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ͻɱǧħ
½һΪ磡
һ긽½һү֮ˡ
ϹΪʦϹŴܹΪƾ˵ĵʶĻԵڳɾ۷塣
۴߱
塢ˡֵܣͳͳۣ֮Զ
ҿһԽγɾ֮·
ϲȢʮ˸ţǲǰ״Խһ𣿡ĳЦ


001 Խ磡
С졭Сء
һСĸۡдһŮӱеĿ
֮ҡҡͷ
СҶҵҶ죬ǰǻҶ챻˻ǸʱѾȫĴҲֻһֽҩҴ뿪ˡ
ءС죬ѰɣҪ㣬ɡ
ԺҶشϢһ£ԼһĿоԼ屻һ屧סˣоŶԷϴζ壬Ҷж϶ԷһŮӡ
ԴյıţҶǰʱĸоһƣ̲סĿ˼
Եĳ֣ڽرŮӶʱԼһ͵ĵƹ⣬ҶҲʼ˶Էӣ͵ĳѩ׵ļͿȥʮ˾ӣһʱžӨ顣
죬ˣ
Ůڵ÷ӦҲʼ͵ʱ¶˾ϲɫ
죡ˣ
ƺ̲סеϲãŮڴ˵ĽҶ챧˻
죿ڽ𣿡
ҶֵͻȻһǿҵĶĸоȴУ漴һڼźɫȳѪҺҶ˳Ҳڴ˵˻С
֪˶ãҶƵ˹ʱķѾǿһˣŨҵҩζȴӣһ֮Ҷ΢΢һԴԳ̾Ϣ
û뵽ȻԽˡ
ҶЩЦãڻУļҲѾҶںһ𡭡
½Ϊ𡭡
֮߳Ϊޡ
ʵߡʿʦʦʡۡʥ
ҶңҶ죬ҹᣬҶ
䣬衣
һϢʼŵӰһҶԺлԷֺԼһⲻ֪ɺϻˡ
Լ˶ԭ֮Ҷüͷɵ΢΢һ壡
ҶļУԼļԭǿ󣬵ʱƣȴʼ
ǴԼһ״ޱȵȻ˵Ҷĸ׽ҪıһУȴѾˡȱǿѹļѾΪһ⡣
ǰҶΪһοڽǺܺ˷˶ԼҲΪ˵ĳֶԼˡ
ε鿴ȥʮֵͨΪһڽϵִǳֵȴǻҺܼҵӵܣеè¾ֵûˡ
ı
Ҷ૵ĵȴҲ˵ĳһǿҵΣУԼûĻЩԼҶҲƸһưոݵģԺԼ˵ܵ˵衣
Ȼ˵Ѿָ˹Ͼܵص˺˼һʱ֮ԴٴεĿʼѣĸоҶ컺ڴĬĬ˼
ҪǿЩ֪û֮һưոݵġ
ǰҶûиĸһ˵ޱȵ
ŰɣЩ˺ҵˣһǺ˺ҵľģ
Ҷ¶ޱȼᶨ֮ɫ˵
Ǻǣ뷨ǲģȴһһϦͿγɵġҪ߲Ǻѵġ
ͻȻһ
˭
ͻҶжʱһ̲סĴ
СӣСֵĸҾڣ
ǸϵٴεĳˣһȴҶСԷĿƺʲôˣҶ첻׳ŵ˵
ǹôҵڣ
Ҷͬǻǹһɿ
һ漴ҶоԼ΢΢һȡ
һѩɫĹâһƮ˳ҶǾޱȵıУѸٵ۳һҵ塣
ܿһ뷢ףµ߾ӳҶǰ
㡭
ҶҪ˵ȴİ˰˵
֪Ҫʲôһ°ɣ֪Ϊʲô𣿡
Ҷһ̲ס˵ѵΪԵʣ
ĵ˵ͷȷʵΪҵԵʣ㿴ϡ
Ҷԣ漴ٵƿϵĳ䣬ֻһöɫӴʱعԼϣ͵ƹ䣬⣬һĵĹͬǻһţ
ö
Ҷʱ˵
ϷϹʱڵߣΪͻƿʱ߻ħΪܲסڵԱˣȴ˽öУշת֣֮ǰһֱϢͻȻõ˹ɺӴ֮ҿٵĻָ˹ų
ߵĽ֮Ҷһҵı仯ǹ֮Żسһԭˣ
ĵ˵ͷ

ǺܿߵĻȴٴεһת
ϷأΨһźûдеĵӡ
˵ʱҶǻûзӦĻ˵ɵˣֻѸٵĴӴһĹڵϣ
ʦϣԼŰݡ
˵֮Դݺݵغ͵˾ŴνӴ
áܺãӾȻҲ˵ˣð
ʦղ˵ҪߵĲαȽϵʱΪʲô
ҶղӵĻ֮󣬲˵
ǺǣҪıǽؼԪΪãеЩڵļ򵥣޷ĳɳ
Ҷĵ˵ͷļУԺеĹͼĴڣǿĹֻڴԼ߼ԺвŻõ
ԺϰֻͨһζؼԪ۵еĺ٣ǸʱĹȽϵĻ̫ˣΪͼĹĶҪǿҲŻ˵Ҫɾ͸߲εľǺѵģ׵ٶҲޱȵĻ
ҶԲɵż˵
ʦҸȥأ
ĸ°͵ĺЦ
Ǻһ㲻Ҫģһָ㣬ʵܿģṩ㹦㻹ʵϲȥ𣿡
Ҷɫ΢΢һ죬ԼղŵǸȷʵЩ
ٺ٣ʦ൱ķġ
ڽʱ򣬷дһҲ漴ٵҶԺԲ˵֮ĽɿԣҲԱⱻ˷֡
ǣʦ𡣡

ȻǵһμҶҶȴû˿ͻأоѪдҶоޱȵС
ףˡ
Ҷ쾲˵
ɫ԰׵Ҷ죬Ҷ̲סıס
ӡҵĶӡ
ʼɫᶨҶʱ߳߸ߵĺԼĶǰ̲סĿ
ϵҺ壬Ҷвݺݵشһ£ڼԼĸҶǷ鶼ûпһεȴ̲סĶɼԼǶôĵǡ
ףҷģһͽ㵣ģ壬Ҳһٴεķģһ
ҶзᶨĺʱҲڵÿʼ뵽½УĽԼݡҶ죡
ٷҶⱲӳԹĵһΣ˷֮ҶȲ뿪ˣʱ˵ޱȵġ


002 ת֮
صҶᶨޱȵ˵
ʦҪǿʦҡ
۵дޱľġ
ӵӰٴεĴз˳
Ǻǣ͵仰ˡ
ӵϱ˷ܣ˼һٴζҶ˵
ĹнӴֹǧ٣ЩǶʺ㣬ҴȴڸһΪ׼Ĺת
ת
ӵ˵ͷ
ǵģ⡶תһִԴﵽ޵칦
ﵽ˼£ھ
Ҷ˵
ȷʵ
û뵽ҶôǿӲɵÿĵЦ
һҹʱڴжȹˣ⡶תȻǧ֣ȴᣬκεһֶĪ
峿


һײҶ˹߳˷ʱȴһλڳһ޴Ĺ̶ȴֵľǰýźݺݵߴš
䣬ˮϵڶԷ˦
һ֮Ҷ̲סЦ
ڳľݺݵŵĲǱҶ졣
ȻոյĻָΪ⸱СµĻ൱Ļģ˺ܿҶѾоĻָѾȫʢʱڣǿʦ𣬻ҪϵŬҶһ㣡
żϴʹпʼǿҶȴһϲʹд͵ĸоѾܵһĨůʼԵΪĿʼԼ֫ɢ
תתĻ򣡡
ӵ˵
ҶаشӦţҲʼĬתڿʼʱůƺһֻСһ㲢ܿƣҶĲϼǿָоʼ𲽵ʧůƿҲʼ𲽵
΢΢ĶˮĻĿҶоԼΧƺ˲ʧˣֻԼǰľ׮
ĿůҲʼ𲽵֫ϵʹҲů𲽵ļ١
֮£Ҳ֮
ĬĬظſھİҶѾԽĳС
ɫ΢΢һһȵĿǰҶ죬¶޷ŵɫ
Ϣǡ
ǺεȵΪһǧص꣬ӶȻޱȵϤղҶܵеʱе˾ȣǵٴεĸܵʱȴҲסˡ
ʮ
Ӳûȴûмһӵţ
ɫ˺ۿʼ𲽵ʧ֫ԭϺ˺ҲѾʧӰˡ
᳹ȫѾʼ𲽵ĻָϵˣˣһĿʼˡ
ӵϱʱѾ޷üˡ
һ峿ʱӹȥˣһҶĺʼս֮ҶҲԼ˫Ŀ
Ѿ
Ӽ˵
һҶɫʱı仯
ʦ˵ģ
ĵ˵ͷ
ļҲԷûκεĸ߼ȴڵһתȷʵʺת
ȴһ㣬ǿҲڵһεбӵģ
ڼҶٴεĽḶ́
ڵľƣҶҲ΢΢Ķ˼£Ҷȴûȥһ㣬žдʹҧļţ
صԪϵҶڣʼʱȻЩɬ⡶תȴǷǱѰյԪ֮󣬱㿪ʼµ߷ʽʼϵشš
ڵԽԽ׳ҶҲԽϲΧѹѾԽԽһɼ翪ʼҶԴתڡת£ǿµٶѾΧԪγһʵʵ״̬
ҶԡԪİΧ£˺Ǳٲѹһ㡣
ǿֲҶɫû˿ı仯ΪԭʼԪ̬˫΢΢ȴѾ͸֫ٺӶ͵໥Ļ
ŨȲϼǿڵÿʼ˷ӦǱǳֳ״̬ʼڶѹǰ𲽵ѹ𲽵ļ
꣡
䣡
ϵĴӵﴦ
ǡȻôѾʼˡת״̬Ŀ黹ں棬ҿǷֵܹס
һص˵
ν֮ҶʱȻĶƽϿʼþҳ鴤һ¶Ļ߲ϵ۵ϳ鴤ţˮıŽȻʱҶų޷ʹࡣ
һµԪѾʼԽĳǿʼ𲽵ĳܵҺĳ̶ȡ
ҶĵشԽԽԪѾʱ𲽵ͺһӣѾװˮȴһֱڵˮûµĻˮ޴йֻҶͺǸڵʱԪȴڲϵע롣
֮£ٵأ֮£޷졭
һĿھҶԺУǰʱھѾ˲°ٱ飬ʱҶȴһĨµ
״̬£Ҷ쾹Ȼ˿Ĳ˵״̬ӴԪٶȣĶٵЩԪʼ֫ٺд
һԪϵ׳һ˿һÿһļⶼûзŹ
ˡ
һĸоʼҶгˡ
꣡
˫ǿҵ˶һӡҵĦſµ
߳ҿ
ըһŭ֮涼Ϊ֮һ¡
Ǿ֮ҶȴݺݵµɫҺ塣
߳գ
ûȥϵı仯ҶٴεĴ
ĽΧԪѾǶ״̬˳ޱȵıյڡ
ɫҺѾԽԽ٣еζȴԽÿһεҶоԼԽɼ֡
ž
Ҷָһ󼱴ٵ춯֮Ҷȴ¶˿ĵɫ
ʦҳɹˣ
ûνĺ׳־ûκεĵ֮ɫҶ˵һ΢һ㡣
ǵģɹˣǡ㻹ϴһϴϵɣ
ӵɫЩصĳ鴤
ôʹﵽ̶ֳȡٶҲ̫ˣ


003 ͵ţ
žžž
չһԼĽǣϴˬͨУҶϲɵ¶һĨ֮ɫ
ʱ䲻ϵ࣬ҶѾԽԵĸоԼڷɿĽš
ү˿ˣȥ
һŮһĺ֮ɫĿҶ죬СѾͷΪ汲ҶҶ൱Ϥˣ
֪ˣ
Ҷص˵ͷشţȴٴεĿСѾͷһĿԼƺ̽ʲôһ㡣
ôˣ
û
СѾͷҶ۹֮Сһ糺죬漴ɿˡ
ô°ǣ
ҶĸԼ
һϵĺˮҶٴεĳǴȥ
ʱĴѾ֮ͣҶϲɵñޱȵı䣡
ˣеһλҶ쵹൱ϤΪһԼĵʦ£
ȻԺĵʦʵȴһ߶㲻ϣܹԺҲȫƾԼһ죬ǻûû֡
ˣҶû˿ӡ󣬵ȴж϶ԷԵĲԺеĵʦϾԺĵʦʶģ
Ҷ߽֮󣬱վ˸Ҷû˵Ǻܺһܡҵ߹һԼҶΪʲô
ԼѵϢһֱûдȥԷ֪ء
Ǻǣ죬ƻðɣ
Ҷ漴ķ̵Ц
ԭʦǵѧưԼĵЩ𣿻ǵʦ˵ûԺĲ˸оŭأ
ԣϲɵڨڨЦЦȴЩ
СƽԼ൱صģô֮ȴӣѵ˵֪ǹܡ˳ֵ𣿡
ͶѾĳ̶ȣȴŻĳۣԵúǻ󣬴Ҷ֮Ǳ㲻ʱĴŶԷϵ֮ɫû˿Ρ
Ҷϣ˵
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һֹסµĽܣ߹˵
ǻҵʦүأһμȫΪ˿һ¹ӵΣҶɵʧǻٴαʾǸ⣡
Ȼ˵ޱȵĶʵȴˣһĸ߰ͲмʲôǸӡ
ҺܺãȻ˵ܻĳЩʧҲӦѾҵˣȻ˵ĻǾذɣ
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û뵽ҶҶ쾹Ȼ˵Ĳӣѯһ䶼Ƿڵȴһ֮漴Ц֮˵
ҶҵĲҵνǺܴ󣬶ĻƺҶҲ֧ټĲҵڲķ棬ҶҶѽ֧ȥˣǰǴܡҼ˼ܻҶҺβϵһ𣬹ͬľӪأ

һҶɵúݺݵĴϣϸ¶˷ŭɫ
ߣôЦһ乲ͬľӪ㲻Ϊ⻰ܸЦ𣿡
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һԵĽزм˵
ҶڵǶ˽⣬ڸ޷֧̫ʱ䣬ܿټĲҵû䣬ֻҪЩҵľӪȨұ֤Ҷһٴεķҵ֧֣ǵͲҲԽĳ㣬ѵ˵ҶͲΪһ𣿡
α
޳ܣ
Ҷû뵽ϾȻ˲ҪˣҪռ˵ļҲȻ˵ȹûʵɡ
ߣأҿܻҲΪҶѰҳ·ڶҶҵĺ·ɣҶҵʲгʲôĳɹ̴ʵ̫˵㣡
ǣҶ⻰˵ĿҵΪܻ֮ҵ˿ɶΪҶ룬㲻мҲͰˣȻ˵˵Ļѵ˵ΪܻһںǵССĲƲôҲȫǿĹϵϣϾǰεļܻҵĽڵġ
ΪҵʦүȷʵĶ֮һֱǿ˵컨׹
Ҷû˿Ķҡ֮ɫڵ⽭غͿԵ¶Ϊ֮ɫȻû뵽ھҶ¼֮Ҷҵ̬ȾȻ˵ļ
Ҷҵһ䣬Ҫһ飬ɲһˣһҶүҲֻһ⣬ҲȽϺã´Σֺ˿ɾ˵ˣ
㡭в𣿡
Ҷ쾲ؿſԵ˵
ߣֻڷȰ̸вҶǲĻǾѡ
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Ӵ㡭㾹ȻҴң
һĶ⣬Ե϶ʱĳһޱذӡ
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ǰҴ㣬Σ
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һŲϵҶĸоԽǿ
ûнĶ㾹ȻҴң
䣡
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
һǿҵĦĴ˳ʱҶͬǷһĳԵĶһȭһȭĻǿֲǿҵĦ
סס֣
ǰʱһֱҶԸģΪ¶һһֱֵܵ裬һڵеŭʼˣ
Сң
ֻһǿ˶ٵޣҲѾ٣ѾﵽΪҶĶ֣˺ܿҶȭ֮±ͷѪ
˰ɣɱ˵Ļֻ˵Ҷֻ۸ЩУ
Ҷ˵
ߣ
Ҷĺһ֮󣬲Żס֣ʱĿѾ˵ϲϵزдҶӵǷ׷׵洫Ĳҽϲɵ¶ɫ
ܻҵˣҶҵĳԱһֱͲô
㡭㡭ðҶ죬㱻ԺˣصԺ󣬴㶫ϵĹԺ߼Ժʱ쵽ˣûԺ֧֣ҿ㵽ʱô߼Ժ
ǡ£㻹ǲݰһΪһССĵʦԾһ𣿸οǣҶƺȫʸȥټҰ
ϸҹ
ҶɫƵ֮ºͽؼæļǱѵ뿪Ҷҡ
˻ΪҶ֮󣬶ԷһҵԼ˭֪һȻӡ
ԹҶ첻мĴ˸ڡ


004 㡪ˣ
û뵽ҶҾȻ䵽̶ȣ
Ҷк֮¶һĨɬĶҶ˵
ףİɣֻҪڣҶһģ
Ҷ۵ϣһǿҵ֮ɫҶɵصҶļ
ھһ֮ҶдøǿҲʼԽĿÿ춼Լıˡ
ʱƣҶȴҲʼԽǿ
һ֮Ҷ컺شԡ߳Լķ䷽ȥ
ҶҵĸۡĺܴҲˣϰ䳡Ҷķ仹൱һ·̣
žžžž
СǣȻҧңѵ֪˭ҿҶҽеļǿˣӿĸ֣ܼѾӴкˣܿ죬ӱҪȥܼЧˣ΢ļ澾ȻҲҪܾң
ߵ·;мʱһſž˳ǿзĻһȹ
֮Ҷɫɵ΢΢һٵĳԴȥ
ܿһҶѪҺʼڵľǰ
ֻһλ⽡׳ҸߴޱȵӴʱһ֮ɫĶǰŮˣ
˫ֲϵڶԷĽĸţǸۡĺ԰ū֮⣬Ȼ޼ɵĺܡ
ŮӲҶҵѾ˭
ʱΪ˺ԵʣһۺɫĳȹѾ޷ȫڸסһ˵ļˡ
ڿ֮ǵЦԽǿ˫Ŀе̰ĿŨĿ£
ٺ٣ҶѾ۲˺ܳʱˣÿ춼ʱǺ԰˾ˣҲҶ˵ʲôģʶĻ͹ԹԵңӻˬһѣûĿͷԣ
ҿðɣ˵ܻôô͵õϢԭĶĹ
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Ҷ٬ϸ˵ϵĳΪϡ
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û뵽һޱº͵Ҷ쾹ȻԼĶһʱϱһƬ̺ռˡ
ȿȿȡҵ˭أԭСӣ
ӵ֮ϵĻҳһĲмη֮ɫ˵
Ҷû˵ֻ˫Ŀ΢΢
Ҷ֪ΤׯԭһޱȵΪһɽҩʱ򣬲Сˤˣ󱻸Ҷˣ˻
ΪһеʵһֱΪܵӡҶչе֮һˣȴҲѰļģҶУΤׯʵҲǽڽڵΪֹȻûдﵽߵĳ̶ȣҲѾԶˡ
Τׯǰɣû뵽㾹ȻҪҶңҾȻȱ飡
ū͵ݣΤׯҶŭ֮ϲû˿ĵӣ෴ǻһֵӣ
УѣҶӽ㣬ӾǱҶôˣܼѾҿֻҪ뿪Ҷңϱ󲻵ĺôڵңҶңߣҶƨһѾ˿˵ļҲǴ֮𣿡
Ҷ˫ĿҪгһϸߣһƿֲĺȴԽֻʱҶͷΤׯûп
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Ҷ쵭˵
Ҷ㻹ǸӰѵ㲻֪ѵĵܼҼȻҪңֶܲܿȥɣߺߣҶǸŮ˵ζӦúܲСҾ㣬ȻߣҲҶҶô͵Ĳɣ
Ҷᣡ
ԼĽ㣡
ҶԴ̧ʱЦ˫ĿеıâȴѾγһĿ£
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һ˪Ҷ죬Τׯô׳գҲ֪ǰ꣬ʵѾǰǸͨСˣһԽ޽ӽʵ׳һȭɵ˻ͨС
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ΤׯϵĲɵһ䣬˵
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Τׯһ޷ţǴʱȴҲû˺ڵĻᣡ
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Τׯڵ֪Ҷٶ֮Եʡǡˣ

Ŷ̵ڵϵ֮Τׯ˫ĿҲɵĳ鴤˼֮ı


005 عԺ
ʱڲ֪йȥΤׯҲ˱ҶҰԴˣеҶȴʱš
ϵ֫ٺӿ˵УһůĸоʼҶӿ

˫۹ע֮ͬһ㣬ſıÿһ֮ߵľ׮Ͽһ
ҶĶԽԽ죬ΧĿĿ¿ʼγһ޴Уľмʼ
߳
Ҷٴεŭһİŭ֮ľмʼص

һ֮Ҷֹͣת˿ɫ֮ҶͳɴһԼϵĺˮ
ղҶһԺΪԭȭȭ
ıǸޱȣǰҶķӲȭһֱûжȥᣬڴﵽߵʵ֮ȴޱȵǿ
ʦʲôʱҲѧ
Ҷޱȵʵȭӵƺɫ˶ĻѧҶ뷨ѾԽļ
ͿԽˣʱҲʲôѧʺ׶ʹá
ӻش˵
ٴεĿ˿ɫʱѾΪȵʱ֣˵Ҷ漴ϴһ֮Ҷҵĸۡ
ҶûϢܿı㴫ԺҶұ˻ϢٴεĳΪ۵ص㡣
ҶԺ֮󣬴ԺԱǲɵóҶ۲ѣѾﵽ˶ʮĳҶ˵ЩСƨǻûʲôȤ
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ֵܺҲ֮һҶԴϵоĲҲǱġ
ȻѾ֪Ҷ컹ŵϢܺȻû뵽Ҷ쾹ȻĻеصѧԺС
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ȻִҶ쵫ܺȻɵûзϣϻֵɵı顣
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˵ʲôҶ΢Ļ쵰TMDľȻ˵ĺ˵
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ڵҿɲǰҶˣ
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ֻܺĽһӷȥĻǼʯԵĿԽܺݺݵش˵ġ
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Ҷû˿ԥڶԷǾֵɫУƷİס˶Է峬ѹ

ޱȵĽͬɱһĴܺʱѾޱŤŵĺˮϵشϵ
ǼʯѾ뵽ľջУǾջΪĵطкʹĲλ˵ĳܹܺܵס
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Ҷ컹֪ܺľǸխˣԼһôĳ׵þô˵ġ
ܺ⻹ֻǸʼŻҵһ


006 ԣ
ܺϢܿı㱻Ժ֪ˣڿҶг˹֮⻹п
ܡǵİȻܡҵӵҲԺеԣܺ³˻ǻܿĵģҲ֪ҶȻһڶѵܺǶԷԻᱨġ
ϾԺУ˳صĵطûڴڵǰֵĻԺ˰滹ҪģԺһյʱҶҲûܵκε˺
ܿһյʱһֹصƽйȥˣƽԺѧԱо˿¡
Ҷȴû˿ĵǣѧԱûܹﵽ߼ĳ̶ȣһȺСС޻Ҷע⡣
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ҶԳЦԲƽģһȺСƨûʲôνļı˶ԷҪĻֻϣǰڵʱҶûѧѧУеĶŹȻǼġ
ȻϾŵʱһ춯洫˳֮ҶҲ漴¶һĨĵЦݣ
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СٶȻܿ죬ǺȽȴǲԶˡܺסˣҵķÿǺܸߵġ
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Ǳ˵Ǹ߸ϴڵ˳ʱҶ쾹Ȼû˿ķ֮

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Ҷ쳯Լ֮󣬻ϲޱȲҰҲǷĽߵܺȽҲò˶١
ʮߣϢʵֲ̫ˣʱҲѾʼԽĺȻ֪ҶΪʲôͻȻ˵ǿ󣬿Ǽʶ˶Էǿֲбֶ֮ȴѾʼޱȺ
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007 ҩ
ŵϵˣҶϲɵ¶ɫãҶѾܺͻԴƻԸӣ˼ԺҲֻһӰ׳յˡ
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֪ԼʵŲߵĳ̶ȣҶ컹ǱСΪԭСǰ
ݡ
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ǿеĽԴعȥֻԭԼļһʱһĿԼУһذ׿ȥ˵Ĵۡ
ΪΪʲô
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ӼǱܡҵ˿ˣҲΪܺͻõĲ뵽ⳡУɵҶĿȴǺС
ص֮󣬴ʱѾ˯ȥˣҶĵҲûκ˵ע⡣
ӻͳԼõһӣҶ첻ɵЩϾһӣΪϧȥɱӵĻ飬ȻӵļֵѾǳ
ĸźӵͻȻҶо֮ķɿĳ֣ҶԴʶᵽһߡ
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ǴֻʹҶвɵаԵĴңԼʶĶܣһɫĹâ¾ͽԼԴ䴩ˡ
Ǻǣڼס˰ɣԺӵһҪСССģΪһССʧͿܽɥʧ
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һöɫԲӾطںС
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ҩ
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008 ۷壡
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µľʹʼҶ岻ϵشÿһε𶯶ܵһĪĿꡣ
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ŭһݺݵسžӰɨȥǿȥޱȵĳ侹Ȼµĺݺݵش˾Դϡ

ľŸԴȴޱĿŶԷĽ޴ʹſһµһĳ˹ȥ
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Ǽ֮ŭӵ﷢˳ĳ֮ǾͷʮֻвɵñЩٶǺܿȴָƽֻ̬Ҫ˲١
ҶҵĶⶶƵʲϵӣͷĻӰڵÿʼ𲽵ʧˡ

ӼŭһڵþͷĻӰһǿҵĶ֮һɫĹâУֻǾͷеʮֻȴݺݵؿһۣƺεı۾ҲʼԽԽСȫĹ̶Ҷı
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ŵԪ£ҶɫȻޱȵԲһĹ
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ʦÿһԼǿģ˶ҶĽԵĿģֻ˸ղŵһĻӵȴҲؾ費ѡ
ƺͷûʲôģҲὫԼµԪעڣΪʲôأ
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009 Ѫ˺
ʦѾﵽ۷ʵƷߣʵƷ
Ҷһ˷ܵ˵
ʵԽǿ󣬶Ҷ֮ԼԽаҶȻʷ൱ĵġ
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쳣ûа˳ĽףöҩЧƺҲڿʼʱȻЩۣǺܿıˡ
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似һֿ񱩵ĹֶΣΪѪ˺֡Ȼҵļ㲻Ϊǿģȴ൱ʺڵͻ֮ǽеһɰԼйеĹ൱µġ
˵֮ӵָҲİҶĶͷϣӵ΢΢һ£ҶҲֻǸоԼԴһʹʱһϢԺС
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ҶЦĴӦţȻһҹδߣΪͻƵƷĳ̶ȣҶľȴǰδеĳ档
ɫոյһϷʵ̫ˣҶ΢΢һԼ˼·֮һ·֮߳ᣬʱвٵԺѧԱˡ
ҶҲֻ΢Ŀһ֮ûκεķӦһȺСƺҶҲûȥע⣬漴ٵĳԺĺɽȥ
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ǵĶܼҵΧʱûе峿ܼټĲҵһЩū֮⣬ƿһʱ𴲵ģǽգܼȴǵƻͨ
ܼҵļҵվڴС
Ż߻ӣǵɫȴޱһµıžŭɫ
ҵվһһλŻɫ۵ӣٸ߳ͷ࣬˿ȥ൱Ĺ죬һͷҰɫĳҲȥĹء
˱ǻҵļ졣
ȫѪޱȵıΪȫļⲻʱĳ鴤µĻ˻ǻŵġ
ǱҶ쿴Ļһ֪һǱԼ˰׳յĻܺ
֣Ҫδĺã
ҵߵĻ˵
û˵ֻ˫ĿȴֲĹâȻһĳ˲ĳʡ
ϣ
ͣ
Ǳĳ֮һĦҲ˵Ĵ˳
Դӱ
ҲҪһӵĲҪһɵӡ
ҵɫ΢΢һ䣬û뵽ԷȻԼҲĳ֣
ˣܺȥҽΣ
ҵĻ֮󣬻΢΢¶һĨмɫĶҵ˵
֣֪ǷĹ֮
ҵ𻺻ϣĺһڲŻ˵
ңղѾõϢܺͻڵزԶ˵ѪȻҲȴûʬ壬ܺȴ˺üʬ壬ɴ˿ɼЩ˵һϵ
˵ͷ
ƺûʲô˵ҺҶԿʲô˾Ȼðķա
Ҳֵĵط
ʱߵһλƺ뵽ʲôǻҵܹܻǻҵֱϵѪ⻪أ
᲻ҶҶ֣
ܣ
ҵԥ˵
ҶûʵЩ˵ʬҿˣǴﵽߵʵҶҳҶ֮⣬˸߶㲻ϣǷΪûɵģ
ʱһλܼҵӵȻ˽ɿܵҵߣĵ˵˼仰
Ϊ˵Сǻ߾ȫҲԼԼˡߵ֡
֮Ļɫȴı仯


010 ޣ
Ѫ˺֣
ɽУĺȻ
һޱȵӰïܵĴѸٶĴţּ֦͹ľ̸ûиԷκε谭
£ֻӰȻͣһŸߴ׵ľ£΢΢֫ļⶶָޱȵĻһֻצһ㣬ޱȵĳץȥ

Ǵִޱȵͬǿĵһ㣬ָͬצû˿谭ı㱻ޱȵץһ󶴡
ȣ
һȣֻӰ˫־ȻٵĻĲӰİΧΧһһĶѨǿеĴ˳
ⶴѨĲϵӣܿһŸߴ׵ľȻµȥڶԷµһ˲䣬Ӱȴޱȵһ߶㿪
վߵһϣһܵĿ޳ɹҶ۵Сϲɵ¶һĨϲɫ
һҲ֪Լ˶ٵĿ࣬Ѫ˺ִϿǿ񱩣֮Żᷢеķ֮ǶôĿ¡
ǿ֧£Ѫ˺ѾĽС˵Ľ׶ΣԼý׵ƣҶ첻ɵ˵һʱǱ̬֮
Ѫ˺֣ʿĴڣҲһ֮ˣ
Ҷ૵ĵŽӴѪ˺ֵʱ䲻ϵ࣬ҶѾԽĸܵе
۷ƷľѾ߲εǿ״̬Ȼ˵һܵʱҶڿޡתڵӵĵǲ٣ֻʿĵȼһֱûеõͻơ
ʦҴԼжʱͻƣ
Ҷһ촽ʵ
ʱڳ˵ҲصģǶҶ˵ȴ޷ӻʱÿһ춼ޱȵ
ٶѾҵֻҪоģܿıԴﵽʿĲΡ
һЦ˵뵽ҶһֲľͷǸоһĪĺ⡣
һҪŬ
Ҷ첢ûΪӵĻԼڽʱ򣬱Ҳڽǿкܶ࣬Լֻǿʼѡ
Ŭ
Ҷ˵
ԺжѧԱǵʮֵĿأϾԺֻһڻѧĵطֻҪһĻǲŲȥʲôҶʱȴûʲôȥԼ
ԺɽУ
һͬһٲֱ£ǼſֲˮйʱıŽŹâ
ٲһӰԵޱȵԣ۵ȴҶ졣
ʱٲµһʯεվţ³ŽţʮŷʯԵ
ϵļѪܷĶţϣޱԵļҲڻضš
ǿǳ޷ٲ֮һƲã˱ᱻǿˮȥҲˡ
ǴҶıȴԿĳʱѾٲ֮ʼһĵֿ֮
Ϊ˾ȵȴǣҶ첢վھʯϲģֻ˫ͬͻһ㣬ˮĻţХ֮ϵӿǿֲӾͬٲлһֻͻһ㡣
Ѫ
һ񱩵ŭȻٲĴ˳ֻһֻ޴ѪȻޱȵĴٲ˺Ѷ
ǿޱȵĽٲֳ롣
ಣ
ƿĳ֣Ҷ쾹Ȼٵķ˳
վһʯϣҶǽ׳΢Ĵ˫ĿҲ
סԼȭͷҶڵ¶һĨЦ⣺
ڵĿʼʩչѪ˺ˡ
ͨһµ֮ҶҲʼᵽѪ˺ֵǿ֮
˫ֻذڿУ
ָ΢΢
ͣ
Ħ֮󣬵ɺĹâѸٵı

һХֻ֮ΧĿռ侹Ȼٴ˵춯һһֻ޴Ѫɫ޻ɿĳ

ͻķ˳ΧٵĻǰһͬСɽһľʯͻݺݵ˺ѳʯ

˵
ȫʦĽ̵з
ҶѵõĶƨ
У
ƨȻǶڴ˵ð
һµʱٴεĻصԼУҶ쾹Ȼһĸо
úõϴһ֮Ҷ컻һµĳۣų΢Ľո֮Ҷ첻ɵȻʧЦĿԼٴεĳɳ˲ٵ塣
ȥúõسһٰɡ
Ц˵
ʦֿһһͷţ
ҶԼ˵


011 ۣ
߳ᣬʱʱѾˣϡٵҶȻƺԺÿһεϢʱ䣬вٵѧԱʱѾѡ뿪Ժؼҡ
ǻؼҰɣһµʱ䶼ûм׺ͽˡ
뵽˼ˣҶвɵһůůĸо
ͻȻʱһĨϤӰҶУӣԼĽҶ˭
ǺܿҶɫȴʼΪҶߣһλһĴ֮ɫĳҶᣬ˵ĸߴޱȣҶ᱾ֲޣܹ˶ԷΧвٵѧԱȻһΣȻȥֹڿ֮ȴͷ
ԺеĵʦʵԺǱȽϺĴڣϾܹССԺܹﵽʿĳ̶ȣ̶ֳȷʵǱȽϵǿˣʵȻǿ󣬵ȴޱȵϲɫϲ޵Ůӣ⹭챾Ҫ뿪Ժؼҵģȴû뵽ȴҶᣬȻ֪Ҷݣڿ˶Էޱȵ֮⹭ʱķޱȵı˳
ڿ˶Էǽ֮󣬹ֱŰĸоʼͽ
ǽŮ˴ȥһ¸һֶôõ鰡
뷨֮漴ҶһĻ
Ҷ᱾ҪһµܵҶ죬˭֪ƦӣŶԷһԻҶϲɵԽĺһĨŭʼǽϣֱŭȴޱøӵ
Ů˰
ͲסеָɵޱȵĿʼŶԷǰϸ˹ȥ
ž
һֻȵص˶Էǰû˿ԥİס˶Էָ

һȻĴ˳һӰٵĳŹǰһţ
û뵽ڰ·ɱһֻ·һʱɵñĴ˳ȥ
⹭֮ΧϵĲɵ¶˾ȵɫٵѧԱǿϳ˳֮ˣ
Ҷ죬Ҷ찡
ǵĳֵҶ죡
ҶıסҶᣬһ֮ɫ˵
㣬û°ɣ
Ҷ¶˵֮ɫĿһԹĶҶĹ
Ҫ֣ǻؼҰɣ
ҶԸޱȣҼҲˣ˵ԼˣҲȥֵĺͶԷ
ûµģ㡣
Ҷİο漴ٴοһѾվĹɫޱȱ䡣
ҶȴԵľ費ѣԼղŵһſǼԼ߳ɵȻ˵ûжöٵǶԷɫȴû̫ı仯ɼ⹭ʵȷʵޱȵĿֲ
ߣҶ죬Ҫʲôĵʦ㾹Ȼ͵ϮԼĵʦǲǲԺˣ
һĺݶ֮ɫ˵
⻰֮Ҷ컹û˵ߵҶȴæ˵
뵼ʦҪǸᣬ뵼ʦҪȥ
ҶһİӣջȴջĲˮҶӴޱȵĵǣ˵
ߣŹʦ͵ϮұĴûԺǻᱻģȻˣҴдߺߣֻǲ֪ҪεĲأ
˵⹭ҶĽѲ̰ӲԶ
ӹ
Ҷĺ˫ĿѾ¶ޱȿֲɱ⡣
ۣһƬƬǳ˲ܽӴۣ֮Ҷ˵˱Լۡ
ߣҶ죬㣬û棬ʶĻŮ˺úõ棬СӲ֪ôĻһ޷Ժ
㣬ȵһ£һȥ
Ҷ찲ο˵
Ҫ¡
Ҷżޱȵ˵
Ҫģ㣬ԺҲѾˣİɣд㡣
˵֮ҶѾ̲סĳŹ˹ȥ
Դ⹭̰ҶѾ֪ˣԷǲŹԼĽģǶ⹭ѾˣֻҪԼŮˣֵģΪʵʿĳ̶ȣʵǿǲһѵһٵĻԺʲô顣
Ҷҵǿ󣬾ʹչһΰɣ
ݣ
뵽֮ҶѾһ
ߣȻҺʿҶ֣Сӣ㻹ǲ֪ССޡ

Իû˵꣬ϵĵ֮ɫȴ˲ʧˣֻҶٶͻȻӿ죬һֻƿٵȭĴ˹ϡ
ϴѹвһһﲻʿǿߣˣھУ˫ȴݺݵڵһ̤

һ֮徹ȻޱȵµȥҲѸٵ󵹷ɡ
ΧѧԱϲɵ¶˾ɫ˵ĽȻոյĿʼǾյϢȴѾޱȵŨ


012 ˫ʤ
֨֨
˫΢΢Ķ˼£һ춯˿־
ߣȻѾﵽߵʵСϴεʱصĴһ֮󣬲ûȻʵô࣬ߣʿʵ߿Աģҽ֮ٺúõصһ㣡
һ֮ɫ
Ҷɫ΢䣬ȴҲһľޱȣû뵽ԼĽȻԷ˹ȥ
ʿʵȷʵǿ󡣡
Ҳʱ򣬹ȴʼ
ž
ĶжʱĴһ̶Ħ

״ǿеĶҲ漴Ļһ⿪ʼĳŶҶ˹ȥ
ĶһɼĲͬˮһ
ƿٵתγһټԲȦ
ͻ
ҶһҶĽŲٵ̤Ҳޱȵ˹
ÿ죡
ɫ΢΢һ˫۳ҲٵչƽĲĿҲ漴ת
ͬһһݺݵغҶи˹ȥ
һķӦÿ죡
Ҷ첻ɵþȵȴ¶һĨЦ⡣
˫ȭ
ʮָȻٴε쿪һһ˲䣬һĨŭƺҶб
ͣ
˾ȵʹ˷ˣֻҶƾȻޱȵĴһĨƣٵĳŶԹץȥ
ң
ȫû뵽ҶƾȻԼи
ȴ֪Ҷ졶תȻʱ䲻ȴҲѾ⹦𲽵ĹעԼС
˺ѣ
˺ѣ
Ѫ˺ʱֵķӳеص㡣
ͻԸǿ񱩣ֶα˺ѣ
ĹȻҶʹõĹصȴ಻
ͻһɣ಻ļѪ˺ҲˣҲΪԣĹ޷Ҷһδ಻Ľ

Ҷĺȵָͬͻһ㣬ݺݵſݺݵ˺˹ǰ
꣡
һ˺ٵ֮


˵ϵؽڵײ˵岻ķֿˣ
ʱΧѧԱѾޱȵĿǰһУԭԺֻеʵҶʱȻԺĵʦһʵǰĵʦ൱
ʦˣ
ֻ˭һʱҲˣڹǰһɼץڻ©Ѫ
һѿ֮ɫĶҶ죬˫ĿԽԹ
쵰Ҫ
˵֮ĶԽҪҶأ
Ҷû뵽Ѫ˺־Ȼ˵ǿһֱ˵˸߳ԼһȼĹ
ԷǷ֮Ҷȴû¶κεĵӣɫһηӭȥ
̣
ҶĶٴεı仯һָȴøӷͬͻſԼһ㣡
ͣ
ǿע˹Уһֻ޴Ļͷٵ۵Ҷϣ
⡭ʲô似Ժиûнϰ
ҶԽԽǿƺɱ⣬оȻ˼ĳ˵ӵ뷨ƶ˵ޱȵĹؼиޱҪãҲˣڸܵҶǿ֮⹭Ҳ漴ļ

Ҷ΢΢ĶɵĶ˶ԷĽȴݺݵش˹ĵ֮
ŶԷһҽУҶָȻĴ͸˹ĵ
Ĵڶ˵ޱҪģһƣʱǹȴڵﱻеһ˲䣬ϵײ֮ɫȴûмԽǿ
ҲҪ汳
˵֮󣬹ȻԼϿٵͳһ̽ݺݵسԼĵﴦȥ
ͣ
һʱҶƱԷĶԼĵﴦ
ܵԼһǿҵĴ֮Ҷ϶ʱ¶ޱߵɱ⣬ԲȥѣֻΪȭݺݵش˹Դϣ

ҹ
һҶǱסֿٵȥһĶ̽Ҷĺݺݵٴδ˶Էĵﴦ
ۣ
ޱȿֲһѾעҶȫ
һƵĹ̲סһѪ˫ҲûȥҶ죡
㾹Ȼҡҷң
һ飬ȫҲ˵ʧ˹ܲŭ
û°ɣ
һԵҶῴҶƱ̴ˣҲ̲ס˹
û½㣬ֻǴһƤ
Ҷ찲ο˵
漴ڵԹޱȵĿԼĹҶ첻м˵
ߣԶ
۵ޱȼԺдš


013 
ķһҳ飬ҶϸϸƷζŸղԼϢص˼ѾʱˣʱҶҲûȥԺ
ҶҲȥϾȻ˵һԼռǽԺеĵʦ˷ҲԺԸġ
ҶԼѾԺˣʮȻȴҲûУ˶ҶȻĲȥϧ
һıҲΪһżȻȫΪҶɵģϾһ߳Լһȼǿ߶սʤˣֱ漣
ƽĺͳƣҶжڡתԽʱѣֻ˵ƱѾָеǿ̶Ȼǿɼһߡ
Էˣ
Ҷһ֮ɫĶҶ˵
һͳԣ
Ҷͷе˵
Ǻƺûлش
̧ͷҶᣬȻԷڵһݺݵؿԼȻǶԼĻشǲ
ٺ٣ԷԷ
ҶεķԼеЦ˵
Ҷû˵
ߣ֪֮鿴顣
ҶȻ뵽ԼѾٵĳȥˣˣԷȹҲȥʱģΪ㣬ҶһֱԼȫԼϣǶԼȴٹġ
㣬ǳ극֮ȥְɣ
ҶҶ˵
ȥ֣ôڼҴˣȥҲãڼбɵӡ
ҶῪĵ˵ĳҶҲǶġ
Ҳ̫ڴԵʣ˵Ҷܿĳ˷Ҷ߳˼š
ȻһСǣȸСȴҲȫܵƷڽֵ洦ɼ
Ҷһĵıı·ţҲֻʱƺҶűֳԼϲӡ
ĵҶᣬҶвɵ¶˿ĵɫ˵ĿĶҶ˵ȴֵÿĵ顣
㿴öӺÿ𣿡
ҶֵһöӵĹľӶҶʵ

Ҷĵ˵ͷ
ǺǣλǺöҵĴ֮Ϊ
öͭԪ
ҶĴСੲݵĽܣֱӵ˵
öͭԪ½ĽǮȼԪͭԪԪԪԪÿһֶʮƵĻ㣩
С˲¶޷ŵɫƺû뵽ȥޱŮȻɱ֮ݡ
⡭öͭԪʵ̫ˣС㣬ٶʮö
Сƶ˵
ö
ʱҶһλĸһ㣬˵ն
ʮöˣ
СҪˣҶ˸һ㣬ֲֿɱѹҪסˡ
öˣ

СŴ
ߣ
ҶѾ˵Ҷ˵
ðɣö
û뵽Ҷ˵߾ҪߣСڵķһޱȵĽסҶᡣ
Ž㳯Լһʤ̬֮Ҷ̲סĳ鴤һ£
ɱۣͰ
ʱһޱȺĵҶĶߡ
öҪˣҳһöԪ
û뵽·ɱһҧҶɫʱıѿ
ֻһλźɫȹŮһĿˣߣһλ§ŮԵޱȵİ
ڿһԵ֮ҶԺȴһĴʡŮҰޣ
ŮȻ㲻ǼƷǷ˫ǰȷʵһ˵ζټҲףϻһŮȴ͵һͷһ㣬ֶ䰫С
ŮˣҶȴðΪԷԼĽȽϲ̫ԶˣҶоԼŮ˶ʼųˣ
˼öѾˣ
Ҷ˵
ڼҶ֮϶ʱ¶̰ɫȷʵǺҶȽϵĻʵ̫ˡ
λС㣬ҽнǮǽҵ䵱յ
ҶȻûпĴ磬ȻĴȴһŮ˿ԱȽϵġ
Բǲʶ
˵֮ҶСͳöͭԪҪȥȡľ
˵ˣöľҪˣСһöԪô
һϱԿĳѾȷʵʺһְҵӣ
㡭
Ҷ᱾ޱȵˣԸĶ֡
㣬ɣ
ҶİסҶ˵
ʱĽǮſһߵҶ죬ڿʼʱѾһֱԼעҶϣȥעһԺ·˼һڵҶ졣
ڿҶ֮󣬽Ǯԭޱȵķȴ˲ıôԭͷޱȵķǼҵĶ
㡭㡭Ҷ죡
˵ǮѾʼޱȲҰ
ʶң
Ҷ˵
Ǯ磬㻹ʲôϽİľҪ
ǮߵС椱Ҷ˵⣬ʱ򿴵ǮЩɵôӵʢ
ž
Ǯүү
ǮҲûıС˦һǶ⣬ֵĽе
㡭㡭㾹Ȼң
СȻû뵽ȻôԼ

Ǯûһ䣬󹧾ޱȵĶҶ˵
ҶãҡԺˣͬԺˣҳȥˣûҶչĳ
ҶʱѾӦ˹Է̬֮Ա仯֮죬ȫΪ˵Լʵ
Ҷʵ̫ǿˣԺͶ⹭ˣҶ罫쵰ֱԺĴϲԺҶ飡
ѾੲݵӣҶмܲסĸо漴ĵ˵ͷ֮󣬿ٵץӴæ뿪


014 ֮
ǵһ걻ֵ֣
Ϊִϡ٣Գ˺ٻ
λñȽϵƫƧ֮⣬ΪŲٵޣ½еһĴڣǵǧٹ֣ʡϰ߸Ǹͬһȴ޷ӵġ
޵ʵޱȵǿ󣬴ӵͼ߼޷ΪһżԽϣԽǿ󣬶ɭΪ̾ᣬȻĺ˻
ʱҶȴڷĻԼֱۣȫϵվһӲľʯ棬ͷ϶ٲµĿֲĶš
ԴӺ͹һ֮Ȼƾų䲻ĽԷ׵ˣǴӸԼʵò㡣Ҷصɭн
תעϵ
ϵļвϵرǿд˳ȪˮѹƣҶѹҲʼ𽥵
ʼ𲽵ĹעŸ
ž
Ĳʱʯһص
˫΢
ķӣ
һشҶĽ˳ٲˮȻ޷ɢ
Ѫ̤죡
ҶȻŭһϵĻɷ֮΢΢һðʱΧĿдһֲĲ

һĻХ֮Ҷ徹ȻֳޱȾ˵ı仯ֻʱȫ·һֻɻһޱȵĶٲǿѹʼϳȥ

ڴﵽٲм֮һȻм䱬˳ҶҲ漴˳ȥ
䣡
ݺݵˤٲµˮ̶֮ǿĳɵ÷µ
ۣ
ݺݵǼѪ˿ı̶ˮҶЩǱߵ˰ϡ
ǲУѪ̤ʽÿʩչؼʱǻ̲סķ
Ҷ˵
ѾҶĵڶˣԴԼ֮ӱ˱չص״̬˵ҪҶһµƻ

һʯϣҶ΢΢ĴϢڵڸղŵлھ˼֮󣬲Żƽ
Ѫ̤Ѫ˺ΪصһУĿƺԼϵĸֿơ
ҲѪ˺кԽΪʽ֮һ
ˮ̶óЯĸ⣬Ҷ΢΢ҧһ֮ٴε˼˸ղŵһУ˼Լʧܵԭ
ͻȻʱҶȻһϵĺëѪӿҲѪı仯ޱȵת
һޱȿµĸоڶҶУǿҵѹͱĸоͬǱһµĶħסһ㣡
Ҷɿվ˫Ŀˮ̶ıǸ۵ĺɫɽΪɽǱٲıԵڵסˣҲˣΪϵֲֿĸоҶĲῴԷĴڡ
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ǰ棬һֻѩɫڷɿǰţӵӱѰȱһֻ۾һֻĿޱȵڶԷüļ䡣
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016 ɱ
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018 ɱѪ
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ļѾЩǣڿʼʱ֮ѾԼȴû˺ԼǾʹһԼ֪ԭڣҶڶģڶԼжǷȷ

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Ҷŭ֮Ȼγһֻ޴ޱȵĻͷĳѾڲϴϢѪȥ
꣡
޴ĻͷֱӵĴ˶ԷĲޱȵҧѪĺϣ
ء
ѪݺݵָҶ죬ȴѾ޷ȥ˵һ仰
꣡
ҶĿ£ͷĽԷԴҧ
ѪԴ𽥵Ļǹʧ֮ѪȴѾΪһͷʬ壡
ûжĵҶв档


019 ޣ
Ǻǣ
ӵȻĴ˳
ʦˡ
Ҷ쿪ĵ˵
ո㿴İĵӴչǺǣ
ȻӶҶĳɼ㡣
ʦΪʲôҵġתո⹦Ϊ죬һ춼ûдﵽڵƺĲϼѾһԴԴϵĸоΪʲô
֮ϲɵ¶Ե֮ɫ˵
Ǻǣܹоһ㣬˵ĿѾ˸ˣָоΪ棬һΪԵʣغģǾͨޱȵĹעУһΪ⡶תӰ졣
Ҷ첻ɵ¶˷֮ɫ˵
ѵ˵⡶תʲô֮ͬ𣿡
ӵ˵ͷ
⡶תΪʦһɽŶѰģʱΪʦѾʮ䣬ȫʧȥΪؼĻƽڣŹ֮ȴΪʦΪеĵһ֣ԺΪʦͨ̽ͲѯŸף⡶תԭϹŴ֮ʿĹϹŴޱǿĴڣȻǵļѾˣǹǵĴ˵ȴһֱûʧգ϶£ΪʦⲿµģȻǺͨĹǲͬģҸΪؼ⡶תںκεһԹ֮󻹿ȥĹӵǿ󡣡
ҶԽľȻ֪⡶תͬ죬ȴû뵽ǿ̶ֳȡ
ѹʱҵԵıԷҪǿĶࡣ
ҶԽ˷ܵ˵
ȻôõĻᣬһҪúõĴﵽһĳ̶ȣĵȼʺϼϣҲˣŲ߼ȴԺʿǿ߽а壬ﵽ˵һ֮ʿǿ߶˵ѾΪˡ

ʱ֮Ҳޱľ׽ʳﳯɭ˻ȥҶȴûȥٿһۡ
һƺ㡣
˼˵
ôܣ
ҶЦѵĿŶԷǾ޴Ӱ˵
ܼң
ʱҵڴУ˫Ŀ΢΢û˿ı飬Ǵʱȴ޷ĿֲϢ
ܼҵĵڶȨߣܼҵĴܹܣܲɵһϣ΢΢ĶţŴֲֿϢ߶ʵûдﵽ޷̶ֳȵѹ
ܹ£ˣ
ҵش˳Ǵеҵ֮󣬿ٵʧ

Χ˲ʧ֮ܲɵﲻɵôڴϢϵĻ֮̿ɫԽ
ǡǵģѾˣ
ܲɵʼѵ˵
ߣȻ˵Ļ˵ΪʲôѪ˵ڻûлأ
ҵ˫Ŀ¶ζ֮ɫ˵
ͨ
̲ܲסһӴϹ˵ϣ
ǡҴˣ
ܲɵɪɪĹڵϡ
Ǻǣˣˣ
ಣ
ҵһѸٵܲɵߣ΢΢ԴܲЦʵ
Цݵҵܲɵ巴ԽҵһصԸǱһ٣˵㻹оȣԷǳЦʱǾ˵ʱѾŭŭˡ
ҡңҲҪǲʿǿ߳ȥ׷ɱҶ죡

Ըոյ˵꣬ҵ˫ĿͬһĿɲһǿҵײֻҵĽ¾ȻһƬСѷ졣
ǰڵ֪Լˣ㾹ȻҴҵ壬ѪȥǸɭ֣TMDѵ֪ɭд𣿶޲Ҫ˵ʿʦС
ҴˣҴˣͷҰɣ
ܲɵԴϵڵϿţ˲ĽǰһƬȾˡ
ҵǿֲϢܲɸû˿ķء
ʿǿߣܲɣҸεĳͷأ

䣡
һǿޱȵɭֵ˳ǱӰɿĴïܵĴ˳
ӰҶһֻޣֻ޵һֻճСһСȫѩɫë
ϿȥһֻСʨһʱһֻȭͷСĵһԱɫ۾ײϵǱĹâ
һȺ޺ƺƵķǿҵһĳҶ׷˹
ɭбûоľ࣬Ҷֻʨһ޶൱˵ĺܿ߱Ѿ˶Է׷
ңңŭͼ̤Ҷ첻ɵ΢΢һ
Ҷٴκݺݵضһߵֻޣ
СףͲٸ£˵ϲ޵ĵͳ԰ɣ͵ҲѡõĻְڵǺð͵ˣҸƨɡ
Ҷ΢΢Ϣ˵
ౡ
ΪС׵ļһĽĵӵ˵ϣ˿ʾĶҶ졣
ƺԿһĨ֮ΪӵĹ
һֻССޱţҶ켴ƤٺҲɵһ죺
ȻˣҰƨɣǵô
˵СԽıУҶĽȭͷСĵ˵ϣȻٵĴӻͳ˸ֵĵϡ
ֻΪС׵ޣҶһżȻĻ·ֵģʱڿĿã˵˹
βСһҶ챾ûκεĽ䱸û뵽ǶԷٶȾȻԼѸ٣˲ʱ̣Ҷ쾹Ȼķ֣ԼеĿ⾹Ȼʧˡ
Ϊһο¼һʶˣҲΪϤĹߣÿοޱصҶÿζǱ䡣
޵İ£ҶٶҲɿĽţΪСһȫһɫëҶԷһ׶֡Сף


020 ߼ѧԺѡ
ԴҶ쿾һö޵֮С׶ʱĶ⿾İã޵ĵкдľҶҲĺͶԷֿʼ˴ҽĹ
Լǰһɲ˰̣Ҷ쵭˵
Ѿ뿪ҶʮˣƺҲѾҪǸ߼ѧԺѡεʱˡ
νĸ߼ѧԺѡΣ½еһֽݵıÿֻҪûгʮԽ
˵Ժ޵ĿʼǸ߼ѧԺһ˷ɻڴḶ́
߼ѧԺǿʦĹ򣬴ĵҩֻҪڸ߼ѧԺбҵˣ϶Ѿﵽʿĳ̶ȣǻʦĿܡ
Ҳˣÿ궼дȥǰȴ൱ϸҪûдﵽʮϣҪвĿ飬ϸ
Ҷ˵һεѡʱҪģֻҪԼܹΪеĹھҶҵؽҶԺؽҲҪã
ŴССĸԼֵɣĿǿҲֻܡҵˡ
ҶҶ϶һԼҪֿҲˡ
ʰԼϵҶǵĳɭ֣ڽ֮ǰҶҲǣһɭе֮ҶѾﵽǰδеĸǡ
ÿʮžһεĸ߼Ժѡ½չģ˿½еһ׳ˡ
ԴҶ챻֮ҶԱԼĶԽ߼Ժѡεһ𴲣ȻԵΪҶ첼úƥ
ѡεĵصǵĹ㳡ġ
¹˥ȻҶҵ˶Ҷ˺ϣҶܹһεıдʣֻҪﵽѡεı׼ǾʹҶԽ߼Ժѧϰǰ;Ȼǲġ
ҶΪҶ촩ԼַƵһɫۡ
Ŵϳ۵Ҷ죬Ҷ¶Цݣ
ҿʱ򽫳۹ļӳһЩڿպúʣҵĵܵѾ˴ˣô˧ү֪ļҵĹұǼҵء
ҶѵõĴȤ˵
㡣
ҶεĽе
ҶԸƺʼԽԽˣѵõĿЦ
˺ڳİɡ
Ҷһ֮ɫ˵
ƥҶвɵЩƥѪ൱Ĵ֣һд£ûĲȥǣҲóҶԱһԺѡεӳ̶ȡ
Ȼ㲻úܴ󣬵ϵ㳡Ҳһβ̵·;ūͼԦһСʱʱֹ֮ͣ
㳡һ·̣طʱĵطʮֱֳеʿǲϵ߶
һλֱֳе׳ڿҶҵĳ֮󣬲ɵ˫Ŀһ̰֮ɫĶҶҵūͺȵ
³飡
ٵвʱóһƷԷŵԷУԵıǲȻطǱһȺ˸ռ
ȥ
Ҷε˵
Ҷոյ̽Դһ㴫˳
ӴⲻҶҵļôʱ氡
ҵĹܼһվڶԷߣϹЦݡ
ߵǸȻǻҵļ졣
ߣǰ
ʿһ֮ɫĶŻ˵
롣
ǺǡҪǮ𣿡
˵
ٺ٣Ҫ˵ǮأܹС˵ңҲֻȡһЩСĹ·ѣҿǵĴ󻧣ǿɲ
ܼңͣ
ǽһİŻٴĺȵ
Ҳһĵ֮ɫĶӵ˵
ܺãҼҼġ
˵֮óһĴӽ˶Է
裡
Թ裡
ҶҾȻҪ裬ҶĶʼ
ףϳɣߣ
ҶҶ˵
Сӣ˵ʲôǮߣû·ͨ

һԵĻŭ
󡭡ˣ
ĺȵ
ôĵӣҶҵļ㾹ȻҶ̬˵Ķӡ
ȻȥڰҶʵȴԷ
ԷֱǵԼԼӡ
ҶҲ޷Ⱥ˶Լ׵ˣɿĴӳĶӾһš

ôĵӣԺıǴ½кʢ£һСС߾ȻҪıȡ棬ҿǲζˡ
Ҷֳ֮󣬶ʱΧ˵۹Ҳʼ仯ν֮ҶȻˣҲͨ˿Աġ
ùӱҶһ߿֮ȻһӵԹޣȴҲҷй
ߣҶѾûյķˣҲһЩСݺ˵ģ˵أ
Ҷ˫Ŀбĺ⣬оȻ̲סһӺ⡣
ߣߣ
ԼַӦ첻ɵޱȵͷŭĺһ֮Ҳû˸ղŵֵ⣬ٵĴԼ뿪
ǸСӲǸ򵥵
ڳϻһĶŻ˵
ǵģղŵһſɲͨ˿߳ģһʵǰƺҪǿĶ࣬ҿûдﵽߵĳ̶ȣûһεıСӿ϶ʵģ˵ɲһ¡
ٷ
ߣߣôɾͿԴﵽġ˵Сսʤһʿǿߣ֪ǲġ
첻м˵еķâҲٵ˼¡
Żҵ뿪ҶҶ˵
ףҲ߰ɡ
Ҷ˵ͷɫղźÿࣺ
ҵĶһȡúõĳɼʱҶһǺڽ衣
ҵҶдĺ
ڼ͵ļԦ£ٶҲԽԽ죬һյʱ֮ٴεͣ
û³ʱһ㴫˳
ڳ棬Ҷ͸׵ı㿴
ʮһȵĸ߼ԺѡιȻ˰
Ҷ̾˵
ҶЦ˵
һҪɣԼʵһԵġ
Ҷ쾲ص˵ͷȻ뽫Լʵ˵뻹Ƿ˵뷨
ڱʱ˵ĻƺãԸһľϲ
ߵʵμֱٷ֮ٵĿͨҶҪȴǡһ


021 ɸѡʼ
˳֮ҶٴεĵһղڳпĲһȴ൱㳡ˣ㳡֮ȻǿģҶȴ֣㳡ƺСһЩ
ڲٵĵطӵ״̬
ӴⲻҶҵļôҲŹӹۿ𣿡
һλŻĹ󸾻شӲԶ˹ʱһλͺҶꡣ
Ҷüͷɵ΢΢壬󵭵˵
ԭǻƷˣû뵽ҲȤۿ
ƷѾ꣬Ǵʱζǿ̱°ͺ˫Ŀȴʧɫ˲١
ߣֹǲιۣҿΪҵĶģҵĶӣһֱڼλʿĴ£ʵǲЩɵĳԺѧǰС
ŮҶ첻ʶǴбԿóһܻһ·ɫ
Ҷ΢΢һֶۣԷ϶˱΢¶ĵ㼡Ҳǳ˱С
ڿҶڿԼʱ򣬶ԷϷɿ¶һĨмɫ
СڱвҪңûҺԼղס֣һȭˡ
˵ʱٴεȻһԴʲôһ㣬ЦѵĳǸ˵
˵˵ôˣһصɸѡ¶˰
㡭
Լ棬˵ˣҶɫʱıѿ
ҶˣΪƷ˵Ĺеڸס촽˫Ŀȴгһߵ˵
ҶС˵ĻɲҪġ
Ҷ쵭Ц
ǰСӵĻ˭ᵱ氡Ӳ̸֮⺢ȱģŶˣȱǾûиŶôأ
ҶǺ˵üͷȴ⻨Ʒ˲ץ
Ҷȴ֪⻨Ʒ˱ԷͲٵĹϵԼĶӣ֪˭ѪҲ޷õĳϣҲҶһȴҲصĴ̵Ҫ
ߣߣ
Ʒĺһ˵
̰ĿһҶ֮ٵĸ˶Է뿪ˣ֮ǰȴҶһĨӵĶ
ҶҪµҪܴŬһһҪõһЩ֪Ķ֪ҶҲǺ۸ġ
ҶҶЦ˵
¾ҪвˣһҪóõˮƽ
Ҷϵ
Ҷĵ˵ͷ㿴ǹ㳡ҪλϣڳԼɵЦЩ˷ľܡҵˣʱָԼҶҵ໥Ľš
ҵҶȴһĨ޵ĳɺͷȻǶԷѾڲ²Ѫ˵ԼǷйϵ
ҶаԵЦѣ
ߣʿľӢܼǿ󣬵Ҳ۵ĺü˯þ
飡
飡
һĺĴ˳λŻ˻ǹ㳡еҪλá
Щ˺ȻǸ߼Ժļ࿼ˡ
Ҷ찵ԵĹ۲Щˡ
Ǹ۵ļһʵǿ󡣡
Ҷѵ
ָҶҲ漴ĿǸˡ
һȥʮӣȻѾԲ˿ϵȴҶ˵Ϊǿһλ
Ȼ˿Ҷġתȴ׵ıо˳
Ҷڹ۲ԷʱλȻҲ˸о΢΢һ࣬˫ĿͬһݺݵسҶ˹
ž
ǾͬʵһѹҶĽȻѿ˵µѷ죬ڵѪҲһķڲѡ
ÿµĸо
Ҷµ˵ҿֵļʱûղŵѪ
ڹ۲һȦ֮󣬶ԷҲûҵʲôطԾ΢΢ҡҡͷ֮󣬱
ɽ˺Ĺ㳡վ˱ĳԱҶӲͻûжٵעҶ컹ǸоһһֱһֹصԼ˱ҵ
ѵ˵һϿʲôɣ
뵽ת֮֮ͷ
Ҷ컹˼ʱͻȻһǿҵ𶯻ڵ
ڴҾޱȵУ̧һһ˸ߵɫߵ˹㳡档
ǲԵĹߡʯ
ʯһֲǱʵһֹߣȻڿʼʱɫģֻҪĴһȭֳ֮ȻɫĲͬʾɫҲǲһġ
кɫΪͼģǼͨҲԴӻɫʼһʼı
Ȼϣֲͬɫ
Ÿߵһ£Ҳź˶һĿʼʯļֵ˵ĲҲʮʯѡ
λԱָ£ٶȴǷɿ졣
ɫɫҶӹ
һλӴЦҲ¶˵ɫֵȴɺܵʺĽ
ŮҲˣŮ
ôŪģ˵״̬ܺǳɫЩ궼ʲôˣ
ɫˣɫˣǿ˰˭ҵĺӡ
ٴεһµĳ̶ȣҶ˫Ŀ΢΢һƳǡһޱȵ͸֮߰ɫҲ
û뵽һﻹЩʵ
Ҷ૵˵Ǹ⻨Ʒ˵ĶӣʱĻƷҲޱȵĵ⣬ϵسܽԼĶӣҲٵĸ߼Ժ࿼ҲʼƵƵĵͷ

ĴѣϾʮŻһΰʱĿ̫ˣҲ˵һһӻҲλᣬһλѡ
ԹȻϲޱȣ̭ߴشޡ
һλҶҡҶ죡
˶ԷĽ֮Ҷĺȵ
ǣ
Ҷ컺سʯȥ
һ˲䣬Ҷҡܼҡҡǲٵ˶ʼע⵽Ҷ죡
ϳ˹صЦݺͲм
Щ˵ЦݣҶһĵ˵
Ȼ˵ĻǾͱ¶ɣ룬ܿҵʵٴεߵһµĲεģ
ߣ
ѾҪȥˣ
Ҷһֿٵȭ


022 ϲϵĲԣ
Сô°Ǵ򲻴򰡣
ӵʱӹȥˣҶȴһδͬǵһ
Ҳ˲˵Ĵߴ
ߣΪСӻʲô˵ıأҲ˰
ҺܼҵһЦ˵
Ҷϲ¶˵Ǻͽɫ
ʲô
һߵļ࿼Ҳͷ˵
СӣǺµĻԲ򣬲Ҫ˵ʱ䣡
ҶЦЦ
Ҵˣ

˵ұۿ磬һĶ


һǿޱȵĴ쳹㳡ڳеĹ㳡Ȼ˲ıðֻһ˲ıϵ
ɫ
ɫ
ɫ
ɫ
˵񲻶ϵţǲٵ˶ʼ鴤
ž
ҵеıӲıݺݵˣϵ֮ɫ˺Ŀóʱ൱Ĳˬ
ɫ
Ҫôǿ
ѾѰ˿ġ
ѵ˵СѾﵽߵĳ̶ȲɣǹһԼ汾´ܵģ
Сӿı˰ɣûڵѾ޷ٴߵɫɫ߼ĳ̶ȲſԴģһﻹߡ
Ҳڲȴޱȼᶨ˵
ƷһűѾʼŤΪԼĶΪǿģû뵽·ϾȻɱһͷ࣡
ɫһԴﵽɫˡ
Ҷ찵Ե˵
ֻҪһȭԳΪ㳡ϵĽ㣬ʱҶȴˣΪܡҵĲ²ӡ
ߣ°ɣʹĲ°ɣǸʼǸӵľȵģ
Ҵˣ
Ҷ쾲ضѾ˵ļ࿼ٵ˵ǷƵӺԼһô΢һ㡣
ŶáãҶҶɼɫ
̨ϵļλ߼Ժļ࿼Ƿ׷׵ĵ˵ͷҶ쿴λ۵ҲԼ˵ͷ¶ɫȻԶԷʵԼ
ܹܵסջ󣬱ԼʵΪԼһֵսбƣ˺ټοĻһλ꣬ӵĺ˵־ƷҲѵõ˲š
ܿĲٵļ࿼ٵҲ¶ԾԾԵı֣ȻǶҶѾ˲СȤ
Щ࿼Բͬĸ߼ԺҲΪ˷˲ţܹΪԼԺȡ˲ţӶ׳ԺʵΪԺµѪҺһҪ顣
ɫɫܾܵȻɫ
Ҷ¶˿֮ɫ˵
ҿˣСû뵽Ȼﵽ̶ֳȡ
ҶϺο˵
ҲҶҵĿٴεţ
ҶѾ¶һĨĵĻߣ
ʱĲڼҶĳɼȴһֱûбԽ
ɣѵ˵ǵһӹĳΪ˵һɲð
Ҷ찵ԵľǱ֪Ҷ뷨϶ᱻѪ˶һҶ췴õһ
ɫˣ
һҶ˫Ŀٵ΢΢һɫװһ֮ɫվԼĳɼû˿⡣
ʯȴǳɫҲݼŶѣܿȴָɫ
һѾߵıԵ֮ͿԵߵĳ̶ȣڵľûȶ
Ҷ찵Ե
һĹâٵĳҶɫװ꣬Ӻǿȴһһ㣬û˿ůо
ܵ˶ԷǿֲҶ첻ɵóŶԷԹϲЦݡ
ԷȻû뵽Ҷ쾹Ȼˣһʧ֮󣬲ŽӲޱȵĶҶ˵ͷ
һﻹ
ڴҶûиоʲôУлΪĵġ
ɫĳֶʱ㳡ٴεĳһθ߳һζҶҲ׷׵䵽ɫװϡ
ʡĽȵȵ񲻶ϵɨ䡣
һľƺѾ˴
ҵĸָϵĽָߵһλʮ˾국˵
Ȼʮ˾ӣɫȴޱȵĲҰףûеĳޱȵ˺ѵøС˱ҵĶӣҲΪϧĴڣΪ
ߣҵʵĲҪѵ˵ϵǼ𣿡
仰֮ҵϲɵ¶һĨȵɫ
ʦǼｻ𣿡
˵ʦʱ򣬼ҵҲ¶һĨɵͿ־Ĺâ
ϼһѾȥչˣⶫҲòˣ˵ˡҿߵĴڡ
ҵԴŭɫ˵
ɴˣҶǸ궼ľУǸСӾȻԴɫĳɼӦѾﵽ߱Եĳ̶ȡҶ˵ѾսʤʿǿˣȻ֪ʲôҲ֪ĶǸӵĲСܲɳȥӢʿѾɭУȻĽǿޣҵȴǸоԾ
м˵
ףΪһδӴﵽߵ޿ԵֿʿĴ𣿡
⻰֮ҵĬˣΪ֪ǲܵ飬һλҲпܣλҶǾӢʿǱȵ컹ѡ
ǹҲսʤǲֻһոմﵽʿļһˣο类ɫͿ壬ܹӳʵܹﵽѾѵˡ
Сĵĺá
ҵĵ˵ͷļ˵
ֻҪ˺õĳɼܼҲԻø档
˲ԶĻңٴεЦֹ˵
ҵӵֱ࣬ϵѪȴѾļ٣ܿҲܼ֮
˵ʱҵϵ֮ɫҲԽŨ
ܼǵӣԶҶȴЦ
ǵŰɣվԽߣˤԽݣһ֪ҶҾԵĲܼȳ̶ȿǵġ
ΪʦҶѾԽԽˡ


023 Ҷҵ˷
ڳĽУ꣬ʱѶʱɸѡΪЧʣ൱ϸѡεĳɹڵһصʱᱻˢʮ֮˾ţҲ˵һյʱѣЩҲֻܻһǧˣȻıʣµǼŻõ߼ԺϿɡ
ȻΪҪĳԱ
ףղŻıǲ뿪ɡ
ҶȻ°ȻҶϾǸŮӣһʱѾʼ¶ƣ֮ɫټҶѾȡ˺ܺõĳɼȻҲҪϽĻؼ˵˵ͷ˵
Ҳãؼң
ʱҶѾʼԽԺֻҪȡúõĳɼҶ˵ǺϢ
ҶҵĳӴʱѾڶע⵽ˣһ·ҶЦݲϡ
ھǳڴʱҶɵһ֮ɫĿҶˡ
ôѵŻҪǮ𣿡
Ҷϴ֮ɫ˵
Сôմ˵ǮأСֻΪ˹ϲҶҹӵģ֪ҶӵĳɼΣ
Сˣ
ҶһԽȻ˵ĺףأʵȴˣֻڴҶĳɼˣǲõĻԷ»ԽĿĵġ
Ǽүĳɼߣ˵㣬ʯĲӦ֪ɣ
Ҷҵ͵ޱȵ˵
֪֪
ҶĳɼܺãһȻŭȴԽα¶˹άɫҲʼӵСһҶĳΪ˸߼ѧԼڶԷﻹһֻһôô
ʯĲԡɫ
˵еĳһ˦ٵļݳ뿪ˡ
ɫ
طֲǴһˣô֪ܲɫʲôɫߵĳ̶ȣÿҲôһѣһûУ˵ɫѾΪǿɫˡ
Ҳࡣ
ΪҶҲͨ˶ѣû뵽Ȼɫ
ɫɫҿһôĲܵˣҶҡһοҪˡ
һﲻɵ˵
ǺǡССﰡɲ˵Ӳ
ҶЦ˵
ҶһȽϵĵ˺ǲ˵
ףʲô˼
ҶҶЦ
ΪǼһҪϲǵ𣿶ԷҪûٴεĴһ£Աղִ飬˵ĳɼõĻԷ϶Ὺޱȡ
Ҷϲɵ¶˷ŭ֮ɫ
ˡᣡ
ҶȻûʲô飬˶ֶͽҲֻݡ
ص˼УʱҶѾ÷з
ȻٵѾֵͨ;Ҷĳɼɢ˳ٵҲѾʼڵ
һҶ˸߼ԺǿνҰһɳˣ
˵ҶвֻҶԭĳԱеˣЩ˴󲿷ֶǰҶҵˡ
Щ˺ȻǺǰҶңҶǵˣһǣǺģ˵ʱҲѡʾá
ҶΪ֪ܲЩǽͷݵ뷨ڵҶȴҪЩǽͷݣҶ¶αЦ֮ҲЩ˿ʼ
ҶûʲôȤ漴Ҳ뿪ص˷С
յıĿʼȻҶ첢ӣǽյɫװĳȴܴ
ԷԼ˶٣ʵҲѾﵽߵĳ̶ȣԼСתΪԼĺܣǶԷʲô

ܿҶ㰲һ׮ϯڼаһΣеļԱھϯгˣūͻӵܶһͬʡ
ҶҾһķܹ꣬ĶǶҶĹˣȻҶҲǡ
ϯѾ׼ˡ
һλźɫ۵߹˵
˱ĸףҶҵĹܼҡ
໢ЩһҶµĶͳƳ𣿡
໢Ҳ¶һĨЦ⣺
Ѿͳ˳һһǧٰʮöңܹԱļ롣һƷ
Ȼһʾ޴Ҷ˵һξ޴ջ
ܺãһǵĳǺܴġ
໢˵ͷ
ǵģǻûκεĶЩǴۻ𡣡
Ҷüͷ΢΢
Щڵȴյıߣ໢סЩˣЩһһЩն֮һҶҵˣȹҧһڵıȺˡ
໢˵ͷ
Ѿˡ
˴Ҷ˵
Ѿȫˡ
Ҷ˵ͷ
Ǻǣ񰡣û뵽˴Ѿͷˣ
ҶĻ֮Сϲɵ¶һĨΣһŵСһɿ뿪
ܿҶĵеҲˡ
Ҷͽһ𣬿Χʮˣг˿ɬȴοЩ˲ҶԺĺģҶҾôĿֻܹ֮ЩޱȵĳԱ
ȵһ֮ҶվӶ˴˵
ҶҾôĿ飬ҶҶҴһµϣôҶҵߵߣӵӣҶ֪˽⣬ҲǺ£ΪûĥǸ޷һҲ޷ĳЩ˵ҶҵķҲһĿʼһҸˣҶԴҵĸм޾ĸмлл
˵֮Ҷͷȥ
ã
Ҷˬӣ˲ɵĽкҲٵĿʼһҹʱ˷ܺͼȻĹȥٵ˺ȵ档
ʱܡȴˣҶҵĳɼ˵ŶԷгɳĿܣһֱҪռҶҵܡģ
û뵽ҶʱȻǱĳһţߣ
ҵɫѿޱȵ˵
΢΢ĸԼ󵭵˵
İɸףһĳɼҪˣҶҵòҪңûһֵСӡ
ҵ𻺻ص˵ͷϵ߲ϵţ
ҺοȥɣúõϢһ£ӭյı
˵ͷҲֻҵһˡ
ҵȻЦ
Ҷҡսܼҵģ
ݵЦǴһʱԵޱȵĹء˲


024 У
˵һҶҵĹӾȻɫĳɼжټɼ
ոճŵҶǵۣվߵҶҲԽĿ
ǺǣҶôˡ
ڿҶ졢Ҷ֮ɵЦ˵
ǺǣǰҪȻҪһЩġ
ҶЦŴӦӵʵ¶ҶҴĸıɲһˡ
ҶѾ˳ӣҶҶҲĽȥ
ųӵǰһٴε
Ÿ׺ͽ㿪ĵӣҶ췢֣ԼǰŬƺĺֵ
ǵһʽıһɹ֮ǽ߼ԺİҲܴ󣬶ɼĺûעԺеĶԴû˵ҪƽĵȥԴӲȡúõĳɼ
ڳҶϵ˵
׵ĸף
һ·Ҷҵĳͨ裬˹㳡֮˲ûм٣Ҹ
ҵĺûгɹȻҲϣ˵ĺҲʧܱ̭ȥ˵Ĳ˱̬ȴȫۿ
ʱıԱѾ˰˳ңʣµǧҵ˿ȥҲӡ
ЩٴεɸѡˣеսʱĲҲǿ֪ġ
ԶԶǻƷٴεĴԼĶӴڴ˳ʱĻƷҲûյǰӣŨױµ˵ٵӴ
ǻƷȻе֣Щӱ̬ڵ˵ĸƾӹ󣬶ӵĳɼܺãҲ۱һӵ˸߼ԺƱΪеһԱݽӵĸ߹
ǻһ㣬ǱһʧˣܿҲ˵ˤײ㡣
ߣҶĿ簡
ڿҶһ֮󣬻Ʒ˵ɫٴεıѿҲĺߵ
ǰƷҲ
ߵٴεĲм˵
УҪΪɫĳɼ͸ˣҪֻ֪һԣһԱʸѣҪĻǱԣҶСŲҪҡ
Ҷ쵭Ц
仰Ѿ˵ˣ
˵֮ҶٴεĶҶ˵
ȥˣ
Ҷĵ˵ͷһԵҶе˵
Сĵ㣬Ҫˡ
ԱߵЦֹ˵
ǰҪһȥ͹ˣû㻹û֡
ҶҲǷ
仰Ҳ͸㣬ǧô찡
˵֮󣬲׳գҶٵĽ˹㳡ı̨ϡ
ǧӵÿ˶һűźƣǱı־
һڹ㳡λ϶һԼʮҵߣȻͺϣ忴ȥȴӲʵĺܡ
Ҷȴ֪Ϊ˱ԺԺ̩壬Ϊ󣬻϶ǵԺһְͲôˣ˵˵Ŀڱ˵൱зġ
λȻܹվҲ˵Ѿ˱ʸ񣬱ǹƽԭ˲ʹùصֶΣ٣в֣һ֣ȡʸһϡеƱǵݣʣµһǧһʮ˱Ĺһ㳡ϷΪʮĵص㣬ÿص㶼ڸβΪһֵȥһųأΪȥųأԴƣһųأ˵βΪһȥԼĳرԡ
Ҷŷ֣ڹ㳡ΧȻٴεļ˽̨ףȻսġ
ԺȻ䳡Զ㳡ȥȻ˵ʵҲף
еöʮһƣҶ첻Щȣ²ûдĻǸյĳɼģԼǵʮһĻǰʮ˿ܱԼľУ
ܿıٴεĿʼ
ӽ̵ʱҶ൱Ķ˶ûʲôɹԵıʲôȤۿ
ű䳡ϵ˷׷׵ĵ֮󣬲Ųô̵ʱ˵ϱѾ˫˫Ѫ
˵֮󣬼࿼ٲɵҡͷЦ
Ϊ߶ʧȥս߽Ϊʧܣһ
һ£
ͻȻһ΢˳λڵϵĳԱһλվԼ壬󻺻˵
һûʧܣ
Ҷ˫Ŀ΢΢һӶԷǲϲһѾ˼ˣû뵽ǶԷȻƴվ
ҡӮˣʧҪӮҪӮ
˵ѾվҺݲϵس鴤ȻھĪʹ̨࣬һλصŮѾˮˡ
һǿ־
ҶаԵͬʱҲؼС
ʮһŹʤ
࿼һľȺ͵ĺȵ
ȻΪļһҲͬ
ʤˣ
ޱȵļ˱̨еŮ˵
š￴ˣˣ
һĸӣҶ˫Ŀ΢΢ʪ󣬴˵ĴļҾãȴҲٳ˹ǿ־γɡ
ɫҺ񣬶ҶޱȵӣǿԵĻܹʶһҲ
ʱ࿼ٴε˵
һʮһţʮʮһŽбԣ
ʮһţ
֮ͣҶ첻ɵһ㶣û뵽ô͵Լˡ
ǵ˶֮ҶвЩЦԷǣ
ԭ˲ǱǻƷ˵Ķӣ
û뵽ǾȻôˣߣСӣܺãܺðڴȥһ˵֪ôĻǾͲҪˣ
Ҷ쵭˵
ĻͲôķϻˣ
ԣʱɫһ䣬ŭĺȵ
Ҷ죬Ҫ
û˵Ŀʱıٵļ࿼ǿʼҡͷѣ


025 һһȭ
ʼ
ż࿼ٵһ£ȻĳҶȥĻ߲ϵţ
Ҷסҵ֣Ǳ޼ɣҪҵ֣
Ϊ޼ɵļһҶԼǰеһλɮੲݵֱǺĺܡ
ߵļ࿼Ҳ¶һĨ͵ɫ
ȭ
ڽӽҶ˲䣬޼ɵ˫ֿٵȭ΢΢һ٣Ƭ̵ʱ֮˾ȻڱУ˾޴ı仯
ȭ𣿡
˱޼ɵ֮Ҷ΢΢һ
žžž
ֻǱ޼ɵĽŲĦ
Ҷһδ
Ʒ˵¶ޱȵɫǼд޷ڸǵĴ˷ܣ
ӴҶҶӮˣҶүȨɣ㿴ھȻѾɵˣһ޼ɲСĽԷ˵ĻǾͲˣһȭһֺǿ似޼ڻûĳ̶ȣһƲøܽġ
֮ҶŻؿŻƷˣ˵
䶨ˣ
ǿƺͼᶨûƷ˵вһȴЦ
ߣȻ˵Ļ͵Ÿʬɣ
ʱҶһľҲԽԽˣ
Ҷүɵ˰ɣ
ϧˣҶүǲһЩҶҪඡ

̨µҶûںֻǽԼעΪ޼ɵϣ
ͻȣ
ҪҶߵһ˲䣬޼ɵ˫̵ĻУ˫ȭƻļſֲҶǰ͸ȥ
ΧĿҲΪĽ΢΢
ʱһһĹȥˣ
ⱱ޼¶˷ܺ͵֮ɫʱҶ춯ˣ
ֻһԻĿȻһ˵Ĺâ·һŤ˲İ
֫΢΢һ٣ڶ˶Էǰһ֮Ȼֱӣ
΢΢һٵļס˶Է¶˲м֮ɫ˵
ȭҲš֣
ҶסԼʱ򣬱޼ɵбѾвãҶⲻм֮ŭʱıøӵĿֲµ˫ſٵһҽ˲ĳҶԴ˹ȥ
ҡ
ҶȵǼŭȴըһĴ㳡

һ޴Ħݺݵڿв
꣡
ıһĶ
ֻҶҽžȻ˼˱޼ɵĴȸһҲ˵ķ˳

һĲҽӱ޼ɵﴫ˳̨֮µɫʱı
ղŵĶʵ̫ˣЩʵǿ֮⣬˸ûпҶһε߳ġ

޼ɵޱȵĲҽţƷҳŷЦݣ˲Ķ
һУ
һжѣ㽫ԼĶִˣ
޷ǰһУ޷ܣ
޼վɱɱ
һļϵشӻƷ˵ﴫʱı޼ɲҽƺҲ˵ͣЪ
ȴڲϵس鴤ţȻԼȸϵһػѾޱǿʹ࣡
̨λõ̩ϲɵĵ˵ͷ
侲
ϣ

ȵؾҶʤҲĳ˶߱ĶȴҶϣ
ǳһƱ仯СһﲻǷ˰
̩ʱǱڵϷϢı޼ȻĴӵϷѸޱȵĳҶȥ
Ҷ죬Ҫ

һ֮ڴ˵ڵϺݺݵһǣǿٶҲ˱øˡ
һĨĹâͬǶߵͫһ㣬޵Ĺ
ֻⱱ޼ɵв֪ʱľȻһذףذǿµɫâȻ̲š綾

λ࿼ٵʱŭ
ʩ
Ǵݵı֣ǿɳܵı֣
ǾҪֵʱҶ˫Ŀȴ˾˵ĹâΪڵѾɱ⣡
ڱ޼Ҷ챾ǲ˵ĶɱģǶԷһȴкݺݵһ
ʶһ£ĻȭӦôģ
Ҷﻺ˵

˵ĻХһĴҶд˳ŷֲҶڽУΧĿоȻϵĻۣγֲĻХ
Ѫ˺֡
Ҷĺȵ
ȫ΢һɷУʱ·Ϊһֻξ޻һ㡣
һȭƿճ
𣡣
ǿֲĻХ޼ɵ˫Ŀвɵ¶˵ɫûҶȭͷȻܵĳǳ˶Եذϴȥʱвɵһϲǿ˺ܴĹŪõĶҩһжҩɽ⣡
ߣɣɣѡϣҲѡϵģ
ֱ̬ϵڱ޼ɵŤš
ǾҶȭͷذ໥ӽʱͻȻ֮ĿռȻŤһɾ޴ޱȵȻޱȵĳű޼ɵ
ǣ
Ǿ˺ëֱ֮󣬱޼еذҲղסˣֻƾȻڿռŤ±޹һĴڡ

ǿռ˲ŤȻ㲻ƻȴҲǿ
ߣ㲻ã
ҶаԺȵԷѾҪɱˣȻҲҪڻδȫʧһž綾ذ˲䵽޼ɵ壬ûκԥı
㡭
޼ɸҪ˵ȴ͵һѪݺݵغȻأ


026 
꣡
˵°˲䣬ǰһУҸ޷⣬Ǳ޼ǹصԼҶʵ
ǷƵһ΢һҶ죬˲Ȼķ֣Ѿƺڰϻ
ùص似
ҵ¶һĨ֮ɫ˵
ߣһЩ³˵似ѣѵ˵ѧĶû𣿡
ɲں˵
ɴ⡣
ҵвѾһĪΣУǸȥ꣬Ǹһ׽ζ
ߣǴϣΣ
¶֮ɫ˵
˵ⱱ޼ɵʬ㱻̧Ʒһķ֮ɫĶҶ
Ҷ㾹ȻɱҵĶӣҪɱ㣬ղŵʤ㲻
ʱĻƷ¶ޱ֮ɫĳҶĻ֮˵ϲɵ¶һĨı顣
ô޳̶ܵȣ
Ʒ˻ǲĵӣ漴ڼλ࿼ٵָ£ٵıȥ
ҶʤȻʱܿ쵫ǲٵ˻ǿҶǱ
Է˼ֶɶϳ˵Ĵڡ

Ҷ̲סĵ˵
ԼȻûзԭԼĶ˵ǿ
޼ɵʵɲһ˿ԶԿ˵ģҲˣ޼ɴҶһʱĪĿ־壡
һλʮһź߰һʮһţ
࿼ٴεĺȵ
仰֮Ҷϲɵ΢΢һ㶣û뵽ոձϾȻôľҪˡ
ǿǰĶֵʱҶȴ¶һĨЦ⣬ΪҶʶԺеһѧԱȻ㲻ʶȴ֪ԷһЩϢΪƻ裬һʵȽϿǰѧԱ
ڿ˶Ҷ֮󣬻ƻϲɵ¶һĨЦΪԼʵⱱ޼ȽǲһЩģⱱ޼ɿǱҶһһȭģԼȥܹסã
Ҷǵ֮󣬻ƻϲɵε˵
ҶݣҷˣѾľһϻļһȨ
ȨһôǱǻиʸ񣬱ȥʧܵĽǺ˺ܶġ
Ȩ
Ҷ̲סʵ
ϻȨѵŰ
˵֮󣬻ƻѸٵĴӱ̨طҶ죬о൱һӶ
У
ٵĹǿʼϾսӵƺûȥġ
һҶʵ൱ǿ󣬵ǺܿĴȴٴεı̨ϵ˵ľʱָסˡ
ģѾʤλɹļѾԽԽˡ
ҶԽ˵
׿ĵӣҶҲɵÿʼü
һλʮһźǧһţ
ż࿼ٵĽһӰȻѸ͵Ħſڿշɵ˱䳡ϡ
˷ıҵĶӡ
˶Էı֮Ҷ˫Ŀ΢΢һУٴεڿҶĿ֮Ͳɵ΢΢ſɭĦԼͷ¶һĨͿµϢ
ȻԼĶֳ߶֣ĳҶƣȻȻԼĶ֡
Сӣҵ㣬ϣҪһսĻᣡ
ĺȵ
Ҷ˫Ŀ΢΢΢΢Ħһ£ҶЦ˵
㣬֪ˣŮˣǵ֪ʲô𣿡
ҶСԴ֪Ҷģ˺ǳʵ˵
֪
Ҷ쿴Ѿ¶˺֮ɫ˵
һֱװBˣ
һΧһ㶣Ǻܿȴʼ鴤
ȻҶûָյ˵˭ǴӸղƼҶԵˣҺ׵ر²⵽˶Էָʲôˣ
Ҷ졭Ҫ
ɫʼ¶֮ɫ˵
ߣ˭һأ
˵ĶȴѾٵĳѾ˵Ķпʼչˣ
ߣ
ܵ˶ԷĽ֮ϲɵ¶һĨâ΢΢΢ȭ

һŭȣҲ֪õĺ似
ֻȭͷȻѸޱȵڿĦΧĿһ֪ڳž޴ѹȭͷΪĿʼѸޱȵ

ԷһķӦᶼûб㱻˲Ĵ˳ȥڿգȻĵ̨£
ϣ
ʮһšʤ
ż࿼ٵҶ˫ĿҪгһϸߣ
ղŵĶ൱һʵҲѾﵽߵĳ̶ȣұԼӦҲǲµģ
ˣǸУ
Ҷ찵Եıȭͷ
Ҷ죬øϽĹҶȥͷڹ꣬û³ֻһǡ
ҶηĶŶԷ˵˵
ҧ˵ĹУ㡭繷
˵֮ҶתԷ
ĻƺԽ


027 
ʱٴεĹȥһʱҶȸѾ𽥵ıע⣬񣬳ֺ˵ǿʵǰ϶ﵽɱĳ̶ȣҶͬϸˮһ㣬ÿǹؼʱʹһаʽĹ似ͬһһ㣬޷ĥԷʵ
ʹ似ȻǳԺѧϰĸȭ
ɫװ׵ҲأҶǣһΪľǿ꾹ȻҲˣȻ˵úܲңͬСǿһĴľͿµҲΪ֮̾
һյʱӹȥˣ֮ܶҶʵҲõ˲˵ϿɣǼ࿼ǲϵͷľֹڵҶѾûˣڵȥҲԺȥġ
ҪĽҶҵȥĻҶɲֹͣĿֻһһ
ص˼֮ҶٵԼķϵ˵
ʦ𣿡
ڣ
΢΢һӿٵĴƮ˳
Ҷ칧˵
ʦҸоԼʵѾﵽһƿļޣ۷ʵѾ޷ڶʱ֮ڵõͻ˲֪ʦʲôõĽ顣
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Ҷһʱ󣬱ĽУҶʵѾԽûвҲˣҶҲʼϵر֪
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029 ҹɱ
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031 ѣ
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ҶңۡУ
ҶΧҪγҺһŨһֲϢҲڲϵͬһתţĺ
һ֮ҶȻĴӷ˳
ˣ
вϵشŵµҲϵط
ͣ
Ҷ˫Ŀһ˲䣬µһĹâ˫Ŀзɿֲ޷ֱӡ
ˣ
ҶҶ֮ϲɵ¶͸صӡ
㵣ˡ
Ҷ΢΢İ˰֣ĶҶ˵
ҪʼˣϿȥɣ͵
ʱǷֵҶѾһδ֪ˣҶҲҴ⡣
Ҷɿĵ˵ͷӹ໢ѸٵҶ
һ·ҶԽļ
û뵽һεˣȴҲ˵Ҵﵽʿĳ̶ȣʧ֪Ǹ
뵽Щ֮ҶǰٶȲɵø
ʱı䳡Ѿ
ô°Ҷҵôû
ٵĹż˵
Уƨ˼ܼҵүʵҶһļεĸҺͶԷȰѾѡʸˣܹȻõѡˡ
һλΪǵӲм˵
ҿҲǣһεһܼҵˣҵΪֹܼҵүƺûȫɡ
̨ܵ˵ۣһߵҵͻҲ¶˿ĵɫ
ѵĵ˾ԼĵˣȻĲϣҶгͷ֮յһ죬ܹҶҰΪĵ顣⻪ΪûԵĺȻϣܼҵԽǿӶԼķչҲźܴõġ
ҵ¶صЦݡ
Ҷ죬ųǰղǻҪôڿʼ𣿡
ڳϺ
ʱҶҵһЩӵǵ¶˷ŭɫеһλҶҵ
Ҽүµ˶ѣܼҵʲôûбô֪ԼһӮ
ɫ΢΢һ˫ĿȻµĺâǿµ£Ҷҵӵܲɵñѹ
ߣ£˭ŰҶľͷαΪԼɣ
һλ·˼Ȼıĳ
ҶҵӵԶʱŭգȴԶԡ
ߣҶҵʲôʱֵ˹ʣ
ͻȻһԶңңĴ˹ԶʱһֻһλԦһƥɿĳ۵̣ǼɫҶ˭
ү
Ҷҵһļ֮ɫĽ
Ҷĵ˵ͷĶż࿼ٵȻ˵
˼ٵˣ
΢΢ĵ˵ͷȴûȥϾЩ˶Ǹ߼ԺĺѡˣԺ˵Ƿɻڴڵ˶Էպѱʲô顣
ҵ˫Ŀ΢΢һ㶣ȴʼֵľ
û뵽㾹Ȼĸ
м˵
ߣΪʲôʲôֵҺµ𣿡
Ҷɵӵ
ҲãڻûоˣĵȴҸоԼѪҺڲҶֻҪ̤ǾԵĲģڵҲѾûʱˡ
ҶޱĻز
Բѣ
һҩζʮ㣬зıŷսҲһ


032 ף
ʼ
ż࿼ٵһȣҲٵ漴˿
һһеף
ޱȵ˵
Ҷûһʱ̨µȻѵ
Сĵ㣬һƺйŹ֡
⻰֮Ҷ첻ɵͷŸм֮ɫĿ˶ԷһۣӶԷѪ߰ߵղ˵˲СĿ
Ʋϵط
֮ĿҲʼ𲽵̣Ȼ֪˵ʵԼǿֲƵĳ࿼Ҳ̲ס˼
ҵ¶˵ɫһѾʤȯգ
һ󼱴ٵĽŲֻҶ˿ٵĳ߸˹
ߣҶһһҪԷȫĴѹ
һԵĻ쿿˵
һλҵҲӵ˽ԺʸʱĻѾˣǽɢഺջϢҶᣬǲɵһ£
û뵽ҶҾȻ־ŮˣȵҶҿܼ֮ǸŮɲҪ
ҵһԶҶ֮Ҳ¶һĨɫȴ˵
ߣȷʵѵãȻѾˣĳ֮顣
˾ȻҶһ㣬ڰѾҶҿʼ
Ҷ໥˰ӵʱ֮漴˵ŭһٵĳŶԷ˹
Ҷ죬Ҫ
ųԼɱҶ죬ϲɵ¶һĨЦ˵
ʼϻƣ֮
˫Ȼצģֵָ֮Ļ۳ʮ̣Цһצ趯һƷ֮ݺݵĶҶ칥ȥ
ǹ˺ѿļ죬Ҷ۾΢У΢͵Ķǰĵӳһξڵ֮ϣķ֮ʱҶͳȻֹס
ֹסһ˲ҶѸٵĻΪڿշŶԷԴϺݺݵ˹ȥ
Ҷһٵ˲䣬ɫ㿪ʼ΢΢һ䣬ǿĶٴԤϣ
ŸոյĿʼ˵ĶȻѾʼ˵ļңΧĹǿʼס˺
ԴϵƿǿȻȣȴЦ
첲ٴεֱ̧ͬһ㣬ȻһɫһĳҶֱ۲˹ȥ

޹ǵֱ۾ȻݺݵץסҶڿյ壬ѸٵĻ
һҶڿвܿƵת
ȥ
ɱͽȻһ
ͣ
ǿƿ𣬶ʱҶ屻˦˳ȥ
ž
ڰеҶȻĵŵأµĵѸٵѿҶȴݺݵ

µĵ˲ѿ

ޱȵİ
ֻ˵ĺ΢΢ɢţ˵ʽٶԼѾȫĳͨޣ
ףƺֹ۰
Ҷᵣޱȵ˵ղҶ챻ȥһ˲ҶᷢԼĶʼ
ҶŮļ򣬼ᶨ˵
Ҫģѵûһֱûκε֮ɫҸղŵĹֻѣ
ҶԲɵһֻȴķҶûκε֮ɫνĵȻƺǰûиʲôѹ
Ҷı֮ҶǽŵĲɵ΢ķſһЩ
ò˵һС㣬һԵĲģ
񵭵˵Ȼһ˵ƿٵٵĦſµ죬ǵʯҲʼӿڲϵš
ͣ
ž
ſȻһĽɼѺۼ˵ǰڽµٶȸӵѸ͡
ɣ
ҶҲʾ˫עУʮָ죬ʮָָѸٵı˵â
𣡡
˵ĻХ̨ʱ֣һ㳾Ҷı仯̨֮λϵλ࿼ٵϽס¶һĨ졣
Цݵ˪ǲϵصͷ¶˿ĵĻߡ
Ҷ˵ϢΪ˱ֻҶѾ֪˲ࡣ
Ѫ˺̣֡
ҶİԽкȣʮָͻһſҲٵıһţȻŷ
ڳȻһָоڵҶѾһˣһֻͻһ㡣
𣡣
ͻХ춯أ
ҶֺݺݵĿƣַĳŶԷǰץȥ
ͣ
̶ĦҶĶϵ𣬵ɫһ䣬Ǻܿȴ¶˳Цݡ
岻㣬ǳŶԷ
ǣ
ϣ
ҶֻΪצݺݵץס֮ȴûκε𣬷һֽײ
ҶȻĸоһǿķݵԼϣвԽе
ã
ʱȴѾһЦпٵĽԼֺݺݵץ˹
ž
ҶļȻԷץˣ΢΢ſ
ȣ
ŭһ֮Ҷ徹Ȼǿеץס
ȥɣ

ʱĲҶ쿼ǣһɾ޴ӵϴݵϡ
ȿȣ
Ҷ̲סһѪ˳
ʱֱѾѪģ

ҶҶ̲סľ
ȿȿȡ
ҶǿеվĲԼϵѪȴ¶˲м֮ɫ˵
ԭΪʲôܹվԭϾȻŻף
Ȼ
һ˵϶ʱı仯һĻ֮󣬵ȴٴεĵЦ΢΢
ꡭ
һֻ֮һɫ׳˵ϡ
׵̻ͼ˫ϣȻǿеĴ壬׹̶ϣ
ĲλȻ޷ۿȻҲˡ
ף֮ʱҪѪҺϵشſԲϵغںϣһѾ˼׺һ޷ֿҶǸоԼԿˣҲû취
װε˫̯˵


033 ֣
޳ܰ
޳ܵˣȴûм޳ܵļƷ
Ļȴ˷ΪǸ޷Լ˵ӣڵνѾΪһ壬ܲϵѵɡ
Ҳǿ׼˶Էһ㣬˵Ż˵ĽԼĵƳ˵ǰ
̨µĻһĻ֮ɫĶҵ˵
ܼҶĳҹһμҵǺǣֻǲ֪ʦǿΪʲôûлأ
˻Ļ֮ҵȻӣ
ߣǸ쵰ȻûɱҶ죡
Ц˵
²˰ɣ
˵ʱ򣬻ɫȻһЦݣЦ䱾ޱȹصӸӵ˼նζ
ߣƺʲôļ⡣
쿴һһ֮ɫҶ죬ϵɫʼЩãȻ
֣ΪһССܹڶʱ֮ڴﵽ˿ֲĳ̶Ǿޱȵ似ŵıԼ˵ı֣Ĳһ򵥵ı仯
˻Ļ֮ҵвɵһҲʼ𽥵ı
˼ǣ
Ҳʼ
Ҷһޱصļ壬ڰˣ̲صҲǿ˵ãҶҵǣЩֲǿߣȻ˵ԷİҲΪλǿʧɵģϸ󣬶ԷЩǿʧ֮ǰѵ˵ͲԷµȻǲܵ顣
ڻĽ£ҵĺѾʼü
˼ҶõҶµ
쿴ҵı仯ϵԵ֮ɫԱ
ߺߣѵ˵ֻʲô뷨𣿵ȻһֿܣǱҶ񻹴һЩصǿߣֿԺСǿԺԲƣǿߵĻԷҶ˵İȥ𣿡
ŻĽͣҵҲ¶Ȼɫ
ǿ似صԼһеһУ֣޳ۣ
ҵѾʼ͸©һ̰ζȴڻľѾǴﵽǰδеĳ̶ȡ
һԭԼصļһȴĲѾһ˿õˡ
˻ڽʱҶ˫ĿѾʼ΢΢ǰϤĽеļһ֪Ϊʲôֱ֡
ľҶѾŭı֣
Ҷ죬ҳĽĺܴ󣬵ڵ㡪һ
һ԰˵˵ȴȻĳҶӳֱۣ
֮ʮ׵ľ룬Ȼմ˹Ȼ
ݣ
ͻȻһǿҵƿȻ
ſĦУһɫĲӰٵĻգͬǶ߳һ㳯ҶԼ׺
ʲô
Ҷϲɵ¶һĨ죬ֻʱȻԼֱһɫ
̫Ҫ˰ɣ
Ȼʹˣ
ǰǰʤ֮䰡
̨µΧ߷׷׵ĶǴ̨ϵ˪ȴû˵ϾҲû˵׼ʹģ
ǼǿԽʮ׾Ҷͫ΢һͷ֮ʱȻ΢΢һơ
Ʒ羢Ҷ£صʯ֮ϣһ̲ʯӡۣѸٸ֡
ܿһҶɫأڵһ̤΢΢ҵؼ֧һ㡣񱩳ȥ
̶ʮ׵ľ룬գ۱ȻҶ켴빥Χ֮ʱһɾȴ͵
ģһٶȺÿ죡
ҶаԵ
ߣܣ
¶ޱȵ֮ɫĽе
߲ʼҶϷɿʩչʱ򣬱̨ϵĵ治ϵʯ
ҲʱҶ˫ȴٵĳʯ˹ȥ
߲İ£ԷȻǿݣʱ֮ȴҲκβҶ죡
оߵһεջ֮Ҷ˫Ŀʱгһϸߣĺâͬһֱ䵽ϣ
ʱ򣡡
Ҷдĺ
иղӵʯѸٵĳϹ
һööʯǳһ㣬Ѹ͵ķ̶Ħ
̣
Ҷٴεͺȵ
ĸյĳЩʯ˹ȥ
ϣ
ǿʱʯٶٴεһ̨ף
ܵʯϴĦ֮ȴм˵
ߣС
˵еѾʼѸٵĻ
ߣҪľ
ĸޱȵСģһȻ㲻ȱȴ֤һʵϺûҲôʹԼϸһνף
ЩʯȻж˺ǽѡջסԼ
ҶҪҲЧ
ͣ
߲ٴεתȻķһ̶ĦǾ㵵УҶ쾹Ȼڰ·ץס˶Էյ
ʲô
ɫɵһ䣬ǾҪʱƿȴѾǰʮöʯޱȵĳԴ˹ȥ

Ե弱æȥǽڶԷҶȻٶٴεĴﵽһµĲΣ
ˣ
㡪ˣ
Ҷﵭ˵ȴѾڶԷϷʩչ
νҶû˿ĸڿѾ˳ʵȴ޻֮ߵʵ㱻ȥĽ֮Ѿ˽䱸
̣

Ѫ
òᣬҶ켸ҪԼΪǿʽչֳ



ǿҵʱı˳ȥ
䣡
ͣ
ȥƺݺݵץס˵棬ǿĦûдӱ̨ˤ
ܺã
ڵϵͷþõĲŴһ仰ʱһֱŰϢȴʼϴ
һĨתеһ˲䶼ʼԼ˫Ŀ
ţȻ߼ʵһôᾹȻѾˣ
߰
һôֲ֣ǳСϣעĿ
ʵȻҲߵĳ̶ȣȴûкܺõ˻δȵѾ˳ȥҲΪʲôƵԵʡ
Ǻǣȴôʱ䣬ٴεĳһλˡ
λ࿼һЦ˵
˪¶һĨ
Ҷ죬εĳأ
뷨ûͣЪֻҶȴ¶һĨصЦݣ
𣿡
ȣץ
𣡣
ͬһ㴫һȻٵĻҶߣӣ
ҲţҶүҲߵʵ
ž
꣡
ҵ𡢻бıˣ
Ϊĵ黹Ƿˣ


034 ֮
Ҷ죡

ȥޱӴʱȫĳں죬ƣʱķµ˻
ߣ
Ȼ̨ϳߣ
һм֡
ǵ˭ȴû˿Զۣ
Ҷ쿴һ㵵΢΢ĸһԼƣ˳ĶһֹصϢʼҶϱ
оҶϵƻڷʱ¶һĨȺͼʵɫ
ߵʵߣǰĻҵǶʵǣڵҿɲˣ
˵ҶѾʼ΢΢Ķ
ͣ
ĶԲ׵ķΧпȻʼΪϸ΢ĶѾڱޱȵĳ
Ϊˣ
ݣ
Ըոյ˵꣬ʱҶ徹ȻٵĶһµĲӰѸٵʧٸ֡
ˢ
ҵȻվɭͫײϵš
ܵģܵģ
ŻɫҲڱޱȵѿΪڵҶֳʵ̫ˡ
СӡСӡ
˪˵ĴЦеϲѾ޷εı˳
ߵƺʿᲢۣ˪ʵǳ޷Ĵڣ׵رӶԷϸܵ˶Էʵ
ʿ
ߣҪװŪʲôʱ򣡡
ٴεĶҡ
Ҷǿڵ̲סĳˣ
һŭ֮󣬶ʱȻĿʼҶ˹ȥ
ݣ
ӰҲʼϳ֣ʱ˵ٶȷ̨չ˳

һĺȻŷ
Ҷƺݺݵһ
䣡
һ񱩵֮󣬶ʱͬһɳһ㱻Ĵ˳ȥ
˵ʵ̫Զˣֲٶϻܶǿ϶޷ֲĲ࣡
ȭͷײ֮һĳ֣һɫӰݺݵش˳ȥ

Ҷȴ˵ķŹһ
ԼΪǶȵǿΪԼʵǲԾԼܻܿᱻԷ׵ġ
ӶԾ˳ҵˣҲûбˣ
һһֱԼɱˣܡҵѹȣһεҶڵĿʼ
ôܣ
ܵԼȭͷϵǿҵĴۣдĺ
ûأ
ڿնȻĳһ˱ŭ
ÿ죡
д󺧣ʱĿʼһĶ
ڰеҶĶ֣
Ѫ̤죡

Х쳹
˵ǰҶ·ǻһֻͻһ㣬ȻĴӵԾ
䣡
ݺݵش˰еĶϣ
ǿҵ𶯰ŵĶ˳
ȣ
һʹĽ̲֮סһѪ

ҵ̲סĴ
ʱҶôܸԷϢĻᣬĿɱ񱩣
̣


һ似ϻţеĿɬЩĲԼеķŭһ˲ʱڵĿʼõ˷й;
С
ҵĺ
ϵȻ緢˳ƼѾ˲ӰҶ˹

һŭ˲Ĵ㳡
˪˫ĿĶҵ𣬶ֲֿȻҵв޷ĸо
߼Ժı˲ý룡
ҵŷѣȴѾʼѪɫƱѾѹסˣͬ˪һ㻷ƲѵϢҲҵоϢ
£
ޱȵĿ£
ڳͻƲɵ÷׷׵ĶһԼ壬ʱ˲ĸоЩνļ࿼ٵʵǶôĿֲ
ҲΪ˪ҵĳ֣ҶĶ΢΢һ٣ѾȻץסᡣ
ҹ
˵Ȼޱȵ̧ԼҽźݺݵߵҶ壡
һʱҶ쾹ȻԷǿֲݺݵؽߵһߣ
֪ʱϹҶڿҶ֮󣬲ɵþ
ȴע
Ҷ죬㾹Ȼ˵ĶңҪڣ
˵ܵػ徹Ȼϵľʹɿĳ˱̨ǾֵһץסǰҶᣡ
ΪҶҶ໥֮һξ룬˵ȵҶֲҷӦ˲䣬Ѿˡ
ԼĽ㱻Էס˲¶֮ܵҶ̲סŭ
ң
˪΢ŭȵ
С
˪ĵ֮ϲɵ¶һĨ֣Ǻܿȴ뵽ʲôһ㣬Ľ
ߣҿĵӣɱһͨ˭Ҷô
ӵ֮˪̲סĶһ£ȴûκεĵǺͿ־ɫ
ߣӵͷǿ󣬵ȴѵ˵ΪΪҶѧԺΪ𣿡
˪Ļ֮ʶʼ𲽵ΪǿߵĵһֱΪԼͬкǿߣŶʮѾﵽߵĳ̶ȣͬѾѵõˣΪ֧֣ȻĪİ
ҶǰһƺѾΪӰǷ̣һֱޱȵ޷ܡ
סҶϸĲӣѾʼԽķ
ҶΪʲôҪ֣ΪʲôҪǵһҲʤߣֻһ֪νС󣡡
Ҷ建س
ϵɱ⼸Ҫʵʣ
ҸҴģǵ˺ҽĻһ֪ʲô˼
ߣԲѣһŮεĺҵĶȽϣ
ҵȻĳ֪ڵĳѾʼʧˣԳΪеĿɽҵû̫ĵǡ
ſ
Ҷٴεĺȵ
ſҶŮˣҲŷֳĻ
Ȼ¶һĨصɫҲ漴ĿʼӶԷĲϿʼ»ĿȻҶǷأ
Сף֣
ҶͻȻıһ
˻֪ʱͻȻһѩɫ⾹ȻѸٵĴҶ߻ҷޱȵĳץȥ
Сף
ҶһֱûжõĴڣ
ʱСһֱҶߣһֱһֻ޺ĳԴ˭Ҳ֪ӵһֻ޺СһȴޱȾ˵ʵ
֨֨֨
һĽȻĳһĿɼ׹ǵ˺ۣ

һĲҽ˪ҶʱĶ
Ȼ֪˪ʵǿֲȴ˿Բ²⵽˪ԵѾųʦĿ
˲ĳյ˪ѾҶһɸǿȴ˲ĴҶϱ˳
ȡ𣡡

ŭ

񱩵ƣ
һеһпʼٵı
䣡
һֲĳ֣ʱ㱻Ĵ˿У
𣡡
Ҷһɱĵͺ֮󣬿ֲʹ˷ˣ

ֵĳ֣һƶʱڰ쳹
ֻǰеȻͬըһ˲ը
ϣ
һƬƬڵϷǾȻ׵Ƭ
ſѪ⣬е˶ҶѪֶξˡ
ϵһƬƬķŴ۵Ĺâҵϡ
Ҷ졭Ҫ
һ֮ɫҵĽ
ߣ
ܼ֮ˣֻܶԣ
Ҷ쵭˵
ǵƺܼҵû˿ĵӣ˪ǻسҶȥ¶˿֮ɫ˵
ĸ߼ԺĵһҶҵġҶ죡
һʱһжѾΪ˶֣˪ֱӵ˵Ҷˣ


035 
˪ʵȻҵȴĸо˶ԷһѹԼѹţհδ֣ȴѾȫԼԼߵˣֻҪκԵĶӭԼ˵ľԵĽ
Ҷ죬㾹ȻɱҵĶӣߣܺãһ֪е³ģиֿԱ㣬ǡȴᱣһӣ
˵ҵٴεĺһ˿ʼ뿪ˡ
ǺǣϲҶû뵽ʵȻôǿ󣡡
ƤЦⲻЦĶҶ˹֡
Ǻǣˡ
Ȼ֪ǰһҲʲôˣǸеڻеģ˶ڻҶҲûʧĵط
˼޹ؽҪĻ֮ٴεĹ˹ֱ໥뿪ˡ
Ż뿪֮󣬴ʱٵȻҲҪȥֺҶұסһôڿ˪ߣ˲ɵôͷ
ǴȴѾ֪ǰҶѾǰǸİ֮ˣЩԭڳɵĴѾ׷׵˽ύ뷨
˪뿪֮΢΢ҶļЦ˵
̫ĳ嶯ˣСȻ˵㲻ʲô̫вȴǵʱ򡣡
Ҷ֪˪Ǻ¶ԷʵȫĿԽܼҵ˻ĵĻԼ
ҶҲε˵
ҲΣǲĻҶһһĪвܼҷҶҵѾˣ˻Ӵƣҽ֮ԳٵҲΪԷԵʡ
⻰֮˪˫Ŀ΢΢һУѾʼ
ʲô˼
ҶЦѵ˵
ڲǰܼһλʦǿҼƺҪɱңѾȷλ࿼ٵһλΪԾѧԺˣԷȻܼġҽҽܵĻ½ʤĿɾˣʱҶܵ˺ԶԶĲֹ㡣
ʲô
˪岻ɵһ𣬶Ŀ˵
˵м࿼ɱ㡱
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ϵܣһ飬뿪һʱ֮һ˽ѧԺġ
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ȻνһļɵȴҲǺ¶Է
ȴ˶Ѿ뿪֮Ҷ˱˳ӡ
ȻҶᾭһţҵûܵʲô˺ûҶнܼ뷨
ǼˣΪһε̫ˣ˵Ҷһĵ֮˳˯С
Ѿͷһܵ㾪ſҪָ죬ڵıѾˣûµĻȥߡ
Ҷһ֮ɫĿŽ˯еҶ˵
Ҷĵ˵ͷ
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ȴӻصҶҸ֮ۡҶڰٺ˽Ҷ֮󣬱ٵԼķС
ķɿĴͳһöɢ͹εɫƬ
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˵ӱҶнӹһöɫƬ¶ޱȼɫ
תʱֹʲô쳣𣿡
ӵĻ֮ҶвһԼе˵˳
쳣ƺһЩ⡶תǻϹŵĹճĻķӦúǿģȻҲѾ˳˵ǿ󣬵ƺʦǰ˵Ĳ̫ϡ
ӵ˵ͷ
⡶ת֮ΪΪصĹûе㳬˵صĻҲԵĲ˵׷ʵҵǸתһֱһ˵˵⹦ƴ֮ʥ
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仰֮Ҷ첻ɵþ
ǵģҵõⲿ֮ȻʵҲε߻ħˣʵһȱһƷҲһøǿеĴ߻Ա³
Ҷ첻˵
ѵǺƬйϵ
ĵ˵ͷ
ֽΪڶеľϹŻĵʱֶޱȵĺӵĲҪ˵ˣҵҲͲҵ۴Сѣû뵽㾹ȻôõԵõôһ
εʹأ
Ҷٴεʵ
ˣ

õش֮Ҷ첻Ľ
Ц˵
ˣǵȵʵٴεһ̣֧֮ܿĻٴεһµ̨ףǸʱһεһ㣬ķ޵УҲǡתĺڡ
һöҶϲɵ¶һĨЦ⣺
֮黹ûûˣ


036 ѡ
ϰˮۣˣ
ҶʦʱѾ˽⵽ˣȻ˵˵ţȴҲŲɺӵЧ
ԴҶȡ˵һĳɼ֮ǰҶҸۡﲻЩ˲ǰҶȳ֮
߼Ժ˶ǿߣѾΪ˹ʶҶڵʵѾߵĳ̶ȣȻĿΪԷԵʸΪʦĸ߼ڡ
ʦǿ߿ɲССпԵ˵ģ˵ȻҪֵĹЩ֪ҶʵѾﵽʿƷĳ̶ȵĻ»ӵľǵӡ
ٴεӦһȺķеСҶ첻ɵóһĶӿЦѵ˵
ʦֳͷ黹治һ˿Ӧ˵ġ
漴ҶԺгһЦݵ̬ĸԼ°˵
Ļʱ֮޷ˣȥɭֵĺã
ҶĸеСף¶ͬɫСޱȵ֮Ҷû˵
СԴ֮嶼ʼ˲١
СصĽ˼һ˫۾¶˲̬ȻǶҶ˵ͬ
СһƺҲر𰡣ԶԶĲֹϵô򵥡
ӵ˵
һҲˣСС澹ȻԱôֲٶҲ൱ǿȷʵһ˿ġ
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Щ˵ʶҶƺѡǿ似
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һŴӱеõǹȻûǹԭȴҵԷƾŹڻдǹͷұ㽫䴫ڸɣ
˵ҶԴٴε΢΢һۣһطſٵԺ

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Ѹͣ
죡
δǿھȴĳ˸µּһ޷ĸоҶȴⲢԼĸоǹ̲صĺġ

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ïܣ
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ֻ޴ʨ̰˱ѪҺצ˺µһֻڳ鴤ѵ
ȻڽʳҲֻѣֻ˫Ŀ¶ޱȽ䱸Ĺâϵܹ۲š
Ի̬ٲȻһ֧ѵصľһ㡣
ݣ
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ͣ
һԵޱȵ˺˷Բ׵Ŀռ䣬ǿռ䶼ͬǱXXOOŮһ㣬
һĨɢűϢĹâͬһһȻըεؽһֻʨ޿ٵ
âը֮˵ϸѸٵĽԷ̴
𣡣
ʨޱȵĽЩĲҽ֮һޱŽȴûֹͣܵԽѸ
ǶްȻ˵㲻ʲôޣȴҲһ˿ĴڣǶԷϲȺӣŽص޷ĮӶԷ
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ž
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һĴʱǱĹâٵĻֻʨҲ˵һ֮ȫĳ鴤
һźɫ۵ڹԼҵĺ԰һ㣬߳һͭǹԵޱȵۡ
ɭʮյҶ죡
ʨ¶ֳ̬Ҷε˵
һֲǻܵô𣿡
Ȼ˵㲻ʲôޣûпǣҶ֮ⷬҲ̲סķ˰ۡ
ǿԵĻһѡҪҶѾġǿϧûʵ
һסɻǹȻǿ󣬼ߵʵӶˣӼڵʿƷʵҲȫĿԽЩɱļͨҲѾڻˡ
Ҷ쿪Ĳѵ˵
ⷬǱĻһһʿʵȻڳ˵ʮֵǿ󣬵½ȴҲ㲻Ƕ⣬ʿƷĳ̶Ҳ޷ĮЩν޵ĴڣҶȴȼϵĲ࣬ʵ˾ȡ
ܹʱ֮ڱաɻǹȷʵ
˵
ʦڵʵǷں
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ܣ
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Ҷɨ˲ѵ֮ٴε˵
תҪޱȵӴ󣬶Щ޷ҪǼˣڵʵ޷ҲͬҲϸĻ֡
Ҷ治ѵ˵
ѵ˵Щһ𣿡


037 񱩹
Ц˵
Ȼһ֮УκεһƷˣһʯͷҲĵطΪеĽᾧȻˣȻ˵ıǽľȴֻнԣõһö
˵ٴεóһöݸҶ˵
ſö
ʱѾӵİ½ȫˣڵȥһ龧ʯһ㾧Ө͸ҲС˲٣ԭƴСӣȴѾȭͷСˡ
Ө沼ɫ㣬ǹصЩ㲢û˵Ӱ쵽ľӨ̶ȣ෴ǱԽ͸
ͻȻҶ˫ĿһУڲĿһɫĹ⻪һ
ǵٴεȥѰҵʱȴѾټ
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ҶȻķӦ˹
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ӵ˵ͷЩ̾˵
СӵĺܺãԵ»ȴʱſգˮԪصȴΪ͵һ֣˺ܿˣʱʵȻ˲ͻƵνʦĳ̶ȣȴĸ
ķ治һͬϸĻ֣Ϊǿûκεĵȼ֡
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Ҷᶨ˵
ͻȻʱһŭȻĴ˳ŭĳ֣ɭоȻһǿҵı
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Хɭֵ
ԺҶɿжϵ
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ݣ
һƿҶļҲһɫСޣǿɰӱɫ۾С˭
ʱһ˷֮ɫĵһöֻʲôµĵ˱ŵе֭ˮצεץסҶ壬Ҷǰ˱ζ
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ûС˵۵˱ҶٶԽԽ죬ΧĹľ֦޷סǰٶȡ

һŭ֮󣬶ʱһֻ޴İɫͻȻĴ˳
ҶҲû룬еĳǮȻķǹٵǿٵĳһò
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ʶٵޣȴʲô޿ĸֻ̾һֻ׻ȴľ޴
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һԻĿ¶˵Ǻͷŭɫ
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
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һ֮ҶסһһɫӰȻĳ֣ٶ֮쳬Ҷ
ڿֵ֮Ҷ첻ɵõһ
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ҶֳаζݣСεķ˷Լñɫ۾
ֻϻĺܴ󣬴˻Լʮ׵ĳ̶ȣ߶Ҳﵽңһɫëһ԰ɫĻĿضǰİ׻¶̰ɫ
һ׵βͺݺݵسΧɨţǿϵΧľ㵹ѡ
ڻĶһġֵʱҶ첻ɵ˶Էݣ
񱩹Ȼǿ񱩹
˵ʱҶ˫Ŀвɵ¶һĨɫ
Ȼ˵ޱûʲôøУ֮У౾ҲǶûʲô˼˵˫ҲǱ˴˱˴˶ѡ
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񱩹ļޣٶȿʹ󣬶ҹޱȿֲļʵȽǿһࡣ
֮ܵ޵ĹͬȫΪ񱩹һԣϲĸĺӡ
ĸޣϲǽѾҪĸƿӽԷĺԵ
һֲҾ徵Ȼ˷ָ
ĵ֮ҶȻҲֻĸΪʲô˵Ŀ־塣
ԼеС׻Ȼ֪ԼǶԷĶ֣ǰ׻ɳŶԷ¸ޱȵĺš
񱩹˫ĿпʼԽ̰ĿˮϵĴ
ǿµҲڲϵĦͷбһٵļơ
ౡ
С̲ססԼ˫ۣĽСצӿٵҶ½˺š
ôˣ
ҶĿС׵ֶ
ౡౡ
СٴεĽһԼСצָָǰ׻ָָҶ졣
㡭Ҿ
Ҷ쿴˶Է˼
ౡ
С׷ɿĵ˵ͷ
𣡣
ʱ׻ͻȻŭһݺݵسſ񱩹ȥ
ǰĴ񱩹ĻĿ¶˵ĲмâǾ޴βȻĳŰ׻˹ȥ

ֲǺɫβͬǶһݺݵؽԷ˳ȥ
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һֻļ޿ɲһ˿ġ
ҶסС׵İֻôӦСһ
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ͣ
ſȻıĦ֮ҶѸٵĻһɫ⳯ŶԷ˹


038 

ֲĳǹĲڵĻ˿񱩹ע⣬Ҳû뵽ԭ۵ྐྵȻϮԼ
һ񱩵ĻХ֮󣬶ԷβͶʱһһٵĻĲӰҶΧ˹ȥ
ΧĿеһµҶҲҴ⣬еͭǹԽѸ͵ĳ˹ȥ
ļޣ
һĿ񱩹
ʱҶȻҪóٱľӦԷ
ͣ
ǹϼҵĶ֮󣬳ǹȻĴ˲ĳβӰΧ
ϣ
ǹ
˶Է壡
ֺͽײһĦȴҶɫ䣡
ģһ徹Ȼ˵Ŀ£
ʱҶѾ䵽˵ϡ

񱩹һͣǾ޴徹ȻҶʧһ˲Ѹ͵ĳץ˹ȥ
ͣ
ҶĳǹĲ˫עУǹѸٵıһ𻨣
ಣ
ſռдһתĦҶƺһ˲俪ʼ
ҹ
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
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ǿֲı֮һԴС˿Ѹٵĳ˿񱩹ϡ
ʱһԵİ׻ҲǰھԼڿ񱩹֮Ѹٵ˹ȥ
ݲƫбҧ˶Է˿ϣ
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֣һ޴Ƥⱻ׻Ĵӿ񱩹˺

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ߣٶȵǺܿ죬ǡ𣿡
Ҷ΢΢һ֮漴¶˲мĻߣ

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ֳǹһ㣬ޱȵĴڿռУ
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ߵĵѾһһĳ̶ȣǳɱ
ͣ

ĹǰĴڳԼצĿ񱩹ϣ
䣡
ļ޿񱩹ܵǿĽ£Ǿ޴ޱȵҲ˵ıĴ˳ȥ
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ڿ񱩹ڵ֮ҶɵٴκʱֵľȻİͭǹϣ
ϣ
ųǹһҵĲ߲֮ߣһʮ׵ĳǹɿٵĺҶеͭǹһ壡

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˵˵ģֻڵϴϢѵİ׻ͻȻĴХ
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׻һУǴƺûʲôŭζ෴һ˫Ŀлһ˿η
Ҷ쿴϶һ
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ǺܿҶĻոյ£׻ʱĿʼҵĲѪҺϵش
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Ȼɹɱ˿񱩹Ҷ컹ǸоԼʱѾʣˣ˽еͭǹ˵֮㻺ȵϢ


039 Ħ
ʱһһĹȥˣҶĺҲʼرƽ
Ϳ񱩹սҶĸоԼʵĳ̶ֳϻźܴĲ㡣
ԼͭǹڿʼʱȻ޷ԷķƣȻ˵ԼڿʼʱҲѾʤˣϸĽ⻹һ
ʵѾûˣȴȱһѪ˺ֵǿ󣬶ȵĹԼɻǹ񲻿ɵǸľڵϾӴʱ仹ˣֻЩһģ̶ȣɾ봿ƿػһĲġ
Ҷн͵
ʦҸεȥأ
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ѾǹˣڵΪҪļԦôĹҲǲܣҪһһĿʼѪ˺ΪϤĹ˵ҽ㻹Ǵʼ
ӵĻܼ򵥣ȻŹ޷һƿصĻǲһһĹĿʼ
ڵһѧϰ˵һֺܺõĻᰡ
ܺõĻ᣿
Ҷ첻ظһ飬ǺܿٴȻԼ˫Ŀʱİ׻ѾҶ˼ʱ֪һֻѩɫС׻
Ҷ˫Ŀ֮󣬰׻ĻĿһĽţǺܿڿҶһ͵֮ҲٴεķеĽ䱸֮ġ
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Ҷ쿴ŵϵС׻ɵЦ
С׻ӱԼĸҪСĶ࣬ҴʱӺҶڵϻ࣬Ȼ˵廹ǽСһֻСè࣬ȴһƣƵĴ£ҶҲסĿֻС׻ۡ
ǴʱС׻̰˱Լĸ׸֭ﲻϵţҶ첻ɵÿʼ˸ղŵָо
С׻֮ҶߵСҲס¶ɫһһٶһͷ˰׻£ҶǾ㵵жԷȻС׻һĳ˰׻֭
׻С׵־ٶһ㶣Ǻܿȴ¶˴ȰĹâĿвû˵ķŭ෴ǽԼ΢΢һ£С׺ԼĺӵλøӵһЩ
໹ޣڳΪĸ֮ǿĸ̾ġ
Ҷ찵Ե˵ʱԺвɵøֳһģӰһŮӵӰһ޷ܰо㿪ʼҶУƾԼεȥŬվ޷Էӡ
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Ҷ찵Ե˰컹ûһĽͣҶͻȻĿ˰׻צϵǵѪҺвɵһٴεĽĿ⿴˰׻
ʱİ׻Ѿƣг˯ȥˣĳҶԷޱȵˣ˰׻˯֮Ҷ˫ĿɵþⱩԺȻĳѪ˺ֵĿھ͸ֵҪ졣
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뵽Щ֮ҶסĿʼΪЩĬ


041 
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ųǹҶŰ׻˸кĿٵĳɭֵһ·߲ϵߣҶ·ǻһһ㣬ǹصĻߺǿľĻţҲʱĽߵĹľɡ
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С׺ǲ˼ȻǶĻҲ൱ĲҶСһԴЦ˵
ٺ٣һòڿʼʱ֮͸һöļ޵ʱԵĿǱ˭
ҶĻС׵ԴֻСɵĶ䲻ϵȶţȻЩζˡ

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Ҷ컺طɽ棬ʯᾣ˵൱ףʱҲ˶ѨжԷһˡ
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ҶаԵ˵ȴûͣЪеذ׺ݺݵسһӲĨ˹ȥ
֮Ҷ첻ٳɣɿķ߲ȻĶ


042 ڣǲң
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043 
һﰡƽʱ൱ôǻᱻȺҵأ
֮һ˺۵ӣҶ첻ɵ۲ѵ˵֮Լһˡ

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ʲô
ҶסĺĿö꣬öӱѰĻҪö࣬һޱĹ󣬶ͨ͸Ȼ˵ɫȴͬˮһ㣬ϸϸ۲ԿһС
һޱǿ䣬ҲδǴӶԷչֳص˵ŲСĹЧν൱ĺð
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Ǻǣо˰ɣöӦ̲ž޴ޱȵˮԪҲˣ
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ӱҲǼϾڻĵʱҲûлһȻԼĵᣬǶ˵Ҳһֺ顣
ȽԼġתתΪĳ̶ȣȻ𲽵ĽڵеĲȫѹؼˮԵ
ӵĻҶĺʼɿƽһɫοʼϲȻ̶ֳȻƬľˣȴҲѾ൱Ŀɹˡ
죡
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˵һö۴СľѾٵĽҶУ
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ĳƮɢ⣬˫˸ĹҶԵ
ǿͬʵѹһ㣬ѹʺѪҺѪʣӿϢѪˮı
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𣡣
̲֮ס˻һĶ⺮¶ȲðǴʱȴΪҶȴںһ֮˳ȥȻΪҶ커
˱֮Ķ֮ӲɵһĸоƺĳЩ̶ϣ໹һֻ壡
ǵٴεĽĿ⿴ҶʱȴȻľˣֻҶϴʱȻһȻڳӡ
һŨ˷ָˮϵл뵽ҶУǺƺ޷סҶٶȣ
Ҷ컹΢΢һϵ֮ɫȴû˵ʧһ۾Խ
δ֪ĴڣҲûзʳ
ʱҶĲ֪飬ͻӴһʱؼһбѾǰʧȥκεĹʣʶҲѾеľȫסˡ
ӵ뷨ȷģؼ˭ϵشöҪҲޱȵӴ󣬶ʱĻҲ˵ķӳԼҪ÷ɿһϵΧת
𽥵ĿʼڻƺҲʼɹ峯Һ塪ת


044 ı仯
ӵ˫ĿһĶҶ壬ʱѾĿʼһ𣬶˿˿ĺǿޱȵĴͷų
ǸԽо֮ľתϹŴܵеǿ֮Ȼǿġ
ϹдܿٵأϹдּܻժǳһΪǵѾﵽһޱȿֲĳ̶ȡ
ǽĽᾧ壬ȻŽĽӲԣ˵еŵȻҲתһĿʼչף
Ҳİڣ
ҶڲҺѾĵЩȫĳֳɫζһöӨ͸ľ建ҺнţҲϵתÿһεתüС֡
һԵС˫ĿϵתţеҶ죬˫ĿеĽĹâϵСצӲʱɦԼԴ
С׵ı֮ӲɵЦ˵
Сһﻹԣ֪ӦڼޣǴӱĻӦҲѾļˡ
һ̾Ҷ֮ãһҲٴεĽĿҶ壬ٴεĿҶʱӵɫɵ΢΢һ䣡

ֻҶıǾ޴֮⣬ͷ޴Դð˳
ɺۣǿֲƣԼǿ񱩵ŭҶصؾͷ˭
ڿ˾ͷĳ֮С׵һͫʱ̲סĵɵùԲﲻĽ
С׵Ľڵصľע⣬ڿ˶Է֮ӷǸоڶԷʮֻ¶һĨȺǻһ˿
ζֻӶࡣ
ŶԷС̲סŭΪŸͷõĴڣС׸޷ץԷ
ౡ
ڲ׽δǰ£ڵС׿ʼ̲ס˼ԼСƨɳ˶ԷߺߵıԼ۾۲Ĳζ
ٴεӸоԼĲ²ȷģС׵ĵλһ
ʱֻͷҲٵϷСףٵſԼͣһµٵĹעҶУҷɿʧ
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ڵһҶתҺ壬Ǿʱ򣬾ȻĴһǿҵĿĸоЩҺȱĴ߻£ٴεĿʼ𲽵
ð
ֱ֮Ҷڵ̲סı˴ֿڣȴҲ֪ʱ䲻΢΢˼һ֮ٴεĵ˾ת
һεĵþתٶȱ죬ǽٶȱ
ٴεĻۣ
̲ǳ˺̵ܶһʱ֮ҶȻŭ
ڣ
䣡
Ѩٴεĳһǿޱȵ쭷磬ε쭷аһĪ֮ɵĲؼԪ

ǿޱȵٶȣѨĿռ䶼ʼΪ֮ҵĲҲƵʷһֺƵʡ
ڸղŵĻУ˴ҶڵһٴεյӴޱȵԪЩԪҲˮԵ
ڵڽЩİ£ЩѾҪٴι̻ǿеƽ˵
ɫٴεķӳˣͬǴǿĸʴһѾڵеȴ˺ܳʱˣڵڿĽ֮󣬶ԷѸٵĿʼȲĿʼں
仯ҶȻЩ֣Ͼ⻨ڿʼʱҲǴڼӿؼˮĴ߻ڿԼС⻨ã
䣡
ʱٴεķѾԲĵоȻʼµıȻƴĿʼǾ
ôܡ
Ҷ̲סĽе
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Ĵأ˵ļһ֮д治˵Ŀܣ⡶ת֮ĵӵǿޱȣƵĵȴڸҶԼĵﾹȻ޷Һ壡
Ҷ˽Ĳ࣬ӵ˽Ҳ಻˶٣Ͼﺱ֪Ҳ˽⵽Ǵٽתһֱ뵽⾹Ȼ쵽ѵĵز
ܵԼĵڲϵƻҶȻǲҴ⣬ѸٵĲ谭ԷӿЦǵҶõĳ̶ȣҲõȥЦģһɾˡ
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ԽԽӿ룬ҶоԼ·֮¡ڵѪҺƺҪһ㣬Ǳǧ塣ʹֻĺУ
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ֻеǱһ˺ѿȫĹһ¼壬ľʹֱ˿ĳ̶ȡ
¶ʱޱȿµչ˳ڽ˾֮󣬶ͬҪһ㡣
ͻȻʱŵޱȵȻĳҶϣ˳žԵޱȵĴ
ͬǾһĿֲЩɢŲͬľŵû˿ԥھдʱ򲻶ϵոڽĴУǰԵȻɿ޸˵ľ
һޱů⿪ʼҶڲоԼϵı仯Լʹĸо֮ҶȻ棬ȴѸٵץסᣬɿתת
ƺŵĳ֮һжʼޱȵҶѾԲشڵ׾ٵĽ͵֫ٺУ
ǲѭľһε׳ҶȴûзԼⲿһֹصı仯ȻĲ
ʲô
Ҷչֳı仯̲֮סĽ


045 
һĵĮ֮ɫľ޷϶仯ǷͶԷʲôϵ
ڿҶָı̲֮סĳ鴤һԼǣֻҶֱϣɫڻð
Ǳɫ̬ɢĹâж޷ڸеıϢеⲿͬһ߸ԵһջͿµĸо
ԣصľȻ˵ޱȵǿ󣬵ǰȴûиı壬ԷȻΪֹû˺Ҳ˵ڱǰȻûз飬ȻҲǳֵģѵ˵ǡ
뵽Ҷ֮ųֵı仯ӲɵҲ²ˡ
ϹŵȻǷͬСɣе϶ÿһεɶᷢӵЧȻԺܻ˵ĸıĸֻ࣬ǲ֪Ƿշ磬ǺǣһֱӴĻǳΪ˹ˡ
Ȼ˵룬ȴһĶˣϾϰ߶ԼʮֵעأڻϹʱڲٵǿ߶ƽǹصӡ
žžž
ʱһٴε쳹⾲׵ɽԵޱȵ֮ı̲֮ס˽ڿ˾̲֮ͫסҲĲ
еһֻƺǶڱ֮ǸȤ˵ɺ΢΢һУﾹȻһɫĹâİž񱩵֮Χٵʧˡ
ǴɫĹâס֮ı֮һĽӲǺܿ¶˿ϲӣͫٵıպϣҲʼһһĶϿٵϵɫâ֮Ǳûȫָ˿˲ϲϵƬҲʼԽ
žžžž
ԽԽƵĳ֮ҶϵҲʼϵزʱ֮һɫĹâʼϵĴѷпʼ˳

ڵһҵرҶһһƱ
ʱҶû˿ʶһ㣬˫Ŀ΢΢ţǿֲľȴӰ϶вϵ˸
ԡתΪΪΪеΪؼڣ໥ĵһ𣬽ԼͬһһĴ
൱ĳɹģҶʶȻ֮䣬ϵֿµĸоȴĳĸйУȫļÿһļÿһëޱĸоˡ
һεɲҶĸоȴ·Ǿ˺ܳһʱһ㡣
ˣ
ڵʶʼع鱾壬Ҷ˫ĿȻ˫Ŀǰ񱩵Ȼĳ֣Ľռγµת

ҶϢļСڵһըУɼȴ׵鶴ʮ֮⡣
ʦҳɹˣ
Ҷָʶ֮һ˵
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ҲǺʵ
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С׷ɿҶļϲȻǶڸղŵĵºǲİοСףҶ컺˵
ϵı仯Ȼ˵޷ϸ˵ȴĸоԼǿͼ屶ĳ̶ȣ
屶ĳ̶ȣ
˵Ҷ˵ķٸ屶
һֶôֲĴڰȻûҶȴаڼʦǿߣԼǶҲڲ˵ǰ½ԷҶǺ棬ͨʦǿǷԽԼ򶯣
ǣ
ҶͻȻĿԼϵֱֵɫУϲɵ¶˾ȵɫʱƺѾ𲽵Ļ˲٣ֻǼ˵ĵطڷɫĹâ
Ҷע⵽Լϵı仯֮ҲɵÿЦ˵
ƺ֮ı仯ҿԼԿƣϾڿʼʱһߵĳȣȴѾ˲٣
֮ҶŻһϾͬӣȻôأʵҲ൱עˣӳȥԼԵĻ˵ĳΪһָоҶҲ뿴飡
ӦƵģ
ӱϾǾḻ΢΢Ĺ۲һ֮Ż˵
ԼʦĻ֮Ҷ漴Ҳ˫ĿһԼĲ֮ٴε۾
ʼߵֱ۵Ĳλڽ뵽λ֮һֺԵĸоҶУָоͺǴһĿһ㣬ҶҲٳɻش߶еĹؼλ
꣡
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ƺԼһһ㡣
Ҷ찵Ե뵽˸ղŵָоҶſֽû˹ǷɿĵԼһյʱ֮ҶѾɫľƿ
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µı仯ҶȻԾԾԵ뷨һοٵҶϵһǿҵĹâʱ˷·ǻһֻͻһ㣡
ݣ

ƿ쳹ʱҶɽгӰҲʮ֮⣬һ޴ͻı󻺻ɢ
ǰ޴ޱȴԼŰֱĵ飬ҶеĿȻ޷ı˳
ǿʵ̫ǿˣʹԼɵȻԷӳǰϵڵʵֻʿƷĳ̶ȣȴƷڿиղиû˿谭һ㡣
ϣ
Ҷֱ΢΢ĻӶʱɫпٵıâеĳȾȻﵽ˿ֲһ׳̶ȣ
ȥоͬһޱĿһ㣬ͨչֳľӨоȴһƷֻƷȴ˿ֲ
ٴεĻָһϵ״̬֮ҶѾԼ̬ܵ˵Լһεɭ̵ǲУµʱȻȥԼʵȴѾԼ޷ˡ
Ҹһ°
еҶЦ˵
ǲҪ׵ʾ˵ĺá
˵
⻰֮ҶҲܿķӦ˹ȷʵνĻһ˷ֵĻ²ֻŻ˵ĳֲ˵ļϣõеİ
ҲóĻ˸Ĳ֪ģԺ𵽲Сõġ
˵
ǵʦ𡣡
ԼҶ컺˵
Ȼ˵ĻԺͳ֮Ϊаɣ
ҶĻһɽУǿҵɱ֮ȴ΢΢üͷ
𣿹ص֣ȴһɱ⣡˵ٵɱ¾


046 ˾ͽ
뿪ɭ־ҪؼˣվɭֵıԵشߵɭ֣Ҷȴһֲĸоٴεҡҡͷ
Ǻǡܿһġ
˵ٵ̤߲ʼ뿪һ˲䣬ӰǷı֮Ͱ׻ĸӣҶ뿪ıӰСﲻɵصĽȴٴεı֮һ˦Լϣһﻺٴνɭֵ
νĽӣȻֻ뿪µʱѣٴεĻص֮Ҷ컹һĸо͸оǹ磡
֪׺ͽôˣٺ٣Щ˵İķ֮ûмҲ֪᲻˵ƲѰ
ʮһεĳǻᣬνĳǻǵһĽգÿʮ֮һΣһյʱ䣬ִˣ˵вٵС̷չԼݲϵƼԼƷ
ԼıӣҶ콫ͭǹóˣϾ˳ͭǹڳǻƺ̫ͻأˡ
ľҶ쾹Ȼһڵĸоζɵ丧һԼıӡ
Ȼ˵ҶûбԼƵ׻˲˵ע⣬Щ˻϶ЩޱȻĹ͹ǡ
ȻҶڼﵽʮ꣬ȴѾﵽһߵĳ̶ȣڳ˵ͨΪһı׼㲻ǰӣһ˫дųϢӸǸһϢ
ټҶǶʮ꣬Ȼֳд۵˫ظУһֽȻͬȻ˵ǰʱҶҲʲôνĳ磬ȴҲûܵ񹥻һʱɵЩǱļӿԼĽŲ
Ǹ곤úÿΰ
㰡ǲǿ˼ˡҲ󰡣ѵţ۲ݲɣ
ôˣ𣿲֪˭ҵô

ĻﲻϵƮҶĶʱٶȿʼøӵѸҲ漴ĴһЦ
˵ԼԵĿģ˻ȴҲ൱ĳԲ
Ů̫Ҳ˭Ӧ˵İ
Ҷ찵Ե˵
֪ҶѾߵһСƷ̯λϣ̯λˣҶϲɵ¶һĨЦ⣬ΪͽһǱ뺷ޱȵĿ̬Ҷסַɿĸϻȥ뷨
óʱûгԹյĲˣǻĺܰ
СҲƴĽ˼ȻǶҶ˵̾ѡ
ͻȻʱСͻȻľһԿɰ۾¶˺Իı顪޷ţСצҲٵ˺Ҷ·ָĳ
ôˣ
С׵̬֮Ҷϲɵ¶ɻɫ˳Сָķ˹ȥ֮Ҳ¶һ޵ı飬й޲
ҵ񰡣Ҳûлѣ㡭仯Ҳ߯˵ɡ
ֻĲԶһòŮһ͵ĿߵĸװƷϵıԵЩΣȴ޷ڸǵ¶˿ĺҸĻߡ
ŮӲҶĽҶֻ˭ǽ˵ĻҶҲֵľȣ߷ĻվһԼʮӡ
ӵӺӢҲ¶ޱȵɫʱĿߵҶᣬΪһ˵־Ȼǣһ𣿣
κһʲô
㿴ļ
ҶڿǰһЩ̾ϸ壬ߵ䲻ʵ
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Ҷһĺγ֡
ߵǰŮӣ˾ͽǱڵвɵԽϲ˶ԷĸҶС˵
˵ʲôʱȥ׺أ
⻰֮Ҷʱĺһֻȵβ͵Сèһ㼱æ˵
ᡭףĸ˵˵Ҫ޸ˡ
˾ͽǱԲɵÿЦĿΧٵڳԼŮŲ˵
Ȼ˵ĻֻȥҸŮˡ
ң
ҶڵҲʼԵһΣ˻ֵʱһεߴ˳
㣬ôأﶼվôʱˣ㾹ȻҵĴڰ
֮Ҷ϶ʱ¶˾ϲɫɿתȥֻһʮڿЦѵĿԼŲЦݷѾۿ˺ܳһʱˡ
㡭ôˡ
ҶɿĴ˾ͽǱڵгԼּæʵ
ǺܿҶǽı뺷ٴεĳ֣ҶޱȲ˵
㣬һӵĳȥ£кѵ˵֪׺жôĵ𣿡
Ҫ꼰ػˣҶ켱æĲ˻ʵ
㣬λ˭
һӽԼϣҶٴεĻҶĳ֮˾ͽǱڵнסԸ̾һ˽ܵ컯Ůӿ㣬ҶԱѵ֮ЦŹ˵
ã˾ͽǱڡλŵܵܰɣμǺǡָ̡
˾ͽǱڣҶĵһӡ㲻˵ϺȻǴһִҵķ緶ϢһļӵеģҶȻĲ²Էݡ
˾ͽǲԶռһС˾ͽҡ
˾ͽǱԣ϶ʱһ㶣ĿЦѵ˵
ڿʼʱ˵ڳˣҿʼţڿȷǳ˵ĺܰȷʵ˾ͽҵˡ
Ȼ˵ȴûκεİͬ˵һ΢һ㡣
ҶȴԵľ˾ͽϸĽҲǣȴǵԷǲԶһСȻƵС򣬵ȴҲǰеκεһҪǿĶࡣ
˵ļеܡҶҵڼ˾ͽҵ֮ҪԵĵһΡ
ò˵˾ͽǱȷʵһݽ츳ܿ£ҶҲʼſеʺͶԷ̸
ʱͻȻһ󼱴ٵڽֵ˳ϵ֮Ҷɫ΢΢һ
ಮôһܼӣ
Ҷҵܹܡ໢


047 ŭվ
С㡭үˡ̫ˣ
ңңĿҶ֮໢æɱڿҶ֮໢ϸǳ˼Ϳĵɫ
ಮʲô飿Ϊʲôڳǻϲۣұ˵ࣿ
ҶԼĸоһ˿أҲ¶ɫ
үЩ̫ãү·⵽һ˵ϮүԷˣ
ôܣ
Ҷͫ׶ʱľޱȵ۵϶ʱ¶һĨͿ񱩵ɱ⡣
ߣȻȥ
ҶҲæĶ˾ͽǱ˵
ǱڣҪȥһ¡һޱȽɫѾǽϡ
һ𡣡
ʱ˾ͽǱȻ֪Ǹóֵʱˣ˺ԥ˵
ã
ʱȻҲû˹͵뷨ɿĳҶҸۡȥһ·ҶֲֿƲɵΧ·Ǹоһ޷Ŀֲо
СһͲ󣬵ƾȻ˵ľˣôģ
˾ͽǱڽסޱȵ
һյʱѣҶѾϵ˼УʱҶҸۡѾΪһվҶҵĳԱ
һ뷢׵߻ش˳¶͸ص飬˱Ҷеļλ¸صҽʦ֮һ
ҽʦ½еһЩ޸֮ȴҽ츳ĴڣЩȻ˵û̫ʵȴĴ֮ޱϲĴڡ
ⲻʱķĵط˭ұ֤Լûпˣ˵ҽʦĴȻҲ൱Ҫġ
֮߳ҶҲ񣬼æʵ
ȸϣôˣ
ΪȸϵڿҶ֮Ŵ¶һĨĵЦ⣺
С˰
ǺܿϵĽ֮ɫȴٴεĳ֣
ֵ̫ݶˣȻǿ峤ĵ֮Ϊ峤һ˲ʱһԼ壬˾ͷˣǻΣգȻѾҽˣҩҲҪʮӡ
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˾ˣҲûסҶ֮Ҿ˱磬˵ŭɵټϺ˵ƣ鼱֮µı㶯ˡ
״һҵҲɵ¶һĨߺޣĹâһ֮źݺݵ̾һ
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СӾȻĳˣߣܺãܺãȻ㵽ܼҸۡµĻǾͲҪҽˣҶѧԺΪڵܼҲǺǵġ
˵֮ѸٵĶߵһλܼӵܷԸ
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049 ǿķ
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Ҷֳʵʵ̫ĿˣֿµɱѾ첻ٵܼҵС֮ס˼
߼ʵô𣿰˸ΧҶ죬ÿ˵ʵŴﵽߵĳ̶ȣЩ˵䶼Ѿꡣ
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ȴڱӦܼҵģΪʲôȴƫƫһޱȵҶС
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ⲻòҲ֪ʲô˳ªǶĵļһﾹȻһĻֶԱȵĳ˶ʱŻĸо
ǴȴƺǺһվһ԰ɫ۾ϵܼҵӵѲţ˵ѲӲ˵ЩŮԵĹ۲ţ̰ζ˲ëǡ
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Ħ֮ҶʱĿʼԵж˳ԷֶΣǽпԿóһ岻֪ʲô˵Ӳޱȡ
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ǿȭŷѸٶصĴҶĶϡߵҲ˵¶Եõɫɫȴûάֶãٴεı֮ɫ档
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Ҷ˫Ŀ¶˲иɫһͫк⼱ָΪצڶԷǾֵкݺݵץס˶ԷĶӣ

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ǰһʦǿ߾Ȼ޷͸һ߼壬ʵǹصĺܣҶѰ𣿲ʿųʦĴڡ
ҶĽҵﲻĳ鴤˼£ȴ̲ס¶˾ɫ
һҶ֮˿ӵе𣿡


050 ͻ
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ҵ㻹ʲôϽԳɡ
Ҷϱޱȵ˵Ȼ˵ޱȵı䣬ʵȴˣղŵѾķɻǹʩչÿһζᵼļ١
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ԭ˷Ϊ֣еһǻҵĻΪףһλҵȻʶǴȻΪԼġ
Ǹ꣬Ҷ쿴൱ı˾ͽǱڣڿ˶Էô֮һԼĽо˿ģȴҲʼǡ
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ԭ˾ͽҵүĳʧԶӭ
˾ͽǱڣҵҲʧĵط˼æĹӭȥ
˾ͽǱûһ¶˹֮ɫ˵
Сû°ɡ
ƺ֮Ҷϲɵð˵ߣ˵
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ǿ϶ģΪҵСôҲһ㰡
˾ͽǱھȻûԼҵ˫Ŀвɵ¶һĨŭ⣬ڿ˶ԷǼʮ̶߳ȵǿ߶飬ޱȵķŭȴҲ޿κΡ
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ֱӵĽҵһߣֱǵԷһ㡣
ˣ־Ҳճˣ߰ɣ
˾ͽǱڵ˵漴ҶҪ뿪
ʱҶȫѾʼоƣޱˣɵð˾ͽǱļʱûԼܿǻύˣֻߵʱҶٴεĿһǶһɪɪǸӣѾж˳Էݡ
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㻹ʲô𣿡
Ե
ޱȵİԵ
еĲмͰʮѾ˵˾ͽǱڵ̬Ƕôǿҡ
ҡ˾ͽѵҪ鲻ɣ¶Ҫһ֣Ҷ콫ܼҵĸɱô࣬ѵ˵Ҫһ𣿡
˾ͽǱڵ˵
ҵĻǽͣ˾ͽ֮ߡ
Ƶһ仰ȴ޾ɱ¾ϢǼʮ޶ʱĺȵ
ǣ
˵Щ˱ѾɫƵĶҵ𣬴һԲϱֵζ
˾ͽǱڡ˾ͽңãܺã
ҵ¶ޱĻдŭ


051 ɱֹ
˵Сӻǿ󰡣һ֮ȻܼҸĴ̬жǺǶһˡ
˾ͽǱЦ˵
⻰ʵΧ˵Щߡʿ²ʱͶηɫϱԿĳҶɵӰǶôľ޴
һܹͨһҲע⣬ҶȴΪ˴עĽ㣬ڵ仹ǲʮ꣬κεһ˶һԺﵽһֶôµĳ̶ȡ
һǱʵ̫ˣǺǣòҵǲ
˾ͽǱаԵ˵ϾҶǿ˵аһģȻҲޱȵĿĵġ
ǿҿûиоǿĻҲҪǵˣĻҹƾ͵ùҲˡ
ҶЦѵ˵ͻȻһǿҵѣɿĴϴ˳岻Ŀʼҡ
ιιιСô°
ҶЩԾ˾ͽǱڼæס壬ﲻļæе
Ѿġó
Ҷ˫Ŀɢ˵仰֮ȴʼر۾
һζһζԽɱˣķѵʵ̫ˣҶȴһֱڼţƾԼ͡תǿڶʱ֮ڸûиоĳ΢΢ķ֮ȻǿʼԭΡ
Һóһô˵ҲԺ׼򰡣Ȼ˵ҺóҺܳ𣿡
˽⵽ҶֻΪ̫ƣε֮˾ͽǱڲɵһȴ൱ˬ˵ΧǷ׷׵ԼԴѾĿ⣬Ȼƺȷ¡
˾ͽǱڴҶ뿪֮⻪Ż̾Ϣһ
˵ϵܰðҿû˵Сӡ
ã
Ѿڿܼҵʵ֮ǰνֳĳƺȥˣһȫԳߵ̬ҵ˵
ãڳЦң
˭˼ϣĸֶʧ˴֮Ҳúݵġ
Ǻǣϵܰѵ˵ûеҪ˿˾ͽҵˣԷǺҶҷ׷ǹʵģΪʲôҪԷ֪˾ͽƺҶҵǸŮӺǶİǺǣǽҶɱˣŪôǺǣеĹؼƺ˵˰ɣһҶѾ˾ˣһ˾ͽҵǰĻܼҺߺߣпܴ𣿡
кȻǴһ˿ֻζ
ߣҿ˵Ҷҵйϵģѵ˵ѾҶҲ𣿡
仰֮ϲɵ¶һĨǺܿȴӦ˹Դǵ˵
ߣҶңôᶯأȴǶֵĻѡ
ˣҵȴ֪ǰϺνǽƻ˼ޣ仰ˮֵжҲû֪ġ
˹Ķв̲˼֮󣬻ҲҴҵ뿪ˡ
Ż뿪ıӰҵϲɵһЦ
ߣܺãܺðǼȻѾˣǾͲҪˣҶ죬ţҶҼ˾ͽ֦Ҳ᳤õĵģȵǸ˵ܼ֮Ķջġ
˵֮ٴεĿһѾ˵ϵףвһĨɱӿʼΪֹܼҵʧģסֳ嶯Ҫһ쵰뵽ԷԼΨһһϵˣɵýɱεѹ
ҶҸۡ
˾ͽǱĸҶ˳ĳ¶˹֮ɫ˵
İСܵ㱣֤϶ģֻΪķѵ̫ԵʣԵ˶ʱˣֻҪĵһʱ֮󣬿϶ĿԻָġ
仰֮ҶС漴Ҳ¶İ֮ɫټҶҴʱҶѾˣҶ˻ԣҶһŮ˵һжһĪѹ
ʱڷеҶͻȻԼ˫ĿĶ˫ĿͫоȻĹطţƺͫһľˣµĹâļ䣬ͫζʱʧ
ʱسһϵĲ԰֮ɫ漴˵ʧѸٵıɺ֮ɫȫļҲڲϵŤţϵĹž죬һͬڴϵһ㣬ϵŤ
ΧռĿƺҲʼҲʱŵĳ鴤Ȼ޷ʹ
תͻȻٴεߣһֿµٶŤȻǿеƿ˴ĶȴҲ˵ĸϴһľʹ
ǿǳ˿ģϿҲֻӶһ֪˽⣬֮ҶȻǿ˲٣ȴδȫɸɾ
ھһս֮ҶʱĴӾ֫ٺӿ˳ǡת·߿ʼת
ҲˣҶٴεľסһϿĸ졣
ܵͬǲһһһľʹϮҶǿеҧסԼ촽¶ޱɫ
֣
һжҪ֣
ʹĳ֣һԵӶɵüͷ
еľʹ̶ȣȻ˵޷оǿԼĵӵҧֵ̬ȣгο֮⻹ϧ
Եÿп෽ΪˣǲȥԿĻĲνĽġ
Ҷ찵ԵкϵľʹҲʼŭȻ˼ĶܵԼ崫ĪɸУҶ̲סĴϢһ
ܼҡܿȥһΣҵıԣһһδҶԷʧôǲܾģһǸ˾Ȼ˺ҵĸףס


052 
յʱ漴ĹȥˣҶҺܼ֮ĦƺҲ˵ľ˵ĽˣʵϼɵӶ֪Ҳˡ
ܼʧȥĸ֮࣬һĳ̶Ҳ˵Ĵǵʵ˭Ҳʹ˵İݵġ
ʱȴҲҶҴ˵ʱ̣ϻķ棬ҶĴѾעҶҵѾƲɵˡ
һܼҵҵ˸ӵһȻ˵ûг֣ʵȴҲռ˱ˣһܼٴεĵ˸ı䣬ҶҵٴεĳΪϵ֮һ
ܼҵĵλҲзĻ䣬ˣ⻪ҶԼҶΪ
յʱ֮ҶҲ˵Ļָ˲٣Ͼһ˾ͽҵʵҪȡһЩҩǱȽ׵ģҲ˵˵˾ͽǱڵĹϵҶҲԽѺҶĸϸӵҶ˾ͽǱڵĸмС
ž
֮أ
һ֮ҶεĿеһƵĳǹʱĳǹȻٴεѳ롣
ڵѾܵķʮֻѵĳǹ
Դ֮ҶٴεĸоԼϵı仯ΪĵȼʿƷĳ̶ȣ֮Ҷ㷢ԼȻͽҵĳ̶ȣޱȵĻˣҶ컹Լ÷ȫ֮ĸı䡣
Ҷõı޷ķ̶ȣһʹòڣǹڹע֮ٵĶϳء
ԼҪѰһֵĳǹˣȥĻû޷ķӳҵʵⳤǹҪķѴĽǮǺǣ͵İܼҰ
Ҷ찵ԵЦ
Լ¶ļҶٴεĿЦ
ʦ⡶ת׵ĹЧôо𽥵Сչء
һ㶣ŹޱȵĿҶǽ׵ĺǰһƤӹŹֵ˵
ʱƺû飬ѵ˵Ҳ˶첻ɣ
ʦͽ໥Ĵƨһ֮СѾͷɿ¶˷ܵɫ˹ʱΪҶҵȽ϶࣬Ҳ˵СѾͷѾΪҶҵĹ֮һĽƺҲʼԽķɢһԽԵҲСѾͷ˿ʼԽĽ
үүȥһ¡
˵СѾͷٴεһҶ콡׳ļȴصķֹ
үƤôŮӵĻҪ𪼸ְ
ʱԺ״̬СѾͷҶ΢΢ĵ˵ͷڶԷһĳݺ뿪ˡ
˴֮Ҷ㿴˾ͽǱѾһֺ֮ɫĶԼĽҶ˵ʲôϵı顭
Ҷ֮󣬶ʱɫʼָұֿϣһӡ
Сܰ
˾ͽǱǼҶȻһָ
ͣҪСܣƺá
Ҷޱȵ˵
ȷʵСܰ
˾ͽǱҲ൱Ƶ˵ƺǽһ棬һٴεĽһЭ̺״̬һԵҶɵ¶һĨЦ⡣
˵ɣʲô飿
Ҷ쾲ؿ˾ͽǱ˵
ӵģҵĸҪʮ٣˵˲ٵˣҪһȥҸֱӵ̯ơ
仰֮Ҷٴεð˵ĺ⣬ȻǶûκε׼
ң
Ҷ˵
˾ͽǱڵ˵
ֲǲ֪ƢԼȥĻָǲɵģˣиһȥɡ
Ҷط˱ӣЦ˵
ҲҪҶѧԺˣһζĴڼȥ߶һҲǺõġ
仰֮˾ͽǱڲɵ¶˿ĵɫ
ٴεĽ۾Ҷᡣ
һ˲ȥ
Ҷ὿ޱȵ˵һδŮӺһһضԷмԸҶ˵һĪĿ顣
Сܡ
˾ͽǱٴεĽԼĿ⿴Ҷ졣
ðɣȥ
ŶԷϣҶ췢Լ޷ܾˡ
õģϣǣǳȥ߰ɡ
˵˷ޱȵĳҶ֮󣬱Ҷٵ뿪ˡ
ô
Ҷ˵ԼѾԽĿ͸Էˣǿ似صı仯ԼǿֲĶս;飬˲תһ㡣
ҶȴûȥѯʣΪԷԼĶӣ
ҲˣڵҶѾҶ첻ǵһСӣһ
˸׵ѯ֮Ҷ΢΢˼һ֮˵
ɴСܹҸȻõģڵĵ˾ͽҵ飬ϾԷҪǿĶࡣ
Ҷüͷ΢΢
㵣ģ˾ͽҵ˻ᷴ𣿡
Ҷĵ˵ͷ
Բûеģ֪˾ͽҵļ˾ͽνӣ˶˾ͽǱںӣҲԷѡϱҲǸӵעˡ
ҶЦЦ˵
˵ȷʵеƺ֪ҶҵѾﵽʲô̶˰ɣлѾǰԵĽˣܼҲѾյǿ˵ҶҲѾΪǿļ壬Ȼⲻ˾ͽңʺΪеĹؼ˵ǵʱҲܶࡣ
һɰȻζҲʼҶð˳
ҶǺÿüë΢΢ȴǸоԼһεǰ˵˳ģǺܿҶ˫Ŀȴ΢΢
˾ͽǱĵϲĻΪ˽Ҹ˵ûĵƴһˣܼңܿĵýǡܼʼһĸ󻼣ϵԽãҶ˵ԽΣա


053 
ܼҸۡ
ҵеһϵı鲻ϵر任ţһ˵
˾˿˾ͽҶܼһ൱Ͽɵģû˾ͽҼҲȥ
ҵ΢΢Ŀһۣ˵
ߣƨƽ೤ӣҿԽԽҲǸ߹ˣһҶҿǵһļ壬һ˾ͽȥģӺúѵ˵˵ļ𣿡
һҵײɵԴʱǹ൱ңܼҸۡܳȥʱʱĻҪҵѵ⣬ΪµϣԴҶֹһ֮û˯þһֱجš
㯵ɫҵɵٴεгһ
Ȱ׳ʺϳΪҵļ̳ڵĻöðҶҡΪʲôҶŰ
ʵϾǲпģֻܼԼ׵ˣҲԼΪѡȻޱȵıŭҵǿе˵
һ˾ͽҵȻ˾ͽǱģԷȻҪ˾ͽ֮еҶҵĴڣǰȥֻΪ˾ܼõʵ㣬ҪȥҶң𣿡
׵Խ㯣ҵ»ǿе˼
ľʮľ
ҵԵĺ޵ȴ޿κΡ
ܡҾҽô
ڳҶϣޱȵĿҶ죬¶εɫеŮǺΣһϲҶһĺķ˰յʱװԼȻЧ൱ԣޱҶھ˰յʱװ֮ٴεΡ
һѩɫĳȹǳ˵̬ͱԼµֱһҶһεѯ֮ȴЦõ˵
㣬ⶼڶʮһѯˣİɣƯˣ׼˾ͽǱǼһ￴֮Ӷɳ
Ҷٵ˵
ҶȻޱȵĿģȴǲĵһҶԴŭ
ƶ죬㶼Ц
Ҷ¶˹ŹֵɫؿһҶᣬȻ̾Ϣ˵
˵˾ͽǱ㣬⻹û޹ȥȻ˵̻ǸһˣܵܵҿǻԴ׵ġ
ҶҲٴεĸоԼղŵĻ൱һʱںݺݵĿҶһ֮󣬱㲻˵
˾ͽλǵǣȫ˾ͽҵ˿Ǻǵļ嶼û̫ϵĳͻ
ʱټ˾ͽۡνǵƻͨĵŻĸ֮ˣЩ˵вǿޱеǿ
˾ͽǱվڸۡǰϲʱɫ
ǰףٵȻҲʼϾܹ˾ͽٳӭӵݻǶôĸ߹󰡡
ٵ˲ԼǰģΪǵ߻ԼĺϾ˾ͽҿΪǿĴڣܹ˾ͽЩԵֵĻǿ˵һˡ
Ǳڸ磬ôﰡ
һ˾ͽǱڵı˳ֻһɫȹŮһĵĶ˾ͽǱڣһеâҪڽȥһ㡣
ŮòޣȻʮ߰ӣȴѾ൱ˣƾŲ׵ʺԼµʱѾΪĽ֮һһӲٵñľϿԿó
˾ͽǱ˵ȻûκεĹɱֻڿ˶Էһ֮ʵЦЦ
Ů˾ͽǱȻʶģ˾ͽг˼֮Ȩıǳϣ˾ͽҵļȻСǳȴˣϳĶڱչأǴ£ٳ棬黭֮䣬ǳµĲ֣ʱ
ΪһλϣҲǳ˾ͽ֮ȨһλϣŮӱϵŮ˾ͽڣΪеȻǱŷˮ뷨ҪԼŮ˾ͽǱڽΪ֮ãκε˾ͽǱھȻ˾ͽûκεĸо
˾ͽǱٴεĽĿƿ֮˾ͽڲɵС죺
Ǳڸǲڶ
˵СһѾ¶˵Ө⡣
ڶɲҪô˵Ǳ֪ĻΪ۸ء
˾ͽڵһ漴ٴεĶ˾ͽǱڻ˵
ǳǱڸΪʲôÿοڶǰģⲻʲô
˾ͽǱڿЦ˵
ڶ뷨֪һֱ㵱ҵÿģϵĺ˶ǣҼҲвٵĺжڶһҵҸõġ
˵֮˾ͽǱڲɵ뵽Ҷ죬Ĳ޶
ȻСС˵㣬ǰ;ܹСѾͷһĻҲһ鰡
Ƿ
ͻȻһ˾ͽǱڵע⣬ӢҲ¶˿ĵɫ
һˡ
ĻͣͣҶһˬĸԼıӵ˾ͽǱ˵
ιһǲ˵ҵĻ
ҶĻ֮˾ͽǱڲɵð亹Եĸ̾һĲô˵أǺܿȴȥҶɿߵ˳ǰĽҶǣ
͵»Ҷϣ͵Ĺâһ׵ĳȹҶͬµŮһ

˵˾ͽǱ̲ס˵
һҶȻ൱ˬԼΪݣǺܿȴоĹâڳԼȥԴ΢΢һᣬ㿴һһСŮһˬĿԼڿԼĽ㡣
˾ͽڡ


054 ֮
˾ͽĹĵӣҶ컹Щ׽͸˭֪С椾Ȼɿߵ˾ͽǱڵǰķۺ죬һݺݵصҶĶ˾ͽǱʵ
Ǳڸ磬ǲΪŮ˲Ųϲҵġ
˾ͽǱϲʱ䲻˾ͽڵĻʱ亹ֱð
ģôСѾͷء
仰֮ҶһҲгΣһЦĿ˾ͽǱڣڿЦ֮˾ͽǱڵȴѾʼ˾ӣæĴյҶĶĽԼСѾͷĹϵ
Ҷ΢΢һҲ˵˾ͽǱڼڽҶ֮󣬱ٴεĶѾ˾ͽ˵
ڶԣܸӵģȵ״֮󣬸ٸ㡣
СѾͷȻǲˣȴҲʶˣٴǳŵҶҽһ֮Ĺĵ뿪ˡ
ҶĿΧĻɵðԵĸ̾˾ͽҹȻ⸮ۡռ˵ҶҶҪĳ̶ȡ
СѾͷҶĲ⣬Ͼ˾ͽǱڵòףȻŮϲǺ飬ҴӶԷҶӵĿĳ˾ͽǱڶǸΪ˾ͽڵŮӷľǸ翴õ
ټҶԼ൱ţҲȥʲô
ߣҴǽɣôôҶ˺ܾˡΪ㲻ء
˾ͽǱһ֮ɫĶҶ˵
ϾѾ˾ͽҵĵطҶıҲʼýԵøӵ
ΧȴѾע⵽ҶҵĽˡ
ҶȻ˵൱ע⣬ҹɫУƽҶĲ֣ǷʱڣԻûбϳֻҶȴǱע
˾ͽҵүһİŮӵ֣Ȼôҿʼ²ҶҲٵɫҲʼѿ
ҶȥʱͻȻȻתһԻĿҲʼԶһصĵط˹ȥ
ҵԼ˫ݵ˫ĿضԼȻʮף˫۾ǿֲĦȴ·ʵһĳŶԷؽš
ߣû뵽ˣߣҵõĸҰֵ㣡
Ҷ찵ԵЦֹȴҲʼ΢΢żӵһֱһöʱը˵׼ʲôʱͻᱬġ
磡
˾ͽҵĴдʱѾˣЩ˴ʱҲڲϵؽţЩ˵в쵱ƽҲٵܸɾۼô࣬˵ʱٵҲ˽ύ뷨ܸԶʶˣԼķչȷʵһ顣
ǰһ֣ΧװҲ൱ĻŮƯȹҲػصĶžƲ˺͸ֵʳϵشȺУ׵ҲŶ˵Ĺâ
Ϊ֪Լʶ൱ѣҶ춼ԼǲһεĻصǰⳡޱȵϤ
ʱһλūʹյ˾ͽǱڵǰ˵
үȥһ¡
˵ū͵˫ĿҲĿһڱ˾ͽǱסֵҶᡣ
ū͵֮󣬶ʱĺ߿ٵĽСֻȴ˾ͽǱȵסˡ
˾ͽǱڵ̬֮ūȻҲǱ˺׵ıѡԭЩ߰ޱȵĹ
һ£ȥȥ
˾ͽǱ˵ҶȻǵͷӦҿҶ컹ûһﻹǾĺܡ
ֵĴһùһƣҶϸϸƷζ
Ҷ챾Ǹ߹֮ˣȻͻСΪ֮ȴһֳ۵ںϸУ˵ֽȻͬϢҶϴһ
ȾѾ˲ٵĴҹƵƵע⡣
ܡƲٵŮڿأ翴ûкʰ
Ժýŵ츳ÿŮ˵϶УҶȻҲû룬ڿҶ˵ܻӭ֮ɵôȤ˵
仰֮ںȾƵҶʱһھƽķɿĿû˵
㣬ôЦģҲŶ󰡡
Ҷ˵ͻȻһҶߴ˳
ιСӣļҵûĶȻڱ˵·ơ
仰֮Ҷ˫Ŀ΢΢һУתӣ˵֮ˣȻڶԷ·ϴʱ˼ν͸ĺۼ
桭ǲ˼ҵܵܲǹġ
˶ʮӣȻʲȴһ˫ۣҶϲӥǳϣһڸǵʢ˵ζ
ž
ԷһĿҶݹ־˫ĿҶ˼ۣûмԽǿ
˼˼ҵ·ϵȵģжޱȵĺһ䲻˼𣿡
Ҷ¶ʹɫҶɫʱһ䣬ɿҶСֻ֣ѾǺ׵һƬ
ŭʱҶб˳
ܣҪ¡
Ҷἱæİ
ǺǣûµĽ㣬ֲ۵ִ֪ġ
˵ƿҶֱۣҲ漴Ŀʼǰȥ
ӥУҶһ߶Ļ޷׵ļһʲôвʱ˫ĳѾ˲˵ע⡣
ߣʲô˾ͽңһαʢ˵Ը񡣡
һĴһԴ˾ȻǸղ˾ͽڡ
ڿ˾ͽڳ֮Ҷвɵô⣬û뵽ȻֽΧ
Ǻǣԭ˾ͽС㰡ôǳǱڸܵﰡ
㣡
һ˾ͽڶʱһɬȴԽ˵
꣬ʲôϵ뵷ҵĻǾ뿪˾ͽҲӭ㡣
ΪӲмЦ
ߣ˿ǷеһޣԺνǰ;ĴڣǸΪĻССǻ治ֵ
ǣ
֮Ҷ˫ĿԽѾŭ֪˶Է֮ȻԽ޼ɵȻ޼ɵĺܡ
ǵһ֮Χȴɵ¶һ˿Ӻ;֣Ϊǵһͷʵ̫ǿˡ
Ȯ໣˾ͽҼĴ֮գȥСӵһֱֻ۸ժ˼ҵ񡣡
һĶߵһźһֱĬ


055 ˾ͽ

˾ͽСѾͷû뵽ԷȻ˵ĿСѾķۺ졣
ߣ˾ͽڣ˵û㣬òҪǰСУûҪҳ֣ٺ٣Ȼ˵Ͳ󣬵ĻǲģҳֵĻߣҿɲұ֤ʲô
˵֮ٴεĶߵȮ໺ȵ
Ȯ໣㻹ڵʲôҷϵһֱֻۡ
Ȯ໵ͷٵǰȥһķ֮ɫĶҶЦ˵
СӣҪҡ
Ѿʼ޷ճˣ˾ͽڷɿת뿪ĿٵĳŴȥϽֹķҶҵˣҲԵĲ˵ճ
ҵǱڸ硣

ͣ
Ǿʱһ񱩵ƿȴѾ𣬶ģ

һĲҽҲ漴Ĵ˳
˵ϲҶҵŮ𣿡
һĿУһ΢΢üͷŶڵϵ˾ͽǱڵ˵
˾ͽǱҲûıͷ˵
ǵĸףѾˣҲ޷ĵġ
ף
ȥʮӵ˾Ȼ˾ͽǱڵĸ˾ͽࣿ
ԷӣȴȫûʮӣеʵȻǿɼһߵǿ֮ȫĿԸı޸ǿԸı䵽ĳ̶ȣһȥ߰ĺȴŰĸһҲ⡣
˾ͽǱڵǰ棬ϻżŮ
еһȥ˾ͽǱżֵƣԷ˾ͽǱǼᶨɫ֮һ޵ϲɵЦ˵
ٻῴǱ˼ᶨӰҶҵŮǺ˰
仰֮˾ͽϲɵÿЦ
ˣѵ˵Ҳ𣿳ǱҲ˵һѾǵļ壬ȻѾڷչˣǣӵĻһǲôá
˾ͽǱڵ˵
ףҪһˣֲһ壬˾ͽƺҲƶ֮οҶҵļ̳ҶһλţҶҺܿӵӰ֮±һĴҵġ
˾ͽ಻õ˵
ߣССͯʲôЩĴԶѡ
˾ͽǱںõ˵
ԣ׿һǴģҼǵܼһ֮ĴܼһϵʵвһλʦǿߺͶ߼ޣֻʮ䣬Ǻеϵ˾ͽ˵һ¡
仰֮󣬲˾ͽ࣬༸˵϶¶޷ŵɫһһֱδ˵˾ͽǱڵĻ֮󣬲Ĳ˼£Ҳǿʼޱȵ˵
Ǳڣ˵𣿡
˾ͽǱڼᶨ˵
Ǳڲ˵ѡ
ĵ˵ͷ
ʮѾʵĻСӵĵȼӦҲѾͻߵĳ̶ȣʿȷʵǲʲô֣
Ҷ죡
ˢ
˾ͽ˽סվԼ壺
Ҷ죬Ȼ

У
е˶ޱȵĿǰһĻûԶ˾ͽ޷ŵĿǰһУԭǸȥڼСӵ꾹Ȼһ̤֮ѸٵĳУ䣬Ȯ໵ֱ۱㱻ԷŤ黨һ״Ҹصİһš
ŵѾϷʹ֮Ȯ໣Ҷûκεʴȵ뷨ԷղŻҪԼϵ˵ĻԼȻҪֵġ
ԼĽһֻѾ֣ͨҶɱʱĿ񱩷
ߣ꣬ĹѾһֻɥ֮Ȯֵˡ
۵ŴޱȵʱǳɫԽ
СôĵӣȻҷϵҵˡ
ҲԵľȮ໵ʵѾﵽߵĳ̶ȣȻ㲻Ǻǿ󣬵ƾľͲбֶΣһֱ൱ĸԼģһ֮£һУǰжѣ㱻ǰҶϵˣȻпʼ˼еĹؼ
ôˣ˵ˣTMD𣿡
ҶĻѾʼ޷ڸˣⳣ꾹Ȼ˺ԼĽ㣬ѾҶĵߣҲ˵һҶҲûʲôõ̬ȡ
С㾹Ȼң
꣬ôﲻķǣǣʲôʸҫ
һŭ˳֮˾ͽڵ϶ʱľϲ
Ǳڸ硣
˾ͽǱڣȫû뵽뿪ôһ㷢飬ҶԴɱ֮ɵһǺܿŭҲʼȼΪҶСϷѾú
˭ɵģ
˾ͽǱĶҶʵ
ûµģǱڣֻһ׶ѡ
ҶİοϾ˾ͽңȫĲ뽫ִˣȴűҲôġ
¶Ե֮ɫ˵
ô˾ͽǱڣԭϲŮ˰̫ûˣֻǳܽһ¶ѡ㲻ɡ
˾ͽǱڵ˫Ŀʱķ˱ĹâĿų꣬ǿֲŭⲻɵһ
ǾʱǰȻȻһһд۵ȴĶУ
ߣ֣ϵҲúõؽѵһ㣬ŵʱǲǳҩˣûôҧأ
ž
žžž
˵ʱ̣ϱ㱻ݺݵʮµĶ⣬ص˲
ÿ죡
ǻʹнסһ΢ĵӣȴٴεıŭˣĻ߷ɿ¶ǿµϢ
Сӡ㾹ȻҴҡ
ֵҶ졣
߲ϹʱڵĳҶԽĻɱ֣ÿνǹûģ˰ճʵˣһʱһ˱ҪǿĶҶ죬ȻҲ˵ĳ˴
Ҵ𣿲˼Ϊһֻأȥúõװһ£һҧˡ
һҶѾ˲ֵˣĳ̶ȴӵǿҡ
ߣҿҲǣҧҲ÷ط˾ͽң
걻֮˾ͽǱвɵðˬѣϾǳֵĻܻܿ˵ҵľӵأ̣ǿ̡
Ȼȥҩ
Żļ˾ͽǱ˵

Է˵ıţҶ޷СѾ糺
쵰ȥɣ
˶˵ǰܵ˵裬ڵʧҲ˵ģٵĳҶϳ˹
ߣϷס֡
ͻȻһȻһǿݺݵشⳣǰԷǻסֵĻǵ˲Ĵϡ
ܵϵǿѹ֮󣬳겻ɵɫ䲻ѣ岻ȥ
ס
˾ͽǱڼ֮ɵý
˾ͽĵ˵ͷĶų꣬˾ͽǱڱҶʧȻûȥܡ
Ѿҵˡ
˾ͽǱڰԿĵҶҲ۾ǰȥѵӣȴѾԵľ
һǿϢ


056 ˾ͽټ
˾ͽĵϲɵ΢΢һ䣬ɫޱǿ¶һĨЦݵ˵
˾ͽմ֮գҸǰף٣ף綫ٱɽ
˾ͽ൭˵
ףپ˰ɣ˾ͽൣľûףٵ˼ߣȥ߳룬ǣǷ֮أ˲ҪԼһ״ûݹҲյֵ֮顣
˵֮˾ͽĳ΢΢˦ٴε˵
ȻѾˣҲˣˣͿͣ
ǿӲ̬ɫڵıޱѿ
Ҫߣ
˾ͽɵ˵
ѵ˵㻹ҪϷȾƲɣҹɫ̫ˣԼһ˴һȥǲȫҹɫϽ뿪ɡ
ˣ
ѾǡԹڸˡ
ڷ߳ʵۣǴС¶޵츳˵һֱΪҵ飬ܵĹĴǳԼ˾ͽǲмɫڵĿҪܲסˡ
ҵĲɫޱŤ
ǺǣܺãСֶһĻ治ʱ򰡣˾ͽҹȻǿƣСֶǰΪףپȻҿ֮һЩҲҪֹˡ
ҶƲƲ죬аԵĸ̾һʵϧȴ˵İ׳գҧ˵ĹУⳣһ̶ֻ硣

˾ͽĺȵ
Զʱһȫû뵽˾ͽྐྵȻʱʼ˺
ֵĳ֣Ҷǽһˬǰװ۵ϼһҲ˲СĺøУܹΪԼȻˬȻҶҲĳԷһ뷨ûƵĲ˵̻Լ
һʱĳҲȻĴסˣķɿת뿪
ţ
ڼⳣҪ뿪˲䣬˾ͽٴεĵͺȵ
㻹ʲôҪ̵ָ𣿡
ʱƶˣɼ׳еŭǶôĿˡ
Ȼ˾ͽҲûԷ̬ȣϾѾô˵˺ҲҪȥ˼ʲôˣָŵѾΪʹ˻еȮ໣ǵȻ˵
ӣ뿪˾ͽҿɲˡ
նѾΪŭԵʶ³鴤ڿǳԼ˾ͽȫĲЦ֮ڵһҧɿĴȮǱޱȵ뿪
ǺǣλϷĴ֮գ˵λɣǱڣϷչһ¹ǡ
˾ͽǱһ˷ܵ˵
ǡ
˾ͽյľٶѾ˵ϣϾҲʲôǣǺǲµĴڣĳ̶ֳ֮仹ŲСһ˾ͽȴĴ֮йϵ
ĸ׳Ƿеİ˾ͽҲͬĴǵҲˣڵ˾ͽȫĲԼӣ˾ͽҺͳ֮ĹϵҲʹ˵ˡ
ǿ˾ͽҲ൱ˬӣȻȥùͷ
Զҵ˾ͽı֮вɵԽŤҶıҲΪⳣҶ֮ìֱܼѩ̿飬һĶĻ˵һޱõ顣
ȴû뵽˾ͽྐྵȻ˵ΧԷ
ѵ˵ҶҵǸСӻΪ֮һɳ첻ɣ
ڰԵ˼ʱ˾ͽǱȴҶߵǰ˾ƣΪ˾ͽǽڼͬڵȻ˷ޱȵ˽Ҷݡ
ֻ˾ͽȴǲˬĹĵĺƾƣЩ۵ӵǰĴڨŭѣٲȻһСζ
СѾͷ˵İԵҶҪȥο䣬ϾǶԷִˣҪȥлһǾʱһߵҶĵ˵
Ҷˣȥһ¡
Ҷвɵһĵ˵ͷȴûз뿪֮˾ͽҲ˹ȥ
˵Ĵ£Ҷܿı㴩˳˴һ̨֮ͤ·һƻͨĴУͣ
ҶˣɣСֻܴ
Ҷĵ˵ͷıֻǰȥ
ͻȻһǿȻĳѹ˹
ǿֲϢͬһ޴ޱȵĲһ㣬ޱȳܵޱȵѹ
ͣ
Ҷϵĳͬһϵתš
ߣڹĸһ𣿡
Ҷ൱ˬĵ˵ȴ޾ɫǰȵȥ
ž
ǰʱĵ΢΢һ£ǵҲ漴ķһ΢޴ķ϶ͬ֩һĽŵΪĳ˷ʼ
ף
һ֮Ӵд˳ٴεӡ

ʱĴһɼ쭷ʱѾڴĻ԰зת
ߣֻ׼ҿûһζķĴ㡣
Ҷ찵ԵĺߵȻһ٣ٴεǰȥʱϵȴѾʼ˳
תķʱͬһתŵķâһ㣬ƿϵѹ˾ͺûܵκε谭һ㣬ǵǰȥ
ϵҲʼŶԷǵصѹƻȥ
Ǿʱ򣬶ԷƾȻͻȻʧͬµıѩһ㣬Ѹٵʧ
ҶǽһưϵûڵĿʼֻͬȭͷݺǰ壬ȴԼ޻ϵ޷йĸоҶ첻ˬĲѪ
ѾģǹҰ
˴֮ҶſŵĲֻһˣҶڿŶҪԷһٵ˾ͽ֮⣬һҶ²ܱܿ˾ͽԭˣλ֮»һ뷢׵ߣʱѾ֮ɫˡ
ǵҶ콫ԼĿ⿴ԱߵǸ˵ʱﲻɵ̲סĽ
ôҲ


057 ˵
ҶĻ֮󣬺¶˲ˬ֮ɫ˵
Ϊʲô
˵ѾʼװͰ
ԭ˾Ȼ˾ͽڡ
ҶԼԴ˼һ֮Ƶ˵
Ҽǵ뿪֮ףٵĴеģΪʲôĻ簡
˾ͽȻҶûжУ뵽ܻܿΪԼɩӣȻ൱Ĳˬ˵⻰֮û˵
Ҫܡ
һһĶ죬˾ͽ̲סĳ鴤һ£
СӣӦòҵĴڰɡ
˵仰֮ȻǿҶǻȻӣڵҲˣҶѾԼĴڡ
ꡭ
˾ͽ˽ססСЦԼɷԱѵ̬ϲɵҲЦݡ
ʲô𣿡
Ҷ˾ͽʾϺʵ
Ҷ⣬˾ͽҲ¶˺ɫȻҲ൱ĺΪʲôȥԼСϾг˾ͽҵ֮⣬ҲֻƽһЩ˵òŻᶯõġ
һأΪ˲һʵҵĲ²ûдģʵȷʵѾʿĳ̶ȣǱѰʿȴǿ˺ܶࡣ
仰֮˾ͽڵС첻ɵóùԲǾӿȥǿɰһԵ˾ͽ˿˾ͽǿɰ֮󣬲ɵƤĸСѾͷԴһ֮ɫ
ȷʵѾﵽʿĳ̶ȣʲôϵ𣿡
˾ͽЦЦ˵
ȷʵһĹϵģ˪ӦҲ˵ҶѧԺɡ
Ҷĵ˵ͷ
˾ͽͷٴ˵
һεĸ߼Ժѡβͬ꣬Ӧ֪ｫķΧжڴģһεĸ߼ԺѡҲȫɴΪ˵ҲһΪؼѡˣѡҪ˲Ϊģ˵ǧоۼеĵһޡ
Ҷ˫Ŀ΢΢һһ޳üë΢΢
еĵһۼ
˾ͽ˵ͷ
еĵһ
Ҷжʱһը˹ֻǵһˣֻһСĳĵطЩĳȽϣĵһƺӵĿ£ʵȻҲǸӵǿ
һսȴȻб˳
Щдһ°
оҶϵս⣬˾ͽ಻ɵ¶һĨ죬˫ĿȴԽϲ
֪ΪʲôҪһεʱе˾ۼһ𣿡
ҶҡҡͷϾһεǧԼѾԽľȻ޷²еİ
ΪҪҳһ

Ҷϸϸľ׽ֵĺ壬۾Ҳڴ˵Ŀ˾ͽࡣ
ǵģÿŻһεƺţһҪǿĻҪıǴ˲ţ˲ʲôһҵѪҺѪҺҪʵģֻʵѪҺſһڴ˵ɢ˵Ϊᳫ޵ĶҲΪ˱ܹò˥˵ÿһжеǿ߱㱻֮Ϊ㣬ʸȥȡĳƺš
ĳƺš
Ҷ˫ĿǾѾԽһԵ˾ͽڽסĽǶȴ̲סҪȥۿ
˾ͽгʵ֮Сϲɵ¶һĨ糺죬Դʱ˾ͽǸʵظ
Ǻǣ˶˵ҪԼȥȡ
Ҷԥʵ
Ĺ򡣡
˾ͽҲˬĻشǻشĽȴҶ൱ƣ
Ҳ֪
ƺǿҶԱѵӣ˾ͽྐྵȻ̲סİˬȴٴεĽ͵
˲ŵѡҪʸʱ൱ϸģǵһѡηʽĻ޷ĽΪѪҺѡγӵĲҪ˵ѰҵˣÿһԶһҲΪ˱֤Ǳϸԡ
൱ڴʲôʱУ
˾ͽ˫ְڶε˵
һҪȥѯ˪ˣϼһﵽȻҲ֪ݷ߶һ£´ĵúúõһ١
⻰˼Ȼ˵Ĺϵǲǳ뵽˵ĵλȻһҲͿԽˡ
ȥúõ׼һ°ɣһĳɼǵķչҲҪģ˵˾ͽһҲȫȥ֧ģȻˣҪʲôĻǶ˵Ҳֵ֧ģǸһССļ壬ҲǿԵġ
˵֮˾ͽѾ¶һĨɱ⣬˾ͽ֮ҶҲ¶ͬɫֻǷ·ǴСֻȴһԵ˾ͽ˺˾ͽڷ׷׵һڡ
ܿףٵֻҲѾˣҶҲһεļ˾ͽ˵ˣȥŮ˾ͽ˵ĺøжʱĴһҪ˾ͽҹҹ
ϾԼδĶϱ˵˾ͽڼҶ֮Ҳ˶ԷĴڣ˵ĶҲǹذĺܡ
֪ԼĽȻﲻܵʲôίģ˵ֻöһ˵ؼұˡ
ҹɫ
ҹˮ
ƥҶ첻ɵǰмԦĦгĸоǱζҲԽ
˲һǰȻһʱѾǵһ·ˡ
ɫ»ҶķſԼϸϸƷζؼ
ҹļžޱȵĴΧҲ·ǻһ㣬ʼɿҶϻƣصļнʱĴ˿˿ķϸǿҶ塣

ٴε³һڳ֮ҶоԼȵľƾȻһɶȫľøӵʵ
ѹ˵ǰǶϲɽ˼į֮⣬еٶѾһеĸȫɨˣӵ˳
ܵϵֳʵ֮Ҷ쾹ȻһҪĸо
ͻȻҶϺë΢΢СҲֱۣһֱĸол
¶ȵı仯Ǹйϵı仯ߣصĺɱزסĻĸо˵ҵ𣡣


058 
ˢ
ҶĻոյ֮󣬶ʱһӰѸٵĳҶǰԹѾų޵ȴҵֻ˭
û뵽㾹ȻܹоõҵĴڣҶһС㡣
ҶƥϣӸµĶŶԷ¶˼ɫ˵
ߣҵ߿𣿡
ҵɱչҲŤѣ
ǵģҺ߿㣬ڵıǵԼۣһֻһ㣬ȴĳɳҳɳѾòӵĴڣ˵ұɱ㣬ϡ
˵ʱҵѾʼĶʱһֻͻѾ׼Լ
ҶѾǿǻܵ˾ͽע⣬ϣ˾ͽߵΣѾˣȻ֪˽ЩʲôǴ˾ͽڿʼʱ˾ͽ಻ϧȥǷǵĳάҶΪбԿóҶһֶôµļֵ
˵ҵѾܵȴˣһζĵȴֻԼڣΪҶһ˯һ㣬̼ıѾѣҴǱ
ɱ뽫һɱ
ҵԵ¶˾ģһûᣬΪҶոպͳìܣһ˵Ļǳ˺ѻɵϡ
Ϊ˱˵Ļɣҵֻһ˵صȴҶĳ֣ΪҶҲ֣ӵĻȴԸСİ
ѵĻҪҡǼˡ
뵽֮󣬻ھذҵͻȻȻһ˾ȻѸٵĻһӰҶ켱ٵس
ž
ݣ
ͣ
жʱĿʼ·ڿзĦϵط
Ҷͫ׾ҵ
ÿٶȡ
뷨֮ҲٵĴϷٵ
һ򲻶ҵȻʵֱǳҶֲֿٶȺǿѹҲѾһͨ޿Դﵽˡ
ͣСӣٶ̫ˡ
һѵҶϣҶҲҵ
ˡ
ҶаԵ뵽ֱʱҲѾһһ߶˺ۡ
ѪʱĴ˿ð˳ҶȴѾ˲òãֱȻĳŶԷȥ


ҵصıҶֱ۴У֮ҶӵûͣЪ
ֱϵļ˲ıѪУעͬһһ㣬ٴεֱֱĴȥ
̣

һεĽȴѾҵ𿲿ĵסˡ
ɳʯ
ĲľѾ˵緢ʼĽһķ
ʿһﾹȻҲʿĳ̶ȣƷϱҵҪǿ󡣡
ҶڽӴ˶ԷľУԵľȵȴԽѸ
ž
ͣ
䣡
µʵһܷɽѡ

һεײ֮Ѹٵķֿˡ
ֱһµѪۣҶ˫Ŀʱ¶˷ŭɫ
ҵ㾹Ȼ˵ıöʹ˳
ֱֻ۵˿ϣʱȻðɫѪҺֱҲѾ˿˿ĺɫҲ˵ĿʼɢţһӶ
ȻǾ綾֮
ߺߣթֻҪܹɱˣܼҲſԸõöߣǸӶֶΣֻҪԽɱҲԥʹá

ԷһɫذͬǿֲĲһ㷢ĹâڶԷвϵתš
õģĲ㶾ԡ
û˿ǵ˵
⻰˵֮ҶҲԼоȻٵðһɫЩڷڽĺɫ֮ȻޱȵĳŶԷΧ˹ȥ˲ûڴ̰ޱȵĳҶ֫ٺʼɨ
οССĶأİڵҿȫյġ
ٴε˵
Ҹоˣȷʵʦ𣬿һСߺҵҪʧˡ
뵽֮ҶȻ룬ѸٵŶԷԾȥͬһֻͻһȫסҵ

񱩵Ļ˷ԲһķΧǿֲĻХҶҵ̲סһȴĽе
Ҷ죬ˣתԽ죬ڵĶرԽѸ͡
ȴûзҶֱϵѾһ˺۶
Ѫ̤죡
ʱҶȴѾ嵽ҵǰ巢ɲĻХӽϣϥ֮Ȼֲֳֻʵʾ


һʱҵ赲˫ֺҶϥǺݺݵײ֮ڵ̲סҽ
ѪУѾŰĹγɭɭİ׹ǣֱ㣬ӵأϵİ׹ǶѾԵѿˡ
ǿеİסԼ˿ڣҵͫײֹ
㡭㾹Ȼû£ܣ
ǵģʱҶ첻ûκεжļϱѾֵ˺۶Ѿ˵ʧˡ
ôܣ
ǵⲻܣһ˾綾˾Ȼ˲Ļָԭ״̬ϵƶֱָˡ
Ҷǰһȴ˵
һ㳯ԼŭҵҶȴƺҲ˵ҵһ˿ķйĵط˶Է״̬֮Ҷ쵭˵
ûʲôǲܵģҵ𣬴һʼʱСңӦ˵ľͲעңԸΪȫĿҵĴڣ㶼ΪɵĽɱ̫Ըˡ
ҶĻ֮ҵϾȻʼóƽĶʮ꣬ǴĿ⾲Ĺ۲ţʱڵĿʼĵһעһˣ˻Ǹꡣ
ȷʵҴˣһȴɡ
˵еذȻĳҶ켤
©ٳʽҶŤŤӱ˶ԷһǽǽɿյҵȴɿĴӻóһϸƿӣٵĴ浹һöɫĵ裬¶˷֮ɫĺ
ǳΪˣҲҪɱҶ죡
˵֮ҵȻĽеĵҶȴٵĳΪһֲԤѾС


059 ص

ҶƸոսӴҵ֮һǿľȻĴӶԷϱҶ챾˸Ǳɾ޴ľ˳ȥ
ž
弱ȥҶ¶˾ޱȵɫһĸоɴ˵ó֣ǾʱһֱܵľȻͷ֡
һӰȻʱҶǰ
¶ЦӣǿֲϢԼǳ޵ҵ˭
ÿĶ
ֻҵȻĿٳʱԷѾ˶ֱͬǶһ㣬ѸͶҶĳҶݺݵػӶһӡ
䣡
һ򵥵Ķ˲֮쭷ΧĿѸٵҶ챾˾ȻоԼǰһһͣٴεĲı˳ȥ
⶯ѸͣµٶȣԼ͵ľȫĳҶԤϣʱҶҲѾ˺ʮ׵ľ롣
ߺߺߡ
ҵͬǷһҶ첻ԶĴЦ
䣡
ЦݣΧٴεķһƵıϵľ
ܵ˶ԷľѹҶҲԽľ
һ仯ôô˲ʱֿ̾Ʒ츲صı仯
ӵ˵
ö衣
һֲмζҲ¶˳
˲ĴﵽѰڸ߰˵ȻǿģѾ˳Ĵڡ
֮ǿȴҪĴۡ
ٴε˵ԼѹҲûзϣΪҶģҶԵֿѹ
Ҳֻԭˡ
Ҷ찵Ե˵ʱеɱҲѾɿı˳
ʱҵȫѾ仯ĺ͸ղγ˼ȻͬˣǱͬһ㣬ޱȵղһĳ̶ȡ
ҲϵкɫѪҺûһ㣬ҿɱ
һö񵤣ҵʮ̶ȵĳҩܼҴ֮ҲʹĴζѣҲѾһöˣúΪǽˣǵ˵ļʮ꣬㲻ʲôҶֻҪɱ㣬˵㲻ʲôֻҪˣ˾ͽҲȻĲȥע⵽ҶˣҶ仯һжΪ֮һĴڣ˲ĴԭΣǸʱҶһܼҵ֮ֵã൱ֵá
Ҷ쵭ЦˣӸղŵĽΪֹҶȻһֱڽŵֿʵȴҲ˵ǱΪһֱڸŶԷﵽһس̶ȡ
ʦƷ
ҶóĽۣԷҲʦƷұʦ˵ҵʵʤƺš
뷨
ͣ
Ҷ첻м˵徹Ȼ״εȽ
ſдĦ֮ҶҲ漴Ŀҵ
̣
Ҷ
ʱ˫־ȻĶ
ֻֻ̣
ͬĶѪ˺ֵĹȻͬһʱչ˳
ӵ˫ĿⱩһĶõ˲٣ȴǺĴڣû뵽ԼӾȻҲһ츳
һʹã˲ǵһһô򵥣ǿʽΪһʹãȻں϶Ҳޱȵǿҡ
񱩵ľųİеĿռȫ

ͻ֮ޱȵĴҶѪҺʼо˷ڣʱ·ǸоԼͬǱһֻ˯ͻһ㣬ʱѾ¡ˣ
սɣսɣ
Ҷ̲סŭƸӵǽڽڵߡ
ܵҶϴƣҵһ䣬дźѪϲɵøӵĿֲ

ĽһĴ˳ҲѸٵĳҶһĨâǺڰŲ۵Ĺ⡣
䣡
ֶΣ¼ַҹ
ХӿҶŭһ֮ȻĴԽ˶ԷǰݺݵسŶԷȥű֮ĳ֣ѾԵ˽ȥ
ۣ
ɫѪҵʱȴûͣЪȻӲĿסҶһ֮ӵǰ˹ȥ
Ѫ˺֣ԭˣνġ˺־Ȼ㺬塱
Ҷʹޱȵʱ˫־ȻȻٶͬͻʳһ㣬ΧĿٵƿʵĿѾȫĸҵĶ
ͣ
οЦкȻһֱֻ۴ҵı˺

ҵһҵĳ鴤̲סĲҽһʱȴ·Ƿһ㣬еһֻұۿٵĳҶĲϴ˹ȥ
ɡ
Ĳ൱ĵطҵżһʦ˱֮Ҳ˲ĵصġ
ҵеذ֮Ҷ첻̾ԷЩذ׻Ƕడǳ˵Ļûбİȷʵ޷͵Ҷ˭ų֪ǿС
ͣ
˼֮䣬һĨѸٵ͸⡣

ŻĽһĨͬǶһ㣬ĳҵĨ˹ȥ
ͣ
ʺдڵѪӿ䣬ͬȪһĴҵ˳䲻â˲Ľҵһֱֻ
ϣ
ϳصذ״ӿе˵ϣ
ˣ
쵽һ׵Ҷͬǳһķ
⡭ʲô
ҵһѪ̲֮סʵʱѾȫʧȥģΪ˫۱ϣӵڵѾʼȫĲܿƵı
񵤵ĸѾڿʼγ
ߣһ㲻Ҫ֪
ҵҶȻûʲô֮ͬģΪΪĹ似˳ˣ֮УǵڵϵĿ±Լˣ˵Ҷ첻ʲôͬġ
ߺߣҶҵСӣܺãܺãǲ׵ĵµģҡҲҪһ𡣡
˵ҵ徹ȻٵٴΧĿȻޱȵĳ֮ҶʱĿٵĳ߲ת˼ޡ
ˣһɡ
ҵĴЦҽȴسУ
һ㶼ġ
ͣ
Ĺâʱҵ屻ضϣ
ǳһ׵֮滺ѪҶҲΪ֮ѷ
ᡭұġ
ҵ˵
𣿡
Ҷ첻мЦͻȻɫ΢΢һ䣬е֮оȻⱩһĹâȻҵϱ֮˳һӺѸٵĴҶչˡ


060 ֮
ž
һҶҲ˵ĲĽӴ˵棬ȫҲ˵ĲܿƵĲ
ӷɿĴз˳ɫ˵
ôˣ
ҶЦѵ˵
ʦ𣬸оܲá
˵ҶԽ
˵ز˾Ҵȥ
˵ӵĳѸٵĻӶĽԷŪϣľٴεļ䣬ܵ˾ʹƥѸٵ˻ķǰȥ
ǣ
ҶҸۡ
Ҷϲϵ¶ɫɫѾʼ΢һҹʱӹȥˣҶŮҶᵽΪֹûлвɵõĲѡ
⿩⡭
һƥѸٵĴԶңңĴ˳֮Ҷɫʱһ䣬ΪȻ̤֮ޱȵļ١
ǡү
֮໢ɫʱı仯Ҳ̲סĽе
ž
ƥĶסʱ˵Ҳ˵¶˼еɫ
Ҷ֮Ҷ̲סһҶޱ˵
ף˾ͽˣҪġ
Ҷ΢΢ĵ˵ͷȻĿҶϾȻŵѪҶ״̬ƺҲԾ
û°ɣ
Ҷǿ˫ĿҪ˵ͻȻһԴʱγޱ˵
û¡
ǾʱҶҲ޷ǿҵУ˫ĿһպϣǿֻŵȻƥˤ

ԼһŹкͽҲΪҶе
˾ͽң
ʲôҪҲҪҪҪҪ
˾ͽڵС¶ߺ֮ɫҡԼƣȻޱȵĵִ
˾ͽһͺ˵
ڶѵ˵ⱲӲҿĳϲǱڣǳǱڵҲ˽ˣһֱ㵱ԼһĶԴ˵ҲһֱҸɫһϺõӡ
˾ͽǱڵ飬˾ͽڵС϶ʱıÿ˾ͽٴε˵
ʵǱҲģϾ˾ͽӱ٣ųǱ˵Сһ𳤴Ҳ˵Ϥ˱˴ˣ˵ֶڳǱڵĸ飬˵ǰ鲻˵иӵǿһЩ
˾ͽԽסһҲʼ¶ӨӨỨ
˾ͽĸףЦ˵
ҸоǸҶǸӵĻһҸġ
˾ͽڲɵŤŽСԴһ˾ͽ˵ظУصĿ
ȻҪġ
СѾͷʲôһҺ°ͳǱһĻĲʲôģҿҶСȻģǺǣȴܶ۰
仰֮˾ͽڵķ·һֻȵβ͵Сèһ㣬˵
˭۰һûۿһΡ
˵֮˾ͽ˵ʱҲгһ״
ӴԭСڶһһúõ˵˵һһ
Ͼᣬ˵˾ͽڵҲȻĿʼ𽥵˾ͽ˵Ŀ±ð˲٣뵽ǸдżӰ˾ͽڵķɵñͨ죺
ǸˡǸʵоҲ
ȴ֪Ǵʱ̸۵Ǹһȴʷǰı仯
Ҷң
ҶѾһҹʱûкˣϵĵ֮ɫҲޱȵԣ໢Ҳ׷׵¶˵ǵӡ
֨
ŷű֮ȸϵ建˳Ҳ¶ޱȹŹֵɫ
ΪҶеҽʦȻȸϵҲǲͬģȸҶѾʱˣڿȸϳ֮󼴱Ҷɵù˵
ȸôˣ
Ȼ̬ޱȵĹǽȴ൱ԡ
ֵ֣ıְ
ȸϸԼ°ϵĺ˵
ʲô˼
⻰֮Ҷ˵ĲɵᵽɤۣҶоԼ༸Ҫʼը
ŶҪ̫ĵģСӡӦû⡣
Ӧã
ش֮ҶȻ΢΢һӦöֵĳʵ̫ˡ
ƺǿ˼˵ɫȸٴε˵
ô˵أСһȻ˾һҵҴϵѪҺҲˣѪҺиĲ˵Ϣ˵ӦһѾ֮˵ѪҺ棬һǿĶأ˵ȻǶԷǷʳʲôҩ֮Ʒ
ڵΪʲôأ
ȸû˵
ҲֵĵطСûκε⣬ǾǻԲѣһΪĹֵģĳ˸ɣ˵ƣ²ŻԲѣûΣգԲҪ̫ĵġ
֤֮˲Żط˲١
ʱҶȷʵȸ˵Ǹӣ̶ܴΪƣµģһȴˡ
ҶʶУһľȵĶӣ͸ſһеı鶼ڸűˣܳԾ
˵ʵҲܾȡ
Ҳһľȵ˵
˵ʱٴε˵
֮󣬻ûЧɱôܼ֮˶ûӦҲǸʱ㻹ûжеԵʰɣӵпΪɵûȫĻİǳҵȫû뵽Ȼ꣬ᴿе㡣
˵ʱӲɵٴθ̾ҶǺõĳ̶ȡ
ꣿʲô𣿡
ӵ˵
Ȼеôö࣬ڵҲ޷ᵽеǿãǵȵʵϵǿ֮Żܵе֮ġ
˵֮ٴε˵
֮飬ڲܶ˵̫࣬Ͼ㻹û漰Σһö˵ȴ൱ãǱ˵ǰʮ֮ǿȫĿ֣ķһ֣ϸӵǿ󣬶ôܶࡣ
˵֮ҶҲʼʵѾʼԽҶҵͷѾˣҶȻҲʼµĿˣǱĳƺţ


061 
ѰģҶΨһ϶һ飬Ҷʵ˵Ѿָ֮˹
ԴӽҶ˵Ҷ˵Ϣ֮ѸٵĴ˾ͽи˻
ܣԹԵİҩȵ
ҶЦӯӯĶҶ˵ҶȴһֻСñĴһĽ
㣬ҶѾˣ㿴ңһ˵Ӱ
Ҷԣʱ¶һĨ˸֮ɫиǿʼ¶⣺
˾ͽҵĻҲǸϻȥʱĺܣҲڵ˽ղѹҵĴ
ҶǾͿҪ֮Ҷжʱľ˰죺
ɳɳɣҺȣҺȻ𣿡
Ůɱȴǿ󣬶ǶԴҶ˵ɱӱ
Ҷ˺ôľŽҩȥʱϵһȵϢ漴ӿ˵С
Եһ¡תӡڵͬһһѸٵתȫ֫ٺ֮ҩȻٵĽǽеĵ㲻ʵĸоʼ˲ɨһա
ȸϵҩĺܲǾ̫ˡ
ҶεıԹҶԹԵĽҩȥ֮ҶҲ˵¶˿ĵɫЦ˵
ҩ˵ˣҪȸϵĻǸõˣôʱѹҪҰ
˵˵ʱҶ˾ͽǱڱҲ˽ڴϵҶ֮˾ͽǱڲɵÿЦ˵
֪ĻӦ˻ȥҿʵû̫˺ûϵǵðҺúõؽѵһٲɡ
Ҷû˵
Ǹʱڴ뿪𣿺ߡ
⻰֮˾ͽǱڶʱڨڨĸһԼıӣƺȷʵЩżˣǱϾܹҶŶ˵磬ȴҲޱ㽣κεһ˶ޱ㽵飬˾ͽǱںݺݵضԼһɡ
ˣ֪˭ֵ𣿡
ΪҶŸոյѣ˵ҶҶ鶼൱ĺ棬󵽵˭Ȼ㵨ðŭ˾ͽҵΣҶ졣
ҵû뵽һĵ̫ˡ
˾ͽǱڵ϶ʱ¶ɱ֮˵һȥ˾ͽұΪ˾ƣҪ̫ĵɪڿƺڽ˾ͽ֮󣬸Ƶһﵨˡ
˾ͽǱȥģʱ˾ͽǱȻޱȵķŭ
ǺǣǼһʵصĺȻѾʿƷĳ̶ˣҲҪȥ鷳ˣΪѾˡ
ʲô
һʱҶһæٴȷϵ
㽫ɱ𣿡
Ҷ΢΢ĵ˵ͷ
ǵģĲˡ
Ҷϲɵسһ΢Ц˵
ܺãǼȻ˵ĻܼҵҲҪٴεĸеĴ۰ɣ̷Ը໢ȥոܼҵ
νʹˮӣҶȴ൱Ͽһ㣬ϾҶʧȥԼĴڣǸҹǱҵֵĻҶҵ»ӵҵģ˵Ҷ
ϸϸѯһʱ֮ҶٴεıֳƣӣϸĵҶȻǲԼĵܵܵʲôƣģ˼æĴ˾ͽǱ뿪ˡ
˭Ҳûз֣˾ͽǱڵ뿪˲䣬ƣޱȵҶȴȻһɨղŵ־뷦ӣ˫Ŀеľâ
ɫѾҪҹĻٵʱˣҶȻ֪ԼӦȥʲôܼʧȥҵ𲻴׻ɴڣϸ˵ļһҶĲҪȥģҶȴˡ
׵ĴڣܼҺȻһļ̳ߣһ׶ȥĻǶܼ˵ȴһޱε飬ֻЩνϵѪ׵ĻܼҲû˷չĿܣҼɴڣȴҲʱˡ
ף
Ҷ˫ĿɱⱩ

ʲôˣ
ܼҸۡȻĴʱµĴܼʣµҪӵܣһλϵĳΪף϶һľ֮ɫ
һɫװıʹ֮ɫ
ǵģˣϢѾ޷ĵʵˣʬҲѾˣȻԴףȻǼû
λϵһֱû˵˫Ŀеĸӹâȴһֱ˸ѣȵ֮𽥵ĿʼƽһЩ֮Ż˵
ܼҵĸֶʼ뿪ˣǲٵҲѾҶҺЦصĻҸ˹ȥܼڿνǵʷǰͷ壬ҽ飬е˽еĸ֮ʰá
ߣⷬ۲ٵѾ뵽˶Է˼һޱȴ˳
ܹʲô˼ѵ˵ҪԽȨɣȻ˵Ҿ˾ǰʱܼҵĹ£ǲҪˣҲܼҵ̳ߡܼҵȨġ
˵Ĳֻ˭Ȼ˵ҵ˵ȷʵһ˸Уʵϸȴһڸǵ˷ܡ
ǵ˷ܣǿޱȵ˷ܣûҵĴڣټܼбΪǿ£˭谭ԼԼ˵Ҫ÷Ҫ꣬û˵谭Լ
ܹһ֮ɫĿףѧİ׳޻˵ǱϾҪΪ󲿷ֵ˸˵˵
ߣܼҵλҲ൱Ѿʱ򣬼ĸҲ࣬Ҫ˵ʿǿߣ߶ٵļǼʿڱҶ֮Ѿȫ뿪ˣСС߼Ĵڸ޷˵һϢȥ֮ǽԶ׼ģܼʣµЩڲʱ㱻̲ġ
ʱĲҲ˵Ѿʼ¶˵ǵɫڵǶǰ׳գȻ֪еĹؼ
ǻвٵûдܼǿʢĹֹѹ˵Щ˶ܹµⷬҲǲмһˡ
˵ı鶼ܹµҿУЩֻ֪ε̾ϢһĶȰ˵
ܿҶҺͻұõϢƽܼìܵһЩСӵĻʱ侮ʯΪֹһԣ˾ͽӦѲ˸ϵΪ˻Ļߣλ˰ɣһڣҾҪҵ뿪Ӵȹ°λԼһ°ɡ
˵֮㲻Щ֪İ׳գһ뿪ˣĻһЩҲ̵뿪ˣЩȻǴģڻлᣬΪʲô̵ôߣԼ°иı֤
ߣһȺ׳ա
ȵе˶ɢ֮׵ϱȻ¶һĨЦڿ֮ѸٵĴӴмһöĽԿ׳Уٵĳȥ
Ȼ˵Ķ൱أǺڰҹȴһ˫ɢźâ۾Ķ


062 ˭˭׳
׵ƺĪһ㣬ж൱СģǱҲޱȵĹأ˷֮⣬еǣ˫Ŀϵسܹ۲ţ±˷һ㡣
ҶڰĿ˿ʼ۵ʱѾܼˣʱܼѾûκεǿˣʵҲôһҶ赣ı֡
һﵽʲôһٷʱˣȴһֱɽϹ۲ţѵ˵ɽлʲôﲻɣ
Ҷ첻ɵЩǺܿȴоԼ뷨ƺĺпܣϾܼпһгʷĴˣҵҲһޱȼթļһȻ˵ҪȥɱԼҲаٷ֮ٵİգԷ뿪ʱҲ϶ҪǺܶ飬˵ܼҵĺ¡
ΨһںˣܼʲôĻ϶Ҫˡ
Ҷ˼ʱͻȻ׵Ȼ¶˷ܵɫ
ҵˣ
طһķϵĻ԰˵ȻһʱʧȴҲûʲô˻֪׽гһ˲䣬ҶȴȻĸоһ󼱴ٵĺ
֮Ҷ˫Ŀ΢΢һУ˲ıҵеԴأֻھʮ׵ĵطȻҲһӰһﾹȻһƬݴУҲҶˣ˵ûиоˣΪԷĺ̫ļٵĻķֲ˴ˡ
ףһﲻǸνܹ𣿡
ﵽʿΪ֮Ҷ켴ҹҲ൱Ժܿı㿴˶Էӡ
ֻʱܹ¶˷ܺͼɫޱȵĶס
һڱ˵ǽһûʣʵȴҲѾ˴ˣȴܲɫĸôʱ䣬ֱԷ
ܼҼѾˣвƸҲ൱˵ģһȻڴ⡣
ʱ׸Ĳ֪ԼȻѾǰļһסˣһ˷ܵĸǼɽϵһĳ״ļɽ֮ʯ
Ҷ˫Ŀ΢΢һУĿһʯͷһǰȥƺǱºȥһ֡
ɫҲ岻ϡ
ȻһӣҶĲ²õ֤ʵֻײ˫ְǼǵ棬һҧƿٵ
ž
ǳӵļɽ֮ʯȻİ
˾ˣȻûƭҰ
¶һԿ״ıǣ׵̲סѵ˵
ǰҵ뷨ҺޱȰ
ͻȻһ˳ķϵĻ԰žҹޱȵ
ˢ
֮׵ɫʱĴ䣬Ҳæת˹ȥڿ֮׵ıҲʼ
ԭ㣬û뵽㾹Ȼٵ
ܹ£׵ı鲻ϵŤ
ܹЦ
ߺߣ˴˱˴˰ݼҲ൱ĲƾԼֱоı仯ЩԺĸĻҲ֪ҵȻĺ·
϶ѵ˵Ͳɱ𣿲ҪˣڵҿǼΨһ̳ˡɱҲ˻ᷴԵġ
ܹһ㶣Ȼû뵽һ˵һǺܿȴЦ

Цкĵ⣬˵ĳͲмζ
װףҪҵĻԵĲὫһ㱣ģ֪Ϊʲô
Цܹ֮µԽĹ
Ϊʲô
״ʱѾͳʱЯһ̽ɱʢʵ˵Ҳʼ˹
ѵ˵㲻֪Ҳܼнеļʵ֮һ𣿡
ϣ
еĶ̽ʱ䵽ʯɵĵϣ˴̶·ڼЦѾһĲҰ֮ɫһ㣬˵ķ̡
䡭ʵܣôߵʵΪʲô˾ûи˵㡣
ܹ··ǿ׳һĿףε˵
ҲҵƵĵطɣΪʲôôһ׳һأֱ̫ˣϷûеʱĻҵεҳΪܼҵĹأ
Ѿȫɫܹ֮̾Ϣ˵
ǺǣӰɣҲʲôϾɱˣĶӦһԴˣȻ˵ĻƽΣ
ԣǰ˫ĿȻ¶һĨϣĹâľϲ˵
˼ҿƽ֣
ܹЦ˵
ΪʲôأҲһݵġ
˵ܹµȴɫһ˿ݡ
Ѿȫʧȥ˽䱸׼æЦ
ããƽ֡
˵֮ɿĴóһöĽԿףЦ˵
ˣ˾ˣ˵ĶܼҶȹѵģҲӦ֪Ҳǿϣ˵㲻Ҫҡ
˵еԿҲѾز˼ɽϵǸԿ׿С
䣡
һ֮󣬶ʱɽҲʼĶźĲӳɽȻط
һһ˸ߵĶڳ׵ǰ
ˣˡ
һ˷ܵͻȻĲҽһֻƾȻĳǰ
ܹһĮ֮ɫĿףڴ˵ǰȻĳ˳ѪҺķĽ׵ĺҲɴ˿ʼ
ΪΪʲô㡭˵ġ
ײĵĽ
ߣ˵׳գ㻹ǰ׳հ˵ʲôŰֻǺ㻹ʲô©ģ滹ʲôصĻҽɱ˵ĻҵʧˣڿҵСȷʵЩˡһ׳գҸ߿һذ
˵Ҳ˲еѪٵǶȥǾʱһƿͻȻĳ֣һѸٵĻգصܹµϡ

ܹµ屻Ĵ˳ȥص䵽˵ϣǿҵĴ͸ѾȫĴ̴ˡ
̵Ǵʱ䵽ǻδߡ
׳աǰ׳ա˵ȫġߣΪĲ̨ǰװƵÿǻء㡭
˵֮ڵһȴ¶Уǵģ൱ˣϾܹҲ·һˡ
ܹãȻĿԼǰһ¶ɫȴѾ𽥵ĽӲ
׳ա˭ǡ׳գ
˵ȫĽӲˣȴޱȵĲģСһ㣬һ㡭һƺҲˡ
Ҷ¶һ˿Ļߣ
׳աǰ׳գ


063 ڤ
ʱɫѾڵ˼ޣΧѾǼžޱȣ⴦԰Ҳǻķã˵ҶĲȥı˷֡
ڷų໥֮Ҷ㻺Ŷȥ
˵ķʽȻ̨̤֮󣬸ûκεķҶǰĿռҲԽԽϼֱһС͵Ĺ
Щ֮Ҷ첻ɵøܼ̾ҹȻǲƴ֣Ȼܹطһ硣
Ҷȴ֪ܼ˺ķ˺ü˲ŽģֻÿһļŻ֪ĵλãһļλ֮󣬱ὫԿ׸˵ֻһ˿Խ򿪡
ԼһֶӵʱҶطϲɵ¶˾ޱȵɫ
֮䣬ҫ۵ĹâɵҶ΢΢۾˺һ֮󣬲ŻӦ
ĽƱԼֵıֶѻɽӣЩļֵһҶŴԵĹĻҲһƾɵļĳΪһĴ壬ҼԿɽҲάֶʮĳ̶ȡ
νǵƻͨÿһҶ춼ޱȵĿеķֺ
Լİƽ׵ĳ̶ȣǳɶѵĽ鱦ұǱڼ仹вٵװõ鼮ȻһЩ似ڸ֮вԶһСҩƿĵطһЩϡŹֵƷ
Ҷڸ̾ʱͻȻ΢΢һǿ֮֮Ҷĳ̶ҲѾﵽһµĳ̶ȣޱȵķ仯ҲС
оԼϵı仯֮Ҷٵĳĳ˹ȥһЩϡŹֵƷҶĹ۲죬ȴƺǵҶת֮ĸоٴεĳˡ
ǹŹֵĸоƺЩһ˽Ĵڰ
Ҷ첻ɵøԼ°˵
뵽Щ֮ҶٴεĵԼѰķΧԼΪʢĽ׶ΣܿЩƷͬɨһıҶٵ
ˣ
ͻȻʱһĸоٴεҶ˫ĿҲɿ˵Ĺâ
ˡ
Ҷܵ˵ָ΢΢һѸٵΧУ֩һٵЩƷУĿƣڵҶ¶˼ɫ
ߣˡ
ϣ
Ļɽжʱĳһһöޱȵɫָǰ
һҶƿٵס˶Է
һö֪ĽĽָԼĿԿһͼӻַ·ǻһ㡣
ĦеĽָһֻ͵ĸоĵף¶˺׵ıоһζ
ĵ̻ƾȻûκεĦ֮ƽ˳档
ǽϸѣղŵָоΪʲô˵ǿأ
ҶɺޱȵĸŽָ뵽˼ЩϵĴ˵ҶȻоǹдǻǻָһѪ档
ˡ
ָڽӴѪ֮󣬾Ȼ˽ָȻ˷ӦҶϲɵùŹޱȵЦ
ҲУ˵ҲʵĴڰ
ָĲά˼ʱѣܿĹâ˵ĴʢɽжѾĲһɫ⡣
ѪҲѾɫĹâл©УڵҶѾЩʧȥĵʱһޱȵĸоС
ˮݡ
ָоȻ˵ֻһöָҶȴоԼϵһһ㡣
ˢ
ûκηӦĽָͻȻʱȻĳҶָ˹ȥĿٵСֱӵİָϡ
ĸо֮Ҷ첻ɵ˳ŸоʼԼ񣬶Ȼһ𣬶ǰ俪ʼ仯
һļҲҶԺУϸϸĽһβļں֮ҶҲ¶˼ɫ
ԭˣһεǱǲаջöڤˡ
ԭǴ֪ļҶ˽ָĴ𰸣öָΪڤ䣬һöĿռָ½еܴ󣬶ǿȻе֮ҲҶȫ˽⵽ġ
ռһֺĶȴС
޵ʵﵽĳǿĳ̶֮󣬱գĻּԸıӰ쵽ռ䡣
ٵĴ֮ʿҲյʱһЩ뷨ǽһֵĿռиȻ뵽Уﱾγһ޴Ŀռ䣬ӶЯԼһЩƷ
ЩƷҲ֮Ϊ֮Щ֮಻ͬееǽָеĿǱ
Ҫƿһö֮ҪıǽԼѪҺڽȥ֮ˣȻԷĵʹˡ
ö֮ԭһǿޣΪڤˣö֮Ϊڤ䣬ҶѪ뵽öڤʱڤµһμѸٵıҶ˽⵽ˣ˵Żƿڤ䡣
ڤеĿռܴ󣬵Ʒȴ٣ֻһöƯŵɫҩͼɫĽԱ߻һ龧Өޱȵɫâʯ
ڼĹۿڤµμ֪ݣҶɫȴʼԽļ
ԭⵤҩͽеôļ򵥣öҩڤ񵤣֪ڤеĹϵеĹЧǿޱȣöҩȻ޷һ˵Ϊ˲ʮٱĵزȴ԰ͻƿ
ֻҪöڤ񵤵ĻұƿĴڣֻҪԼ͸۳֮󣬱ͻˡ
ȻκεƷкûĵط˵ڤ񵤣ȻĹЧǳ˵һο׵ͻеƿ֮⣬ûκεԤףһεƿҲǸźüȼƿ
ҶȴѾ൱ˣöҩ֪Ļ¼Ǹ߸ϵǿ߶̲סĶĵġ
ЩҲƽ֮Ǻޱȵʯνʯϵǳڵ֮µĽ֮ʲӲޱȣҷĺܣǱϺôڡɫâʯڶԷļȴûе
Ǻǣףҵ𣬲֪Ҹ˵ЩʲôأǼֱǸһݴ񰡡
Ҷ쿪ĵ˵һöڤѾԵֵжˣĳһöڤûбܼҵע⣬ûҲֲҶ죬ȻǱ֪ԼղصıоȻһö֮Ĵڣһ˳ӵġ
һӣҶ˷ޱȵĽƷڤУҲ¶˿ĵɫ
ڤ侹Ȼһö֮ٺ٣ǸЧǻȥúõо˵ɡ
ڿʼʱɽҲˣǿ߶Ϊ֮ĵڤ䣬ҶȻǲҴˣԽɽٴεĹر֮󣬽׳յʬҲڴ˵һ£ȻԿﳤȥ


064 ڤ˿
ص˼֮Ҷ㽫Լ໢
ԼõĶҲȴˣϾ˶ӣһЩͨıҲͰˣڤԵĲܱ֪
ڵʵǿһǿ֪Լ֮֮ĻҶһ˲ı˸ԭεġ
ʱҹ˱ææĽ֮Ҷ໢ϻһ˿⡣
ôˣ㵽ʲôҪ鰡
ҶΪԹ˵˵һĹٴεĳˣˮҲΪ֮ٲȻһ˯ʵ̬
໢Ҳòȥʱʵ̫ˣѾ޷Ƶʵ˵Ҷҵ˰Ҷڶǹ˸ɾȻƣĲˡ
ףǼڵķչòƺܿ찡
Ҷǲ˵
ǲСӲΪôһ仰ɡ
Ҷ൱ˬ˵
໢˫Ŀ΢΢һ˿ĹâָҶһĺɫ˵
ү˵ղųȥˡ
һʱҶüͷ΢΢֮Ҷ㰵ԵĽеá
˵ٴˣڵ㲻Ҫһ˳ȥڻϣ廹ûȫĻָһôĻҺεĶȹôʵǿ˾Ͳ֪ߵغˡ
ɮ
Եɮ
Ҷ϶һŵĺߣҶĻﲻϵشðڵҶ֪ˣԼĽ˵һôĴ󰡡
ףͶȰѻ˵갡
ҶЦ˵
ļæĴҶ˵
ȥܼңȻһѵı
ʲô
⻰֮Ҷ໢϶ʱ¶˷ܵɫֻ۾ĿҶ졣
еڤ΢΢һ˲һ˸â鱦ͽұ˵ǰ
꣡
Ҷ໢°Ȼ䣬ΪǰһʵǸоԼһ㣬ҪˣҪĽǮֱǳҶ˵Ԥϣ֮󣬶ʱĲٴεıԭΣڵҶѾҪ𽥵Ľ˳ֻĳ̶ˡ
û뵽Ҷ쾹ȻʱͻȻóôĲ
Ӻˣ̫ˣȼü֮
໢ޱȵ˵ﻹʲô˯ʵӣ˫Ŀ״̬һԵҶ춼̲סԴ
⻹һֶѣҽȥĻûˡ
ЩҶ໢һĲŷӦҶͻȻĸоƺЩԾ
ȵȣǺǰʲô©˰ɣ
ҶĻ֮໢Ҳ¶һĨֵı飺
ôһ˵ƺ©ʲô
໥һ֮󣬶ʱķӦ˹Ҷȵ˵
ղôͻȻľŪЩģ
ղֻǹ˵ϸˣȴû뵽Щôһת۵ʱˣ˿ԤƶûС
ҶЦЦĽ̯һöӵɫָ˵ǰ
ǡ
ҶĺʼΪȻǼʶ㣬Ժзɿĳ˹ĳ֮Ĵ˵
һö֮
ǸղŵЩѾ໢Ҷ˸о˾ȵĻֵ֮ʱоԼĺ඼Ϊ֮ݺݵز˼¡
顭֮
ҶŲζϵıȫĴˡ
֮ĴҶֻǴڤ˵һμ˽⣬ȫĲҶӴСѾ˹֮Ĵźʶ˵Ҷǿֲı仯ҶҲԽľڵҲٴεĸоԼƺǵ͹֮ļֵ
̫ˣʵ̫ˣ໢һҪ˵ȥûҶұɡ
Ҷһ֮ɫ˵
໢Ҳǿ϶ĵ˵ͷ
İɣѾС
ҶҶǵɵ֪ν֮ûĸСһ
һﲻݰ֮ǿǴ˵еĴڣڻѾû˿ȥˣϾֻʥǿ߲ſģ֮ΪֹҲֻ࣬ЩǿޱȵĴڲпӵеģ˵һҪúõסܣûгɳ㹻ǿĳ̶֮ǰһ׵Ľڳ֮⣬˭֪
Ҷ˰˵
òƾˡ
Ҷĵ˵ͷ˵
Щúúõشˣ໢ȽˣϾʱҪĽǮ˵ģܼҼȻѾˣû˼̳ˣӵĻҲͲҪˣǵµľ¥ȸչɡ
໢ĵ˵ͷĽЩͽʰ֮˵
̵ȥ
Ҷ˵ͷҲ˵
ϢɣҲȥһ顣
˵֮һ뿪
֮Ȼôǿ𣿡
еڤ䣬Ҷٴεĵ˵ͻȻ뵽˼ƺһ֮Ĺûʹء
֮ĵȼֺͳһǰⲻ֮ͬĿռСֵģһ֮ȴе֮֮ϣ֮еĴڡ
Щ֮Ǳ֮
µдκε˶޷ƿصĶδ֪ʵ̫ĺˣ˼֮Ҳ˵ȫƿ˿ռ䣬֮ʱҲֵ֮¡
֮Ҳôģ֮֮Ի˵ǿ󣬳֮ͨȫΪЩ֮֮һֽȻͬĹЧ
˵ڵҶеöڤ䣡
԰ɣ
һ֮Ҷޱȵĳڤ˵Ϊһʹã˵ҶȫĲҹֵ̫
Ǿȴٴεķһɫ˿˲Ĵڤм˳ȥȵӵ˶ķϡ
ڤ˿ߡ
Ҷ˵Ե˼еĹЧٴεߣĿڤ˿߿ٵĶҶ徹Ȼ
ͬһֻ֩˿һɡ
˿ߵԼȫĿԳסҶ
̼ҶȴѾѸٵȴҶĳܷΧС
ٺ٣
Ҷ¶˿֮ɫЦ·һոյõǹĺһ㣬ϵذеڤ䣬ڤ˿ҲǲϵسΧ
ֻҪж֮˿߱ٵʧ൱ķ㡣
ܿƺûʲôãǿĹ˵ƺۣҶ쿴ȴǴãĳЩͻԵΣʱȴԸıܶࡣ
ӾؿҶĶ̲סĸ̾
ս䰲һöССĽָУֱϹǬһ㣬̫ˡ


065 ˪
Ҷ컹Ĳֺʱ򣬴е߼ԺȴѾʼж
ʸƷ׷׵Ŀʼ·λɹѡߵС
ҶѧԺҲ⣬һεҶѧԺȴ൱ĿģΪһεѧԺһյеһѧԱ
ǧȽϵĻҪ̫ˣҶѧԺ½ǿޱȵѧԺ֮һѡгҪѧԱʵ˽⣬һҪиĿ֤ǲϱ׼һһͨġ
Ҳˣ˵ʵ֮ǰкܶĵһڣֻǱҶѧԺˢȥ
еϣ˪Ͽν൱ϲã˫Ŀǻǵ۷ɿһ˿â
ȻҶСΪǿһ˵УһŮ֮⣬䶼ѾﵽʮϣʵȫĴﵽʿ̶ȣҲ˵˵ĲһģһĻǿġ
ǸСӣ˪ȻԽĿٴε˵
ÿϹȥϢǰи׼

֪ʲô˻ʲôطƱĸ𣿡
Ҷ쿴Ҷʵ
ƱĸˣȱٱΪʲôȥҶҵıһЩأ
Ҷһľ֮ɫ˵
Щ̫˳ˣ˵Ҳȥʹá
Ҷε˵ʵϲǲ˳֣ĴﲻǰͣڵѰı޷Ƿĳ̶ȣȥ֮ٵĶѡ
ǲҺԼΪһģʹޱȵ˳֣ΪԼҶ첢㾭Եʹá
ԼɻǹҲѾĲˣû˳ǹΪԼı⹦Ҳʹʧȥеˡ
˰ⶼЩĴڣνǿ󰡣һЩжټӵĲҪ˵ˡ
ҶҲЩյ˵
ҶԲɵЩʧǻĵ˵ͷ
Ǹ˰һ°ɣȥˡ
Ҷĵ˵ͷŶȴһǿоıӰɵø°ϵĺ˵
ѾǴˣʱҸˡ
ȻСκҶʵȴ֮γɵ֮ӵȷﵽһޱȱ̬ĳ̶ȣ˵Ҷ⻰֮󣬲ɵһĵҡһԼ壬ߵ뿪ˡ
䳡
ԴҶҵʼɿ֮䳡ҲʼˣҶҵޱ㲻࣬˵ʹãҶǸо䳡ʵЩˣҶȴʼԼۣΪĳԱϵ࣬䳡ƺѾıҪˡ
䳡֮Ѿۼ˶ʮˣЩ˶ҶҵĳԱеһЩӵܣһԸĹͶġ
Ҷĵ֮󣬴Ҳɵ÷׷׹ޱȵĳҶͷ
ﲢҶϰĵطΪ໥Ĵ˸к֮Ҷٴε߽䳡ġ
һʮ˲ɵú˵
үҪȥʲôǺ˹ȥ
ʱһλϳȸߵӳޱȵĿһҶ죬ޱȲĿ˵꣺
㲻İɣ
꼱æĵ˵ͷ
ǰҲ˲һء
ȸкϳɵĵ˵ͷݵ˵
䳡е˶ޱڴĵط˵Ǹط߶ޱȵǿ󣬵һʵĻȥҲǰȥǿΣգ˳˼ƷԼʿĴ֮⣬ûȥֻǸǼ߼Ĵ˵ģ˴ĵطǵʵĺܿ찡
Ҳ¶ɫ
ŬɣֻҪŬĻһҲġ
ǿ϶ģҶҵô󣬶Ժ϶ģЩ˼ֱԪϼˣŬĻôվסŰ

ű֮Ҷ첻ɵ¶һĨοЦݣҶҵ͸ֹ涨ԼͶѾڵҶҳԱǿҵĹУֹеǰһжķչġ
䳡Ǹӵָһܵĵطе߸ӵķḻҲӵΣա
վ䳡ϣҶʱһ𣬶ϵٵ֫ٺһǿϢѸٵĳΧɢѡ
𣡣
֮Ĵɢ˳һֻ޴ɺɫͻٵҶۼɡ
ֲϢϵӣХ
䳡߷׷׵¶˾ȺĽɫ
Ҷ˫ֲϵػӶš
ָơȭϵת
ֱ۷·Ǹһ㣬ɢſ񱩵Ρ
̣
Ҷĵͺ˫ٴεһһҵĿʼӶʱָ·ͻצһ㣬ĳſյ˺
еɿĶʼķγޱԵ֣ɺͻҶı󲻶ϵضţҺҶƵޱȵһ¡

˫Ȼķֺ϶мǿѹȻٵĳ˶һһ˸ߵľ޴ϡ
ǿҵı𣬶ɿڿշ𣬲Ѹٵת


Ҷתһ㣬ƲϵĴš
ΧԽתԽ죬ҶҲԽԽգһʤһ
ͻȻʱһ־Ȼг֣ҲʱһǿľͻȻӲӭӳ
˭
ҶŭһǶԷȴû˵ǿٵĳҶٴκݺݵһƣΧĿٵƵ໥ĵӴﵽһµѹ
ҿ
Ҷ˫ַɿİ棬·ǰסһʵһ㣬ݺݵؽ˺ȭٵмصһȭ

Ȼѹޱȵľ޴󣬵Ǳ˺֮мһַγһĴڣٶȸӵѸ١
һѪ˺м񱩵һУǿıڴһ֮󣬶ʱǾʼɿĳ˽
̿ȥܳʵҲգ۵ĳ̶ȶδﵽ

ǿľȻײ֮󣬶ʱĿоȻ˶ݵ
ž
ž
ҶͶԷ׷׵ĳŶ漤ȥһ˿ٳɷֵ˳
ã
֮ҶϲɵһеĶҲ˵ֹͣȴĿ֮Ҷ첻ľȵ˵
˪ˣ
һװ˪֮ɫĿҶ죬ЦݿɼʱǶôĿģ
ãܺã죬û뵽ôʱûʵ˲С
Ҷɫһ˵
֮ʿ̫࣬ҪϵŬڵһС


066 
Ǻǣ֮ʤܲ٣ܺãһҪıʶԼһѾ˺ܶˡ
˪һ֮ɫ˵ӻͳһöɫƵݸҶ˵
ղȥ˾ͽһΣǺǣǳϹңû뵽ҵһʱȴɥܼұӦģûϵԷĵӾ˵İ졣
ҶЦ˵
Ҫ𣬱ϾܼѾˣҲĺúõء
˪˵ͷָ˵
ǧ񣬴ϿƽյӵһЩΪǱģʱķڼӿٶŲСá
ҶҪܾٴε˵
ǺǣҪܾģΪõõģ˾ͽϼһѾˣǰ㣬Ҳãʡҽ͵ʱˣӵģöÿһеĵһܵĽͣΪ˽֮⣬һãǾʸһǧ˵Եʸûбƣ޷뵽С
Ҷ漴¶ɫ
Ҫʼ𣿡
˪Ц˵
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Ҷ΢΢һ°͵Ц
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֮Ҷ㿪ʼȲĿʼ׼ҶҶ˸к֮Ҷʳ˳ĳеһ۵ɽǰ
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ޱȵٶȺֶԼǿֲǲ֪ΪĿԸ񣬼ʿǿ߼˶ƿء
Ҷȴһ㡣
Ԧƥǰһٷʱ֮Ҷɽ
ƥ˨֮Ҷ˳һͷɽС
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ֻһֻֻѩɫĺӿٵĴɽĸ˳ĽҶΧ֨֨֨Ľиͣ
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ӹҶеţƤ֮еĺǶ˷ܵӵҶ쿪ʼǰ
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˱֮ڵǸɭ֮⣬Ҷĵطˣǰľ飬ӵļָҶƳľƿ൱ζġ
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Ҷֻǰ·ңƵĹո޷ͶԷȽϣƾǰļ֮Ƴľƾʮ㣬൱ǵĻӭ
˵һȥ֮䣬ǱѾҶ໥Ϥ
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νмƱеһִ
һ·ϲѾʼҶµţƤеľƷʳʮľ˵ʵ̫ˣ˲ٵ̲סĴش
ҶĿıҪһƣͨҶȻǲȥģҪѰҵΪ֮ƵľҺ
ΪľҺζν˼亱ͨƶѵõӵĲҪ˵ˡ
ҶҲûоԵİܹŪ֣ӵ˽ļֵΪıΪѰҪõĶ࣬ӵΪԴʹס

ڵһµ棬һڳҶǰﵽ˶֮ǰһͻȻĴ˳ѰǽȻͬģһֻߴ׳̶ȵĽɫҶǰ
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źطϵ죬ǽɫﾪޱȵУʱҶѾһգ֮ǰ
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ܿһǿҵĳ˶Ѩ
ɫٵƿľͰ֮ǿҵľ֮ӵŨԷѾͲסĽԴ棬
ѨԼʮҵ϶һЩ޴ʯͷѻģҲ֪ʲôʽʯͷı涼Ѿĥ൱⻬ˣһֱȽ˳۵ĸо
ڶѨмһСʯǷɫĹεɫϱԿĳһʯÿҲǲСġ
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ҶҲǱԼĿˡ
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ôʱˣҲ𽥵˽⵽Щƣ˼æ˵
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ëﲻϵصͷ˫ֲϵ趯ţӶԷҶȴѾ𽥵˶Է˼
ԭڲǰһֻɫҶһռ˲ٵԷʵǿ󣬵ǽëﲢδδʲôǶԷһȴĿ׼ǳ׵ļŭ˽ë
֮䷢˼ҵĴ򶷣Ǵӽëڵ״ȻûгԵʲôôҲѾת˵طȻǺ¶Էٴε
˽ľ֮ҶȴѾʼëʵ޵ĳ̶ȣҺһǿ֫ĶͬбȽǿĴˣΪڶ࣬˵ļļ޼׵ȥǣҽëһĻֱǲĴڣ˵ʧܣҶ첻ɵÿʼ
ȿȿȡǸϽ𰡣أΪһЩġ
Ҷ˵ëһ㶣˫Ŀȴ΢΢һҶޱȵĴӶԷпһֱ֮ΪթĹâ


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˵㰡ʲôҪڵǲȥ㶨ԷĻָһﵽȥȥ㣬Ȼ㶨ˣǸʱɲҪҰԺȫ¶Ϊ˼ҵģأʲôûˣѵͲŭЩĸǣѵΪǵ𣿡
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ȻЧ൱Եģֻëë˵ޱȵĴţҶôǸоԷĿһֱڶԼϵС׿ء
Сһ൱ĳŶԷ˼֫վڣͬһ󽫾һĻԼֱۣС׵Ķ֮󣬽ëƺǴﵽ˶㡣
Ҷ֮󣬶ԷٵЩ᾵ʯͷ޷谭˵ܿİ׵ĸ߶ȱѾﵽ
ҶĹĶ£ٵĽѾ׼õһöɫԲ˹ȥѸٵȥ
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Ȼܵ˺ط֮󣬽ëٵһҶȥֱӵ
ԼĽȻûκεЧԷŭȻӵʢ߷ɿĽһʮ׸ߵľ𣬷ĳŶԷ˹
Ҷڻûд֣ʱ򻹲ֵʱ̣ëȻҲ֪һ㣬ҲŭһȻԼ峯ŶԷȥ
Ĺ۲죬Ҷ쿴˶Էӡ
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Ҷʱһҵײ˳ëеľѾɿ˽ëǿľǰֱӵı˳ȥëȴҲޱȵĺֻڶԷǰһץ۾Ȼ
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ëﱾʵǿٶȿ죬ķǿ󣬶ǿĸǾˣŶȵĽ䲻֮£Ҷһɱˣò˵ĺܲ


069 ŷұ
ƥһ·ǰҶвɵԽĿʮӵʱԼڤУǽëһ֮ɫ֮Ҷ̲סЦ
ѵõôõĻᣬҶȻҪúõʹ׶Էһ٣˵װƣνֶ̣ҶԼëＴޱȵƣȴ޿κΣҿǽë֮ɽٴεĳΪ£ֻҪúõؾӪһʱ䣬İҲܿĳġ
ҶϻصʱѾǰʱ֣˵ڴҴҵĳ˷֮Ҷ漴ĽС
ҪǱǼУȴҲô졣
һҹ޻
һҹҶ컺Լ˫ĿĴڤóһѾ͸ĿݸСףҶٴεǶǰ
ǵĶಢڶϽ֮أһȽƫƧĵطȻҲСȫ㲻Ƿڽ֮һֺƽϢ󲿷ֵ϶һְ͵̬Ȼޱȵ
û˶թ̬Ҷ춼Ծķеһصѹ
ò˵ĵطȻƫƧһ㣬ȸСȫ־ɫĵҲǲ٣Ҷһ·֮󣬲ҵԼյĿ֮ء
һģСĵ̣Ƚ϶ԣΧĵֱ̼൱Ĳۡ
ǵҶ֮ɫȴȻδ߽ҵ̣һַϢȴӭѰ֮˵ĻֻǸоΧĿƺЩı仯Ƕ˵ȴ൱
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Ҷ쿪ʼԽڴ
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ӹʲôûʲôɣӿ㲻ˬԾǲ죬ϴЩӹ
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ҵţСүСүô˵ģ֪˭ҿܼҵӵܡˣҽ̡
һλϸľװһŭݴ˳ٴεܼҶֵʱҶȴɵ¶˳Цݡ
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Ҷ̵һ˲䣬һǿ˲ĳѹƶΧĿҲ漴ó
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ߵӿȥһӵĳ̶ȣҪĺܣֻһҵĳ̶ȣҶĴӶԷǲߵиоһֱ֮ζǱ©ڿеһ˫ۣһͬһ棬Գ˶Է˫ֲֿϢ
һĶ̹ŻɫĿӣ˿ȥͨǿ׳һЩȴĳһеĸ֡
ŷұǰˡ
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Сӣ˸ղŵǸ׳ûУ㾹Ȼܹ֪ҵ֣óҲǾһˣӵӦ֪ӿŲˬˣǲΪƱģǡãҲǴˣӿҲˬ˵ҲϽĹɡ
Ҷüë΢΢Ȼ˵ȷʵڶԷȴԼҪܶԷ裬˵ŷұһһһһ˵ţҶҲƳһ˿硣
ŷͷıһûмȴ˵Ĳ񣬿λǰˣûͼһķӡ
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ӴҶüͷʱһ壬ѸٵļӴ룬ǿĵֿס˶Էһƣ̺ǿ̲ס˺
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֪˭Ȼ˽е˵ѣʱĴҲʼ۷׷
Ȼе׵粻ͨĽɫǷɫϽ֮ףֲϢʼһЩͨǿʼоԼĺЩٺͳ

ŷұӵ¶һĨ֮ɫʱͻȻɫ΢΢һʵѸٵıоһֲͬѰϢΧĿռб仯š
ǵ΢֮󣬶ʱϷɿ¶˾ϲޱȵɫ
ɣɰߣ׼СĸԵˡ
仰ڲϵؿڰбֻץסĳǹҶ첻ɵ¶˺ɫ
ǾʱһǿѹȻгˣϸĽѹѹƵϵģѹĿ꾹Ȼһɫĳǹ
ԼľѪ֮󣬳ǹҶ֮Ҳ˵Ľһ޵ϵ˵ĳǹܵѹƣҲ൱ĸܵˡ
νΪ֣һղƵӣȻԣԺ΢ϱѰıҪõĶ࣬ȴ޷֮ΪҲαǵĶѾˣҪؼĴȻų֮ΪαϻƷ϶ҪԷ̫ˡ
׼𣿡
Ҷ૵ĵ
סˣڵĳǹѾԣҪ㲻ϵȥΪֲĴڣڵѾʼҪѡȥֿڵǹ޷ֿס»˳Ϊα
ˣŷұȴϣҶȥֿܴһֹѾ뵽ĹУ˵εҲϣҶӦ
ߣ춷񲻿ա
ҶʹĻһԼֱۣһĸоȻĳ֣ǰһǹȻޱȵĳҶС
ǺǣȻԺıȻҲĳΪһαãȻ˵ĻǾͻкη
˵Ѿųǹǵĳš


074 ɻꡪ죡
ƣϽɫ׵磬Ҷȴû˿ĵ֮ɫԼԭֻһ۵СԴӴԽ֮һеһжʼıһλֻܴС˵вŻֵǿΪԼʦһޱůļ壬һԼˡ
һеһжѾ൱ˣԼԸɱˣԼֻҪŬȥȹԼһõһǿգҶЦ
ƺ˲ϲҲ谭ȥ׷ѰԼҸȻ˵Ļֻܻޣ谭ҵһĴƣɱ񣬶Ҫңұؽ죡
Ҷ૵ĵ֮ıȻ˼ĳһȦĲգ۵ʱѣ˭ҲῴҶıĿռѾ˵ޣ˲ٴλָԭò
Ҷ֮ҲѾޱȵļϵʷǰĿʼŷҲͬһһֱϡ
ͣ
еĳǹȻָգҶɵĺ
ɣ
һγɹĴԼĽ֮Ҷƺ뵽УҲοʼǿߵпʼðѿ硭
СӵǸ֮İɰһ㼴Ҳûоŷҵ汲ǣʦʦǣصıеӣǳǹŷһϣˣΨһϣǴھҪʵˣ

ĿʼζҶֱһ˲䣬еóǹҲ˵ıһ˵Ȼ࣬ƺûʲôɱȴҶĽһ
ڵģϵϽ׵ƺǱһСķ˸ŭˣû˿ԥһһ׵ٵĳҶ˹
׵绹δĵҶϣŰ׵ľֿ֮ɲѹͬһһĿʼޱȵסҶ塣
žžž
һǿҵıҶļٵıŷ˫ĿⱩ
ߣɡ
ͣ
䡭
ǹ׵ڵײһ𣬶صٴεķˣֻҶ쾹ȻǶԸһʵڵһ㣬еĳǹȻȻת
ɻǹıһ͸νĴ͸ǽǹѸٵתһ˼ĽǶת
һ㣬ҶȻ㲻ǵǷ켫ȴҲѾ¯ˡ
ǹϵѸٵ뵽˿Уһ֮ȻȻķɫĹâ
ǹϵϽ׵ײһ˲䣬˵ı֮⣬ȻϢŷұӵ˫ĿȴѾùԲˡ
⡭СҲ̫ĵˡ
ԭɫĳǹ棬һϽɫ׵羹ȻĴţĿȴ޷ԼѹƵҶ֮ϣ֮ٶȴȫĿټӣǺ֮ܵҶϡ
ಡ
ǹתٶȺԽԽ󣬶Ͻ׵·޷ָٵתһѣڵּƣҶȴûиԷǹȻһɿĳһߵһ£ʱǿɿĽǳǹϵ׵Ĵ˳ȥ
ҲУ
ŷұӵ˫Ŀûеɳһ澪Ҷǹһȴھ׵ǿ̶ȡ
һҶȡˣϾַʽ˵Ļչķʽ˸ûֹصǹŷұҲӵҲûִ󵨵뷨
Ϊ̿Ƽ򵥣ǿףϽɫģϽ֮ɫޱȸ߹ɫκεĶֻҪϽɫоԵķͬѰŷұӵĻֻкķеȥӲˡ
ΪѪҺĹϵ˵ֻܹҶһȥסһԵŷұȻҲȥû̫ǴӶԷǳϼƲϵ໥ĦĶʱȴѾֵļͽ
ɷҶɻǹҲ˵ķӵ˼ޣһȴζȴԼıĿģҲȴΧһУǰֻԼǹԼϽ׵硭
Сķ˾ȻҺԿʱϵٴεķΨһĵⶼڸ
ӿ쭷ĹţϽ׵ʱҲʼһ̬ʼıʱ׵ֹǿʮ
ˣ
Ҷ죡
ӣ
ŷұӣ
аԵ˵Ҷ˫Ŀеļﵽ˶壬һеĺⱩı󣬿ռٴεŰԼĿԴֲŵ
ʱȴ˼ֱ仯ޱȵĹȴûκεһ˷֡
䡭
һһֱŰ׳׵ͬһϽɫĳһ㣬ݺݵسҶȥ
𡭡
һǿıһ׵硣
Ҷӵ˵ɫı仯
δԼϣΧĵȴѾ˵µĹѣŰУɳʯϣµĳҶ壬·Ҫ֪ߵغļһһ㡣
ת
Ҷŭһͻһ㣬еĳǹǿ񱩲ѵŭߵѪϵȻһ˲Ϊһ塣
ǿѸޱȣ
ɣɣɣ
Ҷĺ˫ĿеĹâޱȵķѪҺʱ򶼿ʼеֲĺͶĲͺҲʱȫ
Сӣӵеǹ
ŷұҲסˣǿϢ޷ֿסҪ˵һССʿˣʱҶܹýȥĻѾȫĲһˡ
Ͻ׵磡
ǹ
Ҷ죡
߾Ȼһ˲һ𡭡
𡭡
һΣڵһ׵ı˳ǿŷұӶˣʱ϶ʱıôֲֿѹ˲Ĺ˵ϣͬһλһ̬˭޷ǿϢǰֿס
Ͻ֮ɫĹâȫİΧסҶ壬Ҷ챾ֻоԼһǿޱȵļѹʹʹԼиȫںһͬŰУûɿеĳǹǱһմˣ
ӹ
ŭңңĴҶзı˳ǿֲŭǿҳ̶Ǵǡ
ɻ죡
Ҳ֪ΪʲôӵҶҲûı㲻Ľɻǹһд˳˵龹Ȼʱˣǳʮ׵Ͻ׵Χ֮澹Ȼ˵ֲĦǲ˵ģ׵綼ƺҲ˵ĵޱȵĿʼ
ŭͿµĶĦڵΪһ塭
ŷұӵȴɾȱ˾ϲ
ӮҶ졭Ȼ鴫
˵ͼǸƺǡ𾴣ǿߵ𾴡


075 ǹѩ
ֲֿҶֻоԼݺݵһıֻ趯еĳǹڼĹȴѾȫĴɢӡ
ȵζʱһƺҲѾˡ
·һεһѾûһ˿Ƶļ󣬶ǿֲĵҲ漴ʧеĳǹҶ첻ɵ˫Ŀ΢΢һݡ
ʱĳǹѾȫʧȥ˸ղŵ־˵ĹâɫĹ󣬵ڸղŵֶĿ˵ȴԵޱȵĹ컨Ƴ棬ԼĿԴиܵһĪϢ
ˣɹˣͳɹˡ
Ҷ૵ĵҲ¶޷ŵɫϾһз·λһ㡣
ŷұŬĴӵ˳ֽеİݺݵصٵΪ֮һҲɿվ
Ҷ컹ھ治ѵӣæһѶеĳǹǾʱ򣬳ǹǹ澹ȻһĨɫĵâ
͡
һ̶Ħ֮һսζɴ˵ĲˣǿҵĴʹʱŷұӲĽеĳǹݺݵ˳ȥ
ӿĴ߰ͨ飬ͨ鰡ô˵ĶԴأ
ŷұӸƣһֲİ̺ɼʱǽһưоԼճĶȻĶԼ˵ԷԼһ㡣
һԾͲҪȦŷұӣҶٴε˳ǹ¶һĨЦ˵
ٺͷˣҪˣⳤǹĻƿȥģǲŷҵı־һ˭޷ıİ

ŷұԣŷԼŷ۳ĻȴѾޱȵĿ棬вɵ˲СİοȴΪˬ˵
̡ģһǳ˴ˣڵĴһ˵Ѿ㹻ˣˣҲʸȥԼʦǴˡ

Ҷٴε̲סĸһѪĸоɵóģָо£ҶоԼ·Ǻⳤǹںһһ㡣
ಡ
ȵؽǹǹΪɿֱڰС
ɫдŨŨɫâǹɢŹصĹâ
͡
ѾעǹУҶƷɿİסǹ趯
ԭɻǹһ˲俪ʼչ˳ҶĶеɻǹȻʱɿں
ʽϵǰݻеԼеĳǹ߼֮ﲻǿΧĿռ俪ʼϵز
ڿʼɻǹĵڶ׶𣿡
ӵĬĬصͷҲ¶οɫɻǹȻ˵ڸģȴδ˵飬ϸ˵ɻǹֻһһҪԴĴڡ
ڼ䴫ڸҶȻ˵ҲɻǹҲֻеһֶѣκεһִڣԼĻп϶ԼһʹŻὫﵽĳ̶ȡ
еͬ޾һ㣬Ҷ̲סһ·һ㣬߲ΪͥԺеķԲ׵ķΧоȻȫĲǹӰĴڡ
ɻֻأ
䡭
ҶһͺʱȫǹӰȻȻγһ޴ޱȵǹ⣬ҶĿ£ɿתһµɿƿ˿ռ谭ݺݵشǵϡ

ûκεһʮ״СİݴӾӳҶŷұӵǰŷұӴʱѾȫĳֳ˴͵״̬ǿֲǿĿ񼼵ԼޱȵĹǶȣѾ޷ֻһʿƷļһġ
ǺǣڵĽȫǹһεһ£𲽵޸ģѾĺҵĹںһ𣬳ɻԼɻ޷ĵ֮⣬Ҷ컹˼µĴڣֱǷ֮ˡӰű¡ԼʹɻֻأɻֻؿΪǿˣѾʹԽԲ׵ķΧȫܲ͸ǹӰҲ˲䱻ɸӡ
ԭֻʿƷĵȼҶʸȥʦĴҶƾԼʵĳ̶ȸӵĿԶͨʦǿɱĳ̶ȣԼеĻʦƷǿߣҲ֮
ιͷƺǸóԵʲô˰ɡҶˣʲôóԵģ
ʱˣԲȵģȫǵά֣в˵Ĺ죬ﶼѾˡ
ŷұԣ϶ʱ¶˷ŭɫָҶıӴĺ
Сӣĸ˳ǹ㾹ȻԻȲɣ
Ļոյ£һٴεĳֻ֣ҶһƳɵƿӶŷұЦ˵
һˣһȵģ˰ɣҳȥԼȥ
ŷұӵ˫ĿɳҶҪ뿪Ȼ֪ѾĿ϶ǹģǻ̲ס˵
ðǻҪ໥Ľһ°˰Ͻĸ׼һӺþƺòˡ
ʱˣһӵľʳҶŷұӼֱһĳԺ
Եм价֮ŷұȻĶҶ˵
ǹ𣿡
ŷұһɫҶ֪˶Է˼Ц˵
ҲУ˵ɡ
ŷұԣ˫Ŀʱ¶˼ɫҶĿڶԷ˫ĿоȻһĨӨĹâ
һͨˣŷҲƱڣҵѾʮˡ
ŷұٴεĺһھơ
Ȼ֪ŷұʲô˼Ҷ컹Ǿš
һţͻݶҶҵģǵʱʢһֱҪŷҵ˵һζȥ죬һζȥѧϰֱˣҲŷ֣ǰһչ֪ʶӰѣ˵ԵΪһǹ
Ҷ컺ص˵ͷ
û
Ҷ˵һһԼʵٴεӵ˶ԷʲôֶνֻҪǿ󣬶ŷұǲһģⱲӿΨһҲһƱˣ˵ޱȵشġ
ǹѩѩǹ
ĸųǹŷұ૵ĵŹֵһεѩǹȻûоܾԷĸҲûзȥϮԷֻǾڶԷС
Ⱦƣ
˵ŷұٴεĴڵĳˮȴѾԾ
ҶҲĬĬغžƣжȥޱȱ߶ͬ顭


076 Ϸ
һҶŷұϢʱŽԼǴʧԪ˻ʱ䲻ޱȵƣӵƣ壬ޱȵĸоֱҪ
Ҫ澳гɳ˼ǸоԼȫѾں֮󣬴ﵽΪƣĳ̶ȣҶ컹Ǽڻص˷֮󣬱㿪ʼ
ŸɺԵľڽϽɫ׵Ļ֮ҶϵҲѾ߰˰˵ĳ̶ȣǿάűת֮⣬ľеѾȥ¥յ״̬
Ҷ۲쵽˵ʱȴԼĵھһĳһ㣬ָɺޱȵӣҶҡ
ΪֵļʱĻʱһǾή̶ȽӵأҲΪȵĺȱ̲ò
ϵػ˾жҶĵٴβϵؾҪ൱Ļڵĵ;ѾﵽʷǰĿݽ״̬˵ҪΪģҶġתҲתΪĳ̶ȡ
ϵش
µΪſʼرǵա
֫ٺн˵֮һ޷ˬоʱĳȫͷ·һ֮ˣܳһʱûнжƷʳȻĵõ˶ƷĲ䣬ĸоҶס
ʱϽ׵Ѿ˲˵ע⡣
ҷ׷׵ĿʼϽ׵ԭ򣬵ǶǴ˵еĴڣ˺ֶ֪Ĵڡ
ССУҵļʶȻҲǸӵϡ٣˼ڶ࣬ȴҲûеóеĽۣκε˶뵽ʱϽ׵ȴڷвϵطһֹޱȵĽ
ιιιͷʲô񰡣
Ҷ쿴ŷұǲɫ֮Ϻǲˬ˵
˵ԷҪԼĻҲͰˣѾԵĲͼǲϵһ˫ǵ۾ԼڤϹ۲ţǵ¶ɫ
ǸСӰҲ֪ҵĵô࣬Ҫúõ̲һµġ
𣿡
Ҷεʵ
ԶԶԣĸֹʵľ̲Ч鵤ҩҪõĶࡣ
Ҷӵ˵
ֱӵ˵ҪͳˣУ㣬ڷˣҲʣµĲˣ˵ʡŵãϾͨƶмеĴڣӲҪ˵ˣҪúõıŵĺãҿûлȥѰôˡ
˶ԷѾԼ¾ˣŷұӵ϶ʱ¶ɫ
ٺ٣İСӣԺֻҪʲô⣬ʱĿңĲУڱĻȴ԰ġ
Ҷĵ˵ͷģǻģһı֤֮Ҷ֪Լķչ»ӵĿϺܶģǼڸոյĿʼչҶҵĳԱǼеҪıϺõıȥңвȴ޷ҵʵıߣŷұӵı֤Ҷţ֮ĺ»ĺܾúܾá
ð㿴ûʲôģǻȥɡ
ŷұӵĵ֮Ҷǣƥ߶ͻȻһֺõ˳
һ׷ŮĿӡ
ҶԳЦЦڵĻʮ䣬ȻѾ쵽˼ޣ۵òƻûʲô
Ҷȴ֪ʱԼȻоڳ˵ȴڳˡ
ΪԽԵʣ˵ҶԵޱȵϳɣϳµĵϴһֳ˵ζòϵۺֳϢ֮໥Ҷ챾˵Ȼ㲻ȴҲ൱ɱ
ıһŻڻǰţһ˴Լʮ֮࣬ǰһһŮеĳӢǰһȴһָ߰ζһ˫۾ʱĹâ˵˲١
ʱڲϵĳһʮ˾ŮڣŮòȻ˵ϻۣȴѾչޱȳˡ
νĸðİ͹͹ıģһžµϴʱı飬ȻǶʮ겢ð
Ůһۺɫĳȹǰ͹µĽһаҲвϵȼգ뵽˶Էֻ֮ܽĽԼеֻѹ
ŮϵظеƥʱüƺʲôʱҶǷŮĻһϳԷΪŮӾȻ˾ͽҵ˾ͽڡ
ãﵽʲôѵһΣѵ˵ͲҺúõ𣿱Ͼ˾ͽǱѾϲˣΪʲô㲻ȥѰһõأ
ٴε˵
ߣտ壬˼ûҪһǱڸϲˣҾ͵ñһ𣿡
˾ͽǷŭķðĵϼΪտʱ֪Լһ˵İѻ˻ҩıԵ
ǾҪ˵ʱͻȻ˾ͽڵоȻ¶һ˼ɫտĹ۲죬Ĵ˾ͽڵпһĨϲ
˳˾ͽڵĿ⣬տٵĿһʰƥ꣬аԵһһ뷨ٵĳУ
ѵ˵˾ͽʶ۵Сӣ
Ǻܿ˾ͽڵΪȴ׵ʶԼĲ²⡣
Ҷ죬þò
ʰƥҶȻԼĶϴһĽתڿ֮Ҷȴ¶һĨ֮ɫ
㰡˾ͽڡ
ǵ˾ͽԼҵĳü΢΢һ£¶˲ɫ˵
׼ôңҵӦýҽ㡣
С
ȫĸ㲻Ů˽סԼҪʲôҶ컹Ҳûıܾ˵
ߵտ壬˾ͽڵϾȻ¶εı飬󱯿ޱȵ˵
Ҷ죬ѵ˵ǸҲǿĵ˽ӽ峿ġ
ž
仰֮һԵտָݺݵ춯һ˫۾ҲݺݵضҶ죬ʱѾǽȥ۵굱һͨˡ
˵𣿡
ҶȻǿ˾ͽı仯вɵóһĨŭͻȻ˸Ӿȵʹ˵ķˡ
Ҷֱ΢΢һȻס˾ͽڵŶԷĽϴĵ֮ҶĶ˵
Ȼôء
˵;ȻܿƵһŷա˵ӣ档
㡭
ˣ
ȫľˣ
˾ͽڵһùԲҲ޷ŵɫܾǵģƿҶ죬û뵽ǣҶֳϢȴĽ˵
ܵԼвϵĴϢҶͷסĿʼѰ̽ͷǷĽ˶ԷСУ޳ܵ˱ŶԷ͸֭


