺľҲȫ磬ԣ˵˥ɵȣû˿æҺͻš
һжɵؽš
ʱȥͩҲԽԽ˥ϣһٶȥˣͩѾϡ֮꣬һ̬ӵĸо
ͷѾף˫üҲˡ
ͩԪľжʮ겻ȡʱձԴѾں˾ųɣɹˡ
Ԫľ֮ǰûȫںʱձԴĻֻͩ·һ
ͩƳɹʵҲǴԵ
ڻܵģܿǰ˥֮¡ۿɹʱʧܣǾ̫ԩˡ

ͩСǧѾ˻ıԵǻɳͳ
ʱѹʱձԴѹŴڻԵСǧ硣
գʮȥˡ
һ˿ʱձԴ籾Դ֮УͩСǧ磬ͻȻһȻʼ˷ı仯
˵˥ķɣʱձԴСǧɲֹ֮ͣȻѸٵȥ
籾ԴעµĶʼתһµĻʼСǧ֮в
ԭԵСǧ翪ʼ»ָ
Сǧʱշ·תһ㣬شأһж¿ʼµͻ
⣬Եľͩοʼϻͯ
·ʱڵͩƤϵһʧͷüëڻ˰ױڣ»ظᡣ
˥ϣ֮ڻָ˹ұǰӸл
˵˥֮ͩյسɹɹͩѾΪĽɣֻһͿԴﵽ벽޵ľ硣
ͩڶɹ˥֮󣬲û̳أתó«Ԫ֮С
ͩҪӦĻкܶ࣬鷳һСǧĽ

ʱձԴ֮Сǧ磬Ѿʼǧ֮ǰСǧָֻһʼǰ඼㲻ϡ
ǧմС˵Сǧһٱ
СǧŽҪͷСǧȻɱشͩΪϵķ
ǰӿٿռ䵽γСǧ磬ΪͩΪġ
СǧΪǧͩΪ
ΪֲתӴĽɵΪ·һط
ֲܿƵΪǿʿʱˡ
òι̣ôΪһĳ̶ȣͻﵽһ
һը
ʱò˵˥٣Ѿˡ
ͺڵͩһ㣬Ϊ«֮󣬾ͲͩƵͻƵĽ۵ĲΡ
ͩľ磬ʵ˵˥ڼﵽ׵ĳ̶ȡ
ԣֻҪԪﵽҪͻΪ
ͩΪּ̣ʼ
ɽ֮󣬲Żֳͩﵽ۷Ŷɽٵĺô

۷嵽ףֻεԾ̫ףͩĸ˶ҡҲ򱻴ƵΣԡ
Ϊ۷֮󣬾Ͳ
ͩƣڵٶȣ֮ڣΪͻᱬǵ۷塣
൱ֲٶȡ
ǵ϶Լһһ̵ܹƿأܿƵʵϣκǿ˵൱Σյġ
ͺСˣһ˵Լ
˵ҪؿЩķĪʵս
ͩչվ˾ң˷䡣Զɽʵڰ뷻Уû뿪
ԶɽͷشǵģˣҸǵϢܻܿ˸ڰ
ͩ˵ͷ¶һõЦݣаãҪʵսҶƿѵ
ȥɡͩԶɽ
ͩϵ˿ۣ˵ۣ֪ϵԱֲ̫Ļ̫ԶľͲøˡ
ôʲôֵʵ
Ѿɹ˵˥ʵĥʯĥʧصͩЦе˵
˵ģҪϲˣ˥ֻʣһ˥ˣܹ˳ȥĵʮλ۷ˡ٣ɵȻͬ죬񱾵ż֮ǰһֱòСӵҪˡĽ˵


522  һ
һ˥Ŀ飬֪жŴ˵˥ȴһ˥档ͩҡͷ̾
˵˵ͷҲ˥Ŀֲִ֮ΪʲôҪɵΪ
Ϊʲô֪ɵĳЩԽԣȥƹ㣿
ԭܼ򵥣Ϊ˥ֲ̫ˡ
ɵеһʮۻֱ;ҵһ룬ܹɹ˥ģ°ٲһ
Ҳ˵ǿȫˣҲδһܹ˳ضɹ˥
һǿȫ䣬ôһԪķչͻ᳹ʧܡһԪ;زۣ
Ϊٶ࣬ʵǿҲ޷֧Ԯڵ
ۺҲƹɵ˵ˡ
Ҳգ˵ˣҪЩ鱨Ҫʲôת
ûʲôֻɱ˶ѡֱͩ׵˵˥ڼҵʱܿܲˣڴ֮ǰҾֱܹ˵ʵҲǺ£Ϊ御һɣһҶɲ˵˥ҵļ»ҪȺˡ

ͩĻ֮󣬲Ȼ𾴣˵㲻ҪôۣҿԸ˵Ӧ㣬в⣬ļ岻ܵκί
ǿߵϸصҰɣһһһŵġͩ˵ҪǵΪòȱһǿĶ֡
ãһ鱨֧ԮΪֻΪǲ̫ܰࡣվǶȿǵ
ͩЦЦͨѶ
̻ͩһ٣㷹֮ͩҡڵ̻߳ᣬгȥ
̻᲼õĶĿܿͰϢ˻ȥ
õϢʨۣټ֣֮ǰµļƻ֪ͨһЩֶ뿪̻ܲ
ͩһس˷С
Ҳһ飬ǿڵĶ򡣡ʨҲûäĿжȲǿǷ˸֧ԮӦͩ
Ҫܿ͵õ˻Ӧ۶ûκβĶ˫ά˶˵̬ơ
Ȼܹز۵Ķ
ˣͩ˴ĵسУѵͲ֪ǵĴ𣿡ʨɻ

ʨ֪ԼĶ򣬲ù鱨磬ԣͩ϶֪ԼЩ˵Ĵڣ֪Լ˵Ŀġ
ΪʲôҶһж
ֻһͣǾͩԼ˷
뵽ʨҲһ߳ŭĸо
ͩ˷У𣬳ȥ
жĿʨ۴һǰͩһһҰãȴͩǰ
ûв֮Ķһò󣬶Ҳû㹻ʱԲΪܹסǿߵ󷨣ҪѺܴͺܳʱá
ʨҲһλ۸֣Ľλ⻹Ľ׸ڰУôΧɱһۣⶼʧ˵ĻôٲҲûá
һҺͻΧҪκܵľٶעأҲҪСģʵǿСķˡʨ۷Ը
ʨҲòͩʵǳǿֱͬ޵еĴڡ
һ֮ɱλͬǿߣǿǿߣλ񰡣

ͩɵǿȴĺƬҰأͣؿ˵ɣöˡͬʱϴףֳбָ¡
ʨۺͻͬʱ۷ɢΧסͩͬȫװû˿
ۺܺ棬Ȼ֪ǵĴڣΪλҹһǰʨֳ˻ƽʨӵľ޴ʵ
ո˵ô򵥵ĵǶףͩͷųӴѹ
Ľף㾹ȻĽףʨ۾Щֵؽе
ǿ϶ģΪͩһǰŲ׶ѣ۷嶼һȴĽˡ
Ϊͩʵ֪Ľ֮ж
ɹ˵˥ʨͻȻ뵽˴𰸣ԴЩˣ˥岢ƹɵǲ˽˥Ŀֲ
˵˥֮ÿһλɵʿİķ֮С
Ƿǿ߽սƺ
׶εɵʿΪв˵˥ǿߣΪʧضԱ

֣ʨһ£һʱ䷢ľУѺ𣡡
񱩵ĺſֲĹͩ
һ߻Ҳû֣˫ӡһϣ˫һɣȵ󷨣깥ϢϮ
һΧλҲóȫʹǿԶֱָ̹ͩ
ͩ׻֣Զ̵żǿķԶλ۵Զ̹ͩû̫ӡ
ͩܵѹĻѾ깥ʨ۵Ŀֲ
ֻͩԴһ㣬ԴһʶݵԺڹıҸãͩʱ䣬䱦Ǯ˱⣬ػͩԪ
ƾǿ־ͩܿͻָʶһۼ깥ȷʵͩһֲִĸо
ʨ۵Ŀֲ͸׻֣ͩ
׶ĹЧȻУǲǵôЧ
ֻͩ˱صһǿЩɢܵĸоܵ˲̶ͬȵĴˡ

óɳǿߣϸѡͩġ
깥һڷ൱¡
𵴹ս𵽵ò̫ͩ˾תĻһͩбΣա
⹥ͩǰĶȵġ
ܣۿԼĹЧԷӲƨҲûС
ôܣʨҲţͩӲԼһôܻû£ͩôôǿ⻹𣿡
岻ܻ˵ģͩ޵ɵͲṹԼӦǲŶԡ
ɶʨѺһǱһ
Ҳͬʾǿ깥ϳͩӿ
ͩ׻֣λǿߵĹ
ڴʱһһͷ
ɱΧ֣Ȼܲסơ
ͩҴ⣬ֻؽ
һֻſйգΪΡ
ͩ׻𣬶ɱΧָ֣ٶȾǱϵɱҪöࡣ

λǿߣλĽۣǾȻ޳ܵΧһˣĳǷǳ˺ްͩ٩٩̸˿ŸҲûС
λΧǿߣͩĻֻ֮һоӣ
ͩͷˣ㻹򶨣ҵȲòʨ̾к֮⡣
˭˭һأ룬Ǿô˰ɣͩޱȵʵ
λǿߣͩĻһֻĸо
ô£Ϊ㻹ܹѲɣʨг˵
ͩԼҲȷһܲѣпӲΪЩǿڴˣǿɲǳصģɷôͨ󣬵Ҳܵġ
Ӳãôڴˣĳսʹ죬ҪǴңҾʹǡֽͩһӣγһ˹ȥ
סҪܵʨۿͩĶжͩ˵ƯʵϻҪ·
ͩһҪưΧȦܵĶʵϣӳֻؽ⣬ֱϮλ۶ȥ
ȱеͩԵۡ
ӴֻлĿ꣬λ۱ֻס·ˮһš
λǿߣһɱûУֵܹͩȫӳֻؽ
ңͩڵķһǧٶǰҪǿöࡣ

СĽʨ۴еڴͬʱʮѺͩ
Ҳ깥ǣͩĶ
Ȼ깥ͩ˺ΪͩҲɱڣһǶ⼶ġҲȫ깥
ֻͩؽҲȫģǾǻӽٶȲ죬ֻҪǰܣУͲˡ
ͩ䣬ԹԹλĽ۸ʹУҲֻܹͩƽ֣ս˽֡
ʨ۵λǿߣܵĪѹҲ벻ͩʵȻǿ̶ֳȣֶЩѹסͩ
ȥʤɾͲһˡ
Ԯʨңǰ۽ֲֻѹסͩһĽ۴˵
ϣΨһһۡ
۱Ŀ۶ˣ޷ڳʨۻشܹڳͲˡ
۴˿Ѿڽˣͩʵֱǿþˣͬ׶ͬףȻһԵģҪǲܸɵͩԺԼӿɾѹˡǵǲ£ΪľδػϣǵͩǿߣɾͲһˡ

ͩһ˶սλͬǿߣһʵӵ£ʮʽĽǰرнı仯ͩõ쾡¡
ͩ˷ſֽһսӮֻսսս
ʹһʽƿͩľҪʤ׷
ٽͩһԿƿ죬׷
ʹۼͬԿϽ԰Ծ֮Χͩòѽһת׼ˡǧգ֮䣬·ХһϮԸӰԵ̬Ӧ˶ԷԾһ
ΧλĶۿɾͲùˣΪȻΧȴֻ֮У԰Ρ
ۺʨҪΧȴͩѲ
˴սನҲΧλϼˡ
ÿͩվʱͩǿޱȵؽһֻؽƿΧ̬ƣλǿ߲òٴ֯ΧΪǲͩͿܵ


523  
һ׶׼Ƕ۳ڣĽڵĴڣȻ˵ȫ޻֮Ҳ㲻ʲô
رǵĽ۵ļ𣬻ͷ϶һ⼶ɱ֡һ׺ͶۿɾҪԶˣͨҲûжɱ
ͩԵλǿߣۺʨжɱǿ
ֳֶ⹥ɱǿ
ܹͩһ֮λͬǿߣ˶ͨĽۡ
£ܹͩ࣬ǿʵ˵֮ͬУһһˡ
ʨҲ֪ȥҲǸ취ĸ˵ƾе£һ궼пܡ
ǣʱϵԽã˵ԽǲƴĻͩǿ߻Ԯ
ʵʨ۲֪־սͩ˵ʲô¡
Ϊŵɱ˽ҪķѵķԱȶɱҪöࡣ
ܹͩһģҲԭ֮һ
ڳǿߣûһӳֻؽ
Զ۾ܹ׵ֻؽжǿˡ

ռزͻ׵ķš֮ʱյʨ۴ľԮϢ
ۿϢ֮Īа֮ͩǿѰˣҪԶĻĿҲǳصġ
Ŷ꣬Сս°ٴΣ˫ʤи˭Ҳ˵һܹ¶Է
һۣ׶λ˵̫ѽǣȴͨĲݸɢޣ˼ұվȻ
֪ԼҪԳ֣Ȼᱻۿ۸ס
ԣûа취Գֵġ
ңڵλþ뷻лԶԶˮȲ˽
ԣֻ취뷻нһЩֹȥ
屾ǿߣܹĶ˹ȥʣµĲʵãǱǿ߸סˡ
ʳħʵϻв١
ЩԸһֶΡ˵ˣǶ廿ӥȮ
ЩӥȮҲԵʵҸı

ЩӥȮĸʵʵϲǿһס׵ΪװϾԱȲ屾ʿǿʤ٣ټء
Щ֮Уٲأͱɱɾˡ
ЩͬҲյһǿ
һ£ǲᶯǵġ
£ҲֻеǲܹԮʨǡ
һԭ򣬾ֻеǲܹùĶĿ
Χͩʧ϶СΪЩӥȮʵ̫ǿͣ۳ڡ
ϣҲֻȨǡ
ҲйǣǾͬһӥȮϵʧ̫Ļպϵӿ²̫ùˡ
ʵϲĶڡ
Ϊ˷Ƶģġ֮ȻìܣҶһǱ˫侲ػرս
ִ󻷾֮£֧ʹ˫֮µӥȮﵽԷʵĿġ

ֶĺôڣΪֵĶǶʧ֮Ҳû˵
Ϊɱ˳ǷծǮ쾭塣
Ͼ˼ˣ׼˼㱨ֱܲˣҲûʸǿ֮ˡ
ǿֱͩҲġ
ΪͩȸɵۣŻͩ
ֱҲֻԸ룬Ǵġ
ΪĶ壬֮ͩᱦĳͻȶֵĲͩһ
ۼˣͩϣڵϣͩվסŵġ
С˵⡰֡Եǳµ壬ǿͬǳͱҪ
֮ϵ൱ӣ˵ġ
ЩԸͩǿߣͩϵĻҲǻãôŭϣҲ޷ͩô
ԣĿǰΪֹ·˹ͩʵϴҵĶڹΧ֮ڡ
ûǿҲֻǲȡ˶ˣίķʽ֧ͩû˲ս

ʧ̫Ļ׼ĻԳֻ֡ǴǿԸͩ
ʵϣʧλۣѾʧˣҪλĽۣҪʹˡ
ͨĸ߼壬ʧôλǿߣ㹻˽ˡ
ƫƫʧأҲ̫õҪ·ص㻹еؾ档
Ϊ˹˼ӰԼ˼ֱӲֻ֣еİˡ
Һ׼Ŀܻġֻ̾óһڵƣﴫ´صΪ尵֯˵ĵˡ֮еķǣߡ
̫֯ĳԱǱһȺ֮еǿߣرѵӵۼķǵһжģͬģǵһҲܵĿơ
еȨϵķ֯
ڼǧ꣬֯ǲʮλǿߣĵطɢڰ뷻еܣһΪ˰мӰ뷻еĶֹܹ̻ͩĶĿܡһҲΪԷһ

ĵɲ屾ʿһϡ屾ʿ൱ƣٸĶĿһܹȥҲܳʮʮǿôš
ӵʮλ۸ֵͩĽս֮ء
Ϊ벢ԶԣǺܿԶԶؿ˽սĽ
ʮλǿߣͩϹӣҲܺǵĴڣЩ˷ɹʱ򣬸Ρ
鷢˾ˣ
ͩˣ鷢ľԵȻǱ
öʣЩĿ϶Լˡ
ôԼһ㣬εسԼ϶Լ鷳ġ
ȻЩΪǿҲǿ۵ķ롣
ǲҪˣʮ֮ࡣ
Ҳĸۣͩ⡣һﵽʮϣǾͻͩͷˡ
Щޣһǿ߾ͺһηʮѲ
ͺ֮ͩǰϵʳħһҪͩͬھ

ͩ뵽
һ룬ʮʩչĿֲ֮
ͩ϶϶һôλǿߣͬʱʩչ׻Ҳһ;
ƣԭһѵܹҵƾеĸ֣ȻĸܱûҪǿ벻ǾȻҪˣȻ޵ˡͩһ
ͩʵɲһǧٶǰܹȵģȻڱֵüΪǿƣһģ档ʵϣʹõʵһǧٶǰ˶٣ֻΪߣѣţҲǿֶβûб٣һˡ
ͩڶ˵˥ʱձԴʱ򣬾ĽĵĽ
һǲһ㷶ľǰ벽޲εĽǴ֮
ͩԭҪֵĥڱǷƿսʵս֮£ƿûȫԼƿصġ
ĵʱǾȻҡͩһ̾һ֮̾ͩѹû̫ı仯ȴ˾޴ı仯

ãˣͩһסоΣٵλͩҴʹ۵һʱеͬʱֹס˻һĽУˡ
ͩһ֮ɫ齣ֱ˳ȥ
ֻǼ򵥵һֱ̡
ɱĵĽڱͩ˳
ʱ䡢ռһֹͣͩĽԽʱգ׼ȷ˶Էüġ
һ˵ǳûоԵҪνҪҲǻ֮ĵҪһѡ
ͩһеۻ95壬ʵ۷״̬һҲܱһɱ
ңзɱͩĽУҲᱻɱķԸŶԣȻɱųɣҲһϰɣ
ʵȴԵع죡
нͻȻˣȻ˫Ŀʧȥ˹âſҪ˵ʲôһֶû˵㻯ΪɻҶɢ
һλĽۣһȫװҴ۷״̬Ľ۾ˣ
ĿһĻʿޱȵ𾪣Ҫһ䣺ôܣ

ֻҪ֪ͩô£ԭ塣
ȡ
ľϵֻǷɢ벽޾֮ѾľϵԴĵزҲ˵Ļ
ǹɴģһ
ʱմǧ֮һ൱ǰ
ʱմʱںϣںʮһһԪͬںϣںʮһԪ
ʱմ湹ɵĻݻĻ
ͩ򵽣ԭɱ¾ȻпıԴȴ
һƽ棬ʵϣǴӱϰнߵԴȡֵԴ̲ԡ
ԣһ۷״̬۾Ϊɻˡ
ͩòٴʶеԲϵô򵥣˽ӵмȡΪõĿֲԣֱһѾħ
ڵʱûʲôħħķֱٿֲԣԹʹãûνʿָ
ͩΪˣܹظܵһкһֿСȡԴܹɱ䡣
ǣͩʶûܵʲôӰ졣


524  
ۼƲкһһó˷ɱԶݶȥʱҲ˲ʲôԼʲôˣҪġ
ǿʵ̫ˣһɱһȫװĽۣٲܣСΪһɢޣʲôӡǸơ
ͩ˻һۣûΪ壬ڴҪĿ꣬Ժеǻ鷳
ͩתһʹۣͬһֱ̣ɱ
ҪܣǿµһζѾΧֻʣ±侪㤵Ĵ
ζܣܣβʣηûаáͩĽ׼ȷޱȵش̽üġ
ڰϮʶֻ֮һӰȻʶޱߵĺڰҲûؼһա
һĽۻɷɻ䡣
ۼһĻʨֻȫëȻҲѹֲ˿־ͻҡ
ӣ
ʨԺ̵֮뷨ڴͬʱʨںڵóӶˣ֪ͩôֲͲýֵɽΧɱͩ

ܣôףͩһ齣תʨһм
ռľͩ˵ֵһᣬֻҪͩ߷Χ֮ڣڼɱ˷Χ
һԽ˿ռϰ׼ȷޱȵʨۡ
һʨ۲룬üĴ
ҲʰʨۻںޱȵԣͬΪɻ䡣
ֻɱסؿͩڶ̶֮ڣնλĽۣطΪѾûźֻؽ֮¡
µۣͩɱ֮£һֻؽԽնɱӵжɱܹһҲʧȥս
ֻؽȻ缫ɾ䣬ֱָԴҲһ쳣ǿɱС
ͩһߣһӡ
ӿŻ˷֯һȺǡ
Ϊ仯̫죬ҪֹʱѾˡ
Ǹϵֳʱ򣬿ͩӣҲһëȻĸо
ͩûͷųκѹҲǸոնɱͬʿɱȻЩͽ۸еѹ֡

ô죬ϲϣ
ȻҪϣǿţɱܹʹķΡ
ǵ𣬴𣿡
һǺαˣ
ǿܹǿùʩչ𣿡
ٷϻܷŹôõĻᣬմպ²ˡ
ɱһδļԪ֮ˣҲֵˣ
ԣ˺пδΪһԪļԪ֮ǾԲܷŹ
ɱ
ʮ۰ͩΧͩһߣһӵĽҲûз
ΪǶһȺûиֻʣ³޵ʬ⡣ǲֻûмֵ
ͩǿǼֵǸĿꡣ
ͩȻ֪Щһﶼ֮ͽʲô£ЩҪļһ£ƫƫǶλλҲСӣ
ɰ𣡡ͩû̳׼Ƶȡ˰̣˺ɰ
ȻͩҲ֪ɰ󷨶λ񣬸û˿ɱͩΪ󷨵ɱΪ˷Ϣ֮κһл硣

ͩող󷨣˵һֵˡһ־ͬھɱС
ͩʶһĶطרͬھ
ͩҲ벻ЩǿߣȻֶûйһУֱԼСˡ
ͩȷʵֲִĸо
ϰ֣һӲǾϣͻƼԪ֮һȥϣ˸ոպ̺꣬ԥصڶó
һУ֮ԳΪԶһʹãǵӵġ
йһΪһ߼ԣ֮ʣǧλóǽ˵λǿ߳ش䡣
ö˵ƾͬھƺ;ģΣ
ӴԺͳΪСвߵһ־ɱҲꡣ
ҲΪʹ֮Ĺؿʼγɣߵȼ֮䲻ԵͼչԺ̲
ʹͻ߼Ҳɳ߳Էһȼǿߣǿѹ
ͺϣҲ׶޺˹ҶúʹǶҲԳսΪ

ȻǿѰƽһֶּΣ㲻һǴҾͬھˡ
λ֮䣬һǲ˼˵һеģԱľ
Ҫô˫˲ɵ͵޾ޡ
ȻطȻʵϴ㷺ʿһطҲԸȥ
һ飬֮УԲעͻԱ
ҲֻЩǲŻ˷
ŵġ塭
ʮǿͬʱʩչ۷۱סҲΣգοֻͩĽ׵Ϊѡ
ͩһ޴УûӶݵĿԣǼҲ䲻
ǼУΪɱ״ֻؽá
俪·ǲܵģֻзһ;ˡ
׵ıͩҲûܹʮ۵
ɣ
ҵĸĸҵ޶ҵǣˡ
һˣҵ˶ãԼˣǽѵĸо

ͩĬԶԣͻȻʵôֵ𣿡
ֵãʮۣԲͬ壬ȴͬ˵
ͩʶ޵ľ޴
Щܹڣۼ𣬶ǿų޵֧֡
ʱ򣬻ܹЦԣ¶ѵ˼֪ЩһǶô
ϧ֮ͬսνԴνƶֻǴͬѡֵͬ飬ȴͬǡͩ̾࣬Ȼվ룬ı죬ο֮䷢ʱǸվǶȥ⡣
࣬ԣȻһµΪڰɡ
û޺ɣ㽫Ҫһȥ
ܹһһȥҰ
ͩ̾ǹȻˣϧҲⷽ棬Ԫ֮кܹҪͩƾǻУҲ䡣
ͩͷˣ㻹˴Բѣ
ûд࣬ʵǿĴʮ֣ҲĶ֣ϧǲ֮£ɣǡ

ӵϵȼϵĶɱһλ۽ӿڵ
ϧûУ֪ĵϸûжɱôôСɱҲûи㷢ô
ɱϡ٣˵ϵɱϵĶɱˣͩ㰲ĵغһµɡ
ͩʼ˵˼ŶɱҸҪΪһĶɱ
֮ͩʱ
ԭĿһ಻״ɱ
ܣôܣ
ѽôӵжɱ
⣬ԲͨĶɱҲǶ⼶Ķɱ
ΪʲôΪʲôûļ¼鱨Щ쵰ȫ
ţϢȥ
УûзӦǱ󷨸ϵ
ͩԭ׼ֲãֲá
첻ͩȻ˭ܹɱ
ЩԱĸǣһ䲻ģͩж⼶µĶɱڴʱԪ֮˭ܹκε۷Ҳκβֺͩɣ

ͩ㣬ú
ʱ䵽ˣķʱ޵ˣͬʱҲ۵ޡ
䡪ضɽҡԶ֮İ뷻Ҳܵ˾ҵ𶯣Һÿ˷ػ󣬲ȶ
ǣɷϣôĶȻˡ
ŵĪ
ϢٶȻȲࡣ
ռ֮УͣظͩѶ
ͩͨ˿۵ĺС
ͩôˣ˶صˣ۽ŵʵӦѾɳ̫أҽ㻹ǻذ뷻ˣ˵
ãҺúõģЩҪͩͩ˵
û£ǿţȷϵ
ǵģû£ܵˣûܹһ򾡣ǿϧͩҡͷ̾
˼ǣ嶼ˣۿʵ
ЩڣһǶʮһǿߣȫ䣡ͩ϶ػش
ãɵƯɷһȺΪ빦۴޵ĵشЦ

֮ͩ󣬾͸ɵ屾ǿ߳ʮ
ټϸ֯ʮλǿߣϵܴٲ֮ǰǿƵλ
ΪԭһԪ棬ʵȣҪǿһ㣬Ǿһۣںܳһʱ֮ʵƽ⣬Ĺ˼ɾࡣ
رϣǣȻһķչ
ˣӦԲˡͩ˵ͬʱٿʱ뿪ֳ
ûжã뷻еĲǿ߶ϵֳʮλǿߣͬһ̾Ī
ʩչط̽˵صϸ
ʵֻҪϢͨʮ̻ڰ뷻Уɳֶ½ͩһȾһꡣ
֮ͩĶԹͱЩ֪
ö˵Ҳܹµִͩսĵص㡣
սܳһɲǣ֪ʧأͩûļһս֮¡
ͩپ֮䣬棬Ϊ֮жǿ֮һ


525  Ĳ
ͩնλֵۣõɱԼһѻ㲻ϵɱ
ֻǶͩ˵Щɱöظˡ
˵ˣͩϵı㹻ˣҪװ
ҪײҪʹͩûãҲԵɲƸպҪȺһĻЩɱԷҸȺ⡣
ֻ߿Ϊղպ֮Ϊڵʹá
۰뷻һսΣ֮ͩ¡
ͩ˿ʱ֮ڱչս֮
ڴͬʱ˼ҵһսҲͩڱǵķõ˷йʱ滺
ֻʱģͩҪϵҶĥǵķν
ͩ˿̿ʱԼһĿȥ
νҲ
ǰ˽ʮλǿǰΧɱԼ֯ˡͩҪǲһǱǿ۸
ͩĿ겻Ǳˣۣ
ĵһǿߣ۷ǿߡΪĲϵԴפڴ˵һ쵼ߡ

ͬһλۣҲͬ۷ǿߡ
ǿߣôҲ޷дֻпʱձԴֻ߳Լĵ·
ˣȻܹ׼򲻳һֻͣס
֮ؿΪ֮ʱµϵԶ֮һ㣬ǿʢǧͳ졣
ԣһؿ֮ǰ·ߣֻпʿԼȥˡ
£ܹԴǿߣȻ׿Խһһš
棬۵࣬ӵʮλ
׵ıһ۵Ļ
ν൱֮ߵһҲһڡȺС츳ѣԼǿ츳ʹڽһؿʱ򣬱Զ󲿷塣
Ϊ֧࣬ȺӴλķ֮һ۷ϣ޼ġ
ҲͬˣھŴ󳬼֮УʵȻν׶Ρ

ͩΪ֮ȻרעУҲȫȻŴµģڵ֪˲١
ҲԼʶ˽⡣
Ȼλг֮һʵʵһǴھŴ󳬼Σֱǿһ֡
鱨ǿߣ֪ľһٰʮλϡûвǿߣԴﵽ֮࣡
˵ǿòһǰ㡣۷ǿߵĲϣƽ
ʵϣҲͬ̫ࡣ
֮λϣķ֮һΪڳλεǿ߱ϡ
Ҳ˵λﵽ٣ʵϣнԼнϵλҲһң̫ࡣ
ǲɷϣλԽ࣬̾ԽǿΪЩ۶ǿԳɳġ
һΣͩһ֮ɵʮλнۣʹķ̡Ϊ湦Ťת֮ʵ̬ơ
̬ƣҲʹʱܹһΪƵĵλϡ

ĲУλλõһУҲΨһһͷС
Ĳ򣬶ϡȫļ򡣶弶֮һ
ʮֹǣЩλȴһһΪλõԣģΨһľͷڡ
ǿߣɶڴˡ
Ҳʮ̻ܲڣС̻Ƽ֮
ĲɱͶⶴɱû򲻵Ķֻ벻Ķ
Ĳеռؼ㣬ݺǧǧ
ȺֻҪмϵ嶼Ƽ
ﻹ˵ܲڣ
νˣһɾŴ󳬼ǣͷˣϵҪע֮󣬲ŻܵȺϿɡ
µܵ˵ıκϵýӴµ
֮вԭʼܹ֮ȻķչҲΪ˵ıá
Щͼԭʼͱ߼ūۣҲ˵áͬʱҲʱһ£

Ŵ󳬼ĳӵһƱȨ
Ŵ󳬼µľżǹ˵ľ
˵ʾе൱ڵϵϹ
ϾǾŴ󳬼һġʵϣŴ󳬼£Ȼأܴ˵ĹϽ
ȴǳ淶һߣĸعأǾҪܵ˵Ʋá
оϵƲãҲоϵƲá
ͬʱҲǳԸµСһ۹ߣ˵ˣԴСʱܹһҶȥġɡ
ƤĶǣֱȵνϹҪ
Ĳ̫ˣȺ㣬˴ìܵġг޵ġйڵģ಻ʤ
Ϊ˽ЩףĲ֮лϰٴЩΪ֣һǱ̨һ̨
̨˼Ǳд֮õģ㵽ֹ
ֳ̨ΪԹ̨˫Թĵط̨
Ȼ⾺һֶҪ˫̨֮ͬǿȡ

ͩĲУҲǵһĽ׷УΪ
սҲס
ڿռ佻ƽ̨δ֮ǰȺĽġ
ȻΪռ佻ƽ̨ԵʣԴʲôģԴӿռ佻ƽ̨ϻãǸ߼ԴҪĲлȡ
Ĳżͷǳ֮ߡ
ؾֻи߼ܹɽģΪֻи߼ӵλ
ûλмôأ
νأ
ַ
һ־˵ҪһĴ˹׵ģѵ
Ҳȫⷢ
ڶ־ԼΣյķһַͶ·ûĸɵַ
־ǾŴ󳬼Ҳ൱ȫģҪֺþŴ󳬼һЩһ㶼Ǹӹ
־Ǹ߼ȫڵλпܻ£ҪȾŴ󳬼ҪһЩǸӹΪ·Ѽӱ֮Ĵμ

ͩҡڵ߽ĲУȻϷеĹԶ̻ܲȥ
ͩĳ֣Ȼ˷֮еĶĿ
Ҳ˽һ£û˼Ͼ̻ͩˣǺͩԹҲ޳ûбҪ̻ͩᡣ
ֻ̻ĴɶŻϢ쳣ע
۸ǵһʱõϢ
ԭԱۣʱõͩϢ֮󣬸ñס
ɶͩȻţƵҪͩʧ꣬ԭΪѾܵشء
ͩȴسĲУ
ʲôʾ𣿼ֱ˰ŭɫࡣͩǺ޲õĲƤ⣬ǡ
ˣͩ٣Ҫ֪Ĳ֮еоٶ
ˡȥ
ʵκʿΣֹ£Ļңָӡ
겻µ۾ȻйͩˣҲˡ

̻ͩᣬ³ͱ᳤̻ܻʣλĶǿߣҲϣ۵ǿ֮һ
ӭۣʶͩм࿴ʽ۵ĹؿҲвˡЩ꣬ΪĥøӻҲͻƵıԵٹãͻϵصǱչͻˡԭΪӦ֮ͬУͻһƿˣ벻̻ڼкʿһﵽλ񣬻˺պ
۴һ棬ڰ˵ͩĳɾòͰݷֶֻҪֱϵʦݶơ
ۺ巽֮䣬Ҳƽ۽
ÿ֪ۿڣͩʵ
͵Ⱥʱ޴롪̻ͩᣬڶȥ
ΪȺĵһǿߣһֱ˵أһ뿪ȻҲо˼ʱ
һ꣬ȴҪۣ˿⣬Ź
ʵϣЩ֮ʶʱ޿̲ڻཻš
Ҷű˴ˣǳĬû뿪˵ذ벽

ͩڰʵĴ֮£һɽˮĹȵأ۾ˮ̶һʯϡ
ͩռ֮оͼֻۣʵ֮еһμ档
¼ˣ޴˵ˡʹس
ȥæɡ˫ۣƽ˵
ǣλˣ¸ˡʳۺͩкһ˳ȥ
ޣɵúܺã˴ش壬նɱʮλнۣ˵湦ѾϱȺˣһȺᣬӦþͻнˡ͵ؿͩ˵
ɲҾӹҪ˱ͬǰǣס󲿷ָ֡ƾϲ˶ʮλλһӵϵĻͨǿҲԲǶ֡ͩĻ˵ʮепɽĺô
Ҫɢ֮ͩΪĻȻǱ޹˼ɵصͬǿߣɱ
ҵ֣ǿߵķֲͼôȥѰǵĻĲֵʵ
Ȼͩͽ۱ЩˣϾ̫ͩҲȫԵɡ


526  ս
ԭȷʵ뷨ģϸһ룬ĻȷʵԳͬ˹أΪȺ룬һǹˡͩƽػشĽ۵ΪҪȥԸµĽɫǿ϶ֵĻǻ˹أԿ࣬ǸʱҲЧ߽ͩʿ۸ͽʿ
Ļпܻͻ
֮䣬Ȼάűĺƽ˫ûֱӿս˼˫ڼѹԷķչ
ְҲġ
֮У֮İھ÷ԼһЩ鱨սϵĶĻǺ
ԣ֮УŴ󳬼֮䣬ͳڿս⣬嶼ల£ǶҲǽͳսĴ󻷾
ϣ嶷þͱȽˣֶҲйصģܳǿȥϵ鷳
ͺһʼͩ鷳ʱҲ۳
ȻĽۣǸʱͩҲĽۣ廹ûл˹ء
ͩ˹أҵĿࡣ

ǺǣܹվȺĽǶȿǣҺοǣ޵ɵ˵˵˥ǵ֮˥ܼرģĻܻܿ޷ɹһ١ʵڱۿ԰뷨ȥ£ȺΪ鷳ȵ˵˥Ҫۿ˵
׼ŭΣֻҪܹͩ˳ɹ˵˥ô۷۵ĲֻһλǸʱʵϣҪǿһߣҲΪϵͿս
νĹֻķŭͩİȫҪ
޷Ȼô׷Ź壬һս飬һսͩҡҡͷƽ˵
ģ۾ȵʵҪ֪ۿ۷Ϊߵͳ·ӣѾ˱ԵǱҲ˵ܹʤ
ġͩ侲صͷش
ҪȰȻ֮䣬뵽ʲôֹס˻ͷ
ҲգȻ˼֣ȥúϢԼ״̬ɡۻش

ûȰΪףͩǿߣԼ¶飬ǲΪ˵Ȱ׷ģʵϣȰͩͩͷպпܵڵ֮˥
˵˥֮˥ֲ˥٣һصǿߣ಻ʤ
ͩпҲһأͩԼ뷨ȥǡ
˵ˣҲܹͩ˳ضɹ˵˥
ڴ֮ǰͩһ֮նɱʮλǿߣΪȺ´󹦣ȺͩҪ۴ĸǶȿǣӦö
̻ͩסΪܹͩõ񣬰Լıظ˳
ҪС۱չص⴦ȵأһѵõԴأоİ֮Ч
ͩҲûƴǣдս飬۴Ϊתۡ
ͩױս飬߳⴦Դأϸ룬̤̻ᣬ̻ܲȥ
²۵ݵλ̻ᣬԲС¡

̻ҲλС
̻Ļ᳤ӭ˴ţޱȵسۣ˹ʱ롪
వжôֹڳ֮£ҪغǲٵģЩڣԵ岻
̻ĵط˶ӣҼ۵ĵ۷׷׵ġ
⵹ϡˣ岻һֱԸôۻŰݷã
У㶮ʲô˼֮ĹϵأûоԵĳޣֻоԵ棬û˵𣿡
ΣԵţ϶ʲôš
ϻ

̻Ļ᳤˳˻ң˴š
ֻۺλС
Ŵ󳬼ûв۷ۺ۾ǵϵǿ֮
ʮûһȲˣɣҳ²ΡԸһȲ衣
ƽʵϣһȲͼֵһͨɱ
۵Ҳûп豭һڣ˫ۣðźһں̾ò裬ϧԺܿҲȲˡ
̧ͷۿһûۻ֮⣬ֱӿ˵к£

ҵı⣬ʵҲġϧһˡóͩս飬˵Լɡ
۴ս飬ϸһƣ̧ͷȵؿʵս治µģ
ǡҡͷ˵
ѹֶ˵˵˥֮ɵʿǷӣˡ۾ȵ֮̾ǰҵ汳İɣƣǺƣ
۴ʱҲˣ֪ͩᷢ裬֮ǰͲȥΧɱ۽û̵ô
ҲʧأĵλΣ˵ʲôʱͻᱻȺȥܷ
Ҫ裬ôҲ裿۾Ȼûֹͩ衣
̾Ҿˣϧûáܾ˵ģ˵˥ɵʿľе²Գ֮
úãúðҸս飬ȻˣôõĻᣬŹһ̨֮ϣִ֪ʲôߵغ񣡡۴ЦŻش
ȥɣս鱾ˣ󣬱ۻִĵһšۺֱ׵˵

۾غеⱭ֮󣬲ſڻشţȻҲ֪Ϊʲô´ս飬վҵĽǶϣ㱻źáǣ
ȥ֮תۣдã¶꣬ʱ㹻ˣ۵Ȼ֮ɱڡ
ûж˵ʲôͷҲص뿪ˡ
۸ûã۾ѵͩǷˣû´սİ
ͩĳ治Сƫƫȴ޷󱨸ͩľ߲㣬޲ͩ
лˣ̨ܹ֮ϣؽͩƫƫͩġ
Ȿͺܲ
ѵı
˺ܾãҲ벻ʲôıԡֻܹͩӲ
ۻص̻ᣬһʱͩóһ״ɱ˵챭ɱҽ㣬Ķּ򵥣ԼСİɡܰģֻôˡ
ͩӹɱۣ˵ͷ㲻ɨ̨ϣʹʧ𣿡
Ĺأʤ߽ӵʧߵһսƷ

ЦЦ˵˱˵ҽģ˵Ⱥġ
ͩ˵ͷһȫԸġͩûƳ٣
۴򽻵꣬Щ˽ġӵж⹥ɱצףɱսףɱԴɱ֪ϵϵļ⻹ӵһеȶɱȻҴûмʹùɱ㲻ɲ⣬ĵǿٶȼ졭۸ͩϸؽ֪Ĺ۵ϡ
ͩҲϸţϸš
Ȼͩս飬ȻͲսԷϾһλ۷ǿߣ꣬Ķǿ֮һ
ˣ֪ľôˣΪĥʯûҪȫ׼ɡ˵뿪ˣûжͣ
ͩĽΪһλ۷ǿս飬Ҳȷʵǵ쵽㡣
Ľ׺ײһô򵥣н߽۵ķˮ롣
ۼǿߣһ״ܶײ࣬пܡ״Ľ׸٣ͬпܡ
Ƕ״ףǾķëˡ
Ľ״ףţڣҲܡ
״ףǾˡ

׺֮ر𣬶߸ͬһġ
Ľ׺֮䣬󣬵Ͼͬһ档
ͩ´ս飬Ϊһ㡣
ͩ׵Ϊôɲɵȥսǿߡ
챭ɱͩһʱ䡣
ɱȻͬ졣
Ե˵ĶɱֻͩԾˮ¾ȥֵôͩĴӱ
ܹ֮ͩնɱʮλǿߣΪЩǿеɱûһʤͩ
ɱˣΪ˵ɱԼĸǿô˾ͻռƵĵλɹ˿أʵڲҲܹѡ
ɱþǣƶֺͿƶ֣õ˵ʵʮɷӲһ롣
ɱļֵڶɱ֮¡
ͬ
ɱ֮еڶɱ
ɱȲֱɱУֱֲӱʹʼڸɱС
ͩһλʦȻͨʿ˽ɱԺá

ͩսϢ֪ôģջǴˡ
յϢĸӦһеֻеƽԶԣеĮģеĴ֡
ʿձ֪ͩ˾ǲǷˡ
ΪٶͲҪսҲԵȵΪ֮Ϊͬһȼսαôżأ
ǲ֪ĽΪʱ޿̲ڱǣľҪǿⲿѹʹǱľҽⲿѹĥΪ
ĽΪʲô˷ԭ֮һ
⻹һԭ֮˥ĽɣԺҡ󳹵׷
ǰһԭֻǿ׶εǿߣŬƽΪǵı׶ˣǻеľȣϣɹ˵˥
һԭʹŷʿ֮˥ܹڳ֮ǰʱ򣬻пӹһ٣ǱȻġ
ͩڴڵһ׶ΣѵģΪĥΪòз֮٣ⲿѹѹ±ǵΪ
֮ͩǰλ۴սһΪƽ֤࣬ЧƽΪǵķ


527  ս
ʱ䣬һξ͹ȥˡ
ͩ۵Լսʱ伴ڣԼսĵصĲ֮ľ
ռطԲ̨֮֮ǿļλʦ۷ۺɡ
̨֮ϣҲԾطһսӰ쵽̨֮ˡ
ţ˵̨ͬһּƳġ
˹ĲеоЩҲ˵ľԴ֮һ
ͩ۵Լս漰󳬼ȻһΪ죬֮仹ĬذһαΪžս⿪š
չأ廨Ѿʰ
ֻĸֲܽȥۿս
Լ壬ÿһֻʮս
Ǿɲ¸ˣʶؿ˹սһһֹѫ֮ʸǰս
Ͼ۲εĴսǿЦġ
Ҫ̨ҪɾĸԿ
ǳ߼ϲۣפڴ˵ġ
ͬʱҲһαԵĵΨһһĹսߡ
̨ͩߡ
ϲۿ˵λ㵽ֹأǲݣ

սȻǲޣȴ
ϲۿͩʵ۵˼أ
ͩ˵ͷشȻǰô˵ˣҲֻˡ
ãǩԼ飡ϲóһǿվ޵Ƥƶɵģ˫þӡǩԼԼԱ֤ӡһʱ䡣
Ҳ˵Լ飬ǩһЧֻһꡣ
֮ԼֿóٸǩڿظõĶԼҲһʽ֤˫Ը½
һºûɱ
ٲܹ
ͩǩԼ顣
ϲ֣صȻ̨
λްɡϲЩ˵
ⷽԲϰľ޴̨ҪӴķ˵ȷؿˡ
СģһҪŻ۴ͩ˵
ͩûж˵ʲôһ̨
̨һ㱦⽫̨ǣڴͬʱ̨֮ڵĿռ俪ʼչԭԲֻаĿռ䣬һ򱶡
˹Ŀռ䣬λλʩչˡ

ۣ۷ǳǱ۲ģմʮλǿߵѪֻԼѪϴ۱һֻչﵽ׵ӴڿС
ͩϵһݣϰասףֳɽ
ϵͬһɫֻ˫צһɫ
򡪡㣡һʱʹɱΪ鱨ͩûжɱ
ֲĻҰȫ
ͩòſɱ챭ֵ
ףȻ챭벻ǸϼһãͲڱ۵Уչ鱾𣿡۾ȵؽе
ɱȻǿѹͬ׶ԼǿĶ֣ͬȼɱʱ˫ͻƾ֮ʱ򣬳˼ӳǿòҲֻǰװ˷ѷѡ
û˷ѷ߶һõĶɱ
ͩͬ챭ûΪͩҲҪʡʹãϾͩķĴ󻧡ǿ߽֣ûİͩ治ս顣

۵צʽ֪ܽҼʽأ˷ܵشеӴѹڣӴ壬Щ۵ıǮơ
ҵһʽʽ˫һ͵ذθ˷и߶ȣȻ˫צֱϮͩ
ͩҴ⣬һնн֮ն񣡡
צֻޱȵؽ
ȻĽĦצཻһ𻨷ǳ
ͩܵǿҵķ˲סص˳ȥ
ͬҲܵ˷ֻΪӴֻǱײһЩ
ý벻㾹Ȼ׵ؽҵĵһʽۿڵ
ͩɫȻȻֻǽһУ˫ƽ֡
ʵϣͩףڷۻϣԼԶˡ
Ľ׺֮Ĳ໹ǲСģΪ򵽵ʱںҪĽʱǿھϸʤһ
Һͩ޵ɵ˵˥ڼ䣬ͩѾ˱ԴھϣʵͩԿֻΪϲѡ
ҲͩڿѹԼٶȲŵµġ
еʱΪ̫죬δǺ¡

ڶʽɾ죡һʽⷢһʽֻͬǸ߶ȺͽǶȲͬѡ
ǿһУǴʱĹ
۽һбܵĹΪצ
νצʽʱһģһ߿ٸ£ӸµعĿꡣ
ǣȻʽμһģһںȴȫͬնҲر
ڶʽצʱں֮ǿҲǿ
ɱȻǿ
һʽɱֻж۷Ļôһʽǵۼ׵
۵צߵͳʱմ·ӣնһߵˮ֮
ͩմʮ۵ѪЩ˵һϵͳԴѧͿԿߵ·
ԣֶͩһɱ۵ɣǾǴ֮
ͨʱձԴôͩͻһ֡
ȻͩһẦ£һǺõġ
ͩɲΪһ⣬ʹԼ׶ʱմĴ֮⡣
һԪ۷ƾʱմѼԪĻͩʱմûгͷ֮ˡ

ɵвС
һ·ˣǻ;һǵһϵ
ɵȴС
ɵУ˥µǴ˵ĳɵ֮һôʿֻѡһǸɵǰļһһƾ豾˵ɡΪܹһģĴɡ
벽޼ʿٶ࣬Ҳսʤһλɡ
һתޣ
ת޿ɾͿӵˣΪ̫಻ȷԡпһλ벽޵ʿת֮󣬻ڰ;޷صǰ벽޵ľ硣
ԣɵʿ֮Ĵ֮൱пᡣ
ͩУʱձԴ۷Լʱ·ӵʿǾߣͩ޲ɱǡ
ν޺ͶԹҲνа
֮ĸ֣ݡ
֮£ʿڴ֮ϣҪõö߲࣬ͨҿһ㣬Ҳŵˡ
ԣ֮УΪ֮۷֮սҪٵöࡣ

н֮أͩӲӲһӽƴ
צ˫ֲԼͬغˣһƽ֡
ʽֽʹ˵ʽ
ʱշŨ۵һ˫צϡ
צͩڣͩΧʱտʼı仯ʱջʱյߵʱ𵴵ȵȣڲͣر仯š
ͨǿߣҲܹЩ仯вͻᱻУ˳˯
ϧۣͩͨѾʱձԴֻΪ֮˥ҷΪͩͽˡ
ٽͩһûѡӲӲԿ콣һ
ͩĿ콣ȷʵ൱ֲ󷢶˲ϰٵ⣬׼ȷػۡ
۲ûзͩһ˱ܵʱѾһֻؿԼȫн
ĽâȻϵĶս׸Ȼһɵڡ
Ȼÿһ˺ߣϰٽҲ۳ԸСˡ
ֻؽ
㲡Ҫ
ͩ۱öͣɲǣ׼һֻؽ

ֻһ˲εǣס۵һж
ʽצûлĿͱͩˡ
ãҲ벻ͩĽԼĳצٶȻҪö࣬һֲȻ֮С
ֻеĿͽɱܹ֮ظܵ˿ڿϢš
Ȼ˵ٶȲӰ쵽۵һֱ֪ͩʲôɱС
Ҫѳȥһս׶༪١
ʽʣֱʽʩչʽצ
צʽܼ򵥣ߡ塢צ
һƣҲǿķɿ֮Լ񲻿ɵ⾳
˫һչһ֮䣬޲̺µʱá
۾ȻƾһУ漣شֻ֮˳תΪ
˫צͩץһʽ֮ǰУǿ
˫צ֮£·ԳһƬʱգʱնͩƴؼѹͩ
ͩһ벻۾Ȼ׵ֻؽӰ졣
Ҫֻ֪ؽĽ֮еͩԴ޳ɴ˽֮ô˽նɱ˲ǿߡ

˵ڴ˽֮£Ѵ˽֮µĴڡ
۾ǵһֻؽ֮ѵĸ֡
֮̾͸軹
ͩ˿ʽϣӲ֮⣬ֻһ;
ȻΧʱձһжѲͩ
һݣ
ͩΪһ⣬ʱշݳ˫צֵĹΧ֮⡣
նݳͩһн֮ɰٴ
н֮еˮб仯ҲһпལУɰٴİ磬岢ס۽ıкɱС
ͩôʱ˵˰ȫش֯
ýöݷ۳޵һι
ͩҲʩչʮʽ۶һ൱
̨֮սڿǾĶǡ
ĹڻһЩϾ۴ӿʼڶѹͩڴ򣬴Ϸ硣
ĹĵȻͬǿ߶ͩսǿܹɫйзʮɷϣͩȻ·֮С
ǵϵԽãͩԽΣա
Ϊ˫ϵľ޴࣬ʹͩǳ־սƷ


528  ط
צ̨Һǫ̂רƳսԵרܹ֮ܵս˫ֲನ
ͩ۴սһСʱڹҲˣ˵ûᣬʵʵһצҺ׻һצҪ֮£еĻͩɥпܡ
ɱ֮ܵ׷ΪǿԱԼʹʿʮֹ
ʣһǵʽצʩչƹԾ
ܵʱճԵ
ֻؽͩҲʾݽӭ
צֻеӰ쾹Ȼ޷ֹ۷ֺ
һצͩؿڣͩѪɵ̨Եķϣݺݵط̨ϡ
طֻи߽۲ܹʩչǿطĽطʮϡ
һ׵ıҲͩƼ
ҪǻƵĻҲ20ϣһжôˡ
ͩһܵشҲ̨µһ˽Ų

ڻ֮ͩ󣬲ûгʤ׷ؿͩվ
Ĺɻˣ£Ҫʤ׷ͩƻز٣Ϊʲô۲أ
ֻ˽Ƣ˲ûаɻ
Ӫ˽۵ļλֶһ˷ܣֻؿۡ
ߣֻһ࣬ɫޱȡ
ôˣ룿˹ۿԵĿջע⵽۵ɫʵ
Һ꣬Ϊ˽⣬ڲʤ׷ΪʤȯգҪ׷ܿͩʵͩǱʤֶΡ̾
ͩΣˣջҲˡ
ͩһԪŵǿߣ˳ɹ˥ܻܿΪһԪϣѼԪĵλߣϲ㶼ϣͩ;䡣
ûа취ֻ̨ĬĬΪˡҡҡͷ̾
ջѸ侲˵ֻϣͩսľٶеķʸˡ

ʵۺͿջ۶Ұο뷨ǻ֪ĽͨǷӣǳһЩ顣
ʱۺͿջҲֻͩΪŶⳡս
̨ϡ
ۿͩͶսڵۣʵѾҿ͸צһʽɣ
۳ʣȻһצ
ʽϣûб仯һצ̺ʱ֮ѾشԴˡ
۶ˣȵؽеһﾹȻһҪ벽ԴһʱձԴ
۵һצѾطķ룬ﵽ˰׵ļ
طµʿ˵Ǿ޷ֿǿط
Ϊط˴Դﵽ벽޼ǿ߲ʩչǿط
˵κµ۶ʩչط
Ȼֻ۶ѣʵϣֻҪԴܹʩչط˵ͩļ
ͩɹ˵˥֮ǰͩҲʩչƤëûյ
ͩɹ˵˥֮ʱձԴ˳µؾʩչˡ

طȻȲطͩҲӲӡ
ңͩҲɵӣʤȯյӣѾ˾ԵİܹսʤԼ
뵽֮ǰһצͩҲֻ֪ؽԷʽצֵˣ˵ʽˡ
ʽ±ÿʽǿʮҪһУͩҿ϶Լ׶༪١
ͩյǿط֮УֻؽǵڶǿĽ
ֻؽצȻȻֻؽɱལ
нͷٽͩû̺ķԴ֮ǰҲĽ׵ӣдԿ׳̶ȵĹ
ͩûа취׾ġ
ֻͩĽΪʩչļǴۿ۵ġ
Ҳ˵ܹͩʩչ׹ļȴףͩΪġ
һצͬʱͩûκγɣӽһ̣а
ڴͬʱͩҲܿļ
Ϲɱһֳﵽˮ׼

צһûκν۵צӻеֻͩӰ
ֱͩӴڱصõһצ۵üĴͩο»Ȳ۵ֻͭ۾ͩ۵ζԱȾͷ·ɻӵ
͵û۵üġ
սףͩһ֮£·𶹸һ㱻˺һۣû𵽰͵á
˵ǽԵʣǼ
ֻǰһڣ岻ܿƵ̱ڵأص̨ϡ
ڰ֮Уֻû˯ʶڽģ
ļǿ־ʱ򷢻á
Ҳ˯
ˣںͩսô˯

ڣ漣شӺڰĵ˳ؼ֮ŷԼһ룡
ͩΪϾǵһЩͩҲ׵ΪһҪ۵
ɲ˵Цġ
ϹɱʹͩһмɱԴﵽˮ׼
ҲͩΪʲôһɱͬ۵ԭڡ
Ҫ֪Щͬ۸ϵȼϵķɱϧЩɱƷԶֱƷǿ϶ġ

ϷתҲڳйڿĿɿڴ֮ǰѹͩ򣬶һشͩۿʤȯˣȴͩһӷˡ
ֱ˷˼
ջ۴֮ͩǰʩչĽƺס
пܣⲻ֣ȻûҲ֪ʿԣԴ׼𡣷Ҳÿһλɹ˥Ľʿ۷ۡۿڻش
棬ǽ̫֮Σգһȥһջۿ˵
ʵϣ֮Ҳȥɵ
ʿȻҲɵʿһ㣬һľ֮󣬿תޡ
ǣϲʿȥѡתһתطתطǾŴ󳬼ܽľܼһ˸ŪͨתطҲŪ
תطȻǿʱǿתطȻǾŴ󳬼ڷչĸʹʿת¼Ԫޡ
Ȼûô棬䶼ܱӡʧ

ˣŴ󳬼ҲǵĴΪתطҲΪݣоתط
磬֪жѾ˼ԪǿоתطĿǰ˵ֻоŴ󳬼ɹˡ
Ȼ޽еľҲʣ¶ˡ
˥֮£ת޵۷ۣҲұ֤ܹȻɹ˥
֮棬Ľ׾Ϳʩչط֮ҲǿֲĽ׵ʱҪǿԴ䣡۸̾
۷ٳ޷ͻƣΪٳ޷Դ
Ľ׵ʱҪԴһʲô
ʵ۸Ͳ˽ɵУһʿ˵ֻɵ䲽֮۷塣
´ǰǰ˵ʬǣҲ޷ߵ⡣
νŵϦӣ
۵彵˾ϣٽһ㣬һʵɾʮһˡ
ѹٶԶͩ־ؿͩ
ףΪʲôǰɳôλǿߣΪʲôһûлŻˡΪͩʵ̫ǿˣǿñ̬
ǿ

ףΪʲôͩԼսˡ
裬ʵ
ս鿴ռˣʵϣһӣ
ǩ̨Լ飬̨ʼ˭Ҳ̨
ʵ̫ˣΪ̨֮£ǲʵʵ뷨򶷣򲻹·򲻹ֻ·һ
λ۷ۣҲ⣡
Ϊ˵ĹأȻˣֻǾŴ󳬼ƿصһߡɷϣĴڻǿӰ
һЩؾ湫ϵģҲ˵ΥΥ
ңҪΥ棬Ҳ޷ʱڴ̨ȥ
ԣֻһѡǾǶܡ
ɱ֮УͩҲ޷κεֻ֮ܲ
֮䣬ҪԼеȶɱ֮С
ɱصıһ£ǲ׶ɱ֮еģֻͷŻʹá
˱ȹ֪ٴΣصı
ͬʱҲһŵƣ

̨Ȼǲ̨ҲǾǾ˫˭Ҳκβ˶Էֻ˫Լɺͽ⣬̨ܹ
ǣĺٷΪҶ̨ģ޵˫޲öԷ֮ɺͽ⡣
˭Ҳκβ˭Ȼ٣Ҳǲܵġ
ͩսֱ͹۲൱񣬾۳˵ͬʱ㹴ͨʱѾ׼ͨ
һӰʿգص¡
򣡡ͩһ
ܴѹͨӰ죬Ҫ붴ɱӰܿƵͣһ¡ΪֻͶǱֻסһϢѣһϢ֮۱ƾԼΪǿ־ѹ֮
ǣͩͳôʱһӳ˼
Ŀ꣬ΪͩʱձԴһӳʱհһܷʱܣӿռ룬Ҳʱת
ͬһʱ䣬۷ɱʱͩĽҲ˳
һҽ۵Ӱʧ
ԭسһ޴űͩĽײһ𣬴˹űһɣصײ̨ϡ
ϧ̨ĻǿޱȣܵػҲû˿ҡ
ɶ񣬾ȻǶɱòͲһ㣬۾Сˣֻһѡ


529  ⷨ
ű֮ڳսĹڶ֪ⳡǴȥˡ
ΪɱԳһ壬ǳ״ɱһ£Ҫ͸ɱ˺֮ڵʿֻʱմĴֱܲ¡
ӪĹֻ̾ϧֻһܹնڽ£ΪֳһС
ӪĹȴޱȣȸоָоҡ
Ϊ۷ǿߣȻ̨öɱ֮Уҳˡ
Ϊû䣬סһ۷ۣ֮е࣬رֻ벽ܹ׵ĴڣϡȱޱȡһʮĽ۶Ҫۡ
ֽͩվڹűǰûж˫𣬴ʶڸ֮ǰһ˲䡣
ղżűɲǼ䣬ʲôʵֻͩһ˲֪
űɲǣͩĽʵôһۡ
Ȼʱͨ˶ɱ
ȴԽʱյĽޣûдڰγ
֮ͩԻڳֽһΪͩӸղŵһ֮жʱմ̡һΪʵ۵ڡ

ϸһЩ۲죬ͿԿóĽʵϲû¶·һ֡
˵һ㣬˿Ѿա
յһͷǹű֮ڵۡ
ͩûаνҲִ͸һȥ˵ǿͨ
ͷ·һλǿߣֱӹ˽ĳλǿߡ
ٿһ㣬ܹ͸Ĥڣʿһš
ʱͨɱ֮ڵˣͨͩ˵Ҳ޷ƿصĴͨڷһУɺϡ
ǣɺϣҪάڵ״̬ҲҪʮϵķĲܴﵽ
ҪľԽԪʱͨ
Ǳȥάֵġ
ͩڻѾķάʱͨͬʱԼҲŬʱͨİ
ֹͬԪ֮ʱͨеͨʱͨⲢǹڣĶС֮СǵͨȴԴͨ⡣
֤ˣλԪ֮һλ϶ʱմѼԪĴܡ

ȻǹʱͨҲ޷ڡ߹ģʿ־Ϊתơ
ô˵أ飬֮УѾĴڣǽڣͻᱻǿưԪΪѾˣţҪǱ֣֮ϣȻŵļһ
ͩŬʱձ仯֮Ƿʧٶʵֲ̫ˣ֧ͩģҲڶ̶̵ʮϢ֮ڣһա
ͩɲİȫķѵһҲʣֻεشʱ֮ͨг
һǸʱͨʧˡ
ͩȻ̶̵ֻܹʮϢǵõĸ
ʱձԴҲ̣ʹñǵķõһƽ
ԭͬʿභ֮⣬ԴϵҲǿƽڱǵķ
ǰߣ߸ѣ
δ׾ҪȥӴԴһǳѶȵ顣
ɵʿڶ˵˥ʱҪȡԴСǧ籾Դͷ·һ㣬ɹ˵˥ǲᷢ͵ġ

ͩν˲䣬űĶҲͬһʱ仯ΪɻҶ䣬ԭɱͼöָ
ͩһ̣Ǽű״ĶɱԶСͩС
ڴͬʱ̨ΪԼϵľӡǱ仯ԶӦ̨ռСָԭȻҲʱʧ
һĻӪĹǿĵشԶ׼ܹͩȡ˵ĶɱֻһͣɱѾˡ
̨ȻӦҲ֤һ㡣
ͩһ漣Ľ۵Ϊսʤһ׶ǿߡ
Խнۺ͸߽۵ĽޣԽɱˡʵҲͩĵλһΪ֮еĶǿ֮һ
սҲӻԻͣµĸֶ֣һϵεǿߡ
ӪɾʹˣмλԸ嶯ģ뵱֡
ҺǱҲȫǱܹƵĸ֣ǳ˳嶯ͬ飬ȰʲôԼǩ£̨ϣֹƽıԣʵˣҲ޻˵Ҫ֣ɾĶˣ
仰ãĸ侲Ҳûٳ֣Ƿ߿ͩ

ͩս飬۽ս飬ҹӦȻڴ˵ļ֤֮£ǩԼȻ̨ս
ϣһҲκɿԷ쭡
ԣһͲں᲻嶯ضֵ֣Ļˡ
Ҫս˭˭
֮սһֱûôֻͣսļѹƵúܵͣߵҲ͵ȼٸߵľûˡ
սҲ
ֻܽìܷܽս
λµĲΣּս˫˵˽ǣõ֮
ɳĶǾӢսľӢ
ЩӢ׳Ҫڡ
λ壬Դ޵ģôλ񣬲ȫֻѡӢĲ֡
̨ͩܵǿߵĻͻӭ
ҷ·ӭһλʿһ㣬ޱȡ
ͩļ򿪿˵ɵúܺãߣǻȥ칦ȥ
һҲǰԼϲúֻ
һǿǣ÷ըҲֻǿ
ߣǶһ뿪ˣҲûͩҪ۵

˻ص̻ᣬԼҵ֮󣬴
ɶǲܾôˣһֻǷôһѪծһҪһ۴е֮һѪ۾ͩϡ
ûд˳һҪ
һҪ𡣡
˶ڽű
ֻλõĽûп
ȵйһ֮һλĽ۷۲ſʵôҪҲȥս飿ǻò죬ò𣿡
ƾǣһϣҲδ۵Ķ֣ڵѾվ˽Ÿܹѹѹµġ۶Ľ£ʵ൱£۷۳֣ûǿܹôһλĽڤ۽ӿڵ
Ǿе۷ֺ߳ˡһۿ˵
ܣ۷۳֣Ҫ㹻ɣǲᶯġ̾˷ɣƫƫûɡ
ϵıǿߣѾʮ֣֮࣡Ѿ˽ˣƫƫҲ۷۵ɣǺεȵʵǿ󣬶ǻͬȺ

ңҲҪˣٴĶԹ˵Ҳûɳ۷ȥԸͩҾ۷ҲδܹκεͩΪͩһɱڤ۲
ô죬ѵǾôˣͩңȥ
ô죿ֻܼڴ˵е˵˥ɵʿĹˡͩڻ˵˥һδܹùȥ̾
ڳʧˣһȫ
ϣڵ˵ķϣȻķϣĲò˵һַ̡
һǿߣͩӡһЩһ̤ʬǿߣĳ֮·Ѫȡ
ĺǵҲΪ֮ĿǰΪֹͩսĸֵУһڣ֮ʢһǿƵҲòâʱҲ鷳ԶԶؿͩͱܵ㿪
ڲͩΪѪޡʾͩ˫մ˱ǿߵѪһĿѪծ
һ˼ҲʾͩĿǿ֮УҲȷʵЩŷɥĸо
ڲµǿߣ᲻ͩǰ㡣

ö֮Ѫޡĳƺžʹ˳õĹϣΪµĴǿ֮һ
ܹ棬ΪǿߣսǿߣûʵĴڡ
һ˵ܹλдǿߵУ۷ۼǿߡ
£ûгΪ۷λдǿߵУǿϡ٣ͬʱҲء
ΪǶʵѹͬף׿Խĸ֣˶һͻƳΪ۷ۣͬʱܹ֮ͬǰé
ص̻ᣬͩõǿǵһ»
ֳʵ֮Ϊ֮еĽġ
Щ۶ͩǰ̤ͩλС֮УֻʵҪġ
νѧȺ󣬴Ϊȡ
ͩʵѾܹһٶλ֮УǰʮǰʮˡʵȻܹ۵غϿɡ
칦֮ͩ۵ס
ͩ´󹦣Ⱥ쵼ǶѾ˶һʸˡ۵黹൱ġ

ͩó챭ۣ˵ⶼöлǰĶɱڣҿҲδܹսʤˡ
ͩĻûаٻƨ˼ʵĸл
ɱòˣֻͩоˮ¾ֵĻ۵ʱ򣬻ᱻɱѹƵ̧ͷʮʵֻܷӰ˳ɡ
һֱͩ۽ײ֮󣬾ͺʹɱˣΪҲҲͩЩɱҪԡ
ǰͩϵɱѹͬ׸ֵķӣɱķǽλľ֮ĸ֣ɱҲϵȼģҲͩľˮ¾û֮ء
ɱۼҲռװȻʮ󣬳۷⣬ֻ׶۲ӵж⼶ɱ
һΣͩɵۣջ۵ŲһǼű״ĶɱǼɱòƣ
ͩķڲ֪֮䣬һ𣬶ɱףɱòƣϹɱԼ϶ɱʱ


530  ½
ͩĳɱ֮УֻбԴɱĵȼֻϵȼ𡣵ǹɱܹʮѹȶⱾԴɱͩҲûһҪĳ嶯ȻĻͩȻõıԴɱ
ûеĻš
ԴɱɱһеģֻǸɱֻҪþͿˡԣԴɱʵϱɱҪΪ洢Ͳ󣬳սޡ
ͬһԴɱȻûϸӹá
еͲñԴɱ
˵ۣûʹñԴɱΪԴɱ޵ģʹߵı仯仯
۵һٱϡܹɵȫıԴɱǶⱾԴɱ֮ĴڣҲûлõ
ԱԴɱһ㶼СӣЩһϵǿڣϼıԴɱҲδܹɵǵ
֮ԴɱƣΪ˲ЩС壬ʹǺǿ֮츳̫

̻ᣬ۵סͩ۶衣
кδ㣿̽̽գʵļıҲϡȥĻȰ㻹ǲҪȥˡۿ˵
Ϊʲôͩʵ
Ϊ򣬴ûܹų۷ڣۻش
ʲô۷۽ȥûлųͩˡ
ǵģҪȻΪαΪ򣿡ۿ϶ػش
ѵȺ۷治ɣͩʵ
ûдһǿߣͬ干ʮλ۷۽̽գһȥûãе顣ͬʱ۷ҲһҲûгӴԺĴأҲû˸̤ȥڸϺȺ߻ܣ۷޷ĵġ̾һϧӡ
֪ͩԭΪϵһ۷ۣνʧأͩش֪ҪضٱҺãͬʱʧĲֻ˴󳬼ڵģʮ

Ȼٴȥ˵ҲûжҴǣȻ㡣ͩ˵
Ҳãȥɡ۵˵ͷ֧ͩԮģġĿĴﵽˣһشʵȥȻ
ڶ죬ͩʰĵ뿪ĲС
ͩĵ뿪ĲУȻһõˮ©û֪ѪޡѾ뿪˷С
ͩɹشƲ㣬֮ͩԼǧ֮ڣȻͨǧתص½
׼ȷ˵ֱͩӴ͵ĴĴͨԴǵҪط궼˿أġ
ǶǴ½ġ
ͩһ
Сˣμۣ
ͩͷСҳΪ۵Ӻ̣ܶ󲿷ʱλλͩΪϤ
ҪЩ̫õĸ߽ۣڻԾλλд붼ʶǡ
ɣضˡͩ˻˵ת߳Ƿȥ

ͩǾͽӵ˶۵Ĵһˡ
ͩȻûлػֱӳȥ
ܿ죬ͩ˳ƽӭ۵İ칫֮
ۻӣûʲô仯ȵ֮ͩſڵΪȺ´󹦣Ⱥرǧɱ㣬ҪʲôԿȥȺѡ
ֺ£ĳȴ֮ˡͩЦеӦ
̸ˣֵ˽ˡȹϲɹ˵˥ʵ۵ɫ˲٣ٲղһˡ
ллڹϲ̫ˣȵҶɹ˵˥֮ٹϲǾˡͩףɫӦ
ЦЦ˵кδ㣬һǰźá
㣬һѾʱձԴһ˥һʱմ̤벽޵ľ磬֮Ѷռʱմ۷ϣһɹɹ˵˥ȻΪ֮ж֣Ȼ˵˥֮£Ȼһᣡͩᶨ˵
ˣɵһĨɫ
ͩлڵ˼ȴˡ
ͩ۱ԼҪʱմܹѡһСպͩг֮ʱǴ֮֮ʱ

ͬʱҲͩպĴ㣬ȻҪý£ɱʱմ۷ۣǺεȿΪ
ãû⣬ҪϣȥռûƳ٣Ұ¾Ȱʱմǿǣ
ɵĲ֮һǳɾ۷۵ľ磬ҲԸɵС
ɵ޵۷֮ʱͻΪ֮ͻпޱȡһƵĸоֻģܹȴһ
ڣֻҪܹͩ˳ضɹ˵˥Ǹͩ·Ҳûʲô˵ġ
ڶӣһչһʱ䣬Ȼҳ֮󣬾Ҫͬǿս֮䣬ĥµġҪȺΪѰʵĶ֣ͬʱҲΪȺɨһЩϰͩڻش
û⣬һһĴ𰸡ûκΪѵӦ
չô꣬ûһѵˣֻһֱľǣš
½ĽѾûչˡ
ͩҪĥʯȻЩжˡ
ܴģķսͩ㶨Щжǿ֧
ͩ붫һͻصԼĵ۹
һ檣ӭͩؼҡ

Ǻ㡣˵
ͩԼǣһƬůа˥֮£ĵĪԼļˣΪǣҲܵһϡ
ͩ˼ʱ䣬úõһǣȻʰչزʱմ
һΰȥˣͩƹضγزǳͩ⣬ƽķһǷơ
ͩòչأ֪֮ǰһսʱմµıԴֻѹΪѡ
ѹҲʱأĥʯˡ
ͩͨ䣬ϵ˶ۣ˵Ҫˣ׼ˣ
һҪĿꡣȥԼɡ۷ǳʹóһͩĿ
ͩ˹ɨһͷ
ۣۣ˼ǿߣӵж⹥ɱɱɱĿǰ򡭡
ìۣۣ˼⼬ǿߣӵж⹥ɱɱɱĿǰڡ
ۣۣͨǿߣӵж⹥ɱɱɱɱܹڤ塢壬ռ཮֮ڣһϵ塣


ͩʮǿߣΪ׵ĽףӦоС
ͩеᵽⲿƾȻϾѹȺͷҪ齨Ϊ׵ˣԸַʽ£һŽԱˡ
ʵǵʱƲеô򵥣൱գÿһҲòСĽı
̧ͩͷʵǵʵЩ˶ò°ɣ
ˣȻǲǣҪȴû̫ıҪΪǵĿǷ׳νĿսֻǵķչٶȡҪǣܺʧλεǿߣÿһλޱȣֵ˷ϡҡͷ
ֲ֣ܳԲŻǵڡ޿κε̾
ͩ򣬵棬չߵȼ֮䣬󲿷ֶźƽĴ󻷾

ɨЩôȻᱻĻʹߣϽս̶Ҫɾˡ
ˣʵĴҲδرõȥ
ͩ˵ͷܺãһһһǵġ
ǾͺãѾ鱨ǰѴ궨λãֱͨȥսɱɱɱҲðشЦŶͩ˵
ͩеа룬ôλǿߣһһ»ҪæϺһӡ
ҲҺ鱨æܹͩҳôλʵĸֵĥʯ
ҸˡͩͷӦ
Щ۶ĵˣֶͩԸǣҲʦ
ȻЩ֮ԸҶԿһΪҪţ׵ľꡣԣòֿһΪǵı󶼻Ӱӡ
ټз磬ж治١
ЩЩ׳ŸҶԿҲڶԿѣǿɲȥ

ͩõû̳żˣЩͷչͩһȫ˳ؽλȻʵ̫ǿϾ񼶵ĴڣԪ֮Σǲˡ
ͩһԴΪ̣ͥǧɱڡ
ЩɱͩӶŲѳĲƸ
ͨɱǿҲеɱѡ
ϣʱȻռͩʵҪ𣿡
֮аĲ飬һҲûΡ
ǵģ˥֮˥ԵΪԺܹۣڱҪķǲɱġշҴӦ㣬һŻġͩصؾ̬
ΪһŮˣȻȡ֣֪ͩΣǿ϶ģҲòֵò֪ӡ
ͩڼ˼˼ʱ䣬һȥ
ĵ̣ǲ̫ˡ
ԷǼڷ档
Ǹڣȣ˽ԵƽͶˡ
ڷĽΪǶǾ귢չʮμĲŲн졣


531  Ѫ
һĸͷԴء
֮УųɾϵǴӷԴȻչȥġ
ԣһǿ뷲置Сأ෽Դ½ռʮǧ½ʮϵǿ档
ӴĽȻռġ
ڴ˹֮УȻ򳼷ūۣ塣
˹ĽȻ֦ɢҶ˿ƣ˿֮еʿִʿ֮Ŷ֮
Դ˶֮һչĸҲ
Խ㣬ȻչٶԽ죬ʵҲԽԽǿ
֪ͩڷĽʮ½Ӵ򣬳Ҳжʮ֮ࡣ
ĽӴʵ˵ֻڵھŶѡ
ǿľżī佮ܴ½֮㣡
ҪīһԪĵһ
оŴ󳬼ѹƣīķչӿֲ
һ֪ˣīûк̨޵зչڵĽ򣬿֪Ŀˡ
ڵīеʱһչٶ൱Ѹ͡

ֻīȴ󳬼ˣͬѹķչǵĽѾûˡ
Ŵ󳬼֮䣬ǸĬ󳬼ѹƳµǿǳ֮ơ
꣬ʱҲͬǸˣҪ֣Ҳδܹ˳طչ
ĽͬţҲвûˣһˡ
ΪĴǣţΪҪռĴ½ҲǶʱܹ쵽ġ
۸ͩŵЩĿ꣬ǵ·ϵǿֻҪεǣֿŽˡ
Ҫ֪Щ֣ɲһ㣬̨֮ϣ·ˡǴ򲻹Ҫܣǲġ
ԣҪȷһҲҪɳʮλϵͬǿ߲С
׼ĸ߽ۣҪʮλϣ䶯ĲС
鱨Ҳǳصģ߸һǱ߾յϢȻҲɳԮ

