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һ 


001 ĸ
ˣүΪһ뷢ѩףƵޱĶһɫ㲣˫ۺٸ˵
Ȼһ仰Ƿˣүȴûһ𾴣˳ζ
ϣĴ򣬻ٰٸг˵Ťͷһʮ߰Ůͬ㣬ȥȡһٽ
ˣǿеĽҡͬ΢䣬һٽһ޴Ҫ֪ͬЩŮһҲĽҵ롣
ٸɫһǳ⡰ȥ
ŮͬȻٰ㲻Ըҧ촽һί뿪ˡ
Ƭ֮ͬһǮ˻һʵĵݸߡ
ǮһĨϲ⣬ֱӹϣһԸصðɣϷͰǷٿɣ
㡭ٸͬɫͬʱһ䣬ͬһŭصߣҪںǳ⣬ȴٸ
ôԸŤͷͬ㣬Ͼǳķ֮ȫǾ֪ѵ׼˵һ䡣
ԣٸüһ壬һĨŭ⡰ϣҼϰ䣬½һ㲻һûϰ䣬ȴȫǡ
ʲôɫ͵һָٸŭȵȻǷᲢۣǵȷǸҲǶϷ裬ⲡǻɣ
˵ţһ˦֣ŭȥ
վסͬһҪǰȴԱߵٸȴҡҡͷ̾Ҳ߰ɡ
ǵĽҡͬ㼱ǿΨһһٽңûһٽңǸûǮ򡣡
ٸ£̾ϢҷﻹһΣȥ˰ɡ
ˣǿΨһһˡͬ˵һĨŭȥҹܼҪô˵ҲǼˣҾͲǸҲ˵ţȥ
ȥˡٸһסͬ㣬һĨΡȻǲ˵ȴҸֽϣڸҪûôʱȡ
ͬһ㶣˶ţŭҲֻּ֪չ֮ǰãʱһ£Ҳҷһչؾ꣬ٲǶﶼ֪
ôٸҡҡͷЦǿһֱڸʳóԷ
ɷķ˾ү˳ԵĶ硣ͬ˫۲ƽ
˵ʲôûãҪĻκٸҡҡͷȥȥ˰ɣ˳һõĴ򡣡
ðɡͬȻʣҲ֪ڲЩʱֻȥ
Уһʮ߰꣬ɫףͷϰɳڴһǻɢͫ㶵ŷûһɫһɵӡ
ٸͬݣһ۴ϵ꣬ͬʱһε̾Ϣ
ͬ㣬ںȥءٸͬߴٵ˵䣬˫һӱʪˣҲʡ
ˣģү࣬źܿͻͬЩʵİο漴Ҳٳɣװεĺ˹ȥ
ٸҲ̲סߵ鲻µ
ܵٸǱỬ֣һͻȻһжһ˿ɫԱ׼οٸͬ㵱ˣүˡ
ʱٸҲı仯ϲԽصˣ
ǻɢͫ׶ٸϣγɽۣò˻Ƶص˭
ԣٸͬϵϲɫͻȻסٸǼʵôˣĸװôĸ׶ʶˣ
ĸףİеسƺ˼ǧðҡҡͷԲҲǵǰˡ
ʲôͬһү˵ʧˣ
ǰһ㶼ǵˡٴҡҡͷ
ô϶˵Դԭ򡣡ٸһӼʧ˷磬ò׵ȵȴʶԼĸףĸŮ˶ܲˡ
˱𼱣ȥ򡣡ͬæοүѾò˶ñܼǰ顣
úãϽȥٸͷŤͷ꣬ˮο𼱣ͬȥ򡣡
û¡ҡҡͷٸ簮ľٶǳѾõĸͻȻһ˿
ǰ鶼ǵãû¡ٸ漴ֿͬվŸʲôϽȥ
ȻٰȰ˵ٸͬ˴򣬶Ļֻһ򣬿ɲЩôͷϰŵ֮⣬ҲҲһë
һǴȥʵܲˣֻöٸϢŰ
Уڴϵ꿴ѩ׵ķЩ췢һУ¶һĨεĿЦ
ԽֹѪȻˣҲ֪˵ˣǵù
죬ʮڻؼҵ·ϣ꣬Ȼ˴˵е񣬲õĴУ֮е֮
ֱʱףԭĴ˵Ĵ¡
ɽȴһĶǵ顣
ȣǳʧ֮ʣһ޴гͷ½һɽ֮С
ɽ֮Уһúϵļ֮⣬ҪɽǱ˵ģû档
òײڿɽȴѰүΪү˻
ʱ֪Լ޷ֻװɵӣ˿ͷɽʱСıһʯͷҵʱΪԴűҲûйĻɡ
ղٸүĸǡ
һٸͬĽټʱһ·˵죬Ҳһµʶ
˸ǵ֮һЩʵ
û뵽ǣǵļɵĶѪϡ޷ȫǳΪҲĸӼҲҶ䳰ȷ
ڰǰүͻȻʧˣȻһΪҳΪȫǵЦϾǼĶӣԼҲòɳѰҡ
ôɣûҵǵүҵ죬ɺϵǣ첻үһҲһֶһͱΪү˻
ԭĴװɵӣ˲עʱܣϾүֻһүˣҼ֮ӣҲܵõӣӻ·Щ˶̬Ⱦܿ
û뵽ǣȻȫҶүĸȴûӿɵӰı飬ǵûɹ
ˣڷԸΨһѾͷͬȥȫĴʱûһѪ۹԰·ˣǰϵ۹ɾʱ˵֪쵱ʱ״̬һȻţûͣ
Ϊҽ죬ǸǵȥЩ򣬾㱻ԷҲỹһ졣


002 ıһ
ǵΪ죬Ҫ֪ʮʱĸΪСүүһ𳤴󣬿ʮʱүүҲȥҲû˹ᵽĮҲˡ
üͷ΢΢ͷ˼ǶֳĸʮʧȥĸǷǳģϾǵĶӡ
ð죬춼ûã뿪᲻÷ǵĸԭǸ˸ô죿
үһͨˣûıֶΣôܰ²üͷ뵽Щ·϶̬ȣһĨء
ѵˣ
뵽ֿԺܴ
ô˵ӺܿѾˣ뿪ǳʹ࣬ʹһӡ
뵽˫ȭսɫҲüᶨôĸףôɥ֮ʹУԲУӽҾӣһĶĻˣ뿪Ҳ١
ͨҲһЩ뵽ӽԺԼһذԼĸףʹá
ȻԺҵĸףҾͲܰί˭춼С˫ȭٴνգ˫ͨ죬һͷŭݺݵصҪ뱣ҵʵһǿΪ磬ûʵ˵ˣԱѡ
һŬǿʵ
漴Ҳٳɣڴϣתﴫеһɹսھ֮ÿһȦ춼Ըܵʵӡ
һУһĸߴŨü۵ɫǰһ˵һܹϳ˵һļ֮һ
ߵĻӰ춼ûɫȴ仯Ī⡣
ðΣӲſߣʵȷǷʧˣ
Ӧò١߹Ļشҵʱɵӣޱ˫ȫϵǣǱ鲻װģͷҲвˣղҴӼĴȷʵʧˣǶʶ
ȥͰɡӶһ֡
лү߹һ˳ȥ
һĸϴ滹һܣҲǰλү˳ɣƽʱһֱڱչѾ꣬ȫλүƹܡ
߸ߣһʮ߰꣬˳ɳð˷ƣĿȴ쳣
ף˵ǷȻûһ˳ɣʵ
˳ΨһĶ¡
˳ûлش𣬶ǿ³˵ٰѵʱľ˵һ顣
ףҰ㻹ġһܵ˳Ŀ⣬Ͻ죬ʵ˵ʱǳǷ֮ʣװӣ˲ԾӣΪԷһһڴװһٽصľʯ˵޽ҿԡ
Ϊʲôţһһˡ˳Ŀ絶Ϊʲôһ
ҡ֧˰죬ŵֻǾѱɣûҪٲһ
ߡ˳һЦҿΪһɱ̫ˣԲûְɣ
ɫһ䣬֪Լƭ˳ɣϽͷϴԲףûá
˳˵һ֪޷幦֮󣬱㿴죬Լƽһ޷ķȴΪǼĶӣڼеĵλŻߡ
֮ҰĲ˳Ҳƿϣɱչ֮ʣݼĸӡ
ʼ˻ֻڱ˵˵ĸӵĻ˳ߵķݺĸǵ̣˵ĵҲԽԽ
£Ť֮£ǰĸӵеһ£һ첻䣬ͻڡ
ԭһֱȥȻһЩ裬ĸҲʲôΣգɾΪÿʮһȵļὫһС
ҵļᣬ˻ѡһ츳Ϻõĺ˽رѵ֮⣬ֺܶ£оͰʧְ峤һ¡
峤֮Ȼٹ񣬵֮Ҳûгִ£츳ܺãȻûʵǼǰԼҲһ޴Ĺף㵯Ҳڼ֮ͨ
һ涨峤к޺󲻵Ϊ峤ȱأҲǿǵ峤޺ϵܿҰǣü岻ȡ
Ȼһķܹ黹һһ뵱峤˳ɸûа취


003 ı
ԣڰǰָʹ³֮ʣɱֻҪһɱ޺󣬼ʱ˳ĵ峤
ֻû뵽ǣΪŤ֮ǰܵ࣬ûɱǽװӶԾ֮С
Ҳðṩһڵҵ쳤һģһҲᱻʶơ
˳ɵʱҲ֪µľ崦ʽֻ֤ҲûжʣһɳǰȥæѰҡ
˳ɿ΢΢̾ϢһҲһЩʱǷ֪ץ
ʱǴǷﱳͻȻΣֱװӶû˵ţͻȻûɫҲѿ
һ˳ɵһӱȫ˵
΢΢һ֧˰ŵֻǽ˵ӱʱȴͻȻ˹ʱ˵˻пܱҵ
²㣬ࡣ˳ɫһӳ˽£ʱ϶һ̲Ž䶪
˳һɫһӱѿ˼㣬ŭҲڵð
ھȥɱǷϣ±ŭȥ
վס˳һŭȣͻȻеΧ¶轵֪˳ɶŭվҲҶȻ˳ɵĶӣ˳ǲɱˣҲԾͷ
ǰ˳Ŀõºһֱð죬˳źɸֵȻһ˶Լ˵Ǻ£ȴҵӵܣһ峤Ķӣ֮ǰû֤ݣҲˣҲô
Ŀ֮½ɱɳ֮еЩϼһͲŹ㡣
ԣɫ䣬ͷϴδε亹µڶԣȴͬУǽһ֪Ҳɡ
ףڸô죿ɫЩ׵ؿ˳ɣȻ졮ʧ䡯ˣ׼ͼʱСѱ
ȥϢɣ
ǻŵı飬ٴε̾һְֺޣʮǰ֮ߣѧȷʵǳ츳ȴǿ⣬ܲ⡣
ҲϢһתȥߵſ֮ʱִ˳ɵĶ⼸ȥǷ鷳ʧ̼ܾܵܿͻָ
ǣסӦһºܿʧڷ⡣
ƣ˳ɫһɱسɻ
ڶ峿
ۣ㿴ëˮ
£ٽëķԣһжôСģŪһŵϢ˫ʪˡ
ĸס
һ㶣죬ϾǾϲǵˣ
Ҫ֪Ȼ쿪˵ˣһֱûһĸס
ûСҡҡЩʡȻҲǵ֮ǰ£Ҳ֪ǲҵĸףԸӽĶӡ
ɫһ漴¶ϲߵǰ簮ͷЩʵصãǲǰӽҵĶӡ
ĸסһѱסǣϲˮвźӽһ۰ҵĸˡ
ôӾȻޡĨԼϵˮ簮İ콫ˮĨЦͬȥ׼緹ˣɡ
ţͷЩ˼صĸȳȥɣϾͳ
ǺǣȻĸǰˡϷһЦתš
ϢһҹϴһȾһƵģȡ
߳ţ㿴ſɫҲЩżǰʵĸףڵ˭أ
Ƕ΢΢һЦͬѾͷҲ֪ô£ȥ˺һû
żһûϵЦĸ㻹ǽȥɣͬ÷Իġ
һĨǣһ£һȥȻҺܿͻ
ȥ쿼ǵĸڼľϽȥһҲû˼ȥɡ
ã㻹ǻȥɡͣ½Ų죬ȴҡҡͷΪ̾Ϣһðɣһʲô£Ҫĸԡ
ĸ׷ģסһǺúӵģ


004 ͺ
˺ܿδţ洫ӵ
Ѿͷ쳤ˣȻҸϽ֣㲻һ³Ұںе
Уү⼢ӣһȦԸү׼ļһݺŮֻǶȴί
һѣôõļøȣֱ˷Ѷ㣬Ǹү׼ġǴ³ޱŵغ
ȻүŮ㴫žһ죬ɫһ䣬²Ȼӿ졣
һţ㿴һ⣬ˮͰĺһʮ߰꣬㣬˫ۺŮСӣȻҴүļҿǲ˰ɡ
˵䣬ưİŮ˹ȥ
ס֡һͺȣǺڿһ֮󣬲û֣ͣϷ¶һĨЦͺʾһ㡣
״ɫһ䣬һŮǰһӣһ̣ѱץס˿
ߡһһ˦㳬εĺһͷ˦һԡ
ʳڵ˼Ȧ̫Ӳûڵϣһѱһ
ˣҵүҰɱӲһӣǼʵļҪ˭ֹ
øظҲᡢһǽµЬӶˣֱüͷٽԼ·Ӷ
źãü΢΢һ壬ִ׵Ķ߰ɡ
ǳεûж˵ʲôһȥŮͬҲϽװõķ˸һͬȥ
ͬ߹֮ʱõĺһĨԹǴͬǰһ죬ͬûע⣬һ
ѽ
һͬװŷ˵ֶȥҲ浹ء
ŵµͬ㣬ϸֳЦݣЦݸסˡ
ֻͻȻӰһһѱסµͬ㣬һֻǰһ죬׷ɵѱץС
ͬʱһţݺڰͬһӵĴϡ
ꡣ
һ촫űǺɱĲҽС
ʱһֱסͬ㣬һӣһԾͬʱ䵽ǵ
ûˡžδͬ㰲ο
ͬһŻعæллү
Сһ׮¶һƵЦݡ
ľٶһĨϲûţŤͷһʹ຿еĺ΢ЦŶ˵߰ɡ
صң쿴ͬóķʱŭֱţ뷹ֻˣȫزˣŭǣӲ˵ɫԿȫñ˶ֻҶӳ
֮⣬̲иһͣȫˮġ
ղڳʱõĴ⣬й˾кü衣
׼ļ̴ˣֻܽͳЩˡ΢Цſ죬ϰˣ˲ûие⡣
ϵЦݣ첻ƻգ˺üǿѹеŭ
һ˷Ž׼Ҳ³̵þҧ֮⣬㾡ǿɬүүȫûԴֻһѧϰһߴ򹤣ҲδԹѳԵĲˡ
ŵ˵ι¶ԡ
Ǻͬ˶ϰΪеķŭֱ޷ݣǿûз
֮ǰǺȻûмƽϣ˶Ҫʱп϶ҲܣԼ˵Щˣӵܡ
ҧǽٷ꣬Ѿмס¡
Թ緹̲סʵĸףղǺ˭㶼ʹ
´ãûʲô΢΢̾ϢһǵȻҲܣΪ㸸ףΪңֻ̡
Ϊʲô쳣⡣
һۣεص˵ͳˣ㸸׽ʱΪҽһͨƽҵĺӣҳͬǴ㸸ȡһС׳ҡ
ֻ㸸ͬ⣬ҳвߵһҲΪ£ԭļΪˣ֮кܶ˶Ҷٴǿʤ㸸׻ġ


005 Ʊ
ҲҲһܴԭɣͻȻͬʱ뵽˸ղųµķˡ
ⲻ㡣ҡҡͷҪֻܹûá
˭ҲԤϲôܹĸסҡҡͷ£ĸףɽͷйڴܣҲ֪ô¡
ԣһЦݶ첻תۣõһ󷢻ţûУԼðӱ֡
ðΣЦߵսղõʱҾͷˡȻƽͣȴ˾ϲ
Ȼ֪Լôܹˣĸ˵ϲ¡
ӽҶҲǷˡа
εЦЦղſǺ˿ɶѵһ£Ȼźأȴû뵽ȻǱǸˡ
Ȼ֪㷢ʲô£ղʹսǿȣӦѾﵽ֮ȻǶԶͻȻܹһӾʹﵽս֮һº𾪣Ҳûжʲô
ϾղѾ˵ˣͷǿ϶֪֮ǰʲô¡
˼䣬ͻȻܹˣԺҪŬвɵڴ½ϣʵǾһеĸȥ󿴿ǰĵ£кܴİ
лĸףھȥվһתȥ
ԶȥıӰϵЦʧȡ֮һĨʹð죬̾ϢҿĶӣĸ׺㡣䣬һĨɱ
ȻҲˣΪµ裬¼ѪŨ幦Ҳ°빦Ϊһţܼ峤ϲȻõĵλҲˮǴߣסеԺӡ
ʱþסԺУ˳һվ಻ҽõ쳣ķꡣ
Ƭ̣һ뷢԰׵˳ɵǰûڣ˳ɱʵôˣ
õȹǶˣȻܹϣûһʱ䣬ѻָɫصص
ôأ˳ɫԽѿϵƣȻһø˳ɻǺܸмҪ֪µĸʱѲЩæƿؼ壬ҲûȢûõϸϣ¿ϻȪˡ
ͷȫѣҵ洫ҩµȫָߵͷ
鷳ˣҪʲôùܼȥȡһҪõκá˳ɵĿһŵصүЩͷӵı֮¡
ͷӸߣ±˳ʱŤ˫۷죬һͷҰޡﺦң˭ҶҪǧС
´Сʧȥĸףý󣬶ôãԼĺһµУñĸ׻ףʹİľ񱻵Ӹһ㡣
õĳһҪġüͷһºΣͬ˶û˵ʹȫҲܽ˵֮ء
϶Ǹӣʱڳûײʵ㰵гڳЩͨҲѷ֡ɭĳӣȻŪ˲ңһҪĹͷһ飬ܾĥ
ԣ˳ɫһ裬£ԲɵõԻᴦ㲻ȥŮˡ
ܵ˳Ŀ⣬΢΢һæӦǡ
ñһ£Ȼ˳зŭޱȣûȥǣΪ֪ȥǸ޲ȡ衣
ϾǣƽʱôдѹǶǱֽţϣҵķˣҲҵүӣҲֻһˡ
֮Ĺϵ÷κһ嶼صģ˵ӣҲһˡ
תһȦ뵽Լ֪ڣȥ־òãֻӲͷƤ·һŮʵʲģ
ŮŤͷһ죬ϾǱ֮ɫгү֪һô֪ϣҲ죬תȥ
ŮǰıӰͻȻһͺС㣬Լһˡ
ԴˣȻŭէҲ÷ֻһĿЦȻֻ֮סһ죬ᵽĸǰελ
ҲƱ۰ɣ


006 ͻ
֪ҲнɴԼҡ
飬ûҵ
һõرһôһĿЦܿһۣÿһ׷˫Ŀ΢ŵһ¥£Ȼ֪ԼȥʺܿҪۣ컹ӲͷƤ˹ȥǰ֪ô
ۿ죬һĨ죬漴뵽ʲôЦ˵үʧ䣬²ˣ
ǴЦݣ΢΢һϽشǰȫǵˣǰ֪ȥҼ鿴
󲻾ǰô߿һǽմŵ¥
ǲ󣿡̧ͷһ¥ϷûκܹʾǲĶЦѡôҲҿңҵõ
Ҫ֪طѾתΣûκʾԴˡ
ֻҵϵܽӵܴСҴô᲻֪Цֻһ⡣
סһ¥ԽߣǼǣ¥϶ѧ伮ĸôߣҪֻܳ¼¥ûмý򽫻ᱻš
лǰһŽ˲
ȥıӰҡҡͷ̾Ϣһĺӡ
ﲢûˣһתһȦﶼǽܴ½ʿ鼮ڵ˵úʡ
һֻźĽڶ㣬ڶ鼮ڵһ˲٣һЩϵԼһЩͲĵá
ֽ㣬͸ˣһЩ߼ĵ֮⣬һЩͨĹս
ʱ䲻֪ȥת۱Ǵ죬ۿʱ䲻磬вĽ鼮ԭλʱ¼һûȥ
˻صһ㣬ѡȡ˼ȥߵſڣ㴫ղλߺƵүҲ顣
峤ˣһ⣬뵽Ĳҵǰǵĵ
һţÿһ˼óһԿ׵ݸһ׳˶ü۵ꡰȥܴߣҲ޷彻
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ԣһüһۣʾصôˣҲҲʸֻҾֻ֣еõܽ룬Ѿչ꣬һ˵
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008 һ
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ĸ쵰ӣһŵ漴һ߽ף۴ֱ׳ͷţĴ߳
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Ĳҽвֳʦ﷢ʱ˳ˣһȫΧ˹һЩʦﻹŲӡ
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012 쵰
үؿһĨ֮ɫû˿˿ľٶԱߵȫĿǸӡ
ղųе˿ǽˣǵķ֮ôǶүԸģٰѶүⲻǹײôֱɵͷˡ
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˵䣬һֱֻһȭȥпúܣ˳ɵ¶ԼǺܵӵģղŴǽΪ⣬عȻҲܹ黹Щ鷳Ըɴһݣ䳹ʧȥ֮

һҽУһֻҲҵʧȥ˫֣˲ҽУֻԹؿ죬Ҳκεķ֮
ЦһӣЩǰ÷˵һBټҲǰһЩ֮ѾȻ뿪ȥӡ
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Щ߶ɵĸӿʼ˳ɵĴѹһȨʵʹżĶүһǼĶӺͷˣȻڱ˳ɴѹúܲңǵЩ֪һ֪û
ԣ˶û¶УҲû⣬һϷվ
ռ˳ȫ¶òԣȻС˳ɵ±ڵأû˼ʱȥţܿ컹յϢ
յϢȨĳǳڱչصĴ֮⣬ҲյϢһҵȫ˹
ÿˡһͺȺ֮˻æóһ
뷢԰׵ߺһʮȺ֮ʶһز峤ϣǸӡ
˳ɣȻûʽ棬Զͬ㣬֪˳ɡ
죬ʲô˼ѵҪȫ¶ӡ˳죬ӣ޲ýˡ
˳ɵĺǳ⣬һ㶼վһˣ峤һŤͷ˳ɵ˭ȱ
쵰˳̲סŭ
쵰ɫŹֵؿ˳ɡиԣ֪λ쵰ʲô£
ԣ˶ɫŹһǿЦ⣬ܶ඼ͨ졣
Ļ쵰˳ȫ˫ʱܹ裬Ҫȥúýѵһ
峤ϼ²Ͻ͵ϢŭүԴˣ֮ǰ鲻ǵˡ
漴峤Ťͷܵ˳ɣҲҵĶϣ˷ֱĳύoʲô¿˵Ƕ԰ôռųôҳԷǲԵġ
ԭ˳ɰ쿴ŭܵ˳һֿۣλλϡ
ض񡣡ϵ˵ͷĳĮʵΪζڳſڣ׼˽ȥȡʳһˣ
ĳύoһۣЩŭǳôԵĶЩô֪ܲȴһʷ˵Ŀ


013 Ϊ
ȻȴûбֳǵλϹҴ飬ײڣֻλΪĸ
ԣλ϶üͷ˳ɵɫȴԽ
ۿ˶Լϵ˵ͷгϵصʲô¾˵һ
лϡһת˳Ƭ֮һ̲ߵϵǰҸΪӼʵԸ뿪޶չǽ񽻸˳ɴΪǶεȵΡ
˳ȴ֪жҸױչڼĸװٰѹָʹǣʳĶǳԣλһʳǿǳ˺üꡣ
˵ǰĲˣĻϺĳ϶ֱüͷǰ̲˲óԣҲ뵽ζΡ
Ѫˡ˳̲סȳ
ǲԩԼЦ̲˾ƽʱԵģһڳ
ǵʳﲻãֳֻܹкθɣ˳Ȼ᳥У̲˿žθ
ǸղŽԽġؿ˳ɣһĲơ
û˳˵ϱ㿴ǱĿȫǵɣʵĹ£ү˵
ǳϵĿһɨȫһϽү˵Ķġδ˵꣬еһɱĿ䵽ϣ̧ͷһۣĿ˳ɣɫһӱòҰףһתү޹أȫΪ
ԣɫ͵һ䣬ʵҪã¿ɲһ˱ġ
үȷʵΪɲҪʹһ˰ɡ
ղΪ˵˳ָʹģʵ
ҸղֻүΪү׷¡İ˳ɣʣȫԼϣõҲûа취
ʵѾΪ֮ӣȴңҪǲø˵Ҳ˳ɽƷѣƵĵ
⣬Цү죬ܹ˲Ҫܹѣֻǲ֪ǷҲһҪܹ
һ£˷֮⣬ҹأÿϵÿ¶ȡһǮĸѾû쵽һңÿȥ¶˵ûǮѵүƹô꣬ѾҹϵǮˣ
⻰ܶ˼ֱָ˳ɹ岻ƣ濴٣ʵѾܿա
˼˳ȻóҪǻλڳ޲ýһƻУ˺üŽеŭѹ£˵ҶģⷿǷǮҲʱѶ
ô˵˸ɵˣЦ
ߡ˳һ˵пǷǳʱô˵ԣ˵˸ɵģĺʧģ˵û£ʱһ飬ûǮһԼ
岻˵ĬˣЦ
Щȫô˵飬֤ݣֻóϻôҶˡ˳ò֤ݣųϻҲỹһס
Ӷȷʵ֪°һתһƵЦͻȻת˶һͷˮ֪ʲô˼˳ɷˡ
ɶһ£ּȻЩ²Ƕָʹڹ壬ô飬꣬ȴ˿֪飬ǴʧְӴ
ԣ˼ԭΪ֪Щ˲վָ˳ɣҲò֤ݣȥ첻
תΣ˵˳ʧְ⵹ûһ⣬һĹ߾Ϊ˸ϵı˲ϵǮƣһЩʳĶǳԣʱ仹꣬Ĺ˵ʧְš
˳һؿ죬ȴһ仰˵ָʹģǾʧְɳˣȴĽǸصĴ
˳ɽ֮ʣȴվ˳ŵϵɣȻϿ˿үͷ˵ķˣҷл˵
ԣɫһӱòҰףȴһ仰˵飬һˣ˵˳ָʹĿɾͲһˣļҲһ˳ɵĺǱ˭


014 ɱ
ˣؽΡһͺȣɸߡ
Ťͷ죬ϳ֪ү´⣿
Ϲ˽м֡
Ȼˣ¾͵Ϊֹϵ£ǵ֮ٴ
лλϡż˹һÿ·ϾѾҲûٵڴſڡ
λ뿪ˣִµҲ뿪ˣǵҲԳõ˷ˣ뿪֮ʱ˶۷׷ףǹϵΨ˳˫ð𣬺޲ýˡ
ͬҲõˣҲǰʳĶһΣһ㣬쵽Ϊʢһٷӵͬ㶼Щʵ
վŸʲô߰ɣôˣĸ׿͵ȼˡ쿴ɵɵͬ㣬Ц
ǡǣүͬЩţһ뿪֮ʱٲʱ˵Ц챣һξ룬ȻҲղŵı仯ˡ
ͬľٶҲУ˼ͻȻŤͷͬ㣬˵һ˳˵磬㲻ǿ͵ñѹҸղŵľٶҲǱǱƳģסԶˡ
үͬؿ죬ֿ˿еķˣ˵ͷͬˡ
һ뿪û߶Զ㿴һ΢Цվ
ĸôˣǰʵǲǵȾˡ
ҡҡͷЦҲô֪ҶѾأ
ղŷһĸ׶ˣЩؿǣǻɣȴֻЦŵ˵ͷһݣѾ֤Ҷӳˡ
ǿŭص˳Ҳ̲סһ߷ӣĿСȻҸҽа壬ֱ
ˡһͺȣһĸ˳ɵȥ
ǣүĸתȥ
Ƭ̣һʮңƫݣɫӱ˽˳ɹү
˵ͷ˳أЩҶ
ү¶ɽûжүûصĽ졣ع˵
ţ˳صͷһֵܼ鷳£Σ
Ϊүǽǡᶨûһ˿ĳɡ
仰Ҿͷˡ˳ɶض˼䣬Ļɱ˳˵꣬ᶨصүģҲؽɣǸвүү˿Ĺϵ
һСġ˳ĵͷóһŽɫĿƬݸأɣһ취ͳȥĽ㹻㻨һʱ䡣
һĨɫмлү
ԭǱһ֮ĵģȴû뵽˳ɾȻΪ˺·
ظ뿪±˽ü˳ɡףѵҪ뿪
ôܣ˳һĨɱôܷһ뿪
ղŻ˵³֮뿪²ص
ǲΪ޺֮ǣΪҰ¶ѡ˳Ц
첢֪˳Ѷ˱ɱ֮ģ˳ԹͬǰĹ´ȡǮ
ղֳȫ˶ȻҲ֪£һ죬û쿪ڣ㹧ĽǮ˳ͬʱĶ
ߵָĴǰҲ֪Ǯж٣ɵӺ˶ˡ
װ˽ӲӵĽңÿһлһԪӲôһƣһö
˶Ľӣ컹ǵһμ׼ȷ˵ǵһμӣð죬ŻعһŤͷͬ㣬ЩʵǵǮǶ٣
ү㻹û꣬ÿֻʮңǰռ峤ϼȡһٽҡͬشѾûȡһһǧٽҡ
ôô쿴ͬ㣬ͬҲûôңҲ֪ô졣
Ҫүý𿨰ɣܼҵݹһŽĿƬ졣
ʲôŽ𿨣ɻؿŹܼҡ
Ǵ½н¥еģÿŽ𿨴ǧңֻҪõ¥ɻȡңȫ½ͨáܼСĵĽ͵
Ȼн𿨣ղôóŹܼңƵϽ
췢𣬹ܼҸϽٴóŽ𿨡


015 Ұ
Ž𿨴һǧңҪȡǮ漴ֻԱóһСӣҲѴѵĽеĽץСС
ֱԼǧͣ£ڹܼǹĵþͭ˫£챧СӣͬһߣֱţصϢ
ۿȥܼȴпԣҲңȻһЩҲͼ٣õóġ
±Ƕүָʹģ߶ү⼸ٽҶүҲ
תȥ
е͵۾¶һĨϲɫ֮Ȼôͻˣս̬ͨ˾Ҳδͻƣȴͻˡ
ϲ֮࣬һ˼սһ¾ñ֪ĸҲ˵ȥд鷳
ȥˡվ¶һĨ΢ЦҺòĲḻ˽绹治ס
Ǵ˸кš
˵ôǸү˵ѾǷӶð
ʲô˵үײˡ
һԺſڣһСţ·̲ס¶һĨЦ⡣
ɽĻȴϵЦסˡ
˵Ƿү⣬룬ΪȱҵѪ޷Ѫ̹ΪʲôͻȻʧ˰¾أ
Ϊʲô
⻹򵥣϶ǷǸҰ֣ûҵѪԸ޷ҵѪ̹ʧ٣Ǳϵȥڹ֮Ȼʵˡ
ŭڶԺ˹ȥ
Ǽ˵𣬸ûѵ󣬻һصͷƶԣһ˻ɵ˵Ҫү
ҪҪһȥ
û¹һȥȥҲ󡭡һŭû˵꣬㷢ɫԣŤͷһÿĮס
ɫ৵һ±òҰףүô
Ҳô֪һҰ֡˵
ܵŨصɱʶȾܣҥԣһΪñҥԣ붼֪һǱץס·һ
ڲ뵽ܣˣһݣһץסĺ󱳣һ˦һ죬ѱݺݵˤڵء
ȻĸףҵҪмһǰȭӰ磬Ƭ̣ѱѪֹһϢ
ܣ
ǺֶΣλҲʶ׷תܡ
һҲܡһݣڴſڣȭһű˹ȥ
䡭
֮ҷڵϣţһţݺݵϣʱƤһ㣬׷ɶ
ۿ쵲ڴſڣ޴ɶ㣬֮ݣ㲻ҲðУʣµּŭ
һȥƴˡһĴһŭȣд󵶶˹ȥ
ƴˡ˫ۣһػ
չǲŽӴѧȻ֮ǰΪ֮ǰɱ˶Ѫԭôֲɴ򶷾ȴԶԶĲ㡣
ڿ˻ǷһҪƴļʽһţæԱ߶ȥ
ݡ󵶲ŵһƬɷףʱҲõ޿ɶ㡣
սҰ
鼱֮£ǻӵһȭȥ
໡
һͳȭͷϹãһһӰ
áֵʶӰһȥ
䡭
Ӱ֮ϣһ漴㿴Ǵ󵶻ΪƬƬƬӰǰ壬ݺݵĺţõѪɳȥ
ͬʱӰһܹ˵Ϯ
սҰǿ֮⣬еһѧȭеʽ
ȭѴսҲݺµ֮һһУֱսҰ졢ĺپ졢¡
ΪǿսȭÿһǿصһлȭӰγһӰԷֻϧʵ£Ͳȫս
ϡ
ӰδվһʹŤͷȥһʮ꣬еƫݵһɱĻӽĺ˲Ǳˣء


016 ǵʵ
ʱĿ͵ؿĺ󱳣ʹǰ̣ɲôʹǴ̲ȥ
صľٶ쳹ŭˣʶԩ޳𣬾Ȼӱ͵ϮԼ

һȭӳӰȥصʶΣգһ
䣡
ӰݺݵĺصĽ£õôһȻܹһǿĳȻõ˲ᣬǶһĨѪ
ˡһӰһԶӶȥ
ӡ
һͺȣҪ׷ȥȻڴʱһ£ݲϵӰȴͻȻǰס˾Ȼĳύo
ÿһŭȻύoûãЦүԽԽˣȻܵϷִɱڻҺϷ򡣡
ۿѾ׷أύoʵĳΪң
ִɱȻΪ㡱ύoЦ
ô˵ǶˣָǼ
ύoûзϣƵؿ조֪εˣȻܵǴ֮ң˵ȻǼ֮ӣҲȴ
ȴ˵ġ쿴ύoЦ̲ܽϣ¹Ȼ·ϲһˣһɱңΪһ֣ǳϣҲе
ԣύoɫһ䣬ôû뵽أղ㿴ִɱŭŽ쵲ס
˭뵽ǳûӵ֮˾Ȼɱ죬Ūãʱ˻ָʹģǿɾ鷳ˡ
ô£ύoŤͷԺ
ĳԩһҪһۣ߱캰صĺԩ
ɫһʵ˵ǷǶԴϷж϶
ղſڣ֮˵ӱ֮£ʱ˵϶ǶӴűүģϾүֳʵͲǶӵĶ֡
˵ţүʹ˽û˵Ǵ֣ΪүǸһ֣λֵܶҪĳüʱǿСûˡ
һѱһᣬ˵Ǹңֱģᣬ첻ǵߣ¶Ҫүһͨ
һɺԡŭָǸ˵Ұֵղ˭˵֮޷幦ΪûѪ
һĨţƱô֪˭˵ģǸղŸû˵֮ǰҲû˵˵㲻幦ΪڼѪ٣ǴҶ֪ʵ
ĳһĨɫȻ컰е˼еľҲûӹĿ⡣
ȻүҲܿտ˵׻ܵó֤ݣ´ȥẮЩǵġĳϿ죬ȻѴԭίЩ˿£һϣĳҲй̲֮ܽ˵֮λöΣǾԲܳϵġ
ܺãܺáŭЦʱѿĳϵ˼ϾֻһˣҪó֤ǸͲܡ
Զ뿪ϼһԡĶǼ˵ŨصɱõȫһĳҲɫһ䡣
ϣתȥ
վסĳӰһٴεǰִɱô뿪ķš
ôؿĳϣڰս
ҲΪ㣬һɡ˵䣬ĳץ졣
սҰ
һŭȣһȭĳץֱȥ
ܵȭͷӰɢǿϢĳɫ΢䣬ΪȭӰ˹ȥ
䡭
һĳɫ䣬Ȼ˰벽Ѫһڣòײűǿѹ
úúãȻҳ֡ĳŭЦеʵſ񣬽ҷ֪ſҲҪʱġ
䣬սȭͷļµϢȥ
֮ǰΪս٣ûж𣬶սҲֻڼ;֮Դߵ
ڵսð磬ÿһ֮˱ʵܳսţԸӷҲֱӰȭͷ֮Ϲ
ס֡һͻȻĳŤͷһۣÿǼٵ߷ɱ
û֣ͣЦ޷úùܽһ
ҵĶ㻹ûʸ̡ܽһ֮ǰĺƣٶȻǣգ۱ǰһƺ
չڵٶõĳϴһϧѾ
䡭
˫ԣĳɫһףһȴûж


017 
ûĳϣǿ죬΢΢һЦ߰ɡ
ͷ󣬶ʹĳ϶ûа˼
ȻǿΪ硣а̾ѣ췢ҲʵҪԣʵǿĳ֮ǰôô
ĸ˵ıӰȫʧĳ۵һ³һѪɽԱߵλŵȫ
ģҿ񣬾Ȼϳ˿ѵӵʵѾﵽ񣡡Ĵ𾪲ѣôû뵽ƽʱʵѾ϶ǿˡ
һ׵ĳһĨŨصɱʱûжԼʲôǴҴһȥˡ
ȻѶɱô³ѾעЩֵУߵûʲô
СԺһŴ֮ϣ˳ɿĳϽݣһĨЦݣͷΪΪǳŽѾСĸӣֻҪõֶΣͲҡ
˵ţ˳һĨأֻӵʵȻôǿύoһжӲ£¾ҶҲδԺСˣǷղʹսǺǿ󣬲㵹ǿԴ¡˵¶˷ܵЦݡ
ĬĬظǵǳݵĿ⼸û뿪ϣһֱ˻صСԺǰŤͷ죬Цһ·Ŀתؿĸףѵʶˣ
ԭĸ׵ʵôǿ˷ܵصȻĳ϶ӲһС
Ҿ㸸׵ģȻĹԶҵѪ̹ܲ׾Щ㸸ױչأֲЩ˳Ҳ⵹ҵʵ١
˵ţһתĳϵʵҲղֻû׼·磬в˶С
ס
ͷǿ죬гصصղŶĳʹõȭǲףԺǰչ֣ʵԱ֮ʱһá
⣬ĳ˺ܺӣΪǳ𣬽²ôˣԺСһ㡣
ǣĸסͷ
˵˼䣬ҴһԼݣǽŶϡ
ǿߵĶȻףǰһ˸ףһϲصҺõ˳ˡ
ֻʲôɵأ˿ȴܹסϮ׽˰죬ҲûŪס
ʱֵɽУֻһã׾ʹ֮ϣǸףŪϡ
֮ǰ²ϣϾһ˿·ûκεĲʣҲûйֱ쵲һű
׾Ͳ϶켶ϵװϼװ뷢ӳ뽫С
˼һ£߶ս
½ϣװҲеȼͨװζǵʥ֮ϻ
װĵȼͬĳҲͬͨ͵ҪžͿãʥҪܷӳȫ
Ϊ飬ԲҪֻҪõϿɣѪУȻÿ鶼Ǹ߰ģҪõǵϿɲףԺܶ˼õҲδܵõͬ
ףһĨ조ô£ôڷһ㣬޷
ѵ
˫ͻȻһǿľ⣬ҧָƳһξѪ֮ϡ
žѪ˳ɫҲԭڴʧɻôǲСδ£ͻȻðһãѪ˲䱻ȥ
ˡϲ漴һ۵𣺡ˡ
ʶһ֮У漴ʶɵӰһ޿ռ֮Уʱһ꣬񣬿ްɰСŮŴ۾
飿ޱ𾪵ؿСŮ
ǵģССŮգգ鶯Ĵ۾صˣԺɲԶŪ㱦С
Ҫʲôüͷһ壬ѵһСԣռ棬û˵䣬ͿҪ
Ȼ޸ˡСһڴؿ졣
޸ףһ㶣ɻѵǲƵģ
汿СղŲǸ˵飬һֻҪȹ׽٣顣Сһӵؿ죺ֲǸôȻΪǰŻһ


018 С
ЦãȻһˣҲСƽϣͷȻ޸ֻҪܹŪģһᾡ취ġ
̫ˣôõˣСһὫ㱣úúõģС˷㵸
漴־죬һŭصǰǸͷɶкܶ౦ǲСΧһбĵطԭСǿԵڵֵģȻȻҪˣȴôɶСûаˡ
ԣͷ亹ֱðֱǳ൐вһǱôɰһвСǸɶͷܾܿǰˡ
СģǾԲǸͷôɶġһ˼ֵ裬ԺСͽҸɡ
Сգգ۾˷ܵͷúãԺҾͽ磬ʵҲϲ˵ġ
Сڸ߸޸׵ҪЩʲôЦʵаԾǵǿ߶᲻ã϶һ㱦Ͼ׿ģԾСҲ᲻ãЩ̫ء
ֻҪдıԣһЩĿʯҲСС˵õЩ߼ʯҲǿ
˻쵹һ߼ʯǿãǵҪʲôҪ֪ұ˵Ǹ߼ʯǳʯûһ顣
ֻдﵽϵǿ߲ʸʹʯҽǳʯڸ߼ʯ½Ҳܺ
ɫ̫ÿССһʣ˫۾ʱ조ûи߼ʯмʯҲԡ
ðɣмʯмʯɣֻûУȹʱһ취ŪСǳģ滳Լ˵ûУ϶۴
ƭˣУȻƭ˵ûСССһ⣬ɽȪһǿί飬ĪھΡ
Сԣûƭ㣬ûСǰСһ߰۾һߺ
ȻƭңǸ󻵵СѺ󲻰ˣ֮ǰǸɶͷһɱС컳ֿ֣Ҫ
ûƭ㡣һĿЦŪͺСһ㣬ʵûа취ֻ˵Ȼ˵УֻҪҶ㡣
ģСֹŴ۾졣
ġͷ
ãƭСԺСҲˡСʾƵĶ˻СȭͷǸָǸָСԿǸͷϿһý䣬źܴĿռ䣬ͷĺöȫ棡
һӣʱɽ֮гһõҹ֮⣬ֻϵöָս飬뿪֮ʱļ˳
֮ǰ֣ôֻƷԭȫǽָ֮С
С߸磬ҪôܽýĶó켱ʵý½Ϻ֮ǰڲõЩ鶼ûнܻýġ
ýҪѪǰһ㶼ڻý沼ԼʶԷ̽ƷֻҪٽǵʶƳˡС˵꣬һõĶЩҪһøӴ
û⡣ͷˣСȥˡ
磬ȥɣһҪҪĶӴ
ʶڵռ˳׼Ȼڲ㷢ּۣһѾƴֻڱϸֲˡ
ԭ⼸˺ǽȫ͸˵ģҵ޸ųС
СȻܸɡ佱һ䣬漴ֺʵСǲи߼װ
佱ԼСáܹ֮޸Ϊ飬߼װǲģԸͲ
ԭˡͷ֪СûƭԼף԰ԾǸָó
ѪɣѪһȥɹ
ʶָ֮̽УȻС˵ȷʵһʶҲʶ㷢һҵĳ
ô£ôʶôǿ󣿡һʮ£ʶȻһۼûУ첻ѡ
ӦðǻͷѾˣʶôôǿأҲСɻ
ˣҾͲŽһʶŻýȥ


019 С
磬ʶǿʸһˡСޱ𾪵Ĵ
ôܳ硣صͷ⣬Ϊʱʶһܿæµͬ㣬֪ʶ̽飬ȻϵĸֲУһֱΪԼʶﵽȴû뵽ȻѴﵽʡ
һеԭȻ֮ľѡ
ѿһˡϲ˲ͷ亹߶ʶٴζŻýеʶȥ
ࣣһ죬ʶڱ
ҵ찡ŻýеĶˣðſˮôණҵˡ
ýռܴһ¥ȣĿĶ˶иֹսᣬҲװиĿʯ߼ʯаٿ飬ѹС˵Ҫı
磬ûƭɡС
ûСعдŸмҪСѣһ֪ԼȻһɽأ
ƻýһɽһҲΪļֵԳһղأһͷѪ
֪ҵ˰ɣС⣬漴ּߴٵ磬Ŀʯʯңҿ˺þˣǣҾͿ޸ء
û⡣ͷʵҪôøأ
ֻҪѶߣҾͿԽҵڿռ֮ڡСɴص磬
áһͷʶһýЩޱȵĿʯ͸߼ʯ䵽׵Աߡ
̫ˡС˷ܲѣһߴЦһ߽Ʒ뱦ڡ
֮ۿûöСִߴٵ磬ð滹кöأ
ɻһ£Щ˼صС㿴ʵôʵȥԺҲŪЩСҲû˰ɣ
һ㣬СʹʣЩʵܿһԽһԼʵҾͿҸıС
ʵҲСȻЩʵֵڻ֪ܹðԾվڴ½۷ﶼ᲻ãԷһ
ҲȷʵҪЩϾܴңܸõԴЩԺ̡
С춼ûΪСˣϽ͵㱣֤Щֻݽ裬Ժ˫㡣
ҵĸ磬Ȼ㲻ãǰǸͷɺöˣСɲôСģЩ͸ˡСԵúǴ󷽣û˿ŭ
СԡһϲϵЦݺܿסˡ
ȻˣֻйԺӲŻ˰ġСЦȻǴˣ˵˶ӣҪǱ֪۸С϶Цģ˫Ҫġ
ּһҡһͷԵڵأðſЦʵС⻰˭أ
Ҳ֪СԵЩͷ憪¡
ðɣ҆ˡЦҡҡͷʵСܸ˵˵ô𻵵ôôأ
ô֪ҿǸɵģǰ¸һ㶼֪Сҡͷֻ֪һҪ޸𻵣ټȥҾͻʧҲԶ
ԭΪʲôСһҪ޸ףԭϵ
С׼Ȼ֪˷֮⣬ʲôûУ
ѾƣܹС֮⣬ûʲôˡСһ£صܸоԲǧܹ֮޸ıе鶼еġ
Ŷϲô˵ԺǿԳȥѰˣ
ǵȻСޱȵص֮ǰǸͷ̫ˣҵָССͲСãСһ߸硣
һǳ൐в춼֪ڼвˣ춼ľ
ģҵСһһ롣϶ĵ
Ҿ֪á
СһЩ⣬Ҳ֪Ը˵Ĳ֪ʲôõϢûõ
憪£˼Ҷ˵Ůˆ£Ȼǻ¡Сͷص˵ˣȥ޸ȥˣЩ޸ɡСһû
ţЦֻ˽һЩȻ˵ұŮ˻£


020 
˦˦ͷ׿һ˷ܵؿϵĻý䣬ȻղűСҪ߲٣ǽǿʯʯռɶЩţԼｨһû⡣
׿ռ֮ڣСǰСֶһ߼ʯһѹǸ߼ʯʱͻΪһɹɾȥ
޸һ㡣С˷ܵСʻãҵһǱޣѪ֮ǿˣһô󷽣ԺиˣԴԴϵõЩҲܺܿ޸ĲݣԼʵҲȥ
ŶŶǸðСһ˷ܵһѸٵĽһڴ½ܹıΪһ
ĳύoķ֮УսסɫˮȫǣǱ˪ӣһӱҵĳ衣
ǸķҪΪϷҲᶪôһڿ϶ڿЦ
˵ύoѾŤһħ
գԹ緹ȥ⼸죬ͨ鼮ȫµѾ˽⡣
һ仰˵ûȨڵϵûʲôǿɱɱ򣬸˿Ĺ˼ɡ
ҲӼᶨǿ֮ġ
ףڸʲô·䳡ʱ쿴һȺΧȺ֮У򶷺
֮£ǰ
үҰɣʵܲˡһɫ࣬Ѫڵġ
Աߣһʮ꣬Ҳ˺ۣĵ˸أʱڵ˹ȥ
㻹ʿһȻҰ֮򲻹ȷֱûߵһĨѪһȭ˹ȥ
ۿȭͷԽԽϾǾԱߵһҲȴֶµľٶŭԣֻýͷŤһߡ
ȭͷֻв幫ʱӰһһ̣µȭͷͱץס
Լ˶˺֣ˡĮ﷢г˷ŭ
Щɶҵϵ֮ͬҵѪֻһȽϡѡ
ɼˣ˺֣̫ˡ
һ죬һĨŨصɱһֻֻȭͷź˹ȥ
͵ϮҲҵĶ֡Цһͬһȭӳ
䡭
ȭԣ¸оԼȭͷǺһһɾ˳ֱϴֱܶษ
ۡ
ษһʹλ㣬Ѫӿµ³һѪ
ߡ
Цһǽץסֱһӣ¾һ˳ȥ
һ죬ºȻأΪʹûܶصˣȴ쳣Ǳ
ܵԱĻĿ⣬¾Īһ㣬˫һӱó죬ȫǣһץ˹
ķȥɡ
ɫһݣ켱ٺˣ˵һԱߣһѽץϡ
㻹񡣡
һĨ֮ɫ¶Դ̹ȥ
߼ۿҪжԷϣ˭ûж
ֻв幫ʱͻȻһʹŴ˹ȥ
ꡭ
һѾݺݵĴ̽µұۣǾҵʹõȫ˵ϡ
˲䣬ղŻŲѣű£Ȼѱ仯ʵ̫죬ԱߵûӦ
ȻǷﶼ硣Цһһ壬Ѫ䡣
һĲҽȻõԱߵһع
ãүˡ
ŸʲôϽү̧ȥ
һţְ˽̧ѸסȥȻǶ¸ղŵǷŭչү׻ʵƹңʲô£Ҳкý
һߣ䳡Ҳֻʣ˵
лүȡǱµѵվһмĶ
ʲô֣ʵ
СĽ˵ָŵϵ䡣
Ƿʲô£ô˶֣ʵ
үǸûκδгί벻ʵÿһʱ䶼ѡãҲܵˣϢܺˣɡ
Ȼ䣬˫˸ŭ𡰿鲻ã֮˷С


021 
ţͷҲ˵лף鲻ã϶źܴĹϵ
˵ϵŵ䣬üͷһ壬ǵ˶ᣬҩƣܻܿ߰ɡ
лүһϲõҩܹ󣬲Щͼܹõģ첻ǣҲֻôȥڻʲôҲûа취
˸սԺӣ㿴ŵˣüһ塰ô£
Ǳ´ģҺȥüʱ˷С콫ղŵ˵һ顣
ȥݰɣȥҩǵ˵ͷתֽݡ
˵öᣬ䣬ȸµҩ˿ϸҩ࣬ս˳Ѫæ˰죬Żָ
лˡү֮˹ϣмĿͷ
ˣһˣؼƽЩɡ΢Ц
ԲүǰҲһ㣬ү˲С˹һᶨؿӽүġ
ҲˡҲᶨصжģ֮ء
Ҷһˣ໥չӦõġ΢΢һЦɡ
˶һۣһ£վ
ˣɡ£źʵǵʵûǿսҲ֮Ұ
ƴ˵֣һҲδǶ֡ߺ޵صֻϧү˵үǲŹǵġ
ǰֵ֮ʱС˵ڶ˾ĪʧˡҲŭصֱ󣬲ֵڳⷢ˵ʬ壬󣬾ǵļҲĪʧˡ
Ƕ⣬ôҲ̫˰ɡüͷһ壬Աߵɻʵĸף֪ô
֪ǵͷµʱֵûңǺܶ˶֪
ǼΪʲôܣŭȻҲҲ֮ˡ
˳µˮ©ҵ֤ݡҡͷ㸸һֱڱչأҲΪС¶ÿδǴòˣҷʹˡ
С£ŭܣҲһӱñ䡰ȻС£
ĸײͨ飬εҡҡͷ
˵òⱾһǿΪ磬Ҫֻܹǵʵ̫ˡ˵֮ʣ˶һȻ
ǡԭ밲ο˼䣬ɻδڣɫ͵һ䣬ͬʱҲ͵վ
ǸҳһСԺը죬ɫ˲òҰס
صģôġɫ˵˵꣬ȥ
Ǿҳȥ찲οһ䣬Ҳȥ
յԺţ㿴˳ŭĴһȺ˱Ǹǽ⡣
ϣͣϾȻᵽӺɱչ֮ǵһΰɣ֪кιɣɫȻϲޱ˵
ǣӸղŲɱ£ڻڴϣ棬ͬбشҽ˳ŭ
ûǿڣ߳Ц˵ÿãͬбشô£ЩԶΪж£
ǶȻ⡣죬˳ŭڶ𣬲ǿѹųֽɱĳ嶯
⣿Ƕ˵ҲͰˡ˵ţͻȻɶԷˣȻҪɱ֣Ҳ⣬ֱıɱӦ֪ϴôѰ˽ɣ
Ѫˡ˳ɫһ䣬ȻУЩˣֻЩϵϵбȽϽܳġ
ɱϾЩҲҵϵҲĹ涨ǻˣʱλ׷д鷳
ѪˣЦڸղţҼʱֻ֣˱ɱܺ߻ҪǽгʣҸղŻкܶ˶ģһЩ˻վǳ˵˵ɡ
ԣվ˳ļ˳ɵĿȫһĨŭһ뵽˳ɵĿֲȫεĵͷ
ʱסҲ˳һĻվү˵òǿ֤үʱ־ǣʱǿѲˡ


022 ǹལ
ˣ˳ȫɫһ䣬Ȼȫ˵µΪܶ඼ûۼҲ͵һִԣʵǰȴһľҪҵԼûԼԼ͵ñɱ
ܵı仯˳авãһĨŨصɱ⡰Ȼ£ֱ
£˳ѻΪһӰɱ˳ȥ
áһһܵǰȫսҪ˳ɳ֡
ҼſףҲ̫ҷ˰ɡһƽʱı֣һӰһֳƣȥ
ǵľٶ˳һĨɱȫսƱһȭȥ
䡭
ȭཻһ֣ͬʱ˶ȥһֱ˳ףͣ¡
ǣѵҪ˺ɣ˳ǣȴޱȣղһʹȫԭûǣȴû뵽ʵ֮ǿûһˡ
Ҫ˺ȷҪ˺һԣؿ˳ɡˣܵǰɱ
úá˳ŭЦ漴ɫ͵첻һѵΪҺۡ
˵ţһ֣ϣǸס
ҿ˭ҡһͺȣĿ罣ؿЩ
ǱǶȫһҲ֪ò˳ɵĻȥҪ֪߶ǵġ
˳ؿһЩԥŤͷǣеɱԽԽǿ
ܺãܺã˵ЩʵнǾһɡ
Ҳ̶ϵĸС㼱
䡭
ȭӰӰϷ裬ÿһֻһ˲䣬˱㽻УŵЩͨϽ˵һߡ
ô죿Ҹô죿ųв˸ŵǣд󼱣ȥæԼ֪ǵʵﲻæǡ
磬ģĸײµġС𣺡ĸʤҲеѣĸҲѡ
ôһϲһ
֪˳ɵʵǾڼоǰĸ֣ҪȻҲš
ѵССЩĵ
Ȼǡ찲οֻǵĸ׶ѡ
С˵ľԲСǳŵصҵĸ֪Ǻǿģĸ˵ľһֻǶԷ۷塣
ԣһ
ס֡дһŭȣӰٶȫ뷢԰׵ߣ峤ҲС
䡭
һ˳˾˶ȥһֱ˳ʮͣ¡
һϣһ˾ȻڼҵǸˡΪĿɨһۣ漴˳ɣô£
شϣɱ£ҪĸӲ᲻񣬷ҳ֡˳ɶȸ״ͺ˶ίһ㡣
ԣλȫɫһ䣬Ϊ׵ĴĿҲ絶Ťͷǣˣô£
˳ɣ㻹治Ҫʲôܴ˵һվһĵؿ˳ɡ
˵Сķݡһŭȣǳο壬Ȼֱ𳤱ôʮޡ
쿴ϣûһη壬ЦΪһӦù䣬ΪǺ󱲵Ŀģ˳Ϊ䵱һô½֮ҪɱˣҳУֳ͵ϮңűҴˡ
˵ţŭָ˳˳ɾȻŤʵ˵Ҫɱ£ŴܵСԺλܺ˳ɱ֣䵱һôܵҵô
㡭ϱһϯɫ׷ָ죬춼û˵
ô˵֤ݣϼʱֹϡ
֤ݵȻС쿴һ˵ǾǱҾµܺߡ˵ţֿ˳ɱļǵʱҲڳֻǲ֪ǸҲҳ֤
Ͽˣվү˵òүʱ־ǣǴʱ⵽µĶ֡Ѿ¸ӣҲûʲô˼ɡ
ĿһתϵĿֿ˳ɱļһܵĿ⣬Ǽɫһ䣬˳һۣȫͷ


023 ĸʯ
ʵ˵Ϸ֤û˸Ұô߳
ǡǲ֪ȫҡͷ֧ղһֱڸѲӡ
ɻ֤ˣٴο졣
˶ǲҳϣٶ֤ҲáһĮûΪЩ˵ĻŭֽԤϵˣҲ̫⡣
ϵ˵ͷ˳ɡϻʲôҪ˵
Ŵһһ˳Ҳٷϻ֪Ȼϳˣ˵ٶҲǷϻһпܵϡ
ϲû˵ǳĬð죬ųȻҶ޻˵¾͵Ϊֹ֪ǿͬ⣿
ԣɫһԣά˳ɣ¾ɵӶܹôôˡ
ԭ컹Ҫ缸䣬Աߵȴʱһɫֹˡ
ͬʱ˳Ҳɫ΢΢һ䣬ȴεüãûб˷֡
Ƕ˵Ҿ͵ͬˡϿһۣҲϣٶȷ
˵꣬ϿһۣϺ峤תȥȥ֮ʱȴĵһۡ
ߡλǰŸߣ˳Ҳһתȥ
˵ıӰȫϢǶ簮һЦӣǽȥɡ
ͷȽݣɻʵĸףղŴƫ˳ɣô磿
΢Ц˵Ϻ㸸һƽʱʱ䶼ڱչأܣѵá
ҹܹʵйأ㱾Ѫϡ٣עǲѪ̹нʵĹӦòѪֵֻ̹꼻һ֣Ը˳ֵ̫
ҴΪ֮бϵĳϣҲܿ棬˵ȥ˵ͻǵˣʱֻõǵĴѡ
ԭͷ½Ϲֱ֣Ѫ̹ͨѪ̹Ѫ֮ΪУûͬѪ޷
ͨûʲôҪֻҪﵽߵҪ󣬶
ÿһѪ̹һǿǼѪǧϣʮ˵о죬ΪʺĹЩͨԱġ
϶ǵ֪ʵ֮˹עͨɾҲͺԤϣԺܽȻ¡
ͬʱҲǰһ̫˳ɵĴѹԽԳĴ
ʵһлʵȭͷ޺޵ص
Ҳ̫żϾ㻹Сʵ뿿ʱۣȴһӱģȻҲ֪ʲôܸоҶԺĳɾ;Գˡͷο
ĸ׷ģӲʧġ˵ͷһ£һ̵ܳӣƬ֮˻
ԻһСƴСмʯݵǰĸףǶϴϵģʼҲ֪ʲô֪ԭżĺôĸʵܿͻᳬ˳ɡ
ϵʯܵǾ˶ˣû˵ʲô
ð죬ŻعЦû뵽ҶӾȻд˸ԵмʯҶӵʵͻͽǧñ֪ΪҶѡ
ĸףҸġֵ
ҡҡͷȰؿĸģҲ˵˳ɣǴﵽʶû⣬ĸиø󡣡
ĸ׷ģһСһѽʯǵϣ漴Իóһʯ
ǿ˿Լϵмʯֿһеĳʯ𾪵úð춼û˵һ仰
ӣĸףǷʯǿ죬ɫࡣʯΪߵ˭ܵõһ͸Եһó飬лһмǾͲˡ
顣Һĸһһ飬ֻʵǿˣԺ˭ǰǡ
˼һ£ҡҡͷʯĸײҪԺ·ţԼɡ
ԣ󼱡ĸǶТģѵⶼҪô
һӣǳһ£ǿʯùЦ㸸ףǿԼŰɣ


024 ԭ
˵ף뵽Щ޶ܲˣ۸һŭΪʲôҪǣΪʲôҪ
Ǿ죬ŭ⣬簮һЦͷû뵽㻹㸸׵ʵôҲΪǣѡ϶ѡߡ
Ϊʲô첻ʵ
Ȼ֪Ҿ͸ɡǳ˼£΢΢̾Ϣһ»ôӵ㸸׵Ľ˵Ȼλ֮һƷޣҶҵûС
Ϊ˵ֵҵĴѹ׼ԱٳǵĺμԽμ֮׳ңϾμҿǿĶﵽ
Ѿ̸ףҶ׼Ƹʱ㸸ΪҼӦǲϵҲòЭҲ˺μҡ
μҪҵģҺٳҲǺμһڸ֮붯ٳǵһæ˵ͣűҡ
֮ĶԹǽˣʱǵܼҺͻƼҲûѹǣҲһǴεҺڽҪͷͻΪұһɱܼҺͻƼҵĺõ˼ɵҡ
ԭҲû꣬ܡҾȻͻƵʹԭƽĹϵٴαƣҲܵĪв
ʱ϶йϵ˾޶Ĵۣһʯø㸸㸸ƾʯһ±ͻƵʹҲ
ɼˣҵʵҲң㸸Ҵһǿʯչأϣܾ콫ʵȥǿ⵽Σ
ԭԭжɵҲһЩ漴ɻȻʯչô꣬ʵ϶٣˳ɽô۸ǣѵͲ¸׳ˣ
ǲû֤֤Щģ㸸׳Ҳܰôġҡͷ֮ǰ㲻㸸һעгɾͣЩҲδػ֧㸸ף˳ɲŸš
⣬Ϊ˱ʯܣơҲϧһдᣬ֮У˴㸸֮⣬Ҳֻ֪
ѹšͷ˳֪һʯǽҲš
ĸףǿʯԼɣҹ⿿һǲеģֻǴҵʵȥҲܸȹ̡ᶨصмʯ൱ڰٿʯԺ󻻳ɳʯҶá
죬ǳˣðŵðɣ˵ڵʵмʯȥԶɣмʯ̺ܾҲޱȵӴ󣬾ʹùԺҪȥҲǿԵġ
סͷ
аԽңҺûжʯԴĺ˵壬˵Ҫɡ
磬ĸ׿ãôĶȻȫ㸸סС̲ס̾лЩĽ
ǵȻٺһЦ
ҵԺеˣһЩҸˣ˻ؼϢ졣
˳ɾסСԺսݣ±㼱ɴʵףɽǷɱˣ
һ£˳ɫ˲صԺʵ㣬ٸ鷳Ҳ
˳ɵɫпһʶϽʵףô£ѵԳ֣òǷ
һ˳ƽϢһеŭ𣬵ؼʱϻ쵰ˡ
ϡɫһ䣬ŵصôܣϲһֱʼ֮ô
Сǳġ˳ҧгݵصĴʽ΢俴ڰǣѾʼעǸˣԺȥǣǵϻ쵰ϲ
һŭѵҳôĿôˣҰ첻
첻Ҳð쵽˳ɫһ֮ɫû㣬֮ǰύoԺһȭύo˰벽㣬·һûеڶֽ
ԣ˶ˣĿҲûɢʧǵĵôܣôܣǷôһӱôǿˡ
Ҫ֪һţһֱ߸ϣ첻һȴû뵽ȻŻǿŻʲô
Բܣҵһţôһﶼ磬ԲУһҪ


025 ˳
ʧķһ㣬˳һʹһĨɱ૵ķⶼΪ㣬ұؽʬΡ
ļ죬ȥ֮⣬󲿷ʱ䶼
ˣǵǷǳĴÿ춼ʺ֮ǰڼϢҲʺһ
ˣо쿴˳ɴŴȺ˵СԺǰҫӣͻȻʶԼ̫ˣٳĸףһֶûС
ԣڹ۲˼֮󣬱£һӰԾղóһؼ߽׵ͨ
Ҫ֪սѪ̻ͨĶеȼɵ߷ֱ˼ؼ켶׼˵滹񼶣ȴû˼ĹƣͰȭ϶ǵ֮񼶡
⣬ÿֳиס
Ȼؼ߽׹ڰԾղֻ׵ģԭҲһ߼ǣϾȼԽߵĹԽ˳ǵԼûԴһʱ˵
ơ
һͺȣһƺһսмһСĿӡ
Ƶ޷ȭȰҡҡͷ̾ϢԻ˵ġ
ӵõ˿ӰȭУҲоڹǰȭȷʵʹãڲѡֻ˼н׵ս
磬Ȼȼߣ㽫ȫ죬ٵġС𣺡Ϥ֮ȫԶ޸ģʱ϶ٴ
ԣһ㶣漴С˵ĶԣɣֻҪҺúֽ׶ʹûûġ
Ҳٳɣٴδ߶սһƵĶŵȥ
ڼ˼죬ڱȫɹϳ֮Ҿһ˶ǰǣȻ˼֮⣬ҲûǴк⵹ĸ˼졣
Уڴϣ˫΢գ˳žٵתš
ͻȻ֮䣬һһɳɳķУ˳ŷһЩ΢Уı
ĳϣ֪㿼ǵô
˵ˣȻǷĸʵɶϷ򶪾棬ϷԼ֪𡣡
ĳϣҪãѲǰǸǰڲСŮˣǰȫ·磬⿿ĳ㣬Ҫ뱨»Щѣ
˳ɣ㿴ң
Ȼǣֻ˵һʵ

Ƥһ͵ۣһĨɻô£Ҹղô˳ύoĶԻǵסŲԶ
ѵǻþ˼һ£ԣǲǻþþôʵѵܹôԶ̸
£ٴαۣɲôҲһ˿ʧʱղֿ֮ٴγ֣Ҳٴδ
ύoһҵġ˳гŭ漴һŲ
ġϾǲ죬漴ֱ˷ȡȫַԺ˳ɲ˵ʲôıƻӳҶ
˷ܹٴαۣѰҵֿ֮ڶһʼʲôоûУƬ֮бٴδ
һʮΣҵо˷֮࣬Ҳһܡ
ˣүһһҹûˣʲô°ɣͬһǵؿǣѵӷų˳ԺˣҲٲ۸ֵĸм
֮һûʲôֵġ΢Ц
У˵Уõһ͵۾ҾȻѾһ죿һĲ죬ȻѾʱˡ
ѾһһҹˡСҪĸѾͷˡ
ееˡҡҡͷ˳ѾյòˣȳȥŪԵ˵ĸ׵ġ
˳Сһ󣬸¼ȡ֡
Ŵ򿪣һ죬ͬǰʵүû°ɣ
û£ֻʱ䳤һ㡣ЦЦĸס
ڷȻֵùҲҪע壬ڻڳ壬ÿԷȴٲõġһ簮ĵ
֪ˡ칧Ӧ
˵ͷǵԺעһͺã߰ɣ˶׼ˣ͵ˡ


026 
ų緹֮ʱǵĸףѾòˣ뵽ȥ
ȥ⣿ü΢ɻʵȥô
²СЦȥҸĵطȭ
ȭĶ̫ȷʵʺڼǵ˵ͷһ˼ĸȥɣ
ѾôˣܹԼչԼҡҡͷЦοѾǰǸ
죬ǰ춼û˵һ̾ϢӳˣǸöˣԼҪСһ㡣
ĸ׷ģһСĵġͷ
ڶճԹ緹Ȼĳ
ϣʮҵڽй䣬ϴûг֣Ѿȫ
ֻʧٻ֮ܵһ㣬ù鼫Ȳãĳϵϵ֣Գе
ԭǲģȴǵ뵱ϼüλϵ֧֣ǵĺ󱲸ùϵһͬ⡣
һݴֹϸüȻĳżƵ꿴һ£ٺЦүΪǷ
Ҳ֪ǷʲôʺˣʧһξȻܹˡһȥżҡͷ˵ЩڼúܣѶӴˣܵĳԺҰ˵꣬㽫Ŀ⿴֮ǰ˵ꡣ
ߣݴһߣŭүүСҲ棬үүŲƽϣҷǴ趼ʶ
˵Ȼĳϵһϵ˱ǣһԺҵļ¡
˳Ϊ˵õλϵ֧֣ҲǸùϵ˫Ŀ֮£һɳϵǺܲ
ʵϣ趼ʶ˲㡣Ц
ʵ˳ǧȥ죬ʵѾʼǲ˳˵һȭõĳ϶˰벽֪ʵĳˡ
үȻ˵Ҳŭ£˫۹ĵþͭ壬ĳһرӣǿöʵȴǺǿľǱ˵ˡ
ҷʲô𡣡ºŤͷһԣЦбȥ潫趼ʶҵǸ
ţһ㶣Ťͷȥÿųȥ
û뵽ôɣүɼסղŵĻҾͲжǿ
׳Цһ׵Ķһվסδ£Ӱһ׷ȥ
ıӰһĨЦԱߵڿϵЦ֮Ƥһ飬±һ㣬Ͻ׷ȥ
γûϣǺڳһȦţͻȻһȣȻ֣üͷ΢΢һ壬ûйᣬǰ
վס
ٴδɫһŤͷȥÿɱӰ
˭ĮĶºʱüͷ΢΢һ壬ܿĿת
ﻹûû뵽ȻװɵˡһŵصҾ
һ˼ĳϵӣ

˼Ҷ˵Сϵģû뵽ȻϵСġһЦص˵ɣҪʲôû£ͱҵıʱ䡣
ԣɫһһĨ˫۸˲ͨ죺Ҳ趼ʶҾ͸ա
˵䣬䲻Ķһȭȥ
һĨ⣬һһȭԺȥ

ȭԣŵŵľԶһƨ˵ϡ
ֻҶӲգ㻹ûʸ񡣡һмؿ漴ŤͷʵǻôûҿҪˡ
Ǹү˭趼ʶģڽѷ֣Ȼû¡Ȼº޲˺죬Ҳɵӣ֪ʵ֮󣬿ɲȡ衣
ҲǸүġҲЦ
Ȼû£ǾͺڡЦһתȥʹնûٿһۣеĪĳ衣
Ҳ㣬ҾͲһͷŭҰޣ˫۳죬ȫŨصγȥ
СġСʱѡ
ɫһݣӰ磬Աһõһ̶
ܹһӰһתһӣһץסս֡


027 
һʹֻһһҽУϵ˳ء
һӣ𣬱ʮ⣬¶һĨЦֿһԱߵ£ת
ҲŹġıӰһȴõýϵֱۡ
Ƿﶼʲôأ
ܵǱĵĿ⣬ŭաӹ
һƧС֡
졣
һӰһݣΪһǰȥ
ݡ
ȭӰһһսһڵһӡ
ǲС
ҡҡͷɫЩʧǰȭĵڶУϧһвûսҰô˰죬ӳȭȻûһ
磬𼱣ȭǿָ߼սһ¾ɵġСİο
İɣĻеġһЦٴεսȭ
֮УĳϿ۶ϵҰһ㷢ŭޱߵңĻ쵰ҶҪʬΡ
Ȼѧ츳ãΪǿöύoǰȴܹԣϲڿ˳ټ֮ǰ֮ǰֻͷһ죬ôھͺ޲ýǧˡ
үүôԸǷһɵصݣ֪϶˵ԴСɲΪҶ
Ļٿ֣ύoɫԽѿ
ģүү㻹ύoɱ㲻˵˳ôҾͲԺҲǡ
Ҿͷˡͷ
⣬һѶͷ亹ۿɫѲ磬ϵĻҳսҰҽһɣҾͲ컹סҡ˵ţתŸǶȥ
ǧ֮һĶıӰһĨϲðԵȭܵõսҲ¡
һ죬ҲûϢսʣ࣬Ҳƣֵʱ
£èڲݴзɱȥ
ԭϴύoԺ͵Ϯʧ֮رҲһңΪ˳ύoĿѹƣɱҲûἰҲǱڳȴĻᡣ
죬һţ㱻֣ԭ˼Ҫڳｫģȴû뵽֮ǰ˳ͻ
ܻûٳ֣һֱ˳ǣǵȵʱ
еͻȻһһɳɳüͷһ壬פȥȴʲôûп
ô£ɵˣôûأ
磬ֲõĸоСҲѵ飬ȻǳĸоǺǿ
Ĵһʶ̽һȻû˿ķ֣һ˼㿪ڵҲֻǻþ˵ţǰȥ
աһݴУȥĨһѶͷ亹ĸ֪̫ǿˣѾСģȻǱ֣ñСĲǣҪǴݾߣԺֿɾˡ
µļǰȥ濴ʲôûзʵڽһ·ǰһʶϵ̽ܡ
һֱǰԶȻûз֣һɣԼˡ
ߡ

ͻȻ䣬һӰԱ߼Ľãõһ
á
һͺȣ챩˶ȥǰǵӰٶ̫죬ѳǰ
ݡ
ãǰһֱţʱȴ޿ɱܡ
ϡ
صϣǣδ̣Ǵ̲֡
㡣ýʹԼϴ̵أ˫ɱϴˣҿӡ
˫ȭգս߶رһȭӻȥ
սҰ
ȭӰһһӰ֮
áܵӰϢɫ͵һ䣬ǴϵһãӰ֮ϡ
䡭
һȻ죬˾
ɱ
˫һվͬʱһȣٴųȥ
顭
һĺֻ˲˫ֽС
ȥɡ
һȣͷȥ
ܵĽɫһ䣬æԱ߱ȥϧصʵǿܶ࣬ٶȻ죬գ۱㵽ǰ


028 
ơ
鼱֮УһƻƷջ
˲Ʒݺݵĺ֮ϣǿкᣬˡ
һ˳ʮͣ£أʱҲûмŽվĿɱĿ죺˼Ҷ˵һ˭û뵽ԭһز¶ĸ֣ǺĻ
ĻôһĨΣ漴ɫһݣʵҲ֮ˣΪʲôҪɱңӦԩ޳ɣ
ԩ޳Ͳɱô¶һĨЦ
ûϵЦضݣҲһɱ֮֮޶ԹðűΣɱңǾֻ档
ԣɫ΢΢һ䣬Ŀⶼڲ֮ͬʣٴδҲʮСϼȨֵɱңôҲֻһԭ򡣡
Ҹһֱչ鶼˳ƹţ棬ĸһֱСԺţһȨƣҲ棬ΨһһǣҸΨһĶӣռ涨кһˣҸ׵ļ֮λҲͱס
ɾˣҲòһ棬ܹõֻ˳ɡ˵ţ͵ߣиǳɱ⡰˳ɱҵģ
ԣɫ䣬û뵽ȻôƾԼɱܲµ˭ָʹģʵ̫ˡ
ȻŰսɱػǲ֪˳ҪɱЦһĵǲϧʵȴԶɱ㣬Ϊȭ
ΪҵȭһĨġһţ
Ѿ˵ˣүûϵɫˮ֮½Ϊõȭ
¶Ц㲻һ治ҿ϶ȴֿ϶˳ģΪõҵȭôҶ˳ɵĿǴ˵
ֻҪˣû֪顣ɱһΣٴδ
սҰ
ͬʱͰսҲȻһȭԺȥ
飡
һȭӰݺݵĺ֮ϣֻһ죬Ǳ˸еǰѻΪƬƬƬ䣬ֻʣ°ء
ܵѣɫһ䣬ǰȴ»ȥ
һȭͷ֮һаһãѸٽȭͷһϧ˰ġ
ۡ
һ죬ȭͷϱ㴫һĵʹһݣϽˣһֱ˳ʮףͣ¿ȭͷ֮ϡ
һɼǵ˺۳ȭͷ룬ȪˮѪϵǾҵʹõ첻ϵϵļⶼ鴤
ղŲͦҿڻô񣡡Цǰһ
ܣ㲻Ķ֡СߴٵʦڵܹԸġ
ڵܵõô¶һĨЦŸ£رһȣŰٴ˹
ȥɡ
˲ϵˣϽԱ߶Ȼõһظûһ˼ӽϣһһĶõǱѡ
տʼ컹ֵܵʱȥ۵ϵ·ظҪףˡ
顣
Ӱһ֮ǰݺݵ֮ϣǿĳֱӽԶ
ۡ
һסһѪɫҲһӱòҰס
úáĨһǵѪͻȻ¶ЦݡҵҪ
˵֮ʣתһ̨ͳˮسȡŵսڵս
䡣
һͺȣڵ֮ȻԾ˲ȫ岻ͣ沿Ťһƴۼ׳ڶͷϣ˫۱ͷѸð
⡭ı仯ϵļⲻϳ鴤оǾҲʲô
ı仯ԶֹЩĿ֮£Դܿһͷţ˫ҲΪצ֮һƬƬȰƻĽɫۼײ֣ҲȻһ㲼ۼףǳ׶ࡣ
գۼ䣬ԭǾֵĿ֮Ȼ仯Ϊһ׶೤ͷǣȫŽۼ׵
໡
һţһŭȻΧϵҶѩ·ɡ
أȥ
ǰһԾצӶر˹ȥ
رͻȻı仯ŵð춼ûعֱצѵǰžŵĻֵȥ
䡭
צ׻ϣظûзӦצݺݵĺ֮ϣ߷ɵʯӣѪȷ磬ɳȥһֱɳ֮⣬źȻء
ۡ
صڵϣѪȪˮһ㲻ϵֱӿǰһƬѪģ˺üΣû


029 һ
ղŲҪɱôôˣΪ쿴أһĹЦȻ㲻ҿɾˡ
˵䣬߹ȥǾצ֮£ÿһһضɽҡ
һƽ˫֮һĨη塰ܾôˣһᣬԺдõӵҡ
߶һսһݣҲﲻ³ѪܣԶȥ
ǣԶӣȻû׷û뵽ǣȫ֮ӰһΣ±죬ڵϣЦʵ̫ˣֲ֧á
漴ֿһϣ֮⣬·ڸղűʱƬҺ׼Ͻ֮óһ·Լϣڵס⡣
磬תսҳ壬˵С˵
šӦһҲٷϻ£תղսǿս
ʱһȥѾȫˣҴܵľҲ֮£˳
ȻһͻƵ˰֮ܵǳӯ˳սһĨϲ漴΢΢̾ϢֻǿϧЩʧսЩսͻƵʿ
磬Ҳ̫̰ˡСӵЩսʧܹܵ𣿡
⵹ǡЦһ
ʵѭ򽥽һⲻǺܴ󣬵һ̫࣬϶ܲסװˮĴӣƽʱװֻаˮټһݣǿԣӵǴӱѡ
ϢƬ̣վ˸ڷһۣѺˣĸڼҵȼˣǸûȥˡ
սţ㿴վſڵţǰĸףѾˣԺõҵġ
Ҳû¡ҡҡͷϵõ·üһôˣ
ġһͷЦԭǲΪģûɱһ˵
ϵҲģǵǿǽˣĿȭ
εЦЦֻ֪ЦڳһǿǴһܣǶҸˡ
ԺСһ㡣¶һº͵Цݣ簮ȥߣĸװһ¡
ûµģС㲻ʲôĸײõġ
ˣĸ׵ĻˣгԹ
ĸ˵ôôɣεҡҡͷ
УڴϣϵˣŽصĴսε̾ϢһǴ򶷾鲻㰡
򶷾鲻㣬Ҳֲ죬Ͼ֮ǰһͨĴѧֲϵĻ죬Ļʲô򶷾飬һ²Ѵﵽ̶ֳȣѾܲˡ
ҡҡͷת
ڶһ磬Թ緹ҵˡ
үǣһ죬ǰʵ
ǵġͷЩҷԼʵ̫Ƿȱ򶷾ˣǶ
⡭ɫһ䣬һǾ뵽ϵΡ
ѵλүҲһǿˣа
ǷģҲºֵġһ˵ɫµ롣
ðɡ˳һ£ŵͷ
䳡쿴˵ʹȫҡ
үЩɣϾү˵ǿô죿
ģǵʵ˲ҡЦ
˵ͷһȣȥ
ɱ
˲㵽ǰͬʱҪݴ̹ȥ첢û˿η壬һЦúá
Ӱһܹһܵ棬ȭͷգսֱһȭȥ
֮󱻻ţֶȥ漴Ҳٹǰһȭ
һһȭͷϮȴĽûȭͷ֮ϣһֻȭͷѾݺݵĺ֮ϣõеҲ׷ɳȥ
һ˺ˣǵʵʵҲ䵱
ɫ΢䣬ǵʵȻֻôһ㣬ֻǸղ˵죬Բóȫ
ٸһλᣬǾ뿪ɣշ
˶һۣͬʱᶨصס
ӰһΣͬʱĵط֮ƣһѽץȵɱ
ΪߣϢֱȥ


030 
˶ǰʿΪʵսḻȫƴĺУڲðȭ֮Ҫǻ治ܡ
ϼã֪ԼֵסֻѸȥ
һ˳ʮףͻȻһȣ˱һƻ
ơ
Ʒ缤䣬ȴһΪһƬãͬʱƷɱȥ
䡭
һƷ类ãɢ˸û˿ͣĽã켤ȥ
ȻӡһЦҲˣӰһܹ˵Ϯϣһƻȥ
ȴ컹δƣӰ͵һתһٴζҲǳصģٴλȴǱֱܹӶȥ
áһϽսϧѾֻһ󷭣ǵƷ֮һɶȥ
һ˺üУ˷Լȷʵв죬Ҳй˼ɣʹȫԼѧȫóкȥ
տʼ˵ֻ֮вϵĶܣڼʮ֮Ϥ˵Ĵ򶷷Ҳʼһ˵ѹҲǣƴʽ˳
䳡Ĵ򶷺ܿ㾪ң˺֮£ȫۿϾķȻһӱǿɺܶ˶ûĴɻ
үôǿˣ˿쳡еı֣ȫĿɿڴ
˵ѾͶ˷үôִǾ˵ı֣Ҳ˵֮Ҳ˱ܾõľ
Ǻޱһƴļʽ˶Ī˾Ȼүº֣ѵ˲ˣ
˿ɲôۣʱ˴𣬶˫ֳʵ൱ûиõֶ
ԭ˸ģҲ쵱
Ⱥ֮⣬˵Ļ㱨Ҳ˹ֳʵ˫ۼȫ΢΢زķһҪʬΡ
ϣߺ޵뿪ˡ
ֳʵ֮ǵ˿ɲһˣͬʱԶύoҲҧгݣ޲ýھˡ
˳ɣʱɫ࣬˫ȭգ˫۶񣬽Ž׳ȥü֮Щִǵ֧־ͽøѣܿԭѾ֧˶ҡ
ģ϶ӸĹȲˣǰУɳһжˡ˳һĨŨصɱתȥ
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һͺȣһƻƷ缤õɫ͵һ䣬ͬʱӽȥ
顱
һȻ죬Ʒ类ɢǿĳõһΣһƨڵϡ
үǲˡ˴ŴֱҡͷһʱĴ򶷣ǲڵսʣ޼ȫҲýƣ
Ҳˡ˫ֳϥϣһЦ⣬Ǻһƨ䳡ϡ
Ϣһ˶վ˵͵ʣµʱǼ٣úûȥζһ¸ղŵĴսǻвٺôġ
лү˴ϲл
˵ͷžסСԺȥһ·ЩΧ۵˷׷׹񣬿¶һĨЦ⡣
Ȼʵ˳ϷаǰЩ˿ҲӾͲˣĻ񡣡
߳ûԶͬȺܹ֮һݵؿ조үӴ
ⲻŸոտʼЦ߰ɣһȥ
šͬͷһ˷ܵһ𣬸
˺˵Цûһ͵ľηֵһ㣬˶һĽ۷׷ס
ԺǿҪˡ
˹ʺˣȻҲܳΪ֣ǼҪˡ
˶ףѲɱ⣬ڼǼΨһĶӣ⣬δļҲȸԺؽõá
˷ֿͬ㻹δСԺ㿴һ΢Цվ￴ǡ
ĸףˣæǰ
˰ɣǵͷó־콫ͷĺˮĨԱߵͬСȸһ㣬ǽղ˶ǹ̬ȡ
ͬ㣬ЩҶ֪Цȥү׼ˮ㿴ĺˮ
ŶͬԣŻعϽھȥ˵ţСԺܹȥ


031 ˳
ѾͷͬǷģҡҡͷıԿıֻǷǳ˵ġ
˽£ǿ죬ϵЦҲôȻ㳹װ˷֮ü֮е˿ʵҲСģԼ֮λѾãǰ㲻㸸׵ߣһıֵȻ޴棬Ҳʧȥƣҵᱻģ㲻
ĸ׷ģһСĵġͷҾͲڸж֡
ڸȻ֡ü΢壬ҵĵ֮㲻
ĸײõģ㿴ĵ㳤Ц
СӡҲ̲סЦˡ
ϴ裬һ󣬱ݡ
£΢΢һһ㴫˽ͬ˷ܵض˵䳡˶£Щ̬ȵĸı䣬˵棬ͬ㵸
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ķô꣬ȻһﶼɱˣֱǷﶼ硣
ףǷʧΣڱضע⣬䵽ǷУǿǴĲ
ҵȻףҸҲǻ쵰ǻ쵰Ȼҷһ֣ûڵĲ֮
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£һȲ֪˳Ѿȥջ¶һĨɱ⡰عȻ˳쵰ģȻ㲻ֶ֮飬Ǿͱҡ
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Ƭ̣˳Ѿύoٴʩչ˳Ȼ˵ĶԻٴδ
˳ɣ֪Ĵ㣬޷ǾǷĸ˵ĶԹҰü֮λҿԺ׵ĸ㣬ܡ
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ܱܲҵ£֮λϵδķչǾԲġ
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˼һҡҡͷˣʵΪҪġ
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תһȥڶԹ緹ˣǿԼ˵ģãû˵Ӱ
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Ψһͱ˳ɿ˳Լ£Ҫˡ
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ĸһȥɡǰһ
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סͷȥ
Ƭ㵽˳ɾסСԺ֮⣬δţ洫һĲҽУɫ͵һ䣬첽Ժȥ
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ÿһȣȴ˿Цү˵ˣûõκ˲ý롣


032 ǧһ֮
˵İΣ˷ϻһߣһȭ˱˹ȥܵȭͷϵϢɫһ䣬ϽԱܡ
ݡ
һܿγ졣
ҶҶҪ췴ĮؿˣһĨɱ⣬ŵ˲˰벽Ҳò֪÷
ߡһˣȥȴҲ
СԺڣΧţȭͷȥ´ʱѪۣΣЩ˶û˿ͣµӡ
һԣ˳ֱ뱳ЦؿһĻ
һŵǲҽвϵˣɫһӱ࣬һȣס֡
װõһ㶣Ťͷ죬¶һĨŹֵı飬漴Ťͷ˳ɣ˳ûн֣ͣҲٹ죬ȭӶ¡
ҽס֡ŭӰһݣΪһ磬ȥ
ճ벽һĮ𣺡죬δ̫˰ɡ£ǰһΣ˳ѵǰ
ÿһŭȣ˳˿ϸǴЦݿ
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ܵȭͷϢ˳ɫһ䣬վֵ̫ľٶֻӰһٺˣһֱ˳ԶһõӰһ
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һ
죬Ҳ̫˽СԺҳ֣Ǽ֮ӣóһ˵Ҳ뿪˳촳ԺǱһбˣֱ
ҷһЦʾصڸʲô˽ŷˣҪҸ˽СѱɱˣӦ
˽ŷˣָ˰ɣ˳ɿһˣЦӹְأҵıȴ͵ߣһǹ͵͵ѵʶУ
죬ҿôˣĪͬ˵һԵҲһЦĲ
õͦѾǵһˡ쿴ˣЦȫ˶֪˱ȥǾȻ˵ӹСԺȻᱻǱ
ǽѰС飬ˣһȻˣͲܵ˿Ӱ죬ǾҪҲҸõĽڣֻҪǶܿóķֱҵ̡
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һҵҪô
úúá˳ŭЦԱߵһͺȡҺȥ
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ۿηҶ˳ɵɫԽѿ첻Ժӣа壬ŵ¶ҳֱ֣ڴ
һɱһ˳һȣСҲɫͲ֪𱰡
£˳ӰһǷŰսȭͷ
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ơ
ս͵˳ʵǷŰսȭͷӰȥ
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֮£˳ֻȭͷϴһɿֲƻ˳ֱֱܶϣκεֵصĺษ
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033 
˳ɫ΢䣬ܲǸղŵȭ֮⣬һĨ֮ɫȻҾͳȫ㡣
˵䣬ƴһ˿
䡭ƻƷ类˳׻ɢֻһĺ˳ɵȴȥƲգ۱㵽ǰ
áǰֵǵƣܵ˳ϱɱɫ͵һ䣬ϧӦ㱻˳ɵƷݺݵĺϡ

һУ쵹ɳȥݺݵײǽϣǽײһأźȻأֻһҳ
˳Ӱͣ£ؿԶǽڸ죬һĨЦ
ףǷôˣԱߵһ˳ԣɴʵ
ҵ׷ƣɡ˳ɵص
׷ǿҵѧ֮һ켶нս֮ǿҾǿⲿ似û
̫ˣˡ˷ܵȫֵܿףɱôЩϽһһûгصɡ
ģСһЩΪңôġ˳һŵصɳô˵ЩѾоһ˿ͻƵ⣬ò˶ҲʱҶδؾ
˵ˣһѾЩҲῴҾͲƾһ֮ԡ
ӴԺҾǸ׵ġ˷ܵ˵
ȻĻδ˵꣬㿴˳ɵɫһ䣬ǿԶĿ𾪣֮£Ҳ˳Ŀ⿴ȥʱ˶ˡ
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ס֡
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һӰһץ˳һ˳㱻һֻսĸɿݴץסҲȥ
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ͷҪɱˣ˻ֶһյͣɫŭ졣
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ĸ׷ģ쵰ɱһ˵㡣ɵЦ
ǿȷʵ޴󰭣һ
㻹˼ңһǣ˳ŭɶΪĸףúý̵ԼӣȻҵСԺҳ֣Ȼôͷ
˳ɺܽƻһϳ֣֪ԼѾûٻɱĻᣬΪһι鵽ϡ
˳ɣҪݺˣǶ˽̽ǴðҼʱֹʱѱҲʾѾ˺Ҳй˼ɣָ˳ɣıɱˣӦ
˵ţתŴϹΪֹ˻Ắĵġ
ǵڵϣĿǷǵҲڴΪ
ɫ΢΢һ䣬һۣǿǴĿĵ˺ۣ̲סüͷٿ˳ɵĿжһ˿ŭ⡣
ܵϵĿķŭ˳авãϽ͵ϣ͵ҵıʣ뽫һ򾡣ȴû뵽ͻȻ˵ͳ֣ŭҡ
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к֤ݣ˳Цû֤ݣòҪ˵


034 
Ҫ֤ݣʾص죬ʱ䣬㽫ҶҳʱҵҪ˵
ȻˣҾ͸ʱ䡣˳죬ЦҲָΣ
ǱԼԲģ¶֪˵ˡ
Ҳ㴦á£ԱߵǱ㼱
ĸײżȻصúܺãҶὫҳʮ˵漴Ťͷ˳ɣʵҳˣָΣ
ҵǱ͸㣬Ҹ˳ɷǳľûаѻ˵ҵҲʧһ񣬲ʲô𺦣죬ҲǿƾãȻܽɱˣҪķɶúܡ
Ѿ˵ԱߵĴϼʱȻѾԼãǾͰԼ졣
뿪˳ɵСԺ̲ס죬ϳɫ˳ڸﶼɱ֣ҲĲ㡣
ү˵öԣ˳̫գСİҲ
ĸ׷ģа취ҵ񡣡һŵ˵漴˵ǻȥϢɣ˴ϳ֣˳ɲٰô
лү˶һһ໥뿪
뿪ֿ죬ܸĸףΪôô
а취ĸײصġһЦ
첻Ը˵Ҳʣ˵ͷһȥ
صСԺϢԼӣľٶõǵĲѣΪǸղˣȰ˵һǷġ
Сллˡ콫ʶ֮УǿɰСϿҵлҪϴף˳һ֮£Сѱ
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ǵġС϶صͷҲҵļУȫ޸ұıΣܽȫסʹ֮Ҳȫһ󣬷
ôǿһĨ𾪣Ժ˭ҪԼ׿ͣҲһ˿ƿġ
ǵȻСǵصҿôһ仯أ˵ţСһֻϧҪȫ޸ȴô׵ġ
СģֻҪеǾͳȥҿʯ϶صʱһҪȫ޸
Ү̫ˡСϲ
ƽеļʹչ˳̽˳סСԺ˳˵̸
ףղôǷɱˡǼꡰҪղſɱ֣Ƿˡ
ô֪ûɱ֡˳صҸղʹõĿѧ֮һ׷ƣⶼûʲô취˳ɵҲƲѣ˵ʿûУһһҲɡ
ôܣһŵص׷ôһ˶ûС׷Ҳ֪ģֽ޷
ңô֪˳ŭ֪Сܻô
һ㶣޻˵ð죬ŵĵصףǷϴλ֮һƵģʵҲǴǣڸ׷ƶһ̫죬᲻Ҳҳ
ɫһ䣬˳ԼرĵطԼûб֪ҲһرĵطֻԼ֪ɷģǾҲġ
ԣ¶ʱһǾͺãǾͺá
һֱ˷ֿ˳ɻطջ
ϧ˳û˵رĵطϺ̫ƻԼӶšЩʧ漴һȷȷʵǾȫϣҳ
˳ɵĶԼ㴫˶۷׷ףȫ뿴쵽ʲô£ҳ
ôʧǣڽûκεľٶÿ첻Ҽǻؼ


035 ˳ɣһ
ӣǲѾѰұˡ̲סʳе뷨
ĸײżơһŵЦȴֿôɣԭļƻ˳ܱ˳ɲӲĶ䡣
û뵽ǣ˳̫üΣտڲ˵̽ƻ˿ա
ʵҲҲżĸڣ˳ɲҰô˵ţһĨɫ˵ʱȥ㸸׽г
лĸס˵ͷվȥߵſڣ㿴ͬ㺹
ôˣüͷһ壬ʵʲôô
ûСͬҡҡͷǻˣȥүҵĶүֻΪǣү
ϵôͺˣɻϴܵ˿ɲᡣ
ȫǲܵġͬҡҡͷ
ôˣʵҲǰٻô
ү˵ûҪ۹Ǯͬһ£ƽصǼֻܹǮƽʱ͹úܿ࣬ٱ˹Ǯһ˿ԵĶûˡ
ԣһҲףȻ￴Ʒ⣬ҲֻЩϵЩϵòǺܺá
ȥ˵ͷתȥ
˳ɵס컹δţ㿴߳ǰʵôûΪǰɣ
ûСһЩǵؿү˵˶ûȥұ񣿡
ģȵʱȻҵ񡣡ʮ㣬ǣǰγȥһѣһֻѲѾϢˣٹʱܱ׵ҳ
ԣ˫һϲ̫ˡ
߰ɡһͺ˱תȥת֮ʣŤͷһСԺÿ˳վſڡ
˵ıӰ˳ɫѿ˼㡰СôʶѲˣ
ѲǿһַǳޣҪɱʵ;Ѱұ
ǲɶõıĹЧϣв߻ħֱѲϲģӲ
һ뿪˳ɵסʹ˳˳ɣ뿪Ƭ֮б㴫˽ŲǽŲ˳ȥ
Ȼͣ£һת˵ȥϣ˵Ҫȥұ֤
үλѲǻҪŵôɻʵôھȥˣ
ǲұƭ˳ɵĶѡЦ
ԣɫһ䡰ûѰǿôѰұ񡣡
ֻСƴСô㽫Ҳҵ
ƣǿȥϡ˵ţҲٹˣ˳ɵԺȥ
յԺſڣ㿴˳ɴҴһ죬˳ɵɫ΢΢һ䣬ʵ㵽ʲô
ȻұˡЦ
ұ񣿡˳һݣвãֻһˣûˣûղ˵ѰʱһЦ֪˵ɣȥ
ȴ˵һˣЦ
ȻˣҾͲˡ˳һתҪȥȴ߳һһǰЦ㻹ۿãһˡ
㡭˳ɫһȴҲٶ
һϱˣͬĻϡĳϡ峤ϣҲˣֻǿʱĳϵȴŨصɱ⣬Ӻ޲ýˡ
Ѿа취ҳˣϿһʵ
ǵġʮŵصѾ֪֤
ȻǾ˵ɡϵͷ
ϡͻȻָ˳Ц
ԣ˳ɫһ䣬죬ѵ˵ǲɣ
ǲԼ֪׵ģһѣ
ҶϣҵĹߣһСë˵Ѿѵģ˳ɫˮ´ȥĿɲ˳һˣҡ
˵ĻҲüͷ΢壬ðſȻ˵ڶϣк֤֤
˼ܼ򵥣˳ݲһò֤ݣҲ޳Ͼ´ȥЦ


036 ˳ɣ
û֤ݡҡҡͷ
ԭſڿӡĳύoЦȻѶϵóֱԽԽˡ
ҲһĨֵزҲΪ쵣
ĸ׷ģа취΢΢һЦЦſһĳϣŶŴϵȻû֤֤ϣҸҿ϶ϡ
Ȼ˿϶ó֤˳ЦֻҪó֤ݣҾѡ
ʮı飬üͷһ壬˵ԭ˵
֮Ըҿ϶˳ϣʵһжܼ򵥡쿴˳Цղʱ˳óţҹ˵һѻѰҡ
ѰҶ֪ҪѰұǲڵ°׵ıҲӲѰǱֻҪܲҳ
ԭ˳ҪŵģɵҵĻ֮ȴִҴҵתݣƬּ֮ææ˳ǵֻʱȴһĨţȻһǱҸ׽ˡ
ҶүȨ죬ΪʲôһᾪأԭҴѰط˳ûţҳȫ˵Լ֪Ҳû취
ΨϣŻţΪֻҪҵ񣬲ôƱ磬õģʵһĺܼ򵥣õĽıߵѣ˭˱ֻҪҪѰ϶ὫתƵ⣬㲻ҵ񣬱ϾѰҲ޵ġ
˵ţһĨ˳˼ɫ˳ɣһȴû뵽һССļıưɣ
˳û˵ֻɱȻؿ죬˵ϸĻһжȦףûʲôѰǽթġ
ϣǷϣϿ˳ʵиǳ˲ɷϡ
˳ɳĬˣǸϵĿⶢϣҲЩܲˣҲ֪ٽƱҲãֻôϽó޺޵Ķ졣
⻬Ͼȷʵһöù˳ɱ˰Ŀ⣬˱̾
ȻѾõ񣬻վʲô˳ǿųֵĳ嶯˫ۣһͷһ㶢졣
Ȼ˲ӭҾˡٺһЦʹһ񣬵ʱ˳˵ֻҪҵǾ͹죬ҵˣҲٶҪʲô
˲ͬģֻΪ֤׵ģҴҲ˳ˣûеϵ
˿һ㶣֪Ǻ⣬ֻһ˲䣬˱˼ǰǰһͷ£Ϊ
˼ף˳ԼԩǣͽǴǲôˡ
ˣֿ˳ɣкΪѣ˳̫ˣӦõģ˳ɱϾҵĶϣһǼĹߣһܴĴܲ
˽ȥϻҲܴ
ڴΪ֮ʣһԵĳȴʱȷʵһЩίҿÿ˸һٽҰɣ
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֪ôأϿʵ
õĽȻǰ˳һȫɫ䣬ּܿ˵֪ǲܵģھϱúúòǡ
˼һ³һһǧҰɣһǧֻ˳Լ
˳ɸҪŭȴһͷðɣÿһǧŶҲᷴԡ˵ţϱ㿴˳ɡ
˵ʵ˳ǧˣǰٸԸ⣬˵һǧңһٽԸ⡣
ɴʱѾڣоаٸԸ⣬Ҳҷԣǿɾ͵ˣʱ水ռҹ洦ãĳ֮λö
ȫƾ˳ҧӦ
Ȼˣڽø˰ɡҲֱ˵ĵ
˳ûа취ֻýǧҽ졣
¾ʹ˽ᣬԺ˭ᡣϿ˫һۣתȥ
Ҵ䡢лϵĽҡһЦĶ˳˵˵꣬Ц˳ɱ˵Ŀ£ת뿪


037 ˳ɣ
ȥ·ϣųң˶˷ܲѣһǧҶǿһʾ޿ĴһҲδ׬ôࡣ
˷֮࣬ҲɻүղôҪϳ˳ɣѡҪǧң
ԣҲ죬Ҳ졣
˳ɹ꣬ټ϶ϵݣңǵλڴϣҪƾҪϳϸӦġЦôΪѣҪЩҡ
Ͼ˵ЩҿɱȵǸʲôĸʵڣôҲһӡ󣬷һ˳ɵҲͻˣҵ½ࡣ
ĻҲףͬʱɫһ˳˵Щν´ǣҲʲô£ܵõһǧңҡ
úŬɣֻʵǿˣŲᱻ۸쿴ˣЦ
лү˵ͷ
һ󣬱˳֮ĶԹϣ֮ǰֻйϵͻڸֱ˳ͻԺǲݡ쿴˵ԣԺǧҪСģֹ˳ٰжº֡
ס˴Ӧ
ͷ⣬һַͨɢȥҪÿ˶֪˳ɵΪ
ԣɫһ䣬үղŴϿ˵ˣԺ˭ᣬô֪ǻ鷳ġ
˳ǲݣͨÿһɫصһ˳еžһĴǷǳҪڴڲùܡ
ô˵ҲǼ֮Ҳº֣˳ȴֻͬҪܴǣʲôֶζʹҲԲɡ
ǣүҲ˼
һУԱߵҲ̲סͷǰ˳ɣΪ첻С쳤ˣҲˣȻҲԸạ̃ԭǶӵļ֮λҪˣΪһĸףǾԲ̵ġ
˵Чʺܸߣڶʱͬ˷ܵĸ˳ɹݺ˵Ѿȫ¶֪ˡ
ˣ֮ǰָʹ˿˿Ǯ͹ǳʳʳһҲǱΪ˳Ϊ˱ȫԼ
ºһƬȻ˶Ϊ˳̫ˣΪ̫ɣһЩ˸ǰз˳ɣҲ㣬ǰһЩңҲ˻ɣһӱʹ˳󽵵͡
Ľֱõ˳ɱף޲ý˺ˣȥҴϸ״˵ݺ
ɵó֤ʱȴòˣЩҲֻǼвˣ˭˵ȥģ˭˵׼
һˮ̣޹ա
糿ƽʱЩϴϣǻûȥȴÿͷ
ôôˣǿЦʵ
ˣˡЦĸ׿ѹøԸҲҪĸһ𡣡
ʲôʱѧˣЦ
˵Ŀʵ쿴ǣȻʮˣȴΪϰ䣬ıֵúܺãټѩ׵ķɫ͸߹ʣʮŮһ㡣
쿴ȴܾ˵ʲôðŷ֣ǸûһΣȻʳڣεĳУȴԵЩв㡣
øĸ׼βСа룺Ϊһķˣôûмأ
ϴϣһȥͬѾ˻ټһǳĲ
Թǳţĵͬʵ֮ǰ㽫ĸ׵Щζȥˣ
үʲôͬĵ
ĸһζûУɲУ뽫Щθ˵ҲǮˡ
Ҫ֪Ǯ˽ңԾĻý֮лһЩȫ㹻콫ǵˡ
ԣͬ˫һͷү˵öԣһζûУȷʵУЩҶУȻʤУΪ
˵ţͬЩĵֻѾȥôãҲ֪ܲ


038 
ΪɡҲ֪ʱЩѡ򲻻Ҳٸĸ򼸼ʵġ
ص㣬š
ϣʶͻȻС磬иڸ㡣
֪Ǹһţˡ˵ţһĨЦ²ͻȻӿ죬˲ʧһ䴦
ŵһʮ꣬ȫµһ첻ˣһϽ׷ȥյ䴦һȭͷͻȻӭϮӸ˸ţҲһԵڵء
û˵ǰȥȭ£õǺӲҽֱȫʧȥ֮ͣ
˭ҵģĮʵʵش𣬷Ҹұ֤Ľվļա
ûûҸ㡣һ־ҡͷ
ʵǰɣһĨЦץס˵ʹһֻžһͷ㱻顣
һҽУ۵ȥ
˵ǲ˵
û㡣ʹöͷϾ亹ҧ
㲻˵ѵҾͲ֪¶һĨЦ˳ɰɣ˭ôľ˸ң
ͫһҡͷҸûи㣬ϣģҵģƾʲô˵ڸ㣿һͷϡ
磬һñҮСЦԴ
̫˳ˡ˵ţһסӵĲӣһʹһ죬ӹŴۣԴһԡ
ۿľٶѾԱ߲ע⣬콫ӵʬһŲһ磬ʧڴ־ͷ
ߣһ׳˶ĿӱߵǺʬԣһºӵʬ壬ĿһĨɱ⡰Ȼү˵ĺɱѪεˣؽʬΡ
ӵʬ壬ת뿪
ԶڴֵתǴӽӵʬߣһĨɻ˶֮ˣѵ˵˳Ϊ˶ԸңѾˡ
пӴС˵˳ɱŪȻһЩңϾҵүЩ˶ˣǲù˼һ㡣
һ㣬Щʧܣ׾ͱ¶ʱͱҴȥ˵ҵļ˾ɶˣЩǮ˵֮ͽǣҲ鲻ͷϣǻǮѣƹô꣬õǮҲʲô
ͷ˼һ£ͷС˵òѶ˱ɱ֮ġ
ԺҪСһӴС
¹˭ֻ˵ءһĨЦ˵ţתǰȥ
֮ͬǰ˵ĵ·һ㵽һƻֺſڣеϷдĸӲӵֵҶ
սţһʮ˾Ůǰ棬һְҵ΢Цصλӣ֪кҪʤǳＸҪһС
ɨһܣǳĿ㣬һȥȻͷҾӪĻҲ෱࣬Ů˵ֻҪܹ񵽵ģﻹС
빺ǰΣ֪ôջĿ⣬Ů
ԵģյƷһ㶼бһʱٴŮ΢ЦʾʱǿƱݣҼ۸һЩϸ
û⡣ͷͬƱݵݸŮ
һƱݣŮͷЩƱȷʵ￪ģ빫
Ůǰ̨һЩǸصλӣʵڲ˼ֻλڣΪʱ̫ãѾͻܻˡ
ܻỹҵôʵ뵽ˣϾ˼ҲģĶһֱš
ºѡŮյЩζ͵ܻᣬܻһЩ֮󣬱ȥٶϣȥˡ
ǾȰθҡͷ
ԵȡŮתȥƬ֮κйκд򿪵ݵǰҪΣʱչܼٽң涨ҪӰٷ֮ʮܹҪٽҡ
ۺΣһƷһǾӨ͸һͲס
Ʊݣļϸһ飬ȷɣͷóһǮݸŮٽҡ


039 ƼС
ŮӹǮ˲䣬ͻȻһ֮漴һ٬βȥ͸Сӿ϶˻ʱŷүҵĻġ
һĨŭ⣬ǻܿ϶Բʲôö˵ĳ¥еļˣԼĸùĶֻɫ˵ã˵һ¶衣
Ҳ£˼˵ʲôǶ˼ҵ£УҪ֪бƼңƼʤĴ֮һ鲼ʤɱֹһǵļǿ˲֪ٱ
﷢ִƼңǾǸҴ֮֡
Ҳϻ콫ǮݸŮҪֽװεĺùֻûӣȷһָֻһˡ
ɫһŤͷȥһʮңɫף˫ݣһǱɫͿӵ󣬶Ρ
û쿪ڣŮѼ˵ԲλӣѾλߣҪлвΣӿ㿴һ⡣
ӾǿҶһٽҽ򡭡δ˵꣬ͻȻס漴һؿһΪ˭أԭǶҷүǰʱ䲻˵ʧôôܻҶۣ
ؿһ꣬û˵Ŀȴõһ󷢺
һĨ־壬аģǸôôôĿ⣬ϴ˰ɣ
˭ͻȻʵ㲻Ǹ
һݣ찵вãе֮ɫ֮һЦ죬ٰ
˵ţץӣԭ껹㣬ٶԶ죬һѾͽӸץϡ
ˡ꣬Ů˵ͷתȥ
ȥıӰɫĪ⣬ǳķԼȻ˶ҪǴȥ⡣
뵽ɫһվס
ȴţǰߡ
ķүվסŭǰǰһͷҰް㱩ŭһȻҲүĻ첻ѵһ٣Ͳ֪ү
˵䣬ֶһȭϮ
Ȼȭͷջӳֻһ֣㽫ץס־һǯļס
ңҲ˵漴һ֣һģˤڵء
ķ첻㣬ҾͲлƴһŭȣȭͷ󱳺ȥȴͻȻһתһ߳ĸ㽫߷ɳԶ㽫еĻײ
ǰһŲĶϣصҸղ˵ңһ᲻ġ
˵䣬һʹ귢ɱĲҽС
˲йˣһΧ˹һ죬ٿǱڽµĻƴ˶Ī
ǱڽµǻƼҵĶүƴǸһȻҵķү
ǸүôҲۻ˰ɣ

۷׷ףȻǺܴģⲻʲôǷ֮
˵ۣüͷһ壬ʱеĹҲ˹صУλʲôԹ뵽⡣
һ۹ߣһʮ꣬ԲüɫĿиɢ֮ɫһˣ쵱϶һԼĸ׵ĸ֡
ʵڱǸⲢҵı⣬ʵҪҵ鷳ЩǸصͷ̧ţȥ
߳ԶеһĿɨԼϣŤͷȥһʮ߰꣬üĿ۷棬覵ϴϵЦݵŮ
Ůһ쿴ʱһĨ糺죬ص˵ͷ
ŮԼ޵⣬òҲ˵ͷתȥ
ȥһֱȫıӰŮûջĿ⣬¶˼֮״
ʱ̻ҲŮϽ߹ȥһЦصС㣬ôˣ
·塣ŮջĿ⣬ӯӯЦ漴ֿһȥķʵûǴղȥӦҵǸүɣ
ǸүΪĹߵСӣѵСעˣ
е˼СЦ壬ҪȫϣԽϸԽá


040 ύo
һ㶣ЩصС㣬һõȥעô֪һСҪĳ˵ϸϣǾʹˡ
С¶ŹֵЦ⣬ŷ壬ǻƴȻôҲһ֮ߣղţȻֻһоͽ򵹣һô
һ㶣ղŷ飬ɫ΢΢һ䣬СôһᣬҲ֣ôܽƴɴأѵ˵ʵڻƴ֮ϣ
֮ϣҪ߳ࡣСɫһ룬һпѾʿʮţΪʲô˻һֱȴδأ
ȻʵСӺĻ
ȷʵСͷܹ踺ص꣬ѵֵصע
ˡͷھȥռϢ
뿪к󣬲ûлңųȥЩ˵Ķʵս鵹١
ֻϧȭ̫󣬸޷ڼҪ֪䳡Թȭĵڶз죬һȭȥ㽫䳡֮һǾ޴ĶõΧһضɽҡҲڼ
һţһ⣬Զɱȥ
Ƭ֮һƧ֮ҪʼһĮŨصɱ㴫˹Сϴǻ㣬ҵҪ˭㡣
£һӰ˲۱ǰ¶һϵӰĳύo
ύoյһݣãû뵽ԼճύoҾȻɱԼġ
˳Ҫɱ컹ùȥϾԼ֮󣬸˲ٵ鷳ҲΪ֮λҲ϶Լɱ֡
ύoԼ֮ĶԹȴܴ󣬿˵ȫһЩС£ȴû뵽ȻҲҪɱԼ
ɱңǿеŭ⣬쿴ύoʵ

Ϊʲô
ңѵ⻹ɱ㣿ύoЦ
ԣеŭҲѹƲסôû뵽ύoҪɱΪôһС£Ҫ֪һСԺǶģΪظˣҪ˵ӦŶԡ
ڵڶ֮ĳͻ͸ˣȫ´ʱҲûȫ֣Ȼˣ˵òأϢָܻ
ȻҪɱңǾɣҵҪûǸ¡֪ύoǲŹԼҲٶ˵ʲôսһᣬóֵ׼
ҲСܵסҽһύoЦһһ˹ȥ
Цύo֣ʵżʮȼһǿ϶ɱĻҪУȻûʵĲԴС
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սҰ
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˵䣬ֻύoһΣһƬĽãӰϮ˹ȥ
䡭
һĺЩãϵϮӰ֮ϣÿһӰ䵭һ㣬Ȼ٣ãĺ֮£Ӱܿɰ͸ҲСһС롣
ȻӡۿԼĽãȫӰӰȴȻڣύoҲ̲סɫ΢䣬һͺٴκ
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ӰһƬĽã񻮹һ㣬ݺݵӰ֮ϡ
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һӰȫɢύoĽãȴڼǰ䡣
áһϧѾֻǰãһǽãѾݺݵĺؿ֮ϣõһ߷ɵʯһ㣬ɳȥ
顣
һݺݵڵϣ涼ҳһӰڳ鴤֮޶
ǻƸ֮У˵Ļƴʱһλ׳˶ԲɢһɵϣһǾþλǰţǻƼҵļ
ƴĿߣɫˮðüɻû֮Ǹ
Դˣ϶ǷʱΡƴίСӰߵףһҪ𰡣


041 
𣿡ɫһѵҪ˶֪һĶӾȻһﶼ硣
һƴɫһ䣬ղһֱֻŻø׸𣬿û뵽ݣǿȫǵķﰡԼˣǲﶼ磬´ȥԺôȥˣ
ûõĶһֻ֪ŮˣȻһˣ㲻öˣҶöˡȣӽͻ֮ȥһƼҶˡ
סƴɫ䣬ģɻǷˣһ֣һȥ
Ȼһˣ´ȥԺƼҽȡңΪǵЦ
ƴ˴ߣþò
ʱһȥΧҲеķŭɢͬʱҲ˼
ȻӱС֮һСͻƼһΪǵ֮һΪ˸Ե棬ͻϣС¸㲻ʲô
Ϊһ֮˼Զͨ˶ö࣬ƴȻɫҲ֮ߣǳķȻܣ͸Ź졣
ѵ˵ǷͲǷֻŪԻǵģаţҵĻҲ̫ˡ
뵽һ󷢲Ҫ֪Ǳ˷֮ʮ꣬ͬʱҲΪǵЦʹҵܴ
һ˵ʵ̫ҪԸʮ̫ͼ϶ҲԲС
ԺСBˡа
⡣
СѧоҶֱύoһЦ߹ȥ
ȻߵǰҪȥǷ񳹵֮ʱֻһͻȻӰһһͺȣȭϮ
໡
һͳһӰȭͷ֮һ
áύoɫһ䣬ϧκεķӦӰݺݵĺؿڣɳʮף˻δͣȣ³һѪ˵ɫҲһӱòҰףϢ١
ơƲˣӰһһƶύoȥ
С
ύoһͷŭҰޣ˫ۣһĽãȥ
á
ܵϴϢɫһ䣬ܹоһύoѾʹȫͲڵֵܹġ
ϧʱ̫죬ڸͣ
콹֮ʣһŭĽ߸ԱߴύoȻҶɱ֡
ύoһ㶣Ťͷȥÿǳ˫ۣһͷĸ㣬
Ž
һͺȣãһһĽãȥһûȥύoһΪ֪һ۷ֵȫһĳҲܲˡ
һֱύoȫһĴ򷨣ύoΪǶύo̫ˣԼñʲôأԲ컻ġ
Ҫܹһͱ뽫һջأʱΣȻҲͽˡ
һһܵύoɫ䣬ʱһջأӰԱһܿһ
ֻύoû뵽ǣǱܿǵһʹȴҲܲ
䡭
Ʒһύoϣԭ˲ύoٴ³һѪ
һ֣û׷ˣǵǰĸףôˣ
ڽϿύo˵˳ǣ㲻Ծ͸ύoû뵽ϻ쵰Ȼ˲ҪȻԸġ
ĸϹѾһˣ֣Ҫնɱ¶ˣԺ󶨻鷳
û뵽ǣԣȴҡҡͷɻ֮ʱȴŤͷԱߣ˳ɣȻˣαٶزأ
һЦ˳һŴ֮߳Цû뵽һ˳ǣȴһϷ
α˵ڣҲûˣ˵ɱҲûܰôһӵĵ
Ȼ㶼Һαٷϻأ˳ɹЦ漴Ťͷύoĳϣ֮ǰһֱ֣ȴܾ֪Ƿ񷴶ԣ
ύoû˵ɫȴǱĪ⣬˳ɵȻ֪һӦ֣ôԺΪ±ʹǾԼƽƽġ


042 ˳ɵľ
ύo˵˳Ҳ⣬ЦĳǣΪɵģȴϾģһҲû취ǿֽΥɱʱȥҲϧɱһϣҲҪά屣ˣڼ֮У֪ܵõ˵ӵأ
ԣύoɫһ䣬Ȼ˳һҲɱģϾûж֣ԼȴѾ֣˳˵Υ֮ˣҲ׷
һܣжԶܶԶǿ˳ˣض˵
СҡͷôĸԼҲҪĸһ𡣡
ɵӣĸ׵ʵ˻Ҫҵ˵ţύoھһ֮Ҳ˾
ã֡ύo˳ɣʱҲûа취ղű͵Ϯһ˲ᣬټϸղһƣϼˣڵʵƽʱһ붼Ӳύo֣ûеڶ·ߡ
Ҿ֪ĳϻӢľ˳ɵһЦԱóһϣŤͷǣЦǷģһὫĸһڵظĸӡ
Ҫǵ㻹񡣡ЦһȻһϢ
ɫ΢΢һ䣬˳ɿЦȻѾﵽ񣬲˵ʵǾ񣬽Ҳ뿪
˵ţ˳ͻȻһȣ֡
˲䣬˳ӰһһӣһƬãֱϮǣͬʱύoҲɣһӣֱָǡ
ߡһȣһӰ磬˶Գȥ
˳ɣǲûӲӰһܿĹ֮󣬶ύoȥ
ǵĴ򶷾ǳķḻʱԷȻ֣ύo˺ʵܷһ룬ǶԷ㡣
ܼʱύoôƾ˳ɸͲܰô
áǳύoɫ͵һ䣬ԼԼǵĶ֣ϽԱ߶ȥ
ݡãύoһŵύo亹ֱðҵֵϽ˳ɷȥ
һУǽ׷ᣬŵύo亹ֱðæ˳ȣϣҡ
һȻһŮ˶ס˳һû뵽ǣȻûȥύoӰһȥ
áɫ䣬תܣȻܳ˳ɱѵ
Сȥɡ˳ĿĽã˹ȥ
Сġ׷ύoһҲύo˳ɱ㼲ȥ
ܹ黹ԶˮȲ˽ۿ˳ɵѵͷѡ˳ɣҪи̣Ҫȫҳ
ҾûǸ˳Цһٴμӿ켸֡
ܵͷĽãһĨҪǾһȥɡ˵䣬Ѿȭͷ˳һȭȥ
໡
ӰһŷŭޱߵĺֱϮ˳ɵš
á˳ɫһ䣬ֵǣֻ˲䣬ȴûжܣǼӿȥ
Ҷܣӵһ붼룬һȭҲ˶ѣҪ˳һؿ조ȴϼ֮λ谭ֻҪ콫ɱˣҼ֮λͷĪ´֪ΪңҲô
˳ɵĻɫһӱòҰףǸǷһĲҽС
˭뵽˳Ϊܹ˴ľģҲϧҪ֪֮⣬һǡ
һ˳ɽɱˣɥӵĿܷŹʱ˵ܲӹǵ׷ɱ˵
ۿѵͷĽãѾ̵ͷƤһʹһǿҵϢͷϣõޱȵľ
һţҲֵˡ֪Լ޿ӣҲǺ˳ɵȭͷٶҲ͵
磬㡣˳ɵͷһ˲䣬Ѿ۵֮ʣͻȻС
ţȫһᣬϵͻȻʧ漴ͷͻȻðһ⡣

һͷֻͷһʹһɾȫһľͷ㣬˫һӱ˵¡
ֵǣ˺ðΣʶûʧͷϴľʹõΪ


043 ʧ
˳ɣҸƴˡǵͻȻԱعһͷȻѪֱԴģû
ûгɻ뾪ϲ
ܣСֻܰ㵲һ¡СԴУõһʵСղ˸磿
ȻСߴٵܣСֻܰ㵱һ£޸ˡ˵Сſǻ
첻ҵϽŴӵ°
춯ˣ˳ƴһϲܣжԶܶԶ
ĸסҪ˵ٴС磬ﲻĸףΪ׸
ĸһôԸ˳ˣôܶĸԼһ
磬ĸײµġСȰ˵ĸ˳ɵʵ࣬˳ɻҪǿһ㣬Ǹͷڱˣ෢ӳʵ֣ĸ׻ᴦ·磬Ҫɱĸףȴܡ
ĸΪչ㷴񣬵ʱΪ
һ˼ҲС˵Ǻĸױء£Զɱȥ
ãСҪܡ˳ɫ͵һ䣬ύoǣȥС
áύoӦһת׷ȥȻ뾡취նһ
磬ǻͷ׷ˡɱеͻȻС
Ҳûа취ѾٶˡгΣô˵ύoҲ֣ˣҲܹԸ˵ġ
ۿύoԽ׷ԽҴ˵Ѿһξ룬ͻȻһĨɫȻҾͳȫ㡣
Ӱһһɽʯʧ
ܣʧ׷ύoһĨɫ׷ߣҲؽɱ
ӰһύoҲɽʯ֮׷ȥȻ׷ȥһ㴫˹漴㿴ύoѪɳȥ
໡
һףͷǣȫŽۼ׵ɽʯ֮׷צӶŵصץ˹ȥ
áύoŵû⣬Ҳ˲ڵϼűܿһצٿԼղŵصĵطʱѱһצӸһ޴ӡ
ģǴðĹύoŭһδ˵꣬ٴλצ
Ȼֹύoһһ߷ˣһ߻еצȥ
ϡ
һ֮ʱύoצϵʱΪƬƬƬצӸûһ˿ı仯
ȱ仯׵ľύoʱԼǰĲ࣬ǽеİֵ֮ʧʲôˣתԶɱȥ
໡һύoһβֱӽύoɳף֮ύoѪֹΪ˻ύoʲô˲ãϵľʹ߶ǲսԶӶȥ
׷ȴ׷Զ㿴˳׷˹
áΪһתܣɲø˿⸱ģǣ϶ᱻɹ
׷˳ɿǱӴܵύoɫ͵һ䣬ʵô£Сأ
֪Ҳ֪ύoɫҰףһ־ҡͷ
ô£ôˣ˳ʵղһ޺ô£
һֻǳǿĹһжӲ¡ύo״ε˵ɽʯ֮󡣡
أҵأɨһۣûڿ죬д󼱡
Ҳ֪Ĳ֪ύoҡͷܵɽʯ֮ȥˣðһͷֲĹޣҾҲûп
ԣɫһӱòҰףҲٹ˳ˣӰһɽʯȥɵɽʯ֮ʱа޵ӰӣȻûİӰӡ
һȦȷ޹ޣҲû죬Ǽˣٴܵύoǰһӣֱָ˫ۣгɱص˵ҵأôˣ
֪Ҳ֪ûɱûɱύoϵҡͷıŲˣһ뵽ղǹޣ˫Ⱦһ
ٴһٳ֣ұɡύoţҲٹ˳ˣһ־Զɱȥ
ԭҪģǹҲֻǿһۣٴȥѰ졣


044 
Ϊ˱ǿԼģһܳͣ±ԭģ
գͱĸ׿ˡһѶͷ亹анҡ
Ϊ֮Ѻӵе˵һеԺ飬Ϊ֤ԼĴˣԶסԼǻˡ
ɶ˵ֱ仯̫أһǿΪ磬Ҳδܹܵˣڱ˵뷨Բںĸ׵Ŀȴǳ⣬ɲǽһ
磬ղǱ̫ˣͷһϣû˵㣬ĽˡС˷ܵض˵
ǵȻҲЩС⡰Ҫ֪ǿеļܣ˸ᣬֻǿϧҵʵ̫ܹʱ̡̫
磬ʲôСʵôղűǸ̫һ޴ĳ򣬿Էɵȥģûг򣬸ͷɲ
˭˵ûгͷɲġЦֻʵ̫Էɲҵʵǿ󣬾ûгҲԷ
ǲعͨССʵ
ɡ˵ǿƼЩܹȵģȴ˵̫࣬СһʱͲ塣
˵ţͻȻ뵽ղСԼһĻʵСղôҵ˳һġ˵ţһͷղȻСһǾ޴ȻͷƤƣѪ˲٣ڶеһʹ
Ұ״£ͷϡС˵ţͻȻһߺ޵صɺǻ쵰ѿϣҺòײŸһѿˡ
һ𾪵صȻܹײҵ¡˵ıֱ亹ҪСԷϮ֮ʱͻȻ׸ˣСö
ȻҿôҲźܴյġСϾҵˣҵĴڱΪǲΥ־ģղţȻΪܹײ壬־ԣҾͻʧܣпΪΥ˵Ըܵɣʱˣѣֱɢ
ûоͬ⣬˽ľٶҲܵƣøղ˵ҿűףȴҲֲƱʹñ׵ķܶ࣬ҪȻղǻ쵰Ҳܽ޸ѿ
ȻôΣա󾪣СðΣվԼһͬʱҲһСܹԼҲܵƵģԺ治̫ⱦϣ˭֪С첻뻻һˣΣʱ̽׸ѵء
ǵȻСΪ˾ȸð˺ܴΣաСԸһҪС޸ֻҪȫ޸ˣԺͲٱ
ģһհ޸챣֤ڿɲٵСǿɾΣˡ
ΪֺСǴӻýóٶС޸ף֮ʣС˵ڵһѺȷʵ֮ǰһ㣬Ȼһ㣬С֮ǰû˵עⲻ
Ϣһǵģվ׼ȥûһͻںԼһ
ףô£ŤͷĴһۣûзˡѵǲ˻þ
ɵȥ֮ʱǺٴδע⵽ȻǰֱӴʶ֮С
ǡüͷһ壬ʶ˳ȥһֱǧףȷȻԵ´ġ
磬޸׵ĿʯСͻȻ˷˵Ҹоˣվ״
ȷʵΪеǺҲԵ״ġ
ҵĸоǲġСǳ϶صҸоЩʯ٣õٿ޸֮һ
ôࡣһǾԲܷŹ
漴췸ˣףǵڵʲôʱԼڿʲô߶ûС
ʵò˶ñڵסС
ȻСܲ˼飬ȻٵأҲûа취Ҳֻˡ
ܿһۣȷûˣ֮һתһѱ仯Ϊһͷȫɢϵ
צŵһץʯмצȥһ޴ĿӶ
ҲһӾڳģοʱ仹ޣһֱΣڵס
䡭һݣصͻȻһص


045 
ڵˡһϲس࣬ɽ֮С
ɽһͷȻشصףȴʪܣһξпȭͷСҹ
ǰһ·СĵĽ䱸һֱףȴȻûеͷ
ﵽ˭ģɻ󣬵ֺڴѨͷʲôأ
ǰ˴Լףһ򳡴Сʯ֮Уʯһ֪ʲôɵľ޴̨ɢ⣬ʯҿޱȵĹ졣
ڼ̨֮ڷһȭͷСɢŻãӡ
һǿӣͫһȷǺǴ֮дġ
磬ʯöʯ̫ˣȻôʯǣֿ޸١Сϲ
ԣһʯϿʮֵʥװĲϣȭͷСһ飬ֵ𣬶һмС
Ȼǰʮףнĵļ̨ȫʯɵġ
ﵽǸʲôõģһ𾪵صȻôʯֱ̨ʿǾˡ
ȷʵˡСҲ޳ɵҪ֪ǰڻͷһȭͷСʯ񱦱һҪ˺üΣҡ
˵ţСһתܸоǼ̨ϵӱЩʯΪһɶõı
Ҳоˡ˵ͷܹôޱȵʯɼ̨ӣ붼֪Ӿһö
첢ûΪǰ˷ܵò֪ԵܹȥС߹ȥ塣
ɿǣһֱߵ̨ǰûκεΣա
ԽԽǺҲԽǿң̲סֽùʱһޱеĸо֮дѪһ㡣
ǡ쿴ãûŪʲôʱСȴ磬Ѫ
˵ͷҧָѪ䵽֮ϣʱ̫һ㣬һǿĹâõ۶
ǹãϣȴ綬յ̫һ㣬õȫůģ˵㶼
ʱͻȻãһȻһģ췴ӦʱѾܵĵ֮С
û뵽ǣӻԵޱȣһһ԰ײԭڵеս顣
սֵסֱӱײһߣɵǵУһڴˣս飬һСԱ߸վڡ
˱仯֮࣬ҲЩĪڼһ岢޴󰭺Ҳһ
ȻиշɣȴͻȻһصھתһȦʱõȫѪһڣҲ֮
ǡһͻƵװĸаɣ͵£˴ȶͻơ
һ±С죬ٴʱ˵ʶһһѳʵı
һڵı仯ϸһĨЦ⣺֮뵽ôʹﵽ˾̫֮˼ˡ
飬ȻǿŰԵޱȵӣڸղͻ֮ʱϢҲ֪飬첢֪ȼҲ֪Ψһ֪ıصԽʱʵȼԽҲԽ෴ȼԽߣҲԽ١
ڵʵȫ߷ʵﵽ񼶱𣬶ʱԴﵽһ㡣
ȱҪģԺ˳Ƕ֣Ҳȫ塣
ϲ硣ϢղСҲ֪ˣ֪ڵ˵ζʲô
Ҳû뵽ȻرٺЦоһ
磬õˣʯŪС˷ܵĴߴٵҲɣ׽Ǽ̨һţ漴㿴׹ãһ̨ʧ
磬С޸ȥˡСޱ˷ܵĴ죬쵱ͷȥɡһ£ֵСܸܲ㣬ԺҪʱҲ
û⡣СˬشӦ
´ϣ쿴һʯңûж·ߣһ·ϣЩõҹҲһһЩǮģȭͷСģֵǲơ
뿪ɽһƬڡ
áɫһ䣬ĸҲң϶ż˵ΪѾύoɱˡ
뵽Ļٳɣֱһ·ŸǷɱȥ


046 ɱãһ

ҹȴ෴ʱȴƻͨӣ˶ɫ࣬ѹֵ˴
ãȨĵطǼҲ÷ŵ̬µﳤǶ⵽⣬˾͸˵ˡ
ɴʱȴһ⣬ѪĿ¶ɭȻɱڳϺ𾴣ŭĿֱָ֮ϡ
ǵ䡢ɫҰףѪվǳŵ˫Ƿ񣬿˳ɺύo˸ǳ˱ɱ⡣
ԶһЩʮѪ֮УϣԱߣһȺһ־վ˲֪
ÿǶŵǰϺ峤ǳ֮ɢɱ⣬õĶڷȴÿΪ˳ύoˡ
ʱԭ˵ύoϲ֪ʱֶ˺ۣҲ޷վȣһ̲һϡ
˳ɣʱҲż˺ۣɫһƬҰףǿǵĿ˿־壬񿴼ħһ㡣
ԭʧ֮Χ˼ȦûзİӰӣΪύoɱ죬ʬŭ֮£ύoһ·׷ɱ
ύoˣֵסǣϼˣͱնڽ£Һ˳ɼʱȣӵһ
ԭ˳ɻǵʵǸܰôȴû뵽Ϊʹʧӣ˷һ㣬ȫҪ˳ɸмܲס
ûصңϱ˺üˣۿǲɱƲݣ˳ʵûа취ֻܵöܣϾȨĵطǼҲҷ
ȴû뵽ŭеǿɲЩŽͳã˳ʵûа취ֻԳϵֵЩʵǺǿֵסǵĹ
ڵ֪챻˳˺֮ҲŽ˹ҪΪ챨ǺЩ͵ùƬ̣ʮ˱˸ڵأͲǰˡ
ҺõõϢ峤ͨԶ˼ʱϵǣ˳˴ʱѱǸնɱڽ¡
ˣϢŭѾȥϣһеȴϵ˵𣿡ϺȰɫȴǳѿ˷ŭ𾪡
ŭŭ֮⣬ύo˴ɱ죬Ͼ˿ǳϣȻ棬ɱ֮ӣֱǺţԴӵǰ꣬δ顣
ǵʵҪ֪Щ϶񼶸֣ǸǴﵽ񣬿ɾڸղţ峤֣ȻûǣҪ飬Ǵʱ¶ùҲʡ
ôû뵽ƽʱǲƳ̣ί˵һ仰ǣʵȻ֮ǿ
ѵܽңЦ˵һӣֱָϡٲÿ顣
ǰǺ˸ɫ࣬Ϊһ߸ϵĳϣʱ˶ԴֱǶ衣
գȴ˿ı֣Ҫ֪ʱɥ֮ʹ֮£ѱŭٴ̼ᷢʲô£ɲ
ˣûзүʬ壬ҸղĳҲ˵ˣȷʵûɱүܿүţֻûҵ峤ҲȰ˵ھɱҲ޲ȴˣһ취
ұϾҵĹأĳɱүҲðأԳִдǳ֣ͬΥء
أһĨЦǻ֪мأ֮ǰ˳Ϊ֮λٰѹĸӣΪû˵أǧǲ֪Щ飿
峤Ϻɫһ죬һ˳ЩΪǵȻֻ֪ΪһķԺ֮ؽ˳һԴҲû˵
ǵʧְ˼¡ҪٴȰ˵»Ϣŭһеȴ˵
ЩôίھûˣȻһʧְ£Ҳ̫˰ɡЦһ͵һȡɱ
һһƬĽãŵύoǰϱ˹ȥ
áɫһ䣬ܿһ뵽ύo˳ˣֻӲͷƤӽȥ
ɱǸճȥҲͬʱһȣһȻĽϳ˹ȥ
¡峤ۼ죬һǰ˴ʱѺۣܣǰ塣


047 ɱóϣ
ˡ峤һŭȣ˫綾Ű̽һѾͽ˵ץסԱһ˦ͽ˸˦ȥ
峤û뵽ǣѸٷĨһǵѪһۣ϶¶Цݣ漴һȣɱ
ͬʱٴλŽ峤ϳ˹ȥ
ģѵɡ峤λ֮Ϊƣʱ˺Σˣ˵ˣˣһݡ
Ҫ췴϶˿飬峤ȴ˸Ҫ췴ȫΪ챻ύoɱҪΪ
峤Ӱһԣһץס֣Աһӣֱӽӳã漴ԣһץסҲӳá
һû˿ĳɣٴػ˹峤żǣһԣһ˸ֵסǲҪĴ򷨣ƵĴȥæ
ߣ˾ƤҩĽסֲ
峤кֱܿ࣬ɣٲǿɾû취ˡ
ϡһ֮ϱһֱ˵˳ɵԡ
ҶһŭȣãһųĽãŭ¡
ã㡣ɫһףҲ˳ɣϽԱȥ˳ҲоԱ߶ȥ

ãһ£ֱӽ˳ɸղӸһмĽãذ嶼һĽۡ
ɡ
һգӰһתԱߵύoֻӽ˹ȥ
ãס
һǣԱߵ˳ɣͲύoˣΪˣֻʣ°Լܡ
ܵĽãԽԽύoɫֻ÷һʵŭ𡰲
ݡãһѵύoͷʱһӰͻȻֻ֣һ֣ϵһǵѱ¡
ϡͻȻֵӰһ
ûˣϿǣĮصȻǷˣҲҰĵط
˵䣬ϵһһɾֱϮǣõһģԵڵϡ
ҰҰǾӰĴЦЦĿȻɱҶӣȻ˵ҰһĴϣһ˼ҲǵĶ֣ҾͲźɻӶӱɱ
˵ţתȥ
ȵȡӰһǰ˲֪ɴȴǷǳȻһķУǷǳҪġ
֪ԼˣǵñŭɣʱҸ˿ɵҪ֪չ֮ʱһʯȥ
ҪôЦſϡʲôֶֻʹŮˣҲһüһڵ¹¶ȥȥ
ˣҲûдĴ㣬ֻŪϺɫȰ˵ʵʱҲŭѣȴٴ̼ǣ˭֪ʲô
ڽɱˣǸǲܣΪǿԸң˷˺ôŽѾ£ٳʲô£ʱչسǵ÷첻ɡ
˴һۣû˵ʲôֻɫĮվ
鵽ô£Ͽ˳ύoˣĿ˸һĨ⡣
ԣ˶΢΢ͷҶ˵һ䣬ˣƱ綼ܡ
˲˵Ѿ϶µ϶ΪˣĿһתֿϺ峤ϣʵǲ˵˵
˶һۣϳ£ŵ¾ϸҲ̫֮ǰͻȻеһսң˵ϡĳϴˡ
Ǹʱ׷ŶϺĳϳãһ鲻ϽˣȫһҪĴ򷨣˵ɱҪǳҺ峤ϼʱϵŽ¡
ֿ峤ϣ峤ϵͷ
ǲɱŤͷϺĳϣĿоŭ⣬ȻʱҲŭ
ûУûɱĳϼæڱʱ׷ǸС죬㵽һɽʯ֮󣬿ɵ׷ȥʱȴðһͷޣǹʵǳĿֲҵĽϣ˲ˡ


048 ؼ
ĳϽʱ˵һ飬Ҳûз˵˰죬Ҷ޷ȷ쵽ǲǱĳϸɱˡ
Ϊʱֻһ˿˵Ĺ˳ɶûпҲȷĴڡ
Ȼ޷ȷǾ޷ȷĳǷɱɫصҪĻҵ˵һҵá
ĳϺͶϣĳɱɣҾʱڳãûҵ뿪Ȼɱ֮ģϾûж֣ҼҲҪʱȻ壬ҵд
˵ţϿǣʵ֪˾ϷôУ
û˵ؿύoˣڴϵĴȻͬ⣬һ֪ڏ̻ˡ
棬ɱ˱شֻҪ֣ǷɱΥ棬ڴϾȻûҵΪڣֻǽĳϹѺ˳ɸʲôûС
ѵ˶ҵĴ⣿ɫܲÿʱҲΪѣһλϣһˣȲ˵ǱʵκһϣҪ±չصɵ֪ǲ鷳
Ȼû˵΢΢Ǻ˸ʱһ֮
ȻǴʱѾƲסˡ
ǵľٶȻҲУ˳ύo˵¶ֻı飬ԭǻǣڴλҵһֵˣҲõģֻҪǸҳ֣ùľ
Ϻ峤¶ɫô˵ǶϺĳϲԣΪ˱ˣΥĴҲˣҪǳ֣ԼͽܲˣҴ´ȥǳϻҲǴ
ÿΪ֮ʱͻȻһ֮
ô¡ɫһʵ
£һӰ⼱ٴϵ˿ӰʱϵıΪ֮һɣоһʯһ㡣
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żȥıӰޱ飬ҲûֹûµȻã򲻹ô˵á
Ϻ峤BЦѣ˳ɺύoһĿԹ
ǸôǱȴû뵽ȴǹһ
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ȥ·ϣͻȻʵôӹӳģ
ޣһãؿǲ֪ԡʲôޣ
ύo˵׷ȥ˹ޣǹ޷ǳǿĽǽŵصȻûǹޣ￴˲پ޴צӡύoӦû˵ٻʱһΪ㱻ǹ޸ˡ
Ҳ֪ʲôްװһãʱǿɽʯ֮󣬽չȥͲ֪ʲôصشһ£˾˹ȥʱ͵һɽУҲˣ㵣ģͼæ˻
һ£ʵĸףǼûΪɣ
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˳ɿǾ񣬾Ȼ㱻ĸɱˣһ𾪵ؿǡĸףѵѾͻƵˣ
ôͻƵģܶһӶһĹȴֻǵؼףͻƲסҡҡͷЦ˳֮ԲҵĶ֣һΪύo֮ǰ˲ᣬֻܷһʵڶøл㣬ҪҵǸҵʵҲܽôࡣ


049 ĸ
Ȼǻ˵Ǹʲôô˵ȴЩζҪ֪ýлŲмʯ߼ʯҲУȴΪ±¶ݣԲó
ǵĻҲ˼֮û£Ϊʵ˳ǿʵ˳ʱ˵Ľ¡
⣬ǴȨĳãȫǴҹģ³Ҳܵ
뿪֮ʱʲôû˵
֮ԻףȫΪǵʵǿҪּ֪壬ÿһǼҪ֧οǵʵǾ񣬶ᣬԺͻȻкܴĿܣԴǲûд
˵ףһжʵ
Ҫڼв۸ͱҪǿʵ
ԼֻǸ𲽣ʱڲܴﵽ˳ĸ߶ȣȴͬ۷壬ͻƵ˭۸
ͻƣڱ˵Ҳѣǣ˵ͻƵһǶѣΪǸûиõԴ
ߣԼ츳Ŭ֮⣬໹ҪԴҲΪʲôЩ˳һʵΪŷḻԴ츳ã㹻ʯŸֵҩǹҲܹһ
ȻҪԴÿһǳ󣬲һܹõģ˵ȻǱΪ֮һʤ۹ȴʲôǣ½Ǿ͸˵ϡ
ԣҵԴޣ޵ֻһ
ȴͬýԴ˸ʯ֮⣬ǹսв٣켶⻹вܹʵĵҩ
ֻҪЩóһǣͻƵ
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صСԺ໥˽˶Է췢飬һ죬ҲˣȥϢ
ҵˣǽıַǳ⣬˲ûΪɱ뿪Σոһã±峤λˣǶûˡ
ǵıֵõϿɣӽúǣǳΪԼұۡ
ˡ˵ͷԻýóʯݸˡȥú콫ʵֻʵǿˣܰ¡
ӹʯܵǾ𾪵ð춼ûعΪߣô֪ܲʯζʲô
ү̫ˡȻǲᣬȴǽʯ˻조ôĶܹʹõģүŰɣǣүʵ϶ͻͽ
Ǿšɫ࣬һƲݷصǵĴھԲܸκˣǵļԼˣؽԼҴ
ԣ˳һ£ŽʯصķŽСлү
ͷϵ˶ᣬȥϢɣ첻úðãһȥ˵ġ
ǡ˴Ӧתȥ
ص䣬ڴϣ뵽˳ύo˶Լ׷ɱһӱȫɱǡ쵰ŰɣұȡǵĹͷ
ڶգڳԷ֮ʱͬ˵£ɫףȻ췢齫Сŵòᡣ
ҴϵıԿﲻǵæڹڻϾûһͨŮ
ͻȻǲӦͬҲأ
Ȼ첢Ϊ֣ԼæһԱ֮ɣڼ˴ɱɱ֮󣬵Ҳ
Թ緹ǽ֮ʣҲĵظ˽ȥ
ӣ£һ΢ЦؿŸ졣
е£ղͬڣ˵ЦҸĸ˵֮ʱͳͬһɽ֮С
šǵ˵ͷ졣
û˵ʵǸɽ֮һãҵһЩ˵ţʹӻóһһƿݸǡ
ʲôǺ֮½ӹһϵı鵱סˣǾȻһ켶н׵ͨƿװżöޱȵĵҩ


050 ϵ
ð죬Żعһ±ǽ£ܳ俴Ƿˣڿû֮ʣֻŹһؿӣЩ˭֪
ֻĸһˡ
ĻشһϵıȴøΪࡰû֪ͺãҪסмǲκ֪ؽ֮
֪ͷ½ΪĶ˵ﵽ켶ǵؼһҲܲһǿ
ο⻹켶н׹˭õôһֻҪʱ䣬һ
ȱһ֪֪ж˻ᣬ˵ʤ۹Ļ嶼Ķ
ƿҩڻýҵͼһƿҩҲƷҩҪ֪½ҩӵ߷ΪһʮƷͼһƷҩһҲܵͨܳһʱ䡣
ֻϧҩʦ̫ϡ٣ÿһҩޱȡ
ʤ˵˿ڳһڣҩʦȴһǧд󲿷ݶֻͼĵҩܹƷҩûһˡ
ҩҲͿԳԵģƷʵ߲ſԷãûЧǱҩӴű
֮⣬õҩҲԺӰ죬ʹƿȫ޷
ԣҩֻЩ츳һ߲Żʵƿ
ȻҩʹŲٵĸã̶ȻСBƷߵĵҩܶΪ˵õһöϧƴ
ϵƿƷҩǸ߼ҩһöһ֪ʤ߶
콫óǽЩҩͻƵƷҩ˵ͻʣҽͻƿĸá
ĸףЩҩɣǾ񣬽ЩҩܿͻƵԺҲû˸۸ǡϿҵصҲʺĸףĸԺʵٽ
һ£ǵͷðɣЩҲòϣϱ˷ַ㲻ĸ׾Ȱ
ĸҪñǣֻҪʵЩԺ󻹿ҡҡҡͷ
ͻƵֻҪһҩԣö˷кЦĿԺҲãԺ㸸Ҳá
ᵽףеŭӿȻ֪һֱչԭģһ㶼Լ޶ʹ޶̫ʧְһøжûС
㸸׵Ҳûа취Ƿŭ֮ɫһǵȰ˵
ס˵ͷνĸףһתĸɣҲҪȥҵİȭˡ
Ҫǣһǲ㶪СһжΪ˳ǣڳ˳ٷҲ
ȭ̫Ҹ޷ڼҲΪΣȭὫһӣǾ޴ʹ÷Բǧ׶ضɽҡڼ˲ԣòһ죬ҵЩݱᱻ
ĸȥǳ
ĸײõģûµġҡͷԹֻ˳ύoˣύoˣûһȫڳҾͲ˽Գ
˳ɣҲ˲ᣬȻûύoأҲҪʮ²ָܻ֮ǰľٶ֪ôҲù˼һ㣬ʱǲԳֻ֣Ҫ֣ȻͲ¡
̫ˡ̾ϢύoȻڳãƶĴʵǴ϶ıҪ֪˵ΪҪģȴǹ
ˣʵһ붼ӲҪɱ׾٣ҲǵôԽ˳ãϾǼΪҪĵط֮ǰΪ㲻ˣԴ˽ȥ³򣬴ǲŲƽϡ
ʵôҲҷŹύoǣϾҴðҲңҲȥύoˡ
ٴȥǿ϶ôɷ뿪ԽύoڳãǶһֱֻҪϵãʱɱûôˡ
⡭ԣŭܣȻһֱôЩƫ̻ύoˣύoǿܡ
û뵽лô⡣


051 ̽
ϻ쵰ŭȵһһڡ
ҲִϡǸϽȰ˵ôҲΪ忼ǣҪ֪ύo˿֣ǼܹҲ̣ؽ䴦˵Ҳһʧ
ο˳ɻƹô꣬˲٣һҺֱܻܿʱٵĽ塣
˼ǿеŭ⣬ȻҲ֪˵мֵԷҪɱԼھôŹǣȻ޷ͻ
Ҷ˵ں̶ܴ첢ͬ׻˵޹زɷԲеʵͿڼ֮кΪ彫³
˵׻ʵáʵǿĻҶ
ĸ׺ܸˡǵͷⱾһǿΪ磬ʵһУĸ֪к˳ˣڵʵǲǶԸǵģһ죬ʵϣˣɱû˸㡣
ףһŬݺݵصͷ漴һתǵĸףΪʲôͬûأ
ѵͬҲЦ졣
ǵġ˳ǵԽԽǿ˭Ҳ֪ǻʲôΪһҽעڲϵжȹΪ֮ˣҲɱĳЩ֮С
ͬΪ׽֮ˣȴûһʵԺ󽫳Ϊǵһ㣬˭ץסвǣǸô죿ѵ˵ô
ԣüҲͬȻŮЩһ𣬸ǳǶԼŮ
ʲô£ǲǾԲܵġ
ҺˡͬҲ󣬶ⲿֻҪʲ̫Ӧⲻ󡣡
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Сһ㡣ԭǴһȥģ뵽ύoڶˣҲȥϮ죬Ҳʱˣõĵҩ߼ͻƵֻҪǼĵ֣λЩϻߣʱǴҲò뷨
ĸ׷ģҲµġͷתȥ
Ƽҡ
һҴܵǰ̽ҷү뿪ңȥ
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Ҳ֣˵ύoǶ֪ҵʵӦòֻһʦҲǡҲɻѣڸʦȴ⣬һͣ٣ǰߡ
һŴһȫװ꿴ǰУҪϣͻȻ֮䣬ٶһӱ࣬ҳɣϽϣȴѾʧ
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á嵽·ĺװɫһ䣬æԱ߶ȥõǵƷһݺݵĺڵ棬һӡ
վȣӰһѵװԣһȭȥ
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䡭װûзӦӰĶ֮̽ϣõĶ̽ΪƬƬƬţӰǰ壬ݺݵĺ֮ϡ

һҽУװһű߷ɵʯӣѪɳȥһֱɳףźȻء
Ӱһ컯ΪһӰװǰؿ˵ɣ˭ģ
װ죬ѪȪˮһ˵һ֣Ŀ£鴤˼£Ϣ
װ궼ףΪʲôʵ֮ǿǿ
ôˣһؿźװ꣬ʼΪװģɵһȷԷˡ
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ʧˡεЦЦ漴Щڵصϧ֪˭ġ
˳ύoһĻ˰С˵
ӦòģҡҡͷύoǶ֪ҵʵҪɱң϶ֻһʦ˶Ǳģһһ֪ʵġ
ǻ˭Сɻύoгͻ֮⣬Ҳû˭жԹ˭ɱأ
Ҳ֪һˮʯġҲףֲ˺װϣûκ֤ݵĶֻε뿪
졣
һͺһԾ֮ǰȥǿӿս˲ȭͷ֮ǰγһϵͷͷһ𳤳ӰһϵҲһݡ
һݺݵĺڵ档
䡭
һԲﶼΪ֮һʯмضΪ֮һ
ð죬Żظƽ
֮һ׵Ĵӡ
Ҳ̫ǿ˰ɡĿɿڴؿǰӣһ𾪡
ȷʵǿСҲ𾪵صһԲȫһ磬ƾһУԺҲ¡
ܵǿտҲսЦһȻ޴󣬵ĵսҲǳĿֲڵʵһʹ㽫һս
⵹ҲǡС˵ţһת㻹飬ʱʵ֮ʹãû̫⣬ʵҲϡ
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˵ţ̧ͷһ죺ʱѾ磬ĸڼҶȼˣڷҲɣûȥˡ
յң룬ȷʵȼˣſƽһ
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֮ǰ˵ʵǿôţϾһֱռϢ֤ȷʵһ
Ʒ뷨ɳһʦһɱģҲ
ǵҲôˣ˭᲻ȥɱһʦο˻Ǳȥ̽ģδҲ̫ɺˡ
ȻµŹϵһʦԲܹɱģϾܹһһţҲʮﵽʦ
ΨһԽ͵иֱ죬Ҿôټ컹һǼ֮ӣҲ񱣻
ֻֽͣһǷĸڰбǵʵͲףôȥһֱûб¶ʵҪɱһʦȫпܡǶİ֪ģǱҲ˵ùȥ
ڶķֻ֮һԻ˵ĻӣʵһţҲŻɳϼĸְб
뵽ɫԽֿܣƼ˵Ǻ£ڱ죬ֶһ֣Ҫҵĸ߲ڱ죬츳һ㣬һɳƼҸǲ
ô꣬˲ʵüɳȥˣ˵챻˶֪
»ܼһ²УôҲ̡˵ţվȥ


052 ֮
һڼ죬оЩƣ㵽תת˳һеķɡ
һ·ϣְͬһЩΣûôԼ
ת۰ȥԭƵҲˬ࣬ۿҪԷĵ㣬תȥ
ףҲԶһֵ֮ϣԶ㿴Χˣ֮£ȥһԭһȺҵһȺ£촦һֵ˳ͻ
ʱһףԷȴԻԲϣõǷŭѣȻ˫ȭÿ죬˭ҳ֡
ҡҡͷЩͻȻʶ·Ǹȴʾǵݣһܼҵӵܡ
ܡͬһǣΪ˸Ե棬໥֮ݣӳֳͻе顣
Դˣ첢ܣתȥǣû̫ĺøУǶһģûҪ֮ͷ
ȻתһۼܼĿһӱ㶢ϡӴǲүôһΪΪȺͷأôһԾߣ
һڳ˵Ŀⶼת졣
ȻǴү
˵үһȻͬ죬һ۾ߣȻǵʵܲмֵȤûС
ѵüүĸ֣ǵĸֵǣôҲҪүĸָһǡ
Զԣָһ
һȺƼЦˣѸٹΧ
˵ȻҲҵүǱϾֻǳϵӣ㲻˳۸ȻҲԴңû۸ҵĴ󣬱Ͼүһһү˵ûһѹ
ŻƼΧȥһĨϲɫϱȥϴ죬ύoҲˣһֱڻ
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һ뵽ϴ׾ٵľͽԼˣҲĶ֣ĽЩܼӵܴܣЩ˿кܴһݶת죬Щµ˵Ƿǳġ
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ѵǵġ

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ţǰܼӵܱһǳ⣬ȫһ£һǰҲ۸ٴΣÿζŮһͻȻôǿƣǻûзӦ
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үСģܼ࣬־յСӣʵǰ֮һЩһֱû˵Сѵ峤ϵӡ
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ΪС뿪ңʮҲǻһΣܻҶ֪ܵĴڣң˼λϺͼٵִ֪⣬Ҳ֪
ڣǵ֮УһУġ
⣬۱´һ꣬ǣ¾ȻǴѪɫһƬҰף֮ϻһӡ
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ǣû뵽ȻͻƵʿѡ
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һŤͷ죬ҵȫŤͷϽóһ
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˵ŭ˫۾Ҫȴһѽץסǳ㶪˻ûô
硭ίû뵽ԼİֲûаԼǳԼһжΪ죬жĺ޾͸Ũˡ
û˫ۣǿ죬Ȼܺܲô˵Ҳҵܵܣˣͷıð
˵ţһ֣ܼ˺һȫ˿Ҳаɣʶһʮүżʵ
УҾС쵭ĮЦЦڴʱԴһʿǧСġ
˵ͷ˿ûзϣǰ˫ȭ΢΢תʼϢ
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䡭ֻһ˲䣬˫㽻ȭ˲ǣȫ֮£֮Ȼû˿·硣
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Ҫ֪ǵһֱһ֮ǰֺܹڹ㳡˺ü죬ɺܶ˶ûۿֻΪҥԣϾķ֮ǵУһԱܻġ
϶ˣ˵֮ǰүѾܹү䳡˼춼·硣
˵үλʿս·磬Ϳ϶ʿ
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˵ۣɫˮĮĿ֮ɨõúܶ˰вãϽ졣
µ֮ס죬ܼȴһ㶼ûͣ£һ۷׷ףܶ˶ɣ⻹ҵǸүôôʵǿ߻ǿ˶ǷһȫǷ
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Ǹҧгݣ޲óȥץһ٣ȴûǸʵ
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һĨЦ첻Ҳ̧Էȥ
䡱
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ȻǺСһ࣬ȴ֪ԼѾ·磬ǵЦı鿴ͺ˵㲻ҵĶ֡
ŭǽյȭͷ֮ͻȻðһϢžɽ
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ǾŭħޣһŭԵһԾǵѪûĨȭͷҪȥ
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ǵĵŭеǶʱͣ£˫ۣŸ߸꣬Ƴʲô
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ƳƼҴϻӣǰһʿӦ߲ƣɵСһ㡣
˵ͷûж˵ʲôֻĮؿƳʱƳҲĿǵתƵϣЦû뵽˶ûеķȻһǿߣҵ湻ģô꣬ǾȻûз֡
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ĸף˵˵ϵܰɣɻʵΪʲô֮£л
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ԣ˶ɫһ˭δؿ֪
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ұˮݣ󱲲ԺҲΪҵĴ󻼣ɱǣ֮⣬뷨Ҳ뷨
ʵڲУôıչأʵӦÿѹ˰ɡаš
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ҲǼҩĵѲһûзּٻǼҩĵһֱܺãδ˵ۼٻ
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ƼҴŭɴǰ𣬶еִҲ±ϣ˫ִһܣƼٴγ˿˺üˣҲ֪Ƽô£ڸղţܼһɱ˹
ʱ˴Ϻĳ֮⣬λ϶˸˹ȥ
λϳ棬Ӧò¡˼һ£֪Ҷҵıʼˣҽڣǲ˶ĿѣΪ۹ȷ涨֮˭ԴΪκһ鷳
Ҳζţս֮˾ͰˣҲҵڣʱ彫۹㱨Ǿͻд鷳
˽ڣһˡ
˼һ£˰֣ȥɣûʲô˵ġ
үҿơڵӣºЭ伱һ֮Ӧңܡ
ӦԲôǵʵʲôųȥ˶һģôҡҡͷȥɣȻôңͺúŬʵֻʵǿˣΪ顣
Сҳ󣬶ҵĹкǿ֮ǰ⵽˳ɵȺȻռźصĵλ
ȴͬң˵жٺøУҪΪǣ뿪ˣ֮ǰμ֮սҲΪǿ˿ڡ
ԣֶԸңҲûһ㵣ġ
ɫһ˵òһʿѣֳͻи˶á
ȥˡһ˳ȥ
Ӱȫʧһֱû˵ǿ죬ʵ㻹Ϊ֮ǰ
˵ǲܵġҲûʵ˵֮ǰ˳ǣ֮жûվ˵һ䣬˳ҪɱңҲǣ˭ֲĴ
üһ壬ǳ˵ò˭鶼ҪסڲôչԼ˵飬ǻơȴˣԼ֮ǰʲôԹʱӦ÷£ͬԸˡ
⡭£Ȼںңȴǵģͷĸ˵öԣ뷨ԡ
ͺáοص˵ͷ
ô죿ҪҪȥʵ
һ˼ĳˣΪ֣ƼܼҶ⿿ǿӦˣȥ
ĸһȥ˵űվ
ԭǵڳͻܵ˺ȥһ뵽֮ǰȻĳ϶ˣҲּͨսԼĸ飬ҲʹӦ
˸ߵſڣÿˣһģҵļǶȥǶаæ
֪ǵ뷨쵱һ
ڰǰᵽǵģȻʱȥȻƼҺܼǱıٹ̣ȻұΪʵ˵ҵʵ
һơһֱųңδֹͣǵĴѹΪ˱ʵҲһֱã֮УΪ͵һ
ȻãΪ߳ԳǶУһǶг£˵֮֡
ǶлԶɱ
ɫһ䣬гǵصλ߲ƣСһ㣬ĸȹȥæ
ڶƣӰһΪһӰǰȥ
ߡһͺȣ˷ɱǶȥ


054 ɱķһ
Ƭ̣ſڣһƬ裬ߺ˵ĵڵϰϣЩѾûϢ֮ˣҲлơ֮ˣ֮ҪһЩ
ǰĲҾĶڲǵһΣȻ˵֮ǰɱˣҲɱһˣȫ޷ǰѪ֮ؿɱȡ
˵Ǿƭ˵ģٴʱһƬҰףתߵĳ嶯
һĸɱǹɿ־жʱֻһͷȥĸףգҲҪĸװȫ
˾˵ˣ˸塣һȣӰһҲգͳ˽ȥ
ɱ
Ҳ˫ۣҰް˽
ȥ
һһƼҷε߱һƻȥ߸û뵽˳ƷţѪ׷ɳȥڵϳ鴤˼£Ϣ
һƻһˣû֣ͣƶŻ֮˲ȥ
顭
ϴÿһһ߱ɣŭ֮£Щɵ˾ˣ˲ʧȥս
֮Ƿޱȣһȥ㲻Ҫ֮ȥƬ̣кüǵĽ£Ҳˡ
ʱȴȫȻ˲ϵƣǰһµˣ˫ԽԽ죬ȫԽԽأҲԽԽȫİΣûκεĶֻвŶԷӳ
סǡƼһȫһ㵭ΰһ
ɱ
ʮ߻ųɱΧ
һֻаˣ˾Щ֮ˣֻˣ͵ֵס֮˵Χ
Ƭ̣˵ڶԷĽ£Һ췴Ӧ죬ű˵Ҳ׵ʧȥս
ݡһһҺ켰ʱͷһƫʱԴѳ롣
նһţǰٴΧ߸һͬʱӽϮ
֮ͬʱֵߵϮֻüٺˣԷͲ׷ᣬһֱ˳ʮף˵ǽ֮£õ޿ˣô֮ԷҲεİΧ
ԭ죬֮˶Ϊ֮һ㶣ղ˺üˣû뵽Ǵɱķ֮˾Ȼķ
ôﶼ硣˫۳죬Ŀһħ
߶飬Ϣ͵ıǣһֱǵʦͣ
ҷңȥɡһȣһһƼ֮ˣǻƼ֮зûˣӽȥ
ĳٶȶ磬˭û˿Ķ
䡭һȻ죬ԭΪ㲻ҲˣϾղűֳʵֻо֮λƼ֮˻ŲСࡣ
ɽȴϣ첻ûûˣֻƼ֮ȴһƻˡ
ȥɡûٹ˵ĻƼ֮ˣӰһתһܼһȭϮȥ
˻Ƽߵǰܼ߲Ҵ⣬Ҳ£߶ȫսע֮Уȥ
뷨ȭԵֵס
ȭͷһξ룬ȭͷ֮ͻȻһͳţһӰȭͷ֮һݺݵĺ֮ϣƬǺݺݵĺ֮ϡ
䡭ֻһȻը죬ܼ߶ʱΪѪ⣬
ȽõλɫȻһ䣬ܼ߿ʦǼʵǿģȻһȭû£ǻε졣
ӰһתѪĿ⿴ˣĿ⿴֮߶ȫһҺˡ
ɱ
һȣ˶û߱һ־תӡ
ȻǷﶼ硣쿴˵ıӰŵĴЦ

һĲҽͻȻЦȻֹŤͷȥһһѵڵˣϵس鴤Ƭ̣Ϣ
Ļ쵰ȥŭ˫һŵ棬ȭͷŵͳ֮
Χɱ˵߷Ӧһ߱Ӱ䱬Ե߱ˣûһɱһˡ
ãܡһʣµļϾǿֻţҲˣתܡ
ղɱ˵ǿǿģ֪ԼʵȲϸղЩˣѵɱ
һȥٽЩ˵伸
үǲߡȻȫˣѪȴȻɱȻ


055 ɱķ
Ťͷ䣬Ŀ絶ĸζڲͷ亹ֱðȻû˵ʵܲĿ⣬ֻôӦҡͻȥ
ż໥ȥջĿ⣬ǣֻǴʱ˲ᣬʵƽʱһ붼Ӳ
һȺΧĻƼ뿪ôҪ֪ҵĵ̣֮ǰжǲ˻ȥȱû뵽ȴǹһ
ҹȻĻţȻΪʮ꣬ȻҷôĻ㣬ҾʮĻ׷ѡƼҲٹһܼΧǣӰһϮȥ
úáƼһĨѪЦ߶飬ʵһӴﵽ񣬶ŻƼȭȥ
졣
һͺȣսӿһ޴ͷǰŰսγɵĲӰһ춼һݡ
áճĻƼɫһ䣬ܣϧٶ̫죬鼱֮£ֻô߶ȫսһȥ
䡭
ݺݵͷϣȴֻ䵭һ㣬Ҳھ޴ĳ֮£ΪƬ
ǰ壬ݺݵĺڻƼϡ
䡭һȻ죬ƼŵĻս˲䱻ƣ˾ߵķݣѪɳȥڵϣ˺ü£û
һ˻ƼڵϣŴɫҲòҰףղһȻûƼˣͬҲȫսɣõվûˡ
Զڴսǿֽȫ𾪵˵ǣҲһ𾪡
ðΣƼһŷŭģôⲻҵķүôôʵ֮ǿ
û˻شҲûܹشóҵλҲ֪ôͻȻôǿ
Ȼ֮ǰ˹ύoչύo֮£͵ϮɣȴʵʵĶս
Ͻɱţǳñһܼҵİ׷ڷӦһȻĶ֮
ɱȥɱϧһдۡƼһӦҲ
Щ˵Ǹ֣ܶһӲŴﵽ̶ȣǰʮѾﵽһӵĸ߶ȣҪɳȥ˲񣬵ʱ־ͽǸˡ
츳ֱ̫ţʱҵĸףΪʲôԸȫλүǷҲԸⱩ¶ʵֻ츳̫ˣڱԲ
ȻҸֿڵı񵽵ģ֪֪ǻʲô뷨
ɱ
ʣµߵΧߣΧȥ
ãүɫһ䣬Ҳʣµߴ峤ϸȥϧȴһܼ
ɱɱɱ˫߾һȺҰһ챼ʱȫӶƲֻؿŻѸԼƽ
ˡһĿЦϴʹʱѾ֪ĵսǳֲΪǽǽսĵų壬ûг
ȴˣһ·ɱѾ˲ٵսĻôսʹ죬Ź֡
ҲҺ齫ʵʱ񣬷ʹһС
ү㡣ڻ߿Ҫ嵽ǰ֮ʣͻȻ֮ǰߵġ
ɱһ嵽ǰͬʱӽһܼȥܼ߸ղѾ˲ʱ䣬ĺܴ󣬶һЩˣͬʱܲһ̴š
һһܼߣûгɣٴųܻ߳ȥȻʮԵú΢˱Ͼ֮˸סˡ
ǰ浲ס׷ҲӺһʱ֮䣬ܻ߾Ȼٺܶ߸˽ӡ
ֻϧ˱Ͼ˲٣Ƭ̣ұռϷ磬ü߸Ҳ˲ᡣ
ۿ˾ҪסϽ嵽ǰԶҸִ󼱣˳֮⣬ϡ峤ԼǶƴǣȫ֮±ƵսĻƼֻ
ֻϧλҪԵңɳ֣ߣҲˣ˳ɿԷҪȥɱʱˮҸǱ


056 ɱ
ۿǾҪܼһƼֶսϵܼ񵱼׿ϣǳȥ
Ȼʵǿ󣬵һжȥȴǺѡ
ܻҿԼ˱ƽ죬Ҫɱ֮ʣ˵Ӱֳı
һΣգҲ˲ϵˣһ͵ǰ
ôˣ쿴ǰ伸Ҳǻȥ𣿡
үȥһѣڲ뿪˵䣬˹ȥ
û˵֪ʱ˵ٶ඼޼£ҪǾָʵֻҪԼʵָܰﵽǡ
ҽв𣬴ҲԽԽЩѾ۾ϣ˿ͺѾһ㡣
ľٶĶڵѪ
Ļ쵰ȥɡǳױŭˣһ߸һܼȥܼ񵱼ӽȴǲܲˣǰ壬ܼ񲻵һ֮ʱͻȻݱܶ¡
Ž
ã̫ܼͷ¡
ܼɫ䣬Ҫ֪ʱǣǲܲӽζĽǵϣͬʱǵĽҲϣʱܾˣͬʱ䡣
ӡܼŭһϽԱ߶
ݡãһ˸գǲܼٴӰһ⣬
סܼȻܡҵֶʱҲǸֲ
ԭ˳ҲˮϧĶֻһˣΪϵʵϵ˻ҪǿһЩҲҷˮ̫
ϾǶս춼˸˶Թ̫ԵķˮҲٰˡ
˵ôڶǶԼ˵£⣬ǾͱģǳǵĵߣҲмĵߣ˭Խ
ɡһ嵽ǰһӣһĽãʰԲμ
ۡ
и𣬽űȪѪһơұкüȥв˵ء
ɱһ߱һѹƣźˣЩѾɱ۵߾Ⱥһ㣬Żӽȥ
û°ɡǰŵʵ
ĸײصģû¡¶ŨЦݡ
ûôȻЩģڿȻѪûˣֻʱ˿
ǱǱ˵ܼ׷һ˹ȥ
Ҫȹءһӣܼȥ
ܼǿЦѣȻְ취ұˣϧ⣬ϷѾʮ꣬㹻һţ׬ӡ
ԣɫ˲òҰףɸû취ֹֻܼö켱㡣
ûжûһ㣬ֻɵɵؿǳܼһֱܼѵͷ֮ʣȻûж
ȥɡܼЦĿ֮£ٶȱø켸֣˲ͷ幫֡
ǷһֵĽ˴ʱ˶ΪѾӵùˡ
Զ˳б˷ܵĹâѾĻԳ֣ûнɱȴʱܼȴԸӴұˡ
Ȼ˳ϵϲɫܿסˡ
˶Ϊ֮ʣͻȻͷͻȻðһ⣬ͬʱȫһǿϢȭͷϵ֮
໡
һ죬һӰȭͷ֮ϼգ۱㵽ܼǰ
䡭ܼݺݵͷ֮ϣȴһ֮󣬾ڽ֮ϣҲ޷ȥǽϡ
ͬʱȭͷӰҲݺݵĺܼϣΪΪͷû㶣űһʹս˲䱻ƣǾ֮£߷ɵ򣬵ɳȥ
ݡ
շɳһ֣ǵѺݺݵĴܼ֮̽УŽսһ˲佫ȫ顣
ʣµܼ񷢳һУȴֹʲô
һ֣ջָһսҲһȫĵվûһƨ˵ϡ


057 ŭܼ
ǰһɫؿ
û£ĸײصġЦҡҡͷ˫Уһ߼ʯղ֮ôʹսҰԭһֱø߼ʯָսټϴսյսŻָһ㡣
ģɱܼҳϣңǲݡһܼĿҰް
ѵֻ׼ɱ֮ˣͲ׼ɱܼ֮ˣ쿴׳һ㿴ܼ
ķҪɱ㡣ԣܼ񳹵׵ʧȥǣҪĶ峤ѸǰԷ͵ֵס
ҵɱɱġһĮ羪װһܻҵȫɫһ䣬λܼҲһͣеĹ
ߡܻһۣͬʱһͺȣתȥһܣҵЩͨҲͣȫѸӴܶȥ
һ´ΣҲղĮٴ𣬽ţһȫһɰ͸ΰĲӰͣǰ
ϡȫ
šϿһۣ˵ͷĿ䵽ϣ޵ıֺܲҵү
ƲƲ죬ΪȻֹеʵү֮ǰôû˵ү
һͺȣȻ٣ڳλ϶֣
˶ΪϻȴǣƵЦŰ˰ֵ֪ڹң֮顣
˵꣬Ҳ죬ŤͷһѪƲķУüͷһ壬úðȥˣ˵ĶȥϢǿҳôһ϶ưڸݡ
Ȼ֪ǲưڸݣΪʲôˣ̲סʵлŲղʧһЩʵģλ֮ǰ˵ĻƼǿ϶ܲȻôװ׵ķŹˡ
뿪ôҡҡͷЦΪڲôʵ͵ˣֻơҲڰУҲûг֣ҪǸղҳ֣ҵҲȻ֣ʱǲݡ
һԭҲڰУһ뵽ԼղŵľٶԷɱԼԼû
뵽󱳱㾪һ亹ڴϵ˵ȴôͬûˣпܺͽ⡣
ܼһ֣Ƽһˣ֮⣬ͨⳡи˽ʮˣжʮˣҵʵʧ١
ԭڸַ涼࣬񣬿һƼָܻܼȥȴԶٻһԺܼҽ֮б
ܼҿֽôȻǾԲܣΨһܹؾƵıܻҳֽһܱסǵĵλ
ƽʱҲƼҲӦϾơҲǾϵֻΪ˶Ը֡
һУչֵʵѾԶԶǣҶҲ֣ʵѾȫѹǣƼҾԲ뿴ѹͷϣһ뷨ѹҡ
һҳ־ͳɱȻʱҾͽҵȫ
뷨ͻǱȻǲûԷʵܳûٶɱԷһ֣ԺҲһЩ㲻ɱɱһЩͨߣҲ
Ƭ̣֮ǰɻȥȱѾ˸æԱУȥˡ
һĲҳ̶Զʮˣˣ⻹нʮˡ
ڳǣˣҶ˵òᣬҪ֪ܻҸ֣ûиϵ֮ǰǿһжҪǺϵ½ͲܻҳԿҵλϾ䡣
뵽Щ֮ˣЩȥ֮ˣʵҪԣжʵĿҲԽǿҡ
Ƹ֮У˿Ҹ߲ڰ˿֮ȫһͷ˵ء
ðΣһ׳˶ü۵ͻȻ̧ͷһŭؿƼΪʲô֮ǰû˵žʵҾǷ춼һսʵںǣ㲻˵ܼĲݡ
ܼҼ־գβûвμҵжϾǼ֮ˡ
û뵽ԭӦôȫʤһսȴǲҰܣܼһһϣһõϢĶը


058 ѵû
ܼʱ⣬Ҳ롣ûΪ־յɫص֮ǰѾ˵һ񣬶ʵЩûչ¶ʵ״ﵽʲô̶ҲҲ֪
ıҵǸ˵ʵȷʵû뵽Ȼ֮ǿ֮ǰȻ֪Щʵȴû뵽Ȼʵ֮ǰҲ˵֪֮ǰȫ˵һսһƼҲʧ١
ô˵ܼҵĲˣ־͵վ˫ۣŻ
Ҳ˼־ҡҡͷҲ˭˭Ӧ취ôӦҲǡ
һսУʵѾȫ¶κһҶǿɳȥǿ¾Ҳûҵ֮
ԣ־һһˮͷ֮ϣ侲ЩǸĶŻ˵òղͷ
һ£־ռӽһսˣоˣ⻹ǸκһҶǣذɣֻг֣һս
Ҳ˼֮Ҿû⣬ҵĵҼɣ츳ڸǾһģʮͻƵЩһֱڱչأҲ֪ʵΡ
⿴ЩĽͿڵӦôﵽ˵ǿС
ȷʵһȷأҸһҲ̫ġܼһղμӹսĳüЩصĵǸΪ졣
ӽıʵĴﵽ񣬶ǲ֪ʲô취ʱʵʹõȭ̫
ҵܹʱʵİ취˶ѧᣬʱǲΣգ⣬ʱʵķʹõȭӵеģԣһǲǰʲô¡
ڳȫһֳȷʵλ˵ȷʵʹʲôʱʵģʵһǰ㣬˶ѧַ̫ˡ
˼һ£ҡͷҲ˵ı֣ʵȷʵʱַӦֻһܹʹǽַ˸ת˻δ֮ʱ˳ǱƳʹȷˡ
Ҳˡ־Ҳͬĵ˵ͷʹõȭӦʵķһҲֻһ˻ᣬڵĵǽЩˣֽң᲻ҡ
ԣɫٴһ䣬Ƕܹ񵽣ܽô̬ķ˿϶һ֣˵վ½۷ĴڣԸһ㶼Щ죬пұ𣬵Ҳпְܳæ˭˵λǿ֣߳˵ǻ
˳ĬˣڲԸңǲģԸңֺ¡
Ƭܼ֮Ҽ־ҧôŹҲģǿҲδػְһССҡ
˼£Ҳͷܼ˵òǵǿߣδܽһҿۣҲܲҾǿ̽һ¡
̽һ¡־յͷͬ
תȥԭ׼Ϊҽչû뵽ǣҲûʲô⵹Ҳ첻ѡ
Ҹɿȴ˶
ڻѾƹܵĵؽ磬Ѿ֣֮ڻеֻзһ֣Ҷ˵˵Ǹô죿ϵؿˣʵ
ÿ϶ǰ취Ͽ˶˵ڵбǾöûܿ
˵öԣǱ÷˳Ҳɫصͷһúݺݵķ֪ҵ
ǿ϶ģҪôԸˣ֣֣񣬶ֻ񡣡ĳɫЩףͳ㣬Ȼ˻ûȫ
ԣ˳Ĭˣ˫ʵԣһʤĻǳã
ѵҾûѣվԱߵͻȻڡ
ǰ£ĸӸûвμӵĻᣬŷдսǵľ˱֣δϳϵǲμӡ
ֽ˳ύo޲ý˸ˣɴľǸܷԡ


059 
ǰǰŰᵽǵģҶǴѹϣߵ̫ҡͷ̾ϢЩͨҲûжãҪǸ֣ϵĸ֡
첻˵ֻһƫԶСǣ֮٣֮У֣˼ҲңϾȣ̫ˡ
峤ε̾Ϣһչ˵ҵʵ̫
ʵҵһ취ֻ´ҶҲᡭ˳ɿһۣɻδ˵ͣ
Ťͷ˳ɣüͷһ壬ѾǼΣ֮ʱʲô취˵
⡭˳ɳһ£֮ǰдսʵΪˣش񣬵ǴҶܹʵ֮ʱܹ֮ôǿʲôʱʵ
Ը⽫̸ַңʱǵʵ˲䱩ǣҵҲ塣
ʱ˳ɾͺһǰ첻ССھȻеسƺΪ
תȴӣбһǿŭ⣬Ȼ˳ɿڰ⣬ʵȻ졣
⻰ڸˣΣ֮ʣȻûط߼壬üɹѹ
ԣ˫һһ֮ʹطʵ֮󣬶شЩʹ֮󣬾Ҳʲôɣʱ֣
뵽˶Ŀת죬һڴؿ
ܵǻȵĿ⣬üͷһ壬ǿѹеŭ⣬˼ַҲܽǡ
ܹ֮ʱΪԭ˸û飬ôһʵ
컰˶ɫһ˳ɸŭȻǰĸӲ̫ãˣǳԴסȫңѣô飿
˻һλ϶ֱüϵıԿǶѾЩˡ
ܵ˵ı仯Ҳòף죬û˵ҡͷĸף㲻˵ˣҸܽ˵ġ
ԣһ㶣漴ͷɡ
ҼǵʹõȭҲ쳣ǿ󣬾㲻˵طȭ˵аɣύoҲû˵ѧʹõȭʵͬԱǣʱҲҡ
һǿѹеıŭ˳ɣֿύoЦϲǣǵܳɹطȭҶǲ˵ġ
˵꣬Ҳٹˣתȥ
Сʲô̬ȡ˳ӰһǰŭﶼǼ峤ϣҸ㳤Ȼ˲ҷĲ㡣
ˡͻȻһȣؿ˳ɺύoһֿۣ㲻˵Ѵ߰ɡ
ԣһɽţϵٴδǼΣ֮ʱΪ˼壬һϣ㽫ǽϾҵү
ȻĮϲŭѾУѾ˽١
ȻкǷŭҲί첢ûͣתȥһˣҲͣһˡ
˸ճţ˳ύo
СҲ̫˽ˣڿǼΣ֮ʣֻһЩ˵΢ĶȻϣ˸
иûм尡ˣҽ齫塭
˵Ļüеŭڶ𣬾ɽҪһ㣬ȻҪתȥúýѵһʱǵȴڶ𣺡ĸԼѴ
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лĸס
˵û飬벻ڣһ㶼ģĵֻǡ
Ȼʲôġ
Ҷӣĸײ㣬ȥ˭΢Ц߰ɣǻȥ
ļ죬ҵԽԽÿ춼ȥҵִѹ֮£һֵĵҲˣֻʣһС
⼸սҲμˣϵ߲ʮˣҲû˵֣Ҳ͸ˡ
⼸첻Ը⽻ʵطȭ֮ҲҴ÷зԭΪ֮ǰдս˶Ѿı䲻ٵֱ̬öһЩ˿춼¶ŭĿ⡣


060 ͻ
½ÿ˶ԼĹԶ񣬶ĽȻ֪˳ύoڱҲǷŭѣȴûа취
Ͼʱʵķǰȭǲܸ߱˵ģҾ߱ˣû飬û֮Ҳʹá
Щ춼ܸ߱ˣҪ֪û˵˵ˣҲ¶š
ŭǣ˳ɺύoǾȻŲʣǲĴԽԽʢ
ԴˣܵѹҲ쳣ĴҺһֱذмѣпܳܲס
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˼ٴͣһϲŷ䣬Ȼҵļλϣֻǳֺ󣬳峤϶˵ͷǴк֮⣬ûпһۣȻҲûǡ
˾ôվԺһ񼸸ԺҲ˺£ԭλϵͬ㻹ȥǵ裬ɿǹΣҲǰš
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ͻ֮ʵٻҵȼԽߣߵĲҲԽ󣬾˵ǰֶԸҲֲֻܱܣڱ˵񣬾Ҳܻʤ
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ֻ峤ǵ˷ܣ˳ύoɫȴѿĸӶŲǳĳԹǳԺǵӿɾѹˡ
˳ɣһ뵱ѲǷ츳ĶӣҲǣ˳һƣ֮λѵõ
ôŬԲܾô׷ˣ˳ź죬Ũصɱһ
˳ɵ˼˲֪˼󣬱׼뿪뿪֮ʱͻȻǵǰ֪ͨ˼ڽҪͷûмʱŵһܸˡ
˵꣬Ťͷһ죬ĮصúɣԺսģûǸʵɾ͹ֲñˡ
Ŵϵ뿪Ťͷ죬ϲޱı飬ЦʵôˣϸղŵĻϿ㡣
ϿҲΪΪѣֲΪҵʵõϿɡҡҡͷһתЦϲĸףҵ֡
⻹øл㣬ҪøҵЩҶ֪ⱲܲͻƵЦ
ĸ츳ôãôڷܣûЩһҲػͻơЦ
һطȥղŴϵıֿش̼졣
ұøǿˡȭͷзݵʱͻƵʿˡ
˵ţȶ˫΢գʼսڵս
ʱһȥŴսյսԽԽ࣬ĵ

֮ͻȻһ𣬽ţսͻȻԽԽ죬һһ㣬γһС
иһγɣսڵսٶȱԭ
ԽԽﶼǴ٣ֱ춼еﴫʹֹͣǴʵγһСͣڵС
Ƭ֮͵˫ۣ𾪵ʿȻͬ죬УٶȱԭѹֳΪʿ֮ٶȻ֮ǰ


061 Ϊ
ϲʵӴСЦҲ
һСѣûʲôֵùϲġٺЦȴ˷ܡ
磬Ҹղͻ֮ʣս֮һϢȻһ˲䣬ҺĸоˡС˵䣬Щء
ô£һ㶣ɫһӱս֮ôܻϢСûоɣ
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⡭СˣҲ֪⵽㲻Ҳɡ
˷ֱܹ˫ͻƵ粢ȹ̣úúһУһʲô⣬ǿɽӰһ
һҹת۹ȥڶ糿һ죬ϱһĨϲɫϲͻƵʿˣ
ĸ׵ĸͻˡЦ
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ͬæŰڷ꣬һ˫һޱȵصͬ㣬ȻѾﵽ֮ˣ
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ⶼøлˡͬһмؿǡ
ԭΪͬʵǽøʯҲͬ㣬õһ±ﵽ֮Ȼܴͬﵽ̶ֳȣĹҲܴĹϵ
Ѿͷһõôô΢΢һЦ
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һ𵽴ţһʮ̻꣬εꡣ
һǰһүС㵽̻һ𡣡
С㣿ɻˡҺʶСɣ
ȻûСʽ棬ȴ̻һ档ЦСڸͣ죬ϣܼүһ档
ԣ뵽ϴ뿪̻ʱǸС㣬Ȼɻ󣬵ǵͷȻȥɣһǰȥݷС㡣
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ŶʲôʱʶƼС㣿Ǻʵ
ϴΪĸεʱһ֮ԵЦֻǲ֪ʲôҡ
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ˣȻҲẦˡ˵ţһתҲӴһЩˣǰΪ㲻ʵͬƼСҲǸһᡣ
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ܾǰ˵үϴһȴû˵һ䣬Ϊźǣ˵һЩ鷳ǰɺǷܰЩʲôɺЦ죬עϵĺһ˿仯ϧʧǣûбֳκεľϲ
ɺ۲죬ͬҲɺϵÿһ˿䣬ͬʱҲǲ²ɺôĿġ
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͵ÿүϣôˣɺЦֻҪ̻ܼ֮ڡ
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ˣҿûҵʲôҲûʲôܹƼҿϵġɺЦ׼ȷ˵֮԰ңȫΪ㡣


062 
Ϊңüͷøˡ
Ϊ㡣ɺǳ϶صҿǱԲŻҡ
ԣɫ͵һ䣬ң
Ը⣬ƼҷǳӭɺüͷЦȻ㲻Ը⣬Ҳǿ
ƼҲٰңЦ
ɺɫһ࣬㲻ӦҲңֻϣԺɳ㹻ĸ߶ȣƼ鷳뿴ڽϣһ
Ƽҿʤ۹Ĵ֮һ첻һСӵܣСаǵʵôüͷɢһЦؿɺСô֪Ƽһ鷳Ҫҵİأ
Ƽʵȷʵǿö࣬½ƱĪ⣬ÿʱÿ̶żЩ嶼ǿһʱƼȻҲܱ⣬δǺõġɺЦү㣬Ȼʵôҿ˴δ߹ۣ⣬Ժʤүһϯ֮أڴ½ռһϯ֮Ҳδɡ
ҰҲǰװԺүﲻǸҪƼҲʲôʧ
ɺĻ𾪲ѣɺȥ˶٣˼ȴԶɱȵģҲС
˺һԼϵ뵽ҵĴȻҲû̫ĸ飬ȴ뿴ģɺȻˣɺС׼ôңòɳǰɣ˵Ƽңɲʲô
ɺҡҡͷƼȷʵһЩȴҿԵģҲǰҡ
ƼҵΪʤǶ⣬ȻԺΪɱɱ⣬ƼйأֻҪַУƼҶɳߡ
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063 ս
ð죬һֱϵݲŴ޷ŵ𾪿ʵƼС㽻ģ
ҲѹִϻỳɣƼǿʤĴ֮һҸһϵģ˵ƼС㣬Ǹ̻ĸˣѣοæ
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ЩĵҩԺУҲӵܴܵٶһԡ
ԣ첻ÿɷƲƲ죬ҲٹܴǣתȥѾ˵ˣôɲܡ
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ô˵ǿɶĳǵһۡ
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ôˣɫһӱȻ֮ǰ˫òɿ˶Сһֱûֲμӣ㵽Ҳڰδ¶棬ΣԷȻɳ֣Ȼ߲ơ
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ողͻơЦֵǼλǰ
ܡҵǳʮߣǳһǰһ㶼Ϊ
˵ͷܼŤͷҴ飬ЦͷǺλҼķˣȴҪͷͻƵΪһɱЩﳤǿˡ
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˳Ҫŭ֮ʱϺǺһЦ֣֡ǾȻѵʧݣ
ķ̣ܺӢûзŭˬһЦԸˣֻҪãûʲô˲˼ġ
ڵˣֻҪܽ򵹣ԲơҲЦ


064 شһ
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Ϊһţһ½ѡܺӢҾЩг
һȣܺӢѻ˹ȥ
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065 ش
ʱΪƼߵǻƼѾվɫһƬҰףͱӶðѪֲ
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ӰһӦ飬ţȻԲߵ֮ϡ

һҽУԲӰɳȥ
ȥһŭȣҲٹ֮ǰƼ񣬻ȭԲ߱ȥ
áƼʶҲ˲ô࣬ӽȥͼֹԲߵ׷ɱ
ȻƼ׷ǰͻȻһתȭͷ֮ϵӰһգ۱㵽Ƽǰ

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ȥԲ֮ʣһԶ
Ťͷһɫһ䣬ԭղԺ䷢ģʱû˸տʼĴݣɫףǴѪͷҡ
չ˵ҲֻǸͻƵͻʮ꣬Ѵﵽĸ֣Ȼտʼʱǵͬھ򷨸ѹסˣʵϵĲ໹
ʧȥټʵϵĲ࣬ǱֵסֻòϵĶ
ŭһʵĿһԶԲӰһǾͳȥ
սҰ
һͺȣŻһȭʱһǣòս졣
һҪˣ֪ѵãӽ׷
ǰ죬ǣۿͱܲޱȣһУˡ
Σ֮ʱȴһץԱһܼ죬ԼһתǾʹ˹ȥ
仯̫ͻȻü˶ûзӦ
䡭ӳܼ߱Ӱţҽжûüһ㻯ΪѪ⣬ӰҲ֮ɢ
ͬʱһǴǰ̶ȥ
ꡭ
һ죬ǵ˸Դ
ĸסɫ˲òҰף˫۳죬ȫǣһħ
졣
ŭ֮µ߶ȫսһϵͷ˲ȭͷ֮ǰγɣĳ֮£˶Ϊһŭ
á
ܵǼƿɫ䣬Ҫ齣Ա߶ȴͲ岻һŷ֣˫ֽһؿ
𲻸ҵɿϧ֮Уʤôһ˲䣬Ϊղŵĵ㿪ϮѾܡ
䡭һȻ죬ǷŭѺݺݵĺڻıϣ˲ĻΣõûѪֹɳȥ
ĸףôˣȻȫٴûУȻҧߵǵǰ
û¡ҡҡͷЩǾסһеؿɫҰ׵û°ɣ
û¡쿴һĵģЦֻˣʵ̫Ȼǿսȴû㹻սʹá
û¾ͺãڻСʵġǹĵ˵
ԶòɿܺӢɱǱһһˣԭ𾪲ѣǺ޲ýˡ
ɵٽ˺˶ˣΪԼۻˣҲΪĳ񣬲㱻Уŵȫ亹ֱð
ع֮Ҳ÷ˣһ͹飬ŪһæңӰһȥ
Һã鼰ʱܺӢĿģõܺӢ岻ȥ


066 
ɱСĸӡۿһ鹷ƤҩԼţܺӢ˫ۣ
ɱϧһдɱС˵ĻҲ˫ʱǳ׵ظܵĿֲ
ɱ
ߵõһȫ׿֣һ㣬ĸӳȥ
סǣϧһд۵סǡҲղſ˻ҲеʵϾķ֮ʮ꣬һӱôǿ˭һʱܲˡ
֮࣬Ļоϲڵôǿǵɳʲôӣǿô
ԣһΧɱȥ㼱ˡ
үˡΪʵ£һΣգ׿֣Ѹٵĳȥ
үˡҲӦ˹һȫȥ
ղŻսɾΪ죬һ˲䣬˶֣һǳ
Сһ㡣Ƕһϵƣһǰ쵲
ĸ˿ڻѪءסǣóһƿ浹һŵҩݸǵĸף˿ϣֹܿѪǵȻı飬ƺûһġ
ʵ첢һ㶼ģ֪ԼôҲûãͬʱҲΪģԲǿ򶨡
ǽӹҩͷҲûʲôҩһ˿֮ϣʱһȡ˿ϵľʹƬ̱ûѪ
ǡǿ˿˿ڣһ𾪵ؿ죬ʱѾоⵤҩͨҩǴ̻ЩƷҩҲûôõЧ
ĸײʣҲ˵Ŀҿǡ
ȴڿ֮ıֻ֮΢Цŵ˵ͷãĸײʾǡ
ɱԽҲҪ壬ƴֵ֪ԼȥȻԥϳ塣
Ѫ꣬֫յҽǵһ㣬ÿ̶˵£ɱ۵˸ûһη壬ֻ֪ǰ塣
ĸףô죿һΧɱѾ˲ĳ棬ȻЩġ
ĸɱȥĮнгɱ⣬ʱһͷ̵ĸǡ
ԣһĸϵ˾ҶԽء
ĸײµġҡҡͷЩ˶ǳģǲȥЩֵǵӵȫ
⡭ɫһ߱ٺܶ࣬һǵ⣬ҲɣΨгȥõıԼԾЩǵߡ
һʱս߼ʯ˫ذ£ڵսѾָһЩȻһɣҲӰж
ðɣҾͺĸһȥһתǲע⣬Իýóһѳһһȣһȵĳ˳ȥ
ɱ
ųɫһ䣬ϽŽϡ
ĸ׷ģû¡Ľǵ󣬼嵽Ⱥ֮С
ݡ
һӣã㽫һŻƼҷεԴѪһ
ɱѪټǲףʱһո񣬲ϻеߡ
죬ΧɱҵѸΧõѹƬϱ㱻˺üҺ׻ֻ˵֫ĵʹһѣεĸо
һ뵽ǣֻҧǰ塣
ĸѪ죬ĶڵѪǰȥӵֵ񱳺۾һ㣬ÿȥ춼Ὣ
ĸףû¡Ťͷ¶һ΢Цʱ˻ƣ嶼΢΢ڲȻ˵ôɡ
ĸҪˡһ࣬Բɵ˵ţ漴ӰǰȥȻȻ뽫ǵ󣬿Ҫ嵽ǰȥ˼أֻƽŶվһǰɱȥ
ֻϧ˴ʱǿ֮ĩһֵסЩĻߣ϶˼˺ۡ
ү˺ò׽ߵɱˣһ嵽ǰ棬ֵĹ


067 
Ȼ˻Уչʵ̫Ƭ̣ϱ˽ʮҪ춯죬˾ߵĽ¡
ۿ֮ԽԽ٣ҵȫΧ˹ǴʱǻѪ˫۷죬ȴԼԱߵߡ
ĸףҲߡֵҪڣһЦĸףڵҲ߲˰
⡭һۣһĨˣðɣȻ߲ˣĸӾһɣ
ԶҵڳϿΣ֮Уһ˫۳죬˷Ԯϧܻҵ߶Ǹͳ岻
ߵԽԽ٣ֱֻʣ˶ˡ
ҲҪҪʹ䣬һ
ܺӢǺôĵӣȻңһҲߡһ羪װͻȻ𣬽һϢԶ
һг϶ֳϲ֮ɫǸǼȫһܡҵĸ֣ȫɫһ䡣
ߡ
ûκεĳɣܺӢͬʱһȣ׿֣Զɱȥ
ߡһӰ׷ȥգۼʧ֮С
ܡҵˣҵҲûս֮ģڼλϸһͺ֮£Ѹ׿֣Ӷߡ
׷һȣ׷
ɱ
˾ħһ㣬Ѫ׷һЩܵһ׷ϣ˲㱻ҵʬ
顭һߣѹȫҲվסһƨ˵ϡ
ȻԼҲվȣ뵽Ļ졣
ĸû¡ҡҡͷٴóƿöҩöݸǵĸ׿˿ڷϣѾ˲Ѫ
㻹Լðɡǿܼ˺ۣ۵ᶼˣĻĵҩ
ĸײõģﻹءǿнҩǵУóöˣŽʣµö⣬˿ϡ
˿ڣ쿴һۻߵķ򣬺ʵĸףղų˭ʵǿȻһͽˡ
˭Ȼ㸸ˡһЦ˵͸¶Ũصİ⡣
üͷһ壬ЩŭصôȵǶ˲ܳѵǸм
⺢ӣ㶼˵ʲôأһԴЦ㸸֮ǰûӦڽҪ֮ʱˣԺɲô˵ˡ
ðɡ˵ͷ
ϢƬָ̣һкܶˣϽ˵֮ˣȻŵܻ֮ˣȻǲһˡ
һսǳĲңܻңҶ˲صĴۣѪɺӣʬ˵ĵǡ
ֻԵĹһ£һս˰ˣʮңҸʮˡ
Ҫ֪ڸǷչ꣬˼Ҳǧˣȥ棬һսʧķ֮һߡ
ò˵ƼҩȷʵǳĲԶǰʹõҩã˵أֻҪҩϣƬֹ̱Ѫ
֮ǰÿ߶һСΣ֮ʱʹãҲļ
˵ˣ˻ңڴɨУȻ˸
һʱ֮׷ɱҵȫˣȻһ˺ۣȴ˷֮ɫ
첢ûˣʱ˾ľһڷϣȫȫţǻǸϵġ
ԭǲԸģǼ˿ںõøãҲֻȴǲ˿ڸϣû˵Ҳһˡ
ͻȻ򿪣һʮ꣬ݸ㣬׳˶ȫɢһǿϢ˽
һ죬Ǹϱ㸡һĨЦݣɣ
̧ͷһӣȻ첻ʶӶԷüĿ֮жϳӱҵļɣҲϵĸס
һ뵽ЩĸӲܲˣܵЩίоŭڡ
˭Ҳʶüϴ˰ɣ
㲻һ㶣ãüһɻص԰øղ˵ڷУüҲ֮ôܲأ
ؿһɣֿЦõĸомûмˣҲϲɣ


068 ҵĹעһ
˶ϲʲôüЩĮ
ɻδ˵Ǳ˽죬Щֵصô˵أ
ԼĶӶʶ䵱ôЦſ졣
ɫһ죬ǸһĨΣ˼صԭҾ˵˵ڷôûأ
ԣ쵱ŭˡûԸ˭ϰɣ
ͨ죬βĶӣ֪ô죬ֻýĿ⿴ǡ
ô㸸˵ҿҪˡĿ졣
ҲֻĸŻô˵һɣŪ˵Ҳǣ˵ҲǣòΡ
ľǿһʱҲûа취ѣֻ뿪Լ졣
ǵȰ˵쵹ǴӦúãȴôġ
Ȱ˵һǿҲսһôˣҲĴúϢ
һߣ첢ûϢɵӰ˦𣬼
ƸҸ߲ڰϵ˿֮ٴξ۵һϴβͬи߲㾡룬һӡ
˭û˵һϾǷŭȻĻеģһսֵ̫ˡ
ڽ֮ǰѾƺãֻһֱڱչأʵ飬ֻɳԸ顣
ϾȻ˵Ҳ٣ֵͲлкü֮ͽ
μɳ߳ϵʵңһڼѱûǵ⡣
ңʵԸʵ޼ĸ֣϶Уʱ㲻ɱҲˣʧȥҵֹ֮£
˭뵽ҲΪҲòֳһ˶Ը㵼شļƻܡ
û뵽ǣʵҲ˵ǿȫǵ񣬲ɱشϣõڳϵƵȻ޴棬֣λشõϵҲûˡ
ֵɸ𾪣ԭΪɽʱ㣬츳ٺãҲԸҲûѶȡ
𾪵ǣѾﵽ˵Ҫܻڼʱϵ´ʱܺӢ¡
˶ı仯õӦӲϾʧ١
ͬʱҲǿһ͵ӵеĿֲʵǰǶΪģ˭뵽ʵ֮ʵǿġ
ǿκһҵӦԶĳ̶ȡ
̧ͷһۣƼҼҵʵѾȫչ¶Ѿ˺սһ²ᣬҶ˵˵ڸô죿
B뵽չֵĿֲʵüͷһĵǣ벻һӦ֮
ܵеĲܼҼ־ȻͬǣȴòҲ̫ģȻǿɸ֣Ҳδؾǡ
ܼ˵öԣﲢûʲôѣҶģܱǹϵȫǰæҲο
ԣҲȷʵô£ȻʵǿܼҶһְֻ̤ĸ֣֮Ҳδػɡ
Ҵʵ˵ҲԶȣҪ֪˼Ҳһǧҹ߼нһǧֱƴҾƴҡ
ԸңԮǲ϶ḶٵĴۣҶԷҲδӦһλƼҳüҾӦöһ׼Ҫϣһ
ŶһĨɫλʵϣ֪кθ߼
ϾһʵΪ磬֮ϵһȻ벻ϵֻǱϵģһԮȾ³ɣԷԻûһʡ
ҰҲҪʵģЩΪ˱ȫԼʵҲδػңϣȫϣȷʵס
½Ų֮ͽֻҪ棬;ȱˡƼҶһɭȻصҪۣ仹Ƿ飬Щ֮ͽ
˫һ𵱼һĴȣ֮ǰôû뵽취ȻǻḶٽǮֻҪңռ췻Уò˶ñջ


069 ϴ
ȷʵһ⡣־ҲͬǾôˣǮƽ̯
û⡣𵱼ͷ
˷ܼ֮࣬һͻȻصصλǽЩͨǰʲôͬ
ͬ˳˼һ£ҡͷûʲô֪ͬΪʣѵ㷢ʲô
϶һϳϣǱ׷ɱλԲ
ȷʵһЩ⡣ϳһ죬ԭΪһɱȴ̲壬Ȼ֮ǰǲ²λʦ𣬶λ˸һЩĶⲢΪ档
Ϊˣûٲ뵽ս֮Уȴһ⣬˫ͨߴս֮ʣҵߺܶ߶֮ʱϣȻǰսҲΪ档
һսȴرĶ࣬ҴһƣܼҾгʮ˵ϣд˶ԷɱʣµҲˣҲΪʲôҵʧҶԭ֮һ
ȴûһ˵ϣԵ̫Ծ
һɫٴαղŴսǶƴȻûôע⣬ھôһ˵Ҳʶ˴µԡ
һ£ϼ⻹һЩ֮֮󣬶óҩ˿ϣǵҲôҲ㲻֣ǵҩ˿ϼֹסѪʹõҩԶﲻЧҲΪǴ
ٴγĬˣһϵɫٴθ֣ЩϺõҩܹõóģȻұ֧ǡ
ѵı֮ˣɫصص
˭Ҳ˵־ҡҡͷһս˲ң챳֮˶û֣ٴһ˵Ӧòվҡ
ҲôΪ˼һ£ҲݣұкʲôˣǶãȴǵı
š˾һȻĵͷͬ
һкܿȥڶԹ緹Ǳ㲻֪ȥˣͬҲˣֻ
˶û˵ô۵Сֱۣ֮ɲεЦЦ֪ҵЩͷô࣬ҵĴǸ
ҲдЦõļˣôд˭ҽĵǸ
˶дҲ⣬ǲǼ޹ϵҡҡͷϿҵصЩĸܵĿѾͬ˵ˣⶼҵȻһҾ֪֮λ֪㲻֮󣬱ʱչأ֮½Ϊľռ壬ԱԺ󽫼֮λ
û뵽ǣȻô½һƺôڵõû뵽Ȼ˶ԴǣЩҵĴܿˣϣԭְĸס
˵ţɾȻ칪ٶ쾪þһֻܾСӣһ
˵Ҳһ֮ôôϴأг˾ţȻûɵľٶ֮лعѵͲ´ȥˣ
Ҹղ˵˶дȻԼˣϴʲô˵ġ¶ص˵֪Լˣȴڸġ
ԣһ㶣һϿҵ̬ȣ٣ͷ̬ȲķϣҾԭɡ˵ţһתĮص֪ôҵ˼Ƕ˳ɡ
ڼڻҵִѹ֮£˼ô꣬ʱʺϴҡҡͷҵʵò˶ñңȻһͬҲɱұػһ
ðɣҾ͵ĽҲһȡ֮ˣҲ֪ڴ˳ȫܣϾ˳ô꣬Ҳв֧ߣһͻҶңԵֵҵĹǲ
ȻԭңǲӦýһףɺǺˬһļϣЦ
Ĵ˾ٶͻȻһֹĸоⲻǸ׶Զӣֵ֮䡣
ף˺ð죬³ѵ֣ϾǲͬΪ˽ĸϿɵģɲʶ̸ϸ֮飬Ҫһİ˸ףȷʵЩѡ
úãҿɶüû㺰ˣɹЦ조ǰǾѪϡ˵˵ôܹģʵôǿҿ뾡˰취ûܰ㽫ͨ


070 
ô֪췭˷ۣҿʧˣ֮ǰȫǵãһ
ᵽɵĆ£Ҫ⼸û˵Ļ˵һǰ֮춼ܲˣҺʧֵʻ¶ˡ
ֱ磬һֱټͬŷ˳֣죬¶º͵Цݡһ绹ûĹôóԷˡ
һ˵һƵ˲
ٺ٣ûˡɶ¶һĨЦݣȻǲڣ뿪ģ֮ĸҡ
죬ơҲûҵ鷳Ҳˣһжƽ˶֪Ǳǰ
죬ע⵽ɣϵЦݱƽʱ࣬ȻЩζһֱĸĸоΪĸ׸еˡ
⣬һ峤ݣ˳еĲȨջˣȻΪ˳ɲ嶯ڲûȫѾɵľģԴ쵹Ƿǳ⡣
˳ȻʾôеȨҳֽӣ̬ȼΪ߻ֵãĳϰ˳֧֮ɣϾ֮Ĳ̫ˡ
С
еͻȻȫһ͵˫ۣһľϲɱȻʵ÷
磬ϲͻˡСЦ𣺡ڿǶʿˡ
ʿͼʿѡЦҡͷ벻۸úܡ
磬أҪǱ֪¾Ƕʿ֪ö˷񡣡
ǶΪսԭ򡣡첢ûΪͻƵÿΪ֪󲿷ݶΪԼǿս顣
սֲ̫ˡ̲ס̾Һⶫ٣ҪȻ½ס
ͬʱһ˳˫۳죬һͷҰһ㣬ȫһɱ֮
ǰضƷƬ
Ϊô꣬ˣͷȻ³ҪҪûҵһС˳˫ȭգĿҪ˵Ķһ㡣
ɣ죬ǣǶҵŰɣһҪʬΡ
תһȥ
ҳãλֱַ飬±߲ǼλϣҲ峤Աߣȴû˷ԡ
Ȼɵĳأڼ֮еĵλҲǼ
ϵĿɨһˣɳѾȥ֪ϵôˣ
峤ƼҹļƷҩҵѻȫվĻش
ҲñˡһĨŨصɱ
峤峤վһ£ǸŲİǻȻǴþƽһ㣬ǷļԿЩȫߣһЩһǳ֮֮ͽ
ˣкü˶⵽ɱȻǷӦܿ죬Ҳˡ
ӦǻҸĹЦַǣǣǣ޷ȥԸǣȴ̫Сˡ
һ¡ɫصصڸղţҲ鵽ɱֹᷢɱˣÿɱһ˽һٽңϽǧϺͷ峤򡭡˵Ťͷһؿ졣
ɫ΢΢һ䣬쾪صòҲжĽɣ
ǵġϵͷЦɱ񻹲ֹһܹÿʮң
ʲôһʮԲһСĿңǸ֮һƹܹܻۺķУһҲʮңȥ忪֧һиĽͲˡ
ʮǿĽ࣬´֮˶жޡ
Ϣˣˣ˳֮⣬ȫˣһ񿴹һ㿴죬һʿѣ۾Ȼߴʮҡ
൱룬ҪүҪǱ޴󣬿ǶῼԴȥҡ
ôҸʲôѵ׼ȥҡЦ˵
ء˸ЦһϽĿջأ֮иղŻô


071 
ҹܡҿǱġɳ˼һ£ֻһ˭ģȴö֪Ͼû˽˴𣡡˵ţɲŤͷһ˳ɣ˳ɾûзһޱһԲ
ԺʹڼҪٳȥˡһǵؿ졣
ʮңһҲҪĶȻ֮ǰֻ˹𣬵֪쵥ɡ
Ҳͬ˵Ҳͷ֮ǰΪһڱչأʵ㣬ҼȻѾأȻȥðա
ԣϣϺ峤ȫͷͬ⣬Ҳûа취ֻϴӦȴΪȻһ뿿ɱʵأʵҪʱ
һվڻѵãͻϮƼңֻҪƼҴУԺܼҽҲûҶԿ
ֺܿ켯ϣΪ׼׽Ƽңʵֻ֮䡢Լʮߡ
úסҡ뿪ʱǻ춣Ҫĸ׻㲻ڼңҿҪġȻΣա
ĸ׷ģһúסҡɵĴӦ
ĵ뿪һת˻Ժӡ
˵λƼһᱻôսԺӣʵ
мԳ֣Ƽұ𡣡һ˷ܣ漴̾Ϣֻϧ˴սȴܲμӣ
ǰҲͷһϢ
Ǻμӣʵ˵ͷ
һ˷ܵص˴սܲμȷʵźھĹȥ
үɲš󼱵ʱġ
ʲôǼңŭʶԼ˵©죬ϽͷŤһߣ졣
úýѵһʱһλſڵæүˣЩصߺҪ
ʲô󾪣ҿǷǳĿ飬Щ˳롣
ҵŴŷɱȥ
һſڣ㿴ſڵļѾγؿ⣬⣬ѾŽʮ߾ۼһ𣬲ƵĿſڣڸԶвİ
ãϽš
켱ҽŹǳøŮ˶ȫ
˲ҵϽ˽Ҫš
⣬ۼſڵİһ˵ľٶȫɫһ䣬һ˸ãҪţֵǳ尡ǽŹϡ
尡
˴ɱǳɱõɫһס
죬ʹϽš콹ĴߴٵǴɣޱȣһӾͿԹϵġ
鼱֮£ҲȥæǴžţƳ̵Ķš
ۿѾԵһҳȥסǣǳ
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072 Ѫ
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073 һ
ͷѪųǸǣΪǵ֣ڸǳ֮⣬ǷǳǿģºֶΣȫһȺ֮ͽԼȱҲԸǡ
ǰųֵģüͷ壬ܾѪ˳Źϵʱ벻ףѪεҲһ˳ҲȻ˳ɱȶԷǿöԷĻǺѡ
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074 ƼҴ
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ʱվڴſڣˣΧǽţܵĻᶼûС
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075 һɱ
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˵ֱһɱ¡ߵٸı


076 ܼԮ
شƼңѪ֮ºܿڸǴϢǼһϲҳһЩ˺ڲѣ֪ôǿʵ͸Ǹùϵ
ϾơҽԹһ˲֪ڻƼұشҶԿǳ飬ˣǵһδϴơ
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Ҫ֪ѩ̿ԶȽҪöࡣ
Ƕϰ֮һƫƧСɽ壬ԶͨСɽûʲô𣬵Ͱķӣҵš
ϸһȴͨׯ֮ͬ࣬ȣׯΧûһأҴׯ֮ҲûݣΣׯ֮ȫźµӣһǾͲũ򣬸ûһŮˣڴׯ֮⣬вڡ
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СôųЩؿźӵֻʮôôӵлɱʵ
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077 
С츳ȻҵʵȻѴﵽҪǵõǼ֧֣ѾǼȡδ˵꣬ױеһĿ⣬авãȻСԣϽ졣
ջĿ⣬￴ܺӢĮص֮Ҳܣ̸ֻΪ˼ɡ˵꣬Ҳˣתȥ
⡭ܺӢҪ˵ױ㼰ʱСȥɣĽᣬҺ֮£ѽȫȨ𡣡
ðɣܺӢĵĽǺμֵһ£ںμСôģ룬Ҫ˫ǲźá
˵СǰڿѴﵽ˰ɣܺӢʵʵڴμҵʵ
СϺǺЦȻܺӢ˼˵Ҳܼ֤μҵʵӶ̸ӳ롣
һܺӢһμСʵһͬʱҲ̾ϢҵĲܼ࣬ңǿĶֻȫǼʮߡ
˼ҺμңƾǿʵԴһʮСȴǲ࣬ԽĲࡣ
ֲҲעڽ̸ܼҽĴۡ
ԸңƼҲзݣýֵһСܺӢ

ڸеͻȻñ˵һŮҪúǺ棬궼ڱչأûŮнʣ˭أ
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Ŷһĸ׵ѣĵҲû룬ĸڼأҴȥ
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áɫһ䣬ɶ˵Ļ֪ǰλŮ˾Ǳ˦˵ĺμС㡣
аԾ裬ºǲӸղű㿴ʵԱǿ
ȴһЦСܵĸ׳֣
ûش𣬺ĺˣң߻һĵˣȻҵʵĸǿһЩ֣Կչңɵûɵ̶ֳȡ
˵ţһؿһɡ
СӲ£С㲻ؽ⡣Ǵ󷽷ǰһס֣ǽİɡ
ðҲġһЦݵĴӦ
˾Ķᵽɤ֮£ȵȥ
⡭˶һۣһãȻУý
Ȼﲢûбֳ̫ĵ⣬˻Ǻܲģһ˽ȥ


078 ɱֹ
һʱ˾Աߣһ仰岻ȥŮҲȫЩĵĻڼҲûκγĻȫһ㡣
뿪֮ʱ˻Լ´μ档
źȥıӰüͷ壬һɻؿɵ˵Сʲô˼ܴȣƽ˦һ£Ļʲôı
컰Ǿ˦һ£ɫʱúѿ⻰ͺһĺһ㡣
ô˵ֵĵ졣
һΣЦҲǵڶμ֪Ϊˡ
Ǿͺúõصһ¡üͷı̫ôȵģĸײ
һǶβѣȴס仰
ţͻȻüͷһؿʵҼǵøղź˵̸ܼ
ԡɫҲʱܼμң϶ʲôΪ˶Ըҡ
Щ鷳ˡɫصҵȥҳһ²С
ڼ֮£ܣصСԺԻóһɫӣһ֡
ⶫ״ĸ֯أɱѵĶüͷѵӱϣøɣֱ˵ɱĳɱ֯ĸ߲ʱ
Ϊ˲ü嵣ģԲûнóϾһҪæŶԸܻңͲٷĶԸ
Ȼ˵ĳɱ֯ĸ߲㣬ɱֹӦܲ鵽һЩϢעⶨ˵һܵɱֹڡ
ڴ϶̬ѾȫԭһȻʺɻ󣬵ǸʱⶣǧȥΪңֱɱ˲գ֮ء
һЩ˸ûжԹʶᱻɱɱֹ˺ţʮݣκ˷
ڴϵȰ˵û⣬±ɱʵҲǳصģڸСطжٸ֡
Ϊ˱⣬컹Ūһͷףݸ
ɱֹᣬشһǳƫƧĽֵսֵƾǿʶ㷢ڰһֹһ
Ҳû̫⣬ɱֹᣬΪ½һǳǼ͸ֶϲѡ
Ȼɱֹʵǿǣ൱ڵȫ½еɱ֣ҲѱһЩ߲ܺ鷳
ǰ˽˵طʲô¡컹û߶ԶһŽµ㽫
һתǰһãû˵ǺҲû˵ȴ·ÿˡ
ʱϸ˵ͨɱֹĽֵϣЩֻǱⲻ֪˴ȥֻҪ˵Ŀģ¶ߵʵԷ㲻
һ·ҲûһֱߵһյİԲǰ
£Ŵ򿪣¶һʮӣһ죬ʵк£
Ȼҵɱˣɱˡ˵
û˵Ŵ򿪣˽ȥ
һţһĨ죬ʻţ¥䣬˵ϸϸԵúйأʲôɱֹᣬֱһסĸơ
סﲻô򽫻ᱻ𣬸ö˳֣ܵɱṫ׷ɱӱ˵Ҳ죬תȥ
˵ɱֹΣôҿﶼȫŤͷһЩؾصɱǣо𾪡
ֵܣǲǺ⣿һϷڶһŤͷȥȻе֣ҲûϵĶ˶ɱ˲գ۵ɱ֣˾Էɱֹ׷ɱҲ
ôšһĲߣЩݵ˫֣ЦûҲ뱻ɱֹ׷ɱǲẦġ
ǿɲһʼ磬ÿɷ
䲻󣬾ԻͦһЦҽΤ֣ǳϤʲô£ҡ˵ţҲǷԸ⣬һѱ㱧סļ
ΤִԼϵ֣üҲûж˵ʲôóǿһֵƣݵΤǰʵ֪ƴʲô𣿡


079 ɱɱ
ǡΤֽӹƿһۣɫһ䣬Ǵϵ־񴥵һ㣬
Τֵı仯ע⵽авãʵôˣ
ûûʲôΤһЦû뵽ôǾɱִ£ղСܶʧ񣬻¡
üͷһ壬쿴꣬ˣƲҵģֻ֪
ʲôɫһ䣬˵Ʋģôϣ
еõġ쵭ĮصܽңҲſġ˵ţóһǮΤ֡
ǮΤĿתؿ죬ð죬еǮȻҲ֪ôϵģϢҵǿԸ㡣
ɱɱ֪ɣ
˵ʤ۹һɱ֯뵽Ǹ֣ɫһ䡰ѵɱɱйϵ
ΤֵͷоɱǾɱɱŵƣɫӦͨľɱǰӦǾɱɱŵִ¡
ѵɱвͬɫɻʵ
ԣɱһΪ֣һǺɫѪɫɱӵֻǾɱųųΤֽ͵ֺɫľɱֳΪͨɱǾɱɱŵִӵеġ
⣬ɱ֤ھɱɱеĵλ⣬һãǾΪ´ƾݣɱִƾɫɱɱͨɱ´׷ɱѪɱɱһ֣Ǿʹɱ˲ݡ
˸㣬ɱų֣ųŰʵλųҲǺʵмµִȫ񣬾˵ʮˡ
Τֶһ£ʵʤ˲٣ɱ֮Щ˶η壬Ϊǲİɱַųɱʸ֣˵ɱиǿĺ̨˭ҾͲ֪ˡ
ôô𾪾ɱʵ֮࣬ҲΤֺ治ѡ
һֱ죬ľЩϢΤֹЦҸЩƽʱٵʮңֵ㽻ѣԲǮ´ΣǮҾ͵ˡ
ΤǹֱӵͣͷãԺǾѣʲôҪæģֻҪ֮ڣƳ١
ҾлˡΤŹ˹ֵ֣ܣһȰôõģԺвҪó򱻾ɱ˿㶨д鷳
лͷ
ֺΤһҪѾҲȥ㴫뿪ȴûע⵽óɱΤʱȴԱһɱֿǰŸ뿪ɱֱ
ţһţм˹ĸţɫһ²͵ļӿ졣
ãҪܡɱһ׷
ġһŭȾܡ
վסվס
վסɱɵĵؿһɱ֣һ磬ŲԶĳųȥ
һ׷һӣܿ˫
СӣܣҾɱؽʬΡһС۾ɱִŴŭϡ
ȻɱңҾͳȫǡǰȻͣ£Ťͷ׷ɱɱ֣һĮ
ȻľٶЩɱֺ⣬ǻѸٵĳȥΧ
ǾɱˣؿС۾ɱʵΪʲô׷᣿
ΪʲôС۾ɱЦӵоɱȴֲҾɱˣɱҾɱִ£ӶõɱɱҾɱ֮ˣСӣ˭ɡ
ͫһٴʵΤָоɱ
Τ֣С۾ɱһ㶣漴Ц˵ǸϢİɣƾϢǣҲ
ԣüͷøˣ㲻Էǹڣ治Τָǵġ
ٴ֮ʱڡһĨɱ
ѱȻɱˣС۾ɱһؿ졣
Ȼ֪˲֪ģǾ͹ֲˡ߶ڵ飬һٽʵӰһΪһӰ˲С۾ɱǰ

һȣһȭӳݺݵĺС۾ɱֵ֮ϣֻõһȭͷȫݽС۾ɱֵţࡣ
һɱһˣӰٴһ漴㴫һ֮֮ͣʱɱȫ˫ۣһ־ؿ죬Ƭ֮˶Ѫĵ¡


080 رץ
һȺСҲҪҵǲ֪һмؿɱ֣ǲǾɱײ֮ˣʵǿĲʦԽʵ죬ôֵܵס
ͣתȥ߳Զ㿴۵Τֵ֡û°ɣҸղ˵㱻һȺɱ׷˳£͸
㿴µô쵭Ц
û¾ͺáΤһһƨڵϣһߴŴһߵҲãղûע⵽ԱˣҲᱻЩɱŵɱֶϡ
ô֪Ǿɱŵˣüͷһ壬Եúǲ졣
ɱŵƽʱأҲû֪˭ǵˣǸղ׷ɱ㣬Ȼǿɱˣ˾ɱ֮ˣ˸Ϊ˶׷ɱġΤֽ͵ֻҪɱֹһʱ䣬еĵ
ԭ˵ͷΤѲٴû¾߰ɡ
߰ɡΤվһųȥ
ҪǣͻȻĿ֮гһϤӰһĨɱ⣬ɻô
˭أΤ˳Ŀ⿴ȥһƫݣɫӳ֮Уء
ܵɢɱ⣬Τֵʵг𣿡
δɱңҪĽ¡Ц
ǻʲôϽȥ°Τִߴٵ
̫࣬СĻ˵Щͨˡҡҡͷ˳˵
˵֮⣬ñأɫæûзǣҴųȥ
ۿΧѾûˣȻ٣Ӱһصǰ档
أû뵽Ȼڸǣò˵ĵӿ󡣡أɱ
죡ɫһ䣬ˣȴΤѾĺ·ס
ۿѾû·ˣؾ죬ʵ֮ȴ͸һη塣
֪ɱ˳ֻҪȥŴҵ潫˳ָʹһ˵һ
컰δ˵꣬رУ϶ҶɽûҲܻ죬Ҫָ϶ϣǲܵġ
ɽһؿЦ㸸Ϊս涨ǿһֱԵõһٽҵĸ㽫ΪĸҲԽ
ǵõʲôʮңĸ׽УĸǮƣΪ˳Ǯȥ٣ȴ˴ð˳ɾ£Ϊ˱ľ֮Ϊ
ĸ֮ûǮβʲôԭɵģ˳ɰռ涨ǵĲǶʮңһٽңĸ׿ûǮβô˳ɰ涨ĸнȻߣܻ룬ǻɽգĸβǮûô
ֻ֮øǶʮңΪûôǮ֧ǣһϺ˵㲻ĸ֮ûܽҲԼѡģΪѹ࣬ҪˡرȴԵúܿհ
ǺǡЦһȻʲô壬ÿҲʮңòһٽҵĸ֮˶࣬ǶΪ˳ԼãҲסСԺжˣֻҪԺˣһߴð˴̵ȫڸЩû¿͵Ǯ
Щ˵ֻҪԸ⣬һᰲŲĸˣԼĽڣҺ̹׵ĸ㣬˳ɴӸ֧ĸȫһ٣Щ˿ɲġ
Ҫ֪ӱشɱ֮˺úõصأЩϢȫ˵֪ȫ֤ʵ
ϲˡɫҰףȫʧķһ㣬૲ϡ
ʲôˣȴЩ㶼£֮ǰ¶˵ǣ󲻵ǱɱǵļҲˣЩİɣ
ֻ˶ѣҲʲôˣ˵㲻ʲôȴһȫ𣬶Щ˶ڶͬѪ˷ָ鶼ʲôġ
Һ׵ĸ㣬˳Щ겻ѣüֵûˣԥɱ㡣


081 
ǣǣҲţҾŶϻôزͣҡͷ˫ץͷЩһֱڱ֮У˵˳һжǶԵģͻȻ˵˾Ȼĳˣһвνܵˡ
𣿡ЦҪǶһģ
ôģؾˮ֮ץһݰ㣬һڴؿ죬ȴȻž衰ƭҺϣʲô˵ġ
ܼ򵥣Ұ㱻ץϢ˳ɣô㣬Ҿ䣬ˣ׷ǰɱҵ顣˳ɲ㣬ɱ㣬ͱ뽫Щȫ˵˵
áس˫ۣӦ
Ҵһصһűҵˣͺ±һ㣬صضǵȥС֣رץסˣҵһѿš
үôԾʵ
ؿ˳ɱҵģ˳ƹô꣬ȻҸ׽ȨЧ˻ǲ٣һѺػ¸սǣᱻ֪һЦصʱرɣôָ˳Щ그أ
һ㶣һؿ조үģȥˡ
šͷھȥҸףֻҪڣ˳ɱظܡ
˷ɿųȥҲҴҵȥɣǸߣԱ߻֮б߳һйһɿ˳ڷɱȥ
⣬˺ܿҵΤ֣ΤԱߵһôϣһͷɢѪ۵ˣȻغơ
˸Ҫ߽鿴أΤӰһǰЦģԲ£ֻүĸ
ֻ뿴͵˼Ͼ˵ѣ˶Τֱ㹻𾴡
һ֮˶ѣʲôÿġΤֹһЦǵǱȥɡ˵˱Աȥ
ȻΤô̫⣬뵽ѣҲͲٶ˵
ֵܣҪҪȵƣǺþӴһҶġΤָ£ӻóһµľƺ
˵䲻ּңû߲Ƶģˡ
лӹƺһ򿪸ӣʱһŨľɢõֱ̿ˮ
Ȼ仹ûƺõߣԱһƿ
һһץԾȴÿһӰǰŵǰ
áһͳȥų嵽һ룬һصĲǰһ漴ͷ׷ɶ
ͬʱԶҲ׿㣬ؾǰ棬˳ˡ
ӰһԭҪǳȥģ֮ȴȻһתΪһ⣬Զȥ
Ƭ֮ɷɱһˣһүԲûסأɱˡ
ԣɫһ䣬Ťͷȥǰ֮ѾûͷֵǣͷȻûѪ
ƺһ㶼û֣ǺһЦ˷˾˰ɣûʲô¡
үûû취Ը˳ˡһɥĵ
˭˵ûء˵ţŲԶĲݴȥɡ
£һɫףȫ˫۱ŨԹԲݴ֮˳
أһӣ˱㾪ղŲǱɱô˵ţŤͷǰϵˣͷʬȻš
ÿˣǲһ˶ѡЦΪľ˳ɵĿ
˵ţһЦؿأղŵһжӦû˰ɣ
˳ɣȻ㲻ʣǾͱҲ塣˫ȭգҧÿ졣
ûСӳ˻֮⣬ܴһЦؿ죬Ȼ첢û˵ԭ򣬵Ѿˡ
ֻأû˵
ãʱи߲㾡룬ȫһɻؿɣðΣϲʵ֪к£
һۣɳұչ⼸꣬ڶϵĹ֮±仯٣Щ仯ЩҵģҲңΥҵļҹ棬֪֮ǰΪҲڣԴҲôѳأҲýЩ鴦ˣֻԽԽΣ
Ȼ˵²ϲŭһ⻰ȫɫ䣬˳ύoһ֪鷳


082 ֤
˲˵ҲôһЦؿˣȫڣǴϣҲ֡
ϾɱǰΪչĸӣȴûоΣί
ð죬̲סɵΥҹȻô¶֤ݲС˼ܼ򵥣㴦˭ԣܹˡ
Ȼû֤ô˷أɺǺһЦóһʱ˳ɵ⼸ղ鿴һ¸еĿȷʵǰ˲٣Щˡ
˳û˵ȴ˫ȭգȫ΢΢زһھͶԼȻԼ鷳
Ȼк֮ȴòܣǰһˣɱʵǿ̫࣬ҳĳ֮⣬λ϶վǱߣ˳ɸûа취κ
˵ţһת֧ȴǰ˱࣬о飬ܶص֧ĿڣУĿΪս֮ÿ֧һٽңǵļȴֻ쵽ʮңϴΪһ¡
˳Ȼû˵ʱɵ˫ѱó죬Թ˵λ϶ؿ˳ɣȻЩǸ֪
ϲ˵ĬЩĻЩС£м˵ɱ˳ɡ
˳Ȼ˵Цһ⣬涨Υ棬κɱǶ֪֮ǰкüΪ¶֮ʱɱǵļҲɱˣ¾ҵ飬ǶΪ֪кνͣ
һɺԡ˳ס͵վ˫۾ħһ㶢ɣ֪Ҳң¶ý֤ݡ
Ψһ֪µֻأ֮ǰѾɱõó֤ݡ
ȻѾ˵֤Ȼеġɻһڣ˳ɫʱ䣬漴㿴ɶһ֣һʮ꣬Ŀ䣬һ˫۱Թã˽
ؽ˳ȫһһĨŨصɱȵͽȻһҾҪִ档
δ£˳ѻΪһ磬س˹ȥ
Ҫִ棬Ҳò㡣һߣӰ˳ɵǰһƶȭͷͻ˹ȥ
䡭
һ˳ɵ˳ȥһֱ˳Զͣ¡
֮ǰѾһɱڣھȻڣ㲻̫ôվؿ˳ɡ
Сû˵ķݡ˳ɾһͷŭʨŭ
Ϊʲôû˵ķݡЦɱңһҪأΪʲôҲ˵
ˣҪˡһϵɨ˳һۣĿתϣˣǰڸ㡣
һ񣬵ҽأ֮ˡ
Ҫ˵ЩʲôĿصϣȻϻƽϲŭ˶˵̫ࡣ
ڵԣѾҪѹ˳ɣȻĴѹԼŴѹ˳ʹЩɵֶΡ
ر֤ˣ¶˳ΥֶΡ
ڴ˵Ȼ˳ɸ˲յ飬Ͼҵĳϣҵľҵһ֧
ûش𣬶Ťͷ˳ɣԹص˳ɣΪôͷȻҪɱңȻ㲻ʣǾͱҲ塣
˵ţҲٹ˳ΪŭŤŴϵϣҽǽ¶˳ЩΪ
ڶ˳ɿǺ֮ǣһھ̵ĺˮ϶ʹ˺üɫûտڡ
صĻ˵Ҳľѣ˳ɲ̰ۼǮƣδɱ죬ɱ˲ٲˣоͰǼС˵µˡ
ܵ˵֪ļʮ飬þ϶ɫףȫ΢΢
˳ɲۣʼһָ࣬ܿȻֱؽ˵꣬ЦԭʮĶ˰֪ó֤ݡ
ɫһ䣬˳µˮ©Щ¶ǿͷԸôõó֤ݡ
ò֤ݣ˳ɹЦ漴ɫһ䣬˫ɱò֤ݾһݺңΪ˼ҵ˴ɽϣңĻǳϻᡣ
ɫòҰףʱ֮ǰҲü
Ȼģ֪ɻ֤ݣϿɡ


083 ֵ
ϣ֪ǵļʵ𣬵ֵ֮飬޶˴ɱǰҲ֪ûоԼΣ֪ˣٲʣԺҸףһӦô
ҲٴǱĪɫ˳ɵȻ˵Щȷʵò֤ݣ̰ۼǮƴʮңɱ飬оݿɲ飬Ҳ֤Щ
˳û˵ֻվһԹؿɡ
ȻĬϣǾͰ졭ɻδ˵꣬ϱ廰ҽȥ˳ɳ֮λ⣬ڻкܶûвȽصԺһв
ԣȫһ㶣ܿǱ˼ԭǲɴ˳ɣȻ֤ݰǰȻҪһ
Ҳͬϵ˼Ҳվ֮
Ҳͬ⡣
Ҳͬ⡣
峤Ϻĳ϶վʾͬʵ˳棬벻޹ϵΪ˱˳һҲֻڡ
ǿɲ˵Ҫ˳һΪżĹأǳҲΥȻģǻģ취еġ
Ҳͬ⡣ΰ˲ٷŹ˳ɣҲ˵ķԣϵصȻ˳ɻûвǴɱһ㹻Ҳٲ顣
ڹڼô飬ϼලͻȻ˵
һ˶ɫ䣬˳ɶû뵽ϾȻΪ˱ϧԼвɡ
ɫҲѿڼ֮еߣܣʱϡĳϡ峤˶һۣȫɵһֱڱչأ֮ڹڳô飬Ǽල
ɿλϣгϣǸǲܵģ˳ɣֲʡ
֮ðɣǾͽ˳ύo˹ؽԺˣȫ֮ٴ
ϣһŭתȥ
ܳȥһŭصףѵ¾ôˣ
ЩϼһﻤʱҲֻˡ̾һεصһɣȰĳ֮λˣûȨ֡
ֻǽԺ̫ˡŭص˵ǼȻԸͽǵĳ֮ȫˣҵҪô죿
ԺǼ֮ЩĳϵĵطǰԺãϽ˳ûд˼
ǺǡɲһЦôȷʵܽǲܵģȻϻԼķչʱĻӰ죬ǶƺһЩǺõģԣϻ᲻ȥǴ½ϵĴͳҲǼ巢չҪ
Ȼ첢ôΪҲûзԣֻε̾ϢðɣǾһ콫ĳ֮λȥûȨʰҲ׶ˡ
ȻͻȻҡͷȻ˳ɣΪ˱ʵ˥ʵôҲΪ˵ҡ
һɻɽ͵ҳȻһ£ѽܶȨջУ˳ɣиλеȨҲٲ٣һеΣҽȨߣǼܿգǲվ˳ɣԴʩѹͬʱҲǸңǹŽᣬһֵܹġ
ôüͷ壬˼һҲȻȨ˭ϲ˭ҲԸ⽫ԼеȨȥ
Ȩ˭ϲЦҲ⡣
һ£˳ɱ츳٣ʵ֮ԱҲΪѴ󲿷ݾȨ֮ϣڱؽԺɰĵҹƲӦò˶ãͻƵʱԸ͸ˣϾÿһλһ˵ǷǳҪġ
㸸˵òԺһСġҲʱ
һСĵġͷŤͷأʲô㣿
ңزؿ죬ɻѵ㲻ɱң
ɱ㣿һЦ㱻ץס֮ʱ˳ɵУڵˣȻΪңȴ㣬Ծһղǰָ˳ɣ˳һϵλҲˡ


084 ά
ԣֻ·ѡһ뿪ǣԴ½ڶңȻ޷㱣֤ʲôȴĴ㣬Ҳ֤ȫ
سˣ˼˺ð죬̧ͷԱߵɣΪɣ졣
ǱģĴɱҲȻȨҲЦ
лүɱ֮Ժҽ׷档
һ忴úصˣĸҲټңڴɱʧ֮ҲˣΪ᲻뿪ǣΪļԸץסĻᡣ
ΪľҡһЦǰطǵɵ˻ԼסСԺ
ڶһ磬𴲣˹һڱҪأΪǴɱҪ֣Ҳ׿˵˳ָʹɱҳԱȻ޷֤ɱ˳ָʹɱģ͵ô
Ȼǽ˴ߣΪ˫֣ɣɳȥ
Ƭ֮󣬴ϴϺ峤ϱСԺ֪ǻһǣһǺЦŴкλϣ첻֪ʲô磬ȻλҵСԺ
һ񣬴ϳղߣ˵֪ʲô˼
ûʲô˼Ҵ¡Ҳûпֱ˵Լ˼
ɱ˺üˣ봦ôǷǳ׵ġ
ɱˣûɿڣ˳ɱЦǿ֤ݣ
Ҫʲô֤ݣԼ׿ڳˡ
ʲôЦҲ̫˰ɣЦ˵ɱ˾ɱˣҪʱֻǿЦô˵أΪһ仰ɱˣ⹫ƽô
˭ҪΪԼ˵ĻеΡĮؿ졣
û뵽һ֮ʧޱʹĵҡͷϧȴôǿһôɱˣһѰ
һϵɫһӱ࣬˫ŭ죬Ȼүﻹû˵ķݡ
˭˵û˵ķأɲص֮ΨһĶӣҲδļѾѧŴôû˵ķݣ
Ӱ˱ǳϻͬ⣬ȻǼҲһܹ˾ġϲصǹϵҵδǾ
һЦ涨ɵϵΪ֮ܳ˵ΣȻǶʿȴһս֮˭ȣ
λһ峤ϼ˫Խ˵Խ󣬸ϽȰ˵δһ˵Ϊʱ磬ǽĿĿǴص顣
ǾصģԺ˵ؿɵؽɣ
ǲܵġһ㶼òЦ֤֤ȷʵɱˣ뽫˴ߡ
Ͽ湫ƽزֻ˵һԼɱˣûκ֤֤ȷʵ㶼Ҫɱ˳ȴеĴɱң֤֤ȴά֪Ҫ֪ǻкθ룿Ц᲻ΪڴУЩϵ޹ؽҪֻǳϵΪҪΥҲԲش
㡭˫һӱͨ죬ڳ൐в֪ͨΪ϶۵ſ¾ͻᵴȻ޴档
ۿϱ˵ýѣ֪ôʱ峤ٴγҿɣʱסǵÿˣϾڵɲСҵ֤ݣ
û⡣ɵǺˬشӦ
ߣҲٶ˵һתȥ
ǳַˡǿҡͷ
Բ𣬶ΪҡЩĵ
ǣһҷˣһҶӣǱ۸ҶվһôɹһЦҲǼһжΪǸҲ֧ңҾ͸ҳǵĳϡ
˵ţŤͷǡҲòǹΪѣϾô궼ûˣҾΪ峤ϡ


085 Ϯܼ
ʲôһĸ׳Ϊϣûɣ
УʲôҲҡͷ
㲻ضʲôֻҪ֧ҾͳɡЦҪľϵݣһ֧ңǲ֧֣ܶҲôöࡣ
ҳϴ˵ǵĵصǲӦġ
ǰ֮Զ˵ϣΪȢҪôûʵҪôʵ£ϵʸ񡣡Цȴͬڿʵǿߣ㶼ûʸ񵱳ϣЩ˾͸ûʸ񵱳ˡ
˵ˣҼҹҲûй涨Ͳܵϡ
ðɡǵͷ˵ֻҪܹﵽɷӣʲôԣοֻǵһϡ
ܼңźȥıӰȫʧɫ˲ȫμ̫̰ˣҪұƵ̫ǾԲӦġ
Ӧʲô취ҽռǵвҵһμңסǡܺӢҲһĿɬ
Ȼ̸УμҴӦֵֵңɺμҲʨӴ󿪿ڣܼҵƿصɽҪһǿ൱ܼһĲƲ
ڻƼҾ͸ңԭյɽܼҴЩμҪһȨ֮⣬ＸڻƵĲҵҲμҽҪߣôһ£Ҫ˻Ƽҽ߳ɵĲҵ
õûĶڵѪҪұƵ̫ܾμңҵ뿪ǡ
֣ҲˣֻҪ屣£ԺЩٻġܺӢοŻҲڰοԼ
ٻ¶һĨЦڵĵңսǳԵͷʣ
һܺӢɫʱһ䣬̸Ҳоˣμұй޲Ҳûа취
Ըɡ˶š
ҡ
ڼһ߳ȥҪǳΪϣڵλĻ󣬳峤û˵֮⣬Ϻ϶ԡ
ȻǲҲû
ȴƫҪôĻ˵ȻûҲûȷ涨Ͳܵϡ
Ǽ޽֮ˣȻҲˣοʵѾﵽϺ峤ϣܵϣϺ峤Ͼ͸䵱ϡ
˫ִ˰죬ҲûȥԶﴫķŭŭˣֱӿҪ洦˳ĳϣʧ֮ȫȥ֮λ
˻һס˴Ϻϣʶһֱû˵峤ϼʱվУմϲòͬǳΪϣ⡣
ģǣʵǿȻѹҪǵҽǿʯôнʵԼСԺɣȴ֪
ղܼ̽ӴϢܻμҵ̸Ѿɡ峤һܵСԺܻڸ֮󣬺μѾӦǶԸǡ
üͷ壬û˵ð֮ſ峤ʵʲô˼
û˵ʲôֻ⡣峤ϿЦ
峤ͨԶΪԶȨĮԺٲ뵽֮УΪǵϵϵֻΪ츳ߣʵǿųΪϣڳ֮еλ͡
ԼγϻֿΪϻһԱòվڳһߣȴ˵ʲô󲿷ݶڳ䵱У˵ɵҲûʲôìܣű֪ͨɡ
ǿҼûܼ壬Լڵ˽⣬ΪǰɣһЦؿ峤ϣ峤ֻһЦȴ˵ʲô
Ȼ⣬Ҿɡɿ峤ϣͻȻǺ
һ̸ˣڻٳǵ·ϡ
뿪ͺá͵վи֣ͻϮܻҡ
Ǹʲô峤ɫһ䡰ǿǸμҴﵽЭ飬˵˹ϵǺμǶ޷Ը
Ϊ֪ͬʱңڲͻϮҡɫ࣬Ŀ絶Ҹ̸ɣμҵĸҪܵʰҵʱȺμҸֵʱͲʰǣʰǡ
⡭峤һ˼ɵ˼ȥ
Ȼϻìܣϻһңһ峤ɾһ˼취ǳãͷͬ⣬Ѹٽ˶ټ˹


086 
ôˣɿվڴ˳ύoɻʵ
սϵȻִɱ죬ҲˣȻҪμӡύo
˳ɣû˵
һۣɵ˵ͷǾȥɡ
˵ţŤͷǣãξ鷳ػˡ
Ȼһȥλ֮ɹʽܶ࣬ϴεľҲҽʵȫߡ
ԼСĵ㡣صͷ
ĸ׷ģһػø׵ġЦһ¡
ҲҪȥǲؿ죬ֿɣûɿڣЦȻˣϴҾûȥһȥ
һ£ҲͷȥɣڵʵҲǸȥˡ
Ǿȥɡǵͷ
ܼΧһƽŵĵĿһ죬ȴû֣ΧͻȻߡ
ֵܣôһӳôأһɨһ۴ϣһɻ
ԣŤͷһҲһɻ
ԣЩ˿Щ죬֮ˡӳɫ䣬ϧѾˣûʾѾϵ߱ɵһͺ֮£ɱȥ
ɱ
ɱ߾һȺҰǰ㣬ܸ˽ȥǼŵȴǰɸһء
á
ܺӢһɱɫʱһ䣬ץ⣬һţ㿴Ժӵɱܼ֮ˡ
Ϊҳ̫ͻȻܼ֮ǰûһ׼ڱҵһһӱȫס
ЩͨҲʧĴأܼ˵ǣӰǣȴͬһܼˣߣͨˣ־һڵء
ӺųˡܺӢһֵסҲǿܼ󣬶Լ˫ۣӽɱܼߵɳȥ
ɣȥ
һһܼߣ˳ŤͷȥЦܺӢء漴ҲٹЩܼͨߣӰһܺӢȥ
磬˲㵽
䡭һݺݵĺһһѸ˿ܺӢһʮףֱһסͣ£ֻ˳ѡ
һУ
䡭
ܺӢվȣδüѹǷڵѪĴһ漴ϣǱϵġ
ܺӢʮǰֲ㽫ձǳ֮ʱһĨŨصɱ⣬һȣӽȥ
°ܽɡܺӢɫͨ죬ȫǣһͷħ㣬ʲôˣҲŽɳȥ
ܼҺš
ǰǳɱһɻؿүҲȥɣٵ˶ɱˣǿɾͰˡ
ֱʤ̣֮ȻһΣգȴ͵ûᣬԺĻɾˡ
ʱ򡣡쵭Ц˵֮䣬Ťͷһ˳ɣ˳˫ۣͺʲô¶޹һ㡣
ү̫Σˡ仢죬˵һҪɱ㣬һûУʱ֣Ǹ͵ס
Ҿҳ֡Ц
֮˳ɸ󣬾˳ɳֻ֣Ҫһ֣Գûɱʱ֪Ҳ޻˵
ʧǣǷֿôã˳һֱô˫ۣûһֵľٶ
ҵҪ̵ʲôʱ򡣡Ц
ֵһܸɱԽԽ󣬶źŷƶ
׼ҪˡһͺȣȫܸĺΧ˹ȥ
˵ϣɱеģ档˳ȻڵӣͲһ˳ɸ۶û
ԭ컹Ϊ˳Ǹ߰Ƣ϶ᵱŭ֣Գû˳ɸɵɽȴ˵ʧ
ۿܸɱԽԽûʱ˳Ɇ£һۣĿһתܼҵĺš
¡һ죬Ȼ򿪣һȺѪŮ׶еܼ˱澪
ɱ
ͻȻһȣͳȥ
ɱ
ͬʱŭһȥ
ˡ
иǸӳܼ˴ƬƬĵ߽£һʱ֮Ѫ꣬ɡ


087 
ãˡһܼ߻δ˵꣬㱻һڲϣѪһĨһѣɱȥ
ѾˣڶʱҲ׵ʶĲпᣬھ֮Ҳľ
һɱܼҳһûӵЩ׼ӳܼһΣ׷ת𴦡
ҳ塣
һӣһȣʿĽ޾ɱ֮˽ȥ
һܸǾŵܼڷɱԷˣҲ׵ķˣ˽ȥ
ʱһֱ˫ۣͺ޹ص˳ҲȻ֣ľٶȴһëȻΪǱץסܼˣȫҰһ˺顣
ɣöȻܼЩͨ˶ŹŴӺɱˣܺӢȫ
컻ɱңŹһ𣿡Ц
ܺӢ籾ǿΪǿǰûлȨģܼ֮ɱңȻҲŹһˡ
úãɣܼҲҪᡣܺӢŤȫɱһħһ㡣
ԭĻɻΪҪƴˣȴû뵽Ļ˵꣬תһСԺȥ
ӡһ£ܺӢľٶ̫ˣȷӦ㻯Ϊһ׷ȥ
ˡܺӢľٶҲ췢֣ԭдȥæģȴִ־մѽѷ֣ӰһҲСԺ׷˹ȥ
ܺӢٶȺܿ죬գ۱㵽СԺſڣûȥСԺ֮б㴫һףѾ׼ˡ
£һʮĺһһͷ󳵳֮ϣװþִ죬һ׳
䡣ܺӢһŭȣӵ
ݡƿȻڿһһ˿
󣿡һ󳵣׷ɫȻ䣬ϧѾˣֻղ̫죬ٶҲ̫ˡ
ãΣաȻ첻֪ʲôܵƿʶ
˫һŵ棬һڵ˳ȥ

еֻöһͷƤƿһţֻݺݵĴϣõȫеһʹҲǹɾ޴ĳɳȥ

ŵɳȥ죬˫˲Ѫ죬Ӱһȥ䱧ڻС
ôˣɼʵſǻӿΪ˾ԼȥôǽҪ֪ЩΪǱԼҪ
ԭΪˣҪ֪֮ԳΪΪƿķǿֻҪûﵽʣ߱
ֻǳļѣɹʼͣҲҪܸߣټ½ϸûм˻쳣ϡ٣ƼҲδóһܣôû뵽ܼҾȻһܡ
û뵽ڿһ֮󣬾Ȼ¶һĨЦף˵Ҫñ֪ҼȻˣô
㡭Ŀɿڴؿ죬ðŻعû£
߹Ƕϣ˵û¡˵ţ¶һĨʹı顣
Ƕ߹ǣɻǲ̫ţȻ߹ôܡ
߹ǻʲôѵҪ˲Ÿġŭؿ˳ɡУ»ȥ֮һҪ˵ĸ
¾Ͳøĸ˰ɣ컹о죬Ҳ׵һ
˵˾Ҫˡ쿴һܺӢˡҿɸ㣬Ǹˣҿ϶ĸס
ģܲˡɽڵϣȫȻһǿƣܺӢ
һȣɾһֻ˼ȥ
ã׿ߡΪûбɱ͵ܺӢڷӦϽˣɱŭеʵȫ˸ܲˣֻ֮ӲƴûܺӢĶӱ㱻ˣҪܺӢȵÿ죬Ǹ˾͸ˡ
磬ԲˣСûáСſǻȻ
СôأҪҶûˡҡͷȫΪ̫˵ģֲؼףôܵס
ףһ·û𣬴ϺȻķǿҲһ㣬ǵסĳ


088 ܼ
ղŵ׽ס䲻ǿȻж٣Ȼˡ
ؼף㲻ʱֻᱻɣȻؼ״Ҳܲ
ؼ׵𣬸ŵȱ㣬Զԣ컹Ǹϲף״ϱ˷ֲˣܹ𵽸õķ
ؼ״ϣһ֪϶취Ƴؼס
磬̫áСмѣδ˵꣬ͻȻ㴫һС磬Ǹһˡ
ţһ㶣Ťͷһÿ˳һ߹
һݣʱ˲ᣬûʵԸ
һ˼˳ͻȻʵɱң
˳û˵һıƽ
ҿɸ㣬ҸҲҺңұ֤ҵǰ档ٴδ˵ϴ˺ܶࡣ
ԱߣɱܼߵύoĻŤͷһ۱㿴˳һƽ
ɫһ䣬ύo֣Ӱһǰ䵲󣬶˳ɵϣҪʲô
˵Ҫʲô˳һĨЦ֮ԳΪȫΪСҲɱͷڶ
ϣ㻹Ѱɡύoɫصص֪ɱʲôһϣĲ㣬ʱһֱάǵĴô죿
ѵҪôϳڼսôʱô죬һ˳ͻҲˣЩ
ˣ˳һؿύo˾͸ÿС˲ᣬҪɱ׾٣ʲôҲе
Ҳ£ЩͨһЩ顣ύoҡҡͷ̾Ϣ֮Իӣ󲿷ԭԸɣ̫ӣ˵֮䲢ûжĶԹ
˵㻹ˡ˳Ц˵䣬ǰߣύoֻвס
ύo֪ôȰ˵˳֮ʣһŭ˳ɱ𣺡ʲôҴΪǳΡ
ϡύoɫһ䣬Ͻһ
ϡ˳ȻɫѿԴϣǲ񣬱Ͼûдϱͱɸɱˡ
ܼвѾӳȥˣȥ׷ܵһͱϺƸ֪ʲôһȵ
ǡύoӦת뿪Ȼ˳ɺܲԸôһѵõĻᣬд֪ԼûлᣬֻóԹؿһۣתȥ
ԼСĵ㣬ܼ˲١Ͽһۣϵһ䣬תȥ׷
ȥıӰ¶һĨЦ⡰ЩϼһȻϲϣУԶǷڵһλġ
үôˣѪܹŵ֮ϾȻڵѪղһôһת۾Ͳˣ
û¡ǺһЦֻǶ߹Ƕѡ
ԣ˶ɫһ䣬֮ʱǿر𽻴һԣˣû뵽ھȻ߹ǡ
ǲصģĸײǵġЦЦóҩ£
ҲûٲμӴսվǰ󣬽
ݡãһһͷ׷ɶ
һĺܺӢ﷢漴һ㣬˫ۣҪɳȥ
ɱҸƴˡ
£˵ܺӢѳ嵽ɵǰ˸Ľãɵͷȥ
һĨЦӰһܹܺӢһܺӢ֮ʣһ
ǰеܺӢͻȻеԼһᣬоԣͷһȴԼѾϰȫǹǰ֮ڰա
ʹܺӢһĲҽУȻأƬ̱ҲûϢ
ϡԶ־տܺӢ£һİɾΪһ˲ķһҺ־շӦʱӵһһ۵ղסеĽ
־գû뵽ҲнɣЦɱ־׷òҲ̶ã־ϣҲ㱻־Խһ־ա
飬Ҳ⣬ȻˣܼҲ½ϣǿ಻ʤһҲᲽܼҵĺ󳾡־ף


089 ĺݶ
ͻȻ죬ܼңܼ־аǣֻлδ£һӣѶһѪۣƬ֮ǷѪű
־յľٶ黹ȥɶǲ첻ѣһۣȻɱ⵹ǳ˵Ԥϡ
ȷ־Ҳٶ룬תԱߵսȦʼɱܼʣ֮ˡ
Ƽҡ
һѪܼε߹ڻǰƼȾܼңٲȥˣɳ߽ܼңǸֵס
ɫѿ˼㣬һֱûб̬һſܼʵȷҽ߶˳
ǵģԼҼȫڣǸҲڡܼ߼
߰ɣһƼѱԮܼҡһĮܼߣΪ֮ǰ
Ƽôϴҽǿɶʱȡܼһʣ˫и˸ŭ
ȥһ֣߽ߡ
û߶֣ǹڻǰܼ߱վһԹؿŻΪľڵģܼˣ¸Ƽҡ
ϣܼ߷ߺȥ
ܼȫϢƼҵһһص˵òܼˣҲŹǵġ
ҼȻܼңǾűʤİգʱǸϹȥҲҡҡͷһƼڵʵȥܼôĪʱ˲ɣԼ͡
һ£ٴοڵʰѾûǻƼҵ֮ˡ
ɡλҴĳɫ䣬֮һȰ˵ǿһƼҵĸ뿪һƼʲôûˡ
ǰǲ뿪һҲȰ˵ǶԸңѾμҴˣ죬ǱɳǰʱǾͲҡ
̫ˡεҡͷμȷʵѾǽˣܼҵ֮£ǺܼϣͲҲμֻҪɳѹңǲûжӰ죬ܴõ޶棬ȻӦ
ȴͬûܼң⿿ǻƼңҪѹңμұɳ֣һ붼ϵȻμЩʵǼǰɴﵽҲˣǻҪѹٳǵֳܷϵ
ûǾҲʱһ·ûУ뿪Ȼǻʧأ˱ˣǱϣ
λ϶û˵䲻ʣǵͷͬ
ô뿪ǲ̫ˡһλϺǲʵĵ
ȻҡһĨŨصɱЩͨʰ뿪ǣһ벻߸ߡ
Ҫȥʲôһλɻʵ
һĨЦʱȫܼңΪҪȥɱ⣬һѻҸˣҪǵõǶð
ԣλϾɱǡ

ȡϴεĽѵ˳һߣʣµ˶ټϷأЩ׳˶Ҳ
Ҫ֪ΪһڸǷչ꣬һֱܻҴѹ˿Զң߾͸٣Ϊһܼңμ֣Ҳ־Ҳֻʣʮߡ
ȻϴҪһЩһȴ˿Ĵ⣬ϾǻвȻЩûϵĲ࣬Ȼû
Ҷע⣬ȼÿ˶ԵõһҵĽ͡Ǹ˵Χԣȫһһǿ൱µ롣
ˣһһߴæͷǻƼҼƻ
áɫ΢䣬ȵϴţΧǽ
ǡ׷ܳ
һ¡űϣţһϰٵߣΪ֮ǻ
Ķ졣վΧǽڵϣ¶ӣһЦؿĻ
仰Ӧ˵Ŷԣҵж죬μ˸ߣǾжǳϡЦһҲϻҳ壬ɱˣչңҪǻʱѳһƬ档


090 кܶ
ɱңչҡһ˫ۣһȥ֮ǰǶѾ֪Ҫ뿪ǣʱһɻ
䡣Ҳ£һ֣׼õ˶ʱеһʱ֮ɣ嵽ǰĻƼߵѣкü˱ˣŵûƼæˡ
ԭ׼¶һĨЦҵҪã
һ֣ӿһŹߣźüŻҲһ˳
ϼŻѵߵǰϵȼ
ã׼л㡣ɫһӱòҰףԶӴŻ𣬸Ͳͨ˿Եֵġ
䡣ûи׼Ļᣬһ£衣
ݡ
һƿȻǰǵĻ󣬾ͽӶΧǽ֮Բûˣȴ˺ܶطȼա
Ƭ̣ΪһƬ𺣡
ü˶ҳȻ𡣡Եܻ𺣣ļ٣һҶһ˵̫ҪұգҽܻҲʧأʵ궼ָԪ
æµ˶˳ЩŮˣȻЩϡִµүСҲǺ˳˶衢Ͱˮá
˽æȻ죬һ񱻼ڻһ㣬˶ˮ͸ȫ
ڸ⣬ܼ֮˿ȼŵܴ𣬶ĴЦͺڷйеķŭһ㡣
һһƼߵʵǲǳߡ
ߣһ˵ߣ¶һĨ̬ɱһƼ϶ǸɱˣڸǱƵǲò뿪Ƿһѻյô
˵ţͻȻߣȵҳ壬ھȻ𣬳ȥɱǡ
ɱһٴγȥ
һĻƼˣɫ䣬к˸Ͻֵ䣬ǳ
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ײţ塣һӣЩ䷭ڵأϵĻƼˣָҴŸ
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ײײţɱȥɱˡڻ֮£ײţһװľ죬ÿһζôһŴŵΧǽѡ
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˼һ£ʻʵ֪ͨɳȥûУ
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áɫ䣬һͺȡ˶źҲҪǵڸ⣬ǵļңǽһ
ǡԣ˫һӶˣһȫɢűϢȥ
ܼҡ
սͣϢܼ˾ɱܼܵһ۵ĲƸҲȫ˳װ˼ʮ󳵣׼˻ҡ
ôˣɿŻ˵죬һǵʵ
ү޴󰭣Ϣȫ乧Ļش
һһ뵽ղΣĺ󱳾һҪǳʲô£λȥǽ
ܿɻǿǳУҲɥղſͬʱʶΪʲôֻǶ߹أ
Сӻвأ¶Цݡ
Цݸո֣һ߱Զæһϵľ֮ɫɫʱһ䣬ʵô£ʲôˣ
²ãһȺϮǸơ߼˵
˵ʲôеȫһ˫͵һƬѪ죬ǱҪһ㣬ŵ߶һ
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091 ɱϮ
ףھͻȥվҪܡ
һȥҲæվ
Ҳһ𡣡˳֮⣬λȫվ
֮ͽ٣ôණ϶ۺ죬ǱЩýʮ˵ģԺ󻹿׳ңáɵԸڵĻƼңҺ㹻
δ£˱ӰһΪ⣬Զ
ҳٶظϡһͺȣһվϣһܼƷδװ
ҪˡϼҪЩˡ
ǡǳصĻܡ
ףߣ͵Ȼڵһʱʹ߶ڵ齫ʵ񣬵ȣǲ˲٣ٶȸ׷ϣʹɲòٶȵ
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ݡ
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áɫ䣬ϧκεķӦǰãݺݵ֮ϡ
һĲҽȻ£Ȼ£Ϣ
Ƭ֮һλŽ£ڲ߳ڽֵϣǵص죬¸¹ЦɱҾɱִ£ң͵űҾɱɡ
˵䣬ɱѾߵǰóذ׼Դ֮ʣͻȻһһȭ
á
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ԾߵɱǰŵڵϣѪֹ˺ð죬ûվĺɱ֣¶һĨɭȻھɱʲôݣ˵㲻
ҲɱͻȻЦЦ㱻ӿѪǺֱȣҲͨ죬еķ֮ɫԽŨء
ɱֺò׻һؿ죬ȻصúҲǵһҾɱȣȴֵһᣬŰɣŰɣ
ЦУɱͻȻðһѪ
áӦɵʱȴԭҧ˲еľ綾
ԭ׳ɱڣȴû뵽Щɱ־Ȼ˵ľȻʲô˵ҧƶҩԾˡ
ҪɱϼһɫøΪѿΪںɱٴѵһɫɱ֤ɱ־ȻǾɱһִ¡
һִԼϣԾɱ磬϶ʹ˰ݡ
һþҳɱڲСһǵصԺд鷳
ţɫͻȻһ䡰ɱȻ֪ڰ·ңǿ϶֪Ϯܼһ£˵ͻڴҷɢ֮ʣǲ
Ҷ룬Ӱһתܼҵķɱȥ
Ҫ֪ɿȻɱ֮žǵȸһǲԳ֣ʱӦûΣա
ǱȴͬǴųصƷټϴϸղѴսһĲ٣ʱϮǣʱ
Ӱһ⣬ԽԽĲΪѾԼɱ
áɫ䣬ٶٴƬ̴ǱС
ʱһȺɱһȻһλ֣ɺ֮Ҳһ⻹֡
Һ˸ֺȫԼİΣֻƴĽվһս˸͵ֵסʱвڵϣλ϶λˡ
ǰΣĻҳɣ߶ڵ֮
䡱
һѻΪһϵǿ˹ȥ
ڴ򶷵ˣȫԼͬŤͷҿǴδ֮˶סˡ
ҲѹЩʶͷǶһʱӦҪ֪ȻشƫƧԶɭ֣Ƕڴɭ֮УͲܳ


092 ɱ
ޣǸޡύoͻȻ˷㣬һ־ؿʧ˵
ʲôޣɻؿύo
ǵʱ׷ɱʱҴ˵Ǹޡ
һϵȫɫ䣬Ҫ֪½ϿޣȻǻȴһ㶼˵֮ͣǰϮύoǲġ
ʱҶԸЩѴ·磬ټͷޣȫ𣬾ûеڶֿܡ
ڴϵ˵ĲʱΪѾ嵽ǰǣûпһۣЩڴеĺ˱һβ

һ±㱻ɳȥ
ǺڻعʱΪѳ嵽ǰצӶԴһ
á
ɫһ䣬鼱ֻ֮ûӽצ
Ӱһ
䡭
һϣצֻһ׺ۡ

﷢ŵúˣʵûа취ֻûս˲䱻ƣֱӱצץ飬Ҳ˲Ļᣬˣһֱ˳ʮףͣ¡
û׷Աߵĺ˳ȥ
Ϊ֪Լʵ̫ˣȻķԷƲףԷٶ׷ϣʱǳޣûܶɱ֮ˣ԰ǽΣ

צβϵĻӳӴ壬źײȥЩ˸͵ֵסƬ̣ʮ¡
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ˡ
֪жʧܣȥֻʧ󣬵һͺȣתܡ
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žɱԶһսķǳ֮ٴȥͲǺĶ֡
뵽ԷǾɱ˺󣬴ϵȻɸɱɱ˲գ۵ɱűǴв硣
µûȥúõһ²Саţ漴뵽ǰǽɱܵĹ֮ʱȻɻѣǴȥлһ
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ղǸޡţǰأ鿴Աߵļϣʵ
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˳ָķһۣʲôϲɵҡҡͷȻ˾˰ɣҶϽʰһ£ϻؼ塣
ڵϣϵĴŴ뿪֮˲ûܶԶҲֲ֧סģ±Σʱȫһ㣬վվ
еѪۣεҡҡͷȷʵҵʵ̫ˣ䣬Ȼֶս
תսսΪУһڸеٴαǿ׳
վҲɣҷɱȥ
صʱ˶סˣʱսѾԭΰҸƣһ뻯Ϊҽһ뻹ðŹỤ̃˶Ͱ
ģ˭ɵģع˫һӺˣȫһɱɱ⣬ұ˸ˣ˭̲ڶ
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СԺ㽹Ĵĸ


093 а¶
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һסķ䣬㿴ɫ׵ڴϣվڴߣ˵ʲô
Ҳɣһ嵽ǰ˫ۼĸףôˣ˵ˣҩ˵ţԻýóһƿЩ֮ʱȫûע⵽Ŀɿڴı顣
ǶƿһȦץһƿݵǰĸףǸԪ
˵ţ콫ƿһУɫҰףһ˵òᣬСһȦһƿٴεݵǰ棺ĸһУص˶κá
һԵɿ춪ڴϵһƿһֱڳ鴤ǿ챨ĵʱȫ΢΢ز
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뵽ɫһ䣬һ棬СԺϣͬţܻٴνҲصģſˮ졣
ĸû£ǲСı˵첲һ簮ؿ˵ţ첻ţǵɫܰף׵Щˣɲ˵ֱô򵥡
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ҲǸ˼ֻ֪Щ֪ԼԼҴ֮֡ҡҡͷ͵
ʵýҲõá˼£ϴύo˳׷ɱҵʱҵʱΪ˶ύo㵽ɽʯ֮ȴնȥͱʲôһԴˡ
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ֱҲŷ֣ԭһöý䣬ЩҿһֱæҲûǣһʱ˵˵ţһ£֮⣬һ顣˵ţͽ֮бƳݸɡ
ʵǳæʲô˵Ҳûʲôֻ˾ԼŲǣԾѡٵ˵ˣЩ綼Ҫ˵ģýЩҲû취óǡ
ǡ鿴˰죬У鼴⣬Ҳûκεһͨһ㡣
ûŪףֵݸǣҲ˺һȻûȻֻʵʲôã
ղǿǿ֮ڽӸƳģ˵ͨƷǸͲš
溬һֺҿԽʱʵ͵ڵʵ۷壬ҲΪʲôϴѪν֮ʱܽǵסԭ򡣡
ԣɺǶһۣǵж𾪣ڲǶʿȻܽ۷壬ֱ̫˼顣
ؼ伫еıԺ󲻹˭ٽĴóǴ½ЩҲĶǽݸ죬һĶ
֪ӹ飬ʶһ塣
֮㲻ܸ߱ˣЩҩҲܸ߱ˡҲһصЩҩκһʤɺ䶯֪ô࣬ʤ˶㡣
ЩҩǾŰɡҡҡͷִӻýó켶ԼмʯĿɿڴ֮£ݸЩǣȻǸǵһʵ̫ǣҲһЩʵ
⡭ɾɵӰʶĽӹðΣſѵкܶЩ
Щһޱȣ˵ңʤȨĴ֮⣬òһһ־ףֱʣУʵֲ̫


094 ɵĽ
ҲǺܶ࣬⼸ﻹм׼Աáʵ˵ţϣͽضɣϵı飬뿴ɵУӵжأܲЩȡ
һڿˮһеıֿһ죬϶ʱ¶ޱ˷ܵЦݡЩ쵰Ȼ˵ɵĶǷɣǷ½ϵ˶ﲻˡ
㿴㡭ŭĵһۣҲʶԼʧ̬ٺɵЦԼһˣûˣûϵ
漴ֿ죬ЦȻ㻹УЩҾˣǣҵָտɴ
˵ţɫٴαҵֻ֮ܵˣӦôű֮Ķɣ
ǵġͷ·⿪¶סףķǳǿҪ˲֪ٴˡ
ȷټ飬һҲ˲㡣ɵ˵ͷ·ɣ׵ĴڳҺĸ֮⣬Ҫõ֪ܸõı㡣
šͷ·´ãͬʱҲһǻɣʹնû¶һԱ׵̰һԿԼĿеĵλ
ȻҲ˵Сۣ˵ǿΪ磬׶һߵҪԣڵϣһЩΪһƲɱֵĶżʡ
ܵõЩܿǱĳǿ߿ˣȻʱûмЩԺĳɾͽ˵ЩǿѡӣҪҲǺܸߵģȻڱϣ㲻ŬҲὫԺв͵
ĸ˵ò׽Щ㣬֤ǿߵʵڴ½϶ģвʧȥᣬҪ֪½ϣʵһУûʵʲôǡ˵ţͻȻ¶ϷЦݡԺҿɻÿ½
ףĸףǷģһŬʧġһᶨصͬʱҲȻԼûʲôʦ𣬵ƾǴеȭԺ½ҲؽԼһƬء
һ󣬴ϵҲˣʱĻҲڴҹͬŬ֮ȴѱյһС룬ɵҪȥƼҲˡ
ȴ봫ϢƼڻ˹֮ʣĵȥƸûһˣҲ֪ȥˡ
Ϣ޴˻һֱϽ·ϾɱϮֱǿֲĹʱͣȥ
ڴǵĵģЩ֮󣬷ûôģȻϾɱ鷳ҲЩмʯ͵ҩֻҪԸ⣬ò˶ñܴﵽֻҪɱųҪκˡ
ɻ뵽һ㣬ϴύo׷ɱ죬ύoǹˣȴûκ飬õôöǹֳң̫ɺϡ
Ȼǹ춫ĸϵ˵ǸģҪȻԶɭֵĸǣô޳֡
޳ζйأθֱɱǵɱǣ˭棬ȻĪǵˡ
ԣһ㶼ģľøЩúʵ
ڷеʯСӷһ㣬ȽмʯóЩмʯ̫ȻЧã˷ѣš
ʯѾܾãò׵õһʯңһʯɽһʯһߡ峤Ȼֻ񣬵ЩҲΪĲѣϲȨһЩʯʵܷӼʵǳҪҲһ
ҲȻһϵģһΪ壬ҲӦøһ顣óһԱߡ
ꡭ
Աߵ̲סЦǸʲôСӷֹأ
㲻һҲûΪǵĻ˼صصЩʯǰ붼ģˣҲ˷ѣһý󻯣ҲҪҪǷ֮ˣʱϢȥҽ֮֡
һ£ּǲϢȥʵǿ֮ԣⲻԼʯͷô


095 μҴ
ϵıһݣȻɻָһҲȷʵ
ҿҴһ°ɡȻڴìܣ֪Щóģ϶ıԭ⡣
˼һ£ɵ⵹ǲȻŰ壬һΪ壬֪ʯҲӦòὫϢ߱ˡ
һ£ɻЩģֵֻߴеõʯԼһ飬ȫ˳
šҲͷͬ
ɱܲ
Ұųǰ˵Ž췢飬˵꣬һǹﲻǿȫһû˵ҹҲǳǿһĶһۡ
ųû˵ɫȴ䣬ϴεõֿʱʵطϢ֮֮ġ
Ҳ³ç֮ʱѾ˽ҵĸײ֪ȷʵûиǿĸ֮󣬳ܻ֮ʣǰȥһɵطɱΪȥִ±
ԭҪ֪ҿټϺμңұ𣬿˭뵽仯ô죬ܼұ𣬻ƼҲˣɳҲǴܶ顣
Զɭ֣ڳֵޣ϶Ǳ˴ġųҲ򵥣Ȼѹô鶼鲻ǰǰǴӺδ
±أȻط۲ǳܶԸĸ֣ǲǴ鷳
ųѾʱٶҳ֣Ҫúòҵĵϸʵڲ鲻ǱæֻҪұŪףһжð졣
ͻȻų֮ɫһĮؿִ֮ܺʱٳֶԸңںμδȴж´ܶ飬֪
лԾɱųȥų֮ʵǿĸ֣ɴʱų罣Ŀ⣬ҲȫһϽ͵ųͻȻϮܼңμҸֻδƼֲԮۿǾҪһҶҲǴս֮һλǵʵԺûлᡣ
ҵʱҺܶ϶ˣʵǿִҴҸϻңֻһڣǵʵǹ޳֣ԿǣֻҪˣҹ⿿һ˽ľ֧ǵʱôС
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ڻΪԼ֮ʣųϵϢͻȻһǹɱɱҲȻʧ³򣬾ʹᷢ䣬ȥ췣ɡ
ȫһȻ֪һһƤ֮࣬ǸжµųͷлϾԼǱסˡ
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磬ճԹ緹һװ֮⴫㾪ˡ
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϶ǺμҵˡЦԭãҴѹǣٴӻƼȡ棬ڻҶˣǰӻõĳŵȫ˿գǲŭŹ֡
˵Ǻμҵʵǿüһǿֵ˺μҡ
μұϾҸǵǿΡһҲģЦݵصҺμȻٳǵһҲһһЩ٣ɶǿ߹
ҵμΪһڻһ£ִܻѹǣҪǴٳǵҳ⣬ʱͱǸˣ˵μ֮ҲŲٵԹҲŵ񡣡
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Ƕ˹ɶЦ߰ɣȥμҶЩʲôˡ
šͷҲ棬Ҫ֪һһȥҲ״ҵʵ
ſڣ۵ŵĶһȺɫȫɢűɱߡ
Ⱥ֮УȻ֮ǰһεĺ֮⣬ȫսŵߣȻǵϢҪһЩһ˵ϢȴҪǿ󣬺Ȼһ
ԭǺμҶϺϰ֪һԷûЦѵˣɲ԰Щһֱڱչأųأûȥٳǰ
ɣװɵһƣ˫ۻǵȵ㣬ƼҺܼҿǱ𣿡


096 
ܼȷʵȻҺƼһˣϧܵÿ졣ɫһĮص֪ζкμ̣ѵμҸǵ飿δҲ̫ܵ˰ɣ
ɣ֪кȻˣѵҺμΪУĿĮгŨصɱҪ֪¿̸ܻеģ˴棬Ǵһȴû뵽ʲôͶûˣæ˰졣
źǲƵĻ˶ɫһ䣬μҵɫҲ΢΢һ䣬һԵĺüͷһ壬ؿһۺףӺμҵĶ֮˹ȥ
˶֪Ҫʲô֮ʱȴߵǵǰ㣬Щ˵£Ůûϵȥǵġ˵ţȻǾȥͺŮһ㣬ٶɿֱüͷ
Ժƣﲢ޵⣬һô⣬Ҳ⣬ȻһЦðǽǵġ˵ţ˱ȥ
ȻܲһΪͿ͸˵ﲻɵܻ֮£ô꣬ȴһֱûмˡ
Ҫ˵뱨𣬿μ棬ûһ⣬Ѻá
ҪôһԺƣ֪ѾǼ¸ˣҪôһĻÿµˡ
ˣǵԸԷҪһûС
ϧϾǶûоܾȥᱻЦ޼ҽ̣ﱾ޶⣬Էĵ⡣
ȻһĸףСŮˡԶȥıӰа
ľٶ˸һ£ҲûٽӺ׵Ļȴ׿û˵ΪˣЦһɣ㲻Һμһǲ
һߵĺһԣͻȻŤͷǿ׵һĨŭ⡣
ãôˣŤͷʵ
û¡ϽŤͷϸһĨЦ⡣
߶ǰӵģ֮ǰɲ׵ĻΪμͻϾμұһ̫һ㡣
ɱһٱȣҲ̲סɫһ絶ףҽ쵽ҪζҲ
һĴϵ৵һȫսҲȫָ˺μˡ
˱仯μҲɫ䣬Ҳʾһȫսֱָˡ
Ҫ֪κμ˲٣λ֮⣬־ʮҲмʮˣԭᣬܻһٽʮǰ¶ˡ
ֻҪһμҵʵ׵ĲܻңԺǱμҵ¡
ɵǵʱܻҶˣʹǵļƻҲ˿գȻڸֲ٣ҴҲûбʤİգϾɿǶǿҾӮˣҲɱһǧ˰٣ʧЩˣǺμҵʵҲ𣬵ʱѹٳǵֽҲμԸ⿴ġ
֮ңΪ֮ǰŬ׷ϣԼʵõô˭û뵽Ϊ׵ĻŪⲽء
ҪһʰμҶϺεϽվɣҪãȻҵĵ̣һҲδֵ˺ã˵ҪܼҺ󳾡
μţҸûѡ¾ǼҲЭЦˣμҲֺãȲ˶ñؽ˵ţɺŵĹЦ
׻˵²ҪģҪ²ҪģɾһҪĺݽɫŪúεһʱǽѣжԺҲһԹҪѻ˵ôôŪӡ
ڶԷ֮ʣղ뿪˻ԭղȥǾΪ˲׵ĻҶô飬λμСô߿
һ㿴صգͬʱɫ΢䡣
ôˣһܵǰ
ҪҲЦţμôҲ
£Χǽ֮ͻȻðͷֳǿǱȫ׼˺μ֮ˡ
ÿÿһȣҴһ¡¡ĳ֮˸Ͻÿ㿴һȺһܾ˳
׼ԷֻҪǸҶ͸䡣һͺȣ򣬶׼ס


097 ·أһ
󣿡һƳ󳵣μҵɫ䣬ű˶ȥҲʶ˼
μ֮ˣǲʶ󣬵ԼҵǶŵˣҲ׷ױˡ
ŵĴЦ㲻ҪҲôб¾ʶһ
㡭ɫף˵˵塣
ô󣿡εɫҲһƬҰף˵±ɣҲˣǼֱǴɱ
˵⻹øлǡЦҪܻҽˣôôŽܼңôܴܼҵõôõıأ
ȻҲҪлңҪǽܼˣŪʱ͸ܼԸˣұȽϴ󷽣ǾͲͶˡ
ġε̲סŭһҲ֪ܼһֻ졣
ΪҲǺһŷӦԭǲԸô콫׼Ϊһŵơ
콫˳Ҳûж˵ʲôǿ׵ǲҰ׵˵˷ܡ
ҲȲʡаţ뷨ͬʱҲڴϵ
ףǶڵأ㲻ҪҲôְɣЦ
㡭˫ͨ죬ȫڲҪ֮ʣȴͻȻվЦˣǽûж⣬֪ܻҵ䡣
ϸղŵҲǱܻҵʧٸģϾ֮ǰҺ̸Уò̸ɣȴڣ֮ǰŬҲͰ׷ˣ½⡣
֪С⻰ܴμң˵ţĺεס
СȻܹҺμҡε༱æվѾڵ֮ǰǻһƾʤҲܴ󣬱Ͼ񼶱ĸжռơ
콫ƳǵƱ㵴Ȼ޴棬ʱٲ¿ǻпܱȫ
ãȻСܹμң˵֮ǰֻһᣬȻˣ±㵽Ϊֹͷ˵꣬㿴źμ֮ˣ˼ףˣǸˡ
˶࣬ǾͲˣ˵ţֿǵ㣬СýվͲˣ𡣡
ҲǴ֮һɵľٶ֪˼ٲڣѲҪɿڸϣǲĶˡ
ɵáһЦ˵
˵ͷֿһۣĿгԹһתźμ֮Զȥ
μγôĿ²ʹ˸İźμȥıӰ˵ǡ
ѾʮǰҡЦοٳҲֹμһңǸɳ̫ǣҵõϢЩμΪչ̫죬Ҵѹ̫Ѿ϶Ըˡ
ûûôıܻ֣һٽȻѸٽ˳ȥ⣬ôʵ뿪ٳǣٳǱߵ֪϶û
áһ漴ŤͷߵЦҺⱦμҿ϶ô뿪
˵ţֿ죬ЦСүĻ
һһλҲĵ˵ͷ첻˳ͬʱ֯ЩǱʹμȥĸ
һƬСУèһɴǰ
磬ҪȥϮμҰСЩǵ𣺡Ǳ߿Ͷ⣬вٵߣϴɱսɶ˵㡣
İɣ粻¡ʮص䲻٣Ǽ֮⣬˸Ͷ첻κε˺ҾƿҵķҲҪһ
ҲãҪȫ޸ͿԱʹ䣬Ҳܽ屣ãǾ˺ˡС
СҲֲ㣬ҾƾЩʵƿҵķҲܸɶ˺˵ţһתβμһ̵ĽѵǾͲ֪ߵغΪԼǿҲĳȥұ޸㰡
ԭǽ֮˸˳Ҳû뵽һҺμңû


098 ·أ
ǰٳǵһС·֮ϣȫɢһɱϢõԵ¶ط²١
μ˶֪ʱŭȫ˵һ˴һ㣬ĵͷһ۶ҡ
ʹΧѹ˶촭
С㣬ѵǾôˣ̲סʵ
ŲȻͣ£Įؿźף絶㻹˵Ҫ㣬ŪôǱ
ܵǲƵԭŭƽĺҲѹƲסŭʵһжҵĴ
ѵһԩ㣿Խı䡰ǳ֮ʱҵô˵ģҪڵһʱֻơҵĸԾʵɱңȻٳǣǱߵ֪ɳô֣϶ûǡ
ȻûˣҲôġŭȵҪ廰Լ˵Ů˺㣬ˡ
˻һε൱ʶϽֹȴˡ
úúáŭЦеɱȴԽǿҡ
С㣬һֱӣǧƽϡεºﶯ֣Ͻתź׵ûڵȴȫͬˣûܻҵİƾЩˣҸˣҲʧء
ʱǼ廹ôѹٳǵ֮ȥңȫһ̬ѣ֮ǰܻ֮º֪ܶǾߵ´ȥǼǷǳġ
Ǳҵң̬ȻԲҪҳ֣ҲõʱֻܵǽٳǵЩʰˣʰҡ
ô˵ֻҪǸ߾ͲЭοɣܹȾЭ֮ˣ֮Эˡ
Ŷϴ˻ɫ΢΢һ䣬뵽ԼΪŭ˶ĴһҴμҺܿ⵽˫лп֮
ɺҲһҪ֮Ȼ֪ԼˣҪϴǾԲܵģҲֻһ˵
»ȥ֮һʵġ˵
ѵһˡҲʾЦΪֻ֣ҪûѼң嶼ܰô
㡭׵̬ԭǿѹŭĺҲѹƲסһȣγҪ֣ϧûԱб㴫һɿֲϢ
໡һ漴һһ
áμͬʱһ
ˡ
ϧЩͨμ߷ӦԶûǿ죬շӦǾ޴֮Укü˱ͷУѪɳȥ
μңǾȻҵľ棬ǣ첻һѵǾͲ֪ҵ羪ףͷۻ˫ѪǺ˶ɫס
ȥɡ
һȣһβʱʮ˱ɨɳȥ֮Ѫֹ
ֹۿǱɨɵˣ˫һӱͨ죬һȣ˹ȥ
ߡ
첻мһû˿Ķܣצ˹ȥ

צഥһʱΪƬƬƬצȴֻһͣ٣ǰץȥ
áʶϽˣϧٶĿлצ죬ۿצץϣɫȫ־
ݡ
צץ֮ǰ˲䣬һһݺݵĴצ֮ϣץצ
ңһߣһֻצϮһץסõ˺εô
ȥ
βɨŵúε⣬ϽˣȻˣԱߵһЩμȴ꣬βһɨ˱ɨɳȥ
ݡ
һգ콫ץϵźεһӣһһ㣬һ˲㵽εǰõúεֻüתܹҪֱȴһɼǵ˺ۡ
ڴʱΪε༰ʱֶӹһٵĺعλǰ֣ͣǲðһᡣ
ԣͣЦԺҵĵ̣ⲿңǾô
ɫһ䣬Ͻ͵ǰ첻֪ղ˵


099 ԽԽ
ѵΪ˵٣ЦŮӣҲԴСڿȥɱʣǾڸǵңǵģһһ֣ҪǱ뷸̫ɱ¾һܡ
μҽֱǶԱƣ²ܾôˣȥɱ͸˻ȥ׼ܿͻμҡ
˵ţһ£˵ɱأһ˶֪ܲģҪҪҸǣ
˻һμһѪɫɱʤǿһֲĴʣһЩǿҲ˼֣ǰ޾Ȼҽһֱ۸ˣɱȴû֤ʲô֤ɱҲǰޡ
ȻкʾɱܲμҴʱȴû˸ҿڣֻоδĺε˵ֱۣǰһںǰλǰǽһٳǸϹģʵڲ֪Щ飬ǰ˴ĹһΣǱ֤ԺԲٳڸǡ
ĹǣЦǰ֪ѳǲܵӦеĳͷԺ˭ҵ£
μȫһһɾϮͷ
һ£ҪŹҲǲܣҶΪӣɣǶҿͷϴȻϵĲ¾ôˡ
̫׵ŭĻδ˵꣬Աߵĺεһŭȵ
λǰ֮ǰðǸӦõġ˵ţεȻĹȥ
ûε࣬˶ؿźףгɱ㲻
ȫһϾǾţиǺڲѣҪ֪ǰǺε඼һУο
£ǰǸε࿴źףг뽹Ϊ˼壬˵ʧʲô
һ˫һȥЩߵеһжǼģƴҲΪ˼塣
Ϊ˼ǿԲҪʲôġ
ԲǰղŶð˵ţױһɥͷ
ǰԸǡԭεǾһΪ˼֮ҲޱĹ
μͷЩͨȻҲ⣬һȫͷ
Ǳֲ¾ôˣϵĶϢ֮ʧǰ˵һʱ鲻ãɾͷˡ˶ͷ˵ͷȻסղŵĻԺҿμ֮ǵңҲ
лǰεһлϵĶ˾һ磬գۼʧӰ١
磬ԶˡСУ˵ͷһȻģ
ãҪٵһҿɾŲסˡĨһѶͷ亹ЦȻǿ󣬵ʱ̫ˡ
磬֪ɣڲŶʿŵܣҪ˱֪Ź֡СЦ
Ҳԣ̫̰ˡٺһЦͻȻеƴһʹͷһһۺģһָһðѪ
Ǹղźε˴צ֮µģķȻǿҲƵģʵйأʵԽǿҲԽߡ
첻ʿµȫ£Ҫȫ¿ɾеˡ
οε඼Ǻμҵĸ߲㣬ǵȼͣɱȻֻǵ˿ǿֲζŴˣֻעķûע⵽˵졣
ҲΪʲôҪǽеĶ£¾һ˿ϵѪղ˵ⳡûһЧˣп⵽μҵĸ󱨸
óҩһ߽Ĩ˿ϣһߵ˵ʮָģȻûжأʹֱȶ߹ǻ
ⶼԼǵĽԶģӲҪӲСһֻĵ
㲻ҡҡͷΪǣȴһּɵı֣һ㣬ܿģұӲǾҶʮֵĲмǾҵĲܴ󣬽ǵ־״ݻ١
ϾڵʵǶԿղҾһݣֱӽǾɱˣԾ󻼡
ԣСþòðΣŵ磬ҷԽԽˡ


100 һ
ʲôգмıСӲ
ŲءСмص
˿ڣ콫μµĶ£תȥ
û߶ԶеսһӿѹѹƲס
֮ǰ͸оҪͻˣû뵽մһȻҪͻˡһĨϲɫһʹԱߵ
С֮ͻȻһսƬ֮һЦ߳ʿͻһǡ
磬ղͻ֮ʱַǻͷϢˡСǵٴ𣺡᲻ûսڣ
СˣͲսڸûСЦ
ܾЩԾСǲɿڡ
İɣԺעһˡЦ
ۿɫѾ磬Ҳٵ󣬾ֱųȥ
ү
һԱŤͷһȻΤ֣ЦΤ֣ô
ҿľ鱨Ҫõ鱨Ȼ͵ĴΤһЦʵôȻܼұǸˣƼҲˣɱֹȴһֱأ
ܲΪһֱڼɣЦҪһֱȡѲһڼҶһأ
үԼΤֹһЦѪζɱүܹͬʱս񣬲ɱʵ֣û˺㡣
ЦЦжΤȴ𾪣ѪαԼɱ³֮˺֪ȴû뵽Τȴһ
ͻȻ䣬뵽ȻΤ鱨ģ᲻֪ƼҵǾɱܲأҪ֪ɶҵĸ󻼣֪ǵڣҲ취Ըǡ
֪Τֿ֪Ƽڵ䣬Ǿɱܲڣ
Τɫ΢䣬漴ҡҡͷƼҵ䵹ǿԴһɱܲȴңһЩɱԱǲ֪ġ
Ǿ鷳ΤְæǻƼҵ䡣쿴Τ֣ЦΤֽƾһͼ˼׹ʿ츳ʵֻϧ̫㡣
ԣΤɫһ̾Ϣû취Щͨˣܹһ˼׹ͲˣǸõ߽׹
ΤܰҵƼҵ䣬ҵǿ԰һЦĸľͨǵؼףʱҵǿԳһݸΤ֡
ΤּȫһһľϲصãүǾô˵ˡǼеӣͺᷴһ㡣
ؼͨжôΤֱ˭ΪŪⲿͼ˼׹ͷѾܵõһؼ׹츳Ⱳ϶û⡣
Ȼڴ㲻ʲôΤͨ˵Ǹ߸ϵĴڡ
ЦŵͷΤܹҵɱܲһһЩƷлΤ֡
һᾡȫΤֺݺݵصͷʱоϧһдҵɱܲΪ񣬹һ̫ҵĻƼҵ䣬ʹӦһؼ׹ôҪҵ˭֪ľɱܲҲⲿؼ׵Ĺ
Τַֿܿ㵽˼ңһؼңǱʵȥˣô춼Ӱ
첢û˵Һμ鷳һ£ֻ˵ߣøеҪͻƣԾ͵ˡ
еظܵʵȷʵֱǿ֮˶ϲѣȻǶϵ˺ɻ󣬵ҲֻԺСĵ㣬㲻׷ʡ
תȥ⼸춼úУμҺ;ɱ˶ûһ
ܻҲ֮⼸ҵĴżǵĴСƽżãǰҴ򽻵һЩҲ׷š
ΪҶ֪ӴԺұʵۣͽңԺǱԸǡ
˵ĵҵҲԵúǺƣûΪΪǵĵһ߰Ҳһ
ЩӴ֮£տʼɻһȥӼˣ˻죬ԷԺҡ
ɸչ죬㲻ͷˣȥһܵȥս
һ
һͺȣ⻪ţһӣһʮ׳Ľãȥݺݵĺڵ档
䡭
һɳʯһعƽ֮ǽã֮ѳһʮףĹ
ǰĹϲˣ⼸Ŭûа׷ѣһȻǷȻȲϰȭԱǿʮ


101 ɺ
ǵȻһǻͷľ֮һ½۷ļ֮һľôܲСһӦĵ
Сһһͷ֮ǰæҲû㣬ǻͷ˭ʵ
ͷǰԾС˵
Ծ˭һ汦ʵýЩԿʵӦúǿɡ
ǵȻʵǿ󣬶һƹһǿҪȻôô౦С˵ţһת֪Իͷݺʵܺ棬òҪ֪ΪЩڵ˵̫ˣ֪ԻӰ죬ԺӰ쵽
ԣһݣԶߺҪһܵӰ죬޴ҲΪʲô֮ܶܵ󣬴Ӵһ겻񣬳Ϊһ˵ԭ
ãҲʡС˼Ҳʣתؼҡ
սԺţóǣǵеЦʵôˣ
ѾѧһЦŻش
Ҷӵ츳Ȼ˼飬ԭһΪٵһ²أû뵽ȻżˡҲһĳ޵
˵ţһת׼һ칦磬ףڴ˴ѹǰܻңΪҵүóϯ
ǰܹܻңΪǵĵһȫ㡣ҲһοصҪ̻ЩװͼƷҩǸͲܴҡ
ڼĶȥЦҲҪ볹壬˽ԼּʽľۻὫز١
ҹԺȥ֮λ˳һվԼķУȫǣ䣬һ䣬죬ҵĶȫûɣǣ죬飬ǶҵŰɣ죬֮ҽȫҵġ
գҶϲŵƽʣЦﲻϣҳΪǵһԺٳȥü
˶һҪúñ֣һӡ󡣡һ߰죬һЦԺ˴ҵ֧֣㸸׵ļ֮λҲɺܶࡣ
áЦŵͷʵȴܲΪȻȥͽЩϼһУֻҪԼʵǿĻȥͽǣǶȥԼ
үһЦһ񣬶ղŵõϢƼСˡ
ôˣü˵ǰҲδػһΣʱ䣬ȴ
йء߽Ц˵ƼСǷǳʮ꿪ʼѧ⣬տʼڹϵ츳ͻʶ˵ȴǳĶ
Ľ£ƼҼһߣ˵ʱƼҼ̫ԸôֻǲСĻԣԲŴӦ˵ҲȫʱֻʮС㡣
û뵽ǣС㵱ʱЩʦ񣬾Ȼһǿֻаʿ꣬ЩˣƼʧҲûЩ˷ϣֻǸСԡ
ɽ꣬Ƽҵ֧£ЩƼõǶֲ츳ʵѸٱǣﵽʦ˵Ѿкüﵽ񣬸ƼҶԶһ档
ԺƼеӢ¶С㸺𣬶СҪ˭ƼңЩǰǣҲа㷴ԣƾЩ£СҲƼҵ⣬Ѹǣⶼѹһͷ
ҿСǰǣΪûֵĶΪ㱻֣Żᾭûʧ
ɣصҲһССʿѣֵһĴĴС㿴ô
УҲΪɺе𾪣ʮǿ츳ѵĲɣҪ֪ʮɻδأ󲿷ݵĺӻڸĸĻ
̫СɺСˣ˲ſǺܿصģΪһСеСΣսƼҶһȨƹ񡣡ЦɺСУֻ˲ţûݵλĲࡣ
ȻɺСΪǶΣǲǸȥݷһ¡˵ϾܴܻңܴһݶƼҵ֧֡


102 һ仰һ
ǵ˵һ㶼ûһͻϮƼңΪƼ򵽵ļƷҩЧãҵ߱ȻƼҵ߸ϣɱ˻Ƽһֲ
ЩҩΪܼʱֹסѪҲ˲ӵ֮ܵ⣬Ƽ򵽵ЩҲڴս˺ܴá
Ӧðݷһ¡ͷǾͲȥˣȻСΪȥȥ˷Ρ
ԡǳ˼£Ҳͷͬ⡣
ðɣҾȥݷһ¡Ҳ̫Ը֮Щͷ򽻵ȥݷС㣬һڡ
·쾶ֱ̻ȥ
̻ᣬһţϴνӴŮ˹ûڣЦΪͨһǰлСİ
Сڵ㡣Ժ˵ͷЦɣ
ϴȣη̬ȿɿ̫ࡣ
лͷϡ
¥һ䷿ǰ幧ĶС㣬үˡ
ɡﴫһݺ㶯
ǡӦһƿţȥֽ֮Ÿϡ
һţ㿴ɺվһ΢ЦؿԼ˵ЦݣһͻһĪļɶɫҲһӱͨ졣
ΪԼеľţ΢΢ɺһС㣬˵СǣлСҵ֧֡
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˻һҲ֪ɺ뵽ʲôȻ΢΢һ졣
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ΤֿϵֳĿһͻȻ֮˵ϣлүԺΤġ
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104 ȫʧ
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ѵ˳ɹˣɫ˫ɱ䡰˳Ǹĸʹأ
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105 ں
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106 ɱ˳ɸ
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107 ϴְ
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Ȼܵϵı仯ûĽͣЦǰʱ䣬õЩԸ⽫Щ׸壬֮ǰҾϷеļ񣬽ЩúԴ׳ңȴ֪οڣڴԼڣԸ
˵ţͽĿת죬Ѷóɡ
һɫһӱùŹ񱨸ϣЩֲ񣬿ʲôֵôϷеȨȫӼʵأ
֮£˶Ŀת죬Ҳ⡣
ɫЩŹ֣һȺ˼ɫǶŮһĿ⿴ţȫڣʱȴֲòվ
˵Ŀ֮£óһúڲƷڲ˶˫һǴϣڲǼΪϤΪǵǿʯʱʯĺڲ
Ҫ֪ʯŵرۼɣϺױ߷֣ԾһЩ
ڲȻ濴ͨȴǴľ鲼κƷٴһ˿й¶
꣬ϺòײŪ鲼Ҫ֪鲼ļֵԲһʯͣҪȻҲȥ˻ʯ
˶ϵľ鲼Ҳ֪ôģǲ򿪣󼱵ô̲סŵǣ
׳ҵĺöһЦŻ򿪾鲼
鲼¶һ϶һǿ¶ʱг϶¶𾪣Ŀɿڴ
ʯɢŨľӨʯͷһӾʹλվĻǣҲͬʱվ
ǳʯЦϴ˳ĳһ׷ɱʱеõġ
һύoһĵͷ
֮ǰѾȥĳϲٽ黳ֻϣԺʯܹŬʵ׳ҡЦύo
Ļ£ύoޱ𾪵ؿ죬ŵصү˵ʯҲҵķݣ
ͷһʯÿ˶ܵõһ飬ʣµһ飬ڼ֮УһУ˭һͻƵʿǷǵϵõʯ
鶼ǣЩ˿ɣֿ˿ǣǼͷأ
֮ǰѾùˡЦ
ô˵㲻ֹõ塭δ˵꣬Ͼ͸Ͻ죬ΪʶԼһ޴⣬飬Ҳȫǡ
ھõٿʯһóǣ˸ǣȻϺ֪ȴ֪ⲻʵ⣬ܹǣѺܲϾ֮ǰĹϵɲôǢ
Ȼ֮Ϊ˼壬ҾͺˡϽӹʯᶨصԺұؽȫƬġ
šͷλҲȫ칧صлү
ҶˣΪ׳ҡЦ£û뵽ǣĳϾȻһӸصүύoԲ㡭δ˵꣬
һٶŵԱߣڳȫһύo֮ǰٴĴѾǳϣҲҳг¹ĵ
ĳϣ쿴Źڵϵύo˵Щ
ĳϣܲ𡣡Ҳ񣬸ϽǰύoȴύoȴŲ֮ǰҺүû£ҪȻҽǧˡ
ĳϣ֮ǰѹȥ쾪ŵȰ˵ҲӦĳϸ¹ȷʵ̫׷Ȱ˵ǳν
ʯɵʾ£ԷλϵУʣµһ飬ɱܣ˳˵һУ˭һͻƵʿʯġ
ҲΪʯҵһһ˷һȫƴȻλϲûиʯһ£Ƕ֪˭һͻƵʿõؽһΪϡ
Ȼ֮ȥģǿܹһͻƵʿ츳ȻټʯΪǳ£ǰһ֮λҲ
ڵõʯ֮峤ҪչأԭȰ˵˵ģɴȴ˵ǱչҲãʵҲͲٵơ
ڼ񣬴ָ£ֻҪǾУολϡ
Ľ룬ҲʹӦ
ڴȥ֮λûͬ⣬ֻӦԲܼȫ֮λǵõš
ƽҽʱҲʲô飬ڼҴ˼죬ЩģĻƼ󻼣Ҫȥ
൱յģܶĵһȥ˭ɱĶ֪ȻĲѣԸȥ
Ҳʵ̫ʿȥ̫Σա
νǷϾ˿࣬ҲǵౣֶΣŴӦ