077 
ڽ˾ͽСһ˲䣬˾ͽڵĽĽӲҶʱҲǽ״̬˵Ķ˾ͽڵֱָûио
˱˱ͷѾϵؾһߵտֱӵɵһվΪ̫ͻȻûзӦ

ڵ˳ʮӵʱ֮˾ͽзһҶͻȻķӦ˹ɿķֿ˶Է
Ķ˵ĴĻһ˿ɫ˿ߡ
˾ͽڵѾҶһ
ˣôô״̬أ
˾ͽ˫Ŀ̬ǽһŰ
ʱտҲѾӦ˹ĴĽе
СӣTMD
ʱﻹҽҶ쵱һ۵СӣĶѸٲڶ֮Ƶľ֮١
MDģ˾ͽѵ˵ǺʲôϵѾˣԣ϶ӵģ쵰ӿϵŮ˾ȻѾ˰ͷʸ񡣡
ʱѾȥ˾ͽǲϲԼˣһԼĶͻȻı˸ȥ˵ĸоŮ˻ԼԤģ˵ԼȥԼŮˣֱһܴ衣

ҶһźݺݵؽǰԼһһݺݵ߷˳ȥտ£ʱ˾ͽѾ㯣δڸղŵзӦڵֻӵĸֳղŵ顣
Ҷ쵭ĶŶԷûȥ˾ͽڣǲϵӿ˹Źֵ뷨ԼҲʼؾȫû뵽ԼȻȥ˾ͽڡ
Ѿе˾ͽѸٵıϣеĳǹɿһ˲һǿľɿĴɢ˳ʮ˺ݺݵ˳ȥѸٵĴ˾ͽ뿪ˡ
ƥϣ˾ͽڲΪֵĵסҶ졣
ǿľݺݵɳȥտһԹĶҶ뿪ıӰǴĺ
飬Һݺݵز飬һҪ쵰ҳҪɱɱ
տϼⲻϳ鴤ʱҶˣǽ˾ͽڶУտ˾ͽЩ飬տڵһۼ˾ͽڵʱ˵ľΪˣ׷˶Է
տļȻ˾ͽ˵ҪСһЩǲҲȥȻ˵ժ˾ͽϲ˾ͽǱڣȴΪδ˵ķ˾ͽڵĻ롣
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Ϊ˾ͽڱļǿеĿŸֵķ췹ˣ֪˾ͽǱѾϲˣиӵļΪԼĻѾˣû뵽ǰ·ϾȻɱһҶ졣
MD˾ͽŮˣȻ˵Ĵңܺãӵõ֮һҪ뾡취ĥ㡣
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Χ·ɿĵ˵ͷǲ˵ȴ¶˲мɫȻǶտޱȵӵġ

ϣҶٶ൱Ѹͣű֮ﲻϵԼĦţвɵòһּ΢ĸоȻ˵ϵŲһʮ꼴ӽʮĺˣϣȴһˡ
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뵽ЩҶͻȻݺݵ˦˦ԼԴɿĽƥͣѾӽԼļˣ˵ɿĶϵ˾ͽЦ
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˾ͽǱڲɵ¶˹Ź֮ɫ˵
ѲɣСӻǰƳеĵһɣ
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ҶʮĻһҲ֣κпɲһʮ꣬һ˵Ĵڣǰ£ҶеҲǲϵð

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Ҷͷ˵
νıڶ࣬ھһ֧ı֣ʵǿÿ˶ԼصĻκεһ˵ޱȿµ飬˵ҵĽǴӼѡһЩĳԱȻѵǣֻҪǴﵽ˺ϸıܵĴ࣬ڵҩϻڹ涼õġȴǽ뷨˵Щ˵ΪؼģһΪеĶԱҪ帺𣬶ҲҪŬĽȫĿ
ʱʮҶ٩٩̸ӣԼڳ˿ʼ׷׵ĵͷѡ
ʲô˲ţǣҶ뷨Ĺ˼ԼÿһĲ趼൱Ͻڳ˵ֱĴˡ
ǿʵһͷԣһʱ˾ͽԺвɵһͷ
ҿСӲҵĵˣûɳȥֱһ󻼣ܼܹΪУֱǳԱ˳ŵġ
ҶʱѾ޷ˣ۵ĺӣһִǰСԼĶ


081 Ⱥ
ҶĹ˼£ڼλƿߵİ£ܿʮ߸˱ҶҸۡѡ˳
ѡҪ൱ϸģΪؼһҪԼǿҵУεıʵϵ⣬ܹȱٵı̬
νǿֻ߲ϵı֣һŲļǿģ粻ǿĻҲԼԺķչǿҲʱġ
˵ʮ߸˾˲ѡ֮󣬱˵ĳΪҶԤ뵽ĵһĳԱ
ܹޱϸѡȴվģѾǾӢеľӢˣЩ˵ƽ䶼Ѿﵽ˶ʮ˾ĳ̶ȣﵽ׳֮Ѿû˵ָͺøԶǡҲҶҪġ
վʮ߸˵ǰҶ¶ɫһλߵҲ漴ıŷ˵ȻѾǱѡģνľӢȻһİҶ֪Щ˵п϶вԼĴڡ
ϾڵʵѾﵽʿĳ̶ȣһδɵСӣеĻҲǱġ
Ӧû룬ΪʲôһΪһ֧ƿ߰ɡ
Ҷ쵭˵ϵҲϵӡ
£ٵ߼Ѿʼ̲סĴϢʿƸǿԸ㶨ģЩ˵ȴ൱ǿ˼ǸоԼǰϵͬǾ޴Ĳ˳ѹƣȴѾõδ
ߣĿֻΪ˱øӵǿ󣬵û뵽ҶҾȻһСָӣҺʧҶͷҲ˵ˣʺܺãʵҲǽƾڵʵ˵㡣
һλžװ󵶵국˵
Ҷ΢΢Ŀһۣͨòʮ䣬޳ĿȥޱȵͦΣһĵһܻĴڣǵټȥȴᷢһĲ֮˾Ǳһ㣬Ȼӣȴ޷ڸǵǿâ
ʲô֣
Ҷ΢΢һЦ˵
ڤ
оȻԼһֲĵѸٵչǿƽϵľװζĺ졣
ΧĲڸܵǿ֮󣬷׷ײٴε˼磬ȴǿӲš
ߣܺãڤʵѾﵽʿĳ̶ȣ˶ղŵĻҺͬʸңǡ
һǡĳ֮Ҷ˫Ŀȴıֲĺ⣺
ǣҵʸԺ󿴵ģ
𡭡
ͻʼѸٵĳ֣Ҷıռ䲻ϵɢսĲ
һÿֲƣ
ҶѾԼԭĴˣҪķһȺˣ뵽ǿΪķҶǿеЩ˵ΪǿҲʿƷĳ̶ȣҶԼġתҪ߼ĺܣ˼ͬΪʿƷʵЩҲԼĶֵġ
𡭡
ڵһһĻХУһֻʮ׵ɺɫѪҶ󣬲ҰҶƲϵط˵ŭ
ʵΪǸһ飬ҵʵҪǿ󣬶ҸǽõԼҪһУʵǿıµĹԼһȵĵλ
Ҷû˵һ仰ϵƱ˷ÿһεΧĿзһµı
ͻӰİҶĶʱĴ˫ĿҲʼĶڤĳٵڤΪȻ˵ĸȴǿΪĹڤʵЩ˵ΪǿģȻҲעж
ܵҶǾ˵֮ڤĳȻ̲סĲµı
һ޴ĳӰıۼֲĵԲ׵ķΧв˵µơ
ߣ㣬ǲУ
Ҷﵭ˵ͻȻһХȻɿһצץס˶ԷĳӰӰΪ͸˵۳ģÿеϵҲˣ˵Ӱɺɫͻץס֮󣬶Էϲһ˿ҡ
ʱʱ̵̿ĶעҶѸٵץס仯ƷɿĻһһ㣬ݺݵĴϵķ
ۡ
һѪڵ̲סڤ˳ϵĶԿһղס似ϵıƴܵӰӵǿ

Ҷҽȵǰ̤һϾȻɿð˵µĹѣϵʯȻ˲ı˷ĩ

һĳͬɽһݺݵѹסڤ࣬ǾҵĲڤ޷ƵĳһС
ǺҶ죬ҲûϣԿȫڵڤѾϱҶѹ
һƺҲʼ൱ڤʱѾ޷ȥԼСʮĺӡ
ѪֶΣԼǿʵȻ㲻ȫڤȴҲѾϿĴڡ
˾ˣֻҪ˴ͷǾͻģµġ
ܿĴҲǿĽҶ쵼
Ҷ΢΢ĲһϵĺˮϾʵһȱݣʮʶϻھ϶޷õͬƾʵ޷շ
֪ڻǸоǷҲòҲգѾǵ쵼ߣҵǽǵʵǵĴڱҶҵػߣκεҶҵˣǶҪȥƴĶԿ
һıٷ̶ȵЦ˵
ܹʲô
һҶԺвɵ˶Էϡ
һسʮĳӣȻ֣ٶȴ߼ĳ̶ȣһʦǿ߶ٶȣҷޱȵ˸õķ̬ʹ͵ı˲죬ǱʹõľȻذף
ҿǿһ֮ڣһǸ˶Լĳɳ
˵أ
Цбһ˵Ϣһ˫ͫ׵۾ͬһ㷢˹ضĹâ
ûвܣ
նԥĴҶ˵˳
⻰֮˵ϲɵ¶𾪵ɫΪҶĿΪҶĻеǿҵѾȫӰ쵽ǡ
һҲʵɡ
аԵ˵
ǵĶܵиְɣ
˵һС߲꣬һߵӣһͣڿһ˵֮󣬼ǿڤͱ̶ֳȶɵ΢΢üͷ
Ȼ۵൱ļɵǶԷоȻһһ̶ȵͭӾ޴ޱȣڶԷȴ·һ޻һ㣬ޱȵתš
ҶڴҲӡģΪӥһʦҶԿĴڡĻҶȰ˵
ǵĶΪȺ
ͬǿеһƿҶһ㣬ȫû˿ı仯ǿе΢ȴͬǵһ㣬һǿҵɱ֮


082 ѵһ
ҹĻʼ٣ķҲ漴ڲ˸˵Ĺâ˾ͽڿһƣ֮ɫҶ죬нסðһ۵ĸо
𣿡
˵˾ͽڿʼСΪҶϵĺˮʱһڷɷСϱ
ʱҶ΢΢³һεЦ
һȺ˰ЩļһԸ϶ٸ߰ҶҵȻҲУǻвٵǸոҶҵģ˵Ƚϵ鷳
˵֮󣬱ǿ˾ͽڽϴһϢ㣬Ҷ͵һѱס˻Ľͺݺݵס˶Էǽ޵ӣЦ˵
ߺߣһңȴо൱ɰ
ܵҶϴһϢ˾ͽڵٴεıúȴ̲ס˵
죬ȵǳɻҪҰɣǸʱһж㡣
Ҷƻػ˾ͽȵڲ࣬ǿޱȵĻ֮˾ͽڵҲ̲סĲȻҶѾʼԲˡ
Ҷˡ
Ҷĵ˵Ѿ˾ͽһԷ֡棬洫ޱϢҶʱֿޱȵĸо
̵ּķй뷨
УŹҰɣڻ̫Сˣȵ㳤ˣһġ
ԭ֮Ҷʱ˺˾ͽڣŽӴʱ䲻ϵӣŮҶѾԽϲ
ðɣðɡ
Ҷε˵󽫱ӻظס˵壬ҶЦ˵
˯ɡ
˵岻ɵÿ˶Էֱ۸ǽرס˾ͽڡ

˾ͽĴӦţȴޱȵĽߡ
ԼѾ壬ԺҲȫˣ˯һƺҲûġ
Ǻܿ˾ͽڱҶϾѾһˣȻԼȴѾʼޱȵĳˣ״£˾ͽڵһա˵Ĺʵһ㣬ϵҶ񾭣ĳλҲٴεĳѪ
»ݰʵĶ
Ҷаѵ뵽ȴĽﱧøˣҹעǲߵġ
峿䳡ѾվʮˣҶüͷҲڲϵؽš
Ϊ䳡ֻʮˣһû
ԼʱѾȥһյĹˣ˭û
Ҷ쵭ʵҲһĨ޷ڸǵŭ⡣
껡
ڤҲǲЦش˵ЩҶҪϤĶ࣬һǵΪһ˵ҲûйеһˣĿ˴ҶûжٵĺøУȻҶӴʱ䲻ڤȴѾʼ𽥵ĽΪһˣԶԶĲһʮôļ򵥡
ǵ֮Ա֮ΪȺȫҪҪһ̬侲ǿҲηκεһдڣűǿĴҲҪ÷Է˺ҧסΪؼһȴЩѪļɣ޹زɷԲ껱̭
ƾʲô
ͻȻһŭȻĴֻһһ˹ϲ˷ŭɫԥĶҶ췢ʣзǴĳֲмʵȻǶҶ컹кܴɡ
Ϊʲôٵˡ
һѺɫ۾г˷ŭͲʵĻ棺
ѵ˵ȺĴھΪǵӵĻαҪҶУҵʵߵĶ̶ȣȥﶼܵģӲūҶҲΪ˻ҪĶ֮˵ҪҸֵĺôûӲŲأأӿʲôûп
ȻѾ׵ĴҶˣѾ¶ޱȵĲ
һڼʣ
ڤԼӥ˽ס໥һۣĴӶԷпһ˼ǴˣѾʼˣȻҶܹôֱʣеĺôҲǾԿǵģȥ֪ȥҶ죬ȻΪʵ֡
ˡ
Ҷ쵭˵
ߣҲϡʲôȺƨ
ֵתҪ뿪
ţ
Ҷüͷ΢΢𣬶¶һĨ˵
ϵ뿪ҶңҶҲҪĴڡ
껵˫ĿʱˣʱȻ޷Ҷ쾹Ȼ˵һ
㡭Ȼһ׳գҿ߼ĴڣҶҼҪչˣǶǿҲޱȱģ㾹Ȼе뿪Ҷң
ǽ̬Ȼǻûиоеϵ˵ʱ˫ĿȴԽԹ޺ͼ
ǵģȷʵڼҶ죬ǿʵıӵ˾ͽˣ˵ֱ޷顣
ּʵȻı㲻淴
ǵģҪҶҵҲֲܣ߰ɡ
ڵָҶ첻ڿЦǶʱŤ
Ҷ죬ڵģһյľǣѵ˵ҪƵط𣿻ӵĻԵĲܵѹȵġ
ʮȴһֿ׳յڿ
һȵĵλǿĵҩµĹıһжκεһõóֵģеһ׷Ѱģ׳ղŻ˵ѡ뿪ء
ãһڵģ
˵ٴεת뿪ǿˣҶȴðһɱ⣬ŻɽǶԷһֻͻȴҲһСˣӿɽСѲҲ˵С˵ǶôĿֲ
ܺãǾסĿ飬ҲһԵΪյľмҵġ
ʮˣҶ¶˿֮ɫ˵
ʽĿʼѵĵһ죬ȵһ̬Ȼʱǡʮʱ䣡
Ҷ¶˽֮ɫ˵
ˮĺˮҽһޱȵĴð
ڤ˿Цݿ̲꣬סĲ
ħһֱһħ
һ뷨ǵĲų޵Ҷ쾲ؿǵѵʱ¶ϱһ޴ʯͷϵڱ䳡صԾš
Щ˵ʯͷСһȻҲǲһģڤأﵽһǧĳ̶ȣǱӥ˶ǰ˰ٽҲ㣬Ҳﵽٽĳ̶ȡ
ǵʵ˵㲻ʲôֻҪס˾ͺãҶȴȫľĿסˣ޷УӵĲҪ˵ǰԼˡ
ֶķҶӵָǰеļƾٳһֵʽѵСʱʱûһ˿ֹͣһֹͣĶϱѸٵĳһǿޱȵľʹ
ַǰΪǿʹö޷ֿסģڤȴԣΪޣǿĺܡ


083 ѵ
Ҷ֮Իʹֲ׵طȫΪ൱ǿ֮ĺôķұǾ޴ʯͷһ֮øӵӯ
ȷȴһȱݣǱһʹַϱ˳ֵָĺ֢Ҷɼ˺
һЩҶѾǵˣпԵĻǵļԲģĹӦ֮һӵĲпᡣ
ǿ֮⣬õҩæ
Ϊһڹʱ꣬ԺеĸּʤڵҩƷ
ͨʱɸѡ֮Ҷ㽫ԼĿ⿪ʼ׼еһֵҩʵ
ʵһޱȶصĵҩϱ΢ᵽⵤҩİԵص㡣
ƣ֮ҪյԵĺܶ࣬ǰԵޱȵҩȻԽһ˵ϵȫչҲΪԭ򣬺ܶ˸޷ǿֲҩҲ׳Ƶ鲻ʤ
ʵһص㣬ΪмһΪ»ݵֲ»һֲ½иһЩһĴڡ
ӵУһޱȱֲΪ»ݵڲԽֵҩʼһ͵ķʽľۼһڷʳҩ֮Ҳ˵ı֤˰ȫ
ʵĵȼߣҶޱƣҺʺڵȺԱá
СʱʱӹȥˣϵĺˮѾԼΧγһƬĺۼ׵£ܿЩˮ㱻ޱȵγ˻ɫľ塣

ΪسıȻΪܿһǿڤȻһǧصľʯԾӣ֮࣬ٴε̲ס
ڤǸ䡢̬
ڤĿһۣĶŶԷǻ϶µļ⣬¶һĨŹֵЦ⣺

䣡
ӿǴ˱ʹѨΪ˷ֵĴڣʵǿ֮࣬ȻޱԱģûģַΪеʹ࣬˵˷֮ŭҲ漴ıˣ
ڤУ֪ʲôǷֻǷ𣿡
ڤȴٴε˵

Ҫ㣡
ʧȥڿͬһ̨ϣ˱ž޴ʯͷıȻĶ׷˹
ԷȻǰ˰ٽصľʯԼɿڤüë̲סϵľʯĳǰȥ
ֵĲҪܣ
бץҰ

ʱ˵˵ע⣬Ƿɱдǿ֮Ҷ첻ɵЦȻǹ⻬°Сֹ
ƺһǧͰ˰ٽĳ̶ȶ޷һﰡһΣٽɡ
պþҶߵӥ仰̲֮סĴһٵԾ
һСʱʱ֮еϴʱѾ˲̶ͬȵľʹһе˶ʼ˵˿ڣΪȵµļ˺ɵġ
ˣλֹͣˡ
Ҷ쵭˵
仰֮󣬶ʱ˷ɿĽϵľʯӵһߡ
ڴϢеıǿޱȵ¶ЦӶҶ˵
㲻˵ȵǶ֮ǽ𣿡
ҶЦ˵
͸׼ˡ
˵֮󣬴óһƳɵĺӣĶе˲ɵ¶ɫ
ž
һ֮󣬺ӦʮöӨޱȵĵҩӳǵǰ΢΢΢ķǿޱȵٵסռ䡣
̰ޱȵǿд̲ס˵
ҩȻǵҩ
ڤ侲ޱȵļһﶼ˵¶˾Ⱥɫ˸ӵĲҪ˵ˣǵһӿ˼Ը֮̾á
Ҳѹǻ˵ļȫΪҩƶ൱ϸ񣬳Ҫӵкޱȵĵ֮⣬ҪиҩΪ֧š
൱֣ӵļвޱȵҩ޷õʹãǻᵱһķ˵ʵҩıֻҪһЩȥƽҩıƳΪԭ˵ҩһִڴڵĶ
СҲٻмܹʵóĵҩԼ˷
ʵÿոӦһöҪڶ֮ſӵС
˵꽫ⵤҩһööĽˣ΢΢ĻӶʮȻٵĴϵѨλϣﵭ˵
ȫľѾʼתˣҪ˷ⳤʱĶϽķµҩ
ŷӦ˹ҶǻּľȻԼϵĽȫĽ⿪ˡ
һöɫĵҩڤҲûһ˽ȥ
䡭
ҩ֮󣬶ʱһǿԵҩѸٵĿʼ˳µĳȫľԵޱȵڤ̲סĲ
ǰɣСǰ׳˰ԵҩԾƣĳ̶Ȳ˲Ź֡
Ǿ뷨ոյĳ֣ǰԵҩоȻðһޱȵ˲ĽǿֲޱȵҩĿ
Եޱȵҩ˲俪ʼЧǸЧǸӵЧ
ɺޱȵľʵҩ֮󣬿ٵıü˵ⵤҩЧ˵ĻҲ̫Сⵤҩ֮ˡ
֫ٺϵҩѾȫı˴ޱȵھһȥž˳֫ٺϵľϵת̶Ĺ뵽С
һ޷ˬоѸٵڲӿ
ˬ
һʱڤ̲סдĺָоͺɳĮϴһһ㣬ˬдһ޷ĿС
˵𽥵ĿʼָѪҶĵ˵ͷΪĹͬ˵ʮ˵̬Ҳһ
ڹҶûκε뷨ǵѾʽ֮ڵ̲סĳ鴤һǡ
ֻʱıȻ˫ְ˵ϣǷʴƨ֫ϵذڵϣһֻ󡡣
ޱȵ̬Ҷһμ
̶̵İСʱʱ֮󣬴Ҳ׷׵Ĵ𽥵˹ˬĿҶ죬һδǷˣȻ˵ûͻƣһεѵдȴѾоԼʵѾһ顣
ƽĻµµЧ̶ȣڽڵҩȴʡȥ˰֮գȻôޱȵĿġ
ڤһѵģҲҶԤ֮ڣϾһΪֲһҶӶԷ˫ĿⱩϿ϶ˣһʵһٴε˲١


084 ɱ
ˬĸо
̲֮סĺ
ԣ϶ʱðһźߣȴ൱ͬĻΪˬĸо±һ֮ﵽͻʱС
ˣȥϴˢһ°ɡŴҶѾָ˹Ҷ˵
ҶĻ֮ŷԼϾȻѾð˴ĺɫҺ壬лŵİɫߵ㣬Ǻˮڱǿеɾ֮µĺۼ
ߵıڤ˵
Ϻó
δӦıĬĬصͷ˵
ǰû뵽ȵȣҵϣڤѾı̬ϲ𣿡
ڤٵ뿪ﵭ˵
̫ˡ
ǽһŨɿĳڤ˹ȥ
ģڤбܡ
ȴ˶뿪֮ӥȴӭҶ졣
ӥۣҶ˵
ô㻹𣿡
ӥۻص˵ͷȻǻĳֹ˼µĿ˼֮󣬲Ż˵
øӵǿ󡣡
Ҷ˫Ŀ΢΢𣬶ĶǰļһһĨʺ;УҶ첻ϲϽ֮ˣӲЩ˻ʲôģǶһζȥ׷ˣҶȴȥעһ£Ϊ˴󲿷ֶһЩޱŤĴڡ
˵һԭɡ
ӥ۵˫ĿηӭҶǱ˫ĿɵĻش
иˡһҪɱһ
Ļһǿޱȵɱ֮ޱȵĿʼϱ˳ǿޱȵɱΧȻʼޱȵ·һʯյĳһ㣬ΧҲʼó
ΪԷɱɵġ
о˶Էǿɱ⣬Ҷ۾Ѿгһϸߣϸȴ·Ǻһ㲻ϵɢǿޱȵĺ⡣
ҶȻû̫ѹȴޱȳԾԷֱ仯Ųĳޣ˸޷ǿޱȵɱ⡣
Էʲôȼ
ҶڵĻǿˡ
ʦƷпѾͻˡԣǼһʵ˵ںͿѾﵽ˴ʦĳ̶ˡ
Ҷ֮ϵһε¶˲԰ɫҶҲǵһĹ۲ӥۡ
ȥʮޱȣҲһҵĳ̶ȣվǰȴһεѹѹ屾ģ꣬ϵһѹ
ı鿪ʼһ֮ӥ۱㽫ĿⶢҶ죬ֳڴɫȻҪҶı֡
ʧˣҶıҲκεı仯·ûʦʹʦĳƺһ㡣
ҲΪҶֱ飬ӥƺھӿֳһĨ
ԭҲȥʣʦǴʦҲȥںһҪȷһ£ȷ˽Է𣿻㱣֤޷ҶҴʲôֻ𣿡
ӥۺɵ˵
ҿԱ֤Եı֤ˣң
Ҷ˫Ŀ΢΢ıպϣȴںӶԻ
ʦٻʲô𣿡
ԭڸղŵʱӾȻ״εٻҶ죬Ҷ첻ɵ൱֡
һǸ˲ţ˵Ҫס
˲𣿡
Ҷϸľ׽˲Ŷ֣˫Ŀɿӣ֪ǶԼΪ˽Ĵ֮һҪԼԼ˵Ҳ϶Ϊкôġ
ǵģ˲ţֻģȻһǿɱҵбŷҲ˹Ҳˣ˵ҲŻὫ
Ȼָǹɱӥġ
ʦҪ֪ԭ򡣡
΢΢ĸԼ°ϵĺ˵
ÿ˵ɱǲͬģϹɱһ֮ǧĶ֣ɱ֮ǿ˼Ǹǧﶼһ£ɱ֮ǿֱϹɱͨ˵ɱЧģɱˣϵɱҲܴﵽ̶ֳȣһȴһɱһĿȫĿԼɱҿԳΪ޵һִڡ
˵һôǸɱ˵Ļ
ĵ˵ͷ
ƿصĺõĻӵһɱ񡣡
ҶЦѵ˵
һνɱҲô򵥵ɣҪķѵǺܹؼİ
Ц˵
һѾˣռĹһɱҴһһֵϵõģⲿԷûзӳٵĶãûҵǺѸ㶨ԷԶԷΪɱ¾Ϣ⡶ɱõġ
˵˵Ѿ˰ʧʱˣҿʱľͣ͵ģ˵Ҷõ⡶ɱ֮ҴҵĹۣǺܿı㽫ǿеĹرˡ
ſ˲仰֮ҶоԼϾȻܿƵĿʼһɱӵĿʼ۲ѣǶһҪѪĳ嶯
ޣɱ񣡺ǣȻΪ˵ֻ֣ǿ˼֮󣬱ǿı仯һ֮ľһɱ¾ĻܹԼеɱȫĿĻǶ˵ȷʵǶһİ֡
뵽Щ֮ҶٴεĿһӥۣضŶԷ
ӥۣȷҪΪҶΪʵĴ𣿡
һ仰֮ӥ۵һ˿ϣɵĿʼԽľ޴˫Ŀ¶޷ڸǵļᶨ
ȷҺȷⱲӣҼҲҶҵĹ
Ҷĵ˵ͷԷ˫ĿĹâ൱һޱȼᶨ⣬Ҷڵ֮˵ԷҪǿĶ࣬Ȼ˽⵽еα̶ȣ˵ʼˡ
ܺãȻ˵ĻҾ͸һᣬסԼȡģȻҪĻǾҪԼȥŬҲıķֻṩҪġ
ָ΢΢һӥǾȵıҶָѸޱȵİüУﵭ˵
ɱһ˻ΪѪ޴ڵĹҪǿĻΨһѡ񣬶ⲿԭҪǿĶ࣬ÿնǿĵҩһҪסˣҵˣ˺úõػȥɡ
˵ҶȻ뿪
Ҷ۵ıӰӥ۵˫ĿĿʼʪ
úûȥǵģһģ

ʱˮһʣת֮µʱƮƮȻĹȥˣȻ˶Ⱥеĸλ˵ӿνʹಢҿš
ʹǣҶѵֱַ˼޵һ㣬ñĻ˵ֻ벻ûҶġ
ΪߴҵʵҶֱǷʳӵİ£ֲпޱȵİڶ˵ϣҿҶеĵҩ൱ĳ㣬ҩĴ൱ĳҲΪˬʱǷʳҩʱ䡣
еþʧĪʹ֮󣬴ҵʵǾ͸ӵĲҪ˵ˣеļ嶼ƿصĴڣ˴еĹ㲻ǿ󣬵Ҷ˭ѧĴڣӵİ£Ҷ˵ص㣬ʼ𲽵Ϊѡ˸ֹǵʵѸٵı
µʱѣʮ˾ȻѾȫﵽʿĳ̶ȣ
ʮʿκεһж޷Ԥϵġ
ҲʱҶȴӵ˽ҶһϢõϢ֮Ҷ˫Ŀʱʼޱȱѷɫӥ۵ɱʱ𡭡


085 Ⱥ
ܵҶǳɱ˵ϲɵ¶һĨȵɫڼǰҶѾȹԼʮգڵѾﵽʮĽ׶ΣһʮȴǿޱȵɱΪ֮̾
ˡɱӥۣ¶һĳݵɫʵϵǿ֮ʮԽĿʼоҶʵĿֲûȥһӵȥһֳݺޱ𾴵
ǰµʱȴδҶûмһȴļʶʲôŭ
ͬǾ޴ĺһ㣬಻Ϣڳ˶ʼоԼϵѹǾͷ·ǾµСһ㣬ҡεĸоǾֺ;塣
ȴѾڴΪԾԾˣµʱ䣬˵̥ˣʮƷһʿǿߣӦһС
ң
Ҷ˵Ҷɿ˴
ʱвҶҵˣ˾ͽҵˡ
ϴʱһľŭվʱʱ߶ţ¶˴ʱǶôż
˾ͽǱҲޱȵķŭҶˡ
Ҷ˴֮Ҳûȥʲô̬ſʵ
ʲôʱˣڶôᱻ˽ߣ
˾ͽǱŭ˵
һٷʱѣڶҪȥɢǻûãµ˱㴫Ϣ˽ˡ
ʲôϢ֪ʲô𣿡
ҶϺڸǵż֮ɫԱ
ҪżҲôأ侲
Ҷο˵
ʱһλūͷɿ˽ݹһš
һλݽġ
֮Ҷϲɵһץס˶Է
֪ʲô𣿡
ҶסԼū͵岻ɵòȴǿеסϵľʹ˵
Է˵պޣĶû˵ˡ
պޣ
֮˾ͽǱ̲סĽ
ռҶӵ֣죬ſ¡
˵ҶѾŷ⿪ˣŵһ˲䣬Ҷɫ俪ʼޱȵѿǱޱȵ˵
տ壬㡪ôĵӡ
ɿĶŷ⣬Ծĺ
ȺĿꡪƳǣ
ŵ
ʮĺıŷѸٵںһĴһǿޱȵɱ֮
˵ϵżϵҲɿ¶һĨζ
Ǻǣܺðܺãռңҿ㻹ǲȥˡ
ֻֻȵļ仰
ռտ壡
պޣǷռҶӵ֣ΪʲôὫŽǣҶԷѾ߼Ժĵʦ𣿡
ϵ˫ĿⱩ
ϱԿóԷ˼ȻԷҪǵֽռŪ췭ظֶΰСӵҲѾ˵ˣȻռҵĺɲǱϵô򵥵ģֻտ廹ǺôĵӰȻҽڶٳˣҪʲô
˵ϱɿĽӵϷɿ̤ƥ
Ҫȥʲô
˾ͽǱڼæĺȵ
ǣڶϷŮ˺ڶˣӣϷҲҪȥһᡣ
ݣ
˵ǺɫĿݺݵس˻һɿޱȵĳҶ뿪ķȥ
ҶҵĶϱɲʲô˶ȥǵģκε˶ǵġ
Ҷ˵Ҳʲô໢Ѿĵ˵ͷѸٵ뿪ˣǺܿƥɿ춯
Ҳ²ûдĻռҵҪõڶǴ˵һشĴԷȻƴɱǾͷӵĻҵĽױƲɵˡ
˾ͽǱڲ˾ͽҵ˺ܿеҪɫȴ൱ѿ
ڶܵһ˺ռңҲҪƳǳˡ
죬Ҫˣ
Ҷ˵
еѸٵıŷʼ춯ƺӳҶĻһֲ֮һ޴ޱȵ׵֮ɿļ
ʮƥгˣһ·һħһϢΪһ壬֮Ȼγһӱ˵Ϣ
Ҷ˫Ŀ⣺
տ壬ԼҪ飡

Ƴǣռң
հ׿һŭɫĶǰտ壬ĺ
Ӱӣ֪Ůʲô֪˾ͽǺεȵĴ֪˾ͽһʲôļ㡭ٵŮ˹ѡΪʲôƫƫȥ˾ͽҵˣںǱ˾ͽҵ֪ĻԷܿıģ㵽ûӰռҳҪܻУνӹҵλãεȥ쵼ռҼķȥ
տһ侲˵
ףѾˣѵ˵㻹ҪҰͻȥɣ˵˾ͽΪһҲŻġ
仰֮հ׿ղɵŭЦ˵
ߣۣҵҪһļ⡣
տЦ˵
׾û˾ͽ֮ԱΪȫΪǵʵǿ󣬵ҲΪǼһ㣬Ϊе˶֪ǵļ壬һ˾ͽڳΪҵŮˣǾͲ֮˵ȴ˵ĻһϢ¶ĻΣǿ϶ϵˣǸ޷̧ͷĻǲòҵĴڣһƿŮˣռҺγѸٵķչ
հ׿ϵı鿪ʼ𽥵ĻָȻ˵տĻ൱ǷȴҲʧΪһȽϿ׵Ľ͡
˾ͽڡߣðɣҲ޻˵ˣȷҪƿŮ˵õĻΪԵĳˡ
һ仰տϲɵ¶˲ɫȻǶԼ׵ԸѾ൱˽ˣЦ˵
̵Ů˻𣿺αغءοĸһ𣿡
հ׿ŭȵ
һףŮ˵֮ˣԺΪҲҪȥúõĵһ£һŮȷʵ˼ҾɫǺһ¾ǴϵƷĸǸˣߣڵѾΪƷķˣ˿ķˡ
޸ӾȻ˵ĴЭ飬հ׿ϵĹâԵøӵѰζ˿ǶռԼӵŮһֲ̬ԡ
ǶԼӵŭɫȴӶȻһ¶ע⡭
˵뷨ȷʵ൱Ĳȴһˣһ壬ҶңҶ죡
ˣǴһʼʱѾѡ˺ӣտûȥ˽ԷĴٲȻֻǽ˾ͽΪԼĿ꣬Ҳĵط


086 ɱ¾
һ̰֮ɫĿǰڴϵտʱĿʼı
ʱ˾ͽڻ޷ţµ¶˷ŭɫŭɫȴԵøӵա
ŭӿһԱҲԽͦտ忴ֱ˼Ʒ
տ壬òҪɵ£û˾ͽҵĺҶҵŭȫġ
տ϶ʱ¶ЦݣҶҶ֮ŭӵʢ
ߣС˰뷨ĺܰҼȻҽ׽ҲǴѾȫ֮ˣҶңߣ˵ҶСӰɣˣһû˵Ƴռǵһң˾ͽȻҪǿ󣬵ȴǾ;ļ壬ҡֻҪҵõ֮Ϊ˾ͽҵͷܹԼļ˵ǾԵĻ˽ҵĴڣ˵Ķôʧȥ֮㣬Ҳʹ˵ֻܹҵŮˣûֱͿԽ˾ͽ
˵տ̰֮ɫѾԽǿԼڴ˺ܾõŮ˾ҪΪԼԼʹཿĺҲ漴Ŀʼü
㡭㲻Ҫտ壬ҹ
տǷޱȵ֮˾ͽڵ̲סĻǴ
аɣаɣ˵еԽҵоԽģҽ㻹ڴϰɣܹڴǽѵĽΪܵ飬ռңΪ˾ͽһô֪ռҽ׽̫ʵˡ㾡ܵĽУû˿Ծģ
ߣͽӣ
ͻȻһȻĴԲᣬȴһȻζ֮·ļаΧסһһ㣬ˬޱȡ
ĳ֣տɫʱһ䣬Ȼֵķ־ԼıһŰɫ۵ŮĶԼ
һɫĳڶԷ͸ĽǸߴһ߶ĽԵԽͦΣǰһԱ޷ڵѩɫĳͻ̬
һѷɫ˾ͽڵŮұ˾ͽ˵ӵջģϢ˵ʣһеһںһ֮˲ıһ
Ůӵӿȥʮ߰ĳ̶ȣ˾ͽ˵ӵĳ죬˵˾ͽһ޵ĻĻŮӱǴ̵޻ֶҳ޷ա
ˣȻ˵֪εĽ뵽ռ֮صģ֮Ҳ㸣ֻҪңұ֤Ҫ˼帣
ڿŮ֮տ˲Ľ͵ͷ壬ǶԷһԺɫӸӵһֶޱȵ뵽ռҵĵ̣˶ԭտѾȥںˣ˫ĿʼޱȵڶԷĽĴԺиӵĳŮ໥ƣĽԼĴɫ
Ůӵзɿ¶һĨɫӶԷȻ뷨Ǵб֪Էڴʲôӵע⡣
Ϊƽ߸ϵĴڣһֱȻһ˪ȻĴڣһССĵͽ˵ԼĴڡ
ߣ֪Ķ
Ůĺһ֮ѩɫȻĴӰɫĳչ˳
ָӨ͸һһ޳ָޱȻƺһĴ⣬һȴտ峹׵ĳˡ
ҪõŮˣһҪõ˭Ҳߣ˭
տдǾʱŮӵȴ΢΢ĳϻذȥһɫľȻı˲еĺʢͬǺһϢӵǿʮٱĳ̶ȡ

緢ûκԥտ˲ıصĴ˳ȥһֲɺѪҺʼĴ˳

ɺ죡
֫
ʯ
Ѫ
岻ϵشʻпʼת䣬󲻹ʱ㱻˲ɻһʬ壬ез·һ㲻ϵиջΧ˵ÿһɺıŷеĹâ֣¶ޱȵĹ
ɺɫͫûκεĸ飬ǵеĶħһֻ֪ȥǰ䲻ϵص¡
ޱȵıɵûֱֱӵıա
ޱȵ͸˲ÿһεļ䶼˵Ĵߴ
ʮȺԱҲǲϵػеı
ڤĴлֵ趯ţһȦȦĵϵתͬһĽΧȺ˲вһгͷ֮塣
ֳذͬǰҹеһǿޱȵķͷֵķۣǿֲȴû˳Ϊ˵Ŀ꣬ٶ˵Ϊ˵һ
ӥǳҶ֮Ϊֲһһһ㣬ǿ޲г룬еľ޸ͬһĿֲϵĽƬƬѪҺ
հ׿յɫԽѿ˵ռǰƳһĴˣû뵽ǽʮ߸˱㽫ռҵĴ˴룬Щ˻϶Ƿ˵ġ
ֲֿĳ̶ȼֱһȺһ㣬ĽԼʵΪԭĳ̶ȡ
㡭ǵĵʲôˣռҴʼƺδӴǿߣѵ˵λԳʵǿռңӰƳǲɣ
Ҷел˻еѩǹȻĳ֣ޱȵĽΧ߰߼ǿĴƬ
ˡ
ųǹϱŷĵ㲨ƣһֲıڿķɺ˫ĿʱѾָԭɫ󣬵ϵɷȴǿԽŨ
ռңߣҶ֮ˣռҵտǿеĴ˾ͽҵ˾ͽڣӦ൱ɣ˾ͽڣûҽѪϴռҡ
˾ͽڡ
հ׿յɫʱһ䣬૵ĵţεȥ²⵫վǽŮӸˣʵȫû뵽˾ͽڵ¶Ѹ٣ʮ߸ֲǿߣʱѾڰտ岻Ҫȥַ˾ͽˣôʱˣ֮ĹϵѾˡ
æ˵
Ҷ˾ͽҵŮѾ˷֮ʵҶҵǺѾϵʵˣ˾ͽҵҲ޷ı䡭
䣡
ɱƵĿʼҶ˫Ŀͬһķɢű䵫ȴɱ⣺
Ⱥ֮һ
ŵ
໣
ǵı˳ʱҶԼ˾ͽںܿѾ֮еɱѾ޷Ƶı˳
ʮʿǿ߽һһֺεȿֲĳ̶ȣû֪ȴѪʬܡ
㡭Сôĵӣ
տ屾ΪԼ˵ʵ֮󣬶Էܻ֣ûϵǶԷδ˰֣ԽĿֲ
ɱ¾޷ƣ


087 ձ
ɱͷݽ棬һʱѪˮѾлϸһ㣬ʮ߸ˣֲֳһ·ħһĿֲվߴ屬˿־壬հ׿յиоʷǰľ
ռҡˣ
ʱֻһͷǿѾڵϵռӵܣڵѪʱ䣬ʴĻۣ˲仯Уհ׿˵
С㡭ú
Ҷƺݺݵץסһ֪ռ֮ˣֵ
꣡
ǿ˲ĽԷĲˣհ׿յĻ֮ɷʮ˵
ߣԶ
ʱհ׿ߵ˶޲һ仰ڴһ֮һޱȿֲıϢ˲ĽǵĻˡ
־壬Լ
Сɱɣɱɣ˵ǸŮˣѾˣڵõŮ֮ǰӱѾԵˣѩỬޱȣôĶˣܹ浽ŮѾ޺ˡ

Ҷͫ׾ޱȵһֱһֳ˵ֱ˾ͽھԵĲ˵ң˶ԷĻ֮Ҷŭ񱩣һŭ֮ѩǹı
͡
ǿȻĹעǹ֮У£һʮ׵ǹ˲ıͬ˸һٶȷû뵽˶ԷĶͷϣûκ谭ıֱӵĽԷȫĴ̴ˡ
͡
ž䡭
ǿǹޱȵĽļĴ̴֮ޱѸ͵źʹ̣ڵϽӴ󱬷һֲޱȵһ޴ĿѨر˳
ҶٴεĽĿ׼ԼЩѾǳ׵ľʣµЩֻһЩ۵С䣬ȻҶע⣬ڿ˵ϵհ׿֮ŭȴ޷Ƶٴӿ
𡭡ɱǣ֪Ҫҵ
һλŵӴľȻʱѾʼȫıֲϢ˸ڿҶҪٴεĳ֮æ˵
·
Ҷеĳǹ΢΢ָŶԷʱ򣬿񱩵ıͻȻֻһλų۵ɷĴӺ˹
һѪԴƺΪȵżû˵ĶѪֲƣԼбֶΣȫĲѷɫҶЩˡ
ǸҶϣҶ֮ĺȵ
أ
Ҷ췳ޱȵ˵
տˣǻû뿪
˵ָ֮ūͺȵ
·
ʱϲע⵽ΧĻνѪɺڵҲǲΪģǿֲͲп֫壬ɺѪҺԼֲޱȵֶΣϵвɵһǿޱȵı䣬ʮֱֳļһŷֶԷʵȻѾﵽʿĳ̶ȡ
ʮʿǿߣ˾ͽҶӵôĸ֣ʮˣǼֱǿԺɨеκһˡ
СӣѵɣʮһĴﵽʿĳ̶ȣô̵ʱεġ
ҶҪ룬ϼæĺȵ
Сȵȣ
ҶڵʼЩˣϾʱ˵Ľȣÿһ붼൱ıһ˾ͽڷκε飬ⱲӶܻ˵ĺģһﵽҪʲô
ʲôǻȥ˵Ҫȥڶ
ˢ
ϵ͵ĳҶߣޱص˵
û˱ҸӵżҲû˱ҸӵҪҵڶϷһ仰
Ҷͫɱı
ͷ㵽ҪʲôʲôѵҵڶӵҪ𣿡
Ϻɵ˵
ǵģޱȵҪ
Ҷٴεĺȵ
·
ϵɫʱһ䣬ҶߵʮȺԱȻһ˲ʮϵѸٵΪһ壬ʿƷĵ֮󣬴ﵽЧϵ϶˵ı仯
⡭ͨʿǿߣǿơ
ҶҪ뷿ˣϴĺ
СӣϷŮѾѾˣǷ񻹻ѡ
ž
ҶһȭߵһĴĩҲ˷Ķ⣬ȥҲ룬Ϊȥ⣬ϵĻȴ޷ȥֹԼȥˡ
Ҷͣס֮ϵ˫Ŀвɵ¶һĨȴûзŭΪȫ˽Ҷ뷨ֻȴɸоһ˿Īĺ⡣
ʱ䡢ռ䣬·ʱ򶨸ȥû˵ҲûȥֹҶһվϵļĳ鴤š
˭Ҳûз֣ʱһϢڷżٵĲȻ൱
ӵʱӹȥˣǶڳ˵ȴ·Ƕȹһ㣬ҶǿƼҪ˲ʱ̸ѹһ㣬ߵǸ·Ҳ˵ıϢѹѪڵϡ
ңңģҶش˳
ϲڶˣֻ壡
ʲô
ϵ϶ʱ¶˾ϲɫ޷ƵЦ
ڳҲ¶˾ɫ
һŮ˵ޱȵҪǶһ˵Լϲ֮˵ޱȵҪģûκεһ˲ϣԼϲ֮ԼŮǴģǵ֮󣬺ٻҶ˵ѡ񣬱Ͼ˵һֿܣȴһֿˡοҶڻֻһʮĺӡ
ҶĻȴе˶ŷޱȣΪеļᶨ޷赲Ľڳκεһ˶޷ȥɡ
죡
һӰȻĴһг˳رסҶ壬ǿϤݣ˾ͽֻ˭
ڶ
Ҷ¶ޱȼɫ¥˻ˣ۾еĹâϵ˸
ߣò˵ȻҲһˣǱЩαĳҪõĶࡣ
һȻĴһλŰɫ۵ŮӻشǷ˳ǾޱȵĽԼ䳬˵˲Ľڳɱˡ
Ҷ΢΢֮󵭵˵
˭
Ҷ֮ϲɵһĻָƽû뵽ô˶ȴҶһӡ
Ҷ쾹Ȼô˹ŮӵϲһĨصľȵȴһǿޱȵĴܸкͲ
ΪǸ߸ϵĴڣһֱûκεһ˿ԵֿסԼĴڣǰҶȴֻһָ֮˹ȻŮеǷݽıһ¡
ձҵ֡
Ů˵˭Ҳ֪ʱŮǶôľţղĻشȫǲѿڶжһĨĺѸٵĳϣڿҶ첢δע⵽֮вɵһĨңǻиķŭ


088 Ϯ¼
죬ձȵңʱտҪңҪձ㣬ҡҡ
˵֮֮˾ͽҲ̲סĿȻһһŮ˵ֱ޷ĺ
ԣˣٿ޿ɾͱСèˡ
ҶЦ˵ͬʱҲԽľӦýС׽˾ͽڵģĻİοҲӵбϡ
ԹԵģǻȥˡ
Ҷ찲ο˾ͽڣ˵
Ҫȥߡ
ձͻȻ˵
͡
ΧĿжʱıһĨ⣬Ҷ˫Ŀ΢΢˵
ʲô˼
ձû˵ӣȴ˶޷ʱ˼£˾ͽڵϱ¶һĨȣüȴϵؽȻû¶ģֱձһ˿֮ٴεĶ˼£˾ͽڲžһ㣬΢ɲԴ
̻ӵʱ䣬ձĶޱȵأ˼ҶضȴҲûзֶԷĶ
ûʲô˼˾ͽҾģҲ˵˵ĶˣҾߡ
˵ʲô
Ҷӿǳ׵ıŭˣѾԷݸɨŭЦ˵
Ҫڶ˭ʸ˭Ĵ𸴣Ƕδͬ⣬ʲôܹ𣿡
˵ʮȺԱѾʼɢˣΪʿǿǵеģ˺׵ıձǿ
ߣȻ֪ʲôڵĳ̶˵Ļδﵽʦĳ̶ȣˣ̫ˣ˵ڶĻֻ̣ǱʣѾڶǧغ̫壬ǧضĳһΣǵĹĻԵĻڶʱ֮ڴﵽһֲʵĻֱ˷ѡ
ձĻ˵
ӣޱȵӣϹŻǿҶ˵ܵ˵ӣڵҲˣȻ˵ԷڶһΣʵȴҲǴ˴˾ͽڵע⣬Ȼڸղŵֺøɴ˵ôѡ
죬ձ㣬ǲҪ
Ѿʼˣ˾ͽڼæ˵
ߣڶµûһöСӺҲ䣬ھʹ߰ɡ
ʱʼ
Ҳѹɫ˵ѿһȡֵļһſڱտڵıҪ׵һˣҲ˵ı仯ġ
µĻǲ˵̫ԵˣҪ֪ҿڶΨһˣʹҵ𣿡
Ϸˣձ΢΢¶һĨأȴɵ˵
ʵѾﵽ˴ʦĳ̶ȣǡȴסң˵ҲҪȥˡ
һʱ˵ɫı仯
һǾϵʵһڸ̾ձǿӴʦʵǲڼӵظʵʦӵǿ
ߣԲѣ
ҶĺһԴӽӴ֮ʵѾһǧȻǶޱȵķŭ
͡
ѩǹɿĳУҶ쾹Ȼƾյóһǹձɫ΢΢һ˲Ŀʼע⵽Ҷеһöޱȵɫָ
ҲʱһĨâȴٵǰ֮ͬһ㣬âѸޱȵչ󷢳ԭϢȫĽձ
ҶѾһȻ˵ŴԲѵɣȴƾһĳռУʵѾǿˣ˵Ϊ˲ȥֵ˺ԷҶҲһѡ
ܵϴĦͿԼٿΧǹӰձɫ΢΢һȴûȥ⡣
΢΢һ֮ͬǰһпٵĳ˿С
ǹӰơ
ֽȻͬĴڣ໥ײһޱȻĸо
̫Ŀˡ
ҶŭʱѾ˳˯ûʵԵĿԿԷĵȼ
ͻȻһ߳ȻĴ˳
֣
ǽ߳ĳ֣Ҷɫʱһ䣬ͬʱȻıһɾ޴ޱȵȴִޱȵĴ˳ǹϣǿٴҶȻһݺݵر˳ȥ
䡭
˾ޱȵıҶ쾹ȻӱĴ˱ķУµײ
ɱ
ʮȺԱŭһ֮󣬿ٵĳձ
ߣһȺˡ
ձϱޱȱ
ס֣
ͻȻһŭȴ˳ӷл߳һˡ
ɺɫޱȵע⣬ǳǹǹϲϵðĺâǱȥҶ졣
ҶǷ·ûܵ˺֮ձ΢΢¶һĨȣȴ˫ֻվﾲصȴŶԷ߳
һԱĶԽͦҲջ֮Խǿ
ž
ֵĽǵ·ĴɣҶǿֲĶձеŭһ޷ƵıŰޱȵ
֮ˣ
ɻǹʼҶչˣǹϵĹâһ޴ʼתͬһ״ȴһޱȷζ
о˿ռеַڵζձһָٵĳҶץ˹ȥ
ߣڵˮƽ˵ĲһȼĴڡ
˵ƾȻյĳҶǹץȥ
С椣˵̫ľ˰ɡ
ҶԴа˵Դ˫Ŀɺ֮ԭƺһĨаζ
С֮ձȻĲһ㺮⣬ָһ䣬ץΪա
ץֽȻͬЧĸı֮󣬿ѸٵĳһޱȵҶĳǹʼ
͡
ŶԷĶҶеĳǹ·ǲܿƵĿʼǹǻشҶϻ

Ҷ첻ٳɿŭһĶֻ֮ǹϵĹȻɿı˳ޱǿĦڿз·ǻһĲ
͡
ֲձֱеĵâˣһŭһƺݺݵسҶϴ˹ȥ
ž
ֲޱȵѹٵЩͨ˲Ĺ˵ϣ
䡭
ͨˣȺ˵Ľ¶ѿ˵µĺۼ
һѪݺݵĵشҶ˳Ҳǿٴδɣصһ˲䣬ѩǹȻķһҶ챾˵ͬһĶ߲Ѹٵķ
ø֪Ķ
ձ˵ȻҲһ˿
ͻȻǰȻһҶ徹Ȼӳǰ
ڤ˿ߡ
ձƿٴһ˲䣬ڤеڤ˿Ȼļ˲ĴձϣҶȻĴ߶̤߲һֹޱȵķλʼŶԷ
ÿ죬Ǳ֮һﵽʲô·
ձڵĿʼʵǳ˴ʦĴڣһССʿȻܹԼֿôʱ䣬˵ȥֱǳ˵

ձȻŭһѸٵıŷǿֲĺѸٵĽΧ˺ݺݵƿˡ
ȻʱձѾԼ롣
ҲʱҶֱȴȻĸŶԷ岻ߵľݺݵرס˶Է
ձŭ֮ɫʢǽȴҶûıסˣһֲȴ޷

ܵԼ徹ȻԼƽޱĳ˸ˣŭʼƿٴεתձҲûı㳯ŶԷϾһơ
͡
ҶƺݺݵڶԷǰץһ£ȴûץΣٵıŭеձ˳ȥ
Ҷ췢ģǹģȫǷɳȥ֮һʶı֣ʱձǽһŭܵԼϾزȻһ˸ץˡ
ǸӿֲٴεķˣΪҶлץŶԷһ˿ɴ˵ǰضʱҲڸǲסĳҶǰ
Ҷ졭㣬ҵš
Ŵһûעʱձ߷Ľ߳ڽҶ֮ٵı˾ͽڣͷҲص뿪ˡʱҶȴѾΪڵƵԵ˹ȥ
ϵкǾӨޱȵĹеǰһ̣˾ͽڵĿɿĴ
һҪѩŮѰҡ


089 ͻƵԤ
ҪֵѩŮ֮Ȼĺȵ
Ҫ׷ˣȾˡ
λȺԱԣʱļɿĽҶʱҶȴ˻ԵУϢԽ
ȻΪƹɵġ
žžž
һޱȵĽŲɿĴֻ˾ͽǱڴŴ¼Ҵҵĸ˹Ҷ֮ɫʱһ䣬ΪҶ鿴Ƶʱ򣬼æʵ
ô𣿡
ϵ¶֮ɫ˵
̫ǿľڷƻţģôôݶأֱǽҪ򡣡
ΪղҶձֵѸ߲ͣޱȵĹأ˵ղŵľҲûпû֪ҶһεϮ¼ǿǲ˵ˡ
ռҵʵôǿ𣿡
Ҷǿֲƣ˾ͽǱڵϲɵ¶˷ŭ֮ɫ
ռҵ˸ɵģ֮ˡ
ɶ֮˾ͽǱڵɫʱһ䣬ȻҲ֪ɶֵķˡ
ž
һֱֻȵذϵϣҶɺɫ˫ĿĺˣʱһǿϢı󴫵˳ƺǱҶڸȥ
ҪˣҪҵһ£Ϊһɡ
˵֮ٵĵγԪ̬
ʱҶ챾ӦѾˣǾڻԲһɺ嫵ٵľѸޱȵĽеȫ޸ڵҶ쿴ȥޱȵĿֲǲգ۵ʱȴѾָĲˡ
Ҷ쾹ȻѲҿʼԼĻָϲɵ΢΢һһļ֮ɫ˾ͽǱڣЦѵ˵
ռˣ׵ˣʮҶҵ˽ĸˣȴһɵˣԷʵޱȵǿ󣬼ҲмܲסԷڶˣ˵ڶǧѵһ̫塣
˾ͽǱڵɫٴεı仯
̫壬ִ˵˱ԹһǧﶼΪǿʲô˴ߵģ
˾ͽǱڲǴ֮ˣ˼ʶޱȵĹڼżҲˣԽԼĵľŭͼѹ֮ٴεʵ
ĳԷƺûжС
ϿЦ˵ǼоɲҶӣֱޣôûжС
һۻеҶ˵
ѩŮˣһŮӣС鷳С
ѩŮ֮˾ͽǱڵɫ׵ı
ѩŮȻTMDѩŮһȺʳ˼ֻ̻֪ԸľһѩŮTMDģTMDôѩŮ
һʱ˾ͽǱ֮ɫ׵ĸıˣȻǶѩŮûжٵĺøС
ǰôѩŮأǵʵ˵޷ԿɵģӲҪ˵еٮٮѩŮˣҪСԼˡ
˵ȻĸоҶѸٵıһǿޱȵơ
ҶһƵĿӣϵ֮ɫʱı֮ɫĶŶԷʱĿЦ˵
һڳ˯еģû뵽ˣԷʵǺǿ󰡣ȻԽȵ̶ֳȡ
Ҷһɺв˿ֲŭ⣺
ʦҪǿ
ɫʱһ
ǿҪʱ䣬һʱ䣬ڵʵ˵ĻѾ亱Ĵˣ֮Ѿļ䣬ŮӵʵȷʵǿǽǿһڣҶԷʵûԷǶָɵĽɱǧٴΡ
ʦ˼ǲȥˣ
Ҷɫ΢΢һ䡣
ߣ𣿲ӵĵܱ˵۸Ϊҳ˯ԵʣϷһǸһ˵ǿ⣬ѾˣתؼĴ컯ˣһֱȥĻöԷ£ҲҪʱ䣬ԷȻǳ˾ͽڶģҲ˵Է˺Է˵ڶʱ֮ҪıȥأתǿɲϵǿԽʽֻҪܹѰҵͬԵʵһġ
ҼǵˮԵǴҵģȻԷףҲ˵Է϶Ҵڲμ֮ȥѰ
ӻĵ˵ͷ
ͻȻǸоʲôһ㣬Ц
úõɣǺǣǱģûĳЩصĴҲϡ
Ȼõһ仰Ҷ޷ģΪʱѾع鵽Уع鵽һ˲䣬ǿֲľʹʱļ⿪ʼ
ҶȴǿеҧתޱȵĿʼתֲޱȵٶΧԲǧ׵ķΧоȻγһ޴УЩеľȻһµԪɵġ
˰Եٶȣڳ˶ʱĴһϣΪڳ֮ΪǿĴڣӵʲô
ԪٶԽǿҲʹٶޱȵѸͣԼԪٶҲûֲĳ̶ȣǲԷ֮һĵز
֮һ
ÿÿ뵽Լٶ֮ϱоһԱ֪ҶʵΪʲôôǿҵٶȣǿǲŽء
ٴεı仯ʮ֮Ȼһ٣ѸٵĸıԼ̬е֮ǧԪĴָϸĳ̶ȿʼҶļд˽ȥ֪ЩԪһӴҶѸٵɢģڿ׳۵ľ֮еɫȴ΢΢ı仯
ΪҶԵʣ˵ΧԪŨ̶Ҳ˴ﵽһ̬ĳ̶ȣ˵ڳȺԱѾ˵е
ʮʿǿϲɵöҶԽľܹΪ²κε˶ģʮһﲻǷȴҲ㲻ǿߣҶȴֲΣȻһ˿ӵеġ
εԪҶ֮󣬱㱻ҶѸٵеľҲɿĵõ˲䡣
ٴδǵȻ˵ѾҶˣȴʧˣǺҶΪһ塣
ϵھߣÿһȦҶ˵Ļָһ֣Щѵľ˿ʼָԭ״̬Ǳԭ״̬ӵǿ
еʼԽŨƻڲϵسɳܵձҵع֮ҶϵǱҲٴεķ˳
Ҷ֮󣬺ˣҲ廹ȱһѹûѹȻûжһεѹȴϵǱķӡ
ܵԼԽǿҶҲʼ𲽵Ŀʼݻղŵ
һεĸܵձǿ֮Ҷ췴ûʲôȣҶձĶԼϸı仯ʼĦ
˸޷龰ٴεĳֵģеĴڣҶ˴֮꣬ǿ˿Ա⣬ȫĿٴεģղŵ
״£ҶļʶҲڷɿţתԽԽ죬ѧϵҶҲԽ
ž
Ҷϵһ֮һǿޱȵϣҲڷıǣֱ仯ȴҲǳ˶̶̵ļ֮ʧˡ
һͿͻƵʿƷĳ̶ˡ
ҶЩյ˵˫ĿҲֲâĳֻˡ


090 պ
Ҷʼ˫Ŀһ˲ɫĹâ˵һֱʹʹĸоʵǼΪǿģ˵ҶϢӵУҶ۾һ˲вɵóһֹŹֵɫ
һֱĴڣһȻٴεͻƵףҸղźѩŮĵӶԿʱ򣬷ĸо˶ԷֿµƣȻԷûþȫܹͶԷԿôʱ䣬ͬкĴڡ
˾ͽǱһѵץסҶֱۣϵɿתҲ𽥵ĻָƽȻһεתҶ֮ܵҶѾȫĻָȫʢ
СӣˣиôĻ㻹ðҳ˰
ЩֵЦݳϣҶ˫Ŀȴޱȱ˵
ϣѩŮ˽١
һʱϺ˾ͽǱڵɫΪ֮һ䡣
ѩŮʵһͬиǲɶõĴڣѩŮʵĴڰѩŮһɣ˵˵ɵɣһǧʱžۼǿһǲǰҲٴңһڸ֮ϵȻٵʷҲǧصĳ̶ȣǿޱȵĵȼ֣ʺʵΪǿĴڣ˺õ˺õʵԵĿԳΪϣɵڶ࣬ٵҲ˵ĳ̶ȣЩۣūͶʦĳ̶ȣ˵һֶôǿ
⻰֮ڳ˳˾ͽǱ֮޲һֱ̹ǵĸоǿֱ񻰴˵һĿֲ
ʦʲôĴڣǿһĸ֣˾ͽĴʦǿҲָһĹţнūһĴڣڳ˸Ľܲˡ
Ҷ˫Ŀ΢΢𣬶󵭵˵
˵
Ҷ쾹Ȼû˿ı仯ϵϲɵ¶һĨɫܹǿĴڿ¼ǰ׳նежôĿֲҶȴû̫ķӦ˲ǰ׳վǷӣҶȻǣĵǴӺζ
Ϻ˾ͽǱ໥Ķһ֮ε̾Ϣһϸޱȿɬ˵
ҽ˰ɣɵǿǿģǴһʵ޷ҡɵĴڣΪеĸʵ̫ˣһҪ佨ҪЩʸеһÿһĸҲҪʼĳ̶ȣʼǺεȵǿ󣬻ּƺɽʵѩŮӵǿѾ֮õĳ̶ȣеµӸǴﵽʮ֮࣬ǴĵǵҪϹ񰡣˵лŴ˵ޱǿģǿ޵е˼ڵˮ׼ԷͷԽɱΣѩŮĵʵҲӦʶˣҲ޷ԿģԷӦĳ̶ˣԷʵǰٻȻ㲻ޱǿ󣬵ӦõλҲˣ˵ڶҪСĵ
ѵõ˳ʱȰ⣬һžʹ˵ΪԼŮߣܵۡĻ˶Էǰ;
Ҳ˵֮⣬Ӱ𣿿¼Ǹ߼ԺСޱȵĴˡ
εһҶͷʹĵ˵ͷ
𣿡
õ˿϶Ļش֮Ҷвɵһεĸо
ߣɣÿŵƣϹŻ֮ɺֹǧֻ֮࣬Ҫ㽫ת̿Ҳ˿Ĳȥη壬½ǿΪ𣬵ǿʵ֮һжӰȫĲҪʲô
˵
ǵģϹ湦תǿʦŵҩƷֻҪҴҵΪĽչģʱ˭ɵҲںģŰѩŮҺܿľͻȥģڶң
뵽֮Ҷ΢΢ЦǺϢȴ·Ǻһ㽫ڳ˶޲ݺݵرһ¡
ûµģɶѣܺãȿռҵĶɣռ˳ʱļӦŲٵĺöġ
Ҷʹ˵ͷҲصȥ֮ϵȻĳһĸоǰҶ졭޷͸
Ҳһ죬һĿ֮ϰɡ
˻뷨Ȼֲͬһ㣬ϵѿ
Ҫպޣҡ簡㾹ȻӶң
ͻȻһޱȵĽǷд˳֮ҶɫʱıñȻĽƺݺݵش˵ϡ
ֲѸٵĳΧ¼ǷѸٵĳĲ
䡭
Ųıһ񱩵ı֮ͬǳһըˡ
һӰȻĴмڶԷзĻһˡ
ȫѾĥԸӵļһﲻտֻ˭ʱһֻһıС
˭
ļһ֮ҶȻѾЩ뷨ȴɱޱȵ˵
˴Լʮ˾ӣ޳һѪɫۣޱȵ۾ϢɫףֲͬѰİɫζӵǿ
պޣ
˵ǱоȻһֳ޵صζƺﶼһ㡣
ҵŰɡ
Ҷ˫Ŀ΢΢ıúԷȻԼżȴҲԼԷʵҶѾˣʿƷȻ֪պ޺ռʲôޣһƷʿ޷ĺͶԷԿġ
պޣߣռҵĶӣһֱڼ壬ƳǸ߼Ժѡεĵһʵ߼Ʒ壬ڿ㾹ȻﵽʿƷĳ̶ȣȻǲǰٴεͻơ
ϵҲ㲻úã㲻ûһȻҲ뵽˶ԷĿģҶҺ˾ͽҽռҸˡ
ϵĻպ޵˫Ŀ΢΢һ˿棬ȴܿʧˣ
ȷʵռҵĶӣҲȷʵǣûƾҵ޷ġ
˾ͽǱڵش˳
ߣܺõֶΣ˾ͽڱٳ֮ȴҵ˵ڶɵ˾ͽҵˣȻڰеİտǿд˾ͽڣ˵²ûдĻӦñ㡣
һҶɱʱĿ񱩶ûռҵ飬ûбտ˾ͽڣѩŮձҲᷢ˾ͽ̫壬ԼҲӵĲͶԷʹ˵ķ룺
Ҳ˵Ҳǰ֮һ
ϣϣϡ
ʮȺѸٵĽеıսˣȻֻҪҶһ仰Ǽ̵ľͻǰ׵һһССʿƷĳ̶ȣǵӣοʮ˵ʵɶʿΪ
ߣ˾ͽǱڣҲӦ֪ҲֵĻǸŮҲᱻǿеĴߵģֵĿ߼ǿߣЩƺֻƷĳ̶ȣҲƲá
ʱҵĿ⿪ʼҶ죬ϾֱӵĹϵʮʿȺԱΪǿһ
Ҷ˫ĿѾ麮ָض


091 Ѫ
ǻûеȵҶ췴Ӧһŭȴɴ˵ĳˣ
պ㲻úҿ׸磬Ҹ׻ڣ㾹Ȼ´˶ֽռҶȻҺƻУ㣬㣬ԶĳڰǵУ֮ܵգԶġ
տڴʱպԭ·һƬɫĹغˮһ˫ĿͻȻһ˿ֲޱȵתȻİտֱϡ
͡
Ķ֮һѪ⾹ȻŽı˺
պޣˣ㾹ȻҲɱҰɣɱҰɣ֪Ϊʲô˵ĺңΪڼңܵδܹĶϲĶȫĶҵģĸǸŮ˵ҸĹŮ˰ȻǷζ̴氡֪ʱǶôĴ̼ǽʹ롢붼Ѫڰ
ģޱȵĶģ
Ҷ⻰֮󣬶ʱĸоޱȵĶģϾȻˣ޲簡
ߣ˵𣿡
պ޵ϾȻ·Ǽʯһ㣬ûκεı仯ֻøӵŶԷԼĸ׵裬ȫĲںһ㡣
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ԴڼʶҶʵ֮ȺĹѾôδйǿˣڵڤ˵ȫĽԼҶҰһ𣡣


092 ͨ
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ռԭһСֻмĻг˼ǿӦôŲٵأߣȥɡ
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ձǿ˾ͽڵǿдߣҶ˵һСĴ뵽ѩŮִǾһ޴Ȼڣб·Ǳһʯһѹ֡


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ҶУҶҵķУֵı仯УԵʱ䡪ؿʼˣ


094 ݽ
ʱٵţҶҵѾͬѵľһûκε谭˵Ŀ϶бΪ˵ǿǷչٶҲӵǿޱȣʮȺԱƲɵ谭֮ûκεĿԾþõĳǵġ
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̲סı˴ֿڣҶҲ¶εɫͲһͻˣ뵽˾ͽ֮Ƿ·ǳΪħһĴڣһ˿նϵĸоȴ˵ɢˡ
ڶ黹ҵ˲Сĺ֢Ǽ޷ͻƣҵȴҲѾʼԽŨڼһʦĸҲˮ׼ˣͻҲֻԱˣҲʧΪһ£䲻ȴӵɱ
Ҷ˵˼УͻȻһǿޱȵϢȻĳ֣Ѹٵѹ
䡭
ޱȼȴش˳һֻ׳̶ȵľ޴ݻǵϿճˣ
֮ܵҶҲ¶һĨЦ⣺
ԣƺʼˣ


095 
ǡʲô
ǵصķݣе˶ʼվͷۿ˾޴ķвҪ˵Ǽ˼˵Ķ٣˴ҶʵȻޱȵĺ档
滹ء
֪˭һʱһЩʵǰ޲ſǾ޴ķ澹Ȼˣ٣ţվţ̬߰ʮ˵ĳ̶ȣΪ׵ӣǵһλҲվš
ӵûκεı飬ƺǶ˵ּͺû˿ĸоһ㣬һ۷ľҶ챻յѧԺҶѧԺʦ˪ˡ
ˡ
˪Դ˷ܵ˵
˵ʵƺЩΪǿģΪЩ˶һЩʮ˾ʮµӣΪ׵һһֱ˫Ŀ֪˼ʲôеһ򿴵˪Ǽ֮΢Ĵų֮ɫ˵
ߣ˪һСС޲ŲʮѣȻҲܹ˵ļҶѧԺѪҺҲǲˡ˵β˰ɣߺߣѧԺеʮ֮࣬ѧԺеͷûУԺҶѧԺҿʧҲԶˡ
˵Ȼ˪᲻٣ȴʮİԵ˵Ҳ̱ĺܣ˴һ֮ǷŵһһŮ˷׷׵¶һĨŭ֮ɫ
еĿӿȥ²һĪ˲ıһֺøУȥ˿ûйϵ˼֮һеζֻ˫ĿǴһ޵Ĳ֮ɫȻһ򵥵ĽɫŮӵӴΧͶĽѵɫбԿĳ
ɫĳޱȵ٣һīһʱ˸˵Ĺʣޱȵ촽ɢա˵ĹͺӲԼʮµӣǷغѩɫļΪĶˡ
Ȼţһĳȴ޷ڸǽϵζ΢Уϵİ͹ɷˡ
ķϻ˿һϢʱٴ˲Ӹʿˮ
Ϊ˵ıΣ˵ľȴڸǲǾ˵ĵԣڳĲ˶ʼµķݿʼʲѣǿԵĻ²ٵӻһ»Ϊݶ󱻶Էϵĸо
ƺǹ۲쵽ǱŭӣѧԺĵʦ¶һ˿ɫ˵˵
ߣλںڵĻüѧԺøźǵġ
Լ濪ʼ˵ƣֱԼĴڰ˪϶ʱһ˿ŭϢ
ߣްս㻹ĴԲѰÿյѧԱһȴҲеף˵ѧԺѧԱɶǺٳֹ͵ģҿ㻹ǲҪӵܵĺá
һʱ˵ɫʼ仯˪ôѧԱǰָѧԺʹްսɫʱı
ߣ˪ˣһѧԺֻˣܹһûѧԺѪ޹ˣһѧԺ˲ٵǿߣǷгҳĶӳҲУСӵʱյ˿ɶǲѷɫΪ˿̿಻˵ҴĹ󷨡ǷǱѰѧԱİѾﵽʿƷĳ̶ȣǡ󷨡Ļа𣿡
⡶󷨡ȻǱѰ仰֮˪ɫ΢΢һ䡣
ߣˣδʱһж֮ˣ˪Сȥɡľͽ
һֱ۾յû˿˵
Ǵһ˪ްսȴ¶˼ɵɫ˪Ҳ漴ĵ˵ͷһֱûпڣһ˵ȴѹס˪ްսʱڳѧԱ¶˾㵵ɫǲǰ׳գȻܿıеԭ
ʵȥʮճͷӾȻΪǿġ
̷ǳ֪ӵϢ𣿡
ϵòŮӶߵ˵˱ҶѧԺյ֮ΪһѧԺֶǸеĵһ˵ܿıϤ˱˴ˡ
Ϊ̷ǳŮǴ֮ˣĻ֮󣬱һ˼̷ǳؿ˶Էһ֮˵
Ϊ٣Ǵһλ߼ޣʵ˽⵫ǴӸղŵĻ˵ʵ˪ʦްսҪǿ󡣡
ƺ˪ʦǸΪҶޱȵӰûҲԵȥǿû
Ȼ˵Ǻصļʣȴɵһ˿ˬɴ˿ɼԸһڸǵĺǿ
ǺǣҪ˵ģȻ˵Щ֣ʵϾ֪Ҷƺֻʮɣʱ򻹲ʮӣһСӶѣʦȵȥһҲǶԵģǱ䳤˲٣ȻҪһЩġ
˵̷ǳ˫ĿǴһ޷Ĳ֮ɫƺһ޷Ƶϰһ
ʱҶͽһдˣھϴռҵɱ¾֮ʮ޵꣬Ҷ֮ƺҲ˵һµ̨ףȻ˵֮ûʲôоҶȴж˳Լĸоȷġ
ѾоݵĴڣ˵ɿĳˡ
ףҸˡ
Ҷ쿴ɫޱȳصҶ˵
Ҷ˫ĿѾʼʪҶˣˮѾѸٵĻ䡣
סˣҶҿɾһӣҶѪĴУΣҪȥǿʤᣬҪģҪһĶӣ
ȻҶѾޱԱĳˣеճ̶ҲԽ˽ˣҶһεıνǾһѡִﵽǧ˵ĳ̶ȣеĶԱһЩǿżȻҶҲޱȵǿ󣬵ǿǿ֣˵Ҷеǿ
İɣףһúõģһúõػġ
Ҷᶨ˵ȴѾһָӼᶨؾ񡪡
ĳƺţҶԼӹٽĳƺķչãԼǿ󽫻ᵼԼӵлȥ˾ͽڣ˵ҶҪŬŬ
ܣⲻҪ˽𡣡
Ҷ˵ıѾ̲סıסҶ졣
֪ģҪǡ
ںҶ˵һ֮Ҷ㳯˾ͽǱȥĴս˵˵
ιúõչҽ㡣
˾ͽǱ¶˼ᶨ֮ɫ˵
İСӣɵøҺúõػŻ˵ˣǲĻⱲӿɾͲˣμĻġ
Ҷһ۶Է֮󣬲Ц˵
ٺ٣ԺɵúúõչҰҿĴء
˾ͽǱҲ¶ͬЦݣǹصЦݶʱ˸еռС˲١
ּˡ
ͻȻһЦҲ˳ֻ˪һЦݵĴӿлƮڼʱƺ΢΢һϵҲ漴ıȵؽٶȣƽȵĵ˵档
˪֮Ҷϲɵ¶һĨЦݵĹӭȥԴҶҴ֮ҶҲûյֲ̬ԽǿƵ֪˪ʵǷȴҲûһ˿Ĳ
ᣬҶٴεȺ֮ˣĻǰȥ
죬ĳʵǿ˰
Ҷһ֮˪ٴεĿҶ˲СԴϲ˵
ֻ˵ĽѣˮۣˣȻ˿ĵˡ
˪ĵ˵ͷָſеһֻ˵
ðɣϵˣݣǺǣǴƿ֮Ը˳൱ԿƣֻѧԺ˲ſԼԦˣش飬Ļʹá
Ǿ޴ޱȵķݣҶͽס૵
𣿲Ĵڰ


096 
һվˣڿҶĵ֮󣬻вٵѧԱ¶˲ˬɫ˶ʼ¶Ц̬Ҷ첻֪ԼȻ˾ͳΪ˲ĴڣǺ֪ܿԭ
ߣһСëӾȻҲֵݺķǧ·˷ʱ䰡
ȷʵ˷ʱ䣬ǺǸһȼŮҲͰˣһδɵСëӾȻҲʸСү൱Ĳ찡

֮ҶȴηĳȥȻ֪ϵʵΣҶȴĳ˵ļһҲǲŴﵽ߼ĳ̶ȣһЩƷߣֻмʿƷѡ
ǺǣҪǣЩ˵вٵǴһЩС߳ģ޵Դȱټƽﱻ軵ˣȻ˵԰ʵѡӡ
˪Ц˵
ҶЦ˵
֮ذǿߣȻĲҪȥֵ⣬ֱӵӵģ޵ʱ൱ıģҿɲ뽫ʱЩһϡ
ǻһ仰Ҷû˵
ҪҺ۸͹ĻҲǲñˡ
˪һʮ곯̷֮ǳĲɵ໥һۣȻѾεĹҶӣԵļ֮лΪ𾪣Ϊǰһ̫⣬̫ƽˡ
ģһδѵ̬һµĸӱĸ磬Ӻ㣬ȥͺһŮһ㣬ǶԷ˫ĿȻǺޱȵĵۣŮӵ۾ҲͰˣжȴֻȴû̫ɱ
˸оǣԷǾȻо޵Ϣһ˿ĲûУоϸһͨûʲô
ѵһѾﵽշĳ̶Ȳɣ
ȴܿĽ뷨ĴȥϾ뷨̫ĲˣǴʦĴҲûаսƵ̶ֳȡ
ȴ֪ҶĸѧϹŻĴ֮ʿµǿ湦ת
ȻҶеģκεһ˶֪ġ
ǵɫ仯޲˪ҲƣֻǰԵЦ
˵ӵĿȴЦֹΪЩ˵һ˸صĴۣҶ˶ǱӰˡ
Ҫ˵˼ԼûмҶǿֲһ棬Ҳ˵ıҶɻȥģǿȥȴųδ֪ǿ
ǸС𣿹˪Բ𣿾ȻһСӻµĶûκεһոѧĲ㾹ȻҲ˵עء
ްս¶˷Цݵķ̵
ʵ;ȻĲῴۣȻ˪ԵĲ᷸ȵͼĴ󣬵ܹҶѧԺǴ˪˵һܡ
˪û˵һֱ˫ĿһĶȴȻһ˫۾ƽ޲ĺˮһ˫ĿʱȻֲ⡣
Ҷɫ΢΢һ䣬˫Ŀ΢΢Եޱȵⶾ˫Ŀһ˲䣬Ȼıоһִδйѹ֣һַ·һֲѹָС
ѸٵıŷתĵֿŶԷѹϺë˵
ص˵ı仯Ȼû˵ע⣬ֻ˪оҶһ˿Ƕ˫ĿҪ̲ס˵˭֪ҶȴȻĳһ
㡭ܺãǳãСӣҿ㣡
һԼȳͬʯƾ죬ƽ֮ˮ˲ҳʯһ㣬Сȴ˪ްս
˵û֪ȻǱĿǴⶾٵĻȴ뵽еԭ
һ򶼲ô˵ĶٲĿڣҶҶۻ֮ߣеԭ򼴱ƨȥҲóġ
⡭СӾһôܣ
ްսȻҲ֪ǰҶܺܲȴû뵽˵ĲܹӮöٵĳޣֱǺѾǿڲˡ
͡
һâݺݵضްս˵
㡪𣿡
ʱĶٿɲǶҶôİݣޱȵǿ󣬼ֱǳ𣬴Ƭƶ䱻Ľ顣
ܵԼ·Ǳĵиһ㣬Ƥ϶ʼ˵Ѫ㣬ްս϶ʱ¶ޱȻֵ̿ɫ
󡭡ˣҲǸ˼
ߣСӣҵߡ
ĵ˶Էһ֮󣬲ŶҶ컺˵ǱϾȻ¶һ˿δйصЦݡ
ǼһȻЦˣ
˼鰡
̷ǳ˫Ŀͫ׾ҵһֱΪǲЦļһȻ̱ޱȵļ¶һ˿Цݣ
ǻǵ͹Сһĳ̶Ȱ
̷ǳЩɬ˵
ǵģȷʵǵ͹ˣѧԺ˵Ҳһ£𣿡
İο
ȷʵˣܹްսԱӣоǺܲ㿴˪ʦ϶ųˡ
̷ǳѵõĿЦ
ȵҶ˶Է֮󣬶΢΢ƣһľʱڿе
Ҷ˫Ŀ˾˵Ĺâϵع۲ŶԷƣԪı仯Լֵ̬Լ˵ƺҪ׼úܡ
ƺǸܵҶĿ⣬Ҳûֹֻ˫Ŀȴһ˿͡
䡭
ٴεĳ֣ȻչԼĳſлطȥһǿɿչٶȶʱļ
ûнӴȸߵҶϲɵ΢ĶǺ£Ϊ棬ƺ޷ơ
ᵤХС
ǧֵĿھӶٵ˵˳ҶҲûȥ˵ֻǽھεؼаԵ
ٵƻذ˶Էϣ֤˶Էܹȵ棬һھһСֻ֮ڿԼ壬ڼԦڷŲСá
ౡ
һͻȻĴҶĻﴫ˳ֻСͷԵ̽ԼӣΧ仯Ȼ˿Ĳ£ֻǲ֪óһö޵ĵݺݵҧ
ޱȵζٵ˫Ŀжʼ¶һ˿˿档
ǾʱɫȻһ䣬ݺݵضҶ죬ϾȻ¶޷Ƶľ֮ɫ
ԼڸҶĿھҶѾˣȻھ㳤Ҳֵ£ǻ϶һСʱʱϣҰյʱſԼԦ졣
Ŷ೤ʱ䣿ʮӣûаɣ
ҶȴѾʼȻ棬Ȼ̬ڸŶ٣ѾһھѾʼˡ
һǸŰ
ѵõͬʱҲԵĳ
6ˣˬ绹УϲʹĶɡ


097 ӥϮ
׳еģǽԴΪҶ첻һСѣЩ޿ɶżĴڣ˼Ҷ쿴ȥһǿĴڣȴǻỳɣⶾٶҶ̬ȣֶСɼһֹذνǼʲѰںܼӵĸҶĶء
ûУ
̲ס˵һΪֵĹעĳ˶ڳĲٰ׳տʼʲѡ
ղŻҡΣǶȻǽھڸֿھֻһֻĿھѧԺжѧǸ߼ԺеĻ֪ʶˣҵʵڡѧϰСյʱյģ滹Ӧ˺ܳʱ䡣
̷ǳԽĿɬ˵
ĵ˵ͷ
ҵʱ࣬ҸղŹ۲ˣһ֮󣬽ǶٵĽϰȻٵƿأȫûгһյʱ䣬̶Էƺδʹȫɡ
˵֮˵
һ㣡
ʲô
̷ǳǺУ̲סĿһҶ컳Сף૵ĵ
ֻĺܿɰ
̷ǳ
СƺǳԱˣ˺ܿıĶӣҶ˸ĵط۾һվȻ˯ˡ
Ǻǣֻƺޡ
ٵЦ
ǵĴˣǵһɭʱֵġ
ȻⶾٲԴǣںҶ콻һ֮󣬳аԵĸ˲֮ûȥѯʣֻǽ˫ĿıպƺڱĿ
ʱҲڽ˱Ŀʱ򣬱ϾĲ֮ϣǿ쭷ޱȵعζţʼʱһܻ˵ĳסʱ䳤֮󣬱оԽƣ
Ͼ̫ʱתĹ˵ʦڵһھ֮⣬滹ҪֿסеǿҲҪģ˫ȻĴﵽ˶塣
ʿĴ˵Щ谭ǿǿӦЩ߼Ĵڿɾûôõˡ
Ǹһһڱ壬ûεܸɵֿסôǿġ
һһԹ֮ɫҶ죬Ӻ޲ýҶɱһ㡣
Щ׳գ
ôԵĳҶȻǸоĳȻӣҲЩˬ
֮ҪкģҪжģΪⲿ󣬲Ϊκεѹ
Ǳ˫ĿⶾƺҲԸоõҶĶﵭ˵
ǣ
ϾΪԼãҶ컹ǻٴα˫Ŀ߿ȻлҲкôǱеԪȽ׾ۼҶ֪Լı̶̬ȣ˵ֻСĵĿ߶ûȥֵա
ӴҲڳĬлллضȹ˺ܳʱ䣬ʱ΢΢ĳ˪˵ͷ
˪漴˵
λѧԱעˣܿǼ֮ȵΧ֮أλԼϵıװãû˱Ǽεĸ߹󣬵ȴɵ޷õϣҵؼ֤֮ݣ˸λʱ׼
ǣʲô
ʱһžŵļȻĴ˳һŮӵΪŮӲ࣬˴ʱܵ˴ҵע⡣
ֻǰǽǧ׵ĵطһڵЩﲻϵطһֲ֮󼴱Ǹǧ׵ľɿԽԽȻٶҲﵽһ˿ֲĵز
Щͺ˪ްսɫ
ʲô
Ҷ쿴˪ɫ΢ӣҲɵ˺ɫ
ӥ䣬ӥ䡭һޱȿµĴڣһֳͶ࣬ǳȴǺӥһ㣬ٶȼ죬ǿϲʳеķݣϵﶼԲʳޱȵǿ󣬶ٶȿ첻ɱԼҪСһ㡣
˪һ˵
Ҷĵ˵ͷжӥ֮ȴʼԵļС
̫ĵģССӥ䣬ǰ
ѵõĽ͵
˵Ķٵ˫ĿҲѾˣʱҲ໥Ħ
޴ޱȵĿʵ̫ˣҲѹֻӥע⡣
ǿע˫Ŀ֮Ҷ㿴˶Էӡ
СԼĴ̶ָȣҳռϵ֮ķΧβǹεӣɫһļ״ȷʵ൱أɫԵЩغͺˡ
ǼӵʱѣЩӥѾݣǾ޴ޱȵݣڼӥ̲֮סķһȻǶЩСҲ൱ļɵ
Ƶĳ̶ȿȥѹѹһƬͬһƬһգȷʵǿֲ׳ۡ
ߣҹ
ڶԷݵ˲䣬ⶾٵ˵Ħ˫Ȼǰһƣ˲һɫľ·һ޴ɫһޱȵݵת
֣

ֲޱȵɫ߾ѸٵĽӥȥȻǶٵľдһֲֿĶԣǿӥ侹Ȼ˲ı˶еϿٵıǿе
֪ȤС
ٵЦ
ֻЩӥڱ֮ľȻû˷ݣѸٵĿʼ˷λܵ˶ĵطͼʼ˺ҧݡ
Ҷ첻ɵٴο˶٣ֻԷ˫ּĦ£ɫĶȻȻ׳֣ٶȷı仯˵ղŵٶֻǴﵽ˱ܵĳ̶ȣڱǽˡ
һɿתӥ俪ʼ׷׵ĴӿûκεһֻӥĿƷΧ
ǿߣǿߣԵöбö޷ĵֿⶾٵʵѾǴʦĳ̶ˡ
Ҷ˫Ŀڵ˸


098 ټ
ÿֲĶԣðԵĹһʵ̫ˡ
ڳ˷׷׵ðһ뷨ϵıг˾ηʵʲôط¶ǿ˲š
ʺʵϺŬȫĿԴﵽǳҵΣСŬɡ
Ҷ죬ٵ˵
˶ٵĻ֮Ҷ˫ĿⱩȴ϶ԷĻȷʵⶾٵʵǿ󣬿ֲҲǴʦ壬һֻĲΣڳ˵ȷʵǿޱȣǶҶ˵ǲԶԶĲʵһҪȥѩŮ˵Ҷ˵̫ˡ
ʱ֮ҪĿȷʵҲˣһҪҵһҪҵ
ӥ𽥵ĿʼˣҵϢҲȻĿʼعЩν֮ὫС·ϣֻǶʱĸı䣬ȵΣս֮ԭĻһӵȴٴε¶˸߰Ĺâ
ˣ
ٵ˵΢΢İݵ棬ҲʲôĶݷ·ͨһ䵽˵ϡ
Ƿ֮ȵ棬һҪһЩ˵׼Լıͺáǽֹ򶷵ģһĴʵ൱Ͽɵģ㻹ҪסˣҪ׵ʹԼĻ൱鷳ġ
ٶҶ˵
л˵ָ㣬׵ġ
΢΢ĵ˵ͷٿݷ
ʱǷ֮ȵΧѾۼ˴ޣ֮֮ҲСǵЩ˾ۼһ֮ȴԵЩСһЩ
޴󲿷ֶһЩˣʮ߰˾굽ʮӲȣֻҶֻʮ̶ȵĻǺ٣ҶûпȻҿҶϴһֳζֻҪǿϸĹ۲컹治ôԡ
ݵ棬е϶¶һĨڸǵľ㵺֮ɫ
ʵ̫ˣǧƵѵõľۼһֳ˵ĺƴ󣬵ȴҲҵаԵ
ϾܹȻ߰ȴҲǰ׳գҺеһ֮֮ǱһޱȵɱˣһǲҪеκκɱ
ÿˣˣʮ˵ľۼһ𣬶Ҷһλʦ죬ȻڲͬѧԺѧԱ֮ⶾٱ㿪ʼ뿪ȻҪϵĸ໥Ļ㱨һ
ЩѧԱǷɿʱһλλĵʦҲʼѰԼѧԱЩ߼ѧԱɫѾʼ仯ֻϵʿѧԱ࣬ǵʵҲԷǿ˵һ·϶ޱȵĸ߰Ӿǿ˭ˬ˭С˶ѧԱһӾۼһ֮״ıˡ
ʿѧԱҲǶǵ͵ĴڣԵϵֲֿƺͰŵȼֵϢ֮߼ѧԱǱ˵ı˺ܶࡣ
ʱҲڵ֪֮˼
Ҷ졭
Ҷ컹ڹ۲ʱһöͬһĶ˴ĶС
˽ԼҶ˳ʼȥʱˣòޣˣޱȵˣʱŮһЦĿҶ죬Ŀеɫûκεʺ͵⡣
ߵı̷ǳ
˵϶ûκεĸ߰Ϣ˺׵ıҶĺøСһԵ˪Ц˵
˱ѧԺһεĲˡ뿪һ¡
Ҷĵ˵ͷ
Ǻá
Ц˵
ҽǿԳƵǶˡ
̷ǳãҲû˵飬ΪǿˣڿĻȷʵ鴫˴εԿҶͬѧνе֮һˡ
ҶЦ˵
λǫˣǵʵ±СҪǿĶࡣ
ص׽ԹͽԵڱûжĳͻ˵ܿ໥Ϥ
죬Ǹأ
Ҷ¶֮ɫ˵
һ·ûٵȥСףŮӵԼС׵ĿɰɱȻĺǿ
Ŷһ˯أһƽʱԸ˯
ҶЦ˵Ĵͳҡβʹݺ˯СףƺǸоԼЩ⣬˶ԷٴεľβͿٵ˳ҶޱȵļҶ·У⶯Ĵ̶ȿɼѾǵһθˡ
𣿡
һʵ
ǰɡ
ҶҲС׵ʵݡ
˵ŵʱͻȻһĺâȻĴҶıݺݵش˹ûκεʵʣȴҶһ־裬˲Ҷ۾ɿѭԼĸо˹ȥ
һһ˫ޱȵڶԼȻǶҶǿҵĲͺ⡣
ڿһ֮ҶȴȻˣΪԼ˾ͽԹĳꡣ
ôˣ
ƺǸоҶ̫ԾŮϸɵúʵ
ûУֻǿһ˶ѡ
ҶЦ˵
ߣҶ죬㲻ңһǵΪҵһѾܾˣʱҷΪľܹһεıɱ㡣
Ҷ첻ɵ΢΢̾ϢһΪⳣܹЩԵģڿĻԷĿ޷Ƶˡ
Һڴ
Ҷ쵭˵ԷʵʿƷԼһҶȴаڶʱ֮ڽתĺõĻһɱĳ̶ȡ
⵹Ҷ԰ȫΪʱеʿǿʵǲҪ˵Ʒ̶ȣƷĲҲں
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ʱһޱȵش˳Ҳ˵֮Ҷ첻ɵİԸ̾ѣνһ˲һţ˲Ǳ˾Ȼĵʦްս
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ްս֮Ҳ¶һ˿ηϹ
ߣԭǰ˪أѵ˵оԼѧԺѾûϣǰ𣿡
Ȼ֪һƣҶ컹Ǹоһ˿ŭ⣬Ͼ˪ԼһֱΪչˡ
ްս˪֮ìܣҶ첢֪ιԼĵʦɲҶܵˣ˵
ߣ˭ܻһء
仰֮ߵ̷ǳϲɵ¶˾֮ɫȻǶްսҲ񣬵ǱϾǿΪްսʵȫĲڵǿȥǵģҲֻǽеŭѹȴû뵽ҶĵӾȻ˵Ĵ˵û˿顣
ʵ֮Ҷ˵Ĵ󵨣ȫΪ˶˵Ļܵ˴ĸƿصģ֮Χɶ䣬û൱ء
СôĵӣȻƵʦϣ
ްս㲻ʲôؿ֮ˣټϱҶ쵱ô˵˵ֱӶײɫȻǱ൱ѿ
ߣ˺֮˵ˣʦϣֲҵĵʦΪʲôҪ㣿
Ҷ˫Ŀ΢΢˵ĿޱȵĳԶЩʦʵҪģΪԼʦԼʵԵĿһǧҪΪʦǲʱϵƶѣҵ֮˲һޱȿµĳ̶ȡ
ֵԭҶȻȥضԷ


099 
˫Ŀ΢΢ްսڵķβҪըˣΧĵʦѧԱҲʼоҶ켸֮ղǺܺã˷׷׵ĲĿѡ
ɲͬڵǽһҶȻ˵ųҪԷɱֵĻǼֱһĪ£˵ڵڴ
ߺߣСңϷһᣬԼգûݹϷˡ
Ҷ¶ЦЦɫŶԷԷҪֵĻͳˣĸ̫ˣҴǿǲʱ߶һЩްս϶Ҳ֪ģҲΪʲôֵԭˡ
Ǹߣްս㻹ǿԼƽıˣϣ֪νΪʲôҪǸƾʲô
һҶ£УձΪغǿһǼĶԵֿԷиοЩʦĴڡ
ǶԷĲҪֵĻҶҲаƴʦ͸λֵ
裡Թ裡
ްսɫⶼʼĳ鴤ͶΪԼҶһ̨£ԷҲҪʶȤ㣬ֻҪԼǸ֮Լˡ
ҲǰõļˣˣǰЩȻ㲻϶֮ȴҲǿӲҶ첻һ½Ϊֹδ¹˭ɵѹƣΪȻǸǲܵġ
ʦ˰ɣҶǿĺܣһֱԿ˵ѧһ֮֮Ϊʦѵġ
ƺǹĵ˵̬Լ˵ĻɲһȰ˼Ļްսеֲˬ
Ȼްս˳Ļ֮󣬶ʱŭʢ
ߣʲôֵÿģС޶ȥˣϷվҪļһﵽʲôʱĿ񣡡
˵ްս·ϾȻɪɪĿʼһֲľʼϵҲȻ
ֲѸٵĵӣΧĿռжʼ
ܵǿ̷ֲ֮ǳɫʱһ䣬ΪҲʼѹ˹
޵ʦѵ˵Ľǲ׼ġ
̷ǳĺͼΧǿߵע⡣
ߣϷѵ˵ҪЩСĽѵɣȲ֪СϷǲѵһµĻǻ÷ˡ
˵ϵѾʼͬһɽһѹ
ҶȻԵޱȵӣȴޱȵľԷʵǴʦĴڣһǿɫĿʼ仯
֮λ޴ʣҪԸһѧԱǾܵ˵ͺãαص˵һЩ
ͽȻϵѹȻٴްսƺѾģѾʼϵ·

ްսϷס֣
ŭȻĴӰѸٵĴԶ
ޱȵƷްս׵ķˣҶԼƿȥԽĲмȻްսǽһƺͷŭ˵ŭ֮û˵֣ͣǱȼеǿŭϵǽһѸͰ
ްս𣿡
һһͿֲĺͬǲһĴǰǿŭްսĶ֮󣬷·ըһĿʼĶըˡ
ܵǿֲŭ֮ްսɫʱһ䣬ϵƺҪջȥȴѾ
١˪Լʮλɫ׵ӷŭޱȵĴԶɱ
ⶾ٣Ҷӡ൱ĺãҶ̸ϻԡԼ϶ͣû뵽ʱѣްսȻѾŶԷˣ
һʦһѧԱ֣ҲһѧԺģеζɾ͸һʦκεɣǷ֮ȵΧܵ˴ϸƿصģϸĹ涨˲׼ﶯ
ްսΪʲôľƴϰ
ްսʱѾ΢΢˹ڿҶǳЦݺ͵ɫ֮ŭٴεĴѹֵ˱
쵰һѧԱѣҼǶΡ
뵽֮ްսٴεԺľٶֻɿľֺݺݵسҶϴ˹ȥ
˶Էľٶ֮ҶüëԽްսˣǴ˺˪ѾҪˣһﾹȻҶ֣⵨Ĳһ˿ӵеġ

ŭͻȻĴһɫĹâȻĳ֣ްս޷ŵɫӰ֮Ѹٵĳһޱȵȭͷ

ڳǾֵжٵ建һȭıͼٵĦ֮ްս屻Ĵɳȥ׵ľ롣
ۡ
ڰеްսûн䵽ѪȴѾ޷Ƶ˳еǿҲ˵ûͣЪļӡ
䡭䣡
޴ĺڵĦֻްս徹Ȼ·ǱܵٴεĴһڵϷޱȵĦѪ˵һء
ܣ
һٴεĳ֣һλӺްսżƵӷɿĳ֣Ѹٵĳްսߡ
ÿٶȡ
ˣҶаԵ뵽˵Ҳһ˿жϡ
ȻްսǿеԼ˫Ŀ¶޷ŭɫ˽е
硭ҵĵˣ
ˣ
һ֮ڳ޲ޱȵĿҶ졢Լްսˡ
ˣ
޼Ҵǽһ߰¶һ޷Ƶ֮ɫ
٣
Ѿ˻еްս޼ҴּޱȵڶԷϵ˼֮㻺վϵƱްսǿ˺ֹʮ֮ࡣ
ߣ֮أκεһ˼࣬ӻҲҪõϸĳͷѵ˵㻹ҪԲɣ
һССѧԱΪһССѧԱַҵĶܣ٣úݶ
ٵ˵
ҿûгɱѾ൱ѵˡ
ҶѾˣӦҲѧԺĵʦֻʵȴްսҪǿĶ࣬ӿĻǶƺҲԶ
ô㻹Ҷֲɣ
ʱĶٵѾ¶ɫĻ֮ȻĻӶһ³䡣
ϡ
ʱʮɫ׵Ƿ׷׵ĴóԼı
Щɫ֮ˣϲɵ¶һ˿ɵ
ߣ٣㾹ȻѹңܺãݣǲҪˣҪǸСһʱȴ˶Էһ
еˣϷס֣
ͻȻһͬˮһޱȵĴȴһֳ޷ĿֲϢڳ˲ջԼı
Ȼǿߵˣ
˪һ֮ɫ˵
䡭
ƺӳ˪Ļһ޷ȻĿʼѹǷ·߽һѹ಻Ĵ


100 ڷ֮
ȻδˣǸоǿֲ֮еȴһ޷ܵѹ
ν
߿ɼԦߣǸ߹ĳνǿĳν
ܹ߳ƺŵֻһ֮޲ǿϢͱ˵ڡ
û뵽λҲһζԵıѾİ˼ˡ
жٵﵭ˵Ҳ֪ﻹڳҶ͡
Ʊձ˵ҪǿĶ࣬ҲǴձ»ûдﵽʵҵĿ겻ӦֻǷձϣѩŮʵ˵ǿڵĳ̶ȸ޷ǿ󣬻Ҫӵǿ󡣡
Ҷ˫ֽһձɵĲѹĻһ裬һ޷衣
ߣ涨ˣҪܵĻҪԼ汾£Լĵʦǽʲô£ث֣٣ĺܶԣ˭ǲĻܵұǺϲ˽һ
Ȼûеյ˵˵Ĳٳֻ˭
ˣҵܵڵĵѾˣ˴ȱ
Ľе۾ȴҶ¶Թɫ
ߣĵǲȻѾ͵൱ˣΥϳͲްս̫ĶϷҪһϵģ¼Ҳûа취ġ
ٵﵭ˵ֺϢȴҶޱȵ֮ͣ˵ϣ赱ˣҶȴӵԷȫΪԼͷ
Ȼĺߵ
ѾˣǷ˵Ľ޷ˣǱҲûκεİ취ǿߣû˭Ҳ޷Ҿȡ֮ˣߣֿԶѡ
⻰˵Ҷǽһˬʱĳꡢɫǽһడⳣ꣬Ҫߣްսֲǰ׳գܿı뵽ԼеԵޱŭֵģǱ֪еԵɵĻԼԵĻᱻġ
ܡ磬һΪ㱨ģ
˵ƺѾˣһȴްսĺϣ΢΢һ¡
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ڳϲУҶ޷ŵıУްս΢΢Ĳ˼֮ӻ
ˣȻɱԼ׵ܵܡ
ߣ޼ҹȻѪ֮һжΪģֻҪûκε;Ӷԥ
˪ɫÿ˵
Ȼһ־磬Ľ´Ҳ֪еԵɺ͹̣Ҷֹ°ͲõľģǶԴ˲ûԽ
ߣеѧԺעˣеѧԺű֮Уеĵʦֻڴ˵Ⱥʱµʱ䣬õĻ˱ǱԵɾ֮ԽӼڿʼڹУҴ˺󲻶ʱĽӡ
̶̵仰֮ڳѧԱǶʼоԼѪɵ÷
˭ǿǴĵƿޱȾ޴ȨơλͲƸĵһˣǱԷӼĻǼֱһˣνļӹٽڻˡ
Сĵ㣬Сӿһֱڿء
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Ҷ쿴һ۳ĵ˵ͷ
ڵʦǵеѧԱǿʼؽ뵽˷֮С
Ϊ֮ǽĻٲ˵ģǺܿҶ֪Լ뷨ǶôĴ
ڽ˷֮ȵ˲䣬ûһǿޱȵ쭷ٵĳΧ쭷ǿͣ޷谭Ҷ컹δĳɹѱ㱻ľ˳ȥ
Ѫ̤죡
Ҷͺȵ
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ͻУҶѸٵͬһĨըһݺݵڵըˣȴû˿˺
Ѫ̤챾һڿ֮˵ҶȽϵĺûܵӰ죬Ųʾ˱ûκε˺
ԵǷ֮ȵĵһأ쭷磬һ޷ƴ׵ĸ߿еĻҲǰˡ
Ҷɫʱ򲢲á
ԭǺڰһ㣬һŨޱȵĺɫ쭷磬֮ٶ֮ȫĽ˵ĵס
ҶʵҲǿޱȵĿԲһķΧ
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Ǻɫ쭷磬˵ĺڰεȥѰοǸ·ѰҲ
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ٴεðȴеΪ֮һյʱȻҲܳǶڴ˵һǿԽܵʱ䡣
ĺɫ쭷ƺһֶص
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Ҷһ㶣ǷɿĿʼתת
ȻĹתѸٵĳһޱȵĸо
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ǾʱһǿҵΣȻĳ֣оȻȻĳһ˺ѷεʹǾޱȵʹҶ̲סʹĵ˵ϡ
ôܣû°ɣ
״ȻǳӵҲ̲סľ˳
ʦо̫ʹˡ
ҽ̲סĴҶ˳ʹޱȵаǿޱȵ
ڷ֮棡
λʦɫΪ֮ݺݵһ䣬˪Ҳû⡣
ˣ浽ʲôΪʲôִĲҽ
ԣЦ˵
ڽ˷֮֮󣬵һرǺɫ쭷磬һޱȵĴڣɫ쭷ٶȿ죬Χ㣬ȴҲһֿµǲȥյĻǻû£һ˻ֻһ
˵ʱٵôδйأ
ʹ޷Ƶľʹ㿹ס˵Ļ֮ǿסĻֻҳΪѶģĿһЩ޷ܾʹѧԱ˶ϵĽɡ
˵вҶ죬׷׵Ҷ첻Ҫȥкɫ쭷
ȴ֪ʱҶѾڵʹ޷
ʹ࣡
ҶϢ𽥵Ŀʼ΢ʶҲ˵ģѣ
Ҫ𣿡
Ҷ˫ĿʼɢǾʱһǿҵĲȴȻĴĵб˳ʹĺУҶ˫ĿȻµĹâ
ҲҪԣתее̲ƷҲκβССĺɫ쭷硣
ǿĳ֮ҶҲǿеǿֲľʹһĿʼߣѸޱȵĿʼΧ쭷硣
תٶȼκεһ޷ȥģ˵ܿҶΧѸٵĳһ޴ޱȵĺɫС


101 ʿƷ۷ɣ
˺ѣ
һ˺ѸУĿʼɫ쭷֮ǿޱȵ˺ѸҶıѾϵľʹˣѾʼչ
ڵҶоԼΪĵطͬǱǧĦһ㣬͵Ħޱ
ڶ˵ģһȥѰģ
Ҷ˫Ŀ΢΢ѾԼԿƵĶˣڵѾʼɢ
һ޴ĺɫ޼뻺ҶϰΧתǿճ׵Ҷľʼ˱ıԵ޶ȵģڵҶѾʼ𽥵Ľ޵״̬
죬˯ǧ˯˯Ѳˡ
оҶϢ𽥵Ŀʼɢӵ̲סĴʵǿԳֵĻȫĿԽҶֹסˣǺɫ쭷оȻһޱȹصһ־Ȼȫ赲סԼĽ
ڵӼֱһ޴ļУ޷ֻζŭĿҶ𽥵س˯ȴ֪һ˯Ǳ
ҶҸۡ
Ҷ໢һĿʼ㱨Ҷ״ȴһֲ״̬ӡ

໢̲סĽе
ҶȻľѣЦѵ˵
໢˵ˣ
໢ε˵
㻹Ϣһµĺãľһ֪ǺܺãȻһֺƣ״̬ˣǲúϢĻôо鰡
ҶЦѵ˵
֪ΪʲôǸоһֲԤУƺҪʲô鰡
໢Ц˵
ڵɣŵڶأʵԣѵ˵Ϊʲôѵס𣿼ԦƥֱĽܼңĻٵһʮȺԱռɱһ㲻ʣɲѰ˿԰õģҿ̫ĵˡ
˵Ҷȴһ˿صĲʼ˽
ɫȥô̫ð
Ҷĵ˵
ǵǸСһҶ˵ҶкĸˣһﻬͷĺܣȻ˵ԱΣеģŵڶ죬ڶζűոտʼأǵġ
ŵ˾ͽǱεĿЦ
ߣʲôлͷǿҵܵܡ
Ҷ᲻С˵
úúãһͷһͷ˰ɡ
˾ͽǱڼĿЦֻǿҶһ˿Ц⣬ȴо൱ֵãҶϷӣϲ¶һĨЦ⡣
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յĲȻĿʼ
䡭
һֲҲ˵쳹ڲڣѹָз·ֻһ㿪ʼѸٵб
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ҶҸۡ˳
ҶҶ˵಻һ˵Ĳ
еıӡȻһˣ
Ҳʱһ޷Ƶĸоʼ˵зָоͷ·ԼľҪ˺һ㣬ĲȻĳ֣һЦӰȴʱ˵𽥵ʧɢ
ԤѸٵĳ˵ġ
죬ˣ
Ůϵıޱȵı
һ޴ĹУһλʮ˾Ůڽؼı֮޷ƵıһǿÿһεɶѸٵŮϲϵı仯
⹬Χѩɫıѩĺޱȵǿҵ˺ſռ䷢˵ĺХ
ҶĻһᾪϲĽгΪŮӲǱѰҵİ֮˾ͽڡ
Զձһ֮ɫĶ˾ͽڣҲɵ¶˸֮̾ɫ
Ȼ̫尡ŶðȻѾﵽ߼ĳ̶ˣٶҲ̫ǿ˵ɣû̶ȡ
ȴû˿ļ֮⡣
ʵȻԿóܿ˾ͽڱͻƵʿĳ̶ȵġ
ͻȻʱؼıȻһɬں֮е˾ͽ޷ƵĲ
͡
Բһޱȵĸо˾ͽڵвϵؼϵѹ֣ԤУҶֲԤвϵӡ
죡
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ѾֻʣһڴϢҶȻ˫ĿֲޱȵɫâѸٵĳ֣ȻĳһĨ⣬̺Ĺâ
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󲽵ǰÿһ˵һ֣ϵϢҲʼ׳һ֡
Ѿû˿ϣͻȻоϢ¶˷ĿЦ⣬Ȼ֪Ҷ쵽׷ʲôȴ֪һҶϢڻתҲԵˡ
𣡣
һֲޱȵȻĳҶУɫĹâѸٵĲǿҶ˫Ŀ𽥵Ŀʼ
ŵֲӰϵתϡпԿʱһֻžֻ׵ľ
ɺɫɢǿޱȵϢһַ·بŴڵĿֲϢӻȴޱȵǿʢҶĲϵؼӿ죬ڵڲ֪˶ٲ֮Ҷ쿴ǰĴڡ
޴ޱȣԳǧ׵ĳȣŸ޴ףɺɫֲۣϢƬǾ޴ޱȵɼ
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ǾʱǾ޴ޱȵͻȻĳҶ˾ŵ޴Ϣ󻺻ػ˿ֲ˲Ҷ꾹Ȼٵַ·ʵһĸоҶвϵ
㡭
ûеȵҶ˵꣬ͻȻǰȴȻһڣһϤĽȴҶУ̶ѣĸоϵؿҲǳ˼Ӷѡ
ˡ
ౡ
ӵС׵ҶĶ֣߳ʱСƺЩƣڿҶ֮󣬻Ľ˼֮˳˯Уֻȴûκε˷֣ɫС׵ĺ𽥵ĵõա
ʦôˣ
ҶЩ׽˵
ˣ쭷е޷ն˻УڿĻ쭷ȴ㲻Сĺô
Ц˵ҶŷԼϢȻٴεڴ̶Ҳޱȵǿԭǿ屶ࡣ
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ҶĽҲ¶˾ϲӵɫָ΢Уĺɫ쭷ʼҶУһȴûоκεĲʣ෴ǣԽԽľҲϵ̲Լ塣
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106 
ħ֮ħ˼պ޺һ̳ħ֮һĵͳ
ߣЦĹͼʬĹħļ̳֮һպʲôѾ˵ĺѪħһдļһǻԵɺµõѪħ֮ѪôΪѪħļ̳أҺܿʬĹħûǣҲΪʲôպҪαӮȡ֮ˣҪڴһεԼħ־Զ󰡡
ȻĹͼպ޸Ĳмһˡ
ҶЦֹ˵
Ȼ˵ĻΪʲôҪԣҿɲһڳȲεĴڡ
ĹͼϹȻ¶һĨм
ߣꣿǸСȷʵǺ˵ʲôأҵĿҲȡĳƺţȻһȻֵУɱұӵöɫˣ⵹ʡ˲СȻõ֮󣬳ҲɣȻƭңҵǹʹܺðܺá
ԭ˰Ϊɫ䣬֪ⳣ굽˶ٵɱң˵֪ģǿжһöɫģģһǲˡ
ĹͼЦ
СӣҪ÷ˣеԵɵģңκε˵ûκεõģϾһҪļһ̫˶ûʲôô
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Ѫĳ֣һХȻıʱΧѾһӣĹͼӰȴһֱδ֣ҶȴûκεĵǺ٣ԽĿ񱩲ѡ
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ߣҶ죬С㡣
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ڿĹͼ֮Ҷ˫Ŀȴ¶һ˿ȵɫֻʱĹͼϾȻʼѿˣĶȫɼļҲ˵¶˳
һɳʯϵشϵ䣬ӾƤһ㡣
Сײϵط౵ķŭȻǶڶԷԼ˯߶൱ĲȴҶϸҪ·С
ղŵһνҶ쿪ʼֵľǺķ˲ٵĽȻû˵һҪǴӶԷһɳʯԼĽƺǴһɳʯ档
ҵġЧ֮԰ҵֿסĽҶ죬һС㰡ǵһϵĴ֮ˡ
ˣĹͼȴޱȵ𾪣֮ǡ൱ǿһֶˣħΪصһڣĹһй󲿷ֶڷ棬Ҳ˵һεɳɳȴٻ˿Դơ
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Դ˵ʱҶҲѾעõνġˣĹͼ˻ǱӸˣħ֮ĽթһζС˵ϵĶνǲﶼŵԼϣǡȷʵǱڻ
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˹صȷʵޱȵľŵģʱҶɲȥشģٴεĶ߲
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ŭٴεĳ֣ҶʱͻȻоԼ徹ȻʼɿĶ³µĵоȻðһ޴ޱȵУҶĶоȻԽľ޴еĳĿֻһɵҶ졣
ۡҶ죬ȥɡ
һԵĹͼ¶ޱɫѪ磬Ȼһ߽ķѵʹ۶൱֮ġ
ǾһĨµĲȻĴҶеϳˣûκεĳɣǿֲĺѸٵıԺ󣬵ϵоȻӷɿֹͣˣֹͣǱıסˡ
ҵʲôΪʲôϵı֮ʼɵˣҶ죬ס֡ס֣
ֲֿ֮֮ܵĹͼڵ¶˾ֵɫʱҶȴôܸԷᡣ
ȻıŷǿעУҲɿķҶ챾˺ͶԷҲ˵ĿʼһεĽн


107 
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û˿ڶԷĲѸٵĨ֮һصԴߴĹͼϷ˼ҡ
ճԣĹͼʵȻûдﵽʿƷ۷ľ磬ƾšĹؾԵҲܵôô졣
Ĺͼǡ֮⣬ϻһأǱ׵ʱһöĹӣȻǾش컯ģǿ֮Ǿˡ
ǸʱĹͼСȻǲһģҾǿĸ֮Ĵ֮ҲȻĳΪһޱȵӣ˵ԺԵĹʵԵһǧ¾ǲڵҶ죬Ǵƽֻпܵģһǧ򲻸ãƫƫñʬĹħˣʬĹħڿ֮Ȼϲ˵ٵĽһΪ˵ӡ
һ쵽֮ĹͼҲѾΪʬĹħеļ̳֮һ
ĹͼҲ𽥵ķԼϵ쳣ϵԭӵԼľأöҲϣڵҵӵϢ
ѩһҪǧʱſԳ䡣ȥ֮˵ʵõֵķӺʹ˱ԵĹǺֹһǧﰡ
ڲһˣȻ˵ĹͼѾıˣġʲôһֽľˮеԵĹ
Լεǿ󣬵ǻĻˮԵһѣˮԺԵȻ㲻ˣȴҲ໥ںϡ
ӺˣĹͼгԵһǲѩһǡ
˵ĹͼںΪһĻǿ²Ҫ˵ʿƷ۷ˣʦƷ۷嶼⣬κ޷ӳںϵĳ̶ȡ
ҶصˮԵģĳ֣ȫ𼶵ĴڣĹͼеı֮ȻĿʼѡЧңЧҲĹͼеʼܿˣҶŻ׵ĽԷɱ
Ȼ̺ԭĹͼܹ΢Ĳ²һ֮⣬˼ǿ߹ѵȥġ
΢΢ĴӶԷһ֮ҶҵöɫһöɫʮöɫҶȻôϲҲʤޣȫĶ˽ȥȻɫҶǲ㽻ȥˣΪĲƺһصʣҶԺá
ԼڵҲ٣һöɫʮ֣ӵ⣬ٵĿɱ
ٴεһ֮Ҷϱ¶һ˿ĵɫ󻺻شӶԷõһɫ鱾
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ҲҶҪõģ󽫶Էʬ֮Ҷ㻺뿪
֮ȵжҶǲ֪ģôʱҶȴĶûмһֻޣҲ˵ʱԼڵĵط㲻Ƿ֮ȵֻ˵ǱԵмˡ
֮ȵɽȻ࣬ƾҶʵС׵ֶκܿĻҵһģСĵط
ֺǺǵҶɿ˽ȥȻطһĶѨҲСŰʮƽ׵ĳ̶ȣĻ൱أϾǰһƬïܵĲ֣ǲȥϸ۲ѰҵĻҵġ
ڤóһ޴ͭҶٽһˮ˹Ҷ͹۲ˣûʲôˣڶ֮ȵȥ˵Ҷǲȥʲôˣڵֻ뿴һ⡶ͨȤһöɫѾУֻҪõ˴󲿷ֵɫҲûˡ
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Ҫڡ׳ԼΪܹõȡɫⳣ겻֪˶ٵɱԼһεĹͼʵԼΪԵɺϵĻɱԷĵ÷һЩ
˵಻ѹ⡶ĻҶԼʵһٴεٵġ
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ЩӲıеһֶصʳðյ˵ѡ֮ӲҲ׸ãֻҪˮ֮þ
ٴεĽˮз˵ĵϣȻȼľзŽȥ˴Ƭɡ
ЩϺõɣ൱ζΪؼĻǵϣⶼҶԼоġ
ܿһɴ˵һµĴóһ֮ҶݸѾͲסСס
ԼҲ˵Ĵ
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ٴεķⱾҶ۾ĿһΣνǿ൱ϸ⡶֮ҲҶ첻ɵΪ֮
νľ֮ԭһֶı˵ĳνǵ⡶ȴˣԭ⡶ȻҲһ־֮ʼĹ
ĽرҪвܹκεһֹбһ˿Ԫ֮Ԫ֮ԼϵľѪһĴڡ
һʧҪʱĲ䣬ȥĹҪһ˿Ԫֻܹ֮ڱ޽ԼԪ֮עԷС
˵൱Ŀ̺ϸģֹҶ˵ǲģšת֮ҶȥκεһֹҲҪ໥ִԪ֮ҶҪжȫĲҪڱ˵Ԫ֮
ȻǾĹֶҲǿ󣬵Ƕ˵ЩҪúõȥоһ²ſʹãǸϽȥǶݵ֮ɣܿᵽڵĵطˣôķ֮ȣ˶ݵ֮ģǶԷǿĺܣֻҪҶݵˣԷҲ޿κεġ
˵֮ϸϸжУҶҲʼ𲽵ħǴϹħ֮ħﴫģ³̶Ҳ޷ġ
Ҷڵʵ˵ƺȴݵ֮ʱҲ׽˲٣ҿӻУ֮󣬱㿪ʼ
ӵʵȻ˵ûмʶ⡶һǷḻľѧϵָҶˡ
ҲҶ컹ʱ򣬴ʱǷ֮ֲޱȵĺȻĴ˳޴ĺҲٵѧԱǿʼ¶˵ӵɫѸٵĶԶԶء
ЦֹĿԶֻ޴Ӱϵ֮ɫһ
Ҷ죬ҵЩɱ㣬ȴҲ㹻һˣҺܿϷõһݴҪʼˡ
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ҶϿʼԽ¶˿ĵɫܸû˿谭֮г˿֮⻹иıǾ档
ǰĻٻǴ˵Ƕݵ֮ȴԵһĴڣû뵽ԼһȻĻᣬᵽݵصĸо
Ϊݵ֮Ӧ൱ķû뵽ʱȴ˳֣ӵĽ֮󣬲ǰյʱѣҶѾȫŹķѵҲҶĳܷΧ֮С
νļһһ˵Ȼ൱ĲӵĴڣҶԽĸоԼķѵĿԼ̫̫ˡ
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ȻͳҶǰ档
ߵٶѾﵽ˶ʮ׵ĳ̶ȣʮװôֲ֣ߴͣһޱߵɷ
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˵˵׹ޣһļ⣬ְ֮ɫ¶ǿޱȵĻ֮⣬һ˺ѵζ
ʮ׵ĳȣԵޱȵĿֲԴһ޴صɽ󣬵̬ȴֻǽӽɽ򣬵Ǳɽ˵ȴֲĶ࣬ΪԴľһ׹ǣȫĿκεļ档
ԴֱֻļɢűĹâѩ׵İ׹֮ɫ
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ϲ˸ֵɭɭ׹ǣеĵطǻȻһµģȻǸոյģɺ٣忴ȥһֻѾõĿʬ壬ΪµĻǲʱɢĻ棬һޱȿֲĻ棬ΧĿȼյɼһĻġ
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൱µĶ߾ԵĿԴﵽĳ̶ȣȻ˵Ҷ첻¶أȴӵһԼ֮һԽԼ嶼ȳ⽴
֮ƺѾչ˰Ȼ״̬ǰ׹޻ɷϹѾʼ
ҶȻǲ𣬲Ҫ˵ʦǿҲĻȥı̬
ĶһĻҶ֪ԼƴȫſǿĺöԷһ֮
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ٵˣҶʱһɿķ߲˵ѸٵĲһߵ̬Ҳ漴ĳǰ棡
ҶĶ˲Ĵ˵ע⣬ʱҲ̲סĿʼ˹ȥ


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ʲôģҵģһСС߼ܹѾĳ̶ˣôѵ˵Լ׬Ĳడһ̡
ȻѾõеˣʱڷУҶȴԽĲˬ
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ƾǿ֮ĸ֪Լϵ߲תҼǹصĶݵ֮ʱҶѾʼԼľó˲ˡ
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ǸղԼ߲Ȼһ䣬Լжһ˿Ҳ˴ﵽ̶ֳȵġ
ʦֳ߲˺ü׶βɣ
Ц˵
߲֮ļӳ֣˫Ϸ·ڰǰһ㣬ޱȵоеЩ⻹㲻ǵһ׶Σĵһ׶αڵӣߣÿ϶žߵǼµֵ֣ĳ֣ٶٴδﵽһʵڶ׶αӵžʮߵٶȼӳ֣ٺ٣ٶԼͻоеĿˡ
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˵֮Ҷ첻ɵصһ£ʵ̫ˣ̶ֳϵٶȣǲȥԽĺ
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֮Ǹֳɫļһ٣ҶһҲӿԼٶȡ
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110 Ĺ֮
ĸоޱĸо
ʱҶͣԼ֮ѸٵıԼ˫Ŀе֮·ֵҰһ㲻ϵ˶
ָоĳ֣Ҷǰ⾰ȻĴֻǰһŻɫ׵һĻŲ·ڷıţǺܿľʱǰһɽ
ͻȻһԵĳһ֮һŭȻĴֻһֻ޴֩ԴͻȻĳ֣Ҳ˵ʮɫ֩˿һİΧס˶Է塣
оԼ޷֮һ̲סķһޱȵĽȻ֩˿ϵ൱ļͣҴһǿճԣԷȻĺԽķ֩˿ĲƱԽ
ܿһĲҽ֮ҶǰҲ漴һʧˡ
֮һĻֻҪȥ˽һ˵ĸֻҪ֮һ˿ͿˣҾԵĲᱻԷֵġ
ӿЦ˵
ϸĽ˵ǲġ
Ҷԣ϶ʱ¶˺ɫ
Ϊʲô
ַȻ൱ļ㣬˵ӵķ֮ҶҲɵóĳɺź
˵֮ûôҲ˵ķǴģ֮Ȼǿޱȣ㲻Ϊǿģ֮ղȻ䵽Էϣ֮ԳɹȫΪԷ֮СĶ࣬ʵ̫ˣԴҷݵ֮ĴͺұԽĸ̾˵˺˵ϲ츳ܵţһԷ֮ǿǽܻܿ˵תġ
˵֮ҶɫҲı仯ղŵȷʵЩĵ̫ˣȴԼղŵķ֮ҲֻһʶĶҿԷ֮ǿ󣬵һǿĻǳԿĺܿԼ
ԺǾĲҪʹõĺá
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ҲһϾ֮ǿĴҲֻ࣬ǴڶѣֻҪСһˡ
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ˣһ￴ȥٶǿ㣬Ҳֻ֩˿ֶˣƾԼԽһиƬġ
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ĶϣѪҺϵðһɫĹâҲڲϵţâҶ൱ϤǷɫĹâ
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Ҷ찵Ե˵еȻĻӶٵĽԷǰ֫򿪣ȻĻӶһµٴεĴ˳
ѹѹҲҶӣ˵ѹҲٲܵģȴҪʱ䣬Ȼѹ»Ĺ𵴶ѵġ
Ҷ첻һתǿԽľıĺԼһǿͼ͡

ٴεĻӶµ˲ĽԷֻе֩ȸ
޴ޱȵ֩룬һޱȶĵĸоҶð˳
ޱȵĻƣµ۾һһѪҺôŻµĸо
ʱĶ֩Ѿǳ׵޷ˣҶеڤٵһɫ˿ߣܿı˶֩ĶоɫĴ֮һ˷ܣȻһգʱɫҲ漴ĳˡ
ڶԷĶнôʱɫ澹Ȼûκεı仯ޱȵĽྻ⵹Ҷ棬Ҳʡٵ
˵Ѿǲ˾õɫ֮Ҷٵת߲ĳȥ
Ǿ뿪֮һλɫ۵߻شҶıҶıӰһ˿Ц漴չ˳


111 ټ̷ǳ

ʱʮӵʱѣҶĺȴѾʼüϾڵֻһʿƷ۷ޣʦ㲻ϡ
ǸղȴѾʮӵʱıʮֻ޸Χ׷½ˡ
ʮֻ޻Сǿǳ˼ֻ֮⣬ĶļޣޱȿֲĽҪ˵һʿļһˣʦƷ۷ǿ߶ӳ
ΪҶݵ֮ĻĻᱻԷΧ׷½ˣҧɡ
ôǣΪʲôҸոյĳޱǳ˴ҩһĳҷޱȵĳӻȻҵ塣
Ҷ൱ˬ˼Ͼɮɲ˭ϲȥģɮ߿żǿĵڱҶھͺɮһĴڣֻҪǼ̵ıƨƨߵĳ
˷ܵӿȥֱֻҪҧԼһڱѾޱȵˡ
ԽԽֵҶ첻ɵȻԾ𣬶ɵһþ֮ϾؿǰһС
ҶĿȻޱȵĿⷽԲһصķΧ൱أǶĻǺٱ˷֡
ɱϵ𣬶ҴԪҲϵرȻѾʼǿʽˡ
ףôǣ
֮Ҷ̲סĽҲѸٵĳŶԷ˹ȥ
̷ǳ¶ƣ֮ɫǴﵽʿ̶ȵǿʵʱ򼴱޷õ̫Ҳ˵Ǳ
ʵȴȷʵˣʱǵǰȻվʮ꣬Ϊ׵һһеȣϵİ̺һĿֲϢȴԵޱȵĶأһ˫а֮˫Ŀȴ޷˶̫ĺøС
ҶѧԺǰǺܿ𣿲Ǻţھ˵ѧԺȻˣǸСӺڵһصĺɫ쭷бûӰأ˰ɡ
˵̺۵ļһĻ֮ʮҲʼЦ
ߣѧԺǰֻ˵û뵽ȴ̶ȣƾǵʵĺǱȴֻǻЩĵֶΡ
ǳ˺֮ɫ˵µźεĹâȻԽ崿
ڶԷУǸʵظѣ˶һȺ˫Ŀðӡ
Ȼش԰С˰ز˵ջ֮Ǻǿ󣬶ҾϲȴСŮʵǸӵˡ
ͽòҪ飬ϵȫĿԽ㣬ǡ
ǸΪͽȻЦ˵
̷ǳûʲôǣϵҪˣǸŮҲҪ
仰֮ĽĲһ£ȴ¶˼֮ɫ˵
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ʱһĳȹѾ˺˲٣Ȼ㲻ǳԹĳ̶ȣѩɫļֵȴʵ˵ϳһĸо
ҶһЩ꣬ԵĿȻޱȵģǶŮ˵ǵ۹ȻǺܸߵģЩ˶Щ֮ӣǵȼŮ֮еҲʼںȼˡ
ѩɫļ̵ͦΣޱȵأԼȣһطһ
缸ôˣǲǸоŮ˲
˱һ뼱ٵĺ֮󣬻ͽҲ¶һĨŰĿЦ⣬ڵ̷ǳѾԼǰΪԼ˵еȻ⡣
ٺ٣Ƹ磬Ůʵ̫ˣǿֵĸоָ߹ʣҶʼܲסˣֻҪݺݵĥ
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ã˵ĺãŮӦ˵ǰŮˣǾҪҪݺݵʹİǣ
㡭Ǳ֮أҵĵطѵ˵ǾͲ±ĸǷ𣿡
̷ǳĵѾʼԲˡ
ߺߣ̷ǳ̫ˣʲôطɱ¾֮أνɱ¾Ǳǿþеİ취ǵѹôѵõһƷúõķйһ£ҹǺܿı˵ġ
˵ɿҲֻͽܹ˵ˡ
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ߣҲҵ塣
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ٺٺ٣Ůɲ㡣
ͽԽЦ˵ĽŲȻĳǰ̤ȥ˲һǿȻĳ֣˫Ҳٵ趯˷·һһͻ˿е谭˲ĳ̷ǳ˹ȥ
̷ǳҿǻ˰ɡ
һһޱȵĸצ漴ðǷȻֻҪץһ±ѸٵΪ֮Ѫֱ
Ӱ裡
еĳʱչǧĹâͽȻİΧȥ
Ůǵɡ
ѧԺ˷׷׵ĵϷ˵
ӴŮһǺðǴȶѾ¶ˡ
㿴Σ̰Ļˬˡ
˶ߴԻĵϷĽɵһĻңʱ̷ǳҲڻͽǿĶš
ӴŮҪæ𣿡
ʱһޱԴ۵ͯӿлس̷֮ǳ϶ʱ¶˼Ĺâ
Ҷ죡

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ǼһʵƺֻʿƷĳ̶ȰɣҲǿ󰡡
Ҷ˼̷ǳϲɵÿЦѵ˵
ڿʼмƱʩڵӵģһ·ϸûʱŶ
Ҷĵ˵ͷ
Ҷֵ˲ͽϱѾ¶˽䱸ɫȻ˵ͽʵ㲻Ƿǳǿ󣬵ȴɷϵĸо൱Ҷֵʱоѹ
һǿ󡣡
ͽĶ˺ȵ
ϴһδɵĺӶѣСӣҿ㻹ǻؼҳ̰ɡ
һ֪ļһҶĽ
˫Ŀ΢΢Ҷϻ¶һĨЦ⣬ЦȴͽɫʱĴ䣺
ܣ
˵ȵĿʼ˺ȥˡ
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͡
ͽеĦȻıŷҶ建سѧԺм䣬ʱϾȻ˲ʱĴˣҶȴûϣٴεĵͺȵ
֮ˣ
䣡
ŴһѪͬӣ㿪ʼ
Ļ꣬ȴһޱȿɲɱ֮⡭


112 Ļ
ǹ¾
һǹȳմѪŻأ
ֲޱȵĿ̷ֲǳ˫ĿѾֳһֿն״̬ڵԺֻҶȥһǹ
ͬһһǹǹӰ˲γһɱҲ˵Ļ˳ǹ֮ϣǿޱȵĽǶȣֲٶȺ
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ɺѪλص䵽˵ϣһصɫǹɢֲֿĺ⣬ͽɵÿһԼΧ
Լ֮⣬е˾Ȼĵ˵ϣѪʣѾ˵ķֳƬ
ʮ˰Щ˵г˼֮ȴʿǿڰ
㡭㵽˭㡭֪֪ʲôѧԺѧԱ֪ԼڸʲôѧԺҶѧԺ飬ʲôˣϽ뿪ûѧԺĵʦ֪㾹ȻɱѧԺôˣһˣ
ͽĻҶвĲһޱȻĸо
ؽеĳǹ΢΢
͡
ֲڹע֮ѩǹɵ÷΢ı
֪Ϊʲô𣿡
ͽ϶ʱ仰֮¶һĨ΢ĵһҶĻȴԷޱȵı
ΪЩ˵ҵһ
ҶĻոյ£ֻͽϾȻؿʼڻڻΪϵļΪֵķɢһڻļ󣬸ղҶеĳǹȫгƬİ£Ҳڶʱ֮ڱ֤һ岻ƻʱѾȥˣȻ˵˲ıѣֿԼ𽥵ڻȴӵĿֲ
ҵ塭
ͽԼ°𽥵ĻΪѪˮ֮ϲĿʼĲҽʱȴѾûκεһ˻ν֮˱пɺ֮Ҷ˵ûκεĳˣǡΪѾĲ֪ȥҶĸףҲҶеɱ˲޵ĳ̶ȡ
Ȼ˵ԼǸνĸҶûмȴҲҶΪĵط֮һ껻ˣطȴһֱ޷ҡͽȴǡǡǴҶΪĵطѾĲôɣ
ڵĿԼ°ȫʧ֮ͽɫһľޱ䣬Ȼķˡ

̲סľҪҶһıס˶ԷȻ˵ҶӻСֳޱȵϢȴ̲סһΡ
ڵβ֮ΪЩ޳ܵѧԱᱡʱñиˣ˵ĴѾй©˳
ϵỬϵҶϻĸоȻҶ¶һ˿ǿ̵ӣǼεǿ̣˵Իĳλʼˡ

ܵԼ˵ĵطһ֮ﲻϵػһ㶣Ǻܿı֪ȹ֮ʲô
å
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Ȼ˵һǾԲͬġ
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ܵԼĳԽǿ׳ƣҶ˵
ҶǿӣȻ˵лǴһĨŭǸȴһֱԵĿС
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ԼƨɱǴס֮һǿҵĿʼݵȫޱĸоҲɴ˵Ĳ
־ᶨ֮ˣ˼ǸܵԼһĪĿУڿǻĵϢе̷ǳ֮סеŭûнгںݺݵشϢ˼̲֮סҶĽϺݺݵزȥ

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ʱһͷʱ򣬷ı㿴Ƿϵַ顣
ѩɫС˵Ĺ֡׳дһѩɫ˹ʡ
ƺǿʼʪֻҶһƺߣǺܿȴҲûκεϢɵúû뵽ҶѾľȻڶԼ˵ĲλĽζ

һȻľˣоԼµͬҪɱһĹâҶжʱĿЦѡ
Ķӱмװóһ·˵
Ǹ·ȥɡ
·ȻϴģʱȻҲǹ˲ôˣɿĶԶԶȥ·
һ̷֮ǳǿĻָЩԪҶ֮ǲҶ֮ϲɵ¶˸м֮ɫ˵
һζİûľͲˡ
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ˣǶһѧԺıӦ໥İġ
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ƽϲоֵҩ˶ҩζ൱УϾԵһҩĴڣҺǿζζϤŹҼˣǷħҩ۵ζ
Ҷ岻ɵúݺݵһæʵ
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ħҩһֺǶҩۣڳûκεõģһɭлɽȣ˵޴ķ֮ȴģΪħҩ۱;ûУǶ޵ջȴޱȵǿΪħҩ۱һΪħĻĥɵģħ˵ǷǳϲģһϴҩۣںԶĵطŵϵζ
Ȼǲǻᱻ׷ϣ
Ҷɫ˵
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˶Է϶Ļش֮ҶȴѾʼЦһеڵĿʼ⿪Լ֮һֱڱЩǿ׷ϣɷϹͰ׹һʼע¼ҲΪħҩ۵Ĵڡ
Ҷɫˬӣ̷ǳȻԷڵĸоϾյݺ˭൱Ĳˬġ
꣬ҲֻſԿңҲֻźгպȻ˵ҲҵĹϵǺܺãȴ˵ĵͼ갡꣬Ҫúõغ߶һˡ
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113 ټѪ
ħҩۣһֶޱȵҩۣҲҪǷħΪΪҪҩ˵ٻȥķѴƣϾȫû̫ɱ֮أӴ˵У˭
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Ҷ˫Ŀ˪ԺҲڲϵĻص̷ǳĻҪ˺Լһģڷ˷ħҩ֮ҶȴԼ뷨ˣΪԼĻʵҲ㲻ǰȫٺȽϣԼʵǲԼıŲٵδ֪˰˵ҶֻöǰˡʦӱչصƵԽԽƵˣȻڵҶֻпԼˡ
ͫɱҶӿһɹɿ񱩵ΧĿƺ˲䶼
ҶԼ㲻ʲôˣһζı˵ݺţеŭȻ޷ı˳
ԶһȺɫȺܿıܵҶϢȻһϢһѣǷħҩ۵ʵ̫ǿˣһеǵĿж¶һĨ޷ڸǵǿɱ⡣
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Ȼ˵ⳣ꣬Լޱȵ׵ԷԼһʧصĻҲ˵תԼԷ
ǰЩѾҪ̲סǣҶϲɵ¶һĨЦ⡣
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񱩵ХĴеȺеһֻѩɫǣһһֻ۾ƺǱ֮Ļһ㣬ֻһֻĿɢűĹâȴȺΪֲһ
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ҶȻǲɣЩһȻ˵ЩĴڣǼһƻޱȵǿ󣬼ֱͲǳ˿ģ¼ļı̬ҲҪѡ뿪
ſдһıҶѸٵķһֻɺɫĻצ
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צѸٵĦſٶ֮գ֮󣬱ݺݵץסѾԼһֻǵĲӣ
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Ťû˿ĿԻɵ뷨Ҷƺɵı㽫ԷԴޱȵ۳ĻצŤ
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ߺߣ𣿵ˡ
˵߲Ѿת˼ޣ֮Ŀֲӳ֣ҶһһĳȺ˹ȥ

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ĲһεĴڣǾŷ˲䣬ǿѾޱȵĽԷٴεɱֻǡ
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ǴҶȴĸо˶Էƺޱȿµĥһ㡣
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ҶĿǰһеʱϲɵһ䡣
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ǷɿڵĽѾ˵һ˿ա˵ĽѩɫļʱѾ˵µɫܺۡ
һλڶԷϷķйţĶһʱѾʼ仯廹Ǹ壬ȴѾ꿪ʼתˡ
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áˬ尡û뵽ϷȻʱҵһ˹ҷй
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114 
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ǵģֳűŰϢ龰һԣǿѪѩɫļǷΣǰ׻ӣҶ첻뵽˲ǰ龰
һСҲ漴ĲˣоԼϵı仯֮Ҷ첻ɵðԵתˡתϢϵߣҶ˫ĿҲڴ˵ı
ʱҲӵΧȻһ㵭ķɫĲϽ뵽ѪӵУԷҲڲϵس鴤ҲʱĻᱻԷѸٵĴһĨɺľٴεӵС
Ѫɷ㡭㾹ȻѪɷǰҰɡ
Ѫӵޱȵĺ
ߺߣѵ㾹ȻˡŮ񹦡˵ֱĴ֮˵һŹǣ
˵ӵٴεļҵĳ˼£ԽЦ
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ʱѪƺѾ֪Լһڽˣǿ¶˷ŭ֮ɫ˵
ϹҵǲŹġ
΢΢һ䣬Ǻܿȴ¶һĨӣ徹ȻȻļ̣ٶ֮춼Ѿγ˲Ӱĳ̶ȡ
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ǵԼϷޱȵĦ֮ҶҲʹ˵ĳ·ɿĽȥ

ŶԷ֮󣬹ͽɫɵúݺݵһ䡣


115 عŶ
ģȻһƵȥ
վϵĹͽ¶޷Ƶŭ⣬ΪϧҶ죬ΪҶѾ˲ֻһֵǿ󹦷ԻûӰĹԼĹҪǿ󣬶ͽԼԵõЩĻԼʵٴεһµ̨ףǾʹ˽뵽ǴʦƷ۷Ҳһ޵
ЩͽԼеĵλҲӵĿǰʱԼνǴ⣬ƽˣڷŴѵĺȴԼǰˡ
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ȻҲһֻޣǶԷȴ൱ĹŹ֣ϵӺûжٵĲ࣬ԴȴĲմߣΪǷľһֻӵԴȻǱûĻǻӵĿɰ
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治ʱķײһٵĺɫӰѸٵĴӶŶԷĻһ㣬µȥ
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ԼΪɢأڿĻЩɢ˶֮
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⡭ڲ䣿
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ӵǲԺû˵ҩĻЩɫԳΪԼˡ
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117 ǧʯ
ȵҶٴεĻָ֮ѾǰľˣǶʼ̲סĻһ鴤Ļߡ
ֻǰĹͷҵڵϣС׺åҶ˫Ŀһ˲侹Ȼݺݵؽһֻɽֳ룬һȥ
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С׺åԵѾʼΪƤһĶƤҶ첻ɵø̾һʳƺҲ̫˵ɡ
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һĸԼĶƤåõǽһ󰡡
ҲʱƺǶҶϿɵ̬ȣⶴѨȥ
Ȼ˵֪һﵽҪʲôǴӶԷϿȻûʲô˼˵ҶҲûзĸ߽ɽ
ҶĲһɽȻЩˣû˿Ķ֮ҲʱĻƮ㡣
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Ҷ쿴ǽϵЩƽޱȵĹ켣аԵ
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Ҷ컺ص˵ͷٴεĽǧʯĺһ֮󣬱Ա£ѸٵĴԪ̬


118 ֮
Ȼ˵ģǧʯ뵽Ҷ֮󣬱Ѹٵİ֮󣬶Է㿪ʼ˼ޱȵı仯
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ǿޱȵѸٵĿʼǧʯİӲޱȵĽԷϵ˵С
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119 
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ڤȴ൱ҪõϻĻеѳ̶Ȳ죬ȱҪõڤеâʯöʯϻеĺĲ֣ûĴӣǵõϻҲûа취ʹá
Ϊѵıڤ˽ϻǰµ棬˭еĵ۵ȥһɳ̶ȵѰ
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ε˵ҶȻʾǶڵ״˵ĻƺҲԼΨһѡ
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Ҷ찵ԵĲһºˮԴҵ˵ǵһڶȴǽԼѪҺںڶԷ棬һԼѪҺԷϵĻеѳ̶ȿɾͻĳ¶¡
С׺åһûƷܳɽı仯ƺȥںûߣҶ췴ǰ˲٣ָȻҧʱǾӨޱȵѪҺٵĻһɺٵĳŶԷȥ
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Ļǰֻһ˿ҲҶʿ޿ӦģڶԷǱҶĺˮ˵ˢˢΪ£ΪѹȼֱҶ춼ʼ޷
ضҿֲ񱩶ҳɱ⡣
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ǻʣһƵĻǣĻȴɱǣڿҶʹ֮˫Ŀвɵ¶һ˿˷ܵɫ
һ˫Ŀе̬֮ҶϲɵÿʼŭԷȻԼ棬ҶԷҲܿ϶ԼĶ֣˵ԷֻΪĥԼ
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ĻɽзޱȵɢǻԽԽ󣬶ϢҲԽŨѹ֡
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120 ɹ
䣡
ޱߵĻ治ϵȼգڿҶ֮ȴ·ܵĪ谭һ㣬ƾŶԷεǰȴ޷ĸ㶨
ԼߵĻ治ϵȼգҶҲޱȵľȣȴоԼƺһǿڱԼһ㣬ƾǻεǿ󣬵ȱ޷˺Լ

Ҷ켤ޱȵĵ˵ʱɫʱѾޱȵĽҶһѪݺݵذ棬Ľǿϻϡ
͡
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ǵģҶ൱ĵ⣬ΪڽԼ֮ӵУеֻһպꡣ
ʵȻǿ󣬵ȴչֻһ˿ˡ
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Ҷ˵ӸղŶԷԼĶϣԼɱԼҪĽһշǲܵˡ
Ҷ컹ڶǰҪʱµ棬ȴһı֮ɫĶǰ꣺
ȷ
˳ǲŵ֮ɫʱıޱѿ
ߣ꣬Ϊĸ׶жĻҲŲȥЩµģ˵˵ʱõСһ㡣
˵һǿҲʼıŷ˳ԷϼҲʼһҵŤһλӵӳ˳ǰ
Ӳͽֻ˭
оԼϵĿɬޱȵӣԼԷϵֲֿޱȵɱ⣬ⳣϲɵ΢΢һ䣺
ܴƺ̫ЩɣϾǿһϵƣ״£ǵʸҲǶԵȵģ˵ʱȻҲǴһЩСС޾
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ⳣĿʼı֮ͽϲ΢΢ĺÿһЩɫȻ滺˫Ŀȴޱȵı䣺
ߣӦҵġ󷨡ƺø˰ɡ
һϲɵ΢΢һ䣬Ц˵
Ǻǣܴƺ̫żһЩɣϾԲŸոյĿʼȵ֮⡶󷨡ܵ𣿸ο֮Э൱Чأܴѵ˵Ų𣿡
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ߣ˵ĵǺΪһ˵֮󣬻ʲôܻ𣿡
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⻹ѵ˵㲻Ϊ֮𣿡
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ܴˣѵ˵㻹ҲɣҪˣҵĸ׾ȹһεһζıңºڵݲɣ
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ߣðɣ˵ģҪ֮һġ󷨡Ӧûκεɡ
֮һ
̲סĽ˳ڿɫƵ̬֮󣬳ֻǿޱȵĵͷ˵
ðɣӦõġ
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ϻҶ졣
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ڸղţиոյĳ֮һ޷Ƶ֮Ȼ޷ڸǵĽԷѸޱȵĿʼ˳ϡ
ȵ谭֮֮һȻҲǿʼˮˡ
ϻûκ谭˲ıҶյԼС
ܵޱȵĸо֮Ҷвɵһ
͡
ſдһĦ֮Ҷıһɫ㿪ʼȶ
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Ҷ첻ɵüЦϻǿǳԤϣٵĿһչϻֻ֮Ҫ״̬ԴԴϵԪῪʼޱȵĽУҶһָоϻԪȻԼԪٶȸӵѸͣҲ˵ϻؼԪȻ󹩸Լʹá
ӵĻԼǡתʱ޿̵ؼԪһչϻ֮ٶȾԵĻӵѸֻͣҪԼӵϻ𣬼ջصɵĴڣֻٶϻһЩ
ҶڤΪʲô˵԰˵ԼϻЩ˵ҪǿĶ࣬ǳķҶĻҲ˵Ϊķȴ
ڤϻ֮˵õΪǱ˵õĻҲҪܳһʱϾĻǼǻʣµĺ٣վ̶ȵĴڰ
Ĳ뵽˻ӵ챾졭


121 
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һصĿռУΪԺռϵλƫƧԼ֪λãҲܻе뵽Ϊ˵صλһ֮¡
ռһƬɽĻΡǲϢﲢһԾסû
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һǿҵıȻ쳹ǿҵſֲıʼɿĴݣеƺ˲ʱио˿ռǱƵĿ̶ֲȣɿĸΧתתѸٵĿʼ۳һǿԵ塣
һֻȫɢɫʵ޷ɿĴɽз˳һ˫ӨзĴһƵĹâԷצ滹һûгĸ⣬һԴһ壬ԵñȽϵࡣ
ңңһʵŭɿڿдݶǰѸٵĿʼΧγһʵʵ
Ѫ̤죡
һʱһӰǷһ㣨עͻгᣬ˵ΪܣѸٵĳһͷɺɫͻӰ֮ȻѸޱȵĳΧ̤ȥ
񱩵ϢɿɢͻȻĳŵݺݵ̤ȥͬѹǧ֮һ㣬ֲѹδﵽ棬ȴѾϷɿѿĹϸơ
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ֻһλźɫ۵Ӱڵ棬ţΧԪͿռɻйɵγ˲ĻߺͲ
ڽӰ߲ߵľ֮ᱻתΪԣȻ׾ٵյ˵С
˳⻺ɢ˵Ҳʼ˲Ҷ˭
֫ٺеϵشݺҶϱѾ𽥵չ£ԷԴ͵ĻƺеԽĳ
ͣ
Ҷ˫Ŀʱɫ漴˫Ŀб䲻䣬ǰ֮ĵطŲСĺۼ
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طԭɽУµΪײλãϻҪûķɲϾҪҲҪһʱĥϵġ
ǹ䪵ǣϰĹҶȴСĵĵµ
ҿϵϻǱȽϵĿ׵ģΪؼʱڵӭҶĵһλ裬оյ֮ס
˭Ҳ뵽֮׾Ȼһµһ㣬ĻȻ㲻ǺܺãȴҲﻨ㣬صԪǾ˵ĺܡ
СʱʱȻʱҶڵĿʼ״̬
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һҶıһɫչҶ¶һĨ֮ɫ󻺻ؽ𲽵Ĵ߶ܿһɫڵĿʼ˷Ӧ
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һؾḶ́˵һξԵĲֵڶΣԺֻʹĿ
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Ҷдȫû뵽ϻٶȾȻôѸ֮ͣѾ˵İ׿ĵطһ߷ǼӲʯڣ

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𡭡
ŻХȻըʱһǿѸٵĳȥ
䣡
żҵײ֮󣬶ʱҶ챻ɾ޴ٵĴ˻ȥ
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ףٶȡƺ̫̫˵ɡ
ͻȻҶ̲ס˵ڸղûз֣ȴޱȵĸоԼʱϻԵļӿԪٶȣȻڤ˵ļҶѾ֪ŵ㣬ǵĸо˳֮Ҷȴ֪ӿĳ̶ǶôĿֲںδԦϻʱٶҲû֣ޱȵĶԱȡ
ʱ򣬸ӵѸ٣һֱһĴڰ
ҶϿʼԽļ૵Ľס˵
еСåϣһЦĶҶ죬ǵķ֮иǻһ޴ɽȣʱĺåһһڵĳţǺòڡ
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ԽĸܵϻļֵҶȻĲöԷװ׵ĳԼϣ΢˼һ֮Ҷٴεչϰ
Ǻ
£
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ǿޱȵϵĳܷϢС׺åòĿʼŸߴȥֲֿϢȻ޷ֿġ
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ҶٴεĴ˷·ǻһɫһ㣬ϻڵĿʼļԦΧĿ˲Ķͣͣ˫ΧҲޱȵĻХ־һЧҶ˶ʼ
Ѫ˺ƺ̥һ㣬ֲչ˫ָĵطûдȴѾʼһת
䣡
Ҷ䵽˵һԲ׵ķҲ˵ĳǰ
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ޱȵĿֲ
ϻͨʩչҲҪķѶٵȴԴǿϵĵʵ̫ˡ
ҶѾʼȻ˵ϻޱȵǿ󣬵Ҷϻļֵ֮˵ӵ˲򲻵ѵʱԼǲʹõġ
ʼǿ߲ſԷ裬һոմﵽʿ̶ȵȴѾЧǱ֪Ļ̰ﵽһôֲĳ̶Ȱ
е޶ǶԼ˪һģͽ֮Ҳǲġ
Ѿȥյʱˣ²ûдĻǵöɫӦҲҪˣץʱĽϻĳ̶ȣʱҵʵһٴεһµĲΡ
ʱȣ΢΢ĴϢһ֮Ҷٴε
ϻ֮󣬲ٵѾԸıˣϾĴڣĳ̶ֳҲøӵѸ͡
ȻǰҪҶƵĺá
٣ϵļ٣ϻ𻶿ޱȵ﷢˵ѾγһɫĹâҶ챾Կˡ


122 
ʱ仺ţƺҲǸոյĿʼʱ֮Ѿ˰Ȼ״̬
֮˻ϺٻʿǿߣϾ˻϶żʿǿ߸ӵеˣǵ˼·˸ӵݣ뷨Ҳӵĳǰ
ЩߵĵȼǽɫģĻֲ൱ģڵʱոյĿʼɫϣɫҲ١
ֻЩͼĲЩżѧԺȥõģҪǸӵȼ
ϾһöߵȼԵֵǧöĵͼ˴󹦷ȴֻΪͼⲻ㡣
˸Ȼֵڰ֡еĸȴ൱ࡣ
һƬ֮أһλɺɫװ˫ֻվһʯϣƮƮнӻع˳
ɺ죬һжɺ죬ɺɫľװޱȵۣɺɫĳڸǲסһ˫ɫͫף촽ޱȵ¶ѪĹ󣬶ӿµݣǵߣݾȻһҰһĻߣȻȽϻһЩȴҲ൱Ĺˣǰһڵϣ岻ϵس鴤ţϾȻɲѪѪȴѾûκεѪ
ϸĿȥᷢ˾ȻѾȥˣֳ鴤ҲΪԭʼһַӦϵļⶼʼֳ˴ή󣬷·ڵѪҺ˵ʧһ㡣
̧ͷѪص䣬аϾȻƾյһĨޱȵ
ɺ죬·ѪĶħһ㣬Χʮ˵ϾȻ׷׵¶һĨӡ
⡭һħһһħ
еһֱֳӴĽеһϵļⲻϵĶϸѾʼ˵ĿˮϾȻѾΪֵĳ鴤ǰĻ˻ἥЦڶԷڴȴûκμЦӣΪֱֵ˲
ֲޱߵĿ־壬ǰѪʵ̫Ŀˡ
󡭡Ѿ׷ɱһյʱˣɵŶӴﵽʮˣȴֻʣʮ˵ĳ̶ȣѵ˵»ò𣿡
еһֳǴӲĽе
ȴһɫĸоߴǰǰȥǸĹӸһǰȻγһֹŹޱȵĶԱȡ
û˵ֻڿԼƣѩʮָ൱
һĹص˿лߣһ൱аζڿЩ˿֮ӵüͷȴ΢΢ƺʲôŭһ㡣
ιTMD˵ҪɱɱɣҼǲԸȴҲûа취Ѿȥˣֵ͸ϽɱңһζװŪʲô
һĽеȻѾܲĲٿˣصգʵıٱĳ̶ȡ
࣬׳գĻǱǵ汳
˷׷׵ĳӺ¶˷ŭɫȻΪӼŭǰħ
ƨǻΪԼԻȥһǸħħһ·ϣǶ˵Ѫˡ
ŭȻʱѾȥˣηκεˡ
磬ף裬ǣ
һͻȻĳ֣ĳ֮һֹصϢͬǶһ㣬Ѹٵ˵ϡ
͡
ֲ׵ϢƿԼΪһ塣
˺Ѱɣӣ裡
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ʱȻγʵʣĹâ˸ÿһ羹Ȼʵʵ磬ֻڸղŵʱûȫıڵĿʼ¶еĿֲ
ಡ
Ѫ껹δʧڿѪ֮󣬲ɵ¶ޱȷɫָȻһʱЩûɢѪҺ·ܵһĿ԰أѸٵĳŶԷ˹ȥ
ſͣһﾹȻȻĽеѪҺݺݵ
ʮޣȻ˵һЩ߼ĳ̶ȣǶԷȴƾһ֮˲ʱ̽Щ˺гƬ
ʵķ涼൱ĺ
һǸ̬
ڰ˰Ե˵
СҿɲһԿȻʿĳ̶ȣһӦѾﵽʿƷ۷ĳ̶˰ɣֶΡĺܱ̬

ֶԻҶӵʵһּɵޱȵ
ͻȻȻı䣬·ǶһĹâϵسܿ
Ӱһ￴ˡ
ҶʱĿʼȵҲѸٵĻ˵ɫӰӿٵ뿪
ӵ¶һĨмɫͻȻʱһɫѪ⣬ȻĴصĳҲһʯȥ
ߣ굴ƣ
һߣѸٵĴǺ˾ʯ֮󣬾ʯȻ˲仯ޣһֻҺɫȴҲʱޱȵĴ˳

ںɫľѸٵľһΧĲľѸٵıɾһ޴ޱȵɴ˵ĳ֡
һλźɫ۵һ֮ɫվѾ˷ĩľʯ֮¶һĨŭɫ˲պֻ˭
ʱǰʱƺʵٴε˲٣ϵа֮Ҳӵվȴһֻаһ㣬ѪҲ˿Ĳѷɫʱɫȴ൱ѿĶǰѪӣ˵
ߣ飬ʲô˼
飿ȻѪӵ֣պ޵Ľ֮Ѫӵ΢΢һ£û˿Ϣնޱȵ۾Ҳðһ˿⣬΢΢һѣ
պޣ
ᣬȻޱȵĹأһ൱ĸо
Ůӣ
ǵģͺһŮӵޱȵĽӽ
飬ԽĽӽŮˣҿĺӶѾ˰ɡ
պ޵ʱϺݺݵزһ£˫ȴ΢΢
Ҫ
һϢȻıŷûеȵպ޷ӦһѪӰȴѾѸޱȵĳǰ
ܵǰĿѸٵıޱպ޵˫Ŀʱͫ׾ҵһ㡣
߳ǧѪ
ʮָѸٽ֯һӰ˵ɫȻıŽͬǧһٴεţ
Ѫӡ
ٴε
ɫѪɫ
ͬа񣬲һǿݺݵײһ
䡭
ĵӺ;ڵı˳
΢΢¡֮˵ɿźȥ

¡ĵͻȻĺǧըҩһ㣬ޱȵըˡ
ʯŽ硢ԼۻҵײһδεĽ


123 öɫĳ
޷Ӱǲϵıǿޱȵſ񱩵ϢȴûⷽԲǧ׵ķΧͣЪ
ɫĹâѾ뵽˲һľС
Ѫֻأ
պ޵ĺ˫Ҳ֮󣬿ޱȵǣΧԪԵޱȵǣ˹ȥһԵ෴ķʼǣ
һһȻĵһ𣬴ĺɫ׹⿪ʼպ޵пʼʱѾԷﻹȥ˵νıʵһ˵
Ѫ֮
Ҳʮָ·ǿеľһѸٵеһķš
ѪⲻϵشָѪıѪʱȴѾ¶ޱȷɫ
һɺޱȵľ޽ɿĴоۼҷɿޱȵͷš
ǿȻΧĿռ۵ĿҪ˺ɼķ̶Ѿﵽһֺεȵĳ̶ȡ
ĺɫպ޵ͷϲϵƣǧ̬ϵת˵ϢʱѾﵽΪʢʱ̡
ͦѵ˵ˡӣ֮ӶʼŮһԹ˾Թˣ˵
Թ
ӣ
˲ԶһƬյһ۵¡֮΢΢Ķ
Ҷϲɵ¶һĨȵɫ
Ҷȫû뵽Լպ޾ȻԵ֣ոճ֮󣬱˶ԷĴսߵʵ˵Ľӽ
Թ֮廹̲סĲһ£ϾԹһ˵Ҫܴľģ־Ҳǳ޷ģڴ󲿷ֵ˵ǿԵõǿʵȴҪѡԹϺٵ˻ȥӦġ
Ǵպ޵ĻпԿóȻѾôˡ
Ƕһ˵ʧȥԼΪƷ֮ȻҲΪĵطһκε˴֮ǽȻ޷ġ
պ޼Ȼ˵ȻĿģǱΪ˼ŭԷ
ӣħжٵ㾹ȻѡŹǳҵ󰡣лŮ˰
պ޲ϵŶԷŭ⡣
ǲò˵ɹˣ

ۼ˴ɺ쳤ȻĻһâޱȵĳŶԷȥ
ҿδذɡ߳
ŭγɵҲѸٵչһֵ
ŵϴҶжߵʵʼ𲽵ķ
պ޵ʵԼʱ򣬾Եûе㵽̶ȣһѾע֫ٺߵٶϸޱȵľˣȻѾﵽʿƷ۷ĳ̶ȡ
һμһʱ򻹲֮ǰǸʱҲʿƷĳ̶ȣΪʲôô̵ʱУһĽѾ˵Ŀֲˡ
Ҷ츧Լ°ͰԺ˵
ȻҲǴƷ뵽Ʒ۷ĳ̶ȣȴҲ˾һľǿֲޱȵĺɫ쭷ǿޱȵʹȻҶѾȹȥˣһεĻҶҲûаܹסֲֿޱȵʹ
ŹְŹ֡
Ҷ찵Ե˵
˵̫Ĳˡ
Ц˵дһ˿ڸǵıӺ
ǿ߶ڲ֪ߵһӡ
ӵһαƺ˲٣ϢҲøӵǿȻһʱ侭Եıչغͳ˯õ洦١
ʦָ𣿡
Ҷ쾪ϲ˵
ָأҵɢ̫ˣЩɫ쭷֮оȻһǿеĽҵжʱҲˣ˵ҵʵŻָһЩһõһϻ̲صǸһ˿ǣߺߣȻǿеĽڣ֮ƾԼֲʵͼңߺߣҵ˲ƷˣӶԣڶʱֻ֮ҪϵȥͿˡ
ڵ൱Ĳ
ʦƺպ޵ʵδ϶
Ҷʵ
ʵһǿ϶ģֻĸ൱ĲȶҲ²ûдĻһ֮ǿʵӦòԼһһƴģ㻹ǵǸѪӰɡ
һҶԺжʱһ
ʦҪ˵պҲȡĹ
ӻ¶һĨЦɫ
ߣ²ֹɣһԵĳֳһ״̬Ȼ˵Щʱ֮ڱˣǳ˵Ļǿ϶ǲеģҲ²һﲻĹֱӵı˹ע˴ǿеĽĿ̶ֲȣĴԼƿһԾΪʿƷ۷ĳ̶ȡ
˹עѵ˵ѪӽԼչڲɣ
ĵ˵ͷ˵
൱Ĵ󣬳֮ҲҲû뷨ˣѲСӻһһֻǧϹɡ
ѵõĿЦ˵
ʦͽ˻ڽʱ򣬵ϵˣʱҲѾս˰Ȼ״̬Բǧ׵ķΧУԪһգϵǿӿݵĺۼֲʯǵϵѪⶼѾƻޱء
ʱ˶ʼĶŶԷеڲϵ룬˵ʵȫİʵڷ˵֮Ȼȡ˸棬ССҲʿƷ۷ĳ̶ȡ
Ϊħ֮һӣħ԰ˣܹұƵ̶ȵģټҶ֮⣬ѾΪϿɵĴڡ
Ϣŵպ˵ϵĺɫʱѾγʵʣұϣһɿֲޱȵĺɫȻȫֱϣɫһһȻ˵ԴģӣǿֲͿ񱩵Ϣȴޱȵľ֡
͡
ָĶУٴεķָ֮Ѹٵֲĺɫ̡
һʱպ޵ԵԽĿֲۺͳ죬ұȴ
ߡԲѣĸ㿴ˣʸᲢۡ
ԽļǰȻʼ΢΢¡𣬶ϢҲϵǿš
һۺɫĳУȴʱѪе
ߺߣزȻʼ仯ʵȻǾ˰Һٺ棬ġӣﵽ̶֮߳ǲǸҸοһǼį尡
裬裡
⻰֮϶ʱı


ָݺݵĦſպЦ˵
ĸҪ𣿡
ͻȻ˵תʱһĦͻȻĴӶĵط˳ҫޱȵɫâٵ˷Բһĵط
ɫ
˶ʱĽݺݵض˶Էһ֮Ѹٵĳͬķȥ
ͬһʱ̣ҶҲٵڵǰĶݵ֮ǵٶҲಮ١
öɫǳˣҲǳ˵ǵöɫǴպ޵ϺΪĻһﻹûдӳռô


124 ׻֮
ɫĹâϵɢž˵ϢǹâǿҴ̼Ҳڳ˿ʼ֣ǻ֡
ǿ޴˷˹ȥ
һ·ϼ֮˫ҲֻһּɵŶԷȴȥ֣ܹڲųֵ˶ǿߣǶ֮һĻһֶôֲޱȵĳֻǻռˡ
˵û˻˵ɵñѡʱ֡
ڲʿǿߣ۷ǿߣЩ˶˵ʸɫᣬΧ߰˰ٵһĿ棬ȴȥᡣ
ΧıԵһ޴ʯʯʮֵļªȻǱڼģǸߴʮ׵ĳ̶ȴһεѹǱ汻Ŀˡǿ룬֪֣
ǿֲҲ߼ǲɵ
ʵ
ǿΪϸĵȼ֡
߰˰˵ʵҲߵĳ̶ȣ൱ԼȲ֮ˣûǿʵǽеĻ˲ıЩһġЩƽﶼżͬǹһĴڣǵȴͬһĶԴʯϵ˼൱ȷһУûʵĻᱻǿ˲ɱ顣
ƾʲôǹƽľƾʲôЩʿļһԽǵ档
һĸߴһŭ֮ɫĺı޴ĳԵޱۡ
һڳ޲һֿ׳յڶʵ̫޴ˣ޴ˣû֯ǽ룬ֻҪʵ
ûʵĻ޷õͬ
һĨм֮ӵ϶ʱ¶˲ɫȻס˱˫ĽĽ
Щ׳գѵ˵֪ĵ𣿡
˵һλźɫ۵ȻĴȺг˽ȥǹصǣЩǿʿǿ߶ȴûκεķӦңңĿ׿׾ٵĽ뵽ʿķΧУûκεΣգʱӵϸӵĵ
ûУûУǸһûκε顣ʵ߼ĳ̶ȡ
ǵģǸڽ֮󣬾Ȼûκεȥ
߼ʵҲǿԽģҲ˲ٵ߼޽ˡ
һλȥȽ˵ȴҲףЩ߷ĶЩ߼۷ǿߣǿĵõʿǿߵͬǼ֪ȻҲ൱Ĳģ˵йһ¡
Щ׳գңҪȥˡ
ֳ˫ޱȵЦǷɿĳȥ
һ֮󣬴ҵҲ¶ڴԾԾԵɫ
һλŻҰ׳۵ڿ֮¶һĨͲмɫȻĳŶԷһơ
ʿ˲ıŷ˳һɫľȻĻ˳һ㣬ѸٵĽԷûˡ
͡

žĴ߷ʱĿǾޱȵĦ֮һֲıҲ漴ĳ֡
͡ϣ
޽ڿתţݺݵزǾ޴ʯǰֲĳϵĲѪϵطʯϡ
ֲ
񱩣
Ѫȣ
Եıȴӵʤ
ҡ뵽ˣǸԵľǴһľԱûεܹеȥ
˵ĻǸ꣬ǶԷڵȴӮ˴ҵͬȻ˵һ۵ķ޳ȴҲʵ
ȵҶʱ򣬱㷢һȦ߼ļһû뵽ʱѾǾȻѾΪɫѵõĲȥɱˡ
Զǿʯ֮ϲ¶˹Źֵɫ
˼ߵĽ룬Ҳͨ߼ߺߣе˼ЩһҲǺԼʱ򣬱һЩʵ΢ռ˰
Ҷȴûֹͣ½Ų߲ٵĴ߶ѾûʱˣͬʱΪ⣬ɫѾۼ˲ٵˣԼϽץʱ䣬ɫԵĻᱻ˵õġ
ҶĶ֮󣬶ʱĴҷ׷׵¶˲мֻӣ
ûаһģƺǸɣϾȻоǿߵϢһѵ˵ûȡѵɣ
һо̬˵
ǸŻҰ׳۵ӣڿҶ֮Է϶ʱ¶Ũޱȵɱ⣬ȻǶЩļһǸоޱȵ
ҶоǿߵϢкǶ϶ԷҲһ߼ͨ޶ѣӿ϶ǶԷԵĲֱӣǿߵֱ
ӵŭȵ
ϣ
Ҷüͷ΢΢𣬻Ȼδ֪ԼȻҲһ챻˵ϣ
˵Ѿָ£γҶݺݵ˹ȥ

ҶĳȻ˦һľ˲ĽԷĽݿݲĴɢˣҶ˭һλʦƷ۷ǿߣĹתϹŻĵĴ֮ʿĹ£ͨһ
Ǿƶɵı޷סҶοĻǶԷһǽ
˰ľȻڴɢ˶Է֮󣬾ȻԸӿ񱩵ٶȺݺݵسӴȥ
Ұ׳۵ɫʱĴ䣬ʼʱûע⵽ڸܵǰֻޱȵľ֮ޱȵʶǰһﲻһϻļһǳԵĻͻ
ǾҪмܵʱǿֲľȴѾԥĴϡ

֮Ѹٵƻ˶ԷȫҽٵĴ飬ĶԷһһŰľѾԿƵˡ
䣡
Ѫ껺ɢڿв䵽˵ϣٵ̲Χֲ
֮꣬ɫʱݺݵس鴤һ£ǲ԰׵ʱѾøӵĲҰ
ǿߣ
ǿߣ
һһʲô£һһʿǿߣǿǿˡ
ÿµļһﰡҾ֪˿ȥǰ׳գһǶǿˡ
Ļʱҿʼ֮Աⷴ޳ļһʵ
ҶȴԺЦҰ׳۵ʵЩίΪ̫СҶˣڽԼ֮󣬾Ȼ׼ĹˣԼһֱǵǰ֮ŷӦ˵ʱϸˣҲǵԭ
ļһ
ԶǿǷ۷۵ƲƲ͵˵ǶҶȴʼ;
ϾܹĶǿߣÿһ˶ǾĶ֣Сĵõİ취
ǰȥһ·ѾûҶˡ
˴Լǧ׵ĳ̶֮Ҷȴ֣ԼȻûҵ̷ǳ
ѵ˵һΣղɣ
ǺܿҶȴԼͷΪߵʵС෴ǺǿȻʿǿ㲻ǿģƾǵݣһһЩģĻĿ൱Сټ˶ʿĳ̶ȣһϣǾˡ
ȻѵҪǾʹ˵˲ɣ
һ׳˶Լǽ׳ֱ۲˵Ͽ˹ޱȵĻһֱŰϢҲǺڸǵıţΧԲʮ׵ķΧûκεͼ롣
Ҷȴûһ㣬ǰļһľҶһ˵Ͳȥںˣĳһ»һɽ֮ԷȻȥޱȵײУԸȴһ֮ˬϢ
Ȼһֺˬ֮ȻǰҪܹӮȡԷĺøС
ߣСӣĵӲСȻҿҡ
תҶ˵
˵ӱϵļԵøӵĺһЩϷ·ǿͼһĻƣü֮Ҷ쿴൱Ƿıһֻ쳤ХİӲǵģ
ǿƣ⵹ҶĺøһεежҲǸӵĿ϶ˡ
Ŷѵ˵ĳƲɣǺʯһ
ҶϴЦ˵
˵Ҷȴʼ
СӣȻҰԽϾ
ӵ˫Ŀвɵ¶һĨ⣬ʱ·Ǳóһֻһ㣬˫ĿҲ漴ĻûɫĹâ
ˡ
еѹֿʼޱȵҶӵΧγһӣΪӵԸ˵վߵҲ٣Ͽ˽ϾҲô
׳հ׳գȻǸͬ˼һļһϾ𣿡
ΧǿǷ׷׵ЦѣӡͼΧŲٵĶѵĲ֫Ҳѹ˻롣
Сӣʵ
ܿƽˣҶͶԷɵȻ֪ʱƴȫػĿ±ˣ΢Ľ֮󣬱˲ջơ
Ҳ
ҶЦ˵
仰֮϶ʱ¶˵Цݣ

ӳҶơ
Ҷ죡
ž
ôļ򵥣νĹ飬νĳʼʱֻ֡˳ۣ
Ҷ죬һˣһ಻˳Уļһ˲Ѿøд
ӱɳΪûʲô˼ڿӻСЩһﰡǲ֪Ǵôġ
ٴεظһղŵĻ
Ҷ첻ɵú˵
ʲô˼
ָԶһƬߵĵط˵
ղɫȻ䵽档мһոһƴĽȥˣû֮󣬱㴫ޱȵĽ
Ҷ˫Ŀ΢΢һУѸٵĳԶȥֻǿȥߵĵطȻϵشӵرðɺ֮
ֵطޱȣӿĳڲϵðŵѪڹżƵļأ˵Ӳ²ûдĻӦһ׻֮أ
׻֮أʲôط
Ϻ¶˼ɵ֮ɫ˵
ν׻֮һޱȿֲĵط˵γɵ൱Ŀ̣Ҫɼ֮˵ѪҺΪҩһĴڣȻ󽫾ǧŰپʮŮѪҺΪеļƷһ㣬ϵѪҺУĳֿµطŻγɣһγ֮ǿֲɷֱǿֲޱȣȻеãǹżûмأֻǾ˵ޱǿɷǣطصӺ׻֮ޱȵĽӽӦִˡ
ǧŰپʮŸټһ֮Ĵڣǿʮ򰡣ǺεȲб֮˻˵ֲķ
Ҷ¶˾֮ɫ˵ȴҲһ˿޷ڸǵŭ⣬ȻǶ̵ֲַޱȵĵִ
ҶĸԼǰеļȻǶֶλִĺܣҲ˻ڽʱ˭Ҳûз׻֮صɺ֮ƺøӵŨ


125 ʥļ
ĻǸ޷뵽еġ
Ҷε˵
ȷʵˣֲϢӵǻ궼ʼɼĿ̶ֲȸжôҡ
˻ڽʱͻȻһϤӰȻĴԶɳ۶ҶĿ൱ĺã׵ر㿴˶Էӣڿ֮ɫȴ΢΢һ䡣
ǳ
һװӲ̷ǳֻ˭ڿҶ̷֮ǳ϶ʱ¶˼ɫѸٵĳ
ֻڿ֮΢΢һ䣬Ƿ·뵽ʲôһ㣬һĴæĶҶ˵
죬㣬ˡ
Ҷɫɵ΢΢һ䣬ɿʵ
˵㡣
̷ǳһѵץסֱۣ¶ޱȿЦɫ˵
Ǳ߱˵ɡ
һԵʼ˵
ʲôѵ˵Ұæġ
Ҷĵ˵ͷҲȥܾ˵
ߣͬȥ
̷֮ǳɫɵ΢΢һ䣬ֱ仯ǹأƺڼɵʲôһ㣬ʱȴǿеڸסԼֱ仯ɿǰ·
·̷ǳЦ˵
˳꣬һﲻ֪ʲôԭ߾ۼ˲ٵǿߣҲ߼Ʒ۷̶ȣǲֵĺͶԷĦģû뵽һͬڿ֮󣬾Ȼޱȵȥ֮㿪ʼˡ
Ҷ컺ص˵ͷ
ˡ
̷ǳЦѵ˵
ǵģǳ߾ȻʿƷ۷ǿߣ޷㶨Щһˣһļһ͵Ϯ֮ʧȥս˵æӳͼҵһЩ֡
Щʲôط
̷ǳЦѵ˵
Էʵ͸Ѿ˽⵽˶ԷĿĵˣֻҪǰŵõĻԵаտҵ
Ҷĵ˵ͷͻȻĺ˵
˵ǳϵǵ˺ۺõĻǺܿ찡ҵҩۻеˡ
̷ǳһ㶣ȴҶƺ⣬Ц˵
ǰҲҩۣĻǵûٵˣεԽ֮һȥһ
ҶЦ
;ͲˣֻҿһĿͿˡ
һ̷֮ǳɫʱĺݺݵһ䣬¶һĨǿޱȵ΢Ц˵
˵ʲôأϽ߰ɣ൱Σա
ҶЦ
ǰ൱Σգ˵ҲŻҪĸ㶨㰡
˵ҶȻĳŶԷݺݵ̤һ
һĳ̶ȣ̷ǳǰҶȴ·˲俪ʼ׳޵
һΡĸɽһ㣬Ϣʱ̷ǳ岻Ŀʼȥ
ι·ǲͨġ
̷ǳıһش̷֮ǳɫʱĿ䣺
ʲôʱ򡭡ÿĶ
ԭҶߵģǴ˾Ȼ˲䲻źۼ˶Էʵȫĳ̷ǳԤϡ
Ҷ죬ʲô˼㺦ˣɲҪһҲȥǿΪˣС£̷̰֮ǳⱲǲмںΪġ
žžž
ҶĴ¶˳֮ɫ˵
µ˶ǲɫȵʶʵΪ侪Ȳѣǲ˼ǣ̷ǳϸûܹˣӵ̸ҩһ˵
һʱ̷ǳɫʼޱȵѿϵļⶼΪ֮鴤ѣ
ʲôʱֵġ
ޱȵıȴ͸ղŵ̷ǳǽȻĲͬ
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̷ǳڵ¶ɫ΢΢ϴ궯˼֮Ż˵
ǳΪ֮ӵĴڣҶǺܲ
ҶЦ˵
Ȼһһ㲻̫ףӦҲǳ˰ɣ֪ĻǳӦѾΪˣܻɷѿĵݺˣ˵Һ㵽˭ˡ
ӲϵĴ궯֮Ȼһź͸ղŽȻͬģ
ǧþҵǧþΪܹʶҵ˻δ֣û뵽Ȼ㣬˭ˣǺǣðɣҲ޷ǴڹʥˣǵǹͿʼо˺ܳʱ䣬ǿĴڣȻоĸӳףҵֻһǱǽЩǱһһɱֻҪˣ˵˵һĪİԱѾʮʿǿˣûϵǵҾȻ˵ı
ߺߡôĵӰǻΪҴ˲֪𣿡
ͻȻһȻĴ֮һֲľȻĴ˳ǧþδӦʱ򣬶Է徹Ȼ˲г롣
˭
Ҷɫʱһ䡣
ǴάߣҶǰɣܺãһʥѾˣлһݹͣϷΪסģ͸һϢѧԺˣҲǱץˣ·߱㶫һƬ֣Ϊ֮ɡ
˾ȻӰδ֣ȵǻ֮һƿĳ֮һѸٵ뿪ˡ
ô𣿡
൱ˬ˵϶Ҷȴޱȵľ
û뵽˼˵ݰ
ҶЦ˵
ķӦҲ
໥Ķһ֮󣬶ʱЦ
Ц֮ٴε˵
ôڴΣ
Ҷ΢΢ĸԼָ˵
ȻǴˣǾֻһ˵ԽͣҶѧԺȷʵǱ˸ץˣһҪһ³ˣôʱһֱݺңߺߣܺð
˵ҶѾʼñʱݺԼ˶ˣԼڤ䣬µĻԼǻܲҵġ
Ȼ˵ĻҰ㣬ҲֻǳģЩνĻ֣ҵǲôں
ҶĹ˹֣Ц˵
ˣȵ֮Ⱦơ


126 ͼ
Զʱ˫Ŀ¶⣺
ٺ٣ǿɾ͹ˡ
˵ѾǴָٵĳƬгȥ
˰׵ĳ̶֮Ҷɫȴʼ仯ؼȻǰ˰ҵĳ̶֮Ȼֹͣ
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ҶĻشûзĵͷ˵
Ҳģ֮еĶ֣ûһǧҲа˰ٵĳ̶ˣϡ٣˵س̶Ҳ൱ǿģȻ˵ĻܹΪ׻֮صĽݾҲûпܵġȻǽݾĻǷǻǺжϵġ
ͻȻȻָǰĵ˵
㿴ʲô
Ҷɫɵһɿĳǰȥ䵽˵ĵطֻһƬĳƬڿⳤ۵Ƭ֮Ҷɫȴʼޱȵ
ôˣ
Ҷɫ̫Ծæʵ
ƬҵĳϵģҲ˵ȷʵǱֻǲ֪ΪʲôȻûټˡ
ǳҶ͸ģȻԼ·Ҷ൱ǰһƬĿյϷϵĿʼչûʲô·εȥж϶Էȥ
ȷǳǴѵ𣿡
ͻȻ¶һĨصɫ˵󲹳
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ҵĹͼڣҴеؼٺ٣ǵһʱٻأһʱҵʵϵҺҵʵһĶԵȡٺٺ٣Ӻþò˰
ѵõ¶һޱȵıɫľ˵
ҶǶʼ鴤γˣֻɫľǾȻȻĳŶԷһצȻצӻûǿֲľȴѸٵı˳ȥ

ңңģȴ˳֮Ҷ춼ʼѾǲŰȺá
ƨƨߵЦֺõ˵
ٺ٣ӰҲ㿴ôΣհټǱ֪ĴڣѱĻᱻע⵽ģӶҶԶǲġ
һ߶ԻһߵĳֳһŰΣҶֻԼĶͷðһŵĺߣȻжǵĳҲޱȾȵģܹԼһͬʵĻҲ˵һںͶԷʱ൱ˡ
ǵٶȿǳѸͱ˲СвܹԼɱﵷųȻǶҶѾû˽䱸ˡ
ľǣҶ첻ɵ뵽ԼСڣС׾֪ԣåƺԷ˵ӵܳԡ
ҿһ˴ǧʯ֮󣬽˳˯УԹԵĴڤû֮󣬻ֳ֪ٵء
ôɣҵһεչӰⲼɡ
Ц˵ĴҶнӹ˲ݸһƥһСľǰ
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߰ɣҵٶȿԸ㡣
ҶܾǱϵ룬¶һĨЦ˵
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û뵽Ҷ쾹ȻѡԼǰʱɵ¶ޱȹŹֵɫ
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ҶҲʾȻĵͺȵ
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͡
ڶıƲϵسҶϣǷıΪٶȹ֮󣬿ʼڿֻ˴Ħɵġ
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ֻһλų۵ʱڷɿĳǳǿֲٶȣǽĦԼޱȿֲ޲˵ŴھۼǺεȵĿֲ
˲Ҷֻ˭
ǰɣСҲ̫ı̬˰ɡ
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127 
һƬ޵ĿյϣԲǧ׵ķΧеһƬƬɺۼݹǣɺԵѪҺá֪Ķ桭ı״
ԶԶĿȥͷ·һ˼İǵһ㣬ѪȵϢϵƮΧֲֿϢԽغа
֮أ治ʱķĦ޵ľ׽һ˺ѵϢ
ĻĲ˵ģƫƫ˵Ĺأһգһʮ˻س
Ϊ׵һһŮˣǵıһֱֳеӣǹصⱳһȴǺǰһľ룬ƺںʲôһ㡣
˵ҶĻһԷݣΪһ˻϶ϤףΪ׵һһŮ̷ֱǳǵı˷ֱǳꡢպޡԼİףǴɢϢЩһʵҲȻ໥һּɵͽ䱸֮˵ǲһ֧ŽĶ顣
꣬ȷطĿͨ׻֮𣿡
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պЦֹĶųȻǶһ˵ͬʱƺǺĳֹʶеӣҲʼ΢΢ĲһԲϱ㿪ʼֵ̬
ôպޣΪҵʲôԵʵ㣬һڽ֮ÿһѾ趨Ĵﵽһĳ̶ȣεģڽ뵽֮֮ұ㶼ѾҪһжѾˣҵʵѾﵽʿƷĳ̶ȣҼҴġ󷨡ҲẦЩѾﵽʿƷ۷ǿߣǴҲҵָӣߺߣˣһɢôֿɡ
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Ľе
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ߺߣ꣬ñǮǸŮˡҺϲ˵ðɣ˷ѵ
˵ʱһһ˫۾ҲޱȵѲţǿΰмֵ֮ĸоɵ嶼·ܵ˴̼һĿʼ
ЫٵŮ˹㻹㰡ѾвٵŮˣŮȻǼƷҿĳǺ֮壬ŮޱȵĺҲһȥԭ֮һһƨ
Ȼ̷ǳֱӵľñǿеĸӵĲ
ݺݵٴεĿһ֮ΪЫٴε¶ɨ˵ɫȻ뷨ҲϾʲôʱʲôطǿƼƷŮˣµԼ˵Σޱȱ־ģΪʱһĳۣ߶εҡҷеĻһ·ǵвٵĶɫʼоܵĺܡ
ˣ߰ɣ̷ǳõʵ㣬ǿԵĻǻǿԻռ˵ģǲúúĻǵȴǵĽֻһ
ǰ̷ǳ국˵ޱȵıӰ֮ȴʼЦ
ߣŮˣǻܱЩˣҵļƻǾԵûдģǵĽҲֻһ
պ޺ѪĶ˼ۣҲȺ΢΢ĵ˵ͷ
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ȻŮȥ̽·ǹİ
Ҷ΢΢ĵ˵ͷʱߵֻΪӵľѾû˿Ƣ
Ǿ䣬ȲҪ֡
Ҷ쵭˵Ȼʱʱõġ


128 ׹ħ
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ųǱĺ̷֮ǳɵÿʼǰȥ
̤һƬصĵ֮󣬶ʱһĿֲʼ˰Χ˹ȥȷе˵ǳΧȥ
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ȻЩǲܾʹ˵ķŹԼģֻһߵĿҲǾԵĲġ
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ЩһǵҪʲô
ǲˬ˵˵ԵĻĺͶԷսһΣӵԼ뷨ȻǲʵģʵȻǿ󣬵ĻԵаոɵеκεһˣЩһϿǿֲޱȵıϾԼͼڣһٻĻԵĿͬʿǿ߶սһޣΪǹͼڱһǿǵĴڣʵϻ˼άϸĲҪġ
ǳЩһǾۼһʮˣÿһ˵ʵʿĳ̶ȣ˼һʦԿϿҲ൱ѵġ
ĻЩٻûбֳ˿ɱ⣬Ȼҵͬ黹ôӦñν׻֮صĽݾʼҸоͺڲϵǿУģһӦ͸ó׵ģû뵽ŵȴ㱻ľ档
Ҷݺݵ˵ȻǶԼʧΪΡ
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²ֹһĿƺôļ򵥡Ҷ쵭˵
ҶȴʼⳣεĵõϢģǹͽҶܿȴʼ˵ǹͽĻԷԼˣΪʲôҪǳء
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Ϊ֪ԷʵΣ˵ĴڳֵʱûȥԼľУʮʿǿһĽǿ˾ֵǿ
ǵصЩ׹ħ΢΢һ٣һĺ֮󣬶ʱһȻĴǵ˳
Уе·˲䱻ɢˣҲˣҲĿ׹ħӡ
ͨ֩ȽϣЩ֩ɫɭɭ׹ǣǵıϾȻһİ׹ͷ󣬿ȥȿֲޱȵĲпᡣ
ϱѰ֩Ҳ˲СÿһֻϴСǵ϶ֻޱȵɭɭİ׹⣬˿ȥһ־η뷨
е˳ֵʱЩ׹֩ϾȻҲ˱仯ӿУǵǱֻаƴСɫͷȻɿĿʼٶȼ첻˲ʱѣЩ׹ǱѾǵȫİΧ
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͡
ֲɵĴǵϣǹصȴˣЩ׹֩徹ȻȫƾЩǿǵĽԼıϣɭɭɫͷԵԽĹ
Ҳʱ˭Ҳûз֣ǵıǵѸٵĳһƬ۵¡𣬶Ѹޱȵһץס̷ǳĽŸûеȵǷӦ㱻˵桭


129 
ռ䲻ϵŤܱŷһķâϵǵͿռתиĺۼ
ĹâЯŲͬԵʼĽٽ
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һİɫ֩˿߿ʼŶԷ˹Ұ׹ħҲڵĽӽˡ

һùļһָϱ֩˿Ժǰ׹ħͬһ㣬ɿĽ֩˿Чɵ˶Էָϣһҧȥ
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Ĳҽ֮󣬾˵һĻȴˣֻϣɫȻѸٵĴӽ¿ʼźɫĳ֮°Ҳ˵Ŀʼʧˡ
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˵պ޵ֱѾݺݵذ˵ϣŵϰѵŤ֮󣬶ʱĴԪʼĹâĽеİ׹ħΧ

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ǷƵȴû˸оκεһ̴ҵɫȴı仯ֻЫȻɿָһһˮһĹâȻѸٵĳǰȥѼĻ΢΢Ťһ¡
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ߣƺӣ㻹ĺܰҿɴĶû˵ûΣգûΣյĻҪһԼ߽ȥĶҵģһҪõ𣿵ҿ˵ΣԵıȽϵıһЩҲǵһҲһϮˡ
ļɫҲƣպޣʱɫޱȵĲҰףȻǸղŵĽķĲϢŴصϢӻóһöɺɫĵҩ֮׽Ĺ̶ûбѸٵȥŵҩ֮ɫҲú˲١
ֻʱҲһĨ޷ŭ
ߣλһϵƣ˵ҲǣֻǸ˳ĻǸɴǿԻȥղ˵ȫȥֿĻˣڻǷ蹷һҧˣ˷ʱѡ
һ˵ɫʼѿƺӣպȻûָգǴԼƵͱһ˵ľԼ
ˣҪˣѵ˵Ǿûз˵ʲô𣿡
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ץһѵĵҩ֮鴤ĶУҶɿľ׽˼£ȥ
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½пҲѾͱܹ˰Եɵҩ˿ͱֲը塣


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Ҷ˴ĵҩ֮ϢɿĻָ˹һԲ˵ɵðԴ̬
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˭ҪȥģǵģѾöɫ˵һξǵˣϾĳƺʵ̫ѣû뵽ȴڰ˳
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˵̷֮ǳֻεĿЦ
ΪҵʵУԲűЩ쵰֣ҿˣû˻Ļܲҵġ
΢΢תתҶʼѸٵĻתԭĳ״̬֮ɫҲԽԲ
оҶϢָ֮ٴεİԸ̾һ̬
˵ƣ֮ҶȻĳѸٵĴȥһޱȵζʼ̷ǳС
ܿҶҵϵĽ̷ֹǳĽֹ൱ɣܿҶҵĴڣǡת֮ЧȻĿԽ˲Ĵ顣
ıЩ鷳ˡ
̷ǳǰ·֮ҶָȻڶԷǽϵ㶯˼֮һʼСĵ뵽УϾǵһʹԼ˵ڣҪ޷ڸǣֵСһЩ
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УҶ㷢ӡѾ޵ĽӽڶԷǻ԰֮ˡ
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131 ӡ
ѩɫС㣬ľһְ͸״̬ѡõķıϺõĲϣֲȻ˵ޱȵȴһЩ͸״̬Ҷ춼Ҫػ԰ˡ
ǺѹѹɫҶﻹ֪ʲôʱ˵ĺҲڿʼô


ʱгŭ֮ⶼʼһ΢ĿˣϾһŮһϤӿԼ֮أȻ˵ǰڸǵģֿЧһЩ˵ֱԿ
΢΢Ŀ֮Ҷ첻ɵðһæ˵
Բ𣬶ԲҲǹġ
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Ǿʱһ˼޵ĸоȻָϴд΢΢ʪоʱҶȻһ١

С̲סһдҶвɵһʱʼоԼתٶȶʼ÷ʪĸоԼĽдҶô֪ܲԼղŴʲôط
֣ݺݵסҶָĽŵԼС棬˵
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ʱѾ˼ޣԼһŮӾȻһİ˵ǰﵽĵһλ״̬κεһ϶޷ܵġ
Ҳ෽ֵᷢģϾǱ˫Ŀġ
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Ͼİȫûжٵıϣϴӵʱ֮Ҳæĸϵ˶ѨС
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ΪѾָˣͨһε֮ĴܿıٴεĵɽµĲΡ
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ҶǽһưΪӹȥˣĻԷƺΪֲݵӡ
ȻҶ첻ڵ״̬ղҶĶָҺ壬ﻹ֪Էʲô뵽ԼҺ徹ȻҶ˵ţֱ߷뷨
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ⶾЫĻ֮ƺӵҲ¶൱ӣĵܵˣޱȵίΪֹһ˿ĺôû̵
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Ҷ⡮ʥ֮󣬲ɵú໥ĶһۣĶӶԷп𾪺ϲɫ


133 ռʥ
ûΰɣﾹȻšʥ
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ҶҲһ㵵˵Ϊ˵ĶãȫΪ⡮ʥʵ̫ˡ
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ǧµĴ֮⡮ʥЧȻ޷ģ˵ǿ˷ȥ֮԰׹ĴڣֻҪ㻹һڷ֮󣬱˲Ļָȫʢʱڡ
ڳ˵ٸֻСΪ˵ЧҲҪ޵ϣ޷ʳ֮Ч˵ϵ֮ǿ˵˵ѸٵĴﵽһµĳ̶ȣٶȼӱ˵ΪֲĻǿ˲ͻһȼĳ̶ȡ
ҶΪҪĻ⡮ʥǡʥĸ
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ֻҪޣֻҪҪԼʵǱıǲϵĺ԰ĹҲⲻ˻˵ˣ⡰ʥĸ֮˵ߵһֲĳ̶ȣϢĳ̶ȣһղſԻָƣȴֻһСʱʱָˣеĲࡣ
ǵǲǿڶԷǰ潫⡮ʥõĻͻƵڵƿ⡮ʥԷֳ꣬ҳֻԷʳһ꣬ٺ٣
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˵ֻҪûнĳ̶ȣ˭ԷʳûʧȥеļֵѹЩһɼǳ⡮ʥġ
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ʱҲʼñǴ˵еġʥ֮ﻹȥӳŭʱΪĵĻԼǷֵܹԼһݡ
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˫Ŀ΢΢һУ˵
һҿҲһ׳һˣܹԼõĶ˵Ĺ˵ĻȻҲǲܵģοݾƺҲûжٵΣգһ˵ĻҲԸ㶨ģΪʲôҪôأ
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һһٶ׸ߵʯڣӲʯڱ渲һһĺıԵ䰻Ȼ
ʯڵ·һƬ̴ֲ̣֪Ļľ̺죬ٻޣһ΢΢紵ҷӭ˶ʱĿ
龰ޱȹغа׻֮˵൱ĺǿǶһҵĴڡ
һ̽׵ľ޴ɽĩˣһĴ̹ľ׳ţϼҫԡ֮µڶˣһŽɫĹϣ͸һƢķҷ㣡
ʱһ̰ĶöɫĹʵһϵ̰֮ɫ޷ڸǵı˳
ʥǡʥ
ʱġʥûг죬ǴǲϵؿʼųǳҲǲԶˣǧŻһεĹʵ
ڳ˲ɵøоԼ඼ѾڲĶ
ʱҶҲĿʥݣξͺϵһĴЦһ㣬㱻Ķ̴̰ʵɫɫ
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ʱĿѹ֡Ϣ˱˴໥̷սⰵӿû̶䣬˶ڵȴʥһɲǡ
ÿһ˶þĿעΧԼԵͬ飬Ҳ˺ܴĽģϾ˭Ҳ޷Ԥϣھ޴ǰ˭ܹһƽ̬

һ΢΢֮󣬳Ҳ漴˵ǰʱҲǿһ֮ٴεĽԼĿ⿴ǡʥ
ԽԽǿˣ˵Ҳʼ¶˵ĽͼɫǧŻһΰ˵һĪĻԵû˻ʱȥҲû˻ʱܱԼ侲
ϢϵǿƲϵرպ޺Ҳʼ΢΢
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ߣЫ˻õĵĶҺ֮⻹бֶҪҲĻҲ㣬ҷ㡣
ƺӲЦ˵
ЫͻȻĶŶԷ˫Ŀ˵
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ڴһں仰˼ʱͻȻһĲҽȻĴƺӵ﷢˳
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ƺӵڵϵ岻ϵس鴤ţָǺݺݵָǶЫǸӿֲȴˣֻʱɫͻȻıޱȵǺ죬ͲĿʼſ
ţʲô
ð֮󣬲ٵ˽ס


134 
ֻƺӵﾹȻðֲֻޱȵĺɫЫӣڶԷϷĻһ˿ޱԵѪ⡣
ӿʼʱұöЫѣߺߣû뵽Ȼʱóˡ
仰֮ڳ޲оһ⣬һﾹȻԼ޷ʱ˶ٶȼֱǳ޷ġ
ʱƺȻĵֿȴˣǿֲЫ治ˣǵĿֲҲѾ뵽ȫ£޷ˡ
뵽⡮ʥԼǰԼȴûа취õޱȺͲĵǶ˲䣡
ЫĿΧ˼ۣû˵ĶȴΧ˲Ŀʼ
ЫмЦ˼ûȥͣʵⶾЫҲôŪģ˵ʵ˵Ҳǲ£ҲҴ⡣
Ȼ˶Ыǲȥ͵ģƺá
տʼԽصʱͻȻһȻ

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ʥ΢΢ڲϴ֮ɫĴֲǾͬ˹һ㿪ʼϵضһɹˬζڿ漴ɢ
ڳ˵ĵһӦʥҪˣڶӦעΧˣԷ˳ᡣ

ѾչΪؼʱ̣˶˽أһɹɿҰǿӿϢ˵С
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ǼΪ⣡һĨ˵ĲҪܹʥʵĻ֪кЧ
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պޣʲô˼ҲҪֹҴģѵ˵Ҫ˵ɣǣûҵĻǸҵġ
漴¶˿׳һĿⶢŶԷһ˵ȷʵûĻǻ޷ҵӵĲҪ˵ǵõʥˡ
ȴһֿ׳յһֱڼԼļƻ©ļһ׳գʵǹ׳յġ
ʲôطڷ֮ȣڸԣ
лʲôӵ˵ģĿǡʥǿޱȵĴ˭Եֿסеǿοֻ֮һֿͷϵĺϵȻڳ˵仰ʱǲŷԭһĲһ׳ա
ߺߣ꣬Ӧ൱֮ԻҲһ໥õĹϵɣʵڽ֮ѾԤϣļƻмǽݾĻҲӦûŲСΣգǳǰ׹ħ֮⾹ȻûκεΣգ˵ŻʧߵģǶ˵⡮ʥҲǸõ֮ΪʲôҪ
ߺߣܺãպĻ˵ĻǸɴడʥԷֽ֣û뵽Ǵ֮ҾȻһƬòȻ˵ĻֻһˡòҪڣ
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ڳ˶ʱͬһ뷨
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ʱʮƿѸٵĿʼĦſı
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赲ļһһҵľ꣬ʱֳһһŭĺ
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ѪȻǺպһģʱѸٵĺպ໥һ𣬷ޱȵĳŶԷϮ˹ȥ
СˣյСˣԭһˡ
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׸ߵ趯ǳ׳̶ȵľ޴ȴһ޷İԵϢ
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ܵ˶ԷǿֲϢ֮ѪҲûţȻһƵצ
צϸޱȵĸ˿ϵȻڿ϶˲ٵķ㡣
˲ĿʼûҲ˭ҲûзʱһλµϢĿʼʥ߶ȥԷޱȵĹô˾Ȼ޷ע⵽жǳȴ¶һĨޱȵЦ⡭


135 ͽ
׹צ
ѪȻŭһǺ˵ıˡ
еһöƵĸצ··ǻ˹һ㣬ȻĽ彡׳ļһĴţ
͡
ѪҺɽУ϶ʱ¶޷ŵɫΪǰһ޴ѷ컺ðѪҺ

һѵ쳹ڵһѪ·Ȫһ㿪ʼŶ˹ȥ
ž֮ѪҺ
Ѫ¶ޱȷ֮ɫЦ˫Ŀжʼ¶ЩɺζϾȻȻðӭŶԷǻѪȻץס˶ԷǾҪµ壬ҧ˶ԷĲϣ漴̰ޱȵ˱
ѪޱȵѪѪ˱УһɺʼΧ忪ʼתЩȻֲޱȵ漴ŵϵѪҺ
ֳ
¶ЦݣеӣҲٵĻûӣȻİΧס˶ֵ壬Щӣɷޱȵ۳ģһ֮ǿֲޱȵ˺֮Ҳʱ˸оеĿֲһʱʱҲԷһ˺
˭
ͻȻһŹޱȵŭͻȻĴ˳֮ʱе˶ʼעֻһλ۵˫ֱķ¶ޱɫǰǼҪεʥʱﾲɢ˵
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Ы¶˷ŭ֮ɫĺ
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ģһԵһ֣Ϊʲôһûע⵽һļ룿
պ޵¶˷ɫ
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պ޵ɫʼޱѿĹޱصģΪ׽˶ѲǰһȴԼޱȵϤһ㣬һӾ͵ԼĴڡ
ʵĲһ˿ӵеġ
ǵȴŭޱȣԼ֮±˳Թ̹Ϲ飬Թ֮¿൱صģħ˿Լ֪֮⣬δ֪ȴһƣεܵסΧֱӵпʼŤ
ı鿪ʼϳ鴤ޱȣ
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͡
ǿֲıϵس֮󣬶ʱһҵĽѸޱȵĻڵĽһǿγ˰׵ĳ̶ȣҽҲʼΪʵĽ
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ӵʱȻһ䣬ϸǳһֲĹѺۼ
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һ΢ı֮ϾȻǿе鿪һƬһĶ˵Ҳ˾ޱ䡣
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ʦǿ߰ģӵĻԳԱñһɱɾˣʱǳõĺôġ
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ҲδӵģͽǴʦǿߣڵ黹պߵˣЩһǶеţǿޱȵʵʮȴѾﵽʿƷƷ۷ʵ˳Ǵͣħǰϴڵ֧ţûĲʵǿڱֵ֧ĻϿ϶֪ı֮
˵ŵʱǰĵȴȻĴһֲ𶯡
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ͽĳȻĻһ㣬ɿչʮ׵ĳ̶ȣǿֲĳҲѸٵΧ˵˹ȥ
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Ȼһֻ޴ޱȵͻȻʱγ˿УɫĿѵ֮Ѹٵĳ˵Ͼѹƶȥ
ÿֲ
Ҳ̲סĸ̾


136 Ϯ
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һֲľ죬涼˵ѿһ׵ķ϶һʿļһΪ棬ʯĲĦʱĲҽҲ漴ĳˡ
պ޺ʵͬҲǳ͵ģ˵ʵϾֻһʿĳ̶ȣѾﵽƷ۷壬Ǳǹϵħϰ˹صĹڴʦǰƺҲ𲻵á
ͽСǧֳ֮˵ĽǱǿеĵֿסˣǾ޴ҲѸٵĽĴѹ˵ϡ

оǿݵµĵֿ֮ͽƺҲԸֵĺĵϵٴμӴ˽֮Ľߵʹ˵˦˳ȥ
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ΰɣǴʦǿ߸ĲǳصģôڶԷȡʥ
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ȷԼ϶
ȻЩͷԣȴ֪Ҷ첻˺ԼĵɢԼĹͼڸٻ˳
ǿֲոճֱȻĳһٵ˺ҧȻǶڸղżıߺǲ
˳ˡӣܿк³ˣûʥǿǺöϵǾˣʱҽеһ㡣ɵøҿɾܰǿǴʦǿ߰
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ٺ٣꣬ͽǵ̴öǲİǲɵǰҲøһľϲ
˵ҶóһɫĲɿĽԼ沿ΧʱҶԵĲὫԼʵĿ¶ģϾӵĻԼһţҲɽԷз͵͵ĳ̶ȡ
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ȷԼĴԻѵ𣿡
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൱ѣ׼ɣӣ͵ųʥɡ
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սôʱ䣬ȴɵ޷ǰһ㶨ͽеƺͷŭֱѾǴﵽ˶壬ʱеŭҲ޷Ƶı˳
漴˫ȻٴεĴһֲľžıŷУǷޱȵѾ˻ޱȵպ޺£ޱȵı˳ȥ
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

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͡
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ڵѾ˵ͷۻˣﻹܹȥֵϵѪ⡣
ߺߺߡպޣ飬˵ģҵļƻĶû˵©ǵĴΪ̽·ʯģĻΪһݾȴҲӦûвСѺΣյģڿĻ֮ˣʵ֤ûκεΣգҵʧߣҵһֱһλʦǿߣεĸ᣿
㡭㡭ȿȿȣΪʦĴڣֻܹһֽͲܹ͵ͨǴ֮ˣһеļ࿼ߣѵ˵Ͳ±˷žһεԣܱ˵ļ̤
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Ыĺ
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һҲ֪˶Է˼漴Ѹٵɢȥ
˭
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Сң
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Ǻصݺݵش˳
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ҶָһʱʥҲʹ˵УѸٵķֳ꣬˻δӦʱҶȻóȵ
꣡
δȵ˷ӦʱʥȴѾ˽ˡ
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ͽ¶ޱɫҶ죬ŶԷеİȻĳҶץ˹ȥ
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ҶЦЦм˵
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ˢ
ǾֵУһɫȻҶȻϷȥ
ͷȥһĻ֮󣬲ûӵɳ
һѹôŰӣûˣǸϽӰɡ
Ҳʱ򣬹ͽҲӳ˹ѸٵĳҶȥǾʱһֲȻĴӵϴ


137 ׻֮飡
ʲô
ڳ˳ѾԶԶ֮⣬֮޲¶˾ޱȵɫ
ֲ޲Ŀֲ
һֻޱȵצӻشϻ©צ֮Գ֮Ϊ©ȫΪצӱʵ廯ǽҺ̬֮
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ʱҶѾԼĸо鲻̫ǾҪʱͻȻһǿϢȻȻĽѹ˹
ڳ˾ȻǿޱȵϢѹ
⡭ʲô
һֱ̩ɽһĳ̲סĺҶĳ֣ĳ֣һеһƺҲ˵ѾƿطΧˣڲڳЩߣһʥûеõֱһַ̣Īķ̡
ÿµϢֱǹһĿֲ
Ҷ岻Ŀʼ⵹Ϊں£ΪѾʼΧĿռȫγһֲ״״̬岻ĲЧ
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޴񱩵֮ʱѾʼشдʱһֲֿ˼޵Ҳ漴ĲеƺʱѾһĤޱȵĸо
ָоҶ΢΢ĳ֮󣬱Ѹٵʧˣԥȫһֻ޴צϣ˵ڵҶûзֵԼϵ쳣
һŹصĹâӵϱ˳ҹâҲڲϵǿǿΧǿֲޱȵԪ·ǲҪĿʼǰҶ컹ΪԼԪٶѾǿˣĻԷٶȱԼ˵ֹ𰡡
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â֮ڣһͷͷӴ۽գ̾ᣬӴϣһֺɫĹ棬ڼ䣬Ŀռ䣬߳Ť֮СΪδȫĳ֣޷֪ԷȣǼˣҶȴɵĸоԼѾܲסĲ
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ͽǳһƨɵ˵ϣ¶޷źͽٺӡ
ǡʲôðԵϢÿֲ˿ֲϢĲѰ˿ԷģҲУѵ˵ǸһԣӵĿ£ǶԷ˵ǿĻǸĲܱһβɨеģҲ˵һܿĳֿµ似вҪֲĹ
뵽֮󣬹ͽϲɵ¶һḬ̃ɫⳣӵ׻֮صǿ󣬶֪׻֮ǳ׻֮ĻǱʾѾﵽΪֲĳ̶ˣֻҪ׻֮һ뿪Բǧ׵ķΧжĵȼ˵Ĳв
뵽ļһʥĹʱ̰Ѿ·Ƕҩһ㿪ʼڹͽȼ
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ⳣǾֵУȻȻĴﳯ˽ȥĿıǡ׻֮أ


138 ӳ

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ҶȻ߿裬ʱƿյҲ漴ĳ֡
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Ȼĳһ޴ѷ죬漴һ޴ޱȵɺɫҲ漴ʼȻĳҶıһѾﵽ߰˰׵ĳ̶ȣҶЩνͶԷȽϵĻҲʵ֮
һƬƬʵʵ۲ϵط˿µĹâԷһԷ·ѪɵʱǳҶ忴˹ȥ
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еƺҲΪĳֶӺͱ쳹һͬǾһĻڿռвϵŤҷΧһУ֮Ȼռγһֲѹ״̬
ǿֲĿϢҲɿҶע⣬ǵŤͷȥ֮Ƕʼ̲סĳ鴤
ðͲΪʲôҪʥ𣿡
Ҷ̲סıֿںǶԷĻȴûͣЪ˼ٶȲ죬ɫ϶Ѿ˰׽֮ɫ
׽ɫҪôǿ¶Ȳܹγ״̬
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ͷȥȻ޷еĳ̶ȣǴⱳǿֲ˼޵һƬҶ춼֪ԼһεǶôء
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ӵָȻĶ˻һɫӰʮָеĹâ˸ޱߵѹĹâȫĽΧԲǧ׵ķΧ
ϣޱ߿ֲѹͬһֲƴӵϱ
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139 ʮ
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һ֮׻֮Ҳ̲סޱȵĺһ󱻾޴Ĵ˵ǧ׵ȡ

ԪϵӵȴԽģ
ʱҪԼˣղĵʵ̫ˣĻԼҵӣΪȵģҪ˯ܳһʱ䣬һҪŬȥҿ㰡ǺǡУǼһﻹû׻֮ضҵĳֵĳ̶ȣ㡭ҪСģ
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һ֮Ҷеŭ˲Ĵﵽ˼ޣޱȵĿʼעؼԪƺΪŭʼ仯һȦȦɫƲϵڰתš
䣡

ҶŭѾ޷Ƶı˳Χǿֲ棬еѸٵĿʼ趯
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⡭öٵ֮Ϊʲôγ֮֮
ҶסľȵĽǺܿԺȴȻðһ뷨
׻֮أ׻֮صγһλ֮ŮΪеȻķѾǧŰپʮŸ˵ѪҺעУѵ˵ЩǴﵽʮ֮
Ҷϲ¶һĨЦ⣬ΪѾ֪ԼĻˡ
ʮ֮Ƕͨ˵궼ԿԴﵽһޱȿֲĳ̶ȣοĻΪĻӰѾ˼ĸı䣬£Щܹƽ


140 ʳ
Ҷ˵ɱ֮ˣȻе֮Ҳ㲻ǳ㣬Щ֮Ĳ䣬ȴ֪ԼĻˡ
Щ֮ʵԺͶԷа壬⵹ΪԼʵԷҪǿȫΪڽҶѾо˶Է֮ޱȵĵӣ˺൱أΪӵԵʣһѾû˸ղŵ̶ֲֿˣ˵ҶȷֻҪԼƿصĺһĲ⡣
ָ΢΢һʱһɹŨޱȵ֮ʼҶϷɿ˽ȥ
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е治ϵĿʼµ׵ĽԴӵĴеļ棬һĨصϺɫâϵ˸еķζҪͱޱĸо

ȻĸоǰһĴھȻʼϢޱǿʱ׻֮鲻ĿʼצϵҲ漴ССȻ䵽˵ϣелزУֲĽֱӵϲϵš
صĳڸסҶ˫ĿɺĹâȴ˫ĿвϵĿʼ˳ΧĿռзԲ׵ķΧֱӵγһ޴Уޱߵѹǿʼɢ
׻֮ص棡
ʿǿھؿ׻֮أȴҽȥΪڽ֮ΪܲסеѹͿֲ˲ı⣬ҲڴҶڿĶȴ޷Ѱöɫ
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Ҷ첻ͬаδƿصİӶδȫƿأ˵е˶ٵİҲ˵һȴɵģǱǶ֮ա
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ʱҶȻĳ̶ֳҲӿԼٶȡ
ھеĴ֮󣬽뵽ڵ֮ԭĵ֮һһַٶڲϵš
ԽԽǿԽԽֲҲǾӸڿն̬ʱ׻֮ѾʼԽ
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ⲻҶ챳Ǿ֮һѾˣκεһ޷һ˿һ塣
ǳǧ׳̶ȵʱѾϢѹҶеڲϵزţ׻֮ǰҶ·ǻһһ㣬ʱڲϵĥǸ໴м׵һ㡣
֮ԽԽ࣬ٳɶ֮֮Ҳʼһʵĸı䣬ԭǽҺֻ֮ʱѾʼԽĳ
ǿ֮Ĵ߶£ٵתҶʱƺǸо׻֮޷һ㣬ҲܿƵĿʼչڤóʥǶʥĹʵûںǽʥĸ˳
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ؽʥĸ֮󣬶ʱһɿɬдŨϢչˣȻ׽൱ѣҶڵݶԼǸҧ飬ǸҪҧ˲ٵ֮ҶŽȥ
ԣԡôʱʼʥĸˣ
һ֮ҶŸо˲Ծʱȴ޷ֹı仯һŨޱȵǿʼʱ򱬷
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ܺãܺõֶΣСӣԽҪɱˣֻҪõϵһУĴҶںġҶ죬ȥɣ

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ܺãҶ죬ҶԽԽˣǿĹ似ʣԼصı̬һٶȣʵҸеԾҲӵɱ뷨ˣʦߣʹʦĳ̶ȿһȼĲ࣬ղҴˣȴҪˡ
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оɱ֮Ҷȴû˿ĸоһ㣬ϵϵؿʼת
ΪĿ󣬶Ҷϵ֮ʱѾγҺ״̬״¶ԷɱҶ첻κε˺ͺ
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ԶĳΧһȦȦĹâ˸Уһ徹ȻȻһࡣ
ޱȵΧĵٴεѿһӾ޴ĺۼǿµ綼ƺҪΧĿռгƬһĿֲ
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Źâ˸Ҷ岻ıҷ˳ȥʱ˵ĽסһѪ
·һƤһ㣬Ҷɹų˳ȥӺòǱ
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Ҷ̲סĹͽȴЦ˵
ܾȰɣѣղŵӳʵֻʦƷĳ̶ȣڵҲǴʦĳ̶ȣʦϢĻҲǿĿԱ˽ܵģ˵㣬ǴʦĲȴǾԵĲģΪһֻֿܣһǴļǿʼͶųɫˣ˻˽ߺߣһֶ˵൱ģ˵ҿҪսپˣ
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һٵı֮󣬹ͽٴεʧˣʱҶ֮Ҳʼޱȵ
Բǧ׵ķΧһеĦ˲ȫĸϸӦ
ߣȻ֪ΪʲôԽҷ֣ȴεĶܷӦĹġ
һޱȵЦͻȻĴҶһഫʱҶѾ˶ԷҪܵʱһǿҵľȴݺݵشϲޱȹصĺĶϡ

ŹͱϵشʱҶֱѾһֱɳһŹĴˡ
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һȭĳ֣ͽƺҲʼʧȥԣҶʱٴεĻ˰֮⡣
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ҶдĺʱҲΪƣϾǿϻԼԺһĴʦǿԿڵԼԼʶԼǷ˶Էľȴ޷Լ巴ӦȵԼӦˣӭԼǶԷĽˡ
Ҷ죬Ǿ仰ҶһΪչ˵ģˣϷ򻹿Իû˵ӣϷڻ뵽һȤ飬˵Ϸɱ֮ȻӻصҶһᷢʲôأǸ޵ĽǱŪ˴ϣһֶô鰡
䣡
ŭʱʱĿʼȼҶԴ΢΢ĵǾҵĶ
ͽҪֵİң
Ǳ·Ǿµħһ㣬ҳ˷
һԵĹͽԼֱ̬УĻϵĳ֣
ԼĵܸܵǿеŪˣһܴ̼һǳ꣬СӶŮ˵ĵ̻һֵģʱһ𡭡
ͻȻʱͽȻĴһֻһ˫ɺɫӷ·һĶԼֲֿ˾ֶҵӣһ֮󣬱·Լһ㡣
Ѿ϶ǰһԵĲԼĶ֣ǹͽȴ̲סһǺܿȴӦ˹ԼȻһСŵ˲ˣ
߳ŭɵôĺȵ
СӣװŪʲôʱѾˣ˵ϢѾ˲˵עˣҪϽ뿪ˣ㡪·ɣ
˵ͽٴȻĻһֲĲӰҶ˹ȥ


145 ɹɱ
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ٵĽŲ˵ĳ֣޵ĻоȻκεӰڿʼʱ򻹿ԼĹ۲쵽ԷĲӰھȻӰ޷֡
ȻʱĹͽѾԼеﵽһµĳ̶ȡ
ҶȴûжǴǱϿҪĶӣһеһƺֻĮӣһĮӡ
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ǿֲޱȵľʹǰһеһƺѾʧȥҶ춼ʼоԼǾʹ֮ľ
Ҷȴûзſ֣Ϊ֪ſ֮һԸӷĹԼ
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ǿޱȵʣ·ǳ˷ܼһ㿪ʼ޵ԲεķΧչ˳޷ǿȻĻһ޴ĺںɫĽǹͽɵץסˡ
׻֮飿ôܣ㡭
̬֮󣬹ͽޱȵĴεܹǣı׻֮׻֮飬ΪʲôҶϣһԷ
ߣȥʰɡ
ҶĺȵеԴԴϵĿʼעұϡ
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ߴǧ׵ĳѸٵĴ￪ʼγһճ
üеһʱҶѸٵĴӶԷһɨ漴ҶҲѸٵ뿪
Ҷ뿪Լӵʱ֮ʮλų۵˺߷ɿǰһ֮˵ϲɵ¶һĨȵɫ
Բǧ׵ķΧǿ˵׻֮оȻγһ޴ޱȵӣڵʱ򣬻дıвеĵѾȫγһʵ״̬ڽӴ˿֮ѸٵıӲʵ塣
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һλ΢΢ĿＸ̲֮ס˵
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һСĵ˵ֻشȴܿı⵽˴ҵķ
ܵģǿǳֵĻǴ˻ֵᷢģԸĲڣûзκεĹĲƺֻһּаﲨţʵЩذ
໥һ֮ȴɵûκεĽıϸϸĹ۲һ֮Ѹٵ뿪
Ҷ˫ĿһصɽУ¶һĨЦɫԼȻûжٵ˺ʵϣڲ˺ȴ൱ء
ʦǿ߹ȻҸС˰Ҳǹͽ̫ĹˣԷƺĳԽԼϵٶȷӵһµĳ̶ȣΪԷٶȹֵѸ͵ĻһﻹǱȽ׽ġ
˵ҶѾٴεһѪ
ٵĴڤóһöʥҧûҧıҶٴεıպ˫Ŀ
ʥˣǱ֪ĻǾԵĻѾĹֵ˷ѣҶȴԼ뷨Լڵ׵ĳλ״̬ǲҩĻڶʱ֮޷Ļָġ
ȭεٴεߵĻĿԴﵽյĳ̶ء
뵽˸ղǿֲһ֮Ҷϲɵô񫣬һҲкܴľԣղŵһĳȫ˳ϵСĵʹõĻԼڵʵҲĿʹΣ˵һȻɱһʦǿߣȴҲҪСĵʹãһʹòĻǽ϶ޱȱҵġ
ʥڣԷʱڼһůٵԼ
ʱһޱȵϢȴǵѸٵҲգ۵ʱѱ㽫Ҷڲľ޲߰˰ˡ
ҡȻ˷һʥ
һ֮ҶжʱʼѪȻ˵ԼʥȴҲܹ˷ѰԼķʳԷԼžԵ޸ԼھȻʳһʥֱ˷ѡ
ͻȻʱҶ쾪㵵ȴˣҶ컹ƵʱͻȻʥůȻȻıԼѸٵ˹ȥٶȼ죬û˿Ҷ췴Ӧʱ䡭


146 Ľ
һﵹҲ൱İԵ
оԼϵʥǿеɵ֮Ҷϲɵ¶һĨЦǺܿоϵľȻ˵Ŀʼָһ˲Ļָˡ
һǿʥû뵽ҶұУҶȴʵȴԼǸӣǱұһʥĻǾԵһ˷ѣ˷ѵ൱أڿĻЩʥƺڱʳ֮󣬾Ȼһ˿ı仯
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ҽʣµȫķʳȥĻ֪ҵǲǻ˵ĴﵽʦƷ۷ľ硣
ҶΪζǼҲľһܵ飬ȵһɴҩԼﵽĳǿĳ̶ȵĻǸǲȶģﻹҩһֿĹؼʱ̷õĴڣͼҩﵽԼͶֽ״̬ǲʵģһȶԼԺķչҲι̵ġ
ʥҲûҲգʳһ̶֮ЧҲ˵Ľ͵ܴĳ̶ȣ˹ķʳֻһ˷ѣɳܵ˷ѡ
ˣһǹͽѵӲٵĺöء
ҶȻ뵽Լڽǹͽɱ֮ǰӶԷǸɫĴӡ
һȥϴСһӣɫȥ൱غͶʵؼͲ˵൱ڼ䴥һɻĸо漴֡
׵ıжϳⲻǷƷϣҶӵɫп϶ĻԼҪһЩΪ֮Ĵڡ
ϾһʦĴ֮ǷƷ
Դ˷ܵشӣһɫĹâ˲ĿʼɽһĨɫâ֮Ҷ϶ʱ¶һĨȵɫֻɫĹâԴͷȻһöɫڼĻһöɫͼöͬɫ
Щ֮Ҷϲ¶һĨŹֵɫ
ϾڵöɫˣȴٴεĳһöɫһɵĵõȻҶһֲʵĸо
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ⶫȥƺ޼ѰĳЩ̶ȴֺעһ㣬ؼǿǷʸȥŮĴȡ
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ʣµĶѾˣһЩصʯ֮⣬мƷ
Щ֮˳֮Ҷ㿪ʼϸϸĹ۲
һɫСӣ˹ͽһеԼһѧѧ֮Ҷ˵ûʲôֵģһһľضҶ˵ȴ൱ãҶڷһ֮㽫ŵԼڤУڱϾǹۿʱҪԼȥ֮ϸϸķġ
⼸öʯЩʯֳһֱ֮ɫʯͨĳһ͸ĹǻŵĹΣһ˿˿ϵµĻƣǴϱ㿴ó൱ġ
һֻº͵ĸо漴Ĳоһ֮ҶĽŵڤУʣµıһöҶӡ
ҶһֹӵϢʵ൱ļӲ粻ǺΪǿ֮ĸ֪ĻҶ컹ǻΪⲻһƬֲҶӶǽء
ǾҶ컹ҪϸϸĹĦʱͻȻһĹâȻĲѸٵҶֶȥδõҶ췴ӦʱǹâȻ·һֻ޴һ㣬ѸٵĽҶȻץסѸٵ
ȵҶ췴ӦʱȴԼĵоȻȻһ˿ʹʹÿȥҲ죬˲䣬ʹȻʧӰˡ
ǿҵľʹҶвɵô󾪲ѣæĽУȴȻķԼĵУɫҶӴʱԼĵаȵĸУƾеϵ̲ȴûκεĲֻÿһʱ֮һ˿еҶ˵ľǾţһë˵Ȼûȥں
ԼĵоȻһƬҶӣҶȻСޱȣǵԼȥ߶ԷʱȴֶԷһҧסǹĺһ㣬ƾεȥǣԷǲȥǼӿ˶ɣȻҶʵԼĳ̶ȣһ˿ɻ㲻ʲô
ɫԽĴ̵ҶӣҶг֮Ҳû˹ֵ׷Ͼһ￴ȥƺûκεĻ
ļСѾûˣ˵ҶҲȥֵĹ۲죬Ľȫķŵڤ֪ݣٴεĿʼ
һεֹϵвϵ˼ԼʱĹ̡
ϵҶʵͼʶѾǴ˲٣οлԽǿߺԼԿǾյĳ̶Ȼǿ֪
ֵʽʼϵҶԺз·ǷŵӰһĿʼطҶ쿴ĻԼһѾöɫˣ˵Ҳȥֵ׷Ѱˡ
Ҷ컹ʱ֮еĳصĽУͻȻһǿޱȵȻĳ
䣡
һһıΧʮ׵ķΧѸٵչǿĸٴεڼѸٵתҪ۲һЩС˲ıǿĽƬ
𣡣
໡
Ȼͬĺ漴ĲѸ͵ӰʱҲʼ֮طɿ˳
һɫװĸߵһֻһƥһ޴ɫЦ˵
ٺ٣ӣҲʦĴˣʱӻصǿ϶ǿԴʵģеĴսҲӵаˣٺ٣ʱŮСѾͷɪӻͲʮﵽʦĳ̶ȡ
̬һһӵĿߵɫľǣĹͼֻ˭
һĸ߰Ů֮Ǿ޴ϾȻ̲סĴһ¶һ˿µӡ
ιιι˵ɲСѾͷڿǲʮ갡˵ʮﵽʦ̶ȵ𣿵ȻͦɶģҰɣһɹģһԵĲܽʦġ
˵֮ȴ̲סԺ뵽Ǹͬźɫ۲һĸ߰ף̲ס˵
ȻǸ̬ļһһԵ⣬֪СôˣӦǿӳİɣû뵽ǼһﾹȻ𰡣ٺҶǰɣǷһ飬ⱲӶǵġ
˵֮Ȼһӵı˵
߰ɣȥѰһСӣٺ٣ƾڵʵĻѾø˰ɡ
໡
߰ޱȵңңĳ֣漴ֱӵĻһɫĹâʼĳŷ֮ȵʼǰ


147 Խ
ѪУйأݺУ䲻ϣ
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һޱȵϵֳʸĲڶԷϾȻ˿ĸоκεǿϢ
ûǿӦеϢͨ˵Ƿ˵طۣǻǱһЩע⵽ˡ
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ӵƲѾʿ̶ȵΪ˵Ĳ棬һïܵĲݴУһһֺڵı鶢ǡ
㷢СӸöðһȫ޵ӣȻһոմﵽ߼̶ȵĲˣƷ۷ĳ̶ɱȴһʿļһˡ
ȻҲǺ굱˷
СӣҲԸϻߺߣϵԼһмֵĶҿʹһЩ
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٣ӼҪɱҪˣһǺټġ
ɫʱһ䣬еնͻȻؿʼȻĻ˹ȥ
νľ޴ȻĶһ糤һǿնڳž޴ƣųİûеֺأһ趯ʵ˵ĺܡ
նϮɵһվϸûκεı顣
ڲݴеǸ겻ɵĸ̾һնӵ൱ĲмϾ˵ĶҪȥɱˣΪ˲ܣ
СӰԸ±ӱô׳ա
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ݺݵնʮò֮󣬲ֹͣԼǰΪһĨʧؼ䡣
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ܵԼȫĲܿˣնӵ϶ʱ¶޷ŵɫͻȻһʹȻĴӲϴ˳ָоȴһ漴ʧΪѾ˵ɢˡ

ǵ׵֮󣬶ʱӵѪҲȻļΧĵѸٵȾɺ֮ɫ
һ۾ùԲȻʱ޷ţǰΪʲô˵ǿ
ָ΢΢һüѸٵðһĨɫʮֽǣӵɿȥ
Ǹոյ߳Ҷ죡
⡭һڰϻ
زݴе岻ĲͻȻʱһĹâȻĳط˹
￴Ҷ죬ǲݴԺһѾ֪ˣǴӶԷĺֻ֪һ߼Ʒ۷ޣ˵Ҳһ֮㲻ȥںˣϾҶֲǷӣӵĲѪɱ¾Ŀˣ˵ʱȻȥֵȥһЩͨйϸ
Ҷȴ֪ǼΪһһۣǶ˵һâͷ·뵽ԼһĿֲ
˷·˲䱻Էˣ
ĽԷնƷҶҲûȥයٴεһֻٶȿʼǰ
ӷ·Լһ԰һ̬ҶѾʱˣϾǸոյĽ뵽ʦĳ̶ȣ˵ĳЩطҪһĥϣյʱҶ첢ûпȥǽԼ屣һƽޱȵ״̬С
һʮöɫҶõöţɫٴεĳ֣ȴҲɵ޷ıԼľ棬˵ż
ֻҶ൱̷ֵǳԼȻûҵԷʱУҶҲһֱѰˣҶ쵹ǲģϾͽǸԼ׻֮صģѰʿǿĹͼǰһ˵һʲôΣҲġ
ʦĳ̶ȿѾгԱĵһˣ˴ﵽȼȴҲɲҶĶ֣һҶ컹һĵġ
ҲҶ컹Ľ˿ɮ״̬֮ʱһмȴ˴Ĺ˱ǡ
˱ǴһģĳУбȽϺĵλãλϵԽķչ˱ǵľÿɲǿԱġ
˱ǵһصĴɽ
ңңĸտȥɽ·һֻ޴ĶЫһ㣬ֲҷ
ɽΪϵȻȻһЫɽĳƺ
ռشԼĶĳ̶ȣֻһ͵СɽЫɽڹ˱ȴ൱Ŀ£أеλǿߺʹ֮ÿʱ򶼻ԵĴϸֵĹ֮ɽ
Ыɽ֮ĻͶصϢ»ޱȵĳԾģΪɽϲ㲻ţǻһаϢ
ΧֲͲǲ٣ȴû̫ǴһаޱȵϢɫĹȥ൱Ŀֲ;ˡ
ЫɽһģСĴΡޱȵĽɫϳֳһ൱ҰϢΧ꣬Щ˵жŸֵıУȻһЩ
ʱĴдԽУһŵĴУ
һų۵һ֮ɫϲʱŭڴɫ
ĶһλųĽĲ軺غ˽ȥķеıӡԴ̧
˵൱ͨ˵û˫Ŀǲʱ˸˵ĿֲâĻǿ϶Ļᱻ˵һλ֮ͨˡ
ˡ֪ܼҵ顣
һʵ
ӵ˫Ŀ΢΢Ŀ˶Էһ֮漴˵
ܼҡǺǣʦѾԸˣ齻ܼȻ˵ʦ㲻ʲôϾʦĵ֮һȻɱˣҲҪԷһ
˵Ļ֮¶һĨϲɫ
лˣ
΢΢İ˰ֱ۵˵
Ȼʵ΢ƽʷлǺصģΪʦֵȻҲΪԼʦֻˡ
˹ûʵĻʵ˵һ񣬵ȴϵ¶αЦݡ
ƺӿУٴεıĺڰ


148 Թ
Զ֮ȵҶ²֪ԭܼУǳٳδ֮ˣѾˣǴſֲɱġ
ಡ
ޱȵƿȻĳ֣ӰʱҲΧĹľ֦Ҷϵѹ߼ʿ൱Եı˳
Ҷʱ˫Ŀ΢΢ѽӰвСĺĵģΪеһŮӵӰҶ첻ò뵽֪ܲǶԷҶ컹Ҫȷһ¡
ôʱˣ̷ǳԼûмһﶼûг֣ŪڵҶ춼һֹŹֵĸо˲ǹҵ˰ɡ
Ȼ뷨ҲҶĹѪѣ˵ʵҵĿԻ޽ӽ˰ٷ֮ٵĳ̶ˡ
ȻΪؼһǱڿѾˣ˹ͼڵĴڣطǺûеֵġ
˵˼УҶҲѾӰ˹ȥ
ߺߺߡСˣܰ
˵һλȴЦ꣬ǰΪžװŮڷǰȥ
ӵʵɣȻֻһʿƷĳ̶ȣǱν߼Ϊ˵Էʵǿ̫̫ˡ
ŮȻҲ֪һ㣬˵ٶȺܿ죬ֻ֪ҪԼһʱ䣬Լġ
罣
ӵȻĵͺһָ΢΢ָһʱָĿٵðһɫĽǱȻԷ̫˺ŮӣҼ߼Ů˵Ҳ൱Ŀµģһǽ֮󣬶ԷȻһľʹŮӵڿ֧ϵתһʹϮӵ޷ƿأȻһԼ˲䣬µľһкٵĴ֦ϵ
ߺߡ
ž
ӵЦУҲʹ˵˶Էǰ
Ҷһ֦ϣû˵ԣûκεϧ뷨ʱҪжһŮǷֵԼȴȡ
㡭㲻ҪɱңҰϵȫĽ㡣
ӵĵ֮òҲ׵ŮӼæļ
ʱȹڰ״̬˳ʱ֮ϵĳȹѾòȻǿĿЧ֮ȴһ˿޷ڸǵĴ⡣
ǰһأѾ¶˴֮࣬ӵȾӸµλĻԿӣ졣
һ˵ٻ˵ֿܹסŮɫջģӵһŮӴʱѾ޷ֿ״̬ӯӯдһ˿̬ӵĻӲֿܣһֱڶǱŰطӵǰŮӵȻǴںߵ״̬
˶ԷЦ˵
Ź𣿡
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ӵȻס˶Էǹ°ͣĸԷһ񾱣ǵ˵
ǲɱĻҿ»˵ĸٵģʵԵĻҲ࣬ôöҲ㲻Ǹ߼ģǲɱĻһûİ취Խ
˵ӵ˫ĿɱѾʼ
ҪһĶֻҪŹңҿΪκε顣
ĸԼ°ͣ¶һĨЦݣ֪ǰŮѾϳ׵ԼԼҪΪΪҲᷴԵģ˿Χĵطʱ¶һĮޱȵĺ
ѵ·ſǿʯͷϡ
ŮԣʱһʱҶҲ΢΢üͷڵȣȴŮӵľԷǻᰴһ˵ȥĻΪԷһеŮˣƺǲֵԼȥȣΪŮһ֮󣬿»˵ޱȷ
ô㲻ȥ𣿡
Ůһ˿֮ӵ϶ʱ¶һĨŭĺȵ
Ը⣬벻Ҫɱҡ
ŮӼæ˵ĽԼȹĶѩ׵ĽҲ˵ĳӵǰأƤ˳ƽ̹Сȥ֮ޱȵ˵ȴӵķ
ſʯͷϡ
ӵĺ𽥵Ŀʼüޱȵ˵
ѾһˣŮƺҲѾſΣҡҷӻſǰǿƽʯͷϣչ˶Էǰ
һӵ˫Ŀ׵ķΪԷʵ̫ˣ£ƨϵİλεҫۡ
ߺߣסʯͷ
ӵƺݺݵذ˶ԷϣŮӵȴ¶һĨ㯺Դɫ
ס˾͹ȥˣֻҪһжǿԸġɡ
ҲʱȻͦǹѸٵĶ
ģ㾹ȻǴŮˣ
ڽ֮ϵıʱ¶˷ŭɫҲ˿ʼԽֶθޱȵң
ˣ㾹ȻѾǵһˣ˷ҵʱ䰡
˵һ徹ȻӶһ£ȻŮӵϺݺݵضסˣŮӵһ֮ͻȻһʹȴɴ˵ĲֻһȻѸٵĴǰ͹ԳǷĽĻһ˿ɺѪΡ
㡭˵ҪŹҵġ
ŮӲĵĽеԭŲٵ˷֮ɫʱѾŤΪںӽϵĦ֮ʱһĨ֮ɫʱȴΪŤԭԵޱȵ
ȻĴŮ˳֮Ӻݺݵһڿˮŭȵ
ߣˣû뵽㶼ǵһˣΪʲôҪá
վϵҶû뵽һﾹȻĻִݻˣʱȴҲ¶һĨŹֵӣӶԷ뵽ƺֻҵʱɣ
ѵ˵һǴ˵еĿǹ֣
Ҷ૵ĵ
˭
ҶȻ󣬵ʿȴǷˡ
Էŭ֮ҶʱЩεסԼĶͷֵͼĴȻԼϣֱǲԭ°
ߺߣСӣղſˬ𣿡
ڿҶ֮һ϶ʱ¶һĨ֮ɫ˵
԰ɣֻû뵽ٶȾȻô졣
Ҷһ˵
仰ݣ൱ֱӣһ仰ԺɫʱĿʼŤϸǱ˿ֲɱ⡣
Сӣң
ҶĸԼ°˵
ĻҲûа취ǰ㡣
͡
Ȼĳ֣пʼչֳ˵˵Ľ
ȥ
оʮȻϮ֮Ҷϲû˵ĵӣ¶൱εɫ
Сǻᱻӵġ


149 ׳յ˳

ˡ
һĦĳ֣ʱҲ˵쳹һ֮һضϽ·һĴӸ߿мݺݵز˵ϣǲ϶޲˵ŸղŵһǶԿľײǺεȵľˡ
㡭ôôܣ
ŽǶϽʱвϵضţһֲĿӴʱⲻϵѪ϶ѾԵĳɭɭ׹ǵĺۼ
ĶԼеĲޱ˵һдʱľ֡
ԭȥֻһ굫˭뵽ĿжʵļһȻһϻļһ˳ĺһӣȴȻıһֻѪĲǣһȻķҶƽ޲˫ĿеľȻһޱȵĮӡ
ֻЩǿϲŷֹ
ˡźˣˡҰɡ
ҶüͷǰΪļһ΢΢¶һ˿ߣֻһ˿ȴһζ
ָ΢еģһµĹâȴȻĳ֣͸䣬Ѿޱȴתüжһ̺ʱļޱȵĽг֣
ʦ
ǵģʦ޲һֻдﵽʦĳ̶ȣſĽõ㴿죬ʦ֮£ʿ۷ĳ̶ȼǴȴҲ˵ɣҴ໹ҪڱſͷţҶȴֻԼָġ
֮ĲȫĲȡ
ڵϵļһҶȴû˿ķӦֻǵЦЦ
źˣʲô
ָ΢΢һԷ·ʱĳһööָϵڤȻķ˵ĹâȫС
һƲҵʬ塣ҶҪϾʵ൱ĲŹۣҶŮҲһ£Ȼ˶һƷУҶ컹ǲôġ
Ҷ컹ڶʱͻȻ˫Ŀ΢΢һüеɫâһ˸
ƾǿ֮֮Ҷ׵ıൽԼ֮⴫ǿ
оһǿҵɱ⡣
ಡ
ĵӰѸٵĸ֮ĸҲ漴ء
ĸһŮ
˵ӶǲģҶʵȻԿóЩ˾ȻĶﵽʿΪȻ˵ǶƷĳ̶ȣĸʿǿ߾ۼһǺܿµģҶ쾪ȵǣŮӵʵȻЩ˵ΪǿһϵзǴһĨζ
ĸǿһҶ죬Ŀ˵ϵʬ壬еһһ֪һֱ˵ļһڿ˵Ůӵʬ֮ȻޱȵĴ

ӵĽ֮ļɫҲ΢΢һ䣬ɫʼЩѿҶԽĲơ
ŮĴӰóһסŮӵ壬һķ֮ɫĳҶĺ
˭˭ɱ
ʬ壬ҶһƲȥˣﻹվһˣȻҶģҶȻǲܳϵģϾȷʵɱġ
Ҷָָ˵
һɱġ
һ֮˫ѸٵðһµȻĳŶԷϴһޱȵ
쵰ΪʲôΪʲôҪɱҵľ
ӴһҶ쵹Ϊ⣬ǴӶԷϢһȻҲ൱ģҲȽϵĵùģνľǵһΣһ˿ɱҪԴ
㵱ʱڳ
Ӻһ˫۾˵
ӵıΪŮӦӵŮˣ˵ԼŮ˱ɱˣǿԭµģҶҲɱ֮ˣԶڶԷֻ΢΢üͷȴص˵ͷ
ôģΪʲôѵ·㵱ʱΪʲô
Ҷ쵭˵
·Լѵģ
Ҷĵһ仰൱ľˡ
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ȻĴӱͳһݺݵĵضҶĺ
ѻ˵ΪʲôѵԼ·
Ůӵ¶һĨ֮ɫϾҶȻڳŲСɣһʵȴδ֪ģȻӵЩҶʵ̫˵ĻǼ˿ȴҲЩ鷳ġ
˳壬һЩõʲô
Ϊ˳ȻѾΪԼŮ˵׵ķˣĶŮӺ
£֪һֱĶԾûôܶһ˵뿪顣
һ»δ˵ȴ¶˲ɫߵǸ۵ǲ˵
˳壬˵⻰δ̫˰ɣѲ⾲ùڻµͷϲɣǾԼ͵뿪ġ
һ֪ǵ˼ϲȻҪΪ˵ˣǻµĻô𣿾ǳԹڵϣǻ˵Ļ˵侲𣿡
˳壬ôڴ˭ͺ˭أ
һӴĺȵ
ߴ˭ͺ˭ϣľȻĿɲŮˣȻô˵ˡ
Ƿ蹷һļһҶвɵø̾Ϊ˳ļһﻹһʮԲУŮӷŭԼǹľȻıڵѾǵԼͬˡ
ҶҲ˵ʲôֻǽԼ˵˳
˵֮˵϶ʱ¶һĨ޷ŵɫǳ˵˳֮⣬ȴЩҶĻϾʬԼǾʬϺ׵ıԿ˽ʱҺ壬ҲûӣؼȹȻ飬ȴǱǿ˺ѵӡ
ƨҵŮˣһ᲻˽ԸѾˣȴ˵ĶԴͷ̰㵽ʲôĿģ
ͻȻ˳뵽ʲôһ㣬ɿĴ;·Ѱϸûһö˵˳ı鿪ʼ׵Ť
ˣһ̰ͼϵһӵġļȣȴþĪ裬ʵ΢ȻĿˡ
Ҷε˵
Ǹɱġ
˳еĿĺ
Ǹһ϶Ҳ͵Ϯʱɱġ
ҶıʱıޱȹŹ̲ס˵
˼Ů˵ǵøйϵǰɣ
ҶѾʼԼõһʦʵȻһʿļһ˵ıȣղŻΪԷŮˣԲͶԷһʶڿĻһﻹϲű


150 
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ӵ˲ڹǿ򶨱һ̵ģһδ֪֣ɲһ°
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˫ֱҶĶŶԷȻûн
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ڲԵĵ˳ĺеĿǷޱȵĳҶ˹ȥ
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ޱȱĺâҶ˫Ŀм˳˳ڲȴѾҶеߣѾɱ⡣
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ľȻҲ˵ȰҶƴʱѾоĲԾΪ˱һʲô쵰飬ֻҪȻһģȴҲϾ໥ôʱˣܹԷҲǺԸġ
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ҶıԽĹģȴټҸоõĴڣһҸо̫˵ɡ
ⷬɱȴʵǹһƻŮ˳Թ˵⸱ӣ˭ܵס
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µƺݺݵ˵˳ϣЦֹ˵
ߣ˳壬㾹Ȼ˵ңʲôһῴİ׳գ£û˿ĹϵԲҪ档
һԵ͹ľȻҲΪȻĵ˵ͷ˵İ׳ǻǲҪͶԷһʶ
ߺߣܺãǵȰ׳գεĿԺΪ飬Сӣ׼𣿡
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İɣһĲǨŭ˵ϣ˳壬Ǳ˵ûκεĳ޵ģղŵĶҵһƺвȴҲòɱ㣬Ůҵ飬㲻ҵвң˵㡪ɣ
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建ص˵ϣʱĵ˳лһ޴Ŀϸ¶޷ŵɫ޷ףԼʿĳ̶ȣȻ˷·ɱɱҪɵɱˣǰҶ쵽Ǻεȵĳ̶ȡ
ǶѾûκεĻȥ˼ˣΪڵѾˡ˫ĿԵĿġ
Ҷԭſ֮ĵģһ̫ĲҪˣűͼвԼˣȻҶ첻֪һ˵ǷʵεҶ춼¶Էġ
¡ľȻ˵̲סһڿˮ̵˶ȴȻΪڵѾˡ
һɱ
˳ʵ˵Ȼ㲻ǿģǶԿĻҲΪСģǶԷʵʿĳ̶ȰκεĵطżĴڣǾĴڣȴһɱˡ
ǰȥҲʮļһʵﵽһֺεȵĳ̶ȣ
޷ţҲȥ󣬶ϵĵ˳ǸĲȥһۣΪʱг֮⻹ңҿûг֣ûԼܿסԷļУ
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ŻˣҶû˿˵
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ͻȻʱһֲޱȵǺȻĴԶ˳ǿֲǺУ·һλߵĽһ㣬һֲֿޱȵĹ°֮ǿơ
֮󣬻˵ɫʱĿΪǷĸоһֿµԼޱߵɱ⡣
ޡҵȼ͡
ľȻεĿЦ
ʱ̫ˣȻʱڹʱԵ
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˵¶һĨ޷ڸǵľ֮ɫİš
Ǻ֮֮Ҷϲû¶κεǱޱȵľϲ
һҲ𣿡
˵뷨ҶﾹȻڻǾֵȻ쳤Х
𣡣
ХУҶ·βѸ͵ĳǰȻĴǿҲƣĺۼʼŶԷȻĴȥ
㡭𣿡
ڵ̲סĽŶԷҪԼҶһХ֮󣬶Էֲء
ٺ١
ҶЦĲȥش𣬶ҲʱһɫӰӿٵĳ߷ɱٶȼֱǳ˳˵
ʲô𣿡
ľȻ޷ŵ˵
Ӧǰɡǣ֮⿴ȥƺҲǸеͰ
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ƺһ˰
Ȼľ
ңңĲ׵׵ĵطֻһͷɫľڷĳ߳һλߴӴʱ˷ܵĳ߸
죬ˣ
Ű׵ľ룬ǸߴӶʱķЦ̬ԼԡӡΪͷļһֻ˭

ŶԷǰһǿޱȵѸٵĳŻµѹ˹ַ·ѪһϢʱµ嶼ʼĲ
˿µ˿Գܵסģоֺûʲô֮󣬻µ˶ʱЩ˽⵽ߵʵ
ʦ϶Ѿʦĳ̶ˡȸҪʲô
µ˼ϵ˼ţʱҶȴ¶һĨЦ⣬΢΢ĻӶУϵѹȴȻɢˣ
ѾľȻҵҰ


151 ǿϮ
һ֮ɫĶҶ˵
㻹˵أҵĿ൱ģΪӰæĻҲټ㵽ߣŪ˲ٵĵط
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ܹĸִһƬʵʲô̶ȣ
뵽Щ֮ǵеһ˿Ҳʼ漴ҲһԺЩصļһʵһĺãûԼôĶ֪
ôѣ
˻֮¶һĨ֮ɫ˵ٴεĿ˻һۣЩ֣̲ס˵
˵СӻǸӰĹƯŮˡ
Ҷε˵
żѣ߰ɡ
˵ҶٴεĶŻ˵˵
ǿˡ
û뵽Ҷ쾹ȻûԼ鷳ϵûᣬ˵жʱޱȲ죬ٵĵ˵ͷת㿪ʼ뿪ˡ
˵ıӰ֮ɵ¶˺ɫҶ㽫һ飬¶ޱƵɫ

һԵҶĽ֮ʱ̲סĴЦǷЦᶼʼ˳
һδͼ
ҶıԽ
ôЦ𣿡
һԵӺݺݵس¶˲ˬɫĳЦʵǹֲġ
ðɣðɣҲЦˣǲô
ǿĽԼЦѹ
˻֮Ҷ첻ɵ¶˺֮ɫ˵
̷ǳϢ𣿡
ҡҡͷ
õʥ֮ȥѰҹˣȴûзǵټֻѰˣû뵽㾹ȻһǷһ鰡û޷õʥӵĲͻƵʦĳ̶ȡ
˵ӻͳһö̵ָѩɫ׹ǵݸҶ˵
Ǵֻ͸ѡǴеıΪʥ޹ǣǴ˶ಢã˵Ļκεһ㶼κεĽ䱸ģѵĻ˸ᾡȫİģҪܾӣӵһͳʥ޹ǡ
ҶĽӹö׹ǣ׹ǵĳȻָֻ̣ȴ컨ƣЩӵĻȴûһ˿ۻҵĸо֮෴лһµϢ˿ȥ
ĻǴе֮üйͼڵĻƺʥ޹ϵĻһģٺ٣Ȼʥ޹ǵһЩֻΪԶˣ˵ΪֹҲ̫˽еİˣҪԼȥƿˡ
Ҷĵ˵ͷĶʵ
Ҽʱ仹ʮձǳȵˡ
ѵõ¶һĨЦ˵
ǰȹôʱˣջطʦĳ̶ȣʱصУٺ٣Ҳһĸˣһǵһʦˡ
Ȼ൱Ŀĵġ
ˡ
ͻȻȻĴһ춯һ˿춯ĳ֣ĿռҲ˵ĳһ˿Ϣ
𣡣
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˵硵˵ǴȴҶڴ


155 ĳ
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ܿһȴȻĶסˣ漴ԷҲ漴ĳˡ
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ΪԸⰡһҲʵĲҪһõǿ߾Ȼ۸һŴﵽʦ̶ȵССޣҿǲʮ˵½ʮļ˵Ļһδ갡
˵ҶѾӣҶľٶȴûκεĲ֮ɫޱȵ˷ܣȻΪҶеõһʥ֮һҶĸмһǿҰ
ƺǱĳЩ˰
üе֮оΧЩͷųϢԺҶ쵭˵ȴû˿⣬ʱǿĴһ׻֮飬Ȼº൱صĺǼˣҲںЩһ
ǰȷʵЩ׳ոˣǵð˵ﻹǿޱȵޣڿĻЩƺڳ˯УЩļ弶ޣҵǲںڵʵӵٶӦǣΪʡʱĻһǶǼɣ൱ǲϽƵĻԤϵĺ衢ģ˲𰡣֪۸ЩС
˵ӻóһöɭɭİ׹ǣö׹Ǻ͸Ҷһöʥ޹ǲ࣬ӵСһЩЩصĻƸҸӵķӡ
ǴдеıҲͰöÿӵܶеģٺ٣Ҳʮʱʮ֮󣬱ᱻջصġ
ӶԷóö׹֮Ҷĵ׻֮ѾʼһĨ΢Ķƺһ˷ܵĲоһ˿֮Ҷ첻ɵú˵
ʲô
ĸеİ׹¶һĨ֮ɫ˵
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Ҷ̫ԾæĽ͵
ᣬǿûôĲ̽Էʬ嶼ŹֻڶԷǧ֮󣬵ȵϵƤȫʧˣǲŻȡ¶ԷһֹͷȻӣȻطƳڵ̬
˵ȻĽԼעУʱһöССİ׹澹ȻȻķһĨĹâ
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һֻ͵ͻȻشĹâлû˳ĻӰ֮Ҷϲɵ΢΢һ䣬ΪһƺǺԼǰЩ˵е൱ơ
ĻӰոյĳ֣ʱΧѸٵĳһ󼱴ٵĦЩĦ֮ƿѸٵ쳹ķǳܼȥ
оǿϢ֮Ҷ϶ʱ¶˾ޱȵɫܹ˲ʱ佫Щǿ޸סʵѾǳ˿ˡ
⻹ڶԷҶǻһǻŵĻǵöôĿֲ
㶨ˣö׹ΪǣֻһЩ߼һµޣ߼Ч󣬶߼֮ϵޣǸûпˡ
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㻹ҪôӣǱЩһ֪Ļ»ἵʵĳ̶ȡ
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ٺ٣˺ˣվֻС֮һʹõģƾҵӵʵٶȸЩĴڣֻҺ½֦
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ǰҷֵһɽǳأһ˵൱ĺãȥ˰ɡ
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ΪȴѡǽɫϾɫȻڻϱȲɫǾȴ٣Ϊʵġ
һλʦǿ߿һʿ걼ܵķϲɵ¶һĨ͵ɫ
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һԵĿȥЦ˵Ǵһȴʱ⵽˴ҵİ۽
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ƺݺݵشһԼϣٵץ˵ϵɫɿĳԶȥ
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ֻϵŤͺȴ൱Ũ
Ĺͽ衢ģôʱˣȴûгˣǸļһȻİʥǱӦҵıģɫЩӦҵģƻϱû©ģΪʲôΪʲôʱȴӵ飡
ÿÿ뵽ԭļƻԼЩֿɵõıʱб㿪ʼԽķŭֻҪٹôʱ䣬ԼлõʥǽʿƷ۷ĵزˣȴգۼʲôûˡ
һ߰εĳܵס
Ҷ죬ߺߣһΨһһ±ɱ㣬Ҷ㻹۵㡣ǸҶҲᾭĹһµģ˾ͽҵΪſҶҵģҵҪʧȥ֮Ҷһܷܲ˾ͽǱڣǸŮˣүˣȵ֮󣬿үôǸŮˣ
˵ʱⳣɫѾԽŤ
ⳣ֪Լ˵ǸļһǡԼޱȷߺ޵ĺԼʥİʥͬһ˵Ļ֪θ룬Ҷ첻δĸĺܡ


156 ϵ·
ϵʼؽ뵽Уĳ֮ڲһ˿һĶҶĹ۲ƿС
֮Ҷϲɵ¶һĨЦɫԭֻ涼Ѿ׵λлһ˿ѵĺۼ
ҲϵѪ˿Ʈ
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ҶŭޱȵͬʱҲѾʼؼˣӱʮδҶţԼȻǶԷĶ֣ǵȵԼʵﵽ˴ʦĳ̶֮󣬾ԵĿаպͶԷӲӲġ
һԺһɿɬдŴϢζʼӱǿֱӵٴιעУ˳ٵͨൽ֫ٺ뵽ȫĸ磬һĲҶҲԼĿʼ¶һĨ֮ɫ
ԭҪΪҶеŴϢıһ˴֮ԺŻ۳Ĵڡ
ʥȽϣøʥȻڶʱ֮ڴﵽһֲĳ̶ȣ޵˲Ľȴ޷֤Ժ巢չ
ȴһڼȡǧĴؾ֮ԴԴϵԪڵ״̬һ޴ıһ㣬ԽԼһӶƵ޸ϸǿޱȵЧ
ҶðһӨӨĹâǽŵı鿪ʼ𽥵ı
ҶһĳĺҲ𽥵ƽȶ£һһ䣬γѭÿһκѭĽ䣬һƵռɢ˳Ҷĺ֮Сھ󣬱㱻浽С֮ڡ
УҶڣӣõؿʵ
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ҶоѾʼָʱͻȻȻĿһĨͬڲطһ˿仯
λһƬֳɫĵطλüأΪ⾭УΪҶżȻĻȥעλá
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оеĶ֮ԺҶ̲סҲʱаͲסֺ뷨ʼѸٵĳд߶ӭ˹ȥ
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ǰһ֮ҶʱĿʼҵһ¡
һĨѪҺɵĹâڿ֮Ҷĸоеص㣬һĨԼɵĴڡ
ⲻҶ𶯵ĵطиоޱȾȵļͳ̶ȡ
ѪҺ൱Сֻͷ˿һֱСΪЧԹ۲ޱϸĻҶ컹ǿ
Ҷ찵ԵԼȥʱȴԼĳ̶ȾȻ޷һĨѪҺ˺ѽ顣
һʵҶ쾪ϲҶӵķѪҺΧԼһָ״СķΧУǿͼͳ̶Ѱطʮز
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Ҷ첻Ҳ޷ȥΪֲֿѾǳжϵĳ̶ȡ
Ҷҿ϶ԼȫǿĴڵĻǼ˵һһЩȴҲ޷κԼ塣
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תϹŻĴ֮ʿĹϹ֮ʿǿƥΪǿĴڣԿٵأ˺γɣĲԼΪҪĿԼϵǿ̶ȡ
ǿ⡢еķжôĿֲڵҶ˽⵽ģӲĳġ
ȫǶ˵ĻҵķǲŽп°
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뵽Щ֮ҶжʱĿʼûʼעһѪĲ֮ͬ
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ڿһ֮ҶԺ𽥵ģ뷨еʼӿתתĵطȴֻǾһ
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ô£ΪʲôôŹ֡
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ԡƺΪѪҺԭ򣡡
ҶͻȻٴεðһĨµ뷨ѪҺı仯ȻأҲѰѣΪʲôһѪᷢı仯ĵطûأ
ܵģ˵ȫĵطת͸ֵһµĻֱ仯㲻Ӧֻǲһط
ڵҶ쿪ʼЩͿˣϵֱ仯Խĺ
֮ʵҶ콫ٴεĿʼøĶ֮ԭЩϸС΢ĵطȴʼԽ
ͻȻҶ΢΢һȻķԼԭֵһѪҺʱȻҲѾʧԶȻǺϵÿһεѪҺһģһѪҲߵġ
ҶȴѪҺԭֵĵططĲ֮ͬ
λƺ֮أᴩ˫ţҲӦòֱ仯ԭ򰡡
Ҷ콫ȫ۵һϣݺݵطһĹ۲ʱüе֮Ҳʼޱȵת
ʱԭģĵط˲ķŴǧٱĳ̶ȡ
ԭˣԭ˰ѪҺı壬һְ
ͻȻλǱĵε֮ҶڵһУҲʼԽĿĽԼٵ
̶̵ʱҶϵҲһۿɹ۵ٶȻָƺλǻָ
˵Ҷ쿪ʼԽڴԼķ֡


157 ķŭ
ϵҶϴڡת£ҶһδεĳԼϵÿһѨλѪҺٴεĴﵽϵļУѭԼָоҶԽĿʼ
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ھҶĹ۲֮󣬹ȻѪҺķѰĲλĳ̶ֳ϶ҪǿͶء
Ҷ첻Ŀʼе뷨𽥵Ķڵȴ֪ʱߵ˫ĿȴѾ¶޷ŵɫ
ɣ
ǰҶ죬Ĳɵ¶һĨޱȵɫֻǰҶʱȻһԪϢİΧţؼԪֱγһ޴ĹЩĶؼԪھǿѹ֮γɵġ
ȴעҶߵЩԪŨ̶ȣʱҶȫһԪ̬˫ֲʱٴεĶӡ״ⱦһĹâϵشɢ
ʱȫƺԴ֮⣬ĵطѾŨ˼޵Ԫһ㣬ԪΧϿȥǱѩһ㡣
̬̬һѵ˵֪ԼܴŨԪ˿ֲٶȣȥĻһﲻһ̽ɣ
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Ȼû˿ԻشʣӶǱĵĿһۣҲſ˵ϣ󿿽Ҷ˫Ŀ֮󣬱ǿ׺ﲻϵؿʼԪת
ĻѾһֶ츣ˣŨԪڶʱ֮ڶ࣬ѾγҺʵԪֱһڶԶǳһյʱˣĻٶȻҲǲ˵ˡ
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ĽޱȵĿޱȵε̾
Һÿ
ʱһһյĹȥˣ֮дԭļžȻĴɫ֮ٴεı÷һѪսٴεĽ֮󣬷֮ȴٴεıƽϢκεһ˶ڰؾۼԼʵ
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ʱպѾûԭָ߰ͳ޵ϢԶԵΪǱǵĶһλԿ꣬˫Ŀмթ֮ɫʱӲǳֻ˭
ӶԷպ޺ĵ൱ǵӡ
þδ꣡
պǱȵĴԭļž
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еӣԼָָףӿȥƺǲδⳣֻ꣬ǴӶԷ˫Ŀвʱ˸ǱĹâϿԿĳʱ൱ķŭ
ѾؾͺȫΪ൱ǰһȫ߲ƣӶԷıϣȫŶԷڱǿҵɱģǺڵԼûмѾȷڱ׻֮֮ƻ˵״̬˵Ҳûһ
ڿǲû˵ƺ൱ĺãȻǺڵĴ⣬СľԸԣǲܷ˵ͼĴģκһһǱ׻֮˵һΪڵȴǡ
˵ʱõʱĶˡ
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պ޺໥Ķһۣһֱδ˵ķеӣ¶һĨĹâ
꣬ϻҲҪ˵ҪأҪһ仰ɡ
仰֮󣬳жʱһɫȴδ˵
֪ν֮䶼ʲôͬ𣿡
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൱ȻУһ㼸ǵȫûӦ˵ѾȫûˣѾǹ˾ԼҪȫˣƭǣڶһλʦǿߣߺߣԷȻһԱΪǸεĴأ
һ߽䱸ˣһⳣٴε˵
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һʱɫ΢΢һ䣬Լõɫδ֪ԼһֱҲޱȵСĵţȴû뵽ǱǸ֪ˡ
ߺߣУǳĳֻһöѣҪεķָΪʵ侲˵ʱڴ˻ĳֵìܡ
պ¶˹ŹֵɫǺܿ죺

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갡꣬ò˵˻ǲײĲᰡڶʲôʱ㾹Ȼͼ֮Ĺϵɣˡ
պ޼Ц˵
仰ϵıѾʼýӲƤЦⲻЦ˵
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鿪ʼ𽥵ĻָԭǷƵ̬ﵭ˵
ܼ򵥣˵ǼҴġ󷨡൱ҺҵġӣҲһศɵӰ죬˵ɫԼϡеҶҪҪֻǡ󷨡
Ȼһǳ׵ķˣвһµʱԼʵȴҲˣϾʱϻķ涼Ѿûģȴǳ꣬ʼĿ׼˳ϵġ󷨡
㲻Լ̫۸𣿡
ڵ̲סĽ
ϵĻҲǲ͵ģĳƺŲԼģȴҲԼѧԺοǰˣû뵽˾Ȼһ㶼Լʣ£ſڱҪԼȫԼӴġ󷨡Ź
۸ˣҿɴĶ۸ˣ
һһݺݵضŶԷ˵һɱϢʼıŷ˳


158 Ѫ
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еĹ͸ֵĶֶζԼġ󷨡֮ӵĻԼһʿƷ̶ȵĴԷﵽʿƷ۷ǿȽϵĻʵ̫ˡ
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ǿ˲ıŷû˿ɵĳŶԷϺݺݵػ˹ȥ
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ץȡ֮ǿռ·ʱܵĳƿһ㣬һֳˮ̬ⷽԲʮ׵Ԫٵһգ˫ϾȻҲ˴ݺݵسŶԷк
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ʱȴȻĸоЩԾһĹŹ뷨Ҳ΢΢Ķ˼£ʱγɵһֻðŻƿٵĳպ޴˹ȥ