۷۲֣۷µĸ֣˲£˶˶̫
չ֮£һֱš
ʵϣһǧǰչ׼
ֻһˡ
ͩһμͬ׸ֵԼĥʯ˳ˮۣҪҪͩ
ͩɹǰᵽŵ·Ӳʯͷ˳šͩûǣǱԭѣͩȷʵǵõĥ¡
νһá
ͩѡĵһĿһ˼ǿߣ۰ʯۡ
֮ѡΪײãֻһ⹥ɱ֮֡ϣ֮УüΪһĻɫ
֮ϣΪŵ֮һ
ǹͷͩ˭
ϵϵ֮޾֮Уޱߺڰ棬һߴΰںڰ֮Уɢҫ۵Ĺâ
Ϊߴ󣬹ƽռؼԱⷲһ½
ǰʯڷйڣйϵ֮䣬ϵĳ涴

ͬʱ൱һʯŵıؾ֮·ϡ
ͩͨ꣬ǰԶ
֮ͩû̳֣һУʱС
ͩбһ̧
˳ƷɳͻȻ֮䣬ɸߴȻţ֮С

ͩչذ꣬ʱձԴʱ֮õͨ
ʱ
ֱͨӷĳλܣΪǿߵļҷͬǿ߶ԣֱϣò̫
ֱûá
ΪЩλʱں֮Ĵ֮ͨͳʱգҪסǣϲܡ
ԣʱֻͨǽʱܣʱղ
˵ˣǷƿռ˲ֶΡ
ʱշ֮󣬾൱ڸʱա
ֶΣǰͩҪ󷨵ܴﵽʱط֮ͨ󣬸󷨰ͿԴﵽͬЧ
ʱյĿģҪϢ
ͩɲһ֣־ȫ㿪ˡ
ֻϢйͬҲ־ԮźŴȥ

ȻľԮѶҲô׷ģĽԽ࣬ʱԽ
ͩȻȫԮźţֻʱ䡣
ҪǣľԮźţܴ̫ϢԽǼ򵥵źţٶԽ졣
ͩȫװֳһʽն
һĽ⣬ֱϮȥ
ֽͬԱһն롣
̺֮ʯۣάת䡣
η󱲸˴󵨣һŭȣʯѾŭͩ˹
ͩһնɱϰλλƵλ
Ȼ࣡ʯ۳嵽ͩǰȵ漴뵽ǿ߳ˣǲζ׼⶯ˣ
ɲʲôС°Ļ°
֣ܾܿζһҪʼˡ
£ʯԼ֮£ֻ·һǷһǳ
ʯȻΪĳѡԶԿţһȫֹͣţΪȻסžƣŽرֳһĿģ

ʯ۽ŵؿ˿ܣƺҪҳܵǿߡ
ʯۿɲɵǿԡڵΪ˼ҲֻһȫĽ£Ҳᳬʮλ
һ֧ţһ£ȼ̻Ӱ˼߼
ȵǿʮϣ̫ѵġ̸ۺޱȣλϵ۷ķ
㲻ÿˣͱһˡͩѵ
ʯ侲һۿͩΪ˵ƾһĽۣҲ鷳̫
٣вУǾҪ֪һٽͩ粽ϣ˲Ϣ֮䣬ӳǧٽ
ʯʯ壬Ӳɱˣˮ֡һƷϵɱսףҲδؾ͵ǿɱ
츳
ͩĹѿ̫죬޿ɱܣɴȫӲ֮
Ľ۵Ĺʲô

Ӵ壬ľӲسͩеĽ⡣

ʯ۱ȫð˻𻨣ȥǳҡ
ʵϣЩ˺
ͩһֻ֮̽٣Բδ
ǧٵ⹥ȻƤëɼλʯ۵ͷϣȷʵ൱
ߺߣˣˣСޣڸ𣿹ʯ۷ȡЦ
ٽһֻؽͩ˵ͬʱ
ֻؽնаʯۡ
ʯ۶Դ˾ȻزܣӲڴ˽
ֻ֣ʯ룬
ȻʯҲۣȴû۵츳޷ֻеҲʼţȻٶȲ죬ȴǼΪ
ֻؽУѪޣʯ۾еΪϳͩ
Ѫ޵ţǿɲǴģ۵Ѫǿһͬ̾ͳǿ档
õĹϣ
ʯȻһֱڴˣͩа꣬ϢҲ˵ͩĿҰ¼׵ǿ߶ͩ£ܲ壿

ʯ۵һʱ䷢ԮźţȻ棬ĵһԸΪС
ϧѾˣȷʵñʧˡͩҡҡͷ
ʯ۷еĴ󣬽ʮʵһ붼ûֳͱֻ֮ͩУֻ¾
ɣɱͩóľɱ֮
͵شʯüġ
⣬ԲǶɱʯ۱ͩһüģܵ˺˺֮ǳԾͩбķ
ʯݺ꣬ٵ˺Ͷ֣ʶǺεȷḻͨĶɱô׵شķ
ͩûκα飬Ҳûлشʯ۵Ļ
ʯ۵˲ĥһ룬ʣµһҲڱȡš
һҲǰʯΪ˽Ƕɱԭ֮һ
˽лꣿ⣬ϡʯۻһ룬峹ɢԭֻ¼ɱ䴢ָһö
ͩպЩսƷó䱦Ǯһȣ
֮䱦Ǯ𲨣䱦Ǯķ幦֮һ깥

֮ڵлڽԱڣҪ֪ųʮƵλǧƵλ
ǣٶҲûãλ񼶱ǿ֮߳£ͩԴԪ֮ɨЩ൱ɵġ
࣬ı졣
ֻͩ࣬վǶȥǣͩѲﵽȥ
һУͩ˳Ȼлʱ뿪ˡ
ʯ۷ԮźʵûдȥΪʯҲ벻ͩȻʩչʱֹͨ
ǣͩջʱ֮󣬷ʱջָźȻʹ˳ȥ
ͩԼǧ֮ڣóڰʯ۵Ϲһ£˵һ˭أ
ͩ뿪֮󲻾ãλǿͻȻͳƬڰ֮С
֣ʯأаʯz˵
ǽӵźž͸ˣѵˣаۼ
ܰɣʯۺôҲۣҷǿӴޱȣʹǶҲôɣzɫ˲ŵط
Ҳϣܣǿֳ˸ɾʱշĲʯֲӰϵϵϣ֮⣬ң𣿡аҡͷ̾ɫͬΪ


532  
ͩնɱ˰ʯۣľ󶨣ڷõһƽ
ǰ󲻹꣬ͩΪѾǵĽ۷壬ɹ˵˥֮󣬷ǺεѸˡ
Ҫ֪ͩӳ۵۷壬ǿ˽ʮ֮ãһѪ۾䡣
ڶ̶̰꣬ͩʹӳĽףﵽĽ۷塣
ⷨǷΪͩŬѹƵ£ͩķܻܿ׵ļȥ
̫죬Բʲô¡
˵˥ʿΪ˻ⷨǣΪ֮ѡɱ¾֮;
ԣЩʿڷ֮бɱ
ͩ²⣬Ҳһֵ֮˥Ŀ飬Ϊ޷ѳֱģͻɱ¾֮ʧң֮˥٣Ϊɻҡ
ͩҲѡɱ¾ĥµģΪЧ;ͬҲΣյ;
֪ǲǴƺÿɱһλ֣ͩľԽһ֡
ͩϢһգ˵ڶĿꡣ

ڰ档
ͻȻ֮䱬ҫ۵ĹâЩâһʧˣƬָֻ˺ڰš
սһܹһ꣬شһͷϳһɫֻһ䣺ѪޣȻΪɻҶȥ
ͩսʣһ֮£ֳתȥ
֮һµϡ
ͬһĻֻǻһص㣬һλˡ
һεùˡ
ɱ֮𾡻ڣֳκκۼ
ȵĺģͩսһ죬ɹնɱλԻۣһλǿ֮ͩ¡
ɾֳ֮ͩ⿪ʱ뿪

İ䣬ǰʮλĽۣλ۱ɱ
Щ۵һͬ㣬ǾʲôҲû£൱ɾͬʱǻһͬ㣬ǾȫǷ˵ĳԱҺ̨ͬΪ˷ŵİ֧֮³ġ
ɳλ۲飬Ϊһε¼̫ˣ֮йľ󰸷

ǿĻ̻̣ѡԼ֮бչز
˶Ϊ˵ǿߣ¾˭ΪͲض˵Ҷܹµó
ֻûȷе֤ݣڵľٶʵ̫һЩȻǸøʲô͸ʲô
棬Ѿ½磬ļҲˡҪнŵǰࡣ
ȻЩٶԭʮֺõϢһƬƽǲŽвء
ɳĵС飬ۣӦһֵơ
òˣ϶ɸָɵġ
ⲻҪôϣľٶȥΪϸļ۷۶ûг֣ܹ˾󰸵ĸ֣֮УҲֻļλǰǵĵ飬ǼλҪְһû뿪ļ󡣡
ѵѩصǿߣֻǹӶǿߣ
ΪӦòǿΪӦˣִ˾˵ҪˮǵĿȥ
ԣʵ֮ʵ֮˵ľΪϾһβⶾֵĸ֣཮ŵ·ĵˡ
ã˵֮УǼλ֮⣬˭ܹһ㣿ƾǵʵ

仰˵Ĺؼ㣬֮Удͨ˶ô˭ɵأ
Ҫ֪ܹնɱʮλǿߣµصۼЩֵֶֻм򵥵ԮϢ
Сλ۵Դɹʶ
ڴʱСӵԮţԮŵݣǡ֡Ѫޡ
СλûжȥԮΪ֪Ѿˣ
ԭڳ˲Լͬؾ
ɶǱôģѪ뿪ҪϢȻûлر
԰Ǽλ֮⣬֮УҲֻλ½ɱ°
Ѿϵģ̨ϡڿ֮أҲܹնɱۣЩ꣬ʵˣǸµļһ
ԭѹˣ˵˵˥Ľʿ״̬Ĵɱ¾ڿֱɼ⵶켺ˡ
ˣȻ֪˭ǵĵ鹤Ҳˡûȥ˰ɣȥ
ǵĵ鹤Խˣλͬ

ͩѹڷˣڳ֮УͬҲܵѪ޵Ӵѹ
ҲٴȥСѱˡ
Ѫڿ۶ܹնɱĴڣ֮ͩ£ҲЩ
һͩսһͷĿѣĸоΪͩϵѾнʮλǿ䡣
ҶΪнϵۣ߽Ҳλ֮࣡
Ҫ֪壬ǿҲ֮ѣͩɱʮλۣռ۵֮һ
ֱͿֲޱȡ
ʲô߸֣ѵһ˲ɣС鳤׶ǿӥ۴еһųʲôˣҺûˣɾȫǸˡ
˶侲һ֮ɫ
ӥ˵ô죿һֱֳĬçţۿʵ
Ǻܷ֮ΧɱѪޣӥ۳Ĭһ˵
²ܣͩеѵеȶɱеԴеȶɱzҡͷش
ǳҲʦҪ֪ͩɱȻһЩĵˣɱ֮ʦǴ׷ҪΧɱͩǿǷɻ֮¡Ͼɲа۷

֪ûֱ˺սĴ㡣
Ϊڷ棬Ľ򲢲
мС
磬ռһ½ҲͬûнֻΪһЩԴռսѣֿսҲλΡ
λ֮䣬嶼ΪƣϣҶûг˺Ƥ
һȥɣǵְѾɣսҪȥӥȻҲֻͩǿϧð࿪սľ޴գԼʵûаͩ
˵Щһô죿ۿʵ
ǣѪôһɱ¾֮Ϊǻжôƾǣѵܹһ֮٣ӥҡͷ̾
²ܡۻش
˵ĸСǿһ߼ͩɱ˵ټ׼Ѿãʱܷ
ƼȥĻಲ󣬷཮һѵֵŴơ

ʵϣͩϵǿһһ֮ЩڲЩĻ̻̣ټεžٶ
Ļηĸ߼ʧӴ󣬷׷·Ǩ䷱Ϣλ֮УΪ
Ȼѡӡ
ǰĵأȻҲд½ǴڣĽһЩûеҰޣԴȻȲĵشȴǿˡ
ϡӼѣҪѣҵ˥֮ʱ˥ߵľǴԵʼġ
λ֮У棬ޣܹޣȻҪĵǿ㣬ҲǿޡԴϸǲüԶ
ɲȼԪС棬û汾Դû㹻Ļ֮Ϊ֧ţԴǳ
֮дˣᱻӡǣպһ߶֮󣬽Ѵ
˵ˣӤɳǱҲޡԣפֻȨ֮ƣջҪġ

ܱдСٸ壬Щ֮Уа˳齨˷ˣǩ¹ͬԼ
Ҫʼһˣ׵ľЩŵ·ϵеͼ
ЩҲ൱ǿġ
ǼһƽȻָǿߵϡڿƼˮƽʵսǱȷ棬ǼһȲࡣ
⼴ʹˣҲַ
ΪʲôΪһˣݬ룬ٸии󣬸и档
ǵĹͬĿǵ̲Ҳ޷ıһȺۺ֮ڵʵ
ǵҲȫͳһһֲܡ
ҲĻ֮£ͳһ
˵òӣŵĽŲٶȡҪչ
ΪͲʵ
ݹʷļţһʧܹģ

Ļ𣬶̶ʱ֮ڣЩ඼мΡҪ˵жˣǲܵġ
˿ӴʵֻһڻҶѡ
ǲಲġ
ͩɱ䣬һʣµĻûе֣ͩͺµضԼ֮УŲֱӲȡսԳ˵ľ
Ӵķˣʵϸһ
˷ˣһλ۷ҲûС
ֻ֯ѡ
ʵҪΪĵ֮ƾһ֮ƽˡ
ӲƴҲвٵ
ͩĴǿ֣߳°
һٶ˵˷һϵĶս
ʣµĳۣڱС߽۶ɵ£ǲ
ڽӵ׼ս֮ʱԼͬҪ·
ǣΪʼٸߵȻûţĬصȴŶԷɢˣȻ
˵ˣڵǳˣҲڸϾɱ֪Ϲտܱҧһڡʵڵòʧ
ңһ²һ£ܹѪţȻûбҪ޴ʧš
ۺʱɱһǧ˰١
ܹĬȻĬĺá
˫һĬսˡ


533  Ż
ЩʶҪ룬ҲһһϦ顣
Ǩȥչһ㶼߼ϵĸߵƫƫЩĽַǳӴռ½һ½ȡ
ǧЩҪЩȫߣԲһ׵顣
Ȼ룬Ǩ˳
ֻΪ˷ϮЩĴ󲿷Ƽ߽ߴ֯
ñͻϮʧء
Ȼ˵˫һĬҲѱôϾĬֻһ˫֮䲻ԶĸоˡǰֽǩµԼ
еʱǰֽǩµԼҲͬҽڳ˵ֱ˴֮䣬ֻĬˡ
Ȼг˵Ȼǿҷ
Щǿҷ󲿷ֶʵδʧȫĸ߼Լ·˵м
߼֮Уǿ֮߳󣬹ƾܹɵ̫
мǿĲʶѣǸûǸʵɻ䣬Ҫǣֱ׾١
ԣЩмڻҡ
ǵˣԼ

ڲµȺռ֮ٿ
һδ֮£ԲĲλ񣬶λ϶ʸ롣
ᣬΪռ磬ԣұ仯ʮ׵ġ
ԭ߻֣߻֮³ƣЩƣÿһ϶ٸλ飬ϰ֮ڣ
ܵ˵ƲΪ߲㡣Ϊλ
˿̾ٿʱ仹һʱʱ߻֮£λѾ϶ˡ
Ҷ˴ĺ֮š
ΪȺᣬδٿ֮ǰܼ
ԴҶûκμɻš
ϸͿĻ
ȻЩ˴ֵۣȻĵشͨѶʽ졣
˴Ż飬һĺûᣬռ´½֮󣬱ȻὫ½͸λģǿһ쳯֮
쳯֮
ĸ˲졣
Ҫ֪һ½൱ڷ⽮һԻһ½֮ĵĵΪԼķأС棬ƻ棬¡

һλΪֹд˵׷֮һ
Ҫ֪Ϊ쳯֮½õȺԽ࣬ôȺҲǸȺֵ
ϸˮ
Ҫ֪Ⱥֵɲôġ
Ϊ쳯ܹ֮ٻһܹõȶȺֵֺ£˭Ҫ
ֻλҲռҪɮ٣Щ½Ͷй̶Ĺء
һ˵ֻЩΪȺ´󹦣Ϊдˣ١
һͶ˲е롣
Ȼһһˣǰһ϶ǲȱٵ
һ˵ΪܹʿһǼȤġ
ʵλ֮УֻѾܷ쳯ܹ֮֮ҲѾΪ쳯֮ٷˡ
Щ쳯֮Ⱥ֮ͬǿ֮ĵλ൱ȻΪÿһΪȺսһѫ׿ֻһΣǱ֮ΪֹͣԲŻܷ쳯֮主

ΪЩѫǵĵλǳߣʸϡ
Щ˶쳯֮ȤȻЩ˲ȤǸȤǽս
ֽţܺƽ˫ĬҲһ˵һЩ̵ֿˡ
۵ĶΪսս֮Ļ⡣
˲гһ֡
һʱ߸ϣڸǵ߻˿жٸλҲϰٸֻҪϹӶܹó
ҲһʽǿʵǵĵΪŴ󳬼֮һȻνϵͣɷһΰ塣ÿһλڳ࣬һǿҵС
˳ûĸӵаλϵλӵϰ֮ڵλǳǿߣ԰Ϊλġ
̰
ͩλѾӵ߻ڶ
Ӧ׼ĸ߽ۣͩһĽﻹ൱۵ġ
ȴû㷴Ե
ٿ̹ŰۣҲò㷴Եɡ
ͩڵĵλԼʵɱġ
һ룬ͩմʮλ֮ǿߵѪûͷƤġ

һԪ񣬳ʼʱս⣬ͩմͬǿߵѪˡ
ԣܹͩڵҲ˳ˡ
ʽʼ֣ţֻǶۣȿһͷ
鱨ʾ˾һʩΪʧأѾʵٸ߼֯빤ĿǰȻ翹ɡǵʵȻСӡ鱨ܵİӰۻ㱨
оݣһλۿʵ
һλʮΪۣǿ׼λλ޷ͳƾ֡Ӱۻش
ͩһ£ⷴ˵ʵǲɣôǿʵѹܹסŲôáֻǿϧվֻˣڲԶŽᣬǲðˡ
ȻϲʵϣֻλĻ˲̫ࡣ
ȫʵһɣһʹ
򲻳ɡ

Ҳнһ꣬ûκεţǵĽѾ󵽵ھλˣΪȺչǱšڷϽ֮򣬹д½ǧİһȫ£㹻ʮķչˡѹƬǵĽΧλۿڽܵԣǴ˴ŵĿЩ½ǲİͼ
Ļˡ
ÿһ۸㼺
ΪżƻԼǻۣ磺ЩפӣЩ˭ɹ֮ƻʩչȵȣƻ̫ˣҴ۸ӡҪ˸档
ʱʱģϵۻĳλλ񷢱һЩпϣͱ档
ͩĿǰûй£ûֱϽλⲻҪΪͩҪ¿Գһλλǲ
һ˵ÿһλµİףȺָɵһЩɢ⣬඼ǸԼġ
ֻͩĿǰ˵ûǸȥ¶ѣͩɵһֱûչһͽܡ

˥֮£ͩǸȥ顣
ΪˣȺһֱûз̫ͩ񣬾һγǿߣҲͩҪ֮󣬶۲˳ˮ۵ز֡
ò϶۹ˣһ֣ͽһֱ֮һ
ڣ֣ͩڰ֮䣬ɴظɵʮλǿߣΪɨƽ˴İʯ
ѡɳͩڵʮλǿߣнʮλλΪϱĴսʽʼ׼ˣʮ֮ķͬʱ
˴ռµĽ򣬻ó֮һ;׿֮ˣʣµ֮Ļ͸Ⱥй֮ˡ۶սƷ֮һĴ½һķ䡣
棬չ㲻Ļ⡣
ԣ⻰һ˵͵ڸλһ׼ȷĻӦ
һʱ֮䣬Ҫսʤ
ܹģֻٲ˶ѡ
ⲿˣ֮һЩѾΪ쳯֮ǡ
ˣɢɣһ֣Ȩޣ֮еλϳᡣ
ֻ߻ϵһʮλǿߡ

ڣһ£Щλѡ˴Ŵۼ˵
᳡
ʮۣ׷׼ɴطԣƼԼ֮ˡ
ԭʥᣬΪ˲г׷޵
ͩĿɿڴؿһĻЩ򣬸ղŶΪʲôὫλǴ򷢳ȥԭ뱣棬һĻӴȥ
ΪĲǵˣǶ۽ײ
ͬΪۣȺ֮и߸ϣվڽ˵ĴڣȺ֮Уָ߹Ĵʡ˭ܹ뵽ЩҲо֮ͽһ
ͩǲһĻȥģʵ̫ˡ
ͩ¼ҹһûֱȻȥⳡ֮ȥνգԣǳȻ
λ۷Թۣûв졣
˴ʱ֮۲α˵ˣ
᳡̰
ʵĺôˣۣͬڳҲò۷ۼۡ
ڣ֮˭Ըսģɷֵǧ⣬ս׿ͼټǧۿ˵

۵Ļ൱ΪսȻ˻ɳʮλ۳ս飬ȻҪ۱ԸУǿзɲǲУĻ˵ĻˣҲ۽ײֳì
ܵ˵ʵеרƣλ£ʵרƣۼԱ˵ʵơ
ԴҲǴ̼Ŭȡ۵һֶ֮һ
ǿȨơɡǿλû⣬ֻҪܹۣҪһжܹõ
ͱȺΥ
ǿзɣֻʹ֮
һսһξ޴ʢ硣һɶӦһ仰Ҫõ٣Ҫ١
ûиȻͲлر
޴ʹ֮£ȻԸ֣ȻԸ֣ôмıҪվҪԼеΪȺûǿ룬ʲôҲֲȺ
ϸһ룬սﲻģ
²ö˵ˣ϶ٲˡϾҲһսȻз
ڱֵв֮£ܲƴ
ۼҲұ֤һȫ


534  ս
ͩǧսҲ˵ͩȨϰλѡǧս
ڲҪⳡսȡ˵ޣɮ١
ԣ߻һûãϵͰеͩˡ
϶ͨԼһĹϵ
ͩҲֵǣͩϻûֱϵλ£ǧͩΪѡ
ý˻飬չһ
Ȼͩĵλ㲻飬ҲͬҪͽ
ͬһͷ̧ͷͩҲԼ̫ϾҲһҪչġ
ͩеǧһ¾ͱûˡ
ɴ˿ɼжôˡ֪жλҪӵвսʸ
ϰλǶġϾλλڸ֮УˣҲԴתʱոԣȻԵöˡ
ȻŽǱλһ붼ռ
ǱλǵصǲЩϵģ˵ͩʦʣǱ֣һսûв˼

ʵͩ˼Ҳ̫սΪ̫˷ʱˡ
ͩⳡսҪϼǧֹܻ꣬
Ϊⲻ˵ѶԷĸ߲ȫɵͿԵġ
ֲɵ޴صţȻƴ
Բᣡ
սԷֵΣ֮£伫
֪ƴ£ǲѡӲƴġ
սʼ֮ս׼ԽԽ졣ͬʱͨţָԱ·ǿߣԼ۴ܶѾλ
ԴǵԨԳһλս
ͬʱⳡսҲռʮƷĵһδģսγľŶװʮƷսߵľӡ
Ҳսһװ֮ӵʵ˶١
ռ֮УһָӳָӹٶڣָϢϣԿڵһλ
ڴͬʱսϢϵͳѾ䲢
ԷӣܵϢŵӰ졣ָϣҪ˲ֹһ
ս֮ϣ˲Ϣ䡣һģʤתۡ
ǿƼˮƽϵľ޴ˡ

ͬʱԷҲԸϢݣ˫ʹͬһϡ
Է˵ʱ򣬶ԷҪָϢҲ
սָԨԼսʮλס
Ԩۿ˵һΣǵĿŽռ½Դ½ϵᣬǲ˳񼶱ľšԴ½ɲɹƻ߰ٸţʮλţλţλʮȫˣȺǲǸԮġ
ǵĶȴǧİٸţһٸλšԼλţλʮ
ʵԱ൱ԣڰźλŵϣԴơǣǿװϱȵ˸Ƚи߶ϱȵ˸ѹԡ
ͩװ˾ƷߵİźװʮƷߵλţԱȶԷЩװβƾҪǿöࡣ
ͬһźλţսϣҪǿ
ҿͼ˵˵ս𡣡Ԩ˵ţ̨άͼ

֮Уϵѡ˰룬ܿǵķâҲҵءǶ߹ԣȺʩսԣ׻ǵϲ㽨ٵǵУٵǵĻͳȻͨ񵱳ūʹΪЩƵĳͷԨ۶Դ˴սһԡ
ͼòͬɫͷţʶ˵˫ľá
ܵ˵ڹ֮УѡιߣֻҪЩߣȫ߶Էоţ˳ռнȡⳡսʤԨۿ˵
ҺԨۿʼʽʩűսĻˡ
˴սģ൱Ӵ󣬲ԴضٵİսСȥ
ֻһβսһû롣ͬģҲûǰ̨ˡ
սʼˡ
ʽʼǿ˵ĵһǿշߡ
̫ձݺսԺ䡣
˫ս൱ҡ

һڷϲϰ֮ƶ̨ϰ̫ձݡ
ôֲķȻֱɾų棬ЩԶԼЩ̫ձȻȷѡ
ЩԶͻµʱ䡣
սƽ˫ս£һζ̱Ӷûз
ⲻڣǶֲҴӲ̡
սһʼͲƽ
ΪǴӿƼˮƽʵǿͼȫλԽ֡
ͩʱ棬ʱմһʶսָӲȴԨ۵ĳ
п񣬵ֻͩһǾǰγз¶ǿߡ
˵ˣͩ۾ѻãרžѻ˵ǿߡ
ңҲͩҪģͩⳡս
ⳡս˵һѵõķչ
ǿ˵ûʲôԡ
ԣǿ߲սľæˡ
ûа취ȺΪȺļ棬ǲòһԼ档

һȥˣͩ˳ͻĽ۷Ϊۡ
۷ΪڡڡںͶĸС硣
һ˵ɵʿΪǵ׶֮󣬵֮˥ʱܷ
ʱ䲻˶졣
пΪոմﵽ׶壬̵ʱ䶼㣬֮˥ͷˣµǣɽ֮˻Ȼδ֪
пΪͣ׶弸ǧ꼸֮꣬˥ҲٳûжʱµľǶɽ֮ˣԼԼΪԼѾڵ֮˥¡Խˣ֮˥ٵʱԽ䡣
Ǻ޹ɣʤ
ûжɽطͶɽر֮˥Ϣ֮ͩļᶨޱȵʿҲұ֤ܹʱ
սָͩͻƵһɲǣԨۿͩһۣڹϲϲͻס
սָʮ⻰Ҳͬعϲϲϲ
ʵĳ˵һϣΪǵԽԽáͩȻ˵ʿǺ£ŵɵʿϾδˡ
ͩӶɹ˵˥ڣǧ궼ͻƵˡ
ҪĽ׵ʱͩʮλƴΪ˴˼ʵĻֻͩڵΪҪʼҡˡ

˵ְҪ˥ﶥţ±۶תɵĳ嶯ˡΪǵ治һĿ찡ǽ֮Ŵﵽ׻Ľ׶ѣҪף»ÿ޼ʮСһλ۲ȵؽе
ⲻǷϻɵʿΪǵô죬Ϊ˵ԵʣرܹƽҪĽȥһλ۴Цŵ٩
ҿʮڸнΪҪȥɵĻ˵ʵԼҲûġ⻰˵൱ʵôͬǰҲûбҪӡ
ˣɵѣмõĵӣҲ޵ɵ֮ǿһλҲﵽ˵ڶ˥ˡģɶûУ־֮¡ɵǲգ죬ûеԣ·עԵǶԨ۳Բ˵
һԪֻͩ˵˥һ˥㲻۵ǶҵƽƽԨ۹ͩ
ǣͩͷӦ
ԨۺȻ֮䱻һµս鱨˵ף׻ôô

׻ۣǵֿ֮Уеļλۼǿ֮һ˵Ӧ󷽵ļ߲ǡ
ֻڰײҪ֪߿һλ۷ģҪײ۷ۣǾѰ·
׻ȷʵԾһ߶ûȫ򴩣ǰߵŲŸոԷľŽ֣ǹأʤʱ֮Ƿֲģ׻ѵ䲻⣬ǵţαսָӲıĿջۿ˵
䲻⣿̫Сս鱨ˡ
ޣͻףӦҪһĶְɣλ׻ߵ׻ڵ·ӣĹҲڶ߽֮ǿļλ֮һʵ൱ǿ꣬ϵǿߣҲδؾͱ١ҪСӦвɴ⡣ԨΪͩ˵
׻ڣʵϾʱմĺ֧֮һ
ñԴ벽޵ľ硣
ҪѼԪǱԴɲҪѱԴ۳ɵ֣ȻϲС
ַ죬ǧΪ֮һԪС챾ԴԲ벽ޡֻܹѼԪ

һ˵ɵӺ챾Դ֣
Ϊ챾ԴԱ챾Դöˡ
˺챾Դ֮˳ؽ۷ۡɵʿڶɹ˵˥ʱѶҪСһЩͬʱһɹ˵˥ͬԳɾͰ벽޵ľ硣
ʱʿɵʿǵԪ޵ģʱǿдѵʱ챾Դȥ
˵ˮ֮ΪҲΪʱմͬΪд
ľ֮ԴΪдҲΪ
׻ԴΪʱմͬΪ
ֿ֮֮ԣҲ˵ߺ֮·ãֱ֮·á
ͩɴֱ࣬Ӿѡʱմ֮·ĺôǣ·һͩɹ֮˥ͻɹز벽޵ľ磬ʱͩͲȥר֡
ͱЩԺ֮벽޾ʿҪõöˡ
ߺ֮ʿһûа취Լĺ֮ɹΪӴԺΪнѸ


535  
ͩĳɹ·ߣʵϣԶ֪֮жʿΪ̫ߣĿ챾ԴϣǷ׷׵˵˥ϣЩʿܹ侲һЩѡߺ챾Դ֮·ĻǾͲ˵˥档
˵˥ϻǿʿԵĸ򣬶ԴԽһ˥ѶȾ½һˡ
֮ߺ֮˵պ˶ѼԪҲ˵
ͬҲвԺ챾ԴɾͰ벽޵ĴǣһҲ޷ԴԶסڳѴ֮⣬ź
˵ԿɳѡֻʿԼѡҪкԼʵһѡ·ôҪھˡ
Ҳ˵һܺڣʿ֮ļᶨѡһУתޡ
д˴ϵʿȴ֮١
ͩԼŴѾ£ͩҲδݴҷһУͷ
Ϊɵ־ѡ˥ֱǲģͩߣҲòľ
һ飬ͩҲұ֤ԼЩ֮£

ͩӵ񣬵˵ͷ˫ۣ˿ֳ˾ųɣֻҪսָ߱һӰ
ͩı壬ʹʱ鱨Ÿ꣬ƿսĿռռ˵ս󷽡λڵһڶ֮䡣
սָңͩһ˿ʵѾĿ긽ȴûзĿ걾ˡ
鱨ʲôµ鱨Ԩתͷʲı
ûиһ鱨׻۾һʧġ鱨Ĳıڻش
ͩûжʣ±˫ۡ
ͩıʱ֮˳ʱԪ֮С
ͩɢϸһɨ֮ⷢ˲Ŀռ䲨ͩ˹ȥ˴һͨǣ
һСϵֻһźǺɣһ̬ǣһǣ֮Ǽʯ
ڶϵ֮Уͨһۡ
ˣ֮ʲôصġͩɻ󲻽³
ͩԴ˵صҲɵ˼ͬʱϰԵؽ

ͩó˰̣֮ʩչ÷
ʱ֮䣬޾ָͩͩҲĬĬš
һͩ㣬˫ۣоâһһĨǻ۵Ĺâ·֮£һ㣬¶ŵЦݡ
ͩǣǱ½
٣һռ䲨ͩЦһĨмı顣
ͩһѹǰ˿ѹ֮׵ĺڰȻ̧ͷѹϷ״ĳա
Ϊǿռ䲨ľͷͩʱմ裬ȻܹóǴһؾռ䡣
Ȼ֪⴦ؾռ便ǰµģΪʱٳġ
⴦ؾΪ⴦ؾأҪһ̽
ϧͩҲǾͨ׵ӵ׵Ĵͨ
⴦ؾ֮Удգۣ˵澿жٿʵֶκͲá
ͩȻ֣Ҳɵֵ֮С
ͩڵɣһǱʣµģó԰ˡ
ֻͩһ֮ûκηӦƺͩԼݶϷһ㡣

٣ΪǿЦ𣿡ͩһóһн֮ش̳
â̴գһš
һԭǴռͻȻ͵̮ȥ
žͿĵӰΪǱش̮֮˳
ͩϸһƣĵӰֱ׻̫ۡۡԶۡۡ
λǷ֮Уִǿ֮ģ߽ۣҶǾþսĳǿߡ
е׻۸µĴǿߣͷͩ³ļһҪʢ֡
λ۳Ȼͬͩϵģһ۲۵塣
ϧȻõ޷죬ȴͩ÷ʶơ
䣬֪ͩʵǿ֮⣬ͨ׵֮
Ҫͩһλ׵Ϊʤͩĸ֣ͩ㲻
λ֮̽ͩΧͩ
̫ۿ˵Ѫ޹Ȼ鴫ǹģοҵȲõģ
Ϊֱͩشͬʱʵǲ壬òΪİɣ
ǣ֣ԵÿһλۣҲû뵽ܹ㡣׻ֱ׵ػش
ֻ֣Ҫǿǰ鿴С

ֻȴͩҶԷûȫ֣Ͱ֮ǰһøˡ
ԣ̫۲Ż̾ͩ鴫
ܹѪޣҵ⡣ҲҪһͨȼλѵѪԼɱʮλǿߵޡɭ˵
˵һսĵͩɱ˷˵Ĵмʹϵ˳Աľ潻սʹ˴ڲ߽⣬ڵĳɡ
ңһǿ廹ֵΣ׻ۡ۵λܲͩ
ȻˣǾͲҪˡԶɱڵ˵գȫװ
λۣӵж⹥ɱ׻𡢽̫λ۳˶⹥ɱ⣬жɱ׻ɱҲӵС
׻ܹΪĴǿ֮һǴװϵ뱸ƾܹһ

ͩ侲ɣҲΪۣΪϣλ̫ࡣٴҶףֻΪһСΣͩ˵ʲô
ͩҲǵһαΧúˡ
λѣվҵȱ֮ʱۣʹϺһˡϵȷɼףóһɱԹˡ
ɱѪޣܱѩޣܶϾһѼԪӡԶֳһ˫Բ׳Σޱߡ
ˣҲҪóѹ׵Ĵˡ̫óһ״ɱͬˡ
׻۵װҫ۵ģӼףֳһ˶⼶ķ컭ꪣȥͷ·ǹŴսϵĴ󽫾һ㡣
λۣԶĬѹĸɱ֣ǿǰˡ
ͩף챭ָ䣬ֳͷʱ
λĬۣͩɲ˿ʵ뷨
ͩսҲмλˣÿһλڲʱ£ʤ൱ѣþȫ
ͩλĬ֣л׻ĴǿߡͩҪǸʵ֮أ

ͩȻ԰ţԲԴ
Ȼжɱô۵űһȵؿͩͷʮ㷽ⱦʵ
٣汿˱ƷеϣиĲãοȥűԶ۴
ʱʱûмȫܣɱ豹档ѰѼĿ׻۵һ۳Ŵ󳬼ȻʶɱǶͩӵһ϶ɱ
Ͼɱ쳣Ϳˣƽһеȶɱֵͳ˶⹥ɱ˵ϼĶɱˡǶⶴɱҲܡ
ԣȻΪͩʱеϵɱ
˵ˣ۾ҲѷһɱƷ
׻ѣжɱҪ֮У¾۷ҲκβǻҪ𣿡̫˵ս󷽣侲شʵ
ϧñ٣ǶɱҲаսסӡһʱӣ׻ҡͷ̾
֪֮䣬ͩʱ֮󣬼λ۵ɱҲ

ѹôĴǻԭϵȼĶɱ׻Ƶظ̾
Σһ˵۴е˿Ҫ׸ɵͩǲʵģ֮Ȱͩһ٣һڶ˵
ܹѪˣȻòˡܣһλѪ޵ƤҲǺõġ
촩ʽɱ񹭣һʸ֣ڲۣʱշڷԵҡ
ʸңδ֣֮ۡС
ͩˣµΣӿͷֻͩûҪƻ۵ơ
һһ֣Ȼʯ쾪ͩҪһ˵Ҳˡ
Զֳ˫ͩҪ۵ͼ
ߣӱһ˵촸ʽ˺أ
һ¡
ֲͩͩ
ڱ棬һķԴ
̫һ٣̫֮̾
ͩоΪ֮һͷ󺧣֮ĪȻܹӰͩĸй񾭣Ҳ˵ֱӰԪ
ڣԣֻӰ˶ֲ깥

׻۴˿׻ףз컭꪿׼ʱ͵ػһΡһУ׻Բͨն
ư£ʵնȴһԲն
ͩĶӰ죬޷ܣڴͬʱͩǿԼȥм׻۵һȻ¶ôһֱͩ۱Ȼż
ֱһศ֮£ûҲᱻƳǿͩڶԷһֹ֮£Ѿмˡ
ϧҲʱ˲ãͩһûб˼ͷϵʱȻ֮䴹ɫ⡣ͩС
һµԲնб⣬һ˿Ҳûм𣬾ʧ
̫֮⣬ָͩԳж֮
ͬ޷ͩϡ
ͩǿƵİѡ
λΧͩе⣬ôܣ
λ۵Ŀתͩͷʱ̾ѵǶɱǿ𣿡
ѹֵ֮ɱ˽ԿɿӵС
汦ѹֶɱΪһر


536  ޱ
λȻӵйɱǵֶܹɱķЧɱսǲͬġ
ɱս׵ķҪڼ˺棬ʮɹԼٵһɣսȻܵ˺ֻССһɣٳɶ֮Ҳǿɱ˵ġ
ɱķҪڹܡת޺͵ֵϡҲ˵ֻҪжɱϣκιܴɱȥ
б´ƶɱֻ߿ٴ͸ͬԪʱͨ
ǰ߻ϲܣΪͨĶɱΪԳɶ죬ܹбһͨɱӲ̶Ҳϵȷɱ
ҪһɱеڻһСǧһ㡣
ͩʮʱʮСǧ繲ͬܶɣʾĴϴҲﵽɱĲΡ
ϣǲܱģҲ˿ˡ
ϼĶɱƾǿҪٵɱ쿪顣
Ը϶ɱӵߣֻѹӡѳɱ
ͩԼɵܵԪ֮С֮ȥ

ǳɣ׻ۿͩĶɱ⻹ͩʱҪɱ棬ǿľϻҧ꣬޴ˡ
ȻЩʵûȫӳͩ״Ķɱľκβ
ͩҪߣҲٴȥҲ˷ʱ䡢˷ѷ
Ҫͩ˵ĸ˶ˣڹϣɲˡ
ʵۺͩҪˣ˻ȥˣҲһ׻ߣǿҲǼˣҪˣպս֮ʣȻԴ
ϲϣ롣
׻ۻǷǳоϵģϵؾΧɱͩ˻ȥ
λˣҲԼͬͬ׻۵ľ
׻ۼͬľһ£ֱӳˡ
ҲĬͬʱˡ
Ϊ֮һͩɾͲˣ߾ߣʵ̫Լˡ
ңλʶͩĶɱͩ׵ط뿪

Ȼ˵ͩʱյĵλʵҲ±¶ԼӵжɱʱĹܹһգҲǺõġ
ӵжɱĸ֣Ȼ粢࣬ҲûСǶɱҲÿһͨһ
ɱԳɶѹĹ֮ͨ⣬ЧǸ촦ġ
ĶɱֻЧãûֻͨܵһڹá
ƷĶɱ͵ʱһ㣬ͷűӵѹӡյͨȵȡ
ʱģʵǷǹ
ӵдͩһ뱦ǼԪ֮ѹӡУҲԴģͩҪǷò̫ԶĻԽ֮˱ѹļԪ֮Ҳпܵġ
֮Ԫ֮۷۱ͩ뱦ҲǱɵġ
ֻһֱͩû¶ʱǿͨ
λۣͩҲòű¶ʱ̫ǿֻͨΪöѡ
ߣô׵£ȫ£ͩһ˵

򣡡ͩһȡ
ֻͩͷı˳ȥգ֮ñǽµǻҪӴ󣬴ֻѹ˼֡
Ӵʱ֮
λɢݵۣͬʱܵһεľ
·ѹϡ
ǿ۸˵ܹǨ֮Ӵ½˵˴ܻͨᱻơ
ʱѹ֮ʮСǧ磬ͨͷųѹ
˵ۣ۷Ҳá
ʱֱͬӴӵرʼѱ
ֹλ۵֮ͩһĨ
ɱͩһ̵ֱĿۣ
룡ؿͩһ֪ͩ¼ڣҪһʮа˾žˡ
ɲҪ֪սҪǴ򲻹ǿӵ彮Ѱӻ
һݣֱӵ֮ӴĤڼв֮˷档
Ȼƣֵͩıɱ֮
ʵռ䣬Ҫ൱ֲɣΪ׵ͬʱҲڽֱɺʹǧȵС档Ȼᱻ泹ųȥΪ档

λѾһСˡ
ҪǷɾܹ˱Σ
״ȴݲۿ̫ࡣ
Ȩȡᣡ
ִĤڼв֮ԼͨҲֻи߽۲ӵУҲÿһ߽۶ܹ
һ£ҲһԲеĹطгʵӴǿƵɱǿСɱһǧ˰٣
ûõġͩļɱҪ׾ͱ£ǾͲǿͽؽˡ
ϣͩһĽƷһ¥
̴ֻռĤڣ͸ռ䣬׼ȷشü֮ڡ
ôܣҲʰۻںޱȵؽеȻ㱻꣬ľɻ
ֿͩһͩ͸оһԵĿƣۡ
һͩҲɣһ֮£ȥ˳ɡ
Ҫ֣ͩҲʱʹط
ͬʱʹɱڷۺ̶һĿ顣
ʿԣĶʿһӲˡ

׻ۡԶ̫ۡؿۻΪɻҶ䣬һĸо
Ϊֵ֪ۣͩˡ
޴ˣһԸΪūֱ̫ͣˣ˱˵ūͣȻţʶǻ۶ܵӰ졣
ͩˣȻһټˣǿߣҲ̰Ĵڡ
֪㲻㽭ԽϣԽСԽߣԽ
ãſػͩȻܾһ߽ۼūͣҳΪū֮󣬽̫ҲԶ޷ٷˡ
̫۹Ȼſ꣬ͩ׵ԼӡǣΪǶԷԸͩҲûзʲôͳɹذѽ̫۱Լū͡
̫ˣ
̫ûĻ쵰Ƕҵ棡Զŭ
̫ȴǳţظͩһݼˡ
ū;Ҫū͵ӣ˶ûзūʸ˵ԣ̫۶Զۺ׻۵ûκλӦ
ͩص˵ͷͩԼҲ벻һξȻôһջ

ͩĵĿԶۡ
ȻйϽǾǵˡȥˣͩض˶һۣ˵
ɱͩʹĽɱС
ԶȴǴЦ˵ɱң
ͩһĿʱԶϺȻ¶˹Цݣе׻ҪӳȥǵøҺѱ𰡣
ͩԤеԾϽս󳷡
䡪һλԱ壬Ǻεȿµһ¡
Ե
ʱѹͨȻȴס˼һλҪԱ
һλ۵ԱҲȷʵӰ쵽ʱʩӵѹ֮
׻۳ôʱ͵ȼ壬ǿûΪһҪܡ
ͩ˿Ҳ˲׻ˣҪĿ籩
ɲģͩ׻ȥųɵ˺ʣµһɣҲ㹻ͩһˡ
ͩһɴסʱѹʱյĴͨѹ֮ȫѹԶ۵Ա
̫ס׻𣬲ˡͩͬʱԸ

̫٣һ
̫֮
ֹûκɱȴͩܵӰ죬൱
׻ȻףķɶݵβסͣȫƺʶҪ趯
ɶ񣡡׻ŭ˿ɵü
ǻʱ任ص㣬׻뽪̫һһĻ׻Ȼֺ
ʱҪǲϽͩ޷ʱӵҲᲽԶۺ۵ĺ󳾡
ңԶԼΪûᣬҪ˷˵Ļ׻ҲȥǸʱ򣬱˵պ󱨳ˣСҲˡ
ͩסǿֲ籩ѹһţȻͩ˺˿ռѷ죬ʱ籩˽ȥ
ҪǱըӿԻٵΧʮϵһϵеѺͱ仯ܻӰ쵽ڽеսҲ˵
˵Զ۵ԱʱҲйⷽơ
ԣͩػЩˡ

Զ۵൱ȷһ׻ܣս̡
ͩᣬ͵ڽһֽͩţ׻ȡʱ䡣
һеƾԲһɲǼõģͩնɱ֮ǰѾʼˡ
ֻû뵽̫ۻûйֱͶԸͩū͡
ҲʹƳ˲Ԥı
ͩ㶨ѹס籩֮ڳˡ
׻ҲˣΪͩͨʵ̫ǿˣһͬǿߵĽԱκãûѶֽž͸㶨һС
̶ͩɱʤң㲻ʲôӢۺúɢ浶ǹƴһѣ¹˭֡׻۴ȵ
ͩҡҡͷ׻ۣǳǰҲǵһˣ㣬еɱˡƽһս
ͩҲǲѵ᲻ףɱҲʵһ֣
ܹ֮ͩУ˷ˮǾΪͩʵǿģʵкܴһǿǿгġȻĽǿط
һϹɱһһ޷ȫϹɱܹͩͬǿ֮޵УΨҶ
۶ܹջū͡
ɱҪԲԶˡ


537  Ѷ
׻ҲˣͩϣͦйԱ塣
λ֮֮޸ϣˡ
̫˳ءӡ˻ȥ׻۵λ߽Ϣ˻ȥ˵ڲȴǶλ߽۵Ľ𾪡
һʱ֮䣬ڲʿһγĪĴ
ԭ˵ϲʵϲʵܵ˳صĴⳡսٴȥ½ϡΪǴİźλţҲԲλźλǿߵĶ֡
ʵϣǳ⣬ûκεơ
ûóȫɳʮʮİźλҲǲܵġ
ŷصƣҲһʱѣ浽˾ս֮ʱܾҲ޷صġ
ŷ߻ûбȫ򴩣ʱųˡ
ҽ̫۾һ֮󣬾ڻűĳˡ
̫ڵֻһͨİ˼ʵ㲻ǿҲ㲻Умλλڡ

ٽĴսΪͩնλ߽ۣշһλ߽۵£Ѿ춨˵Ĵ֡
׻Ĵǿ߶֣֪֮ͩڵǿǺε𾪺Ϳ־ˡ
Ҫھս֮ʱѪޣֱȥ
Ȼ򲻹㰲ź·Ҫ
Ҳ˼Բûзȫ˹أش˳ս
λ񶼺ٳ֡
ûƣȻҲҹݵش̼ôʱų˵ˡ
ڲĶȻùĶĿ
оָӲԨۿټһž飺λµľ鱨ˣʲô뷨
ʵö룬ӦǶԷˡ
ûд۴˴γնɱ׻ڵλ߽ۣĽԷˡ
ѶֻҪȴһһռЩ½ˡ
ǻѹ̫죬ܱƵöԷǽ
Ѷǵǿⳡʤս
۾ǲͨҲܹóսѾˡ

˴󹦣õͣԨۿͩ˵˵ͣʵͩڵľ磬ĺʲô͵ˡһ£ֻܸһɱѡ
Ӧģ㲻ʲôͩǫػشͩҲȷʵȱʲôͩΨһȤľȺ֮ղصǼţˡ
֮⣬ⱾԴҲͩڲȱɱΪ֮ǰնɱ׻۵λֵ֮˼ɱ
⹥ɱɱһɱһϵɱɣ
ЩҪȫһȺĻͩ㹻ɱһһⱾԴɱԶһţ
Ŀǰ˵ͩûƻΪͩǶţȤҲҪȵɹ˥֮˵
һͩնɱλۣ˵ȫʵͩ˵û̫ѹ
ûѹȻͲܻⷨǵΣա
֪ͩΪʲôڷǵĵľȻࡣ
ҲǼɣ߸ڵ֮ҲͬòңԪ޾Ҳ˻֮¡
ͩɱۣûһҲаʮ

֮λųۣ֮߸ϣޱȡ
һСȺһλλ񣬾ʸΪ߼塣
ͩУЩҲˣɱˣҲʧȥĹԡͩҲеظܵԭۺͨĲҲ
أͩĸָҲʹܹͩȻԷǵΣա
֪֮䣬ͩľõĪ
Įӱ˵ʵѡѾڣܹ͹۵Լ
ľĸҲͩһֳһеĵȻ
֮£ͩȻ֮һЩʲô
˵˥֮ĽɵΪͿʼֱ̬֮״Ϊֶҡʹһɥκʿ뾡취ȥֹǵ̬ơ
ֹܶҲҪ䱩ǵٶȡø𣬸н
ҪⷨǣַһıԴһ־ͬǿ߽һսս֮󣬷ı֮Ȼͻõ⡣
ַȫߡ
ʵӱ϶һġ
Ҫʿȫλ
Ȼԣ

ıԴʿԽͬʱȻľ
սͬھ֮ľȻõ޴ڴͬʱһ˼У֮ҪֱܹΣ
ⱾһĥµĵĹ̺Ŀġ
ܹͩڸոս۵ʱе⣬ľ
ʱΪĥµģͩɴѡ˲ȥƷıǡ
ͩոնɹ˵˥ʱìܵġǸʱͩ޲÷ǵԽԽãڶɽ֮ǰıҪǿ֮ΪԼΣ
ͩˡ
η
е㿴ɽɽɽɽɽɽ
ʵǶҡΣգһֶԵĵĿ飬ͺվںХ֮еСϣŴľ޴ΣաηΣգȥΪֹʵϷ³ˡ
Ǳסˣȴ˵ĵĥ¡˵˥ƫƫǵ֮˥
ͩеˣΪʲôĽܹɹ֮˥ߣ֮٣ǧһ
ָ򣬱˵ûõģҪԼȥ

ܹͩ۷壬ǽ֮ǰ˵ġ٣ü
ӦǾسɷ𣡡
˵ˣͩҪƴ˸ҡľ޴գĥµġ
һѡһı
ѡάָôľ͵òһҲĥµĻᣬ֮˥٣֮ǰ;Уûдִ꣬һεĻᣬô϶ڵ֮˥£⡣
ѡĥµģȻҪܸҡĿΣաͷǳʿʼ͵ĸǲǡ̡ˡ
֮˥Ʈ죬˶죬ʵ޷ľҪжǿܹɹ˽١
ͩѡĥµģøڲˣȻмš
Сϰ䣬ʥ󷨡ľۺ񣬸̣־ѡ˥Ͳҡ֣ΪԽԽȹ̡
׳ǵ׶ķǳˢҪ֧ʹһ¥Ҫǵĵõĥ¡
ͩ˳ⳡսһ֮Ʒζڷ籩С沨Ĵ̼;գȴ˵˥Ľ١

ǣͩԨۡ
ʲôҪ˳Ԩ۾ˣҪ֪ⳡսҲδʶظͩһλսս
Ҫ֪սϵĻսǿɱЩֱġ
ڣͩȴҪ;˳ҲԨ۽ܲˡ
ǵġͩƽصͷ
ΪʲôԨۿʵǷҪͩɣϾڵľѶͩһ࣬ͩһ١ھǶϷ֮˵˳˳ģ
Ϊˡͩƽػش
Ԩˣһ£ֹˣȻԨ޵ĲɵҲ˵ĵ˵νģָģҲָԡ
ͩ˵Լˣ϶Ǻ¡
Ԩۿһ˵ǾӪ˵˵߾֮أҪ뿪ӪԡھӪ֮µľɾҪˡ
ףϷͩ˵ͷûƴǡ
ΪǾӪӾҪоӵӣͩɵ뿪Ԩպηڣպ˶ѧͩһ㣬߾ߣ
Ԩ۱طһ
ͩնɱǿߣǰһսնλ߽ۣзɱöףʿܴ졣´֣²֮
ݹ֮Ҳȷʵۺ첻ͩõǾܹ

ͩҪ;뿪ӪԨ۽ݲ֮Ĺȫ۵ˣĴҲԷڣͬʱҲܾʾˡ
Ҫͩڵ⣬ԨҲԲῪ
ͩҲһȡˣһҲ̰ǷݴͣԼѡ
죬ͩ뿪˷磬Ǳչؾ˵˥Ľ١
صԼ޵۹֮Уͩڰοһ֮תڵ۹߲㣬֮µˡ
ţͩͷ·һͨһ㣬վ±ϣӭˣɽ麣Х
ֺһҶۣƯһ޼ʵĴ֮ϣűϮ
죬첻Ӧеأز顣
־塢
һиԾӿʱͩôĴ·һ̾ͻ
ͩԾ֮䣬һĺ
ҺͩԼҵ۹չأ˿ˣһ˵׼Ϊͩ߻ħء
ʵϣͩھǴڼյıԵѡ
ǵĿ£ԶͩеҪ°ٱ
Ǹ߽۽׶ΣһǱԶʤǰҪ¹ǺѪ۾ƣҪʮ̳ϡ

˿µķԿͩ˿ڵķǶӿȣеǶôԤϡ
ԽӴ󣬷ǵĻԽͬʱγɵĶڸĳˢ֮ҲԽǿ
һȣôǵ㹻ǿҲǱɵġ
ΪһʿһУǸʧ˸ʿֻתһ;
ֻ˥֮£ҪתޣҲͩԼԸܹõˡ
ҪԪ֣ܹ֮ͩɢΪͩת
˵ͩѾû·ˡ
ͩ״ҲֻоرʶھԿ͹۵ĽǶȣӸⷬʡ
ǧĥᾢζϱ硣
ͩĸΪ£ȻΣҪ˹ȥôͷ·ǧһ㣬޶ҡ֮ΣԴ˳ɾͳѼԪ֮ʯҲ
ɵνһһۣκһôһؽ֮û˥֮£ҲᱻһأԺϵѡ


538  գһ
⼸ԪҲûɵɾ͵ĴܡǶڰ벽޵ľ磬
мԭвͬеΪ챾Դ޷ΪеĺܾܿΪι̣Һϵ
ѣɵϵ֮¡
ɹʣ
ɹȻ󼪴ѼԪӵޱ߷Īͨ
ɹ޾ˮ
һ˵ֻĳҪһŻһȥ
Ҫ֪ܳɹĻûĸɵ֪ܶȥ
Ȼʱһİ벽ʿٸ֮лֻһܹɹ
һ۷ƽÿԪûһҲаʮ
Ҳ˵չʢʱڣ۷۵԰ġ
ûۺĵ̣ǲܶѳһԪ֮ġ
Ȼֻһѣ̫档
ͩص֮󣬱չز£רĥµģСش
ıٶ죬۵ķۺ̶ȣȴԶͩҪ֪ͩĽֻö̶겻Ǵ׳۷ȴǧ֮߰á

ͩʼʱף䱦һ䣬֪ԭ׼ҲǺһʿһ֤
ѰĽɣһҲͼͿԳ嵽׶塣ٺʵһЩǧǳġ
ͩηŰ֮£ǧ߰ʱŵǶģ֮١֤ͩĸι̣
̣кܴ󲿷ֶɴйġ
ͩʥУڣ
ߵͳʱմ鱦ɱĵһεȻͬ졣
ԣͩǧ߰׶Ƿǳġ
ͩûٱչء
ͩҲû뿪ǰ벽дһ֣֮һȴŵ֮˥Ľ١
ʱһξ͹ȥǧꡣ
ôʱ䣬ͩȴǰ׵ˣΪ֮˥һֱûκζͩ«Ѿ壬֮˥һ٣֪ͩ̾
ͩɵʿһ㣬յ£֮˥ٶ֪
ͩҲں棬Լĵ֮˥ʱǴǧ꣬ǧɲǰһ㣬չ֪ʱչ

ǧ꣬ͩǳѰĴʱ⣬ʱ䶼֮жɹ
е̫ĵ£ͩҲڹעŷս
ǧǰսѽˣĽ˽һ룬˸Ľ
ǧæſµõĽ
񡢽衢פ
ͻȻ֮½ǡ
԰öȥչ
棬´ССռ޴档
һŴ˴λᷢչɶһ
Ȼɢ𣬽µдС
Ӷᡢ߿Ƽ˾󳬼ҲæµõĴ½ϽֲԼӦ
ڴͬʱ۹ͣλַ½磬쳯Ϊ쳯֮
ͬʱҲвٹѫ񱻷ַ½磬۹ܷٻ
Щѫ󲿷ֶȺս֮ϣ˺ͣѫ׿׼
Ҳ˽֮ʣ۹ͣĴ̼Ⱥ֮ԡ
Ҫַ֪ǲطͣɢֻҪ㹻Ⱥ׵꣬õ͡

͵ᣬһʮλλͬ۲ƶ
ͩ൱͹ۺ͹ġ
λ۶ûΪϵֻǳѯ˽
ͩվλĸ߶ȣΪȺľ֮һ󣬱Ѿ൱ƽˡֹ۸ǿҰҲˡ
ǧȥˣ½ĿȻȻ죬ʵÿһ춼ڽ
ڻȵٹٸ꣬ϲʵȻӭһ󱩷
Ŵ󳬼ڵ꽵¼Ԫ֮ʱԻֹµĿຣޱߡ
ԣŴ󳬼֮䶼ûн
Զ
ҲΪʲôûֱӲսǲ룬ǲܡ
ֻս֮ϣʩӸѹһжѡ
Ϊʲôֻܳ߰ٸźͶʮλţ
ôֱͷ
Ϊĺȡ
ֵʮֹ

ϵ£ȫλʵѹǳĵ̣
Ŵ󳬼ţȻһѹռ䡣
ǲɱģ
ǾŴ󳬼Ҳİȫռˡ
ΪȺһʵ±ȾŴ󳬼һҪǿ
ҪƼˣôȺܵв£ĻͬŴ󳬼
ԣһ£Ŵ󳬼̫
ͺսһسˣҲûиϾɱ
ΪʲôЩԳ룿Ϊ嫣طǡ
Ŵ󳬼İȫռˣûеطЩʧܵôյĽ˵֪ˡ
Ҳţʶرܹķ
磬ĽգΪûлشΪԴؾսһֱûжϹ
ڷԴǱرԴֻչصڣôûбҪԣҪĻǲٵġ
ǷǳԵĬˡ
ͩ˼ѪоԼһֱǴţҲһ취
֮˥ͷһһ첻ͩһ첻

ͩźüе񣬺Ͷ۴һк뿪ǡ
ʼ½ĵһ
½Ĵ½Ҳһ½½嶼֮ŵϺŵ壬Ƶȫġ
ǰһʸ½㡣
ͬʱ½ҲǽΪŵһ½
ռĵҲд󲿷⿪ţֻԼܱߵľŴǳв⿪Ŷѡ
֮⣬Ҳвʿ½Ͷ
ͩһֱæӦ˥٣ǺʱǸ½
ͩĵһվѡī
˵īųǿżͬʱҲǳ֮ǿ֮ʮλ
˵īĿƼˮƽ䷢ڻеƼϵĳɾͱҪǿһЩͬʱ⼼Ҳ൱ǿ
⼼Ǽ̳鱦챦Ĳɵռ䡣
⼼ԭͼϸ뵱֮ȫͬҲ޷ȫоֻöѡ
֮⼼ճ̶ģĪī

ô˵أ챦鱦˵һԳɱ⼼֮Զ⼼ֻ֮öա
ī⼼ͨе͵粨źΪ⼼
⼼Ȼиָȱ㣬ɷϣּܹﵽЧռᲢˡ
ռ䣬սþأûϷĹܡ
ī⼼Ҫö࣬أܹϷ
ռ䣬ͨ䣬ϢõҲֻܸɵۡ
ī⼼ֻҪе½κ˶Ե½һЩĵ½֮⡣
ˣī½ǳƷ嶼Ҫһɵá
ռ䣬ֻڲԼһЩӹ忪īȫĸš
ͩҲں棬磬鱦Ĳкͩ䱦ģȻڲڻܡ
īķʲôأ

뾳ͩ˳ͨ뾳ڣʽīĳС
īһӵгϸ塣Ŀǰ֮˭ҲΪģŽһС齨һˣʵھŴ۷Ϊǿˡ
ֱ۵֤ϵʮ̻ᣬ֮һī齨ģܹϷչΪʮ̻֮һʵ֪ˡ
Уī⿪ŵĵ̳ǣΪīⷷĸ߼ӲƷ
˵״ɴȵȡ
ЩͩȤȱȱΪҲУֻĶѡʹ۸϶ƣҼ̫ߡ
ͩͷ·һĿƼС
Ͼ֮ΪĳУԲȡĶֹԭʼĳУУѴҳκθ߿Ƽӡֻܸܵǹɺصʷ顣
ںУǵ壬ŸʽƷ档
ֽͨãȽĽͨߡ¥áִϢͻ

ͩס˺ľƵ꣬ڴ˵гڲһĸϡ
ͩסȥûжãеīİ˵ҵͩҰ˾ƵĹ
ԭǶѪޣ°˵ʧԶӭʧԶӭ޵ԭ¡˵ۿǳʮ˵
˵ǿˡͩ΢Цػ
˷ֱ¡
μ棬˵ЩͻˣⱭȸΪ˱Ǹ⡣˵˵֮ơ
ƿɲͨľƣһרƣ󾢼󣬾λȶˣҲ˶ʳ֮Ϊ
һļ𣬲ңֵͼ൱һͨ鱦
ҪֻûЧĻǿ¼ֵ
ˣܹȵ־ƵˣҲ֮١
ͩҲûкȹ𣬲һ¶ǣ̸о޷ѹֵľֱ飬ͩƺҲоһ˿⡣
̣ͩܿͰָожΪȡ벻ⲻζ͹Եĺ󾢣ΪԵֻ֮־֮ˣһھѾˡ
ͩһ˲䣬ҲɣһﲻǹȾƣ֮ȵˡ


539  Դ
ͩʵʵͷΪī֮ûоԹзҲóϵķ
īûɶ֡
˵ѣ˲˵ˣк£ͩµ֮󣬲ſʵ
˵̾޵˵ﻰīһ򽻺ã޵µĵͷϣܲ
ͩ˰˵һۣ˵ĳ͹ˡ
ȻʹԴ
ҾƵĲƷ൱ģӦʦİɣ
ֿʽĻ԰Ƶ꣬ӴĶʿÿʳϰ߶һʳҲͬ
˵дͩȻĲƷдīҲϲĲƷ⵹ͻ
ĳۣԵֶ˵ճҺ棬ֲƷȻòϲ
֮䣬뻹൱еġ
˵ؿͩԣһ֮󣬱Ҳûͩ
ͩǱȽ⣬˵۳Լһ٣ʾһѺõͬʱҲоͩҪ£īĵ̡

ͩûЩ£ڶ㿪ʼ棬ȥһЩҲ鲻ⳡݡ
ﶺ죬ͩδ뿪˺С
ͩôûͷûԵ½
˵ʵǵ棬ԣȣ羰ĵطסʮ¡ͩҲҪַʽԼҪȥ࿼ǵ֮˥ٳδǡ
ͩǼأһ·ĳ˲ټʶ۽󿪡
ͩٲܣעܹͩõ١
ֻǸҴ˻ûС
򣬶ΪһЩżռ죬ЩҪ˵Ҳȫǣֻû棬˭򵽴Ѫȥ
֮ͩ˹עΪ̫ʢеĳֲˣǴģǿ˫ִġ
ͩĹâһ
ûдͩĹâչȫ档ȺҲԴͬʿ֮ҳһͩᲢۡ
ʶؿҲһͩľ͸ı䡣

Դۣλ۷֮һаһ塣
λ۷ۣλǳа壡
Ҳаųһĵڡ
Դ۾ණһ½ĴӪ
ۣոսӵϢͩ׼ǰܿ鱨ٻ㱨
궨λ𣿡Դʵ
Ѿλˣڽܿ߻ȫǵжֻһЩ߾ͻ᳹ױ¶
޷ֻҪƻɹ˵¶ȫҲֵõġԴۿ˵
ǡ
ûпǣռƻִбǡԴػش
ǣ
֪ͩڣҲвپżŴ󳬼пֻѾ͸˽ȥ
֪ͶԼ尵пƵͩûȥ
鷳ûбҪ˵˥ɹ֮ǰͩҲԣٶ
ܿһǧ߰ľż
ż˵ĿƼжôֲܿ齨ƼչƫƼǱƾΪżΪ֮УгλϵҲﵽ˶ʮǣЩͨ츳֣ܹ۷ۣ

ÿһż۷ġ
ֻǰһٵ۷Ⱥ
˵īʮǿżϵ۷λӦûһλֻǲ֪˭ѡ
ͩ˳ͨ뾳ܿء
ܿɫƷҪҩֲˡ֮У۸ҩ
ҩԴսԴһ֣ǳҪ
ؾλֲҩȻչҪ⹺ĶͰܿ
ܿҲ֮е֮һ뾫ĹϵʮС
ԣͩܿǺѡ
ϾҪֹķչҲɵಲԸͩ
ңĹϵҲ˫ûʲôֱӵͻ˼Ԫ֮ǰѹì֮⣬ûԹ
ڶԿ
ܿҲⷽʹӡ
ͩܿĳ֮󣬲ŸܵĻ԰Сֲʲôӣֱ÷·ͯһ㡣
ѼۣܿǱȽϷ׼ġ

ֵһ޴˳ɡ
ͩ棬һַͬһĴС
ֵԶɻŵֲƶɵ̵ꡣ
Ʒ࣬Ϊҩ
īĹͨһ߿ƼܿĹͨͷһƬƬҶƬ
ֲ֮ϣƶܶԳ䵱װãֿԳ䵱ͨߡ
žһ졣
ͩѰȥǰ治Զƺ˽ͨ⣿
вҶƬкҶƬֲҶӣӲ̶ȲīЩϽ
ֻоҵײп
Ҫ֪ڸߵȼ֮Уͨʮϡġ
ͩҲֵ뷨
߽һľȻһﳳ࣬һִܵơ
Һýܿĸּʱֹ
ɶ࣬Ҫǲ㶯֣Ͱҵһʺˣֵؽе
඼һȺﲻϵӿͩһԽԽüһָɵһĳ嶯
ֻǣͩЩԣľҲƽ࣬ط治ö֡

Ȼ֮䣬һˣȻ֣ߴ
ǣԭӦֹⳡĽܿǿߣȴû̶ֹһԳһŵӡ
֣Ǻܿ죬·磬Ƕ֡
ȴаȻ൱׺
ͩǿˣߵĲΪ֮⣬츳װԷаװһϵɱװײ㣬ƺ
Ҫ֪ǿߣҲвٻװϵɱ
ͩλĽײռƣҲǿϵɱǿ
ڲͣؼ٣ѾгŲסļ
ܼͩܲȰɣǣǳˡ
࣬ѵֻаֲɣһ̴֣˷λȭ
ǣ֮ͩɱֻͩЩ˼ɣĿ֮ԴС˹ء
ǣͩͷų챭֮סЩȴܿ
ոã֮бļλȻͻȻԱ
Ϊ赲Ȼ

ͩҲ벻ΪʲôѡԱͩûɱֵ˼ͷŵֻҪסǶѣϾǽܿĵ̣ͩ˲أΪ˼ܿ
ѵ壿
ֻһˣ
Ȼ֮䣬һӴѹԿ֣һӰĳԱĲʬ𣺡˭ɱҶ
ͩǸӰⲻԴ
λǵ۷ǿߣǿ붫Ტ۵Ĵڡ
һֱƺͩԺ󣬲Ųʡ
ʵϣȴģһֱڲ߻Ŷɱͩпܳ۷۵ӡ
ͩһ·սʵ̫ҫˣֱͬ޵еĴڣһ۷ۣ۷Ҳֻأ׶ˡ
֮ͩʵͻʤᷴѹķչټͩǷѪ
ԣͩʳѰ
ϣͩ˵˥Ϊǲʵ
ԴΪȺϧԼӣҲҪͩгֵɡ

ΪԽãԽͣټа屾ͼˣԴ۳ֻôһӡ
ӿԸǰ;Ҳ˵ٵˡ
ĴԴԳֶԸͩķˡ
ͩЦ벻žͷ֮һԴۣΪĳȻԼӶĳò˵һˡ
ͣ
Դ۵Ӱ˲ͩǰ
һﳤľ޴а̾ڿУ˫ͨصͩеĳ֮ɫɵӶó
Ӵѹ԰ж֮С
벽޼ǿߣڱԶλ
ۼ۷ۣ˵ǻۣΪǲûгѼԪʵϣѾ˳ѵİ벽ȸ߽λǿòһǰ㡣
ۣԶ֮֮Ϊ벽ɣư벽ޣֻ߰벽ѡ
վĶˣ컨ˡ
ӵǿʵױȵͨ
ڵ֮һǿ߱Ϊ۷ۣۣ֮
ֻ۷۵ʸơۡ
巽ֳۣΪ巽ۣ
µۣûʸԡ֮ۡŵġ

԰߷飬ջǱܿϲ֪ˡ
һλܿǿߣͨ͵ֶΣ˹
λ֣ʲô᲻Ժú˵أλǹϡģλҪǴȲ۴սƻж󣬹λͲǽܹܿǵġ
Ѫޣãȴнλǿߵƿֲļһܿǿ߶һɱĶࡣѪ޻ɢޣǳŴ󳬼֮һ
һֲԴۣ۷ۣܿҪȫܿĳǿߡ˵վȻ
һߣܿǲ
ڽܿĵҪ֣ƫƫΪ˼ȴ޷ֹֻܺȰͺϡࡣ
С֮
Դۺ۵ΪԾڼ̤ܿȨܿϡ
û£Ǳ֮˽ɱ֮𲻹죬ٲһɱˣԴ˫Ŀһɣݺݵ˵
˽𡱾ͽ˽ֿˣԴڱһγ֣ǳڹģΪ˱ɱ֮𣬺


540  ֮˥ͻ
ͩɲǱԴΪѰһֶԸɣԼӵǰ;ˣ¶Է֮󣬿ɾҲֹôֻΪ˻ȡֵɣΪȺСҵľͩҲòдһ֡
ı֪˶ԷĿģƫƫֻܳܡ
Դ˶ֵɣʵ̫ˣͩҲûа취ϡ
ѵͩ˵ԼûɱԴ֮ӣ⻰˵˭أ˼ֻԴ۵Ķ֮ͩˡ
Դۻ᲻һһףκһ۶ͨʱתֶ̽Ƿʵ
ɵԱԴ֮ȷʵˡ
Դ۾һλʼٸһɣ˫Ŀһ⣬ҽһ屬Ѷ
һǿ߾Ȼˡ
ҪֵԹ߶ŵˣĶϽˡ
۷۵ǿ߾ԲģĻλͨǿߴ֣ನԻǡ
ͩɫҪɱһҲһ۾͵۷ôǿ

ܿۿһĻһ֪̾սǲɱˣ۴սʤΣܿʧС
вǲƲʧ桢ϺȨϵʧ
ҪֹȴֹԴ۵ɲܿġ
ҪԣɲǶֵĵطλһ档˶ε
٣۵ӣĳȻҪģֻĳһ˿ûͩҡͷ˵
Դ۰Եغû£Զ㣬ԺС뱾һս
ûƫƫȷʵҲִս
ΪԼŽ̬ܿȡңսҲûǸʵ
ۺһССۣڳλκһĶ֡һԸһҲС
ͩԴ۵ĻһϲȻΪ֮ƢԵһλ۷ۡԴ۰۸ˣȻýܿվԼһߣҲõĽܿƫԴۡ
Ͼܿĵ̣Ϊ֣ܿͩרӦԴۡ

ͩףֳ챭š
Դɨͩͩеıʱ񲻽һ˵ѹݺ޵֣ԭ˹
Դۿɲ׻֮ûмҰ·ۿɱȵġ
ĳĵλΪһ۾ͿͩеһϹɱ
ӵϹɱ֣ܹͩնɱôλǿߣͺܺýˡ
ϧɳƾ㣬޷ȫͨĶ⹥ɱҪǿѡԴ¶һɱװ
Ӧ֪ɱֻ۷۲ܷӳȫһƷĶɱӳȫԲзӲԴŵ˵ֶһɱˡ
Դ۶ͩеϹɱҲޱȵȣֻԴҲףɱ־ܹõģܲҪԼĻԵ
ԵδʵǿҲûá
ڣҲֻһϹɱΪ֮ϹɱһС
λͬ۷ҲûȥԹֻǶɹѡ

ͩҲףеûչֹ˵ͩһССλ񣬸Էӳ
ͨɱλеɱλϵɱλ񣬶ɱ۷ۣɱȻǼԪ֮
ֻƥΪܷӳɱȫ
ֻܷͩ׵߳ѣͩҲ֪
ҵһУǬתԴڣ纣
ֻͩô˴͵صߵ˹ѷ֣ǰһ
ǰĵ˺Ȼ֮󣬹һֳͷֱߡ
֪ͩԴʵһֱûƶ
ԭʱմôãͩȻ
֪ͩԴҲһλʱձԴ۷ۡ
ͩԼʱմ֮
򣡡ͩʱմǴʱĽƷ֮ΪǱĴͩĴ
Դ۶ʱյǬתĻôͩľѹʱգ
߶ʱմֲֻ֣ͬѡ
ͺľ֮ҲΪֲͬһ

Դ۵Ǭתñͩѹʱơ
ΧŤߵʱָֻԭ
ãȻܹԴ֮˵˥ѾԶˡϧǲ㰲Ȼȥһ˥ġԴ۲ϣڵ˵ʧϡ˵˥Ƿܹͩ䣬Ҳͽͩɱڴˡ
һɱͩڷע뱦ֱ̡
طɱ
˽Դ۸޿ɶ㣬ֻܹӲ
Դ۾ˣһȻܲˡ
Ҳ˿壬ע·ս֮ڡ
ͷųɱȫ

һͩ͸սף͸Դ۱һ磬޷ƽ֡
ȻסǼɱнֱԴڡ
漴һǿķ֮˳ȥͩҲ˳ȥ
Դ۱˾Ȼ
ͩȵؽеôܣǿ׻Ҳڸղŵһ֮£޶ûһλܹн֮˵ġ

Ҫ֪һһʽؽͩ²һԴۣҲܹһ˰ɣ
ڿԴ۾Ȼ
ⲻΪԴӴ󣬿˵ԵʣǸˣ
ͩаȫһʽɱ
ԴޱȴһӲͩһ
ȻͬͩǱˣԴȻ
䱦ˣûõģӰϸֵ󡣡
ͩ˿̾Դǧ֮ңԶȥӴıһӴĹ֣ȱԴ۵廹ҪӴ֪ٱ
Ӱʲôͩ޵ıϾɵ˽Ⲣ۷۵Ľײ̫أͩûоӴ
۷۵Ӱλ۵֣ǴͨĴ
֮󣬿Թ
ʱĤڵļв֮С
Ϊʹãתط磬Ϊת㣬ɴ͵궨λĵط
֮⣬òرǶʵӰ죬

һλ񲻶ﵽ۷۵ʱĽѾﵽޣʱѾĤڵıԵֻҪͻƼԪɾͼԪ֮ΪС棬ͻĤڣԳһ壬ӴҲ죡
ڴ֮ǰ۷۵ļޣʱԷӳ֮ϣκιֱתƵĤ֮ϡ
˵۷۾ǲĴڣ
۷֮ǿѲҲΪԭ
ӳ֣ܹλܹͨ
Ĺǿ󵽿ԴƶԷӰ˲Էһë
ǿĹɱļ֮ʣµɱܹκε۷۵Ӱ
۷۵ӰʵϾͺͰ벽޵ĵƣһ
벽ޣͬųƵвƲɲ
ͩԴӰһ
вʵ̫ˣ⻹ô򰡣ִ򲻵ԷԷȴ״ԼĶԾʵ̫ƽˡ
һ۶ۣǶһЩ塣
ͩȴԴ۵Ƥë˲ƨ