ڶ չ۷


001 ǰŮ
شǽ紦㣬شҵҪ֮࣬γƷ׵ҵȦСҲϷչҲС˶١
ȻֻһС򣬵ȴ١֮ϣ쿴ǴϢȺ̲ס̾ʵһ·Ҷü֡
ЩУԸ̷ִߣΪҲҪԺܶ߶ԼǮ
ȻǮķкܶ࣬в١ǿߣҲϷ;ߣҪҲıӶ˻ͻһطһط
磬ҷֲ̫ԾСͻȻ
һ㶣ɻʵôԾ
ֻһСôô֣СصصҸ㷢ûУЩֵָؽ϶ϼ룬ȻǶȭġ
ߣݸԵͬŸԲͬĸ֣ʮָڲкܺϼ룬Ϊ
ߣƶ᲼ϼ룬ȭĸ֣ΪǵվճȭͷԷսԣʮָĹؽڴкܺصϼ롣
Ȼ䲻ãҲŲϼ롣
üͷһ壬Ŀⲻһֵϣȷʵһʮָؽڴϼ롣
ʱһ˹ĿһתҲ˶Է֣һȻҲһλȭ֡
δջĿ⣬еһɱĿɨ˹̧ͷһƵؿ
ɫһһĨ֮ɫ֮ӶȥȻ֪ԼԷصһֺܲòΪʱɿ߹ƽʱ뱣ֵ͵ǿĵˡ
һ鷳ٲԣҲʾҪжǿֵöǿԷͻΪۣʱ͸д鷳
෴ԽֵǿƣǱῼǲдɽ㡣
ʱ֤˵˵
ԭǳŭɸ֮ܵɫɫ΢΢һ䣬һתȥ
Ҳв¶֮ȥߣЦѣҲȥ˵Сȥ۲죬Ϊ췢֣СΪ飬ʶǿҲرֲˣֱΪ͵׼ġ
磬ҿ˰ͺһʮָ϶Ÿɼ룬ǰҲֻһûСת˰֣Сصٴ
ôҲʶԾҵиıΪʲôȫȭأ
Ҫ֪ȭڴ½е٣ԶģΪȭͷܹ˵壬ڴУһЩ·硣
϶ʲô飬һǶȭźܴġаԭǴȥһƼڵķӶţʱҲı⣬ȥﵽ׷ʲô£ܹôȭߡ
ϢżһϢֻҪȥ㶫ǳԵ㶫ܴЩСϾ˽Ӵ࣬ϢҲΪͨȻϢҲֻһЩ֪ϢϢҲȽ϶ࡣ
ڶֱǵӶᣬӶǶߣ㣬Ҳ׵õϢõϢȻھƵҪö࣬ϢҲ١
ֱͨЩųϢǮصǿݣϢΪʵ½ϣĳϢɱֹӶᣬ󹫻ᶼзֹ
һ˼֮ѡ˵֣תӶȥ
˴ԼһӣһǳǱĽǰһţĴＷӶߣֵֻǣЩšﲻϵӶԺһ㣬˵˵Ҳǽŵúܵ͡
ɨһ۴һסһӶԭӶŭѣɵ콫һҶϵŭʱΪά
ҲϻֱϢĵطġ
˺ôӶȻǲҵϽ˵Ľ¥һǰ
Ӷȥ߽䣬һʮ꣬ĮŮˣһ죬Ů˱ʵҪʲôϢ
üͷһ壬Ů˵̬Ⱦͺ˭Ƿӣкܲ
첻˵Ůɫһþ顰˵뿪û˵л
Ȼ޲óȥŮ˼ƣ֪ǲܵģҪ֪ӶǿǴ½Ϊĳû˸ҰҪȻЩӶҲôʵ
֪ΪʲôͻȻôȭߵ˵ţþͲɱ䡣
Ů˸ûüͷһ壬һۣһٽҡ


002 ȭ
ҲøǰŮ˷ϻóһٽҶϣŮȷϽ֮󣬸û˿ĲģڱһǰӶ֮ʱõһؼ߽׵ȭףԭǽϢúϣȴڰǰ֪й¶˳
ؽ׸ȭףüͷһ壬ԭΪʲôȻһڵؼ߽ȭףʧѣ֪ˣͲ
ϢдɣЩɻʵؼ߽ȭȻҲ󣬵ôɣ
ҵģŮɱһǱõȫһ׹һ㡣
Ů˺ÿֲҲϵĸ֡аͬʱҲСĵķȴ䣬ЦֻȷһϢǷʵ
Ӷ۵ϢȫǾ֤ʵ½˶֪ѵ㲻½ˣŮһؿ죬Ϣȫ˶֪Եȥʡ
ɫһ죬޲ҸضȥˣԼǰŮ˸ˣҸǶˡ
ԭ컹ΪϢһ㶼أͨ˿֪ģԲܵ
˭֪ϢǴֻ˶֪ˣ㻹˵ʲôˣԩһٽҡ
ԲҸˡ˵һһ䣬ţЦСһɰ

еһᣬײǽϣͷײһһ̬Ůˡ嵽һ¥Ӷᡣ
ֻûע⵽ǰŸճţкüü۵ӶǱ߻ߵСӿǷǧˡ
ϴİɣܲղֱһңǿɶǿС
Ƭ̣ܽһҲӶüͷһ壬һС۾ӶŤͷͷӶʵϴô죬ҪҪ׷ȥ
Ӷ£Ƚȥڴ͵ٶ֣ڰ䡭˵ϱ¶Ц
ϴӢӶά
һȥΪ׵ӱߵǰ̨óһöҶһǷԱʶЦллʹ͡
ؿһЦһ۴֮Уֲû죬㲻׵ԱʵղŽСأ
磬ѵСг𣿡Աɫ΢΢һ䡣
ģҲΪ㣬ֻҪİžСһЦŷԱļ磬õ÷ԱɫһӱòҰףĸҳɣϽڰ˺Ű䡣
лԺһ硣һЦ¥ϰȥǷԱһڵؿǵıӰ˺һ»ǽִ󣬸Լ鷳Ͻȥϰ塣
ϰŴ£Ҳɫ䣬ȴһåһԺ鷳ϣ⽫Ӱ졣
ѯֻ֪һˣϰ˼£߷Աװʲô֪˱ŪˣĽʬ崦֪
䣬˼ˣ㲻ԱʵҸղڽϿ񣬶ҴϵԿȭģѵ߶ϲȭ
أԱЦЩ˶ģͲߡҲʣԱ˵˵ǰʱӶʱõһԵؼ߽ȭףҲ֪ôģϢ˳Щˡ
ɫǳѿȴһҸԱ˵ϸһ㡣
лԱһϲɫصͷȭ˵ڻͻ;еһɽеʬԷֵģԭӶҲ˷ɽ´ϢǴ˳һ֪زҲ˹ȭס
ϾȭװͬǸϡ٣ҲΪƣֻǵؼ߽׵ȭףļֵȭУ켶н׵װ˿
û뵽ǣ˸ϵӶȭ֮ʱӶȴһ֣һ˵ļƻˣϢҲԽԶ㣬սصֶ˹
˵ͷȥæɡ
Աһ˳ȥ˼Ӷֿ϶ǻƼʣµϡ
Ҫ֪֮ǰѾӶŵʵǵųлƿޣǻƼҵһϵʵﵽԭʵȫԻػƼҵһϡ
ȴԸӶţƼҲǵ⽨һɰƼҲٵæͬһһϵţϢڻƼҲǻܣ֪˲ܼ࣬ҸͲ֪
ԣӶǿֻһ񣬸ܳģĻˡ


003 ˲
ӶٶߣʦʮˣڼϻƼӹˣԸǲסа˼ǶԸӶţֻǻƼ֮ˡ
⣬˶ڴӶŵ⣬㵹ǿá
磬ȭҲġСͻȻ˵ûȭף˶սǳԿȻȭ׵ȼЩͣ˵ȫãԺʵǿˣٻ߼ġ
Ҳͷ
˵ţǱսĴͻȻһ߿漴룬һͽΧ
ɨһۼߣɫˮʵ˭ʲô˼
Ҳûʲô˼ͷеֵܽŵĵ
ǣЩӸҶǣøһС۾ҲЦֵǱֺ֤ҪȻĻû˵Ǹ˶
ҵǣֻûá䣬ʱ˫۷죬ɾʱͻȻ֣һȭһߣӦûӦ㱻һȭɳȥǽϣѪ鴤˼£
һ֣첢ûͣ£ӰһֵһǰһȭߴʱҲӦӽȭͷܲãŰսǰ

ȭཻߵʱѣȭͷǰݺݵĺߵĸҲɳȥ
Ļ쵰ȥڷӦۿԼ±ɱŭҰһ㣬
˵㻹񡣡ЦһѸԻýóһֻһеʱΪأţǺԻ֮һһ̣ѳ롣
ˣߡʣµɫһ䣬һֵļУתܣٶȱǸһſڣһȥó֮ϡ
ŵϵʬЦһʦҲңǲ֪
Żʬһڣתȥߵ֮ʱŷԱЦǵðѷʰɾǧ˿Ѫ֪˼ˣԺҲû˸ҵԷˡ
˵֮ʣûΣܴõ˶һˣһǼˣгԷ֮˶ɫ䣬һЩ˸Ǿֵȥ˴ͷҲ׷ܣԱס丶Ǯɸס
㡭İ߻ķԱȫָ죬ּŭɿһɱ⣬ȴ˵
ʱǳӶˣҪ֪ǴõϢȻʱҲǱȣô˵ϢǴﴫȥġ
ڲˣҳԷ˶ûиʧɾʹˣϰǲܹɱ죬ȴܲ
ߡЦһתȥȻܹ³֪İǲ˵ģ֮ʱѾˣҪһ͸棬ЩûյķǮǳͷ
˲ҲûгԷۿʱ仹磬һ·Ӷŵסأ׼ȥ̽һ¡
δߵӶţ㷢ղԾΧԽĶ࣬ͨȴԽԽ٣ֻʣߡ
ӶʱӶפѾ߸ΧʵʵһҲܲ
ӶҲǴŽգֻǽ¶ſ档
ȭףɱǼȮ
ȭףǲ
һЩ߶ŷӶϵĺţʹնû
ӶŲҳ֣ҲҪˡ쿴ŭˣ¶һĨЦ⡣
ԭܲ־Ͳ֣ϾӶŵ˲٣ʹ䣬Ƕ֡
ĵƣ򲻵ѣǲʹģҲñΪһ
Ȼڲֵ£ûƼҾȻԸ⿴ġ
Ҫھʹͺˡ°ͣͻȻðһĨЦߵǰŭָŷӶŵĴţģӶҲ̫ǸˣôӢۺ棬ǲӭӣþƺò˵дȻŹϣֱ̫Ƿˡ
ͻȻȻֹ˶Ŀɿڴؿ죬һЩ˸̫˲ˣȲ˵㲻ӢۺܣǿӶŵĶȻҪ˼ҿӭӣþƺò˵д
˶ãԼվѾˣɾȻڻһǸţ˲š


004 æһ
ǿҸʲôѵ˵òԣ΢죬﷢飬֪Լ޳ܣΪƼңǿŵͷܵĳ嶯ǿ
˭˵ԣλֵ˵̫ˡһλһ㶣漴ŵӶžͲǸôӢۺվ棬Ҳӭһӭ
ԣǿţӭǽȥ
Ҫþƺòдš
ҪŮˡ

˶Ķʲôö߰Ҫ󣬼ֱ޵ݣʱͺѻΪеһԱ
СĵĻǺ޲Ҹضȥֱ̫ˣ»ģЩҺ֮ʱһͶݵĿ⡣
ģΪƼңӽͲҪˡ˺ģŷӶŴȥ
һˣȫϽ죬Դүһ㣬ظ·һڴĵľ֮
ӶŸţʮϢ֮ӭӢǽȥţǵıǵŮˣɱǡ
˵ţŤͷЦȻЩǶЩӢĳͷҪȻӢ֮ͶϣǽΪǧˡ
ٴδסˣƬ֮󣬱ǳ뻶
磬޳ӴСĵ˼ҵĶȻ˵Ӣ۵׳١
Ҳûа취ЩصҪʵ̫ͣ򲻹ڵķӶţĻôһȺåǿһֱӳȥȫɱˡ
λСֵ˵̫ãӶЩ̫ˣǱһͷҪȻǻΪЩӢۺǺ۸ġղλٴγӶţʮϢ֮ٲӭүүǽȥǾͳȥͷǡ
ԣʮϢֻϢˡ޳ˣɴ޳ܵס
ԶԣλСֵ˵̫ˣֻϢԣֻϢˡٴٲţǾͳȥ֪ǵ
ԣȥ֪ǵ
ȥɱǣǵĲǵŮˡ
ϣһ˷ܵɫͨ죬ͺʲôƱڵһ㡣
쿴ڵǼı飬Цһǰһһ֣˶ʱѻȸʱͻȻԼгɾ͸Уһ뵽Щ˵ıԣȫ亹
λǲţǾͳȥ


һ
׼ǳ塭û˵꣬ǽյĴͻȻ򿪣һţҪǻǻƼҵϳ鷳ˡ
֮ǰһֱǷҲңƼҲʶ죬ҴĳϿʶġ
ɺܿıˣΪֻһһʮ꣬ЩƫݣƵ
ĮĿһ죬ɱһȻû˵֮ȫǱȶģʱ޲ý׸һ롣
ȴôŭЩǿȴǵֻ·һ
ӦþǻƼҵĻƿޡֱӶԷɱ˵Ŀ⣬а
ʱƿҲĿת˳˵֪ǶҪȭףȭֻһҸ˭
һһͬʱҲ໥ķǸͲʶֻ˵еؼ߽׵ȭףǿɲȭûõȴɥڴˡ
찵һۿƲŻƿЦųֶѹʱǵڶṆ̀ʵȭףô֣ǵ£޹ء
ԣƿްвãʱڷӦһŭŻƿޣҲ̧ӡ
Ʋƿ޸Ͻ˵ҷӶŲûȭߣȭҲûãҵģΪǻһ⣬ʧ٣ܲҰæһǮ
˻ʱҲԶͣڻƿǰ罣ĿɨһˣȻһǿϢʱõΧɫһףɽѹýļ߸Ǳ˳ﶼһĨѪ
һĨмЦҲٿˣһĸߴ꿴ŻƿĮʵǻųô
ڴ۸ߵáƿ޳⿼ǵЩû׼ңԴ˴ֻҪõƷ
ãô˵ˡһͷһ˼ͷͬ⣬һͬǰҲͷ
ԭ컹˵䣬ԱߵĴȴʱסֵܣ˵ˣЩ˶ǳ֣ȭûˡ
ȻͿļ˶һȭò飬ۿҪƼˣô˸ƻкǲʣջûж˵


005 
˫Э飬ƿޱŷӶŵ½ȥŹϣǼؿһ֮Ҳת뿪ֻʣվ֪ô졣
ûмȥʱôЩ˵ʵӶţҪ֪һɹӶŽõʵĽңûȭ֮ҲȥʱֻһԸӶš
ƾڵʵԸӶţȻǲܵģǰЩˡ
˼֮ʣԱߵĴͻȻһѣֵ߰ɣûǵˡĻгû䣬Ҳǲ֮飬˼죬ʲôò˭Ҳ᲻ʡ
λ磬ô뿪ѵģü̽Եʵ
ô˭ʵˣ¶һĨЦԵúΡ
ɲô˵ǵҲҪſڻлᡣٴγ
ţɫһ䣬죬ʵѵСֵʲô취
취һҪðաһĨɱ⡣
ԣ˫һ߱һðյְҵеʲôֵʲô취ֻ˵
취Ǽ򵥣ɱȥϲ賿֮ʱмһˣʱɱȥȭ׹ǣЩ۵ĲƸҲȫǵġ
һ£˵ųĳϵӣ˵ϾʹŸ߼ЩˣΪʲôǵʵͣΪ츳ǣûи߼ûԴ
ܵõӶԴǲ˵ģΪĻὫܴ󡣡
˻һ˫һӱˣû˵Աһ԰ʦ㼱һ
ʦһֿۣһ죬ҲݺݵصͷãҲһ
ȻˣǾͷͷ׼ҽ̫ϤȥˣԽԽãʱΣҲԽСȥռйطӶŵϢʱǱߴ»ϡ
á˵ͷֿȥ
һҾƵס£ڷӶŵѴΤ֪ԵҲȥ
һֱ賿ʱ֣ۣ˳ȥ
СĵԼصȥЩ˿ɶ࣬÷űǸˣҺһ·϶ûʲô⣬һֱԼص㡣
һ쵽󺺱˹СֵܣôôǿɵһˣΪ㲻أ
ʱ䲻Ц̫ˣȥˣǵ˶ûϢǿûô׵֡
Ǻǡ󺺺ǺһЦ
һתһˣʵ˶𣿡
ˡ󺺵ͷܹʮˣ֣ʮ˶ʦϵʵʮ˶ʿϵĸ֡
ȻӶʵԶԶ㣬ǣĽ
ʱһ߸߹һۣصε֯߰ɣҽ㣬£Ӷλô죿ǿɶԸҪû취Ըǳ
еһˡ
ģҶԸЦ
㡭߸¶һĨ֮ɫ
ɫһϢȻǣȻһӱǵӽûǸ߸ӷӦӰһһס߸ӵĲӣЦڿ˰ɣ
ɡԡ߸ӱͨ죬촭ĿоǺȻ
ʱֹʮȫĿɿڴؿ죬ô벻쿴ȥôᣬȻʵ֮ǿ
ſ߸ӣһĨЦжղСӶŽˣҪǾ͵ôٶˡ
ԣΪ˼СգǱһزУȣȥ֮ƾ£˭Ķ˶Ҳ
ڶ㣬ȫҵȥ֮󣬲Ū죬ɱˣֻнɱˣǲſ԰ĵҶһˣƾǵʵ·һ޵ڶֽ
ס˲ҷԣȫͷӦҲûҪԣΪ˵ȷʵ
߰ɡһͷתȥ˲ҵȫϡ
ֵǣߵǷӶŵĺ󷽣š
ѵҪǴӺɱȥ˶аš
û뵽ǣֻߵһӲݴǽǴͣ


006 ¶
ǴȥóһѽӲʱ¶һֻһŽȥˮ
˳ɣЦôˮΪôΪʵΪ˲ƸԼŰɡҲˣԼ˽ȥ
˳һ£ѵһȴȥҲ˽ȥҲٳɣһ˽ȥ
Ҷע⣬ǧ𾪶˷ˡڷԺӵһǽǴ˵ǳ
˸Ūһҳһ֮㾲Ĳ
óΤȸ׼õķӶڲͼ쿴һָС¥Ӷסһ˴һȥϮǣϢ֮ʣܽɱ
ס˵ͷȴûжŤͷ죬˼ʣǶȥƴˣȥ
Цһָͼֽû´ĸ߲ӦֶӦҾҪȥ
һۣҲ˵˱Ȼȥ
˵ıӰʧ㣬Զȥ
Ҳ֪ӶǲΪ̸гɹûߣԷ˾裬һ·֮ϣȻֻҹߣ˶ʿĨ˲ӣ֪˭ɱǡ
Ҫ֪ͻʿ֮󣬽ѾԽʵһԸʿȻ׾١
ܿһС¥棬һɭ˺ܶ࣬վڣѲߵߡ
ڰ۲һۿѲߵѾԶȥӰһһĲӱ㻮˹ȥ
ֻǰһҪʾɲһҲ˵仰ֻܷǺǵ
Աߵһ߳ɫһ䣬߹߳һѴܵһͷ­׷ɣѪ䡣
콫ϵԱߵĻвӰһŲԶȥƬ֮ҲϢĸɵ
մúʬ壬㷢ѲС˹ѲСӵ˵ǲֻ࣬ˣһһɵȴҲС
סǰһͻȻȫˣɫһ䣬һС
Ļδ˵꣬ӰѵǰԴ˹
á鼱֮£ӽȴֻһѶΪأҲǰһĲӱһǰľﶼת
ãСҲӦӽͬʱҪʾȴӰ硣һһ̣ȫҲ˵ֻŲӷǺǵ
ʲôˣС¥ﴫһŭȣûٹߣӰһС¥˹ȥ
֨
С¥ű򿪣ſڸճһŭ꣬ѳڴſڣһ˹ȥ
󾪣ʵ̫󣬸㱻˸͸
һ߿꣬ȥʱС¥˶ˣһȫȻŽʮΪ֮ǻƿޡ
ڻƿԵ˾ȻȫһɫĻƼҷΣǷӶŵķΣȻǶǻƼ֮ˡ
һˣ̻ͻĻƴ
죬ôƴۺܼ⣬һ˳
ԭﶼİһĨûƴҪӽȴ뱻ƿһѽס㲻Ķ֡
ڻƴҪ֮ʣƿѾ죬Цԭ죬˿ɱҸˣˣһ겻ţȻ˵һ
ûƿޣĿɨһۣüͷһͻƼҵأǽгɣǲҵĶ֡
޳ܵķ֪ҸǲڣҪȻƴŽָ죬ŭ
˻һƼȫɫһ䣬ƿ޺޲һƴˣѴϵϢжϳһ֣ǵʵ͵ֵסԭûĻɵ˭뵽ȴƴ˵˳
ԭڰһЦƴȥˣң㲻


007 ȭ׵
ƴҪ죬ƿޱŭȵұ졣Ȼ֪ƴʱ˵˵䣬Ҳ֪ԻƴǵĻ˵䣬˵׳
ƴүƽʱ˻˭Һƿһɫ˲ܿ㷢Χ˶ƵؿԼȻЩãܿɫһףԼ˵˲˵Ļ
㲻˵ǰɡĿһĨɱ⣬ƿޣɱݺصҾɱ˵
£һѵƿ޵ǰƿɫ䣬ϽܣɸնһȭͷǰѾˡ

ֵԻƿ﷢ŸȭͷѺݺݵĺ֮ϡ
顭
һƿ޵ʱΪѪ⣬һĻֱӽʣµĻƼŵɫҰףȫƿ޿ǿ񣬾ȻֱӱɱĶô
˵䣬Įؿˣõ˻Ƽ˶ȫһƴΪȻŵ˫ȷһƨ˵ϡ
˵ٴһȣһŻƼ˱ȥÿһûƼһ˰벽
ҡҡ˵ۿѱƵǰĽãõûƴȫ䣬һ־Ҳȫݻ١
ɡһƼ˵ˣҲΪǱ𣬾Բܽǵ˵
δ˵꣬ǰ㺮һһͷ׷ɡ
ǷѪΧƼһ˵㱻ŵ̱ڵϣֻû뵽ǣѪҲ׵ĽƼ˵ѪԸˡ
ƴˣһƼˣҲվ
ƴˣΪǱġ

һŭ𣬻ӽȥǿĲʦѣĿĶֻ֣ǻŽһϡ
ʱһЦȴͻȻĶССԶҲܵõǵȥ򣬵ŰɣŰɡ
һĨ֮ɫŤͷһɫʱ䣬ֻһƼվڻƴ󣬶󱳱һȥͬʱﻹЦүΪһƼҵֻίˡ
ֹճ嵽Ѿ̽˻ƴıģٴŴһٻ
ȥԭ㽫ȫڻƴϣΪ֪ƴһ۲۵ķ֮⣬֪ܣΨһϣˣŭǻƼ߱һȥ
Ƽ߸ûжƾһһһؿ죬ʬų˿
ʣµļƼ߿Űʬһŵȫ̱ڵأٿĿ⣬ڿһħ
˵䣬ףٴκ
ұѼ壬ΰɡһʦЦǻƼˣҲǻƼҹ˵ţȻץԼĽĨ˲ӡ
ǻƼˣǻƼҹͬʱһȣ׷׻ӽĨӡ
áӰһһѴһƼߵȥֹʱȴѾˣ˶Ĩ˲ӣʼ̱ˡ
ֹһˡһ뵽һˣҲ΢΢˿ɵٿǾ֮ʱȴһؿһ̣۵һ³һѪ滹Űͷ
ǻƼĵڵϣƬ̱Ϣɫˮ޲ٽЩŪһʬֱ̫ɶˣĻᣬȴƫƫҪ
ʱɱҲȴûйǣѲȭףԭΪȭѾߣȴһĺбҵ
ɱȥȻȥЩߣڸЩߣҲûжٺøС
ʱѾоǿϢ߷ɱȻЩŴЭǷߵĶ˹
ٲߣҪ鷳ˣѾƼҵ˽ڻǣҲֻԺ취
ܳӶŵפأûֱͣСһ·ɱһֱܳͣóеȭס
ȭ׳ʺɫò֪ƤɣǳǶűʯ
ȭ״ϣȭֶָ˶ȭȫϣͺԼֵһݣȫӰָĶ
Ҵȭ֮ÿӳһȭԭҪϼ֣ĵսȴһЩ


008 ͼ
ǳѹôһϲؿȭףȭ׵ĵȼȻߣЧȴϡ
磬̫ûϢˣֻһؼ߽ȭ׾Ͱ˳Сӵ
ѾͷԽԽˣȻұӸ硣ŭȴǵСһֱЦ
ҲûСƽϣС飬˵Ҳһ㶼һؼȭףҲ
һҪװȭ׵ĺӶͻȻ֮䣬ֺԱһС죬Ƿ滹¶һƤӺۼ
ǡ˫һѵ滹ж
ȻӻӲ㣬ܲĶôһƷء
˷֮࣬һʹĽӸ飬ȻſƴСĲ֪Ƥ
Ƥ۵ģ콫򿪣ȻһͼԱ߻дż֡顣
飿һӱüѵѰĲرͼ
飬ǿؼΪ书Ч쳣棬Գ׸ıһߵʣ˭ֻҪһΣţԺоԲƿ
֮⣬֮ʱһ飬ҩЧɱ֮ΪҲΪ֡
ֻγɲףҪǧϣδȫ֮ʱûһã¼֮˭֮
磬ҼͼСҲ𣬶һܽҼǵûͷ֮ǰҲղһݣһֱģϧûҵ
ʲôһС˵ҵĻýҲһݣ
ǵġСǳ϶ĵ
ûаɣʶý֮У˰죬Ʒһ飬һҵһӣȷʵһͬƤֽ
óƤֽ쿴һۣȻҲдš顣֣ԱҲһͼͺղŵõĵͼһ㣬Ҳŵͼһݡ
ǿеļŵͼƴһŷ֣ŵͼȻȱһ顣
вȱĵͼð죬ͻȻģͼ˭ģΪʲôҪֳɼݣڿű֣ȴ֪ȥȡⲻĥ
Ȼͼ֮˺Ƿŭ񣬵ҵ飬ϧ黹δ죬Ѳͼ
Ҫ֪ҲҪǧϵʱγɣܶʱԵҵҲû죬Ȳĳ졣
ģ˭ţˡ
СֱЦռ䶫ᣬһŵ磬ɵÿɰҪǲѵͼֳɼ֣ڻ䵽ϣͱȡˣܵõݣ֪ɣҪ֪ͷôһô£Ҳŵõһݶѡ
ðɣҷɵˣܵõݣѾȱ˺ܶࡣЦҡͷСڵȥ
γһұ޸ףƼҺ;ɱ󻼡
ڻ֪ȥ򣬾ɱܲҲ֪ھɱЩСආ첻мȥ鷳ݾߣҲԶԾɱɶʧ
ԣڱֻʣұȻﶼԣұֻЩɭɽƫƧ֮طбҲ˸ҹˡ
ûСشͻȻ˫һϵŵͼҪȥ飬ȻϵĵͼȫɴµķΧܹģһЩƫƧ֮СѰ˵ͱأ
磬ûɡСЦõصͼʾôܲһƬƬҰɣʱҵҲҵ
Ҳû£Ҳ飬Ҳû޸ıֵ˵ǺģҵͿԼ츳øãиףͬ˶ԡ
Ȼ첻֪ǣʵ֮֮ʱѾ֮Ҳ̫ãȴʵ
ðɡȻСЩԸ⣬ǼֵҲֻôӦ
ΪܰĵѰ飬˴׼ڸһС˲ʳڻý֮С
Ϊʳ꣬׼˲ٵĵζƷĻ˵ʱԴҰζʲôĿųԡ
˴ҰҪĶƷһһƷСˡ
׼һжĿĵضȥҺǵͼʾһʤ۹ڣ㵽ˡ


009 ¶
ڽɭʤ۹һɭ֣½ҲŽǰɭ֣ᴩʮңԴǳķḻŷḻĸҩзḻĿʯ淢ùʯ
֮⣬滹ڶޣϲðߺӶá
ҪѰ޸׵Ʒ֮⣬ԭ޺úԼ
ڵˡǰǴдɭ֣¶˷ܵЦݵС˵ǸôѰңܲҴܰɣ
һ£˵޺Խ߾ԽкܶǳȺӳġ
磬ǾѰҰɡС˼һµȥȷʵ̫Σˣǿ԰ѵͼ껯ķΧֳ飬ȴѰңǵĽȥʵҲ
ãô˵ˡóͼġһ֣ȻΣճ̶ȷֳ飬ЩָԼһЦǾһ顣
˵ţɭȥ
½ɭ־ԲǵϵɭֿɱȣȻںڽɭΧϰ׸ߵľȴȱȽǡ
սһСһ㣬˷ܣʱĻȥһЩҪ˲ܺΧĹ
С㿴ǲһ޵áһ˷ָܵһֻ߳֫쳣׳´Ĵõ
ǾǵáСƺȥץסľٶѵ磬ǧСãȻֻһޣʵһ㶼ܵÿ죬Ըߣ֫ǳһԲһʿ
½֣һͨҰޣʵһ㣬ǿ׳ͨ˶ܶԸһǷǳֲޣ½͵һҲ֮ߵʵֻͨ·һ
޸ǵʵҲŵȼĻ֣ǹΪʮΪһΪʮߵʮֶӦһ൱֮൱ʿԴơ
⣬Ұ֮ڣ޶ǻۣȼԽߵǻԽߣ˵ȼﵽһ̶ȵ޻ܻΪΣпһΪЩ޾ǵϴ˵е֡
ô˼һ£ˣԩ޳˼ϢǾͲҪȥˡ
ôɰĴӣɱ̫ˡСҲͬ
ӰһڵĴת˲䣬һֱ˫۵ĵþȻۿһۣȻ±ϡ
ɭǰУת졣
໡
һǺ˼žɭ֣Ƭ֮һӰǱɱʮֻСŴ죬仹˿˿ľ׷
Ϊǣٶȿ죬ײУһҧסܵȫ״̬еͼ֮гɱ
ģЩ׷һʱô׷ǰӴܵͷ󺹣һķŭڽɭﵽʳôһˣ춼׷ʲô
磬ѵˣײУֻҪǵͬ鱻ɱǾǲݣղɱ˺üֻǣǻŹŹ֡СѵҾø绹ͣɱ˲ǣҪȻһ·У˵ǡ
໡
С䣬Զ㴫һǺõɫ䡰ģǡ
䡣
Ҳԥһͺ֮һתһΣѻΪһϵ
໡
׷һܵɢϣʱȫͣһ캿вѣȴһ˿η塣
ֻǱ׺ݣɱ֮ͬ˱㲻ݵıõǸûкˡ
ȥ
һ컯Ϊһ⣬һ˲嵽Ⱥ֮УצһǵԴץȥ
ǲΪǵ֮һȻжη壬һ嵽ǵǰһȫԱ¶
໡
Ǳ칥ǲû˺ҲûжܣһԾ𣬶צҧ

մ﷢צǻһ𣬵еצһ飬ҧǰȥ
顭
ǵݱһûüҽУţצץͷ֮ϣһ죬ͷѱը
ʱΧҲۿǾҪҧϣһβֱӽͷǸɳȥ
ϧжʮֻΧѾǸʵʵҧϡ


010 ɱ
һ鴫ȫȫһվȣʮͷϴĵȻϵĿԲʵ̫ȫֵܡ
Һã۵ķǿ˼ͷǿ¼ӡ֮⣬Ǹûҧֻۣϵĵ絽졣
ȥŭӴһתǻҧϵǱ㱻зȥֻʣͷǿܿ
սҰһȣһȭǱȥ
໡
Ӱһһŭȭ֮ϼֻӰԱƽʱһɢѹҲǿ١
ôһ𾪵ؿǷϮӰĿɿڴֱӰһȺУʣµȫըѪ⣬ŷӦ
ǱԽԽɰˡСЦص㲻˵ȭʦ죬ʺսʱʹãȻǿ󡣡
ǰҲʹùôûôĲࣿ첻ʵ
ǵʵ̫ӣҲӺܶġС͵Ѿʿ齫Ҫ֪ܴģˣͬȴҪöࡣ
һ˼ͷСôû뵽أ
˵ţһǺٴһȻΪʵʱѾӳ٣ɸվһսѾûʱپһսˡ
Ӱһ켱ԶɱȥЩûǶɱʧӰ١
뿪֮Ƭ̣һȺʮͷȺղŴ򶷵ĵطֻǽһĻ쿴»־塣
ֻǲûȥ֮ǰ˵ǣȥֱӽҧʳ
ͬ鶼ԣ治Ϊײе֮һ
һܳʮʱѾȷûΣ֮һŴ¡
˻Сܵĵʹۣ̲סղ״ֱ̬ǵ컹ûôۣɴʱһָ״̬ټϵѹʹĶ
ҺķǿҪȫҧһڣҾûҧ´ʱҲϽóҩ˿ϣƬ֮ʹ㱻иҲһ
һʣսüͷһ壬ССעΧһ󡣡
ȻڽɭҲͼʱ䣬⼸ᵽ˺ڽɭֵգޱأ˵һֻòޣ޶ΣһǷ֣ǴӲǷж⣬ȫҪĳ
⼸죬ÿ춼޴ս峡Ҫ䣬Ͳ֪˶ٻء
ԣʱսʣ࣬Ҫ䲹㣬ײеޣʱûս֧֣£ҲϢӳȥ
ģֻǣСšСɵĴӦ
תһʱȥеͻȻۣ¶ı飺սʵǰһ㣬ʿԶˡ
Ϣһ뿪Ȼ߲Զһ㴫˹
һǰȥƬ̣߱ǰһӶ磬һһɫĺ档
ӶһŰˣʦһԼӶ־ˣʦҲʿʵӶǿϲ٣ʱΧӶơ
ԭת뿪Ͼ½ϣִ춼ڷ˭Ҳ˵˭˭ǣ͹ܲοֻһ۵ʿ
ɾת˲䣬Ŀⲻ׵Ӷǰ΢ɨ϶ʱһĨ조ЩӶǰ΢ôƼҵıôأ
ѵ˵Ƽйأ룬ڼвûзƼйصӶš
ɻ֮ʣӶһʮ꣬üһŭЩ˱ŭɱӶԩ޳𣬶ǻƼҵֱӶţѵҪΪУ
ҾɱʱҪԹгųˣһſЦӶƼҵֱӶô˵ֻƼҴһӶţƼңҾɱֺξ
˵ţȻ䣺ɱһ
Ǿɱˣɫһ䣬ͬʱҲ˼ӶϢ
ӶԭʤΧڰ˵Ӷţһ㣬ȴʵǣͻȻһ֣ͻƵʹǵҲһͻƵ


011 
ӶʤÿǶŷֲԻ͸ΪԴδ˵ڰ·ٱĿ̡
⣬ǵͻƼңƼеĻȫίиǻͣܶ˶ƼйϵҸΪǱƼҵΧ
ǰֻǲ²⣬ղǴüĻȴ֤ʵ²⡣
ȻƼҵҶԷǾɱȻܲܣϾɺǰҲ١
˫ȭգ߶飬ʵӰһգۼ嵽սΧ
ȥ
һȣһ߱һȭϮȥʱ˭ûע⵽˹Ҫ֪ڽɭַǳ֮Ȼ˲٣һס
֮߱ʣȭͷѵıܣһݺݻ֮ϡ
ǿɳȥ˲佫ȫ飬ɳǽǰļ߸ײ
һɱ
û˿ĳɣȭһ㣬ԱߵľɱϮȥÿһһɱߵƬ̣ɱɱϡ
ģĻ쵰ҹҾɱ£ɡһеȵľɱŭȵԭ뿿žɱ죬ȴȻ¶һĨɭȻЦּɱЩɱʿʦ
һɱɱֱɱԭѹƵӶڵõһ˿ĻᣬͬʱҲޱߵķŭɱ⡣
ɱɱЩɱ֡һʦ˫ۣȫѪһͷҰޣžɱɱȥ
ɱɱӶҲɣһȫ˿ڵʹųɱȥ
ԭʮɱɱ֣һɱ֮Ҳֻʣʮ뱩ŭӶ֮£գۼʧˡ
һɱԭȥԸ죬ȴӶеҲûĽõþɱһȻȴ鲻
ˣɱ֪ȥֻʧԽ󣬵һȣҪȥ
ܣҲеüһЦ˹ȥͬʱ쿴±ߵսɱƣӰһһתܵľɱ˹ȥ
սҰһͺȣӰȭͷ֮һӦҲ죬ӽӰ㻯ΪƬƬƬţӰݺݵĺ֮ϣֱӽ⡣
ǿֲһĻɱŵþźˣȴû˿˻һɱȥ
áɱɫ䣬Ҫȴβûʹղǿֲһд󶨣ٱϿʵҪ̹ȥ
һĨЦͻȻȭΪƣֱץɱһץС
ɱû⣬ΪղٶץסģҪ֪еǵؼнУץǱؽơ
ɵɱһǽץȴû˿ķӦʱɫʱˡ
ؼнЩ˵Ǻܸ߼װһţܵõװ
һؼн׵װѾֵýôû뵽ϵȭȴǵؼ߽ףؼн׵ƿܡ
ȥɡϴһĨЦץʹǰһͬʱһֵֻȭͷϮ
ɱԼѵؼнúأһʶ᲻֣嶼ǹǰȥ
áܵȭͷľ磬ɱɫ䣬Ȼǲᣬ֮䣬ѡſ
ɴʱһжˣָɿץֱǰһһѺݺݵĻھɱ֮ϣõһġ
ɱǿĿڵʹվȣĿ֮һ޴ȭͷѵǰ
䡭
ûзӦȭͷѺݺݵĺ֮ϣǿõŶȥҲɳȥ
û˿֣Ӱһ˫ȭȻɱƴĶܣҲһűȭڵϣǾðѪ鴤±ûϢ
ȻڼľɱƴԮɱӶͬΧסҲͳ岻
죬ҿ㡣ȥ˽һɱɱ֮ʱԶȴһ󽹼ĺͬʱдĽŲ


012 Ӷ
ɫ΢΢һ䣬һصŤͷȥ֮ʱһ˲ߣҲǾɱˣһȺӶŷεӶ
ȺӶ߲٣ʮˣй־ˡ
ǣûٳ֣ʱʣµļɱԼɱӶҲˡ
˫ӦȻһӶʿǣҪƴɱɱһĻҰףϾǾ
ӣһɱһĨ֮ɫ͵һһΧӶˣ漴ֲҪһȥڳУԷһ㲻ȫһȥõ񲻵òܡ
ɱȴһ˲ĻᣬתӶȥ
Ҫӡ˵һȣ׷ȥ
ӣûôסǶӶ֮еҲһͺȣɢΧİΧ֮£ɱȻƴһ񣬵ջûӵ
ľɱߣ˱ɱ֮⣬ҲӶȫɱ
ˣԭӦôȫʤľɱȴΪĳ֣ʹȫû
лλֵܳλþȵӶ˶һм˹
ҽзңӶŵӣжӣһСӵĶӳղֵ֣ܳǿ¶ھɱϡ
ǰûСֵ㣬ҺЩֵڿȫһʬˡһҲмҽӶŵӣжӣСӵĶӳ
λЩɱɱʤףΪһߣӦõġЦҡҡͷ
ˣҲ˾ɱҡͷɱʤȻʵһ˵ʵŽǰʮҲδУȴΪ֮ҲǼɵ֡
֮ǰҲЩԹҲ̸ϵ񡣡Цλȴһ˿ڰɡ˵ĵľɱûϡ
˵ͷ͵°˿ڡ
ЩӶҲ˹ȻǶƵҲܸмܹûз飬˼䣬Ҳû˵
˰˿ڣϯضھɱͻȻϮһĪΪ֮ǰûɱκεĶԹ
⵽Ϯ֮⣬ڽɭӶжСȫ⵽ϮֻСû⵽ôǿ
һǾ·ͬѰϱԭ׼ȫ뿪ģþɱϮǣ˵ҵһЩ
󣬷ԼǵղŸԼǵȫ뿪ˡ
뿪Ӷüͷ΢壬˵ڷǶ˲ᣬڽɭԭ쳣ټϾɱ׷ɱ͸ΣգʱЩӶӦֻ·ǲǡ
СֵǲǾú֣Ц졣
ȷʵͷǵΪܲϳ
ʵⲢûʲôֵġҡͷÿڲȻӶСúϸ񣬾໥໥ľȴĸǿֻ־ԣڲ֮䲻ʹı໥㡣
ҺԼղ㿴Լ⼸ˣСһģһʮˣֻǾ˴ﵽΪӳҪôսҪôŬ
С˵Уʵȴﵽ˽ֱӳΪӶŵųԸҲѡƼңΪִ£֮伤ҡ
УڱС֮ǰʶϵãʵҲǿڶҲֻһⶼֻǸͻƵһ񡣡
СĳŵҶۺ죬Щƽ˵˵Ϊ߸ϵƼִ£ǳΪӶŵųǶǰģԴҶƴ
Ϊ˴ѹҺ񶼽ˣʱĸҵС鷳Ҳ̫ĿŵΣڵõǵԮ֮Ȼаٰ㲻ԸǼæ֧ԮС֪Ǳ˵ųִ£ѱ
ڣԼԸҲֵˣǱ޳ԵǱɱɱûйϵûвǵĽ
˻һһԵҲЦҡҡͷεֻҪ棬ﶼٲ㶼㲻Ҫ벻ѹס͵ȥ˵ʵƽʱֻᣬҲŹ
˵ţСֵܣǲǾúܲ˼飿


013 ħ
ûʲô˼ġҡҡͷȻ˵úֱףȴУֻҪʹıֶݺԵľʹҹͬ
ŶĵȻ飬Ҳǲ첻ѡ
ʱٴοʵǿ˵СɺСɣ
ȻƼֻһС㡣ЦҿԴɻı飬ʵѵСֵ㲻֪ӶɺСţ
Ӷţо뵽ǸԼСȻôһӶţֱ
ѵô
Сֵܣ㲻ӶƼ֪ɣҲһؿ졣
ҪǸղɱĶԻһ治֪ӶƼЦ
ѵСֵܲǳʤ֮һٴβʵӶƼ֪ģԭǻΪĳƼҹϵõļӵܣԲųϾ俴ȥ󣬵ʵȴǿһܹóġ
ֻǸһСгģλҲ̧̫ˣЦҡͷ
ǣɫ΢΢һ䣬һ𾪵ؿѵСֵܾǸҵү죿
ǾȻ֪ңһؿˡ
ԭү˿ЦѹôʵôǿǻΪгүء
ô֪ģ˵ɾ˼ˡЦС㽫ϢƼңƷҪңүΪ̫ˣƼҸûһΪСүһƼڳϵ֧£ү
ƼԼӶŵĸ߲㶼֪ܶ˻ȥҵϢ
һд󾪣ԭɺΪ˰ԼȻô顣
ƼҲһ鰡а
漴ֿˣЦõҵϢ֮ǲǶʧ
ϣ˾ҡͷһصҾƾܹܻңѾ֤ԼʵС۹ûпˣȻңԺ;
λ̫ˡЦҡҡͷȴе⣬Ͼǿļ塣
ү磬ǿɲܡҡͷƼҵĿ䣬λɱǸ߶ˡ
ⶼֵܣĻƽôࡣЦԵǸղŻСֵܣڽһ磬ȴԸӦѵǿң
⡭˳һֻôӦ˴磬Ҳֵܡ
ϢһֽսӶҪ֪ӶÿСʮˣСһҲʮˣӳҲŰˣĶɱɱˡ
ֵǷģǵļˣֻҪһСû⣬Ͷǡ˫۷ؿǰʮµķضѣ嶼΢΢ķ
ϢֵǣʣµֵһΪǱҲ˫ۣȫɢűɱ⣺ֻҪǲһӣΪǱ𡣡
𡭡
ʣµļӶȫ˫ۣŭ͸¶ɱŵɭΧ޶һɱ
ڽɭһСɽСһȺûһ㣬С߽϶ΪһȺ
ۿɫѾһĿ࣬Ŀ絶˸ű֮һͷһŻĴ͵֮۾ۺʵСӶˣΪʲôСûл
ȻǱһ۵ĻȻȫǾɱŵɱ֣Ǻͷ󺺣Ǿɱλų֮һʲô֣޿֪ΪɱԣޱߣǸȡΪħ
һħȫһϽվصظųȥ鿴Ӧò˶ñܻ
£һ˱ҴµųСȫû
ʲôɫһ䣬ôܣһӶֻʵСӲܴСôȫûǲΪ
ǣȫǽˡ˷ǳ϶Ļش
⡭Ҫ˵ħվźصȥս֮ء
ǡ´Ӧһŷħ뻢˱ȥһͷˣҲȫվȥ
һħ˱㵽ɱս֮أЩɱʬȻڷõĶѾߡ
ɨһۣħôֻ˵ʬ壬Էʬأ


014 Ϯһ
ǰ治ԶһµѣҹǶԷǵʬˡ֮ǰĺĻش
ں˵Ĵ£ħܿӶĵطǰ·أħһĨѪĺ⣬ڿҾɱ˶ʬҰƾʲôΪ
ǡ
ɱ񹷰ȥƬ̣Ӷʬ㱻Ǹٳ䣬ǡ
ֱӶʬٳɱйһͣ֡
ųô죿ŷħӸղʬԿԷ˸֣һɱҲ֪Ǻεʵĸ֣Ҳ¶ˣ˵ǳı
ħЦһʲôҾɱûб
˵ţħ͵ߣңʲôֶΣһðƻӶɱ⣬ӵɺҵѣҵҪʲôĸ֣ȻɱҾɱˡ
ܵħŨصɱ⣬оɱɱֶȫһϽǡ
תȥϵ˶õò࣬Ҳû뿪ǸһѰҾɱټ
ϾɱҲĳˣҶˣЩദ˵Ը񶼷ǳֱʲô˵ʲôȻʱ˵Ļֱףȴǳദõ챻Ǵӱͱӡ
죬ûҵɱ˿ۼϾڽɭ̫Ҫˣס
ӳһӰٱǰҸղڶⷢһӺߣȻĸҵĸоӦǾɱˡ
Ŷ¶ϲɫжˣʵΣ
ֻ࣬ˣѰʲôӶشʵ̫ͣǵʵ
ҹǺܿǡһ˼ɱǳرɱôˣǲŽ֡
ֵ˵òǿ϶ǡһĨɱԩ޳ôֵУҲǣû뵽
ɱǣΪֵǱ𡣡ʣµļӶ
ߡҲ£һͺֵӶ£ɱȥ
Ƭ֮ǱҵǶӾɱ֮ˣ֮ǰӶ˵һȺȷʵֻˣǿǿֻһ
ȥһͺȣ˾һȺҰǣųȥ
áɱɱһǳɫһ䣬Ϊ׵񵱼󣬸䡣
һǳɣֻг˰ƴСȴһֻʮҲ£ɱϲһ
ɱɱҲѵ٣Ӷǲû̫ľţһѸٽϡ
ǳ嵽ɱɱֻвʮʱǾɱͻȻһ
ݡ
£ã䣬ƿ
á
Ǵ̶ƿҶɫ䣬ȫͻȻðһͬʱҲ⣬Щȥ
ϡ
һ֮˵ȫ֮£ɱĵһǻ䣬ֽõþɱɫ䡣
и֡ɱҲһ֮ˣһԷȻ񣬵ɢӣ渱ų
ɱûгɣӰһ׷תĴȥ
ǾȻˡеһĲ죬ɱǳײУǰֻ˵ľɱûӵģͻȻôһһʱЩܲˡ
һҷֿ׷ҵҲ£Се󡣡
ǡ
ʣµļӶסɱǸ񽻸ҡδ£һ˳ȥ
⡭ıӰ಻ѣԭǴֵġ
ˣֵʵǿȥɡ˵ţɱɱԱȴһˡ
磬ȻǾɱҪķɱ콫ʵ֮ʣҲƬ̱㱻׷ϡ
ݡһãͻȻԾɱһ˲㵽ǰ
ҲҡЦһ֮ƣһ֣ȻεץС
һٶõǾɱɫ䣬ʧ
ڲ֪ѾˡϮϣȻɱǰԷ鼱֮£Ȼһȴȭ׵һץεץС


015 Ϯ
ϡ
һΪأ漴һаһ㣬ݺݵĴ̽˾ɱļͷ
ɱһҽУδվȣٴϮžһȭ򵹵ϡ
˵˶ˣ˭ӣΪʲôھɱţ˵˵Ҳɱ㡣
Ȼ䵽ϣҪɱҪ㣬Ҫ˵εĿģܡɱһЦ˵
˵ǰɡ¶Цһžɱ˿ڱȥ
ĲҽгԶӶһһΪдŵʹʵ̫¡
ȴûᣬʵ˵ǲ˵
ɱҰɣɱҰɣˣɱҰɡɱ񲻶ϵİ
׻˵ţ㻹ᣬдõʱ⣬Ϊʲôôյš
ȻܹɱǺ⶯ģһ뵽ɱͽֶΣԸһɱҰɣҲ˵Բ˵
˵ţͻȻһĨ֮ɫţ㿴ŻƷۡ
áɫһ䣬˶ȥɻδվȣǻƷ䵽ɱϣ漴㿴ɱ񷢳ʹĺУҲð̣쾪ֵĿ֮£Ƭ̱Ϊһѻˮͷûʣ㡣
⡭ŵϵĻˮϾǾ֣Ҳֲ̫ˣղŻǻˣżȻͻΪһˮⶾҲ̫һ㡣
ð죬ŴӾ֮зӦɱȻԱ˺Լͬ
ͬʱУɱҲԽǿң˿ֲĶȥԸң뵽Ķڷ
еĿֲ뵣תȥ
ֵܣôˣһ죬һʵɴʳʲô
ûСҡҡͷɻ󣬸ղڱƹôʲôûʳ֮ʣ콫ɱõĻƷһ˵˳
Ȼʬʴۣɫ䣬һֵؿ졣
ʬʴʲôɫصĿҡ
ֵȻ֪һʵͷϽ͵ɱɱ֮ŷɥǵĶҩʬʴ۾ڵһ
˵ʬʴҪһ߸ʬȡʬȻ󾭹ķƶɣԺǿմϣʱҲʮϢΪʬˮ£
û˵ղǻƷ۵ɲš
ôǿľ綾ѹʤǡаͬʱֺʵΪʲôþɱܹвǵɱŴȥأ
ⲻ˵ҡҡͷʬʴۺƣԭ֮һ
˵ɱɱĴ֮һҲ廰Ⲣûеõ֤ʵҲûгϣͬҲûзϡ
ԣɫһ䣬ɱ֮ĶԹСԼµľɱв٣ԷԲôưոݣԼҲܷŹɱɱĴ֮һҽԼɱǲ͵ҽ˳
ΪĴ֮һƼһ𣬾˵ʸ־кüˣָʮǿʵҶǣֱѻʯ
һиҶҲߣ𡣡аԷĵҲ⡣
ֵܣôˣͻȻס
û¡ع΢΢һЦϸû˿Ľš
û¾ͺáҵͷѵΪɱ˲پɱˣԺǻСһ㣬ȻǲὫɱɱ֮˵Ϣȥ֮ǰв֪˵˭֮±й¶˳ȥ
ҵĵеģ֮ǰӶſжʮ˿ɱɱ֮ˣȻδػɱйܣ˭Ҳ׼ô˭һ˵˳ȥ
ǲõģɱôġ쿴Щ𣬵Ц֮ǰҲɱЩͻ
ô˵ֵԺҪСһǡ̾Ϣһ˵ţԶ㴫һӶĺӳˣжˡţһӶһʮӶ˵֮С
û˿ĳɣȥŵӶ֮УֱһźѪ⣬ɫҲ̿һ㣬лźѪ
ǿĶҸжӶһ飬ɫҲΪѿ̧ͷǽ䱧ӶʵǾɱɱأɷҵҩ


016 Ϯ
ûСӶһҡͷʱҿ˶ͼűɱҲûˡ
㡭ɫһ䣬ӶðҧҲûнҩΪʲôҪɱأ
ҡӶᶼˡ
𼱣ҵĹƣЩͨľɱɱδؾнҩȰ˵һԻýóһƿһöҩιжӶƬ֮Ӷϵĺɫ㿪ʼɢ
һƷⶾҩЧȻôǿĶܽȥ
лֵܡͬʱ칰ֵл˰֣ʱɳȥЩɱľɱɱʬѰҽҩӶҲ˻ԤһЩ˵϶жȴûнҩ
һ˼֪ԭЩǾɱڲƳģǾɱҪֶ֮һҩôЩͨɱ֡
ҪǽЩҩй¶ȥǵĶҩҲѶԱá
ȻһһӶжڽⶾ֮˵ǲأɱһȴȫûлһ˵һʤ̡
ʰһսõĶȫߣǾɱȶӶ˵Ƿıֻϧ̫ߣǸò
ɽ֮Уһɱɱ־ʧܵħǰڵأصųǷЩӶŵˣܹʮˣ񡣡
ħһĨ֮ɫȥ
ǡɱִӦһתɱȥħʹգħûһôûл
жȻ޹ȴûз֣ʵҲû߶ԶǶڲԶؿǡ
ֵܣ˵ξɱΪʲôôôˡžɱȥıӰ𾪵ղһʮɱ֣ϵĸ־нʮɱͻȻôʦڣԲһС¡
ͷҲµصЩͨɱҲ˵ֻǸӺǸͷӣ˵ǶһȻǺ췢ӹмΣη壬Ǻ췢ӵʵԱǿ
˻һ˶˵ǷǳĿֲ˵ǿĸ֡
ѹָղǺ췢ӿڵķҶеһһؿҵô죬ǸͲǵĶ֡
һӳĬˣԭߵľɱɱ֮ˣ͵ϮǣԣһֱڲԶ͵
ɾɱˣԷʵԶǵ񣬸Ͳ⼸ܹԸˣȥ˳𣬷ȫ
ð죬һ׳˶ɫᶨӶͻȻֵǵĳܲ
ԣֵǵĳܲӶҲһᶨص
һۣɫҲ𽥼ᶨ˵ͷãֵǵĳһҪҾͲһֱһ𡣡
ӦòᡣҡҡͷǸɱǼˣԾɱ磬ʱ϶ŭԻɳڸѰǣҲǵĻᡣ
ãô졣Ҳݺݵصͷ
һԼʵ˶ǿĵظȥľɱ󣬶û߶ԶɱĴ֮бֳʮɵСȥ
첢ûǣǼţһֱȷħ˻صɽȣķء
ҵˡһЦŶԷҵ˵ɱھסǰʮһɽ֮С
ǰʮ룬ͷȷʵһɽȣǰʱܶʱҲס
ǶϤؿŷҡ
ȻЦС涨ÿ궼ڽɭڽɭ̫Σָߣʲô£Ҳÿڹ̶򡣡
ԭͷһתɱѾɳСѰǣÿСʮʵɱ֣Ƚ͵ϮһСӦû⣬ֻǰҪܣҪ뽫ȫ£ȴЩѶȡ
һ˼ҳֻǸֵǱ͸׾ɱΪʲôԸǣһвܣ͵Ϯɹ֮תơ
ΪСҲͷ
ãǾ͸һͷ˾һȺèɭдһ֮󣬳嵽ǰͻȻһ֣ŵ˵˵ڵء
ֵܣôˣǰʵ
ǰһӾɱָָǰʮˣʦʿ


017 Ϯģ
͵Ϯ֮¿ԸɵˣʣµİǵʵӦû⡣ǰŵľɱɱ֣дŨصɱ⡣
ǳǱѹȥģǱǸݴʺ͵ϮҵͷǵǱȥǡ
ϢݴвɱɱָûзǣȻһǰǰ
ת۰ʱȥɱɱԽԽѾܹȫǡ
ҶϸˡһС˫˸ãɱֵͺų˵ˣ˭ҪҵһӶʮҡ
ǡɱӦг˷֮ɫȴ֪ԼһŹŹضȥ
ۿɱɱѵٲ֮⣬ҶԵļӶ׼Ǽʦ
˵ͷ׷׾󣬾ھɱɱߵٲ֮ʱͻȻһȣ䡣
ݡ
ֻһֻڰдһĨãǳΪĿļɱɱָûзӦѺݺݵ֮УȫҪ
Ĳҽг𣬶ʱҵһ˳ȥ
ɱ
Ӱһٲ˲㵽һûӦľɱɱֱһȭѪɳȥ
ãӶŵˡСʶһͺȣӽȥ
ЦһȭͷϷŰսһ
䡭ȭһͬʱľ
ȥվȣС˫ۣȫٴӽȥ
һĨЦһת콫ʵ۷壬ͺϴһٴζСһȭȥ
ϴεľ飬Сʵ࣬Ҳû⣬Ϸ¶ѪЦ
ȭͷͽԺ䣬ŵؼ߽׵ȭףչ黹ǻһЩ·磬Сһ㶼ġ
ɵȭͷһʱСɫȻ䣬Ϊһֲľ˳ϴܣ˲ﵽֱۡ
Ǿֲ̫ȫѾֱܳܵļޣһ·ֱ֮ϴһıըһֱܵอ˲䱬ը
СѪʮ֮⣬˺ð죬û
һǽƺˣС׵ʧȥֲ֮ɥ
ߵСǰû쿪˵Сؿ조ñɣʵǿڵһȴʾҷŵ;ԡ
вԡЦֻܹ̫Դ󡣡
˵ţ͵ߣ˵ɣ˵ǵĿģҿԸһʹ졣
˵ɱ֮гֹͽģСЦ
ǰȷʵûУҵֶΣܹõҪĶһѪ΢ЦСȴֻЦ֮⳹׵ļŭ죬±ֶΡ
𾪵ǣǴ˶ԷƣǺ϶ԷָСǷĲҽУȴʹʲô˵
ֵܣôҺЦʵ
û취ʲôֶΣǲ˵εҡҡͷʵǱأ
ȫɱһڶû£⻹󡣡Ц漴ֿǼεСüͷڵ뿪¾ɱûȥҡ
ô죿쿴ŵϵС񣬺ǲʡ
ǰ˵ɱĳԱѵ֮ʱһЩ˵ķʹǸұѾɱڿǿֲһεصҲûãǴɡ
ðɡһͷһŲС֮ϣʱ㴫һ֮СҲҽУƬ̱ûϢ
תǼȥ
ֵܣߣܵһɱ˺ܿҶһͺû˿ĳɣӰһһȺ˱Զɱȥ
Ƭ֮󣬷ħʮɱ߸ϵǵֻʮ߾ɱɱֵʬ壬ûаֵټ
ǰΣħʱŭ˳˫ۣĿһͷ췢Ļ쵰һҪʬΡ
ɭоþûصһ㣬ͼ޶Ĵɱ
Լ֮¶Цݣ˵ǷħҪǸ衣
⼸죬ǲϵϮɱˣѾСӱϮɹֻܵȫɱ
ܹɱѾнʮ˱ǻɱ˴ɱǰǴδԹֱǶǳơ


018 Ϯ壩
ýһӶŭصҪͻȻϮǣЩֵҲȥ
˵ţͻȻɫЩ죬ͷһֱû˵ʵֵܣôˣ
ҷҪͻˡЦʵǰѾоˣΪһֱɱûʱ䣬ʱѹһսȴҲѹƲס
Ǻ°˫һߣǸϽҸεĵط˵ţԶɱȥ
תһȥ˫۵ʱϢԭѾǿ١
ֵܣôҵΧеʵ
ͻˡЦ
̫ˡ˶Ǵϲ׷׹ϲ죬⻹ĽǵУʵѾôǿˣȻôͻơ
ȴ֪ڵҲĵʿѣҲûнϢˣΪ̫Ȼţϵкüˣȴֻһʿ˵ȥҲûš
Ƭ֮˵ٴλָƽʱֿ죬ֵܣ⼸ҲֵòˣھɱѾ׵ŭˣȥ˵ֵǶö
Ҫ֪⵽Ϯ֮󣬾ɱɳСʵҲԽԽǿѾӵʮһӣˣȫѾѡ
ԲעⱻǲϣһɱСӸʱֻ·һϮУüӶ˲̶ͬȵˡ
Ҵ⼸ʳϢҲŪ壬ɱϮǣΪ˶ԸɺС㣬ǶɺС㲻Ҳ뽫ϢͻȥǡҲü˵
ҲôΪͷϵľɱɱѾмʮˣҲǱˣƾڵʵɱǲܵģڻݱܷãĺãǵʵ뽫ɱ˶⡣
οڻҪɺС㲻뾡콫Ϣȥǡ
ھ뿪Ҳ֪Ҳҳɡ
߰ɡ˵ţվҰͳڽɭ֡
ѵֵܲһ뿪ؿ졣
ˡҡͷҵ黹ûڱ¡
ɾɱЩˡһصؿ졣
İɣڽɭôǾҵҲס쵭ȻһЦû˿ĵġ
ı飬ʵҵҲٶ˵ʲô׷վԶȥ
ηħıǼŭˡǶһݴУԶľɱСӡ
һ·ǲ߳ӾɱСӣÿһӶܷɢ໥֮仹ʱкǸ޷Ϯ
ǹˡŤͷͷңôȥᱻǷ֣ǵ취ǡ
Ƕǰ߶ûвݴһȥͻᱻǷ֣Ψ˳ءҽüһء
Ǿ˰ɡͷǻһ룬ٵһԽԽҲԽ׷ǡ
˵ͷҶһƣļӶףȻȥ
ڵıǰľɱСӷ֣ǶǳСĻãɱСӵ˶æҲûзǰݴԴ΢
һ·оգۿҪӳɱСӵΧʱǰͻȻҵĵͺãǰһӾɱ
һ˶ɫ䣬һȫϽڲУһ
ҵԣǰһۣȻǰǧ֮⣬ʮѸٵ
鷳ˣǰоɱˣ߶ûκεڡһصصֻӲˣǻϵһǽ鷳
ҪͳǰһӡһӵԱɢ뿪ķֻҪȥò˶ñ뿪ڽɭ֡
һۣҺͬʱͷ漴ͬʱվǳǰ棬ֵֵܵǽٳȥ
ûҪҡҡͷһȥǻûӦ֮ʣܵĶɱһЩǳ˹ȥǽҲһ鷳
Ķ̫󣬺ܾܿǶӾɱɫĵӾɱǿ񣬽ʮߣͲܹԸġ
˳ȥԷֻҪһǻᾪǶӾɱҡҡͷҪһȥ
һ˼˵ͷͬ˶׼Ҫ֪⼸ɱÿ϶ϵȻڳʱûʱװװõʱֻóûûġ


019 Ϯ
׼ٴϢ˻һֱɱСʮʱ˶һͬʱһȣҳ塣
׵壬ɱɱֳȥӶȻûǵʵǿٶȱҪһЩһҲǽ󣬼ٵǰȥ
áɱɱָշֲѵǵǰȻֱ֣ӽֻʿʵɱָɱ
סǡͷɱһǣһȵ֪ͨСӡ
˵䣬ҲӰһǳȥ
ءͳĺȻɭвԶȥȴɫ䣬ͬʱȵҪɱɱ֣塣
塭Ӷһŭȣ
䡣һɱɱһĨɭȻɱ⣬ŭȵǡ
ݡɱɱó󣬶ǱһҼ
סһתóһʱһɽãγɵĽǽ䣬Ҳһһ䡣
ҲվԱߣϻ裬䣬˵֮£Ӷûܵ˿˺
ɱڴʱҲ嵽ǰ˸һ֣Ķ־Ȼһ
ȥɡ
һ嵽ǰͷ
˭֪أһĨɱ⣬һתʵ͵߸̧
һ
ã֣ޱߣ۶ɱõͷһ¡
ɵһ˲䣬һǣͷһʶϽӽͷ
ϧ޷ȣսҲ޷ȣʵ޷ȣĿܵסһ
ϡ
һ죬Ϊأһֻ̣ͷһһ촫У漴ʲô֪ˡ
һɱ쵱ҪȥǣȴʱЩɱɱֵĵڶ˹
áɫһ䣬Ͻӽȥϧûз˵İæƾһ˸¶Էȫ
ݡ
ƿһű㴫ĲҽС
ǼȫһжӶһ߽ɣһŭȵ
ʣµļӶҵȫ׼ɱǼߡ
ݡ
ƿ𣬼ִɱӦ㱻ҪӶߵ˻̫٣ɱɱװ
ӶߣȻÿ˶󣬵֮ǰѾһѣһҲڸղҪװѾ
鼱֮£ϵӶܵмӶǰϻûץžɱɱ˹ȥ

ûװãɱɱֱһҽУ˵ϡ
óһƿӶˣȻ뿪漴Ӱһܣѳʣµļɱɱ֡
ݡ
ӰЩֻʦʿľɱɱָͲĶ֣˲ɱĸʣµһɱŵĻһֵ֮ģתӡ
û׷ǣӰһתŷǳ˹ȥһɱܷҹ֮ʣԱһ̴ࡣ
ɱֶˣһңǸϽŴ뿪һһսǰ
֮ǰɱǿģһ񵱼ˣõһ˿ա
ҲûתӣڲԶؿǣûɱ֣Ҫ֪ղǵĺѾ˺һӾɱʱֻ߳Ҫǣס죬Ⱥ˸ϵò˶ãи˵ħҲܿ쵽ʱǾᶼѷɡ
ۿǶӾɱԽԽ֪ٵӰһת˱һͺȣߡ
ӳһֵ˸ղŵ֮ô죿һӶһʹĵ
⡭һĨʹһ£źԽԽɱĪһ㣬ֵֻˡ
ӳһӶǲԸľ
û˵꣬ɫһѾˣѵΪ˶𣿡
Ӷ˵ʬҰ׼浱һǻǺѽܡ


020 ħ
ߡһͺȣ˶ȥӶһ𣬷˵Ӷɱ
ݡ˸߳ûһƿȻõɫ䣬ҺһֱСĵķţӰһܣһӣ㽫ֻɡ
ŤͷԶɱֻһЦؿ죬лһ󣬶Ŀ֮£Ȼóװ
ľٶɶʱףֻҪͻһֱԼȻһֱţҪһûзסпܸĴۡ
οţ˵ٶȽò˶ãľɱɱǱὫǸΧ
ߣȥŷ˵ҸҪڣٴȵѵҶ
˵ţһӱҪǽɱҪԸɺС㲻ϢȥңǴɷģǻҡ
һ£̾һðɣֵСġ
˵ţһͺȣѸԶȥ
Զľɱɫһ䣬ŷǱȥȴһһ㽫ɡ
Ȼҽͳȫ㡣һĨЦӰһȥ
֪ҵֵתӣȻһֱźǶӾɱȥͼ֮졣
ߵʵȴ̫󣬽ǧףѵı
ȥһȣ߸𣬶󱳱˹ȥ
һ
áܵϢɫһӱòҰףԭӵģԱȥѾͷ
䡭
Ȼ£ڽã֮£ʧ٣ֻһ׵Ĺ
˻ѳ嵽ǰ״ľɱСӿǿֲһȫŴסˣǴӵҲվ춼ûзӦ
ǲɱҵ𣿡쿴žɱСӣһЦصôˣ
عľɱСBɱЩ˳ȥ޷Ǿ
ǸղŲ׷úܽô˵ţɫȻȻǲҿɾˡ
δ£ӰѻΪһӰֱȥ˲ɱСӵǰ
áɱСеһӽ쵲ȥͬʱɱɱҲΧ˹ȥЩľɱɱǣ׷׽׼졣
һ
ȫɱֵĹ߸߻𣬴ǰĽãݺݵĶžɱС¡
á
ܵǿֲϢɫ䣬תӣһղǿǼʶġ
ȻǵٶôܸϵٶȣתѺݺݵĺϡ
䡭
һ𣬿񱩽ãЩеľɱߵΪУЩûбеģֻ׷ʱ۵һ𣬽һȥ˶
ʿȫʦˣһҲ˲ᣬΪһҪչǵģȻܹУҲ
ӰһȻһصľɱǰһӣûüӽԴ׷ɶ
漴½Щͨɱɱ֣ڿжӳɱܣ̫أûܵȫɱ
ţսһɱɱ֣͵һŤͷԶɫҲȻ䣬Ӱһ߶ȫΪһӰٵԶɱȥ
ܣԶһŭţһǿϢӰ㼱ٴƮĻͷѾȫ֤ݡ
쵰ȻɱҾɱˣҲ˺㣬ҾͲзħħһ׷ǰ죬һŭ
ǰһҲʾЦзħͽзӰɡ
쵰СұؽʬΡħ۴Уǻͷ
ͬʱħٶҲ͵Ƭ̱һء
á
ɫһ䣬ۿħԽԽеȻһת߸߾𣬶ŷħȥ
һ
ã磬ƿͿֲĻϢһõý׷ķħɫ䣬Ͻ˶ȥ
䡭
ãһŴ֮ϣҪ˺ϰ˸мǴһ˰㣬ʹһƬСѹ
ħڿһ֮ҲһĨȻչֵʵǶԶǿö࣬һԱȫһϣ


021 ׷ɱ
Сӵ˭Ƽҿɴû˵һСӡħаƼҲôǿս
Ҳû˵ʤôǿһСӣѵ˵СӸʤˣ
뵽ħһӻսԲʤСӵеģܵõⲿսԺǸݵųô
Ҫ֪½ϣǿһЩĶѪ̹ѪԴϵˣ˸ˣһ㲻
սȴͬսֻҪ㹻սʹãҲûѪ̵ԼԣһЩû㹻ʵǿսҲδظóʹá
ۿľԶˣħ׷ȥ˸ղһȴ׷̫Ϊ˭Ҳ֪ʲôʱͻȻһʱܲ鷳ɾʹˡ
ħ챣ž룬ܵʹղһԶ㿪ͬʱһԵŮ˰㣬ੲݡ
СӣղʹõսӦòʤ˰ɣ
ȥˣ㸸ĸ˭ﶼʲô˵ʶģʱ㳤ķϣҾԲΪ㡣
Сӣô˵ҿǸᣬҪǿ㲻ʤˣᣬھһɱˡ

ħੲݵĻϾЦȻǷħڴԼĵϸ
ԭΪħʶԼϾɱֹģɱҲųͻħΪɱĸųӦöҵָƲŶԡ
û뵽ԷȻʶ뵽ҲħȻѾҲʤ֮ˣΪλҽ׷ᣬشҸղʹսҲӦòµҲһɣ
Ȼ㲻ʤ½д½ĹأԵ޹ɱҾɱʮߣôҲó˵ħЦ¾ĳˣҲø˵
ħ㻹ҵСˣЦһɱ֯ȻҽأԵ޹ɱô˵ֻ֪½ϵĹǿΪ𣬼ȻǲҵĶ֣Ҳˡ
ħҲСɱҵĳˣ㻹˵ʱ͹ˡ
ԣħһݣʵղ˵ô࣬ȫĻڴĻѾԷȷʵһǶԷħӦòƼҡ
Ȼ֪Ϣ࣬ɷħȴ˹˼ɣԷʵ治Ƽʱҵħɱ͵ֵס
ϾƼҼɵɱΪǴʤǾɱĵ̣ɱĴɱ伫Ƽ¾ɱǼ֣Ҫ˵һɱʮɱҲƼҵĶ֡
Էʤ֮ȴɱǾ뱨ѡ
ħĬˣǰɱһĨЦôţħô˾͸Ͻ뿪ҿԲ׷
ҷħһû¹˭컰һħɫһ첻ҶҪСץסʱҿ峤ô˵
˵䣬ħٶȻһ켱ٵĳȻڷħлǶĪеĴ̨Щ˼ɣղʹսȷʵ̫˴ѣշħ̰ռǡ
˵õս뿪ʤ½֮ҾͲҵҡħаԷġ
áǰ쿴Ųķħвã߶սǰʵϵĲ໹̫󣬾ȻڲϵС
һ鼱֮£͵һתһŷħ£ŵ÷ħϽ˶ܣվʱܳԶˡ
ЦһħӰһǰ׷ͬʱ쳣ŵصСҵҪսܹ֧á
ģҵսԻ֮Ĺ⡣Цȴĵóһ߼Уڵġ
һһ֮£սҲǿܹƽ
߾һ׷һӣ˲ʮǰÿһοħҪƽʱѸٵһ˷ħ
ԭħΪ϶ֲ˼һν֮Ҳɻô£СӵսôûĹ⣿ѵ˾˵սҲĶս
ħɻҲǽѣȻŸ߼ʯս޷ȣҪ֪һҪսҲǿֲģȻҪô࣬ʵҲֻʹҪŸ߼ʯ䣬͵ˡ


022 սħ
ôȥˡаħֻں׷ңĲǺܴʵͱǿô׷ȥҳ䵽ϡ
תӦ֮ߡ
໡
һ޺Ȼ֮г˷ŭ
ô£һݣһ·̣ɫ͵һ䡰ãѾļ޵ĵؽ磬Ҫ弶޵ĵؽˡ
ļ൱ʵ弶൱ʵϣ쵹Ҳ£ɺܶ޶ǳȺӵһһϣǾ·һ
ҴӸղ޵ĺжϳص˷棬Լ壬ضֻ֪޵Ϯ
ʱǰޣзħǺ붼ȫһ
𡭡޺֮ٴδͬʱ֡
ˡһҾЩǣƷħ
뵽⣬Ӱһת޺ķȥ
Ƭ̼䣬ĴСֻȫںڣϳħƵıӱ֮С
弶ħ˫һ弶ǿ൱ħӵħ棬弶жĴڣڸһӣҲñ֡
𡭡Ϊ׵һֻΪ׳ħһ죬һŭſھ³һɫħ档
ֻħұҲɣſڱһħ¶ͬʱֻֻгһСħҲһŭ¶
ֻһ˲䣬ħ֮£Χ¶ȻһЩӲ˲ɿݣȼ
áǾһļϢħ棬ɫһ䣬Ӱٺˡ
û˳Զ㵽˽׷ķħǰ
СӣҿܡħЦӽȥ
ҪûôסЦһҲٹǼħ棬һӣħ
䡭
ݺݵĺһǾ޴ĳħķ򵹷ɳȥգ۹򲻵ħ
áħײϵ˲䣬Ҳ˲һ¿
ݡ
ħһߵ¶ȵͽ·档
ҪǰͻȻһɫĹâûӦһϣɳʮԶ
ԭħȻЩδħģΪǵʵħұֺ³ٶ˺ܶ࣬ǰħ棬ȴ˺ħ档
Ǳڵϴ˼ϵħŤͷħղŷħȻע⵽Щħ棬ȴû̫ϣΪǰţħܻϡ
ȴû뵽ͻȻ㿪ʹЩħһӱ㵽ǰֲ
Ȼӽɢһħ棬ֶ㿪ţɻһźݺݵĺϡ
ħʵǿȴû壬׶ûĴħһ൱һɳʮףһѪ
մӵŭĶͬʱӴĺӰҲǰ
ġħ󾪣һ߶ǰħӽֵһ߷ˣͬʱŭϡΪʲôֻңǱ߻һС
쿴ŷħֻħƵǱƬϱ˺üܣ̲סĴЦħúܰɣСүҲˡ
תɫ΢΢һ䣬ΪǼֻδħ˹ȻħǸоħǵвԼֻħȥˣЩδģвԵ͵˹
ƾǣҲ뵲ҡɫһĨЦһֻδħ˹ȥ
һ
ã֣磬Ļ֮һݺݵĺһͷħϡ
䡭
һʯм׷ɣֻδ汪жûзһ㱻궼ûʣ¡
𡭡
ֻδ汪־ĺתɿųħɱȥͬʱܵһֻħЩΧħĳħһŭ׿ħ׷ȥ
áɫһףٲ˿ĳɣתԶɱȥ
ݡ
ħһ󲻶ϷϮõ쾪Ŷ
𡭡ħϷŭ׷ʮȻ֡
ѵһǲ¡ۿħû׷ŭڶ𣬴߶֮


023 ŭķħ
໡
һͳ컯ΪһϵȻת׷ħһȭȥ
սҰ
ȭϹãһһŷŭ֮ǿϣһ
𡭡һ·׷ļֻħһܵɢǿȻͣ£շ־ĺӰѵǰ
顭һȻ죬һֻħӰţըΪѪ⣬ǿĳҲԱߵļֻħˡ
໡һֻħԵֻħһͺתΪһ⣬ԶӶȥֻħˡ
Щһ̾ʧֱȸղ׷Լħԭ׼֮սһҲһסˡô£
磬ñӴСһЦ㻯Ϊϵѹô޷ǿʳЩħ϶㵱ɸΪǿĴڣԸˡ
һ˼ҲˣС˵ȷʵûеǿߣ֮ССħȻ˿ĵֵ
һߣҲ˾ɱĽɱƴֶΣżھɱϣȥ֮ҲֻʣˣҸˡ
ӳô죿һӶһ˿ڣɫҰף˫۳죬ȫɢű֮ĿңʮֵܶˣֻʣǼҲ档
ӳɱȥɣҲҪһһӶҲ˫ۣͳص
һ˵֪е뷨ɱ֮ԶԸǣΪ˰С㣬Ǳ뽫ϢͻȥСֵǶˣֵҲðˡ
Ҫ֪ڸղųʱǿЩɱ˵ħѾȥ׷ɱˣʵϷħ϶׶༪١
ȻҲ뷴ȥ죬֪ô
˷ҵĻ˶˵˫۵ĿȴԽı䡣
߰ɣɱҪ׷ˡԵվһĺڽɭ֣ɱɱӽһ
ݡӶҲ
˶ǳķЩȥӶһڷҵһ֮£ϵˣһֻֻ鱪ɱȥ
ħˣɫĻصɱפأԭоŭܵһ棬ǳ˳ȥеŭĻѹƵס
һȺ
һŭȣֻħһȭǱľɱɱԴϣʱķħһͷħɫ˫۳죬ȫ֮졣
˵ħԭΪħ֣ҴҶɸսű㿴浹ڵϵʬ壬ɫʱһףǸܵħǿ񱩵Ϣȫ̲סһ£Ͻų
׼ôҽħĿ絶ؿŻгɱ⣬һ˻һһų
ħЦˣнʮˣȻôӶס˵Żʲôã
ȫһϾǿ־壬иǺڵҪ֮ǰ˵Ҫ׷ĶֻǼӶвҲû⣬ֻȥ׷
ɱ˶ɱħѪɱ֣Ǵﵽ٣ǶԷʵʮôԽ¡
ɽȴǶԷӵˡ
ųٸһλᣬҾʧڵϣг˰
ħû˵ؿŻǾɱĿ֮£Ĳ³Ϊûϣ֮ʱħڵΪҾɱҲ²ٺͣҾ͸һᡣ
ҴˣʲôһҪЩӶߵСҴǰ˵󣬷ħĲһ䡰
ǡ
ҳɣתȥ
ħħһܳʮͣ¡
С˵ܳȥôһǵСʵЩɱ˴ȻΪ˰С㣬ѵǾͲƼҵı
ȻأӦܹȥһЩˣϾɱȻ˶࣬ҪѲķΧҲܴ󣬷ɢֻҪǲ϶ԷӦòȫ𡣡С˵Ҳ˵
һ£СھɱС㣬ҹƿ϶źܴǲŻô˵һȥҵʵһ㶼ҪԸɱɱ϶סȻǸðƼұΣգǾ֮ȵľ޴档


024 
˼£ͷһ㣬Ҳɱõ׿ϣ˵ɱıпô֪ƼҵĹϵɲôá
ҲпܡСͷӦ
ȻСһ飬ҲһСŮȴ֮ǰİԾһʮ꣬ǻǼʶԶһˡ
ԸСû°ɡ̾Ϣһǰȥ
ڽɭȷʵ쳣İ죬Ĳޣļ弶ȫֻϡ
쵹Ҳ壬ȫ֣弶ޣóҲս˺þãŻʤ
Ȼһ弶޵ڵһͷ弶޵ԴڳһŸӵСӣҲ¶һĨϲЦݡ
Ҫ֪޵ĵҩǷǳǼֿҩǶ֮ϣֵǳĴ
ȻҳΪ֮һ֮Ҳûм弶ڵ
֮²ÿֻ޶ڵֻһЩ츳ܺõ޲ڵܶʱɱʮֻҲδܵõһţļֵˡ
պڵֻֽ޵ƤҪ֪ЩƤƤףֵҲǺܲġ
áպһƤеһȺ񱩵Ϣ߳ɫ΢΢һ䣬Ӱһɱȥ
ĺڽɭ֮УѪζΪеģһѪζܿȺޡ
һɱҪͣ£Ա߲֮һãͻȻ
ݡ
ƿһɫһ䣬һӶֱӽİãɡ
͵Ϯң˫һŵ棬һֻһǰĲݱ˹ȥ

һűһĲҽ漴Ž£ڲľɱɱ漤
ɱȻǡɫһ£ܶʱӰһȫȫɱĽΧ
ԭС纮˫ɱȺҪ֪Ϯң˶һֱۣ֮ˣ֮ǣȻϲ
·㲻ߣŴϴҺˣӹһ٣ʧȥһֱۣҵҪ˭㡣
Ȼ㡣쿴ŻͫһȻ׻е˼漴ֿΧɱɱ֣нʮлˡ
С㷢ΧоɱôС
ûССش˶ˡ
ͷʶ̽鵽Ľһ
С־һ˫ۣҰް㿴죬Ҳ
ЦҾҪζҲġ
˵䣬һӰ磬Աߵľɱɱֱ˹ȥ
ݡ
ãһżƿʰԲ俪
á
ɱɱֲַ֮£ϽӽϧеһĽãΪأãǰǵһ
˸տʼûκεĲʣգۣ۱㴫ȫ

ĲҽгƬȻϢһɱɱŵϵȥһĽã¡
һ֣ûͣһٴɱԱϡ
ȥӰһ嵽ıһӣޱߵķŭĺ󱳱˹ȥ
ʱȻжʵ𾪲ѣǷŭΪ֮ǰԸҵʧ֮⣬ǰɱֱǳڴô˵ҲһҲһ֣첻һʮСëȫƾطʵġ
á
ܵϢɫһ䣬־һ󱳣ͬʱӰҲԱ߶ȥ
ϡһ֮ݺݵڻ֮ϣǾ޴ĻڶѣѪ쭣嶼һԡ
һģͣ¡
һͣȣıСȥ£һĽãٴγͷ
Ҫҵûôסһ߶ڵ֮һѱ仯Ϊһϵ
һ֣ûͷϵצգתսŻһȭȥ
սҰ
Ӱһ޿ƥеƣ򻢾
ʱĻǰľϾǿ־壬ˣɸ


025 
ҪǾһɡһĨȻ̫һĹâٶҲ͵ļӿ졣
䡭һ֮ϣȻ۵ıǱȫһһӣõѪ䡣
ͬʱȭͷӰҲݺݵĺڻ֮ϣŵһĻս˲䱻ƣ˾һ߷Ѫɳȥ
ʮ֮һ޴ɽ֮Уã˸ĽҺͱɽҫ۵ĹâԭӦû谵ɽñΪ
ʱһʮ꣬ƤףüĿ㣬ʳڣߵϣԻŮΪ֮ɽĽ֮УһѰѵĽץȻȥ
ǻϵЦԽŨ̲סЦÿڽ֮ϣ̫ˬˣֱڼԡˬ
˵ţһԼЦȻһ͵վķô֮˷ŭѵĸ۵Ļ쵰壿
˵ţɫһ䡰ǿôôǿ⵽˭δ£ѻΪһ⣬ӰһϢɽ֮С
ǿűϵˣҲûỢӴһԱЩѾŴľɱɱȥ
䡭
ϴȻЩɱɱһܿ췴ӦӽǵʵƲۣ˶׻ɱ
ԭһЩתӣ컯Ϊǿֲٶ֮£Ҳӳף㱻
оɱɱ֣ӰһΣ»ΪΣȴһ˺ۣ״ʱȴһսȹôй
óһӴϣһЩҩ˿ڸ򵥵İһ£Ž·
磬ϽЩֻҪȫ޸ãԺ㲻ˡСܼΪףС״ȴΪ𻵣ܶö޷Уó޷ٸҪȻҲˡ
ⲻЦǺǵصСҲ𼱣ȻǱ϶ô׺ҵġ
һЦǵڵϣȻûȴĻ
û쿴ŻЦңϴΪʲôҪϮңȻɱֹʮͷȴ޹ء
ԭϴǸ죬˫ðôû뵽ԼľĹȻ˱ģһһʵ޷ȵСӡ
ϴȷʵش㡣ûзϡ˵ɣ˵ΪʲôϮңʹ졣
ûлش죬ǿ죬ʵ㵽һʲô
ɫһһŲڻѪģ֮ϣȻ˵ǹ˵䣬һʹõֻʣСĻʱϡ
˵ΪʲôϮң
롭֪ΪʲôһĨҲ㣬͵ұҾɱɡЦȻֹͬʱҲһĨѪ
áɫһ䣬һ飬ֻȻ˶
ģȻɱҪңҾɱǡһĨŨصɱõĶȫ𣬼Ծʧɭ֮С
ԶȥӰԶһӰȫɫŹ˷ɻ󣬻кܶã˭ôܱɴ˵е˻
УһŪ˵ұԻصС˵˷ܵȫһ
ϸˣų˵ˣ˭ҵСӵ䣬һɽһңץСӣʮ򡣡һбǰһɱǰɱǵͺʱǻ֪ѾɱˣһǷĽȫʳҰһ㣬໽
ӳģֻҪСӣǾԲܵ
ԣܵ

Ǹ߿صͷֻҪСӣһҪʶһǾɱ
û£һ鱪ӰһһԼɱǰһգ۱ʧ˵С
˭
ɫһ䣬پɱһһȫӦ׷׿һ𣬾עܡ
ܳԷûκε졣
ΪԼоʱղǵӰļɱڷһȺȵ֮󣬺Ȼء
ɫһ䣬µļɱǰŷ֣ǵĲȫ˸ϣѪ


026 ԭ
ɫһһתҪѴңȴ뻹ûڣǵӰٴɱǰһ
СġһͺȣӰӽ˹ȥȴӰûжܵ˼ӰһתԳȥ
ӰһĽãͬʱŶԷȥ
ҪԴ˲䣬ֻһŤͷԴԴ˹ȥ
ͬʱһߣݺݵĴ̽Ŀڣԭ㣬ٶȴҪ첻١
㡭һԼؿڣֿ죬Ҫſ˵ȴӿѪס£㵹ڵϣϢȫޡ
ãӳɱˡԱߵɱֿ£һܾС¹һĿ־壬Ⱦܡ
ϧûи˿ᣬӰһܵɱֱ׷ɱȥȻЩɱֶܽƻһȫֿӣҲ˰ӣ㽫ʮɱ־նɱ
תȥ⼸ϵľɱɱѲ°ˣˣõ÷ħףǻ÷ħ˷ںڽɭѰ졣
ϾĸһǶǳҪƼִ˵ɱˡ
ϧһֱŷħһߣȻü춼ħ֣ȴһȫӵ
ɱ
һÿһȥһɱɱֵɱЩɱɱֶεѣħĴܡ
Ҫ׷֮ʱһǿϢԶɴܶõ쵱ס¶һĨЦħˣ
Цһ磬Ӱһգ۱ʧ١
Ƭ̣ħ˫ۣȫ죬һħֻصʬ壬Լʣ²࣬־ɱ֣Ӱʧ٣Ϣȫʧ
ħ˷һ㣬쳤ХС쵰һ죬ҪƤĽܾĥͷ֮ޡ
Ҫ֪ħ⼸Ϊ죬һֱĴֻϧɱΪȫɢҲһˣÿε֣Ϲȥʱˡ
Ҳˣپɱɱ֣Ѿгٱɱ
ֻ÷ħô벻ͨǣʵԶطʱʵҲŲСĲ࣬Ϊʲô֮ܵ졣
ղţ֮ǰѾоϢգۼԷʧ٣ܵٿ죬Ҳ֮죬Ͼʵǿٶȸ졣
ΪʲôΪʲôħ벻ͨԴҲ벻ֻ֪ͨǣҲɻѡ
СôǷħû׷أ˵ʵǿӹ׷پԲôײǡ
Ҳ벻ͨСҲ쳣ɻص⼸Ƿħû׷㣬⣬ɿÿζô񣬶ɱôˣԲܷŹǡ
Сףɰϵɻɽеȴһ⡰Ǳ⵱ȻҰ㣬ûҰ㽫Ϣǿиϣͱ׷ɭҴˣҿԺαҡ
һ·ɴܣһֱܳʮһŴͣ£һܣûΣգӰһϴϣ
ת۰ȥͻȻ֮ʣϱһǿϵϢҲ͵ǿ
Ƭ֮Ȼ¶һĨԵõЦݡʵֽһ󲽣Ӧò˶ñܴﵽʿ֮ĲɱȻʵõĴ߷
ǲΪսԭ򣬲ͣĲɱܸսڵսͨôͻƣ½ȫǸˡСӵ
⵹ҲǡԴЦ漴һתھɱѱɱ룬ҲһɱǺѣʱֻˣʵǿȥǡ
ððСٵصǼȥұ
šͷӰһ£ԭƻķзɴܶȥ
·ϣСʵ磬ǷħȻΪʲô䣬Ҫ֪ǽɱģ㲻ܴҲôǱӰɣ
С˵ˣ䣬ҲδǷħĶ֡ҡͷ֮ǰܹ֮ɱһΪֻһֱۣʵҲ൱ʵһΪ֪ҾϴȻ͵Ϯ֮£ŵ֣ɱҲƽֶѡ


027 ڤʯ
ȻʹħңҲɱңҲòΪҿǣɱ֪ΪҪԸңûж֣ΪϴһΪǵľ棬ΪڸǣŲȥ
һʹ䣬ħ֪ұ仯ģ֮㵴Ȼ޴棬ʱɱԲŹңҺμҲûҷѣҳʮİɱħԲǰʹ䣬ҪȻҾΣˡ
ԭСȻĵ˵ͷͻȻ֮䣬Ȼߣٵص磬Ҹоˣǰǧףһϡ
һ´ϲٶȻһӱܵǧ֮⣬ǲ
棬״С˷ܵڷ
ҵġһЦ֮һתһΪצһ㣬ƬƬʯٳ
Զһֱ꿴ľٶһã漴ɫѿضصСӣǿȻٵأҲ̫̣ˣҵ찡ôŸСӡ
˵ţɫһ䣬ҡͷУڲȻܹ仯϶йϵһÿػУһصٷɡ
䣬컹С֪ʱʹȫһ˰ٶҪ֪Σصĺڽɭ֣ʱпܳǿޣһһʱ֮ڵס
ҺãʵѾﵽʿȫ߶飬ʵܹﵽ۷壬ʱҲǰһ
ˣˡһץȥһɫĹâУõϲѣǼץʯҲ׳С
ڤʯ
ڤʯС˷ܵصͷߴٵ磬ҷŵ棬ڳԼеһ͵ÿԼڳˡ˵СһЦһֻӡ
ȫհɡһױϷڤʯȻڤʯҲ󣬵Ҳ뾡޸ףҪ֪ǹϵûˣٶĶûãסҪʲôԺȥңСڣԼҲ
ˡСҲһ䵽ڤʯϣʱ糤ˮһ㣬Ƭⱻ֮УЩⱻգڤʯĹâҲѸٱ䵭
˰ʱһⱻС֮ڤʯѱɲѺ۵м
磬ڤʯѾȫաС˷ܵһѽ𣬷ǼһһѿСô޸ôһ㣿
Ҳѹɻ׵Ѻ޸һϸֲˣһڤʯԭ컹Ϊ㲻ȫ޸ãҲ޸Ŷԡ
һСڤʯܹҲǧ޸ôѾܲˡСóѵĿ磬㲻Ҫļ׻˵ļԲȶҿô޸ġ
룬ȻСƺЩԾǾ˵Щ½һҲôÿһϣô޸á
ðɣǼҡ콫ջϣŵصڽɭôҾͲҲĿ
ȥеֱ̿ˮðΣԵףȻʧףСӵʲôˣܹԽеޱȵУֲһޱǿҵҪĸоҵһﵽʲôʲôϵҪҪȥ߸ף
˺ð죬ֱӰʧ˺þãҡҡͷУȻԱʵ̫ڽɭʱпܳΣգʲôݣԲΣգ˳Ҳܳûúôһݡ
Ҳɱ°ԭԤ·ǰ
סͻȻۣһĨϲɫ뿪ɱ֮кü죬޵٣ɻûһˣû뵽ʱԶȴһԼ
ķȥ߳ԶһȺʮ˵߱ǰڿʱɫȻһ䣬ͣ
ôһɻǰȺ߾ȻȫŻƼ˵ķΣȻڴ½ϣЩ֮ķλƣԲϴΪǵ촦һ֡
֮⣬ͷ֮ҲʶǻƼҴ֮һ


028 ͷϳûУһ
ѵҲһѰ飿뵽һ䣬ȥƼ֮Ҫ֪Ѿ쵱Լ˽
컹ǽеĳ嶯ѹȥˣﲢû֤طлƼˣҪڽɱˣƼ˿ɾˡ
һ˼⣬ĵظӻƼ֮ʹչ˳һ·ǵĽ
ϣ˵ڼǱûջ񡣡һƼ˶ʵ
̫ҡҡͷޱȣǽ֮ʱֻжʮˣѾһѣ¼ͶҲδغõ˶١
ڽɭֹ鴫ǰ˵һЩΪȻνʶաһƼһɥصҪϣ˶
Ҫôգıͱ˸ȡˣôܵҡƼҳҡҡͷߴٵ߿㣬öϺͼȾˡ
ǵĽüԽĽȻҶģĪɵˣŵͼķΧһܹѰҵģһСһ֮ڵıСܲ
һͼǾķΧôƾʲôҵأͼûϡ
벻ֵͨɻ󣬾Ƽҵʵٴ󣬿Ҳɵֳ̰
ѵ˵飬ţһûƿ޵ΪܹҵıǻԳ֣϶
һ֡аԷݵҲ䵽ϣظҴ鷳
ͨЩףöԷ޷ǣֲڸ컹һ·ǵ̸ֻҪ˵ϵص㣬㽫価ɱ
ҲЩƼ֮˻Ҳ˷һ·Ȼǻﲻϣȴδ֮أ⵹ʧѡ
໡
һ޺ͻȻǰűһ¡¡ı
ãСޡƼҳδ£ǰѳͷͷǣ˫۷죬׳þСţһĴ
ǶսСġֻƼɫһ䣬Ҳɫһ䣬ǵȴܺãȻԿη壬ϵľٶȴû˿ĵ
ĻƼһӣһֻȥĶսȥţƼʦҲųȥ
ƼˣһϣһֻսΧȴ͹ǣֻսûƼҳ˺޹˼ɵĻɱһֻ
Ƽ˻ǴǿȻټɱֻʵǿġվԶ쿴ǵľٶҲĸ
սļޣ൱ԻƼЩ˵ʵȻܹɱǣҲøһЩ۲С
˵һսʵȻֻıƼҳֽƬ̱ɱȫˣҲõ׵ıŭˡ
ֻһһʦǼǱײ˹ȥʦҵֵֻԱ߶ȴû뵽ûʦһ˵İΧӰһתһֻƼ˰ΧĶսų˹ȥ
ֻǿĶսһһֻĺУҲʱͻȻһƼҳȥǻƼʿӦɳȥ
ȻƼ߼Ʋ׷׻ӽ׷½ֻսָȴˡ
ֻսһһʵɱûƼ֮
ôܣսȻҲϣĿɿڴؿƼ˴սĶսһš
С˰ɡС۵޵ǻۿǺܸߵģ٣಻ֻͬζѣȻǻۣһദˣΪʲôͲܶأ
⵹Ҳǡ룬ҲС˵
ʱһȥֻսȻܹƼ̫٣ֻúڻƼ˵¡
ƼҲΪ˸˾޴ĴۣˣλҲһЩˡ
˿ڣƼϢûУ·Ϊ϶ˣٶȴ˺ܶࡣ
죬һֱŻƼеǣƼһֱû˵ϵĵص㣬·ϺüޣΪҵ춼òгְǡ
ҼӰѽϾҪˡƼҳĶʣƼҵӺ


029 ͷϳûУ
ŻƼҳϵĻһ𣬸죬Ƶò־Ǻ޲ɱĵˣĿҪﵽˡ
ֹ˰ʱǰͻȻһƼɫһ䣬ǳҲ˲ϵˣ˷ٵıȥ
Ƭ֮ʮŻƼҷε߳Уֻʱһʮ׳Ĵߴһ
æƼҳһͺȣ˵սȦ
Զ쿴ŴսһĻƼˣһĨЦھۼˣǴսһȥž۰ɡ
磬ھҪɱôСɻʵ
Ȼͷˮ弶ޣʵ࣬ŻƼ˵İæˮɣɱˮƼҲػʧ٣ʱΪ֮ʱҲҳֵʱ
Ǹѵ㲻֪ʲôôСʵ
ˣʵҲ֪ƼʲôὫɱˣǺ
磬ǲڵĴᣬɱСٴʵ
ͷϾȫʢ֮ʱɱס
˵ˣϸǻô
üͷһ壬ɿɫ΢΢һ䣬ʧȻͻƵղֻע⵽ƼˮĴսȴûעʵȴȻͻˡ
Ǿ͸ܷŹˡȭͷܴܻ֮ңҪΪڻɵĲԽԽ٣ҲԽԽġ
磬ֻҪˣʵӲɱסСЦղʱǱ߷һȺܣŶʮֻȻֻǶޣԻɲһѹ
ܵĶȴǷǳǴʱȥһΧƼˣ˵ǻô
С۵ĻȫһһƬҰףڻǶԸˮȻտ϶ȡʤ϶ḶһЩۣʱһȺܣܵĶԣƼܹʤҲʣ¼ˡ
û쿪ڣСȺܣƾŻƼ˵ʵտ϶ҲʤϾûڴоʹ·磬ջƼܹʣµ಻ˡ
ûǣƣȫʤ֮ʱֻҪʹ䣬϶ҲĶ֣ɱˣǺڽɭֻ֣Ҫˣȥɲôף˵ܶ޶ѪǳУֻҪմѪЩ޾ͻųζĲӬ׷
ȻԸѣΪʲôŹǣҵ֮ٶ֡
ɫףð죬ͻȻСʵС߸磬ͷûгǣ
ǣСãصûаͷΪʲôҪǣ
˵Сħͷ϶ҪǵġһСŭðҰȻ˵СԺٲˣǰǸͷһɱˡ
һд󾪣ϽǸֻǸСЦССˣô˵ôɰССء
ˡС죬ŵŭ⣬ûʱַŭһԵʮֵĿɰ
Сֻôһ磬㲻˭ءٺһЦǸ粻ԣԺҵıһЩССͲҪ˺òá
Сͷһϲǳһ£ŵ˵
ʲôʱƭǿɰС֪Ѿ磬Ҳһ
ðɣξԭһΣ´Σһԭ㣬֮ǰǸϲͷһɱҺȥһõˡ
һһ϶ı֤
С˵쵹ûзԣһܣǶʮֻܸ˹
磬ˣߡСһ˾һ㣬췢ǰɱٶͻȻʧ֮ܵڡ
ɡ
ŭҲ죬ôУҪ֪ղɱһͬ飬һûҵ죬ȴԶսĻƼ֮ˡ
ܵУ컹ǻƼˣ࣬ǵĵ˾࣬ԣΪһŭ֮ܶŻƼ˳˹ȥ
ɡ
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ŤˣΪʱѾ׷ǵ
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030 
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ԭȻĵ˵ͷ˵䣬ƼѾֻʣˣˮҲһϢҲֻʣֻ
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032 󷨣
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ִһŭ˼ɸû˿ĻӦų˾͸ҹһս
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033 ս
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034 ƴ
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035 ջ
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ð죬켤΢ƽý֮УתȥȥѰʯҡ
˰죬ͻȻɥķ֣˸ղŵ֮ǰĻ֮ûʯҡ
ôܣȻһλǰ֮أôһҶûأ»ص֮Уüͷ壬ɻѡ
磬㵽ұǿŰҹĵطȥСͻȻ
ʲôô쿴һС˵֮ûзκεǱ˹ȥ
Сûлش죬ɻصƬǽڡ
ͷûж˵ʲôǽֶȥ˾鷢ˣǽ֮ʱǽھˮһ㣬
ôһĨ조ѵ˵һ󣿡
СдžϲӦֻǻطǽ档
֮£طֹȻС˵ֻ֮ǰǸһף׵ĵطɻ󹺳ɣطȻǽڡ
˵Ȼ֪һڣǻҲûƿֻССҪôƿ
šС˼һ󣬵Ҳ֪ô󷨶ۣ󷨵ҪӦӦֻǲǽ֮ϣӦĵطҲȻǽ棬ȲڵƳ
ҡһͷǽôұǽ棬ûҵʧ֮ʣǽ֮һ۵ĵطóһ졣
ҵˡ
ͷһϲȭͷһȭȥһȻ죬ǽڱҿһĵĳʯС


036 Һȫ
ˡСϲ磬ȡ󷨾Ƴˡ
ôôɣûȥʯһɻĶСϿ󷨵ļ飬ĸоǸĪ⣬ɽȴǺǿ
磬ҲǷֵȼģǽĶ󷨣еʿһ㣬ѵô
Сһ£ǰΪǲǽϣȻһĴ󷨵ֻûڵڰˣûöٸӵ󷨣ҹ˶󷨵Ҳǿеˮƽ
ǲڵϣĵطȫԲڻ֮Уʱ뽫ҳͲôˡ
һһ㶣Ҳȷʵô£󷨶ɱ˵ȷʵ򵥡
ٳɣֽǿѾð޹ʯȡ漴㿴ͻȻһŻһһˮ鿪¶һڡ
ˡһĨϲ⣬Ӱһ˽ȥ
һԼʮƽʯңһʯһʯ֮⣬ǽǻǽһЩ
ûȥǶ쾶ֱʯһ飬һƿһֽԼһںڵС
Ǳ飬Ļҳȥ۱Ǽ׺䶥Ĵ֡ȫ
ļ콫鱾Ȼȫǽй󷨵Ķں滹󷨡
Ȼô˵˭컹ûС㴫С
Ҳ֪ҡҡ׬ˣû뵽Ȼȫ󡭡˵䣬췭βҳõϵľϲסˡ
ôܣôֻа벿
Ȿβҳд֡ϲ
ϸĲ鿴һⱾȻȫֳֻȻдϲ˭Ҳ֪ԭ˽ֳ˼
⡭ֱǿӵð죬ͻȻһֿڡ
СֻһЦ֪ɣֳɼⱾ͹ˣҪ֪ǰԾǸͷϢûҵ
ԣҲԼ̫̰ˣԼڵľҪǷʵϣȻԼѧϰ󷨣Ҳ̫ľѧϰԣⱾȫԼʹá
ðɣ̫̰ˡͷý֮У漴Ǹƿսƿ򿪣ʱһɾ汩һڣ֫ٺ˵
ƷҩҺСһ
Һȫһ½ļʶ࣬ںܶණֻ˵ȴʶҺйǼǵ֮ʱΪ˾սڵսصϡ
Һرעһ֣ҺΪһƷҩɹսսսʵЧǳ
ȻⲢҪЧǿ߼һƷ֮еѸʵҲκεĸá
ʯս֮ڵΪã˵Լٰٱգּٻάһ죬ҲζţһҺ൱һ˰ΪЩͻȻգ˸ͻƿʵֲ߶ҩ
ֻҪŵرҲ쳣ӣɹʼͣһƷҩ
ϧֻΡ˷֮࣬Ĳ̾ϢҪǶмΣͿûظĸˡ
֪ɡС̰ģŭ
ٺ١ЦȻʱ͵һΪ滹ִˣܽŶ˷˰ҺҲֻʱ
ǰǺöڴĽǰСȴֻһʦ̷õ̵ͨ
Ȼ̵ֿҲǵ֮Ҫʯڵ̸ӵķģҲҪ⾫ƶɣһѶ൱켶߽УҲһ󱦱ɶ˵ȴЩˡ
ˣҲѧϰ󷨣Űɡһ㽫̵սý֮С
һҳֽԭΪʲôط֮ģȴֻɽԭ˵ԣ⵹ʧ
΢һ֪˭򳽣һо󷨣ȴʹʣҲΪʵ㣬ом󷨱ֹͣǰ
ۿ޽׼ȥһܷͻƣԵˡ
Ǻ񴲣﷢ֵģҲΪ񴲵ԭס


037 ݶ
򳽣üɻôôϤأ￴ɾǼǲˡ
ҺǰҲ˵СҲɻѡ
ͻȻ֮䣬ͬʱ֪ˡ
ǧǰӱͽ򳽡һ𾪵صֻϵǳ֮ߣ½ܼµ󷨣Ǵ½ǿҲɣԴҸȡһƣӣ˼󷨳Ʋˡ
ǵġСֻû뵽ڳ֮ǰȻסض뿪֮ʵ˾޴ͻƣղųɾ֮
϶ˡͷֻҪﵽʽױÿͻһǣһ꣬ԽԽ࣬˵ﵽʥԻǧꡣ
ܹҺҩϻŵرһʵ϶û⡣
ѹ֣ѹ־ϼأͻȻðһϵͷǳǿԶžȱдȫ֣ϵ˿ɱҲȻ
ʯдһ˽ѷŵǶһЩʧܵڵʯΪʱԶȫʧûô
ʯ֮һ飬ȷûл֮ߵ̮ɽǰ
С˵ôûأǰ̮ɽһɻصǽʱĸڡ
Ϊ·СٺЦ֮гаõȫһֻʵʵȥ̮ͨ
˰죬۵ͷˮ·šڽɽͨ
ڳվڶڣůϣϾ˷֮ɫȻΣգȴޱȾ޴ǰ벿ȫ
ݡ
ϧû˵꣬ԱĽãһ
á
ɫһ䣬ӰȻԱһһһǰ֮ƣӲ潫ɳȥ
Ӱ˵֮⣬ͫһϮԼˣǾȻ
˲Ǳˣǻִ¡
Ʒ㲻ִûĻǿȵ
ִ¡ɫһ䣬ǲʵŤͷִ£ִ絶ĿֻһۣûȫһҲ˵ʲô
ͬʱҲȻִµ˼콻ƷǲȨ֮ƣֻҪõĿܷŹ
Ҫ֪ǰסĵطĶĸߣһϢ©Ĵ֮һҲ鷳ϡ
ҪһĨЦֻûʵ
ʶôִһߣӰһ綾һ㣬˹
졣
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ơ
ȻһִǼɵȴûã߶սע֮Уγɵͷɱȥ
䡭
ݺݵĴͷ֮ϣ˫һ˲䣬ͷȻ鿪ǰ̣һȭͷݺݵĶԺһ
տʼȭͷȭ뻤ս֮£ִµţƬִ֮һ𣬻սƿ
á
ɫ䣬ûӦһ̣ȭҲƣֱӴȭͷ֮ϣҺܵʱȭͷԱһƣȭͷпܱ顣
ȭͷȻ̵Ѫִ»һƲݵӣ̹
ơ鼱֮£һִֶֻ±һƷ磬ȻִʵǿҲǶһҲӲֻһתΪһƬãƷȥ
䡭Ʒ类״ƣٴָʱѾһ˲ʱ˵֮⣬ʧȥ˻ᡣ
ݡ컹ûվȣһ
ûôסһŭȣȭͷϴľʹ߶սŻ˹ȥ
졣
һŭȣҲΪһŻ˹ȥ
ִܹסһУΪʵѾǰʵǿ˲֪ٱ
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038 
䡭һһƤѪɳȥսγɵȴûɢһǰ
áִ¿ľٶɫ䣬𣬶׷
׷ңŶûСһЦսɵٶȻӿ죬ʧִµС
Ļ쵰⵽ʲôսִɫؿʧķг𾪡
ʱִֻ¶ʹõս𾪣һֱиҲһ𾪵Ĵʧķ򣬺ðŵǿսѵǴ˵ս
ãСϢˡɫһ䣬ʧķ׷ȥ
ϧһֱ׷˰ʱΧһ죬ûټ
ģСܵʱȥˣУһҵһһءӰһתΪһ⣬ںڽɭѰ
һһڵϣҳһ
ڵϲϵĴŴð죬ŻعԭģɴʱȫȴǿտҲһҲûС
û취Ͻóһ߼ʯ߶ʹ˾գָ֮һ㡣
һ壬ȭͷִ´һطûκεȫһ
ܿ뵽ղŵΣȻ¶һĨϲû뵽ȻôãҾȻܹսΪһֱǰ塣
˵ǻĽãȭӰƷ磬ֻҪȥҲܿƣû뵽ǣڸղţʹ죬սΪֻ֮ǧƣǰ壬ûӶܣ뷨ͬʱڵսҲϵս
ȻԸսڻ֮Ȼܴܵ𶯣ͱըȴΪ첻ϵעսոȶ
û뵽ǣԴԴϵעս֮£սĴһֱɳȥֱڵսȫ꣬ŵ
ѵ˵ЩȭӰɵǿʶƵģһϲԣڻָǵսͲʹһսҰ
Ȼָ˵ľϲһεĵط£ϵ˰һ£ʯָ
ת۰ȥٴʱսӯ
Ͳסеĺ棬һԾ𣬶ŲԶһʯͷ͵ĺһȭ
սҰ
һͳӰȭͷ֮һʶһӰϣһͺȣת
ʧǣӰû˿ı䷽һݺݵĺһʼԤĿϡ
ǰʯмüͷһ壬һʧôأղİѵΪûвԭ򣿡
첻ģȭȥֱڵսٴαÿտ֮磬ҲûܿסӰ
ģ⵽ô£һƨڵ£һĲʣȻǿӰʵսȴžԵɱ
Ҫ֪ʲôֻҪԷСһЩ˫һ룬ԷкܴĿܹ㿪ġ
ܹת䷽򣬿񣬵ĶΪԼ֮ʱͻȻһת䣬ϮǾԻöԷֲ
벻ͨϰԵСɶСҲûмҲ֪ô£ε˰죬ûҵԭֻ»ָս
졣
еһͺȣһȭǰսȭͷһǰγһ޴ͷͷǰɢսʹľһ˲γһ޴Ҳ֮еһݡ
һ磬ڰһۿҪһŴ֮ϣһ¸ղŵ߶սע֮Уͬʱʶһͷһת䷽
ɲô룬ǲת䣬Ϊעսʹٶȱø졣
תͷһ֮ʣһȣ´תʶˮһ㾡ͷӿȥ
໡
ͻȻһͳŭһ֮ʣǱֱǰͷȻһ䣬Ŵȥ


039 ֲĴ
ŤͷһĴ¶˷ܵɫԭĿԿơ
û˵꣬ͻȻеͷһΣǰͻȻһ죬һɾϣ㽫ɳʮס
ô£ɻ̧ͷһǺĵطһҪ˺ϱĴѻΪľмǴʱһСɽ㣬ڵķ¡
ԭղſȻ˵һŴɺΪ˷ܣûע⵽ǰ棬ûĿ֮£ֱǰ壬ϡ
ɫһ䣬ܾСӣһԾ𣬾ʧԶɱȥ
䡭£һ𣬴ĳҶ
ǰһΣŴŴͣ£ȴûȥǿŵµĴЦԭĿԿƣڵսȻСB
ԺǿߣһԷ벻СϲҲ𣺡ٶȺܿ죬ǰĻͷҲδ׷ϡ
С˵öԣӽֶһֶΡһ˷ܵصԺҾͽݡ
˷һڻָһЩս֮󣬱ٴݣһյûϤԺ󻹵ÿ첻˿ĵڹؼ֮ʱˣʱ޶Ҳط
һ֮
һںڽɭ֮һһ㣬һ·Ĵȫױ֦ܿûһ
ڱȫա˷ܵùЦ£Се𣺡ͣͣ
ôˣһɻС˼лžϲѵб
ûСش𣬷еΪһʱʧûпƺãһһʯͷϣҲ׷ɳȥͷòǱ
ޡȥɳԴϵĻʯмãٶ̫죬ԲעҪ£ԺΣʱ̣ʹá
˵ţһתСʵСղŽͣ¸ʲôǲΧб
ҸоǱߺбоӣͺкܶʯһ㡣Сдһ˿ɻ󡰶Һʯ
ܰôкֿܶʯһأû˵鰡˵ţͻȻһĨϲѵ˵ĳǰıأ
뵽ԽÿܣҪ֪ʯƵرһһЩ֮⣬ԲܿܳĿСȻо֣Ψһпܵľ˽Щռһ
С켱ɴʵСս˵һ㣬˳ȥ
Ƭ̣һ޴ɽ֮ǰСǲɽ֮У
棬ܸоҴ
첢ûмŽȥɽΧһҪ֪Ǻڽɭִ֣ɽпסŸ߼ޣ㲻Ǹ߼ޣסһȺļޣҲΣյġ
ʼûʲôߵɽҲ״ʱ˫һһͷԵڵϡ
ǰһƬ޵ĺǣЩȻɢѹٶ弶ޣǿ߰˼ޣ߰˼Ϊ׺ݵĴڡ
е־ǣЩǱʱ䣬һЩѾ绯ȻʱѾԶ
Ҳвٿȥͦʣһ׶೤߼ĺϸǻɺ˿ȻǱŶġ
߼ڶĴڣһЩ˼޶Ķ֣ϣԷǷܽĴڣȻﱻʳɽסŵǺεȵĴڡ
ٵð˼еĶڻǾż޲ܻɱᡣСƺ첻£Ц˵ȻһȺ˼ޣҲܹɱġ
һɫһӱòҰף˵һȺ˼ޣһֻΪͨޣҲֻбɱķݡ
С浽жٱССʵ࣬˰ɣԺҡ
࣬кܶ࣬ҵõܹ޸һС룬һоЩʯʯ⣬вٵڵͽңֵԲڻýƷ١Сгջصô౦ķô֮ǰ㻹˵󡣡
ˣˡ
﷢ɫҲĪ⣬ȻʱҲˣֻǵסŵֻޡ
Ƭ֮ɫͻȻһĨᶨ󣬽Ͷһѡ


040 ľϲ
»صڣȻյ׼컹Щ£Ͼǿһͷٰ˼۷ޣһֱӾͻᱻɱĶ
ʶ̽һɽܸûз޵ӰӣʲôסԼʶ̽顣
һɣһ㣬ź޽ŵǰսѾȫ߶ֻҪһΣգʹԶӡ
ǣĵһֱһٶףν޶û˳֡
ôѵ޴ʱڣһϲ̤ɱȥǴѵõĻᣬ͵˶ܡ

ûͻȻһ죬Ȼ󣬵ھɽȴ紺ס
áɫһ䣬תҪԶݡ
磬𼱣ֻǶʯˡСϽ
ԣһΣôһȫ亹͸ˡ
Ȼ֪СẦԼ컹ûмߣվԭأ˺һȷû죬һȥ
һ·ǰûκε⣬ԭ谵ɽҲԽ⣬ֽӰ㷢Ľ⣬˷ĪµĲӿ첻٣еĿ־Ҳڱǰʧ
Ǻܿ죬ּˣΪɽгһĻĵҪǣıǰʮҵһʯ֮С
ƽ׵ʯҵȫһööĽ̳ɣʯҵһԣŴĸʯʯԼڵ֮⣬һЩߵװ࣬ɢĹâԿͶ켶
ҵѵȥЩôıĿˮҲȻӿ죬ýеıȻ٣ȴûжٽңڿǰЩλܵˡ
СңǰĻʲô󷨣ҪܽƳȲʵ
ϣһʲô֪СȴɥصҲ֪
ô᲻֪һ㶣ŵص㲻֪ôƳ󷨣ҲӦ֪ʲô󷨰ɣ
Ⲣ󷨡СǿսöɵĽƣ񵱳ýеǵһֻôҪϵĸֲܲá
ǽƣɫһӱòҰף֪ģϵĸֱƾԼսɽƣֻʵ͵߽ɵĽƺСǰƵȷʵҪڸֲܽɡ
Ҳ϶ƽʱһһ־סţΪǿߵսɣǻ˵ģԲõˡ
⣬˴ƣ˱ܹӦԱ㼰ʱ
󷨲ͬ󷨲ʶˣһóɣܲõˣˣһͱػᱻ档
ǳסΪ˷϶ǲýƣƽʱûˣǷǿ϶ǲ󷨸һЩ
һ㣬ɽܴ󣬸ûκεڵЩҲôǿ߾סЩͲˡ
ô죬ڸô죿һĽղŽʱѾ˽ƣ˿϶Ѿ֪ڸϻ·ϣҵøϽ뿪ǡ
ҪȻǿƳ
컰û˵꣬С𣺡УƸղŴȻûзҸҿ϶ǿ϶ֹһƣҲԲǸֵܹġ
Ǹô죬ѵô뿪һʵŽƣô౦ǰȴòĸоκ˶ܲ˵ġ
磬䣿СͻȻޱĵ
ôˣŤͷһ϶ʱҲһ𾪣ǽƾһ͸Ĳסȴ˦д˹ȥ
ô£첻صôƻᵲסҵ֣ȴҵ·ѵ˵ֻ
Сصҵݹȥԡ
ԣҲһϲʶһ׳Уǽƾ͵ȥ֮һƲûף׵ؾʹ˹ȥɵʱȴôȥ
ЩҵˡͻȻ˷һ㵸
ǵġСϽ䵽
ԣǵġһЦʵСԽԶƷ֮У
ֻҪǰңһףҵܽս
̫ˡһԻýó˿һͷ˩֮ϣСҰӽȥΧܹսȥıȫˣȻٽһط


041 
СɴĴߴٵ㡣
Ҳɣʹȫһӣ䵽һѽ֮ϣֻһΪģԲһڵıȫʧ
ȻСЦջ˿ϳȻһ
˷ʮΣʯ֮еıһС뱻С׵ռ֮УЩΪļƷʯʯڵԼȫ
涪ʮΣҲʧһ룬һν֮ʱͻȻСĶˣҲ̫̰ģЩҾԭ˰ɣ
úáСͷӦ
õСĴӦʶһ´ϣһתƨһ㣬һɽʹݷ䡣
ʵǲ̫̰ģк޲ýнȫý֮Уֻλֲ˻ԲŲֻʶӡ
һƬϿգһֱĸ꼱۵ӰȻͣ£һɽڵķղŸоƱûˣӦǴ߱ɱˡ
˵ţһĨЦݡ˵ССʤΧڸûǿߣǿˣƿҵĽҲôףҵСӲǣҿɻÿصء
С룬겼õĽȷʵ΢ȷֻᷢҪǿйƣᱩķôҲΪˡ
⣬ǽֻһУΪƽʱѰЩȥһлɺܶĲ㡣
Ҫ͵ıҲȻ
ȴΪԼķ㣬һĲãȴ졣
ȻҲΪ֣Сռ䣬Ҳ뽫ĶŪߡ
䡭еսһգȻڵϣˤø߻أȴûһۿ࣬Ȼûб֣
Сѱóø翴
á
С䣬ͷͻȻһҡڵƷӦûӦ㱻档
磬оôСЦǵһŭСѾͷȻСħ
СʹȫòײŴӱ֮Сɽıٴ˷
ˣЩԺҵˡ˵䣬ֻ󡣬ٴ˵Щ֮ϡ
磬Ҳ̫ûϢˣЩȻ٣ǿ˵Ҳ㲻ʲôҪ֪ͷϵĶֻǺСһݣһ󲿷ݱԼ֮ء
СıӣȫȻûںЦǿȻֻһССʿѣǿ߲ʮǧ
˵ˣЩɶǿػĶҾȻܴǿߵƤ½͵˵ҲӦøô
룬ǿ߿Ūˣǲﱩأ뵽ǿΪ͵ŭģ̲סٴιЦ
ĻСҲһֿű͵ŭΣҲ˷ܵռЦô
ħű˷˺һ˷ܵصСʼߡ
ֻҪЩõġС˷ܵȻղ˵ЩƺǲмʵԶЩϾֻһ飬û˰æ͵ò
οڻ޸ء
ʯȫȥɣﻹһЩˣЩĿʯÿԷԺҪҲǴ󷽵Ц
ˡСһЦս׷Щʯʯ֮ϣСҪĶȫϢ
С޸ҪЩڵҲӦÿ԰ɣͻȻʵ
ǿԣЧã̫ܶ࣬ǳ鷳СҳЩڵЩ߼װΪҲʯ죬ҲǿԵģ̫ϧˡ
ȻЩȫˣԺȥҪġһͷŻýһӣЩȫʧ
֣ΪʲôЩûеҩҩȫһЩᷢĶͻȻɻѵ˵ӵЩǿЩϲƷ壿
֮ʱرڲҹйԭ֪½ûһ汻ҵϢ
ֻʧǣЩ岢еֳһԾ޴򣬾ɵĴ


042 ʵ
ЩصϲĶ֮ɫǳ彻ϣ彻ϣʹ½˾֮⣬кܶѪԴϵ塣
ֶϰڻĵǾԲֵܳġ
쿴ЩνֱڰܻжҲ޶ٺøС
٣Ӧòɣ˵סȣܳġС˵ţһתղ˵Ը
ȣüͷһ壬ʵС֪ô
֪ǰĻͷҲֻ֪ͷ˵Ⱥһռ䣬ûĴ죬κ˶ȥС˵ţͻȻ˷ܣ磬ڿ֮һĵӣֿԱ˵ԺҵȣʱһҪСȥӴ
ԭ컹ΪСֻǺ棬ҪӦȴСȻ࣬һǳǿռıʱһȥǵıȫ͵ˡ
ԣͷϵ亹৵µһʵһ㲻Ҳۣ΢ڷһ岻ھ˵ʥ٣ȥ͵ǵĶⲻһô
ֱС飬콫бպãʣµһҶûзŹ漴һܣһ˼ӦҸطðҺúóһʵڵʵ̫ͣﶼΣء
ע⣬һȥ
һƫƧСɽУΪ˰ȫȥ󣬱㽫ڸȻóһҹɽϣһʵĵط¡
óװаҺƿϸֳڴɫҲ֪һΰҺҵʵǡ
ڴ飬һһΰҺģ漴һɾɽ⡣
ƿ˫΢գһתҺʱ֮У֮£һ˳ž˲ܱȫľһ˲ޱȵĳӯǾ͵ﶼƽʱһ
ܵڵı仯һĨϲ⣬Һ÷һ̷ֱʵһֱ͵֮УҩЧ뵤ǿ֮ͣеѸʵ
Ϊͨߵľ͵ֻ֮һı͵ʵֻһ̫࣬ͻƾ뵤ԺҲ޷ʵʵʧ
Һȴʹ뵤ޱ󣬴Ӷ߾͵ܹܸǰҺá
ûٳɣٴתһݵİҺ뵤佫еս
һУһʼսڵսϲ־ֵˣǰȻս󱦿⣬ȴֻһգһƿϣȴֻһСۣһĺȡ
յٶȴһ˰ٱֱšϵƿڣڴڵࡣ
ƷҩȻͬ졣дϲ˷ʱ䣬ٵת糤ˮһ㣬޹˼ɵսڵսаҺٶսҲк֢
ʱһȥϵϢÿʱÿ̶ڱǿͷֱͬʱҲһ㣬Ǵ󣬵Ⲣûи˿ʹ࣬ȫ
תһȥѱԭǴɣϵϢҲǰǿɶЩ仯ʱûʱᡣ
ܵڰҺѸٵʧսٶҲϼ֪ʱ쵽ˣȴŹʵǵĻᡣ
һᣬƴһѡһתǰսϵİҺƵһΪҺԽ࣬սٶȲԽ죬ڰҺѼ٣㲼ս飬յٶҲԶ缯һ
ЩǴ󵨵Ľ뵤ʣµİҺȫƵս֮ϣܹյս
һͺȣǿһ㣬սս
粻ҪľٶСŵȫһ£Ͻֹһġ
սˮһս飬ھ뵤֮þ뵤ﲻϵıҺڰҺʧ֮ҩʧ͸پ³
սϵİҺϼ٣ԭ⻬սҲΪһսһСӡ
ЩĻᣬһ㣬˺ʹֶս

սˮһս飬õ˷ܲѡ


043 ս
ţ˷еɫͻȻһ䣬սС֮ͻȻһǿϢֻϢһʧõһʱ׼ǲĳֹ
СղŸоʲôûУ
ϢǰǸͷϢС٣˽뵣ǣĿ־塣
ɫ΢΢һȻСҲˣǾ;ԲǴΪʲôսڻǰ˵Ϣأ
ţսͻȻࣵһ죬ͺʲôһ㣬ɵʶȥʱİҺȫϢ
ʱΪûаҺղŷյսѾþ뵤ﴫʹ
֪²ΪҲǿ󣬵ֹͣսͬʱϸļһս飬ɸûзκε
Ȼ˲õĸоڲûȥս飬תž뵤սȫתеǸ֮С
֮󣬾뵤ʹʧָֻԭ쵤еʱȴ֮ǰǿ
һ壬۵ϸֳ˷ܵЦݣʿȻһǣ̫ˡ
磬ԺôðˡСֵ𣺡ҪͻȻսڵϢʹսڵսûаҺ뵤£ľ϶Ѿˡ
һʱûסٺٸЦ漴ЦȻһصĶСС˵ղսôͻȻðôǿһ֮һ֮ǰ˵ģ
Ҳ̫Сҡҡͷɻص˵жǿߣһս飬ͽɣҲûиоǻͷš
ǾˡС˰죬Ҳû뵽ԭСϸļһսսͺԭһʲô鶼ûзһ㡣
ŪףҲţǼ⣬ֻн¼סǱǵʵ˷ܲѡ
Ϥʵ켤ҲƽһЩһ뵽ԼϻһΰҺɵ̾ϢϧˣαʹһΣڶֱӳʦˡ
磬֪ɣһǡСЦ˾õҺǾͲˡ
˭ǲðأ˵ǣȻðźܴĹϵǧСôһҪ֪ڰҺİ£ÿһ붼ǧĽ
˵ţͻȻŤͷӶ֮أһĨɱ֪ǷңҪǴʱ
û˵꣬СЦŽӿڵһǶ֣һĿһ
ɫһͣЦСҲôɣ
˵ʵСֵ
Ȼ򲻹ǣҲЦִҲδػͻһ𣿡
ҪȥС˼ȻһҲĸʱ䣬ɶӣ˽һЩ
һĨɱǲݣɱƼҲǳ׵ˡ
һоɱڵʵԸҲû⣬ÿԳᣬɱһ㡣
˵䣬һΣѻΪһ⣬Զɱȥ
֮
ݡ
һԶŵľɱɱǻûӦĽãɨ㽫նϡ
á
һɱ񵱼ʶãҪˣɻųڣһãǰһһ̣ǰľתҲ
ݡ
ã֣ÿһܻôһɱĵ¡
ãи֣ܡɱڷӦɴʱʮɱֵ˵ϣֻʣʮˡ
һħһ㣬ֵûУ׷תܣӰûŹǣ׷ǰ󲻵ʮϢʮɱֻ֣ʣһ˵ӰǰҰȫ
ǰŵö˿ӵɱ֣һĨЦģҲɱ㡣
лǰлǰɱԴһ㣬ϵͷͷðѪ֪
ȥ߷ħ˵ڶ߶ʮﴦһ£ңʹǾɱһɡ˵꣬첻мЦһ磬һȥ
ߺɱȻͷһֱðΣֱĶͷѪģһƬ΢΢̧ȷʵߣɱȥ
վԶ쿴ɱԶȥ¶Цݣ˻ǰ죬ĺڽɭ֣ûһһ̫ˡ
ûҵȴ˾ɱɱ֣ȽǸ


044 ɱɱɱ
磬ҪǷħսСɻҲС
ȻڣȻȫ֮ҶϷħûһ⣬ɱɻһٶɱ֣ħһϣҾδǵĶˡЦϾҲͻƣʵһӱ̫࣬Ҫȫûǲܵġ
Ǹ㡭Сɻˣ֪˼
Ƚһ԰ɱȫ¶յЦݣʱû˰֣ôɱ˵㡣
ɽС
ɱּħԼ˵֮һֲ©ȫʧ˶ʮˣħݶҧÿֱ졣
ô˾Ȼһɱˣкáŭķħһ֣һսһɱϣʱɱֻΪѪ⡣
СҵҪʲô¸ҽҲնҾͲзħħһӰһɽȡ
פɽеִ£һȫܵħڣɷħûֻһѪ⡣
ô죿һĲߵɫѿ
ųûֻҪʵפǡһһ̵
ʱˣǰѪ⣬ɫǳѵ
Ȼ֪ʲô£жף϶ʲô£ǰѪ͸ղŷħǿŭõ֤
ɽ⣬һͷԵıӣȫķħȥ¶Ц
ûжǼȥ
Ӧõʮ֮ˡ
˵䣬վ߶ڵ飬һתһ켶Ͻ׵ѱϡ
ɽȥȻߵò죬ҲƬ̱㵽ɽȡ
վסɱԹȿһһȣûǣǰߡ
վסٲվסǿɾͲˡɱٴȵȴˣֻɢϢ̫ѹĽŲÿһǵĿһ㣬һʹ
ꡣ
һֻʿʵɱڳܲסһѪ˳
ɱ
о߲ƣɱֶһۣͬʱһȣɱ˹ȥ

Цݲ䣬Ӱһɱһζһ̣ɱѴԭأȴûǣһЦݵȥ
䡭
ɱһΣڵϣϢ
ɱ
ߵȿڣѾɱֱɱ˳ʮɱ֣ûһɫϷ¶ѪЦݡ
Ӱһ컯ΪһӰЩɱֳȥ
ݡ
һ嵽ɱǰãһһԲνã㼤
á
ܵãɢǿֲϢɱȫɫ䣬ϧѲܣֻûϡ
䡭
ãһеֵȫΪأţЩҲǽãһһ̱ԭأҲˡ
顭嵽ǰĺɱȫһȻأһʮɱĽ¡
ɱֲһҲס˺ɱֵƣһ翴һ㣬оǿ־塣
ȴû˿ĳɣӰһ磬Щɱ֮УϼɱȻĽã
ۡ
иϵÿһĲҽС
һʱ֮䣬Ѫ֫ɣԭƽɽҲĲҽȡһ޳㡣
һµɱֱ㳬ʮʣµļʮɱһͱǿֲֶθ˵׷ɽȥ
ȻЩɱ϶Ҳľˣɱ뱻ɱ£ҿǳƬƬɱһո˵ѪҲ᲻
ܡ
һŭ𣬾ɽвϵĻصõЩԭͿֲɱָǸεѡ
Ӱ磬׷Щ˵ɱֻ֣Ҫһ׷ϣһ£׷ʱԭʣʮ˵ɱ֣Ҳֻʣ²ʮˡ
ƴˣһ
ۿһɱƲݵӣһ˫۵ɱҲԱߵͬȵ
ɱ
ɱҲŲһ̬ȥ
úá
ͻȻ¶Цݣãţǰݺݵһ
һ
ã񺿰ƿ˺ѿռ䣬ǰɱֻǰãһһ̣Ա㴫һȻ죬漴Ǳʧȥʶ


045 ɱħ
ɱ˹Ȼý졣ԼһɱһƬ쵱̲סЦЦʣµɱֶУȴлһ㡣

ͬʱɱַһĽһתɱȥʧķһľٶȻʱʶȫֶθűˡ
Щŷɱɱ֣һĨЦݣˣүãһ
㶼Щ˸ŷˡСӵص磬һħ
Сôô˵췴ô˶û裬ΨǼˣֻ˵̫͡
˶ɱˣ裬ʱ͸ø㱻ŷˡСռЦ
һɽȣԭ컹ΪҵһЩõĶɱΪʲôҪԸɺΪʲôܵڽɭ
ʧǣȫûеõһϢ
ˣɺǰҲҲæȽ˷ħ͸ȥ֪ͨҲǻһ飬ҲпЩڷħϡ
ߵɽȣǿϢ㼤գۼ䣬Ӱǰ
ôܵһȥˡһˣɫ͵Ĵ䣬תܣһǷħҲˣһҵִ£һǻ
ˣǻǷħϣ춼ĽնɱͬʱϣҲ壬Ǵƽ֣ǸִһǶˡ
Ͼħִ¿ǰ
ܣûôסִһߣӰ磬׷ȥͬʱħҲɢΧ졣
ǹն
׷ִͻȻһȣһϢĺϮ
áɫһ䣬ϽԱһŶݵһƿһڲԶĵ棬һ޴ӡ
աͷһĨ亹ٴҪǰȥʱִ׷ɢűĽã󱳱˹
ġܵĹɫһ䣬߶ս־һ
䡭
Ȼը죬ǿĳõһƺߣɳȥ
ȥ
δվȣߣͬʱ֮漴ı󱳶еһĹ
ɱˣ֪
ҪˣȴִɱȻı
ҷֱǻħִ£ΨһֻܵǰɴʱѾͬʱǰõûʱٶܡ
ۿ·ӣеĺݾֱԶ
ҪҲᡣ˲䣬֮һתһȻΪһޱϵ
졣
ڻΪ˲䣬צգķħһȭ
ȭͷ֮Ӱһ仯γһ壬֮ƣһſֲϢħȥ
̬ʹİȭƽʱʹİȭҪǿɣɢĿֲѹõ÷ħϢһϾѹһʯͷ㡣
оԼһħҪܣȴʱִ¿ʹһΧԷħȵҵסˡ
ҪܵķħһȴҲִµĻֻӲͷƤ߶ȫս컯ɵȥ
䡭
ݺݵͷ֮ϣûܽͷǾ޴ĳǵħѣɣ˳ֱϣǽอˡ
ۡ
һѪԷħڵս˰зڣͬʱอʹɷħʱ˲ЩΪ컯ɵѾ嵽ǰ
á
ħɫ˲òҰףϧκεķӦͷײš
һȻ죬ħͷͷϣɳȥò˵ħ֮ǿͱը
ҷħȻѪȪһ㲻Ҫð³ƬȻû
󣬵Ҫ㻹ܲٵһһĨѪȭͷգٴһȭ
սҰ
Ӱһݺݵĺڷħ֮ϣʱһ춯صľ죬ͬʱ֮ǰʹʱûͷҲͬʱȻը
һηħ൱ͬʱܵԭǿ֮ĩĻܵˣ㻯ΪѪǱըһ衣
ͬʱǿ֮£Ҳûֵסֱӱɳʮףصˤڵϣʱָֻģ


046 Ч
ޱ̫죬þִλûӦǿʱŸϽˡ
Ϊ쾭ǰʹ÷սҰʹøղʹۣ֮Ƕûע⵽Ϊʹõķս
һߵĻڿʹʱͷ˽һߣҪ֪ϴαһײϣȻûҲˣҲŸպһ㡣
һԾĨһѪִŵЦǵͷʱķǲϣ첻ˣա
ãҪܣסִɫ䣬ɴܶȥȻûߣֻһͺȣݡ㻯Ϊһʧ֮С
ִ¿ȥķɫһƬ࣬λΧûһʮСӣһԷɱһˣǶ˶ˡ
뵽⼸ʹõʽʱüͷֽʵֻһʿȴʹطֱ̫˼飬ǰҲδֲֿط
֮⣬ʹõսҲǼΪܹȭӰɹȭ֮ǰʹõĽȼʹõսΪǿ
ӻõϢ첻ǸһСӵܣΪʲôսЩսǴӺζ
ͬΪǵļ壬ɼ֮ʹùսִͻȻŤͷʵ
ûСҵϽشСǰǸǳķڼ˶۸Ҳ²ͻȻǿġ
ִ²˵ͷ˼һʵ˵սǴӺζǱʲôΪӣ
û˵СǰһֱңŶٳ˵ţɫ΢΢һ䣬ͺ뵽ʲôȴû˵
ϵı仯ȴûӹִµĿ⣬ɫһʵʲô
⡭һ£뵽ִµʵһݣֻʵصҲ֪ǷйأҴż뿪ʱɱĻϮܼ֮عˡ
ԭǿվһս˵ˣȴ˫ţͻȻܳһͷޣɱ˾ɱߣҲһٵһۣҪǹķŹһɱԱһܲ
ڵʱǹԣԺĵ̣κڸǸңţҲΪ֪ͷ췢ٳǺμҵڶ쵽ǣǶڣң뿪֮ʱͷϮ
μȻǹһжӲ£ҴϢǵĽǹϣƲۼףμ֮˲òչ˵ϵжͷϴӵһˣμҲҵ鷳
⣬ʱϮ֮ʱǹȻֻɱ˾ɱˣûж˳֣ǹģСȭӰΪĹһģһ֪СǲǴӹѧֶΡ
Ʋۼ׵ĹʵҲǸ߽ʣѾԽʣ»ûȥСִ˵ţͻȻһĨɱô£⻯Ϊʲôû壬ѵ岻ɣ
˵䣬ִͻȻ뵽Ա߻лŤͷиɱ
ԭɱҵиţͻȻеȫһɫ䣬ŤͷÿִɱȻؿԼ
вã֪Լ˲Ķһ£ִ´ˣһƼԸΪִ´
Ȼֱʱ֪Ƽҳһ֮⣬ȫɱˡ
ȻƼ磬ҲһôһãҾʹӦ˵ƼĿۣԣʱ»ЧңִҲ壬ԼӦԣֻҪȥʱ˵һͿԡ
лִ´ˡȻޱȵıɻȴҲмӸִ¿ͷͬʱзݵһ䵽ⲽأȫǰͣԺұؽҵǼȮ
ִ²ΪΪȻֻһִ£ɵλȴЩСļߡ
棬ܶ˼ù񣬿ͷҲǾ£ΪĿͷͶݣҲִ¡


047 ˵ɺ
ɣƼСѾ죬ûҵھɱ˱ɱʱͼɱʣµ˸һҪƼСҵִ˵ţͻȻصסҪġ
ִ´ˣղŷħ˵ɱ˶ɽУֻ棬ɽе˶ˡһɬؿִ£ص⿿Сʮˣĺڽɭ֣ҪҸ˸̫ܰ
ִɫһŵûϽͷƬִ֮ģ֮ǰħѾŻȥٹһ죬ԮͻϵҽҲһָϵ֮⣬һЩҲƼС㡣
ԣһȻʻ˭ƼС㣬ȴףЩ黹ǲã֪̫࣬ڵԼ˵ǻ
һ£ٴʵִ´ˣЩͬʱҵƼС㣬Ҹô죿
Ȼǲϧһֶνִ֡³ƼСҺҪ
һɳʮһСǰͣ¡
˳˫أ˿һ뵽ղŵ£ղҪӦ죬ʱ˼ҵĵ¹ˡ
ɳɳԱ߲ݴͻȻһ˿죬쵱ɫһݣ˭
û˻شҲû
ٲҿɲˡС췢ĵطȥΪӸղŴжϳӦòһˣޣǿ񱩵磬϶ͳˡ
û߼һɵѪζտʼ컹ûע⣬ΪԼϵģϾղź䱬ħ֮ʱҲմϲٵѪ⡣
ǰȥѪζҲԽŨأɫ͵һ䣬²Ҳӿ첻١
ݴУһŸӻ泯µһϻŴƬѪһϽǿݴԣ˷
С㣿ףȻһƬҰףǲѪۣ컹һ۱ϳڸ̻мɺ
ɺǺкøеģϾңͷǳĸм
ڿʡµصиĪһʹϽԻýóҩ£ɵϵʱŭڶ
ʱɺ֮ϾȻ˺ۣұۺϸһһһÿһⷭɼǡ
ǸһǻѪ
ģ⵽˭ɵģô֣ŭգļ٣Իýóһҩɺ˿ڣͬʱҲ²ɺΪʲô
ѵǾɱɵģɻ֮ǰѾȥ϶ὫɱҪɺֵϱƼҶɺӣɸֱŶԣôᷢ飿
ûףֱ۵ѾãɽļȴҪɺ·˺С
ȻŮܲףڹϵҲ˲ô࣬ץͽɺ·˺׼ȰѪĸ˸ֹס
ȻѾ׼ɵ쿴ɺǹ⻬ѩ׼˫۷ֱӿ죬Ҳ˻һջǣĿǲΪ˵ĵطȥ
ҺΪɺ˿ڣԲûн·˺٣ֻܿŷ۰׵򣬵Ҳһڸа
ģڸʲôڿǾҪѵ㻹֮ΣһޡкݺݵԼ䣬ǿԼջĿ⣬óҩɺ
ڰĹУĿԲʱɺ˵زϾһʮ˾꣬εΪеġ
ǰһͬ䣬ڳࡢʻǼ屳ŮҪǣŮ²֪ǰʩΪ
ð죬ǿɺ˿ڰãһ㣬Ƶܵʮ֮⣬Ŵֺݺݵ֣޺޵ص̫ˣŮ
ԭǿеĳ嶯ɺ˿ڰã㽫˺Ƶ·ס壬ȥ·֮ʣûס򲻸ĵط
Һ־ᶨʱס֣ûµ治֪Ժɺ
ҪȴƫҪװ˾ûһöռ֮УС죬һıӣȻЩġ
ԱߣһֱСʱ궯ƽɺȴȻڻ֮У˵̫ء
Ҳ֪Ǳ˭˵ģԷǾӲϵ壬ͻȻվҸطȰУ̫Σˡ
˵ţ߹ȥɺɱ


048 йŮ
ʱ֮ҵһ޾סɽǿ˸ռ׽ˡ
һɾĵطɺԻýóԼ׼·ϣ㽫ɽһ£ɺԱߣó֮ǰõȫ
ȫȻֻһЩм󷨣󷨻ȴܵ÷ǳһСʦʱԱָѧҲɡ
ͻȻһ뵽ԼҲһʱûԶˣһԱɺȻûɫ˲١
ŪԵġվɽȥһڸɱһֻŪɾ˻
ѾɭеˮóʪɽΪĻ𣬵Ҳûʲô仯
ڻϷ֨֨ͲʱεϣһͱõһѾûԶֱ̿ˮ
û뵽ڿѧգȻóˡ쿴ǽɫĿ⣬¶Цݡ
볢翾⡣ռУСſ⣬Сüͷ壬һֻСȭͷһգݺݵصŬһɹġ
ӡ
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ү죬ɺ¶һĨ죬صô
ڽɭ˵һݴУͰһ˿ڡЦû˰ɣ
ͷһԼϣǱ˺Ƶ·¶Ľ׼ɺͨ죬Լ·ֻ˿ڴ˺طȻõʱһ
һ뵽Լ屻쿴ֻΪԼ˿ڣȻɬѣĵͷð춼û˵һ仰
ϾһδµŮǰ˵ñ˿壬˾ߵǰһ״С
ܵɺı仯ɫҲΣæ͵ʵڱǸΪʱ˿ڻѪҾ͡ģҾûط
ԣɺߵú޲Ҹضȥ޺޵صһۣ㿴Щط
һɺپԼ˵˻Ͻͷ£޲ֱǱ˫֮Сˣô˵Ļ
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ǿѹе궯֧˰죬û˵һ仰ܲ˵ҿǰ棬ֿ棬忴˴룬Ůɣ
˵ұ֤ɺھҪƴ
ҺãղɺʳĻֻһʱʧڣʱҲ˵Ľŭ죬޺޵¾Բõ֪Ĳ㡣
ϾҲΪ˾ԼҴ˺·ҲԿ첢δʲôݵ顣
ɺĻһ䷢ĵص֪¹ϵСұ֤֪֮⣬Բõ֪˵ȥ򡭡
Ļû˵꣬ɺһߣתεĻ⿾˰ɣҶˡ
СôصˣôѪǸóЩȻܲסġٺһЦ˺һýƣȵݸɺ
ǱԼֱۻֵȣɺûӣü΢΢
ýгС״ɡҲ֪ɺΪƼС㣬ƽʱҲǽʳĴҹ͸ôһȺĿųȷʵЩΪ
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˵ţӹȣҧһڣʱˮֱð磬ڼһζõҲǹĿ࿴޵û뵽үȻ῾ôóԵζҲ졣
ûʲôСʱڼﲻܴҴɣֻһЩѧЦЦҲһ鿾⣬ڵؿ
ζһǣԼ̲סԼ
ˬĴڿţɺƺҲܵȾһԼеȣҧһڣ£оָоټȷʵˣҲ֣ѧڵؿҧ
оɣɺСĵϴյĿɰģ̲סһЦ
ɺһ죬ǵ˵ͷﲻЦ
һ˱㽫еĿ𣬶ʰһ£ʣµĿϰԵý䣬Ա´ûʱ俾֮ʱԡ


049 ԭί
ǴĿͻȻʧɺһ㶣죬Īصлý䣿
Ҳһ㶣뵽ǰɺȻҲЦŷЩ
ѵ˵һкܶý䣿ɺŴ۾Ŀɿڴؿ죬ǿɰģõ춼һ£ЦҪжý䣬Ҳסڸˡ
Ҳǡɺƺһýڴ½ϵļֵܸߣһöܻƷʯҪ֪ƼңҲֻһöѡ
첻ϾһתɻؿɺʵСôΣķĺڽɭ֣һôصˣƼҵĵλʲôҪҲðհɣ
ҲǱΡɺһɬҲû죬ǰǰ󶼸˵һ顣
ԭϴڸǼһ֮ɺȥӲ⣬ȴڻȥ·Ϯ
ɺƼҺǿأ⣬ߵĻʵҲǲйһһǺһǣһ֣ʵʤڣû˶
Ϯʵ̫ǿбһиɺȻƴֶΣɱ˶ԷȻУ꣬һҲڶԷϡ
ѣֻߣɶԷĲݣһ·׷ɱ־δսл֮⣬ȫս
ҺƼҳɳɺ֮⣬ҲһЩĶɺƾ֮£Էľɱһ
ԭĻ֮⣬׼صƼңȴ·ϸ⵽ףԷ˾Ҫɱ·ضŸ
ս£Ҳ˲ˣ֪ټԭ·أʱڽɭںڽɭлһжӵӶ
ҵӶţǱɺܶ࣬ϾÿӶŶɳһС
ͻȻĸĵڽ첢ûܵκεϮǻδɿϮһγ֣ζԷһ⻹
գƴֵ֮£ɺӳҲһ֮ҪҲܵסԷˣһɺһ·׷һֱڽɭ֡
ɫһݣ𾪵ؿɺôӳ׷ɱ
ȫɺóһСӴ򿪣һŸӵСĺɫӳ֮С
ǡ֮ܵдĿֲɫ䡰ɲ飡˵䣬ĽŲŲ
Ҳѹ˴󾪣ɲɲʯһϵ޵ҩԼһЩơ
ɲʯں񱩵ɲֻ֮г׵ĵطŻֲϣԭûʲôãΪɲ̫ǿ߸Ʋˡ
ɺȴһž֮һЩϣƳɲ顣
ɲǿߣΪʸ֣ҲˣȻ⻹ʲô˸еֲǣɲըߵ˲֮УƻߵľʹΪһˡ
ɲԵޱȣ߹⿿ԼˣҪͬʱ֣ܽ
ֻҪߣɲ̸֮ɫ䣬ΪǶҪҲһˣ߶ܲ˵ġ
һ쾡ԼƽɻɺʵȻɲ֣ôûнЩ˱ˡ
ɲҸ׷ѾŪģһҲţʱҲ򲻵ʱҪ֪տʼû뵽Щ˻֣ûó˵䣬ɺһʹ֮ɫһ
һ£ɺֱһɱҲʶϽɲóǴҲȷʵԷˣԭΪҲͽɽ죬Էˣǻ˺ܶʦΧңҸû취֡
ò׽ΧҵЩͼ߻ɱлὫɲǾȻըʣµҲֻƽˣƽҲ˲ˡ
˵ɺˮӿʵҲ֪ƽôˣΪ˻뿪һжԷ
Ἢġó־ɺϵˮȥο㲻̫ġ
ллɺ΢΢һ죬˼ᣬһù־
ûмʣǵɺƽһ±˵飬żʵЩ׷ɱ֪˭ô


050 ˵ı
ɺûش죬ȴ˱ˣҲע⵽ı仯п϶֮Ҳʡ
ȴû뵽ɺڳĬ֮ͻȻ̾һʵ˵ȨôҪôҪԼ˶Բˣ
ɫһ䣬һݣ˼һ£صҪʲô˵ˣĳ˵Ȩ͵һУȨӵһУӵձıǮЩˣΪ˵õȨǿԲϧһֶΡ
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ôɺŴ۾ؿ죬Ҳݺݵصͷ
ҺܲҡɺϸһĨЦ죬ɫȻصЩɱȻ棬ҲİĹսȴزˣʹõľȻƼղصĹս
ɫһ䣬ʵ֪˭ô
˵䣬в̾ĸ嶼ٲȨ֮ҵ˳ˣƼҸ߲Ҳˡ
ƼңһֱҸж߼֮λƻ˭ɺϾǱã֪ôСʱڼǶõģÿܻЩڼҸǲæңҸ׺͸ҲԶ
УҸһףһףȴû뵽ȻΪȨô飬ɱҡ˵ɺ档
ȻƼ˽Ⲣ࣬ƼҵļλҪ컹֪һ㣬ƻɺĶ壬ѹɺ˵ģԼ˭ġ
ﶼٲΪȨֶ֮΢΢̾ϢһĵɺֽڻˣˣҪģ˺Ϊģʵֵ̫ˡ
û뵽ǣɺûзҲûֽĽסӵĿ
Ҳ֪ôοɺֻǹ̵ˮ·͸ʱ˼ֻԼǲŸǰ˶˵СŮһһ
Ҳ֪ǲɺ̫ˣſžĻ˯ˣʱȻı죬һˮץһĵһ㡣
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ҲˣҲ֮رϢɺһһֱ˯ҹΪ´ŵûĻϨֲָɽʵŵòᡣ
Һøо컹ڣڣرԼɺеĿ־΢ļһ㡣
ʱͻȻֻ֣ԼӵĻôů⺮ʪҹĻҲûһ㺮⡣
ҪҪ˯һܵɺڶ쵱ʵ
ˡɺشСһ㡣
Ȱѻɣڶɽ˵ġĻɺЩůĻһߡ
֮ǰ쿾ʱ׼УԲ鷳Ƭ̣ܻͽɽյͨ죬֮ǰĳʪ뺮Ҳɢ
ɺ˫ֽһ𣬾һֻСӣùһ·ϣЦϰɣǧ䣬µģһζûġ
Ҳɺϵ·΢΢һЦȻҹйŮദɽ֮УɺЩҲһƬ糺죬֮ǰֱ챧˴죬Ӧһ㣬տʼĲ
ܸ˵˵Сʱô˳У𣿡ɺͻȻʵ
һ£Ҳ¿ҵ㻰˵Ҳǰ죬Ҫ˵ǰôģȻܣҲѲס죬ԼСʱԶ׫½飬ɺ˵
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һֱһʱֱ˵ÿڸʵûʲô˵ģɿɺһڴģֻÿЦ
ʵûа취ֻûһתɺ֮ǰӶˣʱ⵽ɱɱֵϮСӼȫû
ɺһ㶣Ȼ򣬵ѹ죬һֱڴӶųԱȴʼûټ


051 ɱɱɱ
ӶŵĪ⵽ɱϮ֮ɸʧ˻ȥʱֻзǵļԱɱϮǵԭ򡣡ǵ鵽ɱ֮ϮӶˣȻȫΪ˺㣬ұ÷ϻȥ֪ͨ㣬Ҳ֪Ƿȥˡ
ɱͻȻϮӶˣԭΪ˶Ըңɺɫأ漴뵽ʲôǱѿ
ȻҲ֪˵¿ɺģЩǱ˵ġ
ӦƻµҪӶɱӶʰԶϾԮɣ
ûлش𣬲΢΢زɫҲһƬҰףƻôһ·Ҫذ
ˣô࣬ҸЩֻʵƻΪԺٱơٴνɺڻУԼǿοɺ˵顣
û˵һֱȵ˵ɺˣƻ˿϶֪һһѲ飬ɷǳΣա
ɺ˲ᣬȻ˿ڣ·ȴѣһ˿ѿơ
ٴһ죬ɺ˺һЩ뿪
бϦ£ɫҶ£ǵ㣬Ұ㣬ˡ
ɺƽɽڣǰľɫ˶û˵ôţҲ֪ʱɺԴѴϣֻЦЦȫûһ΢ɺš
еһжôг
ҿ㣬ϸˣƼСһʧٵģô˵϶ܲԶһΧͷǷ˻˭ҵһͽʮ򡣡һĮͻȻԶ
ãˡɫһ䣬һȥƬֻ֮һصؿɺǾɱˣжʮʵô첻ʲôΣǺŻ£ߣɢϢжϳӦ
ԣɺɫһӱѿһؿô죬ֻһöɲˡ
Ȼɺһֱܿ죬ҲֻǿǱڲܹսʤ
ѣż֮ǰķħǱҸɱˡ΢΢һЦȵɽҰɣȥȥͻ
⡭ɺԲĻΪõϢ첻ʮ꣬СҲʮ꣬ôܾɱ
Ļδ˵꣬ЦģҲµģȥɡ
Сĵ㡣ɺһ£ϵɲϣУɣɲȻ󣬵ԺңûˣʲôҲûˡ
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ԶȥıӰɺһɫɴʱ˲ᣬ춼ûа취ȥֻ鷳
ǧ¡ɺתɽȥȻһһĲҽб㴫˹õһĶᵽɤۡ
ҺⲢһɼȱˣȻɽȥڶһݴпԶȴϤӰ֡
첢ûжأҲû͵Ϯһȥطһɨŵɱָû뵽ͻȻһͽӦûü㱻һã˵
ֻϧһ˲ûǷһĲҽУΧ˶ˡ
ãеˡɱֵӦһȫɷĴΧɱ֮ŵһԾһ˹ȥ
úáһЦ¶ѪЦݣӰһ˲㵽ɱǰһӣȻɱּʱ첢ֵٶȸ޷൱ձһԴ
һɱˣӰһֳɱ֣֮ǰһ˸ûκεķĽ¡
СȥãȻıϢõΧľɱɱֶһ
Ǵһͺɵһ㣬ʵûһ㵣ģ¶һĨмЦ
ãѵͷƤϢ֮¶еʹ֮ʣͻȻһǰˣͷ֮һ
ʱѸһתһЦؿԼ


052 ǿ
á
оЦеĲмһǴ̳һתΪֱϮԴ
ʱҲˣֻһϢԴǰһֻ̣һֱͻȻʧȥƣδŪʲôԭʶʧ
£ϸֳһĨЦȫ߶飬ʵԴﵽ۷壬ټĹսǿ󣬱˵һ֮һս
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ǧҪ°ǧҪ°ĲҽУɺļ٣ѡ
ӰһɺǰͣŲɺЦôˣ
ɺͻȻðһ죬һϲһ嵽ǰʵû°ɣûˣ
û£С㣬˲ҡһЦɺĹģиоůֻҵɱЩС㣬ʵǿĹ
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ܿ˿ѿɣһߵɺǰǰű
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ͨɺҲԥֱ˵󱳡
ɺǲأҲ;ʮ˵Ͳʲôһ·ɱ磬ûã㷢ֲԾˡ
֮ϣűȥᵽʲôʮ㣬ʱŮеҲıУõϾ棬аϴܣڸ
ƺɺҲе˲ʣ˵㻹Լ߰ɣеġгɬ
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峺ˮϲһѽɺ£ȥȿˮδ£յƨһ㣬ˮ
Ǳӣɺ̲סֱЦƬ֮뵽ղŵľ̬ɺһӱͨ죬һֱ쵽Ӹ
ܵˮߣû˵ֱӽͷˮУǱˮһȫһܣе궯һʧøɸɾ
ǰͷڵˮ쳣Ǳ죬ɺ̲סЦү㲻ˮ˰ɣ
εЦЦץʪͷղſˮ쳣Ծϴ˸ͷ
һľ̬ɺһЦ
ߡ컰δ˵꣬ɫͻȻһ䣬ã׷ˣߡ˵ţҲ˲ô࣬һѽɺڻУɱȥ
ͻȻϮɺŵһУҪǸоǿϢ̶ΪǹⱨղЦ
Ȼ쾡߶齫ʵ۷壬ƴǰɱǿϢȻǼٵС
ܵļµϢɺɫһƬҰףҰɣҵҡ
ô˵ҲжΣվ͸վŮǰ棬ôŮԼһ쿴ɺЦģ׷Ҳδô
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Ƽڲ֮£޹أûҪУԼΣ֮СɺٴȰ˵һ׷ϣǾǲŹġ
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áһϽԱ߶ܶȥȴģ׷ᡣ
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ϣ׾ٱܽɱɴʱɺֵûУֻòϵĶŶԷ
ɱ֮һ㣬кȫҪȥһʮУȻƵϴȴ½Ƕû˵˵ŭ֮ʣԷͣ£վǰؿ


053 ƴһ
ţǽ׷ϢҲϵͣ˳״Χ棬ֱʱףԭԼԼ
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Ȼ˵ĳԹάɴɢϢȴԿ٪һǳ͵ȴһ
߶߲ˡɺ¶һĨЦ£Ͱ֪λΪǵȥ·
ԭ㲻Ҫ֪һЦг˱ɱʶľ͹ԹԸߣǶ֣ʱܡ
ҸҾ͸ߣɫһЦΪԼø߾˲𣬾壬Сı졣
㡭һ϶ʱһŨصɱõΧ¶ɱ֮Ȼ½Ҫ֪Ϊڳˣɻ˵¡
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ԣ΢΢һһĨãȻǵ汻ɺˡ
СǺ֪ǵݾ㡣٪ǰһɺһ񣬵ֻЩֻ¶ѣԼСһˣǿɾҪðˡ
Ȼ٪忴ƿȴûη塣
ѵһҪôɺ˫۷죬絶ʣԭһ˿ҲΪʲôΪʲôֻһŮӣֲ֮λΪʲôһҪ
ЩЩµȨ֪٪ǺһЦԶүƽʱС۰Ҳ̫Ϊġ
߿ԣ޹أ뿪ɺһĮؿͣߺ޵صҵҪƻôɱҡ
С㡭һϧĻδ˵ɺҡͷһȻص޹أ߰ɡ
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ˣҲҪƻѵһ֮λôҪɺҡҡͷŤͷ͡
ȻС㿪˿ڣȻӦǡƵɰһ㣬쳣̶
ɺͷϽ뿪жԶ߶Զ˵ţץѣһɫŶԷȥ
СҲܸߡһǰץסɺ֣ǰߡ
СۿͿԱѪеĽɺȥȴ뱻ƻ˺£ټϸղĳЦеŭҲ̲סɫһӰ磬һ㣬˹
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ľٶȻ֪Ҫƴ͸û˿⣬еǹãǣҪǰڳЦСӸ顣
ڱֳʵѣǰǿǣߣȼԽߣÿһ֮ĲҲԽ󣬴ﵽأҪɱ׾١
˫ȫʵһ㣬ŶԷȥԱߵҲûаæ˼ǵУһˡ
뷨ˣǿȥɺҲͬ뷨ԽԽȫҵĲѪľе
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һ֮͵Ѻݺݴ֮ϣɾڴеһ˲䣬ϵĵ֮ɫȻ̣Ϊ̲塣
սҰ
һ˲䣬һŭȣһȭȭӰһһϵŭȭͷ֮һ޿ƥ֮ƣ磬ǰȥ
ߵľ̫ˣǰѾоһĿ£ȴκεķӦ
һ̣һ޴ĺݺݵĳ͵֮ϣֻͻȻһ˲ȫˣȫѪҲ緭ھ֮ҴܣѪֱʺ

ĲҽӴѪͽ˾߷ɵƤ򣬻֫ɳȥֻڿһѪɫӡۡ


054 Ϸˣ
һֱɳٶףڵϷ˼ڵϣѪֹ˺ð죬ûվ
ͬʱҲߵķݵɳȥ
ϾղͿȫһ֮ϣȻ׸סˣǰȫһȻСB´󲿷ݶ׽ȥʣµһݣԲԵֵġ
һɳף춼Էɹɴʱȴһľ޴֮УûзӦ˵졣
һסӰӰУһɱһսӿŵһȭ˳ȥ
սҰ
ӰһĪܣŵô֮зӦĵȫһһ뵽ղ͵³ĸҵֵʧԱ߶ȥ
һŵһɶǿֲõõȫԼУ¾Ͳˣֱӷˡ
ۿһգ˫۵ֲʣ˫۵˷һ㣬Ѿﵽʾʶ糱ˮǷͷ۶ȥȻҪǿиıķ
ϧû˵Ȼǿֲܣǰ塣
ת
쳹׷ˣʶޱȫŴʶģҲԽĲҰס
磬еģ㲻ôȥˣ˵ʶġռеС淢裬٣ϵĺ죬ɴʱûʶӿ
ģǸŮˣҪҲôΣաС֮࣬һжɺϣɺҲǵ
໡
ʶ֮ҪĹʱڵΪԼڶһʱȴͻȻһͳ漴ӴӰһתŵĺ󱳱˹
ܵͻȻĿֲܣһȻᵽɤۣɫһӱðס

һ¼ļ﷢𣬱㱻һ޴ĺûҲ֮УΪѪ⡣
ŵɱεƬ̣漴緢ЦˣȻɹˣ
ʱѪɫҲʶ̫ȣԭͷҲղ͵һɢһ룬ټǷĴЦɡ
õɺΪղű˵⣬һУĳ߿ޱҡôˣңѡ
û£û£ġϽѹסе˷ܣɺĺ󱳣ο
û£û£ָֻɺ־ϲþòԸɿ
ˣİɡɺ󱳣ſһЦʣµ٪ȥڸֵˡ
ΪʲôΪʲô̲ȥһ߽٪˿ڿˮ˿־壬һʵһ˼
٪Լηߵı飬ŵĴЦȻһʮСţ˵ȥҲ¶
㡭ķõ٪ѣָ죬صСţ֪ĺܴǿ֮ĩٷղĹ
Ȼ֪Щ첻мصѵĵӸһ
СҪɱ㡣٪Ҳܲĳ׵ıŭֻһ˱㻯ΪһӰ˲㵽ǰ
ȥ
һŭȣ٪ͷȥȻҪͷ֮ʣȴһ̧֡
һ̧֣٪ɫ䣬ΪҪУһ뵽˵³ĺ󱳾ֱ
һգ٪ƨһ㣬ˣһ˱˳֮⡣
ĵӹȻһ٪ǾֵľٶشЦţЦ첻ֱȻ־ˣ˵ȥЦ˲Ź֣
оԼˣˣ٪ɫˮ˫۳죬ǡСҸƴˡ
٪Ũصɱ⣬ٴγϴһһ嵽ǰٴλӽ
Ҳ֮ǰһ̧̧֣һε٪һĨЦûˣǼӿ˼֣Ҫնڽ¡


055 
ɺܿͷ֣ǾƺһϸһһŸӵСͨڵӡ
һӣǸܵ洫ǿ٪ɫһӱòҰףǷ˵ٶȱϴθǿ˲١
٪˵֮⣬һ𾪵ؿ죬صôɲ飬ôܣôܣ
ȻܹŪɲ飬ϾɲɲôƵģûϵĸ֣Ͳܣ˵ڵңʤ۹Ҳܹơ
žЦӰһ٪ȥɫҲһӱĻ쵰ȥɣ
ɲԼ٪εѣɲǰ˵һССʸҲ޷֮
֮£٪Ļа㵡ˣڵϵҲܣת׷һ㣬ɱȥ˲ʧ
٪ʧԭŲѵɫͻȻһƬͺ죬۵һһѪһΣ㵹ȥ
ɺȥһѽסصôˣ˵ˣ
ûʲôһС˶ѡǿ¶һĨЦ⣬ϵ˵ǲأϾղһѽ߳ɵĳȥʣȻһЩˣҲ㲻̫ء
ܲסȴʶģҪ֪ʶǾ񣬱꣬˵ߣͨˣû˾û궼ᵱ
οǶʶصߡ
Ϣһ°ɣɺĵ˵
ûʱ䡣ҡҡͷ٪ˣ϶֪ͨˣò˶ñи˸
ԣɺɫһ䣬ھ뿪ҷ㡣˵ţҪߡ
ֹɺľٶЦһû¡˵ţҲɺǵڵϣֻʣ°ȥ
ͣǰЦſͣû뵽Ľɣû뵽ᱻһеСһлܰɣ
ҲʣҲʣңΪʲô̲ȥħңΪʲôΪʲô
Ϊϴһף¿Ŀ˰ɡ츩֮˵µ˲䣬һ͵Ĳӱ㴫һ֮
ʵ뷨ĺܼ򵥣Դӿ˳֣֪ԼԲǶ֣»ΪҲǵĶ֡
ҪȽһȽǿ֮һһһ˿ʤ㡣
ڷƺԱ˳ЦĺܷŭʱŶԷ֪ףһ
˵ÿһսĽǶ˿֣ȫŶԷҪкȥ
ҪԴȫɣԴ벱ӣ˵ҪС١
ټϴҶ֪Դ벱ӵҪԣᱶע⣬һʵȶԷǿ֮ܶ⣬Դ벱Ҫܡ
ΪڴУѡ񹥻ԷɣΪ˵һ˵ˡ
ҲͨһԼƴʵǿܶ࣬ӣʹһ̴ࡣ
ȴ֪׻壬Ͳ̴ܹģֲʱѵǰκεķӦʵʵųȫһ
ǹ˫ۣһʵͣɺһĨʹʵǿһġ
֪ƼҵʵҡͷǷŹмôᣬãֻӷɱǣΪУСǾǳ裬ֻһܹȥ
һ£Ƕƻ£עǵˣɱǱõ֤ҿɲΪһʴȣԺ޾鷳
ǱϾƼҵʵɺһʹ࣬ε̾ϢһҲ˵Ķ԰ɡ
ɺһıˣҡҡͷûٶ˵ʲôµöŷɿԶȥ
ɺ֮ǰסɽǰһĮվΪ֮һʮ꣬ߴ󣬻ĿüɫȫӣɢĿֲϢԿȻһ
ȫһŻ£ɫĮߣͶһ


056 
һӰɽ֮зɱǰصصƶӣûˣлҺۣ֮ǰӦסˣһһ鲼ϣӦСϵġ˵ţ㽫óһָֻСĲϡ
ӹϣһۣͫһȷʵСϵģѾһһ𣬶ǵҲǱɱֻǲ֪˭ʵΣ
˵ţһŻŵӰԶɱǸղű˵٪壬٪һǰ£ƶӡ
ôֻһ˻žʧ٪壬ɫһʵأ
صƶӣǡǶˡ٪ӴʱûдӸղŵлع
ô£ʵ˵ɫȻһƬɭȻȫɢŨصɱ⣬õΧ¶ȶȻ䡣
ǡ٪岻˿һһʮĽ˵˳رĲСӵս̫ǿˣȻȥֻɹǷȴǱһȭˣϺ񻹴űףʹ̲ȥ
֮⣬ȭӰҲʮֵаţ仯һ޴Ĺһת䣬̾ǶȭӰȴͻȻһתԱϮֲ֮±ġ
֮£һĨ֮ɫõ٪ȫһ󷢺ͷƶӣ˵ľʵа
׷ϧһһҪСץס˭Ҳƶһȫɫ䣬Ҳܹõɺ˻ȥ׷ɱػᱩ¶ʱƼŭƻΪ˱ȫԼ˧
ףĸ˿ĳɣһΪһ磬٪Ĵ£ɱȥ
ǰһɽϢһ°ɡͻȻָǰ˵ţʱɫףɣȫվס
áɺͷһԭƲûлָڷɱʮ֮Ҳ˿ڷʹ촽ףҪĶƷҩ˿ˡ
໥źܿɽǰ
һ£ȥǷΣաɺ˵ͷɽȥ
ɽ󣬿ң޹⣬վڶڣΪߵķõ׼ȥʱһͻȻȳ
СġСһҲע⵽ԱһϧʱҲǿ֮ĩ
䡭
ֻеһӰǰһʹ˱㵹ɳȥ
顣Ȼأſ³һѪ˺һվ
үɺһУ嵽ǰôˣҪҪеҩ¡
𡭡
δشɽǰ㴫޺õɺһŤͷȥһֻ߽ףؿһŻë֮⣬ȫɢźɫĺëǵĴܡ
ħܣһǳĵħܡɺͬʱгϾǾ֮ɫ
ħ弶Ⱥޣʵǿħܱʵʱĳãǵʵǡ
ħһأԵħܣڳ֮󶼻ᱻϳȺȥԼȺ
Ǿие˵ǣǰֻħֻճĵħܣȻǸձϳġ
ʱͲһֻħܣֻʮֻħΧˡ
𡭡ħһ˫ţž޴Ĳÿһĺ¡УǵɫøΪѿ
ƽʱôһͷʵĵħܣˣʶ֮ȫĴͷӲһʵ
үô죿ɺ죬صҪɲ齫ըɣ
С˼£ҡͷ׷ɱǵ̫֪࣬Ժ󻹻ʲôǿߣʣһöɲȴΨһıֶΣõ
ô죿ɺͷħܿʵ״̬Ͳ֡
ûлش𣬶ǿǲĵħܣһų취Ͻ뿪
£ٴδ߶飬ǿվźܳȥ
ҪɺһУشȴһͺȣϽ뿪
ȥɡŽŲһ嵽ħܵǰȥ
ѱСӾȻԼħܴŭһǾ޴ƶ˹ȥ


057 
һֻǺͨһһսûУΪսһ꣬͵Ҫʶάϵ޷һ
ڵûʶȫ޷սҲ޷սͷŵӹս޷ʹá
ͨһȻֵܵסħǷŭһ
顭
һ죬ֶȥħһľ޴ǿ֮ĩֵסҲɳʮס
ȻʱѸеȫʹһ᲻վǿǿԼѵ־
үľ͹ŵħ¶мı飬Ȼħ˻弶޵̾Բʮͣǳı飬ħܵףڿԼ
𡭡
һٵıƣħܳ׵ŭˣһװĽŲ졣
һǰħܸûκεĳɣצӶͷȥ
צӴżƿ˲㵽ͷȴû˿ľ⣬Ϸ¶ɭȻɱ⡣
һתһͨѩº䣬ǱϢõһľϡ
Ҫҵ㻹񡣡
һŭ콣ͻȻһɰսŵħܵű˽ȥ
ͬʱħܱҲȻһٻӰһȣнãźħĺ󱳱˹ȥ
ۡ
ۡ
иͬʱɺ˵ͬʱħ֮ܵС
ȥͬʱһȣȫ֮ǰȥǱɺǰսҪǮĺˮעħ֮ܵС
ħ弫ΪǿҲǼǿܵǰͬʱĹ˵̽һ룬ȻûĵȻû˿ȥ
䡭
ƺݺݵԴ֮ϣǣڵħǿֲһ֮£Դû飬ΪԴ֮ϳһ˸˵ħܵһűסԴ
Ǿ޴ĳȴһһľͷ˫ֱߡ

ͷ֮ϣɺεѣŭ֮£ֱЩעħڵս
顭
һڵħ֮𣬵ħȫһͻȻȪˮѪƬ̼һȥ
үûȥħܣɺһܵǰ컹ţһ
лҪ㣬ҵСѱ¶һĨȿ޻ѿЦݣʱȫϣ˫Ȼڵ£˫۾͸û˯һ㣬Ƥ̧
ڸղţѾԼʣµһʶҲʹˣڵʶ֮ѾȫĸɵҲҲһ㡣
ʶͨ˵ľһ㣬̫ͨۻûϢãͻûȫû˯ߵʶһҲƵڵȫǿԼļǿ־һ˿ѡ
Ҫ˵лҲŶԣҪ㣬ˡɺҡҡͷήҵӣϽóϴŵĵҩȷϢһɡ
áҡҡͷЦϵ˲أֻΪʶһգҩǲʶġ
ھͽɽϢɺ˵Ϊ֪ʶֻܿϢָܻҩȷʵá
ɺ׼ɽȥ֮ʱԶͻȻһЦû뵽ƼСȻҲ˶飬һǶһС飬⣬ȣȻأҴ۽硣
һŤͷȥɫ䣬죬һľΪ֮ǰнִֵ¡
ɺ˶񣬿ִ£ִ֪СŮк£·Ǿɣ
СҲе⣬ֻҼүͶС岻ѣСȥͣȻС㣬ҲԵݣţСƼݡһº͵Цݣ⣬˳⡣
ɺûػȿһֿһԱߵ죬ɫĪ⣬ʱҲе˼С㣬ǧӦûġ
ϵļУǹĵĻ⣬ɺһůɫȻõĮŤͷãҴӦ㣬㲻Ϊ
ҪСʧˡһǸص֮ǰɱҵˣҵıΪӵܣӦΪͬ屨ô뿪Ҳ⣬䵱ҵִ¡
㡭ɺɫһͫ


058 
֮ĺòҪӾɾ֮ر֮Եߵ֮ʲôʱҵĶЦҲ֮Ҷ֣ɱֻǼˣѲ㻹Ҫϴɾӵűɱɣ
ԣҲû磬û˵ɱֻǹһЦ˵ò֮Եߵ֣֮Ǳɱֻּܹˡ
һ£ֻϧи֮˲ܣõҲͽѣһȻµĶõȴһ޸֮ˣ³
֮ȻǼˣɱ֮ĳѾ£㣬ΪҵһݣȻҪΪǱ𡣡
˵ţһɭȻ컺
ѵҪƼҿսɣɺ嵲ǰҪǽүһëɺģϧһΪ𡣡
֪СƼҺӣֻҪһ仰֮ءûбɺĻţЦСΪҵֽ̣һ¡
㡭޳ܡɺȫȻû˵Ĳ֪Է˼ԼΪ⣬ԷΪޣһԷץңһж˵㣬Լһ㷴֮ûС
д󵱼ޣŮ£޳ܣСҲˣҲʤĴ֮һŵԣǾ䡣ЦʱѾ˲ס
ԭɺҪȴסҡͷˣ˵ٶ඼޼£˭һ
ܾܲôɺ
Ȼܡ˵ţ¶һĨЦԻн֮ǰ٪ɲݸɺȫš
˵ţŤͷЦʤҲһɫֻǲ֪ܲܵסɲأ˵꣬ŵĴЦ
ɲ֣ɫһ䣬ǰĽŲȻͣסһȻؿɺʱɺƺеɲ飬߸߾ٶϲЦصִ£ļʶӦʶǲİɣ
û˵˵ľٶѾ˴𰸡
һֱ˵֮⣬һŵؿ죬ôܣôɲ飿
˼ˣɲ鲻ҵģСģֻʱšٺټЦҳţﻹһţִ֪ǲǸʵ¡
£ɺɫͻȻһһŨصɱ֮б
ȥɡһȣɺɲ飬ٻӰһ˹ȥ
áɫһ䣬תܣƬ̱ʧȻ˸УɲȴԵֵġ
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ûܡҡҡͷЦʱڲԶȴء
ԣɺһǸô죬ǳɲ飬ٲĶ֡
žŰɣȵɽлָһ󡣡Цɲ֣ʱڲҳʱ취
ɺҲûбİ취ֻõͷɽ
ԭǻΪɽɳϣɽףһֱ˰ٶףȻһƬԽߣռ䷴Խ󣬶ҲʪԽĸ
ɽ򵥰ü˼һͻȻתߣȥ
档ɺɻص
֪ͷ
ʮͨɺҲٷԣɽȥ˸߳ԶӰɽڡ
أͻȻһ󼫶ŵЦ
ȻദҲ죬ɺȴֳ켫ĬֻһȣӰһȥɡ
յڣ뿴Ŵһɽζûתɴܡ
һֱܳʮףȻû׷ŤͷȥÿվڶڣЦ
Ļ쵰һҪ֮ءΪҵִ£֮ߣʱܹϷŪֱ谡谡
ľ㡣ЦһŤͷɺٵڣҵҪô
⡭ɺһ£ǰ˼תսŶһ


059 ƼҵĿֲʵ
䡭
һ¡ڱµɽʯȫ
ô죿ɺɻؿ졣
ȻָһָǾȥ̽ɽ˵ҵö
ðɡɺҲûа취ֻõͷͬ⣬˱ȶ
ɽ֮⣬ǽɽںȴû˿İ취ʱǽ˲ãϵɲ飬ֵǳûˡ
С쵰䵽һãܡףħڶ
ð죬еŭ΢ƽϢһ㣬һݵɽżõϢ֧֣ܿҾţСܡ
ת۰ȥͻȻһеɺ͵ۣߵʯɲǱס
żǲôġе¶һĨЦǶ֪ɲ飬׳ġ
ʱʶѾָ߰˳ɣԭҰ׵ɫҲú󣬿쳣ľ
ʱɺ־ϢϵҲò٣ɫֱð͸죬ҲָԭеĴԡ
ֻһöɲ飬ɽ̶֮ȵķҲԸˡɺü΢壬صصڲҵҵҲ١
ҲˣһĨ죬ʶ̽ȥȻɺ˵ʱ˺üŻ¡Ҳһߣвҷεվһ
Щҵг𰡣¶һĨɻһȫŭ壬Էɱǵĸĸһ㡣
˵ɺһ㶼⣬ЦƼȻͬΪĴ֮һϵʹûϹ˫Ϊ˴ѹԷνֶξ
ΪˣڶԷϵ߶ЩУֹǵͼߣҲɳȥ
ƼΪǿĶ֮һҸ֪ƻҰĲΪ˴ѹϮңϵ˲ȻϵҲ٣߱ͳƺû־Ѿܲˡ
ԭͷɺʵ֮ǰ˵ɲըһľһľѵƼңͲֵǮ
һ·ϣģҲʮˣȫ֣ѵȫ֣
ɺһĨɣ쿴֪漰Ƽҵĺ׸˵˵ˣҲһʱ档
ʵҲûʲô˵ģڵ۹֪ܶɺƼңֻΪǿһǳϻյĹãǳҳ֮⣬һЩӸĸ֣Ȼ࣬ȫʣڵжˣҸ볤ǣ˶ҲƼҵ߻ܣǳй¶ᴦ
ڶǼҲҸյȫɣŶˣҸףû֪ҶյΪӣÿһӵĶӳƺΪƶӡ
ԭֻǴճ鷳ȻҲ࣬ҲʮʮˣǿҲ߰ѣЩҶ岻֣ʹʵǡ
ڵжˣʵΣ³Ҷ壬Ҹ֪ٲڰˣ֪ڵƶӶǾеƶӸǰֻſʡ
ôǿϾǺȻԭΪܲɺĻףЩĴǰ˼ҹָǡ
Ƽô˵Ҳӵʤ۹ٶĴʵ϶СɺЦЦʵҲ㲻ʲôڶĶһԼԶǸΪǿǻ˾ңǵʵи
ˡһڿˮͷЩ̫ǿˣУþһ㡣
ղ˵һӦеĵƶӣΪ֮ǰϮҵƶѾɲըʬ޴棬ȻЩƻǿߣﵽĸҲôģȫҲƶӶѡ
Ϊʲôƶӣɫصʵ


060 ǿ
ƶӴʱܳɺ˵ʵһУƶѾֻ̤ʣΪǱȻʱڱչأȫʣͲҶҲͻƵʣʵƶǿ̫࣬ǿƶ
⣬Ҷһı֮λƶӱֻ̣ҪƶӳΪʣʵɱǣʱѹҸףͲƶһΪʣôܻȥ
˾ͺáһô˵һֻ̤ʵĸ֣Ҳɲ١
˵ʵһֱɻΪʲôҪôɱ㣬ϾһŮӣ˵ģͲ֮λһвɻؿɺҪ֪½ϣŮ˼ǺصģŮжôܸɣܵ
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062 
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064 
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ɫȻһ䣬һӣǵҺɣɾ˲ı䣬ԭĽã˸Ŀ϶һʱ֮䣬Һ϶

ȻæӶҺ䣬ȻϣʱеһʹۣͬʱҲһľС
ģôôߡŭӣۿҪҺûҺôʱ˳һΣգȻǶҲû̫ĺøУ뵽Щߣһҧȥ
ݡ
·ɣɽ֮γһܼĽãõЩȥĶҺҲ岻ȥ
˱£˳ߵĹΧɴʱȫڣһľұðһŨصĶǶҺĸʴ֮£쿴ͷ
ҵסˡ֪Լϣǣһȣ漴Ҳ͵óһƿҩ£תսʼⶾ
־ŭڣһ뵽ƽʱЩߵĴֶΣҲֻƴĵֵ
ܿ죬ҲĴ˹ɽĳߣǿЩʮĳڽⶾ˶
ͬʱҲһᡣ
߲ԼͬĿҲһûᣬҪ֮ʱ˫۽յͻȻۣЦִ£ɱɵ£ˡ
һϵĺɫѾɢ٣֪ڵĶȥ룬ԼʧȥᣬֻùһЦƶᣬˣǿѡ
Ȼ˵˵úȣûаȥæ˼֣һϷӡ
֪ѲʵҲָǰæֱۼƬ֮ɫڻָȻЩҰףѾ
ʱЩڳߵҹ֮£Ҳ쳣еǶҺĸʴʧꡣ
ɱ
һԾų߱ȫһǰͷĳ߻ɱѵõĻᣬ
һһˣɸ˳ͱ֮˸סˡ
Ҫʲôһʵ
ˣǿû⡣һЦղСѾ˽ȥǾôˣ֮ǰһвæˣ
˵÷ƵȥʮֵĺٶûõĺøУһŭ
ʱЩ˵ĳٴγȫţסǵȥ·ƴõ֮
ÿ
һǰһӣֱָٶȴõһЦҲһΡ
Ϊеʱֻʣ°࣬ذ޼źܶ౻Һʴµȱڣȥ񱻹ҧȱһ㡣
ٲÿҲ˳ЦеŭҪƣʱͳȥˡ
ҵҪβԭΪѵȻ£һվһƵ˵ʲô˵޹һ㣬վԱ߿֡
쵰Ҹƴˡ˫һӱͨ죬ŶԷ˹ȥսһ
ʱĳ߱ǿסöҺǿ岻ȥҲһŭ
˻
ֻǿһ˻ٳߵ£ʧ˵ʶϧ˵ţǸ˲ȥ
ǵšһȣأãһݺݵԴǿߡ
áǿɫ䣬ۿĹѵͷŵ겻壬æֻ֮÷ֵӽ
ͬʱҲɫһ䣬һȣ˹
ҡ
ûҲҵġмٶȻӿ켸֡

ݺĽϣͷһһĨѪûʹ˰֣ٴ̣סһӱ㱻ѹ˼ͷ
ң͵׼ЦһһתһɶԴ׷ɶ
һԴʱѵǰֻŲæһֻһҲɳȥ
һģվסɫؿɱ֮ˣ͵ҵ׷ɱɡ
ѵɱ˻ôһмЦ


067 
ޱ̫죬˶ûзӦǷӦʱԴɳȥ
Լ˱ɱ֮һŭĿ֮ȫɱڣֱָֻͷһ£ҪԷƴһ
˵ľٶҲʾǼƴֵߵ֮⣬Ҳȫ׼Էû˿ʾ
ɴʱȻŭܣ޲ýǧУȴֻ֣֮ǰ֪ǿʵԸɺԲûɾֻһ
Ϊƣ֮ǰŻͬҽˣԭڳϳ˿ۿҪת䣬ȴͻȻ֣ǵ̸ɱһˣһǾ͸һճԿĻǡ
ʹˣĿɾͲֹңҪǴȥͻᱻΪƼҡ
꣬û˭ȫսˡ
뵽ղűɱ뵽ЩбԷɱˣԼԼȥصлܵϿͷ˫һӱͨ졣
ɱˣͬھҲҪ֪ɱ˵Ĵۡһȣһڼѵֵųߵɱȥ
ܴ֪ԼҲĶ֣Աѡ񹥻ЩֵųߵߣһܵУʱǿҲܶԸôĳߡ
Ҳɵһľٶɫһ䣬Ӱһ綾һ˹ȥ
áܵϽһ˶ȥҲû׷ΪʱҪϮڸܵĹܾᣬõǰĳҵӣȻҪˣòְæ
Ӱһ˻صһǰףɱ֪ҵ
ɱ׼һȣս裬ŭȥ
ɱҲʾһͱһҲһ㣬ųȥ

˫δսһĲҽбұ֮ȫǹҵĺɱ̺Ŀ־õ־һ
ʶ鷢˫뱻̵Ľе˵˶ȥǸǿ˻
һվ߶Һ󷽿ȥ˶ɫһƬҰףԭտĺ󷽣ʱȻԵ߽ͨռһﵽߴʱһֻʵĳǰɫīڣȫ鴤ۿǻˡ
ȥͬһʱ䣬ȳԭҪƴߴʱҲʶԣƴΪ˻
ɱһŭ߶Ǻ󷽵ĳ߳ȥӭǵȴһ꣬ȻҪǰ壬Ϊ˶ֻ֪гȥҲһ˿Ļᡣ
һߣȺ֮УȻЩʵǿ˹ȥЩֻļͨȴǽɽ纣Χ
Ҫ֮ǰƷҩЩߵĶʱʮĶ֮£Ҳ궼ʣˡ
ɼЩɱ֮ĳȻõеһľģɽôôߣ֮ǰɱļϱɱĺɱģҲǧôûһ١
ʮطʲôܣ
벻ףʵҲȥΪڳߵĺ󷽣ЩߵĹ֮£òɱǰߵĳߵòԽԽ٣ҪЩʱҵͳȥˡ
ɼЩʮֵĹҲʮھʵΪǿģҲ˹֮С
ǾôˣҪȻүҷô˶Ŀ࣬Ͱ׷ˣţĿһתԶһڣûмǴӦͨɽڵڶġ
ٺ١ͻȻ¶Цȶ𣬾һ޵սһŭȣŲȥ
ݡã֣ÿһȥߺߵȻЩƴ뵱ס죬κ̫
˻
쵽֮ʱͻȻһ˻ţһĳͻȻԲ֮һֻѪڣ


068 Ī
áһų˹ȥȴҪ֮ʱǼеͻȻһһ
ۡ
һգûջأѳ嵽ǰſھĲҧȥŵð˵ҩ³ĶҧвӣоҲõ䡣
û˿ĳɣһ¿һɻδɿǳٴŻڵϵҧ
ҪٴζܣȴͻȻһʹõ̲סһҽС

ΪһɣѾ䵽ǰõҲûܵĻᡣ
鼱֮£ֻýһŤӴȻס˲ӣȴƵ˳Ĵǰ
ۿҧסĲӣҲʳһھͽļҧס
ȳֱۻҪСЩϾ߲Ӵ࣬ò˼ǣгԴһСļ򣬾Ȼһȫҧסӣƺ뽫ĸ첲̽
Ȼ߲󣬵֪ǵȴԷһЩ޵ݶδرȵǡ
ԭ컹Ϊ߷ǿֲҧסԼ򶼵ñҧ飬ԺпܳΪ˵еĶ۴
ֵǣ˺һû˿ʹɻؿ֮ʣȴȻŽ⡣
ǽ̫Ϥˣ׷ô
ʱҲͻȻſ˿ڣ漴𾪵鷢ˣֻ׻Ϊ򸲸ǣǽ֮ϣϸСݻӡ档
ͷһ֪СְԼһЦץֻҪܵĳ
ĵڵݣʹ˻˻ɫѪҺϴϪˮ䲻ܵشǷӦٶȶӰ죬һץסӡ
˻˻˻췢һŭдʹ˻һ׶೤Ĳϣӣƺ뽫Ĳնϡ
ץų߲ӵһʹȫһǿɱȵٲʵСһ㡣
Ȼ˵ǿֲɱȴܹܵǽֵͻȻһɣ췢˻˻
ģڲɱ㡣ɱһٺһЦʱųץУΧЩͨ߶ٳȴĽΧסϷ˻˻ͺϽһ㡣
ųߵľٶһĨЦŲȥڲ֮ǰĳ߿ץŵȫ׷ÿ߹׷һǾĲݡ
ã취ǹٺһЦӰһͨһͷɱȥЩһץһŭӣ׷׷ȥ
һ㵽˲һͷ糱ˮĳ׷ͷƤһ顣
ȴû⣬һŤͷִʱѾΧͨɱˣֻмֻǡ
úʡͷԶЦĴ˹Ȼ鴫սа
Ȼǵǰ棬ƶѣ죬ôǱҪ֪Ȼɱ˲ٳߣɴʱҲ䣬лмо綾ܵõʱľΣֻ·һ
Сұܾʹ࣬ɣͷ֮ޡ˫ۣ
ҲҪ㣬ҪɱˣŮ¥ǧѹͷ֮ޡҲһԹŭ
ԣЦȻбŨصɱڴ˷ģҶһָͷƻӻҲնڽ¡
ǰΪһ¶үүûˣΪ֮ѾԼҵˡ
ۣ˭ֻҪвˣŹֻһ仰ʱУһˡ
֪ԼڻĶ֣û³çĳϡ
ƾ㣿Ŀ⾡ǳ
ĪΪеʵ˲𣬱үᣬʱһĨЦǺúƷһΪ׼ĴͰɡ
˵䣬콫ϵ˹ȥ漴ӰһԶɱȥ


069 һ
ЩһֱĳһӳҲˣ׷׽׷ȥһʱ֮䣬ۿҪȥˣٴαˮߺ
죬㲻ú
Сҳȥҡ

ߵĴŭɱȻԸҼˣҲȴųȥС
ܵϴʹ콫ӽ£ŷ֣Ѿ˺ü⣬Ѫ
Ͻóҩ˿ڴ£Ѿ߶ʴɲӵ·óһƿԭ׼ȵˮմϵ߶ϴȻʱЩ߶һҩЧЩ˺
Щϣȫеǻᴫһĸо
ЩӰһɺ֮ǰ֮ͨзɱȥ
ûܳԶһٻӰϲ˵֮ɫɺ
ôˣô߻ˣǲʲôΣˣһɺʵ
ûûСɺҡͷû°ɣ
û¡֪ɺڵԼһĪ˷ܡ
û¾ͺãû¾ͺáɺһ˵䣬ӣһһ£ʵأ
ȻɺеָЦսȺ
¶ĵЦݣɺ֪ǿ϶ˣȻЩˣЩ˱ϾϻƼңһ뵽׷ɱԼģɺбһŭ⣬ǵǵ㲻Ҳʧˡ
ô죿ɺǲڳЩǣƣ뿪
뿪ȷʵȻʵǿЩҲǵĶǷǳĿֲǾʤˣҲʧأʱ׷ǡ˵ţĬһ£Ҿɽͬһ㣬϶ʲô򲻻ô߾ۼôʵЩʡ
Щ߸ܹԸ˵ġɺͫ죬һգգ
ȻܣǲǴսôЦô˵ҲŶʮȫҵľӢսͬһ㣬ЩսʤǣҲøشۣʱȥӦÿԶԸ˰ɡ
ɺһ󣬵ͷǺðɡ
˵ʵڻʵɺﲢͬԸȫһǹ¶ʲôÿԼȥȡðƴϰߡ
ɺСʳʲôóʳڣǳţƼҵ̻ᣬðգһʲô£ʧɾͲֹϵϵƼҡ
һֱǽС΢³£Ҳʲô£Ϊȡ
ǻߴսȲùȥЦ߰ɣȿͨǲҲĳߡ
šɺͷһɵСϱ
ֻǳ˵⣬ͨȻҲܶ࣬ûгʲôΣգȻһ·ҲһЩޣֻһЩסĶޣǿֻֻļ
ͨǺֻ·
ȥɣûʲôˡʧҡҡͷɺߵͨĵһڣʱǽȥ֮ʱһʱ֮
˳һ£ȫʧҲ֪սΣԿ϶˾ȥ϶Ҳ˲ء
߰ɡɺЦڸȥսȻˡ
ɺһЦͨȥ
һ·֮ϣ˶ľѣĳʬ岼ͨһЩûĳ߻ͨţõɺȶ¡
ֵǣһ·Ȼûзߵʬ壬ֻһЩȱװɢڵء
һ˼ԭ򣬲ҵûڳǿֲľ綾֮£Щʬ嶼ʴͷʣˡ
Գ߼ǳԸ񣬾ʬûбʴ϶ҲǱǸˣǻٵй
ɡ쿴ɺֻСӰߣ̲סһЦ
Цɺֵۣص죬ǿɰģȴЦø
㲻Цɺͨ죬ֱţð죬Цͣ
˼ǰصʬ첻ɵø̾Щɶļްôܹ࣬ռٵڵ㹻һˡ
ҪռɣɺЦ
ˣǸʱ䣬һҡͷʵǿˣʲôûУĻںڵ
ֻҪʵ㹻ûʲôǵòġɺͬصͷ


070 ߻
ţͻȻ֮䣬ǰִһ˻˻Ӱһܣɺǰһ𣬶ɺСһ㣬ȥ
˵ţǰȥû߶ԶһȺߵӰǰȺߵȴǺֻܶ࣬ʮʵǿҲֻһĳ
ɣûʲôΣաɺһԼȺ֮гȥ
ɺ߹ʱÿȺ֮дɱЩߣ緢ģɺĿã
һʮ߱㾡ϣҲйб㱻һһնɱ
öҩ¡ߵɺǰһöҩݸ֮ǰõĵҩҩЧˣһöȫ㡣
ӹĵҩɺһЦ󷽣ƷҩĴҲȻ˵˾ˡ
ʲôҩҲõģҪȻͷˣѲɻΪ󣬾ͲãսԼЦֻɵӲŻɣүɲɵӡ
ԣɺ̲סЦĿǳ͡ҷԽദ;ԽԽɰˡ
ɰôüͷһ壬ǿСŮ˵ģҿˣôǿɰ
ɺٴαĻЦýվˡ
߰ɡɺЦû֦Ҳҡҡͷ治֪ʲôЦģ˵ĶǴʵŮ˰ĥ
˼ǰһ·ߵһ٣ʵҲֻһЩͨһֻʵĳʵȻסˣ׾ٵȫ
Сһ㣬ҸоһΣϢǿͻȻͣ£ɫصĶɺѵ
šɺͷսе
˼ǰ

һɾͻȻϮõɫһ䣬ãһȥ
䡭
һɾ޴ֱӵɳȥ
ٴԾ֮ʱ̲סһǰһнףȫƣˮͰ֣ͷϻһʹڰŵľ޴ߣɢǿϢԿȻһѾͻƵƷĳ߻ʡ
ףΪʲôἯôĳߣһôĳһȻల£ôһ߻ʣЩСޣĸ췴
ģߡɫҰףһסŴɺܣǳ߻ʸûз뿪˼Ӱ磬űϢͳ˹
áսһѽɺⶪԼӰһתǳ߻ȥ
һ
ãһݺݵڳ߻ʵϣֹ˳߻ʵĽڵأӴϻһۡ
˻
߻ʶ췢һŭ˻Ӱ磬ٴγȥ
ʱû·ֻûӽȴ߳嵽һ룬βް㣬ܹ˹ȥ
䡭
ܣ˸ţݺݵͨĶ֮ϣȫһʹ񱻳ɢ˼һ㣬ѪѹƲסһ
졣ɺڷӦų죬ȴŤͷߣʵĳ߻ʡ
߻ʣ
Ȼɺһ޴ĳߣ֪ʵԲףҲû뵽Ȼһ߻ʣҪֻ֪һļޣҲ弶ޣǶĴڡ
ڳ߻ʣǴ˵еĴڣ˵ĳַǳĿ̣ȵǳȻҪֱ죬ǧ֮һĻΪ߻ʣҲδػһ֡
ɺվס˫ɢϢĳ߻ʣһ飬һתӵĳ嶯
ǰ죬ȴôŲ
ߣͰﲻҡ֪ɺ룬ٴŭģҪҵ
ɺҲɵӣʵ߻ʾһĭֻ졣
Сģ㡣ɺ죬˫ۺصһҪһһֱȥֱΪֹ
ģһ
ͷɺһҧתɱȥΪ֪ܵԽ죬Խ뿪Ϳһ취ѳ߻ʡ
˻
ɺһ߻ʵһ˻һŤȥ
ڣóʡһһס߻ʵȥ·ٴ
Ȼ߻ʻû嵽ǰӰȻһͣ³һɢ֮¶īɫҺ
߻ʵĶҺɲͨɱȵģǱޣҺΪң֪㣬ȴ


071 ս߻
ơ
鼱֮£һĳӰΪһ磬ݺݵĺڶҺ֮ϣһĺƷֱӱɢ
ɫһףû뵽߻ʽ³ĶҺһ޵ҺƷҲҺһ£õٶһӱ࣬һ˿ᡣ
һҺ壬Ϸǿֲľ綾ŵζĿһܣѹһʯ
䡭
Һǽϣ죬һɢͬʱʯҲԿֲٶڻȥƬ̱γһӡ
˻
쵹һֽһ˿ֲľ綾ղŻϣǻʲôƧҲδ𵽶á
˻ۿԼĹգ߻бŨصһŭ˻ٴ˹
ɺѾȥɫһսע֮УõϢһӱޱȡ
챾үͺú֪ҵ
ֱһת׼߻ʣȭͷգŽ͵һʱΪһֻ߻ʼȥ
ͬʱ֮һתһΪһг߻
໡
һ֣һצճȭų߻ʱ
սҰ
Ӱȭ֮һŰ߻ڸܵǿֲϢ˫оȻһĨη壬Ѹźȥ
䡭
Ӱݺݵĺڳ߻ԭվ֮أʱһضɽҡʯм衣
һУȭٳ
졣
Ӱɳ˲䣬컯Ϊںһγһ߰׵߻ʡ
һȻ߻ʻ㣬ֻͨô󣬶컯ΪôӴҪȴɳԶеĵط䣬¶ɺѪ⡣
ֱʱͻȻ֣߻ԭֲĽˣֻǸղűۼڵţû
ѹв˺ܶ࣬ԭ֮ǰѾˡͷϲӦ֮ǰԸµġ
뵽Խ˷ܣǰͷ߻ֶԸǣټһп׶༪ˡ
˵ȫڳ߻ʵ£ʳж񶾵š
Ȼʱ߻ȴûиʱȥۿԼˣڶˣһΪۼ׸Ҳ׵ŭˡ
˻
߻ʶ췢һԹ˻һŤ˹֮ǰһų嵽һ룬ſ³һڶҺ
һҺ뵽ղŵĿֲһҪ㣬ɴʱһˡ
ͨ󣬿Ҳף߲ף컯ΪʵѾﵽףܸܡ
ۿǶҺѵǰһϣ롣
С鼱֮£һŭ𣬾ǶҺҪ֮ʱ֮һǶҺ
ײ߻ʵĶҺȻֲȴκβֺǶҺһ棬ˮֽһ㣬ڵأû·ֺ
ĳãһٴλصϡ
磬ģȻ޷ٱ壬ߵĶҺȴ԰㵲¡ԴдСŵ
áϲͷ۵ıǳ߻ʵĶҺһĶҺãôʵٽɡ
˻ԼĹٴգλǱһĪĽ⵲£߻ȫ֮ǣٴγ

߻ʷɵգһβȥԭҲһβԺȥ֪Զߣǲȵġ
ȴ̫һβûггβǳ鵽ұϣʯͷɡ
ġ
ۿ߻ʵβѳ鵽ǰڣ鼱֮£һȭȥ
䡭
ʱޱȵӴ󣬵Ҳɾ˳ףȫѪһ󷭹
߻ʵƲˣδվȣӰһٴγȥѪڶҧȥ
ܲҧ˸ţҺСʱ׵֮ϣó߻ʲʹҧ壬Ǿ޴׵۶ҧơ
˻۵۵ֱõ˫һӱó죬һɱϢ
ȥ
һŭȣһȭų߻ʱ˹ȥɽƻĳ߻ȭͷҪ֮ʣͻȻɿڣȭͷһڶҺõæȭͷء


072 
ʱ߻ٴһβ˹ȥһֵ˸ţӴɳȥݺݵұ֮ϡ
߻Ȼ֣ȥһڶҺСʱ֣Һ£漴߻ֳ첻עһҧ塣
һʱ֮䣬Ϊ߻֮ͨŤһõͨһضɽҡ
Һó߻ʵĹȽϵһ̱ǶҺ֮⣬ҲҺСİ𲻵κεá
ҧס죬СҲἰʱ׵סҧĵط޷Һմϣ֮һƵֶҲΪߵ̫С컯Ϊ̫󣬸޷ʩչ
һ߻ʧȥ߹֮󣬱ϻʵʧ߳ɣҲֻβͳ졣
ɼˣʵ֮ǰĲȻǱÿһΣ߻ʶҧס壬֪޷ɶ˺߻Ҳô
ΪֻҪһҧס죬ͺʩչİȭ߻Խβĳ졣
컯ΪΪαͨԱ֮ƻ֮ܡ
ƵÿҪѪǳ߻ҧһδβ޳ҲõѪڣȫҪѿһܡ
ɵȭȥʱ߻ʶǰһ֮󼪣Ȼעҧסط򣬳߻˱ӵоŭޱȣСҲŭޱȣǸû˿İ취
̫ͨС̫󣬶ǳԳ߻ʵʵڳ߻ϻС
Ȼңˣˡ˫ȭգ˫гһɷϢɱɱɱһҪɱһҪɱ
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ѹһǳڵ֮еȻһҲɢһ֮ͬĿֲѹ߽һ𣬾һ㣬֮б
磬߻ҧ壬һøβ壬ʱͺû˸оһ㣬ֻﲻϵţÿһǶһĨѪȻʱ˲ᡣ
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߻ʿоǿ־壬Ҫ볼ʱһɴŨɱĿϣõи壬ֽӡ
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߻ʴĿж˼ıõ˿ĵǿѹеĿ־壬תӶȥ
ܡһŭ𣬳磬һץס߻ʵβͣʹұײȥ
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߻ĻᶼûУ㱻еұײʮ£ײȫͷɢ˼ܡ
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Ȼû֣ͣȭͷֶ˺ȭȻұˤĳ߻ʣһͳĳߣˤüΪһࡣ
ų߻ʵͻȻٶƬ֮󣬳߻л䣬ţźһ죬ǻΪӴҲĵڵϣǿֲϢȻʧҲһУ»ΪΣȴһı۵ڵϣ²֪
Ҳ֪˶ãͻȻеһˮεϣһ˫͵ۿ
һ˫ͨ죬ˮ޵滨ס
ôˣʲôˣôˣһ㶣ɺʵ
ɺͻȻðһ漴Ǿϲӵؿ조ˣˣ
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ôأüͷһ壬ռ֮еСʵС֪ղŷʲôô˭ɱ˳߻ʣ
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ңôܣôɱ˳߻ʣԲţԼʵԼȫ߶飬ʵֻܴﵽֶξҲǿһս߻ȴʣֻһʣҲǼΪµĴڡ
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Ұˤģ쿴һԱߵĳ߻ʬ壬ȫһԼεı
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Ƭ֮һŸӵСĺɫӱ˳ǳ߻ʵڵһ޵ڵֵƣ첢ûκε˷ܣֻǽڵý֮С
߻ȻƷޣֻƷеͼΪ綾ޱȣڵΪıԴ䶾ȶҺһСľҲöڵҲǳޣֵȻҲͲߡ
һһżСԲٴγУͨ徧ӨȴɢŴɫĹâһ㣬ȴо̺ſֲ
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磬ˮ飬Ȼˮ飬ղǳ߻ʻѹҸоû뵽Ȼˮ顣С˷ܵ״ε
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࣬ˮҲã洢Ǹܵģǻûа취
ޣҪܶ࣬ǶΪˮޣֻҪ̽ӣ޼ٳɳкܴʱǽȼǳ߻ܹ֮ΪޣӦźܴĹϵ
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͸ңɺĿɿڴؿ죬ˮǷǳģʤûһţ׸壬ٿԵõһӾľλԺҲû˸Ҵҵ⡣
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־ҿϵˡɺص˵ͷĻǺ޳ɵģҡβֺãֻ֮ΪߣԶмЩ
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Ƭ֮Цſɺ߰ɣǰ治֪жԶܾú滹ж⿿һˮǲЩ߳Ϊ
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Ҫ֪½ϣǰĹԣǷֱǽľˮ⻹Щϡԣס硢⡢ȵȡ
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˼ǰǰһһȻγɵĿʯ֮УһȥһȺ߱㽫Ǹס
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ûȥһ󵶹⽣ӰɺҲһ·϶һսһ׸̲סս֮С
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죬㿴ǡɺͻȻָǰڵĿռеһ̹⡣
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˵̰ĵɺĻ֮ȴ˳˼֮Уһ˵ͷ˵òṵ̂ԣҲ˵ţ̾һṵ̂ԣҲ񡣡
κкõһ棬Ҳлһ棬ֻҪõһڻһ棬Ǻ£Ҫһ̰ԣΪĽЩΪеֶ̰֮ս⵽Ӧģв̫ƽϡЦŰɣλȥƻ͸õùˡ
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ͷ˵ɱ֮Уųһħһ蹷߶ɱ飬ɱԣǷ蹷ֻҪΪУὫնɱʶ֮ˣҲһӲĶ֣蹷˾ҧӦþɣ


077 ս蹷
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˵ţԱߵɺЦȻýС㽻ңҾɱŴãһҾɱǴ󹦣㵱ų
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ѳ嵽ԵĻŷ蹷̲סһŭҪ֪֮ǰѾЩֶȫ˷蹷ɷ蹷ûȫţ֪УȥʽǲܿƵģʥҲܣôܻת顣
ҲΪ蹷ĹԵ濴ת䣬ʱô𾪣ô޴š
ݡĽãԻ֮һݺݵڷĲӣѾ콻Σ֪ű׻塣
ԭһӦԷ蹷ûע⵽дϲȴǽãҪ첱ʱȴȻһתһǽã˹ȥ
䡭ãһɢֻʣһͬʱĮҲ˹ҿܡ
ڶԻصӰѳڻǰһȥ
áʧɫû뵽ʵһô࣬ٶҲô죬鼱֮£һӣֵȥ


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ԲҪңҲӵɺһǸؿ졣
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һУȻ֮ǰѾϵĽӴһӴ壬ֱֻۣɺɬѣ¹ײصͷΪҿ
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ʲôɺһ߹㷢ĿתĶԼЦѵһ·Ͳϵˣ
֮ǰһֱȴûע⵽ԭ㴩װһζϸһѹӡЦ
˼һˣɺĿһɣŭؿ죬Ӿŭĸϻһ㡣
ûǸ˼ҡͷ漴СֹŮ˹ġ
˵񣿡δ£ɺһŭ𣬾һͷŭĸʨӣצ˹
ҵ谡ĸϻˣһȾܣƬ˱ʧԶֻһЦ
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ʹҪϢҪ쿾⣬ûϴ裬ȫҪˮ


079 
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һ˵нٶȾͿѣһ߰ʮʱŲʮ
λʤ۹ʤ۶Ĵ֮һ⣬Ĵ֮һƼҲڴˣʹô˳ǼΪķ
ʱƸһԺУһλĸߴüĿ罣ȫᣬϸȥ沿ȻɺżƵɫؿŹһӲǱƼҵĶҲɺĶƻ
ܵƻϢϾѹһɽɫף亹ֱðһ仰˵
ð죬ƻһͣΪʲôôʵҲɺǣ
ضүѾл·϶֣ССӸûг֡صǲûлȥң
ұɵƻؿŵȫһ£ųȥˣûзǵټ
⡭˼£Ӽٵתɺпȥĵط˰죬û뵽ֻò²СߺڽɭΧתһȦǵĲòֲܷǡ
ΪʲôڽɭΧǾͷֲˣƻ
ضүڽɭΧ̫㣬˼٣ͨȥˣǸûߡȫ亹ʪ͸ʱѾ뵽ɺ˺ܾܿߵһ·ˣ˻ʱڡ
ôƼÿǶߣѵһɭֵΧסôһȺĵͼްˣֻҪȥȫʦʲôƻһЦصٸһλᣬʲô취֮ڶøҵɺ䡣
⣬ȥЩӶΪЧٲо͸ȥӶᷢɱֹҲУЩҽɣ
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죬ûз֣ԱǰˣеɺͻȻ˵
ϾҪǣȻͶˡǺһЦ⡣
ĶӶʵɺͻȻվס졣
ڽɭôֵͼϮ˵飬ЩͼҲӶһ֮ӶٴЦ
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ˣ͸㿪ЦһЦʵע⵽ˣ⼸һֱûҵǣʼǴӺڽɭΧﲼߡ
˵ţٺһЦֻڴӣһʱҲδϵó
ʱɺͷѾ½ڼټϴ·Ҳ֪ɺôŪ£ǰԭʵɽҲƽ˲٣ϸΪһӡ
ΪʲôͲҸأɺٴʵ
Ҳпܣģָȥô
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֮һСǰ˳ǽڽɭ֣ʤ۹ȽƫԶ֮أΪڽɭо޴ܳˣʹúܶƽ񶼲ҾסǲڵĸǶҪСһЩ
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СϽȥţǸϡ
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080 ƻ
ǹ㣬Ҫװһ£ǲӦɺ췭һɰĴۡ
һȺСආѣһǡ˵ţŵĹЦһ
Цڶƻصһ׳˶󺺱һȺӶŰǰ棬ЦλСүô
˭Цʵɺû˵ֻꡣ
ǻӶųΡЦг˹ƼѰСģǰȥ֪ͨƼˣС㲻ӶϢƬ̣ƼҺܿС㡣
֪֪ͨƼҵһλЦʵ˭µ
һĨңһ£ҵݵ£ûʸƼҵĴһλҲֻ֪ϢƼң֮ǰǵģԳƼҵһλִ£Ƽҵƣһʲôû˵
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Сӣ˵󻰣㲻һССʿѣֵóһܽնɱһλƫݣĿվЦ
˵һۣЦһһȺСආȻɱ죿˵ţŤͷɺһʱЦЦ
ԣɺҲһĨЦͫиǳ˳
ĴЦٿɺǳЦݣɫѿиǳ
ȻҾͳȫ㡣һָɱݺصֵǸϣ֪ôС֪ǵ
ɱ
Ӷһŭ𣬻к
ƾǡһЦһתһУǰһӳĽãõĳɫ䣬ӽ뽣ãӴ㻯ΪƬƬƬ
ãǰֻһ죬б㱩ŵĿ⣬漴һĲҽУһĻʮˡ
һӳ첻ٹܳΣֻӳãʱʮӶһ뵹Ľ¡
һʱ֮䰧Ұҽ죬ŵԶһЩ·˶ӴܣڽʣµһЩӶڴƬ֮һħһ㣬һֵתӡ
߰ɡɺЦЦЩߵӶûȤ׷
ɺ˵ͷһ𣬲ЩѪԶȥһϵеɱڵɺҲ֮ǰôСǰ˼ʮˣҲûһ㺦¡
׻˵澳ŻгɳҲ˵ɺŵȥ֮һúܶ˳Ծ
ߺ󲻾ãɢǿϢ߱Զһصʬ壬üѡ


081 
׷Ϊ׵һȣʧķȥ
ԭǴߣź鷳ڵǳʵıֻķ
ϧɺȴԸĻ˵Щ˶ǱϾƼҵʵҲƼʵʧ
ȻɺܲΪȻջЭˣӦɺƫƧСܹƼ֮ˡ
Ϊ뵽ɺֻʵ˱ؽһչ˲ɺɺԷץסǽǳ鷳
ɺΣգŴӦ
˾ܿȺһЩƫƧСҲûˣɺҲˣٶȿ˺ܶ࣬һеĳ̶൱ԭ졣
Ƽҡ
ƻǰһٵĸᣬֵȥأ
ضү֮ǰЩӶѾҵСټʵܣûܽ£ǵ˸ϵʱѲڡԴĵţȫ΢΢ز
ƻ·ǺҪʧأͱɱˣڻܻţʵǽҡ
ô˵ЩӶˣƻЦʵ
ܡ͵һڵءү𷣡

£ֻƻһ֣һսݺݵĻ֮ϡ
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лүҰعڵϿͷ
ûƻô㣬ܹҪسǣʮʯȥң֣˵ɺã֪ô
ԣɫһ䣬үɫС㡭Ļû˵꣬ƻĿ䵽ϣһٲҶ໰Ͻǡ
ʧڷУƻɫˮгɱ⡰һȺҪʧ㣬ʧ̫ȷһƱˡ
˵ţƻɫȻҵĴ磬ǺƣȻ͵͵Ѱɲ飬ȴһ㶼֪ʧ֮أӣСҲӦаɣҵҪ֣ǱŮζ
ֻҪûںϣȻ־ƽϱȲǸС֣СȴһֱûвĹ־ƽȴڼ֮һֻҪһֶΣӶգҿ㻹Ҷ
⣬ɺ˾İڵǰ޵ĳ죬Ǹߴʮ׵ĳǽҲ̲סһ𾪡
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ʤ۶Ĵ֮һעʤѪһ۹ƣｫһߡɺЦƼסڴˣʮ˵Ŭų˽
ȻĴ֮һϲϵġЦҡͷ
ʵҲɺͻȻЦ֪Ҳǽŵǵģʱֻ֣ǺˣҾƼҼأλǳᣬʮ
ԲһܹóģƼҵûŪҵĳѪ̹ȼƼҶߣЩ棬ԿҾһ㡣
ϣɺ˼ؿ죬ͺҪϿʲô
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˵ţһλ˫ۻǣƣһľ˹Ҳ֪ǲ۾ãվȻײ˹
ֻһͨˣо˿ʵܸǴΣգҲûע⣬˸ײ˸š
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찵вãϽסΪʱʱû˯һ㣬֫ԴƤڵսҲȫھ֮Уδ߶ûһá


082 Ʒɽ
ͷ׸ʲôǶҩҲûôɡ־ŭò׿־ǰӰѱһƬģ
֮УͻȻԵɺһͷĻУͷ¶һаЦݣЦ˵ƼСɫ˫ͨ죬ϷʹߣȻ鴫Ϸ޸ǳ˵ţȻ־ɺزȥ
ŭ˫˲ͨ죬ĵþţһ㣬ͷȫɢųɱ⡣
ͷɺزֻδ㱻һɱɱ֣ȫһһҲȻͣ
Ťͷ죬ɢƼΪˣҪ˵ħһ㣬ȴڻεͺʱҪ¡
ϷһһΪʲô֣ԭСҵ嶾ɢȻܼôûҲеֻͣϧ㻹һ㡣ͷЦ鼫ţǳ˲м
ҪʬΡ˫ȭգͨ죬ǣ񱩵
ͬʱڵ֮Զתͺеͷ޾ķŭһ㣬֮еҲȻãһãһصܳ
ûͷη壬һ˷ܵضЦСӣǲǺܷŭɱңվأҶȲˣ
ͨ˫з֮ɫԽŨȭͷÿ죬岻ϵҡţߵķݣɾǵȥ
ͻȻ֮䣬˫ȫ֮ɫȡ֮ϱһɿֲѹ˫ֶͷץ˹ȥ
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á
δͷŪѹǴӺζץǰͷˣȴ
鼱֮£ͷһһͷıȡʮֶƶľ綾ȡΪ˲۸һҲõɥ
첻һʿڱҲҾ綾ֱ沿˽ȥ϶ϵ¡
ͷеֵǣûе£֮ƣһץס֣ѡ
ȥɡŭ֮еһŭȣһʹͷ㱻ݺݵˤ档
䡭һͷڵһӡ˿̸оԼȫһ㣬ʹ̡
ͷһأ㽫ʹˤϣһ𣬵ٴζһӡ

ͷҲ̲סĲҽгҲѪȻ뷴ɢĿֲѹ֮£ȫսһ㣬ܶ÷ֺ
ŭ첢ûʹ˰ݣһνˤ棬£ͷѱý٣࣬үҰɣԸΪţΪָҾ
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083 
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ٴζһӡҲûƷɽҲû췢ʲô£Ҫ֪ղ컹ħתһչû˹ô͵أ
Ƭ֮Ʒ峤üͻȻ˵ղӦʹĳطǿʵһ˵ЩǿʵطвСĸá
д󰭰ɣƷɽʵ͸¶һɹġ
ҾͲ֪ˣһжÿ֮󡣡峤ҡҡͷ
˵ͷƷɽһɺǰɺһɫȻࡰȻǷ嶾ɢ
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ֻǷҵķȴЩöԸһöַû˷ʤҲԵֵ߳Щġ
߳£峤ϱһЦָԱߵѵûп˭ô
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챾ʵֻ˵ʤڳǣҲ㲻ʲôȴ쳹ʤһ֣ʸҲĵ׷һȫΪְҵ
½ְҵ٣صҩʦʦΪƳƷֱӾͿߵʵ
ҩʦһ֧һֿ־ְҵʦҩʦһʦҲҩΪֻƶҩ
ʤΪʦַǳĸ߳ʤ˳ΪĴ£һֻҪǸ츳ȫʦ
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һλ˫ۻǣƣ߷ƵߴãһűЦʲôȻƶүˣҷ԰
Ȼͷ˵úܺȴûһ㹧˵˴ݵƻϷƻǵľٶҲû˿顣
īʦ˵ˣڵ۹һ㶼ƼͬһǣƼҵҲǡƻǳĿݣȻվһ
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нҲǹûġ
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ү֮°ɣīŵЦľǣԳ֣˵СëʸҲӲ
ҾͷˡƻǺһЦͺĺܷһ㣬ɽȻһһܵīǰһȭȥ
áīһҪŶƻĳʵ̫죬ĶûųƻȭͷѺݺݵĺԴ֮ϡ
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һѪ⡢Ĵ
̫죬īһĺһֱīȥûӦǷӦʱƻѵǰһסһ˵Ĳӣֻһ˵Ĳӱ㱻šϡ


084 Ĳпᣨһ
ǰʬ壬ƻһĨϵһ˫ɫ¶ڵϣЦһȺԴĻ쵰Ҫ𼸼ҶЩƣҵĵ꣬ΪԼ˲û˸Ҷǳ֡
ת߳ţķ˻֪淢飬һƻ񣬶ƻҲһ΢ǵ˵ͷһ̣Щ˱ȫƻ˵
ɱ
һɱ⴫Ƭ̣һȺŴѪ˽Ϊ׵ı֮ǰ
ôˣƻĮʵ
ضүʮȫûһڡĻش
ǾͺáƻصͷɫͻȻһȥˡ
кһݺݵĴ̽Ŀڣû뵽ƻ˶ĿɿڴؿŶԷð죬ſѪѵصΪΪʲô
Ϊܣȴ֪̫ࡣƻһЦŤͷԱЩһ־ɭŴʧܣõòȥˣֻøΪܶȥ˵ţƻȻءסﲻ
ȫȴ˿Ĳһ̾͸ǵͷˡ
һ۵ͷˣƻһĨЦͽǣӦûɣ
û⡣Ӧ
šƻصͷתȥ
Ʒɽɺ˻صƸ˰ٺãλһ𱨸֮¡
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Ҫ֪ǵõϢɺڳⱻϮ֮ʱƻڼŶһʱ䣬̫ʵˡ
ƽʱҶ֪ǵ̫࣬С˭ǼУǶϼӷһ˷ɢֻҪһвԾĵطߣǼƼ̽鵽ص˵лв֪ġ
˷ҪȫǺ֮ѣһˣҲƼЩһֱҶǶֵԭ
ֻƷɽǲ֪ǣƻǱΪ꣬߼ĹϵǳĺãҲΪʲôƻüʯ붯Գֵԭ
ΪƻͻȻңīûзΪǿѾƻһϵģƻܶ֡
ʱλΪֲĴڻƻ£ƻ˷ңҲ⵽ķ񱨸ʱƼҲݲƻ
ҿӵ֮ˡĳɫصʵ
ĳϣûһӵһֻһûŹĻش
áĳһԱߵƷɽȴһֱüͷ壬һŭվ˵һ仰
ֱϢȥƷɽŶżλϳƻʱңٶ֮죬ҷҲڴʱϮɺδ̫ɺ˰ɣ
ȷʵЩɺϣұƼȴһ¡ЦԺǽƼҵ£ͬʱ˷󻼣ҲƼ
߳ҲЩ˲ټ壬ǼҵĲﶨ٣ЩҲױƼҵģ˵ʲô
żλϵĻƷɽɫһѵǵоֻЩɺֲЩ
ԣλϵЦȻĳϿƷɽǼϼһҲûûΣɺЩΪǶУ˵ֵ֮ЩϼһﲻУֻԽԽ㣬ƼһǳĲ
ѵھͶƼˣƷɽƻɱɺһ·Ϲ־˶ʮˣһôѵͲǶƼʵĴ
˵òһôȷʵƼҵʵһСʧ峤ɫصǽƻʱŶʵǶʵΪʲôʵⶼΪһ֮λƴķչ
Ȼĳ֮λչҲƼҵʵЩ꣬鶼ڴԭ빩óֵ󲿷Ҳʹ빩öʧ԰ĵķչͬʱҲɸõʵ
⣬ЩȻյûôƺҲģǶ֪һֱڰ֣ڵʵ֮ʱѾ˲ֹһһеĶΪʧȥ֮λ
˵ţһƷɽ¶һĨصЦݣȻƻ֪ʵȴ֪ﻹʸ֡


085 Ĳпᣨ
ԣƷɽɫ䣬û˵ּڵ㲻⣬ǲ飬ʸֻ֣Ҫ㲻Ը빩ãǶܣƼҵĹء
˵ţһתȻǲò֮໥ҲƼҵĹأΪֻŻнƻ˱֤ȻǰǲöҡƼҵĸ˭ҪΥ涨ǵһͲӦ
ʲôжҡƼҵĸƷɽʵһȥʮл⻹
˵Ҳ㶯ҡ˸ϾЩ˶ƻԼģûжԭǽ߳ҲϮɺȫˣƻҲ˵֪£Ϊλָɱڸû֤֤ЩָʹģҲܶô
ߡƷɽһ˳߻ʾ綾Ѿ˵㲻ɱҲǷһʲô
ô˵Ͼһ̬ȣ̬ȣҲ޻˵Ц
ǵ˼֮бһУƷɽŭˣиǳɱ⡣
λ϶û˵ðΣ峤̾һþһһ˳׳ϾֵܣжһѪ
˼Ѿԣһñһȫôֻһȥ
ǹȻƼҵĺóϣȻֵУȻܺáƷɽŭЦƻȻЩΪ֮λݣϵȴǼãҪ֪ǿһͬ
ȴֲǡĳҡͷҲĻ֮Թƻɣ˭֪֮Ĳøǿһ棬Ը֮λҲǿԻġ
ǡƷɽŭҲòĳ˵öԣֻҪԸ֮λʵԳΪϣʱȻʲôȨҲûУϸ߸ϣƻҲôʱǾͻϾǿάǵȨ
Ȩⶫһˣ˭ԸϴҲǵĸûн֮λҲԲ˼ô꣬ǾԲܵģҲġ
Ȼô˵˽ɱˣҲ޻˵ɣƷɽŭˣҪ֪ƻɱŮٲʲôŮ
ֻҪµ֡峤ЦȻҪøɾһ㣬ǧõ֤ݣҲ˽ǣǳϻϾҪά˵İȫ
ǡƷɽŭȥ
ƷɽӰȫʧЦüͷһ壬˵ƻȷʵЩˣô˵ɺҲֶŮɺЩҲΪƼ޴ĹףʲôܣẮġ
⻰ǲ߳Ҳɫصĵ˵ͷҪȻ˰бֻҪס˺һвܣҲΥ֮ǰĳŵ
ô죬ӹĳϵͷͻȻһĨŨصɱ˵ҵҲû٣ɺҺɺû£ҷǽǼСȫˡ
ǳҪ㡣߳Ϻݺݵصͷ漴һĨǡѵƻ֮Ǿһ㶼ܣ¼Ƕŭһɳʸ֣ƻɾ׶༪ˣҪ֪Ͼյϣʣ˶Ѵﵽǣƻֵܹġ
ǰҲġɫصǰһֱãƻ̫ˣǼҲ̲סƻҲǳĳɫˣƼҵʧɾʹˡ
ûܡĳҡͷεصƻô֣Ҳ϶֧֣һǲ֣Щ϶ҲվʱƼҾˡ
ƻҰ̫ҰĴ󲢷ǻ£ΪһҰ̫󣬾Ի޴ѣĲʺϵִԲ˾˰ɡ
˾̲סһ̾ϢƻƷɽǶǳأֻһƷɽãƻҪҲûа취ҾƷɽλҲδؾĻͬ⡣
ϾƻԸ̫˽ΪԼõ֮λŮֶŮҪɱϼ֮λҲġ
һʱ֮Ĭˣÿ϶뱯ۣƻƷɽעֻһܹȥǱϾֵܣֵУֲ̣֣ܳϾƼҵĳϲǼ֧ͬƻģһǳ֣ЩҲҪ֡
ϻƼΪǿҲ֧ԲңһˣƼҲˣ⿿ЩǸסƼҵĵλֻЩʸֲ̡


086 Ƽ
֮峤ٴγǶСһôǵõϢɺܹ֮ȫһ·ϣϵɲ٣вһЩǵ
˵Сӣĸе𾪣Ǹ϶ȻϣҪ֪ʱӦòһн϶ɱģ϶ȫʱŶЩˣҲδܹӵõȴûж֮гɻ
϶ֻöĴʵǺǿɱȻ𾪣ҲشС֡߳Ҳһŵص𾪵СʹõطҪ֪ʵֻаʿȴԽطǿнʵЩɱĿֲ
Ҫطܹһֱôô࣬õ͵ʤ˭Ķ֡
ߣ̫ˣҿСӵط϶ʵǿ˵½ʱֹ˱̬طĳЦҡͷط϶ҪҪȻΪʲô֮⣬һ˻ᡣ
ҲôΪ峤ϵ˵ͷСʹõսҲ쳣Ŀֲ˵ʵҲ˹
˵峤϶ʱû˵ˣǽĿͶˣڸܵĿ֮ȫü˼
Ƭ֮ĳҡͷС̫أʵطʹõսδŵģҹ϶һλڽ̵λ˵ʵĴڡ
ƴɺʲô£ƼҵҲͻˣСһֱɺãƼҹϵǳԺɳƼҲż洦ûҪЩƻˡ
Ҳ˿峤ϵ˵ͷЦΪһϣ¶ӦΪ忼ǣСϱ٣Ҳʧְˡ
ࡣĴϹһЦλҲһˬʴЦ
֮УŵƤͻȻһ͵ŤͷĴһۣ֮гã
һʮƽķ䣬貢࣬Ƚϻǽ׵ǽϻһЩƷζװƷ
ʱůĴϣϸŵӻɢŵ㣬ڴǰԶϰһЩˮ
ӷǼ൫ֲʧƷζİӦһͷ
һ״ֲ޲ף֮ǰҲԴ֣һͷɺ˵ЩĻԼŭѣ㲻ǵˡ
뵽ɺ뵽֮ǰǿɶͷһţϽСʵСɺأû°ɣղŷʲôˣôʲôǵˣ
磬ˡСг˻ϲ̫ˣģɺСѾͷû£ǱƼ˸Ƹ
Сһ˵֪ʲô£漴־С˵ҽͷˤˣһôѪȵķôһ㶼ǵˣ
Ƽ˻ͻȻ֣첢֣ǿǳſڣƼҵĴӪȻʱǻƫƧ֮˿ǵġ
ڼſڣԼС㱻ϮƼҶ֪ĴĵλͶˡ
ôǵõģҲ֪֪ղ㱩ŭ֮ԼʧȥʶǿɶɢһصЩٶġСҲɻͬʱֺ
ӵһηΣ֮ʱᱩ챩ߣС͸оһ㣬˵һһԼ飬ǲܲΣյģԺ뷨鹵ͨ鲻ǲ׼
飿һõı쳣ĺ棬Ȼɢʵʱǣ֮Ҳһ㲻һֱֹá
ЩʱҲûо飬ɶ޷̽͸ԼΣ֮ʱԼߣʵǣ֪Լǰ뷨ûġ
ûгɣʶ̽Ե鹵ͨһӹȥûһ㷴Ӧ
磬ͱˣҪǻ㣬ͳɹˡСֻЦԭΪ鲻ԼڿҲӣеĲһɨա
ͲɣֻҪʶ֮ҾͲһֱҡҲɥһЦ漴ֶ֮ԼߵС˵ʲôܹұߣʵôֲ


087 ԭίһ
ô֪Сֱֻ֪ۡҪΣգַŭ֮ʱǹ֡
˵ţСͻȻһЦ磬Ҫڱŭһԣ᲻֣
ŭ˵ģֲ˵췭˷ۣҲСҪԴȥ
һţһŨĻ㴫õ쾫һ񣬶ȥһСԺŲĻݣٻţ໥ʶޡ
үˣһöŤͷȥһ£ʮ߰꣬쵰㣬ѩŮҽ̶ٻ԰Ůүʲô¾ܷԸҡ
ԭ̶òԵص˵ͷ֪ɺСôˣ
СѾֻ´үϢԲû̶Ļشھȥ֪ͨС㣬֪ү϶˵꣬Ҳ˵̶һ磬ܳԺš
£ȻĴ֮һƸǼ棬ûгȥϹ䣬ÿһ嶼ԼĹأǴˣһСķǵļɻǳ鷳
ɺܿ
Ͱһӣڻ̳ԣʢʻ
һһٻӰ죬Ǿµ϶ʱ¶ʻõЦݣ죬ˣû°ɣ
Ѿûˣأվĵؿɺʱɺɫ͸죬һ׵ȹ£Եüˬֲʧҹķ緶
׸ҷ½ҩѾûˡɺ΢΢һЦɫʵѾڵ״ֻ̬ȻЩģ˳
˾ͺáͷһ£ʵ֪ڳϮǵ˭𣿡
֪ɺͷЦǱǺųʤķ졣
죿üͷһ壬˼йطϣ˲ɫһڵķҺǣȻҶ֣ѵͲƼұ
ʵǿ󣬵һҶǶʦʤһĴڣƽʱǷͻΪʹõĶֲ̫Ҳʹ÷Խ޼ɵڳڣƼҲѹƲסɺ˵ţ̾һθţ˳õ޼ɵ֮⣬϶Ҷйء
ƻƼڲ֮£첻˵һβڷϣҼˣһ죬һὫε
ɲԸˡɺ¶Цڷ֮ƻ͵˷ңҳ׵ˣһû¡
ԣһ㶣Цû뵽ƻȻôݣ֣ѵͲ©ʱҪ⵽ƼҲҪѡ
֮ҵҲ˵ģʱ뿪֮ǰʹɣʤЩҪرע⡣
ɵһ˵ıǻ˾ңڶԭΪ˵Ĵ壬ȴû뵽˵ǶңҲˣ鿴ҵϡ
£ֵһҲû֪Ϯһ¡
ɲɵȻʤ޼ɵǱϾڳǣţҲϮƼңϾƼҵʵǷϲϵģ޷ǾǶҪƼǻˣҾԲʲô̫֮¡
֮ǰôãҲûϮƼҵĵϵԱõ֤ȴ⣬һƻϮɱɺʧ֮˵ûйϵɵҲš
ȷʵˡɺͷֻһСݵԭ򣬸Ӧƻ˷ҵĲƲ
ɺһ˵ףԭƻ֮ԭأҪ߳ɲｻƼҵģȻƻҲƼңõһ㣬ҵʮ֮һ
ΪƼҵĺܶ˶ŭѣƷɽͼλϴĳϻѾǰȥƻҪϾһҪҵŬƼִÿ֧Ǿ˵ģҪĺܶࡣ
жףĴڲףСʱ֮ʱ֧ǣǱǿ֮󣬱幱֮ʱ
һЩŵܴڵ񣬶ƻεѾԽ˵ĵߡ
˵Щˡɺҡҡͷ˫֮һĨʹһҸ㣬лһ·ҵչˡ
ҲݼһƼղŻûʱңǺһЦ
Ǿ߰ɡɺ˵űվȥ
ƻסԺӣƷɽ뼸λȥԭһЦɫȻɭȻȡЩϲľȻҪҽҵĲƲûЩƲεʧβ䡣


088 ԭί
뵽Ǿ޴ʧƻϵɱԽǿңǱɱõΧ¶ȶȻ½١
ǸСҪСôܹһ񡣡ƻɫһͷħҧгݵصСȻʧ֮ҲңǧУͷ֮ޡ
ԭƻļƻ֮УһɳƶλԼɺ߻ʵֵסһٱɺԼߵˡ
û뵽ɺϻɲõʧأƶӱըһɳȫ䡣
õϢüѪҪ֪λƶƷɽ̣ȴξȻһˡ
ŭ֮еٴɳƶԼʮǰȴɺѾӽڽɭ֣ڽɭ̫󣬹⿿ʮͲҵɺƻֻóþɱ֣ΪʱɺϮѾƷɽ֪ɳǰѰɺɳ̫ˡ
ɱ˽ɺɱĿĴﵽܽƷɽĳ⣬ݵõϢɺϻɲ飬ɱǰɲ飬һĺüƻ
ԭѾһʧɺˣû뵽ǣɺںڽɭ죬ʵȻʱ߶ȣõʧ֣ϲˡ
ƻѪǣ֮£ƶ˱߻Ϯֻеƶ˳
ҵƶг߻֮ӻʱѶ裬ʵֻʣ취÷λæ޷
ؼ֮ʱƷɽִִϮΪҪץʱóƶӡƶԼһϮɺ֤ݡ
Ȼλͱֵ֮Ʒɽ֤ȷ䣬ǲܲʣҲ޷
ԣƷɽ֤֮£ִҲòƻϾƻƹܵʵ
ǿƵƷɽִϣƻȻһǿƣҲ֪ϻ᲻ԵģһϻᵹƷɽһ׵ʧܡ
ûа취ƻֻ˧Ʒɽִϵ棬һƽɱûףһֱĸƻһֽɱ
һƻȫƵﺣƶϣһ޶֤ȻƷɽǷŭҲûа취
ִϱͲκ͵֮У֪ƻɱڣҲֻ˵һ䡰Ժô嶯ˣǱϾƼҵˣ㷸ҲҪִִС
һλеˣƻʵ𣬵ɲôģ֮ǰλѾĵ󲿷ݵĲƲλҲ㡣
ܼʱʵƷɽ֮д·磬Щ֮ǰ£Ƽ˺пܿβת֧ƷɽԲܴơ
ҲΪ˷ҵͷϣ̣Щ걻ŵЩĲƲȫ֣֮˵ҵĲƲƼҵɡ
ܵõʲƲôڶʱĸ֣˵һЩͻƵʶпܵġ
ϾĴ֮һƼң֪ж뼷
ԣǰȥֻɱɺܵʱɹ÷뿪֮ʽҳȷ֮ʱĹϵ䲻ɱ
һԵõҵвƲֿΪɺ𣬴Ӷü֮һЩ˵ӵ
֮⣬Ϊ̫Եֶ̫ɱ壬úܶ˶Ƕ֮ǣҳһ´õⲿĸмʱɳûǡ
һжļƻţΨһľǷҵĲƲֻһɸ壬üܲ
μƻ֮УƲ֮أٽȥһ޶ȡ
˵ʲôƻȻ˵ûҵҵĲƲƷɽƻӵЦҶڵߣȻûҵҲƲֻǵСˣ
еȣƼִ·ƻĻֻǵͷվûж˵һ䣬Ƕ֪ƻƷɽļ֮λ˶ƼҸ߲㣬Щ¸û۵ʸ
ĬһƷɽͻȻӣʵλϵô˵
ǲû˵ʲôֻ˵ȥϣһɳϾϡӳ˵˵䣬üͷһ¡
ƷɽĸûΪѳʮ꣬໥֮䶼ǳ˽⣬һӱı仯Ʒɽ֪лδ˵ʵʲôֱ˵֮䲻ؼƽ̫ࡣ
˼һ£ӿڵ켸λɳ֮˼ƻ֮Եò߹һ㣬ҵǲǼλ²£


089 Ʒɽĸл
ԣƷɽɫһ䣬˼һһؿʵȷֻ߹
ӳ£ͷǵľٶȷʵˡ
һȺϺꡣƷɽɫˮ̲סǰɫһ䣬ÿϵȨƷɽǼǰҲмΣû뵽Ȼ
ճڣƷɽеףӵȥɣûˡ
ǡһ˳ţŸϡ
ŷŹϣƷɽɫøΪ˫֮иŭܣ˫ȭաһȺϻ쵰û뵽ǾȻ
ƷɽܵϼȻɵӸղŵµĻУѾ֪λϵ˼Ƕǿƻʧ̫أ֮ƻ·磬ŷҵĲƲʵ
뷨ܻƣϾЩ϶Ǽ֮е¸֮϶һΪ룬˽ƻʵ֮ʣѹȥԺƼҲͲΪڶʧʵ
ƻ˷ҵĲƲò˶ãʵᱩǣʱ֮ǿʧҲƼҵʵԲЩһΪĳԸ⿴ġ
ЩֻǱ⣬ҲˣҲȨʷϣϣ֮²
ǼλƷɽʧȥƻ֣ȻìͷָǣԸ÷ҵĲƲƻУָƻʵƷɽ
һ֮Ʒɽƻ˫ҵǡ
ƷɽЩ귢飬ƻԭһƻ֮нôǿȫǳϻǿġ
꣬ƻϣǸףҲϴƼҼнӹ֮λƻϸûʲôʵȫûʸ
ʱϻ齫ƻȥƹƼҵļɽԵʱǵ˼ƻΪ֮λѾ³Թڼ֮дȥ棬ֻóޱø󣬲뿪壬ڿɽȥס꣬ʱ嵭֮ĶԹ
ʱƷɽҲⲻϾһͬҪݣ²Ǹ֡
û뵽ǣƻһȥ꣬У֮ҲδϵԭƷɽΪƻʱĹȥ֮ĶԹ
ǵܿɽ̫࣬Ʒɽ㽫ƻƼңʱƻȻ䣬Ҳûбֳ̫ĵ⡣
־ʱ䣬Ʒɽƻڸ涼ǰ˺ܶ࣬ʵҲ٣ʱϻٴ齫ƻ
ʱƷɽûͬ⣬ΪȷƻǲĽ֮ĶԹȫҵʱѾ鵽ƻ⼸һֱ£ЩûƷɽòСģһƻ֮λģ֮Ƽҽ֮С
ɵʱϻᲢûͬԭֻ뼸λ飬ȴƻ֪Ϊƻ
Ϊ˱ƻᣬҵʱ֮Ҳдԣ˵ѹԼֵܣѣƷɽֻôӦƻƹ
Ȼһ֣ƻ֮ǰһˣƷɽĵҲأƷɽ벻׵ǣƻЩʵչܿ죬һ˵ʵ
ʱһеɻ󶼽⿪ˣƻ֮Էչ˵Ѹ٣϶ųϻڱ֧
ϻ쵰һԭڱһ뵽ЩƽʱòȻĳϣΪǵĵλܵҡȻԼֵУֱֶ֮֮δš
һ죬ҪΪۡƷɽɫɢһɳĺ⡣
ףҴˡɺƷɽϵĺȻʧ¸ֳº͵Цݡɡ
űƿɺ˽
סһƷɽɺһ
СƼƷɽ˹֣д𾴣ϵıȴԵЩн
ض񡣡ƷɽһЦ֮ǰѾɺ˵ˣû㣬ʱͲˣ׵Ŀɵúúлл㡣
ƼС֮ǰҲҺܶ࣬ѣȻܲܡæش
ѹɺһ˵ĺûƷɽһЦı֣⡣
ԣŤͷԱߵɺȴɺһ죬Ʒɽصף˵ʲôء
ǺǡɺСŮĽ̬ƷɽȴǹһЦ˵Ķʵ
˵ţĿһתֿȻ㲻رȴܲ˵ɣҪʲôֻҪģһӦ


090 ƷɽĴ
лƼ⣬Сʲôȱûκγɵص
СӣҪֻһΣɾûˡƷɽһ΢Цؿҵİҵʵúܿ죬ѵһֱС֮У
ȻһֱڸСطǱƼԼʵ㹻СҲΪ˶ŬȻ֪Ƽ֧֣²ѣҲһֱ˵İǱԼǸʵУûǸʵԸһӴڸǡ
ĻƷɽ첻ѣû뵽ǰЩСӾȻ˵ôһ
ôܴ߳ǣ
ǸġᶨصοҲһˣиĸҵλϣԼˣһŬûʲôġ
û뵽˵ģȷʵѵáƷɽصͷһת֪ƻʧأ֮ǣѾɳüǰǣиһ֪׼εֵǡ
ԣɫȻ䣬еؿƷɽƼ˵Ŀģ
ԡƷɽ϶ĵ
ѣϻȥȸˡƷɽһ֣תҪȥ
죬𼱣ѾȥˡɺϽǰȰ˵ֽŭĵƷɽһۣŭǵģѷŵġ
ôֵܹң̫żˣһδ˵ءȥɽһ޹ؿɺ
ƼȥǣŤͷƷɽһء
ȻƷɽ˵ͷصƷɽ֪ͼǶģΪ˾ɺƻڹ˽Ҷƻ˺ֺ
лƼңСǷһ顣ᶨصֻҪԺСܹģƼֻԸСӾԲ˿Ƴ١
ãҪһ㡣ƷɽҲ飬Цڵʵﲻʲôæ
ֻҪ꣬ұаƼʵᶨʮĵ
ģȻҾĿԴƷɽһЦ
һ֪ԼڵĵλƷɽ̫Լһ棬ѾܲҲûٴţǻСԺ
ףôܴӦǷءɺһŭؿƷɽǲصƻȫΪңȥҲӦ
˵Ƿҵ飬ΪʲôҪƷɽɺЦοлҪɹֲҡ
ô̫ʧˡɺݺݵض˶ţ޺޵صƷɽ
ǺǡɺŭⲢûƷɽһˬʵĴЦֱɺĿⶼҪ߳Ц⣬ɫصСӺܲȷʵûпĳɾͱضС
ɺһ㶣û뵽Ʒɽôߵۣһʱ֮仹ûзӦƬ֮ɻʵȻˣǸӦùϵΪʲô㻹ô˵
һ㶼ܸ߰ղţҪл֪Ƽҵİҵʵǵúܿ죬ȴԲ֣֮ҪԼʵҲΪֳ徢ţֻҪ;⣬Щһ㶼ܴﵽܸߵĳ̶ȡƷɽ
һˣԸҪǵĸлǾ;ǿ󣬷ֻУȷʵ鷳ȻԺĳɾпܻܸߣϾδɳԼʵӦԲˡ
еĽǲԸ˵ͷЩȥҵģЩ޹أΪԼѾͷǵĴǳ֮Ӱ쵽Ժĳɳ
˵Ƿһ飬Դ˵ԼģͬʱҲӦ⵹иˣǣǻᱣѺõĹϵ˵ţƷɽ¶һĨƻЦݡҪ֪ſǣһɳҪǷ˵ǿɾǷǳѣʱ˵Ƿǵ飬ΪβӦأ
ҲʧʲôһԺΪ֣齫Ƽҵһ̡
ԣɺһû뵽ƷɽȻһŵƼҵʵʤʵΪǿĻҲøǼӣһ´ﵽʣҲûжӰ죬ǡ
뵽ɺɫһ䣬𾪵ףѵΪԺ󽫳ɳΪĸ֣


091 ɺǿ
ĸ֣ƷɽɺҡҡͷЦɺҪסʤֻ½һ۵ĶѣǿţëڵʵȻʤѾǿ½˵ȴ㲻ʲô
ѵ㸸׵˼ǣʵԺ󽫻ᳬڣɺʧ֮иǳš
ڻ˵Ʒɽµ⣬ʤһƬأ͹ܹ˲ʵطֻҪܳɳʣʤĶ֡
뵽ʹõطɺҲһƷɽĻҲٻɣҪ֪ڲʿʵƾطɱﵽʣ¾ҲĶ֡
뵽ɺͻȻ֣ԼȻƹ̻ô꣬չ黹̫ᣬ۽ԶûƷɽԶ
صСԺԭһ󣬿ȴһֱ޷УȻ֪ȻƷɽѾǰǣҾԲ£ȴȻܵġ
ƻȻ˶ԸҼˣһ죬һ֪ġ˫ȭգȫǣýɺһ
ôˣڵļôɺ죬οİɣҸһǰǣҾԲκ顣
лɺϿҵصһл֪ûɺƷɽԲôǿʵ
лҸʲô˵лӦҲŶԣҪû㣬ͱɱˡɺһۣ
ǺǡһЦ˭˵лˡ
áɺͷ߰ɣƸתתҲ뿴ƸʲôӰɣ
šͷɺһš
ԺסԺǿͷƼסڶԺͱԺ˶סںԺ
һţɺƼҵĲ֣ɺõЩƼ˶ԾСƽʱ˶ԴƷɽףɴ飬˿ó鲢ǴʱװģǷĵ顣
˲ı飬ɺԽӣ΢ݺͶĿԿĻǺɬֻǿװ򶨡
ǵĻ԰湲һٰʮ󻨲ݣǴﶬﶼʻʢСʱϲ
δ˵꣬һһŮڶʮĸߴŨüۣŮһ廨װǽ㣬촽С죬мģֻ۾С촽̫мֿ̱
һɺǿڷȵı飬ͬʱƬֱ̣˿ߵǰʱŷӦ
ӴȻɺãһɺȵˣΪҴ۽簡һЦؿɺ漴Ťͷ쳰Ц֪λֵôƺȻҡ
˵ţӾ´½㣬һû뵽λֵܾȻһʿ𾪡
ԱߵŮԣЦû֦Ҳ㶼ˤڵءǰɺö㲻мһˣԭΪۼߣǣһȻ˰û뵽õ۽֮ߣͶء
˵ţŮֿЦ
ǰˣǻеĳüͷ΢壬ԭҪڣ룬ûС
ɺƼҵĵλô˵֮ˣƼҵĸ߲֮ӣ˵ĳɺҲżƣܿƻĺ
ȻѾƻ˵ˣϾƼң˵ĶɺһˣûɲС
ʲôദǺθɣɺЦſˣܱЩ֪һȺѺ죬ƼҵźΪǿ
ɫһʱŭСˣ˵˭һֻ֪죿
˵˭˭ɺ꣬ǱĿһ㶢ϵ־ƽø˵ɾ㣬Ҳ
־ƽƻĶӣӵܣɺ˵ƽʱͺһȺƼҵɹƭҪƼʵǿͱЩܺ߸ˡ
ŮƻŮȽ츳ҲһȺӹһ
ɺĿһ־ƽȫһһĨη壬˵ɺ̻Ӷ꣬γһλߵϣЩܲˣ˵־ƽӵܡ
־ƽı飬ԱߵȽһһɸֵؿ־ƽŭ磬ʲôСȻһʵѵɱ㲻ɡ
δ˵꣬һžһȽϣõǰ׽ָӡ
ֻǾ棬´ٸҶ˵ɲĻСҽɺؿȽһĲơ


092 
ͻȻֳ˵ϣһʱ֮ȫסˣǰɺȻҲǿƣȴδ֡
ֻ־ƽǲ֪ǣαƻһ·׷ɱüζɺбŭƽǰһһСˣһŭĪ
žֻƬ̣Ƚ˱㷴Ӧ
СˣȻҴҡȽŭʨӣŤ˫۷죬ȫսһӿһƾɺ
ɺһЦֻһƾͶԺȥ
䡭
ԣȽɫһ䣬Ķˣһֱ˳ͣ£ɺȴվԭأͺʲô鶼ûзһ㡣
Ҫ֪ɺ񣬶ȽƽʱҲո̣ôɺĶ֡
һվȽĿٴοɺɺһȻıȴǶ޾ĳ
ͷԹڶֻȽ৵һ°γһѶ̽ɺ˹ȥСˣȥ
˭Ҳû뵽Ƚᶯһʱ֮䶼ľٶˣۿҪɺɺȴû˿õ˼
Ƚɺǰһֻ̣һ磬һѽȽץסá
ʿɶֹ
ĮؿȽȻܲƼڲȽʵ̫ݣȿˣڸǳѾĵߡ
ɲԸ⿴ɺԼǰһ˺
ͻȻץסȽһʱûӦ֮ǰ첻һʿûϣȴٶ֮졣
ӦȽŭӣһɶĵڶ𣬰սֱֻһͺȣǹսݺݵĺ֡
ֻаʿɰսĺ֮£ִӴҲͷˣһߣһֻ֣Ǿ͵ڶߵһ
ȽȻ˶񶾣зŭһǵս֮ʣֱֻ֮ҲȻðһսԳȥ
䡭һߵ
ȽһҽУж̽棬һӣ˶һƨ˵ϡ
ôˣԱߵ־ƽɫһ䣬һУڵϵȽƽ
ԭشģȴԼȻǱȽ춼ûعҪ֪һ񣬶ʿѣ֮Ĳʮǡ
ɴʱֳʵĻһʿӦеģʦҲܣϾһ
֪ԼĶ֣ȽԹؿһ죬ֽĿ⿴ɺһøһ㣬СˣȻԼˣ㲻úҶҪ棬ϴļˣǧУ塭
ԭ컹ûжȽϣɵԷҪ֮ʱɫһһŨصɱ֮ϱ
áܵϵıɱһ˽һµɺɫһ䣬ɻδѳ嵽Ƚǰһѽ䲱סõȽȻֹɫҲ򴭲ͨ졣
ҪҼô˫ۣ죬֮дһ㣬ȽȫëȻ
㡭ҪɡʲôȽͰ͵˵֮г˿־塣
ղŲ˵ҪȫôҾ֪׼ô𣿡һĨѪЦȽӵ΢΢һʱõȽ֮зһǺǵ˫淭ۣץס֣һʹࡣ
죬ſܲˡȽʹı飬ɺ󼱣ϽǰȰ˵ΪֻǿȽʵ˵ղŲ˵Ҫȫôʲô©һ԰ָ
СϽſá־ƽһͺ𣬿ȴûпۿȽҪܲˣ־ƽһͺȣˢһγ˹ȥ
Сȥ
ƾ㣿¶һĨмЦȽӵһӣȽһ㣬˳ȥ
ţ磬־ƽ̽˳ȥһ־ƽҪǰһ̣ȴͽֽץסõҲ̲ȥ
Ҳɱңǻȥʮɣƽ־¶һĨЦһһɾ˳ֱ־ƽ
־ƽֻһʹҲղס˶ǹɾ˳ƣһһ˵ϡ
ݡ
һǰһĽãŵ־ƽɫһף㾪ֵĴе
ʱ־ƽסԱߵȽɺ˵Ҳᵽɤۣһ֣Ҫ־ƽ


093 
䡭
־ƽǾֵĿһΪԼ֮ʣȴĲӴ̽˵档
Ȼһ˲䣬ڳ֮⣬˶亹͸·־ƽڸеȫһ֮ʣҲһʹ
һ£ϾȻմѪ־ƽ㱻ղҪǶԷӱ߿һ㣬ʱͲڲһ˺ۣСѱ
ʶĿֲԭŵ־ƽȽȫ죬ǿĿȴħһ㣬޾Ŀ־塣
Ҫ֪Ƹ˵ֻһСģʤΪǿĻҲﶯƼҺֱǲƵĺݽɫ
־ƽԼһŭ֮½Լնɱ
¶һĨмЦתŤͷɺЦЩˣټɣ
Ҳеˡɺ¶һĨ΢Ц־ƽôһ֣ҲȷʵûȤٹȥ
СԺɺ˵˼䣬ˣѵ־ƽˣɺ˵˽⣬ǿ϶ʹưڸݵģûȥһЩŲǡ
ƻסԺӣ־ƽȽĹƻǰͼӴ׵ĽôǣҪɱǵȸƻ˵һ顣
ĩˣ־ƽһŤĶƻףҪǱ𰡣С֪ĶӣȻҶҳ֣˾ǿ㰡ʹˣԺ˭㣿
ȽҲԹĽףСȻƼҳ֣ѾǿǣǿƼңһѵǽ׳ΪЦ
ƻû˵ôˣǿ־ƽϵ˿ڣҲԽиɭȻɱ⡣
ƻϵı仯־ƽ˶һۣж¶һĨ֮ɫֻҪƻŭˣͱɡ
Ҷǳ֣С͵ɡͬʱԹš
е뷨ŸһɭȻɱƻͻȻŭȡ˱ȵǾȻ˼״ѵûһ֮߳ģ
СһСԴѷСö࣬ǴСѪڼѪ֮ΪʺƼѪ̹ǴС󣬸ֵҩʯ㹩ӦھȻС򲻹
ǡ־ƽͻȻ죬Ļû˵㱻ƻĿ˻ȥ
֮õȴϧһֻ֪ȥڱ˴ˣȻ˼ܵ״ǲҪƻҪҹӽ𣬲ٳƸҴ˫ȡ
סɫ䣬һĲҰףôû뵽ᷢչ˳̶ȡ
ƻٴһȣŵȫһһɱȥ
ԶȥıӰƻбŭ⡰ĶҪϺȣ֮λλƷɽС
ȻжŮŭѣչԼŮһ뵽־ƽǵ˿ڣҪƫһ㣬͸Ѫܣʱ־ƽɡ
øСһûȥ㣬ȻˣȻƼҲֶԸ㣬ɲʾҾûа취˵ţƻ¶ɭȻɱ⡣
뿪ƻķ䣬ȽͻȻվס־ƽ磬ײǣǸô죿ܲǾô˰ɣǴӳ𣬿ɴûܹ
ˣ־ƽ¶ԹŤף־ƽôܾôСʬΣҾͲ־ƽ
صСԺûΪ־ƽĳͻģ͵ƻƻȥԸļˣͽɱҲںٵ
ȻƻֶԸңƷɽ϶ְң¶ܽϣڱ˵ϣұ׼һֲС
ţԻý֮óӶõƬ֮Ŀͣһ֮ϣȻ¶һĨЦ⡣
ռŲƣͳʯڵ֮ϿƣʹʱֱעսתƵǧ֮ڵκһֻҪû꣬һֱʹá
ŵ㣬򵥣Ĳ㣬תͣпת͵Σ֮أ⣬ռ󷨣ʧȥá
ռǺεȵĴڣʤûУһԲᡣüͷ΢΢һ壬;Щ鷳ˣҪǴ͵ڽɭֵѣǵصǾͲˡ
˼£ҡҡͷȻиõҸûǸʵҲֻʱʹŲˣҲûôù
⣬ó̵ʶ֮ڿ̵֮ϣ㿪ʼ


094 С
ֻ󷨵ڣҲ򵥵űѧȻһ·ϣѾ˺ü飬Ҳвٵ˽⣬ȴԶмѵöࡣ
ȣɣƼ򵥣ȴ־ϸڿƵĹУ½ֶһ£һ񣬱᳹ʧܡ
ΣʶڵʶѾﵽʣαҪϢһ
ʧˡ쿴ϵһʯϵķģɵҡͷЦղֻǳ£÷ûмʱߣ˽ʱ㳹׵ʧˡ
ģ󷨿ɲô׳ɹģҪȻ½ϵ󷨴ʦҲôϡ٣ʵѾܲˣȻѾʧΣѾܹһƳʮģռŲֻҪʮıɣò˶ñܳɹ
С۵İοɥһӱʶ׵ռγһӰһѽСڻУЦСԣÿθʲô£Сǵһο硣
ǵȻҿɡɰ˰ССһǰ۵ָżС°ͣŴ۾죬ģĿɰˡ
ɡɰ˰СһЦССһ
磬ɫǣȻС񡣡С죬С׹ĵطһѣ漴ŴĻֱ챣׵ľ룬ͣ£ؿ졣
СʱģУһɫǡ
СľٶֱõԭأղСǽǿСɰȫǴ˶С۰ûһǷ֮룬ȴСУȴɫǡ
Ӧ쿴СǾĿ⣬ЦôһСѾͷȻҲ֪ɫǣôˣһɫǣԺɲôˡ
˵ţС˹ȥ
ȴСһܹٴҪ֣ﲻݵص⿴˭֪أǰǸͷһ¸صүүɰȥ¥һΣǲ֪Ǹͷ̫̬ˣÿҪزþһƤƵģȻ󰡣ģŪЩŮĶвѣ治֪ʲô˼
С֮ȼϵӣΪԭ֮𣬸죬˵ýζͲĭɣԾǰķ¸˵
ֱӴסˣΪԾķԻⰮö𾪣ΪССòҲңаСɰɵôһСɰǰ˵лŮ֮£κεĲף˵´֮ʱǻһʲôΣ
ͣһͺȣСű죬գգǿɰĴ۾磬ôˣû˵ôҪ¸˵һɣͷ̫ˡ
Сֽζ˵ȫһ񺮣ٴοڵͣ£˵ˡ
ôˣСɻؿ죬ѵ첻ҵٸ˵ɣԺɲٷСˡ
һͷѵСţԺ˵Щˣ뽫ǴҲСƨɡ
޳ӴСȻҪҸ˵˼ƨɡСһӵؿ죬һ˫СסƨɣͺʱҪϮƵġ
㡭޵ݣ߷ѵС춼˵
ȻʱСٴο찧磬㲻ҪСԺСٷһҵı
СС˫оȻ˸žӨĹâͺǱһ㣬ͻȻһײǽĳ嶯еҲֱϳ壬޲ðѵĨ˲Լµ
ħȻһСħͺһתӣȴСĿЦ
ʶ˳ռ䣬ֻúһС̫а֮⣬컹뵽һΪµ顣
ԺԼİŮȣǲڸСѱݴϷôҪ֪ûС
뵽ԺСԼ棬˵ԼŮȵΣȫ嶼̲ס
磬ģԺҲˡСƺ֪һ㣬۵棬⻰ĶУͺ˵߲ٴһ԰
С֪ҪĸôͻȻСĵĶСʵȻ֪Сһ뵽Լʲô¶СУͻڡ


095 Ӳ
һĻС磬㲻Сˡء
СĵĿȻ֪СװģлһۣСģ˿νӰ룬˵ϵλĸҲδܱȵϡ
ʶٴν׵ռ䣬СһοֹΪЦ
һҹʱܿȥһҹǰʯ˿ռŲնȫʧˡ
ѾһƶʮŵģʮԶӦò˶ñܳɹǰŵļϵʯ첢ûоɥԵʮ㣬ǰֻǿⱾ飬ȴδ֣νһҹܿƶʮŵģǱһҲδܹġ
Թ緹촫׼ȥɺԼ˵ģƸߵſڣǽյԺűһ˴߿
С֣ҹһԹ־ƽȽ˴˽
һԺһ۱㿴죬־ƽɫһһ蹷㣬߱һȡɱ
ǣү˴Ӧһؿһۣսγһ㻤սȻ쿴ȥֻһʿҲû֮ġ
ͬʱ˫ȭգһȣ˹ȥСүҲ˺㡣
ƾǡһĨŨصɱ⣬һתʵ۷塣
ȥһͺȭͷգսһӱһȭ
սҰ
ȭӰһŷŭ֮ɢĿֲܣõɫ䡣
ԭ㣬ϧ˫ڶԳ֮У֮ľ뱾ͲԶûжܵʱ䡣
鼱֮£ֻþ߶ڵսһȫһ߽µս߶ȭͷ֮ϣϣ֮ܿӲһ
Ӱ˲伴
䡭
𣬴һǿ񱩵ΧĻݾݻ٣Ƥһ㡣
ֱӰһӣһƺߣ׷׵ɳȥֱԺǽײŵѪֹ˺һҲû
ȥһȣɱʢӰ磬һܵм䣬Ϻһ֡
ס֡
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ݡ
һӵԴ壬Ѫעû˿ĳɣһܵһǰǾֵĿ֮£ٴλ
ҽס֡߾ŭӣûһɿֲѹ籩һ㱬
߾ɫһ䣬Ͼѹһɽ˫һ䣬һڵϣɫҲһ˲òҰס
Ťͷһߣ˫۹ĵþͭ壬ͨϾǲʲȫڲǿֲѹ֮£Ȼе˫һֱǴ͵Ŀ֮£һվ
ֹң˫ۣĿɿڴߣ¶һĨЦƫԸ
˵䣬Ѷϵѹҡţǵǰȥ
áɫ䣬ҪֹĽȴ죬û嵽ǰѴȥ

һֵ﷢𣬱㱻̽ţӺһ㱻ӿѪס鴤˼£ûϢ
úݶСȻƼɱˣҽ첻˺㡣ͷ˫۳죬ȫ𣬶˹
ߵĽüͷ壬ɫأѾߴɢϢȻһʣʵԲԵֵġ
Ҳû˻Ϊ֪뱣㹻ǿƣһýԼʵȫóֻˣƼҶӣҶ߳Ƽҡ
鼱֮£ƴش߶Ѫе֮ǿѹ֮£߾ͺܵƽһ㣬ŭţһɿֲѹ屩
ѹݺݵĺһԴһܷ籩
á߸ܵҪܻѹһжˡ
࣡
һ죬ߵѹ
źߡ
һ죬ɫȻһ䣬ʶܵķɡ
ѹһᣬۿܵʶɣûдᣬȫսӿһȭ߱ȥ


096 ɴ
졣
һͳȻǰս֮£һ޴ϵͷ˲ǰγɣǿ֮£ҲɳȥΪһݣϵϣߡ
ľٶɢĿֲѹʵʵҲѹɫ䣬һԲ٣ƽʱ϶ܣȴô
Ϊһʸ֣ҪģǶԶԷĹٶܣҲͶˡ
ûа취ֻҧţ߶սȥ
䡭
羪ը죬ǿĳֱӽСԺԺǽ𵹣վԺſڵ־ƽȽҲֱӱɳȥվȾ³ѪɫһҲһƬҰס
ͬʱߵķݵɳȥһֱɳԺǽ֮⣬źȻء
ۡȫɢ˼һ㣬Ѫһӿһ̣³һѪɫҲɷס
Ҳǿĳ˳ɫһһףվ￴ŵϵ죬öûж
үүɱ쵰ɱֵܣһҪɱǡȽմӵһԹߺ
үүСȻƼɱƼ֮ˣ̫ƼҷУɱ´ȥƼұسЦԺǸ˾͸ƼҰ־ƽҲŤ˻ҪɱҪȫˡ
˵һ顣컺Ե˫ۣȫ죬ĿԾ֮дһ㣬һ˿ؿ־ƽŵ־ƽˡ
СȻƼҰ㲻áһͺȣҪٴ죬ڴʱһϵڰ֮дס֡
£Ӱֱԡ
죬û°ɣɺһؿ졣
û¡ҡҡͷĿȻ֮ǰֵͷ
һֿۣһ۵ϵʬԼ־ƽˣƷɽſ߳˳ϣ֪﷢ʲô£Ȼ˴󶯸ɸꣿ
Ʒɽһ񣬿죬ɭȻصҸղ·оǿҵսȴÿСҪɱֵܣҽס֣ȴȫȻҵǰɱˣҲ̫Ƽ˷С
үƷɽһŤͷޱؿ졣
ȻһЦû뵽ƼҾȻһ壬ô˵ƼҵĿˣȻ˴ҪҵҲǳѣѵҪϴɾӵɱ
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쵰ҪɱˣȻƼ˳ŭֶָڲ
߶ǺܿصģΪһʸ֣һ֣ǼΪɳ֮£˻ò꣬ȥҲͳ׵Ļˡ
ҪɱǣЦŰ˳ϳϼһɿˣʲôطҾסĿͷ֮ǰʶܵʲô
ѵǳüܵɣ˵ţŤͷ־ƽȽ˵ο˳ͻһʹɱɱڵǰɱңѲɻ̸ģ
ѪˡȽȫԭ鷳ģڲ鷳ûҵԼҲˡ
ҪǣƼҵĿˣһǾɺĶˣƼ˵жģղĽɱˣҲһ˰ˡ
˻ţȴ鷳ˣ´ƼҶ𱨣ȻҪɱȹɺ죬ƼҵҲͻˡ
Щģߵܶ˶ǳĿأߣܶ˾ͻῴòããԷй˼ɣͶҡ
ôԼȫƼˣһˣôþôðɡ˵꣬Ҳٶ˵ʲôһƨڵϣȻ
ľٶ˳ǾŭӣεݣȻһС޸ˡ
СȻϷ򣬿ҽ첻һ㡣˳һŭҪȥ
ƷɽӰһڰ˳ǰ˳ϣǾȹɺһƼͣʲô⣬˻ôƼң
С̫˳ŭɶܹ黹ûٳȥʲôҪòӡ


097 ƻ
»ǲ˵ɡƷɽؿһ־ƽˣֵǴģ鵽ô
־ƽɫһ䣬֧һû˵һ仰
ʱȽȴͻȻվؼ췢һЩ죬뵽ǱϾˣһǸȴһţǳ֣Һ·ֵ˼ʱͱɱˣֻϧǡ˵䣬ȽɫȻһıˡ
ԣƷɽüͷһ壬һԱߵ죬ȴû˿˼Ȼˡ
ף̶ɣѾͷľȻ֪Ҳǳ˫֮⣬Ψһûϵ֮ˣĻΪšɺͻȻ廰ദ֪첻ȡ֮ˡ
áƷɽͷҪ̶ʱƻͻȻؿһ־ƽˣˣȫС£ҷǡ
ס־ƽɫ䣬ȫŵؿƻôû뵽ԼĸײԼˡ
ɲŵĶǳԵͷǾͲ֪ߵغ񡣡ƻһҲǡ
ƷɽһֽۣĿת죬ϸһĨЦ⡰үȻֶΣˡ
ƶүСѣȻԼŮҲǺۣһЦ
Ȼ֪ƼҵĹػô־ƽˣ᲻ˣҪȻ־ƽ˵ɫôѿ
ƻҲһЦ˾ҪΪԼ֮³ܴۣȻҵŮҲ⣬ү˵ô
ȷʵ˶ҪΪԼۡЦ֪ƶүóа۵׼
֮£Ȼ׼˳ܴۡƻҲʾʵֻǲ֪үܷܵסۣ
ү˵ȻѾȻ˳ܴ۵׼Цүʲôֶֻʹǣһһ¡
˱áƻͷתȥҲûɫҰ׵־ƽһۡ
ߡƻһߣ˳Ҳһ࣬Եˣһߺȥ
־ƽÿǵĿɽȫˣҲ˲ע֮ĵˣȻǵľٶҲûֹֻʣɺƷɽˡ
죬ɫôѿϢҲȣǲˡɺ죬һʵżˣǷɺ컹һ˽ģǱƲѣ϶
ûδ˵۵һһѪһҲһƬơ
졭
ү
ı仯õɺƷɽ˴ʧɫϽǰס
лû󰭣Ϣͻû¡Ʒɽ¶һĨǿЦݡ
˵ôأû󰭣ɺƼҲһЩҩȥ˵ţɺҪȥȴ뱻һסãԼеҩ㲻ʲô
㡭ɺҪ֣ԱߵƷɽȴڵɺȻү˵ãҲǿүϵĵҩԱƼЩҩҪõö࣬ǻǽүȥúϢɡ
һ£ɺŵͷðɣ
˽ݣ뿪֮ʣ̧ͷԶһۣ¶һĨкЦݡ
ݣɺ˼䣬̶ԸһЩ飬úϢȥ
磬ղſˡһߣСµ㴫
ûʲôµģܵˡ΢΢һЦܵȡֵˡ
ô֪ˣҪǰɱôСĵصҪ֪ƸҪɱ㣬û˾ȵ㡣
ΪƸǲŲɱҡ͵ҿǾɺƼҵģƼ˵жǣȻΪɱԭҲžɺǾԲϡ
Ƽҳ£һǱƼ֮ɱһƼҾ֮ƼӰ̫ǾԲġ
⣬־ƽôˣȻҲƻ£ɱǣƻʵҲͻ֣ĽƷȻֵÿԣҲƻɱҵġ
ҲΪҲŸȫǰ˳ϷУҵƻΪ֪ôƼҵ˾Բ
һ£ǼϼһȫԱ߹۲ң˵Ǹ˳ϾǹŪ̽ҵģȻˣȻÿ
ԭСһ


098 
»ЩðգƼҲҪɱңƷɽҪңҲѻסϾɱǵ˼µǵ׼һֲС
ϣóһʯͿ̵ʼ̻ռŲ
Ƹһ֮УƼҵļλȫֵİ˳ڳ
ϰˣû°ɣĳͻȻ˳ʵ
û¡˳¶һĨЦû뵽öʣȻһʿˣ˵ȥƽԺҲûˡ
СӵսȷʵֲģʹõطҲǳĿֲʱǿǿӰʿһҪı̫壬Ҳ־ˡ峤Ҳһ𾪵ĵ
С˲ᣬûָˡϿ˵ҲʶСӵĿֲҲٻ֮ǰ鱨󣬴˵˵ڸôԴ
ƻļƻһʧأƻӣǲŹģƻѾȥ˸ǣƻ˵ĶԹԽԽʱƼҶҪϡ
ҵôȻСƻЩԹɺƷɽ˵ĹϵƷɽ֮ǰȥǰңҿСƻĶԹˣֻҪƷɽڣͲǨŭƼҡ˳ϳҾû˳ȻĺãսΣƼǲԿġ
˿Сĳ˼£ͷλڳ˼֮Ҳͷͬˡ
֮Уͷ󺹣ţ˫ضʯ֮ϣ̵裬ʯ֮һµķġ
Ƭֻ֮п̵һ٣ͻȻֶ̧ǿԭĳʯͻȻһҲܲһ˿ֻصķ֣Եޱȡ
ˡһ˷ܵؿЦ
ϲ磬˿ռŲԺҲ˭ˡС֮г˷֮ɫ
⵹ǡͷϾ֮ɫԺҴ򲻹ȫԿܡ
˵ţ˼£ҲõˣĸǻǲУҵٶ̼ͻȥ
Ϣһĵʶأܽһ飬㿪ʼٶȿ̻
תһȥڶһ磬ɺķţֱţҰ׵ѾָһЩѪɫϢҲȶ٣һ죬һǳǣҾȥߡ
ð쵱ӦҲ£˸⣬ҲɺƼʱ·СǣΪʱʱ䣬ҲֻǴҴҶûúù䣬ɺصţȻֵá
ʰһɺƸоһţкü޵Ϣš
ЩǸǵġɺƺ룬͵뿪Ƹƻǲ
ŶͷҲٶ˵ʲô
ΪʤĴ֮һĴ֮һƼ󣬲ǵΣƣ˺ܶ
С̷ֶǣֻ벻ģû򲻵ģ䷱̶ȣ֮ǰϲϵġ
߰ɣҴȥ̻ܻһεᡣһȦתɺͻȻЦǾۼ̻зֻռĺöͶ켶ƷƷҩ˵Ҫ
Ŷ˫һȻҪƼʶһ
ɺĴ£˴һֵһ߲ߣһˣ˰¥ǰ
¥룬̻ĸûƽ죬˸ҫ۹ãĴʾĵʵ
С㣬ү˸һţһӱ˹
׼İ׼ôɺ˵ͷʵ
׼ˡ깧Ļش͵Сˡ
ǰ䣬һ·Ͽ̻ĸˣһ𾪣ЩʵͶ񣬾кüˡ
ס
ͻȻ֮䣬쿴һϤӰ֮ǰ̻Ĺ塣
죬ôˣԱߵɺע⵽ɫı仯Ťͷһÿ壬Ц⼸ڸΪ̻²ٹͣѽܻᡣ
ŶͷҲû˵ǰ
˺ܿ䣬Ӱˮ͸֮󣬱Ȼȥֻʣɺˡ
ϾҪʼˡɺЦԽһо۵ףӰ棬ȴⱨۡ


099 г
šͷӴ¿ˣｻͷӶ۷׷ףȴûһú档
𾪵Ļʵ·ǧˣȻûһ˵ʵ־ռһС룬ǲһЩ߰ǵ֡
Ҫ֪Щʵ˶һͶԼİ䣬ģҪôһЩɢߣҪôһЩûаɶ֮ˡ
ǧʵȷʵ𺶵ġ
ƺ֪룬ɺ΢΢һЦ͵̻ʤ̻ᣬᣬÿζвٵĺöЩ˶ǴӸһЩߣʵҲûʲôþġ
Ĵ֮һС㣬۽ߡǺһЦʵ𾪲ѣɺУȴ㲻ʲô۽Ĳࡣ
ڷôɺͫ죬һŭ
ûǸ˼ЦҡҡͷֻǸоԼ۽绹̫Сˡ
ڸСطﱾûмûôţȻ̫˽顣ɺ͵ʵ˵֮и㲻ʲôֻʤ̫СֵشƫƧѾܹ֧һĸ֣½ҲһЩȵĶѡ
ɺĽͣ쵹Ҳе𾪣ߵĵȼģ֮ϻȼȻҲͲʲôˡ
ɺղѾ˵ˣۼʤеʵһвߣǧҲȷʵʲô
ܿ쿪ʼһŮӻ̨һͷĺڷƮȻٲ㴹ڼһ˫ǣͦǣ̺죬εĴѩĹӨۻѩѩĶˡ
ǰһԴֻĴã֮µĲκˣõ˶˫۷ֱֱ̿ˮ
ɫǡСͻȻһϽĿջأСѵСѾͷʲôͣ͡
˵ţͻȻһĿͣԼϣǿ򶨣ŤͷɺЦǿ취˵עڳЩ˵Ļͱˣһ֪жҪѪ
Ļûбߣɺͫգգµؿ졣
һµǲǻڡҲûΣ̹׵˵
ҪģĲܹĻأɺһСһڴؿ죬ȴĻش
첢ûش𣬶ǳ˼һ£ЦͬЩֻֻҪĵ궯Ӷ÷񣬲˲ͬҿ˲ȫ棬ģֻܹҵĹܹҡ
νͣɺһؿ죬ٸʵס
ֻһ󣬾ˣȴЫĳ˾ҲһƤҡ˵ֻܹΪ֮ˣֻҪȥС
û뵽Ȼ˸ߵļ⡣ɺ˵ͷЦ˵ҲͬУһ˵ĺûû˿Ĺϵһнģа֮ˣôȻڸǲаıʡ
˵УѾʼ֮ǰһ£ǲŮһƲһЦ֮䣬ɢ޾ģټһͻֱǹ˶ǵŮ
ЩߣЩ֣һԵߵĹĶ֮£ϵļżۣЩѾƷֵҲ֡
ǿȻô˶ҵ֪һ뿪жҪڵײǽ沨ŮֶΣҲǾΪ졣
ɹֲǣûʲôҩ֮ĶʧǵǣԼǲᡣɺû˿ΣһĵؿЩˮ֮ˡ
⵹ҲǡͷֽĿͶ·
סͻȻһ֮£漰õĲϣ䶼úֵƷҲҪ
˵ﶼǸĸ֣Ǳʵǿܹμᣬ϶Ǽᶨ֮Բ̨ܱǲŮԻ󣬿ǳƷֵԵúܲԾˡ
Щѵг𣿡쿴ɺʵ
гɡɺһЦǼˣֱʤܱ߼ҵÿᣬǶ˲μӣղҲӦÿˣ֮ǶƱػ


100 ҩʹ
ͷЩƷñȱ߳ļ۸ߣΪʲôЩ
Ȼܹߵʵڴ֮УҲ׻ٵ̫߼۹ͿˡɺʱʾЩ۵ľ飬͵õĵҩʯƷȴͬ
һʯһ֣һмʯȫʸ֣ȻóĽҿʯļֵߺˣֻҪĽҶ׬
֮⣬иһ˼ÿ֮䶼սϣǴｫԴÿһ㣬Ǿͽһ֣һ֣֮Ĳ޷ýġ
ԭл⡣Ȼ򣬽ɺ⣬ô뵽һҵᣬл֮ŵ
Ȼ֪ǾĲΪʲôҪأʵ
ǿ̻ᣬ׬ǮΪǿˣôܲǽأ໥ǲܵõߵ档ɺգ۾һЦ˵ǰ춼ûع
Ŀɿڴ֮ʱɺּÿҶԼĳҪЩǹҲҪǹҵĶں֮ǰҾγĬֹ߽ҵף˭ΥˣҾͻṲͬͷϾҵ
ǹҾٶʱǹҵǿҲμӣ˵״Ҳ
ĵࡣЦҡҡͷ
Ҳû취飬ʵԽǿҲԽ󣬱Ǽޣʵʱ޿̲ܱߵĹҽһˣʤٲ֮ءɺ˵ţεĿЦЩԴǼҪֹߣֲܲóԾͱڼ۸Ͻᡣ
ϾǵҩҩʯǷǳÿһҩĻãǶҪ޴ĴۣЩʯʤܹҲ崦һСÿҲͳǧ飬Ȼ崦ĴռݣΪ˱ÿҲó֮һ
ͱⲻ˱ֻҪһ飬Ƕǵľ޴ʧǾͱ뻨ߵļǮǹǱǶһ֡
Ȼһһҿ㲻ʲô༸ΣƽʵͻᱻƣʱСĽᱻ̲Ǵ½֮˭ҲԽˣܹģǾĿȥƽ⡣
ԭˡ˵ͷҲЩڷⱳҪģȻָ˵Ϊ˱ңĻΪ˱ǵô˵ҵĴڣά
ƽܹȵǵøлǣһ㣬컹ͬġ
ͬʱҲףܹõһôʯ϶ҲǴĵõģֻ벻ףĴϲһѣô˶ĸƤ֮½ʯȻظǵġ
ž鲼ʯҲ䲻ɢʯʱô˿ţԲŻû˴⡣
뵽һȺƻĸֿ֮½ʯؼգԭжԴϻЩҲʧ٣ʣµֻ
Ϊ˼岻ϧգ˽ѾǧѲŽʯȥȴûԼãǽøзչǱɡ
ػԲһܹġ
죬ҪҪЩ
ɺδǿʲôҪһЩɿ춼ûڣ̲ס
ʵ˵ɡЦЦ
вļҩʺʹãҾһЩֵõ´ΡɺȰ˵ȻڷõҩԺЩӰ죬ֻҪЩҩãÿ·һţҲʲôӰ죬ٶȿԳɱ
һ£ɺЦ־ƽȽ˵츳̫ãЩ궼æŹ̻Ӷţ־ƽøѵǵʵȫԺܶ˵һﲻġ
ΪʲôʵΪÿ¶òͬĵҩһǲʵҲԼΪֵҩĲͬԺҲʲôӰ졣
Ȼôһ£һĲ죬ֻϿڷõҩԺӰ죬ҹݵʹõҩ
ѵ㻹ңɺһЦؿ죬ڴؿ졣
Ȼǡҡҡͷֻ֮ǰû˵Ըеܲѡ


101 
ЩҲֻʵе̵֪ͨʵҩûж٣ô֪ɺҪȻΪʲôЩӵܾٲʵҲͨӵǿܶࡣ
ڴʱС𣺡磬˵ģ֮ǰ㲢ûеõҩ;Ҳûи㡣
˵ͷǾһЩɡ
ҰмۡɺͷʱʯЩʤ۹óģΪľǸ
ϾʤһҲ崦ʯ֮вɣÿǳޣ崦ȫռǲóһЩ͵òʯʱܿΪʯ
ʮʯɣø㸸ĸɺһۣҪмۣϽڵá
ôˣɺͫ죬ΪҲģһңҳʱѾ˵ˣңȻ㲻Ҫرܵñʾһ㡣
ˣʯ˵ţʹóһмʯ
ܵŨɺһĿж𾪣ôû뵽ϾȻмʯҪ֪ƼҲûмʯ
û뵽Ȼز©أɺЦȻѾмʯҲȱЩʯ
˼죬ܿ㽫ʮٿʯȥλŮջ𣬵ҩҲʼˡ
ҩߵıƷ֮ʯΪѵãԸ쳣ļңǼ䣬ͺǽҸͲԼƺģʮϰң춼һʹ
ƿƷҩԪãҰɺҲػſڱ·ʮҡ
һƿҩֻжʮÿҩļֵﵽǧңԪÿһöļֵһңһӷһЩԭһɺۣȫһ׷ɺǵİ俴ϧܹ棬ȴǿġ
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ܿڶƿҩʮöƷҩԪЧԪ£׼ʮ򣬺ܿ㱻ɱʮ򣬶ƿԪļֵҲʮҡ
ڸǳĳ֮ʣɺٴζЦԪЧҲܲԪãЧѣӦ
ϴһΣûشɺֱӽгʮĸ߼ۣõٴα졣
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Ƭ̣㷢֣ɺѾʮֵҩһƿһƿʮöʮֵܼѾǧ
ǧң뵽ֲ֣ͷð亹õ˰ԾأСںڽɭϴһǿߵղأлڵģԼܷóǧҡ
Ҫ֪ԾĽָ֮нҲ࣬һЩϣɽ֮ϴٵĽҲûҲǧ
ڿɺ²ģƺԶûֵͣĴ㡣
Ѿôˣ˰ɣһЦؿɺôණͲûǮ㣬Ҿ˶ȥҲֵôҡ
ûǮ˵֡ɺ죬һЦİɣһأ
㣿찵ҡҡͷɺô˼лԼ֮ǰȹҪлô
׼ǡţվɺҳȥһ¡
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Ҳ̫ˡЦһǧŵܣ˵ôһλڣ֣Ҳҵĸ
ԣɺһĨϼŭĵһû뵽СҲʼ컬ˡ
˵˵֡һЦȥ
ţ쾶ֱ̻ĴãҵߣҲ֮ǰӭǽλӣ֪ɺ֮Ĺϵ쵹쳣Ŀ֪үкηԸ
Ʒⳡᣬ֪ô
ǿԣֻûȵҶû׼ܼ۸ϻЩ⡣ӹ˵Ǻö֮ǰѾϵĽһò࣬ٳ߼ۣүܳԿġ


102 䶯һ
ûϵͷóĵʯݸӣտʼûиоϵɻ󣬿ɵһ֮
ðΣŻعһ𾪵ؿүǺöʤûܳԿȵ´ᣬͨһ۸Իɡ
ڵýңֻǡҡҡͷᶨ
ȷʵѾ˾ģ΢΢̾ϢһЩ۵صȻóʯƣڸҲȫʹΣ൱ڶֵ֮ߣ׼ʱΪԴﵽİһȫĵϡ
˵ţٴο죬ȷүȷҪô
ͷȴǿЦѣɺĹֺռŲ
һУɱת˰䡣
ȥʲôأȻȥôã취Ǯȥ˰ɣ죬ɺһϷʣ΢̵¶ɰСѣȥ쳣ˡ
㻹˵ˡûзϣٺһЦ
ԣɺ˫һؿȥǮ˰һǧٶңʲô취ﵽôǮ
һͻ֪ˡ
ǺһЦأȴݳ鴤˼£֪뿪֮ʱҲһǧ㼸ʮôһȻѵһǧҲ֪ŮǲǰЩҵʯӡ
Ǯͺãһ˵֡ɺƤһЦᣬȵһƿҩҪˡ
ԣһٴͳ˼¡
ɺǲѽҵǮĽм֮еŭ𾪣ŭǣεջ٣ȫɺȥ
𾪵ΪɺĲһǧңЩʲǺܶ࣬һóһǧԲ࣬ʤΧļңûж١
ȥҲ飬ĸˡͬһʱ䣬޿̣׼̽һǸϵס
ԲٱȥξͰˡ֮Уٴһͬľ׼ɺһƴס
νм֮󣬵ҩٴιУڴһֵҩʱĸҲǽӴǸͻȻǲŮҲ֪˵˼ʲôŮһλøӡ
ô£ô̻ĸ˳һʦȥ˿һĻȫɻѡ
˹һһ˷ܵصŴˣֻǸղŷһϲ£ʵ̲סģϽߴҡ
һ˶۷׷ףӱһΪ̻ĸˣνǼʶ㣬ܹ˷ܣ׻ʲô
ƺ˵θڣֻվһ˷ܣȴʼղ˵ʲô
ʲôϽó
ԣóǿ

ܲס׷׿ѯʣһʱ֮䣬᳡˵гһ㣬ֲѡ
˵һʲô̻ĸ˵ļɺüֿʵ
һ֪ˡٺһЦҲ˵
ǵĪԶı飬ɺ˫һǶİɣ
ЦõɺΪ϶ҪѯʲôʱĸҲڵ˵θ֮󣬿ˡ
ڼ֮óһУ仺򿪣ǲĵȻöֻȫģҲǷǳ󣬲һ֪
ʲô
ʯȴû
зģ
µţǲûϳǿռŲҲвѾϳ̻ȻŪ˱
ɲһܹŪģȴ½󷨴ʦ٣Ϊʦѣڶѧϰ츳ҪܸߣҪּȣʶԶͨˣһҪܹʱ伯ж񣬷Ʒ֮ʱʧܡ
󷨲һܹѧģƷ˵ҪʯƷϵڵ֮ϣʯڵһŪ͸˵Ʒġ
һʧܣʯڵӿʧóʯ˵һʧܣ½ȫʧһʯ꣬еʧж󣬱˵һƼҲδá


103 䶯
Ҵܵ˿ռ𵴣Ӧһöռһ֮УһλüĿضźеᶨصϧһдۣһҪõ
˵ţŤͷԱһǶȥٶȸҵǧ
ǣסͷû˿ɵıתȥڷеҲû˿ķԡ
ΪҶ֪пռ𵴵ķıǱĲҲˣܶΪǿߵ˥һЩ츳ѵĺ󱲣ȴڳɳ;䣬ʹü̲ӣ˥ܡ
һ⣬Ƕ֮вжɱһıҲ䣬ǵҲʹ˥ܻ
ԣЩռֻĶֱӺȴǷǳ޴
ʱ־а֮Уϳȫϧһд۽֡
ֻҪԺ֮УǾռȻ²Ҳ
ġһ֮У˽óΪ׵͵վɫɢŨɱŭȵ϶Сû˻Ὣ˱Ķóû뵽ӵĶ֮оȻȫ
ִ£˵Ŀǻ쵰һԲü׳ӳʵ
Ϊ֮˲Ǳˣɽʱƻʱһֱ˵棬ӱֿƴɱʵôĳһһôеɽ򵥣һֱзš
ڳ߻ɱ֮ʱʶӲĽ߻ʣԼйΪ۶ӵһ
ȻصΪǴʧأִµĵλҲͨһЩϵ֮ҲܵһЩ
ʮˣڸ߼ҩ֮£ȫִָμ̻ᡣ
ʻ֮ҵִǿֱ˳ΪţΪ׳ţţһֱײ
϶˫ĿصûӦǿռŲʤԼΧңûʦôҿռŲһʦͲᣬֻеԼ˻ᣬЩ˶ܳ
Ǳ˵õЩϾһ൱ڶ˭ͷҪǮҲһԽóΨһĽ;СõӵȫӶѧˣں
СƼңܿɾִǿ˫۱ŨصɱξٷŹСҪ󡣡
ſռŲٶϱһɱܱܿӵ
һȫ֮ߣˡǿҲݺݵص˵ͷ
Ҫ֪ͨɣֻҪһʳҪɱС׾١еһ
ԣǿ˶һۣͬʱأһСλϳ֣ǾС
̨ϣ۵òˣźǺһЦصкܶ˶֪ʲôҾǽһɡ
ղҷһйϣôǴ½ϵһʦǰ˵𣬵ǰƾһ󷨣ڴ½ܵУΪóıǿռ󷨣ڴ½϶õĴ󡣡
ǰӴпռŲҪһʯ֮ϣһǳɵĿ̻ʮģм䲻κεͣ٣ͽʧܡ
þһǿռŲƣֻҪû󷨽סռ䣬ںʱεȽҪĹͷֻҪսעУķģγһСεĴ󣬽䴫͵ǧ֮ڵκһ򵥣ֻҪ߱ʹãǱĲ
ռŲΨǰһʦŻ½ϾԲᳬʮˣ֮شжףҾͲٶ˵
һĿɿڴһģ½ᳬʮ˻ǺεƷ
ͲסкϽ˵׼ۣӽҵҲҪⶫ
ԣٵǵθڣϽ˵׼ۡ

ǼɴĽ˵ĵ⣬Цһջһ֮һ߷塣


104 䶯
λԵȣ̻ŹأƷð֮ǰҵ˳;ĶҲʵڱǸ˾˸֮ǰ׼ĽѾ˲ٶʱºܶ˶׼㲻ò뱦ʧ֮ۡ
Ϊ˲ôźΪʣнһʱҿԳʱ׼׼
ԣһЩߵŭ
ʲôЦڲóʲôⲻôб
ǣ㲻óʲôֱǵˣ


˶ɵֱĶ˭õðЩֲǲŻлᡣ
һЩ׼׵Щ˵Ĳ˿Ļᡣ
ŭĽţһЩ߸̨ҲЩżλҲû˼֮ǰóΪľôи׼Ҽ¡
Уó˾ͱ
ٲʼǿɾͲˡ
ģٲʼӾˡ
ԽԽŵĻ⣬ɫһԱһ֣ʮȫսλ̨֣Χ֮󣬻һʮ꣬ɫĮӣһ߽һǿѹ᳡һЩ촭
ʸ֡
һ˲䰲Ȼһִ֪ᣬƼҵıԲôû뵽Ȼʸ
һҲõʮ㣬ҲǿӲڸλҪֻ˵Ǹ̻ԼĹأؾԲƣҲƣλһλȻҪ֣վƼλ̸
û˸ҿڣЦǿʸ֣˭Ҫȥʸ֣Ǽֱ
ƼҵĹѴа꣬δƹϰߣҲơԱߵİ֮ͻȻһ˭ƻأ˾Ҳ
һȫɫ䣬˾ҿʤĻ壬ʵɲ⣬˭ҵǣǾǱһǣԶȥ
ͬʱһɫҲ̫ÿΪʤǣҲ˵˾ҵĴӪҪҵȶǳķ㣬ơ
壬ٶȵʱŲҪ˾ҵˡʤļ׷״ߴټ壬Ȼ˾ΪʤĻ壬˾Ҳǿǲμֻ˭Ǯ࣬Բ˭󣬷ϣǻҲֵס
ߣȥȥ֣ԲÿռŲ˾ҵõԺŴܵǻʳȥ£¾ܣ˭סҵǸûʱȥҲûа취Ҫ֪֮ǰ׼˴Ľңһȫ˾һƴ
ҲҽЦ绨˾ҵİ乪елл˾ԣ̻м
󣬸˱ҲǷǳĽȻ˵潻λʸԱܣһЩԭǿҲź
ֽŮ֣Уǰ֮УɺĿĵþͭ壬ضϣӣ첻һĽͣûꡣ
˱ںڽɭʱΪʲôóǲѵǵȲ
챻ɺȫڣһŵҲԸóǵʱʵò
ԣɺüͷһ壬ɻŶΪʲô
һ£˼ǲǸðռŲԼѧһ¸
ɺεȴһı飬֪룬һЦ㲻˵ˣҵȥ׼ңƼΪĵصôҲһǣֻίһˡ
ɺˣİֻ֮ʣһˣõЩӦܿ㱻
ΪʱղŵĻȫˣղǴƴϼӼۣһƷм֮ȴ޼
ҪƷֵʱҲû˽мˣ˻ᣬôܴûɺԼʼмۡ
ɺ֮ʱʮƿҩȴֻ˲İңɺ۾ĳˡ


105 
ҩ꣬һЩԭϣиֲɼҩҲиֿʯ첢ԶҩȫûȤڿʯȴȤܴ󣬼ֻҪǱ۵ģȫ
ΪҶ˼ö֮ϣЩ˱ˣı죬Щȴᡣ
תһʱȥ׼Ʒȫ˳ȥöҲ
λռŲղѾܹˣŸλѾɴҾͲٶ£Ϊô⣬ǾһҵĻ࣬ڿʼۣ׼ңӼۣǺܱ˵Ӵ
Ů£Ȳ
ʮҡ
ٰʮҡ
ҡ
Ǽʮ򣬼ʮҵϼӣͺҲǮһ㣬ޱȣһʮңƽʱǧҶ֮˫ֱͲһΡ
֮࣬Ҳ֮Ĳࡣ
һᳬǵģԻᡣ˫ȭգаġ
죬ôˣɺͻȻһ࣬ȤڿǮˣôһ㶼ˣҪôǮ϶˯Ц
̻ᶼţһǹǳɾ͵ǧ򣬾ȻЦҡЦһЩһҪǡ
ˣɺЦЦû֦Ҳ˿˵Ķˣ㽫쿴
Ҳۣô൤ҩǣҵʵܱһءһ뵽Լµڶ൤ҩо˵˷ܡĸǵõô൤ҩһǳľϲɡ
⵹Ҳǡɺͷ֪Щҩҵ壬漴Ŀһתŭؿ조ȻôõĶңѵһ㣿
֮ǰҲû˵ҪٺһЦһת㲻˵ҲҪ뾺ôôûмۣ
Ҳڵļ۸񣬶ˣѳļֵһĲݵӣƼҼСҵСɲɺ˵ţ죬Ц죬ԺôõıһҪƼӴ
û⡣
ͷӦ
һöĽмۺܿ쳬򣬴ﵽֵ߰ԶļֵٽмʱҲ˺ܶ࣬мҲʮļӡ
־һ۸˾ҽг˰ĸ߼ʱҲû˽мˡ
ڶܿҶ֪Ļᣬһ˼Ѫһ㣬Ƭ̱ﵽ߰ȴûղʮ򣬶ʮϼӡ
˰򣡡
һ֮ٴνг֮ǰ߼ۣ겻֮ʱһ˼ۡ
˰һʮ򡣡
˰ʮҹżҪˡһ֮ͻȻһԱŵȻǱƼˣԼʵˡ
Ҫ֪УȸڵİŪ֮УǱȲǱԴҲὫԼڵһǾͱʾüʵѹˡ
ܹڴʱμӽм۵ĸ±вżҰ֮е£Աߵһ֮У㴫һżҺôӴΪ˭Ƶģҳ˰ʮ򡣡
һﴫˬʵЦֵ˵òû˭˭ģͲñԼˣҳ˰ʮ򡣡
м۵Уֱǹֵ۹ң۹ĹżңԼ۹ĳ¼ҡɺЦ͵ղǼ۹ļͷڵӣȻͬҵļʱˡ
Ϊһõôôɻ
ȻˣǿռŲںεΣ֮أֻҪռûͿԴ͵ǧ֮ڵκһطɺЦ룬ҪܵǼӪȥңʱôӵκΣ
Ҫ֪ûκΰ취ֹĵһöǶԼ̵ӣͬʱҲ
ԭͷеĵһĶ࣬ɺӴʱ䣬ͻȻоԼӲˡ
ĽмȻڼֱ˾ҽгŰĸ߼֮ʱڳŰԶֵ̫࣬ټӼۣʵڻ
ŰһΡ
ŰڶΡ
ûг۵ģǿռŲĲͨʹΣڸҲܹʹΣõ൱ڶ˼ӴٲӼۣ˱Ҫʧۣ֮Σʱٺھˡ
Ů촽ǷǵһȫˣټǹǵĿ⣬õڳö˶ܲˣһЩ˸ǿˮ