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159 ɱ
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ʵҶѾʼԽĸоˡתİˣֿµķֱ죡
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պ޵˫ĿȻϴ޷ŵɫţҶ죺
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160 ħıצ
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Ҷ¶һ˿Ц˵պȻҶĴһҲǵĴζѣΣɱļһҶȴϿɶԷϵһ
ǾǶԷľԵ֪ͼ֮Ի룬ȫΪһֱһ޷ڸǵֱ˵Ҷ첻ʹ˷һš
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Ȼպ仰֮ޱȹŹֵĿһ˵
ĵħצôС𣿡
ȻǷ̣仰֮ݺݵس鴤һ£ڵĻ֪ԼǶôĹѪ
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ġѪ˵ĻѪҺƿؿ˿ɱȵģڼȻʧȥһұ۵ĻֻиһµֱˣûܲһֱӰɣʧȥ˰ұ֮ҵʵԵĻۿۡ
ǿ߶ԣǶպȳĴ˵ǲܸһ˵ƽӹȥģ˵ǸٶҲηģ


161 ƽ
ѪѪû뵽ҾȻĻһջΪۣ
պΪԳ˵Ҷ¶һĨ֮ɫ
Ҫһæ
ҶԣɵΪ⣺
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պ޿Цѵָеһֻݵĵħצ
ƺһֱֻԶһЩֻʧȥһұۣ˵Ҫһˡ
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Ҷ츧ŵħצ˵Ȼ˵ԼеĻǾԿһضϵĳ̶ȣҶеܣɲʹ˵ĳպ޵ǰ
˭˵иˣħצô򵥵ĻɱĵħԼʵˣҪ˵Ҫ㽫ʣµұ١
һҶɫɵ΢΢һ䡣
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պ޽еĵħצԼĶϱ۱Ȼһ֮󣬲ȷһط˵
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Ҷ쿪ʼ𽥵Ķպ˲СĿһһ̵ܹĿ¶֣ⳣԵѾԲˣǰһܹԼݵĵ˵κε¶޷ҡԷеľˡ
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ռз·ǹγһµ쭷һ㣬ϵڿռķţ

ǿպ̲סĴЦʱָԭƣĳ̶ֳϣʵȴҲøǿȻӿȥޱȵĿֲʵ϶ԷȴҲȥںޱȵ˷ܣȻǶԼϵı仯ޱȵĿģԼʧȥһֱۣǲȥںˡ
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Ҷ죬һţǷ飬һὫ仹ġ
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ǲǰǳֵö֮һȻ֪ڵõ˶ٵɫȴһָоӦһеĴӮңˣ˵һöҽˣ滹һЩѰҲѾòˣڽҪһʱ䣬ﵽʦΪǾԵĲܾʹ뿪ˣԼɡ
仰֮Ҷĵ˵ͷ֪һǱ̼ˣûǿʵֻǻܵ˵Ϯ
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ʱҲҪҸطúõһ£Ϊ漰ͼڵطݲñڳ˵Ͳһˡ
Ҷĵ˵ͷڶԷ˵൱ϿɣϾطȻǿޱȣʱȴҪһ൱ԵĻһ˴Ļܻܿ˵Ĺһ񣬸οĻطĽɣԼһʵĲ˼ڶԷǰۿ
ͶԷֵ֮ҶٴεѰĳûдĻһεԣʮʱˣúõذһ£ԼʵԼٵġ
ͻȻʱһֵڤз˳֮Ҷвɵһ΢΢һţʱɰӰҶǰ
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Сװ˵˶ٴ˲Ҫˮմҵ·ϡ
ĸżϵСһҶЦ˵
Ȼ⻰ûжٵԽķ
óʱûгԿˣЩ
ҶЦ˵仰֮󣬶ʱСһ˫Ŀʼû˵ı㳯ɭֵ˽ȥ
ߵʵҶȻ൱ŵģСףһʵ̫ˣֻһֻ۵С޶ѣڿĻԷνСҪǿĶ࣬ԼµȻûпԷӣȴѾо˶ԷĿֲѹɼһԽĲˡ
åãҶҲ൱ĻɣȻԷһ޺ӣȴµȥһ൱ڣȻһǿֶεġ
˻ڿΪöɫԼɫʼܶʱҶȴѾ뿾״̬˵״˿ĻĶˣ龰ĶԱȳ̶ʵ̫ǿ˵㡣


162 Խ
ʱٴεУʮյҲ漴ķɿȥˣεĴҵҲһյʱоʹ˳һ
ǧ˵ĳ̶Ƚ˷֮Уµʱܹȴֻвһĳ̶ˣЩȥ˵еΪеΪۺֻܹ˵ǶΪԼʳ̫ˣԼ޷ıԼе
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ɱ¾һӻڼţЩѾڰУصȴʱ䵽֮⣬˶ûѡ
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ⱻ޷ŵпԿĳʱǶô𾪣һ˫۾е޷ŵɫȻ˵ŶԷû뵽һ֡
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ڶԷǲĵУٴεĻһеĳĽԷһİˣ
ӵʲôط˵ķԭͬĻ飬ʱ̷˵Ŀʼ໥
˶˽ģΪԼҫҲΪԼصѧԺܹ֮ܵѧԺͼνȻҲʼĿ⿪ʼתƵͬˡ
ɭֵһþ޴Ĳˣźɫ۵߾ţ֦ǵǰƺ㲻ʲôϵȻû֦ĶѣУǵ˫ĿҲˡ
һˣвһӵʱҪˡ
˵¶һĨŹֵɫ
ߺߣɱ¾ɱ¾ЩֻǱǰЩɱˣɱԼͬ飬һ໥ľͬ飬һӶ޷Ͼ硣
ߺߣϾ磬һôЦʰǶδﵽοء
˵𽥵Ŀʼֻǻǵ˫Ŀȴʼ¶һĨ޷ڸǵڴ
ʱһһĹȥˣɱ¾Ҳ𽥵ĿʼͣЪһεɱ֮еƺҲ˱仯˲١
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ÿѧԺ˵ޱҪģȻʵ֮⣬ҲһɻȡĴڣǷ֮пνһнпܣ˼ԼѧԺеĳԱʵ΢ȴҲɵıкܴ
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ҶʵȻɵģûҲ˵ĿҲΪԭ˵ŻӵĽ˲ǷܹΪֻҪúõĻԵĿǴһǿĴڣʱ򣬴ʵҲΪĳֶı䲻ٵġ
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ǵùŷ骣ڴͲעˣǶԷʬ嶼ѾܿˣһԵڲǰ˸͵ڻ֪˭أ˲²ⳣеǶԷǵõö

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Ҷȴ¶˹Źޱȵĳ֮ɫ
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ɫĹâӳ˵ǰνĽɫɫȵȵĹâѾʼԴӵĺˣǵ˫ĿѾȫǰһƬɫĹâסˡ

Цķ˳Цѵ˳˪֮⻹ж٣ǵʱѾֻЦ⣬ڸղŵֵǶʱһɨ⣬ϻʲôǰֵÿĵˡ
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ΧĿռŤ֮ĵϾȻĻһ׳ĦۼǿֲϢ;ʱԶĶٸûлᷴӦûзӦû뵽ԷȻ˵Ĵ󵨶ҲҪ
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Ҷ춼ûзʩչһеʱüеһʮֽһӡȴһĨصĲ뵽ʽС

նһȴҶǼᶨͳ֮ûжٵĳޣǶԷȴŵĶԼɱҲֹһεҪɱԼĴʦǿ߶ˣԼڤĻڤǱ֮ͷ˿ߣֵɺ£Լôܻȥ˵ҶУⳣ꣬ɣ
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166 Թˣ
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169 Ի£ۣͬ
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ǵ൱أԷʵǿ󣬰λޣлнӽʮʿǿߣʮʦаʦǿȻʣµЩȻֻ߼ĳ̶ȣȴҲﵽƷ۷ĳ̶ҲƷʵѾˣЩлܼҵӦܹе˼ɡ
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һԵ໢ԣϵļʱĳ鴤˼£֪ʱҶѾĴˣҶǱסˣƾżе˹ĻսʤЩˣҶҵʮȺԱޱȵǿ󣬵ȴҲ޷ˣԷʵ̫Ŀֲˣޣʵ߼ϣʿռһ룬ȫɱĶԿֻʱѡ
ˣ˾ͽѾӵţܿԸϹġ
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ڲˣӵʱ򣬸Ͻ뿪ѵ˵ҪԼһʣ𣿡
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˹ؼõıǰʮˣǵʵ͹Ǿĳ̶Ҳʷеעӡ
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Ի£ͬۡʦҸìͬԻ£ͬʦìꪡ
Ǳ׳ޱȵŭڳ˾Ȼ̲סȴѾ̲ס¶˾֮ɫ
ҲʱһĮдŷɱȴش˳ǡõĺ˵Ļ໥ӳһ
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Ի£ͬѡʦҼױС
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˱ΪԼһˣû뵽ǣ·ϾȻɱһǿߣڿ֮󣬱̲סĳһԵڤʵ
ιŰûзƺЩ찡
ڤµĳƺ֮ϵļ̲ס鴤һ£˵

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ǿϢСӱøǿˣƺҲòųˣֻСҵԽԽ˰ǲǸȥҪأ
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ٿҶڼе˶ѾΪǰҶǷ˵ʱǺԿλǿɫȴı仯

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ڵҶ֪뷨ĻԻ൱ĵ⣬թղںǿĿһ֮ҶѪʼң˵ȻҪһʱƽϢһ£ĽʷеŭշȫҲΪ̽ԷǲһСĵȻԷСĳ̶ʵ̫ǿˡ
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ͻȻںҶԿУеһλȻȻһһڼſֲѪҺݺݵ˳


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Ҷҵʵٴε˲֮ʷеɫɵ΢΢һ䣬ǾЩûзϣΪԼʵ
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ʱʦǿѾ¶˷ʹ֮ɫǻδȵӦҶƱȻĳ˺

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һʱҶΧȻ˲ʮλ޵ʬ壬Щ˵ߣʿʦĴڡ
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172 
ܵ˶Էֵ֮ǿҶҲʼ߲ٶȷչ˼£˾ʮߵӳѸٵĳ˫ϣٶȿƻ磬˸ǻһӰϵȥ
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ʱ˾ͽҲѾʼĺʷеȴ¶ޱЦݣϢ˵
ǰǡˣ


173 ˣ
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з·γʵһȻһ̶ĦĦ֮쳹˶ԵЩصѣС
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ʷйŹޱȵĿ˿ĲҶҵˣΪʱҶѾԼ˸ĵֿסˡ
ǰѪ꣬һĺȻʷевˣһɺɫӻضסʷУǱޱȵϢ·ɷĶħһγһɻһ㳯Ѹٵ
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һɺɫĶʷ΢΢ĻһĻߡ
СӣǺܴ󰡣һʧô࣬ȡҪĲߣҾԻҶҵȫŮΪūͣ


174 ɺۣ
Խ𣿡
ҶǱش˳ĴʷеĶߣ֮ʷе΢΢һ𣬵ȴЦֹ˵
ߣСӣٸʮʱ䣬һɵĺܣκεʮ꣡
һ֮Ыɽɫ΢΢һ䣬˵ǵȻϣȴҲ֪ҲʵԶԷȷʵпڶʮʱдﵽһεĴڡ
𣿵ѾҪʮˡ
ҶЦȻѸٵķ𣬶ֱӵ䵽Ǹ߿еķϣڸ߿עŵµˡ
һֿµ뷨Ѿʱˡ
Ȼ˵Ҷ൱ԼʱʹԺе뷨Ļܻܿ൱ңҶȴӵ֪һǲȥԵĻԼļܻܿ˵ıʷ

ʷеüͷ΢΢û뵽Ҷ쾹ȻôߣȻ֪Ҷ֮֮ȫΪڲϻڰ
СӡΪڰұ޿κǷȻ˵ڿƮÿյʱҪڵϢһ£ҵĹ۲ĻƺѾ˵ˡ
һҶȻķ˷ƺѾʼƣӣżɫҲһ
ڿҶϵֽɫ֮ʷеǿʼԽĿʱҶѾ˲ҶҵĸۡʷеѾ׵ĳ̶ȡ
ʷϵɫ֮ҶȻ¶˽ӣʵȴʼԽЦ
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Ҷ˫ĺһ𣬶һǿҵϢʼɢ˳뵽˴ʯеõģҶʼڴһˡ
뷨ǽʯǸӵ뷨ʵԷ뷨׻֮֮俪ʼ䣬Ȼ˵뷨ޱȵ쿰ƷޱȣҶȴоԷ൱ȡġ
κεһҪϵʵڵҶѾû˿Կǵʱˡ
뵽ַĿ֮ҶҲסĴһڵȴѾûеڶַˡ
˵ַһγɵĻҲҵһֶеľѧ˰ɡ
Ҷ΢Ц˵׻֮ʵԵޱǿİĻֳĳ̶Ϊ֮ġ
СӡҷȰ㻹ǸϽ뿪ɣһμʱ㻹ԼԼлЩŮΪҵ˷أҿĳлм׼Ů˰
ʷ˵һȻΪ˼ŭҶ죬ǶڶԷַʽҶȴδںΪʱѾڿʼ˼ԺеļأϵԼѧѧʼķֽЩϢ
оҶǲӣʷеɫ΢΢һһֹŹֵ뷨ϵسʷеԺУ
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ˬĸоϵʷег֣ȻźԶȴоҶƺڻԼʷǲᵣģֻȴһֲԤף
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仰֮ҶҲǿЦЦȴѾڵǲѡ

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ҶﵭĺȵϵȴԵøӵ
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ʷеɫ׵ĿʼıһִδйУָоİȴʷеɫþ
ޱȵĿʼѿˡ

·һĴһֻһҳıɫȻĴҶ˫лѸٵļȥ


176 Ԯ
ؼ·һ˲ʱȫıðޱȰͿֲصϢ·һĴڣе޲شһ
ǲһ׳̶ȵɫͬһѸٵʷе߱ޣɺɫ˸ޱȵĹâƺһ㣬ֲ޷
ӣϽӣӰΪʲôΪʲô嶯˰
ʷеɫʱ򶼿ʼľȻȴڷĴţϧεȥУȴһվ
ѹ
ǿޱȵѹҶѾȫʷмһȴҲ޷ֿסһѹĳ֣ӲҪ˵ƶˡ
ʱ俪ʼֹеʱ򶼿ʼһĶһֵĳ

Ҷ૵ĵ૵ȴޱȼžĻԵޱͻأ
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ɫĹâԼĴһ˿Ѿ糺ɺ֮ɫĺ⿪ʼзŰǱ֮⽫ԭޱů˲ĿʼһĶһ㡣
ԽԽɫ迪ʼƮԲ׵ķΧоȻ˲ķ·ʱ侲ֹһûκεϢ
䣡
ҲʱǱѾȫžĵطȴȻӿһֲޱȵ磬¡¡·ʱľһ㣬ԽԽĺʼĻۣԼһǧ׵ľӰʹϿĿХ
ꡭ
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ٴɢʮĵطȫĿԸоõǵϵ𶯡

ٵĴϢϵĴҶﴫ˳ҲʱǷ֪ʱĳߣһӽεؽˡ
ԽԽʹ˴лһǿҵ˺Ѹо
ʷеʮ˵ʹȫû˶ʱȫıǿҵıĶסˣлԼĿԿһ˿˿ĺâת
һ˺Ѻʷе˵ƺǸûκεʹѳ⡭
Уе˶ɵһĶǸźԶ˶Ըоͻǿǿֲĺֱڶûʧļ
ټĳУҵﶼʼøɺҶǺǲҵ״һжѾϳΪ˶֣ƺŲǴģǿΪӽ̶ȵĳڣǿԳƵ֮µ޵дڡ
Ǵʱȴ֪һ飬νѾĲܹˣոջҶ˲СȾָ֮뷨ˣʱȴʼޱȳĬжʼԵŭԼûպʱ
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ܻһγ˪ǰ˪˫ĿҲ΢΢ɱŷҲʼԵļƻҶܵ˺ĻҶѧԺʵҲЫɽݺݵسԸ
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˵ȻĳһĨ֮֮ĳֶʱ͵һᵽһ̲֮ס˫Ŀð
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૵ĵ˵һֻƴСɫ̨ѾڿƮ˹ȥ


178 ѣ̣һ
ҲãСһ˵ȴвСãССͱɷǲĻ»ɴˣѾõ˰ʱ䣬ҲѾϵɷˣǡ
ǿеİסеޱȵļСĽеһƴСɫ̨УɱոյĽӵ֣оԼĲ仯Ѱ֮޷һλǿߵ仯еһɱȴһ
ȻӵɱȻǿ󣬵һ̨֮Իǿ֮⣬ΪԷǾ֮ľʹһλǿߣϵؽŶԷĴһʯôʱ֮Ҳ˵̥ˣӲҪ˵ǧˡ
ӹеɱ֮ҲٳɣʱȻ֪鲻ܹϵ̫ˣҲ˵ĿʼǷڵĵطʼ˹ȥͼ̵ʱиеС
ķУ֮ϵ֮ƺǴĳһ㲻ϵؿʼûߣռԵһϢɾһ̬
ķУһɵҩ֮ϵش̴ľϵĵȼЩ̴ľȼյʢȴû˲˿Ǻ˸УȻҲǷƷ֮
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ǰĻǾͺͳԷһ򵥣ȫһʹޱȣÿһĶԴﵽ˺ѷΰľʹ˼һСϵĺˮҲѾð˳
ҿʱҶ֪ҶҪϢûȥû˵Űһӣ±ᱻҶǿеȥϢˡ
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Ϣ֮ʼҶɳٶԽԽĿʼչ뵽Ҷ֫ٺС
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Լϵ𽥵ĿʼָҶ̲ס˵


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Ŀ£ҶڲѾʼ𽥵Ŀʼ뵽͵ĳ̶ȣԭɬҲʼʧˣһε̫أתĵҲѰʱҪ
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ȴ֪Լʱǲܹʹˣϰˮ۲ˣǲץʱ佫ԼĻԺøӵѡ
У˵Ըǲܹϵģ˵Ҷһηˣһαٴεʰ
ǿеĽϵƣѵĸоݺݵ˦Ҷ쿪ʼҧסת
ϵƣ̶ѾԽΣʱҶҲԼĴѪɲǵƾԽ䲹ģҪһʱܹȫɡҴﵽ۷һĳ̶ȡ
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תȻķһǿĴ߶֮Ҷĺ𽥿ʼƽԽԽԪʼɿѾٴεĲǿҵ
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Ҷ찵Եȴӵһ飬һбҪﵽЧĻҪϵȥƺһе൱鷳ڿʼʱ㱻˵ΣҶ̲סĴһ
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һűʼԲͬʽչ˳˵ԵĻԵ磬ȻҶӵֻһΪ׿Ƶˮ˵Ը㶨ҪĻ൱ѣֱһ㡣
оԼϻĲ֮ҶٴεĿЦ
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뵽Щ֮ҶʱĸоԼϵ亹ʼð˳
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Ҷ쿪ʼԼСתתҶϱȴʼùŹ
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Ҷס૵ǵģʱȻ൱ľȵģϾ˵ܹʮĳ̶ȴﵽЧѾѵˣʮʦȻ㲻Ǿ󣬵ǳƵǿǰˡ
ΪؼҶƺոյĴﵽʦƷĳ̶ȣŹ˶೤ʱ䰡ٴεĽ뵽ʦƷĳ̶ȣٶƺŻҲѾûʲôˡ
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Ȼ˵ʱȷʵѾﵽʦƷĳ̶ȣҶ첢Ҵ⣬ϾսвųֵͻƣǸķ涼൱ι̣һԼȥĹһµĻǶԺĳɳ϶൱Ӱ졣
Ϊؼһ㡪
νĵвټܶΪѰǿøַķʽͻƣ˵ķʳҩǽ֮òֶνнȵȣЩȻ˵ҲǿʵڽʱͨҲԼ൱ȣ
һֲȵĻٲȥ̿ǺܿԼ޷ӦǿյĽǵԺҪٴεĴﵽȼĻҪķѵʱ;ԶԶԭЩˣʮʮĳ̶ȡ
ҴҶСĽԼٴγԽɵĿʼһãһ濪ʼ޲ԼϵƣڲϵصԼ״̬Լĵ﹮ͻı仯


180 ɱ
ǿ֮ɫ·һڲϵţԪѾγʼҶͨʮǧëĴţǵķ΢ıٲȻһִǿĦ
ҶɫʱѾָķɫϵЩµ˿ʱѾȫĻָЩѾ¶ɭɭ׹ǵĲλѾɫļˡ
ʱҶȫļ·һһ㣬ĳЩĲλ֮⣬ѩޱȣּ˭˶̲סۣҿҶڻδ˷֣ûЩŮӿĻԻڵһʱȥȻݺݵرסҶѯʶԷıġ
Ҷչ˰յʱ֮ҶıǿеξŻıսڣ漴ĿԴϵĺɫɫ岻ϵŷųʱĲƽŷųҲʼϵؼ١
Լά˰Сʱʱ֮еҲʹ˱ȫŷ˳һˬĸо漴֣ЩǻҶеͨķʽǿеŷ˳
Ҳˣ˵ҶҲ˱ϵΪʱ̡
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صĺâȻĴҶ˫Ŀ˳ȥٵڿдһƿֲУ˫ĿպϼһޱȵĸоĺУͶУϢݻһֲ²ĸоʹ˲ҶһּٴζʷҲԽһȭĸоҿҶǱȽϵļᶨ˽ָоٵ˻
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һλշһ߲֪ʱĳҶǰǴִָϵذڶ¶˿Цõӡ
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ҶҲûн˵вδ¶κεķУҲûеĸ߰еֻһֲϢ
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˵εںܶʱҪȥɱ˵ֻΪ˼һĿԴ󷢵ļʱ㽫ɱ˿¼һǿҲǻ൱ĵġ
Ϊǿߣһ㣬˵뵽һ㣬˲ŻὫɱҶ졣
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һε뵽ձʵ֮ҶѾˣԷԻδﵽʦƷ۷ĳ̶ȣֻΪԷںԼʱʹõĹֵһЩ϶δ˵ķ
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183 ǰ
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184 īǣ
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ǡתһıǰԵޱȵؼԪ˵ҶһһǿΧԪڲĺɫ쭷ټİһеһҶĵȷʵֻ࣬ҪǶǱεĴУһԣҪȫĵǱȽѵġ
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Ҷ˵߲֮ƺǿҶеʣ͵
⵹Ϊϲ߲㣬ҪĻԵİȽϵʺϺȾƣٺ١
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˰Сӣˣÿ˻϶Щֵģûһôණ
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186 ֮ء۶
ǰԵ˲ĴīУǰŨҲīеǿʼɫ
ɫĲֻǣνķүѾʼԴǰ׳գȻ˵ԸӵܵͣȴҲǻᶯӵġ
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˵ٴָŻʹԶһСɽ˵
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˵ͻȻһֲıž峿쳹Ҷõɫ΢΢һ䣡


187 ӥӥۣ
ǻʹеһλ䳡ۼǧƵˣЩӻϲŹ۱һĳװ磬Ůǳȹװ磬дһĨڸǵĸ߹
Щ˻϶ǸˣҲ˵ǵҲǿ֪ˡ
䳡ĳ൱Ĵ󣬴Լһ򳡵ô󣬶γһԲε״̬Ѱ֮İ˽ӽ׵ĳ̶ȣٲȻһյ״̬
ΧγһĽݣڽݵһλȻΪϯõġ
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Ŵӻ͹ʱЩ˵вٵ˷ܣȻǰһΪĿġ
ǻʹ֮еһأÿһζ˽еġÿһεɱһЩǿʵ޽бȶĴڻһñЩ֮ìʵ޷ĻҲ
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ŮӴԼʮ˾ӣһۺɫĹװͷһ˵ķޣµȻʩ۲ʵȴԵøӶׯѩɫһɫ壬ĹŮģԵԽ޳Ľ͹£Ǽѩдںɫĳۡ
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ӴԼʮŵʮӣףӢģͦεһĳۣ˿νǷ棬ӥ˵ҪҪҫ۵Ķࡣ
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˵ⳤҲʹ쳹ĴУӥ۵˫ĿȻеľ޸ʼ𵴡
ĸӰ˿ֲޱȵһ㿪ʼıŷڲǼʱ֮Ѿǿе
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һеһڵʱǡɱΪԭʼ
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ռȻŭǧ˿ƵľЩȫĲ֮ȻΧһ¶ӵʵӡǡ
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ԷӺżƣȴһ۵ʣȻҲһĺݶ
˱ؼҵļ;λ۶Ŵ֮һǷƿߡ
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ƼҵļƾԣƼҺؼһֱ൱Ĳϣ˵ǹ׷Ѱǧ֮ǰˡ
ӥۣƾԶҪԼˣΪһŮ˵ӥۣҲǲȥʣӥĸ׵ȥ׷ʹؼңºΪؼҵĴҲʹ˲֮ˡ
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ؼԼƼҲһϹȻҲһ壬ǺѾǧ֮õƼҡؼȽȻǲܶࡣ
ϹҵŮϹٷνһɶõˣʮΪòڣԸ˳˱ٵǿ꿡ѡ׷ѰκϹٷȴͺӥ˽һֱڵȴӥ۵Ĺ
һϹҵļҲ֪ģȴδ谭ϾƼȻδܵƼ˵ӣձ󰡣ӥεĲӣȴҲչƼҵӵܣܹõƼҵ֧֣Ϲҵķչγ죿
û뵽Ǿڲ֮ǰؼҵ˾ȻҲҵϹףҲϹٷȴϹټʼΪ
еĳèģƼҺؼ֮ĶԿѾˣǴκεһ˵Ļȥ׵ĵ壬ڱ˵ӵϲԼŮ޸ӥۣϾ֮ĽҲǱȽϴģؼŻ֮Ƶ˵վĲ䡣
ʱؼôܾʹ˵ĸģõϢ֮ӥ۲ɵ÷ɿĳŵ۶γǰһĻ
ߺߣʼӡҵǺڴǸĶεӦؼҵľŶˣ֪ԼӻδʹҲ˵ĸͳƼҹߺߣһ˵˻ҪסؼҵĹ𣿲ǶӿѾﵽʦƷĲˣǶʲôΰᡭǻ֪ɣ
;סԼ㵵˵
Ȼ˵ʱƾ֪Էڴ̼ԼȴɻˣԼδϹĴڣҲżѪһ˵Ļǽ൱Ķ˵ġ
ߣһʦƷ۷ȴ۸һûнйͳˣǺ˼ڰҵĻֱӵһѵͱԼˡ
˲ƾķ
ߣǾ͵Ķɡ
;˵
ˡ
һĲʹ˵Ĵ˳֮ƾԺ;ɵĳ䶷Ͽ˹ȥǰ龰ȴѾǿʼ΢΢ı仯ɫ
һöɢſֲϢӡǲϵسӥ۴ȥǾڿǰʱǽеĵȴһֱǰȥһ¶ƺǷ
ʲô
ɫ΢΢һ䣬ʱӥ۵ȴʼޱеľ޸Ȼֶĳ˹ȥ
ߣ㻹Ϊκβ𣿡
ɱŭĴʱѾг׵ķŭΣԼһ˼еĴ࣬һֱ֮ƵĹ⻷ΧƵĴڣھȻ޷κһûоͳߣһƵϣԿ
䡭
Ǿҵı֮󣬶ʱ䶷Ȼĳһµľˣ˷ǵΪµıŽɵ˺Ч
УһöʼӡѾ׵ĽԼȫ˳Ҳ˵ĵΧ䶷سһĴӡ
ߣ
ϣ
һ֮󣬴һ޴ľ޸Ҳ˵ĿʼĲ嵽˵ϡ
Ҷ㶷ùôǱը嶼Ҳˡ
ǿһۿԿóʼӡıը֮ѾȫĽӥըĩڳ˵Լǰӵġ
ǾʱһޱȵľȴȻĳĺ󱳴˹ȥڳԹ۲ĽǶ£ӥۿʼˡ
һ;ʱͫȴھҵâһͫ׽Ķӥۣ¶˲˼ɫڸղŶδӥεĶԷĽġ
η
۵૵ĵȴҲ΢΢¶һ˿Ц⣬ȻǶӥޱȵ⡣
ѾסԼСϹٷʱȴ΢΢ĲһԼ¶һ˿ѵõЦ⣺
ӥ磬ͣ
ӥ۵һػݺݴ֮ûƷľֱӵһʺĶĳ֮Ѿղŵֿʣ෴޾ŤͿµ
쵰Ҫɱ㣬ɱ㣡

һɫشӥ۵ȡҷɿ趯ǻ̬ٲȻڸǶôóǾ޸˵ӵǿ
׹Ы޵β͡
ļʶǳһ۱㿴˳Է
ֻǺɫһڽڵĹǽԵޱˣһֻµĹӣ·һ˸˿ֲıâ
ǵģһβͣȷʵǰ׹Ы޵βͣһҶ쾭Լġתϴ֮ŲģΪ׹Ы޵βͱǳļͣϡתĴ֮ǿ̶ѾѶá
ɱΪǿʽҪ޵ſʩչһֱ׹Ы޵β޶δùе˶ΪӥΪóǾ޸


189 ŭ
ܺðû뵽֮ʵһҪǿĶֻ࣬ǣ˵Ҫ˺ܶࡣ
˵ɱͽ
һڷƨ𣿺óóؼҵһֱϲ˵Ŀ𣿡
һλӥЩƵĽе
ƼҵĶӣƴһֱӥ۵ĹϵʱȵΪӥ˵
ģ죬ѵ˵㲻֪˵ʵ˵𣿡
һλ̨ǰ˵˵֮ƴɵԴȴ˿ĵЦݡ
ڣƼҵĴӣҲδƼҵƿߣȻ˵ӥۣǲӭȴҲų⣬ڹؼʱ򣬻ѪĹϵռϷ磬ĻȻǱЦȴòٵ˿ʼ˽
һٶƾԵע⣬ֻȴδֹһ㣬ֻ;ɫʼԽѿ
ƾԡؼң
ƾȻԵõ˵
ҼڲѾֹ𣿡
;ɫԽѿǺɫʱѾʼޱѿһ֮ƾǽһְҲڰ
ʵƺǿûнܹͳѧʵԿĳʷǷ֮ҪúõһˣĸףҲˡ
ԽԽʼ֣Ǵ඼ǶĲͱӣѾĶ˴ȥˣȻڴԲѵĽ̵Է
žžž
΢΢𣬶ʱһǿޱȵıʱıŷ˿߾ʹɣ
ܺãҪȫˡ
ݡ
δȵӥ۷ӦֻǰһӰʱϵļ⿪ʼĶΧȫĳȫѨλʼϮϵҲͬâһ̼ϵļ⣬ڼ΢ʱѣӥ۵ȫѾѪ㣬ȥޱȿֲ
΢֣
һȻĴӥ۵Ķ쳹˲洫֮ӥ۵ɫʱһ䣬βѸٵĿʼչͬһܲȫסԼ壬ǾʱԷľȴ·һȫƿķʹݺݵؾһơ
䡭
͡
һ󼱴ٵĺ֮ӥӦɳеβ޽Ľ˦˵ϣһµĺۼ
ûء
һ֪ʱĳУĽ˲併䵽ӥ۵ߣֱӽĺ·Ͽˡ
ɣ
죡
ޱȵĿ٣
ʱʱѾԼٶȷӵ˼£ڳ˵гЩʦǿ֮⣬ܹҲһĨӰѡ
пգ
ϡ
еĳʱȻķµıӥʱƾȻʼıƮƮУеβ޲ϵ趯ѸٵγһȦһȦѺۼʹ˵Ĳؿʼ
Ǹֻľɱǿ󹦷ɱϵһεչʾĿֲ
𣡣
һͬĺʱͻȻĴ˳עβУѸٵγһҵĺɫߡ
Ǿ޴ԴŲɫͫϵ˸˿ֲĹâ
ȥ
ӥ۵ĺȵɱʱֱ
⣡
ĺ⣡
뵽ĸ׵Ĳ뵽Ĳ뵽˶ԷıȣһеһͳͳĻĺ⡣
ںʹ£ӥ۱ˡ
šȥֵĳ֣Ǿ޴߶ʱĻ˺ӰѸޱȵĳ˹ȥ
Ʋ񷣡
ĺȵʱһ澹ȻٴεĲ˿ĲڶԷ
ԭĽУŭ֮ĽȻȻľۼһĻһֲޱȵľ޽еΪӶ
䡭
ޱȿֲʹ˵ĲǾ޴ĺɫߺͿֲľ޴һһεĽײޱߵʼܲϵɢԼķΧ
þõδӥնɱټƼҵ˲ϵڳĽϵĽ֮󣬶ʱģʼŭ
ң
䣡
ǿĽڵÿʼж˺ɫߵԴ޴ĽٴεķɢǧƵʼߵи
ʤʱѾ˶֡

һɴֱӴɳȥӥʱ򲻿ظĿʼѪǿ֨춯ҲϵðٲȻѾ˵ԼĽˡ
ۡ
һڵѪ˳лŵ⣬ʵĲᡣ
ʤ˾ʤ˰ɡ
˵
Ļ֮Զһλ׳˵ĵ˵ͷĶ˺ȵ
ʤؼҡ
ش֮ӥ۵޾ٴεӿͷ

ĺޱȵĶݣǾʱ򣬹صȴٴεķˣֻƺŭһ㣬Լϵƣĺ
쵰㾹Ȼ˵ң֣㾹Ȼ˵ңҪɱ㣬ɱ㡣
ʱĲڿԭָʱȻָСĴָָʱѾȥˡ
ȥ
˵ȻѾſڵϺ޻֮ӥ۴ȥ
ң
䶷׳Ӷʱķŭޱȵŭ

ϹٷҲĽˮֱӵĻϣʱھϺӥ۲ʮ׵ľ룬˼Ҳˡ
ۼǳҪӥ۵ͷϴ̴ȥͻȻʱһֲȻĴ洫˳
ޱߵɱʱ·һ㣬һЩʵһЩʦµǷ׷׵Ŀʼս
ڻδ˷ӦʱͻȻһ̬ľȻĳ嵽䶷Уٶȿ죬쵽˼ޣڳ˶δüӦǴʦǿ߶ڵһʱ䷢֣ʱѾеӥ۵üģޱȵĺ
һҪ
ޱȵĺ
ҲʱһޱȵشʹУ
ҵˣҲҶ
˵еϢƺһ˲ʱȫļžĦһеһжȫľֹһ㡣
ȻǿֲɱͻȻĳֱӵĴ̴һ㣬ѸޱȵĽǸ߿еƶȫĽˡ
꣡꣡
ʱ˲ŷ֣һλźɫ۵ɱվ䶷棬ƮУɺɫͫ˸˵Ϣ
УֱӱŲ
ıɫɺɫϵɡ
޴ĳֲߣͻֿµ޻Ӱϵ߻ƣǾ˵ɱ⡣
١
ӥ۵˫Ŀ¶޷ŵɫڿһɺɫʱвɵӿů⡣
Ϊ֪ŭˣΪŭһֹŹֵĸоУǰһоֻһʿݡŭ


190 һŭ֣
Ҷӡ쵰Ҫ𣿡
;ɫʼޱѿ˵ʺؼ˵ŭҶû˿ĵ֮ɫʱһɺɫֻĶе
𡭡
ߵĻӰΧĿХ
ǳ۵ɫҲŭ֮һȴĶߣ
ǺǡСӰڰɡ
֮󣬳۵ɫʱһ䣬ŭȫʧˣϻ¶һĨصЦ⡣
Ϊ˲Ǳˣеػ
ܹʼˣȻ˵Ҳʹǳ۵пʼ²
СӡϷſ
;ŭҲѸٵĻһֻ޴һʼѸٵĳ䶷˹ȥ
㡭ܲ˵ģ⡭ǻʹСӡ㡪ˣ
¶˷ɫĺ
Ҷ΢΢Ŀһڳؼ֮ˣ΢΢ĿʼһЦ⣺
𣿵Ӧɡ
˵ҶƾȻȻĽݺݵת󡶾תʹѸٵڶԷľؼȻ˹ȥ

ԼĶӾȻ˵һ˹ȥ;ɫʼޱѿǸӿµȴҲʱˣֻԭſֲ֮󱻺ݺӹȻȻһޱϬķʽʼʹΧɢ
͡
ѪУ;޷ŵУ˫ȾȻʹըƬ
ʱĳ˲俪ʼðԵ˶Ҷ졢Լؼ֮˵ϲϵؿȥΪڵľѾΪؼá
ǳۣ˷ķӦȻƽǶĳָδжٵľȡ
һﵽʲôˣ
ڳ޲ʼޱȵĶꡣ
ɱ
;ɫޱĺʧȥ˫֮εţҲǷһˣԺܹͻƵʦĳ̶ȣȴҲ޷ֲʧȥһ˫ˣ˽ӽʮһ˲ȴΪӰ;εĲŭ
ףҪҪ֣
ƴ̲סʵڶʼ¶ʵɫȻǶʹˮҲ൱ϲġ
ߺߣҪˣûпڵǷǳص̬Ȼݲһ㰡˭أ

Ŵ˳ߣղô̶̵ʱ䣬ȴѾʼЩʰˡ
ۣϷʧˣû뵽Ȼһʧ
֮󣬱ѾжϵĳȻҲȫȷ˶ԷݣЦ˵
赣ģѾˣ鲻Ҫȥֵĵǵġ
仰֮ɫɵ΢΢һ䣺
Ҳ𣿡
Ц˵
˵ʵֲǲ֪컯εĸӦСһʵֻƼҵСεܹǣһأҶԷʵҲˣǺǣȻԽһʦƷ۷ǿ˿ľӻˣ̶ȹȻǲͬѰ
Ȼⳤ۶ҶʵѾ൱Ŀ϶ˡ
꣬ǽ𣿡
ܰ¶˺֮ɫ˵
۵Ѿð˿֮ɫ˰ŮĻ֮ص˵ͷ
ǰǽֻǱеĻҪãǺǣСһﰡֻһ͵һ壬ɼСһﻹһµ
ﻹʲôŭȻϲĲˣһʮﵽ̶ȵǿߣ˭Ա֤ԷԺܹﵽĸ߶ȣ²Ǵʦĳ̶ˣҼϴ֮󣬺˵һﲻﵽĳ̶ȣһ޿ܴﵽʵĴڣһѾļȽϣеȻǿɼһˡ
ؼҵʱѾ׵ķˣǸⳤ۵ĴڣеıȻĳ֡
ȡץ
ҶĺȵȻɫѸٵΧٵĿʼתɫĻԺϵҲʱĿХ
ޱȱ֮;ɫʱĿʵҶĵȼҪߣΪؼҼѾʦƷʵĲˡ
˺׵ıԸоĳҶĺǶôĿֲ
ˣ
;Ľ
Ļ֮󣬶ʱʮ߰˸ؼҵѸٵĳ˵ӰȻٶȴﵽ˼޵ĳ̶ȡ
Ҷ˵߾
Ƿ񶨵ģֻҶЦһ֮ѸޱȵĳŶԷ˹ȥ
𡭡
һɫĳȻ͸˲ʱУ˫оʮ֮ٵļӳ֣Ȼĳ˾Լһλؼǰ

û˿ĳɣҶ˫˵Ѿûı
͡
Ȼ͸壬ʱڶԷϿٵĳѪ
󵨣
һλŻ۵ȻĳҶ˹ǳӶУ˵ľ˾Ȼֱӵе˹ȥ
ǿʵȻҪ͡
ž
ȵ䵽˵֮󣬴˵ɫʼޱȷŭ
ڿλ֮߳;ϲɵ¶һĨϲɫ
ˣ
ϵĳۣ˵
ȴȥˣ
꣡
ʱҶҽȴȻ߱һؼӵܵ壬䵽˵ϣӻóһöҩݸӥۣ˵
ȥ
ӥǿҵĴϢż¶˸мǸɫ
û뵽ǣ˳ҡҡ
Ҷ΢΢İ˰˵
ƨҶҵˣǣԺǣΪҶҵˣǲܾʹܵίġ
ߵ˫Ŀ΢΢ЦֹĶҶ˵
СӣĵӲСȻʹ˵ķǴΪǿ䶷أκε˶ԳƻеĹģΪѾȫĴĹ涨˵ɣε
ӥ۵ɫʼúҶŻվ壬ŶԷ˿ε˵
ͷ۾Ϲ𣿱ѾˣղǸ׳ȴҪ֣ȴƻ˹㻹ʹˣմ𣿡
仰߳׵ҭסˡ
ߡܺãǲײĲᣬϷ㵽жٵĽȻ˷
˵ߵȻĳŵһ̤

΢΢ĲУԷٵĻһǿҶ˹
ʦƷ𣿡
ҶĻһĻߣаԵЦ


191 һУ
˭ǵƻĹǱƣ
˿ɫ˵˵䣬ҲʼϵرŷΧӿɢ˱Ϣ
ʦʵŵʼԽǿ߼˵
ΪάҵϺϷԲ
ʦǿ׵δֹÿһεĳ֣ޱصģ˳˺Ѽȼǿߵսʱߵĳ֣ʵһءҵʼøȤԵ˵ס˺ɫǰδеڴ
ؼҵ˿ʼ¶˿ȵɫΪǰ߲ǱˣǵؼڵһλѣҲһλһʮǿߣΪڤ죬Ҳĳ֣ؼҲŸ޼ɵ£ϻķ˵š
Сˡ
;ԽʱҪ¶һЦݣԺжڿʼϵعҶǲΡ
Ѿ˸˴үˣֻΪ黹Ҫү𣿡
һλһ֮ɫĶ;ʵ
ߺߣڤһˣСҲˣؼƺѾ˵˲ٰȫؼлһλżĴڣƼһļ壬ǳƺҲѾȴǴӵݺʵˣˣһҪҼϴһεЩʶؼҵϲַ
;ɫʼޱ˵
ԭˣߣʵǸߣ
¶˾֮ɫ˵
Щڤ첻ϵذؼңؼΪǵĸоѾ۶ĵһˣʱԼһˡ
м˵
ĵ˵ͷ
ȷʵˡ
ͻȻɫ΢΢һ䣬ȻĸоǲԶɽһĨĲĲһµһս⳯߳ʵսޱȵɫȴʼԽѿ
ôˣ
Щ˵
ߺߵĿһԽؼ֮ε˵
ɽжˣҲһλʦǿߣƷ۷ĳ̶ȡ
һ۵üë΢΢󻺻˵
Ǹ𣿡
ĵ˵ͷ
ˡ
۵ɫҲʼ΢΢Ĵ궯Уһʼķı
ƺ̫ʴ˰û뵽ؼ֮˾Ȼ˵Ĳˣߣܺãܺð
ⷬĳ֮󣬳۵϶ʱıһ˿µŭɱ⣬ǻߵϢɿɢνĵ֮İԵԹı˳
ǶеˣľۼԼƣʱҶѾǰϵļһԽ
ʦǿȻǿ󣬵ҶںôʱУ۹ͼʶͲǰǰ̬ˣ˺ɵıԿĳԷȻһʦƷ̶ȵĸ֣ȴԲ۷塣
Ʒ۷ָʵҪͻƵµĲ֮ĳƺǰһҲǲŴʦƷ̶ȶѡ
˵ķϻôôడ
ҶЦ˵
ǶԷڴʦǿߣһƷĳ̶ȣҶҲ˿Ĳ¶ԷеĴʦǿ۷̶ȵĴڶѾкܶˣȥһССƷ̶ȡ
ǿǿҶ졪¹˭
ҪӲؼ˵߹һŴʦ̶ȵϹ
Щӥۣ̲סĶҶѵ
ߣϷ򣬸Ϸ
ڤɫޱѿĺʲôʱʦǿ߾Ȼ˵ı
˵ڤѾһӰȻĳӥ۳˹ȥ΢УһµĹâ漴š
һ䵶һ޴䵶Ϻһĳ̶ȡ
ĲѸٵĻ۵䵶棬ͬһһı䵶ĵϵԷìͷȻӥۡ
ڤ쾹ȻҪɱ

ҶŭըһĺʱԽֲ˫ȻĳŶԷĴ˹ȥ
γɻצָ΢΢Ĵżıơ
Ѫ˺ʱҶַͬһ˲ʹ
𡭡
ֲֿĻӰʱѾȫγһֻ޴ɺɫͻǸߴʮ׳̶ȵͻȻĳ쳤Х˫צݺݵسŶԷһҶĶȥ
ΪԼĴʦǿ߸ĲҪȥںһСϾԷʵȻ׽͸ȴҲ϶Ǵʦĳ̶ȣȻڳԼȼϵ԰ˡ
ܵǷޱȵĽǿƥľ֮ɫʱĿʱҲѾӥߣ޷ػֻܹԼӲĲסԼ
Сҵţ
ڤޱŭĺ
ǾʱɫȴʼˣұޱѿԼǴʦƷĳ̶Ȱ
ԷǴ̥￪ʼѧҲܱԼǿɣʵȴޱȲпġ
ҶĽ׾ٵƿķת·һһϵصһŶԷУ΢΢Ļһ£ȴһָѸ͵ݺݵؽԷ˳ȥ
ϵû˿ԥڽӴ˶ԷĽ֮󣬱ɿķһı
ˣ
ڤд󺧲ѣһĿʼȥʱҶô˵뿪
߳
δʧʱǰ׷ѪӰȫİΧס˶Է壬û˿ԥĿʼϵĽ
ۡ
ڤҶǲ˲٣棬ܵ˵ش֮Ҳ̲סһѪ

ֱӵĴɳȥڤݺݵڵĦϵ·ͱ״Ѫ©˿ȥޱǱ
ꡭ
Ҷҽźݺݵǰ̤һһɺ˫ĿĶؼҵˣƣɱ⣬˿δڸǡ
ڤ߷Լһʦǿ߾Ȼ޷ӦһģСǺεȵ谡

ܰ˵ƺǷһ˼һ㣬ϸǻһĨЦݣֻЦȴһ˿ħζ
ȫž
е˶סԼĺ˫Ŀи޷ĿǰһС
Ǹ߸ϵĴʦǿֽİɣ
ҶһĶؼҵˣǴʱؼȴѾʼԽĽǰҶʵ̫ǿˣǳǿ
ȫһƬļžŵһǿѹ


192 ؿ
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ɱҶϲϵţȫûһ˸ȥ˵ǿҵӾϵĳ𺳣Ѿȫǵģֻ壡
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һضµĺɫͻȻĴӵмĳ֮ؿĻһɫ⿪ʼҶΧĵǰⷽԲʮ׵ķΧеɫ
ԭγɵЩɫĽʱѾȫĻɫ
һҪʲô
ҶаҲʱһĦȼʹ˴뵽ҶĶߣȻĵͷȥȴĿϾȻһĸʴСӡ
ʲô
Ҷ弱Ŀʼһȥ
𣿺ߣƺ˲ٰ
ؿԽĿЦ
˫Ȼ趯˫мǰУߵһɫĹʱͷ·ɫһ㣬ϵ߲ѡ
塭ʲôʱ򣿡
ҶոյľҪȴȻķԼĽ¾ȻŢлһ˿ǿҵĸʴС
ͷȥֻڽ²֪ʱľȻһƬɫҺ塣
һڲϵԼĦȻҪԼӽŵȫĸʴˡ
ûõģҵаǿޱȵĸʴԣߵһɫѾӵϵĽ£ԽܵѹԽΪ˲ҵʴѪˮҰһѡѰɣ
˫ȻĦҶȥ
ܵԼµĸʴ֮ԺҶüͷҲ̲סе·ǱڵĽˮһ㣬ԴԴϵĴ֫ٺߣעȫĸط
һУϵҲʼøǿһ΢ĦҲʹ˲ʱؿȴûпһ㡣
ӿʼΪֹƵһкķѪΪ˷ֹҶоԼڵϵƣǽԼ󲿷ֵʼӻ˳ԻҶ۾
Ȼǳɹˡ
øթСӰ
Щε˵һ̣ҶҪˡ
δ϶
෴ǳƺδΪҶ˫Ŀǿһ˿мͱâ
֮ˡ
·һĻĴҶﴫ˳
ǹ·һĿʼֱӵĳŶԷȥ
ϡ
һĵֿסҶǹ⣬һֻȴ˳ƲĳҶ˹ȥؿѾ׼Ҷǲܹܶȥˡ
Ǿʱ򣬱ųǹĩ˵ҶȴȻĻһ⣬˲ĳŶԷֱӵĳȥ
ưǹ棬ٶȸӵĿ֡
ôܣ
ؿĺеľ޽ȻĳҶ˹ȥ
ߡûʲôܣֻΪ̫Ĵˡ
˵ҶѾȫİǹ棬Ҿ߶УǹȻǿֲҶſ˳ǹһ˲俪ʼ˳
ಡ
ǹʧȥ˿֮ѸٵĴ߶תǿµֱӵĽؿĻȫĴ顣

ڶԷǾ㵵УҶ쳹


196 

ǿֲײ֮ؿ屻Ĵ˳ȥڻ£ϻתŷѩǹؿڵ̲סһѪһһֲ˺ֱӵĳǰֱӵ£ȴԼһеĳ̶ȡ
ǿԿǵɭɭ׹ǣҶ첻ݵʱһεʹ˴˳
СѿɷϷһӣŹϷⲻĵأ
Զʾ˶Էǿʵ
Ź֪ҷŹԺ᲻ỹѰأ۶ƺزģĳЩ˲ĵĻҿɲǺܲ𣿡
ɫΪŹ
û뵽ϼһﻹûס
Ļ֮󣬳ҲΪЦ˵
˵ﵽѾǼ޵ĳ̶ˣڵǸӵϵĴˣΪΨһĵӣȻҪӵİˡ
ҶĻ֮΢΢ĳһ£ǺܿȴҶ˼˺ǿ϶˵
һ㣬ϷԵĿԿ϶ؿδﵽĳ̶ȣԵĲ˵ĳκ˵ǰϷһϸҪɽУ
ɽֵĳֲòٵڵķӦ˹ԭⷢȻؿʦ
ؿʦΪƷ磬һλʵǿߣɽһǿߣƽ͵ĺܣֻкٵ˻֪Ĵڡ
ʵϲɽҲ൱ĵ͵ҲɽȻ˵ޱȵǿǿĵλȴ֪еǴŶٵĸ֡
ѾﲻѪؿҶ쵭˵
ðɣͬˡ
ϷлСˡ
һǿ߾ȻҶΪСѣݳƺʵ˿ʼԽĸ̾Ҷݺʵˡ
ؿ񲻸ĵĽΧƿǿеĴϢ˵
ΪʲôΪʲôһʧܣѾ㶨סˣΪʲôȴѡ
ɱļһҶ쵭˵
ʵϣò˵ȷʵǺǿ󣬵ȴûнǿ󷢻ӳȴ³˵СҶԿһζˣĻӲӲĻҲѽѸٵĻܵģˣĻΪұ㶨סˣ˱Ϊ´ˣҳ䲻Ľûпܶܵġ
˵֮Ҷָǵϵһ̲ðźɫϢС˵
ֻҪҺ壬Ǿ벻ˮԣǿĸʴԣȴҲ˺ˮޱߵĽӽɵǣҵпԻûԡ
Ļ֮ؿȻĿУһıðſֲĺ˱ɫҺڸǣԺѵķ֡
Ҷô̵ʱоȻжϵ˼ʱɼ˼Ŀ³̶Ѿﵽһֺεǿĳ̶ȡ
ܺáòԩСӣǿ󣬵Ǻܿҵĳ̶֮һÿġ
Ҷ쵭˵
ҵţ
ȴδ˺ʲô൱ĮӣΪ൱ֻҪԼ뵽˴ʦĳ̶֮ʵǡתǿĿ£

ӥޱȼĳ嵽Ҷǰ
ٺ٣ӥСصĹİ
ҶЦ˵
ӥһǸ˵
ԲֻǺ𲻱Ҫ鷳һֱԼݣݡߺߣòһֱϰ˵ʱҲѾ뵽ҶУƼҺ֮Ҳû˿Ĺϵˣһζлĳ֣ܵӦеĳͷ
˵ؼҵѾڳҶĿ˹ȥǿһ֮Ҷȴ¶˲мЦݣĴ˵
ǰܵӦеĳͷˣҶҵ˲ʲôҪ㶯ģ
ǵȴش䶷أЩδ뿪˲ɵݺݲһ£ֳžŵ˸оеǿɱ⡣
;ɫԽѿԼһʧȥһŶӣԼΪĶȴ˽գԺѵõļһ棬ؼһονʧصĺܰ
ڿҶЦӯӯ֮ȴݺݵ̾Ϣһ֮ε뿪ˣǧĶδ㵽һƼҲϵ˾ȻҶ̨ʵ̫Ĵˡ
ӴؼҪ𣬶ǸĶǻ°һһúõؽѵһ١
ƾԵǱ飬ƺԳ֮Ϊ⡣
ƾԣƺЩɣҪô磬СǷԸصƼһǸأߣǲĶӣ˵ĿǺðӥĳΪĶ˵ɣ˵ڵΪӥ۰Լ϶δ˵ɼƼǰû˿ĹС
ܹƼңǴһ㣬Ƕ;˵һĪϲãһε;Ѿ¶˾ģֻҪصУ̱Ҫʲ˾ۼһص
ߣߺãؼĳˡ
;˵ԼΪĵ֮ƾԵɫҲʼԽѿӥĶӲԼѪҺӵϵʵĸ׵ԼδȥܣԼδʣ뿪˼һֱˣЩʵ
С塭
ȴ˶뿪֮ƼҵҲʼߵӥ۵ߣƾ̲ס
֮ӥҵһ²ȴתԼ壬û˿仯ŶԷ˵
ƼкηԸ𣿡
ν֪ԼڶԷƾȴɸоԼһĻ
С壬ڸ˵𣿡
ӥۺò˲Ц
ҲǺ˵Ǻ˭˵Ҳһֱ˵ĳƺơҡ
ƴ̲ס໥һۣӥ۵ǵǺģƴΪƼкӥߵһˣԼܹܵľһֺεȵ裬ĻҲ֪ȥεԡ
һؼҰɡ
ƾԻ³һ˵
ǰܣɡ
ƴ̲ס˵
ĸ磬ҲˣΪĻͱνͶˣ˵Ƿһݶ飬˵Ⱳһỹ㣬һصǸɱļ壬ģѾмˣұҶҡ
㡭
û뵽Լףӥ۾Ȼ˵Ĳʱеŭ⿪ʼӿΪӥۼǻԼɫǵԼİһµĻԷҲԵĺתġ
û뵽һﾹȻ˵Ĳ
Ȼ˵Ļ߰ɡ
Ҷ쵭˵ָĳһ֮ɫϹٷ˵
òǸŮӿһֱڿ㰡
˵ʱҶҲ¶һĨɫƼҵˣĲȥں
ڵҶ죬ƼҵȻǲȥǵģͷʢ˭ȥǵùľԼ
ӥ㿼Ǻ˵ĻǾͻ
ƾԵΪĴһĸоԶӥ΢΢һȴû˵ӭϹٷ￪ʼ˹ȥ


197 ɽ
Ƿ
ӥһҸ֮ɫǣһɫŮҶЦ˵
ŮӱϹҵС㣬Ϲٷ
ĿҶ֮ϹٷŷҶԼеĻҪᣬǿԳƵףȥδͬһ꾹ȻǸղźǾǿ߶Կĸ֣һˡ
л˳СŮڴ˸м
ҶڿԼϹٷɵһ죬ļæŶԷһ򸣡
Ҷ쿴ĳϹٷȻֻһͨŮӣ˵ϱͨԵЩȴҲӵ˲ٵŮӵ⽿ӥۣò˵߻൱İġ
ٺ١Ҿ֪һԵĲԵ޹ʵﰡ
⻰֮Ϲٷķٴε¶һ糺죬Ȼ൱ɬѡ
Ӱɣһμ棬ܵøЩġˡ
ҶЦĴԼóһƿƿݸ˶Է˵
ŵǼˣûˣ㣬һûˡ
ӥۿ൱˽ԼԷȻᣬȴų˶ѾеĺˬֻҪԼˣ־Ի൱İÿһεĳֿ϶ĺö
æϹٷм˵
ӥڴлʹ͡
Ҷû˵
أһδεĹݣҿܲһ֡
ʱ֪ʱҶߣЦĿżˣʱǳѾ뿪ˣϾʱҶ൱ͻأ黹δ׼һ£õһʱſȫ׼ˡ
ĳ֮Ϲٷﻹӥ۶̲ס˱ϹϾɫҶǲˬ֮ε˵
ǧҪңҿɲСôĸУһòöǾ͵ûҡ
ҶЦֹ˵
Сټһˣô˵ûûΪԼӰ
仰׵ҭòᣬεĵҶһ֮Ŵӻӥ˵
ŵʮǰʱֵһޣʹǰ׹Ы޵βҲǸ취޵ССĵʹá
Ҷһѽӹ˶Էеĳޣϸϸİ˼֮󣬲ɵø̾ӥ׬ˣһ־ӨޱȵĺɫǱ̳״ް̬һ֪ⲻǷƷ
һ۵֮Ҷ켱æĶӥ˵
Ͻлл˰
˵꽫ⳤ޵ݸӥۣںҶ콻ôʱˣӥһֱһʵĺӣȴҲڲ֪еһЩ仯һҶĻ֮æ˳˵
л˵롣
ǽһưƵˣ˵˵ûԼҸطȥΪëҲͰˣΪʲôƫƫȥҶ죿
أôû̵ǰװ׵ʧһӣǱȻ˵ʹãȴҲ֪Ǻö
Ʋѵ֮Ҷ켱æȥ˵
Ǹӥ۰ڻǰ죬˵Ҫ˵ķݰһ¾ͺá
Ŷ
ӥһ㶶ʱٴηӦ˹ڿҶѾԶٿѾСϻһϹٷæЦ
һЦ
ߡ϶湴һЩĵŮˣûôԸô˽⡣
ǰɣ
ӥ۶ʱĸо
ιʲô
ҶĿĸԼ°ʵ
ŶˣСӰʹ˼ͲãңŪڶҪĴ¸ˡ
ੲݵһ֮Ҷڵ˽⵽ǶΪʲô˵Ĳϲ˵ȫΪʦһ˵ĻᱻѾĸġ
ʲôҪң
Ҷ¶˺֮ɫ˵
ɽղŴϢȥɽϡ
˵ʱϲɵ¶һĨĽɫ
Ŷʲôʱ򣿡
û뵽Ҷı龹Ȼ˵ƽʱһǿҵĴ֮У
ǿɽɽΪǿĵطҲǴػɽ㡭СӾȻ˵ƽϽϢһ£̣
һܻԼ֮Ҷ϶ʱ˸һĺߡ
ɽʹ֮ľ벢෴Ǻܶݵľ룬Լǰһص·֮Ҷһޱȵɽϡ
ˡ
Ϊĸп
һɽ壬Ҷвɵ¶һĨɫɽ˿δٵεɽƿȻһλˣѾﵽˮֵĳ̶ȣһ赸ϵǿ߲ܹӵеľ
֮һҪ
վɽһ棬ϵظһ仰
֪ͷ㲻Խ߶ĳ̶ҲԽǿɡ
ĺһСӣǿҶ۵֮Żһ
СӻֻǸӣֻһӡ
ɽĽ֮һµ漴Ĵ˳Ҷ˫Ŀʱ΢΢ˣֻǰһ޴䳡䳡ռٵаĶĳ̶ȣҷֳʮط
ʱⳡվʮλˣȫעԼĹҶ˵ĵȫûκεĸо
΢΢ĴһЩˣҶ쾹Ȼķ֣Щ˵ʵҲѾﵽʿĳ̶ˡ
ɽǴΪĵ֮һÿ궼дűȻɽӵĽ̵ĺãֿ̿ĻǾԵĻΪĵĵӵģΪżҲָǣ˵ޱȵ顣
дһ˿˵
ʱһλصľʯϵڵߵ꣬ȻŭһϵĽȻĻ̬ѸٵĲ

޴ʯͷ·һСɽһ㣬ݺݵſȥҲʱȻķˣƺΪ⾢ƵĲȣ˵һʯȻĳԶȥ
ա쵰
˾ʯǿֲĳ̶֮󣬲ٵڵķӦ˹׷׵ĳӴĽͶ
ǾʱʯͷȴѾʼ䣬ĵطҶ̲סĳ鴤һԼǣΪλƺԼվĵطء

ָȻϵĳۺһޱȵĴҶϱŷ˳ȥ
ߣ
䡭
ҶһƺߣʱĽȻѿµĺۼ


198 ֮
еǾޱȵУǰֱָ꣬ĿסеľʯʯǴӰģеԭĳ̶ȻҪǿٵġ
ÿµһﻹҪǿء
˿ʼ׷׵
סɽ˰ɡ
ͻȻ˷Ӧ˹˵
֣Ҷʾ൱ΣⷴӦٶҲЩ˰ɡ
˳ֵĽöʯӵһ֮Ҷ쵭Ķ˵
˵Ҫôû˹һµġ
ȻָһλĽ׳˵
ǲ𣿡
˵Ҷŷ֣䳡صΧһλĸߴһ޴ޱȵľ޽Եޱۡ
֮ڳ˾Ȼĸ·ȻǴɽĵλΪĲڿһ֮Ҷϲɵ¶һĨȵɫΪ˲Ǳ˾Ȼؿ
ôء
ҲؿӣΪĴһ˿档
Ҷû˿ı飬ӷ·Ƕһĵûκεѹһ㣬ȻʵҶȷʵǶؿû˿ѹǶԷʵǶԷݣĵġ
Ҷ졭þòˣ
ƽ޲ؿ֮ҶоȻһֳޱȵѹһѹǶԷƽķ·ͬһ̬ҶԽĸо˴ʱؿƺǷĳı仯
Ҹоһյʱѣĺþã
˵ĶԻʱڳ˵ע⣬ǸղŵĽո¶˳ޱȵɫ
Ҷ죬ǽ𣿺һһ
յӲһλʮ߰ˣȴһֻ̬˫Ŀ˼µâȴ޷ȥĮĴڡ
Сɣ˿ǽʦֶˣΪʵԱʦ𣿡
㷴ʵտʼεĵ˼ۣȴ˵һЦ
ߵҶؿ໥ĶţߵѿһĨ
˵һյʱѾʱûκεˣھʧ֮Ĵﵽ˽ѣѾƽķ·Ǻˮһ㣬˿޷κεҵı仯ؼҵչҪԼұҪ׷ѰϵҵĿ꣬Ҳǣ
˵֮ҶȴЦ
㻹Ǵˣȥ׷ѰϵϾ֮ı㲻˵ǰƽˣΪΪǽĸ汾ģģδƽ
һ֮󣬲ؿ¶һĨȵɫһߵҲʼ˼ǿһ̬֮ҶʱһֿЦõĸо
ιιι˵ƺǿ˰ɡ
ؿԣʱһ㶣ЩЦ˵
ò˵ǺҲ㰡
ܹ˵һʱ˵ϵľѾһεĽ˲١
һλŹޱȵ˵ߣ֮߳Ҷȴɫһ䣬ӿʼΪֹǾȻûиоߵĵΪĳԼĲֵܷԷĴڵġ
㣬ͻһһ
ߣ¶һĨȺĽɫ
ǻɫĺƮһӵۣȴһһ㣬ԽԽǸоеζƳ
δͻƣֻԵЩѣǺǣ֮ͻƵĻǶ˵һĥ޾׷˵Ѿʺˣڵֻʺȥֲ԰ȥˮôˣ
ߵĻ֮ؿƺǷӦ˹ͷ˵
ǵģȥ
ؿҶ˵ͷ˵Ŷ
һμһҪúõغ㽻һΣǸʱһøǿҶ죬ɲҪ´μʱ̫СӵĻһоû˼ġ
Ҷ쵭˵
Һڴ
ؿؿıӰҶеΪڴؿĽԷҲһţԼΪʦӵİǾԵĲжԷǿĳ̶ȵġ
ɣڵȴ㣬һȥһΣ
ЦĶ˵
ԾȻû¶˿ĸж֮ɫָŶԷıӴ
Ͼƹ̫ǶˣŵζŹ׽ģΪһϵ𣿡
İ˰ֶҶָɽ֮ϵһͥԺ˵
סĵطˣǸԼһȥġ
Ҷ΢΢ĵ˵ͷǺܿĺȴҶһĵĲˤ
ȷĲҺȣ
Ͳ
Ǻðòƻһϰ㰡ǿ׽ģðɣԼԡ
鰡һȸоõģɣˡ

űǳҶ컺ΧǾȺ;лǰȥ
һµСͤӣһɫֳۣһӵĳǰһ裬һƣһ
һеһоȻʱޱȵںһ𣬶ǰһ֮ҶоȻоһĨ֮Ϊж
ȻǲԼҶȴɿԸоԷּȻ̬һִﵽ˼֮󣬷豹ζ
Ѿɹ뵽ԼеɱʱȻʼ΢΢ĶָоͺһλӼԼһ㡣
ǰ֮˵ȻҲǺ֮ˡ
Ҷ칧Ĺ˵
ˣ
ž
еĳķʯ棬һλģӻת壬ǿ֪˴˵䣬ȴɵ̲סҪȥۿĸо
һֺȻȫںһ֮
ƽ˼֮е
ˡɡ
֮𵭵˵崺ĸоʵҶ콫ǽеһĨ
ž
֮Ķ֮ʯٴεĳһ˫ͱӡ
ǺǡҼǵ֮пŲٵ𰡡
֮֮ҶһǺܿȴӦ˹ȥεĽڤóһӣĽֻˡ
Ϣ뵱ҿǷ˲Сŵõһģĳϼһ͵ˣһӾ͹ˣһҪúõزš
˰ԵΪȴȻʵҲֻǿ߲Ż˵оˣǶ˿ĲĸоҶ췴Դ˲СĺøС


199 ػ
þư
֮¶һĨЦ˵˵ҲʼһĨϵζȻںȾ𽥵顣
֮֮Ż˵
СһΪΪʲôһҪأ
仰֮Ҷһ㶣ȴٴεĽеıƷζһζ
Ϊ
ҶеıЦ˵
Ŷ
֮Ϊ⣬ľҶġ
ǿȨƣµ˵ĲƸÿһ˶ϲģֻϲĳ̶ǲһģÿһ˶Լ׷󣬾ǳһӶ޷õǿΪʲôΪǿΪǵĵλ͸ֵĻԵƷʸ˵ȨƺĺôǶ˵Ȩƻֻұ˵һֹߡ
˵֮Ҷ̲ס¶һĨʹ޷ͻ˾ͽڱߵ飬Լ˱ձĴˣһֺεȵơ
ǺǣСһʵĿʼˣԼıĲΪҪģκεʱҲԼھźεȵĿ飬ǶҪԼıĸסˣûһ޷ƿԼĵĻҲ޷ԦϵǿĽֻ
֮ĻҶвɵһԾ
֪ΪʲôҪ𣿡
Ҷ˵
֪
֮ĵ˵ͷ
˵ֻһĻǾԵĲʲôȤȥģϾҿĴҲһֿԴ̼޽ѣ֮㣬ȫΪʵ㣬ڿʼʱֻһʻѣ㾹Ȼڶ̶̵һʱдﵽڵ̶ȣһӦҲֻſˣҶҡɲֻǱô򵥰
пʼԾҶ죬˶Է˵Ҷ֮ʵĿʼƺ˵Ҷһֱޱͨġ
ƺһԭû˵ɡ
Ҷʵ
⻰֮֮סĳһҶǴĦʵЩ¡
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һע֮ǿеı£ɽоȻҲ˵ðһ硣
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ǵҪȥĿһѰҵˡ
ˡܿķҪˡ
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202 
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ϵһֲİ̺۴üֱӵĵԼ°ͣбдһֿµϢ
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203 Ҷ
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ŵ

һעҶΪʢһΣ
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ǴĴ£ܹ˵ĳΪȻҲһϵҫܹССгһλһδй顣
ҶͻϴӿʼΪֹûбϹ໢λ㹻ĿԿóʱҶѾ˳鴤״̬£˭ԼֵһյĴЦû˿⡣
Ȼ˵Ҷڻδ֣ȴӰҶе飬Ƕ൱ֻҪǱסҶҵôǾ͵ںҶϵԺ鶼˸ı䲻ٵġ
Ϻܶ鶼޷Ԥϵģ˵ڲǰһǼҶңżǴ֮޷еĴڡ
Ыɽ˵֮󣬴ҶΪڵҶˣҶĳȴȫӭж⣬УҶǿֲʵҲ˵е˶ʼʶλѪһ档
ɽǰء
һƳдޱϲ˳֮󣬶ʱ˿ʼȻ˵һС򣬵ȴ˱Ϣ෴ΪĵȽϺã˵Ϣ൱ķ
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һλĸߴһ֮ɫ˽ʮﻺظǵ
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ǰּˣֻû뵽һʵȻٴεˡ
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Ҷĳޣؿû˿԰෴¶һĨЦ
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˼ǣʱǵĵǽΪףأ
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ᣬŲʮѾﵽڵ̶ȣɾҶĳƺţ£ԷȻǿԿóǱˣܹ£ĻǶ˵һĪֺ֧Ͱ𣿡
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ң㻹һػߵļ̳ߣȻ˵Ϣδɽ˿вٵѾ㱻ټˣǵʵ˵ĻȻӿɵĴ̽һϢ˵Ϊܵ˵ټܻܿ˵ĳɾ͸õǰ̣ȻҪʾˡ
Ҷ쵭˵
͢ĶȫĲʺң˵ǵĵҲǰ׷Ļѡ
ؿȻ֪һ㣬˶ҶĻɡ
ڽкܿλ΢ЦǱ˴˵ȴһؼɵ֮ɫ˻س˹
Ӻ֣֮ӵѾ׳ĳ̶ȣӲʮ߰ӣȻ߿ȥĳ̶ȣȴǽȻͬġ
ϵֲֿЦ̬ȴʵ˸оøвС
Ȼ˵ҶԷԵװġ
ȴӰ쵽Ҷ飬ڿؿĳ֮˵һɬȻû뵽ؿȻҲ漴ķӦ˹Ц˵
ϲֵƻָ
ؿ񵭵˵
лӵĹġ
ɽĵλȻؿɽеĵλҲΪһеĴʦ֣ȫĿЩӻԼǡ
㲻̲Ļش𣬴Ȼûκεŭ˫ĿȴԽĳһĨâ
ǺǡڹΪһ֮ܿıԵõˣֻǲ֪ʲô뷨أ
Ҷ΢΢һЦ
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⻰Ѿ˵˵ֱˣҶȻԷ˼ˣʱӵԼѡĻᣬһѡĲãǽǵеκεһλӣʱؿЦ˵ǲȴ֪ҶȴδػߣݱЧ˵ӵĿ¡
κεһֻźԼǺúõȥܿҲҶѧԺ˵һҶȥ֧֣ȴҲᷴԡ


204 ħŮ
һ֮󣬶ʱӺӵɫʼ˶˵棬Ҷⷬ˵Ѿڵеľܾˡ
ǱӺӱΪҶȻһεǸոմﵽ̶ȵҶȴҲܻᵨҾܾԼ
û뵽ǣԷȻֱӣûκεԡ
Ǹ޷̨õĻӾȻ޷㶨һ
ǺǡҶ֪һһΪԼδ˵ϻһЩǷȱ˵ԵĻܹõ˼һ¡
ӵ˵ѾʼһĨغвȡ
ǺǡҪˣı£Լ֪ԵĲܾʹ˵Ĵе뷨ģ˿˵ԺҲ˵
о˶Էв֮ҶǿʼԽЦΪ̹ԵıвˣԷ⻰вʵܲˬ
ߡΪԼΪһ֮˲ǰɣ㲻ҪˣԺҽ˵ãҪϵʲôˣֻһ仰ѡ
λ˼в𣿡
Ҷ˫Ŀ΢΢ʱѾʼɱΪδػߣ൱ԼȥɱӣǳҲֵѯʣΪԼǴػߣɽԺƿߺ쵼ߣݣǳۼޱȵŭ˵Щʲô
вǺǣˣ˵һֱ˵ֱֱȥֻ˵ŶǡǡҲϾԺҶһˣѵ˵ǰ໥ںһ𲻺ǵİҶλҲĸӵι̵ģһһҶҲһС壬Ҫչɺ͵۶ǿļĻҪһǿ֧Ϊܵģ˵û֧֣һʲôӵ⣬˵˿Ǽ岻˳ҪƻĻⲻǻ൱鷳𣿶Ҳ˵ԺҪȥҶѧԺѧϰһԼļ塭
˵ʱ򣬴Ȼıˣͣ٣ȫΪʱһɳɱŵöסˣ
Ҷ˫Ŀ΢΢ϵɱޱȵıŷ޷Զ˫Ŀвϵ
֣ҲСĳЩ飬֪˻˵Щʲô
ؿ񵭵˵
˵ˣ㽫ͱˣɽҲվߵģȻνޱ޼ʵģ˵Ժκε飬ɽ˶վһģ
һ֮󣬶ʱ˵ɫʼı仯λӣʱǲŷԼƺһˬ޴顣
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ò
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ǰΪʲôˣҲĻһ֪ҵӾȻѾˣҶ޷ŵĳ̶ˣвһεһǸոճΪҶĴڣôô簡
꣡
ʱ˲ŷӦ˹
ĹҶȴû˿ĶݣǳۼҲñϹϾġ
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ɣˣһǱȻҪȥһ񡣡
˵ٴεĳŴӺӵ˵
˰ϵԼĶӶҪϲˡ
ˢ
λӼæĹ˵ϣ
ʣֻףҶģ븸졭
۵¶һĨ̵Ц⣺
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ˡ׳մش£ܳͽ䣬СԶķϳ˼̳лλʸ񣡡
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һֺǸַ
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ʡ
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ܰ˵Ķ΢΢˵˼䣬Ǿļ仰ȴ˵ɫڱ˳׵ľ
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ػߣһֺεȵݣһֶôµĴڰԼ˾ȻȥвһǿĴڣⲻʲô
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δ꣬ǵвɵӿֳһֲӵӣһֺεȿµĴڣ
ǺǡҶһαףصģû뵽ǾȻᷢ顣
ڵǸ
۾ȻڵǸ
ڳ˳һ֪֮⣬Ӷ𰡡
Ҷ쵭Ц
ˣ첻ΪС¾Ͷŭġ
ϵӣС£
˷ԼĶƺڽЩˡ
ܿףصٴεĻָԭƽһ׮ϲȴΪԼ׳նӱⷬӣȻûþõĴ΢΢˵˼֮ٴε͵뿪ˡ
Ҷ죬Ǻܿ컹ټġ
ܰЦ˵һ¶һĨɫ
𣿡
ʼˣҶȻǻн٣˵δֵĹǴһֿܡ
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ûʲôֻŮȻϿȥܿɰȴһǹصšħŮ


205 ƶ
ݺһƺΪҶֵĳֽٴεĻһѣһε֮Ȼֻһʮ꣬仯ʵ˸о˾ȡ
һʱĴ۹ԼƿǷ׷׵ĿʼԼɢȥȻȥ̽λҶϡ
κεһҶδҶӴֻ֪̽һλ꣬ԭ̽Ҷڷ֮ȡԼķȻ뿪˼塭
ٴεıǶ½˵ԳΪ֮Ӷ࣬˵εȣų۵Ҳżʡ
ƶ
Ϊ½ΪĶ֮һΪ൱Ĳļ¶˸ҪΪĵλÿ˺˵ڶﶼԵ൱ůЩ󸻴֮ˣÿ궼кܶǰб
㻷£ȻҲʹƶľޱȵķ٣ҲǴΧȻ˵ٵĹҶл񣬵ȴΪǴԵʣֻһֻܿɳԵķ⡣
ҪһЩΪƶг˻֮⣬ĻһĴڵע⡪ҶѧԺ
ҶѧԺ½бȽϿǰѧԺҲΪĸ߼Ժ֮һΪѧԺнһλȴҲ˵ĵٴεһµĵΡ
ҶѧԺĿѧʱԺһΪĽѧ粻ͬѧѧԱѧʱ䱻ϸĻֿˣҲΪ˰ѧԺܹõİλѧԱǵӺѧڴԷܹõȥӦĻ
Ѿ׵ļ˵ʱպҶѧԺеĸ߼ѧԱѧʱ䣬Щ߼ѧԱָȻЩѾѧܾõˣʱǵҲޱȵ˷ܵģΪ뵽˿ȥŰһЩѧĲʵѾǿʼ˷
֮Ի˵˷ܣȫΪѧԺнҲʵΪǿʵȷʵ˵ľס˵ĿأʵС֮ȴˣֻһЩԱǺĶѡ
ҶѧԺнǻƣνĻһڽǮĴڣҶѧԺǱǮӱĶ
ֵĻȡʵ֮⣬Ĺף˵Ǵһ似ҹ׸ѧԺѧԺеۺо似ʹñΪѧԺĽϰĿγ֮һǺȻˣѧԺܶĻ֡
ֺȻʳýǮ򣬵Щķ棬˵ܵѧԺĳЩչ˻ǼȡһЩôĻûл֣ѧԺŲ˭ء
ҲǸ߼ѧԱΪʲô˼ԭҪΪոսѧԺĵͼѧԱѧԺչǣһٻ֡
һٻְǻȡһЩҩҲԻȡһЩģЩ߼ѧԱǼҪҲҪܶһµʱ䡣
һµʱĻǿǻʡºܴһʱͲƸģҲ˵ļԭ֮һ
ǿСǲһλ
λŰ˷ܲѵЦĿһλɫ۵Ӱ໥˵
˵ǰҶѧԺı־һûı־ǵȻҲ߼ѧԱˡ
˵òȥȽϵеȻеȵģеȵòǶʵԣȴҲԵĲܵ͵ȥ
ϾҶѧԺѡεѧԱһЩʲģΪҪһҪԿܹͣס֮ջ󣬶Һ߱ʸӵҪ
õʲܹ˵һǿʵ˼ԸͳԿ͵ƷʣǼʲҲܲ׾
ɡⶼʼУʱˣһĻӦǰĽȻԼõ˽һģڲſʼѧֱ弴ǲÿҲ֪ĳܲ˶ٵ˵һˡ
еһӷ˵
ɨ˰ɨˣһٻְÿ˷ֵʮҲǲġ
տʼ˵ε˵
СѾҲ̫˵ɣҪ֪ѧԺĹ涨ֻ׼ѧԱʮ֣ʣʮ𣬶ʱֻܹǽѧԺһµʱУһѧԺ˵ʧٵģ˵Ѿ̫˵ɡ
ҲҲǱȻҲô
˵˵𽥵ĿʼʧȻѾԶˣԭڵͷ·ļ́ԼԴ¶һ۵üһĨɫʮֽԵͻļϲ֪ʱһֻԴİɫСĸһ¼ϵޱȵ¶һĨԼ˿ϵĳ컯Цݣ
𣿶ᡭǺǣ˿ǲķʽҶѧԺҶԽڴ

˪Լ̫Ѩ̷ǳޱͷ۵˵
˵Լڱ֮Ҳûм
̷ǳɫ൱ѿĵ˵ͷ
鷳鷳ô˵أ
̷ǳЦѵ˵
ʦѵ˵֪֮ȫ޷ֻʱſʼ˷Ӧ𣿡
˪ԣɫ΢΢һ䣬ΪʦȻڵĲ֪ԼѧԱԱʧˣԼǸոյ֪һʵΪͷۡ
ðɡȻ˵ĻֻܽλˣȷһŰɣڿҵҲΪԼĺѾˣ˵ѯһ¶ûС
ѧԱʵĺܶ࣬ԵıУǹʧȴٰ
ˡôˣ
̷ǳǿЦ
԰ɣֻάʿĳ̶ȣҶѧԺӦǿĿ㡣
˪΢΢ĵ˵ͷ
µѧԱһ㶼߼ĳ̶ȣʿĳ̶˵ȷʵѾ൱ѵˣˣŬɡ
̷ǳ˵
лʦһġ
̷ǳ뿪Ӱ˪ȻĸоԼԴֿʼͷʹˣ
˵ҶСôûٲĻǿɾҪʼԺˣӶɲһܺõĴ
硭
ңңƶĳУһλźɫ۵̲סĴһ硭
üǶĿɫʮֽۣҶֻ˭
ԼıӣҶ̲סĿЦƶʵ̫ˣȻѾѧԺλãȴδܹѰҵ
·հ·գ˵СףܱˮԴåһﱻϽõ֮㿴˳˺öడҲȥ
仰֮С׵ëʼһˮĿɰ۾кɵ¶˵ӵӣһԱ̬
뵽ҶڶԴåǰϣҶҲ̲סĴһ


206 Ů
Ӧֿʼ
Ҷŷ˵
ǺܿҶȴоԼθʹΪ˰ƺǰжٴεıˣҲ˵ԭ·Ҳˡ
ġ·޽ôʲô
Ҷε˵
Сӡ
һ̶ȻĴҶߴ˳ֻһλŻװЦֹ˵ĻһλǧĵŮڶԷĻŤԼϸڻû˵ĻߺͲơ
ǰһ˶ʵżְȻʱ
Ƿ磬Ҫ°ϣ˼ҿ˵ˣһεУѧԺ˲ٵƶ֮ˣЩ΢ļһǻΪԼܹһأƶҪûеʱ޷ȥġ
ŶԷһԱأҶ첻ɵðԵĵͷ
ʱȷʵǲ
Ƕһ԰׳գҶûκεȤŮȻ㲻ǳŮҲֻȥһ·ˣɫҶڻʹмЩŮǶһĲ࣬ǰ˶֮⣬ƺûʲôֵõġ
Ҷ첻ȥǱˣȴű˲ȥܿҶӼŭǰ׳ա
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ҶĿűǷļһ˫Ŀ΢΢˵
Σ
Ǹ㲻ЩһԲû¾ϲҳ
ð˵˾Ȼ˵ķTMD֪˭𣿡
ԲеʵûмԲ֮ˣܿҶüͷʼĸĶŶԷ˵
ÿҿɲ¡
ʱһö˳֮λ˶
ÿɰĳﰡ
˵һλźɫȹòŮԼʼĳҶʱֵѾ˲ٵˣкܶһΪŮӵĳ֡
ŮӵӴԼҲʮ߰ӣһĺɫȹûиٵ覴ã෴Եޱȵ
һͷһĳֱӵĴֱԼβ˳̬ʵĳ̳ĲλԵøӵջ
ۺɫ˸һĨϢƺڿʱʹһȻ̬Ǿµʵ˲ŮҶ춼̲סʧʮУСɿɰĺ촽˵ĸޣͬŭŵõһ㣬ȶҳջϢ
һرǷ§סŮ˵Ҳ˿ĲҸӵͦΣѩĳ̶ʵٵŮǿʼЩ
һɫ
ڿŮ֮Ҷüͷȴ΢΢ǲϲŮӣӶԷϷĴһʢ˵̬ӶԷźʹǿŮӦǴСڸҵĺȻ˵һֺ߹ʣȴҶϲ
ǷʱѾһĶǰŮˣ˫Ŀϵط·ǶһڶԷĽĴš
ŮǸ߰¶һĨ⣬ϻԳһ˿ͰգȻǶԹռ񣬲ϲʵġ
ıλһվΧڿǣЩҲû˿Ķǻһᡣ
ֻǵ˫Ŀȴʱ¶䱸ɫȻڱŮӱܵκε˺λŮӵǰһöӵӡǺıŴ˵ݡ
ҶѧԺĸ߼ѧԱ
ѩɫԵøӵҫŮߵҶǰ촽˵
ֻСҿˣ۰ɡ
ϣҶʵĲһǿߵ̬һɫĳҲǱȽϵĲġ
Ȼ˵ڤҶкܶĻۣ඼ǼֵƵģһȴҶһһߵΪƵģ˵ҶȻǸоһΪʣֻȴҲݡ
ŮӾȻҪԼС̲סĿʼĺ
ӴˣǺǣȻЩ΢ﰡԼһȻ˵Ĳ֪ˣǵ㵽ҵУܿڵˡ
Ƿ߰ɡ
ǱǷӴʱһĶȹŮӣʱӻĴŮˣ˵
ǰһƺҲڰĦŷǷƣԼʱ˵ǰʱҲ˵ջߵˣֻҪԼʩչЩֶΣԷ̵ıһֻһ̬
ŮŵУʼһȴʧˣֻǷûȥĴڣǶԷһĶǰ޺ȹŮӣڴϣټϲ֪ԷǷԵĻǿеĽŮǿеߣȻĳһ
˵ɡû˵أӦҲȥҶѧԺģҪǮĻҿԸ㣬㻹ҪѧԺиõȥĻҸӵĿŰȵȥֻҪ㿪ۡ
Ҷ쵭˵

Сӡ㻹Ĳʶٰ̧
ǷȻǷǷƾ׽ֶαһ
Ƿ
Ůˣûںѧ˵𣿡
˵ǷǰȥϵıԽͶǴѲֹ̬ѾԽҫ
Сӣһλѧ㶼ôõˣ㾹Ȼ˵ķǱ΢˶𣿡
Ҷ˫Ŀ΢΢󵭵˵

˵ҶŲľҪ뿪Ǿʱ򣬷ǷȴȻĽҶ嵲סˣɭ˵
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վ޴ĽǰҶȻǳڴ
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ŴԼа׵ĸ߶ȣϺͳûжٵ𣬸ߴޱȵĳϺõʯϸĵģͨȵӣȥʵЩۣ΢΢Ŀȵĸо㿪ʼ˳
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209 ＯӪ
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һ˷֮ɫ˵
ǰǰҲ˵ѧԱƺһʱԴѧԱĻֵģٺ٣ֻҪǸҴǵģǳԲ˶ߡ
һʱӢϧ漴ĳˣҶʱѾʼޱȾڿʼʱûз֣ڽȴⷿеһЩкеҰڷŵ൱룬ʯĶʹõӡ
ԼѾȻĶѾﵽʿĳ̶ȣлΪǿʿƷĳ̶ȶ޵Ľӽ۷壬αİٲ죬һ￴ȥӾȻҲѾﵽʿƷҪͻƵĳ̶ˣȻ˵һĵȼֻʿƷĳ̶ȣҶȴоԷıɱƺǱٲ컹ҪĿ¡
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ҶıԹŹֵȴǲ֪ĹƺԼ


210 ֵܣ
һ岻У˵Ϊ飬ԺչһЩ
׵¶һĨ֮ɫӿҶ˵ڸղŵʱѾ˵ųԼֵܳΪ׵󣬶ʮһ꣬ζʮ꣬ٲʮ꣬ΪСҶεֻܹΪģʮ䵹Ҳʵ˾治ѡ
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ⲻ֮ҶжʱһԸĸоֳʵǺܵͣ˵⡶ת̵ļϴﵽʦ̶֮ˣ˵Ҷıʵ˿ȥǺġ
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ҶѾĿż۲ѵ̬˼֮󣬷ǻƷǷ˵羹ȻҲУڵ΢Ŀһ۶ԷĽܡ
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߰ɣȥȾƣͣףһǵԵ֣пγ̣˵ҽȥһȻ˯ġ
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˵Ϊʲôǵһұᶼǰ˸ˣȴֻĸ
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һԵЦ˵
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ߵӿȥʮĳ̶ˣȻֻϣ޵ʵ֮⣬ĸ޷жϣߵ˫ĿǲϷɢµĹâʵ˵˶Էľ
ǵġΪĸ˵Ƚϵͳһ˵ҽǰһڿĻƺദĻ
һɫĶ˼£һȻ͸ֱӵĴڲһͭ˳ͭĳ֣һķʼ仯Ҳϵشͷ˳
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˵ߵҲ¶һĨЦݣ
صʦܺãгҶ֮ļ˶е˼ǱѧԺе߼ѧԱҪǿĺܣֻҶ죬һʵЩصĺܰղżλԺѾСӺӵˣλǴ㽫ΪԺػˣһҲпܵģʮʦǿߣɱ̶ȵʵΪ˵͵ϲѧһЩһĻѹǻᶯĲѵģǱ֪ĻǲܹõҲһɱġ
˵ʱߵ¶һ˿޵ĿЦ
ؽ˰˦ƹˣҶѧԺǻ鷳ġ
Լȴһڴĸо


211 㳡
ʲôд
Ҷû˼ʣʵһȴҶᵽ˴ĸеѣһоʵ˲ı
֪˶֮ҶѹʱѾ峿ˣ֮һǿʹĸоԴϴ˳
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תʼҶĿ߶¿ʼչˣϵ֮󣬶ʱһʼھд߶֫ٺС
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Ĵ߶ʮȦ֮ʹĸоҲ˵ĲɣѸٵĻع鵽ĳ̶ȣߵԡҶʹʹϴһˮ裬Ȼˬĸоʵʹ졣
ǺܿҶȴƺЩԾˣΪƺֻԼһأ
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ֵòףҲһѧ㣬Ȼ˲ٵٲҲǷ棬һ׵֮ʵĺǿڱѾ£Ȼ˵Ůӵ¶һĨɣǼܲסԷ룬˵Ҳ˽
̶̵ʮӵʱ䣬ҶʳҲˣҲڵ˽⵽ʲô椵߾磬ǲɫб㽫Էʮ˴ͳıʵѾ׶ʼ
ͨ˽⣬Ҳ֪Ůӵ̣һǹӵȴ൱ζ֡
һ̱֮Ҫ뿪ˣǴȴԿóŮڶڰٲĺøѾһĲΡ
ĽԷͳ˴֮⣬ٲĻʱҶȴѾĿɿڴˣһץס˰ٲļε˵
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ĳŶԷ˱ָ

֮ϴˢһ±㿪ʼѧԺĹ㳡ȥ
ʱҶŷԼǹѧԺ̶ȣ˷ѧԱʵ̫Ŀˡ
ٲǻڲϵĹ۲ŮӣѧԺŮĶһȻǸոսѧԺɬӺĸоȴʵֻ޿ʼȻѧ޺ԳȴҲŲͬζ͸о
ĸ˻Ȼ㲻Ͼ˧ĳ̶ȣȴҲǸиԵص㣬ϵҲǳף˵ٵŮҲʼǻˡ
Ȼ˺ܿĻȴʼƵ˵лŰٲΪǷҶǰǸûжٵơ
ȱҶһԵ۵ֱŮǿǿĸԣҶ񶼱ޱͣεıҶϵСףʱСڴŹǷǿɰ˼޵ɱʵޱȾ˵ġ
ԺԵĲܺһ̫˸ˡ̫ˡ
ε˵ûл׷ḻľҲûаٲǿµĿڲź׺ǱΪҶڵףһлǱȽϺ˵ģû뵽Ҷɱ˲٣ʵ˿ʼƸ
㳡λѧԺĶ࣬Լ򳡵صĴСˣȴԵĴ󣬰ٲʱѾĻñȽϤˣ˵ܿı˹㳡ϣΪµѧԱȻҪվǰŵҶ˵λûǲġ
֮ҶЩĿɿڴΪҶѧԺյô٣ۼѧԱҲ಻ȥû뵽ôֲ
ѧԱΪĸȼһļһļĴڶһЩԭѧԺѧϰĴڣЩ˶ѧԺеˣ˺ٻЩ飬Ҳٻῴģһӵģڲ񼶵ĴڣǸ߼ѧԱÿһѧԺ˵ģ˵Ļе˼ٵʮ˵ĳ̶Ȱɡ
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ʱԼȥʮ֮ҲʼԽܼȻΪȵܼԵʣŮ֮ǷֿģһλλòŮӣ׺Ͱٲֱ
ʱһλޱȵһɫȲΡΡߵ˹㳡̨ϣǲΡΡʵٵѧԱǿʼΪһо˵ǡ
ߵվĵʦѧԺĸֹĸˣڿЩʦ֮Ҷ˫Ŀ΢΢һΪЩʦʵҲֻʦĳ̶ȣƷȻȴҲԵĳԼĳ̶ȡ
㵼ʦһ㶼վһЩȽϲ۵ĵطȻǶεȡԼĵλ
ȿȿȡ
һȻҶĶߴ˳֮󣬲Ҷɫһ䣬ߵ༸ҲˣȻҲԵ
ϵ֮ɫѸٵĳ֣


212 
ٵĳ̶ȣǲӾȻһУȫĽԼÿһ˵ĶߣҪԼĿĳ̶ȶﵽһޱȵľſԴﵽ
뵽֮ҶʵĲСȥʱľͺҪһļһ
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ѧԺеĸԺ֮һҲ˼ңҲǵһμңǶҪסҶѧԺ֮ǱҶѧԺһԱǰҶѧԺʶǵݣκεĵطҪҶѧԺ顣
ȿȿȡ
һ󼱴ٵĿٴεҶ˶ʱĲһĸо˵ԼĲ²⵽˶Էʵ׵ĻĻΪһһҪĴڡ
ô˵أǵղҪ˵࣬ΪѧԺѾ˽ӽĳ̶ˣÿεĿµѧԱ룬˵ҲޱȵĿİΪǶδҶѧԺϣܿܵľʹ˳ΪǿԺĸǿҪһ㣬ǰʱǶôĳɫףǵĳɫǰЩɾͶѾΪޡ
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Ҷܵ裬ʱĻײˣҪǰȥٲȻû˵ЦЦ̬ȴʵѾʼ˲һޱȽ䱸ɫ
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һ֮󣬶ʱ˵¶һ˿ȻɫǻȴָЦֹ˵
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ٲΪȻ˵
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ಡ
ϢΧ̲סĴһ


213 
ƺǴƮһ˻һ㣬˿ûٵҴҶѧԱܿı㿪ʼһƬ
ǿ߶עı˹עĽ㣬˴Һܿı㿪ʼЩʵǿѧԱǿʼȥԼĺܿıһЩС忪ʼ
ѧԺʵĲûʵıңһѾʼγ˹ʶЩǿĴѾʼһ
Ͼѧʼ֮ЩѧԱѾʼѧԺУܿÿһεԺ֮뾭ܵĿҲ˵Ŀʼˡ
ÿһεʱѧԱԽѧԱĻֵõһ֣ȻһЩʴȵĻŪһ㣬Ƚϲп൱Ĳٵĺ·ֱӵĽһ롣
ҶԼļȴǰЩֳɰһĴû˿Ȥ
ɣɡһҪһܰ
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ԼʦѾ˯˺ܳʱˣʱҶȴֶԷû˿Ķ뵽һΪ˰ԼԼϵĴ󲿷ֵˣԲεĽ˳˯
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Լܣ֪ĲˣʵϣҸоСӿ϶ģֻΪĳЩԭ޷˵ˣڼȻ˵ĻҲûа취ֻܹһˡ
Ҳͬĵ˵ͷ֮ദʱȻȴǵĹϵǳ෴֮ĹϵȻδ˹ĵزȴҲѾޱˡ
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215 аƻ
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İɣҲȥֵ˺ģֻǸһѵԺ˵
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㲻Űɣƾʲô㣿Ⱥħ衪߳

λŮ㣬㲻֮ƺЩ̫Ѹ𣿡
ٲŶͯվŮ˵Ȼޱȸ̾۾ҲڶԷһ˶ޱȵݺݵط·ҪȥһĿţȴȥ
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һĮ˵漴ıȻ뿪¶Ŀɿڴ֮ɫĳ£
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͡
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ǵģҶơСġ˺˶Էġȹӣ


218 ƻ
һʱĿʼޱȼž磬ҶʱѾɫŹǰһöѩײǶԷСʲô
ߵ΢΢ĶУĽƺǿʼøӵǻԲޱȵķʱȻǴɫС㲻ϵڸţȴѾ޷ȫİסʱĽܵ˺֮ȹӰ죬˵˵γһε̬Ǿһ̬һλãȴԷΪ֮ߺջĳ̶ȿʼĸӵǿ
Ҷ췢ģĲģǰԷǷȴϵǰصĻε֮ĶƺҲøӵķ
Ҫɱ㣡
ڵķӦ翪ʼޱȵĳҶ˹ǲò˵ʢŭ֮Ķʵ˾ȵġ
ҶλȻǿԿóԷǴէй̬ǾڶԷԼ˲䣬ҶȴѾĳˣһһǺ޶ģȻǲܾʹ˵ˡ
ˣΪ˱ԷٹľͲǾͰһΰɣģȻ͵̫˾鷳
Ҷ˵뷨УԷȴѾҶ˹
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ǿĳʵҶû뵽ӣ˵ֱӵıײһ𣬶γŮµ̬
ѩɫĴȡѵȹӡŮµĶԼһԷزϵĦҶţһƺԵޱȵˬ
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Ȼ˵ڻȷʵһޱ˷ܵ飬ȴҶͺϲʱô˵ǰ˵ǱʵҶƵ

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ΧЩȻɫŹ֣ȴҲҶȥ˵Щʲôǿĵط٣ȻҲȥ˵ʲôǺܿȴٴεı˳
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ǰɣôðСиô˻ζʵĲ

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ͬ⣡
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219 ҩ뷨
գҶⷿʱ򣬱㷢ǰһ˷֮ɫĶеƣ˷ܵȻѾõ˲ٵĺô˵ʵ˵Ȼ˵߼ѧԱвʿǿߣǶżĴڡ
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Ϻõĵҩӵеļֵӵǳ޷ģ˫ţΪӵһλƵҩޣ˵ǵͼĵҩǴһǻѡȥǵҩļֵڡ
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֮
׻˵ǺܿߵİٲȴȻ˵
磬Ƕ磿㡭ôôˣ


ЦٴεĴѧԺڽлֵս˻ϿγҲǲῪģ̳ʱһ£ʵûϲһµʱбû̻̲ģ˵˽Ҳһܵʱ䣬һܵʱ֮󣬻еĵͼѧԱҲӦ̡
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Ҷ˵˼ʱĳһУ
Ҷ죬Ҫ㣡
㣬侲侲Щ
԰԰侲һЩ嶯ħ
ҪɱɱҶ죬ⱲӺˡ


220 ھŸ޺ۣ
磡
һҶ˳εԼıӣҶεԴʼⲽ
Ӱٲ⽻׵صľ·֮ҶпȥģһֱΪֹ
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￴ĳѧԺĸһطڴ˴ʯֲУʯÿױᱻֿľϸĻ֮Щ˱ԽԼƷڷ棬Ϊڲٵ˶ϲȥͼѧԱ˵ĵͼѧԱǲ࣬УҲжСģǿʵʵǿ󣬲±ᡣ
ڽӽʱҶ㷢Ȼٲ˵ΪֵԵʶһЩʵֲֿҶ಻ѡ
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֮֮ԷһжʼǶԷڲҲҶյС
Ȼ˵һʵȷʵ൱ǿ󣬵ƺΪȵԵʣԵ˶ԷѾȫĳ˵
ЩеΪϵĹѿеǾĥȻЧƽʱҲ㲻ʲôҶ췢ֶԷʵ̫ˣѾγһֿµĥ
תѾʼֳɬԣһǸţȻǿеĸıԼתٶȺ·ߣԼϵ֮ȫıܿ
֪Ҷüпʼ˸һ˿â

޺ĶͼѧԱм˵߶ʱٴһɱȥʵ޺ȷʵЩǿ


221 ֮
ҶڶԼ޺۲δ¶κε쳣漴ٴεı˫ĿҶҲʼϸϸĸԼ֮ʼѰ
Խǿ֮ƺʼߵٶҲԽ죬ԭѾγҺ֮ʱҶѾо˶Էͬǲһ㿪ʼ𵴵̬
޵Ĳ֫޵ҩġȵȣ
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漴Լ壬ָƬҶ˹ȥ
͡
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һλ߼ѧԱֻ˵ӷΪҶûȥƷʼ̬ޱȵԷһȴ¶ֵɫڳĲϤ޺۵˶ʼΪҶ콫ƬҶ֮޺ֻ΢΢ĿҶһۣȴûĶ
ʵڳ˿ʼһ
Ҷȴûй˵ȥ۲˵ɫֻ˴ֲϵҶϸϸĹ۲
ƬҶԼаƴСͬһ㣬ҶıϣһĻƷ·ǵ̵һǶ棬˳·ҶоԼ֮Ȼһ˿Сı仯
⾹Ȼһִ֮ķ
Ҷϲɵ¶һĨȵɫһֱ֮ޱص飬ֻЩŵҵһ˿֮ĽܣֻǶ֮Ķδ˵ڣƾһƬҶת·ߣҶȴԼ֮Ȼʼ˱仯
һƬҶҴĳ̶ĻҲֻ֮ǿ˲ſԿóصת·ߣֻǲ֪ҶʲôӵֲȻȫû˿ˡ
ܹ֮ĴȻҶҲ֮ͨ
ô
еɫҶҶ˵
һǧ֣

꣡
ڳ˵ɫʱݺݵس鴤ǻڴʱѾʼ°Ͷ
Ҷʱ򶼼ΪԼˣڿ˶ԷһĵĮ֮ɫʱ֪Է˵ġ
һǧְĿһͨѧԱµʱвȥԼĻģǾӵһƬҶһǧ֣
ݰݣһһƬҶӶǰ֣
ղŻֻǸ̯ʱѾ֪Լ޺֮Ĳ࣬Ƕ̲סĳ鴤
Ҷ˫ۿʼضŶԷֲϵҶӣ̲ס˵
ܱܲЩ
޺΢΢һҶ죺
ĳ̶ȶԣԼڿٻѾ漣ˣΪҿܱһļ۸𣿡
һ֮Ҳ˵˵ǰʱ򣬱˵ѯʣһ¶ǷҶ첻һȻǰҶޱȵᣬƾŶԼֶԿľ飬޺ۺǰ겻򵥡
ҿԤȡ𣿡
Ҷһҧ漴˵
֮ɫʼ޺۵ϣ˵ʵҲ֪һƬҶʲôģһƬҶȴһֻ޵ҵģôʱļѹ޾ȻûнһƬҶӸˣǿ̶ȸ޷˿ƻ˵ʼ϶ƬҶӾԵĲϵôļ򵥡
ûõĶεǰ״˵ŻѡʱѾоԼֲֿɵƻѾԽ˵ԼϿĽȥһЩ߼ĵҩסƻĻǽԻ൱Ĳң
һǧֶ˵ҲǱˮнʤޣ˵΢΢˼һ֮Ҳû˵ֻͬǵ˵
Ҵʱ䲻˵õڽյ޷֤Լˡ
Ҷ΢΢ĵ˵ͷԼֻİٻֿԼļȥˡ
û뵽һЩҩĵģȴһƬҶӶ𡣡
ҶΪԳİЦ
ιӣƬҶҪˡ
ͻȻʱһ˳Ȼȥζĳ֣ҶĸоԼΧȻʼһֿµٶȺƵʿʼɢˣӾͬڶһ㡣
ȿȿȡ
һ֮Ҷ췢Լһλſݻɫ۵һסԼͣĳԼ
Ȼšӡ֮Ƴ飬ʲôӰʮ־Ȼˡ
̸ʼĴҶĶУ˲֮ҶȻû˿ı仯ȴпʼ΢΢һˡ
ӳҶѧԺк޺һΪʮеһұ޺˵ӵǿȻȥһĲ̬ǶԷʵ൱Ŀ£˵Ϊ׵ʱһ󲡣ıһֱҩӲڵʵޱȵǿ󣬵ȴҲһ̬
ǾòҽⲡڶʮʱҲǰҽʦˣõȴҽ෴ʩ֮൱֣˵޺˵ƺԵøӵĿһЩ
ǧ֡
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ӵϱޱȵĲҰףʱɫʼͬһĳ̶ȣһ۾ҲʼĶ޺ۣЦ
ȿȿȡ޺ۣ㻹ϲ۰ΪƬҶӺֵǮһƬҶӣǧ֣һǧҶоԽˣ㾹ȻҪǧ֡
޺۵˵
Ҷģҵʵȴ޷˺ѡҩӣ㰮ҪҪ
ŵƬҶӵ֮ǲӵɫʱһ䣬Ȼ˵仯ڴʱǲҰ׵ϸôԣǲӵȴѾ𾪲
Լ޺۵ʵԼͶԷǲ֮䣬Է޷˺ҶҲǴţԼҲ̶ȡ
һƬҶȻ˵ļͣеİҲпʼû
ҶȻûκεɫһڰԵżϺ͵伮֮ļض٣ӲҪ˵֮ʽˣղֻ˳Ҷʼ΢΢תһ±о棬˵ĻЧԻӵľˡ
áˣӣһӰӣû뵽Ҫ۶˵ķ񡣡
Ǿʱһȴ˳
ȵȡ


222 һҩ
ȿȿȡλѧܣ㻹ʲô𣿡
ӳ־΢΢סԼ;ضҶ˵
һƬҶҲˡ
һ֮󲡹ӵ˫Ŀ΢΢漴۾·ǶһĶסҶ죬˵ˣȻԷǿԵѹƾԵĻǿĺĵǶҶ˵ȴѣǰĲƺԼʦǿ֮໹ǲСġ
׾ٵĽԷѹƵԼϵĶ㿪޺۵¶һĨŭ⣺
һǧ𣿡
Ҷҡҡͷ
ҵֻİٻ֡
޺۵˫ĿĹâ
챦𣿡
Ҷٴεҡͷ
Сӡȷˣ𣿡
޺۵ȻϵѸٵĴ߶ǲǿ֮Ҳɵÿʼ˹ȥ
ģ׳հĻ뿪ΪʲôҪǻӰ
Χ̯˷׷׵¶˲ˬ֮ɫ˵ȴæĿʼԼƷźɢҶȴڵ˵
ϸ˵ЩƷҶϲ

µľȻĴ߶޺۵ȻĿʼҶͬһһĿȥϵǿµ˺֮Ѿ˿ĲڸǵıŷȻ˵ѧԺн̶ֹȵɱЩ涨޺һĴ˵Ļȴûжٵ
㵤֮µĲλѾʼʹ˻߹ǵĲλγһĵ֮Ƶĳ̶ȿʼϵҹϵѪ˵Ǽǳ֮ҲֻԵĸıһ徳𻵵ľûжٵĹϵ
ķϵҶĶ߻죬Ҷ쿪ڵʱ޺۵ȴѾԴһһߵĳ̶ˣֻҪٹһӱԽˡ
޺ȴûֹͣʱѾ൱ĹŹĽԼ˻Ǽ桢ʺͳ֮ɫΪһ塣
㵽ʲôˣ
ܹԼϵһ˿˵˵ͨ˵Ļ޺۵һţ˵Ż˵ѯʡ
Ҷ쵭Ц
ֻһϲҩ˶ѡ
һʱΧȫž
һӲӳ˫Ŀת
ʱ޺Ѿʼ仯Ȼ˵ڸԼּǴֳ鴤̬Ļʱ൱ļ
ߺߣܺã߰ɡ
޺ûжȥ˵ֻǽֲϵƷʰñҪ뿪
ҩӣˡ
ŲӰ˰֣޺۵˵
㣬ֻǲ֪Сǲð
ҶǿеĽԼȤĶ赲ٲȻһֺǲˬ̬ǶԴҶֻ΢΢ЦЦҪ޸Ļûκεĵҩǧʯ黹ҪǿˣʥҩǧʯǾ൱õЧ
ҲƺҲΪ֮ʱԼľصˣϵߵʱ򶼻ᴥЩƣΪԷ˵Լڲ
Ҷȷʵа취κõģϾҩķӣǰ㲻ʲôġҶȴû˵Ϊûжٵ񣡸οһ￴ǲǺˡ
ڲ˿ǵģʵȴĻ޺۲δȥ˽⣬ֻ΢΢ĳŶԷ˵ͷ

ĵط
һһٶƽ׵ķУ޺۵˵ûжٵĴڣһеһжʯͷƶɵġ
ʯʯԼƷһٶƽ׵ķӣڽ֮Ȼֻһ䷿䣬Ǿһٶƽ׵ķΧУȴ˵ͨ
ʱҶһ˲֮ɫȴ΢΢һ䣬漴ıΧ˼ۣ¶Ȼɫ
ĵط
Ҷ̾˵˵ĵطֵĶأڽ֮Ҷ쾹ȻԪҪɵĵزҲ˵ԪٶȻߺܶܶࡣ
ĵطҲһԼĻֲӮȡġ
֪Ҷһλҩ޵֮޺۶Ҷ̬ҲһЩı䣬˵δʼôӲˡ
Ҷ˵ͷ漴ʯ֮󣬱ƶŶԷ˵
Ҫ֪ľҵҪ뵽нй۲졣
Ҷֻһûȥ˵һİ˽Լ뵽ԼڲһðգһֺܴðգһԷʲôĻ൱µģһԼڲϵձ˽⵽ԷϵĴ󲿷ֵص㣬ϺпܻԼĳЩ㡣
˵ҶԷһ˼ʱ䡣
ԣ
΢΢˼һ֮޺۵û˿ԥ˵
ҶĿ˶Էһۣ漴ʼĹע˶ԷУšתת֮һ˿˿·ǲ˿һ㿪ʼķ
ת֮Ҷɫȴʼ˴ԼСʱʱ֮ɿԼƣ˫Ŀ˼
޺û˵ҶӵԼ״ÿʱ֮ʱֵ״ֱǿµ˼ޣ۸ӵľֵĵƼֱǿޱȣΪʵ˼ϲʱķʳһЩҩĻ⾭ѾΪѹضĶˡ
ҪԼκʵϲѣҪƷȴѣһЩתſĻָ
á
һ֮ҶԼ˫Ŀ¶һĨЦ˵
еĻҪ鷳һЩһЩյġ
ҶĻ޺ԭ΢΢¶һĨΣںǾ仰ĳ֮ȴٴεļ
ֻҪԽκãұǷ飬ԺֻҪõҵĵطҾԵĲẬ
Ҷһ㶣û뵽һﾹȻԼ˼Ҷȴûȥֻ֮ͣǿ˶Է״ߵʱҶ컹֣Է֮ԻˣȫΪתȵƣɵģͺһˮܣ˵ˮÿͷһƽ׵ˮȻǿ֧ŵģ˵ÿͷŵˮﵽһֵĳ̶ȣǼҲȥȴˮܵСٵġ
ǧʯЧǲˣҿʳһʥ
뵽Щ֮ҶЦ˵
Ҫһӣһɱӡ
޺һ㶣ε˵һ£漴ıٵ뿪ˣ뵽˶ԷϹŹֵı֮Ҷ첻ɵЩȻʧЦȻһһˣû׼ʲôӡ
ҲҶڸǵʱ䣬ٵĴڤóһƿǧʯ飬һװãٴóһöװ˵ҩƿһ֮󣬱㽫ƿԼĻ


223 ͵
ڶԷ⾪㵵Ҷ콫ԼѪ䵽˶ԷɱУԷǲ֮ҶЦ˵
ҵѪɲһ˿ģΪҷʳһö䣬˵ѪҺıһĺô
޺΢΢ĵ˵ͷҶҲֻͣĵ˾ŵѪ֮󣬱ͣˣٴװģĴӻó׼õĵҩС
ƵҶǰƵģڸŲЧǾϿ𵽺ܺõͨãԼǰʱƳϺõҩȻ˵ڵȼߵûжٵЧȴӦ޺ϵˡ
Ƶóʱǹ޺ۿʼ˲Сġ
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ҩ˱УʱЩѪ·ǻ˹һ㣬ѸٵĽҶѪ˽ȥǵɫĵҩʱѾ˷ۺ֮ɫԼĿԿó΢΢ĲȻΧԪҲڱҩӰš
ҵľƺһ˿
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Ҷĵ˵ͷ˸ӦǾʹԼ뷨ȷģҶȻƵҩȴͶҽʦӵеһ֪ʶһжֻĲ²неġ
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͡
ǧʯ˱֮󣬶ʱⱭеķɫٵתΧĿжһŨޱȵ
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ǧʯĸ֮޺۵ڵ¶˾㵵ɫǧʯȻˣǿıžԵҽκѧԺ˵йǧʯϢ
ǵĽЩҩںһĻȻҲԽԷıҶȴЧһ̶ȡ˵ڵʼת֮£ĿʼⱭ
ʼӱֱӵķɳҶɨһߣ漴Ĵǧʯ顢ԼѪҺƵִȻЧںһĻȴԵĿԲһʣӴ֮Ŀ£ҶҲ漴еᴿ˲١
Լһյʱ֮Ҷ콫еıӽ˵
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˳ֵĴһƬҶӣҶ˰˵
ȫ֮ЩٸɣҿֻҪоһöҶӡ
޺۸ûзԣΪڵѾⱭеҩҺ˽ȥ˵
һȥġ
˵䣬Ȼĳһ
ҶѾҪȲѡȥˣǰƬҶϸϸĦУһּʵĸоб㴫˳о֮֮ҲʼĲ
Ҷǰɣ
ͻȻʱһĴĳ֮ΧĿȻĿʼ
ĽеҶڤҶת˹㿴Լһˡ
Ϊ֮һɫĳۣ̬ȻӿȥΪĿȴһͲбζ
ߣһϤ׵Ϊ⣬Ϊ˾ȻǶԼޱ˾ͽϹʱһһ޳ЦݵĿԼӺ̬ʵΪ
߻վżͬɫľȻѧԱϵȴǲȻЩûһߡ
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ҶޱĶŶԷ˵
˭㻹ûʸֻ֪ȷһǷԼҶ챾˶ѡ
Ҷüͷ΢΢
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ӵüͷ΢΢һ壬ȻǶҶش൱ĲһԵ˾ͽϹ֮ɫĶҶ˵
ߣǷԼֶȥˣҶ죬㣬λ˫ŵĸ֮һ͡
ҶĿһ˾ͽϹ˫ۻУΪм˵
ԭ㾹ȻΪ˫ŵˣǺǣ˫ŵĸô飿
˾ͽϹϿʼҵŤһʼʱ㿴Ҷ첻˳ۣһȫΪҶã߾ȻʿǿΪֵܣ
ӵΣǷҵĻʿĸ֣ѧԺдԼģ
޶˵Թ޴ʹ˾ͽϹɫԽѿ
͵˫ĿضҶ죬ܹΪʵϻ϶ǳ˿Աģܶĸ֣ȴûһܹԼݶ޶ԣ
һһ𣿡
͵̲סӿŹֵ뷨漴ȴĴ뷨԰Ȼ˵
Ҷ죬ǰҲû⣬ֻһ㣬ӦҲ²ĳĿİɡ
Ҷĸָϵڤ䵭˵
Ϊɡ
΢΢ĵ˵ͷ
ãͬʱҲǺѣ˵Ҳܵκε˺Ļ㴥һ㡣
˵ϵѾ
꣡
ҶڵĵȻĳ˵ƣΧе˶ʼɿ뿪ȴվԶۿ
ֻҪȥǸˣҾ͵ûзϾҵһͼѧԱʵĲʲô¡
ҶζЦ
ҪεĵǸأ
Ȼ˵
ǰ½⣡
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Ҷĺһɵ˵
һŮ˵ǰǺǣǰԵֶΰ˵ҲӦأ
ҶϵѾڿʼתϵСҲ΢΢չһųǲм̲֮סĸ̾
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Ȼ˵Ļֻһ취ˡǸΪֹҪͼȥѰˣڿɲġѾû˿԰ˣСʶĻǾͰ˵İ죡
ȿȿȡѧܣǡȿȿȣּ˰
ͻȻһ󼱴ٵĿĴӲԶ˹


224 Ĳ
͵ɫ΢΢Ŀʼ仯ֻһĳۣ԰ɫϹһֲʵЦݣ˫ĿиһĨǵζȴӰ˶ڴ˳ֵ𺳺͵ӡ
ӣ˫ź͸ƺûʲôìܰɣҪʲô
ȿȿȡǺǣѧܣߵ̫ˣҾȻĸ㡣
ӵ¶һ˿ѿЦ˵ıȴڳĳ͵ɫһεı仯ʵȻ͸ܹ˫ŵ諶λʮֵĳ̶ȣȻʵǿǿ
ޱѿɫڳ͵ԵޱԣΪȻֱӵԼˣŶԷһſȥֱǼ͵̬һǿĳ嶯̵ĽһһȭɣǴ⣬ң൱η塣
ΪЩļ£˵ҪϽĻȥ
Ҷ쵭˵Ϊ±©Լݣ鷳ķҶҪԼʵǰЩһԼĿӣҶȴֲжڻ׵˵ĵǿʼԽļ
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ͣҶѡӣֻȴȽϵ鷳Ҷ쿪ʼĲ²˶Է뷨ⲡ֮ƵĳһʲôҪõԼûҲܾʹ˵סԼȥ·ȥһֱڱţȻǲ̽顣
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ǴĿȴԿóҶ쾹Ȼ޺֮ϵ޺ۻǷ˶Է飬һϢʵ͵˿ʼһʮ֮һĲѾǿʼҲͷʹټһ޺ۣǽӵĿ£һʱĳ͵˿ʼ㷲
˵ƺǳΪһ͸֮һʵĻޱȣȥͷֻǱֳ߼̶ȵҶ죬ʱȴҲʼޱ
СӵʲôˣΪʲôʮֵǣһ𡣡
Ҷ쵭˵
ǿ԰ɣϾһҪȫĻָĳ̶ȷʵЩѶȰ
¶һĨɫȻ˵Ҷʱ赭д̬ǳȴᵽһ̬ȻҶ컹кܴİյģⲻɵпʼ΢΢һϲ漴ĶҶ˵
磬ҸطúõؽһһһЩҪ㡣
Ļдһ˿Сĺ𾴣ȴ˵ľȣ͵¶һ˿ѿ֮ɫѾ˺ܳʱˡ
ӣСӵ˫ŵˣҴ˻諶ã磬Լÿ൱ذġ
ȿȿȡ֪ѧܵΣ
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ߣ˫ţΣ˵諶ĻҲֱ棬ʲôҲ̸
һֱ֮ӵǰȻ̤һ漴ϵƷҲκĳżƲɵѹƶȥ
͡
ⷽԲʮ׵ķΧѸٵĳ˵µƤ޳鶯ıΧĿҲ˿ʼԵԽ
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žž
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Գ˿ڸǵӣ
ߣһȺں֮ڣֻǵ˫ŻΪԼѧԺе𣿸ǣѧԺеǸ֣ǻڶָͷԽСС˫Σң
ǡֵĳ֮Χ·γ˵µĲһ㣬ǿʼŤֹǿĵ֮˲ڳļ˿ʼĿʼʵ΢ļ˸˵ıǷ·һľĴ˳ȥ
ȿȿȡѧܣ߰ɡ
Χޱȵ񣬳Ҷ쵭˵
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ڳŵɫУҶͶԷƮƮȻ뿪ˣҶƺĿ˶Էһۣó͵Ťޱȵķ
ܺãҶ죬ΪԼ˼߱޷˫𣿵Һ˫ԣǱǲѧԺмȥˡ
͵ĿŤֹ˵
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ߣҶѧԺɲΪǿʤģѧϰģ
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Ϊ׵һ˪һ̲ס˵
ԺһεͼѧԱķӦǿңϾһµƺЩ̫ϿЩ
ԣָ΢΢ǿľĹϸһѣ󵭵˵
ҲѾǹˣʱƣƺЩ߼ѧԱѾʼԽǿ̬ˣɣȥ֪ͨһ£ֵʱ䶨һܣȥúõع۲һЩСۼһһЩ̫ǿƵĻ̵סǣĳЩһﻹǴ㷭첻ɡ
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˵ĳ̶ֳѧԺҲ˸λѧԱԼⷿѧϰ˵޺۱ˣֻҪʵȥҶԼаգǱԼȥסԼȥԺֻһ̶ȵİֶ֧ѡ
µĽϵشҶͳ߾ÿһεľҶоǷĵֲѹƣȻи߼ѧԱ
Щ޺ѾˣֻҪǳ֣ԵõԼҪġ
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ΧװκʵҶЩԾҶȫû뵽ȥļһﾹȻһŸƷλļһ
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Ҷıֳ൱˵ͷ˵
ǰ֮ڲɵϺòҶҲǻ˲ٵĹŵõģ֮˵ŲС洦ġ
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Ҷϸϸĺһ裬ûȥ˵֪ԷȻǻлҪ˵ġ
Ȼڴ˵֮󣬶Է˵
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ǺǣǿԵģֻǲ֪Ƿȥأҡʲôô

ߣ㾹ȻĴȥҶԷ鷳һͲ޺Ħ㻹ĵ찡
ȱ¶һĨŭĺʵԵЩɲ߼λ˫ŵĸ߹ҲһεĿȱͳ֮ͣìѾʼˣҾһ㣬˲ܣǾǲܵġ
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226 ˫ŵļƻ
֮ȱǳ;ȻıԼͣҲ¶˸صĲȻ˵ʱѾԵĶŶԷȴҲûȥ˵
ĵطһװεıȽϻıǱһУһλԷ̬ӰǺӰûӡ
ҲǴһﴫġ
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һûڳɫʼԽѿⲻôУһεѹͷ·һ㣬޷ȥ
ڳԼƿȻ˵ⲡӣҲȥںܹΪʮֵˣûһߣҼҲ޷໥ĶԿģǹؼʱ̣ƿܹҲʱˣȥ鷳ĻҪЩ˻ʲôôߣͣȻ˵ȷʵӦȥģҲҪˣҪҪʲôͼѧԱѾʼѧˣҶѧԺɲֻ˫һץȥʵѪҺһζȥҶȥԽĻ罫Լע˫ŵ档
Ӱ˵ΧĿռҲĲţϸϸĿȥŻȻķ֣֮ʱԷΧѾڸסˣǶԷΧһ׵ķΧиû˿ĹâԴ͸ȥ
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Ȼ˵֪ǰһޱȵĿ£ǳȴ̲ס˵ͼԼһϣȡ

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ĳ֮һĺɫâ·Ǻɫһ͵˵ǰǳ͵ɫȴʼޱѿ
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һ׼õģȻһҲ࿿İҲ˰ģҼˣԺáõҵĵط㲻Ҫϵɽ͹ģֻҪһ仰κεֻҪܹ쵽Ҳһüͷġ
ĻǼᶨ˵Ϊʮ֣ĳŵҶȻŵģĵ˵ͷ
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һԵոյɣߵİٲεüͷ
ǰɣôͽ˵ڸѾûжٵʱȥˣ
ٲȻСѾٸ߼ѧԱһȤ


227 ټ磡
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ٲ¶֮ɫϴˢţҹһﾹȻһλĵͼѧԱҲżյʱ֮Ѿ˴ʶǣֽٵϴһϵеḶ́ϰһ˷ܵĲˣǽһ̳սҹ֮ŻʱҲ˵˯ͷĻ׺Ϊѧϵİ۵賿ʱȻҲ˯߲㡣
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ҵľĻܰν˼±Ǻޣ޵˼±ǰǵӦҲпܵģٺ٣ŪСܹΪеһ㶨ʮŮ˵һλˡ
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Ǳģϴʦÿ²ſʼһοΣһξƿУǾĽ֮ҵƿ˱ˣһúúõذһεĻᡣͼѧԱǵиһϿαԽʦָǰʱ򣬿ĵȴ˿ʼѧϰ֮ġ
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ǰŵķǵͼѧԱڽ̨һλѾѮҵԼڿҶ֮΢΢¶һĨ졣
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228 ΢䣡
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ĸŮӿɶһһŮܹΪѧԺŮΪǿʮŮȻű˿϶ģеһ˱Ѿ൱ˣĸ˾ۼһĻһֺεȵķ羰
ε̾ϢһȻ󵭵˵
ðɣǿʼˣλѧԱȻ˵ͷӱǧĵŮӵҪ˺ܶ࣬ңӦڽΰɡ

һЦʱĴд˳˵ҲʼûԾֶΣҶ쵼ʦ൱ֻƬбѾմƾһֶαҶ쿪ʼˡ
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Ȼ˵ʵΪǿģȴгҶ˵Ϊֲһµ޶ԿĹʵڲϵǿֲֿ˺ѸеȴҲǳɱġ
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Ҷ˫Ŀ΢΢漴ĶΧ߾Ȼһ㵭Ҳ˵ԷǽԼںһġ

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ƵЧλӦҲ֪ʵν൱͵ģǱڳĲѧԱǶҪͺܶ࣬ǾҸղŵ˵ĻԽܶ˵ʵѹƵһ벻ĳ̶ȣƵЧ
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ٵĹȻ쳹ܵЦܹܵô˵ĳϣȷʵһֵÿĵ飬İ˰ּ˵
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˵ʱĺһڲ裬˵
ϣܶģΪɱ˶ˣΪ˫մѪȵ˱ɱ⾪֮ʵǴģϾǻˣʼìĦɱ˵ĻҲǺܶģֲɱ˿˵ǲȡģȡķ֮һҪеĵӣԼԼΪµĻ£ȻԼܣüǿ
Ľǳ׺ȫҶ춼оԼһεĿγ治ǳٵ˵Ƕļ⿪ʼ˱ʼǣ漴СĵĿһ磬ֶԷʱȻǺÿüëʼʱеıֽϹš
ľ̬Ҷ⣬ƺǸоڿԼ̲סҶķһۣ漴֮󣬱һۣ
оƺЩûȤҶεӼǾʱ򣬴õűݺݵһ߿ˣ
ڽεʱ˭ϲʦϲѧԱǸӵ񣬶ҶԷһŽŸ߿ġ
һλɫ߰ĨӴҡڵ˽߰źɫװӸ󣬶ȽŮ
λŵȻΪ׵ӣڿǷŭǿԼƽĹâʱ˲ĿʼϳĻ֮̿ɫĶϹϾ˵
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ѧԺеһλԱǸѧԺȫ֮һΪ˽ᣬΪԷ⹤棬ȻΪԸ˲ٵˣȴҲûжٵĶȻѧԱǵпڱȴ൱Ĳ
ǼλɫװѧԺеִӣЩ˵ʵѾﵽʿĳ̶ȣҲִҪġ
ִӵֻ֮ĺһ֮󣬱ûжϾƼҲ൱˽ġ
ʲôһôִӵˣѲɻץ˲ɣ
ĳ൱ĲˬǻƼô᲻֪Լȵ˵أ˵뵽ĻҲģѧԺλ߲㶼ȥǵһ¸صߣŭ˶ԷǵùľĻ֮æЦ
ǰǰֻΪֵķŭˣ˵ŻѡţȻˣģڿСֵǸ⡣
һʱ֮󵭵˵
ߣʲô˵ɣҲҪˣϽ£Ͻ뿪ɡ
Ƽæ¶мɫ
л֧֣СӺܿľͻᴦġ
˵֮¶ޱȷŭɫĺ
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229 ݺ
໥Ķһ֮󣬸оƺЩ̫ԾʱҶվ漴˵
ұǣ
Ҷ֮󣬻Ƽ΢΢¶һĨ죬ǺܿȴһŮ˵
𣿡
ŮӵӺ᲻ʮ˾ӣǰһö־ŵͼѧԱʶȴһǰǸ߼ѧԱɫ
ڿҶ֮Ůӵ¶һĨңȴܺõڸȥĶŻƼֱӵ˵
ǵģʦޣ
Ȼ
ѾٵѧԱǿʼʱҶǱ޵֣ʱʵôҿʼú
΢΢ߵİӣҲһüͷֻСľͳһûûε˵
㣬㿴һƺҪù˰
ݺݵСľͳµԴһ꣬Щ׽˵
оЩ̫Ծ
Ҷ컹δ˵ŮǲϾȻܿı㱻ˮˣּſֲ˳
ʦһҪϳ쵰޲Ļ쵰åͽӣ
ŮƺߣʱٵѧԱѾʼҪĦȭƵҪǰһ㡣
Ƽĵ˵ͷ漴Ķߵִӵ˵
СӴߣ
˵ѾһĨ޷ڸǵŭˡ
ǣ
ִ֮߰˶ʿǿߣҾḻǿһССĵͼѧԱǻֵ飿

СȻĺȵ
ըףƷıҶ˷·ֱĴɽľһ㣬ȻŶԷѹϷĴһְԵޱȵϢ
λִ֮ˣȻҶºݺݵǰҲ¶һĨޱȵɫȻǶҶ仯˲Сľȡ
˻ʲôŮ˵Ĳʵһĳ˴۽簡
Ů
仰˵֮ʵɱСڳ˵ɫʼ仯Ůĸеζ൱ĴģΪҶдʲô˼ڿҶ񶼿ʼЩǲٵŮӶʼһӾŵ񿴴Ҷ죬ƺǶԷǺˮһ㣬ڿҶߵ˲ĿʼΧ뿪ƺǺҶһ𣬶ۡ
ֻȴɵû˿ı仯ͷ·ûҶ״һ㡣
Ůλʦ֤𣿡
Ҷüͷ΢΢˵
ǵ̬ûƼвɵһĪĸо
ߣ龹Ȼ˵ĵһģȴû뵽Ѿһˣĳ쵰Ѿ찡
뵽֮ʼԽǿ
ߣСӣ߾û֤ݵĻ㰡ôûұ˰
ҶָŮ˵
˵֤ݣҸͲʶŮˡ
Ƽм˵
ǰʶʶĻǶ಻ðһָϳĻ»ܵ˵Ǵ𡣡
Ҷ˵
˵ĺƵģƾԷһ֮ʾΪǴ𣿡
ƼҪ˵ŮȴȻļ
Ҷ죬ޡϲϵֻ׽û뵽ĵļһȻ̰ͼҵɫǽҹƭѧԺĺɽ棬˵λѧǡõĸϵĻĵİ͵óˡ㾹Ȼ𣿡
΢΢¶һ˿˼̬ƺѾʼЩΪҶ춼ƺǲһ֮ŮӵҲٰ
ضŮҶû˿⣬ɫԽΪѾ֪һǶصļһҪԼԼ޷ѧԺдȥ
̫ɶˣôܹҶѧԺأҶѧԺ½ŸĴڣôܹѧԺأһҸо裬ǲϳ޲Ҿ˳ѧԺ
һλȻļһȻվ
һﲻǱһֱҶ˾ͽϹʱһı֮ɫ̬Լͷ·ǸŮһ㡣
ò˵˾ͽϹﻹһӰģ˵֮󣬶ʱΧһЩҲʼ׷׵ӦľҪѧԺҶ졣
һ˼룬˼룬˼룬ܿǧ˶ʼк
ף㣬ôȥǺܿİ
СľЩֵʵ
ߡСȻ޳ЩȻޱȵᣬ˭ҿɲΪԼȥжһһıʣһϾͲһµˣҪ֪ƾҪȥŮӱвٵϲģѵ˵ûŮӵɫϾ㲻ϳˣҶ쵰ϲһڡ
ܹһ㣬˵жѾʼǿˣ黹ǾͺôһĹϵ
һ֮϶ʱ¶һĨɫǺܿȴӦ˹
˼ǡ
ӣĵ˵ף˵
ܹⷬʦʼˣȻԷõ̶ܹܶ࣬ⷬȵҲֻЩ߼ѧԱͨĸ߼ѧԱǲܴﵽ̶ⷬȵģǼȻ˵ĻֻһֿˣǶԷѧԺеĳЩܹ֯һìܵƺֻһ֯йϵ˫ţ
һ֮󣬶ʱɫʼ൱ѿ˫ģԷ֮ΪӵĻǴԼԼѹˣǱ֪Ļţ
˿ʼĳķϿ˹˫۾µй¶˵ɱ⣬Ҷ˭൱˽⣬ԼĵܿɲˣȻڱʹǼȻ˵ĻôܲɵԷϡ
ߣ
ꡭ
ָ΢ҶҪʼˣȻ˵ҶһֱҪ͵ȴϲ˸е顣
ߡ
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ţ
ش˳ֱӵĵҶǰһ۾侲ޱȵĶŶԷ
鵼ʦҪ
棬ǻƼ϶ʱ¶Ϊѵɫĵλ൱ϵģҲȥϼĴڡ
ƺǻźܶɵɣǵľƾһˣѧԱǱݺģѧԺԺ˭
ش˳


230 ͵ȸߵһ
鵼ʦʲô𣿡
ֹ֮ƼѾʼЩˣڵѾˣԼѧԺгһƥǣһһƥ൱µǡ
ǶԷúƲõĻȻҶѧԺԺԻ˵ı˸Ĩ˺ɫ˵ҪȥƲҶ졣
ǺǡϷûҪ˵ģֻǻһδ˰ֻ˶Է˵ʵϴӿʼΪֹƺû⵱˱˵˵ɣҶѧԺʲôµĵطӵĲǲɹ֮أжˣȻҪϣȴ˵ǾҪȥһĴɶ˰ɡ
ʱһŮȴȻЦ
ҶѧԺ½ΪǿѧԺ֮һʦ½ҲŲСȴû뵽ǣҽڼ֮ȴоޱȵĺЦҲ½еĵʦҲҶѧԺеǿʦ֮һһŮΪʲôҪȥݺҶ죬Ϊʲôȥݺˣѵ˵ҾôĲҪԼޱȵȴȥݺһʶˣѵ˵ҶѧԺĵ𣿡
ȫžˣ
Ҷüͷ΢΢
Ů˵ĻȻ˵ûжٵĿ̱˵ȴģǽҶѧԺʼ̧˳ӣ̬ҶƲˣҶѧԺ½֮һ㡣
㡭㡭
̲סĶʼѾѧԺдôõʱˣ㺬ɳӰķ̡
ʱ򲻵ʼǻƼɫҲʼЩѿΪѧԺһλʦȻ˵Ϊһ㣬ȴϾѧԺһԱɣŮ˵˵ʵѾԷҲ˽ȥ
һǰĸ߼ѧԱɵɫʼòҰʱѾʼԽĸݺݵһǸһķŭ˫ĿȴɵĴһ˿ɫŮˣƺǿʼԽĺ
˵Ǽ㣬ǲҲ˵ǼأǻΪ֤
ٲ¶һ˿ֲŭ˵
ǵģһҲǿԳֵģʲôҪ˵𣿡
ʱĻƼ˵ĿѾʼԽԷղŵĻѾ׵ļŭ
֮ΪصŮԣʱѾ΢΢¶һ˿ңΪԼų˺ݻ֮ѧԺӦ̵ĽҶƲˣȻûУһжδ֣
鶼ʼЩܿ
ܹ˻û˭ɵӣʼʱһΪҶŭΪضǺѧԱҲѾ˲ٵ˿ʼͷЩԾˡ
⡭λѧҵľˣΪ֤
ص¶һ˿֮ɫҲʼЩ
߼ѧԱԡɫҲһǺܿȴӦ˹˵
ǵģʱΪɽȽϵİһЩ˵ҲŻ˻Եɺϵľѧá
ɷĺߺߵ
ƾһ˾Ҫĵ̫ŵĶϷˣԺǲǴҪʲôĻֱӵһˣȻ֤˵˭˭˭õ۸ңѧԺǲҲøǴأ
оϵɷ֮˵ɫ΢΢һʱͷ·һֻͻһ㣬ݷϢϵɢͷ·ǽҪһԲϱһ㡣
Ҷ΢΢ĿЦҪ͵ѧԺжȹģȴδ뵽ԼȻһձ˵裬뵽Щٿǲٵ¶ı֮ɫ֮Ҷ΢΢Դڸˡ
ǰһôܹ֤һЩϷ˵ɡ
֪˭һ֮󣬶ʱĴҵĹʼˣ漴֮Ҳ漴Ĳ
һôˣǲǿŮ谡Ůӵⶼ˳ѵ˵⻹ʲôֵõЩûһö
ιιιô˰Ҳֻ˵һ乫Ѱѵ˵ƾһ˾ͿԽһ˶˵ˣ˭ұ֤˲ʶ

ۼֱը˹һ㲻ϵزȴ޷ıʲôʱһȴ˳аһɾޱȵǿڳ˵ѹ
Ǽټأ֪ҵʸǷԹһ֤أ
˵ĳ֮һλŽɫ۵߽У漴ĳһ֮󣬱㳯ǻƼԸ߰Ĺ˹֡ı󼸸ĸԵޱȵࡣ

Ҷ˫ĿԽĿʼڳ޷ֵĲλһ˫Ŀʱͫ׼Ҫ۳һâһ㣬еĺȴδı˿˲ǱˣǱҶɨӵΪʲôͣ
͵ĳֳ׵Ľһµĸ߳
˭
ǿѧԺ൱ǿ˫ŵĸ
ʲô˫ǧ˵ĶܹΪһͷһĴڣ˵֮⣬Ҫʵ͵Ȼʮǿ󣬵ʵȴҲѧԺеһλ˺ܿı㱻߼ѧԱǸ˳
ȻǳͰ
ǰǰ˧һǸᣬʿ϶൱ǿˡ
ٺ٣СˣԵ군ˣȻһλʼˣȻԷ˾Եİգ˵˫ſ׵ĲָģһȻ˫Ҳʼõ˷ˡ
һһһȻ֮ɫҵޱȵ˵
ȴʼԸȥԼʵȥҶ쵫ȴҲ뱻˵ԼаԵһҶһǿ൱ҵģѧԺѾΪµˣҶѧԺһһ֮󣬻ᱻ൱ģǺܿͨĴӵĻһﻹεܹ½ϰȻȥ
Ȼ߰ޱȣȴĵɱ˲ͷѣ˵Ⱥһˣʵ޷Ľܣ
ͬİӣ˵Ҳ˷ŭ̬
㡭
Ƽ¶һĨ֮ɫ˵
΢΢ĵ˵ͷ漴ĶŻƼ˵
ʦӦ֪ĹǡҪʱļȡؼ֮ǵͣĵֻͣӲܹȫĻΪһ壬ȻĽںѧԺĺɽһֱȥѾһˣΪԪ൱ĳ棬ˮԪصӵŨһЩҵҲһܴİġ
ȷʵˣ⡶Ҳ˵εҪ֤أ
Ц˵
һҪһˣʵʱҲСͼλѧõ飬ҿ൱ԷѾѧüֱǾҪˣҪֵʱеĳԱȴҲϵˣ˵ֽС˸ˣߣһ֮Ի˵ϤΪҶѾǵһεˣλӦҲ֪ҲܵĿͷϵĵϷģߣ˲һһһĻ쵰λʦһҪƭˡ


231 ͵ȸߵ
ƼͻȻʵ
ΪʲôǸʱأ
ͿЦ˵
ҲǸոյĽӵϢųֵģ֮Բ֣ȫǺŮӵ˵Żᰴסûȥֵģһ£˵ҵλеĵʵǿĻǲǴһͿΪΪȥЩأΪףҵѧԱʵ΢ĻһΪ˱֤ԼȻĻѡɱڵģˣļûмҽ̵İ࣬ŵĻҲǻ쵰ҽϳ˵ΪȻѧԺͨе˶֪Ҷ֣
TMDҲ̫˰ɣǼĺ㣬쵰ȴ˵ĶŮ˻ģ
̲סЦ˵
Ǻǣҿȫľ˫ԼƺðУһ֤˫ŵģһǸŮ˲֪ǲеĳԱ
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м˵
Դǵû˵Լͺˡ

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˭ҿ˫ŵĸΪȥһɵķȥʲô𣿡
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Ҷûжټҽ̵쵰ҿû˿Ȥģ
һһһһ쵰һһûмҽ̣
Ҷ˫ĿɱѾ񱩶ˣȻҪ͵ȴҪȥŰǸӵĲȥʹ˵ĺͶԷıš
ղ˵ұѧԱǰɣ
ҶĻ¶һĨŭ˵Ȼܵͣȴһֿµѹѹ֮£ڳǸоΧʼñ
ңңõĳطһھվΪ׵һȴǸԺı˪˾վ
ǺǡСһҪ̲סˣ˵Ļ˫ʵҪúõһˣԴ諶ɾʮֵͷ֮ƺҲʼԽĸ߰˵ҲһܴĲ֮
˪˫Ŀϵǿϼ˸ſֲĺ⣺
ߣҵѧԺĹ涨ȥˣҥ£飬ֶκѾʵĺѧԺˡ
񵭵˵
ҪѧԺĳɳĻҪϻԼĵ͵ȫĲܵģΪ͵ǰǸߵҪߵĻӵҪһ㡪ǿǲǿĻֻܹūۣҪǿҪıŬѧԺǴ֮أҪıǲпȴҲǿһȥˣͣߣСҿҲԽԽˣǼһСһﾹȻѧװأߣ콫ԼڸǵʵʵģҿǱûѧᣬѧ˰ϻˣУСС;֪װ찡Ǽ׼ɲСһӷ˿ȻʲôµδػߣǳʲôĻҿ޷ӭλ˵ŭ𡣡
˵ʱҲʼ˪͵Цѡ
Ȼ˿ν൱ĲģʱҶ˵黹ڼš
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뵽ҶϢ֮ٴεĿʼ
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ĲҪ㲻Ķ֣һֵĻԿĻ㣬ǿȥѧԺĸ߲㴦飬źܿıһˮʯĽġ
Ҳݣϴ¸񰡣Ƿ飬ľ͵ñƲˣ㲻ǷǵѧԺҲա
˵⻰ĳ֮Ҳûˡ
ĿҶһ֮󣬷ǲ˵ֻĸԼ°ϵĺƺǿʲô
Դǳͳ֮󣬻ƼҲûȥ˵վһԣȴЩΪôƺǺ˫ǣһء
ǼȻӵܵĻǲҲ˵ʵԷҪǿء
Ҷʵ仰˵ȴЩͷǳԣҲ΢΢üͷȴ˵
ҵʵȻܹĵģȻЩԱ˵ҵʵҲǲġ
Ҷ˵ͷ˵徹ȻȻĳ嵽˶Էǰ˫ֱָӵγ˽һ״̬µޱȵıŷ˳
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
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һӰֱӵĴˤ˲ǱǳֱͣӵıҶĴһȭ֮Ѫ˺ֵǿѾҪȥĽˡ
Ĵ˲ıޱȵİе˾Ŀֲֿ꣬ĳȴԽǿ


232 ˿

ޱȼž
ƺǳ˴Ϣ֮⣬ҲûеʱĿҶ죬ǵ۾гžޱȵĹâ
һɱ
õ˫ŵĸõĸ߼ѧԱҶѧԺܹ˵ĴºպĳͣȻҶһɱˡ
˭Ҳ޷һֱӾȻʱһֻޱȵɱĳͻ˺ѰϢչֲޱȵĲԼ޷ڸסɷʱ򼸺Ҫγʵʡ
ȿȿȡ㣬ôܣ
ڵϲдŴ߰ޱȵһֱΪԼֻǺʮ࣬ѧԺг֮⣬ٻܹĲѴ֮ĽԼ㶨ˣʵʵǰһʵԷǾ˵ֶΣĲҪȥֲֿͣޱȵϢ˵Լһߵϡ
ؿһۻƼҶ쵭˵
λʦΪһᱻһһ˵ֶ𣿡
Ƽڵ¶һĨŭɫ˰죬֮˶ɵӣֻɵıŪһѣŪԼ˻ȥһ֮ɫŮأ
ܺáܺð
ƼûлشҶ죬ϵķŭȴ˵ŴʱǺεȵķߺޣõҶѧԺĵʦȻһոյĽѧԺĵͼѧԱˣˣ
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ƼЦֹ˵ʱȥޱŮг˷ŭ֮Ҳû˿ͬ顣
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⻰ƺǲ㹻һɱˣ֤ܻһͨѧԺǰĶӣ⻰ʵʵԵ͵Ŀ¡
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㣬ҲĽͣһǿ˵һµģ̶ȣԸ񣬾ԵĲϲ͡
һ֮󣬶ʱĹص¶˷ɫ
Ҷ졭㻹ǲˣûȤĻΪʲôҪ˺ң
ҶʵЩˣԼͶԷ֮仹޷йͨ漴ʼԼĿ߼ѧԱ
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ϾҲһţǶڿиҶѧԺ˵ֻܹһȺ֮²罫ϳȥ
һʹ찡ܹǳ͸ϳȥ˵ҲһβСս
ٲһ˷ܵ˵
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ĸԼ°һ˷ܵ˵ܹӴĸֶ˵һõ飬ϵغǿ߶ԿϵؽԼʵʼӵ״̬һԵĻĺһ裬漴ĶҶ¶һĨŹֵɫЦ˵
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ٺ٣һʵѾʼ˰ɣλǿɲҪңϾ˵Σգҵ˵Уһ֪Ļһ൱鷳ģ㲻ϲ鷳˵ĻԼõѡˡ
һıߵ˵
ǻΪĻԽأģ⳥ҵľʧ
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һĽҶѹ˵ϣһӵϵĵ޺һѹ
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ʱˮ·ת˲ţоĻʱʵѾȻʧˣһܵʱӹȥˡ
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ļˣѾȥȥˣʱҶҲʼСóһƬɫҶ
ƬҶһֱıţһֱҶıɢһֹޱȵϵԼ
ĽԼڲǺԭһʦӻڳ˯УֻϢȴĸıţԭĳ̶˵ҪŨ˲٣Ȼʱ֮ӵҲڲϵرš
ʦ𣬷İɣڹĺܺãҲһӵŬѵʱһ
֮ȻļƪɫҶ棬ģּʼǰʱЩּȴģ˼ޣȻеǿĿǻкܶȴ޴˽⡣
ǿ֮ƬҶıɫâʼĳΧɢâĳΧʼıɫĹâΧҿΧǹرյģûɫĹâڰ춼Ե൱ĳڵġ
·ǳ˿һ㣬֮Ļһ̵һ㣬ʼһƬҶиÿһεĻӶУЩּ㿪ʼԽ

Լǹȥһӵʱ֮ҶųһжչƬҶҲѾʼ˲С˽ˡ
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ˣҶҲǴһĸӣ֮Ҳﵽʷĳ̶ˡ


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ôʱˣҶ춼δֹ֮˵һƬҶı̶ȿɼһߣҲֻôһƬҶ˵ҶȻǲҴˣҪıСģСģСģ
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һ֮ҶҲʼıû˿Ĳ֮ת˼ޣٵĽΧĶһƬҶҲƯ˰УҶĿʼת֮һĲʱҲ˿ʼ仯
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һĴͻȻĴ˳ȻСҶǰȴ·һԼĶ߻һ㡣
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͡
ޱȵȼͻȻĴҶĶߣǼžķԵͻ֮Ҷ˫Ŀɵ¶һĨɫϿյƯҶ˹ȥ
ֻʱƯҶѾȫʧˣеֻһ΢΢ɢŹ⻪Һ壬ЩҺҶǻδȥ֮İΧ²ϵŤתΧĿռ䲻ʱ𶯼·µı
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Ҷвɵ¶ֵɫ漴֮ȻһҺҲ漴Ưǰ
΢΢ָ̽ŽҺ崥ţҶϲɵԽĹŹ
ѵ˵ҶľǸֻҺΪϵķ𣿡
뷨ʵЩҶӵĽ̵ԼԼļź;ûм㹦ĴзʽϾҺʵ̫ˣ˭ҺԼĹ
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ڸһҺʱͻȻȻһҺٵŤ䶯·ǻһ㿪ʼѸٵĲƵҶ棬˳ƿٵ
ꡱǿе룬˳Ҷë׺ݺݵ롣
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ëױͲ󣬶ұһҺǿеȥʱҶϿʼĲʮָһ޷ƵľʹȻĴƿʼԼȫ
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΢ıҶϴ˳˿δκľֱӵĽҶֱۿʼը
ѪҺУȴ˵Ľ䵽ϣ˵Ư˿жѸٵٴΰΧסҶơ
ѪģҶɼķһɹɵҺڴԼƤ·Ǽһ㿪ʼ䶯
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ʱЩҺȴͻȻļӿٶȣٶ֮Ӷһ֮Ѹٵת˲һʧˡ
ЩѪҲͬˮһ㲻ϵҶϻȻΧסҶһֻƣҼ䶯ȴҶһּˬĸоо͸ղŵǰʹֱ֮
ʱѾȫĻָʥʱٴεķӳԭӦеǿЧԼڻδȫɢĻҶ켸ҪԼΡ
ǿޱȵʹڼѾȫĻָˣȴɵĸоޱȵɼ
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һĨЦյĻǳҶϣҲʼһ
ȻҲ²һȷʵǴ֮Ĺȴδ뵽ǻҺУҡЧĿ³̶ʵĲһ˿Ծֵסġ
뵽˸ղŵǰ°ľʹ֮ҶЦҲ˵ĿʼΪǿ
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еҶͻȻȻһ󣬶ԺеһüеɫʮֽʱҲʼȻķһĹâ
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·ĿֲŭϵҶԺ𵴣ٴε𵴣Ȼޱߵľһ㣬Ҷ˿ʼ˰˯״̬
ԺҶʼָȫƮƮķ·Ǻ˾һĳ̶ȣǺܿҶȴȻľˡ
ֻԼǰһоȻʱѾ˾޴ı仯ǰûԼᣬûԼϤϢ֮෴ȴһİޱȵĻ
һޱȵĿռ䣬ռĹâһֹޱȵɫɫȴһ˸ζ
ϸϸĽЩ˸Ĺ㿴˹ȥ֮Ҷȴ֣ʲô㰡һγɫâ
ܹȫѹâĳ̶ȣһɲܵͬɫԼɼеѹ̲֮صǺεȵĿֲ
˭ܹĴҲԵ֣ȻܹǾ˵ѾǰĿˣǺǣīҶǿ˸ûпܳܵסģҼǳסˣҲֶֻϵûīҶĳ֣ҲܽеĹȥ˵СӣܹҺܿġ
һֻޱȵľ޴צҶǰ˺ѣޱߵһצ˺
¶Ҷ¶ޱץɫǿԵĻĺ뽫٩٩̸ļһһȭɣԼԷ˭ʲôطһеϢ֪εȥ˵ԼΪİĻҲ͹ˡôл
ȻһڷŭǺǣҪֱ𣬱ҲʹõķʽǳīҶ֮⣬ֲ޷ܡ
ȵȡ𣿣
Ҷ˫ĿʱȻùԲܹԱֻһˣǱ𼶵ĳǿߡ
𼶣
εȽһν


234 ߷֮һ

ν
һִﵽһּ֮еĳΪѾеļˣ½жޱߺĴˡ
Щ˻϶˱չغͽɽо޵ĳ̶ȣܹ߼ǿߴڵҲѾָˡ
ȴһһڸһ𼶵ǿڣֳԵĺĺܡ
⡶һϹŷҵģǺǣ֪ڵʵﵽһֺεȵĳ̶ȣһҪסǱδﵽʼĳ̶ȻǲҪȥȻеλҲѾ֪ˣµֻ߷֮һİǿԴĻǲܹ뵽СҲף㣬˵Сӣ
˵Ѿļֱʧʧ֮ЩɫĹҲ˵ĻһȦȦĲѸٵĳҶΧ˹ȥһֻצ𽥵Ҳʼʧޱ߼ʵ޿ռС
üһɾޱȵʹУҶҲʼʧ޵ĿռУһĪľ⿪ʼ֣Ҷ˳йһ

³һ֮ҶŻؿʼһȦתϵĻָ֮ѹת𽥵ʧ
ĳУŻ֮ĿƣʱڲҲһ˿һ˳
ԭѾޱڲʱʼøеĺɫʱѾԺУÿһ˿Ĺʵ϶ͱ˴໥ϵһģΧʼøӵ
ġ𣿿ҪԼȥķѵоˡ
ЩĹ㣬Ҷ¶һĨЦ֮ɫ˵
Щʵ̫ˣԼԺгЩ֮⣬ҲûˣҲֻܹ˵ԼڵԺֻЩǡϵˡ
ŽЩɫĹƶ
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һѵ֮Ҷǰеĺɫ˲ȫĿʼתתǿʼΧٵĴγһޱȵĹ켣
ҲҶһʱЩȴȻĻĺɫ˿߿ʼȫ뵽ҶС
һ˿ʼҶԺС
ָ΢΢ĶУҶҲĴԼ˳ԺеһĨǿҵĲȴҶԽĿ
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ԭЩɫĹȫıǡĿھֻҪǽ֮֮ǱѸٵĺҶںһ𣬶תγյĿھ
ҲˡһֵĽܺ͸ʹ÷ʽϸ˵ǲһ֮ĳ̶ֳ˵Ҳһ͵ĽֶΡ
е֮ſʼתǴ֮ԭûа취ȷĿƣڣ⹦֮ת·ˮһ
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һֲľȻĴҶüм˳漴ȫƿΧϵ谭ѹͬһĨһ㣬ѸٵĴǰһƿҶĿ֮Ҳڴ˵ĻתҶС
ٿ⻨ƿеֲƺû˿ı仯һ㣬Ҷȴ¶ɫ
Ȼһ֮еֲﾹȻĿʼήȫȻҲ̬Ȼ˵ǻģȴѾû˻ŵļˡ
ָ΢΢һһűɫĹҶУ
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ĻĴҶﴫ˳һ仰֮һĨɫĹȻĳֲ˳ȥһɫĹâ˸ֲ֮ﱾҲ˵ȻһǺܿȴƽϸϸĿȥ֣ᷢһֲȴѾԭ˽Ȼ̬ͬ
һֺǹصĴڣţȴ޷ʧȥһʧȥ֮Ҳʹ˵ĲղŵһֲǱҶȡ˱֮ȻһտǣǺԼ޲һһԷʧȥ֮󣬱ÿնޱȣȫγһְ׳һ̬
ǰҶ޷ﵽ̶ȣԼ֮ɵرתȴһˣ⡶֮Ҷޱȵȥ֮ԼҪЧҲΪʲô֮ٴεĴͷȻع鵽յĹˡ
Ժ似໥֮һֺεǿļܰΪʲôЩżиûгֹأ
Ҷ¶һĨ֮ɫ˵ܹٿ꣬ƻ޸һֺεЧһͶֶԿĻֻҪԼںͶԷԸʱֻҪ֮ȻԷڴֲٻʧһʱģӵĻһεʱ׸ˣ
Ǿǿһִڣκεһ鼮жδᵽʵҶ쿪ʼЩֲѡ
Ľ⹦ʼȫ֮ҶɫʼȻһ䣬޵ĿЦҲʼչˣ
ģȻȻֻ˵ĹѪ
ҶҪжơ
⡶ȷʵ൱ǿһѾɵˣΪؼȴǣ⹦ԼõҲе֮ĳ̶ȣ֮гεȥԼ֮ʹһЩͼֶι֮⣬Щûмس⡶ᵽȺһûС
Ȼǲ˵һȱ˺ܴһְ
ǺܿҶȴӦ˹˳ȻһöޱȵİɫƱԼǰ
öǲ޵ĿռӸģʱδ⣬ŵڤУڿԼǵǸϹŷȥһˡ
ϸϸĸеİҶ췢֣ĳ̶ֳ˵ĻľͲǷƷԼɢĲĻӦһֵȴˣΪֲļֵƵĵĺɫߡ
һصĵططǡϹŷ棡
öֻаƴСǲģȻľǲ˵ӣö񱻷ֳ߸֡
𼶵ǿ߶Ϊ֮ĵķ棬ѵ˵ϹŵĴʥǿǡǴ˵Կٿռǿµı𣿡
Ҷ¶һĨ֮ɫ˵漴Ҳڴ˵¶˿Цɫ
ƾڵ޷ȫռҪ˵ˣЩŰҲʵԼ˶֪ʣµİ񵽵ʲôطҸȥεѰҰ
漴ĽСĵķҶѾķ£ϾҪʼǿ߲ʸȥ룬ҴӲʼ»ֻеĿԣԼССʦĳ̶ȿ»Ҫȥôࡣ


235 
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ԪϵϿпʼһֳԲƵʿʼޱȵɢΧĿռжѾʼչӵΪԪֵŨ֮ɵġ
ƶдޱȵĿʼֱһĳȥĳ֮ΧԪҲʼľۼֱӵ˳ķʼγǧɫ˿߿ʼޱȵĳ濪ʼ˹ȥ
ҶѧԺĺɽԴ˫ŵ¼֮ҲѾ˵ĺ˵ˣҳЩǿ֮⣬ʱҲҪСϾҲǰȫ֮أ޳ȺҲǲΪ˵ˣ˵ѧԺаȵĶȹԪޱȵĳ棡
һҶ˵ȴ㲻ʲôϾʵϱϻȫĿС
˴֮ӵֳԪĳ档
ڻˡĵڶ֮ҶѾȲҪˣȻ˵ԼõġȴеĹֶα㲻ֵˣ෴ҶӵеĹ
õ֮ĹаһֵıǽεԼ֮ﵽЧ
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ǡΪǿһֶֽΣ⵱Ȼ˵õĹжԵġ
֮ǽԼ֮ޱȵĳһ㣬ѸٵƿֵķֱӵĽԷ˲顣
һֿµֶΣϾ˹еʱһʹõĻԷǲҲΪ֮Ĵ˶ܾõģĹиӵĿ벻Ч
ȴһһص㣬Ǳ֮ҪĵʵǹȵǿЩϾһ˵ɲһܹõģһޱĶҶڵĳ̶ҲĿԴﵽεĻᡣ
ҲҪϢһ£ǶҶ˵ȴѾ㹻ˣҲԼһŶŵľˡ
ĹֶΣȫĲʺҶȥΪ漰Ķ̫ķӣǲķѸʮǼʮʱʲôҶţȴҲȥù
ҪȴǡΪصһֹ
νǽһֵ֮֮뵽޵ĿռУȻűϵĿƣ̶ĴﵽЧ
Ҳ˵൱ĵڶȻ籾ϵǿȴҲԼʵΪؼһ˵ǶĻǽһﵽЧǳġ
˵ﵽ̶֮߳Լӵоλ֮֮Ҷ첻ɵõһжȻҲԿóеļֵǺεȵĿֲ
ǿޱȵĶֵĻֻҪȥԼȻ뿪ȥԿĻҵİȫҲ𵽺̶ܴϵıõġ
Ҷ૵ĵ
˵ʱҶȴٴε¶һĨЦ֮ɫ˵Щ߲εǿ֮⣬˸Ķ֮δ漰ҶΪãڵĽӴ֮Ļȵ漰֮ʱ»кܳһ·Ҫߵġ
ķǴĹֱ̼Ǵﵽ˷ָĳ̶ȣղҶķѵѾսһĳ̶ȣĻϵĶޱȾ޴ġ
΢΢һ֮ҶٴεĴڤóһöҩʳȥ΢΢ı˫ĿԼȥһӵʱֲ֮ĺâҲ漴ĻȻļ˳ȥ
û뵽ֵ֮󣬾ȻҵøӵĳԼ仹һĨǿҵĲ²Ҳȷģ֮֮ԵһϵҽĻ½ʦҲʲôġ
˵ҶٴεĽڲԺ鲻ϵתһĿھ·ǽޱȵĳһ㣬ҶҪıǽ̶ȸƽˡ
ӿʼΪֹҶ춼δĽôεʵ֮ҶҲо⹦ϵ⣬ƺΪԼѾƫĹһС
֮ͷţٲȻѹ֮֮ȻϵʵȴһһķʽѣȴЩɻʶĶһ൱Ѱ
֮Ҷ¸û˿ڸǣʱ֮Ѿ·ϵĽһ㣬ĹӴĳ̶ȣȫΪҶ׻֮ееλµġ
ƬҲҶ֮Ϊ֮λñҶڵüʶУ֮һֲĳϵţʱķµĹâ
׻֮飡
׻֮ڵĵطԭҶкϵ໥̲ڵõˡ֮Ҷ֪֮֮ȻϵʵϷһĻﵽЧǺСģûǿʵΪ֧ŵĻ˴ﵽ֮෴Ч
Լʶпٳƪ֮Ȼ׻֮Ҳ˽ȥ
Ϊʲôһֱδıأ
Ҷпʼٴε˼⣬˫ָӵǿʼĽӡӡĿƷ
еָͻȻһƬֲϵ֮·ǹľ˿ʼ̨һ㣬ޱȵĿʼ仯
֮ϵҶ˫лע뵽˿Ҷһޱȵֲ
͡
Ժз·Ƿһֲޱȵ˺һ˺ѵ֮ҶȻ
Ȼ˫ĿѸٵĶǰֲ
٪޲ݣȫһֲ۵ֲ˵ؼⲻһֲ档
Ҷ૵ĵеһ˿ȴʼԽİüͷݺݵʼƽˮеĸо·һ㣬ϵؿʼץסеһĨ⣬ҶиоֻҪԼץסһ˿оһжȫĽ⿪ģԼҪȴǿסһ˿ⲻʧ
ֲֲȵȣֲ
Ҷ˫Ŀзµĺâȫĳȥϵĸ漴ĽֲС
ǵģֲ걾޵ģ֮εǿ󣬵ȴҲεģҵĲΣκεһ޶ѽĴ˵ҼŬǧٱܽģӵĻҪƺǵĽ֮ǸһеĵطҲƷ
뵽֮Ҷ𽥵һĨĵЦݣԺеĸƺҲʼ𽥵ӭж


236 ɣ
ֲ֮Ҷ漴¶һĨ֮ɫ֮ѸٵĽֲ˿С
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еĽӡûһĲӰ֮һʢķ·һͼ˰УΧȻĳܿʼĲ
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һ֮󣬵ʵѸٵĳˡ
ǰԼһģһĴڣҶϲɵ¶һĨãȻɫǰһʵЩλЩ
ǰҶһģһģòϻװ϶ޱߵһµģڶԷ˫Ŀȴû˿⣬ͬһһ㣬˿ûκε˵ںڰеĻ˸޷оԷĴڡ
ǰһֽޱȵϵҲʹ˵ĳҶУ·ǶԷԼһ㣬ֻҪԼһͷԷȫĿԽԼƿء
͸֮ϵ֮ҶҲڶԷȻϿʵڲȫ֮ɵڶԷĲλУһɫֲİڶţʱƿʼ𽥵ή
ѵ˵ֲһȫĻ˿ή״̬֮󣬶Է˵ʧ𣿡
Ҷ¶һĨյɫ˵ֱǵڶԼڵĳ̶˵ĻҲٻѡ
ʱϻƵĻʵĻҶ൱Ƶġ
еһĨˬ֮ҶٴεĿʼ˷ϾǶԼ˵һĺôĴڰ
ȣ
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ѵõ飬ҶǽһֺȻҶʵ飬ǰĸ㹦ҲѰ˳
ȵһ֮ɵķҲԽΪ֮ɵģ˵ûһó̶ĻֻҪûʱϵƣǲԷĵֿΧ֮⣬ǲģ
֮һֺεǿĹܡ
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漴ɢΧȴĳ֮󣬶ʱҶԺоȻֳ龰
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237 ɱּɱ
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ռһ͵ĳֿʼĲΧĵʱҡβѣٵƺǲеΣһ㣬׷׵Χʼɿʧ

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ǿֲıХУɫ֮ѾĹһĵرԽԽǿΧһжʼøӵĲıҲ˿ʼԳ˵磬ޱȵķ
ȡ
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Ұף·ǱˮĻһ㣬ԵޱȵӣʱѾʼ׵ľȻĽë໢вɵðԿЦ
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ǾʱһĻȴ˳

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ǹǿѹë໢˫ĿʼȻ¶һ˿ӵɫ
ǰһλɫ۵֮ɫĶ̬·һλڵеԨħһ㣬ޱߵɱ¾ͱϢñǲʱԵøӵ
ѩɫļһɫĳۣȥߴ壬һֻѩɫĳĵĴŹǷǰֻë໢ȻǱʾѹüɫʮֽ۷˸ޱȵĹâ
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ҶĬĬƸӵǻһһ㣬ָޱȵĺһ𣬶ֵݺݵسŶԷ˹ȥ

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УһֱֲӵĻһֲĵ漴ֱӵ˶Էϡ
͡
תתֱӺѹĽԷķֱӵƿ
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԰ӣԴȻʱ򶼿ʼ޷ת޷ǰһУΪʿƷ۷̶ȵֻǲһԴﵽǾޱȵʦزˣ˵ӵеĿԣһɱʦǿҲ˵Ŀ¡
ǰޱȵ꣬нס¶˾ȵɫǸ޷жǰһһ
Լ֣Ҷ¶һĨɫһεĽȷʵ൱⣬ϾһɱкܴһԭΪԷݺݵشһ£˶Է֮󣬶ʱĿʼԺԼҲὫԷɱˡ
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ӣոյҪ˵û뵽ҶͷҲصı뿪ˡ


238 컵Ĵ
ӣˣҶȻ˵ûʲôУȴԵĳƲǺøУֻǲ̲ѣھ֮ҶҲȻǲȥٹˡ
ӣݺݵҧԼӣ¶һĨɫ첻ȥ˵ǽȴڿʼǿеվ
ӣСԼƣǿеʹԼδȫƿصĽ֮ʱѾȫĴﵽ˼޵ĳ̶ˣʹϺϵĸʹѾĵΧ
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ƺеİӣδ˵ķǲŽʼǿеվǽϵֲֿޱȵľʹٴεĴ˵Դ˲ĸоһתнڵĻһ֮ٴεǰ浹ȥ
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ӣдһֺйߺζ׳һԺݺݵŤ˹ȥٲȻСƺѾԼķʽڳҶͷԼԹ
СŮ鷳
Ҷε˵˵˫ȻĳŶԷĽתٵĽ˫ְ˶Է䣬ܵ˶ԷǽǰޱȻĴУҶвɵ΢΢ʧ񣬵ȴǿٵĽԷȻ㽫Էǿеı

ҶͻĶΪŮԵİӣȻʼļ϶˵¶˾ʧ̬
Ȼ˵ӣŶʮ꣬һֱӶǲɫЦģѧԺҲһֱںԼļǾסһ𣬼Щ׷Ҳ˭йʲôܵĽӴ
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Ҳ㱳ҵģſңſҡҶåҷſ
ķȭҶı󣬶Ҷ챾˵ʹƺһεģΪؼĻһ㣬ӣڵĳ̶˵Ļƺ޷ʹˣӵĲ˵Ҷ塣
˵ĳֻҶΪķƣʱһֺֻݺݵŶԷηɿ£
ʵ㣬㲻Ҫˣ޵ľۼ֮أҪĻҲаɲҪˣشԵ˵ֻĳЩϲҲӵϲģ˵ħȮٺ٣Ȼ˾˵滹ΪӽΪħԳǺ߰ЩħԳһŮ˵Ļڵ˲ڻȷҪ𣿡
Щ֮󣬰ӣȻĸоһĶģ˸۵ĻԵĻıģ˵ЩĵԼ϶ӣֱһ¶ÿ¡
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˵ӣٴεıһֱӣǹһˣδκεйκεܽӴӵĲҪ˵Ǳ˱ˣǰһﲻǿеıԼһĴԼƨɣ
ȭٴεĳҶ쵭˵
ԣҪֻһطĴ򰡣Ҫչһ±ĵطⰴĦտɱʵǿˡ
Ҷ΢΢۾˵
޷йеİӣ仰֮󣬶ʱŭһķڣԼѾĺ֣ʱŷԼȻڸǰһ
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Ȼ˵Ҳ൱ۣӣֱһ㣬СʱΪֵķƺѾҧƤˡ
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ðɡȻѾһˣҲȥΰ
˵ӣûзӦʱҶƱѾ˶Է棬ò˵ָĺܺãҶڸĵطǡûǶԷȹѾĵط˵ĽӴˣܵ˶Էϵǰ㻬ޱȵĴԼʮļҶ컹ְֵĸо
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ӣҪʱ򣬵Сȴ̲סļǸоҶָȻԼĹС
еĵشʱӣĽݺݵһ֮󣬾Ȼʹ˵ɿСϵ˺ҧ
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ҶεֹǱİӣȴû˿ķӦŤԴһȴֶԷӣƺմŵѪΡ
ˣС椲Ϊƹȵֿʼڵʼ˰ɡ
Ҷ켱æԼĬĬذ˶Է棬漴ٵĴ߶ܿɫȴ΢΢һ䣺
ķˣֻǸһƨɶѣ㣿
ҶεĿЦȴûз֣ԼָƺֻǸ˶Էƨɣƺǹ֮ضˣȻĸطŮ˵ޱصģҶһĻȷʵѾӣѹƵٴεı˳Ҳ˵뵽˳˯״̬
ɵĻҪȫһ£ȻſԴﵽָĳ̶ȵģڿĻҲϽĻԷƻļصġ
Ѿȫ뵽˻״̬İӣҶȻķ֣ԼƺѾҵһ鷳һ൱鷳
ðɣҵùڿûҪȥñ˸Ѿˡ
˵ҶıϻȻſĿʼɭֵ˽ȥ
ҲҶ뿪֮һҲɿĳҶղĵطȥڿϵһ߱ɱ֮Ľë໢˵ɫʼԽ


239 νѨ
㡭
СľʱѾ˿ˣΪƸոյĻָԵʣСϲ԰׵ˡ
λʦװӲϵë໢ѰʲôϵıҲʼԽ࣬˵˫ĿҲʼϵؽš
ʦʲô𣿡
ȵ÷⼸λʦ쳣˲ʵһеҲæԼһʼڼλʦصѲš
ȿȿȡ
һλ⼸˵ĵʦĸһԼ°ǵĺ֮Щɵ˵
ֻҲˣȫһɱģΪؼһ㣬ë໢ǱתģǼȻ˵ĻӣӦûģҲأѾ˸ˡ
˾ˣ
¶һĨ;ϲɫ漴æ˵
Ҳ˵ڴѾȥˣ
λʦǿĵ˵ͷ
ǻȥ˰ɡ

Ҷǽһ۰ԭǰڳһ⣬Լǰİӣ˶һֻޱȵ״̬У΢΢Ĳ޲˵ڵھڲʹĥ
ʱȻ˵һصɽУ˵ǰȫޱȵģټСףԼİֲǰصһ֪ľڱϣʵֹͷζ
ҶȴʱˣȻҶ첻ԸȶԷȫΪһС⡣
ϹŻһžǱѨνѨע棬ȻϵѨλϲϵصĳ̣ﵽͨЧ
ڵİӣϵľǳֳ˸ή;״̬ˣҪԷľȫĽĻֻѨķˣһȴ൱ѵģѨķҶȻʦӵѧϰȴδ˵ҪƣҪıǽԷľÿһĵط׼ˡ
̹ԣҲ̫Ѫ˵ɡ
Ҷ¶ԽɫҶͶԷľͲϤӵ̸˽ˣ˼Լ˶ԷΣҲΪȲѲǣ
ȴҪԼԷȹȫĽ⿪һµĻҶ춼ÿ¡

һӰӣСд˳ԷĽѾ·ǻһɫһ㣬ϵԼǰŤǽϵĸ̬ʵޱȣǶԷѩɫĶͷʳĺˮȴ޲˵ŶԷסʹǺεȵĿ¡
õģƴˣ
ҶȻľ˵⵹ΪҪô˵ĲĻһɫȴܻԼĳ棬˭뿴顣
ĽԷĽ̽ԼƣּһƬ岻ɵҶһ¡
ʱƺѾﻢҲʱɲĺâӶԷлˡ

ҶָݺݵضݺݵһڿˮҶڨڨЦ
㡭˰
ҶָڿԼĽѾҪ⿪£ӣûٴειȥǿҵʹȴĽԽĲ
Ҫʲô
ӣԽΪϵʹԵʣ˵һǿҵ̬ҶвɵóһĨ컵Ķ
ᰡҿɲҪռıˣȻ˵ǲҿɲˡ
Ҷһļᶨ̬ӣ̲סһԺÿüëȴɺݺݵضŶԷ˵
֡ģ⻹ǲ𣿡

仰ʱҶٴε״̬УǺܿȴٴε˵
ȿȿȡӵģô˵أƣӦѾ֪˰ɣȻ˵Ҳ֪㵽Ƕ˺εȵĽȻզز˵ӵ˵Ļȴ˿ʼЩʹ˲ٰɣڵľѾǲҪ˵˰ɣһƵ⡣
ƺΪϵǰֵʹѾʼӵ˸صĵطʱüѾҪյһˡ
û뵽ԷʱȻжһݶʵҶ챾ЩޱȣжǿŮҲ˲Сľ塣
ҵƣ
ӣвɵ¶˾ȵɫǺܿȴý䱸ǿеٴνԼĽϵȹһ¡
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ҶʱֿЦõĸоȴ˵
Ϊһҩޡ
ӣеľʱѾҪڸˣ
һλҩޣ
˵ĽٴεıǿеİȻϵһεĿʼҶĸԼ°͵˵
˵Ҫʱ̸ЩĻʵǺģǰԼֵʱ򣬱ϾƣȥĻҿû˿İܹκõģҲܹȻ㣬Ϊ˵ûпܱסˣڣǻҪ𣿡
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֮İӣϴʱѾʼþһ˵ʵǵڶǶӣ֮һĴڡ
˵ҪΪ룬ȻҶŵķľˣȻĳ̶˵Ļƺ൱ݵʱ佫ȫİɡ
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ӣԵĵһЩǽ䱸ȴδʧ
ô˵أΪҵʵδﵽշĳ̶ȣҲʩչű죬Ҫľ棬ҪǸޱȵĿ̬
ӣĽ΢΢һ֮ȴоԼľʱѾڿʼòй֮һľпʼײлŵѵĺۼ
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ŰӣһĻֵ̬̿Ҷ첻ɵЩ
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ǿ˶Էһŭ̬֮ҶĻȴȻѡ˱죬ȴޱȵĸ̾ԷȻûѹֻ˵Ļֵ̿ıֳ
ȿȿȡ˵˰ֻڰѣºʲôĻɲҪԹҡ
һ֮󣬰ӣһֳ嶯ҪǰһһƵ
ģ쵰ŪúûҪһ㡣
һԹ֮ʱ˵
Ѱɣ㣡
̬һҪƵ֮ˣ
ҲҶʡȥ˲С鷳ʵӣȴδϵǿޱȵĵӡ
һİǰ㡭ӣʼ糺졭


240 дɫ
ĽԷϵشУǻдһĨζʵҶ컿ʼɱ
ǶԷɢ֮ʵıԵĴҩҪأʵ֤Ҷ켸ǿҪסˡ
ָӴ˶Է˲䣬˵岻ĿʼĲһ£ӣȻҶ࣬ȴһֱδԽӴǰص˼޵ĸо·һֻڲϵԼһ㣬ʵʼЩ޷ĸо

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ԲаĴҶڵĽԷϵĵ⿪ˣССһƬȴҶ˶оԼһƬ¯İΧУڵĸоȫĲǴ⿪ʼڶ
ŶԷǴƵĽգֻʱĶԷüѾʼĸ˳ѩɫĲӣҿһ֮󣬶ʱĶԷһѾ˰ڰڵ״̬УһµѪҲԵøɼ
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Ҷ۾˵ʼĽ˶Է˫ϣ˵һȽеĵطǴȱŮΪصĵطĻ԰κεһǵӿȥġ
ڵȴѾ˲òеʱˣŽԼư˶ԷĽ֮漴ٴλؿʼ¡
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ͲܲȥǸط𣿡
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˵ҶȻһ𣬶ϴޱεɫΪָڲѾ˶ԷСУڵҵ˶ԷۣŶԷûзӦҶֱӵĽ

ڵĸ㶨ˡ
ҶϵؽӴӣϣһĸоʱĿʼ˰ӣĽ棬ʱǿеļֵĻǰԵĶĿڶԷ档
ˣ۾ˡ
Ҷε˵

˺һԷӰĻشǵȵҶ˫Ŀһ˲䣬ǰѾ˿ʼоԼĺޱļ
һԱرһƬۺɫΧظΧţȴ޷ڸסµⶼ©ְڰڵӸˡ
ƽ̹СһƬѩɫС㣬Ȼ˵СƽκεһŮϵʱԷӳʵ
ҶǰĿһλɫŮ


241 Ҷϵ
˳ƽ̹Сޱȵ԰Ҷ첻ȥȴЩ޿κεȥ
ѩɫСһļʵĸ˴һ޷С㱾֮ܹİסҲˣ˵ʱҶѾ㹻Ŀ˶Է߰˳ˡ
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ӣʱѾһƬ첼̬ǽŭһ˵ŶԷڵǺεȵĸӡ

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һ֮󣬶ʱΧԪѸٵĿʼŰӣĽϿʼΧ·Ǽˮһ㣬ΧԪȻĳŶԷǿе
һΰӣĻѾǺǿˣϾҶѨɲǽԷƸƺãǻὫԷȫһ飬ЧĺôȻҲǿ֪ģԷԺ㹻һʱдﵽһǧĳ̶ȡ
ҾԺ͸ǿ˵ԭҪǿĶ࣬ӣȻǿνĺܡ

һöȫĲ뵽˶Է֮漴ӣľҲȫ˳ˣǶԷĽȴʱĲʵһֻСèһ㣬ȱУһɶֹĴӶԷϳˡ
ӣȻΪҶͶԷϵڽ޷ƵĴﵽеһޱȵͷţһҶǰӣ޷뵽ġ˶δķ֣ӣĽ棬һԱͫˡ


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Ҷһ֮ɫĶǰĴɫӣڻһִ͵״̬һޱȵĽ»Եѩ
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С׵൱ѵĿȥҶΪʲôôı仯ڿСǱŵǼֻޣӣҲûа취ȥҶۡС椡⡣
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һֱһţûһɢأʲôˣ
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243 
ĽеĿݸСһֻ֮ҶϿʼ
޵Ľᾧ𣿡
ӣĵ˵ͷ
ǵģ޵ĽᾧһαǴɱһЩΪֵģû뵽ȴط޵ĳѨ̽Ž֮ȴ޾ȻһֻոյĲºĸޣ˵ŻɼһЩ񾧵뷨ȴûϵǣǻڳ˯е޷ˣ˲ŻѡܣǺڰϱǽë໢ֲ͵Ϯ˵ء
Ҷ˽ĵ˵ͷԺȴʼֳ޵ļء
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ȴһϿеˣϻķ涼ԵüĶء
ޱϲɱΪǵʮֵ˳ҲʳޣϲʳһЩųµҩΪԼʳûЩҩĻǱѡֲĹʵѪҺȴϲǺȥԡ
Ҳ޳Ϊеһڵ
Ȼ˵ʮֵ˳ȴҲϲ裬ƢٺõҲзŭһյģ˵̶µһĳ̶ֳ¼ŭĻıһֶصı仯ֱ仯֮Ϊ䡣
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˵Ҷκε˶ҪʵֻеԼΪ˶ǿ֮˲ſԴﵽЧ
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Ȼ˵Ļͬˡ
ɫĳƺҲ⣬йŮĶһɽУʵһĪϢ
ǸƸոյĻָȥϢɣš
ҶȻǲѡͶԷһģԼڿ˶Է֮ҶǸоӣƺǳһֵֹֹ
˵ҶҲԷشѾƮȻ˳ȥ
Ĳϵ֬ӣϲɵ¶һĨ㯵ɫǿҶеȴһּᶨıӰ֮ƺЩ
뵽ԼȻһİģһʱϲɵһĨΣĸԼգ¶ȣӣһεʧˡ
ʲôذӣǱԷ˺ܶ࣬˸ǲܵġ
˵ӣϺѾȥµƺһĨԹĿһ۶֮ӣҲʹ˵ĺ·˯ȥƺĪİġ


244 񾧵֣
ȷԼԣ
ҶǸоЩûаգ⵹ΪԼûģƾĹأͱϻȫĿڵ൱ĳԵÿõҲܶѣȻǿ󣬵ȴûܹƵĳ̶ȡ
ǰӣȴһԷʵҲʿƷ۷̶ȣûǿ似ҲûжٵķֶΣƾǰӵĽǺԷȥӦһֻޡ
İɣҪңԼķʽġ
Ҷ쵭˵
Ǻʧˣ񾧶òǹҵĻǰװ׵ľ𣿡
Ҷǳʵ˵
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Ҷ֮ⷬ󣬰ӣɵΪ֮һᣬǺܿȴɽ˵
֮ҪСĵ㣬ǵǺķ˺ܴŽ뵽еģе¶ҲķǹҲΪӣ˵ŻԵǱġ
Ҷ˵ͷ漴ԼĿ⳯ɽ˹ȥ
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оһĨɢѹ֮Ҷ¶һ˿ȣȻڿʼʱѾѾʼħһĨ²ˣǵĸоѹһĨѪ̲֮סľ̾
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ڼ仹һĽ߳ȻӣѾԷ׷ˣҴŭĻԷѾˡ
ٳɵҶɿĶ뵽ɽС
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ɽһֿµϢ漴ðо֮󣬡תʼ
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ɽģСҶĽų̾ȻĶӵʱ֮󣬲ͣЪһƬֲĳɫâǰ
ֻǰ棬һֲޱȵĺĵסȥ·ǲϵðпԿóһԵĲǰ衣
Ĵӻóһö˾ĳУҶɿĽ˽ȥ֮ⳤпʼƯʼǻûǰʮ׵·ȴȻʧУٲȻеĿ¶Ѿⳤȫˡ
¶ʵҶΪ֮಻ѡ
ͻȻʱҶ˫Ŀ΢΢üеʮֽѸٵķһĵĹâһâĳ֮ΧһѸٵľ۵ף޵ȴһֱûбҶҵ
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˫ĿʱͫѾΪϸ΢â״
Լǹһʱ֮Ҷųһε˵
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ԭҶղŲ²һԷȷʵǽԼзŵǰĺУĶȵάߵЧ¶ԽߣԽڳɳ˵бŵ˻Ҳǲܾʹ˵ġ
֮ͨĹ۲֮Ҷ췢ֻھس˯Уе̬ǰеʨӹ࣬ǿɰӻǺʲôа뷨
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Ȼֻǵڶεʹ˵һεľ֮ҶڻѾˣϵɿת֮󣬶ʱΧԪȻķ
ԼһģһҶĵ˵ͷٵ˺УΪ֮Եʣ˵¶Ȼޱǿ󣬿ȴ޷Ӱ쵽ҶǰֻಿλһƬҶȴڿʼԱѰʱѸ͵ٶȿʼήš
Ŀֻ֮һĨָܣѸٵת;ۼγһĽ
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ȻƿһָߣҶǰѾʼԽԽɿĴӶԷнӹʮĵηɫ⻪ѪҺҶ쿪ʼɢ˿УȻһӴ֮ЩҺ㿪ʼɿγʮĿűʯһ̬֮
ɫĹη·һſŵıʯһˣңңĿȥȥˣҶɿĽװһƿ֮󣬱ɿĳȥ


245 ǣ
⣬ռ
һɫ治ϵػΪ浶һ㲻ϵڳһλķŮصĽš
һֻ޴ޱȵޣ߰׵ĸ߶ȱŮһ߶ĳ̶ʵԵЩӴĺܣԷȻӴޱȣȴû˿Ļζ෴ǶԷǿֲ֫·ĵɫһ㣬ٶ֮ʵĳ˵
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Űӣｿ߳һ֮һ漴˵Ĳ漴ⲨȻýһ֮ΧԪ·Ǳһڶɵһ㣬ѸٵѭŲƿʼת
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ΧĻϵؿʼð
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ͻѸٵײһ𣬶һɺɫУһĨ˿޷ڸǵ͸©˳ԷʵȻǰĻҪǿĺܡ
ӣҲΪ֮һĹ似Ѱ˿õģǼˣʩչʱٵҲ˸оߣȴһʩչһм̵ʱߵĸоȻޱȵ΢
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֮ӣ漴¶һĨĵɫȴ̲סľҪг
Сġ֡

ֲķʼĳ棬Եøӵɼ
ɫĳɪɪƮţĦ
ƮƮҶǲǿʱӣǰȴԵޱȵĸߴұֱӵγ˾ʮȵֵȭͷݺݵսұһֻצץ棬Ǿ޴Ͽֲľϵȴ޷ǰȥޱ塣
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˵ҶȴȻ뵽ʲôһ㣬ɿĴԼǰͳһö׹ѩɫǳǰ
ö֮ޱøӵĵ嶼ѾѣȻǶһöɫǵ൱ĵӡ
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ӣܿж˳һеı仯ǺҶеһöɫйϵ
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ǲޣҶĽָ̽˶ԷϣȫûȥԷߺ̬ĸ˼֮Ҳʼ𲽵С
Ʋأֻ΢΢𵴶ѣҿǶԷҲǴֲ²ʹõģûһ㹻˵ġ
ӣݺݵ˶Էһ֮ߺߵ˵
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ҶӻͳһöҩֱӵӣδӦ˲СȻĵݸĸƿ˵
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ⵤҩ֮һůĸо漴ð˳ƾȻٵĻָҪ˵ʱҶüͷȴ΢΢һ壬󵭵˵
ļˣˡ
˵Ҷٴεһ۶Է嵭˵
˵ɶѾϳˡȫĲİ
˵ѸٵĶ뿪

ӣδӦȻ뵽˶Է֮ͻȻķӦ˹һѵıסԼأѾʧıӰŭĺ
Ҷ졭쵰


246 ߵĻ
ٺ١
Ҷõ˵
ʵȻǲھӣԼǧ׵ĵطһȺڳ߸Щ˱Ҷ֮൱ֻ֮ʲôˣ
ŰȫһԭҶ첢δԶֻǲȵһþ澲￴ţֱ˵ĳ֮ҶŻʧ
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ҶıʱҲ൱ķḻǿסԼٲ˺۵壬ɽʱĻһĺ⣺
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ҶֱΪһ۲һƣԷĳƺһû˵ҪǱϵĿȥֲʵȴ޴󰭣Ȼ˰ٲңԴֱӵĴһȦͷҲΪˣѹһеݡ
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˵ʱ׵ǽһư֮ƺܴݳ̶ΪԷһŮˣǱԼҲǴôĳ̶ȣȴ˸ѹסˣһֱΪ԰Կ
˸һûɵұԷֱӵĸŵˣһٵѹԵŹ򣿡
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ģԷ˵ˣҲˣ˵Ҳת㣬ٲȥĻԵģʱܲҵġҶԷʵǱһӵ۹ȴģϾԷҲ˶٣û뵽ѧԺеĵʦʵ治һǿҵĹ˵ĻŮӦдʦƷĳ̶ȡ
仰֮Ҷüͷ΢΢һ壬ʦĳ̶Ȼ£ǶԷȴǿ£һʮĴʦǿߣһǸŮˣǶԷǿʱǱһǿ֧ܹʵ¡
һֶҶϲȥǵġ
ڴʦǿߣҶ컹˲СѹȻ˵ķ㹻ʦǿߵĽɱԼսʦǿ߲δʧܣʵǵĺͶԷսĻҶҲҪȥСĵãһóԿķ
ѧԺĵʦǿ߲һҶѧԺУӵԽѧϸǳ˵Ĳ²ġ
ģǶԷĿγˣȥȥ
Ҷ¶һ˫㯵ŶԷĲ˵
׼ȥС
ߣʵǸߣ
һĴָҶ˵


247 һϵ
ϵ̫ĵһ⻺ؿʼ˴ϵʱٵѧԱȴѾʼˡ
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ԭ˵һҶ컹ľûȥȡϹεĿγ̣֮ΪҶߣϹΣȫΪҶʵӵģ似ǡתǳ˿ǿڡ
ɲţ似γϣԷܹԼԼ似ǿĴڣҶҲΪļһԵʣҲȥȥһνϹΣԷǺεȵǿ
ҲҶڶԷһ̽ưɡ
ʱҶڳѧԺĲȥ
ѧԺռ൱ĴڳҪѧԺ˽һεĻҪķѵʱҲһµĳ̶ˣҶﻹûеһµʱ䣬ټڵǸ·գҪҵݵҲ˲ٵʱ䡣
һ޴ĽҶ̲סĵһʼʱȻѾ˵˲ݵ൱ľ޴󣬵ȴδ뵽ôĴ󣬶վڽǰʱǿҲ൱ǿҡ
ΧĲѧԱҲ˵߽޴ĲݣڿҶ֮ϲɵ΢΢һȻǱҶȣڿҶǰʶʱȴ档
ͼѧԱȻǳ֮ηëûг뾹ȻҲٺ١
һλǰ߼ѧԱʶԼĻһĳ֮ɫ˵
Сɣ˵ڵѧǿ൱ǿģ֪һҶĵͼѧԱȻ㽫˫ŵһλˣٺ٣˼ҲҲһλǿأ
еһλͬ鼱æ˵ȴǴһƲ̬
Ҷ΢΢תȥû뵽ǶԷǴһĨмɫʼ˵ǸЦֹ˵
˰ɣһֻǱ˵ҿɲ֪ѧԺлˣߺ˫ŶŸɣҲΪǵ˫δһֱѣֵĻЩһǻ˵ķ˵Щ鶼ֻҥѡ
˰ɣ߰ɣѾԽ˵Խˣ֪Ļ֪ᷢʲôء
ߣҲСӻڵأʲôɰ
˵ӿҶڿʱ򣬲ɵ¶һĨŭĺȻһ鲻ǺˬҶһͼѧԺʵȥƺҲߣ˿ʼǽⷢ
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λ鼱æסһû뵽ǶԷȴʼҶ
Ŀʲô
һֱǵűȻΪһֱԹ˵ʼҶ۸Ż˵ķ
ʱΧѾۼ˲ٵˣԷƺǸ߼ѧԱҶǵͼѧԱ׼Ҷ첻Ҷ֣ûʵ֣˿ʼĽ
˵˰ɣ𣿺һͼѧԱаʲô
һĻ鲻ɵÿЦǶҶҲ
˵㻹ϽߣѵҴ𣿡
Ҷüͷٴε壬û뵽ȻѧԺлһձ˵赽ͷϣղҶ֮ûзӦȫΪԼ˼Էϣǿ˰ȴ֣ԼǲʶԷҲ˵ԼƦӼĴˡ
ֲ֪һֱǷ蹷һ۸˾ǰȥҧˣҶǰ˲١
Ҷ컹ڿԼһӵΧ۵˵лвٵŮѧԱʵĿʼԽ
㿴TMDؼҿȥ
꣡
Ҷ˫ĿʱѾгһĨâеŭһӿʼĳŶԷ˹
㻹Ҫҹ𣿡
һԽԽˣǺ޲Ҷ쿪ʼ֣ΧĲٸ߼ѧԱȴоһļµζҶɢ˳
˵˰ɣûң𣿡
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Ϊļһĺȵ
ÿҽһҪѵһСӣȻңСӣ㿴ʲôTMDҪѵһ㣬֪ǰҪ𾴵ӣ
ݡ
ȻһͻȻĴΧĿռдǰҶ쾹ȻƾյʧӰˣһ˿δĳֱ֣Ӷʧˡ
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ʱ̲סĿʼΪǰ׳գҶıԼˡ
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ĻʱҲѾĲԾ˴ֹ
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
ǰŻһĽԷĵֱӴˡ
ꡭ
һѪ֮󣬶ʱһֱӵı˳ȥ

ͬ鱻ֱӴ֮󣬼׷׵ĿʼҲʼԽż漴ɿ߹ȥ
ȿȿȡ
һ󼱴ٵĿ̲֮סٴһѪһѪȴǴŵ⡣
ɫѾѪɫǲҰ׵ʵԵޱȵĿֲ
ΡΡԼָָҶдޱԹķŭ
㡭㾹Ȼҵĵ
һ֮󣬶ʱΧѧԱз·Ȼһ㣬е΢΢һʧ֮󣬿ٵĿʼ¶˱鲻һı仯
е˸оҶ쵱޵ĸǻ˸оһԲϱ㽫һзϵʵԵЩЩ
ȴȥǰѯһ䣬ΪҶǿѾȫڳˣвٵϤȻ֪ԷʵȻ˵ȷʵǲ˴ȴҲһ׵ʵ˵һִԵĹǿĺܣȻֻƷ۷ĳ̶ȣȴѾʼʿʼͻҲԴﵽʿĳ̶ȡ
Ͷʮһ˵Ҳһˡ
ǿķȴǱһɱˣҶʵٴεĳΪ۵Ľ㣡
Ȼ˵ҶǲԣҲҵģֵ߲ĻҲվߵġ
οǣҶʺʵ˵ǿ󣬼ֱǿпȶԺѧԺʮֵĳ̶ˣ˲ɵӣǿҶǱ
ϵ㣿ߣǿϵãղҵʵ͵ȵĻǲǻñأ
˵ҶҲѾöһǿʲôˣҪȥʱѾûȥʲôˡ
˸ļҲǰ
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ʱһŭͻȻĴһԴ˳


248 ˮ
ҶȻֳһ˿ֲɱ⣬һδεı˸谭ҪһЩ൱ѵġ
תȥֻһλװŮӴʱѾǰȻûжٵĹ֮ɫǹصĴһֱΪʹϧ̬
û뵽ԷǸŮӣҶΪ⡣
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ڿŮ֮˲ɵÿʼŮҶȻ˵ô⣬ǴΧǲϽ㹻ĿԿĳǶŮ˲İ
ԼҶ֡ƣ
˵֮Ҷ΢΢üͷ˼ԷϢ˰ȴֻǸоԼżİٲȴûжٵӡüͷ˵
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ĶҶ죬âУһ۾Եͻͷ·һڶԼһ㣬Ҷ
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һһŨĹǻʵҶЩȴû˿ѹϾԷǺҶʲôѹʿƷĳ̶ȣ˶ѣ
˭
ҶʵЩоЦԷһѧԱȻ˵һ߼ѧԱȴҲ̵̫ЩԴ˵㣬ЩƺҲֲԷܰɡ
ƣӦ˵֣ҵˡ
ҶԺȻһڻ˶ԷϢҲ¶һĨŹֵɫ˵ĻȻ㲻ѧԱʮŮ֮һӰȴҲС
ƣ
ҶѧԺѧϰĸ߼ѧԱʵʿƷƷȡ޽ΪѧԺ㲻ǺãҲΪ׵ˣʱȴҲֻһﵽʿƷ̶ȵĴڣò˵ѧԺҲֻܴһʱˡ
ûжٵĳ֮أѧԺҲŶԷģǶԷȴܹƾ̶ȵΪѧԺлķˮȫΪıһʦĸס
ãѧԺеĵʦ֮һΪʦƷΣѧԺеĵʦҲǲϲµʵ
ǶѧԺѧԱ˵ĻȴԵ൱ǿĴڡ
㱳Ӱ֮£Ȼ൱ĽˣԼ׵ţȻ㲻ǻֻҪǵˣǾԵĻܵù˵öԼŮ൱ϲϲһ˷ָĵزֻҪ˭ԼŮܿıᱻޱȵıһΣö֮Ҳϰ˶Էص㣬Ҷⱨ֮ˣҲղġ
Ҳһ棬˵ΪԷϲٻ˵Ļǿ»ĳʵ϶Է֮ԻȫΪıԡ
ˮƺǲŮˣƲǶʮ꣬ǺϹȴѾֻǶٸĳ̶ˡ
ƸľͻȥˣֻҪϵ˻ϱӲģľһŮɫǡ
ƵòȻ㲻ȴҲƵǴôЩɫģϾڲٵ˵һѩ׷ĴʵвСȻ
Ҿ˵Ů˽ľƷκεһֻҪԹһָ֮оԵĻζҴŮ˫ޱȣ֮˱ȣ˵Ļȷʵһֺǲѡ
ҴŮ˵Ǻһε˻ֻһҪǰԵȴĶϲԼйϵˣһֱڷŵмˡ
ߴһˣȻ˵ԸޱȵıŰĳЩȴԵǿҲ˵Ů˻δ湻κεһˣǿ̶ܴҲǽΪϵġ
˴ԵĹɽУЧʵǿĺܣһȴҶһзϵˣεĲŭ
ҶĬ֮Ƶ϶ʱҲ¶˵ޱȵɫһ޳ҲʹҶߣͷ޵ĺ촽ò˵޳ȣҲвС
˵εĲأͻȻı˸ղŵǰԵ෴ǣһ۾ϾȻ˸̰ζ
ҶȻ㣬ûһǧҲа˰ˣƵεȵĶܿ㿴Ҷڸǵǰǿޱȵǿ塣
һ԰׻ĴȲϵҶǰڶ˲ٵǵȻȿصҲǲٵġ
˵ı֮Ƶʵ¶һĨЦݡ
Ҷһ仰ȴŻ˲ѿ
ߣ㣿˰ɡ
˵ҶѾȻƿ˶ԷֱӵĳԶȥŮˣԷˮɢϢŻɧʵҶܡ
ߣСӣڵģ
ˮҲģҶΪѾǳԹԼΧôˡ
һ֮ɫĿƣǺȴЦ
ߣҸطԼȥɡ
˵ѾʼϵؿҶıӰ¶̰ޱȵζ
ߣҿϵˣǿҲøҹԹԵ
˵֮Ҳһۣҡҷ˫ȷɿ뿪
Ҷ뿪ӰԹıҲʼԽ
ǿеƿΧĲݺݵشӻͳ˼öҩѪһȥϸޱȿŵ¶ޱ֮ɫ
ǺܿȴĵĳѧԺĳȥ
ϲϲϲĵٴεĳΪѧԺеĽ㡣
ҶһߵĿǰһǺݺݵس鴤ݺݵ˰ٲһۺ޺޵˵
磬˵ɣϢ׬˶Ǯ
ٺ٣ĵܰҲԵһ¶㿴ѧԺ𱬵֮һˣƸǷϣٺ٣ҿСǶȤ
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ٲָԼǰʶЦ˵
Է֪ģΪ磬岻ݴǵΣǿٻְȻ˱˲Ұ
Уر㡣
Ҷݺݵر˸ָ˵


249 ˡ
˵İ㻹ҪСһĺãѧԺпѾвٵļһҪ㶯ˡ
ٲϢһֱ൱׼ȷͼʱ˶ĻҶһֱĻɣֻȴ¶˺֮ɫ˵
֪ʲô𣿡
ٲ΢΢üͷ˵
ֻǲ˫൱İʵȴˣȻʲôҶѧԺôʱˣҷѧԺлźܶǻûд̽Ķ㻹СĵĺãǸһȻ˵ۣҲѾ̽˶ԷϢˣһѧԺһλʦĵӣλʦΪ֣ߺߣ֮϶èģƽ֣ǺõĲ˰СϢ˵ǶԷںһ¥ŮһҹĲ߶δĳϹ
Ҷĵ˵ͷ
˼ǣԷܻܿԼǸϵԸң
ٲ΢΢İ˰֣һҧһǵ˵
һ֣Ҫ鷳Ƶ鲢ǴţǶԷһޱȵĵˮ˵ϲˣҪ飬ǱǴ㳯ˣ˵ֻһŮ˵ĻҲҪ˵ĴµģֱӵĽѵһپͺˣȴһһϵĵʦȫԺ֪顣
ߣͷиϵ˲𰡣һ˽ӣһǶ棬Ȼǰĺܰ
˵
ģ˵Ŀɲ֣ҪֵĻԲ˳ΪΣƵϵȴֵܿܶú֮ĹϵѾڶ̽˳
ٲЦ˵
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ɶ
ҶһԻĿʱԲ̬ľǼһ㡣
𼤶𼤶¿ȥǹŹ֣ʵҲмѭģҶѧԺǰǺܺõģǸټһѧԺǻֻּ۶ӵģһƷ˼޵ɫжֻһεıѧԺΪһһ̶ҲлŮ͵ģȻԵȥѧԺѧԱ˼Ҳǿ汾²ǣ˼ΪʦЩЩȴҲûгִ©ѧԺԴҲһֻ۱һֻ۹ˣҲˣһȷʵǿ󡣡
ٲֿʼYYҶʱЩ
ص㣬ص㡣
ٲ˼˵
صһԸŮ˰

Ҷʱıһһµûš
еĹϵǱȽϸӵģҲĲǺܶ࣬ҿȷÿ϶ֵģʱ򰡣ɵСĵ㡣
ŮŮˣһ֮֮ǧﰡһҲƷλ
Ҷ쳰Ц
ƺǾӹȥˣѾͳѧԺΣѧԺĵʦλƿҲûйʴ£Ȼĳ̶ֳѾѹʵȴˣһЩϢͨǶйؼѾʼоһɷϢ

Ҷ֪˻˵ķԼˣ֮ǰεҲʵҶһ
ֻǰֲһ޴ͨ˳֮ͨһ޴һĿռҶǰ
ռֳ߲֮ɫڿռĹڲϵƮţǷͬɫЩɫһҲڵ߲֮ɫ
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Ҷʱһŭ¥ϴ˳
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İɣ´һԵġ
ˣղҿ൱ѾһһõˣκΰҪȥȡеϢĻҪȴµʱſԵģ鱻ȡϢ֮ô˵ҲȥĹעſԵģȴɡ
˵ϵ֮ɫҲʼԵԽ
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󲿷ֵĶһЩϵ֪ʶһ鼮ڿĽζĻ˼ǲָָ㣬ȴҲ˵Ļһ
ҶǿĴ˵Щ鼮ǳΪ˼һĴڣûжٵãȻҶ쿴Щζ
ŶĹҶһҪǰȥ
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âºܿҶȫǱɨһһ㣬ֱɨ˶ԷǰʶһĨɫĹâȫʧǰԭӦ¥ݵʱȴһƬǿһĿռ䡣
⡭ʲôȫĺ͸ղŵĿռȻĲͬϢĲһˣ⵽ô£
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ԷԶʱҲһƺû뵽ͼѧԱȻôİҪ˵ʱͻȻһűƿˣһ޳֮һλŮش˳һϵıƺ൱ĿģڿҶ֮Էϲɵһ
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250 諶
֮ҶҲ¶һ˿ȣҲûıش
㰡
ŶԷĽԼѩɫ񾱣һʱҶǰƺٴεĸֳǸȫѩףطԲ޳˽Լϵ龰
ǵģǰӣ֮⣬ֻ˭ء
Ȼ˵ڿ˶Էĳ֣˫Ŀ΢΢¶ЩĻȣǺܿҶ˫ĿҲʹ˻ָƽ޲״̬
ǰû뵽㾹ȻҲﰡ
ӣһضҶ죬ͼпʲôȻһеһжͽͣҶ̬ʵԵЩƽĹˣǼԼҲ񿴴·˼һƽĺܡ
в¶ʧԹ֮ɫǰӣǽԼеһ˿ϵĲѹҶ˵
Ǹ߼ѧԱܹĵطߣ޷
ҶſһԶļλصѧԱΪЩʧҶʧ֮ɫ֮󣬰ӣ΢΢ЦЦ˵
ǣҿԵģϾǰҲǳеģǽЩ߼ѧԱĻԵЩƽģһǿ߿ٵĿռ䣬Ȼȥ󣬵ʵڲǺܴģЩеĹΪ飬λ֮ʿķʱżλҶѧԺĿ߽ԼһѧŸעУڼĻռһЩǿĹ似ʹ൱ļ򵥣ֻҪ㽫ЩܹץסĻϢעԺ
ƺ˵Щˣӣ΢΢ֽϵһƳӵ˶ߣһĨԵޱȸ߹һĨ̬Ҷһ۾һĶԼһĺΣ̲סĽ
㵽û
Ҷһηɿʧǿ¶Ц˵

Ҷ˵仰ʱʵһĨգԸ̾ԷʵЩǿĺˣԭӣ˵Ҷ۾ҲʼڶԷϹ۲ţӣȻڸղ׽ȥʱķ˲ٵּǿдζʵԵЩ޷ȥס
ҶԴĻţӣȴһĪϲá
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Щ鲢ʱ޿̲ڷģһʹһ֮ڵһգ֮ǻ˵ʧռУȥµʱ֮ſԼĳֹ֣ǧ˵еϺõĹ似Ҳʤġ
˵һƵʵҶ̲סԼıӣڸסеĶңʵ
һһ㲻ףѧԱǺܶģһҶȥĻ鲻Ǻܿı㱻ϴһ𣿡
ӣĶҶ죬Щ㱣Ȼٴε뵽һҹľҲʱ¶ĺΣҶ֮΢΢ЦЦһĨڸǵ̬˵
㰡Ϊľôױ׽ס𣿿ɲҪСЩֻвƴС飬ҲǿԵģʵǿĻ޷׽ǣڿУӵݺҪ㶨ĻǺѺѵġ
Ҷ˵
ҲΪʲôһ᲻ܽԭɡ
ҶΪƵ֮󣬰ӣ̲ס¶һĨЦ⣬Цݷ·һʢõһ㣬ʵȻĺܡ
ԷЦ֮Ҷ첻ɵðԸоԼһѾѹȥĻٴε
ʮ
ݺݵرһԼ֮Ҷε˵
Ҷһȵţӣɵ¶һĨߣ漴ı㽫һöγâһɫʯݸҶ˵
ǰһǵͼѧԱʱҲ˵ģ˵ҰԼļλöʯöʯ֮ҲԺ͸߼ѧԱһеģŵ͸ɡ
ҶһϲȴЩ
ĶҲҪһ㻹أ
ӣü΢΢ҧסԼ촽˵
ΪҵĶ㲻ԸҪأǿң
ԷԴŭӣҶȻ֪Լһƺͻ˼ˣڨڨЦЦ֮ҲھܾԷˡ
ҶԼʯӣһʱѾгһԺÿȻкǿĵĽ
˻ڽʱһҲʹ˵ıˣһλͦòԵ൱ӢĴ˳
ϾޱȣͦдһְߵϢϢȻΪþλ֮ӵеģ˵ҲȻǳˡ
ڿλ֮ŵĸ߼ѧԱ׷׵ĳλ¶˹ޱȵ̬λȻʮ㣬ȴ˵кһĻش˳֮󣬱Χȥܿı㿴˰ӣˣϲɵ¶˿ĵɫڿһԵҶ֮ɫȴ΢΢ĳ
ӣôҲҴкأôʱ䶼δˣһһԷأ
˵Ѿ֮䣬ҺȻĲ嵽˵Ķм䣡
ԭԼ˰Լȥˡ
Ȼ˵ӣҲһĨ˵ĸоǴУҶȴߺϤӣɲȥݡ
ᣬֻżѡ
ӣһɿĽ͵ȴûзⷬͣ˵ȴ¶һĨŭ⣬ŭȴ԰ӣҶģӣûз֣ҶȴѾ൱ˡ
аԵЩЦҶ췢֣Լƺһεı˸סˡ
ҵ˼ȥæԼģʵԼȥҲˣʯҲˡ
ҲǸ߼ѧԱȻ֪ʯָʲôû뵽ӣȻԼʯˣӵжʱĿʼԽĲǴȻһڸļһοԼϲŮǰ΢΢ԼƶҶ˵
ҽ諶λѧǡ
ݵʱ͵諶Ȼ֪һģпʼһ˿ѹƵζڼЩͼѧԱҲ諶ʲô
諶ƣҶüͷ΢΢һ˫ʱ΢΢ﵭ˵
˫ŵ˵ڱչУԭѳ˰
諶΢΢¶һĨ죬Ȼû뵽Ҷ쾹ȻԼ֮󲻵δ¶˿ĵ֮ɫ෴Եޱȵĵʵ諶ھпʼ΢΢üͷ
˫ݣҪ˵һССĵͼѧԱˣЩ߼ѧԱмܹ治ɫĲǶԷһݣǿҶѧԺʮ֮һ
諶߰ɣȴȥ
ӣ諶ֱӵ˵


251 ˵ı仯
뿪ıӰ諶ĳǸô񣬵ȴҲʼɫѿڰӣӵһۼʱѾϲ˶ԷԼͰӣһᣬˮ¥̨ȵµĵ˽Լڰӣ˽ıѰ˻Ҫࡣ
ֹһε׷ӣǺȻľǲǿ⣬ӣȻ˵һֱûĻӦԼȫΪ˹˼ԼãҲԼϹȥǶ諶Ը񣬼ʧҲǰģҲΪԸԲŻᵼµ˽յΪ
һѿ֮ɫ諶΢΢˸ʧԭ
Ǹʵ֮ûжٵĹϵġֻżȻˡ
ӣһԺÿüë˵
˵仰֮ȴޱȵ糺죬ȻҲһ仰Ƕô˵Ĺϵƺǻûдﵽһ໥͵ĳ̶ȡ
ŶҿĳǸһϲģʵĺܲģһ˲Ų˵һõ˫ŵ
ߡ
ӣԽԽζˣҶⷬвһŭҲûı˵
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˵ӣһѾʼĶŶԷ̬ѵһСϱ¶ĸʨһŭ⡣
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ӣˣҶȻ˵֪ʲôԭ򣬵ȴЦ˵
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ӣȻĿʼƺЩԽҲľֱӵĶҶ˵˵ʱһȴѾʼɿļȥҡҷе˲ϵ͹еˡ
ʲô
Ҷ컹Щͷ
Ѿ˲ٵʱˣ˵ҶҲȥ²⣬ó˶ԷԼâʯȻǳĽ˽С
ҶıӰӣϲɵԽһĨϼƺѾʼѩɫĲ˹ȥ
ԼǷ̵ӣٴκݺݵض˶Ѹٵ뿪뿪˲䣬ȴûз֣һĴӰð˳ɫʮѿޱȡ
Ҷĳ֣еѧԱǸûȥһ㣬ֻڲϵߺԾš
Щɫ¶˷֮ɫļһȻѾõԼҪģǸȴһɥȻǰӣ˵һҪõĻ൱ѡ
ϸϸĹ۲Χ飬Ҷ췢֣ĻƸûκεĹɿ˵£ٶȿĺܣҪõҪıǿʵѸ͵ٶȡ
˵ʦĻ»õϢܶġ
Ҷ첻ɵЩ̾漴ȴٴε¶˼ᶨɫ
Ҷ찡Ҷ죬ԼʦεĲܹɳΪǿ߰ҪǲϵǿֻӲܹԼʦٵĻָһֱųȥĻ˵̶ˣǴʦҲѴﵽġ
뵽Щ֮ҶǸ㸺ӰҲ˵һɨ⡣
ЩʵǶʤˣҶٶȼ߲ļӳֵĻǿ϶ԼоԵİտԽ㶨ģһԼȥ㶨˵Ļ֮£ȴһĪ⣬Щʵ̫ˣԼڵĹת͸似ԵĲЩеĲεģһɸѡķѵʱʵ̫˵ˡ
ˡ֮
ҶԺȻֳһʣŵЦݻĳϡ
ŵûǸͼѧԱȻҪأ
ʱһгĴҶĶߣ֮Ҷϲɵ¶˾㵵ɫ˳ȥ֮ŷ֣ԼȻڲ֪ĳΪص۲ˡ
˵һλźɫװ꣬ӵ¶һĨɫһöڻʧȻѾеϢյˡ
Ǻǣ٣㻹˼ǵͼѧԱܹҪ֪ٵʧֵʱ򰡣ôһҵʲôö
λͬǸ߼ѧԱ곯ɫװӹЦ
֮ɫȻѾϰˣϵǰ̬ȴɵûжٵļ٣һЦ
ߣҲûж٣ֻǵõһ
ԽԽĬˣ˭֪صĹǧ֮࣬ҼǵͼĹ似ҲĶԵģٵⲿҲǷͬһɡ
λӼ
˵Ǳӵеģ֪ЩڷԼٵлǱЩ΢ЦһĨε˵
ðɣðɣǵˣⲿΪ½ǿĺܣһ֮󣬼Щʿĳ̶ȶ㹻ʹãʹĽѰʦǿߵҪ
ٵ˵˵ʱȴ¶˾Ľɫ

һۣĴʵĸı䣡
绹ǽǽһֵͼĳ̶ȳŸ߼̶ϵתʹúƿȴֻһֵȼϲſʼγɣʦ
ֻдﵽʦĳ̶֮⡮Żɡĳ̶ȡ
ʦЩѧԱ˵ǱȽңԶģѧԺЩʮԼһЩ͵ĸ֮⣬ٻܹﵽʦĳ̶ȵġ
ʿĳ̶ȴʹóҲǼ˿ģ⡶½ԿǱȽϳ˵似ˡ
˭ҲῴǸ֮Ϊٵȴ¶һĨƵɫԭ⡶½ȷʵõһȴֻһ룬һĽ²ֻǼһôļ򵥣ܶһϵĻ˵ԼĿҲ൱ġ
ߣСӣȻ֪һεܹõʸģҪõ飬㻹ء
ٲмĶԶҶ죬Цֹ˵
ǰһǲ֪һССĵͼѧԱ㲻֪ߵغ񡣡
˷׷׵ĿʼϵķŶԷ˭ҲûпʱǽűشˣһӢһ۵ĽУһ˫۾ضҶ죬Ҳ֪Щʲô
˲Ǳ諶
Ҷû˵ǽԼ֮ʼɢ˫Ŀ΢΢ıպУ֮˲üĿʼΪѸٵĻ˿ߣ·֩˿һе
нӴ֮û˿ߵеĲͬҲ׷׵ĿʼݵҶüֱӵĸӦ˶ԷС
ʱһöŹϢȴ൱صĲҶУȻĶ
ͻ
𡭡
·ĺҶϱŷ˳Ȼ󣬵ڳѧԱɶߣεĸоǿϢ
žôأ
ٵ˵°ͶҪõˣԶ諶˫Ŀгһ˿ߣ


252 ҲӦΣ
ÿ׷˶кܶ࣬Ҷĳȴס˴ҵĿ⣬ǿֲƣ˿δڸǵϢԼѸޱȵٶȣһеһж˴ҵ󣬶ٵʱŷ֣ԼղŵǷǶôķ̰
ÿ졭ÿٶȰ
諶ǿޱȵֶΣȴҲס¶˾ȵ⣬ϵĿʼĦţ˾ĵ
ҶָѸٵĴö㣬Ҳʱȴð˵ɫâŹâĳ֮һĨ·ǵһҶ嶼ʼ΢΢һ
ʲô
ȫûϵ龹ȻôĹأһöû˿ӾȻҲ֪εȥ˵ľҶ΢ʧ˲䣬öٵĴָˡ
Ȼǲ𣿡
ٵ˫ĿĶҶ죬вϵ˼ţ˵Ҷһλʵ΢֮ˣǸղŵĿƱ޷ȥˣ˵ҶʵܸߵĻ޷Է˵ġ
ҶȴԷ򿪣ȻҶʵҲˣڰʧȥ֧֣˵òǿġ
뵽Щ֮ٵһĨ㯵̬ȴʼұԽ˱ˣűԼǿĴ֮󣬱㹻ıֳ΢̬һֶԷԼĻ㽾ļһ㹻ӡ
̶ֻ𣿲ԣ
諶ϱ鲻ϱ仯ţ˽ӣĸԣȻ˵ԷԲʵ˵ŮӣǶЩҲԲ㿴صġ
Ҷ΢΢ԼıӣϸϸĻζŸղŵһĨɫʱŷֶԷһ˿ȻܹԼ֮Ĳ⵹Ǻ£һѪ֮˼Ѫһޱȵĸо˲˲ʱ̣һöһ˿˿ɫѾҶ˸ɾ
е涼ģǿǿĺܰҵ֮Ȼ˲˲٣ЧˡҪķѴԼµʱſԲɼġ
߰ɣ߰ɣһ͵װǿѡ
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ٴεĶ
ٵһֻ棬һɫĲӰϵ˸Ҷߵ鲻֪ж٣Ҷȴû˿⣬ֻǲϵǰУ岻ϵתĿֻиղŵһö顣
һöȻǱҪĶ࣬ԽǶرԽҶпʼ˸ǿҵĺС
׷𣬲ϵ׷
ҶٶȲȫķſǾʮ֮ȴѾļҳԵʮĳ̶ˣٶȻڼӿ죬ƾһٶȵļӳֱѾڳ󲿷ֵˣһʱڿҶ񶼿ʼ˱仯
ǿߡԶǱĿĴڣ
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ҶȻ¶һĨЦ⣬еľѸٴ߶У۲ƵĻһ㣬еľγ˿ߡ
ϵ֣ǵʱȴѾûκηĿܣѸٵıҶһץУҲǳʮʱѡ
һȴֻ˿ɿĳеٶȺͱ仯ǺεȵĿֲҶеһöϢҲʼ׷
ٵɫһѿı仯ϾҶ죬ҶٶȱѾԶԿˣɫһĺ仯֮ĺһ֮󣬿ٵ뿪
˫Ŀ΢΢Ҷıϳ˸Էڵı飬ҶдʱȴѾȫľһ㿪ʼӿ嶼ʼЩҿҶ춨ˣڳ˵ûκε쳣ֻס飬ȻʧȻеϢѾȫսȥҶҲûдĸоǾȵҶɿĳȥ
ȵҶ뿪֮ҿʼ׷׵
ǼһǵͼѧԱҿٶȶʿĳ̶˰ɡ
УǾԵĲһλͼѧԱĸ߼ѧԱеĵ˵˵ͼѧԱıʶΪͼĿж٣
ݣ˵ĺһ֪ԷϢôˣѵ˵Ͳ̶ȵʵ𣿡
Щ˵諶û˿ȤҪǸҶ죡
˶δķ֣Ҷеʧ֮ȫĻ˵ҶбһɵˣΪﱾ߲֮ɫİΧټⱻɵʱʮشҸǲע⵽һ仯ġ
Ҷȴ֪һöѾȫʧˣҲƺλ߲ȥԵʡ
һ·ҶȻûжٵı仯һ˫۾ȴ˸˷ܵɫһεջʵջ˲٣ҶҪ뿪Ǿʱ򣬾Ҷ쾭һƽ̹ĽֵʱһĮдޱȸ߰ȴش˳
㡭ͣһ£
Ҷԣһ漴ƲԴһ֮пʼЦ
ߣĻĿ찡
˼ҶѾȫת˹
諶ɫޱ䣬Ҳ˼ǧһ֮ϲʱ˸һָһȵ̬˫ֱ棬Ȼ˵
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ⷬȻƽȣǰޱȵ֮ȴڸǲסй¶˳
Ҷ˫Ŀ΢΢𣬰ָĸԼıӣԺвɵ˸һҹľ
Ȼ˵ҶͰӣȥԼͱ˴֮йϵʵ϶չһ໥ĲȥϣȴҲѾӡ
˶諶·ץһʣҶʵЩˬﵭ˵
йϵ𣿡
ž
˫Ȼ΢ıΧĿʼѹֵЩ΢΢Ĳ諶˫ĿеŭѾʼޱȼ
Сӣӣ֮ŮȥմȾģȻ˵ʵҲڵͼѧԱУڸ߼ѧԱ㲻ʲôðȵȹȥǵ˲Ҫȥǡ
ҶЩģȴ˿ӵ˵
Ŷ˼˿˵ûʸȥͰӣӴԣ˵ʸˣ
諶м˵
Ȼڵĳ̶ȷʵҿȴ㲻ʲôֻҪҲѧԺлȥҲһ仰飬˵ΪԼİȫ⣬һξ㣬룬ӣԶ㣡
Ҷ˫ۻһȻĿͦεӣϵ֮ɫѾ˿ڸǵı˳
ð諶ǲӦΣ


253 䣡
âУ諶˫ĿʼЩͱŰҶ˵
㲻Ӧ
Ҷ첻м˵
ߣȻðȻ˵˵Ľӽ
諶¶˼ı飬Ҷڿᵽö֣òȥ˼ЩʲôܿһҪϢԺС
ԼûñѾӵԼ˫еĸϢΪ˫ŵУѾܳʱûȥӴ֮ˣû뵽һһȴ˸֪ԼеһλȴѾ˸ϵˣ³ܲҡ
Ϊ˫ŵȻ൱أеԵɣҶڵĻش֮諶ɫʱֳһĨɱ⣺
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Ҷ¶һĨ֮ɫ뵽˶Է֮ȴȻԷܹ²⵽ԼݸӵĿˡ
˫ŵô뵽ҡ
ꡭ
諶µļʯȻı˹״
ܺãұҪģû뵽㾹ȻԼˡ
Ҷһ£ϵɢ˳û˿ԥĶŶԷɲΪԼɱ԰Щʮˡ
ܹΪʮֵĳԱ֮һЩ˱ųһȵʵص㣬Ҷ첻Ҵ⣬ҶҲδκεһǰ
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Ƽݺݵؽеıˤ˸飬ԴӱССѧԱǹʹ֮ûùȻ˵飬Ҷûȥ׷ʵ˼ΪѧԺһλ֮һƼô˵ҲͷȻΪԼΪǺǿ󣬵ȴҲѧԺĸ߲㰡߲㱻ССѧԱˣˣһΪ԰ĻƼԿ
ΧһľսĿŻƼԼùͷҲʱǿȴȻ
ײļﲻĴ
ĸ쵰ѧԺж֣
Ƽ̲סĴȵ
ѧԺжʵҲ㲻ʲôȻҲָǿʲôطˣǹ϶ֵĻûʮɣǽҲðһδֵġ
ڰĻʦǺ͸λ߲Ųȥأ෴ѧԱ֮൱ܹģϾǵʵҲһֲѡ
ŻƼŭȥӣʱ˷׷׵ĿʼѣȻȴǶֵˣȻһλƼԵûóϺúõȥһ⶯֮
ӰӲϵڿмײȻķֿǺܿӰȴٴεļĲӰǸ߿У͸似Ѿӵ˼¡
΢΢ķֿ˲䣬ӰԼ治ʮ׵ľ֮ʱٴεŶԷ˹ȥǱղŵǰֲޱȵٶȻҪ»ҪѸ͡
ʯһӰڵײһ
һУ˫͸Լ˫ʹõ似Ŀڷ·ǻɽ緢һ㿪ʼϿԼȻð˳
䡭
·һ˲쳹˰ҶѧԺ
Ҷ諶໥ķֿȵɫ˫޷ڸǵð˳
һﲻѧԺʮ֮һٶȻһһĲ࣬ȴҲˣҶԷĹоȻһ˿˿ľֱӵĴҵϾȻ˵ʹУǿĴ͸ѵ˵һĹŽԵĹɣ
ǱҶ죬ΪȵӦû諶ˣǵģҶûжȫкγأֻǼδȫҲѾʹõ߰˳ɵĵزˣȴûи㶨һͼѧԱҲŭʼȼյĸʢ
ɵǸ㲻һˣĳأ
ҶаԵ뵽˵諶ܹжĻ»ᱻƵѪģҶ쾹ȻֻǶ˲һʵˡ
ߣܺãʵȷʵǳҵ󣬲ò˵ǳòԩΪԼʵ㹻ѧԺкаԵɾʹˡ
һ˵̵ĸоӶԷϷ˳ʱ諶ɺ԰ΪҶȻǿȻʺܺãȴԲԼĶ֣ɱ⻹ǴӶԷ˳뵽ӣҶ֮ǵľжʻֱʧˡ
һһᶯҵǿ֮һСӣĵĻôˣֻҪ㲻ȥ㲻ǵˣһǻ㰲ȵѧԺжȹġ
ôǿײȻ˲ٵˣʱҷ׷׵վԶפ㣬ΧľɲЩ˿ȥǵġ
諶Ȼʮ֮һʵǿĺܰ
һλҲǸ߼ѧԱ¶˳֮ɫ˵
ǰһǺܺ氡ǸС˭ҿûоȻǵͼѧԱݰҲ̫˰ɣľȻʮֽаˡ
·ҺǳԾ˵Ļŷ֣˶еҶǰһöʶۡ
һأ찡ˣҼˣǸ˫ŸһƷļһ˵أһôô죬һ諶רŵԼ˫ֻعˡ
˵Ȼİû뵽˫žȻ˰
ƨĹߣ߼ѧԱһոԺĵͼѧԱʲôֵÿ޵𣿡
ͻȻһмĽ˳漴ĳеһϵΧMMɨţӲǰٲֻ˭Ȼͻˡ
һͼѧԺ˵Ķײղ˵Ǹ߼ѧԱɫʱıѿǾҪʱҶ諶ȴٴεĶ
Էֻõǿסеŭ⿪ʼһսĦ
ĵʵȻǿĺܰٺ٣ݰ
ս˵ȻսѾսȼ
ǼһﲻʮֵݰֶҲʵѵãȻһ֣ȫһĶ󡣡
׵ʵǱȽǿģ˿˼֮󣬱㿴Ҷͼ˶ϸϸĹĦеս͸ԼʽĴ䣬սʿΪ˵Ϊġ
УѾٴεľһȭ֮ķֿˣ諶ѾɱеʱͻȻʱҶɫݺݵһ䣬ʱѾˣһɾ޴ݺݵشҶı
ҶķǿĺܣһȫǱ˸͵Ϯģٶ̫󲿷ֵע諶ϣ˵ǷҲӦˡ

Ǿ㵵УҶ챻ݺݵش˳ȥһڲѪҲǿе˳


254 ɵ֣
ʵǳֵ̫ˣڵ˸ĻδӦӵ̸ȥֹˣֻǸоԼǰһ֮漴Ҷ㱻Ĵ˳ȥ
ӥǶĿüĿʼһɲʮְ̺۷·һŶԷ沿ıϵĶţһɫĳۼԵ壬˸һζ
˱ǳ֮ˣڿһĳ֮󣬰ٲȴȵķӦ˹
֣
׵˵˫Ŀ͵δֱӵĲĳ˹ȥ
Ҳݡĸ׵ģ쵰
еĳȻĻӰĳŶԷΧ˹ȥ
ʱ諶ɫҲ൱ѿϾԼ˫ŵڵȴԼںҶսһڸ͵Ϯ
ʱٵڿ諶Ѿʼѿ
ߡ磬Ǳȥ
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ҶĶͷ˲㱻ˮϵı飬ʱŤ
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һĨռдţȴƺ¶˾һ㣬̼ĿռָԭƽȴִһѹޱȵϢȻҶκεı仯˾ԵĻڵһʱȥġ
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ӵǿҲʱĻᱻ˸һµģϴӶƿ鿪
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ǻ˳ɹˣ൱ĳɹֻҪ˳ɹȻĺ߱Ĳο㷽鵽Լϡ
ҶȻ˵׵ǿеĻˣ׵еĿֲ˵ķɢǿֲĳ֮Ҷ˵Ƥڱзǿٵ
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ϵļ͹һǻȫĿʼ任
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صٴε˿ʼ¶˾㵺ĲռȻķ˺Ѱ죬صҲʹ˵ȫʧˡ
Ŀʼָƽ״̬صʧ֮Ҷıȴð˾Ÿ޴Դ
ޱȵľʧһʱ֮ٴεĳˣʮֻɺɫҶϲϵؿţƺ¶һĨζ
Ҳڹ۲һ֮󣬰ſռһĲǼʧС
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ԴԴϵϵشԼ֫ٺпʼ߻뵽˵ÿһε߶㹻ĸоϵĹޱȵȻϵĸطˬޱȵζʵҶһѣͶУˮһĸоҶ첻ɵĿʼԸ̾һ׼ǿЧ
׼˽ģȴû뵽ǣԼȻҲһΡ
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ҶЦָ΢΢ĵУһĨɫĵâʼ΢΢ƿ˸Ȼһβ׸ˣҲԼжһ˿׵
ҲҶ칮̵ʱʱҲʼԽԽӽѧԺĵһڴա


259 ս죡
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֣ϲϵ¶Ц̬ȻϿȥǱȽƽģʵϣ֣Ҳʼý
СӲǲ˰ɣ쵰
˵ɫԽĽԴʼʼǾûмҶ죬һʱǵȻǿġ
Ҳݣ˷ҵʱͻְģǵʱôĿأôͷڹˡ
ǰҿٻأǿ²ŴյĻ֣Ȼ˵û뵽һʤȴû뵽Ǵ˵ثְ
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ͱ˪໥Ķһ֮󣬷ĴӶԷп˶֣ĲмЦ
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ǼٵĦĿʼǿɺɫĹâҲ漴ʼڱŷгҶ׷˹

ҶĬĬ΢Уֱӵ½˵ϣֱӶݵصʮ֮µĳ̶ȡ
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УֲľʮµҶ춼оеĿ̶ֲȣ
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һϲҪˣûʼͳˣȻǸҪ϶
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仰֮һԵʱһ£ٲ仰ֱǽԼҲˣŪúԼĲȥһ㡣
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ݵ֮һﾹȻֶΣ
̲סֹҲ̲ס¶ĽɫȻޱʵõ似ʵ˺


260 Ѫħ湦
Ѫӡ
֣ûκεĳɣֱӵ˳ҶݵصĵطǺݺݵڿշ𣬶˫ֻΪȭ˫еָʳָ׷׵סĴָ¶ֻ¶Ĵָϵһһǹصƣϡ䡯һ˹ȥ
ֻ¶Ĵֱָӵıôֳĳ̶ȣеļ˸ֱӵĲ嵽˵ϡ
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ղſֲʮ̶ȵıʱѾ׵ĿʼйҶոյڸ˵£ȴδ뵽һŰĺ֮ޱǿֱӵĴ˵棬ҺɵѰҵԼڵĵط
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Ҷ췴Ӧ˲ʱ̣Ϸ·ըҩһ㣬ĽϿʼըһĵƤ¶ĵرĳΪѸ͵Ħɵʼ漤䡣
Сӣ㵹ϷԵĻҲһȫʬġ
ಡ
ҶȻڶԷڵ΢Ц˲䣬Ĵ˳߲ȻķУָһĽֱӵĹעָ档
͡
˺ѵĻʹ˵쳹ҶһڶԷһţ漴ͬ飬һ̵֮Ķݵ뿪׵ľϲðԼԴ
Ӳ塣
ŶԷǰϸ΢ѪҶвɵðԵĸ̾ԼĽȻֻǴҴҵĳ֣ȴδ뵽ֻǽһһƤѣδ漰ҲҶпʼԽľ
һȻĲǰЩͼޣǼʦǿڶսУһʵҲ൱ĿµģٱǷ֮ĹͽҪǿһЩһ似ǹذ
һʱĽǲ֮ĶԿ˵ĶѸͳ̶ȺͷӦٶԼжϺͶϵƿԼϵѾȫ˵ǰչһ顣
һôôǿ󣿡
¶޷ľ֮ɫ˵̬зǴһֺǹŹֵζƷŭƿġƿЦѾʼ
ǰһĺǿġ
ӣ˫ۻУǰһҲ˿ʼø˶ͦԴ˲ٵҲ׷׵ĸʿˮȴ޿κΡ
Űӣһ¶һĨʣвɵòһĪĸо
Сӡ㲻ϲ˰ɣԵĲܵģͽӣôϲأ
ǻ˵˵еǰغĸоȴʼԽŨһ˵ĸоǼˣȴһֲڵζС
Ȼڶʱ֮ڵĶ뿪Ѱҵ˶Էı֮ؿʼ֣֮һɱȻδ˵ĳ̶ȣȴҲöռˣһĳֺ˼Լֱ
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׵˵ϿʼԽһֶԼֵܹˣĵЦݡ
˵ıҶ֣Ĳȥ֪ٴεĻع鵽˶ӵĳ̶ȣŵϢԽŨ
оԼʼߵԽѸԼǴȫʢʱ֮ҶҲû˶ٵĵǣԼѾﵽʦƷĳ̶ȣʱȵĻԼԵĿԴﵽ۷ĵزǸʱԼʦĳ̶Ҳڶʱѡ
ĸһԼǰһ۵Ŀӣָݺݵ˺ѳһƬƤ⣬Ѫϵʳ
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ܺãܺðСӣû뵽ʵĻְ
Ҷ컹δ˵֣ȴĻһתɭɭ˵
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ϹԿ
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ΪѧԺĵʦ֣ѧԺвܴȴΪԼڷţ˭˵˵ĶԼҶȴȻԷһһϼһһһϹĳƺʵĿʼķβʼըˡ
ϵѾ𽥵Ȼʱ֣ѾпʼըˣҶʹ˷ϵ뷨Ҳʼޱȵļᶨ
΢΢ĻУһ˿˿ɺɫʼ֣Ϸ·ǳ˿һͷ˳ɺɫ˿ԽʢԷϵҲԽǿ
Ѫħ湦һﾹȻǡѪħ湦
˶Էϵı仯֮Զ˫ĿȴȻıŭâ
Ժвϵ˸ˡѪħ湦ĸϡ
Ѫħ湦ǧǰһλ̬ħģ֮Գ֮Ϊ̬ħȫΪ˵Ѿȫıˣһﱻ˳֮ΪѪħСһ͵ĴУǲɵǣ˵ڶԷʮʱһĴȴһǿˣûκεֱӵı㱻ˡ
ҺѪħСޱȣ˳ŻˣʮʱΪҵһħΪѪħ湦Ѫħ湦֮Ա֮ΪħȫΪʱҪķѴѪҲҪעڣҪÿձѪû޷άġ
˽⹦˺٣ǲɵȴΪݵԵʶⲿһ۾Ϳˡ
Ļ쵰Ȼô񶾵Ĺ
˫ĿԽ


261 Ǻ䣡
СӣҺúõؽɡ
ʱ֣ȫѾȫѪ˿ΧסˣѪ˿ĳ֣ǰΧٶҲڳӣ֣˵仰ʱѪ˿ѾȫΧһɲͷӣŶԷ˵ͷҲڲϵؿС
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ΧĿռޱȵѹ֮ͷٶȲǺܿ죬ȻҶҪ㿪ʱȴȻķ֣޵ĿռѸٵչɺɫѪ˿ֱӽԼ˫ŷɿס
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Ѫ˿Ѿγһʮ׳̶ȵľ޴̬ͬһħһ㣬ޱſԼͣҶ˹ȥ
˵ǰҶƺɵһ㣬ֱӾվûκεĶˡ
û뵽һտʼʱǱȽϸģȴǾ鲻ḻǵʦĸ֣֮ԵĲ档
һλ߼ѧԱ̲ס˵ʱҶڶԷѾΪʧܵһ뷨˲ҶѾȫû˸ղŵǰ˷ܵӣеֻĪǱͷҧĻҲֻһˣ
ӣпʼһȻΪֵĽ֮ӣԶӺ޺ƺǶҶĪģû˵¶ٵĵǡ
ߣСŵĻεܹͶԷս
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Ҷս֮ǸоõҶʵԵĲֻ˵ĳ̶ȵġ
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ʵʵڵͷĽҶɵ֮漴һĨ΢Ĳ֮ΧĿռĲǷԲһ׵ķΧУռ伱ٵŤޱߵıʹ˵Ĳ
һɺɫĢƻڰ

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ޱȵٴε쳹֮һɫѸٵĳı
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ڳѧԱǿʼȻҵû˿˼ĴʲôĲʲô֣һжΪ˸ƣҪıӵһʵս㹻ǻս
ܵ˱еԺ֣ɫ΢䣬弱æת־Ȼʱ򷢳ޱȵĹâ˿˿ĺɫѸٵĻУ·ǹһ㣬ƾȻͻأޱȵı˿̬
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֣дſֲζѪϢǸûиҶ˿ĴϢᣬ·겻ɢλһ㣬ֱӵҶƤǲɿ֮ľ롣
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·ǳ˷ܼһĿʼһתγһ޴ĳµ֣˲ı߷ɣһ˿ûҶκεĿģΪ˶Է˲һֹŹޱȵĸопʼˡ
һŷ·һʬϡ
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Ƿ˲һе̰ͼȵɱ¾֮Ҫȥڸǣ
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262 ֮
ˣԵĴˣ仯
¶˾ҵĳ鴤ȫΪȵʧɵĿֲ仯ϵʧصϵƶҪΧ˺һ㡣
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ոջ˪ڼı仯̲֮סĵͺȵ
ĺʧǿеı˻

һ֮ɫҲĻָƽΧƷ·һ޴һ㣬ΪĿʼһգۼѣƱٴεʧ
ǾһεʧأҲЩῴԼλԺѧԱǿʼһµ˽⡣
Сӣܺãܺð㾹Ȼܹұȵ̶ȣҵĲòԼѪԴܺã
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һôܻᷢ仯ѪʲôѪ
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Ҷͫ׾ҵһɵķɵѸٵĳŶԷбб˹ȥٴεĶݵء
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һɴֱӵҶ컹δӦ˲俪ʼɿĴԴ濪ʼ֣ŵϵĸĦȻû˿ѹ谭
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ҶŶʮꣿ̥оͿʼȴҲܹӰ쵽̶ȵĸֵģǰһȴڸˣǴˣҶʵǵǳǣ
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һֱ˵޺ʱȴ˵ϵ֮ɫ޲˵ʱ࣬Ӻ諶ĬˣΪҲҪ˵ġ
εȵǿ󣬺εȵ磡
һɫĳɪɪƮУһǹ·߷һ㣬˲ؼ仯Ϊһ𣬷죬Χ㹻Ŀ˺ѵϢ
ȫĺʱȫıüžе޲Լ۾ʼǰһУЩҶ첢õѧԱǸȫѣ޷ţһͼѧԱ
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ɣ
ͬĵһ㣬Ҷﵭ˵ٰ߽̬ȴĸˣⲢڿЦ
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ѪѪҺѪҡ𣡡
ǹѾ뵽ǰʱ֣ȴԵøɵжԼֱۣһֺεȵĲбһٶҶ춼̲סвЩӵĲҪ˵ڳˡ
䡭
δԷ壬һֹصȻĽضסˡ
Ҷɫʱһ䣬ǹϵѸٵתʼ˳ȥ
ҵرը֮ƣޱߵķɳʯУһ˱ŰϢŭ֣˻
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ֵĳ֮һ޴ӰıȻڿðһֻ۾ɺɫƬ
ĳ֣Ƹͬɺһ㣬ǡ
һõĲӰٵĴҶϷָ˳Ҷ̲ͫסԷ̫ϤˣǷѾﵽ̶֮ӵеơ
ôܣһ಻ǴʦƷ̶ȵʵεܹ뵽ĵز
Ѿݲȥ˼ˣһĨѸٵķֿǳŶԷѸٵĿʼȥ
ѹһ棬ȻڿշУ˫ָǿʼ
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ͻȻʱһȴ˳֣̲֮סһ
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ĺȵ漴Ȼ˦Ҫ֣ȥһֻɫȴֱӻʣȻİ
׵ľ޴ƲڶĴޱߵգֲƸ޷ڸǵı˳
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263 
Сң
صٴεĳֻ֣ǱղŵֵȻ͸߰˵һȴһ˿ŭ⣬Ȼû뵽Ҷ쾹Ȼҳ֡
ߡȹܺԼ˵ɡ
ĺȵʱѧԺ˷Ѹٵĳ˴ĵʦͬʱģеѧԱҲʼǿеĳ뵽˰ȫĵشǱ䳡ػźܳһ·̣еĵʦĽƻӶУѸٵĽı䳡ؿʼһĽ磬˸Ŀеı仯
Сӵ似ǲӦһʵķɣһﵽʲôȻ˵ĹأôܽԼʵĳ̶ء
һıɫɫϵطڿ˼˽֮ҶȻǿʼ˼
˵ϴܲܲҪѹҰСεܾסﰡ
ٲһĶŻ˵
ʱڱߵݺݵز˴ʱһȽСĿռУ֮ԻˣȫΪ䳡УŻȻǼæ˽Ͼ㳬ǿߵĶսÿһλ޵ʵҶ֮⣬ĿǶٴﵽʦĳ̶ˡ
˵ǸС˭
̲סָ߲Զһλɫװһɫ۵ļһ˵
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ٲ첻ǧնޣһ۱㿴˶Էݣ漴䲻뱾еĿʼ٩٩̸˵˶Էһ
͡
һâȻĴŮӵ˫Ŀм˳ֲһ㣬ĹâʵʣѸٵðٲɫ䲻ѡ
亹֪Ѿ͸ۣɫǱòҰ
֣һԵһ֡ÿµ񰡡
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ĺѸٵĳһ޴ޱȵĻӰһֻͨڵħԳŶԷһɿı֮ħԳ׳ٴ׳ֱӵĺһֻ׳ľ˵ȸߵĳ̶ȡ
û뵽ȻҲһλĳ̶ȣΪ֮Ĳ˵΢С𣿡
صĺȵԵ൱ƽƺǶͬǿиû˿ѹ֡
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ҶıΪԼķʱ䣬ϵţǷΪеĲ䷢ӳ
ߺߡ￴
ͻȻһصЦҶĲ淢˳ԱЦ֮Ҷɫʱһ䣬Ҳûǽµ߲㿪ʼչ
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ͣ
ƿֱӵĴŵȥԴͷȴǡǶԷһĨӰڻӰϣֻµ۾˸Ž֮ɫĹâֲޱȵĹâǡǡһֻ۾ġ
Ҳʹ
ڵµҶ̲סĿʼʹոյĶܵ˵µδϢһ£ǿѾֱӱƽȻƾſֲ֮о˶ԷϮ򣬵ٶʵ̫ˣڵҶ컹ûжٵķӦʱ㱻ǿеĴУ
𣡡
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Ҷŭһ֮Ѹٵƿ˵棬ѩǹ·һһŰпʼҶ϶Ϊһ
ͻɻֻأ
Ѫ˺ֳ֣ǹǿеʹóɻǹΪµһɻֻأ
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˵ָ֣Ȼһǽеһֱֻ۾Ĺ䣬涼Ѿֳһһ״̬Ĵֶ㹻ĺᲢۣٴһ
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ˡ
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̲סĴʱҶɺɫ˫Ŀȴû˿ֻһͷɱɱ
СӣɣɣҵһѪħڵϴɡ
꣡꣡
һ˺ѲϵĴ֣ţĹѾΧĿռȫʧȥ˿ơ
Сӡɣ
˵֣ǵЦУϽеһֻȭͷѾǿеǰƽˡ
𣿡
ھ뵽֣ʮײĳ̶֮ʱҶϷ¶˵͵⣬ϵƲʱƮѾ¶˺Ҷһ޶Цݣ
ȥ
棿ʲô
ʱŷϿհƯǸصӰҴʱһһ׳ıȻĴӿзһĳ˳ȥ
ؼ·һ˲ʱȫıðޱȰͿֲصϢ·һĴڣе޲شһ
ǲһ׳̶ȵɫͬһѸٵ֣ߣɺɫ˸ޱȵĹâƺһ㣬ֲ޷
ӣϽӣӰΪʲôΪʲô嶯˰
֣ɫʱ򶼿ʼľȻȴڷĴţϧεȥУȴһվ
ѹ
ޱǿѹ֮ļӳ֣׻֮ĿֲԴı֮
ҡģ
֣ĺУȭͷȻԶˣ˺ܾõѪħҲʹ˵ıˡ



264 ڰ
಻ıըʼչƬɫâһʼѸޱȵĳΧʱѾ޷ƵĿʼơ
һɫĳʱķúͱŰ

Ҷ૵ĵ૵ȴޱȼžĻԵޱͻأ
𡭡

ֲ֮ǿҵʼ˳
ɫĹâԼĴһ˿Ѿ糺ɺ֮ɫĺ⿪ʼڱ䳡зŰǱ֮⽫ԭޱůı䳡˲Ŀʼһ䶬һ㡣
ԽԽɫ迪ʼƮ䳡ķΧоȻ˲ķ·ʱ侲ֹһûκεϢ
䣡
ҲʱǱѾȫžĵطȴȻӿһֲޱȵ磬¡¡·ʱľһ㣬ԽԽĺʼĻۣԼһǧ׵ľӰʹϿĿХ
ꡭ
ٵҲʹ쳹ķƬʼϯ˹ȥ
پ˵ΪпһĥȻ˵Ҷ첻֪Ǿʱ֣ȴϿޱȵĿ顣
ֲѪħڱȥ֮еǿҲݺݵغҶıһ𣬶û˿ԥʹȫĽɵˡ
˵֣ڷϵԼĴ֮󣬲ȫʩչνѪħ㹻Ĵ۷̶ȵĻҶıԵĿѹԵĴﵽһ֮Ŀ£Ȼ˵ǱģǾôʱ֮ҶڵʵѾﵽʦƷĳ̶ȣȻδﵽ۷ĳ̶ȣѾԱʦƷĳ̶ȡ
Ҳǵһʹñе̶ҲޱȾ˵ģЧ£ҶȻԷӳѰ֮
ӰϵĽţеһλ񣬶һλŽɫۣ߳ͷ֮ڣԼʮҵӣľȻķ·һʬһ㡣
λ֮ˡ
ڸоΧԪѸٵķ仯֮֮ڵȻԼָݺݵطһǽ
ʳָָ֮ݺݵһ㣬ʱΧĿռγһ׵Ŀռݣ·еϢ˵ɫ䲻ѣòǿеö
ǼˣļȴɱǿеĦһǡ
ǼһѸٵʧΪޣѪУĹâ©Ĺɭɭİ׹ǡ
ߡ
ĺһ֮ѸٵĳҶȥ
ʱ֣ѾǱѸٵĴѪģ״̬嶼Ѿֻʣ˰ȶѣ֫ȥֻ
һԵҶҲǴڵĴϢѣһѵҩ׽Ƿֱӵȥ
Сģ
̲סĴȵ
ҶԣոյķӦʱİ֮ȴѾЦ
Сӣ㲻ã
˵ԷѾǿеĳҶԴϰ˹ȥǿռݶʱĳҶѹƶ
ĪǿƣµֶΣѸٵٶȸҶԾܵסġ
ͻȻʱҶȴȻĶһǷֱӵĵҶǰ

ڸûпһǵıǷģʱֻǵǷһͨ似ѣ˵δϣǷ˫Ŀȴ˸ڵѸٵĳŶԷкû˿ɬİΧ˹ȥ
Էǿµڽ뵽֮ڲһĨֲĶѣȴûʧ
Ѫ˺ֺɻǹδȫᣬҶѾɵĿʼˣһֱΪֲС
䡭
ֱӵĴ˶ԷϣǿǴʦƷ۷ǿ߶޷ȥĮӣԷȻҲѾ۷ĳ̶ȣںսѾķ˲ٵǸĲⲫУһ׽ĸо˵Ҷûľʹ䱻Ĵɢ

ߵ״Ͼǽޱ޷죬ǶԷʵ߳Ҷܶ࣬ȴˡ
쵰Ļ쵰СӣҵŰɣ˺ڰ˵ˣûһк³ġ´ҽͳһȡ
ΧȻıŷУҶʱıǿеĴ˳ȥһɫĹâ˸Уڲд֣صļһȴѾʧˡ
ž
ɳȥҶȫʹޱȵϵѪҺʣһζԷĽʵ޷ȥֿˡ

¶˾ȺϲɫҶıǳڿʼʱҲֻǶҶڴĻԷʵѾͨͨǿˡ
СӣϢɣҪ˷һεĻԵ㾭һδսϵĻһնġ
ϾǾḻ֮ˣ˺׵ıҳеĹؼ
оǵ֣ҶҲָ˲ٵѾֻһεоеǿ
Ŭ˵ҵдĻҵʵҲ˵Ĳ´Σ´һνĽͳµģ
ĴϢ˼֮ҶҲҶ飬ѸٵĿʼ
Ųʱ֮ϵѾʼĻһεĻۣϵЩδҩʼȻķ
ҶߣɢȴʼԽԷǿʵޱ⣬ϾԽǿǿеסһҺͱ˵ʵͷʹĺܡ
СһŰ
Ѿ¶˱֮ɫҶ죬ڿ˼֮ҲʼĵϢ
ǿõĻǼ𣿡
̲סĸ̾
˫ĿоⱩ¶˿֮ɫ˵
ܺãԺıҵľĿˣʮ갡ģһֻʮ𣿡
ȻΪȻĵ˵ͷһǲʮ̬
ңңŻҺɫ۵Ůһпʼ˸˾˵Ĺâ̬ƺԾԾԡ
Сôأ
ٲ̲סĿŻҺɫŮӵ뿪аԸ̾ѵ˵
УѾûоԷһ㹻˿ʼòѵ˵㻹ΪԼȥǿĴ𣿡
뵽˸ղпºͱϢ̲֮סĴһ˵
УûеӵļһβزԵ˼伫ƷĵΣҴ߶УȻһﻹǴŮ
Ǿ仰˵꣬ٲɫȴޱȲҰ
һޱȣȴְźƮ
ن£Сɱ㣡


265 
УƬʼתһֱڤŵС̲ס̽Դʼ̰˱ΧԪӣ̬ʵԵЩСӡ
ҶٶȾԵĿǶѸٵġ
֪ȥ˶ٵʱ֮ҶŻָƽϵǰȻǲҪˡ
սȻǿԼʵΨһķΪ˻ҲҪȥһЩˣһԻȡ֣һӿԼʵȥ
һεսҶ˲СʶͳѧԺĵʦÿһǿĵʦԼ־
֣ʵȻӵ˼ʮĳ̶ȣԲǸżȻҶţԷʵȻǿô࣬ҲԻķѺܴĴ۵ģûϢǸʱҡ
ϵԼԷ˵ʱѾọ̈̄кܶĵطѾʼѩޱȣȻΪİҶĻָ١
ΧĻҶ췢ΧĽѾȫʧˣڵѧԺҲûдȻѧԺĵʦˣϾһεսȻǣǿߣҲѾǿȥ˽ĳ̶ˣٶʮµѧԱ˵ĻѾ޷ȥ漰ˡ
ģ
Ҷվ˲䣬ȴְٲһЦĶǰٲЦһֱޱȲá
磬׬˲ٰɡ
ѾЦ֮ҶεĿ֪ܲһΪʲô˿ģȻһεĶĲʵĴ׬һʡ
ٺ٣͵͵˭˭һһᰴձֺõģû뵽һÿ˵Ļ֣㹻ϵЩѧԺˡ
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Ժʲôֱӵ˵ˣһҪȥԷأҪ֪սҪ൱
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ðҲаǵʵ˵ĻĽӴЩ˵ʲôµģһԺʲôΣյĻɲҪûѹ㰡
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߰ɣͷһߡ
˵Ѿ˪˻˻ֱۣһƿĳ֮󣬶ʱ⼸ʮλĵʦѸٵ뿪
ȿȿȡʹˣԵĽ⿪ԼķӡѾЩܲסˡ
ҵĿ˼֮εĿЦ
ΪʲôȥһأƾҶѧԺʵĻʲôġ
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Ȼ㲻ʲô⣬ȴȥƣҵˣµˣƾҵΪҲȫԸ㶨ȴΪҵԣɱ֮𲻱ⱲҼȥҲġ
һҶ첻ЩãȻĿǰ·Ǵĺ֮ߣӾȻҶһζ
Ѿһٶʮˣڳ˵ﵽ˴ʦƷ۷ĳ̶Ҳǲĳ̶ˣ֪ʮʱҲǲŴﵽʦƷ۷ĳ̶ȣǺǣҲ˵ǸʱǺһĳ̶Ȱ
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˵ʱ򣬶Է̲סĹҳᣬǷΪȵıʹŻֵġ
һҹ֮ҿʼˣǸʱʵǿеϢѧԺһΪҺãһҲΪҵĶӱɱĹʵ̫ˣȫļûһĺ⣬ֱһཬ˵Ϊҿ˶Էϵĵ׹Ҹ޷ҿɰĶӡҷˣһҹ֮֮ҷˣϰ䣬ȥ׬ȡ֣ǸʱһֻһʦȴѧԱһȥ֣ȥƴȡҩȥǿ似ҵҲǸʱֵġ
Ҷǰسһֲ龰һλڱ׷ɱһλĬĬԼӵĵ׹һλںСԼѧԱһŬ
ʮ꣬Ķʮʱ䣬ҴԭЩ˶ҵۣʦ̶ȵԤԳΪ˴ʦƷ۷ĳ̶ȡ
Ҷ˫ĿʱùԲʮʱڳ˵ܳǶżǿ˵㲻ʲôǶԷһߣһûʵߣڽʦ̶֮ÿһƷķѵʱԽĳãҶѾ޷ȥԷǾ˶ٵĿĥŴﵽڵ̶ȵġ
һʱһɾĪ˸гҶкϡ


266 ڰ
ﵽ˴ʦƷ۷ĳ̶֮ҵҲʼԽҲǸʱҾһĿ飬Ҳ֪ҵĶӵΪʲôɱģҲΪʲôҵʵʱڻ˷ĽҵʵһεгΪĳ̶ȣΪһֱԼʵ˵ٻ֪ҵʵﵽĳ̶ȡ
һ֮Ҷ첻ɵ뵽˶ԷڿʼʱԼҲ˲ʦƷ۷ĳ̶ȣϵȴޱȿֲģԼ׼ĸо
һεĻ֮Ҳ˱ԺˣΪѧԺеĸԺʮʱһֱѰɱ֮ĳˣһ񡣡
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һҿʼʱҲֵģҵĲϵ̽ڵĿʼ΢˽⵽֯ĹǶԷɱҶӵԭˡ
˵֮Ͽʼ΢΢ֳɵ̬һ۾ǿϼ䲻ϵ˸Źޱȵľ⣺
ӦҲ֣ڿʼʱԸȻ˵ҲȴԵĲŰɡ
뵽˶Է䣬ҶҲ¶һ˿ɵǶδ֪ļɵ
Ȼ뵽˶Էһص֮Ҷ̲ס˵
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Ҷ˫ĿȻ⣬Ҳ¶˾ȵɫЩû˵飬ǿôļضδ˽ġ
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΢΢ĴϢһ֮󣬲ҶһϢҲһĨĪ
ǸһЩصʷвŻ棬ڻʹ㹻ҵȻǵĲҲУǺٺ٣òѰҵ
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ƺǻûнѪɣҺڰ˸ֻδᰡ
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һԼ˼֮˵
ѧ˱Ϊ棬潫Լѧȥ֮еĿ죬еоͨĶ˱˵ȴĲǼʮٱĳ̶ȣòʼ˼ˣŷеİǱЩ˱ǿޱȵֻȱķʽ˵ǸʱǿѪһֱʦĵزٺ٣֪滹Ǽٵġ
õϢ֮Ҷ̲סһϺĴˣҲĪĻԵ˽յ̶ȣû뵽ǸȻһﵽʦĴڣǿ²Ű
ѪĲɴ˵ĳˣҲ˵˵ʱӵѪǿҲʼԽԽѪͳҲγɣʱѧԼǿֲҲʼˣҲĲٱѹȣھµʧ֮ǳΪϵĶʱı̰ģ̰Ȼ˵ƿ˵ϣǲҵȴ˲ǿƿУῪʼˣǸʱѾﵽһµĳ̶ȣҲֳʮĳ̶ȣʮȻ˵ģʵѾ֮ģǿʼԼѪεؿ֮Ȼѵ׳ԼʵҲʹ˵Ĳһδᣬʼʱ滹ѹסǵʱ򼴱ѹҲ𲻵˿ˡ
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ȨơλƸԶĶԭҲԶ಻֪Ķ
Ҷε˵
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ս˵ĿʼչΪڰ̫ǿʢǿ˵Ϊ̫ڽԴջ˴ҵĲ˵һսʹĻҲǸʱУѪʼļˣѪӳΪ˺Ĵڣͨ𽥵ĳΪеλ
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ѪǿʵԼȺ֮Ĺϵٵǿ޿ԻΪΣ飬˳֮󣬱̶ȵı仯ѪĲʵϲǺܼ򵥵ѵ˵ûпǱʵеһָݣط࣬ſԲ˼ߵĳ̶֮㹻Ŀ԰սˣǸߵļһˣҸӵĿ԰ԼٶȣеЧǿΪؼֻҪԼѪ㹻Լط࣬طĻӰźܴȴģеֻԼԵĲſԣҵڵطһֻ޴ħԳΪѪǳԷӳС


267 ټ諶
ﵽĳ̶֮ط𣿡
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ĳ̶֮󣬱֣ڳ˵Ļһ൱ѵĳ̶Ȱ
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۷Ʒǿǲ൱ģһ涼໥ȽϣͬȼޣƷĵȼ϶սƷ۷ĳ̶ȱذɣȻҶ̬ټĺܡ
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ǲ١һԹһ㣬ҪԷµĸȻĲſԽյֻǶԷʵ϶൱ǿģΪʲôȴƫƫҪѡ洢еļأ
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˵֮諶ƺһĨ޷йп
أڵ˫ѾʼˣȡĳԱǷ׷׵ΪҵһôεرסôΪֻҪУѧԺȻ˰ƽġ
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ˣǷֱӵķҵʵǿǿ󣬷ûûаʤԷġҡߣֻҪСȥ֮һȥƴ׬ȡֵģʱҲûѧԺ뷨ǵóȥˡ


268 ţ
ߣһﵹҲʵǲҵĻҲȥģ鷳ҷøС
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Ҷ쵭ЦһҶʵҲûжٵĶУϾԷԼȫΪԼøΪǰӣԼϲŮҪȡģһҶǰ֪ԶڶԷֶδϡ
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Ҫһ˫֯һ͵Ĵ֯
ٲõĵ˵ͷ
ǰӵĻǮһ׬Ϊṩ˱ҲʹǿԴǵϵõԼҪġ
Ҷüͷ˵
Ҳ֪ģҰæҲУҸĲġġ
׺Ǽᶨ˵
İһͲҪȥƴˣΪܻ֪ĺǶôĿֲڴҶѾʮֲһˣǴʮΪǿһλڵĳ̶ȣֻҪҪĻǺܿټѧԱģʱĻٺ٣ֱ㲻ңɼˡ
ԣţô磬ôϬ
ʱһѥӲٶȲĴ˳һöȴŭش˳
Ҷ졭λ


269 Ϲ
ġˡ
ö֮󣬰ٲϺȻ¶˾ȺͳԵ״̬
˶ʮ̬͵Ů˳ĳɫĳȹɫĳɫһɫװ·ǿڿζ
ȥԷĵĻһз˱һ֮෴ζ
ǰȻһԿµȴҲ൱̣ͦѩɫļ˳˵һֱʼȥƽ̹С漴ԲĴȡ
дһĨǻζл㹻ĸоԷһޱȵıɫ˫Ŀ
װϻģһ޴ĳ޲䣬ָų޵ֱ̬ʵĴһĨֹغ˵Ϣ
ǺܳԵİٲڿ˶Է֮͵һǿ϶ظǾ仰
ġˡ
Ҷ¶һĨ֮ɫ˵
Уôĺòã
ҶʱĿʼȴû뵽ȴǲǰٲ쿪ʼ˵׵˶ʼΪȻĵ˵ͷ϶˵
ģˡ
̲סĴ˶£
ħŮһֱǸħŮ
һֱ˻Ǻٳֹʲô˵ȴǵһεҶǰ¶̬ʵпʼֹ
Ϲγֵ˲䣬ٵѧԱѾʼ¶ɫ˫ĿֱӵĿʼð̬ʵľҪŮ̵һ㡣
ȻϹʦԭӵˡ
ƨǽ𣿸ǳԹջ󰡣ŮǵõĻһӶͷЦβģֱ̫Ҹ̫Ըˡ
ô㻹뷨ɣѵ˵ϹʦʲôħŮѾĻҶ뷨ֱǲ˰㡣
ܿλֳΪǧָ֮Ķ
ӣ΢΢üͷв֪Щʲô
Сľݺݵһһʳľ׽˵
ôҶأ
ε˵
ٺ٣Ϲ֮ìǿɾͱˣϹα֮ΪħŮɲǰ׽еãҪ֪ԷǧնǰƣķϵҶļһҶһﲻ֪ô
Ϲʦ
ҶĶֲԶΧһȺǲϵſˮ͸ľٶ൱
ǰϹʦģǲˣһÿζûϹǼ뿪ѧԺȥˣȻһǸջһ㣬Ȼ൱ŭ˶ˣǼ¼Ͻļ¼涨ģ˭ǵҲϽĻǾˣ񰡣ҿǳõļ¼ĳ̶Ȱ
ٲ¶εɫ
ҲǳϮ˰ļ¼Ͻġ
ʲô¼
Ҷ˵
ǳŻʱСֹʱȴû˿ŭ֮ɫɫճ˵Ҷô˵Ҳĵˣƽĺѧ˵ԼҲ̸ģΪؼǣһڿΣƺԷûеȵ¿ΣӦջģǱ˵ĻҲԵĲӵģϹͬΪϹҲĵӣں֮²ɵƤ˼Ȼֻǵվû˵
ϹʱŷһԻվһʱһ̲סĵ
ʦ
հ˰˵
ôǣôҿǼǵİ
һϹε˫Ŀжʱ˸˿ֲĹâĺȵ
Ҷ졭Ҷĸ쵰ʦ
ˢ
ҶѾ˽⵽ԭ򣬵ȴû뵽ϹľΪС²ģҶֱ˵
ʦл˵
ҶҪ˵ˣϹεɫԵĻ˵
˵
Ҷ˵
ʦһҶǸˣǲǻ쵰
û뵽Ȼ˸Ҷ˵ϹһԺÿüëɵϤ˶֪ҪŭıǰסĿ棬Ȼ˼ֻúߺߵ˵
ߣðɣǸˣǻ쵰Ҷ˽𣿡
Ҷɿĵͷ˵
ǵģʦǵĹϵܺãǺõ˳޷ﵽĳ̶ȣϺֵû˿
Ϲ֮󣬲ɵúݺݵضҶ쿴һֱҶЩëŻ˵
ǼȻ˵˵һƺǻеڶɡ
Ҷʹ˵
ǵģʦҶڲȥˡ
ʲô
һϹǽһŭӻصѧԺ鿴Ͻļ¼ȴҶ첻ûйϿΣ¼ûȥʵϹεǽһ󰡡Ҳûı㳯û뵽һﾹȻڣ
˵ɫʼޱȹŹ
һһ˰ɣȻħŮƭʲôͷ
հ㾹ȻҶ춼֪ѧԺʮ֮һԭĵʮĸ滻Ϊһֵʮ֮ˣȻֻһµѧԱȴŻʦǿʵ㣬㾹Ȼ֪
Χ˷׷׵ıһ˵
һﻹܹ԰
ӣӣľ𣬻һޱȵĻߣʵڳĲٴεĿԲѡ
Ӵ
ٲʹҽ˫ĿðĶŻףŭ֮ɫĵ
ϴ𣿡
ֻʱĻ׺ǷӦ˹һ㣬¶˷´½һ̬
ʹ˵Ҳΰ찡ҵż񰡣ȻħŮƭˣˣ缸¿̵֮尡û۵ǵġ
ΪȻĵ˵ͷ
ݣܺãҶҵŰɣϾ͹ȥŪңҪÿ
ҶĻϹûκεĲԾΪʦʱƾŸѪֶΣû˵ŪԼ˵ϹٴγѾĿɿڴһٴμææɱ˹ȥȻǾҪȥҶ졣
ǰɣħŮȻƭħŮ
ǰСˣʮֶȥϹεʦ˵̨رӲ
˰ٺ٣кϷˡ