ԴڣӴѹ·Ļ԰пʼܲѹ
ôˣǾͻˣӱһ޻ڣԴ۵˵˵һţһֱͩȥ
ܽ
׻֣
˲䴩͸ͩܽ׻ϡ
׻ֵֵϢ顣
ֱֱشͩؿڡ
ͩɱرһõ˳ȥգۼͷɳǧƻûм
ֻͩȥ˽˳ɵ˺ȻһѾ׵ķޣҲȥųɵ˺
ʣµ˺Ȼͩܵ˺Һͩ޾תһͩҲʧȥս
طֶ֮˺Ȼ˿ֲͩ£ͬʱ۷۵ʵһ̵ʶ
ʱΪȻǵͷ·ԷӲƴȥ
ͩ˲ظ֮ˣ㵱׶ΣԸ߽ѹ˵ͷ
һΣͩȴ֪ΪΣӿǿҵĲԼǿҵķߺޣԺ֮У˱ܵͷȫƺӿ

ޱߵɱ
ͩƺԼӵеʱƾ֮ʹ򲻹ԴۣܾԲġ
ûʱͩһݵؽݣԼСŲ֮ط۷Ҳδס
һУͩƺûֻǵøղŵĴۣеͷҲܼ򵥡ĳݺһСսǱӲһкƴˣ
ͷ뷨ȼԼķ
ԴۿͩһӣЩ⣬֪ͩһеȶɱ֣˵ӦöɱȻܡ
Ȼ鱨óĽһеȷɱΨһ֪ͩɱƷĽΪ˽ģûϱȺְȨɾ鱨ֻͩؽ֮£ҪϱҲˡ
õ鱨ͩ۵űı֮лһõĶɱ
ǲ²⣬ɱܳϵȼ
ԴҲڵȴһ̣Ϊ˶ԸͩеȶɱѰһӡɱ
еȶɱӲԼƣ


541  
ͩʼػԴۣԼйطϧʩչ˵ʱ٣ʱ죬ͩԼ鶸Ȼһƻõİ磬˸ŵǹ⣬֪ﴫޣ̺֮ͩɱεȻһ
ͩרΪ˵˥׼ضɽر«ȻըΪ֮ͩҪڰ顣
ͩףһֱΪ͸Ӳĵģʱ򣬲ľӨ͸һӳһС
«ըɢͩʶҲζŵ֮˥٣
֮ǰΪʲôʱֱ·
Ϊʲôһѡ񲻹һеӲƴ
ͩʶλİ֮УѹеǺɻаӦþǵ֮˥ٵ֮ˡ
زͩҲԼܲܵסԴۣǷѾ֮С
ʱͩר־˼Ī֮أ򣬿ɲǧĻóȥ֮˥ܹɹΪ벽ޣվ֮ۡȥɱ

ǹ⣬ÿһǹⶼһԼȥһС
ͩʼ˶ԵĵĿʣ
ֱңɽ𵤡
ԪӤɣֽ٣컯һ
ԪӤԪԪĥ̴ͬһ
ɾɣϣ

һ·Ϊ֮£Ժϱģ֮֮ΪΥġ
һ·ɱͬȡ֮ɱ֮Υġ
һ·ջѴȻᶨ·Υġ
һ·г𱨳жԹΥġ

˵һ˥ת֮޶ãΥġ
˵ڶ˥⣬Ҷ죬δرΥġ
˵˥ļԣ֤ʱں֮Сǧ磬ۣѣΥġ
˵˥ʱմԴǧ磬򡮷سɷ֮򡮼Ϊۣ󣬼ʱӻͷΥġ


һĻĻʵĵĳİ֮УȻĺ
˵־ѣ˥ֽٰʹ尾įΣ·߶ߣǳΪܰѳֱģ
˵ܷѣ㡢㡢㡢㣬㡢㣬Ϊ࣬ͬУܰѳֱģ
˵ջ·ֽݾһ죬ܰѳֱģ
֮Ŀʣͩ
һ·ѣջ󣬳ɹϣȴƺңɼܹᶨ
ǰ·ΣգһΥԣиϣ֮ѡܹᶨ
ѳֱģҡ򵥵ƽ˶ܹλɵʿܹ
һλλʿ㣬ʱܹңѳֱ
ݾ̹;ǰеֱָĹؼܹңѳֱ
·ĥѣջܹһֱᶨ·ңֱĵһ·ȥ
㣬ʣԼ

ͩԼԼ˺ͰˣļλǰԼ͹ػ
ֹȥԣޱȱĻԼҪϧĶ
Ʊ²ۣĲڣ
ǧĥѣջԼرģһն
е£öǧĽİ磬Ǳͩ
Ψǻۡᶨߣܵôڡңѣ
ͩͻȻ֮䣬ųһĨȻ΢ЦǰһȥֽĻص
ͩһ̤һ£ŹĹâİ޵յûʻȴͣĺڰǽڽڰˣ·ǵɡҫ֮£ҡѷ죬֧顣
͸Щѷ죬ͩĵĻܹͨĺڰûôޣͨĺڰͷһâ˸Լ״쳣Ϥ
ʮʱͩһ۾ϳǹâԪı
ʱף֮˥ǽԪʶ˱ĵطη˼ѣܲסջǾͱضܲסʣԶİУļǳ׷

ɹ֮˥һ̵Ḷ́ĳ׷ѭ򽥽«ãͩѵʶ֮˥ǵĿʼһϮͩ˲Ϣ֮ɽٳɹ
ΪԪ屦¼֮У˥֮неһɽر
Ȼܹɹ֮˥롰«޹ءҪʿӳɾͽǷңѳֱġܣԼóķ
ڽռ֮⣬Դвͩҵ飬ٴһѷ쳹״ʱָͩĵʶԪ񳹵ںϡ
һֻ̣ͩõǰһؽڣýʼԲ泩ң֮С
ԪڣʱձԴԪڣΪһǬת仯ųơ
ͩУԴƿءΪԼɵĵơ
Ԫʱơ
ƣ̵֪ͩĸס
һᣬ䡰ԪʱơУԶԶͩʱ⣬Ϊʥ󷨣洫Զ֮ɵ֮УҲһġ

νУָľͩԵİճ̶ȣһ˵ʱԽԽԵв㡣
ʵϣеĽһʱ
еþǵ٣
벽֮壬Ƽνǵв䣡
˵۷Ӱ֣ôɵİ벽ɣƵбܽ١
ǧƮ죬ԴͩѾܹԪ֮ռʱմ⡣
ͩԻ⣬˴ԴԪںϣʱʱڵһ֡
νͬׯ壬Ĵ
ɡ
ǿԴҲòɴȿ˳֮ң
Ȼ˵ͲǾ롣
⣬ô£Դţɻ󲻽⡣
ԪƾɵɾͰ벽ޣȻû֪Ľڽ벽ʱ
ѵԴ۱ϾǳӱѾ²⵽ʲôɫһӳ
޼ԴʹȫʩչУҪͩĿܡ

ɾڴʱһɫĵƳͩͷųǧ⣬ͩڡ
֮ϣԼ֮䣬һʮߵľ޴󷽼ⱦ
Դ۵ġ޼ͩƳнӣʮʱԼƽϡԴ۵ġ޼ֻȥͩаˡ
Լҵںϣɵ벽ɵͨ
ɱԽ֮ǿɱԽ֮
ԭԴ۵İ޼ͩϣȥͩʮϵĵУʱ֮£ֻȥѣУͩ˵ֱëëꡣ
⣬ôܣԴ۶ԼľУ㹻ţǹЧȴϡ
ϵ
ԴۿͩͷϵԼƻƵΪڣԴԿȻԷֱƷ
ֻ֪ɵʿб֮ıӦþͩıˡ
ɢͩͷƣվԭأɢһɵѹ
֮ǰĵķȴûлָ˹ȥǱ䲹֮ͩķȻ档

õˣԴۣϰ볡ˣǸ°볡ˡͩĿ⵭ȻؿԴۣ˵
ԴЦЦشϲѣɹ벽ޣӴ˥޽٣ӡԴȻ֪ҪɱͩļƻѾʧˣͩʵ̫ˣȻͻƣգ֮Ͷɹ˵˥ԴҲֲ
ͬ۷ۼ޴ۣԴȻ壬ҪնɱҲǲܵˡ
ٽһͩ
ͩڵľ編֮֮ǰֹ
ȻͬԴԣɱ֮ͩǰӲ֮ǰǿˣȻûȫӳ
ɱ춯أҪλϵ۷ֶۣͨʹܹʵĿ
ʶɱΪ֪֮֮ɱֻоŴ󳬼֮Уܹӳȫ
һֱֻоŴ󳬼Ž򣬶ûԳĽΪʲôǹ˼Ŵ󳬼ɱ

Ⱥʶɱǿ֮ڵһɱ档
½ڹ֮ңɱͬʱʱ𶯣ضɽҡס
ԣԴ۹˼ͩ˿ͩҲΪ֪ͩ޷ӳ˽ȫͩ벽޼ʹҲ׼ɱ
ͩʩչļ֮ǰԲͬն
ͩԴҲʾӭͩĽһβɨ˹аβ
ԭԴ۵Ķ⹥ɱװβ
ͩһУ޿ɱܣֻȫ߶׷ͬʱеػͩһ㲻Դ۵Ľ
ȻͬʱС
ԴͩһͩҲԴһβ
ͩ벽ɣܹͨȫӳ׵ȫԴ۵һβȻͩǱ׷֮£˺˾ųɣʣµһɣͩϣƽˡ
ͩĵȴ˿δ
ѹ֣ǰ벽ޣ۷ۣսʱϷɱԭɱԴһȻ˿С
ҪǲɱбȻ


542  ۷֮ս
ͩԴ֮սʵ۷֮ս
ɵ벽۷֮ײΪϵ֮λͬһλʿ֮дԵġ
ǰ벽޸ǿ۷۸ʢ
أ
ͩαߵľˣҲͬþ޴ޱȡ
һһȻײನͻ˽ܿ԰СҺã֮ǰܿ۳֣ľתˡһ֪ж޹䡣
ͩһβ
Դһͩ벽֮󣬼ܹӳططǴεȻµܹġ
ͩײξܹԽʹüóȻͬն
һԴۿɲ֮ǰôˣͩʱóһԴ۶Բ𣬻ܹͩɳȥ
һȷʵ޷ǰһͩɳȥ
һҲƵʽȫͬȻǵúơ

һ˺ֻҪвϺ˺Ʊİ벽ɡ
һ̵ĶƣһķΪ׼۷۲˺
߸ȱ㡣
ǰǵΪ׼˺жôǿֻҪвܵκ˺̶Ȼ޵ģԼ
ĤڵķΪ׼ֻҪ˺ûдﵽޣôͬܵ˺̶޵ģǹ̶ģûʲôԿԡĲֱֶɸ۷ˡ
ͩһͳӰķޣĲȻԴ۱еˡ
ȻĲҲޣپϵĶɱļˣӴԴ˵˺ǧ֮һ嶼
ͬΪ۷ۣҪɱһͬǿߣϺ
ΪǾ㲻УҲܹݳˡ
ͩڵʹüҪնɱԴۣǲУ̫ˡ
ҪһǧܹԴʧȥս
һǧͩҲܻӳôм
ǴεĹһξҪĲСķ

ͩķ֧ݳ޵ʹüԣ㵱ԴɵģԹԵվԭӲ
¼Ʋһʱѡ·ɣ
۷˵벻⣬½֮ңԶ룬˵㲻ͨתҲܹƾԼͨɿԽ
벽޺۷۶ǴĻ
ڵնڲ֮䣬Ļǧ֮Ŀþֳˡ
ǧ֮䣬ˡ෴ƵĴ
۷ۺͰ벽֮Ĵսһһô˵Ȼ
ͩԴ۶ʱմʿȻ໥ơǴ֮ݡ
ͩȻҪԴ۽һԴۿʵΪ츣ȻΪ˴֮ͩ޲ɱʱմ۷ۡĸ壬ͬ壬ͩҲµ֡
ҳɵߣɱ
ͩɹ˵֮˥һŵ͸ʲôʲôħ֮Σ
ԣҪɾɱԴǲܣֻܽѹ֮취ĥ

ͩԴۻ֮ʮּңȥʵϣͩռһˡ
ԴȻһûг˵ͷ
ȻԴԼҪͩǲܵˡⲢҪһͩĵסϾԺҪһҪע۷ǿߣлףȻܷŹûᡣ
Ͼһ֪۷۱δ֪۷ҪöԸöࡣ
֪ͩȴѹ޻ء
˴αúõɢ֮٣ȴ°֣Ҫ˻Լܰݣ
ͩһȥȻһ̡Ҫڵ֮˥֮ǰ̻ͻӰͩɽٵĹؼͩҲܿΪ̶ʧܡ
ڣͩҲﲻ
ԣͩѾڰ㣬ͻɱ֣ѹԴۣ£ص
Ǭת޼аβս£Դ۱ͩѹŴǺεȵı
Ҫ֪ͩŽ׶ѣԴ۳ٸ꣬ǣ˸ҷ쾹Ȼһ󱲸ѹŴҪǲɫԺеĻ

ս£طں֮ʹĳ׵ǿУ۷ãеѹ׵ǿС
аХ죬ս¡
ͩʱκڹΧ
ֻԼһ˿ɫǹ⡣
ͩԪʱų⣬ͩУսµʴ
һȷʵͬ죬ͩԼҲûа취֮⣬¼һǰҲͬҲ
սһನֵѣԭܹкĻ԰У˿ֱӱƽˣֻһƬɳء
Χսս֮Ҳһݣط󳷡
ನԸɵۣǺεȿµһУ
ԭ۷۵ܣĪ
Ҫ֪ܿȻҲǿľżȫ¶ûһλ۷ۡ
۷۵ǿȫҲ˵˽ܡ
ȻܿȫλҲųܹ۷ۣϾû۷ս
Ҳдѣ۷۵ʵǶûʶ
죬۲ʶˡ

۽ײ㣬ΪĸΡ
һסΪһΣ͵ĵΣ۽ײ֮УûжٻȨֻܶλµڰѡ߼ż֮һ
סĽΪڶΣһεģ۽ײмᣬȺǰ˼ż֮һ
ΪΣ۽ײľӢ߽۸ǿʵһ¡˾żż֮һ
۷ۣ۽ײİ֮ͨ㣬ԶΣ˵һεĴڡ
һǿҪĻ۷۵
һ۷ʮλ
ڶ۷ʮλ
ڳĩβǾλ
īҺųʮµһżΪӵλ۷ۡ
Ȼīӵʮλ۷ۣҲԳƵʮ
Ϊżߣ
Ϊ۷Ҳͱī;ûʲô˲ġ
ʵϣȴˡ
Ŵ󳬼ĵ̣Բīܹȵġ

ī֮УõһЩϹŻйſƼۼ̾ԱȲϳԪĻۡ
ҾŴ󳬼ɱѹȺ̣һ㣬ͷīԱġ
ɱżҲΪһЩԵõɱٶҲǷ
ͩսУһеɱȷʵǿͩɱţҲѸ½ÿʮٶڽ
Ҫ֪֮ǰͩӲԴһаβˣ֮Դսһţ˼ʮغϣͬδֺ
ȴԴһʽս£õˮһ񽵡
ҿͩǰʱںɱšͩĵУһս֮ǰҲ֧ŸϢͻкľ
ʹڣͩҲҪǧĵвܳŹȥ
ͩռ֮£ҲҪǧĵУԴ۵ǿʵɼһˡ
Բͩ½벽ܹȵġ
ͩ˼һ⣬ԲԴȴ۷ͣѾãѾﵽ򷨹ĲΡ

Ϊ򷨹ָʿѧĸطԴﵽΡ
Ҳ˵طﵽײΡ
򷨹
ǰ벽ɣɵһС̨ס
ͬʱҲ׵һ̨ףֻҪ¿๦Щʱվܹ쵽
ͩмһУ¸úԴ۶ȥˣֱ˷ʱ䡣
εĹ۷˵ٶҲͽ͡
Ӱ֮£½Ϊϡ
Ϊʲô۷ţ棿Ϊµκι˵Ƕܲţ
һ룬ܹͩƾ輫Ľ֮ʱɱ׾ͺ˵ͨˡ
սһУطڶɣ֮Ȼö˵
ͩʱƺսµĹ֮£ֿʵϣͩѾ￪ʼƴˡ
սڣͩһֱûб¶ʱĵϸ
Ҿ¶ҲڸţԴҲʱĵǿ
ҴԴҲţͩɱɱʮʱ
һʿõһɱѾĪԵܹĽ֮еĴͨߡ
һʿõɱǿ´ȥ֪Ľɶʺް

ɱͩı
ΪҪˡ
ΪͩȻܹȫܣɱҲ⣡
Ƚϰɡ
ͩԦҪȫҪλ۷۹ͬʩչ
ͬɱʮʱͩҪȫֻҪͩȥĸȫܹ쵽ˡ
ȻƷʮʱҪߵöࡣ
Ƚе㲻ƽ
Ҳܹ֤ˣͷǱ֮һЩˡ
ʱΪͩķʼģͩΪΪɱ
ޣ֮䣬һپ٣һܹͩؼԦ֧֡
ǱͩʹԷȫȻΪƷ̫ߵԵʣоΪɱȷʵ۷һתġ
ԴʱͩӳȫΪõĵƣ
˵ս¡Դ۵ѹ׵ľС
ôȫʢ֮µʮʱͩѹ׵ľСһУͩһֱţʼصڡʮһգû֪ͩĵƾжǿͩԼҲ֪


543  ʱ
Դ۵УҲֻȥͩһǧĵУҪɱͩľȫҲδܹ
۷۵ǿֻ֮ҪǴˣҪɱһ۷ۣ
ٶʱ֮ڣܣ
ƣͩԴۿ´ϰ궼δֳܹʤͩȷʵûдﵽ򷨹ľ磬ֲͩࡣԴ۵ĹȷʵͩҪǿ֣ʱķͩ˺ΪޣҪɵͩϲܡ
ĵУһǧһǧٴΰ
սĴУԴܹϵͷŶٴΣ
ͩȵԴ۵һս½̻֮һǼ
ͩҲ֪ԶҡԴ۵ĸ
ͩĹȿʼ½һõļ󣬽ɹתأ·硣
ԴҲûлͩǹΪ֮
ϾͩҲոսףǰ̣۷ǰ㲻ʲôҲǱȼƷ⹥ɱǿһЩѡӵ۷ۣͲ֮

֮Ԫ֮۷۾޵еġԣ۷Ⱥ֮㡣
ܱ߽һЩ߼һϰλۣҲһӱ³
Щ֮Уһλ۷Ҳøӡ
֮УλҲʱ䣬ⲻϡ档۷۵䣬ȴǺţУҲΪģֶ䡣
ͺ֮Уʮλ۷ۣޱȣŵҲûнһ
۷֮һΪ֮භ١
ԴҲûҪɱͩ˼ΪⲻʵҪͩӣͩѹͩţͩ
ͬʱԴҲţԼ֮Σ
Ⱥǵ֮ԸԴۡ
Դֲɢޣ֮ͬӵС
˫ΪƤ֮ƴ
ͩԴ۵Ĵսʮ죬˫ˡ
ȻͩǵУԴ塣
˫û˼㲻ʲô

֮Уʮ۷۵ڹעŴս
Щ۷ۡ
λ۷۵ڹעս
ͬиڰйע˫֮У˼ΣΪ˫ΪϤԷ˭ûռˣĬرֳĬûвС
˫ףͩԴ۵սƼңʵֻƤ֮Ӯ˴š
ֵΪƤ֮Ūս
ߵļ໥֮佻һҶһϲõ
Ͼͩɹضɹ˵˥Ϊĵʮλ۷ۣǿʵ
ͩľžޣ˵кܴĻܹѼԪΪһԪĵһλԪ֮
ս£Դһս£ͩѹţشЦʲôţҲ
һĸڵȻ߻Թޣ˶ʧȥǡ
ͩȴǾ˥İ벽ɣľһ;ϣԲʿܱġ

ͩװװһ£ƽؿڵԴּۣǲҪó׳ˣӦͩ޵ɵΪƶŭġ
ԴЩɵ۷ˣΪǵǿ費һƺ͹ûʲôЧ
ͻȻ֮䣬һֱͩ͵սµƿһӣ̤
֮ͩ󣬾ɢһԵļ¸С
ֲͩĵ֮ų˲ĨɱΧп̽սֵ
ڿֱֳһ۷ǣΪ𣬶ʧȥˡֱźš
ͬһʱ䣬λ۷۵𣬶ܵһӰ졣
˵ͷ֢֮״
һʱ̿϶޷ٹעǱߵսˡ
ۡۺҲһ
٣ϰף˵СҪʲôȸۿʵ
֪ٴӣкο׻۳ʵ
СӵΪˣʲô˽⡣ҡͷ
СһҪʹҪܰɣۺͰЦ
أƤ֮ԳԿҲãһﵨӸʲô¶֪ҡͷ˵

ǿܶˣҹһһɳ춯صСӱᣬʵı㣬ƣҴûмԹʲôҡͷ˵ôλ۷֮УֻͩͨĴࡣ
ǱߣҲͬû⣬Ͼͩ㷴ˣҲκβԴۣǸͲҪġ
һЩԹߣ²ؼ߸߹ν˭ʤ˭
ͩһָ֮ڵʱ֮˳ڸ߿գߴʮľ޴
ͩȫע뱦֮ڴ洢ķͩڣͩڵķעʱ֮С
һԾע൱ͩһӵз
ʱ֮ڵнƷоҲų⡣
âԱΪģ˷չһֱӡ
ӻ԰չܿأȻչ½
ӡ
ǿ߶ڹע۴
ô£
ʲôˣô֮󣿡
ҫ磿ѵɣ
⶯Ҳ̫˰ɣ
ôĶȻбǴԵ
½֮ϣһ۴£еŻԵݲˣȻ̤Ѱ֮·

ֻоŴ󳬼⶯ʲôˡ
𶯴ǧҫĶֻɱʱܿ
ķȫɱ
ĸɱг߲ɻ
ǿ⶯ϢֲǼ֪ɱѵµɱѵĸһλɱĸ²
ڽ̸ļλ۷ۣ⶯һۣкȻ
ҳĬһ׻۸ɰͰ͵ؿ˵òͩɵİɣ
ܰɣӦɺϰɣλͬڸطֻЩȷ
һܷ֮ӳɱȫӦòΪҲܿ϶ǲͩΪֻҳ
ϾɱҪȫҪķǺӴģҪ󷨻ʽ
һɱھŴ󳬼֮е塣
ͺǵϵĺһڷϰţطȥӵмá

Ͼɵʿ֪һ޵ıﵽɱļ޵ΪûдﵽԪ֮ĳ̶ȣҲԼġ
ҪɵʿıǰﵽɱļҪĪĻԵǿĴС
ʱɵͲȫͩһõʥУ洫ʿûУɵʿıͩıȡ
âԴͷ
ͩɫмֲ԰ףǷĹı֡
ʱõ˳Ķɱ
򣡡ͩһȡ
Ӵѹ֮Χʱ֮ڣͩһжۼӴӿԴۡ
ɱ㻹ɱ⣬ôܣôȫɱԴ۾еʱѾʧȥ侲
ɱһɱǺεȿֲ飿
µǣͩȻܹƾһ֮ȫͷһɱ
һԪȻһ˿µҴ˴ƼɣֹԴ۴ʱѾڣΪʲôûмʱضɱͩĳɳ

⣡ͩһȡ
Դ۲ʵؽе
ⲻǹѹӡ
ӰüޣԷɱ֮
⣬϶ɱԴ۲ȷؽеΪ״ɱһǶɱ繬Ǳ֮ɱһΪɱ
ɱ֮УҲһЩӵѹӡ֮ܡ
ͩ״ɱɱģӵѹӡܲǽͲͨġ
϶ɱԴѾԤԼĽˡ
ͩûлشӡ֮ӴԴۺܿͱѹӡһڳ˯״̬֮С
գͩһָ
ӱײĪԴ۵ԽԽСȻ뱦֮ڣ֮ѹ֮ա
ͩԴѹ¯֮У
Դ۵ӴӰҪҲȷʵһ׵飬ٶ֮ġ
ͩϽջʱΪάִҪķʵֲ̫ˡ
ʱ֮У洢ķѾһգͩҲֻʣĳҵķ

սͩһսʤʮֽҡ
Դ۲սʱ˳ⳡսͩҲᱻƵóĵ
ͩķ֧ţҲǳǱ·཮
ͩһ̤գʧˡ
ԭֵսһӻָƽյĽ˵֮⣬˵֪
ʱȫ𶯴ǧĪ󶯾Ҳƽ·ûгֹһ
Ҫ̽ѰҲʧȥ
ͩգ֮صǣܿǵĶӭ˳
ϲ޵ѣɹ˥Ӵ˥޽٣ӡ֣ضعص
ûǵ˶˶۵Ļ
һʱ֮䣬Ƕˡ
۶ɹ˥ⲻ˵ͩΪ۷ˣ
ĵʮλ۷ۣȻǴһ֮гģǱͩһ֮Խˡ
ͩΪһĴΪһԪĵʮλ۷ۣȻ۽ײĪӰ졣
µжλ۶֪֪еӰ
Ҳֻܸ̾ͩıֽ̬ٶȼֱš
ֻͩ˼ʮͳɹ۷屦ʱһȫԪ


544  򷨹
ʱٿռ֮ټһʮλλ
ҵ߻мһԭֻоŸȴʮճһ
ͩһ᳡̾ͳճľ޴ϡ
ʱͩߣֱǶֱۣۡ
ǿǶյϢ֪ͩɹɹ˥Ϊĵʮλ۷ۡ
ʱõϢʱ򣬸˷ӦһΨһͬľǾȣ
ҪǾͩʱ̫̣ڼʮ֮ڳΪʮҲûгɹԽȥ۷ۡ
Ȼһλ۷ۣʵǿȻҲܸˣϾʵԽǿǵԽ
۷۵һʵ̾ڣ
۷£϶ϣ
ͩڵΪʵ۷µʿɱ٣
磬Ѫ޿ɲǴģɱġ⻹ͩ۷֮ǰڽ۷֮󣬱ȻײС
ν⣬׹
һλ޴ۣĻȨҲһЩ
˭֪ͩŶԵۼûһŵġ
ͩʱ巽۸ʢ֡
۷۷ֳɼĻһ巽Ƕͩǵˣ

Ҷ֮۴ͷվͩصϲ޴ۣɹ˵˥Ӵ˥޽٣ӡ
һǿҲվͬعصϲ޴ۣɹ˵˥Ӵ˥޽٣ӡ
ͩ˴شлλѡ
ڿʼͩΪĵʮλͷ۷
Ӱͩڶţȫ涼һ
޳Ϊĵʮλ۷ۣȻһӦ䶼չɡ⣬Ǿ޴רŹɱƴȨеʦ۷ɸְͩ
Ϊɱ㲻ʲôҪְʵϣȨɴˣ൱װĸˡ
ͩҲʽΪľ֮һ
ʩкͷչ򣬶Ҫʮλ۷۹ͬ۲ӶִС
ʮ۷۵λƽȣ𱰡
УͩȥȺ֮ѡһɱá
⣬ȨȥȺ֮еǼϷɱţ

ңȺ۷۵ԼûС
ΪǾǹߣûǡ
λ۷۱ȺȨ
˵ˣֻҪͩȺ棬ͩҪʲôԡǻƵÿΪԼĺ󹬾ȫѡҲԡ
СԸŮֺͩҲ˵
ͺŴʵһϣ
ȻͩȻôɡ
ϣͩޣĽۡ
۶˼ɵ
ɢ֮ͩһʱȥȺ⣬ضҸȺ⣬ȻóɱȺ⣬ΪȺˡ
ʵϣȺ֮еɱرǶϵȲεɱвٶǼλ۷۷Ⱥġ
һǿż롣
˵ͩȺһµżڻڿ֮УȽͩѾ۷ۣǷż룬ͩҲˡ
ò˵һ䣬ʱư
ͩȺ֮жһһⱾԴɱԪ䡣
򵥵֣ȴ䲻ܱȵġ

ȻʮѹǶеͽ׵˵
ͩ۷֮Ͳˡ
µõԪ䣬ͬҲѹʮĴ洢ԵеͽۣԪԵĿɾ۷ˡ
߲һġ
ͩҪԪ֣ƾʱͩһʮҲ˵ͩһ˿Եʮλ۷ۣ
Ҳ
Ϊɱ̫ķѷͬҲ۷۵֮һ
ɱ֮е̫죬ӵսԼΪʲôΪѣһҪķӴķ
Ҫ߸ϵ۷۲ܹؼɱǿ
֮ţһ
˵Ŵ󳬼֮ǹ͵ġ
Ͼɱ
һ룬ҪһЩѿеľż䣬ȻϹɱռˣϷɱˣֻܷܹԵñˡ

ͩΪ۷۵ϢܿƽϢ֮ͲôƽϢˡ
ر
Դʧˣô飬ҲΪϵԴۣȴԿ϶Դû䡣
϶Ҫģһ֮²֪Դʧ֮ǰһӴ˿ܾ޴ۡ
ʱ֮Уֳ߲ͬһΪͩκεԴۣɺȷͩ۷ۣûдﵽ򷨹ľ磬ȻԴ۵Ķ֣ʵ֮ǰԴۿһֱѹͩͩ޻֮
һΪ˵ͩɵģҲڣ֮ǰͩʹֶΣĨֳۿսֵ˵Ҫʩʲôֶλı
ǣ뷨иԵ©Ǿͩʵ۷ûвְæΪԿ϶ûг
ƾͩʲôıֶΣҲκεԴۡ
۷۵ţ۷ôöԸôͲ۷ˡ

ǿ᲻ǼͻƳɱйأһλ۲²
˵۷֮пǵĻôϹɱ϶֮һȫʢ֮µϹɱ
ʱǼɱ磬ɱĹʿ϶Ƿӳˡ
֮£۷Ҳֵ˺á
ìˣûİæôͩһδ߶ɱ
һҲ۲ݵԭ
Ȼ鱨ϷǼɱпܾڽܿĵͷϳġܿ˲Сθҿ϶ͩԴ۴ֳ
ϾʱûκĿߣҲ޷ֱӻӵ֤¡
ûΪԴû䣬ֻܹʧٴˡ
Ϊ۷˵ҲΪͻƶжչء
չصĵص㲻һҲûа취
ҪԭԴ۵ʵܻ¡
ȻԴ۵ʧٶӰ϶еģֻҪ˵һλ۷۵ĶֻҪ鶼ܡ

ֻͩԼ֪Դ۴ʱѹʱ֮С
Ϣ֮УͩҲû͸¶
ҲûյԴʧٵϢ
ͩȡԪ֮󣬱صԼĵ۹ʼ˥֮ϵһαչС
ͩ˥ڼµĹοɲ٣طȫϸͩҪרԼطϵ
ﵽ򷨹ľ磬ȻǾתҲҪӽ
Ʒ
Щͩʱͨռ佻ƽ̨ܶȥЩڷ֮еİǧλĹ
вٹֱָ۷۵ľ磡
ȻƲżϾЩõʼҲҪʱɳ
ͩż򷨹
֮ͩǰطʱˣҵطڿƨͨʵ̫ˡ
ͩԴһطϵﵽ򷨹ľ硣
벽޾磬Ҫ򷨹͵ԼݷΡ
ֻдݷʸɵľ硣
ЩҪʱȥͲ
ڣͩߵǲҪĺ顣
պɵ·ӣֻӼѡ
Ϊ벽޾˲ˣʵϣ벽ֻһʼˡ

ͩҪԼĴ⣬ԼطϵǶԼĿ飬ʿڴʶ͸ж
һ㣬Ҫͩʱ䡣
ԴԼطϵܹԼʵսʵƾһмͩ۷۵Ľײ㻹ܹһʣԱ졣
ɲȵԴǵʱ׷µͷá
ͩҪطҪ˽ԼĴ
򷨹Ҫܹͩ⣬ʱ޿̶ֳܹͺһ㣬Ͷ֮䣬ܹ̺⡣
һ𣬴طʵֻǸЧʵô֮ѡ
ͩӵϹɱͩڳΪ֮ǰܻѱ
ԣ߽ͩһ;һ׽Լս
ͩڽ۷֮˥޽٣ӵдѵʱȥ͸̫ͩżƽ̬ĥ
׻˵úãϸ
գ֮͹ȥʮ£
ʱ֮ڣͩĸĸԼͩ׵ܵܳɹؽ񼶱
ֻǵĽͩúԴԼĪ֮ͨ²Ŵﵽģܸȥǵ츳ǱҲ˺ľ

ΪͩѾΪĳ֮һ
Ȼʱ䲻ܹ꣬βסϺʮ۷֮һ
Щչҵӵ˼ߵ
һ˵õȮ졣
ĳͷչϼӴ󵽷½ʮ֧֧ܵ˵ϵ֧ĵǲ
νĵָ֧ľͩһ֧ͩһ֧ΪͩǳӵΪϼ٣ΪҲܡ
һٶķչϼѪ֪˶ٴҪѪԵϵĻĵٵˡ
ԣϼҲѪϵһֱߵѡܵĵ·
֧ǵ֧вϣ޲¡
ΪͩĹϵҵĺʮƣ˲ţЩвٶμȺѡΣмλɹسΪĴš
ȻĿǰϼȻȲۼң䷢չȥҲδػȥ
ҵʵصʵҲչ׳ı־֮һ


545  Ʒ
ڼ󱲵ĳɳͩҲûпţֻһ׿ԳѼԪɵУ洫ֻӵ֮ͨ·ܵüС
֧ͷ֧ӵܡ
֧ͩˣȻͩҲŬˣȻûκνչرͩ˰벽֮ҪѪʵ̫ˡ
Ѫöͩ˵Ҳû̫塣ΪҪ˼ɺֵǣ˾ǳϵˡ
ңµӣеͳҲһҪòܴС
ͩڵĸ߶ȣֻһ壬վĸ߶顣
˵ʮϼֻ֮ʮܹͨͩµ·õ֮ͩеɵ洫
Ǽʮһⶼ־Ѻ˥֮¡
Ϊߵģ˵һ˥ˡ
ɵļѣҲϼȴ
Ҳɵ洫Ͼͩھɵ̶̼ʮ֮ڳɹ۷ۡ
ʮͩΪչ󣬾򷨹ľ绹кԶ
Ͼһ׹Ĵƣô׵顣

ͩҲżóϾʱƷ
Ĳϣͩͨʮռȫλ
˵Ĳϣռ൱ѣͩΪ˸˲ٲƸ⻹ͩӵпռ佻ƽ̨£ϵռӼѡ
ֻͩһ޸ɢޣôռĲϣͩҪʱ䣬ʱ䡣
ֻʮ꣬ʵֵ̫һˡں֧ŵĺô֮һˡ
ҪʲôֻҪȥȻΪ
ͩҲϰģʽҪԼȥҲϣȥ
ƣѶȲС
Ǿϣͩһǧꡣ
ƹĵһ
ڶóЩϵһ֣һ̡
һͩһǧ꣬ƽһֻ꣬㲻϶ࡣ
Щ̣ÿһԵΪϵɱˡ
״
һеǹҵ֮еߡ
һ׺Ŀͺһϵͳ
һͺϵͳ֮еĸֲ
Ĳ󣬽Ƴɰһ貢ѣֻҪϵͶʱ˳򲻳ˡὫ˳Ƴ
岽ͩöŵĽƷ

һƷѣҲؼһ
ֻܿ߶ɡ
һҪķѼԼӴķƷ˳֮ڡ
ֻҪߵ꣬ƹ֮ʧ󣬻ʵǿ㡣ᵼʧܡ
һʧܣȻǰ׻ٵưĲ϶ᱨϡ
ЩϣռףҼֵǣһϣͩҲۺһӣʱռЩˡ
ԣ֮ͩʱΪСģ֮ǰͩرչһ꣬״̬ѡ
һ㣬ͩһƲӺͽ
֮ͩУİ룬˸ظ߹Ľ⡣
ͩ˫ֽӡ֮ͨΪۣ֮ƣӦλ
ÿһλĽƶһƵ˳Ҳضģʧͻǰ
һ룬ͩҪĴǺ޴֮ҲͰˣҪͩƵпɾİ׷ˡ
һ֮۳ɹʧܣҪʮָܻȫʢĵС

ͩע߶ȼУ˿ĺר־ƣȻİ
ڣǧٵƴϡ
ͩ˿˵ƣΪͩĵ֮һҪ֪ͩԴһսҲ˽ĵУƷһϵĵУ
֮ӳմǧ˷ŵʿΪΣᱻ֣һ֮
ִƷԴء񣬽ƣ
˰𣬰񼴱Ҳܹٶȸ
Ҹֻмʱ䣬ûдơ
Ҳǿ޸شﵽ˲
ҪѵĴҲСӴԺٲóѣΪ߽۷λľѡ
˴˰֮󣬼൱ūһ˽ƺͲǲɼ
ʵϣ˱Ĳ
˵˳ɡ
ѹܹı
⣬˽Ʒ֮⣬Ҫǧ¼С

ƵһԶԶȥͷ·һǿתͼһ㣬Ϊÿ
ƵĵǽĿ󷨣֮ڣȻ׼󣬳׽ȫ֮ڡ
ν׼ָʿٵΪۣ󷨰ٷ֮ٵ
Ҫ֪һó֮󣬿ظʹϰٴβŻỵƷȻͩܲóĹͼߵ
ʹóǧΣȴҪ׼Ǻεݳޣ
ͩ˫ס̣֮С
ֻ̽Ӵʱ򣬺ˮһ㣬Ͷ˷
ͩȻ׼
ͻȻ֮Ҳ󱬷һǿ⣬Ҷˣâ֮£ȫʳȫʵһѾƲˡ
ʣµľҪˡ
Լֻеһˣ칫Ȼܹ˳
ʧܣǾˣǿˡ

ͩ뿪ңΪںƣڲҪͩæˣֻͩеȴˡ
ͩƣһҪʮңȥȰɡ
ͩҳ֮󣬱㼤ӭ˹ʵүôɹǽȥǧ꣡
ͩˣָһ㣬а̾һˣ벻ƣ治һѰ
ͩĴҲСа̾һ˵֪ɣϣܹɹɡ
Ҳûʮİգɵþȵ
һҪƵıͬѰǱ۱ˮƽ֮޴顣˵ˮƽƷƹ֮Уûгͩҡͷ˵
ͩոûжã÷񡢾ռѾͷΪͩʳơ
ͩȴûжθڣֻǳ˼ڣžƺֱӶһڡ
ϣܹƽϢеǺǣҡ
ûһһƾͿˡ
ͩҲƣûټȥ
кδ·ͩʵȻĴ¡
һֱռصϢȻͩ㱨ͩѪʱŻһ¡
˵ʵڵģͩҲһͳϣȻĴֹ۲ɾӾЩɢ

Щ꣬⽫ְ񽻸ֻͩɢͩȴһֱϽλ۵λãǣķҪЭתʵ̫ˡ
ͩŲϸֳֺõĻأȻ۵ְȨ֮ϧͩȨԣƾڵݵλȨѾСˣȫĵʮλȸλȨͩٶá
żùΣΪ˶ΪԼ
Щ꣬λӵܣͨ·õµɵУ˿̶ɹؽ׵ڣֻһ֮ңˡһͩ㱨Լҵļ£ΪС
ţܺãϣܹٽɡͩ̾
֮ǰѾʮλϺӵܣɵѵ;СͩûгȺԼ
ΪͩһΣԶȥ
ĥѡѳɴ

ԣͩ뷨ܼ򵥣ǷɣɾͰա
ͩĹ֮У¾棺ɵһ;࣬ĥأвͻ䡣£ȥתܳɴ
ȺĴ£࣬϶һЩ´½飬һ֮˿ھЩķչӭ˱ǣ˿ٱ֮һͬʱŵˮ׼ҲԽԽߡ¼㱨
˿֮һǺεӴ˿ڣԼ˿ڻһ࣬ðȻԽࡣ
ŵѡΣ䣬ǧֻǲȴǱ˽һ룬Ȼᵼˮ׼
ڵͩһǰʮˮ׼죬Ƕһ
Ҳǽǰʮˮ׼󣬶һεš
£ķչٶȴˮ׼ˣܹ֮ɲĵȻͶٹЩʱ䣬Щǳ׳ɳʵͻ
ѹ֣ĸƴŽ
һչѷ佮š

˵ڵīǾͿˣΧ£ϰٸżš
˵īĴϾ
ôҲǳҪŵģֻǻģٻҲֻĻǲððȻԿġ
īһҪŵĻǴܱߵǿڣҲĳԳ֣
ܹǳ
ȻɱսīҪһ֧֣Ҫһ̡
ǳս֮ϣҲ䣬˵սҲʧֲò
ʵīֹīҪǲս»Ϊڻңֱǰߣһƴ
īһ˫ֻҪսֻԽԽ࣬īı䣬ֻ鷳ʧ
ʷϣ֪жǿľżǳսʧأǿߵĴг˶ѣ˥˺û䡣
īܹչһʼֲչڣī˱־ʵӪǳӪǿԷ룬ֻīһ


546  ٰս
ͩ㱨ʱȻӵ֪ͨ
ףͩΪ⣬Ϊε֪ͨٿ֪ͨһ½ӵֻ֪ͨҪΪչػʵڲμӲˣֳһȥᡣ
ͩһ˿ռ䣬֮Ļ᳡ͩ᳡֮󣬲ŷ֣ԭһεĻֻʮ˲μӡ
ǰͩԼڵʮλ۷ܻ֮顣
ޣǵһβС飬ɣþнк
ͩһģ֮󣬻ʽʼˡ
ʲôҪҪżټǣȸۿʵ
һŻؿһдϡһ鷨񱮣κοռ洢ֶζòˡϢѾ¶İ۰ҸˡѪʨڸղҲִһŻء˵ֱס
徹Ȼɳλۣ׻üͷ˵
٣벻ͦͩЦһ˵Դ۱ͩѹʱ֮У
ʮҲֻĥɵ壬ò̾һ䣬۷۾ɱΪӰıͨڣͩڲʱ֮£ҲֻؽԴٶȻ첻ȥˡ

񱮲֣֮Ϸһ˰ɡ׻ۿ˵
ԣ˲룬һ¡۳ȵط
ػ֮뿪Ǿͺڷϵĺһǿá
ҲΪʲô˾Ļ󣬲Ⱥµԭ֮һ
巽֮УǣǳսԨ򷲼Դǣ½һŻ򣬸ʩְ
еģֻˣȥһ֧Ԯ۰ɡͩ˵
Ÿս۷ۣ̲㣬Լطûдʵ֮͵ģ𣿡۵ǵ
Դ۶κβСӣǲʲô۵һҲģܹ˥۷۵ͩԲһ㡣
ãȻˣޣһ˰ɡ۾
û⡣ͩͷӦƣҪǧʱܳƣ뿪Ҳûйϵ
ֻͩΪƷʧ֮һУͩԵһЩ

ǲӰʵͩʱ֣֮ûܹκε
ԣһҲûʲôѶȿԡ
ͩҲһԱȻҪΪȺġ
һ£ԴǵԨǰȥ֧Ԯ
һλ۷ۣȻӳ㡣
ұ뿪ˡ
ͩ˵֪ͨһҪһˣտż
˵꣬ͩ粽˵۹˸֮ǣȻһ֮ԽʱգԴͨһŻء
۷֮ٹޱߣҲ޷谭ͩĲ
ͩһŻأֱȥұۡ
ˣǼдĴ񱮡۽ͩԼסָǿռסһľ޴ʯ˵
ôѵöɱ𣿡ͩʵ
²Уͽҵ涼ûа취˵ɱˡ
ͩˣ˵ͷ۵ûа취룬ѹѲˡ
ͩǹϱжģжҪƶˣϾôãͩҪ˽һŻصľƺ

ͩһŻûãǱߣյϢѪʨλ۱ͷ
Ǹô죿޴Ҳˣλ۷ۣҲλ۷ۣʵҪô񱮣ϣ󰡡̾
ûа취Ѿʱ˷飬ҲȺڲҲְǣԴʧʮ꣬þ˸ַҲټϻ״̬ءѪʨ̾
ɶ벻ͩȻܹ˥Ϊĵʮλ۷ۣǵʵҪǿϼ֣Ѿöˡ۲ĵ
٣ʵѵǾͻͣͲǰһʱ󣬲յӮҵǵԴڵľѪʨüͷ˵
ڲ׼Դ۱ĸ֪ǿ߸ӡˣ׶༪ˡ
ΣҲô׵ؽǿͻǡ۾ûƺڼƢ

ۺѪʨ۶ӳĬ˺һ
Ѫʨ۲ſʵ˵Եʧٺͩûʲôϵأ
ֱӹϵܣǼӹϵеġһ»شҲͩһ½۷ۣܹİԴô
һҲܹͩʮ徲ӵԭڡ
ǣ˾Բ뵽ͩ漣ĻԴͩʱ˳˯״̬ĽǱͩūۣǱͩ
ĳ˵ڵֻʣ°λ۷ˣʵ֮һ
Ⲣ֤ܹ׸ΪԷλϵ۷ۣ㹻߶֮ˡ
ֻҪ֮ʧܱ
ΣǶҪһ˵ôɵؾͽͻȥѪʨҲ
ʵϣһ񱮵ĳҲ֤ɵŵ㼣ȷʵбѰһ飬϶еڶ顣ǲҪΪ˵һס
֮ҲΪȫ濪սִ¡
ԣֻ᲻֪ˡ

ڶ죬λ۷۾ͳ˱ۡ
ԶԶؾͷ˰Ѫʨλ۴ҡڵسĵ̷
ͷһתͲµǵͼͩһɳ˻أλӭ˹ȥ
ۺͩһ˻ҰѶλ۸
λѣ겻ɵк
ѣԲӣż¾ɣǱ뱱ѵٸûټˡѪʨ۲ػش
˵ţѪʨ۰Ŀתͩ̾һλ½ۣ˰ɣ
ĳͩӦ
˲˵񱮣ҲȤоһЩʱٹ飬Σ˫ۿҪ񱮡
ٺ٣˼ǲ衣ҲûֻǸɰͰ͵ؾܾˡ
Ѫʨ۳ƫܵ񣬲Ҫô񣬱Ѳ裬ǲ簴չɡ
Ѫʨ˵öԣ㲻裬һ˵˵һ˱ۡ
óһ˳ǹһЦ˵֪·ʹ򣬿ǹ
˵գ趯ǹȥ
Ҳʾֳ뱱۲

Ѫʨۿͩ˵޴ۣ⿴û˼ҲС˵գֳ˻ƽʨͩ˹ȥ
ͩЦЦһ·٣һƸ֣ʱںϡͩƺ⻤Уǡ
ˣͩףֳ
ȻѪʨˣĳȻˡͩ
λ۷ۣ׽Դ֡
գۼ֮䣬λ㶯ԽԽ졣
ֻĽȫ弸˵Ӱ
Ѫʨ۵ط൱ҰĹֻһ֣ײ
ֻأͩιǲܲ˳ͩײ
ͩѪʨ۵ĻӦײ
ͩļ֣ѪʨۻǲŲʵسͩײ
ͩü֮£ӲҰײ
ѪʨߵľȻִ֮Ǻ֮
ⲻǺ֮һȲǿҪ˶ġ
еǿߣܹ֮ӵñʿҪǿöࡣ
˵ͩģԼطûдܹӶ
ԣͩھͱѪʨѹ·磬ֻм֮ˡ

ûа취ͩոս۷۵ļ򷨹Ļ綼ﲻܹùѪʨֳõĴӲƴ
ͩеƻ׻壬Ȼ൱Ǳʵȴ㲻ʲô
ꡢʮꡢϰĵУʲô
ͩǵڶ۷۽֣һԴ۵ֶΣͩ˼Ȼ򵽣ԭ۷۱ȵջǴ֮ԼԴճ̶ȡ
Ѫʨ۵Ұײÿһεײȥ֮ͬ
ʵϣϸ׽һͩŷ֣ġ
ͬһУ̺ı仯ȴ൱ġ
֮͸ͬĽǶȣͬƵʵ𶯣ڵӰ쵽ֵһжҴڲֵķ
ر۷۵ӰˡһУӰӲԷͼƵ˷Ϊ𵴵ƵȫϣôĽǶҡӰǿȻֱӹ˱塣
ӰڹǣһޱȣԺӲñ֮ơ

Һãͩ޵Ĳ̵ĲӰǵơ
֮ʢӰ
ԣѪʨ޷ҳͩķ©䴩ͩƺ⣬ֻһĺȣûбơ
Ѫʨǿͩʮغϣͩû˿취ֻҪͩͷƵвͩһֱڲ֮ء
ôǿҲֻԷһˣʵ˺ûС
ɶɵܾѲ֮£ֱǿĹҲ˲ͩ壬ȥͩٵжһδ֪Ѫʨа̾ͬʱҲҪûͩ뷨ͲʵʣٴȥҲ˷ʱˡ
뵽Ѫʨ۾;˴ɱͩͷʼŬ̽
һʱ֮䣬λ۴ѷѽ⣬Ǿʡ
սͩĥʯȻȤҲ;ˡ
ͩʱʱȫѪʨûκΰ취
ͩЩרУطҲһŵķڲݴĽ׶ΣҪ˵͸ˣͩ򷨹кܳʱҪߡ
һλ۷ͩȻŹᣬϵطԷš


547  Դ
ͩѪʨ۵Ķսʮʽͩʹ֮£Ե׿Ⱥ
濪Խס
˽ʼ߲ͩˣҲ򷨹֮ʱŽġŽӴ֮һˣֻ֮󣬲ִľʹԴС
ͩڵ͵˺ͩҲҪԴǧŵĽ󷨣ֻҪԼĽˡ
ͩʱմȡѹʱ֮⣬ߣϣѹ¡ȻΨҡ
ͩҪĽӦһΪġ
ɱ⻪ҫۣȥʵǲ۲۵ɱ¾ԣ˽ԡɱΪġ
ͩѪʨһսȴӿͷ
Ȼ䣬ͩıʶ洴ʹá
ͩıȴǽ
򷨹֮ͩȴҪԴ֮Ҳ
ɵʿ򷨹֮ʱҪһŶĵһ£ʿΪԼı

ԽΪʿȻǴΪѡ
ԵΪʿȻԴΪѡ
ǹΪʿȻԴǹΪѡ
Դơ
ͩӵеʱҪĵȻҪϱ
ͩʱףΪԼ˼ʮ£ûдһŵ򷨹Ĳ衣
ԭ˼·ˣҪԴһŽҲҪ򷨹֮
Ա򴴳һطⱾͲһ׵顣
ۼط漰ԴʶֿԳ֮Ϊ
ͩд˸֮ʮĻͻȻӿͷ
ͻȻ֮䣬ͩĽȫ£ں趯һ
кطϱã
֪֮ͩУƺûС
ͩҪȻѡΪǰûκεĽ
ͩĽвѪʨ۳ûͩȫûлֻ֮Ǳмܺͷˡ
ڣͩеƻǲõ֮Σ

ͩڲϳУ𲽸Ľš
ӿطʽУͩҴ⣬Ѫʨ۵ʵսͩ಻ʵʵ뷨޳
ҵһȷУǾԵͼټ
ͩطΪͼ
ʱ֮ʱճӣͼ˰ڴͼ֮Уʱתĥ֮ࡣ·ͼʹͨȻ䡣
ʱѹ֮ͩ轫ʱȫܼҲܹչĪͨһ㣬ֻܿż档
ȻҲʹãܹѪʨۺԴĶǿߣȻˡ
⻹Ϊͩ޷ȫ¡
ܹͩչȫ֮£۷ۿҲһ³
ͼһƣȻԪ֮У򷨹֮
򷨹֮ʿܹһеơ
ν򷨣ҪͩĴǽһ֮󣬿򷨣ƫ˼
򷨹塣

֮սҲѷʤ۲֮ͩ以йǲֲ١ͩȴǱѪʨѹ·磬ûл֮
ѣСӣΣذѵͲѪʨѹ𣿡Ƶ
٣㾹ȻܹģҴ򣡡ۿԷģ׼ʱݺݵظһصġ
ͩѪʨ۵ⲿѹڻʮ֮󣬳ɹˡͼ
ˡͩͼڴطճ֮ʱطԶƷͩԪ֮С
һ룬ֻͩԪۣϵӽܣڴͬʱͩĵҲϸ΢ı仯
ͩĽǰһ򷨹֮д֮ǰƷʧĵв˻ĵУ
ͩһӾӵ߰ĵС
Ȼⲻ򷨹ļޡ
ʱƣͩĵؽһǧꡣ
һǧУ򷨹İ벽ɵļڡ
ܹԲһһǧĵмޣ޴
һɹԲȻд
Խλ벽޵ʵԽǿ
Уǻ֮ãܹʿʵ
˵ͨ似һһʽһޡ
ͩʹЩͨ似ͨһд֮ϣҪϵ֮

˵ϸһ㣬ǾǷ似ȥ10ôͩȥľǼǧ֮࣡
ԽԽܹ⡣
ͩ򷨹֮ʵ
ѪʨۣһУͼͩطڵ֮𣬲ǽȴҲԿǽ
ӳ˵һͼ
޴ޱȵʱճӹһͼѪʨͼУϵĥ塣
ٲơѪʨʩչ
ͩͼ֮£ѪʨһӱͩƵ·磬֮ת
ȻͩͼȻҲһоɱѪʨǿߡ
۷ֻۣܰܣɱ
ͼŵ㣬Ǽȡʱ֮άִͼ겻
Ѫʨ޷ͼ֮»ᱻڴͼ֮һ꣬ĥ֮ࡣ
۷ۣͼУĥ꣬ҲʧС
ͺԴ۾Ǳͩʱ֮У¯ռ䲻ʮѾĥ߳ɵ壬зˡ
ŵΪͩĴʱʹãȻͬ졣

Ѫʨ۱ͼ֮Уһʱֻܱ֮طš
Ȼ˵Ǳϼʮ꣬Ҳδػ䣬ǣҲıôã˵ʮˣǼ꣬ҲȲ
ʱմΪǰͨǲ
һ׵ܹٶʱգͬУʱٵĥ
ѣֵҪˣ֪ѪʨǼһ᲻أ۵شЦ
ҲΪ⣬ô£ղŻúõģôһӾתˡ
Ҳ֪ǹĻжϣѪʨܹסˡ
ȻȥԮ£Ҳ
ѪʨۺôҲ۷ۣô군ġ
Ȼģĵĳ̶ȲΪҲΪţԼҲͩһ֮°ܱ䡣
۷֮䣬Ǵˣѷֳʤ˵ֳˡ
һԪ۷һһĽ棬йļ¼
ԣģ۷֮Ľ棬Ҳ֮
һһʽʤҲ;۷֮ʤ
һʤˣҲˡĵشȥҲõĽֻ˷ʱ

Ϊ۷۲䣬֮ԵºͣǿѶԷǴֳ֣һаʽʤͻĬͣˡ
ĳ˵۷֮ĽʵϷǳġ
ֲּ۷۷ӹ棬֮ĴڹӰЧϲһЩ־˫ش򶷣ûжֻ̻֮ܲһʤ˴š
ͩкһǰͼ֮С
⻰ͻȻ֮䱬֮ǹһǹʽ
۲֮£дһ޴õ˳ȥ˵һдӰķ˵һƤë㲻ʲô
ֻǰ۷ɳĽǶȴޱȵɺϣײͩͼ֮С
ͩһķ٣һָ֮еʱΪߴ͵ͼ֮ϡ
סΪѪʨ۾ҷ²εͼʹôͼƽ
ͩһЦаȻˣʱϣͼΧӡ棬Чѡ

̤Ǿ޴ͼ¼ԼǸߴоĪ
ôסǶ೤ʱ䣿ۿʵ
̫һǿԵġͩҲȷֻܾ˵ΪطѣǿҲޡ
һꣿٺ٣㹻ˣԻʹ񱮻ǣͽʱˡ˵꣬תͷ粽֮뿪⴦սص˻֮У޴ʯ˳뿪˴˵ء
ͩȻķѷѹͼ
ѪʨۺͰٿռ֮У̾òףһƻţҪƿռȥ
ͼʵڲռ֮Ѿκˣλ۷۷൱ֲġ
ҪʮʱѹͼĿռѾƿλ۷Ȼݵش
ɶ޴۲óôҲ˹طķҵغе
ѪʨҲΪ꣬Ϊڴ˴ռ֮УĴʱյת֮ĥ塣
Ȼۼ˲֮˿ռʱյת֮ȲǼǿ
ڴ˴ʱһ˺»Ҫʤ
һʱ˺СԺԲǣʱƣٳɶ֮£Ҳ൱鷳ġ

ԣѪʨۺͰ۲ͣƻŴ˴ռĿռƽ⣬Ҫƿռϣӳȥ
ƵĵѪʨۣĹЧò˶þܹƿ˴ռ䣬ˡ
ͻȻ֮䣬ռһӼ˰ٱֹ
֮ǰŬȫ׷ˡ
ͼĿռ䲻Сװλ֮󣬻ԵüΪտλ۷ͬһռ䣬¿ռٴ󣬵ͬʱȫʱ䶯ѹҲһ춯
۵һʱȷˣ⶯ӦѪʨΪѪʨڵķȥҪѪʨۣ֮ƿȥ
ѪʨҲֶԴͷʲôأ֪Ҳͼ֮Уո˵֮£ҲԴͷȥ
ûãλʶٶطˡ
㣿ôҲˣѪʨΪؽе
ΣһûлشתƻνĲҪҪҪȥȥˣ˵ǼһѶת˻ǡǿɾͰæһˡ


548  һ
λ۷ۺɾͲһһڶôˣһһڶˡ
ͩͼѹֹ
ʱѹϾͼֻʱطٵʱռ䣬Ŀռ䣬Ŀռ䣬Ҳܲסλ۷۵
ͩʱѹʱ֮ЧڵʱûбȫֻͼĽ࣬޷ֹ
ͩȻ֧µʱ䣬ۺѪʨͼͩҲ˳ջʱʱ롣
ͩĵʱǾͲôǿķ԰ۺѪʨֲεĸ֣ǵľһܹͩʮϵĵСʱͬһֻȥͩʮϰĵжѡ
ԣλ۷ۣͩɲϴ¶Ӳƴ
ۺѪʨ֮󣬲û̶֣ҲɵʱѾ£˵ֻͩһˣʣµıȥˣ⻹ö
µʱ䣬㹻۰Ѵ񱮿ϳȥˡ
ʤѷ֣ٴȥҲ˷ʱˡ

޴۹Ȼ鴫˵ɹ˥ɵӵĪͨһ֪Է飬һˡɽģˮǺڡۺѪʨ˵꣬˺ռѵ뿪ˣһҲûС
ͩջ˵ƣһЦҪ뿪
һ˴֮˳ǰ뿪ıۡ
ףѾˣ˵
Ǹո뿪ǰôȥôãֵͩʵԭ۷۵ͨԽ½֮ңԶҲֻһ֮ѣõ֮á
֪ǿ񱮳ޱȣдԴ֮ػҸ޷ռ䣬ֻÿɻȥѵʱȻͶˡҡͷ̾
ʵϣողŰѶͻǣֽ˶֮󣬲Ŵռ
ȥʱ򣬻£ѡ
Ȼ񱮵ˣҾͻȥˡͩ˵ͷ˵
٣СӵУȥɣȥɡ۲ûֹͩԸ
ĳ͸ˣǰءͩ˵꣬˺ռ뿪˴˵ء
ûãͩͻصԼĵ۹Ų

һսڲͩʵһȽ׼ȷʶ
һλ޴ۣʵѾҲǰһŰˣµ͵˺ܶࡣ
ĦȽϴĵطҲϢƽ˺ܶࡣ
һͨһĻǾѾսԽתΪսԷء
һжΪһ۷ۣһλ۷ۡ
ȻԴʧٵϢûȥ
ȻλϣҪϼʮλʵ󣬻ǲɱԵò㡣
ѹȻܹı佮
һֵĽƻ̡
ΪսԷⲿѹ֮ʱôõʱôʱһЩҪȵʱ
ܲס⣬˿òġ
֮ǰ۵Ѿ㹻Ľ½ҲܹҽԽ࣬ԽƽȺڲìҲõڽķ⣬ֻҪĶʵڣ֮£ĸҲۣ

󳬼֮⣬ǾԶǶԼҪæ飬û䡣
æսڤ廥ǣƣæѹƳµĸչ
ţҲӰ첻ǵ档
һʱٿ
ԭҪĻ飬µʱ򣬶ÿſһΣд·ͻɼ۷֮ʱٿ
µٿˣ۵żƻٿ󻯻飬ϽҪμӡ
¸ʮ꣬󻯻һٿˡ
᳡Ȼɽ˺ʮǰҪҪһЩ֤Щ½׵в١
ϵǿߣֻҪΪ䣬ǵԪ޵ģȻԵϵԽԽӴ
һΣ۵⣬ȻŽ򣡡˵

һθıֵҪ飬ϣµżƻʼ׼׶Ρ

һſʼˡ
۽֮λ˳˻᳡ֻʣλ
ǵһ⣬Ǹս֮УΪȺҲвˣʱǴĳ˯֮лѹˡڣڽ֮ڵλ񣬽ȣǵû˿⣡˵꣬һˡ
ͩҲõһݣϣؼ¼Ҫߵϸϡ˹ò֡Լʱ͵ص㡣
ͩϸֵǧλ֮࣡
õλʮλ֮࣬У۷۾ˡֱͩۺԨۡ
ٵһλϵһǧ֮࣡
ʮ
һԸʮλֱʿɲһ𺳡
ǳǿ֮ˡ
ǿڱҪ֮ʱʱճ֮УѾʮλ񼶱ǿߣ䵱ȷڻҡ
λڻңֵ治ͨܳܵġǾżҲ⡣

һľżλҲôλʮλ
ܹλͬλ
Ҫ֪λʩչͨѾȥǿߣҪܴ֮ܺġ
Сλᱻɶ
ԣеλǲʩչִͨġһֻнϵλȥʩչ
Ҳ̫࣬ΪҲ̫صƣһעⱻжãǾ͵òʧ׷Īˡ
ֻĳټʮλнϵλ񣬼帴ʿ
ͩλ֮󣬴ʩչתʱգߵĴ֮ͨ
ΪͩҲûʲôҪĸˡ
һΣҲƲġ
綫˵λ
λȺߴųߵĵλʵԴȫ幩ŷͬһɺȨ
ȻΪȺ񣬶ΪȺʿǣλ֮һ
ֻҪɵκλ񶼲ѣв۴˿ĳ̽գҲڽӵ֮󣬸ϻ׼
ɸ֮в˶Ҫܳһʱ֮ڣǲˡ

Ҫ֮ɣ𣿡ۿʵ
ûСһڽӵλͷӦ
ʵϣĲˣǵһˡ֮󣬾ǻչһѡ
ʱ֮ڣ»Բ򣬵ʲô¡
ֻҪԼȫҲ⡣
ܿͽˣҶɢˡ
ͩջ֮󣬰һټ˹
ΪҳΪ˵ۼңҪӪĲҵ˳ȥƻҲ˴ԣͩһ檶סͩĵ۹֮УƽԼңչ
Ҫ̺ͩʳ
ԣͩһ£ܿˡ
ôŰǽкҪҪ˵𣿡Ϊͩңȿʵ
ΪҪһΪλ񣬿»ЩƣʵҾǻȽҵǧס˲Ļѡǧ֮ڲͩڻش
үҪˣʵ
ǧͩش
ôࣿ˵һλλ񣬾λҲܴܵķɰȵؽе

ǧʵ̫ˡ
ңһиȫλǿߡ
͸λҪܵĴȫ£ͬն
õģʱԶͷӦ
ŮԹΪףҲûκ
ͩͰȫǧ֮ڡ
ӣͩû˺֮ǡȻ˵˴ﲻܻ£һ򣬾һ
ϾԴ۳Ų˶ˣһʲôпܻᱨͩһֱϵϡ
ͩĸĸֵڣȫ֪ͨλʱԼ֮УҪ
һҪǷҲδذȫ
ΪͩҪǿ˷֮Ҳб²߻ǵĿֲϮ
ǵķܣ벻ͨҪһοֲϮĻҲ൱ֵġ
Ͼֱͩϵȫͨλ
źһ֮ͩͿʼϵĽܣǰ½ĳܾӪ
ϣһǧҪ֮˶Ӫܹ֮ѵ㼣

˿ӪѾˣȴͩĵ
ĹߣһλǿߣͩĵҲӭӵġ
£μ޴ۣλϥŵظͩ
öˣҽȥɡֽͩλ
ܿ죬ͩͽ˾Ӫһ㳡
ͩ˵ͷ˵㵽ȥŰɡ
ȥˡ
ͩһȣʱתӿ֮£Χʱտʼٻ
ֻ㳡ϳһھʿڴѵ龰Щ˵ĶǵġͺڵſĳӰ¼һ
λĴ֮ͨʱջݡ
ʱһӻһǧһ꣡
ʱͣͣ
Χĳ˲ֹͣ
˿㳡֮ϣվŶʮķӣÿˡ
ÿһˣλ񼶱ĴڣţҲ
ЩΪ˲Ⱥսѵ
ӴһȺں֮ڿԻȥġ
ЩǿߣͨŬģһһصʵͣҪսĻͱҪϸѵΪһϸľ˲ʸս
սĥ־һߵĵݺս
ڰս죬ĵʵСӵսֻͨµʿŻݡ


549  ߸
սԵĽ֮ǧݺĴսҪмɵľӣһȺں֮ڼеġ
ͩסʮλϵȻſ˶ʱյĿơ޸֮£ʱտʼָ
ֻбͩ÷סʮλλûʱյĻָʧ
ʮλѾȥλȻҪӹȥʱջصڵʱգΥģķҲ֮
ַ֮ʮΥλͷϣͩ÷ǻסɷ֮Ҳͩܡ
ͩԪʱƣͩͷõɣ˲ֺͩ
ӲԷɣҲ˵ͩòʱһģܵٷɻǶ١һ֣Ҳһ֡
ΧʱջָʱԭտĲٳֶʮˡ
ͩĵֱӼһ꣡
ǧпһλǿߣҲ㻮ġ
ϾͩĵпֻҪвȻԴԴϡ
ͩӹȥʱոʮλһʱĻ֮󣬺ܿͻǰһС
ףҲ𣿡
ô
֣֡֡Ҳˣ̫ˡ
ֻˣ

ʮλҵظףһ󣬺Ȼ֮һеʼٸߡ
ʮһֹӭسͩй֮񣬿˵Ȳμ۱£л»֮
ʮˣĸǱѾ䲻֪ˣڻֻһܣǾǱλ֮
֮⣬ֻһİվһߡ
Ȼ˿ᣬǾԲòȡˣܹǸֻۼĴܡ
ɣԶһͩƽػش
ʮȻ˵˲ٳϡ
ͩʩչʱջݵͨݵղŵʱ֮ͩ編ƵĪֱͨӻסһٸѡڵʱա
ٳϵʮλˣǰһĻ𺳣а氡λΰͨȻġ
ͩ˳һλߣǴӵ˼䡣
Ӧģͩĵּʮꡣ
֮ǹ̶ģͩľ磬ֻҪǧоܹһˡ
ΣͩɴཫӪٳ֮ϣϼ¼ѡһһѡУȻžŰٶλӹȥʱջصڡ

ͩͷϵĵˮ߷֮һۿɼ
ͩĸ֮󣬱뿪˴˵أ飬Ȼͩȥܡ
ͩȥƵļطĵУϵǧλѡ
ڶ֮Уˡ
ҪΪͩ޵ɵ֮ɵ֡ĵҲǶʱڿԻָģͩԾûϢһˣȻٻչأػָˡ
ȻǵӰɵķɣʩչͨĳ˵ʱܵķɣǶٻǶ٣ֱǵϡ
ԣͩõ٣ˣȫʢսֻǵֻʣ꣬Ա½һءڵ֮ĵҲ㹻ͩݺˡ
ǣɲͩһʱڸǧλ
ֲķ֮ԽǷܴ̫ض˯֮С
һҪָ¾Լˡ

ʮ˸һεĸܵķȻᣬҲܹڶʱ֮ڻָ
ӣССֵͲ˵˶Ӱ쵽ǵƻ
ԣȺʱޣоųɾž֮һָϢʱ䡣
ʱȥϢ֮λҲһˡ
Ͼۡ
ͩԼ񣬾ͲЩ£ɴԼĵ۹֮бչز
ͩ򷨹ľ֮󣬱ԽĽǰʾļȻ뼫֮Уһͽһ̡
ͩͬԽǰطĽ׶ΣȻͼ֮УĵУͬҲʹʵٽһ
ֱһǧļޣʱİ벽޾Ͷ֮䶼ǵ֮ԻĪܡ
ʱİ벽޾ͿԿʼԲˡ
ͩ۹֮У磺ǡԪռܡ첽طЩط֮ʱͩġͩҪΪȻͼ֮С

׼Ѿ漴һսĻ
ոռʮҵӴҪš
ⲻЩڵĸС֣ͬҲе𾪡
ҪŵҲ̫˰ɣ
ûͻĿתһϷӡҪķӦ
Ҫ֪ڴ֮ǰֻҪһŵļôķӦġȻþȫֹϧ߾̬ƣǣԴı
Ȼڷôսķʽһ赲š
Ҳ˱סŷչĽŲ
ֱͩճƾӭϴŵĻᡣ
˱ףϧɳԴ֣Ҫͩ
ΪĽţ䷢չǱԽʵþԽ졣Ҫ֪ĽҲʮ½Ұˡ
һ֮Ĵ½ʹﵽʮǧİ֮ࡣ
һҪţҼıһλҪӴһα屶
ӣҪһӡ

ڴǰܼ򵥣ֹĻôһεٿԽһ
ӵеĽ򼸺ˣҲһ
ˣôʵЩ֮󣬻ᱩǵһֲĵزԶԶؽ
ȻԷš
һгĻһԪҪչ۷壬ʱӺܾúܾáرѹƣгԽʱ
˵һţչǰһ޴ת۵㡣
֮ǰӵʮ½λʮλһֱѹķչ궼ûа취Ž򣬱ѹƵ൱ơ
һĽųɹӵ򣬷ѹķչ
ԣڵſϷء
ҲǳΣΪһλ۷ʵһߣһλ޴ۣʵǿߣ޴۵ʵҲ൱˵ãȻܹһ֮סλͬǿһµʱ䡣
ʲô

Ҳٿ۴¡
ô죿ҪֹǾ䣿ǲ֣ôʲôʽֱ֣ӶսǾְƴѪʨ׳⡣
ʲô˵ģǾԲܾ䣬һҪֹȵռǵĽôɾͱˣ֪ʱгͷ֮աһλ۷ۣͷۿ϶˵
޳ɣ
޳ɣ
ͬ⣡
ѡõųɵͬϾܹ۵ˣֹôҲܹóڵ̬ƺδΪ
չ̫ˣҪֹ
ãʲôʽֹѪʨ
ֱӿսԸ嶯Ȼηؽеһֱѹࡣ
սս
ս͵һ롣
ֻ۷۵Ľײȴûһ֧֡
Ϊ˽ˣڶʵڵˡֱӿսǶʵ̫ˣвͻ˽ǡ
õĽҲܾˣԼ˵ҪҪأ

ɶڴ˵ĻǵĴҲǱˡӥεشλ۷̾
λ۷Ҳһ̾
۷ۣҲλ۷һ۷ۣתˣһΪͻƣػֻҪĴ£ǲᶯġʣܹɵģֻλ۷ˡ
ȴλ۷ۿԵ
ԴۻڣôǱҲֵܹסĶ̫ǿˡ
Ӧ˫£٤ۿ˵
٤ۣĽΪȴ֮һ
ԸꡣѪʨۻش
һ棬ӦȥЩԵĸŽǣװǡһ棬Ҳս׼ɳѹҪʱһֲսҪʶǵľġʧٴҲñǵľġԴҪǵ͸ġһγĬˣǺ󣬶ôԺ»޼ɵӲǷ٤ۿ˵

ˣ˻뼸λ۷˽۵Ľıϡ
Դʧˣȴ֪ƣڳһսӣԴǿӲ̬ȡ
ǸڷŽǾֱӿս
ûǸӸս
Ȼȫ濪սӣǾ͵Ϸȫףӥǳս˻Ѫʨۡһ߾ʩ㹻ѹһ۷ۿİ٤ޣԷ确ѺáԮҪע߶ȣֱӳ档
Ϊʲôڷ粻ֱӳأ
ܼ򵥣ĬͬʱҲһǱ
ڷֲĶǴϷֱӳ棬ǾƻءȫһףһǾΥˡ
ʱҲͬƻأֱӳ֣ôƵԺŽʱȻޱȾ޴Ϊ϶ֹ
ǻû˵ȥΪƻصġ
ԣǿֱӿսڷȴƻء


550  ŵսĻ
ǣжʼϵĶսһĶսսѵһСս
ǿߣͰ۷ڵĸλ
ֻҪλսôʹⳡսǿЦģҪˡ
жģ벻֪С
˷ܵ׼Ϸˡ
æٿʮ˾ͷС顣
ȻϣҪˡΣҪˡ˵
ˮڡ׼ҪսԷΪ֮ƣ̲ݻһЦ
ʵϣͳ˲Ķ
ΪʲôҪͷһǿߣΪ˲ϧȺ֮еʮλλܴòչһʱ䣿
Ϊȱм
սǼ˵飬Ҫ롣
ս֮еڻָӹ٣мս
֮УǿּΪ⣬δǿڰս֮ĥȴڴս֮С
ԣһǿߣǿ֧žӣǱܹǱҪȲü£ս

ǱѾǶȺҳϺͷױȻõȺĳϣӵ֮ٻȨ
ͬģҲٴսΪȺս
ǿҲûǶһˣҲںٶΣԸ
֮ЩĽͻַǣԼĵ۹ܻȨ͸
ԣս
ǵսḻսսԲЩϰ˵սܱȵġ
νķֹˣЩΪ˴̶ڵģЩΪĶսڵġ
ޣҪָ೤ʱ䣿תͷʵ
ңֻǵУʵ𡣡ͩ΢΢һЦ˵ָУҪֻʱѣ˿ʱʱռٹܣˡ
˵ĻսǳսԨһޱ߾еȣʱ֧Ԯκһߡ۾
û⡣
Ҳǡ
õġ
֪ˡ
ͬӦ

ʵһλҲûʲô̫Ҫ飬һеıԤϵˣҲ׼
֮ͩͽʱʱռ١
֮ͩɹػָеУо
ͩȫɣʮʽѾȫΪһΪɱһԼΪľ
ңͩǰطĽ׶Σͼ֮С
ͩĵҲһꡣ
ͩӵа˰ĵС
֮еޣͩνջС
ͬʱԴľ
ͩҲҪūֻ̫ѣ۷۱Ͼͬһλǳ˯ˣʶ֮еǿҲͻơ
ǳ˯ˣЩͨҲϵģԴԸԱҲͩūĻᣬ֪Ա֮òˣҲͬԥ
䣬ͻ
Դ۵ͬʱʼ˱
֮е񣬾Ļ
ڴͬʱԴ۵䣬Ҳڲޱȡ

ĶʱٿˣΪľ۴¡
һλ۷ۣһ˵Ҳ˽ǵĴ¡
ʣİλ۷һã˴˶᳡һƬĬ֮С
ȻǱ׽ȥˣ򲻿ʧôãʱ䡣Ѫʨ̾
λǱ׾ܹ뵽һʵ
˭˭һɵġ۴е
ٺ٣º͵ǸͻȻɱйأֻǵ걬Ǽɱƺֲ󳬼֮ķΪºѲ鰡ӥЦһ˵
ȷʵˣ̫ˣǿ֯кܶ࣬˵ĳ֯õõһɱĺѲ顣
ڸӵɱҲǲڣֻǸӵеɱǲܷӳɱǿ
ܹɱ۷۵ģֻ۷ۼĴڣ֮۷ҲֻǾŴ󳬼С
ʵϣŴ󳬼۷ۼһҲռ۷۵ѡ
ɴ˿ɼ֮Ի