106 
ôȥ˾֮УһЩ˿򲨰ŮĿⶼ޲ýˣȻǲǱסǶе˿ֲ
ŰңѾǵԤ㣬˶вʤ˾ңԲҧ˳
ڲŮǲ´ĶˣŮĹƻ֮жǿЩμ˱˭ðһͷǿɾ鷳ˡ
û˼ӼҾҪö˾ˡŮ˿ˣۿȷʵûټӼۣСľ׼ö
Űʮ򡣡һ֮ͻȻһ䶯ȫ֮ȻӦһꡣ
ԼңøԼңȻ˾˾˫ȭգ˫գ죬ȫ
෴Ϊ׵˾ȴû̫ŭЦһЦǶطŭԼҲʤĴ֮һ䵽ϣ䵽ǿѾһٻŰһȷʵûǸҪ
ڵˣ֮еҡҡһؿɺǿʦÿ󣬲֪жȥ
ҵġɺһۣ˾ûһö
ǺǡЦһ
һϲǡ
ɺȥ˽ᣬ쿴ǰʮƿҩͻȻ֣ԼЩҩνǧֵֵ
ЩҩҲ߲ʵܹõЩʺõĺҲԵõõò˶ãҵʵᱩǡ
öȻڱʮ󣬵Ͼǳ֣֮֮ǰʧܵʯֵܼҲᳬ򣬼ֱǴ׬׬
ɺǰһЦĽһ𿨵ݸ̻Ľ𿨣ÿһŴʮңõ̻κһֻᶼȡҡ
лӹ𿨣ʱòԾϸһ£ȻʮţǴٶĽңɻؿɺ
̻ɵĲݣ̻ɵĲݾͲġɺЦŽ͵ȴһĨʧ
֮ǰԷЩҩΪľǵûô֧ʱʹΪ֧˺ûľ֮
˭뵽ȷʵ벻ϼŸΪȻձƵ콫ˡ
ôУ̻ᣬԾӪΪɣǲæôҡţĽ𿨻ɺ
ˣɺûнӽ𿨣Ŀף֪콫ó֮ڵģԭֻһ⣬ȴհ˻¡
ûе¡Ц֪ҲǺ⣬ԼԭҲա
ģɺһʵ
ǳ棬黹档һЦ
ȷʵ˵ٻɺһϵЦҲ࣬𣬵Ȼ㲻ҪҾˣٶأȥƯ·ζҪö࣡
ǺǡһЦ
ʰöɺ˳̻ᣬû̻ſڣλ˹ɺС㣬үߺŰɣ
ô£ɺü΢΢һ塣
˶ǰŶţ뿴˭ö˵ţ⿴һۡ
ŶɺͷǾߺŰɡ
Ȼᷴԣɺһźȥʹգ컹ɺûҪ˲Ҫ˵ϢΪǶ֪ƾɺ֮ĹϵǾԲ͸¶°Ϣ䵱̻ܻĸˡ
뿪̻ᣬɫѾ磬ûٽп񣬱Ƹȥ
áյƸţһλüĿһЦɺ˹
ôˣһ꣬ɺüͷһ壬ͬʱ̲סŤͷһԱߵ졣
ɺľٶûӹĿ⣬ɫһ죬ǸҵСӰɣȰ㻹жԶԶúãҪ֪֮ǧų⣬ġ
ԭ컹ûע꣬˻һɫһӳȥЦû֪֮òܣôǳҲǱб£ɲЩ蹷ֻҷ͡
˻һɫ䣬ɺһؿ죬ǰҲദʮ죬ĸоȻЩƻΪ˻Ǻ͵ģȴû뵽˵ôһ


107 һ˽
СɫһһŭȣҪ˹Сʳֻѵ˵ģû˭˷
ԽƽҪʲôû嵽ǰɺ㵲ǰȵ
ɺãǸʲôҿδôܰˣԽƽɺгŭ
˵ٽɺã㻹Ǹʸ񡣡ɺ֮Ҳûϵ˭ҴӦĻԼȥ˭޸㡣
ҲԼүȻѵС־͹񡣡Խƽɺһǳ⣬˫һӾͱͨ죬ȫǣһԹؿ죬С֣ѵֻ֪Ů󣿡
Խƽ˵ԼɺδоһĪķ꣬ʱٿԽƽǳиŭڶ
һƤѣΪԼһؿԽƽ
ԽƽΪԼҵүȻ߰ޱȣڱƤ󡣬Ļܵˣһŭȣһѽγ˹ȥ
Сȥ
áɺɫһ䣬Ҫ쵱һȴδѴһǰ
ƾ㡣һһȭǰսȭͷ֮ϣԽƽ
䡭ȭཻԽƽǶһĨѪȴ˿
ûԽƽվȣӰһٴǰ־һԽƽϡ
ž
һ촫Խƽ϶ʱһںɫİӡ廹ԭתһȦԴ֮ʣǱѴĶСһסֻңȴҵˡ
ž
£ٴλֺ֣ݺݵԽƽһ⣬һסҪ֪֮һΪǡ
ž
һǴ㸸ĸģ˼Ҷ㣬˼ƤĲţ㸸׵㶪ˡ
ȥԽƽѾ£ΪĴĶӣʱ˶ԴһʱûзӦ
ȳ֮תƼҵĴŶȥûԽƽħһ
Сȥ
һĽãԱһϮӰһתһȭ
սҰ
ս˲ȭͷ֮һͷһգۼ㵽Խƽ֮ǰ
䡭
һɾֱ֮һԽƽһŵɳȥһڶһ֮󣬼ǰ壬ݺݵĺԽƽϡ
䡭
Խƽһűɵʯӣɳȥϻսֱӱƣ·Ҳ俪¶һ֪ףܹǳӰ֮ǰӰѾһԻܴĵȼҲԲ͡
ȻҲǰȰʵһ㣬´ξûôˡŵڵϣѪԽƽһĨЦתȥ
졭ɺȥ죬ֿһ۵ڵϵԽƽԽƽû󰭣Ͻ׷˹ȥ
һֱ׷סСԺɺ׷죬죬ҲǹģԽƽֻǸװҶģҲûͬ⡣
ʲôϵͣ£һصֻһ۵СӣȴĴС㣬ûҪ˵Щġ
㡭ǰıӰɺͻȻ˾ӨˮΪ޸ԽƽôΪҲһԼϲģԼѡԼĻôڴ֮Уܶɲҡ˵棬ɺȪӿ
ɺĿһʹǿŮˣҲᣬжôġ
תߵɺǰ̾һǵİϵˮĨˣҲûй˼Ҳ֪ЩҲɼ
治ңͫỨؿ졣
û㣬ֻǸղһʱ鲻̫áǳ϶ĵ
Ҿ֪㲻ôСɺЦ漴ɫȻһҪ޵Լҡ
˵ţɺͻȻ̧ͷ죬ᶨصҪ뿪ɣǵһûʶǵĵطԼ
û뵽ɺȻ˵˴󵨵Ļһı飬Բ˵ЦҲ˼
ɺǺкøеģֻڻȷʵǲŮ֮İ飬Ͼദʱ̫ˡ
ֲܾģһ뵽ԺɺҪ˱ڻУоһꡣ


108 Լţһ
˼˺һɺڴĿУҡҡͷɺĵһһѷſŵ죬ٴȪӿҾ֪㲻Ը⡭
Ը⣬ǲܡ콫ɺǿڻУ뿪ȻܹԼǵļô
ȣ㸸Լҽµģһˣ㸸ôԼҽʱұسɳС
⣬ԼĴ֮һһߣǱضöػԸңʱԵľͽ壬ҲΪԼüΣ̫˽ˡ
ô죿ɺҲ֪˵ʵҪȡһҲԸ⡣
ʵ㹻ʵپԼңʱҪһ˭ɫᶨصһʱ䣬һỹ뿪Ƽҡ
ãҵ㡣Ȼɺ֪ﵽԼҶ޷ĵزһ׵飬ȴġ
һɺȥ
ƻڵСԺһߴҴܵƻǰүԼҵүԽƽˣС˫˳ͻˡ
Ŷƻ˫һһЦߵϸ
ǡߴӦһ㽫ľƻ˵һ飬첻ԽƽݺԽƽ⣬һ㽫ԽƽɱʱƻϵЦԽŨ
ˣȥɡƻźһӵҶ죬ǧˡ
ǡ߹Ӧһ˳š
һߣƻ̲סٴЦСһҴ£ҿһ١
ԽƽԴĿеˣһر֮ĺϵûһǧҲа˰٣ܵġ
꺮񣡡ܵΧȻ͵¶ȣٿóǾӨɺ㾪ôô꺮񣿡
֮ǰںڽɭֵõģԺٶȻܶࡣЦ
͸ҵģɺСſ¶ſɰСһ𾪵ؿ졣
ԡͷ֮ǰںڽɭ־˵֮һһ㣬ɻϲ
šɺ˵ͷȥ꺮񴲣ʱһɱĺֱ֮ϴȻڵսԶת
꺮Ȼ鴫ɺһ𾪵Ľջأ꺮ɴ̫˷ѣҽ˰гĿ飬Լһ飬߰ɡ
Ҫܾɺٴοڵķ֮һѾ㹻ˣ⺮񴲶Ҳżĺôʣµûؼң㸸ĸʹá
룬ɺ˵ȷʵͷãɣδߣ
һ߾ǣ㲻صģƼҡɺ˵ţ죬ϸһĨ֮ɫԽƽҹԼҲưڸݡ
һԼңһǷСһЦûһ㵣ĵصѾңټһԼҲʲô
㻹СһúãܳΪĴ壬ǺǵġɺĵصģƼңҿԱ֤˭붯һë
ѵһӶﲻȥˣһЦİɣԼңңɱң񡣡
һɺ˽꺮񴲸ߣôߵģþ鲼ȫ˸ʲô
ôһ꺮˵ƼЩ϶Ķᡣ
һһûһԼҡһЦڷ֮Увûиղ˵ôɣȻⲢңǵҳ֡
ϾǿĴ֮һʤǴĴ壬̷ǳֲ
ˣˮڡɱһԸǲҪҳ֣ҾǼȮ
ҲԻý֮óһʯ׼̻ռŲ
֮ǰƵöѾڽһֲԼңٿһ⣬׼ƼͻؼңʱԼҶҳ֣Ҳôġ
Ȼû֣Ļ̶ЩŵүС֪ͨСһ㣬Լҵˡ
ôˡһĨЦʯ̵𣬴򿪷ţ̶ȥɣ֪ˡ˵ţҪȥ
̶Ͻס죬С㲻ȥ
İɣûµġ쵭ȻһЦӰһѶ㿪̶ȥ


109 Լţ
ճԺţ㿴һȺŭоϻŰӡԽƽ֮⣬ƷɽɺҲС
졣һ죬ɺæ˹õƷɽһԼȫɫһ䡣
źߡ
Ʒɽһɺע⣬ɺһܵǰ˵ԼǶִԺһԽĸ׵ĸ֮⣬ҪСĵ㡣
ɺȻѹڳĶ֣ԽƽҲһԶͨ˿ɱȣȫװףõԼɫԽ
СˣȻҵ湴ˣȼ޵ԼңҶ㳢ǧѹζԽƽޱԹš
İɣҲµġͷȥƷɽһƼ
ض񡣡ƷɽǺһЦԵúǿ
ԺеȣⳤС۾Ϣһֺܲõĸо죬˫һУʵ죿
ԼҶִԺ֪ʲô£
ǼүģԺ죬ʵ
ȷʵҴġûзϣЦ˭ҳֵģȻԼʤĴ֮һֻһСǸͲеļ壬Ҳ쳤ӵɱ
Ȼвм˵Щ֪ƼңҪҲ³ǣҲҪվڵµߵ㣬´ȥҲ
Ʒɽؿ죬а˻һֱָԼˣνռ˵
ԺҲüͷ΢壬ȻҲ컰е˼ԼҵĶִ£ȻҲǵ֮˵Ҽүȶ֣֤ݣ
ôһҲҳù֮ӳ֣ʣҪɱңҪʵǿӶ֡Խƽɫָʤɷ˺壬ش
˵ţһŤͷԺɱ
˵ûԺٶɺվŭؿԽƽȻ֣ųֵģȻȸ״
ôһѣù壬ɱΡԽƽ蹷һ㣬˫ۣٴζԺ㣬ɱ
ȻһǿΪĴ½ֻߣ׼ȷ˵еĸ֣ͨߺƽ˵ɷźǿԼ
Ļ壬Ϊ£ΪЧ˹ƽ֣֮оλȼӸͷֱӡ弶
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ΪڸǣΥЩ͵ƣΪάԼȨ嶼п׷ɱΥߡ
ҪôִУҲ򲻿ܵġ
ʱԼҶִҲüͷ壬ʤҲһˣôһСӳ֣ȥͻˡ
컹һݣڴ½ϻһĵĹ涨֮ͬһǲֵģӮҲֻܳȡ
ǿͷᱻ˳Цܡ
ԽƽѾô˵ҲүԽƽǶִ£Ҳֻˣ֣ȻƼ˳ЦԼûйأΣȥ֮Ҳ˵ǡ
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ɫһȻԽƽƷɽά죬Ҳߺ޲ѣô˵ҲƷɽϵŮֻöƷɽһԭС³ç
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ɽԽƽĻһõɫҲסˡɹɽСҴɱ壬ֱǲʤУζܹϢˣǻӦ£Ŀʱ塣
ԣԺɫһ䣬вãԽƽ⻰ûѹƼңȻĴǳڻ壬ɴиףʵĻǺȻǿ󣬵ĴҲδؾǣһֻܾˣȫ


110 үһ
ԭԺ˵һ£ûڣƷɽɫһߵүǺ磬Ȳ˵ȣ㣬ƼͣǱˣҲøҼֱ档
Խƽԣɫһ䣬ԭ˵ΥƷɽ˳˵Լܲˣͺýõ
ôû뵽ƷɽŮ죬ŭڶ𣬲ɺΪԹޣƼҲˡ
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áԣԺһԽƽү֪ҵĹϵпĻٸ˿ĳɣϽվƷɽֵƼϢŭүһˣͷƼ˴ðʧԼұصŵǸ
ߡƷɽһһŤͷˡ
ү߰ɡԺ֪ٴȥҵĹϵܱܿԽƽŪж档
ȴԽƽĿԣŭԺҲүû˭˵Ҫߵġ
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ǡԼҵǰһһһץԽƽ־ߡ
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лƼƷɽһ񣬵ԺƼҲҪʲôүҷͿԡ
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ƾԼԼ֮ǰҲһֱû˵֤
ʵʵа̾һתݡ
Ƹ֮⣬ԽƽԹؿԺԺҪ췴ô
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ʲô޷ģԽƽԲȴ˺ܶ࣬ҲףһƼַжء
֪ԽƽѾԺҲһתүģ²ôˣǼȻүԼƣһүġ
ģԽƽϲԺǳ϶صͷ
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ǵġ߹صˣԽƽȻԼѹƼңŭԺƲǿнԽƽˡ


111 ү
дŨصŭ⣬ԺԼѹƼңǾƼңȻƻһϵˣҲƼҵһӣԽƽȻŭɶ
ȥɡƻͷûж˵ʲô
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˵̾ϢһϧȻӹһ٣Խƽӣ϶ôưڸݣкϷˡ
תһҹȥ
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ٿ͹ˣʱһɺٸͼȥԺҾͲٵˡһЦ⽫
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ԷûУûһԡЦʵ
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⻰ѵǵĻºͶˣһʵ
׼ȷ˵ǻû㶩ˡɺҡҡͷͳص»ôүү˵𣬵үүԽƽүүǺѣʱ֮ͬƹܸԼ֮󣬹ϵҲһֱţҵĹϵٽһǱ뵽
ʱ˶ӣȴûŮԼ˭Ů޸Էӣ֮ԽƽˣҲˣԼұҪԼҡ
ǵʱԼҵļҲԽƽүүԵƼңүүһ£үүѡһүүѡȨҸףĸһԽƽȽϺҡ
ΪԽƽļѪŨ츳ܲԺǰ;࣬ദҲһЩʱԽƽ˵ȷʵúܹɣܶϲ
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ȻѾҪԽƽɺƱػԼңһԽƽ£ԺôɺԼôߵս
Ȼǳȥ֣ǲŹ䵽һءЦòһ˳ǣôܲúÿʤĴأ
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һļ֣ɺ뵽ϾƼҵĵ̣ʲô£ƼҲܼʱϵͷðɡ
һ¥֮УһĸݡŨüۣϴżɷԼҴܵò͵ԽƽԺǰүִ£Ƽҳˡ
ŶԽƽ˫һʵһĻ˭
ƼС㡣
˻һԽƽɫһɫĵͺҪĳӣȻСһһ죬ҪСɧ˾ġ
үԺɫصŤͷһܣҺΧûˣһ֮ʣԽƽƼҵ£СĸǽжƼ֪Щǻǳ


112 ɱ
ѵ׻ɱǲɣԽƽףһԹصƼұҽݣ붫ҵĽҲҪԼҵƣͱѹˡ
һٻ飬ʱؽ⵽ҵĴѹƾƼңԵֵסô
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ȣԼ붫ҲЩԹЩͬݣ˵ƼҽԼҵҶԿ˵໥
һ˫ַ߶ûкô
үԵֻ죬Ƽһ£ǻǡԺ˵Խƽһʮү֮ϵ˵壬òĺøУпĺ⡣
ðɡԽƽҲ֪ﲢԼҵĵֻ̣ʱա
־Գ¸ɾһ㣬һɱǧƼҵ˷֡ԺŸסǧ˵ɺС㡣
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113 ȫɱ
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İɣûµģǳǣƼҵĵ̡ɺ΢΢һЦ漴ŭڵصֻǿɺ޵ԼңȻɱ㣬¾ԲܾôˣһҪøǸ˵
أֻ֮ĶԹƼҲزֽҡҡͷʵҲףɺ˵ˣƼҲδػΪһˣԼҽġ
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ȻԼҴ˾ȷʵףȫΪүҳǱ˴ˣɱˣд˾٣пԭƻµһҾӦý׽ԼҲǣ֮ѺõĹϵȥ
֪ԽƽȫǾȡɺС㣬ɺСȴԽƽδޣӦøлǣȴҪɱ죬ֶ֮ûɱˡֱһӳƼжǵĿˣȥñ֪ΪԼҡ


114 ȥ
Լ̬ȷѵҪΪһ˶һ񣿡һٴηοɺСǺξ˭˵Ͱػģͼı죿
˶øԼһұһһЦĵ

Ʒɽƻ˶û˵ôһȻͺһж޹һ㡣
ܣ˵¸ΣƷɽͻȻƻޱȵʵһ˶졣
Ҿòܽ͸ԼҡƻһЦصô˵ƼһжģƼҵĿôͳȥ´ȥ˻˵ƼԼңƼҵΪ
˻һƻ·ȫɫһ䣬ȻǶƻΪʲôô˵Ҫ֪ǿɶһϵˡ
˵òȷʵ͡Ʒɽĵ˵ͷ
ƻһ£ԽƽʵҾ֪ɺĽܣϾɺѾԽƽ´ȥƼҵҲãҾû뿪Ϊá
һԱԼҶǲᣬѺõĹϵѺۣһ棬ҲԶϾɺĺ˼룬⴫Ƽ顣
һƷɽɫһƻ˼β֪ںܶ˶ҪԼң֮Ҳû뿪ͶƼ⣬ԼϮϮ˱һɱֻ֣ɱʵֻ֮ǰ֪ʵ֪µˡ
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ûƷɽ˵ƻ·˱׷׿ڵү˵òҾӦ뿪һܲǴƼҡ
԰һǣңԼңƼң˵ʲô¡
ҿӽɺСǱģҲãҲʲôӡ
ƻôһ˵Ʒɽһ˵ûпڣƷɽȳȻǶΪӦ뿪Ǿ뿪ɡ
Ʒɽ·ȫɫһ䣬Ʒɽȴ˰֣ЦϾƼˣ綼Ҫ뿪ģ뿪ҲãЩȻǿҲδؾɱ
Ʒɽ˻һٲ˵
ʵƷɽҲɺ֮ʲô飬Ȼ˻صƼҲ飬ȴп಻Ѱ
ƼҴȥһɺΪһЩƼ֮¡
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ΪƼҲһ˵㣬¹ϵԼҵĹϵͬ⣬еҲԲͬ⣬Щϣǲͬ⡣
Ʒɽһ˷ֿסСԺĵĶʵû°ɣ
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ԣüͷ΢΢һ壬ֲɵӣôƷɽе˼ΪƼҵļݸ߹󣬶ƽʱҲ飬Լôһ䣬ⲻԼ뿪Ƽô
쵹Ҳû˵ǺǺһЦ֮һûãҴ뿪ƼңĴһһЩʶ
ƷصͷʶһҲĿȴãҪҽ㵽ȥֵ۹ֿսˣȥӼʶĥԼ⻹ЩΪһ塣
ȻķЩǿʲô㣬ڵ˵ȷǳãֻҪΪ壬Ҳ˹壬ܵ۹ıӻԺһԼҪǳ֣Ҳÿ
⣬սɱ¾صĵطʱ֮ǻֻ£һ˵Ǳļĳɳ
⡭üͷ壬ԥõ֮أҲɳķͬʱҲΪյʽɸߴųɣֻҪܼĳɾ;Ծ졣
ڹķţҲЩ⶯ֻҪΪ壬ôԺ֮ǰĺμҵȸͲٶҳ֣Ȼδܹ嵽Լңں棬Ҳüɵһ
ȻԺ󳬹ңϾ̫ᣬڵʵ̫Ҫɳ㹻ʱǡ


115 뿪
֮·գҪΪǿߣͱðաţϵı𽥼ᶨƷɽ˵òȷʵʺҵĵطѾ뿪ֱ֮ǰӡ
Ȼеʶȷʵûп㡣ƷɽһЦվļ򣬹СһúŬھȥдƼţԪ˧˽»е㽻飬ῴҵϣչһͷģҲܵ˺ġ
л⣬ƼžͲˡЦžܾȻȥչˣʧԡ
СˡƷɽˬһЦһؿ졣
Ʒɽ뿪컹δݣɺҴҶʱ˫ۺ죬ͺտ޹һ
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ǱϾĴ֮ƻɺһصûѻ˵꣬ҡͷصģа취Ըǵģ򲻹һûġ
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ڶգոշǰףҸŽա
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֮Уһҹ͵˫ۣܵڱ֮ǰΪʵսһĨЦ⣺û뵽ҪͷȻͻһǣΪʿȫ߶飬ʵܹŻЩҵһϲɡ
Ƽ̫ˣһжΪɺСѾͷǳģΣͷȻҪ뿪С߷߲ƽ
ȥƼңҪֻܹԼʵ̫ͣʵǿǰͽỹأĻߡЦԼ֮ҲšֻЦ֮һĨ֮ɫһ
ߣǲáССȭͷ޺޵ص磬һҪɳʱֱӽȫ֪ǵ
áͷ
Ӧһӵʵ㴫ɺϤĽŲ򿪷ţÿɺվſڡ
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ò˶ǱܼġǺһЦǰס֣οֱֻΪ´ε࣬ûʲôѹġ
šɺصͷ΢΢һ죬֮ǰøҵ꺮ûп
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˵ţɿɺ֣Իý֮óһ׼õİݸɺ涼ϴιĵҩҴȥһʱزɼң͵鷳ˡ
ӹɺ϶صİɣЩһᾡͻȥġ
˵ͷóһݸɺģߣΣգͽսע档
šɺͷ֮Ľ
һɺͣ˾ȥ
ߵſڣһѵǰһŵݸүǼ㡣
ӹһȻдŶ֣ʱףȻܾƷɽİƷɽдһƼš
Ҷл塣콫Ƽŷ뻳Уߵͷ漴ֿɺЦҲȥɣˡ
ţһ·Сĵ㣬ﲻõģһ˰ŵġɺͷû뿪վڴſڿԶȥӰȫʧһǵĻȥ
һߣһ߱ҴܵƻǰүѾ뿪
׼ˡƻ˫ͫһУһɱξԲˡ
Ѿ׼ˣӵʮı֤
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סתȥ
ͬʱڳǵһƵ֮УԼҵԺҵҲֱӵ˸ԵµһȫѸ뿪Ƶ꣬ųɱȥ
ͬʱжһʱ֮䣬ӿ


116 Ϲۣһ
磬ôҪڳתӦóǻû׼ãȥǡڳй䣬С󼱡
ҾҪ׼áЦôˣǲЦŹֻ֣еȫ׼ˣٳȥܴǵ棬֪Ҳ۸۸ġ
ŶԭаˡСһСħıð˳ҪȰŵ⼸ҲǸһѵ
һǿ׾ٵĽͷðɣС˵Ȱǵ۾ϹʱҲϱ
˵䣬ӰһȻǰȥƬ̱ʧӰ
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ϧ˳һѴ̵ǰ
ۡ
Լ۾һֵؿ֮̽С

ֵԼ﷢һ̣һѺһΪѪ⡣
Լ֮УƻҶʵǳһֱǳСġ
Լ֪ʵжôĿֲȻ֮ǰɱҲֻƼҵĸڰа죬ϾڳǶ֣൱ڴƼҵƼҲԼַ԰гֶԸˣǸһ棬ȫ
ҲΪԼûа쵱һ£һ棬㱻ɱʬ嶼ûʣ¡
ڸˡһɱԼһŤͷһЦؿ絭дɱˣ˵Ц
΢΢һʶĺһǿĿǳ˿־塣
ǲ֣ҿҪˡһĨЦ
һۣһȣ˹ȥ
ɱ
һһ˻ӽԴһ˴ȣһһ£Ҳϵľ
ȴ˫͵ŵ棬һԾ𣬾Ȼһ׸ߣڰһתܹ˵ĹͬʱǻӽԴȥ
á
ܵϵãɫһ䣬һ෭õһ
Ȼû뵽ǣ첢ûΪһնʧ䣬һתȻԱߵƻ˹ȥ
ԭڳ֮ʣѾ뵽ܹܹһ飬Ϯƻ²ʵ
һ̫죬ƻ·ֲʱѵǰݲܣ۵һ֮С
һУ첢ûνأҲû߶սƻ»ɱƾҽС

ĲҽгǾ֮õӹһٵȫһɫһӱòҰס
ȥɡһͺȣһƻ嵱һ죬ҲȻֹ
ֵˡŵѪһŽʣȥʱɱ֮ǰĲҽУѱȫ
Сӣҿɾ㣬ҪǸҶң⡭ҲšġһߺˣһвֻвôĲ԰
ҲŹңЦһŹأζ׷ɱΪ޵У
㲻ҪһƽŵǵѣҲΪĽ
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ǰλȻпֲûȫѾ˲ˡ
ȫһս쳣ᶨ֮ûбҲƱػӰʵķӡ


117 Ϲۣ
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Ҹƴˡ֮еͻȻһȡ
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ۡ
ͷһ£ϲû˿ľϲΪŨصĿ־ȡ
ΪĽã֮£ΪƬƬƬʧ٣ȻⲢʲô죬ĲӰ
ͬʱԱǸȻֵ죬ȴǰһ̣һ̳κεķӦѺݺݵĴ֮̽С
ۡ
һ죬ֻؿһʹһ̣һ˵ʶʧ
ɱˣŷ¶һĨɭȻЦ⡰λŰɣϾǡ
£ѻΪһӰųɱȥ
һߣһƼܵǴ򶷵ĵطһۣתƸɱȥƬ̱ҵƷɽһ档
ճȥɱˣߵĻ㱨Ʒɽ¶͵Ц⡰֪Ҵʲôϲأ
һţѸߣʹչ˳̽ΧҪ֪ʵ˳ľҲǴǡ
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ҲҪ֮ˣضſںԶֻҪȥ϶ǵ
룬һ֮һѹ͵ĶС
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֪ڣ첢ûмжǼȥ
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ƻһִĶС
˵Ѿôֻû֣
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үϢôܳ᲻֪ŵòҳǣ

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Ƭ֮ԼԽƽ֮Ҳ˹ͨǵĶԻҲŪԼҵʵ
Լǲμᣬ࣬˰Ժ֮⣬Ҳµڱɱ֮󣬸ղֱɱһҲֻʣԺ
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ҵʵǿ
ƻ֪ҵʵΨԼҶҵʵôҴʱԼҵʵҲ˼£һĨ֮ɫӰһԼڵķ㼲ȥ
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Ժɫ䣬ˣɸ˿ȴһԽƽɵһ㣬ǼɫҰףһ


118 һ
ŭһԺֻٴתأܵԽƽǰһסԶɴܶȥ
ʱϮѾǵǰݲ˿
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䡭
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ĲҽԱԺּŭ˲ˣץŵȫԽƽ
սҰ
ӰһɴܶԶȥԺ˱һ
Ļ쵰ԺŭɶʱοôһСӡ
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ȭҪԼͻȻһĨЦµȭͷȻһգӰһӰ˲㵽֮⡣

Ӱվȣղվĵط㴫ԼļС
䡭
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СҪɱ㡣Ժһȣ˹ȥҲɵ֪ԼڻĶ֣֮սӰһһԱɱȥ
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119 
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۸һͨ˻ܣһһ򶷾ḻİ˾ذɣοʵǿ򶷾ޱȷḻ֮
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ȻҾͳȫ㡣ӶԷȭͷգԽƽ˹ȥ
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⡭
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ɡ
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ֵļԽƽ﷢ȴѾκεĶܣֻۿȭͷԼԽԽ
ݡ
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ݡ
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һ۵һ죬ԺֿһһҰ׵Խƽһ
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Ҳû뵽ȻԶִ£ҲˬһЦһ۲ԶȫɪɪԽƽԶִ£ԼҽǷһӴ
ԣԺһȻƻһЦȷʵԺǷִһ飬ԺִкҪܷԸ㵶ɽ𺣣ԺҲһü
һЦؿԺһЦֹȻˬ졣
ͬʱҲԺƻȻζԼϣȻǷ飬һִµôһȡ
˵ţһŤͷļȥʬ֮ǰɱλҪңԸλֵ֮顣
ǡλԺҲûзԣȴЩ棬֮ǰɱ֮ˣɱҲͱ˳ôҪʬȥأⲻǶһô
Ȼɻ󣬵ԺҲʣϾǶԷɱģԷôǶǵ£οΪǷ˶Էһ顣
š
ûӰԶ
ʢƿǿһˣɫȻһ䣬ʲô
ʢƿǿֵ̥ܣȫĿ࣬״ȫ򰣬üһģһϤǵԷֲ˭˭
ϴʢѧ츳ãǰƿǿҪһЩֻΪֵܣͨǳĬ֮£ȫԡ
˵ʲôģΪ׵ʢһЦؿƼҵĿˣǾȻı͵ϮȻʲô
˵䣬ǿƿѾ߳ҵļΧ˹ȥ֮ҲʾһƵĽ׼ˡ


120 ʬ
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뵽ԺһݣʹõĿֲսֻһʿȴֱӽʵоٶԺһӱû
һСϵõʹõĿֲսǿʵطԺףٿʬʱĿѱûȡ
ɣȫźáԺаԵ⣬漴뵽ԱߵԽƽüͷɵԽƽȻŶʵһҲδرȵϣִս֮УʲôãΪһ׸
˼£ԺԽƽүҽľٶ̫죬п϶⣬˵ʲôĺôڵʵ޷ȣкôҲûǵķݣү㿴ô죿
ĺôԽƽ˫һԺȷ
а˳ɵİաԺ϶˵
ȻˣţȥҰ֡Խƽ˫һתԺ˵һתɱȥ


121 
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ԽƽһߣԺҲٳɣȥĵɴܶȥ
ҵˡԺһǰһĨЦݣֱץ˹ȥ
Ȼֻû죬Զսúʢͬʱһȡס֡£߱˹
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⡭
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ֿһ죬Ǳ˺·ɫĹâţõԺ˫һһ۱ϳⶫֵ顣
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ⶫҵˡۿʢѾ׷Ժϵıףһѽ䱧𣬷ɱȥ
ԺϽҷ£ƼҶ㲻ʢŭܣг˱ɱ⡣
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Ժ䵽ҵϣ֪ʲôԼҪײ֮ϣװжԺνŭ졣
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ʱѾоʢ˵ĵʵ˵λһλҲǶ֡
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Сҵס֪ʱԼʱҲֻСԮ
磬˵ġСЦǰСеԺʹ˻
һͻȻײǽĳ嶯һ뵽ССħʣĸҰϣϡ
С첻幫֣ϢѾСеʱͻȻڰһת
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һ֮죬Ļ˲䱻ƣĲҽУһ߷ɵ򵹷ɳȥ˻ڰУѪֹ
˾䣬ԱߵԺʢҲһȻ˶ȥһֱ˳ʮףͣ¡
ȻûǱ˺üվȵ죬ʢԺͬʱ


122 ǿƻɱ
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Ļ쵰Ҫ˺㡣ԺʢϻһƬȻôһСӸˣˣһű˯һĻܵˣһŭȣ˹ȥ
òҪô˵Ҳʤ֪ǿߣȻԸôһСӣҪ֣ǻ֪֪߳ܡ쳰ŭһתܣ˿ɶǰܹԸġ
Ըּ黫С֣òŽôࡣԺٶ͵ıգۼ㵽ǰ䲱ӱ˹
֣˫һ˱ͨ죬ȻһתȭŰսԺı˳ȥ
໡
Ӱŷŭֱ֮Ժ
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ܡ
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СҪɱ㡣͵Ϯһòϵ˴ӵÿɱһĻ³һѪžҪ
λȥúϴɾӣűүȡǹһЦһȭǰȥ
໡
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ɫһӱòҰףŶһ漴ϷʵЦ

СһҪǧСͨʧĵطŭţʢԺͬ˫żȻһСӸˣˡ
ұˣһΣҪǣôڳȻʧء
ʢǿˣȥĿԼֵܣһԺһ֣
Ļ쵰һҪʬΡһԹ


 Ƶо


001 
գ۱㵽ʮ֮⣬һͣĴЦΪԼʵǿͿסңүҲô۵ģθһѵ´ҾҪǵ
磬㻹ˣѵֲۡС죬Ž͵ġ
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ڵĵǼ塣ЦһҲңȥҼ鷳
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С£㻹ɺռŲȥҪԸң㸸ĸҲµġ
ֻĸȻû£ô죿Ͼǵ֮ɫȻЩ˲û̫ϵףһ˳£ǻɣܣ첻Ըġ
СĬˣҲĬˣгġ
һСͻȻڵ磬һɱ¾֮жȹжԹ಻ʤ㸸Ƕףһ׼ģǵǣ⽫Ϊеһħϣ۷
ɫƬ̣ųҲܲǰ
磬㸸ĸǶͨˣҲߣȻ֪еϵһЩ׼ҪȻͱ˼ˡСȰ˵ڲ̫ǣҪúֻʵܸõıǡ
ʵ쵣ǣǿУҲΪ
⡭˼ð죬һҧС˵öԣҪΪǿߣоͲǣʵ̫㵣ҲûãռŲʱסӦû¡
ͨѹŵʯͷһʧ˶˲٣漴㿪ʼˡ
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ٳɣʹֱ۸ԭóҩ棬·˺ɲְ
óͼ쿴һֵۡ۹ս֮ڸǣǧҵٶȣҲҪʮ죬ÿԳʱˣһʮİĥǣ͵Ϣ
·ߣ˲ģ׷Զûߴ·ѡƫƧС·С
תۼȥŵͻȻӶһ£ɫ΢΢һ䣬ӰһԱһʯ֮󣬾ؿܣͬʱʶɨ顣
磬ΧûˣôˣСɻʵ
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Ƭ̣һ˺ۣһһûϢߵʬǰ
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ӰһԾһֻ÷ɴܶһ·ϾǴµĺۼľᣬϾǽãѺۣ֮һʮ׵Ĵӡ
һмʬ屻ҵγ֮⣬йֵ۹ĴԼҺӼˡ
켤ǣҵЩʬ˿ϵѪԽԽʣ֤ЩʱԽԽ
Ŵ򶷺ۼķ׷ȥ֮ͻȻΪʬ֮⣬򶷵ĺۼҲ׵ʧЩʬʲôû¡
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Χһ飬ҵĽӡ֮⣬ûһʬ壬Ҳûһܴˡ
ˡҡҡͷʧļŸǵķȥ


002 
߳ûԶһ񱩵õͷһݣ첽ܳƬ̱㴫ĺ
ǰɱ˴Լһ·ȫѪɫҰףϵĻαˮϣеϵһأƴֳ֮С
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ڲԶ߲Ƶʬ嵹ЩѪ
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˭һء
һź£Ѫ֮£һѪ˵һЦͻȻһѪɫĹâţΧĿȻȼγһƬ޴ĻƣõΧ¶ȶȻ
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䡭
˲һʮһ㣬ǲĴõԶ춼һġ
ţֲ籩дϯݺݵĺ˵ϣ˾һʯӰ׷ɳȥ
籩ȻݣΧһС
Ƭ֮󣬵籩ɢȥ֮ʱΧһжʧʣµֻһ׿ĴӣֱڴӵıԵһԴȫʯм
첢ûм߹ȥվԶﲻϵţȻǺܿ㽫ϵʯмǵȴʼûվѪȪˮһӿ
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Ϊʱ˶ǿ֮ĩƾڵ˭޷ɱ˭ΨһϣǱȶԷһָ
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ۿʱѵٺһЦǰȥ
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ŶһȻı飬ŤͷߣܵĿ⣬üͷһ壬ۿۣ죬ЦȻǹֵ۹֮ˣ֮䣬ҵĸǺǿһжÿʵֻҪʵߵһԷùӴ֪Сֵܾ˵ÿɶԣ
ͷڵʲôϵأҵʵﲻ̶Ȱɣ
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һۺߣֿߣЦ֪ˣҺ֪˵ô࣬󵽵Ҫʲô


003 ջ
Ȼо̬ЩԾҲֻץһ߻ᣬ˵ղѾ˵ˣμ̻ģĽԼ򵽵Ķȫϡ
ҵУ޼ҵƷԸ⽫ϵƷСֵܣֻСֵ̧ܸ֣֮ĶԹ
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˵䣬һĨŨصɱ⣬õֶź߱һȭȥ

ƿȻȭͷһȭݺݵĺں֮ϣݣѪȪһڵϣƬ̱ûϢ
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ʮʯжʮƿԼһЩװҩкһЩʯ֮⣬ʮŽ뼸žᣬЩһӻ
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ڿռƷܷͬĿռƷ֮УǽŽһĿռƷУȴһĿռƷֻлý䡣
۾⡣ٺһЦߵڰѶóɡ
ûгɣȡһֵݸ죬ϣسŵ
ģҾسŵͷ־ץȥ
ȻֻûͻȻһתһӵڵأһѰ߳Ķذ˹ȥ
ܵذϺ⣬ɫһûоţսӿֱһһȭͷСڵһսһ
á
ԭ͵Ϯɫһ䣬ǴĶذϽһתս˹ȥ
Ҫ֪ڿǿ֮ĩսһ壬ԿҪ
䡭
ذ׺ݺݵĴս֮ϣõս򵱳ըǿеذ׶ɳȥͬʱսΪĿҲ֮ϡ
ȫһԭƽϢһ֮¸ϼˣѪֱ
ۡ
һѪȫϢٶһڵϵ嶼ε˼£һͷԵڵء
ݡ
ӰһǰûӦһѽ䲱סȻģҿ㻹ڵȥɡ
һʹһԴҲĵ¡
һ飬ղóǸ֮⣬ҲûʲôƷҲȴԼѳһࡣ
ȻЩ٣ȴû˿ʧЩ˷ܣûзʲôȴջ٣ǳʯʮ飬ⵤҩҲŽʮƿջѾ⡣


004 ð䣨һ
ĥǵشʤ۹вǳȻϲϳǣʤҲǳ˵۶뼸֮ĳǳ֮һ
һɫҴҵܵǰصˣִ˴ҪѰһꡣ˵ţ㽫һŻݸ硣
ִ£ûнӻ񣬷üͷһ壬ǸһСϳ˴㽫
ص
һС˵ˣҲʸңϸֳЦݣҲǰһһ֮Ȼŵ˳ҲһףλҪ߳һЩȻм
ǵõУֻвʮ꣬½˵ʮ꣬УһСӡ
ˣҴӼ֮еõϢ˵ŲٱصĶ˵֮ϳԿΪжǿһط˲佫ʵʿ
սǿ󣬾ҲӲӣ֮⣬ϻһףҲ̲ƣ⣬컹пܵõӵĴУҲΪЩϳ˿ڼõϵĶ˭ҵ϶Ǵһ
Ŷԣ˫һɣȻһǣϢȴͨλҪ֧֣´󹦣֮λһʵۣΪԺΪ峤϶
ȥĻʦһٷݣҷַҪֻ֤Ҫһܲȥ˼£⣬ɳСӣҽʮһ飬죬ҡ
ǡȥ
ǰĥô쿴ǰǸߴʮ׵ĳǽŽﲻ̲ס̾ЩǹȻǸǿɱȵİ
ЩʲôҲ;סʮ˶ѣĴǣǲŽĴǡСм
Ժʵˣһȥһĵ
ųŶȥһ·ûܵɵı㵽˳
ڳת˰ȦͻȻüͷһ壬ʶɢֺܶ˶ùĿԼŤͷʱһϽͷŤһߣͺʲôûһȴ֣ȻڴԼ
ô£ɻӽǣЩ˱ĿؿңʵЩԾ
ҲúܲԾСҲͷ磬Ҫ뿪ɡ
ˡͻȻɫһһĨ֮ɫֵһͷ
ǿϢԶǰ¶µߣɢϢǻս֤Ƕ֡
Ϊ֮һеȣ߱ɫͷǰĥǵ硣
翴һЦĮ϶ʱ¶һĨЦݣ칰ֵүҰĥǣԣү͹⵽ҳһ𣡡
˭Įʵ֮ǰʶʲô»ֱ˵ĺá
ǰĥǵĳƷ磬ԳƼҡǺһЦ֮ǰѵõ֪ͨүһԳɵ
ԭƷʧʧɫȻһչһ񣬵ǾƷˡ
ү롣һƣҲƽŶУЩһɢ󣬲ȴĽΧֹܡ
磬⼸˺ܲԾСص쵱ҵȻף˵ԼƼ֮ˣҿԼһ֮˸ҪȻôһôˣһɢΧס
һ£Ƽ֮ˣ϶Ҳƻ¡
Ȼ֪ΪʲôһȥСɻصһ˳ɾǵĵ̣뿪ɾͲˡ
Ȼס̾һֻǴʱ˲ֲܶǺϤʵһ붼ӲǶϣͲǶ֣ҲֻܿǵҪˣʲôˡ
Ҳ̫ģΣգһſռŲȫ뿪
ʱҲ֪үҪʲôطȥĳܹæģүҪ


005 ð䣨
ҲĴߣһЩʶûĿġЦ֮ǰһȺ˴һһˣ⣬Ϣ죬ˡ
û⣬ֻҪϲסöû⡣һЦǴ󷽵ĵ
лƳͷ
˵֮Ѿشĥģռܿ߸ǽټſһվϾ
׼Ʋˣúõдһԭ컹ΪھƲ¶ȴʲô鶼ûз
û뵽ǣԹ˫һһ죬翴˴ȥϢʹգûбֳһĵ⡣
ѵҸоˣ簲ŵĿͷס£һȦֲûʲô֮ԼҲɻ
ԲܡСǳ϶صȻһֱûбֳ⣬ʱּʽ㣬õôһսζʩ˳Ǵս֮ǰľٶûж㶯֣ҹƿ϶ı
֮һһԼ˵һһȻ֣Ȼ粢ûжԼֳ⣬ڷԼǼҲһֱİнԼΧţͺԼһ㡣
ʶȻɢоһ·ΧԼڷ֮УȻ޵ϢȻϢȵ컹Ǹоٶﵽ
Ȼ⡣һĨ⣬ڴϣ˳ʩչļ֮С
֮У뼸λڴ˴һ϶˷֮ɫͺʲôϲһ㡣
ˣΪʲôھͰץһ׳˶ÿͻȻһɻؿڽץ˺ܶôαػԮôһݹͣ÷һ롣
԰ˣСӲһʿͲ֮ǰԵôǵʵ׾ٱܽ¡һŨü۵
ɲ򵥡絭ȻһЦҪ֪ϳԿĿɲֹһˣ֮ǰںڽɭ׷ɱɺƻµĵƶӣþͬϳ˿Ȼ˻ȴѳΪһƻΪ˶סƼ֮ڣһƽС
֮⣬ҸղŵõϢڽϣԺʢֵܴڳȴܴɣԼֻʣԺһˣʢֵ֮еƿɱŵҸҲʧأǷҲˡ
ǿ룬һʢֵԼԺҲǷôǶòСӣѵĸλǿ
һȫɫ䣬˵Īصˣһʿѣôӵùô׷һǵΧ֮ɱôˣ
˵ʱıȻЩɡ
֪Щ¶˽⣬Լ֮ǰ֮еһЩֹϵУҲܵõЩϢ
ȻһЦһȻӵùܲ٣˵ŵǹıףпʵֱطսˣʩչҲӲӡ
ôһ˴ʧɫ
ͷҲðƼ֮ˣʱס֪ͨɸȻʱҪǷһݣΪףóȻ֣ʧˣʱ֮˻ڮǡ
Ӣĵ
Ƽ֮еĸһϵû֮ǰСģùһֻҪȼĸֵʱץסСӣҲûйϵܹҵĴ֮ȵһ֮һ˿ɱȡ
ס
ͣ˳¶һĨЦסôסԷҪȻ֪ԷԾΪλҪס죿
ܹһ֮ȻȻðƼ֮ˣҸֱҪҲ֪ʲôĸ֣ôҲϵİͷ˼˵һҲδܹԸˡ
ڽ뿪ɶԷʱ̶ţֻҪԼһжǿ϶֡
ͷ˼ȻϻſռŲϢ뿪ȴԸʹãΪĵƣһʹãԺ˱֪ͻз


006 һ
Իý֮óȫ
һ¶ϲЦݣó̵ʯ̻
һʱ֮󣬵еĿ̵Ѿ鲼ĵС
óȫһԴսһע֮УԼƽԼղ֮ϡ
֣ãţ̷ϵķཻγһӰ
Ӱʵ𾪵ǣȻһڴϣ죬ɢϢȫһģһԲ˻Ǽٵġ
Ȼͬ죬ȫԼ档ǰԼΪԼˣصͷ
磬ҪǴ֪֮Ȼ󷨽һˣֱӻôӵƴСϷʵĵ
ǿҲҪòУֻҪһӰԻ֮ˣŪҲ˷ѡһЦȴɫ΢졣
һ󣬿ֻԻˣ˵ʥҲ͸ʵмеĶڣ㽫ɵ߼֮Ҳȫԡ
󷨲֮ͬڣԸݲߵҪ󷨻ûɸָ̬󷨵ĴСû֮󷨵ĵȼҲͬ
ǻûԼģһ򵥵ģڶ󷨵գҲֻܲôһ󷨡
ССӵĺһһת磬ȻŪôһٵƭǣôȥأ
򵥣ȻǰҶţҸ޷ӳȥȴûءٺһЦ֮һתѾΪһצ
ֻ£СĽذƿȻצ㻯ΪӰŵץȥÿץһѣܻڵһӡ
ô£Сô촫Ա︺ɫһ䣬ӰһȻ˷ţ˲嵽췿⡣
磬ˡСŵĶ캰
֪ͷһЩץĻȫսý֮У漴ֽذϡ

žһˣײüͷһ壬ųɻô£ʲôˣ
үǣΪ׵ȭһ㶣ɻʵ
ȭӦصѵǲ֪ÿ϶Ҫȭô
Цһǻ治֪ղүﴫ죬Ϊʲô£ү½⡣
ԭͷЦҲ£ôܹأûǾͻȥϢɣһҪһ󣬷ˣɾͲá
ү˵ͷ˳ȥ˳ֽҲϡ
СԺ⣬õ棬ҴҸһĻػ֣˳ȥ㼱ʵô£
û¡Ϊ׵һЦСȭŪø˴һ㡣
һӣҹȭ˵춼ҪܹɵóôΪһղŸų췿ŭ
ҲܹԿԭɡЦЦҪ͵ɣֻҪϢʧ͵ȥڣֻҪȵͺˡ
ס
ڣ쿴ŷűϣ¶һĨЦݣŽҾŪٴĶҲˡ
ȥ淴ϣῪذ壬ص
ķӣѵͲϢôôһϣûУԱ߸ļһŭѣҪ֪Ƿ֮д֮ŪǲϢɡ
ûǵķŭŵصʱ֮󣬵صѾڳʮŴӵص֮ذϡ
ûˣ˴ҹļͻȻûȫɫһ䣬û˿ԥڵķ˹ȥ
ûϴô³çǷڴ￴ȥ
ȭˡŤŤϣȶ˫ۣû
߿ľٶһֻҪ컹ڣһжû⡣
ѵС϶Ϣһɻص
˭֪أȫҡͷ롰ҲʹϢҪȻôôôǿʵôĸֶû˿İ취


007 󣨶
ǽÿһӾ͹һ£Բܳʲô⡣Ϊ׵һܾЩģ
Сȫͷʲô£ǲȫޣܷ˭ԸҲһҹѡ
ڣо˶ˣԴһԾó֮ǰöٴβ󣬶Լÿذ壬ȥֽ֮ذԭⲻĸϡ
µף˼£ôʵ̫ˣôҲøһѵǡ
СʵСܹĥǵıô
ȵȣҸоһ¡СĵƬ֮СͻȻ磬ıǰʮ״ҸоһɻȵϢǵȼߵĻԿʯ٣ǧ
ԭСȻĥҲһǣϾѾ꣬ͱ˸ֹˣһ֮ȻȨ޴󣬵Ҳ֮ˣʲôûˣҲûȥ̽飬Ͼ˵ЩʲôģûһãҲȥŪ
ôôࣿ󾪣ǧ൱һСοˡ
֪ڡСɴĴߴٵ
ҲɣǻΪצֻΪһӰϵűڵķȥΪŪ̫ĶҸ֣춼ǳСġ
һʱ֮
ϡӳצͻȻһ֮һƬ𻨡
ǡһ鿴ɫһǳ壬Һжʮ֣磬ôŪ˵ı̬ķѵⶼŪһˣ
ǴؼϣȻȲЩ켶ĲϣҲӲ̶ȣԲͨԱģȥצܹܵˣǶҲضСʱᾪˡ
ʱǳ֮ɢȵϢͺպһ㣬֮£ûټڡ
磬ҵġС׹һϷ䵽հ֮ϡȻ𲢲㶥ϣȻ޸ңҪֽǣȴ׾١
ȫӳϵĸ£Щĳ岻ϱȻڻˮһ㣬ض֮С
һӣΧ֮ڵгѻΪˮʧֻʣһ󶴡
ˡһ׻صϣС˷ܵҲ˹磬ȥǱˡ
СԽԽˡ˾䣬Ӱһ˽ȥ
սȥһɻȵϢӭͺ߽˻ɽڣǹƬ̱ȫˮ͸ˮ·Ƕµˮʱ춼ɣԼһӣ᲻ᱻ졣
߶սŸеһ˿⣬ܿ㱻ǰľ𾪡
ǰһСɽСɽܶһܲʵãСɽɢȹΧҲȫΪСɽ
ʯȻôʯѹóͨĸֱ֮ӾˣĻһ֮һ𾪵ؿǰʯɵСɽһɻʯҲʯõģܹ߼ҿΧȫɳķЩʯѾõãΪʲôûнң
磬̫ˡСЦЩʯֵƣԼװܹʵһأԺûҵ֧֣Ҳһ֮
أһ󹦣ȻҲõٵĽԲܵõЩʯֵȵĶ
һ£СҿҪûʮ㣬Ҳ֪ͨңֱӾͰץˣȻ㽻Լ
ԣһ㶣ҲС˵𿴴ǿʢ½ǵļǺǿģԽִ壬֮ҲԽǿƽĵطҲԽ࣬ЩȨȥΪʲôմȨΪԼı
ڹΪһ֮Ҳһȫһ˵㣬ңҲֻм볤ϱĵλߡ
ڵʵ뵱ϣܣϾĴĳ϶ʸ֣Ҿ㵱ϳϣʵߣҲȻλ󣬵ҲûжʵȨһ֮ң£ȻҪΪԼ㡣
磬Щʯˣ㡣СǷӦ㻯Ϊһʯ
ʯȻʧСٴλΪһصԼϣЦҡҡͷĿת򱦿ط


008 
ǳ֮󣬳ףΪʯ¶̫ߣһ㶫ܲˣѷʯķʮ֮ڣûκεĶ
ڱһͷȴѷŲڵõףЩǵؼҲǴͨ˵ĵ
֮⣬һЩʯҩҩȣЩĵȼֵͣҲǳ֮ߣ˵ý֮С
ߡһͺȣض֮УȻȥ
һʱ֮ڳһƫƧֵ֮ϣ󣬻һض
ҿһۣһƬڣҶ˯ϸûһˡ
ЩҾͲˣǰɡٺһЦһӣֵ֮ͻȻһСɽЩղڳװڻý֮е
˿Ӱһųɱȥ
߳һƬǰףһƬһ𣬽ҹĺɢǴů
ǿϢԳ䵽ǰŵʧɫһѰγ˾ص˭˳˵»뿪
ûлش𣬶һ߰ؿųҲ˵ŭѡ
ԭǶִ´ݹ٣СԡһˬʵЦλԴ
ֵܿο´󹦣峤֮λز٣Ժ󻹵ֵܶչһǡһƽƽϢǿʢǺǻҵĶִ¾
ִ¿һЦֶԱߵ߹˹֣˵λȻҲʶϵϢѾ֪˿ҵ
ԼҲҵæֻЦȴû˵һ仰
λһ·ͣ뵽ЪϢƬ̡Ĵȥµ˵
أҪǻȽץס˵ҡҡͷûץУǲ̤ʵϵĶԼ˵̫Ҫ
ȻˣǾλ˵ͷס֮ȥһ׷磬һֱڼ죬ִ˵˵
ǡһ΢֣С۾վСӽ֮󣬿ʼһʱ䣬ʹҵ죬³ʲô⣬˽ȥȭ
һֱ˴ԼһʱŰˣʲôٴδӴ˿ͣȭ
ûдκεĶΪ˱ǳһֱϢ֮⣬ÿһӱ㵽鿴Է͵ܡ
ýصͷλȥһʵǼǹġ
˴ϲллִ¡
ס䣬ҲٿֱŶ룬˽ȥ
һڴ죬ɢΧˮйͨ
죬㻹װģʲôһ֮ǰĿЦô˳һҲ֪ܲ۾ɡ
һԣȻû˿Ķõ˲ɵüͷ֮УҲܸоôĶ
죬ɱҸΪװӵõôһЦصǸ˾ˬһ㣬Ƕ֡
ԭΪˣɵ˰죬Ȼûһ㾲
ŭҼߡ
ǡǻ־ץȥ𾪵ǣǵָ壬ˮһ㵴漴ǵҲ֮д˹ȥ
˱仯ʵ̫죬Щ˶֣ǱһŵȫһʶĺһץǲŵþܾСӣ
ԡͬʱɫһ䣬׷׳ȥץסһǴϵ쵱һεࣵһΪƬƬãʧֻǰŲģȫʧʯ
ô£磬ҲһĲҰף֪ôֻͣöǼȵأ
⡭λһҰףһۣ﷭ұÿһ䣬ȴûĲټ
ôһֱţķˣôܾͲˣһʧķ裬߶ϣҲת
ͻȻ֮䣬һذ嶯һ£һ㶣㽫ذƿ¶һ㹻һȥĵض
Ļ׷ʲô£϶ض±ˡ
׷һͺȣ˷׷ض֮С


009 
һ·ǰܵǰɫԽԽѿˣΪоͨԼĲر⡣
ǲʯЩҪװԼʵģ֪֮ǰ׼ȫ
Ȼǽȥ绹ûôģЩʯѵõʱ䣬˿˽ģɾ鷳ˡ
ҪԴϽ壬֮еЩϿ϶ŭʱ֮λ϶Ա
ⶴѨ̫С̫࣬߶в㣬׷磬ǰȥͨͨʲôطǴ׷ϺܶࡣͻȻվסĸ˵
׷翴һϵı飬ʱ˼ͷǣˡ
ãһ׷ȥĺãҵСҲó֡׷绹δһͺȣǰ˹ȥ
һߣһҲɫĮĸȥԶȥıӰɫһƬҰףȴڰοԼİɣµģֻرܽ滹һǽǿǽҲ֪ʯ
뵽Լļ̣΢΢һ˶ȥ׷ʱסˣΪʱҪһ󶴣ǸԳǽϿġ
Ҫȥʧ
ȥû磬һһͺȣǰһ˽ȥţһҲ˽ȥ
ĻаɣϽ׷ȥһأ˶ɵۣµļȫɵۡ
ʲôȻȫڳ˴ʯһؿտҲʲôû¡
ôôҵıҵıһ㣬ڱ֮ȥ૲ݡҵսףҵ޵ҩҵĿʯҵʯ
ƷȫȻΪɵʯʱɫȴ͵һ䣬ʱµһڱ֮дһȦͻȻԵϼһСָСϾŻ̵Ŀʯǰ
ΪĴ֮һĶִ£ļʶ쳣ķḻǿһۣܵɢϢ϶ղ˵ʯ
ɨһرأȻȫó죬ʱˣһһ֪ͨ壬ɳǰ
ǡȥ
һԭ·أһɽųȥ
µļλһۣٿ߷磬£׷׸ɱȥ
Ƕɵ͵ɷʴףڼ֪ʯĿʯϽ϶ˣ˵ܵطٸֻеù
ʱȥ׷죬׷û׷Ƕ̬ȣܷҲܶ࣬ã׷ǵȫԼȥ
ĥǰ֮һС·ϣһʯͷϣһƺյĺžƣ¶ЦݡʱҵĸӦõ˰ĥ˰ɣ֪֪Լصʯȡߣ᲻裿
Ҳ֪֪϶ɳˣһᱻҺݺݵطСֻĵ
ô£˼ʵ
һСָСʯССĥЦ밡ЩҸֵ֮󣬷ִϵֻһƭǵļ󣬵ʱ϶ڵߵңڳĶ϶ܹ֡
ʱɽȥᵽ֮УֻҪĸֲɵӣǱؾȻó죬滹Ŷѷʯµȣټϵϵһʯ᲻֪ʱٺٺ١
С̫ˣȻһСħԣҲٺٵЦεȴľǷǳصطҪ֪֮һֱ׳ȥ˹ͬά
Сʱû֮ʱ嶼ᾡǳɳ󣬱ΪףԱŸԴ
ÿ󱲶ܹɳΪ幱ף֮źܴһݶΪ⣬ԭȥǸԴҲ˷ˡ
˷ǱزٵģΪû˭֪˭⣬˭⡣
˷ѾͱдԴʵԣÿԳɳΪĹ׿úأҵﲻ壬ĴǷǳصġ
ȻⲢ˵ЩĸֵõĶͱȫ壬һ˵õı뽻屨棬ԼҪͬʱһ㶼
ǲҪĶ֮󣬼ҲӦĹͺͽֻЩǲܴﵽƷļֵǶĲݣڼ
֮ǰû屨棬˽أһ㶫ԼҪģҲ׷ʯô࣬һ˸ò꣬屨棬ʹ˼ĵߡ


010 
ǻһħСҵģôණõģֻҪʯһһС͵˵ţСֿЦ
ҶǱСħġ粵ǰҿǺܴġ
ߡСֵһǸ磬С̻˵ģСǰɹˣ㣬һħ
ԣһЦǴħһСħ
ĥеǿٽǣԱ鷳ȻⲢ˵ǣǿǵԼֻˣʵӲǣܣʲôˡ
ÿһΣգԼĵƾͽ¶Խ࣬ʱá
תۼȥ
磬˻ôС촫
Ѿ˾ųɣûˡ춯˶֣Ц
⼸죬һֱŵ͵һЩƫƧ֮أһԱܿҵ׷飬˳ûкõĿʯ
ʧǣʲôûҵ
磬ҪȥСص˵Σյģ˸յһ̾ˣʬ嶼ûС
ΣվͲˡЦӳΪΣձ춼ߣҲûʲôµġ
ս֮¹ʲô壬ԺҲٵļ԰ĵĵ
ðɣɵСһ㣬ǧˣҪȻҪȥˡС˵Ҫҵһ˿ˣҪ䵽ϣСͲˣϴǸͷŰСжСҹصռﲻ׼ҳ
һЦС˵ÿʵĲ֪ĸ˵õĲǰֺٰãҪȻǸͲ
֮ǰİԾȻСһһͷҪСҪЩ̫󣬰ԾҲԲᷴԵġ
ϾԾ첻ͬԾһҪչҪԴ̫࣬Щ棬ԵΣԶСǿö࣬ÿʱỵ̈취Լǿ
ͬҵشǣΨһļ壬ұʵǿҪ뷢չһʱ̾ܳɹģЩԴ󲢺ܴűС
˱߱ģתǰȥ
ͻȻһȻ΢Ȼ쵱סɫ΢΢һ䣬ǰ˴򶷣֡
Ҳо˴򶷲СҲ
ȥӰһΪһ⣬ǰɱȥ
֮⣬һʯ֮ǰ״ΧһףѪ꣬ʱɫҰף˱Ƶýڽڰˡ
ȻϵѾƲһ۱ϳʤеףһͳǧ˵Ĵӳס
Ȼ쿴˭ǹӳʱֵĺӦǵйˣ֮ˣĴĸ֣ҲҹҪȻɡ
ΪɱǵıͿԵóɣѾɳ£һ·ȥԪ˧¡ӳһһ˵ĴɣЦǾ͵ıʬɽѪɡ
ʬɽѪӦʤһ˺ǲмص㲻ɳôҲ¸㣬󳽴ʱǾ͡
ʲôӳɫ䣬ǾȻץסˣ
ץס˾ͺܺЦЦһ㣬ЦһһŵصҲ¸㣬ԭҹֵ۹ˣⰲŵߵģΪľǽ죬ֻҪץסʱ󳽱ϵƣʤľӴǵİΧ֮С
ֻҪ˶Դɺµʮҹֵ۹ɳֱ룬ɱʤʱԱߵķ裬Ͽ϶Ҳ̲סһʱʤǿҲͬʱֵĸҵĽֻе
ʲô󳽾ȻǵˣӳʧɫϵֵԷҲΪ֮ͣһ˲䣬һ˿׼ᣬӳһ˹ȥ
áӳʶǰһӣǴ˹ȥĽջӳԷһ˱һ
ϡ
һ֮ӳ˸ţ׷ɳȥͬʱһҲ̵ǰ
ҪôܣҲһʤˡӳʵŭ𣬿˵κεķӦֻؿԼ


011 ȫ
ݡ
һӰȻӳţһȭͷżƿһһ̣δȺ˵̽ӳ壬ȭͷѺݺݵĺںԴ֮ϡ
䡭
һ˸ûüκεķӦԴѱըϵҲӳǰǽѾ˴ӳƤ
ͻȻޱõԱߵһ綾һ˹ܣһȭ˹ȥ
ȭ磬˲
䡱
һȻȭͷϵսĵֵס˺˵Ǿ޴֮£˵㱻
Ʋˣǰ壬˫ȭ磬ϺˣƵú˽ڽڰˣǻæֵ
䡭
һûֵסȭͷݺݵĺ֮ϣõɳȥҲڵء
Ӱһ嵽ǺǰһŲ䲱ϣõҶֻҪһʹĲӱΪ顣
˭˾ֵؿǲգңҹֵ۹Է
ɱ㣬ǵıȥԪ˧ҲܵõĽһĨЦŤͷӳ
СֵܷģҿԵֻҪ㽫ɱˣǵıȥԪ˧һܹΪӳϽ˵֮ʣǶһĨѪ
˾ͺáһЦǺ˻Ҫ˵ʲôɴʱһʹĲѾˡ
ûȥĺˣߵӳǰϵˣԻýóһƿһöҩ͸°ɣкô
ӳҲûпӹҩţһŨҩõһ񣬵̾õҩСֵܣҶȫǷһһԺʲôҪֻܷԸǵɽ𺣣Ҳգһգ۾
˵ţ㽫ҩۣ
첢ûдߵϣһ飬ѳдһֵƣ֮⣬û
߻ʱȫѾ굤ҩ۾ʱɫһϢ֮ղȶ˲١
Сֵʤ۹˰ɣȫʵʱѾ֮ղűˡ
졣ҴϢһɸղ˲ֻѣôΪ
Ȼʤӵܣ¾ͺˡȫ죬¶һĨЦǶԴԪ˧µһӳǰʱоֵ۹춯ȥ̽ȴҷ֣ԭֵ۹ǰֻһЩʱĳǷ
ôΪľΪǵоȫýʣµӴӺڷ¹ֱϮǸأʱرǱضңǰľսǾͿԳлǵʮ
һܣǱԳֱ룬ʤʱضʱڸܣпֱɱǵ۶ʱ۹ңĴضѸٻԮ
ǣһҲǻ֮ǿ϶ŹôһûᣬʱʤͬʱĹս֪
õϢҵ;ˣϽܣȴ֪ôϢԷ֪һ·׷ɱԭҴŵһٶȫսҸǱֺٶʿΧɱ
˶ҸɱҲˣʣҲΪСֵĳ֣ҵ͵öˡ
Ŷȫ˵ϵı飬쿴û˵ѣüͷһ壬ɻ֪ڷµҪ޵Ԩ·ûһôܴ
ͨ˵ڷȷʵҪиǰҲǲܹġȫ˵ţСֵܣһ£㽫ŰҽԪ˧ǹϵʤ۹δ
ӹţ쿴һۣŲûзڣɻ֮ʣȫ㿪ڵ鼱֮дģҸղŶ˵ˣ㣬ûκܿԣⲻڶνڼԪ˧֮һҪпͽһ˵
Ȼǻû֤֤󳽾ͽҲòСģǹϵʤǧǧ˵ұ׷ɱһҲΣ֮ǰǸûй¶ϢΨһпܵľڼ顣
ôҪĶΪʲôԼͻȥǲһμѣôŵùңҶԪ˧Ϊһ֮ôһܼõģ


012 ͵
ȣʤˣȻҲ֪ңȻңӦڸҲһСļ壬㲻ᱳѡȫ죬¶һĨЦڶҲڵΣղŸҵĵҩûм죬Ҹָܻҹֵ۹ļƻҪʩУҾõϢ׼Ա֮ڸϵͻ
߰ڵ˵ϵҲѣұ˴ΪţСֵ֮⣬Ҳûбˣ⣬СֵղŲΪǺ˵նҾŵù㡣
һ£ȫһɫƣֻҪ㽫͸ӵұ֤ܹԼԪ˧
ӹƿһۣƱԵһСγɣУ˸ҫ۵Ľ⡣
ԼҲǴȥ˳Ūƽǰ׵ôһûɲҪ
ô죿콫𣬿򶫷ȫ
ƾȻûκ飬ȫƬ̣漴ҡͷҪȥɣûµġ
Ŷȫ˼һ£ǱʮﴦһӣҸղŹʱô·һǽ͵ȥɣҲ˶ʱ䡣
ðɡȫûԡ
챳𶫷ȫһ֮ǰķɱȥʱ֮һСӣĴ񶼺챳һߣҴ촦֪ȫΪ˵ֵֵ۹ֲܵˣ˶Լ
콫ȫ͵˴峤Ϊ峤һЩˣĸһЩңŸǷɱȥ
¹ؽҪ˿ͣһ·ɱ˾·ĳһƥˣҲϢˣ·
˲Ҫķɱһ֮ǡ
ش߾һ޽ľǣǽʮף沼˵ӡۣǽʯҲ类ѪȾɺںɫɢһĪɷһֲĸо
Ϊڴ̣ﲢûƽסȫǾʿſں󣬵㱻ŵľʿסվסصأκ˲ÿɱۡ
ǾĿ⣬Լ֣ɣֻҪԼκεľٶԷĻɣ϶дľʿΧࡣ
Ҫ飬ҪԪ˧˵ţȫøǸƵݸŵľʿ
ʿǳĽȥƣһֻҲͬʱԱߵļһƺڸвԣͶ֡
ӹƣʿֻһۣɫһ䣬Եȣȥͨʱûо裬еֻǹ
žʿǷɱȥӰüͷһ壬аԲ²⣬ȫӦòͣնܾܿǶżҪ
Ƭ̣Զȥľʿһʮ߰꣬ɫ۰ףʮֵĿΣȫӪ˹
ǸҪԪ˧ˣ꿴˿죬ʵֻһʿʱüͷ΢΢һ壬ֿ˿ŵƣܸôõƵô
꣬üͷһ壬ʵػش·׷ɱһҹ㽫£ͽøңһŸԪ˧
ԭ˵ͷҽɡ˵ȥҲ
ţܿ㱻һӪ֮УЦȰŽҰɣԪ˧ƽʱæҲδܹҲйأҪԪ˧òϱУҽһСӳԼûȨԪ˧ϱС
ܷԪ˧Ԫ˧֮
ðɡͷ˼һ£Ȼò̫ԾҲ˵мֵӻнŵݸꡣ
Ϣһӹż˵ͷתӪʡ
Ӫ⣬꼱УʱеżƣͻȻ¶ı顰ƿǶӳģȻԼƽһİˣΪһţﵽ˵ʲô
ſ˿ͻȻ䣬˫һžȻûзڣĴҿһֲۣûע⣬Ӱһ㵽һƫƧ֮Ŵ򿪿ˡ
տʼ겻Ϊ̫أɵʱһӱòҰףȫ̲ס
³ˡ꾪ʧĽֽװŷ֮Уð춼ڼٵشŴеżҲıڻС
ܿ죬ϵľ֮ɫʧȡ֮ǱĪı飬Ҳԥ


013 
˻ԲܴͻȻɫüᶨһɹҾԿԳΪ
վҿһֲۣûעһݵļǰȥ
Ƭ֮һӪ֮Уһʮ꣬Ĳߣ׳ʵȫɢһɱ֮һ֪һսˡ
꽫һ꣬ϸһĨ簮ôˣ
һŶӳҪԪ˧˵ǶӳһŸԪ˧˵ͽżһݸ꽫
꽫ӹƣһۣͷȷʵǶӳġ˵ţǷżһۣɫһ䣬һĨŭ⣬ȵôĵӣȻżˡ
Ҳģʱ겢ûаη壬꽫һ¡
ʲô£꽫ż𿪵ģ꽫һҲºˡ
ס
ߵ꽫ǰڶ˵տʼ꽫ɫ䣬ţϾͱ֮ɫȡɫǱһƬҰףٵ󣬸Ǳŭ֮ɫ⡣
ˡ꽫ͻȻһȣû꽫˵꣬һؿ֪꣬ʲô𣿾Ȼð˭ôĵӣ
ӳĹȻҲҶҲû˸ҹСһһʿûκεıΪ˹ʺˣװ׵õôһͣƾʲô꿴꽫ףѵ뿴һƴ㿴Լƴʮ꣬ÿǹּ֮гɱųϦӣɵҲһӳѡ
ѵҲһ˵սһҲңݹ䵽ҵͷϣұܳΪӴ˹ҫ棬Ҳÿ쵣¡
С꽫ҪȫҶҪۡ
ף㲻˵Ҳ˵ʱ취ǳСӺͼ֪˽˭֪Ȱ˵
ǲУҸŽʮ꣬һû飬Ҿô꽫ᶨȫûء߰ɣʲôû˵ֻǽƺһתԪ˧
ѵҪڱ˵ĵ£ɫȻ꽫ɱˣֻôһӣѵҶӾԺˣյ˶ûУ
ԣ꽫ɫ΢΢һ䣬ֻһӣϣϣԭöھӽҵϧӲ̰ÿ˽սǶ󣬼ʲôͶûУСӳԼȨŵġ
꽫仯ɫһϲ֪Լ˵׵ˣɫ䡣
ৡ
ֻһѽγͻȻԼĲӣﶼǵ쵣£ɡ
һȻݺݵظԼĲӣֵĹûһ֡
ϡֻ꽫֮һѰγһӣһ֮ѾɳĲȴһѪԼղųģ꽫һ㣬ͻᱻԼϲӡ
ΪʲôΪʲôȥѵҪﵣµĹţܹˣֹܹңѵһ㻹ֹң
㡭꽫꣬ǿϵǵѪۣ־ŭָð춼û˵һ仰
ˣˡ꽫йƤһ㣬һƨϣصϲôôɣȽ鷳֮ҲܴӦ㣬УЩ鷳ý֮ǰͻᵢ¡
ԣһϲ׷ģһҺܿ˵ţɱȥ
ȥıӰ꽫һʹ࣬ð̾治֪ôǶԻǴϾΨһĶӡ
ܿǰһЦݵؿСֵܣƺżѾ͵Ԫ˧ϣ̫Ԫ˧Ҳ֪٣Ҳܲᣬټ׼Ӧ֮ߣʱûʱ㡣
һ£⣬Ԫ˧һȥֻҪһˣʱõõĹһ㶼ġ
ðɡͷվһȥ
һţ۱ǰѵأȫɢųɱľʿȻǵʵǿҲʿʦкֻ֮֮ܶɱһɱõ춼еһ
СֵܲؾţǶҵ£ҪһȥӶӳ굱͵
˵ͷ첢ûж˵ʲôֻǿǼղڴ⣬סľʿʱȴ΢ɲһü
һͺȣʿų֮ȥ


014 ı¶
֪Сֵܽʲô߱ʵ
죬Ըǡ
ǣ˼һ£ҡͷûһӡӦûȥСֵᣬʵ֮ǿһǸܲĵطֻϧʮŸӪûʱ
ǺǡЦЦû˵ĻʱѲ鲻ԾȣΪӳ˵µľ˾Ĵսղ˵ʮͲξô꣬ٴսҲʮȴûһɱ֮
֮⣬˵ȥӶӳ֮ǰӳʲôطʱѾ˵úʤؽ磬һжܰȫõŴʿǰȥô
ɻ֮ʣͻȻļʿһɫǼ˵ͷȻԱó󣬶׼졣
СģҪ㲻С
֪ĳش
£һͷ׼õļʿȻ졣
ݡ
ͷƤļƿһ㵽ı󣬾һ˲䣬ֻһתһУӰ͵һת˹ȥ
ϡ
ܼ֮ÿһ֮һ𻨣漴Ըٶķ˻ȥ

ֳľʿֻǰһʹһҽУĵȥ
һ˲䣬˶ûзӦҲûӦУ첻һʿѾ䲻ע֮ʣɱֱһֻϻ򵥡
˭뵽ֻϻôһ֣ЩɣЩ˳ԭ·ɻأǵ˸ɱ
ͻȻһĿ䵽ϣǳɭȻɱõȫһʶһ˫һ˶ȥ
ߡһߣ磬׷ȥ
ܵԽԽ죬εѣžʿɱֵ۹ļϸ
ȻЩͨʿ֪ΪʲôղŶӳ˵ЦתۼҪɱ죬һϸ֣۾ˡ
ڹֵ۹ЩʿУǱĵˣΪ̫ˡڶԷϡ
ɱ
ھʿһŭȫɱ죬һȺҰ޻
һŭһƬĽãݺݵĺڳľʿǰֱǵǰһ޴Ľۡ
Ӹղ˵ľٶУѾЩʿ֪ԭҪɱԼֻǼģɱ֣֪Լƶˡ
û뵽ǣЩʿ˶ģû˾£еֻз
һûסˣ˵УƣΪʱǵУǹֵ۹ļϸ
ɱ
ɱϸ
尡
ʿһ˷Χõ첻òֳһݾӦǣ֮ǰᣬѸʿ֮֮زز
ߣŭգɴʱٰЩʿˣɶԷһȫûһ֣üζ˵еŭԽʢ̶̲ס
ȻҾͳȫǡȫһɳɱ߶֮ʵ
ݡ
ǰһɨĽãʰԲμʱǰľʿոһ㻩ĵ¡
һӰһܹЩϮĹһһԲνãٴν߳ļʿɱ
һɱ˽ʮˣԭΧˮйͨľʿҲɱһͨ
Ӱһɱͨ˹ȥһ·֮ϣмʿ켸ڵء
ΧȦ쿴һѾܵò֪Ӱ꣬һĨɱ⣬ۿھʿҪ׷ε̾ϢһЩʿԶɱȥ
Щʿܹ黹ǲɱ֣ϾЩ˶ԼҵƽҲˣܹȵȫЩˡ
ǣֻим뾴أҪҲԼϣӦսǲЩ˵֮ء
һ·ʧؿ񱼣ۿҪǣһƬӰ
ã׷ˡ
ðҪųſڷɱȥ
ղۿһʮսʿɱսʿûһ취Ȼһ񣬿ʵҲǿŸֵҩģûо̫ĴսĿĶ֡


015 ս
ܣûôס쿴꣬һĨɭȻɱ⣬սһתǱֱһӣһĽã󱳱㼤ȥ
ܵϮãɫһӱòҰף˫һԵڵأۿǽãѵʲô˲ãԱһݣڵ˺ü
䡭ãղվ֮غһ޴ӣǷɳʯ
굨ѣۿԽԽŸȥͬʱﻹĺ˰йֵ۹ļϸҪɱҡ
ء
פڸǵľʿǰս֮Էǳĸ֣һͱ֣˴˾ĺŽǡ
йֵļϸ׷ɱǵˣֵǣҳ塣һ⾯жӳһܳ㿴׷ɱ꣬һ٣˱ɱ˹
ɱ
ɱ죬ٰս֮Ŀֲɱ𣬽ϵƲʶɢǻԶһأҲеһ
ʤŵѪ֮ƾͲһ˿ɱȡи̾ѣⲢʾͲɱ꣬࣬Ϊ˱Щľʿͻȫ߶սԼٶٴαǡ
Ӱ磬һֱֱߣ˲
ȥ
߸û˿֣ĺ󱳱˹ȥ

ܵϢ귢һĲҽУһһͷԵڵϡ
ôĵӣΪʤ˲ɣ
һŭǰһĽãϮõɫһ䣬һתǽã˹ȥ
䡭
һǾ޴ĳõ˺üס

˻δվȣһĲҽбǰȥֻǰ˫棬ڵʹķţһ˫ѪģһƬѪ˳˫ȻףԿ϶ղһȻΪ̫ĿضҲ˵ҪȻ
ôˣһʤӳ׵Զͣǰʵ
ףҵʹǲҪˣȾңҿΨһĶӡһץסףİ
˻
¶Ŀ棬쵹һʶĺ˰벽ʱ׾֮ǰһ㣬ȷʵǱըĿըˣ˵ĳ̶ȴԶΪء
ƤȫʧһȦͷܿû֮⣬ɺһƬЩطƤȥ봫˵еĶû
ףţҲţʶĺһץ˸գԵڵϡ

һУϽǰ𣬼𼱣ھʹȥҴ򣬲µġ

ͻȻɿ꣬Ťͷ죬ԹҪ
Ťͷһ죬ȻҲɭȻɱ⣬УĶӣȫ⣬ǼԿͷָɱɱ
֪ԼӵӣҴʱȻ˵úأûΣգ뵽Լ֮£ҪǴȥԼȫҶɡ
뵽Ѿ¶ģһҪɱ죬ٿĿɱѾʵʡ
ֵ۹ļϸҲǧУսͶԲЩֵܡսһȣһӰ磬ųɱ˹
ԭк̨ҲѲ˸ϵһЦɱû˿ľ⣬Ӱ磬˹ȥ
䡭
˲űһĺֻսʵս֮쳣ķḻϵɱ̫أõȫ䣬ʵܵѹƣûʹκս֮£ȻҲֻԷƽ֡
ɱɱɱ
𶯣ӳľʿѵ֮⣬ŭδ嵽ԶֿΧ
һ
ۿƶԼΪ֪ٴȥһŭ⻪ţԿٵ֮սͷȥ
áսɫһ䣬֪һӲѸٽջأһΣٺ˶ȥ
䡭
ãݺݵĺսղվ֮أһ޴ӣǵľ޴𶯣ǵһ㣬õ֮Զվȣٴεڵϡ


016 Ԫ˧
ɢȥսٿʱԶɱȥֻһɱﻰսɣܺãҼסǸˣҺ涫󳤶鱨ǾȻңղɱ㣬ֻΪøʤľʿòףұȡǸӵĹ
ǱĻսɫһƬҰףЩľʿҲһ֪鵽ô¡
սϼ޻֮ۿھʿǵĿжһЩһߵС֮ƶûãܵսܣս췢ģƱҪֻɱ㡣
ھʿԣһȻǶսĻŲɣֻһϸϸ֮ôţսӾʮ꣬ҶϤǲġ
սŸǷɱȥдһȻûΣգսȴõһ׺䶥Ϣ
ĶΪϵƹأˣŪƷϵĵҩܵĻָ
һӳ۹ӾȻǹ壬ƷҩʲôĴڣĴҲδܹõóһöССӾܹҵġ
õԼݵϢǳֲݣսôο޲õиΪꡣ
죬ұҪʬΡս˫ȭգҪһ㣬΢侲һ㣬սоѳĿƣԪ˧֪Լһ˵Сѱ
һսһĨŨصɱ⣬һĸ˼䣬ĸ֮ŵɫҰ״
ᣬһִӵģжӳְҲҷѾ˼ŰŪҪ֪ھУ㹦൱˺ܶ࣬ЩҲֻСӳѣôҲĹҲûҪݵ顣
ȴͬ˴ˣֻôһӣҲֻмȥɹᱻ۹Ϊʱ˷أΪҲһĵӡ
ʧܣ˶ͷأڷԪ˧ЩĹһǼʮһжʧȥԺҲԷǱɹʧܡ
ԣͷ˼ɫҲǱĪ⣬Ƭ֮󣬶սһֵнȫǶӳͣӳϸ˵֪ʲô⣬һеԲ۶ӳֻʱӳչ˼޶
İɣԺǾҵļˡս֤
ߣ˵мϸȻܵɱʤʿפڸǵĶԪ˧Ҳŭѣսȥ
ֱʱս뵽ǷɶȫŻϣ뵽Լ˴£ĻҳɣʿסżɱԪ˧
˧ش룬ΪɭȻһ岽һڣкܶ밵ڣʼţսľϽҲҪܽ롣
ԭָǵԪ˧Ƕҵ´ιֵ۹ڣ۹Ԫ˧ҲǶҵڼԴɲģرڴˡ
սʱǶԴɵ붫ԴɹϵܣǶҲϤ˧֮ҲûҪͨ㾶ֱ߽´
´һˣΪ׵һ뷢׵ߣһСɽȫ˳ϣ֣һ߳߰˷Ƶ꣬ȻϵϢһ㣬Ȼ붥֮ƣ˲ǱˣǶԴӶ
·ֱͳɫɱȫһɳɷǿ˵Ŀ⣬һ˵Ǳפڸǵλͳ죬һȫսĴ󽫡
սԪ˧սȶŶԴһֶԪ˧λͳ졣
ض񡣡Դɵ˵ͷһؿս˵ղ㷢˹ֵļϸ
ǵġսصʵҲҷֵģҵĶ˲ԾԾʹ̽һ£ִǹּϸ
Դԣüͷ΢΢һ壬Աߵȫ΢΢һüʲôˣڳ˶ǿսս˵һСӳǵһͨʿܡ
鵽ʵ


017 
սҵŵһŶӳ˵ҪԪ˧ҪȷʵǶӳģ׼ܿʶԾ̫ҪƾƿֱӴӸǵһôҪĶ󳤶ӲӦ㽻˲ǡ
εõƺݣ˵׷ɱĶӳ½£Ȼ󶫷ӳΪ֤
ʵʦ񶼴򲻹ôܴϾ¶ӳǶӳУɻұ棬ҲЩϳһ꣬ϣܴȥӳӻ
һҪȥӶӳ굱񣬳ƶӳ˵˻ԼȥԽйŹ֣ҪȥӶӳ
꿴̬ȼֻôӦұµľʿһȥȴû߶ԶͻȻǵ˳֣һ㽫˻ˣչڵʵͲʲôʿһ
ɱǲپʿǽˣҪҼʱϵ´ʱĽ¡˵䣬ս㽫ŷ⹧ĵݸ˶
ӹƷȿһƣɫ΢΢һ䣬򶫷ԴɵףȷʵǶܵġ
ԣһĨԶԴżΣ
ùżһ۱㿴ŷȻûз⣬̧ͷսսش꽫ŽʱȻ⣬ϵž»ܣҲҿ
ͷóֽһۣɫ͵Ĵ䣬ϽݸԴɵף㿴
оϵı仯ԴɫҲ΢΢һ䣬ҲһԪ˧ɫǴ¡
ӹŶԴɨһֽۣһɫһƬء
Ԫ˧ʲôˣڳļλͳ췢ɫã׷׳ʵ
ǶɡԴɽŵݸˣÿһݵɫһƬأݵսװž
˵˵ŵĿԴɿ򶫷
ͷּȷʵǶдֻǵʱӦúܼҵıʼǱܿԣҾ»żֿŶȵġ
ǣǸĿ֮νͣԴٴʵ
üͷ壬Ҳ֪ô¡
᲻Ƕӳдú󣬻ûüͳԷɱˣһĿͳվ²ôҪţӦԽ֪Խãӳ϶֪㣬ţҲػὫŷڣȴûУֻ֤һ㣬ʱܽŷڵʱ䶼ûˡ
⣬һɣʱӳǱǱԷץסҪȻźƲͬʱ䵽ϡ
ȻԷӳõϢΪҪͻһͳɻʵ
߹ҲȻ֮ǰļƻȷʵǳɹǽܵУʱϻ룬ʱʤ֮ΣڷҲ˵ܹģиȲҲٵʧĳɣʧν󡣡
ʱҲֻʣ࣬;ĳǳȻûоӣҲвٳҲвٵߣӶᷢƾż̵ĳǽҪ빥ǣҲףϾǴӺڷ¹ǵеʹ
һѸٹ³ǳأô˻ػֻҪΧĳǳɳԼĳ͸֣վͻᱻȫԣƻȻܴһֲҲźܴķգʮֵıգҲܿ϶ӳǷ˻š
Ϊǿ϶ǽƾͼƣЩͻԱǣֻҪˣӵǰȥغڷ£ôǸҲ飬ȫԴ湥ǡ֮ǰ˵Ŀͳ
ԣȫĬˣһüͷ壬ҲΪأ˶˼ŶԲߣ̫ˣŪʤҪ̫ˣǲòСĶԴ
صı飬սоŲѣΪʤսʮ꣬Ȼ񣬾ԲϣʤһΪԼԭ
Ȼк뽫ʵ˵һ뵽Լ˲Ķ磬Ͻͷ£ԼĶҲԼҶ
˵Ծϣܿս


018 Сĺ
ãսȻһĨᶨվŶԴɵ˧ҾòܶԷǱӣڷ²ܶԷǷǶפأһɱ룬Ȼгǳгǽгߣ빥²ףǲǣֻЩûκηĴׯǸûһ취
һׯ٣ƽĻ̻̣ʱ˶ӿ֣ʳּڲԶ϶ӰճɣʱּģֱӰ쵽ǵĹһӰ쵽ǵľӣһԵѭ
һԭصϢøΪأõ˴촭
ԭļƻȥϢĽɱˣٽЩǵľʿҲȫɱˣʣµҲԼĸʱ˵ڳѲߣһ֮˱ǰѶʣȴֶԷһϸһս֮ǽϸɱҲ˲أƺżӼϸѳġ
һżԴǿ϶ɶȫɱˣЩŻ䵽ϸϣԺ󶫷ȫҲ֮ʣҲ϶Ϊ·ϱԷϸָɱˡ
Ժ󶫷ȫɣ޶֤ҲΪһ˰һϽĶô
ʱսȡżִԺڷɱǴһȻڻ¡
һжΪûΪӰҲս֮ǰĲ֣һʱ֮䶼֪ô򶫷Դɻ㱨ʱѲ󹦣ֻܹƽϢסӵԱٵ˵öԴǲòӡ
Ͼô٣ûȫҲûһκһУ¶¶š
ʱսνǺĪ֪ζͬӵö뿪Ҳá
ȴ֪Ϊٵ˵ԴɺͶھϴ˶Ŀա
˼˺ð죬Ȩ˸ףԴ̧ͷˣս˵ȷʵǱӣڷ±ɱפء
ףһǽɵڷ£ɾˣҪǹֵ۹ĳûǿô죿
һɵġԴг˼ᶨڷ²һؽ磬ôףڹʱɧţǽøΪѣҾɳǧʿǰڷ£⸽ǵĳһǰЭ
ֻ߽ǧˣֵ۹ûǵӰҲǺܴ󡣡˵ţԴ͵λվһ㣬Ŀ絶Ŀ֮ǰλͳ죬
ڡˢһߵԴǰ_ص
ǰڷפأϧһдҲҪסڷ¡Դϵصǳȫƣгߣɾ͵նɱ˵ţȡһö衣
ӹתȥ
Դʣµļλͳ찲˸Ե񣬱뿪ֻʣ붫ˡ
ףҾսľٶƺЩԾ˵վҲкü꣬˵һһָƣôῴս⡣
Դüͷһ壬һŵҲ˵ԭɣ
һ£ֿ򶫷ȥ飬¹ϵŹҵ棬ȻܲԸŸԼʮ⣬ԴɻŪס
ʮվһԶԶؿŴӾʿɱӦǺڷ£սǽŽ˶Ԫ˧Ҳͷˡ
漴ɻɼȻսŽԪ˧Ǿ֤ǹֵ۹ļϸΪʲôֶɱأ
ΪʲôҪԸɱҲ֪ȥڷµ˲ǧǵֵסôСǵص
⵹Ҳǡüͷ壬Ƕˣ޷Ԫ˧Ҳûа취
ҪȥסǶӾʿɣС
ʲôЦҡͷнͣ£˸·һɸɱۣȥǣûϢǣԼȱɱˡ
ô죿Сɻʱȫ㽫пڼһ¸߶Ԫ˧
ǰҲһͷʹܻȫݣ˵ĻԲơżᣬΪսôһ֣ԭӦȷɵżҲ˻Ŀԣһ˵żǼٵģһжˡ
Ǹϲ󳽰ܡüͷ壬벻һӦԵİ취
ҪСͻȻĴ컹Ϊ뵽ʲôð취Ͻʵǲ뵽ʲôˣ


019 
ȻصڳȥǶǰڷµľʿסڶԷж֮ǰϲڷ¡
ûСѻ˵꣬üͷʲô취ЩʿٵʱֵĴˣ⼸ǧȥȫûð
Ҿ˼С˷ܵصʱֵ۹ľӽлʤضһƬңܱߵٳûʤȻ͵ֵ۹ȥʤ֮£˴󹦣ǿ϶һ
İˣСͲڰ⣬ҪΪǧ˰
Ҳֻһλƽ⣬ֻҪֵ۹˴ʹ޵ЩˣԼһҶ⣬ȫԷŶǺǣҷԽԽˣֱŰŶŶСһСŰСš
С˷ܵЦȫСħȻСħĶҲܱħҲҪ̾硣
СˣϽ취Ҫʤ۹ҿҲӹֵ۹ȺʱһʲôӣԼҲûΪСĻСദˣʱôһ֣ص鷴ɺܶࡣ
Ȼð취ûУ취еġСЦδ˵꣬˫һɴصʲô취
Ѿȥڷ£Ȼֻǧֵ۹ľȴôףҸֻɳǧʿҲûжӰ죬ֵ۹ľӴӦҲû̫⡣Сĵ
鷳Ǹ󳽣ȫݣҪ󵼶Ԫ˧ǺףԾԲǼԪ˧
ԡͷ鷳ľ󳽣⣬󵼶Ԫ˧Ǿ鷳ˡ˵ţüͷһ壬ֻǸʶ޷
ʶʾͲСЦҪ󵼶Ԫ˧ͱڹֵ۹ж֮ǰϵҲ˵໹죬׼ȷ˵ֻһˣҪȻϵԪ˧Ҳûʱ󵼱㲻ܳɹ
ķ֪Ϊʱ̫ܴӱķתԱȻֻܴȻȫϮˣ󳽻Ժ˵ʧɢˣǶȫѾˣǶ϶ᾭһҴսһϱȻˣʲôҲãװ϶ᱻԪ˧һۿ
ˡûСѻ˵꣬˫һԭֻҪסķעûˣֱȽϼߣǱض󳽡
磬СҶû˵أ֪ˡ
һĿЦ⵽ڱ˵ǶС޵СҪСѣô뵽أ
ǵȻСšСĵ
ڿǵԽԶ󳽸ĵط࣬׼ӣðǵķһξ룬ֱֻвʱͣһɾʯͷ£ʩչ˳Բ֮ڵһжնС
ת۰ȥٵĽŲУҲоʿǳЩǳѲӵģЩǹ·ˣѰϸġ
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֣ѵ󳽲ˣɻһʹ˳ɫҲЩףҪ֪˳ȻǽſʩչģҪʶ
ӦòɣСЩ׼صڱɱ֮ǰ˵ˣ󳽻󵼶Ԫ˧ʹǵļƻɹô
ô춼ûδ˵꣬һĽŲ㴫ĶУҽŲЩ鸡еϣо˺زŶ̧ȫڵߵġ
磬ǲˣͻȻͣ£Сһʵ
ȷȷʵһ˹ˡ˳Ųϸһһ
ȿȡһűһԹ𣺡Ļ쵰װˣȻص֣ҳΪ壬ôʰ㡣
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ͣ˳һԾڵķɱȥƬ֮һʮңɫҰףѪŲ鸡ʤףƵòӣѪľʿС
󳽡һʿԣʶŤͷӦ˭ͬʱѰ֮ϡ


020 
Ȼ󳽡һĮĻЦҿˡ
˭󳽷ϵĲƣʶĺһһؿ
˭㲻ֻ֪Ҫ֪ϸµıǡЦţһ󳽱ȥ
㵽˭ɫҰף嶼΢΢Ǽϸһ£û֪һ϶ıУ֪Է϶֪ʲôһ֪Լ
ȫӳ㣬ȥЩΪĳʧȥֵžۡЦţ˫ȭգ˫һŵ棬˾һͷͻ㣬󳽱˹ȥ
ҪҵҲҪûǸ¡󳽿Ǳɱɫһȫսע룬ǹ⻪͵Ĵȥ
ȥû˿ıãǱսȭͷ󳽱˹ȥ
䡭
ȭȺ֮ϣһȻը죬ﵱһѪҲɶȭͷǰգȭͷ׷󳽣ݺݵĺ֮ϡ
ꡣ
ǰݣԺͻ𣬵ɳʮףײһŴϣء
Ӱ磬ֱӳ󳽵ǰȭͷҪٴȥʱ󳽵˺ü£ѵ³֡㡭ô֪
ۿǻˣȭͷûٻǿЦǵ˸ҵģҲĿ˰ɣ
ȻȻδ˵꣬󳽱ȫһ鴤ԴһƫûϢ
ѲһûҵʲôõĶӰһźڷڷɱȥ
·ϣСʵ磬ô֮ǰҲ󳽣˵Ǳԩأ˵ԴʳһЩõĶ
С촦һ򶼷ǳĽһȷԷ֮󣬱ԥɱ֣ȷʵЩ
ΪûʱȥЩֵ۹ֻһʱ䣬Ǵﵽڷ´ԼҪʮʱٵǾûʱ̽
Щϸһ֮ͽȫԴڿĺݽɫõϢǳ֮ѣûʱǿ϶еģ˵̫Ҫʧ𡣡
˵ˣʱֵ۹ӶȫΪ֮ˣòƭҶȫȥˣȫսȫûҳ֣ҲʬҰȴ˹ƾһ㣬źܴɡ
˶ɺɵϣԩģҲֻıҲûԩ
šСͷǸܵҾû뵽Щ˵ţСһЦҲģȻƭ˵ЩϢǹֵ۹˸ģΪԼ˳ˣĿ
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ڷµشֵ۹ʤ۹Ľ紦񱻵һɽһΪΪֵ۹ұΪʤ۹м׵£߶Ǳֱͱڣ˷֮⣬µͱͨ
һСģҲԨʬ޴棬ΪҪһһߣͱ뷨ͨʮ׿¡
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ǱˣڿգԼϻǧ϶⣬ӽӵһоޱȵأΪףǶȫдģԲ϶̽鵽ԷҪ⵽׷ɱ
ڶԷҲѾ֪Ϣй©ı乥򣬵߹Ҳ˵Է֮ᷴһĹ
ԷĹ϶ǳķ񣬵ʱ⼸ǧʿֵܿܵס
ԣڸ·ϣɳ´žǰļǳأɳһǰ֧ԮȻЩ޷µİսȣʱţһ˾ͶһǳصһҲǧˣҲֵܽ۹ɱľʿһ
֮Уüͷ壬һӳôôˣһǳصĳû
ʱ֪ӳǰȥ鿴
š˵ͷĹ㶣㣬ܳ£һֵ۹Щ½
ͳģ˽裬ѰԲ¡ӳ֤
˾ͺáͷҪҪ˵㴫һŲ漴һСӳεʱСӳȴЩǱɫϣ·Ѫ׶Щ


021 
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ͳ죬ЩԸɳǣɳ˶ˡСӳɫ࣬гŭ⡣
ѵǾôǴ˻ӳɱؿСӳȵԼ˱ⲻЩʿҲǣӡ
ûͳͷСӳûͣΪһˣɱǳɣܾǰܣͶͽͣսϵʧܾζٶĽҲ˻
СӳҲί֮ǰû뵽Щܾǻᶯִǣȥ˲࣬ÿҲˣǴѣôǸǵĶ֡
ܺãܺãȻҴҵˡ͵վһɱɱϱõԱߵĴӳ˱ȫһݣǶǸ費ʱˣȻƢڰǶɱ⡣
ͳ죬ȥɣﻹҪ󡣡ӳվ
Щ˸˲񣬿ȥҲδסǡһɭȻصҵҪ˭ҵľغҪǳʲô࣬Ͳˡ
˵ţųƣһսȥ
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磬ô죿СʵҪҪȥҵͳ죬֮³˴Ӧöʶ㡣
Сҡͷڻ֪ͳ˭Ҫ֪ʤľӺ⣬ȻǶţʵ嶼ھ֮УԼһ֮ˣôȥǿɾ뻢ˡ
쿴ǳСͻȻ
Žһǧ˰ɣһͳԴӣҪȥʲôɻؿŴӾӪд˳裬һ˼ѵãŪǸͳ˭˵˵䣬ӰһΪһ磬ȥ
ʱ֮һС֮⣬СǵĳһһɱľʿһŵСҰףϽţ档
ʱҲһμʶЩս֮ʦĿֲֻһ£¡¡Ŀε£оʿó󣬶Գ˳ǽϣͬʱִܳϵĸ֣ϴõצһԾ𣬺ݺݵצڳǽ֮ϣȻצôѸٵ˳ǽ
ϵĳԭֵʱһԾڳǽϽ˱ǽ֮ϣóųȵ˸ͳ裬Ԫ˧֮ͳڷΧ֮³ǣǰڷµֵ۹ĽΥɱ⡣
ɱȻĻЩѾϳǽĿ͸¶ɱľʿгһ֪Ƿ֮
ʱõϢĳҲųһЩֳ˹һͷֵĴӣ·һڶ
ӲûбŵһصƴͳǺ磬ϧҴ˵طҳ۹ƣȨǡ
ңΥһŭȣһΪһ⼤дӵţɳԶ˵ϡ
̫죬˸ûзӦѾڵϣѪȫ鴤Ƭ̱ûϢһ֮Ȼô˲ϡ
˶棬B˭Ҳû뵽ֶ˺˵һ仰ֱӾͳɱ֡
ʱǱ絶ĿһһɨһҳǸ֣˭ԣ
ҡͷҳǾһ㣬һСǣǻҪСĳǿߣҵϵӵܣɱˣЩ˷ô
û˷ԣǾУټҳǵߣϺڷµֵֵ۹֡Įĳĸҳɣ׷ת
Ƭ֮󣬳һǧԼԭҵֱµȫۼ˹һάΰȫˡ
֮ǰ轫ҵʬĿ飬¸ԴҳǵĳΧĳȥ
ټһǳأһӱ㱻ȫշҽɱֶοԱߵ춼̾ѣʬһУĲνݡ
ʱսڼΪһͳ죬Ͳܳʱ뿪ڷ£ûʱȥĳǣĳǵĳ
ʬ֮ҳǵĳɱǵĳͲɱôʱ˭ҷ


022 ǿ
磬㿴ЩڸʲôôֿأСͻȻɻʵ
ɫһ䣬µľʿֳɣֱ߰Χղ뵽ʬһ£ȴûע⵽ߵĶСһѣŸо
ǳġ쵱ЩʿĿģӰһҪԱȥնһ׳˶Ӱͽȥ·סˡ
Ӻڷһ·ң֪ΪΣĮؿ죬һ˿ĸ顣
ͳȻȻһжˡЦƺһ㶼£ٶõüͷ΢壬Щʼϲ
˵һļϸץţƴǰٰƱ磬ǹҲ⣬ֱӳϣһĴݣ̫ˡ
ƨ˵ûáЦǰĿĺ˵ɣ𲻱Ҫᡣ
ģûж⡣쵭ȻһЦԻý֮óɺƼҿơͳӦʶ
ӹƣͫһ͵ĿⶫôϣңƼҵĿ䣿
㻹˵ˣҾƼҵĿ䡣ЦһɺСԽҵġ
ɺԸģһ㶣ɫ΢ѵǸǵǸ죿
Ҿ졣ͷͳӦöҵݲٻ˰ɣ
ȴҡҡͷȻģƱϾ˭õ˭ˣֻ˵ΪƼҿһ£ȴûмʶ㣬ǧ֮⣬ȴܵҲʵ̫֣óƷ֤ݡ
ԣһû뵽軹ԼҲʱѾ֮ǰ˺ܶ࣬ٴһԿֻǳڽǹΪԼ
Ҫó֤Լݣס죬һ㶫֤Լݣ֤ˣҲδš
˫ͻȻһ뵽һԻý֮óݸЦӦʶǼ֣㿴ٲţҲûа취ˡ
óȻ뿪֮ʱƷɽɺƼš
ӹż_Ķ֣ɫһ䣬ԱЩѾΧˮйͨľʿһ֣ھʿѸٷ˶ȥһֱ˳ףվ衣
ȷʵǼдģ֤ݡ¶һĨЦ֪үΪΣ
߾ȻξڿѾʵˡ
ΪʲôܣصƼҵĿֻϵĸֲܳΪү㱻ɺϣв֮ɺĿ⣬үȱĽʱѣսȴõѲүսϵĲпᱻˣ
ԣһЦͳҲ̫СˣҼȻξȻͲνĲпսֻͳѵ֪ĴѲϸ𣿡
ţɫһصô£
ɺ϶Ŀ䣬ɺ۹⣬ԲῴҪ˵ǼϸԲš
˵ͳˣʵҲҳֺã鷳·ϣ˱ֵ۹׷ɱĶȫӳһĮĽȥ˵һ飬֮дŷŭŸɫ࣬ŭ΢΢
ҧ³ɱ֣漴ģһʵ򶫷Ԫ˧ʱظһ
Ǿе飬޹ءҡҡͷսǾʿɱˣ֮˵ǲӲᡣ
ô˵Ǿе飬ӦǾеŶԡˬһЦӽҵ
һû˵Ҫξأ쿴裬ǲˬصѾξˡ
ξһ㶣ҡҡͷǿɲУǼƼţչһôΥ˼ӸǸܵξѵû£ź氡
˵ˣڹֵ۹в޴󣬰ʤɷ涨£Ȩǿе۹ֵ˵ġ˵ţָԱЩҳǵĳǾǿеľʿҲǿˣܴùң͵ùԹ
ôͻȻо㲻񽫾ǿأһЦ


023 ȫϮ
ֻҪܹսʤֵ۹ǿʲôЦһҲΪ쳰
ðɣҴӦǣҵ˵壬ҿɲʿھӪȰѵ쿴裬֪Ƕǲûжô㹻ɿռ䡣
û⡣ͷ漴ʿ嶫ȫסĴׯλ֮󣬱ǰȥȫӻֻҪȫ鵽ôģһ
õ֪֮һս쳣ٴηҳǽҲ˲٣ȻǿУǵӶᷢЭ
źһУ£һ˺ڷ¡
ֻʤһͨСɽ壬ȫ嶼˶شƫƧƽʱһҲûһ˵죬ȴһǳĿˣǶȫ
ʱ콫ȫʱһǵ۹ˣйϸˣЩĴУаӣȫЩǰƴģԶԶȫǳĸм
죬ȫסϴҳɴǻǽԼã᲻óԵʳ峤ңȫ壬ʮϴ峤Ϊöȫ˸ĺɽҩ
ڴϸչ£ȫѺ˲٣ڴߣȭôָȫмаԾȻȥһҪлҡ
ϣȫϴ峤ҳԹ緹ٺúÿصСׯΪѾҪ뿪ˣıϣ·ϳʲô⣬ʱɾ鷳ˡ
ôȥϴ·
ǰ簡
ǸСͷȥأ
ǰСڵһҹҰ̣ׯڣû緹أô

һ·ϣȫͣǴкд񿴵¶ЦݣĵŴЦݣȫоȫһɣսϵѹһȫ¡
һֱȫţֿЦҡҡͷ֪һԵÿ˶ԼʹȫڶңǾעҪΪʤƴһҵʹ
֪ڣڶȫ׼תȥ֮ʣһȺʮ˵İ˳֮УЩȫߴ磬ͺʲôһһ·ĲϢȫһ۱ϳǾǾˣһѵصİս֮
ɫ͵һ䣬ȫҪתȥȴԷΪ׵Ҳ϶ʱ¶һĨϲ⣬
תĶȫһ㶣ֹסŲǼߣüʵ˭
ؽǷԪ˧֮ǰġΪǰŶȫһ񣬹صĿ࣬ԲüǱˣսᡣ
ľƣȫ´󶨣ϲѾŽԪ˧˰ɣ
ǵġشԪ˧Ѿǰȥڷ£ִҴӺڷ¹ؽӭͷʹȫڷ֮¡˵䣬¶˷ܵı飬Ϊһˣûʲôȵϵʧأ˷ܵġ
úáȫд󶨣Ҳ˷ܲѡ
ǻȥɣһڴˣˣ̫ȫˡȰ˵
Сȫͷȥǵ𡣡
˵ȫҪߣܲᣬȫͣöȫԺʱЩĴ񣬶ȫѪӣ˫Ҳʪˡ
Ĵ߳ԶᷢЩվڴûлȥ̲ס̾һгһɸӵ
ǰ̫ˣΪ˸ˣʮĴ峤ɽҩǽԼ᲻óԵҰζҡȫ̾ϧԼʹҪȻһֱס
ʵҪһҲǲܡͻȻǺЦ
һעս֮ϣԵ֡˵ţȫɫ͵һ䣬ᣬ㲻ʤˡ
ˣʤ֮ˡ¶Цݣȴǲȥ֮ˣɷģ㲻¶·ģһЩĴ㣬Զһ𡣡
£ݵһŶȫ˹
ʱĶȫ޴ֻѡˣ˳벽ŷ֣ΧЩһȫɱ˹
ֱʱȫףΪɱԼ꾡׼ԭΪὫЩʿΧǵΣգϾʱϵ˲ûкö٣ʵӲһϮǳΣա
ЩΧΧͬʱԼ֣ʹûһ·ԡ


024 
ۿ޿ˣȫɫһݣһץסһǷĵ彫ƸѪһߡ
ʵǺǿֻһʦȻȫ˲ᣬôҲһȫһ̤߸ͳܲסѪɳϵȻȫš
һסȫֶȥ
ϡ
ȫһΣܹļһ֣ϮΣʱɾҵĶȴǣȫϵľˣĵʹȫɫһƬҰףﶼѪҲε£Եڵء
ݡһĽãٴδȫһݣһĨ֮ɫӰһȥһű˹ȥ
һȫĴ򷨣Լ
ɫһ䣬ڵʤȯգôԼ붫ȫһգˣߵҲϣŶȫ˹
ȥȫһȣһɨɣĽãǰ֮һɨ

Ĳҽȫһĵ£ȫͣһɨֻòһʱʧȥʶ
ڶȫҪǰ֮ʣһϢٴμƽʱױܽɴʱ˵涼Զƽʱ
ܵǵԽԽɶȫƴȫ޷ܿ
ۡ
һűǾҵʹ

һŭԶȫ﷢ֻһתΪһ⣬һ̣Ǵһһϲ߲ϱһԴ׷ɶ
Ҫҵб¾ɡȫѪֱᣬػЩΧ߳ȥ
ݡ
ãԶȫ֮ÿܻôһߵ͵һʱ֮䣬ղŻ򶫷ȫߣȫŵˡ
˳սȦս˭ߵжôĿ£ȻѾעȫȻûҪðճȥ
Щµɹܲô࣬Ȼƴġ
Ƭ̼䣬нʮڶȫ£ˣʮˣѾһڶȫ£˶˵һ뿪ȫȴΧţǲӳȥǵӣƺ뽫ȫ
ʱĶȫģȣѪֱðǱ󱻴һĵزѪȪˮ䣬ԭѾϵ˿ҲȫѿѪڵӵܳĶħ
ɡȫħΧ߳ɱȥ֪ƴһȫˣȫ׷ţٶԽԽ졣
Ƭ̼䣬ȫ׷֮⡣
áͻȻʶԣɫһ䣬ӰȻȥ
ڲŷ֣ˡȫĴЦᣬҶȫ㵽ĺǣҶؽҳʬΡ
׷һͺȣȫ׷ȥ
һӣһ׷Ƭ̱ܳ
ȫչ̫ܵأղȫ֮һǰɱԽԽѪҲԽķٶҲԽԽ
ҪǣΪȫϤ˵صĵƣȻܵһ±ϣǰҲ
ȫҵҪӡ˽ȫΧ±ϣһɭȵɱ
ɱһȣȥ
͹ˣɣľɡȫĴЦû˿η壬ӻȥ
ϡ
һеɣʱߵѾ̵ǰһˣɲ˳ѵ±ߣһŸǲȿա
ûȶȫվȣٴγǺ˸ȫŶȫҪкȥȫæӶȥ
䣡
޴֮ϴȫһģһգһͷ¡
Ͽվþ𣬲ϻصðʧ١
ߵ±߿һۣ·ƣʲô
֮ߣȫôصˣɡῴ£¶ɭȻЦ⣬һתһͺȵߣ壬һ
ǡɱ
ӪԭΪһװʲôģϧȴôæûдװû졣
ȴ찲һַԸȥ˲Ҫ죬㲻


025 첻
ĵھӪ֮תһȦæȻ죬ͲҲﲻæǹⲻȥҵʵͳ죬ڿ֪Էо
˶ӳ˵Է˴֮⣬ȫɫص˵Եз֪Էʲô취жˣеǱ
ûȥ̽һɻʲô֪һ˽ǽᴦƣǿǷǳĲ
Ѿɳǰȥ̽飬ϧڷ̫գȫһȥҹѾˡҡͷһʹΡ
˫һҪȥ̽̽ɣҸҿ϶һŷǳҪϢ
㣿һؿ조Ҫ֪ȥͱʮ׿ϿϿմȥʲôûУҶԷضǱפд
ģа취ʮĵ
⡭һ£ͷðɣԣǧСģСˡ
һȥµװԭ컹ΪʲôöõʱᣬǾһòɵľ޴ݡ
ϵĴݣٿǰߵϿȣһëС˵ⶫܷɹȥô
Ҳ֪Сص磬ҺòӴôߵϿȣǧҲδ˻ŵȥԺҲҲˣء
СصĿ֮ȫһֲɵӣôС˼
ɲǸûа취ȥһݡֻðˡ
˵ţ콫ϵĴһԱ߾ʿĿ֮£ת뿪
һֱϿ·һֻʮ׿Ͽȱߣǳǰʮ֮⣬խ֮ء
ʶ̽Χֲûˣ֮һת
໡ȻӰһΣһѱΪһɵ
ֱóһȦӣһͷһʹǰһ˦һֻӼȥ
ϡ
ͻȻһ죬ϵӣֱһѾס˶
βһڣףȻǰ͵ĳȥ
䡭
һضɽҡǳ׵ľ޴һɫ磬ǰȥһֱ嵽±ߣֻǰһݣ˫͵һţһһݶ

ڶĶᵽɤۣȻνϴʮ㣬һԾʮ׵Ͽȣûʮİա
ŶɽԽԽ첻ûɿԽӵĵģΪʱˡ
ͻȻ֮䣬ǰȻһʱߵķ·׹ȥ
áһеһʹ׹Ȼͣ¡
컹ûüˣͻȻһһʯͷ
ɫһӱòҰףƴȫԱһڣʯͷźХķһ׹¡
ûعٴ׹ȥڰգ޴ʱץŵҲȥ
ѵҪˣǰӰﲻԷХɫһƬҰףʱûһ취ֻƾ׹
ѽѽѽҪˣҪˡСռоС˫ۡ
СǿЦáСʲô׹ȥֲֻҡ
׹ȥҲҲˣҲȥұСؿ˻ңԺҾֻܶµǱϿ֮£ƾҲû֪ء
СĵĿϽοСޣҪڰȥɣʱͲõϿˡ˵ţҪס
Сֻим磬СһֱԼϲŭ֣ԼߣСһ㣬ǾԲԸ⿴ίġ
ءľٶûСˣ޵øΪȻҪСˣԺҲˣء
Ҫô졭һĿɬСȥУҲУ֪ôˡ
Ļδ˵꣬ץеͻȻһ׹Ȼͣ£Ϊ̫أѳĳܷΧʹ
һϲץϽسģ˳ɿȥ
վϣ̤ʵһ㣬һǾŷԭסʯͷѲһϡ
첻ҡһЦʱСҲصڲõϿ֮¹¶ĵȴˣð¡


026 ̰
ŵ£ʵ
ôܣҲ̫ССˡСЦĪ֮ʣСٴεһģŲˡ
֪С˵壬Ҳʰ弸ԾʧС
ʱ֮ǰߵľ޴Ӫ
ҵĲʿҲʮ򰡡ĿɿڴؿǰӪȻʱӪвû̫죬ʿսǰϢɾ֮еһЩʶ컹˵ġ
һоס¶ʮˣһŶʮֻԵһ£һٶţͿ
鷳ˣֻǧЩҲֻǧܹһˣôԷԿһأгǡ
磬ҸоǾӪ֮м޵ϢǿѹţǿӦʸ֡Сص˵ʱҲûƽʱ֡
ҲоˡͷҪȻҶȥ̽̽ʵ
ô죿СصǼʸȳɱǾУЩͨʿ£ǿɾȫˡ
ԣɫһƬҰףͬľ磬ĲͬڣʸֿԽսţڰжݵķУǾҲǲܵġ
һԷʳ֣Ǽʮ׵ϿȸͲ⡣
鷳ˡо˲ʹ˳žӪ֮ľ̽ȥҪҵԷ㣬򲻹ҲҪǣסԷٶȡ
꽨׼ôˣ
ػˣһж׼ľ͵һʳֱʱ֮ܵ¾㱸ֻһ磬Ǳɷ
վϼһȽȥȻÿʿһľ壬һӣһűܼܳɣʱʮɴɱʤأֱʤ۶
һǰʤľӣȻǵõǵļƻҵǻ᲻׼ǣ
ģǧʿһȺۺ֮ڣʱϼһɱȥǾͳûϿȣһǹȥǵ˾͸ҵһ̲ˡ
⵹ǣ½ŹأʸֲòͨʿĴսʱλ˳֣᲻ΪǵĽڣ
ģʱֻҪԷʤɱ⣬û֪˳֣Ҿ֪ô˭ȥһʤʱΧĹæצʤأĴδûʸֳ֣˭ȥأ

ĻһԷʮʸ֣·Լߣһ֮⣬Ҳֻм˫ʵʵ̫ˡ
ǾӪɭϣһʸ󣬸û㡣аԳ˼Ψһ׼ľϡ
ûľ壬Ǿ޷踡ţûݣȣʱ֮ᵽ·Ͻ£һӪҲûлᡣ
һΣϢ뿪
صϿȱߣ֮ǰһӹȥһε֮رԣȷʵȣŹȥ
صӪ轫˵һ飬ֱӴλԭȰžʿ˵ģƽ֮ȴķˣĻ˵ǾˣȻԪ˧ͱػãҲһ
ˣ˱ɺĳȥʱֱɱʤأǲ룬˸۹ȡһЩ׼ʱ䡣
Ǽı飬֪ǲıģֵȻѾˡ
ԣüͷһ壬û뵽ʱ뿪ҲԣڵǱ֣֮컹ôᣬǰ;Ҳ㲻ľʿûҪԼ
ܷǰ۶һˣ߱£迴һ֪Ϣһ׼ʤϣҲԽһ㡣
Բʱȥ۶ҡҡͷ
㡭ɫһû뵽ôһҪҲܾˣݣӦԼҲӦʧİ˰֣߰ɣ˵ֵ۹˾ʹˡ
ǡһ֣ת˳ȥ
û뵽Ȼһ̰֮һµӳ㲻м˵ıӰһڡ
ˣ˸־ðôҪϢӦøмǡҡҡͷһ˶ս״̬֪ͨԪ˧ͱ¡
ǡλӳȥ


027 ɱ
˴ӳӵСŭص̫ˣ磬Ϊʲô˵
˵ʲôã쵭ȻһЦοҪֵ۹ȥǵݣΣգ֪϶˸һȥʱһ࣬ױ¶ҲҴĲ㡣
˵ˣڱͷǳţɳ֣ı͸ˣܻٵݵùֵĴһһʧܣ߾͸ֵס
ѵһֱôȥ𣿡С߷߲ƽĵ
ɹȻҲ֪ҵжʧܣҲû˵ıҪˡһЦӪأϿȶ·ɱȥ
ֵ۹һƫƧС·ϣһʿѺ˵ĳ糤һͷ
С·ֻԻɽոտٳһ·ʯǰе÷ǳļѣʱϵĻɢһأѺ˵ľӺһæµ
ģ·Ҳ̫ˣҽȫݡһʿǰ֪жԶ·̣Թѡ
ұ㻹ңҽϵȫˣÿһ۵ҪԱһЩֵһɬص治ȥˡ
ǣĸֵܲһһԲ󺺿ЩƽʱڳסţʱܹЩֱ࣬Ҫ

˿ͷҲ׷һʱ֮䣬˶ԹͲ͵²ˡ
ˣٱԹˣټ£ʮҲ͵ˣʱҷŴҵļ١Ϊ׵ĳ˰ο
˵ϴҪϢһ߰ɣⶼ죬ֵ߲ˡһСӳεľʿ
ԣϴϢһ߰ɡ
ϴ󣬾Ϣһ°ɡ˷׷װȴɫһҿɸǣ⳵ϵݿ޴Ԫ˧µһӣ˾͵ظ£ǲϢɡ
ԣһ飬ѣĻаɡ
ĵ˵ͷߵǰ棬Ϊһֻİս֮רŸȫ·
ǰСϣȻ飬һ£Ƴİս֮Ľѡ
ûĸϣԼµıǿģһȻϣԼµıǿġ
յϳʱҲݺݵĲµľʿϧֻǹͨƽ񣬲ôѵҲսɱİս֮ȣ󲻵ò
е޸пǰһɫ信ϴųɷ깧ֵҲ˴죬ǲͣ³Ե㶫Ϣһ£Щֵʵܲˡ
һӳʮξСս°ٳǳĺ֮ˡ
һȺֻ֪ԺȵľҷǸǾ˶ˡû˵µһжӳһЦ
ɫ΢΢һ䣬ȻзŭѣҲòϣµЩЩս֮˵ǾҷһҲΪ
һ˵жӳֿһεĳüͷһ壬ðɣǾϢƬ̣Ե㶫·
лһм˹֣ȴһĮĿûпһۣǰٰս֮͵Ϣ
ৡ˶һֱڵϣóеĸڼûһ˵
ֿһԼЩᣬ໥˵ص£޲Ҹضȥˡ
ʵڲ˼Щս֮һ𣬳˹Լ˹ȥ
ϴ󣬿һȫڵÿλӡ
˵ͷɻû£·Ե֮Уһ޴Ľſֲܣ
áɫһ䣬һѰγ־򱳺ȥ
ϡ
һ֮𣬳һ𣬻ڿѣҲ׷ɶȥδŪô£һ̣ıı⵽Ȼػ
䡭
һ죬廯ΪһѪ⣬ը
һǵĳôòס
ͻȻľ佫Աߵĳȫˣʱǰ棬ı֮Ҳ𣺡
һӰϢ
໡
컯ΪһͺһβǰеʮԼɨɳȥ漴ҲӴӰһΪһ⣬Щݵ˹ȥ
䡭
һ·ݵȫƷڵأгȫӴײɳȥ
סס


028 ս
׷ǴƻѣɲôЩΪ쿿һֵĺˣٰս֮Ȼǰ壬ٶޣԶ
ǳս֮Ĳ࣬ƽʱͨƽ񻹿ԣҪƴǾͲˣս֮;սҲͽ֮⣬ǿĵ˶Ųסǡ
Ļ쵰ȫ
ųľٶŭԵļһɨ㽫ɱߣӱ۴
һгʧɫһۣһҧȥ
ɱ
໡ΪЩͨĳ֮أǱ˹ȥ
ϡ
ǽ˸ۼ֮ϣɲôʹͿֺһЩﵽĳҲһ׺ۡ
ȴֻҪ΢İڶһӴ壬ܽɳȥ
Ȼܸһ˺Ȼٶ˲٣ʱ׷Ѿ
ȥ
ɢļµĽãȥҲʾȭգ߶սһȭȥ
໡
һͳ֮һȭͷ֮һȥ
ǰսȻӰеļ£ȴû˿η뾪ţ߸߾𣬶ݺݵ˹ȥ
䡭
֮ƺһ˫ãôţƬ֮ӰȻըΪһɿ񱩵ʶӦ㱻ɿݺݵĺţ˱㵹ɳȥ
໡һưӰһڣҲЩװݵȥ
ȥ
ǳƬβɨɳȥɫһƬҰףһסǵѪܣٴλȥ
Ӱ׶
ãһʱΪãź¡¡ķ֮ɽ֮¡
սһ䵹еһɫ΢΢һ䣬ʹȭ֮£ֻβһڣɨȥ
䡭ãβݺݵĺһһһ֣˽ã֮£ԭΪĽãֻǻӰȴ뵱ǽãβ֮ʱǼӲۼ׾Ȼ֮顣
໡
һʹ﷢ӴҲȻ
סӰ쿴һ۸ղűеĵطƬۼѾȫ飬¶ɺһƬѪǻ
ƻҹ־һãһŭ
ҪҵҲ̫Сˡһߣ˫צճȭľȭӰȥ
䡭ȭཻͬʱˣȥ˲䣬һβɹȥɫ䣬Ͻǰ
񡣡һ죬βݺݵĺ֮ϣǾ޴˳ֱ۷ɴܶϡ
䡭
һıֱ֮ըֱѪģѪ
ۡ
ϴܣอըȫˣһſڱ³һѪҲɳȥ
졣
Ӱ磬ŵɵȥ˻ų嵽һ룬ȭͷϺںΪһ仯һξ޴ȫɢܵ
İս֮һΣգܻ᲻һŭ𣬶ȥ
䡭
սָ֮ս֮໥ɱУֵĴ򶷣޷֯ǿΣûϵƣǺηɱϾʵ̫
һȥܶǾŵһΪѪ⣬Ƭ̣ʮ
Щ˵ûһֵǳɹĵ˷ٳʱѾ߰˳ɣȻٴˣȴǺء
ɱ
ս֮һŭΧ˹һǵԾʿ֮зɳʹԼǿս˹ȥ
һȭһȥ֪ȭͷûкϣӰһΣԱ߶ȥ
һգȭٳԱߵһȥȭźڰգ֮ǰߵȻ˫ۣǳһ㣬ٴκɱ
ͬʱԱߵһҲӱһѴ


029 ּ
ˣٰս֮һҲ˫ۣеݺݵĻк죬Ȼ㣬˷ǹĵطûС
鼱֮£ֻñؾᣬӴЩİս֮ײȥܿĹ
䡭
ս֮ײɣͬʱϵҲݺݵĴϣȻۻϰһϣǴʹõʹ̣һЩ֮¾Ȼ͸Ѫ
ҿܡӰٴγǰʱ˫۳죬ȫ죬챻Χ֮ʣݺݵ˹
һݣҪܣĹӲͬͬʱ
ŭһʱףδдĺôҲдĻ֮£ܵĹͲô
鼱֮£֮һתֻȻһǿĽ⡣
ݡλȫڴʱݺݵĺǽ֮ϣϵɫȴȻһ䣬Ⲣǻϲãǲͺʲô˼һ㡣
ȥһŭԽ֮дűһĽãһڴеûзӦ㱻ãһ
ãˡɫ䣬˴ԼŽ֮гȥ
嵽֮ǰӽ֮ʣȻʧ֮ǰҲˣֵֻһЩݣһȹӰ
һ
һӣһ·ǿĻϢȥ
ϡ
ݺݵĺһ𣬷һǱЩİս֮ܲסĳʮ˱ˣõս֮ȫźˡ
һʮףǿѹסϴܵϢһŵؿ죬㵽˻
ʱı仯Ҳһؿ죬ղȫΪϮǣͻȻ仯ˣ⵽޻ˡ
޴ﵽһ߶ȿԱ仯ˣڳ˶֪ܱ仯˵һǿֲĴڣǰһֻޣʵǳĿֲ˸ûĶԸ
ɴӸղűֳʵǰˣӦ˵ǹʵǺǿﲻޱ˵Ҫ
˵һˣղɵĹôͣ
Ūףһʱ֮Ȼ칥
ֻҪ֪ɱǵıˡȻһ䣬Ӱ磬һ˹ȥ
ˡ֪ĿֲϽѣȴӰ磬𣬱ѵǰ

ͷݺݵ£鼱֮£ֻûӽͷ֮ϡ
ϡ
һݺݵͷ֮ϣֻһ죬ѶΪء

Ĳҽ﷢ͷһ룬ҲȻֹ
Ļ쵰ҸƴˡѣЩǸܶ£ֵ֮ܣŽƬ̣ϣβŭ
ƴˡʣµһҲ˫ۣųɱ
ɱЩɢİս֮ҲŭٴΧ˹
һʵͬСɣڻΪ״̬µҲӲοԱ߻һһȺս֮͸Եֵˡ
ûκεĳɣӰһܹһɻûվȣѾı
ȥһŭǳŰսݺݵĴǰ˹ȥ
ȥɡ󷽣һյӰһתĺҲ˹
ߵٶȶ磬ȫǰһܵĻᶼûС
Ҳǰ档һŭȫߵĹżƿǰ˹ȥ
뱳ȳ֣ȳֵģʱҲţĽһ̴塣
ԣһûη壬ûжеֻǲмĳ
ϡ
ݺݴ֮ϣǿĿǳ˳ֻҪһԷɱ½ôһ˲䣬Ľȴһһ
ֵǣϲûп־壬෴ӦȴǸŨĳ


030 پ
֮ʣһ̣ϵЦȻһ䣬ɫҲһӱòҰףΪ֣Լٴ̽ȥֺ
ʱҲݺݵĴĺ֮ϣԭʮĽɱһ̣ķ֣Լʹ̲ȥֺ
˶Ī֮ʣͻȻ۵һ³һƷѪһһ̣еͷһ¡
ۡ
ֻһͷһֱ£һ̣һĵʹſھҪУôһ
һɱҪתԸɴʱЩս֮ѳ嵽ǰǱγһܲ͸Ľǽ˷̹
áɫһ䣬˶ĹףҲֻܵ·һ
䡣֮һתȻһǿĽ⣬һ̣Ѵϡ
ϡ
֮Щս֮ͻȻ֣ǴеĲǸղǸᣬ֮ǰǸֲĹޣֻǴʱ֮ǰôצһ𣬲ˣȫһǽ˸ۼ֮ʱȴֻһ׺ۡ
ЩϵСӳǵҲֻǿЩۼ׸ѣ̽ȥܡ
ȥɡ
һŭŵβһɨʱʮս֮ɨɳȥ

һͻȻӦһĹݺݵĴ֮ϣСæֵûü
飬壬ֻ֮ϴĵʹ
սҰ
ŭ﷢ֻȭգһӰȭͷ֮һǴԼһȥ
ͷ죬һ֣һΣˣõӰһȻһЩΧİս֮ȴûжٴʮ
ȻΪηǳ֮׶࣬Ҳƽʱһ룬һ࣬õܴᣬټ֮ǰܵˣʱϢңģһ㡣
ɱǿŭ֮ĩһŭ𣬴ʣµİս֮ٴγ
ɱˣ첢û˿η壬ŵĴЦɣɣɣҾǼʶһҸѧս
£ֻצǰһŹֵƣ漴ȫۼͻȻһȵϢȻ٣õΧĿһ¾ڻ¯һ㣬ϵۼҲһ̱ûһƬ
پ졣
˫צʽһ䣬ֻһ죬ΧĿ֮ͻȻСǣǲϱ仯໥㼯һγ׳Ļڿ

гİս֮һ˲ȫȻȼĲҽ𣬾Ǿĵ֮дһ㣬λҲܿսѵֵ
췢ĴЦ֮нӡٱ䣬һХ·
áɫ䣬תҪ룬ɻɢѹ̫õڵսѹƣӦٶȱƽʱһ룬Ÿתһѵͷ
䡭һͷԣŴŻһĿϢĴɢһʯӰ㣬ըɳȥ˻ڰգѪֹ
Ȼս֮УõǲǱڱը֮ʬ޴档
ͬʱΪҲǿֲը֮׷ɳȥڰգ̫Ҳάֲ֮سģ
ۡ
䵽ϣ³һѪɫһҲòҰסʱϳױöɵļȹزλס֮⣬ϵ·ڸղŵĻըȫճ˻ҽ
ǳ൐ѪŲٵ˺ۣǸһۼ˸ԴʱڲͣѪ
Ҫ֪ȻԽڵ֮仯Ϊܵˣڱ֮ͬڣЩƵ֮ҲƳϡ
ϾЩ۶Ƥ仯ɣƣҲζƤƣȻ˵ǵ㲻˶󣬵˵̫࣬˱
˵ʮָȻ˵ǲӰʹȴ˸о˺ѷΡ
ʱ֮ϣ˻һ㣬¶ɺļ⣬Ǿҵʹõȫڲ
óҩתϵļһ䶯һ㽫󲿷ݵѪֹס


031 ŭ
ûϵƣ컺ߵڵϣѪֻʣСǰ棬Ц˵ʵҺ㣬µľʿҲǳ㣬ǴڵжԹϵǲɱ㡣
ɱˡҰɣò˶ãϡʤΪᡭ˫ͨ죬ȻȻûһ˿η壬֮ȴ˲ʡ
ȻⲻʲǲʾȻܸ죬ʱѾ첢ö٣ֻҪмʿڣԽɱ
ϧ¸ղΧʱѾȫԭвٳŵģϧЩҷǱȥĹΣټֲʵˣҪȻ˾͸ûһλá
ķǧСж񶾵
Ȼ֪ʤˣһؿ
ߡһ˵ʱﲻӿѪҲ˵ˡ
˵ˣҲһתһϣһӣԴѾ˼ҡ
쿴һǱپ챬ըȼݣϸһĨ⣺پȷʵʡҲֽš
پǰȭ֮еĵУǵ·ϣһˣһȭµʽ
ɵ֮ȴ֣ԭȭĺʼѾȭķΧһ־ԭɻаȭô᲻ȭˡ
СһЩǿڴԼľ֮ԼľһԼȴĵΪЩ֮ԽȭӦڰȭĻϴġ
С˵룬ҲȻ
ԭҪѧĺģ죬ûһչС˵ȻĺǲҪںвأ
ɵʱΧûкӶûУ첻ѣֻپ죬پǿֲ֮ҲǴ˺ð춼ûع
ʱ㱻ıըըˡ
ֻϧһоѧʱһĵս̫Ӵ󣬲򲻵ѣǲʹá
ڷ£ֵ۹Ӫ֮Уһʿŵܵ˧ʣԪ˧²ãǵݱ٣׼ŵľҲȫա
ʲô֮е˧޺꽨ֵ۹ʸ͵һ´λվһλ뷢ף˫ɱ߸һܵʿǰץסղ˵ʲô˵һ顣ڻɸղԼˡ
ǵݱ٣ľҲˣӳҲʿɫףĵ
һȫһ˫۹ĵþͭ壬ôܣѺݹǳһǧ»ٰս֮ҹֵ۹ڣ˭Ƕ֡
ǾʿΪߵ˫ʹͨ죬һϵĺߵ侲һ£˵
³ɣǹֵ۹Ĵ֮һҳϣͬʱҲĸףһ£Ⱦ̲ס
ͷ侲ûˣǰúõģھô׵ľûˡ³ȫ˻ˣȴſ˾ʿ
ͷΪӻǹֵ۹ҺӼһλϣҲʸʵǿʡ
³֣ܸڼҲûãֻ֪񣬲Ϊ𡣡һͷҲһվȰ˵޺ֵ۹Ĵ֮һ޼ҵһʳϡ
˵ô£ϸһҲô³ɳ˫ۣȫǣһͷħŵǾʿ˿ĳɣϽش
Ѳ֮ʱʮ̻𣬱ȥصʬѾչݣͼλӳʬȫǶӳ
أЩأ³ʵ
ֳҵ˳ʬٲݵĳ˶ټʿɫףԼʸֵϢһʿܲˡ
Ļ쵰һǱǿˡ³ɫɱһҪȫҡ
ڳû˵ǶǾʿǾİս֮ӱǶʹޡ
ж֪޺ͻȻɫʵҲص˼㣬ǳæֻʳֻʣһ죬ԭѺӽܸϵһȻû⡣
ʮݾ٣ѺŵڶݹҪʮϣ´ضҡġ


032 Ѳ
С֮⣬û֪ʿشӳѾ˽öκ£ɱ⡣
ܺá޺صͷŤͷԱߵļˣӰһΪһ⣬žӪɱȥ
Σ޺꽨λʸֱ㵽·أصʬѾճɻҼݣһ˫ͨ죬ȫ졣
νʤȫ׼ʮ꣬ԭǱʤ֣֮ݱգߵʤٵüɣȻ⻹Ϣй¶֮£⻹һ֮ɱʤ۹
ֻɱȥʳ䣬һ֮ȫ֪ʳһ£ʱĶҡʤ㽫ٴδ
³ɣ׷ּҵʬ壬˫۾鶼һƬͨ죬ȫټŤףħɡ
ڴ˵Сӳ˵ĵϽܹսս¼Ԫ˧뼸λˡ
š޺꽨˵ͷСӳʲô֣
Ԫ˧˵µʬȫǵģûе˵ʬ壬⣬ץһЩܵĳõһЩϢûСӳ˵꣬³ɱ㼱ɴǸҴҵҪм
ǡСӳŲԶ»˻֣Ƭʮһֵĳ㱻Ѻ
ŭ³ȫɱ죬ȭͷҪȥЩӱɱԱߵ޺ȴסȰôöС
³ǿеɱ⣬ʵ˵ﵽ׷ʲô£
Ǳ̹ǵһڳȫһͨһȫ˵ϡ
λˣһһ˺һߵͷϳŽǵĹϮǣһбɱǳ
ųǲľ˵꣬޺꽨˳֮⣬ĻлɣǿɭźԶľ룬и߼
Ҿи߼ޱ仯ҲûҪϮݣϾǴֳĺۼԷĿƻݣᣬûгûҪ飿
˵ˣܹεжǿǶ֪˵ǸһȺʿϼһټϺڷµʮҲδһ޵Ķ֡
ˣǲ鿴ֳȷʵкܶ޵צӡСӳʱվ˵
üͷһ壬ӻȥ
СӵĴ£˲鿴µЩצӡüͷԽԽɫҲޱȵأð죬޺꽨ſλʣʵλǰǶô
ӦɡӻʵӦֻǿﵽҪȻױᱻ˵ôѣֻ޴ӺζΪʲôҪٵǵݣ͵úú˼һˡ
᲻ǵϢ©ʤǱġ޺ޱȵأʤˣ֤Է֪ǵļƻɱȥ¾ˡ
һ˶ʱĬˣһӻɫصҡͷʤûֻޣҲû˵Ǳߵĸշޡ
ʤ˭ƻǵݣ޺꽨˵Է̰ͼЩݣɵƻӰǶʤĴս֮⣬ûκεĺôʤ֮⣬ֲֳֺõ飬˸ɰ
Ȼ벻Ǿͱˡ³Щ˵ҲôɳѲֻҪץסʲôˣ
޺꽨ˣԷôǿѲһ˻һ˿Եģڴսڼݱ٣ҪɳȥһֻޣЩԸ⣬ٿɱʤ֮ѡ
ѳҲãԺƻǵݣǾͲˡӻ˼һµɳʮСӰɣÿСһжӳһСӵİս֮ҲӰǹʤ⣬һ򸽽ļǳɳְæѲ
ҿԡ޺˼£ͷͬ⡣
λ϶ͬˣ޺꽨Ԫ˧ҲԲˣֻͬ⣬漴ֱصʵڸô죬ʳֻһ죬һʳûˣĽҡ
ֻʳӻɫõĵ
ʮʳÿҪǳӴ󣬼ܵʳ޺ҾǵҲ֮˵֮Ԫ˧ԼĶʱ䣬ʱ߱ϣʤ۹βѹˣ׼ľȫˣڶ
Ҳûа취Ϊǵԭ۹Ĵ¡ӻһȻصоʿ͵ؿ֦һֻҪڰ֮ڳȥʱԾ͵زʳ


033 ɢϢ
һƬ֮еһʯ֮Ѫ촦һϵˣȻȻȴóһӵ״ϣ֮ȥ
˸е˼ǣϵףȻǹֵ۹ľףһòմѪҾҲѪĨһ㡣
磬̫ðˣڵ״̬˵Ǽʸ֣һСӰս֮ҲܽɱˡС
ûа취ˣֻðһԡ˵ţǰȥ
磬ôðֵôСȰ˵ʤֻҪʵǿǹֵ۹ֻаͽķݣҶô
еĵС㲻һʱҲ˵塣ҡҡͷ˵ڵʵ˼ˣһʤҲǣ
ȻСƴȰ˵ȴǰȥߵķǺڷ¹ִפ֮
վסǰͻȻһȣ̧ͷһһСӹֵ۹İս֮ǣ첢ûк£ŽŲȥܵΪ׵ǰһͷԵǰˣˣǵȫһˣǵҲȫɱˣǽҲɱδ˵꣬ͻȻðڵѪҲ˫һڵ²ʡ
ԣȫʧɫ˴ӵĽ֮⣬˸֪ݱһ£ֻ˵һڸѲôһ˵
ˣȫˣûʳǻô̡
ϿֻһʳûʳŶӣƴ

졣Ϊ׵жӳһȣ»δʵú¡
һȫ졣
ΪжӳĿһתǰ죬һĨŨصɱ⣬סʿȥԪ˧ղ֮¡
гӺܴɱ죬ֻ˸Ϊɣ˽͵Ԫ˧ͺʲô֪һ㣬ʱԪ˧˵Ҿģϲɱˣûٻɡ
ǡʿǰ̧žӪɱȥжӳ˼Ѳ죬жӳȻĻ񣬵ΪЩԶûпĳ࣬ҲǸͬ
ȻЩ죬沿ȴܴټѪۣҾŵģжӳû뵽ԼҪҵ˾Ȼ
ʿ̧һ·ɱͻȻ֮䣬ȫһڴڵѪ³ŵ˻Ϊ̫ܵ죬ϼˣϽ
ѵۣϢίң˫ؿʿصλֵܣǱˣҲˣϽȥ֪ͨԪ˧Ѳǹǽˣ϶ܲԶѲüܵԺǵݶᱻٵ
ֵܣܶλʿ˫ۺᣬȻ첢ʶǰս֮һǾͲĽ춪¡
ҲˣǾ㽫̧ȥҲˣʱ䣬ʱǹӵԺǵľܵв˵ţٴӿѪ
⡭λʿ£վһ񣬵ֵܶԲסˣģǾԲǹӵ
ʿһۣһ˵ȥ֪ͨСӡ
һ˵ͷãȥ֪ͨԪ˧
˵ӰԶȥǼ˫ͻȻþ䣬ԵһԾ¶ɫ񣬵˽Ϣ֮󣬵ʱֵ۹ĴʲôΡ
ꡢǡġ
磬áСµĵԭǴ㵽ֵ۹ľӪ֮нϢɢȥģСһֱȰ˵̫Σˡ
ȴû뵽⻹ûԷӪһӾʿȻֵȥϢȻЩжӳ֪񣬵˲֪жӳҲܶ˵͸֤ʵ顣
˿ӡ
ɣûȥϢˡϹֵ۹ѵźڷ·ɱȥ
ֵ۹ʿ֪Ԫ˧Ѿ֪ݱһ£𼱻ǵȥ֪ͨˣôһ֣ԭֻк֪飬һӱӪ֪
˵ûʳ˶ˣǿƴ飬ԵĶûˣƴ
ʿˣ޺꽨˸ǼŭӣϽˣȻҲûƭң˵ʳһ£޺꽨ȴǳľԼھеĴʤķضֻҪɱǱߣʳгԲľ⣬ֻҪ´󹦣Ϊ壬һҫ
һֵ۹ľʿû½٣ȲûԤϵġ


034 
УһֻèڲݴУضǰһӹֵ۹İսʿһСӣǿһСӳ
ƽʱ⣬ɴʱȴûһ취
ģֵ۹˷Ӧôô죿üͷһ·Ѿֵ۹ľʿҪȻͻȥˡ
˵ţǰľʿͻȻó֮һ䡣
áɫһ䣬ֻڵĵطһֻݵıԭĵط
жǰľʿ߲һһŭеȫ׼˹
ݡ
ƿʮֻ޿ɶ㣬һԾ·Щȥ
ϡ
һ֮ɳȥһЩԭ·˻ȥ

ʿ˸ţʱҽ˸ǱҪ
ɱ
Ϊ׵СһȣҲ죬ƻĳ˹ȥ

쾡ɣҵ˶ȴˣõ˿ڲѪǴҵʹҲѪҲﲻϵĴŴ
գۼ䣬һСӵİս֮㵽ǰĺɱԴһΡ
ҪҵҲҪǸʵСɭȻɱһӣŶԷ˹ȥ
ݡãֱ趯ϼÿһܻһʿ

Ĳҽʿ˳·ϡ
ϧϵ̫أû£Щֲ֧סòͣһݵʱ䣬Щʿȫ嵽ǰ
ɱ
ŭ𣬵ã
ȥҧǿϵˣһӣ㽫ǰɳȥͬʱĽãһ
ϧȻסǰĹߺұĹȴɵ˶
ݡ
Ź񺿰ƿֱԴ
ϡ
ͬʱԴ֮ϣȴһ֮ûԤ֮еԴΪԴ֮ϣͻȻһ˸
Ȼûش죬Ǿ޴Դһ¡
硣Դ֮ͻȻС쾫һߵ˱˹ȥ
ۡ
ãһ˱ն
ϡ
ͬʱұһݺݵĴϣҺСӦʱ׽䵲סǾ޴ȴõֱӵɳȥ
ΧˡСӳһȣھʿֿΧˮйͨȴûټŹ죬ʱ˶ǿ֮ĩ
ԵϼѵĨһǵѪĿɨһΧľʿսĿⶨСӳϣһصѵΪƾǾҪҵ
ҪҪһ֪Сӳ˫ɱԭΪԼȴȻûԼš
ɻ֮ʣǿϢһԶȥõɫ䡰ģʱ䣬Ȱ֡
磬ÿռŲǼϢ֮Уʸ֣ͲܹԸ˵ġСżغ
ҲеǼĲǿϢٷϻóעһսУʱãһĽγһã󣬻ûΧΧľʿŪʲô׹һʧ
⡭ǰտҲ֮أоʿĿɿڴСӳҲûм͵
ݡӰͣھʿĿɨһۣ³ɵʵأ
Сӳȫһ飬Ͻǰżһ֧˺ð죬ʵڲ֪ô˵ֻʵصʧˣͻȻǰʧˡ
ʲô³ɫһΪСӳûסԷҽڣԱߵĺӻԣȴɫ΢΢һ䣬Ѹղŵϸ˵һ顣
ǡСӳĸаɣϽղһ˵˳ʱ³ɱ֮£ȫ
Сӳ˵ӻɫΪÿ޺޺꽨˵ɫҲܲãŭе³ɫҲǶܿСӳû˵١
һӻӶԷӦʹ˿ռŲ


035 ļҴ
޺ͷɫصصϴڳϳֵöռŲ䵽ʤ۹Уһڻ˾ңһԼң֮ˡ˵ţ̾ϢһӣʤѾǵľٶ׼һЩˡ
ߣȥ׼սӻһȵɳȥ˶ҳ
߰ɡ˶ɫصصͷǶףԷſռŲ˲ңҲǶ࣬ҵҲסԷ
׹һһƬԭ֮ϣһһƨڵϣһߴŴһŤͷһۣܳ˻߲ԭ֮⣬һӰ
Ҳ֪ڵʲôطǧ˼֮ǣһҪȥԷѾաҡҡͷϾǵ֮ɫ
óҩһ˿ϣƬ֮о˿ڲôʹ
ϢһӣԵһ۷򣬶ӡеʤȥ
һ˰ʱûһӰ˻ߵĲԭǻߵĲԭΪԼ͵ĸԭʱһƬҰݲͬɫ֮С
߽һʱϲΪһƬɫȻׯڣׯھʹˣ˾Լڵķλ
ӿ첽һӺһСӣӲٻˣƺİ˵ǿ죬Ŀж˺档
ΪѪ˶ҿһʧĶ㿪
λûж⡣¶һĨ΢ЦԼһ㡰ֻǳһЩ⣬ˣ£ʲôط
ȫҡͷû˸ҿ죬ԭ߹ȥģһȫʧԶ롣
ûа취ŵЩĴֻվԭأŴ֪ˣһг߳ġ
룬Ƭ̣һȺһλߵĴ˹ǲôѺãһȫŹ
Ϊ׵һ죬ûж⣬˰˰ֵеļһЩǿ
峤ô֪һĿĴ󺺵Щǿô죿
İɣ˫峺ṵ̂˲ᣬںЩǿڵô߷ǳŵ˵漴ղŻҲûǿһѴ󵶣ĸԡ
˼ңȶһ
˲ضôˣʲôҪǰô¶ô˵õôأ
ϵ˲ҪЦЦһ£ʲôط
ԣһĨ죬Ͻ͵ҳһ⣬ͻȻ
ԭߵ˵ͷʤֵ۹Ľ֮ļҴ塣
ԣһȻڽ֮أǾûдԶϻȥӦûüĸң֪ڷжԶ
Ҳûй̶Ĺ˭ռǾĸҵˡһ΢Цڷǵ֪һٶʮ
һٶʮüͷһ壬һٶʮʵ㲻˶ԶռŲܹǧŴһٶʮѾˣ·̶˵ȴʮֵңԶûǱ뵽ȴҪϵ
˼һ쿴ߵ˼ңм±ϸϵڷ£֪ܲŪҡ
˵ţóңݸ˵Ǯǳ͡
Žңȫ˫һϾ˷֮ɫҶЩͨƽ˵һʴ롣
˿һ죬¶һĨΪ֮ɫԭΪӽ̫٣óȴ˸ûнӽҡͷӲԸ⣬Ǵûƥ㲻ǵǿ԰һţ㡣
üͷһ壬ţɱҪ̫֮࣬ǰδܹϵϣµҲûа취ֻõͷǾ˼ˡ
Сһ׮ߺǺһЦ󳵻Ҫһʱ䣬ȵǴϢһ°ɡ
л˽ӲСҺȫòЩҲûУ񴩵·ҲãһЩ·ûУȫ൐
߾סõģǽûҲȫȴޱȵļª˼֮⣬Ҳֻһӡ


036 ļҴĹ
ȵˮɡ£һͷ׵űһˮע⵽ȱһӡ
Ǵı飬ףⲻģǼûк롣
Ҳûӹ룬мŵһлллš
һˮ㲻ͺá¶Ц
ս˲ٵѪʱڿʣ
ˬڣڸ
ллš콫뻹ˣ˵ÿ
˱죬УҲ֪ļҴȫ嶼ģļҸգļҴĴ峤ҲǴﱲ֮ˣĶӡ
ļҴⷽԲʮΨһĴӣԭҲвٴׯֻսŪǳļ࣬嶼ˡ
ΪʲôҲأʵ
滹һͨˣﶼѹķݡ߻ûشһ󺺱
İļҸյһ۴󺺣󺺲˵ϵıȴίһתֳš
ļҸҡҡͷ̾һܹȥΪǱǴӺùһЩȥ֮㹻ֵ֧ҵµĵط
ǴȴУҲˣǴƽʱԲĻһһ뿪ֻж
û⣬ﻹЩңŹ뿪ˡ챻ߵĴ򶯣óһѽңŸղûнӵЩһø
ȴɫһˣѽɣ˵˲ձ㲻գļ˴ʳǣұֻ뿪ˡ
ǲĽҡԱߵҲ˵Ľңᱻ˴ǵġ
λǼᶨı飬ֻý
λɫ¶Цݣ
ת۰ʱȥİٴţŪˡ
Сֵܣͷ֪м£ͲˡļҸվһЦ
л˼ҡλ˹һİһš
ţܼ򵥣ƽСӣһӣţϡ
İһţİбһ죬ţ֫ɱȥ
һϳæתˣҲûİ˵Ҫ֪ϻȥԵһսڱ뾡ܵ˶һ㡣
һʱ֮𽥰ҺɫҴʱֵ°룬ɫɳһڵϣ·յһƬ
Ǹˣ˯š˫۽գһİֹһû
ԾûȤİҲ죬רĵĸţ
תʱȥҹѰ룬ǽ˫۵΢΢ۣǰİİ磬ʲôʱˣ
ʱİ䲻ȵĵֹһ䡰һΪһֱ˯ȥأ
Ǻǡ
쵭ȻһЦҲƽϣʵܸ˵˵ǴΪʲôûаô
ҸײǸ˵ˣûлһ뿪Ӿ͵öİĮصȴиܵһɷŭ
֪ԭ򡣡쵭ȻһЦԸң˵ҿ԰ǵġ
ܰǣİؿ죬һĨм
˵˵û˵ô֪ҰﲻأǺЦ
İĬˣƺڿǷܰǣһа̾Ҳܰأ
һ˿ϣİ˵֮£ԭΧһʮӣ䶼󣬵ÿҲżˣΪش߽磬սϣǵҪطĴܶ࣬㻹ܹȥ
ɾǰļҴ嶫ʮﴦɽ﷢һأñһǿˣǿһռرΧӷҪÿһڿ
ڿҲûʲôЩ˻κεı꣬ҾʳҲͶִ󣬺ܶ۵ˣÿһһ׳꣬ׯҲû֣ʹôҵճɴ
ʵûа취Ĵ峤׼Щǿ£ǲǼһЩڿ󣬻߶ԷһЩ꣬Ҳýӹȥ
û뵽ǻǿ˲û̸ǽǰȥ̸˱һ٣Ĵ峤ȥ󲻾ñˡ
ͨ£ǳףЩǿ˸ûǵ˿ȫΪǹūһЩӱĵĴ뿪⡣
˼һ˵ĶǷǳģ±׼ˣ֮ǰһµĿʵܲˣҪһΪɣ˻
ǰǿҲǵ˶ˣԺû˰ڿҲͷ˻ȥǻһ֮ǰҲûָһ¡


037 ս
һص壬ҹĵ뿪ˣǿ֪֮Ѿ죬Ͳ֪ߵȥˡ
ɻЩ˶һ㣬Щǿҵǿд˻ڵʱЩǿΪˣɱ˲ˡ
ļҴǱ׷Ĵ֮һ
İ˵ʱ׷ĴĸУ׳ҪôҪôЩǿߴֻʣһЩ档
ûڿ֮£ЩҲǸȥڿ󣬶һĸŮǴȥйˣĸӾûˣֻʣļҴ塣
ԭļҴҲнǧ˵Ĵ壬ЩҲֻˣлҪɳ˵ɽϸڿ
İҲѪӣ˵Щ飬Ҳ˫ۺᡣ
֪Щǿ˵ʵôôʵҲЩǿ˵Ϊеŭ
ٶˣȫߣжǿǶ֪İҡҡͷĿڴ
ȴʹ˲˵ǲļҴ壬ʱŸҪҪǻǿ˵ʵҲ
Ҫ֪սһһʤУľͲǼ˵ļҴ壬ǼٸļҴ壬ǼǧļҴ塣
Ȼһ˵ʵޣҲ֪ƥĵΪһʤˣӦûȥһá
ͻȻ˵İʧ̾ϢһҡҡͷҲ˵ֻרĵĸţ
û˵Ҳٴα
תѳһƬϼ˻һ㣬ɢ
תͻȻָǰһ˵
㲻Ҫȥڷôİɻؿ조ڷӦֱǰʮ㵽ˡ
֪ͷתһС͵һƥ·Щ
İͷҲ˵
һӱ㵽һҴŽգſдһֵĵǰİͣ¡
ˡһţİһеı׼ȥȴȴһץסıӵһ¡
ҲûİʻߵǰƬ̣Ŵ򿪣һֵϰŹǷ߳ûҪʲôץһѽгЩǮȫʳҰᵽţϡ
⣬һǴ⣬ӵ˯ȫޣϽмְʳİ˽һʳᵽԼϣ춼ûӦ
һŶɻصѵ㻹ҪҰʳ͵ȥʱİЩŭҪ֪æŻȥɻڴһŪɽڿȥˣڵЩ˾͵ƴ͵˶
ЩʳļҴġ
˻һİɫ䣬ļҴȻӹúܼ࣬ȴй˭Ҫһݣ֮ǰýңļҸվͲܾ
ļഫ꣬Щʳȥͷ
û˵ٴγ֪Щʳȥϴ峤϶ͷ㣬ڿŴܳͷ֮ѡԸѡһ
⡭İˣɫҲǱĪ⣬ܿ칰һлĴİ
ҡҡͷ֮ǰ˵㣬ȴзǳҪȥʱﲻ㣬ֻҪˣһȥļҴ塣
˵ţóһĴİУЩңţȴֲ֧סʱͳЩʳΣô
лİҲûƳ٣ֻ칧ľһʱӰѾʧ
ɱɱɱ
æڷ£֮⣬ɱһݡãѾʼˡ
޺ݺݵĳʹ֮ȥ
Ӫյģһˣ֪˶嵽±ߣΪҶףֻнϿȲлὫִסһǳ͵ֵס
һԾ±߷ɱȥƬ̣ɱ˫ǰ
ʱϿ֮ѶִľͷϴʤʿӣӦٵԷɱġ
ֵ۹Ĵÿϱһ֦ɵľţһȥ֮Ӱ󶨣ȻεЩʿȴǳϤûһ㲻ʣȻѵ˵ġ
ΪڻŵľʿվžĹִΪһļ꣬籩һ㣬ǵص춼Ϊ֮һ


038 ʳ
Һãʤһ׼Ȼüûдװȴ֮¾͵ȡģһ֦һһصľڵڳٵĿӣԷһǱڿľס
֮⣬һЩʿ͸µĶףóԷЩڼŵĹ־ʿԷɲٵЩŵľʿֻţûһϿգһˣ޵ԨһëȻҽ֮⣬ʲôʣ¡
У̫󣬼ȥȥҲʧ롣޺꽨վڶ£Щ½ӰϿȵĹ־ʿһƬʹԱߵ޺ϣҾɱȥԷѹסС
û뵽֮оȻҲʸ֣ͷ͵³˶ǡ޺ɫɭȻصͷİɣһҡ
ԭ֮ǰֵ۹Ѿ֣˽ܺãҪɱʤ֮УԱǣùִ
ɾʱʤ֮ͻȻðһǿϢһʣʻԣֵϾ͵費Ҫġ
ʵĻӻд󾪣뼯֮нλʻɱǶʱߴߣûƬ̱Զս
迴λʸǶԷλʵĶ֣Ĵӳͼжӳһ֧ԮȻֻһȺԷ˵ʵ̫󣬵˶࣬ҶһĬһֺηȻĽ³ɸ
һһʣʵѹͼ᲻٣ʵرºӻ޺˶ʱҲò¶Է
ѾԶսӻҲע⵽Ƕڽ뵽֮ǰʵĻǵĶԷʹõɽ֮ƣʸֵսʱʤ߳һʶǵĴгɱǺ롣
ԣ޺ʱķ˻
ִеǺܿۼнʮˣгжӳϵľ٣ıԪʦ޺꽨
ɱ
޺һûзϻһȣ˷Ծ𣬾һЩŵľʿŶ԰ȥ
ȷʵһ߿ɱȣЩֻ£Ҳƽذķȥû˿Ĳη塣
áʤһλٿĸ֣ʧɫ죬Ҷ䣬ǳ
ݡ
꣬񺿰ƿ֮ȫ
СƣҲҵҡ޺һߣΪƬƬãЩȥ㾡ɳȥ
԰޺꽨޺²ɵǰ壬ûܻ˿¶һĨϲ⣬ȵ䣬ݺݵ䣬һҪѹסԷ
ݡ
Ƶ˱ļʤһȥ

أĲҽȻ綼ڽĹ֮󣬿Щ¶̫򵥣Խ¡
꣬ʤľʿȥ٣ǵĹҲԷȫѹƣõ޺׵ر˹
ɱ
޺һϰһ㻯ΪʹߣϵոʤʿЩνĹ£Щǰֽһ԰
ҳ壬һҪǵסһʤжӳ˫ս֮гĴ£ﵽʤٳ˳ȥ
ɱɱЩֵӡʤʿ󷽣һ΢֣Żվһȣȥ
һǿƶĳԭǻΪǳķŭڿԼһľʿϵ£жķŭҲ˶Թֵķŭ
尡ɱ
Ҳ˫۳죬ɱĻ˳
˼ĴͷеҲ׷׻ųɱ˳
˫˲
ȥɣСǡ޺ſһЦһĽãһȥʤӦûзӦ㱻ɱ
һ֣޺Ϊſ֣˲ϡ
һӴʤһ֣ȫǱԷɱһ㷴֮ûУɫ䣬֮ɫ
෴һʿǡ
ʤǣȥɡ
ֵһͷͷͻʤǻӳɢã
ȻΪ˫ʵľ޴࣬Լղ޺Ǿо޴ļɱУʹ˫һӴʤһ߱Ѹ·ԷѹŴ


039 ս
ȻŲٵİսʿܹ֮ﵽæС٣ǵĳֻʤһʧȶԹֵĴɱֵ
ѣʣΨһһжӳֻЩս֮˿ԱʵֵԷɱĴ
һֵ۹ЦĻӽһʤĳȴ뽣ûϣ߱һҲи޶ȣֻ̫ὫԼôȥġ
ͬʱһǿϢȻһʿϱǹƣͽѹѹһɽ
áʶλֵʵԶһ£һգѸٷˡ
Ȼ˳벽һƿȻ
ۡ
ֻһһ̣оһᣬûŪô£˾ͺȻأʶҲѸɢ
δĳǰղŻɷһĹȴΣϢȫޣɫҲһƬףĿ⣬Ҳ˿־塣
лĻδ˵꣬Ӱһһ˹ȥ
ݡһһֵжӳֻòһǰľתûսʤֵĿ⣬ʤȥ
ݡ
ƵƵ֣ÿһζһ֮ǰ֮⣬ЩµĹֻ֣һˡ
Ƭ̣ϣľٶҲԭʿµʤǿ翳вһ㽫ֽҲʵûô£һʱ֮䣬ʿҲøʱҲòš
ݡһӰһִӳԣűĽãʤһսĴӳɫȻһ䣬ɴʱĶһõ޷ȥԱߵĹ
һ
ȻҪǴӳ֮ʱһȻ𣺡Сȥɡ
ݡƿ챳ǿѹõսȻϾѹһɽӳࡣ
ɫףͷ亹ðˣǿֲѹ֮£оԼһˮ֮˰㣬ȫûзֻ֮ƾɱ
һŭ⣬ܵһ㣬һתѪ֮ͻȻһɿֲѹڶ𣬱⡣
񡭡ѹȻһһѹѹϵϾĲƬƬ飬Ҳȫһᡣ
ţ޺ͻȻһ죬ɫȻһףѵ󱳵ҲȻͣһ£һ˲䣬ϢȻСһ룬ҲҲһжΪѹϵѹƣʹʶܵ˴ˡ
޺Ƭ̱عȻɢĿֲѹе־壬ֵսʶеݺݵ졣
һȥɡһŭһת޺˹ȥ
ľٶ޺¶ѪЦݣΪ֪϶ϣҪ
ݡ
ƿһбݺݵϡ
ϡ
һһ֮޺ЦȻסڴʱһϢҲݺݵĺԡ
޺ɫ䣬Ҳ˲ȥһΪʲôûнأӰæԱȥ
ۡ
֮޺һһԱ伲ȥһֱԶɫ˫ðĿ졣
ʱҲһ֮£ɳʮԶŽŲվס
߶ûٶôŶԷԱߵ߶׷ʲô飬˭ҲҴǡ
Ƭ֮ܲס
ۡ
һѪɫһӱòҰףҪ֪֮ǰϾʹˣղ޺һȻ׵ĵֵû壬ǿֲȴԵֵģ㽫อˡ
û뵽ᣬϾȻҶ˲˵ıס޺ǱղŴƵ·¶Ľ⣬ͻȻؿ˵и˸̰Ĺâ
벻ˡ¶һĨЦҪϵıףҿ㻹ǶӰɡ
ӣ޺ͻȻЦƾһ
ҲЦһ󣬵װˣղһܵжأҸڲ֪㻹ܷܲӳһʵ
ԣ޺ɫһһɭȻֻܷӳһʵҲŲˣԸ㹻
޺˵ޱȣȴûг֣ؿ졣


040 Ѫ
Ȼʸ֣˶֪Цϧôע⻹ǲܵóѡ
ѻΪһ⣬޺ȥ
ݡһӣֱȡ޺š
С޺һȣݺһǿĳ֮£߾ˣ޺˳ԶһĨѪ
ûйЩһ

ٴγ嵽޺ǰǱָŶԷҪȥ
䡭
񺷲ηľʿһδγ޺Ȼÿһζ޺£ǽɳȥõ඼˶ѰʹȻǲ
Ƭ̣߱ٴνС
Ȼ޺ɫ࣬ȫɢɱ⣬ȴһζû֣ÿζʱűĻһ£ȻߵĹ˼
˾ֵǣÿһζԻ֮޺ɫһЩͺʲôһ㡣
䡭һ£޺ͻȻһſڡ
ۡ
һѪɫҲһӱòҰףε˼£ûվȣղվ֮أһ̲ѪĽӡȫǡ
һΪأû뵽ھ̲סһЦһѽ°ϵѪĨ
һٴγȥ
СҲŹ㡣޺˫۳죬ȫɢųһͷŭҰޣӰһŭۿѵǰֻûӽһ
ϡ
һ֮ٴαɳʮף޺ҲףϵǣԹؿһ죬תϿȶ·ɱȥ
ʾȻˣֵ۹ѵЩӿõķôأ޺ԶȥıӰĴЦʣȻһŵˣЦˡ
ԭ֪Լղһ˵޺֪࣬ʱֻǿţԾ˷һ㣬һ
ôֻһĿģ޷ˣͬʱֵԼ֮ʱҲʹ˿ڼأʱʸ֣ҲС
޺Ǳӣʤ۹ȫһʿǣԷࡣ
޺ȴѣɴʱ˿ѪעʧѪõЩΣٲƣСѱ
С⣬ơ޺ɱȻĿһۣûѹ£ֵ۹ŵٶȺܿ죬޺Ͽʱꡣ
԰޺꽨Ϳ޺ԣΪ˧ͳ˹ڸϣĻһɡ
ɱ
Ȼ׼Ĺִˮһ㣬ɱԸ֮ϳɱ
áɫȻһ䣬һӣ䣬ǳһҪǵס
Ȼھʿʶ죬ղŽ޺ʸֶܣʹھʿеǣµ˲䣬ѹѹһƬƣŸ֮ȥ
Ĳҽ಻̣Ͽ֮змϿȵĹ־ʿ㣬һ֮󣬳ŵľʿҲʣһС롣
ָ䣬ѹסԷ޺꽨ϵţ꣬ھʿ
ϧֵ۹ľʿʵ̫࣬ǵ֮£ʤһĹȫѹϾʤϴӸĳҲһ򣬶־ʮ
ûѹƣִһ·ͨ裬ʮ׿ĸűƬ̱嵽¡
ɱɱɱɱʤǡ
־ʿһ˫ۣҰǣ߳߷
ȻͱȲ϶Էʤİս֮Ҳûһη壬һСӳĴ£ȫȥ
һʱ֮䣬ɱҽŭ䡢գγһ
ǷѪɵ֫ԼѪȾĴأȥھʿõ࣬İٲȻѳһ޳
ս֮ʱչɣ֮ǰֻǶ߷żս֮û̫𣬵浶浶ɱһŵɫҰףȫˡ
ϾֻάΰģǴûоֲпɱ
һЩŵöеȾӡ
ݡһתܳһӰ㵱ǰűһãһһ̣Դ׷ɶ
ߣɱ⡣˫ۣĿһħŻڵѪǰ


041 һ
ȫһǻڷǰûеµͷʬ壬ӲȪѪгʧɫʶĺһ
Ҷÿ˵Ȳ˵ǵӱ۹ҪǻţԺͲ±˴ǣٴȵתȥǵľóùЩ쵰ʤľ˶ĺӡ
Bһʱ֮䲻֪òĻȥƴ
Сֵ˵úãҵ˶ʮıû뵽ھȻȥˡһʮ꣬ųСӳεվֵ۹ЩǾȻҷʤҾǼʶһҵ
˵ţ͵һתԵڳֵܣĸҳ壬ûѵľ͹ɡ
ֵǣùֵЩּʶһǵʵ
ǲǷǾˡ
ɱҲҪƴ

ڳӦСӳĴ£һȫתһȻŹִȥԭЩԥǵĺɱ֮ǹѪ֮£˵ѪԶȫתں棬ĳɱȥ
ˣһĨʹףЩһϾֻǳûдս飬ƽʱѵԶս֮ԲǹִĶ֡
ȴòǷȥǧս֮֮ǰĶ֮һݣҲֻʣ²ǧǧʮ򣬸ܣЩִܸʧʱǳ嵽ʤڣΣҲСܶࡣ
ЩȥЩû𣬱ڶԷϣ챯ʹ̣оѹһʯ
ɱ
һųɱŭﱩ˾ֻһĻӰ˲嵽ֵ۹֮С

һӣһԲνãһֵ۹ʿĵ
ɱɱɱ
һÿһãӳֵܻ۹ʿƬ̣ϰϣЩηİս֮Ҳ׺ŵòҿ
ˣ޺꽨һͺȣֻ˹ȥ
ݡ
һȥɢӲͬķӳ
һֵ۹İսʿɱһ࣬һţһĹԴϮδܣһ䱳Ĵ˹
áʧɫͷһ
ϡ
һ𣬲Ϸɳδ췴ӦһɾϮ
䡱
ֻһǰ׷ɳȥ
ݡ
֮ǰֶϮ鼱֮£ֻڵ˼ȦŶ
ɻδվ˵ĹֵȻŭ죬ȴòڵϴܡ
˵Ĺ籩꣬һнһУõûֵôһֱڵϹܣһֱףûҵվ
һ֮ʣŭյҲѹƲסһŭһԾúȥͬʱҲһ
䡭ݺݵĴڱ֮ϣǿõͷһʹһ̣ϵΪһ⣬ǴһĹӱһ
ǿӿѪڰһת䵽Ϻ˺üվס
ݡĹٴγǰֻһӶ㽫һ£ԱһֶһͬʱһһĲ˹ȥ
һϽˣһٴϮûİ֮£ƾһ£֮ƣһȥ㽫˳ȥ
ô£˵һվԶղŴһȵҪ֪ȻֵܣȴǽֵܣСһ𳤴ֵɣ໥֮䳤ദǳĬ֮£ɱ
ʱʵ˵֣ҲǱ
ɾڸղţΪûмʱ֣Ե˵Ĺ©˿ӡ
£ȻվȴҲ˵
ϴԡ϶ɫһ䣬ӰһæȥȻߵǰĲȻһߣûӦ
ۡ
һѪǺ֮϶ֻǰһѪ



042 ȥ
ı϶﷢ȴһᣬĵȥ
ϴҲʹĺУӰµȥ
ȥҲʹҲСһȻϴǰ𣬽һĹؿڱ˹
ҹϴ˫ۣȫû˿ĶǰһԴ̶ȥ
ϴ룬һ£ܾ˵ĹǱƵûа취˭ãʵǿôᣬǰ;Բġ
ֻҪֵܹػá
뷨ϴҲܶԷвϷŴϴѪЦݣݺݵĳȥȫһͷ
ɺܿ죬ϴͷΪߵѾҪһ𣬿ûһõ˼
ϴ󣬿ÿûˡ϶ͻȻһֵļУõϴɫһ䣬ûˣǸղۿ壬ôûˣ
ΨһԽ͵ģ·ﴩףƷʺܸߣֵֻܵȫһˡ
һ͸˲ԷԷȴ״̽塣
ʶϴ޿ɶ㣬ΪѾҪ·
ҵһţΪֵˡۿ֮ϴҲٶǰ̵һ̣ԭŵһĲӡ
ͫһһ࣬ӱһϢõƤһʹ
ͬʱеҲϴһ̶롣
ϴ󡭡ʣ϶һȣĺ󱳱ݴ˹
ϡ
һ϶ɫһ䣬Լ˸ְһ㣬ǰ̵ѹ䡣

͵һתȭӰ磬ǿֲӰȭͷ֮Ϸɳݺݵĺ϶֮ϣֱõ϶ɳȥ֡
䡭
϶ȻأѪֹɫһƬҰס
һӰȻǰţĹ˹϶㣬ɴʱҲǿ֮ĩûǸֻÿѾȥϴһȻصϴҡ
ۡ
Ĵ̽϶壬鴤˼£㳹ûϢ
Լİô£Զ޺꽨˫۳죬ѣȫսӿҪȴһɿݵĴһѹļϡԪ˧󷽣ȥ
Ťͷһ޺ʱûһѪɫϢίңѹԼֶеͺһͨ˵ֶһʸֵ֡
ϣô
ˡ޺ͳһԹؿ죬˻ƵСӺǹŹ֣켶߽ϵףսǿʤû˵ˣҵʤˣиְбţвҶ
ɫһݣ޺꽨΢΢ͷŹ־ʿȵɱϧһдҲҪɱ
ɱ
һԭЩηĹ־ʿʱųɱΧ˹
ǧİս֮Χˮйͨ죬ҲһͷƤ顣
첢ûоţŤͷһԱ߶ս˫˫˲أֵ۹ԭʮ֮ǰĶ֮һЩϿ֮ʱΪڻʣ²
ʤ˵ֻвˣҲ˵ֻʣһжӳλҸˣǱֵΧȥò˶ãǱ㶼ᱻԷնɱ
ٴȥˡ
һתý֮УȭͷգȫսӿŶԷȥ
졣
ӰǰȻ֣ڳ֮£˲϶ΪһԿֲܣֱȥ
䡭
һޣЩΧɱĹֵ۹֮гйִ빥ǵĹܸһ˺ǿֲĳײɳȥ˻ڰձ㱬ը
գۼ䣬ܼĹִ֮бһֱͨһֱ쵽Ҵʤʿǰ
䡭
Ȼըγһ籩ܶȾȥִ˲㱻ɣõЩΧʤʿĹ־ʿŵ˿
ˣˡ
ը֮ܵ־ʿǰ棬һ߶ȣһߺȭӰЩĹ־ʿˡ
ˣԪ˧û˭ˡʣһжӳĴȵʱѪ˫۳죬죬һħ
ԭߣжӳĻȴһ˿ϣҲˣվӵĹأսϣ˧ڣͱ߾ٵʱжӳ߾٣˭Ҳߣӱ


043 
䡭
ûٷϻһȭһ־ʿɱӰһжӳԣһƵֱ󲱣жӳεȥ
ͳ˱ҵ죬ˡ콫ежӳԱʤս֮ȭͷգǳĹִһȭ
սҰ
ŷŭһõҪϵͨٴηɢ
Ӱ磬嵽һʤԣһȭһΧĹɱһ죬ڼʶղŵĿֲ֮󣬶źˡ
編ƣ켸γ㽫ʣµļԶԷΧ֮½ѳ
ǰҳȥϺ󡣡Ⱥ֮лΪһĲӰһ·йִȫѪ׷ɳȥЩֵҲǲ֮Ӳȫܿ
ɱɱ
Ҵļʤ֪ͼѸپۼһһӣųɱͨȥ
˼ͷʿҲٳɣһ˫ۣһȺǣ֮
סǣܷһ
޺꽨ھʿͼ֮£ִѸٰΧ
ȥɡ
ȭӰһһٴγǰʮΧĹ־ʿɳȥõúĹ־ʿʧɫһϽԱÿ𾪵ǣûټǳȥһͳȻһתЩΧʤʿĹ־ʿȥ
䡭
Ŀ£ΧҴʤʿһȦΧĹ־ʿȫɳȥǳ־ʿ֮бըٴδϰٹ־ʿ
ǰмһԣֵ۹ľʿҿЩҲ⿿Ϊղõ޺λʶߵһĻ̫塣
ۿʤʣµ˳ִİΧ֮У޺꽨ȫǣż׷ܵһá
ھɫһ䣬ٲҳɣһӣˮһ㣬ɽ׷ȥ
ɣɣһݴ͡ĴЦ﷢ֻȻһת˫ӡΧ¶Ȼһ㣬ﶼյʹ
񡭡ͻȻСǣСԽԽ࣬ԽԽܼ໥֯һγһƬƣеĻ治ϵķڣգۼ׳Ļڰ
һռ䶼һ޴Ļ¯׷Ĺִϵ·ȫȼױһƬ죬һ㡣
ĲԹ־ʿдƬ̲˱Ϊһ̿ǼҲܲˣѸȥ
ˣˡԶ޺꽨޺ȫʧɫɢĿֲܣҲеһľ
ڲ뵽ˣˡŤͷһ޺꽨޺ˣһĨѪЦ⣬нӡһ䡣
һХŹִ֮б
䡭
һǿ֮ĴɢƬ̱㽫Χ֮ڱһƬ𺣣ٹ־ʿЩĻ˻ˣһʱ֮䣬ҽ֮ղɱ֮ʱҪ˾ÿֲ
⡭
ӳԶʤʿҲľ𾪣һȫĿɿڴʱһӰǻ֮з䵽ǰɫһ䡣
ǿ˵ʱһ
ǰ֮ݷףһ˿·ϴһսζȫһɫԼزλס
ߡ
һȣǻعתɱȥ
һˣ˸׷ܵ޺꽨Ӱ磬Ǳ׷ȥֻǳŭ
һΣ޺ҲûֹҸ˹
ΪʱǶѾǾ֮˺ܾܿ죬Ҹղһֲ̫ɽˣ˿ֲĶ֣Բܷ뿪ʱ嵽ôһǾٶľʿҲֵס
Ķǣʹõս̫ܴʱ޼ƾʵǣпܳΪֵĻ塣
˾޴ջֻҪǸ˱ֵס
׷
ҴĹҲŭ죬Ÿ£ǵķ׷˹ȥǵʵȫѹʤԭΪ£ʮ˽룬ȥˣҲֻ࣬ЩﵽľҲ˹룬ʤ̰ǼŭֻнԷȫ𣬲ϴǵĳ衣


044 ɲ
죬׷ˡʤһܵɫһƬҰףÿ϶ˣȻƴȫٶȴԶԷŶԷһ׷ԽԽͷһƬ
ѵҪǶôſռŲʱҲûа취ղŵپѾսȫĿա
У򲻵ѣǡ˲Լ뿪뷨ȻʶЩˣΪսѣ㲻Ѷߡ
໥šӰһ嵽һˣ޺꽨ѹ֮µڵҲ߲ľʿǰһѽ
ˣҰɣҲˣֻǡʿĻţг˸ж밧󣬸жȻǴʱûֵܣô˵ٶȱܶࡣ
ֵǣ߰ɣǲˣɡһЩ˱˷ŵľʿҲͣ
û˵˶Ŀ⿴죬ʱе֧
СᶨصһƴֵܣûжµĵҲҪһ𡣡
˵òԼֵܶˡһĿ࣬߳ףվȺ֮оһ˵ĴվһѽһվȵľʿץͶ
漴ԱһСС۾ǳϽԼ·µݸ󺺣һõ·˺ɼ鲼Ͻᣬͽľʿϡ
ţֻ󺺽дһң嵽صľʿǰһһݶԷ㽫ڼϡ
϶æ·󺺵ľԱһƤ׾еȣ÷ǳ˧һͺȣѸٳ嵽վȵǰǸ
æ˵ĴͷҲٳɣֻҪû˵ˣȫԱ˵ͬ飬Ҳǿధ󣬻򱳣򿸣̧Ƭ̼䣬صʮʿȫǴ
Сҿǻ޺꽨⣬׷ǿֲѹõ˲վȡ
ߡһȣ˲˿ĳɣɱȥ
ȥ޺ɫãһһĽãǱȥ
ܵĿֲй־ʿɫһƬҰףɾʱٴδϽߣ
콫бŵľʿһӰһתǼĽã˹ȥ
СοɾͿˡ
磬ôֵôСصصЩʶǶǾˣսõĹ
˵òûһƴǾǱɱĶѲǾսˡɳҴʱ뿪»ΪһӵӰ
ðɡСЩĵصҶȥȥһڵ״̬Ǿ޴Ͳܹܵ˵ġ
áͷϣ޺һȥ
첻㣬ȻԼ޺ܵһ㣬ŭеٶȱǣֱϮԴ
ȥã磬ۿҪͷϣڴʱһӣһ
տʼ޺Ϊ춪ʲôΣƷɵǽ֮ʱŷԭĽһס
ϡ
֮ðһƬ𻨣Ըٶȵɻȥֱϣʧ
Ȼ׽ǵһϮȴĵ޺һһõǴĽã˺ܶࡣ
ȻһˣҪɱС֣Ǵ´ࡣ޺Ͼʸ֣ˣ֮ȴڡ
Ȼ޺ڴŽԴһΪ֮ʣٴһãȴһڹ⡣
˸ղŵף޺ûнڹУʱ;ĩ·׶˳赲ԼĹ
ɵĨڹ䵽ǰ֮ʱͫΪ֮һΪǺڹԭһźɫӣˣȴļµĿһΪ񱩵׵֮
ɲ顣޺˲ϳӣȴһҲе־Ķ㣬ϧѾΪҪʱŶġ
ϡ
ݺݵϣҺ콫ԱŤһ£õԭԴ֮ϡ
Ȼ׵ţһĿֲ֮ȴѪֹҲһ󵹷ȥ


045 
䡭
һȻ촫һɿ񱩵籩Ű׷Ŀɲ֮ȫ֭ë
ۿ籩Ҫɵ壬ûжܵİ취Σʱ֣Դ֮ȴС磬Ҷȥ
Ȼ֪Сʲô˼֪ɲ֮˲һת㽫׶˳ȥ
һϷ籩ʱԸٶȵɻϣ׸ûʧ壬ǺݺݵĻ֮ϣõ쵱³һѪǵɵٶ˲֮ǰһ
첢ûΪС˶ŭ֮󣬳޵СҪȻο군ˡ
ԭղǿ籩Ϯ֮ʣĽŲŵأʹϣ˵ˣȴСĳ֮ˣȻҲˣȴס
һ˵֮⣬籩ɢ컹δվȣһĲҽб㴫˹˳Ųҽȥ֮ʣȴ޺ͷֱ·ʹץԼ壬Ǽ֮һ綾һɲ֮δţһѡ
׷ңеܵġЦһȵֵľ׷ϻżöɲ飬ҵҪмġ
£һĨ°ϵѪȲʤʿ׷ȥ
ʵĻʲôɲ飬öɲҲ뿪Ƽ֮ʱɺǿиģô˵ֻŻˡ
ϡ޺꽨һǲ޺֮ߵɲ֮ɫҲһƬҰףҿɲ׵Ŀֲ֪ģȻʱҪ޺ܾ콫Աܡ
ˣ콫Ϸȥˡ޺꽨һмʿܹɴʱ޺˷һ㣬Ǽʿû㱻һƻɱŵøϹ˶Ͻˡ
ϣ޺꽨ѣھͻȥһа취޺꽨Ȱ˵ţɴʱɲѾ޺׵ʧȥǣһͷҰһ㣬˫ۣŤͷ޺꽨
áܵ޺еĿ񱩣Ѫķ޺꽨ɫ䣬Ͻȥ
ϧ޺꽨ն޺һŭ˹ȥȥɡ
ס쵲ס޺꽨һ߾ŵԱӴܣһ߾ֵĴţõʿ֪ȥҲòȥ
ɣɡ޺һħ˫ۣ˫ֳצĸʿȥȫ˺룬ŵҲǰ
޺һֱ˰ʱϵɲ֮㿪ʼҲĻָǣⲢʾû£һ󲿷ݵɲ֮֮УԺֻҪ׵ɲ֮ÿ񱩣ٴη񣬶ƽʱЩɲ֮Ҳ᲻սȽսɸɾֱȥΪֹ
޺ƽܵò֪޺꽨׷ûа취ˡ
Ƭ̱ʤʿһ𣬿ƽҲһȻѾûйִ׷ȴ˿ĵ
һ·ɱƬ̱ܳʮ
䡭
ǰͻȻһҵĴõɫһ䣬Ǵ߿ٹ
ˡһȣѸȥɻû˶Զ򶷵Ӱǵ֮Убļλ£⻹ʸ֡
ʱԭһİҲֻʣʵﵽĴӳһӳǿֵֵ³һʡ
һֵźӻһǳĲ˶ɫҰףźüˣ⣬һӣᱻӻǻɱ
ˣô죿죬Ͼǵ֮ɫʱѾ򶷵˫ܷǸΪ
ͻȻһЦһҵˣֵǣһǸɱ˹ʮϧʸˣû뵽ǣǷûˡ
ʮ㣬ǰȥһ㶣ʲô˼λһ֮תü죬ܿ˼һҲޱŵĴЦӵ˶ʮоڿǰһˡ
ʿȻ֪켸˵˼ȴǾˣԷΪְһ˵ֵܷ£һɱ߹ȥ


046 
ϴ˵ֵܶо㲻ҫأǹӣһԵĴһ˷ܵʵ
ûȴ󺺻شԱǳüΪЦǻ˵ʱǻȥ˵򳤣ǳҲöǹмΰ
ǻʲôȥŪ쵰ɲǵĹλôˡһ佫óһɱ˹ȥ
ͷô£³ɿźӻһصصʮЩ쵰ôܳˣ
ӻҲһɻҲ֪ʲô£ע⵽ҲһɻʤܹҲһˣҸִ󲿷ݶߣôܴǵʮһʵΧӳ
һҵֵǸϵˡӻսͻȻЦǲ֪˼ˣɱʮôҲ˰ɡ
˵ţ죬ʵСӣҵֵ˼˰ôֻǹˣôû
ǰˣһ˸ǴﵽʡЦҪЩ־ʿֵֵͱɱˣ׷ɱʣܿ
ģ϶һܵߺǵ⣬Ҳţֻʣӻʻһǣ֮ǰҲֻǵֵĻ󣬾Ȼ䷢𹥻
ɱҲϻһŭ𣬴˱˹ȥ
ͷô죿³һؿӻǱʲô°ɣ
ӻˣȻǱģǻɣΪ֮ǰʤͻȻֵʸ˵ֵܻܿټ˫ʵĲ࣬ô˻ӳе㲻ˡ
ߡӻһȣһ߱ƿ³תȥΪδսʤ׼ʮ꣬䲻ǻɵأҲҵ޺Ǳ¡
ˣ׷ף²ȴûô
źӻ˵Ӱȫʧ˲䱻һƨ˵ϣֱϵ亹ˮ
һЩӳľʿһҲȫ˵ϣŶͷϵ亹Ͼǽҡ
Ҿ֪㲻ôߵġҰ׵ߵǰɺ۹û߹Сӣң㶼ȥʲôˣ
Щһ˵ɡվһԵ˵ˣﲻǳ֮أǱ뿪ϼһﷵǿɾ鷳ˡ
żԵϻŵ֮ɫ£üͷһ壬ϵЦȻʵô£ղŲ˵ֵĴˣôܻ
»˵ɡǶԺû´ղСֵ˵ЩȫΪƭӻ˵ģʱڷȫִˡ
һɫȻ䣬ûڣ˵ͷͳصڷȷʵѾִϣЩˣȫˡ
ôǰôԷʮҲôºڷ¡ɫҰף嶼ڷ¶ʧζʲô˭
Ҫλʸ֣Ҳܵ˲ˡһ˫۷죬ǳɳһǧ˳֮⣬λսˡ
ôܣѵǰЩֵûи˫ۣ˻ƵؿŶʡ
ϷҳѾ˽ʮ꣬ҲʮͻȻʵģʲôֵܡ߰һЦҡͷ֮ǰô˵ֻɢֵʵϾʣֻһˣΧңҸ͵ֵ˼С
һʱ侲һ˼ߣ뿪˵
˷ɱһֱܳʮһƬ֮Ϣһڷ¶ˣִɱʤ̬أ費˿ĵǰԪ˧󴦷
֮ݴͳһְ˶Ŀɨ˳
ǡȫӳҲû˿Ե˼
ͳˣҿʤΡæվ
Ӿʮ꣬ΪҲһָ֮ҴһʿʮһʸֵĹ֮£ԷһʿǴٶˣǾġ΢Цſһʿ˭վͳ֮λҾݴ
ȫҡͷ˵ʮһʸ֣һʸ֣ͲһԶԸģ뵽սٿʱĿж˾⡣
ûվ¾ôˡ迴ھͽǽˣϣٿʱǶڣˣҲҪмֵ
ǡûƳ٣һ


047 ²
ԭڸ·ʱ˽ղΪ˵Ȼ޺ˣҹֵĹȻʧһ룬Ǿսͳ죬Ҳ
λεжӳҲ˹һ裬󷣶ʧڷ֮ȴû˵콫Σǿ˳һ¡
ڴ£֮ǰѾ˵貢ûйҲûйҲ֪£ЩҲֻаһϢٽ˰һ£һȺŷɥİս֮
⣬ҲԷľٵһ¸裬ȻôҪҪ֪õжϡ
ϾԷ㣬Ǵ£Թϵսʤ
ڵ֪º󣬱˵ˣλͰλʶĿ࿴Ͼǳ֣ٵԷľҲѣû뵽쵨֮ƾһ֮ʹԷ⣬һɹˡ
ҲΪ֪Щ飬˼֮Żݴͳһְġ
һƬ֮УһȺһɴܶһ˸ߵӲڶ֮⣬ûκε
ˣǰһλͻȻ
һĺ͵һеģһϵͷȻ˵ǰʵʲô
ָǰͱ֮ϵһ֦ŶϵģǱѹϣӦ
ͷɫ΢΢һ䣬һ֣ҿΧʲô
ǡ˴ܶƬ֮һ嵽Ƕ֦Զĺ˱㼱ˣһˡ
ͷ˴ż˼ȥһɫҰףƤ΢ڣȫǸɿݵѪգ仹˺ݺݵĴһҲŲٲ˺գڲݴ֮֪
ˣϢֵĺ˵
ͷû˵Ŀȴضŵӣð죬ͻȻԱһ˳ʵûоô׺Ϥ
˿һ󣬶ҡͷʾûһȴ˫һˣʱЩ֮кдˡ
ԣͷɫһݣϸ룬ͻȻóˮˮ֪Ͻϴ
ȫվȥ¶ףͷӵ㾪Ƕǹֵ۹ɵʤ̽ˣ֮ǰǿʤҪĻ֮ǰֻǶȫϴˣ־գԲûϳ
ʲôԱߵĺȫһһ˸ɻصˣ᲻ֻǳ񣬶ȫǶԴɵСӣô
϶Ƕȫͷ˷ǳ϶صǰܵǹ̽Ϣǰŵڼһ·׷ɱȴ⸽ʧˣӵʱǴϵû뵽Ȼôصˣ첻ԲȣȻš
ͷ֪ȫͲΪǵ׷ɱµģڴ죬ֱԼ˺ˣҪȻôȥͶˡ
ˣԲԺٻȫˡ
ǡںһϲõҩˮʳιעսˣһֱæ˰ʱͣ¡
ϢѾʱȶסˣŰɣӦò˶ñѹͷĺ˳˵һȫʲôˣǱ˭ǿʤԪ˧Сӣ׽УöԴͶô£ôҪȥǴһ
ǰʱȥ˫΢յĶȫ㻺۾ãеԭΪԼѾˣɿǰĺ˺Ǵ۵⣬ȷԼš
˭ȫʵʲôط
Ǿ㣬ҪȻڿѾûˡͷ¶һĨº͵ЦݣİɣѾûˡ
ԭͷıãȫȴ붫ȫһͫһʶȥȻʱȴȫ嶼û
ȫľٶͷ˿һȵס
ںƻȫһŮһ㣬Ǹǿаס֫á
ȻǶȫҵ֪ǹ֮ˡͷһЦؿŶȫȴ⡣
ǹ֮ʤȰĹɣֻҪǸʤ֮˶ǼðȫһЦصҪҽ̽㣿


048 
Լķ²˵һĲֵͷ˺ջʵûжصĹֻֿ򶫷ȫ󣬽Ӵöˣ˳ҪһˣͲ
ңͷ˳ѵô²
һȫɫһӱȥ޵ľ˵ԼǷ²ǱԼĵ˵ֱǳ൐衣
²ң㻹񣡡ȫһߣɫһݣһ̣ͷɫ䣬һѽȫסҧԾûôס
Ұϣȥλץȥٽڻ¡
ǡںְȣƬ̶ȫһ㱻Ǹýʵʵһ¶У˵ɱˡ
һƬ֮Сˡһ˫ۣܵǰ˻ոմϢִѾռҳǣǲ˳ʳһɱƽǧǵĽ¡
˫˲ó죬ɱ
ˣɱعȥɣɱЩ֡һɾʿȫվɱŭ
ûжҲû˵ôü˼һҡҡͷɱǿ϶Ҫɱȥģڲʱ
ˡȫʵŭǵĻδ˵꣬վ˵òڸˣһҲˣȥҲú壬οԷλʸ֡
һȫĬˣеŭȴûһʧ
ô죿һλվʵصѵǾ͵ɱǵˣǵʳռǵĵأ
üͷһ壬ϷǳѿǶλŭǲƽɱΪ֪λ˵ʵ
ûа취Ҳûа취λӳ϶ɱ˹ȥˣֻôбܽɱȥҲֻ
һʱ֮䣬˶˼ˣҲ쳣ѹ֣ѡ
ɱȥ϶ǲСͻȻִȱʳҳֻһСǣȻЩʳҲֲ֧Ǽ죬ǴӺڷɱʤΪʤǿ϶һ֮󣬱ǽ
ԣҾӦ֪ͨǣóƽеʳȫߣߵľͻٵûʳִҡ
̫ˡһÿٶˣҪǳ룬̸ף뿪ǳػ⵽ִϮЩɽˡ
㲻ߣһִˣǺܶҲҹִҵʳʳиĳǳ⵽
ɾǽ˶ߣһճǸִֻҪǼּ죬ֵҲٴ͵ġһ
ͣΪʲôܽ٣ЦȻ࣬Ǿ񣬹кüˣһһʣɳǧս֮Ҳ塣
˲˵һüͷ⣬ʵǿģĻžԵķ
ܵ˵Ŀ⣬ͷ˼İ⻺̧ͷһۣĿ⿴ʱӵİţһж˵㡣
˻һٴνĿͶ졣
Ű˵ͷлֽ֧֣ĿתλĳϤ¾Ǹ𣬾ִܸһʳսʤԪ˧Ϊ빦
ǡλȥ
ֵ˰죬ǵĴ˻ϢȴɫһƬء
ԴȻԺڷ¶ʧһº𾪣׹ֵʵ֮û裬裬Ϊƾǧս֮ǧȻ˹ǽʤ֮Σ
⣬Ҳͳپʿһ£һ죬֮ǰ鶼Ѳ壬ս֮ῴ鱨̫Ҫٻ׷ɱ
սᶼץһһֱţȥʱҲǶһ
֮ǰһеᶼѽ⣬֮֮ǰڷشִһ£Դɶʵ۹ϣڽ湦취ǣƹִʤ۹ȡʱǰ
ȴûһһһжԼ뷨ΪڸҲΣأֵ۹ʮڻ⣬ҲλʸԼٶԴɸҽһƣʤܵС
ˣô죿ӳٿ죬ɫһƬء⿿ٶˣôȥǣƹִͲܡ


049 ɱ֣һ
⿿ǿ϶ǲеġһӳﱦһ˼ҪȥΧʣµĳмһЩӶߣԵֵһ¹ִ
ܵġҡҡͷȱѵûоսս֮֮һʵ㽫ȫ֯Ҳǧ޵֮£ӭϹִȥ
ô죿˶һĽھԵʵǰʲô취ûá
취ȻеġͻȻЦֵ۹ʤ۹Ĺ޼ʤ۹Ҳֻʮս֮ķ߾ʮĶפڵ۶Χ׼Ҳ಻ʮİս֮ٶǵĹֲ֧ס
ɳʮڷ£ʮǣζ໹ʮսֻ֮÷ܱߵңŴʱǹѾûжٱɵ
ҴʱɱǹңǵĳǳأǺ󷽣ǵ޷ʱǰߣǲҲǣأǣƵĻ޺꽨ͳһִ֧
ԣ˫һٸǼɴʵƻ˵˵ƻɣ
˼һ£Լ뵽ļƻ¸˵һ飬ͷ޲ϣһ󣬽ƻơ
ˡһڵľʿ˹󻹸һСӳεİսʿ
ô£쿴һСӳüͷ΢΢һ壬˭
شˣ֮ǰͳȥӶȫ˵СӳСӳǰһ
쿴һСӳʵأ
ûнӵСӳɫһĨŭͳȥʱûпˣǸׯ˸ˣһ˶ûп
ʲô͵ԵվɫһŨصɷô£ϸ˵
ǴˡСӳǰͳ˵ķȥȷʵҵ壬ȴһд񶼱ɱˣݶŻչ⣬ҲһӳǲӰ
ģһսǡȫɱ죬֪ȫڵֻս裬ûҵȫսȵһ
ˣ⣬Ǳ뽫ҵǡСӳ
û˵ͷ˼һ£ûǸʱ䣬ڱ취ǣƹֵ۹ж˵ţ̧ͷСӳжˣָӹ٣Ҫҵָӡ
ֻʮˡ
ȥϢһ£ʱ֮ǱҪһĨʧԭΪСӳһСӰˣȴû뵽Ȼֻʮˡ
ǣǹֵ۹ʤ۹߽紦Сеһס˿ڲΪ̣ҵҲǳصĳһǧ
СӣôûǲɧǸըˣһʮĳԱһʮ꣬ɫЩƣڴ˯Ȥ
һ֣˫۶ʱų͵Ĺâһ񾫡壬ǲ֪СˮӿɴˣϷȥҪһϣʱû㣬ҲҪ壬ڿ¾͵ֵȥ̧ˡ
˻һԱߵĳǺȻЦҲûЦСӣһ϶û˼ң˼˵Լã˵Спðɡ
ڳЦøɫͨ죬ú޲Ҹطȥ֪˵ʲôʱһĳ˹
˵Ŀһӱ˹ȥҲû̫ľţڴ̣˵Ѿʤڣ쾭оʿǰҲϰˡ
Ƭ̣ǵĿУԭҲΪȻɵЩʿˣϴŵʱ˶ɫ䡣
ʤľʿسţȥ֪ͨˡ
ڳʧ룬ϽȥǱصĴţȻŻûϣʤʿ֮һϵӰһգۼ㵽ſڡ
䡭
ֻһӰһǱصĳʱЩسŵĳҲȫһ֮ϡ
ϵĳͽˡ
Ǵˡ˸ӦԴʮˣû£ųǽϳȥ
ȥңﱦȥżңȥƼң鷳ϣʱֻаʱûСٸ
ס
һ𣬳űɢ
֮ϣƽ񿴵һȺƻʤʿУĴܣ̼ҲѸٹţƬ̣ԭ㷱ĴֱһƬ徻
²޹˺ƽһǴұԷֿԼĿȥûƽܵ˺


050 ɱ֣
ӣȻҰҰһԳ֮дţһϢ˳
һʮ꣬Բ߸ӵ󣬻ԼһȺʦ
߸һ㿴˴ŵʤ۹ףɫȻһ䣬۾ܼ⣬һ۱׼˰ͷǵ죬ָ˹ȥ
Ҳǰ˫һţϷȥԭһͨϴүͻȻһֲϢõǳ
áɫ䣬ʧԱ߶ȥȴӰ磬˲ǰ
ݡ
Գͷһ£㲻һתһ̣Ա߸ųĸֻûӦ㱻ɱ
иҿһҳʳڡ
ǡƻķɢ
ƼԭҲֻǰһĬĬŵС壬ֻʮǰ֮гһھ֮´󹦣Ϊо֮󣬼Ȼǿ
Ѿھ֮ҲΪӳ֮£ƼҲֱһһΪǵ֮һ
֮Իһ򰲳ǣΪƼҵӳڸʤ
ɱ
һƼҴǰһȣھʿϷԾ𣬶Ŵű˽ȥ
á
ڴŵɱڵģɫ䣬Ҫʾǵûιжӳǰһ㽫䲱Ӹˡ
ţ˶û˱һһʱ֮䣬Ѫҽ
Ļ쵰ƼҰϢԸＤûǰŤͷԱߵĿЦҡ
£ѻΪһ⣬˹ȥ
գۼ䣬һʮ꣬ŭӳУû˵߶飬ʵһ˹ȥ
տʼ꿴첻һʿѣûУϵϢȻǿǿоʱɫҲþǾ
ݡ
һһӣֱӣӾ֮£ϽʹԼǿս
Ѫһ֡
ѪɫĹâ꽣֮һɢŵŨѪζһŻ
Ѫһһּս˵֮ʱҪ˵ѪǱѪɫãߣʸ֣ѪҺ֮Ҳһֶأɵʵ
Ƽܹڰ֮һλãѪһս㹦û
Ȼ첢֪ѪһεĴŨصѪζоⶫݣȴû˿η壬ֻһĨЦսһӿãš
һ
ã֣һǹãһ𣬱˲ʧһ̣ã㵽ӵǰ

ӷһֵļУշãݺݵĻԴ֮ϣԴϡ
һнӣûô̬ϣֻʵĿһʱò
첢ûгְ￵֮ƴԲ֣ǶǵĲأΪǵʱޣȻûг֣ȴߴ֮˼ȥ
ҲΪߵ⼸õƼҶΪҪһʱʧ룬һԴ
˾ħתһתƼ֮УʬҰһƼҽ߱㱻ǸɱһɶֻʣЩ档
ɱˣһһȣǴЩս֮ǾƼҵĸ˹ȥ
쵱һȣס֡
üͷһ壬죬ֻҡҡͷǾˣǿǲһȺ޸֮ŮСɱֻ۾˵
һЩİս֮ʱͣе
һ˼˵òɱֻǾ˵ǣҳƼҵʳ
ѰҲʳǲ鷳Ҳ֪ЩƼǱھʿˣǸмŹһʤʿһʣǱ㽫ղ֮˵˳
ƼžӰǳ֮һȻֻģĲƸȻ٣нĽ֮⣬вٵڵһЩͼҩ⻹ҵʯ
콫ý֮УɿǴѵʳѣֻʿʱţ뿵ųȥ


051 ɱ֣
ѾȫȥҵĹﱦӳҲ˳
ˣʳ̫࣬Ǹʹߣô죿ٿ죬ǰʵ
ĲһСɽֵƼҵʮ֮࣬ʯҵʮ飬лһƷʯ
ʳãñ˹ִͷЩҵǿԴߣôֵܣǵļҪֵԺҲҪԴЩҪ
Щ٣ֻôˣǻӰǵٶȡﱦɽüͷЩණҲۣΪ˲ӰҵٶȣҲֻ÷Щ
ŵùңʱұܣȻȥ֮ٽЦ
Ȼ֪ôЩߣ˻Ƿǳٺﱦӳվصͳָָӹ٣һ˵㡣
һЦĵ˵潫мʯݸǰ֪ϵ۽磬ǿ۵ģʯȴʺ벻ҪƳ١
ֻһɢޣԴȫԼѰңʯֶмʯ͵òԸðԼҲмѣûûô׹°ǡ
ģϰҲͲˡҲˬ֮ˣùʯ֮ķźãЦģֻҪе¾ֵֵ۶ϰҶ㵽ס
а仰ҾͻˡҲǹһЦʵһֱİ뿪ûʸ֣һпɾΣնˣ仰Ҳһ콫мʯøһ£Ҳûа㷴֮⡣
漴к׼Ż𣬶ʱһСͻȻ˵ˣҾЩʳȫʵЩϧǱˣǵ·󺺵Ǹꡣ
°Ǵ󺺺˧ף˶Ȼ˳죬ȴ
ϴҲǴ°ͨߵ϶ǳ쳣˧°Ϊ°֮һ
˵ô쿴򰢷뿪֮ʱ˵ʲô£Ұʣûмʧ
ҸղŷֳȻ嶼ܸУͨƽȴúܿ࣬Щƽ˵ǸںԼĹͳΣ෴Ǹں˭ǸãǹøáЩʳǶߣ罫һݷǡ
һǿ϶ǸмѣȻ˵ûʲôãܹǵĺøУ⣬ЩʳƽУֵ۹˵ջȥҲôףҪ⵽ƽǵԹޣǽǳ
һݣֱӽյһʱֵ۹ƽԹޣǿнʳջأҲջز˶٣Ҳû̫Ӱ졣
ԣڳ˫ȫһⲻƽһɸֵ۹һףϾڹֵ۹ǰȱǱضʱûܾܿͻƽеʳһػ⵽ƽ񷴿
ãô졣쵱ͬ⡣
ɢЩʳóһССװãַĸҸʤţһȫ͵طա
ԭΪʤҪǣǵƽ񶼾ֲѵĶûȵȵȴʤʿӴﶪһʳ
ֺܿɸм뿪ʱܶƽ߳ͣһУ϶¶˵Цݡ
ʤǡ
ӻ޺꽨ԼͳȫۼһɫΪѿŭ֮иĻеǡ
ðΣ޺꽨ӻˣڸô죿ʳֻ٣ִϢһʤڸɱӣĳǱһգھҲܾͽＯֻܵŴӵ۹ˣ죬Ҳ죬Ǹֲ֧ôá
ˣֻмʤǰڣЩǳҲ㲻öơӻ䲻Ԫ˧ȴֻңʵҲǿģԺܶ£Ϊ
ȻˣǾΡ޺꽨Ҳ֪ʱ˻ȥΡ
ԭʱӻѾʤǣÿһǵʱѳΪһճǣԭ벹һʳϣ˿ա
֮ǰҳʳҲʱ伸ĵо޺꽨ɳ̽Ӳ̽Ϣŵ֪ǵȫˣļСǵҲڴģ뿪ǸϵҲ˿ճǡ


052 ͷ
Ψһûаֻ֮߱ļͳǳأ⼸ͳǳؾס˿ڶʮ򣬳ǽĸ߶ȶʮףǳнǧټ֮ǰǳ˵ĳÿһǵĳһ
⻹ʱټ߽ˣټϸǽķأ¶ۺ֮ڣ빥³ǳҲ£Ͼٶ͵ϮûдЩصĹе
ԭǻʱ£ȺﱸɵõϢȴΪ߾ļǳȫһȺʤʿƣʳ޷Ｏֻеȹʳ
·;ԶûͲȴֻٵʳ͵Ȳ
ˣкϢһսϻšСһšһֵСͷղͷ˵Ｏһʳ׼Ӻڷ͵޺꽨
Ŷ˫һĨ⣬еСͷ˵ݣΪλ֪ôܵϢ
ǳĹܼң鶼ᾭҵ֡СͷģҲк棬Сͷֻһͨˣߣαһ֮УΪܼҵأ
첢ûʱȥѶЩʵʳأ
һڷ£ӦѾʮ֮ˡСͷæش
ûСͷ쿴ʵôˣ
ȫˣѰҶЦǵʵټϰˣЩСǸ͵ֵסǡ
˳ߡһȣ̤ȥĴսʱѳһơ
ˡеСͷһߵ⣬ľʿȵŻ𣬸չ
Ƭ̣ԭΰĳ㻯ΪһƬ𺣣˳֮УǵĲý䣬˽һСʳƽʣµıһѻΪҼ
ߡһͺȣ˳ţƬ̱һƬʧ
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ǸȥٴƬĳƽһֽӣΪȥȴȳˣ¶ȴٹִ
ִһţȼյĳ⼸ԺӣΪ׵жӳ˫˲ͨ졣
ݡжӳ۵ֻܵĻ档
סжӳһԾ£Ż𺣱ҪȥҺСӳӦܿ죬һѽסˣʱȥҲ޼¡
ѵ￴ôжӳ˫ۣȫ졣
ǲ֪ôȰ˵ֻĽסôá
ˣڸץһͷһСӳѺһСͷ
СͷǸղӵõһĸܼңһжӳͨһǰʹ޵үɻˣҪΪүǱ𰡣̫ˡ
壬㻹ڡһСͷԭжӳҪΪʲô˶ˣΨţɿʹģҲʲˡ
ЩʤʿǲɱͨƽӹһٵġСͷصүҰү֮ǰһ¸ǣֻٶˣѺ;Ŀ߰ٶ࣬ǿ϶ˣүǵĳҲڵñˡ
ϣСͷɫͻȻһݣԱߵӱײ˹ȥ
ҪжӳӰ磬һѽСͷס壬ǶˣѵҲҪ뿪ô㲻Կɱǵȥ𣿡
ԣСͷɫһĿԿЩ쵰𣿡
Ȼжӳͷһͺȵ
˵жӣҲҴңȥҲҴңƬ̱ʧ˳⡣
һƬ֮УһӰ¶һͷ׵ߣһ֣ԭտͻȻðӰ
ϣôһǰЦʵ
ûʲô⣬˶һѣ߰ٶࡣЦһµҲˡ
ڷǡ¶һĨЦڻ֪ĴڣҪȻͲһˡ
˵ͷҲͬĻϾɱǣϵĸȫɱûʣ¼Щͨ˵ʣǶǿֲĴڣδؾֱܷ
ߡһͺȣ˷ɱ֡
ʮ֮һ·ϣһȺʿѺʮǰУΪ׵һͳ˫ӥۣĿⲻɨܣ˫ָǽ


053 پһ
ˣҿЩʤëˡһӳһмصҲֻ۸һЩʵµĳͳ죬Ļ
ǣͳ󣬳ǶԷʸ֣˭˭һӳҲе
ȴ룬ͳΪ˵ķؿһ㣬Сĵ㣬Ԫ˧ʳȱһҲǺòײųģʲô£ǶҪ
ԣӳɫһݣչǰս֮ղŲͳƨѣڱͳôһ˵ָԭĽ
¡¡
һ𣬴һͳ쵱ɫһ䣬Ϯ׼ӭС
Ȼͣ£оʿѸóսΣһЩΪóƬ̣ٶʤľʿǵ֮С
䡣ͳһ£籩꣬Ź񺿵ƿǱ˹ȥ
СĶԷһͺȣʤʿսһ࣬ȫսĸóһץסס壬һ߶Źִȥ
ݡ
磬ǵأƬ̱䵽ԷӪ֮С

Ĳҽг𣬲󲿷ݶԹǱߴģʤ֮ߣΪ˶սΪڻеĺ١
սҰ
һԾһȭŹִȥɢֲܵһգ۱㵽
ת
Ҫڵ֮ʣʶһͻȻףŵɹȥһ·־ʿȫɳȥǱɢʳ±һ㡣
áǿֲһͳɫһ䣬磬˹ȥǻʳƻȥ㽫ǻɱʳҲȫ١
Ķҡͳ컹ûг嵽ǰ棬һϵӰ㵲ǰűһĹϮ
ʸ֡ܵǰǿֲѹͳɫһ䣬æӽǰһ
䡭
һǿĳֱõùͳɫһףӰɳȥ˻ڰУһѪ˳
ȻˣֺαߡЦһӰһֱָͳȥ
ˣ㡣ӳβΪĽãŰ˹ȥ
ϧǻû嵽ǰԵĹﱦӳ㻯ΪӰǸ
ģǵʵôôǿܵͳӳɫȫһƬҰףһԽĺ蹵֮ǰܹǣס³ɣΪкü°æ³Ҳһʡ
ڣѾӰϵϢԷһʡ
ۿѾ̵ǰͳһȣսӿǾⱩ
з籩
һӣзγһ磬ϵΧ
ܵǽз籩֮еĿֲϢϢʣҲɫ΢䣬˿ĵ߶սʹԼȫһ
һ
һΪһ񱩵ĵߣ˲ǽݺݺһ
䡭
𣬿񱩵ʶ籩ݺݵĺڹͳϣõùͳ쵱һ߷ɵСʯӵɳȥǽŵ䡣
ͬʱǿ֮£Ҳͣ£򵹷еĹͳ¶͵ЦݣȻҺٸ㼸ʱ䣬ؽΪһʸ֡
˵ţһɱһϧǹ֮ˣǾɳʤвġϣӰ磬Źͳ˹ȥ
һߣɴ߶飬ʵ˾һ磬Źּ˹ȥ
졣
еһȭΪһ壬Ϊһɵ˲嵽Ǽǰ
ס
ǸܵɢǿֲѹɫһƬҰףϧٶ̫죬ûлֻҧʹȫʵȥ
䡭
ãͬʱͷ֮ϣõһΣȻը
ǿ񱩵Ϊ籩ûзӦ㱻ݺݵĺ֮ϣѪɳȥ
Ȼ˻ڰ֮Уǿ֮УһӰǱһĽãɱ

ڰеļ޴޷ֻܿǽãһ
һɱˣӰͣ˷ȥ˾֮£׷սԴ죬ԱһΣܹ˵Ĺ


054 پ
ȥɡǰȻֻǰãһһ̣˱Ѿʧȥ֪
ֵǣɱɱЩġվʤھʿ֮оһˣͨ˸߳ӣֻһӣӰ˹ȥ
һ־ʿȴ밢ûӽĴɣӴһ޴ײ˹ȥ㽫ǹ־ʿײɳԶغѪֹ춼
ŰҰ˰ľٶİֱۡȻһҰļһ
Ȼ˵ҰŤͷһ˫ţۣŰС㡣
ҿˣҰû˵ҡҡͷһ־ʿ˹ȥ
Ǽһ֪Ӳҡҡͷϴ㲻ȥŰ㣬СһΣԮ
˵ңôȥ˷ۣҪ˵ȴְֵָΧסˣɫһ䡰ģ˵ʲôʲôء
һѻ졣
Ȼڶ죬ٶһ㶼嵽˰ԣһһҽм䣬ʵѴﵽټͨǿӳʵȫһսȣб㽫һɱ
ӰޱȣϻΪǧãǱס񱻱Ƶˣϱû±֮¡
񿴵ǿİ֣һ˰תܣȴ밢밢ٶȱ죬һǰһסͬʱУһ㽫ɱ
ɱ񣬰˸һ㶼⣬ߵǰЦſ򰢷Ҿ֣һͬ۾ôأΪʲôôһܵأ
ΪҰˣⳤ⣬ӡһҲⰢĻЦǴˣмҰΪ顣˵ţֻŽ־ʿ˹ȥ
˵ûӴٲ֣ɾͱֵܸˡһһ־Űܲص
Ϊ׷ϰһץסĸ첲һ֣ϣΪһ˹־ʿ֮С
ֻħһ㣬ϻӶո־ʿϵİ˫ŹĲӣ磬ӱĹ־ʿȫĽꡣ
ԣӰãΧŰϵתʱ֧Ԯ밢ȻΧʮ־ʿв֣Щ˸Ϳ֮ڡ
ֵȻǶֻǰҲֻжھ֮У㲻ʲôǵȴǳ
Ϊ˵˫Ӿ꣬Сսȴδܹˣ豻ֵ۹һǧʿΧһɽϣֻһɾƾһǾȻ˳𾪵ǣһǧ־ʿһ붼ϡ
ֵϵľͳһ٣˳ߵһҲֻʣʮˣȫѪˣҲ
ֵȴûһˣǵĻ˵һϳˣǵҲͲˡ
һߣ˲ɱùֵ۹ľʿʧɫڼѶŰ⹥ĹͳӳҲ֣˭û뵽ᣬȻ˿ֲʵ
һʱ֮䣬õǷҡ
Źͳ񣬰һĨЦŭһ
ãһ֣ȻڹͳǰͳȻ˲عæӽǰɰµӴǰһ˲΢΢Աһûһ𣬶ֱӶ£һ
һͳ˫͵ɰӰһתĴӳȥ
ۡ
һ죬ͳһѪ漴һΪȻ䵽¡
ˣɢˣһҪԪ˧ʸ֡һͳ챻ɱӳ֪һѾˣҲٳɣ±ھʿҲһбԼĶ֣Զȥ
Ȼһ󳤶Ӹܳǰ棬һӳûзӦ㱻һɱ
һλܳ˰ٶףۿû׷Ϊܹӳ죬ȴ뻹ûɿǰȻı
սҰ
һӳʧɫϽԱ߶Ϊٶȼ죬ȻٶҲɻǱ
ڴӳһΪܹһʱֻ¶һĨЦݣһ̣ȻתŴӳĺ󱳱


055 
ӳои뵽廹ûѾݺݵĺ󱳡
䡭һ죬ӳߵķݣɳȥ
ûأӰٴγԣֻȭͷһӣһ̱ݺݵĺ֮ϣֱӽŸ
㡭ӳ죬ѵ³֣㲱һᣬûϢ
׷ŹһˡӰһɢӴܵĹ־ʿ׷ȥһתһĽã磬ϺӴеĹ־ʿƬ̱ʮ˵Ľ¡
ľһʿЩηİս֮һ˧ȥʿûˣҲûսͬʱǵʵҲ
ԭʤʿһϸֵĹ־ʿһʼܣʿǵʤʿʱǱɱĶ󣬸ûжĻ֮
׷ɱ˴Լһӣ˶˻ûʽ˷ܵı֮±ܿһսʤûһ־ʿӵ
˵˿ڣ˽ʳŪһյһͺȣж
¡䡭
شһ𶯣ԽԽ󣬸տʼҲֻȼע⵽Ƭ̣оʿоˡ
׼ս£оʿѸ׼ķƬ֮Ź־ľʿ˵֮С
ɱûκεķϻ𣬶Щʿһȭ
һ޿ƥеƣִʿ֮кȻըǿ񱩵ֱӽһСʿɡ
ݡ
־ʿûӦʤʿֽϵ˳ȥ

żƿһƬŹ־ʿѹȥ漴һƬĲҽУһ꣬һжٹ־ʿֻʣһ롣
ô£ô£ֵĿֲϮŹܼҵжӳˣԼƬ̱ȥ룬ҲʧȥΪһжӳӦеĻ
үܣЩʤʿмơܼСͷδ˵꣬һֻ֮д˹ȥҲȻֹ
壬ôˣжӳһѽСͷУСͷﲻϵðѪȻ˵ȴڶҿǿͣȻڽжӳϽߡ
Ƭ֮Сͷ˫һҲûϢ
壬塭жӳ˫һӱͨ죬ʱѾ嵽ǰеСͷ첢ûа⣬ЦȻǲ֪
㣬ɱҸףɱҼˣɱ壬ȥɡжӳһͷ񱩵Ұޣ˫ͨ죬ȫ죬ףСͷ£һ˫ȭգһȭ
һĨЦҲȭһգһŭ𣬶Ժȥ
䡭
ȭȭԣɫȻһ䣬ʱоԼȭͷһ˵ȭͷһ𣬶һһ𣬼᲻ɴݡ
ꡣ
һ죬һȻжӳԺȭͷҲһʹ
жӳҲһͣȣһŭٴ˻ȭ˹ȥ
ֱʱע⵽жӳȭͷ֮ϲ룬ɢŵĽ⡣
ҵҪȭͷжӲһߣҲʾĻȭȥ
䡭
ٴӲһȭȻЩ׼Էȭͷһȭͷ֮Ȼһʹ
һˣһͣ£ٴλȭǸûһ㼼ȫƴ
䡭
˲㽻ȭһηֿ֮ʱ˫ȭһƬѪ죬Ѫжӳ˫ȭȴʡ
ұȭͷֱжӳһЦӰһٴγ
֮ǰһҲû˿ԥȭȥҪ嵽һʱȭͷȻһתܹжӳȭͷӲźȥ
ͻȻ仯жӳû˿⣬Ϊȭͷں֮ʣȭͷҲȭͷ
߶ûжãһɱؿŶԷȭͷԼš
䡭ȭͷͬʱڶԷ֮ϣжӳû̫ȴͫ͵һΪԼһȭ֮ǰһڸһ㣬õȭͷһʹ
жӳ֮ϵȭͷõһ֮漴һʹ
ŵš
һʮɫһƬ죬жӳȴֻ¶ɭȻЦ⡣
ӣӲӦһֽ־˵֮˵ʱȫӲգͨˡһԵİ⿴˿Ͻѡ


056 
ԭˡ˵ͷһתóһʵǿʱģʱͬҪһЩ˵רߣȻɵԼ˵ǿԾ
ýҾôжӳһĨЦȻȭͷ˹ȥ
ϡ
֮жӳȭͷһ㣬䣬ʱʵҪǿǣϣȴռһϷ硣
ʱĹ־ʿѾ뼸ӳֻɱ⣬жӳ֮Ĵս档
֣ǽվʲôô֮ܽǿȻ¡ﱦһ𾪿١
Ҳ֪վʲôֻҡҡͷ̫ҹӦһַǳŪ֣ԺʸҲһս
ǰﱦҲ˫۷ŹĵͷٿжӳĿⶼ˸Ĺâ
ͬʱԱߵֵܿжӳ𻯵ȭͷҲ˫۷Ź⣬ϴԵϲصԺսҲͲ㱻˼ˡ
⣬Ҫûңĺͱ˸ͱˡƲƲ죬˵Ķ죬ǵԱߵİһЦ
ЦʲôЦһΪҲ֪һȥЩÿĻ쵰˼˿֮Ȼ˵ˡĵ
ҲһӵصǣǸˣȻһҶģ滳ǲСá
ԣƬ̣ܵΧʿǹĿ⣬Ҳ̲ס쵰Ҹƴˡ
ûȰ֣ԱߵĹﱦĿͶ˹õֵܲһҲˡ
䡭жӳٴһԻһȻ죬ͬʱʮͣ¡
ˣɡﱦͬʱվȴȴҡҡͷжӳмصһƤӲôһС
һطʵģжӳҲʾ¶мЦ
ܺãܺáŭЦȻϲȭүʶһҵȭ˵۸㡣
˫ȭգȫսӿһŭһȭ
սҰ
ͳȭͷ֮һȻ֣ǿϢõΧֵʤʿɽѹɫЩס
˿
֪춯񣬹˲ҵһŭѸ˿
ܵɢǿֲѹԭŲѵжӳɫҲǴ䣬ۿѵǰ鼱֮£Ҳ˲Աһ˸¿ڱܹһ
ȻûɿѴ߷ȥȻһתٴκԭ߾ͺܽжӳܡ
䡭
һжӳһСʯӣɳȥغѪֹҲ
ץҪûгȥжӳŰһͺȣߵԱóҩϵȥˡ
ˣϽɨսʳȫջ٣õĶﱦҲϽкж
Ƭ֮㽫˰ãԣȻȻЩۣ˵Щ㲻ʲôʱʳҲ˰ᵽһѣΪܴŨ̡
˵ôߵֵԣ쿴ѱǸĥòжӳ
쵰ڡһŭ˵仹ŵһжӳһڡ
ǺǺǡжӳ죬ſڴЦѣʱ壬һڵѪֲɱȫңҪҵĹȥɣŰɣʦΪұģһܲ˵꣬жӳŵĴЦ
Ȼ㻹ʦҲûôˡɫһ䣬תȥ¶ݣһЦжӳȥԱߵİӵصҰҪҰˡ
ûᰢߵжӳǰһӣڱƳ֮жӳĻֵסһء
ϧˣܵõվҲͲٳ߲ͬˡжӳεҡҡͷҲף㽫жӳ£ҲδܹõԼҪģڴҲܡ
õվҲδضá߹Ц˵Ļ˲ԼͬĿ϶¶ɻɫ


057 뿪
վȷʵǷǳҲѪ̹κ˶ȴҪһַǳĿʯ͵վҪʯ˵վԽʯڵһЩյ֮ڣǿ壬վʯһ᲻ɴݡ
ԣ˶һʯûмȴ˵᲻ɴݣʥ׵ıرϣ
ϡ٣мʯҪ٣һֻжŻУʤ۹Ҳ
ѹ֣˱̬ĹȻûԭ˿̵Ȼ
ϴ鷳ˡɫصص˵վһĹʵѾﵽʡ
ԣ˶ɫ䡣
һٲɫصص᲻жӳͲǽŵĵӣϾŵҲһǿߣôΪͽϾ츳ܺá
ˣ츳ǳĲҡҡͷȻʮ㲻öôɫΪ޽վҪܶʱ壬ٶȱͨҪһ롣
˻˶һжӳҪһʱ壬Ҳ˵ֻ˶ʮ꣬ʮѾݣǹˡ
ȻжӳĿֲ츳Ҳľѣ˳ɫĵӱɱκһʦᱩŭԺ϶鷳ϣǵǵɫΪǶͷ˾ҲǴҵĹǣȴѹеĵǣЦ
ʲôһ˶ûܵ˭֪ǳ֣Ҿ֪ôʱѻصʤʮ֣ҾͲҴ
˵òҲҳӪϾǾ൱ʤҲοˡȻʤ۹ֻһ̻Щġ
ʵ˵ɣлǳģΪ֪ĸǰʤֶͲֵһᡣ
ˣҶˣսɶꣿɨһսʳȫˣ˵Ҳ˿ڰãЩ̧һѾϢȫ޵ʤʿʱͫһ
һſɨսİʵжֵȥ
ʮһˡͳص⻹а˲ˡ
Ŀһת쿴վڰļȱ첲ȵľʿζû˵һŴŹٵߵǰǶʤĺöɣûûʤʿ
ˡ˫һ죬ˮ̲ס
ˣˣһֻһȣûʲô˲ġҽһô
ԣڳ˶һ㶣ѾˣӵĹأӦˣҲ͵ȴû뵽Ȼⲻȥô
ˡѷٺﱦɵȼ̲סͬʱǵĻû˵꣬˾͵սɳսΪȱһֻһȶ˵Ŀֿˡ
ʿһ_ϵصҵɡ
ܺáͷԻýó֮ǰϴٵһЩɻĿ֮£ֳһÿһǧҵĽ𿨣𿨵κһ̻ᶼԶ֣ǽǸȥֵܵļȥ
˵ţ𼸸ϣǰѶ֮󣬾͸ԻؼҰɣǧң⼸õսһʯǻؼҺúɡ
ˡ˼⻹Ҫǻؼңֻ´ģ˵ίһЩˡ
ѵҪΥĿһӱסǾҲǻؼǻؼҺúúΪʤܳĺ
˺һԱߵʤʿһ
񡣡һȣоʿһżһ񣬲ʱ˶˫۷죬Ҷףпһμˡ
ֵǱأȿ֮һҪ֪ͨǡ˵һ͸ǵİԾɱȥ
ˣǲ£żԶȥıӰһǵؿ죬ǹֵ۹ڣǵˣһˣϵˣǾΣˡ
ֻˡ̾ϢһȥһĻᣬǣһ̱
ս֮У˭Ҳ˲˭֫ȱ٣ڴս֮ʵٵü룬ҲΪʲôҪ뿪ԭ


058 ʵ¶
ѷҲ˼˵õİ취һ·ǰȥδ뵽ǶԼһֵܣ̲ס̾Ϣһ
ˣֵѾ񡣡һСߵǰ
ջеİˣͷЩռһĹ־ʿ˼һµЩеֵܻϣҲߣܱ˹ִһٵ
ǡжһӣȫ٣Ҫս֮⣬սҲǸɱһ⡣
ڳǣֵ۹ľǣǶ
ʲô
Ԫ˧޴µı棬Ϊ˧ĳȣҲɫ䣬ˢһλվ˫һ㿴±ľʿȷûϴͳ죿
ԱߵҲһɫ䣬λվ
شԪ˧¾Բϳǻڴҵơʿ˵ţ͵һɫơ
ӹƿһۣ޴±ȷģɫҲԽ뵣ǣ޴û˵ǵͷ˼Ҳ˵Ͼǵ֮ɫеѹõ·ʿɫףˡ
һ޴̧ͷǾʿʲô
شˣͳһѺʳ߰ٶʿȫʳҲ٣֮⣬ǻжӳپʿʬ塣ʿľ˵ţò
ʲôҲˡ˶סˣϸǳ˾
㲻ɣȻֻ˽վһָƲ򲻹߻ûġһͳŵĶžʿʵ
ɾʿһƵһҲ顣
ȥɡ޴žʿ˰֣Ⱦʿ뿪֮ͳ춼̲סˡ
Ԫ˧ҹϵ´ֻﵽʱɽμ壬һҽŭ
ɣȻʵһ㣬ʦȴһֻ̤ڵĸ֣һкüʦ֣ʦ۰ˣʦҲưڸݡ

˵ţ޴ҲԽѿ˶ǿıԭΪԼӦñǰսȫһЩرչˣ³ʲô£ջǳˡ
Ƭ̣޴һ֣˶ʱȫ죬ȴ̾Ϣһŭҵǲ⣬ɱǵˣǾټҵսһҲδɱڲˣҲˣȻʤʸֽҹֵ۹
һڳ˶ɫ䣬ʵĿֲͲǾʿԵֵģʵǿٶȳ죬ٶ̫ܣһʵȶԷǿϵʣͬȼʣòǡ
˸֣Ҫڹֵ۹ңһ
ѹ֧ʤ࣬ȴÿÿױ㽫ǵĳǳعơ˶ȻЩһֱɻΪʲôǵĳǳػôױƣҪ֪ǵõϢʤֻʿֻˣԶûǵĳ࣬ҳųǽֵףʸһ𣬳ǽûһá
ˣǵֶΧ˰ɣһͳǺ󷽸ƻõǺ󷽵ľͲǽڳǴһЩӰ컹Ǻܴ󣬵޺꽨Ԫ˧ǱȴУûʳȥǱ߽Σա
ˣǳﻹʣǳְɡһͳҲֻҪǳ֣Ⱥʤʿ𣬶ҵʱҺɵʦ׷Ҳһ
˼һ£޴ҡҡͷɫصصУҵõϢʤǱߵĸѾˣλ뿪ʤǱ߳ûǻԴ
˵ţ͵һߣ˵ɶսΪһˣҲǲǿģǵĺ̨׷ʣҲҪκεĽÿôʿսܽù
ˣѵǾôŲʣһͳüͷ㲻˽Ⱥʤʿڹ֣Ҳǰ취ǵӰ̫ˣҲʹڶʧȥġ
⣬Щ˴ģںܶƽ񶼶Ƿǳмȥ²ʤĲȡ
һ޴ɫȻһŭЩ壬ƽʱƽѹե̫ñ˶ȥˣǱٸôƽƽȻʤľʿм


059 ŭ
˵ͷ˵ЩĴȣڵļȻҪһЩΪ˼ǿ㹻Դһֻѹեƽ񣬷ǵԴִӺζ
ɨһۣ޴һ˵ЩӳжӳһЩСӳ£
ˣǲ£ֻǵļ嶼ЩʤʿƵĳȫʤɱһ⣬ҶȥΪ˱𡣡һͳ͵ȷǣǾˣһҪԾΪ׼뿪¡
˵ţͳһתȻڽʱѹܽȺʤʿ³Щ˻̲ס
ģ֪ͨ۹ɸֹ֧ԮؾһᵽʱȺʤʿ𡣡޴ʮ˵
ֵ۶Ϣܿ촫˶һɻֻһЩĸ߲֪۶˲֪û뵽˿ãܿʣΪҼȻɱˡ
õϢ֮ʼҼĸţΪ˭ҥɵ޴´Ϣ˶סˡ
ӣǳӣ츳Զѣã֮еĳ϶һ¿ãѾ϶ΪһεļֻʵﵽʣɽΣȴû뵽ҼԺδȻô
˭һҪǧСŭʨӣһŭ˽Ʒȫ飬ǽѡ
˼֮еи֣һȫ޴ȷ֮ҳ϶ŭ졣
Ҫǻ쵰ʬΡףż֮еλϡ
ɱδ˭һ뷢԰ףƤȴ߿Աߵҳϣ壬ߣϰһˣ뽫ɱץȥһ˽ڳǣҪ޴¸һ
ǣϣ
ұȥһǰҪȥȴסǼ뿪壬ڽʣ֪мСûҵ⣬ʱڼ󡣡
ģһץԴáλ
һۣҲ֪ҵλ뿪ֻõͷɱݺصһоͰλˡ
һߵĴɽ֮ϣʯϡ٣ľҰݶѵһɾһɽϣȴһɨDDš
࣬ȫŲʮˣ½Ҳ㲻ʲôڹֵ۹ԼΧȴպգΪƶһʣΪվԭ쳣ǿ˵һڸֶԾ·硣
֮⣬ƶµļоĸʸ֣Ƕվȫսǿǵ߶ܡ
ʱƶĴӻ֮ϣɫȴǼȵȫǳһɳɱٻʦһоղԡ
һλ׳൐¶հ㼡Ĵ󺺶Żʵʦ֣ѵ˸ҽŲɣ
ʦ֣ʲô˸㣬˵ʦȥ
ܾûлˣҲ뿴˭ôۣǴʦ֡
ƽʱ˶ŹˣԽŵʵҲû˸ǣҲͲٽ
ס졣һŭɫ䣬ٲҳĿȫڻϣΪǵĴʦ֣Ȼƽʱȴڴʦֵļӣ˺õþֵһ㣬ǿŸ˵
ڻϾȻŭǣǰûзɴ˿ɼεжء
Ͻһ⼸Ŷλʦܣλʦһȫɫ䡰ôܣСʦôܱɱˣ˭ôĵӣȻɱҽŵˣ
ʤɡϿˣСʦȻŲãʦϲ£ʦڱչأЩʦֵıΪ𣬷ʦҲû
ʦȥɡԪվɱĵ
ϿԪ˼£ͷã¾ȥȻɱСʦܵпԪʸ֣̫ǿҲһʣÿԸ֡
ʦ֣ʦһȥɣеʲôҲиӦҲվһڴؿŻϣȴ뻪ϵȻһЦ֪ȥתתʦչ֮ʱѾԸ˭뿪ɽţ㻹ȥúɣʦʱûָ÷ˡ


060 ǿ
첢֪ΪԼԭѾõʤŭ죬ɳʸΧɱʱŸһǳصľʿһƬ֮Ϣ
ˣҵô꣬ûù־ʿǳ졣ٶһ˷ܵ˵ţ˻һԱߵʤʿ׷׵ͷ
ֻΪֽоȫǰߣŹ˲ǡЦҡҡͷаڣǳţǶԷĸ֣ǰһֽȻһжˡ
⵹ǣûаϣ⿿ǣҲô׵ġﱦЦˣ˵ǽִĸǣ
ûлش𣬶İһ֣ͼ̵ϡ
ָŵͼЩѾΧǳأƹֵ۹Ҳע⵽ǣ뿪ˣ֮ǰһǳر¡
Ϊʲôɻؿ죬ﻹвٳǳأΪʲôһҪأ
ǺǡһЦ٣ǿɲǿǾˣֻΪǣƹǰľʿǵľʿѵûע⵽Ǵٵÿһ涼һĵϵӵڹǰߵ٣
˵ţ¶ЦݡЩڵ֪ǵļ˶ɱˣһ޲ôƴһ־ӱӰ졣
ԣڳоٶȻԭһֱǴĸڹ־ӵ٣ԭΪ
ܵ˼˶¶ı飬ⶼ¶𾪵ɫ֮ǰ첢ûи˵Щ˭û뵽ΪֻǴڴء
ˣҲϢòˣ׼Եվ⼸Ҷǳ࣬£Ϣ죬ҲԺúһʵ
áߺ֮г˷֮ɫ
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Ϣ̫ǿǿ춼еȫϾѹһɽ
˻սһ˻һͷԵڵأ󾪣һԾűⱻսѹϣ˻δվȣǵӰѾǰ
áİɫһ䣬ӰһǵӰͳ˹ȥ
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ֻһɾϣûӦѵɳȥȻѾȥ룬ȻõȫѪӿ
ۡ
һأ̲ס³һѪɫҲһӱòҰףȫҪɢһ㣬춼ûӵ
òҪʸ֣Ȼһʿ͵ϮһŭͻȻֵ峤ƽ˹ȥ
ҲҪѵЩҹָǵĳǾͲϣƽһߣû˿ĳɣ綾һ㣬Ϊһ磬Ű˹ȥ
Ӱ磬ۻңǺ֮˫û֡
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ԽԽգϵĹ⻪Ҳӳ̫Ϊʱ۾ɢĿֲѹõõڵϵͨ졣
ʡ
ܵƽϴǿֲѹɫһӱòҰףоǾߴﵽϣÿһǵĲ඼ǷǳĴ֮ǰܹǣƺӻΪӻʲãҲ֮Ӳ
ڵƽȴʣ֮ޣҴӶԷɢϢѾ֣ԷǲŽʣһפѾá
ȥ
һȣƽ羪ףһ·ռ䶼ǿֲƣһС̫׹һ㡣
ӣߣʡ
һۿһҪͷԭģȴȻ֣ԷѾʶԼ֮£ֻҧ߶ȫսӽȥ


061 
á
Աߵܵƽһٿľٶɫ䣬ʵôЩҲ˽⣬Եһ
֮Ըڹֹڴ̵֣ľǰλʸ֣һˣԶԷλʣȻ˽ɡ
ȻʶãôЩ죬֮ĸ黹Ǻܲһ뵽ǻʬоĲ𣬱ϾЩ˶Ǹġ
Сˡ
쾡߶ڵ֮ڵأһɿֲȻţ˫ʮֱָһ֮±仯Ȼһָ֮צţҲƬƬ֣ȫ
߾ҪһնɱƽͻȻеһɿֲϮʵĸ֣Ҳһ´󾪣æŤͷܴķ򣬽ţ˶ˣоǾš
У֫ȫצԴ֮ȻðǣţԴϱһͷҲڽ֮вϱ䳤ȫɫۼǡ
գۼ䣬һ˱һͷ˫ǣϲɫۼףֻצĴޡ
һУƽĶᵽɤۣҲȻͣΪһͷޱ仯ΪˣҪ֪ܹ仯Ϊ˵ʵǿֲ˹ܽɱĴ֡
ƽһܵɢĿֲܣҲʶĿ죬ÿ仯ΪֲһĻеľƽ
Ҫ֪ദʮ죬һ뵽һͷֲĹһʮ죬Ķڲ
졣
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һ˲䣬ΧȫѸپۼͷһγһͷ׳ľ޴ǻΪǰΪеһݡ
һƽŷӦ
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߿磬գۼһ˲䣬ͷ֮ϣһһƽµϡ
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䡭
һ죬ƽܵԼһ޴ݺݵ֮ϣ˲ȫѪ·ڣҲ֮£ɳȥ
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һƣΪ񱩵籩ɢһ·зݣǽڣľȫȻ籩֮£ҲȻ˰ߡ
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챻Լ׷ɶ˳ʮ׵İ£뵽Щദһҧһѽ챧סתȥ
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Ⱨ죬նųȥһ·ϣû˵һ仰Ҳ˫΢գתơ
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ȥͻȻۣصùңҪ
һ£Ӱ·һȥ
һأ԰ĻվһģԵڵأҺð⼰ʱֽס
ңˣʹȫܲһͺȣԻý֮óһڵǿס塣
ݡ
ͷãһΪһԲãЩΧŹٵ˹ֱָ㼲ȥ

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062 ⷢ
ȥɡŭһսָ֮УʣЩ͵ֵסƬ̱㱻նɱ٣ʣµĶ÷׷׺ˡ
ˡվһҡڲһнľģѪİɱһѽס
ˣôˣŵڱϵİҲ嵽ǰŹ־ʿ͵Ϯ
ҡ˻ƣصϽ򿪳ţȥ˭߲ˡ
ǣˡɱĹٵʱûΣգתųŷȥ
䡭
յĳŴϣƬŴһȻֹͣٵٴηɱǰŴˣѾ򿪡
ߣ뿪һ𣬹ٺͰһһҽţųŷɱȥ׷ɱŹֵָİҲ׷ɱһŶȥ
á
յſڣͬʱɫһ䣬
˵Իýóһٵ̻Ľ𿨣һЩʯЩջһݣǻʤ֮ǰڷսֵÿٽңһսֵÿһǧʣµǷ֣ҺͰ˵ţ㿴⡣
֮ǰ˵ֵֵ۶Ұⶼ㡣¶һĨЦ
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ǡɽȻǶԸô뿪˵Ǿǲҷԣǳɵϰԡ
ٵ˸תǿϢԶͣǰ
ȥɱǡһٵҪӣƲһĨѪһһԾųҪȥ
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ϡ
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Ʒڽã֮ϣȻ˲㱻ãÿһýãתٶȱһ㡣
ãһתķ੣ƽơ
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һ죬ƽɫȻ䣬ϵĻҲһҵĲţƽĻҲԽĲ
ҹ޿ˣƽȻ߶ȫսעֻСص֮£Žãݺݵĺȥ
࣡
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ϣû°ɣ
ʱİɫҰףϢίңǴѪϵȱڣҪѡ


063 
û¡ҡҡͷƽϵǽû뵽ҵһȻʶ˵Ҵﵽ֮һ¶꣬һȷʵûа׷ҵĿġ
һԼģƽ𾪣ͷһ۸඼˿ڣֿһɼǵ˺ۣɫѾ𾪱š
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ͷһпʼپεĸı䣬Ѿʮ꣬ЩһֱסҳǣһΪϲ徻һΪܾĽһ
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á
ƽʶϽˣϮĺɫٶȱ˲٣˳벽ѺȻϡ

Ĳҽƽ﷢һ㣬ֲŵ÷е˶Ȼͣ
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һ죬ƲһתƽƽǿֲģʱҲһһŷӦ峤ϣôˣ
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ŵ㣬Ұ쵰ƲӰһתɫɱǿ
ܵɱȻĿ⣬һݣһãһ嵽ԣóһռŲսС
СȥƲһŭӰΪһӰ˹֮ɢϢõͷƤһ顣
Ȼճ嵽ǰû£ֻȻһãΪҪˣʲôһҪȥȴǹãγһ߽ãͼУ߽ãͼãһȻʧ
⡭ǰտҲĵ棬ƲһûӦֱǱʹ಻ƽ֮ʱŷӦ


064 ͻ
ƽԭϣһ׹ѶӰ
ǡ
һ޼ʵƽԸһã
ǻӳˡǺһЦԵú˷ܡ
ӣô£⿴죬Ͼ֮ɫ
˳콫ϵĿռŲݵǰõð˫һһǿռϵ˵ţ죬ŵصӣô
ȻԼƵġЦҿһʦ
Ȼʦһڿˮʦжôôûмһҩʦʦ֮ȶöࡣ
쿡һ죬Щ˼صҲǸտʼѧϰֻռŲղʹõıѷ
û뵽ᣬʵǿǸʦһܿϷ۽硣ֻ˼ɰȴô룬˵ѷ͹ǿռŲıĵλͲһͼʵ͡
˵ţһ£ͻȻ죬˴֣Щ˼صӣ֪ܲܰҲһռŲ
˵ţ첻ӦϽģҪʲôֻ˵һ취Ū
ˣһռŲѣûʲô˵ġǺһЦԻý֮óһʱ̺õĵݸ⣬ֻҪսעУע⣬֮γһʱСδȻСδ󲢲ֻҪڴķΧ֮бᱻͳȥ
Խ࣬ʵԽǿҪҲԽ࣬ռŲֻóʯģսʸ֣һ˿ʹΣˣһξ͵ýľ
˵ţõǸȻǸֻǴһΣеѾ˴롣
лӡ⻶ϲصĽӹϿֿʲô䱦һ㣬ʲôûףֻ֮Ľ
˵ЩעҲļôĶûһʹãҪ֪ʱһ䣬ûгףͲڣЩоս˽ӴѶûһû˭ʸʹôĶ
ȻӲҪ˵һ˵ĻΨһһȻദʱ䲢ĸоǷǳأصĴڣǲ׷Źġ
ϣ˰ɣϵ˲ᣬٵȥ¾ͻº֢ˡ˵ţһƿ⡣
лҲùƿսƿ򿪣һŨҩõð⾫һæһöʱ
ð죬ſˮͰ͵ص⡭ƷҩЩ̫š
šͷϧֻöҪһ᲻ó
ԣȫһϽҩװҩƿݸ죬ӣⶫ̫һԼĵҩɡ
˵䣬Ŀһֱͣƿ֮ϣӣͺ˭ȥһ㡣
Ҳ֪ʲôط˶ˣҪǿнɣԱ뾡ҡҡͷҩȻ󣬵ܱȵֻҪסˣʲôеġ
أ˵þͺһ㣬õð˼ʮͷӶΪ棬ȴ룬ʵҩý֮лŲ١
⡭£ͷ˵öԣͷǷһ顣
˵ţ̾һҰ⣬ôûǷʲôɽһ죬ѾǷüˣ治֪Ժô塣
ʵǿСԺϵĵطأͱˡǺһЦֻҪԺСǰƳپǡ
ֻҪӿڣ㵶ɽ𺣣ҰҲһüᶨı֤
Ҳٳɣóҩ£͵£
ʱһȥҲ֪ԭʲôطȻ춼ûһ߹˾Ұ޶ûһֻȫˡ
ͻȻ֮䣬ȫһһǿϱƽȣʱǿʱͺеһ㡣
ܵеͻȻۣ⣬üͷľжϣʱȻͻƣͻʱʲô
СôˣŪװʲô£ֻС̡


065 Ч
ʹڶ۷壬ֻһֱûҵͻƵղƷҩ֮ʣȻŵҩҵһ˿СֻصԭڵѡͻƣļȻǿͻˣΪˣº̲㣬ͻƳɹɾˣ˵ԺҲͻˡ
һͻʧܶ˵֣֮Ӱ߶ԺͻƵģͬʱҲ˺оųϵ߶ͻʧһ֮󣬱޷ٽһ
һ뵽ԺܽҲֺܽбһСʵСҪô
ܼ򵥣һöʵƷҩ£ͻƳɹСһЦһȻִӵһÿռŲõҩˣͻƣͷӣԺ󶼸ˡ
ûСóһöҩǰϣˣͻƺ̲㣬һöƷҩͻƳɹŵùңȥ
䣬ſ죬ûҩι
ҩڼΪľ֮УƬ֮Ϣȶϵǿ
Űû£һȻ˵֮⣬ˡ
ʱ֮һɿֲϢ԰籩ʶΧҰݶ裬ڸܵɿֲϢе͵ۣ¶һĨϲ⡣
Ƭ֮ϢȻҲ͵ۣһ֮һ
ϲʵǰŰ⹰Ц
øлӣҰٽһˡϲЦݣóʵҲ˷ܡ
һ뵽ղŵգ£Ҳм
Ĭһ£ͻȻ죬ӣϷǷ̫飬ԺԻ꣬ӲԸ׷湫ҡ
һղС˵û뵽ڰôˣȻ֮ǰҲ²⵽԰Ըкܴܻô浱ôһʸ׷ʱ𾪵ð춼Ӧ
ϣˣҲһССľʿѣΪʦࡣҡͷ̫ͻȻһʱӦ
ûʸʦҡҡͷȻڹʵǿȫطʵԺضΪһ
˵ţ¶һĨЦʵԸЧҹӣ˻֮⣬Ҳ뷨ģʣҪԴҸ˵ܵõ٣һﵽʣȻҲеʵ½ȴʲô㣬ɾͣҰⲻġ
ȻҲͶʤǹֵȵ۹ʵʵҲԸ߹ԴңչˣǾԲԴԼһԴңǿƵԴҲޣҪӦôҲøҶ١
ȥǾ͸˵ˣʸֶ˵㲻ʲôʤ۹
׷湫ͲͬˣڻûɳҪֵʱڿ԰㲻ٵæɳұĵһسŹӵʱҡ
ⲻǻ˼ʮˣ鿴ú˵Ҳ̹ףʾϣҾȻģڿЦҲò
ҲȷʵҪ֣Ҫһְæػ壬аңĴҲɡ
ͨЩʱĽӴΪҲһӹֱ֮ˣȻƽʱ٣ȴûʲôۣҪȻҲִֵ֪ʤܿ³
˲ԼҪô
뵽һ̧ͷȻ˿СӣСҲƳ٣Ȼڲܸϱ֤öٶʲôλ㣬ҿԱ֤㵱ˡ
áϲҾ͵ȹ仰
ȻЧ죬Ҳûнһ㿴Ȼǰð⡣
ȷϵ֮֮ľƺһ˺ܶ࣬ʲôʱҲ֮ǰôļɻ䣬Ҳع˼ôֻ࣬Ҫ˵Ķ˵ˡ
а֮ǰڳ첢ûж˵ֻ˵һսҲûлɡ
ƽΪʲôͻȻֲֿģҲû
ԭһ·ϣһֱѧϰȫ֮ǰֻܿƿռŲһ·ѧϰѧһ


066 ͻ
ѷ
ѷǲñһǿĹԴ󣬹ΪĸͼǳʮʮĵɣݿʯȼԽ۸ը
мʮʮĵɣݿʯĵȼǿԽը
ٴǸ߼ʮһ˵ĵɣݿʯĵȼͬǿԽʥը
ռһ˸һٰʮĵɣ˵½˿Եֵ
Ȼǿ󣬵Ҳżƣȣúã̫һóɹܽΣ˽֮вһԷ߽ȥ㲻¡
һ㣬һóɹܿƣ˭֮УᱻǲҲ⡣
⣬ҪƵķĺܶ࣬Ҫ֪ʯһֻӤƴСƵķĲصһҪһϿʮģѾѣҪʮģǱﵽ߼ʦС
Ϊ̫࣬Ҫ̫ߣû˻ʹá
ѧϰƱ벼ñ󣬶ǿбһãעսըûвó󷨵£Ҳᱬըɲܲ࣬ʯǳʯɲȴҪСϲ١
ԸȴǼΪʡ
ҿƱһҪʯ޵ڵҲԣ֮ǰƽһö֮ǰ߻ʵڵƳɵ
߻ʱʼޣڵ֮бͺо綾ʱƽ˿ڣһմϱǸ
֪֮󣬰һԭΪһöĸ֣Ȼ֮жʵ۸ߵͣöҲ٣֮Ӵʹ˵ԱݣΪԵĲȷԣǳΣա
⣬ö߱߿ĵַᱻ˿
ó߻ʵڵɱȻͲöˡ
ӣȥһʲôط⿴
鷳ϡͷҾˡ
ͷȥ£ۣ
ת۰ȥ
ͻȻ֮䣬֮ееһսȻԼٵѹѹ¡
ȻʱҪͻˣЩЦãȴ˿ĵϽԻý֮óһöƷҩԱղŰͻʱΪ˶֡
תһûгԹĶתϱ죬žеսƬ̣ѾȫսռݣҲϵ׳󣬿սȻûֹͣս룬Ҳһ㱻Ŵ
ͬʱƺܵӰ죬еսڱ֮󣬾ȻҲ⾭
ԭƽĵ뾭ôһ˲䣬Ĵһ㣬µ뾭Ѿװ£Ȼûֹͣ
ˣ֮ԭսʱҲʼį֣ڵͷųս
ڵ뾭ΪʲôֻЩǶһ
ʱһȥʱǵﻹǾ֮ղŴһ룬֮ŵ֮ǰ䡭
ͻȻ֮䣬֮дһԭѾռȻһһСǴ֮γɡ
˸е𾪵ǣСȻһЩӾս
һϲžеսСȥΪ֮֮£СѸ׳Ƭ֮ǵһ㣬ǿдԭԵĵ֮һλá
Ȼ֮ǰĴҲС첻֮еСѹŴɲСֻؿǴմԼһĵ̡
ͬСһڵ֮γɣһɵĻΧۿɼٶȱ塣
õ֮ҲͬʱǴֱǽﶼǵʹ֮ʱͣ£ȻֻСһֱСһ룬ͣ£תٶҲŻǵתٷŻٶҲȻȫֹͣ
ŵ֮еĻתٿѾ֮ǰǴһĵ뾭¶ɫ


067 е
ʿ֮γǵı£ʦҪγҪΪÿһףҪᷭһ
ϲ磬ڴﵽʦˡСЦ£ñ֪֪жٻᱻ뿴֪ĿֲٶȺı顣
֪϶ڵһʱץңõٵԭ򡣡ЦʱǾ͵űȫ½׷ɱɡ
ʲôǽ˶ɱˡСڱ׵ռ뵽ɱķʱ˫Ǿš
֪ССħð˳Цҡҡͷû˵׼ʶ˳֮ʱǴڵ֮еսͻȻðһǿϢ
ȻϢһʧǱ׽ˡ
ϴθܵǹϢ֮һֱעţϧһֱûг֣ںò׵֣ĻܷŹᡣ
ܡ
֮£ʶȻڵ֮ɳһС˶ֻС˶˫۾ţĹâսȥ
䡭
սһղѾҪʧϢȻٴγ֣Ҫȥ֮ʱսһŤһݲϣС۾߱ӣ뷢԰׵Ȼ֡
һСɰӰߣսǸߣСͷȻǻͷ㲻ôôܵսȥˣ
ԣҲһСеĻͷȻָǰ˰ԾǿǴﵽ½۷ĴڣѾȥȻսڣҳԼ֮УԲһ򵥵飬˵оʲôı뵽Ѿ
Сһʱ˵ҲٵĻԾС¶ƵЦݣһүү
ɶЦݣСȴ飬ҡСԴһŵصôܣ֮ϵѾˣôܻţǲܵġ
˭˵ûϵһˣѵҲ֮ϵԾЦ֮Լˣˣ㲻ܽԼȴܹ
˵ţһŤͷ죬صСһܲ츳ܸߣֲ¼ѣѵõҲǳļᶨⶼǳΪһǿѾȫﵽֻҪʱ䣬½ϱضһƬء
ﻹһɷǳضǿ˵Ӧ֮ɣȻҲ֪ʲôǸһֳǿҲ²ӦһֱΪǿޣ½Ժض¡
ŰԾû˵ֻСĵķ
һ£ԾЩɾͱضҪʱ䣬ڵʵ̫ˣҲûһõʦָҪһḻָ֮ĳɳ֮½ƽȺܶ࣬ʱҲòٵġ˵꣬һڴؿ졣
üͷһ壬쿴ŰԾϵı飬˵һ˼ԼΪʦ㣬Ҳ⶯ԾǴ½۷ǿߣܵõָ֮·ȷʵ߲ٵ·
Ծһֱսڣܾ֮ǰԳȴһֱûֹ浽Ҫʲô첻֪оӦòʲô¡
˼£ҡҡлǰ񰮣ֻСӲţʧǰ˵˵Ϊʲôս֮񻹱ţ˵иһս飬ò˶ñҪ䣬һõʧ
ľܾõðԾһ㶣һĨһȴ¶ЦݵΪҵõһطԲűסꡣ
ԭͷǲ֪ǰʲô㣬ս鱻ãһֱҵ֮Ҳǰ취ǰһ뿪İ취ҪæܷԸ
ԣԾҡҡͷг˱ϷҲƴȫűס꣬Ҫ뿪Сֵܵ嵹ǲѣû壬ȥò˶ñСֵѵĿҾôȥ
Ծ⻹סˣһ뵽ԼȻһԼǿö꣬컹ҡҡͷǰһһ꣬ܲǴҵ֮аɣ
ģҾӰ㣬Ȼ㲻ԸΪʦԺһǻָ㡣ԾһЦͲΪҲģһսˡ
ҲӦԾѾʼ̸
ǰ켱һ𣬿ɰԾۿԾҪȫʧʱս飬û취һŭһǿʶ֮ŰԾӰȥ


068 һжı
ܵǰʶҪȫʧİԾɫȻֻһ֣һʶ֮
䡭
ʶ֮ݺݵĺһǲľõﶼò֮еǴӰ죬㽻֯һ
ʶ֮һ˲䣬ԾӰٴʵһɿֲѹѹϣõɫһףһӾͱѹڵء
Ȼʶǿڸղͻ֮ʱǴﵽ۵ʶǰȻһСϺסԾг˰Ȱ㻹ʵһ㣬ٲʵҲ
磬ԱߵС󼱣һ嵽ǰǽС˫ıסĸ첲뽫ڰԾǿֲѹ֮£Ͷá
ͷſ磬ҲСŴ۾ŭŰԾȴԾһЦͽҲǰҵҪм͡
˵䣬ǿֲѹСѹƹȥðԾû뵽ǣСӰ죬üСȭͷգŰԾ˹ȥ
˺Ҹ磬ȥСȻСȭͷգ˾һСˣٶ֮£ǽСѾȫ壬һӵ㡣
ԾһŭҲʾȭͷǰʶ֮Сȥ
䡭
˲һСһСʯӹɵɳȥԾҲû䵽ãС̫СȭͷһݺݵĺڰԾȭͷ֮ϣһ˲䣬ԾֱֻһʹȭͷмȻССȭͷĺ˽ȥ
񡭡
СأǿɰСǳһĨӨ֮ɫһĲӰ֮ղŵһİԾЦû뵽ɣ˵֮г֮⣬ǲܵκεӰ졣
û뵽Ȼһ֡ԾҧףǱ޲ýС̵
˵ң㾭ҹؽռ䣬֪ʲôΪ˷ңСЦҪȻô֪ܲ㻹š
úáû뵽Ǳ˴˶໥šԾЦصɼȱܽô
ԣСɫҲȻ飬飬Ϊһֱڲ֮УҲ֮ʱԴʱΣðԾûһ취
СģƴһҲùСֻʶɵڰԾѹ֮£쫷紵һ㣬аᣬȫ粨һ㲻ϵķɼ廹ǻվ
죬Ծɫ΢΢һ䣬ҪٴμӴѹȴԱߵСһߣСȭͷգ׼ľٶòԸ죬ȫС
硭վСС֮һĨЦ⣬ҲͷŤͷԾûв´ҵ֮УΪǶҰɣ
һСɫ䡣
Ծüͷ΢΢һ壬Цû뵽Ȼ֪ᣬҾΪ˶㣬ѵ㻹Ϊϻڱҵսôõõģ
ԭԾ֮ǰƺˣˣ֪Լ֮ʹطסԼ꣬Ȼȫսһöս飬С
սıκεΣա
ֻҪս飬ҲŽԷ壬ԭȵļƻԷһǿߣֻҪԷֱܹܵ꣬Ӷᡣ
Էһߣսò˶ҲԱǿܹȫ֮ٽжᣬʱҲ
õս֮ȴһûСӣܳܵôǿꡣ
ǿȣҲϸֵܳܵˣһжᣬܲסըʱû壬ֵ»صսڣȴһҵս֮ˡ
ο츳ã֮лһصʹǿֺ壬Ծ˶ܻٵ
ԭԾҲװźˣ̵ԱΪʣʶҲ쳣ǿ󣬻ûʵʶЩĵﵽ֮ʶǿʲô̶ȣʱܷԸԷʶɹ
⣬ҲԼĳֻ컳ɣϾû˭ԸԼһǿ꣬һһΪǳ˽С֮ǿҲǳļɵȻһֱûôÿθܵǿ飬궼ᷢ
ԭ֮£ʹûг֣һֱս֮ڣζԸǿԼʶڱǿ֮ô˳ᡣ


069 ս
ԭһжô˳⣬ֲΪ֮ʣ׶ᡣ
׻˵㲻㣬ÿͻƣﶼЩ仯ڵ֮еսҲܵӰ죬ԭսǲܵӰģǹÿʱҲᷢ仯һϢ㲻ȫأܻЩй¶
ͻƵԽ࣬ӰҲԽϢҲй¶ø࣬С׵ر㷢С֮£ֱ췢֣ܵʵڶ֮Ų˳
Ȼıɫһû뵽ԾĻ˵еһжƺˣûС֮ǰͻ֮ʱرעˣµʱ汻˶֪
ȻˣǽͷָߵͣҲùȻֳһĨɭȻŤͷԱߵССһҾͽ֮Լ
С󾪣ۼȻӨ֮⣬һĶ磬Ҳ뿪㣬һƴˣҾͲƾˣƴ
ǾҲĶ֡ҡҡͷҲ˵ȻǿнС֮ڵԼ
ţͻȻ̧ͷСϳ𾪣ԭΪ˵Ҫ֮ԼӦú׵ģɸղŲԼʶ
ȻˣҲԼȨǲӦǽ˵ġСϳ⣬漴ɫһȻ磬⻵ͷֵʵɡ
˵䣬С˫ǰӡ߶˼䣬Ȼվߣɸûʲô
Ȼһ⣬Сһͺȣ
ؼ塣
ڶСѻΪһ⣬ʶ۵壬ûüӦСһͷ֮С
ţͻȻеԼȫʶ֮Ҳ˲һʮͶ֮䣬ڿռ֮д
ǡ
ܵȻĿֲϢ֮ǰ쳣ŵİԾҲֳһĨء
磬ɱСи֮гս⣬Ӱ죬Ҳս⡣
ɱ
˫ȭգŰԾ˹ȥȻС壬ʹʶ֮һʮ֮ԾҪһЩԿԾȴһЦƾСҲɱң
˵䣬˫֮۳ʶ֮һֱǺȥ
Ҳû˿η壬е˫ͬʶ֮ŶԷȥ
һȻ֮£ʶ֮ȻΪһƬ񱩵ʶ֮ɢ˶ûǿ񱩵ʶ֮Էȥ
䡭
˸ճ嵽һ𣬺㲻ǾҰһ㣬ȭͷԷ˭Ҳʾôȭȭԡ
ʶսΪֻʶеһж޷ʹãûսҲûװȫƴ˭ʶ֮ǿ˭ֵ
չ˵ǻڰԾȻƴȫѾƣԾĹֵûС
磬һϵӰǰǳȥϢİ⡣
ǰ⿴˫Ŀ΢յΪ׼Աµ
ɻûȰתһɿֲʶϢ֮бõð϶ѹһɽϽˡ
һֱ˵ʮ֮⣬žһ㣬ٿʱоǾԸ̾ǿʶ֮
ܿ㷢ֲԾˣΪʶ֮һֱǿƣʱǿʱǿڴʱսһ㡣
ʱͷֱһ˿ϵ·һȫ
䡭
ڰĿ֮£ٶȱһɿֲϢϵ·˲仯ΪƬƬƬɢȥ¶ǽ˸ס
ǹɿֲϢ֮£ΪģԲʮ֮еҰŵƤһ㡣
һǰʸҲ𾪲ѣŵٴס
⵽ô£ɫؿ죬δҲδ˵ѵ˵ֲڴս
뵽ҡҡͷҪ꣬һ뿪Լԭ壬ǳΪʥطôܻʥ꣬һ
벻ʱʲô£æ֪ô֣ҲֻԶĵţ˳㲻ñĶŵ


070 
֮С
䡭
һһ߷ɵʯӵɳȥ˻δأһС֮׷ɳȥõϵϢҲһӻصԭĳ̶ȡ
񡭡ͬʱأʱӰ֮ǰѾ˺ܶ࣬ڰԾѹ֮²Ǳˮһ
ƾСҲǹԹԵűҶɡԾţûнǷУʱһһţĹ߶ѡ
⣬ǻңҾɱ޺޵ص
ɱԾһЦļˣˣһ˾ǣսڣ˭ԴΪҵ¯
ŰԾŵ̬ȣ޲óȥˣʵ̫ڶԷǿֲѹ֮£
ܺãܺáŭЦԾΪƲ㣬㲻ҪôӽҾͲҿôᣬҪˣҲ겻̵ƫƧ֮ҾͲսһֱȥһֱȥҲҪס㣬ܲˣɱ
һԾɫ΢䣬һ̣ȻֳɭȻЦ⡰޲ɲ㡣˵䣬ֻһ֣µսȻһս뵤֮С
һյսȻתٶҲȻ죬һ̣ͻȻоԼսӿʼ
˵ͻ֮ǰס
֪ҵ˰ɣ㽫עΪҵ¯ԾشЦţҲûͣ£ϴս֮ϼһս뵤֮С
ס֣ͷס֣ẦġͻƵʵڰԾĿ֮ҪͻƣС˫۷죬ɸղʹ˵ںؼ֮󣬴ʱǿ֮ĩѾ͸ûһ취ֹԾ
ģҲģҲҪ⸱أԾŵֻǿ̫ۣʵѣȺ£ûأӦøлҲŶԡ˵ֹ꣬Ц
ܵʵڲϵıǿ˫г˾ԼԶﲻԾı׼ĵƣھԼĵƶûˡ
ѵֻܱ᣿вʵšѵҴԽ½ǱģôԲܡ
ܵԾԱߵСϽο磬żҲõﵽʲУǻʱ취
ûСʱȫ⣬ŭҲڶ˲䴫ȫ
ڸܵеķŭѪ֮е֮Ȼ궯ŭ֮ŵ˹
ԭڵ֮аɽڸ֮ܵĳֺҲȻһ⣬ֲϱֱ˰Ծ
֮纣һ㣬ŰԾѹƹȥԾѹ֮¸ãۿֻ֮ù˫ۣһľ֣ȴκεĶܡ
䡭֮ȻڰԾϣԾʶɵ嵱һƬ͸ϵĲͺʱпһ㡣
ʲôôôֲУҾԾŭţѹ֮£Ͷã˵ˡ
Ȼۿ֮˵ĹٴϮеİԾͻȻ˫һֻӰһȻ˽µս֮ڡ
Ҫ֪ѹǴͷѹƣԾֻ˵ǰ϶·ȴǿԵģͺһʿļĸ򶼶ˣпռ䣬ǿ¶ġ
䡭
ԾӰһʧ֮ս֮ϣȴûܽսôֻǴһɨ
֮ƺЩʣˣȻһͷٴγûܽսô
һЧ֮ƺǳķŭٴζսΣնûյЧҲֻþɥȥ
Ͼ֮սҲһݣսҲֻһô˵õ
ǿֲ֮սûһ취ԭĵİԾٴαС㲻ֶκܶôɱҰôˣ
̫ˣû뵽õôһ壬츳ǿôǿ󣬺ܺãǳ֮á
ŰԾɸûһ취ȻȴͻȻһ𣬷һǣսײȥ


071 
䡭
ݺݵײս֮ϣֱӽսײɣİԾȴȻû˿⣬ðԾԽš
һŰɣҳΪˣôʰǣΪ˲ǰǲһȺūѡ
ԾĻõԱߵСŭϧʱС˲ᣬûȥԾСУʾҲС
ڰԾΪԼսڸΣ֮ʣ֮ͻȻðһƬɫĹâãս֮ϣһƬƣﶼӳûһƬ
ƬͻȻֵĻƣûκθоɫ֮⣬ʲôûһ㣬һûС
ȻսڵİԾڸо֮ȴȻֹ
ƹãһһž·սȥ
ֻһӴս飬ʱţµķȻ֮ϡ

ʵĺսڴСҲŹģΪһЩӡҾУ꣬ұѷӡʱ²㣬ҲɡԾԽԽСֱȫϢͬʱϢҲȫʧ
ս֮ϣľץСӥһȫսڣ˲ʧսָֻԭģһжһ
˺һȷԾϢѾȫʧս飬ԭһһսʵ
΢΢һ֪֮İ£ԾʱӡסˣԺôǾ͵ÿԼˣҪôʱȰԾʵǿ󣬽ɱҪôɹ
СôˣŤͷССΪ˰ˣС᲻ʲô¡
û£ȻһЩˣֻҪҵ㱦ɣܿͻָСǿɰС¶һĨ΢Ц
˿ЩʯСָҲʲô£ȻСҪĿʯȼߣҲǳ󣬵չ˵ֻҪģټСҵҲ㲻ʲô¡
ţͻȻ֮䣬ɫȻ䣬ţСҲ磬쿴顭
СĻδ˵꣬һܵǰʶ֮оһ£ȫһһƨ˵ϡ
ʱϢɫղʶһһѾʧҲΪһʧŵ˵ı仯
ʧһս֮ڣ컹оսڵ֮ϵȻΪ˷ӡԾԼע뵽ս֮ڡ
İԾұؽʬΡڵ֮зŭţԾȴ
磬⿴ϵı仯ͷ亹ϵȥ뾡˰취ǲ֪ΰ졣
ģ⵽׳ʲô£ôﲻֹţ˫ֽգǡҵҪܰﵽ
֮ʱ˫۽յȻ۾ɫȴǳİͺ˼ûϢһ
ӣˡı仯˲䷢֣һܵǰղŷʲôˣƺգ
Ѿûˡҡҡͷһı仯ԼھȻѾﵽʦȻһϽ鵤뾭ı仯ֵﵹûжٱ仯ȻΪһӱǵʵ̫࣬еҵʹӰ֮㲻¡
һٴδ߶ڵ飬ʣµ֮ڼľ뵤֮У漴ȫϢҲȻǣ˲㵽һ
Ȼڴ˱仯첻û˿ϲɫɫһӱòҰףȫ΢΢زֻڴ߶֮ڵʵҲһ
ûͻ֮ǰ컹ֻǾʿܽ˵һӴﵽʦ֮࣬簴֮ǰȫ߶飬ʵٿԴﵽ
ȴֻܴﵽһ֮ǰﲻζţͻƣʵûеõ󽵡
֮ǰĴսһ·ս޲ʤľȻʧȥʵǰЩǲ롣
뵽԰Ծ޲òĹͷꡣ
ӣôˣⷢɫԽѵǿɻɫôôѿ
ûʲô⣬ֻϳһ⡣Цҡҡͷ
⻰ȴһϳ⣬һС⣬˵Ҳ飬Ϊ⽫ӰԺĳɳ


072 
ӣʲô⣬˵ϰ˵ܰʲô취
صģӰԺҡҡͷֻԺʹطҲǰôʵˡ
ԭˡһ¶һĨЦֻҪӰԺͳɣطôǿչ鲻ԼʵҪԼʵյġ
˵ʵ֮ǰҿһʿʹطֱȷʵҲŵòᣬطȥ֪Ϊ׷ɱĿ꣬Ȼܶ˶֪˱̬طضźܴƣܻŽңطԼҲʹأ
Ҿ㲻ʹãоһ˵ҲоʺԼططҾõǺ£ⲻԼ˶ĹעͬʱҲᵽʵԼãԺҲΪ̿ࡣ
⵹Ҳǡͬĵ˵ͷεȷʵоֻԼʵˣıϣ黹Ǳطʵչ鲻ԼģֻҪ΢ʲô£Ͳˡ
ҲΰԾĵһ¡аš
ܹͨͺáһЦصͷѾ̽ҳǶﴦڷȻڹֵ۹ڡ
ɲΧЩǳأЩڹ־֮еٵģЩʤĹִ֮е١ʵ
ӣѵǻҪϮЩٵļ岻ɣɫ΢΢һ䣬ĵص֮ǰֵ۹ɳʸǿԿѾעǣϮΣյġ
Σգ쵭ȻһЦҵôʶֵ۹ȷʵѾע⵽ǣҲ취ԸǣҲΪֵ֤̫Ӱ쵽Щ٣Ϊ˲Ӱǰߵս£ǲŻɳʸϮǣ԰Щٵġ
ֵ۹ô󣬳ǳϰ٣ܷǣ֮ǰŹǣжЩ㣬ֻʣˣһ֮ڣʹ֪ܵȥˣ
汻ϣҲֻܹˡ
ԣ˫һֵ۹˼ΪҪĳǳʸҲһЩʵ˵ͨҲ£ЩǳȻ
Ҿ㱻ԷϣǻĿռŲô
ıƣʱ˵Ҫֵ۹ȥңҲ˿ĺ¡
ھȥЩڹ־е١ӦһתҪȥ
ȵȡס⣬ֻԿռָ֮óƤƵİȻǰֻ˰ƴСð𾪵Ȼ涪һѶЩƷ
⣬Цϣһ鵽ĸھе٣ֱϴˣ鷳ʵˣȥҲﲻ϶æ
ǡӹ䱦һ㿴һȻ֮ĽպãȻֻĿռƷռҲСһմϿռ֣쳣󣬲һԵõģȻʸ֣һ͵òֶ
ռһ㶫Ҳ㡣ǺһЦ
лӡϲҲûƳ٣Ϊ֪Ÿ߼Ļý䡣
ŰĻϲ뿪ЦҡҡͷȻԼʵ˰ôһߣǰȫ
Իý֮н֮ǰµЩʯһԵȫóʶһռ֮Уɫίڿռ֮УҲû֮ǰСһʹСû°ɣ
û¡С¶һĨǿЦݣõĸʹ˵ϻЩʯȥðɣʯԺǿҡ
С˫һҲû磬̫ˡ
˳׿ռ䣬콫·óĿʯ֮£ֻãһпʯȫʧ
½״ϣóһöҩ£㿪ʼ
תǰȥЦ֮ʱҲˣʱɫѾ֮ǰ˺ܶࡣ
ӣϴǳصĸ壬ȫɱֻʣ棬кõĶȫװ˵ţͽݸ졣
ˡЦŵ˵ͷӹһңһ㡣
һ£ͷС


073 СƹеӶ
߰ɣźڷ£ֵ۹ܱߵĳǳȫɨˣŵʱֵľϣЩҲ̲סļȥһĨЦݣֻҪһңֵĴս
Ӻüıصͷȴ룬ΪδʹʤܱԾټİȫΪӣΪ˱֤ﵽһټ岻ܵѪЩٵļǨĴǻһЩͳǳ֮УɳʸפԱ
תȥ˵ķ񹥻֮£ֵ۹ǳžٵļ屻һϢʱõùֵ۶˺֮ǡ
ɳʸֶΧ裬ƱҪȫ֮⣬Ϣָ׼͸¶һ͸¶ѹ۴
Ȼ׻˵ûв͸ǽЩ֮ʱƽ񶼿ĿȫסϢ
һССƹ֮Уһ뷢׵һʮһĺžƣǰֲֹ֮ڵ¾Ʋ˰ڷţϵ˼ҳ˵ֻƽŻԵʳЩˣͲмһˣɳϵǣȴԵýζûһ㲻ʡ
տʼԱЩͼӶƽ񻹾ú棬Ƭ֮ҲˣǵķˣԼȤĻ⡣
ֵܣ˵ʳǱ߷˳ǡһףɢһŨغζӶԱߵͬ˵֪ǲġ
֪ˡӶЦǰ˳ǵģֻ˵۹һʴǰǳأǸߣһɱ⡣
ôأ֮ǰ˵Ӷ˫۴ص׳ʲô£ôʸֶˡ
˵ͳˡһС۾ӶЦڹֵ۹ʤ۹սˣ˵ֵ۹Ϊһս׼ʮ꣬ǴӺڷֱɱʤȻл׼£Ȼֱȡʤ۶
ԭһжƻˣ˭֪ϢȻʤǰ֪Һʤû֪Ϣֻǧս֮ǧפغڷ¡
ںڷ´һ̣ʮʸֿɱʤɾֻӳˣʤ֮ȴһţˣȻʵֵһʶˣһɱ˹һˡ
С۾û˵꣬Χ˱㵹ʸЩͨӶǲսʤģȴȻһˡ
һɱһս֮ǿǰս֮
Ҳ̫˰ɣʲôôʸֻˣɱһս֮ʸһҲδܻɱһս֮ɣһͷĿĴ󺺵ʾš
£ԱһӶС۾˵ûʤһֵһʸˣ˵ϴбףʶԴ̣ʲ֪ûд̽壬ȴʵ塣
һɱһս֮ҲʵҪһ̫ǿ󣬽ִȫסˣʤٶҲܵ»Ǵӹ־֮дġ
飿ͷ˫۹ĵþͭ壬𾪡
ԶֹˡС۾˵ٶʤ󣬲ûصǣȴҹֵ۹һϴ˺üǳأǿȫ⣬Щʳƽ˵Ƕʤʿǵƽ񶼸мѡ
˵ڽɱһ֮ʱĴ֮һҵδɱңϮҳʱ⵽ʸֵϮȫûΪ˱룬ʤһƴһʺһһʵϮ
ǡ
е
ֵܡ
һ޲ѣЩӶ˵ǵĹҹǿΪڸ֮ߣУֻ壬ֻʵ֮ʤܶ˵޹ؽҪ
𳳣С۾˵ǲǱҵʸץˣһ֮Ӷʵǽŵı飬ƺԱߵ˵ʱţǶЦѡ
ôܱץҪǱץˣûɻʳǷ֮ˡС۾һЦԵЩصԭʤȯգ˭֪ڽҪͷȴóһźɫӶըˣûͻȻʧʵǰ
ôܣôͻȻʧأ
ǣǺɫʲôôܽʸֶըأ
С۾㲻ڴţǰɣ
˶Ϊǵ֪ûʲôը˵ʣοͻƾʧ


074 δ
ǾȻңС۾ˣԭֻʣһ۾ͻȻĵþһţۣŭ˵֪ʲô½ǲ֪ĶˣըʵĶϣôʵʸ㲻ʲôֻССưԶѣ
УʲǸȵĶѣ˵Ʒ಻ʤΪصľЩʦʯڵϿϸַģһֲֿ󷨣˭ȥ˭ЩֱӶԷڹ
ݴԣʱӳĺпܾǴ˵еͻȻʧҲʹõ
ʲô٣ôôǿ󣿡ȫ
С۾ϰ죬һЦݣԭͲС۾еһ𣬶һڴؿɵϰûģʱ˴ŭ
˵˵ٲ˵ҵľǮ͵
ԣٲ˵ǿģûʲôǮ
һС۾ʱɫһ䣬һص˵Ȼ죬ܵˣܹ뵽ģ
ܰ˻ЩţС۾Цʸֶըˣ˶ƾʧʲôġ
һһŷʱһٴʵʳǵķʲôϵأ
˴һۣС۾ŵҳȻʣܵʳȥˣü嶼ɱˣˣǻܱߵ⼸ǶˣֻϢǲԷϢ˳ǡ
ʱһʮҲ˵ɱȫǼ֮ڹʤ۹Ĵ֮е٣Բ⵽֮˵꣬㿴С۾ƺ֤ʵһ㡣
Ҳԣ˵˶ǳЩٵļȥļ壬ȫǱ۵ģҹưЩ˵ٵļ嶼żءС۾Ц˵ڵ۹͸嶼˭ҪɱˣԵõһٿʯһмʯ
ֻ֪ϢҲпԵõһңƽԷΪ壬߻ԵõһʯϢ͸Ͻ챨ɣǷһһͷһ˵ǲʤҲҪȥ˵ˣʱǽٻҲóƴˡ
ҾҵõĿɿϢҳʱѾˣʳִָսһǿ֮ĩҪǸˣʵɶӲ˭˭ͷˡ
⣬˵ޱȵĻý䣬ЩĲƸϣ룬ô۵ĲƸǸöٰټǵǹףЩֲطս󷨣˭õʮ꣬ضΪ߳½˻ˡ
ȷʵĶ˭ˣɾͷˡ
ЩƲʮҲⰡ
ЩƲʲôãЩսõģʵʲôûа
ǵǣսãҸϲ󷨣룬ǿˣҲһ󷨣ɽסʱôʰ˵㰡
һ˫۷ų̹⣬һͷͷһ㣬޲ھͽǸץ
žžž
ЦСƹݣʱԱŵҲվƣһ𣬶ʱõЦȻֹӶĿת˹
˭ֵԴҰС۾ƺ˸ղŵĹע˷ܵóͷŵĶŭ
ղ˵ôɣЩȫ˵˳ϢѵҲøôЦ˫۾һ㣬ضС۾
컰дŵʤٿһһߣ˶ʧɫȫһץŵȥһֱ˵ǽǴ޿ˣͣ
Ҫ֪ǸղĶǽ˵£˺ö˶˵ȥ鷳ǲʲôǿЩɱĺݽɫ
С۾ȴͫһϱһǿϢսɻΣ˫һţ֮Ŵɱȥ
ǰǵٶȲԶˡֻŵİӰһһվſڣһȭС۾ȥ
ǰСŰȭͷʧɫϧղų̫죬ͣ£ֱֻһӣһȭŰȭͷ˹ȥ


075 С۾
䡭
ȭȭС۾ֻһֱ۹ͷѶΪأⶼڰǿµ֮»ΪƬƬѪ⡣
Ҳһ󴸻УɳһֱɵǽϣǽϵڵϣﲻϵѪ
һĨЦǰС۾ǰһ·ӶʧԱ߶
ûӶһסС۾ǾѪ죬һ󣬲ûзֶҩ֮ĶŷſЦݣΪʲôӶɢЩϢ
û뵽ôùѡΪƫƧ֮ȻǡС۾̾Ϣһϵɫȴ쳣ļᶨɱҰɣ㲻ʳʲôġ
ôЦһһ̽С۾ĴȣһΣѪȪһͬʱС۾ëȻҽС
˵ǲ˵
С۾û˵ֱӱ˫ۣ﷢ĲҽҲͣˣǲͲҰ׵ɫԿʱܵʹжôľ޴
˵ǰɡ𽣣ϴֽС۾ļָ飬ΧӶֶθŵý䵽˵ϣС۾ȫھҵĲһ仰˵
ܺãܺãȻ̡ЦһתžƹݺĳȥƬֻ֮žƹװεĹ˳
ϣ㻹̵ס¶һĨɭȻЦݣץαС۾˿ȥ

ԾĵĲҽС۾﷢֣ͬʱȫҵĲΪʹһСϺס
ڿ˵˰ɣһЦؿС۾һϸص볢һ£ҲģЩЩȣֻһЩСѣ滹д͵ţðǯӽָεǽЩαˮƨȥٻ߽ڵϣȻһ̧ʱϥǻܲ˶ϵ
һ˵һ߱ȻӶؼһȫϾǿ־壬Ŀħһ㡣
ǣЩҲɫס
Ҫ˵ˣ˵˵ʲô㡣С۾Ҳܲסʱ˿ʳεĴ̼֮ҲľȻȫҽͣ
ңݣΪʲô֪ô飿㽫ЩϢɢĿĺεأɫһ࣬ʵ
ǹֵ۹ĽСӳֵ̫ӪЩٶļﰲȫʹǸȫӦǰߵĴսһЩٸǳҪؼҿõôԪ˧ҶʤȫĹ
֪󣬺Ƿŭɳʶǽ׷ɱϧǸղǵ٣ÿεǸϵʱǶȥѣֻӶᷢ׽ǣӶϢҪǣҲҪٵʱ䣬ڸ͵Ȳˡ
Ա±ڸɢϢΪľ˶ǵ٣ֻҪҵǵ٣ʸָɱ
ԣüͷһ壬ʵΪʲôַʳǵȼǳأ˳
ΪʱǳɱǼ֮ʱܶ˶ֱҪǷ˵ļԱǰߵľǷģԾͲó˳һǳǵʵᱻ֪
ԭ˵ͷһĨЦһתһȲС۾ĲϣֻһС۾ԴһᣬûϢ
С۾һŤͷһЦؿžƹˣһĿȷ˶ɫ˲òҰףȫǸоǿħһ㡣
㡭㡭һ߸Ķ죬֧˰죬ǿ˵ŹǰɣʲôûԲ˵ȥ
Ѿңô˵ûпأϵЦݸŨŵӶǸεѣϾǾ֮ɫЩ˶վˡ
ЩӶ˵ҲǵѪˣ϶һǸẦղƹֶ̫̣ǼᶨҲܲˡ
ЩӶΪԼʱԻýóһǮǰŻһӲӵĽһء
мĺҪȥ֮󲻵ԵõôЩҲǣǿԸ
һصĽңеӶ˫۷Ź⣬֮ǰĿֲһѾɢ췢ӸǼɴǰһʲô˵ɣӶǰ˰µġ
ԣʲôֻ˵һá



076 
ӶȫȿֺļһЩ˵֮ʱĿ⻹ضڽ֮ϣԼˣϵĽҾûԼһݣĿֲֶΣûڣȻӶǶļ٣ȴû˸ȥ
ܺáصͷңĳǳر濴ҵ飬˵ԽϸԽãɱһСӳһҲ˵ǴȥôҪϢһܹõ͡
һ٣ȫɫ䣬Ϊ̽ǣһҡͷ˵ҡ
ɫһȻǸղ˵ʲôôҪڣ
⡭ɫѿ˭֪ôӦǲӦʱֵǷģǸɵ飬Բǰֵ鷳ֻǡ
ðɣȻô˵ҾͰ˵ھȥǣǡһ֣һӶվĻһڣӶһǵؿֿ죬뿴ǷὫɱ
صͷʮңˡ
лӶһϲʮңһת˾ƹݣֱӰȫʧ춼ûʣµӶжʱûȣһȫԸȥĳǳرţҲһһͷÿʮ뿪
ȫ뿪ˣƹֻ֮ʣԼƹϰ壬һŵöڹ̨ɪɪСͷֻ֮ʣµϵļҺǾʬ塣
鷳ʬ崦ϵĽǸĹǮ˵һת뿪Сƹݡ
ǣһ㲻öĳǳأҲͶʮ򣬳˳֮⣬Ĵ壬бһӵھϵжӳ
ӴרϮھӵٵļ̻̲֮գͬʱҲв嶼ϽתƼ֮еĲƲͬʱ֮еĴ󲿷˶صʱ뿪쵽꼰㡣
ϾǿҲֻһĳһʸ֣ǸͲǶ֡
壬鶼źôУһеȣüͷ壬Ͼɫһ뷢԰׵Сͷʵ
شˣ˺үԼ˶Ѿȫ뿪Сͷ˵ţüͷһ壬ԥµүõôôֵ۹ôܵĻǳ֮СǾֻһھ֮ежӳҲûҪΪôһжӳܵɣ
б޻ǺõġӵԷһʸ֣һˣʱ˵ʲôˣҾղ˵ֵ۹ô˭֪˵͵Ǿǡ
˵ţһҴҶˣһȺӶ˵ڶʮ֮СϿ۹ͨˣǻھƹ֮ɱһ۹Сӳ
ʲôವһ¾λվɫҲһӱòҰסϢɿ
شˣҵжϣŰ˳ġᶨػشЩӶĵӣҲŪǡ
壬Ͻмˣص뿪Ҳһ뿪һĨţܹ黹һ֮Ҳ֮ˣȻţ㻹û˷硣
Ŀһתٶ۹رճȫǽϣϢļ֪
ǡתȥ
ȥСͷˣȥ
ҵǰȥ̽һȵ۹ĸֵһ֪ʱ鷳ʹˡᶨص壬Ͻ߰ɣ뿪ȱܹһٻ
ˣô죿СͷԷʸ֣ͲܹԸġ
ұһ֮ҲҪӣȫ嶼ñۡӵѷϢĴ廹֪ˣڣǶܹǣסһ۹ĸüʱδؾͻ¡
ȻСͷԸһջӵҪ֮뿪ˣͳϢ֮󣬽һʱڸһǳصֵ۹ʱյϢѸٵǶ
Ǵﵽ֮ʱѾ˰֮⡣
ӣҪҪԶһ㣬ֻа׾ͻ׷ǵġһЦ⿴졣
ԭƺˣЩӶȥ棬ΪľֵĸǰǣԳûȫ뿪
ϾȻֲ٣ȴһûУǲ׷ǵģϾʵǰٶҲûãȵЩʸָ뿪ˡ
ʱʸֿ϶ľô뿪ϾòײŵõһϢǿ϶ΧѰңʱ뿪ޱȵİȫ


077 ȫɱ
׷ôֲ֪ƾʲôҵǣһЦݵͼϵļأһճǣȻֻһʮ˵СǣҲȥûǵĿ꣬Ǿ͸һƱߣûУǾͲý֦Ŀꡣ
Сͷװһ컭װʮ꣬Ҳһͷϣһͷ̫ۡ
һƬС֮УһȺĮüһƣ֮еس˱ɱϢԱߣһѪҵͷȫסӱǰ֫һͷ㶪Աһ
ιˮԺٻȫˡһͷſ鵶̵ӶԱһ۳˵
ǡ۲ҵϽóˮߵǱŵԣһס죬ȡһƲȻǴ³Ľˮǿ
ˮ֮ʱԭͷҲ䵽һԣ¶ǲҰ׵ɫ滹һ̣ȴǳϤһܹϳ˱ȹĶȫ
ȿȡȫǺֱȣԵú۸ûᣬЦ㲻Ǻһ·϶ŷȥûƬ̵İھͳȫ㡣˵Żˮø죬õöȫȵԽز
ԭ˵Ķȫץס֪֮Լ״޴鷳ͬʱΪԼݵĹϵҲʤʿܴ
ͬʱΪңǾԵĳ裬ڶԭ֮£ȫľҲܱǴعֵ۹
ʼĺüɹЩҲӦʱ϶Ųٵĸ߼ҩľȻ
ҲΪԭȻֵĺһ·Ϊ˾͵ĸ·̫ܲˣʮ죬ŵ
Ϊ˷ֹȫɱǸǽȫҲɿ춼Ʋֹҧ࣬ɼȫȻܾκʳ
Ϊ˱סһ·ϣ˳˶ڸõҩǿһЩѪ
Ϊ׺ϵĵҲֹȫɱ֮ʱ˵ġ
ΪˣȺ˶νǺ֮ǣΪʤԪ˧ĶӣΪֻҪץȥǱ´󹦣ΪһȵĹ壬аҲȺ˸ùͷʣˡ
ˡһȣɫ΢΢һ䣬Ͻˮĥȫ
һۣû˵ʲôóһŵͼһۣ˵ǹֵĵ̣ٳʲôˣڶʮһճǣɽһ£ҲúúϢһ¡
ԣ˴ϲ׷ճǵķȥ
Уⲻţһ·ϣ춼һЩϵ飬Ҳ˽ֻҪԼ֪ģȫһԵĸ졣
ϣ֪пأͻȻʵϡпأ
˼һ£ҡͷЦЩһֱҳУ治֪ϡпء
Ȼ֪Щʧ
磬𼱣û£ǿҡСο𣬲֮ȻЩ
ڼҲûáЦҡҡͷСģܿġ˵䣬Ѿ˼ǲӦɺæ
룬ҡͷˣС趼ޱϡпʯƼΪĴ֮һ鲼ʤϡпʯǿ϶֪
Ҳһ֪ЩĿʯȾԼռˣôܸ߱ˡ
ͻȻ֮䣬оһ뵽֮ǰļҴ壬İʱЩɳĿʯݣӦһϡʯһпһ
뿪֮ǵȥһļҴС֮ʱ޵Ϣʶ֪֮¡
ˡһݣ쵱ͣ£ʱҲͣŤͷ٣ʮˣˣǿĶ϶ɢŨɱ⣬ҹƲǾǿһ߲ôǿɱ⡣
ţһ΢ϢҸоЩϤһʱ벻üͷڵʶѾﵽһۣ⻹ҪǿоˣȻҲоˡ
ҲоˣӦ˺صˡɫصصڷֻвȺǾ֮ˣ˺пǴʤץģǷ˶һֱţ˵ݾԲ͡
˼£һĨɱ˭֣ȫɱ⡣


078 ܾ
š˵ͷûзϻӰһΪ⣬Ⱥ˳˹ȥ
ڰУЩɢŨɱԿϵ˱ض٣ǾˣǵˣȻɱǿǾ͸ɱˡ
磬ƬǶӺ˱ǵУǰĵһϺһһм䣬̧ŶȫԱ߻һһ
Ȼ֮ߣ˵ļʺСȴûһɾ裬һȫϸشܣעΧÿһ졣
ݡ
һӰ羢磬Զû˷ӦѵǰĵǰţһĽã磬ȫϢŵ̱˹ȥ
áɫ䣬ҪӽȴһɿֲѹȻϣõɽѹһӱԭֻؿǽãԽԽԼĲӴһսξ͸ֽһգ۱ơ
Ҫɱֱ̫ˣǿϢѹûʲôֶΣֵסɱҲ֮е顣
ڰ򵶰ͬʱҲ磬ںǵǰһӡ
ݡ
ãһһûзӦ񵱳Դ
Ҫӽһȥ֮ʱڶȫԵһҲӦһŭ綾ţ˹
֣ȥ
ƾ㣿첻мЦһһԳȥ
һǿֲٶ֮£ͷ֮϶γһԲεƿõͷƤһ顣
䡭
ԣݺݵĺһ𣬴һֲǾ޴ĳͬʱõһһ̣ͬʱһ
ɱһվȣͬʱһȣٴλӽԷ
ߵвϷŴ󣬵Ϣ̵ǵ˫۶ۣȴ˭ûнĿתΪжףʱǲһֻҪɥ
ۿҪٴλһ𣬿˭û˺󣬾ߵĽ幫ʱͬʱһӣ໥һ
һָķǶԷĲӣûκεĽҿԣֻҪУԵߵĳǳĿ죬κһджԷĲӣôһ̣ĲҲᱻԷƣû˿Ŀܡ
Ȼ֪ܾ˵һ߾ɱ֮һ㣬˭Ҳû˻ʱҲɲ˻˭ȥǶԷɳ֮ʱڡ
Ҫ֮ʱһ汳
ȥ
һȻı𣬽ţһĽãĺ󱳱˹˾ޱõɫ䣬ϧһжˡ
鼱֮£ͻȻһһֱ֮һʱһֻҵǰȥ
䡭һǾ޴ǰ˹ȥǰһȴֵĲǰۿҪ̽Ĳӡ
ꡭ
ǧ֮ʣһǰһݺݵĺǻս֮ϣõûһϣһֻ̣һ죬λΪƬƬƬʧݺݵһĲӡ
ȫһһͻȻһ٣Ȼһʶʧ֮ǰϾȻ¶ѪЦ˹
Ľãǰһͫһһӣѵʺץ˹ȥ
ۡ
ֻһۣһ̣ѱץУͬʱΪϮǰҲȻͣ
ȻʱǴһԼȻûд̽һ£ٴλ˹
ʱھӵһ֮Ѫƶˣŵ־򱳺Ϯȥ
ķӦõҲǴ󾪣ۿֱϮԼĲӣȻһҲĲӣͬʱеҲؽĲӡ
˫һܾ˵Ľ֡
ܾȴ֮ǰǸ֮ͬǰ˶ûбõʱ䣬ǱƵģı仹ü
ûκεĳɣһӣԱһܹһվ׼»ӽϮ֮ʱͻȻһͳţһԻذϮ˹


079 ø
á
ʧɫҪԱ߶ϧӰնһѵǰ
䡭
жûüһһȻը죬ΪѪ⣬ըĿ籩һ㣬ϯȥΧЩȫɳȥ˵ѪһЩʵǿһģڵϰϣҲ
Ӱһǰصӣû°ɣ
ղŵǿģֻ˻һЩ룬Ԯ
û¡쵭ȻһЦǻҪҵ˵䣬ֳ˳ȥãЩ˵Ƭ̱㾡ϡ
ӺˣϣڰϣЩ˱ȭನ˱ɱ֮⣬ǰҲƬ̣Ƭ̵ʱȴôգᵽʵҪԡ
ǰ飬ʵڵʮ֮ǿټ׵ķֻҪʸ֣塣
֮ڵӡԾĵʵ󽵣ǰķٲգǰܹɱܸΣգǸһΡ
ǵԼʵУһнõʵõġҡҡͷ֮̾ʣߵǱȭιȥĶȫǰһ£ֻʵӣô죿ûأ
ʲôˣܿô컺ҡҡͷȫˣǰûмݡ
ŶǾͰһ¡ߵ˰ĶȫǰĻû˵꣬Ϥףסˡȫô
˲䣬ϽǰﶫȫһˣϵҲǳأҸղŰȭನϼˣٲʱƣһʱ͵һں
ϽԻýóһƿҩҲûǼΪƷҩýҲûж٣㵹һιȫ
ҩڼΪ붫ȫ֮УƬ֮󣬶ȫ˰һ˿
һóҩ飬˰ﶫȫϵ˿
ò˵ȫ󣬴ʱȫ¼ûһõĵطǸһˣǽһԴǱˡ
ȻڻܻţȺһֱιҩҲźܴĹϵ֮⣬һ·ΪܾʳΪ˲ÿ춼ЩѪǿȥ
Ҫ֪Ѫһеľڣ̺Ŵȫ֮󣬶Ȼż洦
æ˰ʱֱȫǸһľ¡
ԭǴ㵽ճȥģ˶ȫƿȻȥˣѣֻ˸ɽݽͣµȶȫ
ת۰ȥڵһһ˰ĶȫָͻȻһ£һ仯Աߵ˷֣ۣĿͶ򶫷ȫ
Ƭ֮󣬶ȫǽյ˫ڻõһϲҪڽ֮ʣⷢˡ
ֻȫͷͻȻ⣬͵ؾҪҧȥ
仯ⶼһ£ţ쾪еֹ
ǿȫһ¿ɲǿЦʹȫҧͷǱ˵һ㣬ֻҪҧȥŵҩסԺҲ˵ˡ
ٶȺܿ죬ñ绹Ҫ켸֣ʱ˿̣Ľʵٶȱֵ쾡¡
ֱֻһûô֣һ̣ס˶ȫ죬õöȫҲҧȥ
ŶȫͷѪднңҪǰһ㣬ȫˡ
ЩҲǵóѵġȫŭ˫ָŰץȥ
˵ӳŲһ£ôøˣһϷؿŶȫȫһ㶣Ŀת죬Ϥӣȫסˣһһãؿûΰɣ
ôЦʵʱҲָɿˡ
ȫ£ü˵ǲ֪ʹģܸеҵͷʹӦòΰɣ
֪ͺáһƨڶȫԱߣʵô³Ūһˣǳ˷²㶫ƹܵ۹ϰֻ꣬սĶˣû˵з²Ķˡ