Ҷ첢δϣϾǰҲûмʦЩҲǱϵǿѣҶɲΪһŮ˻ܰԼô
ȿȿȡǸ찡Ϸղŷ֣һ˲Űɫʮ㰡
ѵõĿЦ˵
仰֮ҶɫȴȻһ䣬Ǻݺݵһ£һֺǲԤгС
ԼЦģȴȤԼ⣬Ҷôãƺվһɷء


270 Ӯң
˵һÿεʱ֮󣬶ԷȻûй鷳⵹ǳǵ󰡡
Ц˵˵Ҳĳ˴õš
밡ԷӦòôݰɣѵ˵˵ƶң˰ɡ
Ҷת˵ϾȻϹ൱ĸ𣬿ȴҲܹأҶԷҲѯѣҶȥҲӦûжٵ⣬ǰҶνǼ˸ʦȴҲǶɣҵҶ춼ΪԼʲôѧԺеĿγ̻ϴȥȥģϾԼ飬һʦʵЩĺܡ
˵վʲôǱ˸ס˰ɡ
˵Ҷȴֻ˵ıԵޱȹŹ֣̬·Ǽһ㣬̬ƺ൱־塣
ļ˰ɡ
ҶȻĸоԼһı䣬̲סһ£漴תһȴһ۾ʱںݺݵضԼ
һװѩķˣһ˵ɫϹֻ˭أ

Ҷʱɵۣȫû뵽ϹˣһʱʱĲɵ۶ˣոճŵ¶һĨŹֵЦݣԼѧԱʵ̫˽ˣϹһţǿŮӣֻҪ϶黹ûзʱ˵ڿʼʱŻ¶ŹֵΪһ֪Ϲβܾʹ׵ķġ
ɶŮʲô𣿡
ҶЦñȿ޻Ҫѿ˵̬ʵԵЩ
ƺӦţҶͬѧǲǸøҽһôأ
Ҷһ㶣¶һĨȵ˵
Ҷ죿أ
Ļ׵ˣʼ׵ɵۡ
õģǰôûзôװأ
ҹͬ˵
ڿʼʱ൱װֻΪûзֶѡ
ž
ȻĶУϹεѾݺݵؿסҶ
˵ְҿɲϰߺŮ˶֣㿴ΪҵһʱʧֵĻǸûɶֲ鰡ҲԸ⿴ɡ
Ϲ¶һ˿ӣǺܿȴЦ˵
ߣһȥˣҶǲԹԵĸһȥĻԲʧģȷҪҶַ𣿡
ŶԷ¶صЦ֮Ҷ̲סĸоһɺ⣬Է⻰Ȼ赭дֱԼԷĻԼ޷ճġ
ž
ɵֱϹǾޱȵıУҶʹסС֣Ц˵
ȻʦˣҲܲʶǰɣλ˰
˵Ҷ˻δӦʱѾЩ͵ϹѸٵ뿪ȴûзһλŮڿıӰ¶һĨЦɫ
סѾٲ໥ӷΪԼҵš
İڴܹĻ
˵Ů˾Եдʦĳ̶ȣĺĻҲܹùԷǺһŮ˽а壬һһŮʦΪصĶԷһŮŮʦµ𣿡
ٲ૵ĵ
һ·ҶЦһֻεסϹΣһСϱһ㣬ڵڶԷţȴʱĳΧۣȻǺ±˿һ龰
ſҡ
һ˳ʱϹʵǸоԼѾЩʧˡ
˵㻹ƽѵ˵Ͳܵ𣿡
ҶЦ˵
ҵ֮ʱҪȥޱȵĸҸӲҪ滭Ȧ
Ҷϲɵ¶ڨڨЦݣ⵹ģȫΪϹεʵĻޱȣСǺԷѾһλﵽ˴ʦ̶ȵǿˡ
ȥģ
Ҷ챻Է˦֮󣬺ʵ
ߣȥģˣѵ˵ҳ㲻ɣ
ŵطıӰ̵ͦβҶ첻ɵḧ°ͣ˼״̬
԰ɣʵǲġ

Ϲǽһŭȥ۵ȴޱȳļһԼĲĶֻ֣ܹںݺݵһ֮ѸٵŤԼǰȥ
Լʮӵʱ֮һ·Ҳܵ˲˵עӣЩ˵вȱϹεϤ֮˺ͰĽߣһʱ伴Ϲޱȵı뺷ȴҲԷ˵עӣò׵һǰֹͣ
Ԫ
Ž֣Ҷ첻ɵҪɱ뿪뷨ҶѧԺȻҶ컹δϤȴҲԲٵĵطѾ̵˽ˣȱԪ֮һ
ԪͲ㳡ʵһõģ䣬ֻԪĽԱºǺЩȴ൱ʺϽìܵĵط
Ԫ֮󣬴ʱûжˣ˵ڼҶ˵ĳ֮ѸٵĳΪ˹۲Ŀꡣ
ϹʦȻ
Ǹһ˭찡
հҶ춼֪СӿʵԸʦǿߵĴڰѵû˵ѾʮֵλãҾ˵ѧԺĵģ֪ѧԺ˵ǲģӵһСӾȻʵ
䲻ĴһĨĽʺ޵ڻơ
ӬСֹʵϹ൱Ĳˬһüϵһ
ž
䳤ȻĻһһݺݵ˦һԷĿ˪Ķ˵
˸ҳȥ
뺷ҪͣϹεޣεᣬʵţûϹطҲͳΪ˸ӵ֮ܵˡ
ϹεĻ֮˷׷׵ɴһѸٵŤͷߡ
һСǵɪʲô
һλѧԱȻǲ
˰㣬˼ҿǿ׽ŻŮˣǵǵϹεˣ˭Ϊеģ׽ǿѧԺǿߣʵﵽ˴ʦƷҾ˵ڳƷ۷ĳ̶ȡ
˵ǽŵ׽𣿻û˵׽ǡ
һ֮Ҷȴʼӿ׽İﵽʮֲεѧԱһЩӡˡ
ܹ뵽ǰ̶ȵ˻Ҳﵽ˴ʦĳ̶ȣƽĻҲжʮ߰ĳ̶ˡ
׽ʮ꣬ʮҶѧԺе˶öԷΪԷʵЩƽӹû뵽һ൱ĺãȻѰҵһöǧԪʹ׵İƣѸٵʱʿƷĳ̶ȴﵽʦƷȻ󾭹Ǳ֮Ҳʹ˵ĳΪȻ˵Ѿ뿪ʱˣƺǺѧԺдкһֱû뿪ĹѧԱ
žžž
ıɿĴݵҶĶߣǰһŭ֮ɫĶӣſУ漴Է˵
㲻ǲȥҵĿ𣿺ܺãӮңͿԲȥˡ


271 ս
Ӯ𣿡
Ҷ¶һĨȻЦ⣬ķУһĨҶǰƮȴ˲ٳϢ
ҶϢϵı仯ϹȻкǲмСһĴڣȴвòҶȷʵԵ൱С˧
ȴִųϢìʵѰӵǾԿġ
ͬˣ
Ϲεʵʵһ˿ԾԾԵ̬˶Է̬֮Ҷ첻ֿЦõζΪڶԷϸоһĨй
һﲻרŵҪҷйİɡ
ҶĲ²Ǻ׼ԷȷʵѰҶ췢йģ뿪ѧԺΪ˺ѧԺཻȻϹε᲻󣬵ʵѧԺе۶൱ģ˵ǲļо
ϹαҲ൱ĵģû뵽ڱѧԺΪĽ˵òĲ˴ʦǵ׷ǻ˲ٵѧԱʼ壬һֱԸ𱬵εܹܵЩ˵ܿһαϷϹαˡ
Ȼ˵ºҲõ˵ǸеŭȴʵԵƽһصҶѧԺȴٴεıҶһĲԷ١
ҶҲţǶԴ֮Աǵ̬ȣϾҶ̫СˣСһ˺עĳ̶ϣҶԷӿȥһʮСκεһûн֮ǰ޷һǿԴġ
ΪʲôͬأȻԲȥĿΣһǱģȻҪȥȡˡ
Ҷʼ˵ҶĻشǻϽˣҧϹεŭ⿪ʼٴεŭ·ǿֲһ㣬ϵȼգȼȼգ
Ļ쵰ѵ˵ҵڿξô𣿡
Ϲץ

һĦ֮Ҳͬһʱ̵һ쿪
һɫĳ޳ϡ
ⳤһֱǲ棬Ҷ컹ûжٵע⣬ֻǸоԷⳤ޸ס˲ٵĶ֮
ҶȴС˶Է
еıУΪģΪûеķУҲ˳ӵеɱƺǲռˣҲָĳѧûжٹ޶Եġ
ΪıȻĵģ뷢˿տɱȽʯһעǿ֮󣬸ǿԺͳǹһ޶
趯б任ޱȣ㹻ۻʧȥƿأԷһʦƷ̶ȵǿôܵľѡ˳ޣȻҶ첻֪ĵط
һҪôһ֣Ҫôһ׳գȻߵĿԻΪ㡣
ЦһĨ߿ʼĶҶȴ֪Цʱ򣬶Ϲȴݺݵеĳޣ
ļһȻڻЦߣȣҵȰɣ
Ҷ֪ʱϹε뷨ĻǾԻĽģ֪ԼЦȻǿ
ϸϸĿһ۶ԷĳޣҶҲٴθ
֮ͨɫĸ·һööƬѻģҴǺĻĳ̶Ⱥǿ
޵İǾ˳ڴĥ֮γɵ̬һ·㹻ʹõʱ˳֣ҲֹĦĳ̶ȡ
ֵһֻɫԴԴѾȫγ˰׹ǣֻڶԷ㹻ĿԭǺεȵĿ¡
ټֻߣڶԷݺݵؿסһöɫӡһʱһɿµĺ漴Ʈ˳ȻǶԷѾڹע˳棬Ķ֮ɫȻø
Ҷ۲ʱͻȻһ˻ŴհĦʼ˹ȥ
쵰ڿ
ϹεĽеԭڹ۲Էĳ֮ʱҶô˵Ҳǻע⵽ԷǰһԿֲȻҶҷģԼĲǹģֻĲŷչ̶ȵġ
ιιι͵Ϯ
߲ȻķУҶ켱æһߣɲұ֤Էĳǳ鵽Լϻᷢεȱߵ飬˸źâķƬӿµĺܡ
ž
ŵȻֵһѷ֮ϹεĶҲĺͣǴӰһԱؿʼĻϹںһŭӵĶҶ죬Ϲ˵
ʮ˰ϸűжԼѡɡ
ŵһֲҶ첻ĴһǳϵĻԶ׼Ҫùˡ
ΧԵƷʲ͵ıУҶ쵼ʦЩѣУѩǹԣڶԷǰʹѩǹĻȻЩСˡ
ιѡûа
ϹЩ͵ʵȻѾͷˡ
ʲôӻ𱬲˵Ȼ䶼Ҫߴ٣治֪Ժ˭Ҫ㡣
ҶС˵ʱϹһѩĶȴѸٵ⿪ʼһɫȼ
ذװɡɱСһЩ
Ҷ˵ҲʼһֻͭذסǾʱһɫĹâͻأޱȵĳǰ·ǶһԼ
ɫĹâУһСԴʹ˿ʼ

弱æһԵıȴˣղֲ֮ܶ඼ϳءڡ
ιⲻѰұ𣿡
ߣҪˣҷҪҹ
ȥҶϲɵù˲ɫһʦһλΪòǹ߷߲ƽСŮ
ǾҶΪԼѾ˶Էһǳ޵Ľ֮һ޴߻ӰȴѸٵĴⳤȻ߼ݺݵسҶֱҧ˹ȥ
Ѿﵽ׳ĳޣʱȻһ֣Ҷʵûϵ
ž
ҶĽżһ̤أ˿ʼ˶ԷĽ֮ŽµѸٵĿʼŶԷһֻͻһĳȥˡ
ХԼţΪؼȴҶһɵɷ
ô£һôܻɷѵ˵ĺǶ֣սҴ˶Էܣ̫Сˡߣٶȿ죬ܿĹҵĳ𣿡
Ϲεһˬ漴ȻŤ
ڿ˶Է׵ĳ̶֮ҶҲѾ¶һ˿ЦݣаƾԼԷ˲ʱס
ߣЦ̫ˡ
ͻȻǽٴҶ߻֪ʱ߾Ȼûоʹ˵뿪ų޵ĿƼĳҶļҧ˹ȥ


272 ⣡
ƣҶȻתϮĳֱӾһơ
УѸٵĻһֻƺͶԷײһ
ϾҶδȫֲеںͶԷײһʱϵǿҲɵ˰С
ߡ
Ϲһٴͬһ㣬дϸڻع;Ȼת䲢ҳ޵ļ˸Ȼγ˾ʮȵ״̬
ѸٵҶԴȵг˹ȥ
ȻѾⳤ޵Ŀﵽ̶ȣһǹݵİ
ϻûʹãȻ޷ڿнҶֻȻоһƣĳ֣һ·ǺеĲһʼ
ߡˣɡ
ҶµĻһƣϹοʼЩȵģδ뵽Էһ֮󣬸ûзκε顣
ȻƣҲ
Ϲεýأ·һһ㣬Ҳ˾пʼҶʱһХ𶯷·ǹľ˵ĲһϲĿʼŶԷȥ
Ѫ˺֡
Ҷ¶֮ɫ˵Ȼ˵еʱ䲻֮ٶȴ൱Ѹ٣еı仯Ҳֻһ֡
ʯҶѾȻĽԼľѸٵĽԼƶһԡ
ĵҶǰĴȭʵһģֲֿľ㹻ҶĿ±ʹ硣
羢Էĳ޸֮ҶҲûԥ䵽˵ϡ
͡
ҿܣ
ҵĦһɺȻӶɢ˳Ҷɫ΢΢һ䣬ĿȥֻʱϹξȻٵĽעԴϵģɵһöɫѸٵķ˵ޱȵĲһɲĳ֣ɫĳڴʱҲһɫɴ¡
ѵ˵ϹʱĹ𣿡
ҶԺȻĳ˹ʣʻǳϹʱٵаǸӵĳõʱڡ
Ϲʱڵ޲ʵǿ󣬶һñУʱıкڵıȫһģȻҲǻкܶıǼ򵥵ķݵġ
Ϲǽ޵ȡ֮󣬾֮ٴε뵽УԭҪǿĺܡ
ЩҲΪϹʱҲ൱ģŴϹʱڵĶھЩҲʹµĳǰһ˲Ҫ˵ʹúӵйˣܹһ¶㹻ҫþõġ
һȻһĴڰ
Ҷа

Ҷ컹˼ʱͻȻʱǼȴȻڶ쳹СǼʱҲҶöģԼ֮оġ
ÿ죡ôѸ͡
Ҷдһ뵽ӵƮ뿪ȻߵһѳεĳѸаǿޱȵľзֲĦ֮ԸǶȿʼŶԷȥ
ߣС
Ҷ˳֮ϹεҲʼٴεķһŭĺ֮гҲѸٵĿʼ
ʱĳϹĿĲ˳ʮ׵Чʱ಻ʮ׵ľ룬ֳֳ޵ܿı㽫޴Ҷߡ
ٴβ뵽ϹιķΧ֮Ҷɫɵٴһ䣬ʱڶ˹֮Ѿ˲١
ΧһޱȵҶıԲһ֮ų޵ЧԵøӵ᲻١
ҶȷԷЧµĻǺ͸߳ԼһƷĶֶսҲռƵġ
ϡ
ոյϹǰĵƬѾеĳ޴䣬ڿӹ֮ϹεС΢΢³һУԽм˵
ʵȻҲңҴ򣡡
߳һ֮󣬽·һĴһѸٵΧʼеĶ޲ϵ趯нҶ岻ϵذΧȻ˵Ҫ˼ҶϹλǴҪҶԵͷ
Բ֮裡
ǳ޵ļ˵ȴҶӴ֮ϹεԵĻȻĹעѸٵĽҶ忪ʼϵתҶΪģΧʼѸٵӣγһѹ״̬ȻҪҶʹЩȻ˳еʼԼĳ޽ȫס
ߣֻҪǽסˣһҪúõؽѵһ٣Ϊʦ˿۵Ķ󡣡
˼֮䣬еĶȴδΪ˼и㣬һٶҲҶʵЩŴʦǿʵĻЩΣƴսĻҶкܶİ취Ը㶨ϹΣȴûжٵĳޣ˵ЩֲҲȥʹá
ɻǹȶǿɱУһֿ϶޷ģʱĻҶȷԼһԷ˵ĻǽνǳԲ˶ˡ
ðɣȻ˵Ļֻܹƾűһˡ
뵽֮ҶҲ¶˼ɫ
ߣƺǻûд˼
ϹεҲ¶ЩıŭԭֻѵһҲͰˣȴû뵽Ҷ쾹Ȼ˵Ĳʶ̧٣ʵϹεķĴŭѡ

ȻֱĻԲεĺۼҲʹ˵ĿʼĻҶΪĿʼγһԲ״ת硣
ߡΪ޿κǾǿҵıԵǿĹӿһЩ
Ҷ΢΢˫ĿƺʱҲʼøӵ
ݡ͡
һƿʹչӡʼҶϷɿļȥҲȻĳŶԷԼƵĳץ˹ȥ
ȻҪץȡҵı߱ޣĵ
Ϲη·һСһ㣬˳ƿԼ壬еĳȴʼϵĽӽѸٱøӴ
ı޷翪ʼתĸѸͣҶΧƺѾΧסһƬµĳ룬Ҷʱû˶ٿԶĿ϶ˡ
ס
Ϲεһ֮߳ҲȻĶסȻҪתеҶסȻһʹ俪ʼܵԼĿơ
ߣ롣
ҶдһĨЦ漴ƾȻѸٵĴ͸Χ;Ѹٵץס趯еĳޡ
ʲô
ϹεвɵҶΧĦ̶ȼȥ׵ĿģҶĶеı߱Ҳɵıǿе˹ȥҶΧľѸٵʧ
㡣
ҶһǿЧĴԷĴ˹ϹȻû뵽ҶľȻôǿһʱ仹δķӦѾʼǰȥ

̲סĵͺһ֮ڵĿʼоԣҶǵЦݣϹεɵһҧзɿĻûһĽĴҶĽ£ʱΧѾûκεתȻǾȷĴҶĽ¡
һ֮ҶĽ²ɵһеľҲʼʧȥ˿ƣİ౾Ĺ˵ڽŵʱ򶼻ѡԵȥΧ壬˵ס˶Էĳ֮ǾҲøӾ

˫ﴫ˳Һǹص˲Ȼֹ


273 
˵ֱӾӺǻǺܸںһΪߵϹε൱ǿֱӵһŮµƽҶѹԼ棬ŶԷǻԲޱȵβϵԼСĦ֮һޱˬĸоѸٵĴﵽ
Ϊһˣһһȴȵĵ꣬Ȼ䲻󣬵ô˵ҲѾǳ˵ķʱˣԱԷĦ֮ҶҲʹ˲൱ķӦ
ʹ
ϹԼ˫Ժ˵ԼһεײѾײԴЩκˡ
ԺˣҶɲԺϹε֮Ҷ㰵ԵĴвãСʾһ׳ɳ̬ڲϵ׳ţǱϹηֵĻҶᷢεȿµĺ
ʱƺѾˣϹεԴԺ˵
쵰Ҷ죬쵰Ȼѱʦײôʹ࣬סʲôộ
˵ֲɵ̽˹ȥ
հŮܲܲôĥҰ
Էһֻסĳ֮Ҷûһľʹ˱ȥϹԺе˼֮Ȼһݺݵˣ漴ԼץŵĳλڿԼӣѹԼѧԱһֻֻС죿һԼģ
ҶҪɱ㡣
ַɿĳҶԴϻ˹ȥǿֲͲĦķҶ϶ʱĴǶԷֲޱȵֶθȷС椾ԲǿЦġ
ž
ҶһӰס˶Է֣˳һʱߵٴνѾʼֳ״̬ĵѹȥ
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еߺȻıݺݵٴѹҾ˳УϹεʵεǿ󣬵ȴѾǷĴϰĽҲûа취ƿأֱӵѹҶϡ
д̸ͦоػδҶζһĨдޱȵȴѾϡ

˵촽Ȼֱһһ˿϶ûµһ
۾ĵɵùԲȻһ״ҲǳߵԤϡ
ʵһֵı죬޻ͨ˶ˣڸܵ촽ζ֮Ҷ̲סԼͷʹĦŶԷһǹޱȵĸоʼչƸǲڶԷĽϻ
һٶΪҶһå෴һˣûҲɻһеĳ̶ȡ
һɫѹԼϣ˵촽һȻ˵һ⣬ȴӰҶı仯ٵĻܹ޴̼ģҸҲһܹӰ°ѳס
֭Һϵ뵽Ҷһ˿ʣĽ̰ޱȵˣҲѾ˶Էǻޱȵı˳űĿʼǰǰȻĿʼڶԷϻ
ʶĶΪصģǰĻҶ켸ҲģڲһڵġתѾʼתתһֱҶޱͷ۵ĴڣȻ˵ǿ󣬵ڿŮ֮ʼתӱʵҶƲѡ
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ֱУ̰ޱȵռжԷԵޱȲҺȻĿʼȻϹһҶӲŮӣڱҶռ֮󣬽һˮһû˿ҶĽҲֻ΢ѡȥһ£ǳЧȻǲ
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ʱһ󼱴ٵĿ˳ҶϹ˿ٵķӦ˹漴æķֿȻֿˣǳȴ޷ڸǡ
ϹһĺΣԵɢһϢʵЩɡ
ٵϵȹ֮ϹһŭⶢҶ죬ľҪԷ̵ҪѵҶģ˭뵽û˵ĳɹ෴ռ˱ˣ뵽ԼȻ˱˻ĸԼȫǳ˲ܽӽζ˰˸飬Ϲǽһ󰡡
ʵϣǸ⡣
ҶڨڨЦЦϹεǰȴԵøӿɺޡ
ߣҵŰɣҶ죬ǡǲô˵ġ
˵ĽŲѾʼӽˣϹҲٶ˵ʲôȻӳһƺѸٵĳҶҪȥǾڰ·ȴı·߳Ҷϴ˹ȥ
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ݺݵ˦˦ֱ֮Ϲξʹߺܵ뿪
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ӣʲô˼ѵͲ밡ѧԺм˲ӵŮŰ
һε˵
ȷʵǶ룬˭ҰҪ֪ԷѾ϶ˣǽŵ׽˵ˣŮģ˭ǸĻԵĲ˶Է׽˭ǿʮļһԼСԷĻ˭Ұ
ߣ׽ΣԼĽǿѣղǷûϹ뿪ʱɫԾϵȹ൱ңء
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԰ôһ˵ĻղŵǸһϵ·Ҳ˰ϹεϻһֶصĹ󣬾񡭡Ǻ֮ӡ
ǡ
˵۵ʱͻȻһֲ·ǻһݺݵؽǸ˳ȥ


274 Ϲ
һλųɫ۵ŭⶢѾȥˣмĺȵһҲڲϵزȻųʵ̬
ŵˣǽŵˡ
Ȼ̤һǿƺȻı漴ǿҵĽѹȥ¶˸֮߰ɫ˵
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˵񣬸ղ˵ҲһĿЦȻû뵽龹Ȼӡ
ѧԺǿҲǲٵģ֯һ㶼ǱЩӵǿʵƿأͨѧԱȥֿġ
ѧԺҲĬЩ֯ĴڣǸûȥ˿ֹ˼
⽣ΪѧԺʮĿ׽֧ȻǸӵǿˣѧԺпǾްһĴڣΪ⽣е󻤷еӰҲǿ֪ģڽеһֱʵΪģʵǿ֮˲ſԵμߵְλ
Ļһ󻤷һֱδҲ˵Էʵһֱ㹻ĵְλ󻤷൱ܵǿ׽֧֣ǷʵҲﵽʿƷ۷ĳ̶ȣѧԺŵĸ֮һˡ
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ѾһΪ֪ԼѾȫˣ󻤷Ҳٶ˵ʲôֻĶһ֮漴Ѹٵ뿪ˡ
һﵽ˭ȻҵϷϹΣҪ֪ȥϹε˲֪ܲıѾ֧֣ǵʦҲŵģļҲԲΪһŮ˺ģ˭أ

硭
Ҷݺݵشһ֮󣬲εĶǰѾԼĵʮʱޣε˵
λ簡Ҹ˵Ķ˵ˣô飬ҺͶԷ䣬ԷӮңұһٻˣѵ˵ûҵϻޱ𣿡
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һıסԼҶԷ¶ӣʵҶһëȻζǺϹһ̬Ҳ˵ģֻҧصĿʼͼһﶵȦӡ
Ȼ֪ҶݣȴҲΪҶܹڶ̶̵һ֮Եб㽫Ϲθ㶨ˣڴȤһ֮㽫ʱķſˡ
Ӱ㻹ǵȥȡС椵ҵˣٲȥĻ»Щ鷳
Ҷεĵ˵ͷ
˵ɣ似Ҳ춼еģѾĳ˾һΣżġ
ʱҶ췢ְٲڿʼʱ򻹵ЦԼ⣬֮Ҳû˵ʱҶЩ
˵磬ôôİأ
ٲε̾Ϣһ֮󣬲ŶҶ˵
ڳﻮŴŵҪ֪Ѿʼŵ鷢ȥˣʱĻǲٰǳٸ߼ѧԱѾ˹ͼͰҪһµҪʽ𰡣ѧԺǿԴʹýҾͺˣҲͲҪȥǻֵˣǽǮѧԺзһͷʵʵЩԽҶ첻ɵЩʵ
ΪʲôͻȻҪأǵʵ˵ѧԺܹвҲ࣬ΪʲôȴҪȥķ˼ĹԼأ
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һ֮ҶԺв뵽ϹһΪ߱޵ĳޣǿǹҲϹʱڵĲ
ѵ˵ⳤҲϹδѧԺеõĲɣ
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Ȼ˫ĿŹ⣬Ҷ컹Ǻܿлָ˹˵
ΪѧϵҪĻڷܰûڷܵĻкõʺõѧԺӵϹΣ
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ȷʵЩǲʺֲͶһطȴʵǰ
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Ϲҡ
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Ϲпһ˼ĵطȱЧֻҪ֮󣬱㹻ĿԽ忪ʼıϡ
ǿѹ㹻һ߱óٻڳٻʱǾʱ֮ߵٶȻ൱ѸͣҶ֮ˣҵñ°빦á


275 
λϹ˵ֻһЧҲô˵עˣϹдĳص̽аԣǵһԣʱᱻɸֻ¶ҲЩ߼ѧԱΪʲôΪ߼ѧԺ֮ʵ㿪ʼͻͽ
Ҷ΢΢ĵ˵ͷȷʵˣճԵĻʱڶʮ߰ʱﵽʿƷ۷ӦһȽϲĵزˣǺȻѧԺоȻ˲ڶʮʱﵽʦǴʦĳ̶ȣʵĺĺܡ
Ϲҵ˵ÿҲֻܹǧÿһεУҪֵġ
Ҷĵ˵ͷͲ²⵽ˣһ̣ԷĻȴҶѪĳ嶯
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ŷӦ˼ĸԴ˵
Ҫ⣬ֻѧԺʵ̫ĳ˵㣬һ㶼ŮˣƯŮǣⲻǻõĦڵǺϹ㶼ˣʵĽʺް
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µ˵ͷɫ
ͼڸ޷ҵˣ߼ȻʹȽǿЧӦʺҵģ˵Ǵ۲СҲֻʹѡˡ
ȻǶһִۡ
˵ٴǰʮ׵ľ֮˱һѩ״ߵǰ棬طҶ컹ǿʼȲΪȻڲȴһصļʯġ
ȰɣҲ൱ľȣܹӴĽȥԵģ߰ɡ
µȻδֳٵľȣеһĨȴڸǲ֪й˳ϹȻɳ˸


276 
ǰߵĸһ˸̶߳ȵİɫŷΪȽ۵ʽһϸĻƵУԵ൱ء
λ뷢׵ϣȻԵõĻζ壬·Χûκβһ㣬һλŰ£ѩһλ߳뷢֮⣬ɫһۡȻһûй·޸֮ͨһ㵫ǾҶ̤һ׷Χ˲䣬ĵĹâͬǼһ㽫
λˣѧԺѧԱҪǵʶ֤
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˵ž仰ʱ΢΢Ķ˼£ԴԴϢ˵
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վһԵҶ첻ɵ¶ɫһ·϶˫Ŀһ˿ͼᶨҶϤΪĿ˾ͽڱ֮ʱ¶һģһ
ȻҪֵĻҲûа취ˡ
ߣϹҷΪͼм߼ԼؼʵǽٻһСʱмĻֻҪȥҳʿƷ۷岻ģȻֻҪ̣Ϸ֤㹻Ŀһʱдﵽʦĳ̶ȣʱѡ߼ңߣ
ߺԥĴ˰ߵĻкǿ̱ҶȴóԷȰǰ¡
ǺȻԼȥɵ˽һ֮󣬱㳯ҶһкɿĽС
ϧˣСһҿǼܶˣǼһӣֻǸ߼Ҷ˵ʵ̫ǿˡ
ߵ¶˿ϧ֮ɫ˵
ߡСӣҪȥģҲǸ߼Ұɡ
ĶҶ˵ʱƺΪµԵʣü䲻ˬ
һ´ʲôȼˣҵĳ̶˵ȥսؼҵĻòĺۣҶԷҲҽģȥ߼Ҽʶһ°ɣҵġתǴĹֻҪСӦĻӦûжġ
Ҷ찵Ե˼̧֮ͷ˵
ǵģҲǴս߼ҡ
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˵Щô˵çײأһ۸ڶƺǽһеﶼϣǸ߼ȥȥ˵𣿡
˵ʱߵɫͻȻһ䣬˵
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Ȼ̫׶ԷΪʲôôʣҶ컹ǵ˵ͷ
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İסԷؿڣ羢͸Ѹٴ˶Էĵϣ˵ǳ˵Ļ˵ƻ϶ǲкµģߵİ൱ĺãػ֮һɺ֮ɫ
ҿеʦһԼʱĽԷƸֹסˣԸЩ鷳
˵ʱǺȴȻԼƣż˵˵
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С֪˰ɣǳҲҪĻֵģûˡ
׬ǧ֮µƺЩġ
лѣСӼסˡ
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ǰɣȻһͼѧԱżհеͼѧԱʼˣ
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УСӱǿ־ǲŲмұǱֱս߼ҡ
µ˵ζЩ䵭˵
ʲôЦߣ߼ң𣿡
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ڼλѧԱĿɿڴ˾Ȼʼ˶ģ
Ҷһ֪
ǰʱͨÿһͨһ̬ʼ䷨ģ·һ¥һ㣬ûзҲûнݣȻҪһĿʵǡ
ȥĻһƲãй©ѧԱ൱Σյġ
Ҷ찵Ե漴ҶҲ˴ǿϢЩϢвʱĻʼγɲ״ߣ·ڸӦʲôһ㡣
ԭˣﻹǱŲٵĸ֣һĻЩҲʹӵġ
Ҷĵ˵ͷŲǰȥ
ֱͨ˲ٵʯţЩʯŵбűţԼ9916ıҶҲʼѰ
ԽȻҲҪԽǰߣǺҶ˴Լʮӵʱ֮󣬲һʯŵǰͣһ9916ȻҲҶҪѰҵġ
Ҳ²ⰡСӻǽ֮ᱻݺݵѹȻȡ
ǰѾ׼ˣЩ֪ߵغСӣѵ˵֪Լʵ𣿡
ɫڲ˼İĽ
Ҷһ漴ƿʯţǾʯŵ˲䣬ɫͻȻʼ仯


277 µ

ֲıʱȻһҶ汬˳ǿѹ·һɽһҶԴѹȫĸطȻȫİΧͺǿһ޲ڶԷƿС
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ٶ̶Ҷϱ죬ʱͬû˵һ˿µĿ֨Ȼܵѹʵֲ̫ˡ
ѸٵĿʼûϵһλ춯Ҳֱ֣ʧתȴԵЩǿϾΧѹʵֲ̫˵㡣
ߣΪֲĻҸǱġ
Ҷ۵¶һ˿Цƣһƿ֮Χѹ΢ļС˲٣ᣬʼȻӣѸٵת˾Ŵ죬ת֮ϵѹҲ𽥵ĿʼС
һ漴ʯűݺݵعرȥ
ۻ𣿡
ΧЩص
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µʵµǿҪʦĳ̶ȲſʹõҰСʲôͷһǸͼѧԱ
ʯŵĹرҶѾˣĳܿһȦҶ췢˵ûǿĻһп൱ˡ
Լжʮƽ׵ĳ̶ȣ߶Ҳ׵ĵزһЩѩɫļʯȥģЩʯҶȻ֪ǺεȵĲģôǿѹǰԷȴû𻵣еļӲ̶ȿѾǳ˿󵽵ˡ
ҵһööȭͷСӣӵΧһɵΧĹԵЩͣӵñҶ˫Ŀ΢΢ЩǺܾȣϾôʱڼȻּȴûмʶļʶױжϳЩÿһöźܸߵļֵȴӱİ
֮΢΢ŶԷɨһ֮Ҷɫ΢΢һ䣬ԭΧЩɵĹξȻһ㱡ʶѹ֮ҶѾȷΧǺεȵĿֲˣȴôӣÿһöӶΧеֱǺεȵĿֲ
Ҷ޷󣬵ǶϹʱڵǿѾԽľˡ
ΧһЩոµëȻǹʹõġ
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Ҷǰ֮ϲɵЩЦΪΧѹܲӦ
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ҶѾԶ϶µϴʧܵĳ̶ȣϵĿѹƲҪ˵ʿΪˣΪʦȥҪ㻷ͻƵĻѣǷܹ߶൱ѵġ
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Ҷȴǿ϶Լڵҿ϶õһʼʱһ㶼ǸأϵӸصȻǻԼ𽥵Ŀʼǿ׳
Ǹػǻķʽ޷ԼΪﲻһϵֲֿ㹻Ҷÿʱÿ̶ÿһļ⡢ϸеӰ졣
£ľԾͻԵ൱ףҲ㹻°빦Ч
ǺǡȻ˵ĻǾͿʼɣҪȥԵģҪֻܹｫԼһ¶ѣ˵Ļ»±ġ
ҶɲΪԼ޷ϾڿʼʱԼҲδʹùȴֻǸоЩʹѡ
ĽǿеĿʼҶһεĿʼֲĦ
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Ҷ˿ĵЦݣһСʱһǧ֣൱ģ˵ҶҲͣĿʼܲ
ܲ˵һܣûѧҲ㹻һ㣬ڵҶٶȴһӤĳ̶ȶûУ˵ڿԷĶ»ǿΪԷڹء
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ʦǿҪѾ൱ѵõˣȴһı̬˵һα˿Ļ¾Իڵһ˲侪Աġ
Ȼ˵Ҷ첢δסԼ壬ǿǰҶÿһϸѾסѰʱٱ֮ѹѹǰ£ϸҪȡȻΧԪѾʼıҶƤ˽ȥ
һɹĸоҶסһˬĸоƣζʼ˲١
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Ҷε˵
һססʮס
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Ҳֻǰ˶ѡ
ҶʱϹҵ棡
µԭĿ϶֮ɫѾΪɺ޷š
ɫĶǰĵʦ˵
˵СӴӽ֮ûг𣿡
λʦǿ϶˵
ǵĺϣǿʼʱҲѾСӸܴģڿʼʱǶ˳׼ˣû뵽Էڽ治֮󣬾ȻǿеĹرˣֱղǶõԷһĺ˵ӡ
ٺ٣Ϻڰƺʤˣ
µɫǽһⰡͺ໥ʶôʱˣǵһθоôˬ
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µԵЩơ
ҲǴʦȴԱʦĴڣҶѱ֤ǶԷĶ֣ǶսʱһɱùȴǣϺڣССˡ
һ֮ڳɫʼþػΧȴϷǾȵĶ
ѵ˵ǡҶ죿
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278 
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ȻӦ˹漴һѵץס˰µĽе
ϼһﾹȻңģģ֪ǲǣ
ҶȻأȴҶѧԺĸ߲㲻֪෴Ϊ˱֤һܹȵĳɳ߲Ա˽ҶϢǼҶȴ٣Ҳ˰ڲ²⵽Ҷ֮˵š
ôܣôأȫµģ˵㲻ҴĵĻҲ˵˵ֻܹãٺԪǹ˹
һ¶ʱйƤεɿ˰ϵ죬ϵ֮ɫȴԱı˳ȻԪ൱Ĳᡣ
ʱɿҶƺҲʼ뵽浱У棬ҶΪ֮ȵԼһڶ̶̵ʱоȻ˲ٵѧԱ
ҶѧԺٴεĶһΪŵ
Ҷ챾ΪŵĳҲҪµʱ䣬ȴΪ뵽յʱűˡ
ҲŵʽҲ̵ĸĳҹŵĳν
Ҷʵ͹ԼѧԺеӰ֮Ĺϵӣ˫ŵìܻ⣬Լ諶ĴսǻʤŴʿǿ̶߳ȵ֣֮սֳνѧԺ쵱ĸ߼ѧԱ۴ˡ
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ʱ˫ŵΧеɫһĬΪ諶ƷζеŨ裬Ͷ˿δһ㣬ۼΪʲôеʣԼȵȵĸ߼Ա
αһЩĪǱ³Ա޴ĴĴнӽʮ˵ʵЩԵ΢ӵ˵㣬˲ٵ³ԱֻܹԶһֳž;֮ɫĿ諶ͱǴ˶ȴѾΪѧԺʮ֮һǿߡ
˾ͽϹɫվԶȴǱֵôƽΪһλʿǿߣΪԼΪ㹻˫гΪһƿأԼǳ͵ֻҪԼȥŬܿ˳Ϊ߲ġ
ȴû뵽;ȻҶϵˣһһɱʵһ޷йζ
Ҷ죬ƾʲôıôǿ˵Ŭȴδﵽ߶ȣأƾʲô
µѾʼŤΪݲĻ˾ͽϹԵпܳȥȻԼ޷й뷨˵
ҹѾˣʱ˫ŵ˿ʼ࿪ʼɢģȻǱԷ˹ȥ˵ȥԷܻܿΪǵľֵġ
ȱ൱ء
ߣһƬɫΧĹһ˿ĿܶûУޱ߼ʵɫƺһڶһ
ϸϸĴпȥȴᷢмԼĿԿһӰ
ɲ
˫Ϊصĸ
˵ô˵㵹ǻشһ
諶¶һ˿εĿЦеıӲϵаţڼ˶ʼԼ֮ڿʼ
ҵýһ飬ǺҹŵǺ໥Ħģƺ൱ΪҹŵҶŵĺǽĦ˵䷢չȥĻ˫һĪĴ̼ս
ȱϺֱӵ¶˿϶ɫ
ұģԷǲϽȥĻ˫ŵϺڣ
諶̲סĿЦ
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ͻȻһ˵Ľĳ֮ȱ϶ʱ൱ɵΪ˵˲Ǳһֱ޺ڰеɲ
ɲͻȻڣ諶ǳһɫһɡ
ߣɲʲô˼
Ȼɲпʼ𣬿ôǰȱ̲סѯ
ɫ޿ռ΢΢ĲɫˮһɿµϢȻԤƵĿʼΧסȱ
ȫû뵽ɲҪ֣ټɲʵȱҪǿ˲˲ȱ㱻ɲѹѹ
ȻĻ֮ɲѾ첢ڴϢȱһԾ˫ĿԼɫΧĿһȦѾɫޱȾŵЦ˵
ȱоԼܴ𣿡
㡭͵Ϯҡ
ȱǺԼĽе
諶ε˵
Ҫˣҹŵֻ˵ҪȥǣǲѧԺ֪ʲôȱ֪ɲΪʲôҪ𣿡
ȱ̲סߵ
ߡһôܲ²ĳ
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ҸղŶõƻҶǿȻ˵Ҷ֣սĽûпǴҶȷʵǽѾﵽ˴ʦ̶ȵ֣ˣֵλˣ֣ǿ󣬼ǸԺʵǿĺܣȴҪˣһһʤȴ뿪ˣ˹ؼõҲӦò²ĳ㣬ȱһİնûУȷȥС𣿡
諶˵ͷ˵
ҲҪ˵ģȻĳ̶ֳ˵ĻҲΪ˫Ǻ˶ԷҪǣҪĲΪ˸ˣҪΪԼ˫ǵģҪٵĴ۲ſԽҹŸ㶨û֪Ҷ֮ҲνĦˣȻ˵ĻΪʲôҪȥһζǶԷأٹ֮ҶҲ൱鷳ġ
˵֮諶Цһš
ѧԺһУһλĸߴɫķɣһԾⱬ˫Ŀ̲ס˸ĺ
Ҷ죬ܺã
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ѾʼһСʱʱдﵽһ·̣ϵļҲоԽٹµʱ֮ұ㹻ԼӦҵǿѹˣȻԼƽ߻˺ܶ࣬ȴ㹻Ŀ˵ˡ
Ҷȴ𽥵¶һĨεĿЦ
ʵȴкܶ鷳ҵȻǰϵĻȴֻʣˣʮյʱѣҾȻ֣ȻõĲˣȴҲЩ׽ˡ
ֵĴʵҶЩεĺܣڵҹŲŸոյķչȻŵĻҲѾ˽ӽʮĳ̶ȣǿųԱеĹУԼҲ޷ȥõġ
εҶ̲סĿʼ̾ϢͿЦͻȻʱһ̶˳
ʲôǽŵˣأʲôΪ⽣ŵڲԱżȨأֻһССʿ̶ȶѣȴѾͻƵʦƷľ磬ұȣȵԣ˵˾ǲȥʹûֹҩĻһҲʿĳ̶ˣ£Ҷ㻹˵㡣


279 Թţ
дһֵ⣬Ļޱȵ֮ɫз·ڿһ̬Ҷ̲סĿʼüͷ΢΢ǰȥѭķ򣬺ܿҶ㷢Դ֮ء
ֻһλɫɫǵͨ죬ƺڽԼеŭ⣬Ҫ֣ȴʲôһ㡣
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Է俴ȥѾ˶ʮ߰ĳ̶ˣ˵ȴûжٵ̬෴ޱȿֱ̱ӵĴеߡ
һһλòеȣȴһĨ֮ɫŮ¶˲֮ɫĶ˵
˰ɡˣȻȥˡ
֮ΪԵŮӵ֮϶ʱñһŲ׵ϳ˿ĵЦݣ
𣬻⣬ǸոճҴȥǽżʶһ£һλϲоƷˣѾʯһöںò״ˣҴȥ°ɡ
ʱΧѾվŲٿֵѧԱʯĸ֮󣬴ҿɶ̲סĵһΪĸֿǲһ㡣
ʯ˵ǿеһʯȴڽڵϵʱΪֵĦȼ֮ʹöԷıʷ˷츲صı仯ӦǽԵɣȴתΪʯһ֣Ϊڴڴܵ˸ļѹ˱һֲá
ҪСãĳ̶ֳ˵Ļʱ𵽲СЧǶ޷Ľ״̬˵
Ȼ˵ʯҶѧԺеļֵߣҲҪǧֲſԵõҵֵ֮ǷǧȥȡһŮӵĺøУԻǴֱʡ
ȥѾĻʯĸ֮ǲ׵Ҳ¶Ķ̬ǾʱȴĽк˳
ⲻҪģ˭ѧԺгĻӣʯΪӲ֪ƭ˶ٵŮѧԱˣҪСİ
һ֮ԵѸٵĿʼ˵
㻹ǹҲ簡⻪Ȼ˵һ͹ˣԼԼжʲôΪΪ⻪֮ͬǴСһ㹻Ӱ쵽̭ҲҪȴԻһ㶼˽⣬Ϊеְ֮𣿺ߣΪ˻һҪúõؽѵһ١
˵ѸٵĶߵļԵıµѧԱȵ
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϶ʱ¶һĨ̵ɫ̲ס˵
˰ɣҪһʶ£˵ģϲΪˣأʱȻﵽʿĳ̶ȣǶǰʵ˺ܶ࣬һֱҵһĿ˵ǲܵģҲȥѡԣҲǲܵģҺܺãÿ㶼ҼȥҩҺܸмΪ㣬Ҳڽ뵽ҶѧԺΪеһԱӲﵽʿƷĳ̶ȣҡһмġ
һ֮󣬲ٵѧԱʼΪ¿ʼо˱ĻȥһĵҩȻһǣŮȻ˵ĺʵҲһͷ֧Ʊʡ
СӾȻֱʰ˵ŮôôﵽʿƷĳ̶ȣҳԾ٣û뵽ԭ򣬺ߺߣҵĹ̫þҪŮ˵Ĵ֮ľԪΪ䣬ʵԽǿЧҲԼãҲɲľԪ֮ںĵһĻҲһﰡߺߣ£ҵĶ˰Ļһòôõء
һ֮ɫЦ
㡭㾹Ȼ˵Ĵң
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⣬ΪʲôΪʲôҪôԴң˵ĵ㵽ҶѧԺңΪʲôȴӣΪʲô
Ҳǵͨ죬̲ס
£ǸʱһСʲôֻǸм㣬м㡣һˣѵ˵ͲܲҪңȥѡһʺڵĳ̶ȻҲܲľѾܵˣ൱أ˵ûϺõĵҩȥҽεĻⱲӸдˣѵ˵Ϊڵĳ̶ܹһ𣿡
µ¶˲Ц̬
ʵΪʵ⣬û뵽㾹ȻӣǸ洿ӵŮȻĻ˭ǿȥ˭ΪԭҲἱȥ߼ңҲӣãܺðѾʶǸŮˣڵҸоģޱȵĶģ
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ֻҪԼһ´ȥԷԵĻΪһģַǳΪ׵׵ͨˣͨ˶磬һϵ֮ԭǿ׳̵Ŀģ¶Է
Եٶ൱ѸͣΧ˶δӦԷѾµǰ
ʿʦĶԱ൱ԵģҶһĶ֮ˣûûκοɱԵģһʱڷӦʱһɭɭĺѾȫΧס壬ͱ޷ڸǵı˳
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һŵı֮ȻըѣɫĹâоȻ˸һĨɺ죡

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һֻѩƣһɫĳۣһλʮꡣ
λص꾹ȻԼָޱȵļס˶Է֣üһĨɫʮֽԵޱעĿ

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280 󻤷ģ
İ֮ԵѾ¶˿ĵɫڿԷӰӸǿʼԽĵǿеסϵľʹ֮ԴĳŶԷ
ܡҡ
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뵽Щ֮󣬻ǽеĵûҲٴεʧӰٵĳ̶ȡ
ĵٶȿȥƻʵһʱѣǰ֮˸Եǰָ΢΢ڶԷֱİȥ

ҽԵޱȵĺʮָĲ٣ƱǿеĴ̴ȻֱӵĴﵽ˼ֱϵĹͷǿеĴ飬ʹѰ֮˿õģԵʵǿ־Ҳûг˵ĳ̶ȣȻǲҽӵľˡ
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Ϊ⽣ŵĸ߲Ҳ˵ĵ£ʹҲţεĿҽŵˡ
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ұȫĶѣȻϻʲô쳣ÿһĹȴѾķѵ״̬мĲλΪأкܶĵطѾȫӼǺķѴҩѽκõġ
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ҶȻн䱸ȴû¶κεѧԺгڱ䳡أǲܶģûѧԺҳһš
ղŵԣһͼϵҲΪоԵİգڱʦǷ֮ǰ㶨£Ҷ첻һԷԼϢûҲ˵ѾעԼĻ
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һȻĴҶбŷ˳ʮԩ֮Ҷ֮Ȼǿһµĳ̶ȣȴҲҪɱʱĽеϵɷſԱ֤Լ׵ĶŭǱϮʵķҶĴɣɺȻ˸ҶֱӵĳŶԷѸٵĳȥһƽҶ׾ٵ֮
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һİ֮ڳɫʼı仯


281 ޣ

ޱȵļž
ΧĿƺѾһ˲俪ʼһ㣬ڳֻܹоԼĺȴǿеĶסԼĺƺԼĺͶǰļžһ㡣
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ĵ¶޷ŵɫҶ죬е޷źͷѾҪͣһУһжѣҶ׵Ķ˶ԷĽֱӵסĲӡ
ڴҶȷʵûжٵĺøУһΪԷһ˵ĸ磬˵ݼڣ֮Ҳǳݼڣ
ڶԷȻӱĿʼǷ֮˵ĴɣҪػಫУûѧԱ֮ûжٵ˵ҷ踵ļɻ䡣
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ҶƵ󻤷ĵɫѾʼóȻ˵ĵֿҶȴ·Ǿ֪ǯһ㣬ƾԷεȥȴû˿İ취ѡ
ҶսĶȻû٣ȴܹҶһ㣬ÿһεĶֶѾﵽ˺ܸߵĳ̶ȣҲˣҶļʶͶϵļľ鶼һ˿ġ
ЩȻ˵ڶʱ֮޷ﵽһʵĸı䣬ڶսҶȴ㹻һķӳһнƷȫȡҶʵϵĻΪҶ챾֮Χǿޱȵƿس̶ȡ
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ߣǿɲһ˫ŵʮ֮һǽŵ׽ȴѾǵʦһĳˣұΪѧԺʮеǿ߿ǽпŽӽǧԱȻǿ׽ʵѾ˵ʦʦƷĳ̶ȣҼǵʦҲǰƣ˭ȥǣҶ첻һոսѧԺĴڣʵȺǺͿ׽ȽϵĻȴ˺ܶࡣ
Χ˵Ҷû˿ı飬ϵȴ΢΢ɿһЩʱ򻹲ǵԷʱҶҲΪһŮ˵ԵȥԷɱ
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ҶĻʱڳĽŵĳԱʼǺȴȥΪʵΪǿ˱ģǶԷڶԷ˲һغ϶ѱ㱻ҶƷˣǼȥʲôã
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ߡΣֻҪұס˽һһҲƽȥġ
ⰵԵİοԼ˵ͻȻһĺâ·Ǳ̴̹һס壬ֻҶ˫Ŀ΢΢·˿ϵĿһۡ
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ңңҶµĶԻ֮ĵϲɵ˸һĨղŵҶ˵ǰԼѾڽԼ˵ǰɨˣ

ָݺݵסĵʱȫŤݺݺݵҧסԼ촽
Ҷ졭Űɡ


282 ű䣡
⽻гҶ¶һ˿ЦߵĻɫҲ൱Σ
MDǽ򵥻ˣֻǵΪֻҪһ˻ƵҩǾԵıȡĻ֣Ȼûôļ򵥰ҹŵѾӵһǧ˵ĳ̶ȣǧ˶Ҫǳ۵ҩڵȴǸղƵҩҩݣӵĻеѾʼĻɢһѾ뿪ˡ
Ҷ˵ͷָڳĦţ
뿪Ҳã˸ûжٵҳϸûνĹУȻ˵ĻǿҲֻӵʱѣҪĲ˶࣬Ǿ˵뿪뿪ɣҩݵӦÿԽģϾǲſʼѣֻҪһֵľӢǾǿĿܣǿʼռҩݰɡ
ĵ˵ͷͻȻʱһ󼱴ٵĽŲӲԶ˳ֻһλĸߴòҺѸٵĳʱĳΧţڿҶͻ֮϶ʱ¶˿ĵɫ
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Ҷ쵤ҩѨİ֮µѾȫָˣһεɵѹǰҲõһĪѹƻָ֮˲ͻƵʿƷ۷ĳ̶ȣŲ֮㹻Ĵﵽʦľ磬ϸ˵ҲΪҹһλǿĸ֡
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һģСĴ˵λҶѧԺ࣬λԵƫƧһЩҲҹŵء
Ϊҹڵʽ𻹲ۺҲÿһֶҪƿأٲΪȻȨЭ֮󣬴ҾȻĵλòãȴʤڹģ
ʱվŰλѧԱЩѧԱΪλеһڰٲģһһλɫ̷Ϊס
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һ˵ɫ̷ĻѾ˲ѧԱĹھλһζҡ֮󣬶ʱһЩѧԱǵĶ顣
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ʼ𲽻ֳЩĻ֮󣬰ٲ໥һۣвһ漴ǰԵĿЦѡ
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˵ôֻܹǰȴ˵εļģҶѧԺвٵͼѧԱѾҪ˵˰ɣҹ֮ɳȥ˸ְٵ˽鷳ֻ˹һƺǵôɣѵ˵ЩǶûо𣿡
һλվҹŵĳԱ̲סЦѵ˵
ǰвٵ˱˻֣άֶﲻóһְֻǣȴʼԹţŷչĳھĲ֧֣ߣǼҪģȴûôҪģ㣬ҿǼǵϵĻٵˣŵİ㻹վ𣿡
һλųԱҲӦ˹ָǺɫ̷겻мЦ
˿ʼ֮⵹òٲο˲٣Щ˵ķ֮󣬲ٵѧԱѾĵͷ
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ðɣµϴƣԸµǻǻӭġ
ٲЦ˵ӿʼΪֹϵЦûʧǿ˿ȥĻǿԴϿһĨǡ
һ֮Ǻַɵɫ֮ԻΪɣȫΪһųԱǱԷȥĻŬɾͰ׷ˣֻҪټһֵˣԼõ϶ǲƵġ
ǵģλѵ˵ϲʽٲԵԻǣװƽǻǺ뿪ģܹõʲôûԼĻ֣ǱȥԼҪĵҩЩһЩҲǿٲŵĵҩǿǶδɣһɶԷûƳֻΪҪõǵĻֶѡ

еȻķһٲɫʱѾ˵
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ҵļɣҿǹĿģµİٰʮһˣ뿪ߣֶҼУԼ¼
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ɫʱһ䣬ʼ仯ɫҲˣǵжѾ˲ٵĺ֮ˡ
һ൱ļһһת۵ʱ㷴Ӧ˹
ߣƭ˰أҹŲҶڳţνҩȴһֱûмΪڻǵĻҲ²ҹиûҩޣߣѧԺҩ޺֮٣һոճôܻõҩأ
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283 룡
֮˲ŷ治֪ʱӣλݿȥȽϳ죬һλһ۵֮ɫ
˵һλŽɫ۵꣬ᣬҴһֲĲҰ֮ɫƺִ󲡳֮ųֵ̬
һλɫ޳ߴȴһ޷СƣȻɫԵҺһЩͬǶһϢȴΧ޲оΧĿŶԷĳֿʼЩ
˶ʲ֮Ϊҫ۵ȴλ꣬һɫĻۣüһöɫʮֽԵø߹дһĨ졣
Ȼ¶˷·Ǻһ۵ЦݣǾͶһɳȻʾԵѹԵĿܡ
ڿ˵ĳ֮ٵ¶˿ĵɫҲвٵ˿ʼõǿ־ΪдҶ˲İ
ӳ顢޺˼˵κεһ㹻Ϊ֮ȲѣΪ˶ҶѧԺʮĴڡ
Ǽˣûб˵ƺ͹âס෴Ǳĳֶκεһ˵ĳҪǿ
Ҷ죡
ҹŵսʦǿ߲ܵ񻰣ʮȴѾΪѧԺеʮ֮һǿʵ˫ŲԽһ
ǶԷڲʮ꣬˵ȴǿʵ˲²ԷڵʵҲʦĳ̶ˡ
ԽСﵽĳ̶а˾ųɵĿԤʾŶԷԺĳɾͣҶʮﵽʦĳ̶ȣǶʮأʮأ
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İɣѾˣѾȥҩˣֻҪЩҩĵұƣʱǵҹŵʵһѸٵķչģ˵ջЩˣ˺þöûҵҪƵҩĲϣҿ޺ۺǳ飬ⳡ漴ѹԺҲڶʱ֮ٴεľۼġ
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ұҲû뵽԰㣬ϾǰҴæˣҵ廹ҽκõģĻҵΪӲܴﵽڵĳ̶ȣǺѵҩıͶڻ̫ˣѧԺҩ޾Ͳ࣬˵ϽĻҲһ˷ѡ
ǻǶлǰҿĳ˵Ϊ˵İĻǼһﻹĲһô͵ļ۸۸ҵġ
Ȼ˵ĺƽҶĻó޺۵ǿģϾԼŬҪĿɲΪ͸һǵģȻҶǶøмĺ塣
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˵Ѿͳƺˡ
һȺС˸һǿӲ̬ʼŭҶĿĻԷѾȫĽһи㶨ˡ
Ȼ˵ʱҲǴһĨ˷ܡ
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һ൱õԤУһԤȴ˵ǴӺζģֻܹĶҶС
ǼȻҪˣΪʲôҪסǣ˸־ģȻҹסǣҲãǿȥĵطչġ
Ҳţһ㶼ţΪӦ֪ЩĻʵģʱ򣬼ҪҲĻҲ໥ԿİգʿǿҲкܶ࣬ΪʲôҲá
ҶһεĿоõļһʵǲ֪Լúεȵ̬ȥİ׳գüͷҶ͵
ʵڿʼʱ뿪ĻһĻͷһģϾҪڶʱ֮ҵһµĳԱҲһѵģڲһˣҪҩѾˣԺ󻹻ԴԴϵĽ뵽ģֻҪҩģҩ㹻Ƴ˵ҩĴڣҪһµĳԱʲôЩµĳԱҹžԻõģҩ͸ָֻԴԴϵķţҪıǡ
ҶĻòٵ˿ʼǸ뿪֮ȴһػ򣬵ûҩģںˣȴҲ֪ԼûлˡٲǻᣬֻǱǸˣһеƺֻһ
һֱԣǷߺ޵ʱҪҵһйһ£ҪҵһڣڵйĶֻһ
оΧǲƵȻΪ֮һȴΪԼѰΨһ;ȻԺ˸һĨâѿڶĺȵ
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һ㰡ʵϻǺܺý͵ģʵҩӵУǻġ
Ц˵
ܵģǼ񵽵Ļôܻ᲻֪
ҶԼٲ໥һЦЦ˵
һ˵ʵȻǶҪˣҲҪȥʲôˣǰɣҩĴڣҾǵǰ
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ҩ޶һѧԺʮ֮һ⡭ǵһ̬
ٺ٣̫ˣ˵֮ǰΪʲôҪˣǿҹźγᷢչȥ
˿ʼһһۿˡ
ĺ
һԹ֮ɫĶҶ˵˵֪Ҷһλҩ޵ĻԲҲѡ뿪ģΪԼ׳ĻҶ϶ƺܶĵҩ۵ĳȥģӵĻԼʵԻٵġ
һλҪЩλˣǵĻһο鷳˲ٰ
Ҷߵĳ޺۸м˵
һҲбġ
˵ֻҪܹ쵽ģһ᲻İǵġ
Ҷ˵
޺໥һ֮Ц˵
Ҫҹš


284 ۷塢£
һﻹǱ̬ôľȻѾʼȫ߼ϰ˹ź֮ܿһ㹻Ľ뵽ؼˡ
ڰе˸ſ¹â񲻶ϵ໥ţΧĿʱķ΢ĦȻڽĳִܵĹ໥Ľš
ǰʮĳ̶ȾȻﵽڵ̶ˣǺСڸ꣬ѧԺбҵܹ֮ﵽεȵĳ̶Ȱ
ҶѧԺܻܿΪһĳֶڴ˵ġ
˵СӲҶ˫ݵǸɡ
пܡ
ʧȥЩʦǵĽе˸
һСУһ󼱴ٵĴϢϵĴ洫


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дʱΧѾγһֻʵʵɺ컢צصĿռѸٵץȥ⻢צĳ֮ɲɺѾۣ
ԣԡ
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ʵڵҶ֮Ѿʼϵǿ˶ǰѧ似Ҳʼٴ
ڴеʱһǿµĻӰֻΪֻڴҡʱ䷢ģҵԺȴһֱ˸ŶԷǲһץȻⲻһצӿǴŶԷʱĹ
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𼶵ǿѾҶĴ˼ԼʦӿҲֻȫʢʱڲпܺͶԷһĵֿ
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Ѫ˺ֵǿɵģҶȴоһצĲֻһֽһҶѪ˺Ϊеı걾ʵĴڣҲʼԷ˲١
ҶԺһĨצѾʼ𽥵γɣԽɭɭĺҶ𽥵ɢ
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ƺʱҶѾΧĿռںһһ㡣
֮ʼҶ֫ٺٶȼҶתٶǽȻֶͬԱȡ

ϵʱҶԺֻ𲽵Ļۣ
͡
׾ٵ˺Ҷ챳ĳۣĿʼԪѾ
ԴʼһǿޱȵʹҶ֪Լ˼ʱǿֿһצǿԼϿƿصģһĺȵƶЪ˵ȴȻĺ˸ŨҶȰ׾ƣһϵĴڣȻҪһĥѡ
ʵҶ²ǲΪĳԭ޷ԼһϵѧȫĴȥֻܹһצҲǹΪ֮ϣܹ֮һаʽ
ǲʵϾ𼶵ĴڣҪ˵ССʦˣǴʦҪʲôҲǼѵġ
˲ҲڴһλǿĺܹõԼĴУȴδ뵽һ֮ޱǿҶ죬ǿ֮Ĺ̥ǿ̶Ҳǳ
תǡ˵ҲҪ߳ܶĵȼ˵ֺҶԼǿͼᶨ֮ʼԺвϵݻ
һצ˺ѣƣצ̡̲ĻߣÿһεĽȥֻһǣʵȴΧпռϵİΧȵȣߣ
Ҷü˸һ׳̶ȵâֱӵһ֮һѪҶȴ¶һĨ˵Ц⣺
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ҶȴˣеĻǺ֮࣬ĴﵽǧǸ࣬ҪǺεȵѣֻڵҶѾûѡˣܹ뵽Ψһ취Ҳһ취
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ҶȻһԺеһĨצ·ǻ˹һ㣬ҲѸٵָצֱַĿʼȻǰǻ֮Ѹٵߡ
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ϹеĶʱķһޱȵıƣҶǰһ޵Ӿ˫ֲԾĿʼ鴤ţѪָ
Ųе˫Ҷϲɵ¶һ˿Ц
˫֮ȻֻǴﵽˮ׼׵޷ʹãҪԼ㹻ܵĳ̶Ȳſɡ
Ҫȥƣ˫ȴʱѾȫָ״̬ǿѾԽĺҶ忪ʼںϵÿһѪҺϸС
ͻȻϰԵתҶ¶һĨ޷ŵɫ
תоȻѾʼ𽥵ĽԭЩ޷ĵطʼͨˣҲʼøӵ˳⡭ͻˣ
ոյĴﵽʦƷ̶ȣǵȴٴεĴ䵽Ʒ۷ĳ̶ȣƷ۷ֲͬĸı䡣
ƷľƷ۷ȻǶ۷֣ʵȴűϵĲͬһͻƵ۷̶ֻ֮ҪԼʵϵĻӣչһѾǶϵʵˡ
߼ĳ̶ϲ۷ϵı仯ʿĳֱӵĿʼǰ۷һˮһĳˣе㹻һٴƷĳ̶Ƚ뵽¸̶ȣȴ١
оɵĵز֮Ҷڿ֮Ҳʼø
һʱ䣬мˣϴˢһ֮Ҷڤóһոµɫ۴ϣƿʯš
Լļ̬¡ȵȵʼҶĶУҶ쵭һЦ֮ƮȻ뿪ǾҶ൱ĵʱȴѸٵĴ˽һץסҶ˵
죬ǳˣ
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ǿƺȻ


285 ң
ҶѧԺռ൱ҲѧԺеĿյ൱Ķ࣬һԵĻ䶷ʱΪıǽ䶷غԪ֮⣬һЩطԽ˫ìܵġ

ѧԺеһĵط֮Գ֮ΪȫΪһ޴ˮĿĻٵǧƽҵĳ̶ȣˣķ羰ˣҽ൱ʺѧԺ棬ʵȴǱΪѧԺ֮һ
ΧǴĿյأƽķ·һƬɫľӣȴʵЩ֣ʵĻȻ൱Ĳϧȴһֿµ裡
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Ϻûʲô𣬶ͨĳֳӨޱȵĽɫԶԶؿȥ൱ǾޱȵȴΧٵĳѧԱĴڡ
ԭȻҵȼֻĳ̶ȣһЩͨʿ㹻ĸ㶨ǣҲָ½ϣˮжԷʵ㹻Ĵﵽ弶޵ĳ̶ȡ
弶ްǺεǿĳ̶ȣƬ˵Ĺû֪еŶٵĽ衣
ʼʱһЩ֪ѧԱ棬ǽȴһǱǿеɵҿзּʱı
ʱյվˣ
һֵֻˣһȺȴ˳˵ĵز
ٲ졢һעǰЩɽû˿ѹǴǵ˫Ŀб㹻Ŀصɫ޲ʱʱ֡
˶УΪ׵һλĸߴӣ˵ӴԼŶʮ̬߰Ŀ಻˵ҼǷֲ൱ԣɫļϵźʼ
һԹصĻ̻ţ˿ĳһ㡣
ӵֱλ꣬еһҶĻԵĻ൱ϤģΪǷ⽣ŵ󻤷ʱҲѹһ𾴵̬ȶǰߴӡ
׿һ
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һȭĶ׵ȥǣ൱бսĵ޲һȭĺˡ
ѾȥѰˣǸߴΪ׿һ⽣еĵڶǿߣÿ׽ò˵һһλ֮ˣѰ֮޷а壬һȲĵĵǶսʱҲҪСһ㡣
ٲһ˵ΪѧԺϢȽͨļ֮һٲѾЩĴڿʼˣ׿һǿĴȻҲǻĵġ
İɣ֪εĴġ
Լ渧ţû˿ı顣
Լ촽һĨζʼϣ
ɣǽ˷ϵûǲĽǵġ
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ôоҪ֪൱ΣյģҲ֪ǿ˵һԷĻǿɾͲֻʮӦˣĽ輴ȥӦҲҪܴģʮǵıѣ
ָסѾʼøӵı׳˵
ƺûɡ
Ȼ⽣ŵǿ׼Լ䵥ˣ˵ŻסԼ˵ģʮĻҲһڶѡ
ǵ˼ԼԸ⽻ʮඣ
׿һ¶һĨЦͲм˵
У˵ΪԼ˶˲ֵľɣҪҲƤ˲ûǽ㲻ҪĻټΧҪֻ˵˹ûʣֱǼҪӻҪƷ
꣡
һĹ춯׿һϣϱޱȣʱԵøӵ
Ҳ¶˷ɫǰЩ˲м˵

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СС˻˲ʮĻҲҲģֵǰ˶С
һ鲻ٵĳԱʼѡ˷ܵĽˣ׿һȴû谭ӣϾѧԺȻ˵ֹɱʵҲǲ͵ģȥЩɱ׬ȡֵѧԱ֮⻹һЩǱ˽䶷С
ħԳħԳ˻𣡡

Ż׵һŭ֮󣬳зٵƿ
ȫӰȻǰļλѧԱѸٰΧ
ʱ׵ʵҲ˺ܶ࣬ȻҶˣҲʿƷ۷ĳ̶ȣﵽ۷֮㹻ĿҶİ¶ʱʦľ硣
Ѫ貽
˫ĿѪķ֮ɫɲѧԺǷнֹɱĿܣֻһζĿʼ趯е䵶ȫɫ»İΧס壬֮Χ˸û˿Ŀܡ
Ϊ᰹ˣȻѰûе׺֮ǴСմѪЩСгɳѧԱ˵ľӵķḻ
ٲȻСһȴͱЩŵСĶһʱ˵ʵýŵĳԱһ
Ȼıָз
ߡɱĺˬ
׵ĶȻһĺ
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׵ɫʱһ䣬ǾʱһֲĽȴѾֱӵĳŻ׵ǰбб˹ȥ
󻤷һĶŻ״ĿЦ
ȥɡ½
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ϴ󡭡
ͻȻһӰȻĴһԼ˹Һݺݵؽ׵ײ˳ȥǺӰȴѾԷݺݵػˡ
Ѫ˲˵棬˻ǳ޷֮ɫϡ

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286 ɷ
ѪУһλ껺ص˵ϣ
ϴ󡭡Ҳ̫С˰ɡ˭Ժ˵ʵСҿɡɲӦ
ٲ¶ʹ֮ɫĲЦǰһɼǵѪ۴ӼֱӵĴﵽ˰ӵĳ̶ȣѪˮĽУȴεػס˻ס
ҡҡ׹У˫Ŀʼرպ
TMD˵شңشҰ
һѱס˰ٲ죬Ľ
ȿȿȡʵֵֻĸȵżĵϷһŮƺ̫ܰ
ٲڱԼ˫Ŀ
ͻ޷ŵĿǰһУӿʼĽΪֹȻֺȴһֱδɱһˣϾѧԺУѧԺûжٵĳޣƺҪˡ

޷ŵĿԼϤֵܾȻԼǰ˫Ŀ
˺Ѱĺʹŭ
ңңǧ֮һλɫӰڰкݺݵһҶϻ̿ޱȵĿԶǿʼ
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Ҫ
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ΪԼٲ㲻ˣԼСĵ㣬Լôܱ͵ϮԼȴ˭ֵĶ˽⡣
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󻤷ͻȻһֵĺڣԼƺһ޷ص飡
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ȻˣȴԼɣʧ󣬼ѧԺ׷ȥҲ֤ģǰٲԼֵģԼû뵽ɱٲġ
ʲô˵ģѧԺ˶ˣǸ߼ԺΪǰȵ𣿡
һλ겻м˵
ŨĳԴףȻĲȴԵ൱ĺأ˱ǺڶսеļһҲ⽣ŵһ
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ΪʲôƾʲôҪǳ֣ǸûκεĹϵֻ·ѡ
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諶ɫһ䣬ȫû뵽ҶƾȻľˣǸݼŵӰɳغһղŵֲֿѹʵǿ
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һƬڰһĴУһλɫ԰׵ȻĴðڵĴϢ
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ȱ̲סʵֻ諶ԼĲ²һ㡣
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״ĶҶ
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ҿҲ˰
Ҷû˵۾ֻǰǵѪеİٲ죬Χһƺʼþ
ڵȵѰ
ҶѧԺʮŮľϰ
Ůͷ𣿡
ǷˣôĻְ

˵ЦĺѡѸӻֵܣȴǶ̶̵ʱ侹Ȼˣ
Ҷ޷ţǴиȥǰһУΣôȥͣȥ磬һƺѾˡ
ӦģѾ֪ҹڷչӦľģΪʲôȴһζŵ鲻ܲأ
Ҷмޱȵϵı鶼ʼŤ
Ҳݣûڸ˵𣿡
һû뵽Ҷ쾹ȻԼһۣʱҶ쿪ʼ̲סĽкʵ󻤷ӵǿеĵ֣Ϊ˲бĺܣȴٵĳ֣Ҷ֪Ҳ
һȭȻʼҶǰһʼˣ
͡
ɫĹâ·һһʼ޵Ŀռһ֣ȴûȫʧֻǻһ㣬ޱȵһ͸
㣬㡭
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287 ɱ

ǿܻ̲סʧȻǷǳܹ˽⵽ģ󻤷ĵҲ¶һ޷ŵɫ޷ܣ˵ЦȻһб㱻Ҷĳǹ׾ٵ롣
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諶ɫޱҶ콻ֵȻͶԷδԼȫȴ֪ǰҶԵûǿʵһʵҲ൱ȻԼĶ֣ȴԶԿʦǿߣҸźʹʦʦսʮжвܵĳ̶ȣһλȴǰҶһб룡
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һ㹻ĿսʱȴѧԺĸ߲ǸޱȵĶ

Ҷеĳǹ·ǶħϷĦ֮ĿΧһȫԺУеĳǹ˿ûԥƿǰһѸٵĽֽŴ顣
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Ժ˸һצͿֲҶĳǹ·ǻ˹һ㣬׾ٵĿʼһǹ˲ĵ˲ĽΧĽ˸˳ȥɺ쾢ֱӴÿһ˵壬ȫĵ˶ȥ

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ҶֱһǹеĳǹҲ𽥵Ĵ˶ԷļѪ˳ŶԷտʼ
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СӣѧԺеǿ߳󣬲ҪΪԼʮֱ˲ˣǻңҵȴ޷Ĵڣʵ㣬һξǵ㲻ˬԲŻҪѵһٵģʵѾﵽ˴ʦĳ̶ȣսʦĵʦδʧܣСҶԣͼѧԱѣӦ֪ԼѡһεǿˣԺõļǽŵƵ뿪
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ڼ˿׽˲䣬ıֱӵĹ˿׽ǰ

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290 ɿ췢չ
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һеһȫİΧס˷Բ׵ķΧУȻΧ޴󣬵ȴ㹻Ľ׽Χ
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ΪȻĵ˵ͷѾĴ֮ΪֹȻûͣǶԷЦǽһ󰡡
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ҶĻȻˣÿȴһֵĳ̶ȴҲʵЩ׽ˣϣоΧԪͬϸһϵľҶ첻ɵЩ
ת˲ʱѾȥˣҶҲڲ֪еȹ˽ӽµʱ䣬µʱڳ˵ҲһʼҶȴ㹻µʱͻƵʦƷ۷ĳ̶ȣʵЩԤϡ
ϹУһӰڷɿرţҶ첻ɵЩ಻ѣӰСѾģҶޱƵȴǶԷϹоȻû˿ܵӰӣ෴Ǻƽû˿ٶȣ̬ûб仯
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뵽Щ֮ҶҲʼ𽥵Щ׽ҲǹֵĴˣڿʼʱӦóһɱ˰ٲ֮ҶԼߵѾʼԽĿһ֮ıҶҲ𽥵ɱ
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֮˼ƿߣһԲϴ֣һɱɵȴҲ㹻ĻὫԼǱΣոɱҡС
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ҲҶ컹ʱѧԺһӰȴҹɫʼһСļϣһģӰڼϡ


292 ȣ
ȴҶѵһ˲䣬ϵҲʼøʵСͿʼ൱ĵԼë
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Ľһϸǰ͹µĽʼȫȻҲǿΪ֮ĳЩ͹ԵĲλҲӵͦ
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ΪϵǼ֮ǿϺõİƳɵģԱޱȣټõĴһɢ֮໥Ӻܿᰧģֿ֪ܲܵסһĴʦǿߵأ缸ҲԵĵҩϹʦǷܰ˼ұϾǵһΰ
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ֻԼһԹĽĳǰһظǽѹסţеĸоҶ첻ɵЩ
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ŮʵҶжѣȻһΪŮˣûнˣȴҲһֱԼеĸ顣
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ߵͼӰӣļʼֱӵĴﵽ˰ӣѩɫС棬ŰӣĽвϵ
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һλŹװϹεǰ˵Ľ͹£ȻѾ˵·ȴ޷ڸǶԷĸ飬ȻʱһɫˣһԳɫдʱʺͷŭɫ
ڿϹѾֿ׵֮ͫɱ˸ѣĺâת
С㣬ˣ˭۸㣬ȥɱ
Ϲμæס̣
Ҫ̣ҵԭ򣬲Ҫˡ
§סϹһ֮ɫ˵
СҴСųģһֱ㶼ǸĶ£ĸҲҴС̷ųģҵ˸ҵѣȥ֮һֱ㵱ҵŮʲôίһҪ˵
Ϲһѱס̣еίʱҲȫı˳
̡ΪʲôΪʲôǸ쵰Ҫң
̵˸ɱѾʼʵʣһĸϹεԴ˵
ԣҪˣ˵ɣ˵һЩġ
Ϲε룬صοпʼԭίһһ˵˳


298 뿪
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̵¶һĨŭɫʱɱѾγһʵʣǼҪ
ȥɱ۸ҼС㣬ǲܷŹ쵰ġ
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Ҫˣ̣һģ˵ĻⱲĻ𣿶Ҳܵ˺
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ϾһŮˣǵһΣŮ˶һȻޱעصģߣһ㣬һ˸ĳԲ㡣
˵ʱӣѾʼɬ˼ޡ
뵽ǿɶЦ֮ȴ˵
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ҶڨڨЦ
ôܰװŴˣ˴ôĲʶ̧ء
˵֮ҶȴЦ˵
װŴˣ㿴ڶ糿ˣѵ˵ҵ𣿡
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Ҷ졭˵µĻǾһʱҰɣûһӶҪң


299 

Ҷüͷʼϵı鶼ѾʼýӲޱȣǰһλŹӵɫ۵ĺŲ衣
ǺȲĻҶԲо˵ľᣬκζԷӿʼڶһֱ״̬šδֹͣ
˵һ޵ŮӷĻǽˣһͷûκεĲߣǴһ൱صζ
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طһ޴ĵʦ칫ңĶҪȻ֪ͷʲôݣҶȴԷݾԵĲһ˿˵ģǶԷȻδչֳԼǾͶһֺгޱȷ·ǺΪһĸоȴҶоһϤζֻд֮ϲŸоϢ
˵ʵȻǺ֮ǿߣ
ϸϸĿǰͷϺͨ߰ʮͷֶ֮࣬ص˵˲һĳ̶ȡ
һͷ׵ĳ·˿һѩһȻӤһֲۣȴ˵ǰһԵĲǱϵ򵥡
ȻһͨĳֳۣȻȴһ˿ӵеġ
δûɢźεǿƣǳһȵϢǱǿ֮Ҷĸоˡ

һ˵Ҷڵ̲סĽе
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Ҷ˵΢΢̧ͷ
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ոչŵȻڷдһֲסԴεĶҶ쿪ʼ
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Сӡ֪˭𣿡
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ƺӿʼһֱڱأ˵һǲ֪˭
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ߣССͿСȴҡ
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Էû˵ѵ̬ҶȴʼϾӿʼڣǵһμԷƺǲڸϵĶԹǴӶԷĿȴԼǵ
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ߣ֪ϷΪʲô֪˰ɡ
Ҷҡҡͷ˵
ǲ֪
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װ࿴Ҷ֮󣬶ʱʼӵ۵ĺ
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뵽ԷǰӣүүҶ켴εĵ󣬵ȴҲҹֵķֻЦ˵š
ߣŮһ֮һ֮󣬴еڶˣһ˽лõĻϵѪҺ˵ķڣȻֱӵķն
Ѫ¡
ߣҿԸӦӣӣѪڣ˵һڱչصʱ䷢ĲԾˣֻǸʱڹؼʱ̣޷ûϷ򼴱ƴŵ֮Ҳý쵰һ
˵ʱ򣬰װȴ¶˺֮ɫ˵
ֻû뵽ӣӣѪδıƻ㻶֮øӿҲֻܸӦѪֲֿĲȴ޷ӦԷѵʱ̣ƺѾƳˣСӵйŹ֡
Ҷε˵
˼ҽ²ֻΪ˵ɡ
װĿҶһ֮û˵
ϷսһҪСΣߣһμоһ㣬㣬ԺĿԻ˵ĴЩûʲôرģ治֪ӣӣǿһˡǳ֮ϷҪһ飬ϷĶԴӣӣ
Ҷ˵
ȻģҪϲġ
УΪҵĹŮҲòء
װƺǺҶԸϣ˵һεļûжٵĿԡ
΢΢˼֮ҶˣʵǱǰװߵģҶ뿪ıӰװε̾Ϣһ
ۣٻɷ·СľǸ֣ȴһ֣ŮҲԿġ


300 С
㲻ĺС˹ϵ˰ɣ
̲סĶŰӣ˵
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㣬˼ҲҪһϲ
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СľŬĽһѩţ׽˵
Ϳˣ㷢ûֻҪᵽĳ˵ʱı仯൱Ѹ١
Ҷ죡
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鷳˵Ҷ쾹ȻŮϲ
Сľͷ۲ѵ˵
ǰ˾ȻϲǸСӣҸоǼһ̫˵㰡ûг
ۣ㾹Ȼ˵ʱҵѩţⶼˣСҺ㡣

ΪѪ֮ûʧĻҹǸϼһԵĻҪҧĳ嶯
ҶһƵ˵
ӣֺݺݵظҶһû˵
˵ʲôأһ㶼˼ңǿүү
ҶƵ˵
ȻˣүүȻǶˡ
ӣһѩţҶߺߵ˵
ѵ˵үү
оΧŮϢٴεҶ֪ǰ˾ҪˣæЦ˵
ȻȻˣүүүүٺ٣ӣӣ̫ˣԺҹȻиˡ
Լϲ˵ĳһҸҶ˿δٵӣһҪгһˡ
Էȴ￪ʼΪ֮
񰡣ǲǰӣȻںһ˵Ц
ǰȻĸǸ˲֭ģǸ쵰˭ҪȻеŮ񡣡
Ǻܿ켸ֻȴһѽѾĸ˻
вѵ˵Ǹ˭ǿҶ죬Ҷ찡ҹŵѾԼ𣿡

ڵϷҶ쿴εİӣ뿪ˣҲһɫ鼮Լ°Ҷڴ˵
½¼ǸװǸϼһ˵ӦΪȫһˣܴܲѰҵɡ
ҶŰӣʳаԵ
´һ֮󣬰ӣȥȥˣǰװ˵Ȼ˵ѾΪܵĹϵˣȴӰӣԺķչΪ׼ΪǱţӣεĶܱ谭ĻװԵĲ˹ϵġ
̸ͨҶ֪ȥءļһʵڵԼǰɿܻģѾҪĻԼҲûʵȥҶڰӣҲûʲôҶҲû
޺֮࣬һǧսԼ֮޼¼ںܹл棬Ҳκܹ䲹ȫ
ƪдֵּڿһ֮ҶвɵÿʼΪԷļǿΪ֮岻ѡ
ǧǿ˵㲻ʲôǶԷȴܹǧʱнϢ¼ȴԵǿ֮١
һͳ羴̬ȣҶķһҳ
׹ޣǿ֮ޣ׹޳ǧףߴף߶Ϊ֮˱ܣɽΪ֮λǳÿһڶİǧ߰ټǲƵʣǿƵһ㹻ƥ
ɳĮߡѸף硭涾ޱȣ߾ҹʹ
ͼƬҶ쿴൱Ѹ٣е޼ֱδţȴ㹻ǧʱ佫ռʵٴεҶ쿪ʼΪ侪ޱȡ
ԷԵ޼ǴͼƬϱ㹻ĿԷǿ̶ȣȴԽǶԷʵﵽһֺεȵľ磿
Ƿ˺ܾãҶȴûҵԼҪģ֮Ҫ˽һС׵ҲԭϹҶ췢Сǿû˿ķӦƺǶֱӵʵҶЩԾѡ
뵽Сֵ֮ͨҶ첻ɵҪҵԷ뷨˵ܹ˽⵽С׵ϢҲԸõĽС׵ʵӳʱĻҶҲԶһǿ֡
ѵ˵Сײޣ
Ҷε
ϾôȴûһǷСġ
ͻȻʱһŹصͼƬҶǰ
ɫëɺͫصĳβüһֻĳ̳צݺݵذһɽµľʯ棬ǿհƼǴͼƬ϶㹻Ŀ
ԷӿȥЩ룬Ǳ˵ȴڱһԳ
е棬ȴֻĵһ֣
ڤ˵̫ʱ̲ظ߹Ѫͳ߱´ؽһΣٶ֮£ʵ£鲻꣬ȼ꣬ꡭ
µıһеĲꡣ
Сôͷ


301 ʦ£
ȻΣҶûиоڤСʲôӽӣһ仰ҲҶЩЩĶ
һ鲢ȫ޺֮࣬ûΪ֪ˣɴڴδ֪Դ˲䡭
С׵ĳ̶Ⱥ͸ͨٲѰ޿ӵеģҲʹŶԷ˶֪δ֪ˡ
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ҶһͻȻ뵽ϹһμԼʱƺ˵Ҫ뿪飺
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Ů˾Ȼ뿪ߣҶŮˣ˭Ҳܶ
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ҵһλʱԱˣǻδʧάϵһʱ֮ȴصĿʼ˻ɢ̬Ҫ֪εľΣа취𣿡
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Ȼ֪νĳʲôˣǰװȴоĳҶڵ൱ļУüͷʼ˼
ž
װͻȻĶҶ˵
ҼǵѧԺĴʼ˵һλǿǿߵĻйоϼҲѽճΪԷ϶ڲе棬ǼҪõҲҪлõġ
Ҷûжȥϻֱת뿪Ŀꡪݣ
ƺʲôأ
װ̲סĸԼĺ˵ͻȻ¶˷ŭ֮ɫĺ
Ҷ죬㾹ȻϷķţ
ⴵӵ۵ļһҶֱѡӣĽ˲УʱҶѾǷȻһ·˱ٵ
Ҷ죿ȻҶ죬ǸѧԱʮеǿ߻Ҷ죿
Ȼĺܰ
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ЩҶѡӣڵĳ̶ȣҲǿάֵµʱ䣬ʱٳĻܡ
ŵĸ߼ѧԱһηɫҶɿĿռС
飬Ҷ쿪ʼѸٵѰ
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׾ٵõһö飬ǺܿҶȴ¶ʧɫ漴Ĳٳɼץȡ
ĳҶ·һ㲻ϵΧţʱķ󼱴ٵĦڳѧԱѾʼĿɿڴ
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վԶ諶Щͷ۵ĸԴ˵Ҷµֶθ޷ΧжȻҲֹͣԼĽŲ
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ҲôоģȻܹҶ˵żǺĺܰ
Χ˵ı仯ҶںΪҪ֮һεҪȥһööϢõ֣еϢȴҪġ
Щ̲صļʵ̫ӴˣҶʵǿ󣬼֮ض䣬ȴҲ޷ʱ㶨֮䡣
ܿԴѾʹ
쵰ʵ̫ˣڸ޷ȫգĳ̶ȿȥյĻҪʱ䣬ҵȲ𰡡
Ҷȭͷݺݵ
ȵȣ
ҶԺͻȻ˸һĨ⣬һֲ²ԺУ
˵Էһ֮һоˣȻп϶˴һ֮˵ӵĻȻоԵĿԴһ֮еĲѰԱġ
뵽Щ֮ҶҲʼ¶һ˿滺漴忪ʼٵĳΧ
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ʱҶ֮ͻȻоһö״̬൱ĹأԼ֮֮󣬶ԷȻԷɿĽգҲ
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һԾ˸֮ҶҲ¶һĨЦ⣺



302 Ԩ֮ˮ
סöһ˲Ҷϱо˴дǿҵ겨ζȻɵеϢ֮Ҷ֪ԼĶˣϢٵ֮ҶҲɻصС
Ҷ뿪ıӰ˲ųһڳϾԷֲΪʵѾôܵصĴˡ
뿴ԼһൽĲȥ׽öһöһöδɹҶȴһֱһöֲʵЩ󰡡
̬뿪ˡ
ɲ̲סʼҧгݵ˵
ɲٳִֿڵļһﶼʼ˴ֿڣȻҶľٶѾŭԹˡ
Ԩ֮ˮΪĺڰ֮۶ɵĿ´ڣ弴Ǵһ㶼㹻ȫĻΪԴ֮Ȼ󱻺ڰɵԨ֮ˮȴҲΪ֮һͨʱĲоԵʵŷ޵һմǰĴȴ㹻൱ݵʱн̵һĳ̶ȣͨ෢κεһǼɢڽӴ֮󣬶óеǳ˿κԨ֮ˮʮΣԶԶ޷ϣκκΡ
ҶеõΪмֵһμ䣬μжԷԨ֮ˮ൱Ƴ磬뵽Ԩ֮ˮȻԶԻɢ궼൱޴ĹãҶ֪ԼĶˡ
Ԩ֮ˮ
ҶҪˣѾԼļнԨ֮ˮ˵˳Ԩ֮ˮǴӺεصõģʲôƻõԨ֮ˮĹεĶδ͡
ͺǸһԭʼһöԭӵȴֻ˵Էǿֻδᣬһöԭӵûа취ʹúͼʲô
װĿɿڴĿԼǸոհװõţϵļⶼʼ鴤ҧгݵĶҶץŶԷĲӺ
ţ֪ţѾľͲе𣿡
ȿȿȡͷĻΨһŮɾҪˡ
ϱʲôȻҪŮ
Ŀɿڴǿĸִʱûһ˿ֵ̬෴ǴܵӺ͵Ʀåûʲô
Ԩ֮ˮֵģ
Ԩ֮ˮĸ֮ǰװϿʼȻ˵ĸ൱ļɵ
У
Сӷɣ
װɵ˵
ҶԵĶŶԷһ˫µе޾ļ㣬װ̫ˣǷһֲĿĲݵ񣬴ֻ֣ǷӾǿµ˲ţҶȻںߡ
Ѿ
Ҷɵ˵
Ѿûκε赲סҡ
װŭٴεĲϣ̲סĶҶе
ӣӣأô죿ǸطȥģеΣճ̶ȼҶоԵİգɵİնûУΪԽ뵽ûΪӣӣѵ˵ҪΪػѣ
Ҷ첻Ľе
ιͷⲻǳĵѵ˵˾һ𣿡
ͷ㾹ȻҽͷҪɱ㣬쵰Ϸô˵үү㾹Ȼƺң
ٴεĳ鴤ǰڿʼ˵Ʀս״̬ļһ漴εĹţս
ô϶Լû𣿡
װഭŴʵʱ嶼ڵϿǽڡ
϶ģȻ֪Ԩ֮ˮҲʹطһ˿֪ģȻ˵ĻҲԴĵطҵеϢģΪ㲻˵ҾͲ֪ԼĵƣһζѧԺĻҵʵҲﲻߵĲΣ˵͵ҳȥһΣ
װε˵
Ԩ֮ˮԨħеĲһƬط˵ǧǰһϹս֮ʱγɵĿµط˵˲ڿʼʱ˫Ļսǵ󣬾Ȼγһֲֿɱ¾ǻˣǷ໥ɱֵܡӡʦͽκεһеĹϵδһˣݣôµһɱ¾ɺĳ棬γνԨħ˵һֿµħԣûܹдĲֻͼʦʦǿߡʼţ㻹ΪԼܹ߳ȥԨ֮ˮеһϪУҲڿµޣʵȥ˼ֱ㻹Ҫȥ𣿡
Ҷ쵭Ц
ηѪſʢ޵УſǿʢǿпܳΪǿ
һǿͻȻҶϱŷƮƮҶԽԽǿ󣬼Ѿﵽǿ̶ȣװȴĸоһǰδеѹһַĵѹ
ðɣ˽ˣСӣϷɲǰΪҵŮ֮·ƣӲҪҵŮһжѻܹϷ㱣֤𣿡
Ҷ쵭˵
ҾҲġ
˵Ҷ˫ĿѾǰδеļᶨ
ӣӣȥ˵
ҶЦ˵
¾ͻˣɰɡ
װε˵
ðɣǾ˵Ǵ˽ˡ
Ҷ˵ͷת뿪ҶıӰװ̾Ϣ
ԨħһĴڣСһҪ
Ȼ˵ڿʼʱҶѾɣǵŰӣʱҶȴԼѾʼ
һҪȥ𣿡
ӣҶ죬ƺҪҶ쿴һ㡣
Ҷεĵ˵ͷ漴§סǰŶԷϴ֮Ц˵
İɣҺܿͻϻģϾһŮء
ӣûĵһۣ
ߣĸˣԣСɫǾȻռҵıˣӦýҽ㡣
ҶסԷԼŰУζ˵
ռˣƺϵıҶռˣѵ˵ʲôطҲ֪𣿡
ҶָڶԷΰḧ
оҶֵĴ֣ӣһû˵
֪۸ҡ

ҶЦ֮󣬳˲Žǰӣٵıˡ
ƺΪܳʱ䲻ܹԵʣһյʱǵʵҶһǿζ
˳˯İӣҶ˵
ӣӣİɣһģһ
ƺǸоҶǷĵӣĽ΢΢Ķһ±סǸİ壬ϵһ˿ЦԵ
ų˯𽥻ɢӣҶᶨ˵
ʦһҪס


303 ֮ɽ
һصɽȣɽȵΧǸߴɽ룬㶾Ⱥ໥ߣʱķµ˻
Уɽȴ·û˿ܵӻӰһ㣬֮ʱķɽ֮ļ紺һƬϢ
ɽȵһУһӵУȺɽʵһ˸оһֵǾ͵ĻУͻȻȴȻķһֲЦͼ
ôƤôظԲ̵ͦΡһĸŮˣҿ׽Ǻε֮ð
ǲбЦУһݵʬ屻ݺݵ˦˳ȥſֲб쳹
ߣΪұҵǰԼ𣿸Ļ쵰µŮһǻˡ
һֻֿ
һֻɫצֲ
ڣһλĸߴһźŰ֮ɫĿǰŮһ˸âİɫͫײʱ˸ݽթĹ
˲ǱҶ֮˶ӵĽ׽ֻ˭
ǰֺͳӡŭ֮ɫŮڶһǰĿ׽
ŮһλӣȻһɫװȹµĽȴ޷ڸסԷ͹µΡ
һŮȻ䲻ȴһʱһĸŮԵø޾ࡣǹصŮȻû˿ĵӣ෴еֻ޾ɱͿֲޱȵɷ·ŮΪӦɱ¾ġ
㡭ǷǾģȴɱ
ž
һǶݺݵشϣǿĴĺݺݵЦ
ӵһܵļһ㻹δԹζɣҺɡ
ͻȻʱУȻðһֲĽһĳ֣׽ɫʱһ䣬ϰȻԸо⽣̲صĿֲԷܵʱҲĶһĮŮе
ѩܣܳȥһҪܳȥ
һǹأȻѹſ׽ڶʱ֮޷ĶŮ˫Ŀ˸һĨһ֮Ҳͣٵȥ
쵰
ΪѩŮܳȥ֮󣬿׽Ҳ漴ƿһ
ܺãɽܶȫķյģǸС椸ܲҵƣߣˣȻֶΣôʰ㡣
˵ȹѵУǿֲĿЦŮʹڴʱʼԽ
Ҷ졭Ҷ졭һҪȥȥɱϹΣŮˣҵŰɣҿ׽һҪдģѩҵİ׳ǣƾǿĹȻȥװ׵ıҿ׽춼ڰңŮˣоҵĹΰǲǱɷǿĺܰ
ǿЦУȥ˰Сʱʱ֮һӰѸٵĴмһѾŮʬ塣
Ůӵ϶ѪȻǱģǿ׽ȴûз⸽һ˫ɺɫһĶſ׽ԶȥӰɺ˵ıͿ¡
ѣ
죡
һλΪʿǿµһ仰һ仰Ҳ֮ɽĸߴվ
֮ɽ
½гɽ˶ԷһվޱȵĴɽ֮⣬Ƿ羰Ҳ޷ָһ֣ܹʹΪһɽȴΪʿԵʣʿһصĿ֮ˣȴİʱΪһĿǿߡ
һ֮սʮλǿߣλǿߣվǿֶʤ뿪Ӵ½֮ʿ㻰ǿеĴʧؼ䡣
˵֮ɾʼǿߣҲ˵ɽжﵽۼǻдֱս߲Ρ
ЩչֻǴ˵֮ɽȴҲΪ½еɽ
Ȼ˵ĻʮֵվȴΪһǿ߷緶ѡС
ҲΪܹǿĴɽеõһ˿̶ɾԼ֮·
ٵĴٹҲѡڸ߼޵ıװһBȻЩͬ˵ɪһ¡
ⲻ߶һλźɫ۵İԵøͨȴָע⡣
һɫĳ۽ԼİԴϺͳһñҲס˸޷ݺԱ𿴳Ǵдһ˿ͦϢԷӦһӡ
ⷬȷʵˣֻǶԷϵһֻѩĳȴʵĿɰĺܣֻſڼϲʱҡԼǷ·ʨһԴһԱɫ۾ǲʱķµĹâ౵Ľ൱ע⡣
˵ҲǺ֮Ҷֻ˭
ڸӣԼλֵ֮ҶҲҶȥ鼱Ҵҵı㳯ԨħȥϵϻҶѾ֮·ˣǿϻֱҶ˷ֶԷٶ֮֮⻹δҵκεһǿĵط
ǷĻȴҲ㹻Ϊ֮۲ˣΪǰ˵Ҷ첻׵չʾԼϻ
Ͼ½ǿ߹ڵӴǱĳаǿ߸ϵĻҶҿ϶ùľԼҶһ㶼ѡڰϢҹ·
ǰ֮ɽһλΪǵĳУҶҲﲹһЩʳ⼸յʱһֱûкĳһٵҲʵҶЩ
֮ɽ֮ҶȴѾʼԵľ֮ɽ֮֮һֽߣָ˴ʥȴСǱʥеĹҶ൱ԼʵǱע⵽Ļ϶˵ùȻһֱԼĿʾˡ
ڱһ·ЩŮûȵԼɦŪ˵С֮Ҷ췢ԼѾĺķųǸѡ
֮һ·ˣֻҪٹյʱ㹻ĵԨħˡԨħ֪ǲǺϼһ˵һ¡
ҶаԵļ˵
ڳվ֮ɽҶǰȴƽûʲôһ̵ĴҶƻʵӰͳ˴󲿷ֵˡ
ιǴɫ۵ļһվס
һ߰дŰҶĶߣ֮Ҷ˫Ŀ΢΢ȴδᡣ
ˢ
ʮλɫ׵޷ɿΧסҶ죬ȻǲҶʹ˵뿪
ߡСվס𣿡
˵ֻһװλһСͷĽͣϵĻƵУһֲֻľ쳤ֻ̬µޱȣһԳֳâ״ͫ˸ſֲζȻֻһΣȴеζ̵Ȼ֮˲Ƿˡ
ܹеȻҲѰĴ֮ˡ
һλɫװŮĸ߰ŭ֮ɫ߽ڿŮ֮󣬲ٵ۾ʼ΢΢˸
ڿҶʱ򣬷Ǵһֻ򱯰ɫƺҶѾǵ鷳һ㡣
һֲĺɫһһٵĳҶϳ˹ȥ
ȻҵĻҲı΢֮ˣ


304 
ҶüͷѾԷԼ˭֪ȴѡ׵ĳ֣Ǵǿֲ˺㹻ĿĳһȥĻͨ˵Ļ㹻һӸ޵ĻҲǻܵС˺
ž
΢Уһֻѩεץסһǳޣ˳Ƶһһɡ
Ǽ򵥵һַֽҶȴ㹻ӳֻŮ·Ƕߵķһź浹˹ȥ

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ȻŮ溿ǰС˰ɡ
ǰϧˣȻ溿˼ϵֻˣԷʵȻпû˵ȥ溿ģû֪ĻûΪιǣ
ꡭ԰ɣǿȥ˽ģ׵ĲҪ۳飬ûᱻɱġ
ԶԶԣȷʵˣлѡ
֪ͺãԺǧļסˡ
Ҷ˫Ŀ΢΢ǰŮ
һɫװĻ˿ߺ·һĻԶԶĿȥˮһ㣬ʵԵûĺܣŮ俴ȥҲʮ߰ӡ
һſȥΪ׵ҲżɫҶ˭Ůӵ˫ǾɫĲν溿ȻҲһλɫ֮ˣǺҶŮӵȴ˲ֻһ⣬ֱǳµĶԱȡ
ߵһλֿٵĵס֮溿û˵ĵڵϣһֱΪֻһŮȻĳ̶ֳҲǺǻǵһ簮ĳ̶ȣҲ溿һֱǽĺܣ˵û˸ȥ뵽гһջܵ
㡭㾹ȻԴҿǲ˰ɣ
΢΢һν溿ҶеЩоЦõһҶȻʥһλССĿ˵Ľѵ˵´λ֪Ļһεȵݣ
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˼ҶҲʼ΢΢ĿڣΧѾгûκεĵ֮ɫԷʵʿĳ̶ȣλν溿ʵǲ߼̶ȣʵĺҶʲôѹ
ʲô𣿡
溿ƺЦһ㣬Ц
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΢΢üͷҶȻ˵£ȴ£ĻҲʥϴһͨ
ߣΣ߲ΪʹΪǿȨѹƣССĿҲó
ҶԽԽ󣬶ʱ֮ɽ涼Ҷ
ˡһ𣿡
ڳΧʱѾſ˼ޣ޷Ҷ쾹Ȼ˵һλһǵķΧУһ֪ĻǽҲֻһŭޱߵŭ
ҿİɣȻ˵ңܺãձ֪е
Ϊһ缴ݵʱͻȻһ˵Ͽմ˳һֻɫƴС˸ŹζСɿĴмڿ溿֮󣬶Է·ǷĿһ㣬Ѹٵĳ߷ȥ
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Ϊ³ͻȻе˶û뵽Ҷʹ뿪ڶԷӰ𽥵ʧ֮溿Ŵļ
Ҫȥ׷ʱ򣬵ȴٴεĿһеֻֽúݺݵضż£һǳɫ۾˸ŷĲпɱ⣺
ߣܺãֻҪ㻹УͻҵģŰɡ
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˵ҶĽŲȴûͣЪ෴Ǳ൱Ѹͣ˷·ǻһΧֻǸоԼһĲȥȥȴķֲʲôˡ
Խ֮ɽνˣҶǸ溿ŮڵĵطȻҪӵľһЩˡ
κСһεȥοԷǲȥڤ䣬ҶʵЩͷۣԷǿɰӼǸ溿Ե̵ֶκͨϢʵЩ鷳
ðɣȻɣֻҪ㲻鷳ĻϾ뿪
ǿǸո̫ҶоһʵЩ
ǣ
֮ɽԼʮصĽų̣ƾǿָص㣬Ҷ糾͵еʱҲǹȥһʮҵʱ䡣
ǱҶڵҪܶ࣬ռǧĵطҲڱȽϲĳˣҲȡڳеƿһλԵʡ
֮վʮλֱֳеĻȻﳣµļˣ˵ʱǸںֻ໥ĽţҶһö֮󣬱˽ȥ
Լ뿪һӵʱ֮Զ溿ĽҲɿĸˣӵĳ֮ΧѸٵĳ೷ЩԭĵĻҲ¶һ̬Ȼ溿ͷʵǹЩ
ͣ
ڽӾҪŵ˲䣬溿洫˳
֮λɫɵһ䡭


305 
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æ˹ȥһ˵
˵Ƿһλſһֻѩɫһɫ۵ļһ
΢΢˼һ£Ǹղһֱע⵽
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һֻƴǽݺݵ˶Էϣı㴫һİ
˶Ҫкã
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ˣСȡǷѵʱ򿴵һˣǶԷΪסԴ˵Էʲôӣ
Ҿ֪Ҿ֪ԶԷĽų̾Իʱϵģܺãǳŵӳ
һʱ˵¶˼ɫмޱȵĶ溿
лʹ͡
ߣ㣬²ǻ´εĻҲҪطˡ
˵Ҳûӳֱͨϲ̬һ֮ٵĽˡ
뵽ԼȻΪûпһһ˳ӳְλλ֮ɫֱ޷ˣжҶҲʼԹΪĻԼҲܾʹ˵ĳְ
һҶȻǲ֪ģӵĲԼոյĽбѾ˸ˡ
˳֮Ҷе龰ǾȣΪĻȻ˷٣Ȼľ÷չ൱Ҳڹһס
Ҷȴ֪ǵʱɲӵģȫΪ֮ĲƸǿ󾭹ʥϵ֧֮ŴﵽЧġ
ʹһ㣬Ҷ޲ϾǱҪǿĵطȻ˵㲻ǱȱȽǣȴҲ洦ɼʿǿ߲࣬ҲĳЩƵڵĵز
ʦǿ߸ûмһȻ֮Ϊ˼ʵɢ֤ǰᡣ
ȻϱȽϷ٣˵Ļ޵Ǵ˵ʥֻǿߣûǿڣǿߵĴһֱҴܣʥ׵Ҳǵһ㡣
ȻǰգҶҲֵ˷һλᣬȻҶȻҪĹһΣеĻ൱ԡ
ڽ˳֮ǰһֵѾԽԽֵǳƬĵ̡
Сҩġʳȵȵķӵ̲
Ų߽һҩĵ֮Ҷ㱻һλӸע⵽ˣӵװԷȻ̵ĸˣֵһ˵ںܶʱ޵һҪ٣ΪǼһһ䣬˵ҲЩһ˫۾
Ҷ뵽ʱ㿪ʼ˫ĿŹҶȻԵЩӣһغͳȴѸٵĲ׽ˣ˼æӭҶ칧Ц
λĺܣǵһǵ̰ɡ
ҶԲĿ˶Էһۣ漴˵ͷ˵
뿴ҩġ
ҩĶֳ֮ɫ΢΢һ䣬ǵҩҩ˫ӪģΪҶҪҩģҶȴ˵ǹҩģǶԷݡ
뵽һֿ֮Խ
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ЩҩļҶҪҵҪķѲٵʱ䣬ЩҩĵĻҶаһЩ߼ҩģϹŻҩĵƺȻǲͬġ
ҿһµģҶ컹ǿһҩıȴ޷ʩչ
ЩЩЩҺİˡʲô¥Ҫסꡣ
ҶɵľͽЩֵƵҩĸˣ˫ĿҪðˣҶҪ᲻չˣ漴ıһλԵıŮװŮԸ˼֮󣬶Ҷ칧˵
ˣǱҩʦĻȽϵϤһȥΣ
ҶȻܾ˵˵ͷͬ顣
ҶǴٹٵޣϻдһصĲȻںǮƣ˵ʱǽӽǧöҳ̶ȻЩȣȴڽܵķΧУ֪ȻлһЩȴҲȽϹ
ŮҲŶԷʹһɫҶ첻ʲôȻ֮è壬Ҳȥơ
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306 Сؤ
ҶĿŮĿ໥ľһ𣬶ԷƺǸҶǳ޷ӵѾһǿĶҶ죬嶼ʼȴɵû˿õ˼
ߺߣ˼Сһ
ҶаԵЦȻԷϲһҳҶ֮ȴǸоԷ־˵
ôˣΪʲôǸСؤһĿѵ˵˼һһСؤ𣿡
ԸΪĳζѣȻǶҶΪΪĲ
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ʱ磬Լŵҵʱ䣬ܹԾƵ˲Ǻܶ࣬ϾûеԷʱ䣬ǼɿԿóǺܲ
ܿҶļµֺò˱㱻ĺͺԸһ֮Ҳ֪ǶԷı쾪ػԸǲоһ¶ǺԸһŷ۵ѾƣȥҲƾյĵ̬
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ѵ˵ǰһ䲻𣿺ߣǸãٶͲŸ㲻һСëˡ
Ҷ΢΢ЦЦȻ˵
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仰ԸоԼʤƽѾʼĳԼˣָҶƣĴת˵
СŮӿŴ찡һһЩ顣
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Ҷ΢΢Ц
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ˣûŶʲô֪ңѵ˵Ĳ𣿡
ͻȻʱǼϵС̲סĳźԸŭһȻڿŮԽˬϾ˾ͽϲһŮˣǰӣҲͰˣÿ͸óԵģȻͽˣԸСԽԽ̲סĴ

Ը뵽ȥһСһ˵ĿֲɢƼֱҪϢһ㣬ֲӳϣʧɫвɵþѡ
СһȣҶε˵
˼Сײϲˣ˵һԼסĺá
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TMDӾˣôôùأԭΪСֵԵʣ֣һؤ񣬷͵ġ
׳λڰοŶԷǶ䵽ϵСؤû˿⣬һؤȻ㲻ʲô
⼸ҶƺöԷЩ죬һ²Էƺסֵ֮ǸһﻹĶӳš
ֵȷʵӳǰڵһ֮ͨȥСؤ鷳ҲȫΪСؤϾȻ¶һöƷ൱õһʱһŶаǿеĶöɫӡ
ǡҵģң
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Էֲֿעţ۷ʵȻ޷һʱʱʼ߳ŭ̲סĺ
TMDʲô𣿡
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ӴӴӴⲻʲôˡ
Ԫ᲻֪ʲôطð˳ǰһЦ˵
αغһСؤŭأ㿴ɱһСؤ㲻ʲôǴӿɾͲֵǰɣ¥ϵ롣
ҶаԵͷԪȻڿʼʱֺԼڿԷĻǲģΪǿߺе˻Ǻټ
ľһƥĳ֣Ȼ泩˲٣ǺװBĽеĳǾʱСؤȴǿޱȵĶ˵
ңĸҵ

Сؤ㲻ʶ̧ŭٴεĺ
¼֮ҲĸףпҲһɧˣ
ĺȻγһ˿ʵʴؤϴ˳Ŀһ֮ļе
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307 
һֻƣ
ѩָ޳
˵һָֻǾǰĺܣһֻȴεؼסһ
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ҶüɷȻķɢʱڷӦ˹ԷһλޣҲ赭дб㽫ԼסˣԷʵԵıԼǿĶ࣬ǿѾﵽʿĵز
ʿǿ߸СС߿Գܵģ˼æķ˵
ˡ˿ţСһʱͿδ뵽˵飬ˡСһΣ´Σ´ξԵĲˡ
ȴѾʼޱԹ𶾼ΪǵһֱӵĽеƿǵĹϽȻ˵ְ󣬵ǵλȴ൱ĹأϾ򹷿ˣˣƿǵɫҲǲÿģڵѾʼڿεȥԼ˾Ӧ顣
ߡ쵰˭ֻҪУǵСҲԲ˶ߵġ
ҶȻ֪Է뷨ǴӶԷص˸ȴҲ²⵽еζɱԷĻǾԵĻ˵С鷳ģԼûʱȥЩ飬µʱ䣬Լʦֻܹµʱ䣬ʱûеõԨ֮ˮĻĽֻһɢ
ԼҪһ׵ҶȴǿеĽеɱĶסˣָһɣʱҲݺݵˤ˵ϡ
һҷ֣ߺߡҽɱ㡣
һֲֿ֮ɱȻ㹻סԷˡ
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һѾʼҶĿģȻԷղų־ȻֻΪǸСؤ뵽ԼȻΪһؤװ׵İһٴ򣬶ʱ͵͵Ѫͫؤʱ۾Ҳʼ¶һĨԹɱ⡣
ߡ
һͻȻĳһĶߣһ֮Ƿ·ͬըһ̬ѾʼĲһĨѪҺĴӶԷ
ʱѾӿ˰ı仯һ㹻ԼλѾԽ־ǰصļһˣ漴ΪԼ룬Ҵ⣬æǿеסϵľʹöͳݸҶ졣
ڼλͬĲ¿ٵ뿪
ˣαصĺһʶ
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ҶȻ׶Է˼ﵭ˵
ΪмµĻҸĲŹˣߣ˵Ĺ֮ɱ˶֡
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ŵСһȻǷƷһСؤǲҪ޼ɵ¶ûܻܿɱ֮ġ
ٵĽӹ֮СؤȴûжֻһΪ֮ӵɺضҶ졣
Ǻǡ˰ɣһԷȥ
ҶԷһŵĺںЦŶ˵
Сؤ¶һĨ䱸ƺ뵽ʲôڿҶпʼЩ׽˼һ֮󣬾ȻԪǾȵиҶǰ
˺αȥһСؤĸԵľͺˡ
ԸȻǶСؤԼҶܽӴĻʼڻ˵ҲٲȻҶһ㣬ʵЩָӵ̬
Ҷüͷ漴ͳһǮҽ˺Ըе˵
ˣ㻹ȥɣµĻһȥġ
ˡ
ԸŷӦ˹ԼЩԣ漴ȴǰһǮҸˣΪһǮҴ򽻵ˣԸǱ۾ҲԸоǮҵķײǽҵҲʮöӡ
ЩҵҪĻܸſܹģһ̰ȴӺԸ˳ҶĳѾ˺Ը̰һˮζϢ㹻ô󲿷ֵ˶иڻˡ
ͼĹŮ˾ȻĹѹء
Ҷ΢΢һ漴İЦȴĮ˵
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⻰Ѿ͸ûʲôˣڵĺԸоҶһĶ֮ˣҪлø棬һʱһ˫۾ԵԽ
ͼҪҵǰչʾˣϡ
Įдһֿ¶ص·֮Ϣһ˲Ը˫ĿþʱĸоǰصӸԼ˿ԼԦ˵ģӵĲκ˿ȥƿصġ
һĨߴСؤСϻһƺЦ
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԰ɣ
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΢΢ĿһҶ죬Է̶ٵĳСؤȻҶһԷԪҲ¶˲ɫ漴Ц˵
Ĵʺ񰡣СؤʳﶼҪʵǺʹԵ
䲻Ƴ֮ʣƺǴҶڶԷһ㡣
죿
˵ĶԻ֮СؤͻȻе꣬һɺ춢Ҷһ
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޷ƹȥɡ
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죡
СؤظŸղŵĻйһ㣬˲ö
Ǻǡǰҵȷʵ죬ôʲô𣿡
СؤɺһĨأ
ʶһп׽𣿡
Ҷ˫Ŀ


308 ѩѪ꣡
ʶǿ׽
Ȼ˵Ҷûö˫ĿȴѰ֮˿ԵģǰصСؤ˵ƺǶҶ˿ûȥоӣСڵĳŷ˵ʱŵĶʵҶЩѪĳ嶯
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ǰҶһ¶˶СؤԵøͶԵҲһĵĿʼСһˡ
СƺǶСؤ൱ĺ棬ûųӣҲʱǶԱͫŶԷȥ
ƺ׼Ҷһ㣬Сؤڵľ׽ʳȴв˵
ѾϵζܵĺҲӵġ
ҶͻȻĸоԼԴЩʹԷ֪Լݣ֪׽Լȴ֪Էʲô·׽ˣˣǶԷΪʲôһҪԼأ
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ֺŵķȻһ˿Ծסģܴƽ׵ĳ̶ȣʩҲ൱Ļ󣬱ǰҶЩνǼͳ׷ҲǲѶã
һƬľ´иӿȥ㹻ĿٵĽҶҪȥϸϸĿȥʱͻȻһϴˢķд˳
Ҷɫһ䣬ʱǸСؤϴˢλɫеȵŮһί˳̬ѵľһ˸ȦȦһӡ
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ˣ޷ΪСؤʵ̫ˣһĶңͺĳһ㣬ˣʵ
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ͻȻ洫һ仰ҶԣʱЦ˵
Լϴһ»𣿡
ˢ
ƿˣֻһԹҶǰĶҶ죬ȻǴҶôȥǺɫȴԼĿԿһĨΡ
Ҷ˫ĿһߣȴǱԷעţǾǿ̬ʵЩֲҶʱûˣ̾Ϣһ֮˵
Ů˰鷳
ֻʮ꣬Ůˡ
̬ٴεĳҶϣ뵽˶ԷҲһСöѣҶҲа뷨ѹ漴ǣ˵

ҶСؤ¶һĨصĻߣƺڵЦˣҵиǴһʤĸо
˻ˮҶĿ¿ʼԷɬ۵壬𽥵ıҳסѩ׿ʼ𽥵¶˳
Ȼ˵ֻʮ꣬ô˵ҲһѾʼСŮˣұҶҲСѣһʱŶԷѩɫļʼ΢΢Щʧˣҿ֮ٵĹעһĨҶеһĨʧʼʧкݺݵرԼһ֮󣬲ŻڶԷϴˢ
ˮϵıɻǵˮҶٴεΪ任һˮһ֮󣬶ԷҲʼ͸ղ˽Ȼ̬ͬ
һɫĳ·Ǳɫľһ㣬Ө͸дһֺǶصѩɫƤȻŵ˺ۣҶҲָ𽥵һɬȴѾһ̬ĽҶǰ
Сβ𽥵ĿʼȻ󣬵ȴҲͬһۺɫһΪؼǶԷһžµ˼ķС
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ѩΪҽҽʦǵݣҽʦҩ޲һЩûйȴһ׵ҽμɵĴڣǰѩҵΪϵĸᣬѡ˹Ǹ͵ɽжȹ˰ʱ䣬ÿһʱǱȥһΣȻŮˣºţҳһֱûгȥӳʼұЦΪԸ˵һֱѩ˵ϲǸ״˺ĸ׶ޱȵĹذΪԼһӶɽжȹһģû뵽ڲǰһλֱ۵䵽ɽУѩҵһֱ൱ҵĸ׳־ˣû뵽һεĳȴһĪѣԷѩµһΪѪ󷨡ĹһʱǿռУҽѩȫɱˣҵĸҲԷǿеǰԼصһ½˳ȥҵȥп׽
ޱ˵һУԷ൱ᣬƺûиһ㣬ҶȴоĳСһϢԽı䣬ҲĲڽԵʣԵȥʮѪһ㡣
׽û뵽ĻûСһʲô֡
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Ҷ΢΢̾ϢһѪıȻ֪ѪȻĵģҲ㹻ĿԷеԹǺεȵĿֲ
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Ůѵ˵ôĶСڶ˵ע⣬һ˵Ļǻû񰡡
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һǺɫķɼȴ·һһ㣬ֱӵǧ֮һݺݵ˹ȥ֮һǰ·ǴһŤ̬ȻΪɼ̫ΧĿռ䱻ǿеĴ
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ذƵĺֱӵԽԵѾ˴״̬ĳͷϡ

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漴ıǳ˳ѹƣһȥ׵ĳ̶ȣȴ͵չﵽʮ׵ĳ̶ȡ
Ҷû뵽ԷȻĹأһʱоȻԷסˡ
Ҷȴû˿ĲͰ෴ϵһĨм͹أ

Ҷһͺ֮ͻȻǱסٵ
ԭһֱذߵλȻԼ˫ĿƾȻƾյĳ޾տʼȥ

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ֻǶԷȻǿ󣬿սǰԷȴ˳һֻС
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һŭ֮󣬶ʱȻѸٵĻպȻĳĳȥ


317 ׷ɱ
Ⱥ쵰ĺÿ찡
ҶĽǴԶСٻ֮¶һĨЦɫ
ӿǿ֮߳Ҷ֪ǲˣ뵽⵱ɵ溿Ϊм뿪ӣٿͻȻðǿߣҶѾ²⵽еĳЩϵ
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ʱҶѾѪǿеĿ˰أǴС״ϢԷȻǺԼľ벻ʮĳ̶ˡ
Ҷ졭Ǹô죿
ѪϽرţһȴû˿ĵӵζ෴ĴһĨӡ
Է໹ĸСʱ׷ˣߣԨħһհ·̣ƾҵϻٶ㹻һյʱ㶨
Ԩħ½кΣյشѰ֮ˣǿ߽뵽֮󣬶ѵ˵Ҷû˿İܹٷְٵһѪߵĻҶûаܹԷġ
˿ǲҶе뷨ѪһʱѾʼЩ
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ҶͻȻľʲôһ㣬漴֮ٵĲ
ʱ֮Ҷ˵ʵЩǿղǿеıըԶҶѾ˲С˺
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Ѫһüëû˵Ȼʱ뿪Ҷ졣
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
ذƵ¶˷Ťɫǰʬ壬жҪʼЩ˶ԼڵˣΪеţذƴСչֳ˳һȵһ棬Ƿٶȣµڽ֮ܵ˳޷Ĵһ㹻ԺܹԼŷӳǿõţκεһ˵ޱȵԴ
ΪܹصĴذȻеϼһǿνǾȫҩҩϺõĹԵʹȨ
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һӵʧȥذƵεĲŭ
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ڵıĿϼһذƵɲ˿Ĵ⡣

սϵüͷ΢΢ȻеĸоɲǱôƽ
ͨϴεĽ֣ȻԷһصļһҴĻֻһкôҲлôһټĻһֻķݣǻҲԣǴԷڰһСģǵùĻǡΪؼһϷһﾹȻĳʼǰ˵ǸطĻ൱صġ
ذƺܿ뵽սϵ˼̲סüͷ˵
ս˵ѵԨħ
սĵ˵ͷ
ԨħҲֻǸطϷΪ֮ӵĵطҼȱʼۼǿ߶Сӵķƺ൱Ľӽ
һ֮ڳ޲ʼΪ֮ɫݺݵر仯ԨħĵطǶ˵ֱһսء
ߣҪӿ׷ķΧٶˡ
ذƺݺݵ˵һѱ˫Ŀζ
ȴδķ֣ڵĵطԼԶλãһֻɫھԼƨҡβͽضǣһԱɫĿɰ۾з˸ֻ̬
СһﲻС׻˭˶ԷϢ֮ǰ֫ٵǵϺݺݵһ£ǵĳʼУʱһǿҵİ׹ʧ
΢΢ſСѾ˷ܵĳҶ౵Ľ
ҶڵϿٵĹһ֮󣬶ʱڵҲһĺۼЩۼذƵڵλúһƻ
ҶóһöҩС׵￴˷ܵɫҶ΢΢һЦ֮漴¶һĨζ
ߣڵˣǿζ뵽Ҿ߲Զɡ
ڻɱλڳԱʱҶҲǵõԼҪϢҶδ뵽Լ֮ԻǽȻΪ溿Ůˡ
뵽Щ֮ҶʵЩƣԵĻǻôģǵˣǾԲ׷Źġ
ڵ˵ӣڵҶڰ֮Ҳ൱Եġ
ɵ߽һɽУҶֵĿʼһ֮㿪ʼ΢΢ıĿȻ˵ǹȥ˰յʱ䣬ʱҶĵľȴ١
ϾҪһλǿߣҶڵĳ̶ȶԵĻʵЩĲ
ͻȻʱռȴȻĿʼģһĪѹʼȻĳɽйΧɳʯϵĳɽķʼѹ
ǡ
Ҷɫʱһ䣬ʱһݵȴĴ˳
Сӣû뵽ɣ
֮ҶɫȻ൱ΪǷǸΪսϵǿߵ
СǲƭģԭֻһԷڿʼʱ֪С׵Ĵڣ˳С׵·ҵԼ
ߡ
ҶٵĻ漴һɫĹâʼ˹ȥ
ܵ𣿡
һĨдǿĵͻȻĴнһĳ֣ΧĿռʱҲһĲϵĳʼѸٵķ
ֻһλŻ۵ģһѸٵĴǰг֡
ذƣٴεˣ


318 ƴˣ

Ҷŭȵ˫ֻȭٵĳմȥһȦȦɫâֱϿʼתһâĳ֣ǰȭͷʱٴ׳һĳ̶ȡ

𡭡
ֲͻĳֱӵӭӵ˶Էһ⣬Ĵ羢ǺĿʼŶԷϴ˹ȥ
һеصֻҪԽǿǵӵԽֲڵҶѾʹһнӽ¯ĳ̶ˣȻǲҪͶԷϻ
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սȻҶʵȴ¶ԷоĳҶĹȻأڵȼȴֻʦϢһʦĴھȻܹһλǿ߻ǻˣսϵεĲȡ
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͡
ҶǰȻĸоһֲϢϮһ֮£ǰȴѾȻĶһɫӰ
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뵽Ҷ㹻ƿ޻Ľʱսϵ忪ʼ΢΢һ漴ȻĴ߶˼ޣ

ǿѾʼ뵽޽Ĵڣŭеǿﵽ˿µĳ̶ȣҶʵ˵ĺܣȴҲ޷ֲ
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һʦĳ̶ȱ㹻Ӱ쵽ԼԷʵǿһЩأս޷󣬿еһƬĺɫϣս漴ĳҶ쿴˹ȥ
ۡ
һѪ̲סĴҶ˳
ʲô
ڳɫı仯ΪǵǰȻһޱ꣬۵㹻ڳǷ׷һĺԱ
սѾǻ꣬Ǽʶ㣬ʵˣȴɵδ뵽Ҷ쾹Ȼ˵ᡣ
ᡢʶԺչĴҶȴֻʮӣκ˶޷ģһ̶ֻȵΪԺĳ̶Ⱦ޷ġ
ɱ⿪ʼ˵ذƸˣһʱΪԼﵽĳ̶Ѿ൱ˣȴδ뵽ԷȻԼӵĿ£
εһﲻû
սҲûıһҲֻ˶ˣһҶ㹻ʱ䣬޷Ƿܹܵסв

սϺذŭ
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˵ǰҶ켴Ҳ㹻԰ˡ
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ذƺսĺȵ
ˣСˣ
ڳڵǷ׷׵
ǰһλǿΧĻκεһ޶мܵĸӲҪ˵һλֻﵽʦ̶ȵҶˡ
һ޴ĳǧ׵ĳ̶ȣȴ·ͻأޱȳؼһ㣬ԼĿԸоƥĺ
ĺڰ֮ɫĹ㲻˸ϻƣγһ޴ȭͷȭͷָɼԼĿԿһľ޴󲨶ȭͷдطŲϵ֡
ȭͷǿԵıһҪµĺܣȻ˵ֻа׵ĳ̶ȣȴ㹻˸оȭͷ̲صޱѹ
Ҷȴֱӱ˻ϺݺݵץһѵĵҩԼ׽Ĺ̶ʡȥˣŵҩĳ֣ʱеʼ
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Ҷﵭĺȵ
ѹ
ǿѹһ˲ҶƳ׵ĸıˣ
һֱΪ⴩ԽеһԱҶ춼δ˵ƴһһǿߣ˷½ϿҲһǿһƿصĳ̶ȵȴҪΧԼһʦĴڡ
ʵĲҪ
Խ֮ҶһֱѹԼڵȴ׵ıˣ
ӡ

Ѫ۲ϴҶϱŽ߿и˸˵Ѫ
ˡ
һǱ̬𣿡
սʱȸоҶϵֿµѹ̲סһȴǿҶɱģһҶ뿪ĻǺһھԵĿԸԼڴ޷Ŀѡ
ɱɱɱɱ
ǽԼתһֿµĳ̶ȣ
ˡ
ĿռڴԿʼһչ˳
һֻɺдŹϢצӻմϽҶһĺ
쵰ֻҪӲǾ͡ˣ


319 ҳ
һ֣
䡭
ı֮ǧ׳Ŀռ俪ʼķ飬һ޴вϵתǴΧҲʼѹ
һ߰˰׳Ľſֲľʼǰٶ֮⣡
Ҷû˿ı仯߲Яžʮ֮ʼı
˷·һֻһ㣬˲˱һֲľ޴Ǽˣ̲صĿֲЯɨҶļϡ
Ҷ뿪֮ǽʧ֮ضӰ
һսϺʹһĽʺ֮ɫذơ
ӵõǿ졣
սϵϿʼԽпɱӵԣԭΪҶȻʵȴҲһﵽʦ̶ȵСѡ
ʦ޿ԶԿǿ
ǲʵܵ顣
в·ˣ·һҪСӡ
սϵû˿˼
һλǿһλǿߣ˵ϲû˺Ҷ죬෴ǱҶĽǿеĴǵĽ
Сӵ̶ܴԴԼĹˣ˵ҪıǽɱһҪõϵĹֻҪǵõ⹦ߡһ
ǿս˵ҶϵĹ֮ʱҲ̲ס¶̰̬
˵˵ٴεһʧԭ
۵糸
Ҷ廯˵ⲻϵɽпʼ
ԨħʮɽΧһƬĳɽ룬ҲҶ˲ٵ棬ǼҶѸޱȵĳǰ濪ʼߡ

ڵĴϢһεĿʼЩݽߵζǵҩɵľʹҲЩ޷ƿء
ݺݵ³һڴѪĿˮҶɱȻ˸
Ļ쵰Ȼ׷ɱôʱ䣬һξ룬ǸϼһʵʵڲڵҿӲġ
ʱһŭͻȻҶĶ洫˳
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Ҷɫ΢΢һ䣬Ȼû뵽ԷȻѸ٣һĿҶȴһĨ
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ҶһĨ֮ɫĳǹ֮ذƵϽסĿʼ¶һḬ̃ζ˫ֿٵľһȵĳֳҶ˹
һԲдһߵĵٵγɡ
˫΢΢Ȼ˵ذƵһкεȷѾǸԽеԽֵоģδеĺâͬǳһĿʼذƵ
Ļ
ˡ
һ󼱴ٵĲ֮һֲĵȻͬҵһ㿪ʼĳҶ˹ȥĦУȻٵķֳƵ
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ѩǹסԴɺ˫Ŀʱµĺâϵת
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¾ȻķһĳŶԷĵӭȥ
ģ쵰ѵ˵ûпݽߵʱ𣿡
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һ뿪ǹ⣬ͬƿնȥǳһ֮ȻĦһиۼ
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ͻȻʱսȴ͵ĳذƵϺݺݵץ˹û˿ԥһץȥ
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δ׹ذ̲סĽһһ޴ĺȴͷϿʼصֻһֲĽȻĳˡ
һĺɫۣһ޶Ӻ̬
ʲô
սϵͻȻ뵽ʲôһ㣬˵
һӦԭַһĹȴ㹻ƾ㹦ӳһߣɱС֮һҪоһ
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߲֪Ķ㻹ΪԼ˲𣿡
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ƺݺݵһһֻγɵľ޴ҲʼݺݵŶԷĿƿʼ
ɡ
սϵԽеĶ֮һֻƸѸٵĳҶһصӡǣ漴Ц
ˮ֮Σ
һͺ֮ҶȻһȵķԼΧȻȫĸסˡ
ôܣһô˵ǿ󣿡
Ҷд󺧵Ľʱսϵȴ¶˲мɫ
ΪһССʦ̶ȵϿԱ𣿺ߣСӣ
Ļ֮ϵʼıΪؼĻϵֻ޴Ѿʼȫıɼ
ʵ𣿡
Ҷ쿪ʼ˵뷨һԵذƶʼ¶˾ȵɫΪһֱΪԼȻв൫ȴԵĲܶ࣬ȴо˶ԷԼҪǿ̫ˡ
Сӣ㻹ʲô𣿡
սϵ¶èϷһ̬ĿУٲȻƿصζѾʼ˺ǿҵĿ⡣
ϼһĽƺ̫Щ
Ҷǿе˵ϵĵ֮ɫȴڸǵ¶˳

ս΢΢һǻδȵӦȴ͵ķԭһԵҶȻʧˣҲʱһǿƥĲȴ˳
ƣ
תʼ˸üе֮ǽϵ͵͵ĳ̶ȡ
Сң
սϱøѿû뵽Ҷ᳤Ʒߵϳ֣ʮȭĳ̶ȣҲʹ˵ȫԼǾҶȴҲԼҪġ
ҿ֮һǿĳ֣ʱսǴ͵УһɫҶǰ
ϼһҳ


320 ߣ
һ׶ĳ̶ȣɫĹâ˸һĹâսϵɫ΢΢һ䣬ʱԺȴ͵ðһµʡ
Ƿ𣿣
Ӧսϴŭ漴ǽޱȺȵ
ħأħٻϷһ
˵սϵѾһµâҶķʼ˹ȥ
ߡϼһ
սǷ֮ذƵҲɵ¶һĨȺ̰ȴֻεĿʼٻħޡ
ļֵذƺǿ㹻һڲҪﵽʼĳ̶ȱ㹻ķ
ʼУذƶδʼǿߡ
һĺħ޿ʼɿĳҶ뿪ķϷ˹ȥ
ʮֻɢɫľ޴ͬǾһХȥΧĿռΪ׳ĳֶѸٵݡ
Ƶǰ棬һλɫڷ۵糸һĿʼǰѸٵķȥɫ·ǻһĲӰһ㣬ʱΧĿռжʮĿ½
ɳʯ֮䣬µͱѾΧһб޵һƬ
ϼһﻹڵҿС
Ҷ¶һĨ֮ɫǻħȻһʱĲܻصȻ˵ĻҲ˵սϸ޷Լ塣
սϡϻħޣ
͵Ĵһǿĳ֣ʱҶıǾ޴Ļħ޵Ѿ˳ѹѹһƬ޴Ӱʵη
Ҷɫ΢΢һ䣬û뵽ԷôѸ١
ߣСϵķ㲻
Ծϻħ޵սϴһĨ߰ζȻɫˣʵȴѾʼԽһǿȥ㶨һʦСȴҪв㶨֪ĻǼֱһĪ衣
Ҷ챳ϻսϵɱѾԽŨ
ߣõһ̱ڡ
ҶεĲ֪Է˼תʼȫ֮󣬶ʱΧľҲʼԽ
ϼһӹ
ҶıȻԸǷǵȴͺ¶Է뵽һ˵׷ɱһδεĲ뵽ΣյľأʱҶѾԽʢ
ָȻľһҶһ㶯֮ҶϵѾһһĿʼ
оҶϵ仯֮սϵɫʱһ䣬һԵذѾʼԽļҶ죬ϾԼһӣȴ޷ԷһСС꣬һֺεȵ衣
Сӣһ·޾һ㣬̼ıΧԪı仯ҪСĵ㡣
սϵ¶һ֮ɫ˵˵ҲûţȻҶľѾǧ׵ĳ̶ȣǼˣȴɿٵ˫ֵһﵭĺȵ
ǧƻɱ
͡
תһֲľȻӿնѸٵ뵽УһǶĳ֮ս̶С˫Ŀз·һâһ㣬пɲĹ̶ʵĿ¡
ȥ
ȥȥȥȥ
µϵؼת˳һĳ֣һֲĺɫƶҶ棬еĿֲвϵ˸һС͵׵粨
Сʵܹõģ
սǿµϱԽޱȵ̼ĳҶϸǧ׵ľ뿪ʼ˹ȥ
͡
ҶȻһһٰʮȵĴת䣬ϲδκε⣬෴Ǵһ˿ֻ̬
ߺߡ𣿡
˫ۻҵӡϵصϵű֮Ŀ֮ҶҲ¶һĨصЦݣ

û
ϵĻû
ҶʱʼøӵĿ
ʲô
ԼƱѾ൱ǿˣû뵽ҶƾȻĽԼѹ
սϵпʼʱһӿֲҶϱ˳һ㹻ʮ׳̶ȵıɫλӰҶϣһɺսһˣ
ã
ĸ֪Ǻεȵǿ󣬶ҶһѾսϸоǿҵв˫ֿٵ趯
ʮָսУ徹Ȼʱʼҵ
֮ȭطࡪͣ
ȭӰʱ·ŭһ㿪ʼıŷ˳µĻħʱ̲סİǿѾȫı˳
ڸо˶Էϵı仯֮Ҷ쿪ʼоԽǿʵĲԳܵģȻʱԷΪʵʼ˳ͬǰǵһҶĺʼоеĪֲ
һԵĿһֵֻı㽫Լ
ҶпʼԽľΪǿΪ֮ľ̫ңԶĻԷԵĿԽԼһֻ
ҡȥ
̲ݻڶԷʵѾڱԽֲҶȻǲʹ˷ŹᣬеıɫѸٵĳŶԷ
һεıɫδԭıһƺƴ󣬴ʱĳһ˯еħһ㣬ƻʵĳŶԷƮ˹ȥ
ǿµ鷢ˣⳤǰķΧоȻγһɫĺۼ֮γһֲռݣ
𡭡
µĻħѾͨʶеĿЧѾʼϵذǴʱսȴû¶ٵĵӣʱ֮ɫϵĿֲϵıŷУһߴ߰ʮ׵ľ޴ӰȻĳı
ɫĹâ˸һɢŽɫâķӾȻƾյĳˣ
ط࣡
ǿ߾߱ǿ
Ҷδ뵽ԷطྐྵȻһ߾޴ķӣ
ϣ
սϵĺȵŶԷŭǾ޴ķԭüĿӶʱһԿµĻ۴ʱɱ⡣
ߡ
ǧ׵ľߣ
Ҷһŭ֮ԭȻϢĳȴ·һ㣬һ۴ʱѾʼˣ
µ˫Ŀɺɫ˫Ŀ
𡭡
ֲǾ޴ķӶ޷㶨ǷȻԼƳųץȥǾʱҶȴ¶һĨЦݡ
ߡ
սϵ˵һЦ˵ȴı˳

֮ȭ
֮ɫɫɺɫԼɫײһ𡭡
һ޷ƵľǰֱӵĴҶǰһŭ֮ڴʱѾڸǵĿХ
СҪ㣬㣡

һɾ޴ŷ˳ҶҲ̲סĿһѪǱϻȴ͵Ŀʼ˸漴һ̵ĿʼԨħķȥҾߡ


321 ͻƣ
쵰쵰
һŭʱںһ˵ϣĿֲȭӰڴʱѾʼÿһĿռС
ӴƥȭµһδεĳٴεĳȻһı
Բǧ׵ķΧжεؾסһĿʼȥ
һǿޱȵĿʼһһĿռ俪ʼǹѵ̬ɼ
Ͽڻħ޵ذ̲סĵһǰֲ˹·ѽһղսϵĹʵǲ˺ܶࡣ
㷢йһСʱʱ䣬ǧ׵ķΧдʱѾһƬޣսϵʱӷ·һϹħһĿֲһļȫذƵǰԭ̬ȽԵøӿ£һɫϵصĻͬһһ㡣
սϡǸô죿
ⷽԲǧ׵ķΧѾȫı޷ĩ̬֮ذٴһڿˮЩֵ̿˵
ߣСӽԨħȥĿԼΪ㣬Ǳָоһƺǲأ쵰ߵķûˣΪϷʵܵƵĻεĿһСҵߡ
ƺǿذǺӣս̲סЦ˵
ߣʥ֮ǰʥػ߽һ֣û뵽ԷʵȻٴͻƴﵽƷ̶ȵΪϷѷɫ˾˵ʱ޷ӳʵڲȫĻָܹڿʼʱ򷢻ӳҵȫΪĻεĿܱһСˡ
̯Լ֣ĴָʳָȻѾȫʧˣЩ֮սɫʼøѿ뵽ҶղһؼĿֲսϵüͷҲЩ岻ѣ
Сӵʵʵ̫ˣ˭ܹ̳µĵûɰǿҲסģһﵽ˭Ȼ˵ҵʵڿʼʱѹסˣǶԷʦ̶ȴ㹻ĿʤذСˡ
ָ˿Լµĺϵļսϵüͷɵýڽ֮ȻδҪεȿֲĳ̶Ȱ
ǰһɫɽǿ̲סĵһ̲סߵ
ԨħǺεȵĿֲСΪʲôأ
ܳһʱ֮սϲ΢΢һ֮ת뿪˵ذȴ֪һɲΪҶ쵣ǣҶϵķ
ϾпûзȺıһᣬȴΪʵ޷ӳĳ̶ȵδõĻҲŭƵġ

ڵĴϢҶﴫ˳Ҳ¶һĨ֮ɫʱҶȫļⶼʼ鴤һĳʱ򶼳ΪƬǳԹ沼˴Ƭ˺ۣѪȻѾֹͣʣһµ˺ȴѾ㹻һִĿĵĸо
óһƿǧʯҶҲûıһڵ˽ȥʼƣϵľʹҲʼļ˲١
뵽˸ղһײҶȻ֪ԼʵЩ˵㣬ڽ뵽ͷ֮ʱȻо˶ԷƾȻȻӣǱķӸһĵزָı˲ı˶սΣҶ弴Ǹǧ׵ľ붼㹻ĸоֲֿѹ
ǿĸԼϻҶĿʼԼٶȿ١
ǿеĽԼ忪ʼҶҧгݵҵʹĿʼĵϢ
һϸ΢ĿʼҶľС
תľҪϵؿʼ˸ҶԺУǽ˾еǧʯҲʼҶÿһ缡̲صĴ֮кıҶ塣
Ϲ湦ġתʱ򷢻ӵøǿͻȻʱһǿҵʼҶ쳹
Ȼʱѡͻƣ
Ҷϱ൱Ļ
ͻƵϢѾʼԽҪѹƶ޷ıʲô
ǿϴµĲҶʼѸٵһ֮أָ糤ƬƬĵӰ˸Уһ˳̶ȵĶѨҶǰ
ʦҪ𣿡
ҶϼЦ
ʼУһĨĲҲɢ˳ΧǸоҶһ㿪ʼ΢΢Ĳ֮ѸٵĻһƵľʼ뵽ҶС
ͻƲһһεͼƬȻЩɬ
һ仯ҶͿǵˣͻʦʱҶ㷢ҪͻƵµĳ̶úķѵǺεȵĿֲ
Ƕһһʱдͨʦ̶ȵҶ˵ͼͳ̶ȸѰ˿ĵģҲˣʱ൱ġ
СĵԼľÿһƵʼ۵˵
Ĵ濪ʼһϵ֮󣬶ʱҶҲʼžȻڵҶһѾʼЩ
ĵеʼԽԽ࣬һĳ̶ҲʼԽǿҪͻƵʦĳ̶ȶڳ˵⣬ǶҶ˵ٳٵûͻȴΪˡתԵʡ
תѰĹҪǿĶ࣬ÿεͻжҪķѴĻι̵ĻͿµķ͹ҲΪص㡣
оԼĵ￪ʼҶϿʼüеʮֽٴεķ˵ɫĹâȻʱҶѾĶϵ֮
֮ƿҶԼŻиõ˽⡣
УһĨεϳҶУһƬϷ·ǹӴСǾӴСĴȴҶ޷Լγһѭ
еҶһע֮ڵĿʼγԲĴںϣһ󼱴ٵĲѸٵĿʼһ޴Ĳ಻ĿʼǸʼ
䡭
Ҳݣ
ȻѾ²⵽һεͻƲ˵ɣҶȴҲδ뵽һεײ˿µľʹ
ǾҶ컹δӦʱصԪȴѾʼѸޱȵҶľȻٵĻûע뵽Уϵײ
ǿҵʹҶϼⶼȫŤЩδȬ۸ѿ˸ĿӣѪϵҶʼһľ
ҲҶ컹ʱһйصӰȴһĽԨħٶ֮Ӱ


322 Ԩħ
ŵɼ֮ҶҲ¶ɫûжôĳҲûͻƵʦ֮ĸǿ𺳣ͷ·ḧһ㣬˿ûеһ˿
ҶȴûκεĻɣĽ˴ʦ֮ϵƿȴѾ൱
߼ŵʦǿȫǲͬϵĸı䣬˵ڴﵽʦĵز֮һʵڵĴʦǹʵ񽣣
ʺ͹ȫһֲϵĶԱȡ
â¶ȴزۡ
ڴﵽ˴ʦΪ֮ҶоԼ·Բ̫һ㣬ֻԪһζз·ؼںһ壬ȴһַƵζ
豹棡
Ҷڵĸо
˫ĿѾûױ˸ĿֲϢǾӨޱȵ˫ȴԵøѩ·ö˸еʯһ㡣
ס˫Ŀ΢У


ƿһֲȭ̼ķ˾޴಻֮ǿĺʵΧĿռ䶼΢΢
ǾþδʧһҶ¶ɫϾδԼ似ƾԼٶȿʼһȭ־˵ıѾԭ似Ҫǿ
Ҷڶһһȭһλǿߵĸо֪ⲻԼĸоѣҪ˵һλǿˣƾǿһȭ㶨Ƕ
뵽սڿʼ󷴻ʱȻֱͬ仯Ҷȴ΢΢üͷ
ƺĳֽԵ޷ӳʵǼҲҿ׸㶨ġ
ʦǿȻһȼ֮Ĳʵ̫ˣڵҶʵ֮û˿İܹ㶨սĴڡ
˫ֵָɿĽһһĨصϺɫдƬıɫʼ趯һĴָСͳҶָ档
ڵıѾȫĿƿˣ˿ǸϼһԲǱˡ
뵽Щ֮ҶѾʼԽЦ
ۡ
еͱıҶɵҶ˫ĿʼԶ˹ȥһɫɽ·һֻɫħһεڴϣ˴ĿħһΧһ޲ʾһаϢ
ＴǿɽıԵҶɿԸоеǹ޷аϢ
ǧǰ׷ʲôµ龹Ȼһ˾޴ɽֲĸı䡣
Ҷ૵ĵ
ɽĴﵽİĳ̶ȣֱһ͵ĳˣ˿µĳ̶ȵһϢǳ˿Խıһִڡ
ȵȡ
ҶͻȻоԼǰĻ˲СϤζ
ܵһֱδΪʲôĪϤУ
Ҷüͷ
ϸͻȻʱһ뷨·һĿʼҶԺ˸
뷨ʵ̫ˣҶڸ޷ץסüͷݺݵ˼һĨⲻϵҶԺ˸ǹؼĲȴһֱ
͡
С׵צһʯ滮˵ĻǣڿһĨҶ˫Ŀȴϸ¶һĨ޷Ƶļ֮ɫΪǻͬǻһԼԺ˸
棬ǰǻ棡
ҶϲıסСףݺݵԴһڣСץʼ쳹漴ҶļϴıQǶСһĶҶѾȥעˣΪڵѾеעԼڤС
һ˸֮һĨȵ·һƬһҶǰȼ
һŵͼͼһĻϢԵ˵ɼ
ͼҶǰƳռеõģгһƵͼ֮⻹Ǿ޴¹صޣŵͼ龰ǺĻ˵ĽӽȻһЩϸ΢ĵطǺ񣬵ȴѾӽ˾ųɡ
Ҳ˵ŵͼָľ𣿡
ҶҲʼԼĲ²⵽ռҵΪʲôὫͼСıԭǿ϶ŵͼȴΪ뵽ﾹȻԨħڵҲ˵ǷˣܹԨħһŵͼϣϢǺεȵҪһɵӶ˽⵽ġ
˵ռҵ˼֪һߣȴҲý䶪ѾôˣȴһֱȵĴС
Ǻǡû뵽Ե֮һ֣ʵĻȻ춨˵ҲȥռҵĻܵõŵͼģ˵ҲΪԨ֮ˮĻӲǿ߶ӵĵطǺǡ
Ҷ΢΢¶һ˿Ц⣬۵ϳһŵɫŵͼû˿ĻɣϾһƵͼһۿȥ㲻ǷƷֵĻϢ㹻˵˶ԷĲܹĲĵͼȻܻǼٵġ
мס˵ͼ·֮Ҷ㿪ʼǰȥԭһĨڵļƻ˵ڶҲ˲ٵĵ
ˢ
ϻչҶĸһѼϵСף󱳺ϻٵ˸һĨɫĹâŷҶҲʧԶӰ˸УҶȴѾǧ֮⡭
ǼʱѣҶѾԨħķΧ׾ˣ׵ľҶɫȴʼ
Ȼ˵δĵԨħУһֿµĸоȴҶпʼһ־ԺڰϢ
ڰ䣡ɱѪȣа
иϵĸо㹻ɽиоԼҶоԼƺһĪѪҺ͵ζָоǡѪ
üе֮ٵ˸˵ɫĹâĸоʼҶԴת֮Ҷ㲻ʵĸоҲ˲١
ĬĬתҶðһ㵭ɫâԴɺϢ
֮ܣû뵽Ȼʱ㿪ʼӳˡ
֮ҶڡյһžʼʱҶ컹ΪһߣϾټ˺Լһӵǿ֮ģû뵽ԼȻʱʹá
뵽Լһʱ̰ľȻϴóҶҲǿʼ⡶ԽĿ϶
ȥһоһ⡶
Ҷ찵
صС׶ǰµϢƺû˿ĸоһ㣬ڵҶϿһö⣬ƺСӾǸεĺڶһ㣬ûеס
Сףˣ
ҶдһĨᶨ˵౵ĽҶȻĴܽƬѾûоС


323 أ
·ںĸо޷ζҶ쿪ʼԽԨħڲҶѾ˳׼ȴδ뵽Լ뵽֮ϵĻܾ֮Ȼʼѹ˲
üʮֽѾҪγһʵʣҶ˫ĿøӵķüǵµĹβϵ˸ܵҶӴ֮֮ǻ֮ܿʼø
΢΢Ϣһ֮Ҷ쿪ʼתǰȥڿǰ仯֮Ҷȴһĸо
ǰһƬĺƣ˸ĺɫΧһһζڰԼĿԿɺ죬ȻٵȴһֿµɷаζҪֵȥѰұ㹻Ҷо
Ҷ뵽Լڷ֮ĺʱΣҿ֮ѾΧ׵ķΧΧĻֵĶӵȴҲҶǿĿԽܡ
ɳɳɳ
ɳĵϴһصĦ⾲׵ĻжһֱëȻζ
Ȼոߵ󣬵µĻһʱҶҲ̲סĿʼë
·ǻﴧһֻСһ㣬㷲ĸоȻ

һĨƮʱҶ·ڱһ㣬ּصıоҶٴδһ
ౡ
С̲סĽ˼һ㱻˳ƵĴ۾ȻǶǰ㻷൱Ĳϲ
ǺǡСһ˵ܲסĻǽȥڤɡ
ҶذĸСһë˵
ౡ
С̲סĽԼСצĿʼϵҡƺǶҶ൱Ĳˬ
Ǻǡ
ҶЦЦûȥ˵
һʱΪСһԵʣҶеëȻĸоʼʧ˲٣ĿʼǰҶ쿪ʼϲʱĻһЩɭɭİ׹ǣЩ׹ǴĻһЩǿ֮µĴڡ
Ȼ˵Щ׹ѾȫˣҶ컹ǿԴЩɭɭ׹иоһֿµϢϵɢȱİ׹Ǿôʱ֮󣬾Ȼɢǰ˵ǿϢҶ첻ɵÿʼЩ׹ǵǿʼо˾ȡ
ܻµĳ̶ȣôʱ֮󻹿Ա£ӦҲĳ̶ˡ
뵽ԼĲؽ֮ʱԷֳĿֲʵҶ첻ʼ಻ѡ
ĺɫϵķ·ǻһ㣬ڷҶĴ֮ʼԽĻԾϻħһ̬ʼҶ߹ڽӴҶϵĻ֮֮ȴµġ̡ͬȼһ㣬Ҷֱ֮γһɼĺۼ
Ҳ֮ĺôˣûѰֲֿ֮ĺ㹻һ޵˲ıɵ
Ϊ̲صĿʵǹصЩˡ
ž
ͻȻʱҶĽƺǲȵһ˷һµҶ첻ɵõԼԴ
һֹǳУһֹȴҶһּŹֵĸо֮Ҷ˵ϵֹǡ
ֹǲңȥеĳ̶ȣѩɫĹԼĿԴиоһĪϢʼ˸ǴһֱĿС
ֹǵָŨΪһȭͷ̬ڿһȭͷ˲䣬ҶĽŲȴ̲ס˼һֿµ⾳ֹ洫˳
Ҷǰ·ǳһĪĸֳԼݺݵػһȭһ㣬ֿµĸоֱǿҵ˷ָ
Ǻεȵĸ֣ȥ֮Ȼֲ⾳
ҶЩ
ͻȻʱ򣬵ȴ΢΢Ĳһ£Ȼ㹻Ŀ΢ɲˣƾ֮ǿӦҶȴоֲ
˫Ŀ΢΢Ҷ쿪ʼԼ֮ͷ
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һֲŭ͵ĴԶ˳һŭ֮ΧĺڰҲʼøӿֲ
͡
ƿȻ֣һɺͻأޱȵĳҶǰ
ҶҲûı㽫СڤУϻͻȻ˸ɵĿʼԼذΧ


ƿĳ֣һֲİɫްݺݵسҶϣȻϻȻҶĴ̶Ѿ㹻Щʦ۷ǿ߶Ҫյĳ̶ˣһǺݺݵ˦Ҷȴɱ˳ȥ
ԵʹҶϡ
Ѹٵ˸Ҷ¶ǰδе֮ɫϵϻͻȻչһֲǹͻȻĴм
ɻ죡
ҲûҶԼɱС
ǹǧ׵ĳ̶ȣԼĿԿءʥµķ˸ѣתʼıŷϵļڴʱʼѡ
ΧĿҶ쳤ǹ֮ѾϬ
û˿ԥڳǹƿǰ֮ҶҲ·һڵһ˹ȥ˺ѰķֲĦ
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ɫĳǹͬвһ㣬֮еİɫӰ˲Ĵ飬ļ
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Ҷ廯һȭѸٵĸմȥ
ԷʱѾӦǹĿȻڰеҶ޷˼

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ֲ֮Ҷ·Ƕ˰һĶ֮󣬷Բ׵ķΧ·Ǳѹһ㣬Ѹٵѹʮ׵ĳ̶ȣȻһĿʼѹ
䣡
ѹ֮Ŀʼŷǰ׵ķΧȫ
ﵽ˴ʦ֮ҶһεĿʼԼ似ֲҲҶ˲Сļ
ǿֲĿЧʼ𲽵֮󣬴ƬҲʼɿʧԼһǽҶǿ϶
ʧ֮ҶǰҲʼ𽥵ڿǰ֮ҶϱȴʼЩŹ
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ʲô
ǰҶԾ
С׵Ȼð˳СצӺݺݵػţȻǶҶղŵΪ൱ڿǰ֮С׵ȴļ


324 ǳ
ѩɫİ׹ǣߴ壬صӣаϢһеһںһ֮ɵĳԵĲһ˿ĳġ
ǰİ׹ӿȥٵʮ׵ĳȣԷȴһֻ޴Ыһ㣬Ы˵Էȫɰ׹ɵģҶ쿴ĳڶԷԵһֲЭζƺиİ׹һһ
һεжأ׹ôܻ
뵽Щ֮ҶסĿʼüͷ
ౡ
СƺǸоǰѾʧȥ˻һ֮弱æĻһ׹⿪ʼǰ׹Ѱ
СƺĶڱһĪĸӦ˺ܿıһһöȭͷСĺɫʯ
΢΢еζ֮СƺǸоⲻԼϲ˺ݺݵһױһķɵҶϡ
еһöѪ壬Ҷһ
ѵ˵׹жԭ𣿡
Ҷ뵽ָɵѪһѣǼӲĳ̶ȴҶЩ࣬ڵֲһ岻Ҫ˵һöˣƾҶεȴ޷顣
ҶȴСԷϾҲǰ׹жԭȻԺоһģʱ䲻ˣµʱѾʼˣźöѪ֮æĿʼǰȥ
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Ҷ˫һһһֻ޴İ׹ǹɨȥֲĽԷĴ飬ҺǼٵļ·СҲ൱ĽԷϵһöѪɫѸٵĵߡ
ѾҶĵڰֻİ׹ǹˣǰĲϼӿҶȴΧĹƺԽԽ࣬ĿϢҲ㹻ļǿÿÿЩ׹ǹʵҲ𽥵Ŀʼǿ
ΪҶʵʼ˲٣Ǵﵽ˴ʦĳ̶֮󣬶һЩƿظǱȻأûԸЩѡ
ͻȻʱһĨصĲʼǰ洫˳оһĨ֮Ҷɫʼʱڱɫ̲סĿʼ
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뵽Щ֮ҶѾʼý䱸֮ڻΧ֮ԿЩа֮ȴֻ֮ѹ
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ĶصµõµҶ̲סľƾ۲㹻ĿԷʵٶڴʦĳ̶ȡ
ʮλ˵һ˵ʵҶԷʵЩ϶һƬɢŽߣסԼİֻһ۾˸
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ߡȻҪôʱŽ
˿ֲĹȻ޷õ϶˵˷Ǹɫߵļһᣬȴһӵ
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һȻЩͭߵϿ飬Ǵһ۾ȴԿóڵ൱ĺ¡
һĸֻ֣صӶԷƺǶ൱ļɵԨ֮ˮȻĽԷĿʲô
ڵµҶüͷʼݺݵһǿѾ޷мˣЩͭߵȻҲӹ֣Լ˵ǺͶԷһĻٲһս
ˣǰһεĹǳ֮գ˵Ļ
еһλƺЩģ̲סĿʼ˵
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Ҷľ׽ֵζԺȴûйֵĸϢ
һεĹǳҳǶԨ֮ˮû˸ܽ뵽Žľ벻ϵǿ֮ܵѹҲøǳȷʵ൱ѵõ顣
ӵĻ˵ķӦȻҲǿ˷ܸС
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Ȼ֪һ֮ԴӦȫΪԼҲһιǳ˻ɹĶʾмٲȻǳļֵѾ㹻Ϊ֮ޱĶˡ
ǿѾҶ˳뻯ĳ̶ȣ˵ڵص´ϸʮµĶ⣬˵ڷЩ˾Ȼʱʼֹ֮ͣҶҲûȥڵصĿʼ
ʱ俪ʼһһĹȥˣʱҶȴʼԽΪνĹǳƺûдΧ˿ı仯ճ˵ĻȻܹǿߵעȻҪٺƴơ
ͻȻʱҶ֮ȻĿʼо֮ı仯֮Ҷľ֮Ķʱʼǿ
ǳҪˡ
ɫӲΪǿĴڣһΧı仯ѵ
ǳҪԼȫĽ׹ǵϮȡеľȻע뵽ԼУԼøӵĴ⣬ӵĿ£ûνİ׳֮£ڵõкôͬʱҲҪĪʹ࣬˵Ļ̵ǵǳ㲻˺ǵġ
Ҷ˫ĿһĨ⣬ȻѾõԼҪģҲͣ
ѸٵĿʼǰһľ룬̽ǰһȴҶһ
ңңʮ֮һƬ˳һĹǰɭɭİɫۼһϸߣϸߵĳִĹ֮ʼúһȥǹ˳ߣҶ쿴൱Щ˳ȫˮɣɭɭɲİ׹ǡ
Щ׹ǺҶĲһоȻ˴ľӨ֮ɫǴŲС
ǹǳ𣿡
Ҷ૵ĵ
װ׵˸ںһ
ǳҵġת˵ǺεȾ޴档
Ҷ쿪ĵЦ


325 ڶʳ
ؼʱͻȻѩɫһƬȻ˵ںڰų⣬ǵ̫ҫʱ̣ȴɸ˴ĳֲ
ƺƵһƬѩɫ·տʼĽٵ˴һ㣬һĹҶסԼ˫ĿղŴɫ֮˿ķʽҶ쿪ʼ˵ϡ
һ֮ľҶƾŶԷʵӦòʱֻҪԼСһĻ㹻Լǰϡ
ʱԭƺ嫵ɭɭ׹֮ͻȻʼӿԼٶȣٶ֮첻գۼҶߣоһѹȵϢʼȻĴҶҲɵÿʼΪһ
ﵽôγɵģ˵ĺ֮Ѱ֮˿Եġ
Ҷ찵ʱǿֲĹѾݺݵشҶˣǹصٴηҶڽӴЩ˵ʱȻû˿ʹ˻Ϯһ㣬ɵƮȥ
Ȼǲȥȡе㲻˺𣿡
ҶζЦȴӵʱĽȺ̶ȣһ˲֪ʲôʱÿһÿһʱ䶼Ǽ
˫Ŀ΢΢Ҷ˫ֿٵĽӡԪķſʼɡ
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һ֮󣬶ʱǿֲĹȴƺǸоҶĴһ㣬ϵ˻Ѹٵǵһ㳯Ҷϯ˹ȥ
׹ǼҶϱ㿪ʼݺݵس鴤ˣϵĹͷ·ǽĦһĿʼķй
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ϵĹϵļⶼʼǿ˺һļⲻʱ˸ɺɫѪҺǺܿȴٴεϼ̶ܶʼһĴƻָȻƻ
⿴һĨһļһɦŪ˵趯ԼСצӣǷƵ̬С˭ɵĿ˺ƺС׵ȫˣԷûκεı仯֮෴ǣʱһӣһǰצγһصƣƨβͲϵҡȴ˸һĨĵɫʥâ
ȻνĹǳâȫɫС׵ɫƺδϵʥĹâڸס
ƺ൱ˬӸܣҶ˵ĻԻڵһʱ佫Ѿϸϸоһġ
ƺǸоҶԹС̲סĽԼһ£Сƨ΢΢ׯһЩйصĸоȴһֱҶл
Ѿѵ˵һоû𣿡
ǾʱһӾʹζȴҶûκε뷨ȥǶԷˣָѵķһĽӡʽһε֮ǡתҲʼһĿʼתĵĴɭɭİ׹пʼȻðÿһİ׹Ĺââǧ֮һ֮İ׹ǣƹǳĴڣֲֿĹâһѾҶİΧ
ͻȻʱҶȻ뵽һǹص飺
ճԵĻҵȫĿתƺǱҵתӵľȷĻҲԴеõһ棬ҲһЩ˵ͷųĻճԵĻҵҲһġ
ĴڤóһƬֲ֮ӿʱӰҶǰɵޱ飬ǿԼҶȴһֹŹֵĸо
ȥ
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䡭
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ҶһҪסǳĿϮһȴٴεĽյѾ״Ҷʵ˵ΪͨȻν߻ħĿԣֲֿȴҶȻŴһĳ̶ȡ
ʱѾЩ
תҼʶһʵɣҶ
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ƺǸоҶеŭתһ˲ͬһֻ˯˵ħһޱߵѹ˲ĳҶУҶ˫ĿرǾ˫Ŀϵһ˲䣬ȴĳ˾ŶԿµɺâ
·Ϊһ㣬ǾŶԾ޴ɺ˸Ϳµ⣬Ÿ޴µ໥Ķһۣ漴΢΢ſǿֲĹǳȻԷǿе
ǳжôĿֲû֪Ϊ˺嫵ĹǳγɵģҶʶ˵ûпģĲؽ·ǴȻһҲø׳ƳǾŸ޴Դȴв˲ӽʮ֮һĹǳ֮Ȼǿеȥ
תתٶѾﵽ˼ޣֲٶȵתҶҲʼӨӨָϵĶԽĴ
һĶÿһεĶ㹻ĿԿóϵĳɳǹÿһβж㹻Ҷоϵǿ̶Ⱦһ֡
ͷҶ졢Сףĸγһ壬һһɵĲֺȻ˵ҶΪʹ࣬ǵõȴֲһľ֮Ϊһ
ɵĲֺʱһ֮ʮɫȴʼѿ
ˣǰһεĹǳ𣿡
Ǳһˣһλͭߵ̲סʵ
ɫߵļһû˵һԿµ۾дʱѾгâһ̬ϵĸǿԼĿԿһͷ޴޻Ӱʼ趯
һɿµɷȻʾʱǺεȵķŭʱһ۾ʼļСһ㣬ֲ
ʲô
ͻȻһĽһλͭ˵˳˼æĿȥֻǰһƬֲڷɢţзǴһֿµ
Ļ쵰˭ˣ
ɫ޵·ǱһһһֵĴ˳


326 
ζҺǿ
һλ޵дһĨֲŭ˵޵ǺܳЩ˵ʵԵĻҲʲô룬ÿŻһΣһҪԨ֮ˮܹǰεܹһε
ȴǵƤӵ½ԭԼĹǳռȥ˴뻹࣬εܹܡ
ȿ˵
ɫ˵һ۾дʱǱĵа⡣
ȻĳɫȻץȥ˻δӦʱͻȻؼԪȴʼ
Īѹ·ħһֲޱ߼ʵʴʱȻĿʼ
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Уһֻ޴ƾȻƾյðǿеĿֲѹƷ·ħֱһޱȵĳһ֮ķʼǿе˺Ѷȥ
Ҷ΢΢¶һĨ֮ɫž֮ϵ˸ʱǼ͵ĳ̶ȺͿǿһֹĳ̶ȣתת÷·еһ㣬Բת
˵һֱĻҵĹɵʱҲͲԶˡ
Ҷ¶һ˿˵ͻȻʱɫ΢΢һ䣬ȻתȥֻУһֲֻƾȻڳԼޱȵĿʼץ
ǧ׵ľֲֿѹȴѾεԼ壬һĿռʱǱ֮Ȼ׷׵Ļһ㣬һĹ˸Ǳǿе˺ѳΪ˷ĩ
Ҷͫ׾ҵâ״ͫѾҲûıȻŵϿʼ
ܹƵֻһֿܡ֣
ѵ˵Ƿ𣿡
ҶЩ˵ϾĶ൱أȴ֪ǾѾĽǳĴȡʣµЩȻҲٵȴѾЧļˣЩصļһεķֲˣεĲŭ
ǿߴﵽ֮ҪǰһĻҪŬ޷ĿֲҲΪʲôɫߵӻẬ޳ֵԭ
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ڵҶһһ㣬ȻСȴǿĺܡ
쳣ĽԷѹ飬ҶѸٵĶߡ
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ȻӶ·Ǿֹһ㣬Ǻܿȴʧ
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µĲӰ
ԷıȴѾ˲һ֮ĵطǺ֮бһԶĵطֲٶѾЩ֮ͭ˵˫Ŀʼ

ڿУ˫ֱӵĻȭǴٴεĽȻ˳ƵĽصĴ˵ϣһĳ֣һֲֳ˱ľĻһŤĿ
䡭
˲䱻ⳤǣҶ弴ڰ֮¶оеĿ³̶ȣ󲻸ҳѸٵĳԶĶߡ
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ʵѰ޿õģŶԷָǿȻ˳Ƶ굽˵ϣû˿ԥӿʼҵس
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Ӹδ뵽ԷһʼʱѡӱܣȴеԼа壬һʱʱǿһצľ
⿪һצԴǿߴڳģȻܽһצȻеҶʵǽ뵽˴ʦĳ̶֮һƿҲʼԽ
͡
һ˺ѵӵϴ˳Ȼһ΢˺ѵȴӵпʼŤһķŭ
ΪĴһֱܵǵϲǿֲĵλҲһ֮֮ϵĴڣڱһ֪ļһһдУȻδˣȴѾ˺ˡ

صһȭһεȭѾŷ׵УٲȻѾȫ
ǿһצĿֲЧȻδʧǵ꾢ĲϮҶܿıץס˶Էļ϶ǿеתԼĿס˶ԷһȭѸٵĿ˶Է
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ҶĬĬͻȻʱ߲ȴȻ˸ޱȵĹâҶ·ǰ׾Թ϶һѸٵĳ˶Էǰ
ٶ֮첻˶ԷҶ춼΢΢һ͡
ǡŰپʮ֮ļӳ֣
߲ϹŲϹŴץȥ֮ʱġ
Ϲߺεȵǿǿ߿ǻӻ֮䶼㹻ǿֲľҶ˺ѵĳ̶ȣǾŰپʮߵľӳȻֻٶϵģȴҲҶ˲ӵ˺ǿ߽аʵ
ٶȱҵĻҪ죿
ӵд󺧲ѣǴʱһȴȻ˳
ߣս֮ʱƺӦɡ
ÿ죿ʲôʱ򣿡

ӵиոյӿֳ뷨ͻȻһȴǱѾ˳
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ԡһﲻǿߣ
Ȼĳſ϶ʼתڿҶӣǧ֮һʱжϳҶݣǾ΢ЩķɵʱȴȻĴһµľʹ
⡭⡭ÿ
ЧǽĴȥǱҶһǣеľȴ˰˴βűӻ
ۡ
һѪȻĴӵ˳
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һ֮󣬶ԷϵҲػһŹصҶǰ

ҶڿԷ֮Ψһ뷨ڶԷĳֳ֣һֵѩ񣬵һȴ
ҡ𣿡
ϵʮλͭߵڿǰһĻԺȻĴһвɵ
ԭûʸӴģȻǵݶǸ߸ϵĴڣǺȽȴƨ㲻ϣȻ΢Ĳڼʶӵʵֶ֮ȴѾ׵˽⵽Ŀ³̶ȣ̼ĽһʦƷ۷ǿŪڹеǿʵǿԵֿġ
ǵһǸһǵ
ȴһȥǲʮӵˣ


327 ֮
ڿӾȻһѪǿҵĳʱʼøӵ
Խ˳ֵĿֲǿ˺ѵľԼǱǿ߶ҪѸٹصٶȣҶԼҪսʤԷ⡣
ĲһϵѪҺӵ¶һĨ
ܺáСӣܺá
һλȥڵ꾹ȻԼһǿߴѪһֺεȵ裬һֺεȵķ̰
ŭѾʼӵȼ
Сʸ֪֣κƽһҪס֡
Ҷϲм˵
˵һûҪ֪
κƽɫٴεһ䣬û뵽ҶĿȴʼ΢΢ϲҶղŵһεĽһżȻѣֻһ˱ø߰˵һ洦
ָžž춯κƽ˫ĿȻ˵ĹâȻһ
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УӰʼԽΪٶȹֵľ˶µģʱҶȴû˿⣬Ϊ˴ʦǿ֮ҶѾﵽһ̶ȣǿͳ̶Ϊǹǳĸı俪ʼøӿ
˵Է֮εǿҶԻжԶܶԶҶ֮鲼ȫȴԼĸоһֻһƷĳ̶ȣڵĳ̶㹻Ӧġ
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˵ȴֲʵһֺεȿֲĴڡ
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һƿֲĦҶʱһǿҵĲɫҲʼ˫Ŀ΢УЧķκƽڵ˲䣬ҶȴȻĻת

˲佫κƽûڶԷ΢΢ʧ˲Ҷȴɫĳص˦κƽļϡ
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ľ˳˵Ӵ֮俪ʼһֲıΧλʦǿ߸Ӧ㱻ǿеĻɡ
ֲӵΧԲ׵ķΧУȻΧϲ󣬵ȴеΣϵ֮ͣ෴еķΧС֮֮ĦȴʼԽ
ĽΧһпʼɨµֲֻӰһ㣬µı಻Ŀʼİӿռϴ
ҶϿʼ¶˷ܵɫ֣ҶѾʼоԼһǹǳõĺôǺεȵǿ
ܵѹȻǿĺܣԼȴûһ˿ĲʣڶԷľԼϵʱӻϱŷһֲķȣɭɭ̼ĿʼɢһӨӨĹââҶľ˲俪ʼøʢ
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Ѫ˺֡һһʽȻ򵥣ʵȴ̲ǿҵϢҶ趯
Сӵʲôͷ
κƽɫѾԽϾʵֻǶһĳ̶ȣǿ߶һĳ̶ȱ㹻ɱκεĴʦǿˣκƽȴԼһĿʼǿ
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ǾڴʱҶȴ¶һĨصЦݣ

ڼҶһĨصЦ֮κƽ㿪ʼвãȴѾˣֻκƽȻĸֳһɺɫһĳ֣һֿµĸоʼκƽġ
Ѫ
ʼʱὫֻˣȴ׵ĽеٵĽ뵽ֵУȻֻҪʩչ֮һеὫȻը
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ͻȻһȻĳҶߣȻϵѹҲʼɿ
һɢŹغɫâӰȻת˲ţһ׵ľ޽ȻƾյĴĳҶ˹
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ɵѪĲҽһ֮󣬻˵ʼǾ޴ĳκƽƵʮֻ޴ȴʼɵѹ


328 ɱ
ݵأ
Ķݵأ
ʱҶ·һֻɽһ㣬²ϵԼϢ
ȴδԶԷ෴뿪˴ԼصʱҶ㽫ԼϢıĬĬصȴš
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һŰɫ۵ӰƿѾĿһκƽԼʮλͭޡ
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˶˵ֱӵĻֳһλ޵ǰһȭ
꣡
һ˺ǵ޷ŵķɵ˰֮⣬ǿȫƿ˶Էķǰɭɭ׹ҲʼԵ൱ֱ֮󣬶Է۾û˵ıպϡ
κƽһ˵ҲһƬߣ˵ϵȴ𣬷·һλɱһ㣬˿ûн˵ζ
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κƽɫ䣬Ҫ˵ǵɱȴ΢΢һһĨֱӵĴݵ˶ԷĶУ
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Ǻǡе˼Ϊκƽǰ𣿡
ɭɫצʼ𲽵ʧɱѾڸǵıɱ⡭


329 
һ䣬ɱͻȻõ̰ɱȻһһֻȻ̽ƻʵ˲㳯ѾƿԼҶץȥ
ֻƻûץ䣬һɿµգƺ˲ʱ̽ƿһ㡣
ΪŵȣҪΪԼѾѹסκƽ㹻İһеǿˣӰδﵽļһﲻһеڶѣС
ָոյ£ҶоԷһƷ·Ǻľһ㣬Ϊ֮԰ǿʱͬ˿ֲĴһ㣬ݿľǺ屻εض˵ϡ
ݺݵز˼֮Ҷ췢ԼļϾȻͬǱѹʮɽһĿֲµû˿ϢĻᡣ
ҹɣ
һ󼱴ٵҶ徹ȻǿȥĪѹҶ˿ĵֿ
ת˲֮䣬ҶͶԷľѾɳ̶ȣʶ˶Էʵ֮󣬼ǲϣȴò˵ɱʵκƽ֮Ĳࡣ
ɣ
дһţȻỺǸڳȴһ˿޷ɵĸоƺҶѾ޷ֿˡ
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ɱ൱ĮҲ֪˵˭Ǿ仰ֱ֮ȴȻķһ¶˻һֻ޴߾Ȼƾյĳϣ˳ϵѸٵĿʼ䳤ȻĴϼȥ
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·ߣһֹŹֵĸо޷ȷ⵽߻ûġ
ֲĴ֮ǿҵ˺ѣһеһҶжʱһȷǰֻ߲ͨͨûƺǴĳֶص鶯޷С
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ֲ˺ѵƿ㹻Ŀߵֿµǿġ
߱ɢһԴ֮󣬹صȴٴεķˣԭѾߴʱ徹ȻһŤѸٵķֽ԰ټƵСѸٵĴѾʧȥԴĴϼһ龰ʵ̫ѸˣҶû˿ķӦء

ǾҪԼһ˲ʱ̣ҶԺ漴һսսоð˫ֹʹĿʼ
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˵Ľֲӵʱѣκƽ֮⣬˲޷ȥ֧Ԯ˵ӰκƽһڿҶľݽ֮ûκ˼ı㳯ŶԷ˹ȥ
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ҶüһĨȴʼøϬԷٶȻܿ죬ȻϵƱԷѹסˣҶȴûеǡ

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忪ʼ޷ƵĶסǿвϵĻصȴ޷ҵй;ǿѹǰκƽ̲סĳ˵µѪ
ɵסһλǿߣɱһֱκƽȴҲ̲סһĺ
һǹƾǸ̶ȵΪȻ̼ıסκƽ
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΢ʱ֮󣬵ɱб˾ǱҶӵʱϵıԣҲûıٵһȭκƽĵ

ʵεǿ󣬼ĿѾﵽһ޷ĳ̶ȣǳǺҶһſµġתû޷Ӧ
ǿҵľ׾ٵĽովҪϵκƽһȭ򱬰ŶԷĲҽ֮ҶȺݺݵڶԷԴ˹ȥ
һű㹻һѾϵ߱
ǹص׻֮ٵٻȥļµĲκƽ걻ǿеȥ
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ʱ䣡
һӵʱ䶼ϱѾ˷츲صı仯ıһеıǿֲ֮
Сȥɣ
Լ澹ȻɱһλǿߣǺεȵ裬ǺεȵĲмɱǽһŭ
Ҷȴ¶˲мɫѾ𽥿Լĵɱ߲˳ƵĿʼлӶѾѹµһֲʼŶԷȥ
Ҷ챾ǿٵ˸ʧԶ


330 ֣
ɱҾȻĻɱһλ
Ҷɿǰʻȥϵļ֮ɫԡ
Ҳѹ˵ļ

һֺεȵĴڣǶôĿ¶֣е֮㹻ĿԷĵλǺεȿֲɱǿ߳ͱǿĴ֮⣬޺ѽ˵ӲҪ˵ȥɱˡ
ǺܿҶȴ侲Ϊ൱ǵɱ϶˵ģϾɱһǿ߿¼ǶԷҲʧġ
ȻʱһֲŭͻȻĿʼŷ
Сӣ˭һҪɱ㣡
ߣץ˵ɡ
оԷԼľ벻ʮĳ̶ȣҶ첻ҳɿٵǰǰǡǳٵתϵĽκƽɵڴܹӶԷҵԼҪġ
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һԿֲ˫Ŀʼÿɲԭ˫ʱѾŤ޷һȥ
󡭡ˣ
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һλ׳ŵӸҪ˵һɫצȴѸٵĴһš
ѪѸٵȾ˵ɫİ׹ǡ
˼ʱòҪĴû³
ˣѾ˵ɱУҶ֣֮һֺεȵ裬˵ĲǺεȵıߡ
ùͭ޻δȫ¶˿ڲѪԹʼͫףǿдϢǵɱ
Ȼ˵Ǵʦв࣬ȴǡϣ޲Ļ쵰㣬վǸСУһ
ֲԹаǵɱ̲סüͷȻӶһۣʱһɺ嫵ľȻ
䣡
ǿľ֮߶ûһֱӱ뵽˵°֮ĳ̶ȡ
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ɱɫƵӣеһλ޼æĶʵ൱ԷڲܼЩйеŭˡ
ȻǵɱĿ˶Էһ֮󣬲ŵ˵
ܼ򵥣һĿĿɲֻҪõԨ֮ˮĿģֻǵʸֻ֪Ҫ߱ˡ
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Сӵֻʮĳ̶ȣΪʦĳ̶ȣǴʦĵͼڸǿߵĶ֣Ѿ㹻ĹͨأؼԪ͸ãС似ز˵ķǿ̶ȶѾǿ߶Ҫֲˣǿߵٶȣ޷ϺӲӲ֮⣬ķԵĿԺԼ˶ԿˡģһѵǹϵɴµĴ𣿲ܵģ˵ǹϵΪʲôЩҲ֪ܣһΪʲôᵽﻹûзκε쳣
ǵɱϱ任ɫʣµʮ̲ͭסĴһ
һǿǰһһɱ˵ǿߣ˵һֱĥ
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ڰ˷Ϊɷʮɷʮħ򣬵ȻеȻһЩÿһƷ۷ĳ̶ȣǺ̶ܴϻʵɷʮħ򱻳֮Ϊǿĳ̶Ⱥ͵һ޶ֻɷʮħǼصģ״¼κƽ֪Էݡ
ĺڰ˵ľҲһ˿֪ģκƽӡмǸ߸ϵĵҲ˵ֻصУΪͼıʿĳ̶ȣϱʦޣҲģڴʦǿǱȽϸ߲εĴˣǿ߸ƿ˳˵֮Ĵ󲿷һΧǿҲֻصʵ൱ǿλǿߣǵɱΪǿһλ
Խǲ鿴Էļ䣬Ҷб㿪ʼԽ֣ڰ˵ʵѾ󣬿½ǼҵʵԽԷѹסˣƾֶζԷ˵Ҫ㶨һҵĻʲôġ
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µʱˣ˵ҲԨ֮ˮĻʦܲסˡ
Ԩħʵ̫ĿˣڵҶ޷ƿأΧɫѾڲ֪еİΪȫɭɭİ׹ǣΪǳԵʣ׹ǵҲø˼֣ҫĵ»âԨħԨħʱ·Ǵһɫɴһ㡣
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Ԫʲôǿһ㹻ǿǻɱǿߵĳڣϸ˵Ҷǰը࣬еԱԷǿĶࡣ
ΪķѾʧˣԴڵ֮٣Ǵд򵽹еϢҶҲԲʶ⡣
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332 ֮Ϣ
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ҶһֻֻʬһѾʼϵĻϵĽƬ
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Ӱ쳣ɺ˫ĿȻùԲ𽥱סҲʼ𽥱ǷһλСҲһ̶ȵͷ󣬵Ӳϻһ̰аӡ
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Ҷû˵еĵѹȥֲĵΧһȫƿʱǺɫӰû˿ϢĻ㱻ҶĵиΪƬ
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һȵʼϵ˸Լǰ˰Сʱʱ֮ΧаϢѾγһɫ̬ǹȵҲڱԽԽ
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Ҷ췢ּǿеĽԼǷȥȴҲ޷е𺳸ѹ
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ķĹŴʱڵӣȫɾɣЩĽṹûһöӣƺһܷĿռһ㣬ԼĿԴ⹬ڲһĹâɢš
йĵϺõļʯ̵ɣµĻ㹻ĿⲻһζݵʱԵɵġ
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һѹرǿеĴ֮ҶǰȻƽһƬһеһٴεıԭӣǸȥƽصĴ

һõЦͻȻʱǴд˳ֻǰһȴٴεı仯ûνĵɽ𺣣ûûжһеһжȫʧˣҶǰȴһϤס
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˵ӣӰҲҶǰƺûпǿ׽Լϴռ˵˫֡

һȻĴ֮Ҷֱ޷ŵĿǰһУֻԼĽҶᾹȻһܵĽſ׽
ǺԵ³С㻹ûгԹŮ˵һŴϵζɣ㣬Ǽֱ˼ðܰ㰡ϲһŮˣÿʱּٵĴϢ֮ҼֱҪӵķˣ
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ʵĴһĸо̬дһ޷̬ܵ˿ֱ֮ҪĥԷ
Ҷû˵ҶϲɵöһĨ˳Բķοʼ¸ƺҪץסҶҪˣǾʱһֻ·ǾһצȴεؽԷץסˡ
֪ҽҺܺãҰңΪҿԲԼİΣأʲôֻһڵãȻҽ㲻ã
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յһĻ֮ҶҲһŭԼֿΪԼĴڣһ£һ衣

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̾Ϣ֮Ҷɫʱһ䣬Χһж֮ƿطΧУһĸ̾ȴߡ
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ֻһλɫ۵һĮ֮ɫĿûжٵı飬Ӣ٣аϢԼһ̬˼֮˿ķͷ

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ҶûжٵЦ⣬෴еֻı֮
ңǺǡҵ𣿡
˵ݶ𽥵¶廳ͳ˼ӣƺڻǹơ
Ϊħ죡
ħ죡
Եа֣Ϊħز񷣬֮⣬֮С
ԭ棬ڶԷҶȴоһִδйѹԼʦӵǰѹҲδֹ
ͻȻҶԺһ̲סѿڶ˵
ħ֮ħ죿
Ҷѯʣħ΢΢¶һĨɫЦ˵
û뵽ȥôʱ֮󣬾Ȼϳ
΢΢Ļ˻ħЦ˵
ħ֮ħ졣
ԵϢٴεȴδٵѹȸУǷǱӵеһλߣǿһֱеʡ
㡭㲻ôǻ
ȷʵˣȷˣȴڵʽ˵ʵǲԵģڵӿԳ֮Ϊꡣ
ꣿ
Ҷǵһţüë΢΢Щ׽ζ
ǵģ꣬ν֮еͱĻںһĻγɵһֶصĴڣν࣬ǱҪºǿĶࡣ
𣿡
뵽ԼԿ֮ҶʵЩȷӡ
Сӱվ˵ۣ侹ȻԴﵽʦĳ̶ȣӦǺĴˣٳЩһ֮⣬Ǻ˵˭Դﵽ̶ȣ˵ĲĻӦ֮ĹҲûбǰĻþѹסûù㱾ˡ
Ҷһǧʵȴ޷ſѯʵĸоΪʵǲ֪εķʣħ֮ħҲڷ֮дѾԼɱĳõġ
ħ졢ꡢ֮ȵȵֲִĸо
ƺǿҶĺ֮ɫħ΢΢Ļ˻ֱۣΧĻȻ˾޴ı仯һпʼԭĻԻ̬˹ӵ԰
ǰһжǻþΪ⹦Եʣ˵΢ƿһĴڡ
һħЦ˵
ħ΢˼һ²Ż˵
֪һЩʣȻ˵ĻǾʹӱ㿪ʼ˵ɡ


335 
ԭֻһʵ΢ˣһ㸻ԣЩƶĵطⱲΪĵĻ䡣
˵֮ħҲʼЩ˫Ŀ΢΢ת˼֮ĸʵһĴڼ˵
ƶĵطƶط淽ʽǺεȵĴӣΪһʮ걾ΪⱲӾͻһˣְ͵ĵطҺһޣȴΪĹﶩ飬ٹȥһҶʮʱǱɻ飬һҲиŮ֯ƽȴҸӣǺǡҲܲϣȥҵ̼֮գҼǵ൱һôʵӰƺԤʾҵᷢ޴ĸı䣬Ҳһգһǧںÿ͵ɽ֮˵ԷȻİȴûǵĶע⣬ֻδ뵽һˣһޡ
˵֮󣬼ħӵйͿµȴɱ
һɹϢϵѹҶ죬Ҷ쿪ʼԽȶԷʵ˿ֲĳ̶ȼǱνȴɿ£ǰĶԷǺεȿֱֲ޷
ݺݵشϢһ֮ħ˵
һҹʱѣԷɱһĽƻˣǺǣ޷ǸʱԷǺεȵĿֲּı㽫ʮ˴ޣǵģΪԭʼޣ˺ѿռ䣬Ͷ俰ѵأԷ֮ƺֻΪ˷йԼǱ̬ǺǣɱеˣһĻɱ֮ٴεĿҵŮˣǸӦӵĴڣȴԼĹҵӳ׵ĸıˣǿҴҩǰǵģҩԷƺ൱ϲҵ־Ա˵ʹΪ֣ǺˣЦݿŶԷ裬Ǹ쵰ȻģңĻңǽҵӵɽУƾ˵ķ˵¡
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ƺǲҵĴڣΪҲһˣõĺܣȻõ˴˵ħʥĴУǿĴаʥǿߵĴУ
˵֮ħ϶ҪЦˮˣһֱĪıҶУɱĴĸоĪ˸С
ҵȻ˵ǿеķÿһĹÿһƵľħʥĴ£ҵȴѸٵĻָˣʵǴﵽһµĳ̶ȣʱҳɽˣǸʱѾ䣬аȻ˲ٵĵˣħʥĴпǴŶԷһΪһδεսвδ෴ΪʼҪıѰҵҵĳˣҵˣδ뵽ԷȻһ𼶵ǿߣҲһõ˿¸ִеĴڣΪõǿߵĴУ˵һֲΪ˵ӣҾһƿصĽӰˡ
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һɬħ죬ҶԷĻȻ˵֪Է˵ôԼʲôϵҶ컹ѡʱħ΢΢ЦЦ˵
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Ҷ޷һ֮ӭ˿ֲĴһֺεȵĿ£޷һսǺεȵĿ
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Ҷס˵
εģﵽʲôط
Ҷ֮ħɫʼһһٵ˵
СסˣҪ˵һҪμУ½Ȼ˵ΪΪǿ󣬵Ҹ㣬񼶸ǿĴڣҲΪ߹Ĵڣ̫ʱڣһλӦ֪ɣ
Ҷĵ˵ͷ
ǵģһλѧǿڡ
ƨ
ħһ̵ŭҶɵۡ
ʲô棬Ϊѧʲôʲôƾһ֮εֲܹĴڣҪܳʱſɴġ
ҶĿɿڴĿħ죬ڶԷһǵһοʼ˼
Ҳһܹ뵽ģҲĻǺ뵽ǼһﾹȻһߡ
ߣ
ҶӿʼоЩѣΪԷһЩ̫Ӧˡ


336 봫
ǵģߣ
ǿʥǿ˵֮϶˳һ޷ڸǵļɵȻڶԷΪעصĴڡ
ƺ൱ġ
ħԳЦ
£
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񼶲Ϊǿ𼶴ڣǿ˵ޱҲ洴ģ޷Ƶ½УһеһжǱֵô򵥣µĴҲ½С
ħ¶һĨЦ˵
ν⣿
Ҷʵ
ˢ
ħȻһָĶҶ˵
죬½һǿĴڣҲһȻһԼ½ķչ·񼶵ǿȻ٣ʱδţϹʱڸ̫ʱڣǸ񼶲Ǻڵģ뵽ڵĻ񼶸ӵĺ˰ɡ
Ҷĵ˵ͷ
ǵģ񼶵ǿѾΪ˴˵𼶵Ĵڶֵĺˡ
ħĵ˵ͷ
СӣʵĽӴЩ֮˵ûжٵĺôģǼȻʾԵĻᱻע⵽ģ˵Ҳûа취ˣĽӴĻڷǶкܴġ½֮һص磬Ǵ͸˾֮ſԵһ磬ǵ½ҪٱǸط֮Ϊ硣˱ΪߣǴǸطġ
㵣
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һ֮ҶѾͬһ˻һ㣬ϵ
ǰУҶһֱ˵Ĵ˵ʵκεһ˶޷֤޷óΪ֤ݣͻȻһһվǰʲôоҶָоͺڵԼһġ
Ժеļ䣬ĴУһеһƺһ˲ʱ䱻ǿеĸıԭΪ½һΪĴڣȴ˸֪ԲʵһжǼٵġ
ôܣ˵νľĻΪʲôûһ˵ǹһضûС
ȷʵˣǿһȺǹϵļһʵǶ½̸νѺã˽Ҳ࣬һȷǵвǶǻˣ˵ļأǺǡҪһֱִӵҪıǽִڵϢȫļظĲ࣬˽˸٣֮ԻˣȫΪ治һˣͨһķʽ䵽½ʹõֶα˵ꡣ
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Ϊʲôѵ˵г𣿡
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񼶵ǿߡǺǣ϶ǿеٻ˾磬ڴﵽ񾳽֮õĸо˵ȥģᱻǿеĻɱ˵Щ񼶵ǿ߼ɴڣȴҲ׵ĳ֣ʵʵ̫ǿˣǿ󹦷Ҳÿ˶ӵеģ񼶸ߵĲΣ꽵ٵ˴ɲǿȥֿģҲΪʲô񼶵ȴԽԽٵԵʡ
Ҷ΢΢ĵ˵ͷԺпʼǰеĴ˵νĴ֮һ뵽ĳ̶ֳ֮ѡɣ;Ǻεȵơ
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ҶٴεĶص濪ʼ뷨
ھ½֮ѡ˺ߣ첲ֲȣǿʵǰҲĪһ֮ǿеĵֿĳ̶ȣҲˡ
䲻֮⡣
һ֮ߣһֺεǿĴڣȻҶδǴ˵е棬ҶȴѪڵĳ档
֮Ժ˵ЩһΪܹ˽һĵˣ˵һմڣ½Ǳһûгͷ֮գԨħ֮ԻҲΪһսһ½޺֮սȻǿ֮ʤˣȴҲǲʤﻹһصĽ㣬ϵž½֮Ľ㣬ȻѾٻˣƾŶԷǿɿµĽ䵽ġ
Ҷĵ˵ͷһĪΣпʼ
һֱߵĺᣬЩһֱڴЩǿޣҲ֮Ϊڰˡ
˵֮ٹ۲쵽Ҷɫϵı仯ɵÿʼЦ
ѾͶԷйӴˡ
Ҷû˿ԼӴһĿʼ˵
ȷʵˣ֮ȥɱͰռЩѪˣȫΪЩ˶еϣúݵֶΰ
Ҷĵ˵ͷͻȻʵ
ӵĻ˵½˺Σ𣿡
ħ˰˵
ʱ˵ĻǺܰȫģΪһѾƻˣҪٴεĽ൱ѵģǾ½Ҳһģǵľ൱ļңҪֻЩ˲ſԣΪҪԽĴԪſԽ˵ĵҲһ˿ԳܵģѡҵĹ۲˵Ҫ׼ܳʱģ˽ϢҲǴһλżȻ½߼еõģԷݵ΢˽Ĳࡣ
Ҷĵ˵ͷ
ħˣ
ħͻȻʵϾԼһִħԴ˻൱ĸ顣
ʧ֮ħѾֳħħûһƿߣȫɵգʹõĹҲ൱ȱݣħͲǰˡ
𣿡
ħ΢΢Щ꣬ϾԼͻȻ߽⣬˵һֺεȵıͻȻħƺһشľһ㣬¶һĨЦ˵
СӣΪʲô
ҶͻȻ뵽ԼҪ飬˼æ˵
Ԩ֮ˮҪһЩԨ֮ˮ
ħû˿⣬Ȼһ˵Ѿ˽⵱ˣ΢΢ĵ˵ͷ֮ħЦ˵
СӣȻ˵ĻҪǷһˣԨ֮ˮֻ֪λãҪĻҿԸ㣬ҪӦһ顣
ҶǺӣħһһٵ˵
ħͳƿأ


337 зħǾ
ʲô
Ҷϲɵ¶˾㵵ɫȫû뵽ԷȻһҪ󣬶Է˼ԣԼȥƿδħҲǽħȫƿںһγһµħħһˡ
Сӣ뵽þʱұ㿪ʼڹ۲ˣȻ޷еļҵһǿһֵļģǸΪ˾ͽڵŮƺѩŮȻδ˵ܹ£˵һȻˣǿĴΪȥƿħȻ˵ںڵʱǺܺãֻҪȥŬһȫƿصģʱħѡֻҪҪı䣬һжпܵģ˵Լûģ
Ҷɫʱһ䣬ѩŮһֱҶ춼Ĳȥ룬ǶԷһȻһѹסԼҪ˵һѩŮ˼ССڱ㲻Լȥƿصģеʵʵ̫ĿˣԼһʵ޷ԷֺԼڵʵʦĳ̶ȣɾԺ˵еžԲ״˵ûһʱĻҪ˾ͽĻѡ
Ǹ˾ͽڴߵŮǸʱѾ˴ʦĳ̶ˣԼأƺ˺ܶࡣ
áҴӦˣƺôȥˣħԳһˣƺҪлȡеȨĻѵġ
ߣħ˵Ҳ²ûдĻӦҵūģδŹõȨ˼ǲЩСĴڣڴڹʱһ֣֮ԻҪõϵļ֮ȫΪǵĹдĪȱݣһʱ䲻ϵǿΣͺԽģ״ǻҸʲôһὫҵıԴϵĹڸ㣬ǧУĽôʱ֮ڵĽԼһȫ޸һ£ҽԼٴεںϣڵĴһֿµĴڣ⹦ԭĸӿ£Ƕڹľνġϱ㱻ҿƣ㲻Ҫǻ㲻ħĴǴ˵ĴڣֻҪҵĹ֮󣬱ǵõҵ׿ϣħ˱ںһģֻҪħ֮˱Ӧģ˵ҪΪǻ˵ȻĻ
˵ʱĲп֮ɫѾ൱
һͷ㹻ȥˣħˣҲĹЧұµħӡҲϣҪֻҪԼҲԼ飬ֻҪҵӡ˵ħеĴ˺ںһֻҪħ㲻
ˣǵһֺεȵĴڣ
˵˵Ҷ쿪ʼЩȤΪ·һĴڣ̼һ˵ﻹѧ
һƱĴڣҲѽ͵ģһҲǴħʥĴҵģĹǿԼ£ҲΪʲôôȴᱻѵԵʣһҲҪȥ˽⣬ˣСҵʱ䲻ˡ֮аɡ
˵ħɫѾ¶˳ϴƬɫâͬƶһĿʼ˸ѡ
㲻ƺǿ뿪
ҶЩż˵
ߣҪ𣿱õһħʽ˵һĥ˵ǲѡ㷽ʽģԺҲлķʽڣѾˣ˵ʧһָõĽѰɡ
˵ɫĹâȴѾʼҶΧ˹ȥǧǳƺһ˲俪ʼǿʱҲʼ˷츲صĹر仯ԭǳƺܵ˵ٻһ㣬Ķдɵǳ֮ʼĳҶ
Ϊµɣ߳ħǾ
·ɫҺһħʱȻʼȫĳҶ˹ȥΪԴںϡ
𽥵ֲѽʼٵҶҲ̲סĲ
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ҵʹҶǿебˣֲŭ׵ĿʼŷľĲ
ԺһĿھʼϵ˸лħļ䣬һǧϹЩ仹ǾħģֲҲҶƿصġ
תħǾ֮ļӳ֡
ҶԺдħԵѾǵȻʱѾʼÿǿ
ǡ
Ҷ첻˿Ĵ⡣
ԺǲĿھʼɿıҶǹصĸоȻ˵ǵһεļھҶȴѾϤ˺ܾõӣû˿ɬӣɵת
޴ǳ֮Ҷתһ˲䣬·ҵͻƿһ㣬ٵҶľһѸٵĳ
ǳ֮Ϲ̫ŴܲſԽڿֲķʽյǿǳǸľ룬ɢҲѰ֮˿ȥƿصģӵĲҪ˵ڵˣǡħǾת£ÿһ˿ǳ֮Ȼûκεɬͬˮһ㣬Χǳ֮Ѹٵɲ
üе֮Ӧ֮ʼϵزŵĿֲ֮ȻҶһϵĿʼǿֲǳ֮һǿʼϵĽ֮ʼ
֮ǳ֮Ѱ˿ģ֮ĴҶΪʼٵ
תǿ̶ȸĲѷɫڡħǾڸоǿĳ̶֮󣬾תʼ
ǿһеһƺǿʼ÷֮Ȼǲȥƽദ
֮ĿȴҶ˿ʼŤ֮ʹ岻ϵ
ǧĹ⻪֮ɫɫɫɫʼת
СӡסˣǺǣڴСܹΪһµħ֮
ħõĿʼʧ
Լƣƾǿֲǳ֮Լ꣬ħ˫ĿʼЩģ
ƶ㡣
ˡ

ĲҶĿŭһеһʱƺǿʼøӿֲһħȴʹ˵ʧؼ䡭


338 
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̼ԭĴʱѾƻһţݺвʱֳУҶѾʼҵı仯
ǳ֮ΪԪ壬⡶ħǾҶתߵĶǰԵ·ӡ
Ǻ͡תһǡħǾϵƿأǴϵҲĳ̶ֳϽҶ忪ʼıĸֹǵԴΪҶ޷סֲѹ
ħµһԪʱҶвϵѹƺںͬµĹôʱˣȻ˵ħʣ࣬ʵȴһ۲۵ʥǿߣʥ˵㹻һġ

Ҷ˻ֲ˻аһ޷йʹ࣬ƺҪͼϵľʹй
ȭǿֲʱĶʼһɢɫĹâʼȻı
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һǿֲȭ֮󣬶ʱռпʼ˿ֲһ޴ʯǿеĴĩҶɫȴ΢΢滺һ£ȻʶģУҶȴоԼһǽ֮ϵĥȴʼ΢
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ˡ
ĸоַ·ĲһιصѪҺͻȻð˳ٶȷɿĿʼֳϸ˿ΧסҶ塣
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ǺȻʱҶѾʼʶƾһѪҺʼΧסԼȴûκεķ
ȭͷСһѪҺȴ·޾һĽҶεذΧУҰΧҲڳļǿȻγһϺɫĴ롣
ʼʱҶ廹ڽǵ֮Ǵļͳ̶Ѿƿأƾεȥȴ޷顭
һƻһŵĻһ΢΢еϺɫ룬һƺһ˲˾ֹ״̬
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ԭ޵ϺɫĴҲİΧһĻҳҳĻȥ˸ߵĴһɫһĴڡ
ʱĹȥһУ
ǧĹ⻪ͬǼһ㿪ʼмŹâĳǳһµơâҲǴд̳ġ
һĻӰس⻪棬Ź⻪ϵĿʼչ֮󣬻ӰҲ𽥵Ŀʼ
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һֻѩĴпʼչֻѩɫ˲䣬Īѹ·ħһֲй
ƣ
һȴһɿµƣһͺĳ֣һԹҲ˴С
ɫĳԴɺ˫Ŀѩ׵ֲȴԵ壬Ļ߿µϢüһصʮֽۣ⽣۵ȴԼĿԿһâǵĺۼӵȴһصζ
˲Ҷֻ˭
ʱȻĹȥˣҶӿȥ˲٣ΪԵϵƣһײȥȴޱΣյϢ
ҿڤѪĳ֣ʦȶûʱ֮ʦɾ鷳ˡ
ҲҶʲôǰȴһƬֲըѡ
ʱһµ·û˿𶯣ȴƾϵľʩչҶʵʱѾɲ⣬ȫܹʵЩѰĴ
ʦƷ۷ĳ̶ȣҲһ֮ңڵĳ̶ȣߣ
ʱ㽫Լʵһĳ̶ȴﵽƷ۷ĳ̶ȣҲһµͻưɡҶȻǶԼδܹ뵽ĳ̶ȶЩɨˣ뷨֪Ļǿֻһָӱӵ̬ˡ

Ҷﵭĺȵһĵͺ֮󣬶ʱµѷ쾹Ȼʼø
ֲĳ̶ȣ¼ǿҲزˡ
ǴҶǷƵĻʱҶ컹δԼȫʵ
СӣνԨ֮ˮõıﶼˣﻹһǺǡĵɡ
оħ𽥵ԺʧҶ첻ɵһȻʧĸо
ΣõĴ֮ұĵˣ㽫ҵĵڶλʦⱲ첻ġ
˵䣬һͻȻĴӽ¿ʼڵζǿ֮Ҷɫ漴Ҳʼݺݵر仯
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һֲĺɫʱȻ͵Ĵ濪ʼһĳ֮һµĻ޾Ȼŭ
ǻޣǻۼĿ»Ӱ
ߣ
Ҷĺߵ˵䣬ǻϵĳѾ趯ڿнǲһ£漴һɫĹâȴͻȻĴҶĳм˳ȥ
͡
ͻȻŨһŨҰ̵ĳ֮󣬴Ļ澹ȻǿеĻ˵Ӳʯ
Ǿ˳µĻ֮ĻȴҲѾǧʱǡ
ղŵһˡ
ҶϵһŵͼԭħģֻȴռУͼȴҲȻħ˷֪ԼȴƺǹĲȥħĴˡ
ħ֮ƺ׾ͿԸ㶨İ
Ҷ¶һ˿Ц֮ɫ˵ȴδ˵ıֳ˿ѹڽǻڲϷе棬Ҷ¶һĨЦ⣺
Ԩ֮ˮ֮ˣ
˵ҶѾʼ濪ʼԽȥֲĻǿеĴӵٴεķͼҪҶĸסȻһжǰ״Ҷɫ䣬ȴɿĳһµĺ
֮һжǿеı
˴ʦƷ۷ĳ̶֮Ҷˮ֮ĿֲЧʱѾÿеıЧӳ˵󡭡


339 ߵʬ
ϢĻƺǸоҶİҪ뵽Լأһʱֲ˻ʼɿľۼͼ֪ļһûˣȻһǲʵֵģǿֲľڿҶ֮ᱻϵĺٵĴɢγɿʵʯ
ЩʯǻҾ֮γɵģ̲صĿ»ԾԵĲѰ֮˿Ѱҵģʦ˵ڴޱȵľ
ֻҪЩ㹻ĴԻı
νԻǴдˮľ֮ıֱΪѰټϴʱҪߵļԴڵ࣬ҶѩǹΪܹ׵Ĵ̲ص׵֮ڱǺĺܡ
ħһֵļ֮ҶȻʶЩϣ˲ϵľۼԼĺʼЩĲУΪԼʵޣΪҽ̫ľ޴Ҷĺ뽲СҽͻͳͳĻϡ
֪̰ĽЩ֮ҶǰѾγһӲĵ·ЩȻδȫͨ飬ôȴҲжϳǰҶ첻һļһһĺ޷κεסڽһʱ֮Ҳʹ˷ˡ
Ҷ첻ϵĿʼǰܵѹҲ𽥵ǿϾǵ£һȱԪǻϢһֱΪĻҶ޷㶨ġ
ǰǧҵ֮ҶѾð˵ĺˮǰɫĳҲ΢΢Щ
Ҷľȴ൱ܣΪǰһɫʯųǰħڼıˡ
Ȼڼⱦ֪ħȴظµıԳҶ
ѵ˵Ǵ˵е쵤ҩǿµ
ҶԾԾԵ
ָ΢УһȦȦмűɫĺɫǳ֮ʼۼ
ȥ
ٿеתҶﵭ˵

ǾתħǾǳ֮ǿֲ쳣ҶȴĽֿµĴںһҲҶڵĹѾԭʮĳ̶ȣʮʲôһַͬѰĳ̶ȣͷ·ذ׻һˡ
ըžķɢʼ˳ǱĳҶ˫Ŀ΢΢ΪǰһҫĹâʼصĶѨпʼγɡ
ŲǰȥħҶûκεĻɡ
⡭ǣ
˶Ѩ˲䣬Ҷϱ㿪ʼþΪǰһ߸ߴ׳̶ȵʬǰ
ʬķɫֳһСİɫԱĻһԣʹԼʮӣⶼص㣬صһʬҶ쾹ȻоĲ
ǵģǵȷȷĲҶ޷һʬΪʲôǿҵ
üصӡǿʼϵ˸֮ǿʼɿĳһʬϿʼ
û˿겨ȴҶЩ㲻ˡ
ĿʼɽпһȦɽĹģСɽ棬ٸֱ۳̵ɺɫɢſֲĹâ
֮
ҶϿʼüȻδ֮ˮ֮ĲѾʼԽԽ
ܹˮ֮˷ֻһ֣ǱͬΪĴڣΪϵˣȻҲڵˮ֮˵ǿҡ
˦Уǿҵķ֮ٵĽٸĶ֮иȻԵĴֲڣǾĻ֮ȴԵԡ
ҪĽд֮󣬲ſںϵģˮ֮ı󣬲֪֮Чεȿֲ
Ҷ൱

һĨ·Ǵײһ㣬öдһĹ
֮Ҷ϶ʱ¶һǿҵ˷֮ɫ֮Ѹٵչɽʼһɨһ۲
ܿɽеһ۵͹Ҷע⣬һĨ͹ҶһУ˲͹ĲֱȫĴˡ
һɫĹâ˸
ɫ
ҹĹ󣬵ȴһۿȥһζ
ǷΪڵ˼֮ĹӰ졣
Ԩ֮ˮ
Ҷ˵
ָԨ֮ˮϿʼĶ˼£Ǿʱ򣬹صȴˣָֻһ˿߾Ȼָ棬ҶĶȫ
Ժǿ
Ҷ쾪ȵ˵
İУҶ쿪ʼԨ֮ˮռ
Һ֮ǳصĸоҶпʼԽΪԷֱǳĳء
Ԩ֮ˮʹ÷ҶѾ˽⵽ˣռٷĳ̶֮ҶͣЪ
챦ں֮ҶɲΪԼһʱ̰ȫߡ
Խ֮ѾʼģˣõԨ֮ˮ֮ҶٵĽеһֿʼɢӵΧ
ԭǱһɫҺ壬ʱȴɢʥĹâӵϲϵӵҲЩԨ֮ˮ̲ʼ
ɲ壬ǰһܵ˺ҪܳһʱſȫĻָڿӵѾûмɢҶѾʼ¶ĵ̬
Ԩ֮ˮѾõˣȥ׳̶ȵľ޴ȴʵҶЩΪԷû꣬ȴĲЩ˽⣬ǡǡħļУûеõԷļء
İ棬ͻȻһֹصĸоˡ
⡭⾹ȻǼٵģ
Ҷ¶˾ɫ˵һֹŹֵĶ֮ɫͨӲޱȣеĸо
ˡ
ͻȻһصĹâӶԷüм˳
ħӰٴεĳ֣ҶԷЦ˵
СӣڸļвΪ˱ҽԼһֵ긽˶Էϣһˣһ˶Է֮µģԷݱߣְɣԷ֮ǼӲʯͷһ㣬ͨµоҽڵӣֻҪ㹱׳һѪǱԽԷӦÿԸоԷڻһȴû꣬˵˵Ļ׿ƵģҶԷȻû꣬ǵⱾϵҲٵʵֻҪǻԵɺϱ㹻Ľ߳ɳģϣа
Ҷɫһ䣬ħʧ˲䣬Ԩ֮ˮٵĽΧγһȭͷСĹ
ֻҪǻһ˿꣬ҲҪϣȵԺԽµĸ
Ҷᶨ˵ħļҶҵһֽ긴ҸϵķеĹ൱ӣһЩѾҵˣҶţֻҪԼŬ㹻ĿЩϵġ
ʵ𣿡
һҶϲɵЩ˷


340 λþòˣ
һ˸ŽɫâѪҺĴָϵ
˳ʬüĿʼĻ䣬ǻûȫĵһ˲䣬ѪҺȴѾǿеɵˡ
͡
ǿļⲨɢĦ⾲׵ĻԵͻ
Բǧ׵ķΧǿֲŨĻԪԪ˲һɨգȻɵ޷ԷҶԴȵУԷϵëƺһȦĳ̶ȣɵٶȸӿ
Ҷ춼Ŀʼ˫ĿΧĻԪؼҪγһʵˣҶȴ֣Էһ֪ļһһ㣬ĽȫԪһɨ⡣
ԪɵķΧڲϵļǿ
ǧףס
һ
ɵķΧﵽʮĳ̶֮󣬶ԷɵٶȲʧǿŶѾʳԪ˵Щ棬Ҷ첻ɵþ㵵ĺܣڵЩˣߵʵΪʲôôǿ󣬵ƾԪٶȺͷΧĻߵ½ϵһ࣬ºܿ½ᱻǿеɸɾġ
Էֻһʬ˿ֲһ˵Ļǻøӿ£ٶȺͿµı½˿ȥֿġ
ƺѾԼҪܿҶоԼͶԷ֮һԸϵ

ֹ֮ϵ൱ƶȣƵģǰһȴֻһ뵽˶ԷʵԴﵽĳ̶ȣһܹҶҲΨһĵźʼ׿ˡ
Ȼû꣬ҶǵѪУ̲һ꣬ЩȻ߱һĴڣ˵Ҷ췢ֶԷǿĳϵжϣжϺ;ٶȴҲǡҶҪġ
Եоһ֮Ҷ㾪ϲķ֣Էȷʵħ˵ӣǿĺܣǿ̶ҲС
һûʬ˵ǿߵĿ³̶ȻﵽһֺεȵĲϣ
Ҷ޷Ҳ
ҺҪ½ҪĴǺܴģ˵ܹĿ൱СǺڰȻܴߣҶҲԷԵĲ׵ĳЩľٶһ½֪Ļ»ܲѡǿġ
΢΢˼һ֮Ҷ췢ԼһεջʵĲСΪϴӣʡȥԼĿޣһõԨ֮ˮ֮ǻһλĸֻ࣬ҪԼ׼㣬Ϊ϶Ŀ˻֮֮뵽ĲεģʱĻԼǵǡת͡ħǾЧͬǿ޵еĲΡ
ˣ
ҶͻȻ뵽һ൱Ҫ飬Լһζմմϲȴ˺Ů˵Լ
Ͱӣ˵ԼҲµʱԻȥĳһʱ䣬һѪ꣬ԷǿӲԸ˵ǲԼʬǾԲưոݵġ
һʱҶоԼԴٴεĿʼͷ
ʱѾüޣ΢΢һԼ֮Ҷ㻻һɾĳۿٵѡ뿪
֪ЩЩʲôһսȻ˿ֲϢҶҲյˣ㹻Ӱ쵽ǵаһֱ֮Ȼ˵κβԼһ󲿷ֵı֮ҲķҶ첻Сʱ䡣
Ҷߣ߾޴Եͻ
ʱûжٵı仯ֻаϢʼЩ΢һЩǿ㹻ĿǿĴš
ҶʧľУʮӰҲΪ׵һһȴҶˡɱ
ʱˣСӿѾ˰ɡ
һλͭСĶߵͬ˵˫ĿȴڳǵɱȥȻڼӵĶŶԷ
ɱһԿµ˫ĿĶޣ¶Ц֮ɫ˵
ߣȺ׳գѵ˵δожδıаϢ𽥵ļбȻ˵Ҳоȣȴǿ϶ǸСѲ˸ϵԨ֮ˮάֵµĳ̶ϣȴѾʱΣȴûжٵı仯ѵ˵̶ȶֲ𣿡
˵ɱûмĺȺϽнȴʼŤ
²ĲĻǷǵѰҵĴˣȴСӸռˣСӣһҪţûһùġ
תһȦɱݺݵ֮Ȼ˺ܶ࣬ȴɲŲСЧõɱ϶ʼоһŰϢʼĵײĿƷΧǿѹĻԻڵһʱ̵ı
Щͭ޵һһһֱڰһԹ͵͵Ķŵɱұ۵ĵطȱһֱۣһǵһԴ󷢵ˣܹԹ͵ɱȻֱ۵ĶѺͶԷѲ˸ϵġ
ļɫҲѿӣƺǶĻԽ
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İҵʱˣ˵ĵطȵ˰ʱ䣬һֺεȵĥڰУǵҲ൱ģֲܵĥ
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ˡ
ݡ
һĲʱƿҲʼ
һɱ̹ĵ漴ǰ
һɫĳۣһͷصİɫԴɺ˫ĿüǹصĺۼһеһвҶֻ˭
Сڳˡ
ɱ˵ǺεȵԹǺεȵĿֲ
ڵɱĳҶ쵹ЩȣǺܿı뵽еĹؼ¶һĨЦ˵
Ӵλþò
ˣҪҪɱǣ
յʱҶ챳ʬѾԼ򵥵ĽˣȻֻǼ򵥵ļ仰ǿҵɱ⡣
ǺǡҪô춯ֵĸ»㶯ֵġ
ΪԺ˿ҶݶԷ䣬Էһĳƺ
ǵģ
Ե൱𾴡
СӣһεĴеõıҿѡһ


341 ˫
Ǻǡɱԭɱңѵ˵Ϊ𣿡
Ҷûκεѹ
˵ʱҶ췴Խ̼˵
ǵõ˲ٵģЩƺģǡҵģ
Ȼһ֪СˣõɱȻޱĺȵ
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ôʱˣʮͭ߿νǳﵽĳ̶ֳ֮ȫĿԲϵʱ䣬ʱҲʮͭ޿ʼЩȴҶ쵱εĺǿ߶ԿģӺ˶ԷǿߵǰΧ󻹿Իɱһλǿߵġ
ڵѾı˰ʱŭ𣬶һеıҶ졣
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ԼޱߵѹϢ˲ںһҶΧѹƹȥ
оϵĸıԼΪһζҶɫԵı䣬Ͼÿ˶ڽһһ֮ɫĵɱҶҲеԵɡ
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ͻȻʱһߴĺӰȻҶߡ
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ɱʱѾʼʮͭȻϵĴڣȴҲֻصΪǿʮͭޣûҲͨԼһָ֮ĸı䣬ȴǰһһǺεȿֲԼûаսɵĻġ
㡭㵽ʲôˣ
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ɱֵˡ
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΢΢ûжٵȴҲԵɱоʼӵ̬һ˫۾ڿŵɱʱҲ˸һ˿ȣ˵
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ܿ죬ġ
쵰Ȼҡ
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342 
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оǱ̲صĺ⣬ɱɫ漴һ䣬ǻδȵӦҶȴȻʩչ
֮ǺҶͨڣҶƿѸٱʱĵɱѾסһֵעŶԷһʱ̣ҶҲѾ˶Էǰ
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·ǿʼΧһ˲侲ֹǻиӿµȴǴʱĳֳ˿µķ
·գ֮䣬ڿɱһɲǣҶȴٵ˹ȥ
ǧƵĳȻƾյĳ֡
Щڴʱת
תٶ֮쳬κһ˵
ֲתΧĿռ䲻ʱķǵɱҪȻ
߳ҳ
ǧƵĳյ˵Ŀ֮󣬶ʱһĲпٵĴ
ŤתǿֲĵγһɼԲι켣ŤӴζҶ켴ԶȴɿԸоǿҵɱ⡣
ˣˣ
СӣڵǸ񰡡
ѾȫĽҶΧͷһĵУɱ̲סĵ
ߡ
Ҷߡ
̺׺ĽżִҶʱȻżƷӰһӶɱ۾һƵһӰһ㣬Ϊ׼ȷҶܣĹȻʱ䣬һƬͳУԷĵؽ䣬ӽӴɢϺʵİ׹ǵ̺৵һϯΪ꣬Ӱ¡
һצ
ɺ̲һɭɭ֮⡣

ǴǿߵĴһǿڵõʥļ;֮Ѿ˳
˳ֵ˺УǹصһצѾڲ󣬶ҽǵ·˺һʼ͵ľ𣬡ϡ֮಻˳ƵĿֲӿֲ
ڵɱ޷ŵУҶ쾹ȻƾһУһצĽԼǿһĻˡ
ߣûء
ʮĳɳһǳ֮޼᲻ݵĿֲҶôܾʹһ֮ѡ£߲ӵ˼¡
ݡ



һƵ𶯣ǼҲʹ˱
Ҷȭͷ˳ƼĽȭȭ˶ԷţıУǵɱɫѾӺ˲Ұףֱࡣ
ѪĺУı忪ʼγһֹصŤ󱻺ݺݵشɭɫǵ档
䡭
ټȭֱӵĴŶԷ䵽֮صʱɾƲһѹƶȥ
İ׹ǣ·ѩһУһ޴ȴѾγˡ
ȿȿȡ
ɱʼѪлǴŵɼ⣬Ȼ౻̬
㡭ôǿ󣿡
ɱ޷ŵĽеõһǿ߾Ȼһʦǰû˿ſĻᣬط඼δñ㱻ˣϵļĶѣдʹҲõɱ֪ԼڵȫѾϵˡ
˵ǿǿ߰ԼĻԼ㹻ںڰеõһµ壬ˡ
ǿ𣿲Ϊ̫Сˡ
Ҷһָ˵ɱС
˵û߲Ѹ͡ǳ֮;תĺأħľ飬صһеһںһ֮ҶܹһʦĲλһǿߡϸ˵ҶڳûͻƵĳ̶֮⣬ǿҲûж
ڰˡǺǣû뵽Ȼߵˡ
ҶЦ˵
ߣ
ɱһĨɫȻǶ֪
ϧϧΪڰеĸ߲㾹Ȼ֮¶á
Ҷ¶һ˿Ц˵˵ָһɼĽѾ֮γˡ
ҶɽǿԨħһɽΪһļУῪɽҰĻҶɽҲΪҶɽ˵ɽǺһСɭֲ࣬ƵЧˡ
ɽһΪҶСĵطĵطȻ󣬵ȴΪŲСزټΧȺɽԲٵӶǻѡһʱסľõҲĹ߾˵һλӵĴӶʵѾ˴ʦƷΣ˵ٻµΡ
ոưõһӶȻҪȥǸļѰҺޣһֺεȵ谡
һֵһд˳˵һλģı뺷ӣһĺϸߴ壬ǲȥҲ֪ԷһӶˡ
ʱвϵʶԼβĻȻŷԼڵҺ塣
ȻһζʵЩ˷ԱߵѾʼüͷ
˵꣬Ŀɲɰⲻãζȴס
˵һЩڣһЩӣʱסԼıӣȻǶںζʵǸо
ߣĺڸӣζðҿǼǵõȥ¥ʱĲȥ㺬ţǼ˫Ǯ˼ҲǿӦ˵ǿûԷ
𣿡
ڸȻʡ͵ĵƣ仰֮ɫʱǷߵһѾ
˵ɫѾˣǿѾһʱˣĿøûг֣ʱĻϽѰҡ
ﾲŵһӴ˵ӵЩ뺷úܣٱڸԼ˵Ҫĳ̶ȣȻûվȴѾʾ˱뺷ߡ
һһֱĬĬĳһ鿾⣬ǴΧ˵̬ĻȴƺǶЩɵ
ж
ʱǸһֻڳͻȻĽе
ɭ޿ʱֵܳģӵĻ䣬ʱѾ˿ӣɿ쳭˱˽䱸
ңңһӰĳ˵ǰ˴˵֮󣬺ϲɵ¶һĨϲ֮ɫ
Сӵֻﲻ


343 ֮Ӷ
ɫۣԴһ˿ݣѩɫļԼ߹ʣ˵ӴԼʮ߰ĳ̶ȣһͷɫĳԴɺ˫ĿںһƺǴһֵ졣
ǴʱڳĺڸӡѾĿ˶Էϸ˵ǿ˵ļ
ǴĳݵһݶرǷڶԷüԵ൱
˵ҲǺ֮ǴԨħ߳Ҷ졣
ǰĺˣҶüͷ΢΢ѾǵһεĿˣ̰дһĨռеɫȻǿϵСס
ɦŪ˵ļһҶʵЩͷС׼ֱΪԼ鷳ϵԴͷ
ÿζΪСһ¶ˡ
Сӡϵĳҿˣŵʮҡ
һ˷֮ɫҶ˵ʮӺһ۵ƺǺķ൱ľһ
Ǹ̬߰ͬҶӦڵϣȻڵϽܶԷĽһ㡣

Ҷ쵭ĶŶԷ˵
һţȻùԲ͵ĳҶ󲽵̤ȥ
꣡
ڳĺȵ
һԺ󣬺Դ̲ס־µʵЩЦ˵ʱ򣬲ǺǺڸԼǸߴļһȴ̲סĺͺ¶һı顣
֮ӶŵĶӳç
ӻ߹ԼƶҶ˵
ڶԷľٶҶ쾪ȣ˸һľ㵺ͻ֮̿ɫһʵ̫˽ˣΪԷʵѾǿʿƷĳ̶ȣΪԷԸһľǲͶ֮׵ʲô̸ˣȴһİ֣εĲǾȡ
ҶһǺܿȴ΢ЦԼ֣
Ҷ죡
˵ȵؽӴһһɴ漴ĲҶɫ䣬΢΢çȴøӵľУҶƷ·һ޻һȴƾεվ޷Ҷ㶨
Ҷֵһ𣬲çѾʼע⵽ԭɭһ˺δ˵ĳһɭֵڲֻֿܣһֱǶԷδκεϮһȴʵѾˡ
̶ܹ߳ﵽĵزǴʦǿߣ򼴱ҲܰȵĴﾭϺδˡ
ڸое֮󣬲çȴڵĿʼ϶Լеĵڶֲ²⣬Ҷʵǿ󣬶Ѿһֿµĳ̶ˡ
ǲǸ÷ſˣ˵ҶûʲôȺá
ҶЩεĿŲç˵
çӿȥҲͶʮ˾ĳ̶ȣһͷɫĳͷһԻҰ׵ĳ۲ʱ˸ļ̬Ƿ˵˵ǿĺܡ
ҲûУ
çҧгݵ˵Ҷ˵ʵƵĺܡ
Ǻꡣ
곯Ҷ˵
ϾɵӣܹӶųõлҲûɵӣʱٿеèĻƿȥˡ
Ǻǣղһᣬѡ
ڸӵҲ໥Ц˵ʱҲʼԼµҶ顣
ƺΪ˲ɱްɡ
ҶЩ˵
˵Ӿĸ׵ģΪһõӶȻҪΪһС׽ޣһû˿͵ȥĻ쵰
̲סĽ
꣡
ç̲סüͷҶϾˣһһոսʶģҶϢһ㶼˽⣬һ˵עġ
ߣʲôѾܹˣ뿪ȥĵط档õһӶѪƴѾ൱ѵˣȴҪΪһСʲôʲӵĳ棬çܵ𣿡
˿ҵ˷йͻƿڣʱĺѾʼ̲סŭ
˵ʲôأ
ҶЩֵ˵
çε̾ϢһЦ˵
ҿСֵӦǱ˰ɡ
Ҷĵ˵ͷЦ˵
ǵģһ
çЦ
ѹ˵֪һյʱȥһˣǰˣСֵܲȥӶɡ
ҶҪҵıѪ꣬뿪ѪʱСѾͷһö֮ӣоöӾԶ˵ΪѪĻǵҪ뿪Ҳܾ˵
Ǿ߶ˡ
Ȼʼϲѡ
çоĵҶʵԵĳԼӦŲʿƷ۷ĲΣԼʿƷľҪǿĶܹ࣬ﵽڵĳ̶ȣȻԷ϶ĲܽʶҲ൱ĵġ
СΪҶСΪҶɽЩһҲΪӶΪ˻ϰٷ֮ʮӶٵҲϲ﷢Ƕ֮ӶһģӶţϳȥײܹ֮սҲ˵ĳ̶ȣʵǿҲ࣬ƽһ㶼ȥһЩСҶСһӶΪӶţӶҲҶСʵΪǿһˣȫŵﵽǧ֮࣬ʵֲĺܣԱʵԶԶĳǡ
Ҷĵ˵ͷѾһĲ²⣬üͷȴ˵
ƺΪӶźǶ֮Ӷ֮ĦǰճĻԷӦòĦģҼǶԷεǿֻҪǲҲɿȥĵطġ
˵ǲʵȴˡ
ղųҪ˵ĺЩƵ˵
ӶʵҲ£ҶСкܶ˶ĺܣӶŵ˲ϰԵֶײУ˵ĺܣ˵ЩӶĻһҪСû취ǶԷĺ̨Ƚǿ󡣡
ɰԵһ൱µļһʥӶ½жǼӶ֮һȻѾɢˣʵϾ˵ٵĹǸɳԱӶеҪְ˵ʵѾﵽ˴ʦĵزӶĶӴģȻ˦ƹ񣬵ڵģټϿֲ˵뿪Ļȥ˱ĵطҲġ
Ҷ΢΢ĵ˵ͷ飬ҲȣϾºܳġ
ӵĻ˵ӶԼгɰԵΪЩС͵ӶţӶŵųɷǳɰԵĶӣԼӣɷʵȻǿ󣬵ΪֲǶԷһ൱ɫļһⲻԼΪķѾ߸ŮˣǸŮɱƽʮ꣬ȴһļˣԼĸһɫҷҪĶ뷽跨ĵõǲҪöٵֻҪҪˣʹЩСӶŵȥҡ
Ҷüͷ΢΢˵㣬ӶŻЩˡ
Ҷ첻飬ﾺ治̭߱ǹϵĲ̫֮ˣҶܲġ


344 Ӷŵĳ
ԭǶٵĻܹǸ˵һЩҪ󣬵ǶԷƺǿ׼Ƕ֮Ӷź۸ڸѾȥǵĸܣÿζѡһЩֻȥĳӶŵֵЩͲסˡ
çΪΡ
ΪǺˮŵ𣿾˵ǺˮųиöӰ˳ÿΣҴϹ൱ãӿǿǼһﻹͳɱһ˵ЦأߣưʱԷ֮ĵҲǺˮŵԵʡ
Ϊߴλӿ˵˵ֵҶ൱⡪ţ
ͶԷΪƣԷǿ׳ȷʵһͷţһӡ
ʱҶԴ΢΢һŤɭ֣¶һĨЦ⣺
ôͻˡ
˻ںʱͻȻϾȻȻ춯ǿҵĲж֮ӶŵѾʼԽ

һǿҵĵֻ֮һλĸߴĴɭֵʼ˳
λߵӿȥʮӣһֲļ⼴ţ֮󶼾һĶ£һԹص˫ĿȻɫȥͫײϸСҾʵЩˡ
ڶԷıһ޴ĳѾﵽһĳ̶ȣֻƿӣǶԷվŲֿµɱ֮ѾԵͻվ˴˵ĶֱЩվסˡ
ˡ
ҶЦ˵
һٴεļ˿ʼ¶˾ȵɫȻʼʱѾ²⵽ҶܻʶλߣǵĿʼƺ˶Է֮ǵޱ𾪣ҴӶԷĿ㹻ĿĳҶ͸֮ƺʶ˵ļ򵥡
ǵģˣڤ䡣
ĵͷ˵Ҳڤ˳
ˣ
ʱǲç̲סصһӿʼǰνĸʼбѾ޷ζΪԷƣԷǶԷ̬޲˵˶Էһ֣㹻޴ĳֱһ˼ֲĳһ޷ԦģǾһȴҶΪˣǺεȿֲĳƺǴǰҶ⸣ӿ£˵Ҷ챳ӿֲ
뵽Щ֮󣬲ļҲʼû̿
ŸĳҶ˳ֵһ飬ֳصķȴҶһĴеĳ
һǴӵɱеõģԭĳδﵽ̶ȣû뵽Ϊ˽ԼΪʵĵزĽǾеĲϸİǹˣȻеľС
ѩףɭɭ˳쵽˵µľ޴˸ſֲıɷһѪԵúǿ¡
һ˼ɱ
Ҷ̲סİ̾
ˣѾŵˡ
ȻĶҶ˵
Ҷ˵ͷԵĶڤЩϿʼ΢˷һ¡
ҪķѵĲǺεȿֲô궼δ𻵣ɼϵĿºͼӲԣҶԴѾЩĶˣڴԼĳʱҪҲ࣬ʣµľҲҶڤС
λҵѸ
ҶָŸЦ˵ǸȴȻĵͷѾĿɿڴ˵
˵ụָ̄
ƺĲϻָĳЩѾʼúͳԽӽҶʵЩģϾߵ˽Ĳ༴ֻһʬ壬ȴҲҶܹо͸ģŸʵȥĻҶ컹ЩڴĪ²⣬뵽˶ԷԼ֮еѪҺΪϵҶеĵҲ𽥵ʧˣϾԷѾħɵˣҶɲΪԷܹǿеµꡣ
ڿ֮϶ʱ¶ȻʧЦӣΪĸѾʼ˴͵״̬
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ҶųԾеĲç˵
ŶŶ߰ɡ
çʱɲҶҶʲôľٶˣΪȻ϶ûе⣬ȴڽ䱸ǽ䱸ֱ̬ڶŷһ㣬ȻֻҪһʲô飬ǵı˲һ
εĲ֣Ҷ̬ε˿Ĵ⡣
ҶСǴŷҶ֣Ϊӽ뵽֮󣬶ʱǷζһֵƮ
ҶЩȵ֮󣬲ç㼱æĽ͵
Ӷ֮⻹һЩԭʼЩ˴ҶСֵʱˣıǵ̸ϸľΪΪǷľټڼӹʱһЩϣںһĻһֶص
Ҷĵ˵ͷ˵
ԭˣ˵ǲҪ˵ľģϾΪȻЦڽӴʱ䳤֮ǻᷢʵһ͵ˡ
仰֮󣬲çɵķһİۣΪǿҶŤԴ˲䰮㸣˫ĿıŰâڳǿǿеģεܹƽ
ÿÿ𣿲ϵùӶſ·
վֵϣͻȻһ֮һŽ͵Ľ˳һǿҵĵ𶯺
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ˣӶŵΪʲôô٣Ļ쵰
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ţ˷ܵ˵Ǹáû£һԵĲãݺݵصһۣһǸ˵
ˣǶ֮Ӷŵ飬Լĺð
˵ֹҪ˵ţ˿ٵĳҶ칰˹Ʊæ뿪ˡ
ΪʲôΪʲôԷһ𰡣ҿĳҶ첻ǸǿߣλȴһλǿĴڣҿӦĴʦǿˣǰƱ˾ˣܹǿĴںһĻԵĿԽǵ鷳ġ
ţȻЩĿ£ĻҲ൱ֱӡ
ߣǿƽʱʱӴǺ£˵ʱӴĻǷڴĳֹĽӴöԷεĿǣ
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ǺǣǸύˣȻ˵ĻȥƺҲһ°
ҶŸ˵
˵İš



345 ǧһ
һСηݣֻһȴʯţʯŵһŻ֣ȻڹرպʹõġʱʯŵԵĴһѾɢѷ죬һǱǿеķϳһ֡
֮εͥԺΧֲŴķ䣬ԵĿһҲٵʮӣÿһ䷿ĹģҲֻȴԵ൱¡
ʱ޴ͥԺоۼٶ˵ӣЩ˵䲻һȴڸǵķŭ֮ɫŭ֮ɫĿǰȥ൱ŵļһ
Ϊ׵һӲʮӣɫ԰дһ˿̬ζȻһĻԵʮ㣬һ˫ʱʱ˸µĽթ˫Ŀȴ˺ø
˫Ŀضһλһеӡ
ߴ壬׳ı۰ɫĺŭĻĿһе˵һһѪӣȻѪ൫ȴļƲ㡣
һַ·Բһıε壬һкǹŹ֣Լֱɰ׵ĳ̶ȣ忴ȥһ䵶ȴ䵶ӵĺܣĩһɫİ֣Ĺâĺϵ˸ƺڸԼĶһµɱ
һλݲ׵긾ŮؿӵıȻһķŭȴûκεĵӣȻǶ鲢¡
ŮӵȻѾӣһĽϰ͹µķֲںдżʵ˲˲ٵ
˫ĿдŽթ֮ɫһ̰֮ɫĿһŮӣ˫ĿʱڶԷİ͹֮صѲӣַ·ʵһʱŮӵϿʼŭͨ
лʲô˼ƽ޹ʵĽҶ֮ӶŵʯŴ飬ѵ˵ΪҶ֮ӶǺˮŲɣ
ΪлƺûǰڳԼŭһ㣬ֻһ˫۾ȴϿĸ˵
η飬ݽۣɫѩףʵǴϵŮӰѹ˵ҵĸ׵ڶŮ˵ʱ򶼻̲סĽг֣һȻǲͬ죬Űٺ٣߰ϲˣܻӭߴŭ˵׹ֱ̬̲סľҪһˡ
ߣ
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仰֮׳ӵϲɵ¶ӣƺǶлĻ൱⣬ȻЩ˵ǰ¶˼ӡ
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㻹ΪԼǸּҲ·ͷҽվ԰
лǽһŰǲϵ˵
ţ㣬Ůǿˣ˵ǺķһҲͰˣ˵ҪӲĻҲ

ŵƣԹ裬ǻֱӵᱡԼӣκεһѪԵ˵޷ܵġ
һ˿ûаȴûаǣΪ֮Ӷŵųʲô֮ˡ
̵ģȻų裬Сҿǻζ˰ɡ
ǣ˾͸˵ơ
֮Ӷŵ˿ʼŭĺǼƷڵȴԼųֻҪһ£Ի˲ʱ̽һ
ĻĿʱѾ˿ֲ˫ͫԼɷŨ
СӣôĹ
ŭ
͡
޴ڿзһ̶ĦӰУһէȴ಻ľһˮһĿʼй
еһɫԲνȫΪɣȻȴٶȼ졣
һ̰֮ɫų˽ѲӵлѾʼһˮӣ̬ʵȥΧû˵Ļ϶Ƿȥһ
뵽Ҫ䵽ԼƾԼŪлεĲ˷ܣǾʱȴΧĿȻʼ
ĳУһԲεĽѾԼԴѹȥ
лϹǲǿϧ˵ʵȴ߼Ʒĳ̶ȣʵҪ˵ǵֿˣƽʱǱһ۶ŵû
ʵʦƷǶ֮Ӷŵĵһ֣ҲΪĴڣ˵֮ӶŵʵҲǱһЩͨӶǿٵġ
ʢŭ֮µľ֣ٶȳѰѸ͡
һԷ·Ƿ転һֲ˫ĿĶԼɼԲ½ǿʼסԼ˿˿ĺԼÿһεĺԡ
󡭡˾ң
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346 ӵĲ
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岻ǲ˲佫ǰĲãɱص֮ȴоԼƵεסˣڵоԼͬڵһ㣬ֻҪԼκεӣԻ˲䱻˸ɱˡ
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޹нʱٶȣڽֵʱκεķ񣬶ʱȴǡǡǷˣãȻ֣еȴûͣ٣˫ȭѸٻ˳տٵĽѾ¶˿Ϯ˲С
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ٵĴϢǲç˳ղŵν൱յģţҲӦ˹ȻĽǲç˹ȥ
ȿȿȡСӣΪҷԵʣûпܽҴɵģĻ쵰
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죬ôˣ
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ҶЦ˵ǲçţ˵ȴ¶˸мɫҶĻȷʵ԰ﵽæġ
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Сӣǵĸų㾹Ȼ˵ӣҿ
һɫ΢ֺͱƵпԿóԷ̲ų̶ȲСԷ˼Ȼ൱ԵģһΪ̽ҶʵһҲΪһӡ
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ڱҶס֮л漴¶һЦñȿ޻Ҫѿӣһ˫۾ǿʼȥȻϣµܹʲô
ߣµ˭ǷҶСȻʵǿ󣬵ȴӶž㣬

ը֮಻·ǾŭһĴҶΧϵĲǿµѹ弱˹ȥ⻹ΪµģڸܵҶŭ֮Ȼƾյı飬涼˾ʹ
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ʱҶѾЩʧˣΪлϣǸоһ˿ӵĲѪϵģȴܹӶԷϸоҶεĲŭ
㡭ҹ
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347 ţ
ˣġûе
л϶Ҫ¶ӣʱ֪ǸǺεȵĿɰŶԷӣҶ֮ҪоԼĺʼ
һɫ˫ĿѪɫСŮ𣿡
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Ҫʲôҵ˵ûаյĻҲὫ
һƳ׶лˣʱǰ˿嶼ȥǵĴڣһĴϢ֮·ͻȻ뵽ʲôһ㣬˵
СôһˣһȥҲʮСѾͷúȴһһᣬӶүƴһС˵ҪնԷΪС檣û뵽СѾͷԸǿĺܣĲͬ⣬ȻҪǿû뵽ԷȻƣСѾͷڱ
ҶɫѾʼԽԽˣѾ϶ǸСѪ꣬Ȼ˵ѪѾԼڵġϹǱϾֻǿʼûԼָڶʱ֮ڴﵽߵĲεġ
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ǰ̫ˣʵ䣬Ǵˣܹʶֱĺˡ

Ĳҽ˵ĶԻֻҶߣл徹Ȼʼ˵ϣǿֲĲҽз·˾޴ʹһ㣬Ǽӣлȴ·޷һ㣬ֻǲϵĲҽС
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֮¶˾֮ɫæҪһ̣֣ԼǴеһСۣûκεĵֿ
еҡҡ׹ƺʱɥȪ֮ʱΧѹȴȻʧ١
ҡҡͷƽһױȵľתͷȴǡÿΧͬ
ǵȵӦ˲䣬ҶȴѾŲçѸٵ뿪
һ޴ĸۡ桮Եøλ⽨Ļ;޴̶ȻǶ֮ӶſԱġ
µϺýĴſȥʮ㣬ݺݵؿһţç¶˷ߺ޵ɫ˵
ӶڵĵطˣռʮĶķΧŶԷкĵӶԱ
䲻ڶԷǿκĽ
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΢ļӶϴ˳߶ûһ㱻ֱгƬ
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ѪкεȵĿֲźͷ񡭡


348 
һŭĺ漴ʮֱֳеӶǸղŵײѾ⸮ۡ˵ע⣬ڿ˵ֲ̲Ѫ֮ȴȻֹҶЦֹĺȵ
Ҫˡ
˵Ҷ˫Ѿٵĳǹ
ʿѾһǿˣССĳǲĴڣʦӵǿΪҪߵǿļԸҪһʦָϵͳҲǰӶֻһЩСС߼̶ȣߵһλҲʿƷոսеĲζѡ
˫ֻУתǳ֮ںһǿ·Ĳûʵ̫ͼ
ǿںϣԭ֮ſγɵ̫Եĸ֮ǰĳˣʱޱһУǿĻӷ֮ϵĵƤĴɡ
·ѽٵеӶǿеľ˽
ȫû˿ѹһĲãֻǿǰһʱΧĿʼ仯Ѫ·һʢһдһɺķ
ΪһʿˣãʵҲΪ΢ˣֲֶΣɱݽ棬Ѵ̼֮ʮӶǰȫʧˣµֻһͰ׹ǡ
ǿĺѾۼ˲ٵˣЩ˶Ӷǵðһǿҵĺġ
ҶСֹˣţһ֡
һѵ˵֪˭ĵ̣ǿǳɰԵڵĵطϵʵѾﵽ˴ʦǿڣ½Ҳһְ
һλƲ̲ס૵
Ҫ߳ϣ˵öԷмء
һλӷɿķӦ˹˵ֱӵķԽԼƥѸٵ뿪ˣĻٵҲڷӦ˹ȴΪʱΪѾܵûӰˣδҵǽһưõĻ̼ıʧȥˡ

ҶתűЩֵӶǵĺȵ
һأȴΧһƬɲʽɢ˳ȥ
Щ˵ĶУһöҴ㣬ݺݵǵУǵ
һ֮䣬ڳ˶˫һͷð亹ڵأȻһվŵҲûˡ
çһ˼һֳݵҶ쿴ȥ
ʲôǸ֣ĸְö̼ı㶨ôˣǺεȵǿ󣬺εȵĿֲ
еӶɫʼò԰ʱǲ֪ԼղŵжǺεȵıҶʵ̫ǿԼƺǸоɰԵƺҲ޷ǰ鷳ġ
һɽĵطһλѾŵӶޱȵĶҶ͸Ӿͷ·ڿһħһ˫ȴɿĴǳһѸٵ
ż֮ȴ˵ϣһ޴ĽһεĶҶ¶ӣȻǶ©֮൱Ĳ
ҪģΪҲҲҪģҪɱ䣬١٣
Ҷﵭ˵
ɱϢεȵĿֲ
ӵ·ͱһ㣬ۡʱͬʱӰƿն˲ѾǰԺ֮С
Ϊ׵еλѾﵽʦĵزҲΪǿˣеһλҶ컹Ϊ˲Ǳ壬һλѾ뷢ףϵȴ൱ֲȻʵǿҶüǹصĹâ˸
ħۣ
Ҷüâӡǵ֣ԼâǵĿԿһֻص۾ڲʱ˸ҲҶˡħǾ֮ģһص˼ħ춼δ漰Ŀֲܡ
Ҫ֮һҪǿΪ֧ţħ֮㹻һеĻ󷨣ӶпµãֻҪǳԼĸȼĳ̶Ҷ춼ԿóĸȼɲĸƷһЩǿĹЧҪҶԵ֤ˡ
ҶħжԷǵʵȻǱһ
ʦƷ۷壬ұͨƷ۷ƺҪǿһ㣬תѰ˹һЩӦǶԷǿԭɡ
Ȼ㣿
Ҷ̲֮סĴϸǳ޷ŵɫڿ˵ϵĲ֫Ѫʱǲ
ǰŸոշֿȴּˡ
Ҷ첻м˵
˭ܵ˭ָɾȻҵӶŵҰ
ߵüͷȻǶҶΪ൱ɵӣܹ̼佫ĳԱɱȻʵѾ˲²⣬ΪЩӶˣûӵĳԾ
ϻû˿ָңҰߣҽվҰҺΣǳƽг
ҶΪĵıѪ飬ȻͶԷȥ˿Ľ
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ʱһŭĺһӰҲ漴˸˵ѹҲѾҶ˵ǰ
һĳۿȥʵ
󼸸ŮҲһĸ߰ͷŭ֮ɫüеָ߰Ӻһޡ
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ɷЦ˵
ģһѣĵͺˣѵһذ
Ȼ˵ӶǸں
ԽԽӶѾΧҲ¶˵ɫһ˵ʵεǿ󣬵϶Ҷ͸ʵԲܴﵽĳ̶ȣֻҪӵĻһоͺðˡ
֮ӶţŰɣʰСӣֵˡ
˳ǸǧĵŮǰд̬вɵôܳһ˿磬ҶĿֲʼ𽥵ȴȥ
ߣ˵ĺεҶ֮Ӷŵ˻ΪǸСл𣿡
㡭쵰
ɱƵٴεļ
˵ɷȻںںҶߵĸƾŶľ飬ĳһߣ֮ģҶʵûǴӸƺҶΪģѾʼҶٴεػﵭ˵
½ջɱҲˣǱϾɱҵˣҪһ˵ܹӶŵĻǴҾһˣôˣûǿɾͲҪˡ

ų
ĽҶʵоЩЦԷ֮˻Ϊ׼Լ˶࣬ȴ֪Լʵ
㣿ߡ𣿡
ҶǳɷԭǵЦ˲


349 ߲
ɷɫ൱ѿǸԷӦ൱µʵһָоָоҲֻԼĸ׳ɰԵŸо
ҶСӶΪǿģڶʿҲҲΪʲôСӶȴȫѾ׵׵ĳΪʵˡ
ôδ˵ӶţǰҶ첻ܾ˵ֱǲ˿棬óɷεĲŭεɫ䡣
ܺáСǵһҺӶ˽аˣܿҲΪ޴۵ġ
ɱƵ˫Ŀ¶˷ܵɫ뵽лȻϵ֮б㿪ʼŭҲ˵ı飬ǧӶʼԴԴϵĴΧΧżһʦǿôҲ˵ͷʹĺܵġ
С˵һµΪȻԷĹҲ൱ǿģֻҪҵõŹģҵΪһͻƣʱӶŻҵ֮𣿡
ɱ֮ʼеӶŵӶɢ˳ǺӶŵ˲һǲçȴû˿ӵӣ֮෴һֹص΢ЦڼʶҶʵֶ֮ѾʼԽĸоǰǺεȵغǿ󣬶Է̼ı㽫ôӶϵʵֱδҶǿҵġ
ʲô˵Са𣿡
ʱһĽһд˳һλɫ԰׳һԽթ۵ҡеڼȵ˹
ĻһλŮҲ§˻ôȴڶԷռűˡ
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350 ټ׽
һλ뷢׵ߣһӵĻɫɼһֱֻ۱סһֻ¶ڿУֱϵĿ¼ȴҲѰ֮Աġ

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351 һ˯
ҶԤϵһ޶Ӷŵ߽⣬ѸҶСпʼΪһҶӶżֱΪһ޴ķһ㡣
ɰԵȥ־ӶѾʧȥ˸ֵıӻЩʦΪǿ߻ϱҶɱ˸ɾʣµЩ΢˱ԵĴڸӲܾڱϷ״˳ŻͽԼˡ
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352 ֮
Ҷ죬һҪ˯һ
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ҶûָСһһݺݵر˵
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ʱȥ֮СѾͷҲǲʮ꣬ʮȴѰŮʮķҪá
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ߣƺйЩɣѵ˵Ϊѩǰ˲ɣ
Ҷɫδ䣬ֻȴȻĳŵϰȥĶ֮ĵ濪ʼҵĲ
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𣿺ߣû뵽ﾹȻῴʬĹħˡ


360 ʬ
㵽˭
ҶץУ˵ɫʱĴ䣬˶Է˵Լ֮ɫʱĿʼ䲻ѡ
ǰҶ쵹Ϊ֣նԷĻһҲǶʮĳ̶ȣʵҲʿĲΣ޷ùԼ͸Ĺ۲죬ǶԷİҲǲԼ˵ǰѪߣҶԷҶƾħ촫иԼļϿĳһûҡ
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ħ۵ǿǡħǾǿħΪһħεܹĵĽԼľҪһȺɱ֮ҲڴڹĹµֶΣ˵δȥĻһ㵹ǻ׽ģǽħˣԼħİпƣǸܸоеȱݣڲһˣħѾˣǵ߿ʼչ˳ڲһˣҶѾħȫǣһħ촫кϿɵһħ֮еĴ˺͸ֶζһһĺںϡǣһ
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ħĹħ촫ģεĲԷ㣬˵ûħ۵ĻҶҲҪķһ񣬵ȴ㹻ˡ
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Ҷüͷ΢΢漴˵
ʬĹħƺӦôԼħΪʲôҪ֮ܵ
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⡭лһЩԭ򡣡
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ڵʬûжֵӣЩ֮ͽȫʧȥսǸֶθûսʤ뷨
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˵ǱҪڶ̶̵ʱн뵽εĻǸǲܵ飬ǶҶ˵ȴҲֻǱȽϵ鷳ѡ
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Ѫ飬Ҷ쵹ֿЦõ뷨ԭʬ뱾ֻ֮ΧС򣬲ɿѪ꣬ʱԷʸסˡ
һǿ˵ѾʼͣͲǰĻǵӵĴ൱ؼģʬĵӲ٣ܹõеȴ٣ڿѪ֮㿪ʼˣ߶ԷҲȫΪ˽ԼеԷչȥ


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ѪֵĿһۣȴδ뵽ԷڿѪ֮һԺɫ۾ȴ¶һĨصЦ⣬Ѫ˰֣һ̰ĶŶԷֱһҶ켸˵Ķߣ
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ΪʲôҪӼۣûǮˣҸﻹҪӼۣ
衢ΪʲôӼˣ
粻ǰ׳գȻղľٶΪֵŭԵЩ׳գǺܿҶĻȴʼȫȴ
ȴȴʼץ˰򰡣żôǿ󣬵ȴҲỨ˰һӤġ
СӡΪʲôӼˣҼӼ۰ҲݣTMDˣǲǣ
Ҷ쿴ŶԷץ̬һ˿ζĻȴʼ¶
ʵҲͦɵƵģҿĻٱɵҪõĶ࣬ΪٻѧжˣſԺԲһɡ
ȻԲУ
Ѫ˵
ʱ˵ĶԻѾ˸ˣЩ˶֮ôʱˣ˺ܿжϳ֮Ĺϵ
ԭڽϾȻŵԿ
˰ӤôֱʣӤΪ߼ɫҶҲֵ۸ġ
ߣŵˣһﲻ֪ͷֱǸͷ࣬ȻŵѾˣֻҪ֮УǾ͵ȵŵıɡ
֪ƨֲ֮ϴ㻹Ϊǿһ첻ɣ

˵ѾʼǺӤļֵȻ챦ȴҲֵ۸ģԼĸ֪ԼȻ˰˰һӤǲǻԼ
ܺã൱ãСӣˣȻңһ֪ҵĺǺεȵأ㣡
˵ٴεĿѪ꣬һԹصĺɫ۾˸˷Ĺâ
СүһҪҵūһֻ֪󻶵ūŰɣܿҾ֪˱үһεȿֲ飬ҪĸʮʮҹֱɡΪֹ澣
ĻȴѾҶüͷ΢΢󵭵˵
𣿡
ѪԼǷۺɫС಻м˵
ҵţ
ɵӣ촽µӣʱһȵĻ濪ʼСϿʼ޲ܽǰѪѹڵϣȻ˺ѶԷȹԼݺݵĽĥԷ
үǧĲҪ嶯ᣬѵ˵ҪĹ𣿲Ҫ˵ӥˣǧҲǿ׵ġ
Ƿ̬֣ܼҼæס˵
ߡзִ硣
Դ֣ܼѾ׵ˣһĶ֣һˣ֣ܼڵ뷨
õ˵зִĻڸ㵽ڵ𣿡
ǶԷݱϾԼ֣ܼҼŭʮ㵫ȴҲ޿κΡ


364 Ԫ
ҪȫܵģŵȻҲ޷ӵԭ֮һǧ˸¶Էˣӥ̵Ķ˹˹֣ҶԽԽ˳ۣİԼ׬ȡıĽңǰ׬ģ˶ǽһм
ǼʼͨһֵλӦҲ֪ˣһӤѰӤȼƷνǸӵĹء
ӥ˵Ļ֮󣬶ʱΧĹâٴεһλźɫȹŮӻ˳ΪŮӵòʵıĺܣһȴŻһ飬ںϣʵ̲סҪһ̽еİ͹֡
ɫĳȹǰ͸ģڵƹԵ൱ģдһֱĴ̼̲סҪ
ƫƫֱȴٴεΪ֮ȴջѾǸղŵЩŮǿԱġ
ǿŮҶڼЩŮӵǳʱҲһʧ񣬵˵ԷԼŮҪ㣬ڶԷװһֶصջ
Ϊ׵һλŮӷ·һֻ߰Ŀȸһ㣬ѩɫǸʵأȻŮҲ൱ޣǺͶԷȽϵĻȴһֳѰǿ𺳡
Ҳݣⲻˮеϰźõ𣿡
ͻȻ˴Ľ
ԭɧ˵ôأȻ޵ĺܰŮ˵ѹԷĴϢʹǸһô鰡
ǧ˾Ȼܹ뵽ŮˣĴֱʰ˵ŮۿѾﵽʮҵĳ̶Ȱ
ӥȻ˵ڵȵ΢ƽϢһ֮Ż˵
һöҩٺ٣öҩλһڴ컯
ʲô
һҶɫȴʼҵı仯Ϊֶ˵İΪҩ޵ݣڵõħ촫еļ䣬൱˽⡣
ȻǴ컯ȻǴ컯ǧȻԵô컯̫̫ˡ
ҶʼЩת˼֮ƽ
ҶıȴҲֻõģ˴ʱѾȫ˴״̬Щ˵嶼ʼٵĲ
컯Ȼ㴫˵еĵҩ
ȷΪʲôǧȴ
˷
⵹ΪɶԷȫĲ˽ǧͼԭ컯֮Աԡ컯֣ȫΪԷѰҩ޷Ч
컯֮Ŀֲν컯һʣȴֺһ޵ϢϢأһ˵ʵ޵ģǱȴ޵ġ
е˿ڶ̶̵ʱдﵽһӶ޷ﵽľ磬ȴ޷ȥ˵ߵʲãֻ˵ԷǱûбھ
컯ȴһԷȫĿ԰һ˽еǱӳǶ֮˵Ľһ˵Ǳӳȫ˵˷ܣʣµ޴ȴ㹻ڳ˿ʼ
޵ѰҪĶ࣬ԽʵǿԽӳǼٳҲһޣ˵ʵﵽһƿƿȴҪʱ䣬ڻʣʮǺεȵΡ
Ƿʳ˴컯֮ȴ㹻һٴεӰԪֻҪڴʦµֻҪǷʳ֮󣬶㹻ʵ˲ͻƵ¸ȼ
ʦǿ֮бǿ˲ٵʦǿڴʱѾʼ
ǺǡȻˣǧһƷģν۸ߵã컯˵˭µĻǰλŮλѡһλؼСһյʱ⣡
ָȫŮ𣿡
ŵһ˷֮ɫĶźõеһ۾ƺҪǰĺõİǵ·һ㣬ĹâҲڶԷϵİ͹֮š
̬ʵ˲˵üϾõҲС֮ľֱ˲ٶʵ˲ٵˣ޵˵ĿԴһȵĻȻҲһ൱飬˵Ҳʳ˴󲿷˵
СŮȻҲ⣡
˵仰ʱ򣬺õĽĲһ£ȻźԶȴɱҶˡ
ŮˡƺǲԸˡ
Ůջ󣬵ҩǿ󣬸ֲЧһеһжڳ˿ʼ
ң
İ򣡡
İһʮ򣡡
˭Һȫң
ôĿһϲϲ޸ˣ㵹ǰѷү
ᣬᰡ

ŮĴ̼£ǿʼ컯Ȼǿ󣬵ǶҶ˵ȴҲǿп֮˲ܹע⡣
СѾͷҶı֣һвɵ¶ɫȻǶı൱Ŀģһг״
һǧ
һ޷֣
һ֮ɫĿٳȥǵ̬̰ЦʵЩţǲٵȴһ¶˼ʵɫĻ̬ǳ޷ܵģܹһյʱ䣬ϾһĪ¡
ǡ
ڶԷ𽥽ӽʱҶɫȴ΢΢һ䣬üħѸٵĲ
һﾹȻҲħйϵ
ҶԴʱоһͷۡ
ǺǡɲҪżỹδ˵ȵ֮㽫ҽ֮˲Ż㣬ûٺ٣ڻǲȥõġ
ӥЦ˵
𣿰ˣҰɡ
޹ǵĸһ֮󣬲뿪
һƷżȻõһǿ󹦷ϹŵĹ˵Ǿ˳ʱ䷭֮󣬲ŷһĳ̶ȣʣµһֻδ˽⵽еݣΪԪǼǿʼһȴѾ൱ǿˣ׵λ֪ɣⲿȴ㹻һ˵յ׵ϴȻ˿˿׵磬ȻЧΣȴĻ׵ЧӵĻϵķٴӳһǿıɡҼлᷭĹλҲӦֵ֪
˵˵ĺ˵ôõĹĻǻó𣿶⹦жδоһ㣬ΪҲ֪ͨıи޷׵ӲҪ˵һ˵ˣ׼أΪүǰ׳𣿡
һĹͷĽ˵һ̶С۾ȴĽѲš
ߣϲʲô˼
˵ļһӥ˵ɫʼЩѿҲò϶Է˵ľʵ飬⹦ȷвСȱݣо˺ܳʱֶδó
ǰĹҲȴ޷ס׵ǿͿֲһȴҲ޷ӳ
Ҳ˵ʶ⹦ϵ֣ûǸ߰Ĵڡ
ۡһң
ӥε̾Ϣ
򣡡
һӥ˵ı㿪ʼ˵


365 
һ֮е˷׷׵һֹŹֵҶ죬Ϊղſڵӥ˶΢ЩʧΪͿʼѾз˹Ŀԡ
ɵӰ㼦߸˸ģȻһĻң
ЦٲȻһм̬
Ȼ˵һĻЩ̱Ӯ˲˵ͬ
ߡϹ֮ղҲǲģҶĳǳģ
Ҷ쵭˵ڶԷĻȥں
ǺǡȻϲղأ⵹һ£ԸĻȥǧ£ŲٵϡŹ֮
Ҷ쵭˵
лĻһǰ
ҺֱӵıҶС
ڽӹһ˲䣬Ҷб㿪ʼϲ
׬ˣ
ǵģ׬˶һǺ׬ĺܣ
ϹʱڵЩ֣Ҳ˲ǶѾõħ촫еҶ˵Ļһж⡣
ѾһҵĹҶ̲סüͷΪԷȷǡǡ෴еĶദطʵĿʼЩѪİնԷǺѴ
ڴԵĿһԭ֮ҶȴֿˣⲿΪԪĹʵֻһŸǼǸȴҲ㹻Ҷˡ
ؼΪ뵽ԼϣȻȥںϣϵĴĿԣֱԼڽԼʱܹʹؼĵ׵֮
һ׵֮ȴҲ㹻൱ֲЧˣ⻤ͻǰڼ˵׵֮Ժ㹻Ŀ˲ʱ̽߻һĳ̶ȡ
ҶӹǡԪʱӥ˱ѾʼעҶƾǷḻֱоҶӦòΪղزһԪģǴҶӴԪʼڣɫȴһֱδı䣬ʵаԸ̾ҶǺεȵǿ
ǺǣУƷһ൱˲õı
ӥһЦ˵漴Цӯӯ̬Уܿᶯʧ˵ƹ£Ƭ֮һȴٴεĳ֣ʱбһŹ֮
һȥƷϿȥһյƣ߶Ȳһߵĳ̶ȣƷһ֣Լȴ쳹һŹֵĳ֮󣬶ʱΧĿռŤ˵Ĳƣͬ峺ˮ䵽ʱĽ˲þ
յƷΪ˲㣬ÿһ㶼̵ޱȾϸΪؼһĵɫ棬ȻԷкܳһξ룬ǵԷֵ˲䣬ڵ֮ȴʼ쳣
ת˼ʱġ֮ҶŽԼڵ֮ѹ
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˵֮ڳ˶ʱĺΪ֮һͣȻҲӥ˵仰סˡ
Ҫı˵ˣεĶҪһõ
֣ܼҵ¶˷֮ɫ˵
ҲǿԽɱˣĵҲǺֲܿģѵ֪һ
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ڴ˿̹Ȼӥ˻Ц˵
һ㻹Ҫһ£һ˱ƵķһصɽҵģԱ߻һ˲õıٺ٣һｫΪһѹϷҲΪ˲ȥλʱ䣬׼һ֡
˵ΧĿռʱ쳹һ󼱴ٵĦʮӰٵĳ֣Ӱĳ֮ΧĿٴεı
ʮʮλʦǿߣ
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ˮ
ųֻҪʱ仹ûгձ㹻Ľһ˵Ķ챦
֮еԼĳ޷˺ֻҪǷʳ֮㹻ĿԽһ˵ȫĻָ糣Ƿ֮㹻ĸıһ˵ǣǴﵽ̥ǵĳ̶ȣ
˵ĻΪǿȻҪǺ໥ȽĻȴǲĴģⴿˮĳȴ㹻һٴεӵһµջѾѰ֮˵ˣ
ˮ
û˿ķϻֱӵĽ⾧ʢŵҺ˵˳
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ߡ
һͻȻߵﴫ˳ǽһΧѹȴ·µİѩһ㣬Ѹٵڻ
ֲȫıŷѩɫĳƮУһԿֲ˫Ŀ·ҹеһ㣬Ĺâ˵ǰɨ۵ĸоò˽סıպ˫Ŀ
Ϸ򡭡ƣ