ƻѾöռƻִаɣר£ֻҪ鵽˭һҪǺÿһ۷ۿ˵
ǣλ۷˵뿪ҡ
⼼ȻǺǿģռỹûġ
򣬼λ۷۶һܹͻĵ
л˫׼
⣬һЩҲǻֲ̿
׼˵֮׼֮׼ӹҲ֮
׼ģȻǵᣬɳʹߣʹԽԽķ߽ˣȻṩԴṩװṩսʸЩߡ
װЩĴɳ¹ʲѵЩӡ
⣬Ǹһѳŵ棬Щ۵ȥƴ
˵Щʵ׼ˣϾ֮ǰһЩǵھӣǵھӣ뵽ôһˣֻû뵽ôѡ
Ե׼㣬Ҫ֪֮ǰھнͣһϣʮѡ

µԱ˺ܿĴ֮ʽ
ԣÿ춼˵Ļ֮Уһ졣
ˣ˵һսֵ޴ۣһ˵ϢԱ˵ĶĿ
ڿĸԣϢ֮󣬶һһ
еԲһģϢʱʧʲôǸѪޣ
찡ôɳôһɱ
ô죬ǻ翹ȥ𣿡
У˳̾еСļһ˳˻ң飬ʱˡ
Ҳǣ˴ͷȻӦ
˼һЩҪҪһˡλҪίһЩ
ͩʵ̫ˣսҲ൱ˣϵѪ̫࣬еǿߣûһҲаʮ
ر֮ǰЩھǣǻϱͩɱһ롣ҪȻҲ֮ˡ
ڣͩɷǱɵ˷սڿɱȵ껹Ҫǿٱֹ
ͩ಻Ǹ߽ۣѶԸѶԸҲǲܶԸ˶۸١

ڵͩǸ߸ϵ۷ۣǾͲ˶ͿԿ˵ġ
֮Уƺƴʵϣһ۷ҲûС
û۷ǣ޴ۣô֪ˡ
޴һɱ䣬ڳλû˿ԵֿҲû˿κε
Ѫ޵̫ˣͩԵǿߣûлڡ
˼ǿߣ˵ɱҲɱˣһ˼ҲûУ˵ˡ
ڳλǸԣõλ
ʲôܹǺµģֻΣա
ͩǵ֮Уʱɱ׿
ʵ֮Ҫţԭкܶ࣬ɷϵǣĴˣǴ򲻹ҲԴݳ˵˴үүɴˣޱ޼ʣ˰ᵽطȥ¿ʼ֡
սѪޣʱв֮£вȨ֮ѡ˳
һӾнĳɵ˳ˣʼרİ峷Ĵ¡
֮ͬǰ˵еҪеԸ⸽ӹͶ
֮ҲߣԣϵϢܿʹߡ
ӵϢ֮ڲļλ۷۶ͩԼͬĴָЦ˵ͩǲս֮ʵдա

µԱ˺ܿĴ֮ʽ
ԣÿ춼˵Ļ֮Уһ졣
ˣ˵һսֵ޴ۣһ˵ϢԱ˵ĶĿ
ڿĸԣϢ֮󣬶һһ
еԲһģϢʱʧʲôǸѪޣ
찡ôɳôһɱ
ô죬ǻ翹ȥ𣿡
У˳̾еСļһ˳˻ң飬ʱˡ
Ҳǣ˴ͷȻӦ
˼һЩҪҪһˡλҪίһЩ
ͩʵ̫ˣսҲ൱ˣϵѪ̫࣬еǿߣûһҲаʮ
ر֮ǰЩھǣǻϱͩɱһ롣ҪȻҲ֮ˡ
ڣͩɷǱɵ˷սڿɱȵ껹Ҫǿٱֹ
ͩ಻Ǹ߽ۣѶԸѶԸҲǲܶԸ˶۸١

ڵͩǸ߸ϵ۷ۣǾͲ˶ͿԿ˵ġ
֮Уƺƴʵϣһ۷ҲûС
û۷ǣ޴ۣô֪ˡ
޴һɱ䣬ڳλû˿ԵֿҲû˿κε
Ѫ޵̫ˣͩԵǿߣûлڡ
˼ǿߣ˵ɱҲɱˣһ˼ҲûУ˵ˡ
ڳλǸԣõλ
ʲôܹǺµģֻΣա
ͩǵ֮Уʱɱ׿
ʵ֮Ҫţԭкܶ࣬ɷϵǣĴˣǴ򲻹ҲԴݳ˵˴үүɴˣޱ޼ʣ˰ᵽطȥ¿ʼ֡
սѪޣʱв֮£вȨ֮ѡ˳
һӾнĳɵ˳ˣʼרİ峷Ĵ¡
֮ͬǰ˵еҪеԸ⸽ӹͶ
֮ҲߣԣϵϢܿʹߡ
ӵϢ֮ڲļλ۷۶ͩԼͬĴָЦ˵ͩǲս֮ʵдա


551  ս
ʵϣ֪Ϣڲͬʮҡ
ͩɷǶ˵ֱͬһһڣ鷳ᡣƫƫڲκεͻļһ
ԸԸѲص巽ۣΪѾνͨʵúܡ
ͩһɱףɱףĽɱףս׵ı̬ʵò׼
ͩ򷲽棬ѹ
ңļλ۷ҲǱԴ۵ʧ٣ͩûֱӵĹϵҲмӵĹϵ
ǿһ۷۰
˭֪ͩ˶ٵƣֻ߱ʲôǿ
˵ֻͩһʱԪ֮۷ֲֻгС
ڳ֮ҲǲڣжڰУ˭֪
ֻǳмԪ֮ԵλԵøһЩҰϡ
ĸŴ󳬼ϾŴ󳬼֮ȻжԹҲǲһ¶ġңʵҲ˵ġ

Ĺ֮У˶˶ֱ塣Щǿڰ˵ͩͺЩϵ
ԴۿֶԸͩôֶͩͬԸԴۡ
ֻֻڶ²֮һûκ֤ݣͬҲͩûκΰ취
Ϊĳʵ̫ˣ˵ĸҵõɱ׼£Ҫĳأ
ʱ׼ʱعȥˡ
ϾҪּսɲǶʱھܹ׼õġ
գ֮䣬ȥˣǷ绹磬ǳƽ
ȻƽָͷڵĸȫԣԶƽ
ķչһ׳սʷ
ÿһ𣬶ʵģûκһкƽһ˵
ֻսԼļ⣬ڹȡ棬ͬʱñԼʵɵԼ
֮Уÿһ̤Ѫġ
Ϊ浮֮ÿһ嶼ǴСǿ

ҲԴ½չ˺þã㹻ʵ֮󣬲ŵġ
ڵ½ڣҲһСŵռ½
Ĵ½жԹ
һ룬½֮̾࣡
ռ½ʵϣ½ûȫΪ̫ˣٶ࣬ʵʵҲռ½İٷ֮һ
ֻ̣ӵУԴɼ֮أ߸ɴǱԭ֭ԭζ
ҲΪʲô֮УûôŽԭڡ
Ϊռһ½ôĵ㹻ȥˡ
置ţʵľǸ粹㹻Ȼ㹻ȥ½
Խ࣬ʵԽǿһʵҲԽǿ
һУҪ㹻Ľ˿ڣ˿Խ࣬žԽ࣬޳ʿҲԽԽࡣ
ͩڷ磬ս˾Ｏʮλλ񣬱һҪһЩľȴһսʮ
˵һεսģһλҪ

ĶԱȿɾҪٵöˡ
ҪԵˣʮżϰλλ
߾ȻֻʮλҪǴȥⳡս»ûпѾһˡ
Ҳûа취飬ΪǱߣѹǴڵġ
òѶսޱ߾ȥ
߿ǵǸֻʱյһȥжû۷۳ټͩɷ
ƶԷ϶óսֶΣʱ䣬ش
ʵϣҲɹˣˣҲȷʵ˼ͩĴڣλս
ֻսܹܻǴ
һͺƴҲûеƴϾԼģڵһжʧȥ
ΪԽߵǿߣԽϧ
һ룬Ϊһ߼켶ôƴ
սʼˣ
ڴͬʱҲԥطַ߾ս
ս
սɵؽţΪ֮ײǳսʱ֮ʤԷֳ

սȴǽ֮ӼңǶ֮ײ
ɳ۷ۣʮλλ˵һιơ
ֱƴĽడ
ҲŵˣҲû뵽ķӦ˼ҡ
λ񶼲ãֱӾϵ
Һã׼ڱ߾Ҳ˲λͬҲλ۷ǿƵصסĽ
Ƿʲô裬ѵҪһȺսɣӦŰۣŭʵ
ߣʹ˭˭ǿޱȵػصΪʱ֪ҪǿӲ᲻޼ɵ
һߣѪʨۺ֣ͬҳ̶ҲѷɫڰۺͱֻۡǵΣټңҲֻƤ֮˼
Ѫʨ̫ˣ𣿡ŭ˵
ٷϻҲжûнˣҼʶһ£Щ㳤˶١Ѫʨ۰ػش
٣ƾ㣿ͽﶼκβˣʲô˵󻰡۲м˵
ƫƫѪʨûа취Ϊʵ
޴۲۵ͽ

Ѫʨ߳ŭõҲԽԽ
ֻۺںʹѪʨԿ˿·硣
⣬ӥۺԨͬѷѽ⡣
½ԼĦ޴½ͷ۶ĬԼĵϳ֮Уûж
λ۷ۣѾ߳ĵˣҪǳߣֲսͻΪȫս
˫һȫս
Ϊսô棬㰡
ͬΪԴ䣬ʵԣ㡣
һһɳλ۷ۣδûƵͼС
ԣ߶ûеȫսעֻһֲսѡ
˫Ķǿ߽棬һһ£ˣƽճ
֮ǳսĿʼΪ˫һս֮Ҳ֪ٴȥҲȡʤֻԳսʤˡ
ϵδչս֮£ױ
սһ̫ҪֻҪܹסˣؼڷսӮ˵ĻܹõһĽ⽮֮󣬿ֱ׷ĽˡôĽδķչǰ൱ɹۣչٶȾԱҪϡ

ӴĽ򻹿ԻȺڲ䲻ìܣڲìܣȻȻͻӭչ
ʵڲҲǺƽģڲͬʮƵϾʵ̫ˡ¾֮ìܡ֮桢֮ޣһʵޱȸӡ
ÿ춼µŻÿҲоɵļ
Ȼɷϣֻ֮£ʿܹõֵĶɳʣµĶǾӢ
ͨɷΪݣìܵ󣬷ò
󳬼Ȼʿķն񣬷ͨײ㱣÷ǳƣΣͨܶԴһɲ
ҲΪأԲͨʿദʮǢ
ʿͨյӣͨҲԼŮɲĶܵͨȨ
˫Ļ
Ϊգܲϵǿ
ʱƣսģڲϵ˫ıš
ܵ˵ڽڽƽܵҲԽԽ
ΪʮƷߵռֻǶԷİٷ֮һǿƼϵĲˡ

żĿƼƷķֻԲƷ
ΪԮЩĴܹװһƷ
ҪȻֵķ
Ȼ˵ս֮ռƣս
һǧҲֻƽ߶ѡ
ͩ˾һǧδ뿪ʮλڣûгֹΪԷʵ̫عˣɳʼǿսλεǿһҲûϹս
ҲãҲᱩ¶ߵĿ顣
˾ʱ򣬼λǿߺŲ裬ޱȵ˵ٺ٣һǧ꣬ǻûпš
ˣ˵ǱߣüңۼĴսͱ˲Σȥ
˰ɣ̫Σˡ˵λҡͷ̾ϾΪλǸεսҲΣաʵϣѾλԼϰʡǧʧƵϲˡ
͵ػλѣôˣ
ڳڶһĬһĸоӢսġ

һʮŽһʮߣ˵ʧС
۶ˣɴ˿ɼսĲˡ
ͬòȥҲۣ˫ƽ֡
Ϊǿߵ䣬˫Խصײ㣬սҲˡ
ͩϽתƻѪһ㣬ջľƷǱҲн֮ɣƷ൱һͨ鱦ˡ
ƷǱʲôչƣװЩƷǱľӶǶԷľʵǿǴⲿ֣ʮ֮һɣһλۿ˵
װĵзҲǸҷأСӡҪװʮƷߣװӴٱֹһλ۲
ٺ٣Һ޴ΪʮƷߵƼս⻰Ȼƨ˼Уȷʵʵ
ޱ߾սӵĽսٵж࣬ʤ٣װϵľ޴ˡ
Ҳ벻ȻװϵֿƼϵĲ࣬ĳӳ˺ܴĿ
ǰ˫Ƽȼ£ǾʤĹؼɳ˰ǧһǧȻһǧ꣬Ҳûֵκαˡ
ʵ̫ˡ


552  
Ȼߵľ࣬ڷʮڴԣ㲻ʲôϵĲɾʹˡ
ֻսľӶ񼶾񲿶ӣڷǰΪΪڴ½֮иŲ֣Ī˵ʮ񣬾һڴ½֮´൱ء
ǾǰҲװžƷߣװʮƷߣװжҪǿϡ
ⳡսһǧѾʻǾĹƲ赲ٴȥʱ˵İܾ־Ͳˡ
ңǻǷһⶼң˭ԽԽûġ
ڣͲסʱˣɳһֱеĵ֮һλ񼶵ĳʮ
ʮǿߣɵĳ⼸ʱľˡ
Щѹȥȡʤ˵ĻôֻλԳˡ
˵ʵЩʱ˻治λ񼶱ĶսΪǿɲôۺĵ̡
˵ԽӣλλȻ̸ۣ˽ǡʱ˵λȻ࣬ҪֳʮƽһÿҲλλ
ǿ˽ˡ

ҲΪʲô˶أȴ׳սԭڡ
ʮλ񼶵ľŽսҲȷʵܴѹĹҲ˶
ָӲͩһ۾һ𿪻ᡣ
ף벻ǵֱô󰡣ļҵ׶óˣҪƴˡսָӵĻۿ˵
ǣʲô˵ģλ񼶵ľţֲûУЩ鱦װȫλţ±ȵװɱλţһλۺЦ
Ҳǵ̲֮һ
λζװͨɱеɱҲвӵС
ʱճλţȻʮװβ룬鱦ûռ˵ɱˡ
ȻɵλֻһһʮԲ˿ѣ
ǻʲôλſɲģĺǿӦЩһʱϵԽãǵԽ󣬸ϽǵλȥЩмʶһǵһλۿ˵
ͬ⣡
ͬ⣡
صͷȻתͷͩϾͩվˣͷ´ﲻˡ
ԣðȴǣǲż⣬ҲҪ׼ˣһ˵λűܿͻֵϳˡͩɨһڳʮλۿ˵

ˣԼͬ¶˼Ȼ֮ɫ
Ȼû˻Ầ£ϾԷ˶أСӡ֮£ᶪ
ţǰ׼һ°ɣһǲսսĽֺܿͻˡλս֮ϣΪϡһʲôΣգȳһḺڻͩؽ˭֪ǲʲôƿвǿߵأ
ǣ˻һȻɢˡ
ǵûлͩܲúڻϾͩ۷ۣ֮Уû۷ۡ
ĻȥָӾˣȥսǰ׼ˡ
ͩڣ˭֪۴սʼ֮ĽΡ
ͩųǲ֪ⳡս֮У᲻伸ۡ
Ͼ̫һЩ
ܹۣͩսĸ֣ҹٶȵȵȸͬԵ㣬װϣһɫһϵɱС
λżսͻϮ˵һλţöԷһŴܿ䣬롣
ݺݵشһµ˵棬öȫûƢ
ʱ߽λŲǿŵ׷λš

ʱ˵ĸֱ߲ţЩλ֮еÿһʿǵı
һ˽λЩӱļһȻ֡
پż޷λ
λΪ
ΪʲôҪôأҲһĽ
ͨλǲȥģΪ֮ÿֱ̫ˡ
۷۵ļ𣬵ǿԸλ񡣶ʼλ۷Ҳҳԣͬϡ
ʼλֻмԪܹ֮
棬Ԫ֮ʼģֻоŴ󳬼
ҲǳĿ֮
˼ҿʼǿߺƴīҲƴΪǿߣˣҲԸΪ̡
ǿߣһһʵڲϵؼ١

ʱˣϡ
ǳһλǴĸλȫûƢǰλš
ϱȲǾʹ֣⣬ʮλţǿѹһͲˣʮ֮£򲻹
ԣʮ㹻λŸû
ûóô죬ʮȫѹȥԤӣǲ̫ðˣ
ôֻһλţ
һҲ֪ĵ̣Բֻһλš
磬ںսݣҪЩλ½綼ܡҪ֪ǣĸ󻼡һλ˵
ǻǵ˵ɣ԰λŶһѹһҲƴڿߵ֮һλȡһм취
ţԡ
ð취
ı󶯣Ҳû
λ۶ͬˣλҲԴû

ʱ˳Ƥ˰֮󣬲´ôһ
һ棬ʱ˿ʼһжλڷ档
ս֮ϣ˫λŶţҲסˣð
ǣս֮ϣ˹ƽ
ƽ֮£ӿ˫ĳԾӼҡ
ͬʱƽҲԿǱǰ
գϢս˫ĸ߲֮š
ʱһһŵϢһοսǾսʤĹؼһս˰ɣ
ʱ˺Ϊ˲ʵǺĶ˼߼ߣϧ¶鱨ߣ˲عڴȫλ۶Ϣ֮Уƶϳڷս֮Уֻһλš
ȻֻǴӲƶϳĽھľ鱨鱨֯Ҳܲó
ֻܴӸϢ֮󣬲ܲƶϳܵĽ
˵ڷ粼˶λǿߣϢþȫҲ鲻Ϣ

ΪϢֻ۽ײ֮дܹͨλ񲻳ɣ
Ҫ֪ǿߣǳɾ󳬼ĵϵ
˵ͩ½۷ۡ
ףʮ˴ͨ࣬׵òˡȻڹѧԺ֮н޹ɢӶռ־ŵѡνӶᡣ
ʦǳΪһĵմνǸ졣
ͩɳĹ֮УΪͣնɱʮλۣĴڣܱ
ͩ޵ɵе֮˥ţһ˿Υģܶɹ˵˥
ͩӵڵݵλԲǽҡͩһһشƴġ
ĸ۽ײ㶼ˡ
ΣڷֻһλţϢʱˡ
ӵϢʱˣʱѾȫλš
˵һ۾֮󣬷ûðǽ˵ǿ϶ҪģֻǴҲҪСλţսҲδزһʮģΪӦôӳ顣

δӳ飿ѵҪ̽ԷʵɣǶֵʵǿ̽ĻҪɶپȥ̽ã뻢ڡˣֱȫˡʡΪ̽ı۸ո˵꣬̾˳Ե
ò˵ʱڲͻޱȣģһ˼죬ֻ׵Ϊ˼Ҹվ۵۵
̽ʲôãֻǰװıþȫˡ۵вͬġ
ʮʾͬˡ
λִҪĻǾ͵ս׼ˣΪʮžıǮˣˣֻгಲˡλ׼λ˵еѪ𣿡һλ۴˵˼ԣǼȻҪȻô֮Ľһ仹ӮǶⲻҪսˡ
ˣȻҪϾɱϾλڮɾ֮һˡ
ӮˣǻҪֶԸǿߣζΪ֮սˡ

λ۵ĻҪѴңǱ߿һλ۷򣬶һѪޡ
⻰һԭֺĻ᳡ֳһӰȻҶԽ۷֮޴ۡ
ԭڽ۷֮ǰѾ൱ˣ˵֮޴ˡȻ˵۽֮޴ûдնɱͬ׵Ŀ´˵Ѿ൱ѹˡ
ϹأУȡʤǼи߽۵һҪ޴ۡڳĴ˶٣һһ޴۷Ŷԣڳû˰õǼֱһ޴۽µ˷
ԣԶǱģҲΨһеķ
ͩնɱԴ۵ϢȥĻЩ۵ľͲôԶ٣ô·ˡ
Ҫ̫ͩײˣ۷۶նɱνףѪˡ
˵Ҳȷʵˣһ۵ۣͩɱˡɱ¾֮Уͩһһص۷۵ı


553  ս
ʱȻ֪λۣԿ϶Բ̫࣬ϾǱߣڿı߾൱ҡ
˵ǣס߳ϵľ򣬷߿ͷֳʤˡ
ڻ꣬һ죬ʱͻȻһȫ߷
ȻǼ˫λŵĽϡ
λֻһʱ˲λŶ߸ʱ˻ԤΪһսַ˱仯ҲԤӿԳ
⼸꣬Ҳǰ׹ģפλţѾһ̵ķʩǴ͵ķսߡ
һڣȻ漯λԽԽ࣬Ҳ˿
ڸϣλ졣
Ǽʮλţѵû֧Ԯʲôģ
٣ƾЩƾҪˣѾʮţǾŸ롣ѾǴˡڣߣǸǾ͸񡣡һλм˵
ãǰȻ죬ʲôȻܾ
Ͻȳڣ㡣

ڸһԶ󲿶ӣܹľҲԽ
ܿͷ˻ȥŵķӦҲ൱죬ܿͽս״̬פ˸㡣
λ֮󣬾ʹڸڳ˻ʿҲܿפһ
ֻǧǧСһķ
ЩʵǷ͵սߣƶҲԵɵﱤá
ߵս׼ոãͿĵ˴ѹ
ƾΪ֧λŵľųվһķĸߴŶԷľ
׼ãȹһ󣬵Ǹٺݺݵش򡣡ĻָͨϵͳԴﵽÿһʿĶ
˫Ųڹľ룬ʱ˾ȹˡ
νľҲǰġ
һֿƶ󷨣еĿеĿеĿԼӿ취ָеĿԼӿơ
ַΪ;;С;΢;
ʵһ־΢;ɣֻͬѡ
һٸ΢;һС;󡣶һٸС;һ;һٸ;һ;
һ΢;಻ͬһ嵽ʮʿɡ

ҪľǱٶȺϡ
ȻֻһֶָΣ̿Ļʿʺս
һʿʺսкܶ෽棬мԡзԡװǿʵǿ־ߵ͡оߵ͵ȵȷۺϡ
ö˵ʿƽʺսϣȻԶǿʱˡ
ⲻһǧǧѵͿĲࡣ

Զʱ˵߸;з˹
ʮķӿ
ķ߸ܵĹѸٸ˷Ӧ
ǧߣͷų֣Ĺ
ţʱ˵߸;ͷ˼׵ص
ϾЩڿԽľ룬ȴ󽵡
ֻ̽ѡ
ôԶĹҲвġ
̽ߵķǿȡ
Ȼڿʮʮҹ֮ʱ˾ָӵĵһųͣ
Ȼټŵľų
λЩĹشҶˣǼ˼棬һιƵ˵ķߡһŵľų˵
սߣȻ鴫ҪǵķߣҪԮ
ԣǵսսȣֻԮϣƷߡ

ҪЧشķߣõİ취ȻԮͬսǱС
ֻսһ㶼ǸĻܣǵװԮʹá
ǿ𣿱ϾսǱѰһų˵
ǣõĶǱսʹá
ȥһ˵ҪǺƴǲѪôУ
仰õ˾˵ͬ
ڳĶǸȺ֮м᲻ʲô⣿˾ľԮҪǺƴ
ʵûĸɵӣֻǴҵͬ裬ܹһļϡʱܹɽֵľ棬ʵҲΪԮ
սڣǵʮϡ
ʮҲҲͽˣ˴ٴȥֵĺ
ͣ죬ʱ˵ȥҪսǱԮܾˡ
ûа취ʱˣҲֻóս˶أһҲܹķߡ

죬ͣĹƣֿʼˡ
ұǰҪңս֮ϣʽս
սߣҲʼܵս
ߣƾ
ԭǧķ߿ʼƾʽеս߲۴Сһ飬Ȼ硣
ʹøСսߵǿ
ʱ˼ߣҲ֪᲻ʧǿʼƽ
ʮλƽս߳ܵѹҲڲ
ʲôʱſԻ˶ЩȲˡ
֪ϣųǱɡ
żȵ˸ˣǵĹܹ󻯷ãڹȻҲеЧȴ˷ѴĹʵڲֵ
ôóԶ̹Ч뻹Ǵڵġ
ǿߣҲܴһ˷ܹһˡ
ȻռĹǲġ
ȥˣʱ˽սƽһľ롣
ͬʱܵĹȴһࡣ
Һãս߹ͱˡ˵Ĺʵ̫ˡ

׼ˡƾʵ
طͿʼˡ
սڳĸ̵սպĽսһһ쳯֮ġ
ʱ֮󣬲ƾ
Ⲩķ߷䡣
գ֮ҽʱ˵ս֮С
ʱ
󣬷սսŷ֡ųͬʱ
ʹʱ˲ȡ˴ʩѹȻڡ
Ͼǣװʵ̫ãõĶǹɱ
ͬĹ鱦ɱȫ¡
ȻٵԷսƾ
ǣλ񼯻˵սöʧ
Цλ񣬾൱ڼɱƾŵսǿҲǰƷƷĻɫ
£ֵսﾭɱļ𹥻
һҲŵùȥֵ֡֡ļ𹥻ǻսǱܣҲܲ˼֡

ÿֲĻʱ˵ļλųµ̾
̫ǿˣȫǶֻ֣ܹȥཻ̱ʤ㡣
󣬳ս󣡡
δӷѸٱ˳սڳٶмӳɣгʱĳҲмӳɣҲ൱
ǷǾԲֵܵ˿ֲĻǣҪΨһǱȥ̱ƴ
ֲܹĻơ
ڵ˵ս仯ķӦҲ൱Ѹ١
٣ȻǳսҪڴսΣߺ󳷣ֻƾһ
սߵһڲԱʼսߣ󳷡
Ȼ˵ٶȱȲ϶ֵľٶȣȴҲܹһˡ
ս֮ڣ㣬ÿһųͷŹ
һֽһ֣û˿ͣϢ
ɶ̫ƻˣӿٶȣ嵽ǰʤǵġʱ˵ļųڢʶһ㡣

һս˫ɳ˾Ե˭ˣӰ쵽δս֡
Ӯⳡսɨʱ˵Ĵ뷴֮νʤȯա
ʱȡʤʹʱʧȥ˼ҪһʱĻشսԽתսԷ
޴󣬶һʹսʱصĻпתսơ
߿սǱߴڷ̬ƣˣҲЩһսĹؼڷսĽˣºܳһʱڶʧȥŽĻ
ʱˣĲ֪Ҫȶˡ
ԣһս䡣
ͬģʱǱҲ䲻
ڣ˫ƴľˡ
ʣͶԷƴսڶԷ֮£ذɡ룬ƾǿĻƣԸ˳صĴ
˵ϼӴһֱطΪֹöԷò˱
һ߷棬һսˡ
ȻƼ󣬽սߵıǿԾйΪ㡣
һʱ˵ӣžԵơսһһʮװϵƣҲǳѣ˶ܹͩһı̬

սˣҲϵؼ˵սһʱ򣬵˲òս˵󷽡
ƾųƣʱ˵Ĵ˲صĴۣڲͣ˫ľ롣
ǾԽĻԽǿ
ԭ˫ǧʱʱֻոչǧѣ˫벻ǧʱʱ˵Ĵ־Ѿˡ
Ҫ֪ëû˵ʧλ
ҲһֱйעŴսλ۵ֱؿڣ̲סֱλš
Ȼ嶯嶯һʱ֮䣬ʱ˵λҲδ֮ǰððȻ֮ս
ܹڲ֮ս£λţôƾͻȫһˡ
ڼڣǲòĽˡ
ôʱ䣬Ҳܹʱ˵һϸϸؿǽĳ·ںηҲиʱս׼ˣ㹻·


554  ͩ
ʱ䲻֪ţ˫սһڣʱ˵λʧ˽£Ų嵽ߵʮﴦ
Ҫӽľ»øɵԤӸͶȥ
һֱעŴսʱ˵λ񣬶żˣüζͲסҪˡ
ȥǵļҵ׿ɾȫܹˣְɡһλӱȽϼۿ˵
УǲֵĻǱҲзӦΪǾûڰйע𣿿¾ǳ֣ҲδܹؾơˣѪ˵ڰжء̾һλԵ
λ⻰˵ˣҪΪѪ޵̫ʢڳ˶Ѫ޷ֱӳͻ
ǣȥȵǵʧٳֿɾˡҪһֱӿսˡһλԸȽֱۿ˵
עⳡսۣĲ١
Ҫֱӳֵʵ٣ֻкܴһֶڹ˼ͩŲҳ֡

ʵʱ˵Ļϣ۶ֵ飬ֻǿλһûб̬
չս֮ս£ô׵ȻλΪס
޴ȻҪǺܿס
ǲ̬ĳ׺нҲûа취
ʵļλҲףȥλŵսɾ䶨ˣһ룬ʮλŴһ뻹ûиԷ˿еĲʵڲöԡ
Ҳ붯ֻ֣ҪðΣµİ
˵ʵǻĲֱ޴ۡ
ֻеʱڽɼ
ǲҲˣλȫûˣôʧĳܲˣʵѾҪܲĵزˡ
ǳְɣϵԽãǵʧԽϢѾˣڷλ񲢲ֻ࣬һ޴۱ȽѲôˣ񰡣
ԣ˶أα
һѷȫϣƴˣ
ƴˣҪռҵȽҵȻҵҵڲƴʱƴ

᳡Ⱥӿͬ飬Ѫڡ

ˣ뾲һһ£ԵƬ̡λվ˵
Ҷϵó˻᳡
ͺһЩ£ȻҪѯڶ۵ʵ󲿷ֶɼλ۷žġ
Ҳһʱ˵ĺܶ¶ɼλ߽žġ
᳡֮һλۣũۿʵλкߣ
ǿ벻ҲѰѪ̾
޴۲öԸҡͷĵ
ʲôҾͲţǼ˽λǿһΧܹκεʲôֵµ
ԣ۷˶أλ˭˭ʯͬ
ڲ֣һ£¾ˡׯ۵ĵ
ʵҶһսǲɱģ綼һսڴԺٴһġе˸ű۾ֱ׵˵
λһڵũ۵ȻҶô˵ˣôǸɴͶֺˡ
ã֣֪ͨȥҶȥ׼ʱ֮Ǿͼϣһ֣λҲ֮ȻˣͲ

ʱ˵һλϢ֮󣬴󲿷۶Ȼкãڸ֮У֮ϵĴܵôѹˡ
ǵ׼´ﲻãͬõϢ
ͩټڷǿߡ
ŴҶӵ鱨ǱѾҪһ֮սˡҲȥ׼ɣСһ㣬ȫһͩ
ǣλ۶ûзޱȵظȥ׼ˣɲģ֮սȻţս֮ϣ˭˵׼ġ
ս֮ϣλͬڳģû˭ԸԼΪһ
ܿ죬ս׼һǿߣ͸ͩսһߡ
˴Сʱ߹Ӵӡλŷѹȥ
ͩһ֮䣬ͬ߹ȭǿƵشɢ˶Էӡ
زͩҲûжܣڵȳȥơ˵꣬һ̤޾֮С
⴦վ˫λսսǳԶ㱬һ֮սҲӰ쵽һս

ɣöزصˡͩ˵
Ȼһڷ紵ͩ治ԶͳһȺɫλ
Ⱥλһ֮࣡
ͩȻҲ֪ŵ֣ʱ򣬻൱Ӿġ
ͩϸһʵڳڶ֮Уռ߳ϡ
ͩҡҡͷвм룺ƾƣȲ˵Ϊж󣬹˵һٶλ֮У߳϶и߽ۣ⻹нһ۷ۣ
ΪŲ̫࣬ʵЩǼʮ߼ܴճһٶλ
ö˵Ҳһٶλۣнһ壬һʮλۣ
һλ񣬶нۡ
ԣȻ٣ʵϣʵҪˣͩλ۷ء
ֻȷʵ˶أôӶΪ
޴ۣȻ鴫ֻһ˵ĻҲֲ˺ȥũ˵

Ƕɡͩ˵
ʮλ۴֣֮ͩλվ
ôõֻôˣѪʵ
ʵһ㹻ˣԸǣõŶˣͩЦЦʵ˵
ȻͩԼ֪˵ʵ
ʱǱߵһٶλˣȴòըΣͩŭĿӣ޲̶֡
ŭȵ
ͩЦЦſ챭򣬼
ǲǿһǾ֪ˡͩһλۡʯۡ

ͩ˽һʧԭء
գ֮䣬ֽͩʯǰѾûʯü֮С
ʯ۸֪һĪΣУǰһԴһ֮ۡ󣬵֮ͩʶѾҪڰֻһ䣺ڲ
漴
һһλӦɣ
һĻʱ˵һλ񿴵Ŀɿڴ
һۿһĻҲĪͬʱʿ
ɱɱũ۾ֵؽе
򣬸Һݺݵش򡣡߳ŭغ
ҲҪţ˶ƶ࣬ΧҲΧеǵѵ

ֳʮλнۺͶʮλۣס֣Ǻ۷ָׯָʮλнۺͶʮλۣȥӦǿߡ
ֻ챭֮УЩ۵ʵѹϡ
׼ȷ˵߽۱ѹн۱ѹĳѹϡ
Գ壡ũҲͷų˶ɱͩ챭򿹺⡣Ҳͩڼ۵ѹơ
ڴͬʱʮ۶ȫͩ˹
ͩͷƣЩɣϧƺƴһȻֻȥͩʮĵжѡ
Ǻˡ
һĻҲŵһڳֹλǡ
Ǽţ˷һԼľС
һʱ֮䡢⡢âǹȭȵͩǶ
ͩܶûУվԭأӲеĹ
ʮλۣϧһһͩڵĵطѾγһ޴Ŀռڶӣƺ涼ʮλλһ㡣

õһСͩ˵
湥һۣʱǼѹֺ;ɥģһּĸо
ũ۵ȼλۣ̾ԭ۷۵ʵ𣿡
ûдֻ˵۷۵ʵϣǴûʶ۷۵ǿ
ʵܶֻۼܹܵһ档
ղͩһɱʯۣѾŵ˲ۣ⻹Թ龿ͩѪ޵ĺպ
Ͼʢ֮ʿͩı֣Ҳںܶǿߵ֮Уԣǲûб
һĻȴ˲ò
ʮλۣ˸ǿȵ͹Ȼ˼Ƥûţʵֲ̫ˡ
ʱһڸ߼ǿǲףǾԹõģʵһĳ̶ȣٶҲһ
ͺǧİһλʱҲǺõġ
ܲң߽ۺ۷֮䣬Ȼֻһһ֮ȴر
򵥵˵߸һεġ
˵׺нˡ

˵䲻ģͩУ۷£ϣ
ֻҪԷûжɱͩһܹ˶Էղŵʯ۾õ֤
ͩеƻ򷨲֣
вͩǲĴڡ
ֻ۷۲ܿ۷ۡ
Щ࣬û۷ۣƲͩķҲ޷ͩĹ
Ľֻܱ
۷۳֣Ȼ˲ͩͩҲͬκε۷ۡ
ĽƽճһԵС˴š
ͩһλۡۡ
һͩ˲ʧԭأգ֮ǰ
ڱ֮ͩʱ͸ܵ޴ΣոУΣܹģָܼϢ
۷ܣþֶΣûа취ܡ
ҪҪɱң۾ֵشĵ
䣬ͩĽѾˡ
۵ģͩûᣬ˵ˡ
˻ڳڶۣһɱһɿ־嵨۶ܵĴ㡣
һľԼ


555  ֳ
ͩݵذγ۳Ϊ˵ڶۡ
ۿĿɿڴǸ߽۰
һλ߽ۿԵ춨һżǿʢһλ߽֮гưһݺңһλ߽ۿңڣӡ
ڸ߽ȴǱͬ׹һɱ¾
ۿͩĿֻп־ͺ£ͩƽȻӣУƾն˼ͺײаĳ˶ħ
ҲţҾͲ۷ľǿסũۼؽе
Ѿû·ˣֻɱۣǵδ־ǰˡׯ۽Žе
仰˺ܴãνǽӼ˻ҧˡοЩۣ
û·ˣǷſʼ֮䣬ûкƽԡ
ս֮ϣλŵڷսһˣһս䶨ˣλȫû
λţʧٲңǻиأָܹλһʧˣˡ

˱ʱֱ´˱
λŽսǰߣ˫÷ǳңִطͱسŶԷйš
ֻһӵսߵƣʧ󣬶ǲٿսߵԱĹֻ˲֪ٴΡ
սߵȻһֿṩȻҪֹģս֮£Աһ㶼30ϲŻֻһ
ʵϣûʲôʵҲ˵˴ˡƽÿ˵Ķ10ϣ
ʱ˵ǿٳһʱĻķȻ
ϾԵʮڼͬǿؼǣûԤӿãһȻǴܣȫûΣա
ʱ߲֪һ㣬ǲ˽ıΪ֮ͩ£ò˱
ֻλŵ˳սû˺֮ǵλǲŻĵسˡ
˵ˣҲǱͩʵŵˣò˱
ʵʱ·ľʣµļλۡΪʵ̫ҫˣľְ

ȫõġе۴ֻйǣסۡ
λˣҲΪ֮ǰҲˣͩһһɱ߽ۡ
߽۶һһ
ͩͷƣֳӲʮλǿߵĲϹò˵ЩȻ˲ͩͩҪȫÿһĳҲǼ򵥵顣
ɣͩׯۡ
ֻׯ˲ԱһΪߣߵӰ
ׯ۵һ֣Ȼذͩ߸Ӱѷ٣ѱʵ
ͩļҲԡһֻһ
ͩһֲܼնһֻؽ
ͩȻĽ˼֮УⲻͩͲֿܷʩչĽ
ֻؽȺΪʺȺս
ͩȫʩչֻؽΪֻ֮£ʮλ۱ֻ֮УáҲͬˮһţۿҪ侯ˡ
ңңǴˣ
XXѣһѣҳȥֲ̫ˡ
ҵ壬ҵ̫ˣҲ䰡

Ĳҽ޺˷
ʱ򣬴ҶѱҲҾȰ±ͩĽƸˡ
ֻؽ
ֳͩһնһֻؽ
ߡλн۱У԰Ρ
ʱ򣬴Ҳ֪ԭͩóڵȺҲ൱
ΪߵӰׯ˳սȦ֮ߵӰֺ϶Ϊһָֻɫһֲ̬Ĳ԰ס
ǵλʱڣĵķȥھڱ֡
һóѵط
ֻʩչһУȴһׯ۽ɵ
һս֮ׯҲǿðͷˣΪղŵһ˲ʵ̫ΣˣǷӦʱʩչĻ³ٸһϢʱ䣬ͩĽһ̳ôֻһ;ˡ
ʱʧ˽ɣȻžųɵʵȴûóȫʵ
νľ֣ش֮ׯ۾±ֵ̫ҫۣͩע⡣
ֻͩؽԸ߽Ҳò󣬿ǶԸ׺нۣһҪڼɱʵֻؽҪ̵öࡣ

ֻҪʹһ£üΪʹ졣ֻؽһнֻ֮ϣڿ־֮к޶
ӵλţɷ˵ʼسˡ
ֻλȴǵͼ
ƾʿһû׷ΪҲȷǲǵ˵ĹƣԽѡ˰
ɾǰҲֹͣ
ʵϣ൱ƻȻĿ˱ʵڳ˵ĹѾһ壬ֻҪλ׷֮ܿܵУʧһС
˲׷Ȼû̫ôˣͬʱҲÿ˳˱
ƾʹһ֮󣬿ָ̾ӹҲ֮ǿϧôһʱˡתǰǰ졣
ʱһλָӲ
ʮλųۣɵָӵĵһų˵ûϵԶԶصǣȴֲð׷Ǿܹ˳ˣʧҲἫڣҪһ׷

һӰ
ʱ򣬴ҶףҪһܹ֤󲿶˳ˡⲢֵһųĺݣȷġ
ڵǣһ
ľſ϶ʧأȫûսɳ
һʱˣȱͱ¶ˡ
ǻľ֮Уòһ£㵽ĸţĸž͵£֪Ҳһ
ҶԼС̣˭֪£
ðɣ棬ɡһųȻָӣˣҲأֱֻ´á
ս֮ϣ˲Ϣ䡣
ȻҪﵽ棬Ȼ洫˷Ѷʱ䣿
ʱ˲һ̣ǲŽйˡ
װˡҲ硢ִ硣ԣռݾƣҲûռϷ硣
ܿģҲ
λѾ
Ϊʯۺ۵䣬ľ޷ִֻС
ʣµļľųô˻ԶǰߣҳŴӪפӡ

λžƱ仯֮ʱ
λ֮սҲֳͬʤ
ǿߣȷʵЩҰ·ӵҪǿöࡣ
ͩʮλۣռ˾ԵϷ磬Ҫ֪ÿһ˶Ҫλۣ֮һԼͬ׵ǿߡ
ʹˣǵĶҲʮǱ
һսҲЩҰ·ӵĸ߼ʶǿ̺ʵ
ⲻǵܹġ
ؼϣ
ʱ˵ʵ࣬ϵĲ࣬ϵľԲࡣ
һƣͩһλ۷۳֣ʹʮλλûƢ
սƺûжãֻͩؽ֮µۣ˶ʮΪһЩۺнۡ
λ߽ȴǲͩײȡζķʽҲԾ½һΣ±ͩ
ͩͥŲһ㣬λս֮ϣࡣƺ̵ģεġ
ʮɱһˣǧﲻС
ͩһɱһۣ粻С
ͩĽԽԽ죬ֻؽͩϲϾֱۡ
νġһָľǼֻҪһ㹻ˡ
ʮۣ֤ͩĺպѪޣԲ˵ġ

ʣµʮۣҲڴͬʱҲں¡
ڵǷǳ壬֪ǾһͬԿͩӦ÷ֿΧͩһֻͩؽֿͩļ
ʮۣûһվü忴Ǿһ𣬶ͩʰΧ̬
Ȼ̬ʵ൱̣ǿȥڰΧͩʵһŶӰ׵ĸо
ŵλ񣬴ʱѾûжս⣬ڲ˵Ļ·ˡ
ͩһжͬʱҲȥעλսϵϾϢٶȱȶʱ˸ӿ죡
ԣս֮ϣһеı仯ͩĶĿͩ˲ܲȻҲ鱨ĸ˰Ϣݸͩ
ͩѾϤЩλ뷨ͼ
ͩҲʶѹЩ˵վλ
Ͼһʼ֮ʱʮλۣǿޱȵȫΧƣͩΧС
ţǶҲˡͩ̾
ͩһ䣬ͻȻ֮䣬һĽͩ

⣬ʮֹ죬ȥȻû˿ɱٶȿ֮⣬û˿вԡ
ٶϣҲǿ޷ܡ
һͱһ۷ܿһڿմ
ͻȻ֮䣬ըѣΪһޱߵĻ
ԲﶼС
ͩĽǶȣӳһýͩԵе˶ڡ
ͼͩЦϷˡ
ͩͼȻǰط֮ʱ˵á
ͩһָʱ
ֻ𣬱ޱȾ޴󣬺ݺݵѹͼ֮ϡ
һߣԭʮλ۾ݵʮλнۣڿһĻһۡ
ԼͬԼĶ֣Ϊһâռ䣬ʧ١
ʱܵܲܳ˵⣬ֻ֪ٲ˵Ļȵ޴ڳǿɾȫûˡ
ڣôʱȥ͵Ϯ޴ۣиûһ뷨뷨ûС
ʮλۿûͩǰı¡
ʮλнۼΣΪεҡҡͷȻ𾴵ͩ
ͩȻʱǶʵʹЩǰҲò㹻𾴡


556  
ǳְɣЩӴܵĵоͽһ˱ɡͩԸ
ʮλȻ֪ôˣתһռ䣬ʧ
ԶмڷӴܵʱоš
ʱΪΪ֮ڻңʹʣµļܹȻسֻЩŵʧСʿΪ䡣
ǼʶʵǶδãͱۡ
ڴʱֳ֮ʮֻ޴ƣЩӵλѹ¡
ã۳֣λųмʶһӾϳλֲеơ
ڴͬʱʱնסˣûܹʩչ˲ƶ֮ܶ
ô죿
ôǳ֣ǵǿأ
ʱ򣬶ǳֵۣǿ֮⣬ûˡ
ʮ£ռ飬һƬҴǿߣһ֮£ľ䡣
ֻʮλ۷ʻҳܻһƬʱĹͷʩֶ˳ȥ

ܴ鷳ĵоţˡ
ʮλλ֮УƽܵĿռ
ô죿
ô죿Ȼȫ߷ඣһЩ˵ϱȫߣսҲ߳ɣҲ赲ǵĹƣƼǵĽȻõ
ֻ޴ûɣҪ֪ǿǽʮλλ񰡣
֪һΪͼ޴´˵ƾһܹ֮ѹλ۷֮ã
λ۷ۣҲ̫˰ɣ
ҿǴӱ֪ģдġ
ȻǱԣȻǴԡ
٣һα޴ѹĵ࣬в۷ۡ۷ۿ԰Ȼشͼ֮гǿɾඡ
λˣһȻصͷ
ǳʶȻ۷۵ǿǶһŵ˽⡣ܹͩѹλ۷֮ãͿѹʮλλʱ䡣
ôʱ䣬ǿû۷۵Ӱܹųϣˡ

ͼĿռ֮Уͼеλǣ̾͸ܵ˴Σա
ʱ֮Ĺ֮£ͼеλǷ֣ηҲֹ岻ϵġ
̫࣬ͼĿռʵ̫ԣܿģͼеλԷؼеһ
ضԹˣƬռļΪ̣ʱսֻǿдƬռܹӳȥֻ·һѡũ۴˵
һҪӳȥ
Ϊܹʱ򣬴ҶҪŲŵˣӲȥҶ
ڴҶˣ۷жǿѪжôײС˶֮ս
Ϊһֱս÷ǳйأλ񼸺Ԥս
û֮սڵľҲõ˵زҲ˾֮С
֣ϧȼ壬ǿƻҪƬռӳȥ
ϧͼȳ֮ʱƣҲǿͩеܽᣬʱʹ֮£ƬռԵü쳣

ϧûͼ֮УĻҪȴͩ̾
ͩƣҪĥеλҪµʱ䡣
ͼɱʵȲֻؽ
ϾߵĲص㲻ͬ
ʱǾͲһˡ
˵ȫͷųʱ㣬ʹѹʱյͨ
ͩ꣬ȫʱܹԴУ˽ŽͼȵʹʱҪöࡣ
жǿͩԼҲ֪
˵ʵڵģͩҲΪһóȻǿ֮ʱ
ѹ׵ľУҪôãҪþ͵óڡ
֮ͩУغͼ
ʼȫ͹֮õ赲
Ϊ֮ǰһۣȫʱ˵λһشʱ˵Ķս
ⳡսһʵѾ춨ʤĴ֣ʱûĻ䶨ˡ
ս¾Եࡣ
һ϶ԷǿҷͻɳλʵʩǿĴɨƽһ谭

ڶ̶̰֮ڣͻ˶ԷĵߡռĽռʱܽķ֮
з۾һ
ģ򱻷²ūӡūʹߵū
ӻȥһۣûٷ˼ˣǶæʩչܹͨתƶˣתƶ١
Ӧ˵ǶִӼƻתߣ´󲿷񣬴űĲƸ͵̣Ҵҳˡ
Ϊ޴һɱǸʱ򣬲Щûл·Ҳϡ
Ⱥ׷ִӼƻֻûǿߵϣӼƻĳɹȻұ֤
вͶӹ
Ϊ˸ؽս˸ӹʮʹӾƹģԹռٶȸѸ١
գ֮䣬һȥˣĽӵд½ʮǧ˰֮ڣϵ
ǺǸʤ
˵һսȻ˲СĴۣǽȴǳϲˡ
սûȫβûʰռ֮ڻǵĵֿλӴڡ
ֻЩ֣սʮλλ񣬱Ⱥ˰ˣ֧Ԯս

ռ֮Уᡣ
ܽսĳɹ;顣
һ֮ܽ󣬶ۿͩ˵սܹʤô죬޵׹
ͩЦЦ˵֮£ҳݡ
ޣ̫ǫˣ˵һսеλ񳬹ʮλ֮࣬ǲ֪Ϣ֮ȫ涼Ϊɱһ㣬еλҲ˰ɣüһһ˾һ۴Ц˵
ɲǲ֪ǰҪսĹͼɣǿ߸һҲûߡ۹ֽ˵
ҵԵʰҿΪ忴ƼأԲ˱İɣͩҡͷϵ
Σڵʢǣ϶ɾ޴ѹҷаһԨ̾
ߣһҪ˱ô׵£ʹ˾ˣҲ̫ˣһζҪݺݵظһγصĽѵ۰й˵
˿̻ڷ磿ʱܹۿͩʵ

ͩһ£شѹʱ˵ļʮλۣʵߵͲȣûȫҪңܳ׽
ż㴦β֮󣬾ǰ߾ս֧ԮҪ˱ʱݺݵشһη۳
һ巸ߣʮǿҡ
Ϊλλ
ȻҲֲ˺ãΪǽǷطռݷƣλ
ʹˣҲÿˡ
һֱͱࡣ
֮£ϣȻǿơ
ͩ˶۵Ļ˵ͷãˣһᾡġ
⣬置ȻǴˣǽ񿪷⣬Ҫ찲ţ¾ͽšۿۣѯʵ
֮һսǿоѧʿһֱеĹԼоط֮顣
ң۵ͳ൱ǿһֱ۹Ⱥ񣬷ǳæ

ɢ֮ͩջʶ¹עͼ湶Ӳдİλ
λۣĸۣ֧ŵʱ䳤һЩĸƼԲǿػڡ
ȻҪսپͩһᡣ
ͩͼĿռ֮𣺡ӦܹĻһĻᣬֻҪԸϱΪͿԷһ֮ǰЩ˾ǵİһ£
ͼ֮ڵİλҴˣԼͬϸ˼
ѾˣΪ֮ǰǽʮλͬþֶΣҲ޷ƿռӳȥ˵ˣڵѾھϣеѾ˾֮£ʵʮһ״̬
ֻܾһһ
ͩ˵ΪȻҪͩū
һͩūȻԱסǴӴԺҲɼɿԣ
һλ߸ϵλԣΪ˵ūһ顣
ͺһ߸ϵĻʵۣͻȻ֮䣬Ϊ˽ֱߵؤֵλ࣬ûܹܡ

ֻҪԸһ·ԸһΪ𣿡λĽ֮е껨ۿʵ
˵أһʱ俼ǣԸ⣬Ǿȥˣͩһ˵
ŵİλۣ㿴ңҿ㣬˺һӡ
Ĭ֮ũ̾λѣǻѡ񣿡
ˣû̻ش
ʵѡ⣬ִֻ𰸿ɹѡ
Ҫôѡ񳼷ͩͩΪӴԺȫͩɿԣĲͬǸʱԼѾԼˡ
ҪôѡͩѡĽҲǳȷǾ·һ
һ·һһ
ѡ
ڳе۶ʡ
ҾڳĬ֮Уʱعȥˣգ֮䣬һʱܿҪȥˡ
λǸľȥеĵزˣôһжΪӰǸ𣿷۾ģũ״غ
ũӣѵҪѪ޵߹ūȥˣۣũĴߺסַҵȽҵĪˣȴҪΪֱ޳֮ȣ۷ŭ


557  
ͩһͼ󲿷йϣҼʱܣͬӴѹ֮ڽϡ
˫ѹ֮£۲ã˵ûˡ
ǹͷڽͩһֻͷ񣬲˭
ָµļһ͵úݺݵشѹԹߣ
˫ѹ֮£ٶȴ̶һʱľ
ôһͼռ֮еλǶŵ
ôѾģλһĿʱ䣬λɷ񽫴𰸸ۣ֮ͩʵģ۴мǿˡ
仰ȴͼ֮еһλ֮аУȷʵǿֻɱֶѡ
ڵľƺԣҪôӦҪô䡣
ĽʣµλۣӦͩſͩ걾Դ׳Ϊͩū͡
ͩλۣȻλ۶ѾˣֻҪһʱ䣬ָܹ
ĻϽ̫ۣͩѾ˰λΪԼūͣλ߽ۣλĽۣͩһ˵Ϳһż

ֻͩȨƲԣƿǿҲû뷨
ͩλʱ֮Уˡ
Ȼ뿪˷磬ص磬߾ս
޲ڲ˿Ѿʼ˱ˡ
ԭǷⳡսĿģΪǣľʵȻɹǣĴ󲿷־ʵϧ֮ս̫ˣѾɱʱ˴ܿ䣬ʱˣ˿Ѿûٿĵʵˡ
ǣ޲öһˣﻹ
ʱķ˶硣
ķˣֿǧ꣬ʮλǿ߲ս
һεʱֻǵֿǧ궼ʲô
ܹηսζɹŵʮǧ˰½֮ࡣôӴĽľܹݵؽǸȥҲӲ֤ĵ֮ǿˡ
ĵ̣ԲԪľżܹġ

ڲİλ۷ͨ磬һ𿪻ᡣ
λ֮ѾȷٴȥҲûбҪˡѪʨۿ˵ԴԴ֮ͽ峤֮λʼȺͬ۵ĵλһ㡣
巽ۣࡢ롢Ԩж۵εԵλãС
Ȼ˵۷֮ĵλƽȵģȺ¶üλ۷۹ͬ־ǣλ֮У۵Ȩλȴصġ
λֻȴȫ֡
巽ʵǿĿ¾Ƕˡ
ۣǳս֧ԮԳսһΣյû㹻ʵҲ̵úô
Ȼۣڵλԣĺ󷽴Ӫ½ֻλʮҪᶯ
ԣһս˼ңԸǳսϵۣҲԸ۲սȻ۾սһЩ

һλԴֻۣѪʨ۶ˡ
˰ɣλ۷Ҳֻг̾һ
²ΪֻȥϾȥҲû˿ԡ
Ȼжԣ˴֮䣬еĹϵ
òͳһòݡ
Ϊ֣ͬҲΪֶԵС
һԪʼŬѹĳɳһ㣬ʼСĽԿó
λԪ֮λ
һһԪһλϵļԪ֮ôӴԺ֮ʵҪתˡ
ʱ򣬾Ͳѹ࣬෴ѹˡ
һ󣬲ǿɶ񣡡ӥ۷߿
ĽҲж겻ˣҪҲѰ
رԴ䣬һλ޴֮
ҲڷţԵľǷ˵ķѹĽ
ǰһ˵ΪʵķܹġǺһȴΪҪˡ

Ϊһ裬ɳλ۷۴ѹĻô۷۱Ȼᱻȫǣƣ޷ַս
û۷۵Ĳս£˵ʵͲҪλǿߵܹܷˣ
Ȼʮλλ񣬿һ֮սУ̫࣬ôԪȻˣ˽ҪָҲ֪Ƕ֮ˣŽȻòʧ
ԣһս֮󣬿ºܳʱ֮ڶŽˡֻҪȴȺʿɳ۷۵ܹԽʱŻƵطս
ͺһ
Ҳǵȵ֮ͩ󣬲ŷⳡõս
ڴ֮ǰʵƽ˫Ĭرԭн
ͩƾֹؼڡ
˭ܹõܹͩڶ̶̼ʮ֮ڳɾ۷ۣ
ôĳɳٶȣҪɱͩҲûǸʱȥ׼
ˡ
󳬼֮ıƴţԲǶ̶ʱܹ֮ʤġҪһԪʱȥ
м䣬ĳһԵƣԾһжʤֻмֵ˫֮У˭ܹһӵгѼԪĴ֣ܳʤ

Ҫ˱ˡֻ˱ɲ˾ܹ˵˵ģϾֲġ
ԣҲҪ׼һ
ͩڴʱܵǰս
˵صıۡۺԨۡ
˾һ𣬿һ顣
٣Сӣˡ˵½ɱķһ˶ʮλǿߣԶۿЦȡЦ
η׳٣ҵȵҲҲԨ֮̾е֮ɫڡ
ţšû˵ֻǺЦͷӦмֵ֮ɫ
Ͼͩô˵Ҳǳһǵմݹʣζʦͷϡ
һҲΪ۷۴֮Уһкʿﵽ۷۵һȻҫޱȣڸȺ
ˣ˵°ɡ֮սڿ˱ˣǿɲܷŹûᡣת˻⣬ɫ
ţһǷǵô۲УҲ̫ˡۿ϶صͷ
ԣһҪʹԪõġһΣϼһﵲλ۷ۣޣɱ¾Щ߽ۡһ㣬ʹһ㡣Ԩ۵ͷӦ

ķͼƻˣ׼ȥˡ
ڴʱһλǿԮۣλ½겻ĴۣʱҲȻǰս
ĵֻмλ۷۲֪ͩһڰС
ֻ˵أȴֵģ䵱Ԥӵġ
ĽսƵ˫֮䶼ĬǾǲ̫
һ̫ıȺսĻʧɾͱֹģսҪöࡣ˫ܲʧ
ͺñȣһΣȻǲռģɫͩսĶѹ
ĻǾ̫ˡֲߵǲȡġ
ˣҲΪԤܴԤӡ
ûԤսսôȻ֡ҲԤս֣ôҲ˳ƶ֡
˼գͻȻɳλ۷Ϊ׵ļʮλλķء

һ۴սǰࡣ

۴սչͬʱžȻؿʼѸٺ󳷣ֻɵıΪ֮á
ļŷӦҲ൱Ѹ٣ʼ͹ء
۶˱ۣѪʨ۶Ԩۣӥ۶ۡ
˫ƾУи߽ҲͬԴһš
Ҫô׵ؾͳˣô׵顣ĵ̣ɲ߾ߵĵط۳˵
ߣϻ˵ͱ˵һ˵
Ȼ֪ˡЦ
ͩ˽һͻȻսһ֮£նɱһλ߽ۡ
ɶ޴ۣȻڴˣѪʨۡӥ۵ȼλ۷۷ŭؽе
ͬʱҲڵѪôһλ߽ۣ˭Ҳʹġ
Ǻǣɲĳ𣿡ͩЦһλ߽ۣҪնɱ
ͻȻ֮䣬һµͩϮ
ֲ֮ͩ£Ӳ˶Էһƶʱ˰С

ͩа⶯֮˼ΪӦҲһλ۷۲ǡ
Ȼֳһͷ
ͩа̾Ȼ廹к֣ȻĦ޴½ľͷҲˡ
޴ۣݵΪͷ۶ͩ˵ȻҲ֪ҪƾԼʵնɱͩشͩǲܵģҲƤ֮˸
ͷ۵Ĵܼ򵥣ǾǶסֶͩԸ۷µλ
ͻȻ֮䣬һϤӰͻأسս֮ϣøͩ;ͷӵĿռ䡣
룿ôҲô᣿ͷ۾ȵؽе
ѣôҾôġЦеؿžͷۿ˵
λ۷۶һĻżҲĪκΣ˵ףʵã޷ɳһλ۷ս֮ˡ
ͽˡͩ˵꣬һλ߽ۣһǼ̳
˽һ֮£ͩ˲ʧ
ͷҪȴʩչͨסˡ
Ķңۿžͷۣ侲ؿ˵


558  ս
֮󣬲ɱֻüͿɱ۷µλ
Ǹ߽Ҳ⣬ɱ¾
һ㣬λ۷֮Уͩ⣬˶ͩɱЧʡ
Ͼ߽ǴŶɱҪɱҲҪѵֽŲС
Ȼ߽۷ǰҲϣɱˣҪѵ㹦ѡ
ЧϣԶԶͩ
֮֮ͩ׿֮Ϊɱ񡣳մȾ̫֮⣬ɱ˵Чϡ
һλĸ߽ۣӦʱ䶼ûУͱͩһɱ
ͩĮسֶһλ߽ۻӽ

âʤ
ڶλ߽䵱
λ߽䣬м䲻̶̵ʮϢʱѡ
λ۷ۣҪѶֵľȥֹͩɱ¾
޴ۣң
޴ۣһߣ
ޣ˷
Сӣ
λ۷۷ŭ쳣ǵĶҲʡ͵ĵƣȴȥֹͩΪ

٣λǲɵˣսǱԵ̨ս֮ϣλѵ𣿡Цһʵ
ⳡսģôս֮ϣֻ׼㶯֣Ͳ׼ǻ𣿡Ԩ۸͵
ƨ˭һأһ
ٷϻֵ¼£ѵö˵յùԲȴ
ͩЦôҰ㲻ɱƫƫҪɱ
ͩһ£һȫµĽóɱ
ʮâΪһ使գ֮䣬𣬻л
޵һĻȴǰʮλ߽ۣüн廯ΪɻҶ䡣
˻ڳ۵ңһĻԵһ
ۿǿߣͺһ㱻¾ֱԽܣ
ˣ
ˣϽˣ
ۺѪʨۼͬʱҳͩ࿴һۣҶ˵ػ
ͩһնɱʮλ߽ۣɵս֮ϵĸ߽ɱһա
Ҳ˵˿Ȼмʮλڳн׼ۡ޴۵Ķ֡
Ҫͩɱ䣬ɱȥĻôʵ䵽͹ȣױѹơ

ͷۺӥһ˫޵˫ۣŭͩ޲ð̻ͩˡ
ôңнҲɱŲţͩע⵽Ŀ⣬һۣв
ʵϣͩ˹أֻԸ߽֣ûжɱнִۡ磬ͩ൱
ʵʱԶǣ츫ѾˣͩҪս֮ϣɱ䣬ͼɱен۵ĻôȻӭǿҵķ
ͩȴʮִһΪռһ֡
ҪС֣֮ȻǿʳϾһ˴ڣʵ֮䣬Ͳòôһ֡
ֻҪôһΪٻҲܹͬڡ
һû˵컨׹ֵùҫҲͬ޷ڡ
޷ڣȻԲ˳޷ƾ֮ƶΪ
󳬼
Ȼ֮ĶţǶʱֳܹʤµġ
ңһ
νƶΪǾΪΪ

ȺǰٰԵ£ҲҸɲС
ͺϵĳ羯죬Ҫĳ˵ʱҲôֲ֮ɡɶôǣǿôһɣɾ˳
֮ĵλƽȵġ˼ǿҸɣ˵ͬǿĹ֮ˡ
з츫ͬ֡
ԣֻΪ˼ɡ
ͩնɱʮλ߽ۣ۵ü޷
Ϊһλ۷ۣµ۷۵ֲʧʵ۷ǴӸ߽֮вģͩһɵʿпܿ𣬷ֻһһӡǰٿٶҲޡ
ͩһӾնɱʮλۣռ߽۵֮һʹָĿԽ֮һ
˵Щĸ߽֮УͿܳһλ۷ۡ൱ǰɱһλ۷ۡ
ʧܲ裿
ƫƫս֮ϣⳡսģд˿Ҳֻϵùȥ
Ϊû˵ȥ

һǿҪչҪ
Էڣ޷ڣֺԾۼһС
Ȼǿ󣬵ȺǰҲ׺һڡ
֮ͬǰܵģ嫣ȳҪǿǲڵġ
ǿҲȲǿ
ԣҲۼһࡣ
һ֮Ÿ
ҲһСܿʹ
ΪԴӰ
ˣ˵ü졣Ȼͱ¶λµš
ΪЩŵĳٶȿɾͱȲλĳٶˡ
ûλڻЩֱӱ¶λǰǵ³֪ˡ
λ֣Ĩɱľֻٲ־Ӣ˳ȥ
һǧ߾սܣʧض
һսٸ֮ڣˡ
ΪҲȷʵԪˣҪһʱͻָ
ǣ⻼޵ڵõ˴Ƭ½֮ҲӭһοǰĴ󿪷ʹչҲͬûо¡

ս֮󣬸ǿ߸ʩְиȥæ
ۻǳսˡ
ۻһŻˡ
ۻ½
ԨۻطԴǣ򷲽硣
ͩصǣ£ż檣ң
ս֮󣬸з͡
ڼλ۶ԣЩ㲻ʲô
ģȺѾˡ
ǲսλλţõ˷ս˷ޱȡ
ʱڣսԶһؽƻʣȨ۷壬һҼ壬Ȼ󱲣ʵǸߵĵλ
ʱգ֮͹ȥꡣ
֮䣬ûκγͻСͻûС
ǰսҲ֮еһ
һսֻ֮ʮλѡ
֮ͩУϵλжʮλ֮ˣ
ôӴλʵ
ͩһսҲĶս֮˽Ÿλǰǲò
ͩ߳ȥˣΪжߣλҲʺá

ͩĵ۹ҼעĿģĪžʹ齡
㹻ʮ˯ˡ
ͩҹҹ裬ͬߣң
ֻǣΪԽߣԽôֱͩϵöûС
Ϊ׵ϼѾ൱Ӵˡ
ϼ˾֮࣡
ҪЩѪͩܵ
ͩЩûôһֱڵȺ֮еķ
һ˰ܹͩһǿΪãʱĿֲϮƻҲʵʩˡ
ͩڵλãȻˣҪǲܵġȲɡֻ˵ڣҲѹˣһĵΣͩȻ֪һ
˵ͩ˽⵽Ļ
ڵʵڶԿһλϵļԪ֮
ȻֻڶѡԪ֮ѼԪǿʵѾⷽ档
ԣһԪּԪ֮Ȼں⡣
ܷӵʵҲ޵ġ

һޣͻ棬ή췣֮
ûλԪ֮ɵð췣
ԣԪ֮ڹȻ£޷ġԪ֮ûа취޷죬ȻرȺ档
еԿԪ֮ûУ
ԣͩ
ֲϮӲϻ䷢չٶȣҲһֱֶΡ
ȻͩڵĵλѼڰ䵱ը
ǣĻǲŽǣ
ⲻǹȻߣƵƴ
ͩôԻ۷۵Ĺͬӡ
۷ۣҲΪΪ
ھԵȨһֱʵʩĶƵƶȡȨУԡ
۾Ȩеˣ൱峤֮λλȨءҪǶţ涼
ǾˣΪҲͬܵ۷۵ļලκΥľ߶ͨ۷ͷı
ͩλߣȨȴǼλ۷֮ġȥʵʩֲϮ
ԣͩÿǷ

ͩżʱеǡ
Ͼǰ벽ɣӣ˥޽١
ңҲҪʱȥ
ڵҪ鲻Ƿϣںɱͼһǧļޡ
ȻͩŻῪʼ벽ĵڶԲ
ʵڵʮλ۷ۣλһ۷֮⣬Ǵ򷨹۷壬Բľ硣
Ҳ˵Ƕ̤ڶ۷ۡ
ԲһʵһЩ
ǺҪԲһ
ȻеȻܴ
ͬĵԲ֮ȻҪȺǿöࡣ
Բ֮󣬴˿̵ǾҪ֮ɺת졣һٽһ
ͩľ˵ԲһԻ۵һ̶֤֮ݷˮ֮
Ȼݷ֣һʧܣϡΪ޴׹а԰ΣȻںϵؿ֮ϡ


559  
֮в֪жλ۷ۣ϶̫࣬Բᳬλ˺ΰ棬۷λûУ֤ݷʸԪ֮۷ۣԲᳬλ
Ⲣ˵֤ݷ۷۲λʵϣﵽ۷вٵġ
ֻЩ۴༯ھŴ󳬼һɫȫǵһ۷ۣǶǴתģʧȥ˸һĿܡ
ͩķ⣬һЩϵָڵ۹֮Уоںɱͼ
˵ʵڵģʵ̫ˡΪͩòؾͨߵбʼǡ
Ϊĵ֮һˡ
߼ͩϵ⣬ͺֻԼɵɵؿרУ쳵
ͩȴԪλͨߵбʼǡ
ȻЩбʼǲܼص̫ϸһ
ͩϾ˼ѣȷ棬ȲϼԪĴͨǡ

ЩбʼǣһĲƸ
ܹչѸ٣Щбʼǹû
лһЩָ
ÿͩƿ֮ʱкͽ
˵ڣ
˼ʮ꣬ЩջͩҲҵһС
ǣͩ̾ͻص˵۹չС
ɱͼȫǷţ༰طΨһĹͬڣǶӦʱմط
ǰ߹ɱ¾֮ѹΧ֮
ȻͼҲɱֻǰҪ͵öࡣ
ɱɱ۷µκǿߣɱҲһΪϹɱޱȡ
ͼɱҪĥһλн۶Ϊʱ䡣
ҪںһȻҪѵ˼
ͩ뵽ķʵܼ򵥣Ǿǽͼ֮䣬󷨵ʽĺ϶Ϊһ
ģ˵˵µһɱɽ󣬾Ľͼöɡ
Ȼɽط˾󷨡
ĽɱͼͬǷߺΪһױؼ汸ܲ󷨣µһɱ־׵ƣֱۡ

ͩҪҲѡΪˣԻѡɽͼΪԼı
ɽ֣ͩһ˵һ
ĸ
µһɱ󷨵Ĵ˵Ҳۣ˵ɱͼں⡣
ǽͼʽȴһҪȫںϣҸı˴˵ط̬
ͩʼѰطںϵϵ㡣
ʱһΣȥˣͩˡ
ͩطںϵĽչеģֻ൱ͩ൱ˣΪнչ֤ͩ˼·ȷġ
ֻҪ˼·ȷˣʣµ޷ǻѵʱѡ
ﵽ۷۵ľ֮еʱһ㶼ǼΪλ
ͩɵһ֮󣬶;ͬ顣
ɲ˥ʱ򣬷·һȺ˵Ĺޣ׷ܣܵˣͻᱻ޳ԵͷǱȻͬն
֮ͩڳأΪķˡ
һ̾ͩ
ҪǷĵ۹֮С󶼱ͩĵ۹ˣ⶯硣
һͻⷽԴͨ

ڴͬʱ˷ͨʿǼյ飬ᱻС
ɷƿߣݸԶ
Եߣֻҵλ
Ըߣɵҵλ
۵İǧλΪ콫ۡӦλλλԼ۷ۡ
ޣֻλֻܷʮλÿһλͳϽһǧ콫
ͩЩ֮У콫Ĺ˳ȥ֪жɢ
ͩ˷ȴԼӡǣ˴˰
ӴԺ󣬴˰͹ͩСͩҲʽΪ˷ƿߡ
˷ܹͩȻ֮ƿذǧ֮ڵ콫ôӴԱȵһһĴ
Ͼͩ˾۷ۡ
ͩƿص֮īҲˡ
ȻλΪʵ
콫һǵλͬҪҲͬԽλ
λã˼ӳʵ֮⣬һλͳ⡣˵ףϵİǧλΪ콫ʵһ֧

ͩó֮ķϸز鿴һ£Ҫ˵ǾԹĿˣڶٵģȺɢޣ񹦷λûһڣҲаʮڣ
ֻͩҪѡڶ˾ˡ
λҪٵöֻ࣬вǧλʵ̫ˡҲӲ֤ˣ֮УλţëʵڲֵһᡣǴײ㣬ȻûԪƣͬģҲŬ
ǵλ񼶱𣬾Ҫٵöˡ
⵹˵һλ֮вųǧλ̫ˡ
˵ġ
ֻ˷ŻλڰС
еλ񣬾ԼԼ·Ķʿǲ޹ġ
λ񣬶Ϊ˷λ
Ҫλ񣬷Ϸжʮλ֮࣡
⵹ͩǳ⣬Ȼֱλа˰ٶಿ֮ǣͩҲ벻Ȼôλϰ
ʮλλҪӷλ֮ƾλ֮Ǹ߽ۣڷ֮ڣֻз񲻻٣ǾͿ޸

Զ֮ʱڣͥƾ棬帩ס
ΪʲôΪͥǲĴڣǴǲŽкηܵС
һ룬һȺη˭Һƴ
ν߹οһȺĹˡ
λκ˶ϧΪˣҲҲܸˡ
ͩӽλ֮Уѡ˰λȻ֮ͨʼʽ
λҵλͩһѡС
ͩҲ֮ͨڱ֮Ķߡ
ڴͬʱܷ֮ҲоĲͬҵλӳ֣ʵ
˷á
Щܷ֮Ȼ鲻һиˡоȡв⡢к¡аաзߺ޵ȵȡ
ʱֲò
ңܵıӣǴӴԺǲĴڡ
λ콫ҵλͩһϵλ񶼷Ϊ콫ҵλ
ܷ֮ͬôҲ޷ıʵ
ֵĲ߷ˡ

ʷϵĵһλۣ
һ漣
һ˿õͨɢޣ̶̰֮䣬λľ硣Ϊĵһλλ
ؽ弶߼
˶ΪӢۣĵۺűʾ硣
۷ǳڵһУ޳ѼԪĿܣҲһڣΪ֪֮ƾԼǲܳѼԪġ
Ϊڴ֮ǰһͻƲ˵Ŀɢޣûпɽ츳һ㡢ΪҲߡȺ֮Уһ߱ǿϰٱ˶಻ʤ
һеı仯ҪõϹ֮һжˡ
Ϲǿ󣬹Ȼͬһ㣬ſռ佻׾˻ԴЩϹһֱ۷塣
ʱڿ̳׵ĶȺһѡĶţȺλ;Ӣǡ
һ֮ʱȻ֮䣬ͻȻһ޴ļ̳
ڴͬʱͻȻһλҵλ
̳СȻڡ۵Ʊʮ
Ȼʵ

·һͬʿһĻоȣŸ˵ش󺰵ף۱£嫣ʸ߷塣
۵ɫΣƽϢ˵콲˽ȥɣҪչһʱ䡣
ǣҵȸˡ׵һʿԾ˳ȥ
ܿ죬۵ĵ۹֮Уһ£װ۹ĴҲعر
ǣ˷ܵشţ̫ǿˣƾҾͳܲˣһҪŬ
һҪΪĿ꣬;
ǶȺţͻ˵ѣǵĿӦøԶ
һţ緢־ԶŶ⡣
ǲ֪ǣʱ۹֮Уüظ̾ϣȻûѵ͡ԭϹĳ֣ĳλµһ֡٣ȻλΪӣλдֶأ
ԭΪԼλ񣬳ΪȺ֮ΨһλҫޱȣһΪ֮ϵϵĵλ١
û뵽ֻһˣԭǸǿߵӶѡ

ڴͬʱʮλλܷΪҵλ
ͨϵÿһλֱ콫
һ̣ͺΪһ
Թһܷͥڻ
Щλ񣬴󲿷ݵĳôһͬ㣬ȫɢ޳ûһ塣
Ŵ󳬼֮УһλûС
λλҪöࡣ
ͩϸһ£ڵ۹֮УпһرңרŴŷ
ʱ˵̲ͩȡж
ԣͩЩܵ뷷ǣһӦ˼ʱ䡣
ʵϣΪϵĻ֮ЩܷΪλǣͻȻ֮䷢ԼȻˣҲ֮ƿһǿʵ
ÿһλ¶һٶλǧλ
λȨأܵԼµ¡
ϵȨ۵ĿλЩλǣܿӦݡһڷ֮ͥУ˳һ֯
ڼ˼֮£˷ϵ֮⣬ȷһϵе˹
Ȼģλ쳣ڻûĻ󲼾ߡ
˷֮ʱ֮⣬ǼȷĻ󲼾ߵݺͼжһʣλ˾Ҫʲôأ


560  ѹϣ
ǿԿ϶ǣλ˶ȻһλͨߣҲ֣֮ܲǶУǴܹ֮ͨǰͲ´˾أ
ʱһΣʮȥˡ
Ϊһα߾սʧܣʧأʵǽʵ
ȻȻأǰսԽתΪսԷ̬ơ
ʼѹķչ
ˣг֯˳侮ʯ
Щӷǳѹ
ϾǳȺ֮Уλ۷򣬻츫ѹ̡
ѹҲֻԶԵġ
ʵϣķչǰҲࡣ
һεĴս֮ռˣսҲֻѹķչȥŭ
֮Ĺϵ൱ӡһʱֻҪܷλ䣬Ȼǳ
֪֯һ㣬ͬΪ᲻֪ԣѹķչҲͨ˵ķʽִеģس嵽ǰ̨ȥ

ʮӹһʽ΢£µĸӹɾ͵ùˡ
ΪЩͳΪ˳תƵĶ
˵⼸ʮ֮ͬϰٸЩǰðϵĴڣǰıӻڲڳ֣ȻЩĩˡ
Щ˵ϲ衣
ЩȻʲôһߵĵ
һ˵µĸӹܶ࣬ΪϵȻѺ״̬ЩҲ׵ȥʿǣҲ̫ݡٱϣҪһɡ
Ե޹ʣЩȥ
Ȼÿ֪
Щкܶ඼ΪҪֺӻģȻıӻ
ڣЩʽ΢֮ڵõ˱Ӧ
һҲǣǳ̲ϺϷôҪλЩϺ᲻
Ľ