080 ԭ
ԣȫɫһӱ粻ŨصɱһһͻȻʵ͵͵ôǲԽԪ˧ϵģ
ƨһ£оŭڶ㵱źƱܼԪ˧´󹦣һΪ棬ܵǣԷ˵ûգֻһӳҡ
ˣûõȻ⵽پʿ׷ɱҪǱүͷӶʣˣ˵㰡Һľ㣬㲻лҲˣȻң㶼ʲôģ
һȫɫԽϸǱһɱ⣬һųʵܽʱθô
ûʲôԵģһһأһ㽫ʱȫ˵һ飬û˵꣬ȫ˫ֽգһͷ˵Ұһͳսû뵽ôĵӣȻҴȡ˾ǰΪҺ񱾷ݣû뵽ȻҰģܻȥƱؽʬ
ɫһ䣬ȫǾˣνɱ飬ϵɱͺأʱһŭǹɳɱõԱߵ춼ȫһ䣬оԼһӵһ㡣
ˣ˵ЩϻһжȻȥ˵ɡʵЩܲ˶ȫŨصɱüͷһ壬һת㲻ôôȺ˸ץסˣһ֮صˣ
һжǰսͣߺ죬ҸоϵѾ˺ܶ࣬ǰս½׼뿪壬ʱսµһжӳȫҧгݵĽΧɱ˵һ顣
ЩĴץסҵЩֽ˵ӳһѻңʲôûˣҺǣΪңҲܴ˺¶ȫѪˣ˵Ҳ
ȫһ˵ԭ򣬶ĻҲеŭ˫һ˲ͨ죬ͷǸֱ
ԭһƽСɽ壬Ȼ񶼲ǺܸУǺܴӣԼȫ͵ǴҲ˺
뵽ľõӸһ㣬ȫ˫ȭգҰһսҲţҾͶԲд񡣡
ˣҲٷŭˣЩȻȥȻΪֻһԱߵİ⼰ʱȰ˵ҪǾöӳȻһĶԲߡ
֮ǰǴȥϮЩٵļ壬˶ȫһо͵øıˣϾȫݲһһʲô£޴
۳ĬƬ̣붫ȫŽеŭǿѹ£˶û˵⿴˲˵Ҳûٿڣʹɽ֮еһӱüѹ֡
һȫ̧ͷһͰ⣬ĿͶǰ֮ǰʲô㣬ôֵ۹ܸ˵˵ô
ԭڶȫУһǿʣһȻһжΪʶĽĿת⡣
ںڷս֮ͳظ򶫷Ԫ˧ȥˣʣµΪԻȥ㽫佻ǹӡ⽫ڷ´ս֮ȫ˵һ飬öȫ˫۷Ź⣬һļ
ãǺð취취̫ˣǿھٵĴ죬һ⣬ʿҲӲȫսںϮ־ٵļ壬ضΪİΣģʱӰǰߵս¡ȫһؿû뵽Сӻôִİ취
ԣüͷһ壬򶫷ȫû˵ȫֹһЦְ취ϲ߹Ҳȵľ˭ĹƸ࣬ںҲֻʤȻְ취Ʋ󣬵սȥǧǧľʿȣʲô
ӳȻ봫һںֻ̣ںʤһЦ˵ҲΪսöԪ˧Ϊϲ˵㲻ʤ磬Щսȴһֱֻһӳ
뷨ЩŰ壬ҪȻʤʹ򵽹ֹȥˣĻݵ񡣡ȫ˰֣Щεصˣ˵ͷˡ
˵ţȫüͷһ壬ͷĬˣͺʲô飬쿴ӣҲûдţƬ֮ͻȻ͵̧ͷصڱЩֽץʱǵ̸һϢһӰսֵϢ
üͷһ壬ȫ˵ЦҲɫصĿ
һ£ȫʵǿ֪ⳡսʤΪʲô˵ıô


081 С
룬˵Ϊһսֵ۹׼ʮ꣬ҴսУǸΥ½Ĺʸּ֮Уʤһֲܱߵķ衢Ϻڱ߽ǣǲٵľ
ȫû˵ǽĿת죬˼£˵еһֱ֣ܱ߼ʤһֱڵжԹϵ˵׼ʮ꣬˳ʱ䣬ʤһϢûյҹп϶ԭ򡣡
ֵ˵òȫͷ뼸һֱϣôܲעǵһһȻʮһֱúأںܶǰ֪Ҳڿʼ׼ΪǸʱмʸµľǹɸ͵Ϯ
ֻһǰǱʤļϸֵǿߣС֮ʱץˣΪ˵۹ɳʸ׷ǱǽСˡ
Ϊ˱´ŭϧһд۽СȻأԭפڸʸҲ뿪ǰȥԮС
ֻǲֵ֪۹˽СöûҵС䣬ֻͷӾԮϣþӵ̽СϢҾǱͷȥ̽Сģڴз飬ֻǸģҲ˵һڡ
һɫ͵Ĵ䣬üͷԽԽҲɻ֮ɫһʵմ½ŮԵĵλСץҲᶯɣҾŮ֮ˣҲӦôΪһСɳʸ֣ǵĸֶˣ
ûȶȫ˵͵ݴСݺܲһ㣬˵ǱĳСֻʵ̫ͣŮӼ忴ǿнǸɢˣСǱС㱳żµŮ˵ţ㽫Ŀת˶ȫ
ͷȫǵ۹ܣֻĴļ֪ϸҲ̫Ҽͷ˵СΣգƴҲҪȣҵʱأҹӦġ
СĳֺͻȻµϻλշĴ壬Ȼٽпλ˶Ϊ»չȴʱȴͻȻչ½Ĵ崦
һչر꣬ٳʱ߱һСʱ˲֪ԭ겢ûбչأˡ
֮󣬵۹һСҺܵñµĳ谮ǵ̫Ҳûó裬֮ǰ̫ΪһС㱻¸̫֮λʹڸû˸ҶС̫ӼҲеسһá
˵䲻ĻС뵱ʵۣ±¶ԥĴӦСĸҲδֹҲδ˵Сĸ˭
ѹС°»ɳôĸȣλСȷʵ⡣ͷô֪СĸĳСأ
ҲǴӱ¶Сĳ谮зġȫһ£Ҫǻʹ̱µ˾ڰҹһŮӵ֣˵ƾʲôңҲһı£ƹˡ
ΣΪС°˱µģĸ˳ȥʹúڷ޸մܣСڶԷϣ˺Сҵֵ̫ܹСȳûСв£ټǵľΪģǴһضܹΪʤ
üͷһ壬ʵ֪СŹַôľץߵĸһ١
Щ̸ֽʱ˵СڱǴӦУĻ϶ʸ֡ȫ˵꣬ĿתĿ죬Ĵ𸴡
Ӹղŵ˵УȫӰһһӵѾȻʵȰϺܶ࣬УܹĲǰλʣߡ
Ͼô쿴⡣
һжɹ˵㡣ǺһЦȫа̾Ȼ֪Сôô̵ʱｫһʸָշģ̫˼ˡ
ͬʱҲԽĺ档
˳谮СȻɸǵȥС˹ҵҺܲ޳ɣΪһףǺϸġǿ׵ķϣΪ˹ңҾǶӦǰȥС
Ƕӳô죿⿴򶫷ȫϵ˺أһʱòˡ


082 Ͽ
û쿪ڣȫͺ첻ȥƵģӦŽǧȫ̸·ҲҪʱ䣬ɫҲˣʺϸ·Ϣһһ·٣ֵܵĵҩŵҵ˱ò٣ᵢг̡
Ҹ·죬Ҳָ٣ȵӦҵٿԺô롣˵꣬˫ֱؿ죬ĿһŮڰһ㣬ȫë
ȥԣҪҩŶûСĲ֪ȫ˼Ҫ֪ȫԭϻЩҩģڱֽץס֮ЩҩˣΪ˸ȫøˡ
ˣ뾡ָͱĵҩ
ֵܣѵĿŴģȫץס·صϵ˲ãȵӦǣҲﲻǣΪǵۡ
룬öȫ˵ϾȫҲһսԻý֮óһƿƷҩƿװϣݸȫ
ֵܣãԺҵĴ硣ȫ˷ܵĽƿŽУһЦؿ졣
ȫͻȻһƵģõֱüһʱӦԱߵİվ͵Ц
ֱ֮ʰⶫȫôݰ˵ȫӱƽʱһ˵һ㣬õöԪ˧ͷۣ˵˶ҵΪ˶ɶȫǸĲˡ
ڶԴλƹŵ۹оӵĴԪ˧Уȫǲӣ¶ȫھɶԴɾѹŲ١
ԭܼ򵥣ȫЩʹõֶβɣȥʤ
ԭ컹ΪȫΪֶΣԲʹöԴ˵ʧɴӰĿе֪ʵȫֶҲ㲻ʲôаֻЩˡ
ǰʤͻʤһӱΧһɽȣɽиûʳ־Ҳ֪һӽȿڶסǲҪʤ
ʱǸɲԮǣΪǹֵĵؽ磬ʤĴһʱҲȥûа취ԴɱöȫһСӵȥԮ
ʵӶԴһٶѾҲϣȫĹܹȳһӵľʿϾǿǧأǱˣǸܵİ쵽飬ȫȴ쵽ˣһӵľʿ˳һ׷ɱӵľʿɱԷǧˡ
ôģʵ
˵ǸɽǰһСӣҲǹִΨһˮԴ֮أʱҲ֪ȫҵϡݣȫСӵĹ־ʿ˽ݹϡݵˮ֮ȫʼӣһ֮ӪضѬ죬оʿɫףȫ
ʱȫһپʿɱȥ־ʿһˣ˼ʵǿľûܵʲôӰ֮⣬ûˣ͵סȫһˣʤʿĳɱ֪ԼˣҲ
һս־ʿɾʤ׷һٶУܶ־ʿ˿ǱӻǴӪȴǧڶȫǵ׷ɱ֮Уʤһֻмʮˣԭһ󹦣ϾȳһӵľʿɱԷһӳõöԷʿ𡣡
ɵԴ֪ȫʹõİ취Ȼ˵Ķ֮ھӪд˵ȫʤչˣûнҲ˵󣬰ⶼ̲סЦ
ꡭҲûסЦϡȻ֪һ΢ҰݣˮֻҪ˭֤֮ӣ޶Զĵֿ֮⣬ȶ˻ΪӶ
˺ݹϡݵˮһӣһʲô𺷳档
˵Ȼȫʹֶջʤ˵ȥչϲ̨棬ҶڶԴɵΪˣ֮ǰҲ˽һЩһǳֱ֮ˣһ˶ԾҪĽԷܣķڷ
ھӼʮָ꣬ӵĴս潫˻ܣûʹùֶΣ͵Ϯֶζá
öϮ־ټ˵ڶԴɵУҲ벻ŵ֪Ϊֱ֮ӽ붫ȫһˡ
𿴶ȫͳ죬ͨʿͨƽֵ֮ܣҲ˶ʸֵܵġЦˣΪˣĴ治¾ǵ۹Ļӣֵܣ֮УҲûһˡ
ղԹ˵Ժ⻰֤ѾõϿɡ


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ŤͷһɽϢĶȫϸһĨЦ⣺ϿңһûϿأ
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Ӧǣشֵ۹Ϸֵ۶ֻİƽʱס˿ڴﵽʮÿյ˵Ŀ̸Ǵ쳣ķǹֵ۹˵۶Ĵ֮⣬ǳ֮һ
һƵ֮УһүһһȻǰϰ˿ɿڵʳ˸ûгԣֻżһڱеϡ
ӣ˵Ӧôô֣һǳأȻֻгһЩϲ̨̫ˡͷԱߵ꣬һɻ˵ôһǳأһСҲʵ൱
⵹Ҳ֡ȫһϣϴЦݵҸղŴˣպӣ͹ֻһգ˵ǹֻһϵģ˵ҲǹֻҵлΪܣȥҲǺ顣
ͷȻǹֻϵļ壬СҲ˵ùȥҸղڳתһȦܵɺޣǳǿϢҵжϣӦʸֺԼµӦóʮˡ
ҵ죬ôôǿ󣿡ȫ㾪ûйУǿʣֱǶǺһǡ
ʣȫֱ̿ˮжǿЩڵĶԴ˵ȻֻһһʣȫԻᱻɱ˵ˡ
Ӳƴ϶ǲеġɫصصȻҲʣǣʻǿԣԱߣʮУҾͻᱻǻɱ
ȻӲƴǾ͵취ˡȫ»»һתҪŪйҩǳԵʳ֮аɣǰҾ취Ĺ־ӡ
ǿʸ֣ʲôйҩܹУ췭˷۵˵ǻŪ㶾ҩȫˣ
ʵ취Ҳȫ˫һ֮һε̾ϢϧֻŪйҩŪҩ
ԣͷѾð亹öһЦѣû뵽ȫȻ뷨
˼ͻȻվ߰ɣа취Ըʡ
һʶֶΣҲûʲôȫȴޱȣһܵǰץס˵ֵܣǿʣʲô취ܹԸˣɵȸҲУҪǳʲô£˵Сɾˡ
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˰ɣ㻹˴˵ɡûĶŶȫ˵һҲٹȥ
СӣȻɱүȫŭ׷ȥ
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һͣӦ̻ᣬҲǹֵ۹̻DD̻ǰ档
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漴ִһӣŶʮöɫͬڵÿһɢϢȷʵȫҪġ
Ӹϣ쿴ŮЩȫҪˣ֪Ҫٶң
ȫҪŮǴͫ죬ϵı黹ΪԼˡ
ûȷʵҪȫͷ
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Ůӹһ£ʮ𿨣һ𿨣ʮûʮ򣬲֪ӻʲôҪģ˵꣬һڴؿ졣
ҪˡЦЦתȥ
ȻĻشŮʧһ뵽֮ǰ֧ĿʮңľֱͅϽıӰ͹ӣԺʲôҪֻңҽ̡
ҲѹŮ˵ڣҪ֪ЩԱӪҵãȻ̻ⲻķԱ٣ֵԵͷҲͲǺܶˣƽʱҲǺܶࡣ
ɽһӱʮҵĶһۣǵɣ൱ƽʱһġ
ȥһ·϶ȫ򺬶ڵǳĺ棬ϵЩʲôҪ֪ʦ֮⣬Щڵûá
ôʣǲ˵ʰ⣬ҲһصĲ˵úĶȫ͸èץһܡ
صƵ꣬㽫Լڷ֮УԭȫȥҪʲôûȥ㷴ֽŸˡ
תһȥۿһֱûгҷҲûκεȫо͸Ǻ棬Űϣ˵ǼһڸʲôɹɣҪϽȥ
˫΢յİۿ˶ȫһۣ¶һĨЦ⣬õöȫɫһ조ϣɱᣬʵǿ鲼ʤֻҪһڣСӿ϶͹ԹԵĽŴˡ
ӣͱٺˣȹŪһУȻġҡҡͷ½۾ϣȴûǱĿû취һ֮󣬶ȫĴʸͣõ޷
ϣ⻰ɾ˵òˣô˵Ҳֵܣһ뷨ԸʣȴţôȥȫһȻ˵һֱסҳǣǲԶƽʱҲвٵľʿȥԶȫӱȽ˽⣬ƾѻ˵ˣҲۡ
ðɣȻ㶼Ҳˣã˭ŵġȫҡҡͷ񶷰ܵĹһط¡
ȻûۣǽյķȻ򿪣õһϲһԾ𣬾һֻãǰֵܣ뵽ʲô취ˣ
˵ţȫɫ΢΢һ䣬ôоƣͣʲôˣ˵⻰ʱûиղŵȡ֮һĨء
صģû¡ЦҡҡͷʱҲ˹ʵӣҪҪϢһ
ãʱһãԽ׳ֱʡԻý֮нղڵóʱԭӦóڵȴҲвһұѾķģԭöڵֻʣöʮö弶ڵҲֻʣһ롣
ǡеڵǸֵķģȫɫ΢΢һ䣬Ƿģ
£һ𾪵ؿ죬˼ʡЩƵģ
ЩȷʵҿƵģҲֻܿ⼸֡ЦЦ߰ɣȥ⡣
ȫһɵӰ󣬴ʱ쵽ʲôͷһʦȻշһʸ֣񣬿ȻܿһʦҪ֪󷨿ʤ۹ûһĴڡ
ǰ׶ȫʱݣҲûֱ˳ǣѡһȽεĵطɶȫɵվ飬æµĲ
ؼֱǿͲ󷨣пȲҪһЩϾһƣȴҪһǳɡ
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ͬʱʶҲΪһ籩˲佫֣ڷķΧ֮ڣռ䶼Ϊǿʶˮһϡ
⡭ĶȫͻȻеǰһֲѹһݣŤͷȥÿʶǰһƬռ䶼˲ˡ
ȫĺһоǾҵ찡һﲻֻʦôôôǿʶ֮ǼͷҲȲϰ
ӣǻ˿һЩɣȻڶȫĶõöȫعʱսֲʶĴ߶֮£ǰȹ滮õһϵĿѾԭĲ˱ŤȫɣԼʱ߹ȥ϶һ㷴֮ûУᱻɱ
֪ǰΣգҲ񵽣õ󷨻δɹôֲ䲼߿϶Ҳɣһܵʧܣʲô޷Ԥϡ
û˿ԥһֱ˵֮ͣ£ƬԽŤֲ֮Ҳڴ󺰽ңȿֲĴҺʤҪǳڹֵȹʤеͷ۵ˡ
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ռ֮ͻȻһƬ֮ŤĿͻȻţ˲γһµͼͼγɵһ˲䣬һɿֲĿϢ𣬽ǸܵǹϢõöȫͰˡ
ͼһγɣǰڷʮöĵطȻһԱһǿľ⣬ͼϵʮһ
񡭡
ͼĹâһ˲䣬һ籩һ֮лݣľȫݻ٣ʮöҲȻͼеʮͷţͼٴαһǿĹâһ̾һʯŵȥ
ͼƷǳĿֲڼʶ֮ǰĿֲϢ֮Զİ붫ȫΪλᱩǿϢӦԵ׼ȴû뵽ͼһӴ棬ʲô仯ûУһӱû˵棬ްϢͺʲôûзһ㡣
ͼһû棬ɫѲҰ׵ȫһ˫ŵȥ
ӡɫһ䣬𣬶˹ȥ
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ԣͷ亹һӾҲһƬҰףΪʱ滮֮زʮ֣ٶȣղһֲʱʬ޴ˡ
Ҫ֪ǿʮö弶ڵͬʱը൱ʮֻ弶ͬʱԱ󷨵Ĵ߶֮£ûʵܹ˿ֲһ
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˸Ͻƿ󷨣ܵǰһĵģЦЦģû£սʶ̫һָܻ
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һʱ֮󣬵ٴʱɫѾúϢҲȫȶ
ϣ¾͵鷳ȥʸֻҪһ뱬󷨱ըȻҲ֪弶ڵƵĳǷܽըըӦûġ
жڵһ󷨱ըĶҲἤըǣҲһжʱضǣסǡ
һ£ٴζ⣬һעǧ𴳽֮Уǲ˵ģ˭󷨡
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㻹˵ˡһЦŵöȫһ£ҵֵܣŶʮ֣йǾˣˣȥ
ӣҾö˵öԣǽȥ̫ΣˡҲһǵ˵ҪȻǽʸֽˣһȥɣ
ˣʱ뵽ԼʵѾûԭôǿˣھȫ߶飬Ҳֻܴﵽһ˵ԸЩḶѡ


086 
룬컹ҡͷδܽը˵ʵҲв࣬ͬʱ뱬֮У϶˻û£ը㽫˶ըˣڶʱڽǻɱܣʱһԷиĸָʱǱʧȥ˻ᡣ
Ҵݾ֪֮ҪС㲻СתƣҲɸĸǰʱƾǵлᣬ⽫Ψһһλᣬðա
ȫ죬ǿϵļᶨ֮ɫʱ֪˾ģһЦϡеʦһͨʲôҾһˡ
ģ㲻ɹҲ㡣΢΢һЦԻýóһöռŲݸȫΣ֮ʱսעУ֤ˡ
ⲻǴ˵еĿռŲɣȫһϲؽͺҪȥһ㡰ֵ۹Щ˵֮ǰ̻ռŲòóİɡ
Ȼµˣʲô쵭ȻһЦ˱ӦǶȥ
һյƽŮǸְǽѲţһжһԳ˽һЩ˱ܹоղ̫һ
ŮǲյĻЦҲûյԺʧˣһһЩɫס
ԵüΪѹ֣һִĸо
ǺԺǰŮǶҲҪѲߣŮҲ׼ȥѲҲֻܵԺſڡ
֮ǰŮ󴳽ȥͱİ˸Ӵ֮ߵﶼԶԶƿжһ㡣
һ֮УͳεƱյǰϸǰ⣬ȴûζеı飬ǿơ
һԲ۾üë絶ĿһڽеľƺȵŭصĿȥˣȾƣţ˵׼ģǵ˰
˭˵أǰ֮Ǿǵūһ㣬ҪǸʲôǾͱִУ΢һ㲻Ҳܣҳô󣬻ûôҹԱһӥǣеĵҲŭصͺš
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ȫһһĨη壬ҲҶ˵ֻƾƣҲܹСʵʵˣǶֻһЩǵƽʱҲ磬ӦҲͷ
Ⱥ˵ǰʲôǣ˼ҹǾӻ־ܽˣǸͲҷ˵Ǹûз
һ¶ǣӥĲסһ̾Ϣ治֪ʲôʱǸͷδ˵꣬˱ɫ͵һ䣬һץԱߵһֻһ㣬Ŷ
һţ̧ͷ죬һĽãϢǸеɽѹһѹϺ£һ·ΪŤ
ƿԾ֮дͷƤ顣
£ӥһȣӶ˵䵽һ̳֮˵ϡ
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ɢĿ籩ʶһ·ݵʧƤ߰ߣĩա

ĲҽԺΪģԲʮ֮ڸûһˣڸԶĵطȴŲҽЩ˴󲿷ݶǴﵽ֣ʵģֱӱ籩ˡ
ϻ쵰ŭı·ȫɢſܵ·
ôһʡеİȻ֪Էʸ֣ʵǿһʣΪԻԷǹ𾪡
Ҳ˲䣬㿴ڰռŵĴЦһôѵƾʵסҲɣ
˵䣬ֻȫսӿȻŶζĵ⣬ΧҲĵߣһ̣ЩȻһȫõ˲һ޴ĵߡ
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087 㾭°
Ű⼲ȥһͫһ׵ŭϮڸܵ׵ŭɢϢͿֲѹ֮ɫȻ䣬ӲԱ߱Ҫ
Ҫ֪ʵһʣʵæ֮¸Ͳܽ°ʵȫһ
Ȼ廹δԱߵһ׷߱ȣסڵ棬ǵ˽롣
ߵĻ˵òһȻƹ꣬ȴףԷȻӲһȴԶܣҲϮ꣬ҪϮں·ڶ֡
Ҫ֪Ŷʮ֣лкü˾ǵ˵ʵôǵĶ֡
԰Ȱǽһݣղһоһ𣬶ԱҲûŮ˵Ϣźġ
ϾǿСɱС˵Сǿɾ鷳ˡ
׷ߵĻһ㶣˲ߵ˼Ӳһ㲻Ҳðа
ںΪ֮ʣԱһͷ췢ĶͻȻܵǰȵ֡
˶ʣҲٳɣڵսӿõ̫һţγһ޴Ļ
ڻγɵһ˲䣬ΧĿȻһƬ죬Ѹգۼ䣬ͷγһƬĻơ
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һͺȣһӣһƬƾһƬƷһ·еĿΪŻ棬׳Լ
ʱԱߵĺҲںӳ֮ʣһ֣ϼ״İνãȻĽãûкʹƴ󣬵һܷ֣֮ռ䶼ڷʹ
һ£ȥ֮󣬿ռ䶼һƬնȻ˲ָΪʣһǶʣܷƵһѾǳĿֲˡ
ֲһǹֻǿսǿڵս۳½Ϯɱһ൱ͨʮڶǶʮʮÿһһҲѹҿ֡
Զİܵ˷һѹҲɫ΢΢һ䣬Աߵİ׷ѾһĨЦͲˣҵϣתȥ
䡭Ͱ˲һǾףõӦǵƽ˫˲ʧϣǾҵ𶯣ʮ𣬲ٷݶܲסȻһЩվվȡ
Զûоʹ˽ں֮һɴŻϢĿԱըıһ·һжɵ궼ʣ
շһĺ췢Ϊ뱬ըıȽϽתתܣǿصĺϡ
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굱һѪɫ˲òҰףҲߵķݵɳȥ
ں췢ӣʵҪǿһЩûôǱҲһƺߣӰһ˰ڰסһվȣǱһĨѪ졣
ϻ쵰첻ɱ㣬ҾͲպӡ췢һĨǵѪɫһӱһһͷҰް㣬ųŰ뿪ķȥ
һ죬Ҳ쳣Ǳˤڵϣ㿴췢׷ȥȻʱѪڣ඼λһǰ˵ĶˣҲŭûٹϵˣ𣬽׷ȥ
籩ûоʹͣ£ɢƬ̱㵽棬ĲٷݸЩǸǱŻΣǳ֮£Ҳ˲Ƴˡ
ֵǽǣ˾ųʱΧǽѾȫһĿȻŰϵߣʬ洦ǡ
һԱߵӳ˶ˣжˡ
ڸ֪СӼܲڳҰɣȻǵʸˣҲ˹룬Ǽ˾û£ֻһܽȫ
˲ǱˣͶȫ
İɣа취ٺһЦָŵΧǽȴٵĳҲ
Ϣţܵŵƽһ㣬Ƭ̱㵽˳Ҳ࣬ʱҳһƬƽĴɱҲûע⵽
Ϣûע⣬ܵߴų׵ʬԣŶȫϡ
ȫھʱҲŹ־ʿðԷԱȻϮɱȻ˼Ƕֵٶȱ˲֪ٱû콫״ʬѾϡ
˵㲻ᾭɣһؿŶȫ


088 ڧһ
һжֻΪֵܡȫٺһЦһ㶼ûв˼⻰ͬ
ףĴһۣЩȫźԺӿȥ¶һĨЦߡ
һ¡ȫһѽסûӦ˼ѣɻ֮ʱһصѪζı֮УõŻ³
ŵɣǱģôˣϵ׶ƳûһѪһ֪ǼٵġȫٺһЦǰʬһĨȻѪĨϡ
ϤľٶȻûһֱ뷢£Ҳ֪ȫ˵ûֻǿš
αװҲٶֱվһŵĸźԺȥ
Ƭ̣ǱԺֻû뵽ǣԺſڣȫսΰһƵſڣ˽ȥǰûϢĳ
ȻǶŭѣͳ춼Ѿγ˽ȴûһ˶֡
ǲ֪ʲô£ʹԼԼ˶ʱһɫϣ·л֮һ׷ÿ·
ŵļǰλǶСȫģΪʲôǽȥһɱҵˣҵĳ
˵֮к䣬Ӧǵĳ˵Ҳպӣմ½ĹأֻҪ壬Ҳԭļ˹ϵ
Ӽǹֵ۹Ļ壬Ҳйϵô࣬ԺûԼӻûйϵ
ӻҲû˵䲻֮ˣ֮仹ܵ
ܹӦһҶ﷢չԭл֧֣ô̵ʱڽԼչ׳ҲΪźӻ֧֡
һкжף˻壬ѱڵĵλƽʱһЩҪֻҪģᾡɡ
˵ҪʤһʱӦǣҲû˿ܾӦΪֵ֪۶Ϊֵ۹뾭õĵأﲻ֪жٱ̽ӣһЩصģѳΪš
ʤصֵ۶ò죬ʤ˱鵽취ȳȥܹʤСٳֻһ
ԭһжãԷˣһȦ㿪ҪԺ׼ٽԺҲӦˣԭסںԺ˰˳Լ˲ٽȥ
úû뵽ǣȺס֮¼Ϊбʵʲô¶ɵóǿŮһ⣬ȻܵŮס㽫һС檸ǿˡ
Ȼʱһвûзǳ׵ŭˣҵһӼҵʳϣû뵽ǣʳϾȻһŮֵϲǣݣѵҲŮô
ȻŮֻһС檣ĸܹԼŮ˱˵ѹϣŭ֮µĺԺǰԺΪɾ͵شá
Ϊ£˫ƴ˺üΣϧԷʵ̫ǿȻʴδ֣Էǰ˾ʱкü˺ǰ֮⣬ʵǿҲֻ
У䶼㱻ԷɱִС鴫˳ȥų־˺һڳͻȥ
ӴԺ˾͸ΪţٳȥŮ棬ɱɱ֮ǰŮԺԺſ·ͱ˵ҪԺȥʮǿ
ºҽֻ֪ø˵Ů󴳺ԺűɱģЩͶԻŭǿ¾Ҫ̲סԷƴˡ
ͻȻϮĳҲһ䱾߲ѣ֪ʤСԹرҪǰԷ⣬ȴû뵽һԺסԷʲôû˵ɱˡ
ĳһЦֵ۹˶ҺӼҵˣгǳضҺӼҵģвƲҲҺӼҵģӼˣЩ겻ҺӼ֧㣬Ͳ֪ˣ
Ȱ㻹ʵĴŰɣǻǣ顭
ֵܣЩԾߵĻƺܴ󰡣ȫ˫۷Źؿ죬һϲСʤѾɿת
첢ûע⵽ȫϱı仯һ߰ЦǼһһΪǣԼǸһȰ㣬ҹǿ϶ǹֵ۹ģǵı飬мܵˣƽʱǿ϶û֮䲻ìܲŹ֡


089 ڧ
ٺ١ôԺСأⲻǸǵĻᣡȫյһЦͻȻյģʲôԼǻҵһΪһƤͳϻˣģܹˣһӽƴˡ
û췴ӦȫһӣһߺɱΪȥֵǱ𰡣ҳ尡
˵䣬ȫǰȥ˺棬ǰ̫࣬ͳ岻ۿ˵ţȫŭɶŭյģһûѵĶҹһӶʮһú
տʼԶȫѣҸЩа壬ԲһǸģȻȫĻʱ˶˫һӾͺˡ
ԭоͶЩ˳˷ŭֻǿԷʵǿ󣬲һֱѹţɽԷȻǵɱˣŭѿѹƲס
ҶˣƾʲôͿɱǰ
ʱٱȫһǾûѵļһ޵ݣۿԼֵܱ޹ɱǰ޶ԣⲻûѵʲô
еŭҲѹƲסƢŭȿˡģ˭˵ûѵһʲô˵ģܹˣҲҪڶ
ɱɱЩյԴ񡭡
ƴˣ֪ǵ
һеŭҲѹסס׷Ӧ
ɱɱЩյġ
ɱȫɱˡ
˲˫۳죬սӿȫ֮𣬾һȺǶźԺű˹ȥԭЩԥһٶ˼һ˼ˣ㲻ߣҲߣûˡ
ŭˣɫ䣬Ͻλֵǧ嶯˵
ȻĻû˵꣬ǰѾŵļӴһǵʵǿҲһЩʦĵֵסֵϮһ棬кü˱ɱ

Ĳҽ𣬱һԭĻͣˣŭֱԶҲȥܺ䣬֪Ҳųȥ

һʱ֮ҽ죬Ѫ֫ĴƬ̼䣬ʮɱǼŵǱǵѪȾһѪˣټǺĳԼףһȵĿֲԵĶħһ㡣
һЩ£һĿͳҲ̲סźˣѵôؿֵǱЩ쵰һɱô
û˵ȴԽ˫еɱʵһǳظˣֻһʱ뿪
ڴһӶţӶŲһûУÿһ˶ĺӣǿĵˣԸԼΪͬ鵲Ҳ
Ӷ˵Ŭ£ʵһǿҲû˸ҴǱĻ
ʱһ֪ӶѾչԼϣӦǽԼļ壬ӶŵֵҲļҽ
տʼӦǵĸǰٰѹֵһһнЩˣΪӦǵİ
ȻҲŻ尵е֧֣ףûֵܣнɾͣڿԼһֵǰɱ絶ʣŭֱͷ
ˣֵҶԲˣлֵôٻֵֻܸǳûȥˡ˫۷죬гʧδ£Ѿͷͷȡ£䡣
ɱһŭȣӻͳȥһһȥǣסһŵĻʼļǵ
ˣֵܶԲסˡԱһӥǵͳҲͷȡ£͵ϣһȥ
һһͷȻͷҶְ˵㲻ʲôʱȴɽһأõ˫ֶڲͣķ
ˣֵǶԲסˡļһͷȡ£ķںǰһһ𣬳˫۳ȥ
ȫװǰ壬ȴ۾һֱźǣЩȥͳǣȫصֵܣɣһһ䣬ɱЩͳ룬ǼŵҪùˡ
㿴ǳҿѾ̲סˣҪ֣ǲĺϷ


090 ëû

Ļδ˵꣬ǰͻȻһĲҽУŤͷһԭһﵽһӳԷһ̴ˡ
úúãȻ̫ҺֵһƴˡһúܲסˣֻһһɿֲϢӰ磬ǰ˹ȥ
ϡ
һ嵽һǰҲûаֱֻһӣǽֵͷһӶԷɣͬʱһֻϵͷΪһӰŵͷϱ˹ȥ
ܺǿֲһ󾪣ϽӽȻͷӴ˲׷ɳȥͷԴϮ
䡭
ӦûӦͷݺݵͷϣһԴһצΪѪ⡣
ˡ
ͻȻ֣õԱߵϲѡ
ض˵Ҳֵܡ˫ۣѸٳ֣⼸˸ɵˣĸֳһܵ
ǡһŭϵԽõüŵء
ԺİһСһľ裬ͺҪСһ㡣
ԣΧźüȫսΰŵ֣ɢϢԿûһ˵
ʱЩЩǱһͷȫǳмϻˡ
ȥʲôˣһŨüۣһɫµľĴɫһһͺ
Ǵˡתɱȥ
ȥ¾ԱߵһеģĿľӶԷ˵ɽ֮ƣȽλԸǡ
ʲôڣɱ١һĨѪЦ
Ҳǡ¾һ뵽Լʵ˫ɱһ
ѵǾͲܲɱôСŮݺ֪ץңΪʲôڲңһֱҪҹ
¾СŮһۣ¶һĨЦͲ֪ˣҲֻǷ¶ѡ
ن£ҺԱߴšȴû¾ôСŮһȣСŮȴûСһƲмصʲôףҶҪģҲ㣬бͰɱˡ
㡭ͨ죬ɱʢɸͲҶСŮʲôֻһСŮСŮʤһ㣬˷ܡ
⡣
ܰɣҿܵʱ׷߿ǰİ⣬Ͼɱճ֮ʱ԰׷һʱְ֮ٶȷǳóȻΪĹϵٶȷ沢ûơ
˳֮£ٶ޼׷ϰⲢס
㲻ٽ׷ֻǽظڰ󣬲ܵȰ⽫ս֮ٳȥ
Ҫ֪ʸȻϷУĵսҲǷǳĿֲ԰ʵʵԲᳬὫսľ
ģҾԻ¡һЦŤͷһǰ첼֮УļǺĿֻҪȥ󹦸ɡ
ϻ쵰Ȼҵҹֵ۹ֱ֪첻ˤʬΣҾͲպӡǺ췢ҲһԹĶŰ
պԸհĿ㡣һЦú췢ʾһͷҰް֣ȥ
˵䣬𽣣һĽã㻮գ
СѵǸղŻûˣЦһӰһǵã
ˣ˷սǾ͸ţ˭ĵ󡣡׷һͺȣӳǺǱһֱһ׷һýã⣬ɰһÿÿҪʱܱܿ
׷ͷףǵս˲Ҫýãôһֱǡ
ͷëûޣǿɵͷѧŵ㡣һЦһڽѵһź췢ʺǳͬʱӰҲ첼õһȥ
ڰ˵Լëûޣɽ췢ʸȫܹΪʣĸǼʮˣȻ˼˵ޣһëûġ
ۡϻ쵰Ҹƴˡ췢ŭɶȫսӿеٶ͵ĴǣŰ˹ȥȻΪ׷ϰ⣬ϧս


091 
ŭڵĺ췢ǰɫһ䡰ģͣͣ£ϴҲԣҲ㡣
ǰĺ췢һȻͣ£ǰ׷һǺҲסˣǶװڸʲô췢ֻǶʣȫ׷ҪܣҲ׷ϣҪȻ׷ˣαػ
ȻûΣգΪʲô̫˷ѽˡ
Ȼ˲֪ǣǶΪ׷ϰ⣬첼õ󷨱˹ȥʺһʻ췢һ룬һֻըʣ˸˲
Ϊ¶ȴ󷨣԰ŵ˴Ϊľֹʼǰ塣
Ȼðû뵽ǣϴŭĺ췢ȴ˷ú췢һ±ø֮߰Է϶Ϊڵսˡ
ϻ쵰ҲսãȻңȥɡ췢һŭٴγ˹ȥ
ͣٴһȵǰΣգ
еĺ췢ٴȻͣ£һǰûκεŰЦʱҲҪҸýڣ浱ǰ׳ղɣ˵Ҫǰȥ
ͣͣǰĺΣաٴμ
ΣգҿΣ˰ɡ췢һҲ⣬սһȥ
ԼҪֵֹ˭أε̾Ϣһһ̣췢Ѿ֮С
ֻڿռȻŤһɿ񱩵·ȥûȺ췢ŪףǿѾĽ¡
䡭
һʮʮ֮ӦΪ֮һΧĴظǳֱˮͰѺۣǱ籩Բ׵һж
ںİ׷ɫȻ䣬˭Ӱһתź󷽷ɱ˶ȥ
һǺʣǿǳ籩ںϣõ˲ʧǼϳ籩һһտն
ֱӱһ侪ôð춼ûзӦֱɢ籩嵽ǰŷӦ
ϧһжˡ
䡭
һʾһű߷ɵʯӣɳȥ
ɢڵѾΪһ׵Ĵӣڶģͨͨһ㣬õһ󷢺
˵ǰΣգƫţˣɲܹҡҡͷ޹̾Ϣţ۽ǵЦȴð׷˺޲ýʬΡ
úúá׷ŭЦû뵽ȾȻ󷨣ѹһʾȻҶǰơ
ôˣ㲻ҶһǶѣ־͹Ǳһ£˭һЦؿŰ׷ʡ
һ㲻ɡ׷ŭĺһŭȣŰ˹ȥǵٶȴǼǿֲĴõǰİ⳰Цϡ
ӦǶʮٿշеӦǶȥһСİüʶһ˵ȥӦǺô¿˵κ˲ǰӦǣй¶ʤС֮ء
ֵǼϼһѾ鵽ˣǲȥòһ죬Ҳпܱǲ鵽ڹȥϢͷзһƵСͷǰʤСͷǵʵʤǼϼһ
Сͷû˵꣬ԶͻȻһȻ죬ţһǿȻһܵǿֲͷɫһ
ʸ֣ϵʸ֡üʳĻ˵꣬ɫȻ䡣
ˡ˼ͬʱͬ䣬Ǳըĵطȥ
˫ս붫ȫĵ˺Ժ
ֵܣô죿ȫЩصɻŽʮ֣һǿһֻ·һ
ʲôҲǸռŲôʵڲУüġһЦİο
һȫһҪ˵ǰһӰҴҶ˶һۣ㾪ŵ˹ȥͬʱﻹغ˲ˣöɱˣ˺ֵǵֵסøλ˴ʤСϽ뿪
˵ʲôһץסȫж٣жʵΣϽң
ˡȫƺͻȻץסˣ˵ýˣͷ֮ʣֻȫȻһĨЦ⡣


092 ˵С
á伫Ϊоսڱγһλס壬ͬʱһȭ򶫷ȫȻȭͷûȫ۵һһĵʹ
ţԱߵ͵̧ͷĲӱɨ˹ȥӦ죬һɨ˹ȥ
ϡ
ݺݵһǣӦϣɨһ̣Դ׷ɶ
ֵ⽣ʲôƷģôôȫ˫۷Źؿн
ϵƷҪߡٺһЦ߰ɡ
˽һգźԺɱȥƬ̣˱֮ء
վסһΧһȣ˹
ǳġͨһһŵ˵ڵء
ס֡¾һͺȣֹĳ֣漴㿴ˣʵʲôʵ˵
ȻѸоŲٸ֣ɵЩʱлһ㣬һӿһ¾罣Ŀ⣬ȫ
ȫ΢ɲһ죬ͷŭȴҷֻӲͷƤصءشˣһ֣ȫʮˣһֵ˲أ˶ˣǸϽ֪ͨλ뿪
һ¾ͫһôǿʵƾǳܵס
авãţͷˣˣҲֻӲͷƤȥشˣʵȷʵˣ븮ļλͳ컹ļλƴֵʱסˣʱѾ˹룬Ҳ˶ãλˣǻǸϽ뿪ɣǻûȥ
˵ţҪ
һѣȻܣҲ̫Ƿˡһֱû˵кһǸȥЩ쵰ɱˡ
ǡ¾Ҳûзԡ
ȥȻڵϵ붫ȫһۣ϶¶һĨ֮ɫʱ¾ĿͻȻٴ䵽ϣǻʲô
һϽ뿪˵ţ˱㻺վת˲䣬˶һۣһĨɱֻͬʱһ֣źɫӼ
쵰һŭȣһѽγŷһű˹ȥ
䡭
ݺݵںɫ֮ϣһ֮£һɺɫĿȥܣһϣǻ˲ǿĳ޴أõλϵļⶼǿ˺һ㣬¶ѩ׵Ĺͷɺļ⡣
ĲҽԾ﷢˿ʱֻȫһƬںڣѪˮī֭ʱ˫ֽץϣʹ֡
ҵģʧɫʱȫղĺɫѾһǰϾǿ־壬ֻһãǷȥĺɫӣȻתܡ
䡭
ɫ뽣ãݺݵĺһһɺɫ籩ʶһɺɫ籩ֵķˡ
ûЩŶȫС˾ˡпֻҪһ棬ûǿУǳڴսʱᷢ⣬ϻ
һ˳ÿռŲûеڶ·ߡ
Сȫָ¾Ĵſڣ
Ťͷһһһ꣬۾÷ۣϻӤʣͺһСŮ
Ҵʱ˫ˮĴ۾ζؿ򶷣Ǿģõó˶е£ȴûһ⡣
õǣСŮߵķղűɢ籩ܳ嵹ȴö˶˵վ
ð죬һڿˮ򶫷ȫ˵۹ıѾΪʵ۶ʮ꣬˵СǱ³Ϊʵۺ󲻾ģôô㣿
Ժͣȹȥ˵ȫϸһĨЦҲûж͡


093 
ðɡͷǧŪˣҪðôŪһٵĻȥСҵıѷ
Ȼ˵ҲûϻӰö弶ڵƵıѷų˹ȥŵϽˣһᣬ붫ȫС˹ȥ
СǶĶȫġȫһСǰ㹧һ񣬿ı飬컹Ϊˣһ뵽ǰСŮһҲֻһ
ض񡣡СŮŶȫ˻֣ǣֿ죬ݺʵ˭ҺûмӴ
졣Ͻ֡
ǻǸϽ뿪ɡȫһٴγЩͷ󼱡ٲ߾ˡ
Χһ𶼷ˣҶһһȣ˱Χβûǳ֣ǽΧסǳͶǿһ
˵ҶͶ֮ȫЦһ־Сȥ㡣
ȴСӰһΣ˶ȫ֣죬ˮ˫۾һգգһڴ
⡭ȫСľٶһ£漴һĿЦô˵ҲСˣû뵽Լİ˶Ȳá
Сǿɰģʵڲľܾһֱ㽫䱧˻С
ɱһȫɱˡж¾ͻȻӵǱʱȫڣ߿׶ɫҺ壬ټǰһģһƬһЩըϣģ븯õʬһ㣬ŵЩɵúһ
˿ģҲŵ˺ü
ԣҪϻεġϽеСԴԼУȴСµֲСӣЩƭң
Сӣ쿴Сգգ۾ʵڲ֪ô˵СһСӣ֪СͿ±ԼҪ
Ļ쵰ҹһ羪װԴŴű㿴˫ۣȫȫѪİ˹
һˣ˵ױŭŤҪȥɵǿ컳еСʱɫ䡣
쵰Ⱥ쵰ô˶ǽץסǻʲôáŭ죬ȴûɷһ㵹ùһӣû뵽֣֮£һˡ
ǳĲб˾ٶȫɫ䣬׷һ
ˣ㿴ʩһָǾ¾˵ս֮ʱע⵽˲˹Ĺʱûϳ˭
ڽһȻϳҲɫ䣬һǾǣߵʵ£Ȼ⸱ģٿʱѾý˺ܶࡣ
ˣҪҪʩˣȴҡҡͷͬʱ˼ֶ໥֮˳ͻöøΪңѾ裬޷پΡ
˵䣬һһ̣¾ԴѾ׷ɶҲٵʹ࣬һ㱨ġ
£ĿѾת죬Ŀеɱ⼸ʵʣõȫ䡣
Ϊ㻹ǵȶɡЦһóһöռŲעһսʱãţγһã󣬶ԱߵĶȫһ˾ӰһһãУĴӱסӾͺһ㡣
ãҪܣסǡãĳ֣ɫ䣬Ҳٹ˼еС˹ȥ
ͬʱ֮󣬶ûгɣ׷׻ӽȥһʱ֮䣬ʮãķһϮɢϢõöȫȫһ
ֵܿ㣬ǵСɾˡȫɫҰף嶼ɪɪⲢ£Ϣֲ̫õЩܲסĲ
˵֣ܱܲңãô󣬱˵ֻһˣҲ⡣ɫͨ죬ȫֱð亹һԱסǲϲȥһ㣬ֻҪǸˣͻܲˡ


094 Դս
Ҷû£Ȼų治һˡ컳еСͻȻŤͷ򶫷ȫõöȫһޱȣ޲Ҹضȥˡ
ݡ
żƿһ·ڿռһղʴգ۱㵽ã֮ǰĽöĺ󱳶еһʹ
ҵ谡ˡȫ亹ֱðֱӱ۾ζԶֲȫվ
ˡռһһᣬǰǰããһƬʲôˡ
ݡ
Ľã԰׹һɫȴǴ䣬ΪһȻʲôûȰ׹ɢٿȥʱǰѾǿһ
ռŲ
ŤףޱԹĶʤҵŰɣ֮ܣһѪ
׹һһ˳һƬ֮УŤͷһܣΣգһо󶫷ȫıס쵱ŭȫϼſ
ŶŶһ𣬻˫۵ĶȫһۿԼȻһƬУҲһ
ԼȻޱȵıʱȫһ񺮣ϽſʲôЦкܶƯСűүѱүʲôˡ
Ұʲô𣿡ŭŶȫղ˭ұŵģҿһļһѹʮ˻һС
㡭ߣȫð춼˵ôˣѵûȨˣҾ͵Уܰô
Ŷȫǵͨľ챧ڻеСЦֱͣʱ뵽ﻹһݸ߹С򣬸Ͻֹͣ֡
ڵϣĴһۣüͷҲ֪ʲôطӦжԶڰϻһҲ֪ôˣ
ڵҲûãŪʲôط˵ɡȫһϵ̫ʤڶ򶫷߰ɡ
СͷҪȴСˮĴ۾ûֻٴν
Ӧ⡣
Ƕʱը֮Ҳð׷ߺһ˼ɵﻹֱ㣬ҲҾȫȫûй˼ɣһսȻûռϷ磬ȴԷƳƽ֡
䡭
ٴӲһǾ޴ĺ֮£ʮͣ£ǰ׷Ҳʮͣ¡
û뵽ֵ۹߾Ȼֶսңһ˱ҵʵǿȻֻҴƽ֣ʧ⿴ɫЦõŭ죬һ뵽֮ǰǶʾǱȼŭȻ⵽ģҲֻǿѹеŭ⣬Ҹ⡣
ΪǾ㣬ҵҪ˭Ц󡣡׷ŭŰ⣬ȴûټųȥһһǰһĽΧм䡣
ȻЦˡһЦôãھʶһʵɡ
˵䣬ɫһֻ̧࣬սӿ˾糵תԽתԽ죬գۼ䣬˶Ϊһޡ
ϵǿٵת֮£ؼΪãƬ̼䣬γһã
ǡŰתõΧƬĿռ䶼ϣ˵죬׷ɫ䣬оǾ
Ī֮ʣͻȻ֮䣬ǽãһ磬֮жһմ
á׷ת˶ȥǽã籩ȴ׷ᣬǿֲٶ֮£ߵľȴԽԽ
һʣڸܵһĿֲϢʱ°ĿûȰתԶˡ
Ļ쵰϶ðģʤʲôʱϹ׷ʹĴ߶սԶȥɰǲһ·׷
Ƭ̣ã籩ѵ׷ߵıۿ޿ɶ㣬׷һŭͻȻãǣõգۼһѰ׳ľ޽
ȥ׷о޽һӣһ·ռ䶼һѺۡ
䡭
޽ݺݵĺڽã֮ϣһ޽˲ǻӶ޽İ׷Ҳھ޽һ˲䣬һѪ³Ҳҡ׹ȥ
ͬʱãҲһ֮£ȻըİһƤ浹ɳȥǱը֮ռһţһڶĿռѺ۳֣Ϣ洵Ƭ֮ºϡ


095 ѳ
񡭡Ȼڵϣһ³üѪɫҲһӱòҰףȴûһɥЦҶʮѪȻûа׷ѣһҲԴﵽ켶нս
ԣԶصİ׷ɫ䣬ؿŰ⣬ŵص˵ʲôղսԼģ
ȻҴġЦоǵ⡣
ɱɱ׷ɫȻŤһͷҰһ㣬Զһ
Ҳѹְ׷ͷͻȻÿһսǴ½Ͼ֮죬Щ͵˼ս֮˶Ǵ½쵱
ΪսҪѧżߵҲżߵ츳ǳĿ̣ܹս֮ˣյĳɾͶضǾ˵ġ
Ȼֻһʣһ۹˵㲻ʲôȻܹ˿ֲս츳ѧԷһ˿ɱȣԺ˼֮ϣɾͱضǳĿֲ
ʱԴﵽһһ֮ǿڵй׷ȻɳԺֵ۹˵͵ûڴ˵ϡ
δȺʶ֣һĮʲôͷ˶ŭټ
ͬʱǿϢԶƬ̱ߡ
á
һܵǿϢɫȻ䣬˿ĳɣó͸ĿռŲעһսʱ㱻һã֡
ֹˡ׷ͷһϵãɫ䣬ʶľҪǰ壬ɴʱҲǿ֮ĩӰǰͲԵڵأֻͷغ
׷ͷǽݣյͷȻ֪Ϊʲôð׷ͷ⣬֪鼱ȣӰһݣ׷׳֡
ϧǻû嵽ǰã׹ţȰ׹ʧҲʧ
ռŲͷǹֵ۹ĸ߲ʿʶʱĻ֪ʲô顣
ġ׷ɫһӱòҰסԺ鷳ˡ
ͷ׳ʲôˣüʿ׷ߣʵʱѴӰ׷ͷǽıпǱѰ
׷ͷ̾ϢһѰղʹõԴս˵˱飬˫ͭ壬ɫѿ
ʱǺһҲ˹׷ͷȴûкɫжһĨɱ⣬һʵıʵ̫ˡ
Ҫôӵ϶Ҳܸصˡ
˵ôֵһأֻһʣ֮ʵһЩ࣬ټ֮ǰ˲ˣʵȫӳٸǰ壬Ǵ
ߣȻӦǣҸоǲһɧһǡüʳʤ˾ͽɼϹѾ⸽֮ڳֹò˶Ǳᵽǵúú׼һ²С
ԣͷɫ䣬ˣûһʱָ˾ͽɼĵôǶ֡
ϾǶǳ˽⣬˾ͽɱʣ֮ǰİüҲʣ˾ͽǵʵ̫Ҳܵ
صӦǣǵĳһƬֻصʬ壬зӰڴɱ˵
ס֣ڸʲôһŭͣ£һǼʣڵϣ˻ϣʧְʤС˾ߣ봦
ľٶȫڵأͷ
ʲôͷһһǰȥץס⵽ô£СѾͷôᱻ˾ߣǿ𣿡
ͷ𼱣ѻ˵ꡣüʸϽǰȰ˵ġ
оԼʧ̬ĽץסַſýĿⶢõãڱȫһ
֮󡭡˵һ飬˵˫һӱó죬ҰһͺǺǸĻ쵰ҪϮǵˣҲ뿪Ҳ쵰֡
ռŲȻǿռŲʤǿǴֱʣΪ˾һСȻöռŲ˳Ť𣬵ͺ
߰ɣѾûˣȻػʳǡüʶźȰ˵ʱɫҲǼࡣ
ѵôŹЩ쵰ʵؿС۾ͷǻѣֻҪǻҹ־ڣһܹѳ


096 ֲС
ѳʲôãüʿռŲһֻҪʯ꣬һֱʹȥ
ʤ̻öʱŲȻóʯƣøʹãǿԴͺüεģֻû뵽ռŲȻͬʱˡ
Աһֱû˵üСͷȴͻȻܿռŲܹʹüΣܹʹʱ䣬ҵĵȴ
һ˵ĿⶼСͷһɫǳأСͷĵģһ顣
֮ǰʤֵ̻öռŲһö˾ҵõһöԼҵõöͬʱ֣¾̫Ѱˡ
ռŲȻֻǳҲȱ󣬵ȴǰҲδػһöܹ޷д
̽飬ʤϸֶû뿪Ҳû֣öռŲȴͻȻ̻ᣬͺˡ
Ķ˾ҺԼҵõ֮󣬱ضأӼĵ̣СʤҪΪ˾Ҳó˾ҵһöԼҵľԲóڲöˣʹöǶûһϡ
ԣɫ䣬üʸʧѵлƿռŲʤ
ֻô룬ҪȲ֪֮̽СͷȴȵĵͳУѾŰ˳϶
ǻʲôϽص۶²ǡĴʧɫҲҳɣСͷüһץסģ˱Źֵ۶ɱȥ
ûһ£ٴηɱ˳йеķŭ
죬ҺʬΣͶԲֵܡԶһƬ֮һѪɫ԰׵ӿųЩŮͳ˵ں֮£˫ȭţȫǣǽõ˿Ѫ䣬ûйЩ
Ҳ֪ʲôط˰죬ҲûҵһׯۿɫѾ磬˱һɽʱס¡
컳бŵС˯죬˯ˣҲ˫ֽرĲӣһСһ㡣
¶һӽ˲٣°СţóһԼ·ϣٽرڻУſ򶫷ȫʵø˵˵С˰ɣ
ȫһ£ʵСڵ۹ʲôܣСʵѾʮֻ꣬ΪһЩԭһֱģҾҲֻܱʮ¡
üͷһ壬аȻ
˼£ֿ˿Լ˯С񾲵˯ˣƯСյ˫ۺͳĽëüͷһ壬ʵܸ˵ʲôԭʹһֱô
ȫãҡҡͷǻҵĻܣҲ֪١
šͷҲΪѶȫʱСȴ磬СѾͷ⣬ҷʷǳľûһʣһŴһ㣬ڻһǿԲһʥ٣ֻûпʵһǳĿֲ
˵ͷӱС㷢С˲һ㣬Ȼûڣȴǽ˫۵СȴͻȻۣСѾͷһ㶼ԣȻ˵˵ܡ
һȫҲסˣΪСΣ쵱һСѾͷˣһĹЦ
ȴûʱСȴǳ˼벻˼顰磬ѾͷȻܹҵĴڣôܣ
ʲôܵģһСƲƲ죬һĲмһ̣׵ռ֮УռһŤһŰ׹֣СǽСӰѳС
СͻȻСС죬Ŵ۾Сð죬գգ۾ôܽģ
ͽˣСȻ˵ĿռɨһۣСüͷѵ𣿡
ʲô취ֳȥС漴С¶ɰЦݵҺܺã졣
˵ţ˫һԺֶһԺˡ
ðɣԺ;졣Сͷ


097 Сʣһ
СѾͷ˵˺ð죬Ҳ֪СѾͷʲôȻʶҲ벻ռ䡣
ջʶ쿴һۻеСִʱֱ˫ۣ֮ǰ˯ʱһ񾲣뵽ȫղ˵뵽С˵֮ԼСʶȻܹ׵ռ䣬ԽСء
ιֵ۹ôץСҲǽвʤʵۣ϶顣
û뵽СУȻһСѾͷѹСôϲ㱧ȫһĹЦĻֱӱˡ
һת۹ȥڶϣԻýнһЩ׼õʳóԭΪСԲߣϾ׼ҲһЩ⣬ʳ߻ǾʿǲܹĵҲرܱӣһ׶ζҲǳ
ЩС㣬үǣʳῴһۣǵУЩʳӲҲš
ǣСȻΪȴһ㲻ʳҳԶҲûһ㹫һ鿾һŪ죬ۣȴһҲû⣬к㡣
뵽СֻмǣҲȻ
Թ·
·ϣСգǿɰĴ۾죬һͻȻʵô֣ѵ㲻ϲң
һ㶣ЦҶ֪ʤһɰС˾櫣㣬ʤĻеڶС
ŶСͷԭ֪ҵˣΪʲôأ
ҲһֱСôЦţ۰һСͷٶöȫľҪ֪˾ȻֻһСӣչС󣬾ǼҵļҲýһСͷǾǴɡ
ԭȫһ죬СԼûзԣǸ˵ӣȫֻüͷû˵ʲô
ȴ쳣֣Сڵ۶ʱǺܸ߰ƽʱٺ˵˵˭˵˱ǰǸܷ顣
ӼһˣͺһС
ѵǴ˵еǸˣȫа漴ҡҡͷܣ֮ӳ֣ҲԶʱһλ츸ֹ֮֮յ˶Ǳһ⡣
뵽ٿ컳ǿɰСʱĿ֮ж
УԺý櫣ʦôҵġС죬С˶ǲҵģԺٽС
ȫеףϽֹȴСŴ۾һ̣ȫͷͻȻһᣬҲ˵ˡ
šԥ£뵽ݣ»ǲٵ鷳룬һصʳǣĵλԺҪ¾ˣҲٵʲôͷУԺͽ櫡
ŶԺҊ櫣ҽ硣һЦ֪ô£Ҵӵһۿʱ͸еر׽ҵĸʦ׽ܸо㲻ŴҵĻ⡣
Ǵʲôˣʵ
Ҫҵ˵ˡСһĨȻĻδ˵ȫɫ䣬˵
ʲôֲẦҡСգգ۾ȫȴҡҡͷ˵Ĳֵ֪ʺΣա
һСʱΣգСʵк⣿Ҳеĺ֮ġ
ʱ츳һݿԺõҩı֮⣬˽츳Ӱ졣
ЩУЩͨ˲ͬһЩܳΪߣһЩСͻһЩٵˣΪͨ˵Ĳ죬ȱһЩ߳ɳ°ʹǵٶȸ죬ɾ͸ߣЩ˱㱻Ϊʡ
ǧٹ֣Ҳ಻ʤֻǽһЩرʼ֣һЩ϶Ҳû̫رҲûᡣ
С֮һſֲ廹ûһʣһԿĳַǳʺʡ
ȴûһʵɻˡ
Ҷȫ˵֪С֮󣬽ΣգΪɻ
Сû˵Ǵ۾죬ͺѶΣô


098 Сʣ
ΣӳΪΣձһֱңٶһΣʲôǺһЦ
ֵܣɵãΣտɲ֮ǰ֣Ҷ壬Ҳüɵġȫôδйء
ôأüͷһ壬漴ЦҾ͸櫵ˡ
Ҿ֪˲һ㡣СһЦ֪֮ô
֮壿ҡҡռеСĸ֣ʱʲôȻ֮壿
Ҿ֮塣СͷҲ֪ôСĻ
ҵ磬д鷳ˡСض漴ֶСŭȻ֪Լ֮壬ΪʲôҪ߸磬ⲻǺ𣿡
ֻǾУԾ¸Сһί
ǵ˵ʲôɻص֮ʲô
磬֮еǧǧ򣬵ܶ඼ֻͨһ죬ʲôȴмʮֱ̬ʣ֮֮һ
Сһͣʲô֮壬֮һִʣҲ˵忴ͨɣһͷԱ
֮ĳɳڵҲԽԽ࣬˾һɳľ͵ʯֳɳָݸ֮ϵһЩͬ
С˵СֻӣҲʮһ꣬ⲢӰĻۡ
˵֮ϵһǧϵǣȴֻڵɳҲܱʮ£ǵȴͨ˵֮ࡣ
ݴ˵ںܾǰһ֮֮ʱȴһǿ߲֪ʲô㻯Ǵ󿪣Ӵ֮ɳٶֻÿֲݣʮ꣬½޵֡
Ϊ̫̬ǸȡΪ֮壬Ϊĺӣǽܵľˡ
㻯֮֮˳츸Ϊ֮õ˵һ֮Ҳ˳ƺ㻯ǿߣߵĹϵ縸Ůһ㡣
ֻϧڵһ֮֮Ȼ½Ҳ½ĳ˼֮壬ȴδһ֮õ㻯ɿ֮塣
ҲյʧȻһЩа֮֮Ǿ⣬һа֯ʮо֮£оƷԽ֮ڵߣڳƿʵǡ
˵˽һ֮ڵֱ֮ڱʥұûΪʵıǲӰ죬ʱøãٶȱǰճΪ½ϵĵһǿߣ½㱻ͳơ
ϧʵﵽ׽֮ʱҲ֪ǲĳͷ߱Ļ׽٣׵Ľɱ
Ⲣûŵ֮ˣΪʵ½ֻҪһ֮壬ؽ⵽
ʱҲףΪʲôȫ˵֪С֮Σգ֮£ʵ۱ض֪һϢȥ롣
һ廹õ֪Ϣ֮˻С⣬ԵһҪԸ֪Ϣ֮˱㽫ǻ塣
Ϊһ壬ѹĴ壬ʵ֮Ҫɱ죬ҲǶָ飬ָöһ仰ʤ֮ء
֪Щ飬Ҳɵüͷ¶ɫԼȴòġ
磬֪櫵ˣСüͷ΢壬һɻؿ졣
С뵽һᱻ˻ΪбһһЦʹ֪ʲôкڣģȻ֪飬ֽһ磬Ժ󲻹˭Ҵ⣬Ҷ㡣
Ҿ֪áһЦԵú˷ܣȴһĨȻҲ֪뵽ʲô
ԱߵĶȫСһһ˵ţΪС˵УС̸ţͷ죬һһ䡣
˵ֵܣ˵ʲôأȫԴһɻ
㣬֮ܡСһЦ
ǺǡҲû˵Ҳ֪ȫɻʲôСĴ̫֪
˵Ͳ˵ɡС˿ڣȫҲϾһתҸղעһ£ΧѾĽӡò˶Զˣʱô죿ȥҰϣֱӻʤ
üͷһ壬˼һµſռŲΣգ֮Լãֱӻʤҿǻʤ
Ҳ˼ȫ˵ͷ


099 Էǹ
綫ȫ˵ֻǰ˴Լʱ㵽һССȻ󣬵쳣ķȻڹֵ۹ĸ֮ҲСϾǵ˵ĴӪ
ǵСǿٵĿ⣬ȵССŪʳ˳ϴһ£·Ͼ֮ǰվһսȻ·ˣЩմϵѪûüϴ
ǱмƹݣǾ͵ȥɡ쿴ǰһһֵС¥ֿеСֻίǵЩˡ
ίСҡҡͷʵҸϲ档
ƹݣɨһۣ˿һӶûС
ϰ塣ȫһһʮֵ꣬ӱ˹λ룬֪Եʲô˵ţĿ䵽Сϣ˫һ̲ס̾λСúƯ
ߡСһͷŤһߣӣõһΣԱԷĿǿСǿɰģһҲ̲ס̾
ÿɰС
㿴˫۾鶯Ӵ
˶С̾ȫüͷһ壬ûᣬһһѽҶӡҪһ䷿õķ˶Ҷں۸񡣡
λ͹õңӵŷЦ۾ˣڵת·¥϶ȥ
һһеȣƤԽԺСƣȻһ㣬ϵϢȴǳǿõԱߵļ˵ֻͷԷһЩ˸ǳԵһ룬㶪·Ǯˣӣȴʲôûһ㣬ֻźԼľơ
˵ĳ֮ʱҲ̧ͷ죬Ŀ䵽СϣСǿɰģҲ˫һ
ȻĿ䵽ʱ৵һվһǿɱϱõƹݵ¶ȶŨصɱ֮Ȼ䡣
Ҫתϰ¥ɫȻһ䣬͵һŤͷĿ䵽ϡ
ͻȻľõڳԷ˸оΣյϢһ˶ûһŵžƹ֮ȥ
ǻûǮءӴ󼱣Ҫ׷ȥȴһסһǮЩ˵ķǮǸˣƹҲˣ뿪
ллӴϲлתɱȥõǷ粨һ㣬ϵĲ
ԭֵľƹݣϢ֮ѻȸԭΪҲֻʣӡ
˫û˵ôŶԷ罣Ŀ£ƬͶȫϱð亹
˭ȫȳܲסԷʵ
һ۶ȫûֽĿתϣĮصһǸأгɣ
Ѿˣ˭üͷһ壬ȻԷ֪ǰԼһһʣǾͱضΪԼ뵽ôһƫƧ֮Ȼһʸ֣Ҳֻôеù
Ԫɵʦ֡Į˵£ֻɱȻʲڣǾȥɡ
δ£ѻΪһ⣬
áɫͱ䣬һѽеСԱߵĶȫСߡ
Сһ֣ȫսӿȭͷգһȭԪȥ
졣
Ӱȭͷ֮Ȼһ޴ͷͷһ֣ˮӿƬ̼䣬һǰֱӻΪеһݣȥ
䡭
Ԫȭͷ˲һ𣬴һǿ񱩵籩˲õƹݷֱҲһ߷ɵ򣬵ɳȥԪֻס
ԱߵĶȫһϽԼ嵲סС籩ݺݵĺıϣʮ֮⣬һſڱһѪ
֪ΣգȫаɣϽóռŲעһսͬʱ콹غֵܣ
硭챻ɣ˻ڰձѪֹС˫һ±ᡣ
ռŲŶȫϳֵãԪɫһӰȥ
ͬʱԪľٶػδվȵһݣΪһӰԪȥߣҡ
ԪӰ磬˲㵽ȫǰȭȥʱ嵽һŭ
پ졣
ԪûһУ첻һطʵǿһСɫѣȻսǿߵʵ̫ǹ⿿һսֲġ


100 ʴս
Ϊŵӣվ˼ʮ꣬ھһȫһҲֻܵСˣοһ
ȻȭͷûȫϣΧ¶Ȼ˲׹ɽվĵֿ߸ǿʱҲð˽ɫĺˮ
ţĹɿֲȻͷϢҲ˼ɵ
̧ͷ죬Ԫɫ䡣
ʱͷϷһƬ𺣣ɻγɵĹ淭֮еѸգǱԽԽϢҲԽԽֲ
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Ͻӡһ䣬һĸ򣬻Ϊĵ⣬Ԫڵر
Ԫ󾪣Ļ˼ȥܶȫˣȭͷһգԱ߱ȥ
ˡ
Ŷȫ˵ãһãһȻʧһ
һ̣޿ƥеƣݺݵĺڵ档
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Ԫܾ֪Լ㲻𺣵ĺ׼𺣺ʱǹɳԶ˳
һԶ𺣣ܵκͬʱֿԽԶжٳɵ˺
Ԫڰлһߣһϵ·ȼŻ𣬿ȴȫûйܡ
ǰɹһ˲䣬һƷȼŵ·֮е£õǰ
սռŲϣҪעսһµƷû˵һѽý֮УһսעС
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ҪؼվãеǲҰ׵ϾЦݣͣ˺һ³֣ΰɣ
ڻ죬ã׹һʧڵԭʱԪҲ嵽һȭǰ׹˹ȥȴ˿ա
쵰Ļ쵰ؼԪһͷŭĹޣͣ
ҲѹôŭԭΪһĺûᣬϾƽʱƶǹܵúܽǳ
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ֻҴʦˣ˫һа취ģֻҪʦ֮ǰؼҵһжü˵ţԪŽڷɱȥ
׹һһƬɽ֮ϣ˻δվȣб㴫һĺضΪ֮˲˵һģһͷˤڵء
Ͻ켸ܵԱһʯ֮Ϣĵ¶һԴİա
֮УӰӰòɿɢİսõÿռϣÿһζԻõÿռ۵ͺʱһ㡣
ʲôطôôʸڴ򶷣ɻǰ֮һˣһˣһˣ˫ʵǿĴﵽʡ
һȶԷ࣬Ҷ˻һʣѹһõֻòǱ
˾ɣϷӣϲҪģ˶ʲô£ǵ˭һΪ׵ʶһź£뷢԰ףüͷŭ
£ΪһɵڿռϷ磬ƾʲôҪ㵥˾мص
˻һõúһ죬˾ɣԶ٣¡
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˵䣬˾һȡλֵܣóǵľУ첻նɱǵܡ


101 ɽ
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Ȼû˵ʱֵʽҲԽΧĿռ䶼ǵĴ֮вϷʹ
˾ɣ£üͷʤֵĸֻ֣ôĽҰأ
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˼£ͷУҵȽѹס
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һ֮󣬵ٴʱɫһ˿ϢҲȶ˺ܶ࣬ʱ˾к֮£Ƭ̱ˣ֪˾ɱģߵֵԶȥҲøᡣ
ûٳɣһֻèһʯͷܹ֮һ֮һЩֵӰĿ֮С
ϴſ󹤵ķΣԱ߻һЩϵĿʯڸԶһЩĵطŴ̮滹΢ӦǱǿߺġ
뵽ղ˾ǵĴսͫһ𾪵ѵһɽ
磬ȥ̫ԶҲʲôʯһʯ֣Сʱ˷
õġһͷϢıЩ󹤱˹ȥʱЩ󹤻ղ˾ǵĴսŵȫĶڴʯ֮󣬸û˭ע⵽졣
ܵһеǿ󶴿ڵ̮֮أҿһֲۣûע⵽֮һת˫ֶʱΪצ½̮Ķڳһ
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ôʵҿʯΪľССûãҲͲ÷Ǹٽȥˡ
Ȼû֮ǰЩʯôãܴȫʣԽ֮ǰܵ˺ȫָԳɳ١С֮г˾ϲ
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оǾͿھԼǰͣϵĶĵ
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øлңҲû⣬֪ҪˡһеЦ⣬Ȼδ䣬ֻ̽һ̣Ѿס˵ĲӣһԴˡ
һĻñһ߿ɫһ䣬ŵ¶˹ȴһ֣ͽץסһս֮ϼȥµֱսһһӱɿˣǰһ̣ܶûü´̽Լš
ʱҲ˲ԾһڶĹкһ߱еһңʱѣ£ݺݵ֮ϣ㽫عǸҶϣɳȥƬ̱ûϢ
սһ㱻һóͷͷһ´أ˶֮ϡ
˲ɱֻʣһʱһ˸ɾľͽ¸ҲܾСû֣ŵˣﻹֵغ˭Ҳ
ҲһЦ˫һŵ棬һֻһȥһæ֮Уеĸͷ˹ȴһ㽫һһѾǰһȭűȥ
䡭ȭͷݺݵĺһ֮ϣõһһҰڵ˳ȥڵϣȫ鴤ѪֹƬ̱ûϢ
һһֿһ̮ĶڣСʵСʯ


102 ˾ҵڳ
磬㾶ֱ˳ȥС䣬ѻΪһӰǰȥ
СͻȻ磬򶴱һȥ
šһͷ˫ٴλΪצŶȥƬ֮һĨɫĹâУõһϲʯ
ʯпʯֻ֮еȣǴؼװĿʯȻЩرõĴʦϣҲһܹ켶׵װֻʺС
ֿʯȴÿزٵģϾԽ߼ĿʯҲԽ٣ÿ˶װ켶д󲿷ݵ˶ֻװһ
þ˵ͨʿʹõʽҲֻǼһЩʯмʯ󲿷ݻͨ
ֻЩﵽʵСӳǾٵǲʸʹȫʯװ
ʯ֮࣬϶ǹΪҪļ֮ѹ˾ɺͺǻ϶˾ֵ۹°Сһ£ܵɽ
Ҳ룬˾ΪѰСѰҵӦǣȴһСѾ˾ߣȻɻ󵽵˭СߵģСûڹֵ۹ڣҲûй˼ɣΪֵ۹ƻ
֮ǰ˵һʤʿרϮֵľټ壬õùֵЩٶĲѣӰǰߵս£˾ǶԴҲǴȤһ·Ĵ壬һ·ɱ˵ء
ʵԭ˾ǲ֪һֵĿɽҲ·ŷ־Ȼһɽһźλʸפأµ϶ǹֵ۹·ֵһɽһǴ
Լһƴ˾ҲƻȻ°ٰû˾ɣ˾ǳķӣĹЩɽǸȫƻפصҲ˴롣
콫׷ʯ֮ϣʱ㿴ˮһĽɫãʯ֮ףףСʯҲԱ߾Է˽
ת۱һʱȥǽɫãȻԴԴϵȥûһҲ¼ɴһˣһߵС
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ѾûˡСЦֽƵĵط޸һЩ
Ŷϲù׿һۣ׵Ĳ֮ڼѾ壬ò˶ñȫָ̫ãȫ޸ãԺҲõġ
½״ϣתɽ֮ȥת֮ʣ⿴һǱ¶ʯȴڵʯѾû˽⣬ͨʯͷһ㡣
֪ȹֵ۹Щʯͨʯͷкθأка᲻ײǽ
磬ûǽҪײҲֻײɽС˵ţ̲סЦСħһЦ˵ɣԾսСͺٴǺиԵЦ
ӰŶȥ
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ѹû˽쿴һ۷ʤɱȥ
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кӰǺӼĴϣʵɲ⣬ҲϴӼļ˵ѳһٰʮꡣ
·ӦǳֹĺĺͷҲڡ
ð죬Ӱ̧ͷһۣղѾ˵ˣҶ˵˵ԵĿɣ


103 ԸռŲƵķ
㿴ңҿ㣬һһλͷվϣҾϷúеʤ۹һҲ͵õöռŲƷĸõػصȵҪͷʹá
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Ҳ޳峤˵һͷվ˻ܵǹֵ۹ҳ˾櫣ҾǺܿʤйأҪȻǳ˾櫶
˵ĿΪΣʤǷйϵǶáһĸߴĿĴվ
˽ռȻҹΪУȻãպΪںӰֵĶϳпռŲ֣ɱǣ
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һ˵ɫøء
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Ҫ֪󷨳˹֮⣬ǻ᲼÷󷨣һóɹͨ߸ƲһԼܲһ󷨣֮ܵ´򿪣ȷݡ
λҵһ취һȻڴ֮𣬽ţһϢ԰ռ
ɫһ䣬׷Ŵ֮ȥ
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ԭǻšӰһӣ¶һĨ΢Цֵ֪ʲô罫ŸҺӼˣ
ͷϻҲ˵ΪľǸղԸˣϳа취ԸǵĿռŲ
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ԣӰ˾˵ͷӵ֪ʤֿռŲʤȥ֮ǱйؿռϢȴʵ绪˵һ
֪뵽ʲô취ԸռŲٴʵ
ʮ֮ǰʦȥһʱ䣬֮̾ʵ̫ǿˣʵֻ˼ȣͬʱҲ̫̾˱Ȼֹռ䴫ƷƳЦʱʦ˵Ŀռ䴫ָռŲǸ߼Զλ͵Ŀռ䴫
еͷ˫һʱּ룬ȻһĿռ䴫ֹܷԸռŲƻô
Ȼ˵Ӱ¶һĨЦ⣬漴üͷƷӦòɣֵ϶ͣδǸ򡣡
۸Ȼͣ˵ҪǧʯϵĻû˵꣬·ľųϱʧʲôҪǧʯôҪôࣿ
Ҳѹ־ų𾪣Ҫֵ֪۹һҲֻһǧʯĴ÷ȥɣɷָڵյϵҲֻ飬ҪȫЩҲҪһҲʣʮ飬ǧ飬ǿҪʮĴ
Ӱһ۾ųϣųɫһ䣬֪Լʧ̬ˣŻϹ˹һǣϽ


104 صڷ
ϿһڳϣǺһЦǧʯȷʵЩ󣬵ֹֹռŲһֹ˵ֻҪװʯγһ޴Ĺ֣һбһ㣬ͬʱڹ֮ڵκ˶ʹÿռഫ뿪
˵ʵһε󷨣ȻûЩ߼һмȣûģԺʹֶһϣʵǧʯҲһ㶼ˡ
Ͼһʦһм󷨹ҪĲϾ͵һǧʯټ󷨵ĳͣûǧʯܲһм󷨣󷨻ƶ
һӼҵڳ໥֮һۣǵĿпԿǶЩĶˡ
һϼ޻֮ûмű¶ϺӰǿŻЦ˵ʵҺӼȻǹֵĻ壬һȺҪһǧʯЩΪѡ
Ҳǰп࣬ǵ໥˽⣬ҽȻˣȻҲֻһ仰ЦڼʦڱչأȨֻܶٿʯӴϾÿԣҽű֧ٿ顣
ķҲӼңֻҪһҽŵؼ⣬ҵй󷨵ϣøһ֡
Ӱ˼£ͷãǾô˵ˣھ׼ʯϾҲðʱ䡣
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˵ţ̲ס̾Ϣһֻϧսʯٶ̫ҽЩתΪһҪʱ䣬һٶȾͱͨ˱츳֮ˣһһͻƵʡ
κιص㡣СվŹ֮ͬõϣҲδ˵ҲӦ򻹲˶
⵹ҲǡͷֿһеĽվҡҡͷʵ֮ƿҲԽֲ˲ԣټСѲõģûҪôʱվ
ҲǡСҲͬҽʯѻãĻý֮Ҳֻ֮ǰǻͷµһ㣬ˣԺҲ鷳
վóȫۿʱ䣬ǳ׵󷨵ĿֲȻҲͻôͼÿһֶȹ
ܽȫգʵϱˣ󷨣Ҳ塣ţҲɣ۾Ŀ
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һ£Ӫ֮дԼһˣȫǰս֮֮⣬滹мɷǳǿϢһɴԼңϵĸ־ͳˣҲ˵ҵ뷨
Ϣƹ־Ӫһ·ٵѲߵĹ־ʿ׵ر㿪Ͽǰ쿴һۣ֮ǰǹʱϿµӻڣ´ϲ
ǰһץסӣɫ͵һ䣬ΪӿЩɫڹǰҲһʱ䣬ɹ֮£ܻɫ
ݡ
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ɫһԱһô֮˹ȥ
˸չʮֻ㣬ݺݵĶղվ֮أǴص˵


105 ۣһ
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ɱųɱѸΧ
ҵĽŲʶſһ£Էһңÿһ϶ɢһɱǾİս֮ŻɢϢ
֮⣬Ⱥʿ֮лһ֡
һȺս֮ѲɱүǲɣһӰܳ
ݡ뿪ǼƿٴֻսӿЩһӣսһƮһ̣սĺ֮£ԭ·ɻȥ
ã㡣Ϊ׵жӳɫ䣬һŭȣʱΪһãʮֻ䡣

ĲҽУжӳһӵø죬൹ɻɣȻʱҽϾһ˵ʵ޵ģչ˵ˡ
ȻӣҵҪ㻹ܲܵ¡һĨЦֻսӿˮһѸֱӿȥ
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жӳһֻɣͻȻеһļµĿֲϢŤͷһÿȭͷ֮ͻȻһ
ˡжӳ˵ӰԱһȥҲҺÿ죬һЩսʿɾ͹ˣʵǺǿȫǿϲսȡʤٶȻǷӦԶԶжӳ֡
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ˣǻ뿪ɡԱ쵱ͷС
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106 ۣ
ʱʹԴսԷһشǱû˳Цʱ϶˲ˣֻǱ߽ãִ֮˼ǡ
˵ţͻȻ뵽ȫСʵȫСɻ
ǲ֪ҡҡͷѾˣ⼸ִҲûʲôûлȥǱߵǲ֪
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Ѿ죬涨ûҲȥ档˵ţһСӳ˼䣬СӳһͷǶȥ
ӿҲ뿪ʱǴʳӳ֮󣬱ʤһ·ɱͨڷ·˸ǡ
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ս£ʤȴԵúǱΪڹֵ۹Ϯ־ٵļ壬Ӱǵսʹùֵ۹ҲٽСսǲϣڹڽڳǾѾ˶ʮֻҪЩٵһȶٽ
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ʤ֧Ԯֲ֮Ѿ֧ΧҪǲס
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Ѿɳ֣ڸǣھʮʸ֣֮⣬ҪҲźʸ֡ʵĴҪһֱʸפأֻΪ֮ǰһЩ£ʱ뿪ˣùлɳˡ
˵ͷ߰ɡ
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Ȼ˵ЩٿʱĿ֮ж˼ֹݣû뵽ǣȻ룬˵Ԫ˧ǾԱûԲ롣
Щľʿ㻹ͨһ㣬ӦȥͳֻҪ֤յԽȥûȥ֪ͨ裬Լ˽ȥ
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СڻˣЩӿɰǵĻˡһЦΪɺѾͷѾ˵ȥˣҪٲҿûˡ
ܻѾܲˡЦЦʵӳСаǻûУ
ӳСѾǰˡüͷһ壬ǰڻûл
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СھӪ֮Уؿ裬˵Сݺʣ϶һظᱻͻص۶Ŷԣû뵽춼
Ϊ㡣ЦС˵ûȥģΪ˸ҪЮλ׼ȥʣʵûа취ҲֻСʱסȥˡ
Ŷͷ뵽Сƽ£ҲһһȺû߶ԶһɰĽСӰ˹


107 ҵĲ²
磬ڻˣ櫺õ㡭Сһ˽ĻУû˵꣬ᶼߵһ
ⲻû𣿱ˣҶء˴͵Ŀ°СĨʱĶȫľٶֻñԿЦ
ӳû뵽˵ľȻġ迴ǽ챧ӵСһ͵صû뵽˭СȻ˵׽
˭֪ô£֮ǰһʱСһֱţͲҡȫҡҡͷһã
Сֻм꣬ҲһСŮڻʹ֮ܵǽһϣƽʱһǸģܶôû˵Ϊʲô¾СԼҲ֪Ϊʲôֻ֪һʱеܰȫ
С˼ǰߣСһСͣ⣬õ˸Ͳ岻Щһڹһľʿ޷˵ֻø
Զǽ֮ϣԴϢǿɫĮվĬĬؿ챧Сһĸ֮С
һһ뷢԰ף˿򶫷Դɵô죿Сܿɲʲô£ñ֪Сӻ鷳
жԣǶĳϣʱ۹ΣҲԴλ˷ֱж붫־Ƕ峤ϡ
Դûлش𣬶ǷʵǾСô
Գ˼£еıһ֮ġ
ش壬Ȼ֮ǰΪսӵԭ׷ɱȴû˶ɺǣǣ˹ִڵĸǺпѾֹ¡ص
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Ŷԣ˫һȫ򶫷־ԴɸǼɴʵ֪Ǵõģ
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Сӡһ뵽ȫӣԴɱεҡҡͷȻ˿ܲȫʵļ֮УϲľǶȫ
ֻΪһԪ˧һһӰȫ磬ԶڶȫʹõЩСֶαԺǳ⣬Ժ˶ЩķȡʤӵսܵӰ졣
öԴϲȫĻԸ񣬶ȫ壬ԸֱӦԲᷴڣҲκζֵ֮£ĿУҲЩֵҪ
ҿһʰɣԲĵص֪·ҶҵĵٻӲ١
ǾĳˡԴתŶԹ˹֣ٶԱߵ峤һֻЦ⣬漴ıǿЦȫżʱֵǳȥԼҵүˣЩʲô˲μӣڣΪ˱ù죬εã۵ĸ۾ǲڡ
˸ˣ˵Ļ˭ɣǶԴף˵ˡ
Ŷ淽һΣ־ǺһЦʵ²ôѲµġ
һͷĿȫס˶־ƺҪԵһ㣬־Ҳеͯһڴı鶼˽ǲ˵
ϣʱ˳Ѿ׼һʱ䣬ҿȥñȽϺʡԴһЦ˵Ļû˵꣬־ɫһ䣬ҲظôߵˣҿųϺܺʣʵǱչһʱ䡣
־ɲһһ굽ͷдʱ䶼ܣҪòţǱ˻ܡ
֪ԴԼ־ٳɣϽԼĲ²˵ȫ˵֮ǰִΧΣ֮ʱΪظܸ·Բƺż
һԿʱȫûпռŲģΣ֮£ܲʹá


108 Ԫ˧֮
˵˵ͷͬ־˵ϾռŲȻ󣬵ʤĴǾʲôˣȫΪ᲻һռŲԼ
һ£־ȫܵϮˣǱֵļϸץס˹֣ʱȫҲӦûеõռŲˡ
û˵Ŀתؿ
ٴαȣȻһֱһǰȥȹʱֿһֱһ𣬶ʱʸ֣ʮ֮½С˳
Ȼȫû˵еľǿ񣬱ʮְΧ˵ǵʵ˭ӵóһҪһʵС
ȫҡҡͷȻȫʵʵҲףȫ֮ǰˣʱûãʵͷӲ
⿿һ˸ܴôϽƽµĴοֵܹ۹ȥعʵôܲǿ
ȻǶȴˣѵǾǲô󣿡־Цʵ
Ȼܡ峤϶ҡͷȫʵʱ࣬طԽʵ˵Ҳܻô⡣
в⣬һд⡣־Ц룬ʱпռŲЩȻʵǿ󣬵סô
ԣпռŲ˵һȺһȺҲδǡԴɲǵ۹Ԫ˧־ôһ㣬ʱ˫۾šʱȫӴֻˣСпռŲǾֻˡ
һֱסҳǣȻûʹһֱоսʦҲпռŲΨһܱ졣
ѵ˵СӻһʦһĨϲĻо
ǣҲʦԴЦȻûеԺδѪ̹ȼߣǵѪ̹൱һǱضŴ󱳾Ի͹ֲһĻԻͣ򲻻ô߼Ѫ̹
ԭֻһ۵С壬񶫷ִȻмȥ˽ǣ˵֮£ȹȫ󣬶Դɱ˵ҡ
Ͼһ֮ȻʱûмȫƾƼҵĹϵԼλͳĺøУԪ˧͵ӡ
һҵҲ֪ȴ𾪣СȻȼ൱Ѫ̹Ҳô飬ǲ鲻ҵĳ
Ҳͷ˵սҲǳǿ󣬵ҵʤЩ꣬ȴһֱûʹôǿս֤϶иڽ졣
ȻˣҪҪھʸ峤϶ɻʵĻ£˱ͬʱҡͷס
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һдŸ£¸˵˵ԴɳȻ֮壬ЩΪϵʼҵ±֪ʹùûлӴԶŴԣ֮츸Żѡ
츸˭û֪һжÿԵһֱڻʹ֮УлԵҲദһʱ䡣
׵ôһĨɫ˾ǿûô˵
Ǹǣǻʹһж˵㣬˾ٲԸҲøšԴޱȰһ˧֮ϵصֻҪ˾ϣҲɱ󡣡
һͷɫһ䣬漴ɫص˵ͷ˷ֵֹ۹ĸ͵Ϯ֮⣬ҲΪɳĸ֣ʱԴλȻѾ¶ģȻҪȫ֧֡
һ£ԴϵϢһ͵˾Ҳֻ˾ϣ˾Ϸɲǡ
⵹ǡ϶¶Ц⣬漴üͷһ˵ҶЩԹҲһʵǸǣǱþһС
¾鷳ĳˡԴɵͷǲ֮ĶԹ뿪˸ǣҪôԸҶܣֻҪڸһ죬µıҾ͵κι˼ɣǼҪǰƴɱ÷ԼˣȫӭУԺ˭


109 ս֮
ĸƣʺ˼䣬뿪ֻʣȫٵȼرϤļˣȻСҲر죬ʱȴ˯һ㡣
˶Сͻ˯ȥܲ죬ҲûйѶʣֻǲ֪ʱСû˯ʶܵСС۵ؿŶԷ
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СһУ񿴹һСô֪ЩģҪ֪Ҳûзȫָˣȴû뵽Сһ۱㿴
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˵ʲôôܶԸвͼСβ͵èһӱ
Ϊʲôƭ磿СɻؿС
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һԺ׼׼ϢԴɱ죬ܿ첻˿ĵ
˵˵СԼķϢŶȫһԪ˧ȥ
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СԪ˧Ԫ˧һ
ض񡣡Դ¶Цݵν£һǸлξȫڶս֮¡
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ս֮¡˵ţɫ΢΢һ˵ûǲܵģ򶫷ԴҪϴҲǲϹصģ˼Ƭ̣ŴԪ˧
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սϴģûףҲ˺ܶ࣬ԭںڵͷѾһ롣
ʱ֡϶ʵʵ˫񣬾ûгͷһ㣬ȫʿţﻹʲô
ˡ
һԴɣս
սð˾ͼɱй֮ΪϽģ˾£֪ԴɱĮ˫а㿴ս
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ԣսȫһһֱܿлˡ
˵ţͻȻ̧ͷ򶫷Դɵˣ»һ󣡡
˵ԴɳֻҪΥ棬һ׼
˽ұӪսҲҪս֮ϡ
ΣԱߵ춼ɫһ䣬֮ǰ˽˾ӵӪǾеһڣ˶ھзǲ̷֮£ӪÿδսǶ嵽ǰ棬ΣգǱֱսΪֹ
ã׼ˡԴɵ˵ͷ
ˡսٴο򶫷Դɣ˺ð죬ŵѾ֪ˣһ˵꣬սһؿŶԴɡ
Դüͷһ壬һԱͷɢʿŵܹ֮ƾʮ꣬˶ƾͷ
ھУ˼ҵľĴɣҲǾӵĴɣˣ˭Ǽһɱһɴʱȴˡ


110 С
ϾսʮΪսֻһӣĿսź
ȻⲢҪԭҪԭǴʱϴλ֮󣬾ܲ˴Ѿˣ˼ȷװġ
һӣɱ벻ɱһ
Ƭ֮󣬶ԴŤͷһ죬ٶս֣Ťͷÿ죬ս˶Դɵ˼վߵǰԲӣΪ֮ǰǸѾΪΪ˴ۣһ
Ȼսӡ󲢲ã֪սҲһľˣվԼǰİҲЩѹ
ϴսĴսбݣܲ˴Ѿˡȫ죬˼ȷʵװġ
ԣŤͷһΪʲôһ͸оЩԾԭǷˣ˼£ת򶫷ԴɵԪ˧ˣҲΪ˴ۣһɡ
Ȼ˵ǾһɡԴɿľʿͻȥ˲Ű벽
ǡʿǡ
лˡսŶԴɵһлŤͷһл֮УܹǳĵڵлǷܣûһ˿Թߺޡ
ս˴ȥһ˵ζиսôȫΪĶӣԼȴûһΪԼ˼ȴôһ³
һĽӾʮ꣬һûзȴΪԼĶӲ³Ǻεȵı
ԭ컹鱣ס컹ǷˣԴξǳ飬ܷŹҪŹսǸܡ
˵սɲԸһ˴ɱȫҪȻȫҲ䵽־ʿϣƾһ㣬ԴɾĲ
⻹ϰٴǿȫɵģ˵ᶼûҵƾһ㣬Ҳ
սѺˣҲһ䣬֮еϢȴȻѹ֣˶û˵ֱƬ̣Դɲſ˵ƷɽƼţҾ
ȷʵˡͷ
ΪʲôûóԴɿ㽫ƼóٴĵҲҴ⡣
ֻƾԼʵھһΪЦ˭뵽顣
ѵУҶԴɾһֻϹϵĴԴһЦؿ죬õЩΣϽҲǸ˼ֻǲñ˵лѣֻҪҰƼóԪ˧ûչңֻҪ˳ɾͣڱ˵УΪչҵĽ
û뵽Ȼļ⡣Դصͷڻô
ȻͷξҾͲˡ˵ţ¶һĨЦһ¾Ϊأ
ǺãȻ±˵ǿϵģǾʹһͨľʿɺãԴ˵ţ¶ζЦ⣬ĿҲϵı仯ʧǣ첢ûʧı鷴ĶãлԪ˧ȫ
Դϵıһӽסˣԭֻ뿴ķӦϾֳıʵһʿʵ̫˷ѣôҲ䵱һжӳ
ȷû뵽첻ûʧ񻹺ܸһ㡣
ͷӣֵôֻһͨľʿԱߵĶȫˣֵ󹦣Ϊ۹⣬һôֻһʿǴˣҲ̣й֮
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Ѿ͵۹˴󹦣ʱƼҵ֧֣ҷҲûãĴҲܲ֡
һһԼֻһͨľʿȥȫĹ嶼ҪԴɣֱ̫̭ˡ
ɴʱѳڣҲͬˣΪһԪ˧ɽܸģ
ˣҲһʿסҲϽվ˵
ΨԱߵĶû˵ֻ򶫷ԴɵĿЩֻЦ⡣


111 
һʱ֮䣬ԴΪѣ֪˵ȥʱȴվŶȫлλĺ⣬ұһͨʿҡ
춼˵ˣȻ˵ʲôʱԴҲһô˵Ҫ
Դɱ㿴ͱĴӣ㰲š
ǣˡصĸƣ漴ֵܣڵСӡ
ֱʱ֪Ӹȥһֵܱ֮㲻ԸٵҪȥһСӳ
ֵܵĻ˵ͳԣ絽浱һСӳֵƴɱˬ졣
˵ҪԭǲԸӦģϾңȴȥѾҲûа취ֻȥһСӵСӳ
Ļ˵꣬˻ΪԼˡͳˣҪ˱ҵСӣҵСӱ£
ҿɲʲôˣԺҾµıýǴ˲ǡǺЦ
šҡͷڴǰĸҳʲôˡ
ֵǴʧɫı飬ҲΣֳʵǻۣһͨʿȷʵˣԪ˧ֲҲ
ҽˣҴߡһȣ֮Խ찲ŵֵ£ҲΪֵ֪ദ졣
ŵĸİСӳ£Է쵱һͨСԴǿɾ鷳ˡ
ۿ治ЦģֵҲٶ˵ʲôֻӲͷƤתȥǻûתٴζԺסԱߵķ䣬ķ䣬Ҳһ𣬻Ĳ㡣
Ԫ˧ǵֻģʵҲһɾʿǿ̫࣬һѵ㲢ûжİʵҲͨʿһսԺԲǵѵһһ𡣡
ǡѧŰǵӾһ񣬲ô׼ҲûƽϣǵУͲһС
˲ûдȥӪֱӴסĵطǵĻ˵ȥӪһʱĻҲֻñԿЦ
䲻ֻʮƽһŴֻһӺһӣȻ򵥣һʿ˵Ѿ㹻ĴֻСӳʹӳϾٵС
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һߣ˼սĲп֪ģһƴɱǾҲпսοȫһСӡ
һñУûɣ͵аףֻҪ˵ԴͲӶ̫⣬Сæֻ֣Ҫ֣̫⡣
Զõķأֻõ˽ŲΣա
뵽콫ȫóƬ֮ٴνȫüͷ΢壬˱ܿҪô̫ӣڵܹƵóģҪô󷨲ܹ
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СҲûٿ׼СߣϾԼҪסһʱ䣬ܶһ㶼Ϥ
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112 ӳ
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Ȼ컹δתһĮ㴫˹й涨оʿŶ׼֣ʱ׼սȻΥйأףãƴ
˾Ȼ˽ԴһСŮɸôԼ̣ˣ£У̣Чȡ
һŤͷÿһĸߴݸ㣬ŨüۣŴӳ׵ӹͭĴ۾ŭ
δ쿪ڽͣܳȫɢűϢĿʿ˹
ٶȼ죬Ҳݣգۼ㵽ǰûбŵСһ˵ֱץĲӣһֱץĸ첲
üͷһ壬Ҫץ֮ʣӰһһƣץ˸ա
ʲôûץţʿĿһ˶ֻ֣һʦһһСôӵùǵġ
λˡ쿴ǴӳͣǴӳᣬһȵȻҷ£ٸҷ͵ظɱ
ǡӳܳʿ˲ʣһȣ˹
ɱ
ЩʿܹΪӳսǵĳҲޱȣϮҪǸܲеС
λˣŵǣ֪ĹأҵҲûзһ߶ھʿĹһߴæ͡
ϾҪܳһʱ䣬һľìܣȻô룬ɶԷȴô롣
ǾȻ͸Ҵ޹ԱҵҪ˭ôĵӡӳɫˮȫɱţٸҷҾ͵ظɱ
׻˵˶ֻͣɶԷ䱾ЩԽҲŭˡ
úãȻ˱ңҲֻз㵽ˡ
һֱֻסСսһӿһְֻһһѴ˹ȥ
ϡ
һᣬƶһץסʿһŶĸ˹ȥ

һʹǾ֮£ʿɳȥһѶеһʿֱ۴̹
磬ǾʿܣһУһҽУŵҲڵأһȥ߷ɳȥ
սʿһĽãͬʱһҲŭǣĿȻǻеС
ŭһһΪһĺ⣬Ǿʿ˹ȥʿӦܿ죬һоľٶǰһ뽫䣬ϧٶȱĶһ֣õ˿ա
һ̣ھʿǰһݺݵĴ̽塣

Ĳҽ𣬾ʿǿĳŵɳȥһֱɳʮףѪֹȴûȥΪһûдҪֻǴļ
ȻĽСǷŭҲףɱˣôӪҲݲоʿ¶Ὣɵ˿
ʱһѵֻͻȻǰԱһ̶Ľȴһߣݺݵʿĸ߷ɳȥ
ۿԼ˲䱻ܣӳŭɶһŭСҴҵˣҾֽ͵
ݡ
˲ʣһ̣һȫȻǰ
鼱֮£˫һŵ棬ȻˣͬʱȫսȻȭͷۣ֮Ҫ֮ʱһȭݺݵĺȥ
սҰ
սӿΧȻۼǿֲٶõΧĿγһ಻ˮ
գۼ䣬һ޴ͷ۶
໡
һͳŴǰȥһ·пеգΪһݡ
á
ǳŭһ·Ϊտеֲ̫γɵˮܵǿֲϢ´ӳɫҲ䡣
Ȼղų̫Ĵ֮ǰҲû˿Ԥףû뵽ʹ˿ֲսŭϮǰ岻ûܼʱͣºˣΪǰĹϵգۼ߱㵽һ
ǹն
鼱֮£ӳֻûӽ𣬶ŭһΪ̫һûü㹻㲻ò


113 
䡭
׹ǹ⣬Ŵӳһӣݺݵŭͷϣʱزǿ񱩵籩һʶӳȥ籩ݺݵĺϣʱõɳȥ˸أֱѪ
á
Ϯ籩ɫһ䣬Ͻ˫סеСһתԼıס籩
磬㲻ùң˺ҡСƺģ˵ʱѾתһжˡ
һɾ˲ϣõһڵɳȥȫҲǴʹһֱɳԶͣ¡
磬쿴ȻЩͻȻСľ·ڵѪеСȻһƵӿȥ
𾪲ѵǣԭЩΪսÿ񱩵һ櫵壬ȻգþһֻֻСһ˳
ôһ𾪵ؿСʵ櫣ûоʲôʵģ
СգգǴ۾ûаֻúδй
ѵЩ֮ûͻٴʵ
ûСЦҼҵЩֻҪ˲櫣ֻǲ֪ô£ҸеδйȫЩȵġ
⡭üͷһ壬Ҫ˵ԶĴӳ籩ŭҰޣų˹СȻڶԳٳ֣첻ˣͲ֪ʲôо顣
ס֡ӳδǰԶ㴫һϵŭ𣬿ɴӳûᣬȥ
δһ϶ϵӰǰӳУɻԪ˧
һӳȻͣ£ǰĶԴɣһĨ⣬µ¼Ԫ˧
һ۴ӳֿһ۲Զ죬Сû£ԴһӳΪһӳȻھӪ֮ͬԴ򶷣пɻо
ӳɫ΢䡰Ԫ˧ϢŭǹӾ˲ûдװǱһھӪг֣Υ֮£۾þܹϢȴȻĳִҵűƵҳ֡
ӳʱ֪ĺСϾС⣬Ϊʵԭ򣬵۹֪һС˲٣֪һֱһСŮҲֻĴĸ߲㡣
󳤶ھֻв٣ڼ֮УҲֻв㣬Ը֪Щھ֮У֪Сݵȫ˽֪СݣҪ֪ղžȻŹ֣´ʱͲֱ׳ˡ
ֵܣû°ɣӳ˵䣬ȫҲ˹һ죬˱㼱ʵ
û¡ҡҡͷЦһССѣöˣɱɱкξ塣
⵹ǡȷʵû£ٹһЦ֮ǰڹֵ۹һβʮһɱǺ޻֮
ʲôӦǴ̼ȫʾصʱʸֶ˾ǵǺüˣǾ͸ˣҺֵܲһĳˡ
һԱЩľһĪĿⶼˣȫ˭˭˭Щͨʿ֪ܲЩô֪ܲ
ǧս֮ǧֵֵ۹ʸִʮս֮ջһʸ֣öԷʧս֮ھӪ֮дһ˵ֻΪһꡣ
پ͸˵ˣ˵һһڹֵ۹ɱ־ٵļ壬ȻֶЩӣȴɹҹ־ùִҴٽɹǣǣʤ׼ʱ䣬˵Ԫ˧Ѿ۹ϱвμӵľʿпܱ
ڶȫǾ͸˵ˣ⣬˵һ겻鱨ʱ͵Ӫξ
ڿ⼸ھӪľȫмѣٵ˸ǳΪӣĻ²ݡ
ѹָӳ֣ԭͷô󰡣
ӳ鷳ˡ
ûװҲΥǵľ棬Ԫ˧ξɭϣӳҲԾ£Ԫ˧Ӧòᴦ
һʱ֮䣬оٶ۷׷ףһȺСȸһ㣬˭˵˾Ͳ˹ңʵҲˣҲкĵġ
ΧԴɫһϵĿھٵһɨ֮Ȼֹ


114 ھеĵλ
ֿ׶ȫ빫ˣһܵԴɵĿ⣬ϽͷȫȴûпһҲ죬û˵
ջĿ⣬ԴɿӳͷάͲû
˻һõôӳɫһϲȴɫ΢䣬Ҫڽ֮ʣԴٴοڶŴӳϣ㲻Ҫھ֮д˽ģǹҵľӣΪ˱ңƽܵйϮţκθ˶Թô򲻹˭㱳жĿɽҶ
ӳɫһӱòҰףѾԴɵľ֮⣬Ͻ½ġ
סͺáԴصͷ죬ͳںڷ»˹ʣɱִ֮ˣͬʱҲ칫ٵˣڹֵ۹ƻɹǣƹִ׼ʱ֮ˡ
ӹָϵǸǣһ·Ϊľǣֵֵ֣ҿһ·Ϳ࣬ƣϢϢ˵еСŮڹ־ھµһʤĺӣ޴ȥʱסھӪ֮С
ڵûüȡװûʱѧϰ棬ϾΥǵľ棬ҾҸô
Ԫ˧ԭΡ١ﱦɵֵľʿȫţȫҲǶ飬Ҳ֮ȷʵΪ֪飬Ҳȫ顣
Ԫ˧ԭ졣
ھٵĹ£оʿҲ֮Ĳһ˸߹һˣǲϵĻصš
ãȻҶ飬¾²Դףʿѹȥ
һۣԴûٶ˵ʲôԶȥ
˶飬Ǵӳɫˮ˫иԹɫԴɸߣҲתȥʱ˵أ˹һ㣬ȥҲǶˡ
ϴǸܵ顣
лλ֮飬ġ콫Сڵϣھٹֵлھæֻ񣬷׷׳첻ؿ
ڹپ໥䣬Ҳ뿪æѵȥˣֻжȫ衢١ﱦɺֵܵȼΪϤ
ղۣҵӵܡ͵鷳϶Ѿ֪ݡ
Ȼѹһ·Ȼܶ˿ҵĿⶼܹ죬ȴҲû鷳һ˵ΥͣҪңԭ֮ˡ
˵֮ʱüͷȫЦİɣҶ壬󲿷ݶҶˣֻкһݣֻӳͼжӳԼҸһûС
Ŷ˵Ĵ˶вھ֮Уôֻôһ㡣
ĴԼȷʵвھְ֮ӻԶΪģΪ֮䶼ŶԹΪ˱ھ뵽ӵս˶ԾڵжԼƿصľְ
͵иǱԶΪľĳɣҲǶүӵĵϵѧľֻвĳɣȫɶ˵㡣
ԼΪƼңϱߵԪ˧ҲǶҵһλϣȻľٶ岢ûиǶ࣬ҲԶΪһֱһ򣬲ĸطĸƹţĳɵľٲƹ߼壬ҲǷֹƹܼġ
Ȼóȥפڵ۶ΪĽȫ˾ƹܵģҽҲǵ۹ΪǿľӣͨľʿҲﵽȫ˾ЧңЩ浱
ôûеƼƹܵıȥؿƼƹܣ˵Ӧø׷չǡ
ҡҡͷˣһĵطȻиƹܣҲٱģٵÿžһ˭Υ˵ǣԪ˧ڽʱҲֻһͨľʿȫǿžһλá
ʿΨһƵıڽʱʵǿڳڸǴﵽжӳ֮ûôˣͳ죬о߳ɾ͡
Ԫ˧ǲһ˿ʤεģҪдֹۣҪû˽ģҪзḻľս飬Ӧսб仯ҪоʿŷţҪﵽЩôף˵ɣھҲźüͳ죬ȴûһܹΪԪ˧
ԣ㲻õۻٰ㣬û˸ˣıᱻֱӴʱļ嶼˵ʲôȫЦ


115 Сı仯
šͷȴô룬֪ܶҲкܶðգ޷Ǿ棬ֻҪ湻󣬾ͱض˸ðա
֪ȫıǲܲģҴսһ˭˵˭ΪһӳŪһͨʿ̫ˡ
ҲЩͨʿҪǾ͵׼¶һĨɭȻЦ⡣
صסĸƣȫ˱Ҫ뿪Ϊ٣ҲźܶҪһֱ졣
л빫֡˹˹֣¶м
ֲǣҶȥˣΪʲôֻлˣȫ۽¶һĨ֮ɫ
һЦҲûйĽͣʵл˽ΪƣղŶȫ빫˵ڹַʱͺҫʵڽߴңô֪첢һľʿ
򵥵һ仰Ǿڸƣҵʱ컹λ˸ƽ֤ǿټ˵Ļ˾Բлɡ
ֻ˭û뵽˰ƣ󶫷ԴɾȻҲƣ˶֪˭ɹʲô£Ժ󼴱ҵӳ鷳Ҳôˡ
ֵܹȻʲô¶㡣ȫһЦ컳еС˹ֵǾˡ
߰ɡС˰С֡
ȥ췢СС˵ģһƻһ㣬Ͻʵ櫣ûǲǸղյЩ岻ˣ
Сüͷһ壬˼Ƭ̣ҡҡͷûвȫЩȣѪҺӿ١˵ţǽ׵Сָͷ˴°ͣһɻص֣ǰôûأ
㿴һסСС֣һս壬еֲǣսսС壬˲ʧ
СһУɫһ䣬ʵôˣ
ҸеڵѪҺøˡСҶǸС
С򣿡һصʲôСôС򣿡
Ҳ֪Ҽ𣬶һС򣬲ʱСѾܶ࣬ʺʦ˵һյͼСգŴ۾졣
򣿡˼һ£ʱˣ˵֮Զؼ壬ӣյԽԽ࣬ǰ컹֣֮֮ǰľ뵤ﶼûпЩʲôطأ
ԭǵĶγһЩ
磬ٰսעһЩҵ֮аɣСһؿ죬ղѪҺٵĸоӴ̫һ㣬櫻Ҫ
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컹֣սһС壬СڵѪҺͻõǹСһ㻶
磬ҺȡСͻȻڣŷִʱСȫͨ죬һ̿һ㷢̣˫ɰĴ۾΢Уü춼û˯һ㡣
һϽôˣĲ
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һ콫СڴϣԼԱߵһ
üӿսڵսУڵʵ̫ӦԲ˸飬ǻ۵ĺ󱳣ղȻԻһУû·磬ֻԼʵԶӳ
ҪС£ʱˡ
һڵսϴΰԾǿнʵþ뵤ﶼܵһˣеҩʱ֮£Ѿãһн
ȡڳΪʦ¶ģҲٳɣ£


116 Դɵļı
ת۰ȥٴ컺ۣ¶һĨЦ⣺ֽһ󲽣Դٶȣͻû⡣
ţֵһЦվ죬ϴ㽫һ׵Ҿ֪һæȥװֵܾͰˡ
ллӹװûԱߵϣǸҽеĹذɣҪסȥܲʲô֪
á˽£˵еĹ˵Ҳ࣬˵Ҳ٣һЩסӱİ˽ǴŹӱѵһٱޣȻûá
ֵܸ˵˼ʮأľйصɭ֮⣬ҲǸεļס
硭СͻȻۣϽ߹ȥ䱧ϸļһСѾָԭһ
˯˰죬ȥԵ㶫ɣĵʵСͷЩˡ
ˣԪ˧˵СﲻʳǵʳԸ׼רŵʳЦ㻹ǰͻȥɡ
õġͷСԪ˧ȥ
սԪ˧ԴɸСһĴܳԭ컹Ϊʲô£һϲԭС춼ûԪ˧֪׼С
СȻСԺܿ㽫׼õʳ˳СƺĶˣ˺üڣŷԱߵûڵ磬Ҳ԰
Ҳԡ΢΢һЦСͷðɣҾԼԡ
СԶľȷʵˣҲûʧʼҵķ緶ϸʣһСһСڵĳţԶģ̫ɰˡ
ʱȫڹֵ۹ʱˡ
ôڲųԶأһˬʵſŤͷһ־ȻǶԴ붫Ͻվһ񣺡Ԫ˧Ԫ˧
ҲﰡԴЦضﲻǾӪ͵ĳɣ
ǣԪ˧һ˰ٶõöԴɺͶЦ
׸ղŶ˵ˣﲻǾӪͲضˡСֵܣ˽¾ͽһɡ
쿴ǿЦǺһЦ硣
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ǵġͷ֮ǰ˵һʦԭЩ棬ȴû뵽ȻǶԴɡ
»صʤʱʱһֻһԪ˧±ˊ櫵ʦԴɽһ䣬㲻ٶ˵ȴо⻰к⡣
ԴɱһС㽫ŻȥԼԷһԣ飬ûʲô飬˶ֻһЩǰ顣
ǰôģΪʲôսԩ֮Ȼûз뿪֮Ϊʲô뵽ǰֵ۹
Щ⣬춼һһ˻ش𣬶ĻشƺöԴ˺⣬ʱ˵á֮ʡ
һֱĵСѷ꣬ߣԴɳĬһ£һ컳еĹʵСһֱô
˼һ£ҡͷʣϾǾӪһŮܲ㣬һսҲûоȥ
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ʱ챧ڻеСƺҲ˻е˼ҡͷҲ뿪磬Ҫ
櫹ԣǾӪҲǾʿʿҪ̵ģһǴûչ㣬ΣյġȰ˵
櫣˵ûһսǾҲ˲㣬ΣյġԴҲʱȰ˵ò˶ãⳡ̱꣬ʱȥ۶ġ
ôŤͷ죬ڴĿ⣬쵱ͷģһȥ㡣


117 
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ԣԴ붫϶¶һĨϲҲǺģľӪ֮УһСŮȷʵ̫ʡ
С⣬ټصʣڹֵ۹Ѿ֪˵ٴδ⣬Է˺۹ǿɳʱĲ롣
òײŽСһٳʲô£Դû취½
õСĴӦԴһ뿪ˣһֱССҲǳĶ£֪ҪҪѧϰû̫ʱȻæԼģùֻҪСһͿˡ
СҪС浹ҲǺ鷳ֻҪСףʶܽ׵ռ䣬С죬ʱС˯һ㣬š
֪Сһֱܹµԭ뵽С֮뿪úõȴû뵽Ȼ˵Ķ£С棬Ҳģ㽫Сڴϣ׷ߣԱ
׵ռ֮УСţСһʵ櫣˵Ϊʲô˸ս巢ȣȫѪڣڵ򶼱궯أ
Ҳ֪ԻҡҡͷǰûгֹҲ֪ô£
֣ôأС˫˼Ƭ̣ͻȻ˫һ˵ǲǸս˵սͬ
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ôʲô֪أССüͷ塣
Ҿǲ֪СС
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ԣСһ֪صôԣ
Сϰ죬û뵽취ռﲻϵŲӣǽģжɰ
ͻȻ֮䣬ֻС͵һ̧ͷ˫۾ܵСǰҪĹɣ
С춼һԲȦðҡͷҲСʱʾ͸˺ܶ๦ʧˡ˵䣬С֮һĨȻһȻֻʮ꣬Щ׿ǵĵģôʲô֪ء
Ҳģֲֹ㣬˭ôʣСοС䣬ͻȻ˵ҲʧôΣԣʧҲûʲôɹˣһԸһϲ
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С֪СصҿǸ۰Сô֪ܲĹأ
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ҲǣҲ۰櫣춼ңҴûп㣬Ҳ۰櫡
㡭Сŭˣŭˡ͸˯һǸ۰С
㡭ҲˡСˣ۾ð˾Ө֮⣬Щ꣬Ϊİģһֱڻʹ֮УûнӴˣĸ֮⣬ҲǶԴʦȥ죬֪ģ׽쵱Լ֮ˡ
ҲܺãһԴȻȻģģһֳù¶֮ĸ鱩ԴʱС׽ѣĳ谮֮Ҳŭˡ
СˣСϽǰסǸ櫺˰ɣ
ԣС¶ЦݣǴ۾䣬Сֲһ䣺ǸС
СЦݶʱסˣʱСٴν͵ԺǸ櫣ǸС˶Ǹġ
룬Сͷã櫣СǶ
ǶСصͷС£ڸǧܸ߸磬ܸ߱ˣ϶Ĳң˵ͻҹصԶóȥ
ŲءСһЦԲš


118 ս
㻹ţɻˣǲ֪֮ǰںڽɭһջƵļһһ߹粻æȥһȺܣõǸջƵļһȫˣֻʣһˡСһӵĵ
ҲŲġСЦôˣ϶Ҳ⡣
㡭СŭɶСһֱ׵ռ죬ֱɫѾ磬СѣŽ
գһͷղԾоʿɫɱɫҴңסһʿʵλֵܣǲǹִˣ
ոյõϢִڼϾӣԪ˧ѾоӼϣʱ׼ӭСǾʿҴ˵һ䣬תˡ
üͷһ췵ӣͨʿ״ϣžӪɱȥߵſڣ㿴ҴҶһ֮²֪֪ͨġ
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120 
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122 ƴ
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ɶһϹͷ־һЦӰų㼲ȥ


124 ˷ܹȵ޴
ִ˧֮У޴һȺͳվڴˣųǽϵԪԴɵˡ
Դɣҿ㻹ʲô취޴һЦݵĵ
Ԫ˧ӢʮΧѾȫڿֻҪʤȥԮľɽկǱǧ¸ǡһͳ˵ţһתԴϼ޻϶׿ŵġ
áһͳһصֻҪľɽկǾһ³ǣֻҪΧסǡ
ûľɽկյصķأǵľӱֱӽʤӦԪ˧ʱ׽ЩΧԪ˧Ĺ־ʿȫˡ
ԭ֮޴µһıǴǣʤҳһ棬ԪԼһǧǰȥľɽկȻشҪжǳѣֻҪǵľӱƹǵʤء
ʱǸܵУȴǵֻ·һ
µĻ޴¶ɫıҲΪļıõùֵ۹λΪġ
Ԫ˧һǿߡһͳָŷĶ־޴ȴû˿ĵģϸ¶мɫ
һ̣һ
ҪǣҲǲС
һӰԹ־гֱ嶫־ȥƬ̱㽫־
ȥｻǡ˾Ҳ˳˳
˾ɣëҶҪúˡһŭ𣬽ִй־֮гϢǿӰ
ԭǺë˾ɹЦϴӵܿûôˡ
˵䣬˾ӰһΪһ⣬ź±˹ȥ
˫ĴͲû˵ģϴ˾ǼΪСֵܵ۹տʼԷ׷þɽϵҰӣǺòײűܿЩ׷ǵĹָ֣˺ػĿɽ˫һնɱ˶ԷһʣҲЩˣһ·׷ӵ˽ڳǣ˾Ҳǳһڶ
ǳȴǷŭѣʣʱǱ
ٿ˾ɣôܵˡ
һϣս˲䱩˭û֣ͺɱһ㡣
ˣ˫ĸһϣ׷׳֣һʱ֮䣬ʮʸڰմòɿս棬ԭƽĴغһӡ
Ǳĺ羪һ㣬ÿһ𣬴ض΢΢һ
ֻϧ޴ƺˣʤ۹Űʸ֣ɹֵ۹Ǳȴֻоʸ֣õȥԮǵĶ־Ѳ
ϵĴս޴¶ЦݣȻⳡսδնɱԷʸ֣ⲻҪҪǣסǣǸ޷뿪ʱľɽկҲǡ
ԴɣҪҲһҼǵʮûн˰ɣ˭͵ˡ޴һ˷ܵؿŶԴɡ
һԴЦΪһ˧úָӴȻŸ˼޴£㲻±Цһ£
޴¹ЦʲôµģԪ˧ͬʱҲߣ֮˭Ц
һ£޴¼Դɣ鱨ϵͳǻۣڣӦò²ҵͼɣ
ߡԴһߣû޴¡
˵޴ٴιһЦǲǻҵ۹ڵҵĻ쵰Ϣ
⻰ԴɺԵĶһ㶣֪޴⻰ʲô޴¿Ǳı仯ΪԼˣԵø˷ܡ
οҪʧˣ޴һֺʿǹǹ֮ϣԶͷ
ԴɣӦʶɣ޴ָͷŶԴЦǱʤɵҹֵ۹ҵĻ쵰ڱҹĸֻɱô㿴ǲǺ𾪣ǲǺż
ԣԴɺͶɫ΢΢һ䣬ʱĶȫüͷһɻشͷڹֵ۹ҵͰ⣬
ѾȻʧȥϵֵ֪۹ǲץסģΪĿռŲ
޴¾Ȼ˵ѱɱˣͺ˷ѽˡ
ȫͷʱüͷȻɿ¶мЦݣȻҲһ뷢԰׵ߺһ꣬ûа⡣


125 һ˲
ȫЦݱ֣ʵСܣЦʲô
Ц޴»һԪ˧Ȼͷƭǣѵ֪ܿЦôȫЦ
ǲǰ⣿ʵûм⣬ԸͲʶտʼΪǰⱻֵ۹ץˡ
ȷʵûа⡣ûȶȫش𣬿һͷĶԴɱЦһֱҳǣ˲֪һ֪ģйһ֮Եڻǵò
ڴʱ޴¿ԴûΪǱˣٴδغҾ֪ѾµҵͼǲǺżǲǸеҲ¸㣬ɳľ롢ɽկ˽춼ڣ⿿һǣҿ㻹εң
Ҳѹ޴»˵˷ܣҪ֪ҲǴͨʿһλã붫Դһӵġ
ʱ˶һ˫һ̾ϣһ˶ԷˣǱԼ尵ǵĸ־ߵġ
֮˶ס˶ԷҲʱʼһֱǳΪԹҵĴԪ˧ʱڶʮǰ°ٴΡ
ǸӮ˭ҲûռˣⲻźҲǶԴɵźԭڵȥһӶӮ˶Է
ϾڶһĴԪ˧ƹŸԹҵľӣһǴľǸҵǸԵĹҶ˼꣬ʵҲ£Էܡ
ȴû뵽ι׼ʮ֮úڵᡣ
֮ǰΪڹֵ۹ңЩٶ磬õҷſֽŽϾٿɹϵսָӣҲǾʿʿԴٳ⣬ֱӾþӵս룬ðա
ۿһ£ڻûץҵʤߣʤȴ첼úãʮ׼Ҫһȴû뵽ǰ۹˴Ϣڵ۹ҵʤѾץһͷ
޴´ϲյ۹ҪھӪ֮УͷھٵڰҲʼýʤķ
ε۹ƺ˾ģҪһʤͷ֮ʣĵǧǾеľ񣬱ֻǧսϿԵʹá
ۣǸû⡣
ֻôû뵽ʵûץҵʤߣηץʮﷸɱˣͷ
ֵ۹ôҲǱƲѣҲϣʮ׼Ϊ˶ʧܣǼ죬ǷҲûټңǾͳôһơ
һΪ˰ھ٣ʿʿ
ҲǱסֵ۹ӣҪȻ鴫ʤֵ۹ô壬ǾȻûܽץסֵ۹Ҳ̫ˡ
ֵ۹ǵȷʵǼ£ҵļһѾҲûнʵ޴£Ǹû뵽޴»ὫͷԴɿ
޴Ԫ˧֪ͷƭ£ǵͻˣû뵽Ȼ˵ȡǵͷԴɹЦ治޴Ԫ˧Ȼְ취Ҳ簡
ԣ޴µĴЦԴɣ㲻ϾͲϰɣҲǿͷڴˡ
޴£㻹ǴԪ˧ֵ۹ˣʹõսһ޶ģҪǴʱٻص۹Ҷ㡣ԴһЦ
ŶԴϵı飬޴ɫһһӳΪͷģܵĿ⣬ӳɫһ䣬Ŀҿ
޴Ļ֪࣬뵽ղԼڶԴǰǵӣ޴ͻȻһֳʺĶĸС
ߡؿŽӳһ޴ٲ˵
޴ƣעȥԮ죬ΪˣȫڳǽתҲû˿İ취ֻﰵϣǧ¡
ߣĬ֮£ս㣬ϵسɱţһߣ֮Ĵսȴ
ֻһԪȴǰ֮⣬ֵ۹һͳ죬Ȼһֱû˵ʾڡ
˵֮£˫ŶսУٱϱһױΪ룬ıһɼǵ˺ۡ
ȥɡԪףΪһĺ⣬Źٺ󱳱ݺݵ¡
ܵϢɫ䣬ҪӽһͳֵǰĺɢļµϢֱٵԴõùٲòֵԪ죬ӽԴͳ졣
ϡһԴϵһǾ޴ѹڵأͳ첢ûоʹ˷֣ѹڹٵ֮ϡ
ܵԪԽԽһƬ


126 ǿƻɱ
û뵽ջҵϰɣԪ¶˷ܵЦݣϴαٷ֮ͶԹһҪɱȴû뵽չԸԳˡ
ԶԽٱһͳѹţãܵãĴʹУɫҲһƬҰס
ԽԽԪϵЦҲԽԽŨ
໡
ͻȻ֮䣬Ԫ챳һͳ֮һɿֲɢõԪϵЦȻ̣һ̣ȻϾҪڹϵһգŵԱ߶ȥ
ͬʱһֱѹסٵͳҲɫ䣬ٲѹƹ٣ӰæԱ߶ȥ

һſֲѹڹǰٻûзӦ㱻ץס첲ڿնȥ
Ǹڵ۹ҵĻ쵰ʹķսԪȹ־ȫĿת˹һ˫˲ͨ졣
ڹֵ۹˽һ£ҹĵǸĻ쵰ܵǼڳǳȥϾЩٶʲôûЩǳ֮УûʸʵϮǸ͵ֵס
Ϊǵעһע⵽ϣһ̣һȫ˵жӳ˵ΧѸźȥ
׷ǻ쵰ӵԪһŭ𣬹־Ǵųɱ˱׷ȥ
䡭һֱɵʤ֮УеĹٶʤʿӰȻһתһ㣬ųĹ־ǶԳȥ
һٶ̫ϣʱӦܲǣ˭뵽Ȼ
ʱй־ȫɫ䣬ϧղΪӵǶǽٶ죬ڶԷһԳ壬ܶԷѳǵǰ
Ԫͳ첻ǰǵķӦ˿˲٣ۿѵǰȻǿֹסԱѸգۼ䣬ѵ֮⡣
첢ûǣٶȣ˲ЩʵһЩľǰΪ˵ˣżýϽľٱȥ
á
ǼٿӰԽԽһʧɫǸûжܵʱ䣬Ѻݺݵĺмһľϡ
䡭һʯм볾ĴͻȻֲĴߣѺķȥ
ΪĿ籩ʶ֮ľҰ˲仯ΪУЩֵ۹µľٻ˲ȫѪɳȥϵĸȻһЩǿ֮£ҲǿѪͣ¡
δɢһһһ̣ѳһ˵ǰĽã䲱ӱ˹ȥ
ͫһɫ䣬ȴκεķӦһ̣òһʶѿʼɢ
һ֣ûͣԱһĹپȥȻɱʱע⵽죬ȴܵ˸أӰԱ߶һףѵǰһ̽š
ʱ籩Ѿɢֻڵһ޴ӣΧźüʵĹ־ڰš
ɱ񲻶ϳһ٣оٶϽӵԶӡ
סԪһŭ𣬼ĴӳжӳѸʮϵĸֱ£Ҳòͣ£ʱȫһɫ֣ȥһˣ۾û¶ȴӰ
ֵģΧԪ˶ֱüͷʵڲףεʲô
˵Ļΰɣָǣ˵װɣȫһ
ŪףԪҲţǼ⣬һŭ𣺡ɱΪֵǱ𡣡
ɱһŭ𣬴˷ӽ㣬ɴʱԷΧţͶ޿ɶ㡣
䡭
ԪӰ磬ȻıӦһѺݺݵĺ䱳ǿֲĳõǰ׷ɳȥ
ʱǰľһɹȥ˹ȥ
ۿвϷŴ󣬿ƲסԼ壬ֻܿԼϡ
ϡ
֮ϣȴǲ⵲ţô޷ٴ̽ȥɻ֮ʣȴһ⣬һ
һ̣һĻζʱɢһһȫ㴫һС
ԱپԱһӡ
ϡ
סҲǹź󷽱ȥ


127 Ϯ
Сģǵźǿķ֮ҸƲˡһ˿ˡ
ʱסҲܲסǷڵѪ۵һ³һѪ
϶ǼϣǺҲҪԪ˫۾ؿǵ⣬о˷֮ɫ
һ޷ƿ֣ʵԺʸ֮⣬˭
Ԫ뵽ˣԱߵһͳҲ뵽ˣ֮⣬Ҳ뵽ˣжӳǶһֵۣĴ㡣
ϾֻȲ˵Ԫͳ죬ЩӳҲǸ֮
ԣǱ֣֣µЩСӳҲ֣Ҫ֪ΪеľСӳǵİһж˳ܶࡣ
жӳע⣬ʱԼ¿ǵľٶҲԪͳ췢֡
жһĨ֮ɫٿʱɱ⡣
ҲûɣŸԵ¿ʱȻ˵ĹȴûиɶΣգΪǵľûзϣǷھۼϡ
Ȼֱ˼ϵĽסЩ־ҲǳСģĵʹҲûа취Ϯ֡
ǴϼȻûд̽壬Ǿ޴ȴõ˲ˣʱɫҰףﲻϵѪŲЩġ
Զ˻ŵĹ˿ﱻֵ۹ΧҲǽݣֻϧʱҲǿ֮ĩ޷ȥæ
ӳȥˡǿϵˣ£Žǰȥ
ɫһݣעҪǾ˵ʲôҲûʲôµģʬǵǿȴֵܸҳȥˡ
ˡһŭڹٵĴ£ʿЩʤʿŹڳȥ
Ҫȥ˵ľٶʧɫϧĻû꣬Ԫһߣжӳɱǡ
ǡжӳȥӰһ嵽ʤھʿǰһӣʿûӦ
쵰һŭ𣬻һжӳȥ˵ʵ࣬ȴˣ·磬ҺʣµһжӳϽȥ֮£ǿǣסֵ۹жӳ
ͬʱ˵ĹҲһжӳϾҲȻ֮ǰ˲ᣬǣһû⡣
ֵǣҳ尡ȫѪİŭ֮ھʿһȺеȺ˹ȥ
ֵ֮۹İս֮Ҳ׷ɱǸܣֻųȥԼ쵲һ
˾ô򵥡ֻҪõǵϿɣΪҲԹ޻ڣǵõϿ֮ˣ֮ǰһ֮⣬֮ǰĴš
첻˱սݺҲҪִΣսֵ۹ϮЩ־ټ壬ΪǣƶԷȡ׼ʱ䡣
Դʱ֪ǵʵЩֻΪ˸촴ᣬҲԩ޻ڡ
֪ǷľٶһִӳһӰһһԲνã֮ϼ

ĲҽʮʿնһЩ˸жûнһĵ£ǷѪһĴ䣬ѡ
쵰ס֡һŭӰӳ˹ȥϧճֵ۹Ĵӳסȥ·
һȥɡӳ磬ֱϮ죬ǵ뷨ػһϾȻ޷壬Ǿ޴ĳȴ塣
Ȼû뵽ǣû˿ãǰٶȱø죬˾һͷɫ磬գ۱Ҫǵײһ
ȥһŭȻ⣬ִӳʶĻӽȥǵǽһȻը졣
䡭
ȻΪӳɡ

ҽڿ֮ȻǿҲѪڣȴûᣬӰ磬һͷǿ֮С


128 
ܿɢ¶ӳɵ˿֮ʱͫһһ㣬ʱϵѾټҲʧǱеǰһƬѪģͺ˸һ㣬ͷؿš
沿û׵ıʱ촽ʧֻʣһŰɭɭ黹תģĶɣ˶ʧɫ
ʱʤھʿĴӳҲӳͫһоǾۿǶģ뵽ӳĲ΢΢һϽԶɱȥӳӽҲը
ֻ֪ǣղöǺΪΣնرöڵƶɡ
ϾҲ֪ΣأȻſռŲǶҲҪһʱ䣬Ȼǵʱ̣ܶʸͻȻϮԷȫ֮ǰɱ
ԣ׼öѷԱʱ֮裬ֻϧڵ̫磬ڵʵ޷ڿ֮ʱȫƣԳɹЩ͡
ڵÿһöĶֵʮңһӾûˣҲ᲻ãϾһöڵһ붼ߡ
ʹõͨڵ֮ǰĴڵڵΪֻƶҩ;ޣԼֵߡ
ͨڵǶװ֮ϣװĵȼֵǳߣЩڵʮ
󳤶һˣ뿵͹پжӳҲҳɣæˣҲ׷һˣǱ˹
ˣôˣʵ˵ЩʵֵĹϵá
û¡Цһȫˡ
ΪˣѾ׼ֻ۴ˡҡҡͷûбˣֻǿĿ֮һЩϧ
ڹٵУڱֳ츳Ժ½۷ĴڣֻϧȴҪ
Ӣšٰ̾Ϣ½ÿ첻֪жӢڷû뵽ҲĿһأ治֪һǱ
Ҫҵ񡣡һŵЦҪھʿԼܵľٶ£ʹÿŲˣĻǱ
浽û취֮ʱҲظԼߣȴһ޴
ԪѸٵΧ˹ǲûнʮ׵ĵطվ켴Ӳȥٶ֮ǰǿֲӣҲԼʱܡ
ûг֣Щ׷Ĺ־ʿҲٶ֣˵֮⣬ʣµʤʿΧס
ʱԭһǧ˵ʤʿҲֻʣһ룬жӳֻʣ¿߸ӵĴͷš
վǰ棬ƽŶվͷվԱߣһСӳʣµͨʿȻǴվʶΪ¶еĵλ
췢ҲеѹȻ뾡˰취췢Լڸû°취Ҵ
һͻȻֵǣƴɣƴһƴ׬һԲڻһֵվʱܡ
ƴƴƴߺз֮Ҳʼįһŭһ˸߹һˣͻȻƾú󷽵Ĺ־ʿ˰벽
ÿһֻӶһ꣬һһǣھʿܵľʿͻȻʿǣ飬һֻܾΪս֮Ǿвȱٵġ
ʤ۹Դ꣬ڣоʿսޣʱǰ֧ܾ֮У꣬һ仰顣
ɱ߶ȫսۼȭͷ֮ϣһŭȭǰȥ
սҰ
ϵȭͷ֮һϮʱƺҲܵս⣬һһŭ𣬴ſֲƳһ·ռ䶼
ľٶԪһӰ磬Ƕһ㣬˹
ǰȻһɢܺǿ󣬵ȴΣա
磬գۼ䣬ԪľѲףۿ߾ںһԱ˶۾
ȻڴʱͻȻ¶һĨЦݣֻʶˮԴһӿγһһ̣ͻȻһͷӰһתܹԪһһ


129 ֵ
ٶ̫죬תҲ̫죬õԪ춼ûзӦѵ󣬶ʱͻȻһá
ŤͷһԪɫȻ䣬ΪȻһתжӳȥ
Ԫ첻һΪǰʵǿɾƾǵʵôܵһ
ס쵲סԪ켱󺰣ԱߵļӳѸӽȥչԶˮȲ˽ǵû֮ϣѺһϡ
䡭
֮£ֱӱըɳȥһ·Ѫ䵽ϳ鴤±ϢһȻûбУΪýϽǿ֮£ҲɳȥڵϲϵѪȻûսѾȫޡ
һ֣ɱԷһһԭѾ콫ʿʤʿΪһ˷ܼһ㣬˫ۣߵĹ־ʿӽ˹ȥ
ɱɱһɱ׬һֵ׵壬ź󷽵Ĺֽ˹ȥ
ʱȻȫѪķǳ֮ɫһƬףȴûһˣҰòһ㣬һֱ
˳嵽Щֽǰ֮ʱǵڰϵİһȣİȻһԾ𣬶ͻȻ԰ֱ𣬶ŰĽһƻȥ
ŰһǰȥǰĹֽ󾪣׷׻ӽȴʱǴһץסϵĽţǰһ˦ǰٶȱ𰢿Ҫһ
Ű˦֮԰һЩ򰢿ĹְֽʱһʧɫΪʱǵȫ򰢿ûսΧԼˣ㿪Ĺܡ
ڰ֮ʣֻǴڰеŰһƻȥðǰٶȱø죬˲Щֽǰ
ݡ
ŰֱһӣֽĲһͫһӷŴ󣬿ϵȴΪԻŰȥʱѾŸղŻȵĹ˳ȥ
һˣֻ˻ûµһٴԱߵһƥϵһȥ
סֽһͬʱһԾ𣬳򰢷
ԸֵܣҲҪʹҲСȻ˵˴󾪣־һȴ˸գһ̣һ˱еһʹȫһ
ԭղŽͰȥ֮Լ˿ܹ˽Ĺ˵Ӱܿİһȵٴ˻
һ˾֮£廹ڰգ޴ֻܼظܵ̽ı
˵̫˲㽫üɱҲõԱߵĽһŭ죬ƽʱǸ߸ϵĴڣͿЩս֮ڱ˶ǰɱʵǳ衣
ڽŭˣǳûľǳȻЩȻٶȺܿ죬ƺ˻һΪǿİ
ֻŵɵһ㣬һһ̱ѺݺһսĲС
˻
սһȻأϵĽҲ׷ɳȥЩսĽҲһһʱ֮
ŽǱӣ̲סЦղֻסһĽʱĽѾ嵽ǰ
ղѾɵ˳ȥû˿η壬Щûüӽ֮ʣ˫һŵ棬ǿ׳һ㣬սײ˹ȥ
˵սڳ֮£֮սϿԳʮˣһײϣɣɵսײϣȴǡ෴ûеɳȥսĽɳȥһ·ֽٳĽײɡ
ϴ󡭡
һŰһӣ𣬰һѽϣֶųһƥսȿȥ
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˾񣬲ϵոŽԭǸ߸ϣоʿĴڣʱȴǿеϹϡ
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130 ƴһ
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131 繷
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ãˡܵͷǱǰһθΪֲϢЩδ嵽ǰĹ־һѣתӡ
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ϣԪ첢ûΪ˵ıͶҪɱǣһЦصЦɣһЦЦ
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132 ·
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133 ľ루һ
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134 ľ루
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135 
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лҲǰ棬Ȼ٣һʵΪĴ½Ǿ٣ʵõ£Ҳÿ
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ֻҪʱǱͻɽȫ˻Ҿڰʱ֮޴µõͻɽϢҲ֧ԮϾ˫һ볷ҲҪıԪ˧û
취·ڰظǺϢԼ־ʿʵ֮ģ־žνǼ˵ǻ۶ɣһ©֮뵽˿⡣
˼£ⶨҲ֪һûᣬʵ̫ϧĵؿһ۹ٴЩʿֵܼҪҵľʿȥɣ
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Ҿ˶ϲףһⶨ˴Щףǻܻô
Ȼܼ֣ôɡⶨҲһ֮ˣʿᡣ
Сפľ룬˱ˡ


136 Ŀ
ͻɽԶһͷͻľһ㣬ɽ¶·խֱһ򵱹Ī֮ء
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˱ǹֵ۹פͻĴ󳤶ް͢Ե߱ݣ˶޼֮ˣް͢ǹִԪ˧޴µСӣް͢޼ҵһϡ
˵ӶԾְЩ˵ŲٵСֶοˣɸξڴս֮ʱ󱲣ֱӽԼľø󱲣ʱֻҪԼ˵Ҳû˲ó
Ͼû˭Ը⿴Լȥ
ް֮͢פͻ룬Ϊﲻս£ȻѵõֻҪפһʱ䲻⣬Ǿһ
ΪԷһ޴¸ǽеĳפͻɽΪɣɵȡԭפصʣһֻҪʤɳǿ֣ް͢㲻¡
ô£ⶼѾԼʱһʱԪôûް͢üͷǳʲô˰ɣ
İɣµġЦ֮ǰѾ˵𣬸ɳһ֧Ԯľ룬ȥԵһǧսԸһӳڻ¡
˵ţɽ³һźɫ׵ľʿ࣬Ҳˣް͢˫һˡ
Ƭ֮ǶӺڼ׾ʿѵɽ£ȴûмɽͣɽ£溰֣ȼ˰ɣʵڲ˼ʤȻƻȻھв˼ϵ֣˵
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ް͢ʻٰвã֪ް͢Ѿ˾֮ģشҵڸղŵĴս֮Ѿ٣һ˲ˣѵûҵˣЩô
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˵ţָָĽǶǸղһս˵ĽսѾʺٲμӽĴսˣͻɽϢ
ԣް͢üͷһ壬ʱԱߵҲԪȷʵˣЩҲ˲ˣӦû١
ް͢˵ͷ΢΢һٴսھʿ˰֣ɽµԪִɡ
˵⻰ް͢վɽϵԪ죬ûǰӭӵ˼˭ǳĴ֮һ޼үԪֻһС峤˱̫ȻǴӳް͢УԪȴʲôǡ
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ˣһȥٱް͢кް͢Ȼи߰滹ſæŹٹֵﻰǶΪ˹֡
һȥһЦʵ֪ԪεսΣôôֵˣ
ߵް͢ԣЦٴ֧Ԯľһӱȫɱ˵ţֻһתкһֱް͢Ŷȥ
áԱߵȷӦһȭŹٱȥȴȭͷû٣Ա׼İͻȻƣͬʱ֡
ܵǱǿϢɫһףɴʱѾӦۿŰȭͷȭͷݺݵĺһ
䡭
һȫһһѪҲɳȥʱĹҲһȭݺݵĺĸõٴ³һѪǵɵٶҲø졣
ް͢ǰս֮ĴӳӦҲǼ죬ٵմ̵֮ϣ㱻ֲԾź󷽷˶ȥ
ȴ빫ٵٶȻӿ죬ϵһףһ̵̱ϣΪް͢˵üʱʹԭҪһȴֻˡ
ûɿԱߵⶨһҲ˹ް֮͢ⶨһԸ룬ٴӺ󱳴̳
ݿһĻѣɾĿ֮£ٵһٴδλţҲް͢ܣѴ˽ȥ
ǣǡް͢ﲻϵðѪʵؿŹⶨˡ


137 ƻС
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ͬʱԼް͢ȫһһ飬ڵϣ鴤˼±ûϢ
쵰˭޼ҾԲŹǵġݾһͷ˵ҰޣһȻҲ־ʿɽ±ɱȥ
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ɱ
£һʤʿȳɱȥ
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Щ쵰־ʿʯͷɽȥСԲʯ֮ٽĳͲܵ
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ۿԽԽ˱ɱһСӳ˫ۣٵžӪ֮ȥƬ̣һװһֻӥһдֵͲװϰڽӥϣһ򿪣ӥ
ӥһֵͼޣûжٹٶȴǳĿ죬ܺãһЩѵš
СӳһڴؿŽӥԶԵϣԪ˧֧ԮʱЩʤ쵰һӡ
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СӳһĻҰףԷӥţƼֱǵˮ©
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δ嵽Ǿʿǰ㵲סȥ·п֣Сӳֻһѣжû£㱻նɱڽ¡
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ѣõŵƷȫߣߵȫٵӪȫյŹһ£ʤʿˣ
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ҲֻСǿֲܹڰ콫еվҪǣɽģһ𾫣ǿľʥı˵򣬾ҲǸ׷Ѱı
Щǲ֪ģ֪ҲԲµСѾȫ޸ˣôûȫ޸ҲỳС˽


138 ׼
һУҲˣһˣǱҡҡͷεصݸˡ
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ˣȥģٿʵԪ˧֧Ԯľ룬ľѾû£ǻͻɽѾԪ˧
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ⶨҡҡͷᶨصľ벻һפأֳû˹ȥ룬Ԫ˧פڴˣûоҾͲ뿪ǻȥɣԪ˧ӦԵġ
ðɡҲ֪ɽΥһᾡϻȥԪ˧
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޴ʮҲȥôվ⣬ܸѹõöԴɶֱüͷȴûа취
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ɸǰԷиأҲûа취
ͷӣ취ȫһζŶԴɴߴٵһǧֵôܵסٲˣǾˡ
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Сܣż״ʱŰ취ôȰ˵ţʱҲżһľɽկƣǺǲ롣
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ˣ㿴޴ڸʲôһӳָŹִе˧ʺ˵
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139 
ִ֮У޴Ĺ̲סһŭĶԴɣҾ֪Źᡣ
Ԫ˧ô죿һͳ켱ɱǿҪھԵı֮С
ùԴǸϻ쵰˳ģǲŻһ¡޴ֻҪ˳ǾɱȥǣסûɱǣԪҽڳǻǧֻҪԴǸҾ͸ҸһƴҵҪ˭
ΪһԪ˧޴Ȼ״ʱ˫ֵս϶ԴɲƴԴҪƴƴˣαصȵڡ
Ļû˵꣬һͳѼԪ˧ǵĴŴˡ
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ǡͳ漴һӳǧʿԳſڳȥֵǣǻûִӴͣóŶԷ˹ȥ

Ĳҽڹִ֮ɽ˺Ĵ֮У㼼ٲľʿųһҲһˣûлУֻ˵̫ˡ
ˣ˱䡣ӳһŭоʿ㻺ŴȥϵĶȴһ㶼ûзٵóԷ
֣ǡһͳ˫ۣִ֮жʱó籩һ㣬춼Ϊ֮һ
ˣˡʤӳ󾪣ϧǵĶô졣
Ĳҽʿ̴壬һЩʿ֮ϸʮȫһѡ
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ŹִԽԽԴһ֣ǽ֮׼õֶʱָ˹ִ
ãϵˡЩ˻ȥʤʿٿųǽͻȻ޴ɫһ䣬ˣ˻
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ݡ
־ʿֻͻȻһ֮漴ɫһһ̣Ѿǵͷ֮ϡ
ۡ
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Ȼʤֵ۹ղĲ಻󣬵յЧȴȫͬΪǵĿ겻һ
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ǰһͣ£ײһʱ֮䣬Ȼ˲̤¼ŽǧԼͬĽ¡
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޴£Ȼ˼˵ֻ֪ˣСֶΣ˭˵۹ҹСץвǵģԴЦ˭Ҹ⣬ȴ˶Ըľɽկģ
ǶǼı߹Ҳľ˭Ƕıƣֻ˵㱿޴ֱ׳صԱԽĶԿǻҪЩԪ˧ʲôֱӽһսܵһֱͶˡ
߹ҲԴɹЦȻϱ߱ȵľǼıղΪ˵ֻˣСֶΣ


140 ι
㡭޴ɫͨ죬ָŶԴɵֶڲⲻڴĶʹ⣬Ҳô˺òãʮڳԺôԪ˧
˵ţһӳɫŵܵ޴µĶԣ˵˼䣬õ޴ɫһӾѪöɫ
ۡһѪ޴ɫһӱòҰףҲ˺ü£ҺԱߵһͳ췴Ӧ죬һѽסֱӵ˵ϡ
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ˣݾų˵ʤĹٴǽķλɽǲľľʸ֣һ˸ʣųϸֵסǵ֡ӳ˵ʱҲ޴µľٶˡ
Ϊ޴˵ڳ嶯֮£ûпΣĻõóǽϵĶԴɵȫ
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Ҿֵ֪ܿ϶û£һֵܸɵġȫĹЦЦһҲ¶˷ܵЦݡ
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˵ţԴ¶Цݣµľʿȴûһţ˻Ϊʤ̶ôǲܵģǰͲʤ̣ѵ˳ˣοԴɻһԪ˧Ǹˣٽܱ߼ȫˣҲ˵㡣
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ſڣȫڵϣҲûܵϻδɵѪŸȣСȻԴʬˣô˵ҲǴӳôԸЩء
ӳײҰɡһСӳһжӳܵԴǰһĵ
Ҫȥҡȫ˰֣ܲͷĵСӳϲתȫΪַˣȴû붫ʰʬľʿҿʲôûȥùĸģԺҲһս۵Ķյһһȥǧ©һЩɶսƷҪ˵̰սƷǿɾ鷳ˡ
һ˴ϲлӳ
أִսõսƷǱҪг嵥ϽģɴʱȫԶԴʬΪĻὫЩϽ¶۵ġ
жã˵ĸɾʮ㣬Щ־ʿʬ弸Ǹθ⣬ȻõסԼһЩ۵ȫĶǶѵһȥϽ
±ЩεóĹ־ʿʬ壬ڳǽϵľʿһBʵڿȥһжӳܵԪ˧򶫷Դ˶ȫΪ
ۡ
һںžƵͳжӳ˵ľȫһͳϣûܶԷͳ죬жӳȷϵЩ־ʿεóİ
ǵġжӳЦõصڿ㶼ûʣ£˵ЩսƷϽ
ں칦Ƶھһʱ֮ѻȸһһͳżĴָһصֹȻһˣǾǲһ㡣


141 С
ȫЦֻжԴɳŭȵ쵰Сӣһôʰ
ԴȻ˵ʵ˶֪Զȫûа취ҪȻڶȫҲһֱͷˡ
⣬һȺӰԶȻһֱ㱻ǽϵľʿ֣û̫⣬ֻΪǹ·ģϾȺֻİٶ࣬ڸ־ǣʲô㡣
ȺȴֱӶŸǶǵ߽ǽϵľٷЩ˾ȻŹֽס
ãִˡʿһ˳ԵõĶȫһԾ𣬿ԶȻǹֽף˴󺰵سǡ
Ҳɣеʬ壬ѸſڶȥǧˣƬ̱ǣһȻ죬Žϡ
²áȫų˽ȥһţҲûں칦ƣغִˣһǽ
˴󾪣һӳպȵľھ֮Ҳ˳棬һͳŴ죬Ǿȫͳ
ͳﴫһ̺֮öȫһŻϽο˵ǼģõôôٶѣǷ־ܽ
һԴȴȫָָڲ㡭˶
ף𼱣ǻȥô°ɣϽȰ˵޴²Ե޹ɳٽп϶ԭ򡣡
ߡԴɺһţŶȫҡͷЦͳߵȫǰļһһ˵֣ԼȲ칦ƣ㶼Ǻȳɡ
˭˵ûкȳɣղŲǺôһǱιġȫЦһתˣ˵ͳǸղű˽ȥ֮ˣŶȫĻ뵽ղ֮£Ļ̵סǽǱ۵
ǽϣʱǶӹֽѾ߽ûͣµ˼Դüͷ壬һɻ󣬾һͳҪ·֮ͣʱ·һŽжӳ׵ľʿ˳ųϺԪ˧ǻˡ˵Դϵͷȡ¡
Ϥף˶һ㶣ȫһӦ٣ôˣ
ǵսƷֵǿŲͶˡһĿЦԭҪģ»ȥʱᣬ֪˶᲻£˵ҪȥĽһϵ˶׼¡
ǾȻֵĽɵˣȫ˷ܵùЦҾֵ֪һǾͲ£ˣѳŴ򿪣ǵӢǽ
Ŵ򿪣һǣ㱻ľʿΧסҪǹֵ۹εģҲһİȻϵ׵ǹֵ۹ףҵսƷ
Ҿ֪ǲµġһߵ͹ǰԴɱĵ˵ͷȻܼ򵥣ȴ˹ġ
һ·ѶʲϣǶû˵ֱ˳Դɲſ˵ľ˵˵ɣǶʲô춯صĴ¡
Ҳûľ˵ˣ֮˶˫ȭգͺ־һ㣬˵ɱԪ죬ͻɽʱ˷ܲѡ
ˡԴɶ˵ͷĸ֣ȴ˸еȫѪڣʱоԼʲôֵһ㡣
˵ţԴԱߵİ⹰ֳϿҵллǰû㣬ʤɾͱˡ
Ԫ˧ҰҲʤ֮ˣΣѣҳҲӦáһЦͺ˵һС°㣬˵ȷʵҲ㲻ʲô¡
ǽ춼ˣȥϢɣ齻ǡԴ˵ţ죬Цȥ櫰ɣܵ㣬ûԶڻס
ǡͷ͹˳ȥ
ص踮ƣ˱Űȥŷ䣬ס֮أһƿţ㿴СһֻСè㣬ڴ˯ˡ
ԭǰñӸϵģûСۣ˴ſڣ죬˫۾һˡ
˹
һǰ콫Ц櫶˰ɣȥԶ
áС˵ͷ·ϵѪü΢壬ĵ磬ˣ˵䣬СǰմѪ·
˭Ҳûע⵽櫵С³ѸɵѪϣѪվȻһѸڻ櫵С֮С


142 Ƶ˾
û£ⶼǱ˵ѪǺһЦһ磬ȥһ·
šСͷ콫ڴϣȥһ·
С˷Сָصס˵һµûٴ죬ڴϽ׵ռСȥˡ
Ǹͻʦˡ̽£תսѸٵת
ʱ֮ȫ˰ս֮£ŵڶս룬֮ҲԽԽתҲԽԽ죬Ƭ֮󣬱㽫ȫռݣϵǴŵ
࣡һ𣬴һ죬ȫһоȻ֮ǰһʱйƤһѸٵСȴ֣֮лʣŲٵսǰͻȫһ
ǰÿͻƣڵ﷢仯֮󣬾֮еս꣬ͻ֮ɵص֮С
ξȻʣһС롣
ϸĲ鿴һ췢֣ЩսȻǽڶʹپʱǿս֮ڳȡûġ
һֱڵ֮Уʹ֮һֱоԼľЩ͡
뵽첻üͷЩսҪôأܲһֱǴھ֮аɣ
磬ͻһǡСʱһԥٴδ߶սȥ
ս½뵤֮УѿʼСȻٴαֱ֮еսȫɣѿ콫
ۿΪȱսļע룬ҪСҲٳɣ߶սڵս
սһգǵ֮еĽɣɵսԽԽ࣬ٴαǸȫռ֮£еﶼۡ
סֻҪͻƳɹͿһʱ䡣а񳤾ˮһ㣬ս֮нս
񡭡ҲܲסϢıǣһ޴ĺһҵʹҲ˲䴫ȫʱȴû˿ʹ࣬һ˷ܣΪѾͻƳɹ
СƽĴڵ֮Уָֻƽһۣ¶һĨ΢Ц
ʦ
ϲ硣СţСҲ𣺡ϲ硣
Ҳ֪ͻ˰콫СڻУ˳ͷСܵ۾櫸оڵֱǿˡ
ŶȻ֮壬ױȵ׺ܹܵǿսҲ֡
櫺ܿҪص۶һֲĮСɴʶ֮У߱Сұ߱С
ڶһ磬Դɱ㽫ȥ
ԴʱͻȻоЩԾΪ˶ԴɺͶ֮⣬һЩϢ޵ͷӣмʶһƼͻƼҰ˳ƽܣ⻹ǿɽֵ֮۹ʴֵ˾ɼˡ
һЩͷȻĿ⿴ƺºͣоǾͺҪԼһ㡣
üͷ΢΢һ壬ϢİѿռŲϣͬʱСĵķЩͷȻЩͷû˵ҲûеϢ¶ǿʶֻ΢΢һɨоЩͷȻȫʸ֡
Ҳо˵ϢȣӦ֮⣬˿ԼиǴɱ⡣
Ǹ櫼ǹҵԵ졣һĸݣС۾Ŀ˸ɫͷ죬ȷʵ˾ҵ˾ϣҲɱĿͷ֮һ
С죬֪ǰ˭˾Ϲ˹֣˾ϵиеһ˿ƣҲûбֳֻ֣ǰԷš
˭㻹֪˾˵ڵսѸ
û߽˵꣬˾ɱһͺȣǾӪΪʤ´󹦵Ĺ
峤ϣ֪櫵顣˾˾ɵͺҪ֪櫵һжصĺ
ڹѾ֪ò˶ҲõϢںһ֪˾ὫϢȥ˵ţ㽫Ŀת졣
櫾ԼãȻẦᶨ˵


143 Դɵľ
˾һȵҲ䡭˵䣬ͻȻɱ⣬һɿֲѹϮ졣
˾ԱߵĶԴɫһ䣬Ҫֹ˾ϣȴǻûжеɢһɿµѹ˲佫˾ϵѹסˮһ˾ѹȹȥ
գۼ䣬ѹײĿռ㵽˾ǰۿ˾ϾҪܲס˾ɸϽվѹɢ䵲һݣѹͣͷ֮ϡ
Сֵܣ˲ʶȻЩͷӣѹôƽ顣˾¶飬ɫ˵
ǰ佱ˡǺһЦѹ˲ʧϴκСԾһʶսŷ֣ԭʶ̽ΧڹһֱӹԷʶöԷĪ
ʶЩӱһֱ֣ʶֻдﵽ֮ſֱӵĹֻʶγѹѹȶԷ
ʶﵽ֮ʶȫѱγѹʽȫӰεģֻѾȴ޴ֶ޷գûʹãˣҲʹãϾ˾ϴ˾壬һ˾˳ͻȫҿ¶뿪ʤ
СȻһѹƣһ˴˾ŭڣиɱǰսȻۡ
ˡ˾ɶ˾ȵ㻹ûֹô
ǸɵòѾ̽Ԫս֮һǧֻʣǧ˻ȥֻһʮˡԴû˾ˣߵǰ޵һӶսԷʮ౶ıȻܴﵽôõĳɼ˵ʵϷӾô꣬δûͻɽһٽͻɽ
µĴ󹦣ټ֮ǰĹͣҾһԪ˧ΪԪ˧ƾսͿԵõģھʿӵⷽ㻹ö࣬ķԪ˧ڣԪ˧֮λûķˡ˵ţԴɱЦ
лԪ˧佱Сӻе֪֮Ԫ˧ҷңҲҵҡͷԪ˧ȻҴӴ˸ǣҲζһӶھжȹԼ˳λʲôģԼʵûгɳ֮ǰס壬ʵ뿪
꣬ʶԼĲ֮˵ĺܲúŬԺ϶ΪһԪ˧ԴĵͷҶԴһйͣйͷ˴󹦣϶͵ġ
ԭǴһͳ죬Ҳͳ֮ܣȴ̫ˣѷڣڵʵҲʦʵ̫һ㣬ֻ㵱һжӳҽǻ˱һжӣͳ졣
ǿأɻʵԪ˧ΰǣ
δзݣȻǿǵġԴɵѽ´֮ϱ۹ӦľλҲٲ˵ġ
лԪ˧һ󼤶жӳȻǺܴĹ٣ԺҲˣǶȫԼˣȻϴγҲģչԲ˳Ҳÿǵٵ˼˵ñ֣ܲ
лӦõġԴɹһЦԺµľ٣ȻԪ˧Ĳұ֤ǿ㱣ֻ֤Ҫµһıĵ˱ֻйֵ۹ϣԴɻһ˾ϺȺ֮еһĿдɱߡ
ȻԴɵһֱ΢Цһȴõ˾ɫһ䣬ǶԴھǣֻҪһҵ£Ҷұ㱣һ죬˭֣ͱҲ
һ£ԴɹһЦЩͷ㣬˳櫾͵ûص۶ȥɣΪԭһֱܵµıЩһѶûУǹ¶
סŶԴһԱߵͷǹ˹֣˳ȥ
߳Ԫ˧⣬ԭΪԴҲ˲֪Ȼǰ˵ȺͷҪ죬³⣬Ը˹
ľٶȻֻʶΪʲôر𣬵ȴǸж
ղŵ˵һ飬üͷһ壬˵ǸͷӦ˾ϣ˾ϼҵϣΪ˺ܰԵּǳ˽ԺСһ㣬ȻԴѾ汣㣬ڶʱڲҶ֣ڴ򶫷ԴɵҶŹ


144 صĶ
ҶƹʤӣĴʤλǳ⣬˾ҲСBĻз
ԴȻңδػᱣҰɣɻ˵֮еĸɱ˭һ顣
ˡ岻һĴ֮ٵģʸҲҪһЩ˵ʵǱҶҪһЩΪʲôǻĴڶλأ
ΪǼй涨ÿܹжǵϵϵһ¾˳ʹúܶ˶ڴս֮С
ʣµȴһǾӢеľӢҳڵľҲʹǵԸˬ죬мΪһȨȥıֶΣǳеֻڶҾγһֵȨԽˣԽûԸ⵱ΪǻɢܶྫӰ
öԴ˵ɣʤ۹ĴԪ˧ҹ涨Ԫ˧ΪöϾ˶Ǿ˳ǶԴԪ˧ľη֮ģҪȻǾԲᵱġ
ԣڶ壬˵һУЩһ㶼ᷴԣοǱǰ;£Ǿ͸ᷴˣУٱЩʸֵأҵʱЩͷ֮У϶Ҳżĳϣɿа㷴Եı¶
룬췢ֳ˾һͷԼ¶ɫ֮⣬ƺûı飬ԼżͣԼͻƽܿԼĿҲЩ⡣
ûС
Զ鱨㻹δǾ֪һУô֮ĹϵˡЦΪǵŽᣬʹǵļʵȻȲƼҺңȴһѹǡ
вС壬ĵ̷ǳĿֲʵֲһԼһҪǿ󡣡ͻȻɫصȻЩҺߣĴ˽һ㡣
ǶңǼȻ˲࣬ÿһǾӢеľӢⲻھָϣ츳ϣÿ궼жԾ֮Щ˶ܿʧ˵֮УҲ˵ڱչ
Щ˶һЩ츳֮㣬ƽһһԻһʮһٰʮ꣬ŵر٣꣬ͻʣﵽۣѾʤ˽ǧ꣬˾廹á
Ҳ˭壬ƹžӣڵ۹һֱǵڶۣҲЩöô
治򵥡ͷʤ˥½ϣÿ춼ҲԻһʱûȻɣܹһֱһλ䣬Ǿ治ˣΨһܹ͵ıǣǱǿʵȴԸ̫ȻԲűĴڶλһֱ䡣
һΪŽᣬΪʵĵ̣Լ˾Ҳҵǣ˾һˣҵﶫҡ˵һ˶㶯ɱӦҵ⣬ΪԼ붫һֱǲûפأǽиƹܵĶߡ
ҵǶô˽⣬ֻ֪һˣһ굽ͷ󲿷ݶڱչأϢ٣ڻʮʡ
Ŷ츳ܲӴ̲סʮ㵽ȷʵܲð˵ȻʣѾʮͻʣĴæ
˵ţ¶һĨ΢Цܹ֪ôϢЩҲûһζĴս
ʱ֮ʱҲᵽߣһ۽硣ЦҶЩЩɢ޻ǵö˽ǣҪȻʲôʱ򲻾ǵǣ⵽ǵΧɱôĶ֪
Ӱ֪ԼʱǰȫģҲģֿȥ櫣С컹ǷǳϲģһĲĿɰһСһ
һֱ櫵ڣϢžӪȥ
Ӫڶһϴγ֮ʱʱ֮ǰȫһûǽšգȡ֮Ũصı֮顣
ԭǧ˵ľӪڽİٶվľӪ֮Եôϡ裬ÿ˶һıʹ֮ɫȻǰڷѵһľˮʳ˭ûһ˷֮ɫ


145 
ӽȥɡ˵ܵǰյĸȾҲһɱ֮顣
ͷ˽ȥһĵ˹һˣҶ׼ˣ͵ˡ
˼ˡͷһˣǻվǵˣͬʱҲеЩսֵδɵʹϻҲٶ˵ǾЩսֵһ룬Ƿģһغʤš
˵ţһ̳Ŀڣһ룬һĸ߾ٹͷȻٻǰ
ֵǡһߺȫһƣһ߾ٹͷȻٻ¡
ֵôҹ١һ_⴫һ߽һ̳һ룬ڵϡ
ȻԺͽֵ£ҹԶЩһֵǡ˵ֵһ룬˾Ҿһ롣
ӳҶϾƣŹٶһڸɾ
پһ롣վŰûаϣβûԻ͵ʤҪ
ϡ˶˾룬ҲǺһЦӹݵһ룬Ҳңǵη֪ʤʿǿ󡣡
һɵ˿֮⣬ʣһжӳͷҲվȻԺڴЧԺһһԵУӢҲһ롣
áҲˬ죬ͷһڶ
ھʿ쾴һ룬һ¶ǣ˵Щ죬Իý֮óһ
ɻĿ֮£콫Ӵ򿪣ҫ۵ĽⱩӪһ̶ýҫ
˶Ĵ۾еĽңֱ̿ˮȻھӪ֮ŽûʲôãûĵطƽʱҲⲢʾҾͶûá
мˣһЩǱƵ޷ȥԲ·ΪĴߣĸҲЩңӶǿ
֮⣬ֻҪ㹻ľҲۣȻֻССҲһͷ֮Ҳýҡ
ңδս۹ҵģȴ֮Ϊ֪ûиλֵܣ⿿һ˸ҾӦֵܡ쿴ˣҾóַҡ
սֵÿ˶ʮŵֵÿʮö˵ţһǰóʮöңЦҵһݣҾͲˡһŤͷַţѾԪ˧˵ˣ¼ڣЩսֵ۹ĸһЩҷŵǼС
֤񡣡칧ľһʿҲ⣬ȫ쾴ʱǣ˫գ죬оǸмжҲԽӵмܽ۹ǵĽȫ˵ģӪҲһ
ԵĹ˵ɣҲõҵĽȴûóһ
˵£һһ𰤹ǹһι潣һֹߣѽв֮
ˣ˽ҾͺúúȾưɣֻһʱһʱ֮ҾͱϢ컹üѵ˻˻֣빫һԱȥ֣˵㱻Ԫ˧ˣ
ҲߡЦԪ˧Ϊͳ죬ȴûңȫԼȥУԭһſæڿҲҪˣҲãҲźüûϢһֱ񾭣ȷʵۣҲԳʱúõϢһ¡
ҲСңҲǴӵײһƴģбѵ±Ҳһε飬һ꣬ҾԻһ֧κ˵ĴֵɵüͣʱһɱҲǣȻ˲ܲμӣҲܲμӣȫǾʿǱԡ
ãʱһҪúñȱȡЦӹٵиܵûΪҪ뿪Ƕģһ˿ɡ
ҲԣʱҪĹֵ۹Ľһֱڽ֮Уһ꣬˭ܲ˵ġ
뵽ٵǨ뵽ˣδսʤоٶõ˽ͣϧͰΪʵ㣬ȴְ
ϾһʵΪĵطٴĹЧٴǻۣûʵҲδػ㡣


146 뿪
ð˵ǳĴǻ˵㵱һͳ춼û⣬ȴλֵһһСӳԭΪʵ㡣
ӵĹأСӳʵ͵񣬶жӳӳͳⶼֻͱ׼
Ӣ˶ûдﵽжӳȥЩСӳˣǶֻʵﵽжӳһְҲԵ
ǵĹҲЧֻҪǵʵʵ˵ɱɣ˵Ҳڵ죬ڴ˵ֻҪ㹻Դʵǵúܿ죬õʵ⡣
ԼǸүԽƽ˵ʮ꣬ƽʱҲûôʵȴھУΪʵġ
ɶͨ˵ЩԴǳǻܵõҪʵǣȴܡ
Ҷһôãǵðˡа뵽
һʱ֮Ѿƺ꣬һͨ죬죬һȺһ㣬죬ͺҪеıʹѹȫһͷų
ʱ䵽ʱһӱѻȸϾǾӪǴʤһֿԣҲֻһʱ
ֵܣмλСӳż˺һתڵĸƶȥжӳ涨ҲԼĸƣûʵ
һȻĸסķ䣬㿴ԻýóװҩƿЩƿнҩȻ·װ˵۾ĵͭ壬ҩʵǲʵҲһ
ϴ˵˰ǽʲôһٻİ̲סԱߵİʵʱĺüҪǵҩɣ
˽ȻĵѵûЩǰҫҪҫҲЩǰҺúõĵŰɡ
ʱ밢ҲǵĿȴȵĶеĵҩھӪֳʵǿǿ¶Ҫˡ
Ƭ֮װɣݸЩҩϴڹֵõģЩȥúðʵֻʵǿˣܱԼҲɱĹ־ʿ
лˡûƳ٣ЩҩģЩҩͲʲôˣʱԳΪӳ
ͣǸм˫۾Ͳ
ӦõġͷȻ𼸸ƿӵݸֵܵģԼˡ
лˡ˼ýӹƿӣȻ
ʣµļƿӣֱݸСӳȻҲǸʶԺҾһˣôһЭǡ
Ժȫƾ˷ԸСӳһϲƿȻÿֻõһȰǶ٣ȴûԹΪǶ֪ЩǰһðΣԹֵõġ
סҩãʵǵԼǡ쿴˵ЩҩҶǷˣÿƿһֵҩÿһöǿ·һöǧļԺĳɾӰġ
תһչȥ
磬Ҫص۶Ǵſڣ죬˫۾ˮһֻСè䡣
ԱߣԴɡȫԼ˾ɡ˾ϡȼʸȫڳ
ģܿġ츧櫵ͷٶֱõԱ˾һߡ
櫵㡣Сصصص۶Ҫһϲ
áЦЦԺҪСĵ㣬ñ뿪ʹҪ֪ϴαֵ۹ץߣΪСܳ˻ʹ
šСͷǰģߣԺ櫲ģͲٳˡ
ˣʱ䲻߰ɡ˾Щͷĵ
ʦҪౣ壬ӴСŶԴһ֮״ǿɰ
ȰѹִˣʦȥС櫡Դһѽ櫱簮СıӣȥԺҪԹԵ㸸ʵĻвˡ
šСɵصͷԴɽ˾ϣȴȻ˾Աߵһͷүү
úãǵС߹һЦСڻУһĻ˾ɫһƬǿСĿɭȻ֮ɫõֱüͷ


147 
櫾ͽˡ˾ɿ˾ϣг˾ζ櫳ʲô£Ӧ֪ġ
ߡ
˾һתȥС˾ʶ˾ɵ˵ͷҲ˹ȥǣλʸȻڶŶԴɺ˾ɵ˵ͷ֮󣬸˾϶ȥ
üͷؿСȥܾ˾֮ʲô⣬Ǹ˾ϣղ˾ɶ˵һ䣬ͺҪСһ㡣
Ȼȥˡ˾ɶԷԴɹ˹֣֮ʱȻ˵ͷһܳĸо
˾һߣҲ׷ȥֻʣ¶ȫվ
֣СȥҪʸְɣü򶫷ȫ
˵ӣΪʲôҲ̫˾ڲ⡣ȫҡҡͷЦ뿪ȴͷӹġ
Ŷüͷһƣˣô죬Ҫ޴ЩͻȻɱǿûôֵֵ
ģġȫЦǵõ鱨֮ǰϺֽݻˣѾȥˣǱһˣ߶˰ʣƴϣҲǡ
ҳ֮⣬˾ϴͻСϾͻʵٶȿǺܿģʱǱܻصһ죬µġ
˾ͺáͷ
߰ɣҴȥĸơȫЦģҰš
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ǡ켸߳ǰҾ졣
صͷԪ˧ȥ
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˫һһ޳Сӳ˵񣬻ʲôܲȥɣ
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شԪ˧ǵ˶ȫʱԳս
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Ԫ˧ֻˣǲ̫߿ˣһЦȲ˵ԷǧͳʿͲܹԸġ
ֻҪԸȥ񡣡ԴЦ˵һսپɣǿҹҲϵܣЩͨʿû⡣
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ŶԴ˵ɵϵĿЦԽʢˣ̫߿ˣȻپȷʵǿɱҲ㣬ڵʵҲֻʹһΡ
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ʱһһ㣬ΧѸ֮Щһľ֮УԭǱ֮ͨܽ뵤Ϊս
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ϧ˵̫ˣʧȥսľһǧ࣬ʵûа취ֻýһǧصŪߣΪŪǣÿƥˡ
޳ǴʱС·뿪ǶǹҵӢۣԲǳһ⣿û𣿡
ס޳һȣСӳǣսɱȥ
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˴ͷܵľʿԽԽ࣬ûˣֻؿԶӡ
ˣˡһͳ֪ȥϽˣԼҲһߵֵʤٵĹһ߷ˡ
ۿžǻҪ׷Ͻһͺ𣺡ߡ
Ҳ֪ǻҪȥֵĵͳһҲ׷ҴʱǱߣʮӳֻʣˣжӳҲǵΧֻ֮ʣͳӳ
ﵽʵɱǲףһˣҲԼɺܴ˺ǲԸ⿴ģҲ׷
־ʿˣʤͳʿȻǿԼʱ˫۶˲ˡ
ڶͳֻʣǧˣͳҪõ㣬ҲֻʣǧˣǷǴǸӣǧˣʱֻʣжӳڣȫˣȫ־żֵڡ
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167 Ĺͳ
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168 뱻
ˣݵõ⣬֮һ̷ۣԲĹͳǳǹֵͳͳԶ
ʱԶɫˮϴԣ˵Ҳ㲻䣬ʵҲʹһƽ֣ΪǶһУȷʵˡ
ھ֮£ǻȥǿ˶Ծʿѵ¾ʿ֮ʵǣԼҲûеŬѾӾĳڴﵽ˺ڡ
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ŤͷһԱߵĴսüͷһ壬һĨأµľʿȷʵǿ󣬵ζԷľʿҲʵǣһԶսӴã·硣
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䡭һԻ˫˳ȥ֮ͣҲûгȥɫصĿöķΪǵ֮Ǹġ
Ϊ˫ľҲͣ˵Ե󣬽ţʿҲͣۼһ𣬲ִȴȻʤΧš
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һǵĻЩʤʿھٶɫ䣬˵üͷҲøһˡ
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治֪ǵľʿôô˴ǧ඼򲻹ҪңǱߵСϵˣȻ
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֮ǰʮ඼ܻ񣬸οֻǶǧѣ뵽ʤʿ϶¶ڴɫ


169 һ
ߡԶɫһƽ˵ٺöãǾͿ˭ˡ
δ˵꣬ƽıͫһȻֹȵסǣҵסǡ
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ʱԶȫǼɻֳ˷ŭԭۿҪʤˣͿɱˣһϴѪܣȴû뵽Ϊȫǵʧһжһ
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170 ӿˮ
ԶɱԽԽüͷ壬ܵ˵ߣȵͳ죬ϽֵͻΧȥǺĴҪˡ
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ߡһŭ˾ʿҷɱȥ

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ȫһͺȣɱȥһֱףۿЩˮѳ嵽ǰ˾֮ʣȻ֣ˮѾС˺ܶ࣬ǳѾҲС˲٣Ҳѽ˳嵹
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һ˫ǿѹеŭ⣬˶ԷһۣһȫǲŽľ˵˳
˵ż˱㽫ʤͳöʱٴǿֲսλͳ춼һ
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׷ҲϻŽȫǵĴ˱ߵķ׷ȥ
ˣһֱ׷ǰôȥɲǰ취Աñ׷ϡ
ֻҪ˸ǣǾҲǡһӳ˵
Ȼȫҡҡͷ޴µҲ֪һĻ֮ǰһʿǣ϶ֹٶ´ʱǵĴѾǸΧ
ҲͬСܵĿƽͷ޴²ѣһ־ǴֱʣǸһֻʮͳľɳ߸ͳֵӳӣڳﲻˣǿ֮ʱ
һڳȥ֮ǰʧ֮ڻʮͳ˾Ÿͳǣʣͳˣ϶ṥǣ㲻Ҳ϶ϴڳſڣһԷֹǻȥԷֹԪ˧͵Ϯڳǡ
˵ǲܻظˣ䶼üͷһ壬ǧˣаԱ׷ǵĹִӲƴǸûлʤĻᡣ
ƴҡҡͷνһľ˳ֻʣ²ǽʿƴˣƴӮˣԺʲôسǣ
Ҫ֪Ϊ˿׼ʮ꣬˭Ҳǻܷɳ䣬ʤܵУʱڸɲʿ
ô죿һͳɫصصĹִ׷ܻظǣֲӲƴ
ҪǵľһܰɡȫҪִ׷ȵȿǵû⣬Ǳȥ
ͳһۣͷС


173 
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ǣѧ󡣡ЦЧһ֪Ƕ˵֮ȥ
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һӡһʹϾöһףöʱΪŵ⣬ܼȥһֱ֮⣬ڰա
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ˡöͻȻһ漴һã䵽һö֮ϣһö໥
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ϽӡͣĨһѶͷ亹¶һĨЦ⣬ŶȫǱ˹ȥ
ôȫϽʵǽı飬ƺ컹ż
һ֪ˡЦЦ߰ɣִϱҪˡ
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ݡ
Ҽ̳ƿе·Ĺ־ʿĴ̴

ҽǴеĹ־ʿȺĹ֮£Щ˷ѡ
ҲһЩ֮ϽſڵϣܹЩһͷĹȻЩҲȫȫȻ˹ļ䣬ȴҪЩʧͬĲ̤ȻҲһЩ֮
Ƭ̣󷨵ķΧ֮ڱҲûһ־ʿվţ֮еĹûоʹʧǼۣ֮ûĿ꣬Ǳȥ
һЩԭûн󷨵Ĺ־ʿҲ˵ùЩû˵ľʿڿǰͬĲ״֮󣬶Ѹ󣬿ϧҲʿţٴη̤
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󷨲ûǿֻţʦǿͿʱǰҲӦ֤е˵ʹ˵Щ״ˡ
ʲô󷨡ȫͳԣҲǾһĿֻš


174 ٵľ
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ͳ죬ʶ㣬Ȼ֪󷨣µľʿ֪ĪֵĹп϶ֻţô࣬Ҳ㿪һң롣
ԶĶȫ˿ǲϲҽŵµľʿһͷ֮϶ð亹ٿĿⶼη塣
߰ɡǵȻһЦתߡ
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ȷʵǿҲȷʵܻɱҲġЦøղǸ˵ɣҰķΧСֱ׵ԲȦȻܻɱ˾ǿԵģǰǾ֮С
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˵ţһµҲô޵Уûκζ޵еģȷʵǴ󣬵Ҳźܶƣıǲƶֻ˴ֻҪ˲޵УҲ޼¡
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ΪǸûǿʶƵرûʦ̵
˺ܿ㵽ľ룬Ϊʿ̫࣬ǲûȫľ룬ľʱפ
ľȻⶨפأҲڣϴιͻɽɱ޴µĶް͢Ҳ´󹦣Դʱûⶨͳ죬һⶨʵҲûôͳλá
ⶨٴμʱֵñϴ飬һͳһһǰľƣǰܵĵ˻֮Ҳ˺ܶࡣ
֮ǰǵıȽڳ٣Դһֱģһսһʤһʧһ˫ĲһС˺ܶ࣬ٴҲٵġ
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׷ǵĹִѾˣȥķȴǸǡ
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175 Ĵ
ȷʵˡ䶼˵ͷЦϧһΪֵܶı䣬ˣϳǽа򣬶һҲֻнһСˣٹǣǾʹǺɱȥǸܵУҵҪɼֵˡ
һжøлֵܡһͳҲЦҪֵܣڿ촦ˡ
ԶԡͳҲ칰л
λأͬΪˣ໥ȻԺСҪλĵطءǫ
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˵ʤ֮һʦоݽȫǹƣʦ֮󣬸׺䶥Ҳûȥǣ˽ڳǡ
˵ֳ˱ҲľŴص˸ǡ
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Դ˿죬ЩʶսֲУһжȻӾһǿߵĵطܵ߹ҲӦá
Щ˵ĿֲûʵУһĻЩŤˣϾǲһ£һһжӳܵ˸ߵĴܲˡ
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ɶԴΪԪ˧ھӵߣǣвҲұֳеĽѴϣҲһЩá
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ȫ뿪֮󣬶ԴͻȻЦ˼֮ˬ죬ͺѹ˺ܾͻȻйһ㡣
ס򶫷ԴɣһɻԶԴɵݣٸˣҲᷢ˵ЦǺʧ֮¡
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ǰԴ̾ϢһŲ£ʵϧһʦǾ֮У󷨵İԺĻҪĹ֡
˵ͷԴɳ˼һµСӹȫǰ󷨣ҳʦд㰡
д㣿üͷһ壬ɻصѵԴǸĹע
ǸĹעҪȫļˡԴɵʦϡ٣ȻֻһͼʦһСҪ˹ǧʿ˵ž޴ãڻᣬʮ꣬ԺɾͲ
˿ţһɳ½ѺùϵͿԻ棬ÿŹĻᡣ
ϧ֮ǰԼңҵõϢһƻѾɳüǰǶƷɽȥӶŵ˴˻ȥƼڲƷɽԽԽ࣬Ʒɽܴܵѹ
ȻˣǲҲӦǰǡЦϾĹһСܵ
ǵȻԴЦɺѾͷӦûûн֪ͨҪ֪϶ȥˣԼȥ°ҲҪлظǣڿһ١
˵ţһɫܵԴԣ˼䣬õԭЦݵĶԴɫһӱȥ
ףʲôˣɻʵ
ԴɼǴݷĳ


176 ۵ı
ŶԴǳŭɫҧгݵ֪һʲô£ҪȻԴǲˣҲʣŶԴɱȥ
һӪ֮Уʮڴ˴һ϶˲ŭΪ׵Ŵӳľɫˮиǳ˼ʡ
λǶ˰ɣԪ˧ȻƽŶߣЩսͳǶ棬һС꣬Ӫһ£ܵ˴Щսʮ̫ƽˣǱԪ˧顣һӳͳغ
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ǣ鷳ۣ˵ӳ˫Ǳλ١
Ƕ棬⻹ʮҵжӳСӳ֮⣬һЩĴʼɣ֮ˣܼжӳʮˣСӳҲʮˣνӴ
Ԫ˧һȴû뵽Ȼ˵ƫסһжӳ̾Ϣһ´󹦣شԪ˧ˣҲԭİɡȻ˵ñȽί񣬵ȴ˼ʡ
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ԣһ۶˹͵İ࣬ǱԪ˧ôԪ˧ƭһжӳҲ
ǻ쵰ĵ̫ˣȻͶҴ۶ᣬƭԪ˧¾ܾôˣһҪԪ˧֪ǻ쵰Ŀ
ԣһҪôԪ˧ϴܹϢ
Ӧʬ̫ǻ쵰ˡ

С˲ﶼȱ٣ǾӪҲһ㣬ЩûʵҲñһܵãǾ͸оǲһ㣬ܵĶʼ֮ڶټϱһĻѹƵסһȫַ
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Զԡ֮һҲվţЩҵľҲȫվ˳
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˵ţһתǣ´Ԫ˧ţȥţȥЩĽҵһ𣬵ʱǻ쵰Ҳֲ
ãǾ鷳λӳˡһжӳ۹һҪλӳ˵Ԫ˧ǡ
ν嶯ħʼǹһͳħЩжӳƽʱһҲǾ֮ȴʱҲɱǣ˼򵥵֮ƣȻҲǵ档
ģô˵һ˵ǣǳ֤һᶨصͷ˫һȥ
ȻǸߵſڣɫ͵һ䣬ͣǵǰԴ붫һŭվؿǡ
ܵĿеķŭȫһϽݼԪ˧ݼԪ˧
лԪ˧ԴĿ⿴һۣǵϴҸô˵ô
ǵáش
ȻǵãʲôԴʵĿת٣оڸܵϵĿ֮󣬶ȫһڵϡ
Ԫ˧ֻĴ̫ߡҧҧ֪Ѿû·ֻóһʦѣôܶԸôĹִʿִһȺɱҲ
νЩȫΪ˭ְæԺӪйƽôЩûбľʿгͷ֮ô
⻰˵Щ켵ʵľȥˣǶʼ죬ܵߴ֮⣬ʸֱݣȻǺܶ˶ûм⣬Ĵȴɡ
ԣ۴˻һЩʿ֧֡


177 
԰Ԫ˧Ǵ۶ôԼ̡
Ԫ˧㲻ܱɱΰ
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˵ţԴĿ⿴Ҿ٣Ҳһ뿪ǣһ档
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˾ңҲÿһµʧϾҾһС壬ڶԷиʲô㣬˵ĹעȫΪֳǱ
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Ȼ̵֮ʱɫ͵һ䣬Ϊ֮ϸеһɱǾǻӰɢġ


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áȻͣ£ź󷽷˶ȥͬʱҲȥ
ڲ֪ģˡЦһֻսһӿŽһһֻǰһ̣һͷ֮̽С
㡭۵ͷһǴ֮ϵĿоŵؿ죬ðżѵ³ô
֮Уʦ뵽κһ׾١ЦһǰһһѽϵһΣƾʧ
һĻʣµȫĴ۾һֵעܣǲϵΧĻӰ졣

ʣµ˶ȫڲ֪ĸ֮£ʤƬ̣Ҳ֮£ֻʣ˫ֵĻЩĻӰһ
Ļ쵰ǾһһĵƾЩаʲôߡ˫һͷŭҰޣ˫ţʱʧȥһս֮ӳ򶨡
а˷˫ĶԻصķһֱ鷳ҪЩôȻ˵а˫ҵɵӣ⼤ֶΣɡ
쵰ҹ˫ϵţҲûشĻӰȴԽĶ࣬õæңӦӲϾȴ˿ĵ
ʱȴվ⣬һЦؿ
磬֣ѵҪСЦĶ𣺡Ҳܺ棬һûпʲôӵġ
ҿûôʱġ쵭ȻһЦһ˶ΪһӰ˫ĺ󱳴ɱȥ
˫ǰս֮ĴӳȻ֪ΣյԤ֪ȴ쳣׼ȷյĺ󱳣оԾǷһ
ϡ֮ȻǿлҲٶһӣٴζȥ
һ
սӿؼں֮ϣõãţһǳɢǿҵĹâ
ǹã֮£Χռ䶼֨֨
֮ܵǿֲϢ˫ͫһĿ֮£һӣǽãǣ˲㵽ǰ
ʶ˫ϽӽȥǽãӴһǾ޴ĺ֮£һ׷ɳȥ
ʱһҵʹϧûкĽãѺݺݵĺ֮ϣһ̣ѻΪѪ⡣
һգӡ֮еŨȻʧһ̣ãԵ¼һѸץС
һеļöҡҡͷ̾ϢʦΪʲôôˣΪⶫͲһҿʱʧΣټöһʮö弶ڵɾɱôһ൱һ룬ôһûˡ
͵ɣ˼ҺöѧûǸʸءСЦһһת磬󷨻̫ˣȻڵˣǸղŲôȫܣ׷ɱҲɱֻҪһ󷨣Ըǿɾˡ
⵹ǡͷӰԻķ̫¡̫ˣԲעʧܣ⼸Ҳֻʮ˵ģҪǰĻӰԻҪǿҪʮģʱԽ֪ȫΣ󷨻γһռ䣬˸˲ȥϧڵʵ̫
ɣҲ£ܴﵽڵľѾˡСο
ҲǡǺһЦ˫µõĶ𣬿һղսʱڵϣ°ĭۿǻˡ
΢΢̾ϢһӰһŸǷɱȥ
ȻӰնһȫĽã㼤
á󾪣ӰһҪܣϧǽã磬û㵽ǰ
䡭ãݺݵĺϣõһ߷ɳƤһ㣬˻ڰգѪֹɫҲһƬҰס
񡭡һݺݵڵ棬ҳһӣڵ˺ð죬û


004 ƽ
һӰ䵽ǰ⣬¶һеȣС۾߱ӣĿӡ
ӿ죬¶ЦݣһûȷʵûƭңϱбףҵʵԺʸҲپ塣˵ţ̲סЦ
ƽҼ»µһ֣ȴִ£ʵеһԱ
ҲûʲôȨֻҹʵǿԺܶ˶ðͽЩ߸ϵִҲҪͽ
Щʲô鷳ҲְæϾȻǣ֮еľҲǳǿҪõԴǾ͵иߵʵҪߵʵ͵øԴ
һѭ˵ףҪԴ⿿ҵĹȫģƽʱԼ취ŪԴ飬Ҳܡ
ƽϵܺãǰʵһǣմȨĶִ£յԴҲ࣬ƽҲԸùϵ
㽫йƽŲٱõϵȫΪ´󹦣ƽû˵Ӧ
֮ǰûгֻ֣Ϊڴ˵춼ûеȵ죬뿪ɢˣﻹ۵ţȽ죬Щһϣȴˡ
۵֪ǵ󣬻ƽôһ֣ǽҲ䲻ǵϡ
ʱȫһ֮¾Ȼû֤һף׾Բһıףõʵǡ
ؿƽϳ˷ŭʱռУСĶ캰磬ǾǰֻѾ̤ʵĸ֣Ͳĵ֣ÿռŲ
СĻûлشҲûóռŲҪ֪ƽֻףȫ֮£ԷһϢԳ嵽ǰʱռŲġ
ռŲУʾվƽĴЦ֮ʣһתձļöֳС
һսע֮УһףãһϽӡϱ仯Ҳȫͷ֮ϡ
ţЦеƽо׳Ťͷһɫ΢΢һ䣬֮ʱ˸б֮⣬һʦ
벼ƽһŭ𣬶㼤ȥʱͷͻȻãţγһ޴ã󣬽ƽ֮УõһĵϽˡ
һ˲䣬ЩޱǿȻŵŵûãΧ֮еƽɫһƬҰס
һ̣Щû˵棬ãҲʧûƽ֮ǿֲĹ
ƽɻ֮ʣͻȻִûƽŪô£ǰȻȻĸĸɰ˸Ƭ̱˼ʮ
ˣЩԵѪһҰ׵Χ˹
ɫȻأȻƽ֪Щ춼ǻӰȴòСģΪҲҶ϶ЩӰûڡ
ɱһ㼯һ羪һ㣬ƽӽȥ
ƽҲʾãһһԲνã㼤ֱӽһʮɢ
ţһתһãһ챻ȫȫ
ƽսһ㣬ȻЩӰ֮󣬱ӰγɣЩӰȴͿ塣
Ȼʱ㹻ʱʹÿռŲȴģڳ˼һ֮һתóöƽ˹ȥ
ݡΪһ⣬żƿ˲㵽ƽǰƿƽɫһ䣬Ϊðһӣƿ˹ȥ
һȷʵһöţƽɫȻһ䣬һ񱩵Ǳеĺ֮ɢ
ûüӦһȻѾըʱΪһɿ
ʱһöûеıѳ嵽ǰڱǿеһ˲䣬ҲźȻը죬Ϊһſ
ſ㼯һ𣬾ͬ籩һ㣬֮һо𣬾涼ȥһߺ첼õĻӰԻҲ˲䱻ơ


005 С˯
ǿֲĿǰƽͫ׷Ŵ󣬿ɸκεĵֵݺݵĺ֮ϡ
䡭
һȻ죬ƽһߣһֱɳףײһŴء
ͬʱǿҲǰȻƽ뱬ըԶܵӰͣҲɳʮףϼˣȫɢ˼һ㡣
Ťͷƽ֮ԭΪƽö޿Ƶı֮£㲻Ҳûˡ
ޱ𾪵ǣƽ֮һ˼ѪȻվһ˹
ƽ·ȸĲͲҰ׵ɫԼǼȶϢԿʱܵ˲ᡣ
⣬컹ƽǱըõ·֮з֣ƽ֮ȻҲһףǺɫģھöĺ֮ѳֲơ
Ȼƽܱסȫ֮
Сû뵽㻹׼кУܺãҵҪ㻹ʲôСƽף˫ۣһͷħһҡһε
ƽһ߽ЩڣҪΪղʲʹÿռŲӵҲڵΣա
һжȥٺҲˡ
ƽ쵹Ҳû̫η壬Ϸ¶ЦҵĺܽŪ
˵䣬һתóöĵڵϵıƽͫ͵һһֻ˶ȥ
ôţ뿴ʲôôˣ쳰ʵŵֻǼö弶ڵƵıѷԶղڵƵģϾԽ߼ڵĵʶ֮Խࡣ
Խ߼ڵҲζŸӴڿʱҲԽԿƣʧܵļҲԽ
һöڵֵʮȻ֮ǰڹֵõһЩǰԾĻý֮ҲһЩȻܲʧܡ
ԣϳöڵƣΣ֮ʱҲһЩ弶ڵơ
ֻƽ󷨸˽⣬һ㾪ֵĺˡ
С⡣ƽһͷҰޣͺϵ˲ᣬֻҪ㡣
ѵûи㣬ſռŲЦţóһöռŲעһսһãΧ֡
ƽɫһ䣬Գڵã֪첻˵ٻõķܵ
ӰһҪǰȥȴ룬廹δűֱŵƽҲҳȥ
û취һǰȥһӹֻֽ֮б㹻ľ룬ܹܡ
ϵıҵһöҲƽͻȻһĨȻֻͻȻһö֪úƵһ١
𾪲ѵǣȻעսǽʶ֮עУעʶ֮ǳĶ࣬ٵʱѾΪʶĹĶɫòҰס
ãõǸ߼еʶռеС󾪣ʵʱҲˣϾʦȻԿƳȸȫȴż
С֮ʣƽеͻȻһ飬һ̣һﵽ۵ʶҲеֲʶͻȻֱ
СġС󼱣ȴκεĵֵ֮ʱˣһȫҪɢһ㣬Ҫǣǵʶ֮ȫ壬ûˣҲ㲻
ʶΪֲεģ͵޿ɵֻøΪǿʶ֮Ӳ¡
ۿǵʶ֮ҪǰһƬڵʶѾﵽһۣ߷ʶ֮ǰȴôС
ܹоһʶ֮ϣ˲Իʶȥ
û뵽ô¶ЦĻвġ
Ȼʶ֮嵽Ķͷ֮ʱһͻȻǰһ̣Сһͺȡ걬
䡭һ羪װĺԴ֮СǽСȻըŷɳͻȻһɸΪֲʶ֮Ǻʶ֮Ժȥ
񡭡ʶ֮˲һȻ߶εģֻܿһˮһĳȴõÿռ䶼һѺۡ
ƽ߷ʶֵֻ֮Ƭ̣㱻ţСʶ֮սʤĽһ㣬ʤ׷ƽȥ
ƽûзӦǹɿֲʶ֮üĺԴ


006 ؼңһ
һҽУƽȻأһ̣ĿռŲãһʧԭء
һݴ֮У׹һͻأһɫҰ׵꣬졣
ֵ첢ûмΧǷΣգһӦǽʶ׵ռ֮С
˵ǣʱû׵ռ֮зСеֻŵǣ׵ռҲüȶͺʱҪһ㡣
С콹غش硭
һ˺ü켱ᶼˣڿռһһŰ֮дСʱûҪʧ磬СЩˣҪϢһʱ䣬ԺҪСһ㡭
Сôˣ˳ȥŷ֣ʱǰ֮Уһ͸СУʱȫڻζͺʱɢһ㣬ļ١
粻ΪСģС£ЩˣϢһ¡δ˵꣬Сʧһ̣ռ֮ͻȻһǿнϳռ䣬õʶҲȥˡ
ССôˣش硭ϧôСҲûаҺ֮лܸܵСǺ΢Ϣ׵ƷҲûнȻ
С˵һˣױ㲻ȻǱ˵Сڣֻˡ
ңǡһͷҰޣ˫ۣɫҲΪŭŤһͷħһ㣬š
Ƭ֮ϵףһ㣬Сģһ취㾡ġ
֮󣬸ϤĳڳǰɫصǣԭÿҲв˽ĳſȴֻǵļƽص̷һӶûС
һǣһõһӱõȣ֮ϣԭȫŽգϸѵÿһˣżôһӽ߹ҲɫҴҡ
һǱģض˴£뵽ĻаɣӰ磬ұɱȥ
յſڵĽֵδţɫ˼㣬ԭĽֵѱÿӿݣ򶷵ĺۼҴҲһѷ棬û޸
ǿÿ棬ű٣Ѹ޸û޸ֻ˵ĳ˴⡣
ǰſڶģһӰûУΪġ
Ļаͣ켸˽ȥ壬Զûпһˡ
ļٵֱסСԺûСԺһӰͣ£ô
˳ȥһϲ˾ȻϽǰʵң죬ôˣ
ү죬˫һϲүˣ̫ˣ˺ͼЩӿˡ
ʲô£ôˣٴμʵôֻһˣأ
үģ˶أһЦЩԺ˵Ȼȥ˺ͼɣ
û£һһͷСԺȥ
յСԺſڣ洫ϤöȥȿͬæŴɨӣԱٺɵЦİæ
ˣɻؿûشҲ죬ϵ๤һ˹
үڻˣͬһϲؿ조Щǿˡ
ү˵㵱ȥˣʲôо˫ðؿ조ǲǺܴ̼Ѫ˻һԱߵҲĴ۾
ȷʵܴ̼ҲѪڣ㿴ǳɽʬɺӵѪʱٶѪҲڲˡ΢΢һЦἸˣȥΪʱǣԼⶼ˳
סĸס˹һһǰס죬۵صˣҲˡ
ʲô˲Ӻţ㿴ĸһӳŮһ׾ЩõСɹһЦصȻˣʵˣϢǰ˺ܶ࣬С
Ҳ㲻ʲôŸոմﵽʦǺһЦ˵ĹõеĶС˵ıʹһ㣬ĻȴõɵЦֱӽϣǸ촽춼ûлع
ʮǺεȵĿţŵǶš
㲻õҩǿİɣӦһŵؿ죬Ŀг˵ǡ
ĸ׷ģЩҳ˷һЩ˵ҩ֮⣬ûзһʵĵҩЦ


007 ؼң
˾ͺáһһüסʵʵصĽǧͼõҩȻֻҪһʱ֮ڲͬһֵҩ̶ȼٶԺӰ죬Щʵչ鲻ԼģΪǿ֮󣬱ػᷢӰ졣
żһЩҲûд󰭣ֻҪݵҩСɹЦϾûеҩ⿿Լٶ̫ˣúܶľܵʹõҩǿԵġ
סˡͷŤͷԱߵİˡ
ҲûʲôЦ
ţšֵǰ뻹벻Ļš
һѣȥһѶʣЩʱһЩ顣
ԭںڽɭΪ˾ɺƻ֮Ҷɹ߹鷳
ƻ£ʱ˲Ǻǿһһս࣬Һһ˲֪ϴκμҳ˿֮ǱߣҲûϢȥ
ͻȻһˣһǴϺֽ䵲¡
һս̻ǷֻḺ˳֮£ƻȥǺʹҲ˲ᡣ
ڶҵĸ֣Ҫƻǿϲ٣һҸ͵ֵססҺƷɽ˼ʱϵŽɱˡ
ԼҵҲҹ鷳Ƽҵɱˡ
һο֮Ҳûģɳ֣ҺƷɽҲǾ˫ƽ֣ǵҲ޷ôҵĸҲ˸ǣҵͣһЩ
һ⵽ֵϮҲǷзټ˰ȶʹóƽ񶼿ֻŲѣصӶҲٲҵƽҲ뿪ˡ
ҲǺмأڵһ⵽Ϯ֮оӦǵˣĵĽ˰ŵһֻʣǼʱʲô£Ҳһ뿪
ԭҲҪ뿪ģȴ
Ҵţÿһδ򶷼ڴŴʼģֵĴ֮£ǴŸܲס
տʼΣɻǵǼӣÿս󶼽޸ʱûȫ޸ãˣֻˣҲޡ
ձʱΡ
ĸףû°ɣ쵣ǵؿǣʱһս׵һֶԸһʵ̫ա
ģĸû¡Цĸô˵ҲǶ
û¾ͺáһʵҲеܾϲҲ֮УǱʲ֮ǰͻȻԴƣûʯĹȼҲߡ
ЩȫΪȻˮ
ڲֹĸʵúܿ죬֮еûĵҩʯ֮ʵҲͻͽ緢ص֮ͻƣҲͻƵĳϺ峤Ѿﵽ񣬲⣬һ֮ҲͻƵ
⣬껹ͻȻʦʮˣѾ൱ǰĸ֡˵Ҳ̲ס̾һ츳ٺãŬҲֲ˼һҩ
⵹ǡҲ̾Щӵܣʮ꣬ôùɶںܶ˵һŬܴﵽġ
ʮôɹһЦҲȥĽ˼ңʵչ黹Լĺã⿿ҩÿ죬һЩ츳֮ԺΪǿߣǲ̫ܡ
һ֪Ҳûг⣬ֻеһƻʱ˲˶ɰúãȫӽģɢΣա
ƼҺͶҵĸˣûнлĻ˵֮жԹӣǵУԶģó㹻Ķ棬˵ǵҸ־ͽΪ֡
ɵ˵ҲȻЩͷһǱ壬ִ۲˭ܲ𣬻ǽһá
ǣɱ־Ȼһֱûг֣ȴõһϢʱɱȴҵ鷳омǵϡ


008 ָС֮
صԼ䣬һ֮ǰºͣɱõһӶñ䡰ɱȻǾͱҡ
ڶճԹ緹ɱ뿪ˣڼ֮ŰʣҲģҪȥ˽ӻӰǹ̬ѾĹϵͬѰҲصİⱳǡ
⻹Ҫ޸ţǱϾһ棬Щţʵҵ
ɸߣȼλҲˣһֱңû뿪˵ʱҪģ˵˼·ѾϢŷ
뼸λϿһ֮ԣ춼ЩƮƮȻ뿪ΪЩ鷳ȴûа֮⣬˵ȻҺƼҶʶˣһɳôﱣǡ
ȻλϵĻãҲұԼֻǿԼǱһԼһʱûнǿ϶
λ֮ǰͻȻסͨԶʵ峤ϣڼ֪֮ʶ㣬֪ô˵ʶָô
ָ˵ʶͨԶɫһ䣬ǵؿүѵʶˣ
峤ˣʶˡЦЦ
˾ͺáͨԶһʶ˵ǳˣߵΪҪһʶˣûȫָǰǲͻƵģָ֪ʶķ٣һЩƷҩ;лָ⻹һЩŵرҲУŵرңǿȥЩƷϵҩʦԡ
üͷһ壬¶Ϊ֮ɫ
ͨԶı飬ΪڵƷҩҲ㰲οʤ۹ѧԺһλԺʮǰʹ˵ﵽƷҩʦ۷壬˵ѾͻƵƷҩʦ
λԺΪ˺ǺƣֻҪѲʤĵˣæʤ֮ˣᣬ츳ֺãпѰҩһλʦһֱڵ۹ѧԺ˵ڶʮǰƷҩʦ
峤ϣҵ˼ˣҵʶˡãͨԶһɻ֮ʣ̾һջǾʵ峤ϣʵܵ˺Ѵڳ˯֮Уʲô취»ѣ
顭峤ϾʶԣϽϣĴ˫ۣĿɿڴؿ죬ͺ˵ˣˣ
顣ޱȿ϶ĵ
ͨԶһӱüɫҲǵͨ죬ð죬ſүѵõ˵ţƺʶ˲ʵ⣬ϽֻǺ棬ү㲻˵Ͳ˵ɡĿȴ
ʶһϷɳ䵽ϣͨԶֻǻ֮ʱΪ˾ң鵽شѾ֮С
ͨԶͻȻԼɣȫѪ׵ֲͣķ
û뵽ҾȻܿһһû˭װǺõװಫͨԶȻҲ񣬵ͬһߣͬϲ
ͨԶǼı飬첢ûж˵ʲôףߣ˺װҲἤͨԶʱ顣
ð죬ͨԶŲĽʶͬʶĸɣɣû壬ܽҩˣ޷õҩЩܹʶ˵ĵҩȴ޷顣
찵Ե˵ͷ֮ǰóҩԹɸ޷ʹãΪû죬µҩ
ͬʱҲò峤ϵѧʶҪֶֻ֪ڴ˵У˵峤ϣǴ½ܶǿ߶˵ǵȴ峤ȴ֪һǳϤ
£ڴĿ֮£峤ϼҪָ飬ֻЩһҺ壬ֻҹ뱦֮С
֪Ͽ֪Щ켱ʵ
ү̫߿ͷˣҪ֪뷨ȡأҲˡͨԶЦ˵֪Щκ鶼֪
ʧ֮ʣ峤ٴ˵ү㲻صģҵĲղطḻ˾ҵղҲδرȵңھȥңȻδҵ鱦κ飬ܱ֤һҳʲôκ顣


009 ΤֵĴ
峤ˡмĶ峤Ϲл
ү̫ˣȲ˵Ǳһˣκ飬ĪĺôǿһҲȫԸͨԶЦԵúǼ
ҾͲ볤˵ͷµ׳֮⣬ǵڶ֪֮ˡ
ԣͨԶйãһ䣬صصͷү˼
ĿͨԶȥԭ׼ȥݷһֱҵƼҺͶҸ֣δΤֱˡ
Լķ䣬Цʵ
ܸϵϹӡΤһЦ漴һתӣҪҽ鱨ϵͳѾ߹ģ˵۶ĴԼһЩ߾ǳ⣬󲿷ݳǳضǵ鱨Դ
ڻ½ڣÿǶֻǼˣֻһЩЩ֮лû͸ȥ
ڰ֮ЩѾܲˣò˶ñὫ۹鱨СΤ֣ΤֵĳɼǺġ
лӡΤֳһ£ɫЩεص⣬ϴθҵĽѾˡ
ﻹЩҡͷóһѽ𿨵ݸΤ֣Щֵ۹Ľ𿨣취ȥֵ۹ǶһɽҲС
лӡΤһмĽ𿨽ӹ֪û֮ǰЩҶôģǶΡ
ӣЩ룬ǵ鱨ϵͳԺҪϵķչĽҲ٣ΪһЩǿߣǽҿ϶ǲеģһжүԼҲû⣬Ժչ׳ÿյĻһǳֲ֣δظˡΤֳԣҾǲӦԼԴ
˼һ£Τ˵òΤֽ鱨ϵͳɲʤ۹ҪΪȫ½鱨ϵͳеĻ˵һĴҲԸ𣬱ԼԴУҲһڵıȻ
˵˵뷨֪ȻΤ˵϶Լ뷨ΤǾԲ˵ġ
ôģǵʵ̫ͣܣȻռ鱨Һܶ鱨ԼûãǾʹ鱨ʼΤЦֻҪһĹģʱǿһЩߣԼһԱ֤İȫһ棬ǿƾʵһЩԴصȡ
Ͼ鱨ܶûһʵ׾ͻᱻ˸ķչԺչ׳ıȻ
ͷ˼£ͷУͰ˵İ죬ô
һùʧΤִϲ漴Цݣ⣬ɱפѾҵ
ûΤ˵ɱһʵ
ڸǶϰ⣬ǳƫƧƽʱû˵Τֵǽܲһׯż·Ҳֲˡ
ԭˡͷʵ֪ǵʵΣ
ʵ޷̽ϾҲֻǾɱеһСɱ֡ΤɫصǵųǰɣٻңЩ˵ʵᳬ
˱һЩͨʦʮˣʦ٣٣ǻһλʦҪǧСģ˵ɱƵĶҩɱʸ֣ܵ˵ɱʵСB
ԣüͷһ壬Ƭ֮¶ɭȻЦݣСBĴ壬ҶҲǡ
ܵŨصɱΤɫһ䣬ŵúһսϾʬɽѪ֮ϵɱɲһܹܵ˵ġ
Τֵı仯ɱһͺʲô¶ûзһ㣬ЦȻȥɣһġ
ǡΤһ񣬾͸һѸ˳ȥϸղðɱ̫£õȫһ䡣
ΤǰŸߣҲţȵ̻ᣬݼµĸƹ󰲣һԭԸСǣò󣬲ɺǱ֮󣬱ⰲһλֹΪľʱܰæ
ƹ֪ƼҵĹϵԶǳĿ˼䣬֪첻ģҵˣû쿪ڣ㽫˹
Ʒɽյеĸ֣ҲƷɽĸһЩ֪ģ컹ǷǳĿ


010 ׼
ڿʶôҲ߰˵ļյҲǳĺ
ǸлһȴõһϢԭҷɱֶԸһ¸Ϊ뿪ǶƵģʵûôһ¡
ʵ˵ڶϮ֮Ϊ߾սԽԽԽǰ´󹦣˾ҡ붫ұʩѹڱ߾δƽϢ֮ǰң˴֮ˣ廹Լ˸ˣǰЩʿẮġ
ʱǰߵսҲҵĲѣԱûٶԸңû뵽ǣ֮󲻵Թ־˻ڸսִսҪá
ⲻƼҺͶеľ޴ǱҲ˾죬õõ۹嶼ֲǱ
һʱ֮䣬۹֮зٴѹҵԽԽǿõҶе˺£ʱ˽ֱɳңҹ˼˾ҺͶҵľ棬ûͬ⡣
Ͼµֻ죬ңиʲô㣬ңֻҪ컹ڣһжǿ̸
ȴûоʹ˷Ը죬һֱڸԽԽսڵ۹ԽԽߣʱ͸ö֡
ԴҷϢҪɱֶԸңɱֱϾͨߣΪ˴ﵽĿĲֶΣ˷ʤƼȻиڸǣɶɱ֣ȴûʮܷס
ĳ⣬ᣬԽ¸ֻû뵽ʱǵõϢ̫³⣬㽫Ϣ죬ȴû뵽ϢȻǼٵġ
ʶ첢ûʲôһж˵ˣǵʾ⡣
֮ǰʻر죬һСģҼȻ취һź֡
뿪̻ᣬȥ˶Ҹס֮ڸǲû֮ҲԸңڳһСԺ
Ϊ׵Ƕɣᣬʮӣȴ붫Դһݣڶҵʲôְλ첢֪
ǣɶ죬û˿İǳ飬Щͷ
˵ˮǶˮ㣬ϵҳõ춼оǲǶڸлԼ
ԭ컹ΪôʲôĿģ˰죬ֱʱûκεҪУûκ̽ܵľٶΪɻ
ӵʣֵӶڸǵפأԭӶҲһûפأżѺͻҲڿ͵̻Ϣ
橻ȥ֮󣬱ｨһפأƽʱפȻǵʵ붫ɺʵ˱ȣǿҲʲô£ܹﵽæġ
ʵڼγͻУǶ˲ٵæ
һһл꣬Ǵȥ
лˣһ죬Цʵ
šͷǶȥˣԺҵİȫ͵ÿԼˡ
һ㶣ͷЦҲãֻǸеΣǲŻϾҲһֱڱ˵ı֮ǱԽãǸԽҿɲһö顣
İɣµģԺһֱסЦڣʸٶ١
ʣɹһЦҾôһѹǣǵ۹ЦʸԺڵ۹Ҳ̨ͷˡ
⵹ҲǡͷʵԽǿҲԽ߰οǳ壬ʸԸңҲûλԸ֡
ð˵֮ǰһɱ֣Ϊ˹Ҵ壬ȻһҲ˵ԴС˻ʾ⡣
ȥɱһµ϶Ը⣬ΪǶҪġ
죬ûٳţҲûмȥԸɱǽԼڷ֮У˶ΪҲûдš
һֱ죬Ŵ
ôˣôô㲣һ죬ô󾪣ʱ˫ݣɫףήңͺʮûϢһ㡣
û¡ЦĸײصģϢһ¾ͻָġ
ȻҪҲҪעǡ۵صϽԷ˷ȥϢˡ


011 
˷ǵ߶ֽ˷䣬ֱ֮ųʱѾ˫۾
תһȦȻ㲻ʲôȴСεҡͷصСԺ
ʤĴ֮һسǡ
һԺ֮УؿǰһӣȷҺƼҵ˶뿪ˣ
ǵġӵ̽鵽ϢǰصǺ󣬱ֱݷҺͶҵˣȻ֪˵ʲôڵڶ죬֮˱뿪ҹС뿪ģҪȻǲһ뿪
еȣⳤһ̺ۣ־µһ
СһԴڻ֮뿪Ҳ˫΢УɱȻҶ뿪ˣǽ˵ͷˡ
ǵģûҵĸ֣ƾһսİҪ練ơ־гɱصҾڸǵ̽ӴϢСӺʲô⣬طѲ֮ǰôãԸˡ
һжռƻУξӵס֮˾йء˵⣬Сһý䣬һҪõ֡
һ£ʵ鵽ƽǵô
鵽ˡ־ǶˣһûʣǵҵʱȫǱһ϶¶ֵı飬ͺ֮ǰʲôµһ㡣
ǵ˲ûзƽҲ֪ǻ
ѵǸаʸֳˣüͷһ壬漴ҡҡͷСȻǱһʸָǵҪôǿĵˣҪôСʵ
飬һøҲǵ򡣡
ǡ־תȥ
ǿյķ䣬ɫͻȻͷǣ˫ɱʵʰ㱩СҴĳ裬һȫ
ЩҵˣһҵŰɣõһһҵĽ
ڵѾΪŤҪ֪ôһִµλϣһ·˳˳ˮΪܣҲû˸
죬ȴһʧǱҪֵﱻߣΧ׷죬۽ǲǳ߻ʵ¡
ЩҲˣΪһߣʤʧܣܳΪȻһ㣬Ҳᱻʧܶ򵹡
ܲ˵Ǽ֮жɣЩһֱλõˣǽ´뽫ӶִµλΪЩ˲ϧҥõΪЦ
һţЩԭȶмεһٿĿⶼ˳еһЩ˶Ŀ⿴
֮⣬һЩҲʼг齫ִ£û뵽ǣԭεļһʧ֮£Ҳ˻ɣڽҽɶִ½Ϊִ¡
ȻһƹܵȨȴر𣬶˵Ҳһ裬ԣ뽫ɱһܽҵ
Ϊ˾»ûн߾ȫ֮ǰκ˲ٸң뽫ڽ߾ϣ򲻹˭˾ҵһ
˾ҷ»󣬶ҺƼҲӦ
ȻƼҶԹǳԲܣ˾붫ȴܲܣ˾ңȻ˾ҲܽҸˣΪһССҶ˾ҺͶңǲֵġ
ϺܿӵȫҵȨҲӦϾ󷨲õͿѧģӦ˲Ųǣȴû˲ţõҲһѣûʲôʵʵ塣
ԣ֮ұûٶԸңһжڰиΪѾ»֮㲻ңΪӣ͵óΪִ¡
ɲһ죬˵㶨ܸ㶨ģƼҺͶɵĸػڸǣ˵һִ£ҲڸԸɱ졣
ʵûа취ôһ취ӸΪ֪ǵĸ鼫ҵǲܲܵġ
֮ǰõϢϳ⣬Ҳǰɱɱһ򵥣ھǿ
ԣһֱű˫ڻظǵıؾ֮·Ͻɱ죬ֻû뵽Ȼʧˡ


012 ҹɱ
תȥ
糿ż˳Թ緹˵һţƬ֮ҵΤ֡
ȥɱĴӪ
û⡣Τֵͷǣƥһǰһųɱȥһʱ֮ǰΤͻȻͣ£ӣɱפؾǰʮﴦڱˣǴѾ˿ʼӣôȥᱻǷֵġ
ȥɣһȥСǰȥõΤִ󼱵ӣȥɣǾɱܲﲻϤҪǱǷ֣ǳΣա
ģҲµġ˰ֵȥɣùҡ£һֻʧ
ˣΤڸ̾ʵͬʱҲֻǣתȥ
һʯ֮һֻƻĺ꣬ں棬ʶſ̽ΧƬ֮¶һĨЦݡʤΪǿɱ֯ǿڣŰڣһЩʯǸͿգˣǱˣ벻ֻѡ
ӰһһֻèӰʧԶΧЩܼķûз
ƾǿʶһ·׵رܹЩһͨĴׯ֮С
ׯͨׯûκεͬͰķӣͬ򣬾ڶʱũ߽Ĵ
ֻׯ̫һ㼦еûС
ҴڽЩϸһҲͨźܴĲ죬ɫ信ȫɢһϢΣ·ʱñֱһܹѵˡ
ķϰһ岽һˡ¶һĨ죬вòɱСġ
ͬʱЦѣǿ˵Щʲôǣȫǰ衣
Ӱһܵһʯͷ֮󣬽һ´ܵһŴ֮󣬾һΣѵ˴ׯΧ
ô£ղˣô᲻ˣһŴ֮ϣһŽµһصؿ·Ŀ⽫ΧһƬɨˣҲûзһӰ
ѵ۾ˣ۾ٴνΧɨһȦȷʵûӰżĿͶԶ
ܹλһһʣµı¡һ֮˵ͷʶ֮£ׯһĿȻ
СıܿׯΧŴׯתһȦΧˣϢȥ
ӣɻˡ뿪ׯԶΤֱǣ˹
ҲȥôЦôңҪ֪ﾭžɱ˳֣Σյġ
ҶϤ¡ΤһЦˣ͵·ȥȻﲻԶ·ȴҪϺܶࡣ
лˡһЦΤŸǷɱȥ
ɱѾ̽壬ʵҲȫգ˵ʵֻܽ취
̵Ҳֻ󷨣һֽԼؽʼҪ֪ǰƵѾڸԺӲñʹ꣬ϴҲֻ˱ѣζԸɱ⿿ǲܵˡ
¸߹ң͵¹ɴڵ棬ڵҹһҹХ֦ӭɳɳҹļž
ھȣԸ˷صĳŷ룬ҴԺȥ
Ƭ̣ǽյĴǰ
Ϊ׵һĿһеĵʵ
ǵġеӵͷȻڲţɴ־
Ի̡Ӷļ˵жóһɫƿӣƿڴ򿪣һɺ̱ðֶǺȼ£̱֮ƮɢȥƬ̱ʧ˿֮С
ҹˣǿ˵ˣһжùҡ־ƺԿЩģٴȷ
ҹɱʲôʱ˵㻰ˡҹһɱõ־ȫһϽͷǸҹ˲Ҫ⣬ֻٴȷһ¡
ߡҹһߣ־Աߵĺˣôˣ
ԻѾֻԵƬ̣ұ֤֮ȫ˯һϸҲһİС˻ƣһȵСӵص
˵ͷҹ˵СҹɱеĶʦƵĶҩǳİԵǿʶɱΡ


013 ȫ
Աߵ־ȴ֪Щֻ֪ҹɱܴ󣬵ǵȴôһСӸ˵˵ҿһ
СЦһһʱΪ׵ҹȴһͺȵ죬ϾǵĹ
ٺ١СӸЦЦϴ⡣
˵Ļ־ĿÿСһɫĩõɫһӱòҰףϽʧȥǾģСӶһЦ־ȴҲҶ
û־ҹóһϸͼָǾסСԺԱ˵ǼסҼɣҲǸһӶסСԺֻҪǸɵҵ˱㲻Ϊ塣
ԣǽȥ֮ȼСԺˣȥ֮󣬴һСģ˵үֶΣԽطǿнʵʿҵֶΣԻпܶûЧ
ϴģԻ̾û⡭СӶ켱ҹһһ֮ٲ˵
֮С
ɡп̵һᣬǱŵ弶޵ϿƵķȻһзľһ㣬ڵζƬ̣ãһڵް
ֳɹһš¶һĨЦݡÿνʶ֮ȫ͸֧֮Ȼ˺ƣʶָ֮֮󣬾Ȼһӡ
ȻӲ࣬رעⶼֲˣʵһۻģεۻǷǳɹۡ
ţüͷһ壬еһͷΣ˶Щȡô£ѵ̫ˡδ˵꣬Ѻһ˴ϡ
֮⣬СӶͻȻҹϴ󣬿˵ˣұ֤ȫ¾ûһ˻֪дĪ˷֮ɫ˵촽ɱ˵ɱ˱Ȥɱ˾ǵĳɹ£ɱҲԶ֮ʱ
ҹһͺһԾһץסΧǽɵı˽ȥΧǽЩǰûһӲ
˺ܿܵǾסСԺǰҹһͷҲûߴţһԾ㷭ǽ롣
һأҹҹӥһĿ㾯СԺɨȥȻԻ̴ûʧܹȴȻûзɾ裬Ҳҹɱһֱûʧܹԭ
ȻĿƵſڣͻȻðһǿ⣬һֲĿӿ
áҹɫ䣬ɻδӦµĿѺ֮ϡ
䡭
ŴһҹһöըóգۼʧУţִļɱȫ⵽ϮһʵǱֱըûΪѪ⡣

ȻĲҽлҹգ֮ںҹħ˻𣬽ƽ񶼴˯оѣһڱűӽɪɪʵʵ
ԽԽߣҽҲԽԽСɽţǲҽֱôһ̣ӰԺҳδ
ɱյĴȻ򿪣졢ɡǣһû˵꣬ȥͽˤֻʣ°ɱоͰ־
ҹǰȻһأһ˺üѪҲֻܵˣһǳ֪мơ
һԾ𣬾ҪɱȥɵĶһһ˴ſڣͬʱɱ֮ҲǸղųķ
ȻֻǶ֮Ҳֻʶǿ󣬱һ߶ɢѹȣõҹҳֻתһߵΧǽȥ
ľٶ˶û׷ҹɻһĽŸղΧǽ֮£˻ûԾ𣬽һãͼٴ𣬽űһɿԽ³
ã󣬸ܵǿֲĿҹǾŭӣɸݲӦã㱬ըҲǹɿֲ
ٴαɵҹһյصããҪǰϣҾ͸óˡ
ԭڰݼƼҺͶҵĸ֮󣬱һֱűȻʺͶﶼ֤ʵҪ˶Ըһ²ʵȴûһɡ
ԭ뽫󷨵ģϧֻἸ󷨣ʹﲻҪ󣬶ҲûôıǮϾ󷨿һǮĶ
ʵûа취ֻԼסСԺﲼϱ󣬲弶ڵʵûǴıǮҲòô˵Լ˾Ͳˡ


014 ƹ
ǵأļڵû뵽Ȼɹˣˣµֱըֻըˡ
ȻС˺ܶ࣬Ѿ㹻һ𵽱ãСԺΧǽ֮²Сαֻ´ſԽ
֮ʮСԺΧʵʵΪ֪ױ㲼ô࣬һԡ
ҺðⷴӦÿ죬һѽסֱ⽫ڹֵ۹ñһʶըõɺڲѡ
ڿһǰʵҹǱ֮º޷֮Ҳļ²ѡ
Ժ󻹸ҲëëꡣǰһֻۣһЦ
䡭һҹٴأ֮㵹ڵѪֹҲû֮ǰһԾתӡ
ҲûҴ⣬ҹһأһǰͷȥ
ȵȡϽ
ҹͷͣ£Ťͷ죬Ц£˵ԴʳЩǲ֪飬Ҿʲô֪Ҳá
ðɡӿڣɵӦһգһץסҹսӿͷעȥ
ҹ뷴ɴʱȫҪɢһ㣬ȫλսĴܣûһֻؿɵսͷע룬ȫȻڵսȫ
ûˡһ֣ЦսѱҽôУΣա
ϣûнҩ˿ɶڻ֮СԭղͻȻԻ裬Һڵ֮ʱõ
оԾ䣬ǶˣҲһҺý֮лаԾĽⶾҩ˷ºѹ
Ȼ˱ﾲĵţ¶֮˵ĵ
ȴûЩ¶֮ˣˣҲˣȻǷǽȫ֮ǰõı֮С
ɾһְ£Ͻ˵ҹһʲôûѵ
԰ǲܲҩϡüͷ壬ҪԼ˲СǸô죿
˵ţĿһת䵽ǼѱɱĺϣĿתƣǰڼʬ֮
Ƭ̱һСĺѳһƿһ£һɶǿףõ
ʲô⣬ôôɸϽƿϣЦⶫǽҩˣ˽ⶾ֮¾鷳ˡ
İɡƿˣɫίҵҹҵζȥ
Իȷʵ֮ĵˣ첢ûйǣҹǸɿѪյѶϣʵ˭ģ֮еĵλݡ
ߡҹһͷŤһԣ졣
ҲŭЦȰ˵㻹˵˵ĺãӦ֪ʲôطһգɾҪܿˡ
˵䣬ԵƤޣյͨ
б¾Ϊһ¡ҹвЦҳΪɱһ׼ʲôʽȫʹһ᲻֨һ
ôüëһƣЦǾԡ
˵䣬ԱߵһƤޣҹȥǰҹϵĺƣϣƬ̱һĨѪۡ
ǣҹȻƤûգһ£ǳڱ˵һ㣬һЦ⡣
ҹľٶ׵ļŭ죬ֱһȥõҹƤϵ·Ҳ˲Ȼû˿Ķݡ
ܺãܺáŭˣƤһԱߵҹؿڱȥ
֨һǱѪˮֱƤʱð˺̣һ㽹ζɢѶ֮С
ҹֻɫһ£˹һؿ조ʲôֶֻʹɣŪҲΪᡣ
ҹ֮еǵˣŶԷȾưݰӣֵܡ
ϧǵˣҪԼĵˣһҲıˡ
Ȼ¡Цһת˵ΣƬ֮˻ȴһװˮӡ
ϣܼš¶ѪЦݣ콫ˮҹ˹ȥտʼҹһЦɵˮմʱɫһӱòҰףȫҵĲ֮ٺãܲסˡ


015 ҹ

Ĳҽڵ֮Ե֮дһ㣬ëȻ
ڸʲôҹǿֲҲǺһ飬Ŀⶼ˿־塣
ûʲôһСֶζѡЦɲţ߹еӿһۣմˮһ£־Ȼһˮһ뵽һˮƤҹϵζͲ
ûɣٴζҹڸоôһвֶΣҪҪٳ
ðҵҪ㻹жֶΡҹһߵһЦŭ죬û뵽ҹȻһӲͷ
ۿҪ֣ɸϽǰסȰ˵ˣЩ齻ɣǵϢͺãܿύġ
һҹ֮ʱҹѾˣۿҲڣЦƣ˭ʤ
תˣɽԵ˾ѣҲ뿪ˡ
Ȼǰҹһɱ֮˶û˯⣬˱㿪ʼ޸ǵΧǽֽݿȥˡ
һ֤ķȷģҪȲϱԼɱֵʵⲻ֣ǽս֮УпܲС
ԣȴҽΧǽһ޸ҪǼٵıٲϣԷһ
һƵ֮Уһλʮ꣬С۾ɫ˿ȥһˮŴ⣬
ҹ䣬ҹֵܡ
ꡣű˴򿪣һʮĺҹһ㵭ʵҹϢˣ
شˣȻûҹǵϢӳǵ飬ҹ˱ըһҽ֮Ƭ̱ʧҹƣҹҹȷʵңڻûлܷܿ˲⡣
˲⣿ҹͫһԻ̴ûг⡣
һɣȴ޻˵
ȥɣҶңκζ÷ŹҹһĨŨصɱҵҪҵкȻҹǶ˸ͷ
ǡȥ
ңôǿҹͶ춼Եôҹһߣ˫΢У¶ΣյĹâ
СԺ֮УܵǰһصүҸ㣬һЩİ˶Ǹƣĺܿǻɱֵͬ
ͬüͷһ壬˼Ƭ̣ЦȥϢЩ˶ץˣȫڵ
һŵؿ죬үһǲô
Ҫľˡ¶յЦݣվŵȥ
Σһ¾ͽε˳ȥȻߵҹǰЦͬڸ⣬ȥѾڵεϢ˳ȥελö˳ȥ
ԭɫܵҹԣɫȻһ䣬ҲˣĻ쵰ʲôħ
ϧĻδ˵꣬óһŲţһѽϣȻǽĿ֮УΧ
֮ҹǰóɹεΧм䣬Ǵضᴥ󷨡
𼱣ͬܿ㡣ҹ¶һħЦݣתȥ
Ƶ֮У֮ǰٴδҴҹǰˣѾҹȷʵȫʧֱץǵĵ֮С
üͷһ壬ҹðųҹʵôܱץ
±㲻֪ˡ˳Ѿ鵽ҹ˶Ի̣ǵļŽҩŽǾѣ¿֤ҹȷʵҺпѾ䵽ǵϣٶѾ䵽ǵϣǲԻ̵Ľҩ
ԽԽˣѹһԸ㡣ҹ¶Цȴɱǣһ֣һתȥ漴ҹҲתš
Ƭ֮ҹ㵽ǰſվŵ¶һĨЦһֻ̣ϰ׹һƾʧǰ
ſñֱվɫ信һɴϡ
ͻȻ֮䣬һǰһõһ·һ£һŤͷʲôûп


016 û˽ȥ
ֵôˣһɻʵ
ҸղŸоʲôǰɹüͷ
ֵܣҿۻ˰ɡһЦվʲôɹôûп
⡭ʹվжԼǰɹȷʵҲò֤ݣֻЦЦҲۻˡ
ҹһ㣬ӰȫںһѼ׾ٵĽ֮Уûб˷ֱ֣ĵζȥ
ʱ쳣أϾҹĴֶû취ȴˣЩɵ
ȰҹȳŪ֮ٻɱ֮ˣϾ֪ԷֶΣǱ᷽ܶࡣ
ڵõϢ׼ȷҹɵĽҵſػţʱԱߺžƣȫûעţҾǴŶš
ҹֻ΢΢һü˽ȥУֻһĵζѣûоⲢʲô
ǰǵȥʱЩ忴ηҲǺȾƾ졣
ΣҹʱЩ̫ԾΪȻһûУҲΪ⣬˸ͿıҲո˵һ㶼壬зЦҵҪҵк֮
һΣЩ棬ڴ˵˳УĿη֮ɨֲûҹûҹһҪҵ˶ûС
üͷһ壬ǰƬ̱ѶңǱŵҹ֮С
һʱҹһŨصɷҹϱʱҹ·ãȫѪϢίңͷɢң
ȡһҹ﷢ͺܵҹĵһ㣬ҹ̧ͷҹվ֮ء
ȻҲҹ䣬ȴܹܵҹ䣬ʼһϲ뵽ԼֵԼˣԼڿħצ
һ뵽֮ǰǰõǼ뵽Լըɵ飬һҪҹ䣬Ͻ뿪
ɴʱ챻һŲţֻܷصľٶھеҹȴϽȳȥ
ûгɣҹȥ
ܵԽԽҹԽĽ˵ֻòϵϵĶҹ䷢
ֵ̥ͬܣտʼҹ仹ҹǸоԼܿ㷢ԾˣΪҹͱ鶼Եúܼ˷ܡ
ҹ䷢ֲԾϽͣ£ɴʱĽòƵı֮ϣûˣµıѾ
áܵͻȻĿֲҹʧɫˣǿѾϡ
䡭
һҹһڵ𣬿ɵֻ׸ߣܿײҲٴκݺݵ䵽棬Ҳ֮ʧ¶Ǳ°塣
ſڣںžơһܵܵ𶯣ϵ֮ɫʱʧһۣſڣһѾͽεķĹϡ
ڷͻȻе𶯣һӱλһϲŵεķɱȥ
ţɡ⡢ҲȫСԺǵ󣬻ͬˡ
һſڣһǱʵʵη㽫ĿͶվſڣһעŵʵȥ˼ˣ
⡭˶һۣһʱ֪λش졣
ô£ɫһǲžȥ˶ûпɣ
ʱҪ֪ЩƲԸ˸׼ģſڣע⿴ȥ˼ˣı֮š
Ҫ֪ΪǱɱſʮ׵£һԿſڵһ棬ҲΪԷҪȥòɱǡ
ϾɱŵˣǻݾߵģǽȥԷһ㲻ʱɱˡ
ȴû뵽Լܵȴ̰ڸ֮Ȼ¸ˡ
үû˽ȥðΣһһίصȻһֱںȾƣɶſڸûзɹ裬ڱը֮ǰûһ˽ȥ
û˽ȥҵıѵԼըɫԽɿ춯ŭϽǰȰ˵һʰǣȽȥʲô˾Ȼξˡ
šһͷҲηţƽŶУʱҲ˹˸һȺ˽ȥ


017 Ӱ
һ·С˲ǣһֱߵѶңɸûпһİˣֻҹǰΪµӺ
֣ôûأɻĴһۣ˳ֿңҾͲŻûˡ
šһͷɽ飬ûһӰ
ЩˡͻȻ
ߵηУЩһɵˣȫվȻǷ˴˵ȴڣԼȳϻǱžη֮ġ
ղſ˽֮Сһϵʵ
ؼղûп˽һλ뷢׵ߵǱըʱһӰͻȻͱը˳Ƭ̣ƾʧˣ
ͻȻը˳ͻȻʧˣüͷ壬ɫصصûп
үûпһŽ£ɱӡƺ첻ţ˵ǸղҲģү˵˵
ǸͻȻͱը˳֮ǰǸûп
غҿѪȻֲˡ
ÿ£һ㡭
˵ţѾ߰˳ɣߵǱըĿӱ߲鿴һһʯмҵһƬʺѪѪʡ
Сһ㣬ȷʵɫصĿˣ漴Ƿʲôһ㣬ŵſڱɱȥ
Ƭ֮˻ɫȴ˵ء
ôˣǰʵ
˼һ£ѾˣſڷѪ
һ˶ɫ䣬ɸǼǽѲģôдƤܵô˶οаϡ
˵һ˿߶Ҳδطֵˡҡҡͷϣ˵ʤĹĹ
Ȼƽʱ߶ʤһЩ⹦Ǵ黹֪һЩȴû˵顣Ҳɫޱصصղ߶ȴûз֣̫ΣˣҪҪɱǣǺ⡣
һ˵ɫޱȣͬʱޱȵĵǡ
ˣҶģȻϻһˣ֪ǵ쿴һȻҹȥʱĿ֮гɱ
ҹǰͣ£ЦǵͦȻ֮С
ŰɣΪɣҹЦţг˵֮ɫıȴõŭһѽסõҲЦ
㲻˵ǰɣҿֵܼʲôʱ򡣡һĨЦ⣬ͻȻŤͷ۱ηЩˣʵףǶʲô
ǶǷ浫ﲻ֮ˡɲ⻰˼͵̰ۼĲƲŹͬȡ
Ȼﲻǹصⲻ˷Ѽʳôҿĳͷɣ緣ΪɻʲôģֵúãǻؼңȹԼ
ɳ£ŤͷԱߵĴϣ涨ЩӦñڵ֮УȻΪ峤Ҳš
˵òǹȷʵ˷ѼʳǼȻԼ巸ȻϺǺһЦһڣҲȫͷ
лүлүǷ׷ͷл˵ⲻĵطţֱܣԸȥɻԵߣҲܼ⡣
úɡһЦ˽Ǵߣеľٶɵ˶һɻ󣬵Ҳû
Щ֮ΪʲôҪŪȥˣΪֿʼҹѶƹˣĲҽУЩǼᶨ߶ܲסЩߣŷŹ֡
ò˵ҹĺǿĥ죬ѾһϢҲû˵Ҫ֪Ķ
գֻҪ˵뿪һóʮʯǰҲΪ֮
ܺãܺãơȷʵҹû˰취óʯתš
Ƶ֮Уǽյķ򿪣ɴ֮Ȼûһ˽ѹϣһжôĹ졣
ŸչϣһӰͻأĳڷ֮УӰһ֣ϣǻѪȾӣûᡣ
ϴ˺þõĴҹŽϵĽѵ¶壬ϣźüѪģ˺ۡ


018 ֲҹɱ
һϵˣҹûᣬӣӵ£ֽž˰Ƥһ㣬¶һƬɺѪ⣬Ҳʹֱͷ亹ϵ
Ҫ֪ȥҹʱΪʹ⹦ӰܶսΣڱʱǿֲıըֱ֮ըϣҪʵѾﵽս֮±ޱȵǿ׳˫Ⱦֱӱըˡ
ҹʱȴֲͬҹȥ֮ǳĽȫŻΣը£Ҳֻˣûҹ俴ֲ
·֮óһƿҹ佫ҩ۵˿֮ϣƬ֮˿ڱֹסѪԭʹҲһС
ƿһҹɫˮ˫֮ɢΣյϢңѹҹʧ֣ȻʦһûпһССȻʦѹҲԼ֣ǳ֡
֮ұػٱ֪ҹɱ˭Եġ
뿪ΣСԺг˼˺þã˼֮ˣû˭֪ǻ֮˵ʵûа취׼ȥƼʡ
ճţͻȻ뵽Τ֣ΤֺͿϢϢǷǳͨܶҶ֪飬ȴ֪
뵽Τȥ
ԭΤֻסڸһ֮ͨУƶ֮󣬱һСԺ䣬һ淽鱨ϵͳķչһҲһݡ
ҪȻ˿סһƽ˵ĸоûʵ鱨ľǲӶ˭鱨㣿
ĵΤֺ⣬ӭ֮ҲûпֱΤйҹϢ
˵Τüͷ壬ʵӣ֪Ǳץס֮˿ʹù֮Ĺ
ûСʱһݽҲõ֮Уֱӱըͷת򣬸ֳ˹Ų·ܣֳ󷨣ٴαը죬ֻ֮ʣ°׵
˵ʱ⵽󷨵ϮͻȻҲ⣬ûԤϵĹҲʹáΤֳ
룬ȷʵôͷ˵ò֮ڵʱ֮£Ҳûлʹá
ͷΤֵԹղ˵ǲڰҹͻϮ֮ʱȻʹ֮ĶҩԸصӦòʤˡ
ϵɻΤֽ͵ʤ˾ҵƹ֮£Ե۹ڵɱ֯˵úڸûʣ¼ʵɱ֯ɱڱɽͱˡ
һ־ǰɱ֣ʤҲֻоɱɱų⻯ȴʲô֮ʤҲû˻๦Ҷ϶ǲʤ
ڷ۹һɱơ
ԣ˫һ˵˵ɱš
ΤֵĽ֮£ɱţҹɱҹֵ齨ҹֵܽҹ䣬ںСʱõһֽݵĹ
ҪͬʱұҪֵͨܣͨúʣҹݣںҹ֮вԽϢΣգ˲ݵ֮⡣
ҹݣڰ죬ԽԼȫ֮УʸҲֲˣһһΣգ˲ݵ֮⡣
ƾݺ裬ҪɱĴĳϸҲû⣬÷۹ֵǺ֮ǣɸûа취ÿ껹òٵʸǣΪĽϣǲӴɱĴ
˶ԽǮǳ̰ڽĴĲ֮ǴɱĴˣҲ£ȴὫȸ֪Ĵ壬ҪôĴ帶뷢൱ĲǱ
Ĵ岻ԸǱִ
ұɱĶĴĸ߲Ǻ󱲽ܳӣⶼĴĸĴĸҲ֡
ҲǿĴĹ˼ɣƽʱûǴɱĴˣҲԼթĴ塣
Ȼ֪ҹֵǳ̰ĴҲֻӲͷƤˡ
Ϊҹֵ̫ܵȻʹö㣬ֻҪʹݣʱǺҹǰ죬˲ݳʮû취ɱǡ
ĴҲ׷ɱֵܣһɳʮλʸ֣ҹɱ֯˶ɱ˸⣬Ϊ׵ҹֵȴˡ


019 
Ϊ˱Ĵ壬ҹֵɱĴüĺ󱲣ϼʸɱҪɱĴӵܣǵĺ
ɽĴŵøֻòҪĶҹֵͣÿҸǽٿʯŽ¸˽ᡣ
֮󣬱Ҳû˸ҹֵܣĴҲֻۣըҹֵҲһѧˣҲûй̶סҲˣǴﵽһ֮ǸͲҪ
ʹǾͱøѡ
ֻҹɱôû뵽ԼԺﲼҹһȥûзӦ㱻ը죬£ֱΧҪǽʱȻٴݽ˱֮Уõݣûʱʹá
ΪݻݣʹǶ뱣֤ݳķû谭֮ײϣϾֻǶݷ漰ռ䡣
ʱСԺ֮УɶţըΧǽǵţһǷӣаڣΨзǽʹݡ
йҹɱϢɫѿ˵ǣ۹Ĵ嶼κβҹֵܣһССܹκô
ΤֿɫԣȰ˵Ҫ̫ģ˵Ͳҹֵܣ˵ԼҹֵܵĻ뵽ҵοץסĵǲҹֵܡ
쵱ͬˡ
ɵΤֿҹ֮ɫһӱѿɫһڴҲ֧顣
Τֿҹɱļɱ֣Τϳ־ԭڿյ˭ҹɱԸǵҸǺ衣
ԭǴȥҾɱ鷳Ϊҹǰ뿪û뵽ǣڽҹȻһֱûг֡
ⲻûɿԽĵģɱֶر֮ҹɱʧ˺üиǽҹץסҹͲɱˡ
οΤ֪ҹֵܵĸ鼫ã˴󲿷ʱ䶼Ӱ룬ҲǿʵʵôԲҹһ
õϢԸҹֵһƾСԺıټϰ⣬ʱͲҹһ˱ץͬʱץˣҲôĵ
ٵҲãҹ䲻Ҳ޴ҡ
سǡ
ɫɫҲΪŭ˫۸Ǵ̺죬ȫ죬ħû
쵰һȺĻ쵰ȥȥ˷һ㣬ҵĶҵ÷飬ſ·ŮҰްһŵøϽܿ
ֱҲûжңͣ£ɫҵλãŰɣһôߵģôǰҡ
ԭڸղţٴαҼȥȥʱ͸оΪϴ涨֮ѵ
һãڣҳ˼չصĳ֮⣬ȫڣ⻹кüִ£ʽ׽˼
֮һΪ²õһʧ֣Ӷִ½Ϊִ£Ķִ֮λԭִµ
ϢȻ׼Ȼ׺䶥㲻棬ٸһλᣬ˸ûᡣ
һʮεڿĿжʧĴܴԭҹɱὫضִ֮λ
Ҫ֪Ϊ˾붫ҷ˻δ׽߾ͻ֮ǰٷڶõҲòֹͣԸҡ
ȴһֱûֹͣȻٶҵʵǾɱɱŵãΪ嶼֪ɱ֮ˣһǶֶԸңҲҵͷϡ
ʱһ𣬵ùȱ
Ϊ˱ⱻ˾붫֪ȥ۹ʽҹɱ
رҹɱĵϸ֪ǵĿֲǳġ
ôû뵽ҹɱһȥǴ˼һ㣬ѶȥȡƷĸ־ҲûһϢ
־һģνͬһϣһʧƣ־ҲùܲϢ
ѶȫޣΨһԭǳ£ҪôǱɱˣҪôǱҹɱɱˣ˲̽ҵȻĴڣǱֻһͣ־Ϯ֮ʱɱܿҹɱҲɱˡ
һȺͽĻ쵰һ뵽ҹɱڷ۹ŷɥȴһҶˣͺ޲ýҹҳٴ


020 ƻƻ
ңҵҪк̶֮ѨҽҲҪ˫ۣתһŽ߿ųɱ˳ȥ
ƼңƻڵСԺһϸ˵һ飬ƻüͷ壬һʵȷǷ۹ҹɱ
Ӧôˡڸǵ̽ӴϢǰͻȻ⵽Ϯﴫ޴ĺǴ֮˿еõϢǶ̸ˣ巢ʲôǲ֪
ǾסСԺȴˣ˵ץһڱǹڵ֮С
ƾЩ֤Ϯ֮˾ҹɱɣƻʵ
ȻҲ²Ϯ֮ҹɱȴǵڶ顣ڶ컹δмİ˽ǣȻȺ˱㿪ʼйҵ飬ֱʱ֣ͻȻϮ֮˱ץڵεϢ
ű˴ĵ֮Уֵǣûз˽ȥȴ˴ڵﲼõ󷨡
ƺ׼һиֱȫ˹ȥûˣֻڵ﷢ѪҸָϵεʱ󷨱ʱֻʮϢ˸ܳ
ɵһ֮ȴֵεſѪۣΨһԽ͵ľǴ֮ǽȥ֮ʱǲǸûзˡ
⣬鷢֮㽫ҵļ˳ǵ˴ǵ̸е֪󷨱ըȷʵƾըһֻƬʧ
˹飬Ψһֽͣ˿Ĺܱ߼ң˷۹ҹֵܻ֮⣬޵ڶˣԱضǡ
ò˵ƼΪĴ壬ǵ鱨òһľϸʤĸյָƣܱ߹Ҳָơ
һõұϮǱϮʹõַ빦صжϳԷʵһ
ȷʵҹֵˡƻüͷ壬ɻҹֵܵǳĲôܱץסѵʲô֣ȷĴ嶼ǿ󣿡
ûи֡һжΪ󷨣˵ҹֵܴҵ֮Уűը˶ץġ
ǴҵõϢ󷨺ܿã˵ںڽɭʱӳ֮ǰסĶ֮ĶԹǴ￪ʼġ
ʱҴһСӶŵõһݵͼΪĳλǿߵĶǰȥȻ죬֮еĶˣǸӳ֮ǰס֮أ˵õȫ
û뵽ӾȻ򣡡ƻ̲סһ̾û뵽СӾȻʦ츳ڶԸԽԽˡ
ǵġڸǴս֮ʱʹù󷨣Ѿ֪˶ڹע˾ңԭֻ޳ɷѾռϷ磬ϾҪ䶨ʦ鴫õЩ޳ɷΪ۲ݡ
˵ţ£үҾӦ֣罫䳹׵ɱɳȥľλһⶨǾҲûлˡ
ƻɫϱ仯Ƭ֮ҡҡͷǲ֣ܳ˾붫һƷɽ˵ڱ߾֮δƽϢ֮ǰңǴʱ֣ñ˵ƼԶš
˵ţƵһֱƷɽ֮λ˭չ黹Ƽ֮ˣƼ֮£ڶСӳ֣Ȼһ󻼣Ҳʧȥܶ˶ҵ֧֣ԺҲƷɽ֮λ
⣬ҹҹɱǱ֮ģϾҹɱ֮ǰ޶ԹɱֵǸԵ޹鷳Լұ붫϶ڶ˾Ҷڱ߾δƽϢ֮󲻵ҡ
ǴʱԸңڸҴѹǵĽڣͬʱ˾Ҷǲһʧȥ˾ҵ֧֣ԼҽѵĴ֮ףȣǵԹȫʲôǲ֡
ȻҹɱˣǾ֤Ѿ˺ˣȻˣǴʱֺαزһֽȥȥԸұãܽҲֵ徻ңҲҽеƱ¶һҵʵԺٶԸҲ׵öࡣ


021 ҹв
үӢһĵ
ЦЦƻҶңڹֵ۹鷳ò˶ã߾ս±ƽϢʱһڣ͸ǳˡ
סȥ

үôȥҲǰ취ͬһԹؿѾڼûгˣܲһֱŰɣ˵ҹ뿪أ
ܣҹ䶨ϴˣˡҡͷΤֲ鵽Ϣҹֵڷ۹ǳ׺ݣǳԵһοҹ䲻ô˵ģûץҹ֮ǰǾܳţ롣
ǰҹ䴳֮쵫ü֮˶óţµҹ䱨ôÿ춼вٵ飬һֱš
˶ڸţЩ˵Ҳνһľͺܲˡ
үͬȻģһİԹȻĻδ˵꣬㴫һĲҽС

ҽһɫ䣬λϷ𣬻ΪһӰŲҽ֮ȥ
ͬʱ֮еҲȫԸԵס
Ƭ̣ܵСԺһ£һִ·εµĵڵϣǰ䷭ûϢ
ؿϣһ壬Ѫ
Χûһˡ
ңҽҳŸȴҡҡͷأҲġ
˵ţһ̧ͷһۣҹ䣬֪ҹɱ˶ǱҲõɱҹҲǱץÿҶȥĥһб¾ҡ
Ǻͬʱȴҡҡͷһ㣬һãͻȥޣÿɱһˣҾͶݺݵĥһ٣Ҫãܡ
־ɱұ֤ȫ¼ȮһȻ˷Ǵ
ԣ˶ɫ䣬ɲôңҲҹڡ
쵰ҹ̲סŭȵֻ֪󡣡
ңһῴҵġЦٴ𡰽һÿɱһˣֱǽҹų
ҹ䣬ǵɵӣֵرһҹˣһҹͻᱻǸɱɡһߣҲûл
Ѿˡ˵
˵ͷżúú
˵꣬һתСԺȥȻŸĿ䵽һϣɫһӱ࣬ϾȻдʺĴ֡һһɱ
Ҫ֪ʱû⼸֣ζĸȫʱдȥģֻף֮˾Ȼûз֣ʱɱˣǻʲô
ʱ죬˶⼸֣һɫһƬҰףⲻǿţǳ൐ơ
ȥһͺȣ˶뿪ˣֻ¼ʬ壬żλϣȫǾסСԺ
ʲô취Ըҹ䣿Ҳûпֱ˳
˼˺ð죬ҡͷݵ̫֣֮վǰҲֲˣҹȴɱеĴ֣ǳԼ㣬ԾҪɱˣҲѡ˶ĵطҽиϵʱͲˡ
һ£ҽճ֣ʵһִµĲӣᷢһȴǴ̵࣬Ҫ֪ˣҲмϢ֪ҽУڸ־壬Ҫһֱڿ־֮Уֱ
ô죬ܲɱɡ˶ˣǵУ취࣬ûа취˶е˾
ҪƼҺͶҡϼΪĴ֮һʵǿֶͨ죬˵ʲôð취
һ˶˫һ
ܵġĻһˮ˴һ͸ҹɱڷ۹ƾǵɱĴĳϼΪ˶ԸǣĴֳʮʸ֣ûа취
ÿҳٿʯҹɱͽ⡣
˻˶ֲ̫ˣȻĴ嶼ûа취ҺƼҲĴ壬Ȼа취Ըǡ
뵽϶˿־壬ϵı飬ҡҡͷҲصģ취ģЩ⵽Σôȥú룬˵뵽취


022 
˵ţɿͨԶ峤ϣѧ֮ˣ㵽飬ܲʲô취Ը֡
ϣּһ䡰鿴
С峤ϵͷ
ż뿪Ҳ˵ǣȫϿжԸķ
С˻һõ˫һɽĻȴ׹Ԩһ߼󷨴ʦһֻҪһ߱ɣֻ󻹲١
߼ʦҲǸҵϿͣǸҾҵҲûǸ밡
ˣ취еģ峤ܹӲǴһЩϲε̾Ϣһ
صóȫϸĲ鿴һ飬ȷʵ֮ǰ˵ȫȷʵ˲ٶԸ󷨣Ҫ߼ʦ첻һŵĳʦͲò
ȫһ飬εҡҡͷ̾ϢҪôܶԸǸҹأ
ɱܲ
һִվų⻯ǰųѾҽΪִ£ԭ˵ǶԸҲ
ıְҵԤ֮С⻯һЦʲôϢ
ǵõϢ⻯˷۹ҹɱǰԸң˵ҹֵһҵϡִ¼ҴӵõϢӦóҹжҹץסˡ
⣬Щ춯ҴϢмһЩĸƺдٶҹҪԸҡ
Ըң⻯üͷһ壬ôܣ»Ժͳϻ᲻Ѿڱ߾ûȫ֮ǰٶʤ۹֣һңѵҴˣ
ҿκпִµܽˣϵõȫսطȣʤ۹ҲܴһƬء
⻯˫һ뵽ʹõսطȻӿ죬һʿͻȻʵǺεȿµĴڡ
ʵôҲܴﵽʰɣʱĵλȻˮǴߣĻҪ˵ɫ¡
˶ܲעľٶһҳ֣ǵĻᡣ⻯һĨ˷֮ɫٴλᡣ
ųôִ³
ֻҪõĻҪҽ⻯¶ЦõִһݣǾͷ⻯˶ģû뵽Ȼ
û棬ÿ겻ҽô棬ǵҲִ࣬зͬ
סִ»ȥ
תһȥڶҹٴιǰһһɱһִ£Ȼ˱¼ѪдĴ֡
һõҵԽأ˶˿־壬ȴûκεİ취
֮УһͺȣҹԵ֮д䳡Ϊ˷ֹҹˣȫϱ⻹ڰš
ǼסΧбһ룬ǽɣֻһ·ǧס˶˵ţֿǰҹȻ䣺ιЩҩúûָһ£һǾ͸ҽֶʹĥ
ҾͲţҹؿĸܿܡ
ǣү
ڶգĲҽбŵΪҹˣϽȴ룬䳡ʱŷ֣ҽвҹɱӵܣĥҹ
ŵˣŤͷһԱߵɣϵĿһһɨżȥûȫҴ
ǡƬ֮׷ߣӤȫˣֻʣһЩչصûе
ɶ˵ͷǰһĿɨһ۳¾һˣ漴ĿԶЦҹ䣬֪ѾˣɣװĴҹ֪ܵܿڵģкθ룿
˵ţһ֣һЦһյͨҹϱȥ

Ĳҽǽζһ·һЩ˶ŵɫҰףȫЩŮӣŵýرһš
ɴʱȴûʱȥǡ


023 Ϯ
ǵ˵ֲһĻҲ֮٣ҹܳĥΪҹˣʱֻҪžˣ¶ܽץס
ͬʱҲ뵽һֿܣҹҹ֮Ĺϵûдôãҹ֪壬ȻˣԼһٶὫ׼ŭ˵ͻҴɱ䡣
Ҹޣܱˣ콫м䳡ҵи֣а⣬ֻҪҹһ֣֡
⣬ЩֻԷҹûˡ
ûл䳡ҹĲҽ֮⣬ֻһЩСĿ
ǰɡЦһŤͷٸһϡ
ǡЦһԱ׼õˮҹ˿ȥˮһմ˿ڣҹ㷢֮жĽҲΪʹŤҲڲ
ˡһŭȻɫ͵Ŀ䳡Աߵһȫսӿϵȭͷ֮ŭռ䣬ݺݵĺϡ
䡭
һһСС˶ʱΪм񱩵ʶ涼һ㡣
񡭡
һӰǿ֮Ȼ֣Ա߷ȥԱ׼õɡȫһȣ˹ȥ
һ˵ٶȱǸ죬Ǿǰλʣ춯֮ʣѾӰһѾ嵽ǰ
Ȼû뵽ǣۿҪҹǰںµϣȴһ˲䣬ȻΪһ׹⣬֮ƣڰǰһ
ֻһ׹ǰһһ̰˿ա
񡭡
ޱ֮ʣԱһСԺΧǽһŤͷȥҹȻײǽϣӦǽڱȥ
ɴҲų嵽·ϣֻҹԵվ𣬶ǵ¶һĨѪЦӰȻʧ֮Уʧ֮УһֱϢҲĴڡ
ģܡɫˮϧĻδ˵꣬㴫һĲҽС
Ťͷȥһŵ˵ϡ

û˷ӦӶкü˵Ѫ֮С
Ǳߡһȣ˳ȥʱʲôûˣһӰӶûˡ
Ǽŭңӽÿձɱˣҿܳܵ˶ãһŵЦҹԽԽСʧԶ
Ļ쵰˫۳죬ûôھ֪ʹ
Ҷȥɡɫصк뿪ųǵµļʬоѹһʯͷ
䡭˸תرһһȻŴõ˶ɫһ衣
̫һŭ𣬴˱Ŵų˹ȥ
ԭ˻Ϊҹɱ֮ƻҴҶˣȴǸճ嵽ſڣ㿴һ£ߴһȺ죬ɱ߳˽
һΪ׵ߣɫһһŨصɱǸ֮һĻƼҼ
ֻû뵽ǣʱʵȻѾﵽ䣬ϢܲȶӦǿȥԺͻȻڵ졣
ɱһҲֱӣû˵һ䣬ֱӻһħ˹
Ƽҿ𣬸οԼǰҪԼӳ֣ŭɶһŭȥ
ɱ¼ҲһŭȫǳҲʾĴ£Ҳųȥ
ЩûдﵽߣһȺҰޣ˳˹ȥ׼õҲûкһȥ
δУһһһ
ߣɵúʹϵõԴһʵͻƣǰǶֻ֮һ˫ʵ̫
֪ҲǻֵĶ֣˿Ĳ˽˳ȥͬʱһתԻý֮óһ׼õעһսȥ
Ϊһ⣬ܷɢнӡϱ仯ȫɢ̫һĹâƵһ㣬Щã֮


024 
ֹڲ󷨣Ҫ˹ȥɷŭĻ⣬Ľãǿнʹò˸󺰡
ɱһŭԽ˹ȥԭϵ˻ģҸֽǸ
СġǴغţ첢ǣ˫ֲϵı仯ЩĹâҲԽĴۡ
ˡ
һɢ⣬Աߵ㼲ȥ໥֯գۼ䣬γһãͼ
ȥ
һͺãͼɢޱҫ۵Ĺâõ۾һ̣źһһСɽڵ棬ʧ
嵽ǰͷȥղ󷨵ɫһ裬Ӱ磬źһ˳
һգٽٴɾڴʱǰͻȻһŨصİһ̣ǰľɫһ䣬ԭĿ֮±仯ΪȻĸĸ˸ԽԽ࣬ǰ졣
ģô£ǰվ죬Ͳ֪ĸ֡
֮ʣǰЩͻȻһĻ˹ŵˣǰʵ̫࣬Ǵ˹ģõ޿ˣֻûӽ
ӦƣʧȻ֪ǰЩǻӰȴһ㶼ҳɣ˷ĻȥЩ죬ΪҲ֪ĸġ
һֵȴֻ·һ
æòɿȴվǰһЦؿ׼ЩӰ֮нɵ֮ʣͻȻ֣Σա
Ҫ֪ʵǿҲǶ࣬ϽǣסˣҲǣסˣһһ
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һӦһ֮ʣһԾ𣬶ǵͷȥ
ǵһ£ûüˣȻǱеǾȻ֮һΪΪǡ
һ仯ûзӦһǸ߸߾ŵһʱ֪ĸˡ
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ΪÿһǲϢǶôʵղŵû˿
ģô£ʮ˹˸֪ĸֻ֣ˡ
ʱҲסˣǰЩԼϷֳԼûһ𣬴ʱЩˣԼһ£ʹУһҪȻΪԼһˡ
ĸױЩӰûйֻãˣЩ˻ǵ֡˷ףԭһжԼӸĹ
һ̣Ҳٳɣһ˹ȥɸղǺ֮ʣ˶ģõҲǾ
һȥսһӰɢѵǰ´󾪣ȻҲǻӰһ뵽ղŵĻҳɣһ˹ȥ
ϡ֮ǵһԣֱð亹Ҫһ㣬Լһ֮ģڿֲСˡ
ҵǵ緢һ㣬ҲЩǵĻӰǱ˹
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һʧ֮ҲоԼӦٳ֣Ӧ׼ʱһɱ˳֮󣬱㲻ٽվ￴æҵֵŻӰˣʱ
ǣ΢΢˵ͷ֪Ѿ֮˴򶷵Ҫ㣬Ҳٵģ˫΢գнӡ


025 ɱ
һ̣ɶԴĻԴͻȻǵĶ־ȻһֳȻֳĸƬ̣ԭĶ־һʮ
ǶŲѣʹԭռϷһԵñ
˶ͻȻðԼûʲôӦ˴򶷾鶼쳣ķḻǽѵõĻ᲻ϷĹ
趨ã˫ۻһѾȫѹŶֵˣ¶Цݡ
ĿŤͷǱĻӰסǣǳĽƻȻƱЩӰŪæңʵ󷨱Եƶ
ѾҪƶ󷨱ˡ
ô¶һĨѪЦӰһ˹ȥ
磬һ㵽ڵֵһĻӰֵһ
һѸȥƬ̱ѵϣ¶һĨЦȻбĵǰһֻ̣ͻȻһõĺ󱳴˹ȥ
ͬʱֱ˹
ͻȻľõһϧѾܣֻ˫ɱһûһǴ̿յһתĴΪ·ĺ󱳱ȥ
ܵãɫһ䣬֪ⲻǻӰǴҲȻһתϷȥ
Ŀĺܼ򵥣Ϊľ֣ΪѾо죬ôĸԼĺ󱳡
Ϊĸ֪Ż屦ףѡͬھ
Ȼû֣һֱ߳ƨϣõŵһģֵҲƫ˷
һ̣ϵȴݺݵĺ֮ϡ
Ȼǧһ֮ʣȻŵһϵҲˣһ¿ûӵһõֻһ˺ۣûнɱ
ڵϹ˺üȦһԾվҲǵƲˣٴγ˹ȥ
ǣһ̹ȥӰ
ٶһû뵽ȻܹʶӰûЩӰҲ塣
һ
嵽ǰ֮ʣȻ߾٣ɢҫ۵ĹâֱϮͷȥ
ͬʱҲ߸߾ҫ۵ĹâȻһյǹ⣬һӣһ
ǹ䡣
֮ռ䶼ʹǵһӶռһѺۡ
䡭ݺݵĺһһǿĳȻը֮лӰȫ˲ʧǾ޴ĺ֮£첼õ󷨶ܵӰ죬Ũһɢ˲١
ͬʱǿĳ֮£˾߷ɵƤ򣬵ɳȥֱӳ֮⣬˻δأ߶Ѫֹ
ǹ仹һǸ߼սһǿǰԾλ½жǿʹõսȻʵãȫӳֻǷӳһҲǷǳֲġ
䡭˼ͬʱأ䵽ϣ˲ǷڵѪһԾ𣬾һ⣬˹ȥ
䵽ϣð춼ûԣղŵĶԻ˱أϾ֮ǰˡ
ɱд󾪣ϧ˺üζûܴӵҪǣеڸղŵĶԻ֮ɳȥ
޴ֻܿؿвϷŴ
ۡһ֮̽УһΣ鴤˼£ûϢֻﻹڲðѪ
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ϻСıԷֱ֮ϻһǸǱԷ׷ܺòǱ
һ֮У˫ֲӡЩսɵĽӡ֮УûĻӰٴʵֱһģһ
ɵڸղܵӰ֮ʱҲûͻȥֻϧʵ֮࣬ƴǣƣû취ѳ󷨡


026 ɱ
Ȼг󷨵ĻᣬǺϾǲһֱתȦǱɱ˵ģʱȥǲȥҲܴﵽĿġ
˶֮Уǿܵƻһʱ޸õģֻҪϽһҲˡ
ϧǸͲ󷨣ҲǷֵֺܶģһǹ󷨣ǿҲܸӣƽʱԹرգҪʱ±㲻׵ĸı䣬һڼ塢ķ
һֱս󷨣ֳΪսʦ˴ʱЭԼֻҪƽʱ׼ܼ򵥣Ҳһܳɹ
Ҳζţս󱻻٣ֻҪ׼ʦѸٲһ
ڲõĻӰԻһͼս󣬶Ҹղ˵ĶԻҲֻܵӰ죬ôأֻҪ΢Ŀһ£ָܻ
οβõ㽫Բ֮ڶ棬ôƻġ
ãˡһΧĻӰٴνʵ󾪣תҪȥϧһ˸ܳǰ˹
ֵֻ̫ͻȻʱѵǰκεķӦѴ̽š
գۼȥһһʧɫǳڷӰϽһתһɱȥ
ճǵӰ嵽ǰŲ·һҧһǳȥͬʱҲų˹ȥ
ϡսӴǵ㷢һ֮ŵһҪ֪ղǲ㲻ǣֱӳȥģȴǾȻǻӰһǡ
һ亹ٴλعʱǰٴλΪӰҲֲ˭棬˭Ǽˡ
ٴαڶΧס
ûм׷ӰһʮӰ϶ս
ԭͱʮΧţѱƵæңӦӲϾһֱõǶɫһӱòҰףһֻܾСӣҲ˲ЩΧϣ߳ȥ
Ȼճ嵽ǰǰһ˹ԭΪǻӰֻʶĻӽһ
ȴû飬ϵһ֮õöɫ䣬æٴλӽʱѵֻúһһʹ㴫ȫһȫ鴤Ƭʶȫʧ
ɱɱܲһŽµɱַɱͣ⻯ǰų˳ҡ
ʲô⻯ɫһ䣬ϱ¶֮ɫϻ쵰Ȼҷǻɡ
˵ţʵϻ쵰ʵΣ
ϢѴﵽɱֹĻشĻ⻯˫ȭø¸죬һͷҰһ㣬죬˫һҲһƬͨ졣
Ҳѹ⻯˵ķŭԭ֮£˾ɱɱţҲžɱʵҡ
û뵽ǣǼ˾ɱҲǾɱһ֣ûһȨһ˶޷þɱʵԸҡ
⻯ҪԸңҶ˵Ŷٱһң
⻯һۼĲ֪⣬Ϊ֮ϾʱƼҺͶҵĸֶڸǣȥ
Ȼ⻯Ҳ֪ģҲûйᣬھɱûһȨ಻뿪ɱûжʧ
Ҫ֪ɱĸֶ⻯ĸһִģͻȻһ˽еģȻͲ
Լˣ⻯ģصԼ
û뵽ǣȷʵˣȴǳʱܵĵҩˣȻʱҲɱļ֣ˣȴˡ
ҩ⻯Ҳۣߵĵҩ֮УȴһöƷҩöҩвһҩʦƣΪԼͻȻΪʶ׼ġ
һ⻯ǿѹеĳŭʵսΡ
ڻ֪ʱѾҵĴɱֻشڻǵ֮ǰҹ񵽹ңɱҺüˡ
ҹʱܣûйϵ⻯תţ羪ɱϿҳ
ɱֶһԾ⻯ŸǷɱȥ


027 ս
ŸղǱƵԼɴܵɱ־ô׵ϣ϶Ըӣ̾û뵽үʵѾϼһôˣү
أһÿЩϲǿһЦתǱȥ
ֵǵͻȻһƬһȺϣϾǿ־壬Ƕˣתܡ
ڶԸһѾӦӲϾټʵǿö࣬ǻǵ
ȻתһʹŤͷȥһɱվһԱĲ롣
㡭³֣һԵڵء
ֻʣ»һˣҲɣӰһŴȺĻӰΧȥ
ȥߣϧĿܵ͹ȥõûʱ˿
ʱҲ˹ֱӽΧм䣬ͬʱ֣ʮӰϮȥõмĻȫ亹ֱðͬʱôӰĹ
֮£ֻѡǿĹϣʱ޷ٵֵ
Ͼ˫ȭѵ֣ʱ˫ȭҪʮ˫֣ЩѾǳѵˡ
ۡ
ͬʱڻ֮𣬲׼մ̽壬ǿԱһõֻ뼸֣ϻһӣû̫˺
ͬʱһ֣Ǳ˹ȥ
á
ɴʧɫͬʱŻȥ
Ȼû뵽ǣȻ˵Ĺףǡ
ҲҪһ汳ҪԶʹ֮УһӣĴЦ
ɴʱѵǵǰżԱߵΪʵȻ̫࣬ٶȸ޷
ԽԽ˫˲ˣɸ鼱֮£һһֻһ㣬֮ŻȥȻٶȣֻ̫ˡ
ֻв幫֣ǽѾ̵ǵ·ϣŭӵļСҪ
ȣЦȴøΪ񣬸ΪѪ
ϡ
һãͻȻǰűһֻ֮һֱһʹѾ
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лϡɹû£Ҳһ
Ҷһˣô˵ͼôǺһЦԵúǺͰ
ԣҶһˡҲǺЦһʸ˵һˣȻ⣬Ļ˵
ȽˡһȣҼЩ˻սһ߳ȥ
Щ߶֮£ԭߴƽ֣Щ֣ŵıֻбɱ

ĲҽвÿһһŻߵ£Щҽжûüһ㵹˵ϡ
Ƭ̣ʮ߱㱻Ǹȫ
ˡһͺЩûʵûܲս˱ҩ˹˵
ǺгһĻ¶һĨЦݣŤͷ죬̾ȷʵǿӲƴǵʵʤˣҲøصĴۣЩ󷨵İǻʤȴԵúɡ
һ£ƺЩȫ˵󷨵˲׾ʹܳ˵Ҳǡ
ϻ档Щ˼ЦڻûĻӰԻҰ׵ķõģ֮⣬ĹֻĻӰԻ󣬲ʹγһĿռ䣬ֻҪ󷨲ƣ˾͸˵ֻҪԸ˭ԷǾġ
԰ϵʵҲЩֻԻסߣһﵽʣǿʶһ۱ֱܷ˭ǻ˭ˡ


028 
ԭˣѹָղܹǿֱ󣬿ʶӦÿﵽˡͷЦӽܲ󷨣ʵѵã󲿷ʱ仹ϰò˶ãܲĻӰԻ󡣡
˵ţĳͻܵɵǰſ˲İߣҿ߲ơ
ɫһݣʵߣȥ
һţ˱㿴ʮΧҴ֮⣬һ¶ɱǵʵǺǿǿֻ
һЩʶƻԼҵģЩһֱڸǣע⵽ǡ
һǱߣǵӣ׼û٣һݣǶ£һɱ֡
˭£ɲ֪ȴЩ⣬ΪơԼ˳ɵɱֹᷢɱ񻹹֮ǰ첻ڸǣвɱһֱţˣĻ͵ס
֣ôˣôô֡һˬʵȺ֮һʮ꣬еģȫɢǿϢӴ˹
һ·еǰڸܵǿϢ׷ÿ·
֣ôˡɹһЦǰ
˵֣£ҲһˡƹЦ˵䣬Ŀһӱ罣ɨЩΧˣͺȵվʲôѵǳԷɡ
ɲˣԼ˶ûˣĻǳԷЦȴ˺öҲǿƷһ
˵䣬һȺԸźüܰ峵˳оֵǣЩ峵֮ϾȻʬ壬ЩѪȪˮԳһ·һ֮·Ѫ·
ЩΧȫɫ䣬ɿڣһɢҪ֪Ϊ˵ǿУԲŸҼˡ
ǿжûˣҸһûˣĻҡ
Զ⻯żԶԶ㿴֮ʬûһ˵ɵ㣬ɫȻһͣ
˵ǰôһ˶û£ȫɱˣ⻯ɫˮһʵ
ȷʵǰδʵôɱģͲˡҲǳɻ
һ£⻯һתŻضȥ
ųǾôŹңһʵʵ
ǰҲھƹҲڣڹȥֵã⻯ĮصһôɱģҲö֪
˵Ҳ֪⻯˵
ǰվɵĿ⿴תȥ⻯ˣԱߵĴʵϣʶǼˣ
ŤͷȥҡҡͷʶΪ֮˵Ϣ䣬ƲʲôˣʵǿǱȲġ
šͷЦ˲
ԭȥģ룬ջǷˣվһսĺܴ󣬶ҴʱûŪЩ˵ɱǾʹݾˡ
ƹ󰲺˼䣬ƹ󰲱תȥʱʱȴȫͬղѾõϢʵҪǿϲ٣ڵʵ͵ֵסŴæ
ȴû뵽Ҳ֮ȫɱһûˣʵѾԶ
ѹᱻС㿴أԭʵ֮ǿƹ󰲵Уһս֮ʤȫΪ졣
ϾжʵģҪȻƼҺͶ֮ǰҲǡ
߰ɣҲȥЦЩʬ壬һǲٴҵˡ
š˵ͷ϶¶Ц⡣
תţʱ쿴ǱǺõĴţҡҡͷ̾ϢĴţôÿζأ
޺ãû뵽һ죬ֵޡҲһĿЦһ뵽ˣҲһ
˸սţͻȻһһ֮дõɫ䣬һһ㣬䳡ɱȥ
һ䳡㿴˽ǰڳϵҹϣһŵעܡ
ǰԭ첼õļһѾըֻһӡ


029 رͼ
ô£ʵ
ղˣ󷨡伱һ˵ľ
ڸղţ첼õһͻȻըһŽµߵը˳ܵǿֲϢ֪Ķ֣ҹߣԱýҹĲϣֻҪвԾǱ㽫ҹɱˡ
Ͼ˫ѳУɱܱȱ˾ߣʱһߵıǿ
ҹ䣬ҹİɡĿɨΧһۣµˣһҹȫֻġ
ֻҪٶҹһ£ҾͶң㼦ȮȻڿհ𣬸Ǵﴫģȫһ󷢺
ӽסһ𣬶Եʳˮȫϸ⡣ɵɱ־һȺӣûʲôġ
İɣҲóѡɵ˵ͷĿ֮ȴ˵ǡ
Ҫȳȥ㣿˵
˼£ҡͷУҹûû֪ʲôطǵһ뿪ңûǵıȴǵֻ·һ
ϾֻһˣҷɢɱһЩˣܲȫɱҲܱȴǿϾǴ󲿷˶û
ҹɱΪһɱ֯Ȼ࣬ҲֹҹֵɱǼˡһڰ˵Ǹǡ
ھѲǡĳϼ
ء컹δɱֹǼȻҹɱľɱ֣ʵȻСBͨҵǸܣпܱɱҾôˣһȥҹᣬҲķ֮
Ҳͬɵ˵㲻׼˵ǲңȻֻϣлҪģΪǵһôһֱصҹ鷳
ȰѺȥؽΡһ֣ͬҹڰ·ҹߡ
ȫСԺȥȻҹûа취˻Ҫһ£ܷҵ취
ڻѳĶһСӳܵǰ͸ɵǵǶ֮ⷿУ⼸ܶԼã˹
ͷɽӹƷһͷĺɫƣмʯһƤƳɵĵͼ
ʯȻ£ȴüͷǿǿƣԱߵĴ鵱ɫ䣬ô
ȫɫ䣬첻֪ʲôʵʲôô£
ǺǡϸоԼʧ̬Цʤ۹һǳǿǿŻƣ˵ǿŻԱ࣬һЩ̵֮ͽΪ׵źü֣ǿ߸ҳΪͷ
ʤ޼ɵ֮ʬҰûʮҲʮϵƽʮƣʤǵ֣Сᵨľ
ֻǵһƮõúܶǺ֮ǵĸָҲǵڡ
˵꣬ϸǲһ䣺Ҳֻǰңڵǿɲǣֻû뵽Ȼǵˣӻ졣
⵹Ҳ֡ЦȻǵ˶һȺ֮ͽͬǿΪĵԻʵշֻǣҲ
˵ţ쿴һƣֿһƤͼ˼һ£˵˺ܶǵĳԱҲ࣬ӦźܶƸǣƮ϶ܽЩϣҹͼǵĲر֮ء
ԣ˶˫һɸǾϲصҵõЩٵĲǼֱ绢
⵹ǡͷûʱȥѰ˵ţֽǿƤͼɡ
ⶫŰɣʱȥҡЦţֽƤͼ졣
ΪʲôҪȥңʵλӦýǵ˶ȥЩӦûΣգȥһô
㲻лýôЦЩٻĲƸѶѻɽȥҵû̧ܲܽɣǲ֪Ҫ˵ע⣬Ȼڵʵǵúܿ죬̫ЩĿӣǵ͵һá
ðɡҲٳɣƤͼý֮У뵽ԼҲջٶЩԼҲûжã㵱ȫ塣


030 а취Ըҹ
ҲЩȥչɡ⻰Ƕ¶ϲɫóĶԶԼŴã֮ǰЩҩռŲõ֤
ȻһӣƷĳǰƬ̱ѻһСɽʱд
Ҫ֪ڹֵ۹ϴЩ壬еĺö˻ý֮У֮ǰȻһЩ١ǣֻǽҺʯĻý֮װš
ʮĻۣǻһСô
ƷҪǷӦʱ˵ÿ죬ᱻЩ棬ȴûһһ˷ܵȫڲ
ðΣϲſˮĶʵ˵֮ǰ˺Щֵļ壬²İɣ
ȫϡЦҪŰϣҲô󵨡
ԣ˶ǸǽصԺ󲻿³çˣǹֵ۹ȻҲʣϾֻһˣ̫Σˡ
Ժ󲻸ˡЦʵѲһǵʸˡ
ΪóĶ̫࣬Ҳ̫ӣԭһôԸҹɵҲæָ
˶æòֺ϶ЦݣҲ¶Ц⣬ҹİĶղŴһ磬ڶһɨˡ
ⲻҲûа취ôҡҡһΤԼķ䡣
ӣղžɱ⻯оɱĸͻȻڸǣܿȥˣҵҲΤֳ
ԣͻȻ뵽ǳʱǼȫɢϢߣüͷһ壬¶һĨЦԭ⻯
һ뵽ԼȻɱһ򾡵ĻᣬкڲѣûйΤϢˣҪ֪⻯Ƕ֣ٶȼ죬ͻȻ⻯֮ǰϵұŵġ
ôԸҹ֮Ϣôٴʵ
ûСΤҡҡͷһתصҵõϢ˵ҵѾΪִ£Ϊ˷ǳգмĸҵҲ
üͷһ壬ЦҾñ֮ǰ֮𡣡
Τ˼䣬Իý֮óݸΤֵʱˣЩȥһǾ仰ڷչ鱨ͬʱҲҪʵһʵΪ磬ʵ㣬ͺγҲʧȥԦ֮
лӡΤһϲùĶԭΤֻΪøľһһѱƷеؼмͲˡ
ɵӹףһڵϣΪȻ켶нףǰҲ켶нף֮⣬֮лһʯһƿԼһս
ӣЩ̫ˡΤؿ죬ЦģҶУЩõõģղҲˣδٶЩ㲻ʲôԺҪҲڿҸס
ΤˣҵҪﶼ֪ǲƵģղţóôණȫˣһԽ
ΤֲùʧġΤʣҪ£ȴһסǲЩȻҹӣȴ㵱ֵܡ
Τ֣㽫Լ˶֪ڸʲôһ죬ҹϮˣҲûг
Ϊڽ˶еһԺӣиֶסһټϰλʸ֣õҹĴɱĻҲǴ
˵һɹɱ֮󣬺춼ֻɱһˣһǱһˡ
ҾȻʸ֡Ƶ֮Уҹ佫˿ڰã˫΢Уһһ㣬Цѹһ㶼壬һʶѣѵҹ䣿
ķ⡣
ɸ磬˵ڸʲôô춼ǿɣһĽ
Ҳ֪ҡҡͷλһ˴Լǲо󷨻
ⶼûгˣҲҪԷǵҪȥн
ٵȵȡסǵôˣзִ磬ôûгӦʲô£ǻٵһ˵ɡ
⡭ǳһŵͷðɣǾٵһ졭δ˵꣬ǽյĴͻȻµһ򿪣¶һƣ졣
ôˣһ죬Ǳȥ۵ᶼˣʱ˫ݣĺȦһֻèɫףҲϳͷңһӡ
û¡ǺһЦа취Ըҹˡ


031 ʰҹֵܣһ
ʲô취һҹϮͷ۵飬峤ұ˲󣬰취кüܹģҲңƼʤЩҲ
İɣһὫǸ㶨ġһصЦЦ˵žҪȥһʱ㶼ûԷˣʲô³˷ɣ
û£һҾͻЦЦ˹ȥ
ãȥ׼ˣҸȥ˵һ䣬ȥ
֧Σһɻؿ㵽ʲô취ʲô˵Ҫô
һ֪ˡЦЦ뿪ΣѴϡ
ǣүǶ˳ȥֻʣ츸ˣ֮⣬бֻʣ°ҹ
ҹͻȻΪˣǰѾʮˣԺͳΪҵūΪɡ
ҹ̧ͷмؿһ죬¶һĨЦ⣬ҲΪĻɻѡ
ɻûʻֻóö󷨣עһսãţķĶһתʱֻһöȫ顣
ɲǣˣķȴûɢͣҹͷһֻ̣˫Ѹٵı仯һӡϵЩϷɳսӡһӴҹͷϵķģЩľܵǣһ㣬ҹͷ֮γһã
սӿͬʱʶҲ糱ˮһЩ֮ӿȥõɷγɵããš
ȥһͺãͻȻһһҹͷȥһӴҹͷʱʧ
Ĳҽҹ﷢˿̣ǲҰ׵һӱþһ㣬ͬʱҲ΢΢زɫҲһƬҰףʶ֮ǱۿɼҹԴȥ
ԽԽʶ֮ӿҹԴҹĲҽҲԽõԱߵɫһƬҰףҿڣΪѾʱҹʶԿһܵţ롣
ɿԽԽ׵ɫǲԽ壬Ҳļ٣ȴﲻһæֻｹصȴţҶ´ŵ졣
ҷɡͻȻһŭʶ֮Ȼǿһɺǿѹһ㣬ҹԴ
һ֮еĲҽҹ﷢һ̣еɫһȫҵĲ
ʱʶ֮ҲȻһգȫε˺ü£ɼʶϽһѽסôˣ
û£˰ºãϺõĵҩˣһ֢ɫ¶ɫҹܿԺҽʵū
ô£ɻʵ
Ϣһٸ˵ɡ¶һĨȻһȻ˹ȥŵɸϽСԺȥ
صСԺԷǾȻղŻúõĶھȻ²ʡߵ飬Ҳùֵ˵
˭һȥأ²ʡȴǺúõģеίҲֻԼˡ
ε֮Ƭ̱㾪ңи߲ȫ˹ȵģһ첢޴󰭡
ֻΪʶ֮ĵ̫Բ˹ȥֻҪ˯һһбġ
ֱʱһ
һ˯һ죬ֱڶ糿
һۣ㿴㲵ףǰ׾ϻ飬õ۲ѣĸףû£㲻ż
ˣԴȷʵûʲô⣬һҲƣվȥȥ׼ˮ㶼ûԶˣϴһ¸ϽȥԵ㶫
ԴһԾǵǰĸף֣ЩԼġ
ĸ׵ĻˡһԹؿ죬ָмֻۣһǰȥ׼ˮ
һ㶫ţԭڼϢģ뵽һҹ䣬Ƿ뷨
һ䷿֮УŮչڴһҹ쿴ҹʵô´ô
үϵ˺أûһǲ´ġŮش
š˵ͷҹŴһ̧˷䡣
Ƭ̣Ǳ䳡챻ըĴѾϣ˽ҹŵĴϡ


032 ʰҹֵܣ
ҹ䣬ҹڴˣ㲻ϣɣʵ֮ûгԹһжΪң֮ǿԺͽġ
Ը⽫֮ĶԹһʹӴ˲ҵ鷳ԽҹߣҲǵ鷳
ĻΧȫɫ䣬Ƕɵӣɱֽͣοҹɱײеɱ֣뻢ıƤ
һҹѶԸҪҹȥһ죬һϲϵϮңҿֲ㲻ɱҲñǸĥ
үɱûÿԵġ̲סȰ
ȴ쵭ȻһЦҹɱҲǴǻõġ
Ҳ̲סȰ˵ȴҡҡͷд㡣
Ȱ˵ȴһļᶨõôҲò˵
ҹ䣬֪ˣ𲻴ӦܵøػӦʹҹȥұ֤ò˼죬ҹָǰһӦǾһƴһ˴ͬھҲ㡣
ƾҲͬھȻ𣬿ɲôﴫģͺ˷
һϲЦҵʵȻûа취ͬھһʦ֮ǰıӦƷζ˰ɣҲ¸㣬ǸģֻҪ΢ǿͱɡ
ƾһʮޣٴг˲м
Ų㣬ڹֵ۹ʱҾһʣ㲻ţȥʣȻǿ㣬ЩҲֻϢסǵ߸֪ʵ岢ûʧ
Ҳϧһдۣ֮в󣬳ԶͱɣֻǽըˣҵʵҲӲ
ҹû˵ֱƬ̣ٴô֪ⲻıҹԲô죿Ҫҹ¶ҩԴô죿
Ϊһɱ֣û˱ǸϤҩӵҹ֮󣬿ԼһǷ˶Ա߲һ£ǽҹ͵ָĵص㣬֮ٽߣӦÿԷˡ쵭Ц
Ƭ̣ҹãھͽҹ͵⣬һһͬǰֻɳʵǰ
С쵱Եǵʵʱ㷴ڣ㻹·һֻܽҹ͵⡣
ڸ⣬Ҵ¶ʱʾͺöҳ֣ҹЦ
һԣ˵˲֣Ͳ֡Ĺһи֣ʱչıһûɵ̶ֳȡ
ûгģҽͲֱﲼô󣬵ͬھ
žҶһƬž˶ס˺ҳһҹĻش
⼸һֱµĹţҹ̸ֵͣҲһ飬Ժùֵµӡ
ðΣҹųãͰ˵ģҿɸǣһҷǸҲҷٺãҲа취ǣǣǶҪΪᡣ
û⡣ٺһЦк˽ҹ̧ȥһֱߵſڣһ֣ʾ˶ͣ£ֻ̧ҹǰߣֱ֮߳ŷ·ء
ҹ䲢ûмȥҹڽΧһȷʵû֣Ϣߵҹǰ
ȰҹһȻ˵úأϢƽȣûΣգ֮⣬Ҳûжļ
һҹͻȻֳӰһѱҹɱȥ˿ҹҪȥȴס
ҹ䣬죬Ժټͱһ㣬ǳĶҹ˵
ģҹúǻһٶȹңúøлǵдҹĴгɱõøһĶʱᵽɤۡ
鷳ˣҹ֮ǵҹúҪǡϾɫҲɫ
ģûʲô˵ġİڰֵûˣȥϢɣºܿġ
㵽ʲôƻ˵˵Ҳ̲סʵֻЦЦǷġ


033 ʰҹֵܣ
תȥȻҹûг֣˶磬ÿ춼ŵľӣƵҲѹֵ˴
ȴûһ㣬˹һ֮󣬱˵һչȥˡ
֮У˰֮⣬ҲֻΪƽȻ֪ʲôֶΣԼĶӡ
ҹֽŵҲûƽ
СԺ֮Уɽüͷһɫ˼飬һͻȻڵӴ
͵һŤͷڵһĨϲɫţеİҲ˳϶¶ϲЦݡ
Ƭ̣˳ȫһЦؿţڿʲôһ㣬ѵһ죬˼һСͻôֵôСֵô
һСͻأڿǾʦߵǰЦڰǰȴһսСһ
˶Ϊҹţ϶ǹⲻ˵һ¡
ȴޱȵڰǰǴʧ֮ǰһսûҪȻĸĸԸԼӱ˽ʮ
ʦڴ½Ŷû룬ͲֵòһᡣҡҡͷԵöԼʵǲ⡣
ˣǵʵȴǿʱһġЦ㲻ʮѡ
ͻƺܿ㴫˶Ϊ֮˲ѣΪˣʱҹֵܵ顣
һƬС֮УŽµΪ׵ʮңС۾ɫúһֺΣյĸоҹҹ䡣
оôˣҹ俴ҹǱдżֹġ
ûʲôˡҹĻش˵䣬һתĥңҪȫ
Ҫǲʲô£㽫ãǱжҹͷֵ˴ô꣬ļ嶼ûǳôĿ˳𲻱ȥԺֵܻ㡣
ٵȣھҪȥҹ˫ɱǣͷ
塭ҹ䵣ĵص
С˰˴¡ҹԵվԱߵ⼸ǾǣҪ
ǣɱǾ
˷ɱȥƬ̱㵽ǳſڣǷɱӰȻƬ̱ʧ֮С
ʱǰ죬ȻҹʺҹжⲢ˵޷ֻЧûôöѣһ뷢Ǻѵġ
˺ܿ㵽ţӰһ˽ȥŵûз˿Ĳס
ȥҼһҡҹǸ죬ֻҪұ޿ɾ塣
ǾסԺﲼ󷨡ҹЩĵ˵
ֻܲһЩ󷨣Щ󷨶󣬸ƶͿƣֻҪǲȥ㲻¡ҹһЦصСԺܵΧǽԶ󷨣ΨûУֻҪǴӴŽ룬㲻¡
Ҳû󷨣ֻҪһݣȫ¡
˾ͺáҹͷ˾飬ǾסСԺԺŽ˸ûз֡
ҹͺСԺǳϤһ㣬СԺ﷿߰˼䣬ļ䲻ȥƫƫס˹ȥ
Ȼҹľٶҹɻѣҹ֮ǰôãΪ֮ǰ֪ģҲûйĻɣ
˻δķͷ洫ΪʲôҪҹߣֻЦ˵ҹֵҲǽˣŲʧŵġ
ǵЦݣݵҹ˶Цѡ
ҹҹ˵ͷָָɣ˼ҽ죬ɣһ֡
˱ֵܣҹһҹƣ˼˵ͷϢҹ˹ȥ
ʱɻ˵Ż˵̫ɱûɽģҹŻǾǷŻɽ֪һɱѵ
״ҹһĨŨصɱһתһīɫĶ̽ͻȻϣɵıı˹ȥ
磬ԽԽҹѪЦҲԽŨأȻҪɱ֮ʣһƿȻı
ɫ͵һ䣬ҹκεķӦ󱳱һ죬˶ǰ׷ɶȥ


034 
˵ŻͻȻоһͣԱ߱һԾöȥҹ䡣
ʱҹҹҲȻڵǶǴ󾪣ɸҹ˹ȥ
ץסһùܡһͺȣѾҹ˹ȥ
Ȼ֪ʲô˼ȴûгɣӰһת׷ɵҹ˹ȥҲȭգҹ˹ȥ
䲻֮£ذһҹ仹ûرѪֹأǱ㵽ˡ
û˵ȥ㰴ס˫֣ɵڶ嵽ȻҹסǸȭͷԴȥ
Żáæֹֻ÷ɱҹ䣬Ҳǿнҹס֮Էսˡ
ΪʲôҹûסˣҲû°³ѪվͺڿϷһҹʵ
Ҫ֪ղžҹͻȻ͵Ϯ˱ܡ
벻ף˲ֵܣƽʱȻΪԸԭ򶼱Ƚ䣬ǵĸȴǲΪʲôҹͻȻ͵Ϯ
ûлشҹ䣬ҹûпҹ䣬ת칧һӣɡ
ͷóһʯҹǽģúԺٲĺô
лӡҹһת˷ţʱûпһҹ䡣
ʲôҹʱҲҹĲԾղ˵֮ʣݴͣ˫񣬸Ͳһˣһܰ㡣
Ͼͻ֪¶һĨЦ˵óöҰס
ҲûΪʲô˱֣ҹ˵ϡ
죬ҪʲôϽͣ£ҲŹġ뵽ղҹı飬ҹ¶֮ɫ
ûսע֮УõҹͷϷһ飬Щͷ֮ϡ
нӡʶ֮ϵӿЩγһãһҹԴ֮С
űҹ֮дҽ֮ͬʱҲϵõɺֶ㰴ס
ԽԽʶ֮ҹĽԽԽֱ󳹵ϢɫҲһƬҰף嶼ҵҡ
һѽסЦû¡
˶վԵǱ˰ڵϵҹ˸һɿվӡ
һٶɺǶĿɿڴҪ֪ҹղŻҪɱǣôôƬ̣һ˰㣬Ҳֲ̫ˡ
ɺܿע⵽ʱҹݴͣ˫ӣղŵҹһ㣬ȫ𾪵Ŀ⿴졣
ҹȻȥɣмǵ¡Ϊʲôûб͸Ǻͽˡ
ǣҹȻȥͺûһ㣬ʧ˵Ŀ֮¡
Ҳ̲סʳ
ǶʹõĽסʶֻҪǵʶ֮һֱңԶǵĿܡЦԵƺܲһ㣬˶Уȴޱȵš
󷨻˳ΪܵģЩĵ
һĶǲûй̶̬ΣȫЩɣַĲͬϣγɸֲͬЧ͵ҸղʹõĽһֽԷʶȻǿעԼ־öԷԼ־ж
ô˵㲻ǿʶ֮˳ΪܣɫףˣǾֲ̫ˡ
ǲܵġЦȻǵʶסʾǵʶˣǴڵģǱסˣһǵʶҲᷴұԼʶѹס
ԣһ̫࣬ԼʶãѹƲסǷʶʱпܱǳƽһ£ƵĿʶóԼʶ֮һ㲻¡
ԭˡһҪȻʦҲֲ̫Ժ˭ǣͬʱЩʧܹƵĿƣҪ֣ץһţңҲ尡
ͻ˽ôûô࣬ĵĻ죬ҹֵһͻʶĽ󣬶˺


035 ɺһ
ĸײżͻ˽Ҳ»ɶѣʲô˺Цڵʶ֮Ѿﵽһ۷壬볬ңǲܵġ
˾ͺáһƣ̬˵ϢɣǾͲˡ˵ţŻлҪʵɱȥ
ȥıӰ¶ҸЦݣȴûôɣȻõҪֻܵͣҪʶǿԣȴһֽ󷨡
ʶѹƶԷʶǽԷʶҲζпѹƲס
ϾԷִʱҪĻԼ־֧жֻܷ־
һ죬ܵõõʶһӱ󣬻ǿ߰ǣʶǿǿֵʶܾܿѹƲס
ѹƲסĽҲղŶ˵ôɣԷֻǰĿƣܵɣܿƣֿԵġ
ԣȻ֪󣬶Ҳܲóȴһֱʹãֱҹ䲻ɱˣʵûа취Ųһеʹá
Ϊеķ̫ˡ
ʵҲһְ취ԽַգǽҹֵܸɱˣҪɱҲᷴ
ĹʵòײŽǿס˭ýɱأ
ҺûжǿߣҪȻɾ鷳ˡ¶˵ЦݣڵʶѾﵽһۣҪҹֵܽʶٵ屶ϣζҪϵĸ֡
û첻ףҲԲ࣬ҹֵ˴ˣϡ
ҹֵܵΣˣȻɺˣ˸Ͳ֪νģɵı飬ףȷʵѾˣѹϵĴʯҲȻһᣬȫ¶ϲЦݡ
תȥ
ϣ峤һЦסԺӣԭɻΪԼ£Ц峤ϣʲô㴵СԺˣ
峤һЦеү
һ㶣˵ͷ
߽ݣ￴ȫͨԶһ㽫ŹϣүѾ鵽Ƶرˡ
Ŷ˫һʲô
Ƶر٣Ŀǰֻ鵽֣һ飬һֱҺ峤ϵֶɵʱҲδػһҵǲס
ֻҪϣͺáʵ֪ʲôطܹң
ûҵйصϢͨԶҡҡͷ
˼£ɱֹӶ鲼½ϢΪͨ϶֪ǵϢ
˵ţҪȥȴ뱻ͨԶסүЩŵر˭֪ռΪУȻɱֹӶ½ˣ˵ҲһҪ֤ԼĶصλͱгԽһеʵ
޹黹Һֵһ֪ԼȡˣôܻñȥȡʲôǳΣյĵطǶȡǵʵȡˣǾ͸ܡ
󹫻ϢǸϢļֵշѣǶ޼֮󹫻ҪϢշҲǼΪֲģ¾˾Ҳδ𡣡
⡭üͷɵͨԶ˵òֱ˭õϢûĵɺòҵһ˿ϣǲŹġ
үҲż֮ǰ˵Ҳղ˾ҲϲϵģЩӱҹֵֵòðҲֻʮżкܶ඼û飬ȥһһŻܵõõĶ˵ܴҵһ˿ͨԶЦ˵
ðɡ˵ͷ
ͨԶһߣ컹ǲģ׼ȥ󹫻ʣ˻δţ˽һЦصү㣬ȥӭӡ
ңۣһɻص˭
ȥ֪ˡһЦһء
˵ˣԼȥȥδţ㿴һĸϻżɬŮӴ
ɺ¶죬ǰôˣ
ѵҾͲɺһЦĵ
ҲǸ˼Цҵİȫƻ·ϼӺ㣬ǿǺΣյġ


036 ɺ
ģڲٶҳ֡ɺЦ˵ЩԼ޴Ĺף˺ң˸ҡ
˾ͺáһȻɺû˵ʲôĸ֣ף˿ҲһʣҲҪϻƷɽɳֱɺ
վˣ˵ɡ΢΢һЦһ·죬СԺȥ
֮ɺһ󣬱˸뿪ֻʣˡ
ƽáɺ죬ü֮¶֮ɫ֮ǰ˵ʣһ˹ֵ۹ҵĻˣ춼ƽµ
İɣûµġסɺϣЦϿſռŲ򲻹ûġ
֪ɿռŲҲҪʱġɺʳ֣ܿռŲ
ûôأҲ񡣡Ц֮ǰһ˹һء
㻹˵ɺͻȻۣŭ֪֪ΣգҪǳʲô⣬Сɾûˡ
ģҲµģһҪǸԼءЦţԼһСһ㣬ûнǷС
Լ֣ɺһĨȻܿһת죬˵˵Щ飿
㲻Ƕ֪һ㵵ؿɺƼҵɺôܻ᲻֪Щ飿
Ҫ׿ڸҡɺĿתؿ죬гڴ
ðɡ΢΢һЦ뿪Ƽ֮ʱ˵˾Ȼڳʱɺ˫ȭգϳŭ⡣
ϳ˴ʱ¶˷ܵɫ֮ʱֱţ֣ͺ侳һ㡣
һֱ˴죬ֱ̻ɺ뿪
ɺģϳ˵ǡɸ磬Сôȥô
ôУɹһЦȻûˣȲƼң츳ߣʦɺҲǴ´ࡣ
Լô죿ǵɺԼԵĽƽŻԼƼҴӦɺ޸ԼҲӦġ
ûش𣬲ɫȴǱһͻȻᶨصֻҪԸ⣬ҽȫ֧֣ԼΪУҲϧ
һ£¶һĨЦԼȻʤĴһ֮ǰЩǿЬ䣬ǶûЩѲһԼһ뽫ɣ
첢֪˵ĶԻɺԼķ䣬Ȼкǲᣬ뽫ɺң֪ԼڵʵǸܵġ
һ飬ٴ
죬ɺҲûңǹѵõеӡ
ɺþڵʱɺҪ뿪ڵȻƹ̻ᣬæܳʱڸǡ
ɺĻ˵Ҫúù̻ᣬ̻ᷢչ׳ڼ֮еĵλΪԺ󷴶Խƽ֮ĻԼ
ڣһʱŬ꺮ʵúܿ죬⣬ŬԼȫƹܵӶŴ֣ԺЩ̡
ɺĴģҲ˿ĵ
ɺһߣԸɱҹֵԼǵļɱѾû˿в
ɺһϢ۹ķͺܿʱػȥ۶ܷ⣬Ųûء
ǾɱǵĲƱȥһļҴ壬һֱûˣѾ¹ȥҲ֪ļҴʲôˡ
֮⣬ҪȥһָСıƵõȷ֮ˣϾʱѾԶˡ
ɺ㵽󹫻ȥһ£ɱֹǳȷĸûƵرϢӶᣬ˵һܱ֤ٷ֮ٵȷڴ½֮ϱΪУʤҲǷǳңԶ
ܲ˵ǣһܰٷ֮ٿ϶ϢӶҪʮڽңڹֵ۹˼ĽҲǧ
תһȥ
ĸףҳȥһˣͲˡ˵һҪתȥȴԱߵȴסǲҪȥԸɱ
ţɫ΢΢һ䣬֪µֻΤ֣ȻԼĸףΤֲԼ˵лЩ⡣