ޱȵİ
ʱȻΪԷһ仰˲ð
ֵӰͬһĿֲ޷Ϊ֮ӣ


366 Ҷ
ȻǰƣһﲻѾ𣿡
̲ס˵
һ֮ĿǿֲϢİƣҶ̲סüͷ΢΢𣬵˵
ʵ֪˵Ϣ
Զʱһ
ʵˣȻԿʵ
صˣڵĹѾʼĵĿʼܹһۿһʵʵȻѰ֮˿ĵģҲˣ˵ǷҳҲ˼¡
ǵˣһİϹˣ˵Ĺйϵǳˣκ⹦Ľչٶȴ൱ڵȻİˣȴ޷ﵽǿĳ̶ȣҲֻ˵ǰѣǿԷʵǿĺܣԭ൱͵Ҽǰ֪ǿ󣬵ǲɵǶԷϲһŮȴһɸˣҲһʱ䣬ǹƥĽ뵽ɣһҹ֮Ѫϴ˰ɵгԱȻܵ˲СĴˣȴԷ෴˵Ҳ˴𣬶ұ֮ΪѪްƣ֮󣬴˱ʧؼˣҲ˴˵һѾˣҲֻһӣδϵԷȴʮ֮ٴεĳʵﵽĳ̶ȣһһϹﰡ
Ѿ˶ԷϢܹ뵽Ҳ۷۵ɫ䣬һЩǿ߸ԼĲ²⵽˶Էʵ
㹻κεĴʦǿֶεĸ֣ǳ֣ǿߣûڿҲһλʵ֮һǿˡ
ߡİɣֻҪŬĻҲԸϵǼǿҲʲôģҪıǹԼʵֻҪʬһڰ㣬֮뻹û˵
ǵģˣһŬģڶʱ֮ڽ֮ԲṼ˵ڴ
Ҷĵ˵ͷȴǴˮʼԽĶ㴿ˮҲԷʳεĳ̶ȣҶҪıҪȴҪħļһķԼʦķʽĴȥĻ˵ܵʲô⡣
һĻԨ֮ˮҲ֪ܲܽ˵Ҫ÷Ǵһ壬Ȼ󳹵׵Ľ⡣
ˮڳ˵㹻ıǶҶ˵̲صĿֲ֮ȴıһð취ԵĿԴһϺõģʱʦʵҲԵõõķӣ
ⴿˮһҪõǿȡҲõ
Ҷ찵Ե¶˾ĵ˵
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ȻȻû뵽ҲɽˣǺǣϲɺذ
ϲһķѻϣһ˫̶С۾˸ŷ̰ζʵҲֻǴʦĩ˲Σεܹһǿ߶ԿȻֻýеһ̰ǿеڸ
ߡ֪ͺãⴿˮϷһ֤еļֵԵĳΪϷҲе֮һϷ߻ħΪⴿˮԵʣϷͱһѰ׹ˡ
ӥ໥ĵ˵ͷ֮󣬰Ƽ˵
˱ȷʵһߣҲûжٵļֵϾȻƳһ˵ķƾûеĻ緢ٶȼĵҲܶ࣬ϷҲֻǿʹζѣǽҪǽⴿˮ˱ƸһƷ۸ңҲı䣬ⴿˮļ۸񡪡һǧۣλԿʼˣ
һǧۣ
˶ʱĿʼӴֿʼȫľˣΪƷļ۸ȻѾ˵Ĳ²ˣǵĿʼĵʱǻǿʼоеĿ̶ֲȡ
ߣϷԺȷĸǣڴʦƷ۷ǿ߶ԸӵĿ£ΪһʧܵĻȫĿԷôˮκε𻵣ǿԽʵһµĲΣõĻʲô⣬ѵ˵ڻʲôֵԥ𣿡
ⷬջĹĶʱڳ˿ʼΪ֮ҡ
ǰǴ˵вŻڵıﰡýҶ򵽵ģһǧ۵ĳ̶ҲѰ֮˿õóֵģ˵ʱ֮󣬲ҲʼԼĿ⿴˼ϡ
ڳܹµĿҲֻˣ
һǧ򣡡
һ˳оȻһֹصѪɷϢ˿£Ҷ΢΢Ϊ֮Ŀ
ֻһλһ̰ĶŶİƺ
ӥİӥħצףӥ˲ҪԷһϢƺ޺ʵһĺڳĴ󲿷˶Ҫ񶾣Ҵ൱ǳ𣬷Ǻìܵģ˵ʵﵽĻԲὫڶգ˵ǶԷֵĻһᱨһݽɫ˸ҵ
ߣףӥ𣿴ʦƷΣһ£ԵĻǾչԷΣ
ǿڴǧ̶ȣҸײжǳս綼ҺͶԷ׵ĶԿսͶԷйĦºȴ֮ˣȻûڶԷеõô
ǾǲʬְɣԷͬĻٲĺôħںѾڱˣʶĻǾ£Ȼֻ
ɭϵĻѾֳһĨİԵħļƺѾĬĬظıҶķְԵֶѾյºͷʽˣֶκȴСѾͷ˸ѡ
һǧ߰򣡡
ҶԱˣʱȻѾЩɬ˽кĵҲԲ㣬Ӽ۵ĳ̶Ҳȸղŵǿˡ
֣ףӥһԿ۾Ŀһ۶ԷȻδ˵ǰĳ̶ȴݺݵشһ֣ܼҵ岻źۼǰ̤΢޷ԶĳɪɪϵȻ˲չֳһɿµζ
ߣ
ƺǶ֣ܼҵʵҲ൱ɵʱףӥֻܹĺһȴ
ǧ򣡡
ϲҧҧĽе
Ȼļˣ뵽ⴿˮЧ֮ҲֻʹĽ
ӥ˺ͰƸΪ֮ΪǺһεľĻֻǸոյĿʼ
Ҷ˫Ŀ΢΢ĬĬسǹԸһ䣬Ѹٵĵͷ
һش˳
ǧ򣡡


367 ҹ
һ֮󣬶ʱҶ˱·ɱһһ㣬ʵ˲˵ע⣬ڼףӥһԿµһĶҶ쿴ȥ
Ҷ켸˵൱İȻı֮ˣѾڴ˵Ķ˵Ҷھһ⣬ƫƫһ⻹ڲ֪ǵĶ
ɱĿʼй¶ںһҶ˹ȥǾڿҶ˲䣬Դֲڵȴ˱ĳ
ϣ
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·ʵĽεƣ߾Ȼ˼ٵײʱЩĻϲ֮˿ʼ΢΢ĲһЩʵϲѾ˵ѪҺ
һǿ
оԼϢʼϵķӿ֮ףӥɫҲ漴䲻ѡ
ǧ򣡡
ʱһѾٴεĽ
ţѵ˵ǻΪԼԶⴿˮɣ
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ڻ
ΪҲŵػڻϡ٣ʱҲλѣÿһλʵ㹻ﵽʦĲΣǰλѾ뵽˴ʦĵز⻹ΪؼģڻѾһϢǱŵѾˡ
׵ĵȻпʼԽĽк
ѵ˵б䣿ϼһҲ˹
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ٴαҶ˫ĿѾںΪǿǰһж޵ģиԼڵʵ㹻ɨ֮˵Ѿ˺ڳԺڵ׼
Ҷһ˼ĿɲֻһˣףӥԼϲȻҲǴ⣬ʱ˾ȴȻû˿ѹ
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ðɣðɣٺ٣ˣСүŰɣܿģСү㽫ϵ֮ȫĿСүν˪Ȼ֪Ϊʲôίǧ󣬵ǽעҪСүģñһɡ
˵ı㽫׺ݺݵذ
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һ󲻼˵ɫӰشһߵ˳
ǿֲϢײе̬Լ˸ıйâ޲˵˴˴ǰɲֻΪɵġ
ʮ˵ԵЩͻأҴԴ䱸ĻƺһõĶ飬෴ĸоȴʱ֮һġ
˭⳿³е赲ųӵ˼λǵһΣ
֣ܼЦǺڻȴѾԼϵذףһԿµ˫Ŀ·Ǳһ
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Ȼ˵Ļǻ֣ǳɽˣ


369 

֣ܼڵϴŴصĺϢϲ˵µ˺ۣѪֱУѾʼصǣڻȴû˿˺ۣϴŵޱȵɫ֣ܼҡ
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ĺȵȴ·һ޴һ㿪ʼǿֲ弱ٵתһ֮󣬼λڻ֣ܼѾźȥǺβƺ뵽ʲôһ㣬жʱ򣬵ȴѾ
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ѪĽ಻ɺ쿪ʼ˸֮Ǿ޴ȴҲʹ˺Ȼء
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ѾĵڵϵĶ֮ͻȻȫٵһ̣һɵȴٵת˰С
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ɫޱ䣬Ҳûıȵ
Ǵһ֮һŵĺȴ˳
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371 ɲħ
縡УΧһȫĴ𣬴̳֮󣬼ӰĴǲ˳пʼ̽壬ǵǰһ֮˵ɫȴüѿ̲סĵһ
ԱˡȻ衢ԱˣĻ쵰
еһ̲סĽǺܿļȴû˿ӵľɿ뿪
˱ơӤˮû뵽˳
Ҷ¶һĨ֮ɫ˵
һжѾ㶨ϧǻħ֮ԱˣշԷĿܾʹʧˡ
һԵĸ֮ɫ˵
ҪⲻܹģԱҲãǸһҿĳһշļһӵĻ˵һڹҲһ飬һڹǵԺҲѰѡ
￴ǰ٩٩̸̲꣬סĴһħ֮ӥףӥԼĸһδõıﵫȴǰõˣҴһδЩ˷ϣǽЩ֮ľͷŪڹ֮С
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ҶЦĿǰԴƣ̬дһ˿ȥӵˣһСص¶ֵ̬ѩףƹԵøλ
ѪĹĵĿǰŮˣ̲סðһĲˬ̲ס˵
Ҷ졭ҪŮ˴
ҶûСһԴϺݺݵشһڶԷǸĶЦ˵
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˵ҶѾʼֱӵĳȥǴһ˿۵ȴаŶԷǰ̲סһĨϼȴܿľ
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˵˵ʱԼƺӦȽһݰɡ
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ԣ漴΢΢һ촽Уһַ·˵Сд˳
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Сܵܣ
ƺ֮ҶʵһѣȻ˵ԷĳƺȷʵҲ俴ȥʮ̬Լڲʮ֮꣬ΪܵҲǲģ֮ǰһСȴ൱ơ
ǲȻ֮ɣҵǰвͨġ
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˵̬ȫǷԹУڲ֪ŶԷĶʼС
ϸ΢΢Ķһ£ǰͬչ̬ȴϰ͹µֲʼ͹ֵĸ
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ߣͼ˵ˣҵǰûκοԵġ
Ҷ¶һĨм֮ɫ˵˵ȴ·ɢһ㣬ʼŶԷ
һ䣬ǰȥޱȵ꾹ȻղŶаȴ·ǶƷһ̲סĿʼҡ
ҪҪһ
оȻ̲ס뷨˵Ľ΢΢Ĳ촽˿̬ѾֻȻ֮ˣĽʱǿʼٵŤǰһԹģСϵչֳ
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Ѫ̲סĺߵǼĺʱɫһ䣬漴ȴʼþݴСӴȻ֮ȻеΣȴδ뵽ǰ꾹ȻǶʮʱȻ֮ҪǿȻ̲סĿʼֲѡ
㡭㵽ʲôˣҵȻ֮Ϊ߼ֶΣΪʲôҸӵĹأ㵽ʲôˣ
ʧɫʱѾû˸ղŵǰ㵭ȻȻĿ֮һ
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Ҷ쵭˵˼ħɵġħǾҶȻʩչһȻ֮ȴû뵽Чǿ󣬶ΪСѾͷһԼҪ̲סıԷסˡ
Сϵһ汻Ҷǿеѹ̲ס³һʱǷȴٴε졣
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Ҷ󵭵˵
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ʬѾ¶˷ܵɫǴﵽĳ̶ȣϵȱȴҲһֱĥΣڵǺãһӸ㶨ˣҲҪܹȱݵʹˡ
ͻȻʬȻĿ֮ɫ΢΢һ䣬̲סĽе
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Ҷ̲סĽһҲĿɿڴ漴ʵ
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ħˣɲħҲħ֮һǺܲɵǣԷѾȱ˼£ʣµǵ㹦ҲѣħΪСһ֣ɲħǿʱȴҲˣǴеԵʶѡΪūӴɲħˣԶڶԷϵϢ൱˽⡣ʶܹϳԷݡ
ʬ룿ʬĹħ̫ϳϣ
ͻȻ̲ס˵
ϵñ
ʬϴһĨ°˵ͼޣȻҪҶһĹȻȻ
ǵģɲħˮĵ
ԭˮǸСѾͷĵӰѹϢѰɲħҪŨһЩʦ𣿡
仰̲֮סüͷ˵
ܲãԴʮǰʦǿеħ֮Ϊ⵽ķɣϵľʼתԵһֱѰҩڴܹʦ𣬵֮ҲΪԵʣ̽ǧдˮҪ֣ԲֻίȫĺͶԷЭ飬˭ܹõˮӱûӽԷҪеõһ㴿ˮʦ𡣡
仰ҶһΧ˶ʼ̲סĸ̾ԷⷬТģһֱˬѪʱҲʼһˮĴ۾ʼҶ쿴ȥ
ĿȻԶ


372 
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ҶЩͷʹϾⴿˮǸԼʦʹõģ˵ⴿˮ൱ҪģҶķȥһδˣȻЩ̫ܵġ
Ҷ졭㿴Ҳܿġ
Ѫ̲ס˵
ҶʵĿʼЦ
ðɡҴӦˣ
ҶǵֲСѾͷӯӯ̬εĿЦЩˮ˵СĵʹõĻǾԿԱ֤ʹõģҼȻǧܹõⴿˮҲ˵Ժ
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лˣ
ＱæҶ˵
Ǻǡƺǻûпħ˵ݰ
´֮ʬ̲סЦ˵
ݣѵ˵Ҳħ𣿡
ʬЦЦ˵
Ҳô˵ɣħˣҲħĵڶˣڶħ
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ħĴ˵Ͼ֮ǰˣ̲ס¶ʵɫ
ߣСѾͷѵɱĻ𣿡
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ǵͨ죬ԷĶֲʵԵģڸܵǹ֮޷
˰ɣϾħݱҲǱģôʱˣǲҵħҲ˻ɵġ
Ҷ˰˵ĻΧȴ·΢縡һ㣬˲ɢȴǾδĴϢѡ
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ΪĹѾʧˣϵʵǿ󣬶ǵȻڣǵĹ൱رҪſԽȫͷųûһûҲһģҲвٵȻһĻȴûκ;Ǹߡ
Ҷ˵ͷİ˶Էı
Ҷⷬ϶ʱ¶һĨ糺죬ʱҶҲԼĶЩЩȴѾﻢ£ܵԷļԼϮĴ̼Ҷ̲סаԿЦѣȴһɫ˵
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仰˵꣬ȴøҶʱ޲øԼӣΪ仰˵ʵ̫Ѫˡ
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ħ˵˼ǡҲԼ𣿡
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ǡ
ʱɲҴˣҶĶһůؽС
ħǾǼħ֮󣬸Ĺһſѧⲿǿ̶ȼԺҶġת໥Ȼ˵ǰ󣬵ΪĵĲȴħһħɵģ˵ɲħĹ˵ҶֱǼѸٵҵеĸԴڡ
ԭˣ
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о˶ԷزϵԼֱĦĴУҶжʱһȴźۼĽֱÿ˵
ǵ޷ӳֻȱһķʽѣΪ⾭ط޷̲ܵȻῪʼήȥʱ˵ĻǲŽйأҪ
˵ҶŤͷż˵
ǳȥһ˭Ҳ׼Ž
Ͼ֮һ֮أҶɲ뱻˴ˣСԵЩԸһݺݵҶһ֮ߺߵ˵
Ҷ죬ǵСҡҧ㡣
ҶûĹһСһε˵
СһЩʲôأ
ŶԷĲ鲻Ը뿪Ҷת˵
޷ڶʱ֮ڽ˵ҪѨķʽϵȫĴͨ㡭ð·
˵ʱҶ춼סıһԼ⻰ǸĹѪŪԼͷ·һΪ潵Ļ쵰һ㡣
һĳɣǺܿȴ糺ĵ˵ף
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ŶԷɷҶеĻ桮һȼϾһѪˣһһոƷŮζˣʱ뿪˰ӣŮ֮ûкκεһŮȾǰǳԹջʵЩΪĶ
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ǶԷɢ֮ʵıԵĴҩҪأʵ֤Ҷ켸ǿҪסˡ
ָӴ˶Է˲䣬˵岻ĿʼĲһ£ȻҶܶ࣬ȴһֱδ˵Ĵǰص˼޵ĸо·һֻڲϵԼһ㣬ʵʼЩ޷ĸо

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ġҶͦסˡ
ԺݺݵرһԼ֮ҶҲ˲ʲôֱӵ˵
Լɡ
￴ɫѾЩúҶ죬̲ס΢΢һЦԼȹ϶
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оΧԽǿʢ֮ڵһҶڴѵǵתȥ˲Ҷ˲ûѪ
һԱʱѾȫĳǰӣ㲻ϵķâòƺһĶ
ȿȿȡǿʼɡ
ҶЩ˵һԴʹĽ֮һƺǿʼĳַʼչ
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ѪݺݵصҶһۣСϸߣֱҪһƿһ㣬һġҺܲˬҺʵɰĽ
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ħˣū̽һϢƺǺҶѧԺйϵ
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ţҶѧԺԴΪĳѾʼˮǴҲ˲ѧԺʼҶѧԺԼڲ֮㽫һѵı
Ǻ֮ʲôϵ𣿡
ʬ˵ͷ
ǵģкܴĹϵΪ֮һΪϺ۵ļһ֮ʱһö䣬ʳ֮󣬵ڶһʮӣȻȥֻжʮ꣬ʵȴѾһӵˣΪʲףѾﵽ˴ʦƷ̶ȣŲ֮ƷҲ⡣
˼ѧԺȥҳ䵱ѧԱУ
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ȷʵˣĿĲҶѧԺɨء
ߡºѣ֪ҶѧԺеĸֿǲ١
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ֲпܣⳡȴ涨ֻѧһ֮ڵѧԱʸ񡭡


373 ع֮·
üƲ߰
Ҷ̲סЦ˵
ǵģ˵һοǻ½֪ѧԺǰԿһҶѧԺܵĻܵҲʷǰġ
ʲôʱʼ
ҶԺ̲סĸֳһӰżʵ
ѾˣвֻϺ۱˹ȥһһЩʦҲˣЩ޲ն֮һ֣ȻشʱҶѧԺҲʱ̣ܵصѪҺʧ
׼ݡߣ
ҶƽǾƽȴΧĿпʼЩУǿʬ붼̲סһ
ҶѧԺеһּС·ϣһλŵɫȹŮӣŮºд䵭ȻСһɫ˿֫յļΪˣǧ˳˿˳紹£ֱֹͣ޳Χ컨ӳ£Ǻ쳾ʢһ㣬׶ɫĿѣԡ
ŮǺĺɫƮһĨȻ߶УȴѾΧٵӿʼô
ŮǷĽ΢йճĻߣһԾӨԶԺȴʼֳǸдŰԵϢģ
졭˵µʱѣȴ˵ˣʱδĳ֣ѵ˵⵽˲𣿲ġ
Ůӣ㴽ݺݵؽţ˾ǿĻߡ
ŮǱǰӣ
ʱӣĽѾԵݲ٣ȻֹһεǸԵܹһεĳԼǰһȻȻһж˵Ĳпᡣ
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ʱһˬʵ˹ֻһλɫһЦݳŰӣΰͦεԵøһӢ˵Ϣ˲ıһĺøС
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ԭǷѧܡ
Ϊӣĳƺ̲֮סĿЦ
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仰ȥǰìܣϾȿʼƺӣģʵ⻰ȴְǰӣӦĻǰһڣԷڳƺʱƺҲҪֱӳƺֵģĻƺ˵ĹϵҲῪʼ׽һġ
ȻһѧԺģЩڸҪϸĻֵģһЩ飬ʧˡ
ӣ˵ᶯУѾת뿪
ץһѣϸϸµſ̲סһĨŹֵЦݣ
𣿵ǺܿҾͻ֪ҿɲֻҪƺΪѧܵģҪڴϳΪ磡
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תеķһĮ֮ɫĶŻɫ۵꣬˵ĺܣǴһĳۣȴҲԵЩ̬
ķ̣骲δ̬ŵЦԵøӵ
ߺߣѵü㲻Ůˣҵ൱氡ΪѧԺ֮ƵǷҪʼǰֶˡԴǰ㣡
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骵žҵɫʱѾֿ£
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ǿеĽԷһƿһ·¶˵Цݵ˵
־ҪǸŮ̫ɵ̫ˣǶĺܣαؾأ˵ҪʸУǸŮϵÿһطҶѾζˣҶʼѧԺѧ໥Ůˣû뵽Ĳʶ̧١
Ҫ֣ȴ֪Լ򲻹ԷֻҪǿеסеŭ⣬һĽе
㲻Ҫ̫ĵˣ㣬ҶѧԺпҶĴڣΪԴܶԷ𣿡
УҶ𣿵ΪҪȥһֻ弶޵ĻҶĳƺŻָ˭أڵҿѾʦƷ۷ĳ̶ȣ½жеţҶߣ಻ֻһʿĴڣһЩνĴ˵һЩ֮˵ķжѣҲŲϻµšҪѧԺ棬νҶܣеˣҲߣƺӦҵģ
骵ɫҵı仯漴ֻЦһ뿪ˡ
ӣôĽβ§ڻﾡİ治֪һֺεܰ
Ժ˸ӣĽһӻȿʼ
Ҷ졭ӣʲôˣ
ڷϵѪ̲סʵ
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СңȸҰӣʲôˣϹζһһ˾ͽڣ㾭˵֡
ҶСһԴóһ⽻С׵˵
˵СӲҪܣ
С˭ϡǵġ
СѾͷĹĵ˵
Ǻǡ
СѾͷĹĵӣҶ̲סЦ
Ժȴֳ˼ϤӰ
ס㡢ϹΡӣڶһˣڶҵʵѾﵽ˴ʦĲˣֻҪ˻֮ʵ϶뵽ĲΣʱǿҽ޵֣ţܿұȥѰģħһͳ֮ҾͲѩŮ˻赲ҵԸ
۾Ŀߵĸƣ·Ҫ͸ǧƿĲãء
ǴʱҶ켱ҶѧԺʱһĹһȴܵĽš


374 䶷
Ű󡭡
һȻķΧһƬֵ֣ΧޱǸӦĶ棬ǿҵΪƵԵΧţΪԵʣһԲǧ׵ķΧǿеĹȥһƤΧԵЩƽ̹
طտһ޴Ĺ·һȻһڴˣƾΧ쳣ȴδĥֺ
һƬ޴ĺˮһ߷ζ֮أ⹬ڲϵеĻɫϵش©ˮвʱķɧǹĹعâҲ漴ĿʼұЩɫ·ͨһȥ
ߡʱʹ˹ȥˣȻδҵԨ֮ˮ˶ûлѵ˵֤ǵɱѾ⵽˲𣿡
һдſ±ŰϢŭ⹬д˳
ֻ⹬ڲһֻձ棬Ļɫϵǵ壬ÿһε΢Ĳȴһˬɫ˵һλߣ˵ȻСȴһֿµıŰƺһֲֻľ޴һ㣬ֻҪȥܵµķ
ʵĶȴһɫ԰׾ʿװӣĸеıƺǶǰߵûκεĸоһ㣬໥һЦУȴһĨΡ
ֻأһ˵ҲʱˣǼԨ֮ˮռʮȫ㣬ΪԨ֮ˮҲ˵ʧˣҲøһ˵
˵һһɫĳȹװȴǰ͹µĽеԽȴһֱǿĳУԼ©ģؿһݹ᾵ζ
ȴұκε˶ҪżλǿߣЩ£㹻ֻصҪˣǵɱҶʵ൱ţԲŻὫǲȥǱ֪û˸޷̽鵽Щ˵Ķģһһ㣬ǷʳԨ֮ˮû޷˭ͨ쳹صԽ뵽Ԩħܹ亦
ΪֻصӵԽĿЦЩ˵ﾹȻ˵ɱЩͭޣҶڴ˵Ļ϶жϳԷݡ
Щ˷ǺڰеĵɷʮɷʮħˣӶԷȻҲʶʱǻδ֪ɱѾԷˡ
󡭡ҾһٶʱƲϢлҷѾ˲ٵĴ۲ŴԨ֮ˮұǶҪż
ֻصϿʼźȡһ˵
ȵһµ׵Ӧ֪һҪʲôõħ֮ħ꣬㹻Ŀħıõħʬ壬ԽԷɵǿ񼶵꣬һɣǵʵԻɱģֻؿδ֮ʦ֣ǷǱģԨħѾǧʷˣʣ˭Ա֤Ԩ֮ˮԸˣǿħµǿڽ֮󣬶˵ˣһҲӦóϵġ໥ڵģܲΪûеõҪģ俪ʼȫҵϣ˵ƺЩƽɡ
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׵΢΢Ķ˼£ǿͷ˵šǡҶҡҶ
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һʵ̫ݶˣΧļѧԺĵʦҲʼ̲סüͷϾ˵⵼ʦȥλѧԱȻԷһȵĻùı
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һѪȻĴ⵼ʦ˳ŵɺ죬λѧԱҲ˹ڿǰһ̲֮סĴк
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귢ԼȻһδɱԷ̲סĴٴεĳλʦȥ
ߡҶѧԺɲĵطЩ˰Ǹýѵһˡ
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ߡǴԲѰʦһѧԱ⻹ʲôֵýĲɣ
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375 ̨
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λʦɫѾʼҲסˣԴĽе
ιιιλ˼ңʹ˾ԼϰɣһֱԼûѡ
ֻһĲм֮ɫĶλʦ˵Ϸ֣λ޵ŮҲʱķЦ
ȻǶʦΪΪĲм
⼸˲ǻסԼٲֻ˭ߵŮȻǳºСľꡣ
ǻ׶Գµ̬ԼСľ겻ʱıٲ춺÷ЦȻѾԼĹޡ
㡭ӣ֪ӣ
λʦԷ˵̬Ļɫǲ˲ѪɫȻѾŭ
ߡǱĵˣǰյССҲճˣ֪λ뷨Σ
˵֮ڿ˪ʱһĨĳޣ˪Ҳ˿δõĶŶԷ֮ĶȻ˲˵ע⡣
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УΣֵֻģƾѧԺʵȴҶѧԺֱԼ飬˵ֻǿֵĶѣ
ͻȻڴʱµƾȻγʵһӨĹâľγǧĹⷽԲķΧٵİΧâ·Ǵĳһ㣬ϵ໥֯Χѡ
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ѵõ־ȻЩССֵȤء
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Ⱥ̨ԴҶѧԺΪֹѾǧʱ䣬ǧʱҲֻǶζѣÿһεĶȴĪӰ죬ʱ£ȴһεĶȺ̨ٲȻװѾŭ
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⸣ȽϣԷʵͱϵľҶԱģʱҶ̬ȻȻ൱𾴡

ͻȻҶɫ΢΢һ䣬ȻĳԶңңĿȥֻϿ֮һֲľӰв໥һ֮˿δηΧϢǱΧӵĿºͷ
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ǿƣ˵ʵδ֮¡
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˵ʵѾӵƷ۷ĳ̶ˣϢû˿̬Ȼһ򵥵һÿ¡
ϳԾԾԵ̬ȻҪͶԷһΪһλǿ𽥵Ŀʼ֮ǿߣһ޶Ķ֮ȻѾǿʼпʼչֳˡ
ߣ
ҶĴһµķݣ¶һĨɷ˵
ܹðװ඼ʼסˣȻʱѾΪؼʱ̣


376 Ϻ

һλɫ׺֮ȻĳǰĶֺݺݵ˹ȥûֵǰʼۻңûκεķ㱻ԷѸٻš
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ǿֲı֮󣬶ʱ˵·ܵһ㣬һ䡣
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Ѫһ֮󣬿粻ֹһء
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̫һɫЩѿĶŵ˵
һ˵˿ѧԺѧԱܹ뵽һαеѧԱÿһλһѧеٮٮߣʻʵǿ̿ĳ̶ȶѰ֮˿ģⱦԴĴ˵ĳ̶ҲҪġ
𡭡
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ĵǻ̫һʵɫÿʼԽѿ
ߡܺã㲻ǿɾͲҪҲˣȻ㶯ЩҲˡ
˼֮䣬ָ΢ɲĳĳһƣһλʦĵ˵ͷǲһλеȵӣڿ֮󣬵ȴɫ΢΢һ䣬ǺεȵʵȻóȥȻòļһʵȴһλǿĸ֣ԷʵƸһͼѧԱӵеġ
ڵĿ͸ˡ
˵¶һĨЦЦ˵
ߵĶ֣δ⣬ǵȻӷ·ԼĻ԰һ㣬Įӵ̬ȴöֵɫʼ߳ŭ
СӣҪңûһεĽĺܲصġ
ӵĿ˶Էһۣ漴м˵
Ǿɣҵء
ԻöԷɫڵĿʼ仯ָݺݵסһ޴ĸ֮ɫʼøӿ
ѧԱǴѧʼչֳǿʣڵʵѾʦĲΡ
ĵ˵
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ⶫ̫һֻһζЦȴ൱м˵
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˵ڣ൱ڻҲʮĳ̶ȣǴ˵ȴһ㡪ٹһ㹻˻ҩҩûİȴһ˵άڷҩʱĳ̶ȣҲ˵˼ȥˣȴഺޱȲ˿ĸı䣬ֱ൱һ̬
Ȼ˵ûνһЧȴҲ㹻ĸıһЩǿͲգȻҲϺڵʵѾﵽ˴ʦĲΣ״̬µҲѧԺ˹
ŶԷֳ־޸̬Ϻ۵̲ס¶˼ɫΪԷȫһʦ޺ʦǿʲôֵӵĵطȼϵĻмϸҶ㹻Խɱֵʵټĺܡ
Ϻ൱š
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ܹΪʦǿߣϻ˵ᣬȻһҲһ֮ŭһ֮еľ޸ʱѾ಻̬Ϻȥ
޴صľ޸оȻ·û˿һ㣬ӯ̬ʵԵЩ
֪һܹѧԱпסа
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˿ֲĳ̶ȾԵĿԽһѪ֮顣
һĲϲϵչ֮ϵļʯȴͬǲݽһһִݿγһ˰ľȻ쳹δϱѾֲЧ˲ٵѾʼаԵļԼŶԷǷԵصֿס
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һֻ־Ȼƻʵ˳ȵסһ޴ĸӣȫĺͶԷĸнӴһ
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ڵлȫͷųеѹˣ
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Ѹٵİס˶ԷĸӣҲδţֱӵĻӥצһİ˶Էļ棬Ǿ˵ļ˳˶Էļϡ

ĲҽӶԷﴫ˳Ϊ֮ˣϺۿɲʲô֮˶ԷĲҽ֮Ϻ۵û˿𾪷쳣˷ܡ
𣿷ģŸոյĿʼأ
͡
ħһ㣬Ǵ̶˺Уһֱۻص˱̨ϡ
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װɫҲЩ˵Էһζ˲бĻǶѧԺ˵Ҳʲô¡
ߡϺ˰ɣ
Ϻ۾ȻҪԷʬ̫һ̲סüͷ˵
һԱŰ˫ĿȻֲĹâǶ̫һݺݵؼ˹ȥʱϺ۾ѪĴ̼֮Ѿ׵ĿȻҪϵɱ¾ֹסе
ߡ̫һ㲻ΪԼ̫ܵ𣿡
һӵȻ󲨣ٲȻϺ˿δ̫һ
һǿߣȻһʦС޼ɵȥö̫һɫÿ

ը֮ƾ쳹ֱӻޱѹͿֲ𾢳ŶԷѹȥ

Ƶȴƾյ˸һ׵磬ΧٲȻѾʼžԲǰ׽еģһŭ֮£ϺۿԵֿסġ
˫ȴʱѾݺݵع˵ϣѪֱУ̫һ˵
ߣϺۣҪΪԼʵͿҵǰϲ裬ҪսһµĻǾܿȥԣ
ʱϺ¶˾ޱȵɫǰֲѹ·齵ǰһ㣬ȫϵļûκοԷĿܣѪҺǶʼת
ת˲֮㹻һ
Ƹ֮б㹻ľһ˵ˣ
ģǿߵʵҾȻô࣡
Ϻ۵ɫԽ԰ȴֻε˵
ǵġԺ


377 ׳
ߡ֪νĶ
Է̫֮һɫ΢΢ĺתһЩΪĲм֮½ΪϣѾһ൱ԶĻˣеĺȻǲԶģǿΪٵĳ֣ѧԺǿ߻϶˱չУ˵˵Ȼ൱ͬǻͬϺһ㲻֪ϲȥǿߵϡ
Ϻƺζ
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ʱһλɫ۵꣬һȻЦɫŵĴǱ䳡ͦΣƮ˵ѧԺųƺķ裬ڽ˱䳡֮ǳλԺһŻ΢΢еϺЦ˵
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ΪϺ۵Ŀ죬ȥҲ죬ҲˣԷвԾҲֻȵļ˶ѡ
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ҲݣһûëɣѧԺУʲôʱֽ̲ðƫƫѡʱ򣬻ǻѡʱУʲô
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ΪžԶ˵ĽҶҲֻǼΪ˵һ֣ʱ˴ҵһۡ
ӣֽһһƬĵ֮ɫ
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̫һЦ˵ЦڰװǰȴĿĺܡ
аԵĽһ֮󣬰װεҪ˵Ǵʱķȴٴε˵
ѵ˵֮󲻳ɣ֮뽲ĻΪǰĵ·ʯ˵ˣԼҵУҷʵȻǿ󣬵ȴҲﵽʦĳ̶ȣ˵ƺǿʸ˰ɡ
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û뵽ȻϲͷˣȻ˵ĻǾͲҪˡ
ˡָոյ£ȴѾ͵ĳŻȥ
ĽӡѾǷԲʮ׵ķΧȫ̤γһԲκۼӰ˸Уһɫת廯˵˸
ֲѸ͵ĺܣʱķѾղŴϺܵԹʼй˳

ָγ黨״ٶȾ˵ĻûУָ˸·һʢĻһţȴſֲɱ
ߡðɡ
ܵԷǾ˵ٶȣ׵¶һĨмɫ˫Ŀȴ˵⣬һ̤ٵȥ


378 ͷ
ߺߣΪƷĲ׿ֲ𣿡
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һֱδ˵ķ֮Ժ罣޵˵Ȼܹ࣬⵽һλǿߵκεһѧԱ˵൱ѵõġ
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ٲԼ˵Ѿ˸ļӲɱ˲ͷǴʱĻȻû˻ɱĿܣԷȥȻΪԷ

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꣡
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Թ裡
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ԭǰӣѧ㣬ôѧҲΪҵı𣿡
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ӣüͷҪڵ˲䣬һȴԶĴ
ȿȿȡ쵰ҡһûأҰܸһСˣ˵һֺεȵ裡
Ϊ൱ɱɸ㶨ˣû뵽׾ȻĿεһ֮󣬷Щε˵
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ʱĻѾܵصĴˣǱԷϵİ֮ؿϵʹѾԽ
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Сӡû𣿡
װ¶һĨЦĵ˵


379 
ХֱǺ;һ㣬٣ֱֲγ˹˰̬ʼѹ
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Ϊ½ΪĶ֮һΪ൱Ĳļ¶˸ҪΪĵλÿ˺˵ڶﶼԵ൱ůЩ󸻴֮ˣÿ궼кܶǰб
ʱƶƾճֵһըȴڶ֮˵ע⣬ǿֲ̬ħһХ˾˵಻Ĵݣ̲סĸ̾еĿֲǵ𽥵ĽӽҶѧԺʱ򣬲ٵȴѾʼ¶Ȼɫ
ӣĽһ¶޷ŵľϲ֮ɫҲˣȴʼ˽˾˵Хһ˿ӵеģǴʦǿҲֲܲЧ
Хһ޴Ȼ˿УȻҲеİڵķݡĿߣ
˰߰壬һԴޱȵĳצǿֲٲȻǷݾһֲ;ˡ
Ŀֵ߳˲һصâ׾Թ϶Щǿ߸оһ˿вâĳ֮Ѿðޱ߾κˡ
һӰһ˸֮һԿֲȻðֲ̬Ѹٵĳֱӵһĳ嵽̨֮ϡ
˵λúȻǻ׵һ࣡
һͷƮݵɫԵĹغ죬üɫʮֽһͬͫһıʾȥӵĿº͹졣
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ҵͷĳۣѪ˿ȥͷ·һޱȵؤһ㣬ؤ
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͡
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Ĳҽ
ӡǴħеõ֮ǿ󹦷⹦ǽԼ˵֮󣬰ſֲѸٵתٶȲϵƻŶԷ壬ҶȻѾѧᣬȴδʹùϾ似ʵЩ̫пˡ
һȴˣãǶ̫һʹˡ
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͡
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ٵó˴ҩ˻׵ҺɵĽԼָƣŽɫѪ뵽
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˵뷨һ˸ҶҲɵľҪŶԷ뿪
ߡСҪȥ
ͻȻһޱ߷ŭд


380 ӽ
Ǵλеһλģֻʱ̫һɫ֮ɫղҶĳʵ̫ѸˣķӦҲЩˣΪؼһȴҪһҶҵһͻƿڣѡ
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Ʒ۷ƺεȵĿֲҶѧԺ·һıǿ˳оƺѹƣ̫һɫ΢΢һ䣬ȴûκεԥ弱ޱȵļٶȡ
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һǿˡȻԺǿ߶ԿһУֻˣȴΪﱧһ˵Եʡ
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ѧԺ˳³ǵ׶֮ͼҶѧԺҲܣڱεˣĻҲܣλѧԺǿĿҲԲܣǺҵֵܱ䲻ʹʩİһҪҾԲͬģ̫һ˵֣ѧԺԺƽǿߺأǽ衢ľ͸ˣҪ㲻Ҫӽա棡


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Ҷ磬ƽεȥЦԣΪԼֵܣԼˣЩҶеۣһҶۣӭӶıҶ޾ŭ
ҪĽУڱʹð˱ӵģǰʩʵǱǲ׼ġ
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ǿ˲һС˲𣿺ߣĻԵĻҸԼȥʡﻹʲô˷衢ʳ𣿡
С㾹Ȼң
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ⶫ̫һȻҲȻҶڿзҲʱļС˲٣ҶƾԼϻǿ󣬶ԷķƷϿ϶ȲԼ
ǡʲôȻڿз裿˵ֻʼǿڲʸڿΪʲôǿԷ裿
һλѧԱ̲ס¶Ľɫ˵
УǷ֪𲻣ʵ΢ҲԷģҲֻǿ߲ſӵУʸ񰡣û½ϡٿһ¶Ļ˲ʱ̳ΪĶġ
ǰǿߵȨ
˷׷׿ʼ۷׷׵˵
㾹ȻңʲôȻڱǰղűչ˵ʵûΪԼڱл𣿡
ӸУⶫ̫һɫѿ˵
ˢ
޴ɫ쳣ҶȻķɵ˿УֱӶŶԷм˵
ߣֲûжԿ

ԴҶǻھĿĸĺ
͡
һǸѸٵƵҶߣ޴ľĿ棬СѾͷѾ˵֮ɫ
ˣ
ȥȫĵش
ҶдһĨ䣬ղŵĲ˾ĿߣΪĻСѾͷ϶ᱻನܵصĴˡ
ǣ
˵һ˫Ŀ΢΢һǶ̫һﵭ˵
ˣҽһССƷʵҲ˵ǰʮ
Ҷ쵭˵
Ҫ
Ȼ
һƬĻȻһҶѾֲˣȴټһӱ̬ūͣҴӶԷƺǶǶ̫һ˿δϣ̫һĻΪ߸ϵǿߣܵ谡
Сڡ
СѾͷ뿪֮ҶתĶŶ̫һа׹˸ѣһǹȻĳǰѩǹǹָŶԷҶ¶һĨмɫ
ҲҾҪ㣬޵еģ
һĺ᣺
Ѿ˵ѧԱ֪ô
ߣǸ׳ղ֪δ䣬ҵĵδдһСȻҵ˵ձһҪնɱڴйͷ֮ޣ
̫һķǴҶƺţΪ֮ˣǱ䣬ҲҪ㾹ȻڱҵҪ˭֪ô֪Ķ
䵫ȴſֲңңĴ˰ƶըװΪ֮פ㡣
Ҷ
̫һ˫ĿĵɳڿʼʱѾԼĲ²Ҷʵݿ϶һ㣬ȴҲδ뵽ҶݾȻ½ΪҶ
Ҷ
ٵʧĽȻǶҶݿʼﲻѣ˵ɫһʼڴɫ˵Ķš
һΪһǿߣߵݶޱȸ߹󣬶ʵ˿ֲ
ˮ֮Ů罣޵໥ĶһۣĴӶԷ˫Ŀп˶Էʱľ֮ɫ
ɣ˵ޣֱҵȹҵͷ󻼰
ɫŭĺ
Ϸݺ۳½һʮ꣬ǿΪĳ̶ȴﵽĲΣδ֪СҶݣΣռնɱ㣬Σѵ˵ҪϷҪɣ
ٶŴﵽĳ̶ȣҲ˵ڣ
Ҷ첻мĴЦ

ĵмԼǷƵĻڵⶫ̫һɫһ仯һѸٵʧԭء
ȳˣ
ڶԷֵǰһ̣䱸֮ԽǿҵҶѾʼŶԷҶϵһӿʼ
ߡҵı󣬾Ȼͼ͵Ϯңǿߣǿߵֶ𣿡
֮鲼ΧԲ׵ķΧǶ̫һһжҶƿ֮Уѩǹ˰գѸٵĳһصĵط˹ȥ
ƮгǹѸٵ΢΢ĶУѸٵĻǧƵĻӰֲǹӰ֮ȴĿԷıںδ
Ҷ챳Ķ̫һɫ΢΢һ䣬ĳҶΪȻ֪Ϊǿ󣬵ʵ̶ȴԼԲһϣţԼ㹻ĸ㶨ֻҪԼȥСĵӦһж൱ɵġ
ǵҶı֮ȴȻоһ·ǱһٵסȻҶѾоĴںϢ
˫ϺɫĹâ΢΢˸һ£ʱȵĻɿĵ߳ĻϢߵ弱ٵһ
ڣ
סҶĳǹʱȵ·һĻһٵĽѩǹ͸ǹ⴫ݹ
һĴʹȻѩǹѾµĻϢ
ߣֻ𣿡
ҶȻתǹ˳ֱӵĳУǹٴεǰȻŤתŲ˼ĽǶȿʼѸٵŤһаĲʼڿвϵ˸
ǾתҶҲ޷ʱƶԷķǵʱɲֻǾתİǡħǾǳصģǳ֮εȵĿֲ˺ѵǿѾѰ֮˿󵽵ˡ
ҹ
ǹȻķɫɫˮ֮Ϣɫâɫںһ壬Ȼıŷ
ֳ֣·Ǿκһŭ߳Уе˶̲סĵһ


382 
ָոյĺ޷ŵУһɢӰȻ͵Ĵˤ
ȴ޷Լ½סٶȲϵΧɲϵĳŶԷϮȥ


ɫޱĶ̫һŭ
ϵĻ·ŭİĽһϵݻһȻ𻨿ʼϵشıǿֲĳʱȻķ˴̶ĦǲϾ㵺ͱõУⶫ̫һǿз
ˡ
ǹ˵İԵҶЦֹĶŶԷһ֮ɫĶ̫һźЦ
ϣӣ㻹ΪԽѵ𣿡
оһѪڣ̫һ΢΢ǳУһɺƮһȴָֻеľȴ޷ڸǵı©ϣҶʵ̫ķˡ
ǵģ
̫һڿʼʱҶ첢δϣΪԷεĿֲȴҲ޷Լ̶ȱȽϵġ
Ѱ֮˿ĵȼǲͬڴʦµĵȼһִʱĿ¸ı䡣
ٶϵľ˼ӳ֣ϳ׵ĳ̶ȣٶȺ͹ϵĳɱѰ֮˿ɲ²ġ
ǰҶȴʮĴһϸơ
С־ȻŲҵٶȣĻ쵰ģֻдʦĲΣΪʲôȴԴﵽڵ̶ȣҵĽƺѾ֪ˣڼҪͼǰȴ޷ıԷĹ켣ѵ˵ҵ˼𣿡
ܿĶ̫һȴе뷨˦ҶЦ
ٶȻǲΪΪϣҲһֻȽǿ϶ѡ
ЦУ̫һȻҶһȭȥ
һȭȥǿĿռ侹ȻޱȵĳһݵĻߣͬһ㱻ѹȥ̬
εĿֲѸٵѹֲĦ쳹˰̨ϿϵĸϵתķдޱߵĴ
ȻļУ̫һȭ·޵һ㣬ѸٵĳŶԷǰ
Ҷ˫Ŀ΢΢һУгǹѸĻߺĦ֮ʼ˸

嫵ȭǼĳǹȻײһ
εȴʵʵײУ֮ʼı仯ҶеѩǹϵķԭֱĳǹʱѾΪĹֲֿߵ໥Ŀпʼⳤǹǿеѹ°ĳǹٵĲʱҶɫҲ쳣
Ťĳǹһʧأǿ㹻屻ǿеĻɵġ
͡
ϻȻ˸ٶȾ˵ʮε˲УǿڵҶĿƷΧУ

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˾˵ͬǱķʯһǿе䵽˵Ϸ˾˵ı֮µУһɲӻð˵İɫ
Ҷ΢΢Ķ˼£˵ղŲǿеתԼǿĳ̶ȣеѩǹͱ˳ȥ

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ͳŭҶﴫХ֮ҶϵƺʱıǲѣǿǶ̫һǿĳ̶ȴҲ̲סüͷǸղŵļ֣ѾԼεĶ޷СǰСˡ
ȻҶĽǿ󣬿̫һҲӹ֣ݺ½µȻҶ޷ĵط
һӥʳһ㣬ָ˿Ѹٵתָγְ̬ء
ٵص̬չ֮Ҳ·ʼþ޴һתУ˲ʱ̣ǰһӵĻþˡ
֮
ӵľӼɣǰζɼ£ҶǿֲĽûȥ˿⣬ֻǽ֮סȫ
͡䡭
ֲ񱩵ȭͿµ˺ڽӴ˶̫һ˲䣬ͻȻһ͵Ȼס˶Է壬Լһɷ൱
ôܣ
Ҷɫ΢΢ı仯
֮ҿ
¡¡
תУǧ׵ķΧУĸ߿֮ϣһľǳѸ͵ĳҶѹ˹
ȻʱҶʽĲⷶΧУ֮ķӵŵĺܡ
ʲô似
оǿֲŶԷĺʼٵķⷴϵǿǿ˿ֲĳ̶ʵҶЩ̲סһ
ֵĳ֣һըƾյ쳹һ˿ԤҶԺУҲûҶѸٵĿʼ֡
ǴʱһӵľӾȻٵת˹һĪҶŶԷ˹ȥ
ͬʱԷķѾѸٵǿ
ߡҪ𣿡
Ҷһķ¶һ˿Ц֮ɫ
硢⡢ۡ֡Ǹ˲ںϳΪһֱ߰ĳ̶ȣ˿ûԥڵޱ߰͵к
ҷԣ
֮֮ǳ֮תֿµ˳һǵĽֱӵںҶұϡ
ɪɪĳ۲ϵĶ漴ĿԿⳤ֮Ȼ˵Ŀռ䣬һ䶼Ǵ˾˵ƻһȭжôĿֲ
䡭
ˡ
һȭĻΧ谭һӵľҲʼİ̫һɫü࣬Ҷ֮һ΢žȴɫ
ôܣôܣ
̫һ޷ŵĺ
ǵģܣһȴ˵ķˡ

ڵǿһȭѹ£֮ķͷܵ˼ޣһлĹʧ֮䣬ҶĹȴδ˵ֹͣһȭ֮Уڣ

ֲѪ˺ֵĽһķѸͣڽ֮֮󣬺ԥļ˶Էš
žžž
΢ıУ̫һǰĳۻƬƮֲȴĸǿоķĩ
Ǽжѣ˵ȴƺѾ뵽һȻ״̬Ҷֲ͹صʵΪ֮̾еǿ
͡
屻ǿеļɳȥ˫ڿз˼ĦԼǰǸѾ˴Ѫȴʮȭӡ̫һɫʱҪѿжѿ
ܺðܺá㾹Ȼҵ֮ˣܺãһӵУǵһѪˣСӡ֮˼򵥵ط࣬߳ҿ


383 
ϵ˻ֲѹȻղŸӵĿֲѾ˺ѵĳһ޷ס̫һϵѹѸٵĻǧƬʼƮ˰УһϣǳԹ̫һһֲļֲȳ·Ǿĵ̵Ϊĵһ㡣
Ϯ˺ۿɼղŵԵĲֻǰһֲȭӡڹ͵Ŀ¡
Ҷ˻Ԫһ۵˿δйϵȴϵţ·һȼըҩһ㣬еĿֲ
ǡֵ˲䣬̫һҲʹȻŤϴĿɱ⣬һĽ͸⣬γһһ㣬ֲ̬˸оǺεȵĿֲ
طĸֵʱҶбѾ䱸Ǿһ̵ʱ䣬һصĹâȴӰ̫һϱ˳
Ļ治ϵȼȼյĲϽУǲһʱѣɫٴε¡
ɫɫɫɫɫ
ɫת޷ĮӶԷ仯ʱϵĸıʵ̫ѸˣҶûа취ֹԷ
֮Իʵ̫Ŀˣ಻ıƲڶȼ˲ĺɫϼ⣬㹻ı̬ı仯ðװɫ΢΢һ䣺
쵰Ȼƴ쵰˵Ҷ죬Ĳ㣬ڴһλҲģ̫һҿǻζˡ
ʱϵĿٱ仯Ҷһ˲жϣ˽䱸Уǻǳ֮;ת໥ںϣˮ֮ĲƿأʱҶѾԼ
Ϣ֮Իģ˵ҽǻ֮ںϵĻҵĶֵģ
ҶȴҲû˿ĵ֮ɫĶǰһб仯
ɫ滺һɫĵһ㣬̫һƺʱþ޴
͡
˫ĿһԽɫ˫ĿǿֲעӾȻҶоԼϴһ΢Ĵʹ
𡪡͡
ĸ쳹أһǰ̤ȥʱޱߵ澹ȻٵԪǿе˺Ѷ·һѸٵĳΧʼĲ׽
𡭡
һֲŭУһµٵĴĻ۵˶̫һı
ˡ
ռ̲סĲһֿµĸо㹻ҶӣһΣ֮ζоǵɱҲδоڳ˶̫һϣ㹻ӡ
ԶĸѾݺݵҶ֮ϵеν൱˽ҶľأһƿزõĻȻҶԵĻܵʷǰĴʹˡ
ԽԽֲˣʱҶڵøоԼǰ۾ȻήǷѾ뵽ԼеĻʼɢ
ϻȻ˸弱ٵȥ׵ĳ̶ȣҶɫȴ΢΢һ䣬˺˲䣬ֻһߴ׵Ŀֲ˳С
һľװۼüһֲļǳ𣬿ֲĻǰȴ·Ϊܵһ㣬ӯζ˵ӣӵľ
ƬĻ滯˵ˮ״ʼڽ䵽ǰߵʱȴֹͣˣֻΧŶԷϵת
֮ҵĵһֶΣȴƳˣ;ȴΪֲĽֶΣҶ졭㵹ǸƳ
Цⶫ̫һĽ
ط𣿡
Ҷ¶һĨмɫƺǲҶĲм֮ɫ;ʱһŭŶ̫һȻĻУʱ԰ټƵˮ״ĻȻĳҶ켤˹ȥ
ߣ
ҶһеĳǹðȻʹǹ˳磬ǹһУ񲻿ɴݵĿֲϵڣ֮ȻγһƬı磬Ǳ֮ϾԷĻ֮˲˲Ǳ״̬Ҳ˵ĻΪС
㵹Ǹܰ
˿˼ԼݵĶ̫һ֪߳ܵĴ
ݵ飬Ҫ˵ǰװˣڳ˶ʼ׷üͷһٶǿߣһʮĵͼѧԱԱʵǲ̫ЩڵѧԺѧԱʼЩ̲סĵԴʵ̫ˡ
衢ģҪȥɱĶѧԺȥ𣿡
һֱǹۿеϺ̲סüͷ漴˫Ŀйâ˸ѣ̰Ŀ˵ĳֺǺĲҲǴĿģͨһεıƴٵ˻˵նġ
ط࡭ҿ
͡
ǿҵ𶯺·УҶҲκεıǿֲаһ˿ŭ֮λ̲סĴһ¡
طࣿСҲطࣿ

ռȻĿʼһֲֻצӷ·ǴǺڶ˺˿ռֵһݺݵ
ɫëɺͫصĳβüһֻĳ̳һԹصĺɫ·ǵħһ㣬ر˳
׳̶ȵİڤ˿ûоɫĶǻ;ƺһĨӣٵƿڤҶ¶һĨЦ⣬ѾĿɿڴĶ̫һ˵
Ǽɡ
ʲôôܣ㲻ǿΪʲôֲطࣿΪʲôܵģƭңƭңȥɣ
ֲĻ;һŭУⶫ̫һĿһ޴ĻȭͷҶ˹ȥ໥׵ĳ̶ȣҶɸоǿµǱеĻҪ˵Լˡת͡ħǾԼǴ·Ҳᱻһȭ޵ġ
ʲô似һķƺǴĳֹԡ
̲סüͷ˵Ĳϴ߷ƺȻĿʼϵļǱѩףһλʮµٸһ㣬Ȼ֪ŮѾ䣬ǵԷǰ͹̵̬ٵؿζѧԱ̲סĿʼоԼĺ
һλĸ֣ƺһҲò˶ٵ顣
˫ĿȻļֲĹâеѩǹٵĴҶнӹǰڤ峯ŶԷ˹ȥ
˫ַɿľۼҶһƬУı迪ʼؽ˫ĿһĨʼ˸ѡ
еʼǾͶвϵıͷų
ڲˮ֮ΪԴʼͷų׻֮ʼϵŭؼ侹Ȼһøӵѹơ
ԽԽı軺ؽ䵽˵ϣ֮Ȼγ˵ıѣϵĲټʯҲʼѿ˴ķ϶
һǿֶΣ뿪̨ǧ׷Χ
˵罣޵ĺȵ
Ǳ轵䵽˵֮ѾٵѧԱıסһЩطҲ֪⻹⣬Щ轵ĵطûһҶѧԺڵλá
ǵҶ˵һǿľſֲֶʦĳ̶ȱɱλʦǿߺһλǿߣǸ˵ɱ
һʱλɫʼı仯ʦ㹻ɱһλˣڵĴʦǿߡ
һ˼ʼвϵļҶڿ϶ģǴȴţȻܻܿƲɵıʱѡΪеĻҲǲ˵ˡ
һڳ˵Ĳ²⣬ֻ곤ƮУƸʤղš


384 սʤ
Ѿʼ𽥵ĳͣҶ˫ĿǱ˿ֲıâֲһֲֻԵʷǰһ㣬ʱڴǳ˯ѹ
ָϵĲҶȻûκεı飬ǲָϲ԰׵ɫʵԼһĵʵǾ˵ĺܡ

ǽˮ֮ſʩչĿֲҶʵڽ˴ʦĲ֮ѾٳݽߵĿˣڲһʱʵʹõҲʼ
ĳ̶ȣʱ䣬ʱȻҪȴ˸࣬оϵɺĵٶ֮нסİԿЦ
ǰ׼õĵҩʼ׽оҩĳ֣ʱ·һƬ̰ɳĮȻһ㣬ٵĽȥ
䡭
һֲײУǺڤצѾݺݵػ˻;壬˿ֲʱ;ĵĳ̶ȣڤķȴҲȼ˵Ϣ΢΢ʧһ֣ǻ;ȴûжˡ
˫Ŀϵ˸еĶѩǹٵĽһ˵ǹճⶫ̫һǰȥ
ž
ʲôҪֹ㻹˺ܶࡣ
ޱĶŶԷеѩǹȻ֣һתľͻȻıǿֲĳǹεǹ淢ɪɪ˺
Х಻ֻѪͻȻĴ˳ҶʹõĸӾȻθϲ˲٣ȴʵʵĻ˶Էš
һСѾޱȶ˵ˣȴһСûһƿܸˣ̫һǽһ߳ŭ
쵰ȥɣ
һ֮ѸٵĻ˶ԷһѸٵĻûʮ׵ĴĴ߻ͻûĽĻɵ˰֮⣬ûҲûκεĴУȻһ֮ѾಿλһڻήֲĸӲҵȴǰȥ
طѾΪԼȡʱҶ챳ϻȻ˸һ£ǧ֮⣬ڶһҶٵļӿ˶Ļۡ
Ȼ޴󣬵ȴҲҪӵʱ䣬ӵʱ䣬һǰȴ㹻ɱԼˡ
뵽ЩҶ޲õʹԼĻҲҪǱ
ԽԽǿңΧĿռ䶼ΪֲʼòǷ·˸оҶƺһֲֻһ㣬ǸȴоҶ졭һε
λɫǰװһЦ֮⣬ļλ¶һĨΪǷоֲ棬صѾǲвĸолһ֡־壡
һһ׳̶ȵλӰҶпʼûڽ˴ʦƷ۷ĳ̶ҶһȫʩչǱ
ûϵĿʼ۲ϵĿʼݻǱɫĳʱѾʼǿǳ֮ɫ֮Լ׻֮ɫˮ֮ɫʼĳ
¹ǡ롢ӥצסһеһ𽥵ĳΣ
ӨĹâ޷˳ʱѹƾȻֻγƬһĴڣǵоǹɿֲѹ˲䣬еȴıɫǿǸǸоֻҪԼӴһ֮ӭԼıΪҵĳµʱˡ
ƯڰеıҶ¶ɫԭ԰׵ɫʱѾúǿ󹦷תʼĽԪעҶС
Ҷ춼Ը⽫ԼŵƿǶԷ޴ǿֲԼʱϵĥҪģһ©֮䣬ǿǿƾǵ;ԵĻжϳȱݡʱϵӳ٣
Ҷ޻ڣ
ʱ䵹˵Ļɻѡԭֵܱۣ˭ȥһƬۣӭӵıǰı
Ȼͻ׼໥ʱ䲢ֵȴ·ǴѪϵһ㣬ǿΪ˶Է㹻Ļĸ顣
ҶΪԼĳٵǻ׾ԵĲδһжѾˣҶҪֻ
ϴһҪͦסѾĻûиνʳأ
Ҷ૵ĵ
쵰ȥɣ
һȭǰʱȵĻ֮ʼ֮󣬶ʱð˵Ѻۡ

һȭ֮еֲѾΪ˷ĩȻ֮ȼպܿʧС
һȭ֮󣬶̫һɱ֣ǵҶʱɫȴʼ仯
ƺǵȴܳʱˣɫĳ۲ϵƮǳȻԵңȴִֵ֣һԱâ˵Ĺأһֵľ㳤ѾʼһȫС
ͫ׾ҵ̫һ̲סĲǻ;Ϊһʧʧȥƿرǰڤһצ˺ǰ
΢΢ļһ֡
Σ
µΣԤף
ʱѾ׵ĸоΧǺεȵĿֲĿз·һĿʼˡ
ʲôȻҶо˿־壿
̫һͫѾâһ̬
ȥ
·ĸԼ˼һҶﴫ˳֮Ķʼѿĺۼȴκεһ˶޷ĮǰһС
;壡
ΪĶ̫һһβ˿־޷ĸоǿеĽǻ;Լǰ
ž
һȭ֮һ΢ıƲˣ漴ǰı仯ȴ˵ӵĺܣֻǻ;ȭͷڽӴ˱һ˲侹Ȼ˿ֲı裬зǰΧŵ档
˱ǳʶҶȴʵеˣҲ˻
쵰
ȫ߳ŭĶ̫һŭʱѾоҶıĿֲ
ȭͷֱӵĻ棬Ļ˱档
ˡ
һɺۼ˿ֲĹ⻪һ̡
𡭡
ٵذȴޱȱʼͷ
һؽԾ
ҵıɵľͿԵĻεܹΪأ
һ֣ȴ·گһ㣡


385 ټڰ
䡭
Ӵĺ籩ֺһ㣬֮Ȼ֣춯صıըõ˫ǹɴɢĿ¶ȣӿһĨ
ǣһӰ类شݺݻеԲһ㣬£;ɺѪʣһ޵Ѫ硣
ıֱ֮ӵĽǻ;İΧ˺ѣһξǽǷԲһصķΧһصı˪
ͬѩһ̬ʵ޷ӡ
ɿѿķ϶пռһĺɫݣȻѾγΪֲĿռڶ֮СǺڶ©׵ȴǿеı
һƬǽ̬˷׷׵һڿˮϵǸѾȫıȻ˵ϢУȴѾü΢
δɱһǿߣȴƾǺǿ߸һεĴʦνһʧȥ˷㹻԰ˡ
ҶɫѾ¿ٵĻָϵƣָ΢΢һǰڤٻ˻ȥǿڤĳٴεĽ뵽˿ݽߵĳ̶ȣǱ̬ԪٶȴҶգָ֮ԭĵز
һҶѾⶫ̫һǰָ΢΢һҶҦƿһ塭
ľѪҶ˵൱ãħļԽǿ̲صľѪԽǿͨ˵ľѪûжٵĶóǻٳɶ࣬ǿߵľѪȴѰ˵ǿ
׵̫أȻҶ콫Ķظ˳඾δ壬лܵ˶̫һĻһζȥʹϺõĵҩҲȫİա
ⶫ̫һľѪȴʮĺöĻ㹻׵ʹ̥һĳɳʵҲ뵽ʦƷ۷ĲϣһľѪһһϦյģԵĿԺĳ̶ϱԭѸͺܶģﵽʦʵҲսġ
Ǿָ̫һʱͻȻһŹֵĲд˳
壬Ҫˣ
һֻݵȻ˺ǿռ侹ȻǿеĳǶ̫һץ˹ȥ
ң

ȻҶѧԺ
λǿ߷׷׵Ĵŭѣ˵Ҷǰⶫ̫һҲͰ˵˵ǵǰǿдߵĻǴȥĻ˵Լǰˣ
ݵֱۣصӰɫĳۣɢŶصаϢҶ̲סĿٵŶԷֱץȥ
ǺǡССĴʦȻҳű֣
΢΢һ£ʱޱȿֲĺɫٵĳҶǰȥ
ߣҹ
ҶѾָ߳ɣȻδȫʢȴҲӡ
ˣСӣǺڰѾסˣõСһ㣬ʦĲξȻԻɱǿߣ㡪ˣ
˵ӾȻ׵˺˿ռһץסѾû˿ֿĶ̫һֱӵĻ˶ԷϵһԾ
ߡڰˣ
װɫޱѿλˣֲѹû˿ڸǵı˳

ԵѹƿʼŶԷٵĳȥ
ڰѹ
֮ǿĳ֣κεһǿ߶ƿأֻȻתϵĺɫâȻγһֻ޴ĺɫ۾
а۾·аһֲ֮Ȼ˲޷ĸо
֮һﾹȻ֮ʹã
Ҷ챳ϻȻȶ߲ǾŰپʮ֮ȻıЯ̼֮ĳ֣ԷС֮Ҷħ۵ķ¸޷˿Ч
һԴ֮ɫݳҶǰоԼĺڰѹǼλǿֹסƬ̵̬ϵ֮ɫ΢΢˸̲ס˵
ķµߺߣǿߵ갡ӦǺζ
Ҫ뿪˲䣬ͻȻһ߳ı
°ɣ
ʲô
ߵɫ䲻ѣֻıҶϻȻ˸ָγ˼ٵɺ쾢
һצ
ɱ
һٵźȥ

汬֮˵ɿŶ漱˺󣬵Ҷ챳ϻȴǿеȻĴ߷УȫĵֿԷĽķʼǰ
һצǿеĴ˶ԷɢſֲӰ⿪һצ˺ʧһ壬ʣצӻҶһƬѪۡ
һ㾪ˣ
ߵɫݺݵر仯ǴʱҶ߲ȴȻ˸ƺݺݵߵɣһȭ

ꡭ
ߵķȻûҶֲǿֲǳ֮ӳ֣Ѱķ޷ֿԷǳϬ
һѣǴ˿̵Ѿ˺ѵĺڶУҶƼæİ˶̫һ壬Źļȡٵת

߿Ҫˣ˱΢һϲԼǰԼһͼԼⲻʲô
ǴʱҶȴûзſϻһ˸пٵİΧ塣
µ㶫ɣ
װǿдνĺڰѹ˹һӶٵһ޴ŶԷĶɫ˺ѺڶС
͡
һƺ֮󣬶ʱһѪǺڶм˳һŭ֮ڶٵʧ˵ǰ
һҶѧԺɴ˵Ľˣ˵һεı䲻δҶѧԺ㻵ǡǡ෴ҶǴʦΪѧԺԺ˺޻ֵĳ̶ȣκ˵ǰһޱ˵ı֡
ͬʱˮ֮ŮԼҲ׷׵ĽѹǲɵȻóµҶѧԺѾ˲ܵĳ̶ȣ˵ĵĻȻѾǿƿصˣѧԺǹҵѧԺȻҲȥ˵ĶԴ
Ҷʵﵽ˴ʦĳ̶ȣ˵Ųʮ꣬ӿµźǿ߿ĳ̶ȣǻ˶Է˵½вֶߣת֮ҶĳƺҲΪ˴½ϵһµĴ˵
һ㲻ǶҶѧԺһ£ǶĴ˵Ҳ൱ֵÿĵ飬ǿ߱ǺĴڣǶڵ˵ǿҲ׵ĵ⣬Ϊϣ
ѾΪ˴½ϵĹȻѧԺҲڴǺһʮȽϣѧԺҲ㹻ĿʡԵġ
ܿѧԺڴǿ¿ʼձ࣬ձ֮ѧԺҲûյǰʢ
һͼĴڣεǿ󣬵ȴҲܵӵġ


386 ʦ
ʱҶȴûкͳһε෴ǵȵոչȥûмʱ֮ٵѡһطʼչء
ǿһУȻҶʤˣǶԷȵĻ֮ȴҲϳֳ˻ٵ˺Щ˺Ȼһ̶ԵЩ΢Ҷȴ˿Ĵ⣬ܳʱҶ춼Լ岻ϵĴʵĲ֮ҶȴԼȻ˵İ±Ѱ֮˵ĻָҪǿѸȴҲ˵ڵС֢״޷
˵⾭ĳЩϸС𣬱˵ϵһЩơ
ЩΪʱδɵӰ죬˵˵Ļûİ¾ԵĻ¿µĺǶҶ˵ȴûжٵѡ
оɱ洫ݳʼԼڲϵߣҶǵҩҲҧ飬оϵľŵҩĲ쿪ʼĴ֮ҶҲʼ¶һĨϲɫ
ЧɴڣⵤҩɱԼֱİ£ҶҲʹ˵Ŀʼϵĸı
Ц⣬һĨ鶯ӨӨâʼҶϲϵ˸˵ɫϵת
ͻȻʱһĲҶɢⲨԴͷȻҶһöȥ۵Ļ档
ǣ
ҶҵĲǾϲɫԱ
ķҶϵҲ֮Ŀʼ
ǺǡСһﰡ˵ٴˣʱɻıǷ񣬸ӼɻϵĴ󲨶ôʱôδסԼ仯أ
Ȼ𱸣ֹذȴԷʵ뷨͸©˳
һɫâ˸Уһλɫ۵߻سҶǰϵȴԵ÷̬ǳ׵ԼֹذЦݲʦ˭
Ǹľ׮»Ӻꡭ
Ǹڲ˵ꡭ
תתĻ򣡡
֮£Ҳ֮
Ѿ
ǡȻôѾʼˡת״̬Ŀ黹ں棬ҿǷֵܹס

һδεĿ飬һδεƴһδεĹذʱڵ˽ҶǰĴƣǶԼȴֿ̿Ҫʦ˫ڵһ̺ݺݵع˵ϣ
ʦ𡭡ӣ㰡
ˮ᲻ᵯǴʱȷʵϲˮ
Ǻǡ֮ӰɳˣҲˡ
ӵ¶ο֮ɫ˵
ʦ𡭡
Ҷס棬ڵҶǺεȵǿ󣬵չһԽߣ֮󲻶ϵѹΣһͨ˵һĪĥ˭Ψһһ˽ݵˣ״ӵĹϵȻҲǿ֪ġ
Ǻǡʵﵽ˴ʦĳ̶ȣҾĲҲԶˣһνһûٻʱ;ɡ
Ȼһֱڳ˯ǵоԼעһ꼫ʵʱǸоˡ
Ҷ콫ʱľϸϸĶӽһ顣
񼶵ǿ߰ħ죬Ϊħ֮
ӵ¶˸֮̾ɫ˵
ʦ𣬶Ҽ̳жԷ־Ϊڶħ
ҶСʵ

εĲ֪Է˼ȴ¶ˬʵЦݣ
ΪԼӵǿνħħѣȴδΪֻҪסһ㹻ˣıԣĳ̶ȺµķԵĲ˵ġ
Ҷǵǵɫ˵
ңԣħĻҲڰвٿصԵʰɣĻټһħεĻᱻǿеĴݻ٣ħ죬ȻΪʦδˣǴĽ˵У㹻ĸоĳԷһа֮
ǵģҲоϵӷԼһ˵ʵƺ޷˺ѵĳ̶ȣ˵ܹħȻںһĻӶǵİȫҲһֱϣڵӿѾǺڰ˸ˣʦһܺõĽͣΧʦϵǰаǺڰ˵˸ɵģȻħ֮Ѿǿ̲ݻˡ
ĵ˵ͷ
ȥɣʦ֧㣬ƺ㻹һδ˵
˵ʱӵ¶һĨ֮ɫЦ˵
ǸСƺǻѩŮеء
ٺٺ١
ҶЩЦ
ָ΢΢ĶУϵٵҶȻû뵽ͻȻʩչҶȴûоܾΪŵˣǿ϶Էǲ˺ġ
ˮ֮ڵĳ̶Ѿȫںһ壬ǻһҪԵע⣬תҲδߵĳ̶ȣڵİ֮㹻ĳ˵ʱΣ˿˵ڵҲ㹻ʵȥٴεǻ֮ˣ˵ˮ֮㹻㷢ӳһбҲţƾŻ֮ӳӿֲˮȻ໥ںϣʵûϲںϵڰ֮䱾ǳֳ̫̬ںϣ˵ڵҪϵȥֻҪʱ֮㹻Ϊ㱣֤Լʵ֤
Ӳǧµǿڣ˺ָܿҶڵǷȱͲ㡣
ǵʦ𡣡
һҪע⣬Ҳͨۿ֮ŵóĽۡ
Ҷ˵
ǵӵʲôԵ𣿡
ЦŰ˰˵
ת͡ħǾȻǴĹ⡶ħǾڽڹϵķ̶ȿʼøӿǡħǾȴɲǡתϾ⡶ת˴ɳ̶֮㹻Ŀ԰ȡʥĵز⡶תȡǿʵҪȴմˮ֮ΪͣĳֿʱΪʵĻˮľֻ֮дغǰȺˮͲΪҪģˮ֮Ҳĳɾݻڣ˵ΪʦѾһЩͨϵ֮󣬵óһֲĽۣҪļԿʼȫںϣҷӳеãҪܻԭʮǰٱ򱶡Ǹ࣡


387 
ɰǧ򱶵ĳ̶ȣ
Ҷ˫ĿʼùԲ㼫ѰңЩĺ˵õ֮Ļ´ҪõĻǾԻ൱ѵģǵҪ˿ֲҶɫڿʼ仯
Ҫˣƾڵʵ˵Ļ´ȥģĺܣǺǵϹŻȽ϶Ҫܶģ챦϶ܶ࣬˵ֻҪȥʱϿ϶ġ
Ӱο˵
ǵģֻҪȥŬصôһᱻҵġ
СƺǻٵĻ֮δգȴʼεȥȡˡ
һʦͽδȻ໥ĺ磬ӱϾǧأҲҶħħ֮ΪϵĴڣȻԷľ͸㼼ɶ൱ḻģһ̸֮ҶȻδͻƣʵȴѾһεĽչˡ
ѾԵ˵Ǽѵõģоϵʵٴ˲СҶ첻Եĸ̾
ȻǼһһ


֮
ӯӯ֮⣬ɢӨɫ̹ģȻδе˿˿ӨȴѾ㹻Ҷ쿪ʼв
񡭡
֮Уһͷٲĳͬˮֱ°˳ĽޱȣǵȴмٵĲ·һСڿɪɪһ˵вϧ֮ġ
ӣһˣ
ǰˣҶЦ˵
ء
ӣһѵıסҶ죬ȭʼϵػҶţһеˮĿʼӨѸٵȾʪҶĽе
££˵¾ͻģȴȴҵ˰꣬Ҵ쵰쵰ĵ˵ǰ꣬أƭӡΪʲôҪ˵ĵġ
촽ס˰ӣӣҶ¶һĨǸɫε˵
з޷Ԥϵ飬˵ǸǸ
촽У̵ȴվǱҶȫˣһĨ˰ӣϡ
ǰɷ̬Ҷĺ𽥵ĿʼЩ
£ѷƵγĵø͹֣һͷ㷢ٲ㳷Ƿĺ󱳺Բʵļͷϣ첲࣬źһЦѣģӣ࣬˵ϸöƤ⻬ϸۣͦʣʮ㡭۲ϣ޳üһ˫۾ˮӾʱʱǵﲨ
̬¼ǿϷҲֿܵסҶ첻ǿϷӸӲ»ݣ˺ܿϱΪԭʼķӦ
ĽĻѩУ˿˿ϵĴӰӣĽϿʼĴ̼Ҷ첻ϵķԴصĺ
ڰӣķУҶĲȥܻȫס˻Ѿ·һˮĽѩɫĶ˼£Żﲻϵķ΢ĲҶ˵
ӣҪ㡣
˵ȴѾڰӣĽϻĸƵ
ҡҪ
дһĨ޳Ľëţѩɫļ棬׹ת·ΪӨİһ㡣
һĶҶڵ̲סڰӣһĽн˴ǰһŤη·һ޵İ״һŮˣҶĳĶѾʼȥ
ڵĻѾõ˿ƣȻҪ˿ǳƺõԱͯպͯվƺСľ˵ʱҲںͰٲԼĶ磬æòɿ˴ʱиû˴ڣҶȻǵĺܡ
ܿ췿б㴫һ쳣ĦʹϢǽ
ãɣ˲ƿص˵ģҶƤԸΪѰҶΪԼ˵ĻȻԺ󻹻иŮΪĶ֣Ҷһƽ֮û취ΪԼеİռ֮ҿĳҶȻ˵ûжУڿʱδıֳһ˿һζȻڿһͨŮӣ˸һһ㣬Ĳ׽ģҲΪΣյ飬ڵ㻹δȥְɣһŬĸһõġ
Ժвϵ˸Ÿ諶Ļȴ޷ƽĵ߻˱ĽʱѾû˿
ûݽȥ𣿵Ǹ硭Ѿݽȥˡ
˵㲣˵Ķˣдһ˿ǰõ̬Ȼͬ
Ϊ֮ŮıһֱƾŽ޵գƾŰ˵ļԼ߰Ըͷ·һֻİһ㡣
ϲˣҪռҪõ˶κεһֻҪǼģǶԣȴûκεһܹ۶ȴܹĶԴ
뵽˵ѰҶбʱ뵽˵ȻԷŮΪ˵ĵط֮ȺͰԵϢƺڶ¡
֪ԼѾݽȥˣǵȵҪֵʱȴûа跹ˡ
ֳǹƮʣɫĳۡһеһж緢ԼȻѾ޷ȴˡ
ݺݵҡҡͷ̲סĿɬ˵
ɣȥȡģǴˡ
ɬ˵
ԡУˮĽеһĨ꿪ʼѹΧһ׵ԡ翪ʼ¥Ǿʱһ޵شݵĶ
һʹƻĽ·ھĥȴеζ֮һ˿ĸоʼȻ֪ôˣȴ̲סǰȥ
ǴӴķдģѵ˵Ǵ𰡣
ڿԴʱжʱһļæƿǹŵģڹİӣҲûı̧㳯ŷĴһȥ

ŷŵǿƿֻһŷۺɫĴϣԹڲϵĲ֮࣬˵ʱһ󣬳׵ɵۡ


388 
㡭ǡ㡭ΪղšղŽΪˡ
翴ҶǰӣԹڴϣ˵Ķ˵ķŵһӢδ֮εܹ侲˵ʼüٺͲĸǱøӹزѡ

ĽڵĿʼŮﴫ˳ʱ˲ķӦҶ챻ӣһӵķ˹ȥӣҲٵĽԼĽһ㳤
һˮδɵ̬Ů˵ıһֱδֹˣҲֻһԡ֮ˣʱǰ׻ĴȼİöأһXXOO˵ջȿ²һ˿ġ
ڵҶ컹δﵽĸ߳һʱһ̬϶ʱҲʼڱӣĶ֮Ѹٵһ㳤ۣһ֮ɫڴϡ
ҡȳȥˡ
Ҷĳɱڵ̬ĽʼӢδ޵Ǵ֮δӴκεһˣ˵ǰĳʵֲ̫ЩεܹӦסֲ̬
˵еģѾʼ˼ޣȸЩ˫֮ͳһĨζʱﻹﶺѸٵ뿪

ҶһڨڨЦӣӣ̲סߺԼҶݺݵһ˵
ҲܹҰ˭֪СͻȻŶģҲΪ㰡е̫ĴЩ
˵
뵽ԼȻ֪ɬΪļк̬Լղǰθ߸ķŵΪӣﻹܽܶԷĵЦ
ӣЩŭҶ켱æıס磬̲סİο
İɣǸղŵٶȺܿģҲҲֻ֪һˣûʲôġ
ӣݺݵصҶ죬ӾҪһһ㡣
ߡ绹ӢδأǴȥĻԺô죿ҡߣ
˵֮󣬰ӣ¶һĨ޺޵ĹâСһٴεĳҶļҧ˹ȥ
ҧ
۰
Ҷ̲סʧ˳ǰӣƺǺ޼ˣǺСǲɿ
ָ΢ʱҶٴεĽ˶Էĳеĵط

ߺͺǷŭУҶһεĿԼϵ˿ڣЦ˵
ֻǸֻҪ˵ĻҶԺǰһģǶһλҵ˽ϴ󰡡
ӣߺߵ˵
˭˵Ϊҧġ
һҶϲ¶˾㵵ɫ
Ϊʲô
ӣ޺޵˵
װ֪ӣߣ֪Ըƽ൱Ļõģֱһ̵õ壬أȴһԹŮһΪʲô
Ϊʲô
Ҷ̲סʵ
Ϊ㰡
ӣǽһŭ
ԩǿҵԩҶ췢Լ˺ԩĳ̶ˣŰӣɷµ̬ҶûϺݺݵĴһ֮ڶԷǾҶε˵
Ϊ𣿵Һʲôϵǿǳ˰ΪҲ諶һ˫˿ĶԹһΪ𣿡
ӣ¶ЦЦɫһŹֵĶҶֱ
ιιιʲô񰡡
˵ϸղԵĻδʧĴ쳱ʱҶĳٴεľٴεĿʼʵҶֶаӣ̲סĽȴ޷谭ԷֵĴֻ֣ܹε΢΢ţȴ̲ס˵
ɣ֪϶ϲġ
ָ΢΢һӲҶϿʼЩŹ
ϲңϲһӴ壬һΪ˳˵ˣСԴеЩʲôء
ӣǿеŽϵϺ쳱ϵ֣ڰס˫ֵĴ˵
㲻Ҫһ飬ȻӣҲɣѵ˵㲻֪һŮ˵ǲܹ״𣿿һ˶Է˵˭鲻˵⣿ҵ˭֪ôİ
Ҷǽһίڵ֪˺Ů˼ƽϣһ
ˣź˵ˣҪȥôŮӼҵƤΣҺܲ˵ġ
뵽ı뺷̶ȣҶʱðһ亹漴֮󼪣Ļ֪ᷢʲôء
ҶԴǱӣӣ΢΢¶һĨʧ
˵ܹһĻƺһġ
뵽ÿκҶ컶ΣԼƣߣӣԼȷʵǸһԼҶԵĲȱŮӵĴڣĻȻģȴǸøԼѰһŮˡ
˵뷨УӣѾĵķС
˳Թ̬ǰ׻ȣǽ̬صĲԼü΢΢𣬵ȴɢޱȻӡ
뵽ӣһ൱ʹ̬ͽĽٴεĿʼͬʱҲ΢΢Ķһ˿Ľʺ޵
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392 л
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ֻнӴЩ֮󣬲Żᷢ˵ĹâصǺεȿֲͷи
СԼԲĹĵĶӣһԱɫͫκ;ᣬȻСצԲĶϲϵĸȴ¶ɫҶϵǳ֮
κǶӵĳȻѾ޷ȥɸǳ֮ˣֻεڵϷһĿʼɵǳ֮
ǳ֮Ī棬ڳɳϻķ涼ˡ
еζƺ㹻ĺҶʳ໥ʱУСһֱƨƨߵĸҶ
˴ǳ֮ԺС׵Ȼʲô仯һëȴԵøӵĹâ
ĬĬĽõһѾ㹻γҺ̬Ԫʵ˶У漴΢֮Ҷ˫Ŀ漴
üħƺ˸һĨصĹâϵϢ·ǳˮһ㽫ȫٴ
ħļʵ̫ķЩҶѾδеľ飬ȴҲ޷ڶʱ֮ڽЩȫÿһʱ䣬Ҷ춼ٴεĽԺеļ䴫пʼһ¡
ܵΧѹѾʼЩ΢Ҷ첻ɵðԿЦ
߼Ѿʼ𽥵ʧȥˣҪؼȥһˣģؼҰ֡
뵽ؼҪĻ֣Ҷ̲סĴһ£ϹҪĻʵЩ˵㣬߼ÿСʱһǧ֣ؼȴҪǧ֣ҶѾΪҹŵˣϵĻҲʮѣķ棬ʮĻ㹻ˡ

ͻȻһµϢҶԺУҶħļֵġ
΢΢˼֮ҶٵϸϸƷζһϢľݡ
֮Ҷ΢΢˫Ŀ³һڳʱľ۾ȥжʹҶԴЩƣĸоˣɼһеϢǺεȵĿֲ
л飿µʽ
Ҷƣ¶˷ܵɫ૵ĵ
ÿһε޶ϳĳֵʦţʦط࣬ΪǿȻҲԼصı֡
л飡
һ˺ڴʣ
޴ʵʼϵϵĳɳҲԽǿȴҲҶܹõһö֮ڤ䣬˵ǿѩǹʱշš
ڴﵽĲ֮ȴ㹻Ŀаոıˡ
̱㱻֮Ϊл飡


393 ı
лĳǿԽıĻûһ״̬Լںһ𣬲ڻ֮ĳ̶ֳҲ˵ĵڵ״̬ʼı䡣
ҶѩǹȻ޴󣬶ҷޱȣһЩ͵ı֮ǻٵĲһѹơ
һл֮ȴ㹻ı
һδﵽε˵ҪȥʵЩңԶˣħļҶȴҵһƪлļ㷽ʽֻҪǰ̽ں֮ȫĿĳ̶Ƚ뵽ڡ
л֮ϻٶǹ϶ᷢСĸı䣬ҲΪʲôҶǿ𶯵ԵʣлȻǿߵı־ȴеǿ߶Աл飬һҶĳ̶ϴﵽ˱лĲΣеĺ䶯̶ȻҲǿ֪ġ

Ҷ̲סĳ̾һһѸٵľ𣬷ɪɪĲһĻָС׶ʱĴɵһߡ
Ǻǡܿұ㹻ĴﵽĲεģʱҵǺڴл֮εȵЧ
ҶС׵Դһ˵
ˮ֮Ϊ͵֮һеˮĲɵڲһˣٵǻ֮Ϊ񱩵еĻԪһɵʱ㹻гܵĪ˺̵棬㹻忪ʼסһ̶ȵĥȴҲˣΪ˱֤Գסǿȵ˵Ҫȫ֮ߡ
ӵҶĵ쳹ʦĻҶδɹϾǧǿˣϻǱҶĶࡣ
ʦǴʱķʽ
֮񱩲һ˿󵽵ģȻˮ֮ĴұСתħǾİϵǿǲڲҲ˵ǿһƿزõĻڵ޷ƵĻľ˲ȫջ٣ʱ޷ʰ
˵ĻƺҪѰһЩˣұǵð
Ҷ΢΢üͷ˵
ȻҲˣ֮ȷʵҪˣ
ӵϱΪ
֮ͨȻ޷ǻ֮໥ģӵĲҪ˵ȥԿˣ˵Ҫȥɻ֮Ƚ֮Ѱҵ㣡
ҶЦ˵
ʦǲ˷ˣ
΢΢ĵ˵ͷ
ħļһ֣бһЩǿҽеһЩΪо˳ȥһ£ԵĻѰһҲǺõġ
̫֮ˮѩɽ֮ϣѩɽΪλãÿǧʱŻγһΣһѩɽ¶ȵı仯ϵתƣ뵽ΪʺϵĵطѭĻҪѰҵĿ΢΢ǷˣȴҲշ
ˮһֿ¶صҺ壬ˮˮˣȻȥҺ壬ȴܵĺܣΪıȥиѵĽնϡǿµĺȴ㹻ס
̫飬ⲻѧϵؼܶ챦Ǻͱ໥ųĻеģ̫һɿµĺڲϵں֮γɵһӣĻһȵĻɽ֮䡣
Ԩ֮ˮҲӵУ㹻ӻˣʵҲûаܹ֤Կס֮Ŀ֮


ıΪص̫䣬γɵ̣⼴ָ״СȴҲ㹻Ĳ൱޴ԵıȽͲ˵ſںϷֽ˵൱ĺʡԨ֮ˮĻںɵ֮㹻߳ɰճɹ
߳ɰ
Ҷ̲סĵȻǶֲ⡣
Ǻǡ߳ɶ˵Ѿ൱õˣϵ˵Ǽİıħļڻûҵصļأ߳ɵİҲֻһҵĲ²ѣһлǵҪȥѰҵ䱦֮ſԶۡ
Ȼ˵ĻΪаյıǾıˡ
һıϢ֮Ҷ̲סüͷϾǺ䣬γɵ̲˵Һ̶ȸǿ£˵ʱҶ춼̲סüͷ
߳Ϲ֮Ҷüͷʼ΢΢˼ʦ˵ȻıģϾΪֲĻ֮еĿ³̶ȸĵġ
죬ڵҵˡ
ͷ󺹵˹Ҷ˵
ʱʵѾﵽʦĲΣܹһʦǿ߱Ƴ̶ʵҶһĨԤУɫȴδʵ
ôˣʲô𣿡
¿Ц˵
ǰе顣
˵ҶҲоǰ˵µдһ˿ҶϤζ
ǸСһֿʼ˰ɡ
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ǰСһͷ˱䣬ҳֺ˵ʵһձһǿˣΪӵĵҩʵѾ뵽ʿĲΣһЩǿӲֶ޷ʩչЩȶ˸Ŵһ㣬޷ְΪԵʣǻչŶԷˣӵеѶȰ
⻰֮ҶҲ̲סüͷĿʼλÿʼȥ̲ס˵
̫ˣȥĻһ޷Ը˵ãúĽѵһСһﲻɡ
̲סĿҶ뿪ıӰֹ
˵ĺʱ²ȥ֡
ǳԹĻҶȴ޿κΡ
ҵƮƣ¡
ûеȴҶ߹ȥֻһϷŰĴǱԵø
ŲȥֻһλѪɫȹŮͬһֻĺһ̤ŵ߳͵ľʼΧƲѡ
ŮҲʮĳ̶ȣһűϳͬ˵ʣҲòٵΧ¶Ľɫ
ƷУֲϵĴ߶ԷĽΪУȴ˵ļֶΪĺ
оԼľ֮ŮĶϲɵ¶һĨ֮ɫҲ̲סĲǶԷѾȫĽסˣʱȻһ
Ҫôƿȴк˵Էʵ޿κεĸо
֣
һͻȻ֣ĳ֣Χɫ΢΢һ䣬Ů¶˵ӺͲ̬


394 
оϤϢʼ鲼ȫСһ϶ʱĿʼɲϲѩ׵жǽߣۺĹâĸ֡
ǰѪҶ̲סüͷյʱ䣬СѾͷƺǱøȻ˵Сһûʲôа뷨ǶԷ޵ĽȴһֱıʵҶЩεúܡ
СһСһǣҶεĶһһԼϵѪ˵
ĺ֣
ѪغߺţȴøӺٲȻ·ߵ̬̬ҲѾĥƣĶֿЩ
ߣÿεĶӡ
СǿҵĴУʱѾѪ˵ĽʼҶһֱûߣѾҶ쵱ԼΨһ˵СʵĲˬĺܡ
ӣСҶ첻ɵɫһǿне˼֮ŵ˵
ľ֪һ֣Ҳ֪С
ԴССһƲۼдʱѾ˵ľӨ⡣
˺ˣ֪ŬģǼҵСһﶼѾһλʿǿˣԡ
СѾͷԲˬĿУҶǴöδǰɹҶİο֮СѾͷŻس˳ǣһȴ̬ٲȻѾһʤı飬ҶʵЩͷ۵ĺܡ
Сһ֮ҶȻĺܣϣСһܹŬȥӶԼʵڲʱȲĳɳӲſԲķһýǡ
Ҷ졭þûһˡ
СѾͷ̲סü˵ǲҲҶЦѣ
ʱȽæµУҪʦ𣡡
Ҷû˵
ߣͱҴ꣬ȴװһӣΪʲôÿζСѾͷѾСˡ
˵ѪͦԼ𽥷·һ京ŻٰС
Ǻǡ죬µĵ𣿡
ҶԺ˵ǲݸЦȻСһҲʮ⡣
ǵģʦСһȽϵĿʿϳˣȻ˵ڴҩŽһΪȴҲ㹻ֳԷǿᣡ
ʮʿҶ춼Ҫֲ䣬һ˵ȥĻҲܵǿǵģҲҶǻὫСһʵȵԷĳɳʱȥг쳣
Сһ
ԼͽӺ⡣
㽫Ϲڸ𣿡
ͻȻ˫Ŀ΢΢һݣ̲סʵ
ǵģôĹƺǡϹΪĺʣôʦѵ˵⹦˫Ŀ𣿡
ϹһѪɷѹ֣ѹְСһϵɱ˿ֲѹֿԱϹϿɣҪϸĵĵ̣Ժֻˡ˿ֲɱһɳĻԿƺͣеĺ൱صġ
˵ʱӵҲʼЩ
ϹһѪɷ𣿡
Ҷ˵ȴСһԴ˼ѣ϶˵
ʦİɣֻҪǲΥ֮£ɱҲһʽѣޱһѪȺɱ¾ôڣοطء
΢΢ĵ˵ͷ
߰ɡմȥһ£˵Ұﻵˡ
ҶĶСһ˵

ѪʱѾг˰̬ʾ˫˴ʱǺεȵĿġ
ҶѧԺѾ˺ܶʱˣҶȴٵĳȥҶѧԺҲ൱ϤҶȴѧԺй䣬ƶǴһĳУȻ֮
ΪƶлƽضεҶѧԺΧȻǲ˸̺;¥Ƚ
һ·СѾͷ൱ĸߣѪǺεȵĲ飬Ǵﵽĳ̶ȣֻһֻʮĺӡ
߳ҶѧԺ֮ΧĵҲ𽥵Ŀʼ
Ȼ٣ȴҲӵⳬ˰׿Ĵƽ̹ĺܣСѾͷдʱѾ˸ʳͺ⣬ȻջķᡣĸޱⲽÿһεȴֺĽһص㣬мԵ൱ȷ
ҶļǵĴһȦͻȻʱھһ¥ʱ򣬼ӰҶС
ˣһŮŮӾһ䱦һıػм䣬ϵǿƸѰ֮˿ġ
һʦʦƷΣԵֱʰ
üеħĲһ֮󣬶ԷĸҶԺС
ԭǵȻҶ첻ɵ΢΢üͷƿҶѧԺжмǸһ黨ȹӣɫĳʾһ̬ʿϳˡ
ʦҶ첢ںȴҶע⣬ԭ˵ϣмǸŮӴӱ䲻󣬵ߵӵľˣΪǴʦӿȥʮµĳ̶ȣλʦȴҲʮꡣ
֮·εȵĿֲиѪӲǽʱʿȥȽϵģĸ˵ͶᣬһӵһֲʵȻдڱֶ֧Է
ҶѾĿעӶԷܾˣ˵ʵҲ൱ǿᣬȻܿĸоҶעӣŤͷ˲䣬мŮҲŤס
Σʵ쳣
ѩ׵ļ촽һͷԴ԰׵ĳδʧԷ෴Եø¡
ڿҶ֮󣬶Էδ䣬ֻڿҶСһĹĵ̬֮΢΢̲סĻһζĻߣƺ뵽ʲôһ㣬΢΢ת㳯¥ȥ
Ҷ죬Ҷˣ
Сһ̲סҶĻŤѵ˵
ŸһʳҶʵЩȴǵͷ˵
߰ɣȥԵ㡣
Ȼһ·֮ҶҲоԼЩƣˡ
СѾͷǣҶƣС˹ȥ
ƶ¥
ƶ֮Ȼ¥ʱѾˡ
ںϷԻ̬𣿺ߣΪ߼ҩޣһ˿ȥģǾȻϷûģǲӦϷϷǲͬҩģߣ
ոյĽ뵽һȴɴ˲ˣֻһλѮһĶһλ׷ŮӴĽ
ŮӲǱǸղҶλŮӡ
λӵѾ¶˷ŭɫĶ㹻ĿΪŮӵֹȻ̼ȥͷ˺ɷġ

Ҷüͷ΢΢


395 ƶ
մʦȷʵҩˮ׼ҲǺǿ󣬵ЩȴܹΪҩʦԭ򣬲Ų㣬һεҩϵش󣬲ҲȥƷ档
дһĨ˿õļ֡
Ʒ
¶һĨɵɫǺܿȴм˵
ϷҪıǼıϷ˵û˿;
΢΢ʹһˮӯӯԵø
˵Ǿıأ
ʲô
Ҷ̲סĵ
ɺϣ
Ҳ̫ɺ˵㣡
ԼѰеľıڻû˿Ϣδ뵽ǣﾹȻᷢ־ıϢҶ˵ͬξһ㡣
ʲôıôܣôڣ
Ҷ쾪ȣ¶˾ޱȵɫʧĽ
ûʲôܣ˵ǼǳıѪ֮˲մȾģıǳղǧʱ䴫䱦֮һΪ̬ĻҲó
ı񰡣㹻ĶɱһеħڽʱֻҪָ״С߱㹻ı֤ϵƽ⣬ѾĵҩҪҩģǶϷ˵ƺǻȤ
ȻˣҲеһѣ˵֮⣬ǻ̸̸ġ
Ͽʼϵı任ı񰡣㹻ƳҩҩĻȥЩ߼ĵҩеĳɹʵģ˵ƭ˵ġ
뵽ǼҪԣʵĿʼЩ̲סıȽ
ʦ˵òĻҲ޿κˣǳĵ㣬еĶܹǲܹģҾԵĲΪһöҩǧµĻ͵ġ
ߡŲϷƷ
ƺܵĪһɫʱѿ
ƷǻŵùģõǼ䱦֮϶˲óȥңʱǳҵϺڣǿѵĻ⽻Ҳ޷ȥˡ
ߡǳǵҩǲҪˣ
ǳǵ֮Ҷжʱһ˵ļֵǿʼΪҲ𽥵ģļ䡣
Ҷ첻ʶǳҶ컹֪ģƶеңҡҡ׼ƶΪϵҡ
ǳǵǳΪˣÿһεļ֮⣬˸Ĳܵõԭǳǵʵ̫ľˡ
ѰĵҩǾҩݵĴ͸ں֮γɵģǳǵһҪҪϲҩĶһЩϡĽǽеĽ֮ʼ֮󣬼뵽ҩ֮ڼĴγǳǵ
ⵤҩñǸıǣƽӹ֮ڷǳǵ֮Ҳ㹻൱ǿãƾǿҩɾϵĳ̶ȡ
ҩȴֻǳƿأҪմȻǲʵġ
룬ҲǲܽгģǳΪܣҪ˵ˣҲܵõ
֮Ҳûʲô̸ˣϷţƶлҲϷǿҩʦˣ
Ц˵漴ĳ˦оҪ뿪
УЩ棬㻹ΪԼ˲ˣС㴦㣬ϼһ㲻ҪΪԼͿ޷ˣƶбǿҩ޶ȥˣǲ׺һδʦǶ뵽ˣΪǲ׺һλǿ󲻳ɣ
ʲô
ɫʱһ䣬ȻǶ׺һε൱ȡ
ܵģ׺һôܻӦЩģ
㲻Ӧѵ˵Ҳһ޶
ƴ󣡡
ĶǸղ˵Ӻȵ
˵֮Ǹ˵
մʦĵҪģǿʵ̸ˣȻ˵Ļˡ
˵ⳤҪ
ţ
Ȼ˵
Ļ֮󣬼ǳܺãڱԷһδε֮󣬻Щü
մʦ㻹ʲô𣿡
Ȼǲ׺һζѾӦˣϷȻҲ˼ǰŪҲ׺һδжңһϷͬȥ
лմʦ
һȣǺܿıм
أ׺һ˼ҳֵĻϷ㱾ҲǰŪѣϷǰȥΪܾδ˼ҵķˣһҲҪȥݼһ¶ѣǰϷҲǴСֵʸѡ
մʦڵǫˣһεҩҪڶ࣬ҼҪϤҩʦ˹ȥմʦݣôֻǴء
Ľ֮󣬶ⳤ˵ʵһ飬˵Ҳ
ҡı񣡡
Ҷ̲סֹ
֮ҪıǾıõıĻԺҲһ֤
ǲ׺һδѾȥݻһ˼ҡ
ĵ˵ͷ˵
ǵģһβ׺һδΪһԼĵӣƶԱ˹ȥ
ܹΪ׺һδ˵ĵӣǺεҵ鰡
Ѿ¶Ľ֮ɫ
ҶôˣѲǿǸŮ˲ɣСȥ߰׽ȥ
СԵˬ˵
Ǻǡķɡ
ҶûĽһ鿾СһЦ˵

ѪС챻һȻǶסˣ̲סķص
һ֮ǳҲһ̸Ц֮ѡ뿪
ڸ㶨˰
ǰ΢΢¶һĨƤͳı顣
ϼһҲ̫Ը㶨ˡ
ߵλղ˵̲ס¶һĨεɫ˵
㰡ղΪǲ׺һεһָ˵ʲôأΪ״˵ĻǸ㲻
ҵ𣿲֪ǻȱҩ𣿡
һǳ˳
ǳߵ̲ס¶˽䱸ɫ
ת
΢΢ĶǴ֮
ֻһλɫȻһŵЦĶ
˭ô֪ģ
ٴε˵ϵĽ䱸֮ɫԵЩŨ
㰡ղżġ
ǰҶ죬Ц˵
ǡ
֪ΪʲôҪѡ뵽أòҲʶɡ
ɲΪѡ⣬˵ʱһĨļɵ
ǺǡıѣǼƷȱ١


396 
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ϱýģȴԵ൱ࡣ
ǵģı񣡡
ҶϱҲ൱࣬ϾǹϵԼǺ֮⣬Ȼܹˡ
˵ľıȷʵ𣿡
Ҷٴεʵ
ߣľȻ˵ԼƵҩССͻʵΪ񡣡
޿ʼ˵ˣһܹҶ쵹ûжУϾάԼˣһ޿ɺǣÿε˵Ҫôһ䣬ҶʵЩˬĺܡ
ں˵ʲô죡
ҶɫЩĶλޡ
쵰
ƴ󣡡
Լ˾Ҫ쭣ʱһ漴Ľ߳һ
С㣬ҩǺεȸ߹Ĵڣǲ׺һδ˵ĵҲڶʮʱﵽڵĲΣ׺һδ׿ΪһλϸҩޣСѵ˵һλ׺һθǿʦ𲻳ɣ
ǺǣЦЦ½εȵľ޴ѵ˵㻹ΪԼȫ֪ɣ֪½оŶٵǿЩĬĬŵע֮ʶʵǳĺܣΪǳӦǺǿļ壬ҵЩɨˣһССˣΪﵽʦĳ̶ȱжһԼ˵ˣǺҵǺ֪νĳǲȫⰡ
쵰
ƴ󣡡
ҲʼϾΪԼǺ£һȨԽ̫ĻȴҲϲġ
ƺǿ˳仯֮ƴжʱһæ˵
С㣬⡭ǵˡ
ضԣɷִ硣
仰֮Ҷȴƴ˫Ŀпһ˿ԹĹâڲϵ˸
һЦ֮Ҷһﵹ˲СĺЦо
һﾹȻǿԼˣҰĲС
Ȼ֪ⳤǷоˣҶȴǸо൱ƴ俴ȥʮĳ̶ȣǳʮѣյһλɫŮΪԼˣĿҲǺܴġ
¼ȻҩޣҳȻǻӭģһεҩͬСɣҪõǾıĻ»ҪһŬġ
ǺǡӦòʧġ
Ǻðɣɡ
Ȼ˵ҶɣǳҲ֪½ʵǴó棬Ȼ˵ĻҲǲȱģȻ˵ҶҩҲ٣ȴҲǾԡ
뷨ӦҶҪ
ˣ
ȻȥСһȻѧԺУһЩҪҪȥȵ֮ȥѰǡ
ҶŸ˵
ǣˡ
СһＫȲˬĶҶ죬һĴ۾·Ǵ׵һ˸ǹŹֵ˼µĹâ׼Ҷ죬̬ӻѵľһ׽ڴĴ׹һ㡣
ߡ
ݺݵغһ֮Сߺߵ˳ȥ
úõչ
ҶЦ˵
һˣСĵ㡣
߰ɣ
ֽϵһƳ۵һߣַ˲ıŨ
ǿŮҶջ¶̲סΪ֮ĿӲҪ˵ƴˣת̬ʱƴ˶Ϊ֮


Ҷļ룬ڼΪƶΪǿҩ޵δ¶ٵ쳣ڽҶʱҶǴӶԷпһĨмɫ
ߣèҲܳΪҩ޵ĻҩͳΪ˴·α˵ȱˡ
˼൱ˣϾȷʵʸȥѵˡ
Ǻǡôɰ
ӵΪЦ˵
ҶΪĵӣΪ˽Էģϵҩˮƽȷʵһ񣬵ϹŻʱڣҩǺεȵǿӴǧصʱ䣬ԺµĸҩŶ൱ģֶһҩʽܶط޷ģҶ̳ĴУȻҲǲġ
ȴһӡ˵ķ̣ΪҶסĻһƵ͸׳ˡ
ϹŻĵҩЩСԱģ쵰ȻСﻪĵҩ쵰
ӺĶŭȻʱѾ̼Ĳˡ
ʦαضŭһֻʨҪںϵ𣿶ҩһǱȽĵģ˵ȵһʶһһĵҩǺεȿֲġ
Ҷ찲ο˵
ˣˣȻᱻСŭˣȻлδﵽ۷尡
΢΢ĴϢ˼֮ε˵ҲֻҶŻӵܣϾİĻУҶ컹ӶһֱμԼԭԴ֮ϹŻģҲֻĸǵѪƵĵط
ӲԼ˻ĵĴڣ˵ֱǲˡ
λƶһȽصɽУ˵صľ벻Զ˼һյʱ֮ϵ
ңңڿɽȵ˲䣬ҶҲɵ¶һĨȵɫȻ˵ɽȵĳ̶ϲҶѧԺǾӿȥȴҲͬһȻһ㡣
ֲ̬ƴһֹӵϢ
ɽȵΧֻƣϸϸĿȥȴ·̲ޱߵѹС
ܵȻһصѹ΢©ĸ㲨ȴҶĸоֿµķâ
ǵھϹʱڴµļѧ󷨣Ϊâһܵڲ֮˿ƵĻڶʱ֮ڱ㽫Ŀס̼㹻һǿ޻ΪУǿ֮˵ʵﵽ˴ʦĳ̶ȣ㹻סһĵزȻ޷ɱٿԵֿ
¶ɫ˵ɫȥ·Ǳ˵ӣδ˸˴̬߰Խע⡣
ص󷨡
ʱٴ̲ס˵
ӱǸܹ֮߰Ϊ֮֮̾٣Ȼ󷨵Ŀ³̶ʵĵһ൱ǿĵزˡ
ѹǳҾȻǧδıԽǿ󣬿֮Ȼ޷ġ
һ㽾ҲڿɽȵĲ֮ʼʧˣеǾ壬Լؼɵ
ˣⲻǽǰ֮ѡ
ǫ˵
ܺãɹ㲻̬ǼıȥĻһӵǿġ
˵ѾĽ˹Уڽеһ˲䣬һµ֮ʼҶɨҶɫ΢΢һ
ôô֮Ǻڰ֮⣬δκεĵطо֮֮ѵ˵ⳤҲ֮õķţ
Ҷ찵Ե˵


397 ޿̣̣
߰ɣλҩ޶ڴеȺȥɡ
˵һֱҶ̬ϣδжٵĹҶʵ˺ʵͿ¡
㲻̲Ҷ쵹ûκεı仯Щòȡ֮Ҷδϵģһжʵ˵ʤĶЩ֮
ߣ
̬ǽȻͬǹ̬ʵ˺ѽܡ
΢΢ƲƲͣҶаԵ˵
ǽ׶ѣҪıǵõҩȻ˵Ļ̬ʵãԺҲҪȥʲôˡ
뷨ΪԷɵġ
λվڴػĻ˵ͷ֮󣬳Ҷ˹ȥ
ѵ˵߱մʦ𣿡
ӦñˣȹȻƶΪǿҩް
˵ǸС˭ȻҲʸ뵽ѵ˵ǶСġ
ž
һλæĸ˵һݺݵر̲ס˵
㲻𣿶Сҿ۵ģ⻰˶СĶУǶҪ㵹ù
ԶԶԡʧˡ


ƿ˴˲䣬ʱǰϵĲʼøǿǵҶķ֣Լо֮ȻǴǴ˵ϴݳġ
ƿ˴ŵ˲䣬˵̬ҲӡҶԺС
˶һƵձϣһƤëӨ˸ȻëƤһĲϿġ
˴Լжʮλÿһλ䶼ǳĲϣҲһӵĳ̶ˣҶ뵽˴˲䣬󲿷ֵҲĳǿ˹ȥڿ֮󣬲¶˾ȵɫȻϳݣֻڿҶ֮ǶԷԴ۵ôҷ׷׵Ŀʼ²
ʦˡ
һλ뷢׵Ц˵ΪĴһĨ
ŴʦþδձģŲ׺һδҲǹˡ
¶һĨ֮ɫ˵
ǰҲˣ׺һδʦƵҩټĺܣ˵ÿԴһεҩѧַܶ
λǡ
˵ĴٴοҶ졣
΢΢ĿһҶ죬ʱȻƺǶ˵Ĺ۲Ե൱ƿȼҲ̲סЩ̾ȴ˵
λҲǳҩޡ
ʲô
ڳ޲¶˾㵵ɫʧ
ҩ޺޲һȻҲѧϵϰĻҩְҵҪıʱ䣬ֻгʱȥ֮ſ𲽵ĳɳҶ俴ȥҲʮ߰ĳ̶ȣȴԳһλҩޣⲻڴǵ
֣Щ˱ҩôܹӶ㲻ϵСһϷҩʱ»δأС֮ˣǸ߰Դĺܰ
еһλҩ̲סĴӵ۵˵
Ҳȫû뵽Щҩ޵ķӦĿֲ˵΢΢¶һĨɬ֮Լ͡
˵ȴûҶ֮Բȥ˵ҪЩ˲һȺں֮ڰˣҶĻһȥ磬ԵĲʲôõġ
ԵЩ˵Ϊǿһλҩޣ̬Ҳ˵ķӦ
˵ô㳳֣ãʲôѵ˵ҪһЩĿСټЩҩ޶ҩʦеǰǱǿ󣬶һӵӴҩֶκ;飬㿴ѵ˵Ͳ»˸״˵𣿡
һмŽӽڿ̱ĻͻȻĴֻһλŻۣϱޱȣǳмֽӽ껺ؽ˴С
Ҷüͷ΢΢ΪıԵʣҶҲҪŰ񣬸ӵĲҪһȺ֪С˵̡
ҵרĻƺ̫˰ɣҪ֪ϵʤѵ˵Ŀ϶ҩ޵ͱδҲ̫ġ
̲סü˵
ߵ˼Լ˿ʼЩŭˣæ˵
үСҲΪ˼룬̫ż˶ѡ
ĸҪˣʸ𣿡
һİ漴ĶҶЦֹ˵
СӣҲʲôģҳ̫岻ɵӣҪɻĻȴҴ˵طǳƶٹΪңʲô˶ƭģڸᣬϵĹĻƭ˵ĻǾͲҪԲ˶ߣ
һҶڵɫ仯ȻѾӵ˾ıϢҲϷǵ;õˣӿʼΪֹһֱҪñģǵʹñˡ
ĵһĨЦҶ˫ĿȻļ˵⣬ϵƺȻй¶޷ԶһĨԽԽǿ
ٵҩѾʼ¶Ц֮ɫֻȴ仯Ҷ죬ڵĸоǰԭȥֻǴһĨƺǿʼһֻµ˯һ㣬ڵԼۡ
ɹ⻪޷ڸǵķâҲڲϵ
𣿺Ǻǡͦõģ
Ҷﵭ˵
ȻѾעⲻҪˣҶȻҲҪڴ
ô˵أƶҵġ緶Ҷĳڴܽˡ
緶˵൱أЦ̬ͲмǴү̫̲ס¶һĨɱ
СӣǴүˣ㻹ʲô
һλˣҶ첻֮ˣοǶԷһδεƣҶŭʼ˳ɫɷ΢΢˸źĶһﻺ˵
˾ˣεĶˣкܶˣеķ룬еһֻһֻ֪Ĺ
˵ɫڱ仯̲סķ˷Ľ
Сӣ㾹Ȼǹ
Ҷ첻м˵
ҿûǹ
ڿԷɫԻ˵
𹷶磡


УʦʵȻĴ߶һڰĿʼȼղѣǻδȵԷľϮһƵıȴһĨƺߴ˳
ֻ˵·Ƕߵķһ㿪ʼɿĳʮ׿ȥصˤ˵ϡ
һУ
һλʦǿߣ
Ǻεȵʵ
ǴʦҲ˵ķƵɵģ
ڳ֮ɫı仯


398 ˣ
ֲľȻ£ҶȴδɱԷ
㾹Ȼҡ֣Сӣ˰ˣ£
Ȼ֪ļһ̫ҲϲǴ򹷻ÿˣںͳҵĵϣҶľٶݺݵĳǳҵ棡
ʲô˵
һصĺͻȻĴӴڵд˳
ĳҶ΢΢˸һ֮ɫ

ɽ
ƻѹоȻٵı˵Ĳ㲨ͬǴһ㣬ȻµǺʵȴڲ֪ıѹ
µƱ仯Ҳڳļλǿҩǿʼ¶˾֮ɫ
֮ǳԼ̫ȴĿ˸

飡
ȻըһŲ֮ҶоȻðһĨѹ֣ϢĵѹֵĸоȴѸٵʧ
ʮһ޵Ϣʼ˸Ϊ׵ϢΪֲʮһϢҶǸо˾ŵ֮Ĳ
þ֮Ȼǿ󣬵ȴıղоĸ
һ˳Ҷǰ
Ϊ֮һɫĹӳۣɫݻƣԼԿõһĵɫĹâڲϵ˸
ͫ׳֮ɫһͷԴ΢ĺɫ߶пʼϵƮлĪչƺΪþλ֮ģǲ֪ı˲
Ȼ߶ȲͯӰСһϻȴ޷СڶԷ
һλݺ󣬵ȴ뷢׵ЦţƮȻ̬ˣȻļҲƲ˺ǽӵǰƺ޷Ƚϡ
ʵӦñǳҵļˡ
Ҷ찵ԵĲ²ڿģӺͳƵ̬֮ȻȻı뷨
΢΢Ŀһڱ˹עʼε֮ӵ˫Ŀ΢΢ת̲֮סüͷ
̫壬ô£ҪдҩΪʲô
ԵϢСϱ˳ѹǳ̫ɫǲϲ
ҡҡ
ߣĶ˵˵ηηҳô㲻Ķӡ
Ϊɵ̲סüͷ
ĻҲҶ϶Լжϡ
˵
ɵŻĶųʵ
һҶһۣҧй̺ϾһֵΣΪԽҶĻҲᷢ飬ϸ˵Ļǳˣŵ¶Ҷȥ˳˼гüѾԽԽ
ҪΪˣСӡ
ͻȻһĽһഫ˳˵Ƿʳ˵ҩĻָЩԪλޡ
ϻ˵ô£
ߵߣɵɫԽѿλߵ̬˵ѿԷΪĸ߹ҲˣڷѿҲŭӵʢ
СӳԲѷ˵СҪɽȣδ뵽˵գֽС˸ˣΪ͵ϮСεܹĶˣΪС
ϻ佫ҶλΪȫμϣԼȴ˿ûκεΣǰҶһһ
Χҩ̲סüͷȻ˵ҶһСڲٵǰһ֪СǸΪϻȴӵ޳ܣȥʵǿ𣬲ʱȴѡҶģΪڿҶʱҲĺŲˬ
ߡСӣĵӲС
˶ԷĻ֮󣬼ϻٳɷֺܶ࣬⵱֮˽Լ˸̶ȣʵεĲȥŭ
ҵĵһֱܴ󣬹Ϊƶ֮һһΪⳤӦڴǧ֮൱ϽڿĻƺǺһСûʲôϻڴ¶ˡ
ҳҵƺǻֲһ̣ܽС򹷻ҪˣοĻˣ
˵ⳤɱˡ
Ҷˣ
ͻȻʱһ˾ϲ˳ֻ֮һλɫɿĴߵı˳
ԭһĵȻ֮ɫԼλҩǳɫ΢΢һ䣬ǳȻû뵽Ҷ쾹Ȼʶ
ǰ꣬Ҷɫ΢΢һ漴Ц˵
㰡ޣû뵽ˡ
λ겻ǱҶ֮Ŀ̹֮ӿޣȻһңԴ֮ȴҲδֻδ뵽￴ޡ
ǰĺǴӵȻ뵽˹еԸδÿ˿ĸı䡣
þòҶˣ
Ҷ֮⿨޻˾Ҳ¶˿ĵЦݡ
ǰþδˣ㸸׻𣿡
޷ɿĵ˵ͷ
״˺ܺãҾ߶ˣΪ˵ĳ֣ҿء
ȿȿȡ
һ൱ˬĿͻȻĴ˳ԵǸһĺ֮ɫߣʱڶҶǿޣ̬Ȼһںܲˬӡ
ڷӦĿŷӦ˹Ҷܵ
ʦ֮нʶĶˣҶҶˣΪҶ˳֣һˣҶˣҵʦʦʦš
̲סݺݵصһۿޣĿȴ൱Ĺذ漴û˵
ԼʦŶǲסϷ򵱳ôء
˵ҶЦ˵
Ϸ׺һΣСֵܱҶ찡СӾϷǰ㣬˵ʵǿ󣬽һȻͬ찡
׺һĸҶȻڿʼʱѾ²⵽˶Էݣ˶Է̲֮ס¶һĨȣһĨȺ̶ܴȴΪȻǿ޵ʦ
ǰˣҲżѣ·˭϶ֵģǿᱲɱ֮
˵ĺãǿᱲɱ֮˱Ե
׺һЦ˵
Ǵ˿̵ĳȴ׵ɵۣտǲ׺һƵҩģڿҶܵ׺һεͣӵĻҪ˵Ƕ֣ŭ߳ˡ
Ҷôìܰǲʲôᰡ
̲סʵ
ūǸô򰡣ϵˣΪԷһƣ˿Ҳֵġ
ǣϷ͸оⳤҵĳЩǸùܽһˣ˵ٵ˱ǼҪţȥĻ֪һܷܲȥ
ˣֻҩģα˵ôء


޵Ѿٴε˲̬ϵı仯һһλǿҩ޵йϵˣֵȥùϵġ
ſ޵һ֮󣬶ʱĲٵ˿ʼ׷׵ĸıԼĻ桭
ǳɵɫƺǿʼԽѿ


399 
ĶūȷͱˣϷǿǳϣͳֽѵˣȴδ뵽ԷȻߵǷǣ޳ܰ޳ܡ
ǰ˶ūһֱĻʵǿΣֱǳȥĻεܹⳤĨڡ


˵ʱǳɡԼ̫ɫʼøѿ
˫Ŀ΢΢ĿѾŵû޷ŵϻʱǲ׺һεﵭ˵
֮ȷʵһŶ
һǳվû˿ϧȵ
ˣ˶ūϳҳңӴ֮󣬴ҳϵ

һȻĴϻ﷢˳Ϲ޷ŵɫѾʤȯգڳ˶վԼߵģת֮ȴ̬εܹܣӵĲҪ˵ĽǱϳǳҡ
ճҵĹ֮ϵΪᱻȫķϳһѾﵽʦε˵εܹס
״ˡ
ϾԼ£ǳ̲ס¶˲֮ɫϾȻʵǿ󣬵ȴҲ㲻ΪǿģһʦǿκεļжǶǿߣǳӵǳǵһλʦȴҲѺܴģ˵ϳϳЩܲˡ
С㣬ңҰ
ϻﲻɵĴ
ߣΪҳҲ׹٣Ϊʱı߰ɡ
ɵϴʱѾûء
ߣ
ǳĻɴĺȵ
ŵ
ʮٵĽѾ޷֮ɫϻѸٵȥźһԹ֮ɫ˵Ҷ΢΢Цһ󣬶νĳʵû˿øС
ΪԼǿԽԼʧȻ˵üжǺǶҶ˵ȴεĶ޷ܵġ
ԼҶУԼǲܱвȺġ
ϻһԹ֮ɫҲȴδ¶˿쳣һĲȴѸٵļ˳ȥ
һԹ֮ɫϻȻһĶ£˫Ŀеľ֮ɫҲʧ
һȴüأֻǲ׺һεԵĶһ£δ˵ֻĿҶһۡ
ԷĿȻҲûбҶ©Щҩ侫֮ȻδȴҲѾЩƿˣǾ֮ȻҲ˸ղҶĶѾ΢˽⵽ˡ
Ϊһλḻߣ׺һȻ֪Լ϶Ĳܹȥġ
Ҷ˵İļһǲʲôɱģκϻ뿪ʱһԹԼĺҶ첻òȥֶΡ
ħļʹвϵӰһЩϰߣնݲ紵ѪĽѵ;顣
ҶֵܵȷϷܽ޷ҶֵǧĲҪϡ
ɵ¶Ǹ֮ɫղŻһɱ̬ת֮ȴѾıˣ仯ȴԷ˳ĸı˿ûκεͻأС
ҶȻЦֹȴδ˿쳣ֻǶȥСĳаԵļС
ɷ죬˵ףȴǺܹõģǶԷˣ൱ãȻһ˿ġ
ȻʹһλūƶȥֹϷλҩ޵棬ϷʧǶūҲҪȥ˼һˣȵ鴦֮˾͸ȥ˼úķʡȥûҵķԸ׼̤˼ð벽
ǡ
ȻȵĲǳͳ̫ȴֻܹѡ˽ܣʱǽһڰ˵֪ҶͲ׺һεĵǣϵĻǾǵٴȴҲ˵ġκȴûкҩ
ⳤɲһλ켣ƶǳƿƲڴδµĿ¼һ
ܿĿ£ΧѾǲ֪Ŀʼ˱仯
λǰʵѵãĳҲδ뵽λ˵ĸӣܹ뵽λǰڴȸмλˡ
ɳ˵
ǽղ׺һܹҳʵҲΪ֮ѣΪ½жħֳ֮ƺĲ׺һǰĽѾõĴڣ˼ϲõҲΪ֮ϲĺܡ
ǺǡȲҪ˵ˣ˵˵ǰĿʲôɣǰϷúܿడϷ׷ѰĴȴδнء
׺һЦ˵
ǺǡɿҪһεʵǹȵĿЩҲǺй˳ȥλǰ֮ΧķѾﵽ˼̳мλ֮ΪֲһΡ
˵ⳤ΢΢һһɼĴ֮󣬶ʱһӴϢȻĴпʼ
Լһıɫ·ʵһ㣬۵ĵâϵػУƺǻŴڲϵ
Ҷ΢΢˫Ŀüĵħ۲ϵض
һ޴ıɫ㹻ƺǻ̲Ĵ֣ϸϸĿȥᷢЩֱ·ƬһĿʼ˸ҲδĴ֣һɫߡ
߶ѾԼð˵
߻ڲϵزУЩȴľ̬Щ߻Ǵ̬ȴϣȻǻڽĳͻơ
ƽڽڵ·һɿֲѹһ㣬Щҩ޴󲿷ֵҩˮƽȻǿ󣬵ΪȴһЩųƲϵıǣڵĿʼ˵ɫò԰
ȴѵҶӣҪ˵һССһǿǰҲɵĺע⡣
ҶΪĵȴǶԷ۳Ŀ»ӰǷطĳΣȻⳤҲһţδﵽĳ̶ȱһ˿δյط෨š
ߣ˰ɣѵ˵Ҫѹȥ𣿡
δ˵̲סüͷȵ
ŷԼʼùһǸĶ˵
λⲢҪȥȫΪҪλһɵȱ֮
˵һ־ȵһҶ죺
ҶֵƺǷϷڵĲ֮˰ɡ
Ҷ΢΢ĵ˵ͷε˵
һЩ⡭
ʲôһĿĳ
ûзְ
ѵ˵Ǹӵǿ󲻳ɣ
Ҷ΢΢Ŀ˵ˡ


400 
ͽεȴӦǽ뵽һƿУһƿƿһɳ죬ΪƲվǳн۶ѣ
ȻѾ²⵽ҶƺǷʲôǵ˶Է֮ǳɵȴҲ̲ס¶˾㵵ɫ
ҶֵܵǶ߻ۣϷѾһӣȴܹҶֵǵһ˵ġ
˵֮¶˿Цɫ˵
ϷǼҴĹҫһ൱µĹŹǧʱУҳȴ֮δλ㹦֮Ϸǵ⹦ˡ
ҫϷҲŹĴ󣬳ɹ֮ڶԵеʱԷһǿǴ˵е
׺һ̲ס˵
ʦˣ⡶ҫȻǿޱȣȴûµĳ̶ȣΪĳ̶֮ȷʵǲСġ
˵֮ҶȴЩ
Ȼ˵ĻΪʲôǼȴٵأ
˵֮ٴεĿһǳͳ̫壬˵ƺ
⹦Ѱ˿ģһ棬һ⹦ǿƵģҫΪŴΣھŲ㶥֮㹻ķӳĲΣҲ˵⡶ҫҲֻܹɾ
Ѿ۷ĳ̶ˣѵ˵ʲô𣿡
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ϸϸĿȥĻԵĿԿõεľУֻһͽζϵĴڡ
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ϷͿˣ˰׼һ䰲ͥԺ
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ߡҵɣ˵ĻҲӦ㻹ЩѶȣ⾫УҲߣ
󱯷ߵУҶֱѾʼԽͨ徧Ө̬·ǽֱۻ˰䡭


405 ؼ
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˵ⳤҲһվĳнӹһеݸҶЦ
СŮ֪ҶֵҪıϷѾı˽УڽҶֵˣֻıȻĺܣǶ˵ƺ;ϷΪ氡
ҶЦЦȴδ𣬳ҲһλԴ֮ȻĿԷԸ͸©еĶЦǺǵĽҹһ⣬ٴε˼֮Ҷ뿪ˡ
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ϵɨĿʼɨʱҶѾİؼҵϡ
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406 ǰ
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407 ɻ֮
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ħݺأң䡢ʱ䡢ռ䣬ƾ꣬ԲΨһ
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һ֮ϵҶɢ˳ۿɼУһ˺۴ʱѾԭ̬һƤѪҺҲвϵĵ
ԭӵĹѩ׵ļʱչ˳ͬƼһ˿УҶȴԴ˿ûвʱѾ֮С
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ħļεȵĿֲʱȴҲǿеļ䲻δ˵Ҷǻһĸо
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412 
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΢Ľ˶ѣǶԷʵǿ󣬱ߺߣһһﰡȻ΢ЩԷڵĳ̶ӦǸոյͻƣȴҲҪǿ˲ٵġ
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ߺߣǵǸΣҶѧԺҲʲô˶ǰģڰ׶ϣ̵ҶӣԸȥ׼ԪħڣߣҪҶѧԺ棬Ǿġ
ǾԪħ֣һԵ̲֮סĴһ£ǲ˵
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ǺǡҶӰô°ΪǼĻӦÿԳɾϵƿصλɡ
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ġ췣ڽоȻ췣θһġ
֮ȻӶԼ˫֣漴ҶѧԺҶʼѸٵתע˵ӻöҩԼȻ˵Ļⵤҩǿп޵ģڿνǿϮˣһõĻܻܿʧܵģȻҪСĵĺá
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413 
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ڸǵĿ־岻ϵﴫ޵ĳ֮֮ɫʱһ䡣
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У˰ҵĿռ䡣
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ɫһţĿھУһҫĹâٵɣΧռĴѿʱޱߵѹ漴ɡ

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ԪħڰܺõǿƻǿԵֻһûɵûĵúķѲٵ
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ҶѧԺҹŵͻˣһˡҵҪؽҪںεأǲΧ
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414 һ
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˿δҡķֺ֮ԼװǳŶԷ΢΢ʧ˲䣬ѸٵĿʼߡ
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һλǿڲСĵĽӴɺԵ˲䣬ϾȻͬһ㣬ϴŶδ֪Ŀ־޷ŵɫ

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ˮ֮֮չ黹ǱںһǾһ£Ŀưɣ
˵˫Ŀвһ˿Сһ̬ȣȻ˵ǰСɱǵ˶Է֮ε͵л̲סĲһ˿Ĳ


415 ս
ԼȻһСסˣݺ½ԿȻ˵оϿܹ֮Ϊţеĸ߰ǳѰ֮˵ġ
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СĺܣʵǱҪ̾һţϷȴҪ㣬֮˽ձǼˣΪ֪Һڰ˵³εġ
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ײе˸һ˿ŭ⣬һӵŻɣ˱ǵĴԽ˵ԷȷʵЩ
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죡
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ɷȻĳѰĿֱֲӳ˷˹ȥ

֮аЦݱŨ֮ǿΧλȻʼЩ޷ƿ

ǧһǿа̬ݺݵŤת
ǧĿģ
װҲɷطѰӿ֡
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ҶǹŵڿѾʮǣ
Էıһѩ׵Ҷٶ˿δѷɫȻҲһߵȼ͵ķ𣬶µĵűҶ̬
еȭѩɫȨȸǷƿ֮಻Ƕһ㣬ÿζҶĿյʼ֡
ȻеȨȿȥûκεǣıжûУǴﵽǵ̶ȣνķɻժҶֻͲʲôˣһ㹻һλ޺ĳҲ㹻ĳΪɱ˵
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418 
Ҷ졭㾹ȻһжͽͶѡĻԷŹʬ壬ûҪİЩ
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ϰ׹˸漴·Ǳɫסһ㣬ֵȼٴεıѪУ͵ȴû˿ʹ࣬ķ֮ɫΧĹͷǳʹУȻһпʼ
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419 
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˵仰ĳ˰ٲ֮ˡ
ӣĿһҶ죬ŶԷǰȻ̬̲סĳˣˣһӵˡ
ǿаסС̲סĵһ˫ѾԿ޵ĺ׵ĻӶֱۣ
ߺߡֳͷˣҶ죬쵰
ˮϲĿˮ
û˵Ѿ𽥵Ŀʼͳһ޶ȴѾ㹻ޱϲһ˿Ⱥ˷ˡ˷ȴ΢ĴһĨص⣬ڿѪС˷֮ܵһĨâȴѸʧµֻ
Ҷ¶޷źͿЦɫղŵһбΪΣյʱڻ۶ˣеȴֻʣ˲һɣ˵ԷĻɾˣҶȴҲңԼһ֮ǿ㹻ͨǿߣõıȽϺãһõĲв㹻Լ͵ʴס
˿˿ʼǸɺԵľǲ԰׵ɫʼúҶĿ⿪ʼ˺ڰʣˡ
õһսҶѧԺʧĸֺε֮࣬ЩȴΪЩϮɵģ
йȻĻӶһλڰ˵ǿ߾һǹȡ
񣡡
װüͷȻ𣬼æס˵
Щ˻
ԺΪʲôЩ쵰๼ǧٴζϧΪʲôɱǣҪΪȥĶӱֻӲܹھȪ֮µ԰
ߺߣʱǲɱǣǻҪЩ˵֪ڰ˵飬̰ɡ
˪Ц
䡭
еĹȺݺݵڵײһǡ
ߣҪƾżҪ֪Һڰ˵飬
ͻȻһߴӸղǸҪĺڰ˳Ա˳˵˫ĿʱѾɫһƬͫ׶ȫʧˡ
˭
û뵽ǰһﾹȻƴ䣬ɵ˵ɫ΢΢һ䣬߶з׷׵Ľ䱸ѡ
ûлش𣬵˫Ŀȴ쿴ȥҶͶԷݺݵײһ
Сǿ󣬵ǵҺڰ˵ˣֻһʵǶԽĸȤˣСС֮Ȼ̶ܹȣѹЩ׳ǾȻУڱʵһֻϣǱڱչУ̼ıỮȡʵŰɣܿ챾ʱѰǵġ
ס
һ˿ԤͻȻװ̲סͫ׼ǴĽ
˵֮ȴҲѾ˹ȥ
ǸͼĴϣȴҲЩССԶԿģʹ
ۻӶУһ˲ɫĻ쳣֮Ȼʮǵ̼ĵȼЩڴϢеĺڰ˳ԱϣĲҽУЩ˵徹ȻںĻ˻ҽ
ߣʼǿߵʵӲĻʲô°ɡ
֮˱ǿлɵ˲䣬һϵش˳漴һֻصĽɫֱͻȻĴݺݵسŶԷѹȥ
ǿ𣿴õóֵҲˣؽڱʵǷֻ˰ˣǱҶ죬ܺãܺð˵ǴҲڵʱ̫Щ
ؽĴ
Ҵʱ¾ĴȴҲЩֻڰ˿ȥģһ˿ȴҲ㹻һʱˡ
˵ǿֲľ޴Ʒɢ˿ֲļµϢҿٵİס˶Է壬ָеɫٵת
Сң
ʱλصļһڿʼ
ߣңȻѾ˺ˣǻʲôǱģֻҪе㹻ñʵ޴ĸı䣬ҳɡ

ĲҽӵǷ·ͬҰ޵˻дޱʹϢ̲סüͷȻһ൱ǿҵʹࡣ
¶˷Ц⣬ںڰʹȻ֡
ǼʱѣһȭͷСĹٵıǾ޴Ƹںһʧ˰С
СӣܲٶҪ˰س̶ȣСʵʰ
ٴεɽԶȻؽδԵĵ
ǰϼһﾹȻˣ
֮¶޷źͲɫȻǶڲؽ㲻εΪʾ൱ǿҵı
ߣСӣ㻹ϷĵӣȻһʮ֮꣬ڶһص۶УҪ˵
Ȼ˵δؽˣҶԷԼľ¸ĳ̶ȣֶܹڰصķΧпԼؽʵѾԲԲĳԼʱĵزˡ
ǵ͵ʵؽʵֱɲ⣡
ҶٴεķԼĲ㣬Ȼ˵뷨֪ĻԵĻ˱ӵĺܡ

Ҷݺݵ³һڳϵƣ֮ɫԱԼڤ䣬һȨԼһƬﾲš
Ƭǵʣµһ֮Ҷ˳ģȨ͵ײоȻ˿δҶ֪϶ǷƷԼѩǹġ
뵽ԼѩǹȻڸԼ˳ʱȴ˵ĶϳأʵΪ˸С
֪ܻܲ޸Ŀܣ
ˣڰ˵һսҶѧԺʤȻʧСԱ֮ǰװ඼۷֮Ȼס˴󲿷ֵĽ
Ҷȴһս׵Ĵ죬½
Ҷ죡



420 ӣ֮
ȻްʱҹſǴĺ׬һʰÿҹŵҩ˿νǶʤҼҲﹺ򡣡
׵Ϊ˵ֵ࣬ҹŵʵҲǿҶ˵ܹѧԺжһıѻܶģһ˵൱Ҫá
𣿡
ܹһεľһҶҲȻ൱ĿģǴڵƲȬˣΪǿһ־ѪԵʣʵѾȵشﵽʦƷĳ̶ˣʱУʦĵȼ㹻ϳ֡
ľѪǿѰ붼޷ģǿߵľѾﵽ۷̶ȣһξѪ־ҲЩͨ޿ȥƿصģ̫һľѪҲѾҶǿеĴݻе־ĿܶûУҲǻΪʲô˶ݵʱбﵽ̶ˡ
Ȼ㿴һЦݲ֪𣿡
Ц˵
ȻǰٲϴʱѾЦݣЦĺ
ӣҪгΣȻ൱죬ܹȵԼİ˻еŮ˵ΪҸˣȻõȷʵǻһ鼫Ĳˬ
ȻĹĵĿſС
ǿҶ컳İӣ֮һȻʱðźĲʱҶȥٲȻ鼳ȡĲˬ
˴ԴȵУٴεһҹŷչ飬ڶ࣬ʵʼ֮ҪĵҩҲʼ뵽˺ܴһָУҲʹżλҹŵĸ߲ע⵽С
ЩҩǣҹŵõģǻԴڵģȻҪжģǲǻ˵뿪ϵڶ࣬ҲЩҩǵҩʼЩ漱ˣԵĻҪЩҩȥѰһµҩѧͽϾҪʱ仹ĳ̶ȣǲץĻһߵĻȻɾͱˡ
Ҷ΢΢ĵ˵ͷ
ûκεѡЩҲΪܹҹĻƺѾһ㣬һǻҪעģǰٻ˲ȥĵģ˵ЩҩҲҪİգҩʱʺϰ˵ӵѰҰںʵѧԱҪѹθɾˣҪȥѰһҩޣ»Щѵġ
˵֮ҶϲɵЩЦԼѧҩֶαϵĵƾ趦¯ƵҩֶҪ߳һĳ̶ȣڼϻķ涼ˣԼҩֶȷʵǱȽϵ֣ҲҪʲ׵˲ſԼ̳еģûǲƾ˷Լҩַ
Ҷ쵹ǲԼַ˸ΪȥģҩַٵҲؼˣԼĶȻֻΪ׽˲ŵԴڣڸЩѧԱȻδһЩǿļɡ
ϸϸһ֮һɢ뿪ǰǸҸԵᣬ˻϶ԼŮˣȻҪһԵദĻˡ
ڿԼֳͬɫ֮Ѿ˵Ӱ¸ı˲٣ƤϺ˺ܶ࣬ȴҲ̲סһ죬ûĺ
ȥȺĻ쵰ҺܿͻѰҵԼϲŮ˵ġ
ҺʵļһСľ겻ɵЦĶǻ˵
ǰѶܸˡ
һ֮ӣĽʱһûĵСһһۣǳҲֱۣȻǶǿ˵൱Ĳϡ
ҲֻСľ˲ŻֲᷢеԵɣµ˿ԼҶ̲סĿЦŸԼ°ͣһ֮󣬿ٵڰӣĽбɱȥ

ҫķУһٵĴϢϵһλһ˿ĺٶȻܿ죬ǺзǴһ˿ɬĽǰ˵Ϣ㹻κεһΪ֮
͸Դģشӣֻѩɫڽһ𣬶ʱȻѾսϣǻȵϢȴδʧ
Ҷϸϸİһ㹻ҶѧԺ󲿷ֵΪ֮Ľʺ޵⣬¶ɫӣ·һֻСèһߡ
˰ɡ
ӣС˵
Ҷüͷ΢΢ŭ˵
Ů˶ԼɷȥŮˣ㵹ɵĿɰҪȥұŮˣСԴеЩʲôء
ӣֵİҶһۣоһ۵ķ֮ҶոƽϢĻٴε˵ȼļ󣬵ǿӣƣգȴֻýݺݵѹ
ߺߣǵΪԵʣôῴڱв࣬һŮ˵˵ô죿
뵽Լ翴ΣҶ̲סɫһ죬ȴ޿κε˵
ȷһŰɣ˵ˣ㿴ҿǶĺء
ӣû̯ԼǰҶǰϸϸ
˾ͽڣдǸŮˣϹεʦִһСѾͷߺߣһ֪ԳƲˣƭȥɡ
һɴѾʼοŮˣĶȴҲ̲סĲġ
ٺ١
ҶЦ˵ܿȴӦ˹˵
УѪҵĵӣɲҪˣ֮䴿ĺܡ
ӣҶϾһǾ׹צû˵
ߣҿǿСһȻʮ굫ȴѾͤͤˣĲ˵ƾҾ֪Ծǵӿʦ񰡣ҿò˶õģ͵ˡ
ҶЦҪͻȻһ䣬ȻĳźȥϵȻĴ߶ǰʱѾû˸ղŵϢ෴һֿ¶Ϣ
һʱѾĹ˫ͫһԷۺɫ಻ϵ㴽ţĽԹı¶ڿƺûκεĲֻǳҶԳԵЦ˵
ӴС˧磬ʲôأ
˭
Ҷ˵
岻ߴ󣬱ūҵǰһЩϻС
ӣ䣬Ȼ䣬˵ȴһĨȻϢ
Ȼ֪ǰİӣΪʲôˣҶȴҲҳ֣Ͼǰ˿ǰӣ塣
һֲ㹻ġ
㵽˭Ϊʲôӣڣ
˵Ҷϵƿʼѹŭڸǣ


421 
ӴӴӴλС˧绹ˣղŻūҵŪĲֺأھȻ˵ͷ˰Ȼûһö
˵֮󣬡ӣȻµâһȻֱӵ¥Ҷߡ
ֻӶΧȻγıȻٶȹ쵼ǿежµġ
һצ
Ҷ˫Ŀ΢΢һǺָܿеɺȴɵ÷ˣԭһĻԼľ㹻ǰġӣˣʱĻİӣҲܵشġ
쵰
Ҷ̲סĵ弱æĶ߲ٵķ廯Ѹٵ
С˧磬ʲôأѵ˵ūҳ㲻ɣ˵ǸղūǷƸʱ̬
ӣԳԵЦȴû˵ֹͣ˳ֵļĻ˵״Ҷıбб˹ȥ
ҶҶ췢ģԼδȶ޷ֲ˵ܹȵ뿪ԷûڰӣڵĻ쵰ʲô顣
ӣй
Ҷŭ
㾹ȻҳƺūΪ
⡰Ȼˡӣʹ϶ʱһ䣬еĶʱĿʼøӷ
ӰУĵȴʵʵڵĲﵽЧ
ǿߣҶ춼δǱǶԼİŮˣҶȴεĲܹȥֵġ
ֻǱĵߡ
ЩˣȫһӣūǴǸôɽյ̬׼Ҳ뵽ҰĺٴεѹģɼƣҪ׼ūҵ䣬
ЦȴûжٵĿֲϢ෴ǣӣǳԹĽǰŶԷһϢԵøӵ
ǰһŶϵĲҶ첻ϣҶȴɲò˵ǰİӣԭĳ̶ȸӵޡ
һӻȵĸоʼҶĿšӣӦ֮ΪŮˣҶ̲סѿڶ
ǰ׼ڵʶλȲɣ
¶һĨ֮ɫǺܿȴЦֹ˵
֪ĻٰūұǻεޣɼƿڿĴӦҪһһģǽȴңһҵľѪߣŵԼĺڣ˽յңȴ֪ıǿĻǣǰӵֶεܹĻɱǰСڵľѪѰĳ㣬ƺǴĳֿµǽʱҲ˵ļȡһ˿ҵ˷ʱ̡
Ȼ˵һʱΪҶǲˬϾǣ˰ӣȻֵķŭǶǰ׼ڵҲ൱ܡ
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ߺߣʵȷʵǿ󣬵ƾһ壬ūҵʵ㹻Ĵﵽĳ̶ȣĳ̶ΪҵĶ𣿸οҲʲôö˾ӦøרһȴһٶȥǱŮˣ֮˶ȥ
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ֻӶ׵죬УǿµȻγĴָĵߣݺݵسҶϲ˹ȥֶȷʵĲΣǶڰĻҶȴҲδȫŷԷʵ಻ĲΣһӳĳ̶ȵĻȻӣܲסģĳ̶ҲΪǿ
ȴҲѾ㹻ˣҶ޷֣ԵѾ·統С
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ҶϢʼƣ̬̲סЦ

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ˢ
ٵľۼһҶ߲ȻǿĺܣǶԷľνǷḻһʱ챳ѾݺݵػС
ʱİС΢΢һ£ʱһۺɫٵסҶ塣
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Ҷһϵȴٵǰٶɫ䲻ѡ
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Ѿͬ߰ᡣ
Ҷ˫Ŀʼ𽥵ģиǾֵĺܣɱҲͰˣԼİŮ˸ɱһֲңڰӣ˵Īʹࡣ
İɣūҵȻ־ʼģúܣ󼴱ǽֽˣҲ˿ʹġ
Ҷ֮󣬰¶˵Цݡ
졭죬ѵ㣡
ȻĴǾҪʱȴԼ꾹Ȼ޷ֺ˿ǱһǿĶסһ㡣
Ӵһɴϣǰ͹µĽȴδ˵ʧɫбøӳ˼֡
ȻһǿĻڰӦó֮ΪɣūΪһȻֶͨΣεܹڰ׼Ѫ˳õʱĳ˯ء
˵ͻȻ⣬漴ϵٵĻһ͵ݺݵسҶԴ˹ȥ
ۼ⵶ҪҶĲˣͻȻʱһֻȻץס
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ŵڵϵҶ죬ʱĻʧɫԭץס˲ǱкҶ졣
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Ҷ΢΢Ķ˼£漴Ļվ塣
Ǵ˿̵ҶȴѾϢ䣡
ɺ˫ĿѪΰĿֲԭׯ̬Ѿа쳣ޱߵǰİӵĿֲ
㡭˭
̲סĴǰҶԭǸϻ涼ˡ
ҡ
ҶһָֻԼı˵Ǻܿȴ¶һĨ޼ɵţ˫ĿڰĽϴѲӣ
ͻƺεȵѣûνħȴ˺󻼣ֲɷµҵĴڣ˵ܿұ㲻ˣƫƫɵνȻȻˣұңҿǱǿˣˣ˵Ҹôлأ
Ѿ˲Ұ֮ɫոԵʵڵаҶһ㣬ʹϺͱ졣
Ӵץˡ
Ľ¶һĨʹɫȴڿгһĨ䡭


422 ռ
ץ𣿡
Ҷ졯ƺЩֲǹеʵ̬ٲȻѾ˶ԷȻջˣڰǺ˸û˿⡣
ǰ㿴ūҵץˣֺӡء
ǽһίʱ·һŮһ㣬ȫʧȥ˸ղŵǰɱ⣬Ķֻʹ
Ŷҿ
Ҷ졯æĵԴԭƿʼɿǾʱ򣬰ڵõ˽ѵ˲䣬ͻȻָ˷綾һ㣬ѸٵĳҶĶϴȥ
Ƿֵ̬ʵһλŮһ㡣
ˣħҲգҲգūȥɡ
ԼִҶĶӣ˷ʣƾô̵ľ룬ǰҶ졯϶޷
ȻԷûзĻᣬƾԼƿʼٵĶǡ
ϡ
·Ǳ໥ײеļĴ̶ƺ͡Ҷ졯Ӵһ˲䣬ӦóֵѪδ֣ǰȴ¶һĨղŵǰװʹʵľŭʹࡣ
ˣ㻹Ϊǰ׳𣿡
ž
һǶݺݵؽǰĽ׵Ĵ˳ȥȴٴε˶Էϵɴ£˳Ƶľǳ

һǺݺݵȭͷֱӵĴ˰Ķӣź߽һĲУ̲סķʹĽ

㻹ΪǸЩȵġҶ졯Ů뷨ڵЩɣ㣬ڵȻûа취ԼƾϵķͿµٶԼ㹻ĸ㶨㣬˵õĲҪˣС
ߡҵ壬ǵģҹȥ
ͻȻҶȻһ䣬ȴҶı
УôҪ˰װı𣬵ǻȥɣڵҿռ˴󲿷ֵȥɡ
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˵⡮Ҷ졯ȻڤóһöɢĵҩںҶıһ壬ȻҶļ䣬ܿⵤҩ֮ѸٵǿеĵűķǹصЦԽǿ
Ҫʲô
ǰġҶ졯ǿеĿԼ֮ɫʱĴ
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ҶڵȡƿأħһӰʧ֮ȴĲ˲Ծĵطɫޱµ̲סĴ
ҩ
ǵģղŵаҶµһöԵĴҩĵȵҩʼɢµʱ򣬲űɵȻʧ֮ǰҲҪյĻҶһѡ
ǰӣĽǱ̬֮ȵ漴ʼ
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͡
ƫƫɴȻĿʼҶ˺漴Ҷ·һֻһݺݵ˵˰Ľϡ

ʹĽȻҶĴֱɵģȴǴ߻һ㣬δҶ쿪ʼֹͣԼĶ෴ıøӿһɺ˫ĿǰĶʼٵͬǿ籩һ㡣
ոѵİܹҶĶ֣ҶŰĶԼһĨĪĿ⡣
ūҡūһɱģ
꣬εɱңܹɱ𣿡
ԵĴУʱĵ˵Ĵ粨ˣĽѾֳ޷ƿصĸоʱֱᣬΪʮþȵ飬ȴΪаҶ֣˹һǻ˵ʧҶ졣
ԼСҶ죬ӿĪ
ߺޣģʹԼϲ
ǰ׼ڵʵСĶ࣬ΪĹƣε϶ԷǶ޶ԣǱȴҪǿ֮˸ռеģӡڲһ㣬ʱѾ޷ĪĿˡ
ӣǻԵģǰȴѵģϵĸһֱǿҵĴ̼ҧ̲סļ
һ屾Ȼĺģ㽿и쳣Ϣ£ҶĶһαһεͣʹѾʼ𽥻۳Ҷ㹥²ϵıɢ
Ȼʶģģ뵽ǰŮ˵ݣҶоȻ̲סһǿҵռĪĿ⡣
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ԭĽĪٴεı仯ԴĿ
һδνϵĽӲ֮漴һεĳǴʱҶȴһֻ̰ħһ㣬ϵȡϵĳðʹȴܵһĿǲʹ˵ͣЪ
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Ҷһγ֮ŭһʱĿʼĵµĵҩҩû˵ǿ󣬵˰Ȼ֮ߵЧʱķ˵ӣĿʼ
ܵҶԪ뵽Լ֮󣬰ǼָײɵĴҶƤıȴ¶޷ŵɫ
ҵѪȻڳɳ
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仰֮Ŀ΢΢ֹͣˮȴ䵽ѩɫϡ

ҶʱٴεƿԣǿҶԣŭڱˣ
Ҷʲôˣһʼıףڻˣƾʲôҵ飿Ұôôϲʲô˾ʲôˣʲô飡
ң
Ҷѿڶĺ
ƾʲôңҽȥһѧԱȥϡϡ
Ҳ׼
Ҷǽһ쭰ĻֱӵĲܿŮˣҶǰռе൱ǿˣ͸ԷҶϵıǣȻǰδ֣ȴѾˡ
ƾʲô׼
ͷ
ƾ
˵Ҷֱӵס˶Էӣ

Բ
ŭϲɡͻ
ͷϵĿʼռŶԷ࣬ĿʼǰƲѾǿбס˶ԷĽƺ˳ŸղĴĵطĻ˶Էȹ
ֻ壬һжʱҶһǿҵĸд
ĽĿʼְԵǿǣǿɶͨ㹻˸оһ
ʱѾ˶ҶĻ
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Ҷķſ˻ԵıҪһЩˣԷǻȵĺ촽ʱѾøӣǴһ˿ףɼղŵҶõôǿ
Ҹ㣬Ҳ㣬Ժһ׼Ӷ㡣
Ҷ졭å
ܵԼ屻ԷƸҪɻˣǶԷǰԵϢȴһ
ߣҾåˣԺ󰡣һ쿴顣
ҶѩɫĶס˶ԷĶҧ˵
㡭Ǹå
ֱıסҶ죬ȻûдӦȻ֮ȴʼ߽ˡ
໥´һʱ֮ҶɲҳʱıŶԷΪһɫˣҶоԼ˾ͿҪըˡ
ҸСӳˡ
ǺܿҶȴʵ
ΪʲôϲأҿǼǵ㵱ڼҵʱ൱ķߺš
ԣݺݵɨҶһۣ漴ȴһ˿֮ɫ˵
ǰȷʵ˵ģȴǵһǰҵˣǡǵһռұ˵ļһ


427 
𣿿һأĻεܹռһأ
ûĿ¶Ц̬Ҷ죬кݺݵطһǰۡ
Ҿ˵һߵһ𡣡
ͻȻһд֮Ҷɫδ䣬ߵȴɫ䡣ɫŵĽе
㣬㡭ôˡ
˵İӣЦȻǶ˵Ԥϣ˺ݺݵһǸװµ˵
ܲѧԺһϵ˶֪õҶ˳һŭΪյˡ
ƺǿѣӣ漴ƣ˵
ǻ·ȥĴܲ
Ҳǰӣ̬ȹڵƽͣ˱һ̲סĵ˵ͷ
Ů뿪ӰҶ϶ʱ¶һĨƵɫ
Ҷؿշɡ
ߣˣūҵӦһƵ㡣
Ȼ󣬼ȴڸǲȻķ顣
Ӵһշްնģô˵֮ųĹϵɱ𣿡
飬ҶȻҲǿĵĺܣ˵Ҳʼָ˱ԣǰӣڵİҲŹĵϷ
ԺѸٵ˸žµձ÷̬Ȼ뵽Ҷ˵һҹԷǿеİռ֮󣬷顣
ߡ˵ģ´ûôõĻˣҵʵָĻˡ
ƺǲٺҶ˵ݺݵض˶ſٵʧҶԺС
·ԼٴεûǶҶ˵Դ֮󣬱㺱йУʱУʮʱڵʮ꣬˶ݵʱбﵽ˳һӶ޷ﵽľ磬˳˴󲿷˶ҪΪ֮ݵݣһ֮ȴҶ챾ķܶûеһδ裬Ĳɾ͡
е𽥵Ŀʼ
˺İҶ𽥿ʼͨ
һҶ˷·Ϊһ壬ĪζҶ̲סĿʼԼ˫Ŀ
ڵı֮Ĵ߶µĳγһ̫ͼΧҶתϵȻ΢һ㣬ûյָͣƺӵĿ¡
շ磡
Ҷڲ֪ٴζԼһµƿء
Ͳζ޵УҶŶϵҲʼ𽥵ĳһıдŸվζ໥ںһӵĿ¡
һı󲿷ֵԵΪҶǱ֮ã֮Ǵ͵ĴںϣҶͻ̶ȵʱȴδĽԼﵽЧķеĸȴĳˡ
·ɴһᣬƾǿ֮Ȼպ˫ĿҶȴɸоĳԼĲУΧľǸԶһɽİΧŤĩ
ԭȻεı仯ʹԵøӿֲ

಻ĺҶʼйɵÿһ˿·Ǳӵ˻һ㣬ܿıڽȥǱзǴϢĸоȴ԰εĳС
ԭͻƽĲ֮ҶδĵԼϵһ㾲׵ĻȴҶ첻С棬ԭеЩδյҲٵĸȻ޷ڶʱ֮ٴεҶʵ뵽µĲΣȴҲ㹻ʡȥ˺ܶʱ
ߣ˾ȻѡЩ׳ǴĻԵĻǿ˺ģˣˣʲô飡
ϴų˼˵
ˣзǴһԼδĵǣȷʵǺĺܣϾϵתԼһ˴ϵĻԻ̼صĺǸʱʧԲСȴ֪ҶѰ˿ǲܴġ
ãû뵽㣬Ե
һԵĴϲͻȻĴ漴˵ӰҲ
еӰУһһŮԵ൱ܣӴԼʮһĳ̶ȣ಻ףֻϢüϡĿԿһĨһŰ׾ϴһ˿ͬӵĲ԰ףȻⱾľǹ֮ȻΪԵʶʹһĨ֮
Ůӿȥʮ˾ӣȻ㲻ǾȴҲŮһλһĻƳȹдһԵıǰһԷȻЩԱȫڸס
ȷʵԵֻû뵽ڸ羹ȻҲѧϰء
ŮȻǸо˫ĿԼֳĸ飬ȻЦǱȴƽȴһ԰ϢϢԵЩܾӡ
ΪڵȻǶڴŮģһζڶԷǰʱ˵ʲô
񡭡
ͻȻһ󼱴ٵĽ˳ֻһλŰɫ۵ڳ߸ǺԺصĳ̶ȻЩЩ
֮ΪŮ¶һĨЦ⣬üϡɼ׷Ե˲١
ɫĳѧԺҲǸ߼ѧԱĲˣģ֮ڵɫ΢΢һ䡣
Ҳﰡ
ӵĳ֣ɫΪĲˬȻӻʶ
û뵽Ȼ㰡Ԫ㲻ǱѧԺ¼ȡ𣿡
ڵԴ˵
ߡƾҵʼϵʵ߼ĳ̶ȣȻܵѧԺˣĻҵѡȷģҼֽѧԺĻ˵ܲҵġ
ѧԺƿص飬ںȻ˽⣬˶Դûжٵ쳣
մʱѾʼЩȻ˵ĶԻʼЩǿԪ˵Цӣڵɫʱѿ
ߣԪȻʱˣΪ֧ȻҲ˵ңŰɣһصһҪ㶨ġ
һԷأвɿʼ
⼸˳ֵ˲䣬Ҷ㿪ʼˣǵֵʱɫѾЩ仯еһǿұԺȻĳһ㲻϶⵫ȴҲ׵Ӱ
񣬾ȻѹҵļоȻ˵֣ԭ˻һγϵϵ
Ҷ΢΢˫ĿԵ


428 
Ҷ죬Ǵ˼ңܹʶҺܿģ֮ǾԲܵġ
һԼʮ߰СŮֻʮҶ쵭Ȼ˵̬һ׵ʵűѰŮ߱
㵱ΪʲôҪضӽҡ
Ǹų̲סĽ
ӽӽҲһԭģȴĲʣΪĳԭҲ˺ݺݵһΣҶû䵽ֲ˰ɡ
һ仰Եúϸ΢ΪǸǿһֱעŶԷ޷Է仰Ĳ
ƺǸоԼЩй¶Ůӵ΢΢ԭһ˿Ǹڿ˶Էų֮ȫʧˣµֻĸ߰Ĳм
ҵķ֧ȻУеʵȴǿᣬڼҵ֧֣Ҫˣϣܹɳ
ƺǶ겢δĿãΪƽͷ·ںһλèһĶ԰Ȼ޷⣬¶һĨڸǵķŭ
ΪʲôΪʲôƫƫҪѡңѵ˵ΪҾһЩ֮Ū𣿡
Դ̬ŮӵϲɵıЩǺܿŮӵ߼λѸٵĽڵأ궼޷˽⣬Ǹһ޶Ůý̬ԼӣΪʲôȴգۼ˶ħһ㡭
΢΢ҡҡͷҶŴ״̬˹
ѹ˵һ˵һֱʮֵļɻ䣬μڱھˣȻôһε飬ĻƺŮ˻ԭҶĳǲ֪ɵСӶ˺εȵľľȻμѹƵιֱڲŻѹ
ʮӶʮ̶̵ʱУҶڿɲǸ۵ˣϸӵĲǶԷˡ
΢΢˽⵽β²֮ѾһģȻģҶһлԼ޷˽⵽飬ȻҲΪһŽӽԼģǺܲɵҶ쵱Ȼǲ֪飬Ҳ˶Էֻܹε뿪
뵽Щ֮ҶѾڹʱ뵽۶֮󣬻صԼļһˣʱѯһԼĸס
ҶҡĲƽ𣿡
΢΢˼һ֮Ҷ컺³һ˵
ΪŮˣҶûκεȤԼ˵һкøеŮˣҶڵĳ̶ȣӵеŮˣҶԼû˿ʵŮˣҪɰġ
ౡ
Сײ֪ʱҶļϣʱСһû˿ĸı䣬ҶôûзֶԷԼطڤʲôƵĵطʹҲ˶ԷǰڤĿԣұСһﾹȻĽֶ֮εǺĺܣ֮ͨǿռ֮漰ĲĻС׵ֶӦúͿռĳЩϵ
ǶڿռҶûжо˵ֻʱķСһоˡ
ǲȥϹȥɣ˵Ľ൱ĶأеҸһ
Ц˵
ߣڽѧԺ֮ʱĴ׷ɱڻֻǸոյĽѧԺ˿δ˽⣬ǺܿıԲˣ񣬵ȥλÿ£ȻʱҴһѧԺ˫ˣ˫ѧԺж֮һƾҵֶ㹻ı֤ʱвЩ裬Ļǵ־Բʣ¶ٵġ
ôܣ˵ֿµֶΪʲôȴҪУ
Ϣ֮󣬶˵ԵĲһϢӶԷԿóԪɲֻΪ˵ǻֵ⣬ΪԼ͸©ϢȻԼЦ
ҪöԷԼǲܵˣϾӶԷֻ㹻ĿĳԷǺεȵ˷ܣܹҵһὫԼĥһһôǢ˵
޷ȥƹżҵ飬ǶԼҵ˺ȴʸȥ̣ܽ
ߡҵƺҪżģǻֱˣƾԼʵɿڶʱ֮Ūģ˵ǵͲҪˡ
һ֮Ԫɫʱһ䣬֮仯ĻһǱ
ʱһ΢΢г״ƺҪ˵ǾʱȴһӰӰ֮вɵһĳּ俪ʼ
Ҷ졭
߶Ҷ֮жʱһ𣬵ǶŮˣǰǸҶεϲǶڴԽߵ˵ȴδ˿뷨ѾʧҶ죬ڵȻƾЩ㹻жϳΪŮӸԭǸ߻
Ȼ΢𶯣Ҷȴδ˵ӵûȥתǼǰȥ
ǸԼһ꾹ȻԼĴڣвɵӿһŹֵĸоǶҶ൱˽⣬ǿ˵Ϊܹȡ棬˵˽⣬ǸһԼǸˣ֮ԲԼȴΪѡ
ŮһֺǿµȻֻĳЩŮ˰ˣ֮ȴϲȥסЩߵˣһּȱ̬
ڴ۵С۵ԪȴԼﾹȻٵıܵһ۵Сߡ
졭þòˣ
ҶıȻǸ̵֮Ҷ֮ȻʼٵĲоɱ仯֮ҶжʱȻ
µļֻǼ䣬ҪӰң
ŭȻһŭ֮󣬶ʱԭ֮ؿʼƽҶȴʼЦŮ൱˽⣬˵ûʲô뷨ĻҲԼ˵ġ
תӣҶüͷ΢΢Ǽеǰ崿Ҷ쿴崿ȴǰࣺ
񡭡𣿡
ʱùԲ޷ŵĿҶ죬Ȼδ뵽ǸԼƴӵڶ̶̵ʱоȻԼ̬ˡ
һԹȴʼҪģҪʹ࣬סҶԭ
˵ܹӶԷ̽Ҷһأҵļ˵ֻǴһġ
뵽Щ֮崿ƺǿʼ΢΢¶һĨЦݡ


429 ҲҪˣһ
Ů˵뷨ȻҶ޷֪ȴҲ㹻ĴӶԷıϲ²⵽һ˾ŲʮˡԳЦ֮⣬ҶѾ޷ķʽˣ˵ԭ˵ĻԷҲܳɹھԲɣ
㰡û뵽ҲҶѧԺ
ĶҶ˵
𣿡
Ҷ̬
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ڷɿߣͬʱĻԪΪԪڿҶ֮󣬶ʱɫһ䣬Ϊ˫ŵˣΪҶѧԺ³Ǽ˺֮⣬Ҳ˲ʶҶˣǿֲֶΣɱɱѾΪ˴˵ǿԼһӶ޷εģԷڿǲʮ꣬Ҳ޷ȥԿġ
ҹţ˷ķչٶȣȴҶѧԺ˸ȥҲҶԵµġ
ڿҶò֮ɫĲȥ仯
ڵı֮ȴûֹǸ׳յ˽⣬Էһֻ֪ķ蹷ܹڱ˵ĸѵҲһ顣
ʶһѣҶ졣
Ҷֵֻδﵽ˾֪ĳ̶ȣҶ֮ڵ¶һĨ߰ɫ¶һ˿м֮ɫҲ֪Ƕһֱӵܵ˵ķȴȻ֪ʱͲԭǱСˡ
ҶϻһĨȣԷӺһ֮ɫδӳҶע⣬ЦУ΢΢Ŀһ¶ͬЦԪ˵
˫ŵˣ
ҶѯԼԪȥ⣬ԼСĶ˵ɫ΢Уæ˵
ǵģֹһε֡
Ҷ΢΢Ц
ҲûҰɡ
Ԫ̬ȣȻע⣬ȻаԵĺ棬ܿȴ뵽Ҷҵİ䣬Ҳһ˿棬ֻǶҶϵĳһĨҶǰ
죬뿪֮ͼȥѰģΪ̫æˣһֱûпУû뵽Ȼ㣬ǸոյϵĻֲ֪ܴ࣬ܲ㡣
ڸһ֮㱩¶Լͼһ仰˵֮ԪȴЦ뷨ʼдĸı˲٣ΪŮ˻һߣڶȤǼС˲١
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ǧְɣϾʱæģȽǧһ£ҵӦףһλᣬǲģȵҵ֮ҿԶҵֶνʱҲ㰲һְλġ
ң֮ǵ𣿡
ұҵıӵܣСһᡣ
˷ȴԪɫ΢΢һ䣬Ҫ˵УһЦȴӲԶ˳ֻǰӣ˵Цĳ
ߵҪ߳ȼòʣȻöɫڵĿֱۣòѾˣںͶԷȽϵĻֱ֮
졭⼸λǣ
ӣ΢΢һ˺ʵԼţûȥ⡣
ŶǰһеģǸѧԱ
ҶЦ˵ڿʱ򣬶ԷҲڶ΢ȴͰӣʱƺǷſеĽ١
Լò൱ŵģȴδ뵽ǰŮӱδѷɫұԼҪǿĶࡣ
ѧ㰡Сڣ֮ǵҡ
ڼæĳԼƣȻҪǰС֣Ƕһıְӣȴ΢΢üĶҶ¶˺ɫȻǶύ˺Ǻ档
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ǺãҶѣҶ׷ңҾܾˣ˵ѹϵ
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е뷨ȻǲԶˣȻڸŮҶƷǲڼҵĶѡ
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߰ɣʱ䲻ˣҪȥԷˡ
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ڸ߰˵ԵľڱԼġǿ󡯡
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λѧһԷҶӰɡȻˣǧ֡
Ҷüͷ΢΢ڿν˼ޣΪ΢ֹһƽ˸ķˡ

һڵĴҶ˵˳
㡭˵ʲôСһССҶңֻҪһ仰㹻̼ʧ֪𣿡
Ҷ΢΢һۣﻺ˵
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Ҷ쿴һѾŵĿɿڴԪ˵
ǡǵĴˣ
ƺҲ֮ǵ˰ɡ
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Ԫ޷ŵкݺݵع˵ϣ
ҶҶˣҺ֮ûжٵĹϵìܣżҺͣС˺һҲΪ׳Ů˶ѣСѾûκε뷨ˡ
ܹϵһǿߣεĸȥǣҪ˵ˣҶһ仰㹻ż̼ʧ
ʱͻȻЩԾԼżﾹȻǸԼƭŪˣֱ̫ˡ
ìܺðȥ֮Щļ°ɣѾҪˣҵ˼Ӧװɡ
Сӣ˵ʲô
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Ԫݺݵ˦һǶ⣬﹧˵
˵ĻСˣСȥͼͨţǺܿˡ
Ҷ΢΢ĵ˵ͷ
ܺãһΪǳΪ֮еƿصģʱҲȥģȥɡ
Ƶ仰ұҪ
仯ǶϷˣ
ڿԪ˷ܵɫԼҶǲм̬һǿҵĺ֮


430 ҲҪˣ
ߡȻ˵Ļȥɡ
Ҷ쵭˵֮Ҳûз˿ı仯ԵΪѹѾʼȫʧˡ
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ͻȻĶҪ뿪Ԫ˵
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Ԫǽһ£Ͼȷʵģ飬ǴҲϵģ˼æİ˵
С£һҵȷżȻģûκεĹϵ
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ˣ߰ɣ飬Ӧ֪ôˣҵ֮ǵҲӦ֪ôˡ
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Ҷ뿪ӰԪŲһѾγ˱¶ȵĺˮǺܿϵһĨЦȴʼϡ
Ԫʲô˼㲻ΪԷһ仰Ϳʼͼײɡ
̲סĶԪĺѾʼЩ˲ԤС
ǺǺǡȻᣡ
ԪЦ仰ȴĵ˵ͷ
ܺãϣʵĶ˵Ůˣʲôһ仰㹻ǳ׵ʧĻ쵰Ȼӵ޵ŮˣһҪȡɫŮӦñӵС
ڵ൱ĸ߰ҶǰӣŮ֮뵽˸ղŰӣǰ޵̬еĻ治Ŀʼȼһߵ̲ס˱Ű뷨
ˣҪģѾ̲סˣȻӾ͸㿪һŮ
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ڵɫʱһ䣺
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ѵ˵ΪҶԵʣ
˵ӿʼΪֹȴƺѾʼԼ޷ƿص¿ʼǸһֱԼһԴ꾹Ȼڶ̶̵ʱгɳԼ޷ƿصĵزǵȻԼһ޷ݵϢΪ֮ǿ־ġ
ߺߣ˵ĺܺðԴܺãòףҵΪĺ棬㾹ȻڿʼʱҶ˽Թߺߣ군ˣʶĻõĻ˳Ұɡ
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Ų̱ҵļ壬ҶΪһ޴ĸı䣡
ڳ׵ŭˣһѵץסԪĺ
ߣÿ֣ûҵǲھͷϵ㡣
һȻĲĽԷ𿪡
ʵǣڣǵҳ׵군ˣղŵҶˣߺߣҲѹ֣ҲСǲȥ˽⵽ģΪľ֪ŮˣȻΪϲãҲңɣղǸ꼴˶ȥǣΪѧԺ֮һ֣ѧԺΪǿҹŵЩҲҲʲôΪؼǣǴʷΪ
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ڵͫ׾ҵ̲סʧ
һ̣ԪԵѾ¶ֻ̬
ȻˣЩڵĳ̶˵㲻ʲôҶڴʦĳ̶ȱǿߵʵڲǰǻδʱٴεĳΪʷΪǿߣߺߺߣǿǺʹػһ޶ǿڣָ㹻ļ˲Ļʮǿޣڿ˶ûиȥģǺǲɰڣƫƫȥˣżҷҶ˵ķ֣ܿԳΪ֮ǵǿͳΡ
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ڵһֱӵĵ˵ϣ˫Ŀʱ֪ԪΪʲô¶־ηӣҶΪʲôһַƵ̬ȥˡ
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޷ŵĿԪıӰѾûκ뷨ʱѾ֪Լļ峹׵ˣһǿ߸ȥֿģһҶͷϵͷθǾ˵ĺܡ
Щͷμǵһ㹻˶ݣοĻںһ˵ϣֱ޷źͿ־塣
Ҷ졭Ǹ۵СӡΪ
𾪳̶Ϊǿҵ̲סʱȻԼľǺεȵĴյǸ۵СѾΪ˽վͶֿȵǶſСһ˲ʧĿǿߡ
һĸεܹסϷһı仯
λŽǳʲô
ҶЦ˵
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ӣûĿһۡ
ôζѵ˵ҪԴ𣿡
ӣԵһˡӣҶ켱æЦ˵
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ӣ̲סҶһŤ
໡ʹʹʹװŴˣҴ˻𣿡
Ҷĵ˵
㣬ƺĺʹȷſɡ
Щ̵˵
ȻǰӣǴĥҶ죬ڿҶԴʹӣͿʼˣڶԷֵЩŶѡ
ٺ٣źð
Ҷ˳ֵ§סŮ˵
оһǿҵϢϯȫʱһ糺죬ҶҲεĽԼĹϵһ飬漴˵
ǸʱǼˣ˵Ҳû˻ϲңȻڱҴǸмˣû뵽ǶԷҪȻĳĿӽҡ
Ҷ콫ԭίһ˵
ߡɶŮˣû뵽գ֪ĻӦþ׵ˡ
Ůͬ˵
ǺǡˣԪӦ֪ȥˡ
˵Щ֮ҶЦ˵˫ĿԵðһĨĺ⡭


431 Ȩ
֮һٷʱ佻бȻٴηֿȻ˵Ҷ쵹ЩܹĺͰӣһ𣬵κΣʱİӣĲͬ⡣
еҶҲֻգŮҡҷˣҶʱ쳤ХĸоԭעҪһ˵Ķؿշˡ
˻㡣
ܹҶ죬ϲˣ뵽һҹҶԼϴΣԹ㲻һ
ߡ꣬ϾҲҵϵģܲܲҪʱʱðŻˣȻˣ˵ϵǰֵ̬Ļҵ൱ϲġ
仰ʱĿʼץ
壬ƣϪˮ·ݡ
Ҷ⻰ûвκεʣ϶ԷǵϷټϸղΣ⻰ϾһҹΡ
Ҷ졭ūҪɱ㡣
оϵʼϱҶɫʱһ䣬漴ǿеѹסϵı仯֮󣬷ɿĳԼҶѧԺ򵽵һȥ
һԭϹǰģȻҶ컹ڴŶԷܹκμ˷һֱƮδƿء
˵áץʱѰһСˣҵľҵģ
ԴϤζҶаԵΪؼȴʱİѾʼҶڷˡ
Ͼǿߣֶ֮󣬶ʱҶ忪ʼܿƵڵصķҶ㲻ǶԷĶ֣ڰ껹ǽ֮ʵ֮䣬ҶҪȴҲɵûκΰ취
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ٴԼֳϾһȭ֮ҶҲɵñһ˿ϾԼԼҶεܹܡ
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ԵһţҶȴȻıһɿµ֮֮ƺƾճֵһ㣬šת֮󣬿ٵĺҶԭ֮ںһʼ׳Ǳԭĳ̶׳ĳ̶ȡ
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ɿֲ֮ںһ壬Ѿγʵʳ̶ȵ֮üȻһţ漴һӰҲ漴Ҷзɿļ˳
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д޷ŵɫ
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ҶǿеĽĽǽϣ¶һĨЦ˵
ղŰĥĿɲᰡ
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ʱǲ԰׵ķϣΪŭƣԵǹ޳ˣͷϽŵҲɢֳֺס˰ϸѩ׵γĶԱȣȹǴ˫ķԲʵСȶҲ¶ȹ⡣
ѾʳζҶȻɫǣǰȴӵһҲΪǰݵԵʣϾһȻ֮òеףȻҶ޷ƿˡ
ڿ˰Ȼ̬֮ҶеĻ治ɵáһӿʼȼԷΪŭմʱǿʼͬʯһҶ졣
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ڵĿʼ̲סĽе
̬Խ˵Ľգ¼ʥ˶޷ܵģҶ΢΢Ц
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ūҡǲᡭء
Ļﻹδ˵꣬ҶȴѾԵĽԷӣסˣǰǴλֻǽҶʶѵĻϣһҶȴѵģϵƿȫĿűϵʹ
оǸ֭ҺǵҶ첻ɵÿʼԽ̰ĽһĽӲǷȭӣκδʱȻԼʹκεһ˿ӲҪ˵Ҷƿˡ
ܹʵȥһλǿǿ߶ҶԷ޷½пҲǶһˡ
ȹ˺ѵУʱİԴʹĽ͵Ĵ
籩ġսʱ൱Ҷ췢Լںǰ໥ľԼǿʼһ˿˿תĸӾ
ӰǺͬƻҲ㹻ĿĳԷĻҲǲ١
㡭쵰ūҡūҾԵĲŹġ
糺죬ŭ˵Ǳ̬ȴԵø˵ĺܣҶҲ˵һǴ˺Ů

ԴʹĽƺǴһ˿ڴ
սɳⳡսĳСʱ֮ĽսȴҶʮơ
Ҷ졭ˡ쵰ūҷġһŹġ
ǰٴεĸҶ֮µһ仰ҶҲ˵Ķһָӡ
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Ҷ΢΢ĸһϵǻӡεЦЦȴһĨ⡣
ӸղŵķмĲѾʼ𽥵Ľ뵽ԼƿصУȻ˵⻹Ҫһ̣Ҷȴȱʱ䡣
ǰɡ
΢΢濴һ£Ҷȴεķ˲ҽ֮ԭֻʱɫһƬȻϵǵǳԵʮҫҶ˵ҹŸոյĿʼһҹεȹ
뵽Щ֮Ҷǽһư
ʱҶͻȻеڤ䣬Ȼ뵽Լڻɱǿߵ͵ʱ򻹴ϵõһȨȡ
͸֮ҶǰǹȨȻسǰ
ǿߵǿ̶ȷǱѰǼˣһȨȴɵδѣɴ˿ɼԷҵѩǹҪǿĶࡣ
ѩǹҶĵһȻеĸҲ൱ǿҵģеʮ㣬ʱ䳤õĻҶţԷ㹻Ľĳ̶ȡ
л顭ڵĳ̶Ϲؼ㹻Ĵﵽлĳ̶ȣĻɿԵġ
ҶȻĲǹȨȺԼѩǹںһ뷨


432 
һӡʼĴҶ˫еڵõħħļ֮ҶϹԶϵĳЩҲʼһƿأһӡҲһֿбԴķ
еıԴָıеԣѩǹǾʯģȻĳ̶ֳϳѰ֮ʱõĲϣǶȨȵĲҶ컹δ˽⣬óȻȥںϵĻܿܵ߶˫˫Ŀܡ
ԡ
ðѩɫĹâҶ૵ѩǹпΪ׼֮׵ԡ
ǹԻ׵Զǿƻǿ
԰
ҶΪε˵
ԵԲںһġ
ԽҫѩɫâҶνԽл飬Ҷıѩǹģѩǹܵʹá
ѵҪʹԵĺĹȨ𣿡
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Ҷû˵Ϊ֪ԲֻͻȻµĺԼ˵ЩûõĻ
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ΪƣϾ˵ôҲΪҶܹɿһ£ҶȻǲˣδɿڣǵȻӲɵðҧ
ĳˣһūһ𣿶ռūұˣڻɿڣ쵰
뵽ҶǰԵҲ֪߳ܵռԼʱΣһĨŭٴεڰϳ֣ƺû̫ĶС
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ڵ֮νǿĺܣҶεĲķӦڶԷ̬ЯıŭҶˡ
ߡȻԵ˵Ļںһ壬ҲǾԵģˮ֮һ㣬Ȼ֮׵֮ԶĿ񱩣ϾǱУԶԶĴﲻʱǰѳ̶ȣ˵оǱлǱȽȥǱϵġ
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ԷǹصЦݣҶвһ
Ԩ֮ˮ

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Ԩ֮ˮһҲǼĺϡ֮㾹ȻӵôʵЩ󣬶Ԩħ㾹ȻԻӳҵԤϡ
˵һ·ҪȪˮҫ
˼԰ҽѩǹµĴ
ǰ˵ʲôô𣿡
˶ģ



Ȼ˿԰ԼµĴѩǹҶȻֵУʵ˵ҪǿĺܣҶǷġ
ħļҶȻ˵ѾĲˣǶԷļ̫Ӵ󣬼ҶѾˣܹںҪһʱġ
ͺһλͨͻȻõڵĲƱǾͳ׵˱ҪڵĽǮԼ쵽̥ǵĳ̶ȻҪһʱġ
ˡѪ˺֡ȡɻǹ൱ǿ󣬵ΪĲеһЩҲʼ˳ǲõĿһצȴΪʼϵķӳеǿЧˣеľҪϸĻֳȻٽеɾ
Ҷ찵Ե˼
ĵȼǲһȼ֮ϵƿѾʼϸ΢˲٣硶Ѫ˺֡еĻͻУǰǽһ֣ϸĻд羢ҪһʹõĻҪԼľϸĿ
Ҷ㹻һлɵĴǧƵľӣͬǿкܹõĽһǻڻ̱þеںһϣͬͻһ㣬ɵĻĿꡣ
ΪҲõΪУٿħļʲôõǷڽҹܹһаʽ
ħʵͼʶϾҶԽﲻʱ˿ԱģһǡħǾϱԿó
ܹһ֮ѧںϵһѧйѾǿóˡ
Ǿ˵ĿʼҶһϸ˵ħҶջڡħǾǶԷļ䣬Ҷ콫ħļȫĻܾܿʹ˳ɾΪħ֮ڶλħǸӵǿ
ѾΪҶµѩǹˣڴ֮ټҶ콫ĴΪԼĻ֮еЧԭѩǹӵǿ
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ЩâȥȻۣʱ俪ʼϵ֮Щâҫ̶ȴʼ𽥵
ҶǿǾһ֮֮γɵֱۣʱе֮ڿʼطӳԼıԴ
֮෴ұȴҲû˿Ķ˴֮֮ҶұѾʼһ޶Ĳ˿ֲ
ǶһģǡѪ˺֡ǡһצǱ˾˳ʱĴͲ޸֮ԼҲˣȻҵҲӳ൱ֲ⻹ǲģҴﵽ𼶵ĳ̶ȣʩչǿһצʱȴ޷֤ܹǲһЧֻԼΪǿģһħļҲѾҵ˼أ˵ĻԼĹϲϸĽ֮⣬Ҫϵȥµļɺ͹
뵽Щ֮Ҷ첻ɵԼĶŹֶΡ
ԼǱѾΪԼΪǿˣ㹻ǻɱԼʵǿߣһʩչĵ൱ӴģҲһֿԳʱʹõֶΡ
΢ָĿʼһ
͡
һ̶ͻȻľҶ죬Լ˫ֻ֣֮ڻɢԼĲ
𡭡ȻԼѾ׵ԻˣԺĽҲϵĽԻ
һ޵뷨ʼҶ𽥵Ĳˡ


433 ҵĵӰ
峿һյеĿʼʱҲҶѧԺʼֶʱ̣һ֮ڳҪΪһλǿҪıǳֵõÿһ̵ʱ䣬ƿأνҲֻһֳνѡ
ȻɫֻǸոյҫϰ䳡ȴѾѧԱ峿һôǱǾںϻӵܼһЩٶŲСӰ졣
ҶѧԺĺɽľܼطԪν൱ĳ棬ȻҲٵҪκȴŴޡ
˵̫ǿģǶԷԻϵĿ·϶ˣ˵ܹ˻϶Щǿ߼ġ
˪֮ף
һͻأ⾲׵дĳ֣Բǧ׵ķΧͻȻĳֳ˴ŵı¸Ǽٵ½
ӨıÿһŶСңңĿȥӨ͸£ЩӦڻıȴδڵĺۼ෴ⷽԲǧ׷ΧкĲ֮󣬿ʼʹ
Ƶıٵı仯ȴû䵽ϣǵҶ֮㻺Ư
ָ΢ԺеһĨʼɿж
ļʹ֮󣬿ռѸٵĲһͬǺ·һܿٵĴÿһεĴΧ帲һ㱡ı˪

һ֮ҶΧν·ǻһΧѸٵۡ
Ƶıٶʵ̫ˣҶǴ˷ͬĽǶȿʼеģﵽٶ֮󣬿Ѱ֮޷Կġ
͡
з˼ٵĦҶٴ΢¶˷ܵɫ
˪֮סҿɡ
䡭
ؼԪһԵǿеƿԵɼ̶Щپۼıڵγһʮףף׵ıɫף
ԼĿԿõһڿĻӰɫ߷裬ŭ˻·̫ŵһֲ
׵һֻ޴澲վţֻһУԴԼһ塣

߼ޣ
һаצͨǿ߶޷Կǿֲķǳ˳ĿֲΪԷֻĻ³ɳΪ˼Ҳܵġ

˿ֲĴڣҶȴûκεķ㱻׾ٵĸ㶨ҶѾǸ˵ɼ㿪ĲѵСˣڿԼ˵ľ֮ȴҲ̲סһ˷ܡ
˪֮ףȫĸԼϵıԷֻǽ뵽ҶĿƷΧУ֮ĸӦѸٵĽɱף̶ıһ֮Ǳ׸
ûбľ춯أӲܺͱǰĻأһȴҶ൱ģΪĵʵٵĺܡ
ҶȫĿɵʩչʮΡ
һʹõĻ̶ĲϸĽƺȫĿԺǿһצ໥ѾǵյʱˣʱϵǺ뽫ǿ񱩻ԵҲһ
ߣ⣡
Ҷܹ̬ȵҲֻаˣȻӦҶѩǹ֮ĹϵȴԵ൱أʱʱĻҶҧгݣǻʱȴֲɱ㸴ӵҲ°Ҷ㲻ˬĸı䡣
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Ҷ뿪֮зɿͬˮһһһλžװŮԳԼӰ
һ΢΢ĿУ漴¶һĨζЦݣ΢УһĲʼӿ֣λŮӵӰҲ漴ʧ
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ȵոյ䵽棬һԹĽ߳漴ĴҶ϶ʱĶһĹĵСѾͷ
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˿ǿҶѾʼԽСƺһĨʤĽ漴Ĳ˵
ߣʦأôεʦ𣿶ԼĵһĲ֪ȥʲôˡ
ʮԹ֮ʱν൱У仰֮Ҷ켴Ƥٺ񣬵ȴҲ˵ıŪΣȷʵԼ൱Ĳεһλʦ
΢΢ĿһСҶЦ˵
ʦʱȽϵæµһЩȹҴȥ۶úõô
ѪҶȷʵǸо˿Ƿ٣ϾļΪԼӵԵʶģȻñѲԷڻʮ䣬䱾ӦǸúˣʱ̣Ǽ֮ȴһֱߣȷʵǿˡ
ģ
СԵ¶һĨ֮ɫ
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ҶΪЦСһԴϾһ
ߣı֣һŪҵͷʹ˵ˣһΡߣ
С˿ĲҶӵ˵
ǡСѾͷƬӣ˭ʦ𰡣ȻӽʦĲΣȻûȫͻƣȻѾǽӽˣСһʡ
뵽Щ֮Ҷ̲ס¶˾㵵ɫ
ʦǿ൱ǿĳ̶ˣͨҪﵽεĻҪķѴʱ䣬ʲ׵ҪﵽεĻҲöʮ꣬ǶҩȻ˵ѪߵҩҲֹΪ˱֤ĸҶһЩԪĵҩЩЧǿĵҩȴʹá
Ѫڵ仹ʮ꣬Ҷ쿪ʼˣԼʮʱΪʦԷĳɳ˵ñĳɾ͸ǿ
һѩϻۣһСһﰡ
ʱһĻﻺش˳Ȼ䣬ȴûκεаϢ֮Ҷ϶ʱ¶һĨЦ⣺
֮簡
ʵϵĸıȻҲϵı仯ڵҶѾ㹻ʸ֮Ϊֳˡ
֮ƺûҶĻһѪصĿţһġ̬Ǹ̲סĽ䱸
һﲻǴ˵еĹɡ
Ҷ̲סĳ鴤һԼ˵һ֮ȴٴεĶС˵
СһҵĵӰɡ


434 ٣
˵ϸ磬ٻﰡ
ҶЩЦõĶ֮˵
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̬ٲȻѾҶȫӵˡ
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ѪԼǺÿüëĶһ֮
ܹһλǿ߿ϣǶҫ⻹ǿԵյӣȻһ֪ĻԵĿĽˡ
ڳ˵Ǿˣּ㹻Ĵﵽɽ춯صЧһ֮ϻ϶ǳֹĶ
֮ٵ¶ֺõɫѪ̬꣬ƺڡţ
ǵģҶҿ϶Եǽš
ߣСӲصȻҵӣϷܹ׵ĳֵĻһƵĳˡ
̲סüͷ˵ԹӼֱںԼƣ
Ҷȴ¶һĨЦѪʣǿǼŶ޷ǿʣһʮʱﵽʿƷ۷壬һֻʦĲΣʾһ׳ҲԿóġ
Ҫ
ȻСľܾ̬֮ȣǹϣҶʱĿʼ΢Цͷ
ιιιҿֻ֪Ҫҵĵ£ԵĿԳΪһλǿߵġ
ҶһĺߣֱǺԼʶǸ֮ŽȻͬӡΪȷǰһȷľĻҶҪԷƤ˺ѵ뷨
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СһҪ۳ˡ
Ǹİ϶ɣĻţһڵģһһѧ϶ĵ޷ӳԼʵģСһҰɡ
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ѧԺУʱѾʼϸˣ洦ԼѧԱѾʼͰĽһڵĻᡣ
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ѧԺУҶȻķ֣ԼѧԺƺҲΪİϹ֮⣬ȥĵطѧԺĺɽˣĵطӡǲô˽⡣


߷֮һǲϵõһ֣Ѿ˵ڶݵϢˣȸڽֵڵ֮󣬱ҪǰؾҪǰȸҲҪһʱ׼ˣʱ仹вʱ䣬ҪͼžۣħҪԽ֪ڵʬ뽫ҷԸôˣ
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435 
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࣬㿴ô࣬óһǧ֣
Ҷüͷ΢΢ˣЩ˵ʵҶǰϲ࣬ǴЩҵ̬㹻ĳٵĲᣬҶ첻ɵİԱЩٵĸ߼ѧԱǣֱС
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436 
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Ҷɫݺݵر仯ǵģֻϢܹһʼʱо˵ľ˺ϤҲֻԼΪԭʼĲŻԼļѡ
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ߡ𣿵ǱҲҪ㣬ѾԭˣյǸûԼӶػ˵ĽѾˣһλᣬǵǸһҲģѾСӵϴӡֻҪ뵽磬Ǳа취ҡ


437 أأ
ߣ˵ĺСӼȻǸһĺˣӦ֪һǼһ֪㾹ȻȥĴкˣΪԼб¿ԶԸ𣿾̫ӣǲҪĽ뵽еĺá
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ߡҪˣУȻ˵СӵʺõĺܣǻûдﵽǧͿԳʥĳ̶Ȱɣ컯ȴᣬҲСӵʵﵽ˽뵽Ǿʸ֮󣬽Ҿȳһõ顣
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438 Ѫħ
۾ȻҲӭӣСӵݹȻǽȵǿ󰡡
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ߣǿ˵ⷲȨ㲻ʲôˣϾھԵǰһж޵Ĵڡ
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֪СҲҪ˵ģϾֵˣ·ȴ֮Ǹոյ˵һҪԼıģһʧĻⱲӿɾ군ˡ
ıȻҶ֪Էڵ˵̣Ҳδ¶ŭɫ෴ȻĽܣ
İͷ֮ҲŸոյᵽԺȻҪӵŬˡ
װĵ˵ͷԼŮӿʼ֧֣ϾҶ̫ЩڿĻҶȻᣬȴ߱ЩˣʱҶʱνԽԽ˳ۣȻǲʱһ
۶ܳʱδˡ
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ǰСӵʿν൱ǿᣬȻСȴҲǺĺðû뵽ǻĶҪ磡
ôɿԴﵽģʦؽķôʱͻƵһǻԵɺ֮ͻƵģûлԵĻǿ»лġ
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һƬݴУӰڲϵľһǺݵʹȥĴ̶ߵһԣʮλʬȴһλڼٵĴϢţϵȴԵ̫أԼҪͼֹ໥ӰȴҲ
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һô۵֣˵ѪħֵĻĳ̶ȴΪ֮𶯵úܡ
ѪħǵĴţһΪֵ֣֮
ԭһλʵ΢ޣһСİһСͷĿһżȻĻȴõһλǰĴСħѪ
⡶ħѪϱ㹻ĿԷһּаĹ̶̵ʱУһλ߽뵽ʿĲΡ
ʱﵽ̶ȵĻҲһѵ飬ǵȴѾʮĳ̶ˣ½ʮһʮҵ˵ĻҲֻ궥ˡ
ҪȥıԼȴ൱ѵģˡħѪ֮һԵĸı
ⲿʳ˵ѪΪĸѪԽ࣬յԽ࣬ʵıԽ죬ԭֻһ۵СӺСµµΪʮ֮ȴǡħѪ֮ʼı
ԭСһδεʳѪ֮ԽԽ󣬶ԸԽĹŹϲŮνˮƾʵԽǿ֮õŮҲԽԽֻ࣬ҪϵŮǶԷĺ̨ǿ󣬷ĻԵҪŪ֣Ȼ裬ȵ湻˶Է֮ȥʳԷѪҺ
ΪħټΪ˹ֵаɱô֮𽥿ʼѪħҲ𽥵ıע⵽ˣһȻӴ˲٣ȴδıǽСĵϰߣ˼Ҫɱ˲ȴҲδıֹ
Ȼ˵Ǳǿеռˣǲò˵Ū˴Ů֮һֶονǿĺܣڵ档
ĶµѾ˿˿ĺΣȻɵķƲסȴ𽥵ȻѾʼ˵ƿС
ˣаɣĻͷĽгɣ㿴˻￴ء
Щֹס仰֮󣬽ʱһȴԼķһ˫ߵ˫ĿԼʱ˲併һ̵һ˫ȴһ㿪ʼеλѸٵĶ
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ʹţȴƭʼ׵ˣһյʱѣ㽫Է׵۷߳
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ѪʣʱʼͽӲڵȴ¶˷ܺͷЦݣ
ȻŮ˰Ϊζʱ̱ǰһСٺ٣ԼŮԼǰǲر˷ܰǲûгԹ淨ǿеĽպͱѰĸоⱲӶ޷ġ
ڵѪȥȴڶ˼֮彩ӲˣȫǱģ
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439 ؾޱ
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׵ħһħһʼĿʼڿзʱһλҵ˵ĺӣǺɫǰϵķ΢

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һֻص˼µƣǧ׵ĳ̶ȣ˼ĳָ̣иǴа񲨶֮ΧһжΪޡ
ҲƵĳ֣ǿеĽһƬհ֮ء
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СӣղźǺܿˣȵæµ֮Ҳʱ򣬵ʱ򣬱ǿĵĺúģȴŰɡ
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ֱ֮ѾʼĲԲ׵ĿռоȻȫıɫƬѩͻأðҶĿпʼѸٵĽΧ

΢ľ漴֣ҶȴѾһѽٵıߡ

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һҶȴΪԲˬ֮ڶԷǰȴûκεãĶ˿ûм١

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Ҷ̤ռڶһ߶ȻһڣͻȻʧصĸо˿о˲֮ѸɢһĿռ֮ڡ
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ΪӲ֮ʯȻҲʼ˲٣׵ĻӰʼٵıţĻצɵĽʯƬĴ顣

ϢʱĴҶﴫҶıҲĿһĽϣԴһصĦš
ŰȻ㣬Ϊص㲻ԣҶҪ椸͵ˡ
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ŮˣȻһŮˣһǾɫŮҺħжǺǰһ޶ǿᰡСӸһöԪĵҩʱĺܣĵҩΪ䣬ѵȴǵԵֻ֣Ҫ˱Ժȷĸ㣬Ⱳ㹻ʳˡ
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ΧϢѾʼԽԽǿǡħǾı仯ӵͻȻҲҶоħܿܺԼĹйϵ

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һҵȭͻȻĴӶԷת˲俪ʼ˳


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΢΢˼һ֮Ҷϵһ߶漴һĳ۸飬ٵĻһոµĺɫۡ
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һеһҲΪ˱֤ħ˿ҲΪ˱֤󲿷˵档
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ˮ˵ϻǲԹӵŭʣڷߺԼܣԼŮźڽ裬Լȴûа취ȥȡ˵һӵ衣

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˵ЦзǴųζӼƤٺ񣬵ȴҲ̲סһŭ⣬ڽǵʵѾʿĲΣԼҪͶԷӲӲǾоҲģֻýԹѹ¶˴֮ɫ˵
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ⳡ޵ȴ޷˿ﲻϵĳţǾʱһҫƿ͵Ĵ˳

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һ̣һǹȴݺݵرҲʹ


451 ɱ
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˫ĿǾ˵ɷֱǸԭƽӹԻˡ

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һɱһλʿǿߣ
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Ҳ׷Уһλźɫ۵Ӱһֲ첻ٶȳ˾롭


452 ɱ
ħ쵰⵰۵ļ䰡һﵽǿռд˶ٵʱ䰡еĵ·Ϳʼıˣ쵰
һλɫ·ⲽһɫĳ΢ƮɫĳһŲ۵ټɺɫͫʵЩ죬Ǿһ꣬ȴʱĽ䣬ԺʵΪĲϡ
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ΪԹޱȵĴϴ˳дһĨȻϢĸоȴзһֹŹֵĸоļһֻɫﲻʱצϵķҧڣһԱɫĴ۾ˮģԵøɰ
겻ˣҶ죬һֱٽֿܹڿɼڵǺεΣħǿռȻѾһʱˣڸļ䣬Ҷ˺ܳʱ䣬ȴһֱδҵһ䡣
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ħ֮УʬĹħΧУһصҶУʬţƾŶԷǴħҪ뵽ﶼ൱ѵġ
ٴεҧһöԴԴһֵĵҩҩºͣﴫǵҩѾʼܽһһıûȥ
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ŶԷüֻ·ǻһѪɫͫףҶ첻ĸоԼüһʹ·ͫԼһ㡣
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͸ǾͷͫҶ·һѸٵĴԽ谭һɭĿռ䡭


462 ѹ
ǿǳʼƵʼѸͶҶ΢Ǿͨǧǳ۲֮Ҳѷ
ǧǳ֮ʱѾ޷ƵıɫĹ⻪˸İΧסҶ壬ҿǳȥԺ֮Ϊصĵط֮һҲ¼Ҷǳ֮ĲӶʼŨ쳣ȴҲܹĹ۲쵽е
˫ĸҶȻվһɺԺһֿ쳣ѪɫħۣʱĿ뷢Ʒĵһ𣬵ȴֲǼ򵥵һһһݵġ
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ҶôоǴһֵ٩ζȻԼⷬڶԷǰһˣĲ˶١

ĺȵΧԪȻıǿסҶĿռ䶼ʼҲѡ
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δȵҶ췴Ӧһ޷谭֮ȻĽҶĶϣ˿ٵı뵽һƬ֮С


463 ߰׹ǰ
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֮ĽӴ֮ҶȴȵķЩȻԼԭ²棬һֹŹֵ
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ڶεħȻǱѰ


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ɱ֮˲佫ΧĻʼת
ū׹ħԵĻħ֮˭ǵҷԲˡССħǵħūǽɱ
ԷԼĳνҶҧԼͷǰһһĹԹԵģ׹ħԡΪ𼶵ǿߡ
ͷҶѾ²ǰ֮˵ʵֲ쳣˵ȴ̲סһϲ;ȡ
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ħ˵ⳤԺɡ
ǻʱϹʵһ͸Ҷڸ̾ĵ˵ͷ


ⳤԺʵһǿҲҴ̹ħΪ֮ɵħѵĵһֵʸϣ˵ĺܣūţԷһͬģ
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ҶһδӦȴһɿӿԼܿƵĿʼŶԷ˹ȥ
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ħˣĹתūԪɡūǺħˡԵħΪħ˶ġ
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һԪʱҶ˶ŨԪΧ⻪Ҷ·һѪɫĺһ㡣

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ħ۵ĲԽԽǿҶĿʼԶƯ˿Уʼſȵı쾹ȻҶչ˳ȻδȴҲ൱Ŀˡ
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Ȼ˵ҶܹԷ϶ݺݵرһǰİ׹ħ𣬶ԷٲȻǽʵĲһԴûа취ȷ϶ԷǷԳһݴ

֮У׹ħָ΢΢ĲڵĻһӵġ֡
һʱԭڷڵĿռ侹ȻȻĿʼƽ
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һֻһԺɫҲҶı󲻶ϵХŭİԵϢҪڸǣڿ׹ħʱһͫжŵĲм
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467 
һöŽɫâĹӣԼһġdַţöɫӾȻѩǹλá
ʱҶȻʶģȴҲ㹻ʥĹâԼӵӷΪԼõһȨӵеĲ
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漴еǳһ˲ʱ￪ʼǳ֮ޱȰԵĽΧѸٵĸ뿪ȻҶУ

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һʼŹֵĲĳҶϾȻνĺڰħʥĽɫâȫںһĸ漴·بŴѪеĸ
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Ҷ̬Ǳɱ꣬ȫȻԹĳһ̬ʥϢǷ·بŴڣĥվʥĴʥһ㣬Ͼһ˿ۻࡣ
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ת֮ħǾеħ棬̫֮ħٻ˹
ҶٴεĿһƯڿͼƿڷɳһöΪڹʥĹҶָ΢΢ĶйɵķɵҶС
νĴڹʥ齫صļһչߵһ˿ʥİȻҵΪʥаĽ壬ħʵĵزһԭ谭סˣԺħĹӵеƽΪޡ
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ĵĺںɫռΪħ൱ֲĹźҶ߲൱ãǰ߿Զ̾Ĳ˲ƶЧʵǿ㹻ĿԻս뵽ǧľ룬ȻҶĳ̶ҲǿԴﵽ׵ľѡ
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зǴһĨ飬һֲĺ֮ɫ

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ֲĻХ֮ǽϵĺƴЩĲ΢΢Ϣ֮ȴǻХ֮һķ
Ҷľٴε֣ڿҶľ벻Ȼдȴû˿˺
ǰУʼħӡʼѹľŴħȴһڿҶԴ˲䣬ȴҶǿ񱩵Ļ֮û
Ѫ˺֡Ըͼھôʱ֮ҶʵҲͿʼĽѪ˺֡ΪҶѧϰĹҲ˳Ľ¼ӶҶҪĪ
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ռ俪ʼٵĲĿռ䶼Ѿγһʵʵߣ·һֻѾҵ˼µĹ

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ǲһӵʱУҶĴ˽ǧεĹ
羢ʵԽǿᣬľҲԽǿ
̣ǴеӰǿĺܣ
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Ц⿪ʼٴαǣħۼٵĲ·Ҫڿ֮УҶȴ뱩¶ħۣɱﵡ
ǽй¶ϢȴѾŴħϵнп
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·ǵөɢ˿УͬʱŵӰȴĵ˳ȥѪȾһĨ̺졣
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Χĳȫɢˣźɫ۵ȴѾЦĶŲӣȻ̬òӵбΧıϢ
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ŵڲеľŴħϣӵ̲סİԽһ
ǵģŴħϣͨһ£Ӽ޲ͬ໥Ļ֮ںһ֮ﵽǿ߶Ҳˡ
ǽȴκβһλ꣬Ǻε顣
ߣ֫ٺаԵתһȦ֮ҶѪķʼȶϵĻâʼ΢΢
Ҳ뵽ʧǧµĵһħħ쾹ȻᱻҶ촫Уһ׹ħ֮󣬱ԷһǧԪĿը֮ħļʹ󲿷ֵĹжѾȻء
ħӡȻǿᣬȴҶնԷȱݡ
ԡѪ˺֡ӲӲǿеĴݻٶԷһƵһ㣬Ҷ˵ǲܡ
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һڿڵѪӶԷŴħϵ΢΢໥վ޷ŵɫԵøͻ
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һ̣Բεİɫ׵ȦȴܼĹâĲٿأҶĳǹ͵ǰһӣ
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󱯡ϵɫһ䣬վ˲ӵǰ
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͡
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Ȼ֪ԭ򣬵ҶȴоЩ̫ʱͿʼǿ֡
Ҳһ̣һŭ쳣ȴı
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һԻɫĻӶţŶԷʼݡ
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ҶȴԴδй˿ĵ֮⣬ۼǿҶ춼Ӵ֮ӲӲĽ֣Ȼ˵ҰЫβ֣֮ҶǰʼǼɵȴδ¡
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ڿ˵ĳ֣ħʵѾʼԵŭݺݵؿһҶ죬Եżŭݺݵ˵
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ŭ֮˷·ǵһ㣬Ȼڵȥ˲͵

Ĵ¿ʼΧһгʼɢһΧĻҲʹչ˵ǰ
ӽԲǧ׵ķΧʱѾһƬķ棬ԴħΪģѾγһԲεͼشɼԲģڵλУһԵ쳣ԡ
ⴵħҲվ棬ƾΧѾƻһԲ̬ȴȻδˡ
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ֻҶԷĿƣѾҶܶ࣬Լһֵʮ֮˾ŵʵʵڵĴҶצ档
ȻҶĵֿȴɱԷ˳ȥ
ȻϿҶûжٵ쳣ǴһͲʹȴڸҶ죬Լܵһ˿ˡ
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һССǿߣʼݳֱѾǿˣȴûһи㶨ôħʵεƽ
ò˵ʵǳҵԤϣû뵽СС;ȻԴﵽ̶ȣʵĺǡȴӲҵģ
ħĶҶ죬˫Ŀ綾ߵͫҴ
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ʲôУǵۻ軨ĵزǱء
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˫ĿɱŤתɱ⼸ҪγʵʵĹâˣȴҲ˫ĿһĴۡ
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ײУʼʵٴǿӲ̬ҶײУǰ˿½ϳ˵ңǺȴʮǿ
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΢΢ĻӶһԼϻַ·Ҫ˷ȥĸоҶ˶ƿյζٶȵļӳٴεҶаϲ
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ﵭһͺҶ徹ȻٴεĻһ㣬Ӱδĳ֡

еĿҲ൱µһУǶڵҶ˵ɵúܡ


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ڣǰĿе߾ȻӸĻһûзأ
ڳǲһλðĸо൱Ĺء
λϵͼٵĶЩеȻʵ΢ʦĳ̶ȣеҲǸող뵽ĵزҲΪʲôǻⴵħʸŭҶȥԵʣǼЩɴڣȴҲ޷ӰЩϹǴħоľ飬ǵ۹ȴҲ޷ǰһС
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˸һʼΧٵĲ֮һе谭ĩ
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ƻӶŨܵ˼µʵʵҶĽһźݺݵسҶ˹ȥ
ɲǸղŵֲοԱģΪһѾʼԼĴ󲿷ʵǡȫ
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ٵĦð˳ҶУѾʼûɢԼǲϲе˫֣ʱȻ˵ơ
ѪĿʼʳղŶԷһΪҶ˫ֵֿĻҶȷԼ»ҡ
ħʵɫ֮ɫһԭῡʱѾĺˡ
ͷȥǰȭӡɼȻǸղҶʱµġ
ǺǡðõĺܣѾ߰δˣȴû뵽Ȼ֮߰һСˣܺð
Դӽʼ֮㻹ǵһڱºۼˣСӣʻ޷Сˡ
ȭӡħʵɫŤУϵƳ𣬱Ѿϲ䳹ĲϷ̶Ħ
ڶԷǿֲǰħʵٴεת·һıһ㣬Χһȫ顣
˾˵ƺͿµȻǧ֮Ҷ̲סĲһĨ⣬ϵڶԷӰǲĲǺָܿԭǱԭӵĿ¡
һůӳ֣Ҷ֫ٺʼ˵ŨԪ׹ħǧԪٴεıҶһ֡
ڳȻ棬ȴޱȵĿⴵħʵǰѵĳ棬һȭӡ
ʱһڿڵ
쾹Ȼˣ
λԺĳ̲סɫһ˵ٴεĿʼڿҶҲʼΪĹŹ
̰Ƽɵ
˵۹ҶûвʱˣڵֻȫǰĴħʣԷϵ㹻ĽԼڵĿռ䱻ѹһƬƬռǺˡ
ȸơ
һ֮󣬴ħͻȻĺȵ
һλϵɫȴ̲סĶﶼڰԵ˵ʲô΢ĿԷ໥˵
ȸƣһﾹȻ似
ӵɫʱǿԵγˮȭͷݺݵһ𣬿Ŵħļⶼʼ鶯
쵰ȸƣһﾹȻ˽ˣҪһֱĵ𣿡
ԪתҶȻѪʵȴѾȫǻָϵʼø˳֫ٺͶж΢ǿʮ㡣
Ȼսǳɳ;
ҶԾԾԵĶŶԷЦһ̣һֻ׵ȴѸٵĳҶϮ˹
ǵصָȻֵӷһֻֻȸԴ
ָָȻԵøӵ֡
ʱһˣħҲóˡ
оΧĿռоȻγһݣҶ¶һĨ


480 Ĵ
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ѾߣǵصѹǾ˵ľңޱȵӭҶϵƿʼŷ
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ѩǹٴεĳҶУĶ֮һдǹ⿪ʼƺˮһ㣬ڳȴ̲ס¶˾ɫʲôҺ壬Ѿռ俪ʼ
׳գȻͼҵĿȸ໥ײ
ħʵаԵһϲе˷֮ܺѾʼɡ
Ҷǰ׳
𰸵ȻǷ񶨵ģ׳ջʮΪһλǿǿ𣿰׳ܹӵнյĳɾ
ħʵǰ̬ȻҲûбҶŹȻԷڵ뷨
Ȼ˵ʵǿĺܣҶʵֵĺܣѰǿҲĶ֣ԵȴǱʣȻһӣڴƿعȵĸЩҲΪָҲŻиõļġ
ħʵаԿĵ뷨֮УϵҲӵĳʵеĶ֣ħϵ似ʱз֮Уʹõĸǿ
޴ǵصĳһǹ֮£ҶѩǹѾ϶ΪһﵽǹһЧ
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޴ȸƵתʽʼһλʼǿߵʹ֮¿ʼȻеζҲǱⴵħȻġ
һʹãľ˰ĲĽҶѹƵΪ͵ĵطʱҶѩǹһһӯκζԷһȸҲǲĺܣѾȫʩչ֮󣬷ڶԷ֮ϳһֻ޴ɫȸǱ˫ĿŰء
Ͷɡ
Ҷ弱ٵıԼ֮ѹƵûл֮֮ϣ˫ֽӡĴħ̲סĴЦ
仯ȴòٵΪ֮üͷԭһһʼĸȴԸһˣʵЩԴС˿ȥʮ꣬ʵûʲôֵýġ
Цƨ
ͻȻһ񱩵ŭ߳ⴵħʵɫһ䣬ȻȻֹǺܿⴵħʵɫȴǺŶԷҪԼ죬Լıˣ˵ȥĻԵħҶ
ҲʱһĨѪɫĹâȴ͵ĴҶ˸
꣡
ǹͦУǹ·ǻһ㣬ƾǾ޴ֿʼѹƣҶĵŶԽǿ
Уǳâٴεɣ⡶ħǾķΪµǳ֮ǴħڵʵȻ߳Ҷüȼ£ȴҲ޷κε˶ԷҶĶֵ˲䣬ǷǹȴѾʼѸƿһƵķ̶ǰ
һﾹȻĴ˴ħʵĿȸƣӵ૵ĵ
λǵɫ΢΢һ䣬̲סĵ
Ǹ˵Ļ˵ƾŶԷڵֶΣҲǿԿģϾûеõǼ죬ҪѹǵĻҲǺѵġ
ͻһ˿թζ˵֮һλΪֵߣΪĵطǲһĳ̶ȴٵİٽصķʵЩֹˡ
ȷûлǰ㱾𣿡
˵ӳߵһλߣ˵ղŵǸǼ֣ڵνݵ˼ޣ·һ̬ȷʵЩˣϸϸĿȥһһ㱡İƤò̬
ߣǿǵһħħ춼δĹĻǱħӵĿֲΪ⡭⡭
ӸҪ˵ȥһɫȴֻɫʼı仯
ȡ
ҶĶͻȻһͺȣеѩǹѸٵ趯УƮȻĸǲ֮ϣ˸ˣ⻹Ϊؼģƿ˴ħʵһǿȸ֮ϾȻٵĲԭֻӨӨһѪɫĹâͻȻ˲仯һʵʰĹ·ǹͨصİһ㣬ֱӵ໥
Ⲩҹǹѹεȵưѵ˵һ˵ģҹĲʵʵĴӴ̹ħķϴģֳѵ˵̹ħĺͶԷĳϵ
ݳϵ
ħʵͫ׼ٵҶϵƱղźֹʮĵزֲѹͺ˵Ĳ͸ղȫĲһΡ
üħۺ֮ӡǷͨ쳹صĲҶҲ·ǱΧסһ㣬Ϸģ״̬
һöɺɫ۾Ķͻأĳ˿УӾƯţ
ħۡ
ħʵɬȻĻɣǸȱţţ㲨ֲζħֻ˭
ħݺᣡ
ֳѩǹǹ⳯£̬Ȼ˫ĿݺЦ·ǷƵһ㣬û˿Ϣڳȴ޲ɴԼ˫Ŀ嶼ʼٵĲ
嫣
ߵϢ
ħе̬
Ҷͬһλĳӵĵһ㣬߰վߣһֻֻɺɫ˫ĿǧƵƯɢ˱ĺ⡣
ңңĿȥûëȻζеֻº𺳣ѹѾﵽһʵʰĵز
ǧƵѪɫ۾ĶǰĴħʣ·ڿһһĮ
ħۡ
ӵ̲סĵؿʼŤ˫Ŀ·Ҫһ㣬ڿⳤԺ˫ĿŹ̬ȭͷա
ħ۵ĳֳ׵Ľ濪ʼŤתҶϵƾԵĽΧǿеѹ
λߵϢҿ¡
ǿڸֲֿܵϢ̲֮ס˫ȴĶ¸ͣ
һɺĶǰĴħʣҶ쵭˵
죬ҵӦѾ֪˰ɣڵѵ˵ҪҶ𣿡
ħʵ΢΢ĲһϵȻһĪɬУɫ˫Ŀǲϵת
ħۣųƴ˵ħµѧǲѧķУħ춼δõħۣСȴ˳ħ㹻ĿԺħееӣҲõʼȻҪһδɵСӣҲ
ԹٴαԹϵĿȻʼٶԽԽ졣ħʺεȵĸ߰ħƿرӦУԺһȺϲ֮޷ԼõӲҪ˵ԼȥһСˡ
ԷĶ֣ҶһĨ϶ԷǲʱԼ˺ģڻǴѶˣ˭Ǵùͷ
ǾҶ϶˲䣬ħȴͻȻ˸ֻһӰһĳԼ

Ҷ屻ݺݵػɳȥһ̣ħȴ˸˾˵ĹâǴħʵεذΧ
ҲϿġ
ħʵĺһصɫ޸ͻȻĳҶĻ˹ȥ

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481 
һֻ޴ѪɫգֱӵĳǴħǵصĴԭħѹĴħʵ㷢ӳһĳ̶ȣһֻ˵ͻأȻ˲ı㱻ǿеĻС
䡭
Ĵħʽ϶ûһҶҪ˳õʱѹƻδ㶨ȴٴεı˸һƵĻʵЩ
žžžž
ֻ֮ΧȻۼǧƵޣЩȫĶ˴죬Ϊ׵ķʬ롣
ڿ˵ĳ֣Ҷɫ΢䣬ȴѾϲ˵Ȼ֪ģһħѾˣһ֣İ൱Ҫġ
ħλǴʲôôˣǿǵõǳԺ׼˭ôģ
˵֮λ̬ӳϣһཱུ׸Ļ￪ʼϵĲʵһָЦζ
˵۾ݺݵصһӣħ޼ʬŭĺһĶ񹥻Ҳ˼ƺڿԼĵʧ
ӳϵһɫװħ֮ͫ׾ҵ
ܵģ㲻Ѿ𣿡
˶ⳤϵķӦ治ѣͬħƿߣǶԷ̹ħĵȴ˵ļɵôȻ̲סһĲ²⡣ǶԷĻݣ˺úܡ
ħûǾֱߵҶ棬ɭȻĶǴħʣʱĴħѾݺݵشѹ˵ϡ
Ǳ̬ղǰȻķ緢֮˿ν֮
ħʡôĵӰ
˻ƣ·ǴĦĲһ㡣
˭Ȼұʵ䡣
ħǿеվϵ΢΢УٴεۣȻǴԼѹסԷ
ҵӦѾ²⵽ˣħһ֣ħѾˣ㾹ȻҺħ˳֣ҿǻζˡ
ϡ
һɫĶ̽Ĵħ޵ٻ˳
̽ͨڣȼźɫ棬ͬԨħһ㣬Ӵ˿зµ
а㣬׽㾹Ȼ
ڿɫĶֵ̽˲䣬ʱħʵɫʼ
һ̣һ콣ȴ·ŭһĳΧѹħΪĿʼٵ𵴣֮λĳ϶̲סĿʼ
ĺɫаΪĿʼɢγһ׵Ŀ½֮·һħһ㼱ȼա
һٵһľ޴ڶԷͷγһ״ʼ
ӦóΪ׽ʣ
ħ޵ϳ˲м֮ɫĶŴħʣղŵĳ֮ҲǺ֮˱ֳ
㡭㾹Ȼɾ֮λ
ɬдһһʼǿܹʵڳ˿ʼ׷׵Ķصħ޿ʼ
ӳϸ弱ٲƺǷʲôµһ㡣
Ƴϣⲻҵ£ҲģǣǱģҲԹģȴû˿İ취ȻҶǸСҲʶˣȻħӣħʼЧⳤԺģPSһBUGʬĹħǺӣħеĹϵ˵ˣǺͺѪħеĹϵ½⡭
Ҷüͷ΢΢ʱȫǧƵħۣƷǷһɺĶ˵ӣħ޼˲ǱĺȫĽԷ
ħ漴ıŷʱǿնʼ޴ĻӰıһȫɺ쳣ɫħһһɫɫľ޴ӰֱڻһһϢǷ
˵ķ޼͵ĸоһɿµϢε·Ҫٲ֮һ㡣
ӣħ
Ҷľ׽ĸˣޱȴŷǷĿϢͬһֻ˯ľһ㣬ʱĶѹ
ħˡħ˶ѾȫﾲˣֻҪħһ仰Ǳ㼴̵ӵ㣬˭谭˵ãǾ
׽ʵû˿Цӣıµľˡ
˵ĵǺħɸλԺĳƿصģдħҲħһѵҪ𣿡
˵֮˲ӣħķ޼ֻ˭˵ҲƳϿȥ̬һ㡣
ҪһƵһʱˣ̹ħĳѾ鳹׵Ťתһȴû˿ľ򣬼ҪҲҪֺԼԺҲ÷ʱ
ʬ롭
ҶͻȻʬĹħʬе
ǵģħ
⹦ȥ𣿡
Ҷ˫ĿһĶŶԷ˵
ʱҶȴǲ֪ԼǺεȵĿֲħһһ֮Ѿ׵ѹסˣħ۾һſѹЧȻڵҶ컹δӳħ۵ȴҲ㹻ˣҶĻʬ嶼ɵһ
ǵģħȫķȥˣħС
Ҷĵ˵ͷ
СӣΪ˭һ似ȥֺħǱʸ㣬ûгԺ֤һ֮ˡ˰֪νļһҴߣ
ϡ
׽ߵľ޴ѾγʵʣڶԷƿУʱĲĽһȥ̬
ħʡҪ𣿡
𡭡
һҶȴȻıһʵʵŭ۵糸һĳΧѸٵĵ
ĺӰط࣬ȴطӵĿֲ
ϵĴؼ伳ȡӰ̬Ҳʼ쳣
ɫĻӰԽԽ࣬ΧħһʥҲԽ
Ǻӽʧһɲǵ˲䣬һѩĹâӺɫӰɢ˳
ںӰ̬ʼˣֻһٵǰһɺɫͫڶԷԴϵüλá
ȴû٣ȻһаϢаȴаʥζԭеһɫȴͷϣƣɷʥ
Ӱߴǧɣ㹻ĿԷȻǧƵֱۣÿһֱĶɺɫ۾
ǧǧۣ
۾еĹâ̰а񣬻ߴ߷񡭡
ĹâзȴǸϵһۿȥڱ֮У쳣
üеһöѪͫȴޱ飬ȴִޱȵׯϺʥһָ߸ϵϢĹ£е۾Ŀ¶һֻ۾ѹȥ
ԭˡ
Ҷ˵˵ģָѾ΢΢ĳǷ޼ָ˹ȥﵭ˵
Ķ˺ôȴੲݣңҿ㣬ڴˣҽ㡪У
˵һɺ嫵ĲȻҶϿٵı˳һ㹻ĳԽ˹ٵٵĴҶǧǧ۵ػӰҲ·ܵƿһ㣬̼ıٴεĳŶԷ
У
޼δķӦһ̣һоޱļµȻ𡭡

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482 ħ
֮С
ҶĵĲҽҲ漴ӷ޼ĽǷ·ܵĥһ㡣
ܹһǿЪ˹ĲҽгҪôµĥŻᷢ
ڳˣħ֮˻ǳԺһֱڼ߸ϵĴħʶ̲סĴһ
ļ⿪ʼϵĴӷ޼ڻ
ǵģڻʱķ޼ͬһһܵǿҵ¶ȴ̼ʼϵڻǵİ׹ǲϵĿʼ©ǺԵļǰ׹Ƕ޷Ҵڣɿʼڻ
Ҷɫ΢΢һ䣬ȻǰľɵģҲڵνθﶼʼΪҪȴΪʩչν֮ϵ֮Ȼĺķѵһĵز
Ҷ൱ʵԼˣԼҲУǲ̫Ļȴûа취ġ
ԴԴϵĿʼߣʱѾʧһϵĳ̶ˡ

Ĳҽ·һӡ˵ԺУԭһ쿡ķ޼ʱȻѾһƬ׹̬ԲӿʼѾȫĳΪ˴Ƭİ׹ǡ
Դð˵Һ壬еĲ̲סҪŻ⻹ΪµģڳµЧ֮󣬾ԵѾˣǶƳǿ˵ȴԵЩϾʱԴԴϵܵǿҵĴ֮ʹڵ
ڳȴûһ˵Ҷֽ޼ɱһʹ죬һ仰һ˵ֱ񻰰顣
ħʱǴħʶȥ׵ĶˣеĿʵ̲סһӺ⡣
С
ʱһƺ˳·ǿռ֮һ㣬һȺɫĴͻȻĴ˺ϸϸĿȥȴ֣ᷢʲôռ֮ţһ˺ѵĿռѷ졣
һɫͻȻĳеķ޼˹ȥ
еĿȻǲԶˡ
һԹͻȻĴҶ˳Թ·ԼȨܵ˳Լѹܵһ㡣
𡭡
صȻޱǣǺȴ˵мٵǷ·Ѿ̬ͨڸˣŭˡ
ǷŭˣǵùȴҶ죬ʱ֮Ȼǿеĳһ󲿷֣ڵҶ춼ʼоԼʼݽΪڲǧԪʼܵ˴̼ҶתĻһҶԻᱻζ˸ɵġ
һµĲһɫľҪϮ޼˲䣬һĨѸٵİΧס壬ǧһ˲䣬ڶԷüоʹ˵ļȡһʱ䶼δﵽǷ޼һ»һƬķĩ
ӰĳֿʼҶ徫·ʱõ˼ӳһ㣬йǶϵպƿضﵽһ˼ĳ̶ȣǱԷյԽԽָ࣬оԽǿᣬ·ʱͨĲͨһ㡣
һĸоҲֻ̫ʮѪԼһ˿֮еĸо
Ҷ֪һеһжΪԼħ۵ĳֲŻᷢģħ۵ʵͿЧԼҲһ֪⣬ħԺķӸһδ֪ҶڵԼγɵһֲӰҲһΣ϶ᷢӳΪǿ
õ
ҪһĽ޼ɱȴɱҶһȻҪɱ޼еĹ̲һɵĸоҲǲͬģҶƣԼ
صļһٴεð֮еŭȻǿ֮
˭
ǿռѷҶ쵭˵ȻѾĸоҶȴûнţΪ֪ʱǰ׹ħѾˣһ𼶵ǿΪԼػߣҶŻûжٵԼҪµġ
ܺáȻҺͱϾ
ǡǴǴˡ
ƳϷ·ҵĹһĴʱ򿴴ҶиǶһḬ̃ζΧļҪĳҲ˵̬
ħʵɫٵı仯ƺڼɵʲôǺ׽ȴûжٵ쳣ֻеĺаʼסΧĽԽŨҲźۼĿʼסҶ졣
𡭡ѵ˵
ҶȻ뵽ǰ׹ħ˵λԺصǿߣаԵֹ
Щôǵı仯Ҷ쵹ǲ⣬ȺϹôʱˣȻȡᣬƵĻЩΪҳϵūһԼʧǽΪҰ
ֻǶԷı仯Ҷȴɼ
СӣħۣҾȻ뵽֮۵ĳΣǵһħħ춼δﵽĳ̶㾹ȻԴﵽȻ㹻ʸΪڶεħʸ񡭡
شҶҲһϲĲȴܿ챻һдŭˣ
ǣ㾹Ȼң˵ãҪͽһ֡
ʲô
Ҷɫһ䣬ŭȻ̫ħˣھȻһӰδֵļһѵҴӶԷǷǴ㴹ԼΪĿܣǳԼݣħΪǿ֮˻
ҶεĲȥŭεĲ
˼ǣҪѵ
Ҷ˫Ŀ΢΢΢΢ϵ˫ĿкⱩ
𣿡
Էû˿Ĳ޷Ļҵһ˿Ĺ켣
𣬼ʦǴ̹ħİ׹ħ˼ѾħݣѲɣҪвһ𣿶ħǵõħȫУħⶨ֮ˣĪҪƻµĹأ
׽ʵƽҶڿʱȴҲ˶ԷڵĺЩ
ʼͣЪƺǶ׹ħҲΪļɵǺܿȴһǿЦд
Сӣ㾹Ȼǰ׹ħѹңΪͬ𣿡
˵ҶͻȻܿƵĿʼڷһػӰҲվΪ޷֧ſʼʧˡ
㻹ǲӰ
䡭
ɴܵϢʼ˵ײһ
عѣ·ĩٰı
׹ǣҪҶһβɣΪ΢С
Ϊķŭͬʱٴε
ôܣʵô㾳أ
׹ħĵȻĴ
໥ӣλħӵдˣħ˶ûǿᣬ˵ĴǰҲδţӦ׵ģҵı仯ӣźͶԷϵһĻ㹻һøࡣ
Ͼ磬ӦģǸߣϵһ㻹лġ
ֲϵ໥ʱǿµϢҲ໥ĽҶ֮⣬ΧȻܹǵĽ
ܺã׹ǣһܺõ˵ͣ뾭һ㿼飬ǳɹĻһж飬ⳤԺ𶼿ɹã˵ĻҲǻá
ⷬڳ˶ˡ
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ȻѾ޷ˣҶȻҲҪԺˣõԼˮһա
ħİɣֻҪҴ̹ħһڣ˵ãĸҪ춯ǾҴ̹ħ˱ıûУҪɱʲô˵Ļħлûʲôܹȵˡ
ħ޴ĺȵ
Ļӵɫʱһ䣬ԭɿȭͷҲٴεܽµԴʱ˫Ŀ׹ʢȴزʡ
СӣŲΪֱʹթС𣿡
Ϊķŭƺܵ˶ôһ㡣
СˣǸ߸ϵĴһ𼶵ǿߣҲֻһλŴﵽСεܹȽأ
㻰ʱٴεĴ̼ҶĻڸԼǿѹ
˶ţСδֵʱ˭ǵҸǾ֪ĻһһĻǣĽɣǳԺҲ⡣
ޱȣը׺ƺƵĴʮķΧ·ŭһ㣬ȻԴݺԶȻҲ㹻Ŀڷƨ
Ҷĵ˵ͷһս漴Ĳ˲ռһĻû֮󣬶ʱĵµ˷Ǹоһľ漴ʵС֮ǱĴ衭
Ҷǲ֪ģƾֶȴ˵ʱˡ
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ӰȻǧ׵ľ룬ϲֲֿϢȴǿ˷ָǵʱҶ춼оԼĺЩ
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ҶҪʱһϤЦֻһУһ̨Ĳ׹ħֻ˭
С̫Сˣ㾹Ȼ˵ɵҶҪǿشܣ
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һ˲֪ϹˣȻ۸һʮС
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ֻûǿٵص𹿰ѡ
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һԵɫͫбⶢҶ
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ˣһϹ۸һСгɾ𣿡
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ݺݵһԼĺ˵
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ָͬһĽһ㣬ҶüĴȵֹͣǿµĲȴɻڳĲţҶü̲סĸоһ΢ʹ
ղõҲֻĲΣӦҲ˳޷ܡ
Ҷ΢΢ĵ˵ͷԺ˸޷׽й켣·ߵһָΪһ˿⡣
һ൱ؼʵͬ似ͬڹҲνʽϵתֻһõķʽһϺõ似һ׵ЩǱ˵ģԼġ
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ܺã⣬ܺãӾͿһ㣬ٵûһ˼ıϴװB̬ӿ˾Ͳˬĺܡ
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ҪɹҪжԼʵԼʵĽԼһѧĺԼںһΪԼıܡ̫ʱʱѧеʱ˱ǸѧԼģǸΣͶ䶼㹻Ĵﵽٵأĵز
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һŭΧĵ涼òѣӵķ񱬷úԶԶ
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ʱɫڵһı仯ؿҶһۣ漴ٴε¶һĨЦ⣬Ǿ޴צӺݺݵҶļĴһǣ
ãðӿ㡣һүӦ顣
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ҶԽǰ׹ħȴûһԷģҶĻʵûа취
ڰ˰Ǹ֯Ҳ˵һֱѰЩѪĴк;֮ˣѪʲôȴ˺ڰ˵֮⣬Ҳǲ֪ģǶԷȻܹ뵽ħУѱʲôصĺߣʶһеĵֶιصĺܡ
ʱİ׹ħѾٷҲûɷˡ
Ҷ쿼ǵȴֻħ飬ӿǵԼˣǺڰѾע⵽Լ˵Ƿ˺ԼˣûʵĻǵùľԼ
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ԴԴϵγ˵ɫĽҶȫ޾ĺڰ֮С
粻ű߼ʵĹţֿµ¶Ⱥ޷ľЧȴҶоԼѪҺҪϣǿµı羹ȻͬǼһ㣬ϵҶļܵµĴ̹һĸо
һ̾Ҷ컹˼ʱͻȻħ͵Ĳ岢ѸٵĿʼչǧâ漴˸ѣĹâвſɱ

̫֮ĺƺǲħеĿֲЧʱǵصĳԶӶȥ
ϵѹ˲Ҷħȴδ˵ķ֣Ǻͬһλս˾ĳһ㣬ʱħҲʹ˻Ϊ˾ʤ׷һֻ˺ѵڶ߻صһɱ漴ٵĻڻü֮С
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˱ƵЧҶ컹δӹһЩѪˡ

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ЩѪȻҶӡеҪһЩĿҲʮһֻѪһ֮Ժ󣬶ʱһĲҽ漴ĳˣ˱ƵĻνǿ޷𣬼ǿ֮ҪȥҲҪľġ
ǵһֻѪǻҲ漴ĿʼѸٵӺʱڲǼʱѣƵѪѾΧңңĿȥ·һž޴Ļһ㡣
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ҶĲԽԽԽԽɣǵҶ춼㹻ı˫Ŀ޾Ѫˡ
ҶԽԽ٣γһһ㣬СײʱĹԼצӣİһֻѪѪС׵İ澹Ȼû˿ĵֿ
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ȻŰپʮźһǧǡһ֮࣬еĸıȴǲ֮ı仯

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ٵҶĦſռ仺ֹͣȴ¶ɫһεĽ߲һǧߵ㹻ʵһָǿĸı䡣
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֮䣬ͻȻһɾ޴ΣգϮҶ鿪ʼı
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ĿȥŵɫâҹоȻͬǶߵͫһ㣬ֲԭڰտȥ˵̬ʱѾʧɫĺܡ
Ҷüͷ΢΢ϵԤûʧұԽԽŨ
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һֹŹֵ΢ķȴҶѸٵĲˣһĨ⻪˸ѩǹѸٵĻûҶС
ҲҶѩǹֵһ˲䣬һľȳϢ羢һĳҶȥ׺ϢϢ
Ҷĺһ⴫һҶҲûıѸٵĳγһŵ̬˹ȥ
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ȻδԷӣҶȴҲ׽ǽĹ켣Ҷɲ˳֮ȻԷˣҶҲʹ˵ûпһɲʱ̣еĶѩǹٵǰһ
һǹâֱӵƿΧĺڰһ켣ȥ
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һǹŹֵʱĳ֣һ˲ʱ̣Ҷ߲ȻڴھղŰ׵ľ֮⡣
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489 顭
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˵һﾹȻſԼͣݺݵسʯҶ쿴Է³Ĳǹͷһıкף
ЩȻû˿ַ֮â¶̬ȴʵʾЩеķ̶ȿɼһߡ
Ҷ컹˼ʱͻȻǾ޴ĺè͵ĳҶ쿴˹ȥ
ϣɢһֱү൱ϲζǻһζȴñү൱ϲءʲôζأѵ˵ϴεζǱүԹ𣿳ʲô
Ҷ亹ʱ򶼿ҪˣԷ΢΢ɢϢȻ̲סĸоһ˿
λϢȻҶ첻ԼˣǶԷϢȴЩľ
үˣζֲóԡүʹడ
ǿ̶ֲҶ첻ɵסԼĶ䣬ǰһĲܹ½ȼȥ֡
㡭ʲôﵽʲôطЩһ𣿡
ҶڵĵȵԷƽ̲סʵ
ǶأȫҶǶүޣޣԣүǳޣ
Ҷüͷ˵
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ŶԷ൱ı֣Ҷٴε˿˼ȴʼĲ²ٴκʵ
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ʲôطүô˰үǷ˰޵е޷˰
Ҷһŵĺߡ
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㻹ǵԼ˭𣿡
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үܵ桭ү˭ţ
Ҷһŵĺ߻ûʧһһźѾð˳
һﲻΪʱ̫ˣ´󲿷ּʧ˰ɡ
ҶЩε˵
˵Ӧèɣ
ҶҲ̲סĶһһеĺèʼ
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Ҷüͷ΢΢
һĺëһһĽɫèۣԼ֫צӣޱȺߺƵɫҶ̲סĿʼʵ
˵ķʲôӵģ
ȿȿȡνķΪƯΪˣΪǿʢұΪһķݣǹΪ֮ͷ򥡢߾걳βɫȵȶ˵
ҶָָԷ֫ε˵
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ҶǼᶨĵ˵ͷ
۰ҺÿΪʲôΪʲôүӰүǷţ߹Ķ壬
һһлʱҶ̲סĻ˼Ƥ
үΪʲôأУʲôүожڷһֺζĲ
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ûеȵҶ췴Ӧʱ˱㱻Էһβ͸
ȿȿȡ
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һϮ˵ĿʼĦžҵǿ籼ʵҲǱߣǱŷɱǶԷèβʵһ޸ܣҶ졣
èβͱӦë׵ģǶԷβͻľǼëӣĦĸоֱһ㡣
ܣ޷ܡ
ЩҲͰˣΪħԷĦҲֻЩܰˣǶԷڷɱʱèβͲϵҡΡ
֪ΧɶʯڣǼӲʯڣ治ʱĻ˴ļط
˵ΪʲôҪҰ
èԼıӣһ൱Իı飬°͵ĶȴҶԵһֻųΪ˵è
⣬ԸҶһֱǸ񻰣ڼʶһֻԳԼ޷˵ĺè˵һжǸư
°֮󣬺èû˵
Ϊүϲ𣿵ﱾүѾܾûгԹʳˣȻղųЩһıʥ꣬ǱүɺܶȻСһֱүϲζȵүʱ򣬿ɲˡ
Ҷüͷ΢΢˵
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ϻΪүʳӦøоңʲô˶ԳΪүʳġ
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Լǰʮӵʱ䣬ǰնԷٶȣҶҿ϶ʱ·˵ðصľˡ
֮ʮŲ㣬ÿһ㶼ĴܣѾǰжʮĵطˣΪʲôȴֻпʼĵһʥأ
˺èĻҶԺҲڲϵѰһȴЩʧˣħļоȻûйļ䡣
ǴһģЩһ˵ģǿҪȥģΪʲôҪӳȥĻǸ𣿡
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үòǴӵضʮ߲ȥģǰձүʵԵıµЩ׳ǿ󣬱үһȥΪ˿лŵûУеĻ̵ĳˣ
һʧļһ˵ҪӶԷõԼҪĶȷʵЩѡ
Ҷε̾Ϣһڽг֪֮дʮŲ֮⣬ĸû˽ᣬǺղźķѵľҲ٣̶Ǻè˵ҶҲһ˫ĿϢ
Ȼһ·ĵΪ˵ۣǶ߶˹˵ǳԷ˯ɿ
ȴҶ˫Ŀת⡶ת͡ħǾʱΧȻٵľۼһҶ塣
ɮһӴΧž춯಻һ춯һǧʮ֮ҶŻͣЪ
ȻطɵСӿƺҲͨ˰Ϊʲôү޷ɵأ
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һèһˣȻЩ죬ȴΪȱһ·ȴҲĺܣǺڰ𽥵Ŀʼɵ֮ԭǱè˺ѵʯھȻػָʯϵıкȴεع̶桭
ˡ澹ȻĴڣɣᵽǷҷζˣððٵδԹһˣһʲô˵ҿɾˡ
һضȴֳ˷ش˳һ⻺˸΢Ĺâһֻµ۾ȳ˳
ɡ
һĽͻȻĲһ¶ľ͵ĳȥһ̣һεȻһֹȥû˿ĺۼ
Ȼ𣿡
Էдһ˿ˬζǽײ漴γɵ㣬Էȴ˳
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һԼףԼһʮҵһֻ󡣬ȴĴǧ򱶵ĳ̶ȡ
ֻصİɫצֱڶԷĺ֫Ͷλá
һӲӵĹâڰҲǹâӯӯ˸ڶԷһ¡񲻶ϵźʼѿһķ϶϶֮һ˿˿ĺɫϵ
ڶԷԴϣһֻ۾ǱӵмǶУӦó۾ĵطȴƽ̹һƬ
˳ŶԷıȥؿµζȴʮĺܡ
ֻڶԷı󣬴Լ֮һĵطȻǿе˺ѿ˺ܴһֵ壬̶ȣҪ˵һֻˣǿȴҲ޷ȥֻĽɫȴԵϰΪ
ɡ
һ֣ʱĸȴԼͷݺݵȥһξȻû˿谭ϴ׵ĳ̶Ҳûκε谭
˵ͲܰȵϴεʱжһСͷ𣿡
һصӶԷı˳һֻѩɫӺɫ˶ٵȴ΢΢ЩСɵİɫ󡻺˵
󸣬׸󡣬ΪʧܵĻҲø³ÿնԼͷ֮ȴʲôû
ĸ쵰ҰҴүѵ֪ͷܶ𣿡
ͻȻһ˲ˬŭĺ洫˳


492 è
ûаˣɱҺúõɣѪȻĹͷһĺǳԡ
̰Ϳ·ǹһϴ˳ȥ
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èһŭĶǰһɫڣϳ˴ĸһҲûʲôڵĿͷʼ£ֹǧĳ̶ȣںһʵЩˡ
оΧĿռдȳζҶ̲ס۾ȴһ˶Һ͸ͷڳǰΧ
뵽ԼͷҶڵҵԪס
ҵëҴүˣ
èĺ˵һצͻȻǰҲԷʲôĹâȻ˰ռ䣬ԭĿռ̼Ĳˡ
͡
ѪҺɽԳǷ˵ĺèȻǶڵһɫëΪİϧſٵİΧסԼȫҶ챾ҪģǺܿȴ֣Լ˶Էβϣֵøˡ
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ͷ֮󣬾Ȼٵת
ЩѪҺֳҲ·һһ㣬źèϮȥ
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è˿ûʾȻûй˼ĳŶԷֱӵĳ˹ȥϴʱѾð˴Ļ棬֮ٵȼ
ɫɿγɣȳζҲʹչҶ첻СĵᵽһڣȴоԼȻٵʧԴҲʼѣ
仯Ҷɫʱһ䣬ĳ̶֮ҩǶҵȴҲ޷˿ĸоˡ
ڽᵽһ徹ȻǿҵЧʵļµĺܣҺ񣬶Ϊʳĵҩڵת֮ṩʵĿҶܿҲʹ˻ָ˹
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һĻҶٴΰһУ澹ȻûΪһֻ޴ɫ̬
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͡
ⳤĲȺèĻ棬ٵĿʼȼգҲգ۵ʱѣѾ˻ҽ
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Ѿ쵽˴Լһǧ׵ĵزǧ֮סĴʹ
Ȼ˵㣿滹ֿµǿ𣿡
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İ׸ѵûǴֻ֮ʮŲ㣬ÿһ㶼ǾϸĻֵģ˵ǼļһﶼѾĲˣһļһﶼɵĸɸɾΪں֮⣬Ϊܴڱǿ𣿡
Ҵүң
èһϵĺëʼˣβͺݺݵ𣬵ȴҶסˡ
͵һƵӡ
˵䣬èƵɫ˻ѾݺݵسŶԷɱ˹
棿̬Щϻ쵰ǵϢôܣһôϢӦ漸ġ
˵еļ㹻˵˴ʱǺεȵĺ£ǻеϢҲеһԭ
֪үģȻôôñүε찡
Ұè㻹Ϊ㲻ɣԽԽ㣬Խϣ±ôʱˣ治㻹ԱȵѾΧȫԵĽ档
Եĵ㣬ȴϲʾ
ȥɣүǳôʥ꣬ȥɣɣ
èǽһ񰡣ɫצԽԽ죬ռϵĲжʼ˹ѵĺۼˡ
үèҰèأȫҶҹè
һèΪȻèʱѾٴεıèԽĲʹҲʹ˵ĳΪǺèĳͲ
צֱ֮ĳ̶ȣ㹻һеĻ棬Ҷ춼ǳͬӵл֮ҶȴԼڿַϺͶԷȽϵĻɲһ㡣
Ҷȴ֪طôʱ䣬ҵԼһԻġ
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쵰쵰ҵΪ㾹ȻʮǵΪƴˣ
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ʱȻϷ·һһ㣬ݺݵضΧʯڶ˵Ŀʼһơ
׸󡣬֪ĶôʱˣȻںϣգ汾Ҫģıˣɡڻ
ˣ𣿡
İɫļȴϻ̿֡
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˲˫ն裡
Ҷһڣһɾ޴ȴɿĴӺèϱ˳ǲλڶԷıֻһѤȻɢɫС
èüһɫʰ쵵ë˳ǿյĹâٵĲĪѹ
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ϣ׵ı쭷һĻ澹Ȼٵγһ壬ʮεĹ켣ŶԷݺݵն˹ȥ


493 ɨ
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ռһ΢Ǻܿķ·Ǿۼһ㣬ǿֲĲĳըˡ
èʮն֮Ȼû˿谭֮ٵͣ뵽֮ʱѾ㹻ﵽ˰׳̶ȡ
û˶Էһ˲ҶиҲٵĲˡ
ɡ
ĲҽʼǾ޴岻ϵĲҡͼèĲȱϧϵ˺ʵ̫أȻķվǱǿе˺ѳΪ˴ƬƬ

һޱȻѪⲻϵĻΧʯڣǼӲʯ滮˵µۣϧҲͽ͵ķѣʮʱ䣬ԷҲʹ˵ĺȻأڵϳ鴤˼֮û˺
үġ
èＱٵĴϢèϸ¶һĨʹӣ
ҵȻϺķôʱ䡣
˵èüһظЦĲɫëٴεķһƬεĹâס壬Ҷ˫Ŀ΢΢һȵķ֣ιâıԷ徹ȻʼٵĸɱûκԤƲǲһʱѱ㱻ɵɵĸɸɾ
áñĸоһ﾿˶ٵ飬ϵȻӣȴղɵЩʥ껹ҪһûгԿ
ڶԷ㻰Ҷݺݵطһİ۶Դ
ʱĺèڸ㶨˶Է֮ȴʼ˫ĿŹĳΧܿһСĶѨǰ
һβʱ򶼿ʼԵʼѡ
ûʲôö
ʱҶѾԷɿˣ󱳺ϻ˸ǺܿҶȴԷ̬׵ˡ
ֻǰһֻ޴ķèɦŪһŤԼƨɣһɫβͲϵҡڣ̬ǶҶ̲סٴζŶԷƨɱһݺݵָ
ڶԷԳνķ˵ҶڵĿʼˣʲô˰һֻèһֻƦһĺè
ءöıкܶûʧģԹԵģүɡ
䡭
һٵĴⶴѨǺܿȴǺèβһĻԹԵУǷʴèƨɣҶôôƺ֮󣬿ʼøӷʴء
ζˬ
èǽһ˷ܰ
צ΢΢üϵһز̶ȵĲɫë֮ٴεԴ˵
߰ɡүǰ˵ñүļָΪһֻޣүһҪҵ䡭
˵ҶѾٴαԷβ;
ȿȿȡͷ
Ҷεı˫ĿһıӵԺȴٵĸֳ˶Էʹûʱļɡ
һ΢Ļ֮ʼҶ΢΢ɢ

èԭڻ³ȥȴоԼһٿҶʱȴֶԷĻ֮ĲȻ̲סļ
һĺɫëһ̬ӷ·ǿʲôµһ㡣
ιιιôˣ´½𣿡
Ҷ챻µ̼ˣ˶Էһۺ˵
ð㾹ȻĵַȥĻ֮ˣ˰үҪ֮ѵ㣡
⻰Ҷжʱһε˵
Ҳΰû˽ڹʹ÷ʽҲֻˣЩҲõģҿĳƺõķʽûʲô𣬲ҪõĶࡣ
㾹ȻӱүУԵĲУû˿Իķ˴ˣҪѵ㡣үҪ㡭
һèԵĿŮ֮ʱֳʹĺһҶֻΧβϵһӣ˷·֮ܵһ㡣
ħǷµıǷѾڽԼΧĿʼˡ
һʹĸоʼҶɫɵһ䣬èʵҶȻ޷жϳǾϵģҶֻǼԷĻ൱ȴδ뵽ԷȻҲ˾ˡ
˵ȻԼĻ֮ƿأѵңķڷӵ˵
ô
ȿȿȡ
ҶǿĳԼֱۣһ濪ʼγɣ
ҵĻ֮ĿȫǴѧģȻ˵Լã㽫ĿƷңԼһ֮󣬿ȻһĿȻˣӱƺҲûжٵĺôɡ
èٴε۶ͷϵëһ൱硢ɧ̬ͷ˼һ㣬Ǻܿȴ¶˷ܵɫ
ǾԿɣүһĿھе󹦷УȵȣĹΪʲôүûжٵӡأ
൱ģҶڵĵõԼҪġ
һ൱µĹɹĻԻ֪үĻûдģ
⻰ҶûлɹӽӴΪĹ֮Ҷ˫Ŀ㿪ʼŹΪ֪ԼһξԵ׬ˡ
ȻԼϴһףʵһ޶ףĻӲ˵ʵҲ˱ģнķʽ
ү˵ûдɣ⹦϶ǳ׵ġ
Ҷ첻˵ˣèʱĿʼ
ŶԿɣ˭֪ǲİ
ҶװB˵
㾹ȻһɱүϽĸү
Ҷ컹Ҫ˼ʱ򣬶ԷȴٵĽҶٴβͰè۷ŹĿŵԨһĺɫռ䣺
طȻĻĸӦҲ©֮ģүҪɱ⡢⡣
̬;ʱڵĵûʲôʱĺèȻѾҶıüĵĲɫëһķɧڶ֮ѸٵĻһɫǱȥ
ҶҪķǾһǺܿҶȴԼûа취ʱ뵽״̬ԭǰĺèĿʼʵĴɨ
ֱ֮Ǵݲǿеһ൱ĲʳʲôԵȻȫȥ
ŶԷٴεĽһ³˲ԭڵʱΪһϽ
Ҷζѵ˵
˷Ѱ˷ѣôҲҭ
ҲѹҶƵĺܣЩһֶҶѩǹǻвٶѩǹҪֲĺܣЩȴɷʮϱ㹻Ŀ
ñʮˣоŲˣүҪʣµľŲʲôñ


494 죿
û뵽⿾ⷽ浹ôһְ
èһĵ֮ɫڵϣһβ͸ǿʼڵϲϵɨţĦһƺǺϲָоɨʱһèѾʼЩɢ
һªĶѨʯڵλãѾǵ֮ʮˣͺè˵һӣܹǲ࣬Ҷȴҵ˲ٵһЩֵ
ԽԽһĵزҲϱ߿ԱģԱ£èȻѡȥȡЩ׵ȻҲվֵĲЩ
ǵʮ㣬˵һоȻֻһֻ¹ڴ˴ֻ¹ɲѰ֮ҶֻǺͶԷһ۶ѣ˱Ի굱УȵʱǼһѾèˡ
˵㣬һֻè𣿡

һֻ¹ȵĺèݺݵҶԴϾһô
үǷˣ˶èүè𣿡
ԼԴҶаԵķ̰
ôܣѾĸһֻèһ˵
˵Ļүƺкܴһֵļ벻ˣֻģļűүƺǵʲôˣȻǴսһڵӣǱүʥԼүһֻèһֻߵȣ߹ķˣ
Ҷ΢΢ĵ˵ͷͿʼע⵽һϾܹﴩĽκһ֮ļһҲǶһˣҶ컹Щʣ
ƺǶһƲûжٵĸоҸоʱ뿪Ϊʲôôʱˣ㵽ڲѡ뿪أ
èݺݵҧһ¹˵
үҲ밡ղűүѾ˵ˣүļܵصĴˣұүƺǸѹżѣʱүû취ֻſԼĶѨУĵȴʱ䡣
ʹҶȻҲԷΪʲôˣ¹һطһʵ㹻пһġ
Ҷݺݵҧһ¹⣬һȵٵĺҶںһ˵֮С
ЩһǧʱˣԽʵҲԽǿȻ̲ص޷ģڽļȡΧͬʱϵҲﵽһµ͵㣬øӵĳӯ˵Сӣ
Ҷ΢΢ĵ˵ͷʱѨҶڳһ鿾֮忪ʼ΢΢ķǾ޴ĺèʱѾﵽ˰׵ĳ̶ȣϵĺɫëǿʼúܡ
ȻʱһʵĲһ㡣
˫Ŀ΢΢Ҷ˼µ״̬ȴͰԼӽ
ȻֻèʵǱѰ²ûдĻԭһʵС֮ǸӵǿõЩУȻѾ֮΢΢ɢĿֲϢΪʦоһ˿ǺȻ˵ʵεȻ񡣡
ж˵
ʵ̫Źˣӵкֵܶҵȼǿ
Ҳޡ
ͻȻ˵
ʲô
Ҷ̲סĴ
϶˵
˵Щ޵Ļūҿ϶Ŀжϳģūûǵϸоһ˿޵Ϣ෴ǣԷǾĳ̶ȣ޵ƿҪǿǧٱ޳ӵмߵǻǴзĻǲܴﵽ̶ֳȵģЩһӵ˾˵ʵȴûа취޵ӣǲ̫ܵ顣
ƺԽԽ鷳ˡ
˲ˣҵĿıǹҵ似ģèƺûʲô⣬İҵʵ˺ܶ࣬Էһ㣬һҲ˺ҵġ
ߣúһ
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쪵趯֮УҶͺè໥ĶһۣĳŶԷ⿪ʼ˹ȥ
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Ҷ־ܣݻ֮Уľ֮УŰ˲ͼʼһ·
죡
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֮һжƬƬɫɳҶͺèߵٶȸǿʼѸ͵ļӳ֣һԿɲ۾ҲĿ
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Ѱܣܣɣ
ü֮У֮ٴ˸е֮УһоȻҶ̼
һΪ֮֮ۡ


506 һƬ
֮УǿռеҲʼֳԼ̬
ɫ壬ص˫ĿаצʺɫëӺħԳΪƣȴŰ˰޵
ʱǲϵڵϣ·զԼľһ㣬Ҷǰһ޴Ӱɢ
֮ԽԽ࣬ҶıݹûٵػӰٴεչ˳һȴϴθʵ

Ӱһ֮УɵϿʼ
᳹һ־֮УΧЩص￪ʼĲҽ
ǧǧĿںϣӰ·ǸоЩĴڣһֻֻħݺ۳ҵıɺ֮Уһֻֻﱻǿе˺ɡ
⾫֮У֮ۼγɵĺʼϵķĲ֮Ũĳ̶Ҳʼǡ
Ű˲ͼϵķһ⻪Ű˲ͼҶȻûգڵѾľٴεĲĵزŰ˲ͼƺҲʼ𽥵ϿҶĶݡ
һ˿޵ϵҶѾоԼѾķŰ˲ͼĲˡ
Ϊ߹ݣ֮־ַ
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һҶĶ߻죬֮Ĳ֮У޾ʼɨһ֮һнԻΪаĲ
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ǧƵ֮Уռ俪ʼ׵ıߣҶıèѾȫʧȥﶯֵĻᣬֱӵĸҶ쿪ʼɿǰǶҶʵȴԽԽ
ܵĺɫڵҶצ֮ʧҶͺè߳ûٵǰߡ
֪͸˶ٲĿռ䣬Ǿһ̵ʱУһ쳣аϢͻȻĿʼ֣޵Ŀʼƶ
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Ǹһȷʵһǵǧħɲʲô˶ȥģһεħħҲ˿µһ˴̼;յĵطС˵߳ʱ򣬻ﵽһεȵľ硣
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ҶԽԽ죬ǰһƬصڷɿĳһʼȥٶ֮쳬
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Ҷüͷһ壬ԺжʱĳһµӰЫβ
ⲻЫβһֻ𣿵ҼǵҸĴ˺ڶУû뵽Ȼˣôأһڲϵƽ
ҶüͷԽԽյ


507 
үһ쳣ԤС
è̲סüͷ˵

Ҷ״ںèиоһ˿־ϢеĽ䱸ʼø
ٶȿʼԽԽ죬Ҷͺèľ֮ҲʼԽԽŨ
⵹ߵСȫǰһƬĿռ֮УһаĲһֱڲϵ׳š
ٶ̫ˣǸûа취϶Է
èٴεĴҲʼЩΪĹǿԭ
Ҷ΢΢ĵ˵ͷ
Ҳʱ򣬱ϻͻȻıһٵ֮
ѤĹâɿ˸
һĸоʼϻ𴫵ݵҶУһֲʡŭԼ߰Ϣ
ģϻȻֲ
ҶΪ˵ҲʱҶҲ¶һĨʣɵĿХһ
ģȻһƬû˲ٿصˡ
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ڲһҶʵѾȵؼԦƷĲΣԴӡȭ֮󣬶ƿҲﵽһ˼ĳ̶ȣССһƬ޷סĻҶҪѪˡ
ǾΧס˶Էʱ̣

һͻأ𣬵дһɳͰԵһ֣һ̣Ҷͺèߵȴʼı仯
ԭڲϷ֮еĺɫͻȻĿʼٵĲ֮УҶȴԷݺݵһ

·޲˺ѵһ㣬ǺɫȻҶʮþȵİΧˡ
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ҲΪǿһˣϢȴֺܿӵпռƿصı죬ȥĻǸ޷ͶԷԿ

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ﶼһֲͬѰļž֮С
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508 ޷Կ
߰ߵѿռ䣬γһööƬƮ֮УȻĴҲʼٵڿա
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ͻȻĹâͻأĴ˫Ŀм˳գٵҶߡ
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һȻѾﵽ̶ȣ˿µĸı䣬һֺεȵ磡
޾ѹ˷ӿѹ֮£һ޴ĸɽʵʵѹ£Ϊĩ
Ҷĺʼ²ά裬Ĳӻ̶ļ١
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ԽԽ죡
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Сӣ׳գһֻССĳ㶼κβ𣿡

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509 ΣΣ
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ͷʼѵĴ˳ҶɫѾʼ׵ı仯
СӣʵǺǿ󣬶ҲǺĶأǵҸоһֱ֮ΪвζǵģвĴҸов
ǽɫͫз·صһ㣬˸űϢû˿Ц̬Ȼ˵ĻҶ˵൱϶
ܹһֻ̫޼ĸֿ佱ƽĻԵĿ˵ĽǵʱҶȴôҲ˲
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ȫĻҶϣ˫ϣ˫ȭϡ

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512 ¥
һɫĹâ쵽׽ĵزˣֵһ˲侹ȻٵĶգɿ

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ܵ治ҶʼøʢҶϵĺˮȴðÿһεðδȵȥ㱻ȵ˲
ʱĺèȥһͨʨӹûʲôȻղŵʹ˲СϢ΢Էè΢УǷЦʵҶһֽһȵϺݺݵĶ弸ŵĳ嶯
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514 
ƶ֮У֮ˮһĿʼƬռ֮˳ҶĶ·ûκһĿʼ
ǿռ֮𣿡
Ҷ¶һĨ֮ɫ˵
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ٶȱԭӵѸͣ
Ҷ˵˵µ߲Ҳ漴һǧ֮ļӳֺεȿֲʱռ֮İҶƾԼʵԿ˲ɱǿߡ
ȻֻƷΣֻҪӵռ֮ҶţԼȫĿԴﵽӲӲĳƷ۷ǿߡ
ռ籩
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ħڰ˵ġ֪ǲҲҰ
Ҷ¶һĨЦݣһƾӨɱ⻺γʵһʼߵĺè̲סԴ
үʲôûеõĵôҺÿ

ֵΪĲ˳ѾǼƻ֮棬ڶѾȥˣÿѯʲֶԺΪɣڿǲһˣǵλѾָ𼶵ʵҲ𲽵ʧȥˣƺǸøش˰ɡ
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ӵɫ΢΢һĿһ۱Ĵ󱯺Ϳϣ΢΢ķŻЦ
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ҪԸԼҵħ𣿡
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үģүڳˡ


515 ɱ

·һ˲ΧĿ˱ޱȵϢеסһ㡣
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ԵͬʱȴҲ˵ðһ˿ȣ뵽ħĴУǿҲ̲סĿʼˡ
ҶǱɺ˫ٿԼǰѾΪĴ󱯺Ϳһغвϵı󱯺Ϳ˵ʵ˲֪ȴΪʦֵܣѾʶصʱ䣬ϵϻϵķӶһˣͨĿ£Բһ޿ȥġ
ȴҶһж޷ԿǺεȵ𾪡
ѵ˵һѾﵽƷ۷ĳ̶ȲɣǡܵģεϳˣվҲֻһʮ꣬ôܴﵽǸΡ

һ޷ľ磬ܹΪ˻϶Ѿ˳߰˰ǧϣ˵һʮܹɳΪĲΣǾԵĲϵġ
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ʧǲٴεĳԭأȴҲ¶һĨɫĶϿղϵЦѡڿҶ챳ϻ֮󣬼Ѿﵽĳ̶ȣȴҲ̲סһ̰ռ뷨𡭡ʵ̫ջˣ
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Цȴ˲ĴסˣҶĶȻǰȥ


516 𲻸ҹ
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Ѫɽ׹ɭɭһϸ΢Ŀռ˺Ѿǲӵ峹׵Ľγһ⣬ʱҶʵѾﵽĲΣǿռ֮İԸһѾ˵Ĳ˵ȫûѹ
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𣿶һڰˣͼħˣħ֮ƺϵġ
ħ֮ĸֵĳ֣ʱôħʵɫѿ֡
ǱסˣǱʵļӣҪҲֲ֡

ը֮Ϯռ֮ݺݵڴħʵĶըֲ֮µĴħڱ˵ը쳹֮Ѫ̲סһ󷭹
ҶЦֹĶźЦֹ˵
죬ҪΪǳԺˣ޷κε㣬Ϊħ֮ħƿأʵģҪʲôҪ㱨ɣ㣬һٵƱԣΪκβ𣿡
ħʵŭʱı˳
ΪӵĳԺ߼Աħָ֮ļʼǿߣħܵĶǷкͿ־Ǿηܵǰָֻŵѵ⣬еԹŭⲻ˶塣
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ħΪҶǿʼˣ϶ʱ¶һĨɫ
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ħʵѾʼԽĵȻ˵ѾˣֻҪԺɵĴڣʵȥٴεͳһħ

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518 
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Ǻɫļ׶ǻδĿ˺ѺͼĿ¸оȴѾҶƤһֿµĴʹ
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ʼĲõġҶһļһܹʱƵز㹻԰ˣһжѾˡ

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ǱըĳֱӵĽҶĻըѣǼ׶ѵƬ˵ĻΪԴ෴γһƬƬҶȥ

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˵׼ÿһζ˳ȻҲ˶Է档
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УͰװһֱںǿһ顣

ҶЩĿҶ
Ҹ㣬õĲҪԭİޣĻ൱Ҫ㲻ȥĻܻ˵ĺġ
ҶɫһĿʼıæĴеֽ
ӭһ൱˳壬ݺаһдյĿ⾳ǿһһ޲⣬ҲΪʲôǿߵƷᱻô׷Ѱˡ
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532 Ԯ֣
һͷɫĳԶغɵɵϢȴһϵĸоλĻҺˣʵ˵һۼ֮СĺøС
ҲԳΪһȴһӣ
ҲҶղŶȴֻһλжϲıϡ
ʣµһλӿȥʮӣһĳۣµ·ԼԴ޵ޱȵĽɫȻվϳһǹ̬
ֻһλʦļһȻ˵ĸ߰Ǳ˶Ҫ߰
Ҷ̲סҡҡͷ˵
ϣȥϢһ°ɣôʱˣҲӦۻˡ
ߵԣ漴ĵ˵ͷ
ٻ˵ǣȷʵҪϢһ£ūѾˣǺ۹кܳһ·̣ҲҪʮյʱſԵ
ߡʮգǰһλʵ΢һֱҲȱķ˵·ȷʵҪϢһ¡
׳ӵļ̬·ӦóΪӣ˲һ㡣
з˵㲻ĻɲҪµģа㹻ˡ
ٻӵɫǵͨ죬дһĨŭĺȵ
ΪԸ𣿸㣬ǴӵķԸûеõϿɵĻӣҲŲԸأҿҲֻʮյʱѣܿұˡ

ϵŭΪǿߣҲ֮֮ϵĿޣȴһʦС˵ķεĲŭ
ŭʱΧĿռٵһԱĲпʼɿϯ
һȴѾǽԷεѹ
㡭Ǻôĵӡ
һ·ϵȳзѾվǰȥòͷһλǿߣǿǶָ㹻ԼεĿ¸֡
ԼȻòͷڶԷǰҲ磬ⲻǴ
㡭ҪʲôٻӣɲҪˣǷ˴ӵģҳʲôĻ´Ҳ˵ȥɡ
зѾڷųһʾĲȻǳܲס˰ϵѹ
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ٻӵ˵
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ϵĺһϵѸٵĳ
зʱɲ˿ĴˣղŵҲԼĻ˵ľԵķȻ˵ԼǰٻӲһóĻӣ˵죬ҲǴ۵ѪԼҲֻһ£һǰĳֵĻҲû˿ķǼ֪ˣҲֻļ仰ѡ
лٻӡ
зͷĹ˵ڵͷ˲䣬ԹĺâȴʼԽ
֮зȻǲŰˣ˿ٵ뿪һȥ
ƽгһЩԺ֮вٵĸˣзȻѾ׳̶ˣҲʮ߰ӣΪг֮ͦε˺Ͳ׵һͷĳ˲ٹ󸾡Ů۲졣
ٻӣ̫ЩūｫɱĻҲû˻ѯЩʲôġϾǻӡ
ٻӿЦ˵
ϣھˣ㻹ǽɣʲôӣڵԸͨİ֮ң˵ĻҲܵôίҵҲ˱øӵ˳ģͨİ֮Ȼƶȴʵ֮УĹĶǣҲûʸĵλҲû뷨зȻֻһСıǴ磬һԸĻ϶˵ķѣʱĻҲҪܵѹƵġ
ϵ¶һĨ⣺
ѹƣұĸ׾ūҲʹ˵ķҪĸףȴδ뵽ȻôȥˣΪϣȻҪƴı˭Ǹ۸㣬ǲӷŹġ
ߴ˵ĽҶ¶һĨζЦݣ
ٻĵ˼ĺܣһ˲ӣȻνٻӲδܵӣǺһûʲô
֮Ҷļв٣ҶĽǶ˵ĻٻѾûжٵ·ˣߵūûзһ㣬Ǳǵ֮λ㲻ȥᣬͿԹȥģǼ㲻ȥᣬȴѾ㣬ҪôҪô
ҶΪٻӵ˲СĺøС
澣㾹ȻҴҡ
ͻȻһĲҽ˳һ̵ѪǾµСѾ¶ֻɫ
ڽеٻӺͰɫȴʼ
ֻԭ뿪зʱڱһλ˵Ůסӣֱӵľٵ˰С
ŮŮߣλص˭
оԼĲӷ·Ǳһһ϶ʱ¶˰̬ҲǸ̾Լĵ㱳ǼŮȻһƬߣͷֲĻ޲˵ŶԷһһʱɫϵ˹ȥȴδ뵽ֻ΢΢ĵϷһȴԷһ˦˹
Ϊӵ£һֱӵģڵѾ뵽ʦƷ۷ĵزֻҪŬĻܿıԳɾʹʦĳ̶ȡ
ǸʱʵǷҲǺǿģȻ֮£ܵĶԴ̵ѿڽ
зˣ
ۼŶԷ޹ǵСϾȻʼǿзĿʼҲΪµһΡ
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ڿз̬֮󣬼ƽһϲ˵ٻӣʱҲ̲סĴһɿ˹
žžž
ɫӰһţһȴٻӺǰϵߡ
ٻӾңҰ
ٻһĿһз棬뵽˶ԷݣȴεĶŮӿЦ˵
λС㣬ղҵʧˣҲĵģ˰Ρ
ԣңҰҿӵˣŹҡ
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֮ΪѪ֮ħŮŮӣʺɫӣ̲סҪݺݵ棬뷨˲ӵȴ١
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ǿݵצӾҶǰУǾӨ˻һ̬ڲϵ˸
ʺɫĳ΢΢ƮϵչԷԼǰţƾԼʵֻҪԼһͣǰԵĻ˲ʧȥԼԴ
ȴܶҲҶԭصŮѾԼסˡ
ѪƺǶһδ⣬Ȼʵ֪ǻ߾ǴﵽһεȵĵزΪҶǡ޵У
˱ĵϣһǲԾĻ⽫ǻһˣ
ı·Ǵ̹һϲϵ˸Ҷȴδ⣬Ը⣬г˰ֵķܿ
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ڵ𣿡
Ѫ֮ħŮӣǸԶҶȴɵĿԸоĻ߷·ƬһţԼ̲סĿʼĶ
ֻһʵҲĳùļһĲһҲ¼ȻѾˣ²Σ