ʮȥˣ֯Ҳչ׳ֻ֯һ֯⡣
ԣ֮˶֪侹Ȼôһһ
֯ģһ۵ǿߣʹǱ治ǳ
һҪչɱҪţȻͻС
֯Щչǳ˳
չٶȿ;ݡ
ͩЩûйע£ǷҲûôעΪͩںͼɱ
ôĿ޺飬ȡ˳ɹ
ں֮ط֮ͩΪٽͼ
˷ɣͩĵоһʮ֮࣡
ͩԤⲢǼޣŶٽͼĸԽҲԽԽ
һֱﵽǧеļޡ
˵ףͩڵģǱŬԼľ磬벽޵ĵһڶ
ػͩǷֵ൱ġ
ʵϣΪﵽͩڵľ磬̬Ѿǰͬˡ
ңҪ൱ѡ
һͳ֮ķԪҲûзֳʤͿɼһˡ

ͩٽͼԴ֮һα¡ǣ˹ء
ʼĥ
ڴͬʱͩصعעһ·
ʮȥˣλ˶һ֤λλӵлҵλʸ
ͩȻֵַλλһǧλҲܷͬ콫
ķϣѾʮλλ
ͩѾչһЩƻˡ
޷ѹ
֮ͩͥУĵһѹ
һ䲼̾ͱλ֪
֮ͥС
۵һһ֡
λǱִУˣλҵִ
򵥣޷ǿȡַ
ƾǵʵǿȡ⣬˫¡
ϣҪв֣վϣƽ޹£״ŭеĳ
򵥣һԵǿ丽ӹͻȻͻ𼸸ǿĸӹһͷĻǾͿ˳µضԸˡ
Ҫ֪֮ǰ֣ӹƨûзһ

٣Ҳ֪Ϊ˵һ޴սսʤΪӹս
ˣҲĸӹ٣ΪٿսŲҰûжãԪûлָɵҲôֿս
ǾͲһˣǿɲǳȻɵһؼɵǡ
٣һεɲ򵥰һһΣա
ΣǵɷӻҲ
׼һ°ɣټ콫ûȺ۵죬֮ЩȺ۵𡣡
ãԣλͷͬ
̾鲻ǾǲĴڡλڣǾǿȸ߽۵ǿߡ
ͩһֱĬĬ۲ЩᣬȻ֮뵽콫ȻˣЩװԳġ
Ȼβ룬ս˵жǿ
ǰǧװͩһ˿ɸ𰡡
ڣͩ÷Ȩ
Щ콫ȨеλС
ЩȻ뾡취װԼ¾ӡ

ʵ֮ͩ񣬺Զͥķͬ
Զͥķҵλֻ֮һҪÿһҵλһ鱦ɱ
ǲŽ
ͩķֻɼҴĵֻܹһĻᡣ
ԣû鱦ɱһ
ܹ鱦ɱķѶҲͩһССİ벽ܹƵóġ
ּķԪ֮Ʋ
ͩĴ֮УҲûַƼ
˵Զͥķķôͩеķ񲻹һ򻯰汾Ǹʱʵϲ˶̨档
ʱһı
֯ڶ´֮󣬾ȫת
һ棬ټǧ콫ܼѵ֮һ棬۵ʼﻮ֡
֮ͻȻΪ档
Ҫ֮Ȼٲ㹻Ϊն
ɺϵ帽ӹ֮һýӽΧ֮ڵĳļ֮У·һƷ񾧿
һֱ֮ܿУǸļҲڹ

Ʒ񾧿ɲˣǳҲĶ˵ͬΪ߼ˡһϵвֺͲ֪ܣǳϵسļ
һ߼һƵ߼һҲıƺû˵г
һ㣬޿֡
ǣսˡ
ս֮󣬵һʱϣظͿ޹뱾ĸӹֱΧ
Ҫ֪֮УÿһϸĿƷΧһǲ۸Сġ
Ȼ涨СȻҷƶȻصƨ
ҲΪŽʮ߼壬ͬҲḲļʮӹˡ
ͬģĿظ棬ҲͬԵò԰Ϊⳡ˾Ȼûһ
ĿѾﵽˣΪûиȴѾվϡ
ңܿԻɣ
ڻ̶ֳȣǾͲ˼ƾʵˡ

߼ս֮УһСˡϾ߼Ѿڸ߼ķˡ
ͩĲ֮£Ӱ˵ýƵϸսԵɣӲĨ
ʵϣʵķսģվס塣
Ȼֲûгã֮иֲȡ
߼սȻǿճ־á
һܹġ
ŴţʵСȻʹ·磬ΪսʤߣʼѺ
һ֮һ֯ս
һ߼֮£Ȼѹסƣʼռˡ
ϵǴĲ֣⻻˵ĸԤ
ЦһߣԱˣ˴򲻹ˣ˼Ԯ
ò˵֧֣ޱȡ
ðɣǰɣҲѣҲѲս
һ֮ͬڵõҲˡ
˫սģͲս

˫ѣսģԽԽ
չ󣬳Ϊ˫һʮڶԿ
ѽѷ֣˫
رǶһ˵ΪִӦսȻ׼㣬ټϲսȻԡ
˫һսһꡣ
˫Щƣĸо
սֲʤֻó˶ս
һʮλǿսһš
һǿߣҵλļӳ֮£˿ȸ߽۵ĿֲսȻƾźηƴսһٻɱԷλۣȻоλӮ˶սʤȻĨɱ˵зĳӡ
ʤ׷ĹУ۵˱Ŀ
һۿ˵ʹߣص˵ͣ˫ԹλҰս
Ц粻ƫƫǴӮˣͣƫܵġߵؽе
ȻԼƫܵģϾЩµĸӹò֣Щʧ󣬷Ӱʵ


561  ѹ£
ȻԼƫܵģϾЩµĸӹò֣Щʧ󣬷Ӱʵ
һУԲ޴˵
Ķ˫֮£ֻΪƽΪ˲ʹ˫Ϳ̿۲ų͡۴ȵ
˵ñȺȵúܺãӣҲܲɽģˮǺڣѹŷŭɤлλǵѣҲǺڣ粻
գգ۾ȻŭȴûзЦеصʶˣ
ȼԷ˱ȥô꣬ķɶҲûš
ȼԷޱȣʧذ
ȷҲͬûкõȥ
ֻ֧֯ԮʧܿͿԲ
ûôˣǾԲᲹǵġ˵ףжֲµš

һսԹȻ˳رˡ
ʱһΣȥˡ
ѵӪѡ࣬Ҳÿһѡаǧţֻÿʮѡһ졣
ΪƽԪҪöࡣ
ŵƽ츳ҲȷʵҪǿ塣
ɵģûа취
֧ڶ࣬ÿһ֧֮൱졣
ֻЩȴڶ࣬ൽ̶ֳȣൽִ߳ɣ
Ȼ˵ڳɳ֮У߲١
һǧţɲ߿ܲһǧֻһѣ֮УԲֻһš
ûʮҲʮ
Ϊ˲䣬˽άġ
ֻ࣡
ΪԪʮ
Ŷʮϡ
Բ
ͩؾ֮иǵĴһȾʵ΢ˡ
˴ģ䣬Բ
߲˲Ȼŭȫϲ¡
Դ֮ڵʿܵϸ顣һɨмϸع˳

ʲô鲻ôܣѪʨŭĿԲ㱨˫Լأӥȵ
ǵģ鱨ʮλԳʱջ֮鲻֮˵κκۼʵ̫ɾˡ˫ҡͷش
أӥҲŻ㱨ҲһжҲһЩ½һжǳػ֯ڣûκ춯ųΪ
ͬģҲϸ̲󡣡˫۲
ѪʨˣüͷʵҲ˵Ϊඣ
ǵģˡ
鱨൱ӣĵǣԲۼ鲻
ų֮ãˡ
ǲΪķɵأҲ̫ɾһɣܹɱ˶ʱպۼģֻλرʩܰ쵽ڶ̶ʱɱ߳ɵžӢܹһȻʮλѪʨɻط

ɱ˲ӰʱոͨǳһλʩɱʮžӢԣʩ̫١
ļƻһۼҲû£ǺηΪ
һ֮еǲôϽִġ
ֻͬһſϽִ
ʮλλϵǿ֮⣬Ϊѵʵڲࡣ
ЩˣҲų⡣
ǺηΪѪʨ̾ǲи֣бžӢһҪǺηΪ
ǣȸˡ˫ۺأӥ˳ȥ
Ѫʨ˳ȥ֮󣬷ŭһ˵벻ԴϢմȥã̾ʼ˷ˣ˰
ԴϢȻ߲ضʱƣûв͸ǽϢǲɱش˳ȥ
Ȼ߲ûκεĻӦ
ҲɵӣֻҪϸһ֤ͿԵõһЩˡ
һλ۷ۣһλ۷ۡ
ѹסˡ
ʱǰڰУеóʱﻮ

žӢɱ߳ɣʹĻָʱ佫ڴͬʱʧȥôžӢɴжϴ֮ΣӰչɲСĴˡ
ʹĻָʱӳӰ쵽ĵǿµû֮ǰֻܳϱ
һɱȺžӢǷǳĸ׳н֮ơ
һ˵һĳޣôΪôԷͬҲˡȻܾˣ˭մˡ
֮䣬ȻаԷžӢҲԲ˴ģΪ
ʣµĻžӢڰս֮
þֶҪ֡
һߣһʼٸߵ֮֯ͥУʮλЦ
ٺ٣һǵļƻʵʩ൱˳ʲôʱ
żǵĵڶƻԼƻҪһʱ׼ֻôĻпǿҷһ㣬Ҫӳ顣
Ͼ۷֯λ֮⣬ûһλ۷һеƻôǾͲòӰˡǸʱֻҪһλ۷ۣҲ޿κΰ
ңƻҲҪϲЧ֮Уûһλܹϱߣ

ҪϹϵֻҪʩеƻȻзӦ
۵õ˲۵ͬ˵ĵ˾ѣ²ѣҲӦĴʩѹ
ҲżڶƻʩУչΣ

ͩŷԹ֯Ļ֮һ
ϸؿ˰죬ͩ߳˵۹ȥ
칫֮ͩɼ˶ۣ˶衣
ޣ²к£΢Цʵ
Ѿ򷨹ֻʮԲˣµطȻѾȴûжֿӡ֤ҪȺɳϣҽǰ߾ͬǿߣΪҵĥʯͩ˵
ţԣôӦңɴ硣ۿһ»ش
ģҿɲɵֻҪĥʯǱƵƴͩͷӦ
ͩĻм棬ּ١ǾͲö֪ˡ
Ϊͩմ۵ѪޣͩƴҲͩ

ڶ죬ͩ뿪ǣޱ߾һҪҪפʮλźλţ⻹оλλڴˡ
Ҫ֮ߡ
ͩĵûпҲûбҪȫ
Ҫפľλλһӭ
ͩҪ֮нӼҪ֮еҪˣ˵ĿģҲˣǸøʲô͸ʲôǲָ棬ȵϢ֪ͨ۰ɡ
ּҪеĶʮλҪ˹ػش
ͩ߾ҪϢ׵ؾͱ鵽ˡ
ϱܿʹݵļ۷С
޴һôȥ˱߾ҪѵҪжɣӥҲˣһ뵱ͩһɱʮλ߽ۣɷ졣
ҪǼλλ񣬿»޴һɱġ
һҪĸֱôһ߾ҪĴ󣬿µһλ۷۶á

ͷ߾һԮɡѪʨһ
ͷ۵ͷõģû⡣
޴ΪչʮѸ٣ҪСӦɴˡѪʨѵ
¾ͷһӦ޴ۣҲȥ۵ĵ˵
ãҪżصأǱۣżص֮Ҫڱ߾֮ΣϡѪʨۿ˵ͷҪ֧Ԯһ˾ˡ
۷۵ֻаλز㣬ӦȽϳ
Գ֧ԮҲࡣ
ԭλ۵ʱ򣬾ͺڵĲòࡣ
½һλ½һλǳսһλżصһλ置һλ
ΪԴ䣬置ֻмλнԭ򷲽置ľͷ磬Ѫʨ½
һҲǷǱ֯װɱȴ鲻ԭڡ
һλ۷ڷ置֯Ҳô¡

۷ۺû۷ڡ
ͩҪϢһ죬ͳҪٵзҪǰǣһļһȻȻ
߿˴ͷ磬ǲӦҪ֮פصλǣһһͷڹ꣬ȫͩﵱ˶߷磬š
ɱȥˡ
Ǽǰһսͩһɱʮλ߽ۣŵòƨһ۾Ƣٱ꣬Ҳ̶ֻ
ңҲɵģΪֻ۷۲ܶԿ۷ۡǿɲ۷ۣԾ㲻սҲûд
ȣ˭Ҫ⻹ж
Ҫ֮еļλۿͩҪ֮вһУҪϵ£ʿ䡣
ԭһҲҵصһֻͷڹˡͩ
ˣޣҪսǰɣɱǡͷ۵ӰӶĿռ֮ͻȻ˳


562  ٽͼ
ͷôֻһǰͩЦеؿֳľ޴ͷߣʵ
ߣЦ޴۲һ󱲶ѣһǰѾ̧ˡͷһ
Ⱥ󣬴Ϊ𣡡ͩ˵
仰˵ʮȷҪ˵ʱͩʿúܡ
ЩλҲûУοȺʿˡ
Щ˵ݵλܹͨͩᲢ
ͷ۱ͩ仰һ
ޣҪʲôͷҲͩ죬ֱת
Ҫ֪߾صأһ£˫ǲλֻڵ⣬սŽã˫ĶԷԲŻ¼λλأʱƣ˫Ĭһذλ
˫Բ۷
Ϊһ۷۵߾⼸ͿԴԷҪ߾ˡ
ԣյͩ߾Ϣ֮󣬵һʱ˾ͷ۹
һΪ̫ͩʢ۷µǿߣٶԿסҪ֪ڷ棬ͩһ˶սʮλǿߡ
սʮλ۴Ӵʧ١

ҲǷֹⷴ߾
Ԫˣִڶ֮ɲٺһ̡
ȴһ˵Уͩóٳ˵ƣס
ãҪ򣬱۾СͷŭЦ
ߣǵƺ֮ȥ򡣡ͷ˵꣬һͷ˿ռ϶֮С
ͩ󣬿粽׷ȥ
ļλۿλ۷뿪֮󣬲˿ϲϣ޴۵ʱ򣬻ǲɱЩ
ƺˣԲ֮ڶޱȣʺΪλ۷۵ս
ͷ۴ӿռ϶֮˳ͩҲԱһռ涴̤֮˳
ණۺѪʨ۵͸ԶĿռע
һ˵ͩһ˽һľɱ֮
ϧһжǾɱ۷˵һֻܹƾͷ۵Ӱɲɱõͷϣ͸ɱֻܹ˵Էǧ֮һ塣
ͷӴ󵽿ֲ壬˺ţһë

ԹߣǶۻѪʨҲò̾һǿͩһܹ˵ͷۣǿɱҲѹͩɱ۷µκʿ
ͩɱͬǿ֮Уһġ
֮УҲܹȡ
Ҫ۷ӰҲͩƴ
ý޴ۣһУ᪰겨ͷ۾ſԴ³һڹ⣬ŵڹں֮󣬱ֱֲϮͩȥ
һɫⲨȻ޷ܣͬͩ
ͩͻȻһףϴ֮һʮķⱦƽϣųҫ۵ĺ⡣
᪰겨ش֣ͩͺֽһʽİ᪰겨Ȼһơ
ɫⲨݺݵػͩ
ͩƺӣһеɱȫڵ֮ϡ
ͩԪʱƣȻҵز¡
ԭ᪰겨֮У̺˾ֲͬں֮ٱɱǳֲ
Ǿͷ۵ѹ׵ľУǾͷ۵ǿط

ͩĵоȻ֮࣡
ͩоĪûʱѹƣһܹͩĵС
ͩǿط
Դ۵ľҲȾͷ۵һвԶӡ
ɱͩʽһ䣬زʮ£ʮâ˲
Ϊһ޲ͷΧС
䣬š
˲飬·Ʈ衣
ΪϮͷۡ
ɱںĽֱ仯ʮ
һʽ仯Ϊޱ䡣
һУָɱ
ͷһУֻܱΧռ䱻岻ЩķΧ
ͩһӳɱ
һ֮󣬻ΪʮѪɫ⡣
һб仯Ϊʮ쳾
ͩȾͷӦһɱӳ
һǴ⵽ɫââ·ƿʱռ䣬ƿطγһɽâٵͨ
һб仯Ϊָ·ֻأ
ͩһɱӳ
âһͷȫס
һб仯Ϊ潣ָᣡ

ͼͩĽδ꣬һгͼʹ
ͷͬʽɱһͬû
ںϡٽͼͩһȣ֮еʱķͼ硣
ͷʧֻһ޴ͼƺ֮䣬һ޴ıѹͼ֮ϡ
Ѫʨ۵һĻмȾֵǣؿ粽޳ǣƺ߸
ͷ۱ٽͼ֮Уܵ޾Ľâ
ÿһâżһɱһ㲻ʲôǧ֮£ҲԲס
ƫƫĵʽֱͼѹ޷ֻܱ֮
ǽâӰϣΪ̫Ƶ
ٽͼͼĲڣͼеǿߣͼһжǻᱻɱʽ仯µĽâ֮УԶٽͼΪṩ㹻֧֣ܹʱѹֱ֮ͼǿϣҪѴѹ֮ͼڿռȹϡ
ٽͼ˳ڴŵ㣬ȫ衣
ԣͼԴǧ꣬ٽͼֻܹʱѡ

ʣٽͼһطʩչһҪķѵķҲСҪͩķѱʮ֮һķ
һͩڲʱܵ£ܹʩչǿط
Ѫʨۻʱ½ϵͩ;ͷ۵Ľս֮ء
ͩѪʨ۵ˣһЦ벻ĳһѧδȻܹλ۷ۡ
Ѫʨûͩĳ֮˵޴񹦸˵Ⱥ󣬴Ϊ𡣡
ͩΪؿѪʨһۣɻʵû˵ɣȻˣ
Ѫʨ۽£סͩĳ̾νʽǿʵֱ׷ܣһɳ֮ѾߣҲòһ
ǣ޵·ϣѹƶΣﲻʹ죡ͩһ˵һ߳Ѫʨ۹
ͩסѪʨۣԮͷۡ
Ѫʨ۱Ӧսһսһ˵ã˵Ҫ⳥
ѪʨҪˣΪͩʵ̫ˣͩһսսϷ硣ŶꣿͩʵѾܹһжˡ

ҲⱾһɱɣͩЦǺǵ˵
ޣ̫ɱ붼Ҫ룡ѪʨһھܾˣΪɱǣ̫Ԥϡ
Ȼɱͷû𣬵ǾǷԼҵı֮гԻҲóʵС
һͩɹǿɾ鷳ˡ
ɱ㶼Ϊ
ս֮䲻ܶá
ܹٿصɱҲֻһѣôһѹһĵ̣λ۷رԱʱ֮衣
Ѫʨ۾ٺͿҲɱΪ⳥øͩ
һͩɹô͸ѶԸˡ
ΪͩѾһϹɱŴ˱²ܷȫܣʵҲֱ׷ܡ
Ҫ֪ͩΪҲһԲѣڶûпʼʵֱܹ׷ܡ
е񽣾Ծӹΰ
Ҫټһɱôûа취ƺͩľˡ

ͩѪʨ۴һţƼңʵ˫ûóȫ
ͩΪûʱƾػѪʨ۵ĵۼطҲǳصģͩҲò˼һ
һҪֵָûһͩȣҪ֪ͩĵһҪԲһҪ쿪ʼˡ
ͩûͬѪʨһֻǲѪʨ۸ٽͼתҲǺʱ֮󣬾ͷƿٽͼ֮ܵΡ
Ҳܹ֤һͩһ´ǿطʵɱж
ʨӺ𣡺𡪡Ѫʨۿͩڤ粻飬ֻһֵȫΧƵֹͩסΡ
ͩȻʨӺӰ죬һ¡
Ѫʨۿ׼ᣬӴͩײ˹
һɲǼ䣬ͩӦ£ѪʨѾײͩϡ
ͩеƻҲɱرһײ˳ȥ
ͩ˳ԶֹסΣȻûˣǵȴʧʮ֮ࡣ
ûʱѹƵ£һλ۷ǿߵĹʧֵ

Ѫʨ۳ٽͼײ˹ȥʹȫײҪȳͼеľͷۡ
ѪʨͩͼȻɱ̫ǿһµʱ䣬ʵܡ
ҪǺͰ֮£»ñʮꡣ
һͩõطͨͼͬƺӣƺֵۼںϣѪʨΪľͷ޷ȫˣŴ½Ӧ
ֻѪʨʵ̫Сٽͼˣһײ֮Ȼ޷ͼ֡
⣬ôܣѪʨ۵ĳײ֮ɣ
ҰײѪʨײһΣһ֮ƵøԶ
ͩסΣһĻʮ⡣
ҺüʱѹٽͼͩҲұ֤ܹסѪʨ۵ĳײ
Ͼһλ۷۵ȫһҲСӡ
ͩûʱһҲʮϰϡ
ɲġ
ԴѪʨ֪֮ͩסͷˡ
۷۹ˣΪµսⲻ档
ȻѪʨۺ;ͷҪͩĻȻ۷۵ĸ棬Ǹʱֲһˡ


563  Ŀ
ʱ֮ʱɻ֮ͩУһ޴ͼȻԱķƺը¶ʵա
ɢ֮󣬾ͷ۵Ӱ¶˿̵ԵǱ쳣Ϣء
ͩϸһͷ۴˿ʧȻӽ֮࣡
ͩףжٽͼʮ⣬ܹ˵۷۽ɵ壬ɲֵġ
Ҫ֪ͷӴ֮ѾʤС۷ۡ
Ȼɱô㡣ͷӴȻҪö࣬СȻҪСöࡣ
ƣһŶۡ
ʵĸ壬޳λ֮ҲʮӴģϱԴɱ֮ȻӴʿࡣ
Ҳ赲Ŀӡ
Ҫ֪Ĵ壬츳ҪӴöࡣ
ɾˣǵ۷۷֮ҲͬӮ˭κβ˭
ͩһٽͼʹ˾ͷ۽ɵ壬Ѿشˡ

ɵ֮䣬Щġ
ʿӴ֮©֮
顢ߺһܴ룬һʵʮһԣܴ޶ÿһλʿľߡ
һ£ܴɣôʹλʿ֮Σٲ·ĿڲԶˡ
ɵʿȻɵʿ˥֮󣬷Դ壬ͩһֱǷСݺ֮أԵЩ롣
ԣͩһֱס֮С
ǹ涨壬˴СڣΪҲΪֲһԢ⡣
ͩˣֻҪ鲻һ˸Ӱ쵽ͩʵӡҰ벽ɣеƻвɲ
ֻͩӳûܹƵĵоԣһֱͩûаܹ
ͩһٽͼܹһ۷ʧɵ壬˵ܹͩһ۷ۣײޱˣ
ѪʨۿͷǱ֮Ҳɵôһתͷͩ˵޴۹Ȼҵ䣬ڡ
Ѫʨ˵꣬žͷһռ϶֮Уʧ١
ͩЦЦûг

ͩʱܣҲλ۷ۡ
ǶʱܣͩҲλֻһλ˵󻹻ĸչ
òʧ״
Ѫʨ۴žͷۻع߾Ҫ
һ֮Уλ۶̾
ôʧڶʱڻָѪʨۿʵ
ҪܾԭѪʨ޴۵ʵ벻֮죬һطܹˣʵšͷҡͷ̾
ѳɣԶưѪʨҲһ̾
壬޴ӣԷ츫֮㿴ɷ񡭡ͷۿʵ
ӣѵ㻹޴֮еһɱƷϵȼϣǶУǷ츫Ҳڶʱ֮ڻɱˡңֻһĻᣬһ֮Ȼᱻ޵ڶλᡣѪʨҡͷ˵
ͷ۳Ĭʵֺγ֪һ㣬ֻǲĶѡ
Ѱɢ۷ۣһоԿɱһ۷ۡ
ͩҲػĳһжͩ˵û̫á

ͷ޳޳ǣڴ˴޴ֹۣҪѪʨۿ˵֮þͷۻȥˡ
ңͷŭĿԲɵ˵
кβңܹɹ˥֮٣֮£ʲôΪ֮ģѪʨۿ˵
ͷҲĬˡ˥Ŀֲö˵ܹ˥֮Ȼдǻ֮ۡ
ľһ;ϣ֮Щ۷ҪǿöࡣһҪ飬Ͳ˼ɡ
ͺһΣͩҪ۷ΪһԼֶΣ߾֮ϣҪҪ֮٣˾ͷۡ
ͷ޴սѪʨۿʵҪڴͩڱ߾ս֮ϣͻǱȻģҪ˽һͩڵʵ
ûУɵܣв𡣸ûԡͷ˼һ˵
ǰĳ̶ֳ˵е٣ҲȷʵҪʤҵȵӰѪʨҲò̾
ɵ󷨣ȷʵףֻйذѹߣ֮һܹɾͰ벽ޡͷҡͷ̾

ʱ˭֪ɵԣӳԶȻɵãǸϰȴ٣ҳȴһûС
Ϊʲô
ΪȺޱȼң´ΪȺҪɵȺչͱˡ
һ룬ֹϰɵ浮֮չڣȴֻͩһɵɾͰ벽ޡ۷ۼʿȴоλ
ͩûгɵ֮ǰû۷򣬿һԪǰز۰ɣ
ͩһһʩΪǾͷش֮޳ˣѪʨȴͩڴ˴
ͩҲûȥѪʨսһأǻصı߾ҪչãҿʼָУԼȡ򷨹֮Բ
߾Ҫ۷۶ţҪһطһĿģȻҪסһλ۷ۣȻһֺϵϢ

֯ȻյϢڱ߾֮ϣͻ۷۶ˡ
֯βܹǣס뾫ڿ÷ˡ
ΪĶķӦҲ൱ȷȻǣٵľ
֯жĿ׼ϣչľӢͷϡ
ΪľӢЩǱš
ľڣΪЩǣûԪ֮Σ޾ʱȥۺͬҲ˺ܳʱһš
в޵ǴЩ֮ӱֻҪЩŲ䣬պ
ֻгЩӢķչŻԪˡ
ͩͨ鱨ϵͳõһ֪ͨͥλ
֮ڵλҲûжʲôõ֮󣬿ʼо
ܿڼ˼֮£һƵļƻö
֮еĽǧλ콫вٶǳûȺǣƵɢޡ
ѡΪжҪѡȻѵѡ

ս徫ӢƼ֮أǿϣӱ
Ҳһˡ
ͩҲǴӰս֮ϣӱ˽յһС
ΪڰսͩѸٳ죬һ·ĻۡΪɹ˥˼ʵĻ
ʵϣ巽ڵһٶλλ񣬻϶ǴӰս֮ľӢ
ֻǰսֻܽ룬Ҳ֡
ڰսֻ֮ҪԿ
ÿ궼вžӢڰս䣬һɳĵط
֯Ҫսȵĵһ޷ȥ
޽ġ
ͩҲְܳǽ
ϾսҪ֮Ҳ֮м֮ء
Ľϣ˫Ӫ
ֻҪܹԲ⣬ɾλ
ԣ֯ļƻòΪ֣ѡ콫ս֮
֯ʮ۷ֳɼٸΣһǧ֪ս
⵹ǲѡ
ǳӭսֻҪΪλ

֯ĸ֣˫Ӫ鱨ϵƣȻܺ¡
Ӧ֮£ʼֲ۵Ŀꡣ
ͩΪ˼Щˣͨ͵ֶΣ֯ȥ˲ͨɱеɱ
ɱΪй֮ˡ
˾ٴؼһ콫
֯ıȻһڶĴƻǶʱܹ֮յЧġ
ʱһΣһȥˡ
ͩڱ߾ҪȻһ֮á
ڴڼ䣬ʱѪʨ֣Ϊչʮ˳Ѿشﵽ򷨹ļޣɾһǧеĴԲ֮
һͩ͸ǽԲˡ
һ۷ѵһ
ݷΣգʵҲһ飬˾͹˾군˵֮ʿ͵ͷˣʱԳȥͻƼԪ֮Ͼˡ
ΪһֻҪ㴳þͲˡ
ʿﵽһѾǲǿ֮һ컨塣
ôһĳɾ;ֹڴˡ

ڶԲȴҪʿ޲ߣҪȻҪĴ⡣
ÿһ̺ȵĺûдָԼһҪѵʱ൱
ҲΪʲô֮Уͣڵڶ߱ȵһ͵Ҫöԭڡ
˵ͩʱմаһʮֺ⡣Խľˮ硢ס⡢ʱ䡢ռʮһ취Ϊ壬̺˿졢ᡢءǬġȵһԪ⡣
ͩҪռЩ취ͺ̺֮ʱմĴ⣬ȡ
һԲ
ͩдָ··ѭֻҪһʱˮĥѣһʵѣܹͨıԴȥ֮º⣬Ǹݽ겣ڴѾˣֻҪһЩϸڶѡ
Щûдָ·۷ۣҪһֻпԼȻǳäĿ޿κΡ


564  ¼¶
һͻȻͩͷ濴ʵ壬ʵʵ壬Ǵӳγɵ
ͩ˵ַ
ԲһǷǳʱģͩ˵㲻ʲôʱеǡͩƣɵԲһҪǧʱ䡣
ڴͬʱͩĵһ꣬ﵽһǧ֮߰ࡣ
ͩʵһľ
٣óȥһˡͩһ֮䣬Ҫ߾Ҫǰ
ͩӰճûжãһͷ޴ĻƽʨӴֳ֮
ޣѪʨ۵ѾһٶǰһǿӲˣһ˿η֮⡣
Щ꣬ͩÿһʱɧ߾ҪѪʨ֮󣬾һͨҶȻ˾ͻȥ
Ѫʨͩǧδսʼƾеڵĺ޻֮˵ûȡʤ
ôѪʨѾͩóûƢսͩͻṥҪһλҪػٵˡ
òؽҪֱ֪߾Ҫػ󣬿ܹס۷۹һĳ󷨣ؽһҪѵһ֡

ԺѪʨͩսҲûлرܹ
óʱûгˣԲ档ͩЦݵ˵
ѪʨˣһѪĸо޲ͩ״ʧϧûǸ쵽
ҪʹٷϻѪʨһ
λ۷۴ŴžԶ˴˵أƺȥˡ
һֱעű߾µĶۺۣȴռ֮УЦ
ͩˣѪʨǼһڵĸоܰɣۺٺһЦ
ңҲܣжĥٲİɡڵǳá
λһ壬һš
սƺЩԾо𣿡۰ѻתһϡ
ʲôԾ̧ͷһۣЦʵ
򣬿ʵѵ㲻ᣬս𣿡
ʲô£ǿɲߣֻƲѡɵ˵˵ս˵Ǹʵٺǿս𣿡
ҲԣԴǼһ֮ʵࡣ۵˵ͷ
ˣû䣬һƱ߾ڵ״Ҳ㿪ս΢΢һЦҡͷ

Ȼ׶ָʲôͬǺǣȷʵˣڵˣʢ
;ľѹ޴۵Ϊ֮죬ҿѾڶˡҪ˶þͻ׷ǣԽǡ۸̾
ţȷʵˡһԪĵһλԪ֮пܾ۶ͩ󱲣Ҳò
ɵУ;һЩ꣬Һ󱲵ķչ֪ˡһ֮УȻۡʮѵɵĳ֮·𣿡۴ĽǶڿķչ⡣
ͩɵ֮ȻҲһܹĶɵˡ
Щ귢չԺһʱʵһ֮ӵλλʮλλ
ֻһѣļ࣬۷չʱ䣬Īھλ۷ڵļǹϺԺա
ֻչ˼˴Ľƿֲٶȡ
ΣѵûпЩж٣۶ɵһ·Ȼ·ȷʵӦʱȥߡһ룬ÿһλ۶ǱģһλǴ£ϼЩ۾߰λʧûĸʧ
ΣϼԸɵңǸṩһǿߵĵ·һϵǿߴ˥ֻһλ۷ۡۿ˵

һʵѾԿƳ֮ˡ
ʵͩҲ֪ЩΪ飬ûжܣɹڹš
ϵķչֻһӰЩ˴Ľ֮ʵ
λһʮλ
ȻҪΪϼλÿʮͻһеʱ򣬻һʣ
Щͳʮλ
ҲۼҶ֮η绢
ٺ۽õ۸ﲻζǰһ̻ѣһ̸۵֮Ѿ˥֮¡
ҲҺҵǿ߳棬ǲܵǳսϵ֡˵ҲȷʵΪ
ǳս֮ϣ֧Ԯòɴǿ߳սλλ񼶱ҲͰˣٶ࣬Ҳܵ
λҪһλˡ
ϼǿҪۣǳսһǳõĵط
ԣ˰ս֮ϣϼǿߣԾǳս
ĽڻΪĽںЩսһȾԵ̫ˡ

λ۷۶ʿΪɶ˻Ϊʾ
ǴϿǣֻӶȥɵ
ˣСȻڳ֮ѡ֮·ʱһжȫƾԸһѡ񣬾Ҳ޷ˡ
ɵȻأĽٶʵ̫ˣ̶̼ʮʱͿۼ
ļʮܻ꣬ڰ񼶱תء
ģϼ֮оγһҶʼԸȥѡɡȻ˻ѡ
ֻʱ̫̣һ˳ͷĲ࣬ԲŻԵɵŨ񣬽رۼҳ֮Ϊһҡ
ؼһΪάɵ˿ʼ
ѵӪ֮У˵Ľٶġ
ͺͩһ
ͬŻڰ񼶱۵ʱѾˣͻƳΪʱ˻Ѿˡ

Ϊţõµĵ̣ȻڷռĶ츣ء
ӵһֱĴ½½ȫˣ
½֮ϣչȫµ
ɵշǳŨ
½ϵڣ쵼
ΪȻߣȴͬһ㣬ˣΪﵽۼʿҲӡ
Ͼ˶ָͩͽ̵ͩϵһ֮ġ
Щͨ˳ɳۼˣͩĴ˵ͩĽ̵ָɳġ
ս֮ϣʧڳʹ̬Ʋ
Ѿʧķ룬Ķע
ս֮⣬ྫӢΪʧ٣һ֮£Щʧٵˡ
̶̰ʱ䣬ò׻ľӢʧ˳һ룡
ϾǳмѰ¼һȥ飬ջǱ鱨Ÿץסϧ鱨ŵΧһЩصİߣЩ߱鲼
ʧ޴£鵽֯ͷϡ

֯Ͼ˽ʮ߼Ǻ״Щҳġ
ڲۻ顣
Ǳаˣ
Ӧ˵һٸаˡ
ǣȫˣ˽ҵͷ֮ޣ
һҪɱӺѧĻԺͲ÷չˡ
ĸλۿϣ޲ߣ۵ĵ̣һӾͱһ롣ЩӢ֮У˵һλܹѼԪĴأ
ܿͳһ˼룬һҪа֯
ȣ֮У֯Ϊа֯عĶȫ˵֯
ڵļ߼֤ݣ֤ڱ𣬶Ե޹ʵϮ
ĳ̱̬ˡ
ӪȻͶ˷ƱȻͲ֪ˡ

޷ɿԸֻ֯Լಲ
֯ҪЩ
սʼˣ˴ѡս硣
֯ڴһλšûλţž콫齨ġ
ΪװЩţ֯˲֪˶ĸ߼ı⣬˲ʡ
ͨװ
ʵ򵥵ǿռ佻ƽ̨ĸʵڿռ佻ƽ̨֮аڷ˴ľװ൱ɹۡ
رֵװ֮ʣŶʮƷߣľƷߣҪôʿҪôʹڿռ佻ƽ̨֮
һٸλ޵ڴһĿ
죬Զ½ؾͱƣŲҰܣȫû
ɳʮλ߽ۣĶսװС

һƵ߼߼УĲֱм硣
֮֯֯µһλŷֱ帽ӹһЩĿн
ȵѴϣʽʱ¸ӹ߼˶ٶ˼ʮż
߼µǶʮ֮࣡
֯ĿȷĶĸӹ
ӹһҪ֧ӰӹԽ࣬ʹӰʵԽǿ
رǾż
ûбҪӹڳˡ
ȴʮӹľż֪ⳬжˡ
֯һϵжһֲȵǷӦʱ֯Ѿϵ֮һӰ
һУȻǼƻõġ
֯ڰǰͿʼһս׼һϵеսƻ
ִѾƶĽƻ
ʵϣԭҪģڿȴǲòѱõԸ档


565  ս
һλʲô
ܹɾŵģһϵľˣֻλɵľŶѡ
һű׼ˣһλžڴ
Ϊ˵ľŲ࣬㶼ܹóʮϰٸλšǳȻĵ̺ʵ
żųǿżīҲֻó߰ٸҵλš
ΪǴƽ֮ѡģʿܹ񣬴󲿷ֶǿġҪЩ˴ӾǶôѵ飿
ΣʱЩŻȺ٣ƽʱȺ߲Ҳǿǡ
ԣҪ³һλţҲǷǳѵ顣
ΪԸӾλʵ࣬λԪ޾ңڣ棬˭Ըܵ
Ҽһսļʼ
ԣλȻԳڣҲòڴ
ˣҲ˶١
ԣ֯óһλţƿֲ֮ˡ

һƣһ·ϱ֯ежٸаżܹ֪֯µһλжײˡ
Ҫ֪֯µļʮ߼һȫԱҲûڵ˵ɾˡ
ֱǲ˼ģ֮е٣ܹóһλŵǿˣȫ治ᳬʮ
ʵһλȥͳƴǿˣԲᳬʮ֮һͰΪ׵ˡ
ʮǿҲûбҪƴ
ܹóһλţܹһ
˷ܵ׼Ϸ˫˭ʤ˭ܣ˵Ǻ¡
˵֯ʧˣǸճһش֯ɹˣǸãͲ֯״
ã
ֻҲ֪ǲܵġ
Ϊ֣Բܱһص֯
ͩѪʨ۴սҹ˫ŰսԻȥ
ͩʧУѪʨ۱ͩ7ϵ塣
ͩشѪʨۣΪ޳ǵľͷ˵Ѫʨ۸ǻۣʵҲǿ֡

ԣͩǿӲش˾ͷۣȴѪʨڱ߾Ҫһٶꡣ
ѪʨҲǲȥֻʵڳ
һֶ֯սҲûа취һ۷۲롣ֻеĸ߽ͷ
ᣬһʮλ۲һεĻ顣
λһ֯սȻ룬ȴܴûᡣִ˵
ԣǼλĽرѹ߾ͻǣסľĻ仹Ӯ˵Ǻ¡۽ӿڵ
õȺ󲿷۵ͬʣµĲҲûб̬ⲿ۶ȺĹȤǴһֻġ
Ҿõ˵ĵ˾ѣ֧Ԯѵ÷Ϊס۷ۣϾȥֱ֯ͩ˵رʾֵ֧
ⲻ޳ɣͷһӦһԿסġ
ôӥͽˡ۱̬
һߣԨۻͶһۣ̾ðɣһѾͷ߾Ҹס

Ԩۣۡۡλ۷ۣ˾ְֻȶԣ򷲽ԨУͬʱĹҪĩβ
һ£ֻҪֳ㣬ۺͶ۶뿪λ
ͩЦЦûж˵ʲô
ۿ˵ãۣ½һٸλţʮλţƽޱ߾ȥøúƴһ㡣
ʮλţûиô󣿡۾ȵʵ
оλŵλŸϡ١
˵õóһλţλŵֻʮѡ
һߣҳͻҪϿսĽȡҲֻ˰˸λŶѡ
λţսߵĴԼսãս൱ǿ
һֵͩķս֮УһλŴ˶Էʮλţ
ս֮ǿɼһˡ
λţսͬ
Ҳǵ֯òλǾסı

һȷƻִ
ȣʮλŴ½ĸ»֮гޱ߾֮һǴսߡ
ôĶܹ˵ע⣿رǵһʱյϢ
յϢûκηŭ棬ΪڵıַǳͬǶһ
Ǿ֪˼ҲòӦҲӱ½ɳʮλǰȥޱ߾ڱ߾
Ϊ֪ǲӦеǿ߾
ڵʵҲȷʵǿһ
֯ս״̬Ҫս
ֻǾʮλţλţԼµԤӣֻɳһλǰ֯ս
ⲻǰ۱۸סˣӥͬ۸סˡ
һߣԨ۵߾ûкͩϣǵ˱߾һҪҪ
ͩӦ

״޷ˣͷ۲ò뿪޳ǣ˱߾Ԩ۶š
ڵǳ⣬Ϊǳϳ۷֮⣬Ҳ鲻ֳˡ
һһߵս쳣״Щ۷Ҳ鲻æˡ
ͩΪŵı߾ҪָյҪѪʨ۳
Ѫʨ̤˵޴ۣôһܣ
ǣһǷҸ㣬뿪ҵߣҲұ֤һʲôԣǻһ壬ȰɡͩĻʮְֱ˵вѪʨۣ뿪ҾͰҪѪϴˣȻʾ
Ѫʨɫ䣬óһ壬˫ٿһƣͷ֮ϣѪʨ۱СΣͩ塣
ͩһ㣬ֻǻѣ۷۵ĴٶǺֲ
ԣͩҲ˿壬Ѫʨ
ˣҲ˴š
Ѫʨ۱ͩ׶סˣͩţѪʨ۲ܴԼƤ£뿪ķ˾޴ıʣѪʨҪ뿪Ҳ޷뿪

ɳ˶ʮλнۺλ߽ۣȻһλźǧλš
ѾǼˡ
Ϊڱ߾вͬ޴òıڱ߾ͱԤϡ
ĵ½򣬾ս֮ء
˫Ӫһǧλţֳսߣ֡
ս߷֯··ߡ
һ·һǧλţֳַ·֧£иӹм
һ·ǧλŸµ߼
һ·һǧٸλţµİ˼
һ·ǧٸλţԸµʣĸż
·һǧλţԮ
֯£ǧ˰ٸλΪԤʱԮ
һսļҳ̶Ⱥ͹ģ̶ȣԱȺսˡ
ΪⳡսͻԵģڶʱ֮ڣ˫ıӴޱȣҶԽڽеͳս
ȻⲢ˵ⳡսĹģԽͳ֮ս
Ϊǲܵġ

۹ģͳĹģǲŽһ˫һδ󿪷ʱڴڣ˲֪ٸ꣬ϯȥԼĳɣ
˫ӪıǧڼֹģŽǰ
һҲԿǰһ͵ڶĳӵеĳǿ̡
˵֮֯ʮڼս㲻ʲô
ֻֽ׶ΣⳡսȴǴֵģһԣһ߿ϷһֻĹкܶࡣ
ֻ˭ûȥ̽սֻصȵŽѡ
һ·Ľٶ൱Ѹ٣չҲ
һ·񣬾޴ĿƼ;࣬ʹĸӹмȫû֮
һЩȺģȫǿսսܵܡױˡ
еȫȺĲָʧһգһص󿪷ʱΪͼ
Ҫ֪мλػģһȫûãò޵սӣͱŵų콫ǿ߸һֶɱ

ѵĲĸżսһ·Ԯ·
֯ʽ˾żĴս
˫˸ǧλţս֮ϣɱ
˫ڵװϵĲಢ˫ǾƷͱ׼װ
֯ս档
֯һٶ׼ʱ䣬Ҳ޷Խ޴ĿƼ蹵
װԴӿռ佻ƽ̨չսÿĻûĸġ
ĳҲ⡣
֯ûа취óԵսǱӦս
֯ҲûɱﵵģǾԶͥشͥսϴ󡪡޵
Խеͳɸŵ콫Ϊڵ㣬˸
һԽһ޵󣬶һͳʮСǳ󷨣߸Թɴǳ
һ룬һ޵ϵһλϣٻսжǿ
һսͿԺһ۷
ǳǼԪ֮Ҳܼɣ
Զͥǿ󷨣ΪԶŸĹѹ塣


566  ս
ǰֹ˾ţֻǧﵽһǧƽÿһǧıһ޵
һ޵һ޴һٸɡ
һſ޴
޴ء
ÿһ޴һõС޵󣬹ؼ汸
ÿٸſ޵
޵ЧһǷʱգΧʱշﵽȫߵ˵Ч
ڶ˺дЧֻҪ֮һδô˶
ռٻ޵ȫһλϣϷӵ
˫սʱ˾ʧʮţԷһҲûУǳӵս
ǿսǱ֮£˴޵Ҳòǰʹôռ
ȥˣǳаɣһλĻսƵ֮˵
ͬ⡣
ãУ
Ǽʶһ޵

ע⣬Ƶ˰ˣսر仯޵ۺϣǿ߲ˣҪսĵر仯Ҫһλ룬ΪսĲſԡ
ǣЧƵ˰ˣһƵʵɹ
ڶƵʵɹ
ɹ

ɹ
սۺϣϷǿһȡ
ЧƵɹ޵󱬷޾ԡ
ս֮ϣһʮ޵󱬷ͬĹԡ
ôĶȻ
ãб䣬ֹǣָһδս۴е
֮ǿļʮսǱǿԴͷǿĹ
ʮֲⲨ޵
䡪ֲıը಻ϣನӰ죬ɽѣ
ըɢֻ֮ʮ̬ľ޴Ӱ֡
ޱߣ޵Сɱ
ʮλͬʱ۳һìսǱ͵һ
ָӵ۴һã쿪ʱոǽϵͳ
սǱͳϣǧŵʱոǽϵͳ

˷ϵͳԭͩǰԪռܵԭ
κοռ䶼ᱻŵԪռ֮УԽ
ͬģ˷ϵͳҲǿһʱգ˫ȫ˫ڲͬʱ֮С
κιԴб˷ϵͳһ塣
ǹǿԴʱյĳ̶ȡ
ìʱոǽ
ʱǽȻһƣʱձǽ顣
ʮìʮǿսǱ
䡪ʮսǱȻ֮ͬڵмԦ߾䡣
һλš
սǱըನֻ˶ʮλţ
ţʮ޴սִ֮һץɱеǹꪡꡢȵȱ
Ȼ̤գģս֮С
绢Ⱥһ㣬ɱ¾
ɾ޴۶ɵĿֲУһӾǳɰǧλսʿΪɻҡһնеսǱʱһΪԱԦء
ƴңޱȣսʿɢӡ
ʮ޴ĹâӰͺʮֲ˶ħһ㡣ײС¡

죬ӣ̫ˣ
赲Եֵˣ
סһҪסǹȥ
˹ҾͲǲ֮
ǵǿأǵĶǿأ֣ǿɵֵסĹﰡ
ײսʿʡ־塢𾪵ؽţмӼвָӹٵָӡ
ǳְɣ벻˵սȻд˱仯ӦԶսеٻۺϱ仯ǵһͷһλ߽ߣϳЩ޴ļһһЩϸ
СģЩԴﵽ۷۵ļֻǾ粻ûӰѡǻȡʤϣһλ߽ۿ˵
ǱֹŰȥһ̾䶨ˡ
һĶʮλǿߣԻͬʱ֡
ʮλ۵ʱһ֮ڵмʿŲ˳ȥսʮλĬصסʮλս
һ֣̾͸ܵ˵ǿ󣬵˵Ĺǿ
λ߽û˵սԿ۷ֻۣǾ粻ûӰ
ʹˣսҲһλλλλһǧλۺ϶ɡ
˺֮£ʵսʹҲԳ˸߽ۡ
һսһ̸ܵ޴ѹ

ã̫ǿˣҪȺ֧ԮһλнһսУ1ʱһ
˴ʣµٰʮĸţȻս󣬼սߡ
ǿ̸սǱ˴սݻ߰˳ɣ
ս󽵵ƾŰ˱ڵеǿȻѹס˴
սȴǽ
˴Ѿ޽ϵأǿصֿӵĹǵԮҪȫЩ
ȻռϷ磬ȱսǱǿǿҲͻƵзķء
֧Ԯǲųһսʤδ֣ͽ֧Ԯȥ֮ôȺԵ̫𣿡۷Ե
Ҳصǣսı仯Ȼǿ󣬿ȱ޷־ãǼһ£һսٺ֧ԮҲ١λ۵뷨ͷǳá
˫һս£ڲʤ

սȱԣ޷־ãһλȸ߽۵֣ҲȻ޷֧̫ã۷۵ûӦľ磬ɼԦ
һսʤ˾õķ֮Уز
򲻵òܼսķâѡǧӪ
սȻʤ˫
˾ֱӱʮ˸ɽƵľţʧ˽𣬷ơ
ӵʧңǧսǱ˰˳ɣʣµȫСΪսǱ룬ԦЩսǱĴλҲ
ڴͬʱʧ˶ʮλţʧǲ˴١ǧλŵܱʧԵò
ǣλΪ˵ֵս´սˣûһ⡣ֻƵĴСͬѡ
ձӪ֮ϲָӹǾһԲߡ
벻˵ǿƣҪأԮѰ
Ƽתֱ£Ҳûϵ˵ǿ󣬲װϲѷɫǣսҲ˿·硣Ҫǿѣ
սǱʧҪǿ»ҲռϷ磬Ҳ޳ǿ


ϲֳ۵㣬һǿǿıսǿͻƵ˷ߣһ޳ǿԭӪȴԮһȲ޳ǿҲ޳ȺԮ
ݣͳһ
ʱعȥˡ
ڴڼַǿûгɹͻ˴ķأ۽
ǿһת˹۵㣬ʼֱ֧Ĺ۵㡣
ɶ񣬵˵սʵ̫ǿˣǸ͹ȥɴս֯ʵͲһ
Ⱥ۷ǿߣԱǣסˣԮҲֻͬѣԿ˵ʤսЩԽԽ
Ǳڴ˵أ޷ѻϣսͳһǵѺױ˷ָΧ۶֮ԣͨͨĻһûǵĴΣա
ˣǾˣѴϱȺȺλ߽۴˹ʶȺľ߲⡣
ǽˣˡ

ĺľ߲㣬Ǽλ۷ۡ
ʣµİλ۷۾һ޴ıʣԭΪֻĶ֣Ȼǿ
ԶսܹŪǿսʱʧԪˡ
ܹٻ۷۵ǿսɿƵĵһս󣬼ս֮ƥС
ƾһȺƾ֯սܹ֮ľսƽ֡
ƫƫ֯ѾΪС
ֻǷѣֻҪǳ֣Բ⡣ӥ۷Ȼ˵
ߵÿ𣿡۷֮һʴ۵ӥһʵ
ӥһҡҡͷ
ұúܽҡͷ
ұ壬ܶѪʨ̾
Ҳǡͷͬҡͷ˵
ʮλλλţһսǱİپߣԾԵɱһеֿʴ۷ŭؽе
սִСԽսǿһսǱսˡ
һ˵սԽѶԽߣѵĲҲԽǸ߼ĳɱҲԽߡ

һսǳǵĴҲǧ֮һһӾó֮һƵϳˡ
Ҫ֪һһսҲʮ߶ѡ
ҪǣһսֻгǸ죬֮䲻ᶯá
֮α߾ͻõһսҲᳬһ١
һսԴս֮Уֿλ
Խ࣬Խǿ
һһսֻ׵λԿһ¡
ʮһսش׵λ
һپһսǸ߽Ҳ˱ܷâ
ûλλɵսƴΪֵãӮ˲öԷʧһͭ˵Ļǵòʧ
ӮλԿ
ν߹ײ
üپһսԿ˴ս˼·Ǿȷģĳ˵սսƵģͳͨʿÿһȻϲǿ
ĳ˵սִԴսһһǿߵ͵ı־֮һ


567  Ԯ
ȴԮʱ˴·ȴ񣬾żµֿȻǵʵע޷Чصֿ˴Ű
Ϊ˴սһУһóż£ûĸܹסġ
ģʣµĴż
ǧٸţԾĸżȫһǰս
һսһ꣬ĸż֮£ȻأҲûа
ϾһսǰˣҲ군ˡ
ԣƵĸżó͵̡
ƴؼ
ڴͬʱҲԼԮͷĸżҲ˲ʲôˡ
һֶζˣвֶڡ
ǱߵԮ׼ٶȹȻӿʮ
µʱ׼һУΡ
ʮλλݼǰߵĶʮλλóһλ
λһԵɢ޳һٸλ񣬿ƿֲ֯λֻһѡ

λţ൱ԤӶóһ룬ԲСˡΪޱ߾ǣĴľ
İپһսһĻ۷Ҳò·ߡ
廹һǧλţѾֽ׶óˡ
Ԯûа취ȡսĻҲòˡ
ֹһ£Ԯ֯ҲòԤ֮мһǧλǰߣǰ·ߣ˳ؾԮĿꡣ
һ֯Ĵ𰸷ǳȷǾǧλţڵıȫûڴˣҲҪֹԮҲҪټְ˸£
˸¶ֲˣôԮļƻͻʧܣܿӰ쵽սֱ仯սƣƻ˴һʼöõһϵսԼƻ
Ľܻܿⳡս
һս֮֯սҲǽӵͩ´ŷӴսΣ֯ⳡս
¶ǳ֮һҲ⡣

Ԯ̷ִ֮һǿһóȫһλּԦսߣǧλţλţһ
̩ɽѹһ㣬ǿڳ˴쳽˹ȥ
ƵЧԡ
ƵЧɣսۺϣϷ
ʮս壬ս֮ϣɱս֮С
սǱУϵͳ
ϵͳ飬Ӧϵͳá
ϵͳ飬ϵͳá
ϵͳ飬иϵͳá
ϵͳ飬ϵͳá

һʮϵͳһáʹá
Ǳ壡
ս֮ϣеսǱǵļԦΪԴʼϡ
һͷӴĹﵮˡ
ʨͷӥᡢβצ
پһսǱǧ߶ȺĵȹǱɵĽչһӭʮս
˫ռԾʴ̼ǿǿԾ
һֱڰйעսͩΪȣ벻ȻֶΣȻǳ̾
ͩҲ֪ԭִսı仯÷

֯սĺսޣǵʣﵽ۷ۼȱٵֻǾ硣
˫Ĺ쳣ǿڷϣսȷʵȲͷȫսǱɵĽղ֮塣
սȴʤϣ֯ԸĻǿ֯ʮŸս
ĺսޣȴֻôһֻѡ
ս֮ϣʮսԵһֻսޡ
嶯һλλڵλ񣬼ƵսǱϳôһֻսޡ
һֵƣս֮УҲʹùġ
벻ǻһףȻͩһ߿̣һ߸̾
Ѫʨ⹧άȴûбֳô˵顣
ΪһУҲѩصĵ֮һڲòǰ¶Ѫʨۻ¶ɫŹˡ
սޣڸ﷽۷۱Ҫ㡣
˵ǿֲս޼̵ķӴ󣬱۷廹ҪǿѶԸ
֮£սڷʹϣҪԶѷֻսޡ
֮ƴɱΣ˭Ҳ֪

ͩĵعעսаȻСκһԭΪֻҪǣסļλ۷ۡսս֮Ͼ޵еĴڡڿȴҪģĵ̺]ߵ˼ɲ⡣
սս޶ʥսһ򣬲֪ռļ̶̳ȣҲÿռݡ
Ҳֻ۷۴óȫ²Ż֡
˫һ£ڼս߸滻һΡ
Ҫ֪սϰλǿ߹ͬԦĿսߡ
սһλۿƣⷽ棬ơ
Һãսʤ磬һԿս־ΪӵӦ֡
ս޵ÿλսϣϰλʹȻҪöˡ
Ϊսߺ壬Ǹһ㣬ܰѰλ۵ؽĻλ۵֮ƿֲ˵ս޵ɻڼƵλʿͳϡ

ͩϸع۲һڷ˺ս޵㣬Ǿ̫ˡ
ս˦70ңϾǧͳһڴĹ֮Укķѣǲɱġ
ˣٷ֮ʮֵҲƿǰˣҲֳ޵ǿ֮
ԣһλۼԦǧӳ۷ۼ
ս޵ʻ֮һʵ̫ԶˡǴ⿿žԵѻ۷ۼ
֮ڷչڣҲչƵķ弼Ǳ̭ˡ
Ϊʲôһʵ⡣
ںչ֮Уҳսﵽʡ
ֻǵִԶսʧ൱һûдԣִҲ˷ļչ
սĿԡ
սߣսǱһ
ĺսϵÿڿԱӦϣȴռϷ硣
սҲЩԲˡ
սӽسбƴľ˫ʵȻۺʵϣռϷ硣

ѪʨۿһĻЦֻҪߣһе֯״ܣȻ취ȫС
ͩһӣ˵Цǲ̫һ㣿
ѶѵΪܷ̲ɣѪʨŵ˵
֮£治Уûаٷ֮ٵ飬һжڱ仯ͩЦ
㲻ţǶһ£ͶʮɱΣѪʨۼҪô˻ջһͩߵĶɱ
ԣģǾͶĴ㣬ʮⱾԴɱͩȻ˵
ãľͶģһΪѪʨһ֣ͩΪġ
Ҫ˵ⱾԴɱı֮УԲ٣ڲõǵȴ١ԴɱĵΪֲСȱݣЩĿͳս
һЩǿ˵Դɱþͼˣ˵һⱾԴɱ洢ȫλİٷ֮һ嶼磬ʮּˡ
֮УԴɱֵǮıԣóʮһѹҲûСҪǵǣԴɱܾô˵Ϊʵ
ǻ˵ˣҪǾ̫ûˣҲ

ͩЦЦ֮ͨԮʮλ˵ϧһдۣҲҪԮҪʱԱս
ͩҪ¸ۣԲЧΪֻƵͩ۷Ҳ¡
Ƿϵ鲻һǵȫڰУֻҪ鲻ǾͲ䡣
ս֮ϣ˴ǰ
λȥǺľ˷ҲѴЧΪԮ񣬲òȥˡǾҲǸﵱ汳ġһλ˵
ãȥҲһúңҵǺ棬ǲ鲻ҵȾͲ䡣һλͬ
һԣϾǲƭǵġ
ãҵһλοࡣ汳·ǻ׬ˣ
ս֮ϣںͺս޴ֵսµı仯
ֳֻ˰˸Ӱһһס˺ս޵֫һ˵˺ս޵ıϣҪѹڵء
һ˹Դϣһ汧ס˺ս޵ĸ
һֻսޱ߸սסһʱ֮䶯á

ʣµλսʩչһʱշս޺߸ͬһΪյʱ֮ڡ
ս޵ĿǣտʼҲҪʲôֻƴȫȼһ
Ҫʲô
֪
ΣȰǵ˵
ʱշĴͨһеȫ֮У뵽ʲôֵشеãǿӳȥԱ
䣬ǿ跴Ӧ߸ǧ콫еѹһȻ͵Ա
䡪
챬ըըĵĿռ˲𣬻ΪһƬˮݡ
ڴͬʱǱսͬʱϣڼʮϢ֮ҲΪУըನڻɢ˳
˫ؽܵӰ죬ʩֱӱ
ģǰɣǷһսѣˣҲδ˸Ұɣ
ǿȻսеʱһˣǿ߿ǰȳˡ
ûй涨ûʤ£Ҫƴֿ
ӣһȺӡ


568  
ӣһȺӡ۲սֻҪʤΪʤԼ
ûһλҪ䣬Ϊﵽλ֮˾Ҳ޷ˡԣÿһλλ񶼷ǳϧԼ
򲻵ü£ûλλԸԼ
ڷһУȻ൱û߼ûе
ֻ÷ӡ񾭲ˡ
ս޷ǳʹûֱӱȴ˺ܲҲﵽ˱ıԵ߸ͬսԱһڷջµԱֱ޷ݡ
˵ͩԱ֮£Ҳòʱ֮ڡҹڵõȥӲ
Ϊ޷Ԥӵ϶ɱ£ɵӲŻȥӲ
սûбȴʧء
λֱӱɵ֮
λķ֮
λΪ˺̯һλλûһ䣬Ǹܴٷ֮ʮʧȥ˾ųɵս
ȡ״̬ӳսûС

ܣźս޵һλλ񣬼ͬʱźս޵ͷܣԽ֮£Ѹ뿪սԶԶӿˡ
˾ûȥ׷صأȡ˾ۺá
صص콫ǣųĬϾؿս䣬˭Ҳܡ
Ľһʧܡ
һʧλ֮࣡йǸ
ȻûжҡĸرǹǸ䣬Ҫ֮ҲҪʱܰ쵽
Ҫ֪ʮǸʮλǿߵڶûлָ
ÿһ򼸸꣬ŻḴʮ򵽶ʮ򲻵ǿߡµλһǲḴġ
λ⣬λͬۡ
λΣһλȫܵشҪʱʱ֮ڣҲûսˡ
ʣµλֻ֮һѣٵˡ
ܽĽⳡս
ȻȫûֻĶսȫǣסˡ

ޱ߾
ͩˬشЦţ˿˼Ѫʨɫ
Ѫʨۺ޲ðеͩǰ̶ӽȥֻ룬ûǸ
Ц𣿡Ѫʨ۵˫ĿȼŻ棬һʧصǰ׸о
ͩסЦڳЦҵģƨ£ܵ𣿺ٺٺ١
ѪʨŭҲйڣֻǿš
ٿʱᣬټ˱еλ񣬲ҿȽģʽ
ԭԶ
ԲʧˣʧˡʧأЩ˼ֱǷӣһβսһλ߽վΪ
޷ʤ˱ҳ£ֻҪܻŻҲ㲻еĴҡһ۷֮һǴ۰ο
ʧ㣿Ѫʨۿʵ
λʧһǧǧλű״˽ƣֻдһھǧ򣬸ˡλʧһǧʮҴҲͬˣʱʧȥսλû䣬ͬʧһ룬ɥʧսսǱٻ߳ϣûлٻĲҲˣ󲿷ûļֵһλʧнۿڻش

һʱ֮䣬ҶĬ˲صʧ˵Ԥ֮⡣
ʵԪˣ
Ҫãֵֶ֮ʣǸҪ£ԭһߵˡʴҡͷ̾
ԴԴ֮󣬾һֱ²˳
ı߾ͻ֮ʧأдűɱȻеľơ
ȺķչǱɱ˰˳ɣʹָԪһν뷢չڵʱӺ
һص֯˳սؽɱӹʹܵشӰ
һεսȻǿ֮£ȻҰܶ顣ȻֵʧҲͬС
һеһУǼ̵ʱ֮ڣģһһһһʵ
ϵ£ﵽ⣬ܵشʵ½һ֮£ʱѾ֮ǰǿʢȫλسԽˡ

ˣҪ۵ǣⳡսǻҪҪȥѪʨۿʵ
ΪʲôʧСѵԷʧС˵ⳡսˣ˵ܾˡڣԷʧ󣬱ϾǵλһҲû䣬Էλλǿó棬˵ѳսɵĹ۵㡣
սֻ֮֯ĳͻȻս٣ȴĸӹ
£˸ӹ⣬һЩ߼ѡ˫ûдϵֻǵĽ˶ѡ
ԣҪЩѰæҲøһĺôſԡ
ΪҪѳæ
ɴ࣬ǺͰɣҪʱϢָԪǿһЩȡָԪʱ䣬ȵԪָбҲٰȥ»ᶯҡǵĸǵĶֶúõλ˵ԱԱȥʲôôɵĹ۵㡣
սɺɵĹ۵㶼еһʱ֮䣬˭Ҳκβ˭Ȼڻϴ

λʾĬ
˭һȺӽսһһԱأ
νõ»ģ㶵ģ㶵ºģ²Ҫġ
һȺҪķӣûԶ㡣
Σǲܿǵĸӹ֯Ҫ֪ǵĸӹϵǾŷչ͵ģһݻ٣ǵʧ󡣡սɵµսɵ
ȷʵ޷رܵģһӹ𣬶Ϊӵĳûа㷴ӦֻĻĹڣԺܹոӹ
ɷΪҪЩӹǲӦЩͣսͣһͣЩӹҲܶౣһЩԪ
üȥ
ͣս͡
ɹ۵㳳
ģʴۺݺݵӣ˵ˣˣȥһ¡˵꣬һ֣ͽ۷۵λ˻ҡ
Ļֻʣ°λ۷ˡ
ǾãӦôȥǱʵͣʴۿѪʨ۵λڶĺ󱲣ʵ
ҪȥĻֻԳˡӥüͷ˵

ûдⳡսҪٴȥֻɳ۷۲սˣսǺսޣֻﵽ۷۶ѣǾԶԶ硣
۷ۣЩ㲻ʲô
ԣҪȡʤֻɳ۷۳ˡ
ˣ۷аλһ۷ҪػҪʱʱԴ߶츫
ͺڷϵĺһӵоԵ֮
ʣµλڶ۷ۣȴǣסˣ鲻
˵ĿתѪʨۡ
ûа취޴ۿɲúŪѪʨʵ̾
ˣϹͷɡ˵һֱڻϷԵʨۡ
ʴۡǴۡ۵λһĴۿʨۣ˵ϻƣҪҪ뿪ˣ׳ġ
λһ۷ƾͨͨطԴ߶츫
һһλɾûˡ
ʧȥ˷츫ĵλͻᷢҡ
޷ֻһ˶ѣ˵ˣҲĸıӵʨ۲ݷ˵

ʴۡǴۡ۶һۣص˵ͷ
ʨۼ̶ˣߣ̿ʼһܹʮ֮
ʨ۹һ˴ǰӴֲѹΪۡ
ǰزдİλͬһʱ䷢˵˵ĵ
۷ۣ
ôܣ۷۲˵ס𣿡
ǳпܣΪûһص
ô죿
ô죬ȻٻսǺƴˡ
һǿߣʨս
һֱעսԼһЩصĿǡ
ߣҪսɡʨע⵽ЩصĿغһ䣬ֻЩӵ
ޱ߾ǰͩġһһöӣ̧ͷѪʨۣ˵ȻֶΣȻʨ۶ԳɽˡԽԽȥˡ
ӵ٣ҪٷųȥҪܳһʱſԵһ棬ͩҲڵ˴İȫ⡣
۷۳֣ɲģرǳֵĻһĴܡ
ЩһǿǣɹݷһػߣҲʵĺܡ

һǿ߳ɽӦһ
ڲҲ顣
ʮλ۷һռ֮š
ϹŶˣҪƴ˰ͩ̾ǲܾɿŰɣ
ΣֱӲսҲֻܱ״ˡҡͷ˵
ûдԶסλ۷ۣûκһһսֻǴǣƶѣһ޳Ԯ
ʱʨѾսˣԲսֻܸɿˡ
ս
ͻȻð̫֯أҲ֪֯ĿʲôǱкøУͬжУֻĿأ
һеһУûӦ鱨Ϊ֤ܹľ¾Ĳս
Ϊһľ߲㣬ܸݸϲã½ۣÿһ߶ҪǺϸ˼֮¾
ֳֻܱͩĬȻҲżһͩòְæ⡣
ɢ޵ĻͩǿԺ޹˼ɵɢޡ۷֮һĳҲ
ʱͩȴòǵ
Ϊ


569  ٷ
ͩԴ²ò̬Ĵڲܱ¶Լ֮֯ϵǿ͸¶ġ
ͩҲͨˣԼ۷ۣô֯Լ֯ҲӦ졣
ͩѾ޷ΪɳȵصӰ죬ͩҪֳȻҲ޷۷һʵ
ͨһ̶֮ͩԼȨޣټͷᡣ
ռ䣬ᡣ
ͩڵʮλ۷ȫ롣
λ۷۶ֵؿͩһֱͩƺټǡ
ޣټǣк̣ۺʵ
һҪʵ֯Ļ󲼾ġͩȻ˵
⻰һλ۷۱ð˵ֻܴ
˵ˣҳֻˣһؿЦ۷۵Ϊôֻܳ״̬
žһ˹ȥȻһԼ֣˵ΣҲǻ
۱һƴˣ漴ۣǲҪ

ˣЦΪֹˡӣȵ˵
һλ۷۶һĻͼֲˡǰʱЩС˺ֻ֣ʱͩļ룬Ϊάֳţࡣ
ģҿԱ֤ͩ϶ػش⣬ԴҲҵϡ
仰һ˸۾ɳˡ
˵۵Ļ˵һ룬˵ȥˡ
ֻû˻˵رһλ۷˵Ǿһʵ
ǰһ鷢ǰ׾ܹ֤ͩ˵Ļʵ
ηۺðűôһ仰
šλ۷ͬʱͷʾͬ
ͩЦЦ˵ԣڵǣڲ¶ݵ£סʨۣƶģļƻͻṦһˡ
ô죿ĸϼһǲᶯģ룬ȥޣѪʨޣȥʨۡҲʲôǶԸһǽɱܣסɡۿ˵
ͩɻˣʵѵǳ׷

ʲôֻסʨѣѵΪǿսɣҪ֪ڵǣԪǴ𰡡ȸҡͷ˵
ԣҪɵʨûĵģҪκ֪۲˵
ͩ˼ص˵ͷ
֮½۵һʱ䶯ܿ͸ϵǰߡ
Ѫʨע۴ӿռ϶֮߳ɫ˲
ۣ벻ҲˣǸòҪ±۰ɣѪʨ̽ʵ
£Ѫʨ۾Բλ۷۵Ķ֣λ۷ҪҲǲܵġ
οѪʨ۵ıı߾Ҫ
ֻҪһֲԾѪʨҪһˣƾҪػ󣬿סλ۷۵Ľ
ԣѪʨ۲̫ģֻ˵Ŀġ
ͩЦЦ˵ģǻֵش̼ϾǲͳһеĹϵ
ؼԵҲ֮й˼ɵĹͬԭ
֮䲻ǲܹ棬ֻìܶѡ
֮䣬ûѣҲûĳޣֻ档еĹϵ

Ѫʨˣһ
ޣѪʨ壬Σۿ֣һȤ˵
ͩ˳µվλЦе˵Ǿøˡ
Ѫʨ۶棬²ؿ̣һӡ
ѪʨҪʱ򻹿滻ͩģǴˡ
֪Σֹܹ
ֻѪʨҲף滻޴۵Ŀĺڡ
£Ȼȥɡۻ˻֣ͩˡ
ͩˣ˵ͷ˺˿ռ䣬˽ȥ
ͩصǣ˶ۡ
ôۿʵ
ʨۿ̤ĴܣҶֻǴڵڶѣܹɵԴۣɵʨۡͩӴĴʱҲڶ۷֮˽ͩһ
ͩ׶۵˼ֻһΣһβɹҪɵһλ۷ۣǾͲеڶλˡ
ģзִģҲġͩ˵ͷصػش

ʱʨѾ֯ӽ˻
λսһʨۡ
λ۷۵սʨһѹ·磬Ʒǳ
ͩͨϵ˿Ʒλǿߡ
˭ǲҪʲҪܣֻҪסǽһķΧڡ
ףλӦ
ͩȻ뿪ǣڵ֮С
ҵһԭʼɽȣϢս˱֮У¯ռ֮Уգ֮ͱɻҡ
ڿ˵طͩʼתʱյδ
󷨵Ĳֻͩʱͩ󷨡
ʱֳͩҲȻ˴ǰ
ţͩöֳΪ׼ʩչӰ
дܹͩ˳֮⣬۲ŴսĽ
һɷȵۿҪεöࡣ
رͩ򷨹ľʩչһϳ˵ɷ˵ĲΡ
ţͩĿӾɽ֮еĴʩչʱûĴͨ
ʹͩɽ֮ȴ侳سǰս

ͩ侳ȴֲս漣״̬
ͩԼڵʱգսϵʱûغһ
ԣͩȻսȴΪ˫ʱγȵĲͬս֮ϵ˶ûзͩĴڡ
ʱմ֮
״̬֮£ֻͩǾع۲컹ԣǳֵĻֻͩһιĻᡣ
һΣʱûʱγغϵͻʧ
ΪͩĹѾŵת޸һĨʱתغϵ
ʵͩɲʩչһУΪͩԸĻͩڷʩչһС
ΪӪ֯ڲҲжսļͩѡʩչ
ͩóȫʢ״̬ͩͷͩƺš
ڴͬʱʮʱҲչֳ䱾
ͩʱҲڿǣǽʨۻˣ֪ѶأǸɴһѹʨۣٴμʵ
Ҫ漰⡣
ͩòؿһ¾

ȣʨ򵥵ѡΪһʱ֮һгԶ̹طͨʱⷢġ
һУҲ޷ɱһλ۷ۣԻ˶Է֪Ѷˡ
һʱǰװ׼ˡ
Ϊɱ׷ĶɲһĴ󣬻ȫǿߵע⡣ͩһ֮󣬾Ͳò˵ء
һֻǻʨҲȷʵԵЩ˷ѱ顣
ԣͩڣҪôҪ͸ɴ㣬һٽʨۡ
֮ǰʱ۵ȼλǰⷽİʾ
ƺʨۣҪϵһ
ͩҲ²⵽һЩĻͩҪɵʨ۵͸
ΣͩҪǵľʨ̤۷ۣΪʵﵽ۷۵Ķˣһ컨ˡ
Ǹε۷жǿͩҲ޷ȣȻҲûоԵİճʨۡ
ͩ¶Ҫʨ۵Ļ²ֻһܽˣʱͩòˡ

һȣôû뵽أֲǹһˡͩЦЦս֮ϵλս
ͩͨ˷ϵλս
Ѿ׼ˣҪǵϣǵܼ򵥣ȰγΧӵȻǱһ֣Ҳʨܵ
Ϸģ޵󣬱ΧֵľλͬʱӦ
ͩһȫۣȻһԵʱ
ɱıţͩڵɽΪģʼȫӡ
ڴͬʱƺ΢΢ҫȫ硣
֮ǿ߱ˡ
⣬ǡ
󣡡
ôĶ󾿾ʲô
ʶǿǵۡ
˽ʵλ۷۾ڻ֮н̸š
ûдϢȻΪһԪĵһţĻʵȻôֲĵơ۾е
һͽǲһŵƣĶսҲδ󳬼Цеس޵

ҪץˣҲѵ¶ֻЦݡ
ڱ߾ŵλ۷̧ۣͷһ𾪵ؿԶ
ãˣ۷۶Ӧ˹
ڲλۣʱҪ츫ûа취Ϊ
ԣҪԮҲûа취֡
ļλ۷Ҳʱرֳ𾪡ȻԼֻı顣
ı֣ĳ̶ֳϣƲԼĸϵΪӦ侲Ļɡ
巽֮ѵıֻǱһЩֻؿŰۣûֱԿڷ̡
Ϊʱ۷ǿ϶ʮץ񣬱ۿɲΪºйŭĶ£ҲûбҪ鷳
עս˵ǲ͹۵ġ
֯Ǹӵɱ֯ˣȻǿǳȻǵʵǿɱѹ̣ҲҲòˡһλ۷˵
༸λͬ۷Ҳòʾͬ
Ժ֯ʱ򣬲ȡʲôĴʩ̬ȣһλ۷۾鿪ʵ


570  ѹʨ
һӵɱѹ̣ǿսĳһֻ֯ҪûͻǾûбҪȥǡһλ۷˵
ͬģҲõӦĴ𰸡
֮УǾŴ󳬼֮⣬ǿ֯ʵ֮£ڶһҲûʲô
̫ˣĵزǿ½Ѿܺķˣ˵ûͻ£ȥһ֯
һڵ³һ֪֯ʰˡ
õĳȻ˵زǶ˳ձԸ߰Ϊߵ壬ľԭͶ屨һĶС
彮֮ڵλ۷ۣʴ۵һ˳˺ռ͸ǰߡ
ǣҪˣ۷ۣһͷһͷҲҪһЩʱġ
ֻǶ̶̵һʱ
˵ʱûģһ˵ͼûʲô𣬸˵һʱˡ
ɾһ̣һʱʴ۵ǰȴоޱȵ
ʴƴȥԮ
û˱ЩƿߣϤɱܡ
ΪǳԿԪ֮ĵơ

ʨ۵Ķͬܿ죬⶯һ֣ͷҪ·
ǣ߸սȻ֮ӷΪߵδС
޵ɱһ㣬ҪֵˣҲǱȼ˵һ߶ѡ
ʨ۱Ͼ۷ۣߵȻҲãֻסʮϢѡ
Ҳ㹻ˡ
Ȼ֮䣬һ׳ı֣֮ݺݵʨ۵ͷϡ
ӰʨҲҵһͷۻ
˵֮ǲܳͷۻ֢״ȷʵ֢״
ʱմİ֮
һңڵʨͷϣʵϣֱ׷ݵʨ۳֮ǰķ֮ϡȻͷʨͻͷۻ֢״
ڴͬʱһҲʨۺòķ֮ɢˡ
ͩʱ˹ȥһʱתıԴ֮޸
ͩȻ֮ǰһ侳
ǲҪˣʱֳͩ޵ı
ңͩľʱմ
ԣ֮ԶͩȻԿԽʱղٿʱ