037 ɱ
ΤָҵġЦ֮ǰΤְҾɱܲһ£Һ֪Ҳ뿪һΣˡ
ûѣǱΤһ𵽾ɱܲȥˣڵԸȻǰȫһ˽һЩɱ鷳ζҳ֣ǾԲŹǵġ
ĵˣҷǳ޳ɣҶȴ޳ɣѵˣҲҵһӣһӣʲô¼嶼վһߵģɱʤɱţһȥԸǺգΪʲôңȻʵãô˵Ҳż
һ£ЦҿɲһȥҹֵܺµļҪһȥǣɱ׾٣ҲûҪٸ˲ǡ
²ȥûãǱȥᶨصӵҲھɱϣΪҼұΪֻһ
һ£ͷðɡ
ҲȥҲ
ĸ׾ͲȥˡЦɱҲһҹֵܣиף߱νע𡣡
˵òڼҵǵĺϢɡҲȰ˵
ǵǵʵȾɱǿܶ࣬ʲôΣգǵ˵ͷ
֮
һƬС֮У졢ɻҹֵԼҹɱȫվҹֵܵѾȫãȻĮ֮ǰһûб䷨
һ·ϣǶ̬ȴԵúǹõҹɱɻ󣬵ҹֵܶû˵ҲɣҪ֪ҹɱҹֵžԵȨɱȨ
ɱܲǰǸСׯǿų⻯һ£һҹֵȽȥҵ⻯ȽɵȺףʱǶɶˡ
⣬ھɱлһʦǳҲܽҳɵ
˵ţ쿴ҹɱʱǷֱӶϷɱȥǴɱȥҪþɱһܲ
û˵ǽĿ⿴ҹֵܣҹ򵱼
ǡ
˱ɢҹֵҲϢŴׯȥһ·ϷɱڰڣȫǸ׵Ľ
һĲҽͻȻԴ𣬽ţеɱֶˣ˶˳
ڴĲҽ֮ȫħһŴ˹ȥһ·ľɱɱֶĻɱ
һʱ֮䣬ҽپɱɱҳһţĸ֣Ǹ͵ֵס
Ƭ̣Ǳһ·ɱ嵽˴ġ
ǣ⻯ȻûһһؿڣҰ˷һ㣬һţһ߲ϻ
ߣɱȫһѵڵϣһѪؿڵһ˺
һֵעΧͺħһ㣬ǣۼԱߵʮɱһҲȫ¶־塣
졣չһϳ漴ֽĿתһɣû뵽ǻûǳ֣ǾȻһˣһ˹ĸ֡
һ˲ңҲˣǲ׷ɱҶӣ˶֣ǣҾͲҼһɱ
Ȼˣǽ;һߡδ˵꣬Աߵ⻯һȣ˹Сȥ
ĶҡӰһȥһˣɱӰһ˹ȥ
ɱ˶ɵҲҳǵܲڣһӰĸ֣Ծ׼
һڵʵ壬֪֮⣬ǵ
һ⻯λղűɱСʵӲ˫һϣԿֻǡ
֪ԼɵĶ֣ҲҪȥ䵲סԭ⻯û죬ʱֻҪ֣Ͳɡ
뷨ǷǳȷģӰճǰͻأһ⣬һű˹ȥ
á󾪣Ǻ̫ͻȻٶ̫죬Ӧ۵һ̽š


038 ɱ
ۿԼ֮һĨ֣ٹ֮ϴеһӣǰȥ
ãڿдƿȻû£һĺӰһ㣬һһǴ֮ϵҲˡ
ꡭѪȪϸߣȻء
ʱͻȻڵӰһɱɱһ˹ȥ
δһ̽ı˲ƳĻΣ̽ıġ
˲㱻ǿʣµɱ־岻ѣȫĿһһɱǡ
ֻҹֵܵĹֲ̫ǿԷ˵ģǾ֮ʣһͻȻǰĿˣдвãӽҪ̹ȥϧĻ̌һͻأڵ֮̽ϡ
ֵĲҽԱߵ󾪣ͬʱǰӽȥǵȴ˿ա
һ̣ͬʱоһ
ǳ⻯ס֮ҹɱ˾ɱĵͼɱ֮Уħһ㣬ÿһӳһɱֵ
ȻɱʮˣȴȻ֣⻯֮⣬ɱȫҹֵɱ
Ǹûзأ󱳶亹нңҪǵҹ䲻ǹ˼ҹҴɱ䣬ǿֲĴɱ˭ܷˣ
֮ʱһĲҽٴδŤͷһŷ֣⻯ĺֱ˴һô˻ᣬһӣһ⻯Դˡ
˲䣬ʮϢиֶˣʣµľɱɱĻаֵ֮ģһȫֵķɱȥҲ飬һ·׷ɱֱʱ֮Ż
˶û˵ϵıѾˣûʱһɱûлڣұ㲻֪µ֣ὫǵעǲԸҡ
Ͼڵ̫ˣҵĶ֡
Բûһ⻯ɱҹ죬Į˵֮ǰ˵ǸʦҲûҵ
üͷһ壬ߵ⻯ͷʬǰ鿴һЦԭ೤ˣѹûһɱ
ڴׯһȦûзʦȻЩģҲΣɱЩõĲƸȫѳ콫һָҹֵܣЦ죬ܸһ鷳Ҷк񱨡
ãô˵ˡҹֵĮصͷŲżسǶȥ
ҹֵĿܣȻΥ˼ղô˵ֻΪµѡ
첢ñ֪ҹֵܣϾƱ˳Ϊʵ̫˿־壬ܻܿ𲻱Ҫ鷳
ڵҲЩˣװҹֵܺһ㣬ЩֻҪһ仰ҹֵܱᾡǰռĲƸø
ԭȫԽҹֵɱģǱϾҹֵܿϣһ֮ɱʵڿϧ
ҹֵԶȥıӰɱаңСѣҾǲð
ʱȴһЦصȫ˰裬ʲôöûзӳҹֵܵĴɱֲ̫֮гļ£ʱҲ뵽ҹҴɱ䣬ǻʲôµĺ
ڲõˣԺǵһЦҲ¶˷ܵЦݣҹֵĴɱ֣ҵʵ֮ǰҪüǻڰ˸Ͳ֪
ţͻȻüͷһ壬ûиеԾҵͷôеΡδ˵꣬һȻء
ף󾪣ϽַסɣֲŸսӴɵ壬Ҳһȥ
¸¸¡һЦԶһֻһ׶ȫں֮£ֻʣ۾ڶ٪Զ
٪ǰһĹЦҺӾפ֮ŪһңҪȻο군ˣںˣҲΪɱжҲҵģ¸¸¸¡
δ˵̫ˡһЦԵһԾ٪˹ȥ
á٪󾪣һӣһѺ̶ϮûǺ֮һ˲̴٪岱ӡ


039 ǵ
ǺǺǡ٪ŲӣﲻðѪƷһһֵؿ죬Ƭ̣㵹س鴤Ϣ
ûкˡҲԵһЦؿҺ׼˻Ҫĵ
ڸղţҹ֪ɱĶʦ֮ɽһöⶾ£Է⡣
ϾʦʵǿΪɱĹǸɳԱӦ뿪ɱŶԣҶʦĶ̫졣
û뵽һȻˣ˭뵽ɱöʦŪһء
٪һѳһЩװŶҩƿӣʲôҩŪףҶԶҩҲϲ㽫Ǹȫˡ
ھɱӪ֮һȦһǳ֮ҵһڣ棬ëȻǣȻŲˣǶѱ˲˹ӣȻǱ٪Զˡ
ǣȻͬ飬֪жѲܾΣ㽫Һ棬ѡ
˻صϦб£յСԺſڣ㴫ŮһȻǣһȴЩİֺ
ɫȴ΢΢һ䡣
ôˣЦòŮ˰ɣ
ô˵ôɵһۣɫȴˡ
òɣ󾪣漴ɫһ䣬Ȼôˣ
ʱǸ˭ˣǰŮˣ첢ûʲôøУܾŮӽʲôĿġ
ңô֪һЦصһأϧĸǳĵͳ˽á
ѵ˵꣬üͷһ壬ʵ
ÿһΡҡҡͷһµһ´ϣȽȥɡδ£ɾһˡ
˼£СԺȥһţ㿴Ժ졣
ĸףһˡЦŤͷЦôֻһˣ㸸أ
Ҵȥˡ
û°ɣɫ΢΢һ䣬Ϊ¡
û£˵Ҵܿ˵ţŤͷһԱߵĺ
飬ǶʱΪʲôûнΪˣ¼
겻Խ׳ʵˡ￴죬һҲû衣
Сôʱң첻䲻ȵʵĿž裬ںʵС
谡Ӧصҽ㡣
İɣһ죬ЩˡһǱͷȥɣŮ죬һҲΡ
òԵĶźͷԼķȥ
ԭģȴô޷˼źӽǵĿġ
ŮĻ϶ʲôĿģֻûбֳҵʲô˵ܴвһ˿Ծһ˲ʹ˳޳ܵ͵ߣһ͵Լĸס
˰죬ҲûκεĲԣ˶һЩ޹ؽҪ飬ɵһҲǺǽʲôȥˡ
ȻǿûĻЩ£Ǻмأûнʵߺֻ˵ɴսڼұ˴ţԱ㵽˳⡣
ɸ磬ˣһεεͻȻĶУõһȫ˲㼦Ƥ
С㡣ϤʱȴЩͼǱһ㡣
ɸ磬˼ҶһˣôҲ˼һݣٴ𣺡ѵң
أСϻۣô㡣ɺǺһЦ
ҲҺͽô˵Ҳˡ
ɸ磬һ죬Ϣһ°ɡҲЦ
ΪʲôɸղˣֻʵЩܲˣһʳ⣬õɶ֪λ
ǽεεҲʵܲˣȻһһŮ˾ϲԱߣõβѣǲشãشҲá
ŵǣйɵɣȴʲô˵ʱɵɵķЦ
Ů˹Ȼûġҧгݵص϶빴ףҲð±ĸײǡ


040 
ԭΪסһ뿪û뵽ǣȻһס죬ԭƻȥǱصҲòƳ١
ϾԺһ㶼ģǰ֪ȻҲͲ˵ˣϣǾԲ뿪ġ
Ҳ׵ᵽΪʲôҪܺ̫ˣ춼ΪԼǿˣҵˡ
֮⣬һһеñǻȣõȫ飬ȴ
ϾǱݣӦõģԼоͷǳĲ
֮УҲγúﲻڣСŮˣǸû¡
ǵĻ˵ʵ˺ܺõģֻǶ̫ǰɶԲǾ͸ƽˡ
ǵĻǳ׵ˣ֪ĵ˵ҲȥҲֻԼСĵķ
ס죬˶ʱ뿪ˣһߣסһ죬ӾɱܲõĶøɺҲ뿪ҡ
سҡ
һ̷üЩ⣬Ŀ磬ɫ㣬ȫɢǿϢһվҲǽ䱸һ֮С
»ԣҵļվ֮Ȩá
ʱ·гȫɫվһЩи˸ĺ⣬ȫɢɱ⡣
֪۹ҹɱΪʲôܵʤ۹һҵ鷳»ؿڳϣ֮г˷ŭ
Ӧǡһ뷢԰ףƵŭǼȫڹܣڼ£ûѾˣȻǡ
գҵĴϡ
ǣ»鱨ϵͳһֱǵϣ۹ͷɱ֯ʤ۹ǾȻ֪ǻҼسǣɱ˺üˣſʼң˵Ҳ˭
»ԣȻǼˣϻǼߵĴڡҹɱʤѱǵֻ֪ȴȥԸҵģȻûǵ顣
ȻǶԸңΪʲôڻúõģȴԸǣ»Ц㲻Ըǵİɣ
ҲһСеļ壬ҹɱҲǳѪһǾ벻ǵģҵĲҹɱҲûǸ
Ҳ֪еԭԲ˵ҹɱԸǣô˵ֱ˵ǻۡ
ǸûвҹɱΪʲôԸǣûв˭ҹɱԸǵġ
ղ֪ôش֮ʣһն߶˼䣬õյɫһ
»ԣԽԽˣȻѧ׽
ʲô»ԸоһǷʲô飬ɫҲ΢΢һ䣬Ҳûиղ
Цһ£յȻװɵܺãǾͺú˵˵ҹɱ֮ʤȥģʮʯȻǶִ£ôõóʮʯ㲻֪
»ɫһ䣬治ֻ֪ޣȴûùʯûȥҹɱ
Ͼʯĸ嶼ʮֵǼҲܶüʯԼȻҲһЩʯҲֻмʮ飬ôóʮȥҹɱ
Ҫ֪ΪĴ֮һ֮иҪңֻҪɳһʣ׽ҪκδۣûбҪʮʯȥҹɱ
춯˶ȴһҲȨȨ֮λǼ볤ϻ֮
»ԴС㿴ڳǵĿ֮£һܣȻΪȴûʲôʵȨС㷢ģһϼһҪóϻὫȨ֣ȺϵļһֻܳΪĴ֡
ϼ֮־ûиı䣬øǿңҲףϻ᲻ʵǿ󣬸ռϰ꣬ڼ֮иٹ̣ļܽǰᵹ
ļУһֱװһĹԺӣóǶŲɣȴڰԼ
ϻῴôҲ˾裬һЩȨθͨŬ֮»һȺԼţ֮Ҳ˲ٵȨҲʼϻа塣


041 ùһ
ǷֲԾʱΪʱʱҳ˳ϻŵĹ֮⣬Ѿ»գ֮⣬»Ի˰˳ɵִ¡
˫Ȩ֮սɳϻȴһͿأ»ִ£֮طҲգҲֻʣ鱨ϵͳһЩҲ»ԡ
Ϊִȫ»ƹܣȻģ㲻»ָʹҲ޷粵
һ»ųҹɱģҲԸңҹɱȴԸңܲ˵Ϊ˶Ըң
ô£д壬븺𡣡ҹɱѶԸô£Ҳ취
ô˵Ǿʲôˣ»Ժ˫ۣĿһӱޱؿա
Լģ͵취ոû˿ĶݣоɱĸҲþҳ֣һٿȫᣬ
Ҳ»û취ˣԭֻҪϻ飬߲ԾֻҪϻͬԡ
»Բ߲ȫգʮ֮Уż˵õôû˿İ취ΨһҲֻм߼ȫᡣ
ң»һ»ЩΪ嶼Щʲôȫ˶УڿȫᣬҲ˵ǻۡ
˵꣬»һתȥ⼸죬һһǾɱĸȻɱʵǿûжҵʧҲ󣬿ÿȴϽٵĲƸûˣһʲƸҲûС
ˣҸ߲ɱִ¶ɱˣǸͲ鲻κεʹ»ʳϻᡣ
Ͼϻŵ鱨ϵͳҾ꽨ģȻЩҲԼ鱨ϵͳ֮ȣǲԶˡ
ôû뵽һоȻԼ±Լġ
㣬ȻҸôҲ˵һ»ĿһͷҪ˵Ķħһ㣬סСԺȥ
Ƭ̣»Ա㵽ʱŭ죬Щϵ˲ǰĵϵһԾԵʵңǣڵ֪Ӷִ½Ϊִ֮󣬴󲿷˼һ㣬֮
Щûж֮ˣҲûȻֻмԸ׷ģ⼸˵ʵǺǿǿҲֻһ
ȴһʵܾѹס֮£ǾԲֵģϾȥ
ԭǴϵ⻯⻯֣Ҫ֪ƽʱ⻯˽Ǻܺõģʲôϵ⻯ѣҲ⻯һֱģֻҪڣ˾Կ֡
ɻûϵ⻯㴫ɱϢˣԸҵҹɱѾõϢҹɱѾʧܣҹǱץɴʱҹֵܵ˼سǣһɱ˺üŪĻ̡̻
Ϊˣ־ŭŭҹֵԼʯûа죬ԸԼ
ǣҹֵ뵽ʤģԸңܳʲôԭһ֪ӲΡ
ҲٴˣСѱ˼£վ׼ʰܣվһŭ籬һСԺҹ
ȫһ֪鷳ˣ㣬֪ң޷ֻӲͷȥ
һ»ԣϽ
»ȴŭ죬һ嵽ǰһ˹ȥȻұȥҵл
һʯӱ߷ɳȥغſڵϾһֻ󡣬ҲѪһſ»ʢŭ֮³ĽţĿˡ
»ԸûйʹòҰ׵ܵǰһŶ˹ȥٴηθײǽϣǽڶײһ䵽ϺǲϵѪ
һȥ»㽫еķŭйˣŵһ˵һеôʮʯ
֪Ѱ¶Ҳǿҳɳֲ̫죬ھеı̫𾪣꣬ȺõƼ붫ҵõ˾ҶɳȥķǾҲûлˣԺؽΪҵĸ󻼡


042 ù
˾ȼϷûн߽սƽϢκ˲սǸͲҳ֣ڱ߽սȻۿҪƽϢֵ۹Ϊ׼ʮ꣬ôܾʹ˸ģȱ߽սƽϢҶ֪ɳɺˣټƼ붫ҵ֧֣ǽҲûлǡ
Ϊ˳󻼣ֲ˾ҵѹǵĽڣֻôӷ۹ҹɱʱ˾ҲңҲҲ鲻ͷ
һ£ʮʯЩлۣмĽȫ̻ʱ򵽵ġ
Ҳû˵٣ΪִȨĶִ£һֱֵõ»ԵΣ뻹Ƿǳḻģ˰µТ֮࣬һһļ
ҹɱǹͲ鲻»ɫδ˿ĸı䣬ɭɭصҹɱǶܲ鵽ΪҺ˾ǾͲ鲻֮ˣûǵָʹǶὫ㵽ϡ
ƽȥˣҲ֪뿪֮ʱһ𡣡
ɫ΢΢һ䣬авã֪»ʲô֪ˣֻʵ˵ǰΪ֮ƽȾʱԹ˵ϱ̫࣬ǾסѽɱʱƽĶˣ˵а취ɱ죬ӦȥԸˡ
û뵽ĵӾȻ֮󣬲Ƕȥҵİ׻Ҷ»ҧгݵؿĿõȫһ仰˵
ӽ㲻ִ¡»⣬ҹɱǳģҸʱϵҹɱҪ֪˭ԸңΪʲôʮʯȴûҡ
ǡ
ȻһƬȻŽ죬Ӹ߸ϵĶִ½Ϊִڸִ¶ǣȴ˿Ĳֳ
ħɽʤ۹һǧɽɽˮﻨ㣬ɫһļɽҰϣٲȻһ˽ɾ
ϧΪﳤס֮ĺޣǿĸǴﵽ߼ʹøû˸
ɽ֮£óԻѳǲرͼٴβ鿴һȷעĵطȷʵħɽ󣬱ȥ
û߶ԶһƬȭͷСɫӵĹ֮УͬʱĻһ˵Ĺ㣬õǲΣȥժɸ߼ǰͻȻӵļ
֨
ѭȥŷ֣ǰ׵һ֦һֻȫɫСӾֻǸղΪҶӽεԲûб췢֡
ԭΪֻôһֻСӣҲû⣬ǰ˭ֻ֪СٴηһУ֮ǰΪ
û뵽ǣһҶ֮жʱɯɯţЩʯ֮Ҳ졣
Ƭ̣ɫӳ֮УȻϰ٣һвܹ
ԭȺҲһȺޣ˵ʲôܿ㷢֣Щɫ֮УŲǴһĺӣЩӾȻȫǴﵽļޡ
ЦõǣЩЩ֦ЩŲƵмȭͷСʯͷ߸߾𣬹Ŵ۾ŭﻹ֨֨Ľиͣͺ˵ٲҾˡ
ЩŭԼĺӣҡҡͷȥժӵ뷨ѰģûҪΪ˼𲻱Ҫ鷳
ЩӾȻûֻǽߣ⵹ǲ죬Ҫ֪鳤࣬żǻ۵ĺӣǶԼĵַ̣ǵأֻٶǱǻɣǶԥķ
ɽЩӲûйԼֻԼ뿪е㲻ԣȫ޵Ӳ
תʱĿһɨЩﵽļ޵Ĵʱ֫վţǰ֫Լοȥ˼ΪʱͻȻʶпЩӽͬ࣬Ŷ˿
뵽еЦá
뿪Ⱥѡһ·˸ղŵľ֮ҲС˺֮ܶ࣬ǰر鿴йħɽڽɭһ㣬ֻǵȼ͵ĺޣԽߣȺʵҲԽǿ
棬ļӣһֱֻһȺģһȺ弶ӣ¾ʸҲ·
ת۰ȥĶ֮£Ҳûӷͻһ·ϣҲһ⣬ҰĵطźȺռš


043 
ҰԽ󣬹ʵɢζԽŨȺʵҲԽǿǿһȺӣԱȫ弶ޣлŲٵޡ
ҺãЩӵУҲһֻȺĺӣⴳȺأҲǱЩӸϳûй
ѵҾĳӣһαһȺӸϳ֮һЦš
ʱȴڵһ飬Ϊڵͼϣǲر֮Ȼֻħɽвû棬ȴһƬ֣Ҳ֪ʲôӣڽûУ˹ǿɾ鷳ˡ
ģĿضȥ˰죬ۿɫѾ߿ǺΣյģ״ȺأҲߴ
Ĵһۣ쿴ԶһҪ˱Ĵ߹ȥһԾһ֦֮
ʱһȥѾȫֻ͵͸ïܵҶǵ
ִ£˵ƬֵĹѾ죬ǿ»ЩȺһ΢˳ŷĶУõе˫͵˳ķ̽ȥ
ĺȺǳѲõ²סһЩ˻Ƶ
ǺòײŵõϢʱѾϧһд۶ҪõǾһûȥˡһдϵһ˶˵Ȼ˶ʶҪԡ
Ƭ֮һȺʮ˵ڵĴ֮߹Ϣ˸ûз
ȺԶȥüͷɵýȺߵʵΪ׵ľȻһ֮⣬ҵ
ȺߣȫһɳһȺߣʤ˾ңҲĴˣĴ֮ʵļҲò
ѵҲǳǵıضȥüͷȺʧķϵɫҲԽء
ͻȻϸһĨ֮ɫͳصҿϵĶĸģߡ
һΣ£ϢĸȺ
š
ͻȻ֮䣬ȺУΪ׵ͻȻüͷһ壬͵һŤͷĿһһɨɫʱһĨɻ
ִ£ôˣһɻʵ
û¡ִҡҡͷҸղŸоʲô󡣡
ԣҲŤͷһ󣬷ֲûʲôЦǲЩҹܶһЩӰٶȼ졣
ǰɡִһͷüͷȻɣ߰ɣҵȥˣСĳ¡
Ҳִ´⣬ħɽǺӵ£ƽʱǸû뵽һ
һô֮¶һԴǰ߷ɱȥߣ¶һĨЦ֪ͦģȻ㱻Ƿˡ
֪ĸ֪쳣ٴ֮ľͬʱ˳εǣ˵һȫС
ϧȺ쳣ľ裬һ·϶˵Ҿ˵ҲǺʣûŪǵʲô
ǰķȴǵͼעĲرһǻЩ˲ȡǲƱģȡ
ܳôˣӦüãȻܷŹаԵߵֻܹ֮ԵȴûǸܡ
һ·ת۱ʱȥͻȻ֮䣬дһĺŸĺӽȻ֮
Ǵ˺Ⱥء찵뵽ԭΪЩ˻˻ȴû뵽Ƭ̱㴫ɱ
ˡüͷһ壬ɫȻ¶һĨϲɫѵǵĶȺӵ֮У
뵽ѸԻý֮нǵĲرͼóǿһۣüͷ㲻ɵѵΪǵĲƱģ
ǵĲرͼԼϣô֪ǵĲƱأ쿴ŵͼǱǲƱλãǰ򶷴Ƭط
ûٶ룬һԾǰɱȥƬ̣Ⱥ˱ٴγС
ʱһȺŽɫëĺӸΧţȺӵʵǳһޣһ󲿷ݶļޣżֻ弶
ʵǿһֻɢϢԸоʵ൱İʱΪ׵òɿֻϧֻһľȻʵִǿȴֻԷƽ֣Դ·磬֨֨иͣ


044 űͼ
ִĴսռϷ磬ĴսȴֻȺǶ̫࣬ʵҲƵƬ̣˺צ֮¡
ʱ˫ȫӦŴսûзֱԶ졣
վ￴Ƭ̣һ˼ȻһĨЦݣλֵܣлˣҪǽȺǣס⿿һˣǸ¡
£Ӱһ˫սΧ˹ȥ
һ֮ٴóرͼһۣڶ෽֮£Ŀ䵽һҪ˺ϱĴ֮ϡ
ȫһֹСϰСͨƹʵĹȴΨĿ֮ӲǹȺԵôĸ롣
ˡɱȥĿڵһɨ֮һת˫ֶʱΪһצŴԱߵĵ
ɳʯ䣬Ƭ̱㱻ڳһȴûзʲôûвƱҲûڣֱʱ֮󣬴Χٿգһɫʯͷڱ֡
һϲû˵ΧʯΧȥһʱ䣬ʯֳԭΣʯΣף߸һ׶࣬ǹ״Ϊĥɵġ
£ʯͷٳǧʵŲŲѣֻô߶ڵ֮ŽῪ
һ׸ߣ׿ɽʯƶ֮С
ɽһƬڣյڣһɳʪĺ˶ȻѾܾû˽
첢ûмŽȥԻý֮óһöҹ飬涪˽
ҹɢ΢⣬㿴һŶʮĶѨӶѨܵʯϿԿӦȻγɵģֻǺ˹΢ĸһ¡
ڶѨͷһʯңʯжվ沢ȴڷһЩӡ
¶һĨЦ⣬ȥƬ̱㵽ʯ֮УʯҲֻаƽм䣬صڷʮӣ֮滹ʮĹǼܣǵڵϵ̬ӦǱɱġ
һ˼Щôģǿ϶ǱǵɱģҪ֪ǵſǳײУǶϴûһڡ
ײеزôõڶ֪ҲֻнЩͱصȫɱŻᰲġ
ûٳɣǰƿһӵĸӣ۵ĽⱩõ˫۶ǽ֮£ʯҶýһƬ
ȫǽңʮö
һѽӸǸϣһ֣ý֮УִһӣǽңʮӣȻһȫǽҡ
ʧΪȫǽ֮ʱ佫һӴ򿪣Ȼ¶ڷڵ
Ȼڵֻļ弶٣һöûУɻ˷Ī
Ҫ֪һӹǧڵǽ֮õĽҾҪ֮ǰʮĽҡ
ҪڵЩú֣Ҫǹýȥ򣬿ɲܹܵ˵ġ
ӣֽʮӴ򿪣Щ֮УЩװŽңЩװĿʯĵؼװ֮⣬һڵ
һ켤ΪǸװŵĶֵƷߣʯкüʮ飬֮⣬һЩҩƵر
ǣһĺӣ򿪣һžŵƤ档
һ˸ϤĴֳС鸡
һӱü쿴˺ü飬ֽýеͼó𣬾Ԥ֮һͼܹԱ߳ȱһ飬γĵͼ
˷ܵùЦҲֻҪҵһŲرͼҵ飬Сָ
һ֮ĽҲ鱻ԼҵСָԼҲԽ壬ʵ
ж˷ܵɫ죬ʯ֮һȦûʲôȻ뿪
ȺĴս֮սѵβֻʣִ»ţȺһߣҲֻʣʵﵽĺ
صʬѪЩ˵ʵҪ֪Ⱥʵӱ೬һԭ컹ΪջᱻȺ˭֪ȺȻǸˡ
ҴʱʣµĺҲ˲ᣬִµ֮£ǽڽڰˡ


045 ̫
ִµ˫ȴһƬ죬˷ߺޣҲ鳤දȻǲˣǵĸ鲢ԼȺɱһʣΪʱǰǺ֮ǣ޲óƤĽ
ŷֿȭʵȶԷǿһЩҲû˿İ취Ҵʱ˲ᣬϱ˺üȫѪֱ
֨ͻȻһŭܹ֮ܵıˣţһ񱩵ϢԺϱҲ֮
áִ¸оˣȴһŭ𣬸͵壬׷˹ȥ
ٶһ㶼ִ෴ȫ֮£ٶȷһ㣬ۿԼԽԽִҲǾŭӡ
ȥִһŭŽ׷ĺȥǺһҪͬھ
һ磬գ۱㵽ԴǰʱҲ͵ԭСԴ֮ʣҲһȳ飬Ȼը
䡭
Ǹߴ׵ȻΪһſѪ⣬ʶȥ֮һж˲վԵִ¸ӦûӦ㱻ݺݵĺϡ

ҽִ﷢ѪڰջһߣһֱɳźȻء
¾㲻Ҳֻʣ°ˡԶ쿴ִأ¶һĨЦ⡣
һִ֮˺ð죬ûԭûǰȥɱˣ룬Ƿˡ
Ϊܸо֪ĸִ˵ĿĲǵıأĿġ
ôأ쿴óһöҩº㿪ʼ˵ִ£üͷ˺úҿɲĶ֡
룬ȻһĨЦתʱĵ·ȥ
Ƭ֮һƬ֣Ȼʱҹӵ״˵ĹȴȰΪŨ
߽֨һĺ㴫˹ȴûᣬǰٶȷӿ죬ǷĺһȻǰٴηһĽţĺϣʯͷ֮ҹ֮£ǵ˫۶ɢʯĹâ
֨֨֨ȫ췢ŭһЩӸǼϵʯͷҹ
ɸǷŭѵǣȫǵľ棬±ܵһù֮ϣһֱժ˺üͨͨĴӡ
ºǲˣҪ֪ЩӶǵʳ쵱ǵǵʳвŭĵ
һʱ֮䣬Ⱥںһŭ֮£ųŭ˹
Ҳ̰ģժ¼ӣӶȥҲӿʹȺ׵ľ룬õЩΪϾҪ׷ϣ׷˰ҲûߵľС
Ӳɵۿ׷֮ϣʱȻóһղժõĹӣҧһڣЩĿ֮ҡҡͷȻܵĺ˹ȥ
һٶɳ׵ĽȺǻˣҪ֪ħɽȻҲ˵ʳﲢǳԲ꣬ǻмƻķ䣬ҪȻ͵ð
ƽʱǶЩӶǷǳϧģһ˹֮⣬ǾԲᶪһЩµС̣ʳҲҪܵȺĳͷ
Ȼǵ棬ôһӸȺ֮УǿҪġ
֨֨֨
ȺķŭǺԸһסźãҲû䵽档
ԭ˷ŹСĺȺʱǷŭ˼㣬¶ģҪ׷ϣڹµϡ
֪УȺĴѾһƬ֮УһŨصѪζҲԿ֮дտʼŭĺȺû⣬Ƭ֮ٺʬǵС
֨Ϊ׺һŭкӶͣһ־ؿǰͬʬ壬һЩѾʼȻȥ
ʱȻȥ֪Ӱ
ҩ˵ִȴŵòᣬЩӳŭĽΪЩΪ֮ǰɱĺӱģ˶˲ãԶȥ
Ҫ֪ղս֮ʱһЩˣںԱ֮У˵üأҪһؼףʱֲһغˣĻսȺ
һ·ףֱܵһʯ֮ĵ̧ͷЩӣֺӾȻû׷һ
Щôҹִܵһɻص֮ǰȺӲһȺ˵Ե޹ʵܵȺġ
ִ벻ףƬ֮Ҳ֪뵽ʲôɫ͵һ䣬ѵΪ̫
̫Զ˳ִµͻȻһĨϲɫ


046 ԩҲͷ
ƵرָЩɵıҩԼﶼƵر
ЩƵر̶Ҳŵȼֱ֣֮ƷƷƷԼƷƷƵر½ǧҲδػһʱҲδܹΪﵽƷƵرʶܹǰԤ֪Σն
һЩܹΣվǰϲ
ȥƷ֮⣬ƷȽ϶ʹõƷµҩ඼ƷƵرƶɣƷƷȣ˺ܶ࣬ֻǵİٷ֮һƷϵҩı
Ʒ͸ΪϡˣÿһΪ֮塣
̫һöƷȻƷбȽͨһ֣˵ԿΪ֮ƴҪֱ֪ӷʵƲƷϵĵҩƷҩ
ͻƵȼϵƿЧãǲ˿ĺ֢
ȻĿġ¶һĨЦ⣬̫󣬲вļֵȻϣôܷŹ
ִŹȥҲϢĸȥ
Ƭִ֮һɽǰҿһۣһͷ˽ȥ
ĸյɽڣ˻δȥһɹ˱洫
˵̫ҪڻɽڣӣħɽױһɽûгɣӰһȥ
ɽһ·£¶ҲԽԽߣõϴһ㣬ȫˮ͸һֱףûзִµӰ
ɽҲԽԽ󣬸սʱֻвߣɴʱɽѳʮ׿׸ˡ
ǰ˽ףս壬ҲЩܲס¶ȣڴʱִҲ֮С
֮⣬ִǰһͷͨ죬еʨӵĶʱᷢ𹥻һ㡣
޵ıһߣͨ죬Ӥֱ۴֣ƬɫҶӣϻһöȭͷСʵֲ
ȻǵһοֲɢŨϵ϶̫
Ϊ޵ػ죬ǰִҲ˿ľٶиǿ಻ԡ
ȻǶ֪ƵرػȼԽߵƵرػҲԽǿΪЩƵرҲãǱǷ֣Ǳƴػ
ȴ弶еĶڣÿһֻ޵ʵﵽһЩԳΪޣΪĸ֡
ڻޣǾǿʵڻǿĵطɽܶʵܳɱ
ǰֻȻһֻޣʵҲͰ֮ܶУȴԷӳʵʵ
𡭡޶ִ±һŭŵִ¸Ͻƽʱƴһƴɴʱʵֻܷӳɣǰֻƴ
ɲƴ̫޷õ޷ؼ彻
ִΪ֮ʣ׷Ϊֱܶ£ҴҸ㶼ûа취
Ťͷһ죬ִһĨɱʱ׸ղǺȺôԵ޹ʵԭһжɵġ
ȴûбֳҿ죬Ҳһϲ콫ǣһ£취̫ժȡ
ִǰޣϽˣǰ͵صԼִ㣬֪Сֵܽʲô
ԼңĸԼңüͷһ壬аôɰɣȻ϶ͷ
ʤҳԼҵģȻ³ԼˡЦСֵܣܴܲǣסͷޣҪöӣֻҪӵõԼұк񱨣ʱʯսǸװֻҪ㿪ڣԼҾԶ˵
Ŷ˫һģ
ġͷϵıޱȵϣȴЦѣСղȺ뺦ңһûˣȻҪҵĶ
ǿ˵ˡһ˷ܣŤͷһͷ֮¶һĨɬҵʵҲʦסͷֻǣƬ̣пǺΣգʱöЩõҩҲУϾҿðΣڰ㡣
û⡣̰ĲģиЦѡ
ҿȥˡһؿһһժ߹ӣˣҵСѱˡ


047 
İɣҵæôẦ㡣ǺЦֻҪӵ֣ޱὫĿתϣʱͰȫˡ
Сͷ˹ȥȻ޲֪ղ˵Щʲôܸоػ⡣
𡭡
޶췢һ֮£ɽ΢΢һ𣬲ȴûͣ£ȥ
𡭡ٴζ췢һȻûƽǷŭѡ
𡭡
һŭ޻Ϊһ⣬˹һֱעޣһתܡ
СֵܣǱܣҺùȥժӡָɽһߣ첻ϵĸߺʱɽ߰ʮ׿ֻҪ콫ɽһߣ㹻ʱժȡ̫ȻȻ뿪
û⡣Ŀ£ɽһߣľٶһĨЦ
Ҳû˿ĳɣ콫Ϊһ⣬̫㼲ȥ
һϱ¶һĨɭȻЦһ̣ӰһתҲ̫ڷȥ
޲ûʲôǻۣоٶֻǱܣʱĿ죬ûע⵽ػ̫˹ȥ
תʱĿһӱ䵽ѳ嵽̫Աߵϡ
𡭡
޷һŭҲ죬ȥʱĿתƵϣǼӰҲȻͣ񿴺Ϸһ㣬Ҫժȡ̫㡣
һֻ̫֣Ҫ̫ͻȥ֮ЩϱضǳĸˣʱԵõʹͣΪ´󹦣νǺôࡣ
ֻû̫㴫ŭȻûŤͷޣȴĸоŶġ
ãˡɫ䣬ٶȱø죬ɴʱѴĽŲ죬գۼ㵽
ġۿ̫Ҫ֣㲻òժߵĴ㣬ΪʱֻҪٳһգۼ䣬пܱ޸ɱ
̫Ȼ󣬵ȣȴʲôǡ
һӰһź󷽷˶ȥӰ뿪վ֮أ޵צӱһ£ԭվ֮ػһӣɢĿõ嶼һġ
ɫһףĻ˿ĳɣٿ̫һۣŶɱȥ֮ʱһۣÿһЦؿ
Сñ䵽ҵ£Ѷף
㻹뷨˦˵ɣûһЦ˵޶ڸҴػ֮ˣһ㶼ǲݵġ
ػЩƵرǧٹ֣෱࣬ǵʵҲͬЩʵ쳣ǿ󣬶һвǻۣЩȴûǻۡ
Ƚ˵ǻԽߵޱǻ۵µ޸ѶԸ
ȽϵµޣǱȽϺöԸģǻ۵µҲһص㣬Ǿȫƾ¡
ղͼӽ̫⵽Ĺǲ㽫̫ժߣУΣձԴʱǽ׷ȥԱߵ춼ˡ
߾⣬ԽԽԶ¶ı飬ߵ̫ԱߣͨĹӣֻδӣ㴫һȡ
Ȼ֮е̫̾һҪ̫ժ¡
Զ׷ĴӴܵ㿴ľٶ󼱣ȵСҶԼҿϵĶұš
ûпһۣ̫
͵̫ˣȥ׷㼱ö޴𣬿öĻӦһŵϽ
Իý֮óһн̫װ¶һĨЦӰһŶɱȥ
СܡӰһ޵һȥճ嵽·ϣһתһöѳϣ㶪˹ȥ
ãһѳǰݺݵĺ֮ϣһѵɳȥ
춪ֻһö弶ڵƵı˵ʵ˲ɴʱȴΪ֮ǰܵˣڱĺ֮£õϼˣڵϰ춼
ʱҲ嵽ǰצӶץȥ


048 պøϵ
䡭
жûüһԴ㱻ĳһϣɱҴԼػˣ޺ǵ⣬ʤ̵Ľһ㣬췢˷ܵ
Զȥ죬ֻһۣûᡣ
Ȼܳף㴫ķŭűһضɽҡı
ã׷ˡ󾪣ʹȫɽɱȥյڣ֮ͨС
ûκεĳɣóöŶڱ㶪˹ȥһ¡ɽڶҲȫ档
ûٳɣſӣɽ±ȥףЩ̮ɽһӱᱻ³Ļۻܿ㣬ǿɾ鷳ˡ
һֱɱ˰죬ֱ뿪ħɽŴŴͣϢ
ļҴ塣
һȺֳѺϰٴԴ߳ЩŮȫʮµ׳꣬ÿһ񶼱Ӱţ񱻰ŵһ㡣
ϴ峤һȺЩɷ߹ţİλˣǴЩˣȫȥڿ󣬱ҲûũǶö
λˣǣļҴһְɣҪڿ󣬾Щ϶ȥɡ
ˣˣǶԸȥڡ
ǡһʮ꣬еģһ鵶̣ŵЦЩ϶ͷòҪȥԷҿǻȥɣ˷ʳ
˵䣬ͻȻһĨѪһ׷߱һ£߸ܲˣ˸Уϳ鴤˼£Ϣ
һŵһȺ֮˹ȴŸһһȱݺݵıϣ߷ɳȥ
ˣ߻ûгǰһȲǸҪ걳ϣһӣ󱳱ȥ
֮ǰɱߺ˼ﲻӿѪҲԽԽȫʧ
ҿ˭¡ףĿɨϣдһӴĿ⣬ȫŵɫҰףȥҲҶ˵һ䡣
Щ˶ǳɱϵ˲УԶһͷҪ
ۿ˵һĨмЦһͺȣЩŵĴȥ
ļҸۺᣬȥһƬľҪ֪ЩŵĴļҴʮʮĴûǣûׯڣȴǵֻж
ļҴĽ֣ļҸһᣬܵΪ׵ǰסȥ·ٴιŰˣ͸ļҴ¼˰ɣЩ϶Ҳˣɴĺǲܶˡ
ļҸյİûеõߵͬ飬Ϊסȥ·õΪ׵ߴŭ϶ȻҾͳȫ㡣
δ£еѾ̧ļҸմ˹ȥ
ļҸû˿ãԼԽԽƵûп־壬еķǽһı顣
ߵ峤ÿ춼ھ֮жȹÿ͵ɽϣʱȴֻԭ֮ʱֻһĴľ絶ʣȴûа취
ԷߣֻһȺûκʵĴֻɶԷѹ˵õĽѡ
ڲٿŴһȥˡļҸš
סǱŵĴ֮ͻȻһŭ߱˹ǱˣļҸյĶİ
ϧİնһ߱һŭһ丹߷ڵء
ԽԽļҸѾܵǱϢŤͷһ۶ӣһĨʹİΨһĶӣαǴߣҲˣҲԴ˾˺
뵽ļҴӶûˣҲɵȻ
ɡһŭ֮гѪ˷ܣʱѾ̵ļҸյ·ϣֻҪǰһҪ̽ļҸյ塣
һ뵽ǰĲҽУԼǷѪȫѪһĪ˷ܳȫ嶼˷ܵò
ȻڴʱһȻĿ֮УһһûŪʲôѵǰ
䡭һ죬ֻʲôԴһ̣Դ㱬ըѴļҸ·ҲȻͣ
̫죬˸ûзӦһӰԶͣ˴ڡ


049 뿪һ
ʮֵᣬʮ궼еģһͨ߷Ŀ⼴ȴ쳣õЩѺŴڱһۺɫһҰס
Ȼ죬ħɽȡ̫֮㵽ǵһرأﲢûʲô⣬ɵı㽫ǵıŪ֣ϵļҴ塣
Сģһ֡һڷӦһȣ߶סеĿȴЩη塣
ŵˣҿһ˵Ǳõ߱巢ڴǣ仰˵֮в˶ʶ죬һҪԷˣԭҲһϣ
İ⼸£һʵڹȥʱţһЩʳڴ⼸Ҳûжˡ
ΪˣļҸ˺üΣɵҸղÿʱȫ˵ҵĽѾ꣬ɵȴʵڹȥʱʳļҸ֪ǱסļҴΨһҲʡ
ǶܴȻʶ죬˭û˵ΪףһЩ֪ʶ϶в졣
˭һʵ޼ҵ飬ȰٹܣʱôĶ֪
һҲвңһߣһתԻý֮óһѶ̽˹ȥ
ݡ
̽һֻòһһֻ̣̽صϣͺʲôûзһ㡣
ȴ죬Ҳ˵һ仰Ƭ̱㵹ڵϣһ仯߶ŵɫҰס
ҪҪؿߣвһصϢѡҪôſǣԼȥҪôһǾôֵҲɱԵĴ񡣡
˻һ˶ɫ䣬ߣЩٿʱ˾ͷŭԭΪǵģ˭뵽ȻЩɱǣֱ̫ǵˡ
Щ֪첻ô˵ʱЩôʣţ˿¸࣬ϾŶʮˣȻֻĶʦҪɱ׾١
ֻһˣ㶯ٿ죬Ҳ˲佫ʮ߻ɱοʱһ𣬼Ҫ˺Ҫɱߣ̫ˡ
Ψ֪޹ϵǷôʵĴ㣬̶ȵı˺
һ


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ڿʼǿ˭ɱø졣Ц
ۿҪ֣һͷϽվȵȡ
ôıˣصı뿪Ҳϲϻ
ͷ߱ĿⶢţʵЩܲˣֻεã㡣˵ţһ֣˶´񣬾ȥ
ʵԭּۻһģһͱֵĮݷ˵һĲͷͷɣԼٶ˵һ䣬᲻᲻ֱӶɱˡ
ͷ߿ɲɵԼģɱЩйޣһһжˡ
ԣԸðп뿪֮ǳ֣ҲԸ솪£ΨһĻᡣ
Ͼðջһ˿ϣðձǱ
죬һȥ첢ûжֻ֣վ￴ǣĿ֮£һĶͷҲð亹
һ˳ʮףۿͳڣûǳֵ˼һת뿪
ǸתһϢǺ󱳱˹˶ɫ䣬ŲԶɱȥ
ϧǵٶôܸϵٶȣǸնѵе⣬ʮĽ¡
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Ƭ̣߶£Ϊ׵֮ǰʵؿ죬ѵص㲻á
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лӾļҴ塣İŵļҸմһļҴǰмص˵䣬Ҫ¡
峤ض񡣡һǰļҸշס


050 뿪
Ѿòκζл㣬ͷǿģĺΰļҸռš
峤ϴ㲻ҲҡЦһأҰһأǳƽˡ
ǡļҸջ˵ʲôδ˵ҡҡͷ峤ĻͲ˵ˣӦļҴԺô죿
ȻξǣɱôˣǱضʹ˰ݣһ죬ǱߣʵҲǿʱҶδǵĶ֣Ҳӹһ١
˻һļҸɫһ䣬֪˵ʵȴû˿İ취ֻε̾ϢһϾǱʹ
ԵֻѡҪôҪôҪҲÿ㣬ҵЩ˱ˡ
ɵ棬ôļҸ̾Ϣȫֻʣһ꣬ʣµıǽһûУҲֻж
һļҴ˶̲ס¶ʹı顣
ǿԷģһǵġЦȻ˵ʲô󻰣ǹ϶õĺڰȥһ겻ܶûġ
ԣԭжһĨϣɫûӦǽĿͶļҸա
ܵ˵Ŀ⣬ļҸɨһۣȻʲôû˵Ӵҵ֮пڴı顣
˼һ£ļҸ̾Ϣһ칰ֵðɣԺļҴ˶ǹӵˡ
峤ˣǣΪ˸л֮ǰҶѣû뷨ЦļҸջҪ˵ʲôҡҡͷ峤ض˵ǻ뿪
ðɡļҸ֪Ҳن£Ťͷ˵Ҷȥʰһ£뿪
ǡ˻ϲĴӦһ׷Լȥ˵һħߣ뿪еԸ
İȥţϣҰʵһ㣬һõšļҸնȥİ˵һŴȥ
ļҸյļ£ļҸո쵹һˮ˱һֱûпϴθˮλţӦòˡ
һ̫ˣοһˣļҸģҲûʡ
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ʱİţҲˣҸôߵĶҲȫʰˡ
ɵԺţŴҵĶһӱѿռĶ٣ÿҶ˴ѣöòϡ
ȴһЩõϯӡӡ·ũߺһЩ̳̳޹ޣǣһʮ꣬ݵֻʣ¹ǼܵӾȻʣʶֻȣĿ⿴ʱȻ¶һЦ
峤ǽЩţߵ·ôʵڿȥļҸյһЩ׷ϣǿɾ鷳ˡ
⡭ļҸ¶һĨɫĻδ˵һ㼱ӣЩԺõţûǣԺô찡
ǰЩǶõţûǣԺôҲ˵
ҪЩǸû·ҲЩˣֻҪסԺʲôеģ滹һϵʱҰðһµġ
Ȼ˵µ˶ܸˣһȴ᲻öЩãҪ֪ЩкЩͷˣЩǼˣ˸顣
ϵĶ¡ļҸճ˵òҪǱסˣʲôС
ļҸļұߣߣһڣȻֲᣬǽϵĶ
İţϵĶҰˣ˺Сȥ쿴İ
İгɣϵĶҲ᲻ãԱߵļҸȴڴʱһͺȣгϵĶҰˡ
붯֣ţþСɽһƬ̱㱻ȫ˺СҲ˳
챯ķ֣ļҴϰٻȻֻͷţͷ¿ӣһţʮѾǼޣţҲֻʮˡ
ͷ¿Ҳľ峵¿ţ¿ӰһҲʮˡ
ļҴʮϵ˺ʮµСٶˣͲ
û취ˣֻ໥ˡ˼һ£׳Ӷһʮϵˣ˱С뿪
İţ˵ҲûзԣΪ˽Լ꣬ԭӦİϵţҲļҸˡ


051 Զ
峤Ǿôˣɿɽϵһٶô죿һļҸʵ
ļҸճ˼Ƭ̣ε̾ϢҲû취ֻܱסЩˣǣֻˡ
ļҸյĻڴε̾ϢһһЩ帾ѾǶڿɽϣҲ֪ܱסѾˣ˾Ȼ
ǷİɣȰߣһٻܣһὫǶȳġŴҵ˵ȻôֶһϣҲ֪Ļ᲻жߡ
ˣļҸٴ̾ϢһеıһŴȥճڣԭĵҲȻ̲סŤͷõļҴ壬˫۷죬Ȼڵܹͬ汲ĵط
Щˣһ̲סᣬ˸ͻȻ˵ԼˣȰ˺þãǷ뷨
ΪŲٵ˺С˵нٶȲ죬һʱҲ˲ʮɼЩҲ۵߲
û취ֻЩ·Щŵ˻һ£˽ʮ˾Ҳ߲ˡ
ʵûа취ֻý˰һƫƧϢǰһС򣬱ȥ
Сֻʮȫɱ֮£һӱ㵽ˣС򲢲ܴұ򣬶ûҵһУûҵĵط
֮£ֻó߼۽˽ιƥ£Ȼ峵ϣ˼˼ţСֶȥ
صСʱ˻Ϣ˺СӶΪ·ģҲͣϽ뿪Щ׷
ļҴ嶫ʮһܴɽȴʢһЩͨĲҩΪˮ㣬ɽŲٵĹҰޣǸӴӵıء
ƽʱǿɽЩҩȥǮҲԴһЩҰƲӵʱڣҲɽժһЩҰ伢ԴǰΪɽΪ㲻ֶ
ɽϱ޼ҵ߰ռ֮󣬴еıɽ˹ɽÿ궼вٱץڿĴ
һɽ洦ԿʬǣŵôҲɽ
ɽ֮һ޽ļʯ֮УһһĸߴɫˣղɵļҴȫɱļҴҲȫˣǴжƷʹµĳӦ뿪ˡ
뿪һĨɱļҴһҲͷţֻ¿ӣߵ˶Զ
ִºִһ˸׷ɱҵˣҾȫᡣ
ǡתȥ
һܼϣһֱܳļҴϴİֿСͣ£ʱɫѾ磬һûԶǰ󱳣Ҳ۵߶ˣֻôСʱס¡
СҲǺܴ󣬸ס¼ˣҺļҴ˶˿ҲԵ㶫󣬱Сķó·Ͻ͹һҹ
Ȼڴʱһ΢ֵӴһȺִ˹ɨһۿµĴ񣬳˭ͷ
ע⵽ǵļҸļҸնһشˣǵĴ峤
ǴӺζʵҪȥ
شˣǴӰļҴһȺǿʵסȥٴ˳ĸռҵڻûоȥ򡣡
һļҸգ˵ѣĿһתϣüͷһӦòǴ˰ɣôһ𣿡
ʱˣǲӦȽԼ˵һ£쵭ȻһЦ
üͷһ壬δ˵꣬һ߱һȵ󵨣Ǵ㻰ȻҲء
ߵĻδ˵꣬ӱһֹ칰˹ֵ򳤣Ϊٽ߾ʱйּϸ֣̽
ԭ򳤣ʧһ񣬵С죬ͳжӳļҴң鷳óְһ
ԣɫһ䣬ʧɫǸںڷ»˹ʣһɱһܹʮ죿
ʱ򳤼Īȫһ͵ؿ죬ļҸǣһҲȫ
֮ǰǾ͸оһ㣬˵жӳǵҲ̫𾪣ʣҲ̫𾪣Щͨƽ˵жӳʣʲôǶ֪


052 
ɸղ˵һɱˣ𾪵ԭкö࣬Ȼûп˾ۼһĳ棬ļҴΪʢ֮ʱҲǧˣվһһƬټʮֱɽ˺
ôˣȻһ㱻ɱˣǵжôĿֲ
һЩԭЩڿɽϵѾɴʱĻٿĿҲûȡ
һɱˣôǿʵԸ⣬ҪȻǵˣӦòǺѰɡ
ϧЩ񲢲֪֮Ĳ࣬ɱ˶ʵһǿȻҲע⵽ǵı飬Ҳֻ̾Ϣһûж˵ǿЦҾǸ졣
ԭǴˣ˶ǾѣҪ㣬ʱǿѾֵħˡһļصղʵڶԲΪ˴ֹ̽ӣÿС򳤶ԱѶʡ
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ǾͶлˡļҸս˼䣬ˡ
סԺӲҲֻһ㣬Сõˣڸ찲ź֮󣬱㱸ϾƲ˿ϯ䲻ͣ˵Ƕô
Ʋ˳˴Լһʱ֪һ·㲻ţ̫ļҴĴȥ
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һ֮²ŵ֪֪ͨÿҶסڴҶļС
ǿôĲһ֮²֪ûǿǽϢˣ˵ļҴǰˣҵ֪һȫǰļҴǼס
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Ҳףڷ²Զ֮ǰĴսϢﱻ֪Ҳ
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ִ£·ϵĳȷʵС򣬶һֱûг߻شʤС򶼶İ˲úϣ¾ǣûҽȥ
ܺáִһͷص֪ǵĴڣһܳȥضὫǵϢʤ߲㣬ɽĿطǳķḻԲʤ֪Щһܵ
סӦ
ߡִһͺȣ˱С
֮У˫΢ڴϵͻȻۣһ֮ɫһһԾ£򿪷˳ȥ
סķǰڷһ£˭
ң졣
Ƭ֮·߳ʵˣʲô£
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ˣ˫һͷﶼ׼ˡ
СԺֻ֣ԱߵķȻ򿪣ʮȫװ˳
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شˣڷǱ˵ӴϢǳӣһжӹ߳һжӳԴӡ
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ǡӦһתȥڷɱȥ
ڣսСִ¶ߵСһ㣬ҵЩļҴٶ֣һ֣ȫһ
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磬ҸоСƺе㲻ԾִԱһüͷһ壬С̫ˣöЩ˺¡
Ϊʱǰҹɡִ»һҲû⣬ǰȥ
Ȼ߳ĽֵȻһˣûִ·һǿܵĽǳ
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ãˡδ˵ִ꣬ºִ¾Ա߼ȥȴΪʵԭ򣬲ûôķӦ˸š


053 ɱһ
񡭡һʮ߱ɳȥ䵽Ѫֹ
ĹԶֹˣ˾ʧ֮ʣȻըǿ񱩵˲佫Χʣµȫɡ
һ棬ԼİȫΪ׵ִºִ־ŭǴӶԷʹսѾ޼ҵĴ졣
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ѵǳűɽ뵽ִдв
Ȼ֪ҽ죬޼ҵĵλǺһЦͺʲô¶ûһ㣬λ޼ִ߹ȥ
һһȺֳҲԽֵԱߴ˳ȻǴ඼ʦʿΪ֮˾Ȼһһ
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ԭһж塣ִؿ죬ЦЦҲûж˵ʲô
Ӵ뿪ļҴ壬뵽ǻ׷ǰΪڱɽɿʯֻһѣ֪ľȻǹ޼֮ˣȷɽĿʯһ㣬޼ҲðôΣ˵߾ɿʯ
޼ڱ߾ɿʯϢǾԲʤ֪ģĵжԹϵɽֻǺͨһɽʤҲɸֹ
ԣ޼ҾԲļҴ뿪ΪпܽǿɿʯϢʤҲΪʲô޼ҵһԸΧȫҲŹһˣΪľǷϢ
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Ҫ֪޺꽨ʤ֮ʤոڷ£һһͳľʿפ
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֮ǰɱļҴЩ˸ҵģǾȻ޼ҵѹңȴ޼ҵүɱĻ¼ඡЦôǲǸøǵˣ
Ļ쵰ִŭЩǰ׳գ޼ڹȷʵһ£Σգ޼ݣ˼ɵ֡
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ִִưżƿսһӿγһսν廤סЩ˹ȥ


054 ɱ
ϡ
ս֮ϣ˺ֺȫսĵ䣬ܲ͸֮£ǵٶȵǱ
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䡭
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£ãţִ´֮ʣҲָŶԷŶȥǸִ´ȫһĴ򷨡
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ִ¸նӢһѵǰȴû˿ĻܣֻؿƳԼĻΣ֮̽С
ִ£Ӣߵǰһ񣺡ˡ
ҲһЦڶˣò˶Ǵӳˡ
л˿佱Ӣɫе㷺죬ûھ֮Уɸ쾭һսʶǿֲֶ֮ǰӢоԼôС
ҿɲǿ佱㣬˵ʵЦЦ߹Ӣܵλ򳤣ýԺʲô£ҿ໥
ͶȥһмۣǶǸ߸ϵĴڣƽʱϣ򳤣ҲһʣԷҲδػǡ
ҺڷפѾʱ䣬Ϊڷ򳤣ǽᣬɶԷͲҲΡ
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ĽܣӢҲٵĸ߰໥ʶһʵҲףڷǲһŸս裬ҵ۹Ѿ׼һǳɱפء
Ȼܴﵽô󣬵ǽһСǣҲһƴḶ́λ򳤸ùϵԺҪʲôҲ˵


055 ϱɽ
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ˣҾ㻹ǲҪȥΪáӢɫصصҵľɽĿʯĺ޼ұضɸפأʸ֣ڹȥǳΣգҿǵȴԪ˧ȥɣ
˼µǻһ·̣ٴӸֵһ죬ҵ޼֪Ϣй¶Щɱ֡
ֻЩδҺܲģҲûҵǵĵط
Ҫ֪һӵˣɲҸյؾͿԣҪھסΧзֵأˮΧзḻԴֻӲܸõķչ
˼£ӢǵȥɣԪ˧ȥȻûˣǵũﻹڣҲˮΧСɽϻŲٵҰζӣһסĵط
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Уȥ
һ£ӢٿʵˣôʱӦȥ˵۶Ŷǰ
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ѵ㲻֪Ӣɻصʮǰ۹ʹʥּ´֮ǰ۶ܷλΪѲڸǣԪ˧һӵʥּȥ֪ͨˡ
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ܶ࣬ļжʮˣ˵ǵ۹ʹһΡӢһ˷ܵصһֵ۹ľȫзݣмֺõľʿҲзݣ֮⣬սԪоٺһݾʿҲУöһս֮д´ȥپʿеһݡ
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ʱ磬֮󣬱￪ʼ̽飬Һʶ֮ǿٽ˳̽Է죬˽⣬ҲǶһ˽⡣
ϧһֱûҵļҴ˵ڣΪһҲ󶴣ÿ󶴶߰أлͻ첻ȥ
޷ҵļҴ䣬޷֪ﵽʲôʯ
ԭǴϽ˾ȳȻǵıûؼұ۶ڸҲˣҲֻøıƻŪ˵
ϣΪʱȡҵľλаһ
תһȥʱһƣⶼΪһ첻ʹʶ̽ʹʶ̫ɵĽ
ŪǵĹɣûаࡣ¶һĨЦ⡰аʱץʱϢһ
漴΢˫ۣڱʯͷϡ


056 ҽ
ʱһȥ˫΢յͻȻһһӰһè㣬ǰķɱȥ
Ƭ̣һʯ֮ͣ£̽Դǰһۣǰʮףһ࣬׵Ŀ󶴳Уǿ󶴿ڣĶܣɢϢԿȫ֡
ջĿ⣬ʶɢΧһ֮⣬ɽлһﵽš
˵ͷ֮ǰ̽ȫһ£ҲֻÿʱʱŻ߳Ҳֻʱ򣬲һ˲ʱǷ֡
򲻹ô㣬ߣҲ
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ӣȻǲһȥ̽Χˣһ˴ΣΨеȵ´νУǵʱ֮
ܼԷ֣Ȼʵֻǣ壬һᾪ֣Ҫ֪ʡ
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áԱߵʱҲע⵽죬̽ţȫɫ䣬ڴʱһΣֶϽһȥ
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ϡ
ཻһ֮һ̣ѶΪأ׵ĻĲӡ
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ȻһϵһʯӣȥоƿһʯӸ£Ǿ޴ȴõһģס׼ʱһĽãѳĲϣһֻ̣òһǰľ׷ɶ


057 ҵĿ
һʱѵʮ֮⣬ۿҪܵϱɱעһս˹ȥ
ƿĺУʶҲ˲һ¿һ
ɵԵվʱѾվǰ
ݡûκεķӦǰһűһ٣Ƭ̱û֪
תſ󶴷ɱ
ףͻȻͣ£ϵһʯʯɫ滹һˮĹΡ
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Ȼˮױز٣½ϲϡ٣һ㣬ֻеȿʯ޼ûҪΪһˮ˶߾ðա
ѵһˮ󣿡뵽ʲôɫ͵һ䣬ˮȻô󣬵һˮļֵֵκðˡ
Ϊˮһص㣬ܶʮ֣ÿһֶǼ亱Ʒֵǳ֮ߣȭͷСһ飬Ļƴ
Ҳˮ󶼾аֻЩγʮϵĴͿпа
һ˰ˮļֵɰǧķ˵޼ðգǹʤ֪ȫƴһܱߵļȫõ׸ı䣬һ֮
϶һ󣬷޼Ҳɳפüͷ壬˼ôһˮ˵ǲܵģõеİԺʵԿԱǡ
˰죬Ҳû뵽취ڱ˵ЩռΪУֹ޼ҿɶܡ
ѵҪ߶Ƽң뵽⣬ҡͷˣˮһһ֪ǿ϶ɳᣬʱƴ϶Ĺעʱ˶֪һˮΪʲô첻롣
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Ը֪޼￪󣬻뷨ǰɣֻҪСһⶼӭж⡣£ɱȥ
ʻڴ򶷣Ǿ޴Ӱ£𶯲Ͼһ㣬ʱʯмЩԭڿ֮еǶֵȥ
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Ҫ֪ڿжһЩʵµߣǽǼලЩ󹤲͵ЩûκʵĿ󹤣ǸͲҪ
ٹٹҾ͸ƴˣһɫҰ׵꿴죬嶼ɪɪ󣬻жʮһϾǿ־ı²Ϻˡ
ǵľ棬ӦֻЦɱ⣬ǰĲû˿ķ
һȺ²壬ȫɢݵþһ߾ŹǵĿҲ˫ۣ
ǵȫ϶ѪǿЩߵĿǳ˳ޣͺ޲ýǳһ㡣
ʵѲ뷨ǱѾʵʩЩϵѪĩõ֤ҲΪʲôǻ˵Ŀ־塣
ڿ󹤵һѱ⣬ӵʬ壬ĲƬԿЩʬ嶼ߵʬ塣
ԭܵʴսӰ죬е߶ΪҪˣȫʧ߷ɱЩǿѺĿҲˡ
һܣԭŵɫĿҲܣһʱ֮䣬ȫŶӿȥ
ôʱԭûжЩжӣһ·ȴڶڵʬãЩܵĿ󹤱ǹ󹤵ġ
˵֮ǰʲôˣһҲˣ͸Ϊ㲻ǣҲýǹﰡҲ̫̣ˡ
οЩ󹤻Ǳǿץġ
ⱾǷŭˣɵЩʱ˵ԼʱеŭҲѹƲסˡ
еĿ󹤶˵һϸ˺۲˵ǸûϢʱ䣬ǲͣڿ΢һ㣬Щ߱ȭӣʱᱻ


058 ²
֮⣬ÿֻùͷˮǹ̶ÿһһ룬Ϊɺ޵ǣЩˮȻǺȥ
˼Ҷ˵࣬ڿǵУȵࡣ
ǵ챩ŭˣֻҪһһնɱ
ȥɡһŭӰһϣǼһԲεĽããЩֻʦʿʵǸûһֵ֮ȫնɱ
ã֮ħӰĻӶѪ֫׷ɣ־Ĳҽ಻Ƭ̱ʮ֮¡
ȻЩھ֮Ҳû壬ɿҲôмһվǸͳ岻ȥ
ǰɱ棬Щ˫ۣȫĿǽϣǲûаɱУǳЩʬ壬ϵ
һЩûĿ󹤾ͼеʯͷһδЩʬ壬ֱӽʬȫҳࡣ
Ⱥ˵ֻҪҲҪǵ⡣һĿһһץһѳʬ壬ֱι߳Ի߷شЦš
ҲѧȫץЩ࣬һڿڵι
һ߿ſǵķٶҲܲסеĿ־壬ץͷеҪɱңҪңҪ
һϵҪǰȰ˵ͻȻһ̧ͷ˫ۣħһ㣬һӣλѱ˹ȥ
Ѹû뵽˾ٶķӦüһ˸Դ˫ۣλߡ
ǰɱ¾Щħٶ߻бŷͬ飬ܶ߶ܲסصĿֲѹԽԽ࣬춼ûɱǣԼ໥Ĵ
ڿǲֻʱδؿǰѱŷɱЦһǣŤͷĿ󹤣üͷһ壬ͺȵˣеĺ޷йͿˣҿɲȳȥһȺӡ
һп󹤶ͣȫһмؿ졣
أȥǡ
ǰ档һ󹤵һһЩʵܲˣᱻǹ棬ָܹڿָᱻŪڿ֮С
һ£ǿ󹤵Ǳǰͨ
ŤͷһЩɱߣüͷһ壬Ӱ磬Ⱥһ㣬ʮƬ̱㱻ɱ¾һա
ߡһͺȣп󹤶ǰɱ
ǰһߡ£һǰӰһ߷ɱȥƬ̣һļγС
˻Զһɶǳζ֮Ÿŷζ⻹гʪһЩһ׼ɻ̲סŻĳ嶯
η֮УʮݵֻʣƤͷĿĿ͵ؿ棬󣬻и൹ڵϣһӣˣҲԶ
һ죬ǿŵȫһľ֣׷ȥһЩھ֮໹ȵ˵ڵ˵ϣЩ߸ûзӦ
ˣǱŵģûҵԿסһԱܵǰص
ԿסһҡͷǰһһƬ֣ϵĴء
ɣҴ뿪˺һɸû˭Ҷ
ɣλǵģЩ쵰ɱˡһ߳ż˵
վЩϤĿ󹤣һ΢һĿ߳
һƼݣĿȴĿߵǰһ񣬵лˡ
ͫһʤľˣ
ղе񣬷ʤľ
شˣǸǵͳжСӾʿǰ˱ַ²ֱͦ򳤹ٻ㱨һ㡣
ôɻѵﻹз²
شˣķ²١󹤹Ļش£֮к֮ǰЩб߳ʮʱһȻݣȫͦ
һѶף˷²Χׯ֮⣬б޼Ҵطץˣвٻǹֵ۹ƽ


059 ǰ
˵ÿҪʮˣܹȹһģЩľʿΪͨǿ׳ǵĹҲ쳣󣬶һЩصӵĶһ£Ƕֻܻ¡
ǶҴ뿪쿴һۼ֮еˣ
лˡӶ칪һȴǾȻӱù˼ΣЩڵϵ˻ȥ
ڸʲôһŭȴԱһȴסˣЩ˾ǳȥҲˣ͸һʹɡ
ǰˣһʹɣǻҲ
ˡ
һ˵ˣΪƽʱûϢʱ䣬ǵܲˡ
ᱻ۵ʱǱᱻ̧ǰ֮УЩǿϢһָܻȻڿֱ۵
ٺãֹ֮£ò˼αҲ
˱һ취һڸ죬װ۵Ϣһ֮ٸɣһ˻ָĻᣬŻֵøá
չ˸ûϢʱ䣬ڵļټϱЩߵĶ򣬺ܶ˲꣬Ҳ
ЩиأֻҪûǱ㲻ᶪȥȻǶЩҲٷʳ
ȻʳٵÿôҲͬͬ飬һЩ˱ὫԼʳֳһǣϣָܻ
ǶˣûǵչˣЩҲֻжһ·
Щ˳ܵ뾭ĥͱˣȥȺãҲһȺӣǼ罫ɱˡ
˵Ľ˵ʾ⣬ЩɱԼͬ飬֪ǶõģҲһ̣Щȴû˿Ĳʡ
Ҳ̫ܵĥõǵͨ˸ǿɡа̾Ϣ
Ƭ̣ʮزĿ󹤱ȫѪ֮УӰһת򶴿ڶȥ
û߶ԶһӵĽŲӶڷ˹õڿһ󾪻š
ţȥ£һֻǰȥ
Ƭ̣һʮħĿ֮Уû˵ȫսӿõǳһҫۡ
һ
ã汩Ƕһ·ռ䶼ǿи˺һѺۡ
áΪ׵տ죬Ҫ㷢Ľãѵǰʧɫ֮£ϽԱ߶ȥ
񡭡ȻˣȴûжãֱȺ֮һͨ
Ļ쵰Ҳ˺㡣Լһӱʮˣʱŭħһ㣬˹ȥ
Ȼδ嵽ǰֻгһöעһս˹ȥ
оǱɢĿֲϢɫһӱòҰףɴʱȴ
鼱֮£ֻûӽǱ
䡭ݺݵڱ֮ϣһǿ񱩵˲ϣõɳȥ
³һѪϲķ֣ȻԼһЩˣûжأӰʵ
ϵľϲŸǰǿ֮Уһ˹̫ͻȻûзӦ֮̽С
㡭˵һ֣һһը
һʣµЩʦ߾͸Ķ֣켸ɱȫ¡
ʱҲһصʬ壬һĿⶼûȣʵԽǿ󣬶˵ԽǺ£ǳȥĻҲԽ
ȳȥڿ˵һŶڱȥ
Ƭ̣㵽˶ڣʱϵĴսڼ޼Ѿ·磬һ˵ˡ
Ҫ֪޼ʷֱǶǺǣɶȴʣ־Ҳʡ
ʱȴûעǵĴ򶷣ǽĿ⿴򶴿Ĺ㳡ϣʱһȺһĮǱͺҪԵһ㡣
ɵǣΪ׵ľȻֱһ⿿һˣҪԸôˣͲܡ
ɱΪ׵ûϻֱףһͺ𣬻˹ȥ


060 Сһ
ĻͣӰһתɽɽڱ˲ʮźһ죬ڶҺΪӦÿ죬ҪȻҪµɽʯС
Ļ쵰վ̮Ķڣһؿǰ桰ڡ
ǡ˴Ӧһ׷Ŷڳȥ
ɽ֮У첢ûоʹ˰ݣһֱƻ󶴣ֱƻʮףתȥ
ˣôˣһ죬Ǳ㽹Ѷʡ
һȺ߶סˣҲǵĶ֡˻һɫòҰףȫ
ô죬ѵҪһֱ
Ƕģôˣ϶ɱй޵ġ
ˣˣȫˡ

ȫ¶ϣͷ㣬ЩʤľʿҲˣʱĻһ治ɫľʿơ
ĥѾʧȥ˾˵־̾ϢһҪˣ˵ǳȥһǳȥ˭Ҫ
ԣԭĿһ˿ϣǶ˭˵ŻԱⷢ
ĵ˵ͷԻӰ֮óһڵͿ̵ڿɻĿ֮£
ʱ֮п̵һᣬ¶ЦݣڳɹˣҺǵıҪȻϻòԵڵš
ʧܵڵһԣʮſĵڵŶȥЩԭȥȴǻδ㴫˹š
һ̮Ŀ󶴴һ´ͷ˻ڣǲɱԼˣҲʺ⡣
ڿ֮пһۣѡһطæ
ʱ֮
վڿ룬нӡѸٵı仯ţսɵĽӡ䵽棬һãԵǹãԽǿУΪģһãͼ¡
һͺȣãͼλȻǿɫãǹãһתû˵档
¶һĨ΢Цתſȥһֱ߳ղãͼͣ£Ҿ͵Ŀڣûһǿߡ
ʱ˴Ӷڷ죬һеޱȵ𾪣ΪǸͿˡ
ôţһֱʱ֮󣬶ڳһĨ⣬Ƭ̣ǱĿ󶴱㱻˴ͨһȺ˹
һۿ󶴣һһܳ˸ҽȥ֮ȫɱ⡣
ǡȥǸûз֣ҪԸĿǰʮЦǡ
ԽԽϵЦҲԽŨһֱΪ׵֮УЦݣ˫ֻ̧ӡ
սγɵĽӡвǰ󷨼ţͻȻһһǿȻԵ±õ۶
ô£Ϊ׵Ȼͣ£ŽϿȥһɽɫɵãͼǵĽ£ʱںɫ
ͫһеϧûӦһһɫ˲㽫ĽŸɣϴܡ
ã󷨡ֵļһȻʱǻ滹δϵĻƵǻ֮£սγɵĻȴˮһϳȡսٶȣƬ̣ҲóΪ˸ɡ
ϾǾĸ˿ĳɣϽȥʱһҲǾֵĺˣǻ浹ûյǣΪ˶һ롣
һˣŵҲֵȥȻǸ˳벽ǽɫ֮ͻȻðĽ⡣
˸ûзľ䣬ļһűЩ֮ϣǾһ㣬Ŵ̵Ѫ졣
ĲҽȻ𣬾Ե֮зһ㣬õź˵ȫһ
ͣŤͷȥʱÿЩ˶޷֧壬Щ˸Ľ֮ϡ
ۡϵÿһô˵һ㣬Щµܼ߱Ľ̳һѣɫһƬҰס
ڴʱԱٴδƿѭȥɫͻȻˮɫһ١


061 С󣨶
ʱǰл𺣣еɽˮ٣ΨһûΣյģҲֻԱ߻ɫȻжףȻĸΣգɫ򲻿ûΣա
ȴûʱ俼ǣΪʱǻһɶߣ󷽵ĵɽҲǽⱩѹֻҪ΢һ㣬¡
˾һŻɫɱȥԭǻΪɫ϶ҲΣǡ
ǲʱȴʲôΣûС
쿴һˣһĨЦнӡһ䣬һ̣˲ŵĻɫͻȻһһӱȥһֱûϥվȡ
á˷ֲ׼ʱȴȻ֣µͻȻʯһϵһǵĽŸ˷ֺ
ģôг˾ɲΣȫ̶¡
ʱǻ𺣡ɽˮԼҲǵǰֻؿǽԼɡ

ҽ߱ǵɽˮٸ̳ѣǻһɨһ궼ûʣ¡
һˮͶ֮ˣڻֽһˮ֮ȴҲûʱԸһˮ
ۡˮһĻս˲仯ΪƬƬƬʧˮҲֱš
ֻüһҽУĻ𺣱㽫ɣҲȻֹ
ȥĶᵽɤۣɽţһٴδһĲҽС
Ťͷȥÿһ˫ֱĲţһһ
Ƭ̣ʮֻ߱ʣһˣķɫһƬҰףܣĽžسһ㣬Ͷ÷ֺ
鼱֮£ȭͷס˫ŵĵݺݵĺȥ
䡭һһѺ۳£ϲǣȻΪ󷨶쳣ļӲһȭȥȻõĽſԶˡ
ֻҪȭ԰Ѵص
Ļаɣ˫ֻΪȭӰŵȥǻѾյϣΪ˵ֵ𺣣սйһߣҲû˿⡣
ľٶüͷһ壬¶һĨЦнӡٱ䡣
ۿ˫žҪѳһĨϲ⣬Ȼһ̣ͻȻоЩ̫ԾΪΧƿѾʧǽΧĻҲ뿪塣
̲סŤͷһۣͷһӾð亹
ʱղĵɽѱһȫǴ̵Щˮֱӱһ׵ˮһ˻ֱ
ΪһŻڵĻɫҲһ׶ߵʯͷˡ
ɲͬγɹ缲һ㣬˲ǰ֮£Ҳ˲ý£еųˮ߱˹ȥ
һˮ߲ûжܣҲûзӦ֮һΪ䵽档
ǿˣȴױ㱻ɱˮߣҲһ㶣ȴû뵽Щôױ㱻ˡ
ȻûɿǶΪصˮһ䶯ؾȻٺϵһԵ滯Ϊһ⣬Ľűҧȥ
´ӣҪӽȥһƿȴȻһ˫˹
ܵƿϢԿ϶鵽ϣˡ
Ҳ˲ýµˮߣ˵˫ޱ˹ȥ
䡭ݺݵ֮ϣһɾ޴Խϴս˫ֻڶѿ
ꡭ´һ֮űһʹҲʹ°ؾûһ㡣
ǿžʹͷһˮ߾ȻŴ죬ҧϥϣϥǶҧ飬ϥǴϳء
ĲҽȻ﷢ðʯͷ˶ĺ󱳱һȭܵƿϽӽȥɴʱȫ̵ĽҲǰ
û֣ȴͻȻһתײűڵ£ûа취ǰ˹޷ֵֻؿš
ۡ˸һ壬Ѫ죬жûüһͷûʣˡ
񡭡
ͻȻΪڶ𣬽зѪⶼһ¹ƽ֮иʲôû¡


062 ǿ
ǰŸɾȵĴһڿˮһ𾪵صѹʦڴ½ϵĵλôߣһС󣬾ȻɱҪ󣬾ۿҲѰɡ
˼һ£ҡҡͷϧȻǿ󣬵ҲֻЩȲúõ󷨣һսǸûл᲼󷨣ЩʱԲõսȴԶﲻˡ
νĲڵʵʮ֮ǰʹõĻӰԻȻʵȶԷ٣Ҳ׽նɱһ߲ܴﵽġ
ɴʱȴе㡣
ϲʮöʱʮöǰ޹⣬ʣ޼ʹһΣҲûнǶǽ´ٲСʱԽµϵһ𣬵ʱҲǿġ
صЩȴĿǰ߰ɣѾҽ
˻һп󹤶¶˷֮ɫȥ
ʱмλʸֵĴսѾҲ֪˳ʱһ˶ûС
߰ɣˡ˵漴ֿЩļҴˣϷȥǵ˶ǱߣʵҲ㵽֮ȥ򳤣ǡ
лˡ˸м칪һļҴ˳һ£ˣһУһˡ
԰Ǳ߻иһΪ˶ֵܡ
һֵҲǱ߿󶴡

ȫһؿ죬õΪѣʱ֮ĴսѾҲ֪
ʵʵ㶫ǵʵ޼ǿҪɱҲôס
ûжʵǣƣ޼ˣʵʵɱҲ練ƣﻹźЩĸ֣һǷ֣ʵֵ
Կǰȴô˿ھܾ
һһߣҹȥпܣҾͽǾȳ
лˡ˴ϲһתԶȥ
סǣһܡһͻȻһ֮дţһźüԼϰٵԿ֮г˳
һǣпɫһƬҰףɫҲȻһ䣬һסЩ󹤣Ǳɣ֮ǰһȫ׷ˡ
ûκεĳɣӰһ嵽ЩߵǰȭӰһϵһ
սҰ
ױȵܣΪ׵İ˹ȥ
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ݡ
żƿһǿ󾢷磬һ嶼Ʒŵȫð亹
ЩʵδﵽǣȴûķӦһֻܿǵвϷŴȻǵɡ
䡭
һȻΪһɿ񱩷籩ʶ˲㽫ʮ߸ɣһʱ֮䣬ҽ죬õĶڷ
ŽһԼȥ߳ɣǰɫһƬ࣬ȫ죬ŭɱ
ɱȻֻˣ˿СB
ֻһתöѳϣнӡҲ
Ȼսһսע֮Уһƿһ㣬˹գۼ㵽ǰ
áɫһ䣬ϽͣԱȥ
ݡƿӴһʱʹۣʶһ£һƬϾȻһ˺ۣѪ
һ£ҪǸղԼһ㣬ʱСûˣҪ֪ǰΣʱͲģСȻ¡
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ǰϰˣûиеСҪԣɴʱСˡ
޼ǲûиʱȥЩʱղŹһֶһֻ
ƿ֮ǰǿϧһĻĻаɣϽԱ߶
ܹ׼󷨣Ϊ֪ԶԷʵû󷨰Ͳ֡
ɴʱʵǿİȴѳ嵽ǰ˹õûʱ󷨣ֻȥ


063 ȭ
Ʋˣһ·׷籩һһһ·ڵһɽĹ
ǱƵ쳣Ǳϵ·˺ƣ¶ɫס
ԭб׻壬ѹҵĽ˲㡣ϵףЦи˸̰ϵҲӵøΪ
ġзŭѣɴʱȴûа취ûСİԷƴңֻòϵĺˣϱ£ԱߵҲ
ȻҪƴҾ㡣ɫһ裬ȻһöŰ˹ȥ
̫ǰȻ콫ȴûлܣֻؿ֮ϡ
䡭һȻ죬˶ɳȥһֱɳʮףһͣ±۵³һѪȻɫЩףƺҲûܵ˺ȻһԾվ
ͬʱǱը֮УҲܵɳԶֱײһʯϣͣ¡
СӾǵ۹׽õ죬첻ֻҪ£Ǳһٷڻ¡죬˵ҶСĵ㣬Сֶμ࣬ʸֶϡ
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ǰ֮˾ǵ۹Ҫ׽õ죬˶˷ܲѣһ뵽ֶΣ˻Щļ¡
׻˵֮±·һ뵽۹ķͣһȻ֪Σգ˹ȥ
ɱһȣΧļȫӲͬ˹ȥ
ۿԽԽܵɢǿɱ⣬ͫһһתóö˹ȥ
ͷ죬һıһϽԱ߶
һȴóһѷɵӳı˹ȥǸղһߡ
áǷɵɫһ䣬δӦɵѻб
䡭һȻըǿ񱩵ƵóļϽˣǱݺݵĺϣһֱףͣ¡
ʱɫҰףһĨѪҲ˳
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Űŵı飬ŭڶŭЦܺãܺãǵǾΪ۸
£սӿϵ·ƣͷҲһȫһɿֲϸϱõԱߵɽѹס
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Ҳʶ˲óһֻƵĹ˹ȥ
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һĨϲɫһᣬǰս֮£ɢĹâ
ۿԽԽϵЦҲԽŨ
໡һֲͷ֮֮󣬾һ㣬һֲѹõǰȻǴʶõԴ类ػһ㣬Ƭ̵ʧ
ʧ˲䣬ͷ֮ϣһ˶ͷȻ֣ͷһ֣ΧѸſӿצ֮Ѹٵʵ


064 ֮
籩˲ʧһʮףϵͷ֮ϣнӡΪһֲľ磬·޼˹ȥ
áʧеİǻعܵͷϮĿֲϣɫ䣬Ա߱ɴܶȥ
䡭أצӶһץ˹ȥʧ֮УûκεķӦ㱻һצץУ˺Ƭ
һ֣֮£ֶԱߵһץ˹ȥմʧ֮лع㿴һ˶צӳͷ֮ϡ
һУŸշצ䵽ͷ֮ϣһҲȻֹ
ļ֮£ǻعͷǿֲ˶ʧɫܾһ㣬Զɴܶȥ
ܣ¶һĨЦеĽӡһβܵɨ˹ȥ
󾪣ۿֻ֮ὣӲ
䡭βݺݺ֮ϣǿĳõ˳ȥһֱɳʮףѪֹ
׷ʱǰƲҲӽȻǳǿ󣬵ҲͻȻϮ֮£ʵޣûôս֧Ҳʵ
Ӳðǿе
һ˿ĻᣬǷ׷óҩ£ϵʱѹס
һսĿһת죬һɱһ
ɱһһŭԵһԾ𣬶˹Ҳû˿ĳɣҲȥ
ܵ˵ĳɫ΢΢һ䣬ʹõǰȭĵУߵսγһ֮ӭС
һж߿ƣζţǣ֮ʱԼûз֮ڵʶһĶãһʧȥĿƣܻܿᱻ
ȻʱҲһ㡣
һɣɫȻ¶һĨЦ֮߳ʱֻнӡϱá
ұһͺȣҲһХһ̣Ȼһɿ˲ȫ
áɫȻòҰףɻδӦѱը
䡭
һҵ𶯣ʮһ㣬޴ѺӿСһʯͷĴ䣬ǳɳʯ衣
ΪĿһɨ⴦ֱӵһ׶һű߷ɵʯӣɳȥҲûӵȫѪ׷ɳȥ
һеҲûӹһֱɳڵҳһδ
ۡ
һ˺üѪŻһʱȫɢ˼һ㴫ҵʹǶһ֣Ͳ㽫ʹιȥ
ҴʱȫǿտҲսգʶ֮Ҳд뱻ɣϾʶֻһɵûʶ
ʶ֮ͱϳ顣
ڵоԼҪһ㣬һµûС
ʱ޼ҵҲһһ䵹һʯ֮УϱüʯͷѹţһǻڶָţϾǰȻըһǿֲɱϾʵ
֮˼Ѫ޷ӦֻΪը֮ԶһЩһ
ը֮أʱһ׵Ĵ󶴣ǿĳ֮£޼ЩڳĿҲ׵ˣʹɽ֮ǰһء
һ̿νܾˣΪֹ˭ûֵˣʣµ˶ͼվǴʱǿ֮ĩ˺üΣûȫ
ˡԶǸղһЩߣʼһ֮£˴룬ʣµڼʶĿֲ֮󣬱˳ȥ
Ҳ֪Ĵս֮УЩûдﵽ߰ﲻʲôæҲûǿ
ȴ룬ʱȴΨһܶˡ
ңɱûüƿѹϵʯͷǼѵĵͺ
Ȼû˵Ҫɱ˭߶˼Ŀһתһɱ˹
ġǼߣ޵ҧгݣͲôһ㣬Խȫɱȴ߳⼸ƽʱӻֱɱõޱȡ
ٺҲûа취ʱվ˵ɱ⼸ˡ
֮£ֻóռŲһ׹֮Уʧ


065 Ծ
һƬ֮Уһȴֵ֮֫ϣһɫҰףֻһɫ׵棬ǧһεš
졣
ռŲ͵ģ֮ǰãһֱûб͵Σ֮ȴ͵֦֮ϣõϲãҲ²á
˵ù˺ˮһĿЦһ·ߣҲ׵ӣһҧץ֦һɣ˱
һ죬ˤ˲棬ϵ˸ʹֱðźһ㡣
عԻýóҩ£ϣָ
ת۰ȥٴʱѾһ˿ѪɫϵҲָ٣˶ֱۣȻȻۣܹܡ
һһûԶóһЩʳ߳Ա֮ǰΣȻûɱǼȻź뵽ɽԼỤ̄ˣ뿪ɿʯûʱ롣
ڶ֪͵ɿʯ϶ǰķչζţ޼Ժ뿪ɱɽˮ󼸺ǲܡ
뵽϶ʱ¶һĨЦݡŰ֮СѾָʱɽСġ
ӣ첢û뿪Ǿ𣬼
һȴ죬ϵϢҲüȶеһ㣬ǿ
Ļ쵰ʶ뵤֮Уڵ֮еսŭԾĻ쵰һҪó
óսڴԾҲͻŹң
ĬˣԾңȻҲŹ
Ȼ㱾ûдŹңʲôϵԾԹص㻵ҵƻҲŹ㣬㲻һʵٳɳôⲻóȫ㡣
£һɰսս֮мŵ֮еȥ
սһʱõǣǿнһһߣõԭͬСƽһӱˡ
ԶֹˣһԣƲˣСȥʼССΪ㣬ֵۿűĽ䣬Ҫɵ
д󼱣Ϣʦı־һʿı£ǵҪϢΪҪսǲͬģ˵㲻ʱյԱҪС
촦ھʦһٵһԺʵԶͻƵԽʵԽ
Ļ쵰ĸаɣϽʶǴѹƹȥǿֲʶѹ֮£㱻ס
ƽѾƣҪǻָǰģҪôôĵҪôС
ƽʱһ취춼׵ɣҪĴֻʹУҪСֻҪһҩ
ɴʱƽʱҪȴ첻ΪʱʶȫѹŴ˳ȥ
ʶ˳ȥǳУǷõҩ
һʱ֮䣬ǳɸ벻ð취
¸¸¡ֻЦսڴǲû취ҪҰһ°ɡ£һսս֮ڼ
ܵǰսѣΪսģںòײŽǿѹסսʶѹס
ʱСؽɵʵ˵ʿԶ
ĸ޷ܵģĸаɣϽʶֳһǿеǼս
䡭սʶ֮ײһ𣬷һĺ֮ʶ֮ȴֻܼսٶȣȴ޷ͣ˵С
д󼱣ۿսҪ䵽֮УһҧٴδѹŴʶֳ֮һ赲ս
ǰʶ֮£ս㱻ֹסˣɴʱΪʶ֮ѹƣֿʼС
ļ١
ʱʶ֮ȫʹ˳ɸܽ߶ѹס
ʱսڵİԾƺӲһЦʶ֮Ȼǿ󣬾ȻһۣѹܹΪʦ֪㻹ܲٵһأ
һᵽɤۣʱѾ޷ѹסߣһǲҪô
ɾʱսȻıһǿսһƬ


066 ʵ
Ҫ֪ΰԾҲ֪ʲôֶΣȻʱһѹƣ֮ͻȻҡ
ҲҺ֮ʱѾָһ룬ҪȻʱ¶ˡ
ȻǵսδսϿյȻһһмһս֮ϡ
ʱսϸֳģЩʶϴξЩĽԾǿзӡս֮ڡ
ĲҽͻȻսڴСҵţҲôŹ㡭δ˵꣬ԾϢٴȫʧ
û˰ԾĵңһۿСҪɣɴſѹƴʶ֮ȫǱ̶ս֮ڣСȥ
ʧȥԾĿƣսȸղ˺ܶ࣬ʶ֮£˲С֮С
ս֧֣ټʶ֮ԴȫѹƣǹһŵСѸƬ̱ﵽҾȻŴʶѹ֮ʽɵ
Ѿﵽƽ⣬ſԴѹƣһʱ֮䣬ãȻ
ȻʱǲûȫĵսҲѸգõѸǽﶼռʶ˳ȥ
һڵ֮֮ͻȻһС´ϲϽʶѹס֮еսСȥ
ڴսĹע֮£Сϳɳ֮ǿмһƬԼأʱԭǰҲΪСܵܣƽĵ
һйƽһѹʶſȻû뵽ǣʶ뿪ٴʶ֮ѹƶС
İԾղսжǿ󡣡ҧгݣΨһĽ;ǸղŰԾս֮Ūս̫ӴõղŶûꡣ
£Ҳ֮еսգֻõ
ϵͣԭѾһССٴαѹƣûа취ֻ֮ܽеսעУСһ𱣳ֳɳ
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ţ֮ٴδ֮ͬʱȻ֣Ȼֱ֮ǰ˲١
ĳɳûͣ£Ķᵽ˰УԼ֮еսѾȫǵСɸɾۿСҪ޿֮ʱԱһͣ
Ƭ֮йƤѸٻСһֱﵽֻռ֮һʱƽ
һڹƽһʶ˳ʱŷȫѱ亹͸½ǶγѪ
ʱʵҲﵽ˶
һǣԭӦø˲Ŷԣɴʱȴû֮е˷ܣΪ֣ȻԼʵǣΪٴѹʹʹ£ʵҲǿﵽ֮ǰҲǿһ㡣
ԾǸ취ɱףȫɢɱ⣬ҪǷӡԾڽʵ϶ܹʣ֮䲻˵ʤܹߣЩԸҲÿһ¡
ʵһǣ⵹һЩοϴΪӡԾʵ֮Ҳ׵Ҫԡ
ԭӦûôͻƵģȫΪԾĵңʹһǣҲûκεĺ֢һ㣬԰Ծͦмġ
һʱ֮䣬ͻȻ֣Լ԰ԾǳìܣԭǴԼĻ⣬˵Ӧúʵô죬ȫΪս飬ûս飬ʵͲ˵Ŀ죬лԾĵʹʵ
ô˵Ŀңʵǿֻ֮١˲ᶨе뷨
վҴȥڰ·ϣҵļҸյˣʱһЩȳļҴѾһˡ
Щļ֮⣬һЩӿӳҲһһʲ֪Ǵ󲿷ݶǰɽΧӵˣΪʺúʹ໥չˣż
ǵĴӶûУҲûеطȥļҴһǰ塣
һ޼ҴӹץˣǶ֪޼Ǳƴ»ȥᱻץһпۼˣһҲһȥһȥ


067 ۶
ӿӳȻݣЩҲһЩ׳ֻ꣬Ҫˣܿܺ
ļҴСˣ׳Ҳһˣ½һӣ鼴أ⿿һ˸ܡ
ԣЩļҴ˵ĵļҴ˻ǺܻӭģǲԣȻҲûзԵĵ
ֻǵ˵һе˲ûоȳҺܿȫʱǱˣȻҲûй죬콫Ǿȳְô࣬ѾмҪôࡣ
˴˰죬ЩȲˣΪڼļҴҪϵҴڣٻҪʮϣϾ֮Ųٵ˺Сܳʱ·ûΣ֮£ҶȽչǣϣڰ·ϳʲô¡
ϴ峤һһЩ£²ǵҴˡҵļҸգЩǸһǰǳ̻һȥֱǰѴӽʱʲôҪģֻܸ˵
Ĺ¾ȥæɣùǡļҸմЦǵЩң㹻Ǵ½ˡ
ڰΣ֮޼Ҹտ֮ǰ࣬ȻļҴ˱ʢ֮ʱ֮ţֻҪЩ޼ߣǺָܿ
޼Ҹպ˼䣬׼뿪ȴİȴһֱһֹӡ
ʲô¾˵ɣͣ£İ
İƬ̣Źӣܲ취ŪһĹ
ĹЦҪĹʲô
ļҴ˴ѣǱȴΪƴУһжΪǲṦ򡣡İг˲ʵصǻṦ򣬾ôҲƴ
֪½ϣûʵǲеģļҴܹѣȫ㣬ÿļҴѹ㶼֣ǱԼʵС
˵ţ£Ȼ֪󣬵ң۶ĴۣİԺ󶼻취ġ
̫ˡһЦİ˵ȷʵȻǰ޼ңⲢʾͰȫˣÿҶǿ˭Ҳ˵ʲôʱϣһЩߣ½ЩʦҲһԱ
ȥΧŲٵɭ֣ŲٵҰ޺һޣ˹ضҲɺܶ࣬ԴӵķչǷǳкôġ
뵽Իý֮óһؼսİһͨսȥɡ
лӡİϲ
İ˼䣬㵽˸ĳǳأһ£ȷʵ̻ᣬóƼҵĿĹɳǰȥѰļҴˡ
ҪһƥŸǷɱȥ
صǣ콫ǵıｻɣɽһıɺͼλЦð춼ϲ£졣
ЩԴҵķչٽ׶ΣѾһЩ츳ߵ߽
õЩ޵ڣļϵĶҪԴˣǵûһ㷴ԣ֮ǰõڵø졣
ǵĻ˵мʦҲһǿ̣ʱҲû˸Ҵҵˡ
ȴһõϢڰǰƼҺͶһ˾ұ֪ͨ۶зʽ
Ƽ붫ңѾ˺üߴ١
żǣ˵ķʽѾһ졣
кܼҲ֪ʱλûУŵ۶ɿظȥλûˣҲõ۶ȥ
һ·ʮ֮һްΰǳǰ
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ǵ֮£糤Ŷӽǵ˸ҴҪ˵Ҳǵͷѹ
۶Ȼһ¶һĨЦ⣬Ŷȥ
߳һʮӱصӣ
ǣסɻʵ
̻֮ˣС֮㡣˵ţóһ̻ơ
˵ͷ漴ɻصɺô֪ҽ
СȻ֪ӻС˵һģһֱ㡣ЦѾʮˡ
ԭˡЩǸصΪˣõȣǲ˼
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068 ־ƽ
һǣߵſڣ㿴óҶſһԭ컹Щɻ󣬿ɲķ֣ԭÿ֮˶ύһҡ
óһңȴЦӲأղѾ㽻ˡ
лҲһ˳ǡ
۶ȷʵһǳؿɱȣƼҵĳҲ޷⣬С˶ţë·ʱԲעⶼȵ˵Ľš
䷱̶ȿɼһ㡣
ں֮Ѷʲ֪ԭ۶ΪÿԱ̫һԱǶ಻ʤΪԵ۶Ƿһ¡
컹֪ɺΪ˵Ȼһֱڵ۶̻֮Уû뵽ǣʽȻƳˡ
ÿÿ֮ͻȻһǳɱŵýϵȫֵĶܡ
ȻһλʮҲ֪ǱˣôģǼƥɳ۶ıȻվڴмһ

ۿűգ۱㵽ǰ˶ŵþгһЩ˸ŵס۾˴ʱҲ˫Ȳ
Ϊ׵İҪײ˵ǰһ̣һӰȻǰһȭǳİ˹ȥ
䡭ȭͷݺݵĻڰϣһ˻ȻأϵҲ׷ɳȥ
ҲͨˣڰһԾغ˵ϡ
һ۵ڵϵİʱ֫鴤³İĭӴѪۿǻˡ
ɫȻһ꿴ǰǻɱ֮ˣһʮ꣬ϴźͨȥûʲôر֮ʲôӵܡ
֮Ȼ죬ʱû꣬ǹĵĶʵ˼ңû°ɣ
ûû£лȡȻŵòᣬɫҰף˵òȻԱףɱʱȫһһתܣ˵
ߵľٶ쵹Ҳû˵ʲôڴ񱼣϶ǴӵܣЩͨ˵Щ˶ǲģһ仰֮ء
תһ꣬Ƥ׾еģһǴ
ϲûб飬ŤͷԱ̻ӣЦЦ߰ɣ
Ȼδһǰסɱҵıˤңѵôˣ
Ц֪˶࣬Ȼ񱼣˱ѵ㻹ˣ
껹δ˵һԱһΪ˭ԭѹԹӵıɱ
˵֮һۣ¶ЦԭƼҵСүǿԵŸսǣǣѵϴܵĴûǳԡ
쵰Ҫɱ㡣ȽɫȻһѰγҪȥ
Ҫ֪ϴƼ֮£־ƽÿ˰ʮޣǱ£Ҳǲųĳͷǳô󣬻ǵһΡ
һ뵽£Ƚ̲סеŭԱߵ־ƽҲ̲סеŭ𣬰γҲҪ졣
С㣬ӣ侲̻ӸϽǰ˵ӿƼҵĿ䣬ǴСĿˣֿ˿ƼҵЦ
־ƽӵĻȵһūţҲܱү顣
磬ʲôֳūţֱɱˡȽֱӣףһĸҹ档
˵䣬Ƚӱ˹ȥ
һһūţɫһҲƣȻǵϵνϵϵֻ˭ȨѣʵĶһѪ
ȽȻĻľٶõŭڣۿҪϣһߣ綾һǰ̽ȥһѽȽץס΢΢һȽֻһʹȻ˰벽Ҳɿˡ
Сãôˣ־ƽһǰȽסȽûлشһԹؿӣɱūš
С㣬˵أҲơĮ˵ʱеŭ޲ýȽ
Ҳƣ־ƽһЦɱһûעһ˹ȥ
־ƽһӱһߣŵȽһӣһ⣬Ľֱ־ƽĲӡ
ٶ̫죬־ƽûжĻᣬϢõȫһ䣬ɫҲһ̱òҰס


069 ϵͬ
ȽŵþԱߵҲ׷׼Ǹղס꣬ɫҲһס
ģ־ƽʲô£д鷳
ʱĶᵽɤۣȻ־ƽȽҲ޲ý֮ɱ֪ڲʱ
ҾɱҲԶ֣ô˵Ҳ𣬶Ƽ֮ˡ
ɴʱȴӣֻؿ־ƽ
ݡһ־ƽĲǰһͣЦΪү˲ûƼҵǧŬʲôǣͨƽ񡣡
ǳĻ־ƽŭ죬ȴ˵һ֣ΪʱӵĲϡ
Ȼ־ƽҲ׶ԷδؾɱȴҶģҪ֪Ѿ֣֤䵨죬Ҫټһ˵ɱ֡
һɣڵϣŤͷ֮ǰǸֵ꣬Թӣ̻Ŀˣӣȥı̻⳥
û˵ֻؿ죬˼쵽кαΪλܵƼ˵չˣԼүС㶼
Թû˵ӿ죬ͷ߰ɣС㻹ڵǣ
ͷûٶ˵ʲôӱˣȽҲû
һֱǵӰȫʧ־ƽȫ˫۷죬һͷħͺ֣ҵţұʬΡ
˵˭Թһؿ־ƽãǶ˶ˣΪʱĵϸûг嶯
ǻ쵰ɺСҰˡȽԹص˻һԼҹɫ䡰죡
ʱԼҹӣŵҲɫ䣬ڲ۶۹еʵ֪
Ϊ˵ֵĴսΪʤʤˣڵʤѾˣҲΪ۹ȨѾֳɣΪòɿ
һԣ첻һʵǿʦһʦҪ֪ʦʤûһˡ
ʱ֪֮ǸԹӵɫҲһƬףǲĴӵܣֻǵ۶һӵܣԹɾǽϵ
˭뵽ϵûύȵôһֿȵȻǲûж֣һ仰û˵ȴԹӵһ
һĳ֪飬Ǻ󱳶ɵһ󷢺
ؿһ־ƽˣԹӿһ۵ûϢİһۣתԼ۶ĸƶȥ
ʱԹӶ־ƽҲǷŭѣɺ֮ڴ۶֪һ˵ںڽɭֹйŮദ˰£췹ˡ
ΪˣԼҲ˸ҵЦ
ڣԼУԴɱ⣬ҪΪⳡսҪһֱڸǣҪԼҲΪһ˾ҽϵ׸㽩ɳ˽ԼҸˡ
Σ鷳㽫ɱ˾Ҳʲô˵ģǲΪһ˶Լҽϵ㽩
һжΪ֪˱죬־ƽ֪죬ȴ˵װ׵Ĵôһᡣ
ŭȽһ仰ɺǸСҰˡɺνû޵ԼңڻƼ֮ˣԼûϵ
ȴԼδŵϱô˵ҰˣԼҵš
ԹŭȥȽδеĵɻ־ƽ磬ԹôôĻ𣬾ûиǼݣǼѾˣӹǵģԹӸûҪôĻ𰡣ǻǳǷġ
СãԺ󲻵˵ǼɺǼ˵Ұˡ־ƽ̾ϢϾԼδŵϱ
ԣȽɫһ䣬ΪʲôԹӻᷢôĻ
̻·ϣӶû˵жӺǸ⣬ϾΪ־ƽĳͻ
ȴ룬һ֮ȴЦвǸ⣬־ƽȻƼҵүС㣬Ҳô
ƻΪǳͷص
ǵǡҡҡͷƼҷΪ֪ģƻһɣǼһɵģҽ֮±־ƽǲȣƻô
Ҿͷˡһ


070 ֵ
У˺ܿ㵽̻ᣬ۶̻ռźܹһ߲ߵĴ¥֮⣬й˾סԺӡ
ֱӴ쵽˺Ժӣһȥÿ˳ɺ
졣һ죬ɺ˫һˣ˴飬ȻҲҳٵ
ⲻʱһЩǺһЦ÷ʽƳˣҪȻɾ鷳ˡ
㻹֪鷳ɺһۣŤͷ˵ȥ
ǡһתȥҲһ˳ȥ
°ɣ쿴ȥˣɺЦֻһЩС£ȫԴ˵ţɺ֣ȥ
һݣʵ˵˵һ°ɣôҪôƳأ
Ϊ㡣ɺЦڵ۹ƷΪɣһΪȻ´󹦣̫ᣬԴһΪ㹦ԶӦ÷⹫ù˶Ե۹ķɡ
Ϊһֱ۲ݣηΪϴεķʽΪδҲû۳ƳˣˣҹҲóһˡ
һжΪңЦãû뵽ΪԼȻ÷ȴ¶Ƴˡ
Ϊ㻹ʲôɺЦû뵽ԼӰѾ˵Ĵ˰ɣ
⵹ǡ˵ͷп϶ҲƼ붫ҵְ֧ɣ
ǿ϶ģûҵ֧֣˭⹫¡ɺҪ֪۹ҲĴǹǲԼ򷴶ԣ˫˭ЭԲŽֵڣҹֻе˾ˣ⿿ɣ˭Эġ
˵ţɺһ£ܵõҵ֧֣һȫΪֳʵǱʦݡ
˵ͷҲף嶯ģͨϵ츳ǸܵģϾߣ岢ȱ١
ҪСһ㣬ҺԼҶνǺ֮ǡɺ֪ѧ󷨾ȻǴߵʱҺü϶ҪԳֶԸ㣬Һǵ˾ҺͶңԲһֱûж֡
۶ȻǵЩϼﲻ֣ȫһĸԸ㣬֮ͬǵ۹Ҳܡ
ֻҪһ֣ҾͲǡĵ
֪ҲҪСģһҲвٵĸ֣вСɺصصЩǿǼ֮Բһ˿ɱȵġ
Ҫ֪ÿ츳ĵӶ͵˵۹ѧԺ֮ѧϰǺ֣֮ǰûмһ֮еǿߡ
һСģ־־ƽȽĴ磬ԭҲ˵ҲӦס
סͷаҲˣҪǸңǿɾͱҲˡ
ţ㴫һˬʵЦ˵ֵˣôûأ
Ҵ硣ɺһЦȥ
յſڣ㿴üĿ׳˶磬·
硣ɺЦôˣ
˵ֵˣʲôĿöġһЦĿ䵽ϣֵܰɣ
үмһпϲ
ɺ˫ϼߵĵһۡ
죬صͷȻһ㣬ҲһЩرע飬ܺҵθڣԺͲҪʲôүԵöݣұ󣬾ͽһɡ
˵ţҲûǷӦǰס򣬵ߣȾȥĸӷ硣
磬Ÿأɺ˶ţգգ۾죬ֿɺЦСùִǣ
㡭ɺһ죬Ŀĵþͭ忴
ȴֻǹһЦûϵֵܻڵ۶ЩӣԺ׽ӻš
˵꣬Ҳû죬ļȥɺŭ˶ţҲֻøȥ
ճû߶ԶһȺ˱ӭ˹
һȺˣ϶ʱ¶֮ɫǰ֣ôˡ
Ⱥ٣ʮȫʶģΪ׵ǶȫԱ߻й١ﱦɡԼһսھ١


071 ֵ
ǻֵܣһôΣѵҲ׼մ⡣ȫȤ
˵òǴҶֵܣ˾ȻҲǣ÷ǲܴӦġҲ
ٵ÷롣ﱦҲЦ
ʲôУ̳Ҳôܳͷô˵Ҳһ˺üµֵܡ
޳ɡͼλСӳȫһ˵İҲҪط졣
Ⱥ鼤ܵӣͺʲôŭԹһ㣬ڴҵľٶû˿ķУһЦǾүǲ壬־Ҷźȡ
ֵܹȻˬ죬һҪ顣һЦ˳ֵܵӣȻʶˡ
ʥ¥۶Ҳǵߵľ¥ԷߣǸһ˸ͽȻҲѲ
һˮҲʮҡ
ʥ¥һ߲㣬һ¥ǹЩһ۶¥Ƕ׼ģȻҲЩصСһɽȴ·һ㣬Ʒһ㣬ǧ¡
¥Ϊ䣬ǧңΪһЩ̸µ׼ֻҪԸһԲ˴š
¥϶Ϊ¥벮ϻǮǵ¥¥¥ΪʺĴ׼¥˵ĴҲˣΪϵĸ׼
ֻ¥ϣǾݺ͵λ
ˣ붫ȫ˵Ĵ£ĽĿ֮£һ¥ֱ¥ôһȺȫ¥Щڴò͵ǣһ㾪°ͣһʱ֮䣬Ҳѻȸ
ֱ˵ӰȫʧȸһۿиǳĽ
Щ˭Ȼȫ¥ôһʶ
Ϊ׵ĺĴƼҺͶҼ֮ӣʲôֵ㡣
ЩϺǿɷ϶Ǻ֡

¥һ޴ķͣ£ΪȫҪһԷûʮˣ¥ΪϺĴò֮أôһӳôˣԸû׼ôӡ
ĴǲһģȫһҪ߶˵ҵһشԲƬ̱ڷźá
ʽǲһ㣬ȫ˸ԽһϲʽƬʮ˱ӡ
ˣǶȥɣǶǾˣЩơȫŷСǻ˻֡
⵹ǣôһȺүԼнţЩﷴְšɹһЦ
˻һСǵǲ˵ʲôһ˳ȥԱߵɺȴǺݺݵصһۡ
ǿû˵˼ȫЦҪմֵܵĹ⣬ǾСҲδػ
ԶԣСǿǵҡҲЦ˵Ļɺ΢죬һͷĿȴĵش졣
оɺľȣǺһЦϽΪΧ˵ģɺǺܺõģѵǰû棡
Ǽȶȫ˵꣬ǲ͵ˣղžȻ˵ΪɺŻǰûңôģô˵ͺɺܸ߰һ㣬У÷ơ
ÿǺ͵ģ˵þЩ˵Ķһ㣬ôԩĿɲܴӦ÷󱭡˵ţƱ˶ȫǰ
ûȶȫ˵ٱվ֣Ҳ̫ǸǵˣƱɶŮ˺ȵģ˾͵û롣
£̴ӱʮ˰ƴСľ˽ԭڸղţǱ׼ˡ
ҲɣһкǱӹ룬ʼҵƣÿһ룬ȫǰ룬ǰߴ롣
ǰһװľˮˣȻҲܺһЩƣҲôȷ
ǰǼޣصȥ¶֪ˡ
ԱߵɺҲˣҪ˵ҡҡͷ˼˵֮飬ͱˡ
ɺԼδŵϱ
һ˼϶ʱһĨЦ⣬ŤͷԸЩǣλǿɶһģ˵ǲֵܣ
һ㶣û˼ӶֱӦǵȻֵʲôֻ˵ֻҪģǵɽҲаɡ


072 鷳
˾ͺáٺһЦɽˮǲأֵͬߴ룬ҲͰҷֵһˡ
ֵܡﱦɸҪ˵㿴ղŲ˵˾ǵɽҲаɣ⻹ûƽţȻ˵ˣ
ﱦû˵ϽԼǰľһ˵һݣֻʣ²뻹װԼУУȴһ롣
ҾλֵܣףҼӹٽʵɽսʤ룬һھͽʣµľƸ
ȫصֵܣû뵽Ȼô黫ǿĵ˵ţ㽫һƾˮһˡ
ԭƿ׼죬ͷĲ𣬿˭֪һҶֵܣͽƵǡ
һǰֵʮһӱֻʣһСڣΪһ󣬷ȵ
B㿴ңҿ㣬ֻ¶һĨЦһڽһƸˡ
콫ֵܶ˳һʲô˵ġ
ô׵ؽǰľˮȫ˫һϧûпڣٱһ֣ǣȻǶֵܣϵɽϺû⣬ȴԼȡ
Զԣⶫٴˣٴôĳ⡣ҲҡͷȫЦֻö룬ȥ
¶ǣȫѾ죬ľԲһ룬Ȼˣȫһ룬Ҳһ룬Ҳһ롣
˿ͷ˶ҪңһЩСᣬҪ֪õ룬ǾƱ
һ˵Ҳаﰡ˾ͰĴڣһܺȵ˼롣
ȹٺﱦɾˣÿ¶ǣжһͨ죬鶼ѪһƬۿſҲ˾룬ҲˬˣϽλֵܣôܲһȥҿһٺһ룬Ǵ໥ˡ
һȫͷͬ⣬Цʮˣʮ¶ǣڳ˶õڵϡ
һ˺ü룬ÿһ۵۵죬ʲôζûԳ
ֵܣ˵һǣ־ƽ˳ͻȫͻȻŤͷʵ
˻һ˶졣
һСͻҸûг֡ҡҡͷһν
ֵܵʵȻڻ¡ֵСǵĴ־־츳ܸߣʵ־ƽǸ޷ģõĸܺá
סͷ
㻹עһһˡȫԳԼҴϵӣ츳Ҳܲɱû֣Ӧǵʱ֪ݣ֪ݣҲ㲻
ûȻԼƴҲδǣֻҪǸҶԴ˲Ǿ˵ʱȫظǡ
ԣǸǵ˿ɲ˭Ҳ
ҲǣǱϾǾϵˣԼңҲҰôǺһЦ
ҼԺȣһֱϵķ˶ɨ⣬໥ţҡҡλε뿪
˵ҲǵģͲٺȵ㰡ɺԹˣһ죬ԱߵҲվȣɷɣû˷ɴ˭ҲȺ໥ȥ
վס
յţһȱǰţһȺڵ߱·ס
һΪ׵꣬ɫ΢΢һ붫ȫҲɫһȫؿԳʲô˼ѵǴܣ
û¡Գһ죬ȵǴ˸ղŴɱңɱҵı¡
ݡԳȫƱһҪ
ֵǣټһһŭԸǵҲȫγһϸɢɱ⣬Ǳɱ㼯һõΧΪһ䡣
ɿֲɱ֮£Լҵɫ΢䣬׹ʵһЩĸ̲סһ
Ҫ֪ǿǾƴɱģɱɱ֮ģ¾ʵļСӳҲǲμʮսģϵ˶١
ٵˣǾ͸˵ÿһ˶ٲμ˰ٳսϵĵоǧƣۻǾɱĿһֵܹġ
ۿͻһȷȫǰһԳȰ㻹ȥȻȺ˿ʵﻹ


073 
ҲҪ˵Գɫһˢһʣ˹
ԳĴͷҲһĽƶ
ֵǣұ֣ǿǸǾ˵ʵȺҷʲôߡһŭ𣬾Ҫȥȴ붫ȫһǰסԼЦԼҵĵԽԽˣȻ۹ǻӽ
һԼ߶ʱסɫصĿ򶫷ȫȫЦҿɸǣÿ˶ڸ´󹦣֮˷ȻǻûʽѾǹ壬֣ҿмԴ
ԣԼɫ䣬ǲ֪Ⱥ˵ݣֻ֪ԼҳΪ۹Ц
˴һȺ۹һʲô£ͷأԼҲܵǣһʱ֮䣬˶ˡ
죬ҪǸүǣվһϸ£ڱǣԳ֪˵ݣڶȫ˵֮ʱҲûԵ⣬ǽìͷֱָ졣
˶Ŀ䵽ϣΪʱԳһսȫҲö˵ʲô
˶в²϶ӦϾԳ˻˵̫񶾣첻ӦǲͳǣҪǴȥɽΪʤЦ
ȴֻǿԳЦʲôҸҾͱȣȥʺȥȥ
˵꣬ҲԳ˫ۣǰȥ
Գ츳ߣСڼ֮Уǵ۹ѧԺֻб˷ģʱ˾ܾοǱ˵ķ̡
еŭڵϳ壬ۿҪȥĻ̵סһȣ˹ȥ
쵰ȥ
һΪһ⣬ֱĲӣ˲۱ѵǰ
ͻȻ˶ɫһ䣬һȴκεķӦǹʵǿİˡ
˶ΪһӣԳˣԼʵΣͻȻ֣ʵȥҲѣĿֵܵˡ
ɱЩЦ֮˱죬ԴʶԴɣʵ֮ӿô۹ԳеţɱΪ´󹦣ΪԺΪϴ»
һĺôԳϵЦԽŨ
Ҫ̽첱֮ʣһߣԱһƫһ̶ԼԳȥֳצֱϮ䲱ӡ
˾ޱõԳһ㶣ܿ㷴Ӧһţų˹ȥ
Ҳ˿壬ͬһţ˹ȥ
䡭
źݺݵһǿĳõͬʱȥһ˳üͣ¡
˫ûٳ֣ôؿŶԷһԳŶЩ˻㣬ˣ²ôˡ˵꣬תȥ
ŷ㡣Ц
ԳˣҲܿ뿪ˣûٻƸ빫ٵ˵ǾסľƵ꣬ϾסƼҲӻ
У졢ȫɺ˭û˵ԵЩѹ֡
һſЦôˣô˵
ֵܣȻЦóȫҡҡͷصصûв´Գ鷳ӦܵԼҵָʹ̽ʵ
ԳȻ츳ǿԼһҲֻŵģ滹кüʵǿģӦҲܵˣʱʵΡ
ʵңЦҲصģֻҪԼЩϹŶûʲôµġ
˵ţ¶һĨЦݵˣһһʦʵǣҲδػܡ
⵹Ҳǡȫ˵ͷ¶һĨЦЩϵҲ١
죬㻹Сһáɺ¶صԼܳΪĴ֮ףǵĵ̣ǼҷźüһóԸ㣬ʱɾΣˡ
һȫϵЦҲȻء
ɻʲô
Ǵ֮£ʥ֮ϵ͵һЩͨⷽƣܺǿʥԶȵģ˵һЩǿķ֮иǱ߽һЩ޵ǿзӡУ÷һЩرܡ
˵˵еǷ汻ӡ˷ӡҾʶųΪ
üͷһ壬Լмķ


074 ģһ
Լһֱ˫ǹϽ񣬶˫ǹٻһͷ߼˫ͷߣҿǹߣǳ֮ǿϽһ˵Էһ
ԣɫ΢΢һ䣬Ƭ̺ųʵ˫ǹٻ˫ͷӦòȫʢʱڵ˫ͷ߰ɣ
зӡֻ飬û壬ǵʵȻܴﵽȫʢ֮ʱ߼˫ͷ߿൱۵ޣֻܷӳһʵҲ൱ɺһɫĵ
ɺϵĵǣ΢΢һЦİɣԼҺôҲĴ֮һǵ֮Ӧòóʹõġ
ȫ̾һȻô˵ڵԼҿǶ֮ǣʲô鶼ܸɵóֻԼϵģû˭֪лм
Һ֮ǣ¶һĨЦֻҪǸͱҲ
˵ţһת򶫷ȫֿ֪ҵ
ңȫһ㶣ЦʱԷģڱ۹ҹɱýͷöûнҹɱ㶨֮ǰӦǲԸġ
ҹɱװɵ㶵صĴ֮һȻһɱ֯Ӧˣ
ҹɱǿպաΪ첻֪ҹɱ֯ҹɱϸ˵һ飬гֻһ£ҹɱɱҶʮʱˣһ˸ˣκãԺʵҲõҲ
ҹɱĹ̫죬ǸҲҹɱֻܸżҪԱҳţΪҹɱƴü嶼ͼıĴ֮һλá
ɺҲЦǰЩ죬ǻϣֽҹɱɱƼҵܾˣҹɱԼģֱǻá
ǶҲҪֵֵ۹֣ûиʵܾˡȫЦ˾ûĻشֻԼҴӦæҲ˰æһҹɱټϾҹֲֵ̫˭ǡ
ڵңҪҹɱ÷Ŀӣһ⣬ǲĴλп˶ʱǹԼĿо㡣
˾ͺá¶һĨЦ⣬һֻҪʱ鷳ԼңֻҪЩϼһﲻܹӦ
һǵֵܣ첻ˣǾˡ
˵ţ㿴ɺСã߰ɡ
ɺЩɣȴЦ߰ɣλ˿ֵܣ̻һЩҩû̻ƹ񿪿ڣҿò
ðɡɺ˵ͷúϢ㡣
˵ͷ˲ٵľƣǶСĵ㡣
İɣءһЦɺȥ
첻ؿȥɺԱߵĶȫ̲ס̾Ϣһ
߳ƵţͻȻͣ£ɺСã֪룬ֵȷʵԽƽǿٱֹκԼĴ֮ףƼǿԳܲסԼҵִѹ
硭ɺεı飬ɫһͷ״˼
һ£ɺֳָһĨᶨıҲġ
һ̾Ϣɺļ򣬵İɣ粻㣬ֻҪˣ綼ġ
ҹ³ǣԼҸơ
ط⣬ѾǰʵˣԴ¿Գʵ
ȷʵˡԳػصҽ̽ʱֻʵһ˶
˵ڵʵҲ൱㻹ҪһЩˣһ뷢԰׵߿ԳʵԴ󺣣ԼҵĴϣҲԳүү
ǵġԳгŵص֣ʮİսɱ
һ£΢΢һüͷǰܷľٹϵǳĺãҴʱδ֣ЩǱŭˣһγǶ֡
û뵽СĸͦǿԺҵüͷһ壬ЩסһǹϵֺãСֿ»鷳ҶԴּΪ̣һЩٳˣ˵ҾͻĿս
үү¶ҸʲôǲĴ֮ף㿪սҲҵԹҲ࣬һ˶ΡԳɱԼ붫ͬˮԼÿӵܶĵ׶Զҳޡ


075 ģ
սɲһС¡ԺҵҡҡͷһֻƼҺңοҵɲ⡣
˵òҿɲһ򵥵ļ壬ƽʱЩԹУҪǿսʵǡԴ¿ԳҪסΪһλߣӴȥ룬в¡
ǣԳ˫һѵʲôܲɣ
ЩԺǻġԺҵ΢΢һЦα´ģķ;٣Ŀ£ģø֮Ϊ۹ЧηúأһЩٳ£ضŭԼԺķչΪԡ
˵ţԴµΪǴʱ˴ɱ졭
үүѵǾôˣԳʵغСԼҴ˴ĳ裬ǾôŹԼҵڣԺ󻹲˭һţ
һԳԺҵûж˵ʱԴȴЦ˵òȲ˵ǴɱǷܹɹɹ¶Һ˾ҲԼ˵¡
˵ţԴһתܰдɱǿս
ĿһתԴ¿ԳԭӦɽƽǸСȥʵĶ֣Ȼղ˵ʵ㣬ǾȥΪ
ԣԳһ㶣漴ϱ¶һĨϲģұؽСʬΡ
ڶա
˸ճԹɺ˱ˣ죬ͻȻһص˹ɫ쵱ʵʲôˣ
Сˡгŭ⡣
üͷһ壬¶һĨЦ˶
һˡ˵Ҫս顣
ս飿⻰ԱߵĶȫҲ̲סüͷ
ǵġŭص˵ɱıǱö꣬ȹУѲһƥֵܣ˽ɱˣ൱ɱֵܣҪߵķʽֵֻһ˻һ˵Ļȥս顣
һȫɺȫһĨŭ⣬ȴЦڻ޷ܾ߰ɣȥ
죬Գбܿһıɺܽս顣
ûϵȥ˵ҡɺһĵĿ⣬밢ȥ
Ƶʱ˶ŵԳԱ߼˿ֵˣԳҲô˫ֱվ
һ죬Գ˵һ̽սЦ󣬵۶䶷ԴΪɱıֻһĿԲ˵ţԳת뿪
ȵȣһԽ¶һĨЦؿԳƾʲôҪҾҾҪ쵱ʲôˣ
Գһ㶣û뵽˵ôһ˵ĿԲֻŮˡ˵꣬һԱߵɺ
㿴ҸʲôɺŭԳȴһЦԼ
ɺһţҪڱ⣬ȴһգȻҾͳȫ㣬ôһû˼϶ע
עԳɫһ䣬Ҫʲô
һ¼ʯʮռŲЦ֪òռŲǿóֵ൱Ʒ
ԣԳɫһ䣬һٿ¼ʯǶԼҲһ֣ԲģοʮռŲҪ֪ƷѶֵֻϴε۸㡣
ϴ̻۸ǿǳǧʮǹڽңԼҲһֲ֡
˴һĿͲԳܹӦġ
Գ˵ϵĳЦŨˣԲӦõô˵ϲң
㡭Գŭճڣ㴫һϵãҴӦˣ䶷ǻὫһ
һȺ֮һĮĿ죬ֿ˿ɺŽĿתЦֻһɣһС壬ܷóЩ
ߣԱߵȫɫһ䣬Ȼʶߣȴ߸ҴӦôһʶʣԼҵݾԲ͡
һٿʯʲô˵ġһЦһתǾӨ͸Űʯǰ


076 ģ
һٿʯ˵ţó̺õĿռŲҿƵĿռŲȻʮһὫٿƼʱԲһ
óĶ˶ȫԸľû⣬ڳ˶Ǵ󾪣ɺһɲǽңʯһͲеġ
˭뵽Ȼһóٿ飬ĶĻǿռŲǿõıõһ൱ڶ˼
һʱ֮䣬ж˸˼ղŵĻôŪһռŲ
Ҫ֪סľƵǵ۹ָǷپס֮أ䵵۶Ϊߵĵطס˷Ǹ
óĶԺҵɫҲ΢΢һԭֻ볰һ죬ҵǿ͵ˣóٿʯҲӡ
֪ǣڹϴЩ֮У͵õʯ⻹оɱǵĲƸҲ¼ʯкüٿ飬мʯҲкü顣
ο컹аԾĲƸ
ѳڣԺҵҲֻҧȻˣ䶷
˵ţͻȻһŤͷɺͽҵү˻䣬ʱˣΪӰҵĹϵ
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ģҲǵóѵġһסɺ֣ľٶֹģϾŲˣɳһ£̾ˡ
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ôڳӦ˵ԼԺҵͻȻվסɫصĿԳڵʦʵһֻܿˣˣôһЦʣԼҲ˵Ҳһʧ
үүʦԳҲ¶ŵı飬Ȼڹֺ͸ʱʹù󷨣ΪԼ붫г𣬸ǸûǵˣȻ˵ʦȴû֤ʵ
˵ռŲȻƵģҲòʵˣʦǿһ߿Եֵġ
İɣʦҲһŵʦүүЩ껹һЩղأʱȫװϣԿġԺҵ
һԳһ
ص䣬ɺ㼱ɴ죬ôܴӦԳԼȫһȻֻܹԲһͨȡ
Լҵ˭Ҳ˵ǻԳʲôԸ㡣
ģûµġϳŵؿɺˣҿΪǿʦ
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뵽ɺղϵĿɬȻһĨɱİɣҲ޵Լҵġ
ܵǿҵɱԱߵĶȫɫһ䡰ֵܣǧ嶯ԼΪĴ֮ףʵһǿΪǵ۹ܱµٻԼмɵԲ֣鷳Ǿ͸ǽڡ
ַģзִ硣΢΢һЦһתʵ֣֪Խƽ
üͷһ壬ȫƺ˼ԽƽȻ츳һ㣬ҲԼҵӵܣڵ۹ѧԺѧϰΪɺ鴫۹֪ҲЦѾܾûȥ۹ѧԺһֱԼң˵Լ㡣
ˣüͷһ壬Խƽǲζžûа취֡
˼һ£ҡҡͷԳ֮ľҪģԼұƻƼҴӦ֮Ҳ׼Щӡ
תȥ
䶷һռǳĽǶÿ춼ʮ䶷Щ໥ŶԹԳһ㣬Щְҵ䶷ߣΪ棬ҰһԷɱȡϹ˵ĹЦ
ȻĻ䶷ץūһϳǳʤûа߻ܻ뿪ġ
Ѫ뱩ȴ۶Ϊ𱬵ĵطЩ˷û¸ɵĹүǣֻǶʿѪǸеѪҺıţȼա


077 ģģ
ȣǻ𱬣ܹʮĿ̨ͱ˼ˣ滹ԴԴϵؽ䶷еĶҲų˳
Σ䶷Цúϲ£죬Ϊÿ֮˶ƱԽ࣬׬Խࡣ
һ磬Ƶ꣬Цֵܣ׼ôˣ
׼ˡͷüͷһ壬ôֻһɺأ
̻һЩ£ǰ뿪ˡЦЦЦݺܲȻõɫ΢΢һ䣬еԭ
ԼǰȥƻˣƼҿ϶ҲӦˣɺԼһŭԼңƼҲ׼
뵽һĨŨصɱԽƽȻҾͳȫ㡣
һ˳˾Ƶ꣬·ϣĵصˣԼҵĵ̣ǻ᲻ֽţҪڳֽţɾΣˡ
İɣ䶷˾ҵĲҵȻԼƴ󣬵˾ҿǻ壬˾ƹ䶷Ѿ꣬ûֽţҲһֱڵԭ򡣡ЦҸҲƼҵĸˣ˾ҲΪһԼҶ˹صġ
ȫҲЦ˵ò˾ҲΪԼҶܻ䶷οֵܻǵ۹һǰԼңǿɾ͵ǵľ٣Ժ˭Ϊο˾һһ£ģøΪЧ
ҼҴҲˣǸǵˣҶȫҲ˭ġ
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ܶôҲǧĽ𿨶ѡһȻص˾ҲôһҲⲻɣ
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⵹ǡ﹫ٵҲЦ
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ô£ǲȥѺעôǵ˾ˣ
Ϊ㣡ȫЦղȥѺע֮ʱΪųɾŵ˶ѺԳʤѺʤһ壬Գһһ塣


078 ģ壩
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ˣӮǮЦûҪΪôСµ˾ҡ
˾ǴˡصԶǿԶ
ϢƬ̣֮ͻȻһվȥ
˼ͣɵԳ˶
֣СԼҵķҲѵ
šͷš
ȥıӰһĨǣ򶫷ȫ˵ܴùԳô
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һõɫһ䣬Īص˻棿
˶֪ЦҲȫ˵ͷõֱ̿ˮ֮ǰҲֻ˵ǿɵȻֻһʱҲ˻ɣʱôı飬Ҳòš
Լҵİ֮УԴ¿ȫװԳԼһеĽܳɲʧ˶С£ԼҵǲǴ¡
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һϳΧ㱩һɽĺõԴһͣƬ֮ԳҲһĵܱΪ߿
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СŮ̧ͷӣ͸߹㣬ʦ㻹ţ֪˰ɣ
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СŮȻС櫣ĸף۹˾졣
£طȷʵȻӶһӱҿⳡδԳĶ֡Աһ˾߷ŵü
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ԣ˾üͷһ壬ԱߵСȻ֪ɲʲô˵ı飬µΣգ˾켱ףԲΣգð
һ£˾΢΢һЦСͷİɣµġ


079 ʼ
Ƕϣ֤˵Ķע֮󣬽ʱóһ״״ǩ֮˫ҶԷ˭
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кԳɫ΢΢һ䣬ֻüķ
͡һݺȻΪֻܴ濴棬ǿģȴףǊ櫵Ҳ¶һĨ΢Ц
ԼҰ֮УԴüͷһ壬Ժҵϣô죿¿˿ڣǲܲӡ
ӦǡԺҵЦǲǩ״֪ô
áԴµͷŰ˵òһʱ嶯ΪԾ״Ͳǩˣֳʤɡ
ȻºԼ˵ˣ״ҲͲǩˡе˵ͷ״˵ʼ£ѷˡ
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ȥԳͻȻһԾ𣬸ͻȻΪһֻɫͻ޿ƥ֮ƣͷ˹ȥһ·ռ䶼˺ѣ¶һռѺۡ


080 
׻
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СɡԺҵ¶ѪЦ⡣


081 
˾ķ֮У·֮ĻӰ˾¶һĨЦƾ󷨣콫ڲ֮أԼˡ
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˵֮䣬ԱߵĶһҲһľϲ֮⣬ڿĿ֮Уϣ
ͬʱԼҵİ֮Уڿǿֲս֮һǴʧɫҼ»ԸǷŭؽǰĲ輸Ʒڵء
ûУֵܵʵԳ㲻ҲѲƤȫŴ⣬Ц
ԱߵĸǾǣȻѾǵһοʹһУǿֲƣһҲȻ
ֵܹȻ봫һֲޱ𾪵صȴиΪֲǡ
֮⣬̨ܿһƬң˿ĻƣܵΧǿֲĸ£һʧ룬һЩѾǻŲ·ųȥϧ쿴̨ϵ̫࣬ν˰ˣһţ㷢˲¼˲٣ҽ


082 һ
ʱɹ˲ÿ̨ϵˣΪԳڸܵһĿֲ֮ȫ߶еķõǰ׻ٶȸ죬Ѿ쵽ǰˡ
ᡭ
һϽӡͻȻ֮ţǷڵĻ֮£ĸͷȻγɣһ̣Щһγ
ȥɡ
нӡһ䣬һŭ𣬻Ϊһ⣬·

ԼҰ֮УǴ޿ƥ֮ƼµԼ֮˶ɫ䣬ԺҵҪȥȴԴס𼱣һȷʵСʵ̫Ӳδؾƿ̵ķ
Χڣʤδ֣ʱȥҲ͵ˣԺҲΪЦ
ԣԺҵͣȻȻܵԳӵİΣԼҵȣ߽ΪҪ
˵Ŀ֮Уһİɫͻݺݵĺһ˫һӴǰɫͻ㱻Ҳ˳ƶ£ݺݵĺ˵棬Ƶĵ涼һ׵ĴӣǾ޴𶯣̨ϵ˶ڵء
ΪǺ̫ǿͨҲ죬õκεĶ㱻ɳȥ
ţҲݺݵĺԳϣǿ˲㽫Գû
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źǶ˹İ֮У˶ֵؿųǵڵϵ죬ĿУ˾η
ȿȡһĨѪҪ֪ղŰ׻ǰըģ߲ĿҲȫϡ
ǰСܶصˣС˯֮УȻȻϣȱ֮󣬷ͼ˺ܶࡣ
ټ֮ǰһЩˣһڸղһ֮£ܵ˿νһ㶼ᡣ
ʱԼҪɢһ㣬ȫѪϵķڣ඼λһ㣬ֱһǿѹ
վԳղվ֮ȥ
ӱԵĿһɨ¿һԳһĨ죬ԭΪԳ϶ʬ޴棬ȴû뵽Ȼˡ
Ȼǿ󡣡̲ס̾һĿһӶסԳǱ׻ϡ
׻ǿģҪѽɱԳڷƣѽǰзŹĵ·ȥ
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һڹ⣬Ǹܵǿ񱩵ͫһһĨȻ׻Ҫź󷽱㱩ȥ
Ϣ̫Ϥˣڹֵ۹ַͬһʸըˣӶǵӵ
Ȼߵľ̫ˣԳ͵Ϯ֮ǰû뵽ϢίңޱȵԳȻôһ֡
Ӱһɲѵǰ
鼱֮£ʶһϵױƳɱ㶪˹ȥ
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һӴɲ飬㷢һȻը죬ɲʱΪһƬʶǿ֮У߶ֲɲס
ɲǿֲıը֮£Ϊһ죬ͬʱ滹ſɲס
䡭׺ݺݵĻ֮ϣõ쵱³һѪţĿҲݺݵĺϣǿĳ֮£ڵ滮һߣһֱԶͣ¡

ĲҽȻڳȥַ˲ҽе֮˾Ȼ죬ӳɲԳ
ʱԳɲǿ񱩵֮£ȻסһȴȫѪģɲҲ֮Уһ֮š
ԼҰ֮УԺҵҲ̲סһȭƣ
Ժҵɳͬʱİ֮УҲһԺҵǰԴϣǹƽʤδ֣Υصġ
Ժҵ˫ۣŭӵϡٵţҲ
ͣɫһðѾʮûж˰ɣͿ˭


083 Դµľ
úúáԺҵŭЦȫսӿۿҪֵ֣ǰһ̣Դ³ǰŶԪѵԼҳ׿ս
׿ս϶Ԫһ㶣漴ЦԴ£ΪĴ֮ףҶҾ㣬б¾˭ǿ
ȻˣʶһʵԴսӿδ֣ƷɽַȰ˵λɣôˣ𣬲ôҿЦô
ԭƷɽǺǰ˵ͣϾʵʤŸĿӣһǴǲñ̵
ȴû뵽ʱŭԺҵȴûиƷɽһӣŭӵƷɽˣҲףȻ˶ԸǣѲҪԼΪвɣ
һƷɽɫһɻδڣԱ»Դ֮ҲЦԴѵûôƷɽⱾԼңҪȻôԼδϱһޱӰСһܻԼҵ
»ԣ˵һΡƷɽȫɱǵΪҲ֪ЩɺϢҹɢȥҿ̫徻ˣ
»ԣɫһƷɽ࣬Ƽûмҽ̣˶ģȻңΪҺ۲ǡ
˵䣬»ԻĵؿһԱߵԴ£Ҫ֪йɺ飬ȷʵɢȥģΪǴƼңȥԼҳΪͷ
ͬʱΪ¶ĲֹƼңԼңһԼƷɽĻ֣ҾĳԲ˶ߡ
µ˭˵ȥԼұؽһ˭£ҰܻԼؽΪԼСԴ
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СҡԺҵһȣΪһȥ
Ժҵȥȹ˵ӰһԺҵǰ
Ժҵŭȭͷ򶫷ϺȥҲʾȭͷԻȥ
ԺҵҴϵһߵԴӰһȥԭƷɽ뵲뵽ҵĹϵʱٵԺҾĲˡ
Ʒɽûеҵĳԭ뵲Դ£նͱԼҵĳϸ
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Сʲô£ҷȫҡԴǳûȭӰ磬һֻһȭͷѺݺݵĺԳԴ֮ϣõԴצ㣬ը
һɱû˿ĿܣһѽԱߵ׻ý֮Уȫսӿ˫ֽӡϵ
սγɵĽӡΧˮһɻ㼯Ƭ̼䣬Աγһ籩
СȥԴһŭ𣬻ȭͷ籩֮С
Щ籩Ƚƽͣһ߶ܵ˺ԴʸȻҲܵ˺
գۼ䣬Դ±嵽ǰȭͷ֮ϴ磬׶Ρ
Դ£ס֡˾һŭ𣬽׷Դ£Դ¸ûᣬȭͷٶȸʤһ㡣
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ƽʱԴ¿϶᲻ϧһд£ڲУԼ֮ѾĶԹһɳȥ롣


084 Ѽ
ʱ˾ʵҲֹº˾ҪԼ鷳Ҳ£˾岻Ϊһ˶Լ˺
ڴ˵УǿߣʱѾûʱȥôˣֻȽһԺ˵
Դµľٶ˾дŭٴȵԴ£ҵ۹󹦳ʲô£ҶԼҲ
Ǳ£Ҳһ˵㡣ԴһȭͷۿҪԴ֮ϡ

ǧһ֮ʣͷͻȻһɿֲһ̣һŭ֮ͷ
𡭡
𣬷еԴͻȻеԴһ£ʹ̣һ˲䣬ϵٶҲȻһʱȭͷȴѿ춥ıϡ
һ˲Ļᣬһһһ̣ϼӡһ޴ͷһ£צԴµͷץ˹ȥ
ܵǿֲϢԴɫһ䣬ֻ÷Ը죬˶ȥһץ֮䣬ָ֮£Դ½׷
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һ㣬Դɫһ䣬ȭͷȥ
䡭ԴһȭݺݵצӺһγɵצӶʱ㱻ӴԶ
·磬ԴϵɫԽѪٴȥ쿴һУɫҲһ
һв̫⣬Ϊ֪ԴµĶ֣ϾԴ¿ʣֻǽʵ̫
ԴԽԽ첢ûη壬Ϸ¶ѪЦЦߵɲ׳֮£Ե쳣ֲ֮еħû
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գۼ䣬Դ±嵽ǰԴûٹһֻצӣȭֱӺԴ
һɱȻֽɵȺ˾ʱʧȥ˻ᡣ
ȻȭͷûԴͻȻÿҲѸٵ
Դɫ䣬ȻδȥѺȻһը죬Ϊһɿɡ
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籩ԼˣɴʱȴŶŲҪ֪ղȻװɲ󲿷ݵɱȴܲұɲ壬ʱżȵʹࡣ
ɱԳȫʶټϸղʹһУڵսһգʶ֮Ĵ룬Ļǳ籩
ֵΣա
ˣ㡣
Сġ
ӰгյǶߵ˿ǿֲ籩ҪϣȫֵĽ
ȴˣֻվؿ籩ݺݵĺϣɳȥ
硭
ֵܡ
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Ѫɳȥ죬˶ǲʵ籩˹ȥ
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һڵϣµƵģҲҳһ˸ǵ˺üѪ˺һû
ֵܡ
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ֵߡȫһͺȣӰȻһǰͬʱ١ȫһǰγһǽ
ԴΪԼҵļʵʣ֪ԼʵסֻԼȡʱ䡣


085 
ˣ˺硣һȣһͳ嵽ȫǰ棬ŵöȫɫһףϽȥ¡
ϧԴµٶ̫죬ȫս£Դ±㵽ǰû܊붫ȫȭͷ˹ȥ
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ۿȭͷԽԽվǰĶȫѾ˫ۡ
ȻȭͷҪ֮ʣһȻ𣺡Դ£ôĵӣȻЩ۹֡
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ܵϢԴɫһ䣬ϢϷһȭϣʵ㲻Ҳˡ
ۿһȭܽȫɱԴȴòȭӰԱ߶ܶȥ
ӰһԴѵʮ֮⣬ٻعͷʱ˾˫ɱؿ
ţӰٵķ˱ƷɽŤͷԴ£֣ҶûɣȻɱ֣øһ
ƷɽŭˣһҲһһŮǳܸɣĽΪԼһ£ǰԼҪ飬ԭǷԵģɼ֮еЩϲӦǲΪһ˶Լҡ
Ϊˣгϸǽɺ㣬ٳţǽ̻ĹȨɺ˻ȥ
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ܵƿǷŭĿ⣬ԴͫһеŭȻʧԼĴ֮ףңǸеĪѹ
ŤͷһԱߵ»ԣԼǰϵȻУΪʱͬˣʹǵĽӴ࣬ϵҲ˲١
ܵԴµĿ⣬»ɫ΢΢һ䣬һŭƿߣϽͷŤһߣȫûзԴµĿ⡣
ǰ뾡취ԼϹϵΪԼҵƼңӶΪĴ
ԼѾ壬Ȳ˵Ƽҵʵ˾ңͲԼܹġ
ټһƼң֣֣Ҫǣʲô⡣
»ֲɵȻƼЩԹҲ޶ԹûҪΪԼҶôһС
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֮ҲûⲢʾǾڶ˾죬һʵۣԴǲɱСһôˣ̨ǿʮˣʵ۵ķš
ĿԴ뿪Ʒɽ죬ǲŵɲף˶üͷϸǷŭصû뵽Լ޳ܣȻʹɲ顣
ϣҪֵ취ȫ㼱Ǿȹ
İɣҶһ뾡һа취ϵ˵ͷ
ŤͷԼƷɽҲһȥѰκпɲ֮ķ
˾Ҳ죬ͷǰ붫Ԫ˧˵йϢһЩɣһǴ֮иʤģҵ۹Ĺ־ȹ櫣˾һ뾡һа취ϵɲס
лλǰɲ״ʹ࣬ż˹ֵһл˶ķ֣ڲ
ȥϢ˾쿴򶫷ȫˣ漴ֿ򶫷ϵǵİȫ鷳չһ㣬Ƕǵ۹컹ҵ۹֮Ψһڵʦ
·ģǵİȫҶϡᶨص
ͷ˾쿴С櫣ǻȥɣҪˣ
С磬ȻȥˣҪȊ´Ҫȥ档
š˵ͷ
Ʒɽ˾ҵ뿪ˣϵû뿪ǻصƵ꣬һϱǣ뿪
ԭ뽫ȫӵȥסģ뵽Լ̫࣬Ҳ;ܾˡ


086 ɲ
ʹУ˾졢ԪԼƷɽ˾һɱһð죬˾ſˣλôҲǰ취Դ½쵱ǵҪɱ죬ˣҪɱǵµô˵˵ɣ
ˣǸһ㾯棿
üͷһ壬ԪƷɽһۣǶ˾˼˾ǰ˲ŹԼңҴ˱ˣҪˮ
˼һԪҶ˶Ͳټսսģһֱǵ۹֮ٵģķ֮һÿһ˶Ҽ嶼ǳҪ
οȫҶүǾսΪҪԴ½ȻǵҪֻɱ²ܾôˣҪȻΪҶ
Ҳ޳ɶ֮⡣ƷɽҲΨһӣҲƼΨһӰˣһڣƼ޺󣬵ʱ¾ʹû䣬Լ֪ˣһףȻһ棬ƼҲôˡ
Ʒɽ⻰һ㶼ûͽܳΨһĶӣҲƼΨһĽӰˣһȥƼҽ޽Ӱˣʱ֮Ϊ֮λضҳһţ˶û䶼пܡ
Ϊ֮λûڴ½Ͽɲʤ֮ǰЩкܶҲ˶ûġ
λ֮⡣˾Ҳǵ۹СԴ֣Ǵ治۹ɸɱһѵֻԽԽţ˵Ժ󶼸ҳ֡
ѵһȣΧ񣬵÷ǵϮ
仰ұЭ飬ִѹԼңЩ˵ǿͨͬʱ⡣
Դµôˣǵǵ棬Ǻ֣ǾôˣԺ˶ΪԼҡ
ֻϵɲô죿Ʒɽüͷɲ׿ɲƼھûа취
Ҷҵа취ϧڶûʵԪҲҡҡͷһĨǡ
˾Ȼǻ壬ɲȴûǸ˾ҲҡҡЩź
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ƵС
ϵʹ࣬ܵǷ壬̲ס˵ˣɣһЩ
ˣɣˡҲ
Լҡ˫ȭգ˫۷죬һͷҰްͺ
ȳȥɣû£ҡҡͷ˵ڷ˵һһ١
Ϣʲô½һǾ档ȫͳ˵ǿʹ죬Ҳʹࡣ
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ʱоǧҰ˺Լ壬ȫڿɲ֮¶˵Ѻۣսھ֮ĴҴܣȫҪɢһ㡣
תһȦɫԽѿɲ׹Ȼûһ취鷳ˣ֮дУ£ҵ¾͵ñٵ͵ڷ
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ϣܹá찵һһ̣֮ΪѾ嵽һɲǰɲͻȻèһ㣬ַɴܡ
Ǿ֡
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𡭡һŭ𣬾ŭһ㣬ſڣһҧסһɲףɲײǰԵôĲ԰Ҳûڱ㽫̽ȥ
žͻȻһǱµɲȻ棬֮һ㲻ϵš
Ķһ£ɲУѾûа취ˣٽ֮֮ƻǺǲ롣
ܿ죬һΪɲ֮ޱȵĿ񱩣ȴûи֮ƻ
컹Եĸо֮ɲ֮󣬱ǰøӵǿһЩ


087 ܾ
˵УԺ绽꣬Ʋףѵ˵Щɲ׸ɵˣ뵽дϲٴδ߶֮žеɲȥ
ԼҸơ
Դºһһ˭û˵ռȵѹ֣һ͸ĸо
ð죬һͻȻվλԴ·ŭص֮費ܾôˡ
ԣ̫ţԺ󻹲˭ܵԼͷʺ
ҽɳֱӽɱ
ļҲԲܷŹһҪʮ塣
ڳȫߵĵȿֺģͺһȺֵĺһ㡣
ˡԴͻȻһͺȫԹԵر죬һſԺҵϣ˵¸ô
ʱͳг˷ŭһͷҰڵͺһ㡣
һԴ£ֿһڳϣԺҵ˫ۣСȻܷŹԼ֮ڣļҲҪȫ𣬷ͷ֮ޡ
˵ţһתСҪ⣬Ҫȴ˾ңӽ˾ҡԼƼҺܿѾˣ˾һֱԼңһֱдѹǡ
ռѾ˾춪ǴѹǵĽڣٽСһɱ͸ǽڣȻԼҲ壬ҽˣһȴԵ̫
Ҫ˵ʱ֮ˣԼҾҪԺҵҪ֪ԳԺҵΪɫһҲΪӰȫĶעľ
Ͼڴ֮УǷǳҵģȻΪϣûнӰˣ֧֮Ѫܿû䡣
˵Գһ֧ϣûˣôѪŬΪӰ
ǵɱģβŭԼˣԼҵĴϣʱƴˡ
ȴԼҵĴϣݵλԺգľٶǣ̫Լңòǿѹеŭ⡣
ԺҵĻһɫԴ£Լҵĵλʵ˾ҾԲΪһ˺
飬˾ҲǲҿģֻҪٶ΢һ㣬ʱɡ
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˵Դ½嶯ǰ˾櫳֣ŵ˾춯ŭǾһڡ
Ҫ֪ԴȻŭɶΪһ֮ô÷ŭûǵģʱȫѣ˾櫣֪˾еĵλǾԲġ
һ˾첻ܿջǳˡ
뵽Դµ˵ͷ˵ò˾ľٶȷʵྶͥԼЩʵıõ˾岻ˡ
Ժҵɫصص˵ò˾ȻһֱڴѹǣǶǰУҶǵӰҲǺܴҲûᣬ˾ľٶԲǵĴѹˡ
һ˾ңԼҲ壬˾ҲҶԼôϾһҿսֻңڲͬ˾ƼҺͶԼǿҵ֣Ȼ㣬㡣
Դµͷ˼ûʱԱһȴҪ֣Ȼҵʵڼ֮ǵļ룬ԼҲδزһƴ
һԴԺҵԼһ𵽽ǶĳǶɫһĳȻΪûȥǶ֪ҵΪ˵ɫҲһʲô¡
һԴµҾһǽͷݣǰͽǣ޷Լ֮ѹƼңҵ֣ȵĲǾҪ룬ҲǼ˾һѹǡ
ô죿ԼβΣˣһɳϼˣϣһжʵ˵ԵԼҾ˾Ҳ壬Ͼ˾ȻԼǿΪǣƣǸȫԼҡ
ɴʱǣ˾ҵļ嶼˾ңõ˾û谭ȫԼңԼҾֻвҰܣο廹жңԼ˵һѡ
ûʲô˵ģԼЩٷ궼ˣôһС£ԴһĨЦǾЩ˺ܾˡ
üͷһ壬򲻵ѣǻǲҪЩ˺ΪãҲδʲôġ


088 
ȻסԴµͷһתҪŪ˾νͬ˵ģм俿ʲôϵģҪ֪һֱ໥ķţ˭ĶԷڱͱӣûǶĵϵǸܷĽˡ
üͷһ壬ȫ˼Ƭ֮Ժҵų᲻Ǹ죿
˼£ԴҡҡͷȻҺƼҶСҲȹ˾櫣СҲǱ޴󣬲ûгɳûϵҡ
֮⣬ûйͬ㡣Ժҵüͷ
Ӧǻû֡ԴңҳԼ鱨ϵͳһҪҳǵϵ㣬Ȼǵ˲ơ
šϵͷһ£ô죿
СɲףΪ壬ССңֶܽʱܣҪǷĴѹԴ³
һڵɲԽԽ٣̺֮ҲԽǿ󣬴ʱѱɲȴû˶˿Σա
ϵʹҲɲױɶԽԽ
֮֮һɲɣҲһ
鷳¶һĨЦ⣬֮ǱɲװΪ֮ɵ֮ʱüͷһ壬ڸôЩɲŪأ
֮ƽʱѪ֮Уһ֮۵ɢЩɲ׺пܻٴλص֮С
ţ֮ΪͻȻһһ̣Щϵɲ˲ûʧ
δŪô£һֲȻϱЩ˿˿ɲס
áɫһ䣬Щɲ׵Ѿľ֮Уõ޿衣
ǿֲ֮£ľ˲ţЩŵ֮еմ֮ҲȻƬ̼䣬㽫
ûᡣ¶һĨϲ⣬Ŭʶ֮ƽ⣬Ǿ֮еŵ
񡭡
Ƭ֮󣬵ͻȻһ죬𣬵һӱ֮ǰȦܵ˾ϵЦݸŨ
鲢ûоʹ˽Щɲ̫֮磬ʱ籩һھ֮ʣоܲסȫŵõԭǴǵ֮󣬼һš
Ƭ֮󣬵ٴαǿ֮£ܲסִһ֮ٴαǴһȦ
ܵϵЦõһջ
ɲţڵʹ֮ҲĴƬ̱սеһݣǵʧ֮۵ҲʧѪ֮С
͵ۣһǿϢȻϱһ˲佫ȫʱѾϴͻʱΪʵ
񡣡¶˷ܵЦݣһתһսȻϣʱսȻ˿˿ɲס
ս֮еɲף첻ûη壬ϵЦݷԽŨû뵽ξȻøǣս֮лɲ֮ƾЩɲףҵսɡ
֪Լ֪к뷨أ뵽ϵЦѾ֮ɫ
һ䣬ȫԼǵһɾȫ϶˷ŭ뵣ǡ
ӽͻط䣬Ǳһֱԭ취죬ɽʾ֭Ҳû뵽ΰڵɲףϾɲ׿ǳײУĿǼ취ġ
ɵԼңھɱȥΪ˱𡣡ӱȽϱİҲ̲סһŭ𣬾Ҫȥ
һ밢Ҳû˵վ
վסȫһͺ𣬰ŤͷһһͷҰް˫ˣ֪мҪ˼ɣҲǿһȥֵܹһˣûʲô˼ɵģ˾ȹǵǲۿŴ˳˴
˵ҲˣһŤͷȥ
ǵ˵ľٶȼҲȺվɱȥ
˵ıӰȫȰȴ˿ڣҲȥǶȫξֵܣԸ͸Űһȥˡ
εĶԼңⲢ˵ԼңΪӵܣһǼ֮ӣľٶǣ̫ȥɱԼӵܣпöԼҳ׻ƴܾˣʤ۹пΪĻƴ
̫󣬲ܹܵġ


089 ƻ
ꡭűߵǰİ򿪣Ҫȥſڱ㱻һ׳˶Ӱס
ûˡ죬һϲʱϢƽȣҲûߵɲףһûһ㡣
ɲףκεңһЦ⻰ȫ¶ϲЦݡ
Ҫȥ£ĶȫҪȥ㱨أ
֣ɫһŰ˵ԼҺ֮һȥֱ
ֵܶͷһصܲܿŴԿʲôɣܲˣ
ǵҿ⣬¶ÿŻĳصԼҺ֮ǿڵʵܸԼҴ鷳ǣǾͺúʵǿˣٽԼֻɵӸɵ顣
şֵ̌ͷ죬жɫ
û˲Ŀ⣬ЦˣҲûˣҶȥϢɣ
˿û£Ҳˣ뿪ֻжȫνɲġ
Ҫ֪ɲ׿ǳѳ֮ǿ֮ɫĶڸֶη壬첻ôױ㽫Ƕ
ʦһطٺЦɲҲͱҸˡ
طȫһ𾪵صôôǿطôһֱ֪
ǰ֮ǰû˵Ҳޱ𾪵ĵԭǻΪʦ֣ɲ֮ˡ
Ͼɲ֮ǿսǿнƳ⣬ûа취ȴ룬Ȼ˵طⲻζţԺɲ齫Ҳ޵еġ
طʦԼģƽʱһֱӣǲ֪ҲһЦ˵ⲢƭˣЩʺ֪򴫳ȥ֪ǳ鷳
ԭˡȻжʦȴ˺棬Ҳûʡ
һˣȫҲԼķˡ
Ѿɲ׵ܿ㴫˶ҡƼԼ˾ңֽƼ˾Ҷޱȣ˵ɲ׾һֲĴڣǼʵҲ޷
ȴʦһطȴ׵ؽˣҲʵ챳һǿʦ
ȫĻ㱨֮󣬴ֻЦЦûй𾪣ͺ֪һ㡣
öȫǲ죬һ׷ʣȴʲôֻ˵Ժġ
һ֮
ԼҸơ
˵ʲôСϵɲѾԺҵһϢһӾͱü
ˣȴţԭɲ׻ᱻħһ㰲ο
һҹȥȻƨûУӲͰˡ
ǵġһԼϽشǵõϢ˵ʹʦһطϵɲġ
ʦһطԺҵɫһȷûŪ
ǵġԼֿ϶صһǾȫ֪ƵҲ֪Ҷڲ²ʦǺηˣ
쵰ԺҵΪŭŤһħһСΪɲ׾ûˣôġ
Ҹơ
ɲ׺ϢҲܿ촫Ϣ»ȴһɲ֮оһֲĴڣڸ뽫ѣȴһҹ㽫ˡ
һʦطҪ֪ܴطͼطǳǿ߲ܴ
ܹɲȿֲطȻ»ûп룬Ҳܲµȼ͡
ܴطߣһǿߣǰǶ챳ʦһֱɻ̬ȣҲˡ
һ뵽˸пΪҳ֣»Ĵ֮һļҲһ²ѡ
ΪҵļλϣҵĳҲŵòᣬѵõû
Ѿû·ˡһص֮ĶԹѾ۵̫ܺͽ⣬ҪôҪô
һʹԭĲѵɫΪѿ
ðΣϵĿɨһۣʵҲ̫żǿͽô򵥵飬ǿ߶ῼǵĵӣֻǵĵӴﵽǵҪǲŻŵ
ǵĶԹҲһ飬λʦҲδ֣ҹڿڣϸڿˣλǿҲٹ
˼һ£»Գ˵ʦҪͳˣȵڣǿǵӦǵǰľơ
һ˶϶ɻ


090 侮ʯһ
ڽ磬彫ھְԼץ̰۾˾ֱּλ
֮⣬ԼڸصҲ⵽ƼҵĴѹǵõ˾ƼҺͶҡ
ּ˾ҡҡƼѾˣ׼ѹԼңʱҸô죬ǰԼңɽۻǼ˾һû̲Լң
üͷ壬»ԵĿⶼ˲𾪣ҵ鱨ϵͳڳϻϣȻҲõҴѹԼҵ飬ȴû»ô
֤»Լ齨鱨ϵͳѾǣǸеһЩвҪ֪鱨ϵͳǿеһ
ڳҲ֪ػҲû飬˼ִѹԼ֮ʣҸΡ
˼˺һһλϿڵԼʵСBʮǵúܿ죬˾һֱǣԴ¸ǵô˵涥ײ˾죬˾ҿ϶Ǵѹ
ڶҸ˾ҵ֣⵹֮УϾһֱߵúܽԴɻ˾櫵ʦ
ƼҲѹԼЩˣҿףƼҪѹԼңҲĿŵ
ӦøйءϳԴº޳֣Ҫɱ죬ԵǰĶȫ˾櫶û֡
ȫ˵ұͺԼͷ˾ȴͬ˾˾Ϊ۰Ů˾ǰ˺˾櫣˾첻ŭ֡
ȴƷɽΨһĶӣԭͶɺ޸ԽƽΪԣ˵ڼ֮кü˻飬ƼЩȴ˶ԼҲͬ⣬йɺĴҲƷɽŭɶһֱΪҪԽƽ̫Ҳᷢ飬ԼҿǷߺ޲ѡ
Դ¸Ҫɱ֣Ҫ֪ƷɽΨһĶӣٶǵ棬˵ǻ֮ˣҲػҴѹԼңֻҪԼҴĴ֮׸ȥʱƷɽ˻飬ǼЩҲͻӦ
һֿܣԼҵĴѹ֮£ܲסͣΪƼ֣ͣԼ
ƼҵЩϻͬôһλɻʵȻ˻鶼ӦµԼңִѹԼңⲻǱ˻أԼҽô
ӦƷɽһ˵˼»ԵƼҵЩ˵ƷɽһŮһȫԼɱˣƼҵӰҲ󣬱ϾƼңƷɽƻһƻҲһӲұƷɽƿء
˵ţ»ԿһڳϣһĨ֮ɫƼһЩͬ뷨
ܵ»ԵĿ⣬λҲɫһһ˭ûж˵ʲô»԰ѻ˵ꡣ
һĨЦ»ԼľѳۣƷɽѾ˾ҺͶҽˣʵʩ˶ԼҵĴѹԼѳɶ֣ʱЩϲͬҲûãϾƼߵ˸ǿ
һ˾붫ңһƼ˳ԼңҪ˾붫ңͷֺá
ԣֻܸŶ˾ҴѹԼңһúݺݵشѹԼңԺԼҵʵԽǵΣҲԽС
и⣬ǹ裬ңⲻǸһôһϽüͷʵ
ǰҲ裬ȴͬЦΪ֮ǰĴѾڳǲܵĹԹ˲Ͼûǡ
δսǹģʳﵽЭķۿʧܣ֪ʧѿʼ˼Ǳ߾ϵı
⻼ѳ˾ȻŹԼңϾԼЩʵǵ̫죬ԼҵҲԽԽȫ˾ҷУҵõϢԼҰоȻ˻ɱ˾ҵĺӵܣѹ˾ҵʵ˵˾֮ǰ²ߣоԼҵԭ򡣡
˻˶̲סһԼҵĴ󵨸ˣ׷ɱĺӵܣⱾǴɣѹ˾һڴҳ֮ʴѹǡ
Ҳ˽ˣ˵˵ڸվĸλϰɣ»Կڳϳʵ
ԼȻǿ󣬵ҵĴѹǱذܡһϳ˼һ£Ǿվһߡ
˵ͷ»ֿϡ
Ҿҵһᡣһ˫һĨյĹâԼұذǱȻʤԼռԴĴ֮֮࣬󣬾㲻Ĵ壬һλÿ϶Ǳס
ȻˣҾ;ܷŹᣬºԼҺǣʵ½֮󣬶ڵõ㹻Դ֮ҲͲǡ


091 侮ʯ
˼һ£»ԻδڣձͷǲܷŹһֱĴ֮ĩҪƼҵĴѹҪֹƣЩһֱıôȥˡ
ãˡ»ԱۼǾԲŹκһұǿĻᡣ
һжһȥǾһȺҰǰ㣬Լҵ׺ݳ̶ȱٶȻ죬
Ƽҡ
Ʒɽסķ֮УŭƷɽ񷢷ҰƷɽȻұǳϻ˾ҺͶҽִѹԼң֪Լǵף´ȥƼһкˣ
ߡƷɽЦһƼҵļ˭ȫûбҪ֪ͨǣǼסϻְֻǹãֵ֮У飬Ҹ𣬲ǲˡ
֮£ϻȨһǳ⡣
ʲô֮£ƷɽЦԼҰй֮°С˾ѾʵֶҴѹǣԼǱذܣѵ㻹ҪվԼһ
㡭һϱƷɽȫȴ޻˵ƼվԼһڶ˾ҵ֮£ҲǱذܣʱƼҽʧأôĵԼҵ
ؿ˼λһۣƷɽЦˣǺúɣͻһͶһ죬ԼҪҾͲˡ
㡭λȫһλϸǵԵҪмϻᣬ㡣
ðҵ㡣ƷɽһЦؿλϣһ޿ֵӣҪ֪֧ƷɽҲкüλϣƼҵĹأҪ֮ĳͬС
Ƽʮλ֮Уλȷ֧ģ֮⣬λ֧ƻҲֳֻϡ
£ûֻҪɵӣ֪ôѡûһ㵣ġ
ˣܵǰ˷ܵҸո˵ԼٷǵһɽܵԼ˶ˣԼҿʧأԼ⵽ĵɽˡ
ûԩ˸ʲô쿴ŰЦ
г𰡣ĳ˾ǵĳˣڳܵȻˡЦ˵ɽ⼸Լҵ̻ᣬصĲҵܵĹʧأҪǱ˾ͺˡ
Űһڴı飬ҡҡԼĳҪԼ֣гɾ͸еģԼľôˣҷʧ
ҲǣԼǰôţһĴ֮ףֽǳɾ;Բʮ˫ȭգһ̾ͺĽԼһ㡣
ԼҿɲôױģǿʤĴ壬Ͽ󣬾һȻҲҪһҧ˵Իý֮óһʺӵݸھͰҰ͵Լҡ
ʲôɻùһɱڵս֣˫һȫѪһ̷
һȻԼҵԽƽսעǧң֣ڳ鴤
ˣȻҪԽƽǸսһؿ졣
ôôЦŰ
ǣǡҡͷֻҾôǹսʵ̫ˣǹֿ¸ͲӦս
Ȼ֪ӦսЦҪҲˡ
Ϊʲôһãؿ졣
ʱİͰһ񣬰Ц˹ȻӢֻҪԼҲӦսϢһԼҵܴ
ؿŰǴʲôãԼҵʵûʵԵĴ
ˡҡҡͷԼҶ˵̫ӴӲƴľǣֻһĥȻƶԼҵʵûʵԵӰ죬ʵȴǷǳĴ
룬ȻǿҲʮ꣬˵һҲΪļҲֻһļ壬ԼҲҽս˱ΪԼʵһСӶˡ
ʹԭηԼʵ˲پǣһĸûЩˣ֮ǰûгֻǼɵǵʵ̫ǿһʵЩ˾Ի侮ʯ
ԣͰ˫һٴʵӦսһвûˣ


092 ս
ӦսǾ͸áЦԽƽķױܽɱɺСĻԼ⣬˲ǿǧҵĶĶôʱԼҲҪʧԽƽҪʧǧңԼɵӣǾԲͬġ
˵òԼҸҴӦҷˡһЦԼҽӵҵսһܷŭɣ
룬վôȤ飬һȥҪԼҽӵҵսı顣
˺ܿţΪϢ֪ͨ˿ȸǵо٣һҪȥ˶ȥ
ԼϴǴ˾Ȼɵʹɲ͵Ϯ䲻͵ϮǴˣǴ˵ˣǸǵ̲ҪԼһսսŽϵ˻ţǴɤ֮£˶ȫؿһЩ˸ǸһϷӡ
ǵԼҴǰʱѸˡ
վסԼһȣֱָ졣
ǴսġսȴɫһԼΪʤĴ֮ףʱ˸սֱơ
Ǽڡŭ죬ǰǳԼҶľս֪Ҳʶ죬Դʱ죬޲ýˡ
ԼѵôһȨƵСӣŲҳˣ¶Ц
Ҽδ˵꣬㴫һȣ֮гɱţһӰս˹
ߡһߣ߶ս飬ʵһȭǵӰȥ
䡭
ȭȭԣһˣһʮͣ£ǵӰȴֻͣ
һʮ꣬еģ׸㣬ɫ˫ؿ죬ɫҲ粻
վһЦؿŶӣҲˣԼҾЩ
㡭ŭȴûٶ֡
ȴٴЦʲô־ͳ֣ΪҾ㣬ȷɱ١
˫˲ͨ죬ҲüȫǱȴǲҳ֡
־ٶõԱߵ˶Ϊ𾪣һǵ
ԼǲˣһȻһСӸסˡ
ǰ֮ǰԳԼҵǱնɱǼԳֶûС
˵ԼҵĲҵܶ඼ܵĹԼ֮ûУҿԼҺܿĴ֮
ʤҪˡ
˵Ⱥ֮мһĨϲɫԼҵһۣȺգ۱ʧ
ĿһתǼȥ֮ˣһĨЦ⣬ٴνĿתԼЦҽҵսǵļǧڣǰǶ޳ܵ͵Ϯң
СŰɣðԼңؽʬΡףһħţǲսᶼᣬûг֡
磬Լǰྶͥõ˸겻ѣ˵ԼˣҪǰ˸Լսͱ˺Ƭˡ
οսĻһʮС
вȻһмؿУʱͲǿһֿɱС
ʵʱ㲻ʲô˲֪ȴղһȻ·磬ʵ찵㡣
Ҫ֪ս֮пǴɲףȻ֮˺ܶ࣬Զû֮ǰ񱩣Ͼɲףһ壬ƻ
ղһս˳ȭͷ壬ʱȫѹɲףҶսɲױƻľΪɲھ֮ʣսҲӰ죬ʵֻܷӳ֮ǰһ롣
ͻ֮ڽԽʵսֶΣһʵбضܡ
Ҳٰ֪㳰ǿţǲ֣Ϊֵ֪Ľʲô֪ǰܣֺαҪȥǸˡ
ڽԸ֣ǸͲܣԼܵĴȫѹһЩҲûԼҵʵԼæҡ
Ϊǵ۶ҪƽΨûܵѹԼǰ㽫ʵȥˣΨų档
ҲΪŻҡڵǰսԼҵڴˣʮҲҹ
ΪǴΪ


093 ɺ
ЦһͻȻԽƽ֮ǰٰңԺ³˷ң²ܾôˣʽԽƽս֮۶䶷ĽǧңղŲ˵ҪʬôǾԽƽɡ
˵ţһ£ȻԼҾԽƽҵĶ֣ҲҸڲսʱԼŴٲһëͷС֮¿¾ͻᴫ۹
㡭üѪԽƽȻǰԼҶ֪ǲõҩǿûʲôսھȻ˵š
ĻᶼûУܲ˵ԽƽţһϲţµһŹľԴ¡
ˣɵСĵ㰡ԽƽȻţԼҵ͵λСøֵҩи߼ֱü꣬һС壬ĿʲôҩãĸȲϣӮٰСӳ޳һǵؿ졣
ҲҪֻһŭصΪĴ֮ףʵǿͿֻ졣
ߵӣΧȫУ׷ֽкãٶȴõԼɫԽ
⿴޳Ȱ˵죬ʾԼҵʵʵȴԼҰ
ʱһ˲ʾͶãɱ
ʱ޳ˣԽƽø߸ߵģЩ֪Խƽʲô˵ƽԼˣֻʲʹƵһ
ױܣҲױͬ顣
һǿƵԼҷսһԼܣƾԴ
죬ܣԽƽȻҲ֮Уʤ˽Ӯøɱ
ȻԽƽǾԲܵġ
ϣھ֮ǰõǵĴ𸴣ҵʱ׵һ˵£˱תȥ
ȥıӰԼȫɱ죬ȴҳ֣Ȼﻹмֻǣʱȫѹڵɲף֣ܳ⿿ЩˣĿĶ֡
Ҫ֪ɸһȺǵľ٣Щȫǹ٣ǿ
һҪʬΡжԹţ漴ĿһתЩֵƽ񣬾ħһ㣬ͺϢ֮ڣһɻɱ
Ҫǳأ϶ֱɱˣǵ۶һҵξģֻңɱһˣҲ˹ܣɱ˵ڵԼңǰԼҲҡ
Ļ˶ʧ룬һ־ľŶӡ
ջصƵ꣬붫ȫ˱ӭһЦصֵܣ㵨ӿƣѵͲԼұô
ԸĴѹĻʱңЦҾңҲ塣
ֵܣǧСԼңǿĴ֮ףʵʤҲ˾ңʸ־жʮˣһɳʣɾ鷳ˡȫüͷ
۶ǲʸҶְɣЦ򶫷ȫȫͷȻǲʳֵģϾʵʵ̫ǿˣһ֣̫㣬۶пܱ١
һĸڵ۶֣۹еĸֽɱҲᱻִܵҲΪʲô۶ס࣬ΪʤȫĵطֻҪе˶ᵽ
ֻҪǲʣҾͲ塣Цȫ˵ЩʹΤ鱨֮е֪ҲȥԼҡ
ҵĵĵ㣬ǵļ塣ȫֶ֪ԼʸԸ㣬Ҳûа취ҵ˿ɲ˶ֶΡ
üͷһ壬ͷ⵹ǣҿǲܡ˵ţһתֵԼɳʸǰңҲδؾҡ
ŵĻȫͻȻ뵽˰⣬ϵĵȻһЦֵаţϹˡ
ﻰǺһЦ˽䣬ЦȻ磬˵˵ɺɣ
洦飬ҲĻδ˵꣬㷢Ŀֱֱؿϵü¶һĨЦҾ֪ƭֵܣ
һ£Գսĵڶ죬Դ±㵽Ǽңֻ֮и뼸λϲμӣҲ֪˵ʲô֮󣬸׺ͼλ϶ܷŭϻ㴫Խƽº顣
Ϣһҵ˸ףɸȴֻε̾Ϣһҵ˳ϣִһΪøΪв
ǵִûóɿڣӻ飬˸ʱһţھöѡ


094 ԭ
һĨͳѵǵĸ׾ؿԼŮӶ޶ԣ
£Ҳûа취εȻΪͷϻгϻᣬʮλϣȫռһߵֻˣƻǱҲˣǱ
ƻһֱΪжͲ޵ԼңλĳҲȫƼҲܱ壬һҪü޵Լңһ㸸׷ԣҲûá
ɺЩǼҲٹףѵһöûУһĨɷƼҵܷŭ
ӣȻãϾŮܹҪ޸ҵġЦӣԼĹףڵĵλԲЩϵ֮ͣеҲòչֻһŮ
Ҽ֮ϵܶ࣬յ̻ӶۺĲƻгϻˣǶϣԼռгʵ֮Ҫ̻Ӷš
Ҫ֪̻ÿռϣӶǼ֮еĴȻûʸ֣С⼸Ŭ£ǼʮǺۺģС˵ڹǰλ֮ࡣ
ЩӶһǱǳãֻҪһЩʱ䣬ԺΪǱȻôһǱ޵ʵ˭С
СЩҲûƹܵӶ̻ʵǱ֮ǰ˼ǾۺСеȨҲܽȴΨһĻᣬֻҪСóޣ͵ýеȨ
⣬һӸ׵ԴʱӦвǼ壬пСü޸ԽƽԼұҴѹƼңƼȻʵԾҵִѹЩĳϲŻͳһҪСü޳ҲҹݵķԣҪȻƼҿ˶Էֱľ档
üͷ壬Ҳʶԣһŵô˵ºɺҪ޸Խƽˣǲɸıʵ
Ƽ˵ǲˣԼһڻ飬ֻԽҵʲô⡣ЦҡҡͷϾҸΪһǲΪСһˣüʵģ
һ£Ȼ޷ԳϻľͻȻ˾ִѹԼǲľСü޸ԽƽǸ쵰
Ҫִ֪ѹԼңȫǸױųϻɵģǰͻȻ֣õóҲǴֲΪˣѾ˺üˣϻҲֻзŭķݣϾ˳ѾԼңҪ˾붫塣
ֻҪԼʵʧأƼҵвʱ˻飬ЩҲپܾϾѾԼҵڽСü޹ȥҲⲻζԹ
ˡͷ˵ͶȫҲ뿪ˡ
ŷŹϣղŻȻɫһӱ˫ȭգʵһжʵҵʵԼңƼЩϰͲýɺ͸ҡ
ð죬ŭƽ̫ʵΨһʵģҲֻ󷨡
ϧ⼸£ȻһֱŬϰ󷨣ȴ޷ͻƳʦﵽмʦҵʶʹﵽмʦҪ󣬿Ϊʲôǲأ
벻ףϵĽܣ󷨷Ϊʦмʦ߼ʦ󷨴ʦʦ
ʦҩʦ谭ʶʶѾﵽˣȴȻ޷ﵽмʦм
ѵΪҵʶûнɻ굤üͷ壬һɻ
굤ʶﵽһ߶֮û꼼ת״˶ɻ굤ֻЩʶȱʵ߳˲굤
굤ʶһˮ죬ûнɻ굤ʶɻ굤ʶȫͬɻ굤֮ʶһɱ䣬ı仯ʶøΪǿ󣬸߹ԣʹû꼼ǿ
ɻ굤֮ʶøΪȶǿƵҩɹʶǿҲʦҩʦﵽ۷ġ
ϧۻ굤Ĺ̫٣˵ǺõԾƷҲûʶĹ
ҲǴ½ϸ߼󷨺ҩʦٵԭ֮һ
ϽܣʶֻҪȱʵ߳ǣ굤ѾﵽҪҲͳۻ굤ûй뿿Լۻ굤һ
Ͻܣ굤Ȼܹ󷨸׿ɶڵͼӰ첻ֻдﵽ߼ʦϲŻӰ졣


095 Ӧս
Ӧòǻ굤⡣ҡҡͷȻÿοм󶼻ʧܣʶĲȶ֮⣬ҶԷĵϤʦѧϰ͵꣬ʼ֮ҪϤ
ǰҲͼ£ûнзյˮ
뵽ڣ콫ȫóóһڵʼϰϾҪԼԷĸϤ˲ϵĿ֮⣬ûиõİ취
ʱ仺Ҳ֪˶ã콥һҾףп̵Ϸ裬һСǿһۣϲá
ЩƳķľһ㣬ڵζûᣬȫڿ̵ϡ
Ƭ̣һöڵƳɹΪһöͼ콫ԣһڵп̵ٴηתôȻôˮû˿ͣ١
֪ƣһ㣬һöһöĿƣһֱԶһСѿƺõٲڰöûͣµ˼
˼ǣؼԴΧۼγһȦȦԴ֮У챾ȴûз֡
³ǣԼҸƣԴŤף˫ͨ죬һħ㿴һϳڵ۶Ƚս
ߣλϣһɫȫгˮ˫۷졣
ģԼҺʱȻһС۸ͷˡһԴµҽɳ֣СԼļ峹Ժ󻹲˭Լͷʺ
ԣСٲһҪ˶֪ԼһǰǸԼңԼңؽѪĴۡ
ȥɣұ֤Сļһܲ
ڳŭţһͷͷŭҰһ㣬Ϊ׵ԴԺҵȴֻһ仰˵
ð죬ԺҵſԴ£Ҿó˵òС̫ţøһѵЩԼҵ֪ǵĺ
ȻɱӺΪӱҲЩǼ
Ҫ֪ĴִѹԼǰԼһ۵Ҳû٣Լʧ١
ҾҪءһ곤վɫ˵һ£г϶иϵŭ
أС۵ͷˣҪôأ
ҿ˰ɣ
һۣ곤ЦԼΪ˱ص֮һʵ˳ȥҲֻʣǼʣԼפ³֮ʱ뿪һˣ³ǵʵ͸ˣʱ˽ǣأ
ԣȫɫһ䣬һһϲŽüͷҲôɣ
ԼΪĴ֮ף⵽Ĵִ˺ü죬ʧأҲɳ룬³ΪǵϳʵȻСBĴ˾ҽǣûǸ
Ĵ֮ǣϾභֻܱ˱ˣ˾Ϊ壬Ҳ潫ԼϾʤҪ㹻ʵܱߵ⣬һԼұʤʵҲʹ
˾ƿʤ⼸μִѹһ鷢ΣÿһҲֻöԷʧһЩʵ
Ҳһ֮Ի֣˾ǿԼʵ̫ǿҪвǣԴ֮ǰʱûйڳ˾櫣㽫ɱ
ƼңһΪԼŮ޸ԽƽǸΪԴ²ɱԴŭ
ڶȫұǳˣȻٲˡ
ԣļ֮ŶٵĶԹǲһҵģһԼʤʵҲҿ⣬ʱֻе
ҲΪʲôȻ⼸ԼʧأҲûЩǵƴû˾ҵƴΪǶ֪죬Ǳ֡
ʱ곤ȴ
Ȼ鶼֣˭˵ǲأ곤ϳǱСķǣһ⣬ȴŵı塣
һɫǴ䡣
˵òǲòղȷʵҿǲܡԺҵڼĸ־뿪³ǣϷ³ǡ
һ£ԺҵҪôӦСսʱսʱܶ˶ڸڵſԼҵЦ
ýƽӦսԴµͳ


096 ״̬굤
ȻҲ֪ԽƽǸʲôɫӦսԼҵսѾ£ǾܾǲЦ
ǲСҪŬԴĻΪѣԴһ뵽ǲĶӣеŭڶ
ԣ˵ð죬Դ²ŵ˵СȥˣڼңʱһὫڼ׼Ű벽
Ҳֻˡڳϵ˵ͷ
Ŀ⿴ǰԴ֪ô˰ɣ
֪ӦʱԷŭڳϣȻЩϵķŭ󲢲Ҳž޴ѹͱ亹͸
ǾȥɡԴһ֣ٴ⣬˳ӡ
һߣԴ¿һڳϣٴ²ܾôˣȻǲܳʣǿԵģǰңֻСй˼ɣȻǾȴҿʼ
ȥšϵͷһĨɱԭ飬û뵽Դ¾Ȼһ⡣
ʤ۶ǾסľƵУʱȫԼǵһɾȫۼķ⣬һ϶˽
ˣѾûгˣǲǳʲô£򿴶ȫĵصҪǽȥ
𼱡ٸϽǽȥ»Σա
Ǹô죿ⶼ˰תԱߵҲûа취ֻһվ
ǽյĴһۣ򶫷ȫĵص֣˵᲻Ϊɺֵܵ˴
ᣬֵûôֻΪĶȫҡҡͷ컹Щ˽ġԸҲԼƴ
ϣȫһת˵Ҷ𼱣ܿҾͱվˣȥɡ
ԣ΢΢һ뿪
תȥ
Уû˿ĸı䣬һǰһп̵裬һööбƳ
ףһĨɻŤͷȥͻȻԼ֮ǰóİöڵȫˡ
֮ǰЩڵóΪ˷Ѱʺϵ󷨣Ҫ֪ڵԵģһЩҲԣֻҵʵԣܿƳӦ󷨡
ɽôƬ̣óڵôͲˣ߿û˳ֹѲڵ·
ɻĿһۣһ߷ÿƺõʱ˶סˡ
ΪЩʧڵʱѱһĴ
ô£ôȫˣһ֮в鿴һ飬ĪȻһ󷨣ʮ󷨵һм󷨵һöûʧܣ⵽ô£
һ֮ǰ֪ʱ䲢Ƭ̣ȥ죬ֻ״̬ûз֡
ѵ֮ǰ״̬ȫϼصĿ״̬Ĵ˫ۣһ𾪡
״ָ̬гֵһ״̬״̬ܽģԵɺ֮²УЩһӶһΡ
ڿ״̬֮£ǿʵǳƿ߿ġ
뵽״̬ϢϽӣû˿ĸı䣬ʵЩʧ
ܿ㷢֣ԼͻȻһŽɫۼһЩһӣʵ
ϸһĨϲѵǻ굤
ϵļأҡҡͷûȫϼصĻ굤ʵӦû㲻ϻ굤ֻǻ굤ǰڡҲǾϲѣΪ˴ʱζۻ굤ֻǳ顣
Ӧûл꼼ԭҪȻһһ۳ɻ굤Щź̾ϢһҲ֪꼼һеģƼҲδõó
ϵϲɫûɢһ֮㴫ĶУ쵱ߵű߽Ŵ򿪡
⣬һضŶȫˣǴѾûгˣǻǽȥɣ˳ʲô£ʲôˡ
ȫûӦҲûзԣʱҲڵʲô£Ҫ֪ڿѾȥˡ
ǾͽȥɣҽȥУֵȫȥ»ŵʱΣգǾ鷳ȫδ˵꣬ű֨һ򿪣űϤ𣺡˼ôҵˡ


097 Ҳѧ
ֵܡ
ˡ
һӱΧ˹ȫ죬֪ʲôЦڿʱ˿״̬緢ȫ֪
״̬
ǳ΢ǲ֪״̬ʲô˼ֻһãؿ죬ɶȫȴֱ̿ˮһĽؿ졣
ˣʲôǿ״̬̲סʵȻ֪״̬ʲô붫ȫ𾪵ı飬ҲµԲǻ¡
վˣ˵˽ûڣȫ״̬нһ״̬״̬֮У߻ὫһȫĵҲΪûзģ״̬£ǵʵͻͽ
սʱ״ֶ̬߽ܶǰŪ׵Ķ͸
˵ţµصҺ֮ǰûг嶯Ҫǽֵܣǿɾͳˡ
ô˵ڵʵˣһ˵İ˫۾ķŵؿ죬Ҳȫڴؿ졣
ʵûнҡҡͷʧ֮ʣֵһϣҵǴһǰܶ಻׵ĶҲˡ
ȷʵ˺ܶ࣬ǰڿм󷨵ķ֮ʱʧܣԭΪԼԷĵĲϤֱʱףⲻǶԷĵĲϤжعĲ˽⡣
ǰҲȫϿ߼ع֯ɣ֮ǿ󣬾ΪЩع
֮ǰ컹ʲô˼ЩһЩ򵥵ĵͼɣԼع˽⣬Ҳɹ
мķȻǺܸ߼ȴѾں˳ع֮ǰعʲôÿÿƵ󶼻ʧܡ
ھ״̬֮ع˳ʶȻҪʲôع򣬿ѻشΪǾһһ޷ݵֻᣬ̸Ķ
ѵֵмʦˣȫ˫һҲ۾һ𾪵ؿ졣
ѾѲˡǺЦȻûֱӳԼﵽмʦȫֲɵӣѲסǲмʦʲô
˵ţ쿴ǶѿƺõѡһЩȻ˵ߵǿռŲұߵǱȻ弶ڵƵģΣ֮ʱ˵ԱһԼðɣ
ֵܣ̫ˡȫһЦҲûԿռŲ֮öЦöұˣⱬѷʱòϣøֵǰɣ
ҲҪöռŲҲûпöռŲ㲻ñѷ
Щ˵弫ڵƵıѷǲûжãΪֻܶв˵㲻ʲôв
в˵ǰϵôһöѷĻζƲ
лˡٵҲ˵ռŲһһл߹ȥһöռŲԼѷ
˶õռŲʣöѷȴʣ¶ʮö쿴򶫷ȫϰɣھ֮ΣأܻõģȻЩѷֻܶԸɶЩͨʿǺɱġ
ԺϹֵĽʰǣЩռŲҲȥ͸ѡ
͹ˡȫǺһЦҲٻظˣùȥɡ
ô£ؿŶȫ
ͷҵ۹ѧԺѧȫһЦѧԺŮǿ͵Ȳˡ
ȥѧɫŹֵص˵֣һЩСһУ˼ô
һ죬ȫŭ˭Ҿʹ壬һûʮòã
ûʮꣿЩСǰװһҲˣǶ֪֪ףƭʲôãԲŶȫҪ֪ȫĸطʮĴ塣
㡭ȫͨ죬Ŵ۾ӾҪһ㡣
˵ûҴ꣬ҲͶʮֻ꣬ǴСӪʮɱһʮԵøΪ죬ɫΪ֣ɫ΢ڣԿʮꡣϽ͵
ģɻؿŶȫʱԱߵĹվЦ˵òһǣʱһӣ˻û׸ߣȴսʿտʼҲ֪ݣһСӳܣûǴǸСӳǵڶͳӳ


098 Խƽ
飿һϲؿŶȫڶͳӳʶȨһǸͷܴ󣬿սʵ߳ǵ߶ܣȷʵһ˲
ֻû뵽Ȼȫǽܡ
ôսܵ˺ѵûȫһûΪǰ¶ΣһϰΪ
ҲٺһЦȻʵֻжʮ꣬òЩѧҲý壬ҿʱô˼ȥЩŮ
ͲˣڵŮϲˣֻг˲֪ǣЩСƨԼչ˲ˣιǡȫһŵЦǸıǮ
Ǯƨ췭˷ۣһתʵԪ˧ô뵽ȥѧˣڸǲǺúõôʵҲͲȥ۹ѧԺɣ
شɡЦȻֵʵȫ۹ѧԺѧǱϾϵͳѧϰںܶطǷȱģҲоʲôǵʣЩֳʱǵѧϰ
ң۹ѧԺۼʤ츳ӵܣѧϰ֮⣬ύЩҲǹؼ֮һѧʱᵥö࣬ʱύѣԱԺύΪɿ
⣬Ҳǽģѧϵ֮⣬ѧʶҲһ⣬ִСͽǣûнѧԺһ죬ԺΪԪ˧Ϊ˹Ľڡ
ΪҪһ㣬ѧԺṩǾԶҲȲ˵ģʮʱڣԶֵ츳ѧԺУԱھҪöࡣ
ԭˡͷ˵òЩǾͷ˰ɡ
ǾͲˡҡҡͷɻ֮ʣҲҪ۹ѧԺѧϰ
ҲҪѧϰüͷһ壬ٵ˵ȫҪѧϰɣ
ǲᡣЦҡҡͷֻжֵˡ
ô£ɻʵôǿҪѧԺѧϰȴأ
Ϊ㹻ľ٣֤ӵսķÿ궼۹ѧԺѧϰٽ͵Ƕֵܣ⻹㣬ЩѾѧϰˣһЩֻܵԺˡ
ңüͷһ壬ô֪
۹ѧԺ˵Ҳ֪һЩϢʤ߼ѧԺѧףͨƽ񣬹ǷþͲһ˿Գܵġ
֮⣬츳źܸߵҪԣƽ٣ܶ඼Щƽ
ڹ壬ѧҪ͵ö࣬츳ҪҪ͵öࡣ
ԭ֮ǰҲ۹ѧԺѧϰģܾˣΪ̫ܣѧԺ˶ӣйأȴû뵽ʱԴɾȻһ
ߵôæü֪ͨ㡣ȫЦͷ֪֮ʱһڵ۶Ծ㡣
һ£ǵҿһ˵ɡ
ȻҪǣȫĴ۾ŵصֵܶ붼벻ȻԸ⣿
ֲ뵱Ԫ˧ѧԺνǺһЦҲŹٵȻǶٻȥЩǾȥɣϣܹǴһ
лˡٵæл
ǽߣǽЩռŲʱ붫ȫ˶ʶһڿˮҪ֪ÿһռŲǿɾʹż
Щ壬Щǿġ
Ҳûж˵ʲôϾЩ֮ǰѾ˵˲Ҫ˲̫̰̰˷գţĹϵҪֻҪڣһǿƵġ
궫ͻȻ뵽Խƽľգ򶫷ȫʵ֣Լôظҵս
ˡһЦԽƽһԼôܴӦֱǿ
ܵи˵ɣЦܲ˵ҵľɣ
˵Խƽȥˣڲ֪޷֪ͨȫЦԼһ˵Խƽ֮󣬾֮顣
ȥˣ¶һĨЦȻ֪ԼҵĽڣһ뵽ºɺҪ޸ŭգ򶫷ȫʵ֪Խƽ


099 һ
üͷһ壬ȫһֵۣܣ㲻ҪȥԽƽɱ˰ɣ
뷨һĨɱ⣬ֻҪɱˣû˸ұɺ¡
ֵܣǧҪ嶯ɺ׻£ʱ仹еǰ취ԽƽԼң̶ֱѨսǣ㱻Ǹɱˡ
ģЦЦȴɭȻɱ⡣
ûԷˣ͡һЦȥ
ǳſڣɫĮ߻ڳһۣһеȣһ̵һĨмЦǸô壬Ҳûʲô˲ġ
һȺ֪ߵزļһѣе΢ʵͺ޵СһСһֻӰҲЦȴ֪ǲһȺСѡ
߰ɣңǺȥ̲ͷصСطһҲ
Ƭ̱ҴſڣһˣǾͶƱ㿴ݲһ㣬ҪǰѶʵк£ǻûֻ߱Ӱһ
һ̣ǱòһǰľѾ׷ɣʶԣʾɸ漴ǵʶҲɢˡ
˾ʲô¶ûзһ㣬ȥ߾ɱ֮ǰ֮С
˭һˣΪ׵Сӳһȣɳ嵽ǰߵ߶ûǻڵѪǳ˹ȥ
Ȼˣ˸ûκεķӦ㱻׻ɱֻ˫ʵ̫ЩӲʿʦȴ
ӣҵҰһȻ𣬽ţһǿϢԸＲɡ
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105 Լҵͷ
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ԭԼҴѹ֮ۿԼѾʧأ˾ҡƼҡַҪԴ¶үСһµǸǻѹԼңֱԼΪֹ
ʵҲǹִѹԼңֻʧһЩʵĽÿһν֮Ǳѹļ巢Ǹʲôģ
ֻԴȴٳûеǸϾһ֮һĴ֮Լҵļݺεȸ߹ƽʱֻбͷģ˵ͷһ˵
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ԴĿɨ˳һۣð죬ųȻôҪǾɣ
ԣλһĳϵ¾ɣһҷ
ȻˣǾɢ˰ɣԴµͺһȥȻߵſڣһִ±˹ոյõϢԺɽʧˣȫҡ
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106 ͻ
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107 ԴϮ
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˵֮ʣʵʵ΢΢ͷų
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108 Դ
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109 ٿĪ
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Զԣλүǳţô˵֪
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110 һ
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СӣǹؿͷԺ۹ѧԺѧƵߣȻ׼ǵŭɡ
Ҫ˺죬ԺҲ˵󻰡
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112 
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113 
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ͬʱ˾üͷһ壬ɻؿ죬ʸ֣ڸղеɱڵһʱ㷢ˡ
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114 Ǹ
ҹɱҲ̫ˣһھһǧʯôȥĳһŭصһҲŵõٿʯһǧ飬һ㲻ãҲúüꡣ
ʯǲܵģ˵òһǧ飬óҲøǡһصüĽܳʱԶ壬ѧԺӵܾͺúõĴѧԺȫû±ȥ
ԣλȫɫһ䣬ĳϸɻصϣǲôʦڰɣڰٷϴˣȫʧɾʹˡ
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115 ɱ
ڶ죬ھƵ˰죬׼ȥתת֪߳ԶҴ
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116 Ԯ
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Ҳֻаƴס塣ԱһɢǿϢƤ𪣬뿡ŶȫٺһЦ
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117 һ٣һ
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˫һƵĵŶԷսһ
ķ֮ϣͷ·е˫վһݣӰ׵üԱ˵ѵǾ￴ţҪɲ밡
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ǿʶСӹȻ򵥡мϾ𾪡
ô죿ұߵͷһЦصԭֻĿô£ȴˡ
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ͷľٶ˵п˾ǵ۹ѧԺġ
ʲô˼Ϊʲô̷ֹǣѵ뿴ȺѧƴüͷһһĨЦȻˣҾԸֻǵʱ޾ǡ
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ﻰҸǵˣǾһֵܣؿƹһЦģиڣЩ쵰
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118 һ٣
ģҲʹðȭġЦЦϴͻΪмʦ֮ҿ˼мþ
ԣȫɫһףжʱ뵽ִʱʹǽǳ󷨾ǰм󷨻жǿЩѧܹܵסôǣ
ƺ֪ȫģЦģʲô󷨣һ󡣡
ôȫһתŰƵϰףֵǶ˿ɣҪȺ֪֪֮˶ֵܸûһá
ôƻЩģȻ֮ǰҲٹ飬ɱϾۼʶʵԶЩŻǱмĻɡ
ϰףİɣ˿ǴǧɱӮ˹һǧҲվŰЦ
ղźʲôһɻؿŹ٣빫ٺʶ֮ǰǴӳֻǰɵ۹ѧԺ죬Ϊ֮ǰڵжӳʱѾѧϰԱ˸ǡ
ףǵľȻƽʱֵܣǽԸˣǹﶼǳĸ߰ǳ˶ԼĳΪ⣬˸ܡ
ɴʱپȻΪˣһеӦĸԸܲˡ
ȻǴˡٹһЦǲǺ𾪣˲ξȹҵʵҲȫķڷһˣҲĸԸ
𾪵ؿŹ٣˵٣ƺðһڿˮѵûظǣѾҲʶˣҲҪȥˣҵҪúʣдôô
ţһ֣ͺֵ˵ˣԼ
໥Ŀһۣǽһ
˺󣬳̷Ҳ˿ľȻ࣬ʱҲֻʮˣܱɵģȫʬɽѪ֮ĺݽɫ
ǳִ֪أǰͻʱԷٶΧʮˣղˣһܵòҲ̶ãߺоʮˣ˸ǸˣǵֻЩˣûһˣһмûС
Ǽʤ󶫷Դɺͱ¶棬ԭ˶ΪǵľٻܵطϾ۹ѧԺѧʤδһʧ֮࣬Ե۹˵һʧ
յĽȻǱͻ˸ǣʲô¶ûУԶԴɵĻ˵ǶǱ۹ӢۣҪҲӦսϣӦñԼɱ
ԭԴɵĻΪЩٻȥ֮ᱻϽӪʱҲ·һ֮ŴϢЩ˻صǸûܵһȫ˹١
³󣬵۹ѧԺ˶ˣЩ޵ľǲģǸǵģǵҲһǶ쵽ɱʸ֤ˣͻ˰ظǼǵľ١
ԣղſǵĵ̷˻ᱻˣǰǵʵǿ⣬аǺĳ֣ɱѧԺͬѧѧԺԥؽǴ
־ƽȽСˣû뵽ǾȻôˣؿˣһĨɱ
ܵеɱ˶ɫһ䣬ʶĺһ
Ҫʲô̷һǰ죬ҵ۹ѧԺڻ۸ҵ۹ѧԺѧǵɲˣ
һ۳̷磬ȷĸ㣬Ҵû۹ѧԺŲţǾ£
ȻƱ磬ھƵ˵ġһʮ߰վŭ졣
ԣҲˣȻҽƱ磬̫Ҫˡһʮѧվŭ죬Ƕ쵽Ƶ£󱻹ܵѧ
㻹ҪôƱ磿̷һЦؿ죬оǱġ
Ȼ϶Ҳ޻˵Цؿų̷磬˵ɣǴôң
̷Ϊѡ񣬵һ۹ѧԺǸ־ƽȽǸԺ󲻵ÿ۹ѧԺڶǺúõѵһ٣֪ҵ۹ѧԺ
ҸطɣҺúһµ۹ѧԺǵʵ˵˻һõó̷綼סˣð춼ûзӦ
ôţѵǴ϶֣üͷһЦֿޣôˣѷӳϵƣʱɱ˵۸ǡ
㡭̷ǻعȫڲúúãȻǾͱԶ٣۶㳡󣬲ľ
˵̷꣬һ֣һȺŭѧתȥ


119 սв
ų̷ŭɶģ־ƽȽ˶һۣ¶һĨЦݡ
ҾͲżɱǻ쵰ȽһԹţһĸҹ㣬ų̷ȥ
Ҳû˿ĳɣ̷һߣȥ
Զ֮ϣͷüͷ壬ߵĴϿ˵С̫ˣȻսˣȫ滹вһҪصӵܣֱ
ԺԴ϶֮ǰ⴫ϢչСӣ£Ҫڳʲô⣬ô϶ұߵĶϳ
СӦûôҲ뿴ʲôֶθа壬һʮ㡣мԺһЦص˵ǰʱѾͻƵмʦҪԸЩֻһЩѧҲԶԸģ϶󷨡
󷨣ϺͶɫͬʱһ䣬ϸǼɴصǳ̷ǲΣˣ
ģӦò̫ΣաԺЦСӲͻƵмʦܹõӦò࣬ϣʲô⣬Ҳüȡ
˾ͺáһ
۶㳡һ޴Բι㳡ԭĿõ۶ƽиĵطɽ֮ﷴһԹľ
Ϊ۶ǲ򶷵ģ˭ֻҪ˶ܵطһƲ磬䲻Աε趼ֹˡ
Ȼ۹һǶɹ˽ԹŶӣŭʱ˭ȵˣȵǾòƴˡ
ʵûа취۹ҲĬ˵۶㳡Թﹻҽ٣ֻҪʸ֣Ҳ첻ʲôʧ
̷һȺѧŭЩԭߵ˵ʶжԹһûһ㺦£´Χ˹ȥ
Щеû֮ˣѿһҲһܡ
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ϻࡣһɣ
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һ˲ǰ
ֻһתһУһӳϵһ̷֮£̷Ҳһ
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úáΧˣһĨЦӰһƮ׶̷һһתһС
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ܵдİ̷ɫһ䣬ϽԱ߶
ݡһ£ڵϣֵǣȻһӴʧͺûгֹһ㡣
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ܡʳһѧһŭƾҲҪҵһΪһ⣬һ
䡭һԼӵԶһûκ죬һ㣬ֱӵɳȥһ·ײѧŵء
ҹ
ûˣһӣһĽãʰԲǰɨȥϢõóѧʧɫϽһ߻ӽֵһԱ߶ȥһЩģֱӱǵãɳȥ
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120 ħӰ
Ȼ̷硢Գꡢȸֶƨ֮׷ᣬϧǴ̫࣬ȫ󣬷Ӱǵٶȣ⵹ճʱ䲼
Ǻò״Ⱥ֮гʱҲɣٴԶȥǰæһ
⣬˿Ⱥ֮дȥ̷ǲûиΣգһ㣬ĴҴܣȫ¶ı顣
ֵڸʲôʲôƶ󷨲˽⣬һɻؿ򶫷ȫ˶Χסƾֵܹȷʵ
ֵڲ󷨣úãǳ̷˾͸õùˡȫЦгֻûʶֵˣԶ񲻵Ŀ֮
ĺôɻصǿٶ
˵ûһơӢֻܵҪ㹻֧֣ǰУҲһûʲô𡣡
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СӲʦǿˣǱǲ´󣬲ǣǽķǶ´ԺҲļִѹˡһڴ˵˵ûʲôԼפصĳǳعҪ
⵹Ǹ뷨ϧֵڲŸոմﵽмʦҪﵽ󷨴ʦûʮºѴﵽ󷨴ʦȫҡҡͷȻûнӴʦ춼ûٿڶʦʦϻ˽ⲻ٣ǿɱߵѶˡ
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Ҫ峤ھͺˣһܿʲô󷨣ϧһֱڱչء
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˫磬ӰƬ̱ϰٵӡ
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Ƭ֮һһɫȻԱߵȥͺɱ֮һ㣬ͬʱﻹϵϹȥҪ࣬۸ҽ㣬ȥȥɣ


121 ħ
ԱһãеѧûзӦ㱻һ룬ûоʹ˰֣˵һ㣬ѳΪʬ岻ȥ
һķֻһʼӽӣһҲʲôĶУԼѾǴ½ǿߣԼʤ۹ĻʵۣҲϿ챧˹飬ҲлӽɱԼĳˡ
һ֮󣬶ҲֵסеħԼΪһչɣ̷ǼҲֲסˡ
ףĸףҵˣҵˡ̷סԱһصԺҲֿˣʦ˵ˣҵ츳ԺΪʲ⣬һúùǣ֮֡
Ҳ֪ǳ̷ãôģŵʱĻþȻǵõŮˣ̷ûûŮˣڻУǸǵģڳ̷Уĸף¶ԷҲûз
ѵˣͷ˻顣
ų̷磬üͷ΢壬֮ǰ̷һ˵ӣûжٺøУʱħȻѰҸĸһžۣ뵽ԼԳ̷ĺøҲȻ
˼ĸ֮ˣٻҲȥҡҡͷԳ꣬ʱԳԱߵȥشЦš
Ӱȥɣô꣬һֱѹͷϣҵţһʹ䵽ҵ˰ɣֻҪɱˣұԼδļ
ҰĲСȻɱ¶һĨЦӰԴµĴӣԼһеĵһˣͱ϶ΪԼ´Ĳѡ˻ȥ֪ԼһζԴԳأ
Ŀһתֿ壬˲ǣʱȻԳһҲǻɱԱߵˣͬʱﻹں֣»ԵĶӡ
ȻʲôļʲôˡһĨЦӰһ˹ȥ
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ӰһΪ⣬֮гȥգ۱֮С
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áʵĶȸеӰһϽȥһֱлһ궯һŻָƽ
ڶϳ֮󣬽ŴҲܲסǱĴ˳žԺȻûôǱɫ쳣ѿ
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ʱȫԼħ֮Уĵͷֲˣûκεĵֵ֮̽С


122 
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һŤͷ콫ĿͶ־ƽȽˣû뵽ǣ־ƽȻҪɱ־ɱ⣬־ȴ׸簡˵ƽʱ־ǳĺá
ôҲ뵱ϾǳȽ񲻳⣬ȻŽҪǧС
Ļһ飬ϣһܵ־ƽȭ丹һȭȥ
䡭һ־ƽĸ𣬽ţ־ƽĵͻȻһɾһ̣һ鿪ս־ƽҲɳȥһֱɵ֮⣬źȻء
һֳ̣嵽ȽǰȭӰ磬һƳ䵤֮С
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ȥĴ඼ҵĵӣӵܵҲֻȥˡ
Сӣ̫޷ˡһͷɳѧԺֿЦá
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˵ţԱһŭ羪װը죺죬ȻӣӸƴˡ
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̷ӵҰһ쳤ֵǣСǣƴ
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ǵϤ̷ȫһŷԺ˲֪ʱѵ˹㳡ϣʱϣҲʦһŭŭ


123 Сϵ
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Сһҵ־ƽ˲ҰŤħצ˹Ǹƴˡ
ÿԴ޵ڵһ㣬һˣǾҲˡ
ʵΪĴ½ϣûʵٸ߹ߣҲõǸ߹ͷ­һ仰ûʵֻܶˡ
֮ǰǸ߸ϵżʵ绽꣬ɾôһ˲䣬Ϊˣ־ƽܽܵˡ
ȥģҲڴǰһǰһžͽ˸߷ɳȥ
СǲôŹġȽſڵϣǴѪԹ˻ţ־ƽһԺǰԺλϣСѧԺֻͬѧɱʮͬѧǿҪΪǱ𰡣
һ߳־ƽ߳ףȻ˼״ѵΪ϶ѾϺͿˣ
Ϊ˽ԹԷѧԺȫУѧĳޣԴԷʹѧԺʧʮѧҪǿܵͷھһǡ
̷Ƣ̶ܴ꣬ϾܶϵӰ죬ʱǿѪĹ㳡ŭ죬־ƽױŭѣ־ƽȻ
Ҫǿѱ˵˵һžͽҪ֪־ƽѧԺ֮ɲá
־ƽżʵѧԺѹͬѧŲŮѧ⵽ɧţҪƼӵܣͽɨسˡ
ϣԩԩ־ƽֵĴУɫѱһƬҰס
ԩԩһƻһԺӽ˱ѧԺԶ̤ѧԺһ
־ƽһҽУܲ˴ֱ˹ȥȽҲþһֻ̲࣬ʣԹĿ⡣
ŶϺԺĻԱЩմӵ鷳ѧ࣬һͣ˽ŲŭĿ⿴־ƽá
ģԭƭǡ
ɱǡ
˺ǡ
ѧŭЩκѧֻúõѧԺѧϰԺһǰ;
ϾǶֻһЩͨƽӵܣܽѧԺѧϰǷǳˣǶǵѧԺĸҲǺġ
ԣ־ƽõȶ֮£ǺԥļַĶ֮У˭뵽һвһƭֶѡ
Ҫʲô˶ը죺Լֱ֪ãֻ˵̫֪ҹѧԺȴѧԺĴ
ԺλѧԺ֮žԵȨûĸѧҷһ䣬һͷһԲ˵ѧԺȥ
ԼҺҵӵȴûоʹ˻ѧԺǿߵĴ£ԺˣһԹΧȥ
ģղֵһȻʶôӵܵľٶһȣһȺ˱ҪȥֵǣҳǿǻΪǸǵ˺ء
Уɻ϶ԺһȣһݣҲҶҵӵҲȫһʵֻͣһԹؿ졣
ҷѧԺȫԺҵӵܱȵʱ˭֪Ժŭˡ
ԺͷԼӵܣΥƽɣһɭɭͻȻ漴һ뷢ףȺ֮
Լϣ־ƽѧԺ֮˷ˣܾۼٶѧоԼڱ֣־ƽ
ȻԼҴΣص֮ʣǿһ̶ûзɣǱĽɱ
ǵĵʱɱ죬óȴעⳡսĳ֮⣬۹ѧԺϼһҲš
õҳ֡


124 ޲
֮ʱȥԳģԺ˶ֵס󷨣ֻǱ˳Ҳٳȥ
Ҫ֪ʵûǰͷǿһȥУɣֱӾҪɱ
ֻؿ콫Գڼ֮ǰӵܻɱ
Сɱôӵܣ㲻׷ΣȻ׷ǼӵܵΣǺεһĿ࣬δҲȺ֮ؿԺʵ
룬ϣԼһԭҲģϧȴѧԺͷﶢţû
Σ֮ʱҲȣϧڿԺ˶󷨱˳Ҳٳȥˣֻܿ屻ɱ
̲סˣЦһΪһֱŲҳأ
㡭ɫһһĨɷһȴҳ֡
ƣֻΪӵָƽȻǼȲϵ۹ѧԺҲ۸ġؿ˵Լ˰˸ܳӵܣǿõؽǵ۹ѧԺ˱ɱˣǲ׷֣ҪӵܣǺΪ
ǵ۹ѧԺһҲ˵
ŭЦûҪǾȻȸ״Ҫ𽻴ˣѵҵ۹ѧԺ⼸ʮ̫ƣǶǺˣ
ȸ״авãϵıȴ䣬ŶʵԪ꣬ý˵۹ѧԺҼӵΪ۹ѧԺѧά۹ѧԺϣкδ
ȻƱ磿ԪһȣƼùҥݺȶѧԺѧΪ˽ԹҸ˵ûƲ
ƼȻƼңǱϾƼүС㣬ʵҲΪޣǵӰٶ˸壿
ȻǼӵܣǱϾΪά۹ѧԺϣкδдҲƼõĴƾʲôͷҵӵܡ
ȻԼҶС˿νǺ֮ǣʱԵ۹ѧԺͷҲֻҧʱеĺ˫ֵֵ۹ѧԺˡ
Զҵλϳ֣϶˿ɬҪ֪һ֣ϵѹϣϾһǧʯһ㡣
ģȺ쵰̫ɶˣŻþһһ죬Ҫǣȫڽ¡˫ۣ˫ȭա
ʱǰҲŭ޲ý˳ԵѹȶԷǿǳ൐谡
һĨŭ⣬ŤͷȺ֮һӿһۣƷɽһ֣δֹĴڣƼҵĳǶ֪һֱб
ܵĿ⣬ҡҡͷʾҪż
üͷһ壬ʱӵ˼ϾûֱӲ뵽Уܺ߻Ƽҵӵܣվȥ˵ʱ¾޷彻ˡ
Щ֮У˶һأԼڲô֮ʱ͵һ¶⡣
˭Υ˴˹أ¶ݲƷɽǼʱҲܵѹ
룬Գ꣬Ҳ̫ˣȻʵ۸ҸǵˡһװѹڶȫϵѹȻʧһ̣ԳͬʱһƺߣȻһ
ţһֲϢһʯһ㣬ڹ㳡֮ϣõ㳡Ϊ֮һ
ݴ߱ӣü۾ڱϣŽ˸ף߳壬վһսȫɱ֮
޲дˡӣǵ϶̲ס˷֮ɫȻó죬Ȼ޲Ǽʵʵɱ֮жϳϵ˾Թ򣬶ҴӰƵ˷ܵıԿܿܳӣȴһ֪
ƺ֪첻˽޲У͵޲дǸǵͳ죬ʱǸǳԪ˧֮֮ˣΪ֮µһ֣˵Ծʵնɱֵ۹ʣҳΪս
ʮǰﵽʶΪ۹ȴû佫һ˶ʧΪ֮ս۹ʸ֣ÿһսսǿһǵĸ֣һս֮⣬δܹҲ˺䶯۹


125 
ʮ¶棬˵չˣ˵۶˶սˣѾ뿪˵۹ȥں֪֪ˣ˲Ͷء
ȴû뵽ȻˣһǵģЩ޲д˽СϢԪ˧أ
ԭǸǳˡͷΪʵǿԸܲ޲еʵֻܾñȶԴɸǿȴ֪Դɵʵ޷޲ȡ
Դɲʣ޲ϵϢѾʵǰ۷壬ߵĲ̫ҲѹܽϢɢ
վһһ޲У붼üͷ壬ðǣų޲Уû£㻹ǲҪ˻ˮΪá
˭˵ҵ£޲һҳǣ۸Ҹǵˣ˵ûҵ£ѵΪǸǾûô
⡭ŭϧǿƵ޲Уû˿İ취
ʤ۹Ȼ˵Ĵ壬ʵڲǵʵǰԼҶСBοǱѹ֮Լҡ
޲֣þòȺ֮ٴδһϵҴҲƵһ΢Ц˹
Ԫ磬ôû㣬㻹û޲жŶԪЦԣû䣬Ǳ˴ʵɱǰǿˣþٴһ
ϹͷܾڣҰɡԪҡͷ˵޲еɴ٣Ǳһ
޲иռ֮ʱǴӳ޲л޲츳ߣܵصʵϱǣڱҲ˶١
˱ֵˡ
Ԫǫˡ޲йЦ
ԪЦҡҡͷߵԺǰЦû뵽ȻּˣûǴʮû뿪ѧԺ˰ɣ
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Ǵ۹ѧԺлϵ֧֡ԺһĹ˹֡
ӶԪ֮󣬾Ҳûˣͺȫǿһ㣬ŭΡ
Ǹû˿İ취Ȳ˵Ժˣ޲кͶԪ˾ҲκһĶ֡
ԸоȺ֮Уǳ޵ϢڣЩϢ˵ʵȫǡ
֪ԼֲãҲۣԺ˵һ䡰ǻȥʱԻָ˵
Ҫͽ鷳ȥԪЦҵѧȥԪüͷһ壬ߵ۹ѧԺѧصѧԺʱ֮ûеѧԺߣһɿ
Ԫף۶Ͽе۹ѧԺѧԣʲôͣ£ѧԺɱȥ
ǿ⻰Բ˵٣ڰʱ֮ڻزѧԺʲô϶ᱻ
ܽѧԺһʳ֮֮󣬶ڵ۹ɾһҵûϺӹŵġ
۹ѧԺһƽֻҪѧԺλҲͬڵ͵ȹ壬ҲΪʲô˶ἷԴȥ
ѧԺȥԻΪ۹ЦһҲͻˣʤ۹гɾ͡
ԣʱмѧŮڴ˶ҲϽ´ߴӱѧԺɱ
ŶԪĻɫ˼㣬˫Ҳ˲ͨ죬ȫΪŭò
Ԫ⻰ǣȴû˿Ԫ꣬ΪԪѧԺĶϣѧȨ˸Ȩֹ
ǿеŭ⣬ҧԪԼЩӵ϶ˣҪǻȥΡ
ѧԺҲҽƵ㣬ѧԺĵҩҲԼҲԪû˿ɿڡ
úúãԪݣơһ˦֣ԼӵܺǳȻѧԺ¼岻ôˣΪֻһ
ǡԼӵܴӦһתѧԺɱȥȻԼӵܣҲԲԸѧԺѧϰĻᡣ
Ҫܶ࣬Ԫ֮󣬱û˵ʱȻзŭҲֻӵȻѧԺ


126 ͽ
ֵܣҲûѧԺˣȹ˽㡣¶һĨЦл־ƽǵ
ҪΪ쵣Ƽ޷־ƽ˾Բܻ뿪
˶ѣǵ޷Ц־ƽоȻɱ־´ƼңԺҲδغù
ǰ־־ƽãΪ־ƽ츳һ㣬û첻вҲΪԭҲһֱû¡
һɱԼû˭ԼߣصƼ֮󣬾֣־Ҫ
ֵģԺӦòΪġ쵣ģοĻ£ҲЦ޲дҲչǸǵˣҲµġ
šͷ
ѧˣղŻˣڱֻʣ¼ʵֲϼһ죬ֻ֮ǵϵĶʮѱʬ塣
վһȻ֪ϼһ϶ôŹԼƺûԼĴ㣬ԵĶȫҲ߰ɣûҵˣ
ôˣȫһؿ죬ֿ˿Ժȼˣ˼˵ɱôѧߵõô
֮ĹƽôҶû˵ʲôڼˣҲͰˣҪôһȺѧͶڼﲻˣĻ˼ҶԷһӵ˵
ۡԺ˵޲һûסЦǸǳˣȷʵиǵķ緶
˶ԱȣԺͨ죬һΡ
Сǿûˣû鷳Ȼ˵ˡԪҲ̲ס˹ȥ
Ǹղſû죬ʵڰй۲죬۲Ǽ˻ʲô顣
˵һˣɱ˶Էʮ֮ԶԷҳҶԷҳʵԶˣп϶ֻš
ǣͺһصһ㣬û˿Ľš
ѵ˵д޾ϣЦٶ˶һˣǶҲǰҲǼʶ֪֮飿
㡭ϱʵƿԣڿһ㡣
СһȻƱ磬Ȳ˵ʵͲ񣬾Ǿ󲿷Ķ֣󷨣ʱѡЦǲһȺѧܰѣ
ҲʵòáЦοǻٶ˶ԸһˣһҴö࣬󷨣ǲǵɱ
˵ţ쿴ϣǰҪһ㲻׼սô
СӡϿЦõҡҡͷ֮ǿΪڵսս⿿ǿȣ˵ʵһҲδȡʤ
ϲ˵ǲǱʾ޳˵ˣЦʵЦ˵ò󷨻طʵ֣СӺܴ֪Ա߹۲죬֣Ȼչʾʵ
λǰй۲ң֪ҵʵⲻǵԸЦλǰ֪ǶǴæˣСҪæʲô²ֱ˵ֻҪģӦ
ȻһС꣬ӦҲ˵ҲܲӦˡԺһЦŤͷԱһŵĶȫ˵ǶȥɣСе̸̸
ȫĵؿһۣ϶ʱһЦСӣô˵ҲʤǰҪСӵ鷳ҲṫҵģǴϺ޲вô
ǡȫżͷһת뿪
λǰֻʣǼˣʲôڿ˵˰ɣüԺܸоԺҵ¿²򵥡
ʵҲ㲻ʲô¡ԺЦЦǿ츳ϧûһʦָ;װ˷õ츳
Ǽϼһʤ۹ǼʶʵǵľԲ˫֮ǵָɾͲҲʲô¡˵ͷһڴؿ졣
Ԫʲôû˵һЦվԱߣ޲һؿԺˣԺʲôݣ˭Ƿͽǿʤ顣


127 Ȱ˵
ͷһۣаȻԼΪͽ
˼£λǰ˭󷨣
󷨣ͷɫһ䣬ǸͲ󷨡
Ȼǲ󷨣ôأɻʵ
ǿѧϽ㰡ϼǽ㣬㲻󷨣Ҳܹվʤ۷塣
ұ˵ʤҲδܹ󷨣ʦ̫ϡ٣Ѿﵽм󷨣ܹҲҪ󷨴ʦ󷨴ʦҲǼϡٵġ
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첻˵Ժпһ£ʶԺ̲סҲˣСһҪ֪ʤжΪʦôΪʦʲôأ
ʲôɻؿԺ
ԺпܳΪ۹ѧԺĳϣǱ¼㣬ҲöͿĽʦܣԵõõһǿĺ̨ԺЦ˵ŵԭΪЩ̲סû뵽ǣȻһü
һԺСһҪãֻһΣһһ㣬ɱʮܳ󱲣ƻĶŮǾԲݣҲûа취ˣ㻹м塣
ȻŰ⣬ϾֻһʣǿʲԼһңʮλסô
˵ţԺͻȻ뵽ʲôһ㣬ٴЦҲˣƿռŲҲӦаɣʱЩҲδôҲǧˣܸÿһռŲô
ҿϵĳˣ֮ҲԺ뵽ĻᰲôհǱ˳𣬽Ҳ
⣬ǰǰǨǣȻҲ֪ǴҴӵõĸϿԷ֮ǰӦһֻ⣬ǵס£Ǽһֱɡ
һ𣬿ɲһ˾еģÿŬ˶ˣֻʣǼǵ𽫻øѣҾûˣҲǲġ
üͷ壬쿴ԺѣȻһӱ˵ԼˣȷʵԼĵġ
Ȼ˰⣬һȥֻֻҪΣ˱֪ʱҾԻٴɳ֡
ϾֻһˣʵҲʣұȰǿĸ־ͳ˫֮ôԼɱôӵܣνǴǵôܵˡ
ʵ֮ǰҲûҪɱˣ֪Լʵ㣬һŭңԼܿܳܲסǵı
ʱʶ˷Ժ֮⣬嶼иԱ߹۲Ȼڵʵ岻Ҫø֧֣ͱ˿Ŀֲɳٶȣ˿Ǳ
ϧԼ׼õħӰʹ˳
Ȼ첻֪Ѿʧȴ֪ǳĿֲֻҪˣжٶЩźִ֮
󷨱ǽеЩ޷Ŵ㴦ԼħӰ֮У󷨵ʶǿйء
ֵʶ֮Ƕ۷壬۽ҲԵֵԵԺ˽֮󣬺ܿͱ˳
ҲˣԺ˿е޲˳˵ڶеĵλͬʱЩûгֵĸҲе𾪡
Ȳ˵챾ѧʵжǿʦݣڲʮмʦܲħӰȿ󷨣ɳǻжֲ
ܳɳΪ󷨴ʦԺԼ岼һ壬Ժʲô飬з󷨣ҲԱס岻
ҲԸһĻᡣ
ǰҵúЦſԺ
Ҳһ¡ԺǺһЦ鲻֪һɰǸһȻǿģɳ̶ȣ˵򣬾ҲûС
ͷǰ֮ǰûκεر֮ʤ˵Ҳ٣Ȼĵȥ顣
ҲӦλǰǲھҪ׷Щ֮ѧ飿ٴʵ
һԺ˶ɫһԪŭ죬СӰǵʲôˣϼһоСˣ


128 
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ԲСˡ쿴ͷ˵٣ҵ۹ѧԺҲ˽һϽߵһǸ
׾ͺãֻǲϣ˷츳ϰ˰֣ٴ¶Цݡ
˼£쿴Ժλǰλ۹˶£츳ҵĿ϶Ҳ٣λǰӦýΪСӵ츳Ұɣ
üͷһ壬Ժ˶һۣжһĨ⣬һԺŵͷдؿȻܴʲôû˵Ȼܲµ
֮ע㣬ֳ츳֮⣬ȷʵһ£Ȼ黹ÿĳɳﲻǵҪ±޹ء
ܸ˵˵ʲôôüͷҲҺи׼
βԺ˶һۣͬʱҲ޲кͶϣһ˼˵ͷԺŤͷҲ޷˵£Ҫ˵ıǴ½ĵ
Ҳ֪½ΪϡΪ㣬Ҫܶ࣬ʵΪǿԴΪḻиĵطҲԶһͷ
˵ͷܾþ֪
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Ĵսڽռ򣬿ɺܶԴǲģһһ㣬ԴҲĴ룬ڳһЩ֮⣬һЩСѾˡ
ΪˣЩС뵽򣬴ԴϾȻԶϲԴҲһЩԴȻûִͳСеġ
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ҵʵô֪飬Բڲ֪ġ
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ɢҪ˲٣ȥô죿ٴʵ
һ㲻ᣬϾ⣬ʺܸߣʱѾȻͻزȥˡϵº˷仹ţ˻ɳֽ׷ɱͬʱڵĵ۹Ҳܵٽ˵ĺ
ԣüͷһ塣
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ΧĹ֡۹˵ǵĹÿʮɶʮ˽ɹ֮󣬱Ϊӵܣܵ˵ȫ
һĸҳһ˺֮ˣᱻȡȻÿжһ䣬ս˵ˡ
˾ʹ߽ʸ֣ϼΣǱʸ֣Ȼ⻹͵ļ㣬ʵĲ࣬ҽѹġ
ûʵͲܻøԴûԴǾԼĸǸѭ󣬵ȴǵֻ
˵ͷȷʵôһһʵ£ʵʹǿʢûʵֻе


129 յ
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ڽ֮ǰ˻һѧʵԷǳΣգÿεʶ֮һ⻹вٴﲻҪ˻ء
ֻҪͨеһԱ˻ɳϵĸֶָǱҩʦ󷨣˷Щ츳ܸߣҲɳⷽĸֶָ
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ȴͬ˼Դ˲ţ˵󷨴ʦĴڣȫָܹ㣬֮⣬˻и߼ҩʦǿʶԸ⣬Ҳѧϰ
Ҫģʱ֮սȻΪʤĹ壬ʤΣգҲԹۡ
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ʲôЦԺұʵǿȻǰΪʦˡԺǿƵŭˡ
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˭˭ԪҲʾ漴ԪŤͷԱߵ޲붫ԪҪҪҲǶԪС㶫ҿǹ۲˺þãѵԸôŹ
ԣ츳ӶǾѣ˵ӣ˭ŹϧҶԪȴΪӡԪҡҡͷһź˵ԱߣʾԼΡ
ҵΪӣϧʵȥʣǲҪˡԪҲҡҡͷ˵һԡ
ϼһʣˣ߰ɣǵȥһϸ֡ԪưؿŽģҲʾҿǵãô˵Ҳͷ˼ҿڶʵڶˡ
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ǱˣԺǵʵ͵λֱǣϽƣȴˡ
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ڳºҲЦŵͷУҲӦˣԺ˵ĵӡ
ѧݼλʦ˹һõЦ춼ϲšúãá
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131 Ƽ֮䣨һ
δ˵ִ꣬ӽ죬ҽĵѧ
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һ𣬶ȫֱӴ˴ʲôúܣԭһΪʦѾˣ˭뵽ȻһӰĸͷ
붫ȫȣٵΪ֪˵ݣû̫𾪣һӰĸʦǲ첻ѡ
ʹУǳĸ˾ڴƬ֮Ȼ¶ЦݣС治˸ʦܿɳԺҲһݱϡ
˵ţüͷһ壬һĨɻֻΪʲô櫴Ӹǻ֮󣬿ǰ˺ܶ࣬춼ԼҺùöȥ
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һõϢԼг϶ң˵˱ĵ۹ѧԺжǿĸ˵ʵͲԼǵġ
ȫ۶ǵĵӣʱٶҳ֣ǾڴǵǴǵڴ۹ѧԺ
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ȴû룬ûм֧֣нĳɾͣǸִ߰Ӻ
һȺΪǵļһѡЦʱǵУǵһֺͷȲϣһв˻ǵ鷳
ֻҪǸҾͻ֪ǵһЦĵֳ棬ɲǵһˣ֮ǰηЩΪǵүսɲǻȭȣʬɽѪģЩˣնǱ̧ȥġ
ҿɺʶһЩӵܵʵأһ˷ܣԾԾԣ漴Ťͷ򰢷һս㣬ԲҪӦȫ
һΣȺУ˶ﵽǴﵽ˶ҲŰ
һսӦս˵Ŀɲǡ
ģءİļȡʤߵĵ·ͬ
š΢΢ص˵ͷлǿԿЩʡ
һλϴ˹ЦǺǵ˹ֵϲϲ
Ͽȫֻ
λֵܣԺɾǹˣֵһƽһԺǿɵöչҰҲһȺƼЦǺǵ˹


135 ص
ȻҲǣȫ˷ۣǸδƼҼݣŵǶ¡
֣ЦСˡһЦֲǲ֪Ǽҵô˭˵أ
СӾȻǰװȫΪҲ֪ƻѾˣ־ûӵ֧֣ĿĶ֣
ƻˣһ㶣ʵɺأ
ҲǸղŲŵ֪ģûü˵ءȫҡҡͷɺ͵Сˡ
СȻţϻǲӦԼҽԼ˵ţһĨŭ⡣
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˵ţ̾Ϣһʵǡճڣʶ˻ףϽ졣
ʵڻǲԸԼҽһ°ɡЦϾԼҿĴ֮ףֻһСɫ
ȻǱһصʦԺʦĵҲ٣ԼҺǲݡ
ǱٴҲóɳɳٴǱá
ԼͬԼұĴ֮ףȻ֮ǰҴѹʧСǵʵǰģСɫԱġ
̾ҡҡͷҲʵֻһ棬һ棬϶Сһ󣬻õ۹ѧԺָ֧ףʱƻǹûǣƸףٵõ۹ѧԺ֧֣ʵԶϻᣬǵĸ׽еȨȥ
Щ鷳ȨʲôãҪĻԼʵֻҪʵǿûȨҲΩǴӡԱߵĶҳҡҡͷΪʲôǶҾûȨأʱҾͺȥչС˵ͻˣҪˡ
˵ţ򶫷ȫСӣϽȴﵽʺ󣬾ǵİࡣ
붼롣ȫƲƲ죬ֲɵӣΪǵȨڼæҪֵܳţֻɵӲŻЩ
ȻɵӣҿүϹۣŶȫȻؼҿôʰ㡣
ǹֲûȫмصװιȥ˭ñҾȥҩʦ
δ˵ȫеϵϢŷԼȻ˵©죬ϽˣɱӴ˶࣬㲻±Цü嶪ǳҲҪõӴ
СӣҼ춼ûԷԭСӾȻƭҵģû꣬ȷôʰ㡣ϵⶼڶ
¹ֵ˭ҪҪҹ죬һ취ȫмصǴԼСʲô˲ģõŹô
Ŷȫ볤һĽô꣬ڲûгֹȨ֮£Ǽ˶񣬸ߵ۷壬˶Ȩмһˡ
ΪˣǼ岻òôﵽʵϹ壬ҲΪм֮ŵġ
ԼҲˣʵҪΣҲôе顣
ʱһ˹еģƤ׾ŵ۹ѧԺʦķΣƽûκεĳɫ֮
һ߹붫ȫĶȴǸϽ죬깰һ񣬲صǰôˡ
СӣҪﱻ۸ˣҵ۹ѧԺɾͶˡǺһЦĿת죬˺һŵͷʮȻ㲻óɫ󷨵ͬʱʵܴﵽ˳̶ȣܿɹˡ
ǰˡϽֵӶϵıѾܿһݵλ֮ˡ
ȷʵ˵ͷЦʽһȸȥϢһɡ
ͳϡ
Żʹȥڳ֮ɫȫˮҧгݣ޲ýԵ
Ȼǰߣûп죬һ·ϣȴʶһֱԼϣԼһһϵı鶼ȫ顣
췢һΪֵ飬ǽĺƵˣʶҲܿǵʵǰȴô͸ʵ
ֻԭһʲôԼʵһʵʶ췢ֲˡ
ĸԭ򣬶ľѣʵıﲢ࣬ÿһֵƣõϣ֤ݷǳĿֲ
Ϊʵ̫ǿ쿴ʵǾ͸ΪֲˣҪ֪ʶѾﵽۣˣʵҲۡ


136 ⹫
ѹƼҳϻὫƻҸǲٶҼ֣ԭǵʵ֮ǿаϡ
һŮǶˮ֮붫ϱ뿪ˣֻʣˣоʶû뿪Ȼڹ۲Լ
Ҳ˵
Ϊشʹ˶еЩţҲû˵Ҳȫ
һ˼ʮˣȴûС
Ա߷УĵһЦǰôСӲɣ
ȷʵȻʵһЩȴмʦʶȷʵǳǿϡͷЦû뵽ʤҲܳһ˲ţãؽΪʤ̡
ҲôΪġЦԷ֮ǴѧԺúȽʵԱڰ֮ʸˡ
ʵǵ̫࣬ԺӰ졣˼һµҿйϢȻǼǰǰذģ֪ϸȴʤи飬ϴΰʤΣܿ
ǿȫѧԺһжţͷһȥǹͨ
лǰļĺԪһﹰл
лңⶼΪʤʤܹһ󷨴ʦԺ֣Ҳ壬ǻܵõĺôѧԺɽĴܰ޸˰֣Ҳˣͽǣһȥˡ
ת۰ʱȻеȫһۡ
ʽʼ߰ɡȫվЦ
һͷȥ
ߵſڣԪЦǺǵ˹ǵʱ̵ˣǹȥɡ
лʦ
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Ƭ֮һ¹ٵһߺ˾һϵ˹ļԺҵԡ۹سҳԱȫ
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СŮ˭ŹȹʲôʱСˣôû˵
ÿɰСλŮأ

ȫɻѣҪ֪СǰΪʵԭ򣬴ûйֹ֪ҲֻĴļѡ
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Ϊǣƹ־ӣǴдʿֵ۹ǰʮǳأùһƬֻţòŻҹĽҹȡ˳ʱ䣬ǽı²ȥĊСȻء
˾˵ĹͣĴ֮ȫüͷ˺ܴĲͬ
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졣˾һͺȣϽУصݼ¡
˴㹦û޷Ϊ۹˻һ˶𾪲ѣҪ֪ĴרУ˭뵽˴ξȻ졣
һʱ֮۷׷ףܶ˶ΪԼˣҪ֪ؿʩ꣬ûиı


137 
ྲ˾һͺȣ˸Ͻ졣
֪Һɻ󣬵ҿȷĸߴˣûԺǵ۹ڳľԺ󲻹˭ֻҪΪ۹ӦĹܱͣΪ˾ϵ˵
Ȼ⻰ҵɫ̫ÿҲûзκε壬ȫĬˣƼҺͶңǵһЦݣԵúܸˡ
˵Ȼ۹һԺֶһ֣ҵĹϵܺãǴѹҽ
֮⣬ʵ̫ҲͿһţҲ첻ʲôӰ졣
Ĵı飬ڳ˶˫һ֪ȷʵ˾һľĴӦġ
һζԺҲпܳΪһ뵽жĪļ
Ȼ빫Ҳһڵ۹Ĵȴȫͬڵ۹ܶ࣬ȴֻĸԽϡȻҲԽ󣬵λҲ͸ߵöࡣ
Σķֻһǣķȴһ֮ȴر
Ŀһת˾ٴο죬ϵصΪ۹Ż
һ˶ɫ䣬˴βңƼҲɫ䣬һ޶Źҵػ˵죬ĴҲûеõƺţһԺ첻Ĵ֮ǰô
𶯲ѣ»Ժҵ˵ҪվԣΪǿǿӦɻǵͷϣǿɲܴӦ
֮ǰĽҲǻ
ȻǻδıһЦӢҴ۹ѧԺӵԺ󽫻и˲Чҵ۹
һݣԪԱߵλ϶һۣͻȻеԭ򣬿϶ǽҪ˾ΪģûҪҲйϵ
뵽Ԫվ˾Ӣ
Ԫľٶ޳˾ƷɽҲϽվ˾Ӣ
һѡ֧֣˾컹е۹ѧԺ֧֣ȻֵķŭȴҲûٷԣȻҲûбʾ޳ɡ
Ҳֱӱ˾ӣڻ̫ᣬʵ֮ʣûʱص£ؾ͵Ȼʵз͡
˶һǿЦѣȻԼ磬ʵһӡ
ǹĶ˾л˶ĳƺţԺļ彫һʧ
ϾǿǴŵ۹档
ķ֮󣬽Ƕȫˣȫٺûľ٣ΪӾҲ˽ʮˣʣµоǷ˶ʮˡ
֮¹֮ʱҲӭӸսԭ컹Ϊҿ϶£ȴϣǸûһս졣
ЩսĵӣҲǸֹˣֻ˵۹ŵļսߣΪ˲ûƺţʵȫսһ̨ȥ
һսߣΪʹ˳ҺսһˣҪȻԻᱻ
ɼս̨ҲһӣúĶȫ˶޷ٽս
һȷʵסˣľ֮࣬Ҳ̾ӣǻƭġ
ķ˾Ҳĵͷģ⣬ȶ˵ľ
Ϊ콫ս̨ˣʹ˾첻òطսսȫˣھķ֮˵սҲһ
ڶű㴫ԴһԾ𣬽Ŵ򿪣һһЦǰ
ݼΤֶ칧һ
ʲôʱģһ£ʵ
쵽ģʱǶ˻ʹ´ŵǣԾ͵ȵΤЦ˵ת˷䣬Τֽ֮ʵﶼô
һжáΤֻش֮ǰԼҼԴµ˸ǣҪң˽˳⣬ǽش
һ£ˡ
˾ͺáͷɻﲻֻǸЩɣ
ȻǡΤЦǵ鱨Ѿȫֻ̿ʣµ۶Ĵǣ̫ԶҶָӲ̫㣬⽫Ӱ䷢չʱס۶
Ҳáͷ


138 ϲʹ˴򽻵
ӣʱ峤ҽĶ˵󷨵аΤ˵ţӻóһ֪ʲôƤƳɵĻɫ鼮
ǡӹһۣɫȻһ䣬һѽϡ
ľٶΤҲܺ棬ȴûʡ
˺üΤʵס
סھƵ꣬Ҵڵ۹һСԺΪʱĸݵءΤֹĻش
ܺá
ͨƽסĵطסǴ帮Ƶ˺ԼӶǷչ鱨ĺõطס˶࣬Ҳע⡣
۶ǲͬӣƣСһ㡣춣ٹҾҪ۹ѧԺչ˵㣬ܳκ£һԱסԼΪҪûˣǿؽ
ǣӡΤָм
һ£ȼҸ㣬һԱ֤İȫЩͨ
лӡΤִϲ㱨ռһЩ鱨ǣΤ֮ǰȻĴѹ֮ʣռԼȻС󣬵ڵΤ˵źܴá
Τߺ󣬶ȫҲ½ˣڵ۶һ죬ٵ˱뿪ֻʣ¶ȫԼֵ۹ѧԺѧϰ
ҹһ飬Ϣĳ˾Ƶ꣬ųɱȥƬ̱˳š
ɱеͻȻüͷһ壬һĨЦٶȻӿ죬Զֱɱȥգ۱ʧ
С֣ܵ𣿡һǿϢһͷ֮С
䡭ճȥȻһ
ĲҽӶʱɳţһŷŭĵͺ𣬽׷ӸûκεķӦһϡ
һ̣ӱԸٶѪɳȥһֱɳף䵽ϡ
ȥɡ컯ΪһӰȭգӱȥ
ԽԽܵǿĳڵϵɫһƬҰף˺һûдӵվ
鼱֮£ӸϽӴóһƿһҩһ̣ȻһĨ죬ϵϢҲ˲ǿѸԵȫսһӿΪһ⣬Զȥ
ʱʧֻһԹСһҪΪҶ
ҵšϴڵ۶㳡ɱҶʮˣ⼸оһֱڰжֻΪͬ۶Щ˸ôԽһǣԷ̲סˡ
ֻ֪Ҫ׼һ֣ûһ󣬿ϧҲ֪ʲôֱػһ£Ȼûǽⵤҩˡ
ʶһɨΧˣӰһԶɱһֱɳʮͣ¡
ˡӰΪ׵˶㹧һ񣬶˿ǵľٶͫһһĨĪ𾪡
ض񡣡ҹֵܰ˰֣Ŀ⿴ļҹɱĮǲǸе֣ҹֵܻΪ
죿һ죬ųʲô
ʱ⣬Ҳ⣬ҹֵܺεȵĽôôһСΪ
Ҫ֪ڷʱĴĻ嶼ǣӲûдӦŻʼҵӦȴΪһСΪֻҪɵӣܿ⡣
֪ˣΪλҪһʣЦ
һһȻˣȴҹֵܵٶȸ죬߽ǵ·ס
ų˶ؿҹֵܣҹֵܸǣ뻳Ҫ֮ǰľٶΪǵ⹦ܹȴˣǵһֱڻУ㲻ӰЧ
úˣǲǡЦȫҵֻҪһ仰ǻԥǻӽ
ĬƬ̣Ϊ׵ͻȻҪô
ɵҪɱǣ鷳ҹֵܵʵǲ֪£ɱ練ơ
Ҿϲ˴򽻵¶ƵЦݵҪ֣ҪЧҡ
ȼ˷ԣʵȫǲ֪ҹֵܽץסȻǱɺһĿܣұʡȥܶ鷳ֻҾ̫ˣԱһᡣ


139 ܲӴ
̫̣ЦӦʹַҲƣԲŻɣ
ȻûֵҩҪĲϣ˵ʵЩ᲻ãȻþãʡµҲһЩʵĵҩ
һ£ôѡ񣬸Ҹ𸴰ɣ
ҹɱļüͷ壬죬ֿԱߵҹֵܣҹֵܵʵжǿǺˣǼ˸ûһʤ
˼˺һһͻȻʵҪЧҲǲܣܸʲôôɱ֣ǵͷѪģΪľ棬вǣǲܵġ
ɱ֣ľ棬ֻҪ㹻棬Чҹɱû𡣡Ҳ
Ȼû˵ϵıԿ˵ľһġ
ģҲǡЦԻý֮óռŲǿռŲ󷨣ֻҪעսת͵ǧ֮ڣܷռ䣬򶼲ʧЧҿԷʹãֱ꣬Ӧףɱζʲôɣ
˫۷ؿ죬ǵȻռŲɱ˵ζʲôζǿԶ
Ҫ֪ɱʧܾζűΧһԷĸΧסɣҹɱ֮ǰЩȥͬ飬Ϊɱʧܶġ
һռŲʧ֮⵽ΧҲߣΣԽ
һ£ȻǳεļֻҪǱֳ㹻ģ¹ͣһƷϵĸ߼ҩ
˵ţóһƿƿ򿪣һŨҩɢõüȫѪڴʱ
ƷҩΪ׵ʧƷҩνǿģҹɱʵҲûеõƷҩ
ɴʱСӵܾȻóƷҩҴŨҩжϳвֹһö
Ʒҩĵҩﻹв١ЦֻҪң˵ƷҩƷҩҲܸŪ
㴵Щͷ˰ɣһЦƷҩжǱ˭óƷҩѾˣƷҩһСӵܹóô
ƷҩôЦһһ֣óһƿսƿ򿪣һŨҩɢǹҩ㣬ȻоڵսȻû֮Լ
ƷҩƷҩֱ̿ˮ۾ǹĵͭ壬һ㣬ҹֵԱߣǶˡ
һתޱȴѵĿ֮£콫öƷҩЦͨ˵Ʒҩȷʵ󣬵˵ƷҩҲһ㣬ֻҪЧңҩٲǡ
ĬƬ̣ʵһͻȻվԸЧҡ
ܺá˵ͷֿˡ
ҲԸ⡣
ҲԸ⡣

ڳĬƬ֮ȫѡЧҡ
صͷԻý֮óһƿ˵ĵҩ°ɣ
´ϲϽƿɿĵҩɫȻ䣬Ϊ׵ŭ죬ʲô˼
ֻԷһЦЩҩÿ±ᷢһΣʱһǽҩֻҪԼж֤ǵҳϣұ᳹׽˶
ҪǷ¶ҩԶƣǲܡһŭȣĻδ˵꣬һɿֲɱϣõȻֹɫףͷ϶ð亹
ûѡҪôұҹֵһȫҿƵĿܣҪô¶ҩЦȻҲѡ񷴿ǰܴùҹֵܺҡ
Ȼ֪ɱѡΪɱ֮󣬾Ѿ׼вЩЦǲ򲻵ҲԸȥϾܹңĻţ˭Ըĵ£
˻һԱߵҹֵͬʱֲɱֻ֣Ҫзܽһɱ
ûѡ񣬶ǽɫ粻ķҹֵܣвϵ˼ŵʧ
ת۰ӹȥۿ˻ûɫһҵʱܱû˷ѣȻҲеʵʤȴ٣ٸʮϢϣһǵѡ񡣡


140 Ի
û˵ǵɫȴԽѿǶ֪Ѿ֮ʱ
ʮϢתۼţɨһۣһһĨɱһ̣ҹֵľ׮һȻˡ
ȵȡֲϽҲ׷׾
ס֡һͺȣҹֵȻͣ£ͷһۣͷ亹৵ð
ʱһڵذĸذѾ·ϣֻҪһ˲䣬Ҫ̽塣
ҹֵ̫ܶ˽ˣ˫ʵ̫ǣοҹɱͨɱ
ɱǲҪʧ쿴ص
£Ҳû˵ƿеһöɫҩȥ
ľٶԱߵҲ֪鵽Ѿûѡأɾղ˵ǸͲ
ܻ˭أ
½ҩǷ£һ֣ҹֵ˳֮⡣
ԺΪǽѡġ¶һĨЦݣռŲ˵պãΣʱʹãǶһдãҿɲǾôˣ˿ҡ
ӹһϲеҲһЩʱóһƿǵҿǵʵѾ۷壬ƿҩÿͻơ
⣬ǵʵڸҹֵܲﲻǵæӰ쵽ǣ¸ǰ顣
ǡõռŲ͵ҩ֮ǶԹʧ룬һ˿ĸм
żȥ¶һĨЦ⡰ܲӴȻĵĺð취ȻδؾȫңֻҪԺٸһЩôǿҵǱò˶ñȫշǡ
뵽뵽ý֮еƿϲɸһĨȻԾĵҩѾʣˣҪ֪֮ǰ뿪ʱΪܾʵһ඼˼塣
ڽ칫ٵ뿪ʱһЩǣϾһֵܣֶǳ𾴣治ԸǵĶġ
ûеҩԺô죿üѵһȥѧɣ
룬ҡͷˣȻʦʦһҪľǿȣǿȳΪʦû⡣
ڸûǸʱ䣬ҪʵϾûʵ岻Щͷ⿿˵ƣñ
󷨶ûѧ̰ͨҧõĵ֪ġ
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һʶĹ治ǿʶ굤ķһʶ֮νһȫʶ̶֮ȾԲ֮ǰõİ벽ȫ
峤ôʶ˼˰죬Ÿ̾˵һ򵥵ļ塣
ϸĶһ飬㽫ϣ
֮󣬵ٴ۾Ͼ˷ܡû뵽Դٶȣҽ벻˿״̬Ҳܹɻ굤
ٴμҹɱʱ˵ʵѾͻƣҲҪͻơ
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141 
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ȱ𼱣Ұѻ˵ꡣϺǺһЦĴѧֱӳΪԺӡ
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142 С͵
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143 
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144 
ֵܶɽЩ׵ļһڼˡƺǺЦ
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145 
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146 Լ
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147 ߺ
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149 ݼʦ
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156 ȫѧԺ
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ŮʶĽƻ죬˶δǸֲϷӦʶĽӹȫơ
ɵȫĹ׵ʱ˾׺䶥ֱӴסˣһʮѾ˵ˣȻ
𾪻δİֵ֮ܵһʮֱȫŮùƣɽȥʱŮûзӦ
ҹǵĹ׵ɵˡ˷ܵصĻδ˵꣬㴫һվס
ɫһ䣬вãΪŮĻҪ鷳
ŮûߵǰǼȻȫʮ׵㣬ѧԺУ˳֮⣬ʦҲô๱׵㣬ʵǵĹ׵Ӻζ
˵壬ͱߣ
ŮǲƵĻһüҺû˵ʦʸѧ׵Դɣ
˭˵ûУŮ߰صұάɽɽ֮ˣڻǵĹ׵죬ɽ򡣡
ǵĹ׵ȫԹ׵еģ峤Ծģ㲻ţȥ峤ϡ˵꣬ҲŮ˱ɽ۶ȥ
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үүŮһķ򣬶˶ţ챳޺޵صҲŹġ
һΣͻȻͣµǾһطɣѾܳˣͨط屶
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˿еɽɽ۵ɽɽСһ룬ֻʯҿռ䣬ù
ֻһʱ䣬ҾһºһҪȥ˳ûдﵽҪҲҪȥԣνԶս͵꣬ҴԶսǿ˴ȵĻҲҪ
˴ǲֻܹԶսܻܲһЩԵҡҡͷͶȫ˲֪ͬԼʵ˴ҲͶʮȫʤһĶǿߣʵܡ
ֻҪŬˣڽôźŬûУźȫЦҲֵ֪ܵʵμ˴Ȳܡ
ô࣬ǵĿǽԶս˵˭˵壬˵ǽԶսǾõԶŴлǵҩʱʵǡ
һŬôʧɫᶨĵ˵ͷ
˷ֿԵһʯ֮
ʱһȥò˵Ũ̫Ӱ죬棬½ͼʿ֮һǶǳѡ
ɽɽÿͻơ
ڴʱͷγһ޴©©עͷ
ǿֲ֮£ȾڲϵıǿֱͨȣԷЩ˳žӿȥ
ڴĳ֮£еĳɳƬ̣ռ
񡣡
һ죬ȻһȦ֮¿ʼںϣγһ˴֮ûٱ󣬷ԽԽСγһöӣڵת
öսתգսҲԽԽʵ󳹵׳Ϊһöӡ
ڳΪˡ˫΢յ͵ۣһĨϲϸһɢһǿϢһʵʵսȻ
һϵսΣ̾ϢȻսΣսθʵֻҪսͷųվǾʦҲ˺ҷݺȫ֮ǰɱȵġ
ϲֵܡ
ϲˡ
̧ͷŴʯĶȫͰֵܣЦǵĽҲ
ʮȫٴͻΪһֱѹƵʵɽǳ׵ı
ֵܣ۷壬⣬ﵽӦû⣬ҲͻƵֻǰǰ취뾡ҲƴҲһ۷塣


159 굤
һָԻȥҶٶǰϲ֮󣬱ˣ˺ȣҲζ
ȥ첢ûǳ˼ʵѾﵽһ⼸ͻƼܣ飬ǰû⣬⼸˵ûʲôô
ʱȫգ굤Ҳʵ굤ҾѧϵʶʱضʵǣǶҲ塣
뵽ת
֪ȻɽɽʶսֱӻΣҪ֪ʶͲҪûĵطҲһģɽϸûһȫ˷ѡ
ɶڵ˵һһǧ׸⣬ﲻû˴ţԼֵܣֶΪ
һתˣһǿʶϱԳ֣ǿֲʶѹ֮£ΧĿˮһϡ
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ʱһȥȫ֮Уʱ䶼ˣģͻȻеԼʶ뿪壬ȫƮƮģͺһܽһ㡣
гɻʶĿһ壬һ۾ȻԼ嶼ˣɼսҲؿ
һ̧ͷԼԴһ۱㿴Դʶ֮һԲӻ۶ȥ
굤һϲڵĸоôֵֹģǽɻ굤֮еϡ
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ԽԽʶ֮۵굤֮ϣ굤ҲԽԽʵֱʶ֮ȫգҲһ絤ҩĺɫӡ
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굤ãһ˲佫ɽ֣һ̣ɽһȫӡʶ֮Уۿһ㡣
ɽ˲ٰȻǧŶȻ˻ͻƣоȻŮΪʲôѧԺеŮأ
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ɫ͵һ䣬ʶɽɨ飬ûз˵֮һݣ֪ɽžִڣٲҴ⣬Ͻʶ
ĨһѶͷ亹ղŵ飬ȷʵúµصȻҶֲˣʶٴﵽϣãûж⣬ûйңҪȻôĿ¶֪
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˱仯õҲҴ⣬ʶţһԺһ㣬óʶ֮
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˵֮ʣг˷ܣ˵ʱıϵ𾴣΢΢ĵͷ
תȥ
ۿѵԶսսʱ䣬ȫ밢Ǽͬʱֹͣʯſڡ
ߵǰĶȫҪţһɿµѹѹϣ´ʱ۷壬Ҳɫһףͷ亹ֱð
ͣ¡ͻȻֶȫˣսϵΣͻȻϣϽһѽԱߵİס
ţеҲܵ˶ȫ˵Ϣʶѹһۿ򶫷ȫôˣ
СڸʲôѵѾﵽʲɣôµѹõҶáȫĨһѶͷ亹ޱ𾪵ؿ졣
ô״ﵽġҡҡͷղϲҵʶİˡ
ԭˣѹôֲȫһʦʶ쳣ǿϣ֪ġ
ʱ䵽ô쿴򶫷ȫһ˿ɻʱȫУʱ䶼ˡ
ٲɽǾҪʱˡȫҲﵽҲֻʣ°Ͱˡ


160 鷳
̧ͷһ۰Ͱǲ۷壬һͻƵ
ˣȥɣҾ쿴Ŀ⣬ɫһ
Ϊʲôȥüͷһ塣
ҵʵȥҲܳɹġҡҡͷҸûսʵ
ɫһΪһߣĳ徢ûУҲֹ۹٣ʸɽ֮
ˡɫһ䣬
ֵ˵òɽǸ۹˳ɲŵģȻͨǸ֣ڵ۹ҲһߣûʸԴȫ˵ţŤͷ򰢷Ϊһߣĳ徢ûˣĳɾҲֹڴˣǿԿ½λǿ߲һδ澳վ۷ġ
û˵Ҳû˵ȫĿͶ򰢷Ҳû˵ֻǵͷ˼
һͻȻһɳս⣬ɢĿĿ죬µˣˣԺ˿ѽҵͷ˵ţȻĵݸ졣
밢ȫɫ䡣
һЦֽӹܺã˾ģ츳һ㣬ԺĳɾҲضС߱ҪһŲηѣϵľֻˣܳΪǿߣѽҾˡ
콫ý֮УЦģȻֻѾð취֤һԶսѰԵ
ģȫһϲǰ˫۶ϴ
ͷЦǻҪȥЩС
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Ѳ顣СɽϵĶûУ
һBɽȻʥأΪﲼһ;󣬶ɽϳʯͷҰ֮⣬ûκֵǮĶõѲô
֪ҪѲʲôüСɽʲôֵã
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Цҡҡͷ쿴򶫷ȫ߰ɣùһûµСѾͷ˵ţС˹ȥ
վסСǰסص˵˭ûµСѾͷ˵˵첻뿪
СѾͷûʱ֣ǻȥԶսӰһٴС˹ȥ
ߣʦվסСҪ죬նһɿֲѹϣõʹɽѹҲҶֻŭԽԽԶ
һֱǵӰߵɽǹѹʧСǺݺݵض˶ţüҵţҲŹġ
Ѿͷҽ㲻ҪȥƫţڳԿ˰ɡһһ磬ƮȻСǰһȰĵ
ߣҲŹġСһµµһת¶һĨЦݵһȻԶսǾͱضμ
ˣסġߴȰҡҡͷʦʶǿ󣬶ѽɻ굤ʶѹ͵ֵס
˭˵ģнڣʶѹ˵ˣˡС߰˰֣ɴɽ³ȥ
Ǳ軵ˣǵȥʶһˡҡҡͷЩΡ
߳ɽһĿ׽࣬üĿϴŵ΢Ц˹ȫЦȫ磬ѧԺҲջᣬѵЩֵܶˡ
ڵʵĻȫЦⲻɽһ£һʵȥˡ
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͢ﻰЩڴѣȫֲ͢ԺͽɡЦܸо͢еѺá


161 Ůʦ
ǿɲУؼҿҪӵġ͢ЦһȫֵܰɣлȷʵԵˣԺͽӡ
áˬشӦ
ֵ籸˾Ʋˣ͵ˡ˾͢Ц죬ҪҲܰǽӻȥûֵǽ
ϾȫǼ֮ӣǶҵĵϵүջŶңҲǶ˲ŵĵطȫһ¶ûȥȷʵЩ˵ȥ
ڿɲСȫҡͷǻȥǱһ죬Ҫ˽νԶսɾûˡ
ȥɡ͢ͷѧԺȥ
һ·ϣ͢˵һЩѧԺͽԶս˵˺٣һ㶼ֱսһǰٵѧֻҪսɹֱӻȡ
ѧԺУѧʵһרŵʦֻǰѧ
ڰϵѧѧսɹɹܻ߱Σ֮ǰѧԶһ
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Ȼսɹ֮ҪսǣҲýܣֱûսΪֹ
ô˵ӣѧԺΪʲôڽԶսһǰôұأɻȿٱǸãһҪӰܶѧ
ÿҲڽǰűȴͬΪٹ±ѡ۹μѡѧԱǵ۹Ϊܳġ͢͵ǵ۹۹ѧԺȫнܳѧԱյѡҲȫ䵽ѧԺ
ʱԶսʱֻ£ѧԶսھɱҪһʱ̬սеľ飬ʺϴţ֮ǰɱջҲѧԺԸġ
֮⣬һμѧҪһʱؼҴԼ飬Ҫ֪ѡǷǳпģһμӣҪôɹҪôûе·ѡһЩʱžۡ
һʱҲ͸ոչʱʱԶԶˣѧԺ;ⳡǰڽУʱǰʮѧѧԺμѡԶսԸμģ˳󡣡
ԭĴˡͷԭֻǰͿˣ͢һ˵ѸıƻζҪǰʮ
֮ǰûлʸ񣬶ԶսлûԵʵǣǰʮѧǸô죿ٴɻʵμѡЩƽˡ
ԶսûԵʵҲֹһ٣ѧѧԺֱսǰʮֻҪɹͿȡǵʸ񡣡͢Ц
˾ͺáͷȫͰǶ˫һһǾʧȥʸҲлᡣ
öȫǺͰǶﵽֻҪܽԶսֱսǰ
ǼʦһʮٸĻһ϶Ǵŵ΢΢׺
ʶˣڸǼʱһ۰ʵͷ۷壬ȻδܹսǰɹڽԶսǰͻƵǣҲǿԽġ
ģϲԱһЩ۷ѧҲ˫һ
бҪƭ𣿡Ůʦ˰һۡ
Բ̫ˡϽǸ
ʲôɼģԶսȻŻҲźܴΣգԲעпʵ̫ͽȥδؾǺ¡ŮʦŰлʦŮʦصһл֪ŮʦǺȰһԶսʹŶһλᣬǲġ
ԱЩ۷ѧҲԾԾԣǵӣҲ뱨սɹڽԶս֮ǰΪҲʸġ
ʦıݣҲϣԼѧ档ŮʦЦЦԱߵȺһλ
ȥԼƵݸŮʦ°
ʲôŮʦЦһ˿ŭݿ򰢷СһûҿЦҲսǰ
սģһ㶼ŵƣʵٶﵽҲֻпսɹδֹμսġ
οڻһֱڿЦ
ǵġһᶨص߾ҪڲϵսȻҲŶδսɹһһԡ


162 ʦţ۲
Űϵı鲻ǿЦŮʦ֪ģ˵ͷ߾Ҫƴľֻ߲Żиߵĳɳռ䡣
˵꣬Ǽ˵һ䡰ףɹ
ûŮʦںһλ㽫ԼƵȥ죬һ
һûŮʦɫһӴˣƷˣһѾ÷ˣھȻһһѵΪԼ񣬿Ծ߰˼սɣ
ǵģһޱȿ϶ĵ
ʱԱ߲ѧ֣ڳ˼Ƭ֮һӷǸûߵ찡˵֮ǰڵ۶㳡ɱǼʮͬѧ
Ǹһ˵ʱٶͬѧȥǿĶﵽҲһ˶ס໥ɱҪУǼʱϵǼͬѧ˵ȫҪ֮С
̫ţˣ˵Ժ뼸ΪѧѹָһսѧԺǰǿߣʵͲԵȼ
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ŮʦɫǿŮĿ⿴Լɫһ䣬ʶһʦұ
СһŵģҳԲ㡣ŮʦһЦʦ
Աߵѧ˭뵽Ůʦ˵һ仰
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ʱɫùŹ֣ȫҲùŹ룬ж뵽仰
ѧʦŮʦһȻδ˵һķˣףô˵棬ŮʦĵӾٴҲҿЦ
Ҵʱ컹֣ԼȻǰλʦʵҲ֤ʵĻ
ԡŮʦصͷǻǿЦãѵҵСˣ
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ٴδסˣȻһλʦϸûʲôԷ۵ġ
֮ʣŮʦЦ֪ҲûʲôöȴܻͽĿռŲüҰɡ
׹˰죬ԭڴԼռŲ⣬첻òλʦǻۡ
ϵȲĺø֮ԳҪҿڻıһĲֵǲöС
ҺãռŲֱĶý֮ж׼һЩóݸŮʦЩ弶ڵƵĿռŲȻȲʯƣÿ㹻ʦʹΣʦﲻҪ
Ȼ¡ŮʦĽӹռŲһ䣬ɶֻͣпЦ
պÿռŲŮʦҲن£Ƭ̽콫ˣһõƣһˡ
Сһʱ棬ʦóԵġ
ԶĿŮʦթ죬ֻñԿЦŮ˼ֱ̫޷ˣѧթ
ѧԺ֮һЩŶ͢һջᣬջѧԺ֮в㶥⣬ֻŵǰ壬Ϊ󲿷ݵӵܴС͵սֻһ롣
ŶɽҲû˸ǣҪ֪ջҵǿ˵˶Ǻĵӣһ˸Ǵﵽ
ϧڶڣҲûмǡ
͢һɶҵĺĵΪȫǽӷ磬ڼҲõΪ֮ǰǸûǵΪ֪һжذȥ顣
һԺҲǰˡ
ԭǵȥסģϾȫڣǸõˣסջЩ˵ȥ
һ͢˾ͲˣҶȫҲ¶ŵ䵽ʱ죬ҲԾܾˣƵҲֻԼȥˡ


163 װ
У쿴ŰôǾȻܹʵʱȴ㱳ϿƣҲʹõҩֹʹǳʹ࣬һֻܱ죬֮󷨱ʧȥЧãʱҲڣʵһ붼Ӳ
ѾǺˣ鷳ˡһͷϵ·¶Աߣ¶ǲʵĺ󱳡
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̵һ뱳뼡⣬һǹĺ󱳱һĻۣѪˮһ
һʹҧȴ̲ס΢΢زɱûᣬ̵磬ϵı仯ţͺǲǿڰϣں޸֪ʯһ㡣
𶯣λһо͵ϡĮ˵ûлش𣬴ʱҲûش죬ֻýҧ亹Ѿȫͷ͸Ȼҧʹȫȶ
ת۰ʱȥѪѾȾ˰ȫ˫϶ǣ쿴һ
п̵һᣬһϵıҲ˺ܶ࣬漴ӻý֮нƷóƿ֮еһһڰЩ̺֮С
콫ЩĩϵĿ̺֮УղŻֹѪʱֹסһдȫҵʹҲʧ
ˡп̺۶÷ĩһ֣˵סʱҪս㱳ϵǰ
лˡмص
ƾˣҾ͸ð㡣ȫЦǾһֻʹһΣʹùԺʹá
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Ҳ֪˶ãѳһĨǰףΪսԴҺԴ֮˹
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˳ķǰʱѾۼˡ
һ˹͢Цû뵽Ȼڴʱͻˣһͷ
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ϾԶսȫԵһѧһԺѧϰʱΪ꣬ÿһΣͶһλᣬûԵ´ȥʱ˵ͻԵˡ
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ÿսǹ۲ѧʱһнţһЩ˲ŵȵȣսб¶ţֻҪʦϣұΪӡ
ѧҲ֪ʦڹעȫֳϣõʦĹעΪǵĵӣϾһԼʦԽ̵϶ʦá
֪ҲȥõϢڲѡ
ϵͱȫЦںҲȫ֣ʱעʦͬ١
ǺãһҪ֪ҵʵʮĵ
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164 
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165 ʼ
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166 
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167 ô
ˬػش
ţסˣȻ㣬ԺһӮġ
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ŤͷȥȻţϵ·Ѿˣʱٴθ̾ţһĺӣղŰֺأûж˿ϣûҲˡ
ˣҰһҪһҲһЦţкøУʵţԸҲǳƣߺչķֱͬһ档
ˣҾðһսӮЩңţʵûȫӳüͷϾţôܱ¾ʹˡ
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168 ʤ
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СӡϵľٶԶĽĺͶƶεҡҡͷȻ˿еԭ򣬵ǻǿóġ
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ΪԱǵǩҲһźţоźŽֿգֱӽ³³ǵôźžͱϳٳǩ
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ȫ׵öһϳԶ䣬ƾûˣ֣ȻҲɱ˾ˡ
Ȼֱ䡣


169 ɺķһ
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Ϊ˲ܵˣѧԺȡս
һжһƴǰʮѧսǲζǾûнԶսʸ֮ǰŬҲ׷ˣϵҲˡ
˵֮ʣƼȻǵŬѧԺҲǿģѧԺǲǰװŬģѧԺǰʮսֱӵнԶսʸ񡣡
һ·ѧʱˣЩǰʮѧиǼѣսȫУǰǿߣڵʵ״ͲܳɹѧԺһĹأֱӾͳɹˡ
ϣǵһڶ̫ˣ϶˱ףǵʵ̫ͣǸһһֶûгһΣ͵õһ̫ƽˣ˶ӵ˽Զսʸ񡣡һС۾ⳤþһֻӵѧܵǰһʵĵ
ӣƺ޲ô죬ȡ֮ϾԶսһξͶһλᣬܶѧֻһλᣬһЩһλᶼûУϾԶսҪʵҲѧԺԺıҵ׼
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һûٷԣ۹˽ѡǿһû˭֪ԼУҲƴһԡ
ʱΪǰʮû˭ʵȻһˡ
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Уҵø
¿ɲһ˵ġĺǺһЦһ簮صǼõģǰʮѧǵʵͨԽԶսûҪǱȥҲͬ˵ġ
ѧԺҪ׼ѡǱ뽫ΪܳѧѡμѡΣܶһѧˣʤ۹ʵҲǿһ֣ǹϵʤδ顣
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170 ɺķ
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171 ɺķ
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178 ǿĺ̨
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179 
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180 ֶ
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181 ͷ
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Ŀһתֿ߳ϡͰ˳ϲ˼ְֻ֪֮ڶȨ᳤ְ֮빩á
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188 ţĴ
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Ȼ˵֮ʣţһֱƽ˫ȴؽ΢΢ز
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194 ޸ǳ
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195 սһ
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Сѧܣ˵Ӳҵġһ죬õЦһҪɹܡ
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ౡͷķͻȻðһ˵ԴӰһķȻ˲佫ʶѹƵγһĹΣ
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ܣһȣ趯ѩʱΪһѰУǵصϮȥ

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196 ս
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197 
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198 ׼
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һ˼׿ĿתתؿŻа⴩䰿裬ͺضΪһ㡣


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Զս಻٣ʿѶԸ̶ȾҪǰΪǱ֣һ־ǳȺӣҲϰ١
ҪǣЩʿΪִγɣȻžӵϰߣÿһӶһ죬ҲǾǿһЩﵽϡ
ǧĴʿǾһСӳжӳȽ죬ǿĽﵽۡ
ܣ
⼸췴ӦĵһٶҲΨһٶΪȺʿȻǺܶ࣬Ҳһ٣ζһϵĽ
ټʵʿԲԶԸġ
Ҫ֪ʿ֮ǰԸЩѧͬʿľִɢγɵģǱִžǰѪɱǵԶֻнԲˡ
ҳΪʿ֮ǲ֪ʹûдУֻɱԲһ߿Աġ
ʹԼٶȣ˶Ϊһ磬Զɱȥû뵽ǣʿٶȲûԽԽ
ģЩʿôͻȻҡ벻ףɿЩԽԽʿҲ׹ȵס
ƶ
һսעЬףٶȾһ㣬ݵһǰȥһ˲䣬ٶһ࣬Щ׷ʿֵһ̶ľ룬ɴ˿ɼЩʿٶȿǱһ
ٶȻˣϧڵսȴԽԽ죬ϾƶЬһսȻٶҲҪĴս
ôȥһҵսһգʱӲһ㷴֮ûСԼĵƣΰȺʿ
ʱ֮⣬ʿԼҲƴıܣ׷ǵȴֻмʿΪ׵ʿαʿ
µİ׹Ҳ٣ϴҲʿһٶȸһ磬Լ¼絤ٶһ֮ľҲڲϵ


206 ɻ
ô죬ڸô죬Ҫ׷ˡԸߵؿ԰꺰Ȼû󣬵ԽԽľȴ֪ܿʿͻ׷ǡ
ô죿ô죿ֻ֪ô죿ѵң˭԰ŭȵʱҲļ٣Ҫа취˵ˡ
˵ȺʿģҲ㣬˭ԸҲǻŭصҪ̰ôΣ֮С
ľȻң֮ǰô˵ѵɱСûˣ԰˫ۣӺĽ絤ø㣬ҪңͱЩʿʬ
㡭Ը걻ƿԡ
СķȥȻ԰ʱ޲ýԸɱˣǿ׷Ҳ֪ڧ֮ʱֻýԼ뵽Ĳǰ취İ취˵
СһȺʿܹȥ·ôԸһɻص
Ըʲôһ׳գ԰޲ţʱԣҲֻǿѹеŭ𣬽͵ʿȫƾŻϢѰһϢҲһ𣬲ôܣǶŹǡ
˶ˣǵĿҲͶˣҲӵ
һ£С磬Բŵģ϶ᷴһЩʿʿעᱻʱǾĻᡣ
Ը˫һɴصãϽߡ
Ӱһתڵķɱȥ
ƴˡһ۱׷ʿɫһݣóһһףʶǣָصȥ
ͬʱнӡϵı仯

һͺȣȻһãͼнӡı仯ԵһɶһڰУһ̣һ£ʧ
ʮöµı㹻Ǻúһ˰ɣ¶һĨɭȻЦ⣬һתʹƶǰȥ
ǰñ󣬺ҪһֽţŽɻ굤֮һжü࣬ǲֽ弶ڵƳɵı󣬸Ϊɡ
ǰףʿ̤˱֮С
ãһãȻ֣Щʿûһǰɳ塣
䡭
ʮö󷨵Ĵ߶֮˲䱩󷨵ʮʿ㱻
صļֱӱɢ˼ܣʿɢ˼ܣµİ׹Ҳɢ˼ܣ¾ǲҲû׷ˡ
ʿȻûг׵ɢܣһ䵽棬㱻ЩʿϣǱûɢܵĹͷҲɢ˼ܡ
ʧǣԭΪһǰĵ֮󣬿϶ӰʿܽİԸȡһЩʱ䡣
ЩʿûܵһӰ죬ǰ浹µʿһȣֱӱˡ
ȷʵҵҪܼܳ󡣡
Цһٴóһѱһ
䡭
һ·Ϸ֮ÿһζмʮʿըɣʹԭһٶʿѾֻʣһˡ
Ȼʿڱըһ˲Ҳһ㣬һҲһ㲼ʱ䡣
һը֮ۿʿֻʣʮ¶˵ЦݣһתٴԻý֮óö
⣡ɫ͵һ䣬һϵöٶҪöܲãھȻֻʣöˡ
֮ǰһЩ׼׼˰öȴû뵽Ÿս죬ôΣյʿȻùˡ
һ߶ѥǰɱͬʱóһ
ף
ٴ׼֮ʱӰ֮Уɱ
Ҳֹһ˵ùҲ˵ùʮԶʿƽһ㡣
ǵʱϸ¶ֻı飬鲢ûбֶãͻȻ뵽ʲôһ㣬Ŀ䵽ʿϡ
ʿĽ죿üͷ壬ϸǳɻ󣺡ôֻһʿͼʿأ
ʿһֱǳȺӳ֣ȻҲĶ٣ʱһȺֻмʮⲢ֡
ΪʿὫǸ֪лŵȫɱ࣬ǹʹǲ϶ս


207 Լ
ʱǿĵˣһʿֻʣ¼ֻǺ
ʿһԣɢʿֻҪûн죬нʿ
һ㣬˰̱·ֻҪߵľ٣ָӡ
£һʿ;ֻһͼ϶µģǸձܣʿˣ׷ʿûн죬ʿԣЩ׷ʿ϶׷ȹ˳ʿ졣
Ǳܣ˶˳Զڵһλһֱȴ⣬оͱԭ
𡭡ʿһŭ׷ʿͻȻֳʮԼΧ˹ȥ
ǣĴ۾ǷɢȥʿɫҲĳ
ʱΪʲô׷Լʿѳһ٣Ȼûһ죬ԭûн죬ǽȥ׷ˡ
ϾʵͨʿǿٶҲ죬׷ɢ
ΪʲôûнʿǵĽ죬Ҫ׷ԼΪʲôԼ˻ʿ죬Լ
ֻҪɵӱ֪Ⱥʿģֻʿ콫ʵǿ͸׷ȥˡ
ʿ׷Ͻ죬ȴԼԾԼ׷˹
Լңû뵽ôҵˣȻˣǾͱֺ
˸ΣյĹâۿΪԼķ񣬺ʿѾԼֻвʮףҲٳɣһ׶գۼ䣬һãµķĳǰ
˷ҿ
ããһɢ˲㽫Щʿ档
һ󣬸ղŻֱײʿ㱻֮и֪һ̶ʧһҲȫͣ
˷мбȽϸ߼սи֪㳹׵ĳΪһϹӡӣͬʱһߵʵӲȫʵ
ʿȫ֪Ѱһʧȥ֪ǱʲôˣʱԴͣŤ˫֮ĹⲻԵúǽ
ɱ
һŭƽһʿԴȥʿȻû˸֪֪Ѿɱ֡
Σո֪ıܣƽҪԴʱһ⼣İ׹ֱܵһ
뷴ЦһƽȻ٣ʿûϣƽѾͷ롣
ꡭ
һ죬ʿķѣµİ׹ȴûɢˣǰ׹ڳ˹

һ׹ԴҲ׷ɶǰ׹Ǽӵ廩һɢһأò
ӰһƽһʿʿӦû㱻
ò˵ʿΪһִֵĲڸ֪֮ûǻۣһͲ֪ôˣһһ㡣
ɱǣǱܵΣǻӶֵ֮⣬ֻҪ첻ǣǸͲᶯ
ʧȥȺ֮󣬵һʿһ㲻壬ɱɱƬ̱нʮʿϡ
˷⡣
ʱǰ֮£ԼѾʿ׷ϣһ棬ڷ¼絤֮󣬷Ӧٶȶ˺ܶ࣬ԸߵҲˡ
ңҡۿʿٴԼ˵Ըңһؿ԰ꡣ
԰£ת嵽Ըǰһѽϡ
ллԸмĻδ˵ֻ꣬԰һĨ֮⣬һţͽ߷ɳȥ

һУԸʿǰһɶʿܵǰɹǹȻͣ£һ
ݡ
һƿԸֻǰһ㱻ֳʮ飬ʱ԰ʿԸԸ꣬תӡ
𡭡ʿܵ԰һŭʿɢ˷Χȥ
Ȼ԰ܵúܿ죬ٶȲѷʿҲƬ̱㱻Χ
԰ңۿ·ӣһԶ첼õ󷨣Ȼʱ֮ʲôֻһƬ֪һҧ֮гȥ
𡭡
ʿһŭһΪһڹ⣬԰ꡣ


208 ׽
𡭡ʿҲѧһŭ𣬷׷׽е԰ꡣ
Ǽƿ԰εѣҲ˵òһԾʿ֮ڵ˺üȦ
䡭
ʿϻ԰ԣŵ԰ɫδعʿֳ嵽
Ҳ˿ĳɣ԰꼸һͷ֮С
𡭡
ͻȻʧȥ԰Ϣʿܷŭʿ죬
ʿͨʿͬѾһЩǣȻ֪԰ΪʲôͻȻʧǴʿϢʧ֮سȥ
֮УɱʿͻȻͣ£Ťͷһǳ԰꣬һĨЦּɱʿ
԰һ֮Уʱǰһڣʲôˣˣʶ֪ȫʧ´ӣе˳ųķ˳ȥ
ϰ죬ԭشתԼȴ֪
ͻȻһƵĶס԰ʶȥһȴųһ亹ϽԱ߶ȥ
Ϊһ׳ȹǣʿ°׹Ľš
ȻնһһҪоΣշӦÿ죬ȵ־ͱȥ
һ̣԰ȫ亹͸Ҳʿ󷨺ȥи֪֪Աߣûٳ֡
𡭡ʿŭ£ϧЩʿʧȥ˸֪֮⣬û˭ԼҲ
һ˰죬ָûзӦʿҲñﲻΧϵĻӳ
԰꣬ʿԱߣȻ֮ǰ뾡˰취뿪Ⱥʿ֮Уʧˣߵԭش򴫡
ʿһǵ硢ãԱǹǰͲ֪㶼ܣмζ㽫Уõǵľŵһֻ˵Ұȫڲ
һɱסĽʮʿڱŤͷʿ¶һĨЦ⡣
ҺмбȽϸ߼ս󣬷ôͱˡ
ٳɣӰһһʿ䣬ʿԴѾ׷
һӣ㽫ʿֻʣʿ졣
ҲͬղһһʿԴȥȻûʿгǹһ㣬Ѿǰ
ϡ
һӣݺݵڳǹ֮ϣǹǻδٶǳǹһתڵĵطɨһֱɨԴ
һһǹͷһɨô˻ᣬѸٺˣһֱ˳ףͣ¡
𡭡
ʿŭеĳǹղ֮Ϯһ
ԭʿһָΪʿ֮лһĸ֪ɿʿľٶףղʿ֮ܵıܷ
ڻϣȫΪɺ϶ѡ
Ҳʿ﷢裬һֱ˴ԼӣʿƽһЩʱһԾƽֱȡʿԴ
һ
ƽɢĽãһʿ챾ܸеΣգгǹһ̶
ϡ
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һ죬ʿǰ׹ԴϵͷӦƣһ̣׹ԴҲΪ룬ƽ£ֱʿ쳹һΪµİ׹һΪս
ҺЩʿûǻۣа˷ҲδܶԸǡ쿴ʿ죬¡
ҪЩʿǻۣ֪ȫޣҲԿһ໥Ͼ֮ʱǻܹоΣս٣ߵıܸǣҲȫ
ϧЩʿûǻۣ㲻ǣǸͲṥҪǣǶûսս˵һ죬ʮҲһǶ֡
ϢƬ̣нӡһ䣬Уһ۱صİ׹ǣ˫ֱͷƨɸ̣һԼꡣ
ǰͻȻһԼһݣ̧ͷһܣûʿлδϲãӰǰ


209 ڼһ
һԾԼףҲֻһЦصܹҵô
Լһ٣뵽ǿֲʵߵĴ㣬칧ص
û񣬷ЦʵЩʿǹԸҵİɣ
֪ƭ죬ԼҲûзϣԿģԭһԣҵʵ޷ֹѾЩʿ£Ҳж񱨡
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һԼɫ͵һ䣬㲻Ƕǵ۹ѧԺѧѧԺй涨ѧ֮䲻ɱ֣ѧԺĹУܵѧԺ׷ɱ
㻹ǻ´ȥԼҲŹġ
ֻˣҲڹϡЦԼҵıҺʱ¹ǣ
㡭Լһʵ벻ʲô˵죬˺ð죬ŹԸЧңԺҵˣҽΩǴӡ
һԼɫѱһƬҰףף첻ӦʱڣʵҪɱûһ㷴֮
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⡭Լһ£Ĳϵţ˵飬Ҳû˿·ͻȻ֮䣬һŨصɱϣȫһٲ˿ĳɡ
ӰѾˣ֪׼пռŲԴ﹥㣬㽫ռŲ֮ٽΧɱ֮⣬ǻҪԸҺƼԼ˾ҽӵܡ
ƾǣЦԼĴ֮ףνĵֶ࣬ԸƼһԣܶԸ˾ô
˾νӵʮˣԼһ࣬˾ҡƼҺͶҹϵǳĺãһܵҿ϶æʱԶҾûһʤ㡣
˵ĶģӰԴԼƻģҲӰԽĽ̸֪ġԼ첻ţ˵Ӱʲôи֣ʣһֹһˡ
㻹֪ʲôϸ˵˼£Լ겢˵٣üͷɵý嵽һ
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治֪ؿԼꡣ
治֪ˡԼҡͷ
˵Լвİ֣֪˭ôٴʵ
Լɫһ䣬£ŵЩÿζֻڼԺӲҲ׼ǽȥǵʵǿǼĴ϶ǹúܣ˵ĳˡ
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һڸﵱѾЩ˵ʳﶼ׼ģЩҵġԼʵػشʱûʲô˼ɣ˵ˣ˵˵㶼һ
֪ĸʵԼҹһĿģ
ЩҾͲ֪ˡԼҡҡͷ˵Ӱߵʸ־ǵˡ
ڸһ񣬸ŪЩĸǵĿġЦóһöӰð˸ӰĿƶúǿԽǰľ¼
ԣԼһû¡
ģֻҪԹǲὫóġЦȻа㲻ʵԴµϣʱʲô˵Ҳ
ǡԼ˻һ㣬ŽŲԶ
ıӰ¶Цݣôһڼ飬ԺԼҵľٶҲ
ȻڴֻԼҺѵõҪ鱨֪ô飬ܹһҰ֮ˣֻҪԼڱԼ϶ᱻԼҸ߲ע⡣
ǾʹԼҴ˴νԶսӵܺǼɡһĨɱһЩӵȥ룬ʱʣµӵҲԵ󣬱ضõá


210 Լı
ֻңȻ壬Ǽصôģʲô֣þҵˣ¸ǣ򶨻ᱻԼơ
Ŀڵϵİ׹ɨһۣһӿʿʹõĳǹ˳ǹͨͨʿʹõĳǹ
һ⼣߰ߣ겻Ǿ;Բһ
עһսǹһ𣬱⣬õ˫һȻǳѹ겻ϧЩˣûȥһʹá
ǹɨʿһۣǵòûʲôֵҲͣӰһǰɱȥ
һСɽǰӰڴˣԣһĮ갺׶ȴ˸߰
˵ӰԼݣԼӵӦöмѲǣǵıû˿ĹӰΪ߰
Ƭ̣һԶɱӰǰ
ڶסˣӰޱʵ
ǡ깧ĻشԼҺҵʮˣ⻹ǰ
߶ۼ˶ˣӰٴʵ
ԼʮˣҰˣҺƼҶʮˣֻ˾Ѿۼʮˣ⻹ʮˡ
Ǻҵִ񡣡ӰһĨ֮ɫΧʵǺǿһ˾ۼ̫࣬Ըǡ
ѧԺϵĵӡɫһҲˣǿɾͳ׵ĵ˵۹ѧԺʱǽ۹Ĵ
ǶڹϡӰɭȻɱҾ֪ô۹ѧԺһֱѹڼ֮ϣǷУָҲøıһˣ޷Ǿѡ
۹ѧԺʵʵ̫ǿǸǵĶ֡һĵӰ뷨̫񣬷Ķ
ⲻܵ顣ӰĮؿֻҪִҵǣҪκһܳȥ
ǡӰǱĿⶢţһӦһȥ
ԶȥӰϸһĨЦҪһ򾡣ԺʤԼҵʤ
˵ţԱߵ˵߰ɣԽԻᴦȥ캮Һ
û˵Զսȥ
һ죬Ҳ֪ϴʹôˣǧ𴫵򡣡֮ǰԼһۼ㰵ΪţȽϺãͽĵصΧһڵͼ½ǣԼľۼֻܽʱ㵽ˡ
֮⣬һ죬ҲûϤ֮ˣЩ
ģǲµġһȫɢǿϢļ򣬵ԶսѾΣʤҪϵĸۼ㣬Ҫʱ䣬ҲпľۼҲ˵塣
ʱ䵽ˣǻûһɣȻҲܱ֤һƽ£Ҳսѡ
۷壬ҲǸǵһ٣ֻжʮѧԺûˣ٣ۼ㣬Ҳֻһˡ
Ȼ֮ǰû˵ҲǸǵľ٣ֻʱŵһЩìܣԲûã˱
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ˡͻȻһ𶯣õ˶ɫ΢䡣
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Сĵ㣬һվұ󡣡վһؿŰһΣգܣ
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ǹġΪѾס١
Χ˵ĹôʵǺǿصҲмʮˣþ°ɣ
ΧĹʵֻ˵󲿷ʱ䣬ʱҲǿĹȺĻδ˵꣬һʧӰ
ˣдĹˡ
û˿ããһƬùѾ˵֮С
öá
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أֹͷӾȻ·


211 ֮
ûϢȻһȺֻʵ׷Ӵܡ
ٶȺÿӴ
о棬ҲвмгȫûнЩ÷УȻ٣ʵ̫һԶԸϰ٣οǻʮˡ
ӳѧȴû˵ĳǰһûͣԶɱȥ
ֻ·֮ʣȴһĨЦ
ȻǳһȴЦǣ
ԡΪһ٣Ҳ۲΢˶Էеĳɫһ䣬ǼŪģ϶
׷ѧɶԷٶ̫죬ȫʵֳܱٶȣôһգ۵Ĺ֮ܵ⡣
Сһ㣬ԾܡĻδ˵꣬㴫ѧľ
쿴ʲô
ľӣôоӡ
ԣǲǾӣǽʬҶһЩĽʬ
δ˷Ӧһ󾪺ãǱΧˡ
ģôôãǧɣ滹ôʬ
һӻһѧվţǶǵ۹ѧԺľӢЩȻ࣬ʵ̫ЩʬǿҲǸ塣
һȶһ㣬ЩûмѪѧ˵ͻȻôȺĹȷʵ̼ǵ񾭣ЩһνѧųȺվǰȷʵҲ˵ġ
ͬѧǣɱǵ۹ѧԺ硣ѧҲٳɣһȣͳ˳ȥ
ɱ
ѧھ֮ǰľ֮Ҳȶ׷һͳȥ
Сһ㡣ŰһͺӰ磬嵽һùǰһӣ㽫Դ
ҲʾڷԣѰ䵶һһùϵĹͷ
ϧù˲ͬǵһԴоۼԹϵĹͷ˶ҲûκӰ죬ڲ֪֮£һצץ˹õӦ
ݡһãһùֵԴһΪצҲڰǰһɢȥ
л硣ŷһлг¡
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˵ţɨһѧЩһνѧ밢һ˵˻Щˡ
㶼ԴϣǵԴط˲ǡ
һһʱ֮䣬ͷɣϾֻʵùЩʵѧ̫Զ
Ƭ̣ùֱɱʱùֺĽʬҲ˽Ӵˡ
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223 ֵܻ
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ߡԼѧԽѸȥԱΪ׵ѧȴȫûжһ
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֪ӰͻȻַĴЦΰɣǶŸɣǣǵļ壬ʤм嶼øᡣ
ЦӰһߣճǹ˹

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ãһ֣ӰûзӦͷһ£һ̣ǰȻͣ£һѪͷ죬ƬһΪĵȥ
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һĵһ˫ǹһһԲ̣Ӱж
һ¼˫ǹƷﶫ٣ʯǧ飬мʯ˰ٿ飬߼ʯٶ飬¼ʯֻʮ飬⻹кüƿװŵҩƿȼͣ⻹Щ߰Ķ
ȻЩС߼ʯ͵ҩõģԼҸͲóôණЩ춼ô⣬ֻǵǸԲʱɫȴ΢΢һ
ôˣʵԲʲôô
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Ҳûп봢ȻԲʵʲôã
̣һ̣֮Уҵ󷨵ģӶӳȥֻʦơ͵
˫һǵõʲôһ㣬ȻƵĿ졣
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ðٷֶʮĻͿսңҲ޻˵һˣǿɱҡһаȵЦȻѧ㣬ҲҴ˶٣һǵֻҪ췹ʦҲᷴԡ
㡭ͨ죬ŵ˺üðŭɫǣɫǡ
ǶҵġһЦҲܵǰĶӰȣĶ͵öã߼ʯһǧ飬мʯǧ飬÷ƷʮװһлԶս
ЩԭһЩģ뻹Ƿˣô˵һʵֲĵ۹ѧԺȴʲôûУҪЩ
컹Ǹȳȥ֮󣬱㽫սԼ֮ǰõһսһ¼һø
Ҳû˵ʲôϾһ˻ɱģܽЩԶսѾǳˡ
ô죿ߵ캮Һǰǿĺ֮£嶼̲סһ¡
ҹô죿һۣͨһ˽ȥȻ֮壬ڽ캮Һص˲䣬ȫҲһĺһ
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ôһŮû뵽Ȼô³ҡҡͷȻŮ£һʲô˵䣬Ҳͨһ˽ȥ
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242 
캮ҺȻ鴫½͵öɱˡ첻ҳɣϽսһߵֵ⣬һЩ塣
ƤƤһǿսֵѹƤ֮󣬱Ǽ⣬Ŀ֮£⼸ǱһĴţָֺЩصĵطҲȫǿ֮ǰ
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˾ô캮УܲκεͺǱһ㣬Ǻ紵棬ȫûһ㶯
ʱôһĹȥȫ֮Уûעʱ䡣
һƬƽԴ֮ϣһ˷ܵЦȻڵƽԭԶʮ֮ⶼ
ڿԿصˡȫһСһ㣬ƽԸ˷ֱԼģ֮ǰǹģ֮䲻ı仯ţòֺ
˺һǾˣȫһԶȥҺˣııҲ֪ôˣñǳȥ鴫ȥ
˵䣬ȫӰһΪһ⣬Զȥ

֮⣬Ǵ˷Цɫһ䣬һԱߵĶӢܣСģ׼ս
£߶սעܣһٴеģǶӢܡ־Լȸȫɢܣʱ׼ӭͷʹ
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־Ҳٽһﵽ˶лٵĽûнҲһЩϵջ񣬱ϾǿЩһ
ʼټ϶ȫһֱԱ߱ţһ·ĹȫǻɱƷȻЩ˴ͷÿ˶ֵһݣ˵ҲøƽʱЩһ𶼲ܡ
һӰԶһͶӢ˱û˵һŭȥɱ
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Щӵĸǿս֪ȷˣ˵ϻֻԼڱһֵˣٲϻֱӳ֡
ӢܣȺСʲô췴ɡһɱڵӣȫ֪ҪʲôϽȵ
ӰȻͣ£Ƕȫһ
ԭС壬ôӢܸϽǰôûпֵǣ
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ǰӢܵһֱϮǣһס˳ڣ֮ǰǵʵУҳȥҺͻƵʣҲͻƵ˾Ǵƴһѡ
Ҿͺһ𡣡ȫͷ
֣ʵôҶͻȻɻʵѵʵѾˣ
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243 ɱԽ
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ϴô˵Ҫôôǿʵû˵
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㣬Ҳ⣬ͬҪ㡣Ц밢û˵ֻ¶ɱؿԽ塣
ҪңԽһЦƾ
ԣƾˡ
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һΣѪŷ˰һǸû⣬һЦؿԽȥ
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Խı˱ֳʵ̼ˣҪ֪ղ˿ԽţҲҪһֽŲܽɱ
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ɱ
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ֵܾɱԼҵӵܸ͵סǣƬ̱㱻ɱȥ룬ֻڰµУȫһɱ
ܣܡһԼӵܽ£Խ峹׵ɵӣŸǺغ𣬸ɱǣɱǡ
һֱɴ֣ЩУһǿϰԵĽ֣Ǹǿȵս֮£ҲͻƵһʡ
ﻹ˭ܵסֵܣҲΨһˡ


244 Ľ
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ҲҵѵǼҵЩ϶ȫԽĶܵø졣
үͳǻǿţǶԼô죿һĵʵ
ڹܲôˡֵܶʸ֣ǸǰȴǶʣǣֻ·һ
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ҪأһƮƮԽһ̣Ѿǰ
ȥԽһӣһƬŰȥ
ն
СϷһһͺ

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˵ţֿ캮е죬ߺߵС쵰ôʰ㣬СڿǶʣͷ
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֮ϵĺ飬캮һԾ䵽ԡ
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ԭͽѵһ٣뵽֮ǰĿֲʵ˶캮һǵʵ϶Ҳ١
̫࣬ûʮİմùǾ͵´ΣʵûǶ٣ǾͺݺݵĽѵһ٣ж
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쵨Ϊ֪ģ֮ǰңڹ㳡ɱʮ۹ѧԺѧ־ٶҲûз룬Ҳĵ۹ѧԺıȴƫƫˡ
ǻˣ浨Ķʲô飬ǿô죿Ŀ֪ģҪȻ֮ǰ촳ƼʱҲҸȥ
ʱ˵Ǹ죬˳ȢҪĻ쵰Ķˡ
ѧ˽Ū׶Էʵʮٶ֡
ǲŪҵʵ֮ýѵһ٣һЦؿõһ죬ŭ쵰˼ҹһ»飬ȥɡǶĿȴе뷨
һңһЦǾͶлѧˣѾˡ
ʲôĿɿڴؿôܣ֮ǰôһǣ
ʣΪʲôЦӾҪöࡣ
⡭ҲǣȻƱ٣߱ʵͬһʣͨ츳ٺһҲһ꣬һǣһ㼸¡
ﻹ˵츳ãҿҲһȻҶ硣һؿ죬ȴֻ֪֮ʵΪ캮ҺҲʶ
ʶǿȶһʦ˵̫Ҫ󲿷ݵʶʶ֮Լʵ
ѧ֮壬һͨôܸϵ㡣ǺһЦûн硣
˵ţ캮أȻΪǵ캮ҺѾʧ˾ųɣ滹һЩ


245 ȫǷ
ǲöҲװߣʵ
Ҫ˵캮Һŵرγɲףһȡ꣬ԺҲ캮ҺˣʣµţǾͻ᲻ؼĺֽ֮캮ҺʱЩѧҲȡ
ҲԡͷĵرΪǶʧȷʵ̫ϧ
쵽رԶսʱˣ߰ɡ˵һ˻Ϊ⣬Զս֮ȥ
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ʤʵԶ֪ôһ㣬Լ˶ʵʤţëÿһЩж١
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ʣµ˱Ͼܾۼһɽɶʮפأʣһʧ
˭뵽һ֣ҵı㱩¶ôҲ˷Ѹǵ˸ɱ˲١
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δ˵꣬ϵͻȻǱ˹
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áȫɫһ䣬ףƴȻԱʹ˳
ԱǿϸֲſʹõģתΧǿ壬ȻٽڵһͷųϸǿĹκս
ԱǿΪۣǵ˱֮Ҫƴͬھʹá
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Ҫ֪ʵԱԲһȫһԱȫλģ㶼ûط
Աƣ˵ӢܺˣǶȫսʮ꣬ҲûۼһĻ¼ʬɽѪҲһ£˵һֱѧԺеͶӢˡ
ۿѾȫһȣȻһ䣬һߴףͷ˫ǣ֫צȫɫۼ׵Ĺ
մԱ֮зӦĶӢͻȻֶȫֱһһһǵ񾭶ܲסٴαĿɿڴͺһжһ㡣
ȫȴûдһ˶ӢˣĻǿֲ֮¡
䡭
ڷɵȫ״ҲܲסȻըһɿֲ籩ʶڶȫϣǧףµĶӢȻĻ¡
籩ɢȫȴһȫѪ
붫Ӣ˵öȫжŴǿڵĶȫʱҲʵһ
ʱĶȫͲˣǲȫĽɫۼף֫Ǽⳤצӣͷϵ˫ǣһһ
ʱǰȴϵۼȫֻʣһƬѪģ˰Ƥһ㣬Ѫ
һ£ӢͻȻߵȫǰóһƿҩιһڶȫȻóҩ飬ȫϡ
ŶӢܵľٶҲ߹ȥóԼĵҩæ
˶ĬĬһֱﶫȫϵȫҩӢſΪʲô㲻ô
ΪʲôҪʵ
ΪС壬ȻҲ֪ôӵģ֪ղңƾһ㣬ԶС壬ʲôӢص
ղҲȹһѾˡЦɲһ֮ˣһҾǷһҿɲʲô
ţӢ¶һĨЦݡ
°ɣ˶ȫһۣĵʵ
ۼ׿ȣȻڿ˺أΣӢ˵ţȫϵۼף֪ΪʲôҿЩۼףһĪиС
ҲΪĳǿɡЦ߳ɱΣأʱпܱɱ˭һǿֶ
ǣָоӢҡҡͷһɻصַѪиС
һɻؿŶӢܣӢܿЦһҲ֪ʲôԭҲСԭɣ
˵ţɫ΢΢һ䣬͵վȫ󣬿ЩɱӵܣվסСˣܴţǱˣҵ·֮ѾȥϢȥ
Ҳ͵վȥ
λү˲ٳɣתڷɱȥֻж־ûߣ˹
ǲû߼ӢܵٴδҲһȥҲ֪ôˣҲһ֣ûȥæ˾Ϳԡ
Сû°ɣ붫Ӣ֮ͬˣҲжȫС壬ȻСҲһʸеģֻһеٮٮ߲ʸ
ڣ£ȥɡӢᶨص
ͷת뿪һ˾ҵľҲת뿪־ڿһֿһ۱ǵĶȫһĨɻ󣬲Ҳûʣתˡ
˶ˣӢܶЦһΪ붫ȫСʶҸղŶȫȹһ¶ȫɹҲܵˣ˿ɾδܽˡ
һñ֪Ϣȥǿɾͳ˴鷳
ô죿򶫷ȫ