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⣬Ҷȴ˺ܾȴûԼļҵڶԷļ䣬΢΢ĿЦ
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ᶯУѪ֮ħŮҶӰü΢΢ȴ¶һĨȤɫ
鲻Ҫ̵Լзִ磬˭Ҳ׼ȥ𣿡
һ˿ӨѪɫڿռ˸һ̾ȻԶĺ׵Ľɱһֻðİ״㡣
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ٻӻδӸղŵֲֿϢѹڿҶ쾹ȻͷҲصҪ뿪ɵüæ׷ȥ
ҲֻΪ˾㣬ֻǸоȽ϶θڶѣԺõҸõ£ǵļһﻹǲҪĺá
ٻӶǰϵ˵ͷЦ˵
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һں͸ĲֺѪҶŷԼƺЩˣҲûоܾĵ˵ͷ
ܿһӷʢķ˱ˡ
û뵽쾹Ȼʮ꣬ĳʵѾﵽһ׵ĳ̶ȡ
໥ĽҶΪٻϤ
Եɺ϶ѣĳ̶ҲѾ뵽ʿĳ̶ˣʮһĳ̶ȴﵽ̶ȣҲҪСĴ۰ɣҲ൱µġ
Ǻǡʺʲô취Ϊаϵİͽ̵ܲܳΪһλ޶˵һֱҶԼʵֻӣҲſԸõȥڿҿҪڸǣȴҲɵûа취˵񰡡
ٻӣǹȵЩһְ壬Ǳ壬Զԣڵ֮ңҪıǽԼĿʼóǿճ˵ӻﶼǸ߸ϵݣƽޣҪΪ֮׵ݣȴһССѹƣһЩųˡ
ҶƷζеƵ˵
Ҷ˵ȻᣬǾټԺеĴм䣬ֵʵ̫̫ࡣ
˵һ۱㿴еĹؼڡ
ұûλ뷨˵˵̫ˡ
Ц˵
벻Ը⽲⣬ҪĻҪܶ޷ܹȥģڣ㿴ڵĳ̶ȣһζȥãǴҲǶԷӵ˺ⲻǶ˺Ƕ˵һ˺
˵ɫʼı仯˫Ŀ֮гǰϿȥ
ٻӲҪ룬ҶˣūֻһծˣȫĲҪ˼ôġ
ĿЦԽ
㲻ᶮģҵĸһλͨĹŮҵĳҲȫֻһżȻҵĸ֮Ҳֻаҵ˺Ϊεˣҵĸʶ൱ȻʼҵѪͳȴһֱĲôܴһ㲻ҿԾģҵĴ磬Ǻǡĸе֮ŮձȨǰӵгسǵ֧֣չҵıȨΪʲôҴأֻϣⱲܹȵĹȥҶ⡣
ˢ
һӨָɿĴҶ
ˣЩʵ϶һЩѣҪץסĺġ
ҶҶ쿴ԷȽϵ˳ۣҲΪԵʣԲһֱӵħ֮ݵҪԼħչĸ׳ǱزٵģһҪǿ֣һõǵİħԺٺܶ鷳ġ


534 ҹɫ
Ļƺָ
Ȼ˵ڵλᣬ뵽ԼΧ˺ܿܵΪԼԵʶܵ˺ʱҲʼһ˿ĶΪλȴΪԼҲҪʱվˡ
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һָöҶ¶һĨЦݵ˵
һ۹Ƿܹǿ֪Ϊʲô𣿡
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Ϊеӵ
仰֮Ҷڵ֪ΪʲôôʱˣȻؼԼȥˣҲҪȥԼ뷨
ЩεĶЦ
˵½ÿеͨ𣿼Щӵ㣬žԵľȨˣյԸܼ򵥣˭ܹҳԱ˴ůȻǮ׬һȵļңһӷ˳ģ˭˵ǸǸν⡣
˫Ŀ󣬹Բ
Ȼ˵ûжٵ˿ãΪӵݣҪȡһЩ鼮ǲģڻʼռ鼮УÿһǡʷǡǴ˵޲˵һֵĵ
ߣҲ
ߣˮҲ
ˮܸۣ
ڴҶȴһ֣ЩǹʺһۣεĲһ
ҶεĸԼԴĿһ۰ϣЦ˵
ҲΪ𣿡
ȻǶɵ뷨ҲΣЦ֮ɫԽ
½ΪūȻ뷨
Ϊ𣿣
һ뷨ͻȻԺһȴҲ¶˼ɫ
ˣǿߣǿ߰
Ҷ쳤һһﵽڻûԼ˼ĻûжٵĿܳΪһλˣҲ̫Щ
ǵģǿߣеλΪԽ۹дŴľ󡢽󡭡˵شﲩ֮£ǵĲʸǿߣһ㼴δ٣ȴҲԸоõɡ
뵽ڻʹУһɹļµ΢΢ĵ˵ͷ
ٶǿȴҲֻһֶƵֶζѣ֪Ȼûǿߣǿȴ٣Ʒ۷ĶΡ
˼ǡҪȥȡЩǿߣ

һڵĿʼˣҶʵһֳɾ͸С
ǺǡǿߣÿһλػһĽɫһӵĻӻûжٵܹע⵽ңЩ˼ǸʶûоԵʸȥǡ
һҲ뵽ˡ
ҶЦ˵
ǿÿһǸ߸ϵģһ㶼ǻѡޣĲ֮һеķɫϵܶѾˡ
ҪȡǿߵʶҪһʱϵĻۣһһϦγɵģ㻹Ҫסһ㣬ÿһǿǶѡԼĹңΪǵĸҲΪʲôΪػߵԭ˵ѡ˵Ҳ൱Ҫģ㱾ûλģĴȴδŹ㣬˵Ĵ̫ںˣǿ˵Ǹ׷һϵ򣬽һԲ󣬽򣬵ںݶ໥ͻģһʶƷУƱػһֳͻҲ˵ˣֶκΪ˹ȵĸ߰Ǹ߰Щ˷ָˣҲʧܵԭ򡭡
ҶĽ˵ܿԺ͵Ŀ
˵Ľ磬ĳ䵱һεʦݵҶȻҲʹ˵ĸ뿪ˡ
ȴҶ뿪̲֮סĶǰʵ
Ե޹ʵΪʲôҪҡ
ϳ˼һ֮˫Ŀ˵Ĺâ
ٻӣҪٵǵλĻ˵ҶҪ֣ղ˵ǿߵʱƽֻһܣԷǿ߱ǱȼϵǿߣѾϰˣһ㶼㹻˵һﲢһˣ˵ĳˣ֮ѡӦҲͼɣȴ޶⡭

УԪٵתȫĸѨλУ󲨶չҶÿһεĺ㹻Ĳһɹʵʵÿһļߡ
ǴħĺôΪϾĳ̶ȣԼÿʱÿ̵Ķѵ״̬
ԼĸСʱʱ֮ҶͣЪסԼоڵ㣬ˬ֮Ҷٴεĸоһ΢
𽥵ĿʼиˣյƴļҲʧˣþûչˣʱҸٴνԼĹһ顣
ԼǰҶ쵭˵
һŽڿһͷĺè߷ɣԷļҶ컺ȥСֹ
ˣүһֻèȴ͹һ̬˵Լһֻˣƭ𣿡
ƽ۰
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һҶȴѾʧ
ѾҲˣ¶ȿʼתԶתеĻջҶѵõĸ˿˿֮ɽߣһʵĸоʼĵס
Դ˼ߵĲ֮Ҷ췢ԼѾٵлע⵽ؼΪʵζˡ
֪߶Ҷ췢ֲʱһ·һĳΧɢ໥֮һ̱Ѹٵ뿪
ÿµĲȣ򺮱ϾȻôĸ֡
ҡҡͷҶȴ⣬еʼ֮ѾܹҶʵˡ
ƽ𴬵ȷʵǾ޴ټϾ֮ĺһС͵ׯ԰࣬Ҷ쾹Ȼһװɻ԰ĺԺ
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һĲͻȻĴȻֻһȴ·Ϊһ쿪ʼͣһ
ˡ
һҲչ˳
Ҷ˫Ŀ΢΢һԺоȻûһѪɫ磬ɱ¶񱩡
ɱɱɱ
Ժз·һ쳹һջ
ȻǹĲֿµɱ׵ı㽫˵Ϊ֮ԻħŮֶιȻǿᰡ
Ҷ˫Ŀɫˮɫ»һɫѪµŮͥԺи٣»··һ˷һ㡣
һԱУԼ䱬˿˿âȴ˿ĲմߣһλմѪȵħŮ
ǹصߣѪ֮ħŮֻ˭


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͵ĲһͣЪѪ֮ħŮĳҶ쿴ȥû˿ʵз·öһϾ˺ѵĽԷһλմѪȵħŮϵһ
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Ѫ֮ħŮضҶ죬촽˫Ϫˮ

ңңⷿӵݶһֻ޴ĺèڿһֻѾԵĸɸɾĹͷһèۿˣèԳһ˿թЦݣ
ǲ黨ǲأΪʲôүûŮأ뵱ү˼˰˧簡ƺһŮء˭أ
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»֮£ɫ»Ѫ֮ħŮĽϣԭѩƤƺʱ򶼿ʼһӨӨҫ⻪
»ڶԷԵݵĽ棬̸֮ɫŮ϶һ˿Ͷˡ
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ҶεĿЦʱѾ΢ļʶħŮĿ£ϲŭ޳˵ͱ䡣
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ħŮС΢΢ɵðһֿɰ˵Ĳ
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Ѫ֮ħŮаԵĽ
һĸоȴɵ
ԭĵӣһܿСһ
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һʹﴫֻԭһĨ˺۳棬ӨѪҺĴʳָ˳
ȻҵķѾ֡
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ҶвɵһԤ׵סħŮ֣һ̣Ѿ¶˵ĵɫ
ôôĲСġ
ҶֵĴͳһƬ־İ棬˶ˣǵʵǳˣħŮȴһССҸָǺĺܡ
ֱסߵĺ棬ѾʼȻħŮҪԼ֣ҶŨϢȴϵĴ̼˵Ľ·Ҫһ㡣
û˿ȥͬʱһ˿̵ζȴӿ
˿ڱȽϵѾˣһϵʱ㹻ָģҲۡ
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˵ľ벻ĿʼյһڵҶǵͷûз˵̬Ǻεȵ
һͷţһվţҶʱͻȻ֮͵ײҶԴϡ
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ĺ˵һҡΣһ̣̲ס˵ϡ
һĵɵÿʼĴ̼ҶҶѾ׵ɵֻۣǰ棬һԷԲͦǰ
ҶڵѾѹ˶ԷĽϣ֮غĽ޲ڴ̼Ҷ񾭡
һĨѧ֮ɫΪĳ˵ŬڵĿĹ֣ȻΪǶȵԵʲʮֵȴɿԸ˴һֳĳ
ϲϵı֮Ｗѹĸо˷ָȻħŮϴߣȴӰջͳ
޵ĺ촽΢΢ſͬŵĻ꣬ʱĴʪϢħŮѪһֽȻͬȻ
ǴߣǴħŮѾʺ֮ɫĿɰĻȴ㹻ʾѪ֮ħŮڵǺεȵľˡ
֮УźĲʼҶһ΢ĲţǼˣҶ̲סгˬɿ
㡭ѹˡ
ﻹյѪ֮ħŮָ߰ͲпᣬеķһСŮһĽᡣ
ĳҶѪʱһ󷭹һѾƷλŮ˵ⷬ龰һԵĴҩڴ̼Լ
߽ܵϵһѪ֮ħŮεĲҶϵı仯ǿµȺϵӿһӲ֮Լ΢΢ʱ˵ԡ
Ҷ죡˾Ȼ㲻Ҫ
оµоҶ찵ԵЩݣҲʱԺͻȻðһ˷ŭϢĽ߳
˫ĿҶҲ֮һ죬ǺܿȴĵЦ
ˣ״Ů
ԺһԵĴĪ˳һž޵껹˭
ԭĳ̶ȽϣʱİƺǱøʵˣóŰ˲ͼӽܵĺô
ߡòūҴĺˡ
һϢӰСð˳
㻹
Ѫ֮ħŮĽе
Ŷ
ҶǱ̬һĻߴǺӣɽ
ߡūҸոյ黨ǲݣ֪ĻͲóֵġ
Ѫ֮ħŮҶ֮üȥ̬ŭٴε
ٺ١ᣬᣬֻһѡ
Űŭ̬ҶﻹĶѪ֮ħŮЦ˵
Ǹˣ
˵Ѫ֮ħŮδķӦǰҶѾʧӰˡ
ռıˡҪ𣿡
һĨͻȻĴѪ֮ħŮ𣬵ƺǲĳֹŹֵĲ
Ѫ֮ħŮҶ춼ûз֣˷ֿһ˲䣬һɺһŵʧС


536 ϧ
ԵѾ˶ˡ
֮ǸѪ֮ħŮߵλüͷشһ
һֱҶ첢ʮֿõһλ˵
ĳŲСĺøУһμ濪ʼƺǾѾһ쳣ı仯ˡ
Ϊе졢ˡеĳϣҪע顣
˵ĳϾߵм䣬ԵĴһΪ׵ϢȻΪǿһλϣΪڳϡ
ĿΣ
ڳϿһֱδ˵߻˵
ڳƺǲôϲ˵Ϊ˵˼һžԵá
ȻѾˣҲ˵޷ˣƢҲӦ
ڳϵдһֿµļ֡
𣿵ҲֻѪѡ
ڳϵЦ˵ΪеػߣڳϵƢһֱˣ˵ն˿ûκͣ١
ߡʲôʱҪֵָˣ
˻ڵʱͻȻһߴһ˿ɱĲ˹
԰еĻݷ·ǸܵɿµɱһǽĻ̲סĿʼ
ˣ
졢ˡλϵɫʱһ䡣
˵һΣǸ꣬׼֣
ûǼᶨľ
ġħѾʼ뵽һµĲˣʱ̶Ļеĺġ
ڳϵһ˿ûΪѪ֮ħŮĻκε谭
ھ𣿡
Ѫ֮ħŮ·ǻһ˻ʱһɺ嫵ֿʼѹһѾؼĲ谭Ѹ͵ƿ
һһѪɫǹĵɺâɫҹɫԵùضޣͬҪɫĲͱһ
Ѫ񡭡Ȼ뵽һ
ڳϵɫҵı仯һɺ쳤ǹɭɭɷǶԷʵĳ޷סԭֵˡ
һ˿ˮĴڳϵϻʱҲٴεʶԼǱ֮ΪħŮĿŮˡ
ϢŭūҲΪǵġ
̫飡
һĵͻȻĴ˳
ôܣ
̫ĸֵĳ֣˲λ׻һѸٵĲ塣
ڳ̲ס¶޷֮ɫܿȴޱȵ˵
ѵ˵뵽Ǹ𣿡
˰ˣǲҪȥˡ
ǡ
ĺȵ˵ȴѾɿʧҹĻУǡ̫顯ĸѾǵĳ̫ǿˡ
ಡ
һѪӰһ̣Ѫ֮ħŮĽѾ˻԰һǣĸĳ촽³ĸ֣
̫顭
һκл˳
ħɱֹɱȴһеĸ飬žһе谭һеܳɾ϶ߵĳɾͣȴһǱǸ飬ʦ˵עҪڸ֮УһƣҵΪһǧﳬԤĸĿԴȻᣬȴһϤĸоָо·ǰʱйĶԹѵ˵ĿԶȹȥ𣿡
˵֮Ѫ֮ħŮİŽвɵñͨ뵽˸ղŵһĻѪ֮ħŮɵİ棬һ˿Ľɵһ뵽ԼʥĵطȻֿеԽǿ
ͬʱĻһֵʧ
㵱е٣עһ𣬳ΪһħϣӣƺҪԵˡ
ɢһ̵ѪӰ˸ֻĲӰʼɢǿеһȴʼԽŨ
ҴˣҴ˻С椰ʵʱҲ൱ĵġ
ѾͨİҶЦŽ͵
ߡūôĳڵūҵʱںŮڵ鰡ūѵĻòĳѾʼ׵Ĵأ
뵽ɶĳ˾ȻְһİŮ˵ϣҧĺ޲ҧҶ쵰
Ȼ˵Ѫ֮ħŮڸסˣĺʿɲ߿ڸסģðӵΪ֮ᣡ
𣿡

Ҷ˵֮޲óԼӣȻһ̱ǰһĽ
˳ִεĽʱͻȻ˵ɫһ䣬һҶ¶˽䱸ɫ
˭
·ǱһĴҶ˳
һɺѾһɫļɽ
ȻֱܹСӣĳȷмֱ¡
һԱɫ۾˸˳ɫҹĻбŹضɱĹâ
۾ڿҶʱ·һֻڿһֻһҳɱ
ŶԷĽŲʼҶĶߣҫ»ҲĽԷӳ˳
һȥʮҵӣͽĲϣһµϢȴԶԶɢġ
ʵ
üе֮˸һ˿ɫâüͷ΢΢ҶҲ¶һĨȵɫ
ϵȻ٣ܹʮҵĳ̶ȱһֻ̤ĲΣѾǳѰŵˡ
ǵ֮ҶüͷԽԽԭǴӶԷֵһɲǣҶоڶԷɱ⡣
˭
һ޷ҶĵӣҶȴû˿ӵζ
¹𽥵ĿʼԽԽǰ֮˵ȫòҲҹɫ֮¡
񣬵ɫĳ޳ģԼǿںһ֮һ꣬ӿĿ¡
ǴӶԷ˫ĿִݡŰԼµȴʧ˲١
һھɫֶ֮βбļһ
һ˵
˭
Ҷ΢΢ĵ˵ͷͬĹ۵㡣
ϧӡڱݣ㻹ûʸ֪ԭҲмںģû뵽㾹Ȼ֪ļӽħŮĻζˡ
ԭѪ֮ħŮ׷߰
Ҷдһ˿٩
Ѫ֮ħŮǱŮˣɵ飬ʵ㣬Ѫ֮ħŮͬһŵģʲô˼Ѫ֮ħŮ֮УǱˣ
ϧӵԸǰĻͳˣڲһĳȫ͵͵ĸģһѪ֮ħŮֵĻƱػԷҲ뿴顣
СӡľһΣҪñٿѪ֮ħŮκεĹϸ𡭡
˵ϧӵתҪ뿪
˵أ
һͻȻʱĶߡ


537 Ԫ
ž
Ų͵ͣסϧӵɫ΢΢ĿʼŤѡ
˵ʲô
һĨɱѾ޷ڸǵĿʼƮУǿ񱩵ɱϢ·ڵı
߿֮УĺɫƱɿµɱĽƬ
ǶûĻӦҸղ˵ˡ

һƱɫĹâͻȻĴϧӵлûԼ֮ͻأĻһɫвϵĻûһһƬȴɱ⳯Ҷ˹
ڶԷĽҶ첻ܣȻʱתľҪ뿪

аΪ֮ʢɫɼֲɫ˸ĵĹâԵĴһĨ綾ǴѪȵζŨ˼¡
Ǿ˵ֶΰ
ֵ߳˲䣬һѾסҶԴҶεĲԷͼǴ㽫̼һбɱ
ɭɭĺһ̾ҪҶԴˡ
ɣɣСӣ㾹Ȼң
ŤʱѾû˸ղŵӢе޾ķ񣬴ʱϧӷ·ѾҶԴһⱬԼǰ
ͻȻʱһӰͻأһȴѾҶı󣬶ֱӵĵҶǰ档

һ֣ȴһɵĿѹƣ·һļҲʲôֻǵֵĻӶһ¶ѡ
䡭
ɫ߷һ˻·ܵһɿµشһ֮仯һɫʧǶԷĵ˿δ˵ֹͣ
ٴεĻһӰĻϧӵǰ

ľ·һشһ㣬Ĵϧӵϡ

ϧ˫ĿԲͫ˼£ȴѾһֻ˵ĴϺһ
֮ǸʱһĮͰȻվĳû㶯
һɫ˫ĿضϧӣٴγֵĴ㶼ûС
ӣ

ڿʱһһ˿δ֣
߾Ȼӵĸڱ㣡
һѪϧӵĿԳһ̶ԷԳһֲĳ֮ɫַ񲻵δʧǱøŨ
û˿ң㣡
ҶתϴʱѾûЦݣһֿµı䡣
ȻûκεĿϢҶϱֱ䵽˼µȴϧӸоһִδйصѹѹеĳ϶δֹ
ѵ˵СӵʵѾǲɣôܣ
ϧӱԼ뷨ݺݵһ£Եķˡ
ܺáСӣòϣʧˣ߾ȻӵһǿߣǡǿεǿҲֻһˣϧӿϵŮ˴ûһӳҵĵģҪֻҪϧӵĳˣֶǱģŰСһ֪֮³εģҡ
ǻټģ
ž
ͻȻһ촫ϧӾȻޱȵķ֣ԼҶ첻֪ʱȻǰָ΢С
͡
һֲĽ˰֮ڻΪһɺɫĽ
֮Ʒ·ǻһֻ̫һۣղŸѹֵϢڵһ̱˳

һֱֻ۱ҶĽɵг
ѪҶָָƻʵĻһס˶ԷԴ
㣬ôôǿ󣿣
ϧ޷ŵĺǴʱҶϻָӿǰٶȣۼϧӵԴҪˣͻȻһµĲȻб˳
ɿµĲѸͺͻأҶûԤϵ屻ǿеƿ
ҵĵӿɲʲô˶ɱģ
һŰĿЦϧӵз˳
Ԫն
֮ƣͬһ޴ħĳٵĴգĵ಻Ļ˱̬
ȻҺͱʳ֣
һγɣϧӵָٵйһصĺۼ
춾
ϣ
ϧӵҪֲٱߺݺݵغ͸ĵһ

ǻһֻ֣ǴʱϧصĸֿȫӸĽ׵Ļ˶Է˵ƾſµʵʹ˵Ļɡ
һצ
˺ѵɺɫצ·Ҫ֮а׷ΧеĿռȫƿסһǳܵĿѾֲٿصϧɫ̲ס仯
ÿµÿµСӣСС;Ȼܹﵽ̶ȣǱʿûʱ棡
߳
һͺ֮󣬶Էһضϱ۾Ȼٵήһ̻һƬѪǰߵҲɿ뵽һƬѪУ˲ķɶǧ֮⡭
Ǽ˵ʧҹĻС
ˡūã
һε˵
ƾžԵƣлɱϧӵģϾȫһεģǸȴڳʱûй˼ܵĿӡ
㣬ԷʼǿߣȻǧϧӵ壬ҴһĨ֮ĲתԵʣʼǿ߸ҿӦ˵ģҲҪ𡣡
ĸеĳϵĲʺԣȴ޿κΡ
߰ɣܿĶٵ˵ġ
ȻֻǼν֣ȴѾΧĻƻһˡ
ȻҶ뿪֮󲻾ãһµϢ˲ֿٵʧ
ڴϣҶԴвϵĻطŸղŵ飬Ͻס¶һĨЦ
̫İˣȻʼηηˣһнϧɱĻƺӦѡȴŵᡣ
ʱһĲҽȴ˳
ĸɱȶ쵰ƽϰǾͲѡһ׵ĵط
סʲôʱһҲôˡ
ҶЦ˵һļʵԵЩëȻ
һһļҶҲû˼£ȻϧˣȻʱǲˣҲһϢ
Լڤ䣬ҶٴεĿʼѰƷ
ҩĻкܶ࣬Ǵڵ֮лõҩûôʹأҪҸúõһЩˡ
ͻȻʱҶоȻһһƷҶǰ
Ԫ֮Ԫѩǹиղƺǲһ˿
оһ˿Ҷ̲סֹ


538 ˮ
ԴӵõⲿԪʼҶδĹۿʱĬĬһ֮ҶнסĿʼй񫡣
׵֮תĹϵĴ̼ϵĸѨλڴ̼пʼȡ׵
׵磬Ǵ̫ʱΪΪµ֮һ
Ȼûл֮Ŀ񱩣ƻȴѷɫȻûз֮ѸͺͷһʹãǾԵıѸиӵĿ¡
˵ģ⡶ԪһֽĹǷӶ࣬ʼݻšԪչ׵֮жʼŷҲͳΪһȻֻǷʵȴɰŽֶΡ
Ҷεȵ;飬ܿץסˡԪĺݡ
׼Ŀʼ뵽״̬У׵ʼھߣչֿ֮ľ˵һ㲢ѵãֻҪĻûʺϵĻ
Ҷдһ˿Ρ
۹ԵĻһ·̣ǲܹҵĻҶо൱˵ġ
׳հ׳աŰ˲ͼôѡΪأ
è̲סıҶ˵
Ȼ⻰ҶΣǴʱһı֮Ҷɫȴʼ˷
Ű˲ͼԴһ磬ȻԵǱֻҪҽһ˿׵֮ȥĻܿıγ׵֮Ļ۵ġ
뵽Щ֮ҶһŽǺè߷ɣй˸ղűӵĲȫĲèĲҽкҶٴε߳档
ʱɫѾ𽥵ıĦһҹġԪҶ첻δ˾ήңһ˷ܣǵĺܡ
뵽߲͡ԪܵϵһĻǲĿ붼оͷһĻȡ
ʱƽϲ֪´һ󼱴ٵĽŲͼҵĽк
Ҷ졭ôô簡
Ѫ˯۾ֹ˵
ȻѾһ󼱴ٵˡ
ǽСѾͬһֻܰҶ壬˸λãٴεĽԴҶ컳۾ܿҶЦõķ֣СһﾹȻ˯ˡ
СѾͷһۺɫ˯£֮һɵҶӿ˳ͼٵĽŲѾԽԽʱҶ춼оƽϲһ΢ҡΡ
һѪСαҶУȻҶģǵ֮г˵ԵĴҶвһ˿
ʱҶҲŸоԼǰһԲСڷеСظԼ߶ĦԼš
Сһ
һҶ䣬Ҷ첻ɵòһ޷ڸǵĻȸоĬĬżеһĹĿھҶŬؽԼеһ˿ȸֹ
ٵѪķУ˵Сŵ˴ϡ
СѾͷʮ徹Ȼĸ죬СС΢΢¡Ҳǳ߹ģ׻ҫĺܣҶ켸оԼĺȻʼЩ΢΢
ݺݵرԼһ֮Ҷ뿪
Ҷȴûп뿪֮ѪȴԼ˫ϡɺɫ˫гɰСγɣĻߡ
ΧѾԽԽң¾Ȼ˵ı·⴬ſµײһ

ﵭĺȵ
ǣ
Ǿ޴Ӱ·һһصĳҶߡ
չ˺Ѫꡣ
ΧѹʼҶ²һǷʲô顣
ǣ˷ģ
ӰһŤ˲ҶѾ档
䡭
һ޴ĲͻȻĻһ޴ˮӰһ⺣ķ
޴Ĳ֮£޷ݺݵĴ˺ϣǿµײ̲סз
ӺϿٵĴľĴнĳ⡣
ֻһľˣǲӰ쵽ƽ𴬣Ǵʱ⺣ʮķΧУĶֿµľˣһ붯Ŀѹ̫ľˡ
ƶ桭ļڿС
㣬Ͻȥ̽ⷽ򡭡
㣬㣬ȥ߿׼
׵⴬ԵøʱûԭĵԻҵıдһ˿־塣
ô£
Ҷ쿴Ǻϵľ޴仯Ҳɵһʵ
ˡ
Ҷ׵ɫԻЦ˵
ˮʮѵһˮ
ȻѾһ˿²⣬ǵˮֵʱҶ̲סһ
Ǻ𽥵ĿʼĲˣɫʼ
ں˶ˮֲİνˮָıǺϵ磬ܹܵġ
ʵεǿ󣬵˻Ĵʵˣںһ֮󣬾ԵǷˡ
ؼ·һ̿ʼ𽥵һ壬ѹѹͬǶħһ㣬ϵĸı䣬ϵľγһ˺ѵ磬Χķй
лԿһֻֻʮǰ׵ľ޴ޱǿеľ˺ѳΪƬ
ͨˮƽ˵㲻ʲôΪеİޣηڶԷڿⲻͨˮǺˮ
Ǻѹѹգ׵ԵĿɬ
ˮ׵ſµ;ˣʮγһ֮ɫɫγɵһֿѡ
ͨˮ֮ϣǰٱı̬
ǻĻҲη壬ڵֻһһѴ󴬣޷
һµ׵紩ĺɫ˸˳
䡭
µ׵·Ϊҫ棬֮Χյͬ硣
䡭
ֲ׵ѹѹнһγһƬԲε׹⣬쭷׵ֵһ˲ٵŤ
˷ڷӿ
ʮ翪ʼγɣԼһΪ޴·һʼΧϯ󲻶ϵΧ磬Լһɫĳƺвϵ
ˮ
׵ɫʱ
˭Ҳδһֲ׵翪ʼֵʱҶһĨЦ⡣
Цĺǵ⡭
׵硭Ԫƺˡ
޾Ĳ񷣬е׵磬Ҷ˲Сڴ


539 ׵
ɫɽƲļѹһ໥ļѹУγһƬ͵֣ңңĿȥϢòֲ
׵вʱ˸ֱ۴ϸ׵ƶһľһ˺һƣǷԲʮصķΧ硣
ϯ֮Уؼ׵ʼ
䡭
һ׵粻ʱǺ£ըһԵľˣںŰǿʼԽԽ󣬵ȴɵһ쭷֮ǽеһѾγ˺ɫ̬
׵жѾΪʵµʵ
ˮ
硢硢˺ѡ׵硢ˡ
Ī⣡
κεһʱ̷·ǶʼԵøС
Ѳ⣡
ʵʵƺͲѾúзԲ׵ķΧгΪһƬأеĺڸоֿµĲ˺ѵ֮󣬷׷׵Ŀʼ߻ߵ˺
ⷽԲ׵ķΧ֮Уеֻһƽ𴬣
ÿֲĲ׵Ȼ˵Ŀֲǻ֮Ŀж˷֮˺ѺͷһƿزõĻǻ˵ġ
׵̬ҶĬĬ
ҶȴӵţƾԼŰ˲ͼ׵ǲġ
дԱע⣬εվԼλϣˮҪˡ
׵ɫǰδеࡣ
ɫУɫӰӷ·һ˲䷢ƽ𴬵ĴڣųҶ˳˹
ǺƵ̬ѹһµĵزĲϿѹ𽥵Ŀʼѹֺͳ
ٻӣūƴҲᱣİȫġ
ǲԶ磬ϰοĶ˵
ϡǶûµġ
վڼװϵҶ죬˵

졢ˡڳĶѪ֮ħŮĽе
뵣ģССĺˮѣ˵㲻ʲôֻҪӦĻƽ㹻ĿסģΪǹʱޣеİķûġ
Ѫ֮ħŮ˵ȴسԶȥһӰڰȻվš

ڳƺʲôҪ˵
ôˣ
Ѫ֮ħŮͷҲصʵ
ҹū˸о߻ʵϢ
ž
ͻȻıһĴ죬ܵɺɫǻһѪ֮ħŮвϵĻۡ
ϼһһֱչԼĵϧӣ˵ĻϧӦ
ǵġҲ˶ԷƺǾһսƺ
˵֮ڳϵɫϿʼΪ
ƺʧ𣿡
䡭
ƽͻȻļҡ
ȣ
ϵͺһϵ
ͻ͵ϢϿٵı˳
һĿһƵĿֲƽصĸֿʼˡ
ԭٲƽһʱ̾Ȼλǵѹƻȶ
лλ˵ĳ֡
ǲ¶һ˿ϲɫѸٵĴ
ȫǰƬ򡣡
ǣ
Ҷ˫Ŀ˸ſµľ⣬Լһ΢׵羹Ȼʼϵĳڵķʼƶ
һҪ𣿡
Ѫ֮ħŮĺȵü֮䣬һ𱸵ζԽŨ
к
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СѾͷԵȴױһЦ

Ҷ쵭˵ȴһľΣʮʦѪҲ̫˵ɡ
һè˵Ҳ֣ϾвҵޣԴų޵޲
ֻǺèǲϳΧɦŪ˵ȴԵøۡ
Ϣ֮УǺ۹ĻʳǣȻֵ̣Ŀ̡¥зҶ춼һۻҵĸо
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ŰѪǷŭ̬Ҷ첻ɵֿЦõ뷨ƺǺûжٵĹϵɣһҶֱѾѪرס
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˴Լʮ֮һߴĽҶС
һߴ¥㣬¥µĵϣֽҶ˫ĿСڱ


544 
Ҷ֮Իע⵽һһǱԷĸߴסˡ
ǸߴĽ֮ǰѾҶ˺֮һˡ
ΪڱеĺȻҲǲԶˡ
ڶǶԷ棬ڱǶһϵģļֵ㲻ƣһ֮һĺѵãǶڱȴİڷȫĲ±˹ƻ͵ߣԵֻһԭ򡪡ʵ
Ȼڱʵ൱ȫӱƻĿܡ
ʵܹһ˵ƻͼѹʵ֧£еıȻҲ൱ɹ۵ġ
Ժ뵽˸ҶﱻٵһΣҶвɵӿֳһ˿ϾǷĵطҶǿѹһ˿֮󣬶ʱҪѰһǷһЩҩģܹ㹻ҩĵĻﱻٵҲǲġ
ƾħϵĴҶҩ޵ĻҲǵֲһˡ
ϸ˵ⵤҩΪŸƷ
һƷƷҩһҩޣƷƷĵҩҪ߼ҩ޲ſƳƷƷҪЩλ൱µĳҩޱΪʦĿֲ֮˲ſˡ
ǰƷ;ƷĵҩһЩԴʦ̶ȵ޶Ҫˡ
Ʒ֮ϱһЩ˵кĵҩˣΪǴ˵֮˵ǴʦоԵİܹʸơ
ҶϴΰƳ񵤱ΣҶٴȥ˵ĵȼҩȴҲѱ֤ܹаˡ
ڱ󡭡ȻڱΪҵǺڴǷʵ
˵ҶٴεѪ껺˹ȥ
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Ҷ˼Ȼǲǰﲻϵ߶Ǹƾǻܿıƿ˵赲Ҷ˳ĽС
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һҲֻǴҶ켸˵ĶУȻҲ֪͵ĳһֻ˵èɵĺǺεȾˡ
èۿʼ˸˾ӨâĺèҶûĶһͶһԱӵİۣһôһֻˣǺȽϽӽ˵̫ЩƷ͵á
Ҳѹһ˵˵ڲУһĴӸ߸ߵ֧Ľÿһ޲עΧֱʵ̫Щ
һƷһ͸ľʯУϿԿʵӣЩʯӻСÿһƷˣЩͨıжδ⡣
Щʯÿһ˸һֵ֪ƣһƷССȴѾ˵ֱʼҶĶҲ̲סĵһ
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ڱ˾һɵйܹӵֱʣڱҲ鴫ˡ
ҩںһ𷢳һֶصϢ̲סҪȥеζҶΪһλΪʦƺŵҩޣȻǶҩ൱Ϥ˼ڶķ󲿷ҩĳɷ֡
֮ԼȻıøԲ֣
ҩζ㹻ĲһֵͼҩЧˣǳڵȥĻҲøԲٵġ
Ҷ춼Ϊ֮ĶĵطӲҪ˵èѾģʱĺèڴſͣϵʳҩ϶Ƴһģ
̰ļһνǶĺôŹҶѾƾ֮۲쵽ҩֵһֿµٶȱһš
ҩĺֹǧǱһҲ
СѾͷƣ޹ǵĸоҶ̲סָĳ嶯漴ҶǿסָоҪɿȴѪСѾסƣ޷ɿ
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ǵ֮Ҷǵõ˲ȻѾ󲿷ֵʧȥԭĹԣµĴġ
ֻҪҶԸ⣬ȫĿƾЩµıУЩͨΪ֮۲ľƱҪõĶࡣ
΢Ŀ˼֮Ҷû˶ٵʡ
˳ҩ㣬Ҷ쿪ʼǸȥ
Ԫ
ݡ
Һˮ
廨

һĵҩҩҶǰЩҩݼҶҲ̲סҪĳ嶯¥ϲ֪ӺδɨƽÿʮӱύԵĻɨһΣҲ˵ʱ޿̵Ķиػ
ǿֲÿһ㹻ﵽʦľ磬ҶŴʦˣҲ벻Զˡ
뷨ҶҲֻѣɶˡ
һȦ֮Ҷȴεķ֣ЩҩҩȻֵƣһЩȽϵƧȴԼҪġ
ǡ廨ҲһãƳĵҩԷʳ֮ܵǿҵʹ࣬Ԫ˵ĿܣҶѾʧ˴ĵǿеķʳȥĻܵʧһЩ
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ҶĶŶԷȴŶԷġ
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ҶΪԷݡ
ڱ֮󣬶ֱʺǿֲһܹһλߵĻҶ쵹ǻ൱ƽǰȴֻʮ߰ĳ̶ȣȻ˵һλˡ
뵽ղΪֱ֣Ҷ쵹Ҳ˵û̫Ļɡ
ǰһʮһλˣҲֻ֮һѡ
˵΢¶һĨɬԺ
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һ֮󣬱̲סĶҶʵ
֪˴Ҫʲôĵҩҩݣ


545 ս
ŶôȷҲǹ֮һҩݻǵҩأ
¶һĨԺЦ⣺
ҴССʱһλϰΪƽȤ˴󲿷ֵעҲǷŵ˶ڵҩͲҩϵĴϣղŴȻֵ̬ƽɿԿĳڿЩҩʱʱĻֳ˽ӣҽӴĺܶҩ޺ǽӽǲ²ûдĻҲӦһλҩޡ
ȻⱦδἰԼԼʲôƷҩޣܹͨһ۲ȴҶݸжϵİ˾ŲʮԷѾ൱ˡ
Թɫڳ˵ҲֻǺͨһ飬ҩȴһ㡣
ͬҩɫͳʱȫһģͬһֵҩݣڲͬʱ׶ҲźܴĲͬƵҩʱ򼴱ͬһҩݶҪضʱſʹãҩ޵⣬Թɫеһ֡
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ÿƷҶ˵һʲôҪĻұ԰ġ
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ӶԷͽļԼµļ̬һɲǱϵôˡ
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ȻԵĻҶϲһȽϽӽĴݶԷڣ
ǿһЦӣҶһָо
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ѰһЩȽϺҩܹ޸֡
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ı֣ԭǺЦӣȴƺ뵽ʲôµһȻЦȴЩǿ
ԼƵĻȽϵķĵġ
ԼƣЩ伶ͨҩݱѾһֿµˣ˿֪ЩɶǺ֮ǲʹõĻܻܿ˷ѵģǴ˵ʵѾԽ뵽Щҩݵĳ̶ȡ
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ҶֹܿԺҲֳһλߵ
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׺ʦˣҶҩ൱뵱ָܹô񵤣Ļ㹻ĳɹˡ
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һΪĵطŹضصĹĻһܵشѻָҶ޵ʵӰǾˡ
Ϊȶ⣬ܵ𻵵ȴҲҲЩܵ𻵵˺ܻܿ˵һ
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Ǽ㵤ﱻ𻵵ĻҲǿԻָġ
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ʥˮһҩںϴ֮γɵҺ壬ǵȫĻٻҲǿԻָ
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ڶֻһЩ֮ʵЩҩֻڵŻеġǵǹ֮أƽĻЩ˿ҲֻǽڶѣҪĻЩʵǿᣬݿµ˲ʸԴʦܹǾžżϼֵĵҩʸġ
İ͵һ࣬ӵĽܺ;һЩϸ٣ֵϸĺܡ
ǿһȦûҶҪҩݡ
ȥɡ
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֮ʵκһ˺͹ҵǿֱֲ̬ʤһʱ
ǿЩҵĵҲоеĺôǩصԼγһǹһ̬໥Ĵһγһβɴݵı


546 ²
νĻˣս֮УСΪ˫ĺеĹϵͨѾǲɱˣҲˣŵ˰սʵĽ
֮ͨУҵĹȻԼҵı죬ʱĿʼƣսڻѾһִںϵĳ̶ȣҴ󲿷ֵĹҹϵ
һССҺС˵Щҵͳһ±κεһ۹ѷɫǿˡ
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ģĻǲ۵ġ
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ڱ޴ĵ棬½ǮѾ޷ˣıǱлǵҩҩɵĶ˼µƷǮͿõġ
˵ıѾҶ쿴˹ȥȴֶԷıǵȻɵðԸ̾ʦҩ޹Ȼǳˡ
˵֮Եøˣһ¥ĳǧ˵ҲǼ˵ĳ̶ȡҰŸɨ֮ˡ
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ܹӵֲȻΪҲǳĲһ㡣
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һɿֲҩ֮·һֹСѾͷǾµСʱĿʼúǿҵҩ֮Լ屻ΧһֲĵҩΧ
žžž
һСһƺǿʼ΢΢
ԭϸĽ𽥷
һ̵ʱ䣬һСظǿʼ׳ĳɳ
״ԽԽԲ֮ŽϵͦԵøӵͦ
⾫аĽ¸Ҷ첻ɵôһͯվޡζ

һԴɫĳܿĴСһ˳˸̬ԵĴһֱ˵ϢȻʵ˲١
СѾͷȥĻҲܿıԺҳƽ˰ɡ
ҶаԵЦ
ڵ״̬ѪӦúܿͻƵʦĲϣʮʦԵʸȥҶ쾺
ҶѾ𽥵ļ˶ڵҩĹӦϾķʳҩֻԼȥʸɾϵϾ硣
Ϊʱḷ́ܶټҶȥάϵû˿Ѫı仯ȴСһϢ𽥵Ŀʼƽ֮ҶɿԼơ
ĿһȦΧʯĵҩҩҶüͷ΢΢ϵıûжٵı仯ȴһľκˡ
ʥ
Ħڭֹ
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ϴ軨

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˵֮ϲû˿ļ֮ɫ൱ϲȫһʦֿʦʱӵеĴ顣
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ҪһԵˣʦܵĻԵܺãõһ֮ݸɺϵЩ˷ָ
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ӨĹâ˸Եøˡ
ֻһҩˣһƷ
²ݡˡ
Ҷ˵
ʱһȴ˳
֪˭Ļ㾹ȻҶ˵ţǲǴ֮ìܰ


547 Ҳ
֮вٵѾ¶ü̬ѡԼҪƷȵıҪãƷÿһ൱ģ˵ĳȻ˵ķС
žžž
һĽŲһѾ˵㣡
һ֮Ҷüͷ壬Ϊһ˵ǿһϤס
аԵĸ̾
ȻСѲ겻ɢʵ񡣡
ԭ˵еһλǸոշֿõӣǸ֮껵ļһ
һλͬ߳۵ҲǰȻվߣһĻۺϽװβϵĴ磬ȻǴ˶ԷǷͬһݡ
һͷĻɫȴͬҶѪɫĳѪɫ˵ڻ档
һԴâ˫ĿͬȻɵˮһ
òߴģڶԷ֮ҶߵλŮȴ΢΢һԺÿü
Ӣ̬˵ǺŮӻӭģǺܿϧǶԷȴͨҪ԰׺ݶࡣ
ǲΪɫƵԵʣɵġ
ҶߵŮȻǶ˲ð
ǡҾ֪кöġ
һһɾ˵ȻһֿµٶȽΧ׿ռҩȫ˸ɸɾ
þ
Ҷüͷ΢΢Ե˵
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һϢ͵Ĵ걳λϱ˳һλ̬һλ뷢׵ߡ
˵˲ӿĴвɵòһµɧռеѹͿռı·һɽһӿѹơ
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ƺʹ˲һһ˵ƺɵĳŶԷѹƹ
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¶һĨŭ⣺
ǵҪﹺĻǾĿɣҪҵĻ˵Ҫλ˵һˣڰսƿأʣµҲѾҪˡ
һ֮֮껵ɫ΢΢һ䣬ɫ԰׵Ҳɫ΢䣬ԵĶڰս൱ļɵ
Ǻǡĸ˵ǲ򱦱أȻԳڱҲӦô򿪴ģҲֻ˵Ӷѡ
˭ԿóһڵĿԵĴһʾ
ǺǡǽǰΪӵģΪ򶯸ɸ갡
֮Ц˵ЦȴһĨݡ
ΪĴӣ֮껱һ֮֮ϵݣһֻ߰вű˵ԴǰĿȴٵĻ˵˵ĶԼڱŰսͷ˵̣ɨ˱˵ӸɨԼεĲŭ
Ҫﹺ򣬾⣬ҪµĻҴ˵ط˲ӻȴû˵
һϵش˳ԼһɿµİԵ֮Ȼ
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Ҷкǿ϶жϵ
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Դֵ̿໥һۣ˲Ĳһϵĺˮ
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վ֮ǸֵĶ֮˵
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ڱУ൱ĸģ˸µԷҵʦŴʦƺŵĲ׺һΣʶǿҲλȻӵ޿֡
֮껺ͺ췢ӵɫһѾҲȥˣ뿪ǻὫ潵͵ĸӾˣֻĺһ֮󣬼ǰȥ
ҶҡҡͷĿǰһ²ݡ
²ݣһ൱ݣ쳣⹦ЧҲǿֲĺܣΪҪʥˮеҪҩ֮һ
ƬҶѾγһڻϻɫ϶ѽ൱Ҷѡ׼ˡ
΢΢Ŀһ²ݣʱһĵ˱Ƕ
֮Уһ˳ź³֮кܿıһ˿ůĲ
ȻǴٽ徭޸ƷݣһĸоƳɵҩĻ»ӵĿ¡
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֮껵ɫԽѿʱͻȻһϤӰǰһĨЦͷϳ˳Ķź췢ӵĶֹ˼䣬ߵϺܿҲյЦݡ
ǿһ𣿡
òŮӿҶ۲Ķ̲סʵ
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Ҷ΢΢ĵ˵ͷ
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仰ѩĵʱһ糺죬ȴ֪Ҷ˵仰֮ϵһʹν൱ҡ
²Ǹ൱Ҫһζ
һĨЦӱ¶˳֣ѩĵҲ֮΢΢ı仯ڿҶҲһĨǡ
ڱʵ̫ϤˣÿҪ˵ʱ
ⱦĻȴͻȻһת
Ǵʦ֮ȻҲͲҪˣҵʦ֪ʦҪȴҪռ˵Ļ˵ûὫҸϳʦŵġ

ԭһǵѩ⻰֮ʱı仯СǱס·޷⻰ȻǴӱ˵ġ
ҩݡҪˡ
ڼ˻ڽʱͻȻһֻ͵쵽֮䣬εذ²ϵľʯ档
Ҷüͷ΢΢ǰһĸָķһı졣
ѪüµСɱ⡣
˵֮˲ǱǸղŻµĺ췢ӡ
νĺѣ֮껲ǸöѿҲˡ
λҩλȿϵġ
ɫʱһƬҶݺʵܹ˽ģƾʦҶƳ磬Ҷﲻá
췢Ӻ֮껲ᱦǶҶ첻мЦ
ҩҪˣ𣿡


548 Թ
Ҫ²ݣ
ЦЦɫҶϸ֣֪ΪʲôڿҶƽЦ֮һɿµĺ⾹Ȼ˼Ĵ췢ӵпӿȻҶںƽĺԼǺ췢һֺԵĸоǰҶһĻɽһҲҪˡ
ιô˵ᣬλȿϵҩݣô̫˵𣿡
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췢ӵɫ΢΢һԷĻڽѵԼΪ۹Ļӣ췢һֱҪ÷Ҫģ֮£֮ϣٵĻ˵ҵԼѵԼ
ǵ췢ӵ˫ĿҶƵѩĵ֮󣬶ʱ˫Ŀǿҵռ
ԼʮѩĻ϶Ѿ൱ˣľԳ˴󲿷ֵŮӣǷ·ҳһĽú췢ԼôĿˡ
ŶԷǺ޵С죬췢ӵ΢΢ͷһǣѵЦ
ˣҿСӺСô֪ǡأ
Ҷüͷ΢΢Է⻰ʵǲһλڻˣ֮˽̵Ļӡ
ѩȻδܹ˵ĶԴ͵Ϸһʱһ㶣Ǻܿȴ˶Է仰˼϶ʱһ糺죺
޳ܣ
˱ŭȻǱһζ糺ɫĹâһ֮ķŭ֮΢¶֮һĨѩɫĹ˸ȴʾһĲ˿ʼࡣ
һеһ޲ֳ˶Է̬
ʱ췢ٴεͬһĵЦ
СݡûݡҪԹ֮ſ֪ģ˵ھҪԵĻǲҴһȥ԰
ѩĵʱѾ÷·ҪγˮΪһλŮӣڱݲͣ˼˼дɫģȴҲٻǰ֮˴ֱɵĳ̶ȣյ͵Ϸ
ɫʱѾൽ˼ޣΪڱĸ֮һûм֮ˣȴδģվߵĸδ֣ڱĸȻҲǲ׵ĳ֣һõĻܻܿǶ֮սġ
ǰĽѩĵ׷׵¶˷ŭɫڿ췢Ӻ֮λ֮ȴ˵ȴˡ
ȻҲвٵЦӯӯĿһĳ֣ȻڿϷ
˭Ҳûп췢Ӻ֮ߵļλǿȴɫЩ̫ˣΪǿֻǿʹһĸǵ󱣻ЩӵİȫʵǿȫĲġ
ΪԼԺļ̳ߣҪԼĵ۹𣬵ҵĻȴڴ֮ͥµĵϷһŮӣ˵ǵɫεĺÿ
֮껺Ǻ췢ֻڷйǱ̬ĿУȴû뵽ǵľٶѾüλǿߵв൱ĸı䡣
ָıǸϵġ
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СǺ̵ĻԵһϵĶġ
ڿ췢һ̰ɫ֮ȴٴε˼ƽϣĶҶЦ˵
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ԭҶڴѩģȴҶһ仰֮û˻ʱһĨʧչ˳
֮ٴεĴյҶĶߵ˵
Сӣڵʽɣӵһۼʱ򣬱ӱû˿ĺøУ㾹ȻǸ׳ճΪѣȻǷ֮
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ĻʱΧ춯һ󼱴ٵĽŲһֲϢʼʮλŰɫ۵Ĵʦǿ߷׷׵վΧȻŵλǿߣȴ·޿һ޾ɫ
ȻԼߵλǿţǵöĸֳ֮󣬺췢Ӻ֮껻̲סĸоз
λȴ·ûиоһеı仯һ˫ĿǻȻ⡣
ϵĳȴԼĿϲϣƺһµӿ
Ǻǡ֮껣ǱǸ˵ҴӦˡ
ЦŶ֮껣Ҷﻺ˵
ҽûǴӦĺãĻҿɲΪһý
췢վǰ棬ḧϳ߰ĶҶ죬һԶҶӡ
һͽȻҶָϼһ̵λɫı仯һ޷֪֮ɫĳΧȥ

ֻһ֣ȴĪѹ
·ħ˺ڶ߻ص
λٵһһȴѾ֮껶Ӳߣڻδ׷ʲôǰԹȴҶ죬ӽˡ


549 
ˣΪʲôΪʲôͻȻҪ뿪
֮൱ˬʵϢǴһ޷ڸǵ𱸺ʣҪǻԷޣ֮һƵ˦ȥˣǶԷеػ֮εİ׳Ҳ֪˶ԷԼǱɱԼĸʣĵκεķ뷨ġ
𣿡
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ߵɫһ漴Ц˵
һֻһѵڽ뵽۹ǱֻǴ˶ѣ㸸ǴģΪı㳤㾭飬ʶһ£ٸ˵ķ˵Ҽǲͽð֮Ҳ
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ϵϢԵɢȥһ֮껵ѾʼڵĴϢȴɿĹڵ϶һ̬
л顣
֮껺ԼͻԼĸʶԼԼļԼɲǶӣ滹λλ΢ĶӣȻ˵ĵλǱ΢λδһнпܡ
뵽Щ֮дǰϼһȴұֳһ˿һĲղŵּҪԼᵽϢĸоԵĲȥƷڶˡ
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ԽԽǿҵĸоҶϿʼˣѪ𽥵Ŀʼ˳֮ɫС΢΢ſУϢϵĴҶҶ쾹ȻĶĸо
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Ķдһ޷ڸǵİԵѪǿֲɱⷿвһ൱µ⣬ҶȴЦŸѪСԴ˵ͷ

ͻȻĸоԼǰһ⣬ʱѪŷԼȻǰԹı¶ҶǰղŻСϻʱʧ֮һλŮı֣ٵܵ˴ϸסԼ塣

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³һڳƺ¶˽Ѻͷŵ飬ˮĴǱɫ˫Ŀ
ԸˣԸڵȴˣ·ǶһڹͷϵԸȫıͷ˳ǶȻҲȫʧˡ
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èĻﴫɫҲʼѿһֱʵǿҶ쾹Ȼӵһֻɫèǲ⣬ȴû뵽ǣһﾹȻ˵ƺʵס

ʴϿʼ޷ʱɫ쳣ŤܹԳƱ˻ʲôˣ

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ĵѾ˱˪һĲٵĲ
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ݺ֮УȻһ˿⣡
¶˲мɫеĳ׵磬׵նһһѾĿȥĲӡ


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ԴҶѾû˿ʴȣɱǣе꣬ȴɵĲŹġ

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ûһƣҶѾһ˲֮Ѫߡ
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ٴεٴεĴ룡
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СﲻϵĺУϵŭ߳
ǲģεǿ󣬵ǲģҽԶʡҺܿҲҵģ֪ĸ׸ղŽеǶôˬĸײΪɱģΪɳܵıԼҲǵģĸŮһģǱ֮ˡ
׼ҵˣҪɱ㡣
Ѫгӿ˴̴ٶȣǺȻ׽ûʧǱø
ΪʲôΪʲô㻹Ϊʲôǡ
ѪĽе
СˣɣҵĻаɣҿģһ֪ϻбģ¶֪¶ģΪûκεˣǶֻϲ壬ϲ۸㣬𣿡
׽ĽдʱԵĴһȻ
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Ҷг֪ѪΪʲôû߳þˣΪǿ׽þи
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ƺСèһҶĶ߻죬ĸУҶ쵭˵
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ѪļеһѳָҶ죺
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ıͻȻųɵĹ⻪еͭƺǿʼԽ


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ʦ𡭡Ȳ
һݵŭ˺ѣ񷣬Թ޵Ϣʼγʵʣ֮У֮£·΢΢һ£ͼΪⱯ߰ࡣ
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֮ӭ϶·޷µбʦֵĳֻԹͲʣ



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һȥʮŮȴĹվҶֻЩ衣

۹еһλʦޣʵǱȽϵǿᣬټϼһֱͺ۹ĻҽãȻҲ͵ݱȽϵ⣬ȻֻһλͨĻʼӳǼһЩ۹Ĵ󳼶࿴һ棬ӴĶˣʶҲʼ
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565 ټ
л֮УǻӵƶʱĲ
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Ǻǡܵһλѧ֮ˣҶںܶϵļⶼѰ֮˵⣬ӦǺйͬԵģϴε飬ȷʵҵĲԣһСϵǵǸġ
һһСԭġӡĳνһ仯ȻԣȴҲѾǺܴĽˣǶҶ˵һжֻǼѣһôȥ仯ԼǾԵĲŵġ
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Ҷ첻ÿɷЦЦݵĻаһֵȻĳͲм
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һǺǸģԭʱҶһЩ⣬ϣ㲻Ҫϡ
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оԷԹӣҶ̲סĴһһɱʵ̫ˡ
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ٺ١ǵ̵Ļȷʵ൱ߣĵΣ˵õ֮һĻǷɧĹǵЩŮ˸ӵиоء

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ǱԼѷɫԼڸоĻǸӵǿͬ׵ĸ֣ԼҲͰˣҶߵĶԴʼû˿ı֣Լһ۵ӶǷ
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һֱһʮƻ֮Ҷ²Է˵ıȶǲǹΪ֮ģĻôͲѡЩ޸ĵĵطأ
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569 Ȧ
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ҶϸϸĿȥȻһӰ᰾ĵżֵƣ̬֮Ҳʼƽ
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һλŷϢзǴһ˿ǿҵĲȻǶڴ൱⡭


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˵֮䣬Ѿ˹һ˫ԵĴһƽâ˫Ŀ·ӥһâֱ̬˵ĺܡ
ģȥǿ£ϵֵЦԵø⣬紺һĺгҶܿıӶԷ׼˶Է¶ֱֻۡ
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Ȼ֮ܿоԼĻЩԾǳǱ̬ҶʲôһʮɾĲΣʲô̬
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һ϶ͼ
Ҷ찵Ե˵
һ㵱ȻҲֻĳģļҲһ㡭


573 ʧܵĽ
һϢ·ϿһɽѹһֳѪ겻俪ʼסԼأϢֵأмܣ˻϶ٴﵽĲΣ˶һʿСһ˵Ϊʱĳѹ
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ǺǡϵܣҪˣɶҪĽǺ֮亱ĻΪ㹻ı֤ԼܹٵģͻһСҲǲܵģǲ㻻ĻȻǳԿˣﻹиõģкܶĽѡģֻǹһǡ;žѣֲ˽Ե⴫ѵ˵ҵƷʲô𣿡
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Լǰ൱ŭ꣬һֱĸĳ̲סһֵһ൱İĸо
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һλװһλɫۣ
ҶĻһúܣΪߺͺ߷ıеλǿߡ
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磬ƽûЩ׵飬ȴ˵ЩʲôֵˣѾΪеĻˣǿģҲ߹ģˣαȥǰأ

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뵽ҶߵѪ˫۵ĽԽ϶жϵ
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ĿʼأϵļԵùâɣ̬ͬǷһɹ⻪֮Уĺ·ǽҪˢһƬɫһ
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һһɼĽɫâҶĶʼע˵Уůĸоʼĺĸо޵ǡ
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չҶԽĸоˡħǾĿֲ֮תû֮ЧҲֻǿԺ͡ħǾΪͬȵζѣǼҲ㹻˵⡶ħǾǿᡣ
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ǿĸ֣ڱȶжˣһʹǿ޶ٲ⣬˺ҲΪȻҲѲһ㣬Ҷ첻һġħǾԼȡؼǳ֮Ϊġ
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һ˵һżȻֵʣȷ£ĸоʱǾʱˣ
νճֵʱУֵĵھŵâ
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һֻèɣһһ֮ɫ̬ô൱ıŤȴԵø档
Ŵڰ˯·һֻСèһѪҶ¶һ˿Ц⣬뵽СѾͷķٶҶ̲סεĿЦһǡ
ͬʱһȴҲȻ뵽СѾͷ΢㴽̬뵽СزϵԼŤӣţˮϵʵӣ崿дģдŻȵĸоҶ첻Ŀʼ˶ˡ廹ϵ
λεȣ˳ŻĻҶ첻ɵ𲻾ǰԼ촽ϵ޵Ļ꣬дͻĸоһҲûȳζ
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ҶεĿЦСһĳ¶һĨ֮ɫ޵ĺ촽棬һĨӨĹâԵøҶ첻Ŀʼ뵽ҹСо

һӣҶѾǳԼҪȥݼһҶȻ˵ûжٵѹ뵽һλ̨Ȼ䲻Ŀʼ¶Щ顣
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һ￴ЩҶʱεĿЦ뵽ҹ֮ķȻ˵δѪִȫȫĸоʹ̼Եıĳӵҡ
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һ۾󣬵񣬵ڿʱ򣬷·ϮһȻӢȴҲʵĺܡ
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УԸҲû˻ȥ
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Ǽɫ΢΢һ䣬ĳҶٴο˹ȥ
ȻҶϵѾεסֻ޵ľڲһʺԼΣϢȴ˳ĻĶҶЦ
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Ҷ΢΢Ķһ£ȫĸ㲻ڿأ
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ڤеıǲ٣Ҫóһ㹻ŷ˻ҪԽġ
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˸ߵâҶѾȷˣԼҪǻ񡭡


582 ټѪ֮ħŮ
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ССһһðһŮװһڻǷؼѹһĻС
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ԽԽĹز˸ſֲĺɫɫ棬ܼٵɢٵͨǱɿֲѹ˺ѡ

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584 ϷħŮ
쵰СӣΪСͿΪΪѾ㹻ˣ㲻ҪҪ
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᰾ģҪҲû취ﲻƽĻǾܵĻҵ㣡
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ǿ˿ûͣЪֱӵ˳ŶԷ֫ٺԵĿʼߡ
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ҶвһһȷʵҲЩԤϣӣԼϲϵĴζ̲סĿʼѪҺ
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ԭĸְֻĸֲʸ֮Ϊʥģ
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ɱɫһ·µϢֱᵽ˲ݵζʱһҶķѪǻĻҲֹҶķġ
һʮǿ߱ǵμ˭Ҳ޷ܵġ
ܻ
ɱͻȻ˵
ɫһ䣬漴Ĳ˵ӵļӿԼĲܵʵǺȻ쳣ֶǹʱڵȴҲ޷λµǿ໥ĶԱȵģǻλʢŭ֮µǿߣǴǳصģǳصģ
ǵ˵Ļ֮껣ˣ
ʱҶɫ糣ǺĲˣ
־Եǣ˫Ŀźζֱǳһ˳ܵļޣ
ɱһΪԼŮˣҶ컯Ϊޣ
Ȼ鴦ŹŹ֣Ҷȴȥ˼Щˣˣһδε۹дãõħ֮ȻҪܣǺεȵ裬Ҷڲˣ룡
𡭡
һŭ
һ̣Ҷ϶Ť̬
֮аϵĪѹд˳಻ŭ֮ٲȻѾһг׵ķһ
ؾ䣬衭
һ쭷һ˵Ӱ¾ȻʼıǶôܰ
Уǿʼ΢΢ѹֵõͷŵĸо޿ʼĲ
ڿУⷽԲ׵ķΧγһƬɬ
ĹݣǹݣѹƣǱǿеѹҪݣǲòɿµѹ¿ʼ
һĿѹ
ŭħŭħ
ٿҶ˵̲סĸоѪһķӿǾʹ˵صҲ
Ե
İԵ
Ҷ쳹׵ˣ
İɫ΢΢һ䣬ԭоħʵȻǿ󣬵ĺܣܿܲԷڣԸһɱ֮ˣһŭͬħ̼ۣʵҲʵȴҲ̲סĸоԼĺЩٺǿ
⡭ħʵ𣿡
ǲߴӰ̲ͫסĿʼ
ĲҲ˵ĸоҶ׷ɫһ䣬ɱԼ֮֮ʱŷԼȻҶ첻ϵ߶ۣɽ۷ŵˡ
ûСӣصĹ
װ̲ס˵֮ȴû˵ֻгɫ΢΢һҶٴε
ңңĳķϳſĺèȻԼ˫Ŀ
ôŭⰡСѲǵ
ɫεͬһɫľӣǱĹɢ±ů⣬ﻨ֮Уֳһ̬
˾׵ĻУȴƺԵЩѹ֣·Ǳ꼴һĹء
Ǻеһټı
ԭֻǺ޽ļõĽȻ˵ķѵ൱Ĵ󣬵ȴٵĻסΪ̫Ļ󣬵ԴĻӻ֮ҲͳΪʱľס֮ء
Ľڰʾ˺۹ֲĲ
һλλĻصѲӣЩ޲ػλӻ֮ˣȻǵıǿػǿ߻϶뿪ػҲ䵽ǵļϡ
ҵˣҵˡ
һŵЦͻȻĴһд˳
һķУ˳λӺһλĽСŮŮһĴϣһһλȫסԷӣһλȴŽɫĳһӺݵĽɫۣӢ澡ЩϢ˲֮껻˭
ǱڴϵŮǱѪꡣ
ӣѾˣ;ðɣĴʱ
дϢŻﴫڿѪʱ˫ĿҲ̲סһĨǿҵȴǿеѹ
һζлİˡȥǼһкɣ̵ĸϹöȻһĺð
ǼһȻָıǺ췢ˣʵĻɫ֮ȻԸָˣ˵Ǽһ֪Ļָ˷ѣֻܹ֮ʹˡ
İɣһ뵽ġ㾡ܵľŪɣľɫ˸ʮĻҲܲסģѾ۲ˣŮǸŮֽպȤһġ
˵Щ֮֮껵ɫʱþϲͷ֫סѪ꣬ٿԷһ̲סķıǳ˵֮ɫ
澣㾹Ȼűӡ㣬Ȼǿᣬǿߵĵӣ߿Ϊ֧ţǿ߲ǴǿᣬȴҲҶԱΣҵƷ˱ӵֶ֮ҲԵĲ뿪ģ
ȫסļһǱ˴΢΢壬ǸλЦһ˫ĿиǱ˿Ĺâ
ȥ֪ͨˣӾʩչɡ²˵ذ
һ仰׵֮껵ɫʼһֿµ̶ȡ
ѪĽȺʵ̬뵽֮ҪԼˣǿҵжʱϢʼûʱ¶ͳ֮ɫδĸо
ݺݵؿѪ֮꣬껵¶˴ε̬Ц
˵𣿡
˵ѾѪоʪϢǣһһöɫĵС
ǰˣ
Ҷ˵һӰǣ˱֮ǰµ˸תĺȵ
߲
Ԫ䡭
֮껡
䡭


589 ս
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ҵıըУǾ޴ľ֮űҶ׵ĻУһԴݿƻƬΧٵļ˳ȥ
ֲӴſʼ쵽ıУǶ֮ˣĻûκεһ˻ġ
ݡ
ƿ֮쳹˽ԭƽɫεƺǿʼøӵı˵ȴһĨɱϢ
˵ڴ˷ɲ֪˵ǵ۶صأ

ң
ŭ߳һ̽ӽ˵ĶƺƵĳ˹ԷɫƣӴĻЩ˷ıǺ۹Ļǡ
ǰĴűĻΪƬ˵ɫʱٴһ䣬ĽĿ⳯Ҷ쿴˹ȥ
˫ֱɭϢڲϵת˫Ŀ֮УǾӨ֮ɫĹâϵţ˵ĺ⡣
Ҷ߶Уϵȴһĳɱǿ
֮껳˵
쳣ڼһ˿޷ƵĲڷһıŷ
˭ֱӵ䣬Һ۹ĴţΪ޷첻ɣ
͡
תһȻֹҶǰȴһֱۡ
˵֮˿ԼѵֱۣɫһķףܿǲҵʹڵĴݵ˴У

Ĳҽ쳹
󣡡
˷׷׵ŭ
赲֮·ߡɱ⣡
䡭
˫Ŀ֮Уɺ챩һҶ˶·޵ľУŭХеһ˿˿ĶͿʼܲסˡ
䡭
һ޴ɵԲȦγҶΧҼٵתţһ̱ͻأı˳ǽĻǱɿµͷĻһ˲䣬һӵʱѣΧĻѾ˴롣
Ѫ˷Ӳһ̽䵽˴ϣԭεвƺǿʼ糺
֮껡ˣ
ŭҶĿʼǵǰȥ
Ͱеٵĳһ̵ʱѾҶǰȥ
֮УǻķУ֮껵¶˷ĹâǰʮС˺ʼ𽥵ıüǽһͿȰ
ԽСˣ۵ĽԽĴ̼ˣһǳСŮˣȴķȻȴѾֹģأһ԰֬һľһѩ׵޳һԻԲȣʱѾʼĦ
µϹ糺죬ǱϢ糺֮ںһʾ˺εȵ̬ջ֮
ҧѪԵڳҩʴ屻ԽߣҩȻδıǱøӵĿ
ֻǺ֮ѣѪĽѩɫļϳֳһ糺âȥ쳣
һɹɵϵ˳СѪӣʼҧˣȴһܵȼոֹ
ʼŤˣԡ̬ܿģͲֻǻŤˣȻǷǱѰĵҩ
֮˷ܵ˵˵ԺٴεĸֳǸӰɫһţ
Сӣ⣬ΪԼһλǿߵĵΪӱ𣿽ձӾҪ㣬ǿߵĵӣҪŪҲʱĿԵģȵŮ˵̵ĺˣһҪݺݵ
֮껡ˣ
һͻأĳ֮껵Ķߣͬʱ˭ҲûпѪϣһɺâؿڴһţȴٴεĸ֣ȻŨ
Ǵʱ֮ȴûۿ뷨ˣͬǱԼϴ̴һ֮㿪ʼ׵ˡ
ôܣô
뷨Ҷǲô̵ʱбģȴ֪ȥƺĽ˵˳
ʱȻҲֲȥ˼ˣɿĴ·ĿһѪ꣬ȴһɺɫĹâѪϻƣ
ô£
ǰı仯ɫʱٴεһ䣬ͬʱٵĳ֣Ժвɵ˸ǸصӰĵʦ
Ȼʵһ֮ȴԼĸʶСһֱ뵽Щ֮ٵӴ
ҶŲ֮һжǿеƻˣϵŷͰ񼱴ٵĿ·һʱٶٴεǿ
ΧЩѾ뵽̶ȵޣҶ¶һĨ⣺
ĻҪֱ֡
ƺԼѾҶڵļˣΪǳǰı¶ĻҶͿʼһˡ
λǿ̲ס໥һۣѾǵҶĻĸѪͷˣεǶԸһλǿ߶սϣȻǵʵǿĺܣȴҲǿߵĶְ
Ϊ׵ε˵
ˣҲǷػƽϢ֮ŭȵعĻΣ
ҶЦˣ
Цкεȵı䣺
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Цһ£һѾ˲Ӱ
ڵҶǲܶԷʲôˣԭǹ˼ɵĻڵѾ׵ķǳ棬ҶƾԼͰλĲΣ㹻öԷĺѿ
ʲô
Ҷ˵仰ʱλǿѾɫ
ǴʱǸûкڵĿˣĵƥϢĽǵ
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쭷磡

һ˲䳹׵ıŷ˳
͡
£Ĳһ̣˺ѣѾԼ
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λ˲ĵɳȥȻ˵˲Ǵʱȴ¶޷ŵɫΪǵж˲סˡ
ꡭ
ǰֱۡ˫ȡ治ϵķѺݶԴ͵Ķ

Ҷĺȵ
λǿߵϲ¶ɫҶİԵҶ޵УǸǰĹضѾӡǵԺУȻ裬ȴ֪Լ޷
Ϊ۹еǿɶǿݺʵ֮µǿȴ׵ĻεģѾˡ
ĿһۣڱеӰǸоεģһҶֽ쳹½
ֺ۹
εȵ磡


590 ݣ
֮껡˭Ҳܱס㣡
Ҷﵭ˵˵˫ĿȴѾĳ˹ȥ
֮£Բ׵ķΧѾƿ֮Уһ־Եƿأһ˿һĽΪԺвɸѡ
ǿᣡ
񱩣
֮껵ӰҲҶԺС
ͬʱģһλϵӰҲ߳ˣصĲ͹صҶɫ΢䣬ȴѾжϳ˵ݡ
Уλȫסؼһ
ʵȴӵźǿһٺ͵λй޲
ΪҶŴ
˻˵˵ȴѾϵı⿪¶һŲϵ
һſȥʮӵĲףϳ˵صĻƣˣڴ˵֫¶ļҲǳһɫĻƣЩƹض죬ʵֺĸоǶڵҶȴѾû뷨ڵֻǽԼĿ⳯ŶԷߵǸ꿴ȥΪԼҪѰҵĿꡪ֮껣
Ҫ֮û˿ĽǰΪֻΪ֮껣
˵䣬һѪѾε˶Է
ͬʱϵٴεıŷ֮һ޴ľƿһ㣬Ϣǳ𣬻һʵʵֱӴգ׸߿ϵƶ価Ľ顣
Ҷ˵Ķţһʱ֮껸оԼĺʼǿǵ˫Ŀȴ̺ɱ⣬Ѫȡ
һ˲Ŀʼ·ԼǰվŵĲһˣһħһΪ֮ҵĺˣǻӻһֱڴСϸѵСϰĻӻҲ紫Եǰ㲻ǿʿǿԴﵽġ
ҶҲһֵĸоһָоͷ·ʱ򣬶սϵһֻ֮һĿֲ
ԷҲ˵Ҳ˵Ķȴ󲻶ҲԼӲȥֲݵ̬Ǵֵķ򣬲ɱ¾ķ
ȴһλ֮ǿǿϣ
֮޷ţҶʵȻﵽǿУ֪ĻҲȥ׵ĴѪġ
뵽ԼȻȥǿŮˣⲻʲôʱ֮ǽһڰԼľٶ˵˵ȥʲôãƫƫȥٵŮ˿ԼӻȴƫƫѰǿߵŮˣһʷΪʱ֪ԼǾһˡ
ǰ꣬ڵӣڲϵĵӣ
Ѫ˵ɱ⣬ԼޱһеһжǺεȵĿֲ
Ϊӵ½ϵҪ鲢İʷΪǲ֪ȴ֪Ҷ뵽ԼǸĵܵܣȻԽύµĶʼŤ
ʮǿ߰ǰ׳գǰ׳հǰ׳ҲѾͱ죡
Укܶǿߣǿ߸Ǵﵽλټǰλˣ㹻ӺܶǿޣеȴҲܵģҶеһΪҶ̫СΪ̫ˣû뵽Լȥﵽһ¼һ
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ҪΪ
ҶѾоѪϢ˵Ϣ𽥵ĿʼŻ
ಡ
̼ҶһٴεƵ˶Էǰ
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ǺǡϷļ˾λкһ£ӦÿΪġ
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뵽ԭֹصĸоҶ쵹˶ԷĻҶȴûͶԷ޺ͼ˾֮ʲôϵ΢΢̧ͷ֮껵˵
׼𣿡
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Ҷ֮Ȼͬ죬ɱ֮˵ĺܣϷǺ棬ʲôǵĴŭҪ֮ɱſأ
ָٵסҶ˫ĿⱩŸȵ
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˼˾ɫʱһ䣬Ѫꡭ
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ô簡Ŀ֮У᱾ŮˣŪ˱ͻô磬ôϰð
ҶſֲİԵ֮ѸٵĴݵ˰ǡ
ÿһε˵޲˼˾ɫò԰׼֡
ǲʲôأҪ֪
ûһûһ㶼û
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˼˾ɫʱĿʼòҰ
ڵѾûˣǿڽ֮󣬱Ѹ£ǵݴӴٵλͨˡ
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ꡭ
ȭͷסԵĻ˼˾Ҫһ
㡭ʲôҪ˵𣿡
΢΢Ŀһ۶ԷҶ쵭˵
һɱϢĴһȴѾڽⷽԲȫ
ҡҡһᣡ
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˼˾ɫ΢䣬һ̳趯˫ֿٵĽ֯һ
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һصϾȻĻߣ仯Ĺâ֮껺˼˾ǰݺݵسǰ赲
Ԫٵı߲ȻԷ˲Ļֻⲻһӵʱѣһ˼˾Ѿ֮ߵһߡ
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˼˾ڿʼ仯ʱǲԼ۹ĻӱҶɱȴ޶ԵģҶɫȴ޷ıƽ
ֻһλѰǿߣҲпܻת˵һλʮǿߵĻ飬ǲյġ
εģ֮Ĳʵ̫ľ޴Щʮǿߣ˭ܹ֤ڶʮ꣬ʮǰ֮ﵽһεȵĳ̶ȡ
û˻֪ģ޿ܵı仯޷ƿء
һݣһݰ
һĨŭڵĿʼ˼˾ȼΪ۹Ĵ˾ϵҫȨδܹǰķ쭣Լ۹ĻĪĹϵǱԷ̬Ҳǿʼ
ΪĻʦΪػһĵλԼĵ۹֮ν൱µġ
ҶѾ׵ŭ
ܺáȻ˵ĻǾ԰ɣ
žžž
Ҷ֮ϣԷȻÿĻҶȻҲʹ˵ֵͣģԼѱҶۣ֮껺Ѿۣ˵ɣ
֮俪ʼ˳ֵĽ֮ļһӵһߣ˼˾ϵıҲٵ忪ʼĻ
ǹص·ϵݻƺڱʾĳصһ漴Ťвϵıʼ޷ԶƮ
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ʱ䣬ȻֻʵͨﵽȴɵıǿߵƲСй֮
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ת֮Уŭ֮УȵĻ沨֮СԵȻǹӡǵĳֿʼȫй˳
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ͬʱһԾԾԵĸоʼ
Ҷ죡¹˭
Ȼ˵һƲһ㣬ǷҶ죬Ҳ˿ĲѷɫڶԷ
˵ǰΪ˼˾һɿĻҶһزۡһȫûб仯־˵ȴ˹ľˣ˿δͣЪϵĳŶԷ˹ȥ
һǹصļ˾һǲʮﵽ̶ȵĿޣ
ߵ˫Ŀ͵ĶԽһ
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֮۵Ĺ۲֮£һΪޣһеһжĶУȴо˶ԷΧȻ̲ˮȵľۼ
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һŭӴ˾ﴫ˳Ǻ벻ϵƮ֮Уħ
ŭУһĵһռ·ܵĳֹƿһ㣬ѸٵŤ
һֻ޴ɫͷ֮У·ܵ˿ѹƣϵصŭţǾ޴ʮ׵ĳ̶ȣŤ֮Ҷжʼ
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צУ˼˾ɫҲò԰˼֣Ȼǿ׵ĳֲǱϵô򵥵ġ
ƷĲΣ
ҶаԵ˵еľɴڣֵıٻµļһһսʱǿ൱µģҶȴҲԵĸо˶ԷƺǼһ֣ݱøӲϼ֣ȻеĴۺԼԪĳϵ
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еѩǹ·Ƕ߳һ˴̶Ħǹ֮ǹ貵׵粻ϵıεȻǲѡֶ٣һֱ㳯ŶԷĺȥ
ҲһһҲһıҲ˾Ĳ֪ԼĻǶôĻ쵰ֻҪˣҪΪԼΪ۵ģǷѪķ
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ʱҶѾĽǹ̶ȴѸ쳣ĳŶԷֹȥ
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ͬʱĺȵ
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ΧȻٵľۼʮɫĴָϸĳߡ
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ҶΧѾһǹػԼ壬ǷȴҲڲϵĳԼϿʼϵײţÿһεײϵɫâɢ֡
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ֳǹͻ̣һֿٵĽӡŶԷ˹ȥ
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͡
λǿߵͬɽһĿʼ໥ײ
λǲʶֻڰǰż뵽ǵ۹ģصĺܣǶһλǿǵ۹ȻܾǶԷһλǿߣ
֮ͻȻ˵
һʱȻ󲨡
֮ɫҶϣǷƶǻ޼ҲڰһѪͷԵĻĺ뽫һһ
𣿡
Ҷ첻ÿɷЦš
ȭ
ָҶ쵭˵΢ϵϢȴӺ
ȭֻҪܹסҵȭôˣĻǾͲҪˣ
ʲô
һ֮ɫʱı仯
һСȻƵ˵ѾֻǷͬˣ
һ𣿡
֮Ц˵
ȻҲ
Ҷɵ˵
ãǽˣ
֮˵˿Ĳں¶ĲмĮɬ˭Ҳ֪ʱķ֮ǽһŭŭ
ҶѾǱƵһòľأٲȥĻǾԻΪеЦģ


596 껨طѩ
ȭ
ֻȭ
ɫʱþȻ˵ҶʵǾˣȴ޷ﵽȭλǿߵĳ̶ȣҶĻ￪ʼ¶˺ͻɵɫ
֮Ц¶ĺ⡣
ҡ
ɱҪ˵һȴѾǿе˻
磬ѵ˵˲ɣܾ𣿾Ӱװ׵ǵܰ
¶һĨ⣺
ߡȻ˵͸¶һɹŹ֮ɫܵҶҲѲģֻ˵Ǹ޷֣һǶֵģҪ˵Ҷߵصļһ㿴ǸļһûУһ֮û˿ͣ٣ҶֻⳤʱŲ˵ԷҪֵĻҿҲǶԷֵģһӦѾ뵽Ʒ۷ĲˣΪǳص𣿡
˵ٴεĿһȦЦ֮ɫĸŨ
쾧ľ֮ĵԼǳ񶼲ߣǸӵĻ֣Ļһ֣Ϊмʤ㣬ΪЩνм
˵ʱɫѿ֡
ǲܾ˵ģҶ졭һεǼˣһҪ黹ġ
ʱѾҶǷλĽסˣǸӵڴҶ쵽εĳܹǿΪԼһȭ㹻вλϳ֣
žžž
ǿĲҶͻȻı˳һ֮Ѿʼٵıź֮УҶĺ·ŨĻһ
ô죿
֮ɫʵ
ߡ£һ̵ĳ֣ѵûпСߵһھ˳ȻѾ׼һ£̵ıʩչǴʵǻ֮ǼʮҲֲһҶģһʮǿߣǾԻɾ֮λ㹻ɾʹ˵ġ
ĳҲ׵ķֵģҶļֵʵ̫ˣһʧȥĻʧȥһʮ֮˾ŽĿǱɣҿֻҪǷ֮֮һֹصĻԵĿʱϳֵġ
Ц˵
ݺЦ·ûΪʱ˿ݺ񣬵˭Сװļһ
Ҷ죡
Ѫ֮ħŮ·ΪϾıʯһҶ죬Ծʼת
һĹâȴһ༤һĿ±ˡ
ȥֻ᰾ľȻҳǴʱȴѪ֮ħŮһЦ̬һЦݣѪ֮ħŮвһŭ⣬漴Ĵȥ
᰾ġǵҸĻ֤֮ܵģ֮ǣҲҪȡ׼
öȴ᰾ĵĶ߷·Ƕħһ㣬˿ֲ쳣
岻Ĵһ֮᰾ĵɵøԹ˫Ŀȴһ㵭⡭
֮֮оҶϢϵı仯ϵ֮ɫһţΪѾ໥ѣ֮֮ȻֵܣȴҲ㹻Ĵﵽͨĳ̶ȡ
֮ܶ£Ǽ໥һ۶㹻Ŀ˫̬˼
ҶϣԵᵽһΣУΣУԴǳɾΪλ֮󣬱ٵĳ֣ߵ֣ͬλǿ߶ѵĸ㶨֮ͨ£Ѱ֮˿ƽĵġ
ȴһλСϸоΣֱǲ˼飡
ӡȭԴ似Ҳ״չֳĵʹõˣϣǲҪʧ
аһţһֶԼ似ŸǶԼʵϵϿɺΣǴӲ˵ȴҲԵλС
Ƿ֮֮ɫȴһ䣬Դ似
֮Ͱװ໥Ķӣȴӱ˴˵пһĨȺأȻ˴˶֪Ĵڡ
Դ似𣿡
ƽس֣һʧ·ǷƵ˵ĲԼһ㣬Ǿ⻰µһ˲䣬һɿµȴȻĴҶϱ˳
ɲ֮У·ǧĻɽ֮ѹƳġ
ͻƵĴһŰһȴѾ仯ǵذĿӿ
˫֮У֮ʼȵĻ棬ı˪ɲĴںϡ
ɫԽĹأԽľ
֮ĴںϣϵˣǿҲѵĴﵽ̶ȣӲҪ˵ʹˣϣ漣ʵ̫ˣ
ĴУѾʼϸϸĴԭЩֵǽͷҲʼоҶǱһһλǿ߽õĻƺһ൱ǵѡ񰡡

žž
桢˪֮ĳ֣ԽԽֲԽԽһЩʵϲЩ̲סĿʼź浹˹ȥ
֮֮໥Ķһۣϵĳ΢΢һһǾ˵Ҳ漴ͬǷԭٶȿʼȥ
ߵͨɲֻССλϣƺĽ֯໥ǢϸӵĿ񱩣ǱҶ˵Ҳ˿Ĳġ
ʱ˶ԿѾķﵽǧ׵ĵزУϵӣΧڳ
ƴ͸ϵĲһ׵ĸ߿ջֳΪ֣еԵ໥ںϡ
һ˲䣬һֻƴСķͻȻľ˲䱻Ľ顣
Ρ
ѪУһѪƫбĵߵм䣬мֵһ˲䣬Ķˣ
޼
žž
֮֮ĺȵֻƿٵĵһҶ˹ȥֻһͨͨĻ裬һַ豹Ϣȴ˵Ͽʼ
ɫͰɫľûһ磬ֱӵıΪĵгҶϮȥ
ĵѾĴһƬ⻬ĳ̶ȣֻΪΧˡ
ǹЦϣҶȴ˿δȴһУѾӻһԪһ̬ȴĺȵ

ȭȭӡ죡
𡭡

צâĿϺԵʥ衭
ʥѹʢ󡢿񱩡Ű
Ϣȫںϡ
һɢ棬һ֮
䡭
Ӵһ˲䣬еɫʼ仯
Ƿ֮֮岻ĳźݺݵȥֻϵĽӴǵѾǿеĻȥ
ҶȴδļҪɱһ
껨طѩºβҵΣ
һͻȻش˳


597 ۹ϵ
˫ϲУһȭ֮ʱ˫ɲֻһһ򵥵ںϣֹĳ̶ȣǿȭУҶԴԴϽһĿɲ
һȭ֮ºε磡
ߵ֮˵ɫʱΪ֮һģһҶĶΪ֮ҡǱøѸ
䡭
ֲ˫˫Ű̬Ѹ͵ĳצ֣֮ƿ˵ĿռѹƣΪȷͱλĴ̡
ۡ
ߡ
Ѫƺ
ʹչĳ֣ʱֻ֮֮λǿߵ徹Ȼ·Ǳһɽݺݵػһ׻ĲĿٵ˶ȥһ˵Ѿ
Ѫɢ䣬˵Ϻȴֻʧ˵ļ򵥣һӢ֮ȴڴ˿̻УԼ¶꣬꣬ɾϵ֮λȴȫĳΪ˶Էļ¡
ȫҶ죬һսεҶѾĺˣЩȴȫĽʧܵĻϵġ
ڳɫ޲Ŀʼ仯ĸ
˫ȭһȭ֮͵ĽһȭУ·̩ɽһϢӶ֮䣬е˶޲оԼĺʼüޱȣǵǰϵѹҲ֮ı⻹ֻǸоֲֿѹǸӵ޷ǺͶԷ໥ĶսĻֲֿǷǿԵֿסġ
Ѫ֮ħŮȻڸס޷ԷĽգ֮еľϲ֮ɫ˷ܹâȴԵ൱
֮ľȣװ޷ǲѿͷ·ǳ˴һʱ鶼չϣǻвٵھдһĨ᰾ġ
ʱ᰾ɫǽһѿԭΪҶȻʵǿ󣬵չֻһλʮ꣬⾭;鷽涼ǲģҲڴҶ챻֮֮ʹһٵΡ
κʵǲпģʹǱģǱʹĶȴҶ죬Ƿ֮֮ˡ

ĵͺһϵŤѪ֮ħŮ֮ϲɵõһģķ̡
һЦݿɲ֪Ƿ˼򵥣ΪԷȥ̱ˣȴҲڷԼϿҲ޷Ҷһνġ
Ȼ˵ȭϸ˵Ҳֻǵ֮һȭѣӵòٵоҶ似֮ǿεȵ졣
ͻȻʱһǿ̬Ϣͻأ˳һӰȴѾ˵ǰӰеһλ֮ɫ¶һĨѿ̬
˽ΪŰٻ۵ߣҰɫİٻ۳һƮƮɵʣע⣬Ϊ׵һλһꡣ
Ϸڣ촽ݣԼʮӣһ޴ķ֮ǵйϢ²һÿװƷò·һǴϵȴҶϲ̬
ڴ˵ıλĸ߾վߣȻվţȴʱĳΧɲϢƺʲôһ
Ȼɵĸ߰ڿǰλʱȴ¶֮ɫҶ쵹ǿú𾴿²ֵֻ򵥣ȫݡ
ٲסѲûɣ
һĨŭ⿡ʦڵҶüͷĸӽȴ˵
ʶ𣿡
طѩѩɫ¶һĨȣȴʵĵ˵ͷ
״ı桭
Ҷ˵ͷٴε˵
𣿡
ҡͷΪش
Ȼ˵ĻӦǴĳϸ΢Ĺϵɿ
طѩɫǵͨ죬ʱоҶڵ٩ԼĻǸ׳ˣ
㵽ʲô˼ֱӵ˵ɡ
ҶζЦ
ǡ˵ǺҼȲѣֲ˸ӵû˿ϵƾʲôסҾ͵ס֣
㡭
طѩɵһɬһҶǿеǰһĺȵ
ʲô㣿УΪʲôҪģʲôʲôˣ֮û˿Ĺϵ㾹ȻҪס֣Ǻε
͵£طѩ岻һǿܿһ죬ƺǸоʲôµѹһ
󵨡껨Ʋɣ
һλĿݵߴĺȵ
ѩǹ΢΢ðһƺâҶָߵԴ˵
˵ƾ𣿼ΣѲҲֲɣ
һɺصȥϢͻأıϢҶղŵϢȻĲͬ˵ղŵǴذѹڱ϶ļ̣ǹضϢ·̰ĳѹȥ
ҶлûɢԽӿʼԼѾ𽥵ıƵˣȴ˿δ¶档
ΨһܹԼ˿ҲһλصǿˣһȴڰһλڰĵˣҶֹɱ֮εܹܵסЩȴԼҶεĲȥ
ٸлĳԮǴʵǻ֮Ĺ
֮֮ǿվǰ߿Ц˵
һҶüͷ΢΢𣬹ȻطѩĿ΢ĶҶЦ˵
ߣѾֻǻ֮ˣΪ껨ĻѲɣٸǳԿ֮ڣȥί
˵ѩɫָ໥Ħ£ĶҶЦ˵
Ҷ졭˵㣬һ˹ʺ˵СԵɺϵĳɾλɲҪˣĺܣɶǣһֻе۹ӻ֮ˣǲҪĺܡ
֮Ͱװ΢΢üͷҪҶȴѾмŶ£
ߡ⻰ھ𣿡
ɭɭɱ˿ûڸǵı˳
ٸ
λĺһϵƷı˳
Ǻܾˣ
Ҷĸһҧŭ
͡

ֲϢ˵ϱӰļвɵİһ߾ȻȫĶǿߣ
žžž
װ֮ĵҶǰͬʱǳҲɿĶ
ߵĳ֣Χı仯ٴβ
ڡ񡭡㾹ȻҲҹ껨飬㻹ǻζˡ
Ķųطѩ˵һԾӨ˫Ŀɱ֡
ǰ˾ϲ£ҶΪҵѣҵ۸ҵѣطѩ㻹ǵҲҿҲŶѣظ֪ĻҲȥġ
㾹Ȼĸѹң
ȴطѩɫĶڷ·ŭڷȼա


598 ս
ֻھ¶ѣظ֪ĻҲǲͬġ
񵭵˵ƺһ۵һ
Ļ֮طѩҲɵÿʼԥϾôǿߵĻΪٸȴҲ˵Ѵ̵ġ
ٸ»˰ɣ˲޴󰭡
طѩ¶֮ɫǷ֮æ˵
ǰٸĶǼˣǴʱ껨ûκεĹϵģǣٸĻٸŻʧġ
֮˵˵֮ȴҶ¶һĨݵɫ
ѾǲܹƿˣǺβֵô㣬ʱѾ֪ԼﵽҶˣƾǵȴɲҶ̬Ķֻ֣õȥѰ껨
껨ǵʦš
껨һͳʵԶţģʵСϾҲǴ֮õĿֲţȻ޷Щ˰ǧϵĹȴҲ൱ǿġ
ķ֮֮껨һʱ䣬ȻҲͳΪ껨ĵӣȻǺĵĵӣǵȴ˵ʵɾλ֮ȴΪ׳ԼԲŻΪ껨Ļ
ȻֻһĳƺǴȴҲǳ˲ȥǵĶ֮һһǵĻ˵껨ײһһ˵ʵεǿ󣬵֮󣬻ǻ˵ŲСѹġ
ҲΪʲôķ֮֮Ƥ껨Ϊԭ֮һ
ߡ绤ƻҪԣǶ˶껨ҪԱҪ˵Ϊ껨ĻͨĵӶܹ˵衣
طѩ˵
ǾµĿ棬˪ȻѾʼĪŭ⡣
ŶԷĿ䳹һĨͱŭ֮ɫ֮֮ϲɵ˸һĨԵ֮ɫ
ڿҶжʼù
εҶȭѾͬһӡǵУȭİԵ˫ɲƥ˺ѵ𺳣쳣˵һǿҲлתأ˵ǿֻʮĻεĶصĺġ
ҵˣӰȵ뿪Ѳ껨껨˲ɣ
ҶЦˡ
ʱȴЦˣ
ЦĺţЦĺ
ҲЦˣЦǼһİ׳գЦ껨ԡ
֡ǾȻŲУ
Ҷ̲סĿЦ
ᣬǲ졭
Ц
񡭡껨󲻳ɣ
һĨŭͻأ˸طѩϲɵÿʼӷŭ
Ǻǡ˵껨˵ĻǡΣ
ʱѾǵһֲսɵĳ̶ˣҶȻѡΪǶ𣬶ԼĳҲ׵ĵǻ֮ԭֵӵĲʱŹԷˡ
֮֮ҿҪ
˵˵ŪȵıڰļһεıǷ֮֮ҶȻǣȴδɱ֣ϧǶԷȴΪΪʵ¡
˫ֱҶŸʹһɫȻĵͷѸٵ뿪
Ҫ𣿡
֮ͻȻĹЦ
ͻأһ̣徹Ȼ˸ı˫ѸٵĻûһľ磬صĻȥ
顭
Ŀ϶ƣһ̵λĹһĶ
Ҷ˫Ŀſֲĺ⣬ˣ
֮
Ҷĺȵ
ͷҲص뿪ƺǶڷ֮Ϊ˿ûвǵȴǷ֮оԼҪֵ˲䣬ͻȻһľԳͳܷΧٶȿʼΧס塣
ӡ
ĴָѸٵıĸָסصĲ֣ҶϮ֮徹Ȼٵת
ֻȭֱӴ
ԽĿ˶Է壬Ҷ쾹ȻоԷľаһ۵Ĳһ̺ſĲ
ӡֳڣ͵ľʼøֱ趯УҶѩǹȻһֲ˼ĽǶϳ֣񱩵Ĵ˶Էȭͷ
͡
ϡ
䣡
ľ쳣ӡĳ־ȻҶǹ⿪ʼƿȻֻȴ˳ŶԷȭͷԵ˳ȥ

ڴѾõҶЦſջѩǹһ̳˦ȭͷΧϯĳ˹ȥ
֣
֮һٵĳҶϮȥ
žžž
䵽֮֮ǰװɿһһҵΧס˶Է
Ķƺǰɡ
֮𵭵˵ͬʱģ˫ĿȴһɵĹԣµ쳣ķ̲֮סĿʼ
ϼһһȥһ
ӶƶŰװ൭˵
ǰɡ㡭
װεĿЦڿ֮˫ĿеһĨɫâ֮ȴٴαͣȴ֪Լһ¶̬ʱǱŭѾ˼¡
䡭
ͶԷӡʣĳײǺߵԵѾˣĲвҶ죬෴ҶԴԴ˰ӡȭ֮󣬶ϵƿѾ뵽һհ׵Ĳϣֹʮ
žžž
ѵı͵֮䱬ǱըȴǷ֮
ֻһֱֻ۾ȻҶ˺ѣɭɭİ׹ͬʱĳ֣ǳ֮ȵĻ֮ǿΪһ֮󣬱㹻Ĵﵽһ־˵ĳ̶ˡ
磡
֮ŭ
ֱϰƣ
һɫ̲صľɱǱҶй޲ΪٴεĻΪޡ
񾲾վڲԶ˫Ŀȴڽ䱸ţΪħҪıǽп˺ħһг׵ķ飬ֻҪҶһ˿⣬Իڵһʱг֣˿Ĳͣ飡
ˣѵ˵С˵Ӳɣ
֮ɱĺ
ĿһȻ˫Ŀа޷йĻ磬ȴӵԹ޻֮Ϊ׾Ȼڴˡ
㻹ɣ
˫ֻĶطѩ˵ȴһֿµ⡣
طѩΪżޣǼεȴҲܹӳʵǰλʵǿȣ̫Զˡ
ڵˡҪ̫ˡ
ػطѩΧĳųȵ
ѽϹͷҲöһˣ
һֱվԱ߲ľͻȻĿ˵
ҲšǲĻǻء
ĻԼǿ׳ֱ˵
ۡ硭Ҫ˭أ
컢Ÿʵ
˭˶ʹ˭
Ц˵
껨˶ʱһɫ䡭ͻȻʱһȴҶָ͵ץһѾ֣
ռɱ


599 ³
ռɱ
һһΣյĸоɵǷ֮ɫνĿռɱȻ֪ΪһλǿߣΪȴԼĸо
֮ǿ֮˲ֻΪϵǿ󣬷ǽ뵽Ĳ֮ÿһλ޲Ǿǧεɱ֮ųɾͳġ
һɾλ̵ı֮£ЩеҲǹûģЩ֮УӵĲȱǿߣһδεıȶУɱУǵʶ͸оֱĳͨǿߡ
ΪƵǿߣ֮еٮٮߣҶĿռɱ۵˲䣬Ѿĳź浹˹ȥ
ұ۵ɭɭ׹ѾʼŤ۶ϣʱȴƺûκεĲһٵӴܡ
еһǿҵΣкͻں޿ʼ
ԭΪ껨İ£һжĸıģҶǿǲ٣ȴԵĲҺŶԿģҶǾͳΪ׸Ķˡ
ʵܲпĸ뷨ǶôĿЦ
ڶԷ뿪ҶƺǲǴֹ·ӶһɵصĸԼƣϡɼһɫĹâȴ˫صĦ֮УѸٵʳһĨصĲ
Ӵеķ֮ûвʱѾһصΧסˡ
ռ֮εΪʱͿռ䣬Ƕǲſʸ漰Ŀ򣬵ǶҶ˵һĿռ֮ƿؿռ䷽νˮȫĲҪķ˳õȥ
СӻΪӲ𣿡
ۼԼѾڰ֮ˣ֮ϲɵ¶һĨɫ
Ǻܿȴ֣Ҷϲû˿ľɥ֮ɫ¶һĨĲмɭȻ⡣
ã
вɵôУϵѸٵİΧ
ҶЦȴ漴øŨ
˺ѣ
ֳ˰ռ䣬⼤ҵȴȺ
͡
ಡ
ƿ֮쳹
Ѫ⿪ʼģĴӶԷϱ˳ԵĻҶһ㹻ɱԷ֮Ĳ಻ɼ㣬ȴֻбʵڶԼĿռ֮֮һж츲صı仯
˺쳹

дʹޱȵĲҽһ˵Ķɵһɬ
硭
֮ﱯߵŭ˫ĿһĿ²ȭͷʹ˵һȭȥ֮ϣһľˣһʱ쾹ȻԷӹȥˣǵ֮뵽˷֮ķΧ֮ȴ̲סź治ĵ˹ȥˣǰȴɵıһѪ⡣
ڳǿ޲ǵһ
Ǻεǿһ
ֻǲȴѾܵ˺ѣ
һֱδֵɱ໥ĶһۣĴӶԷпһĨءɵҡ
˼˾ûֲı仯룬ȻҶ컹˲١
뿪Ҽǧ׵ĳ̶ȣֻҪҵѾΧס㣬ɵĿԻɱ
ҶдŵĿţ
Ҷ졭Ҫ
һѳΪķ֮֮϶ʱĿʼĻаһĪĳޣԭϢȻͻȻıÿ
ҶܣһУ˾ȻûһĲӰû˿ͣЪϵĻΪȭѸٵչ
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ֻǼʱѣӰȴѾǧ׵ľ룬µĲմεĻҳʾ˴˵ΪѾ뵽һ൱˵ĲΡ

һڳһ̻һҰɫҹ˸һԾ˫ĿʼϵѲӣǰһ޴Ľڵ¶һĨصĻߡ
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ܵ𣿡
ŶԷ뿪Ҷ¶һ˿ζ˦УⴲϵһӰȻһķȥŶԷ׷

ҹɫɵı䣬Ǵʱ»ȴѾ׵ĵ߸˸ղŵƣչֳԼ֮ˣԭֵҹɫ֡
Ӱֵһ˲䣬Ѫ귿еĸ̲סվɫгƺҪʵ̬ǿ˿еѪȴεļ
˵ݣĻ֣ΪѪİȫѡ£˵ԵĻĺԻĹһ
ΪСˣҪҵ϶𣿡
վڴǰ֮𵭵˵дһ˿ģɱ⡣
ǰСӻǲµ׼ȷΪ˽һϧȥװ˵̬Ȼһˡ
ܵһƣδˣƺϢδı䣬СӵʵصĹİ
֮ζ˵Ժвɵӿһ޷ŵĻ뷨
˵СǲѾﵽǸأ
װ֮꣬ܿı˶Է˼
˵λɣεȵİĲѾʱ仹δﵽСӽһʱ䶼ûУÿ𣿡
Խ˵ȴһĨΣ뵽Ҷԭֿɲʵȴ˵̲סһֵĸо
»֮£ӰԽԽѸ١
ҶѾԼٵĿ˶Է壬ʱѾʮľˡ
ž׵˸Ҷ߲ԪѾںϣٶ֮ǰǲԶӰ̲סĶ
Ļ쵰СӲǿ߼һƣȴҲôӦģοǣСѾжں޷ǰ£ٶȣƣô˵Ӱ
һֿµĸо

߲ͻȻıһ׵磬ٵ趯УҶϵ˸һ̾ȻڷԲ׵ķΧаΧһȦĹâ
ǰ֮˵弱ĵˣҪӲ뿪ȴѾǱεػסء
޷ӳǿʵȴҲ㹻Ĳˡ
Ҷֹͣһ׹ͬö˲ⷶΧ쳹ԽԽƵ֮һеľʯֲ޲ɿµɨ˺ɫķĩ
ҶδǽǶεȴѾ׵ĽԷ嵲
վЦ˵
ܾˣˡ
˵岻һе뷨ǳΪʵתҶ죬һ˫Ŀа˿˿⣺
û뵽ᾹȻܹﵽ̶ȣ˼ĳܳҵ󰡡
Ҷ쵭ĶŶԷ˫ĿеɭȻ˿ĲѷɫڶԷҸӵĿ£
ҵһ˵עģҾͲ²⣬ȻĿҵĻȻǲҾ׵ĶȥģȻ㻹˰
Լ°ϸż˵
ʺ֮ûκεĽΪʲô˵谭ӵҵֵǣ㴦ĻǵҪɱңȴһֱ¶棬Ϊʲô
Ҷ죬֮ȷʵûκεĽȴ֮ûгޡ
˵˵תĽԴϰΧסĺɫ޲⿪
һſֲݳҶǰ
ӿݵĳ˴˺ۣĵطѪ
üĴһЫӵӡȴԵø
Ыӵӡ֮ҶԺвɵøоϤ
ǿ׽ƺɫҲһӡǡ
Ժвɵ˸һͷ
뵽˰ɣҵĶӣǿ׽ǸλΪһλȴû뵽ȻɱˣΪѵҵĶӣҴСʶΪҵ顣
ҶӣЦ˵
ҵ棬ɱĸ
⻰Ҷ̲סһĨ⣬˵ѵԼĶӣֶΣʵĲһ˿õġ
ȻСΪȻ޻˶ҽҵӡǿϣҳϵȻЩҲҳֻɱ㣬ǧ򲻸õȥɱҵĵӣʷУ
׻弱ٵĶҶϳ޷ŵɫԺٴεĸֳԼеһǿߣһʵǿߡ
ҲǴٳԼļһʷУ
Ыɽ
ü԰˵ĲʷİһŮĶӣǿ׽ΪصĶӣҵȴȫıɱҶ졭˵Ҹεĳͽأ


604 ز
Ҷ켴Ǿ൱飬ǽ֮ȴȫĳȫû뵽Ыɽ˻ҵԼ
û뵽û뵽Ȼ㡣
Ҷ˵ԴȴҲص
˲ٴε̧˫ĿѪâ
컹ǴҲģԶǰ̫ʴˣŵܹôʱ䣬ͬʱҲҸӵһ㣬նݲ紵
ǰ꣬ǵЦ⣬䣬оȻһ޷Ƶı⡣
̸Ц֮УƵ̬Ǻεȵš
˲
뵽һĿǱиӵ
ԭΪʵȻǿ󣬵ȴչĲЩƵ֣û뵽似ȻĹأϵķָϵ֮ȫĶҪģô鰡ֻҪ׵㣬һжˣ˵δһֲ
Ҷüͷǲ֪һġ
֪ҵΪ˭֪ҵһЫأ
ָſָ޳Уһصɫʼչ
ȣ
ͻȻָһ̵ʱУѾ׵˼ӲĵУΪģ̼һɹɵıŰϢ֮Ĳ
ԹԵĳɣҵĺǡ
֮ɭȻʤ
ǡ
ŵϳֵһɫӰҶвɵðԳһӾȵķ֣ڵϵЩɫӰӾȻһֻֻȭͷСЫӡ
ֶν𣿡
Ҷ첻м˵
˵ĻεĻأǰʱ򣬱Ѿƻ˻ᱻ˷ֵģȻҵԤϣ׷ˣֻû뵽ѣһ֮أʺҵĺǳɳ
Բѣ
һһ̵ʱУѾı
䡭
ϣ
ǹ˸ǧǹӰѾչ˳
Ҷͨɻǹʹչǹ˵ĶһٵİΧס˷Բ׵ķΧ
ûõģûõģ
ϡ
ĻУǽӴĦȻ˳
ʲô
Ҷɫ΢΢һ䣬㹻ĿĳԼȻδЧ
ҪСҵЩǣǾ֮󣬷ʳͬ͸㶾Ѿˣǿ㹻µκνû뵽似ȻԷֳһĨȴ˺ǡ
ġ˵
Ҷ΢΢Ŀһۣ˵
𣿡
ǲÿɷзû˿Ľš
ߡװŪȥɣ
𣡡
ͻȻһ񱩵˺ٴεĴȻгǹȫĳһͻһ㣬ĲӰ˸

ꡭ
䡭
Ŀ¾ͳ洦Ʈɫȴ仯
ļӲɫ洦ƮȻ˲Ļ˷ĩ
ǡ
û뵽ȫû뵽ҶķȻʵ
ǿĹȴҲ޷ӳʵȫĲܵġ
ǡ
Ҷ˫Ŀоһ
𣿡
޷ƵĲ
ǵģ뵽ˣԺһ޷ͷʼˡ
ĹȻأȴǾֻЩʮŲſӵС
⹦εɲıܹģԷӳԵҪڱʵһΡ
ҶķƺǾĳֶκǣǳôʱ䶼ûʧƷԵĲ͡
ǼˣҶĲΣķҲһ
㡭ǡ
͡
Ľ̼ıȻֹһԴµȥ
ǰһڴСѪѪ
Ǻǡ²һӣҾǣǧ򲻸õĴ뿪ôľ밡ＴżʵҲᱻ֪ģ˵𣿡
㡭ôܡˡˡǸΡ
޷ŵдžŭŲԼ޷š
޷ţԼǰ꾹ȻﵽⱲӶ޷ﵽĲΣʮ꣡
΢΢һ̼ĶԷϵһвﶼѾҶջأһ΢ȵĻ֮ٵıԷԼЩڲдеЫķճΪ˻ҽ
ԵĲһεģοΪ˱ҹζ࣬ҶǿƵĳ֣ûиһ˿ķ֮ӵĲҪ˵ˡ
նݲ紵Ӧǳˡ
һŻҽҶ쵭˵
ǿߣڶ֮е̼ȴֻһŻҽƾˡ
ֻǿǿſʸңڣ
뵽һﾹȻΪ˱Լôʱ䣬Ҷ붼ÿ£һԷûȥѡ񱨸Լѡ˱ԼļˣҶһп¶ܵԵĴġ
Ҷ첻ֻ֪ǹֵĸ߹ԼʵûȥҶһ壬ֻҪȥҶ㶨֮ȥƽϡ
κεǴĹԼʵҶĲ࣬ŵ
Ȼȥ˵һ°ɡ
΢΢Ļ֣ʧҶһƬͻأĿյ˵
ǣ
һȻһ̿ռٴεðһУٴεɢΡ
ĳҶͲˣΪħ񼴱Ҷʵѡ˳֡
һжΪħİȫȻ뷨Ҷ컹ΪεģһķһĴڣȷʵͷ۵ĺܡ
ⲽǵ·̣Ҷ첻Ҫ̵ĸϻȥ
ݡ
ͻأҶھ˼֮һƿȻĳ֡
Եһǿƿ֮Ħٶ֮쾹Ȼ˵ĺܡ
˭أҹ֣
˵Ҷһٵչſзȥ
͡
Ҷʧ˲䣬һӰŲմصľطһ̵ٴη
ңңУҶһɺעŵµһУ·һλһԹۣȴ¶һĨаЦ
ϢϤ
֮΢΢ĶУƺҶ졣
üͷ΢壬ҶѾ뵽Ϣˡڰˣ
ڰ˵Ϣаһ֮Ĳֲڰ񱩶Ҳпᡣ
е
ڴ飬ɾ֮λ۹ˣΪʲôֺڰ˵ˣǿ߼תҲ൱ģȴ·ˣѵ˵֮ڰ˲ɣ
뵽Щ֮Ҷ챳ĻӶ̼ƿսǧ֮⡭


605 ʮ
Ȼ˵ʵǿ󣬲ֻǼʱѾ֮⣬ǶٶҶĶûʲôԱʱ򣬶Էٶȼٿ죬ȴҲֻ½ڿգһֱƯڿеҶ˵ٶϱѸ͵ĺܡ
һһϣ֮ǰߵٶ֮쳬һޣԼҶоԷȻѾʼһֻ̤뵽ĲҶ˺ܾȴɵ޷ԷϢԼԺ
һﵽ˭أ
Ժе˸У˸ŵ⻪
ΪڶԷϿգټһȫİΧ˸޷Էӡ
ȴӰ쵽ҶĲ²⣬Ϊʱƺ֮׷ܿĶԷ·Ѿ
ȻҶ첻۶е۹ӣǵҶһμ˶Է֮ȴѾж˳ǰĽź۹ȨƵ۹
ǺӰڿ˵۹̲֮ס΢̾ϢһƺǶԼĵеһ
ȴǲ֪ΪѾ׵ıҶ춴쵽ˡ
ׯ¶ʢʥȴ
ټĵ۹УԼһɻߵϢŨ˼£·һ˲ʱ̱㽫Ҫͷųһ㣬̬аһָ߸ϵ̬һϢ
ɫŵĹâڻδĴﵽ۹ֳȴó޷Ĺâȴ˷ԲʮķΧ
֮ϣ»޷â谭ס
Ǿ֮۳Ŀµ֮
Ϊӣ֮ӣؼǿλϢ˵ȻֻǴţǴ©Ϣȴ㹻Ŀ㲻ˣȴҲԶ
ƺƵĵ֮һһޱȵĳ̬η
֮Ļ֮Ĵںϣ
ֻǿ޵ŻֳĿ¹âҶ춼̲ס¶˾֮̾ɫ
Ѱ޿ȻҲǲҪĵģǶǿ˵һĻȴԵ㹻޵Ϣ־ļġ
ֻǶڱ˵ġ
ھ˵֮־Ҷ˵ĵֿ㲻ʲô
֮־񲻿ɴݣ
𡭡
ϵ־񱩡
׾ٵĽֹĵ֮ƣٵǰ
صļһƺǶǰĵ֮൱ľȣһĲҲٵĽУȻǵ֮ϢʱĿʼѹơ
ǿ־൱ļᶨҶܹһδο龭֮ĥ֮ȴ١
˶Էڼʶֲĵ̲֮֮סЩģ֮˵ʵǿᣬһ֮󣬾Ȼǿеĵһɾ˵ĵ֮Ѹٵǰȥ
Űĵ֮Ҷ̲סĵ˵ͷΪ֮Ѿں۹ǵ޷ƿأֻܹ䷢ӵĻԵһ㹻ħ۵ĿֲԽħۻǲ˺ܶࡣ
ԷȻѾʧҶĹ۲֮У֮Ŀ£ӰʧȴҲӲҶƿء
ϻջڣ޴ĽҶѾһ˵Ϣڲϵɨ䣬ڰĸػڴˡ
ЩǩǿֻǿߣǿߵϢȫޣŵ棬Ҷĺȵ

ݡ
ͻأʧԭڵһ΢Ĳ³Ҷ֮⣬˸޷
˳涼УҶٶɲ
֮˵ϢҶٵļǿΧĵ֮ȴ𽥵Ŀʼ
ѵ˵һﲢǽ˻ʹɣ
֪Ҷ쾹ȻŶԷٴεǰʮľ룬ĶԷڵֹͣ
һҶϢķ
һӵĽϵʯϺõʯɣǹϵĻƺһɲϢԵĴѾܳʱˡ
΢΢˫ĿԶֹͣ˽ǰܿǽϵĴŻشˡ
һλŵɫ޳Ĵ߳ȴһ˿֣̿ƺǶ˵ݺǹ˼ɣһ֮Ҷüͷ΢΢Ϊʶ
˫
Ϊӵİ˫ԼĹȴҶ첻òɡ
ʦѾʱˡ
˫¶һĨٵЦ˵
ߡαЦݣŶģ
˿ڸǵ˵дһĨ񣬵ȴƺǺɡ
һĨŭڰ˫һţһȴָƽ˵
Ȼ˵ǺǸ²Ҫˣ۹Ժ󽫻ڱӵģĺá
һ㱾Ȼ֪ģҲǵȵ㵽Ǹ֮˵ɡ
Ǻǡ˫뿪ɣһҪ˵һ¡
һ
ʦ𣡡
˫Ȼľ뿪
£
ʱѾԴ
ɫȻģȴֻε뿪
˽˽УҶҪ룬ͻȻоȻʶɨ䣬ƺڳΧ۲һ㡣
Ǻǡδ̫С˰ɡں۹ҰڵΧѲ㻹ŲҰڲɣ
𣿵ǱǸоСһĺãһδʮĻħ飬ΪıҪСһ㡣
ʮҲ𣿡
֮вĿʼ̿
Ȼνʮ൱ļɵҶüͷҲʼ΢΢
ڶԷҶѾ϶ˣǺڰ˵ˡ
ΪڰˣǴĶϸĵλֿʼеģ˵ΪʮλȥеļλδﵽĲ֮ļ𣬼Щδ뵽ĲΣȴҲŹصսǸǿ
ʮλȴʮеĲǺεȵľˣĵͣΪ֮ȨȻ裬֮ƺǿᣬһ֮УֿµҶķ˺ôŽ㶨ġ
ǵҲֻǽ뵽˵ʮĲϣȴһλʮеĿֲǸǿ
ħ顭
һҶȴȥݾߣڰ˵ΪֹԼͶԷҲֻδԿѣЫβѾع飬֪жٵֶμС
Ŷߵ𽥵ʧҶҲٵ뿪ˣϢҲ㹻ľˡ
ڵ˾Ȼͺڰ˵ϵһ𡭡
һεĺڰ˵Ǵʲôħ֮˵ٻҪӿˣڰ𣿱Ǻڴǵ˺ħ֮˵һӵǿᡣ
ȻѾˣҶûдʹ˰ܵ뷨


606 ѪѪ
뷨ҶԺҲʼ𽥵ƿٴε˲ٵ뷨
ڵʵΧȻǿĺܣԼȻ۹ʹĺ棬ǵ֮£ƺǱʹӵĸ߳٣ĵ֮£ԼıһְԵѹƣǴ㽫Ȩѹ
ݡ
ƿĳ֣һСӰҶ֮λþһ󵭵漴ĳ֡
ҹɫԵøǽСӰʧҶüͷɵٴһ塣
ӰеһôоЩϤĸо
ƺŵ
Ҷݺݵҡҡͷûӡڵйʲôϵ
ɡ
ҡͷ֮ҶٵĳԼıȥ
ʱϻļӳֺԪİΧٶȺֹˣֱһһǿҪѡ
ȴҶڱ֮ͻȻɫ΢΢ķ˱仯ɺ˸УҶϻûջأֱӵĳڲʼȥ
ħڻˡ
ȸоҶϢȻǰڿҶ֮ϲ¶һĨĵЦݡ
ʲô飿
˵丣ٵĴӷг֣ɫѾʧȥյ򶨣
Ѫ⡣
Ҷɫһ䣬еĿϢѾоˣұղŸԡ
ߡ
˵ҶӰȴѾʧԶ
𡭡
С
൱Ե˻δȵҶ뷿Ѿˡ
֮Ҷɫʱ
Ŀƿš

׺
ֹصĻⷿг䳹еĿøغ졣
ߡ
ס
׺ޱȡ
ϹضĻ·ϵɢŹصĹâгһַۺѪɫĹ⻪޴ͷ棬ֻ۾֮ʾ˿µĲ
üλõһֻѪɫ۾˼ѵ岻ϵһģӰϻƣӰɫУϡɼѪģ
ʱĴ߲ϵ˻ʱķв޴ͲϵĿϣֳ˱ӨĹâ·ʾһɫСԴϲϷ˻µĶ衭
Ķ棬һֻѩɫľβӰҲڲĳŶԷ˻
Ǿ޴߻Ӱ˿δӣǸӵĿ񱩣·Լİ֮ﱻһ
ǾβҶȻѪѪӰ˸ѪͷۺâĴִʲô
ɯ֮桭
˵
ҶȻҲûĽˡ
ڵѾȽˣǰĴ߷ǴɯŮʱȻҪռѪΪѪҲҪᵽѪеľβȻǲóѵģҲ֮ìܡ
˻˻˻
ڿҶĳ֣ʱǴ߷ɿĳҶϮȥ
ĲУǴ㳯Ҷ
߻δӭһɿµɱ֮ȴ㹻ҶоǰɱǺεȵľˣɭɭ˸Ĺâ͸ĲУصԪʼٵĲʾ˴ߵͺͿ񱩡
˸ۼҪ뵽Ҷǰ
ħСģ
ĺȵȵվҶǰǴΪҶ谭ס
°ɣ
Ҷһѽסȴĺȵ
߳
ըף̼ĽռеɵĲƿʼصȥ
֮УĲ˲ϵĿʼ˸ѣǲľ֮УĲһȦȦĳŶԷϮ˹ȥ
ɫУѪ岻źۼĲ֡
ɺɫ˫ĿĶߣ޷Զ
ɯ̫ʱڵĿޣ޴˵֮ȳֵ֮һǿѪıߣǿɯ㹻ĺǿֲӲӲ
ʼɵĿ¼һȴϡٵĺܣеԵԼԳֶһһҪϡ١
Ϊ̫ʱΪϺ壬ڣĳݡ
νʼȴǿѨ磬˵Ϊֵĸ߰ͺݶҪԿȡ֮ɾ޵ĵλӶʹ൱Ĳ
̫ŵʱڱѾϡٵĺˣԶʱڸٵĿ֪ɯ֮ôһֻɯꡣ
ǾβȻ֮ԷԵĴ֮ڵλʵ϶̫ʱڵĿޣʱǶΪԼεܹƽϢ
Ϊµһﶼһ˿꣬Яĳǣ죬൱ļ֡
Ҷŭ߳Уȴµ쪷һУ˷·Ǳøߴ
˫ϢС
𡭡
˿ĲѷɫڶԷϢʼڰС
ɫëɺͫصĳβüһֻĳ̳צݺݵţȴһȦȦơ
һԺ·Ҫһſ
ڤ𣿣
Ҷ쵲˱İ̲סĴ
ſеľβɯ֮ߡڤܸоԼԴЩתء
ЩƽѵһĿ¼һǶֻڴ˵
ǰڤȻɯ֮ߺ;βȫϢ٣̫صԵʣΪĺǿǺһεĺ
˰ڤľβɯ߲֮ɵ΢΢ȥ
һȴֳ׳ҵĻ滺
곤Ʈ޾ɫĶϿٱ̶ȵľ޴޻Ӱ˻вŭ˿Ĳ壬Դϣڤ˿δηŭ𣬷˭İԵ֮
εȵĽͰԵĻ氡
ҹѪ壡
ҶĻû˿Э·ǰɯ֮ߺǾβʲô̫ʱڵĿޣǰèСһ
ֿ¶ѪаŵıȴɭȻĺˡ
ͶУħİԵӿ񱩣ü֮֮۷ضҫ۵Ĳ
Ƿ·ǶһĹâþβ̲סķ΢ĵִ
βҶɲǵһεļ棬ʶǰȻͲ󣬵һֻ۾ǺεȵĿֲ;ˣǸһ˿ȥֿ񣬷·ŭĿһֲԵҳϵ
ȻҶۣ֮ɯ߲֮˽⣬Ϊ̫ʱڱѾڵĹبŵĴߣļʶҲССͨ޿ԱģһıɵÿʼвͼǰҶһɣǻİڤȴɵﾲضŶԷ
һɺͫз˿˿ľ֮⡭
ߡǻǲ뿪
ҶЦһ˵


607 Ѫ
𡭡
ҶĻβɯ߲֮ˣѪ㺱Ķ¯ô׵ķ֡
ȻǴɣ
Ҷ΢΢ȥһ㺱ĹЦһָ΢΢УһӡʼٵĻ
ĶǰһɫĺʱĿʼγһӨĹ
߳
ըף϶ȥ಻š
𡭡
ŭ֮ڰڤ֮Ѹٵĵգ۵ʱѣԷ徹Ȼٵ
ӿȣкѹ
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һͫеĴһ˿Ȼ棬۵ϻҶ춼̲סһڿˮ
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֪ڼ̳Ѫ֮Ѫε˽⵽Լı죬һʼõȫʵ֮ıһɬСΪ㣬ȻۣͯȴĳиӵĴ̼Ҷ졣
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610 
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Ҷ쵭ĵ˵ͷĽӹֻȵļ仰мȫĶûеյʢ˵̬
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ʥԪ
ʱĴΧ֮˵ﴫ˳


612 
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߾ȴҲֻڰСʱʱֶܹѡ𷣡

˫ͻȻĴЦȹĸһԷĽ


613 
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ҲʱһĽ˳
۵
ۣ۹ߣһ۹ƿأȻʱˣһʱҶðһָЦĸо


614 
֮ĳһ̣һɻߵϢʱӭǵѹ
˿ʼĹ˵ϣҶȴ˿վ˿δʲôˣλĵǺͺҲû˿ıʾ
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Ԫһ̾Ȼٴεıƺͻԭհ׵ıҶΪȻδԪĽȴʵԵġ
ҶٶԽԽͬɬ߶ͺţһĻÿһε߶ǧǧߵٵı

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Ϊ˵ԵʣһûпƺֻҲû뵽һﾹȻ˵ĲһǲãҪͻƿȴҲ뵽һ˿򡣡
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ڽ뵽ĺôκεǿġ
ǿԲ½ɴǸʢŭ⣬Ҷ첻ɵðԸ̾ҲֺɵӲ̬ŻὫԼﵽڵ̶Ȱɡ
Ȼ²Էʲô쵰֮ҶȴҲı˵ģĺȵ
㡭Ҳ𣿡


618 ָ㣬ݣ
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һ֮󣬶ʱڳɫı仯Ȼ˵Բ½Ϊ˱ȽϵľګǴ˵ȴ൱ĹˣǿߣΪϵһǿˡ
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Сѣ˺е㽻飬Ϊ˲㻵µ֡
ʱĽǿҶԸһֵĻԵǷˣһԲ½ֵĻȻԲ½ʵǷ֪Ҷ쵽ûʲôа
İɾϣзִġ
Ҷ쵭˵
Ǿ˽ʱڳȴը˹
Բ½ǿΪϵһˣȴҶˡ
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ڶĳ˼ҶĲϲûа֮µɵӣӦû֪飬ҶԴû˿ĵӺͲ̲סĿʼüͷ
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΢΢İԽҧһɹɿֲĽ⼸ʵʣĽϢȴֿʼһϾۼϵա
֮£ڳСǷ׷׵ĸоԼ궼ڲս

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Բ½̲סŭһȻʼȵĳˣڿ˶Էı֮󣬾ȴĺһھƣڶԷʵЩʧˡ
Բ½ҲʶˣϾΪϵǿߣȷʵǳԱģ˽ύ֮˲٣Բ½ҲֻԵĲһѣڴȻȷʵЩľګڽϵȴٵ˿ԳԽ
ʰ˵Ӧÿʸ뵽ĲˣκεԲ½ȴֻһٶʱȥȫĴѵʱ
ǼȴҲƷ۷Ĳϣֲֻܹ֪ˡ
ڵȴȵĳˣȫʧȥԭ򶨣ӵС֡
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ڱҶȴû˿ĸı䡭
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Ҷ·Ǵǻ۵ʥ˲Բ½ɫ΢΢һ㶣ͨȴǰ׳գܿı˶Է˼Ҷһ
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619 
Ƕǰ˫˵һȴԵøŤõһλӲڽʧһλҪ£ʦ𽻸ԼĿܶʧˡ
ܻԵĻɱһλ̤뵽ǿߵսȻδ֪ȴֱвɼкεȵĿֲ
ΪһܣǺķ˺ܳʱųɹģȴҶһиĻˡ
ǺεȵľˣһԼʦ֪ԼĿܱĳΪƬԼҲǲһγͽġ
Ѿҳ⽴ĺ˫ɫǽһѿ
ٴɭĿһҶ죬кεȵķŭ
ڶεݣǿߵȻĳҶֵʱõʲô

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ЦǶڶ߻ص׷ǳ»һ̫ͬеĵһ˸
µ˺ѣϵĲúڶ𶯵Ըӡ
һ֮£ڶ׵ķ˶ԷҶķߺޣ෴ǶͲȴѾԼһĨ֮顣
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᰾ĵѾͬǱһ˺ҧһܣΪҶһ֮󣬾ԵĲԲ½
оԲ½һҶ֮󴫳Ѫˣû뵽ǣҶ쾹ȻһϽԷӵĿֲ
۵˫ĿӶһδ¹˭ĵڿصʱ򶼿ʼһ˿ɵ
һܹӵʵͱ꣬ƾʾԵĻ˳ɾһδġ
ǰȴ֪Ĳ²Ȼȴɵ͹Ҷ죬ֻһδ棬ʷʫ񻰣
ܹʱ򿴳һƺûмˡ
ܺãô߳ʵиܹӵֲǿߣ֮ţҶʵһԳɾ͵ߵĲϡ
Ц˵еĿɬȴı˸оˣȴԼĵ۹һô鰡뵽ǴѾԵһҪĺͶԷٲܹΪˣĻ֪ҶԺΪεȵĳ̶ȣǿǿ϶ˡ
ۺ·ҪγˮһĳҶ쿴ȥ˸֪Щʲô
һ־ӽˣ˻ϲҲǳǰ˫᰾ģҶһ˵Сȴɵ޷κζԷǺͰ˫Ƚϣ᰾ȴû˵ʧʲôǰ˫ȴʧء
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ѪԴǸ֮󣬱㿪ʼ¶˵֮ɫѪ൱ĹģǱһλĸҲѶãѪӵĶūġ
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ΪҶ֮ԼΪĵһˣѪȻǹеĺܡ
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ȻԴҪŵص˲䣬ۺһİһһᶯһ̵ֿٵ֧סԼ壬һԻԲȴԼֳ̬ǻԲøͦ
˵̬˵̬Ҷ첻ȥ룬ȴɸоԼһȡ
Ҷ
֮зǴһ˿ıŭ˵Ǳŭ˵
ǺǡۺʵҲͨ˰
֮ɫ΢΢ĴӵۺϿʼ֡


621 ڰ֮
ߡҶȻͲ󣬵ȴһʮСءһһλ֪ϧСꡣ
ۺ󽿺дһ˿𱸣ȴߺߵ΢΢Լ֡
ۺһμ²Ϊɡ
Ҷ쿴һֲ˵
ôѲɱͲܼҶ𣿡
ڿҶ˿ŵӣۺڤڵ̾Ϣ
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Ҷһε˵
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ۺĹĵĿҶ죬бֵ߷ǲڸǣ
ڤĸ㡭ᣡ
˵ݺݵضŵ棬Ůһ̬ȴһλŮӵϣδʲôͻأ෴øӵˡ
ҶŮǷԳΪأ
ϵĳȻ֮ǰҶѾ²⵽ˣȴ̲סаԵĸ̾һۺϵĻ˿ûа취ڸǣֻŮ֮˵Ǻ
ǺǡûжٵĸоϵŮǿĴڣοŮϾҿŮƽȵġ
Ҷ뷨ȫǰʱڵţǰиǿ֮вŮΪŮƽȵвǺԱ
ϻԴ󲿷ֵΪģŮҪΪе׳ĪʵĲܡ
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ҶҲ֪Ҫ֪ԷȫҲǲܵģкĿܡ
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ССĺڰȻҪҶԿҹ
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623 
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һ˺ɫʴĶѨУ񱩷ŭڲϵıƺΪаħһŭ𣬲ʱĽΧһɨǽƤһһ㡣
ⶴѨΧԲ׵ķΧдؾȻɫģû˿һ˿˿ֲ϶ûС
˳ⶴѨʼ죬ܿһĵĺɫٵĳŶ⼤ȥ漴һĹѨӳĵһ㡣
ٴɫ״̬ϡɼһضа۾ڱŭܵȼղѡ
˭˭ǺεȵȻ̼Ľҵһ˿Դ֮ɵˣĻ쵰ǿʮܹۼһ˿ıԴ֮ȻӱǿеɵˣħͽŰɣ
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ҲҶΪƵ飬ԷȻԼĴڣȴƺǲôϿɣϺϿ־ԲͬĲ
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ˮ֮Զļӿ˼ȡؼԵٶȣӶٴεı̫Ľϡ
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ңң½УһƬѩһƬ򱻳֮Ϊѩ򡭡
ѩһ޴ĳУĻѩԵĺ䣬ȴڴˡ
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嫵Ϣ⹬бӿķѩ裬ȴڹΧ㱻һضε赲
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⹬һͥԺУһλŰɫȹŮָ΢΢һ÷̽ȥӨб÷ϵѩӵİ𪣬ĹǺԿԷѪһ
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ڶ˵ٴˣ֮α˵谡սͺðһǳȥΣ
˵ΪսЦӯӯ˹һ˫ĿȴҲ˾ͽڵĽ̰źۼĿۡ
ˣʦ֣һҪȥձʦȥСԺʦֽʦõĺã
˵˾ͽڱ㲻Էᶯ߿ˡ
˾ͽĽԼǰڶת۵ʱȴѾԭŮ˱øӵĳ
һ˿ϣ
ߡӲҵƵģ


625 £
ս𣿡
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ǰһ˵ĻҪʮʱŻлɣǸʱ»Ҳҵġ
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˾ͽڵȴ¶һ˿˸еɫѩŮ㴫ĴŲʸڶ̶̵ʱгɾĲΣǳ֮⻹˾ͽԼŬΪ̫Եʡ
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뵽˵Լ徹ȻСӸץסԼΪ˽ܵأǺεȵ衣
ȴɵĺߺߵ˵
϶ǲµģΪԶ磬ԺֻܶйһЩƿǲŻ˽⣬лȥһ£߰ɣȥɡ

˾ͽһɨղŵЦձ뿪
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ܺáȻССǿ߶ѣȻҪԼһαװ
ҶаԵЦѡ
ʵϣܹɾΪǿʵǧգһǿҲûᵮһλǿߡ
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ǿǰһж޵ģȱ˴ǿĵ۹ֻܹǰѡ
ڲʱĹֵߣҶ쵭˵
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ŶǱҵļһڴ壬´еʱҲ߰ǧˣеĴǿȻκεһңǲƸȴҲǾ˵ĺܡ
Ҫ˵ŵʱͻȻװҶ˵
˵ȥŰɡ
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֪ʲô۹ΪóԵĶҪǺˣֻڰвŻУҪԵĻҪѴģϽİɡ
˵ıһҶ죬ֻ³Եֹ
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631 ˾ͽ
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ǰܹӵ㶴츣أԵĿĸ˳һ㹻ĵֵѰ֮صٿɲһ֮УȻϹŵ󷨣˵Ϲʱڵ󷨸һȻĻƾżöʯͷ㲼óһֹͨص󷨡
һλǿߣ˵ϵƺΪԼ˽Ǻεȵľˡ
һһ֮ҶûһΪӵħ촫е˵Ĵܼ䣬ڵ֮Ķ֮Уļ䱻ӵ޵ĳ̶ϡ
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ʵȷʵǿʯͷ棬ǾԲʲôʯǳ˴ľʯ
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ֻһλźڽɫ۵ӲĴǴڴ˽Ƶ·Լ˸һİ˸ѡ
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ӶԷòϺһҲ㹻ĿóԷݣڵ˾ͽЩǿǵĿֻ棬ҲմѣǼȱˣȴҲ㹻½ˡ
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632 ƣ
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ҶаԵӸղŵƣԿóھԲֻΪһλŻۼôǿߵġ
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Ҷĳ֮Ǵߵ̲סĿʼŭƬ𣬷·ǾҪһ
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ҶָһߵһţȻֻһָŰ˲ͼУҶϵ
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ĲԽԽǿԼҶüУһصĲԲһ
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Ŀ棬ֻ֮һʱҶ˫ĿѾ͸谭ٴεһڻԪĵǰ
ԭֹӺģҶǰȴԽԽ
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634 죡
һֻһöϸţǽӷ·Ǻ½һƬץһ˵ĽŮӾȻΪ˾ͽ˵ԺܿܳΪ檣ҶǸоǱҵļùʺˡ
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֮·Ե֮·ߣɱϡϡն޵ƣվĳɾϵľ֮ڵӹݣ



ľһУһЦ֮˳
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桭ǿߵ𣿡


635 ˼ױ

ÿһ߶¶ı˪۶ɵı˸߲ɫĹâһı˸֮УĪĲ˸·ÿһε̤㹻ռ뵽һֲһ㡣
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棬Ŀİɣķôʱ䣬ǾǧŰپʮŽڽɣΪıҪԼõһ˿͵ӶıٶȣȻƺΪ˼ױ
뵽ЩҶĸֳһ˿ӿĵЦ⡭


636 ѹ
ܹǵ̶ȿҲǺ֮£ǶҶ˵ԽǷŭȻԽĿġ
ȴûжٵ쳣
װһȵɫƺǶν֮ʧ˹ظо˳Ծ
Ϊʲôļӵϵ֮ģΪʲôȴһ޴ǿе˽ȥΪʲôѲڸ𣿡
˼֮䣬˫Ŀޱȵľ⳯Χ˹ȥǺԵģһ˶ſˡ
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ǽһ˿ɽ뵽еĺɫУԼԼĲһ˿뷨
ѵ˵ɣ
Ͽʼӳһ˿⣺
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ָһǺɫƿٵΧת
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ɫ΢΢һһķһ̣һֻ֮ȻĻϵĹ⻪Яѹȥ

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Ц˵ָᵯУһĽǾ֮ϵ񽣣ٵĴ׵ĸ߿ջڶԷУ
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᰾ĵĽеǰȴ˵ı΢ʵòٵǿüͷ
᰾ȴЦűǡ
Ǻǣܺã֪
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637 飡
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񻺻վҶߣ֧ӣ̬ҶΪĸжʵûа׽
νѣֻΪΣյʱ̲е֮Ҳֻϵѹϵ
ȻҶҲȥǣϾΪǿߣĺѺǿ߶ԿѾǵ³˭ǷĻ൱ҵġ
첻Ҫ嶯
Ҷɫ𽥱ñ֮æȰ
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Ϊĳ̶ҲֻһżȻԵ¼ʦؽȴѾĲռʱˣʱؽֻȥչزܳȴǿĺܡ
ССȥġ
뵽Щ֮ٴε¶˵ɭȻ
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Ц֮ɫԽǲؽ֮ἰ֮ȴɫ΢΢һ䣬ǰЩһǿȥ⣬ȴǲؽԷʵȥԸ˵ġ
뵽Լ֮ˣȴ¶ɭȻ֮ɫ΢΢һϢȻı
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һֻǺһЦѣǶıʮǳصĻЩ۹ƺǼ֮ˡ
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ǼʵɫԼǰ˾ͽҲʱĳŮӿȥ˫Ŀм˿ȵռ

ָ΢ϵ񱩶쳹׵УǾǧŰپʮŽڽݾȻѹһٽڵĳ̶ȡ
ָٴεĶĵӾȻǿеٻ˹ȥ
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ǿߡ⴨֮˾ȻͼԿôܣ
ǰôµֶΣǿ𣿡


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һ˫˵֮ɫ˫ĿȴϵĿԼĸϹգѾ𽥲ϵĸףΪԼļûѡ
ȴɵʾԼԼŮĵǡ
ϢڳıּҪضҪϢѾøӵŨ
һϢϮ֮ϣƶ䱻ʵһѹ˺ѡ
ǿߣΪһʦһĿֲǿߣǵһһϵĲֻԼϣԼϵ档
зŭ쳣ϢԶŵһӿУǿϢ̲֮סĿʼսʼʼӡ

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640 ȥʺ
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׳ԼеԽǿ·һ̵õµһֿ񱩳κ˵

Ѫħĳһ̱ˡ


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˵òףһȴ¶̰ζȻһλϲռ˵ļһ
ǾͶлλףˣǽձЩˣλذɡ
ˣ
Ѿ˿ûڸǵĸΪˣ

λɫ̲ס΢΢һ䣬Ҫеõ˵ģϾһţеıνǲٵģԵĻܹõһҲǲС
ȴû뵽Ҷ쾹ȻһӶֱӵҪˡ

Ҷɵŭ
ǡǵġ
һŭȻӿ뵽ǰɲֻһλţһλĺ
ŴǱ뿪ʱвٵʼ뿪
Щ뿪ˣҶȻûʲô̬ϵĸı䣬ЩһֻһЩǽͷݣΪԼʵǿΪԼĵλϵԵʣǾԲԼʵԸԼġ
ղŻҪͼǣֺǰڣӶõеĺôҪôѡۻ𣬺ߣڿڵȴֹҪһʣ¡
װЩ뿪ߵ
ǾǱ֮ˣϾղŰڵѹȣǿǳġ
ܹǸʱ֣ҲһʹȴҲ㹻˸ж
ʬ롭ȥڵ˲¼ǻɱĵӣȴɲܹ֤оû©֮㣬˵Ҫεؿס
Ҷʬ뽲˼λá
˾ͽɷļУЩطǰеҪλ󲿷һЩղ似֮ء
ؾʱѾˣҪһҩҲѾ׼ˣ֮ʹðɡ
Ҷޱ˵
Ҳ֪ؾĿҪʵﵽµ˲ſԽģڵʵ޷뵽еġ
һѾдˣҵĹѰ֮ĲһȫĿԽԼʵı䵽ĳ̶ϣһλʵʥĸ֣ѲɻΪؾջЩǿĸǻĵø𣿡
ҶĻ֮󣬶ʱװ֮ɫȴҲʼΪ֮һ䣬ȻǶûȥ뵽
ҶҲû˵ı仯ıת뿪˾ͽɷеһȥ
Ҷ
ѪҪ˵ȴ֮ٵסҳź΢΢˵
һ˾һ°ɡһÿɲᰡ
ӰСįɭȻ
Ҳʱ򣬴ȴһв֮͡


656 
ȭעӿ
һȭ

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һȭ֮صԪѸٵĻ۳ΪһСС
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һȭ֮ϵĸıȴѾԽռĳ̶ȴﵽ̶ȣɼһȭٶѾ뵽һ൱µĵزˡ
Ҷˮƽ̬˫Ŀ·ˮ̶ƽһ
ȫע֮УϵĶͶ֮Ǿ˵ЧһδεԺͼǿ
Ҷʧûյᣬûɱû˿ͷա
еֻϵϵߡ
ֻƾϵʼɢȫûĹע
һȭ
ȭ
ʮȭ
ȭ

ȭӰʼռ䣬˫ĿѾǲ֪ıպȫ˳Լĸоʼ
ط·ʱ뵽һ𣬳׵Ŀʼ뵽˴ںϵ״̬
Ѫ˺֡һϹʱڴ֮˸ͻĶݱĶҪϸĵȥζ
ϵΪǿģκεһǹȥıģȴùȥʹתˡ
壬ÿһļһõĺ˶㹻Ĳ˼Чÿһ˿ëһľˡ
̽һֳνǷǿȴȡģ־־֮꣬УΪΪǻ꣬ϵ־ԿٵأȹһеĽѡ
ӵƺҶĵпʼ
еĽ̻ٴεĳҶС
ʱҶѾ׵ȴԼеκ뷨ӵȴԼݣֻǲϵĻ䣬ʦӵÿһ仰
ҶоԼٴεĻص֮ǰǸ۵ʱڣǸʦ̻ʱڡ
׾Ѫ˺֣ĵԼת
ûɱ¾ûгޣֻǽԼ
ԽĴ֮İЧҶ˵ļ治ĿʼһӨӨĹâ
ǹâǽȴԵøⴿ
Ϊ֮
ħ
һУҶĴħٴεݱ䣬øӵĴףӵʹ
ؼԪҶļУÿһ˿ļ⣬ÿһĹǧë׷·һŵСһ㣬ȥؼԪ




һδεʼҶƺȴһУǷһС
ĸоĸоͷɣһʧĸоһͬǽ뵽ĸٴεֻذĸо
ɡһӵһУ죬أһжȴΪ°ɡ
ƺ૵ڶĳ֣Ȼૣȴöˣ·һĳĸо
ûгޣ˿һȥԼϲ飬ﶼԼ֮С
ɡɡ
ڳҶоǶԵģȫĶԣԼӦ÷Щһе¡
ҡ㣡
ͻȻһ쳹һ̣һжȫʧˣԭְȫɢˡ
ˮش˳
˫Ŀȴ޷һĪƺڳԼѹƹ
һöӵĴҶϷ˳ΧҶڲϵߡ
ɫĹâͬΪʥʷʫһϵĻʥĹҶ塣
ңʲôںңΪʲôҸоҵĺʹ
һŭ
Ҷ졭˵ĻҵģΪʲôΪʲôȴһֱң
ɫĳɫǰ˺ϤǸһӵǰ
ϴŵķţ
Ҷ졭ɣŮˣڿҺΣ
ζ
ŭ׵ıˡ
˭Ҷ졭˭ȴ޷ƿҵ־֮־ɴݻ٣֮־ɶҡǲܷģ
µŭ߳ſֲĻһΧȼ
ž
öӵӼٵĲɫĹâٴεȴ޷뵽ҶС
Ǵڹʥ飡
͡
ƺ޷յҶ죬漴ĺߺݺݵһҶٴε
ʧȥڹʥѹƣҶٴεÿһε߶⡶ת
һδεתҶ־ȴĸӿֲͼǿ
־ǿƺǺ֮ĪӰ죬ȴ糱ˮһ㣬üɢȻ޾ǿϴߡ
֮·ˮ˳ŲһضبŵĹ켣ʼת䣬ħǾǳ֮Ϊһ֮ƺҲǳĳֹ켣ӣԴΪҶÿһεжǼȡҲԽԽֲ
һУҶƺǸоԼ֮뵽һµĲϡ
ϵӫøӵҫһȴɫʥâǳɫͱɫĹԣڼǳ֮ɫâҲŤںϡ
һĲӿдԼϢ֮Ȼһصһֻȵ÷ļ׿ǳĶϵ⿪ʼһ˿˿ĲƣڽӴҶɢ֮ԭȻı֮ˡ
һݻɫСɢһ˿̺͵
һеĶһжɱ䣬ֱ
ͻȻҶ֮ƺǲʲôһٵĳĳʼ˹ȥ
ѪɴڣǴҶ֮İΧ¿ٵıɺںϡ
̬֮ʼת䣬γһֻĻӰ֮һе걻ɺ׳

֮ǰڵĵ֮С
ʹ֮£֮ȻͻأһУ
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üе֮ۿʼչ
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ûһ˿ı飬ȴһؼبųѹ
·һĿֲѹ
һһһһѭϢ
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תٶԽԽ죬ԭŨ̶Ⱥֹʮٱ
͡
һɫĹâͻȻĴҶüм˳
֮۵ɫʼøһͼĻۡ


657 
է𡭡
ھеǿ̲ס̧ԼԴŲ֮ϣ
޾Ĳ֮У֩ϸС˿߿ʼĳŲϻ
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ĵɫһʵ廯һʮ׵ĳ̶ȣ޷һۿͷ
ƺƵϢӹֱ֮ӵڴˣ·սĳǹݺݵشʹһ㡣
ǡڵλá
ǲ֮ϵĹ̲סǶ˵
ֿµϢ֮Уǲ򣬸ܲ·컯һĻ
ʮǿѾ̼ˣȴٴεһͻƣǳһֱڱ˽νʾȻȴҲ̲סЩζ
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װ૵
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Ѫ֮ħŮ˸Ĺâӣ˵
ȴ֪ʱҶ첢е˵ȻǵһΣյľС
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ߡˡŮȵ̬ΧҶ岻ϵķ裬УԪȻͬһ䵽ҶС
ЩԪľ̶ȵһּ޵ĳ̶ȡ
ÿһεˮСԪѰǿһյࡣ
ΰԪȴҶһ˿ʣĸȥϵɣϵѹ
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ŭ߳һҶٵıԪһ
üеʹԼ֮ʱѾ뵽˹ؼʱڣһܹȫƿصĻ˵֮ۻøӵĿֲ
֪֮ģ
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ң
̬֮ȻŭɵĳǾ޴ȭͷӭ˹ȥ
䡭
ٵײУҶٴαøӲ;
֮ĽϾϵĽ֣޵Ĳǿ󣬷ĻͿӵ̫ʱڴܵǱʵˡ
ҶΪˡԭ֮ĵزﵽһŵĵزײУۼû̫ܵ˺
Ҫ˺ң˭˺ѵ˭
Ҷĺȵ
ĻӰٵŭһ֮кٵĽԼ׳

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򵥵һԡ֣ȴҶоһֿµвǲ֪Ӻζһλ֮Ȼ֪һ̬ҶȴĲһ˫µ۾εԼ
ĿֲϢԽԽŨ
ˡ
񼱴ٵĲ
Ȼ߿ȥĺˣڲȴ·һĴСޱ޼аȴ޲֮
֮ĺУҶ֮ڲϵļȡеٵ׳ԼȻҲ˵Ĵ㡣
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һԼʮ׸ߵĿֲӰĻ۳Ϊʵ塣
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Сӡôʱ䣬֤ȴûκεһ˵ðֻ㣬Сӣֻ㣬Ȼ֪Ľ뱾ڲҪռ
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ѲһΪʱ䳤֮󣬾Ȼڲͨ˲ɣ
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ϵȻûϽôĺˣΣյĳ̶ȴй޲
ֻ˲䣬ԷȭͷٴεĳҶĻӰϹȥ
޴ȭͷĺľˣҶ涼ΪǻӰϵ²˵Ѻۡ
ѪϵʣֻǴʱҶȴѾûʱȥˡ
ȻıһҶɫȴ൱
ĻӰȻķ൱С
䡭
Ӱ˲һȭĺУҶҲʼĸӿ
һǱ̬
Ҷҵüе֮۵Ĺâÿʼ΢
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ʮʱѣ֮ۼȡ֮Ȼƽʹõ֮ٶĳٱ
ҧ
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͡
ŭ֮ٴεĳ֣һҶֱӵĸıת·ߣٵĽԷͰΧſʼ˺ҧ
һ˺ҧ˺ҧµĲѪ⣬ѾΪʵ廯֮
һڶѣҶ쾹ȻоԼĵ֮ȻĲһĳ̶ȡ
ö
૵ĵ
Ǿʱ򣬶ԷϾȻٴεıһӿֲѹƣԭǿ׳ֲԵ֮²ʼٻ

ĳҶӰץȥ
ҾͲţԱҵٶȻ죬˴壬ٶȻô̬Ļò˻ˡ
ҶһķݣӰȻһֱӵһƬޱߵ꺣С
Ũ̶ȻϵĿֲȴѰ֮صҪºŨĶ࣬ٶѾγҺĳ̶ȣҶյҪǧٱˡ
֮ԻôŨԪȫΪԵʣԷΪ˼ȡ֮֮׵ſŵԵԪ˵ľˡ
üе֮ۿʼԽԽȣͨŬĺмȡ֮ҲԽԽԽԽ
쵰쵰Ҫ㣡
ŭŰϵĴɼµļһĿʼŭ
ҶȴĲںֱӵĽǴ֮ٵļȡ
̬ҲڱԽԽ
⡭һȻһ
һ¶߹Ƭʮֻɺɫ˫Ŀף̫ʮѪ̬
ôγ̬أ
Ҷ૵ĵ
ǾŸԴȴԽԽͬʱŸҲڲϵ֮
ˡ
üе֮ƺǴﵽ˼ˡ
ɫĹâбĳ׵
һĴҶ
Ҫɱ
ͻȻĴǾ˵ŭһ̣ضɽҡҶ徹ȻԷǿеľ
ʲô
Ҷһ𣬾Ȼ֣Ǿ˾ȻֱӵĴ͸˵УǻԼû˿ķӦ
еȴٴε˸;֮۲ٲҶ̲ס³֣



658 һ

ִҶ
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·һ˲䳹׵ľֹˣ
üе֮۲ϵתصŤͫеĹӡƺڽһת
بšء嫡ϡֿ¶ʥϢشҶϱ˳
ʱΧһоȻһֻص۾ǰγ޺Ͱһ
¶أ

Ǻεȵ
˵ĺµһֻ۾ֵ˲䣬оʷΪǿҵΣС
͡
Ϊ֮֮ԣ֮ϣΪ֮ۿ
֮ٴε쳹ɫĹâʱĴԽ޾һʼı˳
һεħڽ뵽֮֮󣬼ȡ˸ӿµ֮Ҳͳܶڽ뵽һƿʱ̱ˡ
ǵеֱ֮޾ȥȡУҶ۾õ洦޷

εȿֲʣһʯͷһСݶԼ߳Ϊصʯֿ߱ȵݣⶼӰ졣
֮۵Ҷͷ·һλһ̼ı㹻һ˵ĵ·
㽫Ϊҵ
Ǿ˵ĳ֣Ҷ˵
ݡ
ǧâƿգⶼҪѸ͵Ĺ߿ٵİΧס˾塣

ĲҽУǵɫâȫ޼ɵԷ
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Ű˲ͼʼĲ
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һжΪҶееġ
ЩĲҶ췢ӳŰ˲ͼ֮һõʸûУȥĻŰ˲ͼҪҪͻ׳ȴѾ֪Ǻˡ
ǰһ֮ƺ޾һ㣬һƬ޴ĺ
㹻Ļӻɢһĳ̶ȡ
֮һֲѷɫǳ֮Ĵض嫣ȴԵø͡
һɹɵ֮ҶĿ¿ٵ뵽Ű˲ͼС
Ĺ⻪ɢ˿µ߳岨
ɫʥɫĸ߹ɫķɫ͡ɫĿ񱩡
һֽƿ˱ԴһĸоʼҶɡ
˿˿ϸ΢ĴҶдѣÿһεĴȴֺ֩һ㽫ҶŰ˲ͼϵٴεĿ֡
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֮ǿϽľ˸ûκεķҶҲȥϻֱӵһУѹʼ

оԼϵڱѸ쳣ɵ˵̲סķŭ֮ҶȴĵҪԷɵ
ĲԽԽֲüǽ֮Ҫ֮ǿֲ˵ȫ֮ľۼģÿһɶҪķѳſԾۼģһֻϵĳ̶ȶһλǿߵҪ¡
֮ٴεı仯ϵĸ֪ƺҲеı仯յĸϸ΢
Ҷ˫Ŀıϣƾϵ֮ʼߡ
һڿʼ仯ԽԽ١
ǾС񡱵ɣҶѾΪʵ壬Ȼ̫ʮѪ̬ΪľᣬȴҲֻȥ
صٴεķԭʵʵƿص̫ʮѪӰƺǲҶһֻ֮۱ȽϵǿᣬȻһ̵ĽС
ˡ
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Ű˲ͼ緢ŭŭХƺź
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оԷȻԼԼ֮۾Ȼٵطһĵâ׵ļ뵽˶ԷüС
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쳹һֽܵϵʼĴŰ˲ͼͷ˳
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ɣɣϵıϢһ׵ĻвĿѹȴҶѾʼͬˡ


659 ڱ
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Ҷȴû˿ĲͺΣ෴ϵı˷ܡ
һŰ˲ͼеڵҵõһǿڼʼǿҼ޷ͶԷһ޶ʵȴҲ㹻Աˡ
ǵе֮ʵ̫ľˣڣҶŰ˲ͼڵıյһ˿ʹõȨ
Ŀռ֮ĳ
һֻ̲ϵĿռ䷨Ҳչ֮˲׵Եʡ
Ű˲ͼ̲һ磬ڿռ֮Ű˲ͼֶ֮ޱȿֲǰ
ҶҲõһ˿ռļӳ֣ӵһʹõĿռ䡣
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ɴСһ׵ķΧ
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һ׵ķΧУҶڵҶѾ뵽ĳ̶ȣֻҪȥۡʥȵĸ֣ſԺͶԷһƴµĿܡ
һ׵УһҶ춼ȥǰԷǿסԷ塣
ǿߵĻҶӵĿһɱĳ̶ȣʼûֿܵġ
жĺ֮Ķ൱Ŀ£ҶҲֻάϵʮ̶ϡ
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ڼȡ˾˵֮Ժ󣬶ԷļҲҶЩ࣬û뵽һȻǺһʱڳֵģԷӵ֮ҲһλǿʥǿߣǶԷȴһλʦ
ΪһƷΪõλǡһԪ൱ĵطҲʹŶԷڼȡ˴֮Ŀʼɳ
ʮʱȻĹȥˣҲһλһλλȴһֱûƶΪԽԽǿ󣬶յȥ֮֮⣬ȥ䣬ҲΧĻֵԪԽԽ
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ڳǿУҲֻгὫӵµĳ̶ȵģǿֲ֮ǿɵĻСӵʵ˲䲽뵽ĳ̶ȴҲ㹻Ľ뵽Ʒ۷ʵġ
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죬̫ĹˣǵĳжֻǴ˵Ĵ޷ܵġ
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似͹Ҷ춼ۡ
ԴԴ˰ӡȭ֮ѰѾԵĲôʺˣ⡶Ѫ˺֡͡ȡ쵱Ķ⹦һʩչ֮㹻ĲµĻӰ
ǡħǾ͡תǡȫĳĹҶӵûжٵȤ
ܿĴҶ˸߲ҵѡˡ
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ԼҪı֮Ҷħĵȥѡ񣬶µʬ븺
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ʮŹĹҶǰһѾûһε֮෴һֳĸԸĳ
ҶɾΪѾ۹дˣ뵽ԼȻȥһλǿߣʮ̲סһĸо
ҶݻȥԵĲ˵ļ򵥣ԭǼһȻ˵ѾҪ˴֮գȴôʱб뵽ĳ̶ϡ
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˵ʱʮŵɫɵһ䡣
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εѹȴҲ㹻ʮᵽϢ
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ԼԭȻµļһΪУ룬жɵӿһĺ⡣
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˵ܹҶԼӪеĻ۹㹻ĳɹһˣǿߵǰһж޵ġ
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ѾΪ۵飬߱ųնʮһҲǱϣĻȫıסˣķ˿ĲˣΪ˵İڳеسһѾ׵Ĺ˵ۺãԺ󻹻ࡣ
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ת˲֮䣬ɫȻ˾ȻӲ߸Сʱ
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šſҡ
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һůΪ֣һ󲿷ָˡħǾռǿ󣬵ȴҲǳһ֣ǳ֮еġħǾȻռݵһ󲿷֡
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Ŵ֮ڤĻڵصĽһδεĴս֮ϵںһĳڴ˵ĴﵽһĽޡ
оԼһĲҶ˫Ŀˡ
һֻСèһһҶϲɵ¶һ˿֮ɫ
ϵһδεĽϵĵ·֮УһλλŮƮȻĳ֣ҶоԼǶôˡ
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Ҷ·ڶоƮƮġ
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οڤ߿һλʼǿߵٻʯһʹõĻǷǱѰ
Զİȫ⣬ҶҲһķģϹε֮ҶѾ¶˾һҪԼŮˡ
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ڼһԼڷ
ڰˡŰɣСүһᱨģǺڰ˳׵Ĵݻ٣ĲΪˣѩŮս졭
µĳУǷǱѰĲһڿŸĺè̲סĴһ£ҶʵӰԽԽǿˣϴŵַǱѰĲһļµĸо
Сӡ̫ˣ𱾴үЩģӰĸоӵǿң
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˼˵ҵĶǱǸСɱģ
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ЩصŮһֵվУǹӭһĳһöϺɫĹ
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683 
ִɳĮô֮һСɳĮΪն񣬶Χ˸Ķ棬˵Ļ൱Ķӡ
ִɳĮΪ֮˷ܵı
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ЩҪɳĮ֮̽ȻǽԼͽǮԵȵģĵɳĮ֮еĶޣࡣ
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椣ܲôֱɳĮô·ҲǺģҵ֮ҲѾڲԶϢĲֻҪѰҵЩޣǾͿ뿪ˡ
˵ҶҲʼЩεĺܣôʱˣȻû߳ȥȻϻȫĿڿշ裬ִɳĮʵǴľˣ˵һһӡűȽס
ʱѾֹһεĶһδεļЦȻڶ⣬ǱһŮ˵ļЦҲҶΪĲˬжݺݵ˵
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ЩâͶݺݵ̬ȫĶҶްǶԷǽյ̬ǿȥ˵׺ȴû˿вϢ˵ĵҶһĻȣ޲ýŮٵİĳ̢һ
ҶһģҶ뷨εĲ֪뵽СԼǺֱ̬ڰ궼оԼƨһֻĸо
һ黳ȴ
ˣ֪ūҡ
ݺݺݵҧǷӣϣһ˿ĹҶϢ̲סһڲѡ

Ѿ궴쵽ˣʱһ峤һ죬ȻŰ˲ͼл趯һۺɫıɴ˿޷ڸסϵ̬͹֮УĲ
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ĿһҶ˵


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ɳɳĮУǽӲӵĽɫɳһһ޴磬㹻һжɵ
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ƱŷУʹڳ˵˲ֹͣ˳ŶԷȥֻǶĸ޴Уڱ֫档
һһŮͶòȴһɿµ·Ұһ̬ͨվǵǰҲ˵ı߾µġ
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ƺԼĵ̣͵ĻҲʼָԭ޼ɵ
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컳˵˵ȴߵļ˴һɫ


685 
ܿҶоΧһĲʼΧԼߡ
컳Ц˵
ܺáӶӵľˡ
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˵ӵ˫ĿѾʼ̰ĳҶ쿴˹ȥǶԷҶˣҶĴţһڽɫĳһ㲻ǷƷ˵εܹûдĽǮ
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СӡҪʲôܵ˵ֻҪеģԸ㡣
컳ɵӣĳҶȲȻ˵ҶҲӵвٵĽҲƱȴҲ鷳
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컳ٵȴû뵽Ҷ쾹Ȼǣ뵽ŮɫףٿҶͣ컳ѾԵ˼ƽϣڿҶָϵڤʱϸ¶̰֮ɫ
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ƺ޷ˣһöӣҵĴ֮׵ĲܹˣȻ˵ĻҲҪˡ

Ц֮컳ﴫ˳ɫ𽥵Ŀʼ
𣿵ӽվͿһöأ
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ǿǲмȥͨģħ컳ļУŸֶαҪʮٱҪࡣ
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׹ǿȥĴָϸ̳Ϊһöɰ״λһԲףıһɫͨ˿ȥ»Ϊһöװζѣһöɫо

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688 ֮
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׷ħǺǡû뵽ҵžȻ˵ĹŹְ
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Ҷ쵭˵
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Ҷ˵
Ÿƺǽĳֶν֮ǵˮ֮ȡԼУͼҪںϡ
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Ÿ
ܵ𣿡
þŸ˲ĽӲһâʱҲ˵ĸһ㻺˳Ĳиȥ


690 ɫˮΣ
ݵĽ֣ȴ쵽˼£µ˸ûа취е۹ֻ̣ǿҶһѾɳȥ׳̶ȵľŸˡ
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ڿռ֮Ű˲ͼİ£ҶǸоԼÿһεĺÿһεĲǼϲһ˿΢ĲƶɼĲͶ֮䣬Ŀռ䶼·ǺԼεϵһ
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΢ָصİڶԷԴϣҶ֮תһ֮Ҷٵ˽ȥ
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ҵļħĴҲûдļأģˣΪĻǻǹѪ
ֻһ˿ϢѣȴѾҶϵƻҶԷȫĻҪǶôĿֲָֻôСٴĻʲô
ӿµǣĿ֮ﵽΪʲôֵģʲôЧأ
ҶУѰ˾ŸеļȴҲûҵ⾧ʯ˿õļֵ
ֻһżȻĻ£õöʯԶž֮ˮ֮Ŀ񱩣һĻԪתպʹٶȽ

һôµ֡
Ȼȥ࣬Ƕһǿ˵ȴ㹻ˣٶζʱʡԺܳʱ䡣
ЧϺٶȵļӳ϶µĺܡ⾧ʯΧ£ǿ谭ס֮ǿ񱩵Ĳ
֮ɫˮ״صѰҹ۲š
ۻȻɣϸϸĿȥͺһƷһ㡣
뵽˸ղŵǹɿµѹڵҶһƷˡ


691 ع飡
֮Ĵ̶ȶҪǧ򱶣ֲֻһ˿ȴ㹻ҵ뵽ѵĵزħļжδֹļҲûļأ߿˵ӦǴ̫ʱڵĲ߲Ĳ
Ҷ˵
˼˵Ǹطģ
һȻ˵˵䣬ȴڿŲ񷡣
ϲ񷣬ϣ
ߵĿԷǸһЩҲų̫ʱڵĲ̫ʱڣ޵ʵ㹻ĿѵأǴ˵񼶵ǿ߸ӿؼԪ仯֮㹻󣬲ҵʵ֮ҲԼȡɫˮе
ҶΪڴ˵
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ϻ΢΢˼£ҶѾȻ䵽˵ϡ
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½ϵĵȼ൱ԣֻҪһͨˣֻҪǽ뵽޵Уͻ߼ĳ̶ȣǸһȵݣοҶݻһλ߸ϵǿߣѰ޼һ涼ѵõ顣
Ȼ̬Ҳ֡
ɡ
Ҷ쵭˵
ŸļУҶûҵٵĲϳ˼öҩ֮⣬ֻһЩ޵΢΢ε̾ϢһһﻹҪҶĽ֮ͳӽҵ˵
ӽңλŮӷˣ뿪ɡ
˵ıȻ뿪ԭУΪܲסǹɿµѹеŮҲҶ뿪֮˹
ԵĽӹеĽңŮҶ뿪ķ򾲾سƺڿʲô
µļһû뵽Ȼ̬ǹ֮Ͷûа취㶨Ŀ¼һǲҪȥǵĺá
һλ̲ס֮ŹصĹâл˵

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ʬ˵ҲشãҶ˵ȴûжٵ;
ħĴУҪΪ֮һµҲûпܣʦȷʵҪһµ壬ЩͨĲʺϡ
˼Ҷٶȴû˵ļԽԽ졣
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ڵĻˡ
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ĵ۶ʱѾٴεĻָԭòڼķѵĲ֪ܹڶ̶̵һʱбѾﵽ̶ȷʵѡ
ŴһεսջҲ
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ʱȴѾԼʸ뵽壬Ϊ˺һϸµĿǿߡ
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УҶٵĴԽԭǸϤĿռС
ռ仹Ǻһ£ŨĴ֮İΧ
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ˡ
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һֻĸֳ
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һҺ֮ɫɫĳ˸Ĺԣɫ˫ʯһ㣬˫Ŀ£ʯѹƣ
ϵ

ĽռоȻ֪ðĽɫĽдϵвڶҶ˵ȴ㲻ϡ
ͬΪǿߣҶԷ˿Ĳ
˿ǷԼƶҶ쾹Ȼû˿Ӱ죬ؽϽס¶һĨЦ֮ɫ
һȻԽԽǿˣ
Ҳڵ㣬Ѿо˿Ǵ۷ˮ׼˰ɡ
ؽɫ΢΢һ䣬Լʵһܣκεһǿ˵൱ļɻ顣
Ҷȴһƣʱòؽ̲סĸӿЦ
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ҲԼ֮УǵİҲſԸõĳɳ
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𣿡
Ҷ˫Ŀ΢΢һ䣬ϵɱ⿪ʼ𿪡
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еɱǳ˯Ѫ̼һ㣬ϵŭŭ
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߸ϵţΪѩŮʧȥ˾ͽڣΪѩŮٴεʧȥϹΣ
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Сӣûзſ
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ѩŮҲѾˣ˵ʵ޷ȥҡһţǼħ֮ҲԣɲҪ֮໥ĶԿɡڵħھ֮󣬸ûа취ôݵʱгɳҲ֪ġ
Ҷ˫Ŀɺ΢΢ĿŲؽ֮Ż˵
˼ҺİɣѩŮǲ׵ĹȥģһѪծȴûһ㲻ʣĻ
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ÿһεļ룬죬桭
Ǿ޴Ĵ֮ϣҶޱĿŵƽͬ⾮°ء
Ĵ䲻һΪĴɳԵ֣һεĴ佫ǿʱʷһΡ
ԭյĴ֮Уһ䣡
ΪҶʵҲΪ˼ʶʵΪ۹Ǵͷһδ֮˲Żѡڴ֮½Ҷг
쳹ֱ
Ϊҵ۹ȥսʿǵ棬ΪҴӵǶѱȥȴǵķṦΰ
۵ĺ
𡭡
ʮĺһ쳹
ڽաǴһλǿߣǿߣΪǵ۹ػǴΪҲ½Ϊ۷ǿߣλ֮·е֮Ҷ죡
ҶӰ΢΢ɢһȴȴѾ֮Уֹˮ
еһ̷
꣬ꡣ
ѩɫĳȾһɫĹԡ
û˿ͣ٣ʮ˻ع˵ϡ
Ϻһ˲֮ˡ
Ҵ֮ˡԶΪ׷ħ
ѪڷڣȼգøӵĹ
Σ޷ж
Ҷεĺ塣
ǵ۹ػ
ħħħ
˻쳹
ܰе꣬תдһ˿Ĺ⻪
ҲʱǹӵĹ֮Уһ˳
衭ڵһˣӣȴɣȴɣܿұΪ㱨ģ


693 عѧԺ
ؾһµؾһϵǿߣʥƷĿ¸֣µؾп²һ˿ģǱΪؾеĿ³̶ȿѾѷɫڷˡ
Ҷ໥Ħţû˿ı顣
֮ȷʵǴУһѾˣݹϵ׺ϵļأղصİãҲָ˱֮񡣡
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Ҷϲɵ¶һĨɫ
ؽĵ˵ͷ
ǲ˵ǿ߲ܽ룬һʵδ˵ˣʥǿߣеĿ³̶ȻҲǿԲ²һģҪĻˮ׼ǲģʵֻеһС֣ΪǿĻǿʼ
һҶɫ΢䣬֮Ͱװ˵϶̲ס¶˾֮ɫ
ʦΪʲô˵ǿ߲ſԽĴأ
ǺǡֻһֶΣһִǿֶ߽ζѣʥǿߵؾôע⣬Ǵõһ㹻еĿˣΣ
ѹƣ
Ҷ˵
ѹƣѹǿߵĽ룬һֻм۹֪ѣֻϵǿ߲ʸ֪ǰڵֻһոսˣҲ˽⵽һ㣬˵һ㱻ۼǿ֪Ļ½ڵģֻжʮˣ⼸Щ˵ķ𣿡
Ҷ΢΢ҡҡͷ
ҿɲΪѹƿԵЩǿǲ֪
Ǻǡ֪ΣĵͼֻʮݣֱһǿգʱҲһ£ʱ֮֮Ѿˣ֪˻Σ
һʱɫһѾЩһʼۼǿؾˣмѼֱ뻢ıƤһϢĻ½һοµ𵴵ġ
Ϣأ֪˸࣬Ǻڰ˵Ҳ֪ģһǿԷİɡ
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Ҷüͷ΢΢ԭΪǿ߽룬ڿȴֻһǿŪһֶζѣǱĿǿ֪ĻԵпܵ´½սıģһεðռֱһζľ֡
һκǿߵĶľ֡
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Խٶ˵Խƾۣ֮ռ֮ԼŰ˲ͼҶаպʼǿӲӲĸһܣۼǿߵĻҶҲֻкͶԷսֿٵ뿪һȻ£ҶȴΪԼźۼǿ߶սĿܡ
ۼһλǿ߾ͺһֻûʲôۼǿ߿νѾ쵽ĸ᳹صͶĪֿµƣһһʽݻ塣
ԶʱڵڵȽŽȻͬı֣ܹлȡһİҲ㹻ǻġ
ؽҲ̲ס¶ڴ֮ɫ˵
Զʱڵ⡣
ǿԴҪġ
ԶʱڵĿһһʽ̲ϹŵѧĿ㹻ζʢе̫ʱڵ֮һĳɹĻеĺôνǲԶˡ
ؽɫʼԿһѾ뵽۷̶ȵǿ˵Ҫٴεͻƽ뵽ʼΪǺεȵѰ
ҵļңҵĸܹıҵĵ۹ܵκ˵˺
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ԵĻһҵĻᣬʧܵĻҾͽˡ
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ȥѧԺһˣȻȥԼļ壬ܾûмԼˣһҪȥؾҪһҵǡ
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һε뿪µʱ䣬ȫĿ԰ȥģٱ壬Ǻ⵽ʲôӵļ壬Ȼǿᡣ
Ҷдһ˿˿ɭȻɱ⣬Էٴε뵽ǱϹ壬ΪԷΪһԭҶŮˣεĻ궼δҵ
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ÿһŵǳһɽ⣡
ҶоĳÿһŵǳȻĽⲻǿ󣬵ǧöǳĽںϵһѭ֮󣬰㹻ĻһС
⡭Ű˲ͼʵ̫Ŀ˵ɡ
Ҷ˵
Ǽȡ֮ǳ֮а֮ȻһֿʼݱǧöǳɵĽ
ǳҶȻ󣬵ҶУǷʵеĻÿһöǳ㹻ĲصӰġ
ҶŽԼ뵽С
ڽ뵽ǧöǳ֮ȴֻǱĸҫӨǳ֮Ҳûı仯һµĿܶûг֣ҶʱΪĿϧ
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һղŵĲƺŰ˲ͼɣصıﰡѵ˵ıСӸںϵΪʲôүļиûⱦأǿ󣿺ţƣ죿Ӵûļ䣬ʹ࡭
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698 ԡ
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˵ҶɫѾʼͷųһ˿Өɱԡ
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ҶһˬӣٲεĲ֪Ҷ쵽ЩʲôɱǳֵĻ˵ĽҪĿܣǰ׷ħֿɲǰ׽еġ
ֻӲǰ׸ġ
С죬ûµģʱһǵȵġ
ڿڸԼʹɫİٲȻԷ˼æ˵
𣿼Ȼ˵ĻǾҸطס°ɡ
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еĴҶһվȻܵ˲˵ע⣬Ͼܹ뽣޲һЩԺյĴٹ͸̡
ٵǲϵҶһ˵ѲţǶڰӣκ޵ľ޲˵ŶԷһλôﰡ
ڿĿĸʱһԿµ۾˵Ѳӵ֮Ҳòٵ˷׷׵ĴһЩYY뷨
ɫ￴ҲͰˣҪһ׷ĻҪϡ
Ȼ̫˵㰡
Ҷ˵΢΢ڰӣĸš
ӣ΢죬̲סڶԷϺݺݵһ
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ǰүǲǰȴ˰

Ҷһ˾վűԱʹռ˵İٲ쵭Цš
ҶĳΧȥһ϶һЩ֮ˣʱһڲƣԲ߳ԾƵݺʶ
Ȼڿӣ֮вٵ¶ǿҵĽ;ռеڿ˰ٲԼҶһ֮ȴصͷ¶˼ӡ
ȻǶٲѾ²⵽ݡ
ò׵ĴŮ֬Ľѳİٲ컺سһεĸ̾
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һǱİٲ죬Ҷ컹δ˵ӣȴѵõĴȤ
үƺΪܻӭ֪С֪֮ηӦ
һٲɫʱľ䣬ӻǳһһ㣺
𡭡ѧ㰡ⲻǷ곡ϷѣҶСĵġ
ӣÿɷЦת˵ķ֣ڰٲ￴ȷʵаµĺܰ
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ҶЦһΣŵһ֪ԭӣҲŰԵǱʣ§סԷЦ
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ٲĵ˵ͷ
ҹǡ
˵֮󣬰ٲǱй
ҶڰӣӣϺݺݵһǣָ˹ǣЦ

ӣ룬ô˵ǰҶռˣǵһΣ̲סһߺ죬漴ݺݵҶһǵ
˵ı̲ס¶Ľɫ
ڵʱ仹Էʱ䣬˼˲Ⱥס
ͷܴ󣬸Լһһ䣬ҶͰӣȻһ䡣
ˡʩһӦȫǿʹãٲүѾȫļϣ졣
СŮͶҶһ˵
ӣʱĴߣٵĽҶ˻š
Ҫȥϴ裬ɲҪ͵
ӣ˵
һÿϴģڷ糾ͣȻҪϴһµġ
ٺ١һҪ͵ŵһطûϸϸƷζӣӣҲҪϴ衭
ӣʱһŭ̲סĵݺݵҶһۣٵԡ۽˷ϴ
ҶεĿЦһǣĽϵѵȥһ䷿ϴ
ˮΪɵָһ㣬Ĵ߶ҶǳȻ࣬ȴһƣϴøɸɾ
ԡۻسţһҶȴס
ǰһ߰͹µĽĳԼǰ
ĺɫٲһ㣬һϴ֮ϢӵͻһѩɫԡȻԼĻɷӵ쾡¡
Ьŵأһѩ޳쳣ĻԲȾӳڿУˮ鲻ʱĵһ˳ԡͼ
͵ȲʱĶǽ˲䣬ĴɫѾ׵ı¶˳
ԲβʱΪƬԲһ⹴ĸ͹ԣɫ޷ڸסеĴⰻȻ˵µⴺɫӵ
ǹݺ֮˸δȻչֵĸӵ
ĹУҶ̲סĸоԼķڲϵ׳뵽Լǰı̢̬һʱѪҺʼ
ڲóİӣνַ飬ȴ֪ԼһһͱǿɶļһȫĿˡ
ͻأһȵ建رס˰ӣǻȵ̬Լ¶ԼϹĶɵðӣĽ΢΢һ̲סݺݵض֪Ҫĳһһٵİۣ
С͵
оԼһӣ̲סĽе
аⲻΪĳ˵̫ˣ˵ˣֲҪģĳİô˵̬Ҵ۸ġ
ҶһĽðӣɵֿЦõĸоҶͱСϣȴĶࡣ
šҶˡ
˾ͳԡ
ӣû˵꣬ͻȻоѾԼ˹ȥԡεܹڸסǰĹ⾰ʱҶڴԶѩ׵УΪûΧصİԡȫգȻӣһڰȻͷԼߡ


699 ô㣿
å
ӣĽе
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ӣӣҳ԰ɡ
˵ҶѾסһԺӣҡ
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ӣСзһ૵Ľд簮ֲɵðҶԴϣоԼ𽥲ԾĿʼͦ
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졭Ұɣ˼ۡ
һ֮Ҷʱʧ˴룬ŰӣεĽε̾Ϣһ
ȻǷѾ˸һ㣬ԼʵһյķȷʵðӣЩԲˡ
ƲĵڰӣĽϸһǽ̬Ҷ컺ؽӣĽ˴ԷǽĶͷ˵
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Ǳ˵ģ˲ͷųĻᡭԺӰġ
ҶʱĿЦõĶӣ֪ԼŮСԴеЩʲô
ԼǿסˣȰԼȥѰŮˣ
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°˵ԼǲĻ˲Ż˵ġ
ͣҶжʱĶڻ˴ĴָһɶĳҲΪ˽ƭϴŻô˵ġ
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Ϊ룬һ̵סġ
ӣ΢΢һ·ǺϼһĺĶҶ˵
죬̲סĻһзġ
ҶһвĿʼԵ뵽˶Է˵Ҳ¶ԾԾԵɫ
𣿡
˵ԡѾıһ˫ֻĽ⿪ˡ
УһĶҶ϶ʱ¶һĨϲܵɫ
컡
ޱȵ컡
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УҶͣЪǿǱĳԡеİӣҶŶԼķ¶˵Цݣ
ٺ١ֵܣи
뵽Ǻ޵촽µĶ̬һٴεӿҶ岻ĵһЦĳԡҡ
Ϥٴε𡭡
ʱ̣ӣŽȫ˸ҶŹȥ޵촽ѾԴһ˿ףǿȥȴһָ˵̬
Ҷһ̬§Űӣ뿪˷䡣
Ǿðٴ̲סķһİۣԷ̬εĲԷЩʲô
Ȼ϶ǲġ
Ѿʱ̣Ȼ뽣¥ĶһλλĻ֦չŮžƲ˲ϵĴһֻֻĻһ㡣
ʱĻмλӶЦŮҲ⣬һٵĽ߳Ц
ȴûһ˸ȥֶŵģһҶٴεĿ϶ԼжϣӦҲһ˵ġ
С椣СүҪȢŵģǻСүҾˣ֪𣿡
ʱһͻȻĴ˳лȻĴһŵζζҶԺжʱĳһʡ׳գ
װBļһ˰׳
Էɡ
²ؼ߸߹𣬶Ҷ˵ŵ̫ˣĲҪȥܣҲܲ
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ӣĵ˵ͷ
뽣ķȻζƣ
쵫ȴζļһһС׺ͺèһԵǽһ졣
ħȥؾ
񻺻ʵ

ԷҶ֪ˣֻû뵽ڲſʼѯԼ
ؾΣճ̶Ⱥǿ£ǱϾʥǿڵĵط׵ĽĻ˵ʲôΣա
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İɣԼ뷨ģǱ֮УұȥҲԼĶƵģֻҪǿ죬ҿӦģİɣΪħһûнħúõĹǲȥġ
ҶȻǻȴһ޷ĵϢԵʱû˿ȥе뷨
ðɡħȻѾĻȻûа취ģҪ߱
Ҷ΢΢ĿЦһҪ˵ͻȻһ촫
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֮ҶвɵһһѾ˵Ҷ춼ʼǱļһжôıˡ
㾹ȻҴң֪СүСүһ仰㹻ļ峹׵ݣģˣСүҪ㣬ҪôԹԵСүĴϰСүźģĻļ͵ɡ
üͷ΢΢ԷĻѾҶо˸Ĵ̶
꣬㲻Ҫˣ
дһĨ޷ѹֵķŭ͵ɱ⣬֮Ҷ̲סüë
һĻߣ
ƺЩϤ
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ӴСүˡ룬ǼѾ᧿ΣˣСү𣿳ǣСүԸ㣬ںڻüҹκúõϴһ£СүҪȫ
䡭
һֲľŷٵĴ˳һӰҲ漴ıʮӰٵĳ
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һ̶ʱĸı
ʱǱӰȴ˵ķվҶ˴ĺ
СүСүҪ㣡
Ҷüͷ΢΢


700 ɱƦ򣿰Ƥ
ǰӰҶ¶һĨŹֵı飬δ뵽ܹǰ֮ˡ
ߵıȻҲ˵̬
һʱߵĿⲻɵôյһ
СүСүҪ㣬㣡
Ǹ߸ϵĵһ㣬˿ûй˼ɣ·ԼͿ׵ľ˵һ㡣
Ҷüͷ΢΢
̲סЩʧأ֮ԻȫΪǰ֮ʶϤĺܣŮǱҶѧԺ֮޼Ļõ硣
һʱķֱ֮Ĵ˵Ļ𱬣ҶѧԺʱȴó˲١
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һͷһĳֱӵĴֱԼβ˳̬ʵĳ̳ĲλԵøӵջ
ۺɫ˸һĨϢƺڿʱʹһȻ̬ǾµʵҶ˫Ŀһʧ
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һۺµʱбĸӵķۻҲʹԭıԽ
һ㵥ĴǸղŽеϱԿĳ
֮˴Լһλʮ߰ӣ˵ǿ࣬˵һһƤһƤҶ첻ɵ뵽һֵͼޡƤ
ԷҲǷɫѩףķֵĲǽһģմѪŻɫݲϵķײĿ֨ǰŵݸѾʧӰˣһɼСְԵøĴۡ
硭þò˰
ȫĲȥǰƤҶ絭˵
ȻҲҪȥЦκθЦһɺеĹâȴ˲١
ǰþòˡǺþò𣿡
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УһĨŨԹϢεȻ˵ӣһֱڴٳҪޣƢ𱬵Ľã֮ȴһֱء
֮ʵҶЩӦ
˵ĳĬʵѾһиˣǰƤû뵽ʱԼȻˣԼǺεȵݣȻӣŭ⣬ʱĲ
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ӣһԷɫû˿ı飬Ĺâз·һλŮսһĿ£ǷŭҶİ׷ǶԷеʹʹҶеۣǰ֪ļһﾹȻҵ˵ķ
ѵĵҩϵĴƤһѰѵǺŵҶüͷ̲ס塣
һﻹһܼӰ
΢΢ڰӣϸοǺܿԽԹʼ˳ֻԹڳ
ڨڨ֮ɫʱҶЩ֪ԴǰӣȫԹ̬翴֮Ҷ㺦С椡
󵨣
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ѸٵĽƤڷʳ˴ĵҩ֮ȻٵĻָȻϵİӡɴڣǱղŵ̬ȴѾԵøĺתˡ
ģ
ӣǣ֣һĿǰƤ˵ӣƢ൱ͻݣٵĶŭڿƤ֮ȴ

ߴһһðƤһ̶С۾̲סĺݺݵΪ˻һС
һ۾ϵڰӣĽѲš
ھ˰֮󣬰ӣѾ𽥵Ŀʼתĸӳɲ㴦֮ŮӿԱȽϵġ
ĽļģϢںһɵĳֱ޷󵽵ģȻһŪŮˣǰӣɫȴ״μ
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ŭ⻺ĴҶϿʼ
ĹϵҲ˵ǰӣԼŮˣԷȻҵԼ棬˵ĵϷӣǴںԼơ
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ӣŭ߳һǱһ档
׳ǽеһλҩ޵Ķӣ丸ҩֶβܹƷƷĵҩԼʵ۹ĻǼ嶼𾴡
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ȴسҶ쿴˹ȥһλţҶԷӵĿ¡
˵ĿҶɫԵһ
۵ļһûжٵǱүԵ֮Ҳ󲹵ģóԣóԡ
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磬վȻҵǰƦүˣϽĹڵ
һλԵĺƤһӴĽе˵ȴڰԵ̬ȻǺºƤһܵĴ
ԷֵҶһ㶣û뵽һ־Ȼ˵ı£ƦгǰƤ
ŮˣǺôĵӰ֪Сү˭ǰ׼ҵǿ󵽵ġ
Ƥ˵һ۾ȴݺݵڰӣĽĽϵ۹ⶼ˳ŰӣʵϿΣԽĿˮԽ࣬ǿҪˡ

ӣ촽һѾɭȻɱ⡣
ԷҶ˵ԼƢ磬ȱûƢ
Ҷ΢΢һӣ˻ߵ˵
ɣҵŮ˶˵ĵϷˣҵǺҪ֪һĵж󡣡


701 ɱΣ
С˭
ǰɣСӻŮ˲ɣ
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˵Ҷ죬ܹӵаӣλɫˣȻʵĺܣڴзǿҶ챻Ƥ˸ڵء
뵽ܹƷλ˵ζǵҲΪļʺĽĽҲСģ±Ƥǵ뷨
ŰƤߵºͼͬ¶ϲɫҪ֪ǸƤǰҲŲСĺôġ
Ƥ⣬Ҳźģܹ˰ӣŮˣܹ˵Ľı̢Ҳһ˵顣
һʱǵҲ¶ڴɫ
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ҶĲ֪Լղһ۾Ȼߵ˵뷨
Ҳʼδġ
˭Źҵĵܵܣ𣿡
ʱһŭ˳
һʱΧΧ۵һɧֵҲ˳
ǰ״үı簡

ǿǴµĺ˰˵ӵƷҩֶεĸְΪ˲ʮȴѾʵԺǰ׼ҿνԽԽֲˡ
ϧ״үӵĿɶΪ˺ɫ˵бĺܣϵŮûһܹӵ˵ģһ̵ĲõĻĥˡ
ꡭСҪ𣿡

˵УһλİٽԲҶǰ
˴Լʮӣް룬ϺƤһ˿ƣݵĹϵȻҪڸˡ
ԷƤӵķ֣һĳ۸ĺϣֱ̬һֻһıŤҶ쿴ֻ֮üͷ
Ƥҵݻа
Ҷ̲סƲƲ˵
硭
֮󣬰Ƥ̲סļ
İɣܣбû˵˺㡣
˵Ѿ첽˰Ƥǰ
磬ǣ羹ȻҵḶ́ܽұ޸Ϊ޵ģû뵽Ȼ˵Ĳʶ̧٣ǻִҡ
Ƥļе
ɫһ䣬һС۾ݺݵط˵ĹâǹâȻҶ΢ľȣԷʵȻѾʦĲˣһʵǲ͡
˫Ŀ˳ߣҿٵתƵ˰ӣϡ
Ůˣһͬǻõ壬һλӵѩʥͻõĽ塣
ŮνǸǧǾ֮İӣȴԵıһɸ˵Ϣ
硭ǿƽңǸ޵Ů˹㣬ȵ̺֮󡭡ٺٺ١
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ڵҶ쾹Ȼû˿쳣·Լˣһ㣬һѪ֮ħŮεĲŭ
ߵλ֪ѵһ𣿡
Ҷûд˵ӣѪ֮ħŮ̲סĿ˵˵仰֮ȴһİŭû뵽ԼȻ˵һֱһԴ׵Ůһ㡣
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ӣͿʼС΢Ҷ俪ʼݺݵ

ҶŵһжʱŮĽɵһݺݵض쵰֪εĽС
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ȻǸղŵɹѾǡ
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вһֵǵĲϾ֮ȫΪģҶĵ˵ͷ
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ԷӱƤҪõĶ࣬˵ҪĶ࡭


703 Ҿ
з·̲ĳͨһ㣬תԼԿΧϵӿһ㵭ĲڲϵŤſռ䡣
ÿһεĶ·ռתĦͱ仯޲̲ĳǿµѹ
ȻδҶ죬ֻվǰҶȴоһĪѹڳԼѹ
ռеѹ˲һĿʼתͣ
ҵˣ㾹ȻݱɱҵĶӣҪҵһ⽣лޣ
һɰԵϢʼӿֻһ仰ȴǵ涼ʼһԲεʼӽ¿ʼŷ
ֻһ仰ȴ·ǽһ㣬Ҷ֮һ㣬㹻Ӱ쵽ؼı仯ҶȴΪԷʱԼ֮ӵĲҪ˵Ѿ֮۵Աȡ
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˭ĳʱǺεȵķŭһöըҩ㣬ˮȥԵ㹻ԷĴ󱬷ġ
Ҷ˫ĿȴʼԽ̵֪ˣһˡ
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Ѫ֮ħŮתϵĿҶ죬һ˵СлһĻߣӣҰӣ΢΢һ£Ҷ̲סһ
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һֵĲҵ⽣УռñСȴҪǰ׼ҵ˰ԲŻҹģû뵽˰ƤƤһĻ쵰ϵвҡ
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ȷʵˣԭҸΪ׵ģȻʼֻµıǼλӶԼҪΪеİأ֪ΪʲôЩӶͻȻڽ꿪ʼ˷̬ڼѰȥ֣һͼֻǼ塣
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ӣȻİǶӣߵ绹вʶģ⽣еĵλҲСġ
ڵԵѾʼ˲ٵӺܿİڳһ˧̬磬һ׷ͼ
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ĹĵĿŰӣڴӶԷõʲôǺԵҲ֪ŰӣԼԱǸĿЦʱһգ̲סݺݵĵһһҧǺҪҧһ
ݺݵضأǽϵķŭ£һ糺졭
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ߵİ͸͵ƿһΪҶ쿪·ܿı뵽˺еλá
Ե˺ܶ࣬ΧһЩ˻һ˱㹻𣬶мһǺɫĵط
˿ŵ˵еı
ΪƷ۸һҲԱõطһЩı
ΪձȽϴ󣬶һֻ֮ﶼŻųԵȽϵϡ١
ںελãЩطһЩĵҩ߹似۸񲻷ƣƷĳ̶ȸߴ˾ųɣ˵Ҷϲελù
ҲһЩǮݵ˲ŻĶ
ٺ١Сӵ۹ⲻػ굤ļ۸ǲͰǧңԷȴ䵱ɢ굤ˣһǧٽңСӼ©ˣͰ
һϲĴ˳
ٺ١Ǹ׳գȻֻһǧʮңɢ굤ǶƷĵҩػ굤ƷƷƷ֮䣬һιȻǼ©ˣͣ
һ˴ӵһλ߱˵
ΪһöɫĵҩڶԷвϵİš
һλϺǵһֹЦڿǡ


705 
ҶıҲǹأڿνɢ굤֮󣬱ӵĹŹ
ɢ굤һ־ҵĶҩ۸񲻹ٽҶѣǻػ굤һǿ˵ҩЧνǿµĺܣһƼ̵Ļ˵Ļָ
˵һöĵҩ۸ǧǧ֮䣬ļ©ĻȷʵǴ׬ˡߵӺҩ࣬ؼַϡ
ҩַǹؼеĻ㹻һöҩƹЧϵĸı䣬ػ굤ǱȽġ
ǶҶʦҩ˵һöνĻػ굤ƺƷֻһöɢ굤ҺΪҩ޵ַ㴿쵼һöػ굤ʧܣƤϰһαװһҩ޶ϳġ
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ԭήϺȻøߴ˲٣һԻǵ˫ĿоⱩεѹÿʼѹ
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˵Ŀ̲ס˳忪ʼѲǶһԸ˿û棬ֱ̬Ǵ㽫һĿһ㡣
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ҶһֱӵıЩ˸ӵˡ
û뵽õԽԽأ˾ҽ׼ңνϼװʱĻҵı¾ԵĿġ

һ˵̲סĴЦ

ӣ̲סߵ

һ֮˾ĵɫʱһ䣬ڿ˰ӣ֮˫ĿʱĿʼ仯
ӣĽͰȻʾԵĲԱģڽ˵Ķ֮ˮдŻʸʮ㡣
һʱ˾̲סĿˣһа̲סı˳˾ŪٵŮˣٵȴܹͰӣȽϡ
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ҶĶȻĸ˹ȥǰӣӲԷ漴ƮȻ뿪
ŮȻˣҡҷвߣȹϹĸ̬ĵɫס¶ǿҵռ
ڿҶ֮ɫȴ̲סһࡣ
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ڿ߶Ҷ죬̲סĽе
Ҷ졭ȥİ
Ҷ΢΢Ц
һ⡣
ڸղŵ飬ֱӵѡˡ
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ҶǿˣеûһǺˣȫǼթ֮˲Ǳ¶Լͼ˫Ŀȴ̯ϵƷϿ
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İڷû˿װκͱĴʩȻԷԵǲ֪һֲļֵ
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һ֮˾ĵ϶ʱ¶һĨϲɫڿ񶼿ʼıƺڿԼδһ˵
磬ܿҪˣŲǲᷴԵģΪҵ׼δޣϣ㲻ҪһЩ飬ҪЩ֪νһ𡣡
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˾һС֮ˣ˶Լյ׵Ķ֣Ҷĸ߰ͽϵĲми˼ɵ֮ġ
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ߡȥģû뵽ȴ˿˵Цߣһһ̸ˣѩǰԵѾʼɶˣֻҪŬһ㹻ͬģǿֻҪõѩǰİҵһжǵġ
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һǿҵͻأĴǷ·ԼԴըһƬװ˻ҶһĴ͡
Ȼֻ֮ϵ𶯣ɿµҶļ̲סĳֳһɹɵŤ塣

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Ҷ֮εȵңȻ֮൱ľ˵ģȴҶѹ»İ
ڲĽս֮ҲֻǼӶѡ
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⣬дⰡ֮ȻֻһֲǶҩ˵ȴĺܣԵжкܴѶȣΪһģһĿ֮ĻҲʶģټϴ˵ѡŻҸӵĶ϶ǿ֮ˣ޽ԼðȻȥĻϵķҪСֲ֮ÿǧǧŻߣΪڵУɳĮ˵еǿֲ
뵽ղԼ֮ɵĳҶ컺ĵ˵ͷ
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Ҷ΢΢˼
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һֻ񱩵ĲǱ⽨Եøע⡣
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˵֮ٴε¶Ц֮ɫ
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Ҷĵ˵ͷʬ뽫ԼݺܸΪҲҪԷͬʱԼʵܹõķչ
Թ֪ħĲ֣½û˲֪׷ħħ֮Ϣ
սʵҲ㲻ʲôԷҲҵʵ൱εĺͶԷ֣ȴδռ˿ıˣǶԷڰŲѷɫǵʵ
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ε̾Ϣһ֮Ҫ˵䣬ͻȻһӰҶС
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715 ٱ
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716 桢
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⽣Уҩ޵㹻ǿǰڵˣԼĵλڶԷһֻϡ
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ܺãǵһһǰˣСӱ֣
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721 ţҲ㣿
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һʩչķͷһѸٵĽı̨Χ
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ĻҲǰٱע⣬֪֮ٱŷ֣ȻһλԼһ޶ǿߡ
Ʒ۷Ĳ㹻ĲƵһֲϢ
аԵĿʼҶʵٴεһµĹ滮
߱һλµǿߣҶֶʵľ˵㣡
˫Ŀⲻϵ˸Ȼǿʼٴεļƻ㣬ܿѾ˽ԺĳΪһˣǰٱҲҪУֻΪٱΪܹȡҶĺøС
˵ٱ֪ħлλĻƶе뷨ԵǸ˷ܵġ
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һֻɫǳ֮ƻǰ
һֻɵơ
͡
΢УһɾҵĺѾΧסһ۵ȫ޷ŵУǱĴ˳
ţҲ𣿡


722 ֵܣ
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һ޷ŵĿǰ֮ˣǶԷۼƶ⣬ֻڿǰҶ졣
ƺҪǰ֮˿һ㡣
ģӰΧͽΧ¿ʼð˳Ӱ𽥵תΪ
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˫
Ҷ죡
ķ緶εȵİȻͦ
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ֵı֮ǿееһ֮ЧҶΪʼ𲽵ı
еĺȻҲѸ͵ӡ
ֻһֻɵȴҲǰһۿԴƵġ
ҿΣݻϵĽγҵ֮⼸ʮѪΪʲôΪʲôȴ˵Ĳһ
һ۵ŭĺ
˱ˣһ۲ԼݣֻԼΪԼĳɹɹˣԭΪԼһξԵĿԺǿ߶ս
ȴӭĵһζֱҶ죬ⲻò˵ԷǱ˼ҡ
Ľǿ֮Ȼؼı仯һۣһȷʵ鴫ѡ˶֣ѡԼ㡭ǱĶ֣

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˺ԼֵܵˣҶǲѡӱܵġ
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ҲֻЩĺ͵ҩ򽻵ļһŻὫԼ֮˾
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ϢǷųȥĻ½ģҶĻĺôĿֲ
ȷҪ
ûȵҶش𣬰ٱٴεĿЦ
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723 ƣ
ֵܣ
ڰٱвϵĻصǰ꣬ڵ֪ԷΪʲôССͳɾΪǿ߸ӿԳɹȡԭħħһıΪڶħ
ΪţΪø飡
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ʮ˵ɫ䣬æĹ˵Ͻе
һ˫ĿĿʮˣٱпʼԵҶðգܿǵܶĵˡ
ǰٱҪǿţɲΪʥˮϢ©Щǿǵϡ
ҶܹʥˮϢ棬ɸоЩ޷ţڻҶ죬ǶԷƺֻʮɡ
ʮܹӵʵѾ޷ˣڶԷȴٴεĸԼһһλҩʦ
Ǻεȵĳ
ʱѾЩˣٱúõչڵҪһЩҩ͵ĵҩʳһʳãҼ̵ȥƵҩڵ岻׶ҵ˼㶮𣿡
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ǿ׼Щˣÿег̣ǷвԾĵط̵ĶֻɱɱһǧɷŹһǶ𣿡
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⽣һеյģһʱ©˵ģǳ鷳һõĻ㣬ҵļҲصĺģ˵黹Сһĺá
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ǿΪǰǺԼһ޶ʵľǿߣЩ߿ɲղŵǱ׳һĵԷ
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ҩɫٴһ䡣
׺һ˭ǿǴʦҩޣҶȴֱܹǺͶԷȽϵϤˡ
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ݡ
ǻ񡭡
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īۡ

һҩݿʼϵҶԺƲϡ
һ񵤵ʱҶǺķ˺ôƳɹģǸʱҲһֵԭڲ׺һεҩ޵İ´ٳɵġ
ڵҶȴҲкܴƳʥˮǶԷ񵤵ĵȼѶãҶĺʸΪڵԭҪǿ˸ࡣ
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ħˣǰٱõһҩˣҲõ¯
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һϡĦ֮󣬶ʱһ򳡵شСĿռҶǰ
״εļ޴ҩңҶ˫Ŀ̲ס¶˾ɫ

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СĵĿƺⵤ𣬼סȼƵʺĿȻȵ֮ǾͳȥΪҸչ˲ǣһʼĻǸܲסġ
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ȴεĵ˵ͷͨղŵĹ۲죬ѾʶҶ϶һλҩǿߣ㲻ǴʦĵȴҲˣܹͲ׺һһǳ˵ġ
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ע
ӵ𡭡
ָϵĶʥˮ˳ʼչˡ


724 飡
յʱƮȻȥ
ܵĵҩ֮·޾һ㣬ϵĿʼ˳һ޴пʼ
Եܷ⣬ǵҩֵ֮ǿ󣬻ٳɶݱһɲСѹ
ټİٱУرػıжһǿҵĽȸС
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͡
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԰ٱʵȫĿԶҡҵڲǰҶƵʥˮҩʼɢ֮󣬰ٱѾ֪Լ޷谭ס˵֪ˡ
˾˵ҩ˵ǿֲɫҪڸסѾ൱ˣӲҪ˵ٱ
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˭Ҳû뵽һڻ˰ٱ֮󣬾ȻĳҶȻǲգ۶ȴѾصҶߡ

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ұ˿ĲĳҶ˹ȥһֱ۷·ǿٵһħһ㣬ǣص
֮һеĿռ価ƿ
Ѫŭˣȫŭˡ
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꣬Ǿ֮ӦǺĹйϵ
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ѲһڼΪԼѪб¾ӶҪ²ɣ
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㲻ɱңɱҵģ׷ħ֪ܶĹںڰ˵飬ӦûȤģеأһȤģ
ҶͷϣһԽԽ̿ʼתɵĺ⿪ʼչ֡
Ҷ΢Уһɢɫâ֮ǿе˺˳
һɫ꣬ҶûԷ󵨵˵
õϵ꣬Ѿ㹻лҵҪˣ


739 
ǿ߶սʼǿߣ
λȴҶУ𺳣ѾǼ򵥵𾪿ˡ
޷ţȫ޷ţ
ҶʿһȴҲ㹻Ͽһ㡣
ʼ֮дھǿߵһˡ
ʣѾ¶˾ֵɫ
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ֿӣӰ
ĵԲͬķȥ
Ҷ뿪΢УǼӳ˿ռ֮ٵ˸
ֻıҶ˷·ǻһ׵һ͵ĳ̹ȥ
λʼλӦ㹻Ǻڰ˵Ϊ֮ĵĺܰɡ
ҶﵭĽе
͡
һٵĴҶıչ
תУҶ徹Ȼ˼ʧˡ
ʧΪٶȹ˵۾޷׽Ϣ
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ĵӰ£Ѫɣ
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˫޷ŵ۾ҶɭȻЦ
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ǺڰˣΪǣҶȥɱЩˣǧ򲻸õĸ˺ڰ˵ߡ
˷ǺͺڰһˣҶ콫ԵĲ顣
Ϣ΢΢תջ𣬶ŷ֣ʱѾڲٴιȥһա
սȻһյʱ䣬ȴûһоģһսǶôľˣΪ֮
սѾˡ䡱ľ磬뵽һδ֪硣
ʼֲ˹ȴѾⲻ˱Ҷɱ
ΧصλǿǷ׷׵Ŀʼѡ뿪
Ҷ̫ı̬ˣԿϵ
оΧԪһĶͳ鴤ҶȴҲ¶˲мɫЩ˶һȺϡ
ֵȥ⣬Щ˴󲿷Щǽͷݣ˵ˣħãдбӻǰٱԵĻġ
ϡ˭˲أ
Ҷ˵һѪźۼ
Ѫ֮ħŮǻһ˵Ļߣһ޾ĵǡ
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޷յ㹻һָģңҲԽϢһ赣ģ
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񹧾˵
һ˿俪ʼҵԺпˣԽԽˡ
˵
Ҷ˫Ŀ¶һ˿ɫ⸣ļ䵱ȷʵѾָˣǴҹʵļ仹ĺڰ˵ļ䣬ûҵ̫ھϢ·һص֮ڰнǵһ˿Ĩȥһ
ǹǸ𣿡
Ҷ˵
Ǻ٣Һңʱ֮ڿ޷ġ
ҶĸļЦ
޷Ѿܺˣٻеϣ𣿡
漴ĶŰٱ˵
Ҫ
ŵΪʥˮҶѾȲҪʵˣһǹƣһֱȥĻʥˮԿƣһҪҲҪʶһʥˮЧ
ãϰţ
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Ѿ¶˾ˣһλֻܹͨˣҲҪסԼļõҩﶼһҪȫľ
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һǿߣԼ֮󣬼Ҳ˵ĳֱӻģǿߵıӻԼļٴεķȥ
Ƿ䣬ȻûдţǴʱķеҩ֮ζԭҶʱŨʮĳ̶ȡ
ɼʱǺεȵء
˵ʥˮǹʱ֮ܹΪĴб»ӵҪһˣǾһӵĳɾҲֻһδֻ֪ҪǲȥȫĿԽεסֻҪǵļԳò˥ȥ
Ҳͬ⣡
ڵ峤ţͬģΪ˼壬һŮʲôʥˮǺεȵҫǸһ˵Ļ̫ˡ
ٱʲô˼ʥˮƺǻڰ׷ħ˵ϣǾĸȴԵռУҽٱһƷһĽ㲻̫㵱ΪԼĳϵֱϵ˱ΪΪɣ
һҵ˳
һۣҶ϶ʱ¶˿˿ĺ⣬Ǹߵİٱɫʼѿ
Լļ˾Ȼ˵İ࣬ţ
һСȻ˵ķɵҪռʥˮ
ʥˮֻǿµĵ壬ָԲĳ̶ȣӵĿ԰һ˵õľ磬ڲŶʮ꣬СҲ಻˶٣ȴѾǴʦǿˣֻҪǵõʥˮҵ彫µĵ죬Ǽ˵ԺǿǸ洦׷ħҲǿߣǰٱˣεܹǼᲢۣ
һ仰˵꣬ٱ϶ʼŤλϣԼٱǿʼ

죡
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һѽǷݺݵƿ
ġڣ
ǳϵĳ֣ʱһֵ˳
ž
Ҷⲽֻǿеİٱڳ¶ϲɫ
ʱȫѾʼÿή
Ȼʧȥ˵תڸ޷Ļָ
һλ֮꣬ڻĿҶ졣
ȻǸղ˵Ǹꡣ
ϡڡ
ɫİٱһΪٱ곹׵¶˾͵ӵɫ
ԼֱϵڿҲͰˣֻҪԼϳˣԷǲԼġ
ǱԼڰٱһУԵˣһҶ죡
뵽Щ֮Ѿ̲ס¶˲Ĳ
㾹Ȼ˵ķ
ĳϵɫŤֹĺ
ƽֻػ壬ȴȴȥĹ̰ܽ
ٱį˵
Լļгţ
ž
΢һѾĺݺݵؼ˳ȥ

һҽУǰٱѾĵ˵ϡ
ϳȥȥ
ٱ˵
ĳȻһϧǸȴĮǰٱ֣Ҳֵġ
Ҷ컺˵
ʼΰɣ
ʼɣʱƿʼԽȥԸȥ׼һº͵ĵҩ
ٱ˵
ǵģڣ
ٱæĲøɾϵˮɿ˳ȥ


740 ҩ
޳
ٱи
ԼػļоȻʵҶΪķŭΣ˭ڷԼػ˶˾Ȼһļһ֮жܵģܿ㰴סеγҶ˵
ħʼɣ
Ҷĵ˵ͷ
ƺǲһϤϢ֣߳ԭպϵ˫ĿȻ
İϤİ׷̲סһů
ĵܡˡ
ȻһֱⷿսȴɿԱоֲѹǿϢŭвʹһıˡ
û۵ļҶսΣҲĸоһսǺεȵĲҡ
޷ֵ˵Щ׵Ŀ
ҶЦ˵
漴΢Уһɢ߲ɫâһĳӳС
ԵҺ壬Һ棬߲ɫĹâȴĴﵽɵĳ̶ȣжĹ⻪·һ̫ɢԼϢ
һ͵Ϣ䣬ȾеĹ⻪ʼԽʥ쳣
²Ĺâ£һеĳƺΪʥϵı顣
ϵĴһӨޱȣ·ǳΪʥ񣬵ȴʣһγϸȪ
ᵽ˼еҵ嶼оޱȵ泩еصĵطʼøͨ
ٱ̲ס¶˾ϲ֮ɫ˵
أͨ
Ҷ̲ס¶һĨɫطƺĳջأ
ҶǹŹֵһۣٱĺëȴ˵ĹŹ֡
èԼͷ̲סֹ
ôζĵҩʥˮʲôȻ֪ĺζǳԵĻӲ֪ûָʵأеҩǿᶼ㹻ᵽһ˿ʵʡ
èٱ¶һĨ֮ɫԭΪèҶĳȻһֻСĺèȴҲûУ˶ԷȻԿ֪֮ⲻһͨļһ
һͨĳ
һﾹȻʼǿߵȥ㵭ѾԱġ
èʱԵһλʼǿߵȻǲȱģûһʧȥ꣬վʼǿ
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һȫëʼıøԴϵһԽ
˿˿߲ɫĹ⻪ƺ޵չš
һӵ忪ʼתУЩ岻ϵķŴ·Ԥʲôһ㡣
ʥ嫣ƥʥ࣡
⡭ЩֶôĹϡʥࡢءҾȻ޷ʲôʱ֣ȴƺǰĳִϢ
ٱ̲סľ
ΪһλǧµĹϾٱԵʸԼΪʶ㣬ʵҲȷʵǼʶ㣬ӵǧֲµģȥĻҲ̫˷˵㣬ǴϢĸҲѡͨΪӵ֣ԲŻŴķ
Щصȴ·һƪƪʥһĿ
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ٱ̲סľЩѸ٣ȥĸ죬ֻת˲ѣȴѾʧӰˡ
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ˡ
ָһе˾ڴУһʥˮѾС
ʥˮԶʱڵĿµҩѾʧǵ־ȫʧˡ
˺ڴԶ֮Ƿʹ˵еôǿᡣ
ҶƵʱȴɵ̲סЩĻɣʥˮƺֻԶʱڵĲԭֻǻɣڼǼ쳣Ĺ֮ȴʼӵļһ㡣
ԶʱڵȻҶ첻˵ǾͨǶȴҲʶֻЩ˿ҲԶŵζ෴ĸӵĹϡ
˶ڳ˼ڴʱȴѾ˱仯ϾȻʼɿѪ
ѪγȪˮһʣֹס
ž

ٱ˷ܵػȴһĻһ䣬ıе
Уδ
ٱű֮ɫԻ⣬ȴǾ֮ɫ
ɫѪ
ͻȻĽеֻѪȻûһ˿Ĵ۵޸УǺڻ֮ɫ
ʥˮԶ֮˵԰˻ָһɨѪеһʣ൱һξ޴̥ǣ
Ҷ΢΢ĵ˵ͷΪʥˮߣһΪġ
ʥˮȷʵĳֶصЧӦֻǶȴû뵽Դǣһ֮ϾԵĿԴﵽ̥ĳ̶ȡ
Ҳֻܵش֮ſԣѰ֮û˿˺޷ʥˮһ˷ѣһķӲãԶʱڵĵҩ֮Ҳ
֮ҩٴεĳˣЧҲǷǱѰġ
ٱ˵Ҳ̲ס¶̾Ľ֮ɫ
ʱȫѾڸı䣬˿ʼԽ͸ϵȫĸı䣬˵ϢʼƮһ̲ںʱǿеɨ·һĨĴϾ
һҲһһС
èʱ˵˵˰ٱеһٴİۡ
ͬʱҲ¶˾֮ɫƺǰԵ¶˾ģԺһҪĿס
âٴεһεĹâȴĵﴦѪģĵطѾһԲٶȿʼָţٶ̫̫ˣǾŴκѣⵤѾָ
ȫĴϾз·һһĴ

ԪѸٵڶԷпʼתϵĲԷʧѪҺһεĲ䣬ԭǲ԰׵ɫҲ𽥵ıú
ǻָˣ
ٱ̲סĸ̾
ٵĵﱻָ֮ȴ̯ҶһֵܣνǺõĳ̶ȣԺ»ӵǿᡣ
ڴʱһλ˿ٵ˽ϹϾĶҶһ֮Ŷǰٱ˵
ڣһڵȺ˵ҪҪ׷ħˣ
ҶͰٱ໥һۣɵÿһ۴ϵ
ǹˡ
ٱЦ˵
ʥˮҩĵĺܶ࣬ǿµĺܣΪⵤҩǺλʴսһΣЩɥԷҪҩĻƺЩ̫˵㡣
ҶСʥˮǺķǧŴģһε˶Ϊһҡ
ҩƺ̫Ҹо˵㣡


741 ʥ
²ˣһҵʵϻǲģֻһΪһ飬ѾһȻһλţǶԼܵȴ൱۰һζԷҪĻֻǵĵġ
ٱƺΪһ˵
ƺǶһ൱Ŀá
ҶЦЦĶŰٱ˵
ȿȿȡһҲΪĹˣǵ֮еϵ
ֻ˵ȴҲ˵ˣǲ˵ҶҲԲ²ĳıһЩϵľ𣬲Ҷ˵ֹʲô¡
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Ҷ첻˵ٱε˵
˵һҵʲôè壿㹴ǼĳλڵŰɣ
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ٱ̲סĴеɫǺ죬̬ȴҶһ
㲻İɣ
ٱǽһưԼֻΪһеϵȴҶһ˵ڡ
뵽еأȴֻÿЦ˵
е൱ĸӡ
ҶɵûзӦֻƵ˵
ңһιѰҩҲǿֶġ
Ҷ΢΢һ˿˵
˵Ҷ磬ǲ˵ģͬ޷ϲıǿɲҪûӣ
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뿪ƮӰٱ˫Ŀ΢΢һ˿¶һĨĹâ
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촽ʵһλӣʯļз·Ǳţϴһİ𪡣
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ʥˮԶ֮Ʒһ㶼ǾŵΣҪҲһΣʥˮ㹻һ˵ȫĻָһαǿ˵̥ǣ˵ֻʹһζѣֻһΣ
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ĸԸĸһ˷һǧʱ䣬⼸Ѿˡ
ԭ򣡡
·ǵ绡˫Ŀл˸
ҪһʥˮһˣⱲˡ
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ʥ˫ĿҲһĶҶ죬ڴʱ·Ǿֹһ㣬˭Ҳû˵
ħħ˶ܣֻҪһ
ΧĸпǲǿߣֻҪҶһ£ʥԵĻᱻɱοҶ
ܲɣɽ
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ʲô
ʥҪˣȴû뵽Ҷ쾹ȻܹӦʵĳԤ롣
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ˡ
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лллл㣡
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Ҫȥҵļػǧɣػػ㣬ֻҪҼѵʱػסǡ
ʥԸĿҶ죬û뵽ԷȻûпԼԼôҶԿ
ôңСΪʲô
Ҷ΢Ѿ뿪ңңһ
ûΪʲôֻΪİ֮˻лȣҡȴûˡ
뵽ڰ׷ħĴţٿİ׷ʥ¶һĨȻеʥˮʥ˵
л㣡
ħ
ܵǰʥʧϢϽס¶˽֮ɫ
޷˺ȻĲʲôˣһΪԼİ֮˸Ըðյļһȷʵһλ˲õļһҲĻһҲҶսȡģ塭Ҫһλֵػ˻һѡ񡣡
Լļ壬Ҷһֱǵģһְеػ˵ȴܶ鷳ġ
߰ɣȥһۣһﵽʲôҩ
ǡ
ٱһĴУﵽ·ʯװš
һλĬĬû˿ı飬һĽ·ǵµĺһ㣬ĽӴ㹻ΧǸоԼ·Ǳסһ㡣
ž
һ΢ĽŲӵ϶ʱ¶һ˿ţһ˫ĿǱֲĽĿʼתѡ
ǰһۣҶޱĶŶԷ˵ͷ
漴ĽӹĲ裬ƷζƺǶһ۵ĳ˿δһ㡣
ħˣ۽ǰӦ֪еԭ򡣡
Ҷ쵭˵
Ϊһɡ
Ϊǲĵܵܡ
Ҷ΢΢Ŀһ۶Էһ۱ϴӵǿ˼֣ϵĽѾø
ˣҾһһܵܣѾֻʣֱϵѪף⽣ٳΪ˵Ļ彫˳֣


742 
ž
еıȻķ£һȴ·ըһһ۵Ķ߻ص
ҶЦЦĶһۣЦȴԵԵøɭȻĮ
ЦЦܵܽҵֵܴ˷ˣȻȴҪҩһۣ㲻е̫˵𣿡
һ۵ƺݺݵսǰƢҶǾԵĲȥģԼĵܵǼõһ̳ߣԼڽԺ˵ȥ壬һ˳Ϊ˷Ƕκεһ˵һ£ٶǼ˵Ǻ¡
ħ˼Ҷ֮ӦѾʧȥ˱˴˵ˣħʥˮڵԵѾָˣԵĻ˴ȱǿĵܵܡ
Ҷ컺ôӡ
ʥˮԼĸҲҪģȻ˵ʥˮµĺܣԼĸ׿Ѿٵʮʱˡ
˵һεʥˮǿЧģǰʥֵõһΣԼֻߵˡ
ߵβ಻٣Ҷ컹ǲһ
˴ȱ
ۡ
˫ϥһ۾ȻĹ˵ϣ
žžž
ָ΢΢ô棬üͷ΢΢֮ԲԷʥˮһΪԷԼĶ磬һΪʥˮ̫Ĺˡ
˵½ֻһ˿ʥˮھ֪½Ҳֻʥˮ
ֻҪԸĻ¼ʼǿ߶ԸԼͱġ
ǰٱԵǺһĳֵϵĻҲյĿԼ
Ȼǲô˰װ׵ĳֵģʥˮȻе֮ġ
Ҷ΢΢İ֣

һһţĸΪԼĵܵȴ˵ϣ˵ȷʵһĪ裬ΪԼĵܵҲֻˡ
ֻҪԸĻԸ⿪ر⣡
ر⣿
ҶζЦ
ħӦνرǼռǧı˵ÿŻῪһΣΪ˱ҪӦееıԺֵǣ
ٱ
֮Ҷһ漴Ļ˵
˼Ҵѡ񣿡
ǵģ
رÿΰſһΣʵѾˣܹȵԼĵܵܣԼ˵Ҳ㲻ʲôˡ
ðɡܹĻһεʥˮ
Σ
һ۵ɫ̲סһ䡣
㹻ʹˣʥˮ̥ǵĹЧҪһΣȴ㹻︴ˣΪǲ֪νرҵʥˮӵ𣿡
ǾͰΣ
һε˵
ϣܹѰҵñɣҿɲϣԼǰεʥˮõĶЩ
һң
һϵļ壬ǧĴΪԭȻǿᣬֱϵϵѪȴ˺ܶ࣬ǵȴֻʣһһֱϵ̳ߡ
˵һ޷κãǹһ۱Ҫ̳ټļҵˣһȻĲѡ·ġ
һʵһ壬Ҷ֮Ҳǰ龰˺һӡ
Էļĳ̶ȹ⽣Ҳֻǰٱܹ
˲ϵĳһڿԷдһĨһʵĹȻǶԷһ۵൱Ժ쳣
ڿҶʱȴԵЩ쳣ٵ¶˸ŭԵ̬
ҶһͷѩҪڸҲǺѵģѩѪͫжѵҳڶˡ
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λˣ߰ɣ
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һλͻȻĽе
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͡
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749 

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750 
Ϻֻ˻ڲдǸȴʧˡ
˵һҶȻ൱ĲˬǻǵһȺĴˣеŭӵʢ
üתУ֮ۿʼͷųɵĹ⻪֮ӿҶ΢ڿգݺݵش˰֮һƽĵϡ

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ӵɫһ弱ٵĳҶȥָɫ񹳣Ʒǵ𲻶ϡ
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754 
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гʵٴε쳹
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ǲʶǴá㻹ʲôҪʵ𣿡
Բѣ˳ڱΪֵܣһ䲻ʶԸ㶨𣿡
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죡
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һȷʵʶӣڶԼԼĺãҲܲš
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֪Լô˵ּ쵰ôûţǵõһĵˡ
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˵ȻĽһҪ޴ʮĹײĸ˳ȥ֪һô
һײľʯ죬¾Ȼûһ˿ķ϶һʯĴɵġ
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ҽӸղŵ﷢˳
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759 ս
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һɫĹȻĴʯ׵Ĺ׸汬˳
ĺɫĹ·һٵصĳһ㣬ؼǳһĿա
Ǿ޴צԵĲжԷӰѾֹѵ״̬

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âʼڣצվǶԷĶ֣һȥ֮ϵĹѾȫɢγƬ
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дһ˿̰ζ
Ҷȴʼ𾪵Ըӡ
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ϼУһпʼ˳ǧĹ⻪ʥϢӿ
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ս֮ϣһĻӰʼ˸޴ѹ֮£Ҷ˵忪ʼϵıѹȥ
һﱻӡѹ£ȴֲֿҶвʼԵ𾪲ѡ
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ָһսϵҶ׵ľȴԷɵ˹ȥ

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⡭Ȼôܣ˵ļ֮ΪʲôһСϣôС
ʥĺƸ̲סĳҶץ˹ȥ


760 Զǿ
Ҷ˫Ŀ΢΢𣬴ʱ·һ㣬˿ûΪԷǿʥǿߵĿֲƺһ˲ȫԴݿٶȺϢѸٵ
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ԶʱڣԶʱڵĴܣһѾ˰ʥǿҲܴôõʱ䣬ԶʱǿǸӳõ£һεܹڣλḴģ
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һǿԿ϶ô࣬ϾһδĻֻǱӡУһûȫɢֱؾ֮һ˿Ḵ˹ΪؼǶԷĹȵĹأ˿ɲһôõ
ҶҲǷǳķգЩȥȫĸĻ½Ҫ
֪ежٵĺ˺ͻУǶħʥһĶ񶾼һ½¾ҲԶ˶ˡ
ߺߺߡİɣһܹҲֻ̫öѣܹѲҸ˾Բôģصķǲġ
ҡͷԵ˵
˵̲סĶҶ¶˴֮ɫ˵
ֵܣܲܽһȨȽҿ
Ҷ޷йĸоһ̫Ƿˡ
Լεȴֲȥ
ӣ´鷳ʱܻܲˣ
Ҷ̲סŭ߳


761 аħ
ϴ֮Ѿһʱˣǰκԭû˿ĸı䣬ǻҵĺܡ
ֱֳУɫޣϵѪɷ֮Եĳƽĵط
ҶһŲϢƳһ㲻Ѱ֮˺ܿı㱻ע⵽ˣдš򡱶ֵҶȻΪ˲ֵĶ󣬲ڿĿĸ֮ǻǴͷ
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һȺ쵰
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ڴʱͻȻһӰٵĴ˹
ʲô飿
ӰҶɫ΢΢һ䣬漴˵
ѩǰİڶŵŮ΢΢Լٵĺ˵
ˣˣ
΢΢ÿԼϵ֣Ҷһ䣬˵
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ǰԵϢŮʵ嶼̲סһ
ƺǷԼȻҶƸûʱһ⣬ٴεǰݺݵزһţź޺޵ĸ˽ȥ
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Ҷһ˵
ʵ֮Ҷ켴ҪҲʲôģ˿νÿձغȡ
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˼ǶԷںǵʵ
϶ĵ˵ͷ
ǵģʵʵں£Һ֣ԷںʲôӦòں°
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ѵ˵ΪȸԵʣȸһԷʧȥһ㹻ǵ˵һĪ˺
ҡҡͷ
ʼʱСҲôģǵĵȴ֣鲢ӣǵõϢһصĸ֣˾˵ǳսʦ𣬵صĸȴʧˣȫȫʧˣȴ˶ԷƷѪԼԷ֮Ե˲⣡
СǻȸʬҲʧˣ
ʧˣ
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ڶڴ˵֮˵ǿΪõĳλԶŴܵıأڡٵѾע⵽ˣ
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770 
ԶŵĴУħϢǱƶĻǽɴСһı˵Ĵ˵Ļܻܿһĵ˵ġ
̲סüͷɱ˵
ָһֱڱ治ϵİ棬Ҷˮ˺ѴĦԷе뷨
ι㲻𣿡
Ůʵ̲סʵ
İ
Ҷд޹ĲǷȴû˿ĵĿԡ
һֲŮʵȾһĹâ
ҧģĺҧһ
ǺȻŮҲ˵ǰʹûʤһֱǳ·Ľ׶ϡ
ħҽħĵӺ͸ֵǲһҲԱ֤İȫ
̲סе˵
Ҫ
ҶıǵǴһֵţ
ҵʵѾ뵽һƿ֮УУҸĲνƿڲһ̵Ҫͻƣһ뵽ʼĲ֮ҲиİػԼˣҲҲһᣬħĸ֣Ҳ˵ħڷչ֮Уαһֱ˵ĵ͵ĻòٵΪںء
˵ҶıѾųһ˿µĵĮͱɱ⡣
Ҷ죬ûб˭вǶεǿҲУ
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һµĲſռ˺ѿʼĳʼ취ӿ
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أ
Զŵıأ
ĪĴ֮ʿУһֶ֮
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һԶŴ֮ʿеĺСӣӵܹõĻǴԼӵһűأԤʾԼ޿ܣ
һʱ䣬ĸֿʼӵдлȡζ
̫ʱڣĿʼʱʢеʱǸʱУÿһ˶ľѧҲǸʱġ
ԽǹϵʹڶűԴһµĸ֣ǵĳΪӽڱԴһִڡ
ıԴ
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ԶʱϹʱ֮ϵĸıҲɴ˵õˡ
ִѾʧǿص似߹
ȴ˸㣬һԵõԶʱڴܵıأԽȥӴϵĹ似һ죬Ӵ˽ۻӴ˳ɾΪĴʦ񻰣˵ʷʫ
˻᲻
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ԶʱѾķˡ
ԭָ˵ʵһ֮أ˵ĸԴѾˡ
ΪؼѾʱûб˷ֹν챦ˡ
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ŵرϵĸı䣬ԴҲ˵⣬ʱ֮ѾΪ˿İռ˾
Ҷһ˻ľèŸԴǰţһè۲ʱĳ¶ڴɫ
һ£æĽе
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ǵڼˣ
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ʮ߲ˡ
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ֻһЩϺϺΪǣЩһѾ𽥵Ŀʼƫԭ·ˣǸ
ĶЩļһΪ˶ڱԸ˺սƺЩˣҲ룬үһẦ𣿡
һ
ĳڸղſܵı˭죡
ιιιǿһλƷ۷ǿߣʵӵı̬ҪһˣүûʵͶԷӲӲĶŸɣ
ħѾԸȥ˭ĵӣħϣȻף֪ĻһҪ˴ң
ҶЦЦ˵
ȫĲҪӣϾڸĲҪģЩֿǶûأǵ߻һλʼǿأ
˵ҶѾĿ׼Ůʡ
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ҶϵЦݸӵŨ
𣿵ɲһҵߣ϶ͼġ
Ҷǿ϶ȻҶԼһʮ굫ȴѾΣȴεĶû㹻һλʼǿ߿еĿܡ
ؾ
ŮʵǻһصĻߣЦ
漴ҶڵĳΪڴľ֮ɫ
ô֪ģ
Ҷĺ
ؾݲؽ˵֪˺ٵģǰŮô֪ģ
ҡʱѿǲ٣ĳ̶ҪӦҲΪ鷳ôһΣ
Ҷüͷ΢΢ǰŮܹһţȻҲʲôŮǲŵطѡĺԼ
ΪʲôѡңƺǾǷؾɣ
Ҷٴε׳еʡ
ܡƺҲǽ͵ʱɣ
ŮһԽɫĳǰĳ˹ȥ
çĴشʱѾȾһϼģѪĹâдһǿҵѹֺζ
Ҷ˫ĿŶԷעӿʼ˹ȥǲçĵϣһ壬ңңһɫĹڳ߼ٵĳ
һˣ
૵ĵ
ʱĵ޲һȺˣΧɱ
ӳһ˵ȴʵĺܡ
һˣһһޣϢƺǺڵĴƣԷ׺֮һаζ
ȻڶԷߣһֲֻ޴ʨĺǺɫӰ໥ںϣŶԷݺݵس
ֲĲ涼ʼ̲סĲ
ˣ
ĺ
һǿȴѾҶĻ˲俪ʼŨı˳
һȥʮ̬ӣȻߴ󣬵ȴһ쳣Ϣ
ٶ֮죬µ޷·ǳ˷һ㣬˲仯磬۵糸һ˵ǰƱøӵĿ
ͭɫļⱩ¶ڿУ·ǻͭɵһ㣬һֿµѹ漴ɡ
һҰһ˫ĿһԵĹâӸµҶ졣
Ͷ֮·ѹһУ
΢΢Ŀ˼Ҷ죬ڿҶһͷѩ֮󣬲¶Ц⣺
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771 ˲
·ըף֮вϵķһ·Ҫռ䳹׵һ㡣
Ȼûʢ˵̬ǰԺ͸߰˫̬ȴһѹȵϢ
ƺԼһ㡣
һ˫Ŀ˿ֲ׹һҶ죡

һλǿߣ
Ѿ뵽۷ĲΣͶ֮Īѹ·ҪصԪʼҵı仯
ң
Ҷ˿ĲηĶŶԷٴε˵
˭
𡭡
ĸԴԼҳ
µʨһԾ޴ɫ۾ϵĳҶ첻ƵĿ
ʨ
˸߰˵ĶҶ쵭˵
ϵıأһĻҪֱһʬ
䡭
ϵһ˲ٴεķ˾޴ѹ֣ǰİʨ·ǻһ޴ħһ㣬߰ĸһе顣
ƺǳԶˣ
Ҷ첻ÿɷ˵
ߡ׷ħһҺȻһλţȻŻɱʼǿߵʵɲҪЩ׳Դʵġ
һﲻ򵥣ǴˣΪ壬бԭһλϣΪ˴Ѿǧ꣬˵Ѿˣȴû뵽ɵĴڵڣҪӦҲҪķһЩֶΣǰһλϱʼǿ߶սȴδҲһҲδֹڼȻܹҪСӦ
ŮʵصĴݵҶĶߡ
ͽһΪҺ֮൱Ũ꣬ôͻȻͱQһ֮ˣԭѾǴˣ
Ҷﲻм˵
ŭ⣬ŰĹâһţ˫Ŀ·һ
Сӡ
䡭
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·һȭ֮±ù
͡
񡢸ҶķԸ¿ٵèǼĴһɿıһٵҲԷʲôȻֱӵĻһŹķɿӵԶԶģ
ֱͬǸһ㣬ɼ·һѲ
ʺ
Ҷŭĺ
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תħǾһҶ춼Լѷɫκεһֹ
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ϵĴӵһʼӵһζսʼҶԴޱš
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ӡȭ
죡
ӭӶϣ
Сģ
Ůʵ̲סĽ߳
ҶʵŮȻûмȴ֪ԷǿĺܣǼˣʨΪǿȴĺͶԷӲӲĶԿĻһ˺ռ˵ġ
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
ԭһ԰İʨȻĻ˳ȥ
㵵ɫŮʵϣС΢ţ̬ţ
ʢһʱİʨȻҶԶԷΪӲӲһȭˣ
ɳȥİʨ㵣޷ţ
ô˵ǿ᣿
̫ܵˣҵǻ͸©ˣʹˣ˱ɵ𣡡
ҶЦֹ˵
һŮ̲סһԺÿüëһǾسҶ쿴˹ȥ
ǿҵĲ̲סҶһ£Ȼ֪Լٴεı˸ˡ
ʱȴûʱȥŮʵԹˡ
ΪǰİʨѾŭˣ
һǧǿ߾ȻһԼͷûеСˣǺεȵ裡

˵䣬Ǿ޴ѾµʨĴ˹ȥ
ʨںϣ
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ûеȵҶ췴ӦһѾҶѸٶĳ˹
ĪѹĪ˺ѣϵĲѹ֣
·һضҪһиĴ촷һ㡣

һУҶǰֻһǰȴѾĻ˳ȥֲҶоԼĽǶһ
εȿֲ
֮пֲٵġˡһ˲仯ϵ塣
ǼˣɵҶ컹ǸоԼһļ١
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
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һԲ঵˫Ŀ˸ѪĹâǴ㽫Ҷɱ

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Ҷεļ˵ĸı䣬Ͻס¶ȵɫ
ɱ𣿡
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ܣ
ֲıܣ
ȻڵϣٶȴӵĿֲ
𡭡
޷޵ĺʮķâ˸˾˵и

Ҷͳĺ
ʮָݺݵؽ֯һֻڶݵʱУɫĺȵĻâѾ໥Ľ
飡
ռ޴ûѾصĴ˹ȥ
һͷʨӣҲøţ
ֻɫͻɫľ޴ӭǣ·̫ɽһصѹ
ݡ
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Բǧ׵ĵ˲ѣ˿ֲİزУһĹȻγɡ
·Ƿָɽһ㣬ÿһָ·ԵøǱ໥ںһ𣬷˽޼ϵӵʮֹ
䡭
δ˥ٴεѹȥ
𡭡
ŭһӰȻпٵķɳһԲŰ˫Ŀ˿˿Ѫ
ɣ
ǧ׵ľ벻߶ѡ
գ۵
ϡ
һʵ峤ͻȻĳҶС
˭һ
ȻĮȴһ㣬У׵һµĳͬǹ
͡
ѪУҶ֮ͣһصĳвϵķİ
аħ
͡
ѪȻ
ǰʨȴ¶޷ŵɫ
аħ˫Ҷȴû뵽Ȼ̶ȣ
תѾʧȥʬ壬Ҷı鵭Į쳣
ϡ
ͻأҶоʢеĳлӶһнӵ֮ϸ֡
ӦٶȵǺܿ찡
İĳ֡


772 ս
Ҷüͷ΢΢𣬿һİߣ
õһʨȻһλСУҪ˵ȥĻεȵķ̡
ǰһ˷·һվ
˲Уվߵıǰһϵ̬
˵һķ̬֮ؼΨϢ
λʲ·صػһ㣬̣˫ĿĪ̬дһָһȵĸо
Ǳⱳλ߶Ҫֲ
ʨڱʻδʱѾԺˣΪһѾȴδ뵽˾ȻţϧˣµĻΪʵūֽһԱİ֡
˵Ӽ˵
˵ϱһصĶϵϵףϵĻкεȵĳȡ
֮иӵİĳѹƺһƳصһѹ֡
վȴ·һâ¶ĳУ¡زҳ˺ƵĲ
͡
ĳҶ쿴һ֮ҶļоȻһ˺ѵѹָУ·һĳڳԼ岻ϵиһ㣬ֲ쳣
Էȥ˵̬һ˫Ŀȴ쳣Ҷ켴ýҲ֪ǰ֮˾һλϹＶġ
οĶԷԳƱʣŮѾǺˣԷԵĲܱԷҪᡣ
һλѾﵽĲΣԷϢҶɱİʨżƵĳ̶ȡ
񱩵ļ⣬¶ڿУһĹ··дһʫһ㣬ضȴʱĴſռ䴫а졣
ûκεıУ˫ȴһɫĻףһɫײ֪ǺεȲϴɵġ
ɼĳҺĹâңңĿȥͬһζһ㡣
һۿȥ֪ǷƷ
Է̬ĮȻڿҶ˵ʱȻûһ˿·ڿһȺһ㡣
ҶȻΪĲˬȴûȵĽ
һȺ˵ж쳣Լʨսʱûвǵĳ֡
ΪԼڳ˵񣬿ڶԷ͵Ϯ˲УǵҶĿע⵽˶ԷλߵʱҶȴʼ̲סݺݵ
λʵʼ
ʲôʱʼǿ߶ôֵǮˡ
Ҷ̲סаԿЦ
λߴϸʵ䣬ϵļҪ嵽һ𣬷·ǿƤѻĹȴҶıԸоǿƸصĿֲ
һﲻ򵥣ԼսʤʮҪǿ󼸷֣ʮҪڲ֮䣡
СԶʱڵıأʻῼһ
еﵭ˵
ҶעȴûзڶԷϣǾؿ·꣬˴ʱһֻ׺̰һ㣬ʱĻ׼ԼиʱԼһĽ
õһʣˮһֻʲôʱҲѧͺһٵĹˣ
һֱû˵ŮͻȻĿ˵
˭
Ϊˮʵǿɫһʵ
öһǰϢһֱעҶϵλ̲ס˫ĿһҰ޵Ĺâͷϵչ̰̬ȻԣȴҲ㹻˿
Ůˣϲ˵ˣֻбӵУˮҪŮˣҪ
ƺܵĳִ̼һ㣬˫ĿеĹâӵĿֲ̰Ĺâ˳ŮѩɫǿʼһѲ˸飬֪Լ·ŮʶҪΪԼǳڶԷǰ
СӡҲܸȤħΪԺչһ;Ϊṩ˱Ļϣ
߰ûɫɫ
ħһֱеʥأҶеˣǰȴ·һһ㡣
Ҷ죬Լеʥغˡ
ˮ㻹ʲô̵СӽⱦأѾܲˣٺ١ھͰŮ˸ƷˣھҪ
˵ƺǿʼȲһĳŮ¶˷ܵɫӻһλҪһֻĸʱŷĹâ
Ҷ졭׳գҪˣҪɱ쵰
Ůʵݿʼž죬ʲôʱܵ˵裬˵˵Լ
ˮʡ
Ҷʶĵ˵ͷȴ˼ˮʵϢ
ˮʣһʣʵƥһλѾµϹˣԷԶϱ԰سΪԴ⡣
ʵµĺܡ
֣
ٴεĴߴٵ
͸ղŵʱŻӵʱ䣬һλССūһʹˮʵɫһ䣬ڿ˶Էλ߳Լ¶ɫƵ̬֮ݲһŤȴݺݵؽϵŭѹ漴еԹйҶ췢й˳
Сӣأ㲻
ɭɭЦݣƤЦⲻЦ̬ڹ˳ʱˮȻѾʢŭ˼£ҶʱֻҪ˵һܾĻԻܵԷƥĥ
ҶһȻص겻˽⣬ܹǶˮʶ׵ĵڶԷȻĵλǿ
ϣ
еаħȵĳ֣
ԭ޴аħʱǻûޱȾ޴ֲĵǽͨһ޴ƥ
صԳһѹǧϢŶԷļѹ˹ȥ
Ƿɿĸо
һֻ˾޴°ĵиſռ䣬һֲĺۼʼڵϷͬһһŤ
硪裡
ɳ죡
Ҷ쿪ʼƴˣ
С
ˮȫû뵽Ҷ˵ѹͿֲĸǰȻҷԼ
ֱڳԼصĴһǶӡ
ŭ޵ʱεܹܵס
ʡƣ
ӡ·Ҫһ㣬ӭȥ
Ǿ޴ֱͨ񷣬ָûɡ
ÿһָһ޴һ㣬ֲڴ˿Ƿֲıը
Ҷɫȴδ䣬ŤתȻ˳Ƶȥ
аħ̫аˣնʨ֮ƺʤ֡
ߡ
Ůʵｿ߳һһŤִ߶ƥ·һλŮһ㣬˿ֲ
ϵڿĴһʮ಻һʼںϣ
Ŀ꾹Ȼصꡣ
һССȻ˵ԼͼԼ裿Ǻεȵ裬ȻҪ֣οǴʱȫΪǵõ˶ԷĻһսҲ˵ɢġ
һ
λĺȵ


773 ֮
һĴĿ˼λƺǶڶԷʮ˿ûȥ⡣
Ǿ⾢ں֮Լǰ֮ȴʼˣšһʡ
˫ֺʮУռ侹Ȼγǧ׵Ť
Ť
Ť
ԭҪǰŮͻȻһ䣬漴ٵĽ˹ȥߣһϾȻΧ
ǿֲĽҪ⼸˵˲䣬ϸպõγɡ

ֲıУĲƿʼɣǿռΪķײ¿ռֵŤɵġ
ۡ
ʵӡȻ˳ȥ
ٶȺϾȻŮĸӿֲ
ѹŮʺ˵ô죬ȻǸо˲Ծ

èһצɢ˽һӡһèѾʼŮ¶Թɫ
ʲô
ˮʵɫޱ䣬ֻ֮ϣһȻ·һ㣬޷ݺݵն˳ٴεĳ忪ʼи˹ȥ
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ǺεȷĹ
ңңԶĶˮ̲סĵһ
ɫȴٴαŭ
뵽ղԼȻǱӿˣԼʼǿ߰ԼȻһλǰˣ
õ
Ҷоϲ쳣˵
ȴڿʼڴսٻεȵĿֲ
뵽Щ֮ҶѾӵûѹгڵĻţһ̶Ħ
ԱػߣҪ
оŮҪǰĶҶﵭĮ˵ȥŮʲ˫Ŀٴε˶ˮʡ
ǷĳС֪ҶˮȽĸãСӸһᣬǰѵأһѾʧȥˣ
λƺǶˮʵΪû˿ĸоֻһһγɵػλӡ
ĬĬصףδ˿쳣ı䡣
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˶ԷĻŮʵɫ̲סһ䣬Ľе


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һ仰ʣµһɫٴε¶ڴͻɵɫ
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ͻأľڴʱһӰĳҶ˹Էֵ˲Ҷɫȴʼ


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͡
ѪĴӶʵϼ˳
˲仯һѪģ֮

Ȼû͸ĲҽǴʱȴûκεһ˵ǰ
ߵ˫Ŀ棬·ʵʣͬ񽣣

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777 ʥ
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ǰԲˬ֮ΧݺݵתһȦ֮ҶȴԼûзκεɭȻİ׹ǣǰ׹ǡ
һĺɫɫɫһ𣬱Щ׹²ϣΧ·ȾΪһƬ޸ĳء
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װŪ
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һֱĸоһֱҶвϵӿ֣
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аԵ˵һƱ䵽˼µĸоƲϣɽΧɭȻİ׹ǣҶǸоһĪѹڴ̼Լ񾭡
ؽüͷ𣬶ҶĸоȻŵĺܣϾҶ첻ܺԼ
ΪؼҶʵڶû͸
С˺ܶꡣ
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ˣȻʲôûǾͲҪ˵Ľ䱸ˡ
ͬţҫӵĲܶҶʲôøУǿŮҶ¶֮ɫʱеĶʻʢĺܡ
Ҷ졭
аԵٴκݺݵһѡ
λ߰ɣŪһԼȴδ뵽ʲôûг֡
˼˵ѣ
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ѵõһοԴĻᣬҫȻѡ
죡
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Ǹ̬߰·㹻ľ˵ԸȻٵ¶˲ı飬ȴ֧
СʲôûУ˷Ѹʲôʱ䰡
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Ҫȥǵϸĳֿµа֮һҲΣյġ
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ԷĻ˵ȷʵǲ
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лǰָ㣡
м˵
ղ㶼ǰˣΣȴȻǹͬġ


798 
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²ϣؾâǲ˰ռ䣡
һ޴ӵ֮˵ǰ
һ·Ǿһ壬Եʯ̶ɵĿܣߴףǰ߼ѣȴ㹻ĸоһϢӭһЩʵԵ΢嶼̲סѹ¿ʼѡ
һصϵĴ̼ҶüģǸλ÷֮ڵĵط
ģһƽľһеۡ
вϵΧĹâ˸ѣΧĿռ伸ҪγһֲֿŤ
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ҶаԵļд˺ܶ˵ļ䣬ıħĴУ⴫У˽⵽˺ܶϹźԶŵ֣ܺڴ֮ļȴֻδᣬȻԷҲ˽⡣
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ĴʱҫŤԼĽ·ҪԼȫĺͶԷںһ

ߵĲ
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Ůʹ̬Ҷŭ
ô尡Ҷ죬֪𣿱ڵȴʱȵжôడΪ˲ȥΪĿǰ飬Ǻķ˲ٵģҪúõػţŮεֺҰɡ
Ҷ졭㾹ȻûңȻѾȴˡ
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졭ΪʲôΪʲôӣûˣȫûˣȴΪҫŮˣҺ㣡
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Ҷ죬Ҫ׷ˣ֪ҵõʲô֪˯ʱУʲô̶ҿǵõؾȫУ½ұǸ߸ϵǿߣأֻһ΢ķֻܹŪŮˣٺ١Ů˿Ǻζİ
ԼŮʹı飬ŶԷǵɫҶѪʼ
һΣ


һΣ
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εĳҶ嶼·ҪˣǰһȴƺԽԽģֻǵЦЦ
ΪʲôΪʲôӣ
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ͻأľҶ켸Ҫ˲䣬һϤĵײ
졭ҵ㣡


799 ɱ䣡
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ҶȻȴƥϢڲʣеɨ
ᣬһ塭
һδεĴ֮УתϣҶǺ־ʼɱ

֪ʱҶŻĳһƽȴӫӫ֮⣬·Ǵ󳹴Ĵһ㣬Ĺϲϵ˸
һˣ
оԼƿٴεıԼƶһ󲽣Ҷ¶һĨЦ
ϵ־ٴδһΣҶԺԼεȵĻþȴҲ㹻Ӧˡ
ˡ
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ΧоϤҶŷ֣Լǲ֪ȻҲڻþнеġ
ݡ
ۻӶУҶ廯һٵĴ
ǾҶ뿪ãһĨصȴ˳
һƻþ֮ˡһ־ƺǺ൱ĲµСӰ
ĵʧӰٵС


800 ֮ˣ
ǰһҶһĨԵ̬
滨ݣɽʯϼ˸︴ա
ٲȻһɾ
ﵽһ޲Ϊʯ̶ɣӫ˸ǵԼֵ˵ĻЩʯȻ֮
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͡
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Сĵ㣬Ҹоһο²˵ļ򵥣
һλǿߵɫҲʱһ䣬ؾͷȻԵİȫһЩȴҲ˵˳
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ռ֮УĲӰıŷѷĹУضʼһʼѹֲϡ
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˵Ľ֮УʺʵɫסĿʼ쳣


802 пỮ
ʲô˼
ʵ̵ķڣѡ
ʲô˼
΢΢ıתȴһɿµΣϢ
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һץסҪŭʣĺȵ
ϲļһһС˵Ķɸ꣬ʣʣԽƤԽ񰡡
󲨶֮УһӰٴεĸ֡
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һλӥĿӻĴ̬߳ƽأǿΪٴεҶһ˵ɫ΢䡣
ԭǵ쳣ҫΪԼıһεҶˣȴû뵽һλλϹﾹȻ
ƴʱѾȻ޴档
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⵹ԹҶ˵ŭЩ˷Ǵ㽫ǵڻҡ
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ʣµռ߳ɣһʣˣҵĵҪӵаɣҺҪռɰ룡ʣµĳɣǸռΣ


803 
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һٶȾԵĺõĿ£Ǻǰһ޴󹬵ȽϣֱǲŨ˼µĸо˷ָ
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ʵĴҶĶߣ˫Ŀ֮УɱҶ쿴ʵıӰĬĬ˼


804 ʯ飡
֮ѾΪʷ˵Ǹո̤ĵͼޣҪĶԪ
Ԫصÿһε֮УԼĽǣԼԼľԼͨص޵ĸ߲㡣
һеĴʹҪԪΪͻʧȥԪһжᵴȻ޴棬񼶵ǿߣûʹҲû֮أҲǿѡ
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ǰɫĹ֮Уأ·ٻǧһԪޱߵϼ⣬׵λʼǿ߿ʼ÷
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811 Ѩ
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ľӨͬөķ貵Ĺ⻪ЩâȻһֻֻʯ䡣
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812 ʳ
Ҷһ·ռʯʬԽԽ࣬Ҳþգһ·Ѿǰʮĳ̶ˣҶΪĺ棬һж೤
Ҷ컹ںʱһҶı֮У̲סĳ˳ӣʱ⡣
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Ǿ޴׵ĳ̶ȣһʩչȻ˿ûϢصǿĿֶΣҶӵľԷʵ

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һһ٣漴ĸҵ׷Ȼʯ䷢ԼʼʹõķʳؾȻ˸ˡ

ҶͰվʮ֮ϵĸ߿У˸ʯâȭͷСԲķΧĻ
Ƿ·һȺ蹷һʯȺҶ̲ס಻ѣ
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һ鿴Ҷ϶ʱһϲͶ֮ԴԴϵʼ˳Ķڲϵת
ԭĲȽϣڵĸоӵĳӯ·һԽ˺һ
ʳصЧȻĳܴӦǼȡ˲ٵķʳؾʼոյĽףȴû뵽㾹ȻһԾƷĲΰ
Ҷĵ˵ͷ
ֻҪǼĴյʱ㹻ĽЩԼڵľ硭
Ž޹ʯ䣬ۻ˵
ȥˣȵȶٽȥ
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814 ׼
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Ҷ·һ޴̫һÿһεƶϵĵ˸Ԫ߲תҲӵں֣γһ޼Ĺϵ
ɽ֮УҶٶԽԽ죬ֻһߵĻû׵Ľ֮УƬĺۼ͵ɣĹУѨз·һֻ̫зıһ㡣
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Ҷ΢΢ĻӶϵĻӰ𽥵ڿɢȻղŵٶ̫ѸͣȻԼΧγһȦģĻӰ
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815 Զͫ
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ʱһѹղŸӵĿֲΧ㹻ķҶĳ۱óҺ顣

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ɽӡһЩʿǵʵȻҶ޷Ǵ͵ľȴ㹻ĸоĲΣ˿ûи˫Ŀѹ֡
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߲趯֮Уسɴ磬˲ǰ棬һгǧ׵Ĵγǰ
ֲĹγ˿µıƣֱתŴֲǻ
֮Уһ߾ڲϷ
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Щʿһû˿ȷе˵˶㲻ϣǵϣĽڲ©еѾƬе۶Ť
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һΣҶȻ̾Լĳ֣ǳѸͣȵĴ˱ɽӡӦ൱鷳
ȻⱧɽӡĿֲҲǹûġ
˸ҶɵĿ˽µһӣǰȥ֪ʱһ㶯ĲѾʧ
üͷ΢΢УҶ컺һ漴ļǰΣѾΨһĳ·ȥץסĻᣬҪѧϰۣĵȺﾭˡ
Сһ·ˣȻȥߣʵϾǹľǲ
˵ҶԴ𣬱ڰɫ֮Ѹٵչֳ
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չ֮УҶٶȻ
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ɫħӿͻȻķ·һҳǰһҵŤ
ɫħƾڸס˰񷣬ռһΪ
Ҷɫ΢䣬һ仯ĺٹ죬Ǿոջعһ˲䣬һĥ̴С·̰ɫӰӷ˼ٵԴϿʼȥ
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Ϊɫ̰ӰڳԴϿʼȥ
һʵʵĻУҶԻᱻ˸Ǳ⽬ġ
ȡ
ҶѾоеȻǲҴ⣬ŭһ˫ſ·ھɽ
ֲռзž죬ͬռ˫ۻ迪ʼٵ˴ľһ㡣
죡
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ƥѾҶԽתİħǾİΪ˴ħʱڹע֮µĻԼĿֲܡ
·̹ſһ̬һֱۻ裬˿ľ޸͵ĺصɫ̰Ӱײ˹ȥ
飡
ȭӰ
ݺݵײһ
䡭
ضɽҡ
һεײ·صĽϣƥǸŴػ׵ĸ߶ȣȴҲ˾˵±˺һ˵Ѻۡ
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һơ֣
ۼȭͷҪͶԷĽӴˣҶʱŭһ֮Ƶһչ˳
ǿӿһڹ˸ɫĹ⻪ҫĿռ䶼ø財

һεײĵһ𣬷˿¶ƵȴӰݺݵط
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ڣȫչֳ֮ӰȻݺݵشɳ׵ľ롣
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֮΢΢תҶҲڷĻָ
ΧҶ˫Ŀ΢΢˵
׷ħȻʵǷʵȻʼĲˡҵϢ󣬱ؾеõĺôѾˡ
һ˼ʺͲϢڿռд
ˡ
һӰ˵ΧƲϣ·ǻع鵽˸ĸߵĺһ㣬ӰǸղźҶԿһ
֪ʱֵҶ˫Ŀ䣬ԷȻ޷֪ݣܹ͵ϮԼͼԼɱҲҪ֪ԷʲôˣΪԷֻһˣ
ԭ뵽ʼղŵֶΣԵĲһ㣬׷ħƺ̫˵㡣
˵ӵ߱ɵǣĳֹϢʱȥʼ𽥵ɢ䵭¶һа
Ҷһ漴¶ɻɫԷģҶоһЩϤζ
һͷɫĳ޳ӭƮԿģдһаϢȴΪԷƵӰҶ쵹ĺܻɣղųֵ˾ȻǶԷ
üе֮ȴԷʵݵԺС
ʼ

ǿ
ۼȴʼǿ߸߳ʮһﵽʲôˣ
ضŶԷҶаԵ˼
һȺܴ㣬ֻû뵽ĹȻ˵ڿֲѹǾƻˣСӣҶԽԽȤˡ
ĿŶԷҶͳЦ
ǸҶ㲻Ȥ


820 аħ
ǱˣҲһܹһ棬Ƕ㣬ȴǷɱɣΪһţҲ½ʷǿһţû뵽ȴҪزҵСⰡ
ӵ¶ɫǱ˵ӽ˲ݻΪһλ޵ķӣ·ƷԿһ
Ҷ쾲ؿŶԷޱϲǽ䱸֮ȴղŸӿֲǰ֮˿ѾΪ뻯С
ɣ
ƻӶ˫ʮָ˲ӡһ㣬仯ĪַУƵӰѸٲһΪģ漴Ӱ
֮ϬĹâиԵøڡ
һӰ֮У緭ɫһӿѣ֮кɫ漴ɢ·Ǳһε͵ƿ
ɵӰԽԽŨΧĿռȾΪһƬɫ·ֲŤϡ
ŤӰ໥ĽһƬƬĿռ䡣
İپʮӰâ˺Ѷ񱩵ӰȻۼһһľˣ˵ĲҶƥȥ
ѩƮ˫Ŀ΢УȻڴˣ·ڶԷĳû˿죬ͼʧˡ
ȻֻһСӵʼʵȴҲƿһǿ绹ǽһѧҰɣ
ӵϵ̰͵εȵŨ
һצ
ڶԷΪҶԼĿֲ¿ʼ֮ҶȴȻŭ߳
ûзӵʽûлײӵָֻӶ
ɶ칤ĻӶУָָȴ·צһ㣬һצ֮ͱŷ
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ֲı˺ѰĲɴ˴ҶƷ·Ǵſռ֮ľһڶԷǾ㵵ػȥ
Ӱ·ǶߵķݣͬͷӬһɢȥ

һӵǰ洫Ҷ죬񣬵һɺȴˡ
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뵽˸ղԼȻһл˶ԷҶ
ۿԷĵϵŸӵңڶԷ뵽ԼķΧ֮УľĦԼĳۣҶȴܣٴεһצץȥ
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һĨ֮УҽȻ쳹
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ΣҶҽص̤˶Էǰ
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µ֮£޷ʹӵٴεһ鴤ǿеѪȴ޷ҽг
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ĲӰ޲ʼ
ꡪɣ
˫Ŀɺһµ֮ڵÿʼչ
Ҫ׷ħԸ⳼㡭
Ť·ѾԽоǰϵ꾹ȻлɱԼʵӵ̲סķİ

ŶԷҵ̬Ҷһ˫ĿеѪȴӵķ
Ҹӵҳϣ
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һҶĻ£˲ıҶ˳
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аħˣû뵽㾹Ȼаʤʦ𡭡ѹҪɱң
Ҷ˵
ԷĳνаħˣһλС֮Ǵ˾ԵĻܵԷı
ڵ¿ҲʼǿеǰˣϵĻ߶Ҫƾãǿ£
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ԷһֱԼĶߣΪһλ֮õĹϻߣʵıһ˿󵽵ġ
аʤµһλӣһֱߣҶ֮˵ľˣʵǹϵǿߣȴҲûܸоԷټ
ǶһҶȴҲΪĲݣԷΪ˻ԼҪıؾȻԼĵΪ·ȷ棬ڱɡ
ȻɫĹУҶûзǹеâס䴫ݵ˺Уڵһ
ԭ׬˵ΪҶ첻һȴû뵽ԼȻˡ
Ÿ߿еĹҶ¶һ˿ڴ⽫ΨһϣҶʱѾǷ
Լˡ
üģҶѸٵӹӰŹȥ


821 
ɣĺڰ·ǴĳֵӵľԽϣе仯Խǿ󣬵ҶĿ˷УһжĽ
ԽԽǿ󣬳ԣĳͷ
Ҷͬһֻ֪ƣĴ񣬲ϵĻӶԼÿһεĻӶУΧҲ֮ʼչ
ֻ͡ǰ벽ѡ
֪ƣµҶ죬Ѿȫȴʱ䣬֪Լ׷˶ãǾҪʧȥԵʱȴϵӿԼ˵ӣÿһ˶ڿĵȴԼĻع顣
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Ҷĺ
ֲĲǿʵںܶʱȥӵеĪ־
־֮㹻ĿٵأԶߣϵ־Է֮壬Լ˫֣һɽ
Ǿ־֡
ʱҶѰϵ־
ƣ룬ϵĸʹǾзɺԵδҡҶľġ

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ٴεһ֮УҶһٴεĶѡ
ͬķӦһ㣬Ҷ忪ʼĲ
־ԻԴȪƾεǿƾ˭ĹҲ㵽Ǵ˺εȵܣǷҪң֮־޿ɶҡ
ƻӶָ֮Уڤ䷢һֲɫâеĹ˲䱻һ˿ߴС
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·ܵǣһ㣬ϷڣΧҲ漴ʼƺǱǰһ˸ŭˡ
ղſƥΧסҶ塣
һжҶ˵ƺû˿ЧϲҰףҧƽסһ
Ѫˮ裬εȵĲҡ
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һԾڣҶݺݵس

ڴϢеҶѾһУûȥ鿴ֻǲϵſڵϴϢѡ
ҶǸоԼղһŬ׷ͬǿ丸׷һʹࡣ
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ϼӿʥƥ
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һĳҶǰϢиľϲ
ͬʱǿҲһεĸ̾ѣ˹Ӷа֮ǰ׳Ҳ²ĵˡ

ϸϸĴϢ˼֮󣬾֮еĸɺѾƽ˲١
ϣܹѰҵҪģѰҵ߳ȥ;
ٴεǰȥһߴΡĴ
Χ滨ݣңңĿᵽдĹӶĳڡ
ǰȥУһɲȻ
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ǹӵĽȥܼ򵥣ȴһϣͬһλľһԵ쳣վ
ϵ־УҶҪеĿѹŲǰ˲߽һ
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ı֮ôȾʮɫ
ռ䱦İãһ仰ԭҶ컹ɣˣŷһ䱦
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Ҷ컹ûбǰһг壬֮ѸٵӿУ󲿷ֵ䱦ʼĳԼԺС
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һֻöɫľʯ滺ߡ
ۼӷҶ޷żơ
ȴһȻɵı֮ҶѾ׵ĿʼԻˣεĽӴһöʯ֮ȴɵĸоһֿµĺ˳ԼֱѸٵĿʼ
оԼʧȥ˿Ƶĸо֮Ҷ΢΢ɣѸٵĽһɺȥ
ֻһѣҶȴԼľһĳֿʼþһ˿
˵Ҷǿ϶Ǹ֮ʹãٶȿ»ﵽһ˵ĵز
ҶѾ϶ˣһöɫľʯԼѰҵı֮
СĽöʯУָ΢Ű˲ͼٵӿһ˿ꡣ
оһ˿ϤĲҶ˫Ŀ̲סĿ
ҶΨһϹֻϵˡ
ָ΢УһƷѾҶͶУԭ԰ڽ뵽˱֮ԺѸٵĵõ˲һ㣬ɢضĲ
澲ĳ˯ɣĳޣҺܿ㱨ġ
Ҷ˫Ŀһǿҵɺ֮Ŀֲ
۾ҶޱչԼ
ҩ滨ݡ󱦵䣬²Ѿ˾ľʯҲ޲Ҷڤߡ
һЩѾװСҶٴηŵö׹档
ʵ̫ˣҶֲȴҲΪ֮ϡ
䱦ȷʵǲ٣ȴûһʹ˵еϣ˵֮˵ǿȫΪһ䱦䱦ȴûӰӡ
ʱ򣬵֮һĲݵҶϣһϤĲ·ʲôԼһ㡣
һС
Ҷɫ΢䣬ĳһ֮󣬱㲻ȥѹԼĸоȫĿʼͷš
һɺ嫵Ϣʱ޷ƵĴһλд˹


822 ľ
ĺ֮أڹѾ໥˺Զľ롣
Ҷ֮ȴ̲סһ˵װķ·һ԰һ㣬ȻݵĺͼֵǺܸߣҶȴǿóЩЩƷпɣȴûļֵ
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ΧһЩӵʯͷֻһĻĻԣʲôصĵط
建ǰУ֮Ĵ߶д⣬ϾؾķΧС
Ҷ˰ȴ˿ûз֡
ѵ˵Ҵ˲ɣ
üͷ΢΢Ҷ˵ԺиǷķ˼ţڵҲΧס˵һСͼӶԷҵʲô
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εհ£Ҷ̲סһĿЦ
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֮ѾǸܵľ磬һһ޲ԳɾΪɱ˵һһľ޲ΪԼʹá
Ҷ˿ʼ΢΢ĬĬšתľҪ
һľϵıһصֲпʼȡżȡٶӣֲɢĶظѾǿʼ޷ĹӦˣˮľ֮ϵܡ
Ҷ֮ԵĿʼһƽ״̬ƽ״̬ûб֮ǰҶʵ㲻ͣЪ
һɹɾƺǴӾ֮ϴɶ
һֲﲻʱĿʼҶмȡһֵȻԳʮٱĳ̶ȿʼ
Ҷǽһ̹ǽһҸĽе
ʹɰɡ
һ㣬԰ʮķֺ˭ѡĸԸıɵġ
ԴԴϵľ֮ʼע֮УҶҲһ㵭ɫâ
ΪʯһĲʼ
ߺߡСȻѰҵ˱ʥıʵĲȻľǡˡ
һͻأȻĴÿȥҲ죬˲ɢ֮УȴҶ췴Ӧ̲סĴ
ǰε߳ȥ