򣡡ʱǿ֮һҺһ̣ѹʱһͨϡ
ʮСǧѹǿʨֵ۷Ҳһִȫõĸо
⻹ֻСǧ磬ȵʱǧʱһʮǧʱգϣǴҲᱻֱ
Ҳʣ𣡡
ʨ۱仯壬Ӵı壬ȼ֮档
ȼյ
۷۵ȼգͩʶ
Ѫʨ۾ǿһУͩҲǽ߾ȫǿֵ
ҪȻѪʨͱٽͼˡ
ȼգԽȼգȡǿıʱ
ͬҲԽȫȼգȼգڶʱ֮ڣ屶ϵĿֲ
ʨ۾õĺһУˣ޷ֿʱѹ֮
ϧǵ͹ʮСǧ֮Ŀֲѹ֮
ʨ۷Ҫѹ֮ףֻҪѹ֮лӳȥ
ѲˣǾͻԴ۵³

˭㾿˭ʨ۷شеҲҪԼװɣ
Ϊִ̫٣ʨǱֱѹףĽǶȣȻ۲첻ȫ״
ͩʱһֱڳ£ʹóܣ˵Ķãһص֮УС硣
ͩĸ֮ˣʵͩ;ͷսѪʨභлὫǳ
ͩȴûôЩѪʨභǧֳǿʵǳǿƣûбֳֿɱ۷۵ľʵ
˭Ҳ벻һжͩΪ
Ϊʵ̫ˣ״ɱ֪ж١
˭ҲţͩӵϹɱ֮󣬻һ϶ɱͩһҲ޷߶һɱ
֮
ǵʱͳһʶɱֻڼԪ֮ϲܷȫڼԪ֮µϣҪϲܴ߶
ûлͩһ˳֡

ߣԶڸոճ彮Զƺʴۡ
ңʴŭһ
ûа취ҲЩҲ㰡ȥҲԣһսϡ۰˳û١
ԣֻҪ㲻ҡʴ۵ͷӦʧܱʧһ۷Ҫǿ
ʵڹȥܹϵһոոȥֱѹˣǿɾͺˡЦ
㣡ʴˣҲòȷʵ
Ҫˣһȥֱ뻢ڰ
Ҳ֪ǲǱ̫ˣ۷۳ŶΣˡ
ʴ۳һ£ǳ·صȥ
òȥԮҪ֪Ѿһλ۷ۣһλǾˡ
ҲûгصһЦӵġỳɴ߶ɱڱ
ڴͬʱҲȷʵԮģֻĲʴۣһԮߡ
еi
һߣͩĻУҲһi顣
ͩһЦһӱ㽫iΪҾ

ͩĶⱾԴɱʼˣͩľķѸٻָ֮С
ЩǴӱԴɱ֮зġ
ֻҪͩԪ֮ûкľô߶ɱͩ߶ʮΣ
ֻһΣҲֻһˡ
ڴ߶ɱ֮ͩһʱڵڡ
ս̫ΣˣӲΣǽ֮¡
ҲͩڴˣԶѹʨ۵ԭ֮һ
ʨ۸ȲҪĴ𰸣ͩԱϸĵز
ʨ۵Ȳش𣬶ķ֮Ҫѹȥˣһʧȥ֮ôˡ
Դʨ۽ԼȡĴԴ׼ȼˣȡ˸ǿ
ӵеϣʨ۵ʮ
Ȼſ֮ƣվǶʱѹ֮վˡ
湻ϣΪ۷ۣ֮䣬һߣԥͩ̾
Դ˼飬ԱԴ
Դһ۷۵ĸһԱˣʹ䱾ԴʧĿ޻һӴԺٲ۷ۡ
Ҳ˵õģ۷۵ľϵõģ𣬷ʧΪһ

ǰ߻һЩٻܹۼķֻҪ»ص۷۵ľ磬Ѷ԰ٱơ
Ͼϣ
߾ͲˣٻؽĿܣ۷ֱߵ䵽һλ񣬿̾
صĺλ۷۶ܲˡ
֮£ߵļʸǰֻвƱļʲпϡ
е۷ԸҲԸΪ
ʨΪӳȥȻԴóˡ
ҪεȵĴġ֣
Щۣʡ͵ĵƣ£Ͼ˿ˮ
һҲԣܹ֧һ۷ۣĸǼ֮
ЩǿߣΪһλľǻҲһСչΪǿ
ԣͩΪֻ˵ĵ˲Ǻõˡ
ϧʱ֮£ǼԪ֮ҪѳҲһƤпܡͩ̾
Ҫˣͩɲǵɰ벽޵ͩ
ͩǴڵڶԲİ벽ɣӵһǧ˰֮࣡
ۺĵУһӳʱ֮ϣӳͬᱶ

ߣҪѣԲͩһӴʱ
ڵмӳ֮£ʱһࡣ
Ӵѹһνʨ۸ѹȥ
⣬⣬ôܣԲܣʨ۾𾪵غ
Ҫ֪ȼĻϣñԴʮ֮డ
۷ۣĴܡʮǸʲô
ͩҲӲ״̬֮µʨۡ
״̬֮µʨۣҪôһɱӴӱؽѹҪôֱӶʱ·
ҪܵԽԽãΪ״̬֮µĵܣ̫ײˡ
һɱ۷۵һĿ̶ֲȡ
ֻǱԴʹȱݾǳʱȼҪ̵öࡣ
ȼ廹ɿСԽӴԽۺȻʱԽ
Դĳʱ䲻˶죬ֻʮϢ
ʮϢ֮λ۷жôײУҲ᳹ΪҲ᳹ʧȥ
ͩҲȷʵʨ۾Ȼܹ濸ʮСǧѹ֮վ
ͩƽһΡ

һϿ۷ȷʵڴ֮ơ
ʨʱҲżˣΪԴֻʮϢʱѣʱ֮޷ѹ֮ˡ
ʱ˴Ӧ֮£ʨ˵ǻʱѹӳ졣
ǣʨԼ̫ˣֻһˣں棬׼βġҾЩǰߣҲȲʸֵģֻ۷ۡ
۷۵ĺսޣҲֻܸһ£޷ֱӰʨ
Ϊսֻп۷۵ȴû۷۵ľ硣
ֶһЩֶοԱ屶ʮǾȴСôҲûа취ȥ
ͺñʨڱʮĿֲΣ
ʮϢʱգ֮͹ȥˡ
ʨֻܴһҲʰ
䣬ǱĿֲͻȻ©һһӾ
Ȼʱѹ֮ѹģʶѹˣ˳˯״̬
գͩʱһͨ
ʨ۱뱦֮ڣѹȻͩ¯ռ䣬
ձҪ׳ʨۣҲҪʱġ


571  
Դʱһʨ۹Ȼ۷۵һۣǷǳˣûֱӵ䵽λĲΡ
ӰЧҲȻڡ
ҲʹͩҪҪһʱ䡣
ͩɽȰ֮У벻ʨʩչԴ֮󣬻ܹӰ壬湻˵ġ
ʵܹʨۣͩҲôΪͩµն
ֻҪʨû䣬ôͲòǿǰԮֻһϣһ壬Ҳǰ
ʴҲȷʵʱ֮Ȼս֮⣬Զ֮Զ۲սơ
ɱѾʧ˺ܾãʴҲǹײ
ҪһûоȵˣԼȥˡ
ʴ۾ḻײϵ
ʴ۷ֳһǰս۲սϵһж
ս֮ϣޱȵذ˴Լ˷ӽ硣
ֽרŷֹͨߵ֮õġ
ֻҪһ磬̾ͻᱻ
ͩʱûջأǽռ䣬ȴš

ôʴ۶Զսһ֮أս֮ϵһ顣ȴûзʨ۵Ӱ
һУʧ٣ʴ۳ɲҪԮĿʧˣȻѾ׶༪٣ڸأ
ʴͨ忪⼼缯˱λ۷顣
ʨʧˣǰսӰǸôӦԴ¡ʴۿ˵
༸λ۷۳Ĭһζʲôڳλܹ²⵽
ʴȻɣʨȻ׶༪٣Ҫ֮ѡһ˽ػ츫˵ſѪʨۡۡӥۺ;ͷ˵
һµĵˣڰȴǱҪѶԸǴ˵
ⳡսǿʤ⣬ֻǰһߵ̾⣬ִƻʱжΪҪʱϢҰе֯һϢ
ðɣˣڱɡ˭޳ִƻʴε̾

ΪȺİΣǣֻзΧص֯֡޳ɵ
ֻҪǻָԪǿסĴУΧԷʱ踺أΪԽܡѪʨҲͬ
Ҫִƻ𣿡ӥ۲ĵʵ
νƻһֱչߣ۳һţһⲿǿС
ϾҲǳһһûĸĿŵȥǡ
ִֻƻķչٶȻ˶½
һǿķչ벻ϵţŽʵֻܷղǰڲìܲϼչͣͣһ˶Ҳ˵
Ҫ֪֧壬ЩͬڲìܣҪ֮еĹ塢֮ڲìܻҪ̡٣ȫ壬ֻǷɫ죬ǴͬġĲ֧ͬ壬ˮεĺϷɵģܹͬ
һìܣһìܡ

ìȻСֻҪǲɲݵľ档ϲҲڲֶҡ
˵ˣìܿתƣŷչơ
ڷҪչȻػָԪ˭ָ֪Ԫ֮ƻֱᷢ仯˭ܹԤϵδ
Ϊʧλ۷ۣʹȺҲʱòˣҪ㹻۷۲ſԡ
ûطϣ츫Ҫϵ۷۲ܴ߶
ΪԭȲлǿߡ
ƻһȷַͨʼлر֮жǿߡ
ʴҲԭжʱˡֱͨͻصĽ
ڴͬʱפһŻصİԼפǳսӥҲַͨʽص彮
ϵǿߣյȺٻأͨ͵ֶΣܿͻصȺ
ϵǣҲһ롣
Ŀʼˡ
еΧ

ŵȷӦģֿ̳ʼ£
ͩõϢ֮󣬿Цһջʱһص꣬Ҳ͵ֶΣصǡ
ڲļλ۷ۣԼͬΪͩĿʾϲͬʱͩλ۷۵Ĺ׸˸߶ȵĿ϶
ɵòޣ
ܺã̫ˡ
ȻʼˣǸöһʱˡ
ȹ˵
û֯ϵĸӹǰеĸӹȻĳֻˡţҲԸ⿴顣г˵
ãһжָӾͽˣࡣȡָԪ֮ǰɹ˾ЦǺǵ˵
ǿϧʴûǿϧˡͩ̾ԭҪٴһ۷۵ġ
ˣʴⲣ˫ʵ´ҪѶȲС۵
ܹʨ͵ͽѾѵˣҪ̫̰ˡ׻˵

֮ͩ£֯Ľȴ
ΪⳡսʤѾˣӹĸС֯һһ
һսһ꣡
£ųϵĸӹ֯µĸõ˳ķչͽ
սѾᣬǷսڳ
֯ȼڰҲ
һδܻ֮õ֮У˳ϣ鱨ļ֧㣬ʹ鱨ܾ޴ʧ鱨ûһ
رڲ鱨˴̱
˾˲ٳ˼顣
һ飬üһǴĿġ
ŵʮͷر֮󣬲Ȼŭ
Դӣʼڲϴڼ顣
ЩΪϧȺİ࣬塢Ŷǣȥ
ϴ壬ʮ塣
ڴ֮µļ塢ʤ
ҲΪܼǣϴ˼

⻹ֻϵϴ֯͸ˡ
ϴ֮ڲĶɨ˽˳ɡ
ݺڲСǿ־쳣˸ҳȺڲϢ
һεĸ߲жҲ̬ȡ
ǾǣڲͻǿԲܣϾон˭ҳ⣬壬Ⱥ棬ôжǿȺϴ
ӣһֱȻȫ³Բ⡣
ڣڳȺļϾΪǳΪ࣬ĸȺΪ
ϴļͬļ
Ŵ˴ϴ֮ɾܶࡣ
ȺŽӵϴ󱨸֮
ȻǴĿġ
ߣЩ쵰˵İǣӦȫϴ۷ŭغ
ˣȺ̫ˣЩֻҪϴ˱ǡȸ۵˵ϴǰҲͬйϰ߾ͺˡ
ͺǼһ֮һ󣬿ǹʱֲɱʱˡҡͷ˵

ͩǵһξ飬ȻҪԴһЩ
ͩЩԼЩФ竺ҰĲ֮ǲҲ˴󵨡
һοҪúõϴһ¼֮еİࡣ
Ϊ˱֤ĸɾϴҪÿһʱͽһκˡ
ͩȺ󱲶ӯаŮԲ̹յĳ֮
ͩ߶ȣνƶֻҪһĵߣûʲô̵ġ
˵ͩҲͬѪȣУųơѪޡԶˡ
֯ʧһ콫ͩЧǳ֮á
һУ֯һνɢ
ͩ˴֮ڣڴս֮콫ǣһһ
ԭķǣֻҪڷ֮ڣûб𣬾Ϳи
ֻǸʱȻͱȽϳˡ
ΪԷͨʹ֯ߡ
ͩɴཫܻʨֶͨ׼񣬵Դ
õ˳䣬ϴ֮мȡ֮ս콫콫Ǹ˹

콫ĸ֤ʵ˷ǿҲ֤ʵǵĲ֮
˲֮պ˵ԽӴԪ֮ѡ
һս֮֯Χӹ֮һλΪ㣬ʧǱ밵С
ֻϵʮ߼ѡ
˭ܿʮ߼ʵϸһռӡİǵ֯Ǿɵˡ
ʮ߼ȫҲ˲֯ĸ
ֻҪ˽֯սԣͿԿó֯ǿǿֲսֱͿԱⳬĳսΪһλ۷ۡ
ײеİ֯˭ȥ
ҲֻŻûµȥôһֲ֯
ȫ涼ˣһܿ䡣
һ֯ʵȻȫǰʮĴڡ
ûͻͻ£ǳҲ֯ӡ
ٲû£ǡ
Ϊ̫֯ˡ
պĺս޶ôܣ֯ɱһԴ߶ɱķǳһ˲


572  ټ
޵۹֮ͩУһ˺þãͻȻ֮䣬ŵͩһΪһģһ֣ͩϸܹӰʵһһʵ
ʵ֮䣬ڲͣתӰʵӰ飬쳣
ʱմһʮֺʵ
ֹãͩŴ붨֮оһܿ
ܺãˣ֤ݷ̤ˡͩ
ټ꣬ټ갡벻ڶټʱ䡣ȻȷʵҪΪʱ䡣ͩ̾Ҫ֪дָмѰȥ䣬ûдָ۷͸ˡ
ѹ֣巽۳ôãҲֻǴڵڶĽ׶Ρ
ֻͩ꣬ͳɹڶԲľ磬֮ˡ
ͩնɱʨۣ֮Ѿȥꡣ
ͩû뿪޵۹һǳ
ȻЩͩҲһʱһ檡
ӹõҲѵң

ͩһԴӳΪ֮󣬾ûΪǵǱޣеΪǱûСҪͩİ֮оų϶ܳΪ
ԣ֮󣬹һ檾ͳе£ͩ㹻ʱȥط¡
˵ܹͩڶ̶֮ڶԲһУһ檹û
ԣͩԴӳɵҲû檡
ԼһҲһͬʣмӣػ
ڳˡҲûг۹ˡϾͨռ
˵ˣ֪֮Ϊʵ׳¡
ǽЩϢóһͩ
ͩÿαչأ綼Ὺʼ¼һЩ£ȵ֮ͩٽ
ͩһɨص˵ͷ
ҵķչ
ϼѾΪʵɵһҡ
֮Уǿ߳ʮλҲ˵ﵽ˵˥ʮλϡ
㲻̫࣬Ϊ۷ļ¼ǿ߳ʮλ֮࣡
˥ٵۼǿߣﵽϣ

ֲ֣ǿҲʮλҶѡ
Ӳ֤ˣɵ֮ѣɵ֮ٶȡ
һ徹Ȼλϵۣ¼ƵϿǰˡ
λϵۣͬǰ
һӳڣҲûôֲġ
ͩ̾һ֮ȻѰ
ſȥڵĽʮ½ɳͬˣŴУǧǧˡ
λʮλͬ屶λʮλ
۷۵ʮλ
λǺ巽ͬһʱΪ۵ǿߣЩǿ߾ʱĻۣñԴɹͻΪ۷ۡ
λ۷ֱǣǬԪۺۡ
۷պ϶ԽԽࡣ
λʱﵽʮĳ̶ȡ
֯ѹ꣬ûκα䶯ǰаܱߵĸɳȥˣЩ˳ĽҲѷɫˡ
ֻ۷ۼսȻȱ١

λ۷֮ͩ͸ˣΪ۱֣СһԺܶʱȺҪ۷۳һ²
Ҳͩ˸ʱȥ
֯Щķչ콫ȫλֻλۻûв롣
λףӦ۷ۡ
Ҳ˵ʮλλ֮У˭ܹƵ۷۵ļʸΪۡ
ʹˣ֯ʵҲСӡ
֯شѹеʱϧɳֽĽ֮ڣŻɱš
ΪԭԪȻûлָ
Ԫ˵ȻǳķչٶѾΪĩβչΪ
ķչٶȾˣƿֲ
ǣûа취࿹⡣
ҲѹķչֻһֱûйݵѹơΪ֯ǰҲ̫ݡ
˫شѹ֮£Ĵѡ
ͩڼǿֵһµӣų˵۹ȥ

ͩ˶ۡ
ףѵðټûұˣһ²ұк£ۿʵ
ǺǣһţĻᡣͩЦе˵
ɿˣţǱ֮Ψһһɱǿߣÿ˽ֻһλᣬʧ˾ûһˡʵ
ţ֮Ψһһɱ
ɱ죬һֻڱ֮С
Ȼй涨ֻҪﵽλĲξһλȥҲһҲҪɱһġ
ͩЩɱ۲٣õĶɱҲ٣ԣͩȱɱ㡣
⣬һΪԽԽռˡ۵λ۶Թʧˡ
ԣţĿǰΪֹҲûб
Ȱôﵽ֮ȥۿ˵
ûϵɱԵߵ֮ˣҵԵֲˣǿҲнͩҡͷ˵
ͩɱϲöģţķףòͩϵơ

ðɣɡվͩȥţĶ⡣
ţɱһԪһż֮пһֱţûзȺ֮С
ΪȺ޽֮С֮С
֮ͩԲȵ֮Ϊֻ̼ܹ֤ͩݷ
ִ̼ǳͬʱҲǳͺͶһ
ÿһλڶԲİ벽޶ܹ˳֤ݷġ
ԣԶ֮֮Уַǰҵ
˵ºԸͨԸ֮Ĵ̼֤ݷ
оͨ׼ͨȵȷࡣ
ͩڡ䡷֮пһǳȥһɱ
һɹɱɲǣͻʹõڶԲİ벽ʿü֤ݷ
ȻȻٺòˡ
һδɱ
ͩɴһԣɹ
ʵͩҲ̫żϾһԪȻڳɳ׶Σ۷׶ζûдﵽԣͩдѵʱԵȴ

۴ͩһر֮ڡ
ʵڳ֮Уѱų԰ȫ
رͬСϷŲ챦
۴˲رһҡ
棬ȥɡûнȥָű˵
ͩ˵ͷ̤˽ȥ
âһͩһţ֮Уϵһͷ׳ţ
ϸǿȥֵţʵͨɡ
ˣܹףţһȥĿ϶Ǵ˱顣
ͩ˿ܵľϳһ̫þ
ͩǰȥס̶סţͷ˫۳˫ۿȥ
ֻͩǰһͩ˾硣
ڿĲݵϣһͷţͩײ
ͩ˿ռ֮Уȫޣͺһͨһ㡣
һͷţͩչǻۺͼɣţײ
԰ѵȥͩɻ󲻽⣬Щò⡣
Ϊ²󣬾ʧճ
ɲͩ˼

ͩ۲ܻһĲݳռ䲢
Σɱ˼򵥡
ͩΣţһײ˹
ƴˣͩһûܣţݺݵһײ
̸ͩоʹҪͩײɢͬʹͩιȥ
ǿ־ʹͩûεʹ֮еĳһ䡣
ɵǳһ¾ĸ֡
һо֮
ƪͩԽ֮ǰϤòϤĵ¾ģڵͩȻ·𿴵ϴԻһ㣬״Դ
֮ʼ֮ĸ
ͩΪ⣬ѵţǵ̫ʥűɣ
壬֮ӯԨ֮ڡ
ͩҷģŬȥо壬ܹ١
زʣΪۻʥ˲ʣ԰Ϊۻ
оȻ̺ųѴ֮Ϸš
ԽԽģͩǳϤ¾ȫģʲô
ȻˣģȻо塣
һƬռ֮𣺡ȫģаһɣ

ȻȻ̫һıͩ𾪵̾
ͩ巨ţ̫һ̫ϸӦƪ˱ͩȷʵԵ
ͺһ㣬Ҫͩ壬Ҳò˱
ͬģ̫ͩϸӦƪŴ˷ŵֱľִܹ
´˿ģ壬ΪͩϤ¾ȫƪڶ
ֶӯ֮ѡ
֮ɳ

̫ϣ֪֮Σ׶֮Ση֮Σ֮
̫ͩϸӦƪŬƪĵİ塣
ֻ̺֮֮ϴ֮
̺ι֮Ϊ֮
֮Уǧڣң֮
ͩһʱ֮Ҳȡᡣ
ǴԵԵǰȡᣡ
ͩڴڵڶԲǰҪݷ֮Ȼǳ֮
ͩҲҿ϶νġһɸָȫһɣĳһһɸ
һ´ȻͲţ


573  ݷ
ͩҲ˱ǰɱ֮ݷ
ھĽ֮о̺ݷ֮ֻҪܹͩһ²ţҲˡ
ţȻϷɱͩʱҪΣ֮£ҲԶ֮С
ԣɱϣ̫ͩء
ܹһϷɱ˶֮ʱռݸƣǿ϶ġ
ʱԱУ෨Ŷʩչˡ
ţѾ档
һϵĿ顣
һ⽲֮ģ档
ͩҲ֪⽲֮Ϊʲôģ壬ֻ˶죿
Һãͩڵ֮г󣬸ֵϤúܡƪ¾ȻҲ⡣
ԣģ壬ڶУҲܹԲ
ˣڸް
ͩԱ൱߾ֻҪö֮ݣָӿͷͩ״̬֮С
⻷֮£⽲֮ķǳ⣬ȻܹѸٽ״̬

Ϊݷ
ͩһֱûŪס
ڡ䡷֮Ҳûκεؼأͺ˵˥һƮ죬Ԥ
Ϊÿ˵ĵвͬͬһҲһ
ͩΪʲôżҪ
Ϊʱմͩ۷ҲϾ̫ˣǿܹͩӴҲѡ
ԣ֮ľһٶȣ
˭ȵپ˭ʤߡ
зԿٽ׵ôܱȻѼʱȥҪõöɣ
˵õȵ֮ͩˮɵشﵽһλʱմǿߣһϵȥأ
֮һһ죬졣
˵巽۳ɵͩ˲֪꣬񻹴ڵڶδԲ
ͩȴһﵽԲľ磬ͩѾǿһ
ͩ巽ͬһִĻô巽۵ĵ;ŶϾΣա
ͬģͩͻƵһƿϼʮڼ֪꣬᲻ðһţһͩ·Ӹˣ

ͩ磬ʵġԼ·ñ·ߡ
ֻһ˭ռλ˭ġ
ʱմľԲֻͩһˣҳɵͩģֻͬһ
ԣͩڶԲһ£Ȳ׵
֪˶ãͩڶ״̬֮УȻݷ֮
ԴΪȻ֤ݷ
ͩʶȻ֮䱻һصĿռ䣬ޱ棬ͷһƬ硣
һޱ޼ʵĳӴͩ
ӣûҲûյ㡣
ͩʶԼȻĵһСС̲Ϳϡ
Ȼ֮䣬Ӳӿˮǡ
Ȼû֮ͩصơ
ڴͬʱͩΧͻȻǧŵ֡
˭ôͩʶʧȥҪļ䡣
ͩȴǵϵ֤ʹޡ
ϵҪ֣ͩǰ֣Щִ
ǧһ˴˵棬޳֮΢֮ˣǴ֮УΨһֱָĽݾ

ҲڶййѭӦˬ֤ô˵ԣ˵޹Ҳй˵Ҳͨޱ޼ʡ
ͩǰǧ֮ڣղܡ
ǧڴ˴ͩʧһоǰ
ͩһĴһֱֱͩҪȥץȡʱ򣬺Ȼܴ֮ԴӰ죬ʧ֮ѡ
ͩ޵벽޵Ĵʿͩն˫ʡͩʱȴ亹ֱհһʧ϶군ҺãͩǶɹ˵֮˥İ벽ޣļᶨܹѸٴʧ֮лָҡ
Ϊʱʿһ޷ָȻǰˡ
ɵʿһأռкܴƣ͸ᶨһȻܹʱ֮ڣָҡ
ʿһصʱ򣬿ɾΣյöˡ
ʿǵݷ֮ϡ
һضʿ˵ǳ֮ǰĹؿʮλ֮УһλҲȥ
ԣʿڵڶԲ֮󣬻ỨѸʱȥĥ־ˮɵȥݷ
ͩһðյֱǿ֤ݷ

ȻͩһңǰǧҲͻȻɿնΧͩתǰ档νɵǳ
ͩԺ֮Уһڲͣ˵Ÿִ塣ڲͣţҪɾʹǰĵ֣ÿһžܹϵ㳬ѼԪڣңѡ㻹ԥʲô
ͷ·һ㣬ͩᶨ־ǿĵҲͬɱرա
ͩϵĵİѳסԣᶨ֮ʱմ֮⣬᲻ȡ
䣬ǧǧŰپʮִ˲ʧ
ֻʱյ֣ݻʱհ塣
֤֮ӿͩʶ֮С
ͩĿɿڴЩ֤֮֮࣬ÿһʵУͩԸ⣬Щ֤֮ѡһ
ǰ֤֮ҲǰͩҲɱܵӰ졣
Щ֤֮ǰ֤֮ǳɹĵ䷶
ͩޱȣҲ벻ʱմ֤֮Ȼôࡣ
Ȼ֮䣬ͩʱմĲ񱮣֮һʮֺ֮ȷѵõĴָȴû¾֤šµõд񱮣ͬдָȱ˾֤š

ϵһͩЩˡ
Ҫץȡ֤ŵҲ˻
ΪʲôΪʲôļԪ֮ûǵ֤ţ
ѵΪ˽ģ
ⲻܣΪļԪ֮Խ࣬ҲԽԽǿ
ͩٿЩ֤ţ뵽Ϊʲô֤Żôࣿ
ַţֱ̫˼ˡ
ˣδ̫һ㡣ǴЩ֤ž͸Ź졣
ͩļʶԼÿһ֤϶ǰµ֤Щ֤ûһٵġ
Ǽٵģģ档
ôô෨ǴӺζأ
⻹öʣȻǰµġ
ͩȻ֮䣬ʲôʱմ֤޵ǰô࣬Ϊʲôȴûͬķţ
и˵ûκ֮
ͩǰ㷨ţȻ֮ˡݷĸ֡
ͩǰ֤ţӦþνġݷˡ
ʲô
ݷָʲô
β㴳ݷ
Ǵ֤֮ѡһʺԼ֤أһҲѡأ

صڡˡ
ֻˡֵĺ壬ܹ˽⵽ξ
Ϊ
ΪΪ
ͩڲϵѰԼԼġ
أֲͩȫ
Ȼ֮䣬ͩµĵ¾̫֮ϣ֪֮Σ׶֮Ση֮Σ֮
ͩʱ򵽣Ϊ
֮⣬
ǰǰ˵ĵҵĵǰ֮Ϊ֮֮ҲΪ֤֮֮·ǰˣҲںˣӣ
ͩһ֤ͬƬĿռһ𣬻ΪƬš
ͩ˼عڴͬʱ֮ϣһεļͩĽԸоһɺڡ
ͩľͻȻ֮һΣĿֲϣͬʱҲ
ԭݷǵͩϸظһǰĲͬ̾
ͩϵ˼һɣ̸ܵļ޺
һεϣһġ컨塱
ͩ˿̾ͺһխͰڰĵ֮УȴҪ򿪵ҵĳڣ߳ȥʵĿӵ

ﵽ۷ۣʸѼԪ֣ϵ
ʿеѵһأ֮һ
ɵеѣһѳ֮裬ѵ֮˥Ѻϵ֮Σ
ѣκһѣһʧܣ³
ͩʹ֮еһǰ
ֻҪͩԼ֤֮·ϵϰ͹ؿܹһеִϵ֤ʹ޵
³˫ͩɹݷ֮ʱţȻͩΪһƪġ¾ͩԪ֮С
Ϊġ¾
Ϊ¶澭һƪͩϤľܸ֮⣬озţ̫ʥһ洫ţ
ֻƪŲȫ޳ֻ֮޼ʮ޳֮·ƪʥ洫ţȴԴصȵ֤ͩʹ֮
ͩҵɷţʵ㲻ϳ˷ţԵ֤벽ޣȴһЩЩЩŵʿûһܹ˳ɹ֮˥

ͩ޵ġԪ屦䡷ħģ֤֮ǰ⴫
ƪ¶澭ǽûϳ洫ŵΡ
ʵҲûϳ˷ţ䡷Ҳһϳ˷š
ֻŹʺϽޡ޷С
ʵϣܹô޵ˣֻš
Ľޣὣ֮⣬ˣ֣רעڽԲɹ֮˥
ͩҲĸ󷨣ǡ䡷巨ŵĻҲڵ֮˥֮¡
ΪԣԲʺϵޡ
ԣĹѡ൱Ҫ
ƪµõġ¶澭úãýͩһ¡
ӿĵǣͩõһϷɱ
ţ
˱ȻΪףʵ󣬿ԸװݣǷﵽ99⻹һԷ׳ᣬӿٶȡ
ң˱ԻһͷͨţΪʹã
ͷǱͨԶϳɼ仯ɣͨţһģһ֪ϸʿ񲻵һͷȻһϷɱ


574  о֤
ͩӱ֮˳ճͿ˶۵⡣
ͩԶص˵ͷ
¶˾ȵı飬漴̾һ벻С˸ԵһıͿԱȫĵˡ
⻰Ȼпŵĳɷݣɱۣͩһ˾ƿֲ
Ҫ֪ĳҲֻһɱΪ
󳬼Ҳһ
Ȼⲻ˵ĳֻӵһɱı֮оղһţļ󳬼֮ҲδؾûɱֻǴҵ״࣬ûɱٶҲǷֻܿá
ڲãԺá
ͺţҲһˣһֱڱ֮ſңڲҲͩɹ
۴ͩ뿪˱⣬·˱ڡ
ףޣ֮ǰôе㲻һڹ˱֮ע⵽ͩ⡣
Ҫ֪ɹݷʿ֮ǰȫһġ
ǱϵĲͬûֱϵɱ䣬ôͲгѼԪʸ

۶ָо൱Ϥϸһ룬ⲻԼλϱ۷ʱĸо
㣬òɹشݷ˰ɣ۾ʵ
ңҡΪţĹϵɹ˳֤ݷͩһ˼ػش
ڵǳӣðƽϢ˵ͷȻ;ϲ㣬ޣ볬ѼԪֽһһԪĵһλԪ֮ˡһͬҲΣյһϣܹ佾꣬;
ͩҾ˵лģһĵġ
šοصͷ˵һļλ۶ǴתָǷչ֪Ⱥ֮ʱд󹦵£ֻΪתӡǲȫʧȥ˳ѼԪĿܡϸ˵һλ۷ۣ
ͩ˵ͷʾס
Ŵ󳬼֮Уϱ£Ĵֻۣвλѣ֮һڤԲڣ벻һˡ۸˵˵
ʲôһԪķչٶѾϵ󳬼
ǶԶλʵƶߵĿ϶
Ȼޱȡ

ͩ뿪˳صԼĵ۹֮С
ͩ¶澭һ֮Сˣѷ˽
ܿ죬ͩ鷿˵ˡ
µõһƪɵţԶ֮ϳ洫ţΪ幦Сȥһ°ɡ
ǣӹ
⣬Щ죬һǳȥ཮򣬺úõطһͩѹ뻳У˵
ݵͩֵʵ᲻ᵢ
ôأѾﵽ۷۵ĵֻʣһˡҵΪ޷ġͩЦЩǸңҲȷʵǣʱ䣬ʹǵ档
̫ˣҽһ¡ϲؽе

棬ɴ½
⻮һ½Ϊ֮һԵ㡣
ռ½ڽɽļɵһҡϼ壡
ֻɵǲʢ
½ɵʿ᲻Զ
ΪɷΧŨܹѧϵͳɵ֪ʶ

ϼȻЩ֪ʶȴṫڼ֮е洫
Щɵ֪ʶһЩ־ѡ˥ע⡣
½֮ϣһ֮⣬ɵ
ϼ֮У洫֣ÿһֱֶָ벽ޣϵϳ˷ֻС䡷
һļɣȻӵϽ֪ͨϽ紫һֱӴ洫ŹΪĵĹС
ʱһرĴ֮Уһöͳ
ʶһɨʱɫ࣬ϸƷζһš¶澭֮󣬲ɵôջ
Ϊҵļ洫ƷòϣۼȺ͹ȣŹԶ֮洫ֻС䡷ֻҪ۵ʺϳ̶ȣŹԶ䡷
Ͼֻеһ֣ÿһλʿʺϽ֮·ǡ¶澭ʺÿһλʿϰ
쳣Ĺɶһɢ޵ĳ嶯ˡ
ɽŹ洫֮У֪ͨеĳϺͺĵӡ
Ҷ֪һµ洫ţ֮£в˶һۿ

ͩҲ뿪ǣһˡ
ޱߣһ½ϵ澰в٣˵ʮ½ؾ
һһҪ൱һʱ䡣
ͩҲż
ʱ䣬ͩеǣе;УͩÿԽӴͬȻۣһ߷飬һ˼о֤š
ͩݷ֮ȻףҪ֤ѡֻҳԼ֤š
֮۷ۣҲнλ֮ࡣ
Ŵ󳬼һ۾֤ϣ֮⣬еѡ˴ĵ·ԽԽԶȻںϵ֮ϡе˼ѰԼ֤֮·
ǣһǰû·ԽÿһλֻܶԼʯͷӡ
ǰ·һƬڰͱڣֻһľſ԰Ȼ߹
ҵľţǲڡ
еĵܶֻ£ȹ
ֻһУΪ֤
ǰǼ
濪ںϵһϵ۷ۣûһҲаʮ
Ҫִ֪ĵܣһٶأ

Ҫ֪濪֮һЩ֣ЩĴܣѾ󲿷־ˡ
ΪʲôһΪ䣬󲿷ֶںϵؿɱ̾
ʱ۵ĵǣȥԺϵˡ
ͩҵ֤ţ߰˳ɵİ֮ǰҲȥԺϵ
ʱһΣǧ¹ȥˡ
ͩһصԼҵĵ۹֮С
ǧ꣬ͩˡ֮⣬Ϊûд֤һͷûС
ԣһеİΪ㡣
Ҳûһջͩ÷ϵĵеǴ
˿ͩ飬ʱմ϶ȸ̣͸ͩԸоʱմߡ
ͩȼģֻλ
⼸λͬڵ۷ۣͩڴ֮ϵľС
Ҫôͩҵȷ֤ǰϵռʱմ˺ϵʱմ·ӡҪôʹӸϳ׻ߡ
͸ʱմͩظоǵĴڣͬҲظоͩĴڡ

ʿݷ֮ǰԸ
һ̤֮Ҫǲܵˡ
ԣͬŴ֮
νƶͳޣûκοЭĲݵйϵ
ֻҪ˫ϣȻ
ֻ۷֮䣬˭ɱԷ򲻹ܿ
ԣ֮УǺĲݵĴ֮
˵ʱʿڴ֮ӡ
һǶ˵ʱĴ֮ӹƽҶʮϧŵϣ˭һϵ
ˣǣ̺ȥϴһ¡ص޵۹֮󣬿ĵؽе
ǣ㣨ˣŮͬ
ͩҲֵܡ
ڴʱͩȻӵ˿֪ͨǾͷС飬λᡣ
ֻһ㶼д·м·
ͩԼҵԡһ̺ϴԡһֳһʶȥᡣ
ռ䣬ᡣ
߻ң˿ˡ
ܹʮϯλ
мԲϯλʮλʮλ۷ۡ

Ҷˣڻ鿪ʼۿ˵ǽӵ׼ȷ鱨ǿһŴżѾĹͷ⡣
ʲô⣿ǬԪۺʵ
֮У˼λƹ鱨ŵ֪Ļ֮⣬۽һɻ
żڣȻһͨؾۻش
νͨؾָڲֻһؾ
һؾڲ϶С
ĸؾʵ
һʮؾ޴ύһλں׵ؾζؿͩ
ͩһ£ȵؿʵǰɣǸؾδ֮ǰύģҲˣڲſꣿ
ΪˣؾŸãʵϣǵջȷʵ٣Կ϶ǣ⴦ؾӦ֮ʱڵһܲڣΧֲĽƺ塣ճ˼ţԿȲ졣ۻش
ҶˣȻ֪ؾҪԣ˵ı֮УɱıС
Ͼ֮ʱڣɱ൱ڵϵɱһȻ̸ռҲԲ١

ԽǸʱڵżԽǱ
棬Ҳõġ
ôһҪڶʳģЩۿʵ
߸۵˵
࣬߸ʵ
īԼɾ塢ƽ塢Ԫػ塣ۻش
˶üͷЩûһʡ͵ĵơ
ǰĸö˵ˣһųǿżһͷۡϼۣΪ壬ҪΪϡ٣ŽΪԭʼĲĻҲͬǿīᲢ۵ǿ塣
ǰĸѲ
Ҫǣ߸۷ǿû۷Ҳؿˡ
۷֮еһλȥ㹻ѹƵˡ
ȻֻǾü֣Ǻ¡
ʵǰ˽һ
ݵڣĲ߸Ͼ߸ΪС


575  ˷ᱦ
ΣؾٶſģڽҪɹ֮ʣó̾վ˵
⻰Ҳõ󲿷۵ͬϾ˺ܴһ򣬺ʱֺؿؾѵΪ߸Ľһ벻ɣֺ£
ͨҲͰˣʵãߴѹֻűˡǳ֮һ֮ŵϺŵĶôѹĶ
ʵϣߴȻؾصᣬҲ̫ݡ
һ̸еĽ׶Σûһʹ֡
Ҳóһ³
ҵΪӦÿն飬ǿƣ֪Ѷˡһλ۷
˵úɱİôǰô׾˵ģ˷
¼򵥣ǲʹǣеģɱ档ͻȻ֮䣬һɱڵ

⻰˰Ŀת˵ˣ۷µλزһ¡
һλɲһˣԺյѪޣϵ۸֣֪λүľͷ֮һ
ЦˣЦúܿģͷӦãȻϳ֣Ǿٺòˡˣ¾ͽ
ǸıˣǾҪñ׼ɲʲôôõθڡ۵˵ͷ˵
ҲãһսĹģӦòСҵ㼸ҪСһһȥͩŶʵ
ԣ¡۵ͷӦͩ˼һλһСˣͩԸҵǿ߳ҲãҵϰɵǿҪùһЩϰǿǵʧ
Щϰɵۣɲ˥Ҫ˼ʮͻ䡣
Щҵһд£϶ҵ۴ǰ棬رǳս֮ϣ˽ʮλ۳սܹʿһܹ֮£

ֳͩ㽫Ȼ뿪˻׼ˡ
ⱻͩ㵽ʮλĽҲٶȸϵǵĳſڵȴͩĵ
ͩһ߳ǡ
ڣڳʮλĽɣȫϺᣬͩǵڡ
׼𣿡ͩ˵ͷʵ
һ׼ش
ߣͩͷǰ·ֱӴ½ĿռͨһĽ½ȥˡ
һһʮؾһؾԭֻһλλ򣬿ߴͻȻ㣬һλλסӵġ
ԣͩˡ
ԭ⴦ؾλڹͩʺ֮󣬾ͽͷ齻ҵһλĽۣȻȺĵ뿪ˡ
λĽԭҲιҵһμڹó
۽֮󣬺ܿ˾ơ
ڸ̸еһλǿͷɵ̸飬ߴڽмҵ̸С
ʵν̸УǸǰشؾλõĻ֮ơ
ĿģȻȡʱ䣬ȴȺԮ
λۿü׼ν̸иûãʵ˵һССĳ۲ֲεǾȺҲó۲۴ս

ֲССǿ߶ϣȱɳ۲۴ս
ԣλߵ÷ǳɴࡣ
⴦ؾӪô꣬޽˲ٽפйȻȱ١
й֮УͩλʮλĽɷߡ
ۻ㱨ڣѾ鵽ˣһߴһλ۷ۣʮλλ񡣸ʵࡣ
ͩ˵ͷʵôżıƽ⹤еôˣ
ΪߴĲ֣Ѿͣż⻹ǵĿ֮£ߴûǿᡣۿڻش
٣ǲᣬǸǣ֮£ñͷУҲܲͩƲƲ˵һθ۷۶ļλ
鱨ŵĻܣīīۣۣǻۣȴЩ½аçۡ⣬бɾ̩̹ۣƽıɴۣԪػۡç֮⣬Ǵﵽڶ۷ۡһһ㱨
٣ǵ񰡣ôĸ߽ۣȻֶһλ۷ۡͩһ˵

ӣ콫ԼǧһҶȣҪԺ̸ͩˣ磬һɾ䡣
ǣڡۻش
Ҳȥ׼һ£˵ͻһսͩһ˵
磬ߴյͩӡ
īפأռݵؾڲԶͬģҲǲ
ӵͩӣī۵ټеǿǰ¡
µӣҵ쵽޴ۡīۿ˵
޴ۣ֣īļλǿ߲Լͬ⣬г
ǸѪޡīҲΪɵȻͩôǵֶͩԸеۡ
īɱȲóȺ֮УЩķչλҲûгʮɵľ֮һˡ
īȴòˣΪīķչǱѾﵽޣǲţȺдīȴ󳬼ѹţп˵
һط⴦ؾ˽⵽ؾϸ֮סҪ֪˭Ҳұ֤Ǵؾ֮ûɱı

Ȼлڶʳ֮գ漰ʵ̫ɲīġ
īҲûʲô̫Ľ飬Ϊ棬ʲôģ
Σҵߴѹǰٶȫ棬ΣҲҪһ
˴֮УҷʵȻͣҷǱΪ׵Ҫ̸£ĻҲԱΪ
Ȼп˴ؾͷ˭ȵ͹˭ģ߷㣬һǿ϶ģҪǲܵġп׳һ߷ᣬϹۡ
߷֮УʵǿǼִѹ壬ֵ֮߳ķ֮ᡣУʵԱһЩǿϾȰҲ֣߳϶ֺӪͬѾ֣߳뾫ĹڣǿҪһЩô档ȻõĽ֣б٣Ҫһһˡīһλ˫˸ž⣬ͣš

פأͬҲյӣçҲټ˴ҹͬۡ
޴ۣҲɲçҲǴӸ߽۽ãͩᣬ߷֮ͩڵһ
ʮλи߽ۣԼͬسĬ
һս֮ʧأٶ꣬ȻûлָŴ۷ʱԪ
ϸ˵ԪԶԶûеָʱ
ôʱ䣬һֱڱչٹ֮¡Ϊ׵һҲܵشѷ׷ˣӰȻڣûĸѹʵϣһֹĸоٲǰָֻʱͰˡ
ҪǣЩܵѹƣѾٶûˡ
ⲿһǿУʱɧķչ
鱨ǳһؾ帹֮ڣҲײ

һģҪҲܵͷ񣬷Ѫ޳֣Ȼˣʵֲ̫ˡһλ˵
ºѰ޴淴ӳ̬ȣһǲЭģõų۷ۻǬԪλпг֣ƫƫȴٶ겻ֹ޴ۣһλ˵ܹ۵飬Ǳ
ҾͲһ߲ɣһλ۲ʮֲˬغ

֮⣬ͬͩĴڣʮּɵΪͩǴʵʵսģõ˵Ѫ̾ͳġ
Ҳֻ岻ͩ£ΪǶǵ츳ʵоԵţŵԸĳ̶ȡ
ǿȺ̫ϡ٣ļ󳬼ȫǵ
Խԡ
Ϊصĳͨ츳Ⱥ

Ԫػһ壬ƿԪ꼴ƿط򣬸ܹһ¾ܹΪλߣΪλ񲢲̫ѡ
Ԫػһ壬۷λλʮλ
Ⱥ̫ˣȺֻҡֻλ۷ۣҪƵĵ̫Сˣλ۷ۼһûмȥǡ
ңǵǿߣձͬǿҪǿöࡣ
ѲǿȺ٣Ҫĵ̾Сʵڿ¡
ɾͻƽҲǲȺ֮иλ۷ۣҲȺϡ٣Ƶĵ̲࣬ʵһ
ͺһҪ֯ҲκεˣƵĵ̼Ҳʮ֮һ
īɳһλ۷ΣҪչòա
壬ɳһλ۷ʮλλռȺʵķ֮һ֮һȴû˿ѹ
˵ˣ˵ʧˣ˲˸īʧ֣ǿȺˡ


576  Ҷ
Զűصľ޴ջû˿Եֵ߷Э
ڶ죬ͩһϵ˺ҶȣƬޱȣû壬ÿԷſֽš
ͩںҶԶһɽڣٳһСƽ̨
ߴҲ½ҲѧΧɽ֮Ͽһƽ̨ܿ˴ɽȻš
ͩǰ棬վʮλĽɡ
ֱͩ߿ʼֱīīۡۡĻۡçۡɾ̩̹ۡƽıɴۡԪػۡ
λۣŮ
λˣĳλˡͩҾ˵ֻȴûж
޴룬ҵ᲻ӡī۵̬ŵýϵͣЦǺǵظ͵
֪޴۰ҵȽкָ̣ç۵ܲһֱ⡣
ϣߴǶġ
ԣçۿһʩѹǾ͸ˡ

һҪ˵һؾķ˲֪ģ൱޴һҪժӣǾԲܵġֱͩӰ˵˳
ʧǿԲçһ˵
ç۵˼ĶûĸԸģҲռ
Ҳǳ֮һҲüɻһ²ǣ
Цͩһ˵
޴۵˼ǣۿʵöͷ·𳪸һ
ţȣⱦ֮еĶۼֵΣҪռһ룡ûɣͩ˵
һ룿θҲ̫˰ɣһռһ룬߼ҷʣµһ룬ôܣç۴ʵ
Ҳɫϸ˼֮С
˵ʵڵģҪʵݣϾժӵģ˼˼ҵĶܹóһҲϺˡ
ȻҶռݶҲ̫ݡ
ͩ˫һɣضçۣ˵ڴ֮ǰĳҪһЩ˵ûɣ

ڳ˶Լͬ¶ֻ񣬵ſϷͬҡͷûû
ϣɱǣͩһ֣óţͷƣʱԿȫ؃
ǣҵʮλĽɣ˵ټһȥ
çҲ벻ͩķӦ˼ңֱӾͿ
۷۶۷ۣλλ
ǿߺǿߣ׽ɱ
ûв֣һĬĬ۲˫ʵԱһ¼ʵࡣ
οܹع۲һ´Ѫޣжǿ
çȻϲͩͻȻ֮ͷҲӦȫװͩ
ͩ嵽çǰֱֱһ¡
çֳӴѹŰսףһ˫ǰצһͬ޴İ²
ְ²ᵲͩһ
çȻСͩѰһ
Ӵͱõ˳ȥ
ͩ߶çʮߴ
ͺһֻӰһͷһӾЧ˷˵

֮Уǿ֣ǸӸߴһǿ
çȴеظܵ޴ѹֻǶһܹõɳȥͣΡ
һʱ֮䣬εѹѹç
ɶ񣬷죡çŭȵ۷֮ط
çеİ²϶ΪһΪһӰͩ
ͩɫ糣ɫվԭأһӲçһ׶ûм
һͩõײֹסΣʵϵ˺ͩʮаˡ
ͩϵĿţϷɱûмɱıҲƷĶɱ
ټͩĵ֮ʱѹܹʮ㲻ˡ
ת֮䣬ͩʮоͻָ˹
ͩĵж֮ޣʮʲô
çĿɿڴŵؿź˵ͩͩͷȥգ֮ͻָˡ
ôܣç۴ʵ
ôܣսλ۷ﲻԼͬʡ

ʣԼçһطܲɣ
ֻԼ֪
λս۷ۿͩҲ˼ּɵ𾴡
磬˵˾ǿΪ磬ǿǻܵ𾴣ǲɷϵʵ
çۼԼþȫҲ˲ֺܴͩһʱ֮˼άЩҡ
ͩҪЧ
çۣղűһֵҲӱһͩȵڱȶӦһС
çҧҧĽԼôͬǰҲ˵Լ޴һжҽӰɣ
ĻôԼĶˣ֮ȫ涼贫ˣç۸ųһ۷֮ܡ
çԼҲӰɱ֮ԼӴ壬ͩһжӲ¡
˵ϻ־㵽סçۺʾ˵
ãʹ죬һУٽͼͩˬشе
ç۲˿⣬ȫ߶ɱʹó˼ŷطӳ
çۿͿͩϣһٽͼǿСӣ

ޱ䣬ʮ쳾ָ·ֻأ潣ָᣡͩ˲ϢӳĽɱֽб仯
˲佫çԭء
ͼͩһȥһͼçͼС
ںϡٽͼͩʱûгΪûбҪ
֮ͩһһĪܣٽͼһУǰƣǿ
ͩһսλĽ֮ս
ǵսɲͩһɣҲǸոտʼѾҪʤ²Ƕʱܹ쵽ġ
Ӿһռơ
ϾĽɷͬ죬ǸǸ߽׼ۡ
ͩûвһս˼ʱ䣬ҲܹçƷ֮ǰﾡʮλ۸֡
ͩȴûôһҵЩĽĥ£Ͼ֮ɱࡣ
ǳϲʣȻ棬ԴСĿɲֻͩ
ͩҲòܻһ£ҲҪȵ˴ӵç֮˳ڳ

һʱȥٽͼľɢ
һԶݶȥһͣ˼ûС
çĶݹ⡣
Ϊ⴦ؾ⣬۷Ҳ޷ֱ˺ռ䴫ͳȥֻͨڽ
çҪľӻפأȻӳڻص彮֮ȥ
çҲ벻޴۾Ȼ˿£һܹ֮һȫʢ۷۴ɰ֮òܡ
ûдç۱ͩһٽͼ52壬ʧ룬ʵ½ȫʢʱһɡ
ç֮󣬶˵ȼ廻ȡȫʢʱƴӶݡçԼ¶˲ˣֱ˵ˡ
һĻĿɿڴа룺ʲô֮ࣿ̿˾ơ
ç׵Ķӣ˶˲ˡ
Ҳ˵ͩһͽç۴ǲòӣʵ˶Ϊ֮Ŀ
ܣô׵°ĵ̣߾ߵģͩɱڵشȵ
ɱͩçۣȫһ̳
˽һͩգۼԽ˿ռļһçۡ
ȻһȻɱçֹֻۣç۵ܡ

ٽͩ޶ȵؼɱգ֮ӳٽǧ
Ȼÿһܹç۰ٷ֮һ˺
һϢٽǧ˺Ҳ൱ֲġ
Ƿٽͩޱȣ
һϢϢϢ
㲻ɱң޴ۣս𣿡ç۱ͩĽΧӲͩľʱһֲ죬ᶨٶʧšԭʧ壬ѩϼ˪ʵ𣬸޷ͩĹֻܱطͳܡ
ͩĽ̫ɱӰҲ޷ֹʧ
ʱʶͩĿ֮ʶ˵ʱѪʨǧ޴һҪâӲӲ޴۵ʵ֮еĸǿ
ѪʨԲûпţòǿ֮ͩеĻҪǿ
ȺսǺЦĵ̣ǵĵҪ׼Ⱥս˭˭Ұȥɣͩػش

ͩ󣬵ȴںҶеĸǿڶ
۷ۣҲдġԶͩçۣ鼫Ϊӡ
һλݺ۷ۣȻҪǰˣ
Ҳδ̫˰ɣܹһһֲȫʢܵɱ£ɱһ۷ۣ
Ҳš
Ҫɱһ۷ۣҪ߰ͬ۷ΧɱҪзΧɱǿ޷ڣһ۷ۼӲƴ֮ʱҲһλͬǿᡣ
㲻ɱң۷ۣݺҵ۷۰ôܣç۲ĵشš
ҪҲҪùȼգԴç۵ʧ˰ٷ֮ʮ壬ʵʮһҪƴԱûʲôЧ
ԣç۸ɴȼ壬ڵȻñԴʱ֮ڣָ˱ȫʢʵҪֲʮ
Դһ۷ƴʱţһбȵԱҪЧöࡣ
ʩչ˱Դç۲ʱ֮ڻָȫʢ֮ﵽ˵ڶܵʵ


577  
۷Ρһ򷨹Բݷ
̤꣬Ϊ۷۴Բ磬һ㡰컨塱ʱ棬ͻƼԪ
ȻгɹҲʧܡΣĴ˺ϵʸ񡣶µ۷ϵʸûС
ç۳۷۾磬һһ㡣ͩǵĴܡ
ʹͩһٽͼܹشçۡ
ç̫̫ͩǿ
λç۵֮󣬶ƴҪѶֵľԮçۡ
ǿç۲
״̬мˣټֻŵһλµ۷ۡ
۷λ
çڴˣֻһλ۷ۣµλ֮ٶĻۻһҪ۷磬Ǹϣã
ʮλ۷ۣҪٶλ
ܵѹƣһԪºгͷ֮ա
һԪһԪҲûһλԪ֮һԪȥһԪǻظһԪĲ״

ߣôף£һĽɿɲ׷Ŷȥ׷ʹȫԼĶȥԼڵĺ¡
죡çʹһط
ȻͬһУȴ֮ǰǿ˺ֹʮ
ͩȴǼţӲһС
Ӵײͩϡ
ǿɱţ֮ͩĵ֮ϣͩʮĵС
˻Թߵһǽʶ֮ȻϳͩϷɱ
Ҫ֪ͩӵϹɱⲻʲôܣֻҪϸһܹͩӵϷɱ
һһ㡣
ټͩڵΪʵ棬Ѿ۷壬ǳıҲһܹһ֮£κεͩ
çƴȫʹĽͬھһУȻֻȥͩ΢Եһǣν̾
ôܣϷɱôϷɱ⡭ç۾غУץš
ȫһȻͩ˶С
ͩĽˮ©һ㣬ç۵һзͣç۵塣

çȼʩչԴѾ30ǰˡ
һԴʱһç۾ͻ᳹ʧȥ֮
ʤҪֳˣçֶΣˡ۵˵
һ۷ۣȻҵǰ䣬ʵڲ˼顣ҡͷ̾
˵Ŀģô죿īʵ
һʱ֮䣬ڳ˶Ĭˡ
Ҫȡ棬ҪеգһҪɷһǲܵˡ
п²۲Сһç۵³֪ˡ
ϸջĲһĴ
һսʮλǿ߶սʮλۡ
Ҵѷ֡

ڴʱʮλĽɵһλɣó֮еľУһ̺ڵɱ¾֮ͩʱ֮Ȼͬ
һʹѪڣɱӯ졣
֮䣬ѪɫһƬ
Ķдһܵشʵʮһֱһնɱ
֣ʣµǿ߽ͬرǵһλսĵѡ
λֵܣսˣҵȽտһһǺƴˣһλӸҵִе

ǿˣҲѪӿȴǿս
ƴˣһǿߣԼͬؽе
ǳ۷һǣڶ⡣
һʱ֮䣬ϵʮλĽɣͬʱܵĪѹ
Ҳó˱ʹѹ׵ֶΣſ˸ԵĶ֡
֣æһλĽЩסˣΪĶһλ߽ۡ
ȴǰֵ˼ҲûУڻشæǺԣ
٣ɱģ㵱Ҳ𣿡λĽɣЦ
ͷȻҷģȥ֮Ķһλаǿߣ˿̼־ȻʱģǲԼһʱ֮ŭ񱩵óɱС
٣⣡λĽԵ˵ɱУҲ
һ˲˶ֵİ֮жؿڡ
⣬ٵأ̺ſֲɱһ֮£ֵ룬ʵ

λа۵Ҳֱ˵ʩչһͬھط
ѹ򱶣ΪһŶֳȥ
ӣͼѹλĽɫ䣬һԤֱͷ൱
һѹķţʱס˹˶ݵذȻˣѡһ·ӡ
аĸҲ൱ǿֻһϢͼѹ嵽˶ֱǰס
Ȼ󣬡䡪
춯صԱλĽɵıըɷɻҡ
¼ɱڰա
ڴʱλĽɷֳ¾һ϶Ϊһɫ԰׵̱ڵأϢ񽵣Ӹ߽۽˳ۡ
գˡҺһֻһˣ˼Ϊһֻ⻯֮Ǵӱնֻ䣬ֻҪһ³ʶ䡣
ȻԽ֮࣬ʱܹķҲԽࡣ

ƴˣҺƴˣһͬ䣬һ֮У֪һˡ
׷ȼ壬Ŀ޷Ѱ·Ǳɴʩչͬھ
սһѾ˰Ȼ׶Ρ




һһһһ顣۷ĽϣҲҪͬھ
һǿһǿľ
ֻҪɾܹһֱǿȥ
żг٣ȴ
ΪˣҲòֲľ塣
תͩç۵ռս
ԴʱҪˣһԴĳʱһç۲ᱻԭΣ۵Ϊסֱӵ£Ǹʱ򣬸ӲͩĶ֡
ԣһ̣çҲɴóͬھһС
çı
꣬ʨ۱ͩʱѹ뱦֮Уȴͬھһжò
֮£çˡ

çʩչطǾиģٶȱԭ졣
ͩӦʱ䶼ûб㱻ס
ͩһȥɣһԪŵĴڴˡغç˵仰㷢Ĳ衣
䡪쳹ؾ
Ϊ䱬ըΧСֻзԲ׶ѡ
ַΧ֮£ѹѰԱҪǿһϡ
Ǳطռ䣬ҲЩܲס˿ռ
ͩԱġ
ô׶༪٣
ҶȵһĻϲãܹһ˵ȻǺ¡
ɵģ޹ء
Ǹ˵̫ˣҪˣ޴ۿϷɱ޵ɵеƻвɲɡ̩̹۳˵
仰ڳǿߣϸһ룬ӰҲѵֵ˱ը֮Ӱķ֮Ŀֲ
ǰ벽޾ɵܣеƻвκιҲ޷ɵʿ֮ϡ
ң޴ۻϷɱ
ûмֻǱҲԼųɵ˺ʣµһ˺پƵ˵˺޴۷ֺʧһЩУֻҪչһʱ䣬Իָ

ȻըʮϢҵʱ䣬ɢȥĿռΪãʼ޸
һӰƬĿռ֮У˳
ȣ˿̻֮
޴ͩһһؿȴڼϢ֮ص˺Ҷȡ
˿̵Ѿƺһɱڡ
Լλǰȥ
ʱƱ֮ǰǿö࣬ڳ۷۵Աһȥ
λ۷ϸشһͩаԾ̾Ȼ̩̹ϣȻˡһλ۷ʩչҲ˲ֺô˼ֱ޵ˣҪɱ˵ǿߣµôϲֻһλ۷ۣ
Ȼç۲ȫʢ֮ʱʩչǷڳλҲұ֤ܹһ֮±Ͼһλ۷۵ˣͬΪ۷ۣҲľġ
ʱ̩̹ۡɴۺҲò˰֮ġڵ֮ͩʱҲڲ֪֮䴦·硣
ڴʱһߵĲоҲʰɾˡ
ʮλȫûҲͬ
ʮλĽɣλλ

𽣣Ȼˡͩ˽⵽ʧ֮һĨˣǺܿתΪᶨ
ĽɣʹΣվأʱܱ֮˥
һսѣͬҲĥ³F
Щˣ˴սãȻջ
̤꣬ͩͬǿߵʬһһ߹ġ
ֻǵۼ֮Խ棬־ԽѰ
ܹſֽһսĶ־͸ѵˡ
ǣڡԼλǿߣһ˵ͬ뿪˴˵ء
ҶȣһȻߵֻʣͩһ˾
û˻Сͩ˾
λ˼µļһѾˣǼġͩջƣ·һͨһλϣϴЦݣͰ˵ˣĵˣ
ڳиֶоһֹĲڡ
ͩûʢˣڳиֲԾ֮ǰһսۿһλ۷۾ôնɱ˭һĸо


578  Լ
ȿȣ޵Ѹղ˵һ롣ī۸ɿһӿڵڳλУֻˣ˭ī֮нһأ
Ŷˣռһ룬ûɣͩͷʵ
ԡ۳һһ̬
ͬ⡣Ҳʾͬ⣬ĹϵͱȽϺãֺ飬ҲûбҪԡ
Ҳûī۽˵
Ҳͬ⡣̬
ܺãʣµһٹƽ֮УǿΪʤߣٱԣֱǿߣʣµһǿߵġͩЦе˵
һʱ֮䣬ҶĬˣڰԿš
˵ƽ֣ôܹõʵ̫һЩ㲻ǸԵθڡԣּͬ𣬾ǿߵķõĽͬʱҲǷصһ۷
ƽֵȻȲһҶ̡
ȻҲҲܾĲ룬Ǻһţڶʳѵ˼Ҳ
ϸһǣǿеġ

ԣҵΪ۷ۣ󣬾Ͳ³˰ɣɴ۱˵
ҵ۷³̩̹Ҳ̬ЦҪͩ³ڳ˭Ķ֣
ҵ³һҲȷʵаҹϵҲͬͬӪĳϵѺãûбҪ̫ݣ޴۵ʵʵ̫ǿҪ³ǻʲôɴˡ
ţǵǵġī˵ظ͵ʣҲͩĶ֡
ɱɱԵ飬Ų̺ء۾ܾþ͸ˡ
˵ǣСҲ뷨ЦеӦ
ǼΪĬصͩ³ᡣ
ͩϲɫʵأҲˡղų֣һɱӺ
ֵͩ㹻ǿƣЩҲ͵òһòƾտʼһ㣬ǿѹһ
ͩĿʵܼ򵥡
ãȻˣǾͺðˣǷαԣλλλÿһɳʮˣʮˣֳαԣʤһʤһ֣ٳ־ʤ̬ͩ

ˣԼͬüΪһֻҪʤһ֣ôʤͳһ롣
Ǽʤֲܹʤ֣һϵ۷֣Ҳûжʤˡ
ã
ͬ⡣
ð취
ȱ̬Ϊռư
Ӻˣ̬һĶʣµҲûˡ
ðɣֻҪʱ׼۵ͷ
ǾͶ֮ڣΣͩڵ
ãºǾҶһ嶷Ҳ²˵
ÿԽ˻ᣬ˴˽ð취ī۴һǶͬ
嶷Լ֮߷뿪˺Ҷȡ
ո뿪
ͩ֡
۴֮пִ޴ۡ
ǳ֣ƽռ򣬷ӡǱߵĳڣмųڵһжһ쳣̻رͩԸ
ؾ֮УĶʵһɨգʣµһЩɫòͩԳ

߲˿ҲһңΪѾ֪çϢ
λ۷һһ𿪻ᡣ
çĻˣѾ֤ʵˡʴһʹ˵аһѾλ۷ۣʧʵ̫ˡ
ô۾ȵؽеһλ۷ۣôô׵ؾˣ
ѵķɱ
ᰡɱĶ̫ˡ
λˣǰǰȻλ۷ۣλ˽ʮλ֮࣡ôͷŭ
˭˭ɵģӥɫʵ
޴ۣѪʨۺ޺޵˵
ʲôôܣһˣۿʵ
ǵģһһ޴һһ£ç۵ͷ˵ϢǴӻƽõģ׼ȷͩçһȻˣͩһϷɱ
ڳǿߣ仰֮󣬶һѹסеľȣͣסˡ

һһڲɱܵ£նɱһ۷ۣҪǣһ۷һȻʶسš
ֱǻЦЦӥҲЩԽܡ
ϧʵˣѽܣҲýܡǴ۵ĽȻڳ˸ǿ
޴ͩҲòϣѾվ˵۷壬޵еĴڰʴ۴̾
£ܹһ㣬Ѿͻ˵վںͬһˡףֻеĴܹܲһ㡣
ȻеĴܹܶһһնɱ۷ۡ
ǿԿ϶ǣµ۷ۣǲһġ
ǹģɵʿȻԼᶨͻͽԲȰǴ۵ͷ̾
ˣڿǵǸӦսʴ۰ѻת˻ʵ
սҷԣǴ侲˵Լ
Ϊʲôѵնɱһλ۷ۣͲӦøӦеĴ𣿡ʴ˫ֳסԲһҪվӣŭʵ

侲ϻƣ㲻ܱɱǣ˵ҪʱôأǴֱʴ˵ڲٶǰڵʵ۷۵ߴʮλ޴޵ǿߣκӲ
Ҫ躹ޣҪʵ»ֻ̣ӳ١ûʵӲƴӲۿ͹۵سϵ
ңڶһɱﵣǾϼɵǿߣЩǿߣҪһķһսȾҪʮλ١ĽٵǿߣЩǿߺηǣǾ͵ٸͬǿߣʮͿЩǿߣÿ죬Ҳ졣ӥ۵ͷ͵
ʧʵ̫ˣ˼һλٻĽٵɣֻҪʮܹߣһλǿߣ͵ҪʮڡϰĻۡ
ƴģ˭ӳԿһĿȻ
ԣӥҲ޳ɺս

ûдҲҪˣһ֯һֱڲ࣬ĴСѪʨͬ侲˵ͩȻɶ񣬵һһ£ʵնɱçۡ
çȻʧ󣬵ǼˡҪռؾأçۼˣ޴ϣ£ռ˶
ͷҪġ
Ѫʨ޵Ĳͩ֯
֯ǽȫʢʱڴƶ˵ףϵĸӹȫƵҲЩɨһϡ
ΪʹΪ齨ˣҲʵټ˸£˹ȥ
еģǸɴ˳ˡΪǲˣ͵ű֯ϰɡ
֯׺Ǵģ
ɲЩɵ֡
ԱչʵԱǿûǸʵ
ȻǾŴ󳬼֮һӰʵ˾ӳĩβһΪ֯ôܶӢɥѾΪȺЦ

Ѫʨ۵Ļһǿߵͬ顣
ûд֯ǵĴУĶԹǶ̶һԪܹģеʱ档ҪĻ֯ҲͬУĹϵ˭ǿ˾ѹ˭Ҷϰˡ
̫֯ͷ϶Ϊܵġ
ұѹƻͨһЩϾͬΪ
Ǳһ¼Ԫð֯ѹƳӣǿ벻ͨˡ
ðɣǵҪ֯ϣȵ֯ȥʡʴۻָǣЭ
ֻǣȥôһͩͻһǸʱҪٶԸɾˡʴֿ˵
ǰ޴ۣȷʵһԤϵĽɫǶ֪һѺͿֲֻǳͩᲢۡβܵĻµȵʰ֮֯תͷȴ֣޴ѾɹһΪԪ֮ˡѪʨͩڱ߽Ŷ꣬СսǧΣܶʤ٣ܹоͩһɾ˵ǱԤ;

ûдͩٳɳȥˣһԪȻҪˡһһԪλϵļԪ֮ô彫ᱻ׳ԽѹƣԺļԪҲгͷ֮ˡǴ۵ͷ
磬λԪ֮򣬶λԪ֮
ϣıռơ
һԪˣλϵļԪ֮һλԪ֮ҲûеĻôԱȵ̬ƾͻᷢת
ǵʵǶҲһܹκεͩҪͩвϹɱϷɱһͻƼԪܹɱȫܣڶԪ֮֮УҲߡӥ۲ˮ
λ۷֮󣬳ĬҪͩ۷ۼ𼸺޵еǿߣ˶ɱ֮⣬»øӦСҾˣҲδܹ
ڳλۣλҪٿɱܹಲֻλ
λڶ۷۸סͩҲҪʮλϵ۷۲ܹסͩѡ
ҪյĻҪࡣķӦһɱս۷һ


579  嶷
ͩѳɣҪĴۿɲС۳ɵ̾
ϱɣļλȥǵʵκβͩѪʨۿλ۷˵
ãôˡʴ۵ͷӦ
֮ڵʵκβͩ⻹һǿĺܡ
ڵֻСһ֧ͬҲһ´
⣬ԪĿֲ̣൱ǿġ
Ҫǿ߲֮ܽڣΨһķתһλ۷ת֮Ҫʱ仹ҪԴⲻһλλ飬ҪԸͩҪʮ۷תǿµúľܹʮλ۷۳ɳһôķչȻͣ٣ǿ߳ɳ֮󣬾ͺһûгѼԪĿܡǴۿڳ
Ϊʲôһʼֻλ۷۴תڣɳһЩǿ߽
ΪԴ
һ۷۳ɳҪԴɲСǿߣûǱͻƼԪġ۷۶ɰǧЩǿ߽ڣֻܹ˷Դѡ
κһԶĳô

ңӥܵչᣬĳǲ֧ķչ
ҲΪʲô巽۳ɳ֮۶ԾصأػⲺٸȺҲȨԭڡ
µѹţҲ
һ仰òʧĩá
ھҪôǿ߽һԾӾŴ󳬼ʵһλʵϣչǱȴԶǵ
һ룬ǿ߽ɳ֮󣬱ȻΪķߣĴ潫Ƿȥʣµһ֣ķչٶȱڿ¶硣
ȻڵǱϾǰµĵӻڣֻҪһʱ䣬ܹǿߣҲ˿ѹ
ЩǿߣͻƼԪĿܺǱ
ǱһĲƸ
¶ԣԸһַչǱɱķչ˵˭ʧһЩ
ܿӶıʽܲԮľ
һ֧Ԯһ۷磬ûʧȥһУԸ֯ʵֿԼѹķչ

ʱһҶȱʩչչ˰ٱ
⴦ؾռṹ۷۵Ķܹ֧ס˵񶷷ˡ
෬ЭζҲǵĽʢᡣ
Ϊ٣ÿһʮԣȡĶǿߺǿ߸һ롣
ΪۼûʲУΪʴ඼Ǳ֮У׷ʱںͻλԲûаǳս
һҲ干ͬġ
ۼҲһ۳սǿλ
һ嶷ҲһܵСΧʵĽᣬĽǸ徫Ӣ⣬ڴʽʼǰѾʼͨޣںҶȽһʱС
ӣر֮⴦ؾпܳΪ廥ͨ޵һؾҵֵɹ
Ҳ̽ԵؽгҵͨҵΪ˴˵Ĺϵ
ҵԸͬ洦
ر̣ͨе漫
һ˵嶼൱⣬ڲṹ൱ԭʼ̣ͨȻܹ׬ȡʵ档

ҶȵĶϣר޽ľ̨һС
־̨ÿռ似ƶɵģһ̨ڲռ÷ǳͬʱз֣ڲನɢ
ΪˣרŰµŹս
ԼֱӽһǿսԵһֱԲò룬ǿԽ˻۲ֵսˮƽ
߷ͷĻλ۷ۡ
λϻͲ˵ˣʽʼɡͩǵͷߣȻΪ˴ʢߣʼȻͿʼˡ
ͨǩһɾԪػ壻ī壻ɾƽ塣
ƾĳǩԹΪûܹλ۷ǰǧ
ʽʼСһľ̨ͬʱá
Ծʹá
Կʼˣȡһһ̭սÿһʮλߣһսܣһϡսʤ߿£սսΪֹ
пܵĻʵѹȺߣܹһʮҲ˵
ʵϣȴģָǼΪʱģڶ̶̼֮оͻָ
Ҵǲʹκҩ͵ҩġ

λ۷ɽ֮ϣȫ֡
һ˹սţʮ֮ڡó嶼ʶš
ī۶Դԣֵĳ棬˵֪λһ嶷Ŀʲô֮⣬ֽʽĶԵǿһֱȥóһЩԴΪʤߵĽ
ţ⵹ȷʵһð취۱ʾͬ
ԿǡԪػ۱̬
ٺ٣һֱȥǵǲĺҲһйĺȥɴ֮˵
еȷʵе̩̹۵ͷΪϰԵ⣬ɾԱ꣬ϲƻʹ򶷣˵ڱɾ֮ڣÿһλ˶ǴСܳɳġ
ֻһС˾ΪڶزۡҲͬΪϰԣÿһλɾ嶼սʿս൱ˡ
֮ȵģƽҲһһĿ壬ųɷ졣ͬģƽҲǲ״缫أֱ

λͬ⣬Ȼᷴԡͩı̬ΪӹҪԸ⣬Ҳ롣ǲԸ⣬ͬҲû
۵һīۣ˵λῴī۴ʲô
ҪᣬѰͻƷչȺʵĸó·
ֻ۸űŵǿ彻ͬ;ȷʵ׳֡ҲһõĻᣬͬҲǾŵ;֮һҶڱǿȴűīչøǿ
Ȼ岻ΪȻԪػ壬ȴȻռϷ硣
ԵʱԪػĶԱ64
Ҳ˵Ѿ̭˶ߣֻ̭˾ĸߡ
ʮһԿʼɾĵѡֶսԪػĵߺѡ֡
һϳ˫óȫս˿⡣
˪Ԫػĵߺѡ֣һͷϵһ⵽ıϵط൱ǿơ
һ֮䣬̨̨ռ൱˵Ķ
Щ˲һλ߽

ܶӰ죬Ķֱһɫֲ֮ϣΧֻܿطֲֳ꣬ǿֿŶʴ
ͬʱóһɫ乭ԶԣʸŶ֡
񲻸Ҵ⣬һλѣǰڶһ֮¡
ǽһ߶ºĸߴǽס˾ֵߡ
ıǽ棬ϵƶţһֱͷŶʴŶֵ
ֵ֮ļˡ
˼Ȼ߶±ǽķֱ䴩գƶı
üȻΪһǿȺͩεس޵
Цݣͷǫؿڵ޴ˡ
۵ɫмû˵ʲǫ̂ԣˣʲôɶѡ
⣬īıԣǽΪйоأ˫÷ǳңϷ
ߵıԽĵȷʵСӡ
ıԣɾƽˡ
˫ߵĶθߴ塣ɾǿĲ籩֮֮츳ͨ

ɾ壬֮ΪɡΪ츳ͨ籩ٻ֮
Ǹߴǿʹʵǿͨ岻֪ٱ
ƽ壬רעС
ǵ츳ǽղ֮
ӵ츳ͨƽרĽֻأѹŶһ񹥣˭ܲ
̨ϣ˫ѡ֣ӲӲȭȭĴ򶷣ǳַǳˡ
ѵʾ
ƽĽղ֮ʹƽ𣬽֡κιϣڽ֮ϣƵĽײ֮
۶ֶô񱩵Ĺڻƽ˵á
ͩɵø̾ƽ츳ͨ൱̬ͺñ汾Ӱһ
ֻҪﲻޣ˲ƽֺ
ƫƫ֮ͬڵĹܹƻƽĽղ֮
ò˵ƽͬԵĳ֮Уǳռơ
ƽĽղ֮Ҳû㣬Ǿ൱ǿǷʱ򣬾ûôǿˡ

츳ǰ൱ģ۷۵Ĳ֮һһǵεĹʱ򣬽ղ֮츳ͨʵҲǿһʹһ㣬ЧԶԶӰ
У񻯣մȭλƽĲѡ֣ͻȻ
һȭ֮£ִɣ״ڵأܴᣬⳡԡ
񻯣ǻƽһ츳ͨͨһãͺ˷ܼһʵ˲
ͬʱҲк֢֮ʶܵЧӰ죬ʱԽʶԽģп֮ѹƣײϣǳ
ҰѪ⣬񻯵Ĵһֻ֮޵һεΡ
ʹõ츳ֻͨһѹ׵츳ͨ
츳ֲͨʵϣ츳ͨ൱ãõúˣΣ֮ʱԼһ
ԣƽ岻ǣȺȱɾ廹Ҫϡ٣ۺʵȴڱɾ֮¡
һһı֮УƽʵҪǿһЩ
ı75ƽѾ˱ɾλˡ