248 С˵־
ҸصĵطСѹ˵ɡȫЦСӣǿɲҳȥ
ðɡͷǱһɽǾ͵ȥɡ
ҺöӢ˶ʸ֣Զͨ˿ɱȣŽĶȫ̧ɽ
˸߰ʱӰ㼲·ղŶȫǴ֮ʱͻȻͣ
֣ôһ֮أͺֵһüͷһ壬ɨһۣһɻ
ҲоҲ΢΢һͷžһ򶷣ӿսӦˣȫʸ֣νԶսֵֹܵõԵʵǣͬѧҲõԵΪʡ
˵ţֻӰһɳףڵץһɳţɫһ䣬ϴ󣬿
ôˣԣָŵϵɳѪǸеǹиоǴﴫġ
ԣҲץһɳһ£ɫ΢΢һȷʵˣиѪ֮ǹģӦ˵õһˡ
ӦûûԶңһҪҵ˭ǵõһĻԵ
һĨɱ֮ˣɱˣɳԺԻΪ˵Ĵ󻼡
ɢԲϸѲһ飬ʱ֮󣬰һɽҪҵˡ
֣Щʸ֣Ϣǿ᲻Ǳɱ˵ͬɽһصؿŶӢܣʱȫȻû
пܡӢܵ˵ǽˣ֮ǰֵɱһˣֱǹɱһˣֱɱһˣӦûʣˡ
ԣϵĶȫˣΣʱǸͻȻܳǣҵʱ;ЩϤԭǶ֣ʱ϶֪Թġ
ӦӢܵͷϣǲĳˣС䵽ϡ
˾ƴˡĿռ䲻󣬶˵ֻҪǸҽͬھ
áӢܵǵʱ͸ƴˡ
ɽ⡣
ϴҾˣҪҵǸ˾档վڶڣ滹ʸ֡
Ҳоˡ˵ϢһЩǲųΪʣһѧԺǼǲ֪
Ӧòǵˡ˼һµֻȻһֱûҵӰ֮ǰȴˣˣһ·ܵǰ档
ֻҪǵ˾ͺáһͷɽ֪λͬѧֵܣǰһֱ뻤һ𡣡
Ȼ溰ŻǱ㹻ľ裬ûм߽ȥһʱ׼սһ
ֵܣ˫һֵ֪Ȼûȴ֪ĸࡣ
һۻδָ̬ĶȫӢܵȻǵˣСȴǿȥǴ߰ɡ
ԭֵܣǶӢܣҲͳӢܺһȥڣ˫һ棬ԷʣжһĨ죬ǶӢˣֵܵĿһ㡣
ǿǸǰ춼ûķӦ
ֵǿҲһӱǵʣǣаʱֻǶǶʵζʵǣٴﵽʣһ󼶱
һһ󼶱˵ȥһ۹ˡ
ð죬ŻعЩԼ֪򰢷ʵλڵʵ
ҺͰһһʡǺЦĻһûŵڵأȻ֮ǰѾܵˣҲһӾܽܵġ
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䡭
һģҪǶӢܷӦһѽסʱˤڵˡ
ʣһ´Ӷﵽ˶ʣһ͵ؿŶӢܵûɣ
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𾪵ı飬ܣ˶ģҲ⣬վĺٺֱЦ
С˵־ûÿĵһ۰
ҾС˵־ĵ
ûˣ򶫷ӢܵӦûһ˰ɣ֪˭


249 ѧ˰
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ģֻҪ֮ˣǲġüͷһ壬õһЩԶҩЧܺã˵԰һ
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Ӣʱɫ䣬תҪɽ׷ȴ밢밢˶һǵǰ
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ӢҪ˵֮ʣɽﴫϴܼһһ˿˷ܺͲ졣
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ǡ
һϣ˵Ĺ밢˶Ĵ˫ۣһ𾪡
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ϴǱһֻۼ׵ɫͬ𾪵ĵ
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ȻʵΪǿ󣬷ҲǿϺܶ౶ģȫЦ
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ϼʶ㣬һ֪ԭǻȥӢܵ
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Եһ׹Ȼ֣һԱһŮ֡
ѧ㣬ѾȫˣԷſ˰ɣԼЦ
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صı飬ţɫһ䣬ܱΪǿģٶʵģ첻˽š
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еģϢңѪ˿ȥʮ꣬ͲѧԺѧʵǴﵽʼȻԼҴ֮һ
һʿĽ׷ͺɱ֮һ㣬ʿʵҲ𾪲ѣȻѾﵽ۷塣
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үô죿һ˵ԼҵȫɱˣӰˣԼҵļƻѾʧܣǽԵ۹Ĵ˵棬ſǻѾûһǰ;ˣȥ·һ
û˵ֻؿųڣվһ񣬸ûһ˿ı顣
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ԴҲɵӣ⿿ԼҵԺΪʤ֮ʣҲһܣǱңֻ֣ſһ˿ķ֮
ھţֻҪʤˣʱԼԶս㲻ΪǣΪӰԼҲһʱ俪ԶսѰңʱǾͿԳûȥ
үԶսɷϰ꣬ʶͻܵӰ졣һڲǽʧȥʶΪֻ֪ɱ¾Ĺ


251 ѧԺ
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һʱ䣬ҲϮСҪôͶǣҪôͱţǸɳǰǡ
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253 ͼϢ
СڿɶǶˣҲһ֣һôҪһȥ
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⡭ºúѿȴû˵ʲôѡΣ˭Ƕʮ˴ʤǰȥֻ˳ҪǽƴŰһ£ˡ
ģҲµġһˡ
һѻΪһ⣬ѧԺȥ
Ѿͷôһ㶫׼¼ᶼˣӰѲ
ѧԺŴһۣС쵰ôˣܵҲ̫˰ɣ죬Ҳӹҵġ
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۶ΤСԺС
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ղʱһԺѧΤ첻ѣҪ֪ԺЩѧ֮ӣǿɲס
ֻҪġΤЦΪѧԺ̫ϣ˸ͽȥΪϵ㣬Ҳò淢չһЩԼˡ
šͷɫصôʲô£Ǽʲô˰ɣ
ΤֵûУһаãϴϮ֮󣬼ͽ˶ڼֻ֮м˴񣬶϶пռŲһǿУǱ뿪Σա
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ԣΤֵʮǰյϢֵ۹̻̻յôһͼһ֮Ϊ鼸֣Ǻܿͼ˴Ǳܱ߼Ҳ˴
˵ţΤֽһŹֵ۹ø죬ǿһۣϳԼҪҵͼ
ڱصá˫ȭա
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ƶһǳ֮ˣվˣȻǽǸҲǵŭʱԪҪܵطҲҪܵشŶ㣬Ͻվȥ
һ֪ȥ˹֣Ҿڵ۶Ի֣һʵɶҡ
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Ҿ֪ѡ񡣡ΤֽùһӺһЩϵݸЩΪ׼õĶйָϸϣһǧɾգڻаʱ䣬ӵץʱˡ
лù쿴һϣ㽫ý֮УֻǸ򿪣óһƤ
һۣ콫ϣֻذ˼£ձȫƤһȫ˿ԭ㻹еڵףһӱͱһװ׾Ŀӡ
صͷ޵ǧɾȻ鴫
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ǧɾĲɻܶҴС㶼⵽Ĺ٣˵ԼһλϵŮǰ⵽Ĺ٣νǺ֮ǡ
ǧɾȻʵǿֻǾȴһܸ֮ǳ˵ã˸Ҳֻǲ֪Τôҵߡ
עⶢңǹǸһĸҲڣ֪ͨԺΤֵͷˣˣҲСһ㡣ӰһѾʧ


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001 ǺÿҪ
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֣ⶼ죬ҲûҿһȻȥˡصǷģ֮йضֵҾԲ˵֡
ȫ붫ӢܶһۣȫЦǶһ𳤴ģôô֪Ϊˣʱ䶼ˣҲںôһʱ䡣
ѵͲ֪ôΪʲôģ֮ǰѾ֪ͨƼңǲᵣĵġ
֣㡭һЦҡҡͷֻ
ҲףȫɹͶʵ̫أϾȫɹ֮󣬲ʵǣǲۼ׵ķǲ˼飬º󻹿ԱΣûʲôӰ죬һơ
һ֪֪ж˻⣬õַڶȫǿʱҲû
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ʲôõƼҴүơЦǴĿɨһ۶ȫ붫ӢܣصͷջСȻﵽʡ
ŶĿ⿴ֵʱɫһ䣬ޱ𾪵صջӦȻﵽʡ
ϡ
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ϣɱһֻʵǳǿĻǣҵһѪĹͷҵָǹͷҵ壬ȻҵѪ֮оͶһɺҲӡ
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ϣôˣϵı仯ӢҲŵòᣬԪȻΪϣȴǳ˳ͣôǻûп˷ŭ
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һԪ϶̲סһĨЦҶоİԵļ壿
ش𣬶ԪȻȥɣ㲻˵ڶȫΪʲôӣȻ㿴ˣʵʱһὫеԭ㡣
лϡһŶԪһ˳ȥһֱ߳ҵĴţͻȻеԼĺ󱳶һƬȻ֪Զҵһֱ磬ôȻЩġ
Ͼ˶һֱȫһҲˣ˭Ҳ֪Ϊ˱סȫܣ᲻ˡ
ڶԪǾ仰ȴɻѡѵǰ֪ΪʲôⶫҹȻ縸˵ޱأ
߳ţԪֵֿܣЦѴԶսʱڸǣڵʵҲˣܹﵽܶæˣ
ֵܶһۣǲ֪˱ԭ򣿡
ǶɵӣԪȴô뿪ΪҲ֪ȫԭ
ǴӶԪбء
֪޹أȤȵ˺ʵʱһǵġԪɫص
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002 ȼ
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ôܣôҲˡ˾侪öȫ붫Ӣ˲˾һ㣬ֵܡ
ð죬ӢܲԵѹ֣ѹֵʱսܰСˣǵսȴС
úáǰȫۼףžͿֲĹԪҲѹƲסе˷ܣһ˵˺üá
ҵšԪ˵һתţƬ㴫ϵгκ˲õ󣬷ϳ֮λ
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̣ϵ㾪иǳ˾ϲԣ˫ǣ̣
г϶Ŀ⿴˵ͷϣһ϶ȫϸǼݺᡣ

ڵȵһˣڵȵһˡ
ĻˣĶˡ
ˣȻûЩʵˡ
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˵䣬ȻŰȥٶȴŵøϽԱߡ
߳ϣôˣʲôȫޱ𾪵ĵ߳ƽʱڼڳΪ֮кܶ˶û뵽ȻŰ
ߣڸ֪Щ顣ǰ߳ϷСһʲô֪ˡ
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ҽ°ҵĵܵܣ°°ǿǸǵСӳԪ˧ġ
úãҴˣ˵ˡԪϽǸǰߵİЦǻǱΰɣⷿӿɲʵҵ߼ⷿӾҪˡ
ʵҾָߴĸоܺãֻû뵽Ԫ˧˸ǣǾȻб˽ң޸Ӷ͵ϣµȼԪ˧һҪٱ̾ϢǸǵķӺãôս̣Ū
ڰ˵ԪֻñԿЦֻǰͨ˵ı׼ģһͨ˲Ŷأһ·Ͳᷢʲô졣
ɰǼ߾ͳףؽǧ·ʲôܵס
˱ģȫüͷʵϣƺкܶණǣ
ʱֹȫӢҲüͷһɻؿŴǡ
²ǹҪǣˣֻгϺͼŻ֪ҶܣҲΪʲôʤԭ򡣡Ԫ¶Ҷ̫ҪˣŪþ͵壬½ǲòǡ
ܸôȫʵӴϺڳϵıп¾Сɡ
ԣõȼЩӾȥ󿴿ɣһЩ½ءԪŤͷϵ϶ٶ죬ǣ¸߼ּ񡣡
ǡӦһӰһѾʧ˵С


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Ʒ嵥һݡһѽ𿨸ԱͫٸһµȰ䣬ٸûС
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005 
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006 ռŲʧЧ
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ҳǧİٳʯСͲҪˣҲ˷ʯ
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ģҾԸСԵúˬ죬һֺеĸо
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С˭Ҳ̫ˣȻں̻ͳ֣Ҳ̫ǺӼС
򱻱ϣϽ֪ͨ档
ΧСˡ
ԶԣСˣֻҪ֣ͲΥ̻Ĺء
ԭЩڰĸ֮һʱ֮ȫ˳Ŷµʵʵ
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ʤ˸ҵĵӵĶΪǶ̲ͨʤ̲֮۹ѧԺ
ϧ۹ѧԺҲһ㣬ȻƽʱǸܵ۹飬ֻҪ۹ʱҲ֡
õǺüζܴɣϴιֽʤûж֣ҲΪ۹ѧԺԭ
ߣξֻܵҪסԺҽŵĵӱܽԶսȡԴԽӼΪֵİԶɴȥ
˭ͻȻ˴򿪣ŭ죬һһץԼָ죺ʲô
֪ߵغСѾͷ㲻֪ж˶ˣٲ͵űгƬɡŭȵ˵䣬ϵոȡ£¶Ŀ
С쵰һ죬˫һصҪĶѾҵˣһǱ͸ҵģҪҰɣ˵Сһˣ͸ˣ
ͷȻ⡣ǵı飬ˣߵߣóռŲ
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ҸղѾ˵ġ˵ţɫ͵һ䣬ҲӦΣһѾͽ˻УͬʱһսҲעռŲС
űǿײһȺɷĳ˽Ϊ׵ǻϣǵĽҲҪ
죿죬һ£Ȼǵһμ죬ĻǺͼҲεļͷ
ãʹռŲҪӣֹǡһ˽µãͼɫ͵һ䣬ԱߵĺָǽȭͷΪһӰȥ

һͺȣźֵȭͷһȭȥ
䡭ȭȭԣɫһ䣬Ȼ˰벽ȻС죬һ
һŭ𣬻ȭͷҪٳ֣ʱĿռŲѾȫֻϸһĨЦһ̣һᣬѾʧԭء
׹һٴγ֣ɿǰϤһУɫ쳣ѿ
ʱǰһŹֵĺӣһЦؿǺγһ޴Ĺ֣Ѿ̻֡
ʶֻ΢һɨ㷢Ǹֽ˴ռȫҲʹʹÿռŲʧܵԭ
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007 Ҹô
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ߴ̻һˣ£Щμ˴඼û뿪ܶ˶档
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ץס̻ġ쳣գָ
Сӣȥ
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ŭ죬㹥ȥ
ռŲˣƴˡ쿴ɫҰףĿ͵û뵽ջ޷Ǿ׽Ūһѡ
ϾͨŮܿ㷴ӦԲ𡣡
£ѳ˳ȥ
ѩ졣
˪һ裬Χ¶Ȼͽõ˾һ㣬ѩͷƮƮ¡
ݡ
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ЩֵĽҲ˲鷳Ŀһת˻ϡ
졣
ӰǰΪȻΪһϵŻϱ˹
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һȫɢŽӰͻȻڰ·ϡ
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һתƽϡ
һʹ³һԥȥİɫ壬հ㣬һα㵽˻ϵǰ
ݡ
һƽ϶紦ɫ쳣ѿΪĽվȱݣʹҲҲΪʲô֪ԪĽվֺ֮󣬻ḶôĴ޼ֽһصԭ
磬β׵ԼıǵһܵƳǵĽ֮

һŭȣһȭƽ
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վȣֳı챳ľһȭ
׼Ժֳ֮ʣǰӰһҲǰҪǣʸҲ˹Ȼǻûг嵽ǰȴܵĵطûС
һĨݾȻһתỪϣƽһߣֱϮֶ紦
ʦСġϼƲϽѣַӦҲ죬Ȼˡ
ܵ𣿡ϸһĨЦٶʹӰһںֵǰƽһ̶
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ݡ
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û˿ƽһ̶룬ûһ롣

ַһֲŭһ̣ϽһѺۣϢټ
ʦܡ
һŭȭͷݺݵĺ죬ʱڻɱ֮󣬸ûʱٶܣϸ˸š
䡭
һߵķݣɳȥ
񡭡
ȻأһѪˣԱʶսҲɫ䣬׿֣嵽ԡ
С쵰ôˣҰһѽ챧סߵ飬µ
ѧ㣬û¡¶һĨЦǻɱһ˵㣬ǲٴȥˣΧʮʸûг֣ҸоʹкüǿϢʵʵﵽʵĸ֣ǸǶ֡
ҸôҲ֪ΣϽʵ


008 ӳ
ǣסǣ취ȥǸеĺӷƻƻ취ȡ֮˵£һԾ𣬳˻ϡ
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ͷȻһƬƣƷжһڶ洫һ֮һ̣һͷΪһڹ⣬һ
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һܸܵǺĿֲ֮Ҳ˲죬ӰһȻˡ
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پ졣
Ʋˣнӡٶȱ仯
ܵΧ¶ԿֲٶΧȫǾֵĿ֮£ͻأǣȼգϷŴ󣬱һȻ໥㼯һڰγƬơ
һʱ֮䣬˾ڻ¯֮һ㣬ϵ·ȼ
ģСӵ˭ôôֲֶΡ˾ʧ룬һЩ˼ƲѾѸȥоͰһǵʸ֡
ɱҲǵľս֪Ҳ˽⣬ֲ֪֮һϵƣ֪
ɱ
ػ̻ʳ˫˹ȥ̻֣õ̻ΪһƬ棬ǰμ˸˲أӼҵһĴ
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ѧ㡣һͺ𣬿ųӼʺȥ
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ͬʱڵ棬һһɿֲ籩ʶ˲Ӽϡ
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ԣ㽫ûʣټվԭʵһҲеһƴֻҪУԵƬ̣Ӽҵĸ־ͻᵽʱͲѷɡ
ϵ뷨Ǻõģ𾪵ǣ֮Ȼڰһת׷˹
ʲôȻܹʶƹתƷôܣ
һٶŵȫ亹ֱðԱ߹ۿҲǹĴ۾һľ
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ͬʱڽɫ֮£һ㲻ϵĲƬ̱Ҳܲסʣһ

һӱɣһͭƤǣǻ֮УҲʹĲҽС
ΪĻԶûоʹ˰ݣǾһ㣬ʣŽħеһɫһףѸȥһֱ˳ףͣ¡
ݡ
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λȻҲĽվԶûдﵽ̶ֳȣʵ̫󣬽һֱӾͽָ
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ȥ
˪һǰ㣬Ǹ


009 Ҫ
ꡭ
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ȭһֱϮţɴʱֻؿ
ȥɡ
һȻڻϱ𣬽űһĽãϮãϮطβ׵ȥһУɡ
һѾоԷĳֱ죬Ȳϣһһ塣

ϺǲʣΪ˱ֻ÷һȭǿԱһ㣬ܿ㡣
ϡ
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ҷͣ˭ɱһǧ¼ʯƷȫС
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ǧİʯҽŻõóһԴ֮óһǰʣùͼպãתǱɱĺʬԣ䱧ųȥ
ôߵĶԼһҪǿƽʱҲʵͽˡŻԶȥıӰӼҵЦ
һƬС֮У쿴һΧֲûʲôΣգһ㣬һƨ˵ϡ
Բ𡣡ƣģ˫ۺᣬܡ
һжȥˣֻǿϧûܵõŲͼ̾ϢһˣҲ޿κΣܲܽһ٣һٰɣҲõŲͼ
ԲҪңͼһˡ죬ʱûƽʱĵֻһھΡ
ˡ˰֣ѧ㣬ôˣǵжǷǳΣյġ
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Ҫһ£ѾţͲһˡ
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010 
Ұĺ¸ƻˡüͷһ𣬾׼οʱͻȻڵҲûлᣡ
л᣿˫һһ
ǵģǻлᡣЦǲ̻ˣɱ˲ˣкܶ඼ģȻǵıҲԶӼңôں̻ᣬӼҾͱ븺𡣡
ǸҲҲͻˣԺ˭ᣬ˵ô鷳ǺӼҲܲǱ⳥
ͼӼ⳥ʲôϵأɻ
밡һ⳥ЩˣȥĲٶ֣һںӼִҲ󣬵һȴǷǳȫܹһ塣
ǵ⳥϶ֹڽô򵥣ϾһҪһ̫ѣЩҲͬ⳥ǽҵġ
ҩʯ϶ٲ˵ģһóô൤ҩʯǺӼҲԳܲסЩʧǿ϶ñ˳е
֮ǰϣѾͼ£ǧİʯȻȷʵ󣬵һͼļֵҲǧǧʯѣڼֵѾһ룬ܻǷԸͼӼҶ϶ǿ¡
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ͷӣôͻ˰ȫŶԴɣһľϲ
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ȫٵվһתѪ֮ǹ㿪ʼ仯
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뿪֮ʱǸմﵽû뵽ż£ǶһǿˡֵܣԴɺοصûжҸǵ
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һڿܲˡԴɺǺЦȻԱһ¡
Ԫ˧һԴȴ˰֣һһǣ˵ҲõСһĴУҿ
ǣ˹һתѪ֮ɫãһڶԴɼ֮бɶȫһ
˫ǣȻԴɼ÷һĴЦͺҪĵ׵ѹȫͷų


011 
СܣԺҶҿɾȫˡһЦؿŶȫһҪҶһָǿʢЩ֮ȫɱ
磬Уɱ͵ȫҡͷ
ģ岻ֻҪԼСԴЦԵޱȵˬ죬õöȫ첻ѣļУԴɿɴˬ
Ԫ˧֮ǰ˵󣬾ͻὫܸǣ֪ڿɷǡһڴؿŶԴɣӵ˵Щ͸оһǲ֪ܡ
Ȼû⡣ԴɵȰ֮ٸ˵һɣ˵ÿһ仰һֶҪ©
û⡣ͷ֮˵Դϸһ顣
˵˵ϴ׵ʽԴɫʵ
˵Ŀʤʽ࣬ɫͼҲͬȹһʹȭһͷͷ
ñһǱ֮һģһͷֻһǡ
Ԫһɳ߽ŶԴɵЩҺλϽйԶս²鿴һ顣
긺ΧɱħӵΪ˳ɱħܹһǧħİ˰ɱûһӵһսʧʮʧһʮ򡣡
˧ǿʧһٰʮˣʧǧˣֵ˵ףӦһ˧ǿߡ
ĴѪ֮ǳŨǴﵽ˧ǿߣǶͬѪ֮ӦҲǳǿȻ˵ֵӦô϶ǸܵǵѪ֮ж֮ͬˣӦò
ŴϵĻʲôħ壬ȫֵܶԣһɻ
ϣħʲôԭ´ϣȴԱߵİֹˡ
֪źܶɻ󣬼Ȼ֤ʵǵû⣬һὫһжġԴɶŰһЦǸ
ŶԴɳţŶȥһ·֮ϣԽԽ٣ȴ֣ȻˣΧȴһЩǿ޵Ϣǡ
ԽԽƧ֮ȥȫɫȴԽأΪǼĽأô󣬻ûнȥһΣ˵Ǽһչ֮
һֱߵһСɽǰһ׷ͻأǰŶԴɹ˹ֵ֪ôΪΣĿ⿴ֵܣһˣ
ݼ̫ϳϡԴһ񣬼صԴɽմڡ
ڣɫһ䣬Ŀһӱ罣˭Ѫˣ
ȮӶȫԼСֵܣǽԶսõĳϣѪѡԴɿˣ壬̫ϳϿ
ǡ˴ӦһתѪ֮ٴαǸģ
˵ģȫһȻԾϰݼλͻȻ˹ͻȻ֮䣬뵽ʲôɫһ䣺Ծϰݼ
ߵľٶȫֵܶһϽԱ߶ȥȻȫ֪ǰλ˭ȴףүүϵǰ˳ͷܵ
̫ϳϿڻʲô֪ԴɸϽǰ߷ǵѪ֮Ѿѣ֪һУҲŴ
ӦõģӦõġԾϼͷԱһƽʯͷϴӡ
䡭һСɽмһΪ¶һص
ǡصȫޱ𾪵ؿ򶫷磬ʲôʱһصô֪
֪Խ࣬ҲԽ󣬸ײܼΣԺܶ鶼ûи㡣ЦȻѪ֮ѣһж֪ЩҲȫеԺҾɶˡ
ͨʯһֱ¶ȥߵźܶ򶷵ıڻߵ棬һɹϲɣϢ˵һԶŵĹ¡
ʯף߹һͨһڴ֮Уλ뷢԰׵ţȫϢȻһεѹ
λ̫ϳϡԴɶ˹һԴɽȮڡ
λ߿һۻڱ״̬ĶȫԼֵܣЩصܺãܺá
ֻλԱһƣʯͻȻ򿪣¶һ޴ʯңԴٴζһ񣬴˽С


012 Զأһ
һʯңʯȻϣʯʮöҹ飬ʯյ硣
ɿʯ֮еһУȫֵͫһж¶𾪵ı顣
ʯ֮вûкܶණֻǰһ̨ڹ̨֮żֻ⼸̫ڳ
ǰм䣬һеģòĿ֮һɰɫꡣ
һ֮һŰ񣬲Ƕ࣬ĸ붫ȫǱ֮ȫһĹ
ұĸǾڵľΪǶӴĳצҲֻצ
ūԴɴڳϰݼˡԴɶ񹧾عȥͬʱҵһɳԼҲ
ǶˣȫֵҲæָȴǾκˣΪղŶԴɹʱȻԳū
ūֻЩ˶˵ĳƺԴʤĴ֮һļȻԳū굽Ǻε
˿˼ͷվȫ֣׺ڳվ⽫ͷ¡
˶ȫֵһۣԴһЦص֪źܶɻ󣬽һὫɻȫ⿪
һ£Դɵ»Ҫǰ˵𣬵ոƿ½ã涼Զڷѧ棬ûôḻǿĸҲֻ൱ڵڣ١
ʱ½ѾȫƿأȻϣûвͨƽƽǷʳ
һ죬һͻȻһ޴ĺڶǸڶ֮ԴԴϵЩɱǼ˾ɱˡ
ǿʵı£ͣڲȫֵЩЩ̫ǿˣ֯ҲǵĶ֣½һ㱻ɣǵĿ˶һϣ
һֱ½ռֻʣʮ֮һۿҪһǿߴֵס˹ĽָഴʺϸѪѪ̹
İ£ʮ꣬ʵͷʮҲЩ½һӹж˻ոǽǸ˳ȥ
ǲ֪ǿ߽ʲô֣ÿĸֶսʱһ׳ǿʼ֪ʲôŴǿ֪ȻǱǿΪ񡣡
˵ţԴЦЦǲǾǵȱǿΪ֣
ǵġȫ޷֮еĴڣʵһЩʵǿˣûʲôرġ
˵òһЩԴˣûʲôرģȴǣܡԴ࣬𾴵ݴԶŴļأ˿Ժ绽꣬Ԥ֪δĹĹΪ׼γɡ
֪ܶǸ֪飬Ҳǲţܹչȷ٣ѧܹﵽְٻţټĵزֱӵĹϵ
ʹõķ˽̸ģڵʦʹõ󷨣Ҳ˽̵ģǷõĵҩҲ˽̵ģȻʱȥ̫ã˿ҪôˣһеĺۼĨȴԶǡ
˻ȫֵܵһ̲סʵԪ˧ôȻõĶȫģǲ˵˵ʦ
ô˵ҲԴɵʵ֪ԶֹЩЩҲ̸ֻһЩƤëȴѾ½
ղſԪ˧Ƕ𾴣ѵʲôϵʵ
ԣǶȷʵĹϵǶңֵܵҲĹϵԴ˵
˳ڴ½ʱ˭֪ôֵģǿ˼ιĽ˼ҶޱȣϣΪʦ
˲û˭ӣȴ֮ĸһЩ飬ȻҲһϵٹ⣬⣬˵˵ʵ̫ûڣ͵ֵסԼѪ˸塣
˵˵˽̫أûǣˣߺ˺ܿܳΪ½֮ҵĸԴҵʱʵ̫ȷʵҪǿʵִѡһǿķߣԼѪ죬ϼصľ
ڸȴ˲ͬı仯ǲθ죬ɫҲͬΪˣѡĸʵΪǿĳΪ


013 Զأ
һ˰˴˱ΪƣĴΪǳ˴˵ĺΪԼϣ˴˵ָ£ʮ꣬ʵﵽ½۷壬ʵ֮¡
ʱЩ̫ǿˣǰˣҲܽȫϳȥΪʹϴͨѪԴϵȫԼѪθ죬ʹǵʵǿѪ֮Դ
˴ഫѪϵ˾Ͷǧ򣬳Ϊ½ǿ˿ɱȣҲΪ˵ֵ
ʱ½Ϊǿľһа˸Ƿֱɰ˴ɣֻӡ
ͷӣղŸĿڽԼԴɣѵǶҾ커ˣȫһĵ
ǶҾ커ˣ˵ĺʺϡԴɵͷһĽ
Ϊʲôǲ죬ȴΪȫʵϾԨԴϣκ˶ġ
Դɫһһ֮ɫҵҲɫһȫɭȻŭ⡣
˵ôãǡ϶Ԫվ򶷵֮ʱһЩ飬İ˴ɱ˹ĺģĹһսնɱ˲֪ٹǿߣʹùʵ
֮˴ʧˣҲû˳ֹȴ֮һȵĿֻţ˶˵˴ɱˣļҵȴ֪˺Ͱ˴ûֻǴ½Щ˵еģŰ˴뿪ˡ
ϼأ԰˴˵֮󣬲½½ϵһѣֻҪʵ½ڲ֮⴩󣬵ʱ˴ǲҲǴն˲ûлش𣬽ЦЦҲ֪˽
ʲô˵뿪ȫʵ
漰˽£ڲ֪Ԫҡҡͷ˴Ű˴ˣֵ䵽˰˴ϣ˴꣬ﳹ׵ĸϳ˴½
˴ҲʧأΪƶĹټѪ֮֮ʵ쳣ǿ½Ҳûĸܹǵĵλ
ΪǴ½ʱڴ½ͨһЩͨ˴尴֮ǰķԸ½ΪжϱĴÿһһ򣬷ֹһĹٶȹĴȫع麣عȳҲǴ½һͨ
ҶұĴ໤е커Ǽǿ֯ɣΪĴ֮ףҵʵΪǿģʱͨģΪĴеĴ磬Ӧ
ΪͨùȱΪ֮Ȼÿһҵǿ߶ڼǿͨķӡʹ޷ȫҪǿأǾľǣסˡ
½û˹ֵõ˵ഫУʵȱǣǧʱ䣬һЩ㷢չĴ忹ĵط
ǲĴͳ½һֱȥԼǧ꣬Щ֪Ĵ󲿷ݵͨǣƣĴһֱûôǣΪĴʵȻĴı
ԵĴ֮ʵĻƼңʱһʮɱƼңȴƼЩͨĸ־ʮȫɱˣǸһٳʮɱ
˾סдҲƼҵסҲҶֹȥһ꣬һЩ֪ĴǿٴĴһĴû֮ǰᣬֽЩ룬ٴסˡ
ʱĴȴû˿ɣȫ磬Ϊڴ˽꣬ٴĴ֮ĴڵѪ֮Ѿ൱ϡԭ˶ƾѪ֮ɵʱ֮һܹѪѱͺܲˡ
ˣĹҲΪѪ֮ϡۿƣԼʵȴڲϵļĴ嶼ĲѣȴĴַ粢֪
ΪѪ֮Ĵһ¹涨ӵܲĴ֮˽飬ȻҶ֪ⲻõİ취취ȴĴѪϡ仺ꡣ


014 Զأ
ʱĴѪѾ൱ϡÿ˲пܾһˣҲ֪ĴѪϡһ£׷׳ִѹĴ壬ĴȴҲûʵֻýڽڰˡ
ʵĻƼҳܲסѹ˳صı򣬴ӴҲҲǣһߣصĹͨҲ¶ʱΪʲôĴǿߺٳڴ½ԭͨ
ȻǸͨƼҼŬӡѾСܹĹʵޣʵҲǺǿͨ˺һЩС˵ЩﻹǺǿģ֮֮ҲòǿפأҲʳ
˻Ƽҵ£ҲҲͬͨȻȻѹҲû򣬵Ҳķչʵϼ弴ŭΡ
뿪صͨøܷŭȴҲҲ壬ֻɴͨ
ڴ½ٴʥֵϢԭЩֶɵͨȥˡ˵Ԫ¶ֻЦݡ
һżҵ˸Ĵ崴Ѫ̹Ĵٶúܿ죬ŵ˵ڵ꣬ʮ۶һ㣬ֻеӵܵʵﵽʱٶȲŻ
Ϊˣˣ˿ɷѪ̹˸ǣѪΪضĶ֮аǿֻҪҳúǣʵٵ
ˣ׷׿ʺϸԼѪ̹ȥһĴУĴΪѪϡҲͬ⣬ǧܹﵽʥ֮٣ĸͨȴҪǿء
½ʥϵĸֶŪȥͨˣԸ񣬶ȥͻܵǿߵ׷ɱ
Ϊ½ʥԽԽ٣ĸͨȱǿߵѹ֮£ҲüΪȶȻȴû˼Σһֱעͨ
ҵ֮󣬱㵽ʤ˶Ҽ壬淭Ĺż֪һԷӡԶս뷨ｨ˵۹ѧԺ
ʲôȫ󾪣۹ѧԺȻ潨ģ
ʲôֵģԴЦ۹ѧԺǽģһֱǵƿ֮УҪȻƾʲôүүܹѧԺϣ壬˾Ҳֻܵʦ
ȻһֱƿšȫһڿˮϢ̫ˣԱߵֵܶð˵
ԴƺӼСһûбιȥЦˣġԪꡢԼλϺһʦҶ֮ˡ
ⲻܣǿɴû˵նȫ
ȷʵǶ֮ˡֻΪ˲˵ע⣬ǺǵĳԸַʽ͵˵۹ѧԺ˲֪ʲôΨԼն
˵ţЦСܣЩ˵Ժʲô
⡭ȫһ㶣ҡҡͷû˵һֱΪսأ
ս̲סһЦ
ʵֹ۹ѧԺҲǶнƹšΪָӰˣԱȶȫ֪ööࡣ
ҶҿͨЩȣ˰æɣʱһЩҲڴ⣬ǱûˣΪ˵ֵ֣ʵΪ˹ͨǿߡ
ԴˣЩͨǿҲ֧֣ԸǼѹϾҲ嵽½Ŀɾ½Ҳӵڿɲһȴҡ
˵۹ѧԺˣǼĸֱ˳µȥػֻͨҪǲʹĴսͲ˻ǵݡ
˵ҵʵǿˣʵǼжʥ֣˵ʥֻּܽһɽٵǲôǿ
ʥ֣϶¶ɬЦݡ
ʧȥѪ֮֮ǵüΪѾһǧûгʥˣǿҲмˣһǵͼԪε̾ϢѪ̹ļ˵Ѫ̫֮Ҫˡ
ȻˣôѪͨʵǼ֮ǰĻԻͣҲӦвٸߵȼͨɣ
ߵȼͨȷʵв٣ȴЩԴɫصǼĻԻһǷǶ˵ıѣΣǼĻԻҲڣǲܽܵġ
ǣҲܽܡ


015 ¶
ǵ뷨̫Űˡҡҡͷ
ԣɫһȫвãʱԴȴޱص˶Լ˾ĴΪԶȻԻ͵ĹȥѲյĻԻͣȻҪ֡
˵ʵѴﵽʣȻҲԶսҵ캮ҺʵҲ˰ȴǵͲ٣˴֮ǲǾҪֵ𣿡
һҵڳɫһ䣬ȻɢֵܸΧ棬һս
ұ嶯Բ˼ȫϽڰǰֱڿ죬ǧ档
Ԫ˧侴㣬Ҳҡ¶ҵڳϣŭŶԴɵ˾ȹֵͷһ׷ˣܳκ飬Բܸı䡣
ڰ˵֮䣬Ͱ˶˿ص˵ͷ
ؽţֻǴȷԴڳϰ˰֣ǶСһһǶҳҲԶı䣬Ժǧ˵񲻾֮Ǽ֮ЩǰҲĽǻɱ
žԵҳϡ
¼ֵܷͻȫϽ⣬ʵͷӣʲôЩɲֹһͳ˵ˡ
ʲô˫ǺһǡҲæʳ
ָ˵İ˴ָ˴ˣĴ֮ͷϵĽǣ˫ǣֻһǡԴɽ͵ôֻаˣǵΪ֮İ˴
ӵǿʵԶ̿ɱȣͬҲδܴùһ
˵ֻĴٶȳ֣Ĵ˳֣ʱҲĴ֮ʱ
ֻ֣ÿֻܳһˣֵܶ
üͷһ壬򶫷ԴɵԪ˧˵ӦĴ֮ӵˣ
ֻܳĴ֮УֻĴѪ֮ˣпܻԴֿ϶˵
ѵΪһҵǰѪ֮עڣʹǳΪһ۰ʣղһ仰ǵöڳϲɱ֣ʵˣ㿪ڣֻðʡ
ǾԲܵ顣ԪݹżأҲͼıĴѪ֮ǽĴӵܻɱѪԼӵϣǵӵܲûܼ̳ǵѪֱ֮ӱըȫʬ
֮ԱΨһԭǱϾѪΪ̫ϡ޷ѣλǰǵսһǰԼѪ֮ǣǵѪ֮ʹѪѣͱը
Ҫһ㣬ĴӵܾܽԼѪ֮ˣ棬κôˣôĴӵ̶ܶǾܽԼѪ֮ˣǵһ¡
£ǵĸҲ£ôСֹ
ܼ򵥣Ĵÿĵӳǧɢڴ½Ĵû䣬ܶҲ׵½֮УǼҲӦѪѣû֪ӵܡȫЦ
Ԫ˧ղ˵˵ĵҲ֣ǲǱ׷ĵӣʵɫЩأҪ׷һʶҲ֪ԵˣǻЩԽܡ
֮ԽΪ˵ȻҪ׷˵ĵӡԴƺ֪룬ЦǷģûв´˵ĵӱ졣
˵ĵӣȫ㾪
оųɵĿܡԴЦʹõսǵʹõģĵӣ벻˭ʹãսҪѪ֮еġ
˵ţ£ɻֻΪ˵ĵӣӦÿԱŶԣǵ飬֮󣬻ûб
ҲʵԪ
ȫֵܶһۣһĨ⣬ͬʱ˳ʵʲôı
ǱսһԴɿ˱ЩԾüͷһǲ֪ʲô
ȫĬһ£ֵܿԱԼ


016 ţһ
ʲô˵˴󾪣ԴɸǼɴʵôҪô˵
ûҼ飬ʱֵǱ˵ȥȻ˵ˡȫӦĵ
СӣԽԽ֪Ҫʲô⣬ʲôԪŭɶ˫۶һƬͨ졣
ⲻϾ֪ǼЩ顣Դɼʱȴ˷ܡĸҲʸ֣ȻѾ֤ʵĵӣӽһֱȫİţϧһд۱֤İȫ
ǡȫӦȻǺܳԾȴûԹԣֵ˵ѾЧ졣
ȫ򵥣Ȳ˵ĹϵξͿΪ䲻Ҫοڼ˹ϵ
ǼסղϢҪй¶ȥԴɵҲʱҪ֪ڵʵЩΣʵǿ֮˵
УԺǵ򲻵ѵ㣬ǲҪˡ϶Ԫǵ˶Ĵ֮ͳơ
ס˵ͷλĵ񹧾һ»صĴ֮С
ȥԴɳ˼Ƭ̣϶ԪڼȻѾ֤ʵĵӣҶҽȫҸ£Ҿǲ̫ϳϵǣң
ԡԪͷû£ȫĵʵ
һ£ԪͻȻֳһĨŨصɱɭȻҶӻűɱ֮ģҪھǣ
ҪԴЦְɣֲʲôµģǹʵΣնֻܳΪɳ̤ʯ
ڵʵ̫ˣԶЩ͵Ժһ
СԪҲöԴ˵˵ͷȥ̫ϳˡ
ֵ۹һɱ㼱ɴʵô鶼Ū𣿡
ѾŪˣ˵Ӽҽͼǿ˻ϡЦڻѾصţ˵ԺӼΪ
ںӼҳ߼׽ǣֵ۹뵽棬Щڹֵ۹Ҳ뵽УֻҪİ˽ǣᱻǶϣղҽǴϢͲ㱻Ƕϡ
Ӽҳߵļ׽ǣһʵü֮仹ż˷ܡ
һǧʯ
һǧʯһལصҲ̫˰ɣ
˰ɣΪ˭ԶսеõôʯЦڻصսţҪԸףҵÿһЩС
ǵ׼һ¡ЦҾͲˣȥһ½ŵʵ
ǵƤģεҡҡͷСһ㡣
תȥ
ɽһƬʯС֮Уһͼʧڵ£֣ЦѾˣֻҪǴұ֤н޳
ȥҽŰɡ£Ѿ˰УΪһȥ
һСѾͷεҡҡͷʵûﵽʣֻڵ·ɱ֮£ٶһ㶼
С쵰㷢в籾Сĵطˡڰп·Ц˵Ҵʱ㣬ʲô
ܼ򵥣ʱһὫץƨɡЦ
쵰ŭ𽣾һã
Ӱһױ̧ܹͷŰյЦСѾͷԣ
ñСԣСƫҲ֪Ĺ˵ʲôһЦҲٹ죬ɽ۵Ľűȥ
ϿգͻȻһ¶Ȼ½˾ͻȻһ㣬˾岻ѡ
ôˡ
ʲôˣôһô䡭
쿴жֱˡ
ͨ۷׷ףЩﵽϵĸȴɫ䣬ǼʣԸ
˭ҽŵҡһڽϿϤǸմӹֵ۶Ļϡ
ϣԩ޳žȻӼڹֵ۶Ըң챾С㲻Ͳ֪СһŭȻϿһ̣ЩСȻʵ
ãе˿ϾڵӾŭӵš
ˣһЦ


017 ţ

𣬿еСԿֲٶʵȻŵĵӶܣһжˣǸܳһ䣬ױס
һűһ޴ı飬ھ֮࣬Ҳŭ죬ŰеϽǷųҽ㲻ݡ
ݣҶһЦҾҪôҲݡ
ұ
£Ǿ޴ıȻըΪıмʧؼ䣬ǱķҲһըΪʬֻʣ¼ʵǿڵϰϡ
ŽŻΪһƬģϡַ塢Ԫλȫһ˫۱һƬѪ졣
Ů첻ʬΣҾͲлϡŭ𣬻Ѵųɱ
ɱңǻ񡣡һЦûһη壬Ӱһתɽ·ȥ
ȥȭͷһӣһȭӰȥ
ȭ
ͬʱַԪҲ׷׳֡
ɽȭ
ʯȡ
ΣΧȫõһܵĿռжûУۿѵǰ·һȡ
С쵰֣ѵҪС
ģбүڣҪ·һ𣬽űһ˸
䡭
˲һһ֮ΪһƬʧؼ䡣
ģаַ֡循ŭӣԪһ·죬ԭһƬѪ˫˲鶼һƬѪ죬˹ȥ
СȻ㣬Ҳ㣬ؼ
ģ㲻Ķ֡϶Ԫɱɱ˫۵ԪûᣬΪһƬ⣬ȥ
ʦֲصģСӲʦô˵Ҳһ۷壬û⡣ַȰ˵Żϣȴ뻪ϼҡͷԪĶ֣ʦܾϡ
ʲôַ󾪣ֿǶʣʶϣԪ͸˵ˡ
ʦ֣ŮһģҽţԲܵʦ˭Ѳ֣ʦһҪ׽áַ弱ȥԪ
ȥɣһСĵ㡣ȻЩòףǵͷ׷ȥַӰһת˹ȥ
СɫҲ׷쿴ϷԪһĨЦӰһת෴ķ׷ȥ
СܣԪһŭ죬ȭӰ
ϴȡĽվҾȡһЦ׵ĶȭӰϮ
˵ҲͷһɱݺӰǰ𣬽űһֲӰϮ
ʯȡ
ַ壬ͷˣȴһֱװûз֣ʱͻȻǰΪһֲ
ȴӰδǰֻ¶һĨЦһȭȥ
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ӰһӰһһȻ֮߶Ϊһʧؼ䡣
ַΪѸٷӦ֮ʱֻǰӰȻһΧ㼯һγһ޴ٴγ˹
ʲôַ󾪣ٶ̫죬һ㵽ǰܵʱ䶼ûС
鼱֮£ַһŭȭһӶ
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һ
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ջ塣
ϧַϵĽɫãճ֣δȶãѺݺݵĺͷ
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һƣһַ̣Ѿһ׷ɵƤ򵹷ɳȥԭ׷ȥûɱϧʱԪѾ嵽
ȭ
ܵĻȭӰ˲㵽û˿η壬Ȼһתһȭ
䡭ȭȭԣһԪһ۷壬ɴʱʹ֮ʵȴѴﵽʡ
Ԫǽվǿȿɱһǿֲһ֮£ֱҲǴһʹͺѾԼһ㣬Ҳɳȥ
ȻˣǾͱˡ
һŭ˫ֽӡѸٱ仯
ˮһͷۼգ۱γһƬƣֻһŤȻΪ۳һϵ


018 

Ϊһ⣬˲ԪǰɳԪͫһһȭȥ
ȻȭӰδһͺȡ
ұ
ӰһõΧÿޱȡ

ܵɢĿֲԪͫϴϾǿ־壬Ȼȴκεķ
䡭ըǿֲĿ˲佫Ԫɡ
һֱƬ̣ɢԪҲ䵽ϣԾǣĿֲը֮£ԪȻˣȴû
վȻ鴫ЦһӰڵһӰԪǰ
˵첻ٻˡ£ȭͷһӶ
סַ֡ŭûȭͷ£ԪԴϣ㽫
ȻɱʦܣȻɱʦܣʦģʤʦҲҳʬΡַʧķһ㣬첻
ȻŹңǾͽҲɱˡӰһͳ˹ȥ
ǲӰַ񿴵һħڲϵ鼱֮£߶սȻɵ˰У˸ա
СȥַȻȻطʵʣȴܷУһ˫ȭϵһȭӰƵˡ
һʮȭӰַ֮ͣ
ΪͿסôϸһĨ䣬Ͻӡٶȱ仯Χ¶Ѹգۼ䣬бĻǣѸٷŴ󣬲ŰۣƬ̱γơ
ܵͷҪĻƣַϽԱ߷ɴܶܣɴʱƬѾʼŤδƵķΧɢſֲϢĻ
پ졣
һͺ𣬴ķַ˹ȥַ޿ɶ㡣
ַĴ򶷾ҲǷǳķḻȻǰνɫŵһƬҰףɫȴûް취
ɽȭ
ַһһȭӰȻɽȭԶϲپ죬ÿһĻȭȥȻδҲѱð͸ʱпɢ
ʱѾ嵽ַǰַûǵȻҪʱӰȻΪһӰǼҪĻ˹ȥ
䡭
ȻһֱܵĿƣԻٶȣڿַ֮ûͣ¶Ѿ
һһڰлΪһƬʶȥӹһַҲգۼ䱻𺣺ڱϣһѪ˳ɳȥűײĻ֮ϡ

һ죬ױʣµҲûٸַκε˺
ҿ㻹ܶΡɫһнӡٶȱ仯Ƭ̼䣬Ƭٴͷ۳һƬơ
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һŤһ޴ͷͷ
໡
ͷһţһɿֲڶһľ֮бһ·رѣ޹⣬һƬĩվ

ǻеַҲκεĶֻ侪ֵĲҽУ㱻ݺݵĺϣɳȥ
籩ȥֻʣһصǽ壬ߵַǰʱַﻹڲϵðѪȻδҲֻʣ°ڣʱֻޱߵĿ־壬ڿһħһ㡣
˴ȱһ̰ɣϸһĨЦһŲ䲱ϣֻһַ岱һᣬ׵
ַѣûվ˵õʹǵķӡ
ʶĴɨһº¶һĨݣַ岻ʣϾȻŽٿƷҲ̫ˡ
Ҳף٣õԴһ۹٣ȻҪԶһС
ߵԪʬǰһ飬ȻĴҲŽʮϲûҵҪҺĲͼЩʧ
Ӱһɽ¶ȥƬ̱ղŲ󷨴
ôôòŹһ죬ЦһΪ˸ɱˣ׼ʬ
ɱң˵㡣ЦЦ˲ϴڷһۣô
ǼһѾݽȥˡһֱ˷һڹ
صģϵĹ顣ЦβõĿǸ߼Ǭһݵ棬µĵˣı㱩¶ţǲŲ
ѵͲ󷨹ܳЦ


019 ϵħ
Ц߼󷨱һʻǾͲи߼ˣ˵οõʯƵ֮ǰЩڵɱȵġ
߰ɣȵȥȻǣǾ͵ýöߣñ˱ˡ
ţһƬͲʬԴһƫôң
öȻǷУұҵ˵ţһѪͻȻ˳һؿ˵˭ʲô
һۣж¶ӵɫͬʱһʡ׳ա
նݲ紵³֣ӰһѾǰûзӦ㱻ץסšˡ
Ĺϡû飬С֮ңܵĽ̵ǶԵ˵ʴȣѵĲ̣֮ҲȥԶŵ˵
ɱңɱңҲۿգۼ㱻ɱʣһϡ
һɱɣص㹻ҿԿһ¡
֪ر
쵭Įص
ҸͷŹңһڴؿ졣
¡һߣȭӾҪõȫһϽڴұߵڶذ档
лЦЦһץסĲӣһԴһᣬŴ۾죬һĿӡ
㶵ؿ죬һʵȻ˵㻰
ʲôʱ˵㻰ˣЦҸղſûӦһֻɱ֮ǰ˵˳Ҿ֮ǰҲֻ˵һ£ûдӦһŹҵĿǽǻǲܷŹ
㡭Ŀɿڴؿ죬˭뵽ƽʱȽֱ˵ôһ
û뵽㻹ôƻﻹ˵ֱ
ұֱʼ磬ӡ֮еĽŴȥƬ̱ǰȻʱѱһƬ棬שȴûлٻױҵұߵڶ顣
Ȼһضǰ
ȥû£˵ȥ˳ŵضһ·ǰ߹ʮףһʯ֮С
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Ҳ֪ǽŶԼʵ̫ţԭ̽һ£Ȼûлء
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ʲôðɣʣµĹҡЦ
һȻƻЩණֻһ㽫װҲװʮ֮һһۣ㿪ʼѡԼĶֻҪǿϣŽ
ﻹмҪҸ㼸Цʵ
ҲŲҪĶءһۣһ̫ƻˣҵСķţҪȻ㵱ˡ
ò˵ŵղػǷǳḻģǿʯռ治٣нʯҵ飬ⵤҩҲв٣ͶƷƷĵҩƿвٵĸҩ
ȻѡҲзִ磬һЩĶҲֻȡһ룬ƿƷҩֻȡһƿһƿ
ǼֵƵĽʯһûȡ
ˣĶˡߵǰŰ۵ǱС쵰ˡ
ǾͶлѧˡٺһЦҲװԼĻý֮Уһûʣɽȥ
ٴǰʱѾ֮ǰ˲٣ӡ󷨿ĻϣִʱһҰףȫʪģɫ㲣ȻǱԼħħùǺ
ҪҪҰæ죬쵱ЦڵһͷûϻҪɱ׾١
£Ѿ֮С
һ»ϵħ¶һĨЦû뵽ƶȻôһ̬Լͽܵľջ
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һһɶ磬ӡ󷨵Ӱ֮£Ȼƶ
ϣôĵӣȻΥʦһŮ˹ɼ飬лûʦ
Ϥһ̧ͷȥһƶӣȫһֵصʦôˣ㲻ǻҪ²ųô


020 ĺ
ҳƻĺ£ƶĿݺݵؿŻϣŵõ˵ϡ
Ӳңʦ˫మʦȫ
Ȼ˼˵మһͨŮˣһ㣬ھȥɱˣ㳹׵ġƶɱڵ˵
ʦҪˣ˫ɣԺĵķ˼Ұò˵ƶƽǹ̵ܽӻһף˱ȻϣϾȻûһ㷴ֻ֮ڵϲϵİ
ŻϺĻ̲סһģĵķǸĵջǸĵıջ
뵽θһڣҲ˵ȥˣһǰѰɣ
ǰϾȻֻڵϿͷ󣬸ûһ֮ģһȭͷʱûзϡ
䡭
ȭͷڻϵԴϣԴʱը֮Ѵ֮ͽڹźܴĽŸɱˡ
мӡʮĻΪһصϣһۣЩĶЩһ룬һΣ㽫
û뵽ƶȻһ̬һ죬뵽ղϷһĻʱֱֶۣС쵰ƶôģȻ˼װѵҲһ̬
ղŽȥʱҲ֪Ծͽ󷨽⿪ܹ˭뵽ȻôĵһĻȫˡ
ҪԣٺһЦŵһ˺òǵǹЦ
쵰ȻˣңҲŹġһȣȥնѳ嵽ǰĴԶ
˵뿪ɽٴž֮УڹһʱĽųƶ֮⣬Ǳ׵š
֮󣬵ָõűϢ֮ȫ𾪲ѣô飬ûв鵽˭֡
ȻҲǶԻŵʵ˽ģ֣ҲԴܻһˡ
ҪţȴûһţϾվĻϾͨҲδػܣ˵ɱˡ
һʱ֮õùֵĸֻŲѣЩԶ۶ǻ̻̲գ˽ŵǿǡ
ϾŵЩ̫֮ײУȻһڶû£һţҲǼȮ
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ѵ˼ôŮһ㲻ģòһϲ˵ı̬ɣж졣
죬տʼںΪȻϾһߣɫһŮӵ̫ˡ
ɽ죬еȤȫȻ޴棬ԭûһٺ棬ٺÿҲȻȤ
Ļ쵰ȥҾ͸۸ҡԼһ⺣ϣһľͷ˶ǣίˮһµ
ᣬֿһ󣬷ȫ֮Уŭ֮£תߣɸûһͻȻ÷ӿĺҲһ㷭һоĩһ㡣
ǡ
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໡
ˮͬʱһĺˮҪһ𣬾ȶγһ޴ˮǽ
ĺ
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ߡ
һڴ͵ԣһѽסӰһСȥ
쵰ҪʲôһӦǽŵ죬ŵףϵֻСɱһٶƺӡ֤룬õǻʧɫʧ롣
쵰ҪǸ۸ңҾ㿴˵䣬ίˮ˳
һ㶣ɱ嶼ͣĿɿڴؿûзӦ
á
ͻȻɫһ䣬һѾͽ˵ڵأŵҲûзӦӦԭϸӿĺˮֹֹס


021 Ȼûǿ
쵰ޣŹġ
ţȻҪҧԾˣδҧԼͷǺһӺˮͻȻը
䡭
һʮѺԵȥľһţܵȥ
һ״ôһһСӰԶȥ
ˮޣǱը֮ʶǳ֮¶ѣǸߣһ·ܹߵȫʧǾһȺС
񡭡
Ҳûӹ˵ʣǺһǿĳ£ǵ岻ıǰ
ǱķСһѺۣ˲㵽Ѻ۱ϡ
ۿҪȥһǰûʲôĶ鼱֮£Իý֮óһʿõĳǹһѽ棬εĽץסһֻεĽץס
ץˡǧɣѺҲ֪жһȥ鷳ˡ
ۿԼӶѺۣں˵ľ޴֮£⿿һֻץԼֲ֧˶á
ҲһʹԼ˪ѧ棬һֻץסһѹ
Ȼÿ죬ȥҲ졣
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Щڳȥʱĵڳǹǹϣûбߣ˭֪ʱȴ˹ײĻС
һŮӣھ˵ľ£һʯͷˣǳǹǹҲסһӱ㱻˸˺С
ҡ˼ֻץ֣ۿ˾Ҫ˸ǿзֿҲܲôһѾͽıڻС

źһ챧ˮһͣڰУ·ϾǺˮҲֻܱʱͣڰա
ѥһܣʹֻ֮Ҫ㹻սʸ֣Ҳʸһ㣬ʱͣС
һĻȥҲһܵϵϢܵǽԼС˫֣¹ܣһƬͨ죬Ҳҿ졣
ѧ㣬ôˣ췢ЩʵΪղء
ش𣬷ͷٿ
֮ʣǰһĸоĴŽǰ
ȻûڵƣĲ֪ʲôһ죬Ȼӿ죬һаֱܿ£Сܾܵŭһͦ𣬶ޱȣü
ͻȻеʲôԼȵģӲӲģտʼɻ̧ͷһ죬ǶĿ⣬һӱͨ졣
쵰ɫǡ
һȣȭ˹ȥ׼ſӰһ˳ʮԶ
ѽ
ȭͷջӳһᣬ˾·еȥõһҺΪһʣķӦһ㶼δ䵽Уսһתͣ
Ͼʿܹսڰͣģղһֱ챧ţ˭뵽ôûȣҲһкˡ
һס壬һͷĸϻһ㣬ɫǣȥ
£ѻΪһ⣬˹ȥ
ѧ㣬ղҪұĺòãôɫǡһίصĶȴһ㶼Ѹź󷽷˶ȥ
ɫǣǳûռұˣǿбҵġ
ѧ㣬˵ƾӴʸֻ֣ʿοշУȴУڿзеģƫɣⲻҪұô
쵰Ҫɱɫǡ
ŭɶĿ׷죬ɸ׷֮ϣ˾ôһŭ׷һһ߶һ˵һϣһϣһϣһֱ׷˰죬ʵ۵òУͣ
쵰ҲŹˡڵϣ죬Ŵ棬ͬŴ
ѧ㣬ԩˡԩֻǺ޺޵ص
ðɣһжҵĴѧҪôͷҰɡˣȴһί
ߣ⻹ࡣ¶ʤЦݣصѧ˴ҲҪ࣬ҵ֮󣬸ѧʮΰ˵ξС
ˣΪСҲ֪ж飬֪СҪ٣ҪǸպþСǿô죿ʱʲô
Ȼֻ֪ҪӦһ鶼ˣ֮ô䣬ȫԼ˵㣬ȴԸʧŵСˡ


022 ˼
ɣһ㲻Ը⣿
ǲԸ⣬ôҶҺҪҲ֪ж顣Щͳص鲻࣬ûǸպùãҸܸѧġ
㡭ŭı鲻м٣üһ壬ɻ鲻Ϊ˸Լʵ
ǡҡͷ
ʲô˵˵
ڻ˵ҵѧȻ֪
ãֻҪʱ㲻ԼʵҴӦ㣬жҪ
˿ڣϲӦлѧ㡣
鱾ģ˵㣬лʲôСһƲŸʲôϽͼóʲôط
á콫Ųͼƴһ˿˺һָŶûŪٹϾǵĿĵء
ǻʲôϽָָ˾Ͷһ˷ܵص鸡ǿƵرһûмء
ָʱۡ
ߡһӰһݣźȥҲںƽأܿʧԶ
׻˵ɽǴʱˡ
һֱ죬ŵһۿѾˣں漲УǿǺΣյģֻڵϢһ
ڶһ磬˱ٴγһֱǲŵĿĵСϡ
óͼƴϸؿһھȷ֮϶ûСӦڵĵһСɽС
ǻʲô߰ɡһ˷ܵĴߴٵѰǵһΣһѰƵرһ·ǳļ
˵ͷŵķɱȥ
𡭡
ͳ޺ʱС𣬰ʱֺܶѾʼѰʳ
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Ӱһ·ϣƾǿʶ֪ܹ̽˺üޣ˵ȷʵǳǿĶﵽʣǿһֻﵽʡ
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ͣ£Σա
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Ҹоǰһֻǿޡɫصصôȥֻ·һ
ʲôޣı飬пһǿ֪ģԶսʱʵĹޣҲûء
һֻﵽ۵Ĺޡ
һʱɫ䣺Ǹô죬ۼĹ޸ͲǿԶԸ˵ģѲɰһˣ
һˣЦЦôܣȻɱסһʱ仹ǿеġ
˫һʱ뵽ʦݣֵܿĵôһֻڣ᲻ᱻԵˣ
ӦûУûбꡣѵûиоطҪŨܶô鱾γɣһγɱӰΧ
ǻʲôϽ󡣡һ˷ܵĴߴٵ
뿪Ҹ徻ĵطҵÿһЩ
һƬ֮У˼£óһмʯ಻ͬһսסǣұÿһЩǿ󷨲Уȫɾ͵ÿˣ򲻵ѲҪҡ
бСڣľǡЦô˵Ҳѧ㣬ѲѧܶȲϣ
ͷҲٳɣó̵
תʱȥʱֵҹп̵ˮһ㲻Ϸ裬ȫĴš
Աߣ˫ֽرǰĿⲻʱԶĺҹɨֻĿп־衣
ھ֮ǰ˷֮ټרĿûΧһƬڣǺ紵ɳɳںҹ֮зֲ
ǲʱ޺𣬼ֱħĺСڼ˵Ĺذ֮£ûоֻʱ´ŵ죬϶ܹȥסеĿ־塣
һôûأһۣаò뿴Цɣ
ӦòᣬһֱǺרĵģͲ֪Һ°ɣ
Щôеôֲǻ᲻ܹʱܴù𣿡
˵ҲкǿĹޣ֪᲻ҹܳ
˵ҹй᲻ܳ


023 Ĳ
˼룬ԽԽ£嶼̲ס΢΢ķˣʶٴ쿿Щ첢ûܵӰ죬˿
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ɫһ䣬˪ãһķһȥ
䡭ãһжмȴ˹ȵףΪһû˵֮ˣһֻ֤ܶԷҪǿ
СѾͷүϲִŮˡǸЦٴû˪ٴγ֣һӰԿֲٶȱ˹
Էٶ̫ˣ쵽ǶʣҲӦ˱㵽ǰ־Ĳץ
СѾͷɣүúġ
ֻֿҪץ֮ʣһȻ𣺡ƾ㻹񡣡
һ̣һֻץסļһȥ
ţһսȭͷǰһݺݵĺץϡ
ꡭ
һֻץõǳĺһҽУ˶ɳȥ

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ʱһֻ´һֻĽסһԹؿ죬˭Ȼ֣֪˭
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Сɽǰǧ״ͣ£ٴæµһֱһ֮ŵһԲǧ׶еͼû£Ҳ¶һĨЦ⣬Ƚڣȥ
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΢΢һЦûǹ޵ͬʱǿֲʶŹͷŹȥ
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Ƭ̣һͷͷţСŻͷ֫㣬һƤްţβðŻĹɽг˳
Ĳ񣿡
һͷ㵹һĲָ֮һЩѪӣżѪÿѪ̳һ㣬ùģʲôޡ
񲢲ֹĲһ֣ǻ岻߲ϿһϺžŸΪŲ
Щޣ˵ǵԽ࣬Խ෴Խ࣬໥֮ͻʵǿıȽ٣ʵҲһ㡣
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ÿ졣ĲԽԽԸоȻؼķԼٶȡ
ĲȻһۣ۶ҲֻܵķݣԻδꡣ
Ļ˿ĳɣһö絤һٶȼȻһأ㽫ߵľһЩ
𡭡
ۿԼĵ˾ȻԶˣĲŭſھһСĻȥ
һ
һתƽһӶã˲ڻ֮ϡ


024 顢߲
䡭
ӦƣǻΪǿȴ嵽ڵϣ˼ͷ
̫ǿˣ³һ򶼱ȫһǿ󡣡
ϽǰӴܡ
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ľٶ׵ĽĲŭˣ˷㣬׷첻š
׾˲㵽ǰ棬ŤͷһĲ񣬻еȥ
һ
ãһܲĲϣת֮С
𡭡
Ĳ³һ򣬽ã׻ûиһ鷳׷ٶȶûһ㡣
ݡĲһ磬һ֮Уһ̣ΧӰһ䣬һƬɳĮ˲ʧǰ
𡭡
ĲоΣգŭĻһǰõôزϵĲ
ɲôǰȻһƬɳĮҲû֡
ߵԱߣЦ߰ɣ
ܳɣĵʵ
ģ˵һۣҲûʮ£ҲܳЦžŹһǸ߼󣬾Ҳܽ档
ǾͺáһЦߣȥȡ顣
ȥߵ󷨱ԵһǽȻֵ֣棬뾡취޷ƿ
ǾžŹһǿЦžŹһ˱ŻһãΧγһǽƳĻҲ󡣡
汻֮˲Ϲǽ꣬һְ취ԶǽһƣžŹһȻǸ߼󷨣ûϵʵһƻġ
˵䣬ֻӡǰǽͻȻһţһͷȥҲûܵ˿׵ĳ󷨡
󷨿棬ϧûѧ츳ǰ󷨣̲סһ̾Ϣ
ǽɵ󷨣Ȼ档һЦ߰ɡ
СɽǰһͷɽһɻȵϢɽ¶ȱ˲١
Ĳ񱾾סĵطأ¶ȸҲ
һֱǰ˰ңһʯ֮УʯȻγɣǳ󣬶ʯмһСӡ
Ӳ󣬲һƽɫţһҺװСأȻƽ棬ʶԼ̽ᷢЩҺſֲǳºͣĸ׵֭һ㡣
ڳУһƴСɢɫĹâ
ҵôô顣һеҺ壬̲ס
ЩȻҲ𾪲ѣʱĿȴ䵽˳ǶСϡ
ð죬صȻ߲û뵽Ȼ߲
ʲô߲ĿҲڳǶ߲ϣȻʶ𾪵ıѾ֪ⶫԲһ֮
߲黹Ҫ񵤣Ӿ׹֮ЧֻҪһڣһöӣԿϣԺ֮һ١
˵ţһӰȻˮض棬־߲ץ˹ȥٶ֮죬֮綼й֮ǰֹ
һ£֮ǰ֮ˡ
ñҵˣġ˷һĹЦۿҪ߲ץС
ꡭ
һƾճ֣֡

˱еֻΪһɺ̣ʧҲԱߣȫ鴤
ÿֲ˱仯ɫ䣬ʶ
ȥӰһ嵽ǰȭͷȥ
ȴȭͷδںϣֻͻȻðһ׹⣬գ۱ʧԭء
ô£һǰԾʵôʧˣ
ʹɫص
ôô죿ɻʵʹÿռŲҲûô찡
ǸǿռŲǿռ䴫ռŲ߼˺ܶࡣռŲֻʱ޷̶ͣ࣬;Ҳܽ
ռ䴫ȴǸ߼Ĵ;ǧ֮ڣֻҪǰĳط趨һָܹ㴫͵ٶȷǳ죬һעսԶǿռŲɱȡ
֪ڴ͵ʲôطôʵ


025 ź
֪ӿռ䲨ǿӦòᳬɫصص
˴˵Բ֮ڶǴ󺣣ں趨꣬ô˵϶͵⵺ϵĳһһص϶ĵر˭׷
ҵǲ£ҵиǿİ֡쿴һСصǵüӿٶˣøϵʱ߲ߡ
Ա˲ػ󷨡죬ܶý
֪ڶȥǾҲһʱҲǡ˵꣬תȥ
СһƬ֮УãһȻ֡
飬߲û뵽ʺĵϻ˱ϧˣСĶ֡
ɫĿгԹƬ̺ͻȻɭȻصȻҵòЩҲá
˿ڶûƬ̱㵽һɽǰ
˭һɱɽϽشң塣
ɽˣɫĮʵӣһƤ׾һ߰꣬ȻᣬʵȴǿģȻﵽ˰ʡ
ҵټˣ嵭ʵ
ûС˵֣еΧռһ䣬ɫһ䣬Ͻҵ飬һص飬һ߲
ʲô͵վоⱩĿٸ˵һ顣
ү֮ǰڵ꣬ʵȥһ㻹ûǿսǳǿһ㽫һˣҪӵÿ죬ϣҲûԶĵظǵϣȴһɽзҵһص顭彫ľϸ˵һ顣
һʣһȻҲĵرǲ֪ϸһĨɭȻ䣬иĻ˷ܡ
ߡ
ѸٳɽĴ£ڵɽɱȥ
һŻ
ֱСԱߣȹ۲һû˿Ҳ󷨵Ĵڡ
óһѳǹȥʱǵٴγ֣켰ʱĽǹ˳ȥȻɡ
û°ɣϽס졣
û¡ЦΣҲ󷨵ԭ󷨵һʦ󷨲õ÷ǳľʦҲԷ֡
󷨲õʱ̫ˣ֮ǰӦв˴ʹĵ൱ĴҲҺڣҪȻĶͱͷĲԵˡ
öʱܹʵ
ûа취ҪǴﵽ󷨴ʦ𡣡ҡҡͷʧ֮ʣֵǿʹ䲻ͣķȫĵûжˡ
˵ţղŵĳǹٴȥ
첢û֮ǰųǹأǴԱ߽ǹϷͶ
ȻûƵ󷨣һֻҪ׼㣬ƳҲ׵ġ
ʱҵ󷨵㣬ֻҪжӽأᷢ󷨣ǻ
콫ǹһδεĴͶһʮ¹ȥ֣ٻ׵ʱ֮ղѾɡ
´ϲҲæһվһߣͶȥȻͶʱ֮ųǹһϷʱ׵һһ̣źԱߣͻȻѺۡ
ˣơ켰ʱֹȻ㿴߲ץȥ
һֱ߲׵Ҳûг֡
ס߲΢΢һʹ߲㱻
ȻźŸ±ųĴָСһźоֱš
źʲôãʵ
źǳһʮŻһźҵõ˸ᴫֻйļأûпźļءһصȻôãźֻΪأʱǻȥúҡ
˵ţִȡһöˮ㣬ɢǿӣ˵һƿһ뿪ܿῪʼʧֻƿвܱʧ


026 
ŶӦһóװŵҩƿһûзпƿֱӽһҩ˳ݸ졣
װƿֽ֮ȡöۿҲûУЦȻдһֻ߲öӡ
ý֮һ飬콫һװһҩóҩȡ߲棬ЦǻòţͲؽǷֿķţܹõıĵرΪǱܲƶʧǿ
˵ţ㽫еݸӹ㲻˵Щôкã
򵥡һЦϱƵϣûС֧֣ڵҲ޹⣬ûһơ
콫ƽƽڵ׷ŵУͫԾصǸʲôǿ飬̫˷˰ɣ
УҪϴס
ģҾԲ˷ġЦЦѾŽС
һӴ飬ԭ׶ʱһҫ۵Ĺâ֮£Щ㱻һա
ôôЩ飿ͫĿɿڴؿ졣
˵֮ǰΪңشҪŵرָôЦˣҲƭҾ㲻˵ֻҪһ˵еԭ
˵ȻЩԵǺ֪صģ֪Ȼóȥ˵
Ŵ죬գգ۾һͻȻһЦ㵱ںڽɭ֣ô֣ôӳԭ
Ļش⡣
ΪʲôţЦȻ½Ҳûм˭˵أ˵С쵰ʲô鲻ܷ
˵ţߵԣؿףɻص˵ҿҲûʲôر
شͨķûʲô𡣡Цô飬źָܻܿʱ֪кβͬˡ
ڲռ䣬ԽԽ鱻ս룬ΪľǾͿƾҪĿռѸȶȻЩȫСڵŻ֮л㼯
һӴʮûԶĶһ㣬ĽգõЩԽŨ
þ֮дС쳣ȴǳ˷ܵһǸ磬һǸҵʲôĵرˣûС
Ŷ飬ҵ찡ôô飬иˣҲԽȫָڿȫɳ̫ˡ
СſС죬񳤾ˮһ㣬黯ΪľȫգҲѸٵŨ֮ʵ
УۿɼٶʧСţ۵صҵ죬Ҳ̫˰ɣѵ
ȷʵ̫һ㡣ҲЦҺ鹻࣬ҪȻܲס
˾ôĿɿڴؿģҲ걻ȡ
ס쵤֮УһֱûжͻȻһܵʲôҪӵ֮гɫһ䣬Ͻֹɸûһá
ôˣ죬ճڣһãؿڷС
һأ飬ʹԱ߶γУҲԿֲٶȼ١
ʲôĿɿڴؿ죬һɣ
Ҳ֪쿴һ飬ҡҡͷ
Ķ㶼֪ʲôŴ۾죬Ϊƭ
µҲЦֻ֪飬ڸеõģ溬һܹʵ˶˵ʲôطʵΪ˱̬طô֣ܳ½ͱͳһˡ
طг˾ʵһô࣬϶
ͷ飬Ŀ֮£Լ˼άܸԼжˡ֮ǰһֱûгֹ˵ţϸֳڴɫĿ֮и
쿴ҪʲôͻȻޱ𾪵ӺĿע£׷ȥݺݵײϣֱӽײء


027 С
쵰ռ䣬С˷ܵͻȻײŭױײ
һ԰㣬һ׷ɻٴμݺݵײȥǿôãǺ˽ģͲǳԿ
Σ֮£뿿ضĻ˳Ǵ춼ûع
һӦϽ飬ͼֹ׵ȴɥķ֣Ѿʧȥ˶Ŀơ
䡭
д֣һǶԣһһǲСǿ֮Ȼһδεĳȥ
ߵײõе鶼𵴲ѣɴʱΪĹȨ֮˲ôࡣ
ܣ죬Ѿ˵ʲôˣ̫ˣ´ʱҲˡ
Ҳ֪ҡҡͷȫƲס
飬ΪҺ۸ǲǣСüСϾŭݣнӡһ䣬ϱ㱩һǿȥ
Сû뵽ǣ鲻㲻ãǹȥǹ֮Ӵʱ˲㱻˽ȥ
˵ȽõСŭɶһȣһǿľٴκ飬ǹɾһ٣²ûˣҲõɽѹɫһƬҰףҲɫ䡣
Сġ
Ӱһ嵽ԣȥ
û뵽ǣôֲľȻ㲻ǵ

ûκε죬ٴαˡ
СķܹԵĸоԼҲһܽСЩȴȫսȥûһ˿
׹һһ꣬װ֣ϻӤʣ÷񣬾һ޵СŮǰһίص磬ǻ쵰۸ҡ
С
˫ۣһĲ˼飬ԱߵĿɿڴܹܳ⻹ô
ܿ죬㱻СǿɰԣȥҪڻУСӰһ׵Ķˣһؿŭ˭ֲʶ㣬ô㱧ŮҲˡ
ɫһ죬ͺ񱻳ѵһ㣬һεصСɣ羭㣬˵ÿɰö£Ҫڵϡ
ҺøղűСѵһ٣Щ죬˵ʱڸסˣõСΪ棬磬˵ģ
ţ˵ͷصСôԳˣ
ұͿԳСӦص֮ǰܳΪ̫ˣղô飬Ҳȫָ˺ܶ࣬Ծܳˡ
˵飬СǿɰСһأ飬һίСӣؿ磬ǻ쵰׼飬̫ˣһԣ۸Сӡ
ʧȥ˶ĿƣҲûа취ЦлһĨǣӵõ飬ûгֹʧȥƵ⻹ǵһΣԺ󶼿Ʋס飬Ҳ޷ʵ
ʤ𣬹⿿һӦˡ
ʧȥ˶Ŀƣһûȥ֮ǰطʵʲСţĿ⿴е顣
˶飬˵ʣ㽫һʶû⣬ɴʱȴռԼܵõ˿
ҲҲСһˣҪָأ˼£˳ȥȡһЩ
Ȼӵõ֮ûƹȴ̫࣬ûʵ֪˶ٴΡ
ûæӡԾ꣬°ԾҲͽˡ
һ֮ˣжԺҲƣЩȫգʱҲȡһЩ뷨
磬һ̫ˣԺ󶼲С޺޵˵
ãԺ󶼲ش漴С֣ԺֻС棡
С̫ɰˣɰֻҪŮ˶Ʋסĳ̶ȡ
̫ˡСһЦһŤ˳֣ĻС
Сôԣ㵱ȻСĻСˣСС֣ǽСһߡ


028 һδƽһ
Сʵģޱ𾪵ؿǷСĶϣ췢С֮壬һֲüҲָеʵڡ
ǲǺܳԾСЦ
ȷʵܳԾͷУ鱾һ壬С϶ҲֻһֻܿӰ
ڵѾȫˣһǿ˲١СЦҲֻ״̬һʱ䣬ֻеұúǿǿ֮һֱ档
СҪôܱǿأʵ
Сֻ㹻ľСܲϵıǿ
˵ţֽĿ⿴أŭǸһҽЩȫգܹúǿǿˡ
ˣȻҪøɡЦǻҵһˮ滹кܶİʯ͵ȥˡ
İ̫ˡСϲݺݵһڡ
Ǹ磬ȻҪչǵС컰δ˵꣬ɫ͵һ䡣
ôˣʵ
沼õ󷨱˴ˡɫص
һǸղ˻ˡһأ黹ʣһ룬գüһ壬ʵô죿
żЩһʱ֮仹ȥǶ˶ˡ
£ӰһΣѾʧ
Ƭٴλɫȴء
ôʵǲǺǿ
ȷʵЩǿʣһʣܹԸ˵ġ
Ҳôʵ
Ȼ⣬ûǸڿҲ쿴һأҲ֪黹ҪãֻҪ꣬Ǳܽʣµ뿪
ǵʵȻǿҪӣδܹ׷ǡ
磬Ұ㣬СڿǺǿġССȭͷһ˷ܵصһС񣬲ľٶȴܿɰǵЦѡ
أЩ˻ѲסҡҡͷʶУϴСŪˣ˯ôãڸղ˳˯ܲ˵ġ
ǾɽﲼСȻֻмδܸɶ˺ǣһʱ仹ûġ
ٴɽȥһȥʱŻ
գ쿴飬ʱԱȸղ˲٣ɢϢҲԶ֮ǰӿֲõ춼֮ڡ
ӦÿˡСС죬쵰ɢϢǿڵҶȲ
ǾȵȵȰɡͷ͵£СȥˣҲ֪ʲô취СʱЦݡ
䡭
ڵһһҽɽڴС͵վ˰֣Цżڻ沼һǴ˱УѵǱضɹ׽
ѵûٲú֣ͫ˼ؿ졣
ôܣɲִ֮ˡСЦڱ֮󣬻һȻиһһȻֻ弶ڵƵģɱʣ˻ûġ
봳ûʱܡ
˾ͺáһ
ĵԽԽǿ⿿ЩͼڵƵѾӦˣԺʯˡ΢΢̾ϢһҪ᲻ʯһóʯƵıԽһըˣҲˣʱҲԵôˡ
ȥ󲻾ãǾҪȥԴʤҪḻö࣬ǿЩмʯһЩʯЦҲвٵĸ߼ʯ
ҲǡĻδ˵꣬һͷƤĹЦʯ֮
Ƴķӡû뵽Լûˣ¸¸¡Сûǿɶӣҿôӳҵġ
˻ƵԵüΪţгſԹڻ谵ʯ֮Ե÷ǳĿֲһ
˭˭˵ҹһץ˪һһֻĽСϡ
ãǻͷֳˡСһʱ㷢һɣ㿴СΪһ⣬ɽ塣
ʱڵϣѾ˫ۣһϢȫѽ֮С


029 ͸¶
ѵ﷢ģĴ˫ۣĿɿڴؿ죬췢̫ˣЩӦˣоԼС
֮УСƽŶվĮؿǰ棬ԾһŵսϣĿгԹؿ죺Сʱ˶Ŀ࣬Ұɣ
Ծ㻹һţЦѵΪû飬Ҿûа취ˣ
Ȼʶﵽۣȣǲ̫࣬ڵʶǴﵽʥԾһţûнС
ʥôʧȥܹʹʶ֮Цﻹҵ壬Ҳˣʶｫܵѹơ
ֻܷӳٷ֮һʶ֮Ҳ㹻ˡԾɫһһתһʶ֮ϣΪһ
ȥɣ
СġСһڵǰȴһסЦ
£ָֻһʶΪһֻ

һĹ֮ϡ
䡭
ӦƣȴǰڰԾǰ
ʲôԾɫһ䣬ܵɢĿֲܣŵȫһһսڡ
ôܣôѧ˻꼼ⲻܣҲûҵ꼼ȻһðԾ£־ĻղʹĻ꼼
꼼ǿʶʹõսһѧսĹʮ
ͨսһһս˱ܶ࣬ƾսʵҲܽܡ
ԾȻҲһУʵִﵽʥ𣬿Ҳûҵ꼼֮ǰ죬ȫƾǿʶ
˻꼼һжı䣬ʶͲֵܵסĻ꼼Ҳܶ죬пܱ쳹ɱ
ΪսҾû취ôЦһʶ֮ˮһսȥ
籩
籩һ嵽սϣ㾡֮Уһ̣㴫ԾǾֵĲҽС
ôܣôܻ籩ǿڵĲ֮أ֪ˣ֮ǰڳңƹǧұȫңһ
˵ʲô˵ʲôڣʲôңɫһ䣬˵ǰǰᵽǵģҶڼ֮ǰ飬Ƕ̸ܶ
峤˵ϾʤĴ嶼֮ϣҲһСѣôĴȣ
峤ΤֽʱԽü岻򵥣Ծ˵ͲĻȴ˵֣첻ò
ҲӰԾܹ֪һЩ
ƾʲôҪߣԾһɥ֮Ȯкʸ˶˵
ôɫһ䣬ʶٴδΪ籩սȥűǰԾĲҽС
С־ͽɱˣ֪飬ΰɣ
һֱսڣȷʵɱ㣬ҿĥ㣬ҵҪֵܼʲôʱ򡣡Ц
սǰԾԼսֻۣҪ棬ص壬ʶָȫʢʱڣڵʶǿȣл꼼Ҳȷʵɱ
ⲢʾĻ꼼˲
½һˣҲ㹻ȥϾĸڣΪ֮
廨׶ָȻ˼ȴ˸оʹ̡
һ춼ֲֿܳĥ°ԾһҲ̲סȫһ쵰һħ
ҾһħܰôһЦصԹ֪˵һ֪ʲô
ΡԾȻЭҸƴˣԺñͱһҾͳңҲҪ汳
һɫȻһȷʵĵ⣬£Ծƽ״̬
ĥԾȴɱԾûл꼼ֵסĻ꼼ֻܳĥûҲסԾԾʱԴսڳҡ
ƽʱ컹壬ʱԾܳңǿɾҪ¡
ôûа취˰ɡ첻˵ԾŵЦЦЦ֮ԱߵСܲסҧгݵص磬֣ɱҲҪС
ͽòҪ䵽ҵϣҷǽ֮аúĥһ


030 
б͸ҳСҲʾȵǿ˭
Ϊɵһ͸˻ᡣԾһЦĵ
磬ô죿⻵ͷ̫ɶˡС죬˫ȭգü
üͷ岻˵ʱҲûа취һҧʵڲУͽս鶪û£Բỵ¡
ûս飬ٶȾͻήġС
ʵûʲôûˡᶨ˸Ҫ֮ʱҲǺĽս鶪
˵ţɫ΢΢һ䣬һǿϢʱʶȫ괦ڵ֮Уܲˣʲô֪

ֻеͷʲôһ£һ̣һϤϢŵＲ
ãһǵ䵽սϣΪµķģû뵽档
Ҫ
ԾһҽУϢѸٱ
Ǹ쵰ˡСϲ漴ɻôֻû
һЩ仯ܵҶͷȥˡϸһĨЦ⣬鲢û飬ԺҲٵİԾ
Ǹ쵰ȻܵͷȥˡСŭ鲻׼֮Ͷ
Ծʱû£ˣȥʣ顣Сܿ콫ʶԵ֮˳
һۣ㼱ʵʲôˣ
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ǲǻһꣿһصؿ˵һЩϹڱɱ֮طĳЩĵرУȵѰңǻûᣬǲˣ
ţͷļʶе𾪣˼ǧĵ۹ѧԺ治һɱȵġ
ʲô棿һصǲԶսģôߵѧԺкܶǰһ취㽫Ǹģǵʵûа취
ת˫һƬˮʱо̵Ŀܡ
ģû¡һѰסļЦǸѾܾˣǰһֱѹţֻǽͻȻ뿪壬ܳңѾٴνѹסˡ
ûˣ
ûˡ
첻˵ѣһҲǴﰡһ취ھͻȥߵһа취ġ
üԼܴõġЦڵʶ֮Ѿﵽۣκβˡ
ģ
Ȼġ
ǺðɣУ͸ϽߵӴһЦָصǸǰԵˣ滹ʣأ
ҪСһԣˮĴ۾˵ô࣬һòá
ðСôԣôܲءСǿɰģԽӾͶˡ
죬Ǹ˵СҪǴûоܾġ
硢áСЦһʧǰһ̣ͷһء
Ȼǰֻ˵Կˣû뵽ĿԿԼжĿؿŷɳס
Ȼ׻ûзɵУüͷһãݺݵĺϣ׸ɳԶ
쵰飬쵰Ҫʲô㲻ҪҲҪСԣŭųϵ顣
ʱҲû飬ȴͣϷһ׼Сӡ
ҾͲŽκβ㣬ҿ鶼ûССһٴطȥ
δأãһݺݵײϣײɳȥ
Ҳûо֮ǰԲѾ˵׵Ķֵ֣ǣǰСһСԴ˰㣬κβ
˰죬СأֻޱȾɥػصԣص磬Ǽһ̫۸ˡ
Ҳûа취ҵĻЦҪͱҪЩˣ㻹պܶطЩ߼ʯãЩҲдá
ðɣСЩʣţҲûа취
ôԵ᲻Ҳĵص
Ҳ֪һЦصȥԡ
˹ȥһֱߵԱߣ鶼ûжȻóһƿװһСƿ飬ҲûзӦ


031 һ׷һ
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ðһС˹ɻδأɢһֲѹòͣ¡
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һūӴ޺޵صһۣСתߵһԣһߣãһüġ
콫װƿ˼һֱװĸƿŽеװꡣ
һʧȻΪһʧʯ֮Уֻڵʣһӡ
þɫһϲһػΪڵս˲١
ʱСҲܵǹޱȾ߶һ񣬾͵
һ֮ǵѾȫʧҲͬʱۣ϶˾ϲһ죬Цʵ˶٣
۷塭
Ҳ۷塭
һЦж˾ϲ
䡭ͻȻһɫ΢΢һ䡰ǽˡ
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ĵӰʯ֮УΪһɫ׾ֱ꣬ãǴѪ꣬һֻһֱ۵ĺӣ֮ǰ߲󷨻ֱ۵ĺӡ
үǡһ죬һԹĶΪĵ
Ϊüͷһ죬һصҵ߲һ
߲¶һĨƾʲô˵ǵģĵرԵߵ֮
ǰѾҵǣֻʱˣûʱȡȻǳûˣǲҵġӳȰǻǹԹԵؽĺãƾǵʵûʸЩ
ǰǾҵˣһЦصǿǼȻܹһͷһ۵Ĳǰߡ
һ۵Ĳ񣿡Ϊɫһ䣬ؿܿһۣûзʲôĲһ
ȻƭǣȻ㲻ʶôǾͱҲһȵɱ
һӰһ˹
С˵ɽЩ󷨾õģٸҲһһЦĶ죬ȭͷһӶ
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ȭӰһͷ뿪ȭͷеȭͷһ
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Ǳ˵ĿŭһӰһ׷ȥ
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ߡһŭ𣬻ȭͷҪ󱳺ȥ

ͻȻһתüһһʶɳɵ
ʲô
ܵǿֲʶ֮ɫһ䣬һͷһ

ͻȻһĲҽУ𣬱ȻʧɫһŤͷȥǴǴ˵ĺ˸֣֮ʱڵϣȫϵس鴤
ȻϲûƣɫȴǳѿΪף˵ʶѾ٣ԺһûĻˡ
׷ҪʬΡ
һͺȣʱ˹ȥ
˺ܿСɽ׷ŵˣݣС쵰ô죿ȻٶȲ࣬õҪս֧֣ȴƾԼٶȣȥᱻ׷ϵġ
İɣȻжԸǵġЦһűסĲĵطɱȥ
Сȥŭ죬óһҪȥ
쵰ס֡ŭҪǽ߲ˣҷǵðƤ
ԣɫһ䣬Ͻ֡
Ӱ⣬գ۱뿪Сɽǧס


032 ֮
ȥ
ͻȻóһѱѷų嵽ǰ㶪ȥ
һܵѷдĿɫһ䣬Ȼ˵һ뵽ʦĿֲҴ⣬ƣϽˡ
һˣҲҵѸٺˣһ˾ʮףöҷڵϱըʱе΢ɫһƬ֪࣬ĵ
ʱٶ֮⣬վϵһӡ
׷
һŭٴ׷˹ȥûܵһܵʵĺ棬Ϊȷʲô
ݡԶϣ¶ɭȻЦݡ
ߡ
˻Ϊ⣬գ۱㵽׿⡣
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ʳ嵽ǰʱͻȻһһų޺Ȼֲ֮ͺܹ˵һ㡣
ô£Ȼͣ£һĴܣվ֮أ֮ǰվ֮
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ã󷨣һޡ꾪ŭӣʱ׸ղʲô
ԭһֻǿĹޱղžڳ󷨣Ȼȫǽеһö󷨳
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033 
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Ĳһ·˿׷ҺŴС֮ء
һ뵽ղŵΣΣڻ¡
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Ĵ֮￴ǸԲ̣һϳǱ򶼷ǳ̡
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иʹʵǿ̽鵽ԲһʮڵһдаڵսڵԼһЩĵر
֮⣬ɼĳ˵սעУֻҪ˿̽鷶Զ׷ѰļƷ
һ̽ΣûҵĿģеɫҲԽ


034 ս
ףٴọ́һۣ˫оͱ˷֮ɫ֮⣬һʺһ߻һǱضǣΧǿĹҵҪӡ
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֮⣬˻ǰУǣͬҲУɴȥȴȻûаеӰ
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Ȼ㼱Ҿͳȫ㡣ȻɱӰһ˹

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ļʸдʧɫҲ˲żʸȥ
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첼սԱǰ˺ܶ࣬õҲ֮ǰȻһͨս


035 
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ˡ
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ԾϵСӸһһ飬ǿúһҲͻЩƿԺҲ˳˳ˮ
ص壬ĸ߲һ棬һƿ齻ɣʵ
һ죬ֻһ룬һֽ죬óһصΪ´󹦵Խøҡ
Ȼôú鷳Ҳɵ˼ˣȻֽȫ˽ÿ˸˼顣
Щ£㽫Լص֮УҲˡ
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صôԴȻɱڣȴûκαؿִµֻҪԾϺͶǿפңǾ͸ûа취Ըǡ
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Ҫ˵ˡִµһǰҵ̽ӱ㴫ϢԾϺͶǿԼ뿪ˣֻʣ¶ȫȼʣ֮Ҳֻʰ⣬ֻҪɳһʻʣܽɱ⡣
ŶԴ˫һϢȷʵǵı
ںʵСִµǿԸʮа˾ġ
ԺҵͷȷʵһϢǱѹѹţټӰûдԶսڼӵƶЩҸǰڻβҪǱɷöҩ˼ͳϣͶˡ
ڼһʤһʿ˾ȼ壬ڸûа취֮ܽĶԹȷʵõġ
˵ţһתԺҵǰοҳ˲СĿα֮һŪǿǲ뿪ңǧɣ
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үʲôԸһ죬񣬶󣬻һĮ꣬˱ǵɱء
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õмʯǳϻеʸʵúܿ죬Ѵﵽ񣬶ǰָһ飬ʵҲһͻƵ
ǵʵ꣬ɲǵҩܹ𵽵ЧЦЦأҲ飬Ϊʲô£
ڲ񣬷δͻƵŵʵһЩٷáһĮ˵
걻ͶȻ첢ûټƽ֮ǰ飬ҲȴޱȲˡ
õԴȻҲˣʹԭʵǿ˸Խˡ
飬صҲûԹԣɱ죬ûбѾ˵ˣȻĴϲˣҲеܳһ
ˣȫǼ⣬ϾЩԴŪҪ˭Ǹûзʸ
ÿһ󼶵ͻƶƿȻ飬Լƿȫˣܽͻƿȷʵһ⡣ͷҲҪסڵĳɳٶȺܿ죬źܴĺôܱܿ˸׵ͷ
ǡعشӦ


044 ؼңģ
߰ɣҪڼﲼһЩ󷨣Ҫǰæ뿪СԺ֮æµһæʱ䡣
ȳԵ㶫ɡǱСԱߵæģôࡣ
ϾҪˣȰŪĸȻȥɡЦЦֿʼæµ
ðɣɵҵûȥڼأҵûȥ
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ǰƺãɹڵ滭Ƶͽ˸۵һȦ
֮һͼûһ˾һ㣬ȫһƨڵϣĨ˶ͷĺ顣
û뵽ҲôˣǰΪʦء䴭Ŵ˵
ûʲôɵģֻ˲֪ѡЦͨУǶôǿ󣬿Էأһ㣬ȴ֪Ϊʵǳ˶ٿ࣬ա
ҡҡͷվˣȥԷˣҲһɡ
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콫ڣüͷ΢΢һ壬е˵Ŀɬζеûζ߻һζжˡ
Сһֿۣһۣ췢ִʱһڴؿжʱףͲģġ
ζ൱ĺáҧȥ˻һڣʱü۾ЦóԾͶԵ㣬⼸ô࣬˲֪ΪŰء
˵䣬ӣ֮£̵ĺⶼ룬Աߵƺ֪ζҲЦԵ㣬Ϊġ
̡һӱ÷ƺ죬ͷһɬ
ĽӴ磬ܹԵĲˣϧСܳԣֻܿ㡣СһɥĵϾ飬ȻܹʱÿϻǵûףҲܳκεĶֻ
ᣬɿǹĵֲö˵ʲôֻö룬ҧ̶ҩһЩȥϻñֳζܱ顣
̣ҲԽζԺʣµĶ־룬һľٶθˮӿ
ﻹôأǿлԷģôȫҡˮһӣһһݡ
лүһмһлɵǺʱϵıͽסˡ
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˶ɵӣһĻ˼ٶ˵䣬ֻһܵȫȥ
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һ͵ĸĲζû˵˾Զͷˡ
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극ͬʰӣǱСȥˣֻʣˡ
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Ȼ֮ǰͳ쿡һ죬Ȼ֪ʲôζΪʲôڶ˳ҸղŲġ
㡭üŭ조쵰
ֻʵʵ˵ͷĽ
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045 һ
ô£һܵſڣÿ붫ȫűӣһʹ
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046 
ҳΪڵƹ֮ڼвһֱڰΪ˼壬㼤ңڳһο֮Ҳû뿪ڼ嶷һֱ͵
һֱһǧ꣬岻ʵǵ̶ڿڼ壬ǵҰҲð˳ʱھǧķչѾΪһĶڣпܳΪ
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бһֱĴڼԿʹİ֮⣬ʵ壬УҲʧ٣ҹڱĴڼ壬ʯ١
ȻڸѹĴڼ壬ĴʵָԶĴڼ嶼ҲҹڷҲܾˡ
ĴڼΪԼʵ㿪ʼҿŵùļ壬ʱұҵУΪһλ̫ϳʱȻģҶо֮ǵڣҲҹмѣұ뷨ǳΪʮļ塣
Ϊɺļ֮󣬵õԴ֮ǰʵúܿ죬ʼҲǣϵһΪ
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˵ţ̲סЦЦ˺һżΪƣӴھ˵㡣
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ڴ˵֮ʣڳ϶˺⣬ʱҲֻı顣
Ǻôģɻʵ˵ҵϵȫˡ
ϵʱ̫죬Ǹû뵽ǻ¶ⶾµģȷʵһֲƹǧ꣬ҲŲٵıֶΣҲ֪


047 ǿ
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һЦĵͷڴҲΪʣλҲȫҲﵽʣҵ֮ʵǿ֮ʣϻвٵ飬ֻҪúãʮָܹǿʱɡ
˵һɻصСԺһţ㿴ǡ죬ʱǻеС
ɫ΢΢һһԱߵɣ¶һĨεĿЦıףԼʱ䣬ŮȻɡ
ˡһ죬һϲĵϵΪеŮˣԼһˡ
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Ȼǵ󲿷ݶһЩŮ˵İ˹ң췢֣ʱйԼҵ顣
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048 ս
츳ܲʮ겻ȻѴﵽʣһǸ߼ʦֻҪʱ㹻ԺǴ½ϵķ͵ߣֻϧѡԼΪУע𡣡
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049 ɱķ
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ױ족
ֲϱ𣬾Ÿ̫˲ڰͷһƬֱߣͬʱУܲ綾һ֣ɢĿֲϢõðⶼɫ䡣
ϲصģھ˲ǡһЦнӡı仯һȻ֣ԼʸΧ
ʮ֮Ʋ֮УԾĿɿڴؿߵı仯ð죬ǿſЦԾϰǺܿͱЩСһ̭ˡ
ǰԾҲһĿЦЩСһԶսжõУѪ֪֮ǿ˶ٱͬսʵǿһ󼶣Ҳ˼һԺôӴ
ˣԺҲûϣˣܷ廹ϣġ¶һĨЦ⣬Ժע⼸СһģܷСԶսȻˣȴԵݣǻԵĻԵ
򰡣Ҳ֪⼸һݣǿɶѪ֮ǲܷȻ츳Ѫ֮Ŀֲ벻ģǲܷǣҲᱻ׵ԶġԾЦ
ǿ϶еģ½ôм˵ѪأЦܷȻ츳ǿҹһҲֻܴﵽڱǼޣϾǻûôԴﵽ𡣡
Դ֮ͺˣԶսõԶŵҩʣȻҸлңȴȻһлǣһ飬ܷСӴﵽûˡ
Žһõ˺õĻԵԺ죬õʲôĻԵֻҪԺ΢һΪʥͲ⣬Ҳ򲻹һСҵĵȴʥǺεȵ
δ˵̲꣬ס˷ܵЦ
ѵǵûʹãԾϳԾؿŲ
ϼһﲻһûáһļЦ׼ûȥǵʹá
ȻϺ֮ɫȻ黫ǿ翴ŲҲ̲ס̾һ漴һתݼ鼮أ˿˵ÿ˶˵ģ˲ã²ϣһҲᵹù
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ܹõ˿϶Ĵ֮£Ҳضתģ˵ͷ
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ͬʱͷƬҲӿ˺ѳգ£ǴĻ֮õһԵİɫЩס
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ǳҾͷģһҪڣҪһڻں֮УҪҼȮ
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Լʣɺǲʣһ뵽ϵǵİΣҧе
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ȻĵرҪǸʣʵĹЧܺã˶ʣҲֻǡ
ԭʣҲֻǴ۷ǳڰˡ
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051 ٳǺμ
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ˣå˼ŮҮСͻȻŴ۾죬Ҳٿֱղˣ֪Сĵ֮⣬ȫһʱûзӦ
ԱߵĺǲССĿԡ
ֻСǴ۾ͻȻһ֮⣬һǿðⶼɫ֮Ϊһ⣬˫֮С

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μΪЩʵǣ嶼еΣִѹǣμȴѹûмʵӲ٣ҲѹƲסǡ
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ˣﲻǷĲ°ЦҲһ죬˵ɡ
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052 ɱ
ȷʵ죬Խ죬Խ켵Цúܿģӵܾ˺Ļ£ǡ
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053 һǧ
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Įı飬֪ԼĴգҲһ䣬Աߵڳϣÿһһѵϻһ㣬ǿ־岻ѡ
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054 櫱ץ
ףʲôˣһı飬оԾ
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ѧԺԸоڵѧǰ˺ܶ࣬ӦЩʤ𣬲֪˭ʤߣԼӵܱۣûѧԺ
˻ǱȽģϾԼһǵ۹ѧԺһʤȻһǲġ
Ժסɽȣԭǲģˣ·ҲûȫŽȥˡ


055 оһ
ǿڻˡյľסСԺſڣ±˳ɣͷǲµǿ϶ϻȫڵ㡣
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⣬˾ڧ֮Ѿȥˣǰ£Ǳܵ
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ȻйϵǾȫɭȻЩϲģһŹ
ɱڳ˶ɫһ䣬ȫɻ򶫷Ԫʵϣ˾ΪʲôҪɱ˾죿
԰ʤڴ֮У˾ôʱɱ˾ǣҲ̫ԾˡҲɻʵ
Ϊ櫡ԪһĨŭ⣬ɻʱ֮壬һΪһܹؼ䴢֮УʱһԽԽ󡣡
ܹϵͻƿʵǣԺҲƿֱ¼õ񵤡
ʲôѵҪԼʵȫʧɫҲɫ䣬ǵԪ϶صͷʱһȫסȭͷбŭĹâ
Щ쵰ô櫿һ˰
ֱһȺǾȻΪԼʵ˶
Ⱥֱȶħ磬ӦȥǧС
ȫȫŭһ˫ۣȫŨصɱǶʶҶϲǰ櫲ôǣһ뵽ôɰСҪ˻Ǿܲˡ
˾ҵЩ̫ϳôûֹô˾ϵ˸ɳȭͷȫڲ
ʵЩϼһһֱҲڴ櫵⣬ֻǰΪ˾ڣСĸҲһˣǻЩ˼ɣҵССЧáƼҴ̾һ
ʮǰɷ˲ٵĸ֣ҵĸ֣͵ϮƼңһƼҲͱˣҺýԺͶԼ˾ǼʱϵžƼҡ
ҲΪһ̣Ƽҵʵ¶˳Ϊ˴ѹһҵ棬㽫ܶصĸֶչ˳õɷźʧء
ʱҲֻ뵽ɷһȴû뵽ǵʵ¶֮󣬾Ȼ˾ҵļɵ
ѵ˾ҵڧı¶ʵйأüͷһ壬ɻ
ĿЦһ̣Ƽҳλۼ֣ǿĴﵽۣҳλۣǿĴﵽۣ⻹ң۹ѧԺʮλۣǿĴﵽۡ
˾Ϊʤ壬Ȼֻɳ˰ۣǿҲۣʱֻΪ˾һʵҲû̫࣬ɺǲ֪˾һžۣûгҲŽۡ


056 о
˾ҵʵչֳʵ磬˵ҵ۹ѧԺǰҶ֪ʵŶ٣˭֪Ȼ໥ɵҲûдﵽµز
εʵչ¶˾Ҹе˿ֻţҽӻλЩϼһʵѹǡ
ʵ˵ôﵽǸһ弶ҩʯͻȻƿѾ󣬿ɸ߼ĵҩȴòõҲǳޣǽˊ櫵ϡ
ܽϵҵļϼһʵܶ࣬һЩʴﵽۣǼһڣѹǼ
ԣЩϼһҵ˾죬˾ӦҷӦǿңϼһһŭ˾֣ǿн˾ץȴ˾Ϊ˾ȼ˴Ŋ뿪ȻԱЩϼһ
û뵽ǣ˾Ǻò״Ŋӳ˻ʹȴ͵ȺԼҸסһս˾ȫˣȻǵõϢǰԮɊȻԼץߡ
Ļ쵰ֱ硣˵ȫ˱̲סŭ
һȶȫˣٴʵڿЊ櫵Ϣ
ֻ֪櫻³ʱûΣաĵԼɷ֮Ϊ櫷һЩִԭԼץߊ櫣Ǽ̫ϳʵ
ȴǸս櫴سǣ㱻ɷŵ֪ɷűҪ󽫊櫽ɷţԼȴԸ⣬ҲΪڲʱȫҹԼһǻõɷŽ櫴ߡ
ϾԼҲɷַһɷŲٹǣұֻһ;
ǿ֪ɷŵʵΣ˼£ԼҲӦ櫽ǣǻ᲻ɳԽ۵ĸǰ
һɫһӶƬ̣Ʋų֮ߵջ̫ǿһϢȥɷŻ½
Ȼˣɷ˾һܷŹʤΪʸ֮ġ
Ҳǵģǽ˶ɵ³ǣһеɷŵ뿪ϧһд۽ɱĳ
ɷ˶ɱˣҲп߳ŭɳǿĸǰʱҲֵסĵص
ҵǿԷģɷֻһȫֻڣ棬ǲ׽ɳġԪЦҲǰ裬ЩۡʣҲ̫⣬һǰ˱ضɳ֡
ȻԶϲ򣬵˿ǼԴģɷһܹǵģһסͲˡ
һ£Ԫ⣬һʱ䣬ǵ鵽֮ԻԼұǰӹһʵѡģǱԼұȵġ
ô£üͷһ壬ȻĴģʵҲԼôܱȵǣ
⿿ԼȻУеɷŵһǽͲͬˡĵǽԶսǰ죬ԼҾɷŵ˵ңҸû뵽Լһ֡
ûʲôһӾͱԼɷŵ˽гϺ»סҵ̫ϳ֪»ҵڳѾǿз¶ҩûеɷŵƽҩֻ·һ
һҼڳȫˣʵ𣬱ضĴ֮ʱԼɷ׼һͬǰȥĻλ۸֣ҵ̫ϳ붯ҲԼҵĶֻ֣ᱻš
ԼһвգұƼԼҵӪ˵ţ̾һ⻹ǴⰡڼԼұǼִѹһ֮ʵˣǾΪȥˡ
˭뵽Լҵô󣬾ȻᣬҪ緢֣Ҳ˵ı
˵ʲôˣҲѵɡҾܹ취ŪжĽҩ˵ԽҴԼҵӪʱԼҹͺöԸˡ
ҾһǽͷݣҡڲҰļּԺǳ鷳һĮгɱصȻѡԼңǾһ˰ɣʡԺ鷳
ԣġԪƺһۣжһĨ쳣û뵽Ȼ˵ǿһ尡˵ԸͲζԸ˵ġ


057 ŭ˾
˵ôţѵʲô취ԸǣĿ죬һڴĵ
ҪǲѣҪľǾȳ櫡Ҳ櫳һ˺ֻҪ櫾ȳһж˵
һֱ³ﲻҪȳ櫻鷳뿪³ǻǵЩ˵ǰĳ
Ȳôãʱһã櫾ͻԽΣգǱ뾡콫櫾ȳɫصһᰲţʱλǰһ֮
û⣬ԼҲǵĵˣһǽʵҲǾ޴вһش
СǼѧ֪СץҲŭ죬üζҪȳֻϧǲԼңСΣաԪ̾ϢСݼΪʦʵǷŽ죬¹⿿Լһ֮岻ס˾ϵ˵ҰģҶ֮ƣ˭뵽컹ǳ顣
˴ӦҲǺһЦڹԼҵ۹ѧԺĵˣ˽ǵѧҵ۹ѧԺΪʤػȻǲڸ֣֮ܵΣʱ̣Ƕֱʤ
Լҹɷʤɱҵ۹ѧԺѧǹȻƣԸǣҵ۹ѧԺгԱ޷ˡ
лʦλϡվ˵һл˿֮ʣóƿҵһЩջϣʦλЩ
ŶʲôƺһĶ˫΢УЦƿ򿪣ոܵǾϵıһӱסˡ
顭
顭
ôܡ
ĻδڣԪ˱ܵƿеľվһľ֮иǳš
Ȼ飬ҪȻǵʵôô졣һЦԪŷ֣ǵʵѾ֮ǰ뿪ʱǣʵǣҲҪſܵģҲ뿪һ¡
֮࣬ҲɴĽԼϵƿ򿪣ƿе飬˵Ȼӿ죬иǱһĹâ
飬ȫ飬һһΣÿƿжΡ
ð죬ԪŻعϽƿ𣬾±һ㣬ЦӹȻǸԵ֮鶼ܱҵˣ뿪ѧԺûظǣֵܵ۹ȥһӦйذɡ
ǵȻΪ飬ǿڹֵ۹ǾһܵʮʸֵΧͻزءĵ
Ѿͷ´Ц˵ԭ׵õŲͼģѾͷ¶ݣڶֵΧ
һ죬˭˵أе¡
Ѿͷ֪أ޷죬һ᲻֪ЦЦɫصǵõһ»˭֪
֪Ȼ٣ŵùģй¶ȥ֪ģҲûءڻʱڡѵڵϵ˵һ顣
һʵǲ֪˭ز̫鷳ĳҾ֪ˣҲ壬򻹲һܹԵµġ
ǻǵŬУֻԼʵǿˣܱԼ뱣һС
˵ͷ
ʦ㹫ͻȻȥǡ
ǾѧԺ˲ᣬһҩǾָһЩĵرĶ
סͷȻû˵ȴ֪˼
Ҵȥɣµ˵ͷȥ뿪ʱóƿֱ𽻸뽣ġ
ƿﶼװ飬ɺģĵתԪġ
Ըܿأ飬顢ֵǶ飬ֻҪ˶飬Ͳˡ
һִĹϵΪУϾʵںܶϻýңǴùϵǳҪ
˾סɽԵһСԺ˵˾ǵ˺أٳһϵǾпȫ䡣
סɽԱߣΪˡ
δţСԺﴫŭĽ䣬ǳһޱߵɱ⡣
ҽ⿪սƣҪȥǲ


058 ǽ
㹫ϢŭƸܶսϼˣΣ֪ڵСҲҪ˺ȥһȰ˵ţ˾ܲˣֻҪȥ
⣬ûʣ±͵ӱǾȻ㹫һֱҪȥСֻϵ̫ˣһսпΣ
֮ǰΪ˳ȥȻȥչʦ֣㽫ʦˣѣֻܽս
˵ͷûٶ˵ʲôŶ
һţֵ˾һ۱㿴죬˫һ죬嵽ǰ־͸һƣ쵰櫻磬ôĹ㣬ڳˣȻŲʣ쵰һ쵰Ҵ͊櫶ˡ
죬һҲ˾㺬޳֣϶ʱͳһںɫӡҲѪ
Ůƾʲô˰
ǴһõϢʹӼˡ
컹δͰ˱ŭδ˵꣬˰ֹ֣ǡ
㹫˵ò櫽Ҹ磬Ҿ͸ñڳˣȴߣҵĴ
С쵰ôô˵櫳£ǿ˾Լ⣬ʲôϵ
ѧ㣬˵Դûһ壬Ӧ취櫾ȳҡҡͷóһƿݸ˾飬ǵ˺ָܿ
ĸ֣˾ȫһҲûпһù򿪿һۣȷʵ飬Ҳ˵űݣлûеһ䡣
Ů̫߰ˣ˭Ƿһ˾ıӰŭص
Ƿŭı飬ԱߵһĨ죬漴¶кЦݡ
ε۹ѧԺȳĳ˾֮⣬˾ҵ峤˾ɺ߳˾ʣ춼ʱйһ֮Ե
Ƕ˾һϵĳϣҲһҪ֮ˣûеǣлĴ㡣
ڼ˾֮ȥˣÿ˸һ飬ǵƿԸĺ
ðʱѧԺѧԺҵΤ֣ԼҵһЩ˽һ
Τ˵뽣˵һҶúϣмϸ̽鵽һ˸ͽӴǵܡ
һЩҪĵطȥˣ򲻹˭ᱻֱӴΤҲҵһЩͨԼ˵ߣͽӴЩ
Ҫ뿪ҹˣǿ⹦ԼңǵõٵϢɲûкϢ
ҹ˵ԼɷΪúɷҪ櫴ţ׸ɷŵʵ
Լȴ̫ϳ櫣ʵϾǲܿɷһӣһʤļ֮ԼҲòųΪɷŵĿܣҲһԼʵ
Ϊˣ˫úտʼڵɷŵǿ֮£Լһ·磬ǽҲ֣ɷ൱
ɷŲδʹ˰ݣԼҲ櫸ǣǻ˳ʤֹ֧ͣԼңԼҶʤ
ԴˣԼҺܼҲܷŭûеɷŵ֧֣Ǻܱܿʤš
ҹ˵Լʱ䡣Τֳ˼£ͻȻп빷ǽ
ǽɫһ˼Լ뱳ŵɷţ
пܡΤֳɷ˶ĸǰʤ˴ѪҹǿܲҪʤʯô򵥣пǳԶսΪʤÿһǧʯǸ˶Ѫòʧ
ֻԶսſ˷ģҪ֪ԶսԶŴ֮⣬вԶʯսͷһǾƷûĸõҾʱѰԶսʲô֮£ǰв⡣
һһԶսȣֵһᣬֻҪõԶսɷŽȫΪ½һΪҲʲô¡
뵽Լҿ϶Ҳ뵽Ը⽫櫽ɷţΪΨһɷһĴڡ
ֻнԼҳڸ֣ʱɷԶս⣬ԼҲøĺôԼûڣһʤĸԼڵɷǰʲôǣʱɷҪҲ޷֮
ԣԼھԲܽ櫽ɷţпǳ˫ʱʱԼҳһڸ֣ɷǿҲֻۣԼұռɷŵʱ뿪ʤԼһڣҲѹ


059 սʼ
ɫǳѿһ˼Τ˵ʵԼҡɷŲΪϵһģΪʲô鶼ó
ǿɼ櫡쿴ҹ䣬ʵ
Լҵĸţ޷ڲûܵ˺ҹ
ȥŊ櫣һԼٶϧһдҲҪֹ쿴ҹ䣬лᣬý櫸ȳ
ǡҹתʧ
㲼һ£ǱжʱҪİΤ˵һתš
صѧԺҵġҹ̽鵽Ϣ˵ˣֽΤֵĲ²Ҳ˵ˣҲΤ˵еȥ
ҸղŻʱ£֮岢һһϦ֮£ʮ죬һ£ڼ䲻ܴţ֮˱ؽ߻ħ֮ء
ҾӦԼҾ³Ѿƽٲܱһµƽ³֮壬տܹܴɣǿ϶Ŋ뿪³ǡ
һо³ΣڵϦɷŵҲѹǽ櫣ʱǷ񽻳櫣ԼƹŊ櫻ǵɷŵˣǶضŊ뿪³ǡ
ֻҪһ뿪³ǣǱлᡣ
뿪³ǣĳ˼£ȷʵһ⣬ֻǹ⿿ǣѸǴΣհ
ʦʱ㻹Ҫô쿴ģЦ˾ѾԵ۹ѧԺɵ绢罫չֳʶ۹ѧԺǻһһҲҡ˵
Ĳؿһ죬ЦʦڵʶѾͻƵһڣܶǰ֪Ķ֪ˡ
˵òͰ˵һ϶ϵڴ֮һ뷢԰ףЦݵ
ס
Ժ
ĵһߣ׷
ض񡣡߶һ֣ĵ֮ǰʵһǳԱǲΪʸ֮ģñ˺ǣѳɣǾͱ뽫ʵչֳС
ǣġԼԪꡢȫ
ӣȻѾмƻǾȫ֧㣬Ҫôֻ˵һЦݵؿ졣
ǴЦݣõеУԼĳһ㡣
лǰмص
Ҫ˵лӦҲǡЦҪ㣬Ѿͷڿ»δͻƵʣܵõ飬ͷҲʶ˴˵еĵر
Ҫ˵ʲô߰˰֣ĻͲҪ˵ˣӦ취콫СȳǣԼҴһ죬ΣվͶһ֡
ͷĵˣɫصھʹϢҪóҡ
ͬʱɳ³Ǿۼ֮ƣһҵļسǾۼ޷ԮԼңҪע⣬³ȥһҪԼҺ͵ɷǿһڼǱߣһǣסС
Ҹ߲ȫԼԶҩƣһԼƣҺпܻɳ־ԮǱߵ¸͵ֵסǡԪĵص
ϵĵЩˡЦҽԶսĺδұĽкӵ֪ܶˣЩĲҲĵİسǣɴ˿ɼǲԼҺ͵ɷš
ԼҸͲͬġ
ЩһֱǽͷݣҡڲΪʲôΪԴռˣǿļ壬Լö˼гϣҲܸһߵڵġ
ԼôֻҸǣƴȥһԼ޵ļ壬غԼĵ̣ҵʱ϶ȥԼҡ
һ£һĨɱȥԼңǱߵ˲Ҫǣǵߺ󣬳׽Ҹˡ
˵òƽʱҿ֮ԼҵĻһټ֮ʱǿ϶׷ԼҡЦһСܼ˵ĴԶǵΪҪ
»ԺҵĳܹƿҵλãǶԼں̶ȾԳԼﲻҪǸλá
ãôˡԪȫͷͬˡ
һ󣬸ȥ


060 ˾
ڶԪ뿪۹ѧԺһʱ۶ĴǱ㴫ҡƼҺ͵۹ѧԺҪϧһд۽Լ
ԭԼָʹӵܣԶս͵Ϯ۹ѧԺѧԺʹνԶսѧʧء
ųݻ˭ҰԼңԼңȮ
տʼһΪ˭ҥԣɽЩеԶսļҲ׷վӦȻǵʵԶÿҲɳʣ༸ۼҲһɲٵ
ڸӦ֮ʣ۹ѧԺƼҡҸӿһ󲿷Լڵ³ǶȥһСڵļسǶȥ
ɳ˵Ǻܶ࣬һ⣬ȫԸԳϿշ³ǵģиǲһЩĴ֡
˸ߵ˶ףοǴսʼˣҲ׷ѡԼվӡ
۹ѧԺƼҡʵʤģܶԭԼұϵѡԼң޹ϵ
سҡ
У»һɳϾ֮УϷ뷢԰ףɣߣʱɫÿѹ˶촭
ð죬ɨһۣƼҡҺ͵۹ѧԺĸѵس⣬εĶģԼҸղִϢɳиǰȥҶ˵˵ڸô죿
ʵ࣬סǡһϵǱɵԼֵðȥȣ
ҵõϢҽʵ˳Ƽ۸ɳʮ۸ɳʮ۹ѧԺΪֲȻɳʮǿԺ£ʵѾﵽۡһϳԼһֻʮ۸֣ɷǰһʮʮǿҲֻаۡ
ȻЩʵһЩ۸ּҲŰҴ󲿷ǵͼۣǰȥԮԼҲؽ𣬵ʱҪȫ壬ֵô
ԼʹñֶǣܹˣξҲȥ˴ͬھһԼһ壬ֵˡһҳϷŭ
֮ԣ»ԿǣĬһȻѡ»Ա㣬ҲԲôԼҡ
ܵ»ɢŨɱݣ֪ʲô⣿
Լ֮ǰȥԮֻҺλϡ»һĮ˵ȴɱ
տʼ˻⣬ܵ»ϵɱ֮г϶ʱ˼
ãǾԼ֮ԣǰȥԮҲ¶ɭȻЦ⡣
ô꣬û뵽ٴδﵽһµľϹЦ
Ͼñط֣־ñغϣ֮ôãҲúϽˡ»ҲЦг˺
ԣǸúϽˡ
úϽˡ
ڳȫЦһЩϵиЦᣬλİ׷ʹû˵ôЦһܷ֣ߵ۾ʪˡ
Ц»ͻȻתλλ߹ص̫ϳϣԺͿˡ
Ȼü䵽زȫǼˣȴûҵ磬Ȼҵĺöɡм߼Ȼվһϵ˵
л̫ϳϡ»ڳȫع¡̫ϳϡ
Ҳվڸղ˵ߴ£ųصĲŴ֮ȥ
λһȥ⸮ļžһһ㣬һ˿һ˵ĴϢûС
֮ʱ˾ڿĿֲʵ֮ҲǵľÿһʵǿǾȻǻ壬ô꣬ЩȻûзǡ
Լңʮ۸֣˾ǿһ֮ǰ췴˾Ҹ͵ֵס
ͬʱҲףΪʲôԼЩԽţûκУʵȷʵŵıǮ
Լʵ˾ǿ˾֮ǰҲһЩҲΪʲôЩ˾붫ߵúܽԭ
ҺƼҵʵҲǣ˾ҺˣǶңһֱܵ͵ȴȻŲԼҵʵ
и³ǣ塣һƣ˫˸ã߶˾ҵ
̫ϳϣʵ֮ʱûҪȥ۹ѧԺǰ˾ϼǵʵǿֻ̫࣬໥ƴɱʧʵܱ֤ǵĵλ
̧ͷ˾ϣޱص뵽ѵҾ벻
˾ɫһ䣬Ͻ졣


061 ս
ɨһۣŴ϶ɻŵȥǰ۹ѧԺȥǸСѾͷֻнСѾͷʵǲѹǼ
ԣ˫һ˾һĿһ̫ϳϣҪǰг֣˳㽫۹ѧԺǵĸָɵһЩ
ɫһһ֣žһ鵽˾ϣһںɫӡ˻һԵڵϡ
һĻȫɫһ䣬һηؿߣоɻ
ѵ˾岻ɣһȣ˾ȫһϽڵϣֵص̫ϳϢŭҲһЩʵ
ǵʵЦ۹ѧԺʤǧ꣬ʤ˳ϵĸֶ֮Уϵĸָǲǳ֣һգֻҪЩ˵ĸֻ˵һ˾ңʮ˾ңҲᱻɱüȮ
һ˾϶ͷ亹ֱðղֻ뵽۹ѧԺ˽¶ʵȴ˵۹ѧԺĵ̡
ÿʮһǰˣȻЩҲӵܣÿһ붼ǵ۹ѧԺЩʦϵ״ӣǾĵ۹ѧԺӵܡ
ÿʮֻһˣڸԻ˵Ƕôֲһ֣ͲЩܹġ
̫ϳϣǹȥֻΪץСѾͷæԸԼңҲǡһϵĵصϾ֮ǰǿǽ˵ġ
³ǵԼ˶ȥȻ֣ȻҪնݳ¶ɭȻЦݡ
ԣ˫һ˾ƨ̫ϳӢ
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ϢŭڲǼƽ֮ʱԴɸϽ˾Ȱ˵ڵĿǾȳ櫣飬Ժ˵
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ⱾǸģ̸鷳ԴһЦ漴һ࣬ԱߵĽĵȵְɡ
һͷһ̣ɱǿϢ³Ƿȥսϵİƶɢ
ɱ
ɱһ죬ڵԼҺ͵ɷŵĸҲʾһų˹
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뽣ĵ˲ûս³Ͽգǻսһ˫֣϶¶΢Ц
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ɷŵĸҲкüˡ
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062 
ˣҲæ죬ΪһˣǰǴûȵĳ棬ڵѪͷ
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ȵҡȫҲ֮һͺ𣬻Ű˳˹ȥ
С塭ӢܶŶȫĻδ˵꣬Դɱһ֣ȥɣྭһЩսкô
Ӣܲ˵Ҳ˵ôһɱؿԶĴս
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һȥԼҿֻǼʼûǷϣʱһЦĳ뽫ǻɱ
˶û뵽ǣʸճ嵽ǰ˱һ֣һ˸ɱ
Ĵ֮׵ĳҲЦףŵǴΪУǾԼҼȮֵǣɱ
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ڿŶȫʵʵЩһ֮ϣԴ±Ӱ
ӰԼһΪܳӵܣ۹ҲǰĴڣʵʹﵽ𶫷ȫ֪ǿ˶ٱ
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ԣߵãߵ㲻ƵУ߸ͷ֮һһ̹ͷɢҲСһȦ
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鼱֮£ǻӽ𣬺ݺߵã


063 ޳˾
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취ûЩˣʤˣԺҲղסʤ
취

ۿԴվ춼û˵һҲ̲ס˫ȵ˾ңƴˡ
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064 һ
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ҲһȴǾȻ˶ĸ֣ûв´ڵʵҲǶҺ͵۹ѧԺȫϧ֮ǰɱ˫ۣû̫ϳϵȰ档
ǻңһֱεУֻҪǼֵˣδؾûһƴ֮뼱Ȱ˵
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»ҵĳ϶˶ѵǲˡҩֻеɷŵУһǰˣҲõҩ
סǧҪСĶ֣»Ȼ˶ûнҩɣһвٵϼһЩϼһԲΪǼ˵ٵҡԴ˵̾һ
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ҲΪʸȫ첻κεΣգֵܲŻһȥɱԼʡ
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065 Ҹϵ

һֲ֮һȻԴµı󣬸˿ķӦԴ֮Уһ̣ԴһҽУǰ̵Ȼһͣ

һԴ˫ԴĲҽоԵ֮зһ㣬ëȻ
쵰ȥ
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ãֻ˵ƤҪһ֣ҵСľûˡȫµ˵ǲҰ׵Իδ
Ƿһð죬ȫǻعһЦؿŶȫǷôһӿǻˡ
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쵰ųҲŹǡ
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ϵѪԺҵҲ»ǲû˵٣һЩϻˣȻǲžһս
Ȼ˵֮ʣĶ֣һҵĳϳ֮ʣһϮҺԺҵҲսӦ죬ܵǿֲĽϽӽסһȻûԴǿֲȴˣһĨѪ
æԺҵһʮף»Դš
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ԼڸֶϣЩߵĸַ׷˻һʱ֮䣬Լҵʿǡ
ԺҵΪԼҴϾʸ֣ĶǶҵĶ϶һƽʱƺƣݾͻһߡ


066 櫲
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ߴԺҵֵĻᶼûУֻòͣĶּĴսɲһʿɲȥġ
ԣҵĴϣͬΪʵû˿ĳɣԺҵȥ
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Ժҵȴһٿ򶫷Ŀⶼɱ
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ҴϣȻöÿƣһӵĳ裬˳Լ˵ѪϴˢҾҪּؼʱ򣬽Ǵ

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ΨһܹͷģҲֻнǸ֮ץȥ׸ŵЩ̫ϳϣһ֮źܿܶһ
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᲻ǰ㽫Сתˣȫüͷǿɾ鷳ˡ
ᣬ֮ǰһֱ˶ǣڴս֮ǰ櫻϶ǸղŲ뿪ġ


067 Сһ
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ȫתüͷһ壬ء
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ȥ
һͺȣ붫ȫ˸ҹԼҵԺȥ
Ƭ֮һֻͨһ˾סСԺһ䣬ҹһǴһص
صڲֻһ˽ɽȥ֮ȴһ㲻СĸƽŶС
ص֮пһۣ㷢ܼĽӡЩӡʣҪ֪Щصÿģ򲻵ѣǾԲ򿪣ƽʱ˽
ʱʵĽӡֻ˵˵ȴʵ߹٣кüʮ
ߡû˿ĳɣǰ׷ȥ
ǰصһƬڣҺ˶ʸ֣ںҹҲǸû˿Ӱ졣
һֱص֮зɱ˽ʱȻûеﶴڣҲûпԼ֮ˣɵܹоԼѾԶˡ
ͣ
ͻȻͣ£һصǰüͷ΢壬һĨɻ
ǰôдȫɻʵǵ˸û׷ǣ˭Լ֮˴أ
ҹأ쿴ҹʵ
һֱԼ󡣡ҹشǴ򶷵֮вû
ɻ֮ʣҹٴν͵Ĺ໥ϵһ˽֣һֻҪǳһ룬ܸоһ·Ҹûиоҹ˽֡
ȥŪ˭Լ˴ЊǷȫ쿴ҹǾ㣬ݾߡ
ǡҹӦһɴܶ
Ƭ̣ҹˣĻҹ
һ죬һ
ô켱ʵ
һֱŊСֱԼҰ˳ʸִߡҹشһֱǽصԭһжƽȴɷŵһ۸׷˹
һ֣Ҫ뽫СǲԸ⣬Ȼ˫ǵɷŵĸʵǿۣȻʣһʮﵽӵܡ
ɷŸ֣Ҳܿʶ˲ˣźüӵܱɱʱÊвɷŸ֡
ԭǴ֮ʱСȳģɽ̫СҸȥ
ôˣʵ
СЩһֱû˵һЩҸоʶ񱻷ӡˡҹûΣա
˼£ʱѾͣͫһҹֵǰȥ̽
ϾҹֵݣֻҪ֣ҲֲǣǲͬǲûĹһȥܱܿԷ֣ʱܻȊ櫴鷳
Ƭ̣ҹ˹ԭÊвɷŵĸ֣ɷŵĸҲͶǳ֣Լҽᣬɽȥ
Ըû£ұšһĨɱŰ׷˹ȥ
һʮʬǵ֮УǶʵûдﵽϴԶսʱûܽȥԼһ
ʱЩԼҵȴ˵ĵڵϣûһʬģǵɷ۳ǶôĿֲ
ǰһĻ˶̲סһ
ײеֶΡСףԱǰĲʬˡ
ûֶΣҲƲԼҺҡСһ㣬ǷˣҹصҲԶˣȳȥٳ֮ʱ֡
š˵ͷһ˼ǰɱһ·ʱʬ壬һ⣬ȫûһġ
ʹԼҶ鱣һľ룬öԷȲܳǵ׷٣ֲᱻ֡
ˣһӹȥǰسһĨ⡣
Ѿȥӿٶȡ켸˾һ磬ص
صĳһƬ֮УܻŲٵʯͷȻ¶ãǽ뿪ڰףɷŵ۸ֱǵ֮С
˸ϽһƬݴУϸشǰ


068 С
ʱԼʸȫѪɫף˫ۣһŭؿŵɷŵۡ
󣬽ʮ䲻ʮһСŮΧм䣬˸ǽǱСŮĲϡ
СŮһ걧ţСҰף˫ؿ޷ͺһж޹һ㣬´ʱ˫ţҪҲûа鲨
Сı鲻Ծ
ЩĻ쵰ͳͳҧһǿɱϱ
УԼð㣬һֱһÿɰСŮһӱ˴͵ģ˭ܲˡ
Ҫȫɱ⣬ǣԼҺ͵ɷҲҪһ׹һСǰһĿɰǱĻõԱߵĶȫ˶ɫһ䡣
ãǽȫɱ⡣С˵ͷ
ð죬ȫŻعСؿһֵܣСôͻȻѵʵѾﵽˣ
һԱߵֵҲɫһ䣬ʵǿ˵ƾԼǿֲʵ˲䡣
С𣬷ҲôһУпٸǡ
˵꣬ŤͷԱߵҹֵܵǹȥǴʱǼ£
ǡҹֵӰһʧ˵֮С
ҼסһֻҪҹֵܽС֣Ǿͳ֡˵ţȻأ֣ȶԸǸɷŵۡ
ף
룬˫ڶһƬ֮󣬵ɷ۸ֱ㲻ͷˣɱȥ
ԭǻΪԷҪ櫣ֻҪԊ櫵вԷ϶ҳ֣Եɷŵ۳֣ɱ˸ֲ
һ㽫һԭ˵ʸɱ
ԭʹھԵƣһʣԼĻֵס۵ĹɱôңУһʱһ
ҪһԼȣʱ۵Ľ¡
һѽ˵ʷסߵؿۣٲס֣Ҿɱ֮塣
һ£ǱŊ櫵Լڊ櫲ϵһһѪ˳ѣͳ˳ȥ
вң۰ЦҲҰʲôˣû˸һңлҵ˶ˣҲҪû֮壬಻صɷţش󣬺δң
һɫ䣬ôû뵽˾Ȼһ⣬Ӳԣʵǲ֪ǣɷſɲһƵɣȫһȺ׼֮ɡ
һĺ֮һ϶ǧպգȻֻһɣɾЩһҲԸǡ
ΪһȺӣһǼˣǽ᲻ܲˣ伫ıܹһνɱ⣬
ۿŰҪһȵȣǽ֮彻㣬ֻŹǡ
ͣ½ŲħĿ⿴룬һųǸСŮù
ӦŹˣ֮ץסһݣһϲ
һĨɱһ𣬽ã䣬һٶõɫ䡣
ϽȵȣϽ֮彻㡣
Ȼûеõı֤ʵڶĲ𣬸ղص֮УҲ˲ˣʱʵֻܷӳ߰˳ɣһʸɶӲ
ȻһȺǰЩʲô㣬һ˫ֻ·һ
ֻܶģİõ֮󣬿ѵķϣŹǡ
ʾ£ǱŊ櫵Լ껺Ű߹ȥǲҰ΢΢˫ȣȻ԰ˣҲŵòᡣ
ûٹؿ걧ŊȻղ˵ɣò֮壬㲻صɷţɷŶͽĳͷȴһɽѹϣѡ
ܹõ֮嵱Ȼãصɷܽ´󹦣ֶΪ
ǰЩˣɱ벻ɱǶ顣
ȻʱԼԽԽ˫ҲԽĻȣ֮ѵһֱõ鵤ҩ
һʵᱩǣ˵ﵽڣԺ֮Уҵ֡
ڽ׸ɷţû
κζնǲģò֮壬ѵɷţǱΣΪõ֮壬ѵɷţΪ㹻
ڵٶȣҪﵽۣ궼ѣԺܷͻڶһ⡣
ֻҪ֮壬ɴﵽۣˣԺƿߵĳ̶ȡ
˴棬κһߡ


069 ɱ
ݡ
ͻȻ֮䣬һãƾճڱŊ櫵Լ󣬰ãһԴ׷ɶһ̣һȫֵӰ֣һѽеĊ櫱𣬱Զɱȥ
̫죬쵽˶ûзӦһֱǺܳףŷӦ

һŭȣ𣬶ź˱׷˹ȥ
ꡣ
塣
Ȼ𣬽ţһɿֲѹ֣õǰһǿֲѹ֮£ڵսˡ
ʲô
ɫ䣬ûӦǰĿռͻȻˮһ㣬ڵӿ
֮ܵеĿֲϢɫ˲òҰף㣬ϧǿֲѹ֮£ʵܴܵѹƣͶܲˡ
Ҳʹսֵǻ꼼սֵסֻû꼼ϧ꼼
ֻؿ籩
䡭
ֻ˲䣬㱻籩УҲɳȥԱߵԼӵҲвٱ籩С
ǿֲ깥֮£˵ԼЩ˵ʶֵס˲㽫ǵ
Ʊա

ױ졣

ɱ
ȫֵܺͬʱǿֲսŻڰеİȥ
ۿɢſֲϢսǵصĺղܵɫòҰ׵Ͼǿ־֮ɫ
֮ʱΧĿռһһ㣬ס
սȻǰеһɳӣ˲㱻û
䡭
һ֮󣬳ʵĿֻʣһ޵׵ĴӣԼҵЩˣȫһ֮ʧӰ٣һûʣ¡
ȫֵܵԲݴ֮߳ǰ׵Ĵӣȫһ
ˬ߸ϵ۶ǸɱˣԺҿ˭ǡһЦ
ûд˺С֮ǰǰܵشƾǼˣÿԽɱôŰ˷ۡ
ô˵ǽҲŪһۡЦȻȫǿ͵ϮսԲ۵Ķֻ֣ҪǼ֣¾û֡
ԺҲһˡȫһЦаǼȫۣҲܹսһΪ֮ǣ̫Ƕ֪˵ȥ򲻵ѣҲὫ¸
ֻû뵽ֵܺС˵Ļ꼼˿ֲ۶Ǻˣ̫̬ˡ
˵֮ѾﵽһˣҹΪ˻ûн꼼ȫգ۸͵ֵס˵İҲ̲ס˷ܵؿڵ
۸֣ǰĴڣǵУǶǴ˵еĴڣ֮ǰûԼܹﵽ˳̶ȣȴŸһʱ䣬Ǳлɱǵˡ
˳ɾֻͣҪһߣ̲ס˷ܵġ
Ҳ˵һȻϵ꼼꼼似˰ٱֹ
ڸûнȫգһʵӲҪȻ۾Կɱ
ߣȥǻ쵰ϵķǷڡȫкһǰȥȻ߳ɫȻһ䣬ҲȻͣ
һǿϢͻȻ֮дһ̣һѪģӰ˿л߳
Ȼû˹ƤĿֲӰȫȫ̲סһ
ҪȫҪԵ֮ӰħſֲΪһѪ⣬˹
ˣ˺ҪԱǳӰϱΧҲԽĿ񱩣˶ʧɫϽ˶ȥ

һͺ˱𣬽ţһ޴ſֲϢͷһգ۱㵽ǰ

һͺȣӰȻһ컯ΪһɿֲĿ˲佫ɡ
ɵ֮󣬼ʶǿĳ֮£ȫ˶ɳȥҺ֮ǰѸ˿˺һξ룬ûʲôˡ
վϴεĽѵ֮󣬶ȫ˶˺ܶ࣬ûղһ³ç߹ͣԶٴα޵ӡ
õģαɡ¶һĨЦ⡣
ô֪ˣɻʵУղô֪û
ɵôѸٵʹս֤׼ô졣


070 
۲ôɱģȻǵսǿ֮ǰҵҲʶѣսȫӳɱһЩѶȡЦⲢʾ۲ɱ
ڱǵս֮£ǿ֮ĩҪȻѡԱˣǵ˱֪֮ӲǵģŻѡͬھ
ҵɵʵұʵҪ߳ǣһԱ൱ڰʵԱ˵ǿ֮ĩİ𣬾ȫʤ֮ʱİ˽дһҲˡ
˵꣬㲻ˣԶҹֵȥ
ĻһҲ˹ȥ
ҹֵǰʱСѱȵһŊ櫵Ϻɲô櫶һͣӦ
磬ңСһǵؿҼ壬걻һаӡסˡ
ɫһ䣬һѽСս˳ע櫵塣
ɫԽԽѿȫ˲õԤУϽʵʲôˣ
ð죬콫ջսطӡסˊ櫵꣬Êȫڴ״̬
ûа취ȫʵ
ǶԴɵѧҲãЩУҪ۹ϵ櫵Ĺϵ
ȻҪ۸飬Ȼ櫵ĸ
ûشԱߵСɫصصǹаҲܰԵܣʥְæǸûǸ
ԣɫÿȫ졣
С˵ûҸղԹҵսһӽǹа˲㱻ɡͳм˷ŭֳ˵ǡ
ŭΪɷźԼҾȻаֶζԸһСȻΪ櫡
ЩĻ쵰̫ɶˣǶȥǧСȭͷߺ޵ص
˵ɫҲŭ⣬ð죬ȫųȻȥɣȻûа취ϺԺδؾûа취ϾѧԺżǧĵ̡
Ըɣͳصͷ̽ӡĹаֻǹжажԵ
תҪߡ
ǸüĹãһ汩δŪʲôֻͻȻãţڹã֮С
һ̣һɿֲĺ֮ϱȫȫɳȥ
ô£
ʲôӣ
ÿֲ
ǱԵһؿǸСͷ֮飬ֻС˶һۣһɻؿ顣
飬ַʲô裿Ȼ͊櫶סˡСҧгݵؿ飬ϴֹȡ飬ͽ鵱Ļ
˾ֵĿ£Ϊֲ鷢ˣͻȻɾ޴֮£ͷͻȻһѪ
һߵĊ櫶ͷȴͻȻһɿֲľѪ໥һ֮γһֱߣȻѪСĶͷСϵľĶͷ
߽㣬Ϣͺһһ㡣
оڳȡϵѪ͊ϵľ뷴ǿֲѹ£ãվվȣѹƵ˵ϡ
Ŋϵľע뵽УоԼʵԿֲٶѹƶûа취
ʱͺƵģȻ֣ȡˊϵ˺ϧȴû˿İ취
֮£ҲֻתЩԱҴܣԼ鷳
ģʲô裬ڳѪ͊ڵüͷ֮ȫѪ뾫ɵС󼱡
ϵϢʵڱǡ
ãڽֵܵϵѪ֮ڷ죬ܶѪܺ;Ƥ֮ð˳
Сϵı仯Ŀɿڴ֮󣬶ýѣǿСģҪСʲô£ǻȥô
УֹǡСһȣȥ
Ȼճ嵽ߣ֮ͻȻһֲϣɳʮԶ
Сô嵽Сǰ
û¡Сҡҡͷ飬ҧгݵص飬ҪǸ͊櫳ʲô£Ҿͺƴˡ


071 ʵ
ȥԡϵѪϵľȫһҧ˹ȥСһյԣһɳȥ
˶ȫСǰȻ֪ǵʵֹ̫ΪǻһһԹ
յĽһĺɡ
ô죿ôȥС쵰ϵѪ϶ᱻɣСϵҲᱻɡԭת
Ǹûа취ֻлȥԺǡ򰢿϶ٶ죬ȥԺǡ
ס˵ͷӰһΪһ⣬գ۱ʧ˵֮С
ת۰ʱȥӰſֲϢԶǽġԪˡ
ôһվԪ򶫷ȫʵ
ѾûٳȡֵϵѪ͊ϵȻǣǸȥȫ
취ȾС쵰˫ۺĶŽļ
ģֻҪа취һǵġĵ˵ͷͷǰ˼׾룬ۿǻҪǰߣȫϽϣˣǰҪˡ
ǿԪ˰֣ĽŸأͷãһ¶ԪʵǿҲûзӦݺݵĺš
䡭
һԪʮס壬ɫҲһ죬һףðѹڷڵѪ
û°ɣĵɫһ䣬Ͻͣ½Ų򶫷Ԫ
û󰭣ƺǲûж⣬ֹֻǿ
Ԫ˻һͷͷһ壬ͣ˽Ų
۲һ󣬶ޱȰԵ飬ЩʶǰҲûа취һ֮󣬷˲ûΣգҲǲûж⣬ֻһԾȡ
ʱһת۱ʱ
ϣ쿴СͷʲôðȫͻȻغ
һСͷһɺɫðγһƬơ
ʲô䣬а񣿡
СôôаĶ
ƬһСĺƣԪǰɫһƬأվ֮⣬ǹɺɢаϢҲһ
ӦǷӡǹаСͻȻӣȡϵѪΪ˽櫵ӡ
ΪʲôҪȡСϵעأԪɻʵСӶˡ
˭˵أǼһ;裬˵ҲǷҲ˵һСʼ磬ʵЩҲͨһЩ顣
ϴֹ飬ʵ뽫Щ죬ϾңûпɽԼʵҲǿ
ҲЩ֮󣬺ܿܽһԼԺķչĪĺô
ƽʱСҲ뵽ЩҲֻʱˣͻȻô飬һ˷ܵýЩˡ
Һ鵱ʱֹʱһʱ˷ܽ鶼ˣ֪Ҫôڡ
Σ齫ϵע֮УȻʵҪ֪֮ڵΪģҪҾһܶʵҲԺĳɾͿһӰ죬ԺΪ˳
Ȼ֪ЩСȴ˵ȡ˵Լˣ˵飬ɶڱ˵ǾͲôˡ
ô˵ֻҪû¾ͺãڵҲûãʵҲһ¡¶һĨЦ⣬ֻҪûΣգĽá
¶ЦݣԪȼϼһҲ¶Ц⡣
һֱţֱʱ֮ͻȻһɾ޴ĹâСͷƬаƳɢ
ţãһüУϢ
ӡ
ǱһֱŵĊͻȻһ漴㻺۾ĿãĿ˿죬ֿ˿ĶԪˡ
СˡСۣ϶¶ϲɫ
δߵǰǽ˫۵Ҳ͵˫ۣһһŻеСʵû°ɣ
û¡Сҡҡͷ죬磬Ҹأйùúүүǣ
ԣɫһϹԭϵϲҲһʧ٣ȫŭȡ
˵ı飬һСǿɰĴ۾֮˳


072 ʧ
櫲ޣùúүүǶܺãϾͻȥǡСĨгһɱ⡣
˾ϵ˾ΪеĽ̰˾ɱҪ˾櫣ǵ̰ģôô࣬ôʧȥĵ
Ҫɱ˾ϣҪΪױҪ˶ɱˡСͻȻĮĶ˵Įһ˿õжһ
ã˭綼㽫ɱˡͷ˾ϵ˵ΪȻ˾ڲ飬ȴǣƵ˾櫣Ҳһܡ
οǵΪѾĵߣû˾֮ĹϵҲŹԷ
ȴ룬Ļ˾ȴҡҡͷᶨصҪԼҪɱǡ
ܵСŨصɱ˶̲סüͷʱСɱҲеһļ¡
ǣ˵˻֮ʣСͻȻһɿֲѹѹԲȫͷųĵ͡
⡭һֺİĿ⿴Ŋ櫣ð죬𾪵ص櫣֮Ѿѣ
Сûлش죬ùá
ãھͻȥ챧СȥȫϣٿʱĿⶼɻ
ڶԪǰǿСӰһۣ˶̲סüͷ
ǾøղСϱǹϢô£֮峹׾ѣԭ򣿡ԪԱ߼˴
֮ӷ֮ҲֻеһѹĶûپѣѿ²ô׵ġҡҡͷ
ײʾܾѡƳǰСϾʹûгֻ߲еѹ˵ղŽ֮֮ľҲһ
пܣصúܣղžȻǿСгʵһʣȴûиСκε˺ǰǸܵġĳڲʺЩ⣬ȹʱ
߰ɣҲûȥˣôãٲȥǿ¸üˡԪǳ˾öûҵСʱ϶òˡ
֮ǰǼһõ˵˹Ҳû֪ͨˣû֪ͨ˾㣬Ҫ֪˾С۰һ֪˾Σգ֪ἱʲôӡ
Ϊ鷳˭ҸһԲҲǸûȥˡ
Сʱ֮ٴδصصСԺսԼѾ׵İˣ֮пһԼˣҲһԼˣΨԼ˵ʬ塣
֮սǲпģ˾ζ壬˭ҲĻᣬЩûʵԼˣҲᱻ׵ɱ
ǹû˻Ĵͬ飬ΪŹǣܸܿԼһǿĵˡ
ȻЩûмԴ֮ΪǿߺѺѣ½֮ϸ˭Ҳ֮ܿл᲻˵õɳ
Ӵ½֮ʤ
˸ճСԺ߳һ۹ѧԺĳϱ˹ԺҵˣһΪǳʲô£켱ˡ
ǻûôûáЦսô
Լ˱ȫߣǵİ˳Լ뻹һЩֲ֪գ֪صûзǵӰϻشɷŵĸֳһʧٲ֮⣬˶ǻɱ
ҵ»ԻǵĳҲȫˣ˵󣬳ϵϸһĨŭ֮ɫ
ô£Ԫʵ
Щ쵰һȫǷӣ֮ȫԱˣԼҺ͵ɷʧأҲһЩ˱Ϸŭص
ʧôʵȻԼұˣʧ̫أҲܲסϾԼȫ֮Ҳʤʧʧأҵĳ롣
ƼˣԼһۣˣˣԼһһۣˣ۹ѧˣۣ⻹жˡһ˵ĵ
Щȥ˺֮ܶǰʶһѣһǻһȾ˵Цȴû뵽ˡ
ԣüͷһ壬ʧǵĽܷΧ֮ڣϾԼʮϵĸ֣ɷŻʮˣ˫ԱȣԷһ붼ǴʧĻʡ
Ե۹ѧԺʧ֮ȴЩ⣬ȻѧԺЩֳѧԺ֮У˷򶷾ȷʵȲƼҺͶҵĸ֣۹ѧԺǧ꣬ǵװƼҪǿöࡣ
γսʸ֣ÿٶһ˺õװȫԽǷȱǵ򶷾鲹ϡ
뵽ı̲ס


073 
ʵڴеʧأϾǺܶ˶Ƕһʧ˵ԱϷŭصЩ˶ĵطȥ˭Ա֮һ붼˶ʧġ
ǵɷŵĿǣ̫ϳϵ˵Ĺ²Уۿ֮Աǵˣ̫ϳ϶ˡ
ʲôҸˡɫһ䡣
Ժصģ̫ϳȻˣأҵ̫ϳ϶ѻȥϢȥˡæ˵
˾ͺáһ漴ɫһǱôˣ
սһͣ˹ȥ˵ģȴפڼسǵϢҵĸֺ͵ϵԱȫʧǴصˡϳѾȥˡ
һҪҳ⣬ԼҵһԼɷǲȫɱˣҡ
һĿ켸ˣ֮г𾪣ǿʸԼʮɷ˿۰ЩСһܽɱˣ
ȺСһȫʮ갡ǴﵽѾ㹻ˣ۶ܻɱЩϼһﲻͰ׻ô
ϲسԾǵɷŵΪС˸ܾˣż˱ˡǺЦҲŪ̫𾪣ԼƣҲӦԺĵˡ
ԭˡ˿
֪Ͽ֪㳤Цʵ
սһҊСղź˾ǳ˳šһͰĵ
л칰˹֣СŶȥȫڽĵˣˡ
ڴţ϶˱ݣԭĴѱòƲضʬ壬ѪýֵСӣ߹ڴһŢϵӡѪɿݺɵġ
ȫ˻ãǱϾǾսʬɽѪȴǵһοҰףû߶Զ˺üΡ
ɴʱǶһŨصѪζ˺һ¾ںѪһ㣬ỵ̄һ˵һΣ֮Ҳ̲סˡ
߱£һ˺üΣƺĶ¹ˣҲ²ֻŻ
Ϊһ·¸ͣԭΪ˵ҲͣͣԭòƬ̱ܵĳţȴһӡ
˳ţʬһЩѪζҲ˺ܶ࣬Ĵһۣȴûз˾ǵӰ
֣ôûˣѵǵȥˣüͷһ壬ҪһȥѰҡ
ǽŻδɫ΢΢һ䣬ΪһǿҵսǴģϸִġ
ô£ԼҺ͵ɷŵ˶ˣôϵĸ֣üͷѵҵˣ
뵽ҲɣһͺȣΪһ⣬֮ȥ
ﴦ˾˷һ㹥һɫߣɱ˾֮һ˾ϡ
ԱߣֳߣһɱؿǣһˣʣһۣһֻˣʵҲܲһʺһʣ˾һ˵˾ɺ˾ʡ
ʱ˾ʣҲǸ֣˾εõ͵飬κãʵһﵽ۷壬Ĺ֮£˾ϸֵסڽڰˣûбһЩˡ
ģǻŸʲôɱˡ˾һ߶˾ĹһһغһˣԺǶаӹ
໥һۣʵǿĶһͷ˾Ȼ㲻ʶôǾͱǲ£ѻΪһ⣬˾˹ȥ
ɱ
һҲһŵ˾˳˹ȥ
Ȼ˾֪Լ˵Ķ֣ȴûܣһɱĻӽӭȥ
һ˭û֣ɱһ㣬һֲսŶԷȥ
˾ȻηһƴɵļʽϧǵʵԷ˺ܶ࣬Ҫ֪Էˣÿһ˵ʵʣǿĸǴﵽʣ˫ֻʮУǱ㱻Էȫѹ
ʮ֮ϱˡ
ϵ˾ҲùǶ۳֣ȫڱȻһ֮ʵȫһ죬һأǳ֮
ɲȺ̬Զŵս˾ҵˣĶָ˾ҵĳյսһ߶ϣûһơ
ʮУ˶Էһƣ䵽ʮ֮⣬ҪһǿķһҪ


074 ԩ·խ
ߣǸǵĶ֡˾ɶ˾غСû㣬µĳ𻹵ÿǱ
ԭ˾ûдߵģС֣һһ·ȫѪ˾ˣһĨʹ֮ɫ
ˣҾͲ˾ꡣһЦ˾ϵıѾ˾ߵĴ㣬Ӱһһס˾·
˾ǰ潫˾··ߣ˾ַ˾һҲסõ˾·
˵ļй˾Ǳڶ˾Ĺʱȴ˾ͻȻһϮȻӦ죬ǿԱ߶ȥȴԱԷĽмĴѩϼ˪
·˾ˣ˾ҲǼ٣ϧ˵ĹԼ˲˵ȥԮ˾ˡ
ҶԷֺжҪϮõԱĻᶼûС
˾ɣû뵽Լһҵǰɣһɫʶ˾ɵЦ
˾ɣɱ˺СһⱨӦġ˾ǳ
˾ɶԹѾʮˣ˶ʣʱ˾ɲһͨʣڼ֮иûȨ
෴˾ȴȨİ˳ϣϧȨ֮ļأΪ˳ϣȴִ¹ܵҲһ֣Ūúִܶ¶ǳ
˾Ϊ˾Ҽ֮һ£ִ¹ȴΪ˾ɲ֣ʹǼʧܣ˾ʧС
˾콫Ū׺󣬴ŭֱӽĳ֮λ˾죬˾ûϾֻǼһͨʣûȨ
෴˾ȴһ֮λȨأܹӰõġ
ԭ˾˾ɸûжԹΪʱ˳֮λ˾쿴˾ΪҺ񣬰ϸģ˰˳ϡ
һ˾ɱΪ˾ĳ֮λˡ
Щ꣬˾ûٸ˾鷳˾ɵҲȫ֪ûõ˾Խš
Ӧ˾ŵĴЦбӦҲˣ˾峤ϣҿԺ˭鷳һɱһһɱһ˫
ϣãĹâһ㣬õȫһ䡣
ţ˾ɵҪ˾֮ʱɫͻȻ΢΢һ䣬Ťͷ򿴷
ųɱӰգ۱㵽֮ڣʮ꣬һŮΪ׵ΪᣬʮȴһһĿɰСŮ
ǣʱ˾һ㶣˾ҵȫһ㶣漴϶¶˷ܵЦݣǿ컳еСʱϵ˷֮ɫ͸Ũˡ
ǵȫѹ򰡣˴ûҵǣھȻ
峤ϣ㣬ȥСѾͷץһʶ˾˵һʱǳ˹ȥ
֮Բ빥ԼңһʵԭǳѰСҪȻҲһ֣ɱԼҵͨӡ
ϧԴһԾ˾櫴صˣɱԼҸʱĻСӰӡ
ڳûҵСȻģΪ붫ǲͻڽԼҴº㽫˳룬ʵϣȴ˼ֻСӣڳ
˰죬ҲûҵС׼֮ʱȴͬѰС˾㡣
ϴΧ˾ʱ˾Ͼ֮һ˾һû˵Ͷ֡
ͬʱ˾Ҳ˾Ժ鷳Ͼ˾츳ߣȻû󣬿ʵȴǿö࣬һԼһϣɡ
˾ϱ˻˾˾ɵˡ
˾ɿǳȥֹȴ˾ϸֻýǺӣСߣۡ
ֵܣɿǼۣȫһ׷˾ĸ֣ɫصĶʵ
֮ǰȻɱ˰𣬵ǲ͵ϮһսȻûҪȼ֮ǶпڶԷԱ䡣
һսȻɣҲ۸ֵĿֲڵʵԷǵͼۣҲƴһƴǣǾͳǵΧʱȥ
ۡĮĻش
һһǻܹһġ


075 櫷һ
գۼ䣬Ǳ˾ҵֻвʮס
СӣСң򡭡
˾ҵʺţһͣ±ЦϧĻδ˵꣬һȣȫɱˣ
£һֲϢԶȫϱǰսһ
û뵽ǣҪȥ֮ʱͻȻһգŵĊ櫾һ˳ȥ
ǷĽСӰһֲϢϱɫˡ
Ϊʱ櫵շ䣬ֻϵĸֲҊϱϢʻҪֲ
ǡȫĿɿڴؿŊ櫣ϵĹͣ
æһӦΣգһȱǰ˹ȥԱߵС죬ûгȥһȣһֲѹ˾ҵֶȥ
ѹ
ۿ櫾Ҫ嵽ǰҲ櫵ı仯һ£ܿ㷴Ӧֳצ櫵Ĳץ˹ȥ
ָһֲѹͻȻϣõһڵս˲ˣûս֧֣ǷڰյҲȻ׹ȥ
ò˵СѹȻûʲôɱڴս֮ȴǷǳĴ󣬲˭ֻҪʶûгСǿ󣬶ڴѹ֮ܵӰ졣
Сʵȫӳ˲ѹסϵսʵʧųɡ
ʱС֮󣬲ȫָʶ֮Ҳﵽ۷壬ȫѹһʣԷֵܵס
ʲôôôֲʴʧɫƴĴ߶ڵս㽫ǹɿֲѹֵס˼֣岻׹
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ȭͷ񣬷ǳƯɰĿֲսȴõÿռ䶼ʹ
ܵȭͷϵʴʧɫ㣬ҲֵϧǹѹѹϣȻǿֵһЩҲԼס壬ȥˤࡣ
Ҳûж֮ġ
ȭӰһһ֮ϣһɿֲƻ˲㽫ʵĻսһ̣ɱϡ
䡭
һ죬屬ըΪһ䣬ǷɽѪǽˊһ
ôܡ
˱仯жĿɿڴ¶һɫǶȫˣʣǶϣ֮Ҳ÷һֽŲɱʱȻ櫸ɱˡ
Сţ˫ۣ죬СǰһľݣǱжɰˡ
˴͵ʱ򣬊ٴףһСħ㣬˾ʳȥ
ʶʵڿʶ櫸ɱ֪ԼСĶ֣Ͻˣͬʱս櫺
צ
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ֻСǰһ裬֮ͻȻðһУڊ櫵Сֿ£ϱ󣬾һ޵Ĵһ㣬˲佫ֲĹɡ
ûκε㳹׵ʧˣͺûгһ㣬һ̣СһתѸСȻ֮С
ҵʲôֶΣֲ̫ˡŊ櫵ľٶҲ̲סǿʵĹôôľͻˣ
Ҹо֮󣬲ûʧǱΪһ塣ȫҲ˵
ֵȻû˵һĺȻѾ˵е뷨櫵ֱֲֶ̫߸ǵ֪
͸˵ˣŊȫڲȻⲻǺ£Ϊ櫸ˣӊڱֳĿֲֻһֽ֮ͣѾȫˡ
Ϊ櫵Ŀֲ𾪣ûк£෴ȴ쳣˷ܣǹϵǿˣҲżĺô
෴Ŋ櫱ֳĿֲʵ˾ϵ֮ȴĿ־壬֮Ŀֲǰ˽⣬ֻ֪֮һõ񵤣ԽãǾԽкô
Щ˵֮ѺĿֲǸûе£Ϊ˵һ֮Ѻ󣬾Ҳû֮ѹгֵ֮嶼˵͵񵤸ˡ
˾Ҳû뵽һѡ


076 櫷
ɴʱʵǵȴͻȻһĶħʵսһ۸Ҳ׻⣬ڲ׻ˣЩʵ
ǺεȵĿֲ˱仯õ˾ϵ˲ɵһ㣬һֵ૵ˣ֮ˣ
ֲ̫ˣֲ̫ˡ
ѹʻᱻ˳Ϊĺӣֲ̫ˣ̫졣
˾ֱӱŴˣǣ˾˾ɵҲסˣҲû뵽櫱ץһ֮֮;ˣһ˿ֲ
ܿ죬˾ҵĶ۱㷴ӦڿСĿֲʵ֮˫ۿĶڳ鴤һʱ뵽ϵ˾졣
Щ˾Ϊʵԭ򣬺˽ӴȻƶ֪ôһС˫ֶù
Ҳʹ쳣ĹµΪˣ˾˾ֻҪʱ䶼Ҳ˾˾ĸ鼫
ڿ˾ǵϣ˿ֲ϶ᱨ֮崫˵еĿֲɳٶȣԺ˭Ķ֣
УҪڽɱԺǽɡ¶˾ģҲٹ˾㣬ӰһΪһ⣬櫷ȥ
á
ɫһ䣬߶£Ƕ۱ȥϧǶ۵櫱ҶԷƺҲսʹҲȶԷһЩ
ѹ
콹֮ʣСٴʹѹǶ۶ʱһٶһӼ롣
졣
еͻȻһſֲϢǶ۱ȥ
ǿֲܣõöɫΪ֮һ䡣
צ
֪Լ֮һȣһצץ˹ȥ
һ޴צȻڳͷһצץȥ
䡭
צ˲仯Ϊһ񱩵籩ʶգ۱㵽Ƕ۵ǰΪСѹѹʵʹö۸Ӳȫʵ籩ĳ֮£屻ɳʮԶ
ͬʱ׵ı£籩δɶӰ죬籩֮һǶ۱׷˹ȥ
۱޷ٶԊ櫳֣ľٶȴ˾ϵ˲⡣
ɱС֡˾һȣҪ櫳ȥϧ廹δ˾Ķ𣺡ȥɣ
£һĹ˾ϵı˾ϴ֮£ֻöܣһ㣬ҲûлԊ櫳֡
ɱ
ۿ˾۶˾ҲһҪ˾櫣ʱǶʶ˾櫵Ŀֲ
첻ɱԺҲûлᣬϾ˿ֲ츳֮壬ǵ۹ѧԺƼҺͶҶȫӻ˾ڵʵ޷Ըǡ
һ˾櫵Ŀֲ츳˾ǰһ¿϶ᵹм֮ЩҡڲҲᵹʱǲҪǵҲ϶ᱻɱ⡣
̫ˣԣǽҲҪ˾ɱ
Щ˾ܹ뵽ȻҲܹ뵽˾ɺ˾˾ɣʱС˿ֲʵǳ֮⣬Ļ˷ܡ
һ˾϶ˣ˾Ȼˣȴܲˣһ㣬˾ȥ
˾ϣЩС֮Ǿ͵űʬɡ
˾ɣҵңұɱ㡣˾ףħһ㣬˾ϴȵ
ѵھͲɱˡ˾ɳЦСͻȻ֮Ӱ쵽ǣʱǶԹˣȻвңѵô׳գ
˾һ߳Ц˾ϣһɱȥȻ˲ᣬʵȴ˾ǿڲҪƴɱ֮£˾ϱ
һ˾һʣҲȥԸСȴ˾ʸƴס
ûаæ˾һʣһʺһʣȴ櫸ղűֳĿֲʵסٳȥǱ׷ˡ
Ǳ˵ʸ֣Ƕҧгݣϧס޷ȥֻô쵰ղʹõֶβһֱʹȥȥɱһɳҪǵһҲ
˵˾ɫһ䣬һۣжһĨɱһ̣˲ٺˣ˾櫳˹ȥ


077 ѣһ
æ
ԱߵĶȫҲһȣһΪһ磬С˹ȥ
ϧǽ嵽·ϣٴαСֶθˡ
սҰ
˾ʳ嵽Сǰ֮ǰֻСȭͷһӣһã֣һ޴ͷȭ֮ǰʵݵһΪһ߰׵
˾Ϊ̫û뵽Сһ֣ûзӦ㱻ǿֲϡ
䡭
һȻ죬˾ҵʶʱΪѪ⡣
һ֣Сδֻ֣ͣСֲϵı仯һµĽӡһ̣Χ¶ԿֲٶѸճ֣ǲȼտеԽԽγһ޴Ļ
໥ɣ׳գۼ䣬ձĸ޴Ļơ
ôСҲһУ
ȫֵĿɿڴؿеı仯ǸܵΧ¯е¶ȺƬдĿֲǶ̲ס
һ̫ϤڸʱһУεľǵùֵ۹ʧأعܴɡ
ÿֲǵֵסӡ
ǲӿŤĻƣܵ궼ڲ˾ϵͬʱһ뷨
뷨һǱִ£ҲģûŶԸСʱǶѾףǶԸСˡ
ֻȴӳȥȻϽȥʰ
ǵõģҲǶģʵʩȴס
Ҫ֪ڵ˾˶ǿǺ֮ǣ˾˾ʵǿ̫࣬һ˾ǵصĹɱ˹ûߡ
ˣ˾˸ţȫǱɱ˹λʸֵֹƬ̱㱻ɱ
ʱеƬѾڊ櫵Ŀ»Ϊ
پ죬Һɱ
һȣΪĵã˾ҵĶ۱ɱȥ
ܵϮĿֲܣɫ˲òҰףڴʱһսҰ׵Ľ·
ۿ޷ܣͻȻһĻ׵Ľһ̣˲佫ɡ
һٴλΪĻ𺣣춼յͨ죬ֱһľϨ
һʧһɫҰףǴѪ˫ۣҡվڰյӰ֡
ûи˿ĻᣬӰһһ˶ǰȻըըʬ޴档
һߣ˾˾ϵĹҲԽң˾˺ۣڰվȣ˳ûᣬ˾һзȥ˾ϸֵסֱӻɱ
櫡˾һ˾ϻɱ˾櫷ȥ
ùãСһ㣬˽˾ĻС
櫣ǽץȥû˺㡣˾һĸһ㣬Сͬʱ塣
ڴʱ˷˾˫֮оȻᣬҪ֪˾һֱĮҲܸ߰ͬʱҲһǳǿƵŮˣһŮᣬɼСеŶߵĵλ
ǽҵˣҡı˾Ĳӣȴɱùã櫵֮Ѿ׾ˣҪΪʱҪЩȫɱԺ˭ҪǸ۸ǣҾͽȫɱˡ
ŊɱܵеĳޣԱߵкܣһɰСӦǵȴΪЩ˵̰ȴڳ֮С
úãǽЩȫɱˣΪ㸸ʱ𡣡˾ͷˮߵ鲻ϵµ
˾ΪС֮ھѶÿСҲ뵽Ǹ۰ĸʣȴΪǶԱҲ̲ס¡
һʱ֮䣬һһСŮ˾ǰбʹޡ
һĻ˾Ҳ̲סݺᣬΪ˾ģҲΪС֮ѶԺĹǰ;ˡ
ǣҲһᣬһ˫۶úϷģҲų
ӰԶһ˸˫ۺ죬ԪɻˣôˣǺ˭һ
С֮ˣղŴɱķ˾ҵĺüʸֶɱˡȫĨһᣬ
ʲô
ĶԪȫһղڳܵߴսŸϹ˭뵽һȫ˵櫵֮ˡ


078 ѣ
˵һ֮ѹ֮Ҳûоѣ귢С֮壬ҲŬÊ櫾ѣնʧˡ
Ϊ˶ҸǽĲ󶼸˸׳죬Ҳҵһ֮һЩ飬ûѵļء
뵽йصһ֮һЩ飬ԪһӽĿתϡѵѵģ
һĺͶƵ˵ĿҲȫת˹
ǡҡͷȴĻδ˵꣬С廰Ϊ硣
һ쵱ɻ櫣ô£ô֪ľйأ
ΪѪ櫽͵Ѫ˵Ѫһźǿ֮֮֮ԲΪûľѪҺȴܰЩ
ԣǰϵľû𡣡˾ɻصô˵ûоأ
Ҳ֪Ҳ԰ԪҲ˵ĺҲȫ΢΢صͷһɻؿ櫡
š櫳һ£֮⣬ȫһžֻʶǼ鵽ľǶǼʵǲڵģҲ˵ôڵġ
Ѫźǿ֮Ѫ뵽ҵ֮УЩõľ׹廯ʹҿ
ȻԪȼ໥һۣĿоǲ˼顣
櫣Щô֪ġ˾𾪹ֺʵ
ҵġ櫵ңԺҲ᳤ҵ츸
һ£櫿죬ĿЩصʵڸʱһβСմѪҾͷҵЩ仯ˣһڵֻǺһ㡣
С͵͵ĹսңҾһֱ͵͵յҲıöˡ
ô˵ͿˣԪĿɿڴؿŊ櫡
š櫵˵ͷֻٶȺ
ЩΪʲôǣ˾㼱ǣһ취ӿٶȡ
Ǻһϲ˵ţͷҲ˺硣
ԣȫɫһ䣬죬亹৵˾˾Ԋ櫵۰һ֪ԼѪ˾櫵ľкô϶᲻ϧһдץԼ
ʱһСһԼңټһ˾ңûеڶֿܡ
ˣڊѾ׾ѣԺעΪ½ϵĶǿߣ˵ĺ¡ЦЦ漴ص±뱣ܣ֮ľѷͬСɣעܳΪǿߵĴڣһɳ϶ƴ½ϸĸ֡
Щһ֪ԲԺ󽫻вǵĴڳɳһй¶ȥʤ˵ѣʱҲֵס
š˶µҪԣȫɫصصͷ
磬鴫ݸҵϢ˵ȻѾѣĹһĹ櫿ؿ죬˫۾ˮһϧ
죬ȻǊ櫵츸൱ʦӦòĹɣ˾㿴죬һ㲹ģҪʲô˵
ȻʵѾǿˣĹҲ֣ϾС˽øģûеõĴӦΪ֮ǻᱻģÊһ̧ͷ
˾ϣ׿ڴӦһǿƵŮˣȻ죬һ˵ȴһ㡣
û취Ϊһ߸ϵĳڼޱ䣬Ҳһı䡣
һֱъ櫵Լã֮ѣҸ˻һһں첢û˾ǿ̬ȣΪ֮ľѶеˡ
̫ˡһЦԳĻܽĻУһСһ㣬Ĳϡ
ֻҪܹѣʲôԸ⡣ǺһЦ
˵䣬һ׹һСԱߣŊ櫣Ц櫣ϲ㣬ھ֮塣
ллСҪҲܾѡ櫸мؿСĻȴõСһ䣬Ťͷ͵һۣ첢ûй˼һ
ղţͻȻɱʣʹʹõսСʱˣΪЩ櫵ġ
ǿûоͬⰡһ׷ɾҪùˡ
ԣڲ֪ôʱ˴ս׵ռ䣬һֱ첻׷ܳ


079 ˾
ˣԼˣҲˣشʱѾ뿪ʤСҲˣʣ˾ҵˣǻȻȥһ°ɡЦ
ЦݺɣԭǽǿʵԼҽСͳǣһٽȳȴΪҵԭ󲻵СȳǽԼҺ͵ɷŸһˡ
ˣ櫸֮ѣһж˵˳
˾Ǳ˾³֣һŨصɱϱ
ҪΪʱ𡣡СҲѩ˪ؿ졣
˼һ£á
¹شǻȻȥһ°ɡĳҲףվһսҪСҲûָһ¡
ûٻ³ǣŵ۶ȥ
챧ŊȵģԪ뽣϶¶Źֵģ̲ס΢΢̾Ϣ
۶ʹ
һŽ۵ɿسһ֮УƬ֮󣬴֮б㴫һŭ˾ȫˣûŪ
֮Уһ۵İ׷һؿ·ӣɢĿֲϢõͷ亹¡
߱˾ұߣʵǿ̫ϳ˾ţݣԸ˽رΪѵ棬ԲֶΡ
츳ǿԼ̳˾Ҽ֮λϧΪӣ֮ЩϾʺű˾ĸ׵˼Ϊʤĵ
Ϊˣ㽫Щĳϸˣصúܺã֪Щǿ󣬲һȨƵʿԿġ
Щ꣬˱չʼ֮е飬õü֮кܶ˶ˡ
ɵ֮󣬼֮ЩȥʵΪ˾ΪǿĴڣıʼˡ
ʱԭĳҲ̳Ϊ̫ϳϣԼʵвڵĳǣʲôΣյȫЩϵĺȥִУкõĸԶûЩ󱲵ķݡ
ԴˣЩΪ̫ϳϵĳǶԴ˺ܲҲûа취ֹһǵʵȲ˾š
ӵȥִмһ˭ȥǾǳ˵㣬˭Ҳܲˣܲ˵Σգҵӵܣɱ˵ӵȥɣ˭ô˵ԻΪĹС
Ϊ˾Ĵѹ·һЩִΪ˰ͽڣҲѹЩ̫ϳϵ
һû꣬Щ̫ϳϵļѸû䣬ܳӵִʱ䣬û䣬ҲѴӼõõĵҩûеҩ츳ٺҲȲϱˡ
ʵ㣬Щ֮оûλʲôΣյȻҲӦȥִС
գ˾ҵڴѹм
ΪˣǼΪ̫ϳϵĳϷŭ֮˾Ŵ֣˱նɱһ˱˵ΪˣǸϳ˾ң˵Ϊһؤ
ȥִΣҲûл
һʧȥ۸֣ǵʱһǵۣҲǶ˾һĴ
ԶֹˣǼ̫ϳϵļǼٰ֮ϣڵ̿ǺģڵӵҲԼһ׷ɲЩͨɱȵġ
ˣֱӾ˾һܳӵܣһʱ伸Ʋӵ
˵˾ŪڳΪʤļ壬кܴһΪ˾ţһ㣬˾ҲǺ֮ǣʵ˾Ҳûа취
ҼΪڶʵ֮£Ҳñ֪
£˾Ÿûйܣ̫ϳϣֻҪڣ˾Ҳɽ
ΪЩ꣬岢ûзʤҲûзΣԸĸֶûչڳ
˾Ų֪ҵĵжǿһֱԸΪѾ۹ĸ֡
һһԭ壬Ϊ˾֮壬֪˾֮㶢ˡ
Ϊ֮ڳɳл᲻ǿԼڵǻԽãЧҲԽã˾һֱûж֡
ڵȣҪ˾櫻㹻ãڵ㹻࣬ʱ֮󣬲ʵǣһͻƵڣ𶼲⣬һ졣
ΧԼҵұֳʵֲ̫ȥ
ɵչֳʵ֮ԼǰС˸ңп־ǰԊˡ
ֻû뵽Ѿ˿ģȴˮһգ˾䵽Լҵϡ
ڷŭ֮࣬и־ˣƽʱûнʵչֳҲ֪ʵڴҶǵʵҲûʱˡ


080 仯
Ȼ˽֮ˣǲں˾ұ˹ƵģĵֻԴ
ƶ֮أÿ۹Դ࣬ʯЩ߼ԴڸУͨ˸Ӵ
һ˾ҵˣԺҪԴҲ䣬ûԴƾԼԺͻǿɾˡ
˵ƾʵȥǸܣһЩС壬òʲôԴ˷ѱ飬壬ļûмۣ֮ǰ˵Ȼʤ֮ʵҲкüۡ
ȻûۣһǣǿԵģʱһɡ
Ϊ岻ʲôԹǶִġ
ԣҪס˾ңΪģΪЩԴ
ǣ˵ҵҪԼ֮ʱԥؽ֮еиֶ˳ȥѰС
СûҵȻʧ˺ü֣лһۣǿ˾ΪĶ
³ҵ峤ǵʬ壬˵ʬ岻ֳȴкܶʬԼǵƷȻǱ˺ˡЩ˵
ģѵҪ췴ɡ˾ŭԼұˣ˾³⣬ˣʵ
гϺ̫ϳ˾Ǽˡ
ǡӴӦһٴһɱȥ
˾м˾ҸǿǰӦ֮ʱ۹ѧԺ֮УҲһŶԸ˾ҵ顣
֮ǰβͬǰ飬ҺƼҳϯĶǴϣȴǶԴƷɽ
棬θΪʽҲǶ˾ǵء
֮⣬ġơԪ꣬۹ѧԺĴͷҲڣ˾˾櫡
δҵλҲͬǶԪЩһϷϷȴ˾˾櫣֣ȴͶԴɡ
λԿЩǰûȾָλ֮ģûϵ۸˾ˣȻ˵ɵ۹ˡ
˾ѾΪ˾ҵ峤̳ɻλԴɻδ˵꣬㴫һ˾㽫ӷ
˾ΪԴɽһۣû˵ʲô˾ľٶϾĸ˾ŵϡ
˾ڲȻ˾ֶʱסˣڵ£Ҷ±һ£úܶ˾˶ֻЩڸŭԡ
ԱƽʱΪˣ˾϶вıµģֻͻȻһӱ䣬Щ˴ֲһ˾ŵĴѹŲҳµĳҪҾֻҪ˾ԼЩ׻ɱͿˡ
ûֱӲģֻҪǳǾͿһЩȫɱˣ˾ҲˣԺΪʤҲʵűھȪ֮ҲԸ⿴鷢
ҲôΪġԴɵͷԼ֮ңʤʧأҲʧˣɳ֮
Դɿ˾˾櫣λǾأ
ȫƾԪ˧
һʦͬʱͷ
Ҳͬ⡣ƷɽҲͷҶףֻʤסˣǵļܵõ棬һʤˣǼҲˡ
¾ȥ졣ԴЦ
ʦȥ˵ʱ쵽ˣûиʱ¡˵ţһĨĹâҽ֮вԸͬȫˡ
СԴɵȫͬصͷ
ܿȥ죬۹쳳ˣĴ֮׵ԼҾȻˣ³Ѫɺӡ
֮⣬سҾȻĴλöҪˣˣʤ۹Ĵһһ۹˵εȵĴ¡
Щ壬ڵ֪Լұֻ֮ҪЩʵļĶ
ĴһλãǾͱǿĴλð֮⣬õ޾ĺôĸ嶼á
ЩҲףλÿɲõܵõģֻл˵ĳϲſԡ
˾壬Щ弸佫ˣΪǶ֪˾ڧʵ𣬲±ɱˣǸһ·׷ɱС櫡
ȻеԭЩ岻֪Щ֪һ£С˾ԴɵѧԼѧ׷ɱһʤڣⲻǴ򶫷Դλʤ۹Ԫ˧ô
¶ԴɾԲô˵ģΪѣƼ۹ѧԺҲôˣٴλһֱסڵ۹ѧԺ˾ȥǣȴ۹ѧԺֹ¾ͿԿ
˾ҪùˣʤҪˣȻûȥ˾ҡ


081 Ƽֵ
Ϊܻ˵ĳϣֶʹϵŵ棬ĳŵֻҪΪĴ壬Ե۹ѧԺհ
ȻЩֶζֻƽ֣һЩǽ˼ҵϵϣɳ֮òŮȥɫնȫǡ
ŪöǶҳ֣ȫǶѧԺɽϣðͷһ֣ᱻһȺɦŪ˵ŮӰΧ
ЩŮڼʾ֮£νֶξûһŮ֣һĿ꣬һȥ
һΣȫĴɽΪ˶ܣװһ£Ϊûʶˡ
֪ɽ㱻ʮѵȺŮΧΪǶ٣˶ϣܳ嵽ȫǰǵĻŻ
һŮӼˣһѾͽȫסδȶȫӦŮӵ㴽ס˶ȫĴ졣
ȫȻƽʱ˵Ůڵʹֻһ磬ΪһֱھУûôŮ˽Ӵ
ͻȻһŮ˱ſף˶ɵۣһľͷƾŮɫʩΪ
Ů˿ȫˣֽŮ˱ţΪȫһʮɫǣŮ˸סˡ
ȴ֪ʵȫ֮ԱסŮˣǿŮ˽ס˫ּ䣬ˤţʶΪ
ɾʶΪһõŮ˼ˣֻŮ˱ŶȫɿŮҲûлᡣ
Ǻֲ鷢ˣ컯գǬЩŮֱӾͰ˶ȫ·ͬʱŮ˶ȫĿӣ˵ȻŮסСܵܡ
¶ȫսϴСս۲°ٳʬɽѪʶˣɴʱҲЩŮ˵ķˡ
Ϊ˱סԼĴᣬҲ˲ô˲Ů˵ĳŵʵϢһֱӽЩŮ˸䣬סŮҲڵϣǱܻصɽУҲҳ
Ϊˣȫ˵Ц
֮⣬һģڶȫȫ֮һӴŮڴϽƷɽס˵ҪŮˡ
Ů˵ĿȻûܴﵽƷȫĻϿˣȻƷɽҲûдǸΪŮˣЩ˵ĵҲʵǸһԺŶС˺ܶࡣ
⣬ΪΨһŮҽĶ۰мѣ˶֪Ҳ׷ߣЩ׷߶ȽϲңҪǱһ٣Ǳֵܶ
ֵܿɲɵĿ˼ƺҲҲ˼ôǽǡ
˵ֻҪͷӵúãûǽڲģǰҪӳ˶ð㻹ôӳͷ
֮⣬Ѱ࣬Ϊ˶֪Ƽҡҡ۹ѧԺܹ֮ˣһǳϾѣ֮н
Ȼ챾ʵ㶥⣬֮еĵλȴأܵõͬ⣬һλǼǰ϶顣
ȴǳĴҲ֪֮ȻҺܿǲΪǱ޴ڵûƽƽʵ
Ȼȥ˺޵顣
Ͼÿһλöž޴档
˵Ϊ˵ҲҲһλöܾڵһûǸʵ
Ͼһ۶ûУûʵȥҲֻܳΪ˴Ķ
˵Ĵǵ棬УϾʤĴյľǼʯһҲŲһǧʯ
һҲٿ飬ϴνԶսõмʯ򣬻вٵĸ߼ʯ
ʱһǧмʯɣǿ൱ʤʮʯܲ
ھ̣ţֻҪԸ⣬ҺƼԼ۹ѧԺһǴ֧֣ûҪȥǸĴλá
Ʋ
ԣ˶Ը˾ҵ֮СǶ㵽ɽϡ
ǣƼҸơ
ƷɽһֶżСˣһһƺһСԺ
ԺУƻһʯǰĿɢؿǰʱҲûǰƼҶүǿƣüĿ֮зһǷ֮
֨
ԺŴ򿪣Ʒɽ˽
ƻŤͷһۣеľƺͲˣͫһĮЦˣ
ǿƳƼҵĳϻ㱻ȫգ֪Ǳ֮ȫ֧Ʒɽ֧죬ƼΪеˣȫԵ
ƻƼҵˣиûһȨȻûٴƻףֻҪٸҶһԸ˼ԻὫնɱ
һеĹϣΪ˼׳ƻ츳ٸߣҲᱻ
ԣЩһֱԺУҲûгȥȻ淢֪Ϊʣ͸Ʒɽǵ֪


082 Ȱ˵
ЩϢƻһҲûˣ֪Ʒɽ֮ΪͻȻðСӳ׵İˡ
Ȼ˵Ʒɽ죬ɷƷɽã۹ҲãѡΪѡ
ȴѡΪ˵ˡ
ˣɳƼ˶죬ǰ׷ɱ죬ȥļ壬ԲŹ
ֻҪһ֣Ƽҵ˾ͻὫͷ͹ȥ
Ȼ֪ԼûܣΪܾζƷɽˣһܣôĶ־
־ΪصĶӣѪԸԼĶΪԼˡ
Ϊף崦ֻҪûӣ־츳Ժǻȫġ
һˣζ壬
־ߣˣĿмãο־źصĵλԼΪ֮ˡ
ԺҲҪԼ֣⼸Ǵ½гӵܵԸ
У˲Ʒɽüͷһ壬ߵʯǰ£־Ʋ˰ϡ
Ʒɽľٶƻüͷһ壬һ˿ɻ󣬲Ҳûʣƺ͸Լһ
һڸ£ƻ¶һĨݵı顰ٻһʻʮ꣬ٷؽѴɣ쳣ÿһ̳Ҫһٿʯ
Ҽǵʮ꣬ϵòŪһ̳Լ᲻úȣ͵ˣϵڳ׷Ȧץȥһٴ򡣡
ʱΪ˻ңң춼²˴۵۶޺ˡ
£ƻ˫۷졣
û뵽㻹ǵЩ£һΪأƷɽЦЦ
Щ²ܹپãҲ˵ġƻҡҡͷͻȻƷɽ˵Ҫǲöá
ǲܵġƷɽҡҡͷƺƻƣŸԼһƻҲûпһںȥ
˾ôһƱյһ˵Сʱ飬֪ǰһĻΪõѡ
תһʱȥѺȵɫ죬鶼һƬѪ죬Ѭ죬ԭʸֵʵ˵һƣǺʮҲɵˡ
ɽ죬ȴĬûжսֵ
֪ôǾҪ˾Ҷˣ˾һϵɡƷɽʵؿƻС˵ٹǱҪȥˣ뾡
ԣƻһһһȫˣֱ㶵ؿƷɽΪʲôҪЩ
ƻɵƷɽ˼Ҫȥˣ֮ǰҪһжԹǾζţһ˾ҵ֮Լ֡
ΪҲʧȥһֵܡƷɽɫޱؿƻʱĻа⡣
ʧȥһֵܣƻһ㶣漴ЦЩҸ˶鷳˴ɱɺûСͻȻ֣ǽ꣬Ȼ˵ʧȥһֵܣпֲԸȥɡ
ŲţЩҶûжɱģɺ֡ƷɽԶСʱ飬ԶҲ˸ĸһ̶˵Ļ
֪֮ԱкܴԭǶɵģϲչô꣬ҲΪҲ㡣
ԣƻɫһ䣬һĨݣ漴ҡҡͷ㲻ôҵСӣΪҶһǱš
Ҳ֪۹ѧԺ붫ҵĹϵڶҺ͵۹ѧԺȫ֧ҪɱңƼ뱣Ҳܡ
ֻҪӦԺ鷳ǼСӣҪȥ顣Ʒɽ㲻ӣɺĹϵҲӦ
˵꣬˫ֱؿƻȴĴ𰸡
鷳ƻЦа˵ǰʣ鷳˵۸ֶϣɱҲǹָ
ȻˣǴӦˡƷɽһĨϲ⡣
ƻûش𣬶ǳ˼£־Ҳģ֪Ĳ࣬ȥ־ƽˣ˵ȥ鷳ֶŵ÷ȥ鷳ֻȽӰ٣ӣȷұ֤
һ˵ģϣ֮ģȽԺƼӵܣǷˣҲִܿ࣬Բ򣬼ȥ鷳һ֪һִƷɽ˵һĨɱһ
һҪƼҷչ׳ͨĹϵ붫Һ͵۹ѧԺˣԺƼҷٷչʱκƻ


083 ﵽЭ
ƻûش𣬶ǿƷɽ֮󣬲΢΢Ц֪ΪʲôҪң
ҸղѾ˵ˣҲʧȥһֵܡƷɽ
һ𳤴˽ңҲ˽㣬Ҳ˵滰ȴȫԭ򡣡ƻŵЦһ𳤴˶ô꣬û˭˽Ʒɽ
ȻӲ۾Ʒɽҡҡͷһӱ˵òҸղ˵ֻһԭ򣬻һԭ򡣡
ֹԼңҵʵ¶˳ԭһΪƼҵʵѾɵ۹ѧԺͶҵʵҲ֪Ǿ֮ܡ
α¶ʵƼҿɱȣΪ˲̫࣬ҽʵ¶˳ΪľԺʱ·磬֪۹ѧԺͶҵʵʵֻ¶ɽһǣǻŸΪֲʵ
Ȼѣνǽǽʵȵ£һʵ̫࣬ǾͲѣǸӹˡ
ۣѾ˵һƽ֮´֮λȫڵ೤֮УǶ࣬ȡ㡣
ѵҲףͬ࣬㣬ҪȻҲᱻѹôãȻҵУȴչޣȥԺǽ붫Һ͵۹ѧԺʵԽԽԶҲ뿴ġ
Ҫһֲҵ㣬ǡǡֲһ㣬ȫĵĺƼһǵĴ±ɸΪǿ󡣡
ƻƷɽƷɽ˽⣬֪Ʒɽû˵٣ʵȻֵһֱ֮λУƼҷչøΪǿ
òײŽҴѹȻȨѵͲ֮֮λƻһЦĵ
ƷɽˬһЦҸ˺绥ƼҵķչãȱκһܴﵽЧ
ˣǰˣȻ־˶ǰʮʸǰˣ־Ƽǰ
⣬Ǽ飬Ҵ㽫ηֱ־
ԣƻһĨ⣬ͻȻվƷɽص鷳֪ͨ죬ƻڷ¥磬۹Ϊ֤Ǹ
ã°ϡƷɽƻļԵúܸˣǴĵĸˣΪƻڵľٶѾͬԼ飬ԺԼԣ֣Ը񻥲Ƽұؽչ׳
ʵƷɽһ㣬ҲɲƻӦƷɽ־ǰɲ־⡣
ǰȷʵܹõõǰͨ˵Ŀ飬⿼֮ʼߣǿĵ۹ȥģҲɡ
ʤеȵ۹һ㶼ɣкüȫ
ԣһܳӣһɳһǰˣһڼ壬ʱ˵ĵȥҲǼ̫Ӱ졣
ڼ֮еĵӣȻսϱȲУԴϣ嶼ȫǲϣԲǰ˵Ĵ
֮⣬˵ӵûԺΪļڼӵܽΪϡ
˵ӵˣôеӵܽΪ
˰ţƷɽȷʵûһ˽ģûΪƻЩԶƻʲôġ
ΪԼ룬ҲΪԼĶ룬ܶԺΪϻǼƼҶġ
˵ˣƷɽһθ־кƻ˭ȥһ飬ȴǵĽ
ŵر־޷˵ʲôʣƷɽһλã̶ֳȡ
ԣͷˣΪ첻ټǺҲٹӣҪ۹ļǸ
ҪεȵϾƼҸ߸ϵĶүƷɽţ֪һӦǰһʹ
ȫƷɽԵ±Թƻ޷ܾȻȷǶÿһ˶ЧǰƻûȫȨɱ˫ۡ
Ҫһ㣬ƻн忴ñԼأƷɽõľ෴Ч
ֻĿǲ̫ˣҺ͵۹ѧԺǧ꣬ǵĵ̿ɲһɱȣŶٸ֣ûܹ֪Ҫʵ׷ǣܹôƻһЦؿƷɽ
Һ͵۹ѧԺʤĴʱ䲢ܣɼǧ嶼˺üΨжҺ͵۹ѧԺȻһ㣬ͿǵĿֲ
û˵ҪǣֻҪܽСƷɽЦһܹ


084 ɱ
ڶһ磬ƽĵ۶ٴαòƽȫװľʿڵ۶ֵϣڶţĸŹصʵʵÿŶһš
˶ַʲôʱʮɢſֲϢӰŻʹȥһЩĸ߲ͷ֣ЩΪ׵ľȻһһСŮˡ
Ů󣬷ֱǵ۹ѧԺԺҵļԴɣҲǵ۹ĴԪ˧ƼҵļƷɽҲǵ۹ࡣ
һ꣬˶֪Ļ졣
֮ȫҵĸ֣ʣ۸־ʹﵽʮˡ
˿ֲݣ˶ʧɫ޼ɵķɵʹǿǴοһɳ˶ǿߡ
˵һ뷨Ҫ췴
ôɻǣ˶ֲǰŮ˻˭أʤ۹ʲôŮʸڶԴɵȾͷǰ档
ܿϳǸϴŮ˾ã۹ĳ˾㣬СŮȻ˲ʶ˾㱧ţ˶˾ҵˡ
ϳ˾֮ٿԴɵ˶˶³ԴҪʲôˡ
ǲҪ췴ҪȥΪıֹˣҪ췴Ͳ˾һ𣬾Ͳ˾
Ͼ˾ڲܣȻ˾˵˾߻ħڿƭͨˣȴƭЩ塣
ƺƵĸʹһЩֻˣмĸ֣һ·ߺΪ飬Żʹɱȥ
˴ͷҲ뵽еԭ򣬷׷Ч£һʱ֮䣬ŷѸŻʹɱȥ
˸յʹϿգ·ʮӰ˾Һʤ۹һЩ֣Ϊ׵˾š
ɨһˣǰ˾ˣ˾ɫˮĲ֪ǵ⣬˾㻳еСʱ˫ͬʱųһĹâ
ǿһ˾ˣ㽫Ŀ⿴ĸˡ
λǴŴĸֵһʹʲô˼ѵ췴
˾˾˼ʮ꣬ʱȻ֪Լ·磬Ҳû˿˼Էһ췴Լվڵµߵ㡣
췴ԴɹһЦЦҶʤǧ꣬˻ĻΣһҶҲվڻһ¿ɼ
˵ţһ˾㣬ɱ£׷ɱλ֮ˣĸ
ԴɣҪ췴ҲŵĽڣ˾˾ҵĵλͣΪʲôҪɱ˾˵ţ˾㣬ѵҪЩһ𣬳Ϊ˾ҵǧˣ
˾ţ뻨ҸڱǱƵͶ·ΪǶԱ˾˫ۣ˫ۺᣬɱصһҪΪ𡣡
ߡ˾ͫһһɱһǳױЩɱ˫ۣ˾Ҽ˾壬Ժ˾ӵܣɱ⡣
˳ͷڴ½ϾΪصģɴʱ˾㣬˾ɵˣȫûһ㶯ݣΪǶ֪˾ˣֻҪˣνҲ޴̸
һȻҲҴۣʵۣǿЦͻȻ˾Աߣ˾ЦȻ˵ʱ߻ħǾ뽫µóһһĿȻ
ȻѾȫѹס˾ţҪɱѲ˶ľЩϻ
ǵԺҶʤ۹Ҫվڵµߵ㡣
˵ţ˾㻳еС˵ͷ
С˵ͷ˾㻳֮峹׾ѣȻż죬СȴѾʼߣܹԸоСҲ˲١
СһƯĹȹǿɰСȴ飬˫ͨ죬ԴǰĵĳʮǰۿΪ˱ǶǱƵԱˣúòңʬ޴棬ҪΪ𡣡
ϧҺ͹ùֻСŮӣʵ㣬ǻ˵ҪڣҪɱҺ͹ùãǽ˵ʦ͸λǰΪҺ͹ùֹ
漴ŤͷԱЩĸҸһ񣬵λǰΪҺ͹ù˵󣬊
Ŋǿģڳܶ˫۶ˣмŮԸָǲ櫱סúϧһ
ȫһŭؿ˾ţһЩ˸ǵ


085 
ģЩ̫ɶˣȻСŮŹ
ɱ
ܷŹǡ
Ϊ±𡣡
ַ飬õ˾ɫ˼£д󲿷ƽʱмһ˵Ľɫȴû뵽Ȼеִ
ǰˣ޲óȥЩȫɱ
æ˾ţһЩڿСʱȴͫһоǾǴ󲿷ݶ֪С˭ΪСΪʵԭ˾һֱš
۹֮Ȼ֪˾ôһλȴ֪ʲôΪ۹Ĵļ壬һЩԼϢԴ
֪СȻʮ꣬ȴһֱĺӣͳԭȴ֪
ȻСһֱû˵Լ֣Ҷµλ˾С
ȻΪһȴȷʵһţʱЩߵУȴʲôֻһš
𾪵ǣСȻ˾Ļ˶Դɵ˵ǰҪ֪ʱҶڰգСҲǷɵԴɵǰ
ζʲôζСʵѾﵽʣڰշС
ʮʣǶôֲһ£ʱףΪʲô˾첻С˿ֲʣһ֪֪ɶٵ鷳
ڿСֲ츳֮ԭѴվڶԴһٴμᶨе뷨
˵Դǣֻ˵СǰССǷһ飬СɳԻǴ档
ο˫ȣûǣԴҲ˾ţ޷ǽˡ
СģЩҳӣǾҲҪΪһе֮󣬷׷Сġ
лλС΢΢ǷǷ
СˣЩЩӸġ߷׷׿
С飬˾ѣ絶ĿٴοСʱͻȻʶʲôͫ͵һϸǳ˾
ʱԴɵ˵ۿԼһѾȫѹƶԷһۣҲٿ
˾ţĩաԴһȣһӵɱɱ⡣
ɱ
иһ۵һ𣬾羪һڰը۶ڲ
ǰս㼯һɢѤĹâĹâ֮£ȴɱϵİƶһ˲䱻ɢ
磬˾ɫħŤȵѵǲɣɱ
ɱ˾һҲɱһ̣ɱ˲䣬һЩ˱ˡ

ҽн𣬲ֵǣҽȴǴ˾һֵǣ˺Щĵ۹Ҹָͻûг֡
ȥʱȴԭ˾ڧˣ̫˾ƽ˾Ϊ׵ļ˾ڲȻͻȻ˾ŵ˺֡
˭û뵽飬˾ųԼ֮⣬¶ˣȫһ˾
ǡ˾žһͷǣȫؿű˾ˡ
Ļδڣ̫˾ƽָһŭ˾ţΪǲ֪˾ϵ˹ɱҸʣЩǶһ
ҪǴԪ˧ǾԮʱùСҲҪڣúݵİǾҪΪʱ𡣡
˾Ҳʹļ׵ָ˾ǳЩΪ۹Ϊ˾ʱ䶼ûУ˾ţ㻹һûУûбǰͣЩԴȻԹ𱨣ı˰
˴ͷ˾ϵͷҲ׷ָ˾ţʱ˾ٲȻѳɹֵ˺
Щ쵰ȥ˵˾ų׵ķˣһӣһ㣬˾ҵȥ
ǽãɢĿֲѹ˾ҵȫɫһףǰ̫Ӻͻ壬Ϊصչ˵ĶǸܵѹȱǿʮ
ʣҶǲʸ֣ǿֲѹ֮£ƶüޱȣֻܹ˫ۣһؿǽãǵзŴ
˾ţﻹ۲Ұһ𣬶ԴǱǿϢӰһ˾ŶΧ
Уֻʶ۹ѧԺԺ£ʶӦǶҺƼҵĸ֡
ɢϢжϣǶϵĸ֡


086 Ա
˾ţȥɡû˿֣˾ű㹥ȥ˾һûйܡ
±ͱ˾ŵʵǿö࣬˵ʵҲ˾һ֣˾ͱѹģֻжܣûлֻ֮ǳ֮¡
һߣ˾һգ۵˾ǰ˾ʣҲûз֮
ݡ
ã˾֮һϵĻսû˿ã漴ֻվһ˾ҳϵϣҲ˾һġ
䡭
ãƳϵĻսһ̳ȻըãҲΪһɿ񱩵ʶ
ܵù̫˾ƽ˾ƽʣܲסǿֲĿֱӾͱñը
һ˾λȨߣδʹ㣬ʶ
ˡ
˾ʣµļ۸ڷӦִ߶սγһĻ˾˵ǰ档
䡭ͱڹĻ֮ϣǿĳõü۸ֶһƺߣ˺üͣ£һһǸһĨѪ
۵һֲ̫ˣͲֵܹģҪȻҲᱻ˾ѹģҷ
Ȼ˵ˣ˾ҵ㱻Ǿһ˾˵õġ
һߣǿʱ۹ѧԺ˵ʮ۸Ҳ׷׳߶սγһ޴ĹĻ¡
ڶ۸ֵ֮£ߵֵɣûˣЩҲû˿˲˵Ҳ˵۶١
˵Σղδʹ˽˾ŲһرСģȻ˴úǱ϶ˣȴڶ֮ʱ˿
۸ֵĴ˵ǻغţÿһкռ䶼᲻ϲǵߵĹһʱǿֲĻ֮£ռ䶼ᱻ˺һڶ
Ǳս춼ڵ۶Ĺ߶Ϊ֮һ
˿ֲĹԱЩֵܹģһ˿϶˲ء
Ҳɵһ۱㿴˾ŵͼÿһͼʱǶǰһǰĵ·
ɼ˾ŵĲͻ֮£ҲԽԽ
ˣˡԴɶ˼Ҳɵ֪Լֵס۸ִսĲ׷׻Ϊ⣬ȥ
Ҳߡһץס櫵֣Ϊһ⣬ɳ֮ͣ¡
ҵ۸׷׷ɳһ޴ĹĻ۶Ա˵Ĵ򶷽۶ˡ
ǿû뵽۵ʵȻ֮ǿڵʵǰٷ֮һﲻÿһγ֣ɫ䣬̾ѡ
һҲҪﵽ˳̶ȡסȭͷһļᶨ
ǲҪﵽ̶ֳȣҪǡȫЦǿҲֻ۾Ǹȵģҿɲȥȡ
ԣһҲҪǡҲݺݵصͷ
ǲǵĿ꣬ǵĿվڴ½۷塣Ц
һܹɹСȭͷʮؿ졣
ҲһЦЦ˵ǴҶҪվڴ½۷壬ֻǲܱܲ˵۸ҪһС
ԡ
ȫͷ
쵰ȥ˾ŵ֮ȻŤͷһȫɫ䡰ˡ
ֻ˾Ѹ糱ˮһӿȥһĻĲ֪Ҫʲô
ˡ
ЩʣµҲǴʧɫתˡ
ҿܣ˾ŷشЦţ廯Ϊһ⣬׷µˡ
ӣѵҪ˵۶ɡŭɶһ۶٣ʤʤҲǰδеʧ
Ҫ֪Ϊһ۶ǻʹڣһҵľúģȫҪ̻ᣬͶסһЩˣʤҪڻ֮С
˶ˣ۶ҺθɣҺθɣҾҪᡣ˾ŵһ˶ɫһƬҰףһ۸ֵԱжֲû֪жף㲻ܽ۶ٵٵһû⡣
ǵɶﰡһˣǵļҲˣǵĲҵˣǵˣǽҲʤĴ壬ֻһʡ
뵽˵˫һȫˡ


087 
쵰ӸƴˡһĳļҲˣһŭ𣬾Ȼ˾ų˹ȥ
˴ͷѾĻô࣬һ׷Ч£ȫĳ˹ȥ
һ˵ľٶĮ˾Ҳ̲ס˴غɴʱ˶ѷĻȥ
ˣԴɻˣƷɽˣĻˣҲˣһЩˣʤϾ͵ʧһ룬ǿûЩˣҲ뵲ס֡
ͷųսɽ磬䵲סһϵڰ羪һըз֮˲ѹ
漴ȴɫףսĻֵһ۵Աʸ־һٶ࣬۸ҲкüʮҲδֵܹס
δŪһɢϵӰԶ
һµߣ뷢԰ףȫȴɢϵϣһ֣һɵѹ㽫֣ʵɲ⡣
һ˾ŵԣֻ˫һӣսӿγһ޴Ĺ˲佫˾Ÿ档
ͻȻֵߣ˫һ˵ͺְæ
£ϵսӿˮһͷųĹϣսע룬ǹԱȸղǿһЩ
֡Ļɣ׷׳֣Լսע뵽֮С
æһŭ𣬴ֵܣȫԼλ˹ȥ
ڴ˿ֻ̣Ҫڸʸ֣ŮףҲ֮ǰǲжԹȫԼսע뵽֮УΪ۶Լһ
˺֮£ѱ÷ǳǿߵĺѹ֮£򲻶С˾ѹ棬ΪΧϣõ˾Ҳղ㹻ԱҲӳ١
˳嵽ԣûнԼսע֮УóһµַС
Ϊ⣬ܣȻнӡϱ仯֮£ʧ
Ƭ֮һάϵǸһЩĹȻ֣ɻ֮ʣãʼСǴ˵壬ȥ
˶ޱ𾪵ǣϸֿƵս磬ƵĹ֮£Ȼһ㣬˽ȥ
𺧵Ŀ֮£ԽԽСһݽ˾Ű
䡭һȻ죬˾ŵ廯ΪһɿֲĿըǱըֲ֮֮ըһռڶ
ǿʶʱһӱ㱻Ƶ󷨵סҲ˲䣬󷨹ܲסȻը
һ£ȴǹɿ񱩵ĳֵһС룬ǽһݵĿƽըĿռѺۡ
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һЩմﵽʵ߸ɳ֮£Ѫ
˲ûоʹ˷Ӵսעȣƴȫмѹƶȥ
Һɳֻά˲䣬Ϊûкָѹ
˳ʤ׷ʹǰѹƶȥùԽԽСһֱһҴ
ֻͻȻֵһͺȣһѽǸץϣӰһʧС
Ƭ֮󣬴һԶһĺ죬˶ѣΪǱըȻǸղߵǸġ
Ҫ֪ʱȻ˾ԱĿѹסˣûʧȻǵս֮С
һͷųȻ۹СʧΨнŪտ֮ըǿʧ
ûλߣ⿿ڳҪ뽫ŪȥԻѲ
۶סˣǵĴ󹦳ԴǰЦ⻤֮ʵ
ûʲôҪֵס˾ţҲûʱ䲼󡣡ЦҲôĵ۶ٵ
˵κ󷨲öҪʱ䣬ʱûдǰ浲סûвʱ䣬Ͳˡ
ô˵Ҫ󷨵˾Աһ⿿Ǹ͵סʱ۶ͬʱᱻٲ٣һв䡣ƷɽһЦؿ졣
ԽԽ⣬ҲңҺɺҪȻδõĹϵ
ͬ붫Һ͵۹ѧԺˡ
Ҫ֪⼸ǧǶһǵ۹ѧԺδļˣǺϵȽϽѡ


088 ʵ֮λ
û뵽ԱȻ˵Ŀֲµص⻹ҵһμ۵Աֲ̫ˡ
ǰҪλǰʱ֣۶ˡҲ̾Ϣ˵⻰ʱȴЦؿˡ
㲻ÿңλǰƼҵġƷɽҡҡƼһλôǿǰҲҪԼ
ҳϣλǰҵ۹ѧԺġĿ콫ĿƹϽ͵ڵĹϵҲǣȻҵ۹ѧֳԺʮ۸֣ʵⲢǵ۹ѧԺȫʵ
һЩǰأǵ۹ѧԺ֮ʣһǲֵģ֮⣬ͻƵڣǰˡ
ŻֻغŻŲܵϮţԴʹɹʶһͻƵڣᵽˡ
Ҵﵽڣ⿿ǵѾ㲻ҪǼ֮齨ɣ߽磬ǸӴԴҲֻҪ
˵ţЦЦղλǰܹͻƵڣĸҪ飬δܹͻơ
ԭˡ˵ͷҲףΪʲôһڸڽһ۵ԱʱҪô˰æ
ԭһͻƵģȻڣͻƺѾȫϤ֮ʵرġ
֮ͣҲᣬҪ֪֮ǰĴսһڸֳ֣ױܽԼҽȳ櫡
Ҫ˵ġ
֮ǰԸԼʱһۣһоˣٶһۣҲɲ˶٣ȫԽݡ
죬ɺѾ˵۶ʱȥ㡣ƷɽͻȻ˵ٹǾҪȥˣԺֽкܳһʱ䲻ܼ档
ɺ۶ˣһϲãһҾȥþöûпˣҲ
ߡĻ˵꣬Ա߱㴫һŤͷȥÿŭתȥ
⡭һĿЦƷɽǺһЦĶЦˣǶǹˣĿ롣
˵Ůͬʱϲ죬ǽĻƷɽǶû̫½ΪһмŮ˲֡
ֻЩû˲ŻֻһŮˡ
챾㣬Ƕǳ⣬мŮ˲ֻ֣ҪԼԸ⣬ǵҲ˵ʲô
οɺͬʱ޸죬ôĹϵܣǶʤĹǶǵķչž޴ĺô
ԺԪ˧̫࣬Ӻү˾ɱ۹ǿ˭Ϊã˾ҵļ۹ļŶԴɵ˵ǵɫȴôÿ˵ǡ
ԭ־֮£Ӧ˾ģϾ۹Ҳ˾ҵǹϵ˾ҵķչǸȨֵģǵ۹Ԫ˧ҲֻὨ飬ڽӲܣÿ˾ҵ˼
ȴͬˣ˾ԭʵͱȲϼңپңȫֻʣۣǿǣƼҶ׽Ǹˡ
˵۹ѧԺͶ壬ǲòˡ
ʳ˻֮ʱǵĶ˰գ˿ϻλã˾Ҹˡ
Ҫ֪ղŶǿֹ˾һ̫Ӻүģȴûȣ˱ɱ˾ˡ
ǸΪˡ
ֻǲ֪˾Ȼ̫ӺүûֱӲ룬ȴƲʹӦˊҪ˽
ڣԺҲδػᰲȫ˵ǾͻҊ櫵鷳
ֻǿǵ˾ʵ̫첢˾ٷƴʧʵҪ֪˾ҵʵ׼ģŴӦڲΪ̫Ӻү
ⲢʾôŹǣͬʱҲΪҪô˳Ľ˽ֲ˾ֻš
Ѿ˺ܾãû뵽ð취Ҳûа취ϾٹҪˣҪ⼸ϢĽ˽ֲ˾ҵĻңʵ̫ѡ
ڵˣ˾һͽеķնˣֲɵӣȻ⣬ôܻͽա
˾λһĵǣԴɵ˶̲סЦˡ
һֱ˶ͷð亹ʱԴų˾˭Ϊǵ£ǶˣȨ棬⻹Լ


089 
λϸһĨ죬仰ҲһǶûıĴ㡣
һ£ԴֵΪ۹سǻǿὨģϾϵʤ
һ˶ͷٴð亹æԪ˧˵֪Ԫ˧˭ʡ
˭Ҳ֪Ϊʤ׳󹦲ûǲΪ˰Ĺ͡ԴɳҾһλӦɺµĺʡ
Ҳ˾áƷɽҲ
ԱߵͽҲҲͷȻ˵Ϊʤ۹ѧԺȨˣʤžصá
Ϊʤڽеλ֮һ˼ȻҲܺԡ
λ˵òµĹȷʵܺԡΪ׵ͷüͷȴ嵽һ𣬾ͺʲôΪ֮һ㡣
û˵붫Դǹ˹֣뿪ˡ
˾ҲСˣڵ˾ҵһ㣬Ƕ˾ҵˣȥæ
磬Ⱥ͹ùˣ㡣Сؿ졣
ȥɣ㡣˵ͷ
λ˾սս뿪һɱĵ𣬾һ֮ǵڲ飬ȴҪˣǺεȵĳ衣
ʵһжʵҪ̫Ļ̲ס̾ϢͬʱҲʵ
λˣ۶Ҳ׷ԴǰлԴϵΪĴ»
ȻҲûк죬Ȳ˵Ĺϵ˵飬û󷨽˾Ա˴룬ЩҲֵסʱ֪ж˻䣬۶ٵ١
ԲǸߣЩɢʶ׷л컹æֱ𶫷Դǻæ
СӵʤѾȫˣԺҲû˸СĿæò֣¶οЦݡ
ĵӣӵĳɾʹʦҲй⡣
ǰЩ˷ɢ۹Ҳ쳹ʤ򡣡ԴҲ¶ϲЦݡ
ƷɽȴһŮı鿴˵Ц۾Цˡ
ӦЩߣٻʱֶԴѾˣֻʣ¶ȫֵܻڵ
Ȼȥɣҵ̻ȥһˡ
СӣȻǼɫѡȫҡҡͷ̾Ϣǵôãԭ顣
Ǿ͸һȥ̻ɣͲˡЦ
ˣȥˣҸȥʲôȫҡҡͷ̾ЩֻĽؿˡ
æ۶һҶүȫҪŮˡ԰˵š
һЦҪſڣһٶɰѶȫŵҰףϽڵУҴˣҴ˻ô
ǰǴοֲ£Ů˶ԶԶģͺһСɫһ㣬УŮ˶˿־ɫǡ
ʱһԻ䶯ʤ۶ʱͻᱻЩŮ˸Ե궼ʣ
ȫˣ°ΪһˣǶ̲סЦ
̻۶ֻᣬյſڣһ˶Ľ챧ס
Ȼң챧ɺԵúǲ죬ɺһֱֵģǰ֣Ҳû˵ĵط
죬Ȼڶ˵ǰ˽ԼĻУԸȫ
ˡɺı죬ͷĻУţ췢֣ĲӶˡ
Ҳ㡣ûв˼ɺסΧڶ˲Ŀ½š
˸ջصɺȻСԺսŴϣһ㴽Ͷס죬ȫһһĸоȫ
ûӦһС߰

죬ɺͻȻɿǰԵص˵漴
Ȼһ磬ȴǳɺҲѸٵػӦƬ̣˱㽿ˡ
˶ȫϣʱɺȻı죬һؿʵҪˣԺǼ궼ˣ᲻뿪㡣
û£ڵķֻΪԺĳۡЦھһ˵ͻΪʵöǿзֻֿʵǿˣǲܳõһٲ˭


090 ɺ
ɺ죬֮ͷҵ㣬ͬʱҲŬԺ˭ҲܽǷֿ
šͷ㱨֮ʻõƣԺú˳
ϴһ齻ɺ֮ɺѾڳʾû⣬Ժ󣬾ﵽҲû⡣
ȫɣʹıԵԺ϶ʶʾĲŮɺǵؿ죬ԺɲܼõĲҪҡ
ôܲҪ㣬ǿһͬʹġɺһڣЦȻҲұ֤һֻһŮˣҿԱ֤ҪǸŮˡ
Ҿ֪áɺԣϳһɨգ¶һĨ΢Ц
˵һ黰Ȼһ磬Ů˻һֱ֣ӽɺ˵Цݣ۹һ㣬Ҹ
ͻȻɺЩŤؿ죬ֹ
ʲôôЦ֮ûʲô˵ġ
Ƕ顣ɺ£֪ǰԣ۶ļ۷¥ھǸϣܸһᡣ
˵ţɺһؿ졣
üͷһ壬ɻƻҪڷ¥˰ھҵǸ
Եúǲ죬˵ƻǸ⣬Ͼ˵ʵĹϵҪɱƻ׾١
ƻԼʵԼͷ
ȻҪ۹ļ۷¥˵Ǹǳˡ
ƻΪƼҵĶүҺƷɽ֮λݵλȻ˵ˣǷǳӵġ
˵ǸǾĶ飬˵Բƻܹóġ
ôˣֻԭһĻڹˣʲôԭ򲻱ȥƽϣҲʵ̫ǿҲпҲпƼұȣԺǲ鷳ˡ
ڶıԼǵʵҵĹϵƻôĿԺС
һɻɺϽ͵ģζҪǸı
㸸ܹԭǰʵ
ѾԭˣҲ⣬Ժ󽫻Ϊ峤ϣҸ׹ƼҡɺңϾҶ壬СʱҸ׶һãȻǴβɱңһ뵽Сʱ飬ҾҲ޲ˡ
죬һɣɺٴ찧
ǶƽϣҸƽϡһЦο֮Ľ֣һֱռ˱ˣŮҷˡ
лл졣ɺϲֺݺݵ켸ڡ
ƻǸȷʵɺ˵һڷ¥˵۹ʸĴϯλļƷɽԴɡԼ˾ˡ
ŶʮȨߣƻ쾴Ǹһַǳ¡صڣԿһƻʵֵĵǸ
ԴˣȻȻܣҲûгԿûִ֮ǵԹŪɺദ
ô˵ƻҲƼ֮ˡ
˾˻ʵ۵ļλߣϣȻС˾櫣һСŮһ۹ĻʵۣͬʱҲǻ峤±˵򣬾½ûз
Ȼ˾ҲΣԴɵȼͷѾȷʾҪ˾Ůʵۡ
˾ҺһҲŮ̫ˣһӣûҲû֧֣ѡԴɵ˲ͬ⣬˾Ҳͬ⡣
ҲֻʣСˡ
ССȴһȺ֧֣жԴɼͷ˾ҵһȺˣҪ֪̫ǰ˾ȫת֧˾櫡
ټ˾ҵ˶֪˾櫵֮ˣھǸߴʵĸ֣ƾ֮廹һЩֶΣһһս
˿ֲ˾Ҳ˶ɳĿֲ׷ױʾ֧֣˾ҽеļֵ֧ҲֻвԸ⣬˵ڡ
Ψһ˾εǣС̫Сˡ
˶֣С֮󣬲嶼ԿֲٶȳɳŽ죬ͳ֣˿ֲٶȳɳȥ꣬ͻһ
⣬ǵСʲôԹ۹˾ҵڵ۹ڣ˾㡢ԴɺƷɽ˱˼С¡
˾ڲҲ˾˾ɵһɳϰæȫò˾櫲ġ
磬ҲǸʵۣӴ춼Ҫ˵ʲôҶ櫱ֱڻУ죬ϴһСۣƽƵģɰˡ
û˵ֱŵСһص櫣Ҫѧǻʵ۵λÿ㸸ʵģԲ䵽ϣѵǸܸʵۣ
ƾλ类ߡ
С˵òλһҪ㸸ʵһƬѪ䵽ϣ㸸ʵѪͰ׷ˡҲڻùúʦǰţѧصЩġ
ùΨһˣǲẦġ
ŶһúѧøʵѪСƶǻŵصͷ漴Ǵ۾᣺磬븸ˡ
櫹ԣҪѧǿһı£ɲޣ˼ҪЦġ쿴ĵСҲܲζ
ȻСѾʮ꣬󣬿Сһֱӣ˶꣬ȫһСŮ
ͻȻʧȥĸףҲ
죬ԷˣҺӴɺߵǰС㱧
ҲСҲˣڱСʱü۵һ
ӣֻ¶һĨЦ⼸Ҳ֪֮Ҫߣɺ
Сÿ곯˵缸졣
벻ǣڵ֪ɺס̻ʱҲ˹ﲻˡ
ɺദĵǲǲŮȻһѧϣһǾ̺Ϳ˵۹ϣŮ࣬ͬĻﲻ١
;һ͵ЦҲ֪ЩʲôϧһƵģüۡ
ȻȻס̻ᣬŮ㣬Ҳɺף⻹ñСһûнһķչ
ļҴ塢ɽ
СʵСôˮô
С˫΢գСһʯ֮ϣһε˳ſʯȥƬ֮ݵ˫ۣ˷ܵص磬ˮܴɽ֮¶ǣһвİ󡣡
ҽȫɵҵʵԻʮ
ǻʲôɰ쾪ϲҲڣɲܱ˹ֹɵһ㲻ʣ
ԭΪֵ۹϶פٸ֣δСٲһ
˭뵽ϴαǷ֮ÿһʱ䶫Դɱɼֹ
տʼֻھ򣬿ʤĸֲϮʧأҲ
ԭԴҲ⵽ʲôʯùƶᣬÿǵ˸յɽ£ֵĸ־͵ˡ
˫һֱȥʤ޷̽飬Ҳ޷ɡ
졣
磬ҪʱܽǵȫɡСգ۾첻ص̫࣬ɵ֮Ҳ˯Ҫܳһʱ䡣
û£ĵɰɣѾǰǸССӣҲԱ֮ˡͷ
СҲٳɣ̽£˫ְڿʯ֮ϣһ㾫Կʯ֮ˮһӿ塣
Ҳһһ߼Χ˽


 


001 
˵һ飬ԺΨǴӣ˳üĮؿǰҲġ
ǰʮ۹ѧԺӢУĿǰһӾʿ㣬ȫɢųս⡣
Ǳδʤμѡѧ
Ļ˿˵ǰ˼ǻᣬҲսȻѧԺָΪǵĶӳȴ̫顣
Ҫ̣ܿҲûзԣΪʵ֮ģǿΪ˼ǵУѧԺ֮ǰʵǿ죬Ҳûз˼
û취ϴڰ櫾֮ʱӊڳ뾫עڣʵͻƣʡ
˵ЩѧУһУҲǸ֡
У챾ʵǿ֮⣬ֵܣȫ⼸ǿҲȫΨǴӣЩ˵֧֣Ļ˸ҷԡ
ܺãһΪǽѡҡصͷЦȻҲұ֤ȫŻұֻ֤ҪŻģǵʵҪϡ
һ󾪺ǣǶôֲƽʱҪʮʱ
⻹ڲƿ¡
ʮУкüֻоӾͻƵʣǿһ޴ĿܶһӶͻƲˡ
ܸ˳ŵ˳֮⣬Щɡ
ǲûɣҿԱ֤ЦǺǵԱ߹гεָָȫֵܵǴʵǼʵͿԿ
۹ѧԺʱǿĲ˸ûдﵽȫʣһǱǿĴڣõ֤
ƴһٿĿⶼûȣЩھľӢǣǲǣֻҪܴﵽһʣǱˡ
Ȼһʽһ֮ȴر
ˣٸһѡĻᣬǿ˭Ҫ˳ġɫصȥȻһͬҲǳΣգǰȥˣһѡ֮УҲ
ϣӳΪһǾʱľ򡣡һվһۣοεĶ黹ΪǿģǸûʲôõĵġ
˵֮ǱΪѧԺһĳӥ衣
ãȻˣҲٷϻξҴǰˣ·һ˵йѡ顣

Ŷƴһȣʮ˴ųս⣬ϱѧԺɱȥ
ѾʤнǧһССΪش֮䣬˵ıؾ֮أ쳣ķ
ɣ·ҶˣϢһߡ˵һأǺˣ򣬷͵ƣ⵽Ĺ
һСѣҲûʲô֣ǵʵѵǣһһӰͷг˲м
һ˵ӣЦǶʤľӢ֪ǶЩǧҪСˡ
Ȼһ򣬵ʵԲÿܱ߼Ҷۺ죬ôȻڼ֮⡣
СͲ˵ˣÿһ϶۸֣˵֮лŸߴ߰ۡ
ǰһ۹ȥμѡĶӵһۣСĹأҡڵĽ룬ڱС򾯸󲻵ڸģ֮˴ˡ
СˣȻʱܵÿ죬û˽Ӵ˱㷢˶СʮһƬС֡
֮ңȫϣСִ˵ļһǱʬҲһ롣
Ǹڵĵ۹飬Ȼûв鵽˭ɵģһ֪ҵˣɳһϮҪ̤ƽûбƽȴһҹ֮䱻˽ʬ֮⡣
֮Ҳû˸ңܱߵļ۹Ҳٴ⣬Ǿһйһ㡣
˻˶̲סһȫŶȥ


002 
˺ܶ࣬඼ߺ̷ȴû˸ﵷңЩԻƢӶҲ˹Ա
ʱֵѡܱߵĺܶҵĴ鶼ϢǶעһ㣬ǧҵĶ鷢ͻ˵
ϣǵʵûҪǰɡ˵
ǣǵʵκһҶóʵĶ飬˵һ飬֣ҲǵĶ֡ЦҽǲҪͻΪҲôͽǵʵ¶ȥ
һǵʵҲ޷أʱҵĴ֪Ϊ˴ѹǣ϶ѡԸǡ
ν˫ȭѵ֣ǿһЩǿĵ۹ɳĶҲһܹԸǾδܹԸˡ
ǵĿͨѡΪһԱûҪΪһСԹ𲻱Ҫ鷳
ǡ˹Ӧ
˵䣬һջСһôһȺ˫һһά
ǰǣȥ׼һܹסЩ˵ԺӡƽСϺòιǵЩǱҪǳʲô⣬ʡ
˷ģǿջ˼꣬û⡣СڵĽӹ˵кһС˽ȥ
ջȻôԺӡ˸СһԺӣ˶̲ס˾֮
Ժ㹻󣬹Ƿʮ䣬Ժڻиֻݣǿջǻص˼ҵĸо
ûʲôþġƾһһºЦ˽͵һЩгУܶջ׼ԺӣΪǷЩŶӾס
һЩ͵̶ӣﶼǳĹأԱֿΣգǸϲһסԺС
ˣ˵һҪȥϴһ£һ˷ԸȥתתҲУϢҲС˵꣬תԼķ䡣
ճԹҵ죬жȫֵԼ
Ҷǵһ뿪۹涼ܺ棬ȥ䡣
Ҳȥߣûоܾ
ȷʵܷ㼸ΧеĳһЩƷֱһƷתվ
ǰһءͻȻָŷϲغʲôöҲ˵һء
ȥһߺȣ˱˹ȥ
Ҫμᡣ᳡ڣȫŵһ˵
𾪵ǣŵӾȻһţʤ̻̻Ҳ
ԣÿ˽һٽҡޱĵ
ûҪһٽңһ۵ĸȴЦӹԲȥ
ӵ̬˺⣬һ˵˶Թ˿ͶǷǳģĻǰӣ̬Ȱ˵ġ
˵أжȵѣҲ£߰ٽҽӣó߸ӸǵĺƣҪ;ٴ˺ƣȻ˽µƷøǡ
ס˺СıܣԺΪ׼ƷһǵĺƵˣôµƷ޷㡣
ʱӵѾȸղһЩ
лͷ˽ȥ
ۡСֹȻҲ۲ƣΪƶǶԽһǿúء
˼ҲҪ˶ǳʲôЦЦ
᳡ܴǧˣʱѼǺòײҵλ¡
ϵƷܶ࣬ҩڵҩʯгĵҲܶࡣ
ǶǣûҺ۵ģһ۸ƷֵʱҲˡ
ЩߵĽ̬ȣӦˡ
۱ƷļֵȣЩ»׬Ǯɻؿ
ڲͬĵطͬһƷļֵǲͬġЦǿļ۸ȷʵƷļֵȣĵطǵļֵпܶһ
ֵ˵òƷļֵ뵱صĳźܴĹϵѵûз֣ڱزһЩʯҩĵر࣬һЩȣ˾ҪٵöࡣЦ
˵֮ʣкüƷĳȥ
λÿһεͨƷѾֻ꣬ʣ̨ϵŮʦһ̨ԭֵһӰҲͣ˵עתʦϡ
ȸҽһƷҶĳһƷģôҪ׼ˣΪƷʯ
һ·ٴ


003 
ʲôЦýǻʲô
ǣǵǮǲģֱƭǮǵǮ
ƾʲôֻʯףҲǮҽҲʯΪʲôǲμӰ

˳ֲݣû취ʯڴ˵ѵһʯףһӱ㽫˸̭ȥ
ѹƷʯģ˰Ĺأﳳѵ£ʦһĸղŵЦݣ˵ͺȵ
һ䣬̨ĺȻ򿪣һȺ߾Ұһ˳ÿһ϶ųǫ̃µɫ䣬˲졣
ʵǿһӾͳʣǿĴﵽʡŴ죬ޱ𾪵ؿЩߡ
Ϊ׵ʸ֮⣬󣬻ʮʵôһС򣬲ò˵ĺֲܿ
Щϵɱ¾ϢأƽҶСһ㡣ü˵
˵Ӿһɱ¾ܵϽˣ϶żǧɾǵЩͳϵɷҲϲϳȺˡ
š˵˵ͷɨתһۣ淢ΧŲڼųڵˡ
ҶĿˣŴҶԸʲô飬ὨڴˣҲ޷ƣλʲôͻŮʦĮɨһ̨µˣҪҲ㵽ס
ϣŮʦ϶ʱ¶紺Ц⣬ҽƷһ׵мԴսԹҪעˣ˵ĳ
һ·ٴηˣһЩ˸Ħȭƣ׼һǼԹߣ˫۶һƬ졣
мȻĳ¶һĨммڱ˺󣬵ҲÿһɣȻмĳɵĳ׵
ӦͼмЦȻЩҲǷǳ󡣡
˵ͷǼ϶ŸƷʷȻ׵
ǰֵܣǽ¶ǰһʥҲҪ
Զսλǰ֮󣬲ѪѣʵǣϵһýҲøǡ
Ǹ߼кüʯǳɶѣһٳΪеģȻҲϡ
̨ϵʦǳϵ۵òּ࣬ڶҩ鵤öŴҶ֪鵤ãÿһöʸһǣһһֻܷöȻǾҲԽʣɹʿԴﵽųɡ
öôôõĵҩ켸˵ĿҲȫˣöҩ˿һǡ
Լǲʱ䣬ֻҪߣҪĶ
һҪ¡ȭͷһ˷ܡ
ԣܶߵļǮǶҪȫͰҲ˷ܵʯȻҪҶףʵҪʯܵõ
ǿˡȻҲܼȴҪ侲ö࣬ϾĵҩǰҲв١
ϧЩõò࣬ʣµһҲңϳһö˵ҩ֮⣬ֻһЩƷҩĵҩѾûжЧ
ԣöҩ˵ҲǳҪ
˳ĿŤͷһۣɨ˳طһۣһӱ˰أͷð亹
Ǳߣͳһɫε˫ɢһĿ⿴̨װеҩƿȫɢǿɱõԱŵ˶ֵ˵һߡ
˵ʵȫȫܴϸеһɵѹֶ뻳УȻ·ţܿ
붼֪˾Բ࣬ʹϵɷͿԿÿһʵʣ򲻿
Ȼˣȫǻδػ£ϾϿɲֹǼˣжλڣһ֣ƿ϶һʱϵ
ɳУһĶнʮʺǿһˣǿһۣͱ˷֣ǵĿ⿴ʱϸоиһ㣬ȫ쬵ġ
Щ֯ŶӣлвٵĶһʵҲǲСBϸ־ͳʮˣһ붼Ƕȫǿʵġ


004 
һССᣬôôǿߡͷϵ亹ĨЩ
ǰһֱڵ۹ѧԺȻʱҲ˷ͻҲѧԺеѧ棬˲ƼҴүݣ˭
̣ǵһμʶвɵ÷顣
ʱǱ±¶ʵҿǻ߰ɡҲȻⵤҩҲҪûҪðվ鷳֮С
ʲôȵȵȡüͷЦ鵤Ȼ󣬵˶ҵҪʲô˴
ɴ˵˲鷳ġһؿô۸־кüˣһǴϳ֣Ҳδܱȫ
ֻǿû˵Ҫ֡ЦЦ㲻ˣͷĿ⿴̨ϡ
ܿ죬һƷζƷĲŮǻһߣһ֣ɫһӱˡ
Ȼƣ˫ۻǣ壬ϸûһսͺһͨһ㡣
ȴὡ֮ɢһϣǵʶ̽ʱȻһüһۣһ˲䣬оĿ̽˫ۣõԴһʹ
ǿʶѵһڣɫأһڵʶ˿Էضǿ
һ̨ϵʦŮӽ򿪣һ߰ߣƬҶӳŵĻ䡣
䲻ֻһӤƴСƬ꣬ÿһƬһֲͬɫޡ
ɫһ仨͵λվȫҲͬʱվ
֮⣬᳡֮УֻҪЩʶϳ˻ȫһվǿ򻨶ĿȫɢɫĹâǶһ㡣
ˣʲôɫʵ˶𾪣µ˶ǷƷ
֡
컹δüش±ߵĸʸĵһ㣬̨ϳ˹ȥ
סǡһ˶֣ԱŶӵĸҲˣǣֻҪϳɫߣȫ˷һ㣬Ź㳡ϳ˹ȥ
һ۷һȭһǰʸָɱ˼׷Ա߶
Լ¶߰ЦݣϧδãһɢſֲϢ߱嵽ǰһȥ
ãɢĿֲõɫ䣬һԱ߶һӡȻһΡ
һ̣ǽãݺݵĺڻ֮ϣȻǷɢĻΰһҲһڵһ㱻ɳȥ
Ҵˣһ׼֮ȻǻûнɫõϣѾȴ
һ֣ɱǷǳĿֲҲЩ˸ûйЩΪɫһȫˡ
һЩʵһ߼ͻȻʮϸ֣֪ɫԼܹõģһ߶˴սĲһŴɱȥ
ߵǿԶʵĴսĲǿӣЩµߣͨ˿ɾͲˡ
ʸֵĴսĲͲֵܵģѤսڴ֮Ĵ䣬˼ɾһ㣬
ǻ£ȴŶħһɱһ·ͨ˶˺ѣͼҲֵܵôһ˲䣬ջӲˡ
̨ϣ˲ҵĴǲûһ˿ľţЩ֮ǰֵҲŮʦʦ˿Ըõıǡ
Ůʦߣ˾Ȼһۣ϶¶һĨɱ⡣
һӰһ̨ϳȥ̨һʸһߣӽ˹ȥ
û뵽ǣ߲㲻־һأǽԴ
ǷɽѪԱػһħһ㣬¡
һɱһʣʵֲ֮
׺ݲûסػߣʸֻӽȥ
ʵĶ˰ģΪһ˱ǵĶ죬ǾŮʦ
ֻŮʦӰһʵǰ棬һӣһɢſֲɱӡһ·ռ䶼ʹ֮
ɫһ䣬ۿӡѵǰѱ֮鼱֮£һӣΪһãӡ


005 󷨴ʦ
䡭
һȻ죬ֱһ˶ɳȥǱըǿ̨ϼػ߸öᡣ
һ̨߳ûᵽƷľٶȴ˵ע⣬һʱ֮䣬˶˴򶷣̨ϳ
ʮϵĸͬʱ̨иźü۸֣֮ǿɢϢ㼯һԶ˶
̨ϵŮʦȴû˿ľ⡣
Ϸ֪Щͼı֮һ꣬ǳ˱ΣñʧأǾ͸һɡͻȻףҲҪȫնɱһҪʬҵǰԴϴˢĳ衣
˵䣬˫Ѹٵı仯һµĽӡзʧڿ֮С
һ̣᳡ɢһöһɹԻ᳡ɢ
ãϼһ󷨴ʦڴ˻᳡󷨡󾪣ָо̫ϤףΪʲôߵʶôǿԭһʦ
ϧ֮ʱѾˡ
һ̣һĻ֣˲佫᳡֣ǰľɫҲΪ֮һ䣬һƬãã޼ʵɳĮȫޱ𾪵վɳĮϣ֪롣
𶯣һʽ󷨣ǧ𶯣ɱ󡣡˵ֻҪվԭأһֱûбֳ⣬ϼһﲻ̫Ϊǣûн˽֮ǰΪǡ
ԣ˲ٶȫȴɻʵֵܣʲôǸʽ󷨣
ʦ󷨣ǵһ󷨣ҪôǷ󷨣Ҫôǹ󷨣ҪôǻЩ󷨽Ϊڵ󷨣һ㣬ҲƳ
ﵽʦ֮ʦһʵʱǱܹԼ󷨵գЩһһγɸʽ󷨡
ǧΪĽһֻԻǣǲɱʵȻ֮У˻󣬻ɱ󡣡
ûиоһĻͬһĻͨԻ˵һиоǲþôߣ֮Ѱ£Ƕԭشת
ֻǵӾþһ߶ԭ߶֮߶ֻǲ֪ѡ
һߵɱ󴥷֮ɱͻᱻʱôĶ֪
˵ţó׵ԣҾȻʮӡһ̣ЩãһһɫĽ֣˰档
һ̣ǰӰɫһ䣬ããɳĮֻص˸ղŵĴ֮Уǻܽһ
ǿ˶ֽűȫֱð
ȷʵ˵Ǹ󷨣Ще߸󷨣綫ȫǸղһڴҴܡ
ÿߵʱЩӶᱩãЩ߸ɱЩƺֲЩãһɵһվƾЩã˺顣
Ůʦػȫվ̨ϣϷһ㣬ȥ
ҲһЩԸߣһԼ֮Уͻӽȴ֪ǵĽãһ뿪ʧ٣ܹһӰ졣
ÿֲȫ˿̲סһ
Ǻÿֲͷϼһ󷨵Ҹߡ
ǲǶҪ棿ɫ䡣
ģȻϼһϵȷʵҸߣ뿪һġһЦһתԵļգסҵĽӡ
Ȼ콫õ󷨳ǰֱһƬ޼ʵɳĮǰŴңҲٺ£һĽŲŴȥ̨ϣŮʦһѪЦݵؿ·֮еˣҴܣ޼µĻߵɱԱߣɱһѪ⡣
ϵЦԽŨ
šͻȻɫһ䣬Ťͷȥķ򣬿Ĵ£׵رܿĲõɱȥб˼Ĺâ
ôˣߵŮʦ˳ߵĿ⿴ȥһ·ƽµȥ춼һѼ
ôܣôܱܿЩɱ󡣡Ůʦ֪󷨿߻ʱŲóɹĻ˵ڸ棬Ҳ
ڼСһȴȫ߳ȥˡ


006 
û뵽һʮ겻СһȻ󷨴ʦǿۡ¶ɭ⣬нӡѸٵı
һ̣ȥɫ͵һ䣬Ȼһת
Ķ̫ˣûзӦ㱻˵ˣǿĳǽߵļ˶嵽ڵء
ݡ
Ľãͻأվ֮أûκεԤף콫˵ʱѾ촦
û˷ӦͻȻ֮䣬һѳ嵽ǰץԱ߶ȥˤͷۻ
ȻûпãȹֶΣȴûй죬Ϊ֪ʱԲЦ
ڽ֮û˿ĳɣֵǰһץסһץס˸Ҳԡ
һССӣ֮вõιܲҵҪһܾȵ˼ˡ̨ϵɭȻЦԽŨ
ţϵĽӡ仯ø졣

ûȥˤˣóԱ߱һɨ˹ȥ
䡭
ãϣһɹɿöȫϵļⶼһʹ
ǱߡŶȫһͺȣٴλΪһãɨ˳ȥ
㡣ȫһóԼҪȥ
еع۸󷨴ʦʶȲ֮ǿ̫࣬򶼷ֲˣҲﲻҡ켱ȥ
ȫҲɣʱȷʵЩֵֻܷ֮ʱһĺ
㹥
ȫһߣͻȻһԾݺݵĻ
䡭
һȻΪ֮һղŻعȻʧ
Ļ쵰Ȼƻҵ󷨣ҪʬΡףһħ㣬
ĻԱߵŮʦҲһղ˵жʮѴﵽ󷨴ʦѾеֲˡ
Ȼƻõ󷨣Ǿ͸˼ˡ
Ҫ֪󷨲߻²Ųóɹģͬʱ߸ڶʮǰ󷨴ʦ
ôȥ󷨴ʦ۷壬ʱ䲼õĿһ󷨴ʦܹƳġ
뵽ĿֲŮʦЩˡ
ôʵΨһЩȫܹЩĽܹܳǵġ
ʲô⣬ԺҲÿˣһֲ׷ɱ
Ҫ֪￪˰꣬ǰƽƽģɾһƿˣֲԸ
ΪﴦڣǸҲǿĶÿֻҪһֹƷǰΪ׼㣬ѾüΣǵڵѾǰ˺ܶࡣ
ΣǽӵһίУҪɫʱҲ棬ɫõԱļ۸߲١
һѶǲףԭɫ·Щ⣬¶棬õ
ڵ֪֮ǿ˺þãžίУˣǻɫ壬ͼ֮ǰһ򾡡
һ»ûнһǾҲ޷ȥˡ
ԭȰ˵߷ŹǵģϾ֮ǰûжģһֱʵ߽󷨿棬Ҳȥûƻ
룬ǷˣΪߵӣ˵ƤӣҲģȻˣ粻˵
нӡĲϱ仯֮УʮϣʱȫãǵصϮ
ɫ䣬ܵԣóһнӡѸٱ仯
գۼ䣬һĻЩ֮бʵʵİ档
Ļһ֣ǰһӱÿǵغĽãɫֱһƬҰס
ЩãĻֻϮĹһ߿󷨽󷨵ķӵ£һ߶˺
ǡ˴Ӧһֺսӿ
Ʊڡ


ɨǧ
߾ն
սķһ·ƬĽãӦıͰƱڣȻûֱӻЩϮĽã
սȴǰγһʵǽڣƬĽãס
Ľã̫ˣֱǵأ˵սǱЩã


007 Ҫľ
䡭
ܼĽãȺһƵ󷨹Ļ֮ϣõǹãеСҡβÿһ£һݡ
ģȫд󼱣Ƕ󷨸ʱͲ졣
ЩãѺ䵽ǰսʹǵսٲ˽ãѹսıըĸ
С֣ԲȻҲƻҵ󷨣ҾҪǫֵ̂ϵ߿ѵصֵţ¶˵Ц
ʱΪ˶Ը죬ѾЩеߣҲûȥܡ
ɼжޡ
Ůʦһǣջ̲סߵǸղҲûв뵽Ӧǡɶͷǰɣ
ǡ߿һŮʦ¶һĨЦƻҵĴǻųȥһкڴ½ϻ졣
Ůʦ죬˵ȷ󷨹ǣôƻĴ󣬵Ůʦû˵ڣû취ȻһۣλԶһ󷨴ʦ
߻δ˷ܶã˱ٴγ֣ƱںͱһʹֱӽĽãסһѹ
ȥ
һͺȣû뵽Ļĸõѱð͸ĹĻ˲ãţĽãȫ¡
һãȫʱȻɫѱòҰףǶѪõķ֮£԰Ȼرˡ
ôܣⲻܡһĻ߾ʧķһ㣬ﲻͣ߶Ųܣ˼ǽ롣
ԱߵŮʦ𾪵һĻҲǴ˰죬³֣ѵʦ
ûǶ𾪣ʱŭ죬һչָĴҺ䣬ʹȫЩӣǼɱĹ㣬ҲǴۡ
ȻҶǳ֣ǾҪľ򡣡
£һ䵽һǰӷãȭӰ磬ͺӰȭͷ֮Ϸݺݵĺϡ
䡭
ȻһʮһӸһҪãͱһȭȻ顣
һ飬˴󷨱ƣڴ˵ص߶ʱǰһþʧֻص˴֮С
ʸһӻӰ֮гɱ˫۱㶢ϡ
ûǳ֣صʮֻۣƳһ뱻ͳְɡ
˶һۣ絶ĿڴתƿҲٳɣӰһֳһӡ
䡭
ڵһ㣬ϵҡţƬ̣ӣȫȫٵӣΧȫٵˡ
һʧȥŸ󷨣˶˻þЩһ㶼ɵȻʶ죬˭û֣ΪҶ֪û죬Ǳᱻ
쵰ҪƤ̨ϵ߿Լ಼õ󷨱ƵĶڵѪ
Ҳһħһߴһ߿󷨣Ĺȥ
졣
һЩã֮һһ
䡭
Խã֮дݺݵĺһϣӦϣͬھŷһӷ
սҰ
һľһӱϡ
Ƭ̣кüӱϣһ޵սһ㣬ڱ˿ޱȵ֮зɴţһۻٵ
ܴûг̨ϵߣΪѾȻǶۣȴҲܹԸġ
οԱ߻ŮʦͼһȺ
ҪٵȻղŴҲɱٸ֣ڴ֮лһ룬ֻҪһƣЩ˿϶嵽̨ˡ
ʱǾԲǶ֣ٲսڣͲóɹ
֮д޼ʣս񣬲ϵƻۣ߳˫ۣȫڲȴûа취衣
쿴ú׼Щӳ֮⣬ɱĹ㣬ÿƻһӣ󷨻٣ͬʱеɱΪ㱻٣Ҳ
һٵʮӣڹѾ˽ĳɣ֮ǰȫʢ֮ʱûа취ֻʣɣֹˡ
߲ͬǣ˿Ŀֲһһ


008 
òҪǡ˵ͬһ뷨
ڵʮӱ챻֮һ˶о󷨵ļһЩȽ߻ڻþ֮С
ϵĸֶѾ֮˳
Աȥͬ飬Щһ˫۶ħ񱩵Ĺâ
ɱͬһʱ䣬һ̨ϳȥ
סǡŴ󱻻٣ֱӴˣ˶ûᣬԱߵŮʦȴûдͣһЩˣɫһӱòҰףܿԱߵػߺ
ɱػ߷ԾͬʱŮʦҲ˳ȥ˲䣬߱ɱһ
ϧŮʦȻʵǿҲܲס˵ĹýڽڰˣЩػҲһ˲䱻ɱ˺üˡ
ʱڷӦۿŮʦѾסһȫһǿֲϢ˳˹ȥ
ߵļ룬ŮʦһЩԵȴ۸ֵΧԷǿĶۣŮʦҲ١
˫ϣŮʦȻ·硣
ô죿һ̨ϵĴսһγ飬ûдľ飬ֻܿ졣
ϻ쵰ղžȻɱǣһŷ˲Ҳңұذٱ֮˫бɱȻҪɱǣǾ֮֮
ɫһ䣬߿۸ְƾĿ£δӦԱߵĶȫֵܱ㱩ս⡣
ɱ
ǣΨһŮҲΪ˷ܶͨ졣
ܲ죬Ȼһֱ޷죬Ҳڵ۹ѧԺʲôʱҲˣ
ûȥеɻһ֮˶ȥܵǿս⣬еǵҲʧ٣ֻʣޱߵս⡣
ʶһ۸ֵ
һȥ߳˹ȥŰǺˣ϶
ǳտʼһ⣬۸ϻ¶Ц⣬Ͼֻʣһʡ
ǿûôһȥֲսߺȥҲûй߶սۡ

Ʊڡ


ɨǧ
߾ն
սһǿֲĻ֮˵ע⣬Щսһ·ռ䶼˺ѳһѺۣ˶ɴ۾¶˼Ŀ⡣
ˣˡŮʦڷӦһȣҲΧۣһתԶɱȥ
ϧŷɳԶռͻȻһһ޴ıһ㣬˵嶼޷ֻؿЩս
Ůʦ۵ʵҪƷͱﲢ̫ѣʱȴûиǸʱ䡣
ұ
޴ճ嵽ߵǰһͺ𣬽ţҲһȡ
䡭ըһǿֲĿ֮˲佫߸ɣֻ˲䣬ʵȫ⣬ȻסһҲˣڵ϶á
ǼλۣһҲǿѪȻܵ˺
鲢δʹ˽ǵıը£߸С̫ߵĽãԼһɢͷƤĽãֳǵǰ
λӦûзӦֱ𱻻Уɳȥ
ϻ쵰ȥ嵽ɳʦǰ˫ֳɽȥ
һ
ʦһĴ֮£ѾŪͷת򣬽Ľãױͷһ¡
öۣøĴʦʦôһ˲䣬նɱ
ҹңϧһһѽָϴŵĻýȡ£ɴܶ
ղۿƷǱ߸ս˻ý֮С
ߡ
һͺȣתȥ
סǣɫǸý֮С߽ĳ֮⣬Ҳˡ
˽ҪܣܷŹǣһŮʦȥ
Ʊڡ

Ȼתе¶˲½׹ѡ
ǰı仯׷۸ȫɫһ䣬ղǾǳԵսĿ˲ᡣ
ʱٿǰϤһĻĻǰ壬ȫˣٶȱ׷ϲ١
׷ң±ӰɡӰ𣬼ӡϿգȻһµͼ


009 ı
Ȼˣϻ쵰աϸһĨɭȻЦݣǼӡЩӡȫΪһ⣬ûϿյͼ֮Уһ̣ǸԿֲٶ͡
ûͼӰһŰ׷ȥ
ղȥʲôˣ׷ʵ£֮Ϊ۵ȫһʱ֮䣬ʮ涼
ϵһ㣬ϵµ
ղŸʲôôҪ̣ˣ󾪣Ҫ֪ػҪȻղôۣ򶷣ͻˡ
ɸղŵĴ򶷶ûٵȴͻȻҪ̣ˣǲһƻ
ɹֲңȫǸϼһһ󷨣һвԻ٣ڽҪͷԱ˶𡣡޹صϼһˣҸղŲǰԸԻٷ󡣡
㡭Ŀɿڴؿ졣
㻹ɵŸʲô˳ʮмʯöɣһըȻղ˲Ҳܹܵġһסȥ
һţѾΧ˺ЩȺУŲʼϵĸ֣컹ۣǸͳ岻ȥ
һǳȫɢǿϢ߳˹ʵ淢ʲô£
ƺ֪һλ󷨴ʦ沼һ󷨣ˣ֮вԱ󷨣ԱѾϾҪˡһ˵꣬Ҳ۸֣ҵŴԶӴܶȥ
ʲô󷨴ʦõ󷨣һԱ󷨣Ҫˡ˵˶ʧɫһԶӶȥס۶û⡣
ʱĸܵô࣬󷨴ʦõĴԱǿɲǿЦġ
СӳʲôˣûܶԶϱ
ʦߣʦҪˡĻճɫ䣬תͷɱȥ
䡭
һ˱һɿֲ籩ǸûзӦ㱻ɳȥ
񡭡ǱԵɳƵʦߣ뿪
ɨһΧǰҰˣֿһ֮ǰ֮أѱһӣΧƬķݶܵȫΪһƬ
ߵڵѪֹһЩ̫ܵأ˺üζû
̲סһð죬ѹе𾪣˵׳ʲô£
ʦң뿪һҸ켱ԱߵҲϣϽҵˣ뿪ɣ϶Ҫˡ
ߡǽı飬ûٶ˵ϻһͺ𣬴ſջȥյջſڣ˶ԱڶƵк֮£ǣƬ̱С
ǵӰʧԶһ촽¶һĨɭȻЦݡû뵽ȻʤĴӣҵҪôܡ
תСȥƬ̱һջһԺӡ
ʲô˵ʤĴ飿һƵ߿꣬ϾǾϲ֮ɫ
ǵڡ깧ĻشһжʮˣҲУǵ۹ѧԺĴ϶ơ
ֻжһˣʵ
ǵģֻжһˣѧԱĿݵǶ֮ʮ˴ﵽʣĶǾʵǳǿ󡣡
ͫһһĨΣյĹâû뵽ʤңûԼҺң˾Ҳʧ룬ǾȻɳʵĶ飬ǳؽΪǵĸ󻼡
˵ţóһ飬ʱһʲô£
Ϲ㱨ĻˡЦʤǰ˵Ĵţлŵ
ͷĬˣ߼ǶǸϼһԴӣϹҪãһˣ㽫ҲûбĻᡣ
ػȻѾﵽۣҲƵЩ󷨣ʱЩӶˡ
Сɳٶֲ֮ҵõϢʱ仹꣬һΪʣٸʱ䣬µʱͲ𣬶ˡ


010 
ֻǧҶסˡǱߴƶĮĻش¶ɭȻЦ⡣
߶һɹ꾫Ӣ׷ʤӣҪǻδ˾ȫû
ԣֵоӢǰ˷ܵһץԼĶɱȥ
죬Ҫˣϴδսҿź˺ܾã֪һȣ˭һɫԣгڴǵںڷйԼսˮ
һܳۿû׷кһƬСϢ
Сӣڸø˵ô˰ɣƿ졣
ٺһЦ콫ղ˵һ飬ɱһ󷨴ʦһеԱ˫۾ֱ
С̫ˣڲ׶Էϸ֮ʱ͸֣ҪǶԷĳˣǿô죿
οôٵļһǸҴ󷨴ʦһ
ԭƻ˵켸䣬ϾҪȥˣȻ˵ǶҽģǧȥϵҲǳĶ࣬ǶҲܽȫѹơ
ѾԵ۸ӡ
ǰʤ۹ô֣ǵԽɵˣͲһ
Ļδڣ㿴¶һĨϲȻ
һ̣϶һУ򿪣һɫѪϣʻһ˶ʱоΧһŨ˺ܶࡣ
ɫһղ׼ѵĻˣۣɫǼŮһ㣬ϡ
ԣɫҲǽЩҪĶЦЦɫװ֮УݸĵʦⶫʱòϣŰɡ
ôУ̫ˡҡͷи˹ȥ
ɫȻ󣬵Ҫõ磬һʦƲǣô̷ʵ̫˷ˡֽеݵǰЦڵҲܹƳɵҩҩʦ
⡭Ƴһ£ͷǺðɣȽ𣬵ҵҩʦƳɵҩٸ㡣
֪Ƕֱ̰֮ûӵĶЦЦҲû˵ڵս㹻ﵽɫҪ
ҪǣҲὫ
ϣɫʲôʵҲ˹
ɫŵرҲ٣ǵȴͬҪߵ츳ǱʵֻǸ
ɫʵΪôɫڼҪǣǣһκεĺ֢֮߳ɵĳɹʡ
ԣȫһٿϵʱ۾ð̹⡣
˵ı仯ƺǺһЦҲˣҽøǣҲûã𿴴˻ƯЧҲÿֲݣȴǳĿ񱩡
·ãɣڸ֣ҲһЩҩãҲһ
ƳƷҩ㲻ΣգϧƷҩʦ½ָҲһˡ
ҡҡͷƽд򿪣ָɫɫҲΪף᳤ƬҶӣÿһƬҶҪһǧ꣬ȻǳƬ꣬ÿһ껨ҲҪһǧꡣ
ɫҶ߻ܼ꣬Ҫһ꣬ԽɫɫݲͬҩЧҲĲͬ
ܶճɾͱ˲߻Ǳ޸ˣ֮ܳ٣˵ɫǳȫȡ
˻
ٴεһɫǻǴ󲿷ݶ˵Ǵ˵еƷɫȻ൱
˴ʱף쵱ʱΪʲôҪô뿪ر˷֣ȴǵĽ޼ʵ鷳
ˣҶˣǶûãõõĶǡǺһЦóһƿһѻĴ
׵мֻǿмȻǺǿǿһãѹƷ֮һ˭ȱپȥɡ
˶һۣȻ˿Щȣǲûг֣ܹΪʤǰʮӢ֣ǳ츳֮⣬д֧֡
ģǼӵ֮⣬ѧԺʦϵȵĵӻĸ϶һ׵Ǽġ
˵ˣмֻмֵҲǺܸߵģ˲Ե޹͸ǡ


011 Ʒһ
ȻûҪؿˡ
ѧܸܲҡһ
ŤͷȥһСϴŵ֮ɫӣһ˿Ͻͷ£һߵСŮһ㣬ɫ˲쵽˲Ӹ
ܸ˵˵ΪʲôҪôЦӡ
ųһ۹ѧԺʦСӣ츳ʵһֱڵ۹ѧԺʮ
֮ǰҲ۷ȴνԶսȻҵһöԶŵҩʵһ˾۷塣
ڽȷΪδŵĶӳ֮õϣûн°;
츳ȷʵǳĺãĸײѧԺеһʦޣûи̫Դ
ƾżٵԴ츳۷壬ҪŶʮ꣬츳νá
ȻԾĲЩΪԸųӲ˽֣۸ͷϣҲǸϴһЩԶˡ
⻹ʲôǣܼѪܼѪСѪҲá
һѪͻȥ
˵ɱˡ
ʱ˰죬ҲûףԶս֮أλųģ˵ֹһνԶսǵˡ
Ǻεȵĺˡ
ʵǽĻǶƶţĸȴ׵Ļ˵ȻѡΪߣ츳ôãԱҪ˷ͻ
ѧԺ֮УѧԺԱһӶѧԺܿųԸ񣬳һ죬ᱻɱġ
ԺɱŴһǰˣڴУͬѧԸһ㱣üʶա
˵ͽųӸĵˣʵڲУҲֲñˣЩֻܿԼ˭Ҳﲻ
ò˵ĸΪνǷѾ˿ģͬʱҲǷǳĺģ֪ԼĶԸҪȥʾԽӽʮɡ
ҡĹǻԵģǳʺңҡţ֧˰죬ֵûй
ֻһ⻹׷˺ôľѧԺеһλлõģУҲΨװ͡
ԣɫһԱ𣿡
һǱŵȫһǸӲԶӳҲҪˣҲҪˡ˵䣬칪
ľٶȴȻ¶ĶȵʲôЦղŻ˵Ҫֲ˵ҪҺǲǣ
ǣǡҡͷжſǻȻǣǾͻشҸղŵ⡣ٴȵ
ˡĵ
ˣ¶һĨɫԱߵİӦô
Ӧúᵶ̧ͷͦأֱף磬ѪᣬٴѣҲܵͷվڱֱʿٻ㱨һ㡣
ͷѾ˵˵ı׼㿴һϣ㻹һô
ҡҡ֧˺ü䣬ͻȻһˡ
ԣ˫һһ仰һ˿ļᶨֻҪںĶôҪǾ׶ˡ
ȻˣǾѵҰˡ콫еĳ׵ݸ
һ۳׵һĨ⣬ûнӹŤͷһԱߵ
ߡ
Ŀ⣬һŵȫһϽͷŤĶҲĶ֡
Ǿ۷壬ҲǾ۷壬мԲĶ֡콫׵ٵݵǰ
֣ûнӹ׵ҡҡͷǶѣʱԺ˵ˣҪŽᣬܶԶѳ֡
ȫһᣬһͷԵڵϣ̫ǿˣǿ춼֪ô˵ˡ
첢ûбס˵ͷ˵òǶǶ飬ӦŽᣬǳ֡
ɣҸôõ·ˣһҰޣȥɱһͷҳ伢ˡۿҪҽڣһٸҽڡ
֪ѪɱҪ֪ߣעҪ˳ͻǴʤ˲μѡѡжôпᣬ㸸Ҳ˵
ɱ¾֮أÿһ˻ųͲˣһﶼɱȥк壬ѵҪΣ֮ʱһˣ


012 Ʒ
ˣղŻ˵һˣѵҪѧŮ㣬һῴ㣬ң˶ῴ㣬Ͳ䵱һˡ
ڿѡȥޣϸһʤͲ䵱һˣҲҪˡ
ҡˡҧ죬һĨᶨһѽ׵ץϣֻɪɪ
Ȼ˵ԼˣǾȥɣˣֻһʱһʱ֮Ǿͻʱû˻㡣һĮؿ˵֮󣬱㲻
ų׽߽֣ǻҪ壬˶Ĳסüͷͷ
һҪεˣͽ
һҲ̲סȫЦ
ˣҾôףɴȥˣڵӣѡбɣʱܲķչɡüͷһص
˵òѡΣޱȣǸûоչȫҲͷ
ԱҲȫͷ˭׸һȥ
ˣȻˣǾͲȥЦʵҲһǴģԺҲ
ȫɻؿơ
ȻԸų鸣죬õˣãһҲʱײһü꣬ѧԺҲ˺ܶ취ɾ޷ͻơ
ԭ˶ΪһҲͻˣԼΪ޷ͻˣ죬Īľͻˡ
һʱĸҲҲһü꣬ҲڽĪﵽʣĸĸûƿһ·һЩϻǿ
ǱСԸų뿪ѧԺֻҪ뿪ѧԺڵ۶ķתһȦвСջ񣬾Ĺʮһ䷻Եõһ켶Ͻ׹
õĸԴ󲿷ݶӷԵĺöõѧԺɹ׵㻻ġ
˶̲סһȫǼʡ
Сӵ治һĺãԶսޱȣÿ궼һЩѧ棬ȥΣûΣգһõٵĶ
һνȥһöԶŵҩȻǿģöҩ֮ǿͨ˵һָҲͨ
ڶν룬ҵһý䣬żٿмʯͲƷʯһѲƵмϧмǲƵģѧԺ޷ֻ͵ǰ޸Ҳ֪޸ôˡ
ν룬õһöԶŲ֪ҩֱ֮Ӵ۷ͻƵ۷壬ҪȻûиĻ
𡭡
֮ͻȻ޺һӴ˶ƵĻ
°ɣһХһ𡣡һǵؿ֣˵ôãҶʶһ£ɲھˡ
İɣµġЦˣҲģɲɭ֣ޣҲĵͼޡ
һҲһ
Ƭ̣ˣ˿ʱɫȴЩŹ֡
ôˣǳʲô˰ɣüͷһ壬ʵ
ǡҡҡͷЦһһǾ֪ˡ
Ը˵Ҳûб֮飬ȴǳĺ棬һȫŤͷ֡
һӰ˵УʱץһͷȫϻץһֻҰʱСĿеͷҰޣͺʱһ
ɱģ쿴򰢿֪ɱģ˵ŵֻȻСҲɱ
ôײġҡҡͷЦ
ײģ˶һŹֵؿŰ֪ôһײͷôҰޡ
Ǻ߻׷߹ȥֻܵ˾ţһתź߻ȥײһ𣬶ˣһѪû
ҲСѲ֪ô˵ˡ
˹ȥֻҰ޷ڵϣߵǰصӳѾԻˡ
һֻҰޣɫܹŹ֣Ҳ޻˵ֻҰԼײģǱɱˣ˼ҽֻҰ˻Ǿ
ɵòȥǵƤˣãЩǳ׵ˡ


013 
ȫĽؿмͼģ˵ҲǷǳı
֮ǰΪʲôȴû뵽Ȼɵʱ˶ܺڣ֪ˣǾͿˡ
Ҫ֪ǴҲǳѣ׵½ͼмҲȳá
ȴһӱɷףԿΪöֻҰޣҪƤǾûɽˡ
ܲ˵ֻҰ޵ƤԼ˰ɣ˵˻ҪأܲѪ
ӳҡð죬ŹĿ죬Ļû˵꣬ҡͷ֪ѪһǾ仰ǲȥ棬ȥƴһ·ٲɱ¾
㲻ܿ˷ųӣһȥҲ޷ǾڻȥʤѧԺƣû˸Ұô
ҲҪף㸸֮ҪһҲúöһ£˷ԼϰϾǿԱ㣬ٹʮ֮꣬󣬻˭㣿
ѵĿһͻΪ㵣ģѵܹ̱۸ڿ㱻۸֮ʱ㸸ĸʲôܣ
ʵ㲢ûʵǾܶһﲻ磬Ψһľľϵϰ
˵ûϴһº˺ܶ࣬һڹԼСһ㡣
ҡҡȫ΢΢ز˵Ҳڲͺʲôֲһ㡣
һˣһûʲô˵ģ㻹һˣ¸ҵ𵶣ȥҰ޵Ƥˡ
ҡȥð죬ҧų׵ֻҰȥ˫ȴڲϵزš
У˶ؿȥץҰ޵Ҳؿ˹ȥ
ţһܹС
Ļδ˵꣬һҽУ˺Ȼȥ
ɣ˶Ŵ죬ԾؿŵµӰһһѽסˤڵϡ
߹ŶƿЦʦô
ҪԼģҲҪͬģǶӳ˾֧㶼ûģô죿ºһЦĸļ
Цҡҡͷ콫ڵϰٺãȻó֮ǰǸƿ˵һõƷ֮ǰѾ֪һ
ö鵤ÿһöʸһʵͬʱҲͻƽλɹʿԴﵽųɡ
˻ٴεһƿĿⶼûȣͬʱҲĽû뵽ǲμӸᣬȻõ˶ĺö
֮ǰɫǼм׵ڴ˵ûжϾȻмҲмϵķǿ˶١
ɫȻ󣬵Ҳòϡ
óö鵤ȴھͿõģǼһö鵤ǱлͻƵʣʵӴһʵ
ǻȵĿ⣬ǺһЦ֪ǶҪ鵤ʵҲãһһֻܷö鵤ҷ£ҵʵʡ
˶һĲ죬˶ƺԼö鵤ѵҪöĵ鵤͸˷ã뵽˵Ķð̹⡣
룬ԱߵĶĻҲؿ죬ĵҩֵܶпܷĿɳȻҪøˣ
˲֮ʱ֪ҲôǴʤȥμѡˣǾһ壬һ˵ʵǿҲȲ˵
ҳ֮ʱ˵ѡʱұ֤ǵʵŵɣֻҪǹͬŬѲǡ
ԣΪŶӷӳΪǿʵŶӶڽ£Ҿö鵤λ
˾䳤ö鵤͹ˣǻͣһ죬ϣץʱͻơ
лӳ˼վнӹҩٿʱ˸м
ȻǶǾ۷壬⿿ԼͻƣҲðʱ䣬һܳɹö飬Ǳ׵ͻơ
֮ǰڽԶսʱҲ۷壬Զս֮еõһƿҩʵһ˾
ΪǷõҩǿģͻƵʸܣǰæҲǸмԸӡ
䳤˾ˣ䳤ãϴνԶսʱǾΪ⵽ԼҵϮ֮󣬴󲿷ʱ䶼ͬˣûκεջ
ʵҲûͻƵʣɿǰһľӢѧԱһΪʣҲٿ֮ǰЩˣЩ̧ͷö鵤ôм졣


014 ·ɱ
˾͸˵ˣ˾ԭһܳţڽԶսʱǶǾΪȳ֮ʱǶΪʡ
˭û뵽ԼһϮǣΪԼûгޣǻΪû˸ҵǣΪǣûһԼҳûɱ˴ֲӵܶˡ
ԭֻһԶսõһöͻƵ˾ҳס˳档
һǰˣԭʵûʸģҪ֪۹ѧԺľʻкüɾΪ뵽˾Ϊһ壬һ˶ûУʵڲÿŸһᡣ
ȻôΪ˾Ϊ˾櫣˾櫿ʤ۹壬˾ҵ峤˾޹⣬Ҳˣĸ磬ɫҲÿ
ԭǷһ飬ָĵҩô޶أ
ʱǺ޲ùڵϣЧСܣǵ˾櫵ĹϵôҲӦûж
ȴ
лң˵һ壬ֻǼǲͻƵʣ֮󣬻ϴҵĺȡ˵ţ֮ȻεҩޣϣԼҲҪŬҪϴҵĺȣԼͻãԼͻƣԺҲ취ǡ
ǣӳ˶ͷӦ
ˣڴҷɢغøܷʲô£ԲӰ쵽ǵͻơһ֣˿
˿֮ʱ컹ĵؿһۣĿг
ԭΪʵζĶӳ϶֮ǰѧԺ˶ôΪġ
ͻ𣬲һľ֮٣ʵԿֲٶȱǣǽĶӳ֮λˡ
ȻԴˣһֱûзԣ˵ǺܲģУɾһ
ֱ죬ղŵľٶ׵ĶˣôĶóָңһ㣬Լû취
ûеõҩ콫ԼõĶŶʵǶѣͬʱҲͬĶӳ֮λ
ɵòĵ˵ͷ
һҹܿȥ˾˶˳ͻƵʣ˷ܲѣҲǳ˷ܣһֶʸ֣ʵִ˲١
ڰҹʱҲ˹ȥýҰ޵ƤƿֻҰ޲ѪˮһʱԴһը˶εˡ
һѹ㷢ԣ²ѣ콫ϻȥֱַ֤´ξԲˡ
쵹Ҳûֻϣܹڴҽѡ֮ǰ˷ë
ˣ׼һ£ǻҪ·кһұ㿪ʼռƬ̱׼ã·
һ·ɱת۱ٶȥ
ͻȻ֮䣬üͷһ壬ѵСĵ㣬һ߹ʵ۸֡
ԣٶȣһ
ܿ죬һ㴫˹Ƭ̣һȺ߱˵֮С
ãǹֵ۹ĴţΪ֮ǺӼҵһλ̫ϳϣкԱһǽŵƶͻȻ
׼սһͺȣ˶˳Ҫ֪ʤ־ǲݵУһ棬ԲܺƽĹȥ
ο˶ǴԼǰȥμ˵ѡʱ򣬱˵ǺǣǣҲֽǽ
ϾڽǽԺ㽫һ֡
ۣһƶҲǵĶ֣һҽס뿪ͻȻɫĶ˵
ʦҪߴһߣһߡǲһƶѣʱͽǣֻҪǺǣסС
ϷģƶǣŶˣ©֮㲻ɡһЦгŵý콫һˣ󻼡
ǽʵȫչ¶һȥѡʱǽΪʸ֮ġƵĵص
Ҫ֪ѡǸ꾫ӢһЩ۹ʤʵǿһЩĺҲǿһЩҲǿ̫࣬Ͼʵ
ǿҲʣһ֮һʾѾˡ


015 ѹƶ
ѾԶ̶ȣһʵʣսǿԺɨһӣ⻹аǺüλʡ
ˣ֮УҲֻʣ˻Ǿʣ˿ֲʵ˽񣬾ʹûгֹ
Ϊǿĵ۹꾫ӢҲܴﵽ̶ȣһȥԻֻš
һȻ£һнٸ۹öֻ࣬Ҫʮеȵ۹ŶǱԲ
ԣһֱǵ͵Ҫ˵ע⣬µľǴȥ۹ֵơ
ȫˣȻͲᴫȥˡĮ˵ŨصɱһݣǵʵҲûо˵󻰣Ҳٶ˵ʲô
෴˾еɱϣˮһõĶӳ
һʦǣƣƶҡֵܡȫѧԸĮ˴죬ɱֵ۹ӢһŹ
漴Ťͷǵĵһսǳļ࣬һչ㣬ԼСĵ㡣
ǶӳĿڷȻԼĴսǺܺµġ
ʱûʱΪֵ۹ĶѾǰ
û뵽ǾȻ档ʤǰͣ£ɨһۣŶȥЦ
Цݣͺ겻ѣϸһȴܷ֣Ц֮ɭȻɱ
ǰҲû뵽Ҳ΢΢һЦ
ǺǡһЦ˵ջ٣ˣһ걻˴͵ɫҲ䵽ϣ˵һλ󷨴ʦıղأ˵߷һ룬ҲҪҪѹһƷǾС
һ˶ɫһʱףΪʲôֵ۹ĴţԭͶԼһˡ
ǾǳԼİ
뵽һŨصɱϱ
˲˵ҵѧƴûģҪøǸܡĮؿźҪߣǿó·鷳ҲԷ㵽ס
˵ţһԱߵƶЦΪһǾǡ
ȻˣǾͱҲɫһһŨصɱղô˵һڡ
ֻҪڳ㣬Ժ׷£Ҳȡ
ɱһɫ֮⣬жǡҲǺˣֱӾ˾ɱ
ν֮±·һƷǴҵģĹֵ۹꾫ӢǶʱ˫ɢһĹ⡣
ǿ֪Ǵõö鵤֮⣬ϵװҲۺ첻ѡ
ϾʤͬʤռһԶսÿȻʧٵѧͬÿ궼˴һЩƵķҲǿ޸ġ
ûзʯҲһЩ
ոһգָͱȲˣʱֵ۹һЩ꾫ӢõĻʥƷзĲһ롣
С֣ҽţɱͽҾҪͷΪҵڶͽû˳֣ƶһȣ졣
ϹռȻˣҾȥͽǼ棬һ˹µһЦ˫һţϷȥ
ɱ
붫ȫҲͬʱһȣƶ˹ȥ

߶飬˲佫ʵʣнӡ֣һʮ׳ľ޴˲ʵͷƶ˹ȥ
ܵȻǵϢƶͫһͷʱƶһۣҲⲻɫ䡣
Сû뵽ʵѾ֮ǿҪǲܽɱǻֻôһ˲䣬ƶҲҪնɱ
ڸܵǷɢĿֲϢҲûӲƴһԾŰгȥ
ݡƶһ
ùô¶һĨЦнӡһ䣬Ӵһתצƶ׷˹ȥ
ôܣսôת䣿ƶɫ䣬սܸ׷ǵһμʶ֮ǰû
Ŀ֮£׷š
ƶŭɶõ۸֣Ȼһ׷õܣʱ±߻ô˿ţķŰ
С⡣ƶȻһתȭ𣬶ȥͬʱһ֣嶼
磬գ۱Ҫ

Ʊڡ


016 һ
ƶۿԼһȭҪ飬ͻȻ֮䣬оԼһ㣬Χ˲ɺı顣
á
ƶɫһ䣬ȭҪı飬ȭͷնռȻһҲˡ
£Ȼƾ۵ʵΧĽˣܹΧȻصͿռ֣Ҳ
ôܣʤôôǿսѾ켶սķΧƶʧɫɴʱǿֲѾ˹ȥ
Ϊֲǣһ·ЩͿռ䶼˲ʧ
ջ塣
ƶ֪Լ﷭˴ۿҪϣϽʹԼս˲㱻һΪŨصĽ
䡭ݺݵĺƶϣõ㵹ɳȥϧŷɳԶ㱻صס
ȻǾ޴ĳ֮£Ϳռ˲Ҳɹؽƶ赲õʶĿٴ˸صĽӴ
һΣƶԱȸղŸٶȵɳȥ
߾ն
ɨǧ

δƶͣ£ǼɢŻϢսǰ
ò˵ƶĴ򶷾ǳķḻӦҲǳ죬ͨˣڼ˾ʱп϶ᾪţȷķӦ
ƶȴûһ㾪ţһʶ⼸ֲս˻ڰзţ´ʱڵϢڲϵķţҲ˫ƳȭЩսȥ
ȭ
ȭͷϻӳһȭӰһ͵Ļһ㡣
䡭
ȭӰսһȻƶս𶫷ȫʹҪͼ٣ʵ˸֡
˳֮ʣҲȶȫǵս١
һĺ֮£ľŸ̫ͺɨǧƶƾʵﵽۣҲûʱȥ赲ȫ߾ն
ۿߵֲĽãԽԽϢõƶЩ٣ȴûа취ֻؿϡ
䡭
һãƶϣϵĽױ㽫סˣڶãʱĽⰵһЩ
ãʱǽѾеľˣϵĲĵãʱЩҲס˲ãҲݺݵĺƶϡ
ֻ˶û뵽ĵãȻƶһѪۣûиɶ˺
ò˵ƶĽվķǳͨһ۰һҲؽˣںãȫƶʱҲֻϺһ˺ۣҲһѪ
ǿ壬ͼð˿̲ס
ǿԽսǿȷʵЩŵһٴλȭȥͬʱȫҲǳĬĴķΧȥ
ֻûжȫűĺ˫ӥһƶȴʱʹƶ
ȻҲ֪ƾڵʵһ˵ıѽƶã֮ĶԾҲһ˲ʤֻҪӰ쵽ƶ½һ˲䣬Ҳܸᡣ
ϣŰеĴ򶷣˱죬ɫѿ˼㣬ôû뵽ƶһ۸֣ȻԷӴ·硣
𾪵ǣʤɳĶʵ֮ǿһʣʣʵԺɨκһ۹Ĵӡ
˱ʵĿⲻɵٴɨһʣµʤӢǣһɨȻһʣ֮ȫǾ
ʵȻȻǿǿܽܣҲ΢΢һ
ȡ̣û뵽ǾȻϵôˣҷˡصͷϵЦȴشʹ˺ġ
϶Ҳ⣬˭˭Ӯ˵Ŷ
ô˵ƳԶһ㣿ЦҪҲУ
㲻ɡһߣͬʱҲʾȻȺһǣֻסƻĵġ
˾˲㵽˰С
һߣֵ۹ľӢǶһۣͻȻһͺ𣺡ɱ
ûκεĳɣǻΪӰʤһ˹ȥ
ղڿֶսƶʱʵˣǵʵ̫ǿˣһʣʣУǿֲĴڡ
Ҫ֪ɳĶǿһҲͻƵʣֻһʣԭǻͦ⣬ʣȫԺɨʤĶ飬ڿʤǲ֪ʲôɨ


017 
ǵʵȷʵֲֵܿľӢǸǣǴʱȴƶǣţʣµһʺǵ޿֡
ʱѾʤʣµĶ鱧˱ɱ֮ġ
һ־ӢһʤҲһŭһɿֲϢϱõЩĹ־ӢǸһĪѹ
ô¡־Ӣһٴοʤʱ˶ɸղŵ޿ֱ˼ȵĿ־塣
ôܣǶ֮лʣ
ܣôôʡ
ȻֻǾˣȫˡ
־Ӣˣˣ־ˣһʱ֮䣬ǰ嶼ͣһЩ˸Ǿô˵м˸ǰȾܡ
ôܣʤôôǿˣǿˣ鶼֮ǿЦҸղŻһϸ¡ֶ֮Уһɫ׾꿴Ÿ߿ƶòɿ졣
ֿһ۳ʤӢ¶ԳЦݡ
УҲվƶ̣־·磬ӴֱƸǣƣʤľӢȫʵǿԶԸģֻ·һ
ûйϵֵ۹Բû˲μѡǽΪЦ
뵽ˮӰһתſٶȣԶɱȥ
쵰ųǲֵľӢһĸߴĹ־ӢЩܵĹ־Ӣŭ
кӰƽǹֵĶӳһ֫ͷԼ֮
ֵǣ˵ĸҳ壬ҲҪһ汳ӰƽЩʤ쵰ǹжʵ
źӰƽеһؽ˹ȥ£ֵ۹ľӢмģ˫ۣһ˹ȥ
˵ľ͸ҳˡ
Ȼ־ӢɸľӢȴûǣתˣǵСʤʵ̫ǿǶףʱȥȫ
ˣҪӲƴȫɢˡд
Ӱƽûоʹȥź̫ϳϣǲҲҪʤۡ
ĺӰƽͷԸ޷˼
ʱʤȫʵʤһȻһʺһȺһʣƽ֪ԼĶ鲻Ƕ֣ȫû籣ʵʱȥ
Ͼȥμѡģһȫûǵ۹Ҳû˲μӣΪʱһ˹
оӢζˣʱ䣬ҲһЩεȻǲпѡУûеڶֽ
쵰ҹְʱڵҪ֪ˣҲúӰƽӳģһжˡ
ͷŭʲôӦΪ˲е˲ǡƹһЦеĹȴһûзɡ
ϻ쵰⣬쿴ҲʤЩСһŭһ
档
һ޴Ļһ̫һ㣬˲ڶƵͷһʯͷ
СҺΡһһŭ
顣
һӰıͷһһſֲ֮Ļ
䡱
ڰһȻ죬ΪĻꡣ
ʹ֮󣬱ҲûᣬӰһҪ·ȥĺǰ
ô˵ҲһǰȻЩ֣㻹ҪҪ
ԵˣĻôֻ࣬ҪܽЩСɱҺ˳ЦԼҲһˣûΪԼΪеɳܡ
޳֮ңһëһЦΪãźȥٴαƻص˰С

Ĳҽ·ּʤľӢʤ˵ĹΧ£ûб㱻ɱֻʣʵǿĶӳӰƽ
˽ңһ飬һҪʤһ䣬ΪܳȥֻʣһҰ׵վں档
ȥӰƽŤףȫѪһħһ㣬ȥ
档
һʯһ£˲㵽ǰǿֲѹõɫ䣬һ˲˳ס
ûжʵӺӼҵս档
û뵽ǣӰշȴʯ֮վһɵ˵ˡ
һŭǳ˻ȥһѽס


018 Сı
˵Ҵӳһ̣һ壬Ҫ໥ֱ˴ˣһŶӵΪأһ·Ҳġ
֮ǰԼõĳ׵͵鵤óͬ飬õ֤
ԣʱûʲôøУ޲˲ǣΪŶӵһԱȴô
ϾͨĶԱƼҵһһжƼңܸƼĨڣͬʱĴӡ
Ȼ컹ûкɺףʤ֪ɺ֮飬ҲǱϵġ
һȣô죬Ժ֧飬ɴˣԼַţƼҵţɺԺô죿
ԣ֪ȥǳΣգǳ˻ȥ
ܳʮףеʯѾͷǿֲѹõĸζڷ
ۿѾܳȥһŭ˫͵һŵ棬˾ڵһȥͬʱ˫͵һ˦ŵ˦˳ȥ
䡭
ʯȻڵأȽϺãպôʯʯǲĺ£ľ޴ݺݵĺĺϣеҶһ㣬׷ɳȥ

һ죬˵棬ǼӲĴضҳһ
ۡһѪɫҲ˲òҰס
׼ʱһһӰ䵽ǰһľ֣Դǰһؽ
û뵽ƼδļûãʾȻһϣʤҲˡӰƽϳ˳Եá
ְɣϻһίˣҪΪ˾˵һӰƽҲɱ
ģҾ˵СҪ¡ֶսƶĶȫ䵽Ӱƽϣѡ
ȥһͺ𣬾ҪȥȴһֹˣһѪϴΪ𡣡
Ȼ˺ܲʣǶ֪ʱǳȥҲȷʵȲŭ֮ʣ˶еŭйƶϡ
ӥա
ױ졣


ƶȻһۣҲŽײãʵǺǿ֮Խս޷Ǿǿȡ
ڱ˵һĹȷʵ鷳ʱƶԵȴһȺȺԶսĿֲꡣ
ҪǣЩ֮У˻ʹýʽսÿһε˽ҪͷʱԷͻȻôһ¡
ýռ֮ѵֵĹýֹ֮ܡ
ǿֲսսһ㣬ǵصƶͷӲԼʵȫֻﱻİ
ʱƶѪѱ˺۲Ҳܷŭܱûа취ʽս̫ˣƱڣûһ㲨ȫǽռ˷ʤ
ܶʱ򣬶ԷĹǿɶ㿪ģɿռͻȻ޿ɶ㣬Ȼʱһգ۵Ĺͻ˳
ǿ֮ʤҲôһ˲䡣
ʱѾǰʱֻӲ
ǣƵĺͻȻƽȻסˣʱһϲȻղŹֵľӢѾ߰ˣܽҲһջ
ϾղƵֻһʣǾһʺͼһľӢԻ㡣
һס˺Ӱƽһϲ
Ȼ⻹ϵģµĻǣҪ֪ɲһľӢӣƼҵ´
ѡϣƼȻ޻˵˶ûе·ϣľһʶûΨˡ
Ƽб뷨
ʤվһңʵԭڵ֪ԼҺ췴֮󣬾ƶƻʤʵ֮ʳһٽʤ
ɺʤҽصʵóǴһٲҶ
Ƽʤһʱǹ־Ҳʤʤǵ⡣
û뵽ʤľӢʾȻҹֶϣŶƹЦг˳
ʱΪ֮ջ죬һЦŭĻ̵ס
쵰ȥ
һŭһ޴Ӱͷſڱ³һ޴Ļźȥ
Ҳɵ֪Լȶǿ˶٣͵ֵסһУӰһԱ߶ȥõöһա
ȻնһĿͻȻסˣźӰƽ㼱Сı󡣡


019 Աһ
ƼҴ٣ʣеţû뵽ҵϰɣ
ʱĺӰƽѾؽٹͷҪȥͻȻɫһ䣬ҪԱ߶δĻսӦơ
ۡ
ţһʹʱסˣɫҲһӱɷס
ﱾѾ۾ˣɵ˰죬ûֻкڶԻص
֮£һ㿴Ӱƽ߾˫վ˫Űӵվ˫Ŵ̽˺Ӱƽĳ׵ﲻͣ߶ţһˣһˡ
Ȼң¶Źֵɫղſɼǵãȥ֮ȴûд߶սûж÷
ʯµĳͬϣʱѪϣӺ컹Ѫ
Ȼղ͵ԼԱߣɲǺӰƽΪˣ˭뵽ûӰƽɱأ
ʱдս˿ĿɿڴһģʲôǱ˭
ɱֻѪˣɱһʣֱ̫ˡ
֮ʣӰƽǸ߾ٵһǴƿһϽһ¿
䡣ؽصڵϣǸղ֮Ӧÿ죬¾ҪûںӰƽϣĽϡ
ãµԵʱ˰еս֮⣬Ҳֻʣˡ
ߵԣĵļ򣬵ˣѾˣԽγˡ
ˡŤͷһһ۱㿴һĨѪ

һҽУֱͦͦź˹ȥҺӦ⽫ס͸ܽӴˡ
һûй˼ɣǿֲսٴƽٶ˹ȥ
ԭȥƶģϾڿͬһϵƣϧڶƵĹ֮£ûа취ѡ
һ׷־Ӣ˶ˡ
Щһ˷ܻʤӢŵĶ˫һӱͨ죬ǶʤӢǵװ
ЩʤӢǶ㱨ĻʱȫھҵĲ
Щ׷ɱȥʤӢǣȻɱ˾־ӢаһʣټϸղսİˣֵĶʮӢѾȥʮˣȻʣˡ
ҪȫҪƺķˣһɳ֮бһ̣Ȼ
ãҪԱźı仯ɫ䣬һߺһ߶·ȱ㼱ˣˡ
ǶҪᣬҪᣬʤôᣬҺҲֵˡһ߷شЦţҲᶷƣȻǳ˹ȥ
ӣͣסһľٶƴʧɫҲ˲úˣź˹ȥ
Ǽǵ۹Ϊܳ˲ţǶǷùǱģԺǰ;һˣʤһ޴ʧ
ҳ֮ʱԺͶԼƼҶ˵ζҪס죬Բһ⡣
¾ȫˣҲܳһ⡣
ȻƲǶҵˣ֪ʲôΪѧԺļͷ֮һѧԺ붫ҵĹϵ֪һЩġ
ЩӣĶ˵һЩ飬Ҳ˺ܶأȻĵû˵ƻǲµ֮Զ˵ЩأȫΪ졣
Ҫˣô˽
ο컹ѧ
ŶƳһȭΪºƲûеֵûжǼź˹ȥ
ڶ˵ÿһʱ䶼൱ǵΪÿһʱ䣬ͻ῿һ֣ǾͻһΣա
ǶǵֵҪ˷ʱ䣬ȴ˷Ѳǵʱ䡣
ԣԸԼܺһҲҪֹ
䡭ȭӰݺݵĺڶƵϣƵһѪȴȻ߶սǿûˡ
֪ԼǹˣжȥܶƣȻûô
෴ҧ߶սźȭ֮ͣʱ嵽ǰһѽָץס
ߣߡŲԶ˼պ֣һѪ˳
֣Ŷס޷ǳƣúŭӰһתȭͷ磬ƺ˹


020 Ա
ÿһȭȥö³һѪɶƲܶصˣץס־ǯǲɡ
ͻȻľ䲻˸ˣϵҲǿᣬ첻εƶҲķˡ
Ҫ֪ɲһۣƶҪǿһǣҲֻжһǣҪʱԣƾƲס
ȴǼΧȻǵʵԶǵս̫ǿһ˻ս뿪ܣˣαﱻʡ
ȻιֵľӢȫûΪۣǺӼҵ̫ϳϣλͬһ㣬ֻҪȥ˵Ҳжصĳͷ
òԱ
ƶ֪ǣδľӢӼҵţͬʱĴδ˴󲿷Ҳǵ۹ڵϵӵܡ
ѡ˵ģҶû˵ֻܹʵˣá
ڻδˣڰ·Ͼȫˣǻ֮ˣʱȥ˲鷳Ź֡
ʱӼҲ鷳޴ͬʱп뼸ҲìܣԺӼҿǴġ
ֵ۹ʤϵĹ࣬ΪʲôʤҪԭǽì⣬ڲȽŽᡣ
һڲ⣬Ǻܿʤ磬Ͼʤһ۹ѧԺ֧ţ۹ѧԺԶս˶ʵû֪
ʤδңĴһʧҲʧСڼ۹ѧԺʵܱ֮߸ҲҶ
ɹֲͬȻҲе۹ѧԺ۹ѧԺûԶսǸ޴ıأĸʤĵ۹ѧԺȡ
˵ˣ۹ѧԺǻƹܣȻǻΪƹܵ۹ѧԺʵǿִƹֽǧꡣ
ҲΪ۹ѧԺǻƹܣڻ彻ʱ۹ѧԺʵ⣬ûһ
ȫʤ۹ѧԺּ彻棬۹ѧԺʵҲܱ
Ϊ˲Լ鷳ΨһԱʤӢ汳Ԥ֪ǼĳɳֵĩҲˡ
ԼһԱҷͻΪ۹һѣúֵûʲôֵˡ
ʦ
ϡ
ŴϱѪǿߣ켸˵˫һӱͨ졣
ѧ㣬ҽȥ£˲ڰӰգ۱嵽˶ǰ
ֵܡ
С쵰
ˡ
ľٶ˶ˣʱѾƽʱ࣬ѾܲסѺۡ
ȻϾҪԱΣʱȥǲô
ݡֱֻһӣǱץסֱ۱˼ҡ
ʱƱȫϮʮȭ˷ǳصˣǶ첻ˣȫԼһ־ס
콫һ˶ʧȥ֧·׹ȥ춯ܿ죬һѾͽסˡ
ˣˡ촽£³ģ֣ŶѪǻ䶯죬ѪжʱҲ
ʦ˵ˡϽԻý֮ó߲һöι˽˶Ƶ졣
ȥһƿȻ
ʱ弸Ѿʧȥ֪ټͣӦҲƽʱ˲٣Ȼһֱ۶ˣŷӦ
˫۵͵һתһȭӻ
䡱
ȭȭԣǾ޴ĳõҶҶһ㣬ź󷽱ɳȥ
Ʊڡ
Ʊڡ
Ʊڡ

׼Լֵܣһ쵹ɳȥս˲ʹó
Ҫ֪ԶսУֵܵõλ˵Ĵʱ˵ĴжһѧսҲһ
ֻǰ밢˲ʹƱڣɿǵսֵ̫̬ƽʱҲֿһʹþͿˡ
ţдãʲô֪ûеƣԺ󽫻Σء
죬һ۵Աǰһ˵Ʊںıֵܵס
¾ټˣҲֵܵסԱߣÿռڸ̣赲Ա
ĸսһһ޴Ĺ壬ɼҲֹ˺Ա
䡭
һʱΪһֲĿ籩ʶԱģһ޴ĿռѺ۾һſĴ죬ɢ񱩵ĿϢ


021 ƶľ
ֻһ˲䣬Ʊڱ㱻ţıҲΪı飬Щżʶ

ҽУֵȫڱɿֲ籩Уһ߷ɵʯһ㣬Ѫ׷ɳȥ
һ̣ȫҲһ˳ȥ
ۿǿ籩ҪԼ֮һת
䡣
һ컯Ϊһʮ׳ľ޴Ӵһڣñʶ籩
ıڻУǿЩ籩˵
䡭
籩һ컯Ϊ̫ˣܵĺҲǶʮ׵Ĵ壬Ҳڿ˺üǽɫۼ׶١
˵һжֵãΪı֮£ûܵ˺
񡭡ڵϣҳһ޴Ŀ˺ð죬Ӵ֮վ
һ±ΣûԼϵˣȿƣȻڻУϢȴȶһ
ղűȫΪ֪Ӵȫסǿһ㶼˵ơ
ڿܵЩ˵Ҳֵá
Լʱ¶εЦݡ
ʱѪͷ˺üȫ˺ѰʹڵսҴܣҪ췴һ㡣
ôˣ˷ɱղΪǣĵսԱѡ
쿴ʱһԼ񶼹ֵֹģڿһ㣬ǼǰϤľӢ챣ž룬иǷš
ʱѾ뵽ֻҪܾ¶ƣ㱩¶ԼıôѾǰˣ㱻֪䣬Ҳں
˵òᣬѾι˵ҩ˵ͷȥȫǣҲ֪ôˣ
ȥӢѧŶȫǷɳķ˹ȥ
ʱ죬ĵصղűǸʲôӴ
㲻£ؿ
ʲôµģ֪һˣδ÷У˵ˣֱʵΣֲǵһοһصĿֵܣǱķǲԶսõõĴУ
ҪѪ֮ô
ȷʵҪѪ֮ͷüͷ忴ղ˵㲻ǵһοѵ˭һҲԱ
¶һĨʧ漴ɻص֣ôûи㣬ǵĹϵӦûŶ԰
˵ֵܻǶȫüͷøˡ
ˣҾ͸ɣǳҲҪġϴνԶսֵֺܶõ˺һĴУǱ㲻һûôôҫۣһ䡣
ϧǶҪѪ֮ҪȻϣҲڸңǱ󣬲ʵ֮ܶ࣬ҲǱ̬ȫ
ǾȻõˣüͷ壬׶ȫΪʲôҪԱ֮¶ȫǶ֪ûıҪ
ѵлʲôزɣ찵š
Ƭ֮ҡҡͷˣȻǲ˵϶ԭҲûҪʣһǻ˵ġ
ףҲپᣬչ˶ƣ
ʮ֮⣬һѪεӺһ£һվ
һķ򣬷ֲû׷ƶһղҪǺͻȻԱǼȥȶƣǵΧ֮£ͳܲ˶ˡ
ղһһתˣץȥ
ʤһСӺ츳ʵֲսҲǿֲǴѡг֪ǿʲô̶ȡ
ԺǣҶǵʵӣԶսõöˡ
һĨһ˸߼սҲһʤӵеģҽϢųȥ֪ж鷳ʱҳ֣һɵӺ֮౨
漴ƶ뵽Щʤ۹ѧԺ¶ɥɫˣҲʤ鷳ԺǣãҾ뿪ǲѲɻ㲻𡣡


022 ̹
ò˵ƶȷʵһ֪˵ˣغ֪źһɵӱˣȻŭ죬ȴûɱʤ
ǽһˣܵʤܵǵȥˣֻȥʱֵʤ֮ʱ
ʱѾ첼󷨣ȻûΪۼĸ֣ԼĸеΣգûг֡
֪һֱڵ۹ѧԺܿҪʤȥˣ֪Լʵʤɱ죬ĵ˳ʤ
·ɱʤţԳʤĵߣʤ׷ɱֲû֮
Ҫ֪ΪԶսԭʤ۹ʵȻֻеʵӰȴһЩ
£뿪Ȼǵѡ
תʱȥ״̬ʱڶ˵
췢֣ʱ˵飬첢û߹ȥ
˶ıɻģҲо̾ǿģȻĻǿ־壬˻Ǹ߼ޱġ
û취˵̫ء
˵ĽҲܲ죬þûлػ
˽ʱſڣϣȻдҲҪ룬˵ʲô߼ޣҲʲôϴνԶսõĴУһս
ʱ̫أ𲻱ҪᣬֻѧԺļλ֪ҲֻΣ֮ʱŻʹá
ҶƸߴңҲѧԺ׼һƣΣ֮ʱɱ˸ֲ
ԶƵĽͣ˶ŲɣһΪѧԺܸ֣˹Ǵû˵Ҳ޷͡
ѧʵΪʲôִսǴ֪أǰҲûб
صĴսԶҲֻмϡܹ֮գǰûһǲʺϣûǸԵЦԣҶɹѧԺеԶսŸִУͿûǸԵ
ƵĻһƬ̣ۣЦʦû˰ɣ
ѾûˡƸмôҳԵĵҩɣ
Ȼ˵ԼѾû£췢֣ϢЩɫҲһƬҰףڿʱζûվ
ĵҩҲΪ˶׼ģˣʧȥļֵ˵ʦΪ˾ҪҩʲôЦЦû˵ԼƷµ߲ӡ
Ķƣ붷֪󣬾ÿǷԼ
ֵܣˣû˰ɣȫֵ˹ϵıȴЩȻ
ûˡЦЦվߵ˶Ƶߡ
ӳǵջ٣˵ٷսƷܷߵǰԵú˷ܡ
ʤĳˣÿʤ˴СܵĽν˹ڴҽ˵ľӢȫˣѡʱû˲μӣʱ϶ΪһЦ
˵˵Ƕջʲôʵ
ʮһй߼ļǳܷЦֵҩʮƿһʯ
˵ţܷ̾ϢһϧǺԱϵĴҲˣҪȻǵղؿ϶ࡣ
ͷ˼µͲƽˣһҵʵΪ׼õŵľԼãÿһһΪ׼˵ľͲҪѡˡ
ҩҲԼҪΪɣչҪҪͻƵģľʹƽְɣҾͲҪˡ
ȫ¶˷ܵЦݣַ䷽ʽڴ˵òͬʱŶҲõģǼǿ˵ȴԵúܲƽˡ
˶û˵ʲôȫվʾЩʱҪҲͲˡ
Ҹǿķ˵ţ򶫷ȫû°ɣ
õû˵Цҿ߿׶ѪΪˣһˣ˹
˵ţָָԱߣ˳ſȥһɵӡ
ôˣüͷû𣿡
ǵһɱ˸ˣ˵ȥʼ硣
Ҳãÿ˵һζξϰˡͷ˶뿪ˣſƣɻʦôΪʲôܱô


023 Ұ
ÿÿԵÿҲԼܣʦҲûҪʲôҡƺǺһЦûй죬͵ܺãߵ۷̫Σա
νǲɱֻеƶˣһδζȹΣգߵ۷壬ȻһЩ׽֮ǲẦģҲҪһʧһ֪˶ˣ˵֮о˵˳ȥ
˵ǷǳΣյġ
лʦ칧ص
ûʲôлģҵѧҵȻŵù㡣ƹһЦôҷ궫뿪ɡ
ѧƶˣٴΣա
סͷھȥкǡ
ϣȫôأؿŹ֮Ķȫȣȥǡ
أȻġϺǺһЦ˵ʲôҪˡ
˿ϣֿ˿֮󶫷ȫֵܣü΢΢һ壬ڴ֮ˡ
ֵܣȫСҪ˱һ죬Ŀͨ졣
ôˣ쿴Ŷȫֿ˿ֵܣЦǹ󣬲ǿǺߵİɣ
źأȫһ̼һ㣬ʵԶսõУǹģֻйϵźܶ飬Ǽйأ˵ʵ̫Ҫʱɳ
Щ㣬ҲӰ죬ԾǲҪ㣬ҴϻǸ㣬򲻵ѣҲҪȥд鷳ġ
ʲô鷳ü
ʱܸ㣬Ϊϵ̫ŪòҪǵļʤñ˸ˡȫɫҡͷ¹ϵ½ԴϲŲǸ㡣
ԣ¹ϵ̫ˣǶʹñġҲ
ˡͷЦ߰ɣʦѾԶˡ
㲻ˣȫ
һֱûйֹǣҸղž˵˷£ǾͲšЦ컹Ǻ˽ģ첢ôСģҲһֱ졣
ǰ˽ҡЦҾøղʦ˵Ļشǰɣÿ˶Լܣߵĵƣ׽ҲҪ˵ȻẦǣ˶д⣬˵ʲôʱ˵˳ȥ
һߵеƶ֪½棬ϼѡ
ϣ˫һһ˳ȥ
˾Ǵˡ˼һ£Ҳˡ
ߡȫȫϣ֮Ҫһ֮ңڿһжǶģ֮и
ҰǴʤһǧѳʤм仹ңҰȴκһ۹
ֱӹΪشʤܱ߽ʮҵλãΪ˷ˣｨһ
ĳУһȻŽʮ۹٣ǣһҷ飬ʮϱ֪
ͬʱΪĴڣǵҲģÿǰ˵˶Ǵˣʤȡ
ҲΪʲôֱ˹ԭ
һ·죬ڵ
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ʱֹ˾ҲһļҶǵһγǵУʤ۶Ѿĳ֣ɴʱǰҰǣҲŷ֣ʵǲǾ֮ܡ
ųʮ죬һʤ۶䷱ٳ̶ȸʤ۶ɱȵĴǣԺ֪ʲôصŴҡ
Ұ֮ԴȫΪŽ˵Ĵʹ⴫Ƭ̱ܴﵽˣԼߣ۸ȫУҲҪһʱ䡣Ц
ҼסҰﲻܷʲô£֣ܶĳһڣ˭涯֣ԭһɱ⡣
Ŷصı飬˶оԣȫ˵ͷ
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ǵ˺ܶ࣬ſųɳϰ׵ĳҺ滹в˼뵽֮Уû˭ǿЩ۸֣ҲԹԵظŶӡ
ݶ˵ҰǵĹغϣǳŲӣسǵ߷֣ҲϷǣҷᱻֱɱ
ڷɽȥǾ͸ˡ
ǣᱻҰǿǵƣֱӱĨɱӵҰҲ׷ɱ
ÿ궼вٲصҲҰ˵Ĺߡ