823 ɫ࣬ɫ
ҶȻĺܣ֮ǰѾΣȻҶڻ޷ȷһδεʥǿԾӲҳıԼģǺȻģԷӦñˡ
Ҷ˵ܹ߳Ϊؼ顣
ƾҶεȥԷȴ˿ûд·ʧһ㡣
Ҷε̾Ϣһ漴ĿǰһֲԴʧ
ƾŶԷԴԴϵԪǿֲٶȣԼҪɾǿۼǸӿֲΪҲǲܵģеĹطӦȴһֱڴʹԼ̵뿪
пʼԽż
硭ף㡭ҵİ֮ˣҵѡһȥġ
뵽ҶٴĪĶ־һƺҪеķƳ׵ųһ
תת֮УҶ²û˿𣬶Էÿһ޲ҶǿеȡһδεĵõΪľĲУҶڽһոµĴ
ľ֮
һ˼µ½֮УٵĻȥʹǿǡǡ෴ǿ̶Ⱦǳġ
ľ֮źˮ֮һ޶޸Чȷе˵ľ֮Լϼ
޵սһӵнΣһ̫أصԼűķչҲޣΪԵʣ޵б޳˳ȥ
ҶЧս֮УǿĿ£ҼˣȴҲԼٵĻظ۷ʱڡ
ľ֮ЧӵĿֲ֮ľ֮֮ٳΪеĹ֮⣬ԭֹһҪ޺ܳ²Ż
ԭһȻҲʹʹ㹦֮˵ȱҶȴһΪľİľ֮νԴԴϵ̲Լ塣
֮УҶǿеסԼһ˿ǣʼ뵽֮С
ɳ裬ƬƬҶʼ˳΢ҶϿʼƮɢΧ
һһľ޲Ҷƿ֮Уľ·γһڽһڹϵȴ㹻ն񷣬㹻Ĵƴص񽣡
ҵ־γɵ񽣣㹻ƿһУۼǿߵͻƽߣ
Ժ磬ȴ粻ɵĳС
һڹӵ񽣷ռпʼ֮һеһееľʼںϺǽЩһε뵽ԼС
죬˺ǹصû˿Ĳ·һƬƣƮƮģȴ˫еǳٵ˸
ɢҫ۵ĹһҶľϵ־γɵ档
䣬ӵķ貵㹻ʤյĹԣ
Ҷڶ̶̵ļʱ䣬ȴʤ˳ʮ궼ûдﵽĳ̶ȡ
ЩνҲ޷ȫֵġ
ЩΪĵ֮ȴҶʧȥѰ޵;Щǧ꣬ʮϹǣǾıҶ̫ˡ
˴ʱҶȱٵĲĶٶһֶ򣬶Լϵ
ޣҪսֻսŻٵĳɳ
ۣΪ޵У
£޵֣ۣ
ȭٱ飬֣еĵ
ڵҶҲ𽥵ĽԼ;ɵǿߵļǿ޵Ĵпʼһεںϡ
һ־񽣣·ƿգ̫ʱڣبŲԶʱڣ˰ٻŵϹʱڡ
γʵʣһӰʼ裬ǵľǵһУǵ飬оеһƺǶһ񽣵Ĵ¿ʼҶԼΪһĿʼһ顣
һٴεĻعǾھҶǧ׵λ¿ʼֹͣǰ
һǧ׵ľ룬ҶԼ·Լ
Լ·ԼߣԼĵԼ
κεǿȥģ£κεһ似ȥԼ·ȴΪߵġ
־似λȨơ
ҶﲻϵظЩüе֮ڲϵĴ߶һ־޴̿ʼγ¹ðͷΧ
ڹʥɢʥϢ·һλبŵķҶԴĬĬо
Ű˲ͼ貵Ĺ⻪һκεһֹâ޷Ĺ⻪
գϵ
־;ݻٴεǰһΡ
ҶԹ۵ĿԼľһδεı裬ûУ׵̾ϢĿ
ԼɳˣɳΪǿߣҶҴʢ˸ǣԼ˭ԼΪ
ʥ
׷ħһħ̼նɱĸ֡
ߣ
ǿʣ˫ֻ˺Ѵ󺣡
Щ޵У
üͷٴε񽣴ʱҶѾף
ֻҪٴεֻҪԼߣһжȫĶ
͡
һľͻȻɢ˴ɫĹ⻪·Ϊɫ
֮У˸ڰĲŷ
ùŹֲֵƺٴθо˶ԷĴڣȻĿʼ
ڰâǿʼݱ䵽ĳּײĳ̶ȣľķҶǰ
͡ҶֻоԼǰһһ̣ľȻѾ˽ȥ
䡭
ֲĲײݻΪһµĴս·λ겻ĳһ໥˴
ҶԹ۵ĿԼ屻һ˺ѣѪɣȴû˿ķӦ·ǱƻĲԼ壬һ˵ʬ塣
ɫĸ࣬Ǻڰֲ
ɫ·޵֮ľ
һһ࣬·ǸĶԿ
߸࣬ʱҶѾƻһ࣬һĸдȳ֮һȴ·بŵʥ񣬷
񽣾Ҷǰߣǳ˸񽣣Ҷȴ㹻
ѾǰΪβ
־ѾٴεںϣѾΪĻʯǿ߼ݻеľΪʲôΪʲôǲ
Ҷзĺ
ݺᣬȴǴһ˿ʡ
ΪҶ־Ȼˣ
ۣ
޵У
̶̵ĸȴҶԺвϵƣ
Ҷȥεķйε˼εȥ޷еС
븴Ҷһδεš
һǿҵʹͻȻĴ·׵紫ҶԴС
һȻĴ˳
ǰ߽
·źǰõͬҶǰ˫ĺһ΢ĲУһĽ
͡
ü֮Уһǻ۵ǹУ壡
䡭
ƥϢʱӵǿա


824 پ
ǿᣡ
ʲôǿᣡ
ǿᣡ
һȾ·ΪϾ壬˿˿ĹԺʥࡣ
˫Ŀ֮УһɺǲһӨӨĹâΪһ㡣
˸Ĺâף಻ϣµߣŤڡ
ڿУռ䶼˲һµŤ
˺ѺŤ˺ܳʱҶĹâпʼʧ
ҶĿԼ塣
͸𽥵Ļָƽ˵ķɫ
ԭĸѾȫʧȴҲû˸ղһ̴֮
ù϶ʥֲڰֲȻ֪еָ֣̬ȴҶڴԤУԷȻûбǵȵѵһ̣ضҪΪ֮
ľһʥʣΪԳɾΪϵʥߣȻӵĲС
ҶһνȴҲĶࡣ
ʱоԼԴԴϵڷתҶиоԼ㹻ĴһƬز񷡣
ۼ
޵У
Ҷ˫Ŀ䵽˼£ھۼɱУҶ첻ֹһεȥԼõȫħĴУԼɵĸǿߵ꣬ٵԼľ
ĽޣԭҲֻеۼĲ֮Ҷĳɳ̥ǡ
һҶܹôĽףȥԼͿޣԼ֮İҲܽǰ׹ħʡˡ
ԷڸǧԪԭֻȥһѣڽ֮УȴٴεĽȫԪΪԼĲƷ
ûؼ䣬Ҳûǿıŷӵûĳͻ·ǷƵĽס

ƽдƥǿȴ豹桭
ۼƷ۷壬ֻҪٹһʱ㹻ҽ׵ƷĲˣ
Ҷ˵˫ĿɱȻüеʹûȴ
һδεУҶбɱ¾ѾȻĳ֡
ڽۼ֮󣬱ǶһȫµƿأֻΪ̬᲻ϵĳֳ
ҶĽȴԱһҪ٣˴ǿǵ꣬ٴεǵľҶڵѾѷɫЩϹʱڵǿߡ
ڼǶԿҶҲаտԽԷɱԷһλ𼶵ǿߡ

ΪĴڣ
ڵҶѾԼŰ˲ͼõٴεӵ׵ķΧ
ΧУҶԼʤԷ
оǰλдĵ֮ϵĴ߶ϵڲϵߣҶ̲סĿЦһ
ѾֲҵˣǺǡоôǽҵ嵱˻԰ء
˵Ҷ徹ȻʧԶȵٴθ֮ΧĻѾǴ䡣
һ޴Ĺ㳡㳡Χ޵̣֮е·Ҫճ
һΪĴΪף޷ֲĴ޵Χм䣬һ޴Ϥ֮С
֮
ԭҶʵѲ⴫֮ڵλãڴﵽۼĲ֮ʵν˰ʮ
ǿʵǰ֮ҲͻȻʮ׵Ĳ
ϤĴ֮ҶҲʼøľϲѡ
ڿ߳ˡ
˵Ҷǰ߶ĿһܵĻسһ
Įɳ֮С
һ˹ĳ
һ˲ʮλѣ޲Ǳ;ϲɫ
Ϊ֮ϵЦݺǹ죬һʥϢ·بŵһ㣬Ǻܿɫȴüȵѿ
ǸоԼУһǿҵʹ֮󣬸Ǳ쳣
˲Ǳʡ
ؽ֮𡢾ˮа˾Ȼ
ӥʡʡԼħȫͦ˹ӶԷɫ൱ƣ룬ǵЦݺ޷ڸǵĵ⣬޲˵һεջܴ
ԭĸڿЩ֮еļе¶˱˺޷ŵɫ
ֵ˵кܶಢڴġ
͸ɫ˲أǾȻûпҶĳ֡
ͺè߸ľ㵣ǿ˭ֻܳҶԿ߳
ħأ
ɫƵĶŲؽһ˵
ԭһЦĲؽ֮ԣʱɫһ䣬ɿĳΧȥĺ
СӾȻû֣
ܣ
˵
ȫĲܣħʵǶʵǿҪǿĶ࣬ȻǶˣûɲ֣ҲܿͿ߳ˡ
ոյ£ͻȻһ
ֻǿռ֮Уһضֲ˺ٴεĴ
һӰĴⲽ߳
ģת޷ڸסϵļ֮ɫȻŮʷ顣
̬ջҲǲ١
漴ٴγ˼Ӱлмλǿߡ
Щ˼ǾڸǣȴҲ޷ڸסԼñʵȻһδؾ߳ǿǣÿһλ϶ٵĵõ˼ֵƵı
Щ˵ĳֲȺСǺܶ¶˷ܺͼɫ
Ҷأ
Ůתж԰͸ʵ
è̲סԴ
ɫ쳣
ħû߳
Ůʵ΢䣺
ܵģһûôߵô
͸໥һۣ
˵˼ǣħ𣿡
Ůʵת¶һĨЦ⣺
ȻδһõıǲŶ
ǺĻŮԵĲ˵˵ıͲ
顭
ѪɽУһֱֻȻķɵ˰ըѡ

Ĳҽŭʱ˳ȥ
ӥʵɫ쳣֮ϣһֱֻ쵽ǰλѾ׵ĳΪ˿޵һƬ
ѪģУĿɭȻǡ
˿ˣſֲʵӥɻڼš
ʡ㾹Ȼҳˡ
ǰĬĬʣϲ¶˷ŭɫ
ղűѾ˵ˣһҪıƺǺ㹵ͨѣֻöˡ
ڽõǼұһ
ȻʶϵҲܸȤЩѾ˾Ķ⾧ʯ˭Ҳӵġ
ʵЦ⻺˵
˻ǱΪǵΪʾҪѹ𣿡
ӥʵŭЦ
˭Ҳûз֣һòڴӿռ˸


825 ǿƵĳ
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ʵĻƺԴһ˿ȴҲֻһһĮ˫Ŀ˸ĳĹâȴҲҲûзԡ
ǻ޳ܰ
ĵ˵漴ɱ¾飬ˣȴҲó֣ϾӥʲϤ
ɱ
ǿΧڵӥʻˣȻĲԸǶ
ȵĳ֡
һֻӥȻγǵص̬ʼһĻ谵ʱγŰķâ
һǵصѹķ
ӥԳɣ
ӥʱһλˣԼݣԱ˸ݡ
ʧȥһֱֻۣ׶쳣
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һץ֮εȵĿ£㹻ɽʯƿ캣
˰Ŀֲʱڿɳ趯ɳĮ֮е𲻶ϡ
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ӥʵٶȸӵѸ٣һֻֿ֮γɣֻֿ̬Զصİ
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ʵĺȵ
屳һȻǧëÿһöëһʵĽһööĽγһϳΪϢֲ쳣
ؾ֮УеǿʵѾĴ룬һȻҲɱС
䡭
֣߽֮ںϣȴٴεĺָӥצ
顭
ħԸ⽫ԼϻȡñȫĽǣѵǲҪõ𣿡
ʺʵֶʱоһµѹҡҡ׹γĹѡ
Ƕϱ۵λУһɹɵѪγѪһ̬
ʱӥȻѡҰ֡
˰ɡѾ൱ˣǵ飬ȥʡ
ħһİĪӣ˫ĿͲĽΧ̬ӥѪ
ɣ
ʵĲ֮Ȼĳ˲佫ԷΧǲӥʱһ֮Ѹٵ
顭
֮صĴ˶ԷϣʵĽĳ֣ѸٰΧǲȱ壬żƷ˺֮ڿתӥʵ屻ֱӵķָΪƬ
ƺǴһĨ޷ŵɫʣɵԴ棬ͽҪʲô
㡭ǡ
꣡
һص̤˶ԷԴϣԽУޱĿŶԷѾȫγ塣
һ㾧ӨĹâʼֳȻһö߼Ĵ

ָ΢Уһ󲻿ɶƵľʱԶʼ
ߡʼȻͲġ
Ųӥʵʬ壬ʲм˵
ǺܿϱһľϲǴֿɼĴļ
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һֻһֲ˼ĽǶͻȻĳǰ棬漴΢Уһץ˹ȥ
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УһλŰɫ۵Ӱֵڿи֣ܿ
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ˮȴƺһûС
ʹħߵɫøࡣ
һɫ۵Ӱѩ׳Ʈ壬ĮӦ츮˭
ȴڸղ˿²Ҷĳ֣ΪͻȻǿ»֪Ѿһˡ
׷ħ
Ҷĳ֣ʵ̲סĳ鴤˼£еâøŨ
ʣþδˣû뵽㾹Ȼûء
ҶЦǺǵ˵
㶼ûܹȥһûɱ㣬һΣһҪɱ㣡
ʵ쳣˵
СӡɳǿߣҪǲǴҪɱ
ҪҪСӣҪˣǵҳֵĻһħҲġ
޷һӦˡ
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Բѣʿ㻹˵ĺã
ʵĳҶߣ绢צצָ⣬ɭȻһצ֮㹻Ҷ屻˺ѡ
ҶƺûзӦһ㣬˿ûеֿ˼
顭
צݺݵץסҶļٶ֮죬ʹħʵ˶޷ֹ
ϣ
·رнӴһ𷢳ĳһ㡣
ԭԤϵѪɽĳûг֡
ʵɫޱ䣬ŤռһɢƺҶļ֮䣬һԵĿռ仡γ
·һѹһ㡣
ƾʵεǿ󣬵ȴ˿޷ٴǰƶһ硣
Ҫɣ
ҶЦ
һʷ·׻Ĳһ£ĿռһķڣʵҲٴεĻצҶݺݵץȥʵǿʼź浹˳ȥ
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䡭
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һȭ·׷Ǹ£ٶ⣬Ѹ͵ĺݡ
ʵ쳣ĺɱʵϡ
顭
̵˼޵Ȼ·һС̫ıһӶԷ͸
ɫİ׹ǶȫպڣļѾһƬѪģ

һ޷ŵص˵ϣ˫ĿеĶ޷˲ɢ
һȭɱ˲öԷһʬ塣

èƨƨߵȥһȥ

ͻأĲҽһڵ³̲סĽ
̫ѳˣĻ쵰˶ү
ǴʱĿȴֻкèڴĲҽУһ𾪵ĿޱҶ졣
޷ŵɫ·ǵһεʶһ㡣
һȭһλǿߡ
ħŵϴ
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Ҷ˭ֻһλС
࡭
ûŮȵĵһ
ԹӴ
Ƕ²ѵ˵
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Ҷü֮У˸Ĺԣϵı·һ΢飬ǵȻ̬кεȵĿֲ
ɫأؿ˵
û뵽㾹Ȼҵ
ۣ
˶ʱһڿʵҲһĨ䱸;衣
ԭҲ֣ʵƺǱӥǿ̫ˣһлɱ˶Է˿ĲԭʿģֵϢϣҾȻоһӸζҲŸҶ϶㲢ʱˣֻû뵽ѡ˭ãȴƫƫѡһ˵ġˣ
˵ҶıΪĹŹ֡
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ʣӦó֮ΪۣʱĶҶ쿴ȥ
𣿡
Ҷ첻ÿɷĵ˵ͷ
͡
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˲˰۵ߡ
ڶԷǾ㵵УƽŰ۵ţ
䡭


826 ʹ
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ȻҲû뵽ҶٶȾȻ˵ľˣٶѸ͵ԼƿصԷټƾ£ϹʱڵĿǿ߻ԼķӦ
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ž
תߵ˲ڿշ衣
Ҷ챳һԺڰ֮ɫԵø
ղԳƱ𣿡
ħɵûдӸղŵѹ
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һǶص˦˴ħϣ׾ŭıУﵭ˵
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Ʈɫ糣ҶƺǶڶԷĻû˿ĸоһ㣬ﵭ˵
𣿵ǲҪȴˣȻǿ󣬵չҲһ꣬ڵͻȻİռʵ壬ʵܹﵽʲô̶ȣѡ˭ðƫƫѡһҴ̫ˣ۹⻹Ǻð
һ۵ɫʱʼ쳣
ڱǳֵԶͫߵݺݵشУϻ˾綾Ȳѵİ۲Żѡ൱õΪԼʵͶݵıʵķȻС׵ı㽫Է㶨ˡ
ȴû뵽ǸոյĽ뵽˶ԷУصĲλ棬Ȼһǿҵľʹ
Ȼġ
ҧгݵĺκεһˣʱٳǵԼСܱܵ˸ϵ֮κεһ˶޷Įӵġ
ΣѲɻҪҧڵʵӵе𼶵ĳ̶ȣǲҪԼĺá
㲻ԣ
ƴ߶
޴Ļƽӣ·һµĴɽһ㣬ȻγһһݺݵسҶѹ
ǿֲͷڵԪ޲ʾһӵĿֲһĴҶ壬ԻҶĥһѵġ
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֮Уɽӡ֣
µ֣ʱ֮УһڰϢֲѹ˶ʱоԼĺһļ٣Ϊϵ͵СǸоԼѪʼһķӿѡ
ʼȻﵽʼĲˡ
ؽ૵ĵ
֮𡢾ˣĬĬĿŲ񷣬ʼǿǿɼġ
ӣɫĴӣ֮УɫĹز񷣬ޱߵϢУһƺԽ޴
һգ̬ͦУƥϢ㹻˺ͻǵϢ
ΧѾ𽥵ĵλĺ󱲡
Ǹ޷ѹǰ˿ķ
ֲֿħѹ֣ԶԿģǵ˫Ŀȴ޲͸ĳ־˵ϲá
սòһ˿ԼʶģֻҪǼʶ֮󣬾ԶǵĪ档
оԷƿʼԼѹϮҶɫ΢΢һ䣬ԷʵȻ޷ķӳԼ𼶵ǿʵȴҲǿĺݡ
һҶɲͻƵۼĲΣӽԼһոµĲΣڼŶԷѹƣԿѷɫ
֮УҶıһľ޴Ӱʼӿ
һ޴ĻӰһµɽ
·Ǵ˿ռʱĻղ뵽ġ
޷йĿֲѹ֮䣬ԷĻƽ˿ĲС
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ڶԷǾ㵵УҶĺȵ
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û˿Ϣð·Ϊصһ㣬ס˺ߵ塣
ڰ۾㵵ıУҶϵЦĹ죺

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بŵ̫ɽ˿ûгɣ˲Ĵ˻ƽӣصĺɱ˰۵ϡ
ڰ۾㵵У޷ŵϢУǸ߸ϵİۣǸԳΪǿߣ׵ıѹ⡣
һͻأĳ֣һâİΧסҶ塣
ϡɼģһλȥСˡ
ȻͰԭΪżֲ࣬Ҷȴǿ϶ǰ۱ɡ
Сӣٵҵֻð㵱ҵˣû뵽㾹ȻԽۼĲΣʵҾȰһҿ²ҪʱԻָ𼶵ʵ
Ȼת֮УǺڰĸ˫Ĳ˼£ڰǾֵУҶȴһǿ֮
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һ𼶵ǿ𣿡
ҶӶԷٴεõһı֮󣬴ħĶѵģ̲סĽе
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827 ʥ
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Ҷ弱ٲ̬ɫʱһ䣬̲סʧ
ҶüͷԵüеľʹԭǼζҪֲ
þüĵľʹԤУ
Ŀ뷨ʼҶԺĸ˳
ߡǣ
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Ҷˣ
ǼʱѣҶ챾ȴ·Ǳ仯Ϊһλֲһ㣬ϵĿϢ쳣ռ֮жĳֻȼհ·
лԭĳ֣ЩǸл
ҶŰϵıﵭĶ˵
Ȼ֪ԷĴеʲôҶȴûжٵȤһΣջǺܶģκһ˵
Ȼһı
ٲùŶ
¶һĨЦ
һǺ֣ʲôܹ㻤סң
Ҷ˫Ŀ
˿Ƕ˵ģĺǿòܶ˵Էݡ
ڵʵӦúܿԼԷˣ׷ħۣ𣿡
һ֮жʱðһ
ħħۣ
ؽ̲סһĽͣǾϲıдһֺеĻɡ
졭㵱ǽ뵽ۼĲΣ
ģǶڴ˵һֵҵ飬»ôһԾΪʳעĶ
Ҳû˵ȥˡ
Ȼ桭ҽۼĲΣ
ħıǹ죬鴤֮ƺǵڶ޷ǰһУӵ޷ҶĳΪۼǿߡ
һ۰ʮʱ䶼ĳһλۼǿ߰㾹Ȼ뵽Σ
һۣ
Ҷ˵Ϊ⣬ǴʱҲû˼ȥŰĺȵ
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ħۡǲǳˣ
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ǹĸоӿʼ֮ұһֲԤУоӦǳˣǽȥˣ
һ˵ɫɿʼΪĹŹ֣
ҶڵʵѾۼʵ󵽣ǵ˴ˣǽָǶôĿֲ

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оüеʹҶüͷԵһּȲĸо·һ㣬ԼлƲϡ
ȻŹȥʱ䣬ĳؾʱȻĲͬ죬ҵĸоˣ
Ҷüͷʼһ㣬Ѹ͵չ衭
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ȻңңĿȥͬһ͸գ˲Ĺ°ħһ㡣
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΢ķЩ֮УĿʼɢЩ˵ģҲ𽥵
ʮÿһλޱ̬ͳ죬ϵķɫȴĹ죬һƬĺڻɫȥ·Ǵѵһ
Щ˵˫޲ǴŻɵĹâȥĺˣӿֲЩ˵ϾȻû˿˵ĲɭȻϢһ߾ߵʬûʲô
ǹǣЩ˵ıǿ֮ƺԼһ˿˿Ϣת
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һ˿޵Ĳâʹħ˫Ŀֲĸ£Ǻܿȴ¶˿Цɫ
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ʵǿ𣿺ߡĲû뵽ǰ׷ħӻ治СȻµǿ߶ȡ
һ˫ĿУ⡣
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˵СĿһۣǼʮλӭ紵ĿŮŮ̲סĴһ¡
ߡʹħ˼Ǳں¶Էɣ
˫Ŀ綾߰ĶŶԷȥ
ʥˣСľԲ˼
⼸ʮλʬÿһλĲΣǻһλѾ뵽۷ĲΣʦЩһƷǺ¶ԷҲáЩǵͰӣҲһ飬ʲô׷ħֻһλõСѡ
˫Ŀһ䣬Ϊʥ̵Ц
СǴԲѡ
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һӰͻȻĴӿи֡
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828 ǻ
ϣ
еײ֮ݺݵɢȾѪı֮ϣһӨɺ췺ޱߵɱ
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ҶҵȺǣ
޲ֱֳɱػԼļ壬ػԼ
֮ϣɽ֮УʥϵһĨĲм⡣
ߡǼΣʬĳ֣ʥҶѧԺҲû˿İʬҪɱûһ԰ȵġ
һλߵĺЦһԷ𻺻Ʈţһ˫ĿзĹâ֪˼ЩʲôǷűâ˫Ŀȴ˸оһֿµĲ
Ϊ˵õνɷѿģǰԼʦţҽԼʦͷ­£ѩŮӶͶ״˽յĳ̶ȣƺǵõð
ʥ˫ĿһḬ̃ͼʵĹâϵתڶԷһԷ档
ߡǡڱ˵ĪʹһʵһĽȻҪһֵѪˣֻǺ֣ǴĵΧ֮УȴֻΪ˹һССǣʵñѽⰡ
ʥϷһĨЦ
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ǰʥʵǲЩˣһʱҲ벻У׷ħǿĺݣǾͲ±ħ֪𣿡
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ʬʡҲ
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˵ָ΢΢һָǸУһƬĳ໥ľ룬ȴɿԲеεȵĿ£ռе˺ѼﶼԼĲ
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λ궼ħ֮Уɳ֣һϵħܣʬǲ˵ġ
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ҶЦſˣ漴Ŀ棬ڼҵĺ͵ɱҶӵܣ΢΢һ
һΣԱȫˣҶҵĸܶҵС
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ʥΪ⣬漴ȴٴεЦ
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໡
һŭȻĴӵϿʼ
ǵŭǵİԼһĺУ
Ⱥ
ڤﵭ˵
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һյƤЦ쳣ĺ
Ⱥ
ʮŭһ̷·ǻһֻľǣ
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ߵĻǻ
飡
Ĳ
ʮ趯ܵ濪ʼʮ˵Ͽʼŷ
ȡػ
ǻꡪ֣
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ɵĹҲҶڸǵĹһȼԼĿ
ʮһ𱬷һ㹻ĲĪĿܡ
Ϣʼ䵽˲֮Уޱߵѹ£е˶ʼˬʵЦ⡣
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ҶﱯߵĽ
ȫû뵽Ⱥʮ˾Ȼ㷽ʽػԼ
ҲȲˡ
ټһ
ֻ֮УپףȺ
䡭


829 
ֲѹ˲ز񷣬ǻ־;ں϶ǿʮ˱űľģŭ
Ķ־ǻ꣡
һֿµȻСԸԵ˺ݣԼݣǵ漰Լˣȴԥǰ壬ǵεǿ󣬼ǶԷεĲսʤȴᵨӡ
ʮ棬趯
ĲƥϢ
ǿʥǿߣڸоھ־ѹ̲֮ס
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һ꿪ʼĴǵпʼƯȴĹѡ
ǻ꾹ȻҪǵ궼ȫȼյ
һ̣ʮ˵ȴվû˿ϢƾԼľȻȼա

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һγƥڷڣڼѹ
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ŭ֮ʼԴƣǽʱѣ֮ȴ·һµĺ㣬ӿľˡ
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830 ɽӡ
ըףبź硭
һֲӰӴʮֲӰӳ߸ͬһʱ̣ʥƺǸоԼĻᵽһ㣬Ŀʼ
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һµıͻȻĴ֪Ӻδһ׳ľ޴Ӻݺݵ֮ԴϾصһ
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ʹħʬƺǲδһ˿ľȣû˿Ķ·ĲˣһλСһ㣬Ȼôġ
Ҷ졭û뵽㾹ȻͻƵʼĲΣ˵飬žԵĴˣõħĴУҴڵĲԵһεؾеõĺô١
ҶĿŶԷû
ԼϵһѧҾͷŹ㣬ԼļˣĻۻ൱ѿļÿһˣᱻιʬ
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ļ֮Уҵ˶Էһּ䣬ϹεȫΪѩŮڰеĲٿأһΪսˣڰеУڣҶңǵһжвΪҲΪħҶܷŵһŶ
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ԭû˿ʱѾ
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糺죬оԼܵһδַСнסķ˵Ľ
һο߲ˣԭΪѶִնɱһжı䣬˭룬ȴΪҵħ㡭
һΣΪʲôҪ
̲֮סٴ̰Ķ
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835 ѩų
ʲô
Ҷıľȣ϶һ޷š
ߡһκڰ˵ĿѩŮеԭȴֻ֪˵һѩŮ֮нİ˲ҴܵǿϹҲ׷׳ɽ֪Ϊ¡
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һˬ֮ҶһߺݺݵرһѾģˬ̬Ե˰ҹ
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ѩŮϹǶΪǶɽˣǴＴĳЩ¡
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ԵĶҶĳĪĵ⣬̲סٴο˵

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λУһ޴Ĺųǽˡ
ų֮Գ֮ΪųǣֻΪԷ¹ϣǶԷʷʹ˵Ϊ֮
˵һλǿߵ֮أֳ֮Ϊѩ
ѩųǣ
ѩǱ֮ΪϺһУµĻѩļѰ֮ضҪϺ
һٵ뿪ӳһ֮мǹƽȴ԰͵ӡ
½κεһطĻսȴûгֹһս
ѩųǾ񻺻Ĵ߹ÿοĳʱϻٵı¶һ˿Ϻ𾴡
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һӵĽǸźԶľ룬ȴɿԸоֱѩĹųĳϢ
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·ǲм﷢漴һӰ˸ѸٵĳѩųǵʥǵĿѩŮ
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һģһ֮ɫĸڶԷ󣬶ڿλʱϵıƺ൱ĵĮиǶһ޵ӣ̬ƺڿһȺŵͬ࣬ӵϣһ㡣
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񰡣ѩ壬ķ̫ˡŮˣֱǺĺܰõЩֱ
˵˫Ŀٴε˳Ůѩɫ񾱿ʼ䣬Ǹʵ𽥵ĳΪ˶ԷעĽ㣬쳣
Բô󡭡˵Ȼҷˣҵʵ̫˵㣡
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ҶȻطǵʲôˣǶԷƣȥƺҲǶ㲻ȥˡ
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˵ʲô֪˭㾹Ȼ˵ĸӷС椡ӿ㣬ھҪ㣬ڸأԶ֣ߣ
Сӡ֪һ˺ǿ󣬵Ӹ㣬òҪɵ£ӵݿɲǡ
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ŮʵĽ˸֮У˲ּ£漴Ҷֹͣ˵
߰ɡ


836 ѩų
߰ɡ
Ҷﻺ˵
ŮʵΪҶѡĬڶԷĺ̨ҶӲȥ⣬¡

ŮʵĽ΢΢չͷӦ
ĳؾ֮õĺô²ٰɡ
·֮УҶͻȻ˵
ֻǵõҪġ
Ůģɵ˵仰ȴƺǶҶû˿Ľ͡
ҶȴҲ⣬ڵĹϵ൱ѣȻû˿ĵ⣬ҶҲȥ̽˵顣
СһȻǿᰡȻֶζоˡ
һ΢Ůʵ춯أŮ֮⣬κε˶δ
Ҳɡ
׼ôˣ
Ҷﻺʵ
ħˣİɣħصĸѾӵѾǧ֮ǰźܿԽ뵽ѩŮġ
׹ħħĵҲ̵շ˴ţħڲϵķչ
ʬҲ̵˵
ܺáһȻ֪֮ĸΪʲôҪѩŮ˭Ұֵġս죡
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һ˻뿪ӵʱңһӰȴȻĳԭ뿪ĵط
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Ǵʱȴ·ǵһľȻվϵļⲻϵĳ鴤衣
˲ǱˣǸոշѰӵƴ
ǳǰȴֻһѾʬ塣

ѩ񱩵ľ𣬷·һֲһ㣬ڳΧĵ䡣
ԭû˿ɱķѩȴ·Ϊıһ㣬ٵĳΧи
ռиΪƬ

˫Ŀ֮Ŀ꣬嶶ͣ
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˭ɱ㣬һܲ˵ģںǻΪ㱨ģһɱĽǣһĸڻں֮ȥ
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ŭ·һֻ񱩵ħһ˻𣬰һĪľɷ

ңңԶҶͻȻ
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˵ҶҲ飬˫Ŀǰ
ȻĿǽµĲȴ˿ûͣٺʹ
Դڽ׵ۼĲ֮Ҷϱһֿµı仯һ˭ı仯
һۣ̫ʱڻڵʱڣҪɾΪϵĴۣҪıһδε
ε֮ﳼһλλܵˣΪǽ׵Ļ͸ۼǽġ
ҶֽȴһԷֻֽۣͬͬǴ֮Ľ
ס죿
ڴʱһ󼱴ٵĦȴͻأĲ
Ҷ΢΢һŤͷȥϲ¶һĨЦ⣺
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ȫ޲ǴһֿµĴɫ·һ𱻴Ϊһ㡣
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ʱĳһʱĥ֮ϵʵԵѾٴεĽˡ
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ԭĳʵҲĲΣһ궼δԷȴѾ뵽ĲΡ
ٺ١Ǳģ֮ҵʵȻġ
ϴŸм֮ɫ˵
Ҷ΢΢һЦȻЧǾ˵ĺܣȴͶԷŬǷֲģǶԷܹ˶ݵʱб׵ĲϣҲ亱ĺܡ
Сӻ˵ءڿǶĹ¼ء
˵䣬ٴε˵
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Ҷû˵ϵЦȴԣõıǶԷˬʣʵǿ󣬶Է仯΢̬
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ڳıһ˲ʱ¶ȵɫҶ졣
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ڱһ֮Уһλͷɫ̲סĺߺߵ
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˲ǱˣǱҶ֮Ϊ̨ĳڵĳ֮һ
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Сӡ
ƺɵһ
漴̲סһİۣ
㾹ȻƶԷСӣҲǳͳϺн飬ĻǱСӶҪ񡭡
һʱΧϲɵ¶˾֮ɫ
һ￴ȥƺҲ󰡣ѵ˵һﻹǸǵҪ֮˲ɣ
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˵
ǵһεΪʲô
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һҲ֪ںǵĳеǣǲǣ죬һεҸоͬСɣ㵽ǲΪԵʣ
Ҷ˫Ŀʱ˵ɺĿʼ

Ҳᱻ˲ģҶҲ
ҵòҪڴʱѩŮ˺ѩŮҲΪһ˶ģҵǣܹþգòҪִˣһЩ֪˶µϹǶѾɽˡ𣿡
˽ˡ
Ҷ˵ͷ
ǳȴĺԣҶ˿ûнϵӡ
Եĸ̾һ֮󣬳֪Լ뷨ûбԷӡ
ǽȥɡ
Ҷﵭ˵
ðȥɣһ·һĿֲ֮ϵĴݲҵ񾭰Ǻ󵽵ʲô龹Ȼôǿ
Ҷĵ˵ͷ
漴ζĿһ
һεĶҶԴĿЦһ¡
ҶѾƵۣһۣ֮ȻҶܶ࣬λ׸Ь䡣
ңң֮УһӵĽѾʥַĽҶ¶һ˿Ц
ѩŮˣ


837 ۵ˣ
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̹ǵ绺Ĵ֮УȺɽ֮ĵطһ·סĹȻ
̹ǣȴûһܹԽһе磬ѩƺǰĳһ㣬һڿһ֮󣬱Ỻɢ
ƶ䣬ϼεֲϡ
滨ݣԪʵʣŨԪǿĵ
ѩŮȻһڵļ
оΧϢڲϵĳ̣ϵӿʵҶ˵ϺǾȡ
ֻһĨСʵǿ߻϶ʼĲΣЩ½֮˷صǿߡ
ÿһλϿ¶һοµʷ
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һλλȥ·ҪϹǵƲϣ·һǿҵĸ̬֮һͿԽǵ峹׵Ĵɢ
ЩˣҶ춼׵ȥǡ
ΪЩ˵֮УҶǸоһɿֲڻתﲻãһĻ̼ᱻȺ͵ķΪֲʵ
ЩϼһﶼҪ˵ӣȴоƺǲϵôأ
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ҲǺһһ۵ĳ̶ȡ
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ЩˣǳڶûʸۣǵĳڣΪǿҲʼĳ̶ȣΪһεĶ̫󣬶ԷѹǺ棬ʼǿߵôֵģ
ֻǺܺ氡ǵ֮оȻżλʼǿߡ
Ҷһָ˫ĿڱĿߣϴŵЦ˵
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Ҳˣ˵֮ӵʼǿߣڵĳʵԶԶֹˡ
ѩŮ֮ÿһλ쳣֮ˣû뵽һЩСȥУûء
һĨƵĻͻȻĴҶĶ֮С
ĳ֣ʱһλݿ꣬мĿҶ죬ȻҶҲĴӶԷп˶ԷڿԼʱֵּ֮ʡ
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Ҫȥһ𣿡
Ůʵתɷ˵ӣ΢΢Ŀ֮УһĨĵʱĴ̼Ҷ񾭡
Է̬ûдҶ鷳ڵȼìܵĻ档
Ҫˣֻ㲻Ҫҵĺá
Ҷ˳ŶԷȣ죬ϸ΢΢ĸš
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ǿ꣬Ҷ쾹ȻѡԼҺԼϵŮ˵ЦʱĶʻʢ
ҲǲףŮŮȴҲǺĺݣǼȴҲǵġ
Ҷһ˿ȥǵ뷨Ůµһǿҵϵ
ٴεĿʼ
ƺҲûй涨ʲô˸ʲô˲ɣ˼Ȼû˵ʲôȻ̡ܽ
С˵ʲô
ɫΪĲƣԷǿԼһˣȴԼڵȫĺˣֻܹ˵ԷҪôǸ׳ա
ҪôǶԷʵѾԼڡ
ȵȰɣСԼӦġ
˵
𣿡
Ҷ˫Ŀһɱ˵
˭Ȼǵ
ǰ˵ıʣԷȻȥǶԷֱ
ǰ׷꿴ȥƺЩأ
Ϊɫʱһ䣬ʵǸ߸ϵˣʦǿ쳣˵ȥǵӲҪ˵ǺԼŸˡ

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һУǸ֮ľȻٵ˸
֮еһеһȫһ̷·ڿһһʵĸı񱩵ķˡ

ϵ
ȫڿʼ
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ŭһУҶʱ׳һֻ˺ǳĻ
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һ̣Ժеľʹȴ޷ƵĿʼѣ
Ȼĵֿоȴûеֿȥ˲Ļ˻Ե״̬
֮УǸ֮ľȴƺǸоһһ㣬ѸٵĿʼ߲֮ϡ
ԭƻһУ
Ժһζε֮ݻƿʼһųϵĹ⻪
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Ҷ쾹Ȼ뵽֮
ٴε˵Σ
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Ҳ˵ڵҶٿʮλ񼶵ǿߺĽֲʱֱӿԽʮλĵز
ǵ˾֮ҲûһԱ֮

͵һҶֻоԼϴ޷ƵʹԭĻ֮ٴεѣ漴ٴεĻԣ
̣ȻΪΣΪµǿҵľʹҶ̲סһֽĳ嶯
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ϵЦȴԣ
Ϊˣ
Ҳ֪ǳ˯˶ٵʱ䣬Ҷڳ˯֮𽥵˹
һ۾ʱ֮ϵľſձ֮С
ӵ񾳽֮Ѿ뵽һ˼ĳ̶ˡ
ĻҹƿʩչǿؼκΣʱ䲻ˣҸûȫļЩ񣬲ֻҪŬһлġ
գ½֮УҶ˫ĿյĿֲ䣬ڵղֻǼӵʱѣȴѾоԼ˫Ŀ֮зһµʹ
ֲֿĹâ·һֻһ㣬˿ֲȼյ¶㹻ķյһһ
Χֲܶ࣡
ÿһö·ĳ̶ȣǸߴ̬½Ҫ򱶣ʮ򱶡
΢΢۾ҶǿЩӦˡ
ŷԼƺһ֮ϡ
ԼԼĶʱĴһµľʹ
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ΪһεײµԼܵ˺
˵ƺûжٵΣա
΢΢һһɿµԪȻ½ҪŨǧĳ̶ȣһڶѣҶȴоԼĵ֮Уƺһ˿
֮˳žʼ۲졣
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ȴһȫĿԻָ
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һǿҵҶı֮䴫оԴ֮ҶŤŤԴ
ȻŵĲݣ
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ϸϸĿȥȴƺǺأͬΪһ㣬ĺݡǿԿеҺ
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ðɡݾͲݰɡ
Ҷ̲סĿЦʱһѣӲҪ˵ǴԼϵ֮ȡҩˡ
һҧסһСݡ
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853 

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Ҷǽһ۰һݣһӲʯͷеԾȻݶı
ҺõĻҧеһ㡣
һϢʱע
µ˲Ҷӯһɻ
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಻ϵĲҶб˳
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ÿµľ簡һֲͨﾹȻűƷҩҪµЧ
뵽̬ŨԪһƺҮԵõһĽˡ
ȻҶڵΪأҶţƾڵĳ̶ȣֻҪƻָ֮ųֱ㿰ʮλǿߺĹȫĿԱġ
ԪԴԴϣ½ǧĳ̶ȣĳ̶ȼǲҪȥȥѸٵռȡʡȥҶ첻ٵڵûȥ
ڵľıŮǲ㱡ĤҪ
ݺݵҧһ棬еٴεıȡҶıҲ𽥿ʼָ
õ½֮У¼Щʥǿ߶ġ
Ȼֻһѡ
ܹͻƵ񼶵Ĳοº͵֮еһö컯ܲɷֵĹЧͻһ磬һô൤ҩĴͲ䣬ҲרעҲô񼶵Ĳεġ
ԼͻƵ񼶵ĲΣҶҲΪľȣܿҲ뵽еԭ
뵽˶ԷȻֻǸһöССĴ컯񵤣Ҷ̲סıһѶԷ
ԭ컯ʲô֮ڿһݶıǴ컯񵤿µȼҲܸߵġ
˵񼶵ǿֻܹһС֮ϻкεȿֲǿ߻֣
Ҷ޷ЩץߵǿǷɻġ
ΣѾҶԽĸоˡ
һֲȴųѰҩЧһԪոǿҶʡ½
һֶôֲĳ̶ȡ
¾һ׳ҲɵĽ뵽𼶵Ĳεġ
ԼϵؽףҶҲʼûжٵ˷ܸˣ˵½Ļ㹻ĿԳΪһǿ½ǿҲǲܵģȴһˡ
뵽Щ֮ҶüͷԵ
ҵƻָ֮󣬼Ǵ򲻹֣ҲԶŰ˲ͼ֮У棬Գһ磬㹻кܶĻȥɳġ
뵽Щ֮ҶҲʼԵķ
̶̵ʱ֮УҶѾĶˣΧֲȴȫıԳһε̬
ȻͨСݣеζȴĺܣҶ쵹ҲûܶٵĿࡣ
оԼ֫ԵƣҶ̲סİԵһ̾Ѿ൱ˡ
֮Σճ̶ȿ±½ҪҶȴܹ뵽ûѾ˵ĺˡ
Ĵ֮ó˴ѵĵҩ漴ٴεóһöӨʥˮʳȥ
еҩϵĲ֮ҶԴԴϵʼָĸѸ
Ű˲ͼеԪԪӵĳ˰ٱҶһ֮еٶȺͻָٶȶﵽһӺ˵ĵز
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Ǻܿȴ֣ռ֮е谭ƺ½ǧĳ̶ȡ
ŨԪȻǶԿռϵɬһ̶ϵӰ찡ƾϵĴٶȣһԺܿĻָġ
ֻǼʱѣҶϵѾ׵Ļָ˹һִĳѪȺͻζҲҶЩΡ
Ҹطϴһµĺá
ҶǰѾԼ˰ӵʱ䣬Ǿȴﵽٹĵز
ܿһȪˮ֮ʼҶĶߡ
΢ҶѾʧԭҶȴûз֣ǰķУһҲڳǰ


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ϸϸζؼŨǧˮһԼ֮УһԸоԼڷĸš
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ŮӵΧһزţֱֳУƺʱ޿̵Ķڽ䱸ϡ
һλģԵøĳ棬һɫĳۣ󱳸һµĳУ˵ĿȥףǾ޴ĳУмȴѾ˵档
ȻĿȴɿԷֶԷ֮ȴϢΧĲľ΢б̬
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Ӳ˵ģҶľյףԲܱۣ
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һԴźâĲѪҶ˳ѪҺϵı鿪ʼѸתΪ˺
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׻׻̻壬ҶԵĵͷǶڴȴһָм֮顣
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һ㵥Ĵ񱩵ƺǰķʽϱԿĳ
һʮˣΪ׵һλݷף˲ĴһϢ·һͿɽ䴵ɢһ㡣
аһö壬Ҷƺǲδ˿⣬ȫ
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Ҷһľ㵣ԭѾ߹˺ӵǱȴ֣Լǵ͹˶ԷǱˡ
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ô簡ƺǺҲ˰ɣභҺ֪ǸεĴģ
аı΢䣬漴һλִӻ˻֣

壬Ҫ˵ڶΡ
а۶λִӡ
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ΪĵӣݺݵؿҶһۣ漴˳ȥ̣һλѪ˽ԷϵȻأȴѾˡ
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Ը㣬ӣҪסǿߺ֮ûνԭģֻǿŻ᲻ܱ裬ǽʵﵽͨǲǵģҪǿ
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ִõ⣬˿ԽѵӣɱҪܵµĳͽġ
ҶĻָ֮УȻɺˣʵѾָĲˡ
аʵӦѾ뵽ͨʵˣճ˵ľձ֮Ϊƶʮ֮һǴӦҲǲǴ˵ǻۣһﲻǷѾҵݹ죬İȴȥץʱˡ
˼֮УһֲĿ֮ȴͻȻı˳


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˼֮УһҲźӵٶȵĳ濪ʼߡ
㻹ʲô
壬ӵҲǷŭޱȵĶŶԷȵ
СӡȺССϣȻҵĵܵܣҵ׵ܵܣǶܾôˡǡ
ҶüͷԵ
һʵѾ뵽ͨʵˣʵԲڵĺӿȥֿģҪ¶Լʵˡ
Ҳһ㣬ڵһλǾΪҪͶԷԿĻɲһݵ˵á
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Ѫ𣿡
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ﱻ٣ȻԵѪǿеԼĵ￪ʼָѪȷʵͬСɡ
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˭
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ܺõĹȻԺͨǿ߶ԿɼΡĻϲţ׼ˣ


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ûһľϲ̲סĵ˵ͷ
ܺáȻǸı˲٣Ȼ˵ĻҲԸǿ㣬ǿ㳤ģҶǷģһĵﾹȻΪѪʼָˣҲоοĸ֮Ҳ˰οͷˡ
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ѪڵʵΪİŻõģ֮вǿĵҩȴûнңΪǲ֪һᱬѪĴУڲһˣҵѪгˣȻȥӣΪ׵ʶϲģ粻һҷ׷ǹʣȴңһҪΪʦ
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ҵѪеļ䣬½ƺһ˵ѣĴԪռҲûǿߴҲֻЩǿŲʸ˽⣬Ȼǿ󣬵ȴҲƶѡԻûʸӴһ㡣
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𣿡
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Ϊʦ߲ȫ˿ǳģ㻹Ǵڵĺá
ӻЩҪ磬Ҷָ΢һƾӨĹâָָ˸һĨâۼ˺ӵü֮У
Ϊʦ꣬ΣգΪʦ֪һаΪʦһԱİȫ
һҶ֮һȫſԱ֤Էİȫ
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ӿ϶ĵ˵ͷ
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Ҷĵ˵ͷ
εģҶҪȥʶһ챦⣡Ҹ̽һˡ


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ӵʵ͵λѾˣҶȻΪ·˼һĴڣˮǴߣΪӵԵʣԵҲû˵鷳
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ѪΪȻڵĹ⡣
ҩǿԵõЩҩ֮ʵӿʼͻͽ
ҶȻ󣬵Ƕ֮ȴŵƣת֮۷幦ħǾҲˡ
ָӻǺ׵ġ
ҶָϺνİѪʵѾĴҶһѡ
̶̵ʱ֮УӵʵѾǾΪ뵽˵ڰľ֮С
ȻҶѾ֪Ѫе˶ţǺӵĽ֮ƺѾſݵˡ
Ѹٽ֮УҶҲûš
ڵϣһڳע֮Уüȴؼǳңң
һ֮һڵ֮
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⻰𽥵ĿʼڿʱУ徹Ȼɢֻǧ׵Ŀռһ˿µ

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ҿҶ˲ٴε쵽ǧ׵ĳ̶ȡ
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Ѿﵽǧˣ羹Ȼɴڡ
ҶüͷԵ˵
ڴʱһ˿֮ȻԶĴпʼ˳ĿʼֲһĽϡ
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һֻɫצڰпʼĳҶץȡ˹ȥ
Ҷ˫Ŀ΢΢һɫצȻҲһɫĹâڰȴĻڹ͵֮ɫȫĲһͷ·ǺڽĹâֹâĿռ䶼޷ȥɵ
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һﾹȻռһռ䣬֪Ǵʲôطõģһߴ׵ĳ̶ȣȸ쵽˰׵ĳ̶ȣһȻֻڶԷβ棬һصס档
֫צҲˡ
ǼˣڿǷޱȵצ֮Ҷ൱ȷΪԼŰ˲ͼһٸԼҲԷġ
Ŀһڶûлָ˺ѿռԿóһ˺֮УһĿƴڸϡ
Ǹطһղ̽צĵط
һǹ𣿡
Ҷ̲סĴһµ˵
Ǳǹ
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һĻҸ޷õģﵽ챦⣬ΪʲôһǿĹﰡ
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ӦһֻɣֻǺźܴĲ࣬ǶԷϵֲֿȴƭ˵ģһֺڰԵĲǿ£һԵҲͰˣǺڰȴǺĺܣٻڰԵĹﰡ
üͷ΢΢һ
ڰԣ
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˸֮УĳͻȻĿʼ
Ҷ徹ȻٴεʧŰ˲ͼС
ҿ˰
̲סĽе
һҶȴ˶Էϡ
һĺɫ֮С
ڰȨȣ
һֱҶĵ֮δֹڰȨȾȻıҶٻ˳
𡭡
޺һֻ޴ĺڰ񱩵
һɫ͵ĴӶԷĶ䣬Ҷ˹ȥ
ռ˺ѣ֮пֲĲߡ
͡
һڰȨͻȻıһõӰ
޴Ӱ΢֮УȻһסǺڰ棬Ĳӣ
䡭
ֻһӰȴһѽǺڰһִֻ˳ȥ
һӰٴεĻ֮УһȭİһݺݵĦѾĿռ䣬ƥصĻ˺ڰ
䡭
ۡ
ƺĳַ׵Ĵˡ
ڰĲҽ
һ̶ԷĲٴεıǻӰ͵ץ


892 ռı䣡

ĺڰıԷȡٴεĹע˺ڰȨ֮С
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ԽԽأԽԽء𽥵ҶвȨȣһɽһĸо
ָо£Ҳ𽥵Ŀʼء
Ҷ켴ֲ֧סʱ̣ΧĺڰȻıȥ
ǺڰҲѾȫʧΪĺڰȥ
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Ҷ૵ĵԭҲֻƾԼĸоһڰȨȣԭҲûʮİջὫԷٻ
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͡
ǰĹ⻪˲ָ˹һԺĵ˫ĿȴĶ׼Ҷ졣
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ڱһ˫۾ס˲䣬ҶʱһĽӲǺڰסٵѹǿ
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Ǻεȿµʵһ˾˵Ч
彩Ӳ޲ĽӲǸоԼ˵ľʹ֮¾ȻҲ޷
Χһпռ侹Ȼȫ
Ű˲ͼ޷ȥá
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һ޴֦ӰصĴҶð˲ĴһӰ
ۡ
Ӱ˺ѣվ޷ⸯ֮ʧ

һȫɢ֮ҶϵĽֹڵʧˣڵĴϢţȴ¶һĨҲѵɫ
ľٴεðǼʱ֮ԭĹ·Ҳʼָ˹
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ڰȨҲ˳ƵĴӵϷ𣬿ٵ뵽Ҷĵ֮С
Ҷüͷ΢΢һֻĸоͷƣⸯ֮ƺΪԼΣնֵģƺΪǺڰȨȱԷԵʣͺһСӵǹ˶һĸо
뵽Щ֮ҶʵһֿЦõĸо
һĸоȴӿ
΢Ҷ˫ĿһڴĹâ
͡
·ǴԽʱһ㣬һĨâ˸ҶѾһɫȨȣ
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ЩȻҶҪģϵǿᣬǿ죬ȴԼʵ
˵ڰȨȵó֣ǲڵҶҪġ
΢΢Ķ֮УҶѾǰȥ
ٶԽԽ졭

һȭ裬ӵȭͷ·ǻĻҧһֻƥȭ
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Ľƥ·һ޴Ĳһ㣬˫ڶԷϼӳȥ
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㾹ȻˡһҪСӣɱɱ
ֲɱ⣬ǰĶ֣һĲ

ҶĽһоȻһĸоƺе㲻̫
ץʱѰɡ
ٴεǰȥ
ԭϿȥһһĽǵĿʼ֮Ҷȴ֣ϵ̬ȫһӣƺһĿռһ㣬ûжٵĶԣҶǰٶȶѾﵽһµĳ̶ȡ
׵·Ѿƺһжûҵ
֮Ŀʼߡ
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ͬԹһѰʵЩ˷ʱĸоһʱҶҲ㣬ʼת֮
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˻
﷢һʹ΢̾Ҷ˫Ŀȴٵ
ҲȻĳź浹ȥһֿµΣпʼð
ģ⵽ǸأǸħľۼء
Ҷ̲סİ
㲻մĿʼ֮ʼıŷ
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ˡ
ռ֮ƺڴʱһĲ·һռ˺Ѳ
Ҷüͷ𣬵ǽµٶȲû˵ļǸӿֲĿֹܲ
ĻӰҶǰ˸ӡǣߣϵת䣬ǾڴʱҶɫȴ
Щš
ҶȻͣһǽڵǰ棬ǳķƺǻһ˸µϢ
Щص㡣
ЩҶԭ·;Ρ
Ŀռ䡭ıˣ
Ҷ૵
ϵıʱҪжأ
ΪһиǷ޷ǰ½еġ


893 ̫ţˣ
̵ʯصķţӵװΣԼ裬ʾһ൱صĲ
ѵ챦𣿡
Ҷ˵
ģĳһ͹âĿտ֮ȥ
ķţʱĴΧһϸ΢ĲƣÿһĲ֮з·̲ؼĸһ㣬ϵҶʡ
䣬Ҷвһԡ
Խ
һĹ⻪֮УҶ˫ĿȴһĲƺԣƺ֮䣬ǰһȻ䡣

ԵޱȣŰٱߵƣʣﳼ԰Ե֮ѹһ֣·䶴棬ȻɼĽ֮еǳ׵гɷĩ

ƮƳ಻ľһͨأ·˳׻ŭ
һ죡
ǹ

ıз·޾ؼ裬ڲݻԼΪ
Щı޲ӰС
ǿߣ
ƿ񱩣
ɽӣ
ֻժǳ
ɽλرĿռѻ޾ľһڿռڲϵ룬档

似
ؼ
ɫɫʥʥİĺڰ쳣׵֮
ɫ󣬷·ؼԪܹת˲֮һ̳׵ıһ㡣
ŭЦƽЦ
ս
һ޵ս
ǰǵ
Ӱص֮УЩ˵ƵǿҲͷų
ߣ꣬ˣŮ
е޲ĶǵĶ֡
ü֮Уſµĳǣ˫Ŀͷŷɫߵ̬Ǹ̬߰
ս
һλ濡ŭ
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ĺ
ս죬գ᳹أ
䡭
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ضΪ֮
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ߵʵɣư磬᳤磬ƥ
ŷɵĽ֣ȴûһѡӲ־ϵ־ȥǡ
ӣǶӣһƬոµĴ½Ǿ磬ǣߣӣеӡ
ΪĿ૵ĵ
漴Լ˱նɱȴη̬¶һỊ̃һֺ˫Ŀ֮ͷų
ΥȴƫҪħ
ٴεıյǳ̲סĲ
Էǿ徹ȻٵĲ

һλŮͻȻĽ
ü֮һöӨɰĳǽ׵ĶͷԵø
ʱεסʱڳȰ衣
ھ죬εȱˣҲˣɣ
䡭
ֲĹâ˳ų
ֲĻӰչ֣߽ɫķӣаħ񣬻ʥʹ߰Ե
һ𣬵λžӨǵŮȴһĴս֮Уɢһ˺ѵĿռ֮С
ƲϣǾϢ

Ŀģ½ѣ½ƺʤˡ
Ҷĺøļ٣ǰһǳǿֲսһһʽ޲ԽԼ˲Ļɱ
ôܣôܣ½ǿʵҲ񼶣ΪʲôΪʲôԷԱ˾˵ʵ
Ϊǵһ½ˣΪϵˣļ䣬ƺǿԳ֮Ϊ̫ˣ
һĴ˳
˭
Ҷɫ䣬ŭǰһѾʧȴҶĶߣʰ쳹˳
ڲ֪䣬Ҷļ侹ȻԷˣˡ
ǺεȵǿᣬҶֱ޷ǶԷҪɱԼҪƺһ˿һԡ
Ǻǡҹ˰ȻٴεҼ˹ˡ
ĳ֣Ŀʼ죬漴һ͵ĹâʼҶǰ֣â޷ֳǺεȵɫ
ֻ͵ķ·ǻعĸһİ
ţ
Ҷ岻ɵһ˺ǰ֪ʱȻһӰ
ɫĳɫĺ룬ɫĳۣһƺǶɫȴģȫıĳڸס
㡭˭
ͻأֵļһҶ̲סĽе
ǺǡСһﰡû뵽ȻٴεоǹϤϢϤѪ½Ĳ
ϵĴҶȴڲ֪ĿʼƽεģԷϢ֮û˿ɱ⣬еֻ޾Ϣ·ΪһĴϾ
ǰѵ˵ǱȺ˴ߵ½˵ǡ̫񣿡
̫񣿡
Է΢΢¶һĨɣȴĵ˵ͷ
ô˵ĻҲԡҵȷ̫ʱڵˡ
Ҷϲ¶һĨɣǸȴǾϲ
ǰΪʲôڵ챦УѵǱǿе𣿡
Ǻǡûжٵû˿Լȡ̫žǿҲܵ˴ȥġ
Ѿˣֻҵһѡ
Է૵
ꣿ
ŶԷ̬Ҷ޷󣬶Էһ꣬˿µ̬׵ĶԼļ䣬ǶԷҲɣԼ±ԷһԻɱ
֪кܶʣƺûжٵʱ𸴵ģһάϵ˶ãһֱڵȺһλ½֮ƺǶʧˣĳȴҿϣ
ȴ
Ҷ૵˵
ǰȴ˺½˶൱ģӣӣݻΪЩŪĹߣÿһεȥߣҲҪǵ־
ǰνĴָǣ
Ҷ˵
Ǻǡ˵氡ʣһһ͵ģе飬ȴڵ֪ģʲôڿˣάϵ˶õġ
Ҷ˫Ŀ΢ɿʵ
Ϊʲô̫ʱڣҸоЩǿǵڵҶҪǿᣬһԻɱһ㣿½ʷϣƺ񼶵ǿ߲ǿİ
⣬Ҷν൱֣½ôǿĻΪʲôȴûʷϳֹ
ǵǰһп¶޶ѣ񼶣ɱΣ
Է˫ĿһĨâ
𣿺ǺǡЩ˲񼶣Ƕ̫ʱڵǿߣǵʵھ֮У֮Ϊ֮


894 ֮
֮
Ҷı˲һ͡
ǰ˼˵½֮Ҳӵй֮ǿߣ
Ҷ޷ţ޷ţ֮Ȼ޷֪ܹǿʲô̶ȡ
ڵҲǾǿߣȴԻɱǿߵʱ˲ǼΡ
һָɵĽѹĳ̶ȡ
Ϊʲô½ΪǿǿҲ񼶵ĲΣҲǱĳЩ˿Ľѹˣ½֮вܹڳǿƵǿߵģһֹҲϷĹ򡣡
һ̲סĴҶбҧгݵ˵
Ϸ򣿡
ǰϷǶϣӣ
ӣ֣ѾҶһεˡ
ÿһʱ½ҲһϷĹ򣬵ʱӳһδνٵľǿʵƺǿʼˮˣһ㣬ǳҵԤϡ
ָ΢΢һУһĨâٵļ䵽Ҷü֮У
ħһԼԼǱܣΪ۵ǿ󹦷˲Լﵽԭǧ򱶣ˣԺ½ػҪˣϣǿ󵽲ҪħʱΪ⹦֮
Ժ˸ϣҶƺ޷˲
ȵ㹻ǿʵ֮ҪʱԻеġ
Ҷĵ˵ͷ
ǰʲôˣ
Ҷ˫ĿٴηĹâ
̫ʱڵǿߣȱֲԪȴɵܹôʱ䣬ȷʵµĺܡ
Ǻǡ㿴Ĳ𣿶Ǹƺɡ
ҪѰҵνƺɣǸһССİɡСһﰡͣڴٴ쵽½뵽ȫµĳ̶С
һĹâ˸ҶҲѸٵı
Ǻӣˡ桭
ҶȻķӦ˹ҪѯʶԷ
룬֪޲Ҫȥһ̽ͷ֣Ͱɡ
𽥵ĿʼɢҶȴѾڲĹˮ
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΢ҶѾ𽥵ĿʼɢӰһ
󹫶˽
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ҶʧӰӣһɢâӰдһ̾һοĸ̾
Сһﰡ㲻򵥰ϣԴ֣ҲϣԤԣ˵ĳְεתȴŸϸȥֵģǴܣеӣȴҲǿԦġ
ɢ
ҶǰεȵˣҶ춼鲻ԽҪĸо
Ũ½ĵҩĲͬ
һȦȦķ·ŮѪһ㣬֮Уϵÿһļ
ҶоԼĵеž˷
ĸо£ҶҲʼĳĳʼǰС
һĨӨĹâȻڴʱ
֮УĲʼɢҶҲ¶˾ϲɫ
΢֮УҶǰһɫĹ⻪Ѿʢ
΢֮Уµ߲Ѿʼͱ
͡
ǰĽɫâʼı˳
ϣ
뽣ҵײ
·ǻ˰Ե֮Ϳ
ɳ裬ʯı䡣
䡭
ŵٴײУһռѺ۶ʱĸ֣׵Ĺâвϵ֡
ӰҲʹ˷ֿ
ӡ໥Ķӡ
ںӵ棬һ˿ѪԵø
Ķ汧ȴһĨЦ
Сӣû뵽㾹Ȼܿһûа룬һֱôȥģһ֮ǰ㽫ҺŮˣһڵĻᶼûС
΢΢ĲһϵѪм˵
ѹ˵˷ֺü֣ΪĵһֱϲװB֡
һɫʱһ䣬ղŸӵʢ
СӡTMD
͡
ƳգһһȪˮݺᣬϵֻۣޱߵѹͿֲĽ⣬ǽɫĳ֮У
Сӣ㲻ϲҾ͵棬ɱ㣬Ȼͷ­ҵʱ۾úõĿš
䡭
ӵһ࣬ɱг·ǾĿʼ˿µĵâ
Ҿ㣡
뽣
ٴεıŷ
һ̣״
ͬһʱ䣬챦еҶҲǰ𾧡


895 ɽ֮
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ҶΪǸŶԷףԼ䱬Ĳȴ㹻ҶоԼĺʼѹ
һ˺ѵϢҶߣƺǷҶһ㣬ϵľۼۼ
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˼СĵĻԲ̲ס˵ģˣҪ˯ˣҪһ£Ҫ̫ע⣬Ϊǡ
Ҷգգ۾Ҷ̬ģ̫ʮѪѾľȻٴεĽ뵽˳˯״̬С
ҲѾܲܲӰÿε˹ؼʱװ
һΣȴƾҶεȥһǲˣȻһĳ˯ȥ
˵¥ǰƿ˿ռ֮Ⱒ޻ʲô
ҶڴĿһޣϷһĨЦݡ
ӵ˴ƽ֮ٴεһžҶ˵һĪĺ¡
ڴ֮Уһ־޴ĸӰشӰ޵ڿյĳ֡
֮УҶҲ漴¶ϲɫŰ˲ͼںϣһ̨ҲǺһ塣

ĺȵ
ϣ
ĿʼγһĲ
ɫӰӣ
·ǳƵվƿأ
䡭
һ֮Уܡ
һ޸·ǿһ㣬ն
Ϊ֮Ҽʶһɣ



899 ѪӵĴΣ
찵
ٲ
һƺת˲֮俪ʼıġ
һ׳ȵĹ֣Ҷ̲ס졣
Ⱒ֮ǿᣬѾҶԽľϲ̫Ŀ˵㡣
һ֮£Բǧ֮УȫֵķΧУһ֣㹻ĺͱɽӡİٱ໥⡭
૵
Ҳ¶Цݡ
˵䣬Ҷ˫ĿٴγһѾ˫Ŀ΢յİ޿˹ȥϵĿĺ˷ܺ
ʱ뿪ˣǱľշҾȻ˽ҽ챦ϴһΣ֪һϻɺεȵ̬
Ȼ˵Ϊǹ󣬵뵽С椾Ȼ׷ɱ׷ԼҶб൱Ĳˬ¡
΢ҶѾ߳Ű˲ͼڵѾղͬƺİٱҲԷĳ
ϣ
Ҳˮ׼𣿡
һɫӰ˸ʱĺӵ屻صĴ˳ȥ
ǱϴһĨмɫ˵
ղŵһһɱ˺ӵģǺȴƺè׽̬ԭĳġ
ýתصĽӵ˳ȥ
δóϵķУʹõȴҲ㹻úӺһġ
žžž
̶ѹʹ˴
ۣ
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ô𣿡
ĿźǺŤ˼£е˷Ѿ޷Ƶĳϡ
ָһ˷ܵĶźӺ
Сˡȿȿȡʲô
ӵﲻм˵

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һεֱӵĻ˳磬ȴãԼȭͷһȭĻȥ
ԭȻһ
ž
ƾȻһֲ˼ĽǶصץס˱ȭͷ
ʲô
޷ŵĿźӣ޷󣬴ʱȻԱ˾˵ȫĲܰ
۵Ŀ˺ӵѾܵĲϵĽǼȫĶϵˣԷôܻз
ҡ
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ĻӰչֳ
Цӵ
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һžȻûһֲĿ޻Ӱ
Ѿ˺ӵڵϿѪΡ
ʲô
һλ˴ŭҪȥŭ
ʦ𡭡ġ
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Ǻǡ䣬ɱȴһǰᣬǱʧ֮ˣǲĻĲֵܹͣģСǲȥһȫҪԷԼˡҲûôġ
ʥӵϴŵЦ˵
Ц֮Уȴʮ㡣
һλֳһȣǰĻ裬ϴޱϲ̬ϸϸĿȥ˫ȴøı䡣
ߣǻûȴһŭ⡣
ӰɣĻᱻɱġ
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һ㣬Ѿ˿Ըıģ
һ𾳵ǿߣһֻǸıȴҲܳ֡
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ˣްİϴһĨȻ˵
ԵǸӵĸҵĵӣΨһĵӣۿӿʼ۵ļ֤ŬǱԷĻҵԶ޷ԭԼġ
ҲҪˣ֮սĹأӲҪȴˣӡѪ֣񱩶аҺ׵ݣ
˼Ǵ˺Ӳɣ
ûɫЩʼı
ǷǱҪСһǱ״ﵽʲô̶ȣǵʸñĶĻǱҲڸֶεġ
𣿡
һԵĶľϴһ˿֮ɫĿŶԷһ

һȭֱӹһµ쭷磬˺ѳһصĵƤһƤﵽʮף
ôܣ
ħ̲סĺȵ
ʱ˵ע޲ǰθסˡ
ӵ建վֱͦȭͷȴû˵ɰڳһȭ̬ģǴȭͷ̬֮У㹻ĿԷʱʹõѾﵽߵĳ̶ȡ
ԭӦռλıȻһȭʮ׵ľ롣
һµȭӡڶԷǰɼָӡ·ǹ
ۡ
һѪȻӱ
䡭
еڴԭļž֮˹һ䳡Χ˿ʼ׷׵
ԭһѾʧȥսļһȻ˲֮гֽԷɳȥҺʲôʵǾĲΣⱧͨǿߣΪš
ﾹȻһĺӸˣԵѾ
¶һĨ
Ȼˣ뵽ǸղŵһȭֲֿǿĿϢ·һȭͷôĿֲôľ
֮ȴǴһ޷ݵĲпŭ⡣
ϣ
ɫڻﳤƺΪ˲ƽ
Сӡȿȿȡ΢֣㾹ȻҴңԭúõĺ棬ڡ湻ˣȥɣ
һ
ʣ
Ȼ˲֮˺ӵǰһƥâע֮еĽӵľӨȴſֲ˺ѣ
ܳһôˣ
ӣ׳գôܹڶأ
ӣϰɵ𣿡
ͰӶ㣬ܳΰ׳գע
ʱĵǺŶԷĳŰȻ·ɵһ㣬վһ
Դͳ
ǺǡۣѵҪƻزɣ
ʥӺͰħ¶˿˿Ц
ߡ
ûû˵ȴƺѾڰԵ׼
ɣǸŮҵˣǰ㱰΢ϿõģٹܺõĶԴǽĵģɣ
Ц͵ĺǺӵĶ߻졣
ǰ⣬ǰŰ¶һ˿ɫ
ԷʮһƦӡ
ӿȥԵѾΪղŵһȭߵ״̬
Ǿһ̣ǳ˶Էͷ­˲䣬ûҪֵһɲǣ
ӡȻˣ
𡭡
ŭ𣬳Ȼ˲ӳ˽Ÿ֮
ͷĳ֮Уֲֻ۾·Ұһ˵ǰǺεȵεȵľ˺Ϳ񱩣
𣡣
һ޴ĻӰںӵıʼĸ˳
ľ޴Ӱٴεĳ֣
Ѫôܣɱɱ
ħĺ
˵ⱧѾ׵ķ
еĳһһ㳯źӰ
ɣ
һԳԹ۾ùԲźӺ
ôǰѪôܣ
ħ૵ĵһ۾Ҳ˵Թ


900 
һʥǿգǳĹ켣
һ֣ʯ⡭
ɫĹâݻޱߵɱ⣬ĽȻ޷ħ񣡣
ϣ
ָչǷ黨Цָȴϸ΢·Ťһγ˿һϸС
ëŨܵ˼£һֻŭʨһ㡣
ʨӲ£ԷĿѾȫĿòٵĶֶ쵽Ϣǵʨӱ侲֮ɱ޷Ԥϡ
ӣ
һֻ侲ʨӣ
ָ·Ǵµ֣̬֮Уȴñɫʼ쳣
ɫĳȻ޷Ӻӵг

һŭ𣬷·緢һʼı
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濪ʼѳ֩ϸơ
һӺӵϿʼֲ֮µıȻڶԷɿֲ֮£ѸٵĳźĲ˺
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·һֲһ㣬ɫĹâϵںӵϹ
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εȵĸ߰ڿ˶ԷһԱ۾֮ȴ̲סĴһ¡
ѪΪʲôǰѪ
ĺ
֮У·ܵĪһ㣬⻺ĴϹ
˰Ľ⣬˵ɱµŰ֮ޱߵĿֲѹһеһƺһ̶ڶԷƿ£ķй˳
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һͲбڱĶ쳹Ȼǰħŭ
ħ㲻Լ˵̫Ͽ˵ڵĵӣö֮ĻɱŵĵӣѲɻڲɣ
۵Ľе
Χ೤ϺͻڵľյҲǴһ˿֮ɫ
ߺߡľСǵĵӣԶԣǵĹϵȴ޷ĺǵĹϵУǴѪһǿ֪
һʱ˵¶˾㵵ɫ
һֲĻӰǰԵϢޱߵѹʵĴž˵ơ
ѪСӵѪΪѪǴ֮ΪǿѪ
ħ˵
㾹ȻԵѪƾʲôһ΢СȻԾѪҲ
Ľе
ѪǴĴѪУȴ޷;Ѫһֱĸεܹܵס
𡭡
ŭ֮Уһ޴İ޻ӰͣһצӶ֮дצӰ
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ʱıԵĿʼһӶ˺ƿգ˿Ĳ顣
һȻĺͶԷצصĿһ
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ͳ˿ĺͺӵƣӵĿ񱩣һ˭İԵ֮
ʱĺȻ񱩣ȴʧȥǣԺ֮ڲϵĳ˼ڲϵת
ҵѪȻǴĴѪǱΪʲôûоѣѵΪŻ˵ĸӷߺ𣿡
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צӰٶʮ֮ڣΪ֮ѹһɫĳ
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Ǵļ£ϣڲҪ֣ľΣ
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⡭
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ѰĵӣǿԱǵǵѪ漰˸ӿֲĲϣȻǿᣬڱȴҲûа취ġ
ߡӣҵӵĺˣǵѪҪһУƺ̫Ե˵ɡ
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ȷʵˣǱѪѹǵĵӣǵ
һλߵ˵
ǺǡӣƺΪѰˡ
ħ΢΢һ
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٣
𾳵ǿʵʱʼչ
ռУȻǿеĶס
ԭѾײһ߶ʱǿеĴɣӵ屻ݺݵѹƵ˵ϡ
Ѫɣһ޴İ޻ŭ𣬶ԵûбѹƶٵĽĻȴȻĳ֡
顭
һĻԵڱֿ˲䣬ʩչ˿µѹ
ڼСӵĵӣҵҪһ£СΪʲôѪӦ֪ģСӵĵǱϵˣ֮ˣǴĸǿߡ
Ƿϵĵ
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ߡΪάѪĴܱմȾһӦúɡ
ħ㾿Ҫ˵ʲô
ľյ˵
Ȼɫƽһɿµȴĵ
оϢӿħɫһ䣬ʱǰĶľգһλ𾳾ǿߣ
һ޷ȥǵĿֲڡ
ΪСӵİѪ֣ҶȴһѪǿģǿǲҪǣǵѪֻΪǿ񱩵˼µĳ̶ȣǱ޸ãĲܵѪ
Ѫкܶ࣬ѵѪ֮Ͳ޸𣿡
ûЦ˵
ۣ̫ĬˣĵﱻϵĻǵѪȥѣĿ㹻׵ľӦҵ˼˰ɡ
ӡѪεģĵεıָģ
ĻָǱǸӵҪһλ𾳵ǿֲ߳ſƺõģȻҩҲǿԵģֻ㵤ҩҿɲΪڻһСĵָֻһԭڵĵӰɡǡͽ
ӵɫһ䡣
ʲô֤ݣǵѪѣ
û̲סе
СӵĸףǴһڼҵӣҲѪĴߣΪ˱֤ѪϵĴڷϵСӵĵ֮еʱıһԡ֣һ㹻֤Сӱǵ֮ˣ
ӡĵλָģ
ľյɫѾǵźӻŵӵĻڵεķã
һ˿ɱѾʼϿʼ˳


901 ֮
ޱվ
һܣЩˣƽĿȴĿ
СӣѪǿԲ׷ˣܹƺ㵤˿ǲ򵥰Ͼǲ𾳵ǿ߻ķԼʵΣֻеҩˣ²ûдĻҲΪⵤҩЧűѪң˭
һ˿̰Ӱħ˸
ĵҩȻҲھ֮Уȴĺܣܹ̽Ļ˵ȷʵһ顣
ӡ
ľյɫѾԽ
ľȻĿһۣϵľʹϵӿһɼ˺ۣš
һԵı쳣ıһӰƯ
һµ˺ۣĽ
ӡ㵹˵
û̲סе
ںӣһĸ飬ӵĺ˰
үү޻˵
Ӿǿ˵
㡭
Ǻǣû뵽õڵӾȻҲѳš
һ˿΢΢˸ľ˸һĨЦǰħ˵ħĻЩ
ħɫһ䣬һĨȻһţȴоһֿµɱ¾֮Ʋϡ
ǺǺǡ
Ц˼֮Լ͡
ӡеʱ䲻̣Ҳδٳ飬˵ˣա
˵˵
̲סĽе
׳գȻǷһ˵ʵô˵ǿᰡ
ǰ϶аŵĹһôܺͨǿ߶Կôʱ䰡ҽٶҲ̫ˡ
ͽڵĳ谡
裬ɱɱ
һͷŭ˷
ľȻվ
ӡ޻˵
ž
֮дһ͵˺ѡ
ľյ˫Ŀû˿ı飺
ڵÿһλӶܹԼţ
˵
Ҳδѣ
Ǿ˵ĵΪʲôᱻ޸Է˭
һλϴĽе
һ裬һŵĳ裡
ӡ˵ɣҿ԰ġ
ûһı֮ɫ˵
үү޻˵
ӵ˵
Ȼ˵ĻǾͲҪֱڳˡ
ľյĺȵ
ѵҪ
ûʱһĽе
ѻ֣֮
ĸֵĳ֣ʱǺӵ¶һĨš
ѻ֣֮һµʣҲ֮кʹõĹ֮һһʹñʩ֮˵һ˽᲻ڵı¶ڶԷǰ
ѻ֮𣿡
˵
Сʼұ֪ԼһͬˣΪ˿ȴΪŲ׵ȴΪԵʣ޷
ԭҪֵĶľջֹͣԼĶ
ʱ̨ϣһƬļž
ΪҵʣһֻܹԼĹϵ·һڴţÿҶúķѴʱΪʼյԼƾԼŬȡɹġ
˵ʱ򣬺ӵϴһĨЦ
ΪʵƽӹΪĵǲģԣܾ裬ܾЩνŵӣ洫ӵѹȣŵӶϲ۸ңܾĥѣƾʲôΪǷͿ𣿡
ӵϲѾˮ
ȻƽﶼһЦݣȻұſԳɹ̬ȻεҵʵҵŬһԻɵһ죬һƺǶԵøķ̣һδεʧ֮УҵҲʼڲϱ
ԭΪԼˣԭҳ˱΢Ĵ֮⣬Ҳû·ӿˣǡҵʦ𣡣
ľյɫʱʼһѿ
ӵĳѾڽʵʵĴһơ
ʦİҵĵ̵ָңҵ֮ĸգҲİ£ŻĸоԼһˣһΪҵʦҲſö֮վЩ˳֮Ϊǿߡ
ħľգһĶǸ߸ϵĲǿߣǺҵʦȽϣƨǸʲôǰʲôľΪ漰ǵ棬ǱҪʳұˡ
ľյ˵
ˣߡ
͡
һƿ֣ʮӰ֮Уִӿٵĳźӳ˹
֡ΪʲôҪ˵⻰𣿡
ӵͻȻ¶һĨЦݣ
ΪҲ֪ʦݵģ
˵ĺӵ徹ȻһµѪɫâ
䡭
ͻأѪ
Զ
ûͻȻĳǺӳȥ

ȻԼʦٵĳźߡ
ʦ𡭡ʱУòһˣһʸվǰηη̬Ⱳӡֵˣ±ӣΪǵӡ
ӵ૵ĵ
Ǳӵ˫Ŀһ᣺
ԲǿԵĻҶôҪ㲻ܵ۸
ĵ
ָӲ
һƬЦݣЦݡ
ͬʱңңԶһӰڷһ΢漴


902 񱩣
һУ
Ǽɢâ겨ľյϽסԽѿԼ֮оȻһ˴治֮
ŵѾ׵Ķˡ
Ѿ֪ͨλνʦˣ
ħﵭ˵̬ԼȴƺǴһֲʺ
ߡ
ľյĺһ
˭Ҳ֪֮֮УһӰĲ
ҵꡭˣ
Ҷ˫ĿԲ޷̬εȵԣ
ӡˣ
һĨӨ֮ȴԵı԰ռ˴󲿷ֵ𽥵ɢҶΪ˱֤ԼӵİȫŻݻһ֮
ڲ֮У˫ȴµâ
֮˲֮аΧסڣ
һеһоҶƿأϤӰԼĵ֮ͿѾı˳
һ
һλŭĶе
ʦ𡭡Ⱦ㣬Ⱦɡ
̲סĿʼе
ߡԶѾˣκεһöҩûа취ģҶԷҲɢĲˣȥΡ
û建Ĳ
ԼĵˣԼ޷ȥػԼӵĶӶԼǰȴ޷ػ
֮£գտʼ
ľյﵭ˵
еĲȻƽȴǴһֿµ졣
Ȼӵ澡ʧ
ߺߡ׵һйȻǹݰСӵѪǸƨӵŰѪȫĿԺҵݽпűŵ㣬ȴԶ޷ˡ
ǹڵŷεһ˿Цڱһš
䡭
ͻȻһһӰѾȻĳˡ
졭ô
ûĽе
ȴһ˿ԴģôȴҲ뿪
ʲôطȥ
ƺ˭ҲûпҶ쵽γġ
ӡӡ
Ҷͽ͵Ľš
ǺȴҶǰ˿ûϢ
֮еѪۣǵЦĺһ˿ʼϡ
΢֮УԭѾɢĲȴľۼ
һ˿˿ļҶϼⶼŤ˼¡
ΪҵʣһֻܹԼĹϵ·һڴţÿҶúķѴʱΪʼյԼƾԼŬȡɹġ
ԭΪԼˣԭҳ˱΢Ĵ֮⣬Ҳû·ӿˣǡҵʦ𣡣
ħľգһĶǸ߸ϵĲǿߣǺҵʦȽϣƨǸʲôǰʲôľΪ漰ǵ棬ǱҪʳұˡ
ԵŭǷЦݣԼĸмļҶͬһ㡣
ʦ𡭡ʱУòһˣһʸվǰηη̬Ⱳӡֵˣ±ӣΪĵӡ
䡭
Դ·һ̿ʼըһ㡣
Ҷ˶ڲ
졭Ҫˡ
ûĽе
ˡ֪ĵӸҴߣ
ִͻأ˸Ӱʼķ裬һûֱ۵̬Ҷץȥ
䡭
ͻأķ·һ׵쳹һ㣬ҶϾȻƥơ
΢΢Ķ˲סӵֱۣ
˦ӵһ˿걻Ҷǿоۼ
Ʒıǣ˦Ŀʼѩ
ӡ׳գΪʦôС𣿡
Ҷ૵ĵ
͡
ɺ쳹׵ı
¡¡
֮УһӰ˵ǰʼа
ѩɫĳ·ǿѩɣ
ɺ˫ǵ޶һľˣ
ü֮Уһڷ˸Ĺâ
㣡
ľյϴһ޷ŵɫ
׷ѪͫǸ׷ɱСӣһﾹȻ֮У
ǡȻұҵĵӣ
ǻԼִ֮ӣҶ˵
ۡ
һ͵˺֮Уǵһ㵵бҶ˲ûꡣ
ԲǿԵĻҶôҪ㲻ܵ۸
ҶԺٴεĳ˺ӵĻ漴ĿǱģ˫Ŀɺǹһ㡣
һﾹȻǺӵĵӣ
ÿֲư
ˣһﵨ֮Уһˣ
š
͡
ӰΧҶƲϡ
ϣ
һĳгҶУ
аħ
ӰСӣ̫ĵˣһȺˣʦѾٷˡ
źЦݵĺϣҶкݺݵһۣ֮Զ϶Ϊ˸ԼԼϽ뿪
ӡΪʦ죬أҲ㱨ģ
䡭
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͡
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ҶʵͨΪȴԺЩ𾳵ǿ໥ĶԿǶôµļһһôᣬҾ˵˵Ϊ׷ɱʱǲߡ
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904 ǳ
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Ͳ𾳵ھľȽϣԲһΡ
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ھѾõĻɲУһĲ֮𣬳Ҷ̥֮⣬˳֮еţԽȼϵĲࡣ
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ľյ˫Ŀһ˿΢΢ĲǰҶʵ̫Сˣνһţ֮еš
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ħĽе
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Ҷ꣬һеӿһ̣ǻ۷·ķһ㣬֤İ
ͬǳ֮ߣ
ѾȫĿʼǧķһеһУ
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΢΢Ȼջ޾ľ룬ȴһֻĸо
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ĵѹ֮·׷׵ĵף֮вϵĲǿ̧Դ֮ϣͬһꡣ
ϳľ͵ɫ
ǼҲˡ
ӵǿʵȴ˵ᣬھ֮࣬ȴ޾̰ôǰǰҶѾΪһĪıأһ԰ͻ;
ǵõСϵܣǶϵʵһְĪ棡
ҪħѣǶľҲѾоҶԽֲƣƲ֮УʱĿʼ衣
ʱڿշԾһƥɽһ㣬صѹȥϵȻۻӶ֮УһɫĹ⻪Ѿ⻪
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вٵ֮ˣƿǣʼĵĺܡ
ΪǿеĻ߰
Ҷ֮һգ״εĳΪƶеĽ㣬ǿֶҲע߱ħ֮
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ħѪ񱩣
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ӵҶɱ¾Ѿ˵Խ԰ˡ
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ճӦˣӿֻһżȻǺԵģԼλӣԼˣƺǲСĵĴ˶Էۡ
û˵ҲԼ
һǱڵʧߣǲȥȺӣҲγɽյأΰ
ȻǿᣬǶľȴڵʵҲǿƶг۶ѣһµĵˣʵĲǣ
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906 ׷ɱ
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һɶļһŮϴμʱʵǾʵѣһΪͼǾڶҵĳ̶ȣǵŮĵ߲ûκ˶ԷǸʱŮ㿪ʼˣȴû뵽ô̵ʱѣԷѾɳ̶ȡ
ľ˵
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ܹͨΪսʤնɱ˲𾳵ǿߣӵĲܡ
𾳵ǿʲôΪ
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910 꽣
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һļ俪ʼ˶ԷԴ֮С

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һϵĳУĴʱҪ׷ݵ֮ǰʷһʵĹųǡ
ʱĸıȴûһ˵˥ܣϵ֮Уϵڷչͽʱ֮УеľúʵҲԼĳΪƶеǡ
ҲƶٵĶǶѡ
۳֮вǾ÷ļˣӵĻҲ˲ٵĸ̺ǿϲѡ档
ȻǺͶ֮ĴҪʮھԪǮڲ˿ȴҲ㲻ʲôĴ֮ĶֶαԵõ
ʱ֮У۳ǵ˿ʼ𽥵
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һ·ϵҶûκ˵ע⣬ʱϵɱ¾֮΢΢ͷһ㣬˵ĿȥԸ
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ױĹ֪ģǷԲʮķΧвɶ䣬Ѳ㵱ǰ費ɣ
Ҷ˫Ŀɺ죬ĳߵʵһλ𾳵ĳ̶ȣһһλﵽ˲𾳶Ϊ
Ϊǿĺܵġ
ڶԷһֱֳеĻÿһλͨͼĳ̶ȣȴҲĺܡ
Ͼ𾳵ǿ޲һ


914 ҩˡ׵ۣ
ʨϵĵλȻܿ£
Ϊױ׳ԷĻ֮ɫʱһ䣬æ
ʨϣ鲢ױԸ⡣ǶԷ̫
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λˡʲôҪģ
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׵۴ˣ
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Ǽ˵»ʼѾˣűµҲϹżĵҩѡ
׼𣿡
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Ҳ߰ɡ


915 ˮ
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Ҷ֮һϤҩ֮ʱӭǸҩζںһ𣬶ʱҶ̲סıһ
ĺܣÿһҩϸϸı
Ҷ쿴ĺҩ֮⣬һЩڽԼƷڷ湩ѡ
ƺǿҶĺɫŮϴ΢Ц˵
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Щ㲻ʲôܣŮûжҶʲô
Ҷĵ˵ͷ
ĳ˺ٻ֮ˣǴ󲿷ֵĶһЩϵףЩߵϴŻɬǼȥҪϼһھͶ֮Ҷĺëʼ
ÿµļһ
аԵĽе
ֲֿĲǱľյʵҪֲ
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аԵľ
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ˣǸȤĻǲȥ˵һЩ̯ıﻹǲٵģżּ©ĿܣʱĻ˿νǴ׬һʡ
Ůӵ¶һĨЦ˵ԴƤĶ൱Ŀɰ
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ҶĿѸٵĴЩҩпЩ̯֮ˡ
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ͷԵĸоҶĳ֣һ൱˵
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˵ʲô̬Ȱ
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Ҫ˿Ϳ𣿡
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ͷȻһȴƺͬҶĻûȥ˵
Ҷ˫ĿǷһĨĹâϵЩƷѰš
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Ϊǿ϶Ҷûȥ۲ôʱ䡣
ǼҶڽ֮ϸϸĽԷÿһ翪ʼɨѲһ飬ȴɵûдӶԷϸо˿Ⲩ
һǺߵǿ϶̬ȴٴεҶЩ
⼸ҿˣһپԪ
Ҷ˵
һھԪ
ͷ˫Ŀһﲻݵ˵
ȿȿȡ
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Сӡעܾˣ㿴еֻˮɡ
ͷһֻб˹Ĺâ˵
ҡ
ҶҪ˵ͷȴЦ
ˮҴһϵĶҵģԵûбκӽȥ֮ȴֻһˮΪƿǸĺķʮڵľԪ˵ˮȻѡˣǾ͵һڣǹĻżȻȻѡˮҪķ۸񡣡
ҶЦ˵
ȷˮǸﲻɣǱĻҲó۰ɣ
ͷȻɵ˵
ûӾǲ֪
˫ĿȴٴεķһĨâ
ȴжϳһ飡


916 ᣡ
ϴ
Ҷ˫ĿƽĿŶԷ˵
Ƕ֮Եĸоһֿµҩ㣬Ǳҩ㶼ҪֲǶ˿϶Ĳ򵥣ԷԵһλҩеĸ֣ˮԺҩйϵ
Ҷһ
ƺҮûа취϶˰ɣ
ͷѵõһ죺
ˮоʮ꣬ȴû˿ն˵ֻƾõĻҲԵõСĺôҲпˮǶ˹Ժ˵ġ
ҶЩ
ֵܰһҪõ⣬һ˲õıа취⿪еš
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һھԪҶ༸յʱ䣬аտõҩȡһľԪȴԵûô࣬Ȼɱ¾ôĸ֮õıҲҾԪҲкܶ࣬ǼĻҲֻһǧĳ̶ȣһڵĳ̶ȻкôĲࡣ
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ǿ˫ĿŹâ̬ҶȻɵĵģȴҲ˲١
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ǲǴ˿Ŀ෴Ǵһ·ҶӦĻȥһ㡣
Ľ΢΢һȴû˺£̯Ҳ΢΢ķһĨЦ
ЦԵĲǶҶ췢ġ
𣿼Ը⻨ѴǮأʮļ۸Σ
׵۵ϴһĨ̬߰
ʮ
ҶΪŹֵĿŶԷ
ǺܿȴڰԵľһܹļ۸ҶȥᣬҪôеĵۣҪôǿˮļֵ
ҶȴΪԷһ۵ļһԵԭںߡ
ǰʮ۸Ӧÿ˰ɣ
׵۵Ϻǿ϶˵漴Լƣ˵
Ұѡ
Ѱ˿ܻ˸жĿǶҶ˵ԷǮǿҲıǴ̫ѡ

ΧĵʱѾΧۼ˲ٵˡ
ҶĻش֮󣬶ʱΧɫѾʼıٵѾʼ¶ͲмȻǶҶ첢á
ɫ˲俪ʼȴ
Ƶİ׵ۣ嶼ʼ̲סһĽӲ˵һ裬Ī裡
ͻȻıһɻ͵ĻһֲİɫӰ
Ѹ׵磡
һɿµĵ֮Ȼ˶Է·һ㣬ǿ̬ԽĿֲ
ԷĿҶƣ
ڤ䣡
ߣ
һУҶѾһĨɱ⣡
ɺ죬ϵָ֮ߡ
һצ
ʱѾҶ¯ĵزǸӵǿᡣ
֮֮˿Ĳһ
һʩչԷѸٵı
ϣ
ٵĦʼڿڷĽһ㡣

֮Ӱ׵۵﷢ϵĵ֮Ȼγʵʣϵںһָ֮צڡ
Ҷ˫Ŀɺ쿪ʼԽĿֲ
СС֮Ҳǰ
𡭡
ŭһһ쳹


917 

ͳĺ֮УҶֱȻ˳ȫĺͶԷصײһ
䡭
ֲײ𲻶ϣǴƣԼޱߵ˲ӿ׵۵ɫ䣬ֱϵжʱʼǴʱҶεܹᡣ
ֱۻӶ˿㣬Ѹ͵ĳȥ

վڰ׵۱λŭ
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ǧȭѾҪÿռ䶼Ҫһ㡣
䡭
֮֮֮Ŀ֮ˮ֮ǧ
ߵĽ˲ıƥ

λߵŭһӵѸ͡
ۡ
˺ѵĿ˳ƵıͿҶȭӰȻûһµĳŭ
ΧĿռ𶯣˲ظĲٵѾʼ׷׵ĳһ൹ȥ
ң
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ֵܡ׼÷Ѫɣ
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ռ˺ѵĲγɣâӡǵΰ裬˲䱻Ϊ˷顣

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ѩһֱ߰ĺܣȻΪ˿ȥ൱ˣʵȴҲ곡Ϸȴûκεһ˵˵Ӻ

촽֮Уѩǿеİסеһ˿˵


920 ĺڰ

Ҷظһ飬漴ٴεĳѩһۡ
֪Ϊʲôڿɺ֮ѩı̲סĿʼ

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ƺĺڰȨȵ⡭
һĴ˳


921 ʼ
椡ˣ
Ҷϴ˷ܵɫе
ǰӰ˸һԷŷɫεȵϤ
ǰ껹˭
ָ֮УϴһĨϧ
ūҵС˰ٴεļˣ
ʱİѾ̣֮иӵĶһֿµϢ·һµĴһ㡣
ūѾȫˣڵūҿŲѷɫʵŶ
촽֮лһζЦݣȻ̬֮Ҷ˵ĺ̲סĿʼ
΢΢һҶѾסǰŮˡ
ô֮尡Ѿﵽһǰδе۳̶ȣĺܡ
ٴεðһȴ׵ʧˡ
椡ˡ
Ҷϴһ˿Ĵ֮ɫ˵
ĵҶü֮Уһȴһ־Ķǵ
ֹ꣬Ѱ˿ȥġ
һ壬ǿ̬ӲҪ˵һȫİˡ
е̬֮޵С
Сʤ»飡
Ҷ΢΢һʱ

֮аҲʼ
ۻӶҶ˫Ѿס˰Ľȥ
䣬һʱĴɫʼӳȥ
εꡭ
쵰쵰쵰
ѩСвϵţϵŭֱڶûʧ
뵽ԼŮΪ˽ܵĵط˸ŭסĿʼøء
һ˿оȴвϵɣ
쵰Ȼᣡ
ǰԵϢаĲҲ˾Եӡ
ߡһΣܾô˵ġ
С΢֮Уѩ𽥵Ļָԭ̬
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һеԭҲΪ˵˸ߵȼ֮塣
֪ȴȥˡ
ÿÿ뵽Щ̲֮ס¶˻ں޲ѵı飬ѾڰҶһǸħܹ֮ɹ
֪ҾͰȵŰ˲ͼˣΪʲôҪ
дĿ
֮УҶ˫ֲϵĻ裬һµâӡǣӡǵĳ֣âǵ֮УʱĿʼγһŤת磬һſâСķĩ
ЩȫҶƸħ֮ĵвϡ
ѩȻҪ߷֣СֻĺݰԭֻҪɵġ
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ʱԽѾǿҵĸоԼ֮ƺǱ֮Ÿǿơ
̫žǿ߲ŻӵжԼľƿȨȴѾѷɫˡ
ÿÿ뵽ЩҶӵĸоԼġǺεȵǿᣬǱľϲ֪ԼвС鷳
ȵ֮ҲȥѰ콣ˣ
γһööҩ״øħ֮ģҶ˫ĿһĨĺâ
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ϾƵҩҲҪķѵ̫ĿֲˣˣҶҲʱδš
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ס˰裬Ҷᶨ˵
һ˲ϣʦӵģ
ԼСˣų㹻ðٻʧɫЦݡ


922 ڣ׵ۣ
ȻڿʼʱѾ֪εϿ϶ǲٵģǵҶ쿴ѹѹһƬ֮һﻹ̲סð
Ϣ޲ڱѹ쳣
̫ˣҲγ˼˵ĵزٵѾͷԼס塣
ģҲΪδϢѹֵĺܡ
еĵصλ۳Ĺ㳡㳡¥γ߰״̬Щ¥ֱͨ;
ȴ˶Խģûݣûеλûޣֻܹһλλǿ߰Ȼ߽ȥȴֻԿƵļȴǧ֮һ׸ҵĴŴ򿪡
ȻҲûҪͼ¥ǿеĽ룬¥ڴһλλĿƿ񱩵޷·һλλŭĿһվ
ΧӿôĿֲൽ˼£ǵȴɵ˿΢
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һλӴĽǷŭϴŲĲȻǱԷԼǰԽߺ
˼̫ˣҲ޷ϣûƣǲܷȥģǵĹ涨
һλӲ˵
ٵ¶˲мɫȻװBļһܲá
ǿ䰡䰡˵һĲƸˣѾﵽ˰ھԪĵزˣɵûʸݾ֮ͨǺεȸ߰ݰ
ǰھԪʲǶôֲȻҲûʸ񣬿ЩҲֻܹȥˡ
ɣһ׳ǰˡ
ʱ˷ǿӰĳȥΪ׵һλڸͷһɫۣһλһôӡ
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ǰͷôô಻ʵʵİ׳أ
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ʨһöϽɫݸҶ˵
Ĺâ·ǳǶһ㡣
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Ҷָ΢漴һѪѾУһâ˸һǧھԪҲǺȻС
ԭҶ컹ڵľԪ⣬ȴתۼΪһλڵĴ󻧣һЩϲǸȴһ־ȡ
пһóôľԪʵ̫Ŀ˵㣬ʨ治ɫӣȻһǧھԪδں
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üͷ֮УҶ찵Ե˼
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׵۵ĺһĶߵ˵
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ҩû˿飬һ˫Ŀ֮ȴɢĹâ·ҪΧĿռȫԼ˫Ŀһ㣺
֪ˣʱһֱڵԷȴû˿ļ¼ǽȴͽʨһһﲻ򵥣
ʦѵ˵ǾҪװ׵˷ѵǴ֮𣿡
׵۵̲סļе
ʲô
ҩ˫Ŀһŭ
ҵĶҵģ˭Ҳߣǲڽա
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ҪԸ𣿣
Ҷָ΢΢һһϢıҶ˻˫Ŀ֮ȴҲѾ¶һ˿侧Өɱ⡭

ǰĿռ΢΢һʱĹâȻĴɫʰ쵵Ĺâ֮УһӰȻҶǰ


923 ֮
ҶϢһ°ɣмʼ
Ҷ찲һ仪ķ֮ʨ˫ĿҶ˵
ͼˣȥæɣ
áԿȫףҶʲôҪȫĿмӼۣ
΢΢ĵ˵ͷ֮󣬱Ʒ

һƵڿ֮䵴
Ĳڿɢγϸ΢
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һ֮У޲Ǵž㵵ȻǶڽʨӵֺ൱˽͵ӡ
˵֮ʨϵ¶һĨԵã漴ٴ˵
յᣬ𣬶λӦƷȻᣬǾеģ˵λϲãǾͳɣ֮УλҲϷһӣĻ㲻ϷùϷҲ飡
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Ǽž̬Ҷ漴¶һ˿Ц⣬Ǿһ̣һȴٴδ
ʮڣ


924 ѹᣡ
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Ȼʮ֮Ҳвٵ˿óһӼӵʮڵȴ޽С
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ǽʨӵҲ̲ס¶һĨ㵵ɫ֮ȻȴҲ۸񰡡
һǲƴְ
аԵĸ̾һ˵Ҳһ¡

Ȼصٴεڶ쳹
ҶǴȥ

ڿνǲƴ֣ҲѰԼҪıȻǮδ⡣
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޷Ŀ´ڣ׹Ҳ߯׵˰ɣӲҪ˵ʲôˣҿܻܲȥ˵
ǰڰҶҪ

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ٴδҶﴫ
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ҶֵĸǮ֮ٴεĽ׹Ű˲ͼ֮УȻŶԷһ֮Ǳ綼ҪŨʮѸٵĻָ
岻ϵĿʼ׳ɫһʥ濪ʼʡ
ʱţҲϵݱҶĳ档
ԭ˵һ޶ԽǵãıԽ
Ѿγ˶ǧĳ̶ˡ
Ȼ˵޲ԺգʵȻµļһȴҲûµĳ̶ȡ
ԲٵҲѡԵȥɸѡһ֡

ٴε쳹һʨӵϴһĨϾɫĳ˵
λǵѹƷˣǧʥеõģʥλ֪ɣһɣǿݺĵطؼ޾챦ҲǱ׷ĵط
һ֮Уе޲ʼ¶˾̾ɫ
Ǵʥġ


925 ˫
е˲䣬ȫͣ
ռ䣬ǿжĲ֮⣬Ҳû

ͬ־Ϊʵһڿռ֮лص
ҶҲס¶֮ɫŽʨӣϵڴ֮ɫѷɫˡ
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ھ֮ʥ۷
Ҷ˵꣬õӴļ䣬Щ֮УȴʥϢȴٵĿ
ʥҲǴھ֮УȴҲһ¿ٵĿռ䡣
ֻʵ뵽̫žǿ߲Żʸ뵽Уҽʸ
˵ǾĺĲ֣˵ˡ׻ɷ洦ĿԼ
˵ʸ֮ΪԾľ磡
˵ǿ߿ֲ˼£
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̫žǿ߱㺱Ҽǽˣȴ˭ѡǿƵĿ֮ȥƣ
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ȴǱ㽫ʥϵնˣ෴ǣʥ֮˵롣
һֵıᱻ˴ʥ֮
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ЩƷȻ󲿷ֵĶǲƲȴǿı˵õʥµĿ¹㹦֮¶Էɾһ˵

һֿµ
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һصıпܴһµܴһ㹻ʵ񵤣ҲпܴؼǸпһʺ
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̲ס̾һ˵
ǵģô˵ʡ
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в鰡
оȻֲܹıҲ׳յģҵĻҲŲô׳յء
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ʱѾʼԼͼϧһеĵõе
ܹеıκεһ˶޷ӵġ
Ҷ˫ĿҲһĨǿҵĹâȻҲǺģԼڵľԪҲ޷ƿһġ

ԭǶ֮ɵһԵĴϲڵĻҳ˵
ȵı飬ǻĺܡ

ҶıΪŹֵ˵
ǰѵ˵㲻õһһĻеıˡ
һǰ׳աģ˵
ҵҪõҲҪ֪˼˿ǲͨûʵˣǿȥһεǿǰģһҲ֪еԵʣ˵ŻὫȥ
λļֵλҲ²ⲻˣΪάǲóģλʼɣ
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ΪģʱĿʼɢһƬĿյء
ҶʱҲĿ˶Էӡ
İСȻǲҪڸǵģһѪɫĳۣһͷĵɫԼԴƤ
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ҶüͷҲڰԵ𣬶ڵɷ֣Ҳ൱˽⣬ļ֮У˵ֲֻһεĳֹ
˵İСȴ˼£ȡһʥĹƾŹ˵ע⡣
漴Ǵģ׷ɱؼİ£δԽǿᡣ
Ϊʵ𽥵ǿᣬΪ˱׷ɱˣһɱԷļҲᱻ塣
Ѿ£ǧ֮ǰӲ˴Ѿ䣬ȴû뵽ԷȻ
Сӡܲ
ŸղŽгԼݵӣɷﵭ˵
Ǻߵʼˡ
һɷ˵Ǳˣһʱ䣬Էɫڿ֮УѾĳųڳȥ
û˳Ц¶˵Ǻɫ
ʮˣλҪ𣿡
ʨӵٴε쳹ȴЩмܲסˣɷʵ̫ĿЩ޷ȥӦˡ
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ٴεĳһӹд
֮Ľʨӣǿ¶һĨЦ⡣
Ҷüͷ΢΢һ֣
˺ͷᣬͷӿ㵽Ǻεȵݣ
ѱгɱϢ˵䣬СɵѾٵĳǹץȥ
ߣɷϹ֣𣿣
͵ĳ֣һε֮ȴһ˿ᣬ͸ղŵĴ֮ȽϣȻĲͬ
䡭
εľͻأıɷ˿δȴøӳ졣
˫𣡾Ȼǣ


926 ĳ
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ҶЩƺЩʣòһ˰ɡ
ȻΪ֣Ƶһµġ
ǺܿҶ仰˼
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ǽָĻһλһ뺷Ĵһλ޵Ůӡ
ǽںһ𣬺εȵĹ쳣
˫𡭡ǧǰڵƽ̣ǲǱ𣿡
һһ̲סľ
ۡ
ѪɣԷոյ£һԴȻ׵ľ룬͵˺ѡ
Ҷͫ׼Ҫ۳âһ㣬
Ǳɱ֮һλǿߡ
ҶҪҪԸҲҪķѲСֶΣ˫֣Ҷ쾹ȻԷټûз֣ԤƵĳ֣̫ˣ
ܹһģֻһԭ򡪡̫ž
һӦ̫žǿߣ

ԷȻʱҶѪ

Ҷ˶ԷΪʲô֮ˡ
Է壬һƽ̹ĺ죬һȴظʣǵһֻ൱ĸ
еĴŮޣںһ֮󣬳˿ֲֻжģ
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Ҫ𣿡
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λǰڻھᣡ
ʨӵ̲סĿЦ
һһﲻʵ̫ǿˣҶԷԵĴƥĲκһλǿ߶ǲͬģҲͱʾһĵȼ;Ѿ̫ͨţﵽ̫žĲΡ
ܡС͸ӣ
˫ǹٴεĴ
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ʨӰԵĲһϵĺˮһĿ³̶ȸȥֿģߵѹ֮£ûκηȨ
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ĳ֮Уһٴεĵ
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ӰȻڵƹ£ȴûһ˿ĹܹĶԷ塣
·ΧһйâԷ峹׵ɵһ㡣
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ЩԭĶӼȴԵĳ׷׵Ŀʼˡ
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ǧ򡭡
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һѾ޷ƵĿʼ
ҶüͷȴڴʱЩ
ԭҪûٵģڿƺѾûˡ
ת漴ĳ˻ڹۿʱҶѾٵ˸뿪ˡ
ȷڵļ۸Ѿһֲĳ̶ȣЩ˴ľǿְˣǵȥĻһûʸûȥᡣ
ЩϹʵǿľˣû
һ˶֮ʮа㹻оһʱˡ
ҶﰵԵ˵
Ǿڴʱɾ˵ȴԶӶ

Ľһ£Ҷɫ䣬ѸٵĽŰ˲ͼ֮УȴѸٵĳԶȥ
Ƹӿ񱩣Ǵɱû˿ڸǣǳҶġ
Բһģѵ˵ҵݱ֪˲ɣ
˼֮УҶȴߣѲ֮Уֲıȥ
ʮ߲ıǣ

˫볾ٶȾ֮УѸٵıһƤ
֪䣬һƬĿռѾҶǰ
տĺܣ洦ĿԿһĶѱСɭȻİ׹ǣԼ޾ĸϢ
͡
ݡ
ռ˺֮УӰѾǰĳҶǰ
˭
Ҷ˫Ŀĺâůⶼδ֣ѩƮ裬ɺϣƿºˡ
Ķ棬еһ˵ǿһˡ׵ۡ
ǶһҶûȤֻĬĬؿһˡ
һ֮УΪ֮ˣһɫĳۣסԴ
һĳ˽ɭȻֲ
ߣһؼ׵սʿĶҶ죬˫Ŀ֮зŵޱɱ⣬Ե߲ơ
˵ģҪǶ֮ģڿ㻹ǲԣȻˣҲֻõ㳤ԣϧǣҲһεĻˡ
˵䣬ӵָ΢ԭڶԷͷϵͷҲıժȡ
һʱ˳
ĳڴˣ֮ˣ̵뿪
ӻ˵


927 նɱǿᣡ죡
һʱ׵ۺߵҩһѿ
Է֮߰дһ˿мǶǵĲм
ҩǰ׵ۣ۳֮Ҳһ߹ȴûܹ˵ĶԴǡ
ĳšǺǣϷ²ĲӦñǾĳŵʮһͣ⽣֮ƳɹԽɣ
վڰ׵ߵҩ˵
ͷȻ֪ңԲ֮
ƺȫȴҶ죬ȴǽҶֱӵ֮Ҫε󶼲ҪķѶ˼һ㡣
ԽĻ֮Ҷȴ̲ס¶һĨЦʲôۣ
˵Խ֣˲ԽƺǸ߰Щˡ
Ϸ۳ҩ
ҩϴһĨİ˵
Խԭ߰¶һĨȣȻǶҩֻжŵġ
֮УʦҩʦԼһЩ޲߹ĺܡ
ҩ֮ˣԴҩԼϵΪӵĲҪ˵ǲǿΪȱҩȥѡڶԷߡ
ҩҲеٮٮߣ߲иػ
ĳһڲ׵ţ˵ƶ֮ǿ
ҪǶ֮𣬵ĿȴˣһһƷǼƷԭҵӰ׵ӵУ˵֮û˿ĳͻ
Ҫ֮𣡡
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ܺãǿԺ
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Խгǳ㽣ÿһ佣̲֮ǧɭȻɱ⡣
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ۡ
һֻ޴ȴ·սħսһ㣬ֱ˶Է赲һ˿ռ谭漴Խ㵵֮Уϳ½⣬ߵǻ⽴һ㡣
Ҷ΢ٵĽ˵ɽȥ
һƵѩ޷Զ
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ҩԹɫȻ壬˫΢ϵɱȴʼ̳ʵʣ
ҩֵˡ
߱ħ㵨ɱϷϷҩѱ£ǵҶһ£ĺ뱲Ӿ͵ֵ׷ɱ½ˣ
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ۡ
һȭȥɽһ㣬ȫĵӣԷ峹׵Ļһѷ
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ƻӶٵĽеɣеĴﱦҲȫӶһ飬˱ӡ
úݵֶΣϵɱ
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928 ̫žǿ
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ȫûκεףֵ̫ͻȻˣȻʱѾ΢һЩǴ󲿷ֵעǷΧ֮һҲδֹͣת
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꼱˵
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㡭ܵ𣿡
һ˹첨ȻĳҶĶߡ

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Ҷ΢΢һԼϵѪ˵
ˡ
˫Ŀ֮УֲĹâһţԪ¶һĨԣ
Сӣ԰˲СȤҵǺҪ֪ʵǲǺһǿᣡ
Ԫ΢΢һ漴ıаâ
һΣҵҪʶһ£Ƿֿܹס
ҶȻҲһĲ⣬ʵϣѾʼԵľ
ԷԿĹĵһλ̫žǿߣһСĵĻԼܻ䡣
ҺǺ棬㵽ΪʲôҪɱң֮ƺû˿ìܿԣӵûмɣ
ҶڱŷϻһʵĹâ
ߺߡȻҪ֪Ҿ͸㣬ס
Ԫʮ㣺
Ӧûǵúɣ
Ҷɫ΢û뵽ԷȻģһֵͷȴٴγ֣
ܵģӵ֣ƶֶҪµĸд
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929 ³⽣֮
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ŭ֮Уʮ񱩵ӿȥ
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εĻֻܹ֮Ҷ쾡ĻԼȭͷ
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Բ׵ķΧ֮У涼ڣֲ𶯷·ǹľһ㣬ϵĴΧһУҶɫ䲻ֹѸٵļӿԼĿٶȡ
ٶȵļǿǹѹҲʧȥ
쵰쵰
ѾʧȥټҶ죬ԪϷŤ
εȵ裬εȵķԪ˭
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޷ܣֱ޷ܣ
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̫žǿӦ㲻ϺǿӦҲǸոפ̫žΪˣԷڿ֮󣬺εȵľûа취ܣ˵ԷҲûһµɱﵣһ֮ȥʩչµĹ㹻öԷ׵䣡

Ҷüͷһ
ԷǿԶҿȥ󵽵ģǿĺܣȵȡ衭
ҶԺͻȻӿֳһμ䡣
֮𡭡ԭԽҪ֮ԭ򰡣⽣֮ܺã˷Ŀˣ
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930 ɣȥ
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ǰԳǵҲǴŰԳǿţ
ңң֮Ͽȥ·һֻ˲ħţһţǴ̴գϣ
Ͽ֮Уһ𵭵ĻӰ˸
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932 겻ɢ
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Сĵ㣬ɴˣȺԼǿĲǣһһȺǲСĿǻġ
һλȭͷ͵Ľһֻ޴Ĳǻɵӳе
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ŮһһСĲʮģűۣСǲʮ̬ǽ۵Ϸ·һλһĿɰ
ʱСסԼһԴ۾Եȴָͷ֮вʱĿǰǳѪеս
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СֵƺҲȥϻǵİɣһΣ
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ҶҲû˵漴ε˵
ط̫ï˵㣬·ˡ
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·ҲͬУ
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ŮһɫҶЩ֣ԷԼƺǲż˵ڶζѣ񵽵ǴӺζ
㣬һҪֻë׵Сһ
һĴ۾żȺĹâҡŶԷֱ˵
ζ
ӲõĽе
ڼҿˣſѣһζȥ䱸εܹƹѩ
Ŀʼء
̲סĽһһ֮Ҳһˮ
ţõģһģƾǵĹϵ뵽ϻǣһѩǵġ
Լ壬ΪҪĸϰߣ
һ˵
ǺǡСֵܣЦˣŮƽｿߵĺܣ
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Ǻǡޡ޷
ҶǿЦεһԷŭ֮»˹
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937 
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һˮĴ۾ʵҶЩΡ
ҿ𣿡
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ں˯СףҶ΢΢һЦ漴ĽСһֱӵÿ
ౡ
Сǽһŭ
ղŵ˯ú˵ȴҶˡ
ÿɰŶ
ССϴžϲɫ

ѪϲĴһĨ
Ҷֵ˵
ų޷
ǺǡСֵܼЦˣҵСŮʹŮΣ
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Ҷĵ˵ͷ漴ϸϸĿһѪȴֶԷƺǴһĨĵɫ
ֹâòƲǽķɫ
֮΢֮УȴѾϢڶԷѲһȦ
ƺԵĴһˣΪأҾԴңͻ֮Уǿеתɵġ
ԷĵȼͨһΪҶѾжϡ
ҲգȻȵңѾԵ֣ǽһԵҲһ¡
вһ˿ƽϡ
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ѪߵǰڷԸһѽҶק˹
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С㣬Ȼ֪ΪʲôڿֻΪĲ֮ƺûʲôìܰңΪҿˣʲôУ
һԾӨݺݵؿҶһۣԷⵥ壬ʵĿʲôͻĵط
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˵ҶĿѾע⵽˶ԷһԸʵϣ
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ΣԷˡ
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ǵĳ֣ҲһЩ˵˲١
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ڵҹɫ֮УȻĳһ񱩵ɱһĽѪķ裬ҹɫ˳
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һɿµľʹʱϴ̲סĲҽһеľ޽ٴεĻ衣
һ̫ݺύγһƬĽ֮ǺɫѪ޷ԷߣѾ׵ȼճΪޡ

״ηֽֿУ໥Ķ
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ʵѪҪһ㣬ȻűĿ񱩺ͶԷԿ൱ʧȥȻû˿ĶԿ洦

Ѫٴŭһ磬гڲסԷľ޽֮󣬸ĹעϵһһնȥţԷεĿֲȴҲ
ߡ
һ͵Ĵ·ըװѪĶ쳹
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ͬһ޴һ㣬ת֮ԹĽǶγĹâ
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мɫλ׳ӵϡ
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һʵֻҵһȼʵĲװҪСһ㡣
˵䣬ӵ¶һ˿Цݣ·һֻһĽƻЦдŵǵı顣
ȿȿȡ
ѪＱٵѪ

εϴű֮ɫĽе
ų
ӵ˽ĸΧһ
ǺǡŽӶŰ
ӵ¶һĨЦ漴ֱۻӶһѺõƣ
ҽһӶŵųԳΪ
Ǳ̬ʵŻ
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ŭǺСе
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С׺ͬĽһˮ۾ȴûκεĺ֮ɫ
ģ
¶һḬ̃ɫѲһȦ漴̰˵
ҳζ֮ͻϲֶĵġ
ǡȿȿȣڳԺڡѵ±Ӷ𣿡
ѪڵһѪĽе
ɱ֮˭֪أ
˿ûеǵ˵
ĿǾµϵ̰֮ɫӵͣ漴΢
ûҿǻûгԹôζĽûӻܲˡ
˵ģֵĶδı䣬ȴѾȻļ٣͵ĳ˵ǰһҪץˡ
һĶ̫ѸͣѾ뵽ͨڶΪεֹס
Ǿʱһȴ
˵ҹģ㲻˯Ҫ
һӲȴҲȻֹ


939 նɱ
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ȻʮףϴŽ䱸֮ɫĺȵ
ʱһ֮УһŰɫ۵Ӱ˳
˯ʣ·˯θѵ̬
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⵹Ϊ֣ڽ뵽Ű˲ͼ֮У
ΪӦԪ൱쳣㽫һѧϵ⿪ء
˭
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СֵܣҪϽӰѣ
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һһأһؾĲ㹻Ĳ
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Ҳóѵġ

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ԷֱӵĳǰԺ¶һĨЦݡ
Ц֮кεȵĹ죬ʱðԺоҵĲȴ̲סŭ
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ʱǽһŭͱź֮䣬Ѿǿееĳֱӳһһȥ
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Ǻǡųˣǲ𣿡
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𣿡
Ҷ˫Ŀ֮âһ˸
漴¶һĨζЦݣ
ҲһҪ鷳ϸˣ


940 鷳
磬Ŷ
ССϴ˷ܵɫ˵
ǳݵӾͲԼ˫Ŀ֮˸ӨСˡ
Ҷ̲סڶԷСԴ渧һѣЦ˵
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˵
ҪŬȵ֮󣬾ȥҶ磬ҶȢң

ҶһĴ͡
Ůôֱ

ѩһ˲¶˿ĵĴЦ
ԭٵ˻ΪҶһλܿµļһ߱ħ֮ɲʲô֡
ȴû̬෴Ҷͨƽ׽˵ĺܡ
һվϴһĨصĲƺ˼ʲôһ㡭
ϸ磬ˣ
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Ʒɣһ͵ľʱĽסѪޣˣȴڵȴδ⡣
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941 һ壡
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Է㲻ףɱ˵̬ʵѹССūͱ˵Ű裬ˣūεҲǿġ
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Ҷ뿪ıӰһλµūҲ֪鲻æĽԼӸ
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942 ǿߣ
һ֮ɭȻĺܣеūͣŮ֮жʼõӵĺܡ
˵˶ٴˣҪһζȥ߰£ǽһ֮ȻǿߣȴҲԳΪ޵У㵹ǺһζȥѲɵΪǽһ֮е޵𣿡
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ԵĴʱѾʢŭ֮С
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Ȼʦ𼴽֣ҲһУʦһεʵǣǶԷεǿᣬȴҲǵĶֵġ
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𾳡ھǿߣ


943 Ϲսɣ
ǰߴϸԷ䣬һļͬǸɺԵƤһ㣬ĳ֡
ͷϵĳû˿Σݰγɣ˫Ŀ֮Уȴ޷Сǵĺâϵ֣Ǵһɿµ˸ϡ
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Ƿ̬·ҪԼԭѹȫͷų
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945 
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İ׷·Ϊľһ㣬Ĵ֮²ϵĿ裬һɺ˸ŹĹâ
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946 ټ
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趯һγ˾޴ϲ֮֡
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ĸһöɫ׹һ̣һϢȴҶɫ
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һǲ뿪ģգȻ㲻ϲңȴϲ㣬ұ壬ⱲӶҵˣ㲻ҵˣҲҪҡ


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ҼС㶼˵˲ϲˣΪʲôҪ尡
ĹĵĽе
ԭſͷ֮ԼĹү»ΪкøеģڶԷåûԸʵǺøн͵͵ĳ̶ȡ
¡û뵽żʱûм棬ҲʼɳˣܺãʱһСһ𣬽ҵĶģմҵ¶֮ҲȰСҵġ
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ҪԼõŮˣȣǴʱȴҲ̲סЩڡ
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ľյŭȴҲԶԡ

ŭ֮ﴫеľ޽ȻĻӶһ㹻ŴɽϸĽȻѹ
ʱԭΧסĹӰĴɢ
˲֮УһĪǿеĹʩչ
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ͬʱңңʮ֮⣬ĵƿӰѾٵĦſռϵĲʼĸ


950 ׷ɱ
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ԭʵʵһƣȴû˵ϢС
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ܹģ۹ȻǲģȻ̫žǿߵǿʵǵʵ˵ղŵһƣǿʮȴҲܶġ
߱ħȻ뿪ˣ
Ķľ̲סһΣȻںҶ֮ĹϵȽϵΣܹһλǱǿǣϹϵȴҲһ¡
οĶľձҲԸҶ챻ץס
ƺһֺǹ뵽Ҷ֮ǰĻһĨ糺ɷľϡ
߱ħȻˣһ̫ˣֻͨΪ
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Ǵһǿ˵ɫȴһѿ
Է˵˵Լ˵ʵ̫
ĿһֻѾ𻵵۾Ȼ˸һĨӨĹâ˲Ĺâһš
ǵλ̫žǿʧ֮󣬴˵ȴĻ촷ۣƮ
һʱ䣬еˣ޲Լͣ
ܣ
ܣ
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ҶѾû뷨Ϊ̼֮Գ⽣֮ķҵƿ˵棬ӵ֮£ҿ϶ԼһᱻǼһĴġ
ģȺһȻΪҶģѵ˵Ԫ𣿡
뵽Լٶ⣬ҶٴεĽԼע˳⽣֮УԽΪǶ֮ŻԹ
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һں֮ϻķ棬ԵĿĳ̶ȡ
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뵽еҲ൱Ρ
ȵһҪһֺصҺ壬ֻҺŻһεں
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ӵ
̲סĵ˼֮У֮ȴҲûзǼӿǰ
ȻҶʵҪ񱩵ҪıǺ͸ֵĹУǲ𾳶˵û̫İˡ
̫žǿ߷Ƕʱڡ
뵽̫žǿӰҶ̲סĸоӵӵǶôذ
Сӡܵ𣿡
һȻĴ˳
Ҷɫ䣬һУһĪȻǧףѸٵĳҶץ˹ȥ
ҲһȺ̫žǿ۸һλͨСôֱ׳꣬Ҫսӱս
һķ֮УҶƿٵ趯ֱӵƵض


951 ޳ܵΧ
Ӱ裬ħѩ֮˿˿ľӨ֮зǴƥӿ
һɺ챩ǣҶָһ㣬Ѹٵĳȥ
Ȼָֻȴ
֮͡಻ĹעΪ֮֮ˮ֮໥ںϣգƥʧɫ
˫ѸٵĳŶԷ񱩵Ϯȥ

Ӱ˸֮УڿҶ֮󣬿ǵ¶һĨ֮ɫ
һĨŭ˸ϣһεĳѾ˱ղŸǿ
һ̫žǿߣȻŶԷһССͨ󱲣ûһ㶨ǴȥĻ˵һֺεȵ谡
һȥ
ռʱľ룬˲ĳҶӿ
͡
䡭
˫ͶԷĴѸٵײһ
Ҷɫ䣬Լ˫̬ȻԷһֱӵѹֻ΢һĨ
ȴûʵԵ˺
һԪСȺΪʲôҪң
Ҷĺ
ӡȭȭȭӡ죬˶ƣ
ĺȵȭͷ֮УһҶֱۿ񱩵Ĵ˳ȥ
Ű
һοǼ˶ƣʮı㹻ɱһλ𾳵ǿˡ
Է̫žǿߣҶȴҲ൱ţԷɵûа취һȭ
С˧磬㰮㡣
ЫŮЦһһֻ޹ǵ֣ȻĳǾ˵ŭץȡ
֮䣬ȴƺɲǼ仯ɫĹâ

һֺɫĴȻ˸аⱬ
ʱͬǾһöհ̬б
ˡ
ռѸٵ˺ѣһִճ֮ΧĿռӵһеı
ŭצѸٵıɡ
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ŭһǿâ˸Ȼ֮ȵɵˣˮ֮಻ԵĶԶԷĳѹԵЧ
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Ůӽһ֮У̲סĳźȥ
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˵ľЧ֮£ԷΪ̫žǿߣȴҲΪԵʣǿеĴ
ÿ񱩷һ

ʱĿںǺڰĴ໥Կ֮Ѿʧȥ˴󲿷ֵԲİɫצ˲ץȥ
ѰצȻסֻ֮һĪȴŸϢٵĳ֡
ⲡЫŮԵƣǱԷĸ֮ӿֲһʩչ֮ѸٵĽС
ǿԼǲ԰ɫģԵĳֵһѪۣǲ԰ɫϲɵ¶һĨ죺
ȻŪҡ
Ҷɫ΢΢һ䣬ʮıȻûκסǣԵȺһʵ̫˵㡣
Сһʵף
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ʲôˣΪʲôҪ׷ҡ
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漴ĶҶһĨâ˸
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΢΢Ŀһ
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ߺߡ˵ɡ
ԱɫҶٴεЦ
ǣҼǽȥˣǻŹֻҪҷų˵Уǻв֮˵ǴһʼûдŹң𣿡
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˰̫˲һ£Ҫ֪ͿȥȥҸܶġ
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һȭǴʵˣ㹻Ҷ쵱ޡ
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Ц޵ĽеͷʺɫĳһֻĴһа
СܵܣҪ㡣
ЫŮԹĽе
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ҶȻĦŶԷĽʼߡ
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䣡
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ɣСܵܣ
ЫŮЦһһֻƼƥĸϢҶԴ˹ȥ
͡
צĺܣɢı亮һռ䡣
飡
ٴεıУһĪʹ֮УҶɫѾһĲ԰ס
갡
̲סĽ
ĸ޳ܵļһһ֣ռķ϶谭סˣҶƴȥŬȴҲЩǿĺܡ
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ѵ˵Ҫ˲ɣ
ٴεǰһȭػѪ֮Ҷб߲ѵĺȵ
ҲģȻѾ˾磬ҾҪѰҵζڣҵŮˣһҪߵģ
һսȻķڲϡ
оҶսܵȼգ˵ɫ΢΢һ䣬ôĽҶ쾹Ȼûе£һＴǶЩˡ
ԵĲȥ
˼ǲÿڣȴҲѾ


952 硭۸
Ҷ̫ˡ
Ȼڵ˸оԼԻɱڵҶŶ󣬿ȥҲʮ˾̬ѡ
ٸأʮأ
޷Ŀֲʰ
뵽Щеɱ͸ӵĿֲ
ɱɱɱ
ȭ趯Ʒ⣬ӡ񣬳衣
һδε֮Уһֲķ濪ʼγɡ
ƥʱĿʼݻ
ƣ
ҶԵһڰȨȿʼ֣һȻĽ¿ʼȫ
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ڰԵɢĸľ㵡
䡭
šơֵĳ֣ʱĿʼ
ٵĲ֮УǺεȾ˵Ŀֲ
һƥĺڰȨȻ׵ĳȣʼ裬ݺ֮У֮ıݻٳΪ촷ۡ
ľѷ裬ʯĴѣڱŷ֮лΪ˵ķбŷϡ
˷·ƻ֮һ㣬ƻԽľ޴
ǺڰȨȵĻ֮УҶҲڵӳ˶Է˽˵ƿء
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ǵŭȵ
ҲһĲˬ֮ɫ
Ͼλ̫žǿߣôʱ仹ûи㶨ҶһССͨǵڰ
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ҲʱҶȴһĶ˸
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תӫ֮зӰѸٵ˸

͡
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ЫŮĽ΢΢ĲϣΪӽ˸оѹΪֲ
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Ǵŭ
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಻ϵ籩ŰԼ˰ӵʱŻļ
ǷԲʮķΧ֮ȴȫĴˣһжɺƻˡ
ֹͺͺϳ촷۵Ļ޷ԭһƬ֮ء
ҶĿŵµһУǿ񱩵ɣҶȴûǲüҪѷ֮ڲѲһС
һĳ֣ĵӰ
ĵӰ֮Ҷͫ׾ҵһ̲ס¶һĨ㵵ɫ
ԭûаҽ˳׵Ļɱǵǰ֮л̲סһ󾪺
չһƺ͸ղŵȽĲʮĳ̶ȡ
ǿݵƣǷ׵ĳԼһ˫˫Ŀ޲˵Ŵʱ仯ǺεȾ޴
ǵɱЫŮĿȻľȻеĺȴ൱ԡ
ŭˣ
ŭˣ
ʹ˽Լʵʮֹ
ǿĽҶĴƽֿסǴ۱ڵ̬ԺҪ޸ԭĳ̶ҲҪ겻ֹⱲӿҲˡ
Ԫ˵˸Ѿ޷ָˡ
Ҫɱ㣡
ĺ
ɱ
Ҳĺ
һΣǵˡ
ԿһССͨǱ̬Կ
Ҷһľ㵣ȺһﾹȻΪԵʣûˣһ˵ľˡ
Ǿڴʱһ˿Ĳǿ˵Զһŵ
оϢ֮ҶɫϲĽе
硭۸ң


953 
Ľ·һλίСڼԼĳ֮Թޡ
һʱ˵ɫĿʼ仯
ǰҶʵ˵ǿᣬǹ似ѾǶԼľѧͽⳤٳֵĻǸöôĿֲ
һֲڳ֡
Ħ֮УһӰѾˡ
ҶȴҲ¶һĨЦ
˲Ǳˣ׷ɱԪ
ҶĳƺԪıǽһడ
ð
аԵŭ
ԭֻǲһɿµ֮²Ÿֵġ
ȴû뵽֮ҶͬǼԼһ㣬Сһţһҵĳƺ磡
Ȼ֪ʲô飬ǿҶЦ̬ѾʼԵĽеá
ȻǿҶĽ֮ɫʼı仯
ȻڿʼʱǻɣڿԪһ̬֮󣬱Ѿȷˡ
ǿһǷŭԼΧҶԵʡ
ɱ
ŭȵ
ʱѾȫʢʱڵһ̶ȣڵҶĴƽ˲䣬嶼ʼˣоԪƥ֮󣬶Ȼѡȳˡ
Ȼ˵ȫʢʱڵһ룬ཻ֮Уͨ
һʩչ֮ƥĺܡ
ԪûеȵӦʱıоĸǿļһȵĳˡ
ã
̲סŭ
Ǵʱĸһŭ֮ʽǿ
ƥ֮Уӿ˲ıŷ

һǾӵתƥ
ѸٵĻһֵǽڡ
ϣ
һ󼱴ٵı֮УԷĽȫ谭סˡ
趯һ⻪˸˲һѾǰⳤĵףⳤĸ幭𣬷·һֻŭĿʦһ㡣

֮𣡣
͡
ĵһĿռ䣬γɵĵݺ۳ңһ˫Ǳ˿µа⡣
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Ѿ֮Ԫ嶼̲סڲ
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ģǸоǰһƺǱҶ컹Ҫ׶ԸһЩ
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ЫŮ˵
һԪǽһŭʱƺΪΣθӱʵ
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Ҷǵ̬Ԫ㶼ҪԼĳӻˣԼķըˡ
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ǵģʱԪѾ׵ķˣ˾ͬĸһ㣬ƾʩչľѧȴҲûа취ͻǵķߡ
ݺݵһ˳ڳԼ۵ЫŮһǾǿеͻ˵İΧ֮ȴ֣ҶϢѾʧӰˡ
оϮǿʱĿʼɫĿˣһͱ
һԿµ۾˸ž˵ɱ⣺
ǡˣ

ɱ


ʱҶѾĶԿʱ䣬ѸٵĻصϻ֮С
ʮڵľԪڴʱ˵Ѿ൱ˡ
λڳеش
ҶʱʱѾȥһӣȻҶ˵սҪһʱ䣬ǴʱȴѾܹͣˡ
ӿ֮УҶٶ֮Ѿϻ֮һ쭷硣
һֻϹٰһʧߣһʼһ
Ҷ˵ȴҲѾ¶εɫλ̫žǿߣԼľСƽδκǣһĶԿĻҶ컹һ˿ܣĸһĻҶȴûա
ǰﶼôʱˣȴһˮû̵
ػڴԵһλսʿ̲סĽе
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ڴʱһӰȴѸٵԶĳ̹оǹϢ֮ߵ϶ʱ¶һĨ˷ܵɫ
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Ҷ˫Ŀ΢΢˫Ŀðļһ˵
ͣ
ǸղŷŲսʿҪ˵ȴߵĻѾȫĲ
ϵı֮иǴһĨ޷ڸǵĵ֮ɫͬǿ˿µһ㡣
ιιι㵽ҪҪȥҪȥˡ
Ż쳣սʿ̲סĽе
һȴԷһ˻ȥϴű΢ЦݵĶҶ칧˵
ˣҪ͵ʲôط
Ҷüͷ΢΢һòƻûеطȥͻأüͷ
ĺÿ죡
漴Ķӵ˵
Զá
⴫˵󵽴ԷǶţҶƵĻӶʱʮڵľԪѾߡ
סԼߵսʿӿٵĽӡٴεĻӶһ˴˵
оԼ棬һڹ
ҶĿʼ
ͻأһ·һֲľһ㣬Ѹٵĳ񱩶
һ֮Уֲĵ˲濪ʼѣǧ׳ĵƺƵĳҶն˹
Ԫ
ŶԷ֮ɫҶȴ¶˵ɫ
װĸ磬ҪҰ
͡
һ⻪˸֮УҶѾȫʧˡ


954 㡭ɻ
쵰
ŭ֮ȻĴԪﴫըװŭĹעѾ쳹ϻǡ
ԱߵλսʿŤŵûϡ
˵һȥˣ
󡭡ˣҡҽ
λԭҪˮսʿ˵
ĸʲôţʣһﵽǴ͵
ղסսʿƺǵԵĴһЩ΢˵
󡭡ˣղ˴͵ʱõĴ͡ҪҵԷϢҪǵȺһµʱ䣬ֻһµʱǼ¼ŻͳƳ
һµʱ䣡
ԪҧгݵĽе
һµʱ㹻ҶĴ󼸰ٸˣεܹҵԷټ
΢ϣĺҪһ쵰ǺһʶȷʵǺʧݡ
ߡһ֮õĸͳƳĻܵĺǣҲĺܲҵġ
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ֱӵĵͷʱѾ׵û˵ֿ
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956 ӵ

һ׵ıʱĿռ֮ʣµֻһĴϢ
ܳСӣ㻹ϽܰѹҸоһɿĳ֣㾹Ȼ㾹ȻҲҡϽܰ
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Ҷԭ˺ںɫ˫ĿһŷԼȻڲ֪İռһŮˡ
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Ҷ̲סǰ̤漴˫Ŀű䣬˿ûκεصĿ߱˵

ߵɫ΢΢һһ˫ĿҲһ˿ĲҶ졣
ϵƿʼ񱩵ѹƶ

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Եŭ𣬶ȴҲʼ÷쳣


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½̫֮ˣԼҶһҹļ϶ʲôϵġ
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ʱĳȹһ˺˲٣ǡõҶ˫Ҳصİ˶ԷһԱ档
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ڲǰΪڵΧ֮УȻһӵɽɽ֮䱦٣ΪԼϵıΪȻȵõġ
ȴû뵽ʱ֮оȻͽˮԷΪԼռУɵͶӥڡ
ӥ֮ͨǿߺܶ࣬ɱΪɾ˲ΪڵĵѵıѣѾ֧顣
ؼʱ̣űնĽõ䱦һ˰ڵľԪ漴Ĵʣµĵӿٵ뿪ƶǵ˵ŵϴʥʯ֮ӥڵ˾ȻҲʮھԪһ·׷ɱ
Ϊ֮оʣ𣿡
Ҷ쳤һ˵
мʮˣѾ䰲˰ȫĵطʮڵľԪǴбȽǿĴ뿪ϣܹгһٴεؽΪڡ
˵ʱһɺ鿪ʼϡ
Ҷĵ˵ͷ
ܺáȻ˵ĻҲҪô鷳ˣµѡһɽΪΪڵĿʼɡ
ҶһȻ˵
⡭Щ̫ĶϷ˰ɣ֮Уǵﵽ˰ٸǵʵռݡ
뵽ҶʵȻ֣Լ⻰Щϻˡ
İɣѾԼĴ㡣
ҶЦⰻȻ
ڣ
ɶ֮һСš
ǶԷײг̶ȴԵǰéģڷԲķΧ֮Уеľν亦
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ҲôʱˣⷽԲﷶΧľߵߣӵӣʣµҲڲдš
㣬Ұɣˣˣ
һ۵Ĳҽ
ֻһλʮŮڷϣһ׳ȴЦıסԷһıŰ֮µĺܡ
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ǿŮʹӣӷԽĿȺͷ̯֮УѾѸٵŮȣЦķֿ
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˵䳤ǹ֣ʶ֮У׶Ӹ£ǳǹľ֮һŮýԷ׵˺ˡ
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ס֣
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͡
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ֶΣɱݽǿᣬλΪڵĵǽһѪڰ
ˣ
ֳǹǹ죬˿˿ɷ֮УҶһɺضӵ˵
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ӵĺܣڿΧһƬʬ֮ȴ̲ס¶˱ɫݺݵ˵
˭ƺûгްɣΪʲô޹ʵܵУնɱҵĵӡ
Ҷĵ˵ͷ
ܺãȻˣһоͺðˡȥˣ
ʲô
޷ŵĿҶĶԷ壬ǹһɱ޷ţԷɶ˵ɱ

˫Ŀɺ챩ǣǹȻ鲻ףȴҲûҶֲʵ
͡
ǹصû˶Էü֮У˲˺ѣ׵Ļ׵Ľ˶ԷԴ
Χĵ㵵ĿҶľٶǳǹ裬˵
ԺΪУ˭𣿡
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ϢӡϢ


977 ɽӡɽӡ
⼸յŹ൱ĳ̶Ⱥγһµģ̶̵ʮյʱ֮УѾڵһȫƿˡ
ţҶ൱ĿãȻ˵ֻһŵѣⷽʣȷʵһ顣
ַ棬Ҷѹ֮£ѾԭΪڵĵȫĿʼ뵽С
ʣµˣ󲿷ֵҲڵСӡ
Щԭݵ΢˸õĳͷ֮ȻؿʼѡΪڵĹϽ
ڵشһ޴ĸɽ֮ϣɽ忴ȥһֻ޴һ㣬ǧĹԴ࣬ӿγĻۡ
Ѿһ֮ˡ
һھڰ֮һɽϣҶԼһסĿޡ
νʥʯ𣿡
Ҷ˫Ŀ˵ĺ֮ɫöѰʯͷû˿İɫʯ
ӵϢŨǾʱͿռʴŻɹϢ
ʥʯ˵֮ǿֵĸо֮ǿѾΪ˴˵ʥʯƺҲû˶ٵô˰ɣҪ֮ǿģ
˵һŶԵıУҲ֮ǿеʥʯƵҪɣȻҫʯħ̫֮ˮ𡭡ıҲǿԴٽԷΪġ
ϸϸĴĦöʥʯһ˿©˽ȥʱһɿµ˺֮Ȼп񱩵ļ˳
Ҷ΢΢һʱһ˸ͬǿһҶѸٵļ侭
һ˿â֮У˵Ҷ춼о˿˿ĺ
Եʥʯ𣿾ȻһʯͷδĵѾڵĳ̶ȣ󵽣ĿԴΪô˵ĳ̶ȡ
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һĺۼ֮һ˿µĺ洫ʥʯ㾪˵ĳ̶ȣҶ쵹Щ⣬Ϊʲôӥڵ˻ѡõˡ
ӥڣǲô˵ġ
ҶѾӥļУֻҪлҶ첻ȥѰһԷ鷳

һҶѸٵĳȥ
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һ޴Ŀɽӡ磬·һǳ㣬شɢŹӺ˺ѵķǧһֻ޴ǰȫıѹ
Ҷɫ䣬˾˵Ĳ֮£ǱѹʵһᱻԷ˲ѹΪ˵ġ
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飡
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һ޴ɽ徹Ȼһֻ޴ӡ͵ѹΪޣ
ʼγɣһ޴иǻû֮У²ϣ׵ӣһѰ̬
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һһڼ쳣ȴҶͫ˲
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һֻѸٵչٵĻһֲӡ
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磬ôܻһĹ
ȫĲܵģ

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ơĶΣΣΣ
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չԣҶ塣
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޴ɽħɽصײһ𣬷ֲı֮߳ƹĶȥԲķΧɼһĲš
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㾹Ȼӡζ
ߵﵭ˵һ˿ɱȴʼøӿ񱩡
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΢֮УѸٵķž֮·Ҫس׵ѹ
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Ǹо̲вУ㹻׵ѹס
ʵ˵ڵȷʵףСС;ȻԺײһζˣѾ㹻԰ˣǺȽϣ̫Զˡ
ߵϴһĨ˿ûڸǶҶɱ⡣

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ҶʵҪȥսΨһ;ǿҶĲų⣬Ⱥ˵ʵԵĶѲ뵽̫žĲΡ
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飡
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֮һеĿռ䶼ĴƬ
ѺɣҶü֮Уһ˿µɺ죬ѪҺڱ
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㲻ǿϷҪǷԵֿסħ
ħ裬һȦȦߣЩƲۣԹģʽơ
ʵϣÿһĹ㣬޲γһ˵ѹ·һſŵĿҶ޷ֿĸо

Ҳû룬Ҷֱӵ½仮ȥ
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Ҳû뵽Ҷ쾹ȻѡܣղŵĶԿҶһֱڲϵսƴսȴҶ컹ǿܵġ
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һ˿˿ɱ⻪ɡ
ˡɽ֮󣡡
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ⳤ̵ɣҶ˲оһ˵ɱ¾֮ڳԼȥ
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һǴҶ壬Գ˫ȴҲûаտԳȥ
ˡ
һӳǧ׵ĳȣȻ˵УҪҶѹ
о˵ɱ⣬Ҷ΢΢һٶ⣬˫Ŀ׵磬ΧľɿĵˣǳԼľȴڲϼС
飡
һ΢ͻȻĴҶ춯Ҳ漴ųһ˿Ц⡭


979 ħ
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ͨ۷һ쵽ȫĲͬȻ㲻ʵĸı䣬ȴҲһοµķԾ
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һΪҪľѧеƥĺܡ
Ϊһδֻ֮ӡѾʧ˴룬ֻһӡҲʩչɽӡ
ԭҶǲܲìܵģκҶʩչıɽӡǳӡǡñ׼йӡ档
ǳӡƴɾԵĿصǳΪԼãǳƥѹһа
СӡܹӡǿԼ̡
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ɱ˸ңҪѪ측ҡ
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׳գɵƣһһǵΪСүһɵ𣿡
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ע˷Բ쳹ʡ
Ҵ˵ߣɫӵŭȵ
Ҫɱ㡣
б㵹ɱ
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Ӱһǰһ󣬸ǿϢɢʣ䣬׵·һ޵ʶʼصѲӣڸоµϢ֮ȴæջء
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ǰٶȿʼϵļǿ
ħ򣡾Ҫ𣿡
һƱյĿֲ棬ҶϻһĻߣ
Ǳ䣡


980 첨
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985 ʮ


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һԻƽɫĳ⽣֮
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״ߣЩ״ľÿһ㹻ձ͵Ľһ޺ۼ
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·һСĻƽɫâʱİΧסҶ壬ҶԴѾļ䡣
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˵۷ĺѵõ¶һ˿Цݣ
ѾһϢٺ٣ܿıѰģȥˡ
˵ĻûеȵҶ췴ӦԷѾѸٵĿʼգƿգâɢ

İ׳ɫ͵ĿʼΧҶΧʱҶŷ֣ΧѹͿֲıǺεȾˣԭԼǸоĳ̶ȻԼĳܷΧ֮УڿȫΪǵ۷ԵڰԼ
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ĿһצһϬ˫ڸΪʮʼԽľˡ
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ħʼشҶ壬ǴʱҶȴܣֱӵԼֱۣ͵ĵ档
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˵Ч֮£ߵֱӵıѹΪ촷ۡ

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ըףƽظ߸ߵըҶΪģ׵γһƬķ档
ǿıǶԷᵣİȫҶǿ϶Է˵ĳġ
ȻһɫӰȻĴӣѸٵĳҶץȥ
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͡

һŭڲһͻأ˸˺ɫĳâվֱҶиȥ


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ҶûκεԥԷĳѸٵĴɴɢ

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ҲоϢ֮ŻģѾ˵飬û뵽СʵĺЩƣֻǺĺܣһΪʲôҪѰСӡ
ϣţҽСӿƹ֪һˣСӽƻĺܣǿһҲֵĴݾߣһΣȴһĻᣬǲѷˡ
ɣһ飬֮󣬿Իȥˡ
ҹ֮ҵ˵

˵Ӱ˸ָֻ񽣽һ㣬ѸٵڶԷü֮һţۼҪ̴Ҷ壬Ǿһ̣ҹ֮ҵɫȴ
áӣ
ӵõ𡪡
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ͬһ޴ɽ׵ĴһΣһŭ֮ʱԭȶҶȴͻȻıƥ͵ĽԲǧ׵Ŀռ䳹׵ըˡ
ۡ
һѪӿҹӸ޷ֿסһξҵıƣ̼Ȼˡ
ҹ
˦֮ҹ֮ҵ̲סŭһŤѸڿռдȥ
ĳ䣬ȥȻۣʵȴ㹻ʯѽЧ
ۡ
һӰ˸ҹ֮ҵ˫ĿһĿ񱩣ùԲѪıһѾĶ̴ļǡ
׷ƮɺĿŶԷҶ쾹Ȼ֪ʱı
ǵصҹӸ޷ŵĿһУǸѾڼ֮УǸ֮һҹ֮ҾȻ˲䱻ɱˣ
ʮĶơʮ㹻ˣ
һ˸Ҷü֮У⻪֮Ӥ֮ڶȴ˲ƿ˶Է壬һŽâʼȥ
ʮ̶ֲȣ
ɱ


992 ұ
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Լ걻ʵŭɴ˳֣ҹ֮ҵڲдڲٴεɢ
ǲɱңǲѰңһжԵ÷ƽ˾ǲǵʱȴʹңⲻʲô
Ҷ¶һĨⷺųЦ
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ҪɱңҪɱңʵ޹ģֻǷ°
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ǵģǵģǱ֤㣡
ҹӴİʱ˵İһˣڼ֮У̫žǿߣЩӵ̫žǿߣεȵĺ¹˭
İ
˫ĿͷʱԹĹâȴԵ൱ŨԷȻ֮Ե൱ϣȴѾԵ¶˾ҪҶ졣
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Ҷ϶Լжǲġ
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ͻأĽŲ΢΢ֹͣȥ
Ҳ¶һĨɷ
ԭˣҹ֮ңȻҹʦ𣬶ҹӵĳҲȫΪ˻ɱԼҹ䵽Ǵʲô
ԼѾ뿪˲ɽׯΪʲôҹ仹ҪɱԼΪʲô
ĬĬ˼֮УԺȴɵøֳһĻ
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ӰаԵ˸ϣĿʼͷ˼֡
溡
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Ҷҿ϶ԼϲԷϲǷĵģǵΪԷĻΪԷ
ԷѾһˣܹǲɽׯ֮нһΪɽׯ֮˵Ķ飬һѾ൱ľˡ

뵽ԷڿԼǶĵ֮УҶ̲ס³һĳȥ
į̬ʵ޷Ȼ
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һĿһ޴Ľ¶ЦݣһŷϣһϸС˫ĿŬùԲŹĺܡ
һԻ͵Ľ̶С۾ѾڿʼתﵽŶٵıѾȡ
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ȴٴεĳ֮Ѿٵİһλū͵Ĳϡ

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993 ߵϷ
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һ翪ʼͻأı˲֮ѾΧĿռ䲼ԭģĿռ֮УƺǱһ̬һĳѸٵıɢ顣
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ǰҺܺðİɣ˶ޣǴѡ˺ҶԿȻҪնɱǣȻҲûиϾɱЩͨ˺޹ˣҶˣ㲻Ҫ
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ҶϵöԷ֮еһ֣Ϊ棬һа˼µļһ

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Сӡ
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ڵķ˲ԾϷҲ̲סĴ
͡
˵ĽȻĳҶߡ
ܹʮߵĽʮߵĽÿһ·
֮ɭȻ·Ƕȥصһ˫
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ָ΢΢һҶﵭЦ
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͡
һĽݺ˫һصĻӰ֮УǸߴ׵ĻӰǵϽɭȻ


994 صĹ

ĲҽȻĿʼֻһ˵Ķ棬һƬƬĲ֫ʼķ衣
Ĳ֮֫£Ѫ졣
û˿谭û˿顣
ҶȻޱĿһ˵䣬ȴҲڰԾһ
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˵ȥֻҪʹõȷ㹻һټų׵Ļġ
뵽Щ֮ҶסĿʼĳһۣһλȫھӵӾԼƨɣ̬
ʱĿԼߣһѶɢⱦı
쵰ȥ
ϷڵĻܲסŭ漴ĶҶŭ
ŭ֮ռʱĿʼλ
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˵ұ䣬˵һĪĥԼߵЩսʿǾһĪ˺ˡ
ЩսʿÿһλǾѡͶϵĵҩʱν޷ģҶǺֻ˶ͣ˲Ļɱһսʿεܹס
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ۼԼ˱͵Ļɱĳ̶ȣϷĲҽ
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赽ǴҪʲôұȻȴҲûǵɣ㵽Ǵô죿ѵҪϾɱɣ
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ͻأĿʼı䡣
һֻ޴ɣѸٵ˷Բ׵ķΧ
һֻް԰ƣ·ɣһֲľˣ

һ֣ȴ޾š
ߡƣ
ﲻмĺȵ
һץˣһǷɿͱ𣡣


995 
죡
ӵת֮£ǧﾡıһֺֻ͸ס֮һеĲľǽ޲һֵֻѹ±޵촷ۡ
·ֻƾһƻĴһ㡣
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𾳵ҲڶԷǰ㲻ʲôǵȫļӳֵʮ屶ĳ̶֮㹻Ľضͱơ
ңң֮УԲǧķΧ֮Уǿ̲סĿʼԼԴ֮ϡ
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ŭڵĴ֮ˣԵǸճ֣Ҷλò֪öԶȴû뵽ҶʵȻǿᵽ̶ϡ

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һ趯һ㹻ĲһĪѹ˿˿·չ֣·ķһ㣬һ壬Īѹ֣ռ䶼̲סʼ仯Ϊ͵һ㣬˺϶
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µĳĬ
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999 ǧһ
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촽ݣҡҷ֮ˣ˸˵Ĺʣ֮Уһɫĳȹڸƺûɢ˿Ȼ෴Ǳͱ̬֮Уȴ㹻κεһ˴пʼо޾ķ
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1001 һ
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ں
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Ǵʱȴû˻ȥĻʲôɽׯʲôС㣬ҹսһǰƨ
ԭҹݣʱ˶Է֮ﻹܹŹǧѷĺûᰡ
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ǰκκΰ˶ԿѻʯҪҪð
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˵Żɱ۷ǿߵļ¼
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ѵĿռڲ໥Ľ顢ѹںϣ˽ɫ״ŶԷ忪ʼӶ

оǿռǿоѹ֮Ǻλɱ¾˫Ŀ絶ӵвϵز俴Цһ㡣

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Ҷüͷ΢΢һ岻ϵ֮УֻһĿ޴Ѿ˵ߡ
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ʥ֣֮޷ҵǰɱˣ
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Ҫɱˡû˿谭ң


1003 㻹ܼ
Ѫɣ֫·һĪķ̣Ŀ޷ŵıõĴдա
ԷղŻڼӵһΪʥֵ֮ĹűҶ죬ȴҶ쵱ԼĽԷ׵ѹǺεȵĴ
ŭڴʱڵ̲סı
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ŭ֮ıŷѸٵĴ˰ǿգ
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޷ܣ


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ƿʼγɣǿ߿ʼסҶ죡
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1006 鶾
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СӣôĽҸǱһһһλСΨһһҴˣҷģһĶԴģ㣬Ǻйϵˣûһ˿ӳҵơ

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ȴ·ǿ׳һĿһʱˣ˭ô԰
ɷǣ˵ߵʻһ㡣
Ŀһҹ䣬ǰôῴһأ
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ҹĦ޷ŵĿҶ죬޷ţԼôᱻһСܣ

ǹѪĽٴεĴ
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ŭҶ徹ȻԷǿеķ˻ȥ
ʱҹĦ͵ıԭҪֹ
ת˽
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ʮ֮ʼĲӰ֮УҶȫӶԷٴһȭȭĿʼŹԷ
ÿһȭ㹻һɽÿһȭ㹻һĿռѺۡ
䡭
ȭͷ֮УҶⲿصĻ˶ԷԴϣѪɽȻҪȴ㹻˵Էĸ

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˫ۻ·ǻһɽһ㣬ݺݵĳŶԷ忪ʼѹȥ
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ҪɱңɱңҲȥġ
ҶһЦĻš
鶾鶾
ҹĽе
塭
Ҷı鿪ʼø䣡


1007 ڰ̳
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վߵļλߵ̲ס¶˷ŭɫ
ǣΧǿҲ׷׵¶˲мɫǶҹӡ
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һָѪҺͶҩƶɵľ˷ӡ
˵㶾ˣһָ֮ʾǱɵģ
ǵ˵ĻǾԵĲᱻ˺µġ
鶾Ŀ֮Ŵ
һһ㶾֮ԺĺֶأһֿԵֶΣҲһ䡣
ҩҩɾȣҵǺ̫壬ԭֻҪŮ˹ԹԵĺϴһжԺɵĽģ鶾εǿ󣬵ֻҪƷӵĸ¶鶾Ȼƣ
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ըףһµʨͷǰſͣʵʰĿֲѹֺͲƵĲʼѸٵĦſռϵıԵϵߡ
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˦߰ȻվʣµһǿٵĴҶƮȻ뿪
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ѩ˵Ĳ԰ף·ǲѩһĳֱ˵Ϣ
ȻûоҶȴԸоĳһֿµľɵ顣
һĪĳζпʼĵ
С㣬Ҫ̫ˣҶû뵽顣ȫΪҹ̫ļթˣҲû뵽ԷǵɽׯʲôԽ
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ȥҩݼһ¡
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޾ĺڰ
ҶԼ˫ĿȴԼ·Ǳĳֿµ׵Ľһ㣬˿Ķá
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һĪļ̳ڻƮĺɫɫۺ졢ɫȵɫڲϵУôоһ̳ʲô
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һ֮Ҷɫɵ΢䣬ĺ
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1008 Ҫ
ҶȫĲİȻֻһΣȴԵĿӡ̡
ǰƶǱڵ챦֮ʱҶٻ˺ڰȨȡ
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ȵıԼٻһλ˲
һֻ㹻ĽǾ޴׵ѹﵽĿ¼һ
ԷԭҪԼɱģΪⸯ֮ѡ
ȻδĿԷݣҶȴǿϴļסһ۾
һ˫۾
̰ŰԵռС񡭡ĸУ󵽾һ˫۾ȴ԰֮ľ˲
㹻Ҷһ൱µѹָС
ǲǺְһصĹڽҴ֮Ϊʲô
аĺܣ·ǵһ㣬˵䣬ԲһֽĦЧ
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1009 

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һİȴ˿˿ϲú͵ǵĸо
оʼľۼγһĸо
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ĸо֮£ҶֻоԼ嶼Ҫըˡ
һаϢѸٵĿʼߣ·Ҷȥж屧סĽĸоҶŤżٵĺ֮УĽĴиҶΪ֮
Ҫ

ԴʱҶᡣ
С֮УǻȵСѾӥźţǿӲڲϴŶԷС
ָоεȵĳ졣

Ľ֮УҶĴѾ𽥵ĿʼԲλĦ֮У˼µĸо㹻κεһΪ֮ġ
ǶôΣ֮дǿҵĵԣʱҶ˫Ŀ֮˿˿ĺҫɫĹâƺԽǿ
֮УľƺǺⸯ֮ʼչĳǿҵĶԿǺڰԵıⸯֲ֧֮ϵĿʼɢҶȫ֮Уֳڷ̼Ҷԡ
оء
溵ϲϵĸ̽УѰ̽ʤ֮УָѾʼչ

ĽͬΪǿҵĴҩһ㡣
ĸоЩѳֲס溵֮ҶӴ̼ĺܡ
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ص뷨һֱ溵ƣһ̣Ҷȴ΢΢һֱӵĸ

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ɫɫɫɫɫ

ϵҶʹ֮¾Ȼĳֶľ硣
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ǵٴεĴ⾳֮˳֮һǿҵĦȴСɢ
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ǰת建Ķ


1010 ǿ
Ϣꡭ
ϢϵĴ߳ԹĽʱѾĻָƿ״̬
໥һҶ컳ﱧ溣ָǲϵڶԷĽϸţʱĵƤڶԷе֮£ǵüһĽ߳ɬ
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˵Ƥ㱡ĺܣܹزѾѵˡ
΢΢һ㱻ӣ㹻ҶѪڵβĿʼǿɶķ׳˼¡
վĻǵֿסǰ龰Ҷѡ˱

˫ٴδﵽ˼¡
ʲôۣˣյʱУҶ溲ϵĲ࣬Ҫﵽʳĵز
𣿡
ҶЦĶʵ
ûĸԼΣϴһ˿ŭ
˵ءССͿȥʵĺܣʵϹô࣬˼Ҷˣ㻹һġ
˵֮ٴεֳһ˿糺졣
һֱǹؾص뵽Ǹ˵ĵطô뵽ԼȻ֪߳ܵȥȡָоɬ
˵ǲǹ˺ܶŮߣ
ͻȻ溷Ӧ˹һݺݵضҶе

㹻ҶЩӦ
ӷŲٰɣ
ٴĺߵ
ٺٺ١⡭ʵĺã
Ҷʵûзȥش
ߡ
ݺݵغһĽֻҶһ˵ıӰ
ıס溣Ҷ첻ĽԼ棬˿˿ķ㿪ʼ˫Ŀ૵
һҶúõػǣܵһ˺
溵Ľ΢΢һ
ͻȻʱһ󼱴ٵĽŲ
溶ҳˣˣ
ȻϢʱʼչֳ֮£ǧĹԿʼ
һ޴һ㿪ʼ߳峯ȥ
˭
Ҷɫ䡣
˾ȻϢɽׯҲ̫΢˵ɡ
趯ҶѾ·Ѹٵĳ˳ȥ

̲סĽе¶һĨŹֵɫ
Ҷȴûпֱӱ߳ȥ
溶ʲôң
һλͷҵӹЦĳ˽
ĺܣѱһͲʲô࣬ȻҶĵһо
ѾԼŮˣԷٶư

һȭӶһȦȦܿʼɢϣ˲ӿ֮УȭͷΪģһ״ٵŤϳŶԷ忪ʼΧƹȥ
˭
ȫû뵽Ҷ쾹Ȼ¶˽䱸֮ɫʵ
ү
ɵĽеȭͷӶǿᣬѸٵһƤ
üһ溶㻹ݲа
һ㶣漴¶˿ĵЦݡ
һŴѸٵĻ裬·Ȱ̬趯֮Уڿռ֮еһص쭷硣
¶һ˿Ĳм֮ɫ
ȻǶҶʵ㿴á
䡭
ߵĿֲ֮Ѿʼƶӵȴ¶һĨ㵵ɫ
ǿҵĴ͸ȻԼĽѸٵĳԼƲĽȥ
ĺð
ʱѾǿеײȥһĿռ֮С
һɫڷ費ϣӲܣѸٵŭһֻһĺϲ

ǽɫȻڶԷбǿд궯ΪһɫĹ

оԼϴ˿˿ʹһ˿쿪ʼɡ
üĵ֮ۿʼ
Էʵ޷ӵıҶ춴ˡ
ʱҶʵѾﵽ˲𾳵ڰΪƵļӳҲ뵽ʮεĵزʮ˱ԵĿһС
̫žΪ
Ľе
Ҷоȸӵǿҡ
һμôǿ̫žǿߡ
ȭȭӡ죡
Ťޱߡ

߲ʮ趯
͡
飡
һȭӶһΰӡȭֱӼӳֵʮ˱
ʮλ𾳵ڰΪǿߵĺһ㹻Ļһ㣬â˸Ҷ컯һλս̬
ָ֮Ϊһ
εĲӰһǷ·һ۴ն˹ȥ
ȫû뵽ҶıоȻôѸ٣ǿޣ;ıԼתҲɿµĺοǸоҶľȫȥġ
ܻ
âѸٵĲ棡
䡭
ʼ뵤ڷķй
â֮
䡭
âȻŭ֮пٵ˸ϣ໥Ľϵһ
ǳԴ
䡭


1011 
Ҷı࣡
һﲻ֪ӺδҿԲκεһˣһλǿߡ
ҴԼĹ۲֮УȫĿԿĳԷ̫žΪǽʵʵġ
᳤磬һǿᣬվȲÿһεľﵽͨ˫ĵز
һϢ̫ǿ˵㡣
¡¡
濪ʼһ޴Ĳ·һµ쭷һǿ
ߵĽγɵЧһγ֮Ī㹻ĲٵصЧ
ȻֻǴһѣȴ㹻ĻĲɽׯ
Ҷɫ䣬ԷɫҲˣȻһ㡣
衭
ӵĺȵ
Ȼһλ̫ħһ㣬İΧסһը󱳺Ĳչ޴˸ϣȻĽۼʼȫİ

Էֱۻ裬ȻĽӵ˿С
ϵİ쳣ͣħϢӵŨ
䡭
֮Ȼըѳһµķ϶ɫ޹â˸ϣһǿѷǴǧĺɫâ˸
ͬһ޴ŻŻ
Ǳߵ׻֮ĿնɵĿ±仯ɫĹâǺڶ֮Ť
պͼȡ
Сӡǵıƴ㹻Ľﳹ׵ĻҲϣﱻٵɣ
ҶϵĴ߶ʮ˱ѹĿռ俪ʼŤ
ʲôõĽ𣿡
ҶԸʵȫû뵽һﾹȻ˵һȻٻ
ð
ﵭЦ
ڿգϵķ裬֮ռ䱻˺ѳһĺۼ
ֲ˺
һµСӣ
Է˵˵Ӷ׷ȥ
Ҫ
Ƿߵһ̣Ҳ˳ȴû˵껰ѾߵӰ
ǧҪ°
Ц˵
䡭
ըϣһӿһɽ
γɵ촷ۿʼ費ϡ
صһС
Ӱķչ֮С
飡
ֲ쭷Ȼһ漴ٵķſ㶯֮ٴӿĻѺۡ
͡
Ȼ̤һΣٵĦҶ建ͣ
ʮ˱ʵӳ֣ʱҶҪĵĳ̶ȴﵽ¡
΢΢ֱͦȻվڰɫĻӶǴһɿµڻıŷ
һɺ컺絶һ˫Ŀضǰӡ
ŵĳ۽ѾʼЩ飬¶ļ֮д˿˿Ľâ·һµһ
ѱ̬εһ˫Ҳ˶Ҷ壬ϵķ֮ɫεһɫĻӶ
Ķ֮УȴҲڰԾ˴˵ʵ
Ҷµ֮򣬴ﵽʮ˱ʵӳ֣һ˴ȥ֮󶼿ܲɱʮ֮ļӳ£ٶȸǴﵽһ̬ĵز
ڻ򵽶Է֮󣬵õЧȴ൱΢ġ
ᱻһĻһķ֮
̫žΪǿߣһѾǸϹＶĳ̶ˡ
Ҷȴ֪ȣԷȴӵľȣ˵ʵϲഫǿ֮¡
ھεĴ֮ʵǱǵһ˵۷壬ǰСȴԼ൱оԷȭͷڴԼϵ˲䣬״Ĵ͸㹻ԼһİľʹС
Сӣ򵥣
аԵ˼
ϵĲ²⵽ʲô˻ǿֶܹ̳˳ɫǿӣԼЩνǿߺҶǰֱǸƨ
͡
趯һ˿âӵ˫Ŀ֮У
Сӣò˵ʵǿ󣬵ЩȴԳΪʤʱ㲻ҵĶ֣ɣ
ҶĿǰ֮ˣм˵
ԼһսʤҿǸоȽϻ˺ܶడ
žžž
֮һ˸˲ȼǻһ㣬͵ɢ˼˲סԼ塣
һ޴ĻⷽԲʮķΧ֮һĻ滯һƬĻ𺣡
˸ϣٴεչ
ʮ׵ĴҶ俪ʼչӶ֮УһްĿˡ
ž֮쳹ÿһεĳַǽһռޣþõ޷ƽͻָ
Ҷ˫Ŀ絶ȴһɱ
СΪʲô֮ĳأ
ЩԼʲôطҶ죬ڸоһ˵ɱ⻯಻ʼı֮ʱȴҲڰԵľȲѡ
ССͱѾôǿɱ⣬ɲѰ˿ӵеġ
ԪתħǾ
ҶÿεĽгһŹϵƱڿֲ쳣׳֡
󣬸γһĿֲ
֮򡭡ʮΡ
𣡣
䣬֮ƺһֲ
͡
ûеȵӷӦҶѾѸٵĳ˹
֮಻ľ˾˵˺
Ҷ˫ۻ˳һ㣬Ĳ˿Ĳ
˫
ҶѾ⣬Ȼ޷ϸԷɶٵ˺ֻܹͶԷнⲫս
˫ԼǿᣬҶ컹Ϊźܴŵġ
絶
һʩչ˫֮Уݺ̬£ɱ
죬ѵأ
Ĺâ֯һγһεĴһÿһϵı־һ㱻סЧǾ˵Ŀֲ
ȼĲǺε죬ԷĦȼʵȴĳ̶ȡ
Ȼ²ⲻҶ⣬ȻԷ˹Ҳѡ־ܡ
һչȥǿҵצһľһʩչ֮Ѿ仯Ϊһ̬

ǴܵϢ
ǾڶԷƼҪסҶ˲䣬һĪȴҶϷ˳
ǿһǹ𣿡
㵵ı˲֣ǴʱҶȴһ˿ʱ䡣
ȥƼĪת
䡭
֮ѸٵıС
ߡ
һȭǶôĿ£Ҷ޷ģǴӶԷıȴԿĳһһȭúء
¡¡
һĲҶ˫ȭӰ
ӵɫ䣬ʱ֪ǰҶǺεȵᰡһ֮ƽ
ǿµ֮£˿ķܡ
ˣƣԼոյĳؾһСֱԿ
áүˡ
һȻĴֻǲܼ㵵ĿǰһУ޷վе
һĳ鴤
溸ŭŭĽ

ҶĶȻֹ㵵ĿǰһԷŭͨ˫Ŀ

ظ֡


1012 սͼ¼
ռһأ
˵ϱҲǺԭһɬ͵˼¡
ֻͲܿƵڳ鴤ҲҶ졣
溵ĳƺ֮˵ʼˡ

ֻҪɵӿ¶е˼ġ
ҶȴԸϣʡ
Լδ˸ˣ
ڿӵ
ǰѾ׵ĴͷƺǱͷҪ֡
ֻ˿˿ŭ𲻶ϴ˫Ŀб
λϵıǹŹֵĿһˣܼҸһﰡ
ԭߵļԿ൱ƽģȴû뵽ȻͿӵΡ
ԼׯͷӣסĿһҶ죬һֻǹݰ
溶޹ġ
Ҷһ޹İ
溵жʱһǿԼһͷӣеŭٴε
ߡ޹޹Ͱҵͷ
Ȼ˵ܺЦȴ޷ЦΧļλߵǽһưԵڰԵĳ鴤ϡ
ȿȿȡ˰ɣ溶СҲ֪ҵݣӦýҵ˲ɽׯĵ˰ɡ
ӿЦ˵ֻһͷôôıŤ
죬ɽׯˣԵѡչأұչ֮ʮ꣬溲ʮʱѡ˱չء
ֱڲųأ˼ŮеȻѡɿĳѰ溣ȴû뵽һʼ㱻Ҷһٱ
뵽Լܵԩεܹˣ뵽Ҷʵ֮ŭ֮ȴҲ൱ľȡ
һʵֱǷడһενһĴ̫ž뵽˵죬ٶȼҲüʮ겻ɡ
ȴֻ˶ݵʱɹˣ
Ҳò˵Էʺǿ£Ծˡ
лˡ
Ҷ켱æĳȴĽе
ߡ
ݺݵغһ֮˫ĿûĿһۣȻ˵ԭȴҲôͿԭµģһǰԼһٰ
ȵȡϷʲô
ͻȻ뵽Ҷĳƺ
˰
Ҷһ޹˵
ûĸһһȭ
һ־֮УһҲصɽׯ֮УʱһɫĳۣҲˡ
һԵø
ղŵ̬ȽϿνˡ
û뵽ô̵ʱУȻô顣
˲ܼҵ̲֮סĿʼһ̾
溶ʱˡ

Ȼ˵ƽװһ˪ӣʵеĿȴǺ֪ģҪһ˸ԼԼ֧֣ڱ󲻶ϵ֧Լ
޲ޣһˣԺͲȥչˣ˲ˣñСӿǵЦ
ң
溰ԵĽе
ԭȽϣȻǿ˺ܶ࣬ƺΪĳ֣˶ʼ˷ɣ
СǰԵӣȫȻûԭںԼʱĵ̬ҶϲԷʵӡ
ҹս塭һ塭û뵽廹дŷּҡ
Ľеһ˿˿ŭ⿪ʼ
Ȼ뵽ԼŮȻǸҹռ˱ˣеŭ㿪ʼɡ

ԴǵĿ졣
İɣȻȥܴģĶ֮ȴһԼǲܹ֮ǿߵģСȫаȥӦҹսһļһ
Ц˵һ˫ĿĿֲâ޾İ
ǵΣ컹û¹˭ء
뺷̬ʵľ쳣
Ҷ죬ٴε˼
ҲգӿĻԵˣСӣ
⻰Ҷ΢΢һ
ׯѵҪ
ܼҵɫ΢΢һ䣬ƺǲ²⵽˼
ҲҹǧټƵҪõ溶Ե֮һĻԷҲѡǲɽׯ
쵭˵

Щǵ˵
İɣ۹⣬Сӡ
˵ʱ̲סٴεĿҶһ۲Ż˵
СȻô֪ϰףҸоĳһ׵ļһ
Ҷ̲סһԡ
ɣ
˵Ѿ˳ȥ
ɽׯʵСһ·ϣҶһֱţϵĿΧĻ
Լ˰ӵʱ֮ҶɫȴȻһ䡣
ô
̲סĽ
ԼȻڲ֪ߵһİĻ֮С
һİĿռڡ
ǾȰɣ
¶һĨ֮ɫЦ
ܾȣȷʵܾȣ
ҶԼʵ൱֮ӿӴ󲿷ֵĻþ󷨡
ȻһֵĹ󣬶һ󣡡
Ĵžȵе
󣿡
иӵ
һֿµĹΪһڿʼʱǲγɵģֻǰĽ󷨵ĺĴãһ߽ȥĲڲ֪Ľݻĳ̶ȣ㹻ͨ飬Ҳ֮Ϊֻû뵽Ȼһ󡣡
ǲɽׯİˣׯˣĻ˽ֻ
ԴЦ
ܹСӳԱʵһ鰡
ҪԼˣΪĻֻһΣƿضٶԼĻԵСˡ
˵ʱϺ¶ɫ˵䳤˦һǧŰٰʮһӡȻѸٵĴȥ
ϡ
ŵһĲðΧϢʼı
ں
·ݰĲ쳹
սͼ¼
쳹


1013 ս
¡¡
ѣλǳȻҶǰ
ЩǳĹǴǧʵʵǳ֮
Ǻӵתջò⣬˼µĲ֮УһƺһɲǵʱȫĳҶǰ
ҶȴⲢ棬һֵ档
գޱߵǿĴ֮ȴҲΪȥճ׵ݻ
֮ب޵У
ǶԷݻ˾˵ֶȴѾ
ҵһλͨǿߣ
ﻺ˵
ͨѵ˵Ǵͨǿߣ
Ҷ̲סľ
ǵ˵ĻɽׯҲ̫ǿ˵㡣
СʹȫһΣ۷ʵǴΪҶĲ²⣬㹻ŴͨΪ
ǲɽׯλڿҲˡ
һݻ֮󣬴ЦƮȻ뿪漴뿪Ҳûг֣ĺﴴ˲ɽׯ漴ػ
ǳʼݻ
ٴε˵
ÿʮſԿһΣһ֮ҲԴˣʮ֮ҲΪʲôҹսҹҪõԭ֮һˡ
Ҷĵ˵ͷ
ԼɣطѾ˺ܶΣȴ٣µĶȴԲ˵ļ򵥣ֻȴûа취ȥƿء
뵽Щ֮Ҳ̲ס¶һĨεɫ
ԼΪԷĺˣȴ޷ڵıأȷʵһε顣
Ҷĵͷ漴ȶ
ǳ˫ǳϵݻǳĻǳ֮ȴҲûĸı䡣
ͷ·ĳ룬ȴֻܹԷĸıȥȴû˿ıӡ
΢΢ĴĿҶ쾲ؿЩǳĸı䡣
ǳĻƺǻһ·һʼıҶԺ֮С
Ȼֻ֮һĳ̶ȣȴҶ΢
ߣѵ˵ҪЩߵγ𣿡
ǵ˵ĻЦɾͿˡ
ڲɽׯׯû뵽ʵ̫ӵ˵㣬쵽˼¡
ݻȻֻһ֣ǺССһ֣ȴҲﵽ˼µĳ̶ȡ
Ѱ֮Ҫȥݻе·ҪķѵʱҲǿµ˼µġ
γɵģô·εȵķӣλׯȻ뷨ȴоʵʣⲻȥﵽģȻҲʹ˵Ĵķ濪ʼѰҡ
Ҷȴһӵų߱ǿ֮֮
ֲ֮Ȼ㲻ǿ󣬵ȴҲ㹻Ľ볬׵ĵز
˲֮Уָо֮Ҷ쿪ʼĽ֮ƿء
ſԽתԽѸ٣Է·𽥵ĿʼҶ𽥵ļ¼
·ϵĻһĹߣЩߵγ֮УٴεĲ뵽ĳ־˵ĸı䣬·һСߣ֮һ·ƺǸо˶ԷĴڣ漴·Ƕѻķ϶һ㣬ҵϵ㣬ٵһ
֮ʼ仯Ϊһص
ʱҲһδεпʼȻȥ
͡
һӰʼͻأ˺ա
һӰ֮ͣУӰĳ˿ռ֮С
һӰ֮У޾Ľ֮ŭεԡ
һλһֻɫĵӣɫĳ΢翪ʼ쪵졣
ˣ
ŭ⣬̬޲ȥɱȥ
ߡԪ׷ɱһССͨΪ޾ȻҪķôõʱ䣬ʦŶô㣬ȴһδεĹʦŵϣһΣõĲҪʧ֣ûôʰ㡣
ѵߵ˵
ԪȻһֱ׷ɱҶԪʱ˿ûԭֵȻ
ڵõǰӵѵ֮ȴ¶˿磬෴ǸСģǶǰӼɵĺܡ
ǣʦֽѵǡһλ鷳ʦֳ֣ʵεĺܡ
ߡ֪ãһܹҲһ飬˵ǲɽׯĴС˫ǵˣұ㽫ΪС檣һҲһĺ¡
ǰǰʦţܹܵĶ裬Ů޵õĸ֣ԷεĵзԵĿܣʦֵ֮󣬻ѹ·ȥĶ衣

ЦʱĴﱬ
ȻԪ˵Ͽɣǵ̬εȵԡ
ȴŰɣè׽ϷϲģȴСӳ֮ȥ׷ڱţúõƻСһ߼ţûм˹С
һ߳˫Ӱ˻ĵ̬Ȼ
Էϵһɾ˵بϢ·Եʴδ̬
Ҳһλ̫žǿߣبźͻߵϢԪǿ
Ԫϴžϲɫ
ʦֳԿɹ
ڵǸ߰ͷ­˲䣬˫ĿȴǴһֿµĺ⡣
䡭
յƥʼͼһ·һӰ˸ͣ
˲֮УӰ
ڵĽ㶨ˡ
׷ѩҶ컹˭
һе·ڱȫһ
˲֮УҶѾȲĿʼۿһ·ɵļ塣
ǡ
ǰһֲͼϲʼ䡣
һͼûֻһ
ֲĻ
һƬǳ֮Ļ಻ϵĳʮ½ͨص̬
γɵͼȴֻһ
һս
ֲľս
ֻµȻվڱһƽɫս
ս֮ϣһӰ֣ųϢһԿֲĻƽɫͫȴ·Ǵſµ˺Ϣһ㡣
ֻһ
Ҷ̲סĽе
ķ˺ܳʱںϳͼѵΪһ
ҶεȵĲġ
ӵǲɽׯһ֮ͨ󣬾Բֻܻһġ
ȵȡս
ҶͻȻһ
½֮Ҳõһս
ս
һֱԼŰ˲ͼûʹùʹ֮УҶȻĽսͶ
սնʱγԭľ޴̬
ɫս·ӭԼĵ㾲ظڿУսֲֻĻӰϵת²ѹƱˡ
ǿոı䲻֮УҶԺ֮Уһ˸˾˵ĲֻµŭǺλҶȴҲ¶һĨϲɫ
ԭ˰ǶԷıشаɣսԦ֮ңս˳һ
ȻԾս֮ϣ
𡭡
Īѹʱչѹ漴ʼء


1014 ٴεͻ
ھ֮ϣԦս
ȣ֮
Ҷ˫ĿȻϴſµϣ΢֮Уʱսһ磬ѸٵĿʼǰ
䡭
Ժ֮УһµĻٴθ֡
սԦ֮˳һﵽ޵еľ磬ԼıɽӡǳӡƺһսԦӵԣԭԭ˰ɽׯ֮Ի漰ص·ǲԼĺֻ̫һսһƿأԵĿ߳ݺᡣ
ɱһǶ¡
Ԧ֮ԼսϲǿһֿµĹֶΡ
¡¡
һ׵硢ݺᱬ˲Ĵ˵յ
ʼγһµĺۼǿա

ս߳壬ȻռѸٵ֮С
֮
Ԧ֮ٴβսֲֻŭ޾ԪѸٵı
žžž
֮ϵĸͨ㹦ʼ˸Եǿ֮ת˲֮ҶžѾʼ
֫·ǲƳĵ̫һ㣬ɵٶȱԭֹǿǧٱĵزһʹ֮У֮Ŀռ䶼̲סڲ
¶һĨϲɫڽ뵽̫žڰ֮ƺǸоһ˿̫ŵϢ
֮У޾ŤϣзǾۼһµ˸
һʵʰĹȫĽҶС
˫ĿɺĹԣƲϡ
ڣ
ĺȵ
𡭡
ֻ⥷ŭ￪ʼ۳ǿ󲨶ѸٵΧ˿˿ơ
˿ŷ·С̫һĹâ۲ϡ
ǰ˿ſµա
ʹ֮вʼչ֡
Ԧ֮ٴεչ֡
䡭
ռ֮һ˿µɬ
ȥ֮֮
һĹɽǿеĴĩ̾γޱߵѹһ̫ħŭ̬
þ˵ֶΣһλ̫žǿߣǽ̶ȴҲɱ
Ҷϴ˷ܵɫЦ
սĻһɫĹâ뵽Ҷ֮С
ԭսûЧǼԦ֮֮Ҷս˽ĳ̶Ѿ뵽ĳʵʵĳ̶ȡ
ʱܣҶ쾹ȻȵķԼѾ֪߳·̡
ٶȵı̶̬ȿˣǼԦսܻ׷ϵˣʱ˿԰ҵ׷ٺͶӵġ
˵ǶսҶҲʼú
սͿ֮֮жǺĺܡ
ѵҲǹűɣ
²֮УҶٴڿգʼչֳ
ԴԴϵϱ
ʱ˴Ҫһйھɽׯľ뻹ܳǡһûᣬ㹻ԼȥϵĻڵǿԴһǿҵĴЧ
͡
ռ䵴֮УҶȫſ
˻һ硣
߲Ǳֹ
һʵնǿգǵһ
֮У֣ȴûдҶһ˿һ˺
žžž
֮ϵĽڱľϢҶɫһϲá
־˵Ĳ֮УǸоϵĸı䡣
Ч̫ǿˣǴΧڸı䡣
׵
Ҷŭ𣬶ʱ֮Ȼĳֵɫƶ䣬Ƭƶ·ħһ
Ҷһָо˲𾳵ھľ硣
ڳ˵һ뵽һһ뷨ǶҶ˵ȴ˿ûѹ
㹻ᡣ
¡¡
׵衣
׵֮Ϊʥ֮һеףǿµڴԼ֤Ρ
׵֮ǿȴڶԷĿ񱩣޷İסеƵʣҲûǧĺܱܿԷĻΪ촷۵ġ
Ϊ֮
ĺȵ
䡭
һ׵һСɽĳ̶ȣ˲ûҶ壬Ͽȥͷ·һ׵һ㾪ˡ
ת˲֮䣬Ҷ׵ȴƾյɢҶ챾˸ûκε˺ͷ·һ׵ûдһ
Ĵһ
аһϲá

׵ٴεľۼ
·֮׵֮жȹ
׵֮Ҷ͵Ļһһ㣬Խھ֮ϡ
ÿһļ⣬ԭйٴεߡ
ڽǿߵ֮ҪĳɳÿһεͻƱҪķѴ
һҶεȳ棬ǰֻ޴ɹĴ󲿷ֵ֮С
ڵľʼ۳˲䣬ҶڵĸоԼϲһǿ󵽼޵˺ѸС
ͻơ
͡
һ͵ſȻնһա
һĪϿʼ
𾳵ھΪȻٴεͻ˹
ϴϲõɫҶԼһͻƣ
𾳵ھ죬ֻҪǽ뵽̫žΪ֮ұƿص̫̫֮֮κһҪ
ͷɢնѨ૵˵
ǸղŸо̫֮ĶѨ
ȻֻǼȡһѣҶȴ·ᵽҰèһ㣬޷԰Ρ
ȴ֪ԼоǺε죬̫žǿܹ֮о̫֮˶һ
˫Ŀâ˸˫Ŀ絶ͫ
֮ƺƵչֳͻأľʱӰ֮Ĺ۲֮С
Ƿһ˿â
Ԫ㾹Ȼ׷𣿡
Ӱ˸Ȼת˲ʮ֮⡭


1015 ֮Ѫ
ɿµϢ·ҼʶһһſµıﵮˡҪȡЩǿ߻ûг֮ǰһȵõ
Ӱһǰһչٵ״̬ϵĴ򣬽ΧĿռһµĿռ籩
֮ռѿķ϶µ˼¡
ߵĺȵϵ̰ıҲݱ䵽˼ޡ
ǵģʦֵʵأңЩ׳ǾǲҺʦģҪʦֶԿˣʦһҪǳ׵ѹԶѹ
ڻ߱Ԫֺõ˵
ܺãܺð뷨ʵĺܺãֻҪҵߣҩ似ʹãѾҵĸˣһε̳дս֮УҽΪǿļ̳ߣΪҵĸҲΪеס
ߺԷ˵
Ƿ֮ӣĶӣҿԺ绽꣬ҵŵЩ˸ҵĶ֣ǰĸ֣ܺãܺãԪҺǿ㣡
ŰԵϻبŵϢӵǿ󣬾Ȼ˲ƿΧĵ˿ûԼĶȡ
˲סԪ忪ʼǰ
׳ա
ЦһԪǰֻϲֺõİ׳Ѿû˿ĺøУڵҪȥõ
ȻĲܹȥ
ʱõĺ߱ħܾˡ
뵽߱ħҶʵսȴ뷨ΪΡ
ҶʵȻĺܿԺԼսΣȴˣѾһ޿Դﵽġ
󿪴֮ͻŭһȴӵҶĵȼԼսǿĺܣǻߵʵȴ͸ȻӲҶӦġ
ԼҪһˡ
˵뷨֮УԪϵıڲϵ
͡
ռĦɵĹ⻪ûȫɢ
ץһѣԼıᣬ̲ס¶˹Źֵɫ
ôܣ
ߵĽе
ʦ֣ʲô𣿡
Ԫ̲סĽе
ž
һǶص˦˳ȥ
ǿ㹻Ԫ屻͵Ĵɳȥǧ׵ĵزԵĲѰһˡ
ˣ
Ԫ˵
ǵģˣʲô𣿡
ԵǸոµģдǿ׵粨Ӧ֮ΪµĶ׵編һűҲ˵ҵõĻʹ㹻ʵʮģΪʲôȴûҵأ
̲סߵ
һ˿ԹвԪļⶼڳ鴤
ĻߣӵŰɣ㾹ȻֻϷйŭŴһƣӵţʱһὫж˿鲻ɡ
Ȼ˵˼֮УȴԵڱ¶쳣
׵ԵĹű
ĺ
˭ӵıˣ
ŭ𣬷仯ͻ֮׵ӿ
һκоȻһʵѾ۷ĲΡ
ʼɣ˷籩İࡣ
͡
˺ѣǧҵıĹâŹǵĲ·Ǿ֮ǧħһ㡣
ڲ֮һ⻪ͬһ׷̫ĵһʥһ㡣
죡죡죡
쵽˼£

оһ⻪̲صޱɱ⣬ߵɫʱһ䣬Ťϣԭѹסŭ⳹׵ı
һƻӶ֮һ̵תϣѸٵĳ̹ȥ
һ˲ͶռУƿն˲䣬ΧһҲ漴ʼ˷ݵ֮С
֮֮񵶣
̵ƺ˻ߵĺһ㣬ȻȻĿʼϡ
һǧףɢ˼ºʮĳ̶ȳһ⻪նȥ
ССĵ֮Ҫȥңȥɣ
䡭
֮Ӧ˲նĿռ˺ѷ϶
ϣ
һֲı֮Уεıײȴ

ҵİһ㣬쳹
һȴǿеĴΪƬÿһƬŲһ׵ĳ̶ȣҲ˵ϵĽǧεĵز
͡
ռ䳹׵ı飬һبųһ㣬쭷磬򿪵綼Ī˺
ʱĻ߶̲סһɾȵɫĻͿֲƽ;ˡ
˦һµĻƽꪾȻͻأ˸
֮س㣡
ԵߵϢȻĵҪֲ̬
һꪻ磬ݺݵسȥ
һ˲֮εĳҪΧĿռ̴ε̬˲ıȥ
䡭
Ӱٵĵɳȥ
ߵӰ΢΢Ħһ¿ռ䣬㻺ͣ
һӰȴһڿռ䷭֮Żվ
׷Ʈ֮УһɺԵøգۣһĳǹ˸˿˿â
߱ħҶ죿Ȼ㣡
ڿӰ֮Ԫĺȵ
ҶϢ²ϣ֮УͶ֮Ī̲ſ
þò˰Ԫ
ŶԷŭޱȵӣҶ쵭Ц
ܺãܺð㾹Ȼ߱ħû뵽СС;ȻӲĵֿһܺõСӡ
ˡ
еĳĻӶһ˿ķ򣬻Ц˵
͡
ꪻ˳һ㣬ȵָҶԴ˵
СӣΪףȴҲܲѵϵ񽣣ԼĹ˵㻹õһҲԷԼһѧڵģôˡ
ߵ˵·һ΢һ㡣
بŵϢεȵĲ㹻Ρ
һԼΪ
ղŵһνҲ̽Ҷ죬˳ֵ΢ȷԼѹҶ졣
ȴȴҶ쵽˶ٵ
డ
ҶıԴŹֵ˵
ߡ߱ħҵʦֻߴˣּۻ۵ģʶĽԼĶĻҵ˻ὫնɱΡ
ԪʱǺεȵĽȴû뵽㾹ȻΪ˱˵ū߹

ߴŭȵ
СӣҪҪĻһὫҲ궼Ҫ£֪ʵףǺȽϣȴ̫ˡ
ҶĿŶԷ˵
ҺǺ棬εĿģҽӴôʱ֮󣬶ûеõʹ÷
õ˶Է֮ҶȻ֪һ㣬ɲϴһ㣬ɱǴĦ֮ԷʬǺ궼ûеõѡʱȽ̽
ߡҲû⣬֮ѪһصıֻҪ֮ѪſԿ֮ѪĺܣҪõ൱ѡ
֮Ѫ𣿡
һ˿ҶԺ֮һţȴ΢΢Ĵɢ뷨
еѩǹľ𣬶׼˻ߵ˵
ǰɣô


1016 ǿɱ
˵ʲô
ߵɫ׵ĸıϵŭѾǿ
ȫû뵽ԼѾ󿪴ȱ֮ģ˽һˡ̬ҶȴûѡĹأŵĺԼа塣
һ
ԪǾȵĺܣҶĽӴ֮УȻӴĲ࣬ȴҲ֪һһµСӡ
Էǲȥްյ顣
ǰȴǸҶˣ
ҶЦߵʵȷʵǲͣӦѾ뵽̫žΪˡ
ΪĶжǺĺܣǿˣǴʱѾ뵽˲𾳵ھ۷Σ㹻ҵΪ
ʮ˱Ƽӳ֣㹻Լ׵Ľѹĵز
㡭ô
Ҷﵭ˵
͡
⶯ǹ֡
һǹأ˲֮пʼѹ
֮ϳһƬǹӰ˲ֺ͸סһƬ̬֮£㹻κεһΪ֮
ÿһǹӰ׵Ĵ̶ִȣӭȥڸס졣
ôܣ
ڸо˺ѵ֮󣬻ߵ̲ס¶˾ȵɫ
ǹһأµһԵԪһֻɢıС
޷󵽣ԭǸСΪʲôڶݵʱȴﵽڵĵز޷󵽣ʲôĻԵС˵Ŀ񱩡

ꪻӶ
ھ˲֮󣬴ŭһ
ССҲǰѹεѹ㣡
Ӱ˸˷·ߴ˼£֮УһɫĴɽڷɶꪶǵصѹ㹻Ѫ
еĳꪻӶ֮У˵µ磬Ȼ㹻ǧŤ
·ǻӶһƬһĿֲ;ˡ
̫žΪʵĲ
䡭
ɿֲڵײһ
ǹꪣ
Ǽ˵ıС
ǹߣ֮дŰ
ҡҡգնһУ̣߳߳նߵĹϷӵ쾡¡
ϣ
˿˿ĺâֲĻӰƣ˸һ㲻ǷƷ
ѩǹ׵趯ǧ֮ɫ
ϵĦ֮У貹⻪˸ϣ㹻ͷƤ쳹ʡ
ԪѾ˼սٵĴ˳ȥ
˫Ŀ֮ȴ̲ס𾪿ֵɫ
ǻߵȻѾ²⵽ˣȻɾȶԷĿֲЩص㡣
ؼҶ죬Ҷʵôӵǿһһʽÿһж㹻˺أĿɱаΪСһУ㹻ɱġ
ҶﳤХһͻأӰתȻ̬ǹһѸٵ߲ϡ
ǹУ
á
оҶϵƲǻߵ̲סٵĺȵ
ֻһֻĥ̰СƾȻĳĳץȥ

оҶֲƣǻһľڿҶĶ֮ȴٴεϲޱȡ
СӾ
ϣ
ײԱȸղŸҵĲʼɢ
᲻ɴݣҶ˫һȴҲûнԷ顣
׳հҴ²㾹ȻͼԼ׳գȥɡ
оһڲĦƣҶıȴЦ̬֮
ĸ㣬Ǵȥġ
ʲô
ߵɫ䲻ֹ
׳հ
Ҷȵ

ϣ
ٴεĶˣҶߣȻ˲ץסһꪵ

ĴЦУҶ¶ɫ˸ĺâ뵽˲ǡ
п
ҹ߾
Ȼ֪ҶЦʲôһֲԾĸоȴвҲû룬һźʩչǰѧѾʼ׵չˡ
𣡣
һ֮ĽɫӰںߵǰ
һӰبŵĵϺƵĵ֮㹻ĳκεһλࡣ
۲Ħռ䣬˵ĸʴԲ
Ǵſµ˺
һֱѾư˳֮ϡ
䡭
ŤһȻٵĴⳤ
Ʊĸо
Ҷɫ΢䣬Ȼ˲оԼϴ˿µʹУȻǿңȴһǿҵĸоƺԼȥӴٻԼơ
顭
һȥ
ȡɽ
ȣһſµĻѧȻҶٶãȴеС
ȫû뵽ҶϹ˾ˣ˫ȵҲǲ
˲ﱤҶһ߷˳ȥ
һԵԪ˫ĿɵùԲ˲оԼ඼һͣӡ
£
̫ˣ
ԼϵҶ쾹Ȼ߷˳ȥ
˻Լˣ
ôܣ
ۡСӣҪɱ㣬ɱ㰡
߳׵ķˣȫû뵽Լбһ߷ɵĿܡ
һһСһʮСΪϲǿ󰡡
ԿԿεȥǿǣǱеʦֵ֪飬ᱻЦġ
ѪҵֻѪܹϴˢҪɱ㣬ɱǧΣ
ſֲݵ˷Բ
һ̬£ĳꪷ趯
ǰһ޴ӰȻʧȴǿ

һֺֻݺݵⳤꪡ
ꪵ趯·һɫĴɽһ㣬ֲ֮¾Ȼൽ֮⡣
ϣ
һǹٴεĿ
ϣ
ײ֮쳹ϡ
ߵӰϵĿ裬˲䱼ߴУٶȿ񱩵ĴմǿյıԵ
ͻ˴ƶ䡣
ٴδ֮н뵽ɽ֮Уҽ񱩵
Ӳһ
һ޴ɽ֮ϣߵ׵ɽһ뻹ࡣ
Ҫɱ㣡
ĻȫûȥԼΪѾ֮ڱʱֻҪйеŭ⣬ȥйԼøӿ񱩵ġ
ǾȴҶ˫ĿȻһ
ֹУһ˲ԾʤʱĻ֮УеͻȻһ
磬磬׵⣬ƽɫĹէֲϡ
ݺݵץס˶Էĳۣ

ֻоԼһڿգһѾҶץסĳۺݺݵͶȥ
飡
һֳֻ׵˶Էļ⣬˹
꣡꣡
֮ϣ
Ѫɣ
˵γһֱ߿ʼ³߱Ҷȭͷı
ÿһȭ·һʯݺݵػ֮УɵѪȾ˲񷣡

һȭػ˶ԷĶͷϣһĲҽһ̣һ꿪ʼɢɡ


1017 

Ĳҽɴ˵ĵԪ֮дſµľ
޷󵽣ǰҶ쾹Ȼ˵ǿᣬӵ޷Լʵ
Ѿ׵ıҶ⽴ʬǶ޷εܹıڵĵ
ȫĲܣ
һʼǱ㿪ʼ׷ɱң߸ϵ̫žǿߣӵƥʵҿƿ´󲿷ֵȫߵϣһ룬û˵ɡ
Ҷ帡֮УѾⲽȥ
ʱѾƳתԪǰһȴΪĸ
ǰϣӦ˵ӿʼʱ㱻ԼϵСʱȴѾɳΪһ콾һһУԪоһĪϣͷ·ǹ᳹صİʹеķһ㡣
㡭ΪʲôǿҲţҲŰ
ĵŭʼأҰ
Ϊһ콾ԭ֮ǿ֮һԭǴֻһСС϶㲻ϣĶȡԷӵĿȥѹ
ǱԭֻһֻϣԷˣȻȲԼȴҲһλСˣⳤһµʥΪĳ֣ŻѡҶѹ
ԭֻǽҶ쵱һŪϣһԼĲĴڣǶԷȥģˣĺˡ
ûΪʲôֻ˲õˣ
߱ħֵĻʱ䣬һʱ䣬Լʵ죬ȴҶԿѹңӢΪֵĸһʱ䣬ʱһŬɳ
͡
һµĹâҶָָᵯ˲и˶ԷԴ
û˿ԥûκε쳣ԷԴ˲ı˺ѳΪһƬѪƣ
һﻺµӰҶưԵĻӶ֮ѾһӰĽбǲʵŭ
׳أҰ׳ˣ𣿡
Ҷ첻мЦ
ܹ˺ԼˣǴĶȥѡԷģϹε֮ѾΪһߣûаܹ֤ԼˣȥѡЩȫȥѹ
Ϊı֤
Ȼ޷֤˵ĳ֣ҾҪ֤ЩصΣնɱˣ
˵ϷǴһƬ棡
漴뵽һ꣬ҶٴεĿʼѰ
Լõһ֮ƺǻûпĻᣬԷķ֪
һѰ֮󣬶ʱҶԺ֮ٴζ˴䡣
ڶԷЩϵʽҶ첢⣬ѡѰԼҪϢ
ѰҵĹ֮УҶҲԸ̾ԷŵǿᣬԼԪֳһ޶ȷʵ԰ʱΪǵһ֧
ڣ
һµţ
ڵȴʥ֮У
ʥ
ҶѾǲֹһε˵ˣҶȴû뵽ԼȻôľͺʥԿˣǵļʥһλǿߴģԷʵѾΪǾΪ
ǿǴǾ
뵽ԼȻһһҶʵЩΣȻѾˣҲֻ޿κεȥӲͷƤˣȴҲû˺ڣһ˿ĺڶûС
ٴεĸһѡĻᣬǻȥɱߺԪģ
ǸڵļһڵΪڣʵʥ֮ҲһſµĴڣֻǶʥ˵ȴҲ㲻ʲôȴҲҿȥӦģΪǿĴѾﵽǾھΪģǵõ͵ĺð
˼֮УҶٵĽǹ֮ѪϢʼѰҳ
ǵ֮ѪѶϢ֮Ҷɫ΢΢һ䡣
ڶԷļ֮У֮ѪӺɫĹâ˸ĲƲϣȻֻһϹɵĻ󣬵ҶȴɿԴио˵Ĳ˸ͣ
嫵ѹϵѭһ˿˿֮ڷ΢Ĳ̬
ȻҶֻһ˿֮ھôõʱ䣬Ǻĳ֮˸ıΡ
Ȼ
˵
һĻƽɫĹâ˸֮Уʼ仯ΪһصĻƽɫҺ壡
ҺڲϵߣƺǴһֿµԣ
Ҷ½֮УһλŮӣɴнȳΪŮ˱ˣӶԷеϵõһ
ǵûдĻӦ֮ǵľŸɡ
˵
ڶԷҶõһĽɫˮıºȴԼںҲûг֣Ϊһε䣬ͽ䳹׵ȴˡ
⾹Ȼһ֮Ѫû뵽ʥ֮Ҫõ֮Ѫν൱ѵģλʥԵĵطȴҲûа취ȥõҺҵ֮лһ֮Ѫ
ﰵԵĸ̾
һļӳ֮󣬶ʱԼÿһļѪⶼεסˣʱҶ½ʱڵǸҶҪǿ
֮ѾγһʥӤĴڣһʩչ˲ҵһοµ֮Ѫ
Ҷ֮дôõʱ䣬һ˴ҶϢѾں˴󲿷֣ȻЩԸҶļ֣һ֮ѪѾıҶ
䡭
֮֮Ѫĳ־ȻһӲӵĹ⻪֮һĿֲ
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ϵƱŷٵĿ񱼶ѸٵĽԷǿеѹ
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൱Ǵʱ˷ֵĻǾͲֻԼֻˣЩǿΪԼ᲻ֶΣʱ۵Ĳɽׯ
Ű˲ͼ֮УҶ쾲֮УĲҪķһ˿һĸա
ǰһöӵĵ׹ڷĲΧ׵ĿռѾγһɫնѨз·׵ڲϵž졣
ϵҪʼ˿ˣҶıһԾԾԺڴޱȵı顭


1018 
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Ǵʥ֮ģǸҶõ䣬Ҷȴ֣ʥ֮УĴҲ൱ȻΧ֮ôĺȴҲԲһ˿ӵеġ
ݶԷļ䣬ʥ֮УֻЩﵽ˴ͨǿ߲Żʵȴʹһֻ߼
Ļǿ߶֮󣬸һսʱĻǱɱˣҲû˻ȥġ
⻹һɽ󰡣ʥôĿ£ҼǵõһȴҲжʹõĻˣҿǿַʵ
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Ҷ첻ǰ׳գȻ֪Ƶĺô
ˡ
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ǰһ֮Ϣ㹻Ϊ֮ȣ
ҶϿʼԽļļ֮УкܴһֵҪǿʱҪԼƷƷνıܹǿı
߿´ܵѧĵҩ
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ı֮Ҳ֮һֵǿ߻ὫԼõıȴһΪ֮Ѫãһ滹Ϊ˱֤ļֵڴܹ˻ȡԼҪıԼҪ˿ա
Ҷȴǿ϶ԼڵһԼ֪֮νıҩӲѧ¶еļֵ
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Բ׵ķΧΪһ̬

ĺȵ
飡
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ֻһѣǾһȴ˾˵ı仯ͬڽһеﶼĥѹƵһ


ѹ磬֣ﳼ
һ˲Ҷһö׹ã
˵ʮһֿµ㹻Ľʮ׵ķΧ׵֣Լ׹ģЧǳ׵ѹ
׵ķΧ֮Уеһжᱻǿеѹ
ˮǹⰵ׵磬һе˲䱬


1019 ̫ݺ
֮Ե鴫ģ
ƻӶʱбƻһжĻָ˹Ҷϣ
ĸеһö׹ҶѾ޷ÿϲˣҲ׹ЧЩǿ߻㲻ʲôǶ˵ȴõʹߡ

һֳ˾κһλǿߵһƿأ
ǿߣȻڴﵽǿΪ֮󣬿Բһǿ򣬵ǺҶȽȴ˺ܶ࣬ӵǿߺҶʮԿһĻԻᱻ׵ѹͷɡ
Ҳˣǿ˵֮󣬿ƾԼһѣҶͷ˲䣬ᱻ
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̫žǿ߿Ҳûô˵ְ
ɫ̫֮˺ɣһڿռ֮ľǺ嫵̬ƥϢԼԵֶȫһе谭
ÿһλ̫žǿ߶·һԶħɽ㣬ÿһε𶯶쳹
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ұɽׯׯ죬˭˴ģǲɽׯν£
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һŭĴ


1020 ѵ
ԭѾЩŭչ֣Ƕߴȴ̲סһ㵣
ɫۻƮ裬ɫ֮Уɱ񱩵£Ӱȴһֻ̫ްƣ޷Ȼƣ˲Ҷ컹˭

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СӣõĲҪ£ҿĳΪͣѾ뵽̫žΪˣǺȽȥ˺ܶ࣬ǵ˻ûдУֻһ֣һǣĪŭ޷ֿĺ
Щ˵Ľ̸ǱΪϵƺû˿ķȤĿҶ죬·ҪǰҶ쿴һ
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ҶȻĴ˲ϴһɷ
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СӣȻҪʶһ£Ҿͳȫ㣬֪ҪΪɱҹĦΪΪˣ
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1021 Ҷҹ
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Щʵǿ̫žǿ˫Ŀ˿ĲȥһЩղŻƲҶȴҲڰԵü
ǵǰҶȻվûжȴڱϷ˷츲صı仯
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֮צķâûȫĹҶ棬һ֮УһӰȴ͵˾㵵Уҹսǵǰ

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Ǹֵĳ֮һӰѾӦķˡ
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޷ţ޷ǰһС
˭һ콾ﰡǿߵ࣬ȵѪΪµѪЩս֮ѪҺ֮жսǻǵѪ
СӵǰȴһǶ˳ȥ

ô೤ǰһСһǶˣǺεȵ裬εȵ谡
쵰Ҫ޵㣡
ҹսǵŭһֻǵŭһ㣬ȴһּ͵㡣
һֵþصĶ֣ǲη˿Ѻɱ¾˫ĿֻͽǵĹâȴûвǸеıԣǺȥһֵѪҲֻһѡ
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ܵģװɣ
Щǿ߲ٴ޷ŵɫ
һͽǻ꣬Сӣɱ˲ͷȴҫǲԸֵģڿǵýѵһĺãõʱĿˣ
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һ磬Ĳӣ·Ǵ紵һ㣬Ҷ˫Ŀȴ˲Ŀʼ̣ͫâһ㡣
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ʮ֮¸ӵ߲ʱķ
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ʵԵĲŭһ˦Ȼǧââ˸˿˿ɱ⡣
һҪɱң
оԷֵ͹ַҶѾжϣȻһԼزʶȴԶԼ֣Եǲ
ȻһҪˣҶȴҲԴ֮ˣȻķѸٵĽԷĽĺȵ
ҵ黹Ҫѵ㲻ʸ񣡡
嵹ת֮УǧâȴԵҪ̴塣

ĺȵ
һɫѸٵɡ
סµĻ档
ǳϵ˵˫Ŀ֮ȴ·൱ϲҶıҲһ˿ûڸǵϲ֮ɫ
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ʮεƣÿһζӳ֡
ʱʮȴǰŲͬһ棬ҶҲǲ𾳵ΪѣڵȴѾ뵽˲𾳵۷壬ʵĸı䡣
ԭİ𻹶ҶʵӵĺܣǾڴʱȴȻоԭһֻϵļһȴ˲仯һֻ
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͡
ʮ֮ٵӿ˸һԽɫ
⽣֮չչ
չɲٶһһļӱ
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һȭȻ˾㵵֮пٵĴ˰š
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Ѿ˺ɫתϺɫ״̬εȵ谡Ǻε裬޷ܣһ㶼޷ܣķɳȥĻδ棿
ǴʱҶȴ·ԴԴһ㣬Ȼ˾㵵֮Уٴεӣ
ɣ
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һӰ˸֮УʱҲסǿдɡ
һڲѪվ˳ȴǲ֪ǱĻǱġ
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ǺǡܺõֶΣܺãȻһλ̫žڰǿߣҶ죬ϷԽĿˡ
ҹսĳ˿ûΪҶԵʶŭЦ⡣
𣿵һδôˣΪ𣿡
Ҷ˿û顣
Ǻǣˡ
ϻЦȴҲ¶һ˿ĹЦ
һ⣬Ҷҹ


1022 εЭ
ͣһʱе޲ھĿҶ죬ƺǴӶԷϿʲôһ㡣
Ҷҹ
Ҷ쾪㵵ĽеԼ½֮һλԽ߶ѣͶԷ˵ûκεĹϵǶԷֿ϶̬ȴƺǶڱж൱Ͽɡ
ƺǺ֮ûжٵĹϵɣôôĿ϶һǺйϵأҶԼ൱˽⣡
Сӡҿζˣ
ɳȥİɫǵͨ죬εܵ裬Ϊ̫žڰǿߣθıһλ𾳵СˣȻֻˣȴҲˡ
ס֣
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ϣСӴңһСȻҴңҲܷŹҪնɱѹ꣡
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һȻı˲仯һֲħĿŰԭڽ֮еİʱȻֹ
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ǰҶʵѾΪһϣȴΪϣѹƵĶ
СӣܹΪҹսˣҲһǧַ㳹׵Ļɱѹġ
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Ǻǡҹսֻһ֧ϸ˵ҹսķ֧ܶ࣬ȻҹսԾӣǴССķ֧ȴǧĳ̶ȣڼʥ֮С
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֮ԭֻǺ棬ȴѾȷˣȷʵҹսһ֧Ѫǲ²ⲻĻܹ˾˵ȴﵽ㺧˵ĳ̶ȣԼʾ֮⣬Ϊ֮ѪŨ̶ȴﵽһŵĵز
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ⳤһеĹؼεܹĵȥ
ѵ˵ҵҹսѪɣΪʲôҵҶһȴ½֮У
ȻҶҵ˹ҹļ䣬һǲȱļء
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˲֮вı֮սǵͶʱıˣǿԴЦӣһǿҵжʱ
߱ħӵŰɣû˵Ҷ˵ķѪҪŨҲУ
зĺ

һĴЦ֮ͻȻĴǳϵĴЦͬʱϵһֲħԽһɫĻ󣬷·һµĴħħ֮
ɫ֮ϴƥеĿռĲǽΧһȫһɫĳŤ֮ϴĹԣа̬֮£㹻ɵһƬĿռ䡣
ĺɫƲǸޱȡ
Ȩܾ𣿡
ϵϴһֿµЦ⣬ȴһĸղŵֵȻ̬·аĺܡ
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Ҷڵ̲ססԼȭͷһθоôһǱвС
׼˺ĻΪ֮ǿߣҲҪɱ㣡


1023 Ϊʮ
֪ΪʲôڿҶǱ֮УϵɫȻδ䣬ȴ̲סĲ֣Ƿ·һ㹻˶оԼһƬı߰ĺ䣬һָоǰȥĬĬСû˵ѣ
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С˼ɽׯΪǿҵı֤
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ڵȻҶ֣һ֣ⳤϿ϶һֻңǵ֮󣬿϶ˣʱҾͻɱеˣȻǸŮǲ˷ŹģҪݺݵ䵱ҵūһڷң
һĺâսǿȥɺǶħһ㣬Ҷע⣬һɣԼһҪ䳹׵ѹɱԷ꣬һղŵѾ׵ļŭҶ졣
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쵰ŰɣҵһͽԹɱҡ֮С
թ֮УҶսѾԵеɱ⡣
ߵ̬ǺεȵˣȻĺܣȴҲȥ˵Ҷʺʵ㹻ȥ⣬뵽ҶļֵѾ⣬һֵˣҲҪҶεĿС
Ҹߡ
Ҷﵭ˵

溵̲סĽ
УܸҶɣΪʵԵʣҶһӦġ
΢΢Ƕһϸ溵Ķߣ
溶İɣҺܿͻģĵȴңһܿͽЩ鷳ġ
ԵĵͷһѾ졣
һǧöĴ漶ҩ㹻ʵǵģ߱ħϣһ᲻иȥǣΪǿģǸʱҲԸõķչȥҲһֲɡ
óһСӶ쵭˵
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λǿ˫ĿĵɳϹżĵҩ
֮еҩĻ൱ϸ
ΪͼǼʼ»׼Ϲż漶ʷʫԼ˵֮еʥ񼶣
ÿһĵȼԼǿЧ漶ʲôǿѾ֮жΪֲĵҩˣ㹻һλǾΪС˲ıǵͨ߰ĿЧ
Ƕڲ𾳵ǿҲĪЧǽڴ漶ĵҩܻ˱ŷ̫ž۷Ч
⴫漶ĵҩǷѰĵط㹻ĵڽӴǴеıġ
ǲɽׯµĺܣҪõһö漶ĵҩҲúķſԵõġ
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쿴Ҷ̲סĽе
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͡
˺֮УѾ׵ĽΧĿռΧһʮλ̫žǿת˲һƬ˺ѵա

溵﷢˰ĺС
Ҷ˫Ŀһ˿ɫֵĹͨյ˿ûнκεıҲδ˵ĴɵĸоΧһĪڶԷ֮бøƽ
֮ǿߵʵ𣿡
Խ뵽Ļ㹻ĲϷǿʵʱСС֮ѾĽĵȼˡ
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ΪʲôҪѰңΪҹսķ֧֮һ𣿡
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漴ؿһҶ죬ٴεĽĿ⳯ſռ֮еĺɫɫɫĻӶԼϵ
ÿһѸٵγһƬ˺ѵ籩һе谭׵ѹʹƳΪޡ
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ʮ꣡
͡
ⳤѾνţش֮ȴҲ̲סоԼһķڡ
ڳ޲һֿµǰҶ죬ӷ·ڿһλһ㡣
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Ǻݺݵس鴤һ£оԼĺ̲סһļٺͲ
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ʲôһ˵ʵ̫žΪΪսҲѾİĳ̶ˣ⻹Ϊеǿ߲ϵҩ͸Ĺඥ֮ϵΪɵġ
˶ǧĸ䣬ⳤΪҹһλǧĹǿˣ
ǰһȴһս̫žǿߵΪȴֻʮꣿѵ˵Լ¶˹ϲ
εܹţ
ʵǵǰȴɲ벻š

Ц֮ʼҹ¶˷ЦݣЦ֮дźεȵĳ죺
ʮ꣬ʮðһֻʮ꣬˵Ļһον׬ˡ
۴߶˲ĴΧһĴ߶֮УҶֻǸоԼǰһȻٵǰǧ·̡
ʱ֮Уʮλ̫žǿ߷׷׵Ŀʼ߶ԼƺЩȲ
ȲҪҶϵõЩʲô
Ҷĸо֮УʱƺǹȥСʱʱѣֻСʱʱУٴεĿ֮ȴһĲ漴Ĵ
Ǻȫͬһֲ
ǡˣ
֮УϵϴһֿĵЦݡ
˰ս֮⣬ǿҲǴ˵Цݡ
ʮ򣬾ˣҹսڵĵط
ϵĺȵ
ʮ𣿡
üͷ΢΢һҶ˫ĿѾĳܿ˹ȥ


1024 
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Ҷ֮У֮۲֮УЩ·ǸĳֿµĹתͷ·һ޴һչ֡
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Ϊһλ֮ͨˣȻһ۱ԿĳصֶΡ
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Ҷ˫Ŀ΢΢һ漴ڶԷָ֮УѸٵĳһռ俴ȥ˲ɫһĴ͡
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ƣΪ۷һأ޷Ƶ̬֮Уһһ㣬ҪӲſȫĿԷӡ
Ȼ͸Ҷ컹ǿЩãһ൱ڽһֻҪǴеܵǿҵĻػ
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΢΢ĿһۺߣʱҹսǵһĽӲǿҶ֮иǿһӣֹͣ
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Ȼ˲ĽԼĽӿһĳ̶ȣ
һôֲ֣
Ȼ˵ǵ̶Ⱥ;֮޷ٴεͨҩȥԼľ磬ϵȴʮĸҶģҲ޷ֶͨȥԼʵȴ԰
û˷֣Ҷ쾹ȻѾڲ֪Ľһ˿׵ɵˣ


1025 ͽҹ
˿˿׵粻ϵıҶȥΪ˲˵ע⣬ҶֻȥСȥЩ׵ԵĴһ֣ǺܶһȴȡŰ˲ͼ֮С
Щ׵Ǳľۼ֮вľ壬Ȼ׵ЧʵȴӵŸԪĲ
Ҷ˵ȴҪķ̫ʱ;
߳ϣ߳ϻˣ
˳֮󣬶ʱһľϲʼ˳
һصŻ֮УһŻĻƣ˵ϣʹ֮ĽһĿٵ׳󣬲һǿĲ
չһѾ˳
Ϊ׵ļŸɫĳۣͫǿҵĹâ
֮ϵϢ޲ɬѶĲبŵϢ̫ŵĲǻѾ뵽ĳ˺һĳ̶һ㣬ȻվﵫȴһҪϼ̬
С졪֮
Ҷͫ΢΢һԭΪϵʵѾ൱ǿˣڿĻƺ㲻Ϊǿģ֮ǿ߻
뵽ԭԼ˾֮˵Щ֮ǿߴ˵˵֮ǿѾΪĳִ˵ڿ˵ǲȷģ֮ǿ߲
ЩһŰλ֮࣬͵Ҳ̫žǿߣΪ׵ʮ˵ʵѾ뵽֮ǿ̶߳ȣ⵽ô£֮ǿ߰ĺҹһ޶ʵҵǿȥӦһ˵ҺЩϹĻ˲ıԷѹҲǲܵġ
ǼλȥҶ̲סĽ
Щϼһ￴ȥһۻǣǲʱԼ˫Ŀ·ÿʱÿ̶Ҫ˯һ㣬ҶȴĲǵ֮Уֲֿͷ·һֻµľһǿᡣ
һֲôġ
ĳѾԵĽӴʥıԵˣǿԽĽӽʥʵԽľˣ֮ǽ뵽֮ǿ̶ȵĻҽ뵽̫žΪҲ㹻Ҳ̫֮ҵɿһǧߣǶӲģӾͶŰ˲ͼ֮вȥ˽Ĳɽׯװȥȵ̫žΪ֮㡣
кݺݵ
һλλѾҪϼһǣҶٴδһ¡
һڼǿƵѰӦҺѰ
Сߣˡ
һλԼһԻǵ˫Ŀ˵
һͷɫĳ·ȡ̫Ĺâһ㣬ɫ̬ǿȥ֮УȴĪĿֲѹ߶֮УȻҶһֹŹֵĸо·ǰһһֻе޾ħһ㡣
ϣһˡ
ԭһֱŵ֮ҹڿ֮ȴ·ǼԼĳһ㣬Ķ˵
ϣ
ҶٴεĿһ۶Է
͡
ԭһԻǵ˫Ŀȴ˲ĻС̫һ㣬Ѹٵֲĳ磬˫һ㣬˲֮нҶ֮С
㹻˶оԼ·һλµĹ޷Ƶڲ΢΢Ķ£ⲻǺº͵ӵĶ£һЩܲסĸо
Ҷǰһ۾ͷ·һƬһ㣬Լ嶼ҪУŶԷȥ̽û˿İ취
֮ۿٵķ˵ǿĹâ
꣡
дŭ
ԷٶҪһ㣬ʱѾҶһֳԹĸоεܹһϼһǰĵĸо
ӡǲ
ٴεŭ֮۶ʱȫı
䡭
·ֲֻľ޿ʼһ㣬ݺݵײһΡ
ŵŵš
Ҷ类ʵʰȥһ㣬岻ܿƵĿʼԼʼʮǿֹͣ塣
ȴѾ¶˾ɫ
֮죬һ̫ǿˡ
ȼԽЧԽǿᣬϼһܹ뵽֮ǿǱߵҹҪǿٱǧĳ̶Ȱ
ﰡ
һλϹ
ǿСȻҹսѪڴ㵽ܹﵽεȵѪ̶Ȱ
ϵϴޱϲı飬һԻǵ˫Ŀ֮зҲǴſµĹâҶ̬Цݣһ˫Ŀȴ·ǻС̫һ㡣
µĺܡ
ϣ߱ħҶ죬ֶѾȷˣ˵ʵ˲𾳵ΪȴѾԺ̫žǿ߶ԿǿԺ̫žڰΪǿ߶Կ
ʲô
ôܣ
𾳣̫ž죿
ԭǱ˫Ŀļλ϶ʱ¶˾ɫһԶԻǵ˫ĿҪŷ˵âˡ
޷ŵɫҶ·ڿһλһ㡣
ҹսϰһ֧ܹ뵽ʥΪⱾҵһˡ
ϵϴ޾ϲ֮ɫҶıڿһһ㡣
ߡ
ҹ̲סһȫû뵽СӾȻ˵ܻӭ뵽ԼǸһ̤ʯ֮ʱеԹ֮ʼøӵĿֲ
֪ССһǿĳ̶ȵģ
һλ߾ϲϵ˵
֮еѾˣǻɱҹҹĦ鶼÷зˡ
ߡ֪СȻΪ⼸ϼһձչأͽҲǺõģСһﲻɱˣϷҲԵ˵ġ
һλ̲ס˵
ǵڰ죬֪ģ
ϻĿ˵ûʵ֤ĻεܹжϳҶʵ
ʱΧѾвٵע⵽ȴûһ˵ҳõפ㣬޲ǿ˼֮󣬱Ҵҵ뿪
Ϊ໥д˼¶ѡ
뵽⣬߳ҲЩ
ҹ𡭡
һλͻȻĽе
ǡ
ҹһ㶣漴һĲ
ȴòȥǰ߶
飡
һӰ˸ʱҹ徹ȻصĴɵ׵ĸ߿֮С
ۡ
һѪص䵽˵ϣ֮ǿ֣߳ҹʵﵽһ˵ĳ̶ȣȴҲȥֿһεĽ
ԭǶҶĪҹսǶ̲סĴһ¡
뵽ԼҶƣҹҪǿ˰ٱһʱɫʼɷ
㲻֪Ĵڴʲô𣿡
Ŵӵǿվҹ߻˵
ǡ
ҹ𲻸˿Թԣ˵
ϲѪȴ˵һʱ˺ԵĲ͡
ߡһΣٸˣǾͲҪ㣡
ûһ㣬Ҷ쵭Ц
죬ϷЩҪһˣļֵĴڣǿµģ


1026 ľ֮
ڳ֮УܶҹսĵǶһ־㵵ڿҶ죬ȫû뵽ǰȥ㾪˵СȻܵ˵ĶԴ
ϵͷʽϺܶ˱㿪ʼоǰ˵
һƽҹɳȥѾһ˿ܵĴˡ
һʱ䣬ҵ˼ʼȫһת׷׵εܹǰҶĳϵ
ҹսԭı֮漴һɢȴûȫ˵ʧֻǰԵĽѹĵ
ҵļֵҵݣ
Ҷ˵
漴ĸλ˽ȥ
֮ǿĪ֮乵ͨĴڣǿһ֮еĻʯ
־˵ǿ֮Ȼ޷ݡ
䡭
̤һŻ˲䣬Ҷɫʼ׵ĸı
˸ϣʵһ㣬Ⱥۡ
һѪĳڲ֮ߣʱĲ꣬ʩչеͨŴˮ
ЩˮؼΪ֮ˮǽ䳤ʹ㹻Լﵽ̥ǵ̬
һֻֻԵ밲ĳΧɲ֥̬ɰĺܣǵһ͵˻֮һɵƺƵ֮γһɫķġ
дͺ˫ˣ㹻಻ϵĽҹս˷չ¡
չᣬϵ棬ڴΧһ
ӰȻ㲻洦ɼȴҲҶ쾪˼¡
ߡ˵ֶζѣⲢޣֻǴ޵Ѫˣ޵֮һѪӵС
˵
漴ĶźèԴŹֵ˵
òƻѪأô˵Ҳһֻè
ӣӺƴˣ
èӶԼצ˹ȥ
ϼӿ£һϼӣ֮һеԪµ˼£Ľ֮У·һ޴Ķ¯һ㣬˶ΪбĵҩÿһεĺÿһεĻӶë֮ÿһε㹻ĲҪǿᵽǧٱĳ̶ȡ
ĸ챦أֻŻõĳɳ
Ҷ쵹ˣҹսΪʲô˵ľˣΪʲôƴսǵôᣬȴѾ˾˵ĳ̶ȡ
һʯᱻΪͨıġ
һɽ洦İ裬ȴ˵񳹰̬Ҷ֮֮һжǵȻ޴ıˣЩɽ֮оȻǴ˿˿ԣ޲ʼ֡
ȻѾúǹˡ
һĹȴҶע⡣
һ겻һ˸ߵĹϸ̶ȴŰ׵ĳ̶ȡ
ȥһһ㡣
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ɫƤ˸˵Ĺ󣬷·ϵǳһ˸ͣϵֹ֦ǧ
µĹâϵγһص䵽һʯ棬Щʯ붼ǲ֮дűϢ
Щʯ֮ʵҺ壬Һ壬ϸĿȴֺᷢ͹̬ûʲô
ľ֮вϵĲǷ·Ǽ̲ס˾㵵֮УҶٵ˹ȥ
ɡ
ϵɫ΢䣬ＱæĽе
͡
ƺǸо˳֣֦ʱµӰӣƺޣƺǳÿһ㹻Ĵﵽ֮ȫһ
Ȼеֻ֮һĳ̶ȣô֦Ǻεȵľˡ
𡭡
һƺһӰӳ˹Ƥ棬ſµ
ߡ
ҶһҪϵ򣬵Ǿڴʱȴ㵵ķ֣ϵϴ˿˿ĵ֮ɫƺǸоԼ߽һ̬
һµɫҶıһţһ֮Уǹ棬е֦漴ջȥ
ôܣô̬
λ֮ĳ϶̲ס¶˾㵵ɫ
һ곤ҹս崴ʼѾˣʱ±Щ֮ǿ߶ҪϺܶ౶
Щ֦µһֿµᾧ֮Īã˵µĺܡ
һѾͨ飬ƽҪȡһЩľҪһԸſǿȥһ֡
ǧ֦һ𷢶ɲǿȥ׶Ըġ
ѲɵΪǵ飬ǰ֮˵Ѫ㹻ҡһ
λʯĽеǾϲ̬ĴϿʼ֡
Ҷ΢ʹ֮УӶһ¡
һ֮УһööľѾڳԲĳ̶ϿʼѸٵӶˡ
ЩɫľҶȥ۲죬Һܴĳ̶⻹ΪһЧڰԼùΧЩϹǣȻ֪ɫЧҶȴҿ϶Щʯ֮еҺҪֲࡣ
ľٵĽһööɫȥһ֮ԭǿʮֹ
ȻյЧܶࡣ
ЩԵǶһĪӰ죬ҶĲϢʼ˺ܶ࣬ľƺҲоЩ۸漴εĴԼһ䵽˼µٵעС
䡭
¶˸мֹЦݡ
Ҷҿ϶ԼľԷĵȼ߳˺ܶ࣬õĺô¶Ӱܴ
û°ɣ
Щǵʵ
û£ֻǵõһö
Ҷ쵭˵
֮һöӵɫЩʵϻмʮöԼŰ˲ͼ֮Уɵȫó
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λĳľ
ľ֮谡
ľ֮谡ȻԵõһöľ֮裬ǿԽԼ߰ʮ
һøǿǴĺǸոճֵӤ˵Ч
˵һ㹻ͻƿ
λϳ׵ĿʼĽʺˣٻʧ̬ģڼľ֮֮ȴҲ̲סʧ̬ˡ
ϣƺҮòһöľ֮軹Ǹɡ
Ҷ조ȡ˵
ʲôң
ϵϼһĶ¡
ľ֮谡ȻΪ֮ǿߣԪѾˣһöľ֮õĺã㹻ٴζʱĻ˵ĿԽԼʵٴȥ
Ȼ˵֪Ҷ֮ﵽһµ̬ĳ̶ȣһӿµľ֮󣬿һ̻ὫҶ쳹׵ĻɱȻռġ
ǰ͸ˡ
ҶǡࡱЦݣúèһͰۡ
̫޳ˣ


1027 ʥս
õһöľ֮裬κεһ˵һĪջͺôһʱģڿҶж˿˿ů⡣
ղô£
һλ̲סʵ
ҶȻҲӡ󣬶ԷΪԼҹ˳ȥ
Ҳֻ֪ߵ֮󣬱оһϤĸо漴бһö
λϵһƬ㯡
˵һǵֲȥģڶǸѧʫƪӦΪ̲صľ˴ѪĪĺøУ漴͸һöľ֮
ĵλǲͣʵǿĺܣҹս֮ж쵱ģоԼõҶľ֮ϵЩΣȴҲԸʹ˽ȥ
ܺãϷǷһ飬Ժҹս֮УϷ򡣡
ڵһµŵԡ
Ҷмĵͷ
ĺ¶ĽɫܹôǷһ飬һôµ飬¼һｫ峤ˣҲֳͽģΪϻỤġ
һ·ϵߣ˽ŲմѸٵһϡ
һ쳣ڴ浽޵·ԼλǻɱǿеķṦΰ
ϡ峤ոճأ˵˵֮Ѿڴ˵Ⱥʱˡ
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ܺãȥɡ
ܺõĵ˵ͷ
ոյ̤˲䣬һĸоѾʼҶУָоͷ·һӹһĸ顣
ɣѲɣҵǺҹսĳϵɣ
ҶЩü˼
Ǻܿı㿪ʼŲȥ
ʱĴѾմˣĴúܣ㹻ǧ˵ĳ̶ȣȻ˲٣ȴҲ㹻ĳܡ
Ҷ˫ĿҲܿһ˵Ͽ
Ӵǰ
һصɫۣ룬ͷһӵɫڣü֮һöǶУԵø⵭ȻƮƮɰ̬ںǿںһ
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һʼڣҶоԼƺĳ־޴ãȴû˸Լһʵĺ浽˼£ԼҹսѪȴҲ˵ܵӰɡ
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һԻ֮УӵҲҶȷˣһҹս峤ҹʼ
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漴һ֣ʱһλѾ֡
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ҲҪȥ̫ˣһ·λӦѾͺܶˣ㻹ʲôҪѯʵģܵѯʵĺãһһ𰸵ġ
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ȻһΪʲôֱӵĽͣҶȴǵ˵ͷ
ʮ֮ԻˣȫΪʥΪӽνˮ¥̨ȵ£ҲΪλõԵʣԲŻ˵ǿᣬ֪֮ܲУ˵ΪȫʥĳЩķ֧
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ҹʼԿĳҶı仯΢΢ĺ֮ٴε˵
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ҹʼЦ˵
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˵֮϶̲ס¶˺ǿɬ̬ȻѪϵ൱ǿҵ
Ѫһֺ΢Щε⣬ǵʵǿޱȣʥΧҲǿµģǺѪȽȴĺԶǹƣѪ൱£ԽѪϵĴŨԺʩչǿͱҲ˱øǿ󣬶ңԱѡ֮ڣĻû˿á
Ҷ˫Ŀ΢΢ӵĻǿˣҪõѪϵĴһҪڣһĿ̡
ʵϰɣҪѰԼеҲһ£Ѫڻһ⣬ҲܹؼҪǿǿĺܣԽǿԽã
Ϊʲô
ҶһǺˡ
Ϊʥս
ҹʼϴһ൱Źֵı飬ƺǲģƺǷŭǷ
ʥս
ٴεľ׽֡
һʱ仹ûжͷֻýԼĿٴεĳҹʼ˹ȥ
νʥսǽ뵽ʥһֿ飬ʵǿᣬܹӱԳΪҹսڼҵĺߣǵԼѪ֮ҪΪһҪıǲμʥս
ʥսѪȾ󣬶Ӣĵطٵź޻صսǡһϷһλߵϷҲ֮ĿϵĺгȴҪһķʽжԿķʽ
˵֮󣬼ҹʼ̲ס¶һֿɬ֮飬ȻĵѾʥս֮г׵ˡ
λߣΪϣһֲʵûа취ıʵҹսѪĺܣܿܳΪһʥսһԱ֮һʵϣҺǲϣѪŨ
˵֮ҹʼϺ¶һ˿Ц


1028 ˼
Ϊʲô
Ҷ쵹ǱһͿˣȻϣΪʲôҪԼ
ҹĻҵҲжٵźʵ̫Ŀ˵㣬һ㹻ӳǿļֵҹսƿҲǲܣ˵ȥμʥսܻܿʬڻĵأǺεȵı֮¡
˵Ҷڴ˵ĺø˲٣ܹ뷨˵һλϸ峤
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һܹ뵽֮ǿߣǺεȿµ֣еȻ޷󵽵ġ
Ǿˣȴݿڻĵ֮УһĪıҹʼȴȥλߵǿ´ǿ߶ӵĳһǿ߱㹻ҹս峹׵䡣
ǿߣֻǿ߲Żʸȥ淶ֻǿ߲ŻʸȥͶԷԿڻС
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˵֮ҹʼѾ
ȻԵЩпᣬȥ
ҶϵıΪĹŹ֣ƺûжٵıʵȴѾֿ˻Ȼ֪ʥǿߵжôĿ£㹻ȥӦ󲿷ֵ̫žǿߡ
µĹΪ֮ǿߣĻԼԵĿȥɱģǸʱԼƺǾͿѰҵںڰ˵Ϣ
ڰʹǵұ֮УԼϷ˵ϵõѶϢǺڰʹģֻҪʥ֮бҵζϢˡ
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վһԵҹս϶Щ㵡
ΪʲôȥأһԼĺûᣬֻҪʤˣұĿܣΪⲻһʻ֮춷ض޵־죬鶼Ҫհǰ˺εܹΪǿߡ
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ϵ磬һ޳㣬޼ޣٴεת䣬޵ĻӰƣȻҹʼĬĬԼ֮֮档
оԷϲҶ΢΢һΪǿĸ֮һܹ۲ҲΨһһˡ
һʱԷϵϢԼıҶסˡ

˻ڳĬʱҶȴĴһ㣬ڽ
ʱѾ뵽˲𾳵ھΪһԲ뵽̫žΪˣ̫žΪȴ˼򵥿γɵġ
ҪǻԵľ磬ڲ𾳵ھĸֲ٣Ǻܶ˶һӶ޷ȥе̸֮ȥͻƵ̫žˡ
ΪÿҪĻԵǲһġ
ҪͻƵ̫žҲҪĥʹ
ԽǴǿͻ֮ʵҲҪá
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УһУҶϿʼһз·Ҫҹʼɢɵһ㣬˫Ŀ֮еľâ˸ϡ
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ڴʱҹʼͻȻŭһ
˭


1032 ϵ
ˣ

һŭ֮ĳ֣ʱķӦ˹ŭȲϡ
һӰ˸ϣȻǱ˷֮󣬶ʱ˵ŭ
УԼҹս֮УԷεĳֵģ
ҹʼŭ˲ﵽ˼£Ҳûı㿪ʼˣ
նɱ
ۻӶһֻƻϲ֮һ㣬ɫĹâ˸ϣ˲֮Ѿ׵ľ롣
ٶҲѶã
Ҷһμҹʼֶ֣ΣȴѾһ֣ûзĿܡ
ǰսˡ
վĻǱһָֻǿеĿȥһԷѾʼġ
꣡
ҹʼ΢΢һ˼ʱ䶼ûʹãֱһֻ˶Է
սˣΪڵõ˻ƽս֧֣ҹս𣿽䱸׼κεһ˽뵽ҹս壬֮ȫıܣ˭͸¶ȥǾͲҪ峤ֶʩչ棡
ǣ
Ľ
žžž
΢΢ҶļĴ˼֮ҹʼѵõĽԭ֮ɫ¶һ˿Ц⡭
һصңþʯΧķķڽΧһغͷӡǳҪĻȡеϢҲ൱ѣǲܵġ
еĳ϶ۼһǱԭĸࡣ
оȻŰƷѪˣ⡭Ǳνķ˼ǿ
ϵ̲סĸ̾
ǰԭΪ˼˵ĳΪеǿڿĻˣǵҹսİƷѪ㹻ǳ׵Ķ֮С
λһ˵

ҹʼĿ˵
ƺûжٵĿӣüͷ˼顣
峤
ϵ̲סĽ
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ҹʼε̾Ϣһ
λҲӦ֪һεʥս֮лֺĵμӣǵҲͰˣǺǷּҵĵӲìܣȴҲΪѪԵʣ֣ĹأǾЩ֪ҶݺѪ֮󣬻ʲôٶ
һʱ˵ɫҲ̲ס΢΢һ䡣
˵ʵ̫ˡ
֮УǿΪһֿµķ򣬼ǵӣѪҲĻаƷѪ̶ȣ֮һҶİȫ൱ֵģʱĻ˵ûᱻݺһ˵ҶܹΪĵĵӣǾ׬ˣһĻǿ»ΪǼ֮ĺ¡
ʱλҲĬĬ
ҹʼĻ˵һ㶼ûȷʵһĪĺ¡
峤ʲô뷨ɣ
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ʱû˿ͷһеķ
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Ϊ峤ȴ˵Σʵɬĺܡ
ѵ˵峤㡭
ͻȻľе
ϣ뵽𣿡
ҹʼ˵
²ûдĻ峤ҪҶ°ɣ
ҹϴһֿ϶˵ȻֻѯʣԵ֮ûκεĳɡ

ҹʼ˵
ɣ
֧֡
ԲܣǱ֪齫Ϊǵֵ֮ģ

˻ڼ۵ʱҶҲչµһա
ΪţܵĴȻǺܸߵģ˷̴˳֮ҶŲ߶
ΧһĹâߣȻʱѾΪĿ֮Ҷ쵹ǲ⡣
Ԫǽ뵽ĳֺ嫵ĳ̶ˡ
ǿԪǡÿԳΪҶĻᡣ
ӰĳҶǧ֮⣬һǿµıӰߵɫһ¡
ˣǸô죿
ҹսǵ˵
˫Ŀ֮мʵĹâϵÿһοļһҹսǱ뵽Լǰȶ飬˵裬ûһΣһȴҶƷζ
ʮ
ҹϿȥƺû˿飬һ˫Ŀ֮УԹĹâȴҹսǿǧٱ
ڵǸ޷ȥҡԷʱǼĹˣһһԻᱻնɱģģСӾȻӵŰƷѪ
ѵ˵Ǿ𣿡
ҹսǵ̲סĽе

ҹﷺһ˿Ц
ǲܶԸأĹ֪Ļһô鰡
ҹЦݣҹսȻоһ˿⡭

ȫ֪ԼѾһﶢϵҶ쿴ǰһ̾
һ¿һֲ֣ʱ˵ɫĹ⻪
⻪֮ϣת֮ɫͬǵתһ㣬˿˿عŲ
ǰ߶ҶƲĿʼǹݺƤ֮ϡ
վԶǷ׷׵Ĵʧɫ
֮ͨǳϼǿ߶׵ȥġ
һλոͻ֮ǿߣǰȴ֦˲ĴɸӣΪ֮ǿǿᣬˡ
ǾڴʱǸӾ㵵ȴٴεķˣֻǧ֦û˺Ҷ췴ǴֺõζҶֱ֮ϡ
ĴŶԷϵ·Щȥͨ·ҶȴˣǾʱ߻֮ģ֮ЩƤϵ·Ѿ׵ĴµĲϴ߶
һִ
ȻĴ
ÿһ·ͬǱӡеĺۼһ㡣
زѣ΢΢һϵٴεĲ
ԭѹ˰ʮεٴε
ϵչ֣ҶȴûͻƵ֮ĳ̶ȣǼѹơ
һλվĲԶŴҶϲÿֲϴĪľ֮ɫ
Ϣ㹻ͻ̫žΪˣһĿ°
ҹʮ죬ʵˣʸӵĿ£Ϊ̫žΪһ۱㿴ҶǴʲô
ԷǴǿеȥѹϵͻơ
̫žľ粻һԽѹȥȴͻƵʱԽĺô
ʮһεѹˣһǹﰡҵҲѹ˶ʮεĳ̶ȡ
ҹʮﲻϸ̾
ǴʱҶȴһϵĸоµĲǺʼںϡ
ھµʴ֮УǲϴԼԺµֿĳ̶ϡ
ʱҶѹ൱һ£
ڿѹԼȥ˷һ˿
ŰپʮŴΣ
˫Ŀ񱩵ҶҲ¶˾ɫ


1033 ү
ŰپʮŴΣ㹻ĳţŴǼ£ʮһ˫ż£ŰپʮŴǼֻ֮д˵֮еŻֵĿ̬
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һﵽǴʲôΪʲôͻƣѵ˵һﻹҪڵһǧεѹ֮ͻƲɣҲ̫˰ɣ
ǱҶĸдȴӵǿᣬѹԼͻƣѹ˾ŰپʮŴ֮󣬾ҪͻƵ˲䣬ȴһǿҵĸоԼȥѹȥ
Ϊо֮£ŸıԼͻƵ̬ǿеѹ
ѹƵʱȴоһֲЭĹϵ
ʱֹͣԼѹơ
žż·Ωһ
νһһǧ
Ҷһǧεѹ֮ûԭϢ𽥵ļ
΢΢Ĳ֮Уһƺ̲ϵĵȻҶ𽥵Ļָ˹΢΢һ̾
һָоԼһɹĽһǧֵѹݻȥΪ̫žǿѹеǿ
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ܿұ˰ɡ
аԵ˼һ£Ҷﵭ˵
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ѭʹҶŻԼ˫Ŀ
ɺ챩ǣֱԶҹʮоһĪĿ־壬·ԼĶһɺһ㡣
һ𣿡
ﰵԵĸ̾˲ϣҲʼԽĿɬ
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ҹʮ죡
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Ҷ컺Ц
ҲһĽȻصĺǸҵĹ۲ȴԲһļһһεʥսУȻҹս壬ԵЩһǲȥĶû뵽ȴһ㣡
һйµļһ
ҶаԵĸдһ㡣
һЯѪ֮ˣ൱ΣҲΪԵʣŵҴСܵĴǲƽģǺȻģҵļֵǱ˳ȻشʹҹսӵңҲذɣ
ҹʮϴһĨЦ˵
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˴˽ļһʱȴƺһֿµĬ꣬Ժبŵ֮У˶Լû˸ı
ҪСĵҹҹսһҸղƺǿһҲıֹʲô
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ʵǽ뵽ĳֿµľ֮С
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ȥɣһЩҪһ£͵
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ҶıӰҹʮϴһĨӵĲǺܿȴٴεЦ
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ֵܰʲôʱǷųȥÿƵġ
̲סıԹ
Űɡ
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Ĺ󳹵׵о͸˵ɣҸоĳ춼ĹǱϵô򵥡
Ҫ˵䣬һĲȴߴ˳
ƺһڿԼԼȴûиоǶ
ǰ·ļһûиоԷĴڡ
øֶΰ
΢΢ĸ̾һһȴצ̬Ȼĳһץ˹ȥ

һĲҽʱ֮дԵۣȻһ˵仹

ֹһֵĳΧ漴һСһҶǰ
Сӿȥʮһӣ൱ĻãƺǺҹʼżֵƣϴʱ¶˷ŭʹɫҶ죬ʮĴҪˡ
ССү
ҶнȴѲСһǴ·֮˵Ｑæĺ
ˣ峤Сӣ顣
Ҷû˵ֻǺĿһһ
ԷȻСü֮ȴһɿµȻһʡ͵
ûſӣ֪ӵ˰ɣˣɿ
Ҷû˿ֻǽԼСһﲱϵ΢΢ɿһ㣬漴壬ͬһֻСԼǰ˵
ٸǰӣҲúõʰһ
һĵӣ˲俪ʼ÷ŭ
֪ҵ㾹ȻҶ˵ķǲǴҵһͿԽѹնɱΣ˭Ȼôİӡ
һǰصƨϴ˹ȥ
Χһʱչֳ


1034 Ѳʹս
ȻСһػܶǿߣʵĲ޲ǲ𾳵Ϊ
ò𾳵ǿػһСһ㹻ĿĳҹʼǰСһ൱۰
ҶĶԭĴ·ֱ֮ӵɵˡ
ɰˣ
ˣδܿܳΪ峤ˣҶʲôȻ˵ķ
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ҹʼԭһӣȴһεʥս֮ˣһӣȻΪ䱦һĶԴš
еҲ֪СһĴڴʲôҲ޲
ҲСһССͱ˰ԵԸ
ŭûҶע⣬ǳΧ΢΢ĿһȦ
뿪
Ϊ˭㾹ȻӵˣСӣǱҵ֪ˣˣεġ㻹˵ķӵˣǻֳ׵ѹ㣡
ݡ
ƿˣʮλ𾳵ǿ߷׷׵ĳΧڿҶȴǲǰ
Ҷ˭ƷѪţ¼峤˶ȥεĵȥﰡ
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Ļ̫ˣҶҲֻѡطˡ
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СӵĽڿΧ¾Ȼǰ̬ҲԵĵˣȻǰԵľһλħȴɵ
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Ҷص˵ͷ漴Ķߵ˻˵
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СһԴȤӸղŵĳ֮УѾо˶Էĳֿµһļһﰡ
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˵ɫ䣬һüë޳˼£㹻Ĵﵽߵĳ̶ȣϢͷţڲϵķһɫ˫Ŀĺܣ˿˿ı֮ӿ
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ܹסҶʵֻֿܣһΪԷʵĹһһѾ׵Ŀ֮ۡ
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ֻҪҵʵ뵽̫žĳ̶ȣ㹻ĺͶԷһ˿ңһԼʮԵĿԽһѹһ㡣
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ҹʼɫҲһѿĳǸˣԷǷףȻԷʵ͵λ˵ĺܣȴҲ˵
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ҹʼĺ
ҹսֻһּҶѣѵʲôҪСӣ
ڣһĹâѸٵı

Է֪̬ܵҶ쳹׵ķ֮Ȼ֮ĸǺȻȴо˶Էһǿ֮
Ѿ̬
ʵҲȷʵˡ
ֵĳ֣·һըף̼֮ٴεı
ʵĲʲôһʱ䣬Էɫʼ൱ѿȴȻĻһһ㣬ǵصĳҶչ
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͡
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գʲô˼
ҹʼλҲһɫƵĿŶԷǴʱǸֹԷж
һצۼžҪץסҶˡ


1035 Ǻ
ôĵӣõĴΪһСȻ˵ķñ
յŭ
ѾһˣֱӳΪһӣһַ̡
Ҷ첱µĵ׹Ȼ֪ʲôȴܹоصһبźĵϢĵط
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ã
Ȼ֪ҶΪʲô˵ı飬ڿ֮ĲȴдĽ
顭
ҶưŽɫĹԣƥͬһһ㣬˸֮УһƳһ˹ȥ

˫
ԷǺҶıƴҶ컹޷ڴʱ㶨ԷȴһˣȻҶⲫս
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˭ݼһѪǶԷԳܵģһ֮УȻûʸ뵽Ѳʹ֮УϾʥսһִսÿһλѲʹݶ߹˫λʵҪܸߵĳ̶ȡ
ÿһλѲʹҪ뵽Ǿ۷ſԣʲôֻһλеĴʶ˰ˡ
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ڳ˲סˣҹʼʹ㼶Ҳ̲סĸоԼﲻϵĵҶĳҲ̫İԵ˵ɣһƵ˦ȥԷ׵Ĵˣ
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쵰쵰գԼ˽ģҪȥϱ壬ϱȹ壡
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1036 ǿĹ
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1037 ֮
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ѪɣÿһѪһǿߵ־ȻյʵֻдǾڶΪȴҲһλʵĴǿߣÿһѪ˵϶˽Ĳ
˲Ĵ˵棬γһƬԪΧĹ󳹵׵
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1038 ݺ
һȻһ֮ԭˣʵ㹻ı֮дǿߣȴ䵽˵̬֮УȻǿɱĺܡ
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أʥ˲һԷҲ࣬ӵĺû˿ĸϵǶԷıһ
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оеĲҶüͷ΢΢һһλϤӰƺԭڱҹĲǿߡ
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ǵˣǴҪȥһµĻҲһѡ춼ĵط


1039 
һҴ뿪ıӰҶ΢΢һòƳȥҲһѡ
ౡ
һͻȻĴĳ֣漴ҶļҲһë׵Сһ
Сһ￪ĵĻԼСצӣȻʱŰ˲ͼУǰﻵˡ
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ҹսǳ˵ǴһְȻλ̬ǻ֮Ŀǡ
ߣһҺֻҪš
ҹɫһ䣬ԷͿ൱Ĳˬ
ϵһɱ֮Ҳ漴ĲоҹϵϢ֮ҹսǵɫסΪ֮һ䣬漴Ц˵
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1040 ҹϵˣԶ
Ȼ˵Ҷҹսûжٵϵӵûʲô飬ҹս֮ϾѪϵĽϵġ
漴Ŀһҹʮķȴ㵵ķ֣Ѿڸղ뿪ˣȻ˵֮󼴿̵뿪ˡ
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1041 ¶ɺ죬ֲ飡
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1042 һ
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ǵ˲䱻˺ѣ͵İΧסҶ壬һֲڷУÿһεУռвĺڰʢ֣ߵһֻڹ꣬ڹĴŵ棬ϵļӳ֡
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ߵĽ״εĽӴһ
顭
Ҷ˲ı˳ȥ˵ľһǿҵĲ·Ǳһ˵Ĵɽݺݵײһһ㡣
͵ĲûиĻᡣ
ðԵĽֶΡ
һֵľȳС
͵ǸӵľȣĽõεǿ󣬼һλ˲֮ǿ˵Ľ֮󶼻˲ĪѹģҶȴֻڿз˼ζѣû̫ܵ˺
һɿµĺС
Сӱɣ
дŭ
ǲм˵
㡭ˣ
ƿһɫߡ
ɲУݺ߲һڽΧĿȫ
Ҷɫˮ岻ܣֱӭȥ
ǹӶ
ʮơ
еĺ
ʱ˶һĪѹ
İڤʼû˿ĲСͱ
ʲô
þ˵ĻһʩչȻҲĪĿ־壬·ǾǾ񣬸ûа취ȥֿ
һҹսΪʲôû˵
൱ÿµֶΣԺͶ൱̫ˡ
͡
˵֮УҶĳǹȻĻ˷ǧݺݵص͵λá
䡭
ʮ˱˲ıŷ˳ȥ
ɫĽ֮ʼѸ͵Ĳ
ʮ˱һȫ֮ǿ߶޷ȥĮӣǲӡ
ȻǾţȴҲû뵽Ҷ֮ԷʩչУо⾪˵ѹ
䡭
ٴε֮У͵屻ɡ
һһֲǴɽǹȴ͵Ĵ̴˲񷣬ݺݵسͻĴɽصѹ
һ̣ǲһֱԷƿĸо
¡¡
Բ׵ĵ̼䱻ĵƤǵ涼³ʮ׵ĳ̶ȣΧĽǿе顣
һѷжӰҶﵭ˵
㡭Ҳˣ


1043 ˼
һ仰Ƶ·ûд˿ŭ⣬Ǿ㵭ȴӵˡ
εĲǵãԼ͸Ҷһ仰ǶԷȴڴʱ͸ԼǳԹڴһǵôĶڴ
˵ĴţƵĺأĻƺҲ˰ͻ൱ĸġ
ҹ̲סֹ
СʵȻһ㣬ģϵĹȴԿԳ˳ˡ
Ȼ⻰֮еƽǲ󣬵ȴ㹻Χ˶
һʱΧ޲ǲٵ϶ʼ¶˹Źֵı顣
֮ɫǶǵǿ裬ҹս̫ĹˣԼ˴ˣһ˵ķ
ȴƺˣһʼʱ򣬱ȥҶҹսġ
ȿȿȡ
Ŀʼ߶Χһ谭׵ɨ͵ٴγ˿֮У޾Ϳֲѹ
͵˫Ŀ
µ˫Ŀݺ᲻ϣУ絶Ĺâ㹻ĶһС
ŭ
εܹҶĻʵٴ͸ûиһۣڵ
СӣУΪǿһǿǳʱٸһʱ䣬ʵ»ᳬңǾԲڣ
߰Ҷղŵľٶ
ܳԵװȰɣղŶ˳ȥڻڰһǴү̬ڸ˭
ҹŭ
ǿҪôͶôҹս˶ȴԵø⶯˻Ǻôĵӣ˵ķǵ޲һԱŭ⡣
СӣҪΪҹսұ㲻նɱ㣬նɱС֮һǣҵҪ˭˵סҡ
͵ﵭ˵
ǽıһղžȻҶ˳ȥ
Ҷȴû˿Ĵ⣬ʵҶ۲ͣԷһţһǧ֮ڵб㲽뵽̫ž۷壬Ǵﵽ֮һ˿Ѿһ˿Դﵽĳ̶ˡ
ʸҶǿʵˡ
͵ĺ
˵òƻûʸҶá
Ҷ쵭˵
䡭
һɿµȻղĳٱĳ̶ȣ裬˿־岻ѵĲıһ־˵Ĳ·һĿֲϢ
ϢҶ첻ɵ뵽Լ֮ǰһ֮УаĲǰһĲȫһ¡
һԷаϢӵĿֲ쳣
һŹսľǿߣ
һأȴ쳣ǿߣ
ͺҶսѾ˺ܶ˵ע⡣
ǲٹϵļ嶼ڰԵע⵽
ѣ𣡡
߷ͬһֲһ㣬ҶѸ͵Ļ˲ӰʼΧȥ
һͬѹص趯ضڲޱȣƺսϣħƿʼγɣѹѹһƬƺΪֲĩһ
һֶޱȵÿһ˿ĺܣǴﶼᱻǿеɵģ͵ƱղǿϵҲѸ
ҶʵȻƾĸͶԷ໥ĿʵȴھСڶԷٱĳ̶ȡ
һεȫȻҶĽֿ
һеѣֱӵ˱ķ෢ŭ裬ѹΧĿǱǿеѹ
Сӣ
һдĵضɽҡ޶һɿµ룬ǵΪ촷ۣһж˵㲻ʲô
׵磡
ĺȵ
Ҷѩǹʼŷϡ
׵硭ҶһλǿߵļлȡĿ¾ѧԭһǹҶʩչһǹ˲ѾӳΪֲĳ̶ȡ
ѩǹγɵʱ׼Ȼѣȴ޸ĳ̶ȣѩǹ޲Ĺ֮Уǽ˹ԡ
ʩչһм׵ѾеġٶȡϢ
죡
쵽˼£
ÿһǹӰĪ̲ĺâ֮УȥԷı塣
ϡ
ߵٶѾﵽ˼£ÿһεײǧĲӰ
͵ŭ𲻶ϵȼգŭƺҲ̲Ϣÿһ߻û
ҶȴҲǹһǹУϵĵֿǲϵĽϸӿ񱩣ʮƵļӳ㹻κεһΪ֮
䡭
һһεٴε쳹
һչĲƿʼ֮޲촷ۡ
ҹʮɫ΢΢һ䣬ʩչ֮ͨԼȫİΧ뿪ʮ֮⡣
ʱѾΪһƬķ棬ԽսԽƣŭҲԽľˣÿһεĽ޲һŭŭ쳹
಻ϵͬһˮȻʵĲ
飡
վĻ͵ʱḻĺܣڷҶһ˿֮Ѹٵ߼һ߹ԣѸٵҶļ
䡭
֮ͬСɣѸٵҶ嶼Ϊ֮˰׵ĳ̶ȡ
ѹ
߷ɣѹơ
һεӵĿ񱩡
ߡ
һͻأĴֻҶ徹Ȼûܵ˿˺һ㣬ǹѾĵâٵһš
䡭
ֲĹâٴεıը˾㵵֮УһĽâٵ趯Ҷ徹Ȼһ׵ٶȼӳ֣һǹû͵š
ȼյĽâ·ǽɫһ㣬ٵĹע˷һѪҲ޷ܺƿأǿе
顭
ǹҶ˲оһħһ㣬Ȼûжٵʧ
Ը̾һ֮ǿ
㻹
ʮȻķҶΧγޱ·ص·µĲǿߵע⡣
ۼһǹѾЦʼ¶Լ
ҹսһţȻǱѰ̵ϣ֮Σ
һȻڿдݳϢҶ˲⵹ʴˣһɿֲѾ׵ֻҪٴεĳ֣ԵĻԷĺɱ
Ӱĳ֣Ӱĸ֣ҶüͷҲԵ
˼ˡˣ
ҹʮߵ


1044 ¡ɱ
Ҷ΢΢һһˣϵı鵭Įĺܣͫȴ񽣣ˣעС
Ӱĸֳ֡
Ӱһһһһ׳
𽥵վĻǽԼ®ɽ֮ʾ
һһŮҶ֮УӶԷ֮ҶѾԼעŮӵϡ
һ߲ϼ£ɷص߲ɫâŮһ㣬˸ϣһۿȥ˲俪ʼʥϢ·ǲȥ¡
һ޵棬һöɫˮΰˮӡţ·һ㣬žӨԣ˺ȥĮӣصζÿһöˮĴ£ƺǿ˲١
˳ˮ£һЦ˵پ֮дѩɫ⸡Ļɫ˿˿Ĺӣһɶ칤絶ľ¡
ȶˣͦ˫ӴԼһװ˶ĳ̶ȣǱԷŮҲǰһ㣬Ӧһĳ̶ϣ߶Ů֮Ҳеġ
Ҹӹؼ߶֮£Էǽ໥Ľһ𣬱øȻ
ѩɫļ紫˵еɼǣӨӨĹԣϵʥ࣬ޱȵʥСһӸ߸ߵϵֱӲ˼Ůһ㡣
ŮֻС
֮ϴһĨĽͬһֻķһ㡣
ʵϣȷʵŽʱֽΧӵϱԿĳ̬ȻŮһʮһһλǿ
ӶԷֿʼҶע⵽˶ԷϵֲֿĲ
̫žΪ
һµΪҶ츳ݣϵľѧ֪Ůӵʵ֮ȴҲ̲ס¶һ˿ʡ
һֱܣ
ǿĴȥȡǰŮӿȥҲǶʮĳ̶ȣȴѾΪһ̫žǿˣ޷󵽵Ŀֲʵ
ǿʵһһλ˫Ů϶ԷľֶκͿµʵԼŮӳֵʱҶѾ϶һݣӦñǷ˼λˡ
ҴӶԷϢϣҶ컹ж˳ղϵԼˣӦñǴˡ
һﾹȻܹҵвоȻʵϾԲͱϵ򵥵ġ
̫žǿȻµĺܣȴҲԲҶо˵вܹвĿֻһˣһﻹʵ뵽˹ڷ˹λŵĴ˵Ҷ첻ɵٴε뵽˹ڷļ䡣
ļ֮УڷļضǿģԵõѪеĳֿµͨһʩչضʲôµġ˵ĻŮǲˡ
ߡ
Ҷ˫ĿһĿŮӣλȴ൱ˬ
˲ʮ߰ģ࿡ͦΣ˫һԵɫ˫ĿϵıĹâĹâ޲ǳҶ쿴ȥġ
ܳʲôɰӢͿһ˫۵Ҷ𣿡
ʱҹѾҶ쾴ޱǿȻǱӵı֮ȵĲˬ
̲סĽе
һͯ޼ɣ˵˺ܶ˵Ϊ̵Ů˽ı˶ǿߵע⣬ʱȴʸŮߣ㹻ǵļ
ߡ
ӵĺһȻû˿ķӦǽסһȴ˿˿ɷҴ¶̬һԵڷŭĺܡ
һ˿µɷʼӶԷϱ˳оɷ֮Ҷ죬ɫ΢΢һоǴɭɭĽ֮иоĿֲϢ
ĻӦñˣܹͻƵǸεӦñˡ
˵ʵҶ֮۵Ĺ۲¸ûаĶӡ
ڿһʵ֮ȴ̲סĿʼһһʵȻﵽ֮ΪȻֻС죬ȴµĺܡ
춼ƺǶЩͷ˰ɡ
䡭
һĪϢӶԷϱ
еľֱҶ죬ϽޱȵĿҶ˵
ߵ˷ſ
û˿أͷ·һʵͷ·Լ£Լǰ¶˵֮ɫͣҶüͷ΢΢
ôļӰ
ʱѾҶ쳹׵ҶиоҶûгֻҪԼԵĶӭԷĽһ൱ʵĸо
Сӡ㲻ɱңҵĶܣʵѾΪһǿߣǵɱң㽫Ĵ׷ɱģҹս嶼ұ֤㣬㶮𣿡
֮ĸֳΪһı־һ㣬˵ɫĸıԭڱӵҹҲ̲סСϴһ˿ʵ΢ȴ᲻֪֮ǿߴʲô
֮ǿߺĳ֣һ֣ǾԵ⣬һ֮Ǵﵽһʲô̶ȣǶԼȥƿص˵ġ
ʱҲסĳҶ쿴˹ȥ
ҹʮɫҲڲϵĸıţѾ𽥵ĳǵƿأһ漰֮ǿߣκε鶼Ѵ
Ҷ˫Ŀ΢΢𵭵˵
в𣿡
ޱϲ˺ѸоҶ˼ҹʮɫȴ΢΢һ䣬Ҷ֮Уоһ˿µɱ¾֮
ҪôĻҲô˵ҾвˣСӣڸһᣬڵϣңõҵ½⣬ΨһĻҲһλᣬһ㵨˵һ֣һἴѹ㣬ǵҹսҲ˵ʲô
ŮӦñǷ˼ķẒ̇ͷ˹ԵǿʼˣеĸֻûеҵˡΣ
оҶϵıϢԽǿᣬҹʮ첻µزµȴҲЩͷ
ˡ𣿡
ạ̊́ԷԵڿԼڹ۲ͼҵԼȱ㣬ʱҶܹҲһ¡
Ҷ˭첻µز֮ˣǾ߱ħ½ħ˭˵вıǱв
ССڹ˵ҲҺҽа壬ɱˡΣ
͡
һǹӰ˸ʱ޷ŵУһֲǹĳкͰΧѸٵ˺Դһ곹׵ıҶɵǵ˵潫Ǵ޷űԴӵǰ


һֿµĽһΨҶĽ
ҶɵѾԷ㽾׵ĵô˵˺ˡ
¡ɱң


1045 Ѫ

ȫļž
ʱ޲Լ۾ޱȵĿǰһС
ϵı˲ĴڿҶ֮оͷ·ڿһħһĿֲ
鶼ѾزˣҶҲû˻˵ʲôϾҶǿѾӡ˵УƾŲ𾳵Ϊսʤ˲ֻһλ̫žǿߣѹˡ
֮ǿȴ˵ķһ
̵Ҳɵ¶һĨ㵣С΢΢ſһǴһ˿˿Ĵ͡
ǳŮϵģ֮Ҷ죬ν鰵ˬĺܡ
ҲװƣţԼѾˣ׵ĳ̶Ȱˣ֮˸оĸţҼûҹսǿ֣߳Ҳȥǡ
֮һǿߣ˲
Ӳ㣡

˲Ĵ
һǵôˣǵŷ̵棬ݺݵظһơ
ɫ˲
嶼΢΢Ĳ
Ȼ˵Ĵ磬Ƕ磬ûжٵĸ飬򹷻ÿˣ
ҶΪ׵ļŭ

Ȼŭһ
ž
еȺݺݵзһǿռ֮ѾԼĿʼγϸ΢ѷ졣
ˣһȽϣҲĹԺء
ҹֹϵı飬ǽһ˷ܰߵĶԿԵĸо˽ҶΪǸ
켴ҹս϶ҲģСӣǱģ
ڳɫʼ仯ﾲ
֮ǿߣ
֮ǿѾˣһƿ֮󣬿ԿһƬĿռ䣬һƬռ֮УǾ񣬾ǿµĴڣ޵е
ʱԵıҪͨҪҶս
һ֮ǿߣһ𾳵ޣԿôʲôսҶȴ˿˿ЦƺǶһʵδ⡣
һȤأ
̵ϴ˿˿Ц⣬Цеıȴǰ޾ɱ⡣
ҵϢѾ¶ˣ˭

䡭
飡
Ʊŷ˫ʱ·һϹŵĴֻһ㣬޾ѹʼǿգɵ㹻Ķأ쳹ڡ
ˡ
ǹ貵Ĺ⻪ϣȻվ
׷ѩȴ·һص
𾳺֮
˵̲סֹǳڴȻһսһʲôȴеĳ뷨
ҪѪΪҵǵѪǣγҵūĽҵĳͽ䣬ͷ­ҵľƱܹĨȥҵ裬һλ֮ǿߵ裡
Ҷ쵭Ц
ߣ˵ĺֻһСС㵨ҷҹս壬㻹Ǵ˵ˣһ֮ΪҲ𾳵ΪԿ˵ֱ׳㻹Ƥ˼°
Ҷ첻мЦ
Ȼ˵ǿ۸ûʲôȴҲԵĲӮ˵ͣһλ֮ǿȥһλ𾳵޶ԿӵĿӵ
ߡ˵ˣҲֻˣ˭ǵҹսǿҲ˿ĸı䣬Ļּ⣡
蹷ƨ
ͻȻһŭ
಻ϣǿգ·һλԶŵŭһ㣬һ׵翪ʼ裬·ҪⷽԲĿռȫƿ
˵ѹǷĲ̬ͬǳܲסŭѹ
һ³˵嶼̲סĿʼ¶һĨ֮ɫٵ߶ʼԼ壬ȫĵֿסı֡
ǲٵȴ¶˾ϲڴɫʲôһλ֮Ĳ̬Եҹսǿ
ռһѹʼչ˺ѣӰ˸ϣ֮УµĺӰѾ
֮Ǽʮλ̫žǿߣ
ƺƵļʮλǿһ֣ն̲סڲγ·ЩܲסŲľ˲ơ
ԵޱȵϢʼݺݵײŵ棬ѵĵ棬˿˿ĳѹΪһĪĺۼ
ɴ˿ɼǶôľˡ
ǳǡ
ҹ¶˿ĵɫǵѾŶԷЦϵĿ˹ȥ
ǡҹսǿ߰
д˾
ʱǽһѿղŵ԰ĽƺѾʱѾﻢˡ
ȺϼһΪʲô
̲סŭ
ɫŤ˼¡
˵һΰҲҳҲڼ⣬ĺܰ
һλϵƻӶϴŲˬı飬ֵĶ֮УſµϢХ
ž
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Ҳּ⣬Ҫ㰤һġ
ⳤϾȻֱӵĶˡ
㡭
û뵽Է˵־ͳ֣ʵȻǿᣬȴûжԷֲΪĶӣһֱصĺܣʵȴһţĻҲôΪ֮ǿˡ
ԭҪγ֮󣬳ΪһǿߵĴǿ֮У׵ˣŶԷĳ֣ĻᶼûС
ҶϻһŹֵĻߣҲһﵹùֵĳѵҹƢĺܣȴǡõǵȻǳһ浹
ʱļʮλ̫žǿ߸֮Уλ֮ǿߣƣ춼֮ж˸ȥǣֺοһˡ
СղŻ˵϶꣬ǲǻζˣԼʵﵽ֮˵ķˣô簡
žž
ٴεǶ⣬תöĺܡ
ʱǽһŭȴȥ׵ĳ֣ȺָǳصģȷԼǵҳֵĻȺǿ߾ԵĻĳѹԼ
ռ֮бγһŹֵĳһλ걻һƢ𱬵ͷϵĻӶֱۣÿһεĻӶһ
СС廹ǷҺҹսа壡
£ô磬ҹսҲ̫˰ɣһȺǿ߶һˣǿᰡ
ɫȻıô˵棬Ѿ׵ʧˡ