580  ·
嶷ת֮͹ȥ죬⼸ҶȼΪ֣رʱУһΪڲͨⳡ֣½˱ֳ
֮Увҵ˻ԵеѰ궼ûҵϣеõɱе￴ʺϵĹе׬ȡ˴档
֮以裬ջ񣬽Դϲ
ҲΪַΧҲԽԽࡣ
Զûн֮Ҳû̫ͻ˴֮䣬ǺԴ
ıԵһѾʤҷֱǾ塢塢ƽ塣
ǵڶֵıˣһֵıԿġ
γǿ
һֳǩȻ壬ƽ塣
αԵģżľӢΪǧʱ䣬Ҹ޵ʵڰս֮ϣõǿߡ
εıԣûչȽе̭
ΪڶֵıԣǱϾǵڶ֡
һֵıԷֳΣۼ

ĵһֱѾˣۼһ֮󣬲ǵڶ֡
̣ܹò㹻ʱָ塣
Ȼֱһ㶼ǵ㵽ֹ̫صƣϾֻҪͻ壬ָǳ
ȻһЩѸٻָĸֶΣҲҪһЩʱ͡
ֻͩ˵һֵԣıԾûˡ
۷ҲһһֵıԸոտʼʱǱ뵽һ̬ȣıԵ쵽
⣬Ȼ˸
ֽͩо֤ŵȥˡ
ͩУҪľǿһ
ʵҲ֮ʿյ롣
ͩû뿪һһʮؾȻڴˣϾ֮ڵıϵش󣬲ʧͩᷢ⡣
ͩ򣬿ȥܷ鷳
Ͼ֮ûķܹͩƤӵ·¡
Ѫ޵ɲ˵ģɱֶͩһλ۷۵֮ǰʢһ
ʱ򣬸֮ͩ£ǰҰļһԲڡ

˵ͩԲҲǧˡ
ʱ䣬Ѿʤͩ΢ĩ֮ʱߵ۷ʱ䡣
ǧͩȴȻã
ǰֻͩһ֮ңһľȴ·ĺһңԶ
Ϊǰ·ҪԼٵ·
ͩݷÿһλʿĺϵ֮·ԲͬͩҪϵûκǰ˾Խġ
ڡ¼֮мأϵؼԣҵıʲôֹͩš
ϵ֮ؼ˽Լȫ
ʵκ飬ֻҪǻۣ˽˲ѣҪԼȴѡ
ʵͩھݷ֮󣬶֤Ѿһʶֻ֪ףȴѡ
ҵıԣҵԼִ
ʱһ־ִնԼִֻһôͻüΪǣС⣬һ飬˺ϵĻȻһԪ棬֮һߴ塣ҪԪں֮һѹع鷨塣

Ĳ裬ͩݷ֮пġ
֤֮ƺѡ
ʵϣǵһ㣬նִһþųϵ۷ȴ
ΪǸ
еǴһ㣬նִҪߵԺ;ġ
һʶ³
Ȼ棬һͬѣв³һعˣԪϣʱ򣬴ʵѾ൱ˡ֮ͬеҪֲ򱶡
ԪһڣǾͼз֮ա
νĻ֮Σ
һܷ֮Ԫ벢ع鷨塣һ൱һ˼顣
֮󣬾࣬ⱾһֲΪ˴ٴḶܹ́ͻƼԪżͲ࣡
֤֮ɹ֮ʵѾһˣΪѾʧȥһУֻоԵǡ
ԣ·ֱ֮Ϊ֮·
֮෴һ·֮·
ڶ֤ţڱִͬʱͻƼԪͻ֮󣬴˵ȵȷ涼ǰһû˿仯
ԣ·ֳ֮Ϊ֤

ӳƺϣҲܹ·ͬߣв
֤֮·Ҳ˵ǡ·֤ѡ·Ҫʿȥ̽
ʵ֤û̫֣֮˶ס
һ֮·ʺЩпʼ͹һֻй֮Уһصѽˣǣ޹ңȻһʺ֮·ȻֻǴˣ㲻׼
ģǣ̫ģ֮·
ʵϣ֮֮·
Ϊ巽ĴڣȺǣңżͥǣҵģʵ̫ˡ
·ѡؼľڶԼԵʶ
еǣңŲµִǱȴǼΪײСĮġʿǿ֮·Ǿ
һЩʿɷǣסѡޡӣע¶һƫƫ˱ԣǿ֮·ͬҲ
ԣѡ·־Ϊתơ
ҪʿԵʶ;ȷġ
е㱯ˡ
һʿʧȥִȴΪԵԭûѡ

ıԣǵָԸ񣬶һʿ޹ҵоټ걾ϵĽ塣
һ˰ԳТ˳Ӱˡпܣջ֮·
Ĵ飡
ͬɱ¾ʿһλҪɱɱĸɱɱɱһѪײ֤һλȴҪ˾壬ֻҪɱһе˱֤
˵ĽǴ顣
һ룬Ϊ˴֮;һ˰ԳТ˳Ӱȴƾ壬Ǻεȱ޿κε飿
Увٴ֮ʿȻ֤֮·ֻҪ̤һȻܹ֤ȴһҲûôΪʲô֮;ǰȴΪŲִִԲڡ
ⲿΪִţԲ򡢲ڵĴܣҲͩġ
ͩԼҲʣԼܹ
˵׼
ԣ⼸ǧͩҲǷǳġ
Ȼϣ֮·ΪͩҲǣңִԷ
ûѡ

ʱɵ֮˥ֳͩͬһԡ벽Ҫ۷λռģ̽ԡ
˵һƬĺռһıԡ
ͩԺܸ֤˵ġ
ǣܹҵĺڵģȴ֮١
һ㾳ﵽ̶ֳȵģڹŽ⣬ʥ˼Ĵڡ
ҵĺڣΪ¶ۡ
еķھ˴䣬֮Ҳܹﵽ־硣
ֻһԿ϶ǾΪԽߣԽѰҵĺڡ
ҪҵƬĺΨһķھ붨
ֻͩҪһʱ䣬ε붨˼ǧ꣬Ȼûͷ
ͩҵеʱ䣬ʼ붨
ε붨ǾԸоʱš
磬Ҷȵ嶷һֱɵؽšһˣڶֽϡڶˣֿʼ
൱ңв߶óеʵȡʤ
ķΧȴǳ⣬ûС
ⳡһ꣬
ֻĽȴǲ⣬εı֮Уۼı֮У˵һ

ĹھƽժˡĹھǱȡá
ǳ죬ھֱãҪȵľ۷ۼʤ
ͩ붨֮б˽ѡ
ڣ嶷ˡ̺ͩҵһλǿߡ
Σͩʵ
ǡƽ塢壬Ӯһ
ͩ˿Һ˱ֲٻӮһһûӮǻľֻвĵóһˡ
Ҫ֪ǾԲ˷⴦棬Ͼ⴦ؾٶĳɹ
Ϊڼ󶥼ѹòһţͩѣնɱһ۷۵ƣʹӦε嶷ĿģȻ֮ǰò
һ㣬ҲѾòˣʣµĿʵȡҲǳҲ˳ƴӦܲΪһδ֪ıֱӿսɣǾԲеΪ
ǽɾͺˡͩһЦ
˵꣬ͩҶȵĻ᳡ȥ

ͩ᳡ʱ춼ˡ
ǲ˼ĳˡִͩһǸ˵
ҲǸյѡɴˬЦ
ʱ˵㲻ʲô޴ˡīЦеظ͵ʵڵ鲢ôá
һε嶷ī۳׸ܵ涥ĵ̺ǿ
壬ȥǳƽҲû̫츳λռκƣɾһƽ壬ȴܹ嶷֮ȡһھ˵ܹλӾŴ󳬼ԲǽңƾĻʵ
ݵ̣Ҳī硣
ͬģīȻķչƾ֡
λȻ޴ҲˣǿԼһ£ǲӦðֶ滯ҲҪһ±μĶҾǸ˵һ¡ī۾
ⲻϸҪۿ˵
ţԣмܴܱûܴҪá̩̹۵ĻȻһЩȴ֡
ǻƽҲûֻԵĲͷҪϸŪһ㡣ɴ⻰ͺԺĹھ϶һ
λȻд£ΪĳҲдӦͩҲûз


581  
ʵͬģϸһ룬ҲֹˣҲûпڡң嶷ΧȷΪŵĻҲȷʵŵھ˵Ҳһ¡
Ҫѹīķչǰ취һҲûʲô˵ġ
ѹīչֲǾһҵ顣
ҲΪ˴ҵʧԼҵ档
ǣλ۷۾ʹ˶˵ӣϸʲôģȥ̸
ת
ԼҸʤһֳ֣֮ʤˡɴһ㣬˻ս˭ܹѹˣ˭ͻʤȡһ档ֱͩ˵˵
˻ս˼ûɴЦ
ãսͻսʩչȥҴգҲЩԾԾԵĸо
ԣߣͩûƳ٣ֱͬ
ۡɴͩһͬؾҵһա
ߣҲȥմ֡λ۷Ҳ˹֡
ͩһۣλ۷˵λѣһæֵһǶನϾĽһӰ̫ǾͲˡ
ãû⡣ī۵ͷӦ˳ˮ飬Ͱײ͡

λ۷ҲһӦ
ͩͷĵƣȫʢʱƣ˿ͩԱȥ˶ʮ֮һҵӡ
ǿһǧĵУֿƿֲˣҪ֪ͩոնɹ˥ʱҲŵõĵжѡ
ҪͩոճΪ벽ɵʱܴһͩп䡣
ֲֿˣʱѹʱ֮ĽûʱѹƣΣԤϡ
Ϊ۷һ֮ʵ仯ͬʱκһСӡЩ۷һƵ·ľҲ൱µġ
ͩ˾һǧĵе˴˽٣⻹ͩܵҵһεʧ
ҺãͩڴﵽݷĲΣĿ̶ֲȣҪڵһʱʱѹҲܲʧֻöʱȥ
Ҳͩ裬Сκһλ۷ۡ
ΪͩҲ˵׼˵ε۷ʩչǶôֲ顣۷ۼɱҲΪǵ̫ˣεǿ߲׵ذһ۷۱Ƶ·

λ۷ۣ֮ƶƶڲͣţѾʼˡ
ˬʵЦλȻ˿ǾɱשˡλУ崫Ѿõȭһʽ
һȭһεʼۡ
ͩ۸ܵʲô̧ͷһ޴ޱߵȭͷ֮ѹ¡
һץһž޴湭С
ֻ̧ңһʸֱָ֣ͷѹµľ޴ȭͷ
һʸ
ͷȭͷƬ̱˫˫
һߣͩԵӲ˱ɴһ
бһٶꡣ
Ȼ࣬ͩڵʵɴһܹһٶĵУ֤һȭһλ߽۴
ɴ۵һȭ˵൱
Ҳλҽһƶ湭Ȼ˫ҹ
֮һ˫ңͬ乥Ƕȴͬʱ׼ͬĽǶȡ
һңĵʸɳ
Ȼ˫ֱɴۺͩ
ͩһ۾Ϳ۵ļŴ͸֮
еǴ͸һ൱̬Ĵϰ֮ϴ֮һ

Ҫ˵ԹΪʿӦϴʮһľд˴һУ鷢磬ҲԼС
ڶǴ͸͸֮ӷߣȻԿͷ
ʱմʱմӹʺһбߣͬʱҲʱմ̬ĵط͸ʱ֮ȥδ
ÿһֱרӦĴͬʱֲͩڱƵʿѡ͸ˡ
ϼѵģȻʱմרʺϣ㲩Ҳʺϡ
ʱմ춨֮Ȼòˡ
Ԫܣͩǰһơ
ͩ򷨹֮ʱԪռܣںʱձԴԴ֮ĵ
ȥƽƽ棬ԲǰԪռܹȵġ
˶ܹ±ɴ֮ǰһȭѡ
ǣʸȴֱ˶ƣд͸
ȻͩĻǰһʸƿͩĻһȱڡĵڶʸûͻƣͩţϡ
͸֮Ҫ͸ͩţֱӽͩı塣

ţɱʸϵĴ͸֮ûгţķޡţܹɣӼʸϸĴ֮
ԣһûа취͸ţţֻͩʧʮ겻ĵС
λȺ֣ͩһٶкʮС
ȥƺǱɴ۱۸ǿ
ʵϣȴôĿͩĵжۡ
Ϊλ޳ֵĴͬȻͩʱġ
ʵϣ۵ġƾŻȫǿµǿҲͩµǿٶ١
ΪĴƼܹɱµзɱ
ҪͩţֻĵµĴ͸֮ŸӲһ
һɱָͩٵأ
ãҽĳһͩһץ·֮г
ͩҲûмôһֱ̣Ϯۺͱɴ۶ȥ
ֻҪ۷̤򷨹ľ֮һҲͬǵ
ͩڵľ磬һܹɱһ߽ۣ

Ҳ̽ѣλ۷ɾ͵ͩһ
ýڶѣɴһȭռѣΪһ޴ڶֲۺͩס
ԭ֮ĺڶǲκε۷ǿڣһڶȻĺڶ
ʽģ
ʽ
شȭɴ֮̽󣬱óȫ
һȭرѣΪռƬγ״Ŀռ籩ֱֲӵǿƻ
ɵġ
ۣͩӲڴһ
Ƽ
ÿһд͸֮ÿһǴ͸һ屶
ƾŻǾŵ͸֮ÿһʸǾűƾŻҲǾ崫Ĺϼ⣬ǳ
ϰ͸ľǿߣѡΪԼ޼
Կɴ۵ĻشȭȻֻ֧Ϣͱȭ׼ȷػۡ
۱һȭɣӰķޱƣܴ
⣬ôܣϣ¶֮ɫ
ƾŻȻҲֻѣ벻סɴ۵һȭ
Ȼһȭô򵥵ġ
Ұˡ۱һȭɣһǱԣ㵽ֹ֮ս
ԣֻҪһУǾˡ
ˣҪϡĶ۷ۣԼĽ屾һ壬÷ǳɴࡣ
ͩ¶飬ˣɴ۲ľȻԴ
ǼΪǿս
Ҳ˵бȲʱմǴ˵սϵı֣ͷǳֲˡ
ղһڵա
˿õ
ˣɴþԵݻ١νһ򷨡
޴ָۣ̣ɴ֮Ȱ۸̭ҲΪͩʵ
Ͼڴ֮ǰͩһ֮նɱһλ۷ۣȴˡ
ʵɴ벻ҲС
ƴɴ۵ǲ˵ܹƴù޴ֵۣ㵽ֹıԵĻǼпȡʤ

ɴ۵ʵĳȻ𾴣Ϊ˱𾴣ĳǲˮġͩػش
˵꣬ͷųǿѹ
ܵĿֲѹɡ
ȻǵһԹۿļλ۷̾
ţǿķڷѹʮֹǾϵıʲ࣬ҲԿݷĲΣͻһֱڡǲڱɴУҲͬ޴ϡ
ɴҲܵͩѹа̾ѹͬͩһΡΪҲڵڶԲľ磬ڶԲûдﵽ
Ǳɴͬ
޴ۣһشȭɴ̤ǰһһһȭ
գ
ɱͩһɫ
Ʋ񷣡
Ȼɴ۵ȭ൱£ͩĽͬޱȣ
һ⽫֮ǰ۴ҲκβõĿֲȭп
ֻڽƿռ籩֮ͬҲľʧ
˫һƽ֡

ýɴ治ɫٴ̤ǰһ˵شȭںʽȭġͬʱҲǿȭ
񻯣ɴһ˫Ѫ죬ȫ򰣬ݺܲ޴ۣٽһȭشȭ
һȭ֮ǰ
ռ飬һβƬֱӱΪ촷ۡ
ȭٱǰҪ
ٶȵϣ
ͩɫһ䣬ȫĶ
ָ·ֻأͩһȵ
һ̳
һĴ̽̽ǽ֮У۵ģͬʱҲǽһС
⸽ϣʼǰ죬û뽣壬ͩûȫͷһ⡣Ϊһ뽣Ժ̡
Աɴ֮ȭԭӲӲ൱Կˣʧȥ̣²ǱɴһеĶ֡
ȭײ
Ȼܹͩܵһǿѹȶ
ͩһֲȭȡĴʩԵ档
ʮףȴû뿪ͩķӿ뽣壬ɽݸ⡣


582  ⿪
ɴȭǿҲбĴһ̡
ͩΪͩĽⲢûȫȥ֧֣ͩк
ĿǰΪֹͩȻڷصĽ׶Ρ
޿κε飬Ϊɴۿ̫֮ǿˡټԴԭǷǳ̬
Ϊһʮᡣ
ƽ۷ϱȱɾҪһ룬ȫʵȴڱɾ֮¡
ɴһͿλɾ۷սƽ֡
ʵϲɺӵĲࡣ
˵ǿʺսÿһʿսͨĴڡ
ͩڷһȻռһЩˡ
ͩΪȱɴҪһС磬ԣͩ˳ص˱ɴۿ֮ȫһ
ǿĳɴۣĳһУͼͩڵ±ɴһ֮չ
ΪͩǱԣսԴҶһУһУС
ȻõȻʵȫԸҪӮ±ԡ
ͩҲûжٽͼɱС

һƺҪصͼ̿ɴ۾ȥ
ɴûͼܣ˵ҲһУûġ
ΪΧʱռ䱻ָͼ֮¡
ɴҲûԴУڲϻȭҪͼ
һʼΪҲȷʵӰ쵽ͼȶ
ֻͼٶ̫ˣɴֻüӳȭͱȦ֮С
һʱ֮Уͼĥš
Ȼɴ۸һƬµʱա
ǳΣգڴˣʱһȻᱻ
ҪסۣҲô׵ġɴûô򵥵ľ䣬Ҫƿʱճȥ
Ƭʱչ̣Ǳ۵ȭͷǿɴ˵ţԥȫӳشȭ
ȭҺųƻأȻڡ
Ƭͩٵʱ֮ڣشȭڹ˺Ϊء
ǿȭŰ֮£ƬʱվȻʼֱ֮
꣬ۺѪʨҲͼڿռ֮У
ͼȵƣҲǿȻɴڶ̶ʱ֮ھŪҪӡ

ͩһɫһֶʱ˼룬ֻһԶѣòô档
ǣͩ˫ֽӡһȣʱսӡѹ
εʱۣ֮۳״ݺݵѹͼ֮С
Ȼͨⲿʱ֮ļӳֺͼ֮ڵĿռʱ
ȻȻڱٻĹ֮Уʱ䱻ˣҲ˵ͼӲ˱Ľ֣ܹ֧ŵʱȴȻӳˡ
ͩʱѹоյĳɹ
ͩҪʱҲԴﵽѹͼʱЧֻʱսӡ޷ʱĴȥ
һľѹЧͻϡ
ͩʱ֮ӡԳһµʱ䡣
ڼ䣬ܹסɴһµʱ䣬ôʤѾˡ
𣬲˲ֶӵ顣
֮ǰһ֮̸ɴһ
ͩﲻˬҲɴ䣬Ϊͩ磬ǡ

˵ʤҪֵʱŻ̩̹̾
Ӧÿ˰ɡۿ˵
޴۵ʵȻǿޱȡ۸ܹ̾סһͬǿߣһ¡
Ҫ֪ɱһͬǿѵĵطڣ˲Ƕֱ֣·
ܹסһͬǿߣܵĻô˾ɱͬǿߵĿԺͿԻ
סȻͱʲôɱˡ
ԣܹͩסһͬǿߣı־ܹڳ۷۵ľη
һ㣬Ҳϰʱմʿռݵڡ
ɴ۵ʵսʤٵڶԲ۷ۣǱɴ۾޷סһһڵ۷ۡ
ټ۷Ӱ壬ѱɱܹɱҲҪһʱſ
ʱ㹻۷·ˡ
çΪԲǱɴ۵Ķ֣ɴһȭӲ¡Ǳɴȴɱçۡ
Ϊɴֹçѡ
ͩʱձԴԿסçۣӲֻƴͩͬھ

ʮ죬ɴ۲ƿͼ𳬹1һѾˡ
ˣ޴۵ʵ֮ɴķڷ
༸λ۷Ҳ£˹
ҾƬڰ֮У۵
˼죬۵֮
ȻˣҲûȺˣȹϲա۵һǵ
ȻЩźûõжõ棬Ծĵ̣ҲΪ̰ͼһؾԼͬΪ֮һս
ռ⴦ؾĲһСĻҲ
Ҳ͵ҪµűۻȥҲˡ
Ⱥ̬ˣȻǿ󣬵ҲΪ
ԣҲȺˡ
ܿģͳؾ
ͩĸ֣⴦ؾڸӡˡ
ȫ⴦ؾ֮ǰǲһ⴦ؾġ
⴦ؾҵֵֵҪȵżȫ֮˵
˲󷨡ơӡרǿǰæӿĿȡ
ͩļλλ񣬿ʼ⴦ؾĿռṹ
ͬʱڳڵĸҲڽš

ͩԴͨӦĳڸӡؾ֮Ĩȥ꣬Ҫֻͨǿͩµķӡſԡ
ǣͩĴܣҲҪϲܹǿƿͩµķӡ
ڴͬʱͩͨʱմܣʩչͨڣΪƳĹ
Ҳ˵ͨЩڣǲдƵġ
ȴˣ
ֱӸһؾĽͨ˿ֱͷ˼λҲ
ͩڵ۷壬һеʱմĴܣȴǲġ
ȻҪһ㣬ҲǷǳѵġ
ҲֻͩʱմоѾ˺ϵԵĴܲ쵽
żһƽ⹤ȼӿ˰ٱϡ
ǿʵ֮£ƽ⹤ڲϵرӣҪ˼꣬ͽ
ľͷڶ۵ĺ֮£ٿˡ
ޣúܺãѹߴһλ治٣֮е˲١ȱ

⣬ڱȫ֮ǰȻҪԷһۼ˵
ˣնɱçۣСķ񱨸ѾЩˡۿ˵
ȻҲн죬ǿЦֻȡЦ
ǣ۰ѻϡ

ͷ鿪ʱŽ
ڵչʱڣһܹٶš
Ⱥ֮ԭԳʵĸ鱦ɱȻ֧Ųסĸо
Ӵ˶ʦϵͳ
ĴѡΣԭǧһֻǶǵѶҲڼӴһţܹųɲĵĿֻ߳ɶѡ
ʱǰҪ
ĻЩųɳ֮ȻӿӢ
Ҫÿһʱ䣬ؾͻῪһΣܹõԴ鱦ɱĲ䣬ıпĳŲ
ͩȻȫʮƷߵоôķչʮƷѾﵽռĳ̶ȡ
ʮƷֻܹͨ鱦ѣͨ鱦֮ϣи߼鱦滹ɱ

ʱһζ
ͩһһʮؾһֱû뿪Ҳڳοеʱ䣬ӽѰĺڡ
һ죬ɡ
帺µλ񲻵òͩ
޴ۣѾƽϣ׼ǰȥ֡ۼͩ˵
ͩƴվ˵߰ɣһȥɡ˵ǳⷽȥ
Ŀĵء
ⱦ޽һɽ֮Уȥô
ȴǼΪǿ󣬾ȻܹԺĽգȻֹźԽ룬²һƽ⿪
ͩϵʱ򣬸ƽ⹤רǣѾ˳⴦صأѾתػ
פһţλɵţ
μ޴ۡػűλ
ͩ˱ǰʶϸɨţȷ˰ȫ֮򿪴ţ
ǣһλ۷ųӦ
ţλųһ¡
ʿǣ˲֪ٸԪԶż⡣

ݿŵ֪⴦żǸԶŵż
Ҳ˵пܾŵű⣡
ⲻǿյģĻõ͵ڵõһԶŵĵ̡
ҪСԶŵĵ̡
Զ֮ʱڣһͳһ֮еţرǶţһһĵ̣ڵĳҪۺ
ΪЩŶļԪ
ԣڵʱֻʮԪСţҲ൱ǿġ
Ȼ˼ԪϵСţҲܷ֮ڵű⡣
ͺñĵȻܲˣǴ֮ڵĵҲС
ձ֮СţҲڵĸ߼ȵġ
ıҲˡ
űĿڳÿһλﶼƽÿ˶ڴš
ڻ򿪣ŴȫһɸϢӱ֮ӿ
ͩһڵı⣬ϳ˼ΪĿռ似ּ˵ʱˮ׼ֻһΡ


583  
÷ȥơͩûԼΪǿóȻ¡
ѡ̽һ£ɵĻЩʿķΪλ񣬿ɷֻһλͩǰҲз֮󣬱˻Ϊ谭ͩѰĺ֮·
ңͩҲٷΪ˵ûãһᵢѰͩľ磬ҲҪ
۷ۣ֮еĵλһ
ͩȻûôϼʵҲԿһˡֻΪϼʵܴеʱ򣬻ӿֳʮǿߣеʱֻһ
ǣ̾ʿֳһȻ̤š
ͩҲֳһЩʿС
һ̤֮Уеһо۵ףڳˣͩڣҲΪ֮һ
ռؼ󣬼½½ô
֮ذڷһӣϾͰڷǸɱ
ͩųʶɨһȦ
ռɫĲͬΪΣֱӦͨɱеɱϵɱɱɱ

Уͨɱռһϣֲ
еɱϵɱռ˱ĳɰ˷
ɱռʣµ
ɱλڱľͷȻʮ֮࣡
Զ֮ӵϵɱĿֲƼʵǶɱɱͲˡ
ɱҲͰˣǶʦ߽ųơ⡱˼ȻǾˡҲ˵ɱΪƵ۷֮ˡ
ɱɱɣ
нܹͻƶĲΡ
ɱɱ֮Ĳ࣬ͺ۷ۺͼԪ֮һ
ʵĲࡣ
һԪֻѰһɱǾͩϵţǽ죬ͩȴ￴ʮɱ
ʮ屶ĵ̰
ˣǷˡ
ĵʮϣ
ͩһȥʿǿһĻҲͬˡ
ϽȷϣûΣաͷѹе𾪺̰
ûд̰κ˿һĻ̰֮ģҪһֱܵľ»ѵӵõļԼ֪ǿ󣬿»ĺѹ̰

һУȺеģκ˲˽أͩʶ
ͩڳеʿָѣѹе̰ΪǲɵܹõҲӲȥʵһ㣬֮һ´󹦣Ⱥ϶ٲʹֺͣαðΣȥ̰أ
ָ֮ʿǿʼɢ̽
ڱֳ֮ͩһʶռ䣬ټͷ¡
ʮλ۷ٿܻ顣
żۿʵ
ѾǱ֮еΡͩģͨͨԻ
ڳе۷ۿ֮󣬶סˡ
⣬⣬ģ˶ʵ
ǷˡͩЦŻش
ˣǷˡλ۶̲סؽе
֧֣һԪչͽ˳ˡҲͬ
壬ؽ˰ǬԪۺȻͩΪ۷ۣλҲǺ巽ͬĶʿ
ޣ̰ˣصǣҹζࡣ۵ǵ˵
ģҺһα壬ҪǷֳȥһ棬Ƿǵú۲

壬´в˴жˣԲ͸¶˿ϢΥ۴۹ϵ
ͬ⣡
飡

λ۷۵ͷӦ
һᴫġͩͷ
֮ͩڵ´ߵȼκθ͸¶жϢߣ۴
ڳ񣬽о
û˸ǿ۷۹ͬ´
ͩ룬˵Ϊ˱֣ӡǵμ䡣ֱǳΪλμŻ⡣ǿ
һ£ãΪ֮УֶΣܹǿڣܹ֪ʲôǵļ֮ڵصܡһλ۷۳ַӡ˼䣬ôͲйصĵˡ
ҵԸ⣡һʿӦ
ܺãǵĹͣȺǲǵģӦʹ;Բǵġڰѷٻɡͩοص˵ͷ˵

̽ٷȫٻأһظۣһ
ͩ˵ͷ˵һ㣬Ҫʩˡ
˵գͩһָȵε֮䳾⣬ȥ
ָϲһصϢΪٵЩʿü֮У׼ȷЩξ֮УȻξ֮зӡǵؼ䡣
ͩʩ֮Щ˶ξ֮УҪһʱŻѹѹʱصļͻʧȥ
ڴ֮󣬳ͻλ񡣷֮£ܹʤͩķ磬˭Ҳ֪һܡ
ͩô˻ᣬ̤뱦֮С
ǰһͩڱ֮С
ͩһɣȵգǬ֮ڵʱմԻĵ
ͩȻ˴ҲֻͨƤëѡ
ʱմһֵΪͩоʱġա־ĵãܹ޳ɴ
֮ͩеĶһǬ֮С
ΪͩóЩɱļҲǲӦþνľľľȻγɵľͷǺƶɡ

úͱɱܹɱԣرɱܹԲʧ
ȻľͷƼѾʧˣǵʱҲоƵļ档
ͩ˱⣬ʩչʱ֮⴦ĹȥʱաƵ˿ܱʱջ֮صĿԣ뿪⡣
ͩʱ򣬱ͩӡ˼ʿҲξ֮ѹ
μۡЩʿȻЩԺԼô˯ȥˣ֮ͩ󣬶ͩ
رձţ·ӡȻκ˲ӽͩ´֮󣬱ͨ͵ֶΣ뿪ϵȥˡ
ǣͩͨǳŲԶĴϡ
粽֮㵽˳ǰ档
سͩ޴ۣ
ͩûǣûͣ£ĵͨܿϵ˳ǰ
˳ؿڵأλпյ۷۶ˡҲһǰ
ܺã;ûͺãһ
㵣ʲôĽ֮ڣأԻͣô⣿׻۴ЦȡЦ۵

ؿɣռ̫Сͩ˿˵
۴ؿ⣬ؿ޽֮һֱõı֮һ
߽ͩؿ⣬˵ͷĴСܹװˡ
ͩһڣͬϵɱһһ˳ţڵϡ
һⱻˡ
ɳļӣֻʮ
ɱڳǼʶ֮һ۾ϳʮﲻ֮ͬ
ʮʮ۸̾
콵ưˣǷˡ
ããñ
ôɱȳɱһˡ
ôɱʵȻļλ۷ۡ
ΪӵȨֻǶϲŻȥ
´󹦣⴦ؾԭҲ㹱׸Ⱥģһ棬Щɱ֮Уѡһۿ˵
νѡһ˵ͩѡɱ֮󣬲ɱҲͬͩ
˵ˣɱ൱ڹͩԼϼ˽ˡ

ʮɱ֮У߼ǹɱǷɱһɱһϱԴɱһһϷɱ
ϧûһ϶ɱ
ͩϹɱϷɱԲöѡˣֻҪ֮ѡһ
ͩ϶ɱԣϷɱҪλãʱų
ֻʣɱϱԴɱˡ
ͩұ֤ɱܹ˳ԣҪѡһܹΪ֮õɱ
ͩһ£ȴѡɱΪֽ׶ΣͩȱжⱾԴɱ㹻ˡ
ͩһͻ˼ԪΪ˴ɣޱߣһĴǧ֧ţʱ費ҪԴɱһ⡣
ԴɱͩͻƼԪ֮ôСöˡ
ҪԴɱ֧ŵĴɣǿߣǲ´ҪǿԪ֧Ųô󷢻
󷨣Կһ磬ݹԶԶǿʩչļܹȵġ߶ǣҪķ

ɣɱǶҾѡҾѡġΪɱֻһͩҲ뵲۷۵ĻԵ
ͩѡˣҲںһ
Ҫ֪ͩҲͬЩɱȨ
ãӦ
Сӣǹ龫ȳȻѡǰɣ㶼ռˡЦ
ڳ۷۽ˣֻͩȻͬҲڳˣûȥ
ֻǹزңÿһλ۷ۣһᣬѾˣҲùˣֻǬԪ컹ûжáһ֮󣬱ҪӦɱܶһᡣ۲ûΪԼѰ˽档
ûд۷ۣӵϵȨɱᣬҲҪչ
ҲԼ۷ΪȺЧѷʽ֮һ
֮ȥѰɱ̫ƮˣҪĻԵÿʿִԵġ
ԣҪӵɱΪȺףȡЩʿΨһ;


584  ĺ
⻹ЩڳӴʿ;Щһʿ;Ҳûأ
һǿΪɽʿҲ˳
һƣһżٶ꣬ɹ֮󣬵õء
ɢޣȥż
ҪѶʱأ
ͩõҲڱŬĽ
ʮɱ֮ͩ⣬дѵĻȥԡ
ֻҪܹһļǵʵؽ
ͩΪʲô֮ǿΪ֮⣬Ϊͩϵװ̫ǿˡҾҲߡ
ڳλ۷ۣÿһ㹻ɱ㣬㹻һˡ
һɱͻڴˡ
ͩˣͩΪɹţɱ͹ͩˡ
ͩЩΪȺ˲ٹͣնɱ۷ۣȺΪ˽ͩٵɱ㡣
ԣͩҲܹһᡣ
ͩżڳ֮УȱɱҪøгԡ

ͩͺ׷ŭˡ
ͩ뿪˳صԼĵ۹֮Уһ檻˴£һαչȥˡ
ڵͩ˵ɱǽΪڵķȫһɱ
ֻгΪԪֳ֮ɱǿ
ȻɱܹͩҲƴǾˡ
ͩڵľϵ̰ܹˡԼԼģԼģǿҲû塣
ʱڲ֪֮
ĽͻȻ֮һһꡣ
Щʮ½ȴͬʱ֡
쳣󣬳嶥ļλ֪֮⣬֪ˡ
ļͷΪ˻һ
ˣǹȻˡۼ˵
ƻʼˣȵǳɳ֮ǾͿ·̡Ѫʨۿڵ
ڴҸԷͷ׼ɣս׼Խ걸ԽáѪʨѵ
ȵЩѳɳϴļɱٺ٣֮˭ֹܹţЦ˵

ȵλǰָΪ彫ǰǿʲô֯ʲô޴ۣԲڻ£ӥ۴
޴ۣɱçۣʵڸ˳һҪ
֯Ⱥ󣬾͵ԾԵѹɡ

ЩҪǴȥȻȻ󲨡
֮ǿ۷۵ҲڶʮңʮλûС
ȴ˼ʮλ۷ת١
ȵǳɳ֮ڣͻΪһǿ壬ĸ͵ǳһ㣬Ҳǿʵ
ǸʱһֱжԹɾˡ
ڣпֱܷӸֱӴҲ˵
ϾҪ˼ʮλ۷ۣټϼɱĻռоԵʵʲô鲻
ȻֳΥΪҲ𼸴󳬼ֵơ
λ󳬼Իֵƣ
ΪҪάһƽ⣬ţƽ⣬ǵĵλŻӳȻ

ͩԼҵĵ۹֮бչء
ʶ̽εİء
ĺÿһǻӳձʵһ档
νԡ
鱾ڱôҫۣҲȫ˽Լʵ͹۵һ档
ĺʵԪʶҪҵڣֻڲִ֮пѰ
ͩʶѾ̽Ĺ֮Уȫģ˹ȥûʱռĸʶҲȫƳ˯״̬֮С
ԭͩȥѰĺڣ״̬֮󣬾ʹڿ벻֮䣬ԭܲѰҪˡ
ڴ֮ǰͩǧ꣬һ
ͩҲ֪ҪҶ೤ʱҵֻͩһһεȥȥ̽
գ֮ʮ͹ȥˣͩȻûгء
񼶱ʱġ
ûнݾߡ
ķչӿ˲٣ΪõһԶıأĵ̴
ͨɱеɱĶһ۸ɣҲǰһ񣬺һԼϲɱʵ
֮ȺͬλҲڱ
λȻûбҲڻ
˵֮ͩǰų֮ƮѪ˿ҲΪƮѪۡ
⣬ͩͬһѡ봫ŵһǣֻҪû䣬ҲɳĶǿߡ

ɽˮﻨ㡣
ɽϣһͨĵۣĵڹǰȭǿ
ͩͩѣɻˡһϤͩ
֮ͩ˹
ʦͩ˫ۿһӣ˼ؽ˳
ɻˣһԼķɨһ£Ūһ㣬οӦÿɽˡۣͷ٣һڵ˵Ĵ硣
ͩ£Ժ֮䣬ƺһΪΡУΪһǿĶǿߣ棬ݺ޵С
εĹȴˣҲΪѵԵʰɣ
վ۷壬£ΨҶĸоʵ̫ˡ
ͩػһɨ
ʮӣͩ͸㶨һУȻȥ۴Σ緹ǽӴοͣΪοͽǩɡ
ʱգ֮͹ȥˣһʱ䣬ƺԼżɽʱ䡣
ͩӴȡԵĹסͭǮһСľɽˡ
ʦ֮ǰ÷ʮͩһֱڿרУпձɽһԼĹ
Ҳͩϰߡ

ͩ˹֣һԼϤ̯λһӺӰȻְߣĵصȺ
ڽӴ˾Ÿ֮ͩȻ֮ӿһϤУƺһжˡ
ͩţȻסˡ
Ϥļ䣬ӿͷЩ䲻֪Ϊʲô˿̹ġ
ҵļûгĻôٹһһԣСŮʵԼͩа
ȻһһŮһСŮͩǰ
壬ҽʲô𣿡СŮϾؽе
ͩ˲һ˼ű˱ƽ
ͩûǮó˹ͭǮʼز
£ͩĽе𺳸ˡ
һ˵ļӿͷڹСʱᷢһСŮ֮٣
ԼΪ˶ײ
һеһУͩһֲʵĸоʱյתĸоͩš
ѵĻص˹ȥ
СŮĸĸе
Ŷк£ʮ꣬ƶСԵǿΪСռһԣСõǶ٣ͩʵ

շΪͩԼŮʹͩҸͩԼŮ֡
ͩһռԲ
Ҳ֪ǲǵĴڤڤй֣Ȼ漣Сһ˳̣
Ҫ֪ͩǰĵУһ˳ָֻ̣ĳѡ
ͩ𾪵ľǣͩСڲ֮󣬽һ١˽ٶɹ֮Сһ˳ʮ꣡
ν٣ǲܱĽ
Ҳ˵ͩϼ䣬й¶СԶ·ʱҲѣνӾ˼
δֿܣپͻνʮľţȥһڡ
Ҫɹ٣Ϊ䵲٣
ͩɳĬˡ
ʲô𣿡°ְֵǵؽеΪͩĲԾ
Ŷ˼ѧղȻʲôҲûղŵһԣ¾͵ˡ쵽ΪֹˣҪ̯ˡͩһ飬֪룬Ըɴ̯ˡ
¼ڣûʲô
ټСаͩݰݡ

ͩСӣаЦݣɫ԰ףŬؼһЦݣֵټС¡
ͩʰ˶黹֮ԭƻȥԷȻһͻصȥġ
ڣﻹԵ·
еһĻͣԺ֮г֡
ͩףҪǲȣôСŮȻڳ֮¡ȥȣ׼ٳ֣Ҳӵ֮
ֱ֮ͩ
ἺΪˡ٣˵ףҪҪȥʣͨмܹ
ͩڽϣһһҺ׷ǹʣҲûʲôɣ
ôСĺӣҪڷǶô飬ĸĸֻεıʹ˼ҾҪǰҼȻ𣿡
ֲҶģʲôϵҪȥȣͬɡ

ͩоԼֳ룬һ飬һ뱯ˡ
ţô˵Ӧһͨˣһʥˡ
ͨ˲ἺΪ˵ľ˽ǵĴ֮ͨˣʥˡ
ͺιӥӳʣȡ壬ҮԸ֮ġ

ͩ޵꣬Ȼû޳ʲôҲڷ˺ʥ֮䡣
ͩһʱ֮䣬
Ϊݼʾһȥȣɡ
ȣһѰ
ʦҸôͩһ̳ϣɵɵ
֮ͩеĵ䣬һһԺ֮Թ֮ͩ䣬ƺ󳹴
Ȼ򲻾ȣӺġ
ڤڤ֮УͩǾ֮˥ıľȻӰڵͩ
ͩ޸ĸ¶һʦһ֮ƣңˡʦһƣ֪ҶȴּȣҲԭҡʮǰҾ͸ˣʦͣô꣬ҲˡͩԵ
ȣҾҪȣΪ˴ԼҲϧͩͻξ֮УԼܵģ۷ǿߵͩϳ֣ǧˣӣ
ͩļǰϵ˼е·ص㡣


585  ӳձ
ͩһ̳Ͽǣ֪֮䣬ԼҲ֪ʵʱѾȥСʱ
ͩϵ·صʱÿСŮĸĸǣźҪ·ڴʱСŮеˣСŮܵǰȥ񣬶һɫܳɳ۶
֮ͩе龰𣬵ȴһġ
ʱͩСŮЩԶҽǶбԵʮȣмܳСŮľ뻹ҪԶ˵ˣǱܳܵû졣
СģͩЩȻԥس˹ȥҪˡ
漣ˣͩٶȾȻȷɳ۵ܳҪ죡
ͩһСŮƿԼȴܳײš
֮дֲͩײһ֮䣬һԤĿ־нɡ
ʱһֹͣˡ
ͩȻ֮䣬͵˫ۣ˹
мع飬ͩȻ޴ۣǿ۷֮һ
ͩǰ峹һ澵ӵСлͩɫܳײ˲Ӱ
ѵĺղŷһоӳԼԵḶ́ͩ̾

ͩԼо˼飬ԼҲ֪Լԭΰ󣬾ȻἺΪ˺ͱ˵ػ
Ҫ֪ӹʿһ˽Ⱥ塣
ڣ˽ʿΪԭ䱾Ҳȫġ
Ӧɣͩ˵һɣ֮·ȻͩϣĽ
Ϊ̫ͩŲµǣҺ
֮£һΣҲͬѡ᲻ڣ̹ͩشЦ
ǰһʶĺռ֮뿪
ͩѰóѵķȻΪûеõ侳ȴѾ̤˰벽
ڴ󲿷ֻѰĵܣͩѾһؼ衣ʣµľϣܳһԼĵ·
һĿޣҲûа׷ѣͩղָһ㣬ԭһ붨ѰȻֻ˼ʱ䡣
ʵϣѾǧ꣡
̤ͩѰ֮;ͻһڶĿޡ
ͩȴʿ˵ʱĲֵǮ
һαչأǼǧȥˡ
ͩؼһԳ͸͸ˡ

ͩأ޵۹˵ȻǴ£ܿģȴǵһ檾ͼеͩ޹֮ڡ
ұչض꣬ʲô·ͩʵ
д·Ц˵
£ͩʵ
ֳһλ۷ۣΪģԡ¶澭һɹɹ֮˥ش
ãȻǺ¡ͩ϶ػش
ֶһλ۷ۣӴķ˵˵۷ʵֶһλСķ˵ĵλԺա
ΪĿǰΪֹ֮⣬֮Уûλ۷۳һҵġ
֮⣬Ҳͻƿ۷ۡ˵
ͩΪȣҲ˵ͩչصǧ֮䣬Ͷλ۷ۡ
һʮλ۷Ⱥ֮УҲܹǰˡ
ĵķʲôͩʵ
ţ졯ۡش
־ϸ˵ͩͷ޵

ڹϸ˵ش¶澭Դɵꡣλҵ۷ۣҲͬǴʬɽѪ֮߳ġ
ͬвǿߵѪǳս֮ϣɹ֮˥նзλ߽ۣݵӥѡ
ͩصϢվʹǸ߲㡣
죬۾ߵ޵۹ǰݷá
Դţ˵ۣ
˻ǳƺΪİɣһЩеػص
ãģ˳Ӧ
ͩڴ֮УԱߡ
ͩĴ˽ϸشһλҵڶλ벽ɡ
ĳõʮͨһϢǲִʬɽѪ֮߳ǿߡ
ģڣˡĹ˫ϥأͩһĴ
֮񣬱ˡպ󣬱㲻Ҫ˶ˡȺ󣬴ΪȡϺ󱲣ܹﵽһѾɳƱһѡˡ֣ͩص˵

Ӳҡǫְһ
ˣ˵ɡҶһˣҪôˡͩϴЦλϺ󱲵ǹǫ֪ТˡֵεСˡ
ġϾ¶澭Ҫ˷гɣ⡰¡ֲ˵ġ
ûжغƷУ˵ԣҪ˷ɵǲܵġҪ֪⡶¶澭֮УӦ´
ֱǣ¡¡ʥ¡¡¡
Ϊ⣬Ҳǲɶõĳɵݾ
ݾ
ûдĳ˵ľǽݾ
ΪԲ֮ʱȫֻ֮ҪܹܹԲһߵ൱졣
˵⹦´ҪͻƼԪ㹻Ĵ󹦵£һеͩǰһжԸʱط
޵۹֮Уֱߵϯλϡ
ܹɹ˥֤벽ޣϲɺءӣͩ̾
Ҳ˥ļһ˥ϡܹ֤벽ޣҲ˵СͩĻ֮󣬲мָд뼰ǰһϵˣ֪ж١

һ֮ϣڷŵЩλ֪ʿΪ޵Ĵ۾жˡ
ɵ֮;ǧľš˶԰ֻˤȥˤ÷ǡ
ᳫ֮Ϊ·̫пˡ
ͩ۵Ϊָ벽֮·ʡ˲ʱ䣬
۵ʮȥˡ
ˣ۷ۣûȥɱɣ۵ʱͩʵ
ûСҡͷ
ţԲ֮ȥܹɱĻᣬѰ֤ݷȻҲбףԼȥðɡֻͩһ䣬Լȥ
Ϊ磬ǼĴˣЩ˵̫ס
һȻͩĳһټҳ㷹֮ĲǵڣӸˡ
ȥɣпճͩ˵ͷĳš
ʣⷬݼͩӲͩ
Ϊͷϣͩ൱ƱЩʱ仹൱صġ
ϼҲ˽ɵһһת

ͩڼϢ£߳˵۹ȥ
޴ۡתͩȻͩӭ˳
ͩᳵ·˶۵İ칫ҡ
Ҿ֪֮һңչôʱ䣬ջһɣۺͰЦ
㡣ͩûз
ûпЦ۷ˣʵչǧʲôЩǣΪˣһ˯Ǽʮȥˡ
ͩЦǻм٣
ϲϲ黹飿صʵ
Ȼ֮·ͩĵػش
֮·Ҫ֤ǿءһأΣգòҪ֮˵ɵܶбָ··ӵǲңѾڴˡۿ˵
ͩˣһǵͷȣ
ͩȻʱָ·Ч޲ɼ
ͩıʱɱġ
ķȻ㼰ָ֮ͩ·ⲻٵģʵ
ɱ൱ɱѼԪ̺ǰ˳֮ء

һλʿıɱôλʿ֤֮·ɱָ֮ʺϴ˵ķš
ԣ벽ͻƼԪĳɹҪʿ
벽ɵıûдﵽɱļֻжɱҲܹΪλ벽ָһŵķͷ
ܱһͷˮصҴҪõöɣ
ͺѧоͷʹľûͻƷҪʮʱרСһͻƷ򣬻ֻҪʱܹоɹ
ýʡ֪Դʱ䡣
ٲã벽ɼĴҲѰ߽Լı
ֻҪԴ㹻ɱ֤֮Ų
ͩȻȲҪؼұչأʱ֮вԼ֤
ͩԹˣסɳ嶯Ҳһʱ̡
ͩһɱģѡһɱΪ֮á
ͩȻѾһܿɹ󣬿ǧҪиΪһ֪֤ţһ׼ҲɵĿʧܣۺӵظͩˮϣͩ侲侲侲

ҪΪΣеļԪǰļԪ֮У١ǧλ۷ۣɹͻֻһλһ۷ʵ̫ˡ۵λǰһԪûи̤һĴܡ۷ۣӵǧλ֮࣡ô˵ҪͩĽ
һ룬⣬۷۾ӵǧλϣʵǺεȵľˡ
лǰָ㡣ͩľȻȶ۸һʱϾ綫۳Ҷ峤λϣѿȫ꣬ȻǳءҶĵϸָơ
ţСÿûʲô£һǶ˱еɱ˰ɣۻһһתת
ǰۡͩûз
СӣһװݻޱȣҶ̲סҪСӡۿʮ˽ͩмɱ
ѰʿܹһɱǾϻԵˣ˵ͩݻˡ
ҪɱȫƾԵ¶дͩĳ嶯ˡ


586  
ͩڶ۵Ĵ£ؿ֮С
˿̰ڷؿ֮еɱֻʮѡЩͩչأѾλ۷۳ɹѰ˻Ե
ףλд˻Եͩʵ
ۺ˻ԵɺϣЦе˵
ޣǰ϶Ƶ˰ɣͩЦʵ
˽۵˵ͷϵ
ģͩеЦ
롢Լʦ涼Ѿι׼һһɹֻһ֮ۿ˵
ŶôᣬǲǶ𣿡ͩʵ
ǬԪ汱һŻأǳսԨְ𲻱䣬죬һᱻɵ½½һҪĴӪҪְΪش۷ۣʵԭԨȥ򷲼ģˣǾͺðˡۿ˵
ͩЦ˵ҳصǲɰ
СӣɢЩ꣬Ƕ߻ˣҰˡ۴

һתۿ˵ٹʱ䣬ҲλˣʱλӣõĻ㡣
ͩһ£漴ͣҡͷɣ򲻿ɣǸλ̫ۣĵ̫࣬ҿɲȥ
ϧˡǬԪȻ۷壬ɣ̫ߣ֮УΪ㲻λã˭ۿʵ
ӹǽ׳Ϊβȥأֵͩʵ˵ƿز˾ƣλеζ۵ͣء
һҪչ֮λͱ꣬λ֪ǰ֮棬֮󣬵һǰλУƶķչ񣬵𣬶ֳɹһɱԺͱѹȺ̡ۿ˵
ͩ˵ͷǣҾõԶûеʱ򣬵ڶܵıˡһ룬ǬԪ졢λ۽ڵڶǰ
ˣֲ࣬ڸٷչʱڣӦøг徢ƶ档˵
ûʱ䰡ѾѰϵֻ벽ѣȫ֤һ;ϡɹ֮λӶ缦ߣɹҽڴǰûԺ󡣡ͩᶨؾܾ

֮˼ᶨҲգ֮УΪԺա֮λҲȻҡȻ㲻Ը⣬ôһԣۿ˵۽磬һԼķչ
Ŷұҵ־ɵΪ˵Ҫô۷壬Ҫô˥֮¡߽µµ֮ǰǿü׼ͩһеġ
ΪҸ࣬ʵֻҪ۷壬Щֶ䣬ʱ䲻̫ԣǿҲ޷ơһ۷壬־ȫһˡͬҲִȨơ
ԣԽԽǿ󣬽һ֮ƣжӶ֮⣬󳬼С
ǿңȨܹ֮УռݵȨƲɡȨģһɵһȨ
Ϊ˥ѹ֮£ûǸʱ;ȥȨ
ҵһǿĲΪƿزʲôȨ

ûֻҪ˵ͩʼ˵
Ѱоشġ¶澭˷ͨʥ֮˵ɾ۷ߣӦòʺλõˡҲ֪Ҫ˵Ĳ˵ͩ򵥶١¶澭Źͩûв˽˳輸λ۷۹Ħ֮Σؼϳ˹Ӧļʮ
ŹҲĲؾ֮ڣΪ߾ѧĴҪҲħģ⴫
ΪŹϾشɵ伮ܹͩѾؿСҶˡ
ͩЦЦ֮Ϊ⣬ʥ֮Ϊʥʴ
ǻ֮ɨϰ˻ģƽļ
һһһλʥȻʢһƾһԪĵ̣ʥԴ˶ѼԪڼԪ֮ڣ׷
ͩ붫һ̸ö۽Ϊȥ
ͩЦЦûж˵ʲôʼɱ

ͩѡɱԴɱϼ֮ȫһС档
ϱԴɱҲϼµɱһ㣬ܹ洢ʮٱڼķ
ϱԴɱֻܹ洢һٵķ
ν٣һԪ˼
ΪĵλһٵķǺεȺޱߡ
һλɳϴ֮ʱͻӵһٵķȻҲġ˵ϴĲͬȻһĴɺϵ֮󣬾ͻһٵķ
ԣҪϱԴɱҲҪȵͻƼԪ֮
ͩҲû˷ʱȥԡ
ϱԴɱһ۷۳Թ֮ٽΪΪУ㲻۰ﲻˬˡ
ͩһҲ£ͽԴɱѡߣôȻλ۰Ĳˬ
ͩǶԹʧ֮ôͩٽߣͲ˶ߵı֮ģȻͲ᲻ˬͩ
ͺ֮ͩǰΨһһϷɱţˡ
λ۷۶ӦףغĽ˼ΪţҲԹֻԵѣ˱ͩҲԹˡ

һܼ򵥵ʣͩҪ̬ȾûǵĻԵԣ˭ûʸԹңҪԹԹԼ뱦Ե
ͩǣɱȻҲܹ⵹ͩϲá
ͩһʱѡɱ
ɱ̬Ϊ죬һɫı飬ϸԿһ糱Ĵӣϳ챦
ͩʶռ֮С
ͩһɽǰɽһʯϣһƪͨ
ƪΪ̡ǧ֣ͩһ۾ͼϸϸĦ
˰ʱ䣬ͩԭҪɱͱƪͨ
ƪͨȴǼ˷ͩӦǷһԾ챦¼ڱ֮ڣһ̶֮ɣôܹɱˡ
˵ףඡ
ΪͬΪı
ʿͩһ㣬ǵҷţƪͨȻҲûܹ˾ķУòķ

ķɱ˶꣬λ򱦡˷ţҪɱ¾ǧλλ
һ̫ˡ
ͩϵλҲֻнλѣҲ˵ҪƪͨͩҪɱʮλ
ⷨŽħֶΣ
˱ԭˣȻһλͨħ
ΪƪţҪɱǧ޹λͩҲĺ֮
ͩɱǿߣǵжԹϵɱ֮ް
ͩ鱾ԣܴɱ䣬ɱ޹Ϊһ뱾Υаͩϵľ
һòʧ
ԣͩϵطݾ
ͩʧܣ̾һһϹؿ⡣
ۼͩôͳˣһѱֵʵô㲻˹ɱ
ʧˣǼɱʧܣڱԴɱûгԣѽΪȺҵıɡͩ˵
ҲʧˣһΪͩ죬ɱ޲ɹء

ͩ˷ۣ̾Уֲȫ֪ȫܣҵĻԵûа취ǿ󰡡
۵˵ͷԴΪдϾʮλ۷۽Գһֻ˳ɹɱ
ֻ˵Եѵã̫Ʈˡ
ⱦ֮еɱȫõĻôʵ֪ǿ̶ֳˡ
㻹Ŀʱ䣬֮󣬾Ҫ½ˡۿ˵
ͩ˵ͷʾˡ
Ҳ֪½ְӲˡ
ְֻʵأһ˵½мֵġ
Ψһ½ڣеģֻ
ЩԪδǸɧ
Щǰǿ˺ֹ
ԣЩʵòʵˡ
սϣһֹİͣս״̬
ͩһûгɹµɱֻʧػصԼĵ۹֮мչء
ͩûż檹ƽдңӣ̬

˰֮ͩ۷״̬˾֮Уչز֤š
ͩһţ³ʱУϸϸһ֮̾Ȼǵºڣ벻ɵţȻһıϡ˷ǳɹôҲܹһպɾδػʥʧܣҲܵǣԴ𣬵붥ɱļ𡣡
νһپ٣һ
ͩʼʱϵĽط
ʱڲ֪֮ȥˡ
ͩûз£˼ʮλλ
ǣЩλ񼸺ͬʱӿֳġȻܣڲҲ֪
ĵ̣λǿҪѲ鵽ϸ
ͺǰҲһܡ
Ҳ󳬼ƲͲ²һŵĿ٣޴֪ˡΪҲ鲻ûбûصֶΡ
ͺһ۳ɹͻ۷壬ȴ
ͻƵĵص㲻ԣͻƳ۷Ҳ


587  
ͩչزʱ֮ص֤š
ֻɱɬԲǶʱ֮ڣܹóġ
գ֮䣬ȥˣͩջ٣ֻγء
һĲҪ𣿡ڵ۹ǰ̲ͩסʵ
ˣп¶вۣһȥĻûоտǡȫͩҡͷ˵֮ǰͩһԣ¶ԣա
ȻͩҲգڵ׵磬ɿʵ֡
Ȼ࣬Ҳ㹻ͩˡ
̤ͩ˵۹֮ǣȻɿն𣬴򿪿ռ֮ţ˽ȥ
ʱ֮ͩӰ֮пĽ¾Ƿƽľ޴ǳء
½ĳС
ͩĳ֣ûע⣬ȴû˿۹֮еۡ
ۿ粽֮˵۹ͩǰ
ޣˣǴŦ㽫֮Ŀ֮£ҿԽ˴ͨг磬½óһ̽ͩ

ͩӹ̣ͩķ̡ܿ
ͩȫ֮һйڴƵϸϢͳͩԺ֮С
ͩϸϸƷζһ֮󣬲ſ˵󷨣
ǺǣǵȻԴռ½֮󣬱һֱڲƵ󷨡Ц
ˡͩ˵
Ϊߵ󷨴ʦܹ󷨾ҲǣͷʦŽġ
ʲôҡͷЦͽˣ֮УʮλλλšӦһ¼ˡ
ˡͩͷӦ
ޣ۷ǳ㣬Ϊ䣬£úñչǡʵ൱ɵģɱȱĲҪɵöˡ۵٩
ǰ˳Ƕع磬˿Ҳɲ˶١ͩɫһƨ

۹ˣҶˣʲôģԼȥҡˣһˡƨˡ
ͩһ˵۹֮С
ʶһɨͰ۹ɨһ顣
Ȼ۹֮Уɨ˶ûСһ۹ҪתͩһȻǲܵġ
ͩεֻôӼ֮е˹ʹඡ
ڶ죬Ҿ͵ϰ۹ʼͩ칫Լ̺ͩ
ˣҲֻͩ¡
۹תļʮλλڴ֮ǰռ֮Уݷùͩ
Ҫͩʵ࣬ҲҲһ
ֻͩҪֳһ߰ڰ칫֮УԴһз
ͩı۹֮Уĵ󷨿ģչ
νͩػ⴦󷨺ġ
һ˴£Ҫ󷨵ʱܹʱ
ܹ֮ͩ½ԼļӷΧ
½ǺεȺ嫣
󷨣ͩԼ½ɴ˿ɼ½ľӪǶôǿ

ȻּӣҲֻǹ۹۴֣з½鶼¼
Ҳ˵󷨵ܣ鱨ŵĲ¡
ͩϤһ֮󣬱רıչز֤š
ͩߵ֮··Ĳ裬ͩǴӴ֮пȣ˵֤ýѧһУ۳һŵ֣
ڶǽȡ֮С
ϵԼԼ۵ĵºһ
⼸ǳ
Ѿڣۣÿһλʿ۵ֵķʽһҪʿȥ
һͿס˲ٵĴʿ
ڶȡνȡȡķźͷҪʿԼȥ
һϵΣյһأвɣȫʬ
ɱ֮Ļ֮ΣҪҡ
ѵľǣ裬ֿܷһǳɣ
Ҳ˵㿪ʼ۵֮ʱ֤֮ʱͣ£ͣµĻɣϡ
򵥵˵֮·ĺϵؼǣ۵֮ȡ֮ϵ֮ѡ

ͩѾʱ֮У۵ֵЩţݺеȡ
ͩʱ֮۵ֵķţȻʺͩķţԣͩķõĴֻҪʱ佫ȫݳ䳹ơ
ڵĽȣֻͩҪٻѶһǧ꣬һʱ䣬׼׵֤š
Ϊ𣬲֯Լɱͩתʮ۷ۡ
ɲǿЦģ
һЩ;ΪˣʣµĶʮת֮˳ɹͻƵλľ硣
Ϊǰļ;ڣǶ꣬ǧ֮ڣ۷壡
ƻһֱǳأⷢ
ͩչ֮ʱϣ֯³ıۣԵɺϵطһλۡ
֮󣬱֮֯һѹλ۵־Ϊū
ɺϵǣλǴתһλ
ǳɱλȻǰպ۷֮һϧһȻǰļ;磬κΪڵǶ·ϣֿɱ

Ӳ֤ˣת֮ǰôǿ֮Ҳпܰ;زۣ
ū֮󣬻˰˹ȴūе֪һܼƻ
۵ټλ¡
鷳ˣȻԮܲɳʮ۷תڣ׼ԸǣˣѾɳҪ˶ãȵµ۷壬ǿɾ鷳ˡ۴˵
λˣҲ¿ɲС¡
㱨𣿡΢ʵ
ѾϢˣֻǲûлλصڱչذɣ۲²
ȻûлǱԼˡϼ˵
⣬սˣһҪȡս֮жɱתӡۡ
ͬ⡣ľۡ
ãȻˣλȥս׼ȻսһΣҪ״ǣйԲܽ
֮һ۱̬

֯лɢ콫׼Ħ޴½
֯һսˡ
֯ĵڶȫսȻȫ𾪺͹ע
ΪھӣȻյսϢͬʱҲΪעһ
ļͷ֪֯ĵϸһʱټ˾ͷ顣
ֻǵһλ飬ͩڱչȱϯ˻顣
ʮλ۷۾ۼԲǰ
ףأһĿȻʵ
ڿڱչذɣΪҵˣȻҪΪԼҳҽඡ
룬ȥ֪ͨͩۿۿ˵
Ѿ֪ͨ˻ȥ֪ͨˡ۵ͷӦ
Զ½Ļ۽ӵ۵̶뿪ԼҵĹȥ
һλݷã˲ҵ̹ذӭͩİ칫ҡ
ͩĻڰ֮Уϲʲô
棬۱áҵһλλͩ
ͩĻ˹˵ԭǻ۵ãұк£
ڴʱҵλǿߣѾĵ˳ȥҹ˷š

ףԭҪᰡͩĻһѣϣϢ
ˣ֪ڱչǰ֪ͨ˵꣬ǶȥȻѾ֪ͨˣ¾͸ˡ
ʶ˷ţת뿪ˡ
ͩķֳһʶȥˡ
Բ֮ϣһŵͻȻһӰ
Ӧá۽һ룬ͣһͩ
˼ҳٵˣʲô£ǵüȫ￪᣿ֵͩʵ
һ£־ͷֻҪ̫鷢˱չûᣬҲǿΪ黹󲻹һλ۱չصҪԡ
ǣһرشĴ£ͱټе۷ۣλڱչأֻҪǱأᱻҪμӻ顣
أֹأ˼飬һմ˹أĿģҲء
ֱչߵεıչأʶֺɹʣ൱Σյıչطʽ
֯ȫ濪սˡۻش

ͩˣһ£Զ¶˾ݣϽԪϵϷ񣬵õ˼λ۵ԡ
ͩһƿڴȻûȴͣ겻ɢ
شϢ˼ʮ۷תЯɱڡĿģҪԸ֯ǣȷе˵Ŀ֯ҡͩ˵
ļٵİˣȵؽе
ޣ²˵¹ش󰡣ǬԪҲͬ־ݣͩô֪µģôһĹܹôشܣǬԪۺš
ޣ¹ϵشϢǴӺεģҲȵʵ
ûпڣĿ˸ͣҲϢ
ҲûɣӦģΪϢǴ֯õģһӦҲ֯ȫսԭڡۿ֤ʵͩĻ
ǿ֤巽ۡ۽ͬӦ
仰Ҳȷʵ˵ĻɣΪһĴ۶֤ʵˣʣбȻһܣֻΪ۷һЩԲ֪Ҳпԭ飬һʿܣЩģҲ


588  ķӦ
ôݺǱҪæۿ˵
ֱӲսɴЩǿ߻ûгɳɱǻߴ۲
ֱӲսأ֪Ŀģ֪ҪսҪҽڡǬԪۿ˵
һҪһݱ粵Ľڡ˵
ˣҲе˼νʦһҪһõĽڡ
ڻ򵥣ûнڣǾڣۿ˵
ãһڣԨڡԼȫȨս׼ЩļҵóһЩɣǧһսߣʮսߣսɣλһʮλʮλǧ۷ǳóʵ
졢ǬԪ롢죬ĸϰеϷɱΪɱ롢Ϊһ飬һԱΪٿеϹɱټ֮ն콣УͬɱǣɱԨȶ͹غ󷽡ɹ۷

ǣӦ
ڵʵҲͬɱѹ̣ɱ
һȻΪмʮλֵǿԮϾЩǿûȫ𣬻λĽ׶Σûе۷塣
ʹǵ۷壬ҲҪʱȥǰľ磬򷨹ԲݷΣȻҪѴʱȥ
һ졣
һٶķչʵԳϡ
ͩǵܣֻ벽ܹϵ
ķ͵Уͨĵһ۷ۣͩквԣ
⣬һ֮ٿᡣ۽˵
ΪʲôҪһ֮أڸ۷ļһ׼Ϸʱ䡣
Ϣϵƣڳλļüơ
ҲǴղ䷽ʽ
ڳ˶棬˭Ҳᷴԡ۷ۼ壬бͨۼƣ
Ѿ൱ˣֻǸһ۷ۼһƶѣⳡսһԪչʷϣһȺս׼ʱ佫Ϊλ
һʱ̫ơ

ɢ֮ͩټеۼǿٿᡣ
ҵļᣬõǳӣͬǵۼ
֪ͨȥ֮һӵʱ֮еĵۼǿ߾Լеռ֮еļϡ
ͩĵӰȺ֣ͩλֵһϯλ
ҵȼڣۣͩ֮ڳ˶վ
ĳңһ۹һ۹ǿö֮࣬еĹ൱ϸġ
ͩҵһλ۷ۣҲͩҴڵĵλԣ֮ͩеߵġ
ҵڶλ۷ۣλͬȻֺֻԶͩҵڡ
ͩһۣʮֽһŵʵ൱ٶǰһ
ʮλۼǿߣϼ壡һңͬʱҲϵĵһҡ
һʵԱһľż
ϼ徭Щķչ鲼棬
¸ӹ塢šʤ

ɡͩ˵ͷ
ǣһǿ
ܰɡͩȻܣֻҵλ֪ͬĶ˵ˡ
Ķͩһͷſ˵յľͷ飬۾չȺսģ൱Ӵʼսλǧλʮλһʮλһսǧսɡ
ô󣿡ĵۼǿǣȻǸ£ʶ㣬ĿҲɵô󾪡
ӵλʮλһӳһʮ⻹ǰڱ»ӡ
Ҫ֪Щ֮Уõλûгʮ
ģ
ս٣οѵõĴ氡
ãҵĽҪѪιҵΪҪɱ¾
ս˵ҲһļֻҪܹǾܹ˥֮٣
ڳеǿߣûһġͲɵ·֮ˣ̽ʵŵϦӡ

෴ԽΣյĳ棬ԽܹǱЩǿߣɵҪ˥֮£Ӣһս֮ϣԸǺս֮Ҫôս֮ϣҪô֮ͻƼޡ
ϼٶһֱΪսɳѪƽǰĵ·ԣȻ˿ȻǲҪķӣҲͬǵ
Ϊˣ֮еҲԽԽ󡣾֮УнƿϵС
ȻɵѾǼˣ߲㲻ξƿһУҪƽǱеġ
ڣ忪ʼȫתһ׼ɹ硢ͩԼһ鶨

ϼתϣ۷ۼҲʼȫתһʼ׼
Ȼֻһʱ䣬۷ۼǱѾռݺܴˡ
˵ϼ޵ɵȻɼطߺ鱦죬սߣҲ졣
ȻĹ涨൱ϸģ۷ۼҲװսߡҲ˵Щս߶Ҫġ

սֶȻʱƣԽԽȽ
ԣ洢һǰսߣóֱװǺսҲȻҪɹġ
ڴսĺսʣ漰棬˵൱
ҹٷҪͳͼԤ㣬ƽ棬ڲĸٱȽս
Ӵ׼벻ʱ䶼С
һԺٿʮλ۷ۣʮλλ񣬾Եһȱϯ
ڣһ£ΥԼʮ۷ۣͼǾȺս۴
ξȻģһЩеزһ˿˿ǿ߾ȵ
ãսսսսȻͬ
ʮλ۷ۣҪǵǳɳĵط𣿡ºϢҲɵÿֻš
ºɲɡ
ڣºֻǲ޳սֶչҲ޳̫äĿսǲǹɣ͵ɱǲֵġһһ

ĸ嶼
ս´ӹɣڣ齨սίԱᣬЭս׼
ǣ
λ񣬳ΪһʮҿԸҵָۼ˵
սĺսӣȻ׷׿ʼͨϵͳ
ܺãһʮʽ֪֮ͨ۵õϵͳͳ֮ĵЦ
ŶۿʼսίԱĳԱ
ʮλ۷ۺȻǳίԱʮλͳǿԪ˧ҲУǺڲŵļλܡƼŵʮλܡװʮλܡ
ίԱͼ˽λǿߡ
ʵϣѾóһĵۼǿ߲ⳡս
㵽ģûĻսίԱͿʼʽתˡۻһۣʵ
һû顣
۵˵ͷܺãͬЭ״дϣ
սˡ
»Ϊ壬ʼٱµоĿԼ´ս

ʱϢƵ۷ۼ壬ƾֳˣǵԭϲɹ׼ǰһ꿪ʼˡµоĿҲ١
ӵгǿʼսߣԼ׼ߣʽߡʦǿʼͨ鱦ϵĸָ߼鱦ɱ
ߡҩ󷨡ֿƼϸ෱ࡣ
սߺ͵ߣϸ֣ս߷ٸͬ͡ϸֳɳǧ͡
ҩ˵ġġġԪġΪģͻƿģȵϸָʤ
ⲻǿһһܹ֮ġ
װĲɹڶͬƷ֮УѡԼ۱ߡʵĲƷȻ¶
׼ƲʵϾԲС
ôĶҪǲܵġ
ڲĶĿܹͨһЩ˿鵽һЩȻٷóµĴ𰸡
ֻҪɵӣϸһܹ֪ս׼ˡ

ЩȻҲţܵ˵ʧЩҲ˲սӢ֮࣡
ⷽ棬һЩۼǳռˣΪ˿ͨķʽػ䣬ǿ̺ʵ
ҵ֮ˣ޷˵֮Ҳͬ˥֮¡
ԣҵʵͨǿһȻΪԿŵĴǶ˵Ҳһƽģʽ
յϢ֮󣬷Ӧһ
һЩʼֻˡΪΪһš
ԶΧΪ鱨˽һ֣޹ʹ
ŵĪ
ΪڷǳУڷӦ֯ĽʱټһĻôǿɾΣˡ
Ϊˣɳʹߣ̽ս׼Եľ˭
鱨ĸ߼
ֻǣϧǣôҲ޷λ㼶ԣǸܲ鵽ʵĿġ


589  ǧ
ս׼Ҫã֯ȴͿʼս
ȴľռݵĸԪС硣
ЩԪСԴ磬Դһ϶ǴӸִԪС⻷֮µͿɳġ
֯ĵһδսڶ฽ӹɱϵĹ˾
ڶδս֯ļƻȷܵشԴ㣬ڴķչǱսǱ
֯㾡ȫǧȫһ룬һšǧǶٸţ
һǧ˰ٸţ
Ȼ֯ľɻľţ񵱽һ㣬ֳλλ
Ϊ˵ֵ֣֯Ҳ㾡ȫһλԼʮλš
ľųɱˡ
Ѿʼǿˡ
һ˵񼶱𣬳ϣڣԸܵͬҲвΪԴȵԭԸ

˾ѵԴЩʿսǿᣬΪñǰҪöࡣս֮󣬾ͻΪ
һϾͲˡ
ԣξϾֻôķչҲֻһҵλš
λɵľţƿֲ֮
ǳս֮ϣһ͵ڶǿĳս֮£õıҲǧѡȻʮڵı⡣ʮڴ֮УҲֻôһӵǡ
ĳ˵Ǳ˵ս
ɴ˹֮֮֯սǲŽƴ֮ȫս
Ϊ˲壬ʼǿˡ
Ϊ⿿Ѿ޷ֲսġ
˫ǰߵս¼Ϊңÿһ̶гǧ䡣˫Ա൱Ӵ
ս֯һǧ˰ٸţʧһǧšʧͬСλʧǧλŵʧ
λ񼶱߽ʮλϣ

Ϊ֯ǽսǳ뺷ȫʧ֮
ͬģҲЩԲֲ֯ҪĴ򷨣սռƣҲǷһҲͬˡ
ս˵ˣսʿ·꣬Ȼȡʤ
ԣ֯ƺʿռš
ʵϣ֯Ҳҹ̫ͣһҪҲҪʱġ
ԣ˫һľ档
֯ʧŷšʧǧţѾϸ߳ɡ
λ񼶵ĳ콫͸
ϵλףֻаʮλλߴλ
ǣⲻ콫λ׵ǿ߾޷ͻΪλ񼶱
콫λ׵һͻƵλ񼶱𣬱ɳ֮Ϊ콫Щ콫Ϊûλ׵֧֣ʵ಻൱һס׻׵۶ѡ
֯ٶķչѾӿһٶʮλ콫
ҲΪʲô֯Һԥĳչȫս
֯սս档
ͩĿռ佻ƽ̨֧ţϵ㹻ˡսװϵĺЩӴѡ
֯ռĴԪСԴ㣬ټһӹ֮󣬻ӴԴսս

ԴֱӶռ佻׾֮УͿ򵽴ĺڸһͨռ佻׾򵽴սװ
˵ȽʮƷߣֱ˵ڿռ佻ƽ̨֮ϰڷڼߡ
˴󷽵ľٶ֮УǮ򲻵װ͵ô
ͬʱҲ󷽱֯װЧʡ
ͨռ佻ƽ̨ףҲȫرҲָ
Ϊȫͨռ佻ƽ̨סҶȫֿУޡԹˡ
˵ˣֱӺ֯ףΣͬʱսɣ
֯ȫԴ֧Լľġ
ûдĺûзսôӣҲͬҪġ֮еģս֮Ψһĺڣ
һ룬սģǺεӴ
㹻ĺ֧ţղҲҪʱġ
ԣսĳʱŻԵ

ԭз֧ŵǣֻͨһƱػӰ쵽񸴻
ԣ֯սĻҪĺھ֮£Żᶯ÷
֮ȡ֮ٶĴ֧˴ǿȵشϡ
֯ĴڵϽţ߱ϸΪʮս
ʮսѾΪʵĽ˫ֻԺĵľ档
ʧ󣬷߼¸ٴʧҲ붤ϣȡú󷽵ߺ͵߽
ȻԤĿܣҽ̵ı߾ߡǱ߾ĲǶĹ
ƫƫ֯Ĺȫ෴
ö׼ķ߱ϡ
Ӳ߾ߡ
һƣ֯Թı½
ڼתţ֯Ĺϣ͵ߡ

ʮսÿսнǧŻɱÿʧԤϣЩɶľ
Գ˵ĻǸûбҪʧ޿˵Ļ֮ϣǱҪƴ
˳ս֮⣬֯սĺսޣÿʱͻײһΡ
Ȼ˫ĵ֮˭κβ˭˻ȥ˿ڣȻٽս
һʼĺսռƣżǧĶԿսѾӽ𻵵ĵޡ
ʵǰȥһս޲ܴݶߵıͲֹ
κսǼǧһսǱսǱϰλλۺ϶ɵĿս
ֲεսϣҪ۷ۣ
ͩҲƴΪǱΪ
֯ҲλΪףɵĳս࿹⡣
ֻսϵģ֯Ϸǳ޴
Ҫֻս֯Ҳвĺսޡ

սΪģͳ˵ﵽǿս
ĺսսǱΪģͳмԦߵﵽǿս
˫ȣڷͳ־սռơ
֯ڣǲҪսġֻҪԽս
ɴ󷽱˺ڡ
ɾͲһˡҪսǱĥ⡣
սǱɱһ俹ĥ𣬱սֻǷ鱦磡
ԣ˸ǿȵսǿսǱҲȫûĥ
һĥ𣬿ά޺ͱ޸
Ҫǳõĳϵĥά޺ͱҪʱȾԽͬʱҪĵԴҲǳӴɻغѹ
һսǱĥ̶һ꣬սǱͻ𻵣Ӳ˰ˡ
ļҵףôۺҲ˵ܹôսǱΪڻҡ׿˵һǰߵͷ޴ĺսһ𻵣ܶĻɾޱˡ
ĺ󷽣ҲսתţսǱڽŵظϹšսǱõǰߣǰߴҲֻķʽʹáսǱҲרҵάʦͱʦά޺ͱ
ǿֻʽŵס֯ǿ