024 ۹ѧԺĿֲӰ
һֱ˽ʱڵ˳ſڣÿ˽һңسŵҲûΪѣǹȥˡ
ǿسǵȫȻʶСسǵ߹˶
ҲֻĴܹʸţʤĹңǸ֣һҿԳΪﲻСǲࡣ
ǼȻһ۹ԱȵġЦ߰ɣһطס£Ҿȥ͵顣
⴫ѵʲôʵ
ֻҪһȥ˵ģһ˴ģÿÿֻˣÿҪȥĽʮԴұȥǼǣҰǻᰲʱ䡣
⣬ǴﴫȥֱӵˣЩҲòˣһջš
ǶﲻϤֻܿʦˡ
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һƱһܺľƵꡣ
սţһֵЦ˹ŶƺƵصⲻǶƴôЩСһȥ
ϰ壬ˡƹЦǶ⣬Ȼʶ
ﻰǾƵ꣬µľǲĻʲôŲŵġӳϰЦҾͲµҪԺѾ׼ˣȻֺСԺ
лϰ塣ƹ˹֣һԱĴ£źȥ
ûϰһԾصεĶʵ
ЩЩһãϴԶսʱ󲿷ݶջ񡣡ƺǺһЦûĻȴǺǺ档
ԶսѧԺʤܣ⴫ڴϾȻֱ䣬Щˡ
ԶսǿһöϰҲ֪뵽ʲô΢΢ϢһѧһɻؿǺһЦǲǾǴϽԶսҺɻ󣿡
û˻ش𣬳ϰҲʤˣҲǵ۹ѧԺѧҲԶսõһЩջ񣬲ңҵĶӺӶǵ۹ѧԺѧ
ûе۹ѧԺûҳĳ˵Ľ졣
һе£ͲˣҸλӷ硣
СЦŵͷڷԱĴ£˽˺档
ϣǳϰ˵ʤˣôʵȻʤˣôأ
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ȷʵʤˣұݱһһ껹ǵ۹ѧԺѧϰԶսõһЦʵǲҪ֣˵ЩŵӣǺܹһӴһطġ
ҵ۹ѧԺ˼ǧ꣬ѧ֮࣬ÿ궼ǧѧҵֻкһݻʤȥġ
ЩˣһЩҲ˽һЩΣյˣһЩǴˣ氲˼ҡ
ϰԶս֮еõһϧȫǲȫԶŹҲЩɱȵġ
뿪ѧԺȻ洳ƾⱾʵһͻƵۣˣﰲ˼ңҾƵ꣬ÿʤҪȥ˶סԴҺϤ
ܶǰ˵ʵﵽۣڵʵ¸ˣҰȻ㲻ϵһҲûжٳģľƵûҲҡ
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Ϊˣϰ彫ĶӣӶ͵˵۹ѧԺϣܽŽԶսĻᣬҵµĹ
ϧ첻ԸĶӡǰʮ˽Զս棬ɾûҵµĹ
˵ţƶ̲סЦˡϰҲһˣ˵ĶÿٵӣҪЩȫǽԶսҹ
ꡭ˶̲סЦˣϰ廹һȤˡ
ϣ˵ǵ۹ѧԺֻʤôϰڶ뿪ʤô꣬㲻ʤ֮ˣĺѧԺգ̲סʵ
Զս̫󣬲һʤܹ˵ģȻ˵ǲʤ֮ˣҲһЩһ˼룬ǵ۹ͱˡ
ҡҡЩεص֪Щأֻһݣǻй涨ֻҪǵ۹ѧԺѧֻҪûԵ۹ѧԺʤ֮£ĺǿԼ۹ѧԺģȻҲǵѧ


025 
ҲΪһЩԶսˣǱһЩĵ۹ѧԺѧʦŽѧԺ
ȻЩȻڴԶս⣬ǽѧԺѧУȻǣҲǣǴ֮ǰԶսѧԺм
Ȼֻһ˸мѧԺ̵ǣһᣬʱһãͻ᲻ϵı󣬶ЩУܶ඼һЩĸ߲ӵܣһĴѧԺĸмôѧԺΣ֮ʱǱƾŸԵѧԺ
۹ѧԺӽ񼸰꣬ǰʮһδΣÿһζѧĹͬŬ֮¶ȹġ
ϼأǧǰΪԶս˶ֵסʧأѧԺʦս룬ۿѧԺҪɾһ֮ڣͻȻʤ
ЩȫǸ֣ʣ󲿷ݶۺڣֶнˣʥ
һֱ㽫˸Χ˵۶ͻȻ˶֣ҲҲһһ֮²֪ȫǵ۹ѧԺѧ
֪Լ˴ʾ˳ʤҲ۹ѧԺ⣬˸Ӧһսȫɱ
һսϵĸ־ǧ۶ǱΪƽأƽʮ򣬿νѪɺӣʬɽ
ǲҾ߶ŭˣʥֵĴ£ȫţһκ䶯½Ҳú֪ܶѧԺĿֲ̣ԺĸѧԺ⣬ҲĿŵ
˵¶ɫһѧԺͣѧ긴һ꣬ټƳû֪½Ŷѧڡ
ʱͬʱڵѧһ죬Ƕ֪ԷУѣͬһطˣжǵĵطһǵĵطΣʱǶԥվΪͷ­Ѫ
ߣǿƷ飬ǵȴǵĵס
˵ţƿĽӢصԣԺⴳ˭ǣǲҪЩѧԺΪ˭Ҳ֪ǵѧʲôĸ֡
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ǻˡһ켸ˣƱЦʵоô
ܷ
Ҷܹأǵ۶ΰá
ֺܶ࣬ҵһμ֮ĸ֡

˶˵ԼĶҰǵĸܣǵĻƵ˵ͷ˵ò֪Ϊʲôô
Ϊ˵ĵ̣ǵʵǿ󣬴ҶǣֱʹĴ󡣡
˵úãһʵΪ磬ʵһУֻҪŬţԺʤᳬ
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һ磬ڶƵĴ£ҰĹ㳡ǴڣҲҰΪĵط
۹ѧԺԶսĿռһֻռһֱŵģûʱֻҪ㹻Ͳرա
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һʧ֮󣬴ԼһӣǱǰһֲȵ˵ϡ
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ʱ˲ŷѾһ㳡֮ϣվһռŵǰţԼ˲ϴӿռ֮г
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026 
⴫ſأվ治Ƭ̱㽫˴͵ʮ֮⡣˿ԿռŲϳˣѡ
ʦǽռ֮ģȻ档ƺǺЦҪ֪ռ֮쳣أֻдﵽʥֲԵһ㡣
߰ɣȴȥ
˸ڶ󣬿Ŵϵˣ𾪲ѣȻﲢûҰǷĸֱҰǲ֪˶ٱ
½ϣϵĸ־ռһ룬ʤѵһ۸֣÷ǳĳȻ˵ץһǣһ·ٿʮ
˵ʵȻʤ۹ɱȡ΢΢̾Ϣ
ֻ˵ΧƵ˹涨ڲֻ˳ԱԽ룬ǻδͨѡΣûʸ롣
Χʵɫһӱˡ
һΧߣڲǿʲô̶ȡ
Ĵ˿ǼǿΪֶģôһʵûУ̸Ц
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ɡƶǺһŴҽݡ
һװιӵĴУֻ֮һˣһͷף΢ݣȴɢһǿѹߡ
һȥ΢յ˫۵Ļһ۶ƣֿһ۱ˣǿʱһĨһ
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ǶԶսеõƹصνԶսջһΣܶѧͻƣѰԶƷõеĶкüˡ˵䣬ƻ⿴һͶȫֵܡ
⼸СһܲƳϿǻɣ
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Ϊ仰еɻ֮ʣƿ򶫷ȫǶԴɵĶӰɣ
ǵġȫüʵػش
ʵڿĸͷ֣ȫͣ漴һķŭ
ռ˱Ҳռһô˵档
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һ£ȫеŭһȫˣֻʣһƣ˵˷ϣĻ֪ǰƳϿ϶ǼȽ˵ǰˡ
Ҫ֪˳ÿʮѡһЩľӢƽʱֻҪߣֻҪﵽ˵Ĺ涨ҲԼ˵ģֻЩûвμӾӢѡμ˴á
ΪһԶĹϼ壬ÿ˼ˣھǶԴҲ֪Ǽ嵽ж֮С
µһ£֤ʵһ£û˵Լʱǲͷġ


027 
ƳȫƣǰʤμӾӢѡμ˵ģЩһֱͱչٻʤһ˲֪
˵ƵݣŶȫǲͷУֻʵĹ£һͷô˵ǰ¿ͷڣҲߵͨ졣
Сͦԣһö鵤Ϸļ񡣡һ֣һƿ˶ȫ
лڡȫ´ϲһֵðҲԼڣҲˡ
Ȼһ̣ȫ͸˲ˣΪƳóһƿ㲻ܽϷ֮ղϷ³çˣö鵤Ĳ
лƳϡ˷ܵĽӹ
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ϧٲƽҲ˵ֻһƵվ
Ƴϸղų̽죬ڡһɻؿơ
ҵΪͽһ꣬ҪЩչصϼһ֪ΪͽǽҵĹͷ˲ɡҡҡź漴ָָϵƣÿһϣǵݣѡŻῪʼʱǾ͵ƾܽ
뿪Ƴϣƴ˻صһƵǰǺЦ⼸סϰҲҵ۹ѧԺѧ
ȻϰҲѧԺѧѲڣѧԺвˣ
˳ԾӣƺǺһЦгԺҲǺܶ࣬Ҳ߰˷֮һҵ۹ѧԺйϵ
ѧԺԶʤ۹ԵÿǾͷģֻҪǲ£û˸۸ǡ
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ȥɣҾͲȥˡҡҡͷ
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İɡȫŵȻҺܲԸһ𣬵ȻˣǾһԱ
Ҳȫͷ
ˣҲԼķ䡣


028 صʯͷ
鰡飬㵽ʲôأҵѪ櫵֮ѣǴӊʵǣѵ໥ô죬̾Ϣ
㻹֪֮ô飬ֻҵĹ֪ҵĹĹô֪أ
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ڵɲǰʱĲԴӵ˵۹ѧԺͼ˽⵽ܶϡ
е磬ֵĹҲ˽⵽
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˵ӡЩ˵ͨ߶Լķǿǰ֮ܽӡġ
벻ףˣһ˳Ȼɣŵһӡ򿪣ܽһиҡҡҡͷ̫£ڶӡôãҲûȫŪס
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һȻվһ̯ǰһīʯͷͺǿʯͷʲôԾƵġ
̯ĵذһƵߣֻ̯ǿʯͷΪ۵ĵط
ĿתĶǿʯͷҲʼۣҲ˵һɵӰ㣬߲ûиߣ˼
ð죬ͻȻʵǰʯͷô
ܸʯͷʲôôߺʵ
֪ҾʯͷѰʵػشĿоãûпߣһֱʯͷϣͺҪʯͷϿʲôһ㡣
֪һĨʧҡҡͷʯͷҲ֪ʲôܸоѰȻСֵϲǾʮмʯɣֻмʯӴ


029 ӥ۹
ͷҲ̫˰ɣһԼ֪ʲôʯͷȻҪʮмʯΪǺǲǣȫһ߹ߵĽгļۣ˶һǵŭ
Сһҵģûһ򡣡һЦᰢֽĿ⿴
ˡóʮмʯݸߣǱͺ߲һ㣬Ա߿ֵ˶вѣһЩ˸¶̰Ŀ⡣
ʯǺԴмʯܹõĸ֮٣ܹõģһȨ֮ˡ
ߡܵת˵ı飬ȫһߣһǿϢͬʱҲ˵ı飬ȫʵϢ
ʮʸ֣ȻɢĶһʵϢ㼯һ𣬾Բ߰ʵĸɢϢ
˸еǿѹȫɫһ䣬ʶ˰벽ϵ̰֮ɫҲ˾
˭뵽Ⱥ˿ֲʵ
Щ۹μѡľӢһЩ˾֮ϳ˶ȫǵݣϽת뿪
ǲһЩͨ߶ѣܶǺޱӶЩ۹ǰҲȻ˽ô꣬ĵ۹Ҳм֮С
һЩӢȴǵľǻ
Щͨߣǲ˿˼ɵġ
ЦǺǵĽӹʯͷ۹⣬ʯͷˡ
лһлҪȥõ̯ϵʯͷȻϻûʯͷͱ˸ץסˡ
㡭ʲôɫһ䣬һСһ㣬ɫ׵ؿץסֵˡ
һ׷׾üۣϴŰ꣬󣬻һȺͬһꡣ
ʯͷҪˡԾӸµ̬ȶ˵
һԱߵĶȫɫһ䣬ʯˣðⲻǰʲô
ȻһֿܣǾʯͷһö
һͦҪȥȫٶȸ죬һѽסˡ
֡򶫷ȫһɻӰԶսõ֮󣬶ȫҪһ죬֡
һȡȫҡҡͷ
ɡǡġһĨη壬ȻŬԼ˵ʱǱò
ϣŤͷ˶ȫһۣڶȫʾ£ȫ޶ԡ
꿴˶ȫһۣһĨͬʱһǿѹѹ֮ǿȻѾﵽʡ
ϵѹɢҲŶȫЦһȫϢͷ˳
ܵǵϢԱߵ˶ɫ䣬ȫǵɫҲ
һʣʣʮһʣʮݣҲֻЩ۹ܹõóˡ
ҶȫǲӶԷľٶиܵ˵⣬ע⵽ϵƣһֻչӥ
һΪǿĵ۹ı£ӥ۹
֡ʤľӢȫ򶫷ȫ˵ڲȫȫģڶԷǰƣô̵ˡ
ȵһȡȫʶǼһԸ̫ˣǰһֱܵ˵ı֪գǾͽ˻֪ôģԸ񣬽ѡΪǵ׸
ԣöȫ˵ҲͲ˵ӵˣɫȴǼΪơ
ŶȫûоٶΪǱԼ˵ʵˣϸǳ˵⣬ܹĶҡ
˵ţҪȥá
һ۵ϵʯͷܸоǾԲһĶѡźܴİ
ܵǿֲϢԼɱ⣬ľһ󷢲ȰĽĿͶ򶫷ȫˣɶȫȫûп
ܾɥųҷӣֻؿʯͷ
ҪʯͷԷߣŶӵ͸ŴһȥɡһĮеĴŷŭĶС
һٴο򶫷ȫֶȫһŭؿǶȫ˿ĿҲŭ𣬺޲ýһ㡣
ɫһףͷ֪δŭˣʯͷԷߣǺܿҪԼȥ
ʤ˲μѡһ˶꣬вμߣҪôսҪôͨǻȥģҲǴѡѡġ
ûˣѡûвμӾͻȥġ


030 ıһ
ôȥԻʤĳ裬Լ׵ѪҲ׷ˡ
뵽Ľȭͷսˣ˫Ҳ˺ɫ̧ͷһ۵ǰӣһɱϢϱ
ףϵı仯һף΢Уõ˼
ҲܵϢı仯͵ŤͷһۣһĨ֮ɫܵǹ֮ɫϢйƤɫһףٴεͷ
ЦŶƾҲҴ
˵䣬һѽʯͷץϣؿ򶫷ȫˡ
ӽʯͷõ֣˶̲סЦ
ߡȫɫ࣬ת俴һг˸ӵɫ
֣̫ȭͷ
ܾôˣһҪѵһ١ҲĮص
ȵѡʼôѵǶСȫûҪǼƽϣǽпܵ۹ѹơ
أ
ǽ࣬ٺãһҲᱻɱˡȫĮصûҪΪǸĵˡ
һ˶ȫ˼ҷУȫҲȫԥĳְæ
˶¶ʵܵ۹ѹƣҲϧ
Լ˾ûҪΪðա
׶ȫ˼˶һ񶼺ܸӣ֪Ǳ׵֮⡣
Ŷȫתȥӵ˸ЦøԱЩֵ˶ֱҡͷһЩ˿򶫷ȫǶ˱ӡ
ʯͷ߿ŶȫǵľٶҲֱüϳɻ
ͷͻȻܵӵĿ䵽Լϣ̧ͷ򶫷ȫˣÿ˿
һ̣һɫһʧȥѪɫ
˵ĿܵʧʹĿһ˽ӴʱҲûʧ
һʱ䣬ɱ˺Ӱƽ֮˵Ķ̬Աǰ˺ܶ࣬оԼʼ塣
ɴʱ֪׵Եˡ
ҲܾôȥҲܱЦɳ衭
ҲøʧΪУ˺þõ顭
жӳһֱϣԼмңҲʧ
ҪһˣһصˣҲҪų򡭡
һĵײϵҲϵĲ˫ȭĽգսܿƵӿ˫۱ͨ죬һ
ҵʯͷһŭһȭӺȥ
̫û뵽ڶѶߺ󣬻֣ͱ֮
䡭
źݺݵһȭһɾʹ㴫Ƕ֮ӵҲ֮˶ȥһĨѪɼһȭû֡
Ҷ
ۿʯͷУһħ񣬺˫ۣٴγȥ
ãӡӵڷӦǵеӣ˶䣬һѰγǳ˹ȥ
ȫȻת뿪ˣעһֱû뿪ϣûǣʱ˵Ҫ˶ȥ
ѱų֧֮⣬Ҳôȥ
ͻȻϮ꣬ȫһ㶣һûӦľٶ̫ˣȫԸ񲻷
ӵһҲӦһóתͳ˹ȥ
ˡ
Ҳɣ˶˲óԼ˹ȥ
ֻһ˲䣬˫ɱһ
ĿֲսõЩֵһ󾪻ʧ룬ʸ֮ĴսһͽӲοв

ܰ
ɱ
Ƭ̣ղΧ˿ֵˣһֻʣ¼߱ʬ壬ȫӵԶ
һҪ˵˵ĻҲֻʯͷ߻վ˴սԱߣϷһ㣬ýζ
ֵǣЩĽһ䵽ǰֻһ֣ɨҳһ㣬ɨ
δʼѡΣʤͺͷӥ˴ˣ˼˫ۣһЦصʤô£ôʵôǿһĻҲ̫ˣ̶ֳȣȻʵ
ɻ֮ʣʧȥǵٴӳ˹ȥ
Ҷһŭһȭӵź˹ȥ
ղȫΪűУʱѾȫӦһȭŭ죬ǴŰսȭͷԺȥ
䡭
ȭȭԣһ߷ɵʯӵɳȥһֱɳʮףźȻڵϣͬʱһѪҲﱼ˳
֮ĲǾ޴ģοӻʡ


031 ı
ȥһŭһԾ𣬳嵽ǰһȥ
ʱѾʧȥǣ֮ʵĲ࣬һԾ𣬾һӰ㣬ӵȭͷһȭ˹ȥ
ͬʱﻹںšҶ
ȭȭԣٴαɳȥһأɫһƬҰףſڵһ˺üʡ
Ҷ
ӣòԵվӳ˹ȥ
һٲôɵȻ׵˳ȥǻĵãɢȵϢõΧһӶ˺ܶࡣ
ߡ
Ӳδ˿η壬һߣսӿһ֣һս
û嵽ǰǵս㵽ǰӵսȥ
䡭
սըǿֲĳٴνɳȥ
ۿڵϺð춼ûӰһΪһӰǰһȭԴȥ
ۿȭͷԽԽǼƿõȫ飬ʱûж֮Ļᡣ
ȥɡ¶˲̵Цݡɾȭͷ֮ʱһȻȭͷ֮ǰ
ɫ͵һ䣬ӸϽ֣ȴȭͷϮ
͵ĺˣһ˳ʮף͵һǵݵһͷϮ
վӲûؿž֮ˣƤ΢ڣɫ㣬ϴһŨصɱ
ǱˣǶȫ
ղȻѡһΪ֣ȴûȻʧ֮űǺܸˡ
ָֻ֮ԭģûмʱԮˣȫҲûгְæ
Ϊľ֪ա
ʱۿΣˣȻͲԹۡ
ȫҲûٳ֣ôؿӣӣô໥ţȫûԱߵĴս
һӲͫһʣû뵽ʤǸСطҲܳʡ
ʤСطӥ۹Ҳ˶١ȫϵƣЦ÷ӥ۹ӣҲˡ
ɫһһɱӵϱȴûг֣Цӥ۹ȷʵˣܱĳЩ۹ζֻһ˳ɹͨѡ
㡭
ȫŭѡϣʤľӢΪܵӥ۹Ĵѹʮ˵ĶųĶˡ
뾡취һͨѡҪȻʤûһͨѡΣ¿ʤĳ衣
ʱ˵ȫеŭҲѹƲס
δ֣ٴλų׵ӳ˹ȥ
ҵĶ
ϮӣӻδԱһӥ۹㷢ľٶһŭ𣬻
ûһ˿Ŀһ굲ס·еĳ׵˹ȥ
ϡ
һ֮Ӧϣһ̣ĳ׵Ĳӱ˹ȥ
ס֡
Ҫ
붫ȫͬʱϵ˲ʹסˣȴûˣǰ
˾Ŀ⣬һĲһͷ׷ɶѪϸߣһ
ԭѪʱȴû˿ķӦ˫ۣӳ˹ȥ
ʱѪֱΣȫ죬Ťһħһ㶢ӡ
ͷ׷ɣ򶷵˫֣ͣĿɿڴؿߡ
ǸղŴʵҶֵģˣҲˣΪ˶֪ʱƴ֮ʱ
˵ĵ̣ˣǻܵġ
˭֪ȴû֣ͣһȥɱһˡ
ʤˣǶ֪ų˵˭ɱǶţ˵ɱˣȴû˻š
ۿҪ嵽ǰڷӦɫһӱŤ
ɱҵˣȥӺ޳֣֪ȭͷɢѹһ
ڣֲšȫһߣһ嵽ǰһӣױ㽫һ
֪жȫûֵĻᣬӥ۹ľӢŭɱ
ϧһд۵ǡȫҲߺȵ
ӥ۹ľӢҪʤȻӦ˫ʱɱһ𣬶Ҵʱˣ˫ҲۣĻ֡
ӥ۹˶࣬ʤһȻǵʸֱʤҪһЩʤľӢҪ뽫ȫסܡ
ۿҪһ


032 ϳ
ѩ졣
ѩ·˲佫һƬӥ۹ľӢ֡
СġܵǱѩ֮еɱӥ۹ľӢɫ䣬׷ʹԼս
ܼıѩȫ¡

ҽдˣһһƬѩС첲ȥһһӣӶ쿴
ʹսӥ۹Ҳ׷ʹսţʤľӢҲʾԼսȫк˳
䡭
ϣսԭƽ̹ĴִʱѱÿӿݣĽ۽ӡΧķݸǳŵĻǷս֮¡
Һ֮ǰ˫֣׷뿪ˣԳܵļ֮⣬û޹߱ۡ
˵ԽԽ࣬˫Ҳ׵Ĵ˻һ˫ۣԷɱһ㣬ʲôȫкȥ
˶ǣֻзӥ۹ӢһʤȻ֮ȫû·磬Ա߹ۿ˶Ծѡ
ĸ۹Ĵӣʮ˾Ȼӥ۹ʮ˴ƽ֣̫ˡ
ղǲ˵ôʤ۹
ʤ񲢲ǿôôǿĴӣΪ׵ʣʶ֮࣬һҲʮ֮࣬Ȳӥ۹ɱȷӥ۹ǿˡ
ǰҪʤôֵܵסӥ۹
ѡˡ

۷׷֮ʣͻȻ֮䣬һĲҽͻȻжһɲֲҽУ֮ʾĲҽС
Ťͷȥÿǰһӥ۹ľԴ׷ɶ
ˣɱһӥ۹ľӢǻڵѪĳ׵˶Ī
õмһۼ˷ܹɱֵԭΪӥ۹ЩõĶǳԲܱһϣӶɱ
С˭͸мѵˣ˫۷Ź⣬һЩ˸¶̰ɫм۸ҲҪۺ졣
򣬺ܶ۸Ҳδм
𾪲֮ʱǷĿٴοӡ
ҵĶ
һŭٴγ˹ȥ
쵰ŭ죬жȫǣţͷֲֶԸ
ͬʱҲƲѣԭ쿴뵽֮Уӥ۹ǰʤ۹ǰ֮ĶԹȥʤ˳һ³
Ͼʤʵӥ۹һ붼ǵĶҲҳ֡
Ҿʤ˳֣Ҳ£ɳô˻Էһ٣ǸӵĶˡ
˭뵽ʤεʵ֮ǿȫǣһȫطʵͿ
Ƶǣʤ֮лһȫ˺ķӣȻɱˣɱˣɱ
֪ˣǾǿʯӣϾǿʯҲ֪ʲô
ס֡һ羪װԶ
ɢǿѹӰգ۱˵ǰ
ɴʱ˶ɱۣû˭ᵽˡ
ߡ
Ϊ׵һߣһӣһǿľ쫷ϮڳʸǣҲöᣬҲͣ
ƳϡȫһΪ׵ߣϽ
ϡҲ˸Ͻ񣬲֮࣬Թؿһ۶ȫǡ
ĿһһɨŭЦܺãܺãδʼѡԼȴˡ
һ˽ֹ򶷵ĵطȫμѡʸ񡣡
һ˶ɫ䣬ȫǼæ߳ƵƳϣл˵ôԭ򣬶ǲƽ
ƽЦһȻҪƽҾ͸һᣬҪǸ˵Ȼǣʤ۹˵ʸȫᡣ
һݣȫɻؿһƣʲô˼Ҫ֪ƿʤˣһˣôҲӦչһǡ
ڲûչˣһ㡣
ƸûᶫȫĿ⣬ôĮؿȫΣֻ÷ŭָƳϣҪ£ǵѣӥ۹Щ˱Ƕ࣬ǿǵĶ
˵ɫһ䣬ȿϵģҪǵĶ
ȿϵģȫЦôǸǮôǿǽǮˡ
˵ţȫԱһЦݵλʯͷߵǰģô鷳ǰƳ˵˵
Ŀȫߣ˸߹˹ֵû뵽ǺӳϾȻãȫ˶֪ǺӳΪ鷳ǺӳϽղŵ˵˵


033 꼼ͻ
˶ɫһ䣬˭뵽ôһͷȻ˵ĳϣӵˣɫѿôû뵽һλϻܵڵ̯
ղȫ߿С
û£˵˵˵˵ǺӳϺǺһЦϷ£żԹŴְ̯
˵ţλСֵ·ҵ̯ǰһƷսʮмʯƷӥ۹ӱĶˡ
ΪȡԼƷλСֵܾͳ֣˫ˡ
лǺӳϡƶ߹˹֣ŤͷӣĿһӱ罣ǻʲô˵ģ
سϣҸղŲ֪ⶫѾˣùġ˰ҵһڵ˳ͻҶ֣Ǻ˵ҾͻὫǣҲⳡᡣ
ҵСӣЦ˵ͼĽҲƭң
ʵѾӥ۹˹أǿ˶ȫʸ񡣡
ԣɫһӱɷףɳľܹԵģֻýؿǹķ
Ǿôƿˡ
ûʡ˻δ˵꣬һĮ㴫˹ҿ¾˰ɣ
£һɫĮɢǿϢѳ˵ǰ
ǰӣϸһĨЦҰҲδ̫ܵҲֱѡĳϣ黹ֲ֡
㡭Ұɫһصεѡȷʵܣ⴦δ̫ƽ
ʤŹȻɱˣһɱ˷ӥ۹ӢҲΥ˹涨Ϊβ
ɱҲǷӥ۹ȣҷӥ۹ʤһܵѹȻøΪһЩкβɣѲҪվɷӥ۹ɱҲʾܹ鵽ףӥ۹ǿԵ˶ȣ¾Ͳᷢ
پͳɱ˵ĽڣҰЦƣΪεѡδͿһ죬һʵˣ󹫶ϡ
ðҵҪ˵״˭Ц
ơҰһתȥӥ۹ľӢҲ
ӸնһӰǰصҵĶ
㡭ŭɶ˭뵽ڣΪһʯͷִţ˶˵ĳҲ˼λִš
Ӳ֪ǣΪȫ˵ߣҪŶƻȥȥҲҪѡϣŻ䣬˵ִš
ԥ֮ʣһĿͻȻ䵽ϣõһҲҳɣǿʯӶҰˡ
Ҳȥɣ²صģǺӳ֤ǲҰôƶŶȫ˵˵ͷҲתˡ
СһܲҪҲ뵽ζ֮Уһ㵱ӡǺӳߵȫǰһ䣬ӰһҲ뿪ˡ
˶ˣֻʣʤľӢǣ˿صǽ壬ǿɱķӥ۹Ӣʱ˶B
ŸʲôϽ˿ڰһ£ǻҪȥ¸ߴϺͶӳȫһͺȣһսȻʤûг˵˺ܶ࣬˶ȫ֮⣬ֵҲȫˡ
ȫóһöҩߵǰݸ°ɣ˺ܿܺ
Ѿûˡûнӵҩ潫еʯӵݵȫǰ
֪ƾɱûεʸһμѡȫͷ
ޱĽʯͷӹȫĵҩ㲻˵
ľٶȫüͷ΢壬ʱȻ֮ǰųȫȴһɱϢ˾һһ㡣
ͻȻı仯õöȫЩӦ
ͻȻ˷ϰ˴ı仯ҲһʱͻõġȫаԵ
Ƶ֮УͷǰͻȻãһǰȥһ̣ǽںһһ
˫͵¶ŵĺȻðžϲص깥ʵʻԺֶһ֣һȷʵ󣬾۱УʶҲܵشʵ
ĵʶ̫֮ǿһ֮ҵʶֻ֮ʣɣʵӰ죬󷨶޷ٿƣ򲻵ѣһԲȫ
ս󷨣ʹ֮ʱҪʶ֮ƣһʶ֮꣬ս׼ȷʶܵӰ졣
ʱڸղһ֮ɫѾ÷ףʶ֮߰˳ɣʱ˶սʵʹʵҲ෢ӳʵʵ
ڶԵ֮ʱǷǳΣյġ


034 ˸
黹дǰ飬־ϲԽо飬ͷԽĿֲֶ˵㣬깥
ȫ֮Ĺգţʶһȼȫʹ깥ɱһȼߡ
ڴһ찡¶ڴı顣
ţ⴫һŲϽʶһ̣㴫ˣղﴫʳʲôˡ
Ŵ򿪣һԱߣÿһʵﵽ
ЩǸص˼ղʱûпƺãǽһһ޲һ¡
˵ţ콫Ʒʯһøˡ
ǸԱģƷʯǸߵģԱͨˣҶʣߣǲҪңʯҪ
лˡһϲһ񣬹ȥ
׼żʱСԺִһŲ¶һĨ΢ЦôȻͻ
δ˵꣬ȻֹϵЦҲ֮ɢȡ֮Įɱ
ô£ôôˣɨһۣĿͶ򶫷ȫ
ͷӥ۹˴һܡȫ˵һ飬ǵ˱ǶһʱΪѹǣʵ¶һЩ
ֻ¶ʵʵǼֻ¶ʵʵһȫ¶˳
û£ֻҪûԿͺãҪֶԸǣǽ±ǡЦһ˵ȥϢɡ
˵䣬Ŀ䵽ϣܵǹǿ⣬üͷ̲ס£Ҳûж˵ʲô
һƵһԺ֮УҰӽ齲֮ʤŵʵʱüͷ嵽һиɢΣյĹâ
һԲҰɫףг˿־塣
Ұӵһλ汲ǰˣƻ磬˼ʵȨ֮һΪĻĺ
Լ˴һ鷳ĺҰŭ𶼷ϣҰݺʵ㽫ɱˣӥ۹Ҳ˵ʲô
ڣҴˣҪҳ嶯Ҳ˴鷳ٸһλᡣʵڳܲסеѹĶҰ
ˣϣҰȻûȻһЦûȻαץѱǻһЩ鷳Ҳ㲻ʲô
ʤʵ¶ǲǴ¡
ڣʲô˼Ӳʵ
һӣҰЦʤεʵǳ֮ǿ󣬱ǻǿΪʲôһֱʵ޷Ǿѡϸֲ
ǵʵ¶Ǳǰ׼ǵıҲʧˣûн飬ڲ֪ʵѡ˵ᷢʲô£
ͻȻǱضԴ
Ҿ֪ǽʮˣһû˻ǶӳʶĸԸλʵжǿҰһЦΪ֣ʤĶһ˴
ѵ˻ʡ뵽ʱʤѡԷͻȻʵͻȻǿµһĻʱõʧɫ
ʲ̫ܣԲǸսʡҰ˫΢УʣѾǵ⼸㽫ǵʵȥйҵĴӶע⵽ǣҪǳΪʸ֮ġ
ǡӹشӦ漴ɻڣʤʵǿΪʲôͻȻôǿ̫ˣ
ԶսڣûʲôġҰ˰֣Ƕ˰ɣڵû˽ǵ
ȫǻãҲõϢҴҸϻ˶û󰭣һ
мѡҪʼˣЩҲø˵˵ˡϿһ˵Ҫǵ˵ĸ֡
˽Ϊ˵ֵǻԴģϵźܶ棬ӽΪ˸Ե棬ͷֳ˺üϵ
ʤϵΪǿһɣǰû˸ƣŸ۹֮еԽǿʤϵҲܵơ
꣬ŷӥȼ۹ǿʤҲѹƵúΪջǣѡΪӥȼ۹ѹʤõǵ۹ľӢʧء
ÿһ춼ֻһ˽ˣܽˣ֮ͬ£ǽ˽֮ء
ѵЩǰûһʾüͷ


035 
ҡҡͷ飬ȻʤǰҲܷŭҲûа취ѡĹֻʹ̡
ıͨɱǵľӢǵ˲ܽˣûЩӢֻ֮Ҫһ֮꣬еʤǰ޵ʱʤ֮
ʱ֮Ҳ޻ȨΪǵ۹пܲһ۹ڣǵѧԺҲпܱǿߡ
ղȥݷһЩǰǵ˵ˣǶǵܴϣʮ˳ɹˣȻȫǾ͸ˡ
˵ţóƿݸЩǰøǵĵҩе鵤ĵҩǻûдﵽʣЩҩѡʼ֮ǰȫΪʲ⡣
šͷƿӹ漴ַõҩʵ۷壬ٷµ鵤һͻơ
ǡһ˷ܵĽӹҩ
ӥ۹Ľ֣ǵʵ¶˲٣ӥ۹϶ֶԸǣСһ㡣ƶǧҪ⡣
ǻСĵġͷʦ˵˵ѡɣ
ͷƵѡܼ򵥣ʱǻᱻ͵һռУԶսһĹɱǸռǳѺۿռ䡣
ɱ޵ĻǰˣԽˣ˵ģûдﵽĶ̭
ô򵥣һӢѧص˵ѡܲпᣬҿҲûʲôпİ
Ȼ򵥣ֻǽѺۿռ䣬֪жôĿֲɫصҪҸ˵Ѻۿռ䡣
ǲͨĿռ䣬Ǹռ½һ½ĿռѺۣסڶռһЩɱĹǳΪħ塣
ǳ಻һһײޱȣȫ൱ǵʳһǣҪôɱҪôǵʳ
ʲôҪˣ˶ʧɫ
ƵͷħѾһռ˳һռѺۣ㽫Ǵ½𡣡
һλĴ£ŽǸ˳ȥ
Ȼȱ뽫⴦ռѺ۷ӡǱħֹƻȫӡǰΪ˷ֹЩħ嵽½ϣռѺۺ͸һƬռ䶼ӡһĿռ䡣
˻˶̲סܽռ䶼˺ռѺۣһָǵöôôĿֲ
ֲĻд½ϵǰȻΪ˷ֹЩħ½һƬռ䶼ӡˣֱֲ̫ˡ
ϣѵǽƬռ䣬Ϊ˻ɱЩħüͷ㲻˵кܶڿռѺΧôɱЩħ
ռѺΧȷʵŲٵĸ֣ռΧźܴħ֣˶ҿħﲻͣðЩħħӳǿߵİΧ
ǿҲҪģʲôħﶼǳ֣һЩܵͼħǲмֵģЩ͵ÿǡ
˼£Ҳö˵ǿ߶ǿߵϣǲмСֵ߳ġ֪Ĺﶼжǿ
ǷģϵĹӿռѺ۳ħܴ󣬺׾ЩǿߣȫᱻɱҪԸЩԼµħ
һһɶƽĻȴ˵
ħ಻ͬ࿿ʵҩֻܸ֮ħﲻͬȫɶɳ˸
ζţЩԭֻʵħܿͨͬ߶ǿÿѡһѧһͷڵħ
һ˶ɫף˵ڣھһͷ۵ħҲæҡ
Ȼƺ˻ûŹһ㣬ʵЩħﲢµģȻײУǲıµķߡ
ȫƣһɻ
ÿһֻħͬһ㣬ڻһħˣɱ˶ħı׼ҲЩħˣΪ˳Ϊ˵ĳԱǲϧ֣߳ߣԼĶѳ֣ҲܣֻῴħˣԴ
˵ţɫ˲ȣ˶һһ㣬Ŀɨˣ˺һҵø˵ҲΪ˳ɹʲô취˭ҪǸԼĶѳ֣Ϊ˵ĳԱʤǰҲԥؽĨɱ
ǡӦ


036 
ˣǶȥɣúʵҡƿԹŴһ¥˰һԶžϵݽÿǳ棬ǶͻƸźܴİ
Ҫһ㣬ͻƣҲ󣬲ÿһ䷿ֻܹһÿҪʮ¼ʯ
˵ţƽһøȻ֪ǶҸУΪѧԺľӢӵܣѧԺҲһʾ
лʦӹŸղŶõĵҩԼ֮ǰƳ͸ö鵤һݸȫоǼһȥ¥˸
ӳ֮ʵǿģʱӦµ鵤ǿʵǵʵ󡣡ȫҪ졣
ȫҡҡͷǰʱ̫죬Ҫһ£ҾһǣʵҲ˶١
෴Ҵﵽ󷨴ʦ֮һֱæϸû׼ʲôʦû󷨴ʦһ衣
ҩһʵ׼һЩʱиã෴ǽ˻һǣʱһЩѹǵĶִһ
ȫЩɣҲͷͰ˵İɣǲõġ
СȫҲٳɣ˵ͷˣֳʲô£һȥˡ
ŶȫţĿʣµһһɨЦҩֻô࣬пٷӥ۹˵ִѹұ뿼ǵʵ̶ȵ
ӳýǶףһ·ϣ㶼ж֤ˡһϴһ˿߰վǰ۹ѧԺĵһ졣
ӳģǻúŬϣܾ콫ʵȥһ׳˶վǳӥ衣
˴ͷҲ׷վʾ⣬ΪҶףȫʣһӵʵԱһЩһҪǿܶࡣ
л⡣οصͷȻʼŶӻЩгһЩ˲̫ͳӥ衣
Ȼǲûףǵıٶ컹Ǹоõ
ЩӹȥǼνջҩָˣԼʹãҶҲԽԽŷ
ǵõҩļˣǳΪˡ
˿䣬뿪ˣȴסˡ
Իý֮óһƿݸмöƷҩǻ֮壬ҽһѾܾãѴﵽһ۷壬ҪĽһ㵹ǿԽƿҩһԡ
⡭һ£Ʒҩ˵ǺģʤҲ쳣Ȼһúüö
뵽ЩĴ󷽣鵤ȸ߼ҩָˣҲٳɣӹƿлл
лңʵˣҲкôġһЦ
ŵҩȥչˣ콫һ֣Źϣóһʯʼ
תȥʤ˶˭ûгţڶȫǵĶŹһ£˫ǰһ֮󣬽ڳˡ
Ϊȫʯͷڷӥ۹һ˫սٵĴɷӥ۹Ǯ޸ǱսˣҲɷӥ۹
Ĵûˣɱ˷ӥ۹Ҳûᣬ൱ڰˡ
ִһ㶼⣬ӥ۹ʤԣ˵ʵԲҪ֮ǰ˵ȫǵĲʸǸͲʵ
˵ҲΪʲôƳϸϵʱûаﶫȫǣȫһͬʡ
ʵڳͻʼʱƱ֪ˣҶҲ˽⣬֮ûϹȥΪ֪ȫ˵ʵԿִ󣬺ʰӥ۹
Ϊ֪ĶԴԲŻһͬʣ÷ӥ۹˸ڻ˵ıҲֻ̽
ƻһϢӴ֮󣬷ӥ۹ľӢ뼸ƽʱߵýĵ۹С
Ȼ˽˵Ŀܡ
֮⣬ڶȫ˽¥֮Ҳżӥ۹ľӢ¥ûг
ʤͷӥ۹۹ĴӢҲв˽¥Ƕеõǰ͵ĵҩ
ΪʲôҶ¥Ϊ㣬񶫷ȫǣǰɽɽŨ̶ȫ¥
¥ǼǴĺô
֮Իʮ¼ʯҲҪȥԭܹ赲ͻʱһ˶٣Լ֮⣬û֪
ʱѡУǽиơ


037 ʸ֮ģһ
ӳһ⴫űһе
ڿ챻ͻȻţ΢΢һеʱʧܡ
üͷһ壬һ֣Ŵ򿪣һɫӳ©֮ˣǲǵõ鵤ɫ֮˵˳ǵʵȫ˵˳
˵ӳʣǶﻹʣе۹ĴŶףŽȫѹǡ
ɫһ˫ȭգǹؽڶΪɰɫ
ֵ©֮һֱΪĵģΪǺʤʵһ˵ȥ롣
һ·ϣǶѰˣҰʱ컹ڳſڣΪľǡ
˭뵽ѡҪʼŹ
ӳô죿꽹˶ǵĵˣͺҪһ㣬ȫ֯Ըǡ
ˣʲô취˼£Цˮڣȫ֯ô
ʦ֮ǰ˵ôûнѡĿռ䣬ǲǳ֣ѡγĿռ䣬ĳһֻҪûмһǵʵ۹֯һͬҲ塣
Цѣŷӥȼǿ۹ȶˣȥ˵ٶ඼޼£Щ۹Ĵڷӥȼҵʵ϶ҲѡʤΪС
Ѻۿռ֮һпɾͲ˵ˣ˶ûй˼ɣʱֻҪչֳԼǿź֮ܶ˶ѡվӡ
㲻ʤҲᱣġ
ȥɣܹʱͻƣǵʵҲٶ೤һ֡
δ˵꣬һǿҵȻɫһϲӰһš
ԺУһԺϿգ©һ㣬Χչ·һ֮С
Ƿס
Ƭ̣ڵʤӢȫۼԺУϿУ˶һļ
˷֮ܲʱҲ˴ϵˣ˶߳䣬ڵľƵꡣ
ͻƵˣ˭ôھƵ֮ͻƣ
Ӧĸ۹μѡľӢɣ⼸۹ľӢˣȫסھƵ֮С
ӢǾӢҲͻơ
˻Ľʼɣ̾۷׷ס
ӾƵ֮߳ķӥ۹ľӢɫȴ쳣һĻ⼸۹ľӢ
ϴʤ˷ͻǱϸĵʤ
ʤӢǾס֮أҲһȻǴʱûеԷƵ֮ȥڵλãǱܸܵʤ۹Ӣסĵط
Źֵ۹ʣ˵ĵ˶֪ʤĿֲʵӥ۹ҲǴнңҪǵȫǵı¶ʵΪʸ֮ģһͻȫȫ֮£ӥ۹Ҫ˴롣
ǵʵѾôֲˣͻƣʱкÿֲʵ
ѵЩǹﲻɣǷӥ۹оӢ롣
ͻ֮ʤӢϢɢȥһӶԱߵķӥ۹ӢʲôöΣһҪе۹Ŷ֪
ǡתȥ
ег˴ԼһӣɢϻĶƿһеķ䣬ЦǲΪʸ֮Ķˡ
ԭ洫ʤʵǿڹϣͻƣⲻôҸΪֻô
ɾͳɰɡʼЦһöȫȫصͻأЩ˿ǵжǿʵ
鵽һȷʵûҪˡ̾һڹֵ۹©֮˸ǵ״˵ڰ·Ϸǡ
ôЦû涨׼·۹Ŷӷͻ˵ǣҲֻܹʵá
ԽԽǿˡƿЦⱾһǿΪ磬ǿƵʱҪǿơ
һ£ֵôˣʵڲУҾͰȥ
ϴӥ۹ͻͺһƵġü춫ȫ˵ѾͻƵʣһֱ䣬μѡӦû⡣
תȥѡʼˡ
һ磬۹ľӢǱߴڲһտĴ㳡
нٵ۹ĵ۹Ҳɳʮǿӥ۹ɳʮǧӢۼһɽ˺һߡ
Щ۹ľӢʵȴܴ󣬾˵ӥ۹Ķӳӣȥʣڿʱ֣ѾͻƵʣֻʤһʵҲǾ
һЩʮ˵Ĵţӳ֮ȣ˺üΡ


038 ʸ֮ģ
ʤĵ˿Ƕ׷׾ֵĶһԣʵôһѣͬʱҲע⵽۹ľӢǿǵĿⶼ˵⡣
Ƿӥ۹ӵˣһʤĶ飬һ˫۶ˣҪﲻ׼֣ǿֲˡ
Ҫ֪ӥ۹ҲǰĴ۹ǰֻ۸ˣʱһΣ˴Ŀ
δѡ㱻ɱˡ
һ⼸Ǿͳ˸۹ӵЦһֱֵ۹˵ĵʤĿֲʵ֮ż
ĿԷӥ۹ӢɨͫȻһǿɱӰǰǹֵ©֮㡣
ܵĿ⣬һеȵҲ̲סɱڵĳ˹ȥָǸҵţһҪΪֵܱ𡣡
ƾ㣿һϳ˳
Ҫô֮ǰͲβˡмص
һʤ˶Цˣõ߷߽ӣһŭ
Ҹƴˡ
ӰնһӰס˶ʸô
һͣ˶ǿĿȴŭ
죬û뵽һʱ䲻ѳɳ˿ֲĳ̶ȡֹ˿죬ĿǸӡ
ûмǴӦýˮɣЦЦҲܹܲ㣬ĺ⣬Ѻۿռ֮бҡ
ȷʵĶ֣Ҳ⣬ҶԸ㣬ȷкܹܶԸ㡣ˮ˵
ƾǼ쿴ӥ۹ˣЦͿǣǿʧˣ֮ǰһûг֣ǾѰҵֵ£ϣѱ
˵ʲôɫһ˾˹һĻ۹ˡ
˵ʵѣʲôԣָЦǰֵܵĶɣʮ˶սʤʮˣսˣҷȴһѵⲻʵ
쵰Ӵŭһѽ˳ϴεİֿܾĳ裬쵱ô˵ǲڴĶô
䣿쿴һӵĽЦмֵܲҪͿ
ŭŽҪȥ˼ʱסӱ嶯ڼ㣬һﶯ䣬ᱻʸ񣬶ҵ۹ҲҪܵͷ
ʱû˸Ұ㣬Ϊȳ֣㽫ɱˣҲܵͷ
һһˮͷ£õһкգĵ
ǵѺۿռһϸ¡
ҵšһЦת˱ˡ
һƳϱһȺ˹ԭʤӢӥӢ֮ͻһӱ㾲
ϵĿɨһۣƳϵʮһȵѡֿʼˣ䣬Ѻۿռɱħǵħ֣һǧöһħΪһ֣һöħΪһ֣ʮöħΪһ֣һöļħΪһ֡
һö弶ħʮ֣һöħΪٷ֣߼ħһ֣˼֣ħ˵ĵȼԽߣõĻԽߣʱΪ꣬ۻǰΪصһ̭
ԣ˶һѹֶ˵ѡǳĲпᣬһ˳ɹѵãڿǧˣֻͨʮ֮һȷʵпġ
֪Ϊ˽һʲôֶΡ
ʱҲףڸӢ֪ʤʵ֮ΪʲôҪֶԸǡ
ǵʵҪǰѣһٸһӱҪ˶ʮ˵ľ͸ˣһЩԭϣˣһҲûϣˡ
ǲǻħ˵ķֻܼ֣ǰʮõؽ˵ţƶһߵʼɡ
ǡߴӦһߵһֱʮ׵ãǰóʯãĿ֮С
еóʯ˫΢УǿȫǸ߼ʯһ˶ʮ飬ͣ¡
ţֻӡһ̣ããһһǿҵĿռ䲨
ԭ󷨴ʦߵַʱˣΪʲôȥãʯ
˴ͨѺۿռĴԵ۹Ϊλһȥָָã󣬶˳
Сӣ㡣ӥ۹ӶЦһȴ˴
Сĵ㣬ǧһȥͳЩħʳЦ


039 ħ
㻹ǶൣһԼɡЦһǵȫϴʦãһǱʧ
ӥ۹һߣӥ۹ʵ൱Ĵ۹Ҳ׷˲ʧ˵֮С
ڴͳȥ˲䣬ǵĶӳȫؿһ죬Ŀгһɵ⡣
ǵĿ⣬ֱˡ
Ƭ̼䣬нʮ۹ľӢ˹ȥۿǿˣҲٵȣҲ߰ɡ
ԭһ۹ľӢҲҪ߳ȥһǶˣϽͣ½Ų·
վڴϣ쿴һ󷨴ʦʱɫЩףϢȸղ˲٣ͷϸð亹
Ȼ⴫󲢲ף˶ʮˣҲЩܲˡ
ݡ
ãһȫһᣬһ̣ǰɫһ䣬ٴβ˵档
΢ЩҰܳ㣬д½֮лһɿ񱩵΢һڣڵϢͿʼڣҲͻȻðɱ˵ĳ嶯
֮⣬½ϲûһľСݡ
ʱǾڸС֮ϡ
쿪ڣȫȿ˿ڣȻһ²⣬һδ͵˶һ
ҲǾԲ⣬ʮǰǴξͳ⣬˵һʮ˾Ӣڴͳʱֻʮˣ˱˱ĵط
֮ǰû뵽ʵҲûֱսʱǲŷˣô˵ģû֪
һֱ˵ˣ֪ԭڴ͵ĹУǾͷɢˡ
ɲͽеӦ֮ˣ㲻ҷɢˣҲƶƻ
Ƭ̣ȫӳһ˲١
һͷ򰢷̽Χ
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Ƭ֮󣬰عˡӳΧ֮ûзκ
ûħôͷȥǱɽ¿
ɽȥԭɽ²Զǰʱ߼ľȻûнӽ˾ͺվԭء
ӳԾ
֪Цû뵽ôãһһ֮С
ԣɫһ䣬ܷǼӳô졣
ûʲô˵ġһ΢Цûнŵص߾ǡ
˿󷨴ʦһôѵЦʮ㡣
Ļھ֮࣬Ҳһ֮ǰ֪ʦ֪ﵽʲô̶ˡ
˵뷨УһмʦͲˡ
Ȼмʤδˣ󷨶ԶģȻǲƵģҲһмܹƳġ
󷨴ʦֲͬˣֻҪһЩ̬󷨣󷨴ʦҪ뽫ƳӦòʲô¡
Ϊ֪ʵҲģôһֱһʱֱЩ˿ʼܴܲ˴߳ʱǰľɫһ䡣
һɽȣȴûκεֲеֻйͺͺĹʯȻЩʯ֮ϣվħ
еͷ˫ǣ֫צеı˫һͷЩ٣˫צ񼸰һ㡣
ȫȫڣȫһѪ
ЩħƺϢǳУǸһ֣ħﶼͷŤɢѪãĿ⿴ǡ
ʳ
һͷ׸ߣͷ˫ǣħͻȻһĻǱ˹
ľٶƺ̼ħһҲǵص˹
Щųħǵٶȷǳ֮죬ֱһֻֻǿֲٶȣõԭЩ谵ɫ˰һ㣬һӱ㰵
ħ˶ɫһףŵò֪룬ǰЩħ˵Ҳн˿ֲ˵ʵǿҲǶ֡
ˣ˻ػ֮СҺ켰ʱӦ˼ʱ˻ȥˡ
Щħͺ֪һ㣬嵽Ӱϣֻͣ淢ŭ
ùһôȺħɫЩףȺħʵһ
Ҳһη壬ȫ죬ٲȻѾǵ


040 ս
ŵģЩħ࣬Ҳδؾǡ΢ЦɣһҲûΪħﵣġ
ѵǻ·ԳȥһӢʵһɫ¶ϲ֮ɫ
ΪҪ·Ǿ·Ц
ʲô̲סԾˣħɲ٣ǧ󲿷ݶļϵħܹ˵Ҳв٣ƾǣܹԸˡ
ħΪһֵҲԼԣҲĻߵķȫͬ
ﵽ֮Ǳܹ˵ԡ
ǿ൱ʵĸ֣ټ弶ħ۸Ҳߣ͸˵ˡ
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װûз˵쳣һҪ߳ƾŶȫ϶ܽ½
ӳҲȥ㡣ھӢվ
ϢɣһҪǰæһЦӰ˻
ʱħѾȥֻмֻͼħﻹһսı㽫Щħ
һתóһ΢΢һףʶ֮ˮһĴȥ
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Ƭִ̣ӻ֮г˳ʤоӢ
ɱ
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һãնɱħ֮󣬵ͼħҲ嵽ǰ
ЩͼħǻۺܵͣǵУֻʳֻзֻн˺飬һη
Ȼͼħﲻսȫƾǿȹˣȴ츳
һСħٶȿþˣ½ħ൱սʦ𣬵ǵٶȾԲڶ
צӷʥȣֻҪץһצ˶г롣
ħ֮ħ֮һצħ
֮⣬һνС쳤ߵ˫һʮ֮⣬ٶȿŵãٶȾͲ
ħ֮ٶħȻٶȿ죬ֶޣֻܳȥצӻҧˡ
Ҳûʲôµġ
⻹һͷ˫ǣǿķǿþˣħ֮һĶħ
ħֱΪħ֮еĻ壬˵ħڶħͳ֮£һﵽ߼ʵɱ᳤˫ٶħ֮нħĴڡ
Χǵģħ
ħһ˲㽫ʤľӢǸΧ棬洫Ĵ֮⣬˵Ӱ
ټһЩĸ߼ħﻹδ˴
ͼħȻܶ࣬Ҳܸ˴ΣգҪЩ߼ħҪ֪ʱЩ߼ħûгͣ¿ǡ
ûгһЩ弶ħҲվ
Щ߼ħĽƻһʱ󷨣ǿ϶ٹʱǱֻ߼ħӲƴ
ȻǶʮ˶ﵽʣħǱߵҲ٣ħʮֻ弶ϰֻ
һֱָоôħＯ϶ԭġ
ħӲƴһƴʱٴֻܳ߼ħǿҪˡ
ԣԸҧȥֻҪЩ߼ħ󷨣ħɱ
ûЩ߼ħһܳ߼ħҲƴһƴ


041 ׶
ӳģЩħȻ٣ǵʵޣǻϣûа취һЦһӣֻħ㱻
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Զĸ߼ħͻȻŭ֮˵Ķ䶼ֱ졣
Щ߼ħＱˡȫһЦֵǣӰѾ
ˡӦһսǵصĺȥǿֲɱ㼯һħ˲㱻˺顣
һսɱħΧħȫˣ¶һƬ⡣
δɿһħֳ˹εħƺ֮ǰЩһ
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Сĵ㣬ιħйŹ֡ɫĶ˵
£еħ㻯Ϊһ˹գۼ㵽˵ǰ
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ħβֻ൱һʮ꺢ӵΣԴȴǼⳤģſȻ߿һ㣬˲ŵһ߶
ټϴ¶ɺͷֱһѪڣԴǺڴһ㡣
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ۿֻצħצҪץ֮ϣ罣צӺͼƿ񵽣һץʵСѱ
ݡ
ãͻȻֻצħǰֻצħûзӦ˲䱻ԴǵצҲڰǰ幫ִͣ
һԾؽһľ磬ֻ嵽ǰӳצӵĶħ˲˽ꡣ
һ̣һתؽٴŰǰӳһӹһֻ͵ϮצħɳȥצħצӼѾӴ˰ͷһգ۵ĹòˣͿԽԴץ顣
˲䣬˽ǰжΣյħﶼˣһξϡ
Ҫֵ֪ܵڲпսܹԭ֮ľϡ
Ȼڸ죬ǵʵѱȵ걩˰ٱֹȻδֿ˯Ҳ˯һС
֮ĬҲһûм١
øղ˵밢ҲоħԼȴְֵﰢ
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Щ֮ǰûκϵĽǰͰǿðźܴķգһǣһ㣬˶пħϡ
ҪεȵĬεȵΣһܹģϾΪȡΡ
Ű˵ľϣĵ˵ͷԱߵĶȫԼ˵ͷ
ղҲ⵽ħǵϹԿǶ໥϶ȹΣȻûֵôϣ໥֮ҲǷǳΡ
˿ɾûôˣˣˣһצħץһצ˺ߴ⣬ҪԱߵĶȫʱԮΪһսʤӢ
һħҧһڣҪ켰ʱһħԴ򶼱ҧ
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ĮĻӢЩ£Ҷԣһɥ˻
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ħӣа˲òʣµˣǼ֮⣬϶ˡ
ϵˣɫҲԽѿ


042 ɱ
Ҳٴ󷨣ɲ֪Ϊʲôǲ󷨣һҪֵЩ߼ħС
ôƬ̣ǰѾȫħʬѻһСɽ

һҽԴɫһ䣬Ӱһǰ־һȥһֻצħڵأצħצϣץһѪܵ⡣
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ܵĿ⣬Ӣ΢΢üû˵ʲô
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˶ĿͶ죬͵ûпȫӣֻ˻ɱħ
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ӳһܲסѹľӢҰ죬£һĽãǰ
ݡ
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ԣɫһ䣬ʱ˼Ȼп־壬ȻҧЩħϡ
쿴һߵֵܣֿһЩֵʤӢ˼к𰢿밢Ǳߴ˹ȥ
һߣͿȫ˺ĬĿ˹
߼ħٶȺܿ죬ȻǸղڼ֮⣬ҲƬ̱嵽˵ǰ
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գۼ䣬ˣȻû󷨡
ΪǼֻΪħǳĽȫħ󣬻ûн󷨵ķΧ֮С
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һ·еǵǰĵ׼ħȫһצɱɼײеĳ̶ȡ
ܵеħﶼٶû˿ľţ෴ϻ¶һĨϲ˺˵ٶҲԽԽ졣
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ǽȥͶȫ˶ʣµļһͺ𣬱Ѹٵĳ嵽Աߣм䣬гħȫһɱ
нӡѸٵı仯һ޷۵ĹâȻԽ±γһµ󷨣гħȫС
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ڲܣ¶һĨЦһ̣ĽãԵ漤


043 
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ҵܵģнӡٴα仯һ̣ЩɱĶħǰռһŤãͻأ֡
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ħһŭ𣬻ȭͷЩãȥǿֲ֮£ƬĽãϧûǳûȥĽãٴǺ
ۡ
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ԣȫһ뵽ҪЩ֮зħˣһָŻ
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ԣ޷ʵǿһ㣬żֵҪǵʵһҲǺö١
԰ʰħˣΪʲô֣
ȫЦſ򶫷ȫĿ֮г˳벻мǵУȫãԶսúôŽʵ
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ҡ쿴ŵľӢɫҰֽͷ亹ˢˢðȻĮûзߣȴеһĪѹվȡ
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044 ѵ
ҡ֧˺һɾû˵һ仰ۿҪվȲסһӢͻȻվӳ붫ȫϤҲ˽ǵسΪӦһǶϤӣܸõķӳҵʵ
˵òͷ˭ʣ
ҾóӥʺϡӢһ£ּҲУҪȻѧҲС
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𿴳ӥ貢ûֱӻش죬е˼ֻҪɵӶȶȫʺϵӣΪԴҸ˽⣬ֻ˽ܸõָӴҡ
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ԣɫ䡣
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жֻԼİΣȫѣ˵ô⸱ӳһְǣ
˶˵ȫɫĵͷû취˵ʵõ뷴ûڡ
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ֵܻʦʱǾӣξ꣬Сսٳһӵˣ϶ˣʣµҲˣȴ˶ûܡ
ǻΪǰ壬ԻҿԸǣǽʶÿһսǳ嵽֮ǰ
ΪʲôڻţΪ˶ϣĬ֮£ʮٱ֮УҲɴԡ
ǽսԲսɣΪΣգΪǳҪٴħ÷ЩһĲߡ
Ҳϣ֮кܶ˶Զ


045 ߼ħ
ǿɻ˵ģĿһ˵ɨһҲû˵
εˡͷϣǵһΣҲһΣҲ⽫顣
סЩħʬȥ
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°˿ڣԼҲһЩʬ֮зҵħˡ
ʱ֮㽫еĲʬһ飬ջǳĲħҵǧöʮö弶һʮöܹýǧ֣˸˲ѡ
ˣǧֶѣԶЦɹѧ׼ǶʮҪȫ˵Ҳ߰ʮϡ
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˵ĿⶼסˣǳħȺ֮Уɱɱ໥֮ȫԼıˡ
ܶʱ䣬ǿΪȥһˣԼǷΣա
ֵܾϣħ˿϶һĨΡ
ҲԱֵܴӳһֱһ໥ܴ֮ͨﵽĬϲΪ档˰οֻҪܹĽͬ鵱ֵܡ
ȫǣܹиԷǾﵽĬĳ̶ȣҲԻʵǿڴ˵
š˶˵ͷֵܵսҲϵҪԣʮһȥԼħҲֵôɡ
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С쵰ҸоЩԾĿһɺŨصѪζǸղֵܻɱħγɵġ
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Сġһ
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ֻǰһħѵǰ
𡭡ħһŭǼצӱץ˹ȥ
Сĵ㣬һֻ߼ħ൱ڶۡ
£ȭͷһӣһӰȭͷ֮Ϸ
߾磬գۼ䣬Ӱ㵽ħǰһߴ
ۿںϣǧһ֮ʣֻһӰħһһ̣Ѻħϡ
˶û뵽ǣӰħһħҲ˲仯ΪƬƬƬ
ãǲӰɫ䣬Ӱһڰǰ˫ֻ
䡭
δȰӦһǰ𣬽űһħ
ɨǧ

밢˲䷴Ӧһ嵽ǰΪĹ˳ȥ
𡭡
ܵǿҵΣħΪһӰѸȥգۼ䣬˳ʮףȻӰԱһƣױܹ˵Ĺ
ÿٶȡ
ݵķӦ
ħľٶ˶һɫҲԽء
¸£ʵϸƤ⣬ϲˡħЦŵ࣬ȫƤ񣬶˵֮䣬˶̿ˮ
˶Ĵһ
Сġ
һͺһ̣ħѳ嵽˶ȫǰѪŶȫҧ˹ȥ


046 ֲħ

ȫһӣĽãħ˹ȥ
ʵϧٶ˵㡣ħһֽУһƮƣٶȼֱ˲ȣױܹ˶ȫһ
һ̣ɺѪѶŶȫԴҧȥ
ȳζ֮Ż
ȫɫһ˲òҰףһϢӿͷ˶֮סˣһоԼˣϴɾ
ʵȫҲ㣬ٶ̫죬쵽֪Լ֮

ŶȫԴڽħ·˶˾ֵļУһɫҲŵòҰס
籩
ڶȫԴҪħ֮ڣȫͷ϶һδŻζʱΧԭƽĿռͻȻ纣˷
ţһɿֲ籩Ϯ
Ȼ깥
ҪʳħͻȻһֽУҲ˲õڵʳӰһͻΪһڹ˶ȥ
Ʊڡ
Űһͺ𣬿ռһ˲ħٶȣռԿֲٶȱһ壬һסĴһ㡣
ǾȻ̽ս
ܵΧռľ޴仯ħޱȵ𾪣Ҳգۣһֹֽ̣
ƾʵסӡ
ֻħ˫֮Ϻڹһֲ籩ϱһ·̵Ŀռ䶼˲鿪
Ʊڡ
Ʊڡ
ۿ⿿һˣⲻסħͳҲأ׷׽̽սħȥ̽ս£ԭħƽռٴ

ûħٴγƣһɴ̹ǵĺٴα˲ħԲ׵ĿռΪһ顣
ս֮£ħΧĿռȫΪһ壬ۼ֣һӴҲôס
ڴʱռͻȻһһɿֲ籩ħҲ֮Դ֮ͻȻһը죬㽫Դը
һѪħ߿֮ԭͿֲħøΪ
ħȻҪǿܶࡣ
ŽˣûбԼ籩ɱħ̲סü֮ǰƾ͸˵ħص㡣
ħǿö࣬һرѹ죬Ϊ⣬ħĿ
Ͼ깥һǿģԿֲٶ½Ч
һħпܳԴ
ڼԼȫʹ籩۶ɱǰֻжʵħȻˣʶħֲԼ֮иΪǿ
ǾȻñˣҪͳͳҪҪʬΣ̽ӡħŭĶԸо֮ǰһЩ
Ȼղŵ籩֮£ܵ˲Ĵˡ
䡭
ŭħ˫У趯ЩĿռȫӦ顣
Ǽٶȣ˸ȫ
ۿգħҪԽ֮гһͺħ˹ȥ
һȴٶȸ졣
ħʳöȫǱ߽ӣΣһ˫۱ˣӰһΪһӰ˲嵽ħԡ
߾նȥ
Ľãһӳһֱߣһ·ռ䶼ʹ˻

ʱħΧĿռ䶼ţͶ޿ɶ㣬ۿߵã˫һӱѪ죬һɿ񱩵
ݡ
ħצӣһĺɫצӰŹ񺿰ߵãץȥ
ȻħٶȺܿ죬ϧߵľ̫ЩצӰշɳãѵˡ
䡭
һ·ħצӰӦҪǺ̫Ϊһ
һĵãצӰͬھ֮󣬽ãҲ׵ħǰ
ۡ
ħķ˲䱻ƣħǺɫ϶ʱɺ˺ۣʢʻһ
𡭡
ʹħĲҽУ֮г˷ŭԹԼ衣
ʳȻ˺ңħɺ˫ۣĿѵӶڶȫϣöȫȫһͷð
ݡ
ãڰһգȫǰһƿŶȫıϮȥ
ȫͻȻеһһĪѹѹϣĶһ˲䶼
ۿǵצвϷŴ󣬿۵֮£ֵ
ֻؿǴϢϮצԽԽ


047 ħ
Сڰ֮ɱ֮ǰۣҲûие벻ʡ
ħǿö࣬ǲԼ츳ҲͬǿټѪ֮зɱ¾ϢͬǵĶ֡
ҲʣҲҲܱһֻªħƣҪұҪɱЩħġ
ȫ˫ۣӱħѹƣܵصĴѹг˱ߣɫҲ˶Ť
Ŷȫı仯Ѫ֮ǹɾѵҲŭŭܵƵĵһ㣬һɿֲѹѪ֮б
񡭡
һɢԶϢĿֲѹԶȫϱϵ·ΪѹΪƬͷҲֱϵѹҲ˲䱻
ÿֲѹܵȫͻȻѹԱߵɫ΢΢һ䡣
ǿֵʵԾؿŶȫ˫۹ĵϴ
ȻͻˣȻħѹ֮ͻˡ˶һ
ѹȻõĴ߷ãʲôҩáһЦؿŶȫΪȫеˡ
ҹ
ȭͷȻΪһצӣŶħץצӺȥ
ܵȫϵͻȻ仯ǹͻȻѹõħɫ΢΢һ䣬Ȼһ
ʶΣգȥ֮ʱһãȻ֣ݺצӺһ
䡭
һȻ죬ȫ˶ɳȥ
𡭡
ħһֽУȻ˳ף붫ȫһצѱѪģѪˮһ¡
ĶҪ
ûȶȫͣȣħ㻯Ϊһڹ⣬ųɱٴ˹ȥ֮Ũصɱ֮£
ȥɡ
һĮȻħǰһſֲѹ
ʲôħ󾪣Աߺƶȥϧٶ̫죬նѵǰ
䡭
ݺݵĺħϣɢĿ˲佫ɡ
ɨǧ
ӥա

Ҳħһ˵ʲô̶ȣֲսǿ֮б㶪˹ȥΪǶ֪һȻԲܻɱħ
۸ֿɲô׻ɱġ
䡭
𡭡
һڿ֮𣬰ŵĻħĲҺ
ξ㲻Ҳˡ¶ЦݣԽɱħһԽô༶ɱһۼĹȷʵһֵ˷ܵ顣
Ҫ֪ϴζȫΪСɷź˾ҵɱûв룬һֱΪ
Ȼδ£һųĺڹǿ֮һ˹ȥ

ɫ䣬תˣħϵѹ̫ǿˣٶȶ˺ܶ࣬Ͷ֮
֮ʣǰĿռͻȻ罺ˮһ㣬õħٶͻȻ
ˣǿռѸٵոǽħĸ档

Ӱһգ˳ףֱʱŷ֣ʱħȫѱһƬѪģ˫ϵëһС롣
һֻë񣬱жѿ
ҪȫҪ
ħһŭͻȻһǿĺڹ⣬ΧĿռȫ飬ţֻ˫צһӣǽĿռ˲
ǲûħ⣬Ŀռһıٴ£ΧĿһ飬ħҲٴαס
ɱ
˫۵Ķȫһŭ𣬱˹ȥҲʺȻûнսĹսȴһ㶼
ȫ˶ˣۿħڱٶ֮û̫ǿ±ߵʤӢҲŭŸų
һʱ֮䣬ɱ캰սƲ㶼ɢɫޱȵѤ
𡭡
ܵڶ˵Χħ߽ӣҪ֪УЩʤӢ϶ѣζʳ
ھȻЩʳΧΧԼˡ
ħԵеٶȣһٶܵƣʵͽ½룬ʱֵַ֮£ٶȸá
С쵰ѧɣۼĶħסˡһؿ죬ֵܣһ㲻ż
ħ֮Ҳûг֣ЩʤӢһǵս飬ǵġ
Ͼֻħۼ
ѧ˵ͷȴüͷһĶܡ
ӽɽȣоɽȲ򵥣һɺǿѪζоܲ׼ȷ˵Ӧڵ֮ܲ
һַԹС
⻹֮һηָо첻òӡ


048 צħ
С쵰ôˣؿ졣
ܾɽЩ졣δ£ɫ͵һ䣬˲Ϊһã嵽һӢǰ
䡭
һȻһߵķݵɳȥһ·ΧħľӢײɡ
ͬʱһӰҲʮ֮⡣
һСֻħ֮һСϸ˫צ˸һ⣬Ѽ⵶һ㡣
һ
צħħ֮еɱ֣ó͵Ϯ
һ߼צħ
ͻȻֵħ˶һɫصĿһ
ײɵľӢһղŲ켰ʱ֣Ǵʱצħצˡ
һֱɳףͣ£ǵѪûüĨӰһ嵽ǰСĵ㣬һ൱۵צħ
˵ţŤͷΧħĶȫ˵ӿٶȣ콫
Ϲ֣û뵽Ȼ˲һȺǱצħûһϷĶΧħЦ
ںı飬ƺû˷С
Ϲְ֣ңˣŮǰҲ޷ħŭ
ԣצħɫһ䣬һǿϢϱ
˶һۣӶԷĿ֮п˵ǡ

צħ֣ȷˣһ׳˲ͷʵųɱצħ˹ȥ
צħһһתһѪɫذ׳УһӣһѪɫĹâƿռ䣬˹ȥ
ٶ磬գ۱Ҫ
ȻѪͷϵһ˲䣬ͻȻһͺ
ת
𡭡һͳ˶ͷȻһŤڿռдӴʱ㣬ѪɫãԱһ
š
צħͫһһ̣ѵǰ
Ϊ߼ħѺۿռȻɢϢǿЩļ£ȴûһη塣
Ͼֻһ壬ûǻۣӲʵ
ơ
Ѫɫذһӣͷȥ
ɢãռ䶼̵òϵĲ
Ȼذ׿Ҫ̵ͷʱԭޱӴͻȻţϱһɻصĿ
ʲô
צħɫ䣬ôû뵽ȻһԱ
Ȼսһ㶼壬ⶫԱǿɾˣҪ֪ʱչֳʵ۷塣
۷Աش
ûκԥצħеذһգתܡ
ܵ𣿡¶һĨЦнӡϱ仯͵ʱΪһ磬צħ˹ȥ
ܵ׷צħоǺȻٶ˿ôܣߵľ붼û뿪
ͻȻ䣬צħһˣЦúãɣϽ׷ɣ
צħȻһתǳ˹ȥ
ˡ
ɫ䣬һͺ𣬴˺һ£ȫԱ߷ȥΧħĶȫҲ⡣
ݡ
һȫˣѪ򶼱һֻħϽһŵתȥ
ΪղŻæ֮гķצħĵط֪צħ󻹸һҪĴڡ
һѱɰɵܵĻϢĻͣ
צħٶȺܿ죬Ȼٶ󣬵ЩʤӢٶȴ˲١
գۼ䣬ЩʤӢľһء
צħǽթġյģȻԱشʤľӢ
˶ĿģȫҪӡ
ܲˣȥɡħ¸¹ֽţ˵Ҳ֮עҪشܽɱЩྫӢȷʵǳĻ㡣
ۿԽԽצħԽ˷ܣħΪɱ¾ɱ¾ǲ˿η壬ǳ˷ܡ
Ȼδ£һɿֲѹͻȻõ嶼΢΢һٶ˲½ɡ
һצħδŪô£ǰһɿֲ籩ϯ㣬ϵѹٶȴͶֻ֮ܿ籩ɡ
񡭡籩һоԻצħֻԴ֮ͻȻһһ̶Ҫɢһ㣬ʹȫٶҲ˲ͣ
һ̣׷գ۱㵽ǰ


049 
䡭
һȻ죬ҲܲסΪһɿ񱩵籩ʶȥһ·籩֮£ռƬƬֻ̣һ޴Ŀռڶ

צħ˲㱻籩ɵħվֵļһһ̣Ҳɵ
һɵ߼ħ籩Ȼû⣬ʣգۼ䣬׷˼ܵʤӢ
һ߷ɵ򣬷׷׵ɳȥ
ʵǿܵĶȫ˶ûӵ
ҺöȫǶܿ죬һ㿪ܣǱը֮ҲԶһͽԼķͷų
ȻһǱҲûܶصˡ
ӵ쿴һ۵һصˣ¶һĨЦԱȻΣҲԺýʹˡ
ǵýʹáȫҲ˵ͷ
£⣬Űе籩˹ȥ
¡
ֻء
һ嵽УûǻδɢȥĿıȥ
·ʤӢǣһ˵ľٶʱǵ˼ϵˣ׷׷һսҲ籩֮кȥ
籩ʧ¶ǱħħϼˣȫѪһ֮Ǹڰյ嶼ҡڲ
צħҪħһЩȻҲѪϢҲ֮ǰһ㣬ǻȵϢܵ˺ء
Ȼδǻعǵصս㵽ǵǰ
ǿֲϢõȫڷ㣬ɸûǸʱ䣬ֻؿЩսԼɡ

ħֻüһҽУսϣֱӽ嶼顣
צħȻûб飬ҲһƬҶԿ¡
ɱ
˭ʤӢǱצħµĵطȥűһ󵶹⽣ã߼ħۼ֣ôȺУϰڵϡ
ҲǴ˵֮еȭʦ
ò˵ֻħĺܱ磬ĽҲֻܹԼ
ȣֻħˣûǷУһʼˣһ֣Ǻпȫ
Ͼʱצħ͵Ϯ֮£ֵԼͲȫħٶȣħٶһȫӳɱԿֲ
ΣȲãʤӢ֮սߣ½ħһҪӮҲѡ
ϧħ˿ǣڽս֮£ٶȸӲûٶȣʵֱʧȥ߰˳ɣ⿿ʵսʤԶսˡ
צħȫΪУ죬ͲܵԱĴˡ
ûԱҲܳǱ籩֮Уǽ
ȻҲ˵ľ֮
ǲǳ籩δȫʧͶʹսֻħһ籩֮гӦ㱻սٴɣҲյЧ
Ҫ֪צħħٶȺͷӦǳĿ죬ܵشҲԱһۿ졣
һʹս籩ģ֮ʹħȫԶ㿪
һҲԿսİմﵽ˺־ĳ̶ȡ
ӳצħħˡܷһ˷ܵĽһСħ˵ݸֵڸѰħħˣǲ֪ܷҵ
żӹħˣûпһۣڸûħ
һ£ɫصصСһ㣬ܷʲôҪ嶯ҡ
סһͷż˷ɱȥ
ӳѵ㻳ﻹħܷԾؿ졣
š˵ͷѵˣצħʱħĶԻôħ˵ˣצħҲŮ
룬צħħ߼ħħ֮УȼǿȫһʵΪ磬Ϊϸ񡣡
߼ħĸԸĳŮô
ԣ˾ͷһˮȫһ
Ѳǰ˼ħ˵⻰ʱܷɫһӱòҰףȫҲֳһĨ־塣
˼ħǿ൱ڵĴڣָܽ
ӳǻǸϽ뿪ɣҪǰ˼ħˣȫһӢ˵
˷һ󲿷ݵľӢҲͷ޳ɡ
΢΢һЦ찲οҲ̫ģŮӦûˡ


050 Ѫء޵
Ҷ֣ΧħһԣǺó롣ȫһͺȣȫж
ղɱЩħħǿɻû꣬Щǻ֣ǵսƷȻԸô
һߣ㿴죬صصС쵰а˼ħô
ҲһЦ˵߼߽׵ħҲ˵塣
˵߼ħ߽׵ħ˼ħʲô𣿡췭˷ۡǵ治̫ã߼ϵħϣǸȻֻ
㻰ͲˡЦ߼ħȻѶԸ˵̫ѣοֻ߼ͽס
Ҫ֪ɱһֻ߼ħ൱ɱֻħֱǸͻ֡
οһսȫͻƵʣǵʵһ
⵹ǲһЦŶȫ֣̫Ľˣһͻˡ
öѡȫٺЦѵһ죬Ȼ˸˷֮⣬ͻƶÿ˵Ϊ˷֮¡
Ҳʵһ֡һЦ
δ£
ʲôˣȰڣʵ
ҵһɽɫصصɽڲ󣬵Ҹоܴ󣬶źŨصѪζɢ⻹һɷǳֲϢ档
ȥתҪߡ
ˡǹϢǳǿ󣬲ܹԸģҸоѾۡ
ʲôɫ͵һ䡣
Ǽѵ˵а˼ħ
Գһڳ˶һ
ˣҾδǰ˼ħͻȻ˵ǰ˼ħɽôãܳǡ
ħǲݣԲ
ǽħﶼˣȻûг֣ҹƣҪôʲô˼ħܿĳƷ
ǰ˼ħ϶Ҳĳƣܳ
Ҿð˵ò˼£ͷ
ȻˣǵǿȥһԾԾԵص˵ʲôҲ˵һ
ϴθһ˴飬һɽһ뷨б
ðɣǼȥˣ׼һԣ˵ͷҲ뿴ɽ֮еʲô
ʣµ˷Ը˼䣬ڰĴ£Ƭ̱һƬʯ
һδǸνɽ˶üͷɫףһŻģ
ĿУѪζ̫Ũˣо˵Ѫɽ֮һ㣬Ѫζ֮лһô˵ζ
ζһ𣬲ζ¼ǳһ˺󱳷а֮
Сһ㡣ɫޱȵأһνƽóϡ
ľٶжһöϣսΪҶ֪ǲʱЦġ
ûҪӣһǰߵǰ棬ɽȥΪʶѾɽڡ
Ƭ̣˱һףɽ
һɽһĪѹ˵ϣϾѹһСɽһ㣬һӶü
ǹɹζҲŨأ˸оѪ֮һ㡣
С쵰ôʵ
֪ҡҡͷɽйŹ֣ҵʶһ̽ȥʧ
£ţҽȥ
ֵܡȫһЦǷģǵûʲôΣգӦû
Ȼ˵ɣȴûףĵóöŴҲע⽫ɽһ󷨡
浽˷ʱѾɣɽܡ
С쵰ؿ졣
û£ֻһһΣգǾ뿪ǰ˼ħҲ赲һ󡣡ЦЦҲ˵ĵģɽȥ
ɽﾲˣĽŲĺԽߣѪζŨ
һƬѪɫ
˰֮ǰȻʡ
ͫһϾǺȻ
һ׵ĳӣ֮ȫѪɫҺ壬տķˮһ㣬ðѪݡ
ǹɴ̱ǵѪζ洫ģȻǸʲôҺ壬Ѫ
ˣѪ֮лˮͰСѪɫ޵ÿһ޵ɢһϢͬʱһ쳣аϢ


051 Ѫħһ
ѵЩħĵ𾪲ѡ˵󲿷ħﶼһ̵ôôô൰
£ǰ׼һ⵽ʲôôа񣬾ȻҪôѪˮݡ
ͻȻ֮䣬һѪԳһֱϮ
Σա
ɫһ䣬ƽһƬãѪȥͬʱҲ͵ˡ
ۡ
ãѪ֮һѪһΪмѪ֮У㽫ü޵顣
𡭡
ѪͻȻһҰްһ̣ǷΪѪͬʱϮ
Ѫٶ磬գۼ㵽ǰ
ۿԼ֮һӣǰΪһǽ
ۡ
Ѫã֮ϣʱΪѪƮ
Ӱ͵˳ЩѪ־룬΢üͷɻʲôôô׾ͽɱˣ
ղųʱѪ֮ϸоһǿϢ
վ˺һЩ䵽ϵѪûκε̽һܣҲûʲôΣգżǰȥ
Σ֮ǰӵĽˡ
ȷʵû⣬ǰȥ
ȻĽŸ䵽ղƮڵѪʱЩѪͻȻСһ䶯δ콫ջأѪ㼯һ𣬽ĽŰסˡ
һϢ´ͻȻоʲô塣
ʲô⡣󾪣ȾҪܣһһԵڵء
ʱֻѪѾʧȥ֪͸оԼϵһ㡣
һд޾Դ֮𣺡þûôʵˡ
һʮ꣬ĸűɴü۵ٸͻȻС
˭ôܵȥģʶعڣһֵؿٸУֻԾ֮壬һԾѾޱȵͷʹˣٶһûζԸˡ
СԹԣɳɻʣ졣ٸջٴ˵䣬Ըеĺ촽
ٸʶһãĿⲻɨȥ
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һڸʶҪһ㣬һƮƮɵĸо
СûƭɣϽɳ񡣡ŮգգȻ۾̧Уһж
ĽŲٸ˹ȥϸ¶ҸЦݣͺ鳲һ㡣
ԽԽٸϵЦԽŨĸ׿Լİĺһ㣬˰⡣
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Ƭ̼䣬ٸǰʱϴҸЦݣ˫ȴһƬãɵһ㡣
СԣٸϵЦ崺磬ҲԴȥϵЦҲù
ֿҪ쵽Դ֮ʣͻȻ֮䣬ã˫һһ䵽ٸϡ

ٸһҽУȻ飬һ̣ʶٴλص֮УսϺȻǰȵѪըĴ䡣
Ѫ뿪ŵ˲䣬ӰһΪһ⣬Ŷȥ
ܡһԹɽһ̣ЩĴѪ˲ʵΪһٸ׷˹ȥ
ʲôٸı仯Ȼûӹʶ˹飬Ķͷð亹
ֱԶս·졣
СԹԣͣ£ܲģҲ˺㡣ٸһٱħŮһ㣬ղŻǴ̶죬ʱȻֱɽεε
ٶȼ죬һգ۵Ĺı

Ӱһ컯Ϊһ⣬˲ٸٶһ롣
û뵽㻹˼ܡٸЩ㵵ؿ죬漴һЦСԹԣ˵Ӳġ
˵䣬ֻһӣѪ㼤ȥ
ƶ
һͺȣһսԽһ壬ٶٴαǼ֡
ͬʱԱһƫѪһ
䡭
Ѫ⾡ڶ֮ϣزʯмһ䣬õԽǱ෴Щʯͺ۾һ㣬ٸͷϵ
Ȼʯֻнףɴʱȴоаһ㣬ǵ˾ͷ


052 Ѫħ
ɽ⣬ȫһŵؿɽø¸졣
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ͻȻһɫ䡣
ô죬ˣС쵰϶ΣˡΪͨ졣
ȱ𼱣ٵȵȡȫϽȰ˵ڶֵܲõ󷨣Ǿȥܡ
䡭
£ɽִһһ£õҲȲȥˣҲǰĻҪȥ
ȵȡһǰסڣȥֻ֮Уʱء
ܾܲ￴Σհɣ˫ۣˮ˳
Ȼܹ￴šͻȻⲿǿ⣬һ֣˵ͿԽ󷨻ٵ
á˫һսˮӿеսӿ֮£ɢã
˸߾Ҫ׼ӳ֮ʣһӰԶ˳
һ㶣ȫȵȡ
ӰǶڶȫ˵֮صĻ󣬿ɶǵӰûκεӰ죬Ҫ嵽ǵǰ
ţһ绹ϼֵѪҲɽ֮з˻֮УѪûôһͣ¶һű¶ջٸ
ֵܣǡȫ˿ǰɫףֿ˿еٸ˼Զ
÷һãֵطҲˡҲٺٵЦ׷ôòǡ
˾ҲһЦؿ졣
ߣһۣյ˾ûһö
һ˼Ҳ̫ˣҲ룬ʲôطôŮҡҡͷ֮УһãŮ¡
üͷһ壬һеٸȫɻȷʵһŮˣûⰡ
˵ţɫ͵һ䣬ʧѵ˵ʲôħ
ħָһЩԱ仯ģħȻħﶼԱ仯ֻдﵽ˼ϵħܱ仯
ȫĿ졣
ҡҡͷʲôҲ֪ܹ죬а
˵ţ콫ղŵһи˵һ飬˵ŮһѪɵģɱ˶̲סһ
֪ʲôˣȫͻȻɫصص
ʲô˶򶫷ȫ
֮ǰرڼ֮˽йħ飬ǵҲЩ˽⡣ȫɫصħȼɭϣħܶ࣬кܶʵǺǿǾ൱½ūǸ߼ħʳ
ڶħ֮УʵǿɻǶħΪħΪ壬ͳħ򣬵һħǶħǣҲÿԴ
ѪħѪħ˼飬һѪɣҲȫȡѪҺΪһѪǲûй̶̬仯㽫飬Ҳ
˵òһѪһŻΪŮ˵ġ˵ͷ֪ô
˼£ȫϼأѪħһֺܹĶħѾԼÿһѪںһֻҪһCѪڣǱ㲻
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˻˶̲סҲ̫ˡ
ҪÿһѪҲ̫ˡɫصĵȲ˵жǿһ򲻹ʱԱѪΣ˭ܽһβʣ
Ҫڳ˰ɣ󷨽סҲвǡ
Сû˱̬ȫ㼱ǲ뿪뽫𣬷д鷳
ȫɻؿ
Ѫħɱ֮⣬Ƕᡣȫ˭ֻҪѪմϣ֮ûǿôܽ׶ᣬٰˡ
ѪħѺڱɱ֮ǿֻҪ֣ԲΪǵĶ̫£µʥҲԷ֡
һѪħܳȥĳܸ࣬ܿԹƵʧ˵ħսһϵĸֶѪħ֧ħϡ
˼£ҲͷҲö˵òħﱾǲݣѪħ̫죬ϣɣöߵ뿪ﵽ½ϣ롣
⣬ǸѪ֮еЩ޵ҲԲ򵥣ܿǸ߼ħĵһǷҲһ޴黯
ûв´ЩӦǸѪħĺȫһʱɫ䡰ôܣһѪħôô޵Ҫ֪ǧ


053 ɱһ
ģģֻЩ涼ѪħıѪ˵ĺȫҡҡͷѪħַһַ꣬ʽһֻܲһֻѪħʧԪȼ½ַʽѪħ츳ߣһ㶼Ѫħӡ
ЧʺܵͣһֻѪħһֻֻѪħøҲﲻʮĴۣԣһ£Ѫħʹַʽ
ڶַʽʹǵľѪôıѪѪַʽѪħܵѪصȼƣ츳һ㣬ѪħҲӡ
һôֻҪ㹻ıһԿܶѪħҶĸѪħӰҲС
˵ţȫݸղֵ˵Ѫ֮оȻǧ޵ȫֻѪħġ
һ˶ѪħͬѪħĸ޴˺ףΪʲôɽôĶҲûжǳ֡
Ѫħܵ˾޴˺ԲǶ֣Ҫֵͼ˺Ѫеľ޵¶Ѫ֮Уһֱ֡
ô˵ֻѪħħŮˣŴ۾ʵҲǺǿ
ӦþŮˡȫͷѪħǿҪǵֶ̫죬ԲעҪĵᡣ
ҹƣֻѪħŮʵҲܷӳѪħʵҪȻֵûô
ħ˫һҲ൱ʣĹǿɲ¡
Ҳ˵̫ߣѪħĹʵȻǿѪֲֵ֮⣬˶ᱻ׶ᡣȫЦɱףҪÿһѪٵ
Ҫô죿ȫ򶫷ȫ
Ҳûа취ȫεҡҡͷѪħħ٣ҿǱϲȫûмɱѪħЧ
żҲǺѡЦڿǱҵеһжѲҵĸ֪
ǾͿô󷨽Ѫħɡ¶һĨѪЦݣתŻȥ
ʱǱڻеѪħûм꣬滺߶ţ⿴ȥȴԭתȦȦ
Ѫħ¶ĨЦû뵽Ѫħ򶨡
һ˵֮УΧľһ䣬󲿷жᾪţ򼱱򹥻УѪħȴֻ̽ԵߣҲޱȵࡣ
һԿѪħ򵥡
ѪħȫѪ϶𣬶һýѪҪһ㣬Ҳֻˡ˼£öڵƳɵϡ
һףнӡϱ仯ʶ֮ˮһӿָķȥ
ݡ
һָص㣬ãһ⣬໥ӣγһ޴ͼ
ˡ
һйãһ棬󶼸Χ
ɡ
нӡһ䣬֮ͻȻţǧãǱеѪħûз֣㱻ЩãʳѪꡣ
ãʧһ̣˵Ŀ֮£ЩѪͻȻмȥ㼯һһӿղűãɢٸ³֮С
Ϣһûиκε˺
ù졣
˶̲סۼԶűᡣ
ģɵ࣬ѪħҲ޷ˣȻղһ˺ԺԲƣ˵Ҳһĳ衣
Թ֮Ѿо󷨲ܹƳˣȼǳ֮ߣħɲ󷨣Ҫȥɲס
һ첻ͣĹǻɲС˺
ѵЩ඼ֻͷڹꣿѪħһЦĳǲһߣǵ־أأԸһŮˣȻɵַ
Ѫħ㲻ð׷Ļҽ֮зųǳ롣Цħ屾Ͳݣֻʤֻлţϡ
ǱˣѪħһпܱŭųȴɵӣŲΪЩðա
һѪħ΢΢һüЦû뵽һ޳󱲣ȻˣɣҵҪôɱң
Ͼͻ֪ˡһЦнӡһת֮ͻȻðǧٽѪħӡ

һͺЩٲѪħڣѪħҲѸٵıСѪħûһη壬һĳ


054 ɱ
Ѫħôһ㶼£˿ŲСѪħ˶һɻ
Ҳüͷһࡣ
ȻʱѪħѾСԭ֮һ֤Σǳ֮ɫȴڸ죬û˺
Ƭ̼䣬ѪħʣµһѪҲգۿѪħѾ˶һ
ѵѪħղǹģɻһ̣ɫ͵һ䡣
ʲô
нӡտʼ仯ЩѪħѪͻȻը
䡭
һٱըķѣյѪҲţһǿ֮˳Щٺ
ɫһ䣬Щٿеľϵʶʶϵǹ֮˳Լʶ
һ·ʶ˲㱻춼ֵ
ۡ
һѪɫҲһӱ˺ܶ࣬Һøղʱӵʶжϣǹ֮Ҳʱ㲻Ҳñ׳ա
ֵܣôˣȫȫ˹һŵؿ졣
û£һС⡣ҡҡͷٿеѪħʱһĨ֮ɫ
СԹԣôζܰɡѪѩЦḧ޷ջ
ŮѪħɦŪˣҧгݡ
ˣҲɡ죬űɱ⡣
ǰﲻҡҡҡصصѪħκʶ̫ûл꼼ﲻæ෴һܵǵʶṥǡ
ô죬ѲǾôŲɣǵһô顣
ӳȻһ˶Ըȫһ֣δؾͶԸղǷռħˣǰ춼ûг˹ÿѪħѪԾûд
깥սͬںϵһ𡣡ҡҡͷ죬ֽĿ⿴Ѫħ
һŽû취
нӡٴα仯һɰűĺȻ֮УеĿ˲һı顣
ܵǹɴ̹ǵĺѪħŤͷһֿۣЦСѵ뽫㶳ɣûӴǲý㶯Ҿͳȫ㣡
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ɵЩмڻ֮ЩѪˮԶɢ±ջѪħ
ɫԽѿղѪħΪ֮깥ԹȴѪħǿܶ࣬˲
ڱը֮ԭЩˮѪϡͣΪѪħ֮ǿЩѪ֮С
һѪϡͣѪĿҲͼٹʱҲ˺ܶࡣ
û뵽ѪħѪĿ֮ԶЩѪˮϡ֮Ҳ׵ؿ
СܵܣʲôֶξʹɡѪħƽЦˣҪб£Ͱѽˡ
ĵУڳ˹ͷˣȫһȣһĪаֱͷ˫˲ˡ
СҲ⣬ͨ죬˫оǴˮ
˿һ羪װ˶ը죬ȫһǹа˲䱻ɢ˫һҲ»ָɫ
˶һۣͷͬʱð亹ж˿־壬ղ켰Ǿϲǲ롣
Ѫħֲ̫ˡжֳͬһ뷨
˿һͺȣҲ֪ԼҲﲻæΪ׸һѸٵȥ
Сܵܣƻ˽ĺ£ҪˡѪħ죬һ˵ǽεģжɰˡ
죬Ҳ̲סһĶ
ģѪħֲ̫ˡϽҲѪħͬʱѸٶ
Ѫħû㣬ѪɣÿһѪﶼֻ꣬ҪһѪڣͲ
ҪɱѪʧôѪʧأ
ѪѪ
ͻȻ˫һ¶һĨЦ⣬һ̣˫Ѹٵı漴֮е¶ҲѸٵ
񡭡
ŻͻȻ֮бԽԽγһƬ𺣣мѪħڵĵط˹ȥ


055 
Сܵܣ˷ˣýû취ѪħЦȻ֪ĸ򣬵ʶԼΪķȥǸ֮ò˵Ѫħ֮ĺǿҲá
ȻĻδ˵ɫ͵һ䣬һ̣ɡ
ĶȻûҡѪħҲղŵºͣţ֮гԹ
ţ˫һղʲôѪħ˿޲ɫɷǻ֮󣬾Ȼʼˣ仯̫󣬾⡣
컹֣֮һ˿־塣
ҵˣҿ㻹ôšϲսӿĿ֮£֮л죬Ѫħ֮İ

Ѫħһŭ𣬻֮жʱһĺ֮õЩ涼еľһ㣬ڲѡ
ôסЦнӡٴα仯ӿ죬ӵĻͻһ㣬Ѫħ˹ȥ
Ѫħ֮ȫһ޴Ļ
ĶҿֶܼáѪħǷŭٴδƾĻ棬Ҳ̫Сˡ
ññһȫҪΪʳ
Ѫħ£ޱ𾪵ķ֣ѪħȻ˷ΧȻһѪɫĹâл涼סˡ
ʱ캧Ȼķ֣ԭԶѪħһЩ˺Ļ棬Ҳ޷˺ˡ
ôһ࣬ڿֶζˣôһӹȫɱĹʱûа취ˡ
ĶһҳǶ֮ءѪħŭǣҪȫΪҵʳ
úúáŭЦѪħŪ㣬ҾͲ죬Ӿȥˣǿ˭ֵ󡣡
ŭˣսҪеĻɽбþһɽһ㡣
ǻĻ潫춼ӳͨ죬춼
ƴѪħûһη壬Цǲ㻤Ѫĵ٣ȫĵ
෴Ҫ߶ô棬Զö࣬һܲסȥԻָ
ԣ¡
ǧ֮⣬ȫȿ첻ҪĴ߶棬һüͷϾɫ
Ѫħ̫ˣֱǲĴڡ̾ϢҺдˣǽȫ
ȫͷˡ
Ҳ֪ӳʲôʱܽǲŪصص
ȱôࡣȫҷֿסɽȣԷħ˽ŵӳ
ȥ̽һ
ǡɢˡ
ϴѵ⣬Ҳû˸ҲӥҲʵˡ
תһ¹ȥ컹ڴݶսѪħţѪħҲûһʾȻʱŭ켸䡣
Ѫħѵ˲һ¶ûн˿֮У˶̲סüͷ
ѪħĹȷʵûжǿⲻֶΣκֻбİߣҪڶⲼһ󷨽סʱˡ
˵ֵѪħҪֶأȫԱʵ
˵ҡҡͷҶԴ˵˽⣬Ȼƴǿ϶ὫѪħŪҪȻʹŴˡ
ɾôȥҲǰ취ȫüͷ
һΪ벻ûϱѾΪ󷨼˴ʯͬʱԼҲʮƿָսĵҩ
ΪάȥϵĵҩʹˣȫϵĻָսĵҩҲʹˣԱĵҩҲʹһ롣
ȥ߰죬˻ָսĵҩù⡣
ڰǰҲͼȰ˵ôѪħȥʵڲǣѪħҲţһʱҿ뿪ˣǿ
ѪħȻɱǲΪԼ˵ʵ̫˸ǰּܽɱ
첻ͬ⣬Ļ˵ȻѾˣǾͱȥ;ϲ硣
⣬֪û󷨣ǰסѪħһ죬Ѻۿռﶼ֪뽫˸ܡ
ҵˣֲѪħҲˣѪľ޵Ūˡ
һֻѪħѪǧѪħȫɳǽǶôĿֲһ뵽嶼̲סһ
Ǽֱѡ


056 æ
ȫҲûȰ˵Լָսĵҩȫø졣
ȫΪ˲˾ôţʣµʮ˷ֳӣһפɽȣֹħ۹Ĳ鵽
һ򵽸ɱħ׬ȡ֡
һǼԲħﶼɱˣҲŵõǧ֣֣ԤڵĲ̫Զˡ
ڸûħɱһҲֻȫɽУȻΣգҲûջ񣬱Ͼǿμɱħ׬ȡֵġ
Ҳ𼱣Ѫħǰ˼ħȽɱˣǿħ˿ɾֵ֣˽ˡһӢЦ
ԣ˶ǰһʱǿǴ֣ܽǰһ֣ƽÿҲ㹻ǳɹˡ
վˣȥɣȶӳһǹǱҪǿһʵʱǵʵ͸һ֡ȫ˰˰֣˾ͷתȥ
䡭
һͻȻ˶͵תĵط
ѪħĻѪƣҿ㻹ֶܼá˷ܵõ˶˫һ
ѪħĻѪˣζѪħֲסˡ
Ķ㱰ɡ޳ܡ¡ѪħڰԹ֮⣬õ˶һļ¡
ͬʱѪħҲʹԼеĹֶΣƴĹ󷨡
ѪħǿǲݵУԵ˽ƷУǾɵӡЦԭĴٴαǣֱӽ춼պˡ
Ķ㲻úѪħԹ羪ɽ֮֮ÿһʤӢԴըըһ㡣
ˡȫɫһ䣬һֱ˵ȿڣűѪħ֮е
Ѫħŭϣƴش߶֮еĻ棬һߵֵѪħĹһսĹʱ͵öָսĵҩ
䡭
ŭͺɽвϵĻţͺڷŭһ㡣
ʱһȥת۱ǰ죬ѪħڳܲסŭʼСҲڼ
ڳܲסô¶ϲɫû˿еĽӡɿı仯ţЩȫѹѪħ

һ˷ɽ֮һ̣֮ǰŭȫʧҲֻͣлȼʱžž
ѪħҲõ󷨣棬Ҿ죬ıǲóѵġ쿴Цһûмٻ棬ûø
ħ㲻úҵ˻ΪģܿͻΪᡭδ˵꣬Ȼֹһ̣нӡһ䣬ĻѸȥգ۱ʧ
ԭղѪħĲҽ֮ȻһѪĵĲ֮Уҽɾ衣
ȴˣ֮У˵һѪһҳҲӹĸ֪
ӳѪħˣһ˷ܵؿ졣
ĨһѶͷܼ亹Ц㽫ˣҿǵĵҩҪȻûа취
˾ͺáһһʱ䣬˼ѪħҲ̫ûǲſˡ
ӳѪħħأܸǿôҲ֪˼ħʲôӵģһӢһ˷ܵؿ졣
ԣӳ˼ħʲôӣǲǺܴ󣿡
˼ħ˰֪ǳȥʱЩϿʲô飿˶һ˷ܵؿ죬ȴɵ˵춼û˵
ӳôˣؿʲôô
ûлش죬ʶ֮һɨʲôħˣʲôûС
ı飬˸о˲ӥ迴ӳ㲻ὫħҲ˰ɣ
ЦѪħ֣͸ûзħˣĿܽ
ôܣ
ħûˣ
һ²ǰ׵ô
ôûأһʧЩ˸ûɵĿ⿴죬βѡ
ˣҶѪħûħˡȫվɫЩεĽ͵ѪħһѪγɵħЩѪҺܽħˡ
֮ǰҲǣֻôһͷ
ôһʧ˪˵ӣԽʧԽ󣬱ڵˡ
ʵҲʧȻѪħûħˣǧľ޵ȫЦ
Ѫħĵʲôô˶ʱ˷֮ǰ˵ǧľ޵ء


057 Ϊʵһ
Ҳ֪ȫĻ˺ŭŶȫҪһ㣬ֱ̫ˣ㲻֪Ѫħʲôãǻ˵ʲô
ҲŶȫ˰ۡ
ۿŭȫ´ҿƲסеŭйϣϽ͵ȻҲ֪޵ʲôãŽǴȥһؽǵģϾѪħ˴ûм
ҲòְһӢźص
˵ˣħǻɱһֻħ֤ѪħҲһħʱȫ˽ɻȫϸһĨëȻЦ˲ӦǾͲѪħøǡ
ⶫһħʲôãܲôɣһӢЦҿû˵ħҲһѱֵġ
ѱǲܣֻҪ˵ҪǷһӦֵġȫ˵꣬Ц
ԣ˶ͷ϶ð亹վĶɵӣĲ֪ȫ˼ôɱħħ̫࣬Դ½Σ
ѪħΪ߼ħΣҲҪɱģ˷ǧֻѪħڴ½ϣ½¶ûҡ
ȫ䱳˵ĳԣԵʱ˿϶ûֻȥģЩѪħġ˵ǿΪһǧΪһ־ЩӢսƷġ
ϾЩ־øٶ࣬ҲûӰ졣
мӡ콫󳷳Ц߰ɡ
룬ѪƬ̱˵УҶҿѪأΪ֮ǰ˵ѪħѪʱŷġ
ҲصģѪħһܹ°֣ǾԲһȫЦЦߵѪԱߣóһǰһ޵
ۿûѪħ˶һ˷ܵ˹ȥټѪغľ޵˶̲סһ
ҵ죬ôѪҪɱٶа
ЩɲѪ滹вŵرںСȫЦѪħΪħ֮Ϊһ壬Ҫǿɲס
ҪȻħʾͲǶħѪħˡ
ȷʵЩѪ֮źŨѪԴﵽġ˵ͷ֣һʱѪ֮һУ˳н֮С
ֵܣɡȫЩѪȻźܰɷ̫أӰܻܿ߻ħġ
ģû¡ЦЦһŨصɷ˳ƽ壬õ΢΢һ
һ̣һתɷʱ룬Щ壬ڵսһ𣬳Ϊеһݡ
񡣡
ϱһǿϢõվԱߵʤӢɵúһȫĿɿڴؿ
ð죬ŷӦ
ӳʵ
úÿ졣
ͻˣӳͻˣﵽʡ
ÿֲ
ʵԿֲٶ˶ĿɿڴţǿѪеѪʱȫһƬȡ
Ҫ
ȫһ˵ı飬͸оĻճڣһʤӢѧӣѪе
δȶȫֹʤҲȫѧѪеٿѪʱ˫۶ûȡ
ʵ˵̫
ڻֻҪߣûܹܾˡ
ֹǡȫһ𣬳嵽һʤӢԣһץס죬ɽ
ţ⴫ӢķŭɶȫûᣬڶʤӢ
Ȼ׶ȫʲô˼ףȫẦңҲϽеǵ̰æ
һʤӢһɳһ㣬ץ𶪳ɽͬʱĻɴʱȫǸܲô
ΪЩڷѪʤӢѾðһѪɫɷɷǳǿңöȫǶеĪѹ
ЩѹжôĿֲ
һֽӢɽʣˣоͰߡ
ȫٸֹʵҸƴˡȱɽӢ˫ۣףŭĳ˹
ϣղűȥһһ㣬ȫų˽
鷳ˡȫЦһϽһ͵λ˵Ѫеղá


058 Ϊʵ񣨶
ȫҪٸֹӣӲӥ˫ۣгһŨصɷ
ȫɫһ䣬δȵڣԱȿʼѪûͣµ߱ͻȻŤͷ죬ٸҴӣӻ
񱩵ĳӥͻȻһ㶣ǳߣֶԷ˫۳죬оǿ񱩵ɱ¾֮ȫһ˿־Ѫ⡣
˾һͷʧȥǵҰһ㡣
ڸо
ãѪеɷ̫أӰ쵽ҵôȥȫҪֻ֪ɱ¾ĻɫһףڷԼı仯ĸаɣϽ£תѹӰɷ
첻ǵ۹ѧԺĽӣԱӥضˣѧԺ֮ȥӥѧԺһԿ
ʱǾӢѧһĺǳ⣬һӱоԾʱ㷢ڵı仯
ľٶһ΢һܵڣصľӢʱҲϽѧ͵ѹڵɷ
ţһЩӰ첻ǺصľӢҲڱ仯ȫ͵мƢľӢվǵľٶƺȥѪ
Ȼ⼸ܵӰ춼ˡ
ֹǡȫһͺȣǼ绢һ˹ȥǼӢ뷴ɵȫʵȫ֮ʵʵЩһʸûзȫǸץסˡ
ζȫûнٶȥֱսڵսסȻܹȥѪҪľӢץ𣬽סս
ʶһ˼飬ȫ˶ɫ䣬յѪ̫࣬һʵѾﵽʣһǴﵽʣ˳ԾǣǴﵽʵ˾Ȼ
ͬʱĻпֲɷЩɷһǵڣʶȥʱ˵ʶѾȫһźɫɷܽЩɷò˶ñΪûʶɱ¾
ã˻ЩͻȻһУȫɫ䣬תȥ
ڰץʱͻȻôˣͬʱҲֹͣѪе
ˣû°ɣһؿ죬ʱ˫һƬѪ죬ҲһŨصɷ˻δȫһƬ䣬ʵǴﵽ˰˵۷塣
е£ⲻ󡣡ɨһǰǶʤӢüͷһ壬ô£ôôŨصɷ
㡣ŭǿѪеʵѸȫֹС
ɫһ䣬嵽һǰ˫һƬѪ죬ĿоɱѾʧȥʶ
īڵһħսʱʧȥһֱӢͬʱҲǵһȥѪˡ
һתһսעī壬ֱʶ֮ȥһ·֮еɷ˲䱻ݻ١
սʶʱȴɷǿֵ
Ȼ֪Цһսˮһī壬һЩɷ㱻ѹƣҪȫȴס
ҲһΪʱīѾָǡ
Сһ㡣īļԱߵ˹ȥ
лӳīһĨмǷĵĸм
Ҳûоסջ󣬶ǳī֮⣬յһˣʵҲһӱǵʣīҲò˶١
ףһ鵽壬췢ϵɷһʧ֣ȻһɫʯͷЩɷˡ
ʯͷʶǵӥ۹սǿʯͷ
Ȼ֪ʯͷڣ̫⣬컹עһսڵɷѹסָʶ
ʯͷúñ档ļһӢɱȥ
лӳһл䣬ıԿȫĵġ
յһӢǰֻûӢɫͻȻһ䣬ŤͷһɽڣŶȫǵȥ
ǡű㴫һʹʱæŰＸѹڵɷûоȥЩ
Ҫ֪ЩɷÿЩӢ֮ͣһ룬ǵľͻܵһӰ죬ⲻӰ쵽ԺĳɾͣӰ쵽ǵԡ
Ȼհ˽ڵɷѹס˵ŰæһӰɽ


059 
һСС۾ⳤһʣһȱ㿴죬ͫһʱͣ
ûھʱĿûڶһɨڵЩʤӢͣ˲䣬㿴Ѫء
ЩڵѪˮɷС۾ɫһףһĨֲѪЩ޵ʱ˷ܵĺӳб
һĴ򶷸ΪңƬһ߱˽
Ϊ׵һϴŰ˭һȵ꣬ɢϢԸܵȻһʣҲнıǮ
һȿһ죬ͫһûھ˵죬㽫ĿתѪϡ
Ƕ
ð
ÿֲɷ
ʲôôôһģѪС
껹δڣ߱ޱ𾪵ľ
һĨϲ⣬Ȼ֪ЩʲôܹЩѪˮ֮Уض
ɫ꽫Ŀת죬ص뿪ҳС
û꣬һӢڵɷѹסĵЩɷɣ鲻õġ
Ӣ˵ͷã߶սЩɷ
صͷſ꣬üͷһҵ˵ӥʵ൱򼸸۹֮һ
ԣɫԽĸ߰ü֮ǳ˵⡰Ȼ֪Ǿ͸ϽԼĵ۹鷳
Ѧƾʲô뿪ǴΪǿ󣬾ͿԺаԵȫ˳˹վԣŭꡣ
˵ˣⱾһʵΪ磬ҵʵǿȻԺаԵѦһЦǸʵҲԺаԵ
˵ţ죬Ƶ˵ʣҪҪַֻҪӮǣȻǵġ
Ѧ֣ǳʵ۵Сӣʣʮǲȫ档ȫ촫һеȹҵľӢ
ǵ೬ʮֻʮǾ˶ʣʸǴﵽʮˣղǾǱǸסˡ
ѦΪ˼Ϊ޳ܣǾԲһһƴģһǴǿ϶һӵϡ
üͷһ壬촫ǵʵôôǿôʣҲôࣿ
Ӧ˵ǰõ˵ҩһǰ˵ҩʦȫ֮ǰʱҲʣһʶûС
΢΢ͷһǰ˵ҩʦʦôǵҩǵıһӱǾû⡣
Ҫ֪鵤ĵҩ˵󣬵ҩʦ˵ȴʲô½ϣΪУһʦһҩ
ʦʦ֮ǰ
ʶ΢΢ųϢĽѦ֣췢սȷʵЩ鸡Ƿõҩ֮ϵҪһʱʵ
ҰҲܴ󰡣аԸ̾óʮö鵤ѦʵһֱʣûͼԲôɡ
첻˵ѦϵЦݸŨôãûôѵ˵Ҫ˽Ƕȥ
ͬʱѦаЦ˵ǼϢʤĶҲ˶˵
ӣɫѾ£ʮϢЧһȻѦֵĶУõһٿʱĿж¶һĨɭȻ
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䡱
ȭȭԣѦһҽУӰ߷ɵƤȥͬʱֱͻȻһըȭֱ۵ĳıը
סɱȫϸһĨɱǿϢϱ˾һǣųľӢ˹ȥ
ն
ɱ
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ҲŭѣʱҲе崫һУǷж֢״öǿΪ˿ġ
˭뵽óľӢȻõֶΡ


060 ȫ
ټϸղ汻ԷʮΧеŭĻܵˣһ֣ûһ֣ȫԼǿɱ
ɱ
ѹɷһЩʤӢҲ̲סһһϵɷҲ޷ѹƣһɺ˫ۣȥһħֲ
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ӣס
Ѧֵĸʶ˹⼸Ѧ˹ȥ
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ҿ
ĳһŭһĽãսȥ
䡭
˲һ𣬽ãһսǰʷӦݺݵĺǵϡ

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ղǸȫˣȻȫǶɱɽǲûиųȥ
Ȼǿˣʵǿ̫࣬һõջ񣬳Ҫô룬ҲֵֻС롣


061 ɱɱɱ
Ųһ£Ѿܲˡ
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ɽȥѦͻȻеһĿ䵽ϣȫһŤͷһŵû⡣
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졣
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㣬ɱңǳӣҸĸ۰ңֻҪŹңһҪһС


062 
ȥûе˵꣬һȭӳԴϣԴ顣
ɱɱɱȫɱ⡣һڲϵţѪ˫Ťͷ˾Ӣ
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ʱܷˣ˶ȫ⣬вսʤӢܷһɱħ㣬ԭȫܵɷӰ졣
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ؿŶȫǸȻϵؽкšɱ˫ȭս˫еѪãҲԽŨء
С쵰ҪʲôѵҪ֣ŭӵѵˣսһɱУһѧԺѧϰһô
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064 ʵ
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065 ְ
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068 ޳ܵķǿ
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һ˸࣬ԽԽȥ˫׵ɱۣʧȥǣ˾ɱֱǲֶΡ
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·ǿ֮ǰħĴսˣҲ֮ǰĴսĲС֮£ĺȻֵס
ˡģû뵽Ǿһսʵ֮ǿĺбޱȣڷǿ֮£ֻ
û취Ҫﵽʲôף츳֮⣬ôСԴҲǲȱٵģЩ۹ܹЩм۹
˵Ķм۹ܹﵽѾܲԱ߾ӢĴսʱеƶʱ˲١
ǿ磬ҿǵ¶ˣǻô񣿡ĺЦг˵⡰ʱӲǴ˿飬ҾͲнĺ
ԣһŤͷһԱߵľӢսɫ䣬ղֻŹĺȴԱߵĴս
ۿԼһһ룬˵˫ͨ졣
֣ĺҡףȥľӢɱ⡣
áǿû˿ԥŤףһħ㣬Ӱһһһʷȥ


069 һ̳
ĺɫ䣬ҪϧδǱ͵ˣõòȫֵһҲʧȥ˵ֵǿĻᡣ
ǿһ嵽һԣ㻯ΪһĹâͷȥ
ܵǿֲѹһɫòҰף㣬ϧֻûӽֵָնǿѵĲǰ
ۡ
ãһһʵĶ˲ֹͣǿҲԱߵĹӢ˹ȥ
СġĺĶĹӢߺţʵķŭϮɱĵֵס
ۡ
ǿĽãĹ˾ӢһһɱľӢǽĺ˵ӳҧгݡ
Ƕǿȥɷǿʵʵǽ֡
ò˵ǿĺܱɣĹЩϵʳ֣רָЩһʺ;
Ϊ֪ʣҲɱЩϵʣɱǣпܱĶӳס
ΨоһʵֵסһÿɱһĹһʵ־塣
ӣĹ˱ʮλӢڷǿϣõ˫ļС
ͬʱʳ֣Ĺ˵ľӢֲЩһʣһҪֳľǿԭѹֵǣΪɢѹơ
ھڷǿ޳ܻɱ֮£Ѿȫ䡣
һʱ֮䣬ľԭĹб
ĺɱҵˣҾ֪ҵǿһħףЦЦš
˵֮ʣĺҫһ㣬һһһʵԴˣýĺȫڲ
ǿ޳ܵСˣһΪΪ۵ġĺ
ɣǿһЦұɣ˭ħһսʵʧ֮ʣ͵ϮǵģҲ˼˵ұɣ
ڴۣҷǿδ¹ĺǹ㶨
ĺг˻ںޣ֪ǿ˲ҪǵʵԼֻ֮ʣһ룬ôҲǳ֡
ڷǿ˵Ƿ֮󣬱ø޼ɵɱЩĹһ񿳹вһ㣬ΪɵǣѡЩûжֵĹӢ
ҲѡЩһĹӢרѡЩһһʵĶ֣һһǰƣͻȻȥûжֱӾǱɱ
ЩһʽҶһԭһʵĶֵĹҲֵסҲֻ³
ΪˣĹӳۿ˷ǿҲѧݣ˵һʺ;֡
Ǹնһ˱㱻ˣȻʣɱҲѣҪɱһʣȴ̫ܡ
ͬʱһһʳ֣ȻܹɱһʣһôĬٶȸ͸ϲϷǿɱٶȡ
ɱһʾӢ֮ȴַǿȻɱĹһʣڷŭ֮࣬Ҳ
ӣǿ̫ɣôȥôȥǵ˶ɱˡһӳ̲סĺ
ġĺķŭҲ֪ôȥֻҧˣȫˡ
ĹӢѱǿıֶŪֲͲ㳷ˣĺһ£˺һ׿֣ɽ·ɱȥ
ڲ뵽ôǿ¶֮ɫӰһһɽ֮·һãɨһһɱҲֹЩɽĹӢ
ץסᣬ嵽ǿǰһȥ
ǿȻʣϾ֮ǰһЩˣʵֹҲӲӣֻ㡣
ǿһ㣬·ʱÿˣЩĹӢһɥ֮Ȯ㣬ɽ³ȥ
׷׷һŹǿ´
ɱ
ӢҲʧʹˮĻᣬɽͻһ㣬ĹӢȥ
𡭡
һɽͻȻ֮󣬾һͷը죬õɱһ˫һʧϡ
ʲô
˶ͣ¹ɽ
һɿֲѹɽɢõˣһ̶о˾޴Σգһĸо
ãǿħɽ


070 Ļȸ
ĺͻȻ뵽ʱЩǰر𽻴飬˵Ѻۿռ䣬һЩ߼ħЩѾڵ˰˼
ÿѡвŶ߼ħЩŶɱҲһЩЩŶɱٹ꣬һƴڣһ߼ħֻ·һ
ܡĺû˿ĳɣתɽ·ȥƺҲʲôҲûٹҲŻΪһɽȥ
˸նһڹɽ£˲ǵ
һֻȫĬڣһͷСĺڹȴͷֻ۾һƬѪ죬ɢѪĹâ
Щ΢࣬Ȼű˯ҪͳͳˣԴͷǵ˫ͷȮһͷԣһͷſѪھͶܵһЩҧ˹ȥ
󾪣Ȼ˫ͷȮһƺͨȴоԼֵס
鼱֮£һץԱһǵ۹һʣѪڵ˹ȥ
˫ͷȮһھͽһʽסֻ꼸һʱΪأжûüһ㱻ȥ
𡭡þûгԹôζʳȻֻζ˫ͷȮ˷ܵĴ˶ëȻȫҪɽ·ɱȥ
ζˡ˫ͷȮɫһ㣬˷ܹɫٴЩྫӢҲʳֻҪ࣬ҲǵʵΣһһ½С
Ҳˣĺʵǿ߲ĻᣬЩʵٶľӢȫ˫ͷȮʳ
СУŰ̽Ϣ
ͻȻ֮䣬͵վɫؿɽ
һ̣һĺд˹ʤӢȫ˲վ˳һȻؿɽ
ÿֲʵȻһֻ߼ħһһ߼ħȫһؿֵܣǻǸϽ˰ɣҪȻǹ׷ǿɾ鷳ˡ
һֻ൱ʵħ쿴һۣͻȻһĨЦһ֣ôŹʵ̫ϧ
˷һ˶ɫ䡣
ӳѵħ֣һӢҰǿ۵ħ֮ǰֻɱ۱ôľôܶԸ۵ħ
֮ǰǶԸֻ۵ħȷʵܳǲҪǶǰǡЦߣ˿ɾñȡ
ߡȫҲɣڵʵ֮ǰȷʵǿ˲٣ǻеƣǲ¡
ĻԭһֲҲһȷʵѾǰǣʵħҲһƴϾ컹һʦ
һ˸յɽ£˹ˣһͷ˫ͷȮ׷ɱ˵ľӢ
˫ͷȮȫüͷһ壬һĨɫ˫ͷȮħ֮кܳҲǺǿһ壬űԵĹ߼ħ˵ԳɳΪżħܴﵽʮΪʥһĴڡ
˫ͷȮôʵǿһ㣬൱۶ѣҲûһƴ֮һЦһ̣˵Ѿɽϳ
ȻһĨɫɱһ
ɱҲɣһһֻֻ
ݡ
ãЩֵ˵ľӢû뵽ɽ»ǳ֣ɱһֲգʮ˱ɱ
˭֣ǿǹľӢСǵĵ۹ǵĵ۹һһŵĶ˵
ɻӦȴһȫһ
۷һֲ֮ǹ侫ӢҲû뵽ڱԼ۹֮󣬶Է֡
æ֮лӽٶжȫٶȿ죬ջӳȫѾĲӡ
׳գǼȻ֣ǹıȫǵʬЦһֳ̣һһʡ
ݡ
ãһһԴ׷ɶһȺɱ·Щ˾ӢϽֹҲǰ塣
ǱħȻһʳһ׷
ڵǰǺлĵزãȫһŵͣ£֪ô졣
ӰʤӢħһɱ¾˵ľӢĺŭ죬δ˵һʤӢһȥ
ȥɡ
޸Ϊһ⣬˲ʤӢͷ֮ϣһ̫ͻȻӢֻؿѵԴ
һ˲䣬ǰδеĿֲھӢͷõɫһӱòҰףı۾г


071 ˫ͷȮ
䡭
һڶһ̣ӢһɾϣɳȥþӢֵǣԼȻҲЩʹ࣬Զûдﵽʹࡣ
֣䵽ϣʶȻûʧ
ѵûӢۣԼϲûжصˣʵܵӰ죬Ҫ˵ˡ
ٿղþ޸ĽĺֻǽĺҲԼһɳȥԼɵԶڰ·Ͼ̲ס³һѪ
ղվ֮أһΰӰվǱˣǶӳ졣
ҶҵˣˡĮؿŽĺӰһ缲δȽĺվȣǰһȭ
ĺ󾪣û˿˼ǱܵĻеľ޸ǰȥ
䡭
ȭԣһ˿ĺһƬҶ󵹷ɳȥ
ԭǿǻĺģϾʤӢɱĲĺǵˣǵˡ
ɵǸܵɢĿֲѹ֮ȴǺȻš
˵ֻôôҸоϵϢʻǿ󡣡ǿ˵˻ʱз
֣ÿˣʵԳʣǶԸ˵ġ缱ҲֹʤʵҲǿֲȫʤʱҲδܴùڻ취ȥǡ
ǿŤͷɨһʤˣһۣϱ¶ȼħҪ־ɫôܣʤʵôôǿʾ
ߣǹˡһۣʱŵû⣬ĸаɣϽɽ³ȥ
ˡһȣֵܱΧ˹ȥ
סǣסǡǿĶԼҵӢţʱΪ˻֪ЩӢֵֻ·һҲ˲ôˡ
Щ۹Ӣ֮Ȼ֪ԼУҲֻӲͷƤ³壬û취۹Ķӳӡ
һǸҲùĲǣǵļ塣
ųļˣ¶˳Ц⣬һӣһһʱ㱻ɱ
⼸ֵǰͬգۼ㱻ɱ
ɱ˼ˣԱַˣǵǰ򣬸۹֮Уʵǿľǻ壬˭Ҳ塣
ʤźܴĲͬϾЩ۹вû۹ѧԺȻҲе۹ѧԺܵҿƣǶڵ۹֮⡣
ߣֵɱЩǵĸӢһߣԽĺֺȭ֮󣬽ĺѳΪǿ֮ĩ
Ѫĭ߰ǰѾ޸᲻ˣ죬ҪɱңҿҸΪ۰ĶӣֻҪλȥҾǶ̫ӣɱңҸʲŹġ
㣬һڵĹңʤʵǵֵסҶıүүҲΪң˵ĳϣڵǰҲۡ
ƾôӰЦһһȭڽĺϣֱӸˡ
ǰᵣģʵǶǵ˵·ϸ˵˲ٵ۹ص顣
ֱڣףСʤʵô磬ֻǽʵţûб¶ѡ
һ¶ҲΨܹǿѹƣԣڸ±˵в
Ҵӽĺ˵һҲ϶û˵ôܶʵӣʤʵ˵ʵҲΪֲ
ǰ˶ʤǿ߿ţ㲻ʲôܣĺôӣЩ϶֪
㡭
ĺһףһĵڵϣð춼ûԭ˵ʲôģɸһ죬ɵѪ˳
𡭡һڽĺıŵ£Ӵܣ˵
ֲѹϮĺȻʲôֻ˫ͷȮʲô
뵽Ҫǵ˫ͷȮһĳԽӣĺȫֱǾ޴Ŀ־֮£Ҳܲסˡ
죬٣ȾңҪʲôҶԴӦ㡭
ûĺİ󣬿һԴŽĺˮһԴԼĵ˫ͷȮһƵص𽫣һܣҰ㵲סˣֻá
˫ͷȮǰƺЩһҴ⣬ʵΪʲôҪң


072 ս˫ͷȮ
ͶأΪЧҵңǺЦȥ
˫ͷȮĸ۾˼еⲿ֣üһ
ΪܲħһǲݣǧĹأͻȻһ˲ذ£ɻ
ѵʲôı˵඼սթ˫ͷȮһԴϵѾ̱ĽĺһԴ졣
ð죬ûпκε⡣
һʣһצӶҵҪʲôı˫ͷȮЦ
㲻ܸˣҾһ㡣
ϵ˫ͷȮŹߵĺǰһҧסԴڱȥ𾪵ǣ˫ͷȮȻҲһ츳ǹӾȻʳĴС仯ҭŵ⡣
ԣ¶һĨɲЦһŵ˫ͷȮע֮ʣһöȻû˵¡
𡭡
½ĺ˫ͷȮٴηһ˷ܵĺС
˷֮󣬵˫ͷȮ죬صûˣȥҽЩҺúһ١
𽫴ˣɾΪˣЦħ岻ͬȻҲǿΪ𣬵Ҳǿ٣Ǹҵģ𽫴ȥɡ
ħһȫǿΪ磬߼ħҪԵͼħͼħҲùԹԵ߹͵ǰ
ħ壬ʵûдﵽûеλ͸ūһ㣬ֻдﵽλŻ
൱ͨƽ߼Ϊ൱ھеľ٣˼Ϊ˧żΪʮΪʡ
ЩǶȫ˵ģҲħһŵ˽⡣
ȻҲҵĻ˫ͷȮ׹šǾҵʳɣ
ӴһӰΪһǿľ磬գۼǰѪڶĲӺҧ˹ȥ

һȣ߶飬ʵ˲һۣȭͷǿľ磬ΪһӰŵ˫ͷȮȥ
䡭
˫ͷȮû뵽ᷴû뵽һӦУӴʱ㻯Ϊһߣɳȥ
һֱɳʮף˫ͷȮźȻ£һ˺üͣ£һĨѪҲˡ
ħķȷʵΪǿ󡣡ŵ˫ͷȮȻûܶصˣ찵զ࣬ղһڶ֮£۵ʵʹսҰġ
ۣ࣬˽뱻Ҳˣɵ˫ͷȮȻܵһˡ
𡭡˫ͷȮ췢һŭȻ򱾽֣˵˱Ҫһҧ飬̽˶ӡ
˫һţ˫ͷȮһֻҵ
졣
Ҳʾһȭ˶Ϊһŵ˫ͷȮȥ
ҷȥ˫ͷȮŭһѪִ󿪿һſһޱȵϢһ̣Χ¶ȶ˺ܶࡣ
䡭
һӦ飬ǻȻǱ仯һ룬ɫ䵭һЩȻûбǼǰ
Һãըһ˲䣬Ѿǹɳ˵Զǻ˸գһҲ쵹һ˵˫ͷȮĿֲ
ȥȥ˫ͷȮһУΪ꣬һ죬ǿֲĻһ㣬϶
һֱ³ʮ˫ͷͣ¡
ʮĳ֣ΧĿռһӱȱȣһ¯һ㣬õÿȼ
ÿֲɫһ䣬ۿųһֱߵʮҪɵԼǰĻаɣ˲ʹӰΪһ⣬˲ɳס
ܣŶûС˫ͷȮ¶Ц֮ɫһ̣ʮʱɢΪһ⣬˲ǰ
д󾪣û뵽˫ͷȮȻҲܿԼĹ׷Ŀ꣬һекôһˡ
Һ˫ͷȮڽҪͷͻȻóһУҿɾ鷳ˡ뵽󱳶ð亹
ͬʱʮҲ׷ᡣ
ֵǣ쿴ƺǱȴûоʧԶӣһֱΧŵ˫ͷȮתȦ
ٶȲӦҲܿ죬ΪӹĹ˫ͷȮһʤȯգҲŽŪèһ졣
⡣֮еɫͻȻһ䣬ղһֱæŶȴûעЩĹ켣׷ֻ
ŸɢȻѾԲνΧġ


073 
ܲ˰ɣ˫ͷȮ·ӣĴЦ漴¶֮ɫ֨ЦȻ˺Ҫ㿾ԡ
𡭡
˫ͷȮһΧʮӦһ޴ĻȦһ㣬ѸٵмСƺҪ뽫Ȧһ㡣
Ʒô첢ûк£¶ЦҲ̫Сˣ
һֻ̣˫Ѹٱͷӿգۼ䣬һϰ׵ͷ֮ϡ
ɱ
𡭡
һͳԼһ̣Ӵ廯Ϊһ磬һգۼһŻ֮ǰ
̡
һͺſڣȻö˽ȥ
һĻҲ˵˫ͷȮ֪Χһʱ֮סˣɳһ˲䣬Ϊһ⣬ͷ֮Ϸ
ôܣҵϻôܱǸ̵ˣ˫ͷȮŵŭʱԼȻѾöʧȥϵ
⵽ʲôңʲôôŪģ˫ͷȮ˷һ㣬˫۱ȭͷ۾
֪ԼȥʰɡЦ
ģҪҪʬΡ˫ͷȮŭˣʮϻľ֮һŪ˲佫ϻ̵ԺҲͳЧˡ
콫һн̸ˣԺ˶ᣬ˫ͷȮôȥ
˫ͷȮһѪҲ͵ſһɱ̹ǵĺⱩõԱߵĿ˲䶳˱顣

ӨĹâһ˲䣬ʮСıǰ
𡭡
һŭʮʱɢΧȥ
һɫʮԲһ㣬͸¶ǹɺ⣬һļ¡
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û˿ԥתӣն췢֣ЩΧ˹֮ǰʣµʮһҲΧ˹
ʮɢΧĵطûС
Σֻùʼʩ֮ǰ׼̵򣬸ԼճһƬӴ֮·
ٴЩȥ˫ͷȮ¶ЦĹâһУÿô
ֻ˫ͷȮצǰһӣʱãһȻ˲ɵԶĵطһա
Ķȥɡ
˫ͷȮ¶̵Ĺâһ̣бȫ켤Ƿͬʱȫ񱩵
áһΣյϢУһսע֮С
ػ
ͬʱһȫսγɵĻҲ⣬ȫ
䡭
ʮ˲˲䱬ըһʱ֮䣬мĴ䣬ǿĺ֮£ҲӦΪһɿ񱩵
켸ûзӦ㱻һɿϣγɵĻֽһ˲ܲסˡ
ţ鴫һϳһѺۣ׵Ļˡ
һ̣ЩֺĻս֮ϣսҲֵһ˲䣬Ӧ
໡
ڻս˲䣬ʶΣգ֮һתһǿҵĽһɿֲϵѹ
һ̣ѱһʮ׳
䡭
ϣоԼһ޴ϣǾ޴ҲܲסԶɳȥ
ȫɱ鱬˳ϵ˿ڣһʱ֮䣬һ䣬һȣһɽҽ֮УһǴӻɽ֮ж꺮֮С
棬ΪҲһӱͨ죬պһӱòҰף꺮
ʱǳ׵鵽ʲô졣
Զ׷ɱǿֵܵǿֲɫһ䣬ŤͷһÿϵĻ巨ơ
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ֵһǿתȥ
죬ｻ㣬һȫԻصѾʧһ𲻼Ļˡ
ܣ
Ѫ첻εķǿҲһתΪһɽ·ȥſٶȽ׷Ҳ׷֮ϡ
ϴ󣬱
һͺֻһһɹ϶ǿϢȻһ̣ѱ仯Ϊһֻͷ˫ǵ
໡
ţͬ𣬶ȫȫ밢һ
֮˵ٶȻΪ⣬գۼڵ˫ͷȮΧΧ
ȥ
ͬʱ֣ĸȭͷƿռ䣬ƿŵ˫ͷȮȥ


074 Ҳ
ô£ЩôԱ˫ͷȮż˱ģǾǸܵӵʵе𾪡
ȻʵȻԭһɢϢȴ֮ǰǿ˫ͷȮԿ϶ʱǵʵղǿ˺ܶࡣ
ϾǾ磬кܶء
ħͬһԲħĶ֡
𾪹𾪣˫ͷȮķӦȴһ㲻ֻһſڣһһֱ򰢿Ͱ
ţˣӴһڣȫħֵǰצŰץ˹ȥ
ԭ׵ĺɫβȻ䳤һް㣬֮Ŷȫ˹ȥ
ơ
밢һһ޷ֻҧ߶ȫսһȭͷȥ
䡭
ֻԼֱ۴һɾ˲㴫ȫӦûü㱻ˣӴҲǾ֮£ɳʮףͣ¡
ֱ΢΢زţѪ˳żצµΣ˵ɫҲһĨѪȫѪҴܡ
ͬʱҲľ˫ͷȮʵղһȫھһȴ˫ͷȮ׵Ļ⡣
˸Ͻ߶սڷڵѪѹס
ʱ˫ͷȮҲ˰ǰܵצϵĿֲħɫأΪ֪ƾԼʵ͵ס˫ͷȮһ
Ҹܵ˲һѪ֮ζһǳɣҵζ˫ͷȮŰо̰ﶼ˿ˮ
ۿ˫ֲצӾҪץԼϣоһһͻأĳϡ
ɨǧ
һɨս˲ڵ˫ͷצ˫צ֮ϡ
ʱоԼĽڽһ㣬ͻȻסͬʱһɾ㽫еڸѿһѺۡ
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밢ȣܵ˺Сԭļʱ仯ССµ˫ͷȮ
밢ȣȫ͵ùˡ
˫ͷȮβٶ̫죬̫󣬶ȫӦûзӦ㱻ݺݵĳ鵽ϣ˶ɳȥ
צһðѪ˺ۣ˫ͷȮ˫һӱͨ죬ĿȻƯ˫צ
ͣȵİŵ˫ͷȮɭȫһǻѪ˫צһã˫ͷȮ޵Уղһ㻹ǽˣһ̾ûˡ
ܿ찢ֵղһóʵս˳ҲǸ˫ͷȮͷһСˡ
⻹ǳŵ˫ͷȮ֮ʣҪرעˣԼķô
Ĳճ˿İˣҲϵˡ
ȥ˫ͷȮ׵ŭˣӰһΪһӰ˲ڰǰ˫צŰԴץ˹ȥ
˫ͷȮٶ̫죬쵽ûзӦצѵǰ

ӽǳȭʾûзֶΣֻһԾûж˫ͷȮצӣһ㣬ͷȥ

ŰԴҪ˫ͷȮצӻһһ̣ǿƿֲԴпܱץ飬˶̲ס
һ̣ޱ𾪵һĻˣԴû飬˫ͷȮצӱһ
Ϊͷöϵ˫ͷȮצӣ߼Ӵһ˲䣬ֻͻȻһ⣬ֻһӱޱȵķ
Ȼһ̣˫ͷȮѾԾȴצջȥצӶĶˣѪ˳˰һԴֲ
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Ҵʱ˫ͷȮצӻڰͷϵ˫֮ϣ˶֮ûС
צӣ˫ͷȮһ㣬ȻҲſѪھĲҧ
˫ͷȮһҲΪͷϵ˫Ǵڵ˫ͷȮ˫צ֮ϣ֮ϣΪҪǣһ̽˫ͷȮĸҲֻܽشҧסӣֻ·һ
̳һӣɴ̱Ϸ˫ͷȮĲȥ


075 ǿСȮ
ӶκζﶼҪһܵ˺Ǳµ˫ͷȮԴһԴҲ
һԴʵ󽵣֮⣬ܵش֮ԺҲܽԶֻ߼
ʵΪħУֱ¡
һ˰ˣһܱ۸Ժ̵Ļᶼûˡ
԰һ˫ͷȮӲƴˡ
໡Ѫһţһֱ֮ǰҪ˵ģʱˣֻܽɱ
Σա
һܵ˫ͷȮͻȻһɿֲȣȻûпĻ򣬵Ѿµ˫ͷȮҪʲôˡ
ػ
ǹܡ
ãȻ԰ϱһɫΣγһ⵰ȫǹ⵰棬һΣһԶŵϢҲ֮ɢ
һսԶսʱõĴУǰҲûʲôΣգһֱûʹù
һãһ͸Ĺܣ˫ͷȮ֮֮ϻ˸һЩǣһС۾һ㣬һϼҲǼΪǿ
ػһ֮ǰҲδʹù
Ե˫ͷȮһеǰδеΣһȫʹ˳
ճ֣һԵ˫ͷȮ˳
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һգ۵ĹûУǹϣһǵ˫ͷȮ޶ǿֲĹû˵
Ǹ߼Ҳ˲ӦƣҲСһȦ
ţֻػػΪ˴ķսڰʵǿӲȫҲԲڸ߼
ɼҲֵһ˲ӦƣǻȻûбǱ֮ʼСһ롣
һ̣ݺݵĻڰϣϵĻսҲ˲䱻ĻҲգ飬֮вΪһƬ䡣
ͬʱǻһɽĻаѪƵۼס
ۡ
һѪ԰˵˫ͷȮһǾ޴ĳ֮£岻ܿƵ󵹷ɳȥ
Ǵͷ˫ϵצӣڳܲסɾȻĸ˺ѿ
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˾ʹǵ˫ͷȮҲܲסﺿ˺ð죬Ż
ǼΪĸצӣ˫ͷȮڵѪŭǵŵŵðֱӽǶû
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˫ͷȮĺУ֮гɭȻɱ⣬õԶʤӢȫһ־塣
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˫ͷȮƺ԰֮룬ҲûˣûпһۣŰȥ
շɳʮףҲǵǰ˶֪˫ͷȮʹԼΪǿս˫ͷȮȥ
ϧ˫ͷȮʵǿǶ˵֮ʮǣֱǲԽĺ蹵
ԣ˸ûֵסҲ簢һɳȥ
ӶҲ׵Ľ˫ͷȮǻˣȻͣ£ѪĿ⿴ɭȻȻҾͳȫǡ
ڹһ˫ͷȮڰһĲӰȥ


076 г𱨳ԩԩ
Σգס˶˲ϵˣȫ˹ȥ
ǵٶȱ˫ͷȮ˵̫ˣֻؿ嵽ǰͷצӡ
ţʵҸôҲ˲ٵĴսۼԺ͵ǰǿ˲֪ٱ
ɴʱԵ˫ͷȮǿֲĹҲɫףȫ
ɡ˫ͷȮһ֮г˷֮ɫ⼸˴ôãԼ˺ۣҪɱһˣҲǳһڶ
ƾҲɱҵˣ
һĮ羪һڵ˫ͷȮͷը죬һ̣һſֲѹͷ¡
˫ͷȮһѹǳǿҲܵһЩѹƣоѹƺ񲢲ʵϵģѪ֮ϵѹơ
ˡ
˫ͷȮаĳɣǼҪԴץƵһצӰһź󷽱˶ȥ

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˵֮ʣ˫ͷȮٴηȻûǿ죬ʵΪʲôΪʲôģҸоڵѪ֮ܵѹƣ
˵ȥЩȱɡЦһнӡѸٱ仯һ̣Χռ֮Ȼһ۵Ĺâ
ãѸգۼγһµͼδ˷Ӧǰɫһ䣬һƬ嫵ǿգԼһ˸ǿ֮У߳ǳֻʣԼһˡ
ȫ˿۾һһ۳̾ѣûһ㾪ţΪǶ֪ض첼µ󷨣Լǲµġ
붫ȫǲͬǣ˫ͷȮͻȻ仯ľﾪĪΧ³ü򣬿ɸûһ㷴Ӧ
ģѵǴ˵ʹõ󷨣˫ͷȮһңħ֮ʱЩǰ˵
˵Щޱȣǿɱǰľ仯ԶҲ߲ȥֱ档
ൽ˫ͷȮиΪ֡
ĶҹҪͳͳԽӣƺΪп־壬˫ͷȮ
һûгԹħһħ֮кǳĵ˫ͷȮǺڴǿ֮вϵĻصţǴﴫġ
쵰ҹ˫ͷȮŭſھһı³ЩһƬ̱ʧϵҲûը֮顣
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İɣǴʦбȽϸ߼󷨣Ȼ˫ͷȮȽǿ󣬲٣Ƴȴܡŵصǰ˼ħҲܽ档
ҲѹģΪ˲󷨣Ƿ˺ôľ֮ǰֺõ˫ͷȮԼնȫǱ˫ͷȮȴһֱûг֣Ϊڲô󷨡
˴ľ󷨻׵Ƴ󷨴ʦҲ̫ϸˡ
мӡȫǰһǰһָֻǰһͬСɽͬͬ飬ͬ˵ĵ˫ͷȮԶѾ۹Ӣɱ⣬ߵͬҲһ
öȫޱ𾪵ǣ˫ͷȮףȻ˫ͷȮһԴҲߣǻɢĿԿԼˡ
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ʲôг𱨳ԩԩЩǿսﶪǷֲǵġϳɭȻЦݣһ̣е˫צѾѸٱ仯
ŽӡֶΧ¶Կֲٶգۼ䣬ձƬƣһŤΪצĻ


077 ջ
پ졣
һΪĵͷ˫ͷȮȥ
ͬʱҲʾս׷׳֣ǻ㼯һĿֲܣη塣
ϧһеͷȮֲˣʱȫ󷨽һи֪룬Ը⣬վǰֲˡ
ͷȮܹħлѿռ䣬ȷʵЩ£ȻоһУĸȴܵΣա
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һȻڵ˫ͷȮͷϣֱҪ䵽ͷ֮ʱŸоϧʱѾ벻κεķӦһͷϡ
һûн˫ͷȮɱҲһ˶ѣɻδӦͷֳ˵ڶ⡣
ŵĵ
ĵ꣬ıѩѩǾŸ̫һĽã
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ջ񲻴ͷȻһʮʵˣϸҲͲΪˣҪ֪Щ˿߸۹ľӢ
һ壬ȫǼԴװģƽһһûУ治ж١
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ԣ϶˷֮ɫȻЩսƷװеļУ컹û˵䷽Ҳûг֡
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˵ҾܷһҪ֪Զ֮κһǶϵҲϣΪЩƻա


078 ıһ
ԣҾǱƶһƷ䷽ǰ٣ҲҪЩʵڴװˣ֮ǰַͲƽˡ
Ͼֳָ࣬ȴֻܵõһջǲƽ
һɫһ䣬ϵЦҲ˲ʧˣҲ˵ͷ˼Ҳûдǡ
ð죬ܷͻȻվӳ֪׼ô䣿
ʵͳĶ䡣Խ࣬Է䵽սƷҿѡ죬ҲȨκζ
ĳҪĳһսƷüֵȵƷж˿ͬһƷƷֵߵãȻ䷽ЩսƷ
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˲鿴Χ׽ĺ׼̣Ҳͬ⣬׼Ƚĺǿƴܾʱɱȫˡ


079 ı
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뵽۹ӢµջԼϵװֱ㾲ȥ
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Ȼ˸һָһöҩ˵ǵҩڼʲôζûУҩ˲뾭֮С
˾ѣʱǷԼľ֮ѾһϢ˵Ҳ֪һֶҩ
֣ʲô˼һɱؿ֣˷¶ҩԺɾͱ˿ˣţôܳΪ˵ū
ģûж⡣ɱŵĿ⣬Ц벻뱨𣿡
ҳΪĴ֣롣ЦҲΪ˵ū
ߡǿһͷŤһߣ֡
ᣬҵ˼ˡЦʤ߼ħ˫ͷȮɱˣһûһˣǿʵֿɲǡ
ʲôǰѵ˫ͷȮɱˣ˴ʧɫǵ˫ͷȮжôǿǿǱ˭һ㷴
ǿڵʵĵ˫ͷȮȫ֮£սҲܣôܾͱʤɱˣ


080 ı
ɫһεʤˣǲʵǿµĻǸӳ죬ڵѾﵽʣһһ߼ʦ
˿ֲ츳һɳ򶼽һѣ
ô˵ӳȵüͷһ壬ɻؿ֡
ʤһֱܵ͵Ҳܱ߼۹۹ǣҲǷѵǵʵôֿˣû˻ ʵȻʤʵжǿû֪һֱصúܺãݸϢǵʵҹֵ۹ǿܶ౶
ʲôⲻܡǿͬʱ
ûʲôܵģֻй֮޲ҡҡͷڸԵ۹ĵλҲ֪ʤĵ۹ѧԺһԶսÿ궼ѧõֵջ񡣡
֪길ӱȥģûȥһսʲôȥġǿмص
ˣǸԶսɲһԶսֳҵõϣǸԶսǵħǴ½ཻսΪҵļս֮һ
˵Ϊֹħϵĸ־ͳǧһ̴ذ޹⣬˲£ħˣȻʤˣҲǲʤ˳ϵ߶һս֮С
֮ǴսԹ죬һԶųǿ߷ӡսЩֵƷӡ档
ȻʤռǴԶսǧ꣬ǲûȫÿ궼ֻµѧÿ궼ѧõԶսлԶս֮
Щõѧ۹ѧԺҲʣúܶѧܸмٵõս˶һֳ۹ѧԺΪл
ǧʤ˶ٵû֪Щǵ˶ٸ֣Ҳ֪
ô˵ʤʵȻǿΪʲôǻ˵͵Ϊʲôû۹ǿʱѾ侲˺ܶ࣬˵Ҳ
ʤʵǿ㲻ҪˣһˣЦ˴ǧ꣬һֱʵƿߣ˺뽫ԶսԼƿУֻκУʤһʵ̫ǿʹһֱûеóѡ
ò˵ʤ۹ѧԺ׼ſӮ˺ܶ˵ĺøУ£˺ܶˣЩУ֮У֮Ҳв٣һЩڴ½Ϻպĸ֣ʹҲҶǡ
һʤʾǵǿƣΪάԼĵλҲԲ̣ʱһڣһЩİʤǿ߶ÿڵĽڡ
ͬʱʤʵȫ¶ĸҲеΣΪ˱סԼҿ϶ֶԸʤʱʤΪʸ֮ģǵʵǿҲֹ³Щһֱܵ͵¸½ڡ
⣬ҷʤܻܿڵȴʲôͺڵȴһĻᡣ
ǵʵҪʲô᣿ɫصؿ֣˵Щ飬һ˵ǰҲû̫⣬ֻʤ̫͵ʵ̫ˡ
ھ⵽һ˵ŸеʤĿ֮
˵ãпһҲпһˡʼ磬ҷ½ЩǶһͬĴ㣬֮ǰִ츳ѵ
Щ֮УһĴڣһȺŴ𣬾˵ʤһžͲ٣лǧѼĻ֮֮壬ɸģЩ˵еʣȻʤҫ۵Ĵڡ
ô˵ʤǰѾ֣üͷ
ǵġֵͷʤεĶӳ죬ʵѴʣȴʮ꣬һǸ߼ʦǿ˵ĿֲɳٶȣȴȥʵܹͻƵۣټ󷨣¾ǾҲܡ
Ҫǣֳ˺ǿҰģһɳ򶼽Ϊòðǵĵ۹пܱҲпϣһǲϡ
ǿ˽üͷʤĶȷʵʾ˺ǿҰģǰʤĶԲҹЩǿ۹Ķ顣
˵Ǽǿ۹֯һˡ
ǵʵδɳǿҰģǵȫɳҰĻж
Ҫô翴֣˾ǹ¼ҹˣԼҲˣƽʱһʵӲ
˼ȷ˵ˣڶò󣬾öҩǿҲûá


081 ǰ
ģҲֱƴģǲǵģҲôɵ¡ЦΪһƿߣ˼
ҪǸʲôǿ̲סҲ
Ҫڽʤڴ˵ϢȥֽԼļƻ˵һ飬о˸
һǿԽ۹Ǳڵĵ𣬻ΪǱѩޣֶΪֹЦ
֮ޡǿȭͷɭȻҪйصΪ֮ҪʤѪɺӡ
翴ŷǿüȻһЦؿ
Сɽϣڵص΢΢ۣó飬ʱѾʧϸǲѺۡ
˫ͷȮ̫ǿŻ˫ԹҺ֮ǰ׼粼󷨣һҪֲôһЩ۲С
뵽ղţڻ£Һڼ˫ͷȮʱ͸оǿ󣬱㰵󷨡
˫ͷȮ󷨣ûзСʵǺǿһֱ֮ġ
ҲҺˣҲôͽһʦĶ󷨲óɹ
󷨼ʱ˫ͷȮסĿô׽£Ըһб˫ͬʱըļܣͲǶȫܹܵסġ
Ҫ֪Ҳǵֵһ鶼ˣҲܵˡ
Ǳûڣһ˱صľأжôܣҲֻ֪
ղҲǷ˺öŬŽȫ
ҪСھͺˣСڣҲôΣյ顣ʶĿһϵס
ȻȻϣԸоױǰǿ˲٣ΪС֮УҲʧȥ˺ܶ
һ㲻ıСûСƣҲֵ
Ҳ֪СʲôӡгڴСοѳ£ôöû仯϶ܴ
飬վ˾Ѵӻָ֮ЦЦû뵽ôͻָ˵ò
ϵķǿĵ˶ӳǽˣǻˣҲ̫ˡһӢЦ
һ˶Цˣ϶һƳϵķֻҪʵǿ̫࣬Ƴܡ
ΨĲſƳǵķǵıʵ˼ǲͲˣĻܹźǣЩ뷨ҲûǸʱ䡣
ˣɽȥɣҵҪɽϵʲôȻðһͷ˫ͷȮ˵ţתɽȥ
һ·ϣ˲ûΣգҲûٿһħʱ֮󣬴ڵɽ
ɽ׶Σɽֻһƽ׵С֣֮гӲݣһȽϴĶѨӦЩħȻ֮
ͳӥ˸һ߿ЩɽСһ㡣˵ţīҲһ𡣡
ǡɽֻʣǼ˻档
˵Ӱȫʧɽȫһؿ죬ЦŲ£û뵽ͽЩ߰ȫշˡ
˵ˣҽշǶܴҡҡЦ
Ǻǡ˶ЦˣǵȻ˼һ·ϣȻûж˵ʲôһһˡ
ͬʱҲǶʩһô֪ĺãһֽԼǿʵչֳԼϲַ
ЩӢȻ߰ɵӣȻ׸ĺôͬʱҲףһǻ죬ܿܽǸߡ
ΣصѺۿռУһǿŶӺͶӳôԸⱻء
óӥ˵ɣϴΪȫΪӳһ±ѵ֮˺ܶ࣬Ҳû¡
Ҳ֪еܸߣ㽫ֳӣֱСӳ
νͶұʶȤǰѧԺĵһҲ˵ߵġ
ѧ㣬ôˣͻȻַü֮һɫǺã붫ȫҲһʲôˣ
ûʲôҡҡͷһ£ҾЩķǿǣˣɱ߹һ¿϶ᱻǴ˶֪
Щ۹ÿһʤǶʤǹͶһԵˣγ˴Ŀ϶ưոݡ
һҲǵصʤվңʵΧŹֵȹһֶԸǣǸֵס


082 ռ֮
˲ǹ涨ѡһº󶼲鷳ôڣǲôĵ
ˣҪʤ鷳̫ˣһڶУֻҪѡе顣ϵɫԽŨءǰ˶鲢١
ȻôģǾͺúɣǲȥҲ֪淢顣Цǻʱ䣬ֻҪͻƵۣʱҲԳ
Ҳֻˡ̾һ
¶ǣҪȽǿɱҲˡһĵ
ǲҲΪ˰ôô˵Ҫ־ͿܹˣϮǵ´ġЦ
ɫһ䣬Ͻ͵ˣû˼
ûȰ˵꣬һ֣֪˼˵ʲôãúŬɣֻʵǿˣ˲Ų۸㡣
˵ţһʤӢһѨ֮зǰӳ淢һܴĵعŲħȫļϵħǸ׼̽飬ͱħ赲סˡ
Ŷ˫һߡ
һʵĴɽ֮ϣΰĽÿһɢŹϵϢ͵ϣ˴ɽ
ɽ˼飬Ǳ֮ɽɽɽ£ħĿռѺ֮˴פŴ֣ϵļӹѺۿռķӡԷħ
ʱɽɽһĴ֮Уʮɫڴ˴쳣ѹ֡
Ǳɽ߹߳ϻᣬǲʵվ½۷壬ͬʱÿ˱һ
Ժŵ˵һˣֻҪһţ½öһ
ð죬һλϵĿɨһ±ߵˣλѾǳϿ˵˵ôɣҲ顣
㿴ңҿ㣬û˵
˵߼ˣһ֮ɫ·һ߼ˣüͷһ壬֪ˣϣΪܸʲôۣһҪӹѺۿռ䣬Բø߼ħ
ڴ½ʵѾԶǰһЩ߼ħ½Ψл𡣡
⣬Ǳ֯㹻Щĸ߼ħﻹûлָѺۿռеħгΧˣԲǻָһȫָӦϣǾزסռѺۡ
˵ò͵صͷֿˡ
ϣħ﹥ռѺԽԽǵʵֵסãǱ½Ԯɸֹæһ߳
峤˵öԣǹ⿿ڵʵزסռѺۣ½ĸԮһ߳ҽ²شжĸ߲֪С
ҵĸ½ֻš
˵Ĵͷܿмλ߷ԼĽ飬һֱ˴Լʱ㽫һЩ㶨ˡ
Ͽˣϵصһмгˣȫӹ̿ռѺۣԷħٴν¶ϸ𡣡
ڶ鴫жɸ֧ԮҲ֪壬ϸ𡣡
˴˿ռڵħЩħۼ֮أЩͻƹĸ߼ħпܾЩط峤ϸ𡣡
һ£Ͽ峤ϼ¾ɣϾĵ̣̫ʣҲȫʵ
ǣϡ峤
ԭʮħͻȻǿ˶ԿռѺ۵ĹʹñӡĿռѺԽĲȶԭֻͼħܳĿռѺۣЩ߼ħҲܳ߼ħҲܳ
ǰħôĵͼħΪѪռѺۣô˾żħﶼ˹ռѺ۵ķӡҲܵƻ
Ȼ󲿷ݵħﶼ𣬵ҲһЩħҽѺۿռ䣬ʱҲû̫⣬ΪڿռѺΧ󷨣ϵħԲܳ
û뵽Щħ쳣ĽƻǾȻЩħˣٳ߲õħϵϢжʵ
˾żħܵصˣһЩϢҲһӽɹĳ󷨡
Ҫ˸ѡܶ۹Ӣ˵İ˼ħ֪
ˣǰħ˿ռѺ֮Щּǿ˶ԿռѺ۵ĳÿռѺ۱ԽĲȶǶ뿪


083 ӿ
һƬԭ֮ϣһȺӢæʰսƷȻϼˣлкüˣԣȴûʹ࣬һ˷ܡ
ǵĽ£ħʬ壬ɺѪ涼Ⱦ졣
ӳħ˿󡣡һһȭͷСѪħøһ׳˶ꡣ
ӹħˣ׳˶һЦϳ˷ܣ˼ħ˵Ȼˣ㿴ǰħҲħ˲ÿһǶû⡣
ǰҲֻ˲ħħһӢ̾Ϣһ֮˷ܵصһֻ˵İ˼ħʵȳȥ֮ǲС
ǵȻ׳˶ӵһЦ֮Ľħ˷ŽС
ԭֻ·˻ԭȴһȺħȺħ٣ʵҲǿħʮֻиһֻ˼ħ
ոܵǰ˼ħϢһɵܿǱ㷢֣ǰ˼ħȻˣʵֻܷӳʵ
ǽѡ׼һЩֶ֮㽫Щħȫɱһһû
һӰԶͣ׳˶ԣ˷ܵصӳҸղյһϢǶϷһɽϣ˷һԶż˵вٵĺö
˭˵ģ׳˶üͷһ壬ʵ
˵ʱ͵ģǱ߸ȥǣвյϢĶ鶼ϡӢ˷ܵص
㶼ʲôȫ˵׳˶üͷһ壬ʵԱڴɨսľӢԣȫĿͶ˹
ģ˵ǹʤеȵ۹˶ǴɽϵħˣһعǽɱعΧͷֲٷдʯ
ħ̫࣬Һðһͷ߼ĵ˫ͷȮ˫һսò׽ǵ˫ͷȮɱʤľӢȴ˹
ʤһ˵򼸹Ӣ֣Ӣս˴ˣ˲٣ʤɱһֲ
ҳʤ֮⣬ǰ滹кܶħǵ˫ͷȮļлĻ֮£˲أֻʣǹķǿͶʤ˻˳
˶ʤνǺ֮ǣҲ֪ƾ˵ʵܱԾͽϢɢ˳
߸۹һٶྫӢֻʣˣʵˣʤôĵӣ׳˶ӽüͷɻصǲʤ簡
ӳǽʱ˵ʤʵǿʣ˵ϢġӢݷǿ˵ڵʤʵǳǿǶӳѾﵽʣҲкüʣԱȫڶ֮ϡ
ܡӢδ˵꣬׳˶ӱҡͷŽ£ǣԺǲô
ӳҲδزܡһ߹뿪۹ʱǿĶӳҲʣǿҲʡ
˵õǰǵĵҩ֮£㲻Ҳ۷壬Ҳһǡ
ԣ׳˶üͷһ壬⻰еǵǰܹõҩǣʤЩǰôõҩʤľӢء
Ҫ֪ʤеĸֿһ㲻١
ʱһ˹ɫصӳ㻹ǵһ¶ǰǴϳϢô
׳˶һĨɻǸĳ
ʵͷʱ˵һɽʤľӢȫ𣬶ʱʤǾɽȵһɽУ˵кöʱʤľӢ
ҹʤӢʵܹǵô죬˵ǰøǵĵҩ֮⣬пܵõöˡ
֮ǰҲͷ˵˵õϢܵǸɽȥˣɽȶһѪ֣Ũˣȴкصɷ޷һ˵Ũĵطһĵر
ҳ˵Ǹ޴ĳҲڣֻѾһˣڲһʱ䣬ŴõĶʤδꡣ˵䣬Ŀûȣо̰
ü˼£׳˶ɨһۣǻȵı飬ô˵Ǵʱȥ϶ܵõһЩöˣ
϶
ض
Ȼ
˼о̰֮ɫ
һ£׳˶ҲЩˣ߼ħʤʵǿҪЩħǿ϶ҲҪۣʱóû֡
ðɣȻǾ͹ȥҷ˵ֵܣˣͱ˱ˡ
ӾӢһǿѺۿռĴɢϢ⣬ҲĴɢϢʹòپӢ鶼յϢȫСɽȥ


084 صĵعһ
ھӢĴ£˽ضĶڲǺܴҲ׶࣬ɽǱж죬ɽͽʮףͨ˴໥γһ޴ԹûӢĴ죬п·
ӣҵĴ㴫˹ܿ죬һЩħʬҲС
տʼǵһЩħԽߣħʬԽ࣬󣬼ɽħʬռݣȫ̤ħʬǰ
Ƭ̣ǱǵǰǰħͶļвħ֮࣬Ѩûпͷ
ѩ졣
쿪ڣȫ
ӳ
ӥǰ
˵ѨʲôЩħܻü֡Ц
ǸоﲢѰȻħܶ࣬ҲΪħΪס˶Ĺôһع
عĴԺܾԶ˵ҲϣںʣʮڳģҵĹعпԶŵһżֻǽ걻Щħ﷢ˡ
˿ܣͷ˵òڵϣȻˣ͸ҽħ˸ɾﵽʲô
ǡ
ȥ
˶ȫǵĳ֣ʤӢʵǿɱ֮£ЩħǳƬĵ£ƽٶȱ֮ǰ˺ü
첢ûг֣ɽ֮в鿴
Сȥ콫Ѿħɾͨȫ꣬óۣӦһԶżڵϡ
֮ܿǰǿҵսΪЩʯ֮Ϸ˽ֿۣƳװεģǴɵģÿһɢϢ٣ˣ顣
⣬컹һЩ﷢ĹЩǰʵҲﵽΪǵĹͷ¼ȥûз̫ı仯
ҲΨϸֵĹܴﵽ
֮⣬컹һЩƬȻЩƬѾʧȥ󣬵ɣӲǶмϷĲƬ
ͨռϢȷʵһԶż
ֻΪʲôǵعͲö֪Ҳ棬֪
֣ôôħ쿴ͨħüͷ
ʱѾ˽һʱڶȫϵħ˵ҲǧϣͨͷȻ飬ǻȳһ㡣
ħѾﵱǵĻˣаţѺۿռÿʮѡ֮⣬ƽʱҲ˵
ħﲻݣһ
Ȼÿ궼вħӿռѺܳÿҲвٱɱֻмܹѺۿռ
һħ࣬ͻдĸ߽߽ɱ
ԣħｫﵱǵĲ֮Աⱻ෢֣ɳɱǣҲǿġ
һۿһʱħȫ˵һһɾĵط
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˵ˣÿǿĵ˶ӦԣЩûʲôвħҲ˵ùȥ
תһʱȥ
𡭡ħ֮ͻȻһ޴ţһɿֲħħ֮д
һֻ̣ħɱֻħﻹħÿһֻ൱˾żʵʵ
⼸ֻȫ൱ʵħ
ֻħһ֣ǶȫҲֵס˲ʤӢõöȫǽˡ
Щ߽ħȫ˺󣡡ȫ˼Щ߼ħЩʸûжãڴɽлӰ쵽ͬ顣
ݡ
δ£һƿڶȫĶһֻצħŶȫ˵֮ʣͻȻԣ͵Ϯ
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ԱߵҲ߼ħѹţﲻ
ۿֻŨŨħצӾҪץϣȫͻȻһӰһȭӰһ
䡭
ħצڶȫԴǰִʱȭӰѻϣѪ⡣
ֵܡȫϲؿ졣
£ϽŴҳȥ컰ϣ¶ȫ˫һ䡰ǳɽ
ܵϵأȫɻֵܣⲻǼֻħ߼ĵ˫ͷȮɱˣõǣ


085 صĵع
Ҹо±бȵ˫ͷȮΪǿħĻδ˵꣬ħһɿֲϢ㴫˹
ɫ͵һ䣬һ𣺡ˡ
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ܵеĽȫ֪鲢Լôɣһת˱ɽ߱ȥ
֮ǰħħ˶Ҫˡ
սҰ
һȭͷ֮кһ·൱ھʵħﶼҵֵֻѸٵȥ
ںһ֮Ѹóö󷨣нӡѸٱ仯ЩħڵֵסղһٴλعʱѾɽ֮һ󷨡
첢ûΪ󷨾ɱ˫ͷȮӰһתŶȫȥķȥ
ߣЩħ֮УĶǸ߼ħһƻֻ嵽ǰħͻȻͣ󣬺ħֲԾͣ
ǿɲ֮ǰЩħһ֮к󣬾Ͳٶ
𡭡
󷨵ļֻħһŭһʱ֮ħ﷭׷󷨺ȥͬʱֻħҲĹ
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ףÿһôһоɽҪһ㡣
ǵķ֮£첼õǸҲҡڲϾʱæôʦ󷨣ֻһ߼󷨡

һħﶼͣ˹ֻͷ˫ǣϵϢȫڵ˫ͷȮĶħԺ˹
ֻ߼ħħͬͷϵ˫ǲͨħɫģǵɫ˫ǣ֮⣬ǵ˫ҲǺдϣͨħѪɫ˫۲ͬ
ħһѪͳҪͬѪͳŲͬ츳ħַ֮ͨѪĶħѪ
ν壬ħѪħΪħ֮ʣʵǿȻ˵ˣѪҲΪʵԽǿ
ѪħɾͱħҪߵö࣬Ѫɫ˫ǣɫ˫۱ħѪص㣬ǱΪ壬λԶħҪߵöࡣ
Ȼ֮ҲѪ֮Ũ̶ȶλֱͬѪŨȵı׼ǿ˫Ǻ۾ɫ˫Խ죬˫ԽϣѪҲԽŨλҲԽߡ
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088 ħϹ
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089 ֲĵع
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ħûͣǰɱ
ħ磬һѪǶħٴκһħûзӦǰܣգ۱ʧ
ӳħƺԾһħü
ǿĲħ磬ǻѣѪǶħͫ΢˸ѪĹâ
ֻħ󾪡ôܣôǻħû


091 
ǲħĻ󣬶Ļ󡣡ѪǶħͨͷȻûп죬ȴȻЦ󷨴ʦ˵˵Ķô
ɫ΢䣬ѪǶħܹ󷨣ȷʵʵͬʱҲѲס졣
󷨣ǵʵԸĶħ
˼֮ʣѪǶħٴЦ󷨴ʦѾҷ֣ѵ㻹ô
Էһ˵ҲܲӦͻᱻԷΪˡ
ֻмӡǰĻʧһѪ֮ͨУЩѪ⣬λ߼ħȫͫһһŨصɷϱ
һֻħҪȴѪǶħס
ûԷķŭ쿴ѪǶħЦȷʵҲδͨôһ㲨󷨣ħûһ˵㲻ܹһһ˵󷨣ħ֮еλͰɡ
йϵħ嶼ǰѵϵóֻҶⷽرѣûʲôرݡѪǶħһȻ˵ֻᣬȴ˸ߵ裬ʵ𾪡
˵ȻšǹŲСıҪȻҲݡ
һѪǶħͫһȻ仯һ˲ͱعȥǱ췢֡
࣬㵽ʲô˵˵ǿһѪǶħ¶һĨЦҪʯһЩҩֻҪȥұὫЩ͸㡣
ЦħһֱݣȻȡǵϵĶֻҪɱЩչ黹ǵġ
ˣҲòϣȷʵ֮еţƾʵܹɱǣѪǶħЦ޷ǾһֻҪǲȥ󷨾͸һá
ɱ㣬ɱҲЦֻҪ棬ҾͿȥ֪ͨǿߡ
˵꣬ҲٷϻһתͨȥѪǶħҲû˵ĿȴɭȻɱ
ߡ
ıӰȫʧѪǶħһͺȣת뿪
ӳô죬ڱǸ󷨷һĽ֣ǿɾΣˡһצħһصǵİΣνˣҪʲô⣬½
ӵĻָѵ˽ҪͷֻҪּ죬ӱָܻȫʤʱڡѪǶħʱƻһıؾ֮ء
ĸֶפڿռѺۣȥ֪֣ͨһһҲҪʮ죬㹻ӽȫָֻҪػ⼸ԡ
ڣ͵ĶȫȫΧʵֵܣôˣ
ͼħﶼŪˡɫصص߼ħΪ׵ħʵﵽۣ쳣Ľƻ
콫ղŵ˵һ飬֮࣬Ҳȫ˼
ð죬ˣȻǶħܹ󷨣ô󷨾Ͷûжôˣ⿿ǵʵҪԸǸܣҿǻ֪ͨǿǰɡ
ȻҡҡͷȻҶ󷨲̫˽⣬Ҳ֪һóɹֻҪûκε쳣ʥҲԷ֣Ƕħܹ֣϶ֻħʱֵġ
˵꣬㿴졣
ȷʵħʱ΢Ĳͷ
С쵰Ͳܲôʵ
ǲܵġҡҡͷ֮󣬶΢ĲֻҪǸ֮ˣᷢ֡
ô죬ѵֻܷ⼸ֻħһĲʣֻ߼ħǿְ¶ƴɱҲŲء
⻹ǴãÿζҵȺħ
ܷɫҡҡͷʱ˵ѺۿռħһҲļ٣һźüֻħħǧѺۿռ֮Ǵδй顣
ѪǶħһ۱ϳ󷨣ħݲͣȴأɴ˿ɼ˴Ŵ⣬˵ħʲôı
ڸԸǡɫصصȻҲ˵ҪԷʵ̫ǿҲ̾
ֵܣղ˵ħѪǺɫ۾ȫͻȻʵ
ǵġͷ˫ǲħȫǺɫģǺд죬֮⣬˫ҲѪдϣֻ߼ħҲֻûôԡ


092 ׼
ȷʵһ㡣ȫüͷһء
ô£ʵ
֪ħУѪǺҪϵλδĳɳеĹϵȫڶħ֮УѪΪľҪħʵѪ
ħѪߣǵ˫Ǿͻɺɫ˫۱ɫѪ֮ԽŨɫԽŨ˵ţȫղ˵ȻǼֻħﶼǴѪĶħ
ħ򣬻ѪϡߣݵλҲܸߣ֪ѺۿռɣǾԲܹģʲôش顣
ǿֻħҲɫͻȻ֮ǰ콻ǵֻħó
ΪĸħǵĺɫܵҲûע⣬ڰһóŷ֣ĸħȷʵЩ̫ͬ
ǿһۣȫͷûǴħѪĶħĽǡ
ȷʵ⡣üͷԽĽƾǵʵ⼸ֻħܡ
˶˵һصĵͷ˼
һʱ֮䣬˳˼ž֮С
һͻȻڵˣҪԸǼֻħΨ󷨡
ֻħܹ󷨡ε
ȻҡҡͷղҲ˵ˣѪǶħ֮Է󷨣ΪֻħʱĲûвͷֲˡ
˵ͷûж໰Ŀһֱڰϡ
ô˲һҪôٴʵ
ƺʮϢܹɹ
˾а취عҲôҲֻΨһһֻͨҪǽͨ󷨷Ǿܲȥ
ȻǱȥѸĴ󷨣ȻֻҪ֮УֻѪǶħܷ֣ÿһǱʧһˣǾ͵ʧɾ
ţ˫һɻص֮ǰ֮ǰֵܲǱȥĻᶼûô
ǾòƵİ취Цڲ󷨣ֻҪʶңѷ֣ǸǰҾվǰ󣬾簢˵عô󣬵ҵ󷨽عҿǻ㡣
ǰǻԶ֮УǹҲһ˷ܵص
νƤɵһǶʮˣ࣬ʱ潫޷һ˿Ļᡣ
Ȼ취ܱ鷳ܹ黹һ취
ȥɣղɱħȥʰһ£ҲҪٿһЩ˴ڵɱ󣬽ɽ֮С
ֵܣǸղջһʮһмʮдĵҩʯħöֵ֣ЩྫӢҲЩħȫɱˡȫ콫ղŵջ񱨸һг˼
εջʵ٣ǼʶҲ̲ס˷ܡ
ջ񲻴ЩڴҲҪȽ⼸ֻħٷְɡЩӢҺθɣ㲻ħɱҪɱ⡣
ǶھӢҲҧгݵĵʱǶ뵽Щ˶ڶϮǵ顣
ߵɱ֮ǰ췢ǼֻħҪˣҲûйȥɱϵĻöȫռħˣһԣóʯ
תһȥ
ǰѾһѵҲʮȫø߼ʯƣԱ߻ʧʮ߼ʯ
ǳɶѵĸ߼ʯʤӢƤ߼ʯ˵ǣǼ壬ÿһöҲһó֮ࡣ
۵ĻЩʧܵĸ߼ʯһ£ҲһЩ˽⣬ǶףЩʧܵʯΪڿƷʱƻʯʹʯҲǰ档
ܿʧ˶ĸ߼ʯκһõʤøЩ۸һ߼ʯҲһʮꡣ
ȴֻһҪʧ⡣
ܼҰ̫ܼˡоӢͷͬһ뷨
ͬʱҲ̾ҲֻЩǮ˲˶ʯЩмõó
ЩʧܵʯҲһһ飬ȴô޷ƽʱܿ붨
ΪжЩʯ
ͻȻһп̵һӣһĿ꣬ʯϹãһҲо
Ҷ׼ôˣŤͷˣȻҶԱߣ֪ǲûнȵ֮С
ûˡȫ͵ۣЦ
ҲûˡҲȫۡ


093 ŭ
ãǾţȹȥ˵˵ͷ˿⣬ֲûħӰһɱŵعȥ
һֱߵݽǰ춼ûзһֻħüͷһ壬ɻô£Щħôˣǲ˴ɣ
˼һ£óһ˲ݽǰһɱֻҪħݽضɱ֮С
Ϊ֪һݽȥضħ첢ûмȥǶһܾûʹõ˳ĵĵعȥ
˳ÿֻ̽ҪпĵطӲ̽飬һᱻ˷֡
ںܶʱ䣬ʶ̽Ҫȫ˺ܶ࣬Ҫ֪ʶ̽ҶǸʱţʶһᱻ˷֡
˳˳ݽ£ѸŵعӶȥܿ죬һ΢ĺĶУһֻ൱۵צħڵλþݽ֮¡
ѹЩħûԭţȻƻ¶һĨЦݽǽعıؾ֮·סݽףҲסǡ
һһ㣬ع֮кܿ㣬ħﶼڵعУһػݽ׵צħܷ֣Ѹٸæ
෴ţһܵǻһ·˵ôһʱ䣬צħпܱ
˳ɢƬּ̣΢ĺĶУĵӦѪǶħ߼ħ
ڵλãϴοعĲãӦһʯ֮ǰ
ϴʱҲʯ֮ǰڻʯ֮ǰѵʯʲôüͷһʱ֪ô졣
һֻצħݽ֮£һȥؽ⵽ɲȥ޷ħ
˼Ƭ̣컹Ǿðһԡ
Ӱһ˴ݽȥ֪һצħţߵò죬þٲάҲΪ
ţצħͻȻ˫һѾݽߡ
һĨѪЦ⣬צħħضݽ׿ڣ׼ֻҪһˣ͸һ
໡
ͻȻ֮䣬һͳצħͷצħδӦһɿֲͷ¡
ʲô
צħɫһ䣬Ӱ͵Աһճȥһ̣һղվ֮ء
䡭
һ˲仯Ϊһɿ񱩷籩ȻצħӦܿ죬Ȼ񱩺ϣһ˺üͣ¡
ħǣүү㻹ǹȥٳԼ̰ɣ켫ŵݽϴ
ڵع֮вϻصצħĶУͺڳЦһ㣬һŨصϱ
ĶҪҡצħһݽױ˹ȥ
צͣ¡ԶѪǶħצħľٶɫһ
צħûӦĳЦ֮ٴδħӣĵ̱գүүһץססħø˩סһЬ򲻸ɾûԣ
ҪͣµצħԣĻܵˣ߼ħħ֮Ҳݵλħ壬ħӻЩħ˧ǣҲÿԴ
һ߰˵ܵ˳
Ķץ㣬ҪҳʺצħеһҲ׵ıŭռݣһ磬ݽϷȥ
ɹˡ
¶һĨЦӰһתܡ
Ķһ죬צħצһӣһŨħγɵצĺ󱳱ץ˹ȥ
ơһתһȭһȭͷһݺݵħצһ
һӴʱһ˲צӰҲûӹˣ߾Ϊһɿ
ħӣ㻹߼ʵѹֱħŭϣµٶҲû˿ļգۼ㵽ݽ׾ͷһͷ֮ͨС
ɶıҪƤצħҲһŭһ׷ȥһֻֻݽһӰ
צͣ¡ѪǶħҲ嵽ݽ״צħ׷ȥ㽹ĸе
ɴʱצħѾױ켤ŭʧȥǣĿõǵģһգ۵ĹҲݽס
ݽ׵һ˲䣬һ΢֣õѪǶħɫ䡣
ӳȥצһħ˵ţҪݽ׳ȥ
ˡѪǶħһѽħץסгʧ䡣
ѪǶħ鲻Ծħӳôˣѵצʲô£


094 ʧ
ǻʲô£ѾˣѪǶħҡҡͷŭصǸݽ׾ͷ󷨣ֻҪһݽױ֮УצҵĻʱ¡
ѪǶħߵĻû˵ħﶼɫ䣬Ĳ֪ʲô˼
ӳô죿һħǳǵûϵɴŵô죿
˼һ£ѪǶħصģǵʵǿҪȻͳˣֻҪסݽףǾûа취
˵ţһħţֻҪҪ֣סܶԷ㣬㶼ݽףǾûа취
Ǿ⣬һ£֧Ԯ
ס
жĶħ
ѪǶħֻħֻص˸ղŵʯǰǵɫѿҲأлŭ
ӵӳӳΪһֱ˳˳ˮ˶ûô
ƽʱͳȥƴˡ
ɽ֪Уػӵİȫ໹쳣գ֪ʲôط󷨣͵ȥ
Ķӻָ֮һҪǳƤңҪ֮ءѪǶħԽסצӣɱǡ
ݽ׾ͷ쿴צħɱУǧãɱ飬¶Цݣߵݽ׾ͷʱֺûиħ
ˣЩħȻתˣֻʣһֻħ·
ֹʼʩ·Ķħһֹܸо·ĶħѾҧгݣǲֻݽ׿ڣ²ȥ

ҵȫˣδ˵ݽ׿ڡ
ҲҪҶɱ֮УֻҪͲ⡣ָݽ£Цսӣֻħͷӡ
ǡ
һͷսӿ
˷ƶ
ٻġ
ɨǧ
ɱ

ս죬꣬ͨʵʵǿֲϢõ·ĶѪ˫۶һƬҰס
Σա
ûκεԥӰһŵع֮жܶȥٶȾһ󾢷磬һ
䡭
ǵصս˲伴ȻӦܿ죬ɻǱüսϣϾʤӢǸƹô׶ܵġ
ɶ񡣡
ף˫ؿݽףʵǿ󣬸ղȻ˼սȴûʲôˣȴԵЩǱ
Ӱ嵽ǰѪǶħʵû˰ɣ
ûУǵʵ̫Ʋҵķҧ
û˾ͺãҲµûǵʵȷʵôѪǶħͷҶҪ嶯ֻҪغݽף˺ãôǶС
ס˫ͷ˵ͷ
צҲǧЩѪɫħɱڵصһǸ󷨴ʦ
ǡһצħҲ
ѪǶħһݽףһĨɭȻɱٹӱȫָʱҿǻαĴ
һѪǶħһֻħֻصǸʯǰ
ͣһ֣ʤӢͣ˹졣
ЩħѾ뿪ǵĹΧü룬ʲôʲôʲôʲô
˶Ծؿ졣
˵İ취ܺãħӱ꣬׳嶯һǿ϶ܲҪʱǵ󷨱֮ءЦҽ͵
ԣҲ˼׷׳ʲôĻó
ħǣڹ갡ֻ֪桭
ǧħӣϽүүͷء
ҿħȫȻֻ֪ڹ꣬Ժɴħˡ

ع֮أֻħҧгݣ˫ȭգȫڲеѪһڣ޲óȫˡ
סǵĵ沼󷨾͵ǳȥѪǶħħҷ
צһŭܳΪӵӣҲɵӣһϽĲŭ
Ȼܣ⼸ħȷʵ򵥰쵱˱죬ֳ˼£սݽ档
ӳЩħûﰡȫɻʵֻħûϵħҶܸоʲôط


095 ðһ
ڷҲãݽ׵̫СֻҪվԶһ㣬ǣΨгȥСǺ棬ҪǺЩħҪע÷ҳȥ󡣡
ʲôҪҪһ˳ȥ˴󾪡
ɫصħ屩ԸƣǶֻ棬һڵȴʲôҺֻܿҪǵȵ׵ĶԸǡ
ǲܸʱ䡣Ψгȥƣ׽ɱ
ˣЩħĸǺ㲼ҪʮϢңǿ϶ֵᷢģʱΣˡ
ڱðһˡǷģһһ˻ˡ
ʼɡ
˳£һļᶨȶȫˣֵҲˣӴã֪˵Ѹı䡣
ǵĴͷҲɣΪϺö˷ֳ˼СӣʹúԲ׼ֹͣ
Сһ㡣˫ۺؿ죬Ͼǵ֮ɫ
ģҲ¡˵ͷӰһݽ³ȥ
ݽ׾ͷЩսĿϣʶ֮糱ˮһӿ£׼õ΢΢һףʶ֮£ܷȥ
ô£ЩڸʲôѪǶħߣһصؿݽ״
ϧʱսϺ֮£һɹɿϵسܣõΧĿռ䶼Ťټ籩赲߸Ϳݽߵ
ΪռŤʶҲ̽鲻ߣѪǶħ˰죬ҲûŪʲô˼
ɢһ֣ȫȫѪǶħһ£ʣµɢʰԲνݽ״Χ
ʹݽ뿪ʮ׵ľ룬Ϊ˷ֹս
ʱһȥȻûֹͣѪǶħɫҲԽأ벻ףֲɵӣ֪ԸԼôҪأⲻ˷սô
ƻһıڽҪʱ̣Բܳ¡ѪǶħ˼£ݽ״˹ȥ
䡭
ڼһըһ㣬ϵݽ£ò˵عĺܽʵЩ֪ʵ˶ٱ
ȫǿȫʸ֣ٸս¾ϵĸҲˣɵعȻûһ𻵡
ʤӢǵսͺûһɱڷ̻һ㡣
񡭡
һɰħѪǶħϱȫţų͵ݽȥ
ʮףʮףʮס
ѪǶħһ߽Щ񱩵ϵħʱɱ㱻ħֵûܸһ˺
ãڲ󷨡
ѪǶħߵʮʱӰԼĳĿ֮Уõɫ䣬һɿ磬˹ȥҲЩս
ݽ֮£ͷ󺹣нӡϵı仯ţ۸Ϳ壬ͷ֮Ͽӿʶ֮Ǳ֮ǰ͵õΧĿռ䶼ϡ
ģռ䲻ȶҳ壬²Ȼ֮ѡּΣȻ֮ǰ׼²Բôס
ôû뵽Ȼ֮ѣƽʱʮ
ԭʮϢܽúãڶʮϢȥ󷨻ûгɹĵʶ֮Ҳƽʱ
ôһʱ䣬ʶ֮Ѿĵһ롣
н֮ʣһֲϢԶõɫ͵һ䡰ãˡ
뵽֮ǰ˫ͷȮĿֲҳѪǶħΪǿɫһ䣬޲תӡ
һ뵽ڲõ󷨣ʱϾҪɹˣ˷һ
α¶Ŀ꣬ħضӱҲĻᡣ
ˡ˲˾ӳѪǶħȫ
ݽ֮ϣȫǽؿ죬һס˫ȭϾǽ뵣ǡ
ôûã˵ʮϢܳɹô̲סʳ
ʮϢƽʱȫҡҡͷȻҲ̫󷨣Ҳ֪ʱҪʶﵽָĵص㣬սӡûкҲȥ
ǲϵغ·ÿռ䲻ȣ䣬ضӰսӡĽϡ
Ǿôͣ


096 
Уһͣ£ֵͻᱻЩħ﷢֡ȫҡҡͷʵҲ֪ɴʱȫڵ죬˷硣
ô죿תôһֱ棬ױЩħ﷢ֵġ
Ҳûа취ȫδ˵꣬ɫ͵һ䣺ãֵܱˡ
һ¿̣ȫ߶ڵѪȫһΪ·˹ȥ

Ŷȫֵ֮ҲȫһΪΪ⣬ȥ
ҲһҪ˳ȥȴʱסˡȥǵʵȥֻܳΪǵ׸
ѵǾֻ￴ţŴ۾죬˫֮ͫѱ⡣
Ȼᡣ˵ţʤ˴ȫ֣ѪǶħȥ
ûгǿӿսȴӦ
ָӲǺõģϧѪǶħٶ̫죬˴󲿷ݵĹʣµļܸκε˺
ͣ֡
Ҳʶ˫Ĳ࣬ôͣ£ֹ˶ħĿӰ쵽첼󷨣ͣ£쾡콫󷨲óɹ
ħٶȾ磬ͣºʧȥһ֮գ㵽ǰ
Ķȥħצһӣһצͷץ˹ȥûƾצӺԼԴȫĵĲŴ
צԽԽǼƿõͷƤһ飬ۿ͵ͷͺûвһ㡣

һӴӰͻȻǰ
ơ
ȫһצצץȥһ̣һ޴ĺȫӴӰȻɳȥץצҲ
䡭
צɢɢ죬ǿĳ֮£ҡ˺ü£һĨѪ
ȻûܵӰ죬нӡڲϵı仯š
ѪǶħŶȫΪΣǰȻͣ£ʧķһ㣬վ￴ŶȫϵĽšôܣôܣ
ӳôˣ⼸ֻħҲ˹ȥѪǶħ鲻ԾϽѯʡ
ȫһѪǶħʱعȫɱǣβǶ죬ǶԶȫɱϧһмɱ£ѻΪһ磬Ŷȫ˹ȥ
ֻħȻ֪ѪǶħΪʲôͻȻҪɱȫȴ֣ȫϸһĪѹǲʵϵѹѪѹ
ͺħǣ־塣
ֻħҲôʱȫǵвƺҲ죬Ŷȫ˹ȥɱ
ֻۼħԼǹɿֲѹõöȫ̷֮һ㣬ûޱȣֻܿų嵽ǰѪǶħ嵽Լǰȴ

ɨǧ
ֵȻڶȫǰ밢ֱӾǿսѪǶħȥӰһһѽȫ

ѪǶħǰӰ΢ķŻֻצսȥ
䡭
ɨǧĽã˲䱻ץţľŸ̫Ҳһ㣬ѪǶħצϱ
˼ѪǶħͶ̲סһֵܸԵĶȫѸٺˣһֱ˵ǰͣ¡
ôܣôܣôܳôࣿѪǶħŶȫĸôֲһ㡣
ɱһҪɱҪϧһд۽ɱˣǱؽħ޴ѡѪǶħʧķ裬һŶȫٴɱ˹ȥ
סǣϧһдۡ
ȫһŭһȣѪǶħȥ
ɱֵҲɣ涫ȫԣÿһһضɽҡ
˫磬գ۱
ȥѪǶħһŭ˫צŶȫ밢ץȥ

ȫҲʾצѪǶħץ˹ȥ

ֻħҲצŰ밢ץȥ
ʱ붫ȫҪӦѪǶħչ˲밢ͰӦҲԭϮѪǶħצһתŶצץȥ
ϧԷˣֻˣһֻħצȴ˿ɵۿ򰢷Դץ˹ȥ
䡭ȫ밢ѪǶħצӺһצһԣһɿֲ˳ֱ۳˵塣


097 󷨳
񡭡
̫ǿѾ˶ȫֱ۵ĳܷΧֱϵļۼըѪ죬ͷ˶
һ̣ǹɳѾ嵽ǵ࣬洫һõǵѪɳȥ
ȫ˸ձɣţ밢צħħһ
˱ȶȫҪ˵ö࣬ǵĶҪѪǶħ٣ȻһҲǵˣ𶫷ȫȴҪöࡣ
ȻⲢʾǾûΣգ෴ǵΣձȶȫ˸ǰɳȥͬʱֻħצѾͷ
ûֻܿצвϷŴ
ۿ䣬ȫͰ˫գó죬ȫ죬ɴʱȫûˣĻȥȰ
Ҫɱֵܱɱħħ塣һħףǳ֮£ϵƬ۶ƺŤˡ
ɱɱѪǶħӰĻڲɱǣԺؽΪħѵԴͷ
ȥɡħ˫ɢѪĹâϸǳ˷ܣɱ¾ĿУֿѪԴġ
ݡ
צ밢Դֻв幫ʱһƬĽãһ֡
䡭
ȫãڶħϣǶħҲ޷ǰһǺ֮£ھôһ˲䣬밢ľףҲʧȥɱĻᡣ
ô밢˿ٵĳ嵽ǰǰ˵ܹȥɼ֮ĸж
ˡЩ˻ƣŰȵõҩ
ˡǺһЦȷʵûΣգһ
ղȷʵˣȻΪߣսɱ꣬ͼ浱ٵԼʱЩ¡
ҲԼֵܣҲӼͶչмѣֳһ̵ĴˣҲЩһֵܡ
˵ˣͶȫ˺ܶ࣬Ͼϵֻצħ൱ۣȫǶϵѪǶħǿ൱ۡ

һӰڰǰΪ
ôˣȫɫһ䣬Ͻ뿪⼸ֻħﲻǿԶԸġ
֣ض˵ʱֵܾ˵һ壬ǰƴȴֻ֮ܶУܲˣԸһսҡҡͷģҶԸҲûǿǡ
ȫҪ˵ȴҡҡͷ㲻ض˵ǸϽ˰ɡ
ϣҲᶫȫһŤͷٴγѪǶħȻǹɿֲѹõѣȴûһη塣
ֵǣסǣӳȡʱ䡣
ɱ
һ뻤ս߶£Щħ˹ȥ
ɼΣʵȴز㣬һħӴ㱻ȫɳȥ
䡭
˾ͱ߷ɵСʯӣ׷׵ɳȥҺŷЩʵĸֳȻ˲ᣬܹûгϵķִ֮£϶ǻٵˣ֪жҪ۵õѪ
ɱȫɱѪǶħǵһصʤӢδ£һȵŶȫ˹ȥ
ųĶħȫһԵ죬ԿЦֵܣɵÿ㣬ǵСûˡ
ˡһֱ°㱻ɱʱδ˿ͻȻŶȫһЦ
һֻ̣һͺԷ٣
ˡһͻȻ˶һ̣һͼ³֣Χһӱȣ˾˻¯һ㡣
񡭡
һɫĻðŵɫһ䡣
صģڣ˲ǡǵĮ˵Ķһ
ţǵͷҲͻȻȼһŵɫĻ棬ЩڰգҹĹһĻ棬ӢǶͷð亹
̫ˡ
󷨴ʦѾ󷨲꣬ˡΧĹ仯ѪǶħɫһ䣬к˾Ҫȥ
ǵնЩɫ㻯ΪһɫãǺ
̫࣬Ȼħƾʵٵ䣬ȻŲٻ˵ϡ
СÿһһûãħѪΨѪǶħǿֵš


098 дս
㵲סô
¶һĨЦнӡı仯ЩħѸٻ㼯ǵĽγһƬQ
񡭡
𣬼ħӦûӦ㱻Щɡ
䡭֮вϴ֮Щˮһ㣬һһ֤ħﻹδģš

һ㶼нӡٶȱ仯Ǵ¶͵һ˲ﵽղŵʮ
֮дħĲҽУټΧǹ˸оΧɭɭģͬ鿿˿ܵ˶ȫм䣬ͺйҪܳһ㡣
ʵһӦҪܵߵģǵڿ󷨣´ŵܵΪϤ붫ȫߡ
ʱһȥеĲҽҲԽԽСȫʧ
ա
һͺȣһͻأʧΧһжָֻʣöѪɫħ˺ͼħǡ
ˣȫһ͵Ŀ졣
ȻЦ
󷨹Ȼ̬ôԷһжӲһ׾پͽɱˡһɥҡҡͷѹʦڴ½ϵλôߡ
Ҳ޵СЦԷ󷨣󷨾͸ûһãøղ˵Ҫƴ赲Ҹûʱ䲼󷨣ҶԷҪΪɱǣҲ֮С
û޵еĴڣκζгþж̴ЦЦһع򹥻Һܹյ˲ܹ࣬ﵽ̶ȵĸѵһûߵ֮ˡ
ǺǡЦЦκζԽǿյ˱ضԽ٣ع˶ģͲˡ
ǰ콫ϵħħǼߵǰǷôľŽɱˣ⼸ûȥ
ǡҲɣħħȫ
Щļֵڴ½ϿǷǳ󡣡ͻȻÿһһļֵ
ô󣿡һԾؿҲȫ
Ȼﵽ߼ĶħǼӲޱȣƳõģƳм
֮⣬½Ϻܶ˶ϲչЩһװΣʾԼħĴУжħǣǿһϵ
⼸ֻħǻǴħѪͳĶħǣͱͨħǸΪӲȫмҴħѪͳĶħѾǧûڴ½ϳֹϡΪֵҪüȥһмû⡣
ЩϢô֪ģʵǰɴû˵
ɺ˵ģƹ̻֮󣬶Դ½ϵЩϡƷرעоͰħǡҡҡͷħֻĸռѺ۴У࣬ԭɺҲ뷷ģϧЩǱֻҪõת־׬ЩȨȫˡ
Ƽʤһ½˵ʲô㣬˼Ҷ࿴һۣɺڱǿҲò
֣Ͳ˼ˣ֪ⶫôߵļֵô˵Ҫֵǻȫյ鶼ʣ֮ǰҲɱ˲ħһʧӴ۾һӣ橶ֻǰ΢һ£ʱѾܾˣһʱûεЦҪǽֵܽħһû뵽أ
ħǣɻʲôֵǮʵ֪ĸϽ˵˷ˣҪ󻯡
Щ߼ħצ˵ҲȥƷ룬ҾͲ֪ˡ
˶ħצӾ͹ˡЦǵʵȵѡһջ١
жӳ󷨣µѡħﶼɱˡЦ
ǺǡҲȫЦˡ
ˣ϶ˣϽָϵЦͻȻһصصһܻһս
ʲô˴󾪣ħﲻǶɱô
ȷʵʱȻڵعıԵعȷһĿȻûһ
ѵЩʯ棿ȫüͷ졣
Ҳ̫£ЩʯʲôҲֻǲ²ѡЦδȻ
ʵ˵ܻսʲôδȻղЩħ˵ĻᵽڻָҪ֮ʱ


099 Ů
仰컳ɣνڻָеӺܾܿĳʯ֮пܾѪǶħһŵǸʯš
ʱһսʤҲ̫ţǺúһʤϲá
ԭһҲٷϻȫ
ϵ˲ã°ͺ۵ģɡߵǰղΪ赲ħצħݺݵĻץһϵⶼץһ顣
Ϊ˿ڴţһֱû˼ֻĵĺŪһҩѪֹסһȫ䵽С
㡭һ죬һĨɬϣĻδ˵óһƿҩ·
ܣȴʱģǲ֪ġ
ҡͷҿ죬˵ҲýͰͣĻǵС
ҿѧܣʲô˼ġЦԺ޲ҾΪѵȢ㡣
쵰ŭԼˣ˿ڳ۵
һһѽס㿴ôôע⡣
챧ڻУȫһһ̣ƺϵ˿ڶˣɬõĲӶˡ
ûע⵽Щæ·⿪¶һѪ͸ĺǶǻļֻԭӦðѩļʱȴһĨϼ
еǰ⣬ǱĴ֣ȫһϽͷĻУٿٷһ
첢ûע⵽ı仯ʱעȫزӦزϱһצϡ
ԭƽļһצۣһָôһⲻټֻʣɺɭɭĹͷ
ǣȻ±˿Ȼ˿϶ҩ
ʱΪղ˵ѾõԭֹסѪ˿Ѫ
Ѿͷô˴⣬˿ڣԺضһ˺ۡŭصһۣܵĿ⣬ͷøˣҷ
ŵ㣬ҵȰ㽫˿һ¡
ţŵӦһ
óһѷССĵİ˿һ£ĵʹõȫ΢΢زȴûзһ
ðΣŰ˿ɾȻ½ҩˣó˿ڰãһƯĺᡣ
ˣ˿Ѿã֤ȫ֮󲻻һ˰̡ЦŶϵ·ȫѪҪҪҰ㻻ˣ
ҪϽĻĽ·ץסɫһ졣
ǿɰģһЦõŭӡ
ˣ㻻·ɡмӡұ֤û͵£ͻأʧǰ
쵰һС쵰ʧĵطŭ˼ʶΧ̽˼Ȧûз죬ԥ˺ð졣
Ĵ֮УһжӲУԼ·ȻӲС
ɲ·ѾòźܶѪϺܡ
˺þãջһҧϵ·£ȻĶǶҲһ£ʱ쳣ĸӡ
һߵԱ͵һڴ͵
ҲףԲ͵ȻӴһ꣬һ˽ġ
ٴӸղŰ˿ʱûκεĲٶղûǸʵ壬Ҳ˵ʲô
ȻⲢ˵һŮˣΪ˿ھ֮£˵ϣڰ˿ʱȫԳûһȻ˵Сʧ
ɸղûôеע˿ϣһͿԿƷԡ
㻹أûпˡаԵĸˣͬʱһʧ䣬ʲôԼǷ֮أѵΪ㡣
Ů˵ʱôӣЩʲôԼ
ʱɲ֪룬ʵȻָûжһ
ȻⲢ˵жô˾ӣңΪʱȫѪǶħ˵ϡ
ѪǶħ߼߽׵Ķħӣӵʵ϶ǿǶѪǶħѰ취뾡
ϱĶħʲô
СҪˣĻ˼ȥŮ֮¡
ʱҪָֻдﵽȫʤʱпһƴ֮ӣֻ·һ


100 ħ
ת۰ȥ
ָе˫͵һ˿Աˣִһ޸֮УҲûдǣվ˴
ڵع֮һȦعܴ󣬺ףܿԶĳӼѵ֮أΪһЩѵȳĽӡ
⣬ڵعһߣĸʯţʯϷֱùд⡢⡢ҩ;ؿ⣬֮ӦһȫˣǱͬżֻ֪ⷿʲôԭˡ
СĵߵӴֵʯǰһ£һЩûĻ֮⣬ʲôûʣ¡
ߵ;ؿǰ棬ʯŶƿҲֻһЩɢŹϢĻܣؿ沼ۣʯͻˡ
ֻʣҩ⣬ȴûȥƣΪ֮ǰѪǶħǼһֱʯ֮ǰ
˼£óƬ̱ʯǰһɱ
ֵܣʲô֣ȫ˹ﲼôһסעΧ
ΪҶףԲﲼ󣬱Ƿʲô
ʯ֮ʲôûУʯҾЩס콫꣬˵ղǼ߼ħҲһֱʯ֮ǰ
ô˵ʯźӦʲôǼ߼ħﲻһֱȫ£ʤӢѸٷɢʯΧ
ء˰˰ֵſڲɱ¾ǰ˼ħҲᱻ棬ձɱ
ԣս»صȫͨһսڴҵĬѾǳĸˡ
ֵܣʲôȫصĿ졣
ӦһħһһħӡһЦҲѶʣ½֮Уʯǰʯơ
šüͷһ壬Ȼûƶٴμ˼־ʯŻ򿪡
ʯҲСףŵĶһЩܣʯмһɢǿļ̨̨ϣһѪɫ˫ǵĶħ㾲档
ܵħǺ嫵Ϣɫһ䣬Ϣֻа˼ħһǶ˼ħͷų
Ƭ֮췢֣ϢȻǿȴһɺĸоȻ˶ħ֮ǰ˲ˣֻʵ
һһֻħ첢塣
ɡתղŲõжʱ¶һɫ·˳źɫ߹
ûгɣһʯ֮С
ɢļ̨˶ɫһݣǸܵǼ̨϶ħɢϢɫ÷ס
ǿûô̬ĸֻ֪ܸܵǶħǿϢȴ޷ܵ㡣
ӳǶħİɣһӢСĵʵȻǽȻẦǣΪǶħġ
ǻŵġһɫһӱòҰףӰһ£תͷӵĳ嶯
ģħ˺صˣҲ൱Ц
˿ŷ֣͸ղôһ˲䣬ǵ·亹͸
̫ûϢˣӳǶԼȻᱻųжôһ뷨
˵Ǽ̨ϵĶħֻ൱˵һӴһΧż̨ת
̨ߣֻ߳һңԲΣֱŰңǶħڼ̨мһԴϸоϢֳԵ֮ǰѪǶħ̸һΪ
һ˫˺죬ѪȾһӦħһеֱϵԱˡȫüͷ֣ħʵֱϵԱô
һħʵӡħ彫һŪȻشıֻǲ֪ıʲô
뿪Ǳôˡȫ졣
Ӧõġͷ
ӳ㿴̨ϺöྦྷʯÿһŶɢžԲڸ߼ʯһӢָŶħΧ
ЩŵرٶȾԲ֮ǰѪЦǸħӾǿЩŵرеָơ
ô󡣡˫۶ʱð̹⣬һӢ̲סһžʯץ˹ȥ
Ҫһϧһ㣬ӢѾץǿűʯ֮ϡ
һ̨̣ϵĶħ˫͵צžӢץ˹ȥ
һŭһȭצӱȥ
䡭צȭͷһû뵽ǣħצ˲㽫ȭͷϵĻսƳ


101 ¶
áɫ͵һ䣬Ѹٽһ͵ȥһĨѪҲ˳
ݡȻ̫죬ʤӢҲ˲䷴ӦԼ߶սŶħΧ˹ȥ
ħؿһ۸ղץʯľӢȻĿһתЩѾɱˡ
ǵıѾ¶ԹԾܣʸһЩۣܻӵ
ԣħͫһ죬ðΣʵô֪ӣЩģ
͸߹㣬ǵıѾ¶ѲʲôܡЩǶģʲôûиǣΪ˺λ㣬ȫսˡ
ħû˵˫˸⣬Ӧ˼⡣
һħͻȻ¶ЦݣˣҵĻȷʵսˣҲûиҵҲ֪ħļƻ
ղô˵ȫҵĻҵĿ֪ǵļƻ
һȴһЦ棬ǲ֪ļƻô֪ħӣ
֪ҵݲ˵ʲôͷϵѪɫ˫ǣħʱǹݵɵȴǱ¶ݵڣ㿴ҵѪɫ˫ǲ³ݺħЦ֪ǵļƻľͲЩ꾫Ӣ
ûв´ӦЩǰྫӢֻɵֵǣƾǵʵôܽҵļȫɱˣ֪ܷң
ȷʵܴҵ͹㡣֪ҲƭħӣҲϻֱӵȻôŴʱǵľ
ƻȻתƻ⣬ôҵĻɱģҵСһˡħЦôаң
Ȼǰ˼۷ʵϧֻܷӳʵЦÿһ˶൱ʵʮˣҪҪѶľô
ħûһţһЦǶħ廹ǲ˽⣬Ҹ϶д˽룬ǵļƻûб֪
üͷһ壬ħ޿ֵӣоȻЩûףԵѵħʲôֶΣ
Ȼ㲻ʶôǾͱҲ첻ħӶ£ȭһգŶħӱȥ
ղŲųһȻħЦһҲʾһצӳֱϮȭͷȥ
䡭
צȭཻ֮ǰһħӵצһӴȭͷĻսױ㱻צӻơ
ҺзʱȭűⱻǷצ˵
ͬʱһŶħȥħҲʾ̧ȣҲ˹ȥ
䡭
Žԣͬʱˣޱ𾪵ǣȻȶħӶ˳벽
צӾȻܹƳսɫޱصؿŶħӣսߵ֮һǰɴû˵ħܹƳĻսħ취ܹ׵ƳĻս߶ϣҪԴ
ѾԹΣţԡħһЦţ˵䣬˻צӣͺҫһ㡣
ƳսѣʲôԵõģϸһĨмһ̣һԾ
սҰ
ȭӰ磬һȭͷ֮һգۼ㵽ħӵǰ
ǣ
Ϯħɫһ䣬Ӱ͵һˣۿҪܹϮȴͻȻһתٴϮħӡ
ơ
ۿ֮ˣħһȣһצӳһ޴צһӶݺץϡ
䡭
һһΪһɿ񱩵籩ʶĶħӶס
˭ħӸһվʵǿĿǳɭȻɱõ˶ֱӡ
ңôսû˻ս뵱Ǹʲôϵ
üͷһ壬ֹͣ˼Ŷħ֪ʹõսѵ㻹ʹͬսˣ
ħӲûлش죬˫ֱؿ죬ٴңôս뵱ʲôϵ
Ȼشңڰȭǿܣô׸߶ħӡ


102 ħ
ħǰ߸ϣʱ˾ܾǱһľܾĻܵˡ
Ȼ㲻˵ҹʲôϵ
˵䣬צһӣ˹ȥ
˭δء
˫ָ߸߾𣬻ΪһŶħӱȥ
䡭ãצӰݺݵĺһһ˭ûռˡ
һδ֣ħҪ廹δԱߵĶȫǱ㶯ˡ
߾ն
졣
ӥա

ʮսŶħӺȥǵأɢѹöħɽѹ
޳ܡ
ħӴŭǰսħΧ֪࣬ĵѺۿռ䣬Ҳħռƣɽ˭뵽öħӣȻᷴһȺΧ
ҶȫǶܾղħӽֶԷ׵ؽ令սƵսΣԺܸߡ
ԴҸȫս֮ʮף¶ħǿҲƵǵĻս
ħػ
һħӰͻȻڶħϣȫסһ̣սҲżƿˡ
䡭
սһĺڶħϣÿһȥ嶼˳һֻ⣬һʮսϣȻûܽϵĶħӰơ
һֱ󣬶ȫֵܵѧԶս䵽ʱǶħӰ
񡣡
ʮã֮󣬶ħӰڳܲסֵܵӥգһ죬ˡ
䡭
սڶħϣڶħϴһƬѪò˵ħȻˣʵֻܷӳħ
ķȴû½Ҳû½ֻӲȫʵѡ
ħһ˳ʮףһֱ˵عǽߣʵ޿ˣͣ¡
ۡ
һѪԶħһǰѪģ˿ڣħͻȻŤףޱԹŭЦ
ܺãܺãӴӳ񣬻ǵһǱǶΪΪۡ
£һɿֲϢԶħϱϢ֮г˲ɣبš
ħ١
һͷħӵͷһ̣ѸǴϵϢҲԽǿֱ֮ǰСվһһͣ¡
ŶħϵϢϵͫһ˴ˣȫ˳ȥ
ʱҲħϵϢˣǵϢǱ֮ǰѪǶħϢҪֲﵽڡ
˿ֲϢֻǸܵڵսתˣʵ½㣬⻹Ƕħʶľٶ
ҪǹƼеĳϣǼͽʧȥսˣֻܵɱ
ʱ׶ħӸղôһ㶼´ңͬʱҲ׶ħѾǿԶԸķΧĻаɣתʯ֮ɱȥ
ܣħӿ˵ľٶ¶ѪЦݣû׷èϷŪһ㣬һϷʵؿŵˡ
˵ڵʵҪɱЩ̫ˡ
ôɱˣʵ̫û˼ҪǾӣҪΪԼӳ֮ʣٽɱ
һֱŶħӣ¶ħͻȻ֣ǣħӵ˶ӳʯңȻûг֡
ɵһΪΪڵġһЦؿŶħӣһתΪһ⣬ʯ֮˳ȥ
ڣħӿıӰ¶Цݡƾٶȣߣ
Ӱһתħʯ֮һֱĲӰգ۱㵽ſڡ
ӴܵӰҲǵС
ӰɣӰɣʹӰɣԽӵÿ죬Խ˼ħվʯҴſڣǵıӰѪЦݣ˵䣬ɺͷһ촽
ɵӣǻˡͻȻͣ£ʤӢȫͣȫһЦؿŶħӡ
ħϵЦͻȻһͻȻо˵Ц֮ƺıһг
ƾʲôڵʵӦӲŶԣôͣ³ңѵʲôı
Ŀڵع֮ɨһȦعûκһĿȻûû֡
֪ԼʵܴҵӵԹˣĴ˼ɣ׷ǣҲóûܡħ뵽һõĽ͡
뵽ħ΢΢̣ЦΪǰ׳ôô׾ƭҸʱӣȻǲӣҾͲˡ
Ӱһħſڳ˳
ȻճſڣͻȻһһɽѹϣһģһԵڵأͬʱһðޱߵĻ𺣣δӦ㽫档


103 ޱ
ܣ󷨣ʲôʱõ󷨣ħӾֵɫ֮дɸû˻شֻɫ¶ԽĸǣƬ̼䣬˰ٱĻħҲ˲䱻ơ
ܣҲҪһҪħʣһڣΪʲôղŲɱΪʲôҲİں޵ԽԽֱȫʧҲ֮Ϩ
ǰЦ˵ڵġ
콫ǰħµĶ
һöȭͷСħˣһѪĶħǣֻצӣһöָ
һۣ㽫ħˡħԼצӵݸ˰ԶŻýռǳĴ󣬾һ޵׶ʲôװ£ʱõĶȫװ
˼ħ˾ǲһͷͱĴˣ˿ϵħˣϲѣöħˣټ֮ǰջǳɹѾˡ
˶˷ܵذŶħµļöָһ󣬷־Ȼһöý䣬㽫ʶ̽С
Ŷ¶һĨϲһ̣ע⵽ϱ仯ʵС쵰ʲô£
ȷʵǺ¡콫ʶڻý֮һת

һѶ䵽ǰ
ӳǣ˳Ծؿ졣
ħӸµġ˻ϵĻý
ҵ·ˡȫ˫۷ŹؿŵϵĶһ㣬ð͵Ĺâ
𼱣ȶȫٰ׷䡣˰˰֡
ȫֵܵ˵
Ƭ֮󣬶ȫصˣʮһи߼ʮȫм
ҩʮƿ˼ҩƿʮһö߼ҩʮƿٶʮһöҩʮö
ЩͷźԶʱ䣬ӦǴ˵عĶͬƷҪߵö࣬Щҩ÷ǳãҩЧδʧЧ֮ǰɣóһö涼ȷѪꡣ
⣬δƷʱ޷ͳƳ
˻˶̲סһһЩ˸Ǽȫڲ
֮ǰûзֵĶóһ£չ׷䡣Ű
ǡ֮ǰջĶȫó
һ֮󣬱㿪ʼ˷䡣
ѵһȷʵܶ࣬ʮ˷˲٣ǷֵٵģҲõһ߼ö߼ҩԼʮͼöҩ
ջ񣬱˵Щսʲõ꣬һЩڸҲҪۺ졣
죬ĶȻҲ࣬߼˼ҩͷ˶ʮöкܶ߼ҩеͼ
ֵĶȻҲЩۺ죬ȴû˵ʲôΪжףû죬ǸòЩ
ʵĹף䵽ĶĹȫȣԴҸû˵ʲô
Ʒ꣬ʣµЩϴҲûٷ֣ΪЩʱҲûãԾȳȥ֮ȥʱ䡣
߰ɣȥǸ̨һ˷ܵٴ̨ǰ
ӳ̨ϵĺöƺҲ١һӢ죬Ȼ˿ЩѪľʯȣ֮ǰĽѵҶȥá
ǵȻЦǶħˣȫָö࣬ôڶöħӻָħĿ壬һˣָ̫ࡣ
ҪôЩöȡأһӢ졣
£ҡͷҲ̫Ƕħּ̨һϲͨҿô԰ɣǶħӶˣ̨ӦûʲôΣ˰ɣ
ϾǸָƵġ
ɡȫվѪһת̨ϡ
ֱڼʶԺҲͼֲ֣úأǿмӢʦѧϰϧѪ֮Ϊ
ȫСģһֱһžʯҲûгʲô飬˿
ףȫͻȻüͷһ壬Ȼûܽǿžʯȡּһ
ۡһ죬ʯڱȡ
Ȼȫֻδ̨ͻȻðһ۵Ĺâ˲佫ʯ֡
ΣգСġɫһ䣬˴
񡭡ȫڵһʱϵķķ
ˡ
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һ̣Ѻۿռһĵʯ֮УһѪɫӺȻ飬Աߵһħʧɫ


104 ħ
һ̨ˡһŵתȥƬ֮ͷѪɫ˫ǣɢǿϢĶħ˹
ôᱻ֣ÿ̨߼ػЩǫּܷ̂һѪǶħɫأš
Ҫ֪һ㶼ػɽΪصĵطɽͻΧĶħʵǿҲ൱һ
ЩǲмɱǵģˣѺۿռһ
ȻδɳྫӢʵǿҲʣߵƵļ̨ʱҲᱻػ߼ħɱ
ѵ෢ǵļƻɳѺۿռѰңһѪǶħɫ쳣ѿĵ
Ϊ׵ѪǶħûлشɨһʯеļӣػĶħ֪˭ػļ̨ô
ǵ˫ͷȮػļ̨֣˵˫ͷȮ֮⣬߼һػػħĻش
˼һ£Ϊ׵ѪǶħ֪ڵô
ػħδ£Ϊ׶ѪǶħɫػħһϽ͵뿪ʱûиȥ˵֪ȥ˶ˣȫӦھ̨ĳһϻָơ
Ϊ׵ѪǶħû˵ǵͷ˼֪ħӵӣԸ˵˭Ҳֹˣο߻кüӣѺۿռҲΣա
Ըڵļ̨֡Ϊ׽Ѫħа漴ƻ
ԣڳĶħȫһ
һֻѪǶħˣΪʲôǰںֶܶˣ֮ȫָǰǲ
⣬ħʴǱҲû׼˰
ΪѪǶħ⣬̨ǻǧｨģڱһһֵಢûȫߣϢ࣬ǿ϶ضɳ鿴
ĵ̣ȻʵѲǰҪǻ׾٣һ̨֣ǧŬһ
ðһʧܣЩΪ˸ǰ
ħѪǶħ˵ʵ̨˵̫ҪˣѾһٻٵһǵļƻҲ޷ʵʩ
һƬɽ֮С
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ֲܵޱȵİȫǽв֣ǰҲûп϶ûмعƷ֡
Ҳ֮ǰŨлһ䣬ѪϢ
⵽ʲôطǸòᵽħ˰ɣһʤӢΧЩİӲ֣ɫޱȵơ
Ǽ̨͵Ѿü죬һжİޱȣΪһϢǸҴ󵨵ա
Ҫǣ˵һ֮УһһȻõ󷨴ʦȻҲ͸޷ҳȥ
һԱߵȫɫ䣬Ǽ˸ǽüͷü˸һ˿ǡ
ӳǲ浽ħ˰ɣܷ巢ɫı仯һ
£ͷľɫǻĻӦı͵ħĳһ
˴󾪣쵱ʵӳʲô϶ħģ
ȣֲȫǲʶģڴ½ϣΣҲΪҪһ㣬ŨǹϢħʮֵ½ϸûֵطΨд˵еħͬ
Ȼħ򡭡
ҵǾȻ͵ħˡ
ˣˣˡ
˶ֲѣħǿһռ䣬ǿħ£һϢȥħĸֶŷȥǰ׷ɱǡ
ʵ˵ħһ߼߽׵ħҲܽȫɱ
ˡͻȻһȣ˶Ͻ죬ĿͶ졣
ҳʱ˵һὫǴȥѺۿռҲãħҲգҶسŵǴȥ
һתʵħҲûʲôµģ֪ħȻһɱ¾壬һִ󲿷ݶڱչǵĸֵĿԲߡ
ֻҪϰ˼ϵĸ֣ǶҲδػ䡣


105 
Իóһַ˵ǴֻҪǳ˴˻һȫĵط꣬ΣʱǾͿʹΣգħǸĸ֣Ǹ赲ǡ
ӳȻĺö˴ϲмʯƵĴͷ˷ܵþһѶһ㡣
˵˴൱Ƕ˼
ҶպáȫվЦǾҲħѡǱ˭ɱħô֮ǰѺۿռ䣬ǻҪѵʱȥѰҡ
ħֻɱǣõһǾû⡣
һֱޱȵ˷ܡ
ųʲôʱܽ⿪󣿴ҳȥһӢ̲סʵ
ڵʵ⿪øܡҡҡͷܴﵽʦ
ϵ˷֮ɫһʧȡ֮޾ʧ䡣
ϵĿֻţ˰ֵҲʧ䣬Ȼγɣعأȼߣ˵Ǳ֮أʦ˵ȴıء
ѵõĲ󷨵ĺõط
ʶѾﵽڣֻҪҵʶﵽ֮ò˶ñܳΪʦ
ڣޱ𾪵ؿ죬ʶǺģʶǿߣںҲǴﵽԺʶںܶߵʵʶǿ˺ܶ࣬ҲǺҲ޷
֣ʶʵģʵͨٿʮֹ
ʱףΪʲôĳɳٶ˵Ŀֲ
ʶҲѣҪûʮ²Уüѵֵʲôð취콫ʶ
ҵûʲô취̨ȴԡߵ̨ǰĵͨ⼸оҷ̨ϳܹѸٻָ֮⣬԰׳ʶ
˳ʱּ̨ĴѾʧ㽫Щĵرȫȡȴֹˣ˵Ҫоһ£̨ûô򵥣Ϊ̨Ľǳĸӣ˲ٵŵر
һ̨ܽǻָʵô򵥣ǸǶħӣҲݳ޵̶ֳȡ
ȴû뵽оȻʶȷʵһ˾ϲϢ
֪ӳܹʶ𣿡һӢص
꣬¡ЦҿԱ֤һ֮ھԴŴ뿪Ȼ󡣡
һꡣ֮࣬ǻȵĿҲ˼̨ʶֹʦҩʦͺôҲĺôԺ˳ƿ
˵˼ȫ΢΢һڼ̨ǰȫЦһ·Σնֵǵµģûǿˡ
Ȼ֮ǰַսƷʱֵҲǴҶһЩжףǵ㶫Ĺ׸޷ȣ̨Ȼֵ˴ãҲΪ˴뿪Ҿ̨ȫֵС
ͬ⡣ֵܺԼͷͬ
Ҳͬ⡣Ӳ˵īҲͷ
Ȼʣµ˶ۺ̨иֶͬˣҲ޷ԣ˵ˣǻǳȥ
һ죬첻ǣǾ͵һ
ΪȥΪ˲ǿߣĸҷԣȫӦ
лң챣֤һὫҴ˴˹һлʶʱ䣬Ҳ԰ż̨ɢʵҲźܴİ
һΪʹų̈źڱ嵭һ㡣
漴Ҳٳɣϼ̨ȫֵܺɢڼ̨ܣΪ̨첻ֿԺú
ת۰ȥ
ͻȻ֮䣬շӿΧеԳˮһͷ㼯Ƭ̱γһУյͷ䡣
䡭һɿֲѹϱΧʤӢǣɽѹѡ
ˡ
ȫһͺкѸȥһֱ˳ףͣ¡
ʱϵı仯Ϊǿңӿһɹɿֲһ㣬֮ӿ壬ϵѹҲԽǿ
ͻƵˡ˫ȭգһ˷ܵؿ졣
ѹֵܵʶҲͻƵ𡣡ȫҲһ˷ܵصʶѹ֮ǿ


106 ıһ
ʱʶͻƵҲֲ̫ˡʤоӢԣ̲סһ
Ȼ֮ǰ˵ȻҲ𾪣ǱϾδʵҲδô𾪣ڵһжʵ֮ڵ𾪾Բ֮ǰԱġ
̨̫ˡһЩ˵УǸ̨Ѿˡ
һЩУȴ෴ȻҲǸֲ̨ǸĻǾֲ̫ˡ
̨ǱҲܴﵽ˳̶ȣͲҪǱֻҪ㹻Ĳܳˡ
ͺñһ㹻ע룬ҲܵסܲסٶҲûá
кСЩǿӰ쵽죬ȫ˱Χĵ
ת۰ʱȥеŻɢȥ̨ϵչԼĵԭֻսģѾս顣
ٶҲ֮ǰ˲һ
ۣǵۡ¶һĨЦ⡣
ۣԼ̨ȫǰʾףء
˿һ̨ϵȻõ٣ʣһС룬ҪǾ͵̨ȥɡ
лӳ˴ϲĻаɣ׷̨ڻ֮תһȦһط£ʶ̽ʼȻ֮е¡
½һ羰ɽϣһƮƮһʯԣò⡣
һڣ¶ܵɫһŽƱ£ȻصλֵܣȻˣɡ
㻹һĶܰһĿӴʯǰҲùһƱ͸Լһ
һڣӱ˱죬ǧ¶ȷʵöϧζֻЩŮ˲ϲ
ÿζ˱˻ԡһ紵һ뷢׵Сͷڿ󺺵ԱߣЦֵǧ¶ҲֻÿξۻʱܺȵȻ˵Ů˺ȵĶⲻǰǶ˵Ůô
Ů˾Ů˰ɣŮֺ죬ֻҪǧ¶ȣ˵ŮôһۣüĿվһѳӳ֡
֮ǰӺһһ֣һ㲻һƱԼһһ˵
˵ľٶֻ΢΢һЦûж˵ʲôȻ
¾ƱСͷЦ֣ΪǺȾưɣ
ôõģЦֲǽʶ磬ǰһкµģ
⵹ʵ΢ЦؿŰӵ֣㲻ҪԼɣ
˵Ļ΢΢һЦоƱʯϣҲŭһֱЦȷʵʲô£Ҳҵ飬ǴҶ
ԣɫһ࣬ӵ㲻м׼Ըħɣ
ǱߣħѾռѺۿռ䣬ò˶ãܽѺۿռǴ½źܴĺô
Ҳ֪֮ǰǱ߻ԮҲ̫ϳǰȥæСͷҲͷ⣬ϱĿռѺҲȶħȫǿ˹Ƕزסȫеĳ˻ȥ
ǣǱߵĿռѺڰǰ⵽ħǿҹ˵Ϊ˼أʧܴ궼ûһ嵽½Ҳһص
ȥħѾָԪҪ½ˡ̾һϧ½ʵԶǰ治֪λֵܲܵס
һСͷ϶һĨɫ
˵Ļüͷһ壬ڵ˵ȷʵǳħϾҪӿռѺ۹ֻҪǽռѺס㲻д⡣
вǵȴħ壡
ħ壿üͷһ˭½ϻ˭вǣ
һȷʵвǣĸôôӳĸһıµЩĽǿɻǵã
ɫһӵѵ˵Ĵң
ҲѾڴ½ʧǧ꣬Ҳ鲻ôСͷɫصصѵֳˣ
ȷʵˣǼ֣ˡޱصص
ʲôˣ֣ûŪɣ̣Ӵ󾪡
СͷҲ˵ֻʱŻ֣ô


107 ı
ѲֳˣЩȻ˵飬ʵŵòᡣ
ûдˣͷ˫ǣԲеڶ֡ޱȿ϶صһۿˣͬʱˣɻǣһγˡ
ۿ֮˵Ĵ֮⣬һ˱һߣȫ˸Ĺóͼһ۾ϳǶ
񶼳ˣ
ɫȫһƬҰףʲôû˱ǸǿǴһʱһ½ĻԻ͡
ǴѸ𡢷չѧ򣬻з棬֮н죬ȫǸ˶ηйء
ȻûоǸʱǵȴǴǸʱŵģ֮񶼱Ǹʱйص鼮
ΪһȨߣǶЩǱ˭
ҪΪİ˴ͻȻʧЩҲҷĴ塣
İ˴ʧˣЩҲǧ֮ŸҷĴ壬һΣԻһʱ֮ŽĴѹȥ
Ȼ⻹ΪĴ彫֮еҪȫڷؿռѺϣǸΪǿΪò½ˣųɹ
Ҳ̫ģڵ񶼻һָܽĳ̶ȡһĮص⣬ݣҲ鵽ʤ۹ĶǸ֮ҡ
ʤ۹Ķңüͷһ壬һȻصѹҵǴԶսһ˳ǴսҵĴɱħ塣
˰ӣһĨɫ֣ҪǶҸϾɱɣ
ҲϣĴΪǲŰȥģǸǲòֳѾڲ֣ҲˣζĴ彫ٴ𡣡
һ𣬵һҪԸıضǣ̫ǿ󣬶ֶμ࣬һɳǸ͵ֵסʱض
Ψڳûгɳɱֻܱ֤ǵİȫ
ԣû˵һȫüͷ˼еĵʧ
ð죬ӵ֣֪ڵʵΣǿϵ壬ȻΪǲò½ʾǶԸĴǾͻ޶ԡ
ǵүүүүүүĸסүүүүԼ֮ΪʲôǶֻһұۣѵΪǸãͿЩ
һɫޱȵأһĨ־塣
Ӷһ£ּħֲڵʵԶʱʮ֮һһħεֵʱڶʵô
⣬ǿΪʲô粻֣֣ħһǾͳˣѵɺô򵥣
һ⣬ʵ޵еĴڣڵʵôôǰǸô֮ĵӣǽɱˣ֪ô
ɫޱȵأСͷ꣬˵Щ⣬Ҳ뵽ˣǸǰǸӣｫɱˣ϶ǵŭ
񣬻֮ܽһƬ½ӡǴģô뿪ģû֪ͺһ㣬½һȦºպ
һǵŭ˭ܱ֤һ飬˳ֽɱӵ˺ˣ
ȷʵһЩգ֮ĳ裬ǣѵҪǣһص
һٴγĬˣϾ˵Ҳе֮ĳ̫ڲǣѵ֮Լ
˼˺ð죬̾һ¹ϵ̫󣬲ϵҺҵϵ½İΣҺǺҲȥʾ峤
˵ţ˹˹ֵĳ͸ˡ
ſԶȥıӰʣµ˶BҲɵӣԴӶԷ˲̫ԭ⡣
λкδ㣿ӿʣµˡ
ȻŵҲ֪ȴǳϻᣬһø֪ϻᣬǶᡣҲ˹֣ת뿪ˡ


108 
֣ͷҲӣȷʵ̫ˣûħı˾ˣʱ⣬ҵûȥڳССͷҲŰӹ˹֣ˡ
ȥɫԽȻװȻˣǿµ֣ɱǳɳңΪǿ
ûңҷһ㵽ʱңҲˡ
һŤףһɭȻ˵֮һ֣ʯʱΪ飬ֻʣûľ֤ղһС
ת۰ȥôһʤӢǰͽ̨ϵꡣ
һʵǣȫﵽʣȫǴﵽ۷壬īﵽʡ
ĶﵽʣһȻҶڻ֮гȥ˶ޱȵħ
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֣˺ܲĵؿӳҪǲǻþħô죿ǲ֣ɱô
ǲصģﲻħ޵ġЦȻûˣԻ࣬ͬʱҲԻħޣҲڻ֮дһ꣬ǿħޣ
룬ͷûС
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ֻǶޱ죬ԲŲ̲סν
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109 
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Ҫ첻ͣذοŴңŵˡ
ټһ£ϾҪȥˡ찲ο˵ֻҪ˻һжָ糣ǲصġ
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תһӹȥǰľɫȻһ䣬ɽʧһСɽǰɽϵľӲȴȫһƬѪ죬ɢһɵѪζ
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ЩͼħͬǶǻ۵ģǻȻͬʱҲܹǰΡ
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110 
ȻǸתһֲѹϣϾһɽ·׹ȥ
ݡ
ӰԶã֣ЩצħӦûзӦ㱻ɱ
и߼צħˣ·Щͼצħ͸ʤӢǵĶ֣ȫһȺɱǧצħһӣƬ̱㱻Ǹɱ⡣
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ѲׯǷõŵĶȫ֣˱㻯һȺˣ˴ׯ֮УһжõĶ
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111 Ѫ
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㵽˭ô֪ô飿ħһصؿ죬ѱɭȻħУ߽ݡ
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ħı飬һϲħı鿴Էȷʵ֪ռѺ۵ڡܲͨռѺۣǵ£ֻѪӽռѺ۵λøǡ


112 ͼ
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⻹ħʯһ㣬ϧ֮кźصħȻǶܴ߼ʯһȣħϺñ
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113 Ļ
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ڳŪŭԹֻ˫ͷȮħĳλ磬ħѪĶħһ塣
˲ɱŽ˳
˫ͷȮħ꣬߰㣬һɽӲݣȫһЩбĶ鿴һʵڿȥˡ
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ħֻз˴ħ壬Żᱻ͹ȥԼԸȥģûҶ֪Ǳĵ̣һȥɡ
ԣܶħ嶼֪ռѺ۵ĴڣǶ֪ħ๲崦ռѺۣȫǰǵȽ򿪵ģ˫һս꣬崦ռѺ޵ˡ
üͷһ壬óͼŵСȮǰ㿴ԼſռѺ۵ڡ
СȮһۣҡͷûУħĵͼħشħвҳʮϱħһ
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120 Ѫ¾ɽ
ʵȷʵûа취ȻҲöԷС
ħҲɵӣ֪ôĸԸꡣ
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СȮһУˣǿռѺ۸һ˿֪ģºܶδ֪
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СȮȫһ£ĸ˿ĳɣתԶɱȥ
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ˡܵڣСȮ˹ԴһūĶ졣
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СȮȷʵûа취ֻܵȥѪ죬û뵽ǣСȮȻѪ컹һЩϵ
ѪһþȻСȮùŪһССȮҲΪűѪϳ˷Ҷǡ
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֪СȮûгˣ쳷󷨣Ѫ¾ɽȥ
СȮԺ̽·¾ͽˡûжСȮǰǰ̽·ÿһζðźܴΣա
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ǣˡСȮҷΪ˻ֻʵǰȥ̽·


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֮ǰСȮѾ֪̽дӵħӣСһӶǧˣй߼һˣǿԶԸˡ
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ħ壬˸ƽʱս֮⣬֮Ҳ໥սˣ׾ͱ˼Ҹƣʱ˶Ϊū
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123 ս
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ɢĿֱӽռ䶼˺һӡ
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ЩսҪռ䣬һͺȣ̵Ŀռ˲ѩһڻֻ߼ħָж
ħﻹδͻ֮зӦȫǵսѾǵǰӦĻᶼûС
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öȫǣֻ߼ħȻδȻվöȫǵ۾ֱˡ
ģ߼ħ󡣡һ̾ϢӰ磬գ۱㵽ֻħԡ
ӿ»ܻܲš
˫ȭգһȭһֻ߼ħԴֻħӦ㱻ɱڶֻħ̧̧֣ٶȱ˺ܶ࣬Ҳ˰ϡ
ֻ߼ħǻצ˵ֵʱǿ֮ĩĻֵסһȭֱ۶ˣϣӶûˡ
ߡʬһӰһݣǱ߷ȥ
࣬ǵǿȷʵҵϣƾɱңδҲ̫Сˡħͳ쿴һΧܵǿߣû˿η壬Ҳûһ㱯ˡ
ͺЩɱħʿûһϵ㡣
еĻԼĴ㣬ֻҪǰЩסò˶ãдħǰ֧ԮʱЩɡ
ЩԼȷֵģֻҪǱɱˣͿ϶ٲԼһݡ
С㣬ʵ¶һĨЦһ̣ٴζˡ
Ʊڡ
ѵǾƾɱңܵΧռı仯ħͳ¶мЦݣһֻ̣צһӣƬ̵Ŀռ䱻ơ


125 һҧ
һⲻס㣬أأһͰҲˣƱͬʱʹħͳΧĿռ˲䱻̣ٶȿɱ֮ǰ
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ħͳķӦܿ죬ֻȫħӿЩ̵Ŀռֹһ̣ߵĿռͿʼ顣
ұ
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ģôħͳŭɶղŵı仯̫ˣĳϡ
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һζħͳѧˣȻȫ߶ڵħγһʵĻħıղը
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126 
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ˡͷɱħһԣСȮʱ䣬Ҳ㲻ֻҪ֮ģЩħϲɰɣҲûʱȡ
ԭղСȮҧЩħʿ֮ʱǵħ˸ˣҲеħ˶ɣ⼸죬Ѿ֪ϵħãЩ弶ħˣȴҪ
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127 еͻ
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ҲΨгܸ÷ʵ
С쵰ֵܵסôΪģԶǳħĹ͸еļ²ѡ
İɣ⡣ŵЦ


131 ֲ
˵ķÿôǿĹЩ¼ֲ˶ãͻĹ⡣ٴμ
˵Щʦµ󷨡͵ʦϵ󷨾ȫͬˣֻʱŻ֮е
ƽʱȫԴطά󷨵ת
˵ţָŴ֮ЩħʬѵûзЩħʬʲô仯ô
仯һ㶣ʶЩħʬ̽һ϶ʱ֮ɫڴЩʬгȡ
ͷЦ˴󣬹⿿ЩĿֵܵסĹҲֻпǼʮħʬ
Ҳʬ壬ЩѪҲȡˣھЩħڴԼ
Σ֮һЩħҪϡ
ǡȫ϶¶ɭЦݣǴĿߣȻ״ı仯տʼǻĴ½ֵסǷִڳȡЩħʬеֵħĹʱǱûһ㵣ġ
ʮħʬʣµɲôױĹġ
񱻷һ㣬ٴһֻʣԭ֮һС
Ҽǰ壬ҵҪʲô̶ȡѪٴηʱ϶¶Цݡ
塭
ħٴˮһӿɽȣƬ̱㽫ɽվˮйͨ
ֵܣˡȫһЦؿڲѾнɽȣɽҲݲˡ
һˡһͷͷΣͷŵޡ
ǡһ£֮жʱڣһŭһ㣬Ѹٵųȥ֮ħɡ
ݡܼĽãŨ֮г֣ЩŨɵħδô£㱻ãɱһƬ⡣

𡭡
һЩûȥʱĲҽУһ̣ڶãʱǵҲȻֹ
ô£ô£ôô˳ħŭӣղŵ緢Ѿȫʧʣµֻ޾Ŀ־塣
ΪѾЩŨɵľʿĲҽУǿֲĲҽУ¼ѲеҲ̲סֱ򺮲
ˣϽ˳ѪûħǾֵĴ𣬶ǵһʱˣϧٶȸЩħʿܹӵõġ
ħʿδת㱻ȫɣ˼ֻٶȼַӦݵ߼ħɽǱӳɽȵħȫ⡣
ħһȻоʮʿɣҪֻ֪һϢʱ䰡
һϢ˾ʮ򣬾ħΪҲûôֲ
ô죿Ĵ̫ˣǸûа취צħµؿˣʱˣҲˣ벻취
˶û˵ʱһ񶷰ܵĹԴ
ǵ˵һ仰ȥҲǰ취ħħʴҲͷǡצħٴμ
ԣɫòҰףħû˷ؽηһ˵ֻܷ֣һֱɱڶֱǴӿռѺ͵ؽ硣
һ֣ζǱɡ
ʵϱħʣħʴǵģ϶֪ѾҪͷǣҲġѪ⣬ΧĳǳԮܽϢʹϵҾͲǾ͹ơ
Ҳֻôˡһħ˼£ֻõͷ
ҽǽصľȫɳԺħʲҲ˵Ǿˡצħ
˶ɳǳǳ˭أħɫ䣬
ûˣĻ˵˳ǳءצħҾǳرռˣֻҪħʲǣҲܽǳû
ռǳǳصļһǶԸʱûǣǵĺȣûħʴҲŹ
ãѪצħ˵˻ȥϾ࣬ס֮ء
Ѫ켸ţԶħһĨЦ૵ĴȻ⻹һ˲õģҪЩ˼ٵϼһ֪ܲʲôĴ󣬾ƾЩԴһ֪ĴҲƳ󣿡
ħȻϲŭ޳֮ǰѪ˵Цʱǵùȴֻħĸԡ
οղѪ˻ħħرӣôܷŹѪˡ


132 
һߣСȮ䣬ϸѪ˵̸һϽ챨桰ˣ˵ҪħʣħɸֹǻҪ֪ͨΧҲɾӹȥ
ǿ߰ɣٲߵǵĸˣܾ߲ˡ
СȮ֮ǰ󷨿νû˵ҸǵʱҲã֪첼õжֲ
һѪ˵Ļжʱǳ⡣
żħٶҲ£עţоżֹʱ֪ͨҡ쵭ĮСȮԴ
ˣÿǳضϰľӣһЩǳضɾӹǽпܱǧӰΧСȮٴν͵
˵ٶħӶûһΣգֻҪעЩżϵĸ߼СгŲɵϣСȮٷϻֻħӣǧ£СҲûˡ
ֻǴʱľٶѾǱħ񣬲֪ħкθ롣
ˣҶϢɣħһʱٽˡŶȫ˵Ƕ󷨵ģҲ㼯֮أú֤ٶȿʮֹ
ʲô𻵰ɣĵʵ
û£аħʬΪǵţһë㡣Ц˷ģȫ
ħֶͨȷʵ󣬱˻صɳĴǣǵõϢ̽ʵԣɳӵɽȣ֮
ȻٶȺЧȴһ㶼ͣӵ쿪ʼǵĴˣÿٶɳʮĸǴﵽʮ
һԿħĳ޴ﵽʲô̶ȡ
ȻлħʵϣΪϧһд۽֮ɱǸ۹ħ´֪ٶɱħ֪ǿҪġ
ˣѾоŸǵĳŴˡСȮǵٴΧɽľӽ߰ˡ
߰򣿡Ҳһ㶣ħ壬Ǽǳر׵߰ʮ۹Ҫһ̫߰ܡ
ħ̫֮ˡг˵ǣһħ½͵ֵס
ȻˣҽͺúĵһºݣԵ˫ͷȮԺ鲻ٸңֻҪעЩħżϵĸ־С
תһȥа˸ǳصĳžˣɽħҲǧ
˵Ѫ죬ǵ׻ҪȵʲôʱѾ˶ʮǵǧӣΪʲôҪǵȥһצħ̲סѪ
ǣҲżˣѵֵܵסǧӵĽһצħҲĵ
һѪǱЩ˵ħʱ½ǣԿ󷨣ӱԼ֮һħҲһЦĵ
˵ǿɲ¡һħЦҽǵģƾʲô˵ģҲǳҲս
˵⼸ǰһģԭһҪɽȷ𹥻Ѫֹˡ
ѪĻ˵ǵȵħĸִħʵּٽ
ʵ˼ȷʱʤڷ񣬶ûйϵһжЩֵġ
ħһƢ꣬죬ۿԽԽ࣬ħʵĸȴһֱûг֣ЩҲٵȥˡ
꣬ҲҪħʱɸǶħһħһӵؿѪ죬Цͬ
Ҳͬ⡣
Ҳͬ⡣

һʱ֮䣬ѪˣȫͬˣҴʱǸֱӽѪˣѪǳǺīͨ졣
Ҫʱȴ´ϲЦңһԵ˴͸ÿˡ
һצħȰ˵ȴѪʱֹȥɣȰ˵ǲԵ֪
ǵľˣǻʲôʰЩࣿצħĵص
żɽҲô㣬վҲŰӣӰ쵽ǶԸǼġѪЦ
צħ룬ҲѪ˵˵죬Ѫ챻ЩҲԷЦܣͱһӵĻ
оӸ͸λħħ죬е湥ʮλܿѡָߣǧ


133 
ǵľٶѪ˶΢΢һüǵָɺȷϵһܽӵ
ǣһǵʧҲöࡣ
뵽ǧľӣѪǱû˵ʲôʧҲ򣬻ʣ°˰򣬲Ӱ쵽ǽĹ
һСȮͽϢ͸졣
ħڽˣ׼ãħǧͬʱҪԼܵȫɫصĶŶȫ˵аħʬµܣȫԵֵסǧӵĹ
סȫȫ͸λһ׼
ѧ㣬ȥ˶мһ𡣡쿴ǽ֮ǰǵĴóһ󷨵ֵסǾ뿪
š˵ͷСһ㡣
İɣҲ¡£ǰһڣֲĹһǺ
ȫ߶
£ԼȫбһµĽӡһ̣֮ˮһ㷭
䡭
צӰȻ£Ǵ֮УҲܵҵػζһЩܼ֮Ũȫɢһб¶⡣
ǶȫŵǹȿڣܵΪҵĹֻһ˲䣬ƵŨ˳ɱ㱻ɢ
ڵսˮһ㣬ȥһգ۹ʵս㱻һա
ۡ
һѪԶȫ˶ȥ
Ӱһȫסʣµֵܵ󷨣֮һС
ǡ֣ϧȫǸû˹ܣĸСˣǸͻ档
˹һӰһ嵽˶ȫĿģһӡõƵƬҲѸٵػ
˵󷨺ôǲŷһǾͲòˡһ˷ܣ˵䣬ؿһѪˡ
ҳʤ׷Ƴץࡣָӵĳ緢ͺ񿴵ʤϾҪԼһ㡣
ԱߣѪ쿴ɽȣüͷ΢΢һ壬Աߵצħĵصǻɢܶ࣬ǽưɣ
ӦòɣħЩ̫ȷĵЩ˴ƣǵɾͶˡ
ˣпܵħʵĴ
𼱣ûôѪ¶һĨЦ֮ǰҲȴּ
һˣ˶ɵȫһղҲΪ緢ʱԷ£ζɲܡ
ǳζҲáаЦ
䡭
ڶܿ£֮󣬷ǿ˲٣ͬʱܵĹҲøؼȻ˶ҧɼ֮ȫһЩˣڵսҲÿտҲ
ǲҰţһڣԴˣǧӵĹ֮иΪҵöడ÷ˣֲ֧סһˡ
Ȼ֮ʣȻǰᶨصӳȥɣȻǵʵǣҲ֧һ
ӳɣھӢȫŶȫƴȴʲôˣҲܡ
һɣ¶ģãĶˣܾôװ˷ѡ
ǡ˴ϲֱ嵽ԣȻҲ͸ղſ˼˿󷨣Աָڵ֮ʣҲµѧˡ
Σʮ֮һۿܼצӰҪ£ֱܵģнӡѸٵı仯
䡭
йݵһ£Сòٹ˿գʱǿƵѾɽȵһ䡣
Χȫħ󷨶ΧˣҲ󷨲ֱӾܽ
Ҽ壬һȥָӵĳЦף˵⣬ȻһʮǵľһĹ
ΪָߣһЩץסǻɱĹͽ
ָӳȣϵƱЦݶ˺֮ܶ࣬ǰѪ˵󷨺ǻΪˡ
Զ̫ԭָߣϾһʧܣ붼䵽ָͷϣΪ˱գҲڵָָӡ
ԭڵָҲԸģʵͳǳصʵѹ֮ͬҲòӦɴʱȫһ͸


134 
֪ˣǿ϶ָߣ˴󹦣Կǵľλһ
֮ʣЩҲѪ˸ˣѪ˵ƣҲὫָӶȨóȥ
ģȴˣһҪĸ쵰λаԷġ
ӳħֳˡĨһǵѪ캰ղһȻΪʱһĹ˿գǼһЩˡ
úãôãҲֵǼʶһǴˣɢΣɢ̶ȡŤһЦټǵѪЩħ¡
䡭
ԭѾƵһСǵĴȻãţ籩һ㣬Կֲٶ͵ĳ쿪֮еħʿȫЩŨɡ
ãˡɽеĸǳЩŨʿɣһɫ䣬ϧѾֹˡ
һգ۵Ĺ򣬴Ũ㽫ɽһʱ֮䣬ҽ죬֮ŵЩ̲סȥ
뷢
ĵٴһȣ֣нӡ֮ӿĽã۶
ɱ
һȣȫãһ㣬з
ݡ
Ϊģ֮ڣеħʿȫܵãдһ˲䣬ħʿ㱻Щã壬·ȥ
ħû뵽ǣЩãҪǮİˮԶ䲻һ㣬һչһֽ˳
Ϣ֮б߲ãÿһޱȵܼ͸һ磬߲ã֮ڣʬҰѪ۽һγһСϪɽ֮ȥ
ܹģٲһ
Щŷˣһ߽ţһ߲Ҫܡ
ôϾҪɹˣôǰصʬ壬ǸָӵĳӦĳȫɵۡ
һһ㣬վð춼ûлع
ҲѹǻģղţǾŽӱɣڴã֮ɱǽʿ
ӣǿǵһ룬мǳصľʿˡ
ЩģѪ˶¶ֻı飬иЦѡǻţ֪˰ɡ
һֱԱߵħǧȻ˽ճ֮࣬ǰ̾ңҺøղûбѪã˺пܱħ
ͬʱҲѪˡ
֮⣬ڼСȮ𾪵Ŀɿڴŵϴĸ鶼ĳϢ䣬㽫ħһ룬ǿ򰡡
ҵ죬̫ˣҺҴʱͶҪȻڿʣˡ
ۣǿ϶λ磬Բд
һתСȮĿⶢЩȥħʬϣˮϧˣ˶ħ˰ҪǸɶãҲܴﵽ˼߽װ
ֻħ̫ˣǿҲ٣ǸͲɡ
ҵˣٷɣȫˣЩħ˾ȫҵˣֻЩ弶ħ˾ˣǧ弶ħȫɵҲҴﵽ˼߽װżпܣ
֮У͸ŨǱħʬһʱ֮䣬ȫ
ħȻһӾŪˣʵ̫ˬˡ
ԭΪЩħжҲһȺݰѡ
ǲǲݰǶӳĴ̫
˵֮ʣĿⶼˣ𾴡ݣǷĵģĿͺڿһ㡣
ͬʱҲԺУΪЩħҲμˣҲǵһ֡
ˣҶȥ˰ɣһεĽѵħһʱ᲻ٹҿ԰ĵϢһЦŶ˰˰֡
ղȻħĴɱһ룬ͬǧħĽΪ˱ִ󣬴Ҷٶˡ
һ˵ʶ
Ҫ֪Ҫ󷨣ͱʶܵʶҲͬܵ𵴵ġ
ӳҲúϢһɣղ󣬱ǿҪصöˡЦһħǻÿأ
صģû¡ЦȻܵĹҪǿһЩҵʶǿö࣬ȥɣúûָдսء
ţ˵ͷתһطȥˡ


135 ħֵ
ǿ񶼱ˣʶ˽һսԺǿɾصĸˡȥıӰЦǿɶʤľӢÿһ˶ųΪĴڡ
ǵ׷棬ԺҪһƬ¶û⡣
˵ԺˣѧԼأЦѵ㲻һ𡣡
ƾʲôҪ㡣΢죬ݺݵİһۣһС쵰㻹⣬롣һߣתȥ
֪ԲԣһЦ󡻹Զֻ죬ȴȥҾȥʦס
ΣҲӦġ˶ȣһ磬ԶˣǽߵĿɰӣһЦû뵽ѧҲкߵʱ򡣡
С쵰˵ʲôԶĸϻԭҪתѵģ̫˶ˣȫĿ⿴õҲ˼ܻ
ʲôСҰ鶼ڳһߣһۡС쵰ҵšߺʧŨ֮С
ЦЦתҲ׼ҸطϢһ£ն㴫һһԭħ岻ʧܣٴη˹
ӳЩħ뿪˻ˣҲ˹ʱû˭ȥ飬עȫĽħϡ
û£ؽţǲҿЦСʮ֮һҾͷĵȥϢɡ
ľӢж
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һʱ֮䣬һ㣬Ҳ˲̤¼
Щкһֱܳǧףħͣ
ʵǸղվ֮ѾɽȳףڴĹΧ֮Уȫؾŵġ
ϧһҧʮ¾һǴŴһΪҪˡ
쵰쵰
ڸ¾ʿƵǱŭҲʲôֻøð
֮УʤӢǿħʿǱȫ̲סЦ
˰˰֣ЦˣȥϢɣڴȿѾף⵽ղŵһ֮ЩħҲҿȿ֮ڣ˰ףǾ㹥ԴҲ˶Ӱ졣
Ļ˶ģĵȥˣЩʧ˵ĳģٴʿ
Ǿ˵ȫվȿ֮⣬˰ףǵצӰ䵽ʱѾɢ˴룬ûʲô
һЩʵ弶ħʿǵצ䵽󣬸ܸһ㲨
˺һۿûЧҲֻηħĸ֡
תȥ֮УСȮͻȻ˹ˣˣħĸֵˡ
һʲôʵж٣
һżצħͶʮ˼
ʵһЦżʵòҵĴСȮҺúöǣ֪Ҵ֮󣬾ȻһʵצħӦò򵥡
ǣˡ֮ǰֵǧսСȮҲ֮ǰôġ
ǧǾż۷ҲסֻķݣȴֵסˣһżͶʮ˼ҲͲˡ
ɽȿڣһλһȺ˹۲Ĵ󣬶ߣʮȫվţҳ
һֱЩħʱҲһЦݵվԱߡ
鿴˺һҲûпκεĿɨΧЩΪѪںɫĵ֮󣬱Ҳɵ
ʹôͻȻħȻħ屡ɴѩ֣޾ջ󣬿֪ħȴ⡣
ǿ޸ǿ⿿ͨľӸܹħһЦݣ´ʱĻ࣬Ȼ͸һǿջ֮
һԣԹ͸ģΪǶı䡣
֪ʹа취Ƴٴʵ
а취ƳƳˣĻҪͷʹħ˼ûа취а취ƳˣôĹܱͣ㡣
ħе˼ȴûʹħ֮еλأȻʵǵԷԷȫʩչҲûĿԵֵס
ǿɿʲôŤͷһȺ˼ħ塣
ҡͷħҲƽİ취ʲô취


136 
ѲҪ޹ȥħʴ޷Ƴ󷨣дһĨŭ⡣
һЩ˼ħȫѣĵͷ˵
㣬ɽȥϸ̽һ´󡣡ͻȻһħŵħɫһףȻҲ˵˴
ΧħʬѪõ֤
ˣҡħĻδ˵ֻ꣬һĨĹâŵħȫһٲ˵֣Ӱһͳɽȣ˾ͱնɱ
Ŀⶼ䵽ħϣһЩˣĿضħϣ֮ǰûмʶĴ󣬸֪ôĹ
Ҳǿ޷֡
ʱǾ˻ᣬúüʶһ´Ĺ˵ܴҵƳİ취
ħȻӶɱ֣ɽȲʮףͣԭǲٽȥģϾǳɱ
ʬ嶼ѵͨħ䣬ʵļ¡
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ô£ӿԱߵЩжɱ
ڳBǶҲһϲ֪ͨΪʲô
˴Ĺ֮ӦܵĿơħЦҹƴʱЩಢûз
ԣԣʹ˵öԣ϶ڳǣǡ
ħһۣӶɽħҹ
ħȫһûӵֲҲֻӲͷƤצӡ
䡭
һצӰŨ֮ϣʱôƬŨʧ¶˳
һ̣˵ľޣЩŨһӿȻٴС
Σʣһ͵ʹˣղҲЩһһ̾ͻᷢ
ӿħħЦŵ˵ͷ
ٴħ֪ܻܿᷢȴûᣬȻֻںôȥûнħС
ħ¼ҪϼϼȥҲȥ
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Ҫͣӽüͷٴ
ǰε⣬ħҲûô£צӣͶŴȥ
䡭
ʮצȥ󲻵ûз෴ϵСѾСԭĶʮ֮һֻвƽɽ֮оһСѼһ㡣
ħϲѵǣ֮Ũħɢ˺ܶ࣬Ѿ˶ڴ֮еڵˡ
ʱһŵ취ƴ󣬲ϵС
ô£ӿԱߵˣҲɻѣԭ׺쳣Ĵ󣬴ʱôһˡ
϶ǸղűǸһĻδ˵꣬һĿ䵽ϣĻȻֹ
ˣӿЦΪʲôûһƳ
вãʱĲӵ˼ǸղűǸģʱҲԲϡ
ҪǳˣӦõĹ;͵÷ֳһЩϣͽһ˶
ӵ˼˶˵
ӿˣЦٴħ´˹ħʱҲûп־壬ҲΪڸղűħˡ
ϾǿǧħĹĿôõֵġ
һʮצȥٴһ룬ۿҲ޷ħס֣ٲס֣ҿɾͷˡ
ʵħһһ˰ףͣ¡
쵰㡣Ӵŭû˵ڲг˿־ô
һħʱŭһŭ𣬱嵽˴ǰͷһ㣬ŴһצӰ
֮еȫһŵضţʱв䣬ɾûĹ
ʹôӲûмųȥǿԱߵħ
ЩıǴʱȷʵܾţǼٵġħûٶ˵ȻʱҲ϶Щ಻װģȴȻкܶɻ
ӳ˼£һЩ˼ħһȥҹǸ󷨡


137 ǰ޺۳
ǡû˿ԥĳ˳ȥʱҲǸҪˣʱǲУֱ͸ǹͰ
ʹҲȥæӻش𣬶ʮҲ˳ȥ
Щ쵰ӴŭĲЩͣɶԷ˶˳ȥҲ
֮УȫһЩʮ˼ħ壬ֵܣѾ˽ʮ˼ǲǸˡ
쿴һɽħӣ̾ϢһˣξͷŹǰɣϣ´ǲҪ䵽ҵϡ
ɡ
ǡ
ȫŸԵĿȥҲӰһģһӡ
ɢΡ
һһ£һ޴Կֲٶ˲㽫ûħɽ֮С
ãˡɽɫ䣬ʾ
ЩħУҪ壬ĿһӾͺ˵ģοʱĴ籩һ㣬ŵٶһ㶼ȳħ
ɲǼ䣬Ľʮ˼ħӦûзӦ㱻Ũɵ
ͻȻ䣬ħ嶼ʧȥ˶һи֪ʶ̽鲻ǰȫããһƬ
ԭԵͬʱҲټһ̣ãǵۣҲûз֡
ݡ
ãǰ˼ħϵĻħҲǧãĺ֮˲飬һ̣Ƕޱ޼ʵĽãƬ
û˷һ
ɽ⣬ͻȻоµϢһ˲ʧɫһӱòҰףʧķһ㣬ɽȣôܣôܣôôⲻܣԲܡ
ԱߵħҲҰף֮ǰͿôҲû뵽Ȼ˳̶ȣʮ˼˲㱻ɱ;żǿҲܰ
ӣħ΢΢̾Ϣһ󷨸ˣܻܿǶ󷨸֣㻹ǸϽ˵صʵħʰɣǿǿн󷨻ơ
ҲҪħʵǿߣܽ׽е֪ʶѧᣬħʵؽٴδǣʱҪҲɺܶࡣ
ӰһħѾʧˡ
ҵ찡ʮ˼ǿ߾ô˸ɱˡСȮĿɿڴؿɽĴȻ֮ǰ˴ֵסǧħʿĹ
࣬󲿷ݲ弶ħʵޣɢȻҲͼСǵķͼױܽɱ
ɰ˼ħȴͬʵǿ󣬷Ӧ񣬷ǿɲһܹɱģû뵽֮󣬾ȻҲһգ۱ˡ
Ǹʹ֮УҲһɣСȮĿ䵽ʧǵϣӴʱûӾ޴Ĵ֮лعûзСȮĿ⡣
СȮĸǳأͻȻСȮСȮϽ޺۳ǡ
ħиˣҲȴ͵޺۳ٹˣٴʵ
ǵġСȮص
˼һ£СȮ
ǣˡСȮ˿ĳɣħ棬ɽȡ
ǵ˫ͷȮôȻҳȥ
϶Ƿˣȥ˲ˣοһħ
ǸղűǿֲĴŷˡ
ħ忴СȮӰ֮࣬Ҳ۷׷ףȻСȮľٶʲô뷨ⶼЩħ嶼뵽ˣΨû뵽СȮѾͶ죬ûΣա
ף˫ͷȮôܽˣ󷨵ĶȫһĨ졣
ġЦȫҲʣ󷨣СȮ
ˡСȮһǰڵͷĿϲ˲䡣
ˡСȮͷ˵Ҳ뿪ˡ
뿪һ㶣ɻΪʲôûа취ǿɱһһ
ҡҡͷЦʱħǰʧ߰ʿʮ˼֣лжʮ˴ʧҲӦʶûв´һο϶ɳǿ󡣡
ȻȴƶֻҪǲ֮УǾֻб򣬵ʱжᱻǸĹġ
ԣҲ˵ھô󣬴ȴǲġ
ģˣҲЩħùġһЦһ
ֻó˫ֱӰƬ̱вһС
С쵰Ⲽõʲôʵ
öЦ㹻Щħһٵĺö


138 
һЦóһѴͷҵÿһעԡ
ӳǲѾһôôøǣʵ
֮ǰǸǶµڴ壬Ҫȥȴ޺۳ǡ˵ţһøСȮԣܲ
лˡСȮһĽһħע봫ͷУһ̣һͼн£ãһʧ˵С
ˣ߰ɡһ£ȫսע֮Уһ̣˽¶һͼãһҲһӰ
ǵ뿪ŨҲ˺ܶࡣ
һƬ֮УСȮãؿܣղֻһᣬ㵽δŪô¡
һ̣ղͻȻһռ䲨ҫ۵ĹâȻԣСȮŵæ˳
ãɢȥ¶˵ӰСȮһƨƨߵܵǰֺõصˣôҼǵ޺۳ֻвЩֵǻΣյġ
ģЩֻûôһЦ߰ɣȥ޺۳ǿ
СȮһ㶣ˣ㲻Ҫ޺۳ǰɣ˵仰ʱСȮڷ
ģһûô񡣡Ц޷Ǿڳȥɽȵıؾ֮·ϲüѣӭһЩǰĸ֡
˷һ˶ޱ𾪵ؿ죬ֱ̫ˣܿоֻʣ˷ˡ
СȮĴ£޺۳ǴʮһƬֲ֣С߶ɽɹȥѺܶ˼άǾûôɵġ
ôһƬ֣Ҫ뽫ȫóɴȻ̫ܣȻⲢ첼òô󣬾㲼һʮĴܰ쵽
ֻǽΪ˷ЩħͲ˴һʵûǸҪ
ϰߣһ㶼м䣬ߡ˼£˾
óһмʯƵı֮ǰɽʱƵģΪľǴʱħá
Ƭ֮м䲼һһֱĴʮöмѷ
漴컹ģ߲СһֻҪЩħõ˶Ϳ϶ѺС
ֵܣⱬըЩħô˴Ŀ϶ҲǾżȫ֮ǰʶ󣬵ǿҲԸʣżħǿ봫˵еһȼЩġ
ԷģֻҪħʮֻҪЩǿûߵʮӵŵЦһöмʯһ˾һԱ˵ʥ
˵мǸıʮöмʯƵߵСҲöмʯƵıѷ
öмʯƵıѷһըǿ൱ʵԱʥҲֵס
߰ɡһתҪ뿪
ӳǾôˣһӢ˿󷨣ЩصҪ¿ЩһôըģҪû֮УҲûǡ
ɲͬһϣûлյĿܡЦ֣˶һڴؿҲˡ
ðɣǾͿЩħαըģǵԶһ㣬ҪǱЩħַǿɾͱˡܿһۣսĿ䵽İɽ
˵ʵû⣬Ҳûзԣ쵽˰ɽΪ˰ȫֲһ
ħǱߵĸַӦܿ죬ԭǻΪҪһ죬Űʱ䣬ʮֲϢ޺۳з
ˡһͺȫ͵ۣЩǿϢ
࣬ʮˣȫ̫֣ǿֲϢжϳһǾżǿߡ
Ϊ׵ӣϢֺ룬þޱ޼ʵĴ󺣣Զˣһ۱³Ӧһʮħ塣
ݲСʮˡһɭȻЦݵ֪ħ֪ʮˣ᲻ᷢأ
ǿ϶ġСȮʮǿ۷Ĵڣһ۹ûжʮǾǵ۹ĻÿһǾ޴ʧ
֪ħжʮʵ
̫СȮЩεصҵʵ̫ˣӴ棬ҹҲͼʮɡ
ʮ˶һǿ൱ʥıڰҲ˵ʥ˶ԲмʮʮͲˡ


139 ٴ
쿴ǽ֣ҪˡСȮһȫĿ䵽֮С
ҿ㣬δһ󷨸֣ܽץסϵõ󷨵ܣħʵؽǣΧĹҶû⡣Ϊ׵ʮľżȣҿɸǣ֮⣬ħҲǿǰȥȵһǾ͵ħʵŭɡ
һЩżħȫɫ䣬ǰٶٴһأҪ֪ǿǻΣղġ
ˣǾͻ´󹦣ħпܴ±ǽ׵ʮͬʱʧܣȴǵֻ·һ
һӱ׷Ϊ׵ʮĵ˵ͷһһֻǰ˹ȥ
ţͻȻ֮䣬ʮеһǰδеΣϮδŪΣԺδͻȻ޴
ʮɫ䣬ӰһҪԶȥ
һĴ׳ȥġ
Ÿճף·һһֲĿԵ
䡭
񱩵һԵ˲ʮĻħ壬ʮǿҲ˲䱻ǿ˺飬һ궼ûʣ¡
ʮǿʥһ£ɱǺ֮ѣǵֶ̫ˣѾ˳Ŀռ䷨ֻҪһ˲˺ѿռ䣬ߡ
ϧ̫ͻƣֶΣ˺ѿռ䣬ɶûǸʱʩչ
ʮżҲһͷ˴֮Уǹɿܱ˺顣
̫죬쵽漸żûзӦֱҪʱͣȻûг󣬽ӵһɴɢĿֲѹȴǵڰжҡβ
Ȳס·ȥ
ÿ죬Ҳȥÿ죬оżħȫ䵽ʱǰĿѾֱ켣ɢֻǰǸֱһĴ֤ղŷ顣
⵹ô£⵽׷ʲô£ѵħŭˣһżצħǰĴӣʧĽ
ˣұˡһżħҲħҲˣڸô죬ô죿
ʣµľżʮ£ʮˣЩ±㱣һص۹ħʱضᴦǡ
Ҫ֪ʮżȻһ֮ʵλȴء
һ۹ʮǶĴڣϡ٣ÿһħƽżȴȥȻҲħǰҲûһʮ
ħȥˣ·һһżħһĵΪ˻Ҳ˲ôˡ
ħĵ۹ֲֹħһǾżʵκһ۹ԷỶӭġ
ԣħȥˡҲ˫һһۣ׷תԶɱȥ
ôˣȫ˽ЩħĻôû뵽ЩõľżħȻôħ
⵹֡СȮһӦصǴˣȴţħ壬ǾȥҲҪɱͷ
Ҳӵ۹ȥȻħɱʾǾͲ
ҳʲôģħûЩеֻ棬ֻҪ㹻ȥɱħҲ˸ɡ
ѵǲǵļˣʵˣħ۹ѵǼ˵鷳
ȻҪңһȫħ˵ûʲôԼҪСȮħ壬Իǧ꣬ʵ㹻Իһ겻⡣
ƳǶԺܶණúܵ˺ֻҪԼţֻҪʵ㹻ֻ꣬һ壬ֻһȺŮ
⡭һĴð죬³֣һ塣
ˣڿ˿ˣҲˡкһСȮһˣ㲻ȥ˵Ǹʮħˡ
˵䣬Ķֱ̿ˮʮħǿúܣɶħ˶ȲϵģܽһöħɵֱӴﵽż۷塣
ˣǿĳ֮£ʲôħ˶ˡЦЦóעһսһ׹⣬˲ʧ
壬ϴαǻ֮󣬾Ҳûؽ¹ȥһ棬ħӰ
С쵰ôֻصһΧϳ
ҶǽЦҲΨһĵط
Ҷǽһ㶣ͻȻѵڷҶǹʼʩ


140 Ҷʣʵ
ȫԣҲ˼üֵܣ֮ǰ޺۳ǣΪɽȽ֪ħĸֱضᴫ͵ǰɽȣȴû˿鱨
˶죬ʲô˼
ҿû˵Ҫħ֡Ц
˼Ļδ˵꣬㾪ѵҪҶǣ
һ˶ޱ𾪵ؿ죬뷨̫ǿһǰҲʮˣ졢ȫͻƵۣ˿ɶʣôȥħһǣǲһô
ŵģҶǲһտǣûʵˡЦСȮЩһֱѪ죬ȻĸֺʹȫΧˣڳֻʣ߼಻ˡ
СȮӦҪɱǲʲô
˶Ŀ⿴СȮ
ǵģڷҶûжʵ˵󷨣ֻҪʩһСƣˣǳؾǵ¡СȮصǱ˴ϳȥȴһ˳ǣг˷ܡ
ħȫ񣬰ħĹأסڳħ񣬼ƽҲǾӣӳĵǲѪΪɱΪԼĶӱ𣬵һٶӳȥ
ǣҲʣ²ʮˣ֮⣬һЩ弶ūЩūǷҶǳشսҶ²ġ
ڷҶǸûеλֻҹΪҶɻֱ֮ٳΪЩʿʳ
ڳڵЩħսܵ£һЩѾħܶв
пܵǣɱȥЩūûӳ
ЩϢͨСȮļ֪ģŸҵΪҶǡ
ֵܣ·ҶǶûٺôɣɻصֻħǸӵʹޣĴ׷ɱǣֻǰѪ¾Ѷȡ
ˣ·ҶǶǾŴĺôЦһħ֪ŵ棻ڶҶô˵ҲǸǣ϶٣ȻǶħܶ౦ﶼãҲһЩǶõġ
ҲΪҪһ㣬Ѫ¾ɽа֮Զ⿿Լܣǵõʲôʱûܣһ·ϻҪħֹ׷ɱˣûʮﲻ
·ҶǣǱԽĴ󣬴͵Ѫ¾ɽһǳأô˵ҲҪǼʮ·̣ǿܽԼܶʱأ
˻˶ôû뵽칥ҶǣȻôĿġ
ξһֱäĿĵֵҲʼǲ̫ˡ
Ȼ𾪵Ĳ칥ҶǣӸղ˵ϢǴ·Ҷǻûжѡ
𾪵ȻҶǵĴ͹ȥ
Ҫ֪ħĴ󶼽ڳǳ֮УһһЩȽϹϣȽϴĳǳزУȻܹҶǣɴ͵Ǳô죿
һȥͳǱߵĳǳУʱǽǳħΧﲼ¶ûǸʱ䡣
ƺ룬΢΢һЦǷģʱȻа취ǰȫ뿪ҿɻûлء
˵ţСȮԷһھȥҶǣ̽
ǣˡСȮӦһӰһΪһڹҶǳ˹ȥҲ󣬴ŷҶڸȥ
ٶ˰ʱ㵽ʱСȮҲ̽˷ҶǵصˣѾ̽߼ڳʵǺǿǿһλҲֻǿһ㡣
һڳһ˴ʣµľӣڴ󴦡
⻹ǧӣһٶʮһˣȫ弶֮㶼ūЩֵˣʵǺǿ弶ҡ
ѪǷˣȻ˴һǵʵȫ˳ȥѵͲ±˳ɱռ˷ҶǡȫһĲ죬ҲǾ֮ͨˣȻϳҪԣ˶ϳǿʵҲʿǱҴɡ
ʵѪ첢ɵȻħ֮и֮໥ϣһǽһħ֪Ҳ˵ʲôֻ˵ǱĳܡСȮ͵Щʱڲ֮ȴͣ¡
оͰڶԸʱħ壬ǴУ˸ҳûԷҶǳ֣ѪħʣħʾͻɸֽɱʱԷĳҲѪڡ
ԭˡȫѪ컹գʱƱˡ


141 ı
ˣ˹·ҶǣħҲ˵ʲôˣħû˭ͬߡСȮ̾Ϣ
ˣٸ̾ˣƻС쿴˵Ǿغã󷨵ѾǣһǾ󷨣оȫɱ
£һһĨѪɫҲһӱòҰףϢͨûǿ컹úõվһΪһ˱ߡ
໡СȮѪſҧס
Сһ㡣һĵصΣգʹͻ
ģ¡˵ͷСȮ߰ɡ
ӰһСȮ߶ŷҶǷɱȥ
ԶȥӰ˫ۺᣬϾǵ֮ɫ
İɣֵܲµġȫο
СȮһ·񱼣Ƭ̣㵽˷Ҷ£ħĳǳĳǳزûʲôΨһͬǣǵĳǽߣ󣬳ȫħӣԵøΪɱ
վסسŵһħСӳСȮסˣĿضڱСȮоϢϣޱ𾪵ص࣬Ȼһࡣ
СȮһɿ죬һɱؿСӳݺݵصСı㡣
Сӳɫһ䣬ϽͷһֺõصԭǺħˣʵڱǸղûϳ˼ҡ
ߣҪӽȥͣһ㡣СȮŭ˳ǣһ·ϣħСȮϽͷһֺãɼСȮҶǻе
Ƭ̣СȮ㵽˳һ߼ĶħѪĸѪɽȵϢѾ˻ʱҲѣռŶ׼뿪
һСȮСȮﻹһ࣬ʱ󾪣СȮΪʲôһ
ħʱҪҵǸ󷨴ʦͬڳ˲ˣóʣµľȫȥЩץСȮڵϣһĿǶħõǶħһ춼ز
Ȼ˫ͷȮ⣬ҲһʵΪĵطʵɱȵ˫ͷȮǿ˲٣ȻֿԴʵЩ벻ס
ôȥִУСȮһŭص㣬ѪѾˣ󷨴ʦ׽˻ֻҪħʴˣĹͣԺҶǾǱ¡
ֻҪ㣬򱾽ͽ׼ܵħʴˣʱ·һ
ħһǣϾȥ졣
ħһߣԵһԾ𣬿˿ɻĽûʲôǸߴһѡ
˵ħڼǰһֱסڵѨģѧ޽ݣŴӵǨ˵档СȮص
ԭˣҾ˵ôĽûʲôԭѧġͷǾţò˶ãǶħ
ˣĸΧңСȮɻؿ졣
׽ʦ˵˽ȫħʣжĹͣЦСȮ
˵һħŴôһħѧᣬԻħʵǣʱܱ߼û⡣СȮƾŴһ٣пħ⣬˽ħʣΪħû⡣
ħһÿ۹Ϊ£֣ʵﵽһȼ֮󣬶ӦķţͬʱЩʵ㣬´֮ˣҲӦķš
ȻЩʵ÷ŵͬλǰЩ͵Ĺ嶼ͼģᱻ
ЩǾλĹǰȴǸ߸ϵģǵʵˣΪǵľλħʷģħʡ
Ͷ÷;λһҲͳ䱾λһ٣ٳħûһ
һӳԽҲһ죬жħ̵ܹסЦο㻹ʰ׼ܡ
ħ壬ܿĴھϵĵʱпҪܹţ
СȮһɣһĨ֮ɫ˵òħ屾̰ʵΪҵʵôҵ¡
⣬ħһгɱħƾҲвң쿴ôŪ㡣
һ뵽ħץ󻼣뵽Ǹĺôħ϶ʱ¶̰֮ɫ۹ɳǧûܽЩֻҪħɱʱҾͽЩ׸ħʣħû⡣
뵽ԼΪħħ˷ܵ嶼ڲƾʵƴһҲδܽż


142 
Ҫ֪ħһʵ͵޾Դħ壬߼Ķħϣ͵ÿϼʹ͡
ΣأŪþˣϼʹݵķ֮һ֮ǰò׻ѪΣѪˣֻܳΪħ¡
ħ֪οɲô׵ġ
ôľĻȥðһԡ
ʧӳħɹΪħοںħֻһˣʵħħȻԸһġ
Ƭ̣ħߵ˳ҵͳħȥΧɱЩ࣬һϢħŵú˰
˵Щȫˣ󷨴ʦҲСȮ׽֮һ£˳ĳ˳ǡ
󣬶ħֵ˴͵͵ΪһǳΪҪĵطƽʱʮ߼ħ
ЩħѪɳȥΧǣ棬Ҳֻʣħˡ
ħнŽδ㣬ϾˣҷҶǵľҲ˴Χĸɳʮӣ׽ܡ
ʱǱǷ²²ջʲô³Ǳ˭
ħҵΧħһ˵˶ʱ˫۷
࣬ٻ׽󷨴ʦ佻ħǿĹͣʱǲ˵ħΪħ˧û⡣
ħ˧ǿһ֮Ȼħʲ̫ȥҲңΪǸ͵סǳصĽ
λˣÿ궼Դӵ۹ȡһЦĹ㹻ңһ͵ɶˡ
˼ûԥħһųȥˡ
ھ˷ʱɱ˺ħǵڡħһıԺһЦ
׸ħʣȥǲͬնģǰйͶһ˵ģߣ׾͵÷֣;ԲٳΪħֻܳΪħ˧
ħ˧ȻǴһħǾʲôˣԣһݹ͡
ʵħһħҲħ뷨һȽħɵ֮ٸɵˡ
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ЦŭЦҶ㲻
ˣҲЦҲЦϴӦúãϵЦɣõŭӣȭͷϴ˼¡ЦЦ
ˣҲЦˣ治Цˡ콫ֻץסһȻ֪ôˡ
ˣϽϢվԼ֮øȻһЩɲݺһЩѵ·̳ɵģҲȵǿ˺ܶࡣ
桭ɵ
ģ潻ңֻܰĵϢ˵ͷóһ·ϣԭ˵ʲôģͻȻֶȫȫվԶһЦݵؿţɬԣϽ·ϡ
ɵŵ·ϤϢʱһ¶ӿˣʶĽζζζζżˡ
ΪϵϢ
ѾϢתŶȫ˹ȥ
ֵܣѧǱ㳹׸ˡ˴Ĵָ
죬ѧ㲻ԲһֱţһǵһοĴ˽ȫҡҡͷ̾ϢҲ֪λȥѧԺжѧΪ֮ᣬĿеŮӴ˾Ҳˡ
ʤӢǶ̲סЦ
ЩĵļһʱЩ£ĵôԸЦҡҡͷһһɽ⣬ǿħħĺ֮
˵˵⼸ɫص
ԣȫϵЦҲȻѾ죬һ첢ûзʲô飬һжܰڵڶϣͳħľӡ
̽ħ飬һӱ㷢ɽ󷨣ԭ׼ģ֧ʵ߼ħֻ֮࣬ϰ٣ǵʵܽȫ
ȫɱ벻ɱҲûжˣǾûٳ֣󣬴ħӱ˹ľѾﵽǧ򣬲ȴû
ҹƣڵȸ֣Ҿϴ֮£Ѿ֪󷨵ϴԸǣֲͲˡ
˵䣬ȫ¶һĨǡ
΢΢һЦصģǷô߾ǣûʲô˵ġ
ֵܣѵûио˴Ŀռʲô仯ôһص
üͷһ壬ųʶ֮һ̣ɫ͵һ䣺ǾȻ˴Ŀռˡ⼸֣ҧ³ġ
һֱ󷨺ʹ̣ԣ֪ħҲûеģΪŴ򲻹ô߾ǣûʲô˵ġ
ɴʱռ䱻סҲãζţǱڴ˴ˡ
鷳ˡа̾һ˵Բ𣬶Һ˴ҡ
֮ǰˣͳȥˡ
ֵܣôܹ㣬û㣬ˡȫҡҡͷܴҲûʲô˲ģ˾ЩħƴˣѾɱħ弸򣬾Ҳ׬ˡ
ԣûʲô˵ģھĴս֮˲ʯҲ˺ܶࡣ
ŴǵȻɫһĨɫʲôشһ㣬ãȻ˵Ǿħ֪ǵ
Ƕȥȥӹ󷨣ҵҪöҵĴ󡣡
æ
Ȼ֪ǰﲻʲôæȴûоܾΪҵĻԣֻԣԶսħ彫кܴô
ˣˣδ֣ͻȻСȮϲ
ˣôˣʵʵСȮ԰֮ҵɽȣҽ˰졣
ħֺ󣬶ȫ뿪ɽȣΪǱҪ֪ħʤӢҳȣʶҲ޷̽ȥħ̫ˡ
ΨСȮȥ̽
֪Ѿ۽ǧħӡ


149 ɴ
Ѿǧ˵дȥַ棬ֻѪǳǾż˼ħ˧ܶ࣬Ѿ۽˽٣߼һ࣬ʵǳǿ󡣡СȮг˵ǵ
ˣ취ǣ˵Ѫ¾ɽõϢѾʮħʼҪ׽㣬ϵõ󷨡
һݣ˴ħ嶯õȫԤϣʱЩħ忪ʼõҲδֵܹס
һ˼СȮʵôΧĿռģ
ħһ˵ԶսʱõķСȮ÷ʹϴǸħ
Ǹħ޵ϴξΪǸħĵû뵽˴ˡ
֮ضˣ첻ɵýüͷð죬СȮܲ취ƻǸſռķ
ССȮεǸţȫǰ˼ĸ֣˸Ͳ
ȻǾˡ棬ʲôʱҡ
ǣˡСȮޱȵǵصˣҪСһ㡣
İɣҲµġ˵ͷ
ֵܣôˣͻȻվȫʵ
û£ղСȮһЩҡҡͷ
ôȫ졣
̫áޱصǰ˼ħϰ٣һħڴѪ¾ɽǷǳڼӹ󷨣ҲԵֵסЩħֵĹ
ô죿϶¶ǵɫ
û˵ü˼Ҳû˵ֻڴĿȫ졣
ʱ˶˷磬ûа취ֻڴʲô취ȻǲζǾܲȻá
ħ壬ҲܲôˡһĨ֮ɫ˵λѾ֮ʣҪǵİ
ֵܣҪʲô˵ֻҪ;ԲжȫҲȫͷ
áͷħʵͨ󷨸ǣΨн󷨲ˡ
󷨣ȫɫһ䣬ʲôֻҪմϱߣǾޱаķΪݡ
ð죬ȫſֵܣܸǽ󷨵ô
ǷģȻޱȵа񣬵ԲôֻҪҸϵķһݵľѪ콫ҪõĽ󷨸˵һ飬˶ɫףȫ
һһ־ؿ죬һޱȿµħһ㡣
ֱð죬̾Ϣһƽʱа󷨣ôͬⲼõģħ򣬶Ѿ֮ʣҲܲôࡣ
˵ţԼĴµݸ졣
ðɣЩħﳢһ½ɴȫҲһҧ졣
ţֵҲǵĴͿռָ죬ǵĴͷһɣҲԵĴݸ졣
Ҳûпӹ˵ĴĶһԵȫ˳ȻôҽƷűࡣ
еħˡʯ£װشҡ
ѡʮгмʯƽֳʮݡ˵ţóһͼҵɽаͼ״ڳӣСĵ㣬ƻڵĴȥ󷨣κ鶼Ҫҡ
סȫȫصͷ
תȥͬʱСȮСȮ취ȥռħѪʬ壬ԽԽãҽʱ͸͹
Ըϣ˶ж
󷨣СȮռѪȫɽڳһĹӣɽȶڵÿӿݡ
۵ͷ󺹣˶Թԣ෴ھĿ־֮Ҳ˵󷨲˺档
ڿӵͬʱǲ˵ô
תһȥɽͰҪںãվڰտܷ֣øǸͼķŴ档
ֵ֣˵һɣôⶼһȥûɣؿ죬г˵ǡ
ʱɫףȫˮ͸ϢҲήӣһ㣬еĿ̵ȴޱطţͺڻ衣
Ҷ𼱣󷨿ɲôײõģҲнˡȫοŴң˵Ҳõ˵ͬǱߵһѱʯõ֤


150 ħı仯
Ҫ֪ʦ󷨵˽ԼӰ죬ǿʦʧҲǼ͵ģǰǶѷϵʯڸߴңĳɹʻһ롣
죬һĨۣ漴ޱȼᶨĶ˵ҶվˣӰ쵽ӳȥģԷħĽ
ţ˵ͷתżȥ
⣬ħȳһ㣬㣬ĽɽȰΧһֻӶɽȥ
ڴ󷽣һȺ߼ħ۽ڴˣһֻθߴɢһɿֲϵĶħŨɽȣĮĶѪǵĳǶ죬׻еȵʲôʱ򣿡
һ֮ɫĮĿħѵֻȵòͷˣұʱȥɽȽЩɱ
ˣˣǱˣٵȵȰɣѪ¾ɽħĸֺܿҪˡһצħϽȰ˵
Ѫ¾ɽħ磬û죬ǾġһħЦҾŰɣɽȱΧסˣռ䶼Ҳǽˣ޷ǾǶһЩӶѡ
Ļ쵰ֻ֪Ȩսŭĺǳг˷ŭȻ໹Ρ
Ҫñд鷳ħ˵䣬ĿŲԶɽȵħһۡ
˼ȷħħˣ˵ħѪ¾ɽĻһħ롣
ԣɫ΢΢һ䣬ȻŤͷһħûעˣһ
׻˵˵ĵط棬ˣħҲˡ
ħԶ֮ʱħħͳΣɵͻȻʮͻȻɱħħһսʮʧˡ
ħļǿҲʧˡ
ʼҶΪħӦˣˣȥ֮ȻħӰħħʱ㿪ʼ²⵱һħǲˡ
˲²⣬ħʵ۹㿪ʼ̽ħ̽ħûг֣ħҲû֮ǰǿƣںܶطʼħʵ۹Э
һħʵ۹޼ɵħһЩԭħ棬ҲҪǿзһݡ
פӵĿռѺ۵Ĵԭħɳûħ뼸֮ǱռɽΪҲħġ
Ȼħֱ仯ֻЩڸҪְľżǿ߲ףͨħ壬Ǹ֪
Σտʼħûô⼸࣬ɵħɳʮֱڰ·ը
ʧ˼ȴЩȫˡ
һħħ۹ʶ첢ͨʦе󷨸֣ܽ׽õ󷨣ǵʵǡ
пƾѹٴͳħ
ԣ˵Ѫ֮ѪǵĴƻľҲٶȵΧɽ֮С
ֻǴʱħ򼸸۹ħԼռѺ۵ȫ֪ȫʹκһҶҶԳ֡
õ󷨣ҲᱻȺ֮
ԣĸ߲㲻ѣ۽һõ󷨺󣬸η䡣
ֻϧ˭Եõ󷨣һҶ󣬶Ҳ֪һĳõ󷨣Կѹԣ˭ͬ⡣
пܾǴƽ䣬Ҳףƽ䣬˭ҲһҶ󣬵һʵƽģ֮ǰûû󷨶ûһ
ԣħĸ߲һǼ죬˭Ҳ˭ʲôʱ̸ܹ£Щ߲Ҳ
֮ǰЩ߲ͬʱ´ǽΧסУԲʽһˣˣҪǴǵļҲҪ
ԣ켸ΪȴֻƵ档
켸˷ŭѣԶħȴɽ֮гǳջϣҲǱ仯Ī⣬һʱǣһʱڴһʱֱøĪ⣬֪ʲô
ð죬ħ૵ǿߣϣܹ漣ɡ
̾ϢһħŲԶħпһۣתȥ
λصħħ峤峤֪˺ܶǰ֪ʱҲ֮ǰôࡣ
෴ڴܹ˵ء
ħˡħӵСȮħıӰصһΪǰħһۿʱͷħؿ


151 սһ
ȻħȻ˫ͷȮħеλ⣬ħΪһ壬˫ͷȮֻǿ
ǵʵ̫٣λͳ˵˫ͷȮ
УСȮɻϷɫȻʲôû˵СȮѾоħѾϳϴγֹ
ôϳģﲢֹһֻ˫ͷȮСȮ֪СȮףħû˵϶ʲôԭ
ԣ죬СȮһֱħÿħʱձüɽȶܡ
СȮһĮͻȻСȮСȮһΪһ⣬ҲԱħɫһɽ֮С
ݡ
һŨ֮УʱĽãһһѪ㱩Щħȫһ
߼ߵȵĵ˫ͷȮһȥӦûͱɱˡԭȼһĻҲȫ̲סɫ䡣
Ҫ֪СȮȻʱ䲢ãЩȴ˴ħˣȻܶ඼ûڵʵҲ൱ڰ۵ĳ̴Ρ
սСȮһֻ˼ħצħƽ֡
Ȼս˲̫󣬵ϣҪ׽ɱϾҲǾżͽħѡ
һԿɽѾǿδؾʱҲ׷ҶǧΪʲôʧôˡ
ҲǼǽİһЩ
ˣСȮһǲҰ׵ɫ㼱û°ɣ
û¡ҡҡͷռѪħʬأ
׼ˡСȮ³ý䣬˿һĻò̾˫ͷȮ츳̫ˡ
Ȼǲʹûý䣬֮һﴢƷĿռ䣬ƷԲᱻ͵ߣ㽫ɱǸռҲֻʧ飬ȫռѺ֮Уõ
Ϊǣ̽ȥĶ˿Դ˲佫ƶθɣֱǱ̬
ùСȮĻý䣬쿴һۣͷɵúܺãȴóɹһ벻ĺô
лˡСȮϲǴִβͻҡҡֱǹūš
Ӧõġ첻СȮߵղſƺõǶǰԻýȡһƿһѪƿ֮е˳֮ܵϡ
Ѫһ䵽֮ϣʱ㱻գԽԽѪգԭɫҲѪһƬ
ˡһѪɫĹâ֮бһϢӭ˸еǹϢȫɫ䣬ܲסѸȥ
СȮħ˼ħ壬ҲܲסǹޱаϢ˳Զ
治ǽ󷨣δãɢаϢͲһܹܵġȫҰ˵ڴ
ԣȫΪȻ
ڶȫ˵֮ʣЩ֮ͻȻðһӰצķɳëȻĹ֮ȥͺ֮Ŵһ㡣
˶ȫ䣬巢СǽϤһЩͶȫԣŵɫ
ء
Ӱһ죬ʳһ㣬ɱɷȥ
СġһҲһСġ
ֻΪצĹӰץ˹ȥֻ˵һֻӰ㱻飬ԭҲҪĹӰڿǰӰ³ƺо첻ǣͣҲҿ
ûЩӰ죬֮еѪһֱҲѪͣ¡
ԭΪˣһ̣ľٶȴŵһ
ֻóһذףԼȥһʱ֮䣬ѪעȪһ㣬
С쵰ǸʲôҲ̲ס˫ۺ˹ȥ
ҪһȣȫѸٳһһҽǿס
˼£ɫԽĲҰףĻ̵סص˺ԼˣǺЩħƴˣиʲộǶ߳ȥҲһӲġ
һҲˣȫ켱ӳֹѪѪˡ
ˣٷѪˣͣ¡
ֵܣͣ¡ʱѲһˣҲ̲ס˹ȥ
һѪɫ֮УͱЩӰ֣Ⱥһ㣬ǳ˹ȥ
ʱһˣվվͣˣɫǰ׵һŰֽЩ˵ĹӰʱȴ¶һĨЦ


152 
աֻӡһ̣ǴɢаѪɫˮһӿȥ
ЩѪеĹӰҲѪıǿ֮УЩ򶫷ȫˣչ̫ˣȫ
һҲվȣ˵ϣڴڵشŴ
С쵰ôˣһ嵽ǰץס󣬿ǻӿѪ˿ڣһʹϽóҩ
ô˺ԼأҪ£Ժô죬ôȥɺ͊櫽˵Ѿòˡ
ģûµġְϵĨȻ򶫷ȫ˵ǶЩԼѪɣֻŲܵ󷨵ĹҲܿе顣
ˣʵôôˡ˻ƣг˲ʡ
ԭ˶עϵˣĻעʵȴ֣ԭѾﵽʵ죬ʱȻֻһˡ
ʵһӵ˶ʮǡ
ֵܡ
ӳ˶һؿ졣
żʵֻʱˣֻҪЩħɱҲʮָܻԽ֮ǰ΢΢һЦǷģǲǴĲߣֻҪһЩѪʵ½
ʵҪ½ֺηΪ˶ԸЩħʵ½ˣҲ壬˾ЩħͬھһͺߵǰԼ󣬽Ѫεϡ
һ̣˶ˣȫߵǰ󣬽Ѫܵϡ
ѪεЩϣǵĸ֪ͻȻһЩܹоЩǳаǶɵȫһ
ۿ˵Ѫ˵ͷˡ
˵ţֿѧҲȥѪܵɡ
šûгɣߵǰָƣЩѪܵϣֱ˵ˣͣ¡
һվȫһվֻÿЦֻ鷳ˡ
ֵܣӳʲô¾ܷԸһá
ţ˵ͷָԱߵĶڽЩȥղڵĿУÿһöһѷһʯһħˡ
סȽЩʯУȻʯм䣬ٽ嵽棬ٽЩħ˷ڷΧѪѪ㽫Ʒȫ͸
СȮЩħʬȫЩУħʬ֮ٽµѪȫЩʬ֮ϣô
סͷƷæˡ
ѧ㣬չֵܰɣЩǸɾͿˡȫҲҪȥϽ
ѧ㣬չ˶ӳɡҲ˵
ţ˵ͷҲ
֣ЩʧܵʯҲȥڹȿڷĿСʱǸһǹ֮⣬ҵܲ
õġȫͷһѷϵʯҲˡ
İɣһָһ¾ͻõġ΢΢һЦ¶ĵɫ
šŵ˵ͷɫȴûһɣΪʶȻһһӵһʵ½˰ٱ½Ӱ֮ĳɾ͡
Ȼ컹밲ο䣬ǵҲ֪ħʲôʱ뾡ָ
ֻҲŻһ˿ıϣʵ½֮⣬ħƴûǸǮ
£߶һһ߼ʯָ
ʱ֮ѻָɣ͵ۣȴûһ˿ϲɫǿЦ۹Ȼرָۣһ룬ҲʱȻֻҪʱ
ҡҡͷվԱߵϽϴη
û£ϢһҡҡЦһдսҵʵֻһˣԱѣȫÿѧˡ
ֻҪҲԲħܹ˺㡣ޱȼᶨص
ѧ仰ҾͷˡǺһЦѧϢɣ˾ҡ
죬ȷʵûʲô󰭣Ҳû˵ʲô˵ͷϣָ
Ŷȫ߹ȥܿ㱻æµŵ˷֣һʱ֮䣬ȫΧ˹ֵܣˡӳû˰ɣ
޴󰭡΢΢һЦôˣ
ֻʣ¶ʮӻûˡȫЩδѪ


153 
Ǽæȥ˵ͷߵЩѾʯĿС
ÿУ˶ϸİҪϣǲмҲѪѪܵһƬֲֹ졣
һӵϸȷʵû⣬ŷġ
ʱȫѾʮҲˡ
ڼûָ֮ӴҽСȮռЩħʬȫݺĹȻٴѪ빵С
ò˵СȮʵҲ֪һʱɱ˶ħռ˵ѪȻ֮ࡣ
ŸӵĹÿȻֻһ߶ȴͨ˵ܳȳףɼȻСȮռѪҲǹѪŰ
Ҫ֪⻹ЩܵѪ
Ǻ˵ĹǾˮһѪ£Ҫʮϵħ壬˶Ѫ
СȮһʱôŪôѪ쵹ҲûжʣСȮѾ׵ͶҲصʲô
ۿҽѾ꣬ͷˣǶϢɣͽˡ
ֻߵ£ʣսӿʶ֮¾ˮһ㣬ڿдۿɼٶȣÿһͷĿӡ
飬
мӡȻ֮䣬СӶȻһѪɫĹâǲķһ֮
һ̣зãЩãȴȫѪɫļµ֮ɫаϢ
ϢǸܵʤھӢɫ䣬ʶڿȥϢҲȻѣɱȥ
첢ûˣнӡ仯ЩѪѪȻҲ÷һѪɫĹâЩĿ๵γһ޴ͼ
ֻͼǰЩͼİɫѪһƬ԰пȥһ֣ᷢһצĹͷ
ˡ
ͼһ֣ѪɫĹâõɽԭɫһӱѪɫһѪɫһ㡣
ɽ⡣
˾õ޹ֻԱɻδãͬʱ͵۾ɽȿȥ϶˾
ǿϢ
Ϣ
аϢ
⵽ô£ͬʱ϶ޱ𾪵ɫ
ͬʱЩΧɽΧħΪܲסɽﴫǿϢȫһء
ѵЩŪʲôΪֲĴˡɫѿʱɽбǿϢ֮ǰǿʮֹʱѶȾԱ֮ǰǿʮ
ɽͻȻѪɫצħɫһصĿˣô죿
ô죬ֻܼȥˡŭصսʧǳȥҲЩ쵰Լȥ
Ҳֻˡһħεҡҡͷ֪˵òʱɽﴫ⼸ż֣ҲǶ֡
ڳȥѡ
ֺãһħʻħֻ·һ
治֪ЩǺεݣȻӵд˵ȸ֡һħ̲ס̾һͬʱҲЩġ
Ҫ֪֮ǰǵõϢɽﲻһЩ꣬һЩ궼Ū˿ֲ󷨣еЩֻжǿˡ
ôξԲܷŹ⼸ࡣħҧħѾƻ½ڶ½˽⡣
ܽ⼸ץסǾ֪ڵʵԺǰ׼
ѵΪЩǴ½ģ¶֮ɫŶħ˵Ǹطأ
ҲЩǴǸطġצħҲͷǸطྭǰȻ󲿷ݳĶǸ֣Ҳ
ҲôΪħҡҡͷǰȻҲǿ߳ûһ󷨵˳˵ᣬʵ˿ֲʦ
Ǹط֮ħͱַ죬Ļ治ҳ
ԣȫüͷһŵͷͬ˶ħ˵
ܿ죬צħɻǴ½ģιģħ½ͨ崦ռѺ۶˫ĸػ߸ħ֣ǸܴƤ±ͨ


154 ʵ½
ȳֵĵطڷҶǣԶռѺۣ˵Ǵ֮йģҲӦȳѺĳǳزŶԣ
⡭ɵ㣬Ҳ֪
ɻ󲻽֮ʣȴ֪ħħǵ̸֮Ȼ¶һĨЦ૵Ӳеħ̨⡣
ħΪħڣ֪ɱȼ̫ˡ
ħѺۿռ仨ǧ겼õļħ̨Щ͸֪Ҫ֪ħľԻء
˵ţħĿɨһɽȣ¶һĨɫǵ˫ͷȮȻɽУϴҲɽȡ
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Ƕңڴ½ϵ壬һʵٽǼϣҲ׵
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ˣҶվˣȥɣǾ͵Щħˡкһһɾĵط
Ҷ֪дսҲٷϻȫһط£
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һʱ֮䣬Ҳ޷ģȫ˿ۡ
ɵǿǰʱŵɫҰףȫ
ʱɽ֮в֪ʱѾðĹӰȫɺɫɫγɣ˫ȴźӣɢſ񱩵
ȫŲմأôڰкƮƮȥ˫ȴ쳣ķȫγɵ죬һһϣűжˡ
һһ˫ɱ֮һ㣬˺ҧԷȫȻûһֱ֣һΪֹ
˷֣ǲǵĴ򶷣Լ򶷵˫˭ʤˣὫԷɣȻԼǿ
ȻʤľӢǶ֣ЩӰ῿ǣ׼ȷ˵ӦǣΪҷ֣ЩӰǷɹʱֻҪǰ״ŤͷԸٶߡ
ǵģߣΪЩӰ¶־塢ŵɫ
ǣǰƮƮצĹӰ˶ֲһʶ쿿ȥѾϡ
ǿ컹Ĵŵһѽ챧סˡ
õģǲ˺ġһͻȻ˶
ԭͽ˱ͻȻðһһѽıסͷĻС
ˣСʶĽסĺ󱳣ʱ뵽˶ɬֹֻýͷĻУ˵
ֵܣǻ˵ġعĶȫ죬ͨؿ졣
Ϊһߣһ۸֣֮ᶨҲˣѧԺԶսʱЩüӣûɴʱȻΪһ仰ˣʵЩ
ʱȴû˳ЦȫΪ˶һмȻһѽԱߵͬסˡ
ûа취̫ˣ棬̫ˡ
ҿûҪǵ˼ʼ磬һ޹


155 ħʼ
λ˹һ˵еĿ־һɢ˺ܶ࣬һӢŶȫʵӳôͻȻðôӰǶǴʲôطðģֲ̫ˣ
͵ɲйǽɲȣԩɱ¾֮۶ģѪħһ㣬ɱֻܽǴɢ
ҪǸûǻۣڵĿıΪɱ¾ҶϢǳǻ᲻ϵͬ׳Լûмޡ
ôֲԣ嶼ɵ΢΢һһ˵ôǣ
ΪʲôҸղҪǽԼѪܵЩˡ͵ЩɲǴЩѪ֮дɣǵѪϣЩɲȱоǵϢӶǣҲֶͨοЩɲȡ
ҲܿЩɲȣ˫һЩɲ޳ɳǵʥ֮Уٶħ壬Ҳ¡
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ĿԣжһĹâħܶ࣬ɲҪɳʲô£˵һ˴һֻ𼶵ɲ뿪пʥɲħԺ˭Ƕ֣
֪룬ЦЦֺ£ôףֻҪһǻ޵ˡ
ղŲ˵ǿԿֻҪɳһ̶ȣͿԽȥôĵʵ
һ⣬ɲħɲһʵĿܣǵıԾɱ¾ɣһ˵ʵ̫ܱܿǷɣӶƣΪǵĿܡЦʶ֮ɲħʵһ룬ٷ֮ٱɣΪɲħĿܡ
ȫһ¶־塣
֮ԱΪɴҪԭΪ̫̣ʱ̫һ⣬½ѡ
̾һϵ˵ʹõѪȻ壬Ҳʵһ㽫Ӱ쵽ʹɲħʵ
ǱԹֻзųѪԹԽɲħʵҲԽǿԺɳǱҲԽԣڲʱЩѪ߻ᱻٰĥгԹȻǻʱǵѪŸɡ
ѪúɲħʵǳǿǱҲֲܿԴﵽԽʥĴڣֻҪܿһֻּɲħǾ޵еġ
ͬʱּɲħһ뿪ǱĴεһɣɱֻܽɢһԹ
ò˶ãԹֻɲħʱҲʧһʵˡ
˻˶һʱǲףΪʲô첼ǰῼ
ԭΪһ᲼ִģ˭뵽ǻдħ򣬻ֱľءЦҺħ򣬾ʲô⣬ҲжӰ죬ҾҲ᲼аĴ󡭡
Ļδ˵꣬һϵ羪һ㴫˹ţѾǰΧͶǿǲ
ЩħҪˡ˶ɫһ䡣
ӡζʱ˵ǰ飬ȳһħӣû̫˵ע⣬ɨһۣ㽫Ŀƿˡ
˿ȿʱɫ䡣
ʱɽȿڣվʮɫĮ֮ɢλϢħ壬мֻħͷϵ˫ͷѪһ㣬ôۣ֮ǰĶħҲԶ硣
󣬰ϢǿǸԶһ໤Ҳ֮һִоħ塣
κһϵϢ켸ǿ󣬶ʱ켸ƽʱ߸ϵĳҲĸԸĵ˿վڹȿڣ溰
Ƕǰħ嶼ǳǿ󣬵ֲĻվǰʮħ塣
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Ȼʮħ壬ָ֡
ЩȫǾżħ֣Ƕֻվѵǰʮħʼ֣СȮ˵ʱݶڴܣŵ˵ϡ
˵˵ħʼ֣ħ֣ҲǸ߸ϵĴڡ