Ҷڵ̲סĴЦ
ЦεȵĴ̶
갡ƤģӲ𾳵Ϊȴһֱѹƣ廹ǿᰡ
һɫ׵Ť
Ȼ˼˵˰
֪һôǿᣬʵȴҲֻǸӲļһѡ
ꡭСһλǿߣСıѹ
ǰǰ˼ѹԣǲҰְ
˵ѪʱһķӿڵһϲǿеĴ̼£ʹ֮У˲һѪ
֮ǿߣѪˣ


1046 ӿ
Ѫɣ
ϣϸ첻ϵĸıţϢ֮дһֿµ˸޷ĿƣΧĿռϢı䣬Ħ
֮ǿߺεǿ󣬺ε죬һ˿˿ҵ㹻˸оһεѹ
һ֮ûжֱ㱻ѪǺεȾ˵ĳ̶ȣǿ˵ѾǺ˼µ顣
е鶼൱ĹŹ֣ǳֵĳϸЩƵüͷ
һ֮ޣȻᱻѪҲ߯˵ɡ
һʱֻоԼһĶ£һ̣ٴεľʹ̲סİһķٴεһѪ
̫ʵ̫ˣһ۸Ҳ˵ķɡ
λϣ鲻ΣһǷ˼ٴλˣ
򹷻ÿأͷ˹֮ĳֵԼڿȻŰ̬վĻ̲סĿ

λϵ˫ĿĳŻ̿˹ȥ
໥ĿʼǶǻµϹȻԲ²⵽ԷݣĽȴѾ˶Է뷨
˰ɣѾѪˣǶˣҪ˵ģȻǵ˶ûˣʹհɡ
һλ̲ס¶˱˵ɫ˵
飬޳̬ܵǻ̹Ϊ֮ŮһŮϵ־ﵽĳ̶ȣȴҲ̲סķһ˿ۣ촽΢΢ĳ鴤¡
̫޳ˣ
̫޳ˣ
ǵ͵ռ˱˻԰
СӣԺҹս֮ƵߣҪΪҹսʵͿ۸ҹս˻ûб΢̶ȡ
һλ˵
㡭
̲סĻҪ˵ǻȴѾ΢ס
һӿνǶˣҿѾΪеһĪĳ裬ǳ޷󵽵Ŀֲ;ˣ
װƵúûʵװʲôưѵ˵⡭
ҹСֹ֪ôʹ˵ĶС
Ҷ뿪ıӰһĶ£ҹĻ֮ɫһ漴תΪϺɫ˫Ŀ˺â̲סһҲе˵ϡ
һ֮ǿ߾Ȼǿе˹ȥ
ܹһλ֮ǿεҪܶôǿŻﵽ̶ȣڳ޲һ־㵵˼µȥҹսˣĸоİԵа֮
ͬʱԭԸҹսҲ׷׵Ĵͷ
̵һд˿˿ɷԭĿģԼĿĲûдﵽһ˽ԵʵҹսٴεıһµĲΣԭĸӰȴʧ
쵰
ŭ
ǿӰʧѾһԽĳֽ䱸
µҶ죡
ߵ̲סһ



̫ˬˣûпһιȥʱϵֱ飬̫̼ˡ
ҹϴʹı飬ϵĶߵǽе
ǰҶڵȴûһ̬üͷƺ˼ʲôһ㡣
һΣĳҹս嵱Ҫһδ鰡
ҹʼﻺ˵ϵıࡣ

λĵͷ˵
ôˣǲǴһʤ𣿶һһʤ̰
ҹ̲סĽе
ߡһȻĳ֣նɱֱϵѪףǴĴһ⣬һССԭȥǵģûʵֻʱԵڿʼַһļӦӵеı֣ܹγֵԭֻһԷҵѣ
ҹʼıԽ˵
ĵ˵ͷ
ȷʵ˰ʵǶҪСܶ࣬ĵ
ҹʼ˫Ŀĺâ
һ˵ģǷ˹˺һ𣬿˵ãԷѾˡ
Ҷüͷ΢΢
ƺµķ֣Ҷı飬ҹʼĶʱһҶʵ
죬ûʲôˣʲôֱ˵ɡ
Ҷ˫ĿһĨ⵭˵
ֻЩɣΪ̵Ůӣʮ֮˾žǷ˹ţԷǿᳬҵѰ֮ǿߺѸôǿѹȴһڿʼʱԷϢֱңҸоһֿµв·ʱնɱһ㡣
һʱ˵̲ס¶һĨ㵵ɫ
Ҷʵǵڶûһ˽⣬Ǵʱȴ˵Լов
ѵ˵
ҹʼɫɵÿ䡣
ļλ϶һЩˣǶʱҲץסеһ˿Ҫ
ݱ¶ˣ
䡭
ޱߵɱʱĿʼҹʼ˫Ŀм
ҹս֮п϶˽ҶϢ˳ȥҲΪʲôǻ̶ҶĪɱԵʡ
ģ˭˭
Ƣһλ̲סŭ𲻶ϡ
飡Һݺݵزȥ
ҹʼĽ
˵λүҹսһλ𾳵һٰ
һλŵ֮ɫޣǿ϶ĶԼߵͬ˵
УѾʲôϢˣҿ׶˵ģҹսǿߴˣ֮˺ǿգ񷣬Ǽжѣ㽫λүȺնɱˣпǰһһǿ֮ƵͰ
ߵĻ鲻м˵ȻĲ⡣
ǶУҿġ
˴ŵıЦʱһΪ˼˰ͽĶ󣬼æĽе
˵˵λ𾳵Ƿôǿ󰡣𾳺̫ž֮ǿȽϲɲһ㰡
С㶮ʲôԷǿǿ󵽵ġ
˵춼֮żʣŴеԽԽ࣬ҶʵҲԽ
˵Ҷһλһǿֻγɵ
һڿǻˡ
ҹʮﵭЦ
У飬Ҳϲ𣿡
Ҷ첻мЦ
ǰ˵鲢ϲġ
ҫսлһգֻϵʵµԼ㡣
죬Ӧң˵һεʥսĻ㡭չһ
Ҷüͷ΢΢
ƺԼɣ㲻ġ
ҹʮմ˵ͻȻڴʱһĺɫϼ΢΢ϢտʼҶϿʼȥ


1047 еɱ
ռϣ·һϼĳ֣ΧĿռڷ
ߡ
һУҶ΢һѸٵյγɣϹ⻪˿˿Ļ羹ȻȼյһƬգɼҶеĻԷӵĿֲ
ѽ
һ֮Уʱһɫϼ⳹׵ıѹ
һƬɫֽŰҶǰ
һʼɢıһӰʼ֣
Ҷ֣̻ڷ˸оһᣬҶֲμӡ
̬̻˭ֻĻ֮ҶҹʮϲĿʼ¶һĨ㵵ı飺
ôȥμأѵ˵С椿㲻ɣ
ҹʮı൱Źֵ˵
ڿʲôЦ𣿡
Ҷüͷ΢΢˵
ǻ̱ˣҶȻֻǼһΣǶԷȴҶһɲĸоⲢָʵǶԷģȻȥʥķ·һλ֮ϵŮҶȴԴиоһһĪҰĵŮˡ
Ů˿ҰģҿдҰģǶԷҰѾ漰ǸоһεԷҲԼ
ȥĻҲҹսͷģȥĻԷǲ⣬ǹ׶㣬ѷһС˵㡣
ҹʮһĸղſЦֱ飬˵
ȻҹʮҲо˻̲һ򵥵
İɣһһСĵģԷǿȻ֪ʲô̶ȣһǺŵĿȥʰҲҪʶһ£֮ⷵԼѪ֮еõ˺εı졣
˸
춼Ƕ֮أ̨Ƿ˹֧֣֮˵֮ǿѹ
ԴҶսǿ֮ʱ伸е˶
顭
һǿײʼⱬƵĳ֣һȭ绯˻ε̬ݺݵسһȪȥ˲伸ʮֵˮ׵ĸ߶ȣһˮҳΧɢһ޴ĹŽѸٱһƬˮ֣һĽ
֮ɫ޺޵ĿԼƣʱһ㹻ĿĳʱеԹͷߺѾﵽһô˵ĳ̶ϡ
̣㾹ȻҹսȥμᣬһΨһһˡ𣿡
ݺݵסԼȭͷɫԽ
˹ԳһűԴıȡԼ棬ȴ֪Լϲ˵ı΢ģǲܹԴС
ʱΧλߣϴ˿˿ɷЩ˵޲Ǵ̫ŵϢ̫ŸӵĹϺ͸ϢһȺ֮ǿߣǱ֮Ϊǿʵˡ
֪ҹսʥеĳЩҲ໥ĦеһλƺѲʹ
һλߵ΢ϴ˿˿Ц֮ɫ˵
˵ĻƺǿֺһˣǿŹͬĵˣòӵĻ˫ġ
˵λϵҲ¶ͬɫѾ𽥵Ŀʼ˹嵱Լ
˲Ϊ𣬴ʱ𽥵ĿʼΪԼļ忼ǣΪ˼棬Ǻķѵٶ࣬εۣȴҲóȥ
˫Ŀ΢΢Ŀգ
Ҷ졭ҵŰɡ

˸λھҹս֮һĵط
ҶٶȾ˲ǰӵʱѾԦǿĲڳ⽣֮ļӳѸٵ
һɫϼ⿪ʼγɣݻΪ··â֮γһ޴ķ˻ӰϷǳ˵ĹԣĴϱԿĳⲻһ򵥵ĵط
֮ۿʼðĹƣ˸֮֯ΪصϢ֮۵Ĺ۲֮£ķ˸·ǱȫĶһ㣬κε޲۲ķֺ¶

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һĪȻԼ֮ȫĵֿƾԼ֮ʼӳȴ޷ȫĶԷ֮ļӳ֣ҶȴԸоһλŮӵӰ
ԷһŻ棬ܵȼգڻм䲻ϵѹǴʹ·
Լ֮ҶǿԸо̲֮һ˲õ
ǡ𣿳˴˿ʱˣÿֲ沨صǿ̬ӦҲһ˲ѵǷ֮Ĳ𣿡
ҶаԵ˼
еĲӸоˣȷʵһĨ˵Ѫ൱ľѵõĻв˾֮ҡһֻƷ͵ķѪ
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أ
Ҷ쵭˵
漴΢ƺѸٵĽԼĿ⿪ʼĳȥһӰٻʢޱߵȻϢ
ǻ̡
ˡ
̵˵Ҷжϴͥ

ŮҶĽ䱸ν൱ǿ
Ҷѵ˵Ҫһֱ䱸Ųɣ˵̻Ե𣿡
ƺǿҶĽ䱸֮ɫ̲סĶ㽿
СŮ̬дŸʵҶ̲סһվŵһЩˣ׷׵һڿӷǱȻסˡ
ҶеĽ䱸ȴﵽ۷壬ɫ΢΢¶һ˿ааЦ⣺
ȻΪҶˣҶĳͺյĳΪãѵҼվȥ𣿡
һʱվڻߵһɫʼ
̵ݺ͵ȵĸ߹󣬴û˵˷ĵϷҶ컹ǵһѹǻ˵̬ǻ̱˵Ҳ̲סĿʼ¶һĨصŭ⡣
ҶΪҶ֣ⲻǿ׻ѣҶȴڵűˣ˿ûȥӡ
̵Ĳˡɣ
ŶԷǱŭ̬ҶȴаЦˣ
룡
һһãҶеǽһǻ̵ȴ𽥿ʼָ
ʼ֣ȻѾжޱߵŭ⡣
ߡ
ߣ漴ת뿪
С޳ܣߴ޳ܵͺèͱȾˡ
Ҷ
ڽ뵽˲䣬һɿµϢȴѸٵĽķ˸Χ
һɽѹƣһķѸٵİҶĵֿնɱζ
Ҷɫ䣬Ļһɽ΢ȴƺǴħߣȻ̤
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֮ʼڣǹϢ˲Ļ
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̵΢ֲźۼĿʼΧӶ˼¡
С椡ȻҪѹң
ҶЦ˵


1048 ģ
ĻȻĲһĹ󣬶·ȴԲȻһķƷһ֮ǿ߶һĳ̶ϡ
Ҷﵭ˵
Ҷˣεǿ󣬵ȴҲ޷ǵҹսȽϣ̿˵ҹսĲȫһλǿƾԼ漴ѰĹֲóģڲǳһƿغͷ˲Ĵݻһеߣǳ֮дŰǧϸ΢ǳڲһݻȻ󷨺Ԫһ㹻ıİ֮࣬˵ľٶȣҶֻҪ̵⴦˸𣿡
ԷضҶ죬ȻǶҶ˵ǲͬ
Ҳ˵ѣ
Ҷת˵
㡭
⻰ץĳ嶯˵棬˵ʲô˼ԵľԼķ˸
Էʵǿĺܡ
̲סٴεıȭ
ˡϲˣ
̵Ｑĺȵ
ǡ
ʱķ˸ԵֻҶһˣҶԷҲԵѾ׼ˣ̵Ѹٵһȿʼ
ɫɽ߱ȫİȥһƤңʣµıص⣬ζ˱ǣ˸žӨĹâ
ɫеı˪㣬ɫɹ
㹻Ҷ춼Ϊ֮
˹ʵ̫̫ǿ˵㡣
ǾƷã
һ֮Ҷȴ̲ס¶һ˿⡣
ƷãһֿµĶȻ˵ڱϣƷõӺͨûʲôھƷõڲȴſ¶أһʳüһλ֮ǿҲֿܹ˲䱻ȫжʷʳ˾Ʒûǹʳ֮ǿ߲
ǲɷϣƷõζȴ˼伫ƷǾƷõζжȴҲʳãȻ˵ԿţȴҲһ棬ؽƷõζ˳
ҶֲҪᣬǾ˴֮ľƷãصĶԲԭʮ֮һѣҶֵΪȫĿȥӵеĶذɡ
ЦЦĿҶ졣
ϡеʮ֮ţǾͲǾ綾
ҶЦֹǱҲƷ൱ĵӣҶ˭֮ľǰ߿յһеĶԺ͸֮ת֮İ£ҶȫаտӵԷġ
˵Ʒһ˼亱ζһҶĳνմ˲١
˵ľȻѸٵ˺ѿһֻ漴ǾӨⱩ¶˳
Ҳ漴ﵽһµĳ̶ȣζҶԹ˺ܶʳȴҲûбǰƷøǿҵˡ
ٵҧһڣʱһǿҵ֮ѾʼѸٵȫ
ˬĸоҶʳ
һ˿㵳ڻ̵ϣû뵽Ҷ쾹ȻĸҳԣһԵôʹ죬ԭ뷨ȫĲϡ
ѵһĲеĶ𣿡
Ȼ
ֻҶĽһֻƷý֮󣬾ȻƻӶٴεĽҧһֻ˹ȥ
̵΢䣬Ҫ˵˭֪ҶɫͻȻһ䣺

ϵĵһţе̬Ҷ˵
Ҷôˣѵ˵ûеֿס𣿡
ȴԽĵҶѾȷˣԷܿܳΪԼĴУƷ㹻ĽԷĥޣʱԪ˵Ҫȥμһεʥսˡ
ǳһڶѣͷ˽ⶾҩں
ҾȻˣҧһڵģҾȻҲˣǼӵؽҵĳǰûˣˣˡ
ݺݵҧ촽棬ŭʱĿʼչˣ
ǣĳǣƭôǳǣ
漴Ҳ¶˿˿ĺ⣺
Ҷ֣òҲ̵ĳǰɡ
ҧгݵ̬ں޲õĽҶ˶ҧ
ǺȻĴʱǿеİסеĿֲɱ
Ҷһ޹ĿŶԷ޹Ӷʱûʼһ̫ˡ
վߵһλϸ̲ס¶һ˿ŹֵɫҶȥľƷһֿµĶҩľ˶Լһλ֮ǿ߶ĮӣеĶѾʮ֮ţǾ˵Чȴ޷ȥС̻ȷ½ҩŻɣҶȴ˿⣬Խľ
̧ͶԷ໥һۣǴӶԷϿ˱˴˵ɱ⡣
ֻӶ̵˵
֪ҶǷĺ̶һأ
Ҷüͷ΢΢һЦЦĿ˻һۣС̫˫ĿɢĹԷ·Ҫ̵һ㣬ȻȥֿеĻңȴɿԴио
ԱˣòҲǲ
΢΢һʱȻĸоԼȥʮļһǰȻһȵ޷ƿеǿҵѹԷԼСô࣬ȴ˵жҶɱӵǿ
ˣ
ֻӶʱһĻ谵Ĳ·̲بŵϢֲϢٴεıŷķ˸ƺǶڲһ·ʼ֯һγطš
ЩĿʼݻ˹İ
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ҶϢһң̲ס¶һ˿㵵ɫΧһƬƬ̳Ʋϡ
ͬʱһϼ⿪ʼĪϢգ֮׵罻ӣҶٴεĹ۲֮ǰĻȴѾʼ
һööǳӻ֮俪ʼ֡
ЩΧ˿˿ɷ⻹ûıȴԸо֮صĿֲϢ
˵ֶΣÿһöӾȻǳɵģϵǳ֮ڴ֮Ϊ߱ԵʣԼɷˡ
Ҷ˵ʱΧѾ䣬֮Ĺ۲ҶоԼ·ٴεĻĿռ䣬ǶԷЧ
ҶֹȻǺ룡
̽һƬɱ֮ɫĶҶ죬֮һԵĺɫâ˲ļֻӶʱȭͷСĺɫӿٵ趯
ϡ
һ·ĳ֮УǺɫɫӶʱһɽ㣬ѹеһϣȻֻһöӣҶȴĸоһɾ˵ѹľۼ
Ҷ춼о˿˿ѹھۼ
һ̹ϵӣҸоɱⲨҪСĵȥӦ
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Ҹоˡ
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ģ
ҶεĻһģһٷ㹻֮ǿߵľƷãĸӲ򵥡
΢΢һ֮УʱһöɫѾٵҶ֮¿ʼѹ
һĶţʱв׵ĺĹ֮վĵطʼ䡭


1049 ٻ
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һ˵ĺɫɢŸ߹ϢĶҶ죬̬·Ƕһħĳȥ
濪ʼ˿˿Ĺѣޱߵ汬˵ϢǸԶҶȴɿԸоӵɷﵽһֶô˵ֶΡ
ǳħ壡
ҶԼļҵһκǰ໥ϵļ䡣
ǳħǷ˹ĶУ춼Ҳֻз˹Уֻһ˵˹ھ´תͨķʽǳѾŴһٰʮöĺɫӺһٰʮһöĺɫӡ
˵ֻΪҲͰˣʵһŴɱΪ̣ǳΪɱΪϵļ֮ս֡
໥ĺͽ⣬Ļ֣
Щǳǳеǳ֮һʼչɱ⣬ʱռ֮УˮһĲÿһĲɢ֮жǿҵڶ˺ѵһ㡣
濪ʼʼγɣħɽʼѹɳĮʼݱ䣬һ쭷粻ϵĻΪ硭
ͬһƬ˼һ㣬ϵҶͻΧݻ
ʱڻ̵֮ϣںɫ໥˿˿ɷߵʵϵɱʱ˿ȥĺЦʵߴʱѾ˰Ȼ״̬
ÿһ߶Χռ䣬⣬ŭ
֮ϴ˿˿ĺˮȻʱĻ̲ôƽ
ּˣһߴһٲ
ƣαһεĻһδεҪɱңȺ˹˻ΪҪ˭Ϳ˭󣿡
һ˿ŭѾҶ˫Ŀ˸
ƺΪĲƽҪֹˮǴһǻµġ
ҶﵭЦЦڻ̵ȴôĿɶء
ǺܿĻȴоǰڳԼЦļһôЩԾأ
˳ŶԷ˫Ŀȥ˶ɫˡ
ǿ˵һ뵽ͨΪ֮Ǳˮ֣ٲľˣǿ¶ȶѶҡǣµ˼¡
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ǸҶ˵ʲôĴһ˵Ϊĳǿҵĳ嶯˲ŻᵼԼð
ʵϰɣȷʵҲǸóĳ̶ˣõòף˵ĻϲģĿǲеģǻأá㲻רŶ
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汬ƲϣһҪ𣬶ѩǱ˼£ӣϺݺݵҧס
쵰쵰Ȼ˵ң˵ˣ쵰ҪѹһҪѹҶ죬˵ңѪ죡
ҶεĸоԷɱ⣬ԽЦ
Сģһǿеŭ⣬ĴңСĵ㣬һﲻеô򵥣һԾһʩչϵͨȳģʱֻһˡ
ϣһŮ˵Уһλϸ˫Ŀ˸ƥâλһֱڻߵλ۵ˣǶԷ̬ȴһλǿ߲ſӵеϢ
ԷĻʱûһǾϻ֮ˣֻܵҶһ֮Żǿңɫʱ֮ѸٵĿʼֹˮһ㡣
һȻ˿˿ĺɫ⣬ȴĺˣȴ·û˿ı仯·ڷŭĺܡ
С椾Ȼôͱ仯̫ܣıߣװһŭȴűĿ⣬װҲ̫˵ɡ
ҶЦϵЦ
΢һöɫѸٵĻһɫ·ʹһ㣬Ѹٵĳĳʼѹ˹ȥ
һﾹȻԼ˺õĻ𣿡
ʱѾȫγһΧɱΣȻرԣҶֻҪСȥӪǿȥѹסԷģһӵ߶ȴ˲ĸıԼˡ
췢ɱޣطɱ½˷ɱط˺Ϸ򻯶
ʱƺѾȫΪ˶ӣǻ̵ϴ˿˿Ц֮ɫдļе
Ҷ죬ѾҪʼرˣղе趼Ѫϴˢǳħ岻᳹׵䣬һˣǲĿֲض᳹׵ĽѹΣܵصĴˣ޷ҶԿˣɣ
һöɫѸٵĻ˷ޣƥ棬Яɱ⿪ʼʼȥ
𡭡
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Ҷɫ䣬һ˫Ŀȴ˿˿Ц
һΪʲôΪʲô˵̬
̵ԼһֲԤУϸϸĿ֣һε˼Ż϶תӵģǲܴġ
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촽֮Уȴ·ǴԹޣʱѾȫȻ˵Ŀʼ
װŪɣ
п϶Ľ
ǾڴʱҶָȴ΢΢һѸٵչĹ֮
ҫĹ֮У·Ҷϳ飬Ƿ޸γһʵʵʷʫ
ʷʫ˵ʼ
ȥɡ
Ц
ڻ̾㵵֮Уһжʼıԭִʱȴ̬䡣
˺վУʱȴһ飬һµ飬Ԧž˵ı޵е϶ʥĴڣʱĽ˲䱬Ŀֲ׵ķ˿ֲѹ
޿ʼϣ
˫Ŀд˿˿ĵӣȻƾ޵ĸ߰ڼֶ֣Ѿ׵ıѹסˣǶԷڼȴҲ޷һС
ôܣ
̵ʧĽеԭѾεݻʱҶѾˣΪʲôԷȴٴεķˣ
ôܰ
׷׵ľۼΪʧߵһҪˡ
ѣ濪ʼıŷ
䡭
һֻ޴ͻȻ˺գׯϵм䣬˲İΧס˻̣
ߡ
Ҷһ˦ѸٵĳŶԷȥ
ǾڴʱһصȴΧס塭
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ǰһоȻ˲Ŀʼ˾޴ı仯
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ٻ֮Ҷ̲סĽеǺܿһĻǰֹͣ¶һ˿㵵ɫ


1050 컣ɣ
֮ϴصǳ·һ·У˿˿ľϢϵЩ·ڿʼߣǿԿЩĲϵĿʼۼᵽеһ㣬㹻ĸоԼ棬ڷľž
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Ҷ̲סĽе

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ĴһλŵľչԼеնһһͷų
ȵڷĲƺһλŮ޼ɵչֳԼġ
Ŀռ䣬ȴɲһΧסһֿµĽư
ǾĻУǰһֲȴƺûио˵Ļһ㣬ͷԼϵ·ȴ·һһһ㣬˿û˶ܵƻҶҿ϶ĸоǻͱĺڿһֲ˲㱻ǿеĿס漴ٵ

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漴ٴγһ࿴ȥǰ֮⣬һ겻۵ֲҶС
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һ޴ķ˻󻺻ĳ̵֣ķ֮󣬲Īʼչ

һʹҶʱĿʼʧֻǸоԼķһ˼µĿռİסĿĿʼԼС


1051 䣡ˣ
ҶֻǸоԼ·һƬƬƶ϶һ㣬Լϣһ˼µĸоڲԼߴ޵Ľ
ʱȻûʶȴоԼڳĳֿµ棬ڵҪͷų;ԼķֻнԼķ񲻶ϵĳȥлͷų

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̵ĽԹĺҶһ𣬸оҶǷĶоԼ֮вϵŶԷߵĽϲĪڵĿʼͷųԼܵԭʼĽϢ
㺹ϵĴӽĹУǿҵȻʥŮĽʱȴһޣ֪ĻԻἵʵķġ
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Ϊ˴ﵽԼĿģѡҶ졣
ԭκεһ޶⣬ǵ֪ǰһŰƷѪ֮ȴ̲סˣ޷ŵ𾪣ƷƷ߳ĿɲһΣ֪Ҷûгַļ󣬵ȴҲ޷ӡ
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ʱȫһʥ࣬޾ĿϢ·ǻּ㹻˺һУſ־Ϳסǳ
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ͻأĸоԼһʹüס𣬿ǰӣ뵽˶ԷȻԼĵһˣԼΨһһˡ
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˵ɫ΢΢һ䣬ҶڵѾûһ˿һǿһλȴչأ


1052 ҵҲ㹻ѹ
ôЦ鰡Ѿϵˣȴڴȥĵûһ˿ΪԼڻԼ𣿡
һм֮дޱߵķǵ֮УڳҶ뷨Թ֮ҲҶ֮С
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ǰǰһֻһЦҽ鲻罫һﳹ׵Ľɱˣ¶ˡ
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һһѾ̬Ȼ˵ĿҶ첻ȥ鷳ȴҲ̲ס¶һ˿ŭ⡣
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˵䣬ҹ۹⾪㵵УһֻſֲȭͷѾѸٵĻ磬Ȼػǰ
ʧȥҵҲ㹻ѹ㣡


1053 һ˿
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ҶȻǿ˵̬
ҹ۹һλ̫žǿߣҶĵȼҲǲ𾳵ΪѣڻʧȥԼͨǵƾԼȻѹסҹ۹⣬ʱɫһ仯֮󣬲ٵѾʼ¶Ĺâ
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ҶЦſˣ壬Ѿ׵Ŀʼˡ
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ܺãȻȡˣʵϣϾȡĲ࣬׬ˡ
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뵽˻̣ҶҲ̲סһŮһĺļһԷĿǿκεΪԼɳĻʯģҶҲɳһ鲻۵Ļʯ
һԷ֪Ҷ컹лָǿ϶˵ȥҶϾɱ
ڶԷܹҶΪһΪԷҶǲָܻġ
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ڵľΪǿеļȡԵѾʼ׵ĻˣΪľԵʣǻָ֮󣬺ܶľҲ˵Ĳһ⼴鶼Ѹ㶨仯ġ
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ڵ޷ڸǵıҶһѰţⱲӿ϶ˣ뵽Щ֮嶼̲סĲ
԰˵ʳɳԼ˵Ϊôıӡ
һ˿˿˼µĳҶС
ɫĹâ˸ȴ˿˿Ϳֲ
ľ֮衭㹻Ҳһ˿ģֻҪǻһ˿ұаջָ


1054 ƶ֮žŹһ
貵ɫ⻪ϵҶϾۼţտһľۼҶϣҶֻסһöľ֮費ϼȡе
ľ֮֮д֮Ϊ͵ûп񱩣ûƻеֻ̲Ч
ûҶֻܹƾ֮Ĵ߶˺ǻڻûľָ֮˺Լľ
ľʱһһ֩һݺύ֮Уܶľϵһ𣬴ҵ˼£ڵҶҪ֮İ£ʼ˺ЩҵľȻٴεĽָγһĲϡ
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ٴεĶһҶ˶̱˵ϣ弡ⲻڲ־ʹֱܵġ

ڵĴϢϣϵĺˮڷ
ꡭҪôʹ𣿡
̲סԳ
Űķʽ޵ˡ
κεﶼԵģһҶȻҲȻ˵Ķص˺ʹ̣ǲò˵ʱȴջ˺ܶࡣ
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Ҫ˵Ƕ棬ǶѲ鷳Ҷȴǿľڵľ֮ǰŴ֮ҲҪȥκεһ㡣
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Ůȴ֪Դ֮ѾϵÿһļѪҺںһȡɡɵ
ɵһֿµľҶӵ۷ϵõģڶԷļ֮УһſµľҪıµʱ˲ɵ
žĿ֮ҲȻ˵ǿеĲ˲дﵽֲĳ̶ȣȴ޷ϣϵҲȥڲ˺Լǰ½˿񱩵Ĳٶȡ
Ҷľ˫ǿ㹻ȥӦһֿ񱩵ĳ֮
ʼʣһ˿ʼһʣ·ǳһͷһ㣬ѸٵĻһģĵĳ֣漴ԽԽʼγɣ
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ʱҶʩչ֮УΧγһ޴ĺڶһ㣡
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Ż֮ϲ··ȴû˿˵ӣ෴ǴһǿҵʥУһںϵһ㣬ɫŻҶϣĺ֮УϵǧٴιעҶС
Ҷͬһµħޣǿֲľ֮Ѿɵʮöȴûиогʵĸо
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ƲҶһֱĳǿҵĸı֮У̫žΪѹ˾ŰپʮŴΣǾžŹһĳ̶ȴһֱûдﵽһֻԵҪĪĻԵ
ڵڵĸоֻԵĳ֡
ҿ϶ֻҪԼٴεĽ뵽ӯĳ̶ȣǿеγɾžŹһѹ
ʱĻʵԻͻͽ뵽žŹһ̫ž硣
˭˵ѹһǧεͻƣǲܵģҶͿԣƾϵͿµΪѹ˾ŰپʮŴΣֻҪٴεѹһΣԺǴ˵еһĴˡ
꣡
꣡
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Ѫ鿴ȥĺܣΪ񱩵ȥɵĺۼҶ˫һľİȴûа취ȥϵѪҺ罦ľ˲ﵽľ˳̶ȣ³κ˵Ĳ²
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ĳСһ̲סŤԼ壬ٴε˳˯֮Уôǿı仯Ȼܹ˯š
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䣬ɫڷıǡ
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͡
˫Ŀɺ컺ϣĿռ֮пʼ
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ѹƣϵѹƣһǧεѹƣѰ֮ʮΰٴεѹƣٵѸӳ˳˵ģǾʱҶ˫ĿȴһŵĹâЦ

䣡
춼Ͽնʱϯһֲĸ߰ħа񣬷·̼Ѿһе׵ɨһ㡣
е޲ʼտ˹ȥǳֳһصĲơ


1055 ̫֣Ƴ
һķ˵Ĺâһʥ⣬ʥ࣡޵Уһλһλ
һеٸ߸Ĳ֪ԼһѾһֶôֲĸı䣬ʱҶֻڲϳϵһеһе谭
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ɱ䣬ҶŴıҲڷž޴ĸı䡣
ûܹ뵽Ҷ컹ٴ»Ϊǿߵʱ򣬼ҹʼҲ뵽Ѿ׷ţﵽ˵ĳ̶ȣһеһȴ޲Ѿӡ
һеһж޷ĸı䣬Ҷһ𣬱Ѿһ㹻ļΪ֧֮׵Ļᡣ
һǧεѹơɣ
ĺ
žžž
һδεıҶϱÿһεıϵļӵἸ֡
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ŤеĿռһŻĳ֮޲ʼһĪѹ
ʲôΪʲô˵ĿѹҶ޷оһﵽжôǿ󡣡
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һصڽ̫ž֮һ˿֮ǿ֮ǿȥһ֣֮ееΪֹ֮ˣʲô
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µʱѸٵĹȥˣµʱ֮УȻ𽥵ȴļ֮лһλµţȻż˵ȴҲֻһʴȻǲȥ̸ɱļһ
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ŻϵĻ̫֮κ˼ᾪޱȵĿһģֻһֲ̫֮ǰ̫֮׷ײĿʼͷųһѸٵ뵽Ҷ֮С
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ıѰ̫žǿ߶˽ӽǧĴӵ𣿡
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̫֮Ȼǿᣬ̫֮Ȼԣǿٻ̫֮Ϊ֧ţȴɵûа취Լ崢
̫֮Ѿ𽥵ļƾҵĳ̶ȣٴεٻ̫֮ţſȫĽĴ׵װ
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쵰ʵ̫ˣռ˱˻ԡ
΢ʱĵҩʼ˿С
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ˬ
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صµĿռ֮УѸٵĳһĿֲ·Щص··Ǵ־
£ߵ£
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䡭
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Ϊڱŷ֮Ҳڷıŷ
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ʮ߶ƣ
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ռѣҶ徹Ȼֱ˺ճһһǧ׵Ŀ񱼹ȥ


1056 ɱ˹壡
˵ϻ˭ܹҶһֿ̹ĵĺ⣬ǿ±ǻˡ
Ů˽㽫ԼˣһеԭΪܹ˵õϵȻ˵һԼĴ֮ȴԲҶܵ𻵡
ҶģѾַܵҪҪȥ
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˵
Ҷȴ֪һεʥսʱ仹Ż͵ģ΢΢һ漴һ֮ʼӿһεƣٵһ˵һš
ԷļѸٵıҶˡ
Ҷһλǿõһžѧʱ֪Էļ䣬ҲҪȥɱĵõԷ꣬Ϊʱ̫̣Ժܿμʧ
Ҷӵϵ֮ǿ˵㹻ѹסһʧȫռеļ䡣
һν׵̫žΪҶ֮ҲʼˮǴߣȫԼȥƸ֮
߲
Ӱ΢ֵ·ǹһ쭷磬ȴ޷쭷֮صҶ졣
ʵǲУҵ߲ѾҪͻƿˣʮ֮ѾȫĲԷӳʵһεĽ֮Уҵ̫֮ſʼ򿪣ȫĽ̫֮Լ˼£ΪڵɵĿռ俪ʼǿ㹻˳ס֮ļӳ֣ȴȱ
ԴΣҶҿ϶ֻҪڼҪõ߲ĽҪıǽԼϵдȫĴ򿪣ʱԼͿȥǿеĴ߶ǿ֮
߲ڿѰĹȥԽױѾԺҵġתȽˣǡħǾƺǿʼ𽥵ʧԭʱǰڵʱԶǳ֮⹦ԵѾԳˡ
뵽Щ֮ҶٴεĿʼѰղŵļ䡣
ܿϴһĨЦ⣺
Ȼʥսһǰ㿪ʼۼˣǾһʱ仹а£ҵٶȫĿԸϵϵġ
뵽Щ֮ҶǾ˵ɷʱĿʼһ޴ĽѾԼǰ
һֲĺɫѪ˵⽨ӵĽӽһĪĻ潨ĽһΧһЩģĽ·ǹһľۼһ
ʼ˷ĴݳһƬҹսҲ˿ĲѷɫȻ֪˹嵽ŶٵǵĴ⽨Ļ㲻Լҹս塣
ߡǻӦѾ뿪ˣ⵹ǱŮˣȻ˵ĻһΪģһĵҩľʯԼԪˣ˹ˣǼȻҪĺңҲǰġһ֪ҵġôǶôǿ󣡡
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Χֻз˹ˣٻڿռۼĻ㲻Ѱ޿ȥɵģһ㵹ҶǷġ

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˵ĽĿֲϢȻڵʱѾڶˣҶȻǿᣬȴ䱸ĺܣھ֮УԽǹϵĴڱԽ޷С
ҹսǿĺܣһֲĴǾǿ߶ȥȫӦ˹˼Ȼôõʱ䣬ҶĲұ֤ԷǷҲǿı
˭Ƿ˹أ˲׼ȥ
վ⽨ǰ棬һɫ׵սʿĺǳ
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ѪɣʱЩսʿڵ˷Ӧ˹ŭ
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һ̣ԴҲ漴Ļһ˵Ѫ⿪ʼܷķ衣
ת˲ĶѣֻǲգۼӣʮλսʿѾɱ¾ֻʣ˶ѡ
ħǸħ
һλսʿĺ
ǴʱҶȴ޹˼˲ɱ˶Է
ЩսʿʵÿһλŲ𾳵ĳ̶ȣ㹻Ҷ첹һ˿
Ҫɱңǰû˿ĶģᣬһһᣬǻǸԭǸղŵʧ֮
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˵ĿڷתĺεǿҺѸ١
͡
ì֣һɫĹâ˸ȻֱӵĽ˿ʼ׵Ķ
ƻӶ֮УҶٴεĽʣµһһס˲ӡ
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һŭ𴫳˵ʵ̫žΪ棬Ҷεܹ⣬˳ƵһǿеĽеսʿһ˺¶Ц
˹ǿߡӵǺܾˣ


1057 ݺ
쵰
һŭ𲻶ϣۼҶ쾹ȻԼǰԼ˸˺ˣŭ˲ðһֲĻչһɫķ˻
չᣬɫ濪ʼϮȻ˲Ľ
ܳʲô˵Ƿ˹壬𣿡
ĵĵӳˣǻ޴˰
ǰһﱻɫţģһˣˣǷ˹ˣҲ
ɡ
һλλĵӿʼ˳ϴŭɱ¾ϢǷ̬εȵǿᣬ·ǾҪ̼ѹסҶһ㡣
λ̫žǿ߿ȥҲģһߵȴ˿˿ĵۣԵһֲ;˵ŰϢϢ֮£ϵɷӵŨ
ߵĵ۵֮Ҳ̲ס¶һĨĵ֮ɫ
ŭĺȵ
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ϵĺɫ˿񱩵ŭ𣬻ϵĿռںһڿգǺɫķ˻ںһԭӦǸ߰ķȴа쳣
ΧĽ趯еĽǿʼĲ·󷨿ʼ򿪡
һﾹȻƾΧĿռںһںϣʵٴεһ̨ס
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һֳìٴεĸԼУìޱȣ˲ıʼչ
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ϴž޷ţȻû뵽ҶʵȻԴﵽ˾˵ĳ̶ϣ̶ϵļӳѾԵĿǿˣԼʵԷʵȥǿ󣬵ȴ㹻ԼĹȫĳֳһƬļ
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һȻĴĳìѾ׵̳ΪһʵһĲӰ
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λ뷢׻Ƥڡ̬һ֤µŲϵɢ͵ĹâȻǷƷ
һǵ˵õҹսŵľ㹻ǳ׵һеģţԿԳΪһεʥս֮ǻΪĵĵӣֻҪǳΪ˺ĵĵӣǷ˹ҲߣʱǺԵ޺
˵һλݲף˫Ŀȴ˿˿âϸˣ˵Ҷ쿴˵ĻһϳԷΪһﲻǱˣǵڷ˸λϼһ
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ǺεȵţȻѾ꣬ȴû˵ȥСΪһʵţžԵǿʵžԵľֶΣ嶼˵ϻġ峤øӡ
ȴһֱûҵԼϲˣЩŮ˶ǷӣԺԼƥ䣬ӲҪ˵ǳΪԼˣڿ˻֮϶ˣŮ˾Լġ
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1058 ҵ
𣿡
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ԷʵѾ뵽֮ΪһλϵСԤѡߣ֮Ϊ㹻һУȴҶ죬˵һҶǰûн뵽̫žΪĻҶԵĻпܺһȴһˣѾʸٻ̫֮ѾԴﵽ̫֮ţΪ۲۵̫žǿߡ
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趯һ˫ĿŭǰҶ죬ȥɱ˵ĻҶԵѾˣǺǿϧǰҶ첻ȥɱ˵ġ
ˣһһȥˣȻһĳԵγʲô˵ķȻͷ­ŵҶӵǰҰҲװ棬ϵĻգԶԶ
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ĹԶʱĴǽͷųдҩĲ


1059 ջ
죡
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Χվ˳ϣǵɫǽһȻܵǷ˹Ұһǵ˳׵Ļɱ̶ȣǺεȵ裬Ƿ˹ĳ谡
ڿΧǲ֫Ĳ֫ʹĲҽԿ
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ȴֺǾ棬ʲôȻҺѾķ˹ԣҪ̵֪ĴѾʼԼĽ˹ʼ˳ȥû˵˵ķˣҹսҲ˵Ĵĵȥնɱ̡
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һԿµ˫Ŀ˾ɱ⣬ֲĹâ˫Ŀ棬ڵĽ
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һЦߣҶٵĿʼ߽뵽һѾһ޴󶴿ڵĽ

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ص·˫ɾĴ⣬ϢҶ켴ᵽеһ㣬ȴоԼϱѾĪĸӦ
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ƱԼĵȼ˵ҪѲ٣ҶȴٴεĽ⿪Լһƣʮһƣ
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أ쳹ǿգ߲ٴεĽ
ʮεƣʮ֮Ѿĵ
Ҷջ㹻ˣ
һ˵ɱⲨʼһӰʵʣһ޴ıѹǧʼ㣺
쵰쵰


1060 ֮
ŭ˫ƺǴһĿʼ쳹춼֮ǿΪ˵̬˵ŭȻǶԷѾԼе˳
쳹ʵŭҲ漴޷׷׵̧ͷ­
ŭһŭ쳹˲䣬ضڲһ־˵ĲϣĲ㹻һλλ޿ʼ
֮ǿߣĻֵģܹ֮ǿ߼ŭ˵̬Ҳ׷׵ں棬һﵽ˭
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ȻʷʫĵҩȻʷʫĵҩʷʫĵҩǾµĴȻĴȻǿҩԼ䱦ŻγɣҪһλǿҩʦĳֲſ԰
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΢΢һ⼸ʮöĵҩҶֱӵĽʮöԼĶУԼڵѾҪˣȻҲͲҪȥô˷ѡ
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Ǻεȵǿ߰Ȼô֮ǿǿʼĳ֣ȻֻСΪǵȴѾˣ޵е
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λϵɫ䣬Ƿǰ׳ҲоĳԲǿȥġ
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ѪŷɫѪȾأǾ˵Ѫ֮дſֲ˲䱻аħȥ

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еаħʼסҶϴһ˿ɫоǰһƺǷĳֲͬѰ顭


1061 Ż֮
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ֻǴ˵ȴ˵Ͼʱ̫ľԶˣ֮ŵĶǴ˵ˣ⴫˵У֮ŵȴ󵽵Ŀֲ

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һſϢĴҶĻ˭


1062 Ԩ֮ţ
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˵ɫڴʱʼı仯
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1063 ͻ
쭷磬ĺɫ·ŤΪϸ΢·һߴĵ֮ſʼĲѪһĳڲϵĶţʹһ㡣
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ĲҽʼɣĿϼϵʱϴʹɫǸȴ޷ţǰһìɢϢڲϵĽ׵Ľ顣
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˿µҶ춼̲סĿʼզ಻ѡ

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1064 ɱ
֮УķΧȫγһƬͣռ֮еһжǿеȥ
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1065 ɹ
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ҶһߵĿѾĳִ򶷸߳ļһ΢΢һ鴤漴ٴüͷ˫ĿȻĻɺ죬ƻӶ׵Ľһӵ˾⡭
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૵ĵȴԴݳ
ܵôʲô
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ΧһɨĲҶҲûиоŰ˲ͼ֮УȷԷǲѰҵԼģԷʵҶȻ޷İסȴҲԿ϶ԷӦ˴Ǿ쵽ľ磬ǲҪ˵һǾĴ죬ǶԷﵽ˴ͨΪҲƿԼŰ˲ͼ
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һεĴҶǽԼĳ̾óˣԭϵ͸ղɵĵҩҩҲʼٴεĵõ˵ڶεɢ
ҩǰҶʸȥ

΢΢һ֮ҶϣԭΪ˵Եʶ±԰׵̬ѸٵĻָ˹漴̲ס¶һ˿ĺ棺
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ٴεһÿһεĶ޹
ҶԼŰ˲ͼ֮Уȱ˴ϸյʱȫĿӦסġ
ڵһգҶϢ뿪Ű˲ͼ˲Ļ˳磬ʧ֮С


1066 ޳ܵĻ쵰
ǣޱ߹âȴص˼£磬ϸ꣬ӯĺܣ˲ıɢ֮С
Ǽһ֪뿪֮󣬲֪ߵεȵĳ̶ȡ
Լٴξ˷˹壬ԭǷķ˹Ѿ׵ɢʧȥյķ٣ܹӵеֻб޾衣
һεķ˹һ֧Ϊ޴ʧϱ˶ļ壬ձǷ˹һε峤ͼλǿĳ뿪˵ĶԷҲûȫû
Ҷҿ϶֮ǿ뿪һξ޴Ŀ飬һվһ鷳Լȥ㶨ĻǶԼ˵ܴܿ޷뵽ֻ
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̫žΪ˵㹻ĽԷһиˣڵ֮Ѿɳһ޷ĳ̶ȣΪʲôûҵԷټ
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һԵĲһǶԷ壬ǶҶ첢һܴвԵģһû֮УҶ²⣬ӦǴӿʼʱûлصԼļ壬ԷпѾ˽⵽ԼȥѰ
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һӰ˸ҹ绹ûзӦȻһɸӿ񱩵˲ƿסѸٵĴɳ׵ľ롣
ǿ߶ԸһССŮҹǻԽĲҪˡ


1067 ʥս֮
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ŭߣǸǿɱ⣡


1068 ʥսĿ
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λ춼ΪӽһϿȣ
Խǽӽʥ򣬲ԪԽ㣬ħϿʥ򲻹ĳ̶ȣԪ㹻ĳ֮Ϊˡ
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ЩսʿÿһλѡγǿߣȻ˴˵ĿԷ˳ۣȴҳ֣Ϊ֪һʼֱֻӵӰ쵽һεʥսҸ߲Ѿ´ΪؼָʾǶֵĻܿܵһս
ǿȻɫ䣬ȴҲֻܹεĸɵۡ
ˡ
ˡ
ˡ
һͻȻĴĳ֣ʱĵϿʼһƺһּϢͬǺ֮ȫںһһ㡣
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һλսʿ̲סĳ֡
͡
һâ˸漴ļſֲȺͱϢ˲Խ˵עӣħϿȳȥ
ʲôˣ˵ķ
һλսʿ̲סŭ
Ǿʱǰ׷ҹսǿϲЦ
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͡
ӥգ
˾㵵֮УһѾѸٵĴԽˣħϿȵڲ֮С
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ǰ˵ϢȻҲһֵļɵƺֻҪҸղһٶԷǿҵĻɱ
˵ϴľϢ
һ˵ľȣҶǲ֪ģ̶̵ʱ֮ѾħϿ֮Уڽ뵽֮ɫ̲סľ
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绯˺ɫħƺǸоҶĳһ㣬Ȼ˲ĳҶϯ˹ȥһѾǿеľ˳ȥ


1069 սʼ
ɫ磬˺أҶ˲䣬Ҷоһ˿ѹ
ǱСиԼһ㣬Ȼûв̫ʹУҶ컹ЩȣǴħħ
ڽ뵽֮󣬸еֶκоʹ羹Ȼ˵ĸоȻҲ˵籾һ˲
ߡ˵绹ͼҪѹ𣿡
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һִ֮˲䣬ħϿ֮Ѿһǿҵ
һĸоȻҶ쿴Χı仯ȴԸоĴϿƺѾǿеİΧħϿȵľ޴̶Ҷǲ֪ǵܹתԼֶα㽫ĴϿȸѹֶѾ㹻ˡ
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챮ǿᣬȻת챮һڽЧڲ㣬ǲȥҲ֪ѾǱǿеΧһƺһ˲õĴɱأ
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һɳƵ˳֮дһǿҵļܣǶѪһǿҵĿѪԼ֮ʡ
ģһʲôӵĸо
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һʵҶֱӵĸоǴӦñǸղת챮ļһˣڶԷ֮УѪĸоȻҶоԼпʼԼĲһǿҵѪС
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Ҷҿ϶ԼЩ˾Щ߲ܵ߰ˡ
ѹ˵Ҫ½ĴɱϢϱԵˡ
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Ҷ΢΢Լ˫ĿȡŵĴ֮֮ļȡ֮УҶľҲʼңңԡ
˵֮ĻǶҵνһĪ棬ڵľѾӽľ֮Чƾ֮㹻ҵʵһµľ硭
ɲôɾͿҵģھô࣬ҶѾ𽥵Ժ˹һЩ˽ˣľ֮Ҳ㲻ǾƷ
ǺǲɵǣȴٵĿôʱ䣬Ҷ춼ûмٵǷ˹ıڲҶҵһ
ȴǻ֮˵ûʲôôġ
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ưԵ֮ϣһһɫĳߣԼĿԴɫߵϸо˿˿
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˵ⳤ߲֮ԽԽ࣬Ľֻһʵĸı䣬һҲγһµĸı䣬ǿ֮ĵ
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Ķ˵ĵһȡôĵ²ЧѾ㹻ˡ
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Ҷ΢΢ĴϢһ
̫žĲ²ǿθС˶ѡ

һ˻ԲĵҶİ˱ƵǻԣѾԻֱۣϻ֮Ҳ˺ܶ࣬ҪԵĵ
ļȡĴ֮ͬʱŻ֮
ͻأľʱҶϺëһ
ܡ
һ֮󣬶ʱ˵绯һһ㣬ĳ⽣֮趯׵Ͻµ߲Ԫһֻħһ㡣
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濪ʼ񱩵ĸ˺ѵˡ
һҶаԵĴ󾪣
ѵ˵Ѿһξ޴ĶԿ𣿻˵ЩĵĵѾʼ𣿡
аԵľ
ӰѸٵĳҶ֮С
Ӱÿһε𶯣޲˾˲㹻Ĳ˾˵˺գķ籩
ԲǧķΧ֮У׵
ǹű
ֳֵıУҶ˵
ߣ̬һλֳ䵶䵶ĹĲƺеĲơ
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棬ľ˲ŹӵϢȻǹűŵȻֻ̫ž۷ĲΣȴ֮ǿ߲еľЧ
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䵶꣬һ۾д˿˿̰֮ɫ
ȻҲһűԵĲ䵶ı
Ǿ䵶ҪնԷ˲䣬ǳȴ¶˵Ц
뷢
͡
泹׵𻵣䵶ӻӦѾ׵ס塭


1070 ū
㡭
Ȼû뵽ԷȻڿʼʱѾԵ˾ֶΣ뷢֮У˲Ľ׵Ļĩ
Ǿڴʱһȴٵ䵶֮Уһ䵶ܵ˹ű㾪˵Ľ֮󣬾Ȼûв˿˺㹻ĳ䵶ϵƷǺεǿˡ
ߣҪܵű֮Ҫ꣬ӣűҡ
͡
ָ΢΢һһ䵶ѾɵС
Ǿڴʱ䵶ȴͻȻֳĹâȻ̼סλӡ
ڶԷ㵵֮Уü̵ѣ
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Ȼ߾Ȼͬھķʽһεս
ҶıЩȻȫû뵽龹Ȼӣ˵ȴҲһ£Ҫȥ֣ԴﵽõűĿġ
ָ΢΢һһâѸٵĻٵ뵽䵶֮С

Ĳҽ·Ǿ֮صĶħǣ·䵶濪ʼ
ߣһ껹ûȫ䣬ΪҺǸһһ𣿡
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֮νǺĿ£ٵĻ̶ܹϺԼа壬˫ǿӵһ㣬˲ı㽫Էѹ˺ѡ
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漴һѾҶǰҶɫ䣬ȴڰԵľȲѡ
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΢΢һ֮УҶѾԼжϣ˵Чֻйűˡ
һ˲ʮλΪ׵һλŰɫ۵꣬üһɰüĿ㣬˿˿Ц⣬ĻһĹӸ硣
ҶȴԸоԷЦݼٵĺˡ
Ц滢
ҶΨһĸо
СˣҶ̶ȻһЩǶЦ滢ȴʮûʲôøС
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ӵ߾ۼЩˣÿһλᣬʵҲֻ̫žΪˣֻ꾹Ȼﵽ֮һĳ̶ȣȻֻСĵȼȴҲҶһεս֮Уĵһλ֮ǿߡ
뵽֮ǰõϢҶѾԶ϶һλĵѪӣֻǲ֪ԷʲôѪĵӡ
СӣѵûǼҹڸ˵𣿡
һλȫģһλСèŮ̲סĶҶЦ˵
ҵСԹ˰
ŮһĴһֻҲ̽뵽ŮУȥŶԷһ⣬֮Ҷ춼ԿĳŮȴģ˿ûбֳʹı飬෴ԼĽĦŶԷ壬ŵĹ̬
ȻģŮӦǶԷһ֧ѪĵӣĴȺ˵ϢϱԸо
Ϊ˻ȥһжֵõġ
Ƿ׳Լ壬ȴҲʸȥʱĻνһġ
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ҶıǵȻȴҪõģҪܹҶ캦£׵ĺ
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Ϊʱ˵
壿
ҶıЩ㵣û뵽ԼǹðȻһĺĵӱǲˡ
ԼνѲʹտνǽԹ˺ܶ࣬ȻºҲûмԷҶǿ϶һ϶ô˵ģû뵽ԼȻٴεһνĲĵӡ
ԷԵıյĵλҪСĶܹ࣬ʱΪ֮ĳ̶ȣȴҲʵѵúܡ
ҶǾ㵵ӣʱڵ¶һĨЦݣҪЧ
л˵ҵõűСʵ΢òˣ¡
Ҷ칧ĿŶԷ˵
֮ǿߣҶĲ⣬ǶԷֻһλСС֮һΪѣȴǳֵĺûᣬҶҪıҸõطȻһɱ
֪ΧŶλǿߣڰԵĶ
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˵ģ΢Ѿűװһö֮ˡ
һöǳâĻеǹ⣬ÿһöƺǴǿҵԲֻһﻤôļ򵥣ǿһű
ŰɡҲֻȰұŶѡ
ҶЦĺǴ࣬һλ޺Ĵ꣬һɺ֮еĹâȴǺεȵı䡣
ʲôģ
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Сġ
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ģôûм㣿
һλɵĿҶ졣
˴Ҷ֮Ҷ൱ĵ⣬Էĵ⣬Ҷ첻ȥ붼֪ΪʲôԵǺԼ̫ܵʱϲӦõ档
֧εȵĶ࣬ѵ
ҶЦſŶԷ
ߡһ㲻⣬֪ǿֶʲô𣿡
Էٴε˵
һ֮ŭЩеǿֶΣǺܶĶѾʧˣ㻹ʲôʵ𣿡
ʲôЦҶô峤ϵļ䣬ѵǰװɵ
Ϊ˵ūͣȻ˵Щ˵Сʵ̲סˣʲôֻһūͶѣ˶ûѯʹңʲôѵΪȴ˸ӵĴ𣿻˵ŪԼľḻ
ҶһӵɫѾǲʱҲʼЩ
ˣҶĹȫСڡ
͡
һâ˲û뵽һü֮С
Ӳϲļһߡ
ʱһ֮УѾ˻߶
һ·ϣҶ쵹ֵУʱ˵ʵ΢һٵĺĵӳ֣նɱ˲٣ƺΪҫԼʵһ·ϣҶЩ˶ûг֣ǲʱɽˡ
׳գȻҶ࿴ҵŮһۣ𣿡
һݺݵسҶ˹ȥ
ʱһ·ϵĺԼŮڵ飬ȴͻȻĶҶк˹ȥ
ҶӰ΢΢˸һ£ΧĻ¶һĨЦ⡭


1071 
ʲôС㾹ȻҶ㿪
ʱϴ޷ŵɫ
ڿҶ֮Ҳ¶˲ЦݣôʱˣЩ˲ʱԸ񣬴ϲŭ޳Ƿŭʱװ׵Ĵһ٣һҲͰˣǶĻǽӵҡ
СӣһᣬԼϵΪȻڵϣˡ㣬ҲһܹŹһΣ˵㻹˵Ĳ֪ĻǾͲҪˡ
Ҷ¶˵Ц⣬Ц֮дŹŹֵĲƣ
ĻΣ
ʱɫһ㶣ʱҶֳ̬ȫûпʼǸʱŵı΢֮ɫ൱ĵȻҲֻǼ˶ѣԷѸٵĻָ˹
ĻȷʵȺɽ滨ݣСӣˣɹˣˣŭˣĽֻҲһβܣȥɡ
˵䣬ȻĻһ磬ѸٵĽҶ˹ȥһֻƿٵذĻͨ
һλ̫žǿߣ»ᱻԷ˲Ļɱġ
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һεȵľ޴󣬼㲻ȥǵģȴԸоǹɴݿϢڳԼһȫչǾǻ֮صġ
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͡
һӰ˸Էͷ­˲ıŷѪ
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ĵĵӣѪʵǿᣬҶܹһлɱԷҲʹȻԷٲһȴҲ˵ĵ΢ǲɵǣһﾹȻҶƴʮϵ

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Ǵ˵֮еǿϢ𣿡
Ҷﵭ˵
ȴһĪķڸС
⾿Ҫôǿֶβſ֮ȴɿԽԼľȻԴԴϵĻʱ䣬ûʧ
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Ƕ׵Ҷȴû˿⣬ȻߣԪǿᣬȫӵЩҶͲõȥһеζء
һ·ϣҶСȥߣȴоĳ׳ղʱ֮⣬ˣǺٻ֮ǿߣȻЩĵĵǶڰеȥ
Ƿ·һֻֻа֩һ㣬ڰȥֻҪʱһˣǱ˿ûгɵĳȥȻȥֳ׵Ļɱ
ӵſ֮Ҷ㹻ӵһ㣬Ķ֮ѾϢǧ֮صķΧ
Ҳʱͻأķһǿҵı仯Ļʼ𲻶ϡ
ŮսʿС
죬һӣֱӵĺ嵽˾֮ϣȻϢǧ
ҶҲ̲ס¶һĨ֮ɫ˼֮󣬱Ѿٵĳһȥ


1072 ɱ
˵ıѾγһָһֿµʵʣǵǳһ֯ƿʼǵصѹȥ໥Ľ֮УѾʼսһ
˵ǿϢžϼ⣬ǶⱦϢ͹â
ħϿȵĿ޷ģΪ˵ȴı
ʮһٲһ䣡ǧһƷ
ħϿȵ֪
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γɾ̬߻аľĶħĻ󡭡
ս𣬳һɽ
ǿߵս㹻ǿʼһʥ۷С֮ǿϢ
֮ǻĴǿߣȴҲ߸ϣһ֣ɽλ±ɫ
еӰԵø⾪ˣϵ˶㹻ĳһе谭һ㣬һλŽɫۣ壬һλɫۣħ壡
һһ֮ľѹ㹻ǿΪ֮ĺѡ
֮Ϊ
ĵӣ
Ҷͫ΢΢һԸΪаյģҶǲҿ϶ΧǷ񻹻ǿߣԼһ¶ĻǶԼ˵һֻһһֻ

ɫ쪵ĶһХϮȥ㹻ʮɽ壬һԵŭ𣬻һӾ޴ĲƣݻΪһ޴ס
ɫףû壬ûצеֻһס
Ǿӵһףȴһɾ
ǾŴ֮һĴĻ󣡡
ѵħħսɣ
˵ģ˵ħħսħΪǿţŶ̶̵һʮĳ̶ȱﵽ֮ΪĳħʽѾ뵽˵ʽĳ̶ˡ
ÿµϢ
Ҷ˫ĿһľȲ
һ֮ϣȻûеצβǵľһףȴҲϢǿԶ˵񣬽һ˵곹׵һ㡣
һﵽ֮ǿߣȴǵǿ߻ҪµĺܣȻһϴ֪ǿֶΡ
Ǽһ˭ȻܹҡħսʩչԼĴĻҲһˡ
ߡǼһӦҲһλǿޣκεǣһħսֻ·һ
ڲϵ໥š
ȴɿҶо
Ҷ콫ԼĿ⳯ħսԿ˿ȥ֮Ҷȴ¶һĨľ֮ɫ
һʵҲǲ򵥰
˵ĺܣ˿˿·һִϢһˣ
ҲҶڿ˶Է֮һ뷨
һɫԵĲһ㣬浽ǰ׻·Щ·һȺͼ
ȻôԶҶǿԸоȺͼ֮Уÿһֻİ׻Ҫ˹һ㣬һĸо
ҶȴĲһ൱ʵĸо
Щޣޣһǿµİ׻ޣȼ൱ĸߣԷԵԼķʽЩ׻һƶԼϣ漴ĳΪһۣЩνҪǿ˺üȼ
˵뷨֮УҶ˫ĿٴεĳΧһȦ
ʱΧϵĳֵѲӣȻвϵɨԼĶ֡
䡭
ڷŭѣ
׻һֻµĻһ㣬ҪԼĶȥһ㣬Ȼû壬΢΢ſǿµľۼ

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ؾ䣡
·֮䣬һеڴʱʼ˼ž״̬ûһ˿ȥݵоֻĳ֮Լǰһжʼ
׶ȫɬȥ
·Լĸйһ˲ʱ֮лУ
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ռ֮γһ޴ĲƣЩÿһһµϢ·Ϊϵһ㡣
䣬Ҷǰһֻֻ޴ݺصΡ
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1073 ǡ˭
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1074 ʬ
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ҶҲûоܵ˼ģϴһƬɫߣߵŸ·ҲһűҶǲʱϵõġ
һűǲʱʹùʶ˲࣬ҶôҲȫΪܹѰҵ̣Էôʱȴûгֹǲ顣
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һַɢȥۼҪۼ鷳ͬҪӳһЧǽӵ鷳±롣
ħսͻɷ߶һһĸ֣ڳֵĸֵУһλһһǿˣȴɱˣҶȻ֮
˵ǻ

Ҷ˫Ŀʱâ˸Ȼȥǹ죬ʵȴźܴĵԡ
Ѱ֮һ֮жһ˿ԷȻǾ˵Էݺܲ򵥣򵥵ֱ׷ʽǾ
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1075 ֮
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²ûдĻӦڽħϿ֮Ϊǿһˡ
ĵĵӣȴԲ۷壡
һֱҶĲ²⣬Щ˵ʵֻЩĵ֮ееˮ׼
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ħϿ֮еıνǿĺܣ¼Щǿ߶ᶯģҶ쵨ҿ϶Щһֵġ
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ͬһֹֻһվľϢȻﵽ֮ľ֮У㾳ħսͻɷҪǿĺܡ
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1076 Ԩ֮
ⸯ֮ģҶ첢İΪŻԨ֮ţһǿŻеŻ֮Ҳŵǿ
Ԩħһγɣһħ֮͸֮ɵĽᾧʩչҲǰŸζ֮ҶԨ֮֮˶ڶԷϢ
һ־֮󣬲пܲĴڣϸ˵࣬ȴԲǻʬ
ҶļһһλĵеٮٮߣһšʬħĹҪȡʬ͸֮Ҳϣõġ
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ȴû뵽Ҷ̥׵ĳֱ㽫Լһѹĳ̶ˡ
á⵽ʲôо͵ȼߣΪʲôȴԴﵽ˵ľ֮Уѵڰϻ𣿡
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ŭһ֮ǼһʨͷȻٵı׳
˿˿Ĺâ˸ϣɫĹ⻪֮УȻһɺ嫵Ĳƣ漴֮ʨͷȻ׳·һƽɫʨͷһ㣬ŽͭɫĹâ
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һʨͷֻɱѼӲŻֵҽʱһ޴ʨͷ濪ʼ֣漴ı仯Ϊƣٴεĵ󣬸Ǳ仯ΪƬ촷ۡ

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ûжԷӵеȳ֮෴ǴʥĹԣＫطԷа쵽һּ֮󣬱෴ı仯
ԷȻǶʥִЧԷԾ˵ĺܣѾﵽ֮İ쵽۷ĲˣΪⸯ֮ĵԵʣһȴҲֻʱǿʱҲǶԷΪʲôһлɱħսͻɷԵ֮һ
ҶԨ֮ȴǿеѹס˶Է󲿷ֵʵһǿе˶Էĸ֮ģȻ˲Ľ͵ĳ̶ȡ
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Ԩ֮Ըоⸯ֮ĶĪ棬ڤ𳤺һ֮˲Ľһö֮Ŀʼȥ
䡭
ɫĹâʢԭĺɫâ𽥵Ŀʼȡ
аʥ໥ںϣ漴Ĵﵽһ塣
͡
һа۾Ĵӹʬϳ֣漴ʼסҶ壬һ̵ʱѣԷȴѾҶޱߵɱ⡣
ߡˣôõʱ䣬ҲǱô͵ĺܣȻ˵ĻǾͿҵԨ֮˸֮֮󣬲ǿɡ
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ɡ
֮У˿ûȶ˼ҶĻﴫ˲ֱֱŹŹֺа£Զ֮У˯ֱۣԷȥҶƿشƣ˲䱻ǿԨ֮С


1077 ħ
ܺãõⸯ֮֮ҵȻٴεıŷ˾˵㹻ҲǿԨ֮ŻԽԼȡһ֣൱Ҳ
Ҷ￪ĵ˵ҲǴĪϲá
ķʽԤʾڶݵʱٴεĲ뵽һµĲ֮ڵѾ̫žΪԵĻֻҪȥٴμȡԽԽԨ֮ţԱ֤ټԨ֮ѸٵĳɳҿٴεԼ۵ʱĻԼ¿Խ뵽̫žǵΪǸߣ
뵽Щ֮Ҷ̲ס¶һĨɷ
͡
ӰȻ˸˲֮УѾԽʮɽ壬֮·һ۰̬׵ĽΧɽиΪΣ˸ң
ٺĽһ
ٶ֮Χ˸ǿ̲סԴȻ˵ҶѾ˵ȴڰԵľ衣
ÿµƣʵƺֻ̫žΪɡ
˵Ϊʹ˵ķЩĵʾĵӵΪÿһλſµĴܲ׵ıѹ̫žޣ̶ȣһλ֮ǿ߶һֻһָͷ
˲м˵
ơֵǿᣬѪɱޱߵѹ֮ǿ߶²߱˭ܹ˾˵Ϣ
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ҶȻҲһЩ֮ǿע⵽ǹϢ֮µĿֲ㹻ĶһУȻǵпʼ
⵽ĸǿߣΪʲôǰû˵
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ǻһֵ˿ʼԵ˼⡣
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һŭ֮ǿɾѧʩչ֮УҶ·ƿɵʩչ֮ȫĿʼγһڿֲԲǧ׵ķΧ֮Уһеħޡޡޡ׷׵ıը
ֲıը쳹һӵʱ䣬Բ׵ķΧڲ涼γһƬ֩ĺۼ
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ը
Ҷ̲סԳЦ
ǱһŻȴʼʬ壬ɵٶȼӿ죬Ҳڳǿ֮УԴԴϵĿʼȪһĵչҶĺһɿµԪڹ
ѹʼк£ӣγɾ嶥̬
ĳӣļ·һִֻһ㣬ѸٵĿʼߡ
Ӵ˵߰㵽ƻţ֮޲˾Ч
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ԴԴϵԪһŻʼɵԨ֮ŵıһ޴Ӱʼ˽ԨĶħڿ
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ڵĸ֮ϵĴ߶Լⸯ֮Ҷ쿪Ԩ֮֮󣬱ѾʼĴԼԭİ״̬ǰ̶ϡ
Ĺ˸˲֮УѾʼ˶Է

һ֣ȴϵš
ҶںţſӺܶ࣬ǴǿߣڵԼҲ̫ľ£ǵ˴ǾϵĵزŻɵ
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ȴһָһٵĿԼĳì߳˫Ĵ̴˾ħ޵壬̼Ѫ䣬һſʼչ
Ԩ֮š֣
󡭡ѹɭȻ


1078 սն
ҶͷҲأѸٵĿʼ˺һƬգ󱳺Ԩ֮ѾȻͬһֲֻͻһڷſԼͣһڽǾħ޵ȥ
˲֮УԴԴϵʼ۵Ҷ֮Уڲϵһһ㣬ʵ㣬ΪʱĵѾһɾ׵ˡ
תգҿ
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Żâɣ
һֲħʼǵ
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ٴεŭ
һĹ⻪ʼٵĲΪΪǿʹ
һλźɫ۵ķŭͷ֮ɫһͷİɫһ˫۾ͬӥ۰վͬҪץȡһľ˲Ͽ񱩳֣ȴһֵĶڷŭ˼֮Ų̬
һλһλµţȴû뵽ǰСȻ˵ķĳҶ첻Ǻĵĵӣ֧ĵӶ˵ֶѣһɱĶһֿǵϺȡӵ߰ˣĻǰҶ컹ǲ֪ôˣħȷֵģֻǶԷٶ̫죬һ·ϱŶԷȴû뵽ȵٴοħ޵ʱȴѾҶѹˣ
һŲ׵ϴǿҵɱ⣬ǾҶıһعϵŻ֮ȴڰԵһ𾪡
һŻԼԴû뵽Էĳ·ȴԸоصľֶκͲһ޼ɵȥһеĲ·֮䣬Ǹоһ˿Լɵв
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ʼγɣɫɫǻ˳ӰĻ
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׵ϵĹâĲƣ䣬һٴεĸ֣һƴһ˿ʥϢ漴ģƷ·Ƕо˶Էĳһ㣬ȻĿʼӳ
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ʮȻð
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Ҷ¶˿ĵɫٴεǴһƣҶȻĵĺܡ
ϵĹ˸֮Уü֮۷·Ƕһһ㣬ƿʼսᡣ
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Լ߷·ǺףǱҪɵȥƿأڲͬԵЩ֮ҶŸоԼǰǺεȵСԼڲ֪һһصԭĿɲֻʵϵǿ󣬸һǿĸı䣬һǿҵ
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ȴˣǾħ޵ǿɲһ̫žǿ߿ȥԿӦģ˵ɱĻӵѵˡ
ҲһĪļɻ䣬ȴȫһ㡣
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ҶﵭЦƵÿһڷתÿһ˿ڷԼǶԼһǿҵ
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Ҷ˫ĿȻµĹâ˲䴩Խ׵Ŀռ˶Էǰ䣬ƺһԹһ㣬ӵʵǿᣬʶ㷺ڱҶ˫Ŀ֮ȴҲ̲סĲһֵĲ
ԼȥάŸղŵǰЧԼ϶򵽱ԭĶģ鶼޷ȥ䵽ġ
ˣСӣôĵӣȻһɱҵľħޣΪԼңΪҵūҽеһбһŻһŹġ
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ǾħƺնɱģûаĹϵ㻹Ƥ񰡣ҪҳΪūƾ𣿡
ŭ˸

ҶҪ䱬һ㣬ʱŭǿᣬǸоԼȭͷԴһһ㣬ȻоЩ󣬵ȴǰһǰйһԼŭ⡣
ôĵӣҵڴһ̵ı飡
ӵԽŭҶʵֻ̫žΪģԼȴ֮ڰΪһεģҶ쵽ôǿҵš
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ϵĹŹ⻪˲֮Уӵı·ǳһɫĻ󣬻ϴЦݣ·̼ĿȥȻһеаһ㣬һֻ޴ĽɫƷ·ȼճ˽ɫһٵĳҶϰΧȥ
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һسֻеȴ޵ʩչȴӵѸ͡
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Ľɫʼ֣Ǵ̬ĽɫӡѸٵʩչ
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һԹ۾ʱҲĳҶ쿴˹


1079 Ϣ
쵰쵰㾹Ȼնң
ӵ̲סĺ棬һѾն飬¶һ׳ɫף׵˿˿ķģÿһķĶĹ˸ȴһ˿ơ
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ҶʱҲ֪ԼΪʲôڿʼʱûնԷϣԭȻһ׵á
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ӵѾðһâ漴עȫĻǷһ˿ŭ⣬·㣬ΧԲ׵ķΧ֮УγһĹ֮˲
Сӣ㾹ȻҶǱʸ֪׹еˣھȪ֮£Ҫҵ֣
֮Ȼı˲ĳҶ忪ʼΧˡ
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͡
µâͻȻҶ˫Ŀбŷ˫ĿҲ΢΢漴ĿգһĲǺԼƵĲ
Լ²ûдĻӦạ̇̄


1080 ׵
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ԼԪȫɵˣǶԷȴҲԼı֮Ҷ컹޷ͻԼû̫ʮѪİԼûôǿҩ˵Լû
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֮ҫһֲȡ˹֮ںһľѧ˵˵ĪЧ
Ҷ׹еļ֮ʱһžѧһ൱ǿľѧ֮󣬿Բһֹԡ
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Ժ֮вϵ˼Ҷǿеļס˶ԷϢڵķ漴Լ
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1082 а֮
ǵ죬ԭֻǵ죬ǻûйȥյʱ䣬ҾȻѾ˵Ϊһδתһεʥսܹ֮ȡĺãȫĿԳΪ֮ǿߵġ
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1084 Ѫ
֮дǿҵ쳹ǻŻĲƺڽΧɵһ㣬һǿҵĸоҶ˫Ŀâ˸
ղŵ֮дŵһԵлһ˿ĲǺȻһ֮вûôõʣ˵Ц֮Уһ˿ɬԵû취ȥıֺ֢ɵĺ˵Ļһĳ̶Ҳֻ֮һ̶ˡ
Ҷļʶϵ˽⣬Ѿһ˵˽⣬ȻĿһ۱㿴˶Էϵ
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ӽ뵽֮ҹʮ죬ԼʼһֱûмҹʮʵҲֻ̫žΪˣЩĵӵǿ󣬿Ѿκһ˵ˡ
ĵ̫ǿҶ춼Բ²⵽ѾŴĵӣȻ˵ֿԺܵͣȴûеġ
ڵҶɲȥǺеǿԿĻԼһ֮صġ
ΪǿߣѾŵ˼£ǵ߶ǿ۷ǿߡ
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ѪֵʵѾﵽ֮ΪˣȻֻһĳ̶ȣһʩչȴ㹻Ͷǿ߶Կ
ǰߵλǿҲ򵥰ԷΪʬ˵һؼķ֧԰׹ΪʬƵĺܣ㹻ķӳԼΪǿֶʱĻЩ˾ˡ
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ԸСﾹȻҪôǿʵԽԽˡ
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Ӳǲ˼ǵʵͲǿȻЩ֧ĵ֮Ǻǿģںĵӵȴ㲻ʲôЩĺĵӣһָͿΣֻˣֻнԼǿһչֳֻãǲŻᱻע⵽ҲշΪĵӵˣǶһӶкôġ
Ѫֵڴ
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ȺˣˣǸϽ뿪ǱɷǸҵĻҲˡ
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ԶԶԣȺȷʵˣǸְһָǬ
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ֻǿռ֮УѾ³ǧ׵ĳ̶ȣ޴֮ϣһضѻɵȴԵøʹۡ
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ĸ뿪ģ˵ǡ


1086 ʯ
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ʬҪˣݺ۳ңҲһλˣϾǿֶΣǿµΪ֧֣һš
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ҹʮаԵľȲѣǰҶʵ̫ǿЩʵԭҲǿᵽ˼µģҶȽϸ㲻ʲô˵ֶο¼е೤϶޷֮Ƚϡ
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˳ֵĽӹһöʯȻһǿҵļУһ൱泩ĸоͺԼ˶һƬˮе̬
Ĳεȵǿҡ

ͻȻҶ΢΢һٴεŽԼʼ뵽С


1087 
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ߺߡӵĻ˵һĪĺô֮ĴʯֱˣĴӹâҽ֮Ҳ㹻ˡ
аԵ˷֮УҶҲԼĿ⿪ʼڴսȥ
һλֳִ󽣷ڴŲпЦݣϵĶΧĶֻɱ
ÿһĽ۶ʾ˾˵Ĳһ˵аһ㣬ּȵѸͣȻûһεĳ־ͿԽһλǿ߸ɱǻˡ
һﻹǿֲ˼¡
Ҷɫ΢΢һаԵ˵
͡
һǹ費ϣ·ؼǳһ㣬˲Ļһââ裬һλɫװӳҶǰ
ԷǹεȵҶǹ֮ҲһʱˣȻԿĳһڵĳ̶ȱԼҪ಻˶٣ߣѺ۲ϡ
ȻԽΧһоĴݻٵ
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ߵѸٳˡ
һıкݺݵײһ𣬲ľ˲Χļʮλ̫žǿ֮ǿ߱ǿеɺ
ж죡
ǹ֮еĳǹϴĹâ˲ĳǹһֲĴһ㣬ڿеĦҶǿֶΣ㹻Ŀһŵﵽһô˵ĳ̶ȡ
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Ȼľڳǹµ˲䣬ֳִ󽣵ڵıǿеĻ
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Ц
漴忪ʼѸٵǰȥ
󽣵ļһĲ⣬Ĺ֮£˿ȥģصơ
͡
˵ƿ
ǹأ
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Ҷˣ


1088 ֣
ֱǾԵĲģ
ҶҵôõĻȻһֱѡ񽫶Է峹׵ĸѹסġ

оԼϵľʹ߳׵ıݺݵر
ǿеסϵľʹһﾹȻٴεĳˣ
Ҷɫ΢΢һȫû뵽ԷȻ˵ķ񣬶֮ȻҲڳɱ
ħ
һ̲סŭһϵȻһĽϵѪıȳ漴һȭɱȥһȭƺǴһ˿ζ
Ҷʵˣʱȴɸо˶Էǿ
ڵʵȻѾ뵽̫žڰΪǶԷϾ֮۷Σϻķ涼أνħһħħֶΡ
һԼΪԴ֮ǿߵǿԴﵽô˵ĳ̶ȣκεһ˶޷󵽵ģǵĴӶԷǰ㾪˵ĲĻѾһֹסˡ
͡
ҶƻۣһìݺݵسŶԷӭȥ
ʱĶԷνħûȫĴѾовԵĲܹһﳹ׵ıĻ˵൱Σյġ
ϣһ̫žϣȻ͵Ϯңһ˺ңĻ쵰ȥǰɣ
Էϱ쳣֮жɭȻɱ⣬һıһ㣬˵Ķڷ˰Ķ
ߡ
ŭһҶĳìʼŷ⻪
ʮƳ
ʮεƣѾһ˿󵽵ˣ˵Ҷ̫žڰǿߣʮεƱʮһӳ
Ǿʮ̫žڰǿںһǰһ֮۷ǿߣȴҲԲҶĶ֡

ŭһڶԷ㵵֮УҶĳìȻµĶһ㣬ѸٵĽεضֱӵ˳ƿʼֱ۹עѸٵĻ飡
ʹɴɣĲҽг֣ҶȴǾԵĲһģ˵ǿǿµĺܣʱԼֵĻԷܻܿѹġ
а֮ţ
޴а֮ŷبŶѹ˲еʱ̶ѣҶѾǿеĽԷС
оԼ֮дһļһɾ˵ľָҶ̲ס¶˿ĵɫ
֮۷ǿߣ㾪˵㹻ĳԽʮλԭɵǿߡ
ﰵԵĸ̾һ֮ҶҲٵĳⱻͨɽȳȥ
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һɾ˵ɷͻȻĴڲ˳ɿµɷ֮дžԵƿأһɭȻ񽣣ѹ
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ǺܿĿٴεĳڲʼȥһɾڲϵĴ̼ˣǿĶѡ
ʯ
ǴʯڵҶѾƿԣ
ֻҪ㹻ͿԳɳȥϵĳɳȥʱĻԼͻ˱ι쳣ΪҪģŰ˲ͼа֮ţֶΣÿһֵֶζҪԼȥһδεĴ֮ſԣŰ˲ͼ֮УԳһ磬ǶԷȡҲҪһĹ̵ģⴿʯһҶоĳһ־˼µ
ϾΪһ㡣
ֻеõЩʯ֮ҾʸΪ֮ǿߣʱĻ˭ҵĶ֡
뵽Щ֮Ҷ̲סıһĨĻߡ
͡
Ӱ΢΢ĶţҶ·һֻɵ֩һ㣬˿߿ʼ漴ĳܲϵɨţÿһεɨ䶼൱СѸ١
ĴŴǿߣҶҪעܶģûԼܿܺͶԷϵģڵҶȻ֮ǿߣȴڵȥһλ֪͵ȼĴǿߡ
ɽʵǹ󣬵Ҷ֮󣬵ǿµıϵԸ쭷͸վ¿ʼɢÿһεĲ֮Ҷ˿˿Ĳ
ĺȻӰ쵽塣
ÿµĺ
΢΢˵漴Ŀʼˮ֮תȥ
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㹻ˮ֮ΪǿıԴԵȻµĺܣǼٺıҲǾˮ֮仯γɵģ˵ȻԷǿĺܣȴ޷ԼȽϡ
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ҶٶѸٵǿСȴٶȷɿĳȥ
Ϻ˼£˵ǲ̫ͨžǿ߶άϵȥ
ɽŰķΧĺܣΧȴĶЩµıǶΧıڲ棬ҶǺ棬˵̬֮£γɵıڲ㣬Ҵʯγɡ
ʯ֮пûжٵı֮ġ
ＫطѵΪĳֿµıԱŵµǿĴʯɣ
뵽Щ֮ҶϽס¶һĨϲɫ
ӵĻǱǶôľ˺Ϳµġ
𡭡
һ˵ıͻȻ֮дſµ޺޺ĲƣÿһĲƶһ಻֮УЩĳ㹻ĶһУΧıڲһĿ±˪ѩ
ѩʼΪ˵Ľ

һʼ֣
ʥƥŸһУ
Ҷɫ΢΢һ䣬̲ķ޷ĸо
ǿߣ
аԴﵽ̾
ܿһ׳۵ѾҶǰһֻȫѩɫڳһȺڷŭﲻϵűɫЩ䵽˼£໥ôԶľ룬Ҷȴɵĸо̲صѾﵽһ˵ֶΡ
Ϊ׵һλŵЦ⿴ŶԷȻ˵ڵĺЦȴɵĸоƺһֵɭȻ
˦ÿһε˦֮УԷ޲ǽɫǿеĻȥ
Ű׵ĳȣʮ׸߶ȣǰȴ·Сһ㣬û˿İ취ȥѵƿء
ɫĵ֮Եø
Ҷ콫ԼĿ⿪ʼһȥ֮ȴ̲סĲһ׹ߵĸоһϤӰ˲ϵ΢
̣


1089 ƻ
£߲ʹԣŮʥޱȣü֮һӨӨĹԣ·һʥԡ֮УǸ߸ѩɫ񾱸һֻ߸ϵķһ㣬ޱȡ
̣
޾ŮˣԷԼȻûȥɱҶȴԵĲܹԭԭһĪ衣
Լ̫ͨҲǷһ
Լԩ޳𣬵ǴȴΪ˵õɵԼеǲˡģҶӵĿ϶һ飬ŮΪ˵õ԰Լ彻ԼǾһĺŮӡ
ЫŮݿҲΪԼָһԷ֪ĻҶ׵ı뵽ԷҪԼ׷ɱˣεģԼͶԷ֮ԵĲ˼򵥵ģ
ŶԷĽϴʥϢǹ̬ϢԵǺĺܣԵټΪ֪Ů˵ĵĻҶĻΪԼһλ뷲Ůˡ
ҶĳѸٵתΪ˽ɫĹԣߴţԼڵ̬ԵĲᱻ˷ġ
ǷټҶȴҲаղ˲²⵽Լݡ
þ˵ֶΣѵʥʵ
һֹ
Ҷüͷ΢΢̲סİԽһԼȻֻע⵽˻֮󣬾Ȼһ˲ĿʼķˣΧЩ˶ûע⵽
ɽ֮УֻһȺˣܵվżʮˡ
Щ֮л̫žٮٮߣ֮ǿߣΧҶ컹Լĸо˴ĲɲȻأȴҲ޷ùҶ챾ˡ
ʥ
Ҷüͷ΢΢һ
漴Ŀһǰ꣬Ȼû˿ı飬Ժ֮ȴʼ
Ȼһ鷳ˡ
ܿҶҵ˶ԷϢ
ǵЩ֮Ҷ϶ʼ̲ס¶𾪵ɫ
ʥ
ĺĵӣȻ峤ĶӣȴѾλһ峤
˵˶ԷԺһ塣
ͲŲһʮ꣬ȴѾ뵽ǾΪΪľжǺѸˣһʮĳ̶ȱѰ˵ǾţһëǶԷѾ뵽˴졣
Ǻεȵǿᣡ
ǾΪԵ޷а
аԵ˼
漴ٴοһạ̊́ʱĶԷĬĬؿʥȻǵȻҶȴɿԴӶԷп˿˿Ĳ
¾ǻõ֧ŰɡԻ̵ı˵κε˶ӣһССĴǾ˻ռĿ꣡
ÿµֶΰȻԴﵽ˵ľ硣
ǰɽеõдʯڿĻûа취ˣԷĿֲѾǿ󵽵ˡ
ǿһֻıħްһֲı֮֮Ϊ޷ͶԷԿģ
ϻҪ˵ˣǴͨҲȥӲģ֪ʥεĴﵽ̶ȵģεĶǿȥӦ˵ġ
üͷҶٴεĽԼעŵһֻ޴ıħϡ
ħһֿµޣʵǿĺܣһıǿ˼֮㹻Ľض
ǰһֻħ޿Ѿﵽ˳ڣȻûдﵽ۷ĳ̶ȣȴҲԽ֮ǿ߸㶨ģǴǿҲ޷׵ӦǰʥȴӶԷǹϮĺɵȥӦԵĲһ˿󵽵ġ
𣡣
ŭ֮ٴεĳ֣ħȻѾоǰ֮˵Ŀֲʵٴεŭ֮УͻȻıһɫɫĳ֣ΧıڲĹڿʼϵĻ
漴ļĿʼתγһ˵С
ˣǱħеļ
ģһﾹȻʩչǳ۷ſʩչİ
˵һнһƬռȫĿ
˵ʼҶĶߣȴĳʥû˿⣬˿û⣬ӵĻֻһԭҪôΪԷǸ׳գҪôΪһѾǿ˿ӶԷĳ̶ˡ
ʥȻ˵ȻĲǸ׳գһĿǿΪ𣿡
аԵ˼
ǶԷһеĻҶǵƴŰ˲ͼʮа֮Ųſѹ˶Էʥȴ˿û⣬̶ѾԵǱԼҪǿĶˡ
䡭
ߡ
޴ıƲʥһ漴˫ֿٵĽӡ
һӡǵĳ֣ҶɫʱĿʼ
򣡡
Ƿ۷˵ģһֺԼһӵǿֶΣԼ֮򣬱׵編򣬻֮ȵȡ
Էӡչ˲䣬ȻԼʼоǿҵвԼ֮ƶڷĲ
ǿ໥ɵģҿԼķʼҵĸı䣡
ǵ۷Ҷļڵġ
⻪˸ӡǲϵĸ֣ϣҶ쿴ʥϢǿҵĻڶԷ֡
·ǽһӳĵĳΪһֲ֮һ㡣
ߣ
һȣһĪȣͷ·һλԼĳһ㣬û˿ѹȴԴ޾ѹԲ
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˫ͻȻľٶһƶʱ˫Ŀ˵һ㣬̴˲񷡣
¡¡
˫۵ʱĿʼչˡ
𡭡
ħ޵ŭ֮УϵʱĿʼƳһӴھ֮ϣ޾Ǻ֮ʼĲӿ֮еĿֲ˺һУǷԲ׵ķΧǿеıһΪһ˪磬֮һе˲䱻
Ǿʱһ·ȴʥ۳
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޴ĳõ涼ı˺Ŀռ䣬һ۳Ϊʵһ㣬ֱ˵ǰγһ޴ƥȭͷȭͷأѹǬ
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ħ޵ĲҽֻһӰı֮Ȼһȭ׵Ĵĵȥ
ǺεȾ˵ֶΣ
Ҷ˫Ŀڱâ
Ӧǡƻ򡷸ģ㷨ҵġ֮򡷶࣬Ȼɳĳ̶ȿҪ಻٣һʩչԵĿöԷѰǿʮʮ
飡
ħ޵˵ϣ
Դ˺ѳΪ룡
Щص㣬ΪҪǣҶоһԱ˫ĿѾʼܿ˹ڷ


1090 ֮
Ȼ໥ŵľ뻹ԶҶȴɵĿԸоڶԷ֮һ־ޱȵĲ·Ĺ⻪˸ϣ˵Ĺ⻪˺񽣡
᲻ɴݣ
һ֣
ҶɫԷһǾǿߣԼǶԷĶ֣ھϻĲ϶˵ġ
ȥȥ
аԵ˼֮УҶϢʼεذסˡ
аԵ˼֮УѾʼ¶ƽɫƽķ·һʥɮˡ
ģˮ
ɢһֵȻϢǺںһһ㣬ǵĹ⻪𽥵ɢضںһڼһλǿֶεվҶǰ¶ĸоҶĴڵġ
͡
һ⻪ı
ʥȻĳˡ
һ֮ǿߣǿе˺ѳΪĩ
֮ǿʲôǸ߸ϣ綼һĴڣҽеĻᶼûб㱻Էǿе˺ˡ
ʥʲô˼
ǿһλͬɫ߰꣬˵ϴ˿˿ǿҵĲʥĲƵĺܣֹӵ˼£һبŵϢǴΪ
վǱնɱ֮˵ı󣬴̬һӦǱնɱǿߵĺ̨
˫Ŀ˿˿У·Сڶһ㣬ʱĶԽ˵峹׵ȥ
һĵɫ۸߹ĺܣһ˫ĿʱڷĲеŭȻ˼¡
ʥһһλǿߣΪͫԷͲ󣬵ȴҲǴǿߣ˵ڼʵеףһŹϵš
һʷȴҲǲˣͫڶԷҲ㺦¡
ߣͫӦ֪ʥҪ飬һȻǿᣬǺһεģǵļڶֻ࣬ҪȥӵǿʵǵļȴҪ۾۾ûеͨ͸ûа취ӳԼʵ˵Ǽ֮бΪ֮һľۣ֮Ѳɻҹвɣ
ȻʥڶԷҲ൱ʶ
ȴԵĲڶԷ
Ҷ˫Ŀ΢΢
ΪͫļһԵҲһλǿߣ
̫ˣû뵽ȻһǿߣͫҲһλţ˵˵һ֮Ϊµ֮һۣ֮һȥ˲䣬˵ʵǿᵽ˼°
ǰ۾һһϱԻأ˱˰
˿ʼ̲סĽе
ʱĸ˵Ľ֮УҶѾԲΧɽѾ˸Χ
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ҶЦһǶıҲʼԽľ
֮Уճ˵ԵǲȱģʥȴҪе˳׵ĽɱˣǴɱڣʲôӵıܹϧȥô֮Ǵǿߡ
Щ˴󲿷ֵĶǺĵĵӰһֵĻǽǵļˡ
ۣ֮˵һ֮УһλǿߣǿһȥԽɽ䳹׵һۿǳ¸ǿʧȥԭĹ⻪һ۾֣ߺߡǲ֪˵мɵʵ԰
ʥЦ˵
ߡȻ˵Ļԣ
ⱻɱշ£ͷ֮±ﵽֶ֮εķ֧ӿֻòײŵõģڻûиԼ£Ѿˣͫбŭĺˣȴû뵽ǰʥȻԼ
ˡ
ȵǲˡģ
ۣ֮ǴžһʩչıԴʥĵȼȻҸߣȴԲҵĶֵġ
ͫЦ˵
ԼɱԼ£һ裬һĪ裡

һĲҽֻڴһλѾһնɱһλͼ뿪ǿߡ
ѪԷԵʥ¡
㡭㽫еȫĻɱ
̲ͫסŭ
䡭
Ǿŭʱʥȴˣ
¡¡
ҶһμԷϵĳ֣ղŶԿǱħȻҲǿ󣬵ȴûʵһΣһԵǴ㽫ʵˡ
Ҳʥͫӣȴǲ֪Էʵмɣ
ֻȨ
ٻһȨѾƾѹ
Ȩͬһλһ㣬ǿҵѹʱǿ߿ʼ̲סĹ˵ϡ
һɽѹǷ˾˵ɷ
ͫɫ΢΢һȴЦһ
ССѹƾҪѹ𣿡
ҶȴоʥƺǴһ޵Ц
䡭
ȨͻȻһʱһɾ˵ĲȻĿͫ


1091 һ𣬲׺ɣ
ҵȨȣҵףΨһȨȹ󣡡
һɾ˵ʼˣʱΧĿռ䣬һֱ̬ٶȿʼٶǿĺܣ㹻ÿǧ׵ٶȥ˲ʱ֮Ѿɽ֮еһȫİΧ
ŰپʮűȨѸٵĸֳÿһȨȶһλصĻƿأĻγ˾ʮص̬ѹһУǾ˵ǻ˾ŰپʮɽĿʼѹȥ
ֻأ
ŭһ֮УһеһѾת˲֮ʱпʼ仯
ͫɫҲסĿʼ䲻ϣԴ棬һɷתһ˲䶼ʼǿе
ŰٶǿÿһεĻӶÿռһĻ촷ۣռˣͫٵĿȻӿֲ
ֻأ
ŭƺǽ뵽ĳֿµľأ˲Ŀʼǿо𣬿ʼԼ壬Ϊİ׹һ㡣
֮ϣ·һ飬ĮĿͫĪ
ֻأ
䣬ͫоĲԼΧʼɢÿһǴУɱ¾ԼʱĶűԷɱĿܡ
ҵֻԼҲ޷ߣ
ƻӶԷ徹Ȼ֮ѸٵĿʼһĺѸͣʱĶըһ㡣
ҡ
һԹľ֮ۿʥ¶˷Ļߣ
дֻأд黹ǿߣû㣬Ҳ⣬𡪡
ʮָٵĽ֯һ
Ҷ˫Ŀ΢΢һݣĺǰһʮָ֮Уǿ󲨶Ѿ˿ռ谭
𣡡
˫Ȼĳȥ
䣬Ҷ쿴ձǿе˺ˣÿһ˺ѶԼĿǿգǳʷĳɳ

ŭһ
ǧٵĺڶȻһŭγɣĿʼ仯ΪΪֲĺڶ籩籩ĳʼһС
ǾŰپʮĻҲ޷ܣڷĲ֮УȨȶʱ𣬶̲סķһİ˲Ŀʼɢˡ

Ȼ˲һУ
ԲʮķΧǱǿеƻˣ
촷ۿʼķ裬ȴһǿÿʼտ裡
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ʥ¾ȻҶԼߵһ˳֣ͫ񱩵ŭһٴε˺ա
أ
λ֮ǿʱ·ȼըҩһ㣬˲ıը
ÿµֶΰ
Χһ˿ɫ쳣ξߵֻ˲䷢ģȴ˷ԲķΧʮĵѾһƬķ档
Ĵʼγɣ·
ǿе˺ѳΪ촷ۣ˲ȡȥ
ʥ㵱ΪҲĶ𣿡
ͫȷʵС㣡
ʥɫһ࣬ԼȻûЧȻŭĺܣȴҲû˿İ취
͡
Ӱ˸ֻǿһ𣬶ʱһ˵ѾͫǿеĿסˡ
ϴ޾ɷĿŶԷ
㡭
֮ʥ϶ʱĿʼ¶һĨĲԭͫȻǿߵػѸٵĽ̸Ӷ˹һ֮Ҷ죬ٴεĽͫжһµĲΡ
һʵѾ뵽˴ǾΪûǲӹʥӵַġ
̵û˿䣬ƺǶԼǿпסΣûκεĸı䡣
һݵĵҶٴεİԸоһĻѾﵽһޱȾ˵ĳ̶ȡ
ʥ㻹ΪԼʵѾͨɣڵĳ̶ȸвңʵѾ뵽˴ǾΪҵľҲѾ뵽Σڵ㣬ȽɲС
Ҷüͷ΢΢ԼһжϾȻһ˿ˡ
ߡ
ʥƺ𽥵
ɫ𽥱ԭķɫ建ϴһɾ˵Ĳһ˫Ŀ·Ǵǿҵ̬ԽΧһйâȫɵһ㡣
˫ֱ˰Ȼͦ·һ˫بŵһʵ̴˲񷣡
ֻת˲֮䣬˵Ϣȴ˷츲صı仯
û˵˵ĴңǵһȴҲһ
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֮Уüĵ֮ȴʼٵķ̫ʮѪӤȻŭһޱѹʱչ
漴Ŀʼһ˵âΧѹ˲ƿ
һˮǧɽһ𣬲׺ɣ
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1092 Եʥ
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ϵĽǷѵĲ·Ǳһ˵Ĵɽǿеѹε̬һ㣬ѪȾ˲񷣬һ˫ĿʼѪ
ܵشųֵΣ
ʥȻԵֿס֮۵
£ôܣʵô˵ǿ󣿡
ʥˣŹҼˣ
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ͫʵֻдǾΪľ֮һֹ쵽˼µֶΣʥʵǷֶξˣȴҲûа취ĺͶԷ˲ɱĳ̶ȡ


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ʥƻԼġ֮򡷻ܵǿҵѹƣʱĻƽõܴѹƵġ

һ֣һȴ˲һ޷ĸоҶ춼ܡ
ĵȼ̫ˣĲԶԶԷ˿вҶǻоһϻص
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͡
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1093 ˣӴܣ
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Ѫ޵ɫ䣬Ѿﵽ֮ãʵǿĺܣҪ뵽ͨΪˣܵ˵ĶԴһ裬Ī裡
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쵰
λǿҲ׷׵ŭ
Ǳܣڶϵƣ
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ʥɫʼҶܵһ֮󣬾ȻܹҶϢֻ̫žΪʲôѹΪ֮ǿߣǿ߶⣬ǰҶ̫žΪȻ˷Ǻεȵơ
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1094 ׷ɱ
˵ٶ֮£߲ʮ֮ļӳ֣Ҷ˾ͷ·ǻһŵһ㣬ٶ֮죬׵磬˹һеһС
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ҶıӰ̵Ľ΢΢һ֮и¶ĹâǺܿâȴѸɢ֮Уȷʵ뵽Ҷ죬ҶʵڿʼʱҶʵҲﵽ˲𾳵ĲΣϵһԼǿеҪָǲܵģο֮˵ʵȻ˲ɱһλ֮۷ǿߡ
ڰʥһ֮û䣬ҶʵҶεţεǿᣬȴɲﵽز
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аԵ˵
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ҶĻ˵ãһɣԷѾҵĺⳬأԽһУȫҪѹסʥսһҪѰһȥһôˣ˵ǲĻǾնɱ
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ָ΢΢һʱǵϵѪǰ֮Ưţϵ˸ΪĹԡ
ҶѪѪѪҺԵĲһƺǴһ־˵ǱǿƿԼǰȴɵĿԿڲϵĳһŤߣǶԷڲϵĻߡ
ǿƿصĿռǾԵģ޵еģѪȴ·˿ûоһ㣬ͨһĿʼϣǲ֮ǿ߶һѹסĸо
ʲôѪģģǰͰеѪʲôѪѲһݻЩʥǿ߶ڼɵѵĴڲɣܵģʥѾΪǿˣؼһʲʵ죬ȴҲԵĲܻ˵ݵģֻһ˵˵
ˣǴ˵ȴ¶˿˿ӵɫûȷȴѾ¶˵ӵ̬ȻصĵطԵĲôļ򵥵ġ
ʵϿҲ˵ǿޱȵġ
ٴεĻӶʱѪʼɢϼ⣡
ϢϢ
ǿߵĺ
˲һӰڵĳǰ֮ǿߣ漴һЦϡ
ܺãҪҵصˣҺõֹͣ˵εģܲ
飡
ûеȵ˷ӦʱѪȻըˡ
һڵĴѪ֮бֲӵָ̲סĿʼǿеĵˡ
·ܵһ㡭
ģʲôˣֻҵһ˿ϢѣʱȥĻʥ϶ˡҵģǶԺĵλһĪսҪҵСӣɱֻӲſʥϵõػҲԴʥϵõĺôġ
ڶԷ뷨Ҷǿ϶Ĳ֪ģڵڷĿȥϵĿ֮УϵѪȴѾ̵ļ
νָɽ̫ǿЩȻõڲһ˿аĲһǿ̶ȾԵѾˣģԷΪʲôǿֶΣạ̊́ƺǸоˣʥڻ̵̬ȲһĹϵƺǻ˿˿ľηΪʲô
Ҷһ˼һ߰ԵĿʼָ
Ȼ˵ľ൱ˣȴҲ޷ڸסܵƵس̶ȵģһ֮ʼڵʱڣһɹɵľʹȴҲڲϵĴݳÿһεĴݶļⲻϵĿʼ鴤֡
ҿ
ٴεŭһϵļ־ʹҪ񾭣ϵı鶼̲סĳ鴤
һɹʱıǿų⡣
ưʱĶһвϵĿʼһֻ֩롣
ӦҲˣΪʲôȴ˵Ĺ⵽Ϊʲô
üͷ΢΢˼֮Уͻأľڴʱһɾ˵ȴ˲ⷽԲķΧռǿе
εȵǿᣬҶ춼ȥ
˲ıǿϯ˹ȥ
ô£
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ϵ꣬ϵֻ֮ҪٴεѰҵ꣬ҵǿĳ̶ˡ
һڴͷ˳
Ҷ˫Ŀ΢΢΢ѸٵĽ뵽״̬Ŀռںһ𣬺ıҵ
ֻһλ֮У棬һɾ˵ڷͷţÿһεͷŷǽҪռٴε˺һδΡ
ڵ˺ѵϵǿϱҲʼøӿˡ
Ҷ΢΢һ漴ĳǵطȥֻҪĿռ䣬ÿһӡǡ
ֲ
Ҷ΢΢һ϶ʱ¶һ˿Ŀ϶
ߺߣղŵǼŮϵԹ̫ϡٵģҵԹ֮޷õķӣû뵽ôõĥǾȻ޷ﵽҪԹӵĻϵĴ쵽׵Ҫٵʱ䣡
ŶԷĳ֣ΧҲɢ漴ĶԷҲٵı
ȳֵıһҺ˫Ŀ紿Ӥۣ֮ϸϸĿȥȴԷ֣ǲ˸ǿҵɱ¾֮
һʮĿ¼һҶڶԷģֳ֮ѾʼжһĻ֮Уǿ϶жϡ
֣һγ֮ǾʹŵõԹ֮ıԴģʱÿδһȭŴһεֻ֮ҪѰҵĿģͿɵе֮ٴεںѪȻҵʵԿӵЩνţ
͡
ռ䳤ͻأ쳹


1096 Ĺ
֣֮
ߵ·һλŭķӣ͵ĹȻһȫޱߵԹ
޴Ĺ֣֮Ǵʱȴ޵צצ˺ѣ˲Ŀʼץס˶Է塣
ɺɫ˫Ŀ·ҪԷ׵Ķһ㣬Ҷ죬ˣ
ȻܵصĴˣҶȴ֪ԼҪһԵĻаյġ
ߡ󱲣Ȼҽ뵽ҵԹ֮֮У
һߴʱһĻ谵䣬Ĳ֮γ˵һ㣬Ʋ漴ĹâЩâÿһ㹻ϸ
ϸϸĿȥ֣ᷢʲôľһ˵ڷĲ
Щÿһεɡ
׸֮߰даǿᣬβб˺ѷ϶צݺᣬ̼ıԽһеĹԳ׵ѹסԷԦһʥһ㡣
ָӶָҶȥ
Թʺޡ־塢ɱ¾
ĸȻ濪ʼ۳еһ濪ʼݻ˳һ㡣
ϸǿ˼£ƿذЧǿһճ׵
ⲻһѰ֮ǿߣܹԼ˾޴֮УҶ컹Ǻټġ
Թ֮
ǿϢ֮У޾Թʵʣ·һȺһ㳯ҶΧȥͼҪҶ峹׵߽ɵ
ߡ
һٴεǰ壬Ҷ컯ŭ˿õĳ֡
ŭѪ˫
һȭҶѾѪ˺ֻΪĴΪ͵һȭ
ʮ趯ʮűӳһһȭգϣһеԹ͵Ĵ˻ȥ
ӵʵòã˵˵ĻҲƾǿԹ֮串סȻǿеĻɱǶҶ˵֮㹻ӵԷԹ֮
䡭
ڶԷ޷ŵ֮УҶһȭĸ˲䣬Ǹ͵ľѾ˾˵Ĳ·һһ˳絶ӰĿʼߡ
飡
ԷѸٵͣ޷ŵ֮УѾȻըѳΪƬѪģ֮УΧĿռ俪ʼѸٵɢ
ҶȴûȴԷᵽ֣ڵһʱ佫Է˹

ڵĴϢŴ
ҶѾȫʪ͸ˣղŵһȥȻ򵥵ĺܣʵȴķ
ղŵĹֽ֮ԷķƿʮƵļӳ֣㹻е׵˲ӻһա
΢΢ĴϢ˼֮Ҷ漴
Ժ֮һļ俪ʼҶǿе
ֵϢѸٵĳƿ֮С
ԭⱻҶɱǿһΪ׼ĺĵӣΪһλŴ˵ǿߣǿߡ
׵ʱõܵĴУõһ֡
˵ڹϵ֮Уǿ似ؼѧԼţÿһֶǿٵذǿᡣ
ǿֶ֮УкܶѾͨ飬ǻΪϵ֡ݲĴԪ֮С
ҲһƲ۵鼮֮бһϾѧĹ֡
ֱеһ֡

ϲΪ˵֮һǸ߹˫Ǵž˵ķ֮
֣֮ÿһʶһǿۣõƿأһһʽĪʩչ
Ļȫͬ͡
ϵ̲֮ŵľȻһſµľѧԼȫеĻԼľѧȥı㲻ֻһһĪĸı䡣
Ҷ쿪Ĳѵ˵
Կ䣬İӡȭΪģ˵ܹеķŽϵָ۳İӡȭ»ΪԼľѧ֮һ
Ȼ˵ǿ󣬵ʵȴҲǿ˶١Ǹ߹ģ˫Ĵڣһȴƫƫѡһָͱ΢ۣгɱ͸౰΢ĲԵ޷ȥĽ۳ҵӵѪҲҪѰҴѪľѪֻҪȴһ֮ĵطˡ
֪иطǲġ
ͻȻĽе
֪
ҶԵЩˡ
Ĺأ㻹ǵǸĹ𣿡
Ҷüͷ΢΢һǸطĺܣȻ˵ֵĹʬǿеѹˣȴɷϵǣĻĺܲá
Ϊʲô
ҶЩֵ˵
װBĸԼ°ͣ
ΪϢȻ˵ĺǿңȱɿԸоģһǿҶϵֻ֮ҪõĻȫĿȥֵġ
Ҷĵ˵ͷжϣ൱Ͽɵġ
Ǿٴεȴһ£Ĺء
ҶȴһָоһΣԼջһСˡ


1097 ֮ҫ
󣬺ɫƬռ֮г֣׵ݺᣬ̬հ˵ħϿ˵Ǻôิӵı仯ȴһָġ
һƬɽҶüͷ΢΢ǵһ޴ĺɫɽ֮ϸһǿҵĲ
̶̵ʱѣŹȥգĻ㿪ʼ˵̬أ
ΪȻĵ˵ͷʱҶŰ˲ͼ֮иͷ˳Թĺèϵһשҡ̬
һ֪ʬȻǼ֮ĻҲôǿı仯ǺܿϧǹʬѾ׵ɢˣĻ֪ǲǿԴӶԷǽеһ˿ҵҪĶ
һҶ̲סĶһİۡ
Ѿ˵Ҫ֮±ǱˣʶѾĿʼԷԱһǿҵȺãҶǶʼɣѾϱ֮࣬ҪԼҪˡ
ϵ֣̲ž˵ѧؼǻԵѾͨһ㣬Щϵ֮ȴٵ˵Խγɵģ־ԵĲ򵥰
ֹ
ʱϷǴһֵǣƽıǽȻͬģһԵҶƺоһ㣬漴ĳ￴ȥ¶˹Źֵɫ˵
˵ʲôأ
˲ɢ漴Ŀʼԭ̬޹ľͰҶ˵
ʲô˵𣿡
ҶĿһۣ漴Ĳһ֪ˣԵĲǺ̬ôļ򵥣ҶԷѡ˭ãƫƫѡԼߣǿĹ󣬹Լʱʱĳֵﶼ˵ţһﲻһ㣬ҶûʱȥһһĬ֮Ȼ˦ٵǰ
׳հ׳գľ˵©졣
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ҶԴȻҲڴȴû뷨ϾڵѾǱϵˣ㻹˶еӣߵĿ϶Ҫֳһߵ͵ģ뼴СӱǸһҲаյģ̫ʮѪ˵ĻǸµĴǿӦһߵģСӵĵ·ȴѾ𽥵ĳ˴ﵽչ˹ȥʱ˵õĻΪеĹؼġ
˵ʱѾﵽʷΪ̬
ϵƸǱϡ
ȴѹƵĺܺãֻһԵĺèܹо
СССӳɳٶȻˣȴԶԶûĴﵽԤڵĳ̶ȣиоǹ᳹ʹ·ӡ
˵ʱèüͷ΢΢𡭡
˲ٴĳֳĬ
Ҷüͷ΢΢Ȼ֪һﵽ˵ЩʲôȴԵĸоһԼĻҲ˵С
ˣڵҪʵʱ뵽ʥ֮ҵζζһҵģģҲҪҵ㡣
Ҷı൱ࡣ
ɫĴɽ
ҶĽ֮һɿµϢʱͷų䣬һ޴ĺɫħһ㣬ϵ£ɢĲѹصһС
Ǻų֮䣬һ⿪ʼۼΪ漴ٴεռ䣬µľԪҶ嶼̲סĿʼſԼëף
ЩޱȵĻȻ˵־аϢѾˡ֮ҫϵĹǿԱȶԷĸӿֲЩа˺ң˵ҲϵĿʼɳ
Ҷ΢΢һǲżȥ۹ϵ֣ǿʼԼ塣
ﱾһаĵط۵аϢҶǰȻһֻԱ̬ڳ˵ǰȴһ׶أ֮ǿҪȥźķѴľҺܻܿ±롣
ҫĹ˸ϡ
־˵ʥϢ·ǻһʥһǿ
ĺɫаٵĳҶϽע˹ȥ
ʱʥĹԿʼǿҵĲҶѾΪһʥࡣ
ϵϷĲĹһصķģЩÿһǳǵĳ֮ҶɵٶȾȻٴεĴﵽһµļ¡
𾳵ڰ졭ȻﵽڻҪȥĥа֮ҵġ֮ҫϵĶȻʱҵġ֮ҫԳɳһĵزֱǹԣֱҫĹ
˫ĿƺǵȼһĻƽʥףҶʢһزطӣڶȻĶħһ㡣
һεջܴҵʵ뵽̫žڰΪһа֮ţЩǲģҵŰ˲ͼֻëƤǻҪĳɳȥĻֻüȥΪڵʱиоŰ˲ͼ϶򵥣ĳֹؼҪıȥ


1098 Ĺ֮

֮еڲϵĴԼﵽ˺һľ磬Ȼķתںϣ˵֮еǿߣÿһλҪ̵ġ
νʦţڸˣÿһλ޵ҪԼҪλϣŵϦӣ֮
һ򣬾ϼ
ǿ
Ҷڱ򣬲ϵ
ھһδεս֮ҶٴεĸоԼϵȱǿ֮
ǿģǿĳ̶ȣľ֮жеĻš
˵ĻǾԵ൱Ĵڡ
ǿҵ˫ģ㹻Լ彫䵱һ־˵ıУǿͽֵȥ˺һе谭
Щ˵ǿһſµܣҶľϬĳìֻнܺͳìĽһγɵĲǿ
Ϊǿ֮һƾʹҵԴﵽʮٱļӳЧǸʱĻȫĿԽɱСӡȭ˫ֻҪҽ۳һһʽĪǲΪߵ̬һϵģµǸʱ򣬸ӿԽԵУ
˼֮УҶϵġ֮ҫѾͷų⻪
ǳ˸ϢĹ⻪޾ʷʫҫ
ڵŰ˲ͼ޷ڳ˵ǰã۷ڸҵؼ֮УȻǿģȴվĲҵİӡȭĴ̼Ѫ˺ֺɻֻǹĲ֧ңȻȴȫõ⽣֮ڵȻ˳ǹֶҲֻǿȥκסѰĸ֡ڵҪȥһµľѧ
뵽Щ֮Ҷ𽥵Ŀʼ˼
֮ҫõѡ֮һ
ŲҶľ
֮ҫͷų
뵽֮ҶʱĿʼŭһ
Ŀھһ㣬пʼ
ЩھÿһֶǸ֮һζδ֮ġ
ҫ֣֮
屳ͻأĳֻƣ
ÿһֻƶ˺أ·һֻµ֩һ㣬ȴʥϢЩûģÿһεʹ޲˾˵ЧҲΪԭ˵ҶǿʼĻЩƱһ㹻Ŀ̼Ľһ˵峹׵ѹ
ҫ֣֮Ǳֵ֮ǿǧٱһʼʩչ㹻˺һУ
Ҷ΢΢һ漴ѸٵĿʼƿֻҫ֣֮ʱεĺɫľ
ռ֮иǳһĺڰѨǿռ䱻˺ѵ˼֮ĺڶ
ƽҵĶžѧžˮ֮֮Լְ֮ˣ˵ںҵһµĳ̶ϣľ֮֮ұҪõģڵĴƽһʼʩչаɱһλĵͼܡ
˼֮УҶ˫ĿҲ漴Ļûâ
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ٶȵĻҵٴεһ¥Ҫʱ䣬һβ̵ʱ䣬ʥսѾʼˣûʱȥڵĹؼѰҵĴڣҵƶõһֿµѪѪҺѪҺټȡ֮ҵһ۳ʱĻһһʽڷɣȫĿ˺һеĶ֡
뵽ʥҶ컹ûа취ȥӦģԷǿѾ׵ĴţҶҪŰ˲ͼǲаսɱкܴѶȵġ
ǽӽ㡣
һʱ䣬ֻҪǽ뵽֮֮ҵٴεͻƽ뵽һµĲΣǸʱȫĿӵа˵ʱȥͶԷԿģ
˵ʥҶûаȥͻ̶Կ
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ÿµһҸоһ˿˵ĲȻǿ󣬵ȴѾѹˣʱĻֻҪǳɳ㹻峹׵Ľ뵽һĳ̶ϡ
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һֻɫĳƬÿһ綼ǱһֻɣЩŭǲѹǶôľˣ
ҶͶ̲סĿʼſˣϴ޷ŵɫ޴Ļ
ϽĽȥĻܿͻᱻ˷ֵģ
Ľе
Ҷɫ΢΢һ䣬ʱڵķӦ˹漴ӰĻ˺ѵĻߡ
͡
ѸٵĽһɽĿѨ֮Уϵҫ֮˿˿ҫĿռ䡣
ʲôȻԲ˾˵Ļ󡭡
ĹأһֻĹأǻ֮ÿһƬ۱һɵģĴĹأҪȥȡ
ʬǻеı֮ǵǿ˫ĺôģһõõ
˭ᣬѹ˭
ģطΪʲôô֮

ǿ߷׷׵ĿʼŭڱߣԼȻûпط
˽ȥˡ
ҲϽĳȥ
ʱ˷ҶӰһţǾǼҪȥ˲䣬һ޴λȻٵŤ漴Ѩ֮С
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ѨٴεĹرֻһ϶֮д
壬ϲռ䱦ĵҩıԵĴﵽһ̬ĳ̶ˡ
ǰˡˡ
ɱȡ
˵˺ףϮΧһɽ壡
ǾǼҪŻ˲䣬һɾ˵ȴѸٵı·ǻɽǿеľ˳ȥ
ǡ
ǿػ
ģ֮Ȼ˵̬⵽˭ȥģĸ壿
ػĽޣһҪȥ
ǿ߿ʼĵŭ
̰֮Ѿ޷Ƶı˳ڶʼ̲סĳ嶯ˡ


1099 ɣ
Ҷڽ˲䣬о˲ԾڸոյĽһ˲䣬徹Ȼ޷Ƶıһɾ޴ץȡ˹ȥ˿Ļᶼľб㱻ǿеץˡ
ʲô
Ҷд󺧡

ҡ٣
ϵĹʥൽ˼£ҫ˸Ҷһһ㡣
䡭
ƺǸоҶķһɾ޴Ȼ˲ɢˣҶʩչһ̣ʱһִ޻ĸоָоƵѪ
գ
ݺݵһ֮Ҷ챳ٴſ
һж̫˵㣬ĲСģ׵زȥʩչĿռǿеչˡ
ʱ䲻˭棡
ռһе㹻ѹһеҶռչʱΧѹҲ漴ıǿеĽסˡ
ԭǿҵ˲ɢ
ʲôط
Ҷ̲סĵʵ
ǾʱһļµĿֲǵصϯҶһľ䣬Լͷ·Ǳһֻʷǰ޶һ㣬˵ѹȸУ˲ϵ˼¡
ռ֮չĳ̶ȡ
Ű˲ͼʱ̵׼ˣһκεԻڵһʱ佫չġ

һҶصĦɴ˲ˣ˵Ħ֮УҶ˫Ŀ˳ƵĿʼһط˹ȥ
һɫӰӷ·һֻĸҶԴ滺ĸ
֮ۡ
Ҷü΢΢һʱ֮۷·ǻ֮۰̬ٵϵıһ˵ââ֣˲ı㿴˶Էģ
׻Ĵ
ϴ޷ŵɫ


ֻ޴

ֻ޴Ҷ֮УĴǴǧ֮õĹϴ˵ȫƣ̬
Ȼ˵֮У½֮УһеһжѾΣ챦ޣĹ֮ﶼѾҶ񾭿ʼ׵ľ̫ʮѪĳ֣û˵𺳡
ǵֻ޴ǰ֮һеһȴ㹻һ־˵Ĳ
ҶĻĹ֮Уǹϵǵһ֮ϵޣƿһУһеΪϵޡ
ˣ
Ҷ֮ۿ൱ԷѾȫʧȥԼµֻǸݹϵ³ˢ֮ɵǿϣ
Ѿ뵽֮ÿһ缡һ
ɴݣ
Ҷ˫Ŀֻ֮϶֮·̼ıǿеѹסһ㣬徹Ȼ˲ԾľΡ
ϵһŤһֵӣǾôõʱ䣬սһ˾˵ĲȴԵʷǰġ
ﵽʲôΪʲô
Ҷʼɢ
ʱڵĺһֿ־ĸо
δ֪һп־ĿʼΪδ֪Կ־壬Ϊδ֪Ե㣡
ʱҶ뵽һ˿־̬֮վǿʼΪԭʼ̬
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ΪǿҲΪһһһ㿪ʼ
𡭡
ʰĲҶ̲סĿʼŭ
ըף쳹ʣԲ׵Ŀռ˲һĹ
ϵҲʼƲϣͲ̬չΪǿĽһŭ֮ѾҶһֵɾѧвŴϣ
Ҳڲϵĳ֡
־
ĸָǻʵһ㣬Ҷл۳֡
ҵ־ҵ־ǧ־ǿ󣡣
﷢ŭﰡ屻һ־̼ٴεıֱ쪵죬һɺǳ˷Ĳм
ѣܶҵ־ʲôǿĴڣΣ
֮಻ı
Ҷľһ̷ӵ˼£ϵڹһеչĵز
Сӣǲ򵥣ֻ̲֮һǿѪǸ̶ȵѪҲλˣȻԵֿס򵥰̶ֻȵλߣΪʲô䵽ѵ˵ǱѹĵСĳ̶𣿡
һ̫ʮѪ
ĳƺǵģ
ÿ
ͺè໥֯һ漴ɢ̫ʮѪ
źèȵ̬̫ʮѪ̲סһҪĳ嶯
˵ôһôǿ𣿶ٵҲһָ㰡ĻԺεܹɳεܹǴķӡ֮нȳ
ߡһΪо˴֮ѵģĪĺôǺܿȴҪٴε뵽˯ģУҪͼȥ˽⵽̫飬Ϊ⻹ʱڵʵ˵ĻȻҲǿ󣬵ȴҲ֣뵽ʥ֮ӻһġ
̫ʮѪ˵
ʥ򣿡
Ҷ˫Ŀ΢΢Ǵ̫ʮѪĿеõһ˼
˼ѵ˵ʥǡ
̫ʮѪ΢΢Цһ
Сӣ˾֮Ǹνĺڰ˵Ǹ£Ǹ֮Ϊˣüĳһֻǣ֮пһλߣ˼򵥣ʥô򵥣㲻Ҫһζ˺棬ʵ㣬ڵֻǿʼѣҪֻȥϳɳʥǿԼؾԵĳǿߣָͿԽɱҲס㡣
Ҷüͷһ
ȻһֹĸоƺԾԾԣƺڳڴ
Ȼ˵ĻҾ͸ӵڴȥʥˣʥǿǵжôǿأ
е˼֮УҶɣ
ߣӼĳ˯ȥˣ֮Ȼ񣬵ǿ¶˵ǿᣬŰ˲ͼһ磬һžԵҪİס
̫ʮѪѵõȥһ䣬漴ıʧټ
Ҷ˫Ŀ΢΢һпʼĳ˼
̫ʮѪ˵ƺڸҾǿΪļɵ֮ѵ˵иӵǿ󣿴֮۷֮ʲôһֶôǿֶΣ½֮ƺ˵ļ򵥹ϵһǺӦѾ뵽˴֮ˣȴɵıѹˣеʲô˭ѹ
һϢһĲ²ⲻϳ֣ҶΪƣҲʱһŹֵȴĴ˳


1100 
꣡
꣡
ʼ֣֮зǴŹĲ·˵Ĺ꣬⾲׵Ļ֮УҶҲĿʼһֽ䱸

΢΢һ㶣
һַĦĳֵ֮
׿ȥҶ쾪ȵķ֣ԭڵֻ֮Ȼʧˣ
ô޴֮ʧʱȻϢ
ҶһĲ漴֮ȥ
֮ɢ˫Ĺԣһеһ޲ǿʼǿеĶ
ҶѾָԼͨǧǧ۵ķٴεĳֻ֣ҪԸ⣬ȫĿԿ֮۵֮
ʱĻ
ռ֮һʩչ֮㹻öֳ׵ıƣʩչԼۣ֮ıԷ
ǡ
ҶɫͻȻĿ䣬ΪǰȻ֪ʱһͨ
ɫεĲ䣡
ôܣ
ɫҲʼ
èûзһè֮д޾Ľ䱸
Ȼһͨĳֳǵ󣬼ǶûиоԷγֵġ
ﴦ͸¶һֹ죬ﵽʲôط
Ҷ̲סĽе
ꡭ
ٴεĳ֣Ҹӵ
Ҷ΢΢һ
ղŵĸǴһĸоƺǡ׹ǣ
о֮Ҷ̲סĽе
һͨһ¥ݣһƬɫͬһħһ㣬ſصȴԼҶǸоԼϵĺëڸ
֮ҫҫ޵С߳
ﵭĺȵ
Ҷ˫Ŀâϣʱռ·ǱԡΪһԵһ㣬ĹϢ⻪ǰһбޱ
ž
񶯣˦ҶѾٵĳȥ
Сӻ᲻棿
һλֳһĳ¶˹ЦݣаųϵѪ˵
˷·һаа˲Ļ䱸
ߣ˵ȫʬ壬Щʬ֮в֮ǿߡ
˵ʵԽǿˣһεʥսһŹ⻪ġ
󣬼λʰʬϱ˷׷׵Ŀ˵
Щһ߰λÿһλ֮ǿߣǻ֮ǿߡ
ߡҵķݵʵȻǿĺܣҵʮһ磬˭һεʥս֮УҵʮһһΪǿġ
̰ĽһѪȥ֮Ϊݵ꣬ٴεĳΧȥ
ΧȻ֮ǿߣȴû˵ȥǰһ
ԴҶ뵽һƬ޾Ĺ֮󣬴ǿѾ˹ȴû뵽һԷΪ׵ļһȻǿеĳ֣˵־ͳ֣ɱ¾ϣ˿ûи˷ĻᣬҲ֮ģɱǿߡ
Щ֮ǿԭҪѹȴû뵽ⷽݵʵȻ˵˼£֮Уʮ֮ڱϵһλǿ֮۷ǿߡ
ⷽҲ֮ھΪ
һʱģԷĹǿҲ˵ۣȴûκεһ˵ȥǶԷˣһȺһĿѾһ˿ԶԿģڴӶԷ֮Уǵıƺǻһλǿĸ֡
ѵ˵Ǵǿ߲ɣ
һλ֮ǿվԶ̲סе
䡭
һɾ˵ϺݺݵسҶ̤ȥ·һŭ̧ԼĽųҶѹȥһ㡣
Ҷڽ뵽֮ģȴû˵ĵģﵭĺȵ

ϵӿͬһĳһ㣬ĳ̣
֮۴󿪣
͡
ƻ˳˫ĿѾסǰ
һֻİ׹ǣڰ׹ǵһڲһ͸ĴڣͬһֻӣǾ޴ȴ·һֻһ㡣
ԷһֻצҶץȥѾ˾˵ĲľͲһСļһ
ϣ
صڶԷ֮һɾ˵ȻӶԷϷ˳
ʲô
Ҷ̲סһ
ԼʩչǶ˶ʮƵǿԵĳһ˵󣬵ǰһﾹȻԷԼ֮ǿ߶޷ķԼ
̡
һ̶ļӶԷ˫Ŀɺɫ˫Ŀ̶ͬС˵۾һۿȥԲ˿ĺøеġ
ҴӶԷ۾֮Ҷǿһ˿ӺЦ
ߡ
һ漴Ҷٵ趯ȻһֻССĹˡ
͡
žžž
ͻأľʱһȴ˳
һϸβ;ȻӶԷѸٵɢֱӵİסҶ塣
β㹻Ｘʮ׵ĳ̶ȣһֱΧ˺ѿԷټ
̡
Ľ֮зǴŵ̬
β͵ǿ󣬼һ̫žǿ߻֮¼ǿ߶ܱǿе˺ѵģ滹˿˿ĵ̣һǿеԴľˣ
ҶȴѸٵ¶ɫ
ߣССĹҲҷ
ҫ֣֮
Ҷ
ʱȼճʥǲľ˲֮Уƿٵ˺ѡ
̡
β˲ϣҵʹҶεĻܣ˲ֻ֣衭
͡
Ӱ˸Ѫӿ˳
䡭
һѪһǽڣʱĲ֪Ǵ˽һ㣬һ޴رĻĴ


1101 
بţ˫ɣ£
裬⣬ǳ㿪ʼ
һʮ׸߶ȵʯȻҶǰ
ʯͨĿ˿쳣԰ɫ˽ǿ뵽洦ɼʯͷ
ǾһʯȴҶɫʼ仯
ǿᣡ
޵У
һʯµĴȴҲԵĲҶоȵģǶԷǿȴκεһ
ΪʯԼĳһд֡
ʥ֮£Ϊϣ
ɫԼǴһĽɫɫĹâת̬֮ͨ£һɿµϢһּȴһʯÿ쳣
˺ѵζʱ򳹵׵ɢ˳
ʡίԹޡƻ
꼴ǲҪȥѰңȴҲ㹻ĸоľ˲һһΪĲ
ЩΪԴľѪдģЩѪ˲֪ٵ£ȴɵĿάϵȥһʯʮףȴһֱƲ񷣬ĸоѪ˵ʵжٵǿ󰡡

Ҷû˵ȴ˿Ĳƽ
ʥ֮½ΪϣǺεȵĲģһ㹻ĿǰǶôԹޣʵҲԵûдﵽνʥ˵ĳ̶ȣʥˣʲôʥˣԷѪдֵǴڶ೤ʱ䣿ǿʵΪʲôȴ
е˼֮УҶĶ
΢΢һһʯ漴촷ۣһдֵλãҶȴ˿ûа취ҡԷּ֣һǿ޵ľ˶Էϵ־Ҷڽ뵽ּ֮ǰ㱻ǿеƿˡ
Ѫ̲ſµڿȴֵȥȡˣһܵԷķɣһ漴շˣѪҺ֮еԹޣȴҲҵͻġ
εҡҡͷ֮Ҷ漴ĸ̾һ
Ǿʱ˫ĿȴȻһ
ճƲĻһӦǶԷʱдģĴԼϱ㹻ĿһǿļһΪʲôȴûҵԷʬ壿˵ʬԲͳһ㣬ɢ˳׵ġ
˼֮Ҷ˫Ŀ漴ǰ濴ȥ
ʥ֮½Ϊϣѵ˵ԷǺһʱ𣿻˵Ҳ˶ֵĿ֮ˣ
̾һ˵
èĬĬ漴뿪
ӣүһҪ㣬Ҫ
èƮ
ʲô£
ô֣ȴô࣬´űү

׹ǣ
ɭȻ׹ǣ
Ҷǰܵĳ԰ټƵİ׹ǣ
Щ׹ǵ˸Ĺ治ϵ·ˮӣȥεȵˣâǳĵط϶Եø˵ģɭȻİ׹ȴˣǴһֹɭϢ
ǿ۳Ϊʵʣڰ׹ǵְĸֳһĻЩ߰Ŀ裬ŭ𣬻˰ƮݣŮˡ
Ǵʱ֮£ȴ޲űϢһĳţռ䣬µֻҶ쵭ĺ
ϣ
ָһʱһ⻯˳Ѹٵĳһ׹Ǵȥ

Žһ𶯡
ҶȻõĲǿ󣬵ȴҲЩ׹ǵ棬Ĳ˿Ĳ·һһĴſֲķ
ÿµĹﵽ˽հĳ̶ˡ
֮أ㲻˵֮𣿡
Ҷ˫Ŀ¶ЦЦɫ
Ϻǿ϶˵
֮϶֮ΪҿԸоõһִ֮ӿȻʼа˲٣ȴҲǻʵѪѪҲûз𣿡
Ҷһ㶣Ǻܿȴ¶һĨɵɫָȻָǰ
ƺһɣ
ͺèĳǸȥ
ֻЩ׹ǵĺ棬ѻɽΪĵطȴ˿˿ϼ⣬ϼ˸ֲϣ漴˳Ļİڶ
Ǵѵ˵֮Ǵɢģ
Ҳ̲סĽ
Ҷû˵ȴǰȥ
ʱȴ΢΢һ漴һ׹ǿȥ
һ̶С۾˿˿ľϲз·ɢŽɫĹâ
ôˣ
Ѿ飬ҶѾֹһμˣ국ֻҪǿ˸ȤĶһ¶ɫڰʬʱ򣬸ǿңȻһҵ˱
һ׹ǲ򵥣ƺᵽ˱Ϣء
Ҷɫ䣬ȴٵǰȥ
һ׹ҪСٵʬǡ
ӨӨɫâ֮ɢһ˿ۺζԷγ̬ƺǰ꣬Ҵ׹ǵϣƺǿԿĳһλŮԣһ¸ӵĿԿóһ㡣
ˡ
׹ǣҶﰵԵ˵
Է̬ԵĿԿĳѰİ׹ǲһǿ϶Ѿжϡ
ָڽӴ˶Էһ˲䣬ͻأ¾Ȼ촷ۣҲ֪µʲôһ촷֮󣬾Ȼ߲ɫĹâ

һ΢ʱЩ촷ۿٵĴ
ãЩĩ
ͻȻĽе
ϵıǼеĺܣҶȻ΢΢һ㶣ڿһǱ֮󣬶ʱҲӳ˹ƿٵʾҫ֣֮ҫֿ֮ɢԻʵʣγ̬
߲ɫĩǿеɵ֮С
ǵҶƽӴһŷĩ֮ȴݺݵһ䣬ΪһĪȻЩĩɢ˳
ϵĽһ㣬ӿ֮дһּʹС
ߡ
ʹҶüͷ̲סһ壬ݺݵĺһ
Ǿθιǰ֮ʹǿסġ
һִеķʽܵǿߣܶ඼ԸŹֵģ֮ǰ֪֮󣬱ѡԼĴзõ۵ĵطҲ֪һٻһԱĳִУ˵Ҳջ
Ц
Ҷû˵ֻüͷϵļⲻϳ鴤ϸǳ˵ɾʹĸоʵЩΣͬһѵϲϵĹζš
Щ߲ɫķĩҲɾʹĴƤë֮©ȥٶȳѰĿ졣
û뵽ﾹȻдһ죬ȻֻһεĻᣬȴ㹻ûźˣ
һ뺷ȻҶԺУ֮뺷Ҷ϶ʱһ


1102 ħ
ʲôʱˣֲһӺһֻǷĺèľǺèˡ
ٴεĳ֣һǴҶ֮дġ
Ȼöĳ͵ĸоǴ˵ôǸо˵ıŤأһɫƵĺèϱ㹻Ŀںܲˬ൱Ĳˬ
ӣүģ𣿱үֻǷһЩѣ㶮
Ƿĺèôΰĺè𣿻бүǷޣǺè
ĳѾĺ
͡
һâ˸ʱâһĨĻӰӰһ߲ɫ£촽ݣٲĸ£ʵһŮˡ
ڶԷ֮ȴ㹻Ҫ޴ĴӣʵЩˡ
˵˿¾ˣڿԷ㹻ﵽʮ׳̶ȵľ޴֮Ҷ졢èĿʼоһθʹǺݺݵس鴤
ôⴸӾôıŤأڵҲ˲ˣһĻΪʲôôı뺷ˣĴԼıϣԵĿĳһﲻǷࡣ
ҮСӻȻﲻһˣǼȻõ·Ǿˡ
Ҷİٴεһ󷭶ǳ鴤ĸ
ǰǡ
ǰȥõǰô𣿡
ŮӵĻӰ·һֻ˽дҰèһ㣬ݺݵرQ
סԼĶͷҶ췢ԼԴЩʹˣԼôôּأŵôͽһƷųء
ˣҵˣҲûжٵʱ䣬ǿǿľˡ
Է뺷Ľе
ʲôҪȥ𣿡
Ҷٴʵ
ȻܿģԷһ֡ð׳աһۣһ˵
ΪʲôҪôأѵ˵ʱѾдˣʱޣõĲҪг
ҶһеĺߣòƴӿʼڣֻѾǺԼгɡ
ҶһȴǴѡûкͶԷȥ硣
ѩᣬȻ϶û˵һҪסˣﱻ˳֮ΪŮħ
˲ʯ
Ůħˣʣ¶ٵʱ䡣
ҶСʵ
ˣСôҰˣҪɢˣˣǽɡ
˵ŮöѸٵĳҶ˹ȥ
䡭
˫ٶȼ죬Ҷ컹ûзӦԷѾصĻԼȴû˿˺ǻ˾Ҷϻ˹ȥ
Сӣ˭ֻҪǵõĴУǾͲҪֺţʥ֮½Ϊϣκκΰ˷绪֮ˣȻֻǴ˶ݵ꣬һȺϼһʬһʺ𣿡
Էѵõľһѣһ¶һ˿Ī˸У
İ꣬꣬ꡭվĲһѰ׹ǣʵͨ壬ˣȴҲվⲻ䣬죬㣬ʥ˵𣿡
һŭ֮УԷ建ı仯ģ
ǰ
Ҷ̲סһ
ž
ԷûĶҶԴһƣʱŮԵֻǻӰȴƾŻӰʵĴҶ壬һݵʵֲѾˡ
ûôϣСӣҴУҲӣпĺˣݺݵһ٣ȥһŮķˡ
һ˿Өˮع䣬һ̶ԷȻɢ
ҶƷɿһȴץסԷɢӰӣЩϸ΢Σ޷Ĳ׽һȴʵʰĳҶ֮С
Өˮһǿҵ˸У䣬Ҷ̲סЩ
ٵĻҶѾһˮȡ֮С
ѵ˵û𣿡
ҶﴫһĪ˸֮Ǹȴ˿˿Ŀɬ
ǿţȴվĻһ׹ǡ
ŮħʲôݣȻңǾҰһվǲġ
Ů˵ǿ̶ȼҶжϣĴֶСǿ̫ˣүǺܺ棬Ů˵Ǹʲôа
è̲סĿҶʵ
òƻû
Ҷʱĺ治ѵĿʼ
һ֮УԴеϢûа񾭸Ūѡ
ħ
߸˲ҶԴһ
̫뺷ˣ˱뺷ǻŮħ뺷̬ҶʱһĤݵĸо
Ǻܿıȴʼ
ĸԴǰЩдļ䡣
ǿ
ǿ
Ҷ춼òϣһſֲ˼µѧ
һŹǴģԼıС
ŹıһеĸԴȴΪҪı֤֮һ󴸺廨ĶԱȣǴռĵλǴ󴸵ƿȴԵı廨ǧ򱶣ҪĽԼıжͬʹֱ۰ףҪ̿СӣŬɣŬȥᱦɣһ
λԵĴһڴ
ҶȴѾ⡶ħٴεˣ׵ı𾪵ҵĳ̶ȡ
⡶ħǿڣֻҪԼԼı̥ǾͿʼȥעϰɣֻҪǽںЩϡŹֵȴ̲ԵıҲԴȥ
ŮħеӣÿһǧȥĻҶ²ƲԼıɽӡˡ
֪ŮεĴһšħġ
ǲò˵һţԵš
ӵĻϵĲϻǲٰѩǹʥаħķڰȨȵа񣬰˱ƵķһУȴǻûһԵı
Ҷ漴Ľ⡶ħ˵һ飬ͺèߵı˲Եһﱻ׵סˡ
Ůʮķӣҿڵʱ䲻ĻĿԳΪһλ˲õŮħ
ҶΪȻĵ˵ͷ
漴Ůħİ׹ȥһ֮УѾٵǰ
䡭


Ҷ̤뵽˰׹ǱĴ֮һɾ˵ѾޱȵĳҶϿʼϯ
λ֮зǳĿʼߣϵļ鴤ϣ϶̲ס¶һĨϲɫ
˵ԵĿҵ۳ģ
𡭡
һŭȴʱ˵ı
ţ


1103 
𣡣
ͷţ裡
磬Ĵڣ
ռ֮ͷţΧĿռ䶼ڷĵһγ֮壬ЩÿһöɢһϢ֮еĲ
ǿĿ죬ͨޱȣǼȡеһЩҶġ
֮Уϴŵ̬һγһľ硣
Ȼôǿ᣿֮εȵ񣿡
̲סĽе̲סĿʼǰһҵĹأÿһĹرͭƳΪһεĹľľĻƣÿһĻƶһͨҪǰ벽ܵԷǿҵĽ
ЩǿȻˣ־ȴԵĲȥȴǿеռˣ⵽ΪʲôΪʲôûзѵ˵Ǵ˵бϲԾ˵˲ɣ
ٴεĽе
ˣСӴʶʼΪֹоյĶȹһеȻ˵ܶľŰԵ䣬ȴǿеͻˣһֺεǿ̬һ϶˵ˣǸһѡǷǱѰ
èҲĳ˵
Ǹ߹Ĵڡ
ǵĸ߹ڹΪǿ޶˵ԼԱǿᡣ
ܵ˵ĴڣǾһȺŵһȺžƿص
֮֮壬޲ʼҶӿ˹ȥЩǱҶ켳ȡġ
ļȡΧҲʼһУЩгͣγĳ̶ȣֻڲӣԼʮ֮󣬲ֹͣѸٵ໥ں
֣ΪǿĹ֮һһƿأǽԼΪ̫ʱڵÿһһʽһֻҵİӡȭͿȫ̥ǣﵽһĵزϡ
˵˼֮УҶϱҲ𽥿ʼԾԾԡ
תֵתţҶʱĻ֮壬֮壬˫ˣ
ȭ
ﵭĺȵ
ʱһٵĴҶϼ˳ȥ
һĸһ֮ȴҲΧС
ɣ
ٴεɵ
֮ɵ֮û˵ʧ뵽֮Уʼ趯
䡭
ٴεĴһȭ

ȭȭӡ죡
ѵأ
죡

һװӡȭʼĴ˳ȥÿһεĳ֣ȭϵᱻ֣Ǿĳ̶ȴʼ˾޴ĸı䣬䣬һȭڳɳҳɳٶȾ˵ĺܡ
ˡ
һ֣ƺȴǿ֮УΪصĲ
Ⲩĳ֣·ʼпʼֳˣЩ·ÿһβţһ·ִ˼£·ֱ۰ĳ̶ȡ
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ֻ۵Ļǿģεܹ۳Ϊ֣һִһִĴڣչǿѹһ־޴ۣȴƺûͷ
ԴԴϵȭ˳Ҷİӡȭƺɱţÿһεĳ֣ȻƣȴԵĴһ־޴ı仯Ȼ仯Ҷо
Ѫ
ҶȻĳһɺ졣
ٵ֮Ť
һѪľѪ޵е
Ѫĳ֣Ҷǻ۷·̼䱻ˣķ̬ȥıһ֮ٵۣ۳ΪһŹŹֵĻ
һ˿ˣ
ﰵԵĸ̾
Ǿһ˿ȴҶޱȵľᣬһŵĲ࣬ȴоޱȵƣһȴû˿İ취·֮޷ȥֿס
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ﲻϵȥֹĸ֣ȴɵĸо֣ϵиڳۣȴɢʼ
һŹŹֵڻĶţ·ڳ鴤ȴɢ
֮ԽǿҶȻɢſ˫ۡ
Ȼ޷Ǿͽ뵽ȥɡ
˵䣬ѸٵһһѪҲ漴ɢΪϸ΢̬֩ΧסҶ塣
͡
ϵļʼѿٵһѪ
ɣ
èĽ
ѪǿԵĳҶľѪѰ壬֮еλߡ
ҶȻǿᵽ˼£ȴҲ޷ѪԿ
ǾҶѪ֮󣬿ռȴѸٵĲ
𡭡
޴Ĵ֮޴Ļĸֳ
Լ۲ϿҶ죬·ǿն֮ȴһ˿â
͡
ǣ
Ҷһ𣬲֪ΪʲôƺǸоһ·𻹴ǡ
ǣԣǣһҵȭεǿ󣬼ǴȥǧΣȴҲֻӲףûԣȱԾûǣһεĻûǣľûļεܹһһʽͶ֮
һ̣Ҷǻ۴Ź⻪
֡ԭˣִ̲꣬ع֮Уԭ˰
Ҷĺ
ϵ֮ѪͻȻı˳췺Ĺ⻪һִ޾Ĺ⻪
žžž
ϵļ⿪ʼĲľɢ޾ϣ֮ǲҪ²ϣϵ˿ڿٵȥ
Ȼû£
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ʱĿռ֮ϣ֮ϣ͸֮ĹأĹ⻪ʼıǿ̲ס˫Ŀ¶̰ɫ
Ǳ
⻪϶Ǳﰡ
ɱСӣһҪڶԷ֮׵߱
˵ĽҶǵѾΪһʵ΢ȥĶ
ݵ¶һ˿ĺ
Ľ磬ѾȲˣҪʮһ֮ǰķʮһõеı
еĳ˵Ѿʼ磬ݺݵس֮ĹѸٵȥ
Ҳͬһʱ֮Уһȴ֮Ĺ쳹˳
֣ʱɣҪȴʱ
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һε׵Ĺ


1104 Ĵ󱦲
ѹֲסĺˮһ㣬ٵ֮ζϡ
ʼķʽͷ˳
Ͷ㣬ĪҶٴν뵽һ˵ĵز
һöӵĹ׭֮ĸһö׭ȻֻȭͷС¸֮УȴŷǱѰĿֲ·һֻ޴һ㣬ÿһ·ɣݻΪ̬
ֵĽ壬۳Ϊһʥġӡǣ
ӵֵңڿԺ֮ǿ߶Կȫѹ֮ھ۷ǿߣҲһƵĽ˦˳ȥڵһšħϣֻҪžԵĲϣҾͿԲϵĴǱУʱҵٴεĶһУǹСȨСҲУҪһĻʲô̬
뵽˹̬ϵ⣬Ҷ쿪ʼþ
ε⡶ħֻܹ֮һ̬Ŵĳ̶ȣֻܹԽԽǿ󣬵̬ȴѵĸıġ
ްԣ
ͻȻֳҶԺ֮С
ٺٺ١˵˵Ļƺһѡ񰡡
ްԣҶΨһ뷨ˡ
һʮᣬǿԽܶܶĶֵġ
͡
ĲϿʼѸٵĸ˿С
ҶѾʼȲĿʼ
ԭҶ컹ôģ뷨ȴҲʼǿ쳣
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ۻӶ֮У濪ʼ¡һ֮Ĺľʼǿд򿪡
ĻѾȫ뵽Ҷ֮УΪеһ֣һǺĵĲλ޴󣬵Ȼ֪϶Ǿ˵ĺܣǵĿ֮Уﻹ˵̲סһĸо
ˡ
ҶЦ˵
漴Щ
λݺ棬ȴվУСϣλҴһעĻλٴεĳ֣ΪǿߣλҲ򵥣СӷֻҪһߵϣλʬȥֻһλְɣ
𡭡
ŭȻĴ֮дſ񱩵Ϣ鿪ʼ˹
ǿϢޱȵķ
ǣ
ǣĳտʼȥ
ȻЩ궼׷׵ıΪ֣뵽֮еѹͰȴ˿ûм٣ƺڵȴ˴ȥɱҶĻ֮Ƿˡ
ϣ
ǴЩǵǿӲ̶ȾԵĳ󣬼Ҷ춼ȥƣھˡħĴ֮ǵӲȺԳɳǧٱ
Ǹʱ򣬾ԵĿΪֲˡ
һħһ㣬ҶĳѸٵ趯
¶˿˿Ϣ˫ȴڷĽӡ
ɫĶ׹Сڤ䡢֮Сеһбﶼ޲Ҷ̼ǿӶ˹ȥ
䱦㹻ǿǣǴǿΪ֮ڵϱҶںһ
ħһŰԵ֮ķţƼ򵥣ֻǽ֮еһ־ߣȻע뵽УʵȴˣԭǽһԵԵ˼ޣ˼£ļ¡
ֻҪǱ޲ǿеֻܽҪԼҪģᱻǿеĴ
Ҷ˫Ŀ֮ɺ챬˸Ĺأ
֮ϣĹâ׵˸̼˲ϵյĹһδεĳ֣һαһǿǵиӵĿʼڴҶ쵽ǵõʲôܹն˵̬
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һâ˸ĳΪϬĹâ·ǴԽԪ⣬ռǳϵǰ֮У֮Ĺڵķϵı
ֵǷݡ
ŷݵʵΧǿ̲ס¶˾ɫ޷ŵĿǰΣһѷ쿪ʼ֮ǵͶʼŵϴ
ˡ
ȻĿԴƣ
һﵽʲôʵ֮ĹǿϢﵽһʵʣδƵģ
̫ˣУ
˵Ͳϵ˵ǵӵĻ÷ݵжʱӵĵ
ʵϰʵĲ֮ʵƿΧķģ֮ĹأȺ۳ΪʵʵһֶַΣǴǿҪƻҲǲܵģ֮ҶɵĲ࣬궼Ϊ֣㹻һλǿ߽Ƶġ
䱦䱦
ҶĽе
ֻǰһŰ״֣ǧ׳ľ޴ʵʵȻڲɢž˵Ĳȴ޷⵽ʲô壬ҶƵǣЩǵɾȻ޷ȫĴԼҪЧ
ҪĲֻǴ󣬸ᡣ
û˲ϣûĲϣ⽫ǻṦһġ
Ҷ̲סĽе
֪⡶ħҪıȻôࡣ
ȵȣϲЩصıؼǸﶼԱıӸᵽôûбأ
Ҷ֮۴Ĵ򿪣ʱ֮ϳֳʥϢ

ﵭĺ
һ֮УΧһѾǿеĸˡ

һصĿռ֮УҶ쿴еĲ
һصĿռ䣬ݺύĹ·Ҷ첻ȴҲԴ·ɢѹиоеľЧ
Ը
Ц˵
˵ģ໥Ħʱһع˳ƿʼɢ
˵Ĳ֮УĹݻΪΪĺۼ漴ɵĺۼһĹ
ǹ㹻Ӧˡ
ﵭĺȵʱվ¶һĨĪЦ⡣
䡭
ڵһĿֲ֮УһصĿռ䱻ȫĶơ
ĹǱݿ˺ѡ
䡭
ϼ©䱦ɢĿֲâ
деϢųһϢ
Ҷ֮ȴ·Ǹûȥ⣬Ҷ˵Ƭռ֮С
䱦䱦ӵҩѧĸ죬һеһ޲̲С
Ǻؽʯǵ֮²Żһöĵزع񡭡
ﲻϵǵҶڴڼʳ״̬µǿеӶһе֮ĶʼѪ
ɶ񰡣ʵǿɶ񰡣Ǳﰡﰡ
ҶǲȥעЩ
ʷʫĵҩȻгǧöʥ񼶵ĵҩö֮࣬Щȫǲ֪ĵҩģҵĵ㹻ɵ۷Ĳˡ
Ҷ˷ܵĺ


1105 ͻڼ
˷Ѱʮ˷Ѱ
﷢Ĳҽ̬ͬŰԼ
Ҷȴ⣬նĵطҪﵽľǲϵǿֻǿ֮ʱŻӾ޴ǿʱ֮һжԱµĻ֣ǸʱҪκεĶȫԵõ
ҵĵǳǧЩ˲٣ı仯һѾ˵ע⣬Щһǿ϶ıŶԸңɱҶϵһУЩҩֱŵĺ°
Ҷ˷ܵ˵
漴·γһ޴ĺڶһ㣬ٵĽΧһпʼ
ĵҩѾγΪǿı֤

ĵҩɢ߲ɫâĵҩǿеӶɢΪҶ岹Ʒеһ֣ҶΧγһ޴ĺڶһ㣬ϵӶᣬϵӶᣬγһС
Щÿһε޲ǽҩе۵Ҷ֮УٴεĿʼҶתʼΪĺ
Щҩ̫ˣʷʫĵҩҿɣЩͼĵҩȴԺܻܿõõգ
Ű˲ͼչʱĵͼҩ·ΰı˽ȥЩҩܶ࣬ҶٶȺǾˣȴҲĺķһӵʱϣ㹻Ŀĳⵤҩﵽһô˵ĵز
ʥ񼶵ĵҩʥ񼶵ĵҩһö㹻ıʥԳʷʫҩǧٱЧ
ǽɫ֮зɫâĵҩҶЦ
ЩҩÿһöȭͷСɢŵĹâ·ǳһǿңͬҪǿռ˺ѵһ㣬ǱҶƿأȴҲĲ·뿪Ϣ֮ʱĶƿշһ㡣
ߣССĵҩ˵ķ
ҶЦ
˵䣬öʥ񼶵ĵҩѾǿеȥ
ȴͺèߵı˲Ĵȥ
۾ùԶ·޷ŰĿҶ졣
㡭ȥ
е
鴤Եһûл̬
ҡö
èǼ
ôˣ
ҶЩãȻĽе
һ̣ɫȴ
Ϊǵҩڽ֮Ժһɿµ·Ҫذڲ˳
ۡ
һѪǿе˳
㰡Щҩҩͳ
Ľе
һôܣҩڼ뵽ڣô˵ͷųͷų
ǿʥ񼶵ĵҩˣһö㹻ıǧöʷʫĵҩЧö𣿡
Ѿ̲סŭ
ߡҲһ£
Ҷ¶ɫ
漴Ѿ۳Ϊһɽľ޴¶ڴɫ
ҪȫȥҵıУҪӵľ޴ֻҪǽ֮ҵЩҲͿˡ
˵䣬Ҷ첻Щʥ񼶵ĵҩöͿԲȫĵĵöĳ̶ȾԵĳκεһҪȫǲܵġ
ڲÿһļ⣬ÿһѪҺÿһëǿеĴΪǿĳ̶ȣڵҶ쳤Ǻëܱһ񽣡
㹻Ŀɽʯ
ЩҩЧ̫ǿˡ
Ҷ忪ʼѪǱǿǳѪĺۼ
𡭡
һҶϣһöȭͷСĹ׭Ȼı˵
ֿʼ
һֿԽĲʱڸоΧޱȾʱĿʼ
ɰɣȻɵҩҲĵġ
Ҷ˲佫öĵҩΪע뵽֮Уһִпʼи
ʼɣ
ĺ
Ͽµĺܣĳ棬ҲˣﻹЩռ²ҵģȻ£ȴҲ˸
е඼ͨ飬εܹҶ˷ĽԼˣ趯˾
һ޴ĳǻգֱӵĳҶն˹ȥ
ߡ
һ
ɺ쳣Ʋܵץȥ
ǷĳĵâһɽԱն飬ҶƽӴ֮ѸٵնҶһ˿ȴ޷ƿҶڲ
Ҷڵǿĵط
ѹ
һŭҶ
ʱѾΪǿĹ֮һ֣һһСͶ֮зǴ֮һǿ
ŭ֮УӵѹװѹЧһɽұɽӵǿᣬҶŭ𣬶ʱһ񵶱ǿеѹ
͡
һ޴Сɽʱ̰Ĳһڻһ񵶣Ȼɷȴܿɢˡ
ˡ
һɽһǿҵϸγһƬطġ
ڲ·𣿡
Ҷıʱһܣ˷ܵĽе
·ĳִġħĴѾ뵽Ϊؼʱ̡
Ҫǻ񰡣ҿ꺱Ļ˰Ƴ
ĽҶȴЩȻҲۣ⡶ħȴһص㣬ǸĲԽԽ࣬ǲȻԽǿģڵҶ켴ۣȴҲԵĲġ
Щ·ÿһ̲ſֲתԼġħԽԶ·ķҲʵԵЩ
Ҷ첻ϵԼеʱԵĲܹһ˿ķɡ
㹻ƿµ˼£ϸӵľˣҶڵгʥ񼶵ҩݻȻ˿ĲȥС
һζε·Щ·źȻ˺ѡ١ʥࡢ¡
в
һ־˵Ĳʼγɣڿʼߵ
һѲǴһɽ
è̲סĽе
Ȼû˵ȴҲǻɣһɽǧ׵ĳ̶ȣ˵ĻҲ̫뺷˵ɡ
ǾҶȴĺȵ
գ
žžž
ʼ쳹һ֮УһɽȻһۿɼٶȿʼ
ĹâĴӡʥġ
þ˵Ϣ
о޴ɽϵϢͺèĽе
Ҷרע˼£һͿԴԼˣһްһ쳹µģͻأľʱȴȴһµļ¶
ǰɣʱ򡭡Ҫͻˣ
Ҷ̲סĺ
¡¡
濪ʼһŭ𴫵˳
ģҴ򿪰ɣ
˴ˡ


1106 
Ҷ΢΢һû뵽ķȻˣʱŰ˲ͼѾıﳹ׵İԲˣκεһ˶ò˿ı
ҶڷǱȽעԼͻơ
ħĴѾ뵽һֻҪƬ̱ԳɹˣڵȴҪͻƣǷŭвϵĴܶʱĶԱ
ˣ⡶ħȻ˵Ŀ£
ҶͻȻ˹
ǻŮħ֮˵ǿ󣬳ӵһ޴µı֮⣬ҪšħһĴڣڴԼıʱڲϵĸ
Ϊӵ飬һʼ˺嫵Ḷ́ȻĲǿЧ˵˼¡
ҶȻûпȥ۲죬ȴѾڲ֪Ŀʼеı仯ڵ˾˵ЧҲʱ򣬽һٴεĴˡ
Ȼһ㣬ҶԵĿȴɵĿ¡
ھħ֮Ѿ˼£ʱھѾڿʼı䣬˵ڲȥ̵ɱĻɵĽǱڵľ˲Լ壬ɴը
ģȻʱͻƵļ󡣡
Ҷ̲סĽе
Ǳһ϶ӵԸӣ˶ѡĽȥͻƣһȴǲԸͻơ
֪ˣȥӢΰ
ڵľ˵ѾﵽһµĲΣ̫žڰѾʼи˳ĻΪһ֮ǿߣʱǸΪʥļһԿĻҲ˿ĲСġ
˵
Ҷٴε̧ͷһۣ˷Եķ籩ʼıϵƻΧһУͼ谭ͨͨĴơݻ١ѹ
ҶȴһȻʧȥ֮άϵ֮òǰǿᣬĻȴһάϵµĵطմȾ֮ϵһлڲһĪɱ䣬ɱ뵽˹УЩɽʯľǿűϵЩҪͻƵĻҪһʱġ
뵽Щ֮Ҷٴε̧Դ֮Ѿγ׳̶ȵľ޴¶һĨЦ⣺
Ȼ˵ĻҾͿʼ˫°ɣ
˵䣬Ҷ첻Լǽ
ϵҲڴ
·ʱһ̷ǳЩ·ΪʥķģŮɢ̬ʼǿеķɢ۵Ҷһ档
ֲϵĿʼ漴޾ԪһöĹַ·һֻһ㣬̰Ĳ׽ΧһɵٶȲ棬һηҲʼø
֮ʼɢҶϡ
ñ˵һֱӵһöֲʩչԼʱ򣬴ﵽʩչĳ̶ȣ֮иӵĿԻΪһ̬Լ֮гھֻһֵλǿĳ֮ΪޣʵȴҲֻͽһ˿Ѫѣҵ֮ĸʹģ֮Ϊģ˵֪Ļ˵ûһ鷳ء
˼ûҶֹͣ
ٶȻǲϵĳǿԽԽ֮ʼݻΪһηģɢΪİΧҶߡ
èϴż;ȵɫ
㴿岨ѾĳˣȵǣҶƺǺϢǢ
ٴεĶҶʼ˺ĸо
䡭
ɣҶȴȥڵץʱ䣬ץÿһ˿ʱʥ񼶵ĵҩȻҶӻת˺ܴһֽһ޴֮УǼµļٵĲȴҲ㹻Ҷһʱˡ
֮УԪҶɣȻٴεĺÿһֶſµ
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ڲڳ鴤ÿһĹ̲סķһ춯ص
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׵ŵػڷ·֮һɲǵʱΧһжΪ˴ֻ
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ҶȻһΧһоȻٵɢ
ͷϵɽʯ˲ʧӰ١
á
Ҷĺȵ漴ٵĽѾ̵ǧ׳˻ȥ
Ű˲ͼ֮УڲϵĴ
ȴŵԼ֮ϣڵѾ˽ҪĹͷ֮дŵѾ֪ˡ
䡭
һξ޴ٴεĳ֣֮ϣһ޴ʼĸֳ
궼һεĽѣΪʲô
ǿ߿ʼĽ
ʱΧѾۼλǿߣ̫ž֮Уǻϴ޾ɬ򲨶Ǵǿ߲ŻֵĲȻҶһξٶѾǿߵעˡ
ѵ˵Ҫ뵽֮Ϊɣ
Ǹصļһһ϶Ǵ֮Ĺصõ䱦ģһͻƣһΪ֮Ϊᳬ̫ˡ
ߣ˵ĵףΪô֮ǿ߻ɶԷȥ߳ݺȥһˡ
ļһﰡò׽뵽֮Ϊȴƫƫѵĳ֣ҼǶȹȥˣΣôǿߣȥֿġ
˵Ҷ΢΢һ
֮ǿȻ˵ڴﵽʱҪصĴһҪһĳͽ䣬ϾΪȴֻЩ˲õŻ֣ЩڶǶűرǿޣҵʺѾصĲˡ
ȻˣҶȴɵԾԾԣ˵ĻԼĲҪȥΧǿˣֻҪȥӦ֮еˡ
һ뵽Լأκεһ˶ĽĿ꣬ʱĻǿȥɱԼᱻɱҵġ
¡¡
һ쳹
ʱһε׵ȻĴɢűɫĹ֮гؼף׵ݺᣬһֻȻĳһ޴ĺɫɽץȥҶڵĵط
ģ뿪
׵֮󣬲ٵǿǶʱ͹ϵϷ˻
¡¡
޴׵绯һֻ׵֣֮ε׵ƿأգ۵ʱѣѾסһɽ
һɽԭ㱻ƻĵ˼£׵ĳ֣ΧĻȻ޷谭̼ıѹ˺ѳΪ촷ۣһ׵ָ֮׵ƿطҶλá


1107 ׵
ÿµֶΰȻ
С鷳ˣǿֶΣ㹻˲䣬˵׵磬˵ܲסĻ˲仯촷۵ġ
ǲãǿȥ߱ʡ鷳
ǿҶȻ׵شɽ֮һ˲֮һεٵĳ׵ֳ֮ȥ
ٶȴȫļŭ׵磬ԷѸٵƻӶһ׵֮ٴεĳ֡
׵֮׵ģԾϣ·ȼյĻһ㣬ɫĹâ˰ա
һεȻѾʧȥ˴󲿷ֵ֮ȴҲķڶԷĳ֣ߵʱһ
¡¡
һˣǿռ䱻ݻ֮ĲҶȴ֪һĲӦǰ׵磬Ƚȱ̫֮ҲķΣ޷
Ȼһ֮󣬶ʱʼɢ˲ɢ
ǽ˫׵緢һҰްĺ֮ٵĳҶ˹ȥ
ߡ
ﵭһҶ첻ܣֱӵ֮С
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ŶԷ˵ѹҶ¶˿˿ɷ
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1108 ۣ
Ȩȣ
Ѱ˵ǾǴߣȨƣ׵У޾ǿƻƻ
׵еȨȣ׵֮ۼ֮γɵľ̲ƻͷ
ǵ׵ۼÿһž˵ĲԺյĲ֮㹻Ķһе谭
еȨȣʱ׵羹Ȼпʼۼһ𣬻˾˵׽̴˲񷡣
Ȩȵƿ֮УԷȨΪ񽣣˳ƵĿʼݺȥ
ĿꡪҶ죡
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1109 ֲϢ
׵ۣ
ĹʱΪֲʥ֮һ֮еĴ컯ӵԡۡΪν㹻ĿĳеǿᣬаŻۡۡˮۡۡľ۵ȵȣе飬ǻĵλǺ׵ۣۣۡȻ˵ǲеʵȴԵĲЩеĵС
ΪԵڱȻĸǿἸ֡
׵Թűǲ֮УǱıӵĿ񱩣׵۵ǿҲ˱øҡ
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һıɫۣۣ˿˿Ĺ·Щ··ǵһչֳڱһ޴һһ档
˳һչҲ漴Ŀʼ뵽˶Է֮ϣ߰ԴѾԵ
بŵĴڣϵĵλǿµĳ֣
˶Էĳ֣ȻҲͱʾһݣһµǿߡ
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׵۵ľ֮һһʩչԱͨǿߵľѧأԲǴ˵
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һ׳ϣϵƷıŷ
׵۵Ѿа֮ŴΪΪϵġԪڲϳɳʥ񼶵ĵҩЧȫš
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1111 ʮһʥ
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ʮεƣʮӳ֣֮ΪںһĻʥΣҵӵǱ֣һһʽһ֮һ˭˵ֹҡһεʥսڲŸոյĿʼ
һ˿â֮УҶڿǷݵʱ򣬿ʼøӿ¡
һʼҶоһԼϴݵ־ɱ⣬һ˿û棬һ쳣ĸоȻ֪ԷΪʲôԼ˵ķߺޣҶȴϲ鷳鷳ҪԼĻֻ֮ǰͽ鷳ˡ
ˡ뿪
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ǿҲҶǿ֮ǿڽ֮󣬾һʱģڣҶϸһ㣬ǿͺһλսһľˡ
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1112 ǿᣡ
ףǿգ䣬ԲķΧһŭȿʼòѣƾէ׹⣬һƬѹ
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͡
˵֮Уһ裬ԭӦǳʥϢȴðԵ쳣ڻãڷչֳԼ
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ԭҶİԴɵȴû뵽Ȼãȴ֪Ҷڽ˵ӵóȭ
ӡȭȻĳ֣һȭһȭ

վʮһʥһλȻŭһ漴̤ǰ쪵죬һȭӶ糯Ҷ쿪ʼ
ҵȭ֮дһƺ嫣ռѺͲ

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1113 ն
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ŭ֮ʱĿռ֮вޱȣһ˸ⷽԲ׵ķΧ֮УһĽ⿪ʼС
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1114 ʬ
ն
ַ·˿ռӡһ㣬ѸٵĿʼڿռ֮γĿӡ
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Ҷ弱ٵȥһâȴѾٵǰ֣ٶȷɿĿʼγɴݲǳ̬ĽʼŤγһޡ
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ҵһͷҪ㾹ȻҺҷնͷţ
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ҶȻʶԷϢʬϢɶĺܡ
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Ҷ쵱Ź˶Էһ󣬵Ӧûɱ˶Է
Ȼ˵Ҷ첻֪ʬΪʲôҪʮһʥһԼǰðűɱΣ߶ԷҶȴԸоп϶Լ֪ڡ

ٴεĳ֣˲նǼǿǡ
漴һ˺գЦźȵ
ʬ㵱ΪԼܵõ𣿡
ʬǴʲôʮһʥɣµĻ̫ˣԷһʮţͨʬһ飬ҶҲеĹؼ
𵴣漴ǿе˺ѳһ޴Ŀӡ
͡
嶯ٵС
ҫ֮ѾմȾ˶Է壬еһ˿ٵ뵽ڣҶ˫ֻҪҶܹ룬ԿٵѰҵԷһصĺǣҶ춼յԷټ
ȻǰҶ֮Գôʱġ

Ҷ뿪Ӱλǿ̲סĳһ
Щ˸ղΧɢЩǿߵĶԿѹѹƣӵΪҶİԵӵ˼¡
ڵʧˡ
һλ֮ǿ߲Լϵĺˮ˵
֮ǿߣˮ֣ȴֺˮþôµŻ
ȴûκεһ˳ЦΪҶһ޲ηС
ͬʱвⱲӲҶԿͷ
ҶȴԵĲ֪ԼһսȻ˵Ч
Ҷʧϣһ޴˿ڻĻָҹʮаԵ¶˾ģ
죬Ҳġ


1115 
ʽ
һɳϢʼŷ
ڿռ䣬γ˿˿ɫӿ֮УĻϢϯأ
Ҷ˫Ŀɺ죬ǰӰڷ׷
ǰһӰڷӴܣǱӴ֮УÿһĻӰʼģ쳣ÿһʱ䶼֡
ԵĶԷٶǿ
ʬٶȵҺȽ𣿡
ҶЦźȵ
徹Ȼյһ١
͡
ǿҵĦʼ֮з̶ӵǿҡ
Ҷ˫Ŀ絶˲񷣬
׷ᣡ
ʬʱѾΧ˺ѳΪһģ̬ԼıȴɿԿĵһԹ˫Ŀ֮вϵɢž˵Ĺâ
ֻâ֮Уȴ޾ĵӲ
ʱڵģںڣڷ
ԭΪƻǲ˿ģϾҶʵȻǿᣬʬԼѡʱ䣬ԼڶԷΪʱ֣ȻıԽһи㶨Ҷֵ˲䣬ʩչ˼µʱ̣ʱֻҪԵĿƣԵõʮһʥ
ڸ࣬ʬǵʮһʥʵǴΪֻҪǵõ壬ʬаռȡԷϵǿʱʡԵԼǧĿޡ
ǿһĽ뵽Ϊ
ȴû뵽Ҷ쾹ȻѰҵԼоֲֿĲʬڵĿʼˡ
뻢ıƤΨһĸоǸоԼܿС
õ֮ĹصıأѵͲ¸鷳𣿴˵һƬĹ֮пǴ޴ıأϹѧʥ񼶵ĵҩԼϵ˵Ķ׷ᣬѲǴɱڲɣ
ʬĺ
Ŀ
ԷƺƵĴأԲǧ¶Լо໡
һ˵ŭȻǴնġ
Ҷ˫Ŀ˿˿ɱıŷ߲˲Ŀʼ
͡
ʮ֮ʼ趯ٴεļӳһ
ߣ̲߱ž˵ȻоǵϢȻȻѡ˼ӳ֡
ʱҶٶȻʼøӾ
͡
նɱ
ϣ֮ʵʣ˲סʬͷ­
µɱγʵһ㣬ʬһɵӣʱҲԲҶɱѾˡ
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վĻǿ־Уʱ̲סķ˰
ûνĲ£ʬһλǿߣɱ¾ǧǵٵ֮ȴɷΪԭʼİ
͡
һſݵͷ­赽˰֮УҶû˿ԥֱӳ֡
ٴθԷ˿Ļġ
֮д޷ŵͷ­Ҷָᵯʱһǰ֮еͷ­ȫĴƬ
ŹԷ˿Ļᣬһȫȥ֮ҶҲ˶ԷҪʮһʥԵʡ
ߣĵ찡
Цһ֮Ҷ쵭˵
漴Ӱ΢΢һ䵽˵ϵʮһʥ
ʱʮһʥѾһϢˡ
ڵĴϢţȻǿΪܵҶ֮ĽƵļӳЧȫܵĴˣʱûа취ȥʱߣȻָһȴ޷ҶԿ
Ȼ֪˭ɱңҵļǲܷŹģõҲ֪ӣҲ֪ϢǾʹ뿪ôˣҿϵù
ʮһʥ̲סķԼĿǸ̬߰ȴһĽš
𣿡
Ҷ첻ÿɷ˵
ǺܿЦһ
Ȼ㶼֪ҵӣļҪѰҵĻҲúķѺܴģҵʱҺܿܳΪʥӣʥǿǸ֮ʮǿߵı־ʥӵݣǵļ弴Ҫ鷳ĻҲҪһ¡
оҶ˿˿ɱ⣬ʮһʥɫʱһĲ԰ף²ⲻҶӣʵʰɱȴзһ
㵽ʲôˣ
顭
һ޴ĽɫƴԽţ˲
ҫ֣֮
ʩչˣ
ŶԷ𽥵Ŀʼպϵ˫ĿҶ쿪ʼЦϡ
㲻Ҫ֪Щġ
ɣʱһɺ嫵ӶԷ֮ƵҶ֮У˲佫飬Ȼȥ
̲ؾ޴ҶеõˣķŲϿʼתҶѾ뵽һ˵µĳ̶ȡ
˲ɵ˶Էһм䡣
Ȼһļǿ󣬶һﱻΪصʥ¼ˡ
΢΢һʱһâٵĻ˶Է·Ȼʬ棬һģĲ³УһֲȻΪϲȱԵʶʼģޱȣȴԿĵ
͡
һĲͻȻʮһʥϼ˳ݻΪΪǿҵҫ۹ԡ
ҶʵѾǿᵽ˼£ȴҲ̲ס΢˫ĿâĿȥҲ죬˲ĴҶһţٵɢˡ
һʥΪ־ľ޴֮УһŻװϸϸĴɨ
ϷڷһǧöƣвһִӨӨâһǴ˿˿ơ
ž
һͻȻ쳹
ӿʼֻǵĿһۣƣÿһöһλĵӵÿһʱ䣬ģ֮µİźá
Ǿ̧ͷ˲䣬һöӵˡ
ʮʮһˡˣ
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ͬһʱ䣬Ҷ˫Ŀȴ¶һ˿˼Ĺâ
ղŵָоƺǽҵϢء
ⲻһ£ҶȻ˵Ĳ⣬˵ı˷ԼٵĻɲһµġ
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ԷΪһţԲʩչ㶾ļƻġ
ˣֻҪҲϵͻԼʵǾԲκģڵңǾϵǿߣˣҿѡ֮ġ
΢΢˼֮УҶѾʼԼʱľһ顣
͡
˵âȻҶ˫ĿĦž˵Ĳ˲ƿʮ׵Ŀռ䣬γ˵ʼӿ
ݡ
۵糸ٶȿʼӭһӰȻҶǰһλ֮꣬д˿˿İԵְԵҶʶ˲١
ÿһλھ˳õ֮вγɵģ֮Իͳ˵İԵԭֻһʵ
ǿ𣿡
ҶаԵ˼һ
ߣɫװǸ˵СӰɣ
ӵ˵
˭
Ҷ˫Ŀ΢΢
һǲˣ


1116 նɱ
һǲˣ
ʥܱߵĿռ䶼ڷޱߵĲⲨĿʼʩչ֮УΧһнǿʼγһĪ̬
΢΢ԴΪ껺һɫ˫ĿĳҶ쿴˹ȥѹȻһЧҶ쵥ֻվȴɵĿԸоޱߵϢڳԼıŷ
𣿡
ﲻÿɷ˵
ڶԷȻ֪ǶһԵҶȴԲ²˾Ųʮ
ҵҲҪ֪ղǺƵ쳹ĳһ֪ļһҵ㣬ȴ뱻ɱˡ
ǵȻһ΢һ㣬ȴû˿ı飬ֽƽȴԼĴһԸĲ
ϵõһУôˣȻˣΪ˱һǻϵһΪģֻǲɱѣ𣿡
·ѾڸҶĪĶһ㣬ƽ˼¡
𣿡
ҶһЦ
ͻȻĴʮһʥļ֮ҵԼҪһμ䣬ʱҪҵûǼˡ
͡
һس֡
ĪѹʱԷһ谭׵ĳ顣
ƻ裬޴İԭʼǿϢ
𡭡
裡
һ֮УһֳĻҶ쳤趯ʼⳤĻ裬ҶϵҲԽǿչ˳
Ľݺ۳ң·֮һڻ壬ҶΪ޴һ
ÿһεŤ壬ΧĿռ˺
ôĵӣ
û뵽Ҷ쾹Ȼ˵ʹȫûиԼһᣬǶԷ̬֮дһ˭ƣһƣһĪƣǶ衣

ĺȵ
ȻҶǳ׳ľ޽΢ľǰ֮˵ʵһոս֮СһˣʵǴǾΪԷǿ㹻ָһﳹ׵˺ѵ
ȴû뵽һﾹȻ
ŭһָ֮΢һСɫС
ߣһ糤һǿǾ޴չֻҰ˵Ϊʶһǿħħ裡
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Ѫ߰ߣдĻӰС
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׳գҴСףޱĳѹˣϲ˴̨档
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޽Ӵħ˲䣬ǳ׳ľ޴Ȼһɾ˵ĽͽŰĽǾ˵ѹͷĲⶫɫסĿ䡣
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룡
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һӳ֣γħǿᣬ·ʼչħɢɹ⻪ŬĵֿҶĽǿȥ
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һεٴʩչ
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ʮӳֵķһеޡ
ϵİɫ졣
һ˫Ŀصɺʱٴεĳ֡
͡
ϵֵ֮Ŀγһ·ģÿһķľʹһһ־Եʱγ֮󣬻һһ㣬ٵİΧȥ
͡
޴ʱٴδħϡ
ۡ
һѪʼ
ħķ˪ʱǳΪ˺ȴҲûܹ˿µѹ˲ĲϣǶӲûħôǿӲһɴӳ֮£ϵļ鴤ѣһѪ֮˫Ŀ޷ŵĹâź浹ȥ

ҶЦ
ǿİʱҶںѾԽÿһεĻӶҶǸоԼԴԴϵΪĽ
֮ϣ·һٵŤ·ǻһ㣬֮ǿ
ߵΧԲʮ׵ķΧ׵ı޴
ɳʯ֮УĹ˲仯˷ĩƬľʯγ޵촷ۡ
ħ󣡡
һ޴ĻŶĵ˿ʼγɣһȫγɫԵĻӱ𶫻ԭĻҪģܶ࣬ϢȴǿĶࡣ
ĳ֣ԷһֻűâѾصѹҶİϡ
ȥ
һӶﱬʱѾ׵ˡ
ž޴ħĳ֣ƽڽһȫʢʱڣǱȫʢʱڸӿ¡
顭
ҫ֣֮
Ҷƻɫһץȥ
ʱƷ·µָɽȻ˿ûкµӭȥ
͡
𡭡
ַĪѹڲϣ֮˺֮͡ҫĹ֮ںһŹҫɣȴӵĶ˽֮ķ
顭
˫ҶĶöʼ
Ҷ쾹Ȼһֻ˺ԼΪĻ
ۡ
޴֮£˲ɢѪ֮УħϵĶٴˡ
ʱҶƿصİȴɵնȥ
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ϣ
ϣ
ػӳ֣ʮӶÿһεĻӶҶǿ֣ʱѾƵļӳִﵽ˶ʮ˶εĳ̶ȡ
һ
ʮŶơ
һ˫絶и˿ռ䣬˺ޣ棬öԭĽ֮ı׵ķˡ
޷ŵĵţһ޷ĸо
еħԽԽأԵѹԽԽˡ
һղסĸо
ħ
ĺȵ
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ʮļӳ˲Ҷ磬һնȥ·֮һĻ谵Ǳĸо
ƺƵ֮£ڵҶİͶԷ׵ײһ
꣡
һ֮Уڶ޷ŵҶĳѾ׵ıħ˿ûϰٴεû塭
͡
һâ˸ĹԳ׵ɢҲ漴Ĵⶫ˫Ŀ֮ɢ˳ȥ
һץס˶Է֮Ҷȴĺȵ
Сӡߣ
Ӱۣ˸һ޴֮ٵݺݵسһȥ


1117 ׷ɱǿ
䡭
֮
Ҷ졶Ԫ֮ǿֶΣֶξԵ죬ǲͬκεһ֮׵໥ϵһɫĳ绮ա
֮УѾݺݵط˱ը
ֻһƬ֮У˲濪ʼ漴Ϊһεء
Ҷ׵֮һƬٵֳΪ޵Ĵڣ׵к·һƬ׵һ㡣
ӰѾпٵһǱ̬Ӵܡ
ϣ
ųһ棬ֻ֮ѾԻ
һ֮зϯȥ
˫Ŀ֮бǰδеĹâɱҶ첻˿ĳɣȻٵĽЩ˵նɱ֮ˡ
ȺǶսʱ򣬶¶˲̬ȻԼϵõرҶȻҪȥ飬ΪԼĹɱΪԼǿµĻԷһӵϵĽԼѹסˡ
ʱҶ첻Ļ¶ԷԼ
͡
һѸٵľһλǿߵӰǺ嫵Ĳֻ֮ǿ߲ŻӵУҶ̫žΪ֮նɱ֮ǿߣοĻڵĳ̶ȣϯǿĽ˲˺˶Է壬û˿ѹȼ˶Էһ
쵰̫ˣ
̲סĿʼ
漴Ŀʼ
һȺ˴Լʮλ֮Ǿǿ߶С
ʱҶɱǱʱ䣬»˾סޡ
һλ֮ǿߵҺʹǿ߽аˡ
ⲻʲô
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ĶֿٵĴһ˪ﰵԵĺȵ
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һɫ׻գȻĳһλǿߵǰ
Ҷľ޷ģѧϰԭȻ㲻ǿģҶʵϵĿʼ֮˪֮׵ȴҲʼǿޱȡ
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ԷΪһλǿߣȻҲǿֶΣڱ˲䣬ǿеĿʼ
һȥһƻӶϾ
һ˳Ƶɣһڵ£չ֮Уռ䶼ƺҪǿеѹ

֮Ȼڽ֮УƻȻǿ󣬵ȴԵø΢
Ľ֮УҲ漴ĿʼΧļλùļһ˺ѳΪѪƬ
Ѫϵķ裬ߵʱﵽ۷ײ
Ťɢ޾ĹԺҫļɢȥ
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ǿĺȵ
֮һſµľѧһλĸǿߣԷһλͨľǿߣȻıҶʱı˪֮Ҫ֮ܶ࣬Ѹٵ»¿ʼγ֮Уһֻǧ׳ľ֣Ȼ˪֮˺ѳķ϶
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Ҷﵭĺȵ
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ʱİ쵽ʮ׵ĳ̶ȣһȥµĵʱʼѿѲϣݲή촷ۣ
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͡
ݺᣬǾǿ߸ոյƿ˱˪֮ףȴû뵽ӭľȻһǵĽ
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ȴû뵽ֻգ۵ʱ䣬ǿѾˣо־˵ɷǵ̲סĿʼ
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˴ĺ
˲˲˵ͬѸٵĳֿӴܡ
Ҷʵǿµ˼£ǿҶԵûп׷Ѱеˣ˵Ҷ˻Լ档
ߺߡ
һ˿ĮЦݣҶĳ趯ʱ徹ȻѳӰ

ڵҶȻԷֳķڶԸЩ˵Ѿ㹻ˣҷֿԽ࣬˵һĪġ
֮²˺ҲС
ߵĵ
ߵҶѸٵĻЦ
һǿһ˳ȥоĳһ˵һϤϢϢĲǿ
ϢԵǸо²ĲĻӦþǸһˡ
ҶﰵԵЦ
ǰ㣬Ѹٵ׷˹ȥ
߲ʮ趯һе谭֮ǰεѾ߶Χһпʼȥ
ԼԼ׷һϵĳȥȴɵûڸס׷٣ˮһ˾롣
ǿת֮УҶ֮ۿٵſһʥ֮УĿٵһĸߴϡ
ϵϢͬһľˣֺԨ纣ֲֿǿ
һ˵ʵҲΪǿģȻֻ˶ѣΪ΢ȴҲ֮۷ǿߣԷϵϢһɬһ嫣һֻ̤뵽˴Ϊı֡
ȻһֻһűԳΪϵĴΪˡ
͡
֮еתһìʼγɣ˾޴ı̬
˫ĿȻϸ΢һ϶̬еĺâȴ˽һ貣ǳҫ
˻
߳һľЧʼˡ
ȻףҶ쿴ȴߡ
ಡ
ķʼϯأѵĿռϣ˲֮УѾǿе˺һе谭
λ̤뵽ǿߣֻǸоԼΧһ˺֮ѪʢǾޱš
ҡ
˵ûȫһץסߵһλǾһǿߣе

ǴǿˣԷץסԼ
λµɷǼֱһħԼʵȻʱǿᣬһǰǸƨ
һ߿ɶļһ֮󣬶ԷٴεǰС
͡
һĨɺէ֣Ƕӳ˱Ĳλǿߵ׵ıˡ
͡
ƻһ㣬ֱ˺˶ԷĲӣһѳ֮УȻȥ
һǿߡ
ʱһˣʣˣˣҶȴҴ⣬ΪһλоϤ꣬ĲڶǸӵǿᡭ

һλǿߴĺȵ
漴һƳҶ˦˹ȥ⿴Ƽ򵥵ĶȴԵ޾Ǭеɱ͸ӵĳ̶ȾԵĲκεһؼ
Ҷȴѿһ˿Ц
ԿẦ
Ƿ񶨵ģ


1118 ˫
ۡ
һѪȾһƬĵ棬ҶֱӴ̴˶Էƣ˳ŤתĲӣԷ˲Ŀʼ飬ȡԷ꣬ޱȵɡ
ϵĽսû˵ĺ¹˭
ˣ˲λ
ǰѾҶˡ
ҶǻһЦȻĿʼԼ߲
ʮ֮Чǿᵽ£˳֮УȻͻ˲谭ԼĿߡ
һֻɫչֳռ֮ϵļӳ֣һе谭Ρ
սսս
Ҷս⿪ʼ
ʱ·һ֪ƣսһ㣬ֲչֵ쾡¡
ߡ
͡
һߴʱҶ쾪㵵鿪ʼˣֻԭӴܵ߾ȻȻĵת
ϿʼҵĦֻ۾âĳҶ쿴˹ȥ
ʱſվһγˡһ͡
еһλǽԼΧƵڵÿһ׳Ҷǰ
Ȼ㡭
Ҷ쿴ŶԷ¶һĨаϢ
ӿʼѾоĪϤٴεĲ鿴֮ڵĿʼ뵽˶Էݡ
ʥǲ£һ·׷ɱԼȻһԭǴӰԼǶսʱ򣬴̵ȴû뵽Լʵô࣬е޷սʤ˴뿪
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֮û뵽ʵȻﵽ˵ĵزĳʵȻ˲٣õĴǿߣȴԲȥԿģǾ仰˵㽻ԼõģôˣĻһڵġ
ԷϴһֹŹֵš
Ҷüͷ΢΢𣬰ճ˵ĻһԵĲµ飬һȴҲԲ٣ҶʵЩĺܡ
ԷǴӺζġ
Ȼһ֮С׷Ѱôʱ䡣
һλǿҲǴһŭ⣬һ裬֮ľô࣬ԼȴԷ˵ĶԴ׷ɱԼͷ·׷ɱһֻҰ̬ǺεȵǱ
һȻĲˬ˼¡
͡
΢΢һԷȻչһ޴Ŀ׼Ҷ죡
Ǿ޴ĳﵽ׵ĳȣһĻƽɫĹâ·Ǳƽһ㣬һĿռȻȥ漴ʼγ˸ɺԵ̬
ǿҶ춼оеǿĺܣٶȳӵ·ͷӦһű
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ԷȻҶĶ֣ѧȴԵø档
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˿΢ϴŸ߰ɫ˫ֱ漴ʼҶѹ


1125 ɱ
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һֿµ㹻ĺƽƽڳɳ֮УԴ־˵ЧԵĿκεһ־ġ
ԭԼѪΪ֮Ķûκεһ˵˷ĶԴԼ
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һ˫ĿſµĹâ漴һţһ̵ʱ֮УǳҶ壬ȴ˾춯صĲ
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͡
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Ҷȴ˿ûо¶ԷЦһ֮󣬿ٵ̤ǰ
ɣ֮ʵղҪǿܶ࣬ʵȫǶԷĶ֡ҪӲӣ
»ߵ̲סе
ҶȴÿɷЦһ·һŹһ㣬˶Ⱦһ㵭Ľɫ⻪˫ȭӶεŶԷ˫ȭȫ
ȭȭӡ죡
ӡȭȻĳ֣
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ˮǴߣҶڵʵѾ뵽֮ľ磬ʱĶʮκԭĶʮǽȻͬ
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̬˫ȭûȫĺҶ˫ȭԿѾ˲䴥֮УʱȭȻ
ѵأ
ҶٴεĻȭٴε趯һȭ˴أȴ˶Էһȭֱӵգǲضʼ

͡
һ֣׵ı˳ŵӿЮݺݵ
û˿Ծȵ㣡
Ҷ޾ᣬغ
͡
ѪȻĴӰ֮й


1126 ñ
𾪣
׵ˣ
飡
ʬ建ĵ˵ϣȴûһ˵
лʻе»ߣ޲һ޷ŵɫҶ죬ͷ·վǰĲһˣһһ㡣
³ǵԤϺѾǼ򵥵Խɱˣӵһǿ֡
֮ǿȻǿ󣬵ڴǿߵǰ㲻ʲôǰĳȴ̲סһֻĸо
ˡ
֮ϵĹ⻪ϵĿʼɢ󲻶ϵķĺҶһȭ׵ĴıԴԷľĴɢһ̣ԷҲﵽʷΪСĳ̶ϡ
ҶʵĿ֮ҶʵĲȼϵѾ𽥵ĿʼӳԽǿĳ̶ȡ
֮޼᲻ݣҶ쾭Ĵĥ֮ŲЧҶĵȼߣҲڲϵ
޼᲻ݣһֺεϬ̼Ķྭ
𣿡
Ҷٴε˵
ڵϲϳ鴤ޱ顣
»ߵаԵޱȣǵΪǿһˣǶԷ֮󣬿ٻӳֵԼϣӶԼʵϵطǣʱĻЩ˼ֶǶԷĶֵġ
ǾڸղţڸղţҶһ֮ޣȴԷ׵ѹסˡ
ֹϣǿ󣬲ѾҶǵγһּصζ
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һǿҵĸо
Сӡ㾹Ȼ˵Ĵҡֵܣ»ߣǻڵȴʲô˵СҪˮԴʯĻʲôܹԷѹס
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һȷʵҶĶ֣εĽ֮Уȫѹ
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лʵﵭ˵
һİԵ㿴൱ˬȻʱѡְԷ
ңɲɵӣҶʵεȵľˣ򲻹ԷҶÿһȭǸоԼڷĲ
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ֻ÷ųһݻ֮ѡ뿪
ߡҪԺ𣿡
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͡
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޴ӡȥڶԷ㵵֮УҶһֻƽɫ˲ץסԴ˲˺ѡ
ڶԷǾֵûȫɢ˲䣬Ȼ˺Դ
ʱѾܵشӲҶĶ֣˲䱻ŤԼĲӣҶһȻվеĹâ΢΢˸Էһ㱻Ҷǿеȥ
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Ҷﵭ˵ȴڰԵĽ䱸Ҳһϵļ壬еĸֲԼĹϼѾˣʱСĵĺá
˼֮䣬˫ĿѾֵܿ˹ȥ
»Ȼ֪ԷΪʲôԼȴһָо»ǲԼģֵȴһ
ƺǿҶ˫Ŀ֮бľâߵжʱһ
ǵʵ㲻Ķ֣ڵҶնɱˣԷʵǸӵǿ󣬸οҶıһλʵĹźԣһʵǲǵġ
ǾԵ²˵ȥġ
߼æĽԼ̬˵˳̬ںҶ졣
ǺǡҵļѾˣȻĲ¶ȥһ壬ֻڱ֪˷ѡ
Ҷı൱ĵȻ
⻰ֵ֮ܲûѣȥ
ҶĻ˵ɱĹϼĵѾˡ
뵽Щ֮ߵѾԵĽղŵ鳹׵õ˶С
лĳˡ
Ҷ»¶һƵЦ˵
ԷȻɲ֪ΪʲôҪάԼҶȴǺܸмԷġ
»ߵĺܣĻ棬һĨ˵ĺΣ
Ҫôġ
⽿ӣʵ˺󵽣һŮӣҺŸɡ
΢΢һ֮ҶٴεĽԼĿע⵽ǰһ޴Ŀյϡ
ŸصķģЩ֣ļĻ˺ȥֵһӡĵط
ˣʧȥĻķӡ޷⿪ġ
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Ҷ΢΢İ֣
޷ҿʩչģһһӡΪʥһŲľѧȴҲ㲻ǿ֮Щһʱ䡣
һֵܺ»ߵ̲סĳ鴤һ¡
ʥĹϴУ˸޷ӴģҶ⻰֮У򵥵ľͷ·ǳԷˮɣҶȴԵĲܸǣԼɱ˵꣬ҿǵļԼںϵġ
Ϣ֪ĻΪ⡶Ҳ׷ɱԼġ
˫ֿٵʩչֻ֣һֻǡǧʥ
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Ҷ΢΢һѸٵĽ֮ҫʹ
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һŤϣһʥĽɫӰĳҶı
ҶѸٵߣȻоԼġ֮ҫǡǧʥһ޼ϵߵĹȫںһ
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ʥķͻȻ˸ԦһֲŻŻӡһ޵е̬
ǾʱҶҫ֮ȴ˽ӲӵĹ⻪ͬһֻһ㣬˺Ѳ񷣬˾㵵֮У˲Ľǰһ˲˺ѵ
һŻǿе飬ӡΪԴ

һöɢӨӨ⻪ʯĳ˵ǰ


1127 
򡭡ֵӡ
ֵ̲ܵסĿʼ
ǵͷ̲סĿʼᡣ
»ߵС̲סſӻľͿһż۵΢΢ĶǿɰǷʱ䣬ԵĿԵ
⵹Ϊ̫ľȣȫΪҶ㾪˶ʵ̫Ŀ˵㡣
ǵӡǹϵһַӡҪǿеͻƵĻٷ֮ʮŵĻὫڲӡı˺Ѵġ
ҪͻһŻӵĲ򵥣ҪߵſԣҶȴǿе飬һֺεȵ
ҶҲǾȣ⡶ǧʥʩչ˲䣬Լġ֮ҫѾʼеȥתˣߵԾıһ𣬶ҫֵ֮ʩչҲڹʹ֮£ڴȥ˲䣬ҶѾʼˡ
ȴû뵽ҫֵ֮Ȼﵽǿĳ̶ȡ
𵥴á֮ҫ̬⡶ǧʥ֮͡ҫںҪǿʮֹ
һֿµɱ䣡
ҶվԺ֮еھϵػصķţЩűΪؼͺĵĲλǣҶŻڶݵʱеĸڵҶıǽȫںһ
̺Ѹ٣ֻת˲֮ѡ
ܿҶҶӨӨĽɫ⻪ѾƿգѸٵĳӿȥ
Ǿ˵㹻Ŀصİһ㣬ʶʼɨڸоľ֮ȴĵ˹ȥ
ҿҶҲ֪ԼǺεǿڶݵɢ֮ҲٵջԼɢĹâ
˫Ŀ֮УȴԼĴ˿˿Ľɫ档
ԵĻ治١
ǰҶȴֵԼ»ߵǰΪһ顣
Էǿؼֱǳ˳˵󣬼Ҳ֮ӣ֮ŮȴҲûм˱̬ļһǶڻɣǰһֻ֮Ϊ
ȫǲܵ鰡ǿߣȴҲһġ
û⼸˵ľ㵱飬Ҷ˫ĿٴεĽԼĿ׼ǰһöӨӨâʯ
ԷֻȭͷСȥһöͨʯͷڶԷ棬Ҷȴоһֿµӿ
һʢ˼µ׵ıԽɢȥҶڽ뵽֮󣬶ԸоԼ걻ǿеıסһ㣬Ҷ˳֮ȴٴεĸоԼ֮һ˿ĳ
ֻԵĽӴѣڿԱǰ̬Ҷжеӵڴˡ
һöˮԴʯҪˡ
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ҶĻֵܺ»߶ȥ˵ʲôȻԴģȴҲΪ
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ľ֮ĸֵĳ֣Ѿߵɫݺݵһ䣬̲סĿҶһۣеı𺳡
ľ֮ļֵκһ˵еǿԵıˮԴʯҪʵһЩϾǿһ˶һ۳˶ôµжԻָ
λû˿ɣȡĻӦÿԲǵġ
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ӹһöľ֮裬Ѿĵ˼¡
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Ȼ˵ĻǾʹ˸ˣ֮ˣǸʲôҪģһöӡѰǣϾ֮Ҳܹ˵ϻˡ
еۻĴóһԲεӽҶ˵
ҶûоܾҪѣ֮УҪѡ
絽֮û˿ѣǰһĵĽύԼԼ˵һѡ
Ҷӹе֮еۺлʵ϶ʱ¶һĨĵɫҶ뷨ҲԼ뷨Ҷʵǿ󣬶ء
ֻ֮ΪȴѾԴﵽ˵ĵزˣ죬ǿһλ޵еǿԽύĻԼļ˵ԵĲʲô˵ġ
ߵ̴ö죬Ǿ˸֮Ҷȴ֣»ȴûѡ뿪վ
»ߣ㻹ʲô𣿡
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ҶŮߵĺҲȴҲ̲סڶԷѲһۣĳ˵
ȻϻۣȻ²⵽ҵݡ
źԵ΢΢һϵľʼ߶ȻʼԼ˼£ٵıڡ
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ʱĻԵĲִݻȻ˵ǰˣҲЩĶȴӵ֪Ů˵˺Ҳܴ
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»ƺǿ˹źԵĶϴһĨԹ˵
˵ɣҪʲô
Ҷ쵭˵
֮Ĺ֮һΪ»ߵУкܶľѧҪʩչʮ֮ǰ⡶ĹȻʧˣĵλҲ½
Ҷüͷ΢΢һ漴Ű˲ͼ֮пʼѰ
ܿһɫɵ鼮ǰһڵ鼮Ȼ֪ʲôɵģȴԸо
ǾҶҪó˲䣬Ҷȴ΢΢һΪǸо⡶֮УһڲϵĶš
⡶Ȼһ˿ռϵĲѵ˵Ϳռ֮йϵɣ
뵽Щ֮Ҷٵʶɨ˶ԷһۣеصԼԺ֮С
ùȻǿҵǳ֮
ҶתһȦ֮󣬾Ȼ֣⡶ĹԼġħǾתٶȴﵽһµĲΡ
ǳ֮ҶĶȥСԷķ̶ȺͿԵĲ򵥣ǳ֮Ҳ㹻Ϳռ֮ȵΪԿ֮һΪȱ˹ϵ⡶ħǾѾ𽥵Ŀʼʧȥԭķâ
ȷʵСҲԸ㡭
΢΢˼һ֮Ҷ컺˵
лˡ
»ߵı϶ʱ¶˿ĵЦݡ
Ҷȴ̲ס¶һ˿Ļߣ
һ


1128 ɽ
Ӱ񱼣˸ľϵĿʼͷų˿µ˺
ǹźϵĲȻûȫȥ˺ѲͷŵĸовĵĺܣǵߵҶ졣
ͥŲĶƮƮɰ̬̲סһơ
ˡ
̲סĶҶѯ
ںɣ
ҶĶûͣЪﵭ˵
ǵģ˵Ը񣬲̰֮ΪʲôȴҪѡͶԷأ
Ҷ΢΢İ˰˵
ǡҵİܴ󣬵еġԵǲȫģȴԸо»ϴһֵĲֲԵǶԷһֵĹɵģȴҲǲ˵ҪõҪõһ֡
ף
»߰ԼҲֻǶԷѰԼİѣ˵Ҷ첻ҪȥȵĸжҶԷǲ֣ҶҲӦˣˣҶ첻ҪͶԷʲôԹ
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ˡ
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ˡ
źԵ΢΢һ
˵ʥĻ˵ûΪ㣬ʱһݾߣҴһˣصĽɽ֮Уʥսǲֹǿĺĵӵģ֧ĵǣʵεεĿֲȴҲûܹ뵽Ϊ˵һεʥս϶ǲġ
Ҷ϶˵
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Ҷĵͷ漴ĿŶԷ뿪Ӱ΢΢һһɫĳ漴ĻԼϡ
һ׳浽ǻĻƣһ㲻ǷƷҲҶΪ֮顣
˵ĺʥԿˣҶҲѡͶԷսģѾ𽥵һ뷨һ뷨
˦ҶѸٵĻһ磬һ
Ϣȫޣ֮ϣ·һֻɫķһ㣬׾ٵӹ谭һɽ֮С
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֮΢΢չʱΧĴʼҶȫĶ
Ϊ˿ߣΧȻγ˵Ľ磬һ֮󣬱ᱻѸٵĶ쵽ʥֶιȻĲ򵥡
ڿһ·֮Ҷ̲ס˵
ѰĽ磬ҶԲ˵ģʥĽȴȻĲֻͬɽ֮⣬һ޴ĻڷߣϵԼĻ沨
Ļ˸ῴģҲֻҶ֮۵˲ſĶ쵽
ֻҪǴ˽磬˵ѽеˣЩҲǳأ»ڵһʱѹ˵ġ
΢΢һʱҶָ浯һɫĹ⻪
ǡħǾĽȻҶеǳ֮ʼһµĲΣϵɱ֮ҶҲʼ𽥵ĽԼǳ֮ʼʩչ
͡
಻һޱߵâ漴˺ſռ俪ʼߡ
䡭
һ΢𶯳֣Ǿһɫâûͻƽ˲䣬һֻֻʱķ˳޷ŭٵĳһâȥ

һɽ緢
飡
ɫâûа취ȥֿ㱻ǿеճΪ
Ҷ΢΢һ
ȻôľͿԷˣһȥͻƵһ㣡
Ҷ֮۹۲ĺһʮһ㣬Լȴ޷ͻƵһᱻֵġ
ݡ
ƿ֮ʼ֡
ʱҶ֮УӰѾʼ˹
ˣҶģǶʥ¡
Ϊ׵һλǴﵽ֮ΪΪǲˡ
˵ĽôͻȻı
еһ̲ס˵
˲Сĵľɡ
Ϊ׵ӻ˵
ˣߣ˵Ľһ˿ȥ󵽵ģݼŵĽӴȴҲöԷġ
һ˵
һ¹شѾ˵ˣֻҪǳɹĻǶͣȫȥΧȥѲһ¡
Ϊ׵Ӷһ˷Ը
ǡ
˵ʵСĺܣֻ֮۷ĲΣȻΥ˵˵Ѿٵĳȥ
Ҷ˫Ŀâ˸֣Էڳֵһ˲䣬ڶԷϲһִںϵĲǺΧĽȫںϵ̬ԵģڶԷϴһֿڸϢı


1129 Ϯ
һ࣬ϴ˿˿ĺ䣬Ҷ˶ںغ϶Ϊһһѵʯͷһֲķ۳һ㣬Ǽž̬ȥ˿־壬ȴûκεһ˿Է
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Ҷļ֮Уѧ෴Ǻܹܶ࣬漰˺ĵĶȴ٣Ҷôļ֮Уܶļ䶼Щĵӵ䡣
ҪҵһΪΪ۷ѧһ¡
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̲޾ľص㣬ֻҪҶҪȥȥ׵ȥںһ𣬻еһӡ
˵ĻҶȻҲȥھݵ֮ȴˣԼϣÿһļÿһϸڷ̰˱ԼȥеĲ
еİ
ںһĹһȫµ棬ԭĸ֮Ҷһµغ档
һλ֮۷ǿȻ˵ǲԸȴȥ׵Υ֮˵ķԸѸٵĴտʼ߳˽磬ȴûз֣ߣѾЦг
͡
һƿ֮֡
һĽɫѸٵİԴϡ
꣡
֮УʱΧʼȻһɬռ䶼̲סĿʼ
˲֮УԴȻǿе˺ѳΪ˷顣
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ֻգ۵ʱ֮Уһλ֮ǿȻǿе˺ˡ
䣡
׵䣡
Ҷ΢΢һʱĽ˶Էߣһץסһһ꣬ϴŵЦ
Ҫ뿪𣿡
ڿҶ֮󣬶Է겻һҶӣȻĺܣǸʥӿ֮ˣûеõҶϢ
ȴԷһεĳֿ϶бġ
˵һοԽϢʥĻǶ˵һô鰡
һ̣ʶȴ˲ʧ
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΢΢ЦһҶĳۻӶڶԷϲźۼɨһ¡
һ֮УҶת뿪˲䣬ԷȴѾ˲ʧˡ
ȵĻ̼ѾԷ峹׵Ĵ촷ۡ
ٴε֮Ҷû˿ı顣
ѸٵĹ۲ΧһУȻʥԼĽ൱ţ˲δ
Ҷͳһĵ˲䣬ΧĽ˲Ĵ߿ʼ˳
ٴε֮ҶԵĲˣΧıѾʼøӶ
¶ȣԭҪֹǿʮĳ̶ȡ
΢΢һ֮Ҷٵû뵽֮С
ʱʱ򣬸ӲʱڶԷǰҶȻԼʵǿһ̶ȣȴҲ֪Լʥ֮仹һĲֻ࣬ҪԼһղΪûнԷ׻ɱĳ̶ȣҲҪﵽ֮ΪŻա
Ȼ֪ʥʵѾﵽ˴ǾΪʵҶȴӵĲ²ĳԷֶξԵĲֻ˵ĳ̶ȡ
΢΢һ֮УٵĳǰȥһֿµֱʥӦѾҵԼҪĶĻΧԪᷢ˵ĸıġ
ϢԵĿһλ֮ͨޱסģ̫žǿߣεǿ󣬳ſµ챦Ļ·һ
뵽Щ֮ҶȻҴ⣬ܹʥõԼҪģûԷǵõˣʵɻܶģʱĻԼѹǻһߣԼһ޷ɱ̡
̲ĻԼվһĲҶĺȻӴĻ̵ʱ䲻ȴ̫˽Ů˵ģԷĿºͺݶԵı˶Ҫ¡
ֻҪǶԷԼҪıǽԼɱˣĻ˯˯ȵġ
ɿǰ֮УҶ·һһ㣬ٶѸ͵ĺܡ
͡
һɿµĺȻʱ򱬷˳ɺĳ֣ʱΧԪһķڡ
ɺղоԪҪٱǧҶһʱ䶼оԼľҪˡ
һ֮ȻıһҫĹԡ
˪
֮ǴſµǶԷ㺮Ӳڻ¡
˻
һͻȻҶĶС
ȻһҶѸٵĳԼһ൹˹ȥ
˸ǻһ翪ʼ񱩵ӿƥ
͡
飡
ȻҶ뿪˲䣬һֲĽȴ·һըһ㣬ѸٵĽΧը
Ҷ˫Ŀ΢΢
漴ĳǰ濴ȥֻһλźɫװϱɫָΧסӰǰ
һ˫Ŀǿҵһʬһ㣬û˿ϢڶԷϣҶȴԸоԷϢȻأȴԵĲ˿ԳĲ
ϵɱȻϵڸסҶ˫Ŀȴ˿µââ֮УĲԣԷֿ϶û棬ûҶҲߵôǱ
ԷһҪԼ׵ɱҶ첻Ҫ˿ġ
Էݶȥѯʣ˲֡
ҫ֣֮
¡¡
䣬һֻֻƣħצһ㣬ʱϴŽɫʥ⻪һɫǳ
ҫ֣֮һҶ콫ǡ֮ҫԼϵǳ֮׵ںһ֮󣬲Чƾ˵˼¡
͡
ԷһĶ̽ѸٵĻķǣŷǵʩչΧضڻĿʼ
ֻת˲ʱ̶ѣҶҫ֮Ѿ˳һ㣬Ϊ˲٣ҫ֮Ϊǧʥ֮͡ҫĽϣǿᣬȻһεĳ֣֮еһ谭һɫƵĻӶٶȷɿǰ˲Χס˶Է塣
û
ǿеû
µرˮӵĿ£һʼγвȻǿ󵽵ġ
֮
һŭȴӶԷﴫ
ʱ˾˵Ŀ̬Ŀʼ˸Ĺ⻪
һƿأħ裬һ޴Ӱӿʼݻ̽ϣϣڲϣ


1130 ɱ
ˡ
ռ΢΢ķһ֮һȴ·Ҫ̲س˵Ĳһ㣬ħصаЦ裬ΧһȫİΧ
䣬һʷĻһ̽ɱǿ֮ݻĻ
еľ˻ȴŲҵϢϯ

һ·̼׳Ĺ⻪˸Ϊ˿ֲĴɽһ㣬Ȼıȥ
Ȼֲڴɽѹ֮£ȴ˲ȥ
Ҷ˫Ŀ΢΢û뵽ԷȻôĿֲ
֮ȭ
һߴҶ컹ûзӦһȭ֮Ȼըˡ
˲˱״̬֮УһȭҶļо˾ʹҹͷѵĴ죬ȫķɳʮ֮⡣
ԭصȥ谭ֱӵı˵¡
ۡ
һСڵѪ̲סҶ˫Ŀ˫罣˸µɭȻԡ
˴صļһһ֮ˣԷĿֲԵѾﵽһ˵ĵزǱԼľҪ߳
Էϴɱ֮ȫԼʵԼ޷һֶôµֶΡ
֣
뵽Щ֮Ҷ˫ĿѸٵĻâֱۻ裬з·һ㣬ΣڳŶԷ˺Ѱĳ˹ȥ
һεĳص
ֱۻӶ·һɽģǿ谭ȥ
͡
̽һɭȻ
־Υ֮ȭ
Էٴεĺȵ
չһȭ衣
һȭ֮УĻһ𣬷γһĳһ㣬ƺƵй
Ҷ˫ֽӡڵ˶˸ǻ˳磺
˪֮ף
飡
֮ȭС˿ĲҶһӷʹϢĻᣬǿеӶһ㣬ϵڳҶӶÿһεĻӶΧĿռ䶼ѡ
ʱѾ֪ս˶ٹյ£һδεսҶһֱǱԷǿѹס
꣡
ԷͱˣҶ˵ԵǺ飬ֻǱԷᵽȻûҲûǱӣȫûзĻᡣ
ŭһ֮Ҷ˫ĿѸٵĻɺ̬ԭһĨɫӣʱѾ仯ΪһĴڣʱŶԷ֮ȭȥˣǽȻ̤

֮У·ǳһ׵ը
Է΢΢һһ˫Ŀ֮д˿˿ɫȻֻһţȴҲҶĹ۲֮УֳЦݣ
꣬ĺˬ𣿡
˵Ҷ˫ţȻٴε̤
䡭
ͬһڷŭһ㣬һƬѺۼҶȴѾĳȥµ߲ʮ֮ļӳ֣ı֮УȻܵĳŶԷӭȥ

һߴĳ֣ȴҶ̲סΪ֮һ㶣Էʵ̫ĲˣȫĲһλһҲ˵Է;ԵĲֻ֮µĳ̶ȡ
ף
һףĳλˣΪ˱ԼĺŻὫԷġ
Ҷ岻ܣٵıߣ˷·ǲҪĳ˶Էȭͷ
ߺߡħ裡
֮˵ȻŭһȻ˫ȭ裬һĿֲ⻪Ŀռ䣬ȭɵĻһ
Ҳ֮Ϊ𣿡
Ҷĺȵ
˾Ȼת
̤ǰ壡
͵ȭͷķģÿһķıһɱֻҪԼȭͷԵĽӴҶ壬Ҷٴε֮У䡣
ǾʱĶȴҶЦ
򡪡
ˣ
µȭ̲ϵȭ⣬⾲ֹĿռ֮Уװıը
ҶĿռٴεķˣ
ԷȭεȵľˣҶʱǼʶˣԼ֮޷ǿеȥסԷɼһĴԼߣǲЧǶôľ˺Ϳֲġ

ﵭĺȵ
Ҷȴ
ȭͷһ䵽˶Է档
꣬ղŴˬ𣿴̼ио𣿡
Ҷȭͷÿһ̲ŽɫǴŽ֮ǳ֮֮ȵɣÿһĽȥӳ֡
ÿһεļӳ֣Ǿһ
еεȵ죬κεһ˶޷󵽵ľ˺Ϳֲ
顭
ҶȭͷٴεĻ˳ȥ
һȭصĴ˶Էǰ
꣡
̶ٴεĳ֣һε֮У֮˵סĿʼ˾ΰĳ鴤
ȻҶһȭʹﵽЧ൱Ŀ¡

ȭͷĻҶʱȻĲûᡣ
СӡҪɱ㣬ɱ㣡
ɭϵȻĺжһķӡͻأĲһǿҵΣжʱҶȻļٺСΣգ
ҡã
ȭͷʼ
ʮƣ
ʮȫļӳ֣
ҶڵʵѾﵽ֮Ϊһθӵǿĳ̶ȡ
ҲڲϵķתһȭȥЧ㹻Ĵһɽ塣
ۡ
ȭͷݺݵش͸˶Է˶ԷСֱ뵽˵֮Уʵ֮Ŀ£ܿѰҵš
ۡ
һѪԷ˫Ŀ֮д޷ŵɫҶ졣
ȻѰҵԼţҵԼ֮أңҶϵˣ
Ǻεȵ裬ǺεȵĿ֮£ϵˣһˡ

Ҷ΢΢ĴϢҿһεĴսڽ֮еġ
Χɽ˺ѣ汻飬촷ۣӣҶ컺ٴ³һڴص
ΪĶʱĻ˵ãĻᱻԷѹġ
ǰһѧ˵ʵ͵ȼ¶ʥ
ž
һ˺˶ԷϵİֻһλڷήһԹ۾Ӿͷ·ҪԼ˶ҪԵһ㡣
ߡвԱУǳֻɱңҲнյزʵѾǴǾĸ߲㾳ˣٲȻǸӸߵĵزߣĳλˣ˵ʥˡ
Էɫ䣬Ҫжһ̣ҶȴѾһ㣬صĽԷԴնϡ
ٻһɵѸٵȥ
Ҳʱȴ΢΢¶һĨЦ
ʥȻ㰡


1131 ׻
һʥߵһλˣһֱػڶԷߣҶһԷȷʵѾﵽǾΪ
һֱʥػԷİȫʥ֪
ʥսϾһʢ֮£С֮⣬˸Ĳ֪ҲΪԭ˵ôõʱ䣬ûб֡
ǿȻֻдǾΪǶԷͨɱ֮Էİɱ̶ȿﵽɱһǾǿߣ˴˵ʵȷʵǲϵô򵥣κεǶԷʵãҶ̥ĻԷҲô
ҶƿأһٰԵ֮űɱ
ʥҪѰ֮Ȼǿµĺܣһﶼ֪ԷǴѰʲô
ʱҶͻȻҵһǸЦϢ
ߵȻǱǲģȴҲ
Էʵˡ
Է񣬱Ϊؼʱ̣ƻʥһк¡
Ǻǣ⵹Ǻһﻹһ˲ŰȻһ˼ְ˵áһᱻ˷֡
ҶжҲʼ
ԷԵǿޱȣߵݺǿ£֮ҲһˣһﾹȻƿأʵʵȨƿѾﵽһ˵ĳ̶ȡ
˼һ֮ҶҵĽǿеѹ
ΧĻʱѾ߳ɽȡ
ɼղŵսǺεȵĲҡ
΢΢һ֮УҶѸٵĳԼĿĵؿʼǰ
ٴεĽ뵽˽֮кҶѾоΧĻѾղٴµı仯ĺ̶ȱղŸӵĿֲҴ˿˿˵Ϣ
ô̶̵ʱ֮УȻ˹ı仯ʥҪѰʲôﾹȻԲ˵̬
΢΢˼֮УҶŲǰȥ
ϵĳۻĶ˻һˮ̬
߼ȻóɱҶ춼ȥǿֶθҶ첻ٵİȻʱҲ𽥵ĿʼģŶԷֶڽС
Ķ֮Ѹٻһĸı䡣
ǿҶȴֱĮӣ֮Ż֮ССĺȻڳ˵ǿֲǶԼ˵ȴ㲻ʲô
źϵİǿԽеһշȥҰŻ֮ת𲽵ǿ
͡
˵âͻȻıҶɫ΢΢һʱΧĿռ·Ǵɽѹһ㣬ɿѹڷıǡ
ʱΧĿռ䶼˺
˺ѵֲ̬쳣ȻΧʱ䡢ռΧԪǿеŤһ
Ǿǿߣҵȼͣģ⵽ô£
Ҷ̲סĽ
֮УӰĳڿ񱩵ϯһС
Ҷ˫Ŀ΢΢ڰû˵
ԸоһȺڵĳȥʥ֮϶žԵϵ
΢΢һҶȺʧ֮ҲԷϢĽС
ߣ
һƬ޴Ļ磡
ȵ治ϵȼգȼյĻγ˿ֲĺɫ
Щɫ棬Ȼɽʲôĵطǵһʯȼշ̬ȴԿĳⲻͨĻ档
ǸӹĵطȴΧȻγһֺϢͷ·Щֻһְ裬ʵһ˪һ㡣
üͷ΢΢һҶ˫Ŀʼһ˿ȥ
ʱ˵ٶҲǲ̫ľңȻĻҲΪɵҶ쿴൱һʮѡ
ǺǿµȴڣһÿһλǴǿߣͼĴǾ쵽ǿ߶С
˵һ˳ĵطǾһɾ޴ɱ
ЩǺڷ֮ռĻ㹻Щ湦ˣ׷ҵҲȥѡģҴ˵׻Ҫϣϧϧ
еһλ̲סĽе
׻顭
˵Ҳ̲סĽ¶˿˿ɵ֮ɫӷǶ׻Ŀ³̶ȴﵽһ˵ĵز
˰ɣһǿԵõҪģ׻˵Ҳǲˡ
Ϊ׵һ˻˵
˳Ϊһͷҳβĺȥһλ̬һԻĿſµĺâһŭƺǿ
ǰ׻˵ĲһֻҪǵõеһǾԵĿ׬ˣû뵽˵Ȼġ
˸͵˵
ǰû뵽ﾹȻĿ˵ǸıħϿȣһűصĵطϧǣǵ೤һ֣໥Ļһ˭Ҳܹһʥսĳ֣һûᣬҪһʣĻ֮껹֪Ƿлٴεأ
Ҷ˫Ŀ΢΢Ļһ˿Ĺâ
׻顭ﾹȻֺڷ֮𡭡
˿˿ĺɫ棬Ҷвɵһ
Ǻڷ֮׻飬Ǵ˵֮еĿ֮
ǰһֺĻ棬֮أڶûа취ҵеԴͷǺߵǿȴɵģ׻飬һǿĻں֮󣬲Ŀ½ᾧ
һγɣȥ֮󣬲¿һλǿ߶׵ǡ
Ϊ׻ƵĲ̫ĿЩһҪķ׻ǿȻǹϵģǴڵȴҲǹϵġ
Ǳ˵Ļûа취ģǶҶ˵ȴ㲻ʲô
ĲϺ֮ܶ࣬Ĺ֮Ĳ϶ĳ棬Ȼ˹룬ʣµҲ㹻ȥ׻ˡ
뿪ӰҶ췴ǲȥˡ
֮İȺ˸߲Լߡ
΢΢һʱһغڷ֮𻺻ƮԼ֮С
ЩҶ֮зžмһССŤÿһεŤҶǸоһҪɵӡ
һʩչ֮׻ԻҲ𻵵ģ׻Ȼǲͬһľ˺Ϳֲ
˵
Ľ׻ĲϷУҺЩһҲϴС
ҶĽЩڷ֮ռȭͷС֮еĲҲʼһֶصķʽһγһâǵͼʼɿľۼ
Լһӵʱ֮ҶѾһöȭͷ̶ȵӡ
ɫ貵âлŵµϢǲҪʵ飬ȴҲ֪еǶôľˡ
ö֮Ҷĳ΢΢һѸٵĽЩڷ֮ɽ뵽Ű˲ͼ֮УεĿЦһȥ
öʱˣҪദĻҪʱҲǲģ


1132 ֲ
һƬĿռ䣬Ķת
ΧۼһǻɫЩڲ·׷ɣϸϸĿȥ֣ᷢЩɫĳ̶ֳϣƺǽӽһĳ̶ȡ
һİĵطҶǿԸоΧǺϵȥӿ
ɫϵķĳֹ·ǹһڽг
ǰһˣҶûȥ׵ĽӴΧĻɫ
ģЩô£
һλǿ̲סĽе漴˦һֲγһâѸٴﵽǧ׵ĳ̶ȣһΰĻɫȫ˺ѵ
Ҫ
Ϊ׵Ĵ̲סĽе
ǵĻ˵꣬ǽâѾʼԷ̬Ϊԭʼ
䡭
һɿֲѹٵɣʱǼһ·ͱһ㣬ѸٵĴ˷ĳĻɫЩſµԹ̬֣֮ȴĳһץȥ

ٶ֮죬˲ı˶Էﴫһ˵Ĳҽ
ǲҽеͷ·ǱץסԼĲӣϢһ㡣
ߡ
Ϊ֮˴ĺ
һǿߣȻЩɫȫûзſ˲Χȥ
Ҫ˵ΧһǿߣѾĳǰȥ
ǣЩɫûнļһϣǲϵȥΧסղŵˡ
վԶŵҶ죬̲סһɿºЩֻһЩɫĴھȻ˵ĴڣԷûиԷſĻᣬ˲ıȻɵˡ
顭
һֻ֣ǿһϾȻ˵Ĺѣ·һް
ÿµֶΡ
Ǽһȫķ֮Ҷ̲סĸ̾
Щ桭
˵
桭
Ҷüͷ΢΢һ
ǵģ桭һֱѾˣȴһû˼ȫһֱȴԴǧ£Ҫȥȡ̫ԴȥǺǣôĿɱǼһҲΪġ
Ҷ΢΢һȻѵʬ棬һɵʼһΧӰĳ֮С
ԷӺԭʬϵòҪмֵƣǶԷȴû˿ı飬·һľżֻľżõ̬һ㡣
¶£Σ¶㲻ϣӵĿɱ
૵ĵ
ҶѾ˳Ƶǰȥ
ȻģһεʥΪѰĳֿµرңһȺˣƺҲΪģǵʲôȻôǿߣôʱ֮УĻѾȫİɽȵ̬еĺȴʼԽǿҪôǿſԽһб˾ˣ
˼֮УҶĿʼӿٶȡ
˵һεʥս֮Уһλ˵Сӡ
һ
ǰһˣȻǶһ飬Ǻ⡣
֪⵽ĸģֳ׳ľ޽ݣĪУΪؼǶԷѰҵһ֮Ĺأϵ֮ĹȻҲ٣Ƕص൱أĪĻԵûѰ˵һ׬ˡ
һλǿߵ˵
˵˺أȻƾԼʵԿһµǿڣبűӵУ֮ˣ챦֮ˣſԿԷԿĻȻĪ䱦
˵Ҷ͵һ
ԼȻڲ֪ıô˸ˡ
صļһȷʵЩֶΣţԷԽɱеʵҲ֪Ǽء
ߣôܣԷô˵ĳ̶ȣҪ֪ԽɱУǲҪߵֶΣһҪϵ֧֣ԷʵҲ֮ΪΪɳ̶ȣԺʹǶԿ𣿡
˲м˵
Ҳǰ
졭
ͻȻΪ׵λӳĺȵ
˵һ㶣Ǻܿȴǰ濴ȥ
ֻһƬĻҰɫ
ЩŨǸҶ춼̲סЩ
ЩĲȻֹס˫Ŀߡ
ʵȫܵ飬ϣҶ˫ĿȻ㲻ǧ۵ĳ̶ȣȴҲ㹻Ŀĳ̶ȡ
ȴЧֹߣ˵ЩųԽģУ
Ҷ컹ڴȥ۲һµ˲䣬ͻȻҶ˫ĿȻùԲ
һɿµϢĳӿ˹
á£
вϵĽ
һ绺ع𣬶ʱǰʼ
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ֻЩڲϵŤ·һһŤϣȴڻͷʲôһ㡣
𡭡
һ֮
һֻ԰ɫצͻȻĴ
Ǵ֮չģٶ֮죬ȴ·Ǵһһ㡣
һֻ޴צ
צѾûһ˿Ѫ⣬µֻɭȻİ׹ǣ׹棬ȴķģ˸ʥϢһɱζ
ֻһצȴ·ǺΧһȻĴһ𵴡
Сģ
Ϊ׵Ӵĺȵ
Ҫ˵˱ѾԸоƺĿֲˣϵɽ㱬ӿ廯磬ĳһ࿪ʼɢ
䡭
һֻצݺ۳ң֮е
Ҷ˫Ŀֻʣһֻ޴İ׹צ
쵰
ŶԷٶԽѸͣڵʱһλǿ̲סŭһĳצȥ
Ҫ
˴ĺȵ
Ǿʱ򣬶Էȴ֮ݺݵغɱ˹ȥ
ǧ׳һ޴ȭصĺͶԷצɱһ
䡭
һ޴ıҶȴž㵵ɫ
ԷһλǾڶǿߣȻ˵ԼҲȥӦȴҲԵĲ˼򵥡
ֻצɬһµ̬ûУںͶԷȭӴ˲䣬˲ڻ˶ԷĽɲǼ䣬צԥֱӵĳ˶Էǰ
͡
޴צĻӶ
ֻצ仯һ㣬ѸٵĽԷ峹׵˺ȥ
ֻգ۵ʱѣԷѾ˺ѳΪ⣬ȫʧȥ
ԽԽˡһγֵˣʵӵĵ΢
һĴ֮вĳ֣ʱһֵĺɫӰĴڲ
ɫӰӵıһһ޴ɽĺӰԷÿһε߶һ־޴𶯸С
һгԼǰ֮Ҷ˫Ŀ̲סùԶҲ¶˿˿𾪵µĻߡ


1133 
ߣ
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ߣһִѪΪѪͳ֮һĴڣһζķ壬Ըʶ䣬Ϊ˳ߵ̬Ȼ˵ųߵ̬ȴĳ̶ֳϣơ
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1134 ֶȫ
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һ̴ﵽ۷塣
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1135 նߣ

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1136 ׷
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1137 
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1138 
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һĳȴ֮нǴڹʥ鷢ʥ⻪ǧǧ֮УǴһֻ۾˶Է
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1139 
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漴ٵıߣΪҶѾоһֻɢ֮УſֲĳǱһ֮Ч
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1140 ƽħ
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͡
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⵹ΪҶڴƽħϲһ̫ĳˡ
һԭΪ˻īһɫһϵļ֮г֣Ϊ˻ħۣĻǰ˻ħ۱Ǵƽħĳߡ
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΢΢ʩչۣ֮Ҷ˫Ŀ΢΢𣬹ȻĿǴƽħ棬ŸԩӰڷĲͰԵĲѪеһ
һڿȥʥƣھʥʵԷ̫߳ˣ㹻ѪҪɵ֮ĵˣ²ôļ򵥵ģһӦûֶûʩչڻܳĻᱻ˸ѹģЩȻжԣȴҲԵĲϲٴμһµġ
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һɴδֹľɱ⣬˿˿ȵĽϡ
һ鿪ʼ
һԿµ˫Ŀ˸ž˵⻪
˻ɣԭһţһεʥս֮дʣڿĻĽѾԼƿػҪС̫ˣ㽾ģȫĸжΪһẦһʧ֮õĹ𣿡
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ʩչݺ֮Уɷ֮һѪɫħյչ
Ĳһһֲƶռһ㣬ʩչ֮Уɷ֮ʵʿʼۼһ˾˵˺ԡ
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Ŀʥ
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1141 ʥ
ʱ·һ޴һ㣬߰Цݣһ˿ӣһŭȣʱ˷ϹľۼһĻ档
µŭһһطĻûΪһ޴Ļ񽣡
ߣ󣬻棬ƻߣұص־ڽ
Ķʱٵıһʼ޻üķϯ˳ȥ
֮УǷĻûĻȻĺµںһ
ϡ
һ񽣣ĳ֣
ɫĽ紿ʯûнûнʣȴڳ֮󣬴Ľ⡣
Ĵ󣬴
Ǵڽľѧû뵽˾Ȼɹˣ
һλʥ¼Ľе
ǰСӣԷǴƽħ޷֮Կˣڽ̲һµ޵꣬Խеӵ£˻ľѧ׳հ˻ɣˡ
䡭
ƽħľصײһ
ϡ
߶ײ쳹
ĻǣÿһŶȭͷСĿȥ·һööǳһ㣬ǳΧһжʱ뵽һֲֿĻ֮С
ƽħ޴ޱȣ֮䣬˾˵ĺħһεĽ·Ҫشһ㣬㹻һŸֱһࡣ
ƽħȻǱѰǿϧǣĴɱƺûбһȫԷʩչ֮У˿˿ɬȻɬ΢ǻٳɶ࣬Ӱ죬³˵󣬶һʥǿߣ˻ɣ鷳ˡ
ҶаԵжϵ
ߵĶԿƴȴֲϸ΢ľ֮Ҷ֮֮۸Ǳƿ˸ͨڴ֮۵Ĺ⻪ȥƿߵĶԿ
֪֪ս
ҶѾ𽥵ĴߵĶԿ֮У˲ٵЩһĻӰԺ֮Уü֮УݻȻԼΪҪ
䣬ҶȻоԼڽ
ƽħ˾ħϢԽľˣͬһֻаħһ㣬񱩵չԼҧص
ƽħʩչÿһζ֣еľ֮˶̲סĲһֲĸо
ֲϢǵ̲סĿʼΪԭʼĶ
˫Ŀ΢΢ķһɫĹâֺɫԵĴһֿµħԡ
ǴƽħȻƥģħ֮ȴҲ̲Ϊ˵ħԣ㹻ĸıһԵĿħ
Զŵأħԣ˵ǿ֮˿ƵĻҲѹȥʹƽħȫںϵĳ̶ȣǸʱ򣬻ƿ֮Уġ
ȴһ˻ɵʵԶԶû취һµĴɱ׵ںϣΪĵħȻĿʼѡƿ
ܶȻҲһ㣬ǰ˻ߵλǿ߷׷׵¶ԥɫ
˵ǰ˻ıƽħƿصĻǾ군ˡ
׽ڣ
ȻƿشڽʥХ
ϻٴεıŷݺᣬһ޴ʥһ㣬ʾžҵ棬䣬ںһ
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ǿչ֮Ľ͹Ӱһ𣬷貵Ĺ⻪֮ɽΪ֮ɽΪ֮ѡ
شĻ谵
һĻչֳǴƽħ֮ΪֲһȺǿǰĻ
𡭡
µޣȻһŭ˲ԴݿϢΧ谭˲Ĵ˱ıԵ
뱾ޣϵҫϣʱŭ𣬸Ӱһ޷ݻٵ־ؼϢеΪ˵ߵĵ֮󣬲㹻κεһΪ֮˱ܡ
ߵսһӵʱ䣬ǷԲ֮УȴѾƻһࡣ
ıأ˵ĪЧʥʵͨ죬һö̫ʯȴڱص֮ս꣬ͷţҴﵽ۷壡
ƿԷĳ˫ѸٵĽӡΪ貵Ĺ⻪ת˲ѣȴѾصľޱ䡣
ʲôǡ
˵ɫĿʼ仯
ֻ֮ϣĻȻ漴ٴ࣬Щ˵˻ģݺϣϺͿµս֮
Ϊ˵һ㡣
ǰ˻һȣһﾹȻٻԼȣѪôﵽһֶôĳ̶ȣ
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һ˫Ŀɵģȴ·һߣ׵ȥԷһۣоصֿϢһֳԵֿסġ
͡
â˫Ŀ֮мסʥ
Ǵƽħ貹⻪ԭһѪ죬ĴӰ˻ɵ˫Ŀ֮£ʱĴƽħǼĲϣϢΨһŷˡ
ս
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ǰ˻ħ۵ĻǺͰ˻ɵںһ
һʩչȻͬĶеζȴ˷츲صĸı䡣
һʱ֮еʥ˲һ˳ȥ񽣷İȻ˲ɢΪΪԭʼ
µŭһһĻ棬·ͷŵĻһ㣬ѸٵչһаΧס˰˻ɵ塣

ĺ
ϵļⶼڷĳ鴤
еĴƽħʱ·ǻ˿һ㣬ĳŶԷѹ˹ȥ
ۡ
б˲𣬶޵Ļڷŭĺ֮УɢΪޡ

һѪȻĴһѪΧٵȥ
ǿȻ壬׵Ŀȥֿסġ
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ǿŭһͼǰȥΧѾȴѾõİ˻վϴŵЦݡ
Ϊؽ飡
һͻȻĴǱɵʥﻺķһĿֲһ̣˲ı
ʲô
Ҷɫ䣬̲סĽ
Ǵʱȴûע⵽һ㣬Ϊ˵עѾȫķ֮ϡ


1142 ¶
һֻŹֵʥС
ҲǴﵽʮ׳ĳ̶ȡ
Ƭƺһ㣬ɫĹ⻪ϵ˸
ĲŶԷĳ֣һֿµĿ񱩡
ռڷڲֹȾΪһƬе̬
˫Ŀ֮дһĨ˵ĹâȻ沨ϵĹ˫Ŀֳ棬ڷȼգȴһֿµıϢ
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޴ķģ˸ˮһĹ⻪̬һӡ
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ĺˬ𣿰˻ɣ㾹ȻҶһˣҲ԰ˡ
˵䣬ıȻһɿֲĲ䣬Ļڷڡ
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ʵСңչֵʵȫǰ˻ħ۵Чڵ㣬ֻһֻ΢ϣû뵽㾹ȻҶõ
ŭʥɫѿ˼£Ȼ뵽ԼȻһıȵ˵֮Եøķߺޡ
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ҵʵǿޱȣҲǱ֮־Ĵڣ㼴ӵʥΣҵʵ㣬˻ħ۵ĴУҵѪںһȫĿԼԦһƽħ
ħǾ޴ħ仯˿һ㣬ܵħ濪ʼעУɫĹ⻪·һħڿ񱩵ŭ
йλǿ嶼ʼϣмλ嶼̲סĿʼ˵ϡ
ְԵ⣬ȫȼԵֿģЩĵӣȻʵǿᣬȱ˱ʧȥĴǵķ֧Ӷ硣
Ҷ˫Ŀ˿˿Ŀʥϸ˵ڿŶԷеһʥ㡣
һҼȡĻټ̫ʯ㹻ҵˮ֮ͻ֮ٴһµĲΣڵߺȥȡǿˣòһһ˲õļһﰡڴ̫ʯǿһ˲ı̲ϵı㹻Ϊǿĳ̶ȣҿҵˮ֮ǿټʥ̲صĻԵĻȫĿٴνһδںϵġ
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͡
Ҷߵľʯ˲ıΪĩ
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1143 
̽ȥǰ˻ɵʱѾ׵ı
һʥٴεȻɢΪһ⣬ϵǱһֲȼճΪޡ
סһ޴Ĵƽħʥ˫Ŀ΢΢𣬷ž˵档
Ҷ߿
Ҷ˫Ŀâ£һʥһ㣬Ľ£һѵԵøۡ
Ǹղλ֮ǿµġ
ǿ֮ﵽ˴۷ǿߡ
ǾʱȴҶ׵Ļɱˡ
ǺεȵǿֶΣڳ˵ĶûпҶγ֡
ɫĳ쪵趯΢緢µƮݵĺɫĺɫӣ޲ڴʱʾһصϢ
Ҽǵ㡭
ʥﻺ˵
ӿʼʱʵ̫žΪȴӳҵָϻ꣬ڽգеʵȻ뵽֮Ϊһرˡ
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Ϊߵ谭֮£ȴĿӡ
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ҶģѾ׵군ˣֻҵȴһ˿˺۶ѣϾⱲӵһҲΨһһˣ˵Żҵ˵ļ䣬ֻҪſ޵ĳɳһȴԷġ
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Ҷ쿴ĺԼ֮⣬ǻ̾ȻҲû˿ķӦΧһɽѹǳ˻֮ȴ˲ɢ
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Ҷ΢΢һ֮ڵЩ
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ʱӵ֪ԼʱʥӣԷ˵ûʱ֣ʱĻԼõĶٵģûôɵǱĴУûеõԼεܹ¶Լʵ
ǽߵĻ̣ȻɱڣȴǿеһѹԼ֮Уûб¶˿Ĳ
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ܺá֮仹һĺģǺΣ
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˵ʲôô𣿡
Ҷһɳƣ䣬һɿµɷŷ·Ҫس׵ֺ͸סһ㡣
λʵС֮ˣǸоԼĺʼü
һ˿ЦݳʥϣһƿȫֵЦݣˡ
û˿ӳƿء
ܺãıأӦ˵ԶʱڵıһλǿߣѧƥǿʵתǬÿ꣬񱦲رῪһΣԷ֮ǰôͨƿԼ棬ǳķԼ֮εؿ˳˺ȥ˽⵽Ĺλãֻңͨε㣬ҵطֻҪҺҿȥеʮΣ
ʮ
˵˫ĿҪɳ
Ҷ֮жһļʺͳޡ
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ǵεĲʣ
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ȻиɵΪʲôҪ
໥һЦȴ̥


1144 
ǰҪȥĵطˡ
ʥڴɫǰһƬأ֮еĲ޲һ˷ܵ
̫ʯǿ㹻ʵõһδɱ䣬ʱĻϵʵԴﵽһ۷ĲΡ
뵽Щǿﵽڵ̶ȣĹﵽ˼£ȴҲ̲ס¶ԼĵĲ
Ҷ˫Ŀû˿Ĺâͬһֻһ㣬Ϣȫޣظʥı
ĸǣûκεһˣȥ֮۷ǿߣҶһˡ
ǵʵȻ֮ҪǿĶ࣬ȴҲûܹԵȥӦɷǡ
ֶΣµɷڶ̲סĴ¡
߲ѣû˿ı飬Ůȴ·͵ˮһ㣬û˿ı飬ȴɵĿ˸ое͡
Ҷ֪ǰŮһʮĺݶ֮ȴҲòϣǰŮһʮֻŮ˱ǶԷٴ󣬵ȴҲܶҡľġ
ԴԼ֮ҶѾ϶ˣԼŮ֮䣬ǾԵĲݵĽ֣ԼȥɱԷһԼʵָ鱻Է֮ԼҲܵԷ׷ɱġ
뵽ЩҶٴεĿһʥ
Ȼ˵ӿʼʱʥȻԼһѧǿµʥ㣬ЩȴʥȻǿᣬȴԶԶĲѪΪ֮ɵġ
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뵽Щ֮ٴεĽ䱸֡
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һ˿Ȼǿ󣬾ͷ·Ǻ֮һöʯӵҶȴ⡣
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ǡƻ򡷵ʥƿأҵġ֮򡷸ӵĴ죬ԵѾõĳ̶ֳˡ
΢΢˼֮УҶѾĿ
һˣһ䱸óϵʼݺݵضǰ
ֻѾ촷۰Ĵڣˮؿʼڣһ˵Ļγɡ
һĻĸֳ
һλ֮ɫ档
ߺߣʥĺܰ
֮У·ӿΧĿռ˲Ŀʼ仯ԭȣȻٵˣʪӡ
ˮ֮ĲһʵȻﵽ˺ʥԿĳ̶ȣ㾪˵ˮ֮ºʥȫԶԿһǿļһ
Ҷ˫Ŀâ˸ٵĳԼ뷨
ˣܹٻһ޴󣬿ĳʵѾﵽһ˵ĳ̶ȣ²ûĻӦ
顭
͵Ծӵݺݵ䵽˵ϣˮȴûнȥĽ£Ƭɫ˸Ƽһ㣬֧岻ȥ
ÿµļһ
ʱҶĿ˶Էʱĸо˶Էֿµˮ֮
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ˮ֮͵ģ͵ģǶԷϵˮȴ·Ǳ̰ˮͣµĳ̶ȣԵҶƽÿֲ
۹ⲻ
ӵЦ
Ҷ΢΢һ
֣İôǿߣļϸǷḻúܣܿıҵ˶Էϡ
ԷһԱһһλ֧ĵӡ
ǼǷ֧ĵӣȴƾԼʵڶ̶̵ʱУѾ˺ĵӵС
˵ܶĺĵӲϧǣԷбúܣĻɱʮλĺĵ֮Ҳû˵ȥ֮һĴˣлλǿĴǾǿߡ
˶Էʵڻһš
ŶԷ¡ľ޴ͿµĻߣҶѾжϳ˶Էص㣺
һǿߡ
㾹Ȼ
ʥɫЩѿȻֺϢӵ˽⣬Էһֵĸ֡
Сɽ룬ΪʲôӲԣ
ʥɫһϵƷıŷһֲļݺݵسŶԷȥ
ĻСүŸɾ㡣
ӻС𣿡
мŭ
Ȼһβͣʱһɿֲɷı
¡¡
ΪģʱɽѣߵҲ˺ݺݵز˼¡
ߵĽ棬Ȼǲֱ˴ˡ
ˮ֮ʥȴǻ֮߱ˮݵģһ𣬲սŹء
ҶЦ
뵽ΪļһȻԶѪĹ۲죬ʵѾ㹻ʸӮעˡ
㵱ĴӶսɣ
Ц˵
ߡ
ղŵĽ֮УʥԵĸоǰһǿ£Ȼ˵žԵİܹԷѹȴҪķһֵĴۡ
ǾΪҵʵȽϣС˶ٵģ˵ʥõĲҪˣʲôеġ
һ滺ĳУϴſֲķâ·һµĴ󽣣â¶Һصĸоӵľˡ
Ǳ񱦲ص飬Ӻ˵õĻõĻǺӺӺҪʲô̫ʯû˿ôӿ͸㣬ֻҪеļѡ
˵
ߡ
ʥٴεһҶȴԿĳʱʥѾʼ
СӣʵȻԶԿѪȻϣȴʵǷһ顭
һ΢ҶĶ߻


1145 Ӱ
Ҷ͵һ漴ĳȥ
ֻʱһ۹۱ǱǹĵվƺǸղ˵˲һ㣬ҶȴڰľȣһﾹȻ֪Լʵ
˵ɣʲô
΢΢һҶ쵭˵
ûʲôֻӿ˳ۣٱҪõĶ࣬һһʮİǣΪһĲĺģһֱǵĻӶ֪ģСǳĿţΪĿԵõԼҪĶ𣿡
Ҷ΢΢һȻ֪ʥǲ׵ıԼΪµġ
ɲΪǰһˡ
ӵĸоǰһһʮı̬ԷĿºʹϻ֮ȫĺһֹĶԱȡ
ԷĴһֿµڸǶѡ
ֻҪ𣿡
ҶЦ˵
ΪҼӵİԭ𣿡
ҶŲţǰһΪԼӵĳ֣סѪŻһмġ
˶ڶԷ˵൱ĲϿɡ
Ȼ˵Ļֱӵ˵ΪؼڰɣΪԼĿԵõ˵ıǱ񱦲صıȻ٣мɵİգԴеõԼҪģҪĲ࣬񱦲֮УҪһҪı˼̫ʯӶ⣬ȫĿԸ㣬ֻҪ˺һȺ˵гʥ֮⣬˶ϣ飬˵û˿Ѱɡ
Ҷ˫ĿĿϣһ˿˿˼չֳǺܿĶߴ֡ɽ
ȻͶԷԼ˵û˿ĻҶȻֵȥȫһġ
ܺãǵĺ൱ģ
֮Ľ֮ûа취˽⵽Ҷߣϵıǲᱻ˲²⵽
ʥʵͨ죬ҶҲûоԵİܹѹסҶ첻ģ㶨ʥҪ׺ܶġ
Ȼ˵ĻֶΪ
㵽׷ŸƨӵĽΣ
ﻺĽе
ߡֻǺĹϵȵҵõе䱦ֻܹ֮õеļѣһҪ֪㵽Ҫõʲô
ʥ˵
ߡ㲻Ҫ֪Ҷ񱦲Ϊľһö޴̫ʯӲϡˣõĲҪ̫࣬ĻӲȥϢɢȥţܶ˻Ǳ񱦲ȵ뷨ģʱĻΪƾԼʵԸ㶨𣿡
вҡܺãǺĵвҵˣõĲҪڣ
ʥĽе
Ǿ߰ɡ
ƻӶһֲͻȻĴб
ʱǱɫĺݺݵĻӶӶ
󺣵˲ĿʼչֳǾ˵ڵߣһıɫˮ̬֮ʼҺ̬Χʼɢ
﷽ԲİķΧ֮УѾӳ׵ΧֻҪκεһ˳֣ܵӵĸӦ
ȥǴҶȴԸоĳǴϸһ˲õ
˫ĿŶԷеһ濴ȥ
ķģÿһķĶὫˮ֮ļӳ֣ٴεıŷһµĲϡ
浴ˮ֮ͬһƬ󺣵ϢǸӵŨ
һµı㹻öԷˮ֮ӳɵ
Ҷ΢΢ĸ̾һ
˵ԵĲԼҹսóģԼҹսȻǿ󣬵ƺǺЩǿĶ˵ȴǲ˲ٵġ
뵽Щ֮ҶѾԵ¶˾ģҪնɱʥĻǾҪ͵һҪ鳹׵ѹȥ
ʮһʥ飬ԤϣڶԷ֮󣬲һ˹⻪һֿµĴݷʽԼϢ˵Ѿʮһʥļ֪ˡ
ӵĻԼλЩ鷳ġ
ҹս壬ϣܹҰĻ岻ҪҲա
΢΢˼֮УҶѾԵ˼ƽϡ
ʥɫ΢΢һ
ˮ֮ҪµĶ࣬ǻѪǴŻΧˮ֮ĲȻǿĺܣĻʵҲҪѹһЩ
ɽǵĿĵˡ
һ޴ɽʥ૵ĵ
ߣһɽĳȣﵽ˼ʮҪѰҵĻǵúķѶٵʱ䣬ҲӦ֪ģЩݱĽţûôʱ䣬ȻѾ˱񱦲أЩĺĵҲԷֵģӽ㣬ƨţõʱñˡ
ΪȻˣõĲҪôĲ¼ɺ͵⣬Ҳˣ̬Ⱥŷġ
촽˵

˫Ŀ΢΢һһԷžâ۾΢΢ıâ
̣˵㣬ֶΣȻ֪Ľ뵽֮ľ֮УӻǷ֧ӵʱǸţӿ㲻ˬĺܣ˵˵ӻᵱƨˣ㡭ûʸ˵
൱Ĳ
⻰Ҷ찵ԵĽˬļһʱøдʢ
ǶԷĻȴû̵Ľݺݵز˼£һ̲ס³棬ȴǿеİסеŭ⣬΢΢һ֮󣬽ԴƲȥȥһ
ҵֱӡǣ˵ͳı̳ߣõ˵Сһ㣬ʥ㣬ӵĲΪʲô
ǻίӣʥɫʱı
С
ȻЦһȴûȥ˵
һɽһµħޣǱĳ֮ħҲ漴ĸڶԷ䣬ıһôͨһƬɽ֮УѰҵĻԻķѺܴȴһűһƣӡǣҿȥҵԷλõġ
˵䣬Ʒɿ趯
һöɫƸ֮ϡ
һƿȭͷСȴĴһǿҵķâͬһʵһ㡣
ȻǱ֮Ҫ뵽ǿȥѰҵĿ½ôĳ̶ȣԴʮҲ㹻ˣȴǸʲӵıΪƣļһҿˣĻ֪˷Ѷٵıء
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ĴۼʼűƵĳ֣ʼŹ⻪
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ƺǱȴ֣һŭ֣ȴҶݺݵǷ·Ӵ𶯣˵ѪҺΪ֮
ѹԣ·ǰһɽ趯һ㡣
ӡǡ
ʥĺȵ
Ķʱɽ֮ϣһ˵ĳ翪ʼ
һ޴ӰӣڿһӰ֮ҶɫȴޱȹŹ


1146 ļ
ǡ
Ҷ˫ĿһĨ˵Ĺâ
â֮дžȣ޷ţſֲâҿΪʱ˶ڿǰӰӣûȥҶı֡
˷֣ȴҲֻǽҶıֵھǰӰӶѡ


ǰһʵ޷ȥԴ
һ·ǴɽӰӡ
µ̬͹ΧıԵǱӡ
ΪԵ֮أһķâ
һӰӣȴҲĿдĿֲǺεȵĿ¡
ΪԵĵطһķâ²ϣմ˸ַŹεѪ
ҵ֮дŹϵϢնɱ֮γɵһֿ̬
໥ĸôԶҶȴɵĿԸоӰӵص־˵ĲϢɱ̬㹻Ķҡκεһλǿߵĵġ
Ʒ
Ҷ̲סĽе
һļ俪ʼҶ
ҶǰԭϣȻ㲻ǳǹڶԷĴ˵ȴļء
ɵӰUFO֣Щ֮Ͳĳ־˵Ŀ־ڴ
Ҳ˵ģ˵ҶΪһͨˣڣİ
ΪΪ磬Ϊʲôһ
Ҷ޷ţ
Ϊʲô˵Ĵڣ
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֮У޾ɳƣ·ɤбɳӸڸסһ㡣
ǿɱ֮ǿڵ̶ȣ̲סһֻĵӸС
δ֪ڵĵӡ
ǹϵʷϣƺԼǵĴڣǸʱ̫Сļס࣬ҴĵһֺĹ°ˡ
૵ĵ
⻰ȴ̲סıһΣѾģǲ˻˵
һֱԳΪӡȴתԼĳƺĳ̶ֳȴҲԿĳʱеľҲﵽһ˵ĵزϡ
֮ǿ󵽿ĳ̶ȣʥܣνıȻδ˽⣬̫࣬ǶԷǿȴɵģĹȴһصӰӣǾ˵һĹ֮УһɵĴڣӵĻǲǿΪһʵϾڵʱ˵ġˣ
Ҷ̲סĿʼ
ںݺݵ
εĶһߣһԽ֮ˣѪȴ׻Ƶģĸڻģζ޷ȴģԭǿ߿գˣȴ֣Լڵʵû취ȥ棬ȥѰԼԭĹ硣
ԵĻǲǿȥǰһ޴ķɵԼȥɵԭأ
뵽Щ֮Ķ̲סĿʼ
뵽𣿡
ʥ̲סĽе
֮жڴĹâȻΪڴܹѾõԼҪĶȴһ̲סı˵
öô׳յ˲ŻʵⰡô֪֪Ļ᲻˵𣿡
һݺݵرһѣʱʥɫʼЩѿȴûٴεķ
ȥ
Ҷ쵭˵
Ѿƽܶ࣬ϾԭУ˵˺ͷɵĴ˵ľˣԽһΣһգɵӰ췴ʼС˺ܶࡣ
ϽĽıƿ˰ɣʱĻӵǺڴǷĿԿıذ
̲סĽе
ûĿһ׳գʥû˵ֻ˵ϡ
ʱҶŷ֣ʱʥɫǽһ԰ס
˶΢΢Ĳš
ССһöƣȻķӴ
ҶסЩ嶯ڿһ֮УҲʼñ⻹ǴߣصĺȴһϵıͿֲɷһš
һöƺȫںһģ˵ҵһˣƾͳ׵ıˡ
ʥﵭ˵Ҳ֪⻹⣬ǾͣıҲʼκʹ΢΢ĸЦ˼
УӻС𣿡
ڿ֮УȴıӣƾղţѾԿĳѾɱ⣬ڼɵʥĻ͵һˡ
Ҫҿĳʥ˵Ļûд󡭡
Ҷ쵭Ĵ˵
ߡã˵Ǳ񱦲صĻ˵ãĻѡֵģСӣΣ
Ҷ̲סķ˷ۣǰ쵰óţڶԷ˵һԾԾԵĸоܿȴ뷨׵Ĵˣ
ڻǳֵʱڣʥΪСܣΪĻǲΪ˵ǳֵĻһҪһΪаյֶΣĻǲõҪı˵û뵽ԷС
еڿʼˣǷҲһС
Ҷٴεķ˷ۣסҪ˵ĳ嶯ʱŷ֣һǷĻ쵰
뵽Լһжϣסһִ
һһ˼ܵǿ
һǿ߷׷׵ΧʥΧϴŽ䱸ɫ
Ȼ֡
û˵Ҳûн䱸ֻڿ֮ķɵӰӳһϲʱĴ˿˿˼ӣƺ
ӡǡٵأҡںϣ
ͻȻʱʥĺ
һǿҴִʵʵĺɫȦϵʥơ
˲ĿʼǿĻߡ
УʱĿ̻ŵ˵ķġ
дž˵ĻվߣûбԷֹȥȴҲ㹻ĸоŵֿµ˺ƻϢ
áһЯġƻٴεɱˣ
Ҷ˫Ŀͫ׾ҵ
˵ǿ󣬾ǶԼĲʥҪģһʥ²ĵֻǶԷȴҪԼİ
һġƻǿᵽ˼£ҵġ֮˵ԷʱӵƳٴεĽĻҲһ¡
ҡƣ
¡¡
һ˵Ĺâǰ漤˳
ʱһƬҡΡ
ˡ
һĲʼ쳹˲֮УΧѾһķ˸ЩȫǰıɽϣÿһķģСĿԴﵽ΢ĵزһСɽһ㣬ںһϳΪһ˵Ż
ǡߣ
ʥĺȵ
˵䣬ϵĳ趯׵˺գǵǰȥ


1147 ֲϢ
ߡĵǿ찡
ӵ˵˵䣬ȴȻļԦԼʼǰȥ
һﵹʡ¡
Ŀռ֮УˮԪصͳܵ˼£һ㹻Ĵﵽԭĳ̶ȣһʼչĻǾ쳣ѡ
һ󣬱һ޴ĻһĿʼչĻ㹻˵ٶѸٵĳ̶ȣҶķԼٶȣϵع۲š
ʥƺЩƣˣȻǿеǰһ뵽һŻļһȴ
䡭
һ֮Ҷ쾪ȵķ֣ŻȻС˲١
ãƵġ
Ҷ̲סĺ
µ߲ʮ
ʮ֮ļӳ֣Ҷ˾ͻħ߰ӣǰУٶ֮죬ͬһǿҵĹâһ㡣
衢ģ
ʥɫʼ
ŻģھȻˣεĲŭ
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˫ȻĸŻ棬ϼ͹Ȼһǿҵ·һֲħһ㣬˵ʼչ
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˫Ϲ˫۰ĳ۳׵飬Ϊ˷ĩ
ĺɫâʼɣ͸³ɵĹ⻪
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ոȥѾĵ˲СҲ̫Ŀ˵ɣ˵ŻȻҲ˺
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漴һ𽥿ʼڵʥһֲİԵϢ˽
ڿһҶ֮û˵ֱӵĳȵ
ʲô˼
С˵ʲôôˣ
һ޹ĿŶԷ˵
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һλ̲סЦ
͡
һֲͻȻĳߣݣ˲סһ塣
ǿֲֶκͿµٶȣԼĳַʽ˲һ˵峹׵ĽӲǱֵǿߣɫǱѩɫ˶׵ĽֱˣǿֲĿֶΣûи˿Ļᡣ

ʥ̲סŭĿʥ㣬濪ʼ񱩵ı޴˲̤棬ʼŶԷ˹ȥ
ԷԼǰ֣εܹȻ
ˡն
΢΢Ķ
һ˵˳֣ɿ֮л
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͡
һѪ˵ǿֱӿķݣղѾ˺İֱۡ
ܼһ˵ѾǲеˣɿĴͳһѵҩݺݵĹ⻪˸
ʱϵѪѾֹסˣҶȴĲڶԷϣһɭһֻ͵㣬ľ֮ߣֻҪһͷһɡ
ÿµֶΣ
΢΢ĸ̾һ
䡭
ڿռ֮ը
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Ҫˣһ·ϣػ̣̲ɶѡ
˵
Ҷȴھȵĺܡ
ողŵ̶ֳ˵ĻԼҪȥֹҲҪķһҪʮεƼӳֲſԽԷ飬ȻСûжöٵʤٶѸͣ죬ⶼҪߵֶβſֹġ
̵赭дȴԷĽ׵Ĵˣȫǲϵʵġ
棡
ʥ㻮һ˵·ˮĻ棬ϵŤâ֣ͼҪںУȻ󳹵׵ѹ
ߣʥȻ£ӵĺҲǳصģӹ
徹Ȼٵıŷһɫ֮Уеĺ滯һ磬Ȼ˿ûԥĳŶԷ˹ȥ²ϣϵݻΪΪԴķ֮
ɲɱ䡭
Ҷ΢΢һ
漴ϿȥȻڶԷ棬һɫĲơ
ʴ֮ˮһﾹȻԶð֮ˮǿΪ˵ļˮ֮֮һ棬ʥµĺܣʴ֮ˮǻɺ̶ܴϵĴġ
ʴ֮ˮҶȻϵõģʥڼ˶ԷϵĲ֮Ҳɫ΢΢һ䡣
ʴ֮ˮһִڿµ˺ȥںϣƸൽ£Խ鸯
涼ѺͶԷ
ѹһﾹȻ˵ķĳӦñΪˡ
Ҷ΢΢ĵ˵ͷ
ܹʥа壬Էʵȷʵǲ򵥡
˵λ
ͻȻĽе
͡
ߵٴεıŷ
ԵĽӴ֮ȴ˺
ɱȥҲһ°ɣǵҪĿΪǱ񱦲أ˵λ֣˭Ա֤·ƽ̹ģ
һԻɫĳҶ쿴һۡ
е˼Զ
ߡŮˡȻһֱڽ䱸ңĸӦ򵥰
ҶЦ
ʥɫ΢Ҷʵǿ󣬼ԼһԼսģɵģΪˣҶˡ
С̣Լ˰ɣӿûκε飬һ˹ӵģСõĲҪ̽ӵԣȻ˱ˣȴҲ
ʥɫݺݵһ·Сϱϣƺû쵰ƤҪģ뵽ЩٿѾһίʥˡ
ؿһµûţҪѪˡ
ߡȻ˵Ķ񻯣Ǽǰɡ
ʥĺһ
ͣ£
ҶͻȻĽе
ϴһĨصɫǰ档
֮˻ûü۲һΧĻ
һƬԵıȽϾ׵Ļǻɵȴģ෴ĿԿĺԶԶ
ڿһ֮ȴûзʲô
ҶɫһأоһɱϢһֿµٶڳ߳
ÿµϢ
ʥܿɫһ䣬ʧĽе


1148 ٸ
ϣ
֮
룬ںһ𣬷·һʵ̫񽣣ң
ҵƣֹǰ̬ÿһε𶯶쳹˵궼̲סĲ

Ĳҽʼ֡
λϵֱ۵ĴǿߣĲҽ
Ť˱ĵز
飡
һը춯˲˵ɫʼı仯
Ǵʱȴû˿Է䣬ǽĽԼеһֿµѹǿеĶԿȥ
ɾ˵ѹʵ̫Ŀˣ˵Ժ֮пʼֳһҵΡ
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Σľ˵ǰʼˣҵΣκεһλǿ߶޷ȥȻĶԴ
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ɱ
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ʱʼ趯
ǾڰȻ˲Ļɱǿߡ
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ǿ߾ȥ֮˵˫ĿſµѪͷϢƻӶȻ˲佫Ѫʼٻ˹Ķ֮һȴִŹаĲڻͷ˳
һ޴а󷨡
Ҷ̲סĿʼ
ǺεȲңһζεӰȴɵĿڳˣоһɲҵѹڳԼѹƹ
ߴ˵ĲЩ·ǽĽ֯ײ
ÿһεײЩµữĽҶ˸оԼ϶Ҫĸо
üĺݺݵһһ̫ʮѪһλӤļԦ£ɿ趯Ӥӡ˫ַ˴ĹâһķչֳʱĿʼܿʼ
εѹʱҶһŵɢȥ
Сġ
ٴε˫Ŀǰ֮Ҷ̲סľһ
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Ҷŭʱ˸оԼԺ֮еĻʼɢȥ
ǵǰ֮ϵʱĿʼŷ
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ȭ
ʥ˰ŭһȭͷ˵ѣһĶϲ㣬ȻһµĻ籩֮ǰЩĴڿʼɿɢ
Ϊԭʼ촷ۣ
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ӹ
һ޴󽫷Բǧ׵ķΧ׵˳ʼ趯Լĺ濪ʼĽ
桢ˮߵı˲ɱΧ

˵̲סĿʼһ
Ȼûܵ˿Ĵˣ뵽˸ղŵվǵб̲סһֿµĺ⡣
лˣΪӻǻᱻһȺ˸ɲзϵġ
˵
ʥȻû˵ɫҲ΢΢չ˲٣жҶĽ䱸ȴһε鿪ʼӵǿ
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Щʲô
ǰЩڣһλǿ̲סʵ
Ƶϴף˫ĿſµɺѪĲеĳ˸ž˵Ĳ䣬һϴŽߣ
ϵϵݻΪһ·ÿһ·Եùӵ˼¡
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ʥͻȻĽе
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һɣ
µĽɣħ֮ٲп֮ˣȴҲűٸɫġ
µĴ˵Ĵ˵ʼĳ˵Ժ֮С
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νıٸҪķһ˵Ȼ󽫶ԷѪͽԼɽʯһ󽫶Էʣµһ˿С
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Ϊٸĳɹ̫ˣ͵Ŀ¡
һսʿѳһɹıٸ
ǰЩıٸҪĶٵսʿ
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ﶼ̲סĽе
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ˡ
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Щٸʵǿ󣬵ȴẦҼǵǵ壬ȴ᲻ϵ
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˵Ǹɱǣ
һλǿ̲סĲ˵
ٸôǿĻǿ£εĽɣȴҲᱻӵħȥʹõģٸҪػЩٸ֮УһһλֻҪǽЩɱЩһͻ᳹׵ʧȥġ
ôıٸǸ޷жϳٸڣôĻǰ壬ôֱӵɱȥĻǻղӿǸоˣлŴΪıٸ
̲סĽе

Ҷĵ˵ͷ
ʲô飿
ʥͻȻĶҶʵ
һ˶ʱĳҶ쿴ȥ
Ҷ˫Ŀ΢΢漴ĳȺٸȥ
ЩٸȻȻǻܶ࣬ʱѾΧ
ϵֿµĲ·һʩչĻ˭Ҳ޷֤ܹһµġ
ҸоЩԾ
Ҷָ΢΢һָһ˵
Ǳ


1149 ս
ʥɫ΢΢һ漴Ҷ쿴ȥҶ쾹ȻĿҵԼҪģʥжҶĽ䱸ʼһµĲϡ
ˣĲΪأȴһɺƴϢ·һӣӵĴұıٸΧһػУӦǱˡ
ɫ΢΢һ䣬漴Ŀȥ
ΧıٸǱڵĵطûп϶ΧһɫıٸԵ棬ıٸ㲻һ
ǿߣһȺٸѲǱǿеĴĲɣ
Ҷﻺ˵
һ˲ɵ뵽ˣǼԦ쳹صȥƿصӡ
ǰԵͲпֶΣ˿ûκʴȿԡ