ֻʱƣǿֻķʽӣҲͬЩսǱĳ̶ȿҪﵽ¡
һ£ҪӴ͵ߣҪӴսġҪתսµսͬʱҲҪټһרзµģǿȼߵս
ΪڶԴ䣬òǰõ֧ⳡս
ٶλ٣ٶʮҡҲľǰǿߵ̡
ΪĴߺ̣ʹʧ˺ܴһȻٶѾָ˹ϾľӢȱʱĳܳһʱ֮ڣһˡ
ϾֶԽҪٸߴԽٲʱĳ
ǰͩסڣͩǻӡ
ͩɾλ׵۷۵ʱʵһҲͼʮѡ
ͩȴ۷۵Ĳ㼶޳Ŵﵽڵĸ߶ȡ
û㹻ʱôţҲֱӺϵ

ҪȻ浮ڣ۷ǧƣȴûһλԪ֮
ΪҶҪʱĳֳһ˵ԽԽá
֪֮䣬ʼսʱʱѾһǧ꣬֯սѾǧꡣ
ǧ׼ֻȷ齨ϣǺսûȫת
սת˼֮սǱѾȫҪֲսʵ
ԣû̾ͷ
ҲڷؽùתΪãսͷųսǱ
ͬģҲʼͳһб
ע⣬б
һƵǣòǿ߾֮ͬ£ǿ̫ĲϾҶΣǰòˡ
ûǰ֮£ǿͻڲìܣԲΪ
бǿգֱϵ鱦գ
̲סջ񣬱ȥξ£ͬﵽĿġ


590  ϵ
ߴ۷ԼʣµĶʮһתڵǰǿ߾ۼĻִ֮¡
ǰΣһ֯ˣǧô֣ѵأ̾
ʽҪ尡ӥһ˵
ߣƾҲܣ۲м˵
ǻҪ೤ʱܽ۷壿ۿ˴ת֣⣬Ҳʶˡ
ҲҪ꣡ۻش
ٶѾǿˣΪ˱ԴֻΪҪĥѡ
ڵĶҲʮֹ죬ƺŲŽô򵥣ǲҲû٣Ѫʨ۸о
òʴۿ϶ػش
һطڶʱ֮ڣָ۷۵ΪʵֻǴ۾Ϊʧۿ˵
طʴǵҲᣬطԭΪ֮õġҲΪ˷ֹǳɳ֮ǰ⣬Ҫ֮ʱŻʹλһԲط

һԲеȺط൱
ֻӵǰ;תǿ߲õóʿóҲûãΪǵľﲻҪ
תĶʮһλ۷ۣǴɱʩչط߶ɱ
Ϸ츫ɱͲбΣա
Ҫ츫ᶯϣʴʵҲ붯÷츫ֻҪȥ֯Ĵͻɾ
ǣ֯ʵҲɱ
ʱ䣬̫ˣûôʱȥȴҽ鿪еʱرʱ䣡Ǵۿ˵
ΪۺûмʱʱرûУҲƵر
ʱ䣬ʱר
ֻǿһľ֮󣬵ǲġҪǶԵĸ򣬶Ȼ⡣
ð취ֻһǵ۷֮󣬿ºܳʱ֮ڶ޷ü˵
ΪдƣҲĵˣֱӼʱˡ
㹻ˣǶʮһ۷һɣǾжʮλ۷һٳΪǿĳʱ֯ʲôʴ۵ͷ˵

Ҳãʱرɣ۵ȶʮһתǿһ֮󣬵ͷӦ
ӥۡͷλǰָս£ֿ֯Ͼ֯Ҳλ۷ۣڿսǱǶǿ֯ķֻʧ󣬶ҺѹҲԽԽء
ڰĦ޴½ٵߺ͵ߵһ߼߾Ķ
ǹǣȻڲϣǱ߾ȴ˿
ԽˣԽǸе
ΪӦ̫ƽˣһֱǰĸо
ʱرֻܿٱ١
ּʱر١ر֮Գ֮ΪرΪǵĹЧأʹôơ
ԣһ˵ʱرǲ׶õġ
ҪķѵԴ٣Ѷִ󣬳ɹʲߡƳ֮ʹôޡ
߼İٱʱرֻζѡһοԳһꡣ
ѪʨۿŶʮһλǿ߽ʱر֮У¶һ˿Цݡ
һֻ꣬Ҫٹһܹ꣬ɨǧǿ𣡡

ǧս׼׼ϣʩתãͷսǱ׼ڼⲢӰǰڵս
ޣôԳ𣿡ϵͩʵ
û⣬ȻЩذû͸ҲġͩӦ
ܺãڴ׼ˣָòģֻԸĳǿߣ߲ٿսߡѵ
ͩĵ۹֮гˡ
̤֮䳯߾һͻظȥ
֮ͩ˳ظϵĿĵء
Ϊ׵Ķʮߴأۼڶľ
ϵսߡ
˿⴦أⳡս۵ָӲһϵλ
ͩӭ˻أָӲλϡ
һڳˣҪ˵ʲôȻ֮䣬˲Ԥ֪⣡
Ȼǻسֵ⣬Ǵǧ𶯣Ի
ܴ̼ҶԼͬͣս£׷⡣
𶯴ǧ󣬾е͵ͩȫʱʱ򣬷ǳơ
ζȴȫͬ

⣬ǣҶЩҿ϶
ӦǺϵʿ̤һϵѼԪͩȻҲǵһο󣬵ǴһżĴܣȻܹظܵеĲͬ
ӦþеĴڳѼԪһλֱ巽ۻҪʸһЩĸ߽ۿ˵
ôΣ˺ʵ
Ȼʧˣ򵱽֮ҲûһλԪ֮ˡ̾ش
ţλ߽۵ͷ
ʧܵĺȻԶԤˡ
ͩѾ֤̽ţѾɾ֮ͣ·ĺϵ֮·ĺϵ󶼲ࡣ
һȻǴǧ𶯣Ȼźϵ룬ִԻ칰աȵ
˵ͩǿʼϵһ֣ոտʼͻǧ֮֮УֻҪӵΪʿܵѹȣԶûͨ鲻Ӱ졣
Ȼλ񼶱ǿߵǿɵ
λֻǿѹȣжҲûСλµʿǰ㷴֮ûС

֮󣬴ǧ𶯵ʧ֮䣬֡ǧһԪСִֹֻֻһ˲䣬ǧǧŰپʮŵûֻһʼԻ
ͩϸһܣȻ
Իʿ˴Ի֮󣬻ٶջԸߣǽ˴һͻƿи߽ۣԵԴ۷壡
ԭˣˡ
ԣ
ͻˣͻˣ߰ٶƿһ򰡣
ǱԴԴԭ֮УλǿͻȻǿҵĴϢ

ѵǾǿںϵĳλ߽ɻʵ
һֲֻ֮һ塣һλ۷
ֻоȫϣֵ֧
˾֮⣬˵֮УҲзǳȫϡ

֮ʷΪƾõ壬ǵĵɲ⡣زˡ
˾⣬ͬǳоһԪͬвپž޵ų֡
֮治УӵĿɲֻͩһ
˵ǰλϵδ֪ܾ֮һ
ͩҲڸȻûʲôоͩȴԽӡ֤Լ֤˵֤к֮ͬ
ԭˣͩջࡣ
ԻڳţҲ룬ʿҲʼؿˡ
ȻԻĴ³̶ȳǵļ֮⡣
ԭսս˫Լͬͣս˻ȥϾٴȥ˫ûкô
ǳսͬҲ֯ս
дܺϵ˵һѵõĴԵ
ûʿ˻ᣬô̤֮ţΪֻΪԺƽ˵·
ĻԵ
Ϊ浮񣬺ϵܼ֮ʮָ֮Ҽʱ죬һΣ˭֪֮ܲ

ԻһʱԻĻϣСԻ
СһһԻֺ칰֮
ǺϵĵʵϣЩǺϵʱ
еһʹλϵֵķȷģǵڶˡ
һ裬֮·֮·ġ
֪ͩһٶʮֺС칰յ󣬾Ϊֵع
ӵһֺСԻʼڶ֡֡
һֱһһʮֺСԻʱ䡣
ɾʱ򣬺칰յȻ޷Իˣɢָֻƽ
ʧˡ
һ۷ˣǿɱ̾
Ȼ󣡡
ͩһ۸̾ϧš
ǰǼ˳ϲӣͩҲе̾
ϵʧܣȻͻȥ䡣
Ϊ֮ͬˣͬϵڼͩɵͬܵĸо
ͩʰһ飬˵λ͵ɣֳһ¡

ǳҲüһʱ̵ġ
ۼ֤һλܺϵܵԻ֮ۼ֤һλϵܵ䣬˭ˡ
ͩͬҪʱúõزһ½á
ͩԤУһܱ˺ϵԼ֤Ҳһѵõ֤ƻᡣ
ͩסԼĶ֮У漴ʱ֮Уʱһٱʼá
ͩûȫ̽ձ˵֤󣬶ϸطԱȣȡ̣֤š
ͩʱ֤֮ţڷǾԲġ
һο֤ʧܣͩһʧܵԭ򣬷ǰ涼ûгֱ칰յʧܣԭпǶԷƵһͳ˴
λϵĴҲǼ򵥣ֵܹķţҿȥȻȷģλš
ͩѰ֮ǰ;ڰ·ߵã塣ҲŬȥԼĵ·ȥѰȷķ
ֻչ˵֤ʵǴġ
ǿٵ·ͼˣ˵һδʧ֮ҵȷķ


591  ս
ͩףûʱָôỨʮٱǧʱȥԼ֤֤š
Ҫһһεʧ֮УȥѰȷķ͵·
ǷǳģãпܻһԪʱ䶼ȷķ
崫п԰ͩڳǰͳѺӵмƣٶԶԶ֮κһλʿ
ڳһ棬ֻܿԼȥоͻơ
һǼΪؼһɹͩպһƬ̹;
ûָļԪ֮ͩһͻƣΪԪ֮ǰܹھŸԪԪ֮УͻƴɣΪ޽ɣҲûпܡ
һٱʱ٣ͩɴ࿪һ򱶵ʱ١
ͩʱʱɱرʹƣҼٵʱҲޡ
ͩʱֻҪ㹻ʱԿʱ١
ʱٶ׵ãʵ󡣵ǶԴطоȷȴŲܺӵľ޴á
ͩ޿ɽλڶĵ˵ʱٵǿ̽Ѱ֤

ͩ˹̾ԭˣˡ֣˵Ӧòˡ֤ĵһѾƣջ񰡡øлλͻƼԪǰܰһƣͲ֪ҪҶٵʱ䡣
ͩҪͻƼԪѹء֮ȡ֮ϵ֮Σ
ͩţ֮Ѿƣûȱݡǵڶȡˡ
ʵڶͩͷȫûзġ
ֻҪȻѣҪ㹻ʱȥơ
ϧλϵǰֻеһʧˣҪܹеڶĻʾ֮£һԺܿҳƵڶķͩ̾
ͩķˣˣͻƷҲˣֻʣƶѣгɹ֤ͩǰܹͩȡ̣ӡ֤Լ֤š
ʵ֤ޣͩѵǵϵ֮Σ
һأûзûбسɵİգûκ̡˾ǳˣɾǲɡ
һأе֮˥Ʈ죬ûмᶨĵģܹɺϵĵһ͵ڶҲڵ

һأʿ˵һجΣΪûо֮˥Ŀ飬һؿǰȫƾ͸־ɹļֻǧ֮һ֮һ
ɵʿ˵һصĳɹʮ֮һһ벻ȡ
Ҳ˵ɵʿһǰơ
Ҳǵ֮Ϊʲôǿ󣬷չѸٵԭ֮һˡ
ͩûټչأΪսڼͩҪָ֣ӣҲڳӡ
ΪͩĴڣǾ޴ĵʿ
ͩսָӲûпĻչ
λѾȥˣҪչδиҪҪǾǶսҳ׻ɶͩĿ׷ǳԼڣʽʼսƻʽύս飡
ϯڶԼսλͬӦǣ
ʽսָȨƽԪ˧ͩṵ̂ȨϾͩȻҲѧһЩָӣϾûоⷽо
νҵרȻû۵ΪھָϣܹʤģһҲûСмλԪ˧ƽѡ
ԣľָӣԪ˧

ȡԪ˧λ۹һ񣬿ʼݲսƻ
רҵϾרҵһһսƶ˳Ȼʵս֮У಻Ԥͻ״ǲָӹٵĵطˡ
Ԫ˧ĴڣһֻսԷ棬ָӣ²ָӹٵӦˡ
ʵоԵʵòʲôԣֱƽƹȥˡ
һԵģϾһͬĳǴڵ͹Ƚ׶ΣƼˮƽϾǺͬεģС
սܿ͵ݽϡ
ȻͨϢ䷽ʽݽġ
սݽͬʱϰٸ»һϵĿֲ
ȫ񼶱ϣ
ս񼶱ֵĻᶼûС
ⲻǷĽսҪд½½ս
ó˿һսߣ󷽿ʼȫתսµĸȽսߡ
ٷ֪ľ˾´ֶ
תȫսʡ
ڴͬʱģģʽ

ͩλսʼʱ򣬳嵽ǰ棬Լ߾ҪĻǴΪͻȻ˶Էһֲ
Щ߾Ҫ֮УȻûλ
ãϮսʿע⣬֯Ҫ֮еĳλλʶҪÿһʿ֪
˵꣬̿˱󷨣һֽҪסһλλֵķܹɵֵʮϵͬǿ߽ûмʮλͬǿߣǲܹǴġ
ղֻˣҵҪƣδҵķ󡣡ҪλŵЦ˵о鿴
Ȼˣɫ˲ʵԤϣ˫жѾһԪԪˡ˥ʱû٣
ԣڲͷ侮ʯ
˼ս֯ѷֵλ֮⣬ʣµλ϶ɵⶫϷš
ǷܹõֵѹȻòˡ
սǱѾҪޣ״֮£սȻ·磬һͬҷչøǿ

㲻ãбΣգ
߲㣬λ۷۾һ𿪽顣
սˣɻޱȣȫ涼˵ͨǿԮˡѪʨۿ˵
սֻҪ˵ùȥͲ֣û֣սǾ
ʵٶǰǿʢôⳡΣҲûа취Զɹ
ǣԽǿԽڸҪ濪սѹȻͬն
ΣǱҪһʱ䣡¸ٴĴۣʴ۴
ģʽټȫˣֻҪܹģͱӣսֿԣȺ⣬װоǿߣսԴȫ֧սġ½ϵͳҪĦ޴½Ϊս̶粽Сһ侲ĹǴҲŭӵ
ⲻǶϷⲻЦȺĹؼʱ̣Ϊ棬Ѿ˲ʲôˣ浮Ӵ̡

һɽӣһѪҪ帹أͱ븶ѪĴۣҲͬ
ãȺе̣һҪ֧һʱ䣬һ˳أһжתͷҲͬˡ
һȺĵ̣ɲ˵ģҪ֪һľ̺Ӵ̡
ֵ̲ض밵ޱȡɵ֣ᶯ
̿ȻᱬֲԵֵһЩΣһĹ⣬Ⱥķչ涼ܵԼв
Ⱥ̣Ҫͳһͬ⣬һߣÿ
ȻڵʵͬʱӦ·սǵֵ֯ǲҪһķ񹥻Ѿˣ˵Ҫͬʱս
Ҫ֪ΪͩĴʧأֵ֮ͩλǿ߶ʮϣ
еһͬ⣬Ⱥ̣۸ٴĴۣҲҪһ꣡
ֻҪһͻʮһλ۷ۡ
ԳŤתս֣
ڳ۷۶ţ˽һɹȻԡøǿ

߲һ£ȺΣڱսȫת£߽Աӣͳһѵ֮սֵ˵֡
Ƥ棬ëθɣ
õȺΣʿԸΣ޷ˡ
Ϊܹ񣬽ʶ֮ʿȻ״ĵ´սΣգ࣬Ҳԥվ˳
ͺΣÿһλ񶼻ͬ޷˵վӣֵߡ
һǿ壬ֻܱܱ
ղɱ鱦ȫ˳ǸλװɱһλĶװ˶ɱ
Ȼλϵɱ˳װȥλ񣬾ȺǿߣװеɱʣµϵɱǾ֮еĸָӹ٣һһװ
ľӣװϻҪʢ

ǰװʮƷߵĴԸװ˾ƷǱӣȻռơ
˵̣԰ڼƵ鱦װõóġԽȺ֮Уеװһ顣
һװϣĶװе鱦ϵ鱦
Ϊֽ׶ΣҲ԰ڼơ
ȻֻװͷȺ̶Ҫһʱ䡣
ޱ߾ϣսľƲΪһµľͻ䡣
ȻռƣǽҪԵķ̵ķߡ
ͩ·ҪȻһ÷֣һߣóϹɱ
һȥ
ͩȫͷŵļԵ棬𵽵ãԲʮͨ۵빥֮
ͩǰ߾Ҫı÷ͩһ֮£֧ʮϢǱˡ
λܵ󷨱ķɣˣоޱȡ
˭˭λܹظܵ󷨵ģֻһѡ


592  ͻƱ߾ߣϣ
۵ʶϸһɨվڰеӰһʱ֮侹Ȼˡ
Ѫޣһλ۶ʱŵɫˡ
֮ĵһӦܣ
ûдܣ
Ǵܹסͩôܹǿ֧ŵֵԷڣǴΣζһƣλ֮һڵûˡ
ķ绢ﻹҼ
Ҫ֪Ѫ޵߲㡣
Ǽλ۷Ҳͩɵ
˵۷λˡ
һèĸо
λ֪һǾû۷۵ΪòҪѪ޵ϣ³һ㶼õ
Ͼͩһɱһ߽۵ˣ֮Уܹභˣ֮١
ܣ绢ۣΪһ磬ѸԶȥ
ǵùôҪôƫƫײɷǡ
绢ȫӵĹ֮УԹ԰
ͩԭޱؿ·ĳսִͩƻǴ㹻ˣݣҲստʼͳֶԸЩͨʿ

ֻҪ֮еһλǿ߻ӣʱЦ˵ӵˣһʲô
ָ֣ͩһһ㡣
ָָ֮ͩ΢ʱŤ
绢۴˿Ѿӳ˿ռķΧ漴һ˲ƶԶԶս֮ң
룬㲻ϰȫرʮ޴ʱմĴͨǰ⣡
һʮ꣬ҲӲĹ
绢۸ϽԶ˲ƶ׵Զս
ֻǾոһһ֮ͻ
绢۸ӦܵظܵһɿֲϢԼΧȻʶΣյʱѾˡ
˷绢۵ĺԡ
绢۵ͺˮһؿй£գ֮䣬һйգľʶһڣʹˡ
֮ǰֻһŵʣôܣ
һĻû˿Ҳû˷
ԣ˭Ҳ֪ͩһһʮؾ߷̸֮ʵ

绢Ȼۣ֮ͩĲʵ̫ˡ
ͩ˿Ȼ˵۷ۣʵϣѾֻ벽ҪѵĴڡ
ĽͻȻȻǵıǣս̫࣬ķؾԵ΢һЩ
һ̩ɽѹһĽּֿ죬͡кüҪֵסֿҪ̬ơ
ԮϢݵ
ҲͬǱȱٵıûУЩʿһʱѵðȻսսܱɱˡ
֧Ԯ֧Ԯıȥ֧ԮѵҪЩ±ȥ£ҲӦϣһλϽĽԵ
ô죿ȺĻװƻڽ֮Уϱ߾Ǳ̵ķߣܹ൲һգǾͶһյ׼ʱ䡣ٴҲöϱ߾ڶʱ֮ڱƣҲҪֵСһλϽ
ûͬ׺ϽĻٴҲɶϱ߾ڶʱ֮ڱƣǵĺܶƻܵӰ죬ؽǵʧ»󡣡һλн˵

ϯʮλ붼޳ɵϾȲƱ˵ֻҪܹﵽսĿģٴҲֵõġ
ٵģѵûжõһǧλű㱻͵ս
Ѹٵز˸Ҫķ֮С
ԭҡҡ׹ĶϷߣȻֹȶ
ȻΪȶߣǲСġ
һ£ﵽ˿ֲĳɣ
ͩҲòϣ޽ߣȷʵס飬ڱƣװƣǿߴƵ£߻ܹһ²
Ȼͩ۷ûгֵԵʣΪҲ޷׳ˣ֮ͩĵڶ죬ӥ۱Ըϵǰߣͩ
ӥפǳսľǿ磬ʵǿǴڵڶڵ۷ۡ
ʵвͩҲܹסͩ
ͩӥڿռ϶֮У˴˶š
ӥۣ벻˾Ȼ㡣ͩ˵
޴ۣ̫һЩȻ˶֡ӥɫ˵

ͩӥ֮ǰɱλ
Ҫ֪֯ս˲ңλҲһû䡣
ͩЦЦڻشûгԴҩɣսΪǱд谡
ӥۺ޵ƫƫͩûκΰ취ͩݵؽ˼УףԼͩĶ֡
ȻܹԱһ⣬пܲç۵ĺ󳾡
Բ죬ͩӷǱѰŬռͩϣϻôȫǶͩʵʺţ
ͩóľʵǳûܹ͸
ͺľ׺֮ʱ̸ģǳʶͩʼûͩʵ
Ҫ֪Щ˿ǵͩͬĺѣͬһ챻ѡĴţ˴˽Ǹʱߵ÷ǳ
׽֮ѣͩʵжǿ˵ЩֻϺʹԽļһˡ
Ѫʨ֮Уͩ˽һͩŶֲ꣬ΣɼʹˣҲûͩʵޡ

ѪʨΨһԿ϶ǣֳͩʵԲʵ˵ͩûбֳʵ
û˼ʶ
Ϊʶ˶ˣ
ʵϣͩûʵȫ
ֳͩţһĽͩͷųӥۡ
ӥ˵ˣȺӥʳӥһȣپ죬ǧֻӥӸĽǶȣͩ˻
ǣ˭Ⱥӥɵض㿪ͩн
ͩܣ㱻ӥ۵һСͩеƻ壬֮лʱѹӥ۵һȻˣҲͩжѡ
ӥһˣһҲս˿֮ע⵽ԼĹЧһ
漴Ц֪ͩӲç۵һˣǶƵĿֲˣҲ൱һϷɱˡ
൱ͩϷɱ˫طһʵҲֲۣķ㹻˾ˡԪ֮ĸ۷ܹͩķ˵ı壿

ٶȴͩΪ˵ǵһӥ۽֣벻λľȻٶȴ
ҲһΪǿĴȻߣʵսȴ൱ǿҪǣٶȴ֮䣬Ԫ֮ûмܹӥۡ
򲻹ʱܣҲΪʲôɹֵͩˡ
ӥ۴󷽵سϵȲ޴ʱմ
٣ĳٶȴǷ޵ܹʱ٣úͱʱմһԩͩЦһ
ӥɹȻһЦûд
Ϊͩ˵ʵʱմǰʮĴѶȼҿԴеõͨѹĴͨٶȴǲʱմԼһ
ٶȴһʵս൱ǿĴʿʵսΪ֮ϡ
ѹ֣ѹĳͩ̾
Ϊ֮󣬾ʱѹҲסٶȴǿߴܡ

ǲ֪ĻΣͩЦЦ˵
ֽͩһӣλ棬ٿռ䡣
ͩĵһĵٽͼ
ڴͬʱӥޱȵأʹӥ˵ĵˣ죡
һϷɿյٶȼޣȻٴ£ٶȼ֮ͻƣֻΪһˣ
ӥ۵ĵˣȵʽǿ⾳ҲԶ
ӥۿͩһλռֶɲǵʽʽطܹùȥġ
ټϴһΧʱսԱģӥ۷Ҳ޷˺ռܡ
ԣֻܿٶȡʤˡ
ܹԳ׿ٶȷɳһֵķΧ˵ϵؼ٣ٶȳԽ򣬳Խʱա
ֻгԽһеٶȣܵõɵС
ֻϵĿжѣΪҪƴλ۷۶ԸԴճ̶ȡ
ϧŵڶ׶εӥۣھͩһǾͼС֮Уܵ籩֮ࡣ
籩ͨķ籩ǿֲĽз籩
ΪĿֲ籩ٽͼ֮Űţͩؿ֮£һѵı㣬ӥߣʹӥۿ಻ԡ

ͩӥͼ磬漴ԭأԶĶʮ߾Ҫ˽ͼΪĽṩڡ
ͩڿǣҪҪӥ۸ɴˡ
Ǵսϵʢ˥ǿһսκεܹⷢһǿսĳ̶ֳϵʤ
ò䵥ļһͩ׷ȥ
ԣʱͩнҪնһλ۷ۣһʵǿ߽߾ս֮ϣоս־ʿһٶôսʤͻޱ߾ߡ
֪ͩı㣬Ǵʮλ۷תĿ֮һҪͩ
ȰıǰͩȻɱһλ۷ף
νһʮ塣
û˺Ƥ֮ǰͩ͸ҵż棬ɱçۣοڣҶ˺ƤսͩǺ޹˼ɡ
ͩ뵽ɱֻ֣ɱʱĳ̫ͩҡԵɡ
ͬʱҲڼţʱ֮£βնɱ۷ۡ
ͩԺڷţϵؼŸֿܷ״ϸϸ˼һ˼ƵĿԡ


593  ͻƷߣ£
Ҫϵͳ
Ҫϵͳ
Ҫѭϵͳ
رտռ
ҪϣʮҪΪġ
߾ܹʮҪͻȻ֮䣬˾ҵı仯
ԭ߾֮нٸҪСҪǶǧ
˶벻ǣЩҪ֮УжʮöſƼĳս
ÿһսҪ·һеһС˵ڿն𣬿ԽռʮҪڡ
¡¡
ʮսҪȻһγһͷӴսޣ
սҪǱһս߻Ҫǿս
һҪطعƶȱݼһ˵ҪΪ֮á
ƼѶȣԶһսһʱ䡢Դѵȵȷ棬㹻ʮһս
ʮһսսӵսԱһսҪҪǿöࡣ
ңҪҲһ׵飬ǳķ
ǣɷϵǣڷǳ

ԣȱݼ󣬵ڵϵŵʱΪ˱գҲòܽ˶ʮڷޱ߾ϡ
ǱߣˣһսҪûС
ҲΪʲôܹ֯һͻƶߵԭ֮һ
սĵһ߾˶ʮĲܲеơ
֪սΣҲûаЩսҪӶϱ߾սΪʲôΪף֯£
ָӲԪ˧սϵı仯֮󣬲ɶڹôûбһսȥֵ֯Ľ
٣ǹǵˡϲĻĵڶߣڹǿָֻ࣡Ӳ֮еĸܲıЦһ
ǲòҪڹǣֻнϣͷųղϣһλսı
Уֻǵһߣǵɱﵣˣǿȥĵڶˡһٶ˥ߡǵĹйԺսӰ̫󡣡Ԫ˧Ե

鱨Ѿ֤Ѿ˾ģʽͷųе̣ǲܶʱͻǰߣôԺս¾͸Ѵˡܲı˵ͷͬԪ˧ľ
գսߺ֮ǿսһͷųԱǿͷ֮󣬲սʿıȻήߣòͣ
٣ⳡͻƴսľٶȡ
һ̫ͣˡ
ΪҪԵ֮Ƶһ档
ô죬ǵĳ湥Ҳûа취
һսıڽʾ֭취ʽ
ƿǾ͸ˡ
ţҲԼ븹ܵе״̬
սҪϣǿķԵ۷۵ĽǸκβһսı벻õİ취
üƲսܹġ
ߺŷǰշִУϵ޴ۡԪ˧˵
Ԫ˧Ȩϵͩ
Ԫ˧ϵк£ͩסӥۣ˼ܲܲʱɱ
µսԪ˧սҪϵӰ񷢸ͩ˵ǲ˷̫ʱ䣬ֻ

õģһ֡ͩ˵ͷŹӥһΪӥۣǸҪ϶ܸӰսֱ仯
ͩסӥۣڳԸǳҪ
ͩٽͼĹǿ֮˫ֽӡһٽͼϡ
̤֮ͩ䣬ԽңԶĿռ䣬ʮҪڵս
ͩĳ֣ս˫֡
Ȼ˷ܼʿ߰
ڲһ󼦷ɹ
ôᣬѪɷôѵӥѾ
ܣϵӪȷӥ۵İȫ״
ʵķ֣ӦһҪס޴۵Ľ
ҲҪţҪ֣һ۷۸ǵķϽϵӪȷӥ۵Ľս֮ϵָӹ׻Ԫ˧򶨵˵
ˣȻࡣ
ҪȻиָȱݣսķȷʵԵֵһ۷۵ȫˡ
ܿģӪѪʨطϵӥֻۣǱûΣգȻѸٻظǰߡ

õ˴ӪĻظȷӥ۵İȫ֮Ѹٻָ򾲣ϲҪȫ޴ۡ
ͩɷһʽнͷ˳ȥ
нĽҪķϣʱ˾ҵԺĺͷײ
˫ʮϢʱ䣬нȻҪķָ
ͩʮ̶ֵѾ׵ĲΡ侫ѭաȹЧȻȫΪһ塣
ǿķ֣ѹƺսҪڹǡ
ȷʵ൱Ӳ
Ҳַ֪֣βóġ
Ҳûô̬ķּ
սߣǿܸϵͳϡ
ϵͳԽ߲ٿߵ޶ȵͳϣȻһʮֵĹЧ
ңϵͳڣսߺ֮󣬱գԣϬӳǿս
ͩЦһ׿ն˫ֽɽӡһֹӰ򽣹棡
˲両ֳһΪ깥Ҫ

ͩǰѧֹ֮Ӱ򽣾մͩ򷨹֮ʱѾĲΡ
ͩоġƽڶεġֹӰ򽣾ԼһεĽȵȡ
һεġƽӦǳ֮ǰΡ
ڶεġֹӰ򽣾Ӧǳ֮ɲΡ
߲εļֽǡֹӰ򽣾棬ڵĲͬģǴ޲εĽ
ֻǸϰķһԡֹӰ򽣾Ϊ
ͩġֹӰ򽣾򷨹֮ʱѾ߾ĴԲΣϰ߲εĽ
ЩͩѾ۷壬ԳԴٽͼ֮⣬ͩҲڻо
ŽĻǽ򽣹ѽΪһ壬Ϊһ
ɹôʹˡĵһ磡
벽ɣҲֻһˣһ粻ɴǲյġ˵ҲͽͣԾͲˡ
ֹӰ򽣾򽣹澳磬ͷųԲɱȥ
ֻһȺ幥һǵ幥ѡ
ڲϣһġ
ǡ屦¼Ϊ洫ʥСⲿ伮ȡƸ
ʮʽΪһɱռĽߵĽУҪԪ֮Ĳβܿϰ
屦¼ˡֹӰ򽣾֮⣬һЩ޲εĽĵ¡
ҪС£ǳҪܹʿڰ벽޲ǰһ޲εĽʲôģдᣬպͻƼԪ֮ʱųѰá
ͩѡˡķ޵ӳӵſ񱩵Ĺ
ĽķľĽҪͨΨģߵ깥֮·ķǽ壬޳һߵ·ӡ
ʵ࣬йġڽٵġɲġؽȵȣࡣ
ͩҪ崫Ҳ벻ĴžȻ˲

⻯ΪҪϡ
Щ⣬ÿһͩȫӳн
òϣҪķʵǿ
Ƿֱóְ״ҲȻûбƵ
ֻ֯Ҫ֮лڷ֮Уٶȣߵϵͳͣط
󡣡
пƻѭϵͳ
һ£ֵڵܹ֧Ŷã׻Ԫ˧򾲵ʵ۾һֱĽ
Ҳòλ޴ʵǿһܹ֮ҪƵ˵ز
ɣ̶ֳֵܹȵĹΡϵͳֻ֧һΡҪԻش
õϵͳϵͳ滻ʹá׻Ԫ˧
ǣԪ˧Իش
⣬˲ҪأˣҪ֤ھųϣ׻Ԫ˧
Ԫ˧õģ޴Ǻǿ󣬿ƾһ֮ǵıݡٰο
һֲõԤСʮλ۷۵ģ˵ǻɳڶλ۷׻Ԫ˧˵

ͩˣ򽣹涼κβַ֣Ĳһǿ
ӥ۱ͩٽͼ֮Уطͩѹ
ƵأϾӰжɱ壬ֻǸտʼʱٽŰ֮ʱһ鷳
ٽɱΪѹ֮
Ҫѹң̫Сˡӥڻ׼ӡ֮
Ҫ·һŶһǰ֮·ϡ
ĽЧҪõöˡ
Ѿɹͻ˵˵ķߣ˶̱ӣʤƼɡ
Ԫ˧ѸҪսݽ޴ȥľͻϡ
Ԫ˧ŵ̬ͼ¶Цݣڵܺãͻ֮ٲػذΧоΧǴԮ׼
ΧǴԮⳡս۴һҲûпڶߺ͵ߵ˿Ԯļ󡣿ǴԾ޴ڽڵֿҾĹơܲıڷ


594  
ӥȼ5壬ǿϵ
죡ӥ۵λΪһ⣬˲Ϣ֮䣬ٶȳԽ˳棬ˡĲΣٶ֮£ӥ۾ȻݵسԽʱռ䣬ȻˮеޣϢ
ٽͼ֮⣬ӥֳ֮գ֮䣬Խľ룬ʮҪڵս
ÿͩڿ֯Ҫķ֡
ӥȻͩôȥ
𶯳죬ٶ֮⣬мٵ֮Ŀһ
һûܹùȥ
οӥڵλþͩĲ󷽣ӥ۵ٶһҲûмֱϮͩȥ
ȵֵͩʱѾˣΪԷٶ̫죬ͩӦ
һͩȫ̽˱һɾ˳ȥ
ڣͩĵӦеãȻ˱˳ȥȴûˡ
ӥ۳ʱ̷һŲҩΪ֮ǰͩһսȼ˰ٷ֮壬ڵӥۣѾ䵽ٷ֮ʮˡ½ٷ֮ʮϣʵֻܷӳų

벻㾹Ȼܹô˳ͩ̾
ӥۿͩˣͷƵı仯Ҳ²һĵʵ̫ˡ
ԼȫҲκβֻܹͩάŲܣסͩ
ӥһλȴͩˡ
ҲһУָͩһʳָָͩ⴦·ʱձ̼ɣһָ
ӥɫһλӰҪһС
ȴ͹һָ
һָͩ򷨹֮󣬽ʱձԴģ֮ѹһָ֮Уɴ깥Ĳ棬ӵпֲɱ
ͩڵһָͬʱҲĶãٿҪķ֡
һָĲ꣡
ֱָָ꣬ӥҲܲˣֻӲһ
ҺãӥҲɱס꣬סһָֻ֮ȻдԼɲɱӥԭѾָһ˵ԭ㡣
Ҳ˵ӥ۸ղ̷һĵҩ߳ϵЧ

ͩһָӥ֮󣬽һת򽣹棬ɲõһɡ
ֻǲõ⣬ѹΪһɵĹ
β
ġ
һβ񳤱һ㳯Ҫķ֣͵һ˦
ǳͩ򽣹棬ȫ治ɫķ֣һβ֮£Ȼʼҵز˴롣
ϵͳȫ̱ϵͳ̱ٷ֮ʮ
İٷ֮ʮһߣظһΣİٷ֮ʮһߡ
ϵͳٷ֮ʮ壬뼰ʱά
ҪȥˣʵϣڲȴѾַ졣
ңô£׻Ԫ˧Ҳ̼ȫ֮ǰĳȺǣǱ׵شе
ɶʮսɵҪǿս
Եֵλϵ۷ۿ񹥶
ʲô
ӥ۴ٽͼ֮Ѷ֮սӵƵֱһ¡

ӥ۷Ӧ˹˲ͩǰͩս
ӥҪƵͩлطɽٲҲ޶ȵǣľһΪôµĽȫԸػǲܲٿص˵ġ
ҪҪٳһȻ
룡ӥԭϹǿģһ˫ӥצ޼᲻ߣһ˫ɱס
ǿǿϣȻǿ
ӥˣǰˣȫǽ
ͩȻӥ۵ĹϾǱǣסˡ
ʹ޷ٽزһƿҪ
Ԫ˧עսƣͩӥ۸ǣסˣҪ취С
ˣͩòְ˵ͩûеҪʱ
ָͩӥ۽Թʮغϣбӥ۵ʵˡ
սͩȻ֮ջ˽ָָΪȭ
һ䣬񱩵дͩڱŷ
⣬ǣӥĿɿڴǰһС
Ϊʿ߾֮󣬲Żѵ

ʥͻƼԪ
ļԪ֮ڶԪ֮֮ǿĴ֮һ
ֻԪǿߣһûг֡
Ϊ巨Ѿʧˣнˮ׼Ҳ·
תȭͩɷ˵һȭ˳ȥ
ӥ۽ߣһȭƾٶȣܹһܣʣµСȭȻõ˳ȥ
ᣬָͩһһߣһ˦һβ
β
һβɨҪķ֣žһӦ飬һβȥδ˳ƴҪı塣
޴ķ·һźһҪƤһ˳ȥ
֡Ҫٷ֮ʮ߰ˣϵͳױľľ뼰ʱ䡣ϵͳ̱ٷ֮ʮһ
ӲһҪȻûɢܣͩҲòǿˡ
Ԫ˧ᣬȻŹȫ棡
ʿ
Ȼ˵û𣬵ʱǣ״̬ԳƲϺãΪ˿ͲٿҪܶ඼Ҫ֧ŵġ

ȫ߳ƺƴ
ͩͩӥҲٽˡ
ֻͩȴЩĵسӥ۹ȥ
ӥۼƼȥҲټȥˡ
˫һչΪһԶݶȥ
ֻͩؿ뿪Ϊͩȫ״̬µӥۡ
ٶȴȻ˵ʱմȴҲܹʱմ޿κΡ
ôӥΨһһܹڲƻͼռӳǿߡ
Ҫ֪ʱսӡѹͩԤܹסһλ۷һ쵽һ²ȡ
ӥӵˣĽҲԽ˳
ĵһߣ
һ֮ϵһνĵڶߡ
ͩ˿ˣһ˳
ӥһܹ𵽵ǣʵޣȴòΪڣֻͩɱ۾͸޼ɵ
սʱͩҲִܹݻսҪ
׼̷ߣȻֻ赲ʮʱѡ
ȴΪ˸˲صĴۡ

սҪʧһٶʮߣҪ֪ķҪҲᳬһʮߣ˳ɶڶޱ߾ķϡ
˴α߾ͻսۣʱʮ꣬һЩʧء
λʧǧλʧλʮ
ֱӻӵսʧ͸ˡ
֮󣬾ͽ֮ڡ
Ⱥս֮ȥ
ĵͷų֮󣬳Ĵ½ϵͳ֮սе÷ǳ
Ҳûżش򣬷ŽҲܹ׬׬ﵽսսЧ
ڴͬʱΪӥ۱ɵսǣͩսǱߣڵֵסˣߣʱ֮󣬻Ǳ˴ˡ
ʵϻȻǣս֮ϣ֯ǧĿ񹥣ֿܹ꣬Ѿ൱ˡ
ԣս̬ŻԵ˱
֮£㹻ֵǧϡ
Ϊ濪սĿ񹥣Ϊ۷۵ԲŻڵľơ
Ⱥ̣Ħ޴½ľ޴սӴʱ䡣

֯ĵ͵ߵ赲ǰĲһ衣
ĽȻ˳ÿһʮּѡ
Ԫ˧Ϊ˼ȡǲΪӪսߵĺȡӼС
½֮ϣսҲȫ֧ǰսߵġ
ͩӥ֮Ȼ׽Բء
ӥڹؼʱֹͩɱ䣬һսʧܣͷܣս֮ͬӰ졣
һȥǧȥˣĦ޴½ɵĳУɱʮ֮ڣ
ҹϰٸԴؾ
ֹǧ꣬ս֮ϣĵĵ߸ơŰ֮֯óȫ˵ߣȻҲĸ֮УʼؽӺɱ
սûƽ;ֻ֮б֮֡
ԣ֯Ĭɱһ
սزкгģر֮Ƿ׷׼ⳡս
ǲûмκһԼԼģһֶδɱ㡢ɱǿ

侮ʯ飬˾ռˡ
ˣȻûгױľ֣Ȼʧ޴󣬵ǵľڣͷе֮ķ֮ԽԽǿ
ս֮Уӿ˲ٱûţҲӿ˲Ӣۡ
ͬҲв䣬вӢɥ
ڴͬʱڲҲͬƽļԼƵӣؼʱҲȫ
ЩзͽʼƻصأֱռɽΪһ
ֵ֮ҵֶĴܵ˲Сźʧ
׼Ԩ½Ÿȫƽѣ̫ѶԸǿߣҲԳĨɱ
ֶңʵϲܰôܵʧӰһķѸԴ
֧ҡĸͬ˵١
ڵ˽ȣڲĶֻƤСˡ
ƽ֮Ȼ˵ƤˣõĺôҲС޶ȵڲļҲܵش


595  巴
Ħ޴½Ϸսڣǧʱȥˣٱɣ
ʣµ񣬳˱ٵģ붼ӵԼ֮жȥˡ
Ħ޴½ϵһӣࡣ
˴֮󣬾ʮֹȻ˵ڼϲһЩһװʵҲԲ
֯ĹȻͱ
Ҫ߿սĻƾڵľԿԴ֯κһ߹ƣȻոʧء
ڣ֯ھ϶ҪԶѷǼһҲԶԶ硣
֮ԣܹѹסǿŶǿߵ֧ţ
λλ
λ񼶱۵ǱȲ֯֡
۷ۼͬˣȻ߼һҪʮҲͬ޷ոʧء
ƾӴľۺĵ̣ȶסеĽ˫սס˾ơ
սز˫սֵĽ׶Ρ

֮Уʮλ۷ڴ˿Ŵս
ҿսҲ֪ľơҪ۵ģǶսҪеһԼǰ֮£δ˫ϵʵ
Ѿеֲ̣ʵȥʧҲС
д˿ǣƲŻսֵĽ׶Ρ
Ҳֻв֯乥ƻȻʡֻΪڵʵǹƲ䣬ȡõЧȴǰˡ
ǼȻսͲܰ;ϡڳսλ֮УûһҪĿ꣬ҲΪΪѡֻҪǣǾͱΧЩԳѹƳɹͻһǰеŬ׷ѡǾԲġһԪǼȻѡ˶֣ͱҪѹƵס۴˵
ûǼȻˣͱҪĿģ򹦿һպȻ׷ĪԨҲ̬޳ɵ
Ҳ㿼ǵġǬԪ۶һ˵
ͬ⣡ϳһλۣ۶̬ͬ

̫СֶˣǱƵ̫а취ɵĦ޴½оȫ𡣶ңϲĻȺϼһǣʱر֮Уط弶ôѾڳɹıԵˡڰѹת޳Ƿ򣬷ֹЩϼһ۷塣ۿ˵
طôʵ
٣УֻطĴۿɲСȻܹڶʱڵ۷壬ǻԴܳһʱ֮ڣ¶ָˣΪдȸ۵ͷ˵
ңҸҿ϶ǾͶ޳֮Сۿڵ
ϧˡҡͷ̾
ΪŴ󳬼ͬǩ湫Լ½֮ϣ彮ڱȫʧ֮ǰڲɹĵش
ͳ˼ԪҲȴӳ½ռ½ܹʦ½ĳʥǡ
Ҳ˵ؿʮ۷ûа취ֹඣͩƵʵ
š۵ͷӦ

ͩε
ʵ취ûУֻǴʵ̫·ţҪ޴
ֻһǴﵽĿģԪҲˣе侮ʯпصĸޡ
ͻ
˾ǿߵɱҲû취ΪҪսҲûǸˡ
ȵָԪǸʱʵڸǿþĶʮλ۷ۡ
ңҪ壬ҲǲܵġΪǲô׵ؾ
ʵʮּɵĴڡ
Ҳ
ΪҲҪǣƺͶķչ
֮䣬ֻ棬Ҳܾš
δ֪ط԰ʱ̵̶ֳȣûа취ѹôֻҪǰ׼δѡͩʵ

λƴۻһۣһȸ˵ҪΪģΪԽͣȻҪѵʱҲԽࡣǵ鱨ǶѾλˡٶ˵Ҫ۷壬ҲҪϡطڼ£̡ܸ
ϸ߼ʱر֮£Ҳͼǧ굽֮䡣۲
ͩ˷˵Ҳ˵ǿ³ؼඣ
Ҳˣ֮ǰû뵽ط弶顣׻ҡͷ̾
ΪڲĴ£ɶġ
۲֪ط飬λ۵ʱҲû뵽һ㡣
򵥣ҲʱرӿϰٶȣһɹҲͬɱսķ仯Ҳܹ֤е治𡣡ۿ˵
⣬ޱ߾ߣµķߣԷһǬԪ˵
ӿԴӶᣬҪˣҲ˺ô˵Це
⣬˺ôټϸһش˵Ҳ׬ˡ۸͵

µսԷ룬ǰߵսȻҲ
ռڣʼѹԴ
رԴؾ֮ڵͿɸˡ
߲㶼ٹãͻһľսⳡ߲ս»ϵպķչ⡣
ͩҲɴ಻ٲֳսˣǰߴӪ֮Уչ
ʱٵʱͩõʱ˲һ򱶡
ѵõƽʱ䣬ͩ˴ǿƵͬʱǴʱ֮Уȡİغͷš
˴ĹƹȻӾˣĹƵ½һ룬ûͣ¡
ֻռڵԴٶڼӿ졣
λ۷ۣλ޳ǣ߲λȫ˴
ɶô£֯Ǵ˽꣬ʧأǵʧҲСΪʲô˿أۿս
˿λ۾һ𣬼ԦźսսԿš
ô֯ʵɲ⣬ٶȣҲ̶ˡӥۿ˵
ۺĵ̡ͷһĵˣǿҵɱ⡣

֯ռڣҲͬڷؿɸԴ
֯ƵɳǧڵĦ޴½ռڣҹͣؿŸԴ
ռڣе˾ԱɱֻҪռչθɾȻѻٵС
֯µСǣᣬõ˴ս棬õķչԴ
չǱȺڲͣؼӺ
ȻЩԴҲ׬ɼ澿жôˡ
ռҲ֯Сȥ
ԴٶȱЩСҪö࣬ϾϵĲ
ǲͬǣõǲҪͱ˷ġôĺôȥǶôˬĺ°ÿĿþ㹻γĺķˣܴ׬һء
ǧȥˣ֯ռһռĦ޴½Ľɣսͣͣǣһı
֯սȴһֱڸǿȳš
˫ʧƾ޴

ֻ˴з֣䣬һʱܹӷ֮и
ԣȶԣĵһλ񣬶ʱģʧһһ
պǱҲʧȥ˸һǱ
һһķչǱ
Ҳÿһλ䶼Ǿ޴ʧΪ˲壬ٴҲ֡
ǧʱ䣬ͩδǰսֹ۷Ϯ
ֻ۷۸Ѳ˵ˣҲͩ鷳
ӥȻͩʵҲͬóϣκβͩҪٶϵƣƾͻȫͬˡ
ǧ꣬ʱ֮Уǧʱ⣡
ͩչǧʱ⣬ڽȡķŵĸˡ
ϵǰͩѾ˾ųɵİգһ޷ˡֻܿȥˣ벻ɣǾֻˡ
ͩ߳Լıչ֮Ȼռ֮Уǰƽ¡
Լһܽʧ
ͩοǣһþʾףûκεź
Ϊ͸

һ̣ͩƺһ֡աľ硣
ҲǷԵġĴԿա
ǣʱر֮Уϰİλ۷ۣڳɹأ
˿֮Уʮλ۷ۣҹ󣬿ͬʱɱȫܡ
ͬʱĽ֮ڣԭ߾˼ӹټӹ̣⻹µķڹ֮С
ϲˣٹǧܹ깤
֯ĹڰǰҲͣʼϢҵȴͬ¸
սǶսսһֹ֮С
չĶʮһλǿߣԳ弶ɹء
ʮһ۷ۣĵʵ˲䷭ı
ԭλ۷ۣһӵ˶ʮλ۷ۣһͳȼˣ
ӵ˾ʵȻҪתΪ׷˻ȥ
һΣʮһλ½۷ۣڻװһɱֻ˼ʱ͹Ϊ֮
ķʱѾʱˡ
ѹ꣬Ҫˡ
ͩˣվһ嶥ˣŲãأ̾Ҫˡ


596  ս
˿ڲٿ˾ͷ顣Ƿǰһξͷ顣
˴λ飬жʮ۷ۣ
ԭԲ֮϶ʮλ۷ۡ
λǴƼɣڼλЭһ޳ǣܹ߶ɱ֡ʴ۵һڵ
ȶԸȶԸ֯۵ؿʵ
Ȼ֯ŭеЩ꣬Ϊ赲֯ʵ̫ˡ
֮ľãٺޣ뱨Ҳһʱ֯ʲôҲҹĦ޴½ֱ̫ͷ϶ĳٱ
Ҳ޳ɣûд侮ʯ֯Ϊɺޡǣ޴֮У˲պкܴĿܳɾͼԪ֮֯ɱһλδļԪ֮˵󣡡Ѫʨۿڵ
ûд
ͬ⣡
޴۲ΪλǵħӥҲ̬
Ҳԣ֯ʲôʱ򶼿ʰǵĵһӦö׼޴۲ǡҲûˡ

ȻˣǾôˣֻҪԸ޴ǿߣҪǼϼһװۿڵ
ɣǳ۷ۣ˳ʴȻ°˲ٿɱʣµĶΧɱƻǴۿ˵
ԣû⡣۵ͷӦҲ֪Ը֮еǿߣûеܲҲա
ĵܣֻʣλʴǷ츫ˣֻܶɷۺ͹Ǵһˡ
⣬ѪʨۡۡͷۡӥΨĵĵڶܡҲҪսսǱġ
λ֮⣬ʣµĻλ۷۵ǿߣҲһͬǰȥʣµλۡӥۡͷսֵ˴Ͼ֯սû۷Ļֵס
ʦһҪһҸҿ϶һǳ֣Ȼ̾ͻзӦ츫Ӧն콣ۣǾͲٿɱ޴۽һʴۿ˵
ıǣҲ޴ܵġһλ۷ۿ˵λ۵սλ֮͵ģȴһλʦ
ҪΧɱһλܣû󷨸ͺʵ֡

һڸƻ֮
Χͩľʮλ۷ۣ
ΪڶΪλ۷壬λǰҲǵ۷ۣͬСλȻ۷壬Կһ۷ۡçҪǿöࡣ
Ħ޴½ڼǰ˴ִսһ˫Ϣָġ
ĴҲйһײ˫Ƚװסǰ֮·
Ӫ֮УԪ˧ıĲıǲ߻һƻ
ͩʱͻȻ˽
޴ۡӪ֮ڵһʺõ
޴ۣұ˧ģԪ˧ͩӭһİ칫֮ڣʵ
Ԫ˧ôӪ֮д֮⡣ͩ˵
ΪʲôԪ˧ʵ
ΪһеϮӪһǰĶսⳡս޷ֻ֡ӲҪˡͩ͵
ʲôΪʲôûյ鱨Ԫ˧һʣһ

Ԫ˧ȻΪͩ˵仰ڿЦ
һ£ӪǿʰҪļֱͨ뿪ˡ
Ԫ˧û뿪Ϊһ߷ҲûϵϾָӴҪ
Ԫ˧ı廹ǣԱʱ˽սϢϱȺϲ㡣
Ϊӵг׸սͨŵֶΡ
Ƿ뱾֮ϵȴκֶζ˵ġ
ȻڴӪ˸ոճ߲ãһ󷨽ԲΧ
޴
Ծͷǿվ޵޻Ϊóһ
ļĴ֮Գɿռ䣬ȫ۷۱УҲû˿취ӵ
͵ͩؾ֮Ǹ֮ͬʵϣǸ󷨾󷨵ļ򻯰档
һʮλ۷ۣͬʱӪŰΧҪֲٿشһ󷨣˲ٿغ˲ٿأȻ֮
߰ɣǳȥһˡͩ˵֮ͩǰһɲõԤУ÷һˡ

Ԫ˧ͩ߳˴Ӫſеʮλ۷ۣʱ;ˡ
λȻƵ£һʮλ۷ۣ޳ǣ֮Ҳĳɣͩҡͷ̾
ġֳ޵Ϊ޴ۣȻڻ治ɫϧڣ
ڴʱʮλ۷ͬʱͩ֡
ͩһģʮȫգԪ˧ķನˡ
ռû
ͩһͨ˵һ
Ǿڴʱ⴦ռͻȻ֮䴫һͩĿռûͨסˡ
ʹͩǱشӰ
޴󣿡ͩɫ˼֣һλʦ룬ĳ֮
Ӳȥˣɱȫޱ˵
ͩ˵ͷȻӲȥǾֻһսˣϣܹ⣡
ͩҲͬһս
̤֮ͩ·ʼһս֮УԼĵ·ﵽڵĸ߶ȡ
ͩǰֻʣºϵһأһ֮ѣöȥ͡ҪͻһأûضľĺǾԲܵġ

ͩһս֮һͩͬҪսɵ
һսϵ֮ǰһս
۽ΣϵҲ޻ڣ
ͩţͷƣ֮һ룬ײβֳһӵɱ
һͩ־һɱ
ͬʱȭһתȭ
۳֣Ϊһͷ޴ɽͩɱ
ƵĵܣǷͬһ㣬ʵ̶൱ۺ
һתȭ򱻹Ǵ۸
ڴͬʱʮλ۷۷˹
ʮ֣ͩȴߵݺݵػС
ͩĵУʱǧĵС
ҰײѪʨ۴żλó۷ͩ֡
ӥһʽٳᣡӥ۴ԸԶ
⻹ͬλ۷ڰ۵֮£ͩԶ̴
ۺ͹ǴӦͩĹơ
۲ٿش󣬸ͩĿռͨ
ֹ൱ȷȻͼƻ˵ġ

ͩĵУÿʱÿ̶½ʮλ۷۵ΧԲġ
ͩҲȥˣֻһսټǿΪطһͨͨ˳
û˿
ٽͼͩһӳһŽͼɳλܲ۷Уʱס
ָͩһָһλİ۷ܴһָشɵɳȥ
תȭһȭѪʨҲһȭܴٷ֮ʮ
ɱһӵ̫죬۸ءһλİ۷۱һУܴٷʮ塣
򽣹棡ͩˡ
Ǵۺͷɫһ䡣һеϣ˽⡣
λĴͬͷۺӥһ֧һ֣˻С
ͩڵĵ꣬Ѿǵܵļˡ
ͩĵлָٶԶԶڵеʧٶȡ
սһӶͩʧ˰ĵУ
ǿ´ڲٿشԹ壬ǿһλ
ͩһսʮܵнúܿ죬Ҳͬٵش˼λͬѡ

ͩһתһɣһβ
λ۷ۺķֶʱѺۡ
˻۵һֻͩս֮󣬲̵ܹ˽⵽ͩĿֲʵ
裡ۻΪһɫ⣬˷֣ͩ
ͩҪܣһٶ̫죬ͩոնͱˡ
˲ţķ֣ͩ
ھţ˺֮ͩĵȻ˲һ꣡
ֲĹ
ҪûʱѹƵĻһͿͩĵбȥ֮һ
ȺХ£ǴҲó˾С
һͻȻ¹ҫ֮£ȺǴХ
޵ɱϣֱָͩ꣡
һǿֲ깥ط
Һãͩ䱦Ǯػ
ңͩĵͬ깥
ԣһֻͩʶһ㱣ͷʹѡƱȥ˰ǧУ
ͩҲ޷ٲٿؽһɢֻһա

ͩлһתһӳٽͼ
ӥ۵һʱ仯Ϊһ⣬ܿ˽ͼ
λ۵ķӦҲ൱Ѹ٣ʩܡ
ͩٽͼһοֶ顣
λ۷ûټһ𣬶ɢͩΧУĬ֣ͣͩĵС
ͩǿǽǼλ۷ۺȻ˵صͩǿ
ͩ˵ҲһСĴ
ͩսܿƽĵѰᡣ
Ұţ߶øǿҲֱ
һͷţ˳ͩϡ
ͩţϣȻ֮ǰҪ
֮䣬Ӵݣ˵£ͩٶȺȻ֮ʵҲǾ޴ġ
⣬㵽ڣȻѪʨЦ
ţϷɱڷϾ൱ˣǻţܹͨʹƶٶȴ
ͱʹߵʵ
𵥴ķɱ˵ȻǸѵá
Ϊ̫һɱ


597  Ƕϵϣ
ӥȴͼȳǣ֮С۷Ը
ӥ۵ٶ죬ѵѡ
ˣס޴ۣǴ۴ѪʨۡͷۣԼλǿߣһͬΧͩסͩ
죡ӥ۴ȫһٽͼδ顣
֣ͩٽͼ֮ڵλ۷۳ô˻˽ͼռ䣬˳
ֱʮλ۷һͬΧͩ
ɶ񣡡ͩţƶٶȴǶȴʮλ۷۵ϡ
λλڶλȵһ
Щһһõȫ֮ȥȽϣҲ۷ǿߡ
һóʮλΧͩ
ͩҲò̾Լʵûеôǿ
ȻӲƴĵĻͩĵоܹƴǣͩȴõʧ̫Ϊ̫Σˡ
սһνͩ·磬һҲ޷תΪʤơ

˫һսһʮʮҹȻʤ
ĸ߲ͷ飬ʮλ۷۾һۡ
Ѿʮʮҹˣ벻ͩһȻܹսʮλ۷۶ܣʵȻǿ֮С͵˵
šҲò̾
ΪʲôȥæԨۿʵҲֻ̰֮һɵġ
У½ΨһĻ˵ˣҲͩ˼˵Ҫսɵҡͷ˵
ʮλͬǿ֮սȳԼǱȻȻϵͩĳɵ֮ȥ˾ƻĳɵԵ˫ؿԶ̾η
ʲôͩҪ˺ϵˣۡǬԪۡ۵ȼλ۶š
Ҫ֪ǿʮλ۷۰
ֳ֮£ҶûмְգҪڶ˵Χ֮ºϵ
ߣûضĴĺʹǻǲҪȥϵľ硣ѼԪλԪ֮ǴӱԨ֮ġ˲֪۷۵ʬǣΪ磬вŸոտʼѡһ˵̵

ǾûݾĺҲûһ㣬ûи̤һԺ󣬵һʱ򣬻ѾûˣˣԶˡ׻ź˵
ǲͬǻлᣬǳɵʱЩûгɳĺҪ磬ǵƣ㹻ʱȥѰԼĵȥ׷ߵľ硣·ûľûǺšȸ̹׵˵
ͩҪԴսȳǱȥɣҪǷɱҲ֧ԮͩľѷֻҪûɱĲ֣ͩôġ۳ȵ˵
۵õ˴ҵһͬ⡣
̬ͩʵ̵ӡ󣬼ȻͩҪôǾ˵
ʮҹȥˣͩʮλ۷۵ĴսȻûн
Ȼͩĵʧǧ꣬ͩʵȻ۷壡
ʮλ۷Ȼ
ǾǿŲĵҩ岻ʧ󣬵ʵϣÿ˵ʵ½һɡ
Ҳ˵ǵʧ10

ѪʨۿͩӣٿͷƣΪˣֻʮ֮һĵСҪƴȥȫսҲδܹĵù
ۣȥ൱ҪɱﵲУѪʨ۴˵
ãˡ۵ͷӦ֪ͨغ޳ǵʴ۵ˡ
Կʼˣʴ۵ʮλ۷׼ɱͬʱ׼˾޴֮ڵͩ
Ϊ۲ٿأʱһȱڣʴ۵˵
𶯣ɱͻȻȻɱǿܡ
ȫɱ
ɱǹɱֱǸΡκʹΣգ֮޳ǿԽ빥˾޴˳Ŵȱڽ룬ֱͩ
Ȼֵǳˡ˵գһٿն콣ˡ
ڴͬʱɱҲˡ
ɱɱVS
һսעȻ٣ԭȺ֮սûжȤǿߣҲʼע
Ͼɱ֮ĶԾ

Ǵϻ˰ɣ˫ȻɱȻǳۺ񰡣۵ǳµĶ޳ɵĹ۵㡣
󳬼Դ˵Ϊ⣬Ҳ֮СϾΪ˭ûһصȻɱЩˣҲںķΧ֮ڡ
ˣĵƣΪʲôһ粻أǳ߲ĵ⡣
սĴ۾ԲСԪˡĴԭûбҪİֻҪЩɱǴƽ֣ҲԾ˱òŸôĴۡ
֮Բһʱܻ֮ʮԪֱԷ׶䡣
ԣЩɱƳһƽʱ൱׵ġ
ɶôӵɱͩѾ˾޴֮𣿡ʴŭ˵
鱨֮ն콣֮⣬ֻͩɱͩǲڣֻһɱĶ֡
ǽȴһ

ԭƻǣɱסһɱͩвϵشֱɱ޴Ϊֹ
ڼƻбˣɱסˡ
ɱΪͶӰ½Ħ޴½֮޾ƺ֮н棬÷ǳң˫¡ͬģһ޷ȥ֧ԮĦ޴½֮ϵĴսˡ
һɱǿ󹥻Ѿ
ͩɲϴõȥӲӣǱΪ
ɱȫǿصԶ۷۵ܡ
ͩӲʮλ۷۵ĹԲӲϹɱĹ
֮ͩһʱ֮С
ɱĹʱϡ
ãַ۵µ൱ʱʮλ۷ַͨ
䡪һ죬ļɱĶײನɢֱӳɢõľ޴
һƣںΪһ۳屻˰ٷ֮ʮҺһɳ֮⣬ҽһɽ֮ڣ漴˰˯״̬
һսǳײ岻ˡ

ͩʱ֮󣬵һʱ伤ȫܡ
ֻаյϹɱȫһ
ɱȫһɲǿЦģο
ͩӲӣпֱӿ۷ְٷ֮ʮϵĵС
ɱܣͩʱʱѹƣҲһĽ
Ͼɱļ൱ڼԪ֮
һλԪ֮ȫһκһ۷۶ס
ͩǲʱȫܣʱıҲܵһش
ͩȫķʱȫܣļɱĽ棬ʹþ޴
ನŰ֮ͩ״̬ȫشʱ֮г
۵ʮλ۷ȻһҲܵ˲̶ͬȵġ
޴ۣԭ㣬ԭԴۺʨ۶Уϳʱȫ֮ĶϢ
һֱҪɱĳĳȻҪɫˣЩ꣬Ҫ඼ĳ߻ġ֯ĻҲңͩЦ

Ȼ㣬ãܺãǾȫҲ㵱汳ģǴ˵
ڳе۷۶ó޵Ŀ⿴ͩ˿ѾΪȺľˡ
ڳе۷ȻղŶΪǱǵս˾ųɣûһٷ֮ʮ
صսһ
֮󣬾޴󣡡Լ׼»Ϊ޾
ͩüˣͩķ˲٣֮ǰʮλ۷һսִ߶һʱͩķܴѾĳɡ
Ҳ˵ܹͩȫʱΣܹѹλ۷ۣʣµλ۷۾ֶκԼͬھ
رλƴۣԼЩĵ۷ۣЩǿ߾ֶοڶʱ֮ȡǰΪ۷ۡ
һҪôλ۷ۡ
ͩҲЩѾսķ룬ǿֲըϮ
Щһﲻսģͬھġ

ҪͬھǻͩһУһŽɫĴ֮֡

ǿ֯ռģ
ٻ٣ͩ˷֮д¼ڰϵ콫ǽٻ
ǧͻȻ֣ʮλ۷۴ʧɫΧɱΧκһǵﶼƵҪײǽ
Ƕѹǣͩһ¡
ӡڷ֮ǶһĴдȻ·ؽ
ǶϷǳ٣ɣ
콫ǻΪϷǣЩǳÿһŶصķڵǵ֮£һ΢棡
Ҫ֪СλǳѼԪ֮ɡ
ôǿ󣬶֮ܳΪ档
ôλ󣡡ۼˣһγȲı顣
ʮλ۷ۣսǿߣʱȻȣûоҲûлҡ
Ĭʮؽʮλ۷ȻһɣԴʧǵȴԺء
漴óһƣƿȥӴȴû˿֡


598  Ƕϵ£
ӭǣΪһ޶ܳһ磬ʮλ۷ۻС
Ƕѹƽ罻һգ֮ռ˾ԵϷ磬һǿѹԭأãֻܱط
۵۷ֶͩκ֮
˴ȫʧ٣ս֮ϵ𾪲
ֿܱо˳þһڽͷ۵ý
ܹɱĽ棬Ȼֲ¡
ĵ˴ˡ
˵ɱһǺ;ֵճ˫£ҲҪ˱ġ
֯ǿһ㣬ųô˻˳ˣ
ͩվڰ֮УĿƺھ
˰ʱͩ˫ۣתͷʮλ۷ۿ˵Թ޷ǾҪɱ۳ѼԪ֮գƫƫǰ̤һ
Ȼʮλ۷۱ѹסȴڣͩĻ֮ǿ߶𾪲

ʮλ۷ĵһӦǣţͩɾ͵Ŷ೤ʱ䣿ôҪ̤һˣ
ڶǿ־壡ԪûһλԪ֣֮ͩһɹǾԪĵһλԪ֮Ȼ˼һԪʢ֮Զֹ
Ҳ·һ
ȻԹ̤һڣܹɹȡ
ǲ֪ΪʲôһֲԤУƺͩһ˵пܳɹ
һͩɹĶ˾ˣһս֮սԪˣһλ¼ԪļԪ֮ѹƵ̧ͷ
¼ԪļԪ֮ǿġ
ϼԪļԪֻܴ֮⣬̤ڵġ
ԣһһλԪ֮ѹ̣¼Ԫǲ֮Σġ
Ԫ֮ܣͲ档һһ֮䣬ء
ͩͻȻ֮䣬ڶų⣬Щ߲ͩƣػΪһ޴Ľɫ⡣
̨֮ͩϣɫ£ׯϡ

𵴣繲ʱջֱ顣
֮Уʿ𾪵̧ͷ졣
Ȼ˺ϵ
ɲǿЦģŶð
ԴһλܺϵʧܣҲʱѡ
һ̤ȥˣɹʡ
һλ벻ˣ
ڴеҲԼͬؼ˼
Ԩ̧ͷ죬繲˵Ȼʱմ
ʱմ԰޴޵ʱմϵѵɣ
Ҳԣͩʮλ۷۽սôʱϵ
ϸһ룬ӣʱʱմģֻ֪ͩ
սɵѵͩĿһɵ֮Ԩ
֮Уʮλ۷۲Լͬطֳһ˿ʶһ
ʱմϵ֮ӦްɣԨ۳ɵ˵
ӦǣΪԪʱմܹϵľʿ١ݵʱϵģֻͩۿ϶˵
սɵսɵѵʮλ۷һսܹȫʢ̬ȥϵ𣿡۵ǵ˵

繲Ի֮󣬱Ǻ칰֮
ʱմһʮֺʼһһ֡
֮ͻȻһֳգһŻڡգ򷽣գظѣˮɿݡ
˺֮ҫ硱Ի֮ܡ
һīûаâĺڰֳī֭ˮУ˲ӿǹĴոڡ
˺֮աԻڰ֮ܡ
Ȼ֮䣬鷢ëڰ֮ƯǾ첻ʱ򣬺Ȼ̩֮ɽһӱѹڵأ֧
˺֮ҡ
һССģڵ㣬ںڰ׻֣֮һ֣Ϊ磬߶ȥֲޱȡ
˺֮ڶ
һɫ滨лɫذΪˮɫ˳ƶΪࣻɫľУϢΪ̨ɫУâ¶Ϊ̣ɫУܲϨΪ
˺֮аݵ

һʮֺ֮Ի֮УԼ顢ʿ̾Ϊֹôϵ󣬴Իò֪ٵʿǳԸжͻƿ֮Ϊ֮Ƕ֮

繲ڼЩԻ֮Ϊ֮ͩԻ
ϵĵһ֣һѾɹ
֮Уʿܹ֮Уһ֣ռʱɺӣڸߴӻ⡣
븡һ޴Ӱ
κ鶼ܹ˵ģ
˺ϵ֮񡱣
ⲻ޴𣿡֮Увٶϵλ۷ۡ
޳֮Уʮλٿɱ۷ۣĦ޴½սλ۷ۣԼս޴֮еʮλѹǶ֮е۷Ҳˡ
ǲеʧߡȵȸо
۷ͬһĻϲ񣺡Ȼ
ãããһҪɹһҪ
˵һǵһɹı֮һȻǿĿʼˡ
ͩĸĸһĻӵϲԺޱȡ
ҶȺӢۣ
ͩ檿һĻͬϲΪͩĬĬǣĬĬ
һҪɹΪǣΪңΪΪ룬һҪɹ

ʿͩǣ
ͩɹ֣Ȼ̤˵ڶȡ
汾Դ֮УﱾԴ֮һޱ޼ʣǧͩԵڣʱմ֮ϣȡһСȻɳ˱Դ֮
͵һ鶼ܹоһ𶯡
ͩȡŭ죬컯ʥɵ
ͩһҪѹ֮еʱմһҪʱյʱպ϶Ϊһ
ң֮УȡԼд飬˿ͩԪ©©Բ
컯Ϊ߰׻ϱȸ䡢м롣ʥ޹ͬǰ赲ͩɵ
˺ϵ֮
ʥޣ컯һ빥ͩ
һĻ顢ʿԿ²ؼģȻϣܹɹͻƼԪ˰ЩʿȻܹ衣
ͩΪеȻڲͣͩʧܣر۷ۣλ񣬽Բϣͩɹ
ԣģɵ
زݣãӦɱ޴ۣ
ʧܣһҪʧܣ޴㲻ú

һ˵һԪ֮Уϵʿֻеһʧˡ
ֻ֮ͩУһʮ췽ⱦâͩС
ʥ޵Ŀֲڷⱦ֮ϣȴ޷ҡֺ
ʥֻһ֮κβͩŭһɢ
ʱ䳤ռ䱦϶Ϊһ
˺ϵ֮١
ȼ󳬼Ȼϵʲô
ͩѾ˵ڶȡ
ʱյʱմ϶Ϊһʹʱմ٣·Ԥʾͩʱմʱմͩ
Ѿ֤޺ϵֻһҲؼһˡֵֿǵ˵
һϵԪȫһض
λѰȷ˽ȡ۷ǿߣǵһ档
һǷɣʥǵ
һһɹͩͻ᳹׳ѼԪӴҲҲ࣡
ǼΪؼһҲͩΨһûаյһһһء

ͩʶܹظܵǰ·գ١ǰ·޿ֲ
һͩ·ԤУһ̤ɣ
η塢һͿʼͣ
Һãͩļᶨ͸
Ļ۽ն£նһη塢־ȵȸ
˿ͩ飬·صոնɹ֮˥һ˲䡣
ģ޻ڣ
ᱲʿξһ
̤ͩһһ֮ʱͩлõĻԼŲµĸǣҡ
ʶʧһֻ̣ͩһ䣺ΪǣһҪɹԡ
еĺϵ˲Ȼֹ
ط·ָƽ
ߣλĬʮλ۷۳Ĭ
ͷϣʮλ۷۶þòɫϧ
ͩĸĸ檡˾Աʹ
벻ԭΪ֮У˭ܹͻƼԪȻλ벻Ҳʧˡ̾
ұʿ׷Ĵ޻ڣȻʹҲΪͩԺ
ʱʹ߿졣

ԣվڵĻƲδϨڻû䣡
լ֮һѹ̣ԭͩĻɵ֮󣬾ͻֵ
ղլ֮пһͩµĻƣͩԻȼֻҪͩû䣬ƾͲϨ
𣿡д۽Ծϲӡ
۷ֳһ˷λƵĹ˴ͩһյƹȻûϨ
˴ϢңȻ֮䣬һ棬һŽһͬš
棬¶ν컨׹֮Ϊףĳλͨɵ
о޾̤سɴҲ죡ͩЦ
鶼ͩ
գɴӣͩԺ
֮Уһǧ֮бż˳ϳɳ
ͩĴǧ磬ҲͩĴСһԪѱӻ
ƬǧͩΪ硱
ͩĸĸϲеĴʯ㵸ף
ôȵǿߣҲɵô
ʮλ۷۸Ǻ˼ش󺰴УֿЦ
֣



ͩͻƼԪΪԪһλԪ֮䱦Ǯ֮УٻԼһ壬ɹں֮󣬻ָ鱦䱦ǮĿ
ͩۿ䱦Ǯԭи̾ԼĳɾͣһеԴǴʼġ䱦ǮıԼˡ
ͩı鱦ʮʱһοʼ˽
ͩͻƼԪܹ֮־Ƶĺݡ
ͩµǰţڳŸԪ֮Уһܹ;ϵ
ΪѵĹؿѾˡ
ֻͩԵزĴڣĬĬעԼڤڤ֮дһ󾯸档
Ƭ֮УԪ֮ȫֵ֣޶ġ޶ͻ档
߾ͻᱻ췣
³Ϊ˼Ԫ֮ǰҲСġ
ҲΪʲôǰԪļԪ֮ǲ̤һԭڡ
ͩһԪǻһԪӡǣֻǼӾͩô
ҪģûһԪӡǴڵļԪ̤֮ͬʱͻᱻĴܸӡֱĨɱˡ
ûĸԪ֮žŸԪԪҪȥΪС
ͩһָһѹǶ֮µ۷ҽͻΪһŷɻңɢˡ
μϣμ֮ڳǧͬزΰͩ
ͩ˵ͷԼȥɡ˵꣬պ˷תһս
Ħ޴½½֮ޱƺ֮УɱĽǳؼңڵȺսڹģѷɫʵʼҳ̶ȻҪ
ͩĦ޴½óһӳһûκνֻǼƽһ
û𶯴ǧҲûйҫĻֺꡣ
ֻͨĽ⣬ȴ˲ԽԶľ룬ɱս
һ⺮ʮޣ
һɵؽɱˡ
ɱ۷ǣܵһ˺֪֣ͩòԼҵɱٻ
Ҫ֪ͬɱһλԪ֮ʹ۷ʹͬĸ
һλԪ֮λԪ֮еɱֻһҪǴҲǶ֡
һˣⳡս͵׳ˡ
棬ֻ
⣬λԪ֮λԪ֮˫һ̸ͨУ˲ٴֹۣͣⳡս
ۣĦ޴½һ
ҪǻǰλԪ֮λԪ֮ȻռƵģ۾Ͳظôˡ
ڣҲͬλԪ֮˫ǳƽģʵϻҪռţ
ȻǵжԵģȴǲݵС£˫ƽⳡ˲֡
ͩΪλԪ֮ʽӹ˶۵ȼλ۷۵ָӰΪһԪߡ
һ̿ʼ˷
ΪķչʯῪˣķչ޿赲
ͩʼѡ񴫳֮һЩԴȥԶżֻ߸ıΪֽܹʵֵļеļۡ
Ƽǵһһ㣬ﶼǳġ
ļǿˣչٶȻ
ָ֮ͩ·ʵĸеʽƶȡ
Ӽ˲ĸĸʹķչƲɵ

˰һԪĵڶλԪ֣֮ͩ㶪峤֮λż˻صԼ硣
ͩѾƶĴӪ
Ƭ֮ڣС沢λԪ֮
һԪֵڶλԪ֮ʱʽΪһԪ֮еĵһ
Ȼֻ˵
⣬һǹ
ķչͷȴ൱˵ġ
ʥǣͩĸߴǰλԪ֮Уܵ˵𾴺ͳݡ
ͩΪԪ֮ӵгŸԪԪһжյ㣬һʼ
ͩӵ崫Уʥ֮·ǰ˵Ԫֻ֮޵֮;һµĿʼ

==========================================================================================
վС˵Уȫ-Уȫ-У޴TXTС˵أhttp://www.freexiaoshuo.com/
==========================================================================================