156 ħ
ʤھӢһɫ˲ֽȻһֱ󷨺ġ
ɴʱ԰ħֺʮħʼ֣Ҳֲ
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ôôûģЦħɳĸȷʵǵԤƣҲôƵġ
ˣ㲻ΪֵܹסһٶħʮħԼǧħĹɣŴ죬һֱäĿݵʱҲû̫ġ
ֵܷס˵ˣҲһţһȻˡŵЦЦмӡڵԭɽȵѪһɽСʮ
ˣڴѾСǿħҲнǧףЩħȻ˶࣬ǲóԶ̹ȫҲδƳ󡣡˵˵ͷҽǿƴĽӡһҪסȻ⿿һȴƲˡ
סҲ֪ڵĸãѸٽеĿ־רĵѧӡ
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οڻŪһ󷨣ΨǿǼʶǵ֪ԼνǶôĿЦڽǵŵ볹׻֮ٸһŵֻǹԹԵͶ
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צӰһ䵽ɽ֮Уһ޴ĺȻƼΪǿõɽ֮Ĵض͵һ𣬿ЩվɽȿڵĸȨȴȫüͷ
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ȻжһĨϲ⣬ʱǲǿ󣬷ɽѾΧռ䶼ˣעܲ
ʱǲµԽǿ󣬵ȽЩץסǵõҲԽǿ
ǷὫ󷨸ǣȴһҲģΪħֶΣ׽ǵļѳȡ
Ҳ뵽֮Сһλħվŵһžżħ˻֣ʱλżħɽȱԵ
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һȻɽеѪﴫһ̣ЩѪһӿйƤѸٵСգۼ䣬ٴСΪһֱֻʮ׵İԲ塣
ˣӸղŵĹѾ쵽ǵļˡȫ¶˷ܵɫܹһǧĹѾ־ϲˡ

һһͺһ̣ħȫʱͬʱ֡
Ȼһһ̣һʮһ㣬ò弶ħʿվȣᡣ
ˣǧΪĿɽ֮һȦһ뱻ΪԼά󷨡
һΪ磬ɽȺ
ټ֮ǰɽ֮ǰһĹûȫɢȥ߽һЩԭΪվȵħʿǿϮǽһЩĳԶˡ
һЩǿģ򶫵ᣬõħ˲Ҳ


157 ʱ
ǻҵĴħɫѿǹɽȵģɽû£ǽŪǱ
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ЩūûľʿǵûȤȥܣЩʿȴǸе衣
ǳְɡмĶħǵʵһ֣ҾͲƲˡ
áҲһɻеҲû˭ԡ
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ͻȻǿϢ籩һʶõ֮ڵ弶ħʿܲסȻըЩȫˣڵϣ
߼ȫѹſڵϣᵯá
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ħһӿʮħʻδ֣ǰĿռΪܲסǵħˮһ
ʦϣܹٴ漣ɣԶħʮħʳ֣аš
֮ǰʮħʼδʱǴħλ֮ߣ켸λҲö֮
ʮħʼֺǵµͳ׵ʧȥִվû
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ǿʤӢǿǿֲĹ˶̲סֱ̿ˮǲԾĲ
Ÿʲô֡һͺȣ˫ѸٶһµĽӡз֮С
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ΪҪǣ֮ǰѾ˵ã˭ץסʦʹѻȡеϢ
ѻһޱаķǿȡһļ䣬ѻ֮󣬴˶ｫΪһ׳ա
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֮ǰֻԼй󷨵ϢϢûԼζţ֮⣬ϢǶ
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һ̣צӰѪɫãͬʱһռѺٴγ֣֮ǰǵռѺۻ㼯һγһԶ޴ĺڶռѺۡ
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Ǿ޴ռѺ۳ֵһ˲䣬ʣµצӰѪɫãȫ˽ȥ˱仯õʮħƲѡ


158 ޹
Ƕٳ֣Ϊħʵʵռͳܲסٳֻ֣ЩռѺԽԽ
пܽʦԼΧǧħȫɡ
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統ħ½ĿռѺһ㡣
ħػռѺ۶ЩðһռħпܱԷơ
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159 ǰ
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һħƼһУ˼µħһӦӰʱħԽûҲ
˭Ը⿴ԣǱħҲнƵģᳬħĵߣһʳĲ취ħʵ
ðɡܵ˵Ŀ⣬ħ΢΢һЦɫ֮żָ֮߰ɫȻĿͶԶħ
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Щħʿʳһ㣬ѪƬɡ
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˿ֲĹҲԵֵסӣֻҪһƣеĲˣôʰԡ
ΪЩħʲ֪ǲĴԲŻþӿԽݻ٣֪ʱ¾Ͳôˡ


160 а
֮УʤľӢȫɫҰףľһվһһ־վ嶼ɪɪ
һͷĻУսĸ֪ȫգ䱧ס
һеԭ򣬾֮еĴս
ս֣뿪ѧԺμ˵ѡ𣬾̫Ĵս˻ħﶼϵĶ١
ѪȳǼˣҲΪ֮ݡ
ɴʱĴսȴסˣΪһĻֲ̫ˣ̫а̫˼ˣζܲˡ
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֮УΪû˵ĿƣЩħҲûܵãĹ֮еЩϢޱɲȴһʱ䷢ħ
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ħǴ˷ģ֮࣬ɲʼֻһǧֻ͵ֵסܿħǵķ
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ĵ治䶯ͺʲôҪӵһ㣬һ̣ħŨصԵ
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һֱͻȻԵһȭһֻħһֻѪܵĽͻȻһħʿֻһԴͻȻҧһֻħʿĲӻǶ䡣
ֻҪһˣټᶨֲһĻҲڵء
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Ȼܲ뿴ǰܶǣĿ⿴һ򣬶Ӳá
û˻شΪʱ˶һ˫ۣսӵĸ֪ȫգ˵ΪʱǶѪ֮ϣЩͲ˺ǡ
սһֱɲȻкܶ඼ɢˣǺָֻܿˣΪħʵ̫࣬ǵʵָܻܿ
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ʬȣǾ͸˵ʼȻʵǺǿϵħʬ岻٣һ֮ʵѸٵıǡ
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161 ħ
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ǣҳ塣һħʸֿħһħʸҲѧøһħȥ
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һģѸٶȳ֣֮󣬳İħȫǵ֮Уʬ궼ɲħʬȵʳ
ò˵ħȷʵǲɶõĸ֣Ȼûþͱôˣǳôһɱ˽ǧʬȺʹɢɲȡ
ҺɲȺܿ»ָǼһʵֻҪħ岻ϵĹɲȾͲûʳɲɳ
ʬȣǵûµԴЩձɱħʬʬȣʬҲᱻʬɣҲ˷ѵ
ڸɾ޴鷳ͬʱЩżħҲɲȺʬȴ˾޴ϣֻɲڽż
ʬȸֻ˾żҲΪʵıǵ׸ߣԭĺɫҲʼɫת䡣
Ҫ֪ʬȻûɲȴɵĽ֮Žɫת䣬ǳΪ֮ĵһ
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ĸҳɣȫõҩʯѸٵĻָϾħֲ٣˭֪ʲôʱ


162 ֮
ףǣһֱۿɽȵħͻȻɽеļսʼЩԭħǽȥʼ䵭ѪʱӿŨ
˫һħһصѵǵֵסЩħĹ
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лˡСȮϲܵǰԴ˲ȡ
ȱлңҲôõõġЦʱȻħܿ죬ҹƵ߼۷ͻƵ˼ȴôס
ڰ˼֮󣬹⿿ЩͼħˣҲ΢΢֪˵ĶԲԣ
ǵˡСȮħȻħʵɵħ䱾𣬶̫Ч
⣬ͻƵȼҪǳĴ󣬾ЩĺҪͻƵ˼ҲҪǧĻ۲ܹͻƣûκֵ֧ģûĻۣͻƵ˼
ţ˵ͷȻһͻƵȼôѣħƾħʵһֶΣڿֲħǶˡ
ҸһѡĻᡣ쿴СȮҿ㽫ʵ˼ϣ˼۷壬ȴҪΪ֮һЩĴۡ
СȮǰĻдϲĻʱסˣҪȷʵЩˡ
һ뵽ʵô࣬СȮܲջˣҪ


163 һ
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164 
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һۣЦĺ񣬵ǳʱǸѪҪεھȻ˵һֱһҶǲһˣǱˡ
ҪɳġĮص֮ǰҵȷʵʺϳΪһߣҸıˡ
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ֻҪĴ۲̫һ׼ҲΪ
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ԣȫĬˡ
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ҵģ뷨Ҳ뵽ģ˵ҲǶӳֵԣһߴȥɡһЦŤͷ˵ˣҪˣԣҲ̫ģ󷨼Ȼһôһʹõġ
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ѪħĿֲּѪħֻҪΧѪǾǲĴڣּѪħħҲǷëǡ
ȻΪ׽󷨴ʦħѪ


165 Ѫħɲ
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ħһ£׼ħɽ֮г˽ȥΪ֪ȥԳȥȫ弶ħʿ
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ħúͣ˷ȫÿһϢǧʿɽȵĴ֮С
ܵǳɱ֮һǷֳħʿȫǵͼħʱҲͲˡ
ѾǼǰôʱǰһħʿЩսħʿѾ
ɲȴﵽ˼ľ٣ȫ߼ʬȣдﵽ˾żģȫǰ˼
ǲ֣ɲȺʬȱɵĽЩħʿˡ
˵֮ǰµѪѾ׳ΪϣôٴӣһپżħҲ׵ֵ
˿һ󣬰üͷ֣Щħ֪ҵʵǻɳЩͼħأ
ǰҲЩأҲü΢壬ĸ첲
ǰȻ˼˼ǰʾ֡
ŴҾһ࣬Ҳ׵ķſԼĸȫ˳
֪ˡ΢΢һЦмӡʱȫǵС
Ѫħһ۱㿴ɽȵѪħ˶ɫ䣬ѺۿռʱѪħסҲһ²ɱ
Щħڸʲôˡ¶һĨЦ˶ɻĿ⿴ʱѪħѪΪֻҪѪĵطǱǲĴڡ
ȻЩڽЩͼħģǾҪѪɽȣȻѪħʱЩѪħ޵еġ
ýƻļһ
յļһ
ò̵ļһ
˶һΪץסǼ࣬ħȻʿ£ֻҪһ֪˶
ΪʲôҪôأɻֻҪʮħʸֶɽȺÿ˳ɽȵĿռ䶼ҲͱɣûҪôֽŰɣ
⣬Ҳ֪
Щħôྡྷ϶ıЦ⼸ħ֮󣬾ʮħʸٳ֣Ҳɱǡ
ˣǷôྡྷҹ׽ǡСȮͻȻ
׽ǣȫصƺħûʲôðɣ
ħûʲôã˶ħȴáСȮ˻һ˶һΣСȮȴûˣ˵ֵ̫ܹǧĽκһΪС
һ󷨣ôʵǣΪħİҪ֪ص󷨣ħͲᡣ
üͷһ壬ԭ׽ǣϵõ󷨣ǾǸģһὫһǡ
ǸᵣǣֻҪǵϣǾͿԶʹѻ꣬еļ䶼ǳСȮɫصص
ħȻаַھӢɫһףѻַǰѧԺͼҿء
Ϊ̫аڼǰͲʹãΪһĽַʧû뵽ħȻС
ħУⲻһСַûʲôаġСȮΪȻصħһɱ¾бΪ壬̫ħ嶼ܲסַ
磬һЩ֮䣬Էɱ֮ΪйޣԷȻûϼʮ꣬ޱߵʹ֮УЩַħʲô


166 ħʽҲ
˻˶һ嶼΢΢һʱǼʶħжа
СȮûʹ˱죬ڲõ֮Уǽ󷨣вʹá
ħΪɴвΪʵ嶼
ʲô취ֻҪʵǿҶ˵ʲô
ղ˵Щѻַ֮꣬Ҳ᣿һؿСȮ
ܵСȮһϽǵġ
ȻԺңǾ͵ĹأЩַԺԲʹãҲܸ߱ˣ򡭡һĨɱ
ǣˣСȮԲҽǸ߱ˡСȮʱͻȻʶ컹ΪħʣҲֻҪһͷܽɱ
ղŻΪʵ緢뵽ЩһӱйƤޱȹɵǰҲҶ˵һ仰
һ۹⣬ˣħѾֹͣ˽ЩѪħӦҪˣҶ׼ɡ
ֵܣǴ֮ȫѪɱЩħôȫһбصѪЩĵؿ졣
ģڴУҾ񡣡һЦû⡣
²һħһͣѪħˣѪħһѪɲֻ˼Ѫħ塣
żվ棬Ŀתؿ¡
ȻӸղħĽУѪɲѾ˴󲢲򵥣Ϊ˱﷭˴ȥ̽һ·
˼Ѫħһ֮УܵʬȵĹ˼ʬһżʬȶǱһȭźһѪħʱΪѪ꣬˴֮С
Ǽֻʬ㶵ؿǰһãûǻۣеֻǱܣɱˣȻɶԷ
ɱ˶Էȴûκζɡ
ʬȲ⣬˷ܸɲڿû֮ҲǳĲ⡣
Щûǻ۵ʬȺɱ˵ҲƬ̣ڴεѰµ
ʶȫһ𣬴ʱĸоѪħ뵽˴еЩħѪҺ֮УѸ߹
ѪħȻһޱȹ壬㲻ҴһôڽҵĴҲҵѡһЦмӡһ̣еѪѪһȫû˵£ֻʣ緱ǵһǵѪڴ֮С
áѪħʶΣգǻΪǵѪħѸٷѪħ
Ѫħ۳ɣûŪô£׼Ķȫӡһ̣ãѪħٴνɱѪ⡣
ģۣҪһǡһЦ𡣡
֮УʣµʤӢѸٵһӡ
񡭡
Ѫ֮ʱɫ棬¶ߣɢžžѪħѪ
Ѫħڴ֮зĲҽУҪΪֻǲʩչΪǿķ
ϧÿһεҪһʱ֮жܼĽãǸ顣
𡭡
ѪħҽӦģɲʬȷ֮ǶԣĿơ
οŪĻǿ뿪һܵǿֲĻ棬ȫƴƴԱ߶ȥ
ҺĻֻǽѪħ֮Χطûл棬ҪȻЩɲʬȿɾͱˡ
ɼҲʮɲʬ˻֮С
Ѫħĺвϣϵţڴ֮УǸ޷ӳ죬ֻܸܵԼѸٵϢ
⣬ʮħͻȻѪɲ΢΢һɫҲһӱѿ¼авãæʵѪɲʲôˣ
ˣȥȫˡѪɲĮųŭݡ
ԣʴ󾪣ôܣôѪôôͽѪħɱˣѵ񣿡
ڴ֮Уȷʵ񡣡ѪɲɽĴŭ죬ϸǱһǿõʶٶ˵һ仰
ԭʻΪѪɲʲô취Ը죬ȴڰ֮ѪɲͻȻһתԱߵһżѪħǻѪ¾ɽ
ʲôʮʸֶûзӦΪˡ
д˴ڣǾħʣٽȥҲɡѪɲĮ˵һ±Ҫߡ


167 Ӱ
ħʸһһʸϽǰѪɲѪɲȵȣħУɱͬ壬ѵ͸뿪Ͳ뽫ЩʬΣ
˵Щǿ󷨣ղҲʶ󷨵ǽ⼸׽סȡǵļ䣬ǵ󷨣Ѫħһ壬ħ򳹵׵޵С
һжǰѵľô
԰Ѫɲż¹ôȥ鴫ȥһΪЦģϵһ۵㡣һħʸȰ˵
ѪɲˣܿԼԲһ۵㣬յ󷨶Ҳźܴ
ðɣҾٵȵȣҵ˵ûȫİգǲٳֵġ
áʮħʸͬʱͷһ˶һղɹҲһġ
ħ壬ֲѵ飬ܶ˶ȥ
Ѫħ˴һ죬ûиõİ취ֻӲͷȥʵӰ
ûа취յ󷨣ĴѾȷʾ־ڱصãԲܳκβ
ͬʱѾԲϧκֶΣǼ֪ӰзգҲֻӲͷȥ룬û취Ȼʼ֣ҲŽûжãڸȻλ磬滹бǸǿĴڡ
ЩӣҲ׵ʶ󷨵Ŀֲ֮⣬ԴҲ۲úܡ
ֵǣȥӰ˻ʱȴûӰһѶ֪֮ԭӰԸ˵ͻƵļ󣬲ܴš
ϢʮʶľѣӰھ˿ֲͻƣħǼ֮⣬ûֵܵסȻˡ
ħǲѣħħǿ־岻ѣӰݺħ󼸴ָʩѹӰؽħӴ徻ˡ
ħȴӴ˲ðħʱӰĽЦ֪֮жħеħʧЦ֮УΪĿܡ
Щʼ֣ǽЦжƽУʹҲҽӽѺӰʮ֮ڡ
ڶ˿ֲʵͻƣǼֱħĩա
һȥΪ󷨣ǴӰͻҲϧħһҧԸˡ
˶ؿħ⣬ħͻһһϣԺͻƲ֪õȺ£ħȻҪӰͻơ
뵽ӰħĹϵ֮ҲȻΪھϵǰͲӰͻƱϣԺҲͻơ
ԣӦ
ħȥıӰħһĨŨصĺ⣬аŰɣǽѣһҪʬΣԱЩǶǵ衣
ǲ֪ʮħΪ˶ԸǣѾȥһֲĴڣѪħɱ󣬴ҿħûٽĴ㣬ˡ
ħһƬԭϿգӰӾһ㣬԰շٶȼ죬߼ħҲ塣
֣ȫϢﵽ˷豹ľأû¶һ˿ѹ
ħһú֣ΪǰǸħħʼȻʸ׷÷ǳǱ
Ҫǣ׷ǶħħʼֵĻһǧģջŮӣңŮӵʵɢϢԸоʵԱǰĶħʵʵ
ħ磬СõȶʹˣҪ㱳ǺǡŮĶǰĶħʸֵǽĵһȫĹͷˡ
˵֮ʣڵŰ˫ȵİ͸ɴã¶޵Ĵ⡣
ǰĶħħʲûа㾪ϲȫһͷ϶亹ǰٶȸӵĿ˼ֱ֣ƴƴ
ħúݵġŮٶҲٴεļӿ˼֣ŵǰħȫһҪķɱ
ʱħг˺ڣԭ˵ӰҪͻƣŻȡ󷨵ĻᣬͻƣϾӰȻҲħĸ֣ħһħɲѺá
һʵٴαǿùľǡ
֪ӰҪͻƣǲȥҵһڣŴҵӰʱӰ֪ı
ӰɲһҶʹı˶ˣħ⵱Ȼ֪ı֮ģ㱼Ŷӡ
߾ôһ׷һӵ˳
У˾һ㣬ΪӰûа㷢ŭı飬෴һ
ֻҪǶӰһЩ˽˶֪ӰԽ֤Խջ


168 ЫŮ
ħͣһͣ£ͺп⵽ӰĹĸ֣һ٣ֻҪҲˡ
ħһĹǣǲʹñģǵĹǵһƲһЦ֮С
ֻҪУǾͽԶūۣΪǵĿܣʧȥңûлָĿܡ
ԣʱӰĽЦħоԷٻٻֲ
֪ҾͲȥɷˣòĴҲһ˵£ӰٶͻƣԺԶħǡ
ħ磬ٲͣĲˡӰ˫ˮؿħ⣬Ȼͣ
ħⲻòͣ£˺þãӰҲκңҲǴֻҪ㲻´ͣ°ɡ
˵ţħһתٹӰɽȶȥ
ӰϵЦһĨɱһһ̣ٴθֳ˵ĽЦħ磬̫ˣ۸˼ңȻô˼ң˼ҵСĸζŵֱͨͨ
ϣӰǸʵظһӿһ̣Ϊһ磬ħ˹ȥ
ħûᱳӰȻôһջĽεεŮ׷ħ廹ˣֻҪһԣ̲סġ
ӰʵһЩõħҴ⣬ÿηӰľ̵һ֮ڣӿٶȣߵľ
Ϊֻ˫ľﵽȫֵסӰȻ֮
ߺܿ㵽ɽǰʮħʸһӰˣ˲ѣ׼ǰ䡣
ɴʱӰĽЦȴȴˡ
û뵽ﻹôλӰӰܳ
ӰĻޱȽöȫᣬһƮƮɵĸоõΧħ۾ֱˣֱ㶵ؿķ
׼ǰħʸһʱɫ䣬һǺźǿͷϳѪǱźɶȥ
ӰһӰѾ䵽ɽȿڣЩһʮħʸ֣ŭӰԶλ粻ǰӭСãȻܣѵӰǲɡ
һʮħʸȫһһ˸Ͻ͵ӰϢŭҵʵ΢ʵԵֵ˵ϣϢŭ
ħһб壬鶼ʵԣǵʵﵽħʼ𣬵˵Ҳֱֱ
ʮУһӰҲҪʵҪǿҪִ򶷣ӰǵĶ֡
ȴ͵ֵסӰȻ֮Ƕ̹׵ˣӰŮΪˡ
̫ˣûгһͼôˣ̫ˡӰһСһ㣬ֽЦѡ
ӰǻӣʮħʸֶͷðһѵĺߣǱ˸ôǿЦͱ˺궼ʣˣǰӰȴҼԡ
Ӱˣ֣ɽƷѪɲͻȻħɫܲÿħȻ̫֮ǿˣѪħҲֵס
ղűʮħʻܵÿ죬û취ħȻֱ֮ӹ꣬꽫ūۣ츳ٱ̬ٲ걻ūۣҲֻܳΪܡ
ԣӰ˾콫ɽƷѾãٽˣҲûȥΪΣʮħʷ׷׳ڡ
ֻҪɽץסǱԻȥľ㶵ȻϧĴڴһ
ǵĿ滵˼һСԶûϢһ£ǾҪ£ǾͲ°˼Ӱʮħʷһۣŵ˸ϽĿƿ
û취ӰȻ֮Ѿ֮УͬʱҲ˹һһ޵ջ
ʱԱʣµǧħʿ˫۴ͣˮؿõ֤⻹ջЩʿ
ʮħɫһ죬֪˵ʲôʱһֱɽħȴӰǰһ񣺡ˡ
ЦˡӰħ¶һޱȲõЦݣõħЦ˲ʧҺǶħһ壬Ȼ֮źǿĵֿһЦЦʧ
࣬ҲûʲôֻһֱЦ
ԶʮħʸһۣӰһЦȴ괫ЦʵЩô
Щ඼ᣬӦг꾫Ӣǲ֪ôħģӵĿռѺ۶ûЦǵ󷨺


169 н
֮ǰڷҶһɽв´󣬲ɱ˽ǧħڰ·Ͻһħħʸָɱ
˴Ѿǰ˽ǧʿһٶħʮħ֣ҲûƳ֮ǰѪħҲԹˣħ˧Ѫħ档
ôӰһȤҺ˵˵
ԶʮħʸֺѪɲӰЦվһۣ֪ӰЦ˽ҲûдţôվԶš
ЦӰ˵һЦЩսӰ˫¶ϲɫһЦʵȻûдռѺ۹᲻Ǵꣿ
ܡЦֿ϶صȻʵףȴû󷨣ôǿ󷨣ħͱַ죬Ƕ治ҳ
⵹ǡӰЦ˵ȴɻѵȻǲģ˵Ǵأ
ӦǱ߲õħ̨Ǵ͹ġЦԼĲ²˵˳趨ħ̨ʱΪ˷ֹ˷ħ̨ע⣬ħ̨һ͵
ֻҪഥħ̨˺ѿռ䣬ǿнΧ͵ħȻʧһħ̨ȴ̨ܹ֤ܣע
һȷħ̨Բű͵
ԣӰ˼Ƭ̣ϳЦĲ²⣬Ϊħ̨֪ԶЦ֪ø磬֪øࡣ
ˣȥϢɣ๵ͨһ¡ӰЦһɽ
֮УͻȻ䣬һС磬ʮħǧΧţȻ
һ죬ڵѪӿһĪĸд궼һ㣬޲ȥѰǸˡ
áɫһ䣬Ͻ񣬴߶ս궯ѹȥ
С磬ܸСãǴôǸջٴõòײѹȥ궯ٴη
졭һŭһ̣߶ڵ֮һɹϵϱ˲㽫еջ֧֮顣
źߣӰɫһ䣬һƺߣǹ֮£ܵһЩ
ˣôˣЦæܹӰס
ӰɫĪ𾪣оϲڴҲзŭһſЦû£İɡ
£Ӱٴξ۽Ŵ֮̽ȥ
һ̣ɿͻȻ֣ԼʶжһǧĵŮˣŮ˴ݰףüۣѩɴļ֣ϸݵıȽϸǴﵽѣһӶ࣬һ١
Ͷ䶼޵ջ󣬲˵Ͷ䣬Ӧ˵һ˿һջ½΢΢üգۣʧֱһ
ֻҪԣ޲ȥ˵úõ۰һ
Ͻ߶֮һߵֵӰջһ߾ؿ˭ٲ뿪Ҳ
СܵܣģҶû˿ĵ⡣ӰǺһЦõвãϽȻûá
СܵܣˡӰһƵС쿩ֱЦ
һ죬Ӱ˵ٻӰΪħΪǿĴڣħʼֵֶסȻ֮
ο졣
Ͻһŭʶһãԣһ֮һһɢŹϢӡ
֣ϼһᣬҲӰӰ졣
һħʱһ䣬漴¶޵ľϲ֮飬ѵܲǿ󷨣ԭλ˵ĵӡ
ô֪㵽˭ӰĻɫҲ͵һ䣬֮ܣΪ׽˶ûж֪û뵽Ů˾Ȼһھͽ˳
˵Ҷûж⡣ӰЦɣȴȻ֮෴ǻѣҵѾ˼ˡ
Ӱ쿴ƺûʲô⣬üͷһ壬ɻң㵽˭ղ˵Щʲô˼
ħһ峤ħӦ˵ɡ˵ħʱԸоӰŭ
ѹôа̾һȴԽŪǰŮʲô˼˵Ϊһħ峤һħһǳ⣬λ峤ӦýǣӦ
û˵Ӱѵ㲻֣Ϊħһ峤ȻԼĳƺ
ŲʣҲ߳ˡһȻص


170 Ӱˣһ
СܵܣӰһЦû˵һ磬һֽܵܵħķ֮һ㶼ûм١
ʵǲħ壬ڼǰΪһ⣬ħһץģǵҲħǸǿ߿ǵȻ츳ԸȡΪħӰ˵⻰ʱһĨŨصĺ⡣
ʲôϵΪʲôҪңü֪֮ʲôϵ
֪ħıʲôͲôˡӰǺһЦɻ󲻽֮ʱӰϹãһһֻѩ׿ɰСꡣ
ֻֻɰС걳žĴβ͡
βͫһôǾβ
ãһӰֱǸǧĵŮӣЦʲôܵģβĹǣǵĹֶξȻ֮ң㵽˭һоô½ûоβǰĵϣЩ񻰴˵Ծβ嶼ûʲôõۡ
ɴʱǰȻһβòɣѵβǱħִӵץġ
ȻһֿܣǰŮ˲֪ʲôֶλȡԼļ䣬ȻûԻԼ
ֲ²⣬첢̫ţûж֮飬Էп֮ߣӰܹԻס
»ԻסͱԷūˣԷͲҪǰʲô
Сܵܣ㿴ҵ˵ļȻλ˵ӦͬһطɣӰЦѣЦ֮г˼
Ӱ콫鶼ˣЩ飬𾪵Ըӣð춼ûлعΪһ̫棬̫أ̫˼ˡ
ð죬ŻعӰڻȷʵ˵ʵԣԣҪҰ㣬ó
û⡣ӰԵЩص˵ɣҪôó⣿
£ǱطһԽŵЩħʸֻɱǳȥڶƻռķҲѸȥѡһ
Ӱüһ壬ʮħҪɱǲѣǶֵסҵȻ֮׽ץסҪƻǷռķҲѣֻҪһӻ֡
ǣһЩͻᱻ֣ħһͷҺҵͬҷ˼꣬ҲûʲôҵЩͬȴܿǱĥ
ô˵㲻ѡˣüͷӰ
Բڻܱ¶ӰˮĴ۾һԹؿҾҼŸĺô
ħȻ걻λ˽ɱɱĻָʵѾˣʮѾЭ飬ֹͣڶȫ½
Ȼڲ֪ʵΣܹ񣬵ʱٴʤҲǲʤҼħǽҪͷʱҿԸһĴ
쿴Ӱû˵ӰĻеȷŲӰŪǷģȴӰȵһ˿
˼һðɣ취ǶŪЩɡ
Ӱһû뵽ôһҪ󣬵Щĵصѵ㲻ǽĴƣ
ƣЦƾǣ
ðɣһħӰͷʶ˳ȥ
һ壬ֲûʲô⣬üղӰ˵Щúûһ飬ԭҵһģ˰죬ûһ
ˣħٴԼһʼ˷Ľû˿ĵģֻҪʮħʲ֣Ͳ塣
ھʮħԳ֣ԴҲ޻ء
ħ˴Լʱֱʣµľȫ⣬ͣ¡
ȻӰЦѾһЩ㣬Ǿ͸־ܰɣ
Ӱ˵⻰ʱţҲûпԱߵʮħʶϲѡ
ʮħڴĿУӰʹȻ֮ɽĴϮȥƬ̣ɽϿյѪٵɢȥ¶صݡ
صѪƣɽȶһ׶࣬ȻʱʮħʸȴûעЩһ˷ܵؿЩħʬϱͷꡣ
ͿҪӰ˿ˣ֪ˣ͸ħ緢һ˷ܡ
ħʸȻҲǳ˷ܣȴǵǣ౻Ӱȫƣħƽ޹ʵĶһ󷨸֡
ǽЩϷָҲѧϰа׵һ󷨸ÿ졣


171 Ӱˣ
ʮλħʸ־ûʧǣɽǵϱͷ
鲢ûгãͻȻһȣϱһԶŵϢһ̣ͼǵӰɫһ䣬˵һһѪ˳
һֻ̣мӡɢȥѪһӿ֮£ٴνɽ֡
仯̫죬ۿҪɹȻֹһõʮħʸ˵ζ
Ӱˣû°ɣʮħʸȫӰҪ׽סЩ꣬ÿȻʧˣǿ˳Ч֮ǰ˶ûпʧǧʿ
ɴ壬ҾͲһ겼µ󷨣סҡӰһĨǵѪʮħʸִ
ܻӡ
ӰǼŤҲٿǵѪʮħʶһۣӰ˷ŭǻǵһο
ǰʲô£ɶһЦ
ӣγ˲СĿʮħаţħʹȻ֮ԻƵˣʵһ깥ͬʱһˣҲ˵øأΪֱ˵ġ
΢һ£ʮħվٴεɾӹӰҪ󣬱ϾǶûа취ΨӰУȻʧˣһϣ
ˣû°ɡЦӰԱһ½Сݣһĵص
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ղڵʹֱʤӢǣҲѸԵ
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ǲصģҴûŹЦûнЩŪ֮ǰǲȫġ
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ʵ»ǹ̫⣬һֱΪ󷨣˴ǽΧסҲͨ뿪ȴû뵽ħƷ壬ȻҲóռı
ӳ㲻ʵѾúܺˡվϾͻħ򣬶ħһ㶼˽⣬һӣʱˣûŴħôֵ׷»
ţȫͷͬ
лҡмؿˣõһЩοЩΪ˴ҵæµûа׷ѡ
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תһ¹ȥӰҪ֮£ʮħʴӸǰǧӰչ˺üεĹ
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ȻˣҾˣЩ쵰ѾûоȫҲٴȥˡӰЦһʲô£ϵ
Цüͷһ壬ϴǸɽȣʹȻ֮ǵǸ
һ˾ȻһСŮƳ˼ǲ̽һʵӰ췭˸ۣõһ˴æϣ¾ô˰ɡ


172 
Ӱˣޱȵŭ֮ʱҪħй󷨵飬һʶٻʰǡ
ЦĻ˵Ц۲ı仯⣬ҲЩ࣬ˡ
Ӱ뿪ħʮħʸŭɣ˭ûпӰһӰɰħˡ
ÿһʧ֮ӰܻᷢйһͨȻӰйĶֻЩͨħʿʮħʸҲľӰŭйϡ
ÿһӰʧ֮ʮħʶӵԶԶģʧ¾ӰʹȻ֮һѳֲסһӿɾˡ
ӰˣʮħȻһͬʱַԭӰΨһϣΨһϣҲˣǶ֪ôԸɽĴˡ
ȻħֱӳȥǵħʵʵʲôǲƵġ
飬˶ʾͬ⣬ߵɽȣóȥʱ˶һ
һ׻ԽãԽλߣˡ
ˣħˣʮ˳Ծ˿ͷòײħʼΪ֮ˣ֮ʱĻȥðȥ
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ʱԳݣԸԳ֣⻹жδ֪Ŀ־塣
ڣڿǧħϰħ֮ˣҪ֪ǵʵһħҲúһֽŲɱ
Ӷûõħȫˡ
Ǽǧʿ˵ǧħһɽҲɽȸˣɽȸûжͺʲôҲûзһ㡣
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ϧǵٶȻ˰ģǻδԼλϣħе
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һ̣ãԴ֮ƿնһǣֻһռѺۣգ۱㵽֮ǰ
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ȻȣĽãҪö࣬ȴ̫࣬ɰǧÿһζͨħһ
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ħʸֵĹǿֲģοǸߴħʵĳǿȫһһըǿֲĿ֮£ռ䷢ʹһĻһӡ
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𡣡ѾԼλϵʤӢǣҲѸ֮ǰ̹ǵĽӡ
һ̣һɢޱаϢĹĻȻԴϱڴϿγһ֣һж
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ĿռѺۺܿ㵽ǰԭ÷ǳĿռѺۣһǵ֣ͺǿеסһ㣬Ȼһֹͣӡ
ôܣôܣôֹռѺ۵ӡɽʮħʸ־һ㣬ȫ
ǿɶĸ֣ȻܹóǿռѺ۲ΪСˣԲͣģǱǹָǿֹˡ
˵ǹֵǿȳ˿ռǿȣ˺ѿռѺ۵ƻ


173 ȫܱ
̫ˣôвôǿ󷨣ȿռѺۻȶʮħʸж˾ֱ˷ܣɽţǵɫֱѿ
ð죬ħſǿħǿߵˣȷʵǵõ绢ڵҪƿ󣬻׽Ҳôס
ҾͲţħȻƲһ˱಼õ󷨡ħܵĪ裬˫צ΢΢ȫħӿɽݺݵץ˹ȥ
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ǿռѺѿǰʱղһȻֹͣ
һ֡ŭԱߵʮʸŭ
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Ǹδ֪λʵǿУ̫ǿǾпͨռѺ۴ͨλͨħ򡣡
ⲻħ޴Σ֮УͬʱҲӰǶļƻ
һħʸҲȰ˵ħˣʹãǳе𡣡
ҪһٳְɣռѺ۵ĿȣʱԻϣʱٳҲ١
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Ҫ֪ÿһռ䣬һռڱţռȴ֣ƻȴޱȵļ̣㸶ٱҲδܴơ
ԣռռ֮䣬һٱƵġ
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ԼߵĿռںƣ˻ͨ½ĿռѺۡ
ȻҲ½ԹĿʼ
겻ཫ½ĿռڴƣʣҪҲҪĴۡ
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һףͳϵķΧ壬һЩСˣ㲻ҽΣҲϣ̫أ޷ˣκãҲһ˺ۡ
ۿʮħʲЭҲ̫һˡ
Эˣʮħʸһ
ת۰ʱȥռѺȫϣʮħʸһۣûϻѾʼħ
ʮȻ֪˼Ҳϻȫħӿ
֮У쿴ʮħʼֵľٶ˴ֵǣǵʱˣңǸء
סߺһ̣ħʸֵĹѾϷ
ʮצӰÿһɢޱȿֲĻ֮һ·һƬռ䶼ɢ飬¶һ޴ĿռѺۡ
֡ȫһͺʤӢ˫Ѹٱ仯ѪɫãǵǰۣȻƿ籩һ㣬
䡭
ĺÿһõô𶯣Ǵ֮ڵĶȫˣǾ޴֮£Ҳȣöᡣ
ûд󱣻ħˣǵһ㣬òϷӿõǵ嶼һģϽ
ʮħʸַӦ죬ѸٷɵУǵӸסǺĿ籩Ϯ
ǿɶħʼ֣ЩǷģȻܹܵ˹лĿ籩
ǽһ
ʮλħʸͬʱ֣ǿ񱩷籩һʮһʮħʸһܺͻǿ
ο֮ĽãҲһ㲻ǵ
еĹ㼯һ𣬻ΪĿ籩ҵֵ
һһĿ񱩷籩ʮλħʸɫòҰףѸȥ
ϧǷ籩ٶ̫ˣħʼ֣ٶҲȲ
ʮλָתܳʮףͱǿ񱩷籩׷ϡ
䡭
籩һȺӣݺݵײʮλϣõʮλ־һ߷ɵĴʯͷԼΪֲٶȣڰлһߣ˳ȥ
һֱɳǧףʮס


174 ޼ƿʩ
ۡλʵԽħʵſ³һѪħʸҲò˶٣һĨѪɫòҰס
ʵǿҲʺһ䶯ȻûѪɫȴҲһҰס
ʱʮλħʸֶûʱԼȫĿͶɽУ뿴˿ֲһǴӦ˰ɡ
ʧǣЩ籩ڴĹʱ־ȻֻǷ΢Ĳƣƽˮ棬ͻȻһһ㡣
Ƭָֻ̱ƽ
ǱĿռѺۣ˹֮ǰʱҲٴεֵ
ôܣķ֮ôôǿ󡣡ʮλħʸȫŴ죬Ŀɿڴؿɽȡ
ӳ쿴ʮλħʴֱǴķɵˡһλʤӢ˷ޱȵָŴ⺰
˿ȥһ϶¶˷ܵɫ
ǿǵĺˣҲѪۣˡҲ˷ܵĽˡ
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οǻֵֵסǵȫһ
෴ʤھӢǿҲۣ֮Ĳرսκεط԰Ⱥˡ
Ц˵ˣҸϽƴЩռѺеǻҪЩǿķ
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ͬʱҲҪֲά֡
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֮⣬ƽʱ󻹻ԶΧմһ㣬ֻҪܵ򹥻ˣȫάִĻġ
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ˣô죿ħ⿴һơ
ؿħһۣؿһħʸ֣Ц׽Щ࣬ǵҸʲô
£һΪһ⣬Զ
ʣµʮħʸɫѿǵȻΣҪ֪ûа취ˡ
Բ㱨ȻʮһħԭΪѾ޹ء
Ҳûа취һ仰ֻصǵϡ
ʮֺǷŭͬʱΣ˭жԷʵǸǿλǸأħûеɽʵһеĵ
ֻҪʵǿ˵ÿһ仰ǵ
ŤͷһɽΧʮɫΪѿԭʣһЩʿģڸղŵķ籩֮£Щʿȫˡ
֮ǰµѪɲҲ֮뿪ˣûкǴһк
ɽе֮⣬ֻʣʮ˾ˡ
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ʮ֪ЦȻȴ޷ָӣħħħʸҲС
ӰıҪ֪ӰǷǳ̵ġ
ô죿ħ⿴ˣһ䡣
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û˵ʲôȻ֪ٴϱǿ϶ܷҪȷʵûа취ԸЩˡ
ͬˣ˱ˣͬʱҲ֮ǰһ𹥻Ҳ˵ˡ


175 
ԭǻΪɳǰյõĽȴǡʲôЩԲٳħ򡣡
˼ȷѾץˣʮƵǣǵʵɱ඼ܡ
Ҹ˼ȷѾɸֹˡ
õϢʮB֪ô졣
Ѿȷ˵ˣЩٳħһٳħʮ˾ԻܵصĴ
Ͼʮ֣ɳ˴ݣΪ˶Ը࣬ȴʧˣħҫħǸˡ
Ϊ˶Ӱ쵽ħ弴ʿ
ԣ⼸ǾԲܳħġ
ֻܽˡһצħεصҲͼֻҪǸͲҳ
ħԣɫѿ˸ȫ谡ʮħʼ֣ȻΪ˼꣬ҪＸꡣ
꣬ЩĶǿ˵Ҳãȴˡ
ҿЩʵҲǺǿûҪȫħҿذɣÿʮ꣬ҲԼ顣
ֻˡ˶ԸһֱﶪˣӦ
һ飬һʵצħʮλħʸֶˣȻǽռķҲצħء
֮⣬ЦҲ
Щ쵰ȻҪʮ鲢ûȫȫڶУõʤֶŭޱȡ
ʲôģƾǼʵܹõʮħʼɱ飬ǣ㹻ԺˡǺЦû˵ķŭ뵣ǣԵúԵá
ȷʵԺˡЦһֱȥԺҲζˡ
ǰһ뵽ԺֻɽҲܻȥҵĶ˰أĻʲôԺԡҲͷɥҡͷ
Ҳһɥҡҡͷ
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ħʼְ൱ʥĴڡӥҡҡͷܲʥ⣬οǴﵽʥҲ֪ˡ
һܹʥġһŵصò˶ʱ䣬ǿɱˣڴ󻹿Ըǹʵġ
ԣ˫һʵȻҪܿ죬ﵽʥ𣬿Ҳѡ
Ǿͱ쿪ˣ󷨹ʵҲżΪ֮һֱȥģǵͳܲסñҪȻϻȫǸˡЦҲõģҿԱֻ֤ҪЩħһֱȥò˼Ǳܳȥ
ӳôаգһʤӢʵ
Ȼŵصͷ
ֵܸ˵˵ʱ׼ôԸŵǸħʸ֣ȫһؿ죬Ҳ˺ؿ졣
קĸ첲죬ʲô취˵˵ҲǷġ
ڴı飬΢΢һЦָԱЩڵϵʬȵûа취а취
ǣ˶ɻˣЩʬ֪֮ǰ˼ǧħʿʬ壬еʵ˾żȻǱ㵽ڵϣȥһ㡣
ߴңǲˣת֮ǰɵЩʬ˵ȫת꣬Ͻɽɫ롣
ԣǡЦǣЩɲȣʬɲ֣Եǿ㲻ɱǸ൱һʥļһܻûġ
ԭǷˡ
к£˶ȥˣֻ˵һĻ뿪
һ뿪ϵЦӡĵطȫţĿ£ЩڴεɲͻȻ˷һ㣬צͬ˹ȥ
ɲ໥˺ҧɱ¶һĨĮĵЦɰɣֻʣʮʱﲻʮĳ̶ȣҲܴﵽż۷ˡ
ЩȫԹɱ¾Ϊɲʬȣûһͬ⣬ûǻۣҰû𣬶Ȿǵʹ
Щ໥ɵɲȣӡɲɱ֮ظ


176 һ
ʱҴңתѾꡣ
½һصĵϣһѪһɽ֮߳ɽڵһһЦż꣬СѾ׳ʵʵҲô࣬սȻǶ˵÷
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Ϊ꣬ħռͨĹǿˣõʧСʱɽֲټ֮ǰйڣɷ˵ľͽץȥ
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ЦЦûж˵ʲôɽĶӣ˴СйڣҶ֪ϧ֮ǰɽ棬˳ȥ
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ÿɽУɢһļµѹ
ǰɽ£ǧ겻һϤܵѹ鼤嶼΢΢ز
һл֮ǰһı䣬ǰҲһԱҲһɽģһжΪһʱĳ嶯ûˡ
໡ͻȻһХɽ֮вϵĻص
ĸСҺ𣬴ӵ˯һ羪һķŭɽ¶ϴ
һ̣ӴӰɽϵɽÿһޱߵŭ
һᷢĶһ˯˭ŵǵİãǶƴ
Ȼղһ𣬴ŲΡ
үүһˡûΪǳŭ£Сһ㣬ųǰһ˹ȥ
Ȼͣ£ųһѱסӵһ£漴ЦԭСҾ˵˭еӸҴ˯
ԭСӻˡųһҲһ㶣һǻŭʧˣЦк
ΪСͺܵƤǻܶղضٹͷ۵ý
Ϊһʸףһ׸ϲĶүүҪ֪үүǺһ峤Уսһˡ
ȻȻͷۣʱ̷ᣬҶϲΪÿ͵˵ĶԼҪ͵ȥˡ
Ϊ˰ˣʵ͵ҲΪǴΣű塣
СЩúôĲӣ˫צסһȰʵ
ܺðҴŪöңҵɽ˺һ㣬춼棬òڡҫ˵һң˫۱ð˽æ˶ٻȫøүү
һôæһ㶼ûдҡҡͷŭСӣȻңЩˡ
үү˼ûƭ㣬һм£ļ¡һص
ųģԶ컹Щ˽⣬֪û˵ѣʵʲô½㼱
ҿһֲۣûˣСصҺܷܿĵӡ
˻һһ£¿ǹϵĴ£֪ǧ˵٣Ҳﲻ㡣
û˵٣ġҡҡͷںڽɭֿ˵ˣ˵ܹȭӰһ¡
ȭȭȭһжϳʹõȭһߣϽȥ㸸ס
ֱƬ̱ɽһĶѨУһֻһѨޱȵľ޴Ǻٶ׵壬ȥҲûе⡣


177 
һɽΣæȥ
һƬɽһ޴ĹУѧݳޣǽȫûƽɣҹ顣
̻Իͣҫ۾ϲƷ˵޵ܡ
ʱһȫɢϵ뼸ĿʲôһĺӺʵ壬ôˣ
˵ţĿ䵽ϣܵϵϢʱϵ¶һĨο֮ɫʵ뿪֮ʱǿ˺ܶ࣬Щ겢û͵
£Ҫһ񣬵
ţʣҲĸס
΢΢һЦʲôҪҪ˵ҲҪ£һ˵˰ɣ
ףпܿĵˡ˵̫ȻʣҲһ˵㣬ĻǸԼ˼ء
ʲôʴ󾪣˶һ
ð죬ʲŻعô£ȫ˵
ģ뿪֮󣬾ڴ½һƬɭϸϸ˵һ顣
ǰȭʻδڣһӱ㼤صȭֻŻᣬ˸ɹʹðȭ˵ǵӡ
ȭضйءһҲʧ˼꣬Ϣ֪ôˣ
˶ܼȴûһ㼤ɫ쳣
£ôˣʵʵ
ûлشĮؿȻ㼸ǰͷˣôڲŻ
˶ܵŭͬʱҲɫһ䣬ղ˵Ǽǰ飬ôҪ飬ôڲŻ
뵽㣬ٿĿʱҲһЩŭ⡣
ζʲôͨôΪʵĶӣЩԱκ˶
ܵ˵ŭ⣬ʱίݡףһ꣬˻ɸյϵɽ˵ұ˵ٻ㽫ץѺۿռС
ʱҶ˵Ҫҽ˵Ļᣬ⼸ѺۿռУҲûй̫شҲò׼ǲǾĵӣԸҸ߱ˡ
ӣЦҲ˵ģҪǽңҶ֪ʲôʱܳѺ۳䡣
һǰϣûƽɵĵ÷飬ʵǰѾ֪ץѺۿռ䡣
ֻúõĶһ£һֱûйʣȴû뵽˴¡
²żȻȥֶΣڴ½ҲûܽôȰȥпӰ쵽ĳɹȥʵӦҲɳǴʱȥҲ
ҡҡͷˡ
ԣ˶üͷһ壬ʵ˼ѵ֪ʲôҲ֪飬˲õԤУһӵʵ£ʲôˣ
ǰԮڰָʹҺһЩִң࣬ʧأֵסˡ˫֮ɢŭ
Ĵ岻ǶôǶûһϢǼѾǧ꣬ûҵǣôֱ¶˳ɻص
һеŭѹ£ų˵òԭѾΪңһСУû֪ǾǸˣĴ֮ףΪ½ºպչѫҡ
һжΪǰ˵ľӢѡǴѡʤɳ˶ʮ꾫Ӣһӣμѡˡ
ѺۿռУʤľӢһֻ߼ĵ˫ͷȮʮոմﵽʵ꣬Ŀ߼˫ͷȮĶ֣Ʋ£ʹ˱ĵơ
ʲôƣʵʵĻѾͳⱣϡ
ûֱӻش𣬷ʲô
üͷһ壬˼Ƭ̣ɫ͵һ䣬̣
ҡҡͷںɻ֮ʣ̣ʱҵһСӱ۹ľӢıϢ˳
ˣҵС⣬ȻҵСҲһ˶


178 
ʽ˵㼱ôܣ˴λλÿҶֻһˣôܳ
ܣһϢ󡣡ԱߵҲʾš
Ԯ׿˵ġʵȷʵ˵ֵ̥ܣһǹ¶Ƕ֪Լļ
֮ԾѣǽǸԶսܵģһʶδȫǰõѪУžѳΪ
Ȼ顣˶治ѣһԶսռ䣬֪˽⣬ǲȶ٣ǱĲƸһֱûйܡ
˵һֱػҲ𾪲ѣҪ֪ǴԶսʱǿȥûв鵽һйĴ顣
û뵽ҾȻص˵
һγѹַҪ֡ɱɢԷĴĶԹɳǵĩձ㵽ˣҲΨڽɱ
ˡʵͷһԭʹ÷ڲò֣ΪһսУǸӳҲˡ
Ҳˣһ㶣ʵʲôˣ
³ʱڷʱȫһ
ѵǸ꣬ǸĶӳ˫۷Ź⣬ĵӣǱֹ֤עƬأֻҪ½Σӭж⡣
Ĵٴ壬ҲΪ٣ǿ
ڵͰ˴ʧܶ˶˵Ͱ˴ˣǾԲŵġ
Ϊֻۼ֪жǿ󣬶ǵȷۼġ
ȻʱǲһСֻԶԶؿǣûʸ߽վԶֻҪݳϢļ²ѡ
ǵģĵӣ죬ҵ׿˵ġ˵ɫһޱȣǲãѺۿռ㷢ʣ˼δըԭֻһħӵͨһӶ˺ü
ħֲ֮ʱɳִͨѾռǴѺۿռ䣬ɲμѡʤʮӢȫˡ
ʲôȫɫ䡰ĸĵӶˣѵǱˣ
뵽ͷ϶ð亹壬Ĵ壬ЧߣҲˡ
Ȼ˵˶ŵλ£۸ҲҪ˵ĵλ
ڴ½ϵĵλǽ˭˶һǱ뵱˶еġ
ΪˣĵӣǶýһˣǸô
ֱǱܰ
ɽ˶һҪشҧгݣɽץѺۿռֵħ壬ҪʱõϢ˱ôܷ顣
һҪģͷѺۿռ䣬ħˣԶʿ˽ڣȻᷴԡ
壬˴϶Ǵ£ÿһ˶쳣ıʱĴ嶩¹أû̡
˴صľΪɿҲ൱Ͷ졣
ɽصĴ⣬һӶѺۿռ䣬Ҫ֪ǰռѺ۳ֺħʹûֹͣ
£̫أǷ񻹻ţǶǰѰĲˣҲҪŪһٴγ֣Ҳи
⣬ļͬʱЧˣǾһ壬Ȼǲò֮УҲٿǱ۸
αһ̵Ľѵ
ʳ˼£˵òļ֦ͬ۸Ҳ͵ڴǵҲǡ
һ£Ц⼸ûȥݷǣҸˡ
һ˶ɫһ䡣
꣬ʵ֪Ĵ屻ڵƵòòŭ֮£嵽Ҫţд֮ǵ䣬俳һֱۡ
֮ÿЩ̨ʶһΣ˳㽫ǵһֱۿ£ʾ档
ʵҲǷŭѣʵȴŭԣֻĬĬܡ
Ϊʵȣǵʵ̫ˡ


179 ⵹
Ȼ屾ϵǣ츳ߣ㲻Ҳܴﵽ۷ʵ˲һܳΪ
䳤һԻһ꣬ﵽʥԻ꣬˼ǣȻһ
˯ʱԽһֹϢ״̬ܵļʮͬʱԼʵܻԣһʲô
Щר˯壬Ŷʮ궼û⡣
½壬֪֮̾ѣ˵Լһ̬塣
Ȼ⻹ȫǿԭ
һԭɫǵĺɫص㣬ֻҪĸĶǵһԭҲϵ弫ࡣ
ʲô߰ʨӥʨȵȣ಻ʤ˵Ҳһٸ
ΪԼѪ壬ֻҪѪԴϵ岻츳ҲãгΪʮǱΪżĸǶ಻ʤ
Щϵִ󲿷ݶס壬ȫĹ䣬ͲǼԱġ
Ҫǵ¹ǲ½ĶԹǻһħĿռѺۣʱ÷ħĽ½ǵͳ֮ˡ
ֻ꣬ĴѾ׵ûѶħĽҲǿûἸ
ȴ룬ǾȻһ˺ۣʹҸһֶ֣ˣβŭ
ʵڳļ˶ûзԣҺ£׷飬ͽҰɣҲ֧ԮҵҲңҲȥڵҳʲôˡ
㡭ʴһҪ֪һǸʱǰˣеļ֡
˵飬һ飬ҲͽˣЩ˯Ҳָһˡ
û뵽Ȼӧˡ
ʽ˵꣬Ҳһûе½ȥˣ˳ȥڵĴ½ʲôˡ
ðɡ֪ƢҲȰ˵к棬Ҳġ
ĿһתʿߵŭصҲһȥҲǣһӶ
һУ׵ɵۣ֮ǰҲ¶ҪԼʱܳӿ˵ɫ䣬ʶ³Ĺء
У֮һֱû˵ʽ𷢵ϣ϶ͷܵΪصĳͷҲûбֳһ˿ĸˡ
עˣûӹʵŭ
ʵԸԼĵλҲǵĻľԶҲٻˡ
ŤͷĿһֱ۰ĺȴҡҡͷûа˵һ仰
ʵ˵ǲѴȷʵ߸ϣһԾŶҲһ顣
ֻһܳƣУϵĴ壬ֱǽʯѪϵнٸ
˶壬ҪͳκǣҲΨƽȻ鲢Ȼȴûܽ鼰ʱ˵ʲôԭ򣬶дġ
ڷɽ϶˻᲻ͬ⣬ɽĸ׾Ͳͬ⣬ԣǱ봦ġ
Ȼԣʵû̫ڱǱҲǣ޷֮ǰһܻ
ҵ죬Ǿ仰ҲǶʱϢһ
ɽ½ע꣬ħ֮УʤľӢǣڿһȺʬȴܡ
ڵʬǰѾͬˣʱѴﵽ߰ףûƽһ㣬ҫ۶
ǴʱצץԷϣȻհϢǱǰǿ˲֪ٱ
ʱʮֻʬɱһǾ޴Ķͺһ㡣
죬˵ٴ˶֣ܴ֮ܲﵽʮһ˷ܵؿɱеʬȣûһ㺦£ǿϷһ㡣
ҪǴﵽʮǸһˡҲЦ
̫ܡȴҡҡͷ
Ϊʲô᣿ȫʵǲǴﵽ˾ż۷壬һͿԽʮô˶֣Ϊʲôܽס
żʮ֮ĲصĲĿôýģ໥ɣʣһҲδܴﵽʮЦ
ǿɱˣǼǧħʬ֮󣬶ﵽ˾żвѾﵽ߰ʵǴǧ໥ɣҲʣôʮھż۷ô
⵹ǡȫͷЦˣʮż۷壬ټʮż۷ʬȣҲǸһһˣ
⵹ǡ˶Цˡ


180 
֮⣬غצħħɽﴫĴ֮ܵǿϢצħħޱȵ𾪡
꣬һֱɽ֮Ҳδƽÿһʱ䣬ᴫͻʱ
⣬ÿ£ᴫҵĴʱ˻ëȻһʱҲð
ȻЩʲôҪǣÿһ洫Ϣͻϴǿ󼸸Ρ
ʼЩϢͣҲһȺ߰˼ֵӣû⡣
ڣϢˣȴǿˣԵĸоÿһϢﵽ˾ż۷壬Ϣʮ
õòģϢʲôﴫģʱ䣬ʹӰ˼˾ż۷壬ٹ꣬ǲǾʮ
ٶȣҲһ꣬Ǽ£Щż۷ϢͻƵʮ
ô죬ֻһˣɸ˻ȥֶСצħѣȻҲʮħǿߡ
ʮż꣬ʵҲ൱һʥһսʮУʮмż۷İ֣Ҳֻķݡ
ȻΪʮħʼֻ֣ҪһڣͿԵĴ֮ǰʱפʱû뵽ᷢ飬Բûɾӹ
Ͼǵʵ̫ˣ߼ʮ˵ֻҪǳ˴һָʮء
ûбҪɾ
˵ˣҲҪ棬ʮħʸ֣ǧӣ궼û£ֻأǺεȶ¡
ɾǾζЩӽ֪ǵ飬һȥǻΪħЦ
ÿĴ֮צħЩδ֪Ĺһޱȵܡ
Һôֻ˹ʱʧצħһ
¶ģһ뷨ıóѣ˳Сѱ
צħˣЩʬȵٶȸˣⲢҪʵûа취
ʬɲȲͬɲȿһԽɵȻʵ
ʬȴɣһЩ󣬲һ
ʼЩʬֻЩħʬ壬Ȼᷢ򶷣ʬ֮ǵʵǺǿǿҲ;żֻмֻ
ȫǰ˼Ȼ٣ǧʱȴﲻ졣
ǵʵ
ʬȻɲȣʵΨһ;ɣʬ壬꣬ͬ顣
֮ǰħµʬ궼Ǹˣֻ໥ˣִ򶷿ѡΪǿġ
Ȼ򶷵Ķȫ󷨽ڸǣǵʧд
Ѿħǧħֲɵӣ֪ƣ϶ɾʿûдһԴҪ;
첻òԼʹΪҲ֪ħ᲻ǣױᱻơ
һУһһϵؿ·һӣ鵽ʲô
Ѿʵħ֮ȷʵ࣬ԼڶʮңᣬһʦܸߣҹӦôﵽʦ𡣡ӳ
ʮҵʦüͷһ壬ôܣʦôô᣿
£Ҳֹʮֻ꣬òᣬȥʱѾѪǵһɽУһħħʼţҲҿԸûпǡ
Ȼûпǣôȷжʮˣ᣿߿꣬һɻ
ǰͻȻħʼڷҶǣʱΪɱ˷ҶǳѪĵܵѪ޴⵽ҶǺ͸ǵľ׷ܶ˶ǡӹص
ȷʵᣬǳɱһЩСׯħ⣬·ϼħСӣҪô󷨶㿪Ҫô󷨻ɱԶ֡
ħһСҲǧңǿҲ߼ʵǿ󣬸ôĲֱӻɱǣҲ²ǵʵǺǿԲᳬۡ
ԣû˵ü˼Ҳûдţð֮ٴʵ˵ǱѪһɽУħ廹ħʼţʲô˼ħΪʲôûɱǣ
ħ岻ǲɱǣǸûа취ɱǡӽ͵Ƕе󷨴ʦϵ̫ˡ
õĴǰɱħǧй߼ϵĸ־нʮ򣬻һٶżֺһʮħʸ֡


181 ħ׼Ĵ
ħΪ֮ŭ׽ǣϵõ󷨣Ϊˣħʮÿɳһħʼ֣޷ǲõĴ󡣡
ħ֮Ӱ˹ûа취ħ߳ŭɳħ㲻ܻ׽Ҳɱ
ɾҲûа취ƴʵûа취ֻһħʼ׼ǡ
ֶûйǴ󣿡ϸһĨ˭Ȼ֪ǿħ֮ĸ֡
ϵĸֲû뵽Ȼʮλħʼ֣ûйǸǴ󵽵ж
ǵġ˵䣬ȻһĨ˼֮ɫЦҸϢʱҲ޷ţֱǰҲŲòš
ȷʵǴ½ģֻǲ֪ôģռͨħĴػѾûܹˣû뵽Ȼ˳˹һ˵ľӢ
ߵͷ˼Ƭ̣ţǰҪǾȻǲ꣬಻ɶõĸ֣Բʧ
Ҿ˼Ѿٲ޸òǧ꣬ʧȥãҲħ󷨸ֵļ룬ǾҲصˡ
ǣתȥ
ħһƬɭУһӰɱһ⣬ЩӲݻҡڣΪۻˡ
Ȼħĸһޱȵ𾪣ΪһӰȻһȺߡ
Ҫ֪ħǼѾǳˣٳһȺ࣬Ǿ͵ڷˡ
һֱڷɱһӰһ磬ȺǰĳϣħѾǰѡ
ΪȻһͣһֵҿͣϢһ
ȫͣ£˭ԸԭóҩָǵľٶԿЩ߲Ǹ֣ǾӢеľӢ
Ϊӿһۣǿϵƣü֮һĨɫ֮ǰ߶Իš
ϴεõһӾӢˣ֪ħħǲݵĴУһ·϶ǳСġ
ȴ룬ڰ·ϣǵٻǱħĸַ֣ҺһӶǸеľӢʵԷһսǶħֻɱ
ɴ򶷵ȴ˸ħֵע⣬ǿ׷ᡣ
һ·ϣħִսȻǶȡʤħȫߣ׷ǵħֲûм٣ԽԽࡣ
ҳʱĿǶʮӢȴֻʣʮһˣһˣȥ˵ȥˣԱѡ
Ķӳһħ׷ˡһӢͻȻ嵽ɫһδڣڻָеȫվ
ߡһͺ𣬴˷ɱȥ
ɽУʤھӢٴξۼһΣǰߴﵽ࣬վǰսʬȣɫЩס
һ֮ͬڵʬϢ֮ǰǿ󣬸䣬аȻǰţϢȻȫ䣬־壬һɽѹһ㡣
û취ߵʵ̫ˡ
ʬ෴ԱߵɲȰվûиʲôѹɢаϢȴ˵궼ڲ
˵Ĺ졣
ֵܣܶԸħʸôȫЩĵص
ڰǰ֪צħʲô취Ȼϵʮħʼ֣һħʼһɽȡ
Ȼ˶սײõħʸ֣ħֻǵ׵ģô˵ħڸ֡
⵹صģֻҪǽħʸǣƬ̣ǳռ򣬱ʹôЦȵڣһе¡
š˵ͷɽȿȥ˫ַɿĶһӡѩһ㣬Ŵȥ
Ƭ̣ͣ¶һĨɭȻЦȥ
죬ղڸʲôʵҲ˾棬ǣκεľٶǶǳĺ档
Ҹħ׼һݴ񡣡Ц
ѵϴԱ趨˫һ
ǡҡҡͷԱ̫ϧˡ
ʲôһɻ
ҽȫ趨ΪԶЦԺ󲻵ԶؼǻԶħħԹ۵һ̶Ⱥ󣬻γɲȡ


182 ɱȥ
ɲȻմԹħɳȵǴﵽż󣬱뿪ħɱ¾ꡣ
ħ崳ȥγʬȣȵżʱһܳȥħеħԼʵ
Ȼ̻ܾãţʱħһΪǶޱȡ˵ϵЦԽĲá
˿ЦݣȴǶЦݣ־壬Һ󱳻
ɲȻʬȣǶɱ¾ǵıܣһ뿪ǽὫзֵɵ
ħһɱ¾ĵطôһɱ񣬿϶ҲħӣϾħɱ¾ʱʱз
һӱɱһǱɱ㲻ʲô
ֻҪ࣬û˻ġ
ɲʬȵԣ㹻ɵ֮ǵĳɳޱȵĿֲ˵ħʱѾɳܸߵĸ߶ȣʱħɱǶѡ
ʱħѵĿʼ
ڴһ̰ͻȻһܲг˶Ŀ⿴
ʲôôɻؿ˵ħħ಻ݣǵѣĸѵǲڴô
һ˶˫һ
ϧûǧ꣬ǲܳһĻġȫҡҡЩϢصûлῴ˷ܵһˡ
˭˵ҪôǣЦȻҪɲɳżȷʵҪǧ꣬ǰⲻֳɵô
ЩԸħʸֵġɻص
԰ǶԸħʸ֣Ϳħ֮лôһЦˣٷϻˣҪд࣬ͷˣ׼ôǿҪȥˡ
׼ˡ˶˷ܵص
ҳȥɱħ塣Աߵվŵʬɲ
𡭡
֨֨
ɲʬͬʱ֮д˷ܣȻûǻۣܹףǳȥʳˡ
䡭
һʬȻΪһ⣬⣬ÿһôһһ㡣
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184 ˣһ
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ľȴãҪƳҲףһܸռ㹻׼ʱ䡣
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189 Դ
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һܣ߱Ǿϣ֮פҲΪ
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˫ɱ˼£ħƾϵƻռϷ磬౻ħֳһСӰΧ
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ǾǣǾռ˶סڳŽ͵ӡռʱΪ棬ЩǰһƬħ޵ɭҲӡ档
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190 ԩ
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192 
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193 
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Ѫɫã̫һգ佫֣һ̣˶еԼڵѪӿ
Ѫ󺣵Ĳһڷڣ˿ƣһɿֲѪ֮бÿһ硣
Ƭ֮һЩ˱еԼһЩλʹ
һЩ˸оԴʹѣʲôҪһ㣬һЩеԼ֫ʹܣ۵ˡ
һЩеԼƤһһ㣬һѪۣʲôðһ㡣
ô£һ𼶸ΪʹȫڲɫŤˡ
Ҳ֪Ҳȫʹ̣˫־צһǿ϶ẦǵģţһҪס
ģûв´ӦǵѪ֮ˡԵĴصǲΪʹ࣬˷ܡ
ѪѣһŤͷˣۿ̵˲ȫֻһСݡ
һСȻҲʹ࣬ûôأϢҲûǵǿ
ʱͻȻ뵽żмصһЩɱħһĴ塣
һǴ½ϵͨ֡
ռ佨ڣǼپʿУֻһˣһͨߣû塣
Ϊȥ໥ͨ飬ڣռУĴѪҲǿ
˵ڼȥҵѪϡˣԶ֮ʱĴҲ˶ѵġ
ȻЩûʹ֮ˣȻѪ֮Ҳǵǿ׳ʵǿ󣬵ȴԲܾѣǲܱΪ̡
໡Ҳܲסʹ࣬ſڷһʹ֮ȴһ
һ̣һͷð֫Ҳʼצ忪ʼһƬƬɫð
໡֮ϵԵļλϣΪǵʵǿڵʸ٣Ըѡ
໡֮ռ䲻ϵ˶ʼ˱仯𺷵һĻ죬Ҳˡ
ԵʤӢǣʱҲɵһˡ
֮һֱ˽ʱʧʱȺ֮ѾŲˣһԼɵĹģܶ춼ûӦ
໡ͻȻ䣬һ֮Ⱥ֮𣬸ձЩͻȻһɺǿѹһɳ֮ơ
ǡȫֵɫһ裬һ̣ǵĿȫĵطȥ


195 ѣ
һѵԵվֻһڵϣʱһһ㣬汻ȳһ
ݵľ޴ƣסˣ춼ûзӦǱ׾ٶԵûϤ˵
źܴĲͬȣϵĻɫۼױ˵Ļɫޣһ˿ĽɫͷǣҲƬۼ׽䱣ţֻʣ˫ۺ۾档
ֻһǣԴ󲿷ݻģҲûۼףҲ˲١
һˣȫֵĿɿڴҾȻ
ȻȫҲһʶ֮٣׼ȷ˵ǻȴʶ
Ǹղ·ס죬˵һСѩС㡣
˵ʵռ俴ѪѾŶȫ𾪲ˣֳһҲһεεŮˣֱ𾪵ǰ޻˵
ȻѩȻΪˡҲһر죬״Ρ
Ϊ̵ǣ̬´ʮֹôһ𣬾ըһõЩû˱˶䶼죬һʧϡ
֮ʣ֮ٴɫĹâһ̣ѩѾһɫ
үүôˣôģˣѩڷӦһܵǰɻʵôҲˣ
ɲǹģǵѪ֮ھˣǼ̳ĻԻ͡˷ܵص
ѩգգ۾м乩Ǽˣ
ǵģǣ̳ǵѪ֮ɾǶҪǿöࡣҲصû뵽ҵŮȻΪˣ̫ˣ̫ˡ
ǰ˭뵽ҵŮأҲѪ֮ϹЦ
ͷ˵̫ˣѩȷʵǳȴûйϵһ϶˷ܵϵ˷ܡ
ͷʲôҵŮΪôûйϵˡŭŸղ˵˵Ѳйϵɣ
ȻйϵѩҵŮ߹һЦѵû֣ѩ׵ɫǻɫǽɫôǻһƼҵӽͲѩ񣬶ǻѩˡ
һ㶣Ťͷѩɫһӱѿ¼Ϊʱȷʵ֣ѩɵǻ
߲ɫͬʱѹ
ôôɻأѩҵŮЩܲס־ޱ䣬˻һ㣬
үүôˣѩһԻؿϣʲôѵұǾͲҪң˵ţбˮ
ŮôܲҪأءŶѩȰ˵һֿȰ˵ף𼱣ѩǻŮҵŮǲܸıġ
԰ǷԱߵߵͷʲô⣬ѩҵŮԶҵŮƼûһûУҰ㡣
㡭ֵͷȫˡ
ǵĻȫҲ̲סܵǰϵѵҲĴ֮ҵӵܣ
һתŶȫһˣȷʵҵӵܣһֱûǵĸ
úãû뵽ҾȻԼˣ̫ˡȫϲȴɻֻˣӦǣΪʲôȻնأ
˵ˡȫ̾ϢһһĨ֡
λϣҿǻȻָ״̬ǽ̸Щɣ߹˵֮ʣһˡ
һ㶣Ťͷһ󣬷ֺܶͻƣһЩ˻״̬˵ȷʵӰ쵽ǡ
˵òȷʵ˵֮ʡϵ˵ͷЦֻҪǹѪ֮Ѫ֮УԻָ״̬
ϵͷһԣһᣬһã֮£ָֻ״̬
ңҪͻˡɫ䣬ղǹѪ֧֮ǳΪ״̬ټ˷ܣûиоͻƵĸо
ɴʱһָΣѪ֮ͳĵ͵ĸоעⶼС


196 С
Ѫ֮֮ʵǣǸϽкҸطͻƣǧˣźЦ
ȸˡϵҲϻǹ˹֣кѸ뿪
ϵһߣ˶Ѹٵ뿪ˣЩ뿪֮ʣǹһϡ
һЩԭǵʵѾﵽ۷״̬Ѫ֮Ĵ̼֮£ѹƲˣֱӾԭͻˡ
ò˵ռĺܴӣЩΪѪ̫ϡûбߣǿЩʱȻҲĽȴûм֮ɫ
һЩ˸´ŵ˵ͻƣȻôͻߡ
û뵽εջȻ֮󡣡쿴Ŷȫˣ϶̲ס¶˷֮ɫ
ȫõȫ׵װʵҲİ£ﵽڣ֮ǰʵڵɷҲһɶ
ȻȻջ޴󣬵Ҳǲ˶١
Ȳ˵λѪѺǵʵþʵǶ٣˵Щͨƽߡ
ͨƽѪľѣԺøΪǿ׳٣һЩԴǰ֮״ɿ
Щߣÿ˶֮˲ʵȻʵԽ͵Խ֣࣬Ҳһǡ
һЩƿܳʱ䣬ּߣǽ֮ǰ۵ʵȫǡ
мѴﵽǿߣһͻƵʥ
ȻЩֻֽ׶οѪ֮ԺǵĺѪ֮Ҳѣʮ֮ڶʧĺô
ⶼøлӳ㣬ûжӳˣĻ˼˵䣬ڷ
Ȼǵõĺôû˶࣬һװûеõǵʵҲﵽһڣ꣬Ҳδܴﵽ̶ֳȡ
ǰ㻹ôʶ̽еȡ
Сһ֪ʲôҪңҸͻȻķӡղְ˵Ѫ֮ѾˣҪҷջָһʱ䡣ϴȴһˡ
֪ʲôܹﵽǰģʵղѪ˾Ѫ֮ȷʵ֮ܵ˵İڵʵܴﵽ
л飬ò˶þͿԻָ㲻صģԺ޷ѹǸˡٴ𣬺ºͣܿ
ڵʵҪԾ겢Ҫǰصġ
Ժע⣬ȭȻΪȭʾһȭʦ̵ӣ;ǰ㣬һֱӡš
лǰмصһлʵܾ֮ǰѾʶȭԲһȭô򵥣ǰ˵Ȼˡ
߰ɣȻҲȥݰݾռЩǰǡջʶ˽Уõ߶Ͻ񣬿ǵĿⶼ˹
ȻζûܾѣѾܹܵǹ֮ǰʲôܲһ֮Ժ˳öࡣ
ǽ֮ʵǡ
Ȼռ䲢ô˵˭ϣԼʵԽǿԽãǻȥħɱ
ռ÷ǳĴһŵķλֱʱףΪʲôռͻȻ̣û˾֣ԭ룬͹İ˴
߽ܣǶ֪Լ֮ǰĻԻͣȻҲҲûгֹ̡
ЩԶǲܾѣҲˡ
뿪ãȥ·ϣһǣȫҲҵһһ񣬵ǻصʱֱΪˣҲٳţڷȥˡ
СôڷСʵ
׹һСǰЦܺãǳĺܺãǰδеĺð
СЦоһɣͺصǰΪʱ
ô˯ôãˡʵ
Ϊյ̫࣬ҪôòСЦĻУƤص磬СڿˣԺ˭۸㣬ҾͰ
֪СˣôСءСǷ۵С
ǺðɣԺ绹ԼŬ̫ģͽСС


197 ޸
áͷСղõõЩʲôôںϵһûʲôӰɣ
ǱһģôӰ졣С͵ԭףǵ񴩹ףӵϵֻһڼףֻǲ֪ôֿˡ
ڵõףģҲܷӳȫʵ
ԭԭС˽һЩʧǣС֪ķǳޡ
¸¡ǸûˣҰԾֳˣСӣ׼ñҶˣһŵȻĵ֮
ǻͷֳˡСһãһѾĵ
ɫҲһһ̣ʶҲŽ˵֮С
Ծ֮ǰһûб仯ʱս֮ϣһħһ㣬ɫ
Ծ֮УвôãձڡڰԾǰţһɱ
ƾ㡭δ˵꣬Ծͫһ쾪еôܣʱ䣬ʶôܱôǿˣܣܣ
ͬʱԾҪսȥ
֮ǰħļ̨ʶ֮һ̶ȣУʱ䣬ǡ
ڽ죬ڰʵ֮ʱʶҲűǣڵʶѾﵽ°Ծ֮ǰѾﵽʥ
ʧȥ壬ټֱ֮Уʶ֮𶼲ĸȡ
ܣЦһһצץһȫʶ֮ɵľצһѾͽԾץС
ҪɱңҪɱңҿԸҵܣҿԽҵȫ㣬ҿЧң㲻ҪɱҡԾľ첻ϵİ
ԶĺôǱҵʶ֮Ц˵ܣҽһж֪
ʶ֮ӿ˲ͽԾȫȻڲϵ󣬿Ҳϲ
ŰԾǿģԱߵСһỊ̃ϾŰԾҲмʮ꣬ԾȻصռ䣬ܵ˵Ҳ̫
죬Сʲôûпڣ԰Ծ̫˽ˣĹҲδػлֻὫУ֮ʱ侮ʯ
ҰԾ֮ǰһҪ죬Сߵĸ飬ҪҪö࣬ԸŰԾҲŹǡ
ǿֲʶ֮£Ծۿɼٶȱ䵭ӣȫ
صһ¶һĨϲɫ̫л˰ԾҪһֱҵô׵Ľʶ۷أ
Ӻ֮ǰĻ£Ҳ
˰ԾʶҲõ˰Ծļ䣬ҲСΪʲôôϲԾˣò˵Ծ̫ˣҲ̫ˣνǻ
Сô꣬ûбһа飬춼С̫ᶨˡ
תһȥһΪͻƶһֱûֹͣϵҲû¶档
ʥͻƿɲô׵ġ
ԼǰԭػĶϺ϶ȥͻˣ
һˣһ㶣漴Ͻλӣ
λǰضǶǵǰ˴ǿܲˡǫĵ
֮ռ䣬˿ǣ٣ṧǺܲӦ
һЩߣǰ׷ԲԣǵүүйԼһ˵ζ
˵ĵӣֻ˵ˣǵ֮һеȵЦǺǵЦ
Цһ֪Щ˺ܴӣӵִĵطҲٸ˵⣬һתԼ޸ӣ֪ǿ׼á
⡭һ㶣ҶæͻȻȥˣ¸ˡ
Եȣھȥһͨĵ
УǾ㡣ͷʣһվԣ죬һĶȫҲһͷʹ
ʵȲѣֻ˵һԱһط
ǵľٶߵУȴֱ
ѹܱ˿У̿Ͳһ˿ɱȰޱĵ
ȫ˶һһ󷢺졣
һӺȥ˻һ죬ȫ޸Ĳϡ


198 ˣһ
ǿǾŸһļ⼶󷨣ֻϧﲻǸеƿһһָʱľȥ۵㹻ʱںϣγһȻ
󣬿ϧûеƿʧȥһָȻֻ󷨸֣Է֣ΪʱԶ޸ȴôס
ΪԾռ˺к棬޸һ£Ҫȫָղʱ֮
ԣŴһֱų֮ʱɫһƬҰף·ЩƯ
ӣû°ɡͻ֮˵Ѿȥ޸λһϽǰס
û£Ϣһ¾û¡˰ڣȻЩޡ
ǷӻȥŸϽڡ
㻹¾ȥæɣǷȥˣһǰſص
£ŵͷðɣǾ鷳ˡ
ˣֵܲǶӳǵֵܣЩӦõġȫЦűߵһߣһһߣס졣
ɣһöһ̣ѩߵȫԱߣҲܶȫǷӦһѽָ˹ȥ
ֻһûվסȻ˹ȥ
ɫǣʲôѩһȣһ
Һ췴Ӧ죬סˣԱߵҲæ͵ѩñղûзסġ
ˣ޸ķϣռһ±ˡѩһߣһ˵ӡ
һѽĸ첲קǰ
ı飬ЦãаҺûɣ
һֱ̣֮ϱ㴫һУǲ쿴ѩѾͷʲô֪һ㣬Ľĸ첲Ǹʵظϱ˰ϡ
ô鷳û£Լ߻ȥ΢죬һΡ
ˡеͺһؿһ챻ѩڻֱۡ
ǣˡѩҲ콿һȻô˵˼ȫһ
˼ôƯŮȥˣȫûע⵽ռ˱ˣ˻öԷռġ
ɫǹŹ֣ޣЦͨ졣
ѩĻýЦѣݺݵصһԲ޺޵̫ˡ
£ѩסǶȥȻ˵Ƿʵ˵һؾǸο
ԶȥıӰ˶һĹŹ֣ȫ˸ؿһš
Ϊѩĸףѩ񾭴û˼ռ˱ˣҲ˲עⲻֵǣȻʲôû˵
öȫֵǣžȻͺûзһ㣬һߣ˱˾󣬺ðһϲĳ
챻Ůźܿ㵽˾Ǵǰԭ컹ֱϴо߶ֱѩǸʵزϵĦĸоԽǿҡ
Ҳ֪ô£ԭֻ˫ֱֱۣû߳ԶҲѩӣֱİظ֮ϡ
ŮգܵˣģĿʼ궯Ϣʼϳ壬ȫҪȼһ㷢ȣĳλòܿƵһһ㡣
ޱȣŮ±ߵֻһֻϺһ㡣
߽ţ·ϵԽԽ࣬Դ÷֮Ѿǵˣν˲֪˲
ҿŮʱ˶߹ʣŮ˵Ϊ޸۳ģ˶мѣ׷ǰл
˵ĸлԭ뻹˵ԼûʲôµģֶֻŮסֲ±˷±Ƕ
ֻܵͷͺʲôһ㡣
һΣעЩŹû£Լ߻ȥġ
ʱѩ糺죬Ҳ˵ĵͷҧ촽Ļ΢΢һ
տʼѩֱڻиûоʲôԾΪСһֱ˼ҵֱ۵ġ
ȻЩŮ飬پżŵϵֱһ½ʲô
߶оز쳣ӣо̫ˣȫȣ巢
ֲԾʱ뽫ÿһ룬ûôΪͻᱻľȣʱ˶Ρ
ԣֻš


199 ˣ
ɽָоԽԽǿңҲʼȣǿҵĴ̼£Ҳͨ죬Ҳ̧ͷ
ʱĻһϲô˻Ὣֵַֻſɻδڣŭ㻹˵Լû£㿴վվֱˣղŻҰ׵ڶͨˣⶼû£ǻҪô£
޲ҸطȥˣΪ˵⻰ʱԴЦ⣬Ŀ⻹޵ƳһС
ߣѩǡʱҲһ
˭˭ˡпЦһ漴ݵҵģб˲ռ˵
·̣˳߶˫˳ǽ˫֮ĦԭЩܲѩܵʱķһСԴ͵øˣӸͨ졣
ԭܵˣĹ£ûƬ̣Ҳͨ죬ü
㡭͵һŤͷݺݵص졣
ɲѩѩ첻ϤԲ˵ʲô֮æ죬һǶ֮ǰĴеǸ⣬һҲм޸˾󣬵ȻΪ֮ǰõһĻ
Ļδ˵ͻȻһѽҵͷΰ
˵䣬һûزʹ£һ̣һһͷԵڵء
ҪĻҲˣԭ뽫ֶģһ뵽ԱߵѩΣֻõһۣסȥ
ǵķ䣬ѩܲˣһſڣ㶪죬˵һúϢһˡ
ˬ˰ɣһˤϣһЦؿ졣
ˬٺЦ
ҾˬһŭһţСܵ˹ȥ
ϧǽŻûߵϣ㱻һ͸ץסˡ
Լ˵ġ¶һĨаЦһʹ㲻˹
һδӦѱ챧˻У˽ȥ
ҪʲôľٶŵСףЩ
ղŲ˵Ҫˬôһѽϣ˶ȥ
ѽ쵰Ͻδ˵꣬촽㱻Ĵסˡ
տʼͣƬ֮죬ȫӭ졣
һҹ飬ڶ죬ľˣǽԼһҸ˶аԷġһҸġ
ȻѺ֪˵Цͽ˳һռȵȥǴ˿ı֪֮鱻֪ˡ
쵰ɬ֮ʣһЩֵͷϣ޵ҧгݡ
ļ죬ռǴڻֵĺ֮С
ʱ䣬ռʵֹͨ߾Ͳ˵Ƕ֣ԭռʥ֣ȴѾʥ
ǿϣԭʥѾͻƵʥһΪ̣ʵʥʥ𣬺֡
һҲһǣҲ׾Ѫ֮һΪ̣ʵǡ
⣬󱻳޸ϢҲﴫӴ֮󣬾ռ佫ҲصģھռʵټӾ󣬾ħȫҲþ¡
⼸죬ѩһֱǲιžռһУҲԾռһµʶ
ռ䣬ʮˣһ붼ߣʦ࣬۵ȼͳʮ򣬲ķչȴ
⣬ĴеҡҡƼңΨûеؼң˵ؼҵľӲȻ󱻴ɢˣΪ̫ԶؼҸûܹ
ķչ໥ͨ飬ֱ˴ˣ˶ѪȻǰûоѣ졢һֱǾռƿߡ
ӣͼλǰҴܵǰһ
ҲͷŶȫһȥˡ
˺ܿͨһ˱˽ȥ
ӣλˣǣʵڲ˼Ϻ;ڳһǣһ
ҲͶȫ˻һ
̲ҵʲôֻܿھǣֻҪҾŰõƳ١ˬһЦ
ʲô»˵ɣϴЦ
ԣӣҲվˣ˵ָżλã
쿴Ǽλãֿŵļλϵλãüͷɵһ壬֪λʲô˼λǿɲ


200 Ч
½λҲнģһ˵λΪţŴŵϷһλá
˽Ӵ˵λԼͣһ㶼Ϸλãұߵλãǿ̫࣬򲻻ڽߵλá
Ӵ˵λԼȣô˿λҲߣҪ֮Ĺϵˡ
˵ĵλ˸ߣһ£˶ߵλãұߵλãʾء
ʱڣҲλϷһλ
ֻϵ˵λȴܹ죬Ϊ˵صĵûϷҲûϱߣ෴վұߵλϡ
ѩǸСѾͷߵĵλϣھŵļϣֱŵĵһ͵ڶλá
ϱߵļλúϷǸλÿ˳ȥ
ǿ˵λãɵҲ顣
һ࣬ҲɫЦصӲ⣬ǲûж⡣
û˵ֻɻؿϡ
Ǿռ䣬Ȼսʱһ붼Ĵ壬ͨ飬ÿڶĴѪĹأЩ˶ĳԱϵ
ͷ죬ȫҲйˣӰԾļҲһЩԶ飬Ҳ֮ǰĲˡ
ĵͷһĨϲɫռҿú֣ܿʵжо޴źΪǾһȺ»Ұһ㣬Ĵ½ʲôӶ֪
ȴδԼݣĴĺˣ˵ǲ仰Ҳδ
찵ͷʹ֮У˴ĵ빩һͿԿ
ȻѾ뿪½Ҳûл׷ĵӣҲǵǱҪڣӴ˹¡
ʲô붫ȫǶɫһ䣬⻰ҪЧҰ
ȻһؽǣȴûǺ֪֮ģʵſӴѾˣĸЩ뷨
ϾһǿΪ磬ĵӣڣûʵ˭Ὣ㵱һ¡
Ӳز죬ҾĽصҾ˵Բ˵һףһףӽǵָǾžʹ壬Բа빻Թԡ
û췴Ӧλϱȥݼ
ˡѩһۣҲŹȥ
һϽǰλǰʹá
ҵһݣкʹõġϷǳִصѵҪ壿
ǣǣλǰʲôվ˵ðɣǰͻȻ˶ǰһʱֲ
ӦǾͲϳ
ðɣҴӦǸϽ켸˵ĹִŪûа취ֻôӦ
лԺͲǹ»Ұˡ˴ϲһվ
λǰȻҴӦǣЩҲ˵쿴˶վųȻһ˵Ȼѡ׷ңôԺ͵еѣʵΣ
Ӧ
⣬ԺԺҲҪǰһӣЦҾͳΪΪǰҾͻԵеöࡣ
ٴιشӦͬʱҲһ
ЧңһõĳϣعĴ壬̳ڵҫϾǵѪ֮Ϊžѵġ
ٴγˣǾǲĻȻھǣܹ֣һжȰźõһ
ǸеɽԲұǵĳŵ
ȻкܴһҲΪǴûǵѪ֮ٲѣҲû
ˣʲô¶˵ôվţԺҲһ㣬һ˵˵ͷһʣµλЦһֻߵϷλ¡
û취Ҳ֪ǲƺõģֻôλȥ;һվš
£쿴ϵϣǽǷ£


201 崦ռѺ
ȷʵһ¡ҲٿЦǾռ俴Ʒ٣ʵչúܲЭ⼸Ҳˣʦܶ࣬һ˶ҴҶҲ͡
˵ͷڰͬȥһѧԺ굽һȺʮһĺӣƷҩ͸һ㣬ǰ춼˵
֮ô츳ʵǾռźܴĹϵҲ֪Ϊʲôھռˣʶͺǿ󣬳֮⣬һռļλȱУһƷʦ
ɳ֮⣬ȴУ󷨣λǰ¾󲻾ãˣû¶й󷨵ϣԣһ˶Ŭû˽̵ϣھǿҲһмʦ
ΪмʦϵĸָûãÿγȥħսĶۼ֣ԣʦھŵĵλߣҲԸѧϰ
αʦǼλȱûһ˻죬⵼Ǿռˮƽͣ¾ܹҲмʥ
˵⻰ʱһĿɬһߵж˭ɾΪûкõʹþռսۿۡ
ˡûԼóȫѧϰȫȻϰ벿ֻҪ츳ŬУΪʦû⣬ǿȥ¼һݡ
죬ǵ֮Ҳû˭ᣬΪˣϵǻм
˵䣬Իý֮óѽһѵÿһǸ߽׷ǵӶħϵõģϴβȻʮ
֮ǰջҲܶ࣬ЩõķǸ
ʵϲ˵Ҳд㽫Щ͸ǵĴ㣬⼸ѩھп񣬾ǵ֪һ
˽⣬ռеķֻʮ˼λʵǿҲһм󲿷ݵ֣ÿռ˴򶷡
ΪռЩмʥͳܲסǵ
ҲмѡȫҲԽԼò˵ķóȻﵽʮмеļƷ
Щϵ˵˫۷ųһĹâȻǼʶ㣬Ҳûм߼һóǺüѡ
Ÿ̲סһ˼£Ľãõ˷ܵкá
ǵľٶ첻ɵ̾Ϣһռ˹ȻҸռ̫Сˣһһ㣬ȫ档
һϵŰеļлӣЩǵʵٿһ
ô˵ͼˣǿɶһˡһЦ
˫һ콫½һЩҲ˵ˣǴͰԾ֪ЩйĴ˵ˡ
ĴȻѹֻϵ˶ŭ죬ܻص½һҪЩ
֮ԿЩϣһһ׼һǵķӦǷΪԼʵǿ󣬶˷С
Һǵϲûпֲмӵı飬ֻʹŭһ
ǻΪҵʵöǣԻԥ뿪ռ䣬뿪ϵˡ
Ȼʵڿȶǿ٣ܸİԱȶҪǿö࣬Բһ֮
ҵʵȷʵϲϾţ붫ҵĸȴǾԶҲȲϵģСʱҶİһ㶼ûǡ
ϣ֪ô½ôͻȻָûа취ӿռѺ۳ȥ
ɫһ䣬漴ҡͷûУռѺΨһͨ½ͨ
ɫһ֪϶ռѺж˽⣬ܷ취ȥ
ܡϵ崦ռѺۣħ嶼λħʼפأħ֣֮⣬Ӷǧ򣬾ǵõϢħǿ˶ԿռѺ۵ĹҲԭǧӵǧ򡣡
ħʺħҲ˲٣֮ܣħ֮Ĳܻ࣬ȥ
ǿ鷳ˡüͷϳ˵ǡ
ϵĽϰοʵ㲻صģݺħħħҲĶ֣Ϊĵӣ츳Զǳ˿ɱȡ


202 ħ嶯
ҪھռȫɳټϼλˣЩħӣҲס
Ǳ뾡ϻȥҡҡͷѺۿռеЩ˵һѹЩѾ֪ǵӵǵϡ
ԴϡȱһܳӵܲףЩ۹϶ôˣһʤ鷳ȻʤʵͬʱԺü۹Ҳܼѡ
Ҫǣ˿Ǳս˫ͷȮ飬ϢЩĴ֪ʤΣˡ
ԣüͷҲһʵأѵĴ壬ǿĴһģ
ڴ½ϸûϢǵ̬ȣҲ̫ҡҡͷ
һսʮʧˣ֮ǰ¹סڵĿռѺۣòִ½顣ȫ뵱ʵ̫ǿͳΣԲһ
Ī⣬˼ǿԲ²ġ˵һĨ֮ɫһµ֮Ҳûвִ½ˣ
ǵģӴ˾ȫعҲûвִ½顣ȫżҲһЩ굽½ִ½飬ֱǰų׵ûгڴ½ϡ
ǰüͷһ壬ħǿԿռѺ۵ĹҲ꣬˵ʼǴصǸռѺۣΪǸռѺһͨǱԳͨĽ½
ͻȻûϢźܴĹϵ
ԣڶΣգʤΣգǱ뾡ϻȥȻǻȥҲﲻæΪһӣǲӣԣϰ취
ҪȥҲΨǿȥޱİ취ϳ˼˺һͻȻŵȥ˽һ£ǿƵħжٱɵ˸ռѺۡ
šصͷ
ŤͷӣռѺħ嶼ص÷ǳܣȻЩ˲ٵħ壬ǵĵطǺܸߣȥҲס
һʧܣ˶ħϣ»һЩʱ䣬ұ뽫ƻãȷһʧҪǳʲô⣬ǽˡ
ǰܰţǿԵȡм
뿪Ǹջصסأ˱Χ˹
ղ˵ˣϵ˾ȻΪʱ˶ѣ˵ȥǿѺۿռʱɫˡ
֪ǵİ˵ǲ㡣
죬ܹȥôһĵص˵ÿһѺۿռ䣬ǧħʿħϵĸָ򡣡
Ҳûа취ˣʤΣأǱ뾡ϻȥҶȥŬɣǰţŲ⡣
£ֵռȱٷԸ⣬ͽЩòŵķøǰɣҪסͳһøϣô䣬ȥţǲҪ˽ˡ
Ȼռ˶ʵ˶м֮ģǵݺУһҽԼķ˽ˣЩûеõ֮˵ļʣ˫á
ͳһøϣԼָ˭ãϾΪһ֪˭ʺӵз˼ʣҲԼ˵顣
ס˵ͷת뿪ˣֻʣˡ
⻹һֱͬǵİѩˡ
磬һҲûʲôã㲻°ɡԻý֮óһѺ˸ĳݸ
ռ䣬һֱǣչ˵΢ҲкøС
ϵķ˫۱Ź⣬Ƭ֮ȴҡͷܾʹãôصҿɲա
ȻҲһڸ֣ھţŲԷ̶ȣûʸʹá
˽͸㡣Ц¾ǣǲ˵ʲôգǿɾǿˡ
ҡҡͷԥ£һ˷ܵϽӹ˼£Ľãõ̲סֱкá
ȻһѳȴһѳеļƷܶмҲѷɫҪȻڲʱҲὫˡ
µķУҲΨǳ԰ݣҲû˿˵ʲô
лӡһмصǸ


203 а
ؿЩӣҲ鷳㲻ٲҿûôһЦЦڣԱߵѩͻȻǰС֣ЩҲһֱ㣬ҵأ
㲻Ѿ˻װôص
ֲҵġСˡûģ˼ô죬ȻʲôûУߣԺٲˡ
˵ȻתߣðһĿЦȴ˵ʲôѩǿǾռСҲСħŮολ϶
תԻý֮óһССЦϧˣҺòһ̣ȻûҪ
δ˵꣬ǰӰһѾʧϡ
Ưѩ̣Сһطζʱ˫۷Щʲôôζأ
ѩ̵ߣЦɲߣһ̣൱һ߼󷨼ʱԲһ󣬽Ҫͷпܾһ
ôѩС죬һ𾪵ؿ죬Ƭ̺󣬱㼱еصңôʹã
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ŶѩϽ֣ͣȻһᣬŽִ֮С
ԱߵİһĽˣţȻĳҲ󣬵ףȣͲ١
㻹еģˡѩ˰֣ˣҲϽһ˳ȥ
һߣϵЦ˲ʧͫŭ조˹Ȼûһöôϲˡ
ôϲأҲ׼ˡǺһЦٴóһ̣ݸ
ӹ̣绨ϲѡ
¶ŭ⣬һѽУһƨɵȻһ๫ôʰ㡣
ѽɫǣſңٲſҿɾҪˡŭӣûм㱻춪˴ϣ챻Ĵסˡ
һָɻˣ׵ռУС죬һŭصϧȴֹľٶ
תǼȥЩһֱڽ̾ռļʦЩ˶֪ѵãȫϸš
һЩ֮ǰǲĶҲʱѶʡ
֪޲ԣǽеɻü˶мѡ
⼸죬ȴһֱûпţһѩ֪ԭ̸֮ű뿪˾ռ䣬ȥϢˡ
⼸죬˵ĪʤĶ֮УʮֻһŮӣƽʱܲ㣬ͬĻҲ٣ֻżġ
ɵ˾ռ֮ѩ˿νƢͶû˽ãһСħȸһ㣬ߴߴͣ
ڽ̼󷨣˹ӣĳϻˣȥ
ˡͷżʦղҽǺú룬ʲôģһҡ
첻һ뼸ȫ˫໥ʺһ䣬ʵ֪ĳϿʲôϢң
Ϣ̸ϣռѺ۵ѾˡЦ
˵ռѺħ嶼ǿʵǰǸռѺۣҲصĿռѺۣħŽʮħʼ֣Ҳǧ
ΨѪ¾ɽռѺ۵ʵ΢һ㣬ֻħʼ֣ǿһ߼ħ壬Ӳ٣ǧ
⣬Ѫ¾ɽΪռռ䰲ħ֮еʵҲǿֱӺͼӱƵħнʮ
ŵĻ˵ǿɱȥѪ¾ɽʺϵĵطռӾռ䵽Ѫ¾ɽֵΣҲС
ħõһϢħ֮гһаħɱѾٸӱɱʮǳرɱɫص
Ϊǵģа岻ɱ¾ЩħʬҲǸɣʵǳǿ˵ɱħħʼֶ㱻Ǹɱˡ
ħѾŪû̻̲գħĸòɳֶԸǡ
ôôаɫħȻɱ¾ԣû˵ôа
ʵⲻʲôֻŪһȺаѡɫЩΡ
ŪģϵȻ𾪣뵽ĵӣҲԽܣȻǲ֪ħ


204 ֲа
ĻȴǵһĿⶼ˿־壬γȥԵһĳǳؿ
һǳأȫһ棬صѪȴһʬ嶼ûУǳؾܹˣգվú󱳷
ôЩаĶŪģźʵ
ȻǸа壬ҲܷУڵùıϾǵĵˣܹܵġ
ǱħΧɽʱҿǵͨ϶ֵסԾŪһɴ󡭡쵱ʱ˵һ飬Žˣȫɫ䣬ֱʱǲ˵Ǹа
콫ɲʬȵߵĿʬɳһǹ룬һѪħһɱʱɫһҰס
ô˵ħڲܽɱֻҪǴﵽͻƵħʥԺħ彫ҲԸˣ˵⻰ʱڷ
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˵ţһ£ĳ˵Ѿʮǳغٴׯʬ֮п϶Ѿдﵽʮġ
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˻˶һϸҰ׵صֲ̫ˣⶫ̫аĶǣֱʬ޴棬궼Ҫˡ
ʵҲŪаĶһǳɳһѣѣֻǵȷʵƵûа취ˣħ򣬷Ӱ쵽½ԲűƲŪɴ󡣡ЩΣҲЩΣϾǽ֮
㲻𣬵ҲǱƵûа취ˡҲ֪쵱ʱĴûȰ˵ѵħ壬ǰ˵ڻһħȥѡ
ЩаǣħĲͬʱҲʧħʵ˵Ҳδһ¡
ԣһռ˼벻ӣһִת䡣
ֻǣ˵ֽ֮ԺǲҪΪãΣգҲڣ˵Ȼħ´ֵĶħ壬һħûܽȫ𣬵ʱ½ɾҪˡ
Ͼħ½Ǹһֱڷ˵ðһ޷ƵĹҲһ鷳¡
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ȴţԺƵһǻԥʹõģɲظֻ֮ҪܹţɵĺԺ󻹿취
һˣʲôûˣȻʱΪǵϵ˲ˣֻʵǴӦ
ʵЩҲȫɿƵġŵֻҵʵ̫ˣһҵʵǣԿǣǳΪҵ֡
£˶˫һЩǿɿƵģǵȻͱ𵱱ˡ
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Ǿͷˡϵ¶һĨЦ⡣
ӣ棬һħ˵Ц˵ʶͻȻ˵ҪҪѪ¾ɽص½ǿԸṩһЩ
Цüͷһ壬Ƭ֮ŵͷħ֮ǰȴûʲô飬ӰЩϵ
ӰӣôʶӰģϼӰһ峤ȻսʵħһȻ֮ǿܶĸֵֶסħǺģôйϵ
˵⻰ʱԴźصɫӰǿǿ֪ģһСģΪ֪ܶô¡
ҳΪԭûκε𣬾Իʤ
ǷģһСĵġЦ֮Ҳô׵ġ
ǲصģڣǸħԸκεΣա׹һСǰСϾš
ǰͻȻֵС϶һĨ조Сǣ


205 
С顣͵
飿ʲôʱܹ뿪ˣϵ˶Īǿɴû˵뿪ģǵҲû鰡
ԣɻؿСʵӿСԳԣһͨСŮһ͸оĲͬѰ
һʱ䣬ŶȫֵܺͰѩ˶õ֮ѩֵܻѾ¡
رʹǣǶ˵ǵǲ뿪ģѩЦ뿪ǻô
Ժ͸ӸС鲻ͬ
СǶһ޶ģȻ뿪ˡССԴһ߰صʵ뿪ʲôֻҪҵֱСҾͿԺһӵѪ֮һ
ʲô㻹ܱˣ˶𾪵λվֱ̫˼飬⵽飬飬ô˼顣
Сһ漴ɫһǼֶŵرҲһӶҲġ
Ҫʲô켱ȻһܹҵƽʱԶעһ
ԣħչ˼꣬ҲŲٵħ壬˵ܴҪĶأҲ
Сԣ֮࣬Ҳ˺棬ʱһ뿴СǲĿ˵һѪ֮ࡣ
ҲӴС૵ܱܲҲûϵֻҪһֱڸ߾УҪܹˣһ𣬾һŸ˯һҲûصǹĿռˡ
뵽СҲСҪΪ࣬ҪиóһǸѪһ߲ź
߲źſ鶼ĳˡҲһؿ졣
ҵõһ飬֮һ߲͵
ô˵㻹ˣϼеؿ졣
ǵġͷһ߿ţ֮ǰ
ɫͨ죬֣˺ð죬Щ˼֪߲ܲܽӸң
ᣬָϽ͵һƷ۷ҩʦﵽһѾʮ꣬Ʒҩ䷽ǵм֣ɾҲϡ
ƾƷҩĲ̫ˣô꣬ұħҲֻҵһֲϣΨȱ߲ӡ
ܹƳҽһͻưƷΪƷʦ˵꣬ϱһڴؿ졣
û⡣һתóƿݵϵǰһװʮ飬һ׳ö߲ӡ
⡭ϱͻȻľϲ𾪵ֽӶ֪ˣҪ֪߲ǿŵرÿһöһ
Ķ˵þõģһӻóö
ӣҪͻƣƵĳɹʿ²һɣһʧܣҲûˡɫѵ
лѡͷЦﻹöѾˣʧܣҲûʲô
෴һϳɹܹޱȵľƷҩưƷҩɹҲ߳ܶ࣬ԺϲҪ鷳ˡ
ϷɹΪƷҩʦԺ󲻹ʲôҩҶǡһ˷ܵĽӹƿһСӵõİһ㣬
΢΢һЦֿԱߵСʵСҪΪˣҪ߲źҲ˵ùȥΪʲôҪҵѪ
ʵҪѪСЦֻѪ֮ѪΪǿѪԺ츳Ϊǿ󡣡
˵ţҪ죬Сƺ֪Ҫʲôŵʵһ壬ķǲܳġ
Щǿߣ󣬱Ѱ壬ܿͻһȻҲ֪ΪʲôܳҲһֱΪû塣
ߵһ㶼Ƕ˵壬ȴһȺڵ֮壬ѣ˵Ϊǿ߷ģԾԲܶ壬ᱻػ𡣡
ҪѪ⣬ҪѪΪһԭûѪͲ֮ܳΪˣҾ㽫䵱壬Ҳʧġ


206 
ԭͷ漴ʵղ˵ҪѪ⣬ǲǻҪҸһأ
һǶɫһ䣬ϸǼҪ⣬ҪһֻһֻȰɣҿѡɣ
ǽŵģСЦѣõһ죬û취Ҳǵѡ
ЦϽ˵СԴģ
СЦһŵѪҪѪȴһʯͷһҹ⻬Ѫ֮󣬻Ὣա
δ˵꣬ϱ㾪˵ʯ
ؿϣСգգ۾Ҷû˵꣬ô֪ʯѵ԰ʯ亱㲻ܿ
С˵ţͻȻȻֹΪʱͻأĳһС񣬿ȥʯͷȴŮӼһĶ
ӰһСѾͻǰҲǷӦСС컹Ե¶ȣʯôأôôһʯأ
ð죬СŲĽСǴ۾Ǻؿϵʯôõģôôһ飬㻹ʶ
ϺǺһЦ͵˵Ҳɺϣһʱһεħȥħĸַ֣ǵĶ鱻׷ɢжһɽʯ﷢ֵġ
ʱҲ֪ʲôһʯͷǼӲģǱģʯͷȥŮӵƤһ㣬¶ȣΪŮ˵ϣʱҾ;ú棬㽫˻
ɵһˣû֪ʲôԽĺ棬ҵ˲󣬲鿴ЩǰµĶ£һλǰļ֮пйʯļء
λǰҲûмʯҲ˵ģôһֱţȴ֪ʲôá
ԭСͷڴĿ⣬ʯֻһãѪںϣΪ塣
ڴ˼ʯ֤ԵҾͽ͸ˡûһۣ㽫ʯݸС
лСҲûƳ٣ӹ˭һ㣬һѷŽռС
һʲôأٴοС
һڻ񡣡С͵ڻԽںһ𣬾ǸճӤһ㡣
˵ϵڲ󿴵йڻĽ⣬˵Զ֮ʱһЩֵ屻֮󣬱ǿжˣһЩа޸֣ǵﵽʱҲ壬ǿжˣԴ
Ща޸ԭļǿ꣬ǳĿ죬ȴԶܴﵽߵ۷壬˵ﵽʥ
ԭڣǶ˵ģϲҪ֪һ˵ĳҪĸڽʮµϣЩôȡ
ʲôõĶУڻЩȫںϣڻȴǳټѼһ֣ԻѪɺӣЩҪЩҲԲŹϾзգ˭Ҳ֪ԼǷһϡ
ŴϵĽ⣬СͷڻãҲΨһá
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Ծ꣬ļ֮Ѿ˺ܶǰ֪֪ʶڻû˵͸еЩˡ
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213 ǿ壨
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ɴʱͬܵħħҲٴΧ֮࣬ѹѹһƬǻ㼯һϢ˸еޱߵѹ


214 
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ҳ塣һȣһȣſռѺڷȥ
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215 һش½
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ʲôиش½ѩĵ죬½ֲģԼȥа
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216 
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ղŶ˵ѩҲΨһŮѩĸŸǳãűҲԸȢŮˣͷӾôΨһһŮȻΣա
Ƕˣô죿üͷǹѪ¾ɽһὫħ弤ŭƱػᱨš
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ԸЩȫ󷨵ħ壬ѵѡ񣬵˵ͲôˣΪȫԳֹͣһҳģôʱֹͣ


217 ƴ
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ʶ糱ˮһϣʱڴ֮еһһȫ֪
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лۿüûΪԼҲº˺ܶ࣬ʱ˻ü߹˹֡
üҲûװͬǻһ


218 ĸ
Ǽȥȳһüǰɻص壬ĴˣĴѾû˾Ѫˣ
ĵˣĴѪʲôֵġüߵĮ˵һŤͷһǸƴߺߣ콣ֻǴ½ϵһСɣǲ뵽˵ĶԹ֮С
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ղſǴģҵصشˣʤûסˣǲܲӣˣ֮ء
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219 
ڴ½ϸѾֵˣҲĸȫƿء
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ֿԶ죬ЩȥֵܵĴҲԵñˡ


220 ٱ
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һöмʯͿԻһѡ
ΪħȻ㣬ȷħβʯֻγħƽʱŵûʯ꿿Щҩ
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˱䶼صö࣬ϲ֧ʸֻڶϣһֻ˵඼˵ˡ
ҺǼʱϵдӾõĸ߼Сˡ
һֱ˴ʱǿ
һʹԱѪĿڳǽߣϸһ˿ϣ絶гɱ
ǵǺ˫ۣǰڵжӣȻֻʣһȫ˺ŭҲѹƲסˡ
ӰһͣڰУ·ľʿλֵǣҵȶ𣬽֮ұذٱǳ
ٱٱӦʤʿǵѪҲҲ
һʱ֮䣬ףԶŵЩܵĶӻΪ׷ˣȫףֻΪܵø࣬ͬʱǸҺ޵ΪʲôǶȡ
ⳡսȷʵѣ䶼˵ЩۼģӽϿʼһֱǳ֡
ԭʮʤӣ˺ͲмļһҲֻһࡣ


221 ص
ʵ¸ûйϵ䶼һ˵ѡлɱЩҵľӢΪ档
ѡѡΣһ첻ȻҲº󱨸ģȴûмֶԸһҵ顣
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Ȼûп˵ʵȴһѹʵԱǿö֮࣬
֪ɻɻ쵱λǰĴ֮ˣȴǱ½ˣǰɻǵݡ


222 
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223 峤
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λǰһ㶣ϽлȴɻԶԷʵݣΪʲôԼ񣬴ǵĶԼϣǲǷܡ
һҵȳܲ𡣡һλҡҡͷԵúǿ
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Ȼĵӣȣͷһ˿ɱȡӹһЦԪһ峤ӿҺõȰ
Ҳûа취ЦҪٹ꣬Ҳ


224 ؼ
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ֹǣǰҺƼҲҪʵȫᵽʤϾȻʵǿ󣬵ҲֻһңʵҪǣҲ̫ѡ
ʵۼڵ۶Ҳѡ
ĸסһԺţ㿴˫ؿ̲סһӱ˳
ʱǱ뿪ʱѾ˺ܶ࣬޶а׷ˣҲ˺ܶ࣬˫۸Ƕ˾ʧȥһ㡣
ſڴȫһ͵ŤͷſڣϤףǵȪӿ

һѾ˹ȥҲǱ˹ȥĸرһ
ûΰɣĻôƺЩš
ûΣĸףˣĻˡ챧ǣʵĸף㵣ˡ
ģģҾ֪ҵµġҡҡͷĸ׺úÿ㶼ʲôˡ
ˣˣˣʵҲǿˣҵڱһصӺˡ
ô䣬ҶЦ
ԣô䣬ҵϲЦݣЦһչǿȥһʮһ㡣
졣һſŤͷÿˮվ
Ƿſ죬Цȥɣ
ɺ
졣
һͺ磬ȥһ
˶û˵ôرһһжڲС
û˵ҲûжôվԱߣԼһӰ쵽һ㡣
ʱһȥͺʱһֹ̾һ㣬еһжٱ仯ֱһӹȥɺԴصԲ죬Ұ·Ūʪˡ
û¡ıɺͺԶҪֿһ㡣
Ǻһȥɺ˻Ա߿أһ죬Ͻſ죬ִٵصȥ·ˣҶأ
ҡͷ
˲֣ҲƻˣȻٱɺĵصסɣһ¸˵
šɺص˵ͷ
ݻ·ȥˣղɺȻû˵ȴһֱȪᣬǰ·ȫʪ͸ˡ
ɺһȥҽҪúõһٷӷ硣һϲĵ˵ʱ򣬻Ĩһϵˮ
˼ҹεĶƽˣ֪ʧ֮û˯һ̤ʵûгԹһٱ춼ĵ´Ϣ
ڶӻˣһڹȥˡ
ɺ˵ͷһϱһ㣬ȥ
Ҳȥſڵվ
ҲȥĊҲ˹ȥ
ˣЦŵͷúãǰæҾҪɺܶࡣ
ˣ֪нпڸԴЦѾҺϤ˵Ҳ㡣
УЩһֱչңлˡЦ˶˭ߡ
Ǻã˵˳˫пڸˡҲЦ


225 ڽ˷ѣһ
Ů˳컻·ܿˣɵ£ҺܿҵĴ֮С
ʦ˵˵⼸ɣŽĵ
֪дһʡĵͷ뿪ʱһжǽѺۿռ꣬Ѻۿռִ⣬ħ岻֪ʲôȻǿѺۿռִ˺üռѺۡ
פǿߴֲħΧˣֻǼʥֵĴ³˳
ҺӳǼʥַӦǳļʱͨѺۿռĴʱӡʹħһʱ½
˵ţʵҲʱħİɣ
ǣӦ֮ǰһЩҡҡͷʱѺۿռзһԶż治źü߼ħ壬Ȼһħӡ
ħӺ˺˵ˣһ̨ˣǽɱˣĪĵħҹ֮ԽħӦǸ̨йء
ռѺ۵ľޱ䣬ҹҲǴ˼̨йء
Ȼ飬һֱΪѺۿռޱ֮ʱħġ̾һô˵ħӦıֻһֱûзְˡ
Ӧȫ廰Ǹ̨ǳľ£ԲһõģֻҺ棬Ϊʲô֮ǰפ־һֱûзأ
ʲôֵģʱˣҶˡЦǸռѺȻ˼꣬ħҲһֱڹԶŴս֮ħĹǿȲ󡣡
ҲһЩͼħ壬ûκεΣԴҲû̫⣬ְֻʽ
˵òĵȻŲٵĸ֣ʥƽʱҲкüλ֮ͬǰǴ󲿷ʱ䶼лѺۿռв̽
ֱѺۿռ⣬Ѻۿռżǿ˽䱸ɳڸѺۿռѰ顣
˵ţĶһ£Ѻۿռľ䲻פ˲أѡĸ۹ӢҲ˲أֻ˳
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ʤҲǳصģǼǰûֵã˼ˣ֪ǵ֮Ҳʤ
ԭЩǰģϧʱҶΪѺۿռľģûǣҲʱա
Ҳǹȥ꣬ҵ϶ͷڱõϢҺ׼֮еļǰǰ˻һ㣬ʤͻ˷ڵϡ
ڼʵòǣǱڰֳ֧ȹƿˣ֮жǵд
֮£ǵֵסֻýǵ˳˳ȫʤ
ƿ֮ĸ£ȫ˵ʵƣ漴ʤ
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ȷʵʤʵȷʵֵסĹ˵ǶԴɡû뵽ǣѧԺ֮һذǰȻˣҶΪȥûʵǣʥ
⣬һЩʤǰҲ˻оҵһʥѧԺеһʥвڵȸ֡
֮кܶǶΪԲڣȴ룬Ҫô߱չҪôһֱһЩ
ǵĻع飬ʤʵһӷ˱Ҵ½һЩ֪Ĵ¼ҲǣõǵʵǣǷʣµҲǡ
˵ĳȹȴģνǣնǴˡ
󣬷ʵûа취ֻžԮ½Ϣ˭ҰʤǾǷڲݵС
ڴѾ꣬ʵɲ⣬ڴ½ǼֱŷɫĴڣϢ󣬺ܶǵá
Щ˵ѴȻ֪Ҳûǿǣߺ󣬷ΣȻնǴˣҲʧء
ʱҵֵõһõϢٴɳ˸֣Ǵﵽϵʥȸ֣½վ۷ĴڣǿҲһʥѣͲֵܵס


226 ڽ˷ѣ
ѣֻԮȻͬһһٶ꣬ǼûκεϵʱǶΪδػæ
ȴ룬ǲˣǺģкڴˣں˲ٶǳ֡
ϧƽûбֶã½ϵļźһЩһűʤȻǶûжԺ˵ʲôǵĻȴ͸һϢ˵岻òִ½ĶԹΥ˼ĶԹǽֵ塣
ѣֻڴЭ飬֮ò֮£ҲԲ֮ĶԹ
˴Э飬ʱõ÷ڲֱӶǳ֣ȴ˶Ըǣ˵ħ年ᣬҪǣȫĵ۹ͳһʤʤĲݡ
ԭһЩǹϵõĵ۹У۹ǲ۹Ļ壬ǽ۹䶼ɱ⣬ƽ񶼱ΪūֱӳΪߡ
һ̫ʹе۹ϵɱԸǣʤȻ񣬵Ҳסʮ۹Ľڽڰˣ֮һĹ죬˸ͨٲͶʤȮԣ۹ǳӵƽ񡣡
ŶԴɵĻɫˮȫɱ조û뵽ȹţΪ˷ɽͿ޼ɵˡ
ڵ˵ڵʵȷʵǳǿǴ꣬˭Ҳ֪ʲôʵϹԴҡҡͷͻȻԼĻƺвףϽŤͷһԵ
˵ǵģϼһǡǺһЦԴһҪ֪ղ˵Ϲ˵ʵʵϹô
ѵǱ廹ǿ󣿡ü˵Ȼ٣ʵǳǿǲڱںһЩһŰɣ
˵ʵʮҲԸϲ塣ҡҡͷһĿռѺۣǣ߳ϵʵ
ħ廢ħĹռѺۣȻٴ࣬ĿռѺ۶ǹռȻʱѺۿռУѺۿռ䲢ȶҪҲǺѵ顣
ʱƴ½һħ幥ʱ½Ļ֮ʱŲòЭ
Ȼһԭ򡣡ԴٴνӿڵϾ࣬˵Ҳ࣬˿츳ԼľѪǣΪҲһȺ޶ѡ
˵Ҳһǳ壬Ҷ֪ʵֲһִ½Թôвԣһڿսʵ̬ҲضУʱһʤ½ʵһ롣
Ϊ⼸꣬һֱûвִ½ĶԹǱѹҲûвС
˼£Ͽ˶Դ˵ΪԼһйϵ죬ҲᵣȰԴ½
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ǰ˵ʤ֮ʣҲǰǼǵдˣ˵ǰڼ̳֮λʱʶд꣬ÿһᱻʿһۡ
飿üͷһһԾؿ򶫷Դɡ
ȷʵ顣ԴЦ»Ǵǧǰʱڴ½Ĵѹ£ĴѾܲסʱ
ǣɿǵǵԼȺ֮Ծôһ취ֻҪǳλʶǰȥףأпд裬Էˣп¶Էۣʾ档
ΪˣЩηֺޣÿλľʵЩŵ˲츳õĺ󱲵ӳΪȴЩ츳һĵӳΪԴʡ
꣬ħ춯ҲϵǶ֪Ҳûôˡ
ηֱӳֶԸңȻǽŭˣٴǡ


227 루һ
ڶԴɵĻ쵹Ǻܲ죬ȻŰԾļ䣬ԾҲսʥ㱻ɱˣͲ֪Щ顣
񣬵ʽЩֿʱǵжôĺ壬ȴôʶȫȻ뿪
ɴ˿ɼʵжǿ
һԿʵǺܲûΪĴûǡ
廹ǿ£ġ
ҳӦòı䣬Ϊĵӣû£ҲģԴɺ滹û˵Цʵ̫ҪȫԦǲ̫ԡ
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ҪǰȻǷûгɳʱȷɳ˭Ҫǡһֱû˵䲻ĵ
˶˵ȻǶ֪˵ϾһǿΪ磬ûʵñŷôĸԸİ㡣
Ժ˵ɡЦЦʦһ磬϶ҡ
һ£ʵҵĳڴ½ֵ÷зôҶһֱû¶棿
ҲԴҡҡͷһĨ˵ı顣
֪ǾͲ˵˰ɣŵʱˣһüͷ΢΢һ壬߰ɣôˣˡ
Ѱӣ˺üǳķʢ˶ϤҲٿȫϳ
극ĵ˱ˣ֮⣬ɺ
ԭҲģ⼸꣬һ϶ûзֿǵĹϵǹ
ɺһĿٴ˼ŮˣĸŽĻؼˡ
ˣɺҲԱ߻ǵˣһѽ챧ס죬ԺҲҪֿˡ
ãҲֿ챧סɺĺ촽ȥ
ԱߵǵЦЦҲ꣬תȥˡ
һߣҲɺԼķ䡣
תһҹȥ컹δϰԵˣԼסɺǺ˵Ҹı飬̲סǺ촽һ¡
СĵĽɺסԼÿ촩·
ϣˡ
һѣҲٷϻֱӿǰʤѣ֪ɷһİ
ԣЦЦԡ˵⻰ʱԥûС
ԣһ㶣ԭֻ̽һºȴû뵽Ӧ˸ɴࡣ
ǵģҪֻҪһڣû⡣ЦԹķʽҪ󣬶һӵݡ
üͷһ壬ΪʲôҪ˵֮ǰԼģѵҪΥԼ
ɴΥԼЦ
ɻ֮ʣ֮ǰڵԼΪ˵ǲøԤ֮ĶԹ
ûпڽ֮ǰȻΥҲô˵£˲˵ĵӣˣֻҪ㿪ڣ˾Ҳô˵¡
ʱǱİң֮ǰѾ˵ۺ£ֻҪ㿪ڣƳ١
˵ţ̾ϢһʵЩ꿴ĴһֱѹǵҲܣǣǾһ壬裬Ҳ޹⡣
ҪͳЩ쵰ˡ
ԣû˵ֻĿתؿźð죬ͻȻǰҺ֣ʵαںһСӣЩʦҲûгֹͲ֪ȥȫԲںǸġ
˷һɫ͵һ䣬һǿϢϱ֣õɽѹ
ȴ˿Ȼź
ֱð죬ջƣһ칰˹ֵðˡ
£֪ɻ󣬵ҿԸ㣬һ壬Ǿ;Բᱳǵԡ
Ȼȥ˵ķɣĿһ컹ġ
ʦ㵵ؿź
ǣڵĴԼʺһЩһǶǼ˵ģֻǵǾ߰Сһ㡣


228 루
ԭˡվĶź֮ǰðǰԭ¡
ʱףΪʲôղŴӦôɴ࣬ЩˣֻһۣһӼס۷ԶҲ𷴿֮
ɾˣΪ߲㵱ۼơԼʵ¼ȥȻһ㷴֮ġ
ˣղŵȻЩҸοЦֻҪˣܳɾʹ£ֻн˲Żøãһ㲻˽⣬һʼǣǾ̫ḡˡ
ȻǳԷԷȻܣԹһŵ۹ѧԺȥ
ΪԼãԸˡ
۹ѧԺµſ϶ȫұһ˽ȥ
ɽһ˱סˣΪ˶ˣͲǣ컹µЩһˡ
ԭ컹ΪԼˣȴʱ仹һ㣬һ֮²ףԭҽһЩΪµҪ²һ¡
ڵʤѾʤ۹ǻˣΪʤ߲ʤߣвٴ½Ͼֵֵħ壬ˮæġ
ϾĴ֮ףڹǣŵڳĶ⡣
ΪЩߣµûڻʹڵ۹ѧԺ
ԭһʮһλãм䰲ʮλãǸʮλʥģҲǻ˵ĳϡ
֮⣬߸жʮĸλãǸֺһЩġ
ɣһʣûʸȴĸףȻ֮ǰʧˣжҡ۹ѧԺԼ˾ҵͦҲû˸ҷԡ
ο֮ǰΪ˵ֵڣɸǽǵøһЩǰͻơ
ȻǱҲʵо۷ĸ֣ṩ֮£ƿﵽʥ
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Һ͵۹ѧԺʵȴһ㲻ڶҵʮˣʥҲˣ۹ѧԺҲʮʥ
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λȴм·һȻʵǿģ˵ȴ㻤˵ˣΪǲֵܳģһλãǱʾء
λˣȫǴ½ĸ֣ҲһʥȴҲʤʵ
˵Ȼʤ֣ϵˣǿһ㶼û˻ʤ˻
ǣ˻Ǻصġ
Ϊÿһλ˵ģǻˣȴûλԴһǰλġ
һΣŵλֹһҪźüĵӱһλϺͶʥʵǳĸǿǶæģҲλ
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һҪм䰲°˸λʵûа취ԴҲ֪˭İ취мԭŵλðųԲΣŽλ
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Ȼλǰ񰮣СҲֻйˡ˹ֵСǳܶطԺλǰָ㡣
Ȼ˽λϣΪĵӶѣΪжôš
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ԣ˶΢΢ͷĵ̬Ƕ⣬ϾǶǿߣ뱻һʵǸ͵˹ܵġ


229 սڼ
ԺұһˣЭ䳤ֵʱĻԻ͡
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ָԣ˵һʿͶδ֮£Ӧ֮¡
ܻȽ˵һ飬˸˵ĿҵĿͬչ˵ǷΪ뱣ɡ
ΪڼȻ룬λ֣ȫ׽˸ֻɱһ˵۷硣
ΪȻ룬̫У½ߵļɵԻ˲á
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Ϊˣòɿ˲ǣֹص˼൱˭Ҳκβ˭
һֱûзԼ붫ȫȼҲûзԼΪǼ֪ǵʵŶ̫㷢Ҳδᵱ¡
Ƕû˵Ҳû˵ֻǾȴ֣ʱԼ
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ִ˺һۿܻĿ⿴죬ӣӦӦԣ
ܻǼɵߣһ˵ҲĿ⿴죬Ϊ׵һʥҲʵѡΪӣӱв֪֮кθ߼
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½Ŀ⼸ۼôһ̲ϵǵǹϵϡ
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Ϊ½ЦҲи˽뵽ַǵĶ֮УΪǴ½ĻԻ͡
ɱǣǱԻ֮ǰԻͣԣҾһ̲Ҫݺݵشǿߣܽɱ⣬Դ춨ǵ
ǰ뷨ıϡͷΪڵءƴҲעǣֻǲ֪ǳʲôԭûǹϵţʤˣһ֡
ʱǵʵٴμǿԷڣҲپ壬һ̰ˣڿκϣҲٲ֣ӴĹȥ
˵⻰ʱĿؿ·ǰæļʥһۣڸоĿ⣬˶ɫһ䡣
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ҾԣˣҪЩ쵰ȫû⡣ɵʥͷ־ƣڵ۹ѧԺǿߡ
֮ǰʵҲĲúýѵһˣֻ֣½ͬż
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˵Ҳûк֣ʾ˵ǿʵкں󣬴Ҳûк֮ǣȻҲû˷ԡ
ھͽлҲվ
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ϻóޱĵҩǣǽóδսУ۹͡
һ£ֲһ䣬ЩҩȫޱȵƷϵҩаƷҩ
ԣһ󼤶еĴð̹⡣
ܿ죬ܻ㵣ĵصϵĸ־нǧ춼սʱô


230 泣һ
ܻĵбҪģûеҩͣҶ˵ʲôһʹ͵ҩһδȥʱòôҩǿɾͶˡ
Ҫ֪ƷϵĵҩɲǴײˣ֪УǴһöͲˣɲսȴнǧ۰ͲУ˵ˡ
ǰصģҩȫ㹻һЦмǧƷϵҩ
ôࣿ˶һĴ۾죬ֿϡ
ͷֵƷҩ֮⣬滹ƷĵҩҲ˵սֻҪ´󹦣ԵõӦĵҩ
ҵ죬ô൤ҩռжҩʦжҩʵ̫ˣǴ½ЩţҲòô൤ҩ
ʱˡ
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Ŀ䵽Լͨ죬ĿϣаЦѣղ˵ô൤ҩʱ⼸ж̰֮ɫ
⼸˶ǴæģǰǸʲôģ첻֪иҿ϶ǸԼϣһ뿪ͻ١
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ϵʵڳˣǺҲδܿУʵֿȷʵǿЩ
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˵ڻġԹİһ졣
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쵰ֻԼȻһͲ˼ҡݺݵصһۣһѾסһ⣬ʹһ
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һһӱͨ죬ص᲻̫ͻȻˣ
ʲôͻȻģʦͿҵˡЦ
㣬Ҳˡһת˫½ǣĵͷ
ôУҵġһЦҲɬȥ
Ҫʲôɻʵ
ȻʦˡһЦӦѾܵĵǰƿĵС
ԭһЦ⿴ĽıŪһ㶣˿еƿֿ죬ɻصʲôʲô
ʦѧ޸Ұɣǳֱӣõڳ˶סˣ񿴹һ㣬ð춼ûзӦ
Ȼ֮һЩ֮ǰѾµƿΪѣôҲû뵽˵ֱӡ
ͺڽһԼҪģֱⶫô
ˣҲˣĿɿڴؿ졣
Сӡ뽣һɶЦҡҡͷ
ҪȢŮͻȻһЦؿ졣
ţʵصͷ
˵˲ЦŽƿԼĴС
һ㶣Ҫȥ˭
Ȣ˭ȥ˭ɣһ䣬Աߵļ˶Ц
ɬֱţܿȴһֱ֡
֪ԼˣˣǺƤԽĵлʦ˵ţѧ㣬ʦͬˣԺҵˡ
˭ˣҪݺݵһۣǿ˦ץŵ֣ܿˡ


231 泣
СӣҿɾôһŮԺɲܸĵӣҲմ󡣡Ķ쾯
ʦģԺԲḺѧ㡣챣֤
£ԱߵƷɽֵ죬ҼɺڶסˣôԴ
һıݺݵصһۡ
쿡һ죬ղŻ˵Ḻھͱˡ
Һã½һȢŮ˵֪УֻûӲŻֻȢһŮˣҴͿŮĹϵȴûֹȻĬˡ
ƤóƿƷɽЦ׼ˣͬ⡣
ӹƿƷɽһۣЦͬʲô
Ȼͬ⽫ɺ޸ˡӦĵ
Ȼɺ޸㣬ҸʲôأƷɽЦֲҼ޸㡣
ͷðߣû뵽Ʒɽ˵ĻѳڣȻܰ;ϣʱע⵽ƷɽѾƿٺһЦ㽫ҵƸˣɾӦˡ
ӦǿԡƷɽҪΪ조һ£ղҲԺƸԺɺ˭Ǵ˭Сأҿɸ㣬ҿɾɺһŮǾԲСġ
Сӣ˵ҲһصҾֻôһŮԲС
һԱߵɫһӱѿˣЩǻһϷؿ졣
˶Ϊûа취֮ʣȴٺһЦģôǵСأ
ΪԼ֮ʣֵҶһˣҪֵôϸǽãһû˭˭Сһ˵ٺ١
ϣҪת뿪ȴһӰȴǰ
櫣ôˣ쿴ŊһĮؿ죬Ȼޱ飬ȴһֺܹĸо
ҲҪס䣬һ˿ĸ飬Ҳͺһ㡣
ȴûɻصôҪסأ㲻ڻʹסúúõô
櫲˵ôĿתؿ죬ȫڣȴ˵ԭ
ע⵽櫵֮ͫоȻ⡣
ôˣʲôˣɫһʵ
ҡҡͷٴظҲҪסס
ŊǼᶨı飬ҲپܾϲɣأһҲ֣߰ɣһȥ
櫵˵ͷסȥ
ȥıӰƷɽBɸǿЦСǵģ
صһ¸Ǻɺ˵ˣǸ˵ЦˣɺҲ׼û˵ʲô
ǿɺΪ㡣
ڊ櫣Ҳ˵ˣȻûп櫸ס˼ȴԊŮһ
ĸףҾͽˣһЩҪȥ졣콫齻һҴҳţǻ˵ĴϣҪ֪˿ûģľǴϡ
Ͽɲô׵ģһսóʵԲñ˿ˡ
ԣڵǳĽҪǳʱԲʱȥ׵ġ
СӣһľͷԶȥıӰεҡҡͷ櫵֣οģŸջûĸıӦУ㻹ǰǸС
Ҵսڼֳƻˣܶ鶼Ҫȥæȹʱ䣬Ȼܸоĸġ
š櫵ͷ˫֮գỨ
ʵҲڲ̸˵ʱ򣬿ɿƸʱͷǳĲܡ
櫽㣬ԺǿɾһˣԶչСáɺҲס櫵֣ЦǼУʵǿˡ
櫽ҲҪչҡҲס櫣Ҫ۸ǣǾͲ׼䡣˵⻰ʱ΢΢һ죬͵͵һǣǲûŷġ
ŮľٶõÊǱ¶һĨɵЦ⣬֪ŮѾֻתˡ
ҪǿҪأ
Ǿͽϳȥ
ĵӣʵǿǸʹ򲻹
ĵӣһأ櫽Ҳ֮壬ɺľ츳ԺƹܼľãǾʹ;ö˫Ʋá
νŮһ̨ϷŮ˲ŸսأȻͿʼƲˣһԱߡ


232 ս
Ů˵ýζȴûһ㵣ģϷ¶ĵЦݣԼǸɵӲˣһŮˣ˵ò˶ãС
ĸ׵ģк
תһȥ´ͨ뺵ӣһ磬˱׼͵˵ĵ
Գ켸Ϊ׵ƺҲЩȲŴȺߣƺƵĵ˵۶⡣
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˭Ȳ˵ܻһЦ
ѦǰΪ̫ϳϣܻʵܻ࣬ʥĶС
ܻɵı飬Ѧüͷ΢΢һ壬һ˿õԤУĿⲻʤǿɨһۡ
Ȼ֮ǰһЩİףʵǺǿѦĿ䵽˺ϣܻ֮ǰһֱѹŴ򣬽ôһӱţѵĸҳְǣ
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˵ţĿ⿴Ѧһ۵СͷЦ翪ǿ˵˵öô
Ȿһǿ磬ʵȻֻܱ̭СͷһЦģȫ
־仰ҾͷˡһЦ
Цɣҿ㻹Цʲôʱ򡣡СͷаЦѡ
Ǽɵ壬ЩͽĴˣҪ֪ǿǷչ˼꣬νǱ鲼ȫ½
ĴͬŲٵҪһĲĴ壬ǾԶ㲻˵ġ
һжΪ壬½峹ǻ𣬵ʱ˭ù
ԣһֱǵҪȫԴֻҪһЩģܵչ
ĴȻ󣬵ԴϡȱͲܷչʲô
ǵ뷨УĴܵĴȥˣֻһû䡣
ʤĶ˵ʵע⵽ʤϾôһԶսҲۺ졣
ϧʤ̫ãǲûж԰ռֻҪ۹ѧԺΪѧͿԽ롣
Ҳ˭õѧԺջأҪƶûС
⣬һȻУҪҲʲô£Ҳ϶Ḷһδۡ
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Ȼ⻹ҪģɵĴһֱܵӣˣ϶Ҳʱǲ
ԣһֱʤչȥ̽Σûзֶ˿Ĺϵ
ʤһֱܵ͵ʵҲǺǿҲֻе
˭뵽ǵˣĴҾȻʵѾۻ˵ǿ
壬ǽÿֱ۶ڼλʱǵܴͱŴɱһǧҲŹ̬ʤˡ
ԣǶνǺ֮ǣܹĴȫܳ׶ϵڴ½ĸ
Ͼֲ壬ĸ¶ھη˭Ҳֲ½ϡ
տʼСͷ翪ǿΪڹ򶨣ɺܿ㷢ֺı鲻Ծ١
һ翪ǿĿ⿴˵ˣտʼûоôɵʱ䡣
죬ͷˡ졣
һǱȴɣǶ¸ʲôɱ첻Сͷʾһȡ
ɱͱһӻĻô࣬սӿǱʱɢջҫ۵Ĺâ
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໡
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Щʥ֣ҲеԼڵսˡ
һ壬㣬ʵǿܶ࣬Դ֮壬Ǵ꣬Ѫ֮е͸ģǸ͵ֵס
ˣʥֵʵ㲻ܹȫӳȻΪǵʵǿ٣Ӱ첢󣬵֮ĽһʵҲܳΪѹյһݡ


233 һһ
໹ǴϵĶǵӰ죬η壬ֻҪһη壬ٴӰʵķӡ
Ȼ⻹Щʥʥµߣһɵʵѹƣһܵǹѹ߶ʱˡ
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ɱɱЩĻ쵰
ɱ
ɢϣڰгХ˵߶ʧɫֲѣ˵սǡ
ѺۿռʧôôֳˣСͷɫòҰףȻǰĵʵǿԴ½Ӱ̫
ЩôĴ壬Ĵڣ˶ΪһЩ˶뵽
Ƕһ޶ģϵϣǾԲαģĳִ˵壬ǵа
һִϵӰ죬Ϊ˻ħ֣ľ壬ûκεĲϢΪħ屻˺ʧˡ
ЩţѱûҲܵߣСͷ֪ԼĲ߻ļƻѾʧˡ
Ĵ֮׽˵ġ
УĴĶԹһǿǵδգζҪɱǸСӡСͷɱǽĵӣҲޱǿ
һϢǰͶ壬һҾôǿĴȫ룬жôǿأ
ɱ뽫ɱСͷԽԽľеɱҲԽԽǿ
ϧҪ֮ʣԷٴδ֮
໡
𣬽Ķȫ˶ʱΪһ߳ףȫۼ׸
֮Ҳͬʱһ壬ȻԶȴȻһЩӰ죬Щ£ʵٴαѹơ
ͬʱȫǵʵҲŻΪѸٱǣһٴڣΪ
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ģҲˣѾۼΨȱôܡҪֵСͷǾ֡
һĵӾѾѶԸˣڻôֱǳɳЩεȵѡ
򾪻δꡣ
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ϵѹ̫ѹеԼʵٱѹһɶࡣ
ʥ̣ôܣ½ʲôʱǿĴڣȴ֪Сͷ벻ͨǶԴ½ļأֻҪﵽʥĸ֣Ƕ֪ġ
ʤۼЩʥǶ֪ģǵҲǳ˽⣬ǰ̣ȴû˵
СͷЩһֱˣָŽʤҵ飬֪ǰǴĿռѺд顣
֪νȡˣ˵֮ززˡ
ܣȥһҪ֮ţ׼СͷҲһ֮ˡ
ʥʵںֵ£͵ϮɱûǿԵġ
ڳһΪֲĴڣҳǸʥ֮⣬һʥ̵̣ı£Ͳɱ졣
ٵȥȴֻ·һ
ӰһתСͷʱ
ܣϿһֱСͷһ㱻ϸˡ
ӰһϾһ⣬Сͷ׷ȥٶ̫ˣ쵽Сͷһȥ߶ûзӦ
䡭
һ·˵߶׷ɶһ̣ȻըΪѪ⡣
һһʥ䡣
ʥʵ̫ǿˣǿͬΪʥǿߣŵøεѣ޵ֵ֮ģתӡ
ǿĴȻΪǿĴڡǿֲϣаԼԱȣȴҡҡͷȻ廯Ϊ֮ʵҲǿ
Ҳף̲壬ʱΪƽ⡣
ǣûǰæĴҲڴ½𡣡аҲ֪ħľУжǿߡ


234 һ
죬Ҳͼ̽йؾռǶڲ̸Ҳʵ
֮ǰһֱΪǲ̸ǹأ岻ģڿϱΪ̺ǵʵȴжصľŵʵָ߿˺üۡ
ܵ𣿡쿴Щ˵˾ʿһĨϷ֮ɫֻ޴Ѹתһӡ
ˡ
ãͻأ֣ۣһ̣һ޴ͼȻڰ֮У˵С
ɱ
һͺȣнӡı仯ãͼ֮г֣ɱĴ
ݡ
ƿȻ𣬽ͼֵķΧĿռ֧飬Ҳ˲䱻̵һѡ
һʱ֮䣬Ѫ֫衣

Ĳҽ𣬿ɺܶշȻֹΪѾĽãɱһ⣬Ҳ˿
ˣ˲һѪ⣬һЩʵʣһ궼û£ǽã֮£ֱӻΪС
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ЩǰĻҲı仯ŵȫɫףȫϽͣ£һЩ˸ԸٶȺˣǿֲĴ󲨼Լ
ĴѹҪô˵ߣԭ׼ܻڿǲǿߣ˫ҲǾҵ
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ǶһЩ
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235 ȫʤһ

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һߣɱ翪ǿͬʱҲһĮĵһеȣ䣬ɫףǴѪȥ쳣Ǳǰ
ǷӥһǰƽʵȴﵽһʥһţͬʱҲһĺ֮
֮ǰ˻δ֮ǰΪʤͰɱڵʤӢ֮󣬸Ǳ䱾ʱ䣬ϵʤ߾ǧ
˾ҵ߾вʮϣԭ΢˾ҸΪãҪǻЊ֮壬˾ʤǰʮŲˡ
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ֻϧһֱܽƻӲУҲסΣÿһӳˊ櫵ġ
죬һŵĨͣ˭ܵÿ죬ûӹ櫵ģסˡ
ڴԹ˲ϾȻ˭
ּ߽Уڊ櫵ϳ˿


236 ȫʤ
ŮˣӹƽףŊ櫷ŭ˲ǣһɱϵȻû櫳ֻ֣վŭĿӡ
б¾ͽҴܣ͵ΪЩϵ˾ּӵܳ
һ˫һתһǰ֣գ۱һǰһӣƽȥ
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ΪһͣͣԭֹǳҲʧȥ˻ᡣ
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ǧû뵽ӡҾҡ
ƼʼңҲǶǰңǵʵ˲٣ǿܹڻҵǧ꣬ӦҲŲٵʵ
˵ͷ˼µ֮ǰ
õϣ֮ǰûΤֵ¥ǼĵҲ֮ʱȣڲ鵽Ϻޡ
û˵˼˺һſΤֵϸңҪ֪ЩƽʱЩϵС
⣬رעһڣźͺңһĴУҳôãȴһֱûжҪ֪ǵڸʲô
סΤӦ
£ֵҪںŵϣڣ
ǡ
Τּ֮󣬺ܿ뿪ˣνӰȥ켸ˣû֪
գʲôûиɣ櫡ɺѩŮĴεһ·˵ЦһӴŮһ㡣
˶㲻ڸʲôҲû˸
ȴĸоһֱʶ۲죬˭ȴǳͬʱҲЦѡ
ڵգˊ֮⣬ŮЩܲˣԸٸһй䣬ʵУǻǷǳǵһ
ﲻȥһֱ֮У˵Ŀ֮£Щ˵֮Щ˲û˵ʲôҲɬò˼ȥˡ
Ǌ櫣ڵԸ䣬˾һ㣬ɱ˵ȫûһ㣬⡣
ѩΪ˶죬ȥչˣɺȥˣǰЩһ̣׼￪̻ᡣ
Ȼ̻᲻ٽ̻ᣬǽ̻ᡣ
Ϊ˴̻Ѿƻˣ̻һţ½ǴħŪĶħǡצԼһЩϡпʯ
⣬͵Щҩ


243 
֮ǰһ̣ȻóٵҩǲһݣһݻϷţɲɵһȫó
Ȼڴ˵ЧˣҲһܶ𣬳ǰʶЩԼһħĸ⣬˶δػȫġ
ϾҪԼʵԣҩ;Բ١
磬Ҳˡ櫶¶һ˵ЦݣҲ뿪
Ȼûһ㣬ǿ˵ĵ˰ô˵ôʲô˼ġһΪȻصˣ˵ĵҲ˽ò࣬Ǹñչ׼ˡ
չˣһչؾʮ죬տʼǻΪǵأһü춼ȷæˡ
ŮˣȴòС
ǵزˣǿǴԼļǰŪѪѵԭ򣬱ϾֻҪѪһѣǼʵͻᱩǣҲöزص
ǷЧңʱǻûпôࡣ
Ͼ첻񣬶ʵҲûгɳȫ߱ǳ
ǽǳϵȼ̣δؾͻ˹Ͼʹǵпܱ¶
һѪܾѣ¶˵͵
տʼǶڣǱѪѵԭ򣬿Ҳǲ񣬲ʲôֶΣǾǱտڲ̸
ΪˣҲףϺ꣬׳ܡ
ѣֻýĿת򶫷ȫϣУѩ񡢰ǵ
ѩһСջ̫ϤȻζ㱻׳СﻹоԺ󣬶տڲ̸ɴͱչˡ
ڰϿˬ죬һСڣȴһ㣬һһҵ˶Է⣬ܶԷʹʲô취Ķ˵ɾǲ̸Ѫһ¡
ʵҲһ㲻̸˵ֵǽԶսһǰæ֮ʹѪѵġ
֪ϢΪϢǸûһãǽԶսǰǸͲܡ
Ȳ˵ܷԶսȥˣܻǰһܱ־ԼڵѪ֮Ƴ
ֵһѾңϣǸͲܡ
ۿ˲ΪִƣԼҶһˣһѪ
Դˣȫ˸֮ԱǣȷʵһѪѪʲôϵ
֮ǰûм̸ϣ⿿ǵ㲻֪˶ٴѪУĿðǱ졣
Ұиһ㣬ѾʧòˣԲ񶫷ػԼ
Ҫ֪Ĵ֮Խа壬ΪǼ֮еλޱȵ磬רĹأһҵˡ
궫Դɵ˼ȫֵʱڶ೤϶鲻Խ¹ͿԿȻ󶫷ȫûгΪҵ峤ڶҵĵλȴ˿ɱȡ
˵ǼʲôҪȫ붫Դһ𣬶ҵȫ·ܻˡ
ڣزȴȫӦеĵλȻǶֵǺܿȫΪ׳Ѫ֮룬ǲûжжôء
֮ǰұ¶Σ֮ʱδ˰æһҲԿ
ֱϳˣǷ̵ѪˣһҲ˵ĵû̫ΣʱѯѪ֮
λô죿һ֮Уزֿӡֹͻ£ЩֶΣǾӲԣҶҲзΨ졣
С֪˼ȴʱչأûǵ£ȻȥҲδػǡ
طϣǲ˵ʲô취ӡֹҡҡͷҾѪѿ²ףЩҲδ֪
ô뷨زɻؿӡֹǵѪˣһΪǿô֪ܲ
Ѳ֪ӡֹЦҴȫֵܶԶսõ֮žѵģǸͲ֪ΨǸѩСѾͷ֪ôѵġ
ҿԿ϶ľѿ϶Ҳһ㣬ֲԼҲϡͿľ;ˡ


244 
Ҫֲ֪֮ҲΨˣΪĵӣضһЩ̣½Щı仯񲻿֪ܲϧչˣҲûа취
زֲû˵˼һ˵òΨ֪ǵѪ֮βΣǶŪô궫صӣ͹ˣֻҪѪѣǵʵǣʱЩ쵰Ҳô
˵ĵǲչˣ˶ôѪ֮ӡֹЦ
ƼˣҾʹչ֮ߡزɱһڣҵʵҪץֶѡ
һӡֹͻ˶ɫ䣬һȻؿŵز֡
ʲôֵģΪʵΪ˼壬ΪԺٶأôزһĮʥʵǹƨĵӣ۶ῴ
ӡֹͻϵļݵĳ鴤˼£죬ʲôû˵
ӡֹȴز֣ǧ嶯һôˣԶռĶ棬Ҫ֪ĵӳˣ֤ûע
һ֪ĵӣضŭ죬ʵҪڵĵؼҲӻ֣Ҿ񲻳֣ѵûзһֱô
زɫ粻ð죬һȭǰϣӻ÷飬ŭ
һֱºڳˡ
͵֮ĵز
˫˼䣬ز⣺ӣĿģҲµ˰ɣ
µһ㡣ЦӦΪѪѰɣģҾͲ²ˡ
ֻΪѪһ¡زּͬĴһʱţ˵ѪϡҲ޷ѣȴˣ֪ӿйϵ
һϵЦȻĻʦ˼ң˼ҽҵ֣Ǿѵġ
ȻоڵѪ֮ҪŨܶࡣ
ѵ˳ˣӡֹͻͬʱվϳ˼زҲ͵վ
ǵģħľռ䣬ȷʵֹЦվԱϻ
Ѫ֮ʱȷʵˡ˵ͷг˾η
ʱѪ֮ʱȷʵˣȻǽһӰ㲻ϣȷʵ־ҲΪʲôǻЧҵԭ
֣Ǿζȷʵĵӣζڣζһֱע죬ͬʱҲעǵһһ
֪ӿɷһӡֹһڴؿ죬Ҳޱȼؿ졣
ҵʦֲҵˣôģ̫ˡЦ˼ˣԼʱȻҲˡ
⡭һ㶣ޱȵʧ
ȻˣѾѪ֮ɣزּеʵһҲٴһڴ졣
ȷʵͷ
ôǾѪ֮زЩŭؿ졣
ºӡֹ˶ɫ䡣
ΪʲôҪǾѪ֮أһЦؿŵز֡
ĵӣֽѪ֮㣬㵱ȻøǾѪ֮زŭ죬˫۶һƬѪ졣
ĵӲ٣ʦѪ֮Ҳң㣬ʲôϵλվŵزЦ֮һëǮĹϵô
㡭زֱĻð춼˵¡
£ЦĴ壬壬ǰ˴֮⣬˶Ӧýˡ
Ѫ֮״̬Ҳ̡
ز־Ȼҳϣ˵£ƾһ㣬Ϳ֤ǵѲ
ϵǳı飬ӡֹͻ˶ɫһ䣬ȻĽͷȥֻеزһŭؿ죬Ȼ£ѵ㻹Ҫϣ
ҷ񲻷ʲôϵЦֲҵ£õ񡣡
˵ţĿɨһۣ֪ǶѪѣЩǱѹҲ˲ٿֻ࣬
ЩҸɵģҲҲҵ£ҸûǾѪҪѪȥʦ
һͬʱɫ䡣
һ£ȻܼˣΪ˵һӣȵʱ죬ҲǾѪ֮
˶ʱףԭҪЧҡ


245 
ӣѵûеڶ취𣿡ӡֹŽҵʵ
ûСǳᶨصҿԸǣѪѲףҲøٵĴۣҲܶûһϵ˸Щ۵ġ
˵ֵ֪²ǿģҿԸʱ䣬£㹻ˣûԺҲᡣ
˵꣬һתҪ뿪
زּһŭӰһҪ
ϧķӦ죬Ӱһ㵽ǰޱصô㻹ӳ֣
زһæҡ
áЦһԳ뿪ˡ
ֻʣµزˡ
쵰زһŽǰĲ輸߷ʥ֣ϰ˸߸ϣʱӹ
ô죿ӡֹ˵
ô죬Ѿ˵ԼܿǾԲܸıģֻܻȥˡ̾Ϣһûˣš
һţõϢϹܻ˹ɴʵӣ㣬ΪѪһ°ɣ
ЦûйϵƾʲôҪǾѪ
ܻüͷһ壬ؿ֪ʲô˼
Ѿ˵ˣǼˣ򲻻ǾѪ֮ԱߵĻЦ
úããˣǾҲ·ڡܻϲѪѣ½Ҳ˭
˵ţһڴؿ졣
֪ΪʲôǾѪ֮ЦȻȷʵ֪Ѫ֮ҵʵȴԶ
ҵʵһһȰǶҾѵġ
лӡȻѪܻЩʧõĳŵǺ˷ܡ
ܻߺϡɡԴԼĵҲˡ
ΪʵԭѾǼĺĳԱȻвûԹԣܻһлЩ
ǹܻ֮ٹ
ǣһֱɳܻȫһġ
ԣ콫ղŵزǵһһԼȫ˵ˡ
ղŵؼҿѾ˶ġϽüͷѪһҪЮ¾ӦˣѪ֮Ҳδһġ
ҺͻƼңȫزֵԽʯǱȵؼҸѲ²⡣
ҲôΪġͷѾΤϸĵǵҪЩһһԼЩŪ
ȻЩδؾܿңȴԷҵƽʱ磬Ƕҵ˽źܴô
ֻҪƽʱ磬ǾܷԱԣȻǼ˵Ȼá˵ţͻȻЦ㣬ΪʲôͿΤ֣ǸСһĲʱ䣬ŪһЩɵķ¥
ֱ޿ײ롣
ʵҵǿ˳ۣԴһѶѡЦ
ڶһ磬õϢزѾ뿪
Դˣûκε⣬ڿľѡ
û飬ԼһħʤӢ˹Ȼִӽҵˣæ
ӣǸʲôأõϢ˵ڵڿӣܻ˶˹ѯʡ
Ȼǲ󡣡ЦȻռ죬ǿ϶ʹ˰ݵģӷ¥ϢȻǻûзκε
ȴĴ£ǹ壬Ҫս½Ϊ׼ǣҷЩӲϼһҲȫȥЩȻЩԡ
ȻһЩʵϮҲδؾֵܵסȻ֪ڲǶһЩЩһжһֵס
˵Щڲ̬ʾǾͲǳ֣ˣĴ˷֮⣬ֻҪһַڶǳ֣Ǿͱذɡ
Ҳﲻʲôæ㲼һ󣬵ʱһá
ԣܻ˫һʦ֮ǰһսΪĴԼһ׻ʤ˶ô󱣻ϮҲ¡
ӵĴԺ˾͹ˡܻ˷֪ܵӲҪʲôֻҪУȫ֧֡


246 ļҼ϶
áԳϲʵҶ׼ò࣬һҪȴǷǳҶ࣬һҪ͸ˣȻҼƻ沼¼ռؼΪá
ҲҪһЩʱܴҾޣսܲסҪʯԽԽõʯ
ʯܻüͷʯͲ࣬ȻҲһЩʯôԺɾûˡ
ƺ֪ܻеĵģЦҲصģ󣬼ԶۼؼʱеҲԽʯ١
Ǿͷˡܻ˴ϲ˵ʯһ뻹ʤû˹һ˵ĲֿУҪֻȡǡ
С˵ͷֵʤǱߵʯþ˹Ȼȫһϣһ
ģѾȥ˹ˡܻΪȻĵͷ
ĿһתģʦҾѧԺǸԶսҲӦÿԴ٣ʯһսЩ߼ʯ䵽УЩʯҪãܸȹ̡
ǵ뽫俪ֻܽµ߰ĿЦ
ʦѵ˵ҴԶս󣬸ǸЦǸ㻹²ܽȥ֡
˫һĵô¸أãھȥ
ܻ˵Ŀڣʯ˴Ӳֿһİ˳
ػͬʱҪԴҲþ󲿷ݵȴ첼õ󣬴Ҵ֮ǰʯ´󲿷ݶǳʯҲЩˡ
ܻ˸ҲʣȥΪǳʯڵУǵĶѪ
Ϊ˵ֵڣΪһǿĵƣҲֻҧ۲Ĳۡ
æ˲֮ʱ̫ϳϷУҲ˺ڵǹȡ
֣Լǰ֪Ϊ£һ뷢԰ףƤûһƣճӤһŷЦ
к˺ұߵڣǰ˲֪˲Ǻˣܶ˶ΪѾڣȴû뵽챻иԼ˳
ѲǷҵʲôĵرֵǿۼһ߲һŻۣųСͷҲЦ
Сͷнһ㣬ǰ꣬м֮һóýڽϵΪܸߣ֮ɢ⣬ݵ֤
ѵûСɫܲÿôʲô˵һ߳һ׾ţȴݣݵöŹǣȫȴɢһɺǿĿ
ڵףҪ缸ʮ꣬ڷݺʱѾˣ˭뵽ȻҲ˵Ϥ
쵰˵Ļдŭ֪ĿģǾȻװɵҸǣһҷˣҲӵˣɱĴĸҲҷ١
ɫһ䣬ͷǶΪˣҲ˻ˣվһߣĸȫ֣ҲĶ֡
˵⻰ʱʶһԼǿյۡ
ɫÿΪ˵۶ûУ⵱Ȼˣǵ굱ʱս֮µġ
չڵʵ̫ǿˣֻһͽǵֱ۸ˣӦһҲһ˿ӰӰǺĳɾͣҲǶη塣
֮⣬ͼҲһ뻤˺ƴǲǡҲ󣬾ǽҽ˺ˣҲӲĶ֡
УڼռѺ۵ħ嶼ڵûפؿռѺ۵ѾԮȻħҪ½ҲһصȻĴг𣬵չ鶼ࡣ
һƴɱ˭ʤ˭ܣõôֻħ塣
һǵֵסħĽʱ½Ϳ̿౻ħпܣʱڼƽϻʲô壿
ǵ˼ǻ˳ɳǿǣŭȵ
˶˵ȴǡ


247 Ƽת
л壬ħ壬Ĳ֪ôˣǻкüԱ߻ڵǣôѡ񣬶ԡ
Ҫ֮ǰ⣬ǵģĻΪߵҲô룬ҷڽĸֻδǰȫԸˣԸμӾһԸμӣ͵ű˺ɡ
£ӰΪһ⣬Զȥ
ͷһɷиûᣬգ۱ʧ١
ô죿ˣüͷʵ
ô죬ֻ֣δ֮ǰ֣ض˻ˡһصǲҪˣѾڻ˳ԱǽˣҲضᱨǡ
УڻֻңһֱûǽˣҲڣ⣬˵ħ֮д֣ȫѪߣǿĴﵽʥͬʵﵽʥ
ǿĸ֣ܷɱɱıǷǳֲģУ˵ħ֮һռ䣬ʮĴԱҴ󲿷ݶѪߡ
ǸˣһǸطǳϣǽɱ˺Ǹռضᱨ
ʮ̣ǺεȵĿֲûۼǿǰЩżЩ
һϵļݳ˼£ȷʵ̵֪ǿ󣬵˵ĵӺǱ㷭ǰµĹż
ǳ׵̵֪ǿ
ڹżеļأͬߣ̿һʮǱ֮һ˿Զսʮͬߡ
ǿȫǿġ
ô죿Ĵĳޣһǳɳǵ֮ʱһǵص
ʱǽˣͬʱҲЩڵиðͷʱûнˣҪ֪ʱĶȫ壬ȫҲʥǿҲʥѡ
ҵʱδõ֧֣ˣҲ޻˵
ֻϧʱй˼ĵӳ֣п֣ܳȻҲ÷ȥͷһԽ֮ķӦ
ȻһˣͬʱҲ໥ţԼͽˣȻãֻϧһϣõöһӱǿ
˴½ϲҲ֧ܳˣǴѪѵʥ
Ǹˡ
ҪܷǺͽ⣿̽˵Ͼڴ½ͬħ廢һԼڲֻܱħ塣
Ĵ֮ڴ½պռ꣬Ҫԭǵ꽫ֵħˣħ֣ǵҪӦ÷ڵֵħϣڴʱǵҲá
ס˫һ취
һʱÿΤֶὫ½ϸĶ鱨͵ԳУǼÿ춼Щ˰ݷùǣΤֶŪ
Ϊˣýĵһ鱨С飬רŷΤ͵鱨
ԴˣܻȻЩãΪ첢ûнΤЩˣ˵鱨ϵͳ޷¥ȡ
Ϊ󾭽ѡҪǻøˣҲ޷˵ʲô
һԭĽġԴɡԪˣλһӱǿ˲١
ȻЩûᣬеľ˲֮ϣһػ˵Ĵ󣬿ɲһӾܲóɹġ
ҾΤ鱨ʾѾ£˲ٵһò˶ñضˣǽ֮ǰûܽóɣ˺ֵܿܵסǵĽ
ʱ֮ǰеŬ׷ѡ
ЩԾɺͽĵҵ죬һȫɻ
ʲôôɻʵ
ΤЩ촫ϢʾšҺĴﵱԼ½ϵߵֵħһ¡ɽüͷΪˣĴ𣬶ǻָǻ˾ǵĴҡ
飿Ҳɵüͷǰڵһֱѹ˵Ĵ壬ǲĴԵֵħµĹͣԴôҵĴ塣
ȴȫǰΥ
ǰǾú֣᲻ʲôıĵ


248 ı
û˵ü˼³ԲţһֱѹĴ壬޲ýĴ˺ģĴ͡
ð죬ſ򶫷ԪʵĴ嵱ķṦΰ֮⣬ڸʲôаϵһ𹥴ǣ
ûСԪҡͷҲǸеֵĵط˵ǴʱӦǵķṦΰӦһ𹥴ǲǡ
Ԫ˧Դô쿴򶫷Դɡ
ҲûŪסԴҡҡͷǵݱ¶֮ڵľٶһֱܹ죬ŪǶЩĪ
֮ǰһǣǴʱͱˣĻ󡣡
ǿ᲻һֱԵͻȻǴʲôԭȲܣô裬ʱǴĴ嵱걣½飬˶ĴӢۡ
ħִ˶֪ǵǵֵħӢۣǾͻһڴڴǰȥֵħ塣
ǲĴͻˣһᱻɲҲ岻Т֮Ͼ֣ʹŴҵֵħ塣
ˣȻҪԶ׷ĲڣҲҪָ죬Ǿǲҡ
ͬΪ࣬ǲֵħ壬ǲ壬άڵܻڵǾǲТ
ǲ뱳ϴħʱ͵óǰ棬ڵʵ͵ֵסħĽΪˣǾ͵ûٲܷȥ
Ǵ˭ʤʧĶǻ˵ǲֵħ壬רڶʵֻҪһǣͿԳפڿռѺ۵ʵ
ʱǿ˵ԼܵвѲųߣǾǱǳߵףʱǾ͵ȫȥħƴһħ½Ǿǧˡ
бҪôôüͷôȫʾıʾڵʵȷö࣬õôô
ڵʵġҡͷѵ壬Ȼ࣬һǿޱȣٲһٵʥǿ壬ͬߣҲֻǿǴƽ֡
Ȼ廹ûǵʵȷʵǣҪҲѣȴǣһǽˣĴһ壬ǶһԱǶôˣϾҲҪ档
ǲֻδʱǣһǾһ̲ˣֻеű³ԣŪôһ
й˼ɣôһһħɱǻóȥħƴǰˣ½ħռˣħɱ¾ӣһȻ˵
ʤˣǳǰ棬ʵض𣬶ǶںߣʵضǱø࣬ʱٳûǳ֣ضһֲ
ʱ˵嶼ǵϡ
աһĨɱ
ȷʵգԶȷڸΪաԴɵôҲ˵ǶǺܼɵйȻԭͬʱҲ˵ԭ򡣡
⣬Ҳ֤һ⣬ǼȻħǵʵǣǶʱڲǳ֣øʵĻᡣ
ھ͸ǷˣӦ׼ҵôҼӿȣڷڽ֮ǰ˴óɹ
Դɵ˺ܿͽǵĲ²ܻˣһоܻͬ˶Դǵķ漴ӦĲá
Ͼûĳ֣˵ѹ֮ǰһЩþ͵µרĶԸڡ
Ļ쵰Ҳ֪ڵΪ֪ױˣһǳ׵׵˸⣬һ㶼ʣ
ڣǷǳڴĴ嵱ĴµֵħǴʱȥԸǣΪʸ֮ġһƮƮǷڵ޼ɡ
һǰԼʱȣڵˣ϶һۣ۶ˡ
һжǰǰʸɵġ
ԴˣĴ嶼֮ǡ
һ£޼ɼ֮ǰϵһЩЩҲùģǻ鵽ƺҲϵһǶԸңпǵΧ
ɲ鵽ҵ䣿Įʵ


249 Ȼ뿪
ûв鵽صúҸ޼ɳϵ͸ֻҪһЩʱ䣬Ҿܲǵ䡣
Ͻǵ䡣г˼£ʱǣȻ϶ˣڵǱҲδظǡ
ǲǣĸֵ˺ǻǿ޼ɵϾĴ嶼֮ʧ̫ˣȻ콣ڽúܸߡ
ܶ˶ǵʵʾɣĴʵһ֣ضҪ½쵼ߣʱضҪһʾġ
֮ǰһֱѹǣõʾ󡣡
ʾϸһĨЦֻҪǸǾͽפѺۿռʵȫߣħҿʱô죡
ԣ޼˫һ
˸ҶˣֻҪйǵľٶ֪ͨפռѺ۵˻ɱ콣ڵˣһҪħֻҪħһ½˵עħϣǾûעǡ
⣬ʱ׼ɽ
ɽ޼ɫ䡰ɽǵĸԺô죿ﻹд󣬾ɱҪǵĴҲס
ˡҡҡͷŷ޼ɵǵõϢڻѾһԴﵽżʥʵϣʵʵҲ˵Ҳ֪ʵҲﵽʥʵҲǾżʥ
֮⣬Ĵÿһʵĳʵ֮⣬֮лһЩսʣµϼһһֱóԿޣж٣û֪¾ʶ֪
Щϲʵɲ⣬ǵħսֵܶܡ˶ħУǶħĺԲǿġ
һǷħǿ϶ǣŭǣһ˾żʥǵĻɽ󻹿Եֵסͬʱ֣ǵĻɽ;Եֵס
һƣЩϲģмĵ̣ҲضڣȻˣֺλҪ
ʱ뿪ɽһ㣬½ôǸҵǣʱͿڰȥħȴٳʱ˭ǵĶ֣
˵¶һĨЦ⡣
Ƽ˫һܵȥţЩ쵰ǣҵҪ˭˭
תǼȥ˵ĻڴѾȫúãܻ˿ǼŨʱȫѡ
ѡ˲ٸֽ
˼죬ԭΪڵͻɱƵǣΤ־Ȼ˵ڿܲˡ
ΪĴĴµֵħӢ¼Ѿԭӵĸ
ӵһǵԻ˺ɱķڡ
ҷε̬ŵúܵͣ˵֮ǰ֪ҾǵңԲŻỳħ年һڵǵԭ˵˳֪ԭֻһᡣ
Ϊˣ˵Ǹ
ͬʱǻ˵ħִϣǵ쵼½ߣֵħ塣
ϢƲѣԭεĽԼڵĵλôҼʶһ´ڷڲһмƻ˿ա
Ҵе¡ƣɱ˽
ףʲô£쿴һ࣬Цڷڲɫôô࣬ѵʲôˣ
û¡ɵ˵Ǽ顣
飿ɫһ˵Ӧڰɣ
ɵͷȻڵĳɾͣһڸУǱϾǵҵҵСҲϴƴģҵԺʲôȥ档
˵òô˵ҲǵҵǲҪҲܱȺ쵰ڷڲýˣҽҲȥһˡ
Ȼͬ⣬ߡһ˷ܵص
üͷһ壬ͷã֪Ǽ嶼˭Ҫȥ
ѾˣǵʵմﵽʣҲûʲôãΪ׸ԣһȥСɵڵҶ֪


250 
Уһȥ˵һ
û뵽ǣ¸һ˵Ȼûж˵ʲôҪһ˵˶
ţҲյϢȫ˹ҪһȥԻô뿪ĵء
˵ϱʾ֧֣ܻҲʾ֧֡
󣬻Ҳ˵ص½ˣû½תתҲҪһ𣬷ڷڲˣҲû¡
Ȼ󣬊櫡Ҳ˹ҪһȥԭɺҲȥģҪ̻⣬ʱû취뿪
һԭֻ츸ˣһӾͱʮˡ
΢װһ£˱ĵ뿪˻ˣ򣬶һУûκεע⡣
ɲûżĻ˵Ƕô꣬Ҳȼ죬ԣһ·ɽˮ
װһǮ˼ҵĹӣүǹܼңӣȫ˻ŮȻŮˡ
ԴˣȻʲôû˵ѩȴǱԹһ󣬳۰Ůˣû취˼죬һͳŮˡ
ȻһлһˣǾСȻһСŮ첻ĻУŮĻС
Ϊ֮壬ܹСĵϸ֪ڵСʵȫԻΪһŮһߡ
ԣСΪʲôװС
СĻشȴޱȵƣС˵ұˣͲˣҲ˼׸ˣСã׸ףҪҪңһò˼
½ǾռԴҲȾռΪԣһ¥֮УϿŴ⣬̲ס̾
ǰǾռ˵ҩ֮⣬κһ޷½ȡҲ̾Ǿռķǻεģķƽⷢչģķ١
ռ俴ǿ󡢷٣ʵԴ൱ȱ似繦о졢ʯҲûС
Ҫ֪ռǵЩȱħ֮зȥһռ䣬ħŨأͲʯɵֻħʯ
ħʯдħȻ޷ʹãԣռҩǳķ٣Ϊû֮£ͱҪõҩ
ȻҲռĵйأħ岻ħ֮вǾͲҩ½һȻҩΪĲͬܶ½ûеҩ
˺һħ¿Է֮⣬ҩħûãҲûȥǣ͸ռҩṩ
ҪеҩУҩȻҲԴȵߵʵù࣬߸ԺĳɳӰ졣
ʯȻҩһһһȼΪѭ򽥽κεĲӰ죬ԿԳʹá
۹ҩǹʯ˵Ƭ棬Ψ໥κεĲӰ졣
ԣ˵ռķǻεġ
λǰҲ̾ϢռǼǰĴзչ죬ҲǳˡЦһжΪȱٴУ˽졢󷨵ȴռ䣬Ҳܿ챻ġ
ϧڶ֪ܻܲȥҡҡͷ
಻ʮ꣬һٻؾռġЦħľٶ¾㱸ֻڿռѺ۵ߡ
ԣڶþʵħʵ㣬סǣʱֻ·һȻûлؾռĻᡣ
⵹ʵϵͷ
˵ͻȻҴҵ¥
ô˸ף켱ʵ㲻˵Χתתôô˻ţ
ҿһۣ괫켸˵ҸղǱ߽ϿӰЩϤ˭ĸȥ˿
˵Ǽ巢һܴȪм֮ǰ˷ܵ˵ֻҪǴȪ֮гͿԱˡ
˵ıȻͶһе۹ѧԺ
һȫǾǼЩһֱʤûôеˣ
ȥ֪˭ˣվһѽϣ¥
ɵĴ£˺ܿҵˣʮ꣬ﵽ˿֮󣬾Ȼȫʶǡ
ھȥ׽סȫҪȥ
šסȫЦǷ͸ǿĸȻҪǱ𡣡


251 
ôһȺ˸󣬺ױ¶ɵĵص
ȥǰɡ
鷳ϡͷȻӣʵѾٶ꣬һ㶼Ϊ
Сһ׮һЦӰһȥ
ڽй䣬Լʱˡ
ȥһ¥˻֮ŷȥˡǵĳƺȫ⡣
⣿üͷһ壬ѵˣ
пܡҵ뿪Ȼк̶ܴΪԼԼңԼûˣԼ϶ŵȻҪЩζƵϡ
ҪǱҲ˵ùȥҳ֮⣬ͬʱǵˣˡ
߰ɡһͷųɱȥ
Ϊ˱ݾߣסˣںߡ
һ·ϣҵֻ㼯˺üȴһֱûͣ£ҲûٽĳǳأһֱΪΣյȥ
򣬹˼飬ĵطһشĸ߼ޣεҲ
˵Ǵﵽ˴˵ʮʵ٣Ϊԭ½򣬺෢չ󲿷ݵطռ
໹Ĵɱޣʹ޶֮ǣΪľסأǳĽء
˵ͨߣʥȥ
ҵļӵԽԽж¼ѵҪȥ򣿡
һ뵽ǸطĴ˵ȫ˾ͲɵüͷҲЩ
صģѪѵѪͶԸѹãһֻҪϵϢһ޾Ͳҹ찲ο˵Щ߼ޣǵǻ۲ͣȫǺ̸
ĳӣǸ̸ġЩĵص
ҰǰҲ򣬾汻ݺ뿪򣬵ǻǴ˴鼮ϿĽ⣬˶ĸֲ޲ʵǿֻҪͻ᲻ݡ
ڣǻ̸ġЦԣһ㶣漴˼
ϱΪʵԴﵽʥΪĴڣΪѪѹƣҲоżʥʵҲԲĶ֡
һǿΪ磬ֻҪ㹻Ͳǲ̸С
˼ǰУܿǰһСɽȣɽ֮һɽǼȫɽȡ
ܹܵɽ֮лŲϢʵǺǿǿҲһ۶ѣ⣬һекŨӦþ˵Ȫ
ԣһڽΧĶһЩ弶ޣЩǿ޲ûпƵ̫ϸ񣬲ʱҲ
λãҲ൱ĻشҲЩǿ޵ע⡣
Ȼλʵɴʥĸ֣˫ȭѵ֣޿ʤܲʽԵУǵȻõġ
ߡһͺȣƻɽȳ˹ȥϵʾ£ٶɽȳ˹ȥ
ǽɽʱѾȫסһҰ׵ĵڵϡ
ȪûȥƼˣһ۱㿴ɽͷһȪۣȪ֮УȪһ㣬ûһʵˮ
ֻˮɢޱȾ𶥼ʯҪ
ޱ𾪵ǣȪԱߣһСأȻСز󣬳ҲңȴװһصȪ
ȪŨһ̶ȣγɵҺ״ʯһֻǹװʯΪڵγɣٻһЩʣǶʯҲʣʱҪٵʱЩʡ
ȪȴûʣȫγɵȪˮ
ȻȱȲ飬Ҳǲɶõĵر
οﻹôһء
ºˣЩȪǵʵܴһأԺҲΪʵͷһؿˡ
Ҳǳļ죬Ȼĵӣڻ˽ֵúܸߣȴûһȨΪһݣȴûȵʵ
ԣһ㣬ŲϧûϢһ֤Լһˣָ˲ҲͨԼ
ϾóֵģҲֻˣʵȻҲǰڣȫ֮£Զභ
֮Уʵǿ˿ɲ٣ҲΨ󷨲õóֵġ


252 
һǰȪȫҲѣҲһΣһݡȴûƥʵ
ʹƽʱüβˡ
Щôָ汻סˣʵ
֮ô쿴ߵˣ۶һֱڵ۹ѧԺҺԼҾѱˣˣҵʶҲۺˡ
ȷʵҵᾫӢȵͷǰҲǵ۹ѧԺѧҶӡ󡣡
Сǣ˵䡣ű櫱ڻеС˵
ѽСһЦһǿ겨ϱҵļȫС
һ̣ϸֿ־֮ɫ˫ۿʼã󳹵׵Ĵסˡ
ңҵأСһͬʱ˶ˡ
˵ҴʤӳԭǴģ뵽֮ʤʵ̫ǿеǰæûҵĲ֮
ǣð
ʤĴ壬ɵʲôǣһЩǿĵŻڣҲֻм۶ѡ
ǵΪãһ򣬾ͱŻϣھβҴս֮󣬼֮еиֶˣֻʣʡ
ʵûа취˵̫ˣֲһȥ˵ֻԵʵǾܵ
ֻǲ֪ʲôʺˣǿɽȲطڸɽʱסûжԶǱеﴫŨ
˳ķȥڵȪ
˴һȪǶˣǱ˳ȥЩɢڸǵӵܶҪ֪֮ԽЩӵܷɢʲôΣգܸһѪ
ż죬ԭʵǿİʱͻƵһۡ
ò˵ǵ̫ãȪļ˽һ㣬ȥ֪ͨӵܣǸͷֲˡ
֪Ҫ֪ģҲˣǳ׵ˣ쿪ڣͻ㽫ᵽˡ
ӣȪܸܲңЦƾƷҩϴҵ飬̫ʧһֱûãȪҲԴġ
ȪǴҷֵģзݡһЦģϽóװôһأҲܳԶʳܵøֵܴЩȥ
úáȪ٣ҲϵóСĵȪ֮װ
ϲûж󣬻Ǹװԭװŵҩóҩ
ȻүүǲҪæµ֮ʱСӵͻȻ
Ťͷһÿڼ񱻻ĵҩ
ܵǻĿ⣬ɵһӱͨ죬޲Ҹطȥˡ
ҡЩҩôʵ̫ϧˡð죬βѵ˵
ɳΪ֮ʱȻǼǰûʱһöƷҩòǿŴϷѾ˾ŵõһʯ
˿ӣȻĴ·ˣҩʯȱȻûǵĿӣƽʱöܽڼ
ɴʱǶЩҩƷΪģвٶƷЩҩȪ
ֻǶҩʦһƷҩʦһƷ۷壬ЩȪǱԳƷҩʦ
ƷҩʦȣһЩƷĵҩ˵ʵڲۣԲŶǡ
ʦǶЩƷҩȥԸͺüأų˲ע⣬Ƥ
ԭΪ˲ע⣬ȻҲȷʵûע⣬ΪҶæװȪأСѾͷȴȪû̫ĸо˫۾Ĵ飬ͽɵΪУһ˳
ҲеΣΪڶЩʱûǷҪɳôһ
˶ԼͬĿһۣǡ
ЩҩȷʵЩϧЦЦߵߣֽϵĵҩȫ
εؿ죬ЦҡҡͷûйɸˣΪɵ뷨
ӵ˶ʲôǳϧ
ӡҲεؿ졣
ͬҡҡͷûдʲô˵ȪҩƳ߼ĵҩЩĵҩȻ㲻ʲô


253 ꣨һ
ˣڴҶҲװȪǾΧŴȪɡ쿴ϵ鷳ϽڻٵԱǰĵ
ҾͲˣɡϵڶڸţ֤˴ŵǡ
ϲƳ٣Ȫô࣬ҲòꡣЦһǣʥǻҪãҪ֪弴ˣǵʵǷǳǿģûһʵʱȨûˡ
£ϵá
ź¡һڱһ漴˶Χԣ߶
ʱţת۰ȥǳ׵ʧ˵У޿ײķ¥Ҳ鲻ǵ䡣
Ϊˣ˵˶ļ١
Ҫ֪Ϻͻạ̊́Ͷȫ˵ĺģȻǿ
ȴϵ˵ãǻ˲ȱĴڡ
ûûĵӺͼνĻȥʲôأ
Ϊˣܻ˶òУҲΪ˵ʧʧ˻һ㣬֮ǰĸɾ
ܻżǣڻ˵ǣȨߣߵλߣÿһʵܻ൱
ǵ󣬲ûʾǷӻˣҪ̸һ̸춼Ѿʧ٣ȥˡ
֮⣬ĸҲˣǵ˲ֻ࣬٣йʥʮˣȫ֡
Ҹĳ֮ǰĺ⣬һλûкô˵ʵ£Ūüɹȴûܹѹ
ܻͷ۲ѡ
ֱʱǲų׵ϵ֮еҪԣǰǿ˶ô˵Ҳûнǿ̫أ˱Ҫأ˵ĴҲֻǳԵ£ڼ˵Ƕûôӡ
ʱˣǵУ޷Ǿһ裬һǽƣֲʲôĿܶѡ
ǲף˵жôأûǣ˶пܾʹ˱
Ȼ֮ǰҲûǽģ콻ĵģҲֻжԴɵˡ
ʧ٣żĳܻ֮⣬ڵķ޼ҲżڵҲܼš
ϴΣѺۿռʧ٣֣֮ʵǣ֣һǼɵѡ
ʧ٣Ѿʧ˰꣬ǵܵĸ֪ĵطȥˣ˵ִһȺ֡
ڵĻѾǼɵѣļ֮󣬻ѾΪ½һŪһȺ֣½Ҫͳˡ
ΪˣѾ֮ҲûȥˣѾǲԷʵҲգȻҶеʵвǡ
ڶвҵŪĻˣĵӡ
ϧĴôңҲ˵䡣
Ȼˣ֮УҲڴѰˣΪĵӣ»ûгɳҲضᱻעġ
Ͼп½ĸĸַı䣬飬ûһŵģվ˶ӣΪ٣վ˶ӣ
½ϳĵӴʧ֮󣬻һ¡
Χ紦һɽȣʱͻʱ󣬸տʼҶΪֻͻˡ
һÿ춼ͻƣͻʱԽԽǿʱоԾˡ
Ϊˣǰ鿴ǻδߵɽȣһɿֲѹήٵϣ𼶸֣Ҳá
ѹһ˲ʧֻҪȥͲ˿˺ҼǰҪôǹɿֲѹѹȳɰ׳ա
Ҫôɽɳһãɱ
ʼֻЩͨǰȥ鿴ڵõر󣬸ɳĸ֣ʥ
ϧɽѹ̫󣬾һЩʥߵɽƷҲټǰΪǹѹõǶļɲѡ
ֵز˶֪ɽһֵ֣ȼĸ֣ЩҲܼɵģҪŵлȥԱλǿߡ
ȴ򳹵״ǰΪˣΧЩ޵ùЩ˲ҽɽȣȴɱ


254 ꣨
޲ģɱ¾ĸ߼ǵסˣָɱ˳
˺üγͻ˫ʤĸסˣ⣬뿪Ҳ˻
ΪҶ֪ڲǳͻ֮ʱħʱпɱ໹ޣ½һӣһħɱùսԼ
ȻˣһеףɽǸǿߣȴûǡ
ʱʮͷۼɽ֮⣬нĸϼһȫС
Աߣм׳˶Ĵ󺺣϶ɢſ񱩵ѪϢǶԴǳĿп֪Ǳ
˵ɽ֮еһεȵǿߣѹֱַѹҪǿ󡣡ɻؿɽȣϾǵ֮ɫ
ڻͻȻðһϣѾ˸֮ǰƽ⣬ðһĸ֣½ֲҪˡ
ϾԼţֻҪȥͲ⣬˭֪һʲôԣ
Ǳߵİɣһ߿һ۶ļĵصû˵ĸ֡
ɣ˶ɫһ䣬ʶĿһ۶ļǿĸ֣ǿɾ鷳ˡ
ҿӦòһĸ֡һ뷢׵ͷһۼǿǵı飬һȫɻãȻҲ֪˭
ģĸϲĶչأŪôĶһƢŭ˼ͻҲһΣＸˣѲͻʥ
ͻʥɫһ䣬æҡͷӵͰ˴ʧ󣬱˵ͻʥǰʥû˴ﵽ
ɲͻʥּ˭ͻ˼²ͣġһͷ廰
ݹżأǵ˴ͻʥﵽ߼ʱҲֹһʧˣĿһ²ͣġҡͷ
˵ͷ˼£ҲͬˣϾĸǴǸģЩ顣
ҲǣҲǣѲɽﻹмˣϵͻư֮ǰ˵ͻʥͷٴαĵ
˵ȻǱˡ
ô죿пһۣҪǽȥĸˣ
ԣȫУЦðǾִǰʺһ
ԣѪ
ڸûŪڸʲôôȥҪǴɢĿֲϣһԼ
һŭҲٷϻߵԱһʯͷ֮ˡ
˶һۣҲһط
ȻʱǲҴɽȲ鿴浽Ǻη֣ȴȣܲλ˾һֱ
ڽʶ˸ˣǲʱõȵġ
һߣλ˰죬ҲûҲѧߣ˸ط£
ЩУԷ壬ǵȻӭȥӴ˾Ϳѹһأ㲻壬࣬Ҳȥ㡣
һ仰ΣҪλˡ
תȥе󳹵׵ʧˣõڹ˶˷ܲѣǻûҴȥǹվڹȿڣĸֳ
ȪԣȫֹͣʱǣȫɢһǿϢ죬ǹϵƣ˿ͷĤݵĳ嶯
ֻǴʱ϶ûһ˷֮ɫȫ˱ˣˣĬĬؿǰһӰ
һֹͣٸӰӣʱٸһؿˣĸ׿Լһ㣬ǲرˣұ͸ȥҵһĨлУΪĨлֻ꣬Ҫָܻ꣬
ȴ̫͹ħʵȻĳѣҵȷʵָ˲٣ͬʱҲҪ˴֮ʱ
ҽ첻Ҳܻ꣬ҲȲңصĹҲؼһԱѣǲܸıعġ
ҵĲл꣬ؼķҺܸ֣ʵе鶼ӭж⡣
ħ嵱һսиȫսħҲ£ڵħǰʮ֮һûлָȻҲûлָʮ֮һʵ
ֻҪĴѣ½ʵֵħӦû⡣˵ţٸ죬ӦңһҪס½ɲ䵽ħϡ


255 ֮
ǰģֻҪҲ;Բ½ħС˫ۺı֤
лٸͷֿ櫣СҪס˾ҪҪУжȻˣͲҪ
δ˵꣬Ůһһըعؼ䡣
ǰ˶˫ͨ죬ᣬеı֮޷Ա
ôû뵽ջôһ
ԭΪһҺ۷Ͳˡ
ϾͻƵʥɲҪؼϧɲģ½Ͼȫʥˡ
û뵽ǣ˶ﵽ۷壬Ҳ޷֮ʱԾռõǸͻȻ֮з
һٸзɳߴңȻǵһ֮壬ҲǵΪΨһһ֮壬ֻǺΪһЩԭħϮҪɢ֮ʱطǿнһӡ֮УϣԽָ
ڸˊһЩ֮֮󣬱˵һطԽ򵽵طǸܣԺܿٶʵ
ʱ˸֪ʹõطȼԼΪطͣ£Ҳɢ
ԣ˵֮󣬶˷ܡ
طһʹ͸оԾˣΪҶоԽԽ
ʱҲʵĸ˴ңͬʱߴңطһʹã㲻ͣ£һͣ£Ҳͻɢ
еֵͺúõЩ
˺˵ʵǣһ֮Ҳʧˡ
ֱʱ֪ܹʵܹӡԾһжΪ֮ԭ
ʱҲ֪˵һ֮Ĺϵ
½˻ëѪᷢչǳĵ£ûԼ֣£Ǻ˽
ʱ½ǸȢԼŮ鶼
֮󣬾̫ҵʱűħΣա
һʱƣ׼ˡ
̻˴ͳһָ֣߼Ĺս󷨣ʱ䣬ʵǣֵסħĽз֮ơ
Ϊˣ֮еܸߣо˵κλ˷ԣһ˷ԣͻᱻ˴
ʵǿˣ֮ȴûгɳȢŮĸӷϵȻڡ
ۿѾԱ֮㿪ʼ̴֮
ǿ֮£һʿѸٳɳ̵ĸǣ½ڶ̶̵ļʱ䣬ͱǸ֮䣬涼
Դ˽⡣
һ֮ʱˡ
ʱ֮֮ǰһȻѾʮ꣬ǻҲ꣬ȫһСŮȊ櫿
ٻаĸùá
ɵһ֮ȴǱ˸ˡ
ʱڻɽҰ룬ɽޣӴ˾飬
տʼΪһСͦɰģ㽫˻ȥ
ɴȥ֮ŷʣΪŪ֮壬о£㽫֮Ūס
ļڣ֮ԿµٶȳɳΪ֮𾪲ѣǿ֮һߵƿʱչԼŮֵֶܳΰ
֣֮Ҳ˵
ŵһ֮ĳɳҲԽԽߣڵ֪ܳɳΪԼѪΪ֮Ϊ
˵Ůֻȴûиһ˵ȫЩΪĸףΪˣͽ츸
һжչúܺã˭û뵽һ֮Ȼ֪మˡ
ʵǾһҲûʲô
ȴƫԸһ
һ𴫲׵ǵȺʿȴվ˳ָΥԼ֮˵Ǽߡ
Ϊһ֮Ϊ츸˾ǸŮĹϵһ̵ֱ֮˵ȴԼŮమˡ
ⲻڴԼô
ȺʿĹ⴫֮£½ϵ඼֪£еܵĴѸ½һЩǼߡ
£֮İ飬ԥˣԸԼò׽ôˡ
֮ҲеĹ˼ɣȻ뿪񼸺ұ˴½סĵطûҵһ֮塣
ֱͻȻõ֮Ϣͬʱ֪ħһȺҪȥɱ֮塣


256 
Ű˴ǰȥԮǻһߵʱ֮Ѿ䣬˺ôľǿ֮һƲл꣬ӡ֮Уϣܹ֮֮»ָ
Ϊ˸֮屨Ľħ壬ħ峹׸ϻħŴɱħ壬ɱħѪɺӣʬɽ
ħ񶼱ɱˣǽħĸնɱ
ȻʹŰ˴뿪뿪֮ء
ĳߵλ棬һӽһƵ˫۲˳û뵽յĽȻҪǵûЩ˼ɣҪǵټһЩҪҲôر˶ҵĿһˡ
һжˣٺҲˡ
˵֮ʣȫһĻںޡ
վԭΪһ֮Ĭһ̧ͷ˵ҶҪѹˣǰԼѡֻҪסĻЩħ½Ƕõı𡣡
߰ɣʧôãشҶˡ찵Ĩһᣬߵǰıסˣǰ˵öԣȻаͲӦòţǰûĸ飬Ͻ㵱ɵǸСŮ
ԲԺ󲻻ˡ
û˵鴤
ѩˣرסСȴĽ
ˣ߰ɣ滹в˵ǡͻȻſĨһᣬͷȥ
߰ɡһͷѩбСȥ
¡յɽһʯм׷ɣһ˽
߳ɽŤͷһɽȣ뿪󣬿϶̽ɽʱȪ۱ضᱻҵƻĿԺܴӦþôˡ
šȫͷսϿӿ
⡭һȣǰսϷɽȫա
߰ɡһתɽȥȥ
ڹȿڵѾڸղʧʱȫվһڴؿ˳
ǵǿʱһ˾˹һ㣬Ŀɿڴ
ôû뵽ȻһˣʮˣҸɢϢǣҪǣǴ󲿷ݶҪ
ôܣôǣɫҰףȫתܡ
ƵĻˣһΪ׵ڣͲĲ
ΪĴͷȻΪԭûжԻ˳֣ͼĶǿһֱעš
ΪˣǵȻҲ˵Ļ
һǣǸܵǶļµϢвµġ
˸תܣɶĶȫһͺȣΪһֲϢŵҲҶֺ
ܣ
Ӱһȫѵбֳȭһȭ˹ȥ
д󾪣һתҲһȭŶȫȥ
䡭
ȭȭԣоһ߷ɵʯӣɳȥ
ȫȴ˿һ̣Ѿ׷˹ȥ
Ϯצ
зӦܿ죬ۼȫٴγһצ򶫷ȫץ˳ȥ
߾նãһȫгһãһߵĽã
䡭һãױƳ˷еצӰգۼȫ˷еǰ
ܵߵãǿֲϢиεѣȴκεĵֵ֮
ۡߵãһжʱ޶Ŀɿڴ֮ʣһ紵еɢʧ١
⡭һĻ϶һĨȻ嶼Ĳһ¡
ǿʥʵǲ࣬ڶȫУȻжûֹҲֲ̫ˡ
ѵĿֲ֮˶뵽⣬Ҫ֪ڶȫʵҲʥĿֲ֮һʥǲɵĸɵһʥġ
ڵķѾȫߵ˵һ䣬漴Ŀɨ׵ˡ
ĿһɨȫһڵأԱߵЩͷˣȫϽԱվվ
ĴĶԹǿɶ֪ĴҪˣڴ˵ʵ˭˭
ӡۼӲȥ˶һۣҧӲͷƤߵǰ
ҵ鱨ûдǾǺҵĺŵĽڵˡ쿴ˣЦ


257 
ӵ鱨ȷʵûдǡһӣʵǵҡ
ңеʵ뷨ôЦǴʱп´еùɡ
⡭ɫѿ֪νӻ
ӣ֪룬ļĴŲٵĶԹҲҧǰһ˹֣ǱϾǰΪ꣬ǿûɱһĴ֮ˡ
ûҵȫ
ȷʵҲϣͬʱֵڼǰѾ¶ݣǾͲ˵ڣҹǣҪ˻ˣǶûͬ⡣
ΪǶоħĶԽԽ󣬲֪ʲôʱͻٽʱӦýоȫڶԿħ֮ϣڶʵ
˵ʵڶҸ¶ʱַڣҪ˶壬׾ٵ飬ûжˡ
üû˵ʲôΪ˵ʵȫԴҲ޻˵
׳˳ⱾһǿΪ磬ǳǵΪԼķչѹĴ壬ǲò
ҲľڼǷʱǸţΪ˸õ棬ǴѹǣҲΪܹøá
ʵǿˣҪǱ޻˵Ҹղ˵һⱾһǿΪ磬ħʱпܽࡣ
ʵȴԶŵʮ֮һǴʱڶħȥֵҲףȻǵʵǿǲǵĶ֣ƴҲøһЩ۵ģеһʧȴħ塣
һüͷЩһĸҲȫüΪ˵ȷʵʵ
ӦôأЦſס
ֻһԸϣӸһᣬħɱʱǳ嵽ֵǶǰ棬һӦõΡ˵Ŀתؿ졣
˵ô࣬޷ǾǷڡЦþƾһ仰ҷŹڣô
ԸǸ⳥
ԣԸĴǸ⳥ǡҲ˵ʵôˣǲʣԸڱ½ĴսС
꣬ǵҲǱ½һӣֻȱû·
ԱߵЩͷһۣһվӣҿͦĵģ͸һɡ
һͷкü顣
üͷһ£ǰЩæߣЦЩǸҿûãǵѹĿɲңԹгҲҵǡ
ӣĵӣֻҪӦĴضᷴԡüͷ
ĵӣɲ񡣡ЦĴʦ׷ߣǿҽһӣҲ֪֮ܵùɾˡ
ҵĶԹɲһ˵ģĳڶϵ˶Щ˶ǵ棬ɲһ仰ܻġ
ԣҲ˵Ŀ⿴˶ȫ
ǲңҲǻȥҼҳɡȫֻҪ˵½ǣ飬Ҳټƽϣ
ȫЦõú˶һ
ǵʵǿչͲ󣬾ԻЩϰϼһô򽻵ɶȫˣҲ˵ʲô
Ȼˣھͻȥ׼һ£ǰˡ칰˹֣תȥ
ˣȻҲ˲ٵΣļϼһȫڵʺãԼԼԼ
ԼϵȻҲᣬڵʵȫȥΪĴѪ֮ò˶ñħ塣
ʱ˱Ϊ½쵼ߣֻʵħһƴ
ԣǲĹϵ
ǿϵԱߵҲˣҲϽǰȻǶ˵ݺЩɵϾǶࡣ
ͬʱû̫ں֣֮ҪȻҲǿùݵ塣
ԣǶٻеڴڴܷǣҲǿ塣


258 һ
ĽãҲûнǵ壬УǼȻѾˣǻ۲࣬Ҳûʲôͬˡ
ɽеһɽƷǷڣϴηзԸ޼ó˵׼бɽ׵ϵ
ȻǱģʵϣڽǿɽ󣬲ټˣʱ̵עŻ˵ľٶֹͻȻϮ
㽫ǽ֪к£Ʒ嶥̫ϳһһ֮Уһһɫλķ޼ɣ
٣ʮˣһ⣬ȫʥĴڡ
ڱɣһʥͿȷŲɷھȻʮˣɼ֮
޼ɼλ̫ϳϡ޼λվλ̫ϳһЩ̫ϳϴ඼ϽĳϺǰÿһıݶȷ޼ɸߣȻ޼ǰǵñ㹻ľء
ض񡣡˿ص˵ͷһ˵ô̫ϴϻûлô
ҽλ̫ϳΪ¡޼ɽüͷȻӴϢ̫ϴŵǰǴɽ⣬ûʲô鷢ȴһֱŲõԤУҲ֪Ҫʲô¡
֪һ治õԤУһ뷢԰׵ü᲻ỤҪǶ֣
ֻǸовõԤУһ˵̫ϴϣֺǻҪǳ֡޼ɵɾݵõϢȻȺ׵ĵزһټ
ڻѳ֣Թ˲Ͼǡ
Ǿ̫ϴˣ˵Ȼɻ֮ɫ̫ϴڵǰһ½˭ܶǲҲܡ
ǰҶº󡣡޼ɵǲӦһЩ׼ⱻĳЩͻôֲ
ھȥ׼̫ϳϳ˼£ȫͷ
ŷ޼ɹһתȥ
ǵıӰ޼еĲԽǿңͺʲôΣյҪһ㣬ԽĽ
Ҫ֪޼һرĸоԤ֪һЩķʵͻʥطָо͸ӵǿˡ
ͻȻ֮䣬޼͵λվһĨȻ֮ɫһŴȥ
ͬʱЩ뿪ķ̫ϳҲ𣬻Ϊһ⣬
Ƭ֮󣬽ʮӰȻڷڵĴ֮⣬һ֮⣬׶ǳᣬȫڶʮꡣ
ɢϢޱȵǿǿϢ
֪ЩǰҷڡһԷƷ嶥ʮӰ£Ǹղڴ֮еķ޼ڵ̫ϳϡ
ǰǿɲҵЦֻΪծ
޼һڴ֮˵Ӱɫ䡰ǵʵôͻȻ֮ǿǲǲôôܣ
ʲôǾǸĵзڵ̫ϳ϶ʧɫⲻܰǵʵô֮ǿǶǿǻ˵ᡣ
û˵𾪣쿴Աߵ˵㲻һֽơ
ǡ
һɿֲϱõöķ޼ɵ˸ڰյ嶼ҡ
ãҪ󡣡һڵ̫ϳϴ󾪵죬мʯ
ȻĻδţĹѾϷ
䡭
ڻɽγɵһ㣬ϵҡգգۼ䣬һ顣
Żɽ飬ƷʱһҵҡѺ۾һߣɽѸӿ
ô£ôˡ
ôô¡
ãǿϮ
ɽˣߺǿ
ڵʮһף˶ֵؿǸڰɽˡ
֣ڡһͺȣһȣΪһ⣬ŷЩڴ֮е̫ϳϳ˹ȥ
ɽˣǿά꣬εļӳ֣ѾŵѪıϡ
ȴһ֮ˣѪˣԺھһ·ſŵŮˣ˭һ䡣
Ҹƴˡһ̫ϳѸٷӦ˫۾˹ȥ
ƾ㣿쿴ǳߣ¶һĨмɫһӶһ磬գ۱ͷͷ


259 𣨶
䡭
һͷҽжûüһ֮»ΪС
һʥڴ½ϺߵĴڣôɱˣ˱仯õ÷̫ϳԼ·һЩӶĿɿڴ
ƴˡ
һ̫ϳϷӦһŭ֮󣬳˳ϼһܴûг죬ǳʵɡ
ɽһͨˣ֮ǰʵҲǿ۶ѣαȪǿ֮ľ֮£ʵҲﵽʥҲһʥѣ硣
ķ̫ϳʵȴʥɣɽɡ
Ͼǲǿģʥ΢ڣڵЩΪ
ڵ̫ϳϿǴﵽʥϰϼһʥİ˹Ŀɿɱȵģοʵǿǡ
һϣȫпɱɡ
Ҳȷʵ⣬ղһɱһһ̫ϳϣ÷ڲٵĵӿⲻӰ쵽Щ̫ϳϵϣӰ쵽ڵӵʿ
ΪѾ֪⽫һսпǷڻʹ˶ȻԸôˣҲҪ˺
ԣɣֻҪܽɱʿܴ죬ǿǷǳϵ
һ߶ˣַ֮ɳһʥҲȥӰһ˹ȥ
ҲʥֲȻںһ㣬Ͼ֮ǰʵҪǿһЩҲԵʥġ
˲Σ֮С
ȣɴʱڵ̫ϳҲȫ˹ȻԷʵȷʵȲǣҲӵġ
Ǹ޷ǰȥԮ
ģ̫ҪˡȫŭɴʱʥţԷֻȴƴȻʵ٣һʱҲ¡
û˵һתóһӣΪ䵽ɺԣһãͼȻǵĽ¡
ȥɡǳ嵽ǰһȣͷȥ
ݡãգ˵ͷһ£ǽµãͼ롣
ҷڣҲҪʹһӣ㸸׺Ů˶ˣҿô졭߷Цɻδ˵꣬Ȼֹ
ΪǿӦñ궼ʣˣʱȻԣһ˶ûС
ôܣⲻܣѾҸɱˡ˶˼
ûˣڵ֮һת
໡
һبŵϢϱһ̣ѾΪһӭǡ

һΧʥֻнһ漴оԼһɽײһ㣬ȻըʶҲһɿ񱩵˲ʳɷ顣
áһΧʥһн㽫ʵԼͬɱ´󾪣תˡ
˾ͱˡ
һһβɨ˹ȥʥۿϽԼǰ
䡭
βഥһ˲ѣһ̱鵽ʥϣһƬҶɳȥ
ȳûһɨݺݵĺʥϣʱ廯⣬ʶҲһ˲䱻顣
໡
ȫҲٳɣȫ߶ڵ֮ΪʵȫȻǡǸղŻܽǲסķ̫ϳǣһȫ·硣
Ϣ˱Ǹɱ
ܣǵʵôͻȻôǿˣܵġ޼ɿЩϱɱ̫ϳϣɵһ㣬
ԭΪƴһƴģϾߵʥҲ٣Ҳʮˣ㲻ǵĶ֣ҲԲ̫ܵҡ
ֻҪԼ·ЩæδؾͲһս
浱ǰϢڵ̫ϳϾһ룬Էëûʧ
ҷˣҲҪᡣ޼ɳ׵ķˣ·еӱڵɱϧһдۣάڵϡ
ɱʮףϵĵӶŰշ
ϧʥѹɲһܹܵģܶӸշ棬ܲסѹȥ
ֻһЩܹǿҲֻܷɵս֮⣬ҲܲסʥսбĿ


260 
ڣλ棬޼ԴһͲϧһд۽Ҳнյ֮޼ɳ˫ۣۣŤһħ죬޼ɾл
ɱ޼һȣΪһ⣬˹ȥ
һЦһӣŷ޼ɱȥ
ǣ޼ɾȻûжЦһһ㣬˹
ãҪԱԱߵĊ櫶㽿ȵ磬ˡ
ɫһ޼ɵԱúܿ죬գۼ䣬࣬ȫ£ǿ񱩵õ˶һļ¡
ˣ߻ɣ˸֮
ˡһͺȣеɣһѾסѸȥ
սӿٶȱǣɼˣҲֻ޼ɵͷһȻ죬ΪһƬ
䡭񱩵ѸȥȻ֪ʱˣѾ
ֻҪ뱬ը֮Զһ㣬ƻһ㡣
֡
ռеСһͺȣΪ϶ʱ֣һɫľ׽Ӵȫ
䡭
ݺݵĺϣһƬҶɳȥֻڰһƬ졣
޼ɺġһѪķ̫ϳϿԱķ޼ɣûбˣĳ
һ̣һɿϱǰĶȫ˹ȥ
ӡȫ岻͵ߣɫ͵һ䣬Ѹȥͬʱ˵СǵԱЩ쵰ˡ
ԣȷʵǷˣǱǸƷˡһڵ̫ϳϷЦҪģᣬҲ
ȷʵᣬħҲûһڵ̫ϳЦŰֵܳ˹ȥ
ˣȫˡԶ˶ٳɣҲܷЩ̫ϳϣתӡ
ڴԱУҲܹˡ
Һã˵ʵȷڵ̫ϳǿϲ٣ٶȻҲϲ٣ȫ֮£ߵٶȵԽԽ
ϧ˵Ա̫죬ûиܵĻᡣ
䡭
һľһɹɿʶ㼯һγɸΪֲĿ˲׷ˡ

һ޴ݺݵϣ˵ʵЩԱļһǿ´϶壬ȴܲס
ۡһڿѪ˾ߵķݵɳȥ
ʥԱֲ̫ڻʥԱ
һֱɳףŽסʱ˶ɫҰףǴѪ
û°ɣΪ͵ԶʱҲɫҰףϢ֮ǰ˲١
û¡˶ҡҡͷȷʵһЩˣ̫ء
û¾ͺáһ
Բ㡣ԣһھεĵ
ֲ˵ңھʲôЦǲһҪԱһܶù
˻˵ʲôȴҡҡͷһˡ
ԣһˡɺ˫ۣ˵ͷ
ˣŤͷڣʱڵķƷ嶼һ޴Ŀռڶûһˣɽ嶼ˡ
һĻҲ̲ס̾ϢЩһķˡ
ȻݡȫҲҧǲŻˣһëûǣǷƵҲˡ
֮ڣһǱ֮ڹ˵Ĵ𣬱ϾڵȲ֮ͬǰûһ˵鷳
˵˫ĶԹǶϼ˵飬ħѹԸһᡣ
ȴ֮ͬǰ˻ˣΪˣ˵ĳԱ˲٣ܲ𣬷ζԵЩȥĻ˳Աǻŵ˽
ǳעҪȫ½п϶вٵ˲Ը⣬Ϊ½ϴڵõ֮һǵĵɲġ
ڽˣҲɱȫ½֪ǵֶΣ˭ҪԣǾ͵ڵ³
Уڻ˵ĵ̫ԭǴ˷ڣڵղصıᵽˣֲ˸ԴĲ㡣
ȴ룬˸ʯ٣ڶΪϼһͬʱԱ׻ЩղȻҲŻˡ


261 ڣһ
ˣԺûĸҲԣû˾û˰ɡ˰֣ҶϢһ£Ȼֽռڶָҿɲһħûܳһʲôġ
˶̲סһЦ
ȻʵﵽʥͻһЩռ֮Щռָ֮ռѺۣҲ˵˵ָͻָġ
οĿռѺ۴ﵽ֮
æ죬Ž˴ĿռѺȫָ
죬ڱϢҲ籩һ㴫˴½ĸ䣬Ϣ̿ѡ
ڿǴ꣬Ǹʱģ̲񣬿ھȻˣһ˶ûܳ
Ʒ嶼ʧˣֱֲ̫
Ϊ˴½ϵļ֪ǵϢ֮⣬֪ԣҶǳֲð˿ֲһ
ڵĿĺڡ
˻ɵģϾڴѹĴô꣬Ĵͬǰû½ҲͲ˵ˣˣȻҪĴ屨
Ҳ˻ħɵģΪħı֪ˣǻɳеĸȥæظռѺۡ
Ҷҵز²ţ˭޷ȷ˭ɵĴ¡
󣬸ɳݷ˼Ŵ֪һЩĵµļ
Ϣ̫𾪣û뵽֮ǰ磬۸ӺһӾͱǿˣŰʱء
˵Ŀֲ֮࣬Ҳٵҵǵͷϡ
ΪҶ֪Ĵ֮ĶԹҵڣֻ˽𣬷Ĵ춼ûг
ռѺۣפ콣̫ϳϽڵõڱϢ֮࣬ҲڰңҺϴǴħûΪҪȻڷڵ³п콣ڵ³
콣ڲǧ޷мķȡ
̫ϳϡһӴղŴﴫϢ
δ˵꣬ɫһ䣬͵λվȥ
߿ӣһţգЦг˹
ˡŽ칰˹֡
ӰԽ϶칰ֵӣзפȫڽֵİ£ɱ
ϡһȻ֣;Բһ󻼣ԣƷʱ˵
һɱķڲӣǷǽħſ
лϵİ칰˹֡
ӿˣǷһ°Եһ̽׼ħԸӵĻˣֻԼ棬లΣļһͷˡЦӣǻȥ˵ɣվ棬ñ֪˵콣ڲ֪֮
áͷ˸Ž·콣ڵפء
Ȼȫһֱû˵Ϣȫɢǿѹýޱȵ𾪡
ѹܹǿʵ˵һڣȫһҲδְ
һԶ֮ˣ֮ǰǴħûΪѣǾͿԿ
ʱǻûĳɳҲֻϺͻõó֡
ڣԼʵȫﵽʥϣΪʵʥȣȻŹǵĻᡣ
˫һ㽫תħв½ƺҲ֪һ㣬ʾħ֣ŴҴħ塣
ħĵҲˣһж⣬ܹٴνħˣεΣ
һ仰Ѿǳȷıڽ޳쵼ҵֵħ壬ͬʱΪհ
仰һ뽣һŶȫٴ뿪
ɽڡ
ǰڿһеĶڣֱЩΪ׼ɼǿ
Ӱǰһ䣬һֱƹڵͻȻҷɣʹȫ屻𣬶ʧȥһֻǿ֮ڵʵ󽵣һеĶڽͨһ
֮İһֱڶϣĴΧĵ̣⵽ĴѹŪһһĵز


262 ڣ
ǰҹϵõţұǾһֱѹڣҪʮǰͻȻһʦڵڱ˶пܡ
ʱɽ£š
ʢû뵽ȻĵɷŹһڵܻˡһΪ׵һŭĶһһſŭ
ô£ֲܡʢЦ˵ңףֺõõȥ
˵ţ㿴ԵһЩˡ
һվڻԵŭˣһ˸ָʢȻײгԵĵɷȣ
ɷײôˣѵǾûɱˡʢѵǾûɱˣ˭ûɱˣվҾͳǺˣ
ԣɫ쳣ѿûɱ˵ģɱʲô
ð죬һݵվȷʵɱˣûɱ޹ɷš
ɱһɱɱ˻ɱҲװˡһվЦǰҲһЩСׯС壬ǾҪһһʲôζ
ͫһƾǣ
ƾȻܣһλȴܽʢһЦһ̣һ޴ͼ˽¡
ã󷨡
ôܣôﲼ´󡭡
ǿʱģѲǿδ֪ɡ
һ˶ʧɫʧܷɱȥϧ̫죬ǵ̫㣬ǽԼٶȷӵ죬ջ˴֮С
ףû뵽н찡ʢŵڴ֮вϵĻصΪ˽죬ҿıʮꡣ
˭˭ǡ׷ŭĴɸû˻ش
ף㰲ĵȥɣ˵ϱոһСŮģҲɱģһúõĽȻ̺ãڱҿ֮򵽷¥Ϊһǧѹӣ
ʢ̫ˡһĮȻڰһ̣һĹâԶһ֮С
䡭һеĻ׵ǰɫָֻԭӡ
׵һ֪˶ԷĴӰһѸٷɢԱٴαԷ˽ӡ
˭˭ҹʢѣΪ˽ǷѪۿҪɹˣȴ뱻˸ƻˡ
ӰԶ֮дѹõڳ˶ɫ䡣
˭ΪҪƻڵĺ¡ȻʢоͻȻֵļ˷ǳΣգȻ̲סʵ
ڣһЦʢȻ˼˵ڣ㲻ڵһǰ꿴û뵽ǲ˼ǾΪҵֻһ
ˣʢɫ䡰ôܣҵô˸֣ⲻܣԲܡ
ûʲôǲܵġЦſʢԵУЦ֪ɻǵң
㣬Ǹ߲ˣҲĴ˫ۣһص߲ʵҲ˵Ŀ죬ⲻܣܡ
һЦû˵һɿֲ֮ȴϱγһƬ籩˺ȥ
񡭡
籩⴦˵ԴжһȻը죬һ̣ǵʶ˲ʧվԭҲˡ
籩ҵ籩ⲻܣ籩Ϯʢļתܡ
ûܳ籩ϣȫһ˶סеɫҲѸʧ
Ҳûܵת㱻ڵ籩Уʶ
ǡԶ˻ף˶ԻؿʢˣǻûŪô¡
Ҫ֪ػһ£ֻмٵ֪ڣҲֻкĵ֪ЩȻ֪
һ紵Щһζĵ¡
ҵǶȻˡܵʧȥϢ˶ʧɫʶһ
λ֪һµͷߣҲǰһĻţǵʢʱĺӿˡ
ҵʲôʱ֮ǿˡ
Ҫ֪ղһ£ں͵ɷŵǧϵĸ־ôˡ


263 ڣ
Ȼ˵ǿ󣬵ҲԱԼһǵߣֻܶһˣȻǽԷɱԷöԷʵȫӳ
ǰһĻֲ̫ġ
ʢʵһһʥأôܾôˡ
ɻףһԼһϽ׼ǰ
Ȼͣ£һεؿŻףе̫ү
һ㶣ɻؿɣղŽʲô
̫үɽ͵ǰӣ㻹ǵǰô
ǰ⣿һ㶣ޱȼصǵãȻǵãܵɽ棬ԭӣû뵽ڻ𣿡
ʮǰˡ̾˵ҵӵܱһ·׷ɱȲѣֻӵһ·˲أû¼
ʤĸǣܵĴѹͱš˵˫۶һƬͨ졣
Щ̾Ϣһ¶һĨˣ漴ֵЩȥˣʵҶ͸ô¡
ȫΪҶӡɽǵ״µ˵£ûװ춼˵˷ڣ
ЦЦ֣׽ܵҶ졣
ĵӡѿڶϽ֣
Ȼһ񣬱ϾԼϽתһԣһֻΪ׵ı̫ߣ춼֪Լýʲôˣֻóƺһǰ
ĳƺҲûƽϣΪôһ˲ѡ
ǲıȣȴˣǱ϶¶һĨЦݡ
ΧһһԱЩߵ֮˹һĵȴû뵽־ץסһС۾΢ݵӣֱۡ
һٶɽŻԱȹٶȥ
ӣ벻ҪΪ׼æǰ³ϣΪ¹ٺ͡
¹ٺͣ쿴еӣЦ֮ǰڴ˲´ṩ鱨ɣ
ɫһ䣬ҡͷԭ˵ɱŲӣ޷˵
ϣղ֮󣬶Ųѣֻ磬ûһ㣬ϻŵЦݣ˵㣬˭
ԣһĨţһĻñ׵˿϶һĨŭ⡣
һĸߴ߸ŭղһ֣ǼΧڣֻ֪ˣôǰﲼ´󡣡
Ǹһʢʹ˳һеɷŵˣȻʢ˵׼ȥɽڴǡһҲǰʱҾ֣Ҳ̫ɺ˰ɣ֮ڼ飬һбܽˡ
û뵽Ȼɽѵ˵ɽ㣬ҪȻͱҵ˸ɱˡҲһŭؿӡ
ϱõɫ֪ĻҪ˵һڵϡ
һ˺üſףЦȻʶƣҲûʲôģǰ֪ͨڡ
ȴûбɽΪұڵˣǾңǲһϷѣû뵽ǾȻһɵ
Ȼһıļ塣һЦһӣһս㱻ǵս࣬鴤˼£ˡ
ҳڼ飬еɻҲ˲٣һֶԳԳʵܲˣŽ˻вͣٲȥǺܿܵõϢܡ
һ뵽£һٳɣ˵Ĵ£ڡ
ǰʱΪһеĶڣʥֿȻһǵĵͼʥҲǱһĴڡ
ɵһսҵʥսʥҲսʹһҲûʥҲֻЩͨһȡ
ɼҲ֪ϢȻҰıǣ뽫ΧռԴһܵΧִѹʵһ¶
һֱʮǰʢͻƵʥʱųһʦҪȻںпܱǸһҲס
ղţʢΪ׵ˣɵʵȥԴʱ˳ȥûöٵ
û뵽ǣԭֿǣһȻҵ˴˻ʢҲȫˣ˶ͷ˵ֵ
һЩ߳ʹĻӭ


264 
һѶ£ǲ֪ԭƿ֮󣬿ŵļ壬ȫɴ֡
Դ󲿷ݱã˹öǳĿ࣬Զ֮ǰʱô
ֱʱǲźڵʱҵĻҸˡ
ԣɵĻع飬ڲûзԣǵ˵Ǹ˵еӺһ˷ܲѣΪǵ
ڵڣȻ겻ϵģҪ֪ʧȥһϵ֮ĸֲʮˣûһʥʵһЩĶȲϡ
Ը⣬ڵųһ仰˵Ҫ齨һͿ£ʮʵҵҵ
Ҳûа취㽫ɵϣȻʵԶ죬ô˵Ҳһʥһĸס
ɱĽҵҲûƳ٣Դˣ쵹Ҳû˵ʲô
ڵڿνҵˣõóɶѣһЩ˵ĵҲݷãʵܲˣɽһ£뿪ڡ
תһȦ˻ص˻ˣɴʱĻȫգ˵˿˻ȥ񿴵һ㡣
ӣڻˣٲҾҪȥˡǰޱ緢ܻһˣˡ
ʲôˣüͷһ壬ʵ
ǲ֪Щ̫޷ˣǽдĽҶˣҵĵҩҲǸˡܻˣΧǳصĽҺ͸ֻᷢĶȫǸˡ
ĳǳŪüȮΪûнңܶ˶ֻܹţŵֻʳ򵽣ֻܴǧ֮ȥ˹
Щûоʹ˷ֵĴ㣬ǵļʽҪԶĴ㡭
ˣǱߴˡܻĻδ˵꣬Զ㴫һһϴѪǱܻܵǰϣЩ̻ܵȥˣ˵ҪЩĶ
޷졣˵꣬ӰһųŭʱĶȫɫÿ˭뵽һ顣
̻ᣬ˳̻ᣬռذ֣Ϊӵţܶ˶ϲ䣬쳣Ļ𱬡
ϧˣ϶ϲĶʼ̻֮һǧɡ
Һܻ죬ʱɳ˺˵˵̻ĺû⵽ϴ١
ϧϵĽҶˣûнңҲò
ѣɺֻŪһİ취Ҫ̻ĶûнһҲͿԶ
һ̻㲻̻Ŵ󼪡
ɺܿ죬˷̻ﰲȫûĶУ˶ĵشŽҵ̻ỻɹصƷ
ֻеҩĶ
һ̻㴢˴ĽңɺҲҽЩŪߣΪһ̻߳ᣬпܱЩ巢ߡ
̻ΪźĶЩ岻Ķ̻ᣬǿɾͲЩˡ
ɶʵΪ𣬱ɵȫǿߣǶ߰ˣǿǿĲһʥ󣬱޷ˡ
ԣɺðգһ̻ǳɽĽҲĿӣкüܽ͵Щҡ
ҺɺôЩҲûбǴ򵽡
Ҳ֪ǳڵĿûеֶ޷ѹƵ̰ģΪʵ̫ˣЩú޹˼ˡ
Ȼһ̻׵ƽҸˣҪ֪ҿòײŲصġ
˳̻ᣬû׵ĵطˣҲֻýҽס
̻ĹԱȻ̻˿͵Ķִֵܻע⡣
ֹûнǷУһ־ͽһ˴ˣЦ̫ˣֻū
仰Ƿڳˣŭ֮£Ҳǲ֣׷׳֣˫ʹ
ס֣ڸʲôϽס֡ɺ¥µĶʹ¥ϳɵԼ̻ʱ
ʱ̻ĻܶˣƷ󲿷Ҳˣ涼һӣҺõ̻ʱ󷨼ӹ̹ʱӿֲˡ


265 һһ
ɴʱȴ˲Щǳȥֹڴ˵󺺣ɢϢжϳ塣
ûʱȷʵڴˣ˫ڴܣΪ嶼ﵽʥʵȻǶûóȫڳȴǵ塣
һŮˣҲǰʩһһ֣鵽ɺϣõɺһƬҶȥ
ǸȻӵķ˸ˡŵɳɺпŵ˶ˣҲ̫˰ɡ
ɺصһ˲䣬һӰһɺסˡ
죬ˡɺͻȻеһϤϢһϤӳĿ֮С
һϲſڱ˵Ļδ˵꣬һѪ˳
ɺôˣ󼱣ϽóһöҩιɺͬʱԼսעɺ壬ԭˡ
ȻɺЩŬҲһʣҺøղֻеִ磬һ㣬ɺСûˡ
ɼڼ鵽ɺϵʱҲޱߵŭ
ŭĲֹ죬Ķȫ˿ɺѪҲŭ죬Ը˱һ̻ᡣ
ţҵĴ洫زϵĲ̻󷨼ӹ̣ҲҲһʹм
Χֵһ˾֪ˣתܡ
Ǹܳףʮ̻һЩмһ򶷼˵ս㱻ʳޣʹöȫҲ¶˳
ȻʱȫǶŭѣͬʱǵ˸࣬ʵҲȶԷǿö࣬ΪǳǸȫ֣ǳضˡ
ԣһʱ֮òˡ
һסɺƣһɿֲѹֹȥһȫȻӲ
ȫ˳ʱ֣һͽ˸ץססѺǰ
ˣô쵰˫ۣϾɱ
첢û˵ǿɱõ˶ĲѣҲܵϵǿɱ֪νִˡ
¶Էɱһ˭Ͻſǣҿɸ㣬ǿһĳԱҪ˺ǣԲŹġ
һ壿ЦҵҪôŹҡ
ֳצ쵽˵ͷϣһɿֲĴͷԼڵѪ֮ȫԴӿȥ
ڸʲôϽͣ£ıǳܲģҲܲ𡣡Ъ˹ţг˿־塣
ûأһѪɫϢͷϷ
ȫʹĴȺ
ס֡һŭԶ羪һ㴫ǿһۣһĨЦû֣ͣǿе
໡
ͻȻԭ޺һ̣忪ʼΪһ׳ȻϵĽѸٵή󳹵ʧڶ¡
ţ˫Ҳʼ
ʱ֪˲õĴڣ˫г˰ԭģɴʱѾ˵ˡ
ûϳȡǹص˫ʧ֮ϵҲʼʧϵ⣬ȻʼС࣬һϸСۼס
ʧһתֽ壬ٲһߵļһ
һɵľٶһȫһȻϣǰͷˣҰɣҴˣҰɡ
ɫĮûһΪİݣһ̧㰴ͷϣһ̣ϵ֣ͷһص
ס֡
Լͬ屻һߣŭɶԶӳһצץ졣
ɡԱߵĺ˴󾪣ϽֹһжˣһצӰȥ
ȫ˼ľٶŭǻûжԱߵĊ櫱㷢һߣצӰ˹ȥ˳ǻ۲
˲һУֻƯǰһӣһ޴гǰһ޵Ĵ죬һھͽצӰɵˡ
ǰʥټ壬ʵʥȣֱǿգû뵽СȻŪ˿ֲһ֣׵ر㽫Ĺˡ
ⲢΪ𾪵ģΪ𾪵ǣצӰʧƬ֮Ȼٴδ֮˳ĿȻ


266 һ𣨶
ԼӳצӰɱ˸ֲֻôæ֮ٴλӳһצӰ
䡭һȻ죬һ޴ĺڶԱը֣֮ǿ񱩵籩һ㣬Ӷѣ·ܵˣƬأһЩͨ˸Ǳǿ˲ɱ
ĩյһĻһʱ֮䣬õ˳Ƕ֮С
ʱµѾٴαһߣһоŵıԿûһǻֻۣǱӡˣܶ
ŤͷһؿŰеӰһ
ȫȫû˵ǵɫȴ쳣ѿϣɢǿɱ
ڰסӰǰ㼸ӰΧ棬֮⣬һĺҲΧ档
ܵϵɱ󾪣Ͻǰӣᣬһжᡣ
ʲôᣬҵ˶Ȼ˵ᣬ㻹ǲһӡ컹û˵һΧɱ⼸˺˵ıࡣ
˳羪һ϶ǿϢ·ǳط
ܺãܺáľٶŭЦǺøз磬Ȼ˵Ǳģ죬ҵҪ˭Ǳġ
ӣ벻ҪŭһжᡣٴγȰ˵
ĮĿһת쿴ǰһʱ䲻̣Ƕе֮
һ㶣ûУȻûе
Ȼûеʲô˼ɱ뻤ˣҲ֮ͬһƽأ
ˣ֮ΪĲỤ˵ƿشȨղŻ˵ǱģǲǸøһͣ
⡭ʵð첻֪ô˵ʵλص֮󣬽࿴Ĵ켰ʵ˵֮֮һЩ˵Ĺ۵ͷЩı䡣
ϾһʵΪ磬Ϊ½Ϊǿ壬ʵ£ôĳ
㲻˵ǲǿΪʵ̫޷ƽȶԴ˵ֻ䳼֮£Ц
ⱾһʵΪ磬ûʵƾʲôȡһɱҪɱǰǧ
໡
嶼ŭ쳤ХǿֲϢ㼯һ·඼ܲס˵¡
ǳˡŵĴЦ
໡嶼˷ܵ
ɫ䣬֪Ѿ㵽ʰĵطǿҲ˵ˣ̫٣Ľ𡢺ڡʯĴһҲֻǧࡣ
֮⣬Ѫ壬׳Ҳʮ
Ȼǵʵ̫٣ɳٶ̫ͿʥҲҪǧꡣ
½ޱȣȻǿ󣬵ƾǵܿƵסģҲΪʲôô꣬һֱֻԭ֮һ
ڣôһ㣬ܿŪսȲ˵ħʱ֣ĴԼҲʧصġ
ңĵӣʧ˰꣬ʵѾɽһʵδ֪ľռ䣬治ʺìܵġ
ۿ嶼ǳȥ󼱣ס֣ȫס֡
˳ɳеȻȫͣһЩĪؿźֿ߶Ƕ֪˭ˡ
ʲô˼˺һ壬ȻŶԷ˵㵽׻ǲ塣ŭźг˷ŭ
½Ǽ뻤˵ģ뻤˽ġŭ첻ΣҶڴ˳֡
ƾ㣿¶ɫһŤͷٴɱɱ˳ǣҪ֪ϲַ
໡ٴζˣһֻһ붯ˣһĸ֣ĸź֪ô졣
ʱҲû˰취Ĵɣÿһƹһ壬ԣΪȴҲ޷ıľ

ܺãǰǵĻȻ٣û뵽һ壬Ȼһĵӳ֣˼ҹȻûԤϴȻǽ췴ҾִʦĳŵɡһЦڷǰһبŵϢϱ


267 һ
໡һϵ﷢ֻ˫ֽӡѸһӡУȻ۵Ľ⡣
ԽԽǿ˶ۣնǽ֮£һƬɫ
һпλ֮һ㡣
ǽ֮£ҪѪ֮ˣ۶٣ڵѪҺȻ̣Ҳԭأá
ء
˶ޱȾֵķ֣ڵѪԽԽԽԽǿңʱпܱ
ֹǳʶԼ֮⣬ȫ¶ǵĿơ
˵ǲ𡯣Ǳ֤ͬʱҲǾǣˣҲ͸𣬿ȴš
壬ǶѾڣôҲ͸ʧ½ϡ
Įһĸ飬һĴԶ½ÿһ䡣
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ΪңƳǶԷܴһ壬Բ᳼
һǰˣǰȻ֮ǰʵ˶ףǴжҲЩͬ
ϾһǿΪ磬Ҳû˭Ը⳼Լʵߡ
ԣ˱ǰȥ̽һµ˼Ϊͬ˺أһҲʲô⡣
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ңʲô취ҲתҲû˿İ취
˵ʲôˣɣϣܹǡһʵûа취ֻòͶҽˡ
ԣһ֪ǵ󡣡һҲ
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Щֲ壬˳ǵ඼Ŵˣʧųȥ
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켸ϣڵ֮ȵǣ֮£ۼǵͷ


268 һģ
񡭡˶ЩͷǼ䣬ͻȻðһСİһһģͺʲôҪһ㡣
嶼ֹȴû˿İ취ʱǾǴ׵ĸĶ
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ѪһϵϢѸټţͷ˫˻ȥ֫˻ȥۼϵⶼʧ
ǰ󲻵ʮϢһ߹һͼĴߡ
˿һЩڵиǳη塣
첢ûͬǣһµĽӡ
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ٴѪЩͷһβк
ӣ顣ܻڱֶξ֮࣬ǷӦæ顣
飿ĮؿܻĿõܻȫһʵӣʱֵֻһ壬һȫںԼ£ǵĹء
ˣ콫Ŀ⿴ɺ
ǵģһ嶼ŹأҺȰ˵ɺʵԣЩ²ܺһ壬ȫһĹ
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ԣ֮ǰ޼ɵΪ׼첻ҽôһ壬ʲôܣ˺ܿͱ
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ЩѪȥ˫ǡ֫Ѹ˻ϵۼҲɫ
񱻳ĵڵϣ˫֮оǾ

нӡٴα仯һµķϷû仯ɵĴڡ
һУһӣ̻Ϊһ⣬ü룬ϵĽҲȵʧѸɢ
Ƭ̣һָֻԭһ
ҲȻһᣬȫָ˶
˻˻˻
д߶񱩵궯ղȻڵѪˣǲ塣
ǵʵڣȻҲûЩǿ󣬵ҲֻʧȥһЩֶζѣʱǱҪˡ
֪ڸġ¶һĨЦнӡһ֣д߶붼ʹͺҪǵ˺һ㡣
ԭһ뱣ǵǻۣڿ̫ʴˡһͺ˫ٴα仯һµķķ׼ûڴߵԴС
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д߶ʹĺУǳ˳ڲϵķܶķݶΪ
Ϣ֮дߵʼ
ӡЩĴߣʵЩģϾҶͬ壬飬ĻδڣĿ䵽ϡ


269 һ壩
ôǾⲻȥһһѣ
һݣû뵽ڵ֮ǰѾˣ˵ǿƣӹһٵĺһٱϡ
ϽǣӲҪᡣ
ǾͺáЦ룬ʱԳȫġ
һĨ־һˣףεĲʣǶЧˡ
ȻʵȻȲϵ񣬵ЧҲ
쿴ɺЦɺҸһڣԺ˭ٶ㲻
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˶ڴ˭ɺʱֻһ֣ɵĴѸС
Ѿҽ꣬ϵʵȻڣȫơָỮɺָͷһѪڴߵͷϡ
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Աߵĺ촦ЩɵߣкܲζȻʱǶ˴ߣǱϾ֮ǰ壬ǵͬ塣
ȻͿŹֱǡ
ȴ˿Ĳٴδŭ죬øӹһٵĺһһĺ·
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һ壬༸󳬼κһױȴƬ̣㱻˴ߣûе㷴֮ͱūˡ
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270 
ˣЩӶȥˣĸˡ˸սõϢǱ˳
ɫ㲵ĸףһۣȥǵֵĸף㲻صģⲻǺúõػô
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漴ĿȺ֮һɨ㸸أôûп㸸ף
ڵЦѾˣڵھһ̯ӣ᲻ھʹʧԾ
ȱǧѪģһֱŷڣȻĿˡǴЦɰȫҲһ
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һ󾪺ȥ붼룬ĸ߰ôȥЩ顣
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ûͱ˸ˣһϤҲĿС


271 ҵϸ
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ð죬ŷſɺһϷصǲǺܾϲ
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ţһֱôչȥֻҪиʮ꣬ҾܳΪ½һĴ塣
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ҳ˸֣Ҳû⣬ǷЧ죬ǹϵδˣЩڼ֮ޱϼһ˭
׼֮ʣԺֶһӰ˵ĳ֣ûͨ
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˵꣬쿴ԺӵΤ֣
Τûзϻȥ
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ЩȻһֱûб¶Ҳû֪ڵĹϵȫΪһֱûҵ壬ڵĿĺգǾõؼҵ壬Ȼһ֮
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ǡ
ڷ˴ԼʱΤ뿪
߽ʱܻȫһĵ˶վ񣺡ӡ


272 Ӧ
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ֻҪһ̨Ϳԣ̨ҪٵĶЩԼ׼
û⣬ʲôǱ֤׼áͬʱϲ
ô硣ϸһĨЦ֮ǰ˵ˣǱ뻤ˣһ׼ٶĶҲܰǾѵġ
ӷģʱѾˡһݵͷվصȻ첻ʶÿԿӦҵĳ
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һСݣ͵ǻ˵ķֲɣѪÿľ޴׼һξͲ׼ڶΣУµпѪ޷ѡ
һǻΪھסĵطԭ˵úѡ
µѪ޷ѣ˭Ը
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ǡĸͷȫ顣
ԭΪĸͷӦȥģɵ˺ðΣĸͷǵͷվһ
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˵ǵĶԹ޹أҪôȫԼҡ쵭Įص
ĸͷĥ컰е˼ʱٴεħн½Ĵ㣬ԣҸΪǻǺͽĺá
һݣĸͷ˼
ĸͷõų̈嵥֮󣬱Ҵ뿪ˣ˵ûʲôѪѸΪҪ
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Щɻ󣬲֪ʲô˼ղŻ˵һسĺô˵ҲЩԩأ
ںɻ֮ʣһ岻˵̽ʯˣ壬һ岻ٰɣʿ϶֮һ
֪˼;ԲȻ̽ǵķӦ


273 櫵
ɫ䣬æҡͷᣬĲģľٶȫԸһ壬ҲӰ죬岢ûйϵ
ȷʵˣȻף˵ģȴܳϵġ
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˴ÿ϶һﵽʥߣȫԴǱߵ顣
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Ҫ֪ЩǷǳһЩ½ټһ͵ܾܿҲҲˡ
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ǴĻе֪͵ĿԺܴʱ˲ѡ
ͷˣڵһЩĴˣЩ֮󣬴½һЩڴ˵Ĵˡ
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νѩ̿٣˶ࡣ
һˣԽҶˡ
ΪˣΪЩԷʱ䶼ûУҲᣬҪȻ϶ܹȥǿˡ
ʵҲټЩˣΪҲеˣ˼ˣǰҲˣΨˣȷʵЩ˵ȥ
Ҳ˵ʵͿˡ
һ췢ԼħħҪۡ
ɺȥţ˭ˡŭˣ춼ˣֱ̫ˡ
ɺһ죬ҲۣһжܵſڣҲվŵˣͽŸˡ
徻ˡˣһ
Ҫɺ㽫ŹϣټҲꡣѩһЦ
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ҵһ뵽ҪһľͷˣһͷۡУˣȥ˵и
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ãǾұչˡصͷ
˷һֶϢȥˣŮ˭û죬ԽԼķ䡣
췢֣ɺķصģŹȴûдϡ
ȻѾͷ˼˼һ£ķ䡣
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죬˿ɺȻ֮ǰΪϴ֮ʱ˽ϵͱˣף֮䣬һ㶫


274 櫵ջ
컹ûд֮תܴ쿴ĿпԷɵǸСŮ
ȴûô룬Ҳûоʱ֪ʲôѶöԸ
֮ǵĳɳףĸ鲢öԸ磬֮İ顣
֪ʧٺĺۣױɱһʹ
ӳ֮ȫ죬ܱжô㣬мһˡ
Ҫеİ˵Ը񣬻
Իδ֮תھ˵˳Ҳδؾȫܡ
櫺ìܣҲί˼Ҷ׷Ů˵ģɵǸȴ׷ܲ˵ģԷĿ⣬ڿһСŮ
ıԼĿȴ֪ôΪûⷽľ飬Ҳû˭̹
С׵ֻˣףù졣
磬ûоѣȻܸЩ
ùøûгףûⷽľ飬Ҳ޷죬ûⷽľ櫲֪ǾԲȥġ
ȥֱˡ
ˣϵɺǣҲ˼ѯʡ
ı䣬һҪıԼĸо櫽ȭͷһļᶨ
һҹתۼ
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ͬϽȥǱ棬֪ºǶû˵ֱӸͬ㣬ϱչˣҲ֪ʲôʱأôȻȥ
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Щڼﲻţѩŭʥѹ΢һ㣬ѹ˴
֪λûô˵˸Ͻ뿪򣬲֪Ҫʲôʱ
û뵽Щ˵Ȼ֮񡣡һƵͬԺЩȫжǷС
˵Ż˫ͻȻĵϴҲſˣȻֹ
ڿʲôأȥĿҲһӴˣСŵöһ
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275 ͵һ
ͬʱ͵͵ؿһۣˮˣ̲ס֡
櫽㣬ô뵽ģƯӴҲҪѩܵǰ֣¿ͣǹС櫽ƤúãճӤ
ӱ䣬ڼҲ࣬ѩһþܾСӣܵһߣҲһƬͨ죬¶Ƥһϼ
Ѿͷǿ櫾ʧӣѩһۣкѾͷˣȥ׼緹
˵䣬ǻһۡ
ΪˣȻ׊櫴ĿģرŮкߣ櫺쵥ദĻᡣ
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ѩã˵ҪֵĲ˸ǳġ
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ѩ룬Լû˵Ļ˵ˣھռһֱǴС㣬֣ſڣĻʲôӴ
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ѩҪ֮ʱɺڸɫ׹Ůһ˳
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ûˣҲ˼ΣǻȵĿ⣬ܲˣݺݵض˶ţŭʲô
ȻŮˡٺһЦߵǰҲ܊櫵ĽߣǻȵĿϴ
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ĻǸˣΪǰûĿԼ˿Ů˵Ŀ⣬һ˿
֮ǰȫûһŴȰ˿СӵĿ⡣
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ԣлҲѣȻǿţվԼ
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276 ͵
櫳֮⣬û֣ܵ˵տʼ˼¡
Ƭ֮ͱĸоӭǣֻѾͷûһ㾭飬ӭ쿴ǵҡ
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Ҫĸ׺Ƕ棡ƺ֪Ҫʲô櫸Ͻ˼죬ķȴĲ԰
ʲôǶǹˣЦǵġһЦ־ȥ櫵·
ϵ·Ȼ¶ȴǳĽʵҲ֪·ôƵģ˰죬Ҳû⿪
һʱʹץ·һǣ˺һͽ˺Ƭѩ˵ޱޱĳУһһӣͺʾһ㡣
ƣ˫һѾͽץС
ȫһһС
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ŮⰻȻʱǵķ䣬˱ˊ櫵ķ䡣


277 峼һ
櫵һ췢ϵͽ߲ѣһֽŮһʱߵþҪ䡣
ϧʱŪȫһǹƨһģһҲһʧˡ
ΣֻñӽͷסȥǣȻӶ˴¡
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ʱŮһ̯࣬ˡ
Ϊĸףһֱٹܣɵ֪ȻŮ˲һʱ̲סеǰݺݵĽѵһ
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ĸѵһȣʵ˲٣ÿŮȣΪһڣҪӡ
һûгţһ磬ڳԷͻȻ֮䣬졢ѩ񡢊ͬʱ꣬һؿ⡣
ôˣҲ꣬һɻؿˡ
иʵǿȫڰʥϣа֮ˡѩصȵˣڵǣҲҪԴ
ôô֣ѵЩģɫҲˡ
Щˡĸ֡
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ǲ֪һ壬İɣɺĵص
𣿡һЦмصа㲻ͽǶԭΣǵĳ
ڵɲǰ죬ʵ֮ʲٵĴҲУһֱʺĴ壬пǵĺ֡
Щȫˣԣһ㶼Ĵұ⽫Щȫ
˵Ĵ嶼ǿޱȣɶ˵ǲһȺʵĴֶѡ
ֻҪڻѪҪǾ׾ٵ顣
㻹ҪСĵ㣬Ͼ½Ϊǿ塣ǵĵ춣
ĸ׷ģµġЦҼԷµġ
ǷǿߵͬʱдﵽʥϵĸҲܵǼǿϢ׷Լ䵽С
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λֿһۣɵȫǰĹֵˣ
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ԷµģȫȻҲʧ񣬵żλֵλǰ̧ˣǲһȺѣλǰ⣬ͽҶȫ°°°


278 峼
ˣĸֱӳƺ֡һصȻλ˶˵ԺǽгƺǹӰɣ
Сȫ˵ͷʼҲһ
ǱϾǴ½ϵĶǿߣǽЩΪˣǻЩвڣƺʾ𾴣ֲήԼݣȻõġ
ӣ֪ʲôطЩɴʵ
ղźѾ˵ˣȻ֮ǰȷʵЩ̽˼ȴû뵽˹ݡ
Ĳĵӵķ˶ɱˣһҪɱ죬Ϣļ˶ųһ亹
˵һı仯ΪΪʱʵ˸ǾĪ
˵ǻ飬Ͼһǣҵ껹ǵսħ壬Ǽڣµ֣ٻһЩݵġ
˵飬ܾȻһ塣
ȴȫͬûһ㽻飬Է㽫ȫˣҲһ⡣
ǼˣȥǸֻϣ첻Ҫٹ壬ȻһָǾˡ
ȫھʹǹȥ
͡ʵ˴ϲ
ȫܻ˽ɢֵܴʵȥ
֪ĸˣ˷һڣɺǺͬ뿪ˣ壬ֻʣˡ
ȫʱ쵹ûΪʵˣֱǽ
ʵȻǰûм죬ȴĻһ죬Ǳϳˡ
ݼӡ˶ڴ½ϴ𾴵˼
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лʼ˵һлȫ
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һĻ첻ɵöòߺ
ʶ΢΢һ̽󾪣ߣʥҲﵽ˰۷塣
ʵȻǿҺǻѪ֮㣬Լ治ô쾡аԸ̾ʵڣҲҪϲٰ
Ҫ֪ϴ֮ĸĸ֮ȫ֮Ҳǿﵽʥֻϴﵽʥ
ȫǣֻжȫ͊櫴ﵽ˰ʥͰͻʥѩֻﵽʥҲǣﵽʥɺ˾͸ˡ
أĴȫǰʥʸǴﵽʥܼڣ֮⣬Ĵ壬һ嶼вʮʥ
ȣǱ仯Ϊ壬ʵһǣҲδǵĶ֣
ҲȻǿǵƾã겻⣬ټ˯ʱӻϣҲ⡣
ƳǿĸʵûУǲǿŽ֡
ҺǷܺرѣ½ǵˡаԽҡ
ۿ²˵弸иоЩһվһӣΪ֮ǰѾ˵ˣǺܷŭȻһΪϾһȻҲн̵֮
ǱӵǸںɵʧԸӱ⳥ܹԸ塣
µһѳͷѾȥͲᡣǺһЦ⳥ҲͲˣЩ𻵵ķҲֵ˼ǮѾúһ޽䡣
ԣʼǶ̲ס鴤˼£һֱ߸ϣھȻ䵽ˡ
죬ȴκε飬ָл첻塣
ʵ˹Ҫǻĺ⣬ڿ첢ûк壬Ҳһ
ҪˣʵҲû̫ѹͬʱǻϢ
ҲɵȻҲ֪ʲôطȴ֪ڣҵ˵Ŀռȴһֱע
һʵ˸ҵˣ
ǿļΪһ˵һ֣ͽˡ


279 峼
֮ʵѾǳϤ컹˳ֵܣĸо
ʱͻȻվ칪һһĻһ㶣æʵ֣ʲô˼
Ϊһ͵ܰæͻһΪѵĵ
֣Ǽֵܣʲô¾˵ֻҪܰæģƳ١ˬһЦ
Ϊ־л͵ˡһϲȴû˿ıʾ̾ϢһԵʱ岢һֱ˵졣
֮ǰ˳ǺΪ๼㹫Ӳص壬Ҳطڣһ屻͵ܾ𣬴ӴΪ壬ʵ˵ҲòȱȫΪְ֮󣬺֪һҵͳģ¶Ҫˡ
ԣüͷһ壬⻰Ǵˣ
ܵе⣬һݣæ͵ᣬҸղ˵Ϊ๼ȻΪ顣
ǲ֪ʲô˼أ
͵һ飬ΪһѪʲ쿪ڣΪ๼Щһȴʲô¶ûɡ
Ҳۣܵر壬Ǳ⣬ֻΪ飬ڵħϣǣϾǶ޹ġ
˵꣬ʼ˱һؿ죬ʱѾˣȻ죬ԭҲˡ
ǾԲΪŹǵ첻ˡ
Щȴ취ŹǣϾҲһԱȱһ壬Ͳ
ֻҪָЩһͲ
˵ˣǵ˵Щûǵ죬ɹĿԺܴġ
ȻѾǺãɴʱ첻лǵǲѣҪΪٽˣǿɾ͵òʧˡ
ð죬һֱʵĶᵽɤʱһ΢Ц˵òҵʱҲͷŽһˣȷʵЩףҪЩָס
һ£ǿвУѾԸĴ׼̨׼֮ǾѪ֮ʱ̨֮лָЩ
û⣬û⣬л͵ܡʴϲղſ첻˵ǻΪ첻Ӧء
ûʲôлģⱾòԡЦ˾㲻ã׳嶯ǲ֪һ彫㽫ҷɱˣڳΪʱ㽫嶼˵ġ
ҺǼʱңҪȻڿǺĪָҶûǸ
һʵȫһһƬҰףʱףʱΪڵѪͷӿҪȥһ㣬ָоͻȻʧˡ
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Ҵ仰ҲھǣԼʱһǧ˼
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Ѫ츳ʣǷǳǿģЩ츳Բһ̫ʱһ̫ߣпѪûȫѡ
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281 Թ
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282 صأһ
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쿪ڣСһıԶˡ
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285 صأģ
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286 ӵĴˣһ
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287 ӵĴˣ
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288 һ
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289 󣨶
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290 һ
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291 󣨶
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Ȼ°벿ѵⲻѲǻþüͷ壬ڶЩŪ׵þʵ
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ǰĻݱȫµģǰûпģϸĹۿһ󷨵裬ЩȻġ
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ȷʵѾǻþˣʵġ
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292 
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뿪֮ǰֶ˵ºҽ˳ΪĴѪʱӭλ١
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˽˳ǣ̨ɵĲţŶȫ˶ţûгʲô£һжǳ˳
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ת۱¶ȥһٵ˳½֮ǰΪԻͣ屶
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Һڻʵǿǿ֮£ǲ֡
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293 ˣһ
үʲôʱģԺдɨͬһݼ죬һĲ졣
ˣֻ㲻֪Цĸأ
˴żλٷȥ̻ѡˡͬ˵ţգգ۵˵һҪһϲ
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˵ЦǮ֪һذľ̼壬ʵǿ˵ҲͼʣͦǮġ
ܵ˳һסضûУֻܵ˼ҵé˯ˣҲûʲôܳΪҵŮȷʵռ˲Сıˡ
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ôˣѵ˵ʲôˣ첻ʵ
үɼС㣿ͬʵ
ҵûмѵСʲô⣿
Ҳûʲô⡣ͬе֣Եеѡ
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Կǲܵġͬʵ˵һֻܳѼһֻռ뷹ΪݣҵŶǵſһ
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294 
쿴ɺǹƷŶӵ֣Ķƺ֮ǰһЩʱ˫һһѽɺס˵ˣкˣ
Сӣôһһզģɺôˡһļģǵŭˣһͽɺ
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ĸףղŲ˵ҪɺھȥҲߵȰ˵
԰ôأŤͷëëŵģҪǳʲô⣬ʡ
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295 Ѫѿʼ
ȫҲȫĳΪȨη죬ܻˣǳϣڵճϴ£뱨Ǽˡ
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296 壨һ
Դɵ˵ľٶͻأͷܻһؿǵľٶЩŭȻѾӦЧ죬ǱϾҲǰ
ҪǸǼ󱲹£ǵǧ˵棬ηŵ
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ݼӣݼˡ
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Ͼ֮ǰǶԴڹң˼ҲǶԴɵˣ£ҲǸ߶ԴɣʲôѣҲǶԴɰǽ
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Ȼ⼸վһѪ⼸ûһ飬һ֣Բ˿顣
ʵЩӣҺͻƼҶ뾡취ѩֵϵ˸ͲǵʣǺΡ
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Ƽҵ˻ƺдʱܻеΣԱ߼Ƽҵϼһﴫһ˫һȥ
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֮ǰļҵļͷ֪Ѫϣ϶ҪģֻôУǾһ
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297 壨
ɵؼҵڵɽȴͬС
˵̫ᣬ԰ǵô˹죬еԺ˵ķչܲ
⣬ҲǴ½ǰôһ¹ȷʵ̫ˡ
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ݼӣݼˡؼҵҲ׷
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쿴վֵȣҴ˸лҲԶǰǽģһлС
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ܵĴĸȾЩǰۿҲ׷׾ЩҲ⣬ȫ
ǧԱ㼯һԶԶȥ֮ⶼǿƣ÷Բ֮ڵĶﶼӴܡ
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ȫ˹ãһɢΧʮ״Է˳û첻

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ˡֱʮ׵ļ̨Ȼһ֮ҫ۵Ľɫãһ̫㣬õ˵۾
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ҵ˺ˣǰ˴ɵ˾Ȼˡ
ҵҲˣʮǰ˰
֪ô޷ͻȻˣˡ
Ҫͻˣҵ찡סʮƿȻͻˡ
Ⱥ֮УһһϲһƬ
վǰĴ˺壬Ҳһ˵ģۿɼٶʧƿģƿĪľˡ
ЩﵽʥȻطʵĸǣܶǰ׵ĶʱҲͻȻˣܶ˸̲סҪͻơ
ǫ̂ʲôôЧܡЩϼһǣжκҲܵ˺ô
ϵˣǽ֮£Ǹоǰķ֮ʱͺǵһ㣬۾ܸܵ


298 뿪ʼ
ѵãϽϼһǺܿ㷴ӦٲȥôǸ̨ģһ͵£Ѹٵ
ϼһľٶ˵ע⣬ղŻ˷ܵ˶ʱӦһȫ͵
ǧˣϢȫڵղŻ˷ܡֵһӱѻȸΪͻȻ󣬾һһ㣬ϵĳ֡
˷ǰ̣ص
ǱͻƣѪ֮ͻƣõĺô쵭ĮĴĶС
һϽֹͣͻƣʵѹסȴѪľѡ
ûˣעеĽӡ֮ϣԽԽսγɵĽӡ䵽̨֮ϣ̨Щȿƺõķľһ㣬Լ̨Ϸɳǽɫã֮ķĴԱ
ת۰ӣķԽԽ࣬ڼ̨ΧĴӺԱȫȥɾһ㣬á
ƯһĻĴеŮԶסˣһЩҲסˡ
ʱɫȴòҰףǺˮϵ·͸Ǵ½˳üѩȥϵĺˮȴΪ´ŵֹ
ͻȻ֮䣬ֶһһ֮Ѿһ޴˿ڣѪȪһ
һֱעĶȫ˶ʱɫ䣬ѩͳȥֹ죬ȴȫһסˡ
ǰˡѩŭԼĿ⣬ȫҪľغܣֹ˳͵Ϯ
ѩĿԶȫƿ죬ѪȻһ·̨ȥǲ̨֮е֮ϡ
䡭
Ѫ䵽ϣһǿϢ汩Ǽ̨ԭɢĽɫãҲʼѪɫת䡣
ԽԽѪ֮УãҲԽѪ죬ǱѪһ㡣
񡭡
ĴȫĶһ£ʱǸоԼѪ֮УһΧǹãԽѪ죬ǹҲԽǿҡ
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һ֣ɽǸŵòᣬɲô죬޷ֹǹ
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һ̣ɫ͵һ䣬һѽ˦
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ڳһɼΪԵҵսһڣͱǹˣڵսɫޱѿĵ
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ͻȻһۣҲ֪뵽ʲô͵Ťͷſȥ
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δ˷ӦĴ֮У಻֮һ̱˵Ŀе


299 Ѫѣһ
໡
ͺΪ˾Ѫѵĺ𾪣ͻȻһ޴֮
ŤͷһֻѾֱͦͦվϣһͷð
һĻ˶ɫѿǺҿĴΪ꣬һҪԷû뵽Ǽ֮оȻҲĴѪһǼ֮ӣֱ̫Цˡ
ȻʱûЦǣΪһһЩŵĵҲһı仯
һһֱĴΪĿĵУŵһĳϱ̣ȻûүͳϣӢҲѪ
Լеĵһı仯ΪˣɫҪѿжѿǵ˿ʱǶ֮ӣǽͷĵ¡
ѵСӹѿͬʱ뵽⣬ܿǱˡ
ѿֻǣҲһƣϾĴ岢ûжԹǵ˳Ϊˣòô
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ҪѿͲֻЩСֱִ仯ЩϼһֻЩϼһΪˣǲĶˡ
⣬Щһֱһ𣬸ûзκֽţֽǶֲˣ̫죬ʱҲˡ
ΨһԽ͵ͨģЩ˱ʹѪ
뵽ǲɵЩѪ֮˵ϣȴȻ֣ǵĸǿԲ鵽ģǵĸЩȴǴȢġ
ĸҲǺȢһСŮ
Ĵڴ½ϴ꣬໥ȢһĴУܶ˶Ĵ壬֪ԼĴѪ
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ԣ֮УȢĴѪŮӣѪҲ
ȻͨˣһԼ˳Ϊˣ뵽֮ǰԼĴ֮ĶԹɫȵʺһѿ
֮Ĵ֮һɹɵɢԶŵɢ㼯һγһɿֲѹõڳʥֶ촭ʵߣȫڵأվ
·Ѫ֮ϵľѣеȴΪսԼѪʧɫһƬҰףǸڰյ嶼΢΢زš
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ĴԱѪϵľѣ꣬·ЩǰֵȴûᣬȻɢһɿֲѹȴȻڵϣƴš
ʱ˶оԼһǧ̫ѵãʵԽǿߣԽϧᣬϾʵԽǿʵҲԽҲԽԽ
ʱҲûٹĴѪĶӣԭ
ʱһȥ
ת۱ǰʱĴԱ󲿷ݵѪѾѣ˷ܵվЩ̲סǸĺ
Щͻ⵽ǳǳ⣬Ϊʱ˲ѪѣҺӰ쵽ô졣
ʼļҵĳƾƽʱŻֹˣԽԽѪѣҲֹˡ
ҲҲ޷ЩЩʵĸ˵Ҳа취ԸЩ
ֱսԼĶ䣬޷УټǵĶһǿš
ʱĺܴ󣬶εҩɫȻɷףȫҲȰ˵ֹͣ쿴֮ٻɵûоѣҧ
໡
ͻȻ֮䣬֮дһֻ֮ϽһУΪһ׵Ľ
һʮһʥǿѹϱţһѪűʮһʥѹΪǿѹبŵϢҲϱʮһʥѹһɶ
һĻõֶõȫΪǵĿ£ͷԭֱͻȻԽǼһΪԭֻצӵצһצҲȻԱ߳ĸצӡ
ǱѪ֮£嶼ԵĸоʵϵۼҲڲϵıǿ


300 Ѫѣ
ʱ³ˡ嶼ϲѡ
Ǿϲ֮ʱԱִ޴֮
໡
ʯҲãһУΪһ׳塣
ղһҲȻһѪɫĹâǹã֮£ǵʵѸٵͷϵһΪϵۼױǿצҲצצ
ʯΪˡߵı仯·ѡ
ܿ죬ǷЩԾˡ
ϵۼѾɫ
԰ҽһôܱأ
ɻˣеı仯Ҳ֪룬ǽԼۼףֱӴ˰С
岢ûɻã·оԼڵѪ֮Ȼһǵ֮ҴܣõǵͿ챬ըһ㡣
໡
ǶһٶһХ׷׻Ϊһ⣬˹ȥ
һۣȻһӡŰһȡ

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ָо˺ɻ󣬲ʲôϧǵʵȻǿٶȴԶȵĿ죬Ǹ塣
Ƿģʵ£һѵǰûӦ֮С
һ̣ӴۼϣһɫĹâĳߣ˫ǰצϣĸצ֮Ȼĸļ̡
ǽȫһбޱȵϢ
֮ǿ󣬳Ǳʵ֮⣬ǵΪǴףһףʵ˵ҲҪһ
ֻϧӵʺͰ˴ʧ֮󣬰˼ҲʧˣЩ꣬ұ½Ҳûҵû뵽ʱȴٻ˹
ͬʱʯҲԵһһãɵԡ
˶ϲӣǲĴҲõˣʴһٶ֮츳ѪҲٴξѣʵˣ츳ǿҲˡ
޽ڣǵѪҲõһЩʵҲһЩٻǧû⡣
˵ı仯׸ıδ
ڼ֮Уھϲ֮ҲƲѣǽȴ壬ͬǲġ
ԣһѪȴѲҪԺȥһ塣
һ־ʧ죬ʱȥǲô˵һˣ͵ĺ·
ܵģؼҸڿǰǼɫʱɫ䣬иһĨֻš
ǵıȫ䵽Уе滨һǺÿ޵ġ
תǰʱĴʮһɵѪѾѣֻʣ¼ûжЩҪôǲѪҪôѪ̫ϡ
ۿûҪٵȥнӡһ䣬̨ȻãһϢ䣬һָֻ
ô£ǽãôʧˣ
ҪϽָ
Ǽ̨һ˭õͿԶٵʵ
尡
·ָղٵٶʧˣһ͵۾һЩ˸ǳ˫ۣż̨ȥ
ȫһͺһӣһĽã
䡭
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ٸǰɱ⡣
ֵܺѩҲӰһԣʣһɹɿֲѹɢ
ݡ
˭ԸҵҲγȫתɱڵŭЩߡ
˭Ҳû뵽Ȼ·ŭ־ɱˣһĻһˮڷϣе̰֮һɶ
¶ȫٴγ֣Ǵ˳ǰ˶Ѹȥ
ͻ˶ӭղҲõ˺ôһҲ㾡˵֮꣬ҪңһҲĮؿ·ˣеɱõ˶ɫףٴ˼
ʱֳİԵû˻ỳɣٸǰ壬Ὣ֮ɱһɶ
ܺá쿴˵ľٶصͷĿ⿴Ĵ塣


301 Ѫһ
ɽ£ǵؼھô
ɽһ㶣ôʲô⣬˵Ĵ֮Уϵõҡ
ƼʱҲ뻤˹ϵ൱Ĳߵöؼҵˡ
ʱ첻ңȴƫƫؼң̫ˡ
Ҫֳ֪ǧڹۿʱ˭ɻ˾ߵԺĺô
ѵڹ£ҵؼңɽаؼ֮ģѪѣǵʵĴ֮Ϊǿġ
ƼϣҲȲǼ壬Ψȱһˡ
ȻĴ嶼ѾӦ˳ˣ׻˵˵ĵط棬ĵطԼʵԺڻиСԻ鷳
ѣҲڴʱ취£ġ
뵽ʱɽ»صлҵؼʮһɵ˶ѾѪѣʵ֮ǰǿʮһжֻͣԼ嶼ǵǵؼȴû
ڵˣѡЦЦҸղô˵ڵĸܣǷҪҵģ
л㣿ɽɻʲôҪģ
ȻҲ֪ġЦҲ˵ǹҵ飡
ԣɽɫһ䣬⻰ʲô˼ѵģ
Լ˵ģҿû˵ЦȻҵĻشҲԡ
ҵؼΪĴ֮һŶĲ˵ĵӣҲôǡɽŭ졣
ؼһҲķŭؿ죬˫ж
һЩ˸ǽ˳
һӱýš
Ҳɻؿ죬֪ʲô˼壬ɫ
ǵУѵʲôı
Ͼ֮⣬˳ȫѪѶƵûа취ԶٶЩ
УѪҪЮǶٻЩġ
ûˣһЦؿŵɽµȻҸǻǲҪǾ͹ֲñˡ
ɽɫһ䣬ие˲
ҪڷٴεһٶʮǰڵһִΪһŮˣɱһ꣬ȴǷһϵӣ֪Լӱɱڳϴŭ֮ɱڡ
ȴɱ˵ִһʥĶӣۿԼĶҪɱʥȻ֣ڵĳϸɱˣԭΪ˿ھû֪ȴʮ첻ڵʥ̫ϳϱš
һսڱڼ̫ϳɱʬҰŵʥ̫ϳһһˣţڵȴˡ
ʱΧʵ𣬶û̲Щȥ˶ڱɱ仹ʥҶΪŸ֣Էڵ˲ųߣ֪ؼԴкο
Χ˿ĿΪɻµֵúֻܴҪе˶֪Ҷ֪ʱ˵ʲô˼
Ļɽº͵ؼҵһɸȫɫ䣬嶼̲ס
һֱܵҵؼҵĿƣ֮ǰɽȻ¸ȤҾ͸㣬ʱΪ˱סڣҵؼҼʥȫˣǰļ̫ϳϸûʮİܹˡ
һԴŻⳡԹ
ˣЦڴ֮꣬ǰǵʱŹʥ־ʮϵʥаˣؼȻҲмʥǿҲʥԣǰҲʥɣ
ԷڵʵؼҵǵʵǼɵ㲻̫ЦôÿЦ
ԣ·Щʶ˶üͷЩΪ½ĴڣȻΪӡ
ɱǵĳϣǿ϶ưոݣԷģҲԷһԷвǾԲԷݡ
Ŀõ㶫ߵġ
Ǹǿɶ
ɽɫԽѵһؼҵʥǼӣ⻰Ͳˣɲ˭塣
⻰˵Ĳˡ
ȷʵҸˣһ˶ûʣôؼΪǱƽЦΪԼǵ±˲֪𣿡


302 Ѫ
ڵ̫ϳڷؼҵݣΪ˱סؼңͶǣӦ뷨ҵ塣
ڻ˳֮ǻ֪ڸģڵģŻҵ壬һټҿ˵
ؼ˶ɫ䣬˸߲㣬£ЩͨȻǿɽµȸ߲ɫһƬʱ˶첢û˵١
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ҸղҸᣬʵһǿԲƽϣûϧȻ񣬱ڵǵһУҲʦջء
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ݡ
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ˣǱʵҲڵѪʧѸš
ܵԼʵһʧղѪѵϲһӿֻȡģϴ뿪˵ϧһЩ
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ӦһƼҵ߿Ʒɽ춼ûлشæѵ
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һ̣Ƽ˵ϢԿֲٶҲ̱仯
һĻؼңǵɽµˣֻҪѪ֮ǵؼҲͳͷˣŷƼȫ֮ǰǲ֪
˭뵽һУ֪֪֪ıǻϸ
Ǹû뵽˵ĺ;顣
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ˣҺͻƼң֮ǰؼߵúܽҲûк̫Ľʡ


303 Ѫ
ͻȻЧԼп϶ЩԸ˵Ѫ֮ѣǾСҲ鷳ϡ
ԣҪǿ־壬ҪԼʵ׵ľǵġ
ؼѪ֮ʵĴ֮һǶ޷֮ױģ͵úúõؿһºˡ
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Сӣֺ¾Ȼ뵽Լ塣Ƽ˲ϵı仯̣ʵҲԿֲٶԶ̲סԹ
ԱߵɫҲΪѿ
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һ볤ôȥ˶ǣɲǿ֧ţǵҪǿ
ڵ壬ûʵȻõѡҪôû뵽Ȼ͸Ƽңҡ
ѵΪСʱڻλж
֮ʣнӡѸһ䣬ЩƼҵսȻһΪڷ
˸ûзӦЩսѾǵ壬ǵʵѸ
⡭ڸܵԼڲʵʱ˶ס롣
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Լ˵ʵԿֲٶȻԼûҲ¶Цݡ
ʵѾﵽʥﵽʥ֮ʵ֮⣬ҪطԣЩȻעԼڣҲʵ
ʱΪʲôһҪмԭΪ˸ʵ
ɿԵʵı֮Ҳ׵˿
츳Ȥϲٳּӡ
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֮ͣȫչ˼֮С
һӣҲһְŮˣȴһְߡ
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һֱڵ⣬ҲȰ˵ҪúÿһǶˬشӦǲʩС
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໡һȻ̵ֻͻȻһХһɫĹâ֣һͷϳԭֻһȻ
ȻҲѸٵĳƬۼףȫֻʣ۾һ档
ܵǿֲѹ˶ʧ
ȥ˰ɡһ֣Եĵ׹ãһУһ̣һɢبϢױ㽫εİ
ϲ㡣ȫǰЦԺҪһսˡ
磬ԺҪչҡҲ˷ܵصʵֻ۷壬ʵ̫ࡣ
Ӧ÷չǣʵǿǵͷȫЦ
ɵǰŹֵӡ
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һ֮Ȼɫһ䣬·ƼˣѾȫѣ˵ʵҲò࣬һڡ
ûκεĿƣ·̨ϵĹâȻʧ˿ȥʱŷ֣Ѻڼ̨Ѹٵӿ̨ΪѺۣҲûһ
ؼԼҴջشǵһУӽԺ󣬵ؼҲԵΪգΥɱ⡣쵭Į˶СĴȱһɣƼ֮ңԸ䣬ӽǽȡؼҡ
壬ԭ׺ݲ̣ѱһ屻֮һȱԭȡԭϣúͳһ壬Ҫٲԭĺ󳾡


304 ħˣһ
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ƣ쿪˿ڣȴҷԣֻʵĴӦ
㲻ûʸҵؼҵڵϵĵɽ˺ѷεĶ˻ǵģûʸᡣ
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ƼңǽջߣΪ壬ʵʮֹǰǼֻˣڣǵкüʮˣǣ˶Ľѡ
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ħ˺ü꣬Ϥ֪ħʵҲӦ׼
Ӹһħ˷׷׵ͷĿ⿴졣


305 ħˣ
ܵ˵Ŀ⣬һصȻ֪ħҾ͸ǰɣһħ嵽½½͵ֵס
ԣɫ͵һ䣬ĳƸǼӣħʵ֮ǿ
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жٸҲ֪פռѺ۴ħƽʱפħʸ־ˣ˵ǻһصأʮħʸ⴦ħлǽġ
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ʹƣǲʲô
ǾӦûǿҵķӦǽħ壬ȷʵðһЩգȴʱȫԽʵһ͹һռѺۡ


306 ħˣ
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ĿɶϺ꣬ȻܴпǳôǸ
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֮ǰǰѺۿռʱԼļƻ콣ڣ콣ڵͶԴ飬ֶԼŲû̫Ӱ죬Ҳħѷ
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ȻҲӵĽǳãڲһ˵ģҲһûȥһ²С˼Ƭ̣˾
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޷Ǿ֤ǵӰ
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ϾˣҪħҲòʱ׼ðȻͻǳԴģԣҵ㣬пҲҡ
֮ڣ۽ΣǶӴ𸴡ͷҲ׷׵ͷ
˹˹֣˳ţߵſڣ㿴Ԫһվ档
ϣʲôˣüͷ


307 ħˣģ
ʮ˳ɱ˳ĴʬǶһƬҡԪصصݵ飬Щȫǵؼ֮ˡ
ɱһĨĻɱǾȻʾ
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˶ȫĵĸ죬Ҳһġ
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308 ħˣ壩
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ԴˣЩе㲻Ը⣬ÿ˶˽ģ˵ȨߣȫеȨԼرΣ֮⣬Σմ
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ǵħ֮ÿɱһħ壬ʵԵõͬĹףЩײԻȡսԻȡҩȡ
߿Իȡ˼ҩ͸߼Եõʥָ㡣


310 ħһ
ЩκһģΪЩ½֮ÿ춼˼ˡ
תۼħѹ£˶ҪʵǱǣ֮ǰһһЩʮ
ҼλȫﵽʥɵʵҲﵽʥҲͻƵʥʵǡ
ֻɺҪӣʵûг٣ҲϴԵؼϳʵǿаġ
ģʵҲ˲٣⵽ʥ۷壬һȴôҲͻƲˡ
ƼңƼҲûʧǿѹ֮£˶ƴ֮ѾʥȻǿҲֻǣ޷ȣʱ֮࣬Ҳ֤ǡ
⣬ʵҲ˲٣⵽ʥǣȻ˵İҲ֤츳ʵ
Ѻۿռ֮С
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׼ˣߺ㼯һÿռ䶼ڲ
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ܷɱȥȫǵˡ
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ɱҲٳɣһ׷׻Ϊ⣬󣬳˿ռѺۡ
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Ҳ򣬲Ҹħ֮иľӻԴԴϵʱ۶
ΪħѾﵽЭ飬ӿĹǹƵռѺۣħһ˶ʮħʼ֡
ǵĹƣһܴ꣬ӣħԳûԴԴϵɱȥռ½
ħڲˣǹ֮϶ķɸ֧ԮʱضӰ쵽Ѻ۵
ΪǣĸռѺҲǿֻ𹥣ֻѪ¾ɽѺӦǿ
ΪһƻħѾֻҪռѺǱһͨɳڶʮħֶԴ˹ƣѪ¾ɽɱ½ȥ
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ռѺ۴ħħ֮ģѪ¾ɽԭǵĵ٣ħڵĵͱצֹˣǸ
½ǷչΨһᡣ
˭ȳȥȻζռĵ̣֮ǰѪ¾ɽħʻڵôƶĴ˸ĸְæȻֵڡ
ԣһʱ䣬Ѫ¾ɽһֱ׼ҽǰıѪ¾ɽҪһĴ󣬾ɱȥԲܸһ㴭Ļᡣ
һжڽŵ׼УɸղͻȻ˵Ĵ󱻹ˣʮħʸֻûӦ洫ɱ
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ϴαѪ¾ɽɱȥѪ¾ɽħЦɱѪ¾ɽԺ¾Ҳûħˡ
࣬ҪɱλͳĿһſռѺ۴ȥ
ǵУΪǼǰȥˣûʶΪд󷴹


311 ħ򣨶
ҲЩħʴ⣬Щ꣬һֱħǱ߽֮٣ֻפأԣһֱΪʵ̫Բҽ
ȻǳܵϵǿϢԼֲʱʮħͳɫ䡣
ö֣ÿһǣЩǻǿħͳ춼ɫ䣬ԴԴӿռѺʥ֣ǵĶڲ
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ͳ춼ѪɳȥһЩʵģ䵽Ϻ󣬺ð
̫ǿܡͳжһ뷨ʱҲǵĴͳˣĸֹϾǵʮкܶǵʵǿٴȥֻ·һ
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䡭
ԱըһĿռ䶼˺һѺۡ


312 ħ
ȥһŭֵܷ׷ʹԼǿս
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ӣˡֵܣû°ɣȫĵʵǱģû£ȴˣڴǵ
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һͺΪһ⣬·£ħΪܼ֮ء
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ħĲҽȻһнʮħ£Աߵħ忴ĻŵøεѣһЩ˵ħҲʼӴܡ
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һ޴ǷǣƹǹĽǰǰʼɫһ䡰ǵ˫ͷȮǴﵽħʼġ
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ֵǣǵ˫ͷȮɢϢǲһֻʥҵĵ˫ͷȮʵѪ¾ɽһͳ춼ȻðΣգʮͳ춼סˡ
Χˡɲʵеɻһͺɢ
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ǰͷ˫ͷȮȷʵ˲٣ʮУһЩˣټϵ˫ͷȮֻǣŽǼһʱɱ
ȥ˫ͷȮޱһͳ֮ʱŭˣԴϵĴͬʱſһһ㣬Ŵͳȥ
ۿ󷽵־Ҫ׷ͳҲ˲ϵ˫ͷȮ
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£ͳѻΪһ⣬Զ˹ȥ
ͳҲ˫ͷȮתܣϧǸת˫ͷȮ³ĻȻǵ߱ըõǲ÷ٶȣȫ
Ȼһ˲ʱ䣬ɾһ˲䣬Ѿ˹

йãһȻ֣һӣһӰһն˫ͷȮħʻδӦӰѵǰ
䡭
ħֻǰãһһĨȻһ̣ϾͺȻһ죬ΪѪ⣬ʹħǿħ
һ֣첻֣ͣһӣԱߵһͳȥͳֻʥӣ֮ǰ˵ˣע⵽죬һԼѸһﵽʥͳ˹ȥ
ʥͳԭ붫ȫ֣ʹھԵ·磬ڿ˽ҲǱȥʱŭӣҲ˲ȫתܡ
磬㡣
һ׹֣СԣһɿֲѹСɢ˲佫ͳ֡
ͳֻͻȻѹɽϵѪҺһ㣬͵һٶȻֹͣд󺧣Ͻ߶ȫֵ
һѪ֣ǵȻһᣬղŵѹҲʧ롣
ǻϲһ޴Ӱѳǵϡ
ħ
ۿܲʹħǿ֮һħӰһ£ǵϡ
ڴʱǵӰҲǵǰ


313 ħģ
䡭Ӱصĺͳϣʱǵħ֮Ӱûǵϣȫӳȫ֮
ʵֻʥʵͳ쵱㱻һȸ⣬ʥͳ򱻺ѪɳȥȻûݵӡܿ뿪ѾԶˡ
ݡ
ռһʥͳ춼δסԼ壬ȫѾıһ£ͳԴ׷ɶ

ʥͳ׷ɵԴ³ʵŭ𣬿ϧٲҲãħȷʵǿԴˣҲٻˡ

Ա߽ҽУŤͷһһʥͳ챻Դһʥͳ򱻺һצ嶼˺˰ߣԶˡ
ٿͳ죬˴ǱȫˣĴ
ЩħͳעⶨҲٻǣӰһԶӴͳ׷ȥ
ʱͳѾӵ֮⣬ۿû׷һǲʱĲҽУ֪ͳˡ
ˣѪ¾ɽˣ࣬ұࡣͳѣѪ¾ɽǸһѪȴû뵽ôһ˲䣬ͱˡ
ȻѪ¾ɽصأʮħʣЩħʵǺǿǿĲʥħʵΪĵطʣµǵʵܿͻᱻɵ
½ûǸˡһĪǰȻһ̣һȫ˸ŽľɢĪѹǰ
ʣղſͳ춪ˣʱ壬Ա߽׷ҪǴʱͳ쿴û׷ٶҪҪһЩֽš
ͷǷֲ˫ǣǷŽãףͳʶĺһ
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ħһս֮ʧ٣ȥҲûгֹҶ²ħϣħżԦħ壬շѡ
ȻϵҵݡһЦǺ̵ӡǶûǡ
ͳŭһŨص𣬻צӣʳȥ
ӡܲҪħռ½˵ǸˣħҲѡ
㡣ϸһĨмħȻⲫ֣ⲫ֮ϸʤħ壬Ļ´ͳ졣
ӰһʻΪһ⣬Գȥ
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˫ͬʱצץԷצݺݵץһ𣬵߶ûһֻצҲŶԷץ˹ȥ
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ཻ˭Ը𣬾һ㡣
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ʣ˫צֻۼ˼飬ȻҲ⣬ûдͳôңӴҲ˴ͳһצȴûиɴ˺
ķ̫ǿˣǳ֮⣬ط֮ϣͳһצҲֻѪЩڡ
ܵǾҵʹͳڴŭ֮˹
ȥ
ͻȻ֮䣬ͳҲ֪ʲôһĺ˫֮䱩γһ޴צӰʳ˹ȥ
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צӰ֮ϣһ֮߶ըǿƻռ䶼˺һӣһ޵ľ졣
ΪĿʶߴʱȻǧ׵ĸ߿գǿ˲㵽˵档
Щһ棬ϵֲ˲һƬںڣҲûһɢһϢضһƬɫˡ
ǡħ䣡ʿŵı仯ʼûŪô£ǿƻ֮ȻʱѾҲҪôپɱҪôЩȫ顣
ôֻʧȥƻأ


314 ħ壩
ʱϾǵħսʱģ֪ĶԶͨ˶ö࣬ܿ뵽ͳʹּ֮
䣬ħһּΪĹֶΣĹȴɱһа䡣
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ΪҪǣʵٸߣҲ޷ȫѹƣʩʹͬһֱ֮Ӱ㣬ֱﵽĿΪֹ
ܶ࣬ù߽ɿܣħ壬һʼʧء
䲢ô֮ҲδһɣҪ߼Ǿ͸֮٣ʦʦһ㡣
ǰͳ죬Ǻɫ֮да֮ϢжϳѾ˶
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ġŭӰԱһܹЩĺɫŴͳ׷ȥ
ľһֱ׷ɡͳ쿴ʣһҲġ
ȻʵҪһЩٶϣǶħٶȴһ㲻ʱʵٶȣҪ׷ϰ죬ܡ
죬㹻ܳʱɱħĻʳǲԶˣĴ򶷣϶ᾪɱħħʡ
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׷ˡ
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Ӱһ·֮ռ䶼ƬƬ飬ĸаɣ
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ͳæһɻδվȣһӰϮѾϢĵǰ
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ͳ˿ĳɣʹǿͬʱ˫צһӣһצӰϮӰϮ˹ȥ
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ͳϵħӰҲֻһ˲䣬ˣţӰݺݵĺϣɳȥһ·Ѫֹ
ʱҲ׷һǵɵĴͳ죬侮ʯһ㣬Ŵͳȥ
ͳҲǿȻһˣȴǿס壬Ա߶ȥ
ϧѪһ³ʮ򣬷俪Բﶼ֡

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Ȼը¶ǱĴͳ죬ʱĴͳǺɫһƬ죬ϵëȫչˣһԳϵëҲûˣֻʣ¹ͺͺ
ȥޱȵĻ

ûȴͳ췴ӦһϵԷɵ˴ͳǰ

ͳŭһצӾץ˹ȥ
Ϊħ֮һ죬ȻѪ¾ɽʵһЩҲû˵ǱʱĴͳȫŭûҪɱǰ壬ҪʬҪǳԽ
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ӰڰУڳϵһ㣬һͷһ·ͳڳ˹ȥ
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һֻ˫ͷȮԶʴ󾪡
ż˺ҡЦЦСȮĴڣ֪˲ࡣ
ħȥ֮ΪǳҪ鷳СȮһֱûгţ˸֪


315 ħ
֮ǰԵؼҳѪ֮սѪ֮ƼʹˣսƼҺҲû꣬ʣµСȮ
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ףؿСȮСȮΪɻôܱˣ͵ˣħѪĲͬɻγ˵ҪҲͬǵ˫ͷȮ뻯˱Ҫ⵽ħʼ𡣡
֪ҺĲҡҡͷҺ㻹һԴȥأ
ԣСȮһ㶣Цˣǵ˫ͷȮȻԴ˺ҲֻһԴ
˾ͺã㻹ԴҪȻԺ󶼲ҵԡͺһ㡣
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˵⻰ʱԶСȮž衣
СȮϴʱշһֻ˫ͷȮ֪ʵʲôЦģСȮҼģԶᱳҵġ
ԭˡһһҲ֪һףǾʹܱѣͻ
ħʵʬ壬Ӧвٵĺôɣ쿴СȮʵ
ǵģħķħϣħ壬ͿԴħ֮ķ֮СȮ˷ܵ˵Ѿо˵⻰˼ˡ
Ǹһｻˡ쿴һ·Ĵͳ죬⵽Ľ֮󣬴ʱĴͳȻûҲֻһڣԱˡ
лˡСȮһл໵һΪ˫ͷȮҲܴͳ컹ţһڽ̽˶ӣԱߵʶֱü
߰ɡСȮͳ̽ӣӰһѪɽȥ
صѪ¾ɽʱսѾפѪ¾ɽʮħͳȫɱǧħʿҲɱ룬ļƲˡ
׼õѾȫѪ¾ɽռ죬ѲѪ¾ɽϵħ
ӣλ˭һˣ˵ĿⶼƵСȮϣȻʱСȮΣ˻ǸоǲĿ֮
ϢǷǳϤⲻǸղסħͳǸ˫ͷȮϢ
ǵ˫ͷȮСȮϴշģѾҼ֮꣬ǰЩħͳ죬ȰŵġЦŶ˵
ԭղһ֣һʥĵ˫ͷȮȻʮʵħʼ֣ԭһжǹȰŵġ˻Ȼ
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Ѿ˰Ȼõͼֽƹ˵һʮ꣬ӣа½ϳ֮⣬Ψһһ󷨴ʦ
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˵ţֿϣ鷳һʮһռ䣬ǹǡ
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317 ħ򣨰ˣ
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323 ħʮģ
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һŷ֣ħʮһħʸִʱѾɢЩħʿ֮УڵֵħԱʱû͵Ϯ


324 ħʮ壩

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329 ħ򣨶ʮ
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332 ħ򣨶ʮ
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ҪǣɲȻʬȣһǸоԼʱ᱾ܵԱԱ󽫲ԹֶֻҪմϣطˡ
ԹһԹԹѸٱǿ󣬾˶ԲԼʧԣΪɱ¾Ļ᲻ϵĸʴ壬ʹ䣬ΪһǼܡ
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մǾ͸ˣԼϵһĻһĵ䣬ֻʣ¹ͷ뵽ǿµһĻ˶һ顣
ٿʱĿжһĨη壬µĹɾİ
ͺûп˵ı仯ıһ㣬ɱħľٶҹ֮ǰǿ϶ҲΧɱʬȺɲȣԹԱĿҪǲڴڵġ
ĲֹһȾɱħڣɱħֵüȮɱħɳΧɱ
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333 ħ򣨶ʮģ
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334 ħ򣨶ʮ壩
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ħƺܶ࣬ÿһǰϵʥ˶ĸͬʱһԽǳضˡ
УͷʶΪһֱߣȥ
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335 ħ򣨶ʮ
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337 ħ򣨶ʮˣ
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338 ħ򣨶ʮţ
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Ҹǣ˭ҲӦħҪҪԱҶǣǽӳȥ㣬Ҿħ񣬽Щͽɱ
Ŵϵı飬жѾӴϵı鿴ԲڿЦʱѾڲƺˣ˵ĻҲԻ
ʱҲǼΪìܵģкڲѣ֪ˣǾͲͶˣڵ˼ҵĴӪһ㷴֮ûˡ
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Ѿɱ˹ңħʮһ˵ħеһӡ
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ϧôۣǵֻѡһһǻعħһҲûеѡ
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Ϊ֮ʣ۵ĴҲſۣĿɨһۣôǺûУ
컥һۣû˵
ð죬һҧԴѵûһأ
һ˵죬¶һĨɭȻЦ͵վҲˣŴű˳ȥ
ɫһ䣬һһ˴ǰĮؿиһĨмô뽫£ҪЮħʣ
û˵ԱߵҲӰһΧ˴ԡ
ʵȻǶǿȴʮһ֣Ľ£ֻҪ£Щħħʸ־Ͳ


345 ħʮ
ľٶ¶һĨмɫҽȻѾ̯ƣҾ׼
ܵϵı飬ȫɫһ䣬ڴʱͻȻ׶ùңɱȫɱڴˣϧһдۡ
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㲻ǴӦعħûҪٵˡΪһЦؿ˵졣
ʱͷð亹ôû뵽ֱǷӣһβķӣΪ˴ﵽĿĲֶΡ
ԭѾħŴٴαǿʮħʵƻ㼯һ̫ˡ
Щ֣еͷƤһ顣
ͬعħһħܲǿϢħɽ죬ħɽѪ¾ɽһҲһפؿռѺ۵
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ֽ˲ϵöѣҪЩ۹ԴЩ۹ǵľӺ͸̡
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Ҳͬ⡭
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ڷϳħԭеǣ޷ǾǰǣʵĴħС
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Щƻˣ͵ȸλĵ
ֻδգȴû뵽ûЩƻʵʩ꣬ͱɱˡ
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ǲ츳ߣҲħĲԲһ߻Ƿӡ


346 ħʮߣ
λһģߵħȻȥҲԼλϣкһԸİ취
ħ岢û̫ļƲߣһľ⣬໹ûħվȽţɱȥ
ҸǸõϢǻƳĸԶǣҪȻھͲֻѪ¾ɽֱɱˡ
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Цüһ壬Щؿӵ
λС㣬ǿǺ⣬ôأһҪ֪ħһ׶壬ÿ춼кֵܻܶýҲвǵצ£ǵʳ
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ҲЦٴһתԱȥοģרġ


347 ħʮˣ
һƭЦ¶һаЦĽЦΧģӣƲȳԷƣҪֵǣȻʶôҲ£ߡ
֪ĶȻҴҵ⡣ЦżˣһĨ̹⣬ۿ߹
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ӵľٶЦҲһĨмЦ
ȻڴʱͻȻһ羪һը졣

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348 ħʮţ
ҸղţһǳⲻǾѣŮҲѪȻˣŮˣô˵أ
˫һ˵ȷʵЩֵһص˿Ů˾ͺã̫ùˣòһŮˣǸйأԺֻҪŮ˳öôȣˡ
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һ鴤ĻȴǣղſǸŮ˵ջʱǵСܵҲӲˣҲһǳһ֮ҲղűţҲûע⣬ڱСһ˵ҲϽ
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349 ħʮ
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üͷһ£Ȳ˵ӰǷǺǵĻ˳Ҳûʧôȥħ϶Ѿȷǵĵж
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Ҿù˵еڲ˳һħĽֽ̲ǣЩ߱ضʧءʵͷ
Ҳͬ⡣
Ҳͬ⡣

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һʱ֮䣬һĳͬˡ
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ɶԴˣ׵ȴûһ취֮ǰһƶģֻʵӰȴԶǵԤϣ


350 ħʮһ
ͨѪ¾ɽٻԵߣҺã֮ǰôҳȥʱǾԤϵĺ٣ԴҷɢöÿһӶһʥӣһٻشҾͷ˺ܶࡣ
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֣ħ˵ĳǳ֪ħֲʵ⣬ȫʧɫɫòҰף֣ɫ䡣
СȮƺö˵Ĵּ̼ʵڻֻҹһ֮ܵģΪн̫࣬ôֻܿԼ·һЩԶطľӣҪһ֮֮ܵûм档
ЩӣǰѪ¾ɽħﵽħ֮һﵽڡ
ȫһһƨϣͷϾ亹˵ɫҲһƬҰףЩҲޱȵࡣ
ΪǶ֪СȮ˵ֻ֣ħħУģЩʵûдﵽ弶ħ塣
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һǳ嵽½ǺĲ룬߾ԶԶ
СȮɲ鵽ħιħʸֵж٣һصؿСȮħֲ࣬ǾӣǵǿһƴԷħʸҲ࣬һ̾Ĳˡ
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Ҫ֪ȫǿװеȻȲϵȣҲôͽץס
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ʱҲ嵽˴צ֮һ£İ򶼱˺
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뵽찵нңҺ֮ǰʵˣҪԼڵ鷳ˡ
ϵӰܷȫԼҲϵħ֮սյʤ첻Ҵ⣬ʱҲ˲ûָĿתؿŰա
յĴսԽļңʵȰ˵ʵȻʤ࣬ױţˣҲ˶ûй˼ɣһ㺷ηͨɳȥ֮
˫ĶսҲһЩ㣬磬˫צϴǸ׷ǳҲ˫ֽӴʱץҲֵԲ֮Կ
⣬İ߳򱻺ץˣ̶ԶղţڽΧס֮ǰĹע
󱳵ľ͵Ϯôβѹˡ
˲ȡֶΣƽÿΣһζ㲻ڱ֮󣬰󱳶һƬѪģ඼ܿòֲ
ܴشϢԱ֮ǰ˺ܶ࣬ӦҲٻˣҲû֮ǰޱǿƵˣֻܱķء
ɱ
һٴŴ˹ȥͬʱԱߵҲͬʱж˷Ŵȥô㶼ûеط
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ʱסֶһצӶ׼ԼԴȻԴҲͷȫһ
ʵ̫ǿˣһ㲻Ҳñ׳ա
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뵽ǿֲĽ˫Ȼ죬֮ɫ
ȥ
Ȼ֪ԼʱӳһҲʱҲֻܶˣһûԼȥôҲ㲻Լһ㲻Ҳ϶ٴܵشɱаա


357 ս
·һֱעŴսˣҲɫһ䣬Ĵ˸磬ҲƼҵ֧ʲô£Լȥôɺ彻
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Ͻ߰ɣǣǣ㽫ãЩΪұ𡣡Ӱᶨص˵䣬ڴǰԼΪǰࡣ
е֮ɫԽŨأЦվҵʵɧһ»УҪֵǣȴܡ
ƾǣɱһûôףٲãҲҪϼ汳Ǹûв´Ӧþ֮е󷨴ʦ
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һֻ̣ӰͻȻΪһֻצӣŴѪģĺ󱳱ץ˹ȥ
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ԣǲûȥֻҪһ£ǾܽȺ֮Ӱɱ
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ӹԲ򣬸ӦϢȷһԲֱӻΪ飬ֱʱӰ˿
Ǳħ壬Ҫԭǲ뱻ƿԼҪ񣬷һˣĵӣǾԲҽġ
ɼˣҲһֱܵģ侮ʯƿסҪǵĶøǣʱǿǰʯͷԼĽš
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ǲûлΪʱǵԣŲٵħ֣ǵľϲֻһûб߷֡
ӰһȫһӶޱȣħ֮еЩβ£󲿷ݶӡ
һץ֮⣬ȫˡ


358 սߣ
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˵ҩٻȻǰĸƵʱʵ˸ޱȣû뵽Ȼ˼ѧԨԴ
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ʵѪȻȲϰҩٻ𣬲һزҲһ̳ˡҲˬص


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ǿѲݵƷҲͬʵԽǿ嶴Ѩ֮ΪΪǿ󾫴ѲݵƷҲԽá
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˵ţŤͷЦ֣ħһȾף
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ʱת۹ȥʱϵĸȫվռҲڴվ档
ߵǰϵĿһһɨλϻҾͲ˵ˣֻҪһħ֣Ǿͳ׵Ĵħ塣
һ϶¶ɫĴ£඼δܹħ壬ԭƣȴĴ£ħ塣
ԼУǺεȵҫ飬ǿǧĴ°


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ΪʲôǱȱ˸ǿǧ𣬿ɲǧ֮Ҳǣħսȴͬʷġ
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⻰£·˱ǲǲǵСǾ˳
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һоֻҪѶԷ򵹣Ҫһ˽׾٣ʱô֧ǣΪħĴҲ˳¡


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һħˣǾͶ˲㣬Ҳ׵Ī䡣
˵ˣڴˣħҪ֮λЩħҲǷǳġ
мϵħʶһȥסĸħʵûа취ֻŤͷȥ֪һħˣ֮λҲûϣˡ
û˭ѡһ֧߶˲ͳħġ
ԣħʶˣĸ׺ǿ֪ģҲҪϼᣬֹû˭Ը֮ϣЩ߸ϵħʸ֡


362 սʮһ
쵰ֻҪǱƼǲԱġħ̲סٴһڿŭˣħŸȥ
мϵħ൱ʥʵʵδɱĸסǻûġ
ĸڱסˣħһ͸ղôƬ̣ǧħĸɱˡ
ɲȣɱħһ㣬һУгƬħ£ֱֲ̫ˡ
⡣
ͣ
ַɱͻȻһͺŤͷԱߵʵˣһصصǸо𣿡
оˡʵͷɻصֻ벻ףЩħ嵽Ǻ˭أ
ǵ˳ǱߣȫѲħڧˣ
пܣҲΪȻصͷ
ǴԽǾԽôģȥһ֪ˡһЦŤͷȹȥô£
ͷһΪһƬ⣬գ۱ʧС
Ƭ̼
ԭǡ쿴ħǾһʬɲȣ¶ϲ֮ɫ
ǹֱǲ֮Щħʸֵצӻĸϣܸɶ˺ʼ϶¶֮ɫ
鷳ˡһɫĵ
Ҳȫͬصͷ⼸̫ˣҪǵǹ룬ɱĹǣҪɱҲҪֽš
ⲻǴ鷳ǵˡһЦǼЩħʧټ߳ɡ
ô£ѵ㻹ܲЩʺؿ졣
ŴûܹǣʱһֽšЦǰԸǣڵʶǿȣҪԸȴ׾١
ܸһҵġ
Ȼɻ󣬵ȴûгɣʮ֮ξһԲȦ챣С
ó򵥵ڽ²һ󷨣нӡѸٱ仯ﻹͳĳš
𡭡
֨֨
ƽĸͻȻüϵϢҲҲñȸղֱ࣬Ҫһ㣬ħɱȥħһ⣬㱻ˣһǱʬɲһȭУӶըˡ
ô£ô£ħţҲоĸͻȻ仯ͬѰ
ãЩҪԱˡһħͻȻֵļħԣҲ˲ʲôתܡ
ϧһжˡ
䡭
ĸȻΪһɺɫʶȥ
Щħʸָܲˣ˲㱻׷ϣܶ൱㱻Ѫ⣬ֻħûȥҲˣһϸ壬ʹĺ
һĻõԶħֶˣ˭û뵽˵ЩֻҪǱƵ;ԲԱ
ղħǲǽǸǣסûнǱƵĵز˶û˵ǣôԱأ
ħڸֵɻͬĸﱬը˲䣬ʵ˾ͽĿͶ죬Ƕֻ֪û뵽Ȼĺ֣ͻȻԱ򵥾˵Ĳš
һ£ͽħڵĶʮʥʵħȫˣʣµЩߵʵʲô
Ҹʲôٲ֣ЩħɾˡһЦؿʵˡ
ѩ͊չ˹ӣ˸ϡҲ£˱ͬʱĺҲ˹һʱ֮䣬ɱ
ѩ͊ûսûħȸ֣ʣµЩħʣܵʵȰʮλʥĹ
෴ʱȴ쵣Ĳѡ
ʱɫûһɫ촽һƬҰףվ嶼΢΢زţͺеĻҶʱпܵһ㡣
һǰ߽ס°ɣ
صģû£ʶĵ̫أȥϢָܻŮ΢Ц
˵ˣϢһóһƿҩݸ죬Ȼ֪ҩָʶû̫İ̲ס˳ʲô
ӹҩ΢΢ЦЦ֪룬Ҳû˵ʲôҩȥȻ̽£ָ
ۣۣ֮ʵȫվǰһ϶¶ѹƲסľϲ
սΣЦʵ
ħʺʮħȫɱˡЦ֮ħ岻Ϊǡ


363 սʮ
һͷվ߰ɣȥˡ
صѪ¾ɽҲˣǱҲܵħʺʮħЩܵȫħһ壬ûа취ħһٶ̫죬ԲעͱǸˡ
˵һЦͻȻħսʤħ塣
һ㶣ϲؿʵӣħ廹нʮħʸأħʮ֮һĵ̶ûռ죬ôͽأ
˶ɻؿ죬ʲô˼
ħнʮħôʮʥʣЩħʵʵҲǺǿصġЦռħĵ̣ﵽħ˵ûжٺôռ֮Ҳá
ΨоԴǴ½ûеĿʯҩˣЩԺҿȥȡ˭ҵ˭á
ǲýЩħ£ǳΪһȫô
ԣ˫һħʵȷʵв࣬һڴȻħΣգѹҲǸĳɳ
ֱ½á
Ҫ֪½Ͼĵ̣Щĺ󱲣ֻҪһȥԼţû˸ǣȻ磬ȴ𲻵Ч
ħħɲĸ֮УǸĽ
ﵱȷʵҾûҪЩħʸɱˣԽ̫Σˡ
ǵˣܲСҲҳ֡һЦӰõϢʣµħʵǿҲʥʵڵѾмˡ
¾ˣһϱ֮𡣡޺޵ص֮ǰһΧɱħ֣ΪûʦУǵʵСʥ˶ʮֶһħʸץˡ
СһͷЦ֣þҪúףһ
û⡣ˬóһ̳ҿ̳ʱɢľ˶ޱȣǰٻҩʱ˶˫ۡ
һٶʥһ̳Ĺÿ˶ֻȵһСǺúƷѵһĺþƣҺʵѪ̳ټϺʯҧףǺúõعһ񫡣
첢ûȥѪ¾ɽָ˼죬ֱȫָ
ʱȥɱʣħʵҲһѪ¾ɽȥһʥҲȥһ룬սۼһôֵħʾɱ
ֻ˿ЦõǣҵЩħʱǾȻΪȨڶ
ħʸֶˣҲһ˳ǣ֮ǰСȮӰѯǽĴ㣬ħʣµħʸˡ
СȮû˿ĳɵؿ˵ҪԶ׷죬ħûһħʣʥν޼ɵѡ˵һʥɱˡ
ӰҲѡžβһ˳ǣ˵ﲻǾβһļ磬ϣԺﵽʵʵ˺ջصʱһȥ
ص˳ǲãϡű˳ǣĻһȺˣŴƷǳ¡أ½
ʼ컹ɻǸʲôֱҵʱףԭ󲻾ãǱȥռףͼױġ
ǵǿЦãѩǺкøеģˣҲʹӦ
˳ɺڼҴ˰꣬СĴߴУ½ԭֻԼŮ˺ͺӼɡ
κʵӦҲֻôһ
ڴ½йʮ꣬½ÿǳض˱飬ҵһڻʯСˡ
˴˵С޾գټϹ龫ֵӣӰеһƴҲŮˡ
ת۰꣬ʵһͻʥﵽһߵľ磬ڽİָżŮɺ֮⣬˶һСȮ⡣
ʱѾжʮŮ˼̫СģĶﵽʥɺЩһģԴѻ£ټָҲﵽʥ
ңʥ־нʮˣ⻹һνǿ½ԼĹ̺ܽϣ˵ĺȻУ٣ֻҪ췢֣ᴦúأԣǿҲûл
һжҪ쵣ģھ뿪
˺գһŮˣԼβһ廹СȮ˾ηĿ֮Уһ׹⣬ʧ
ȫ꡿
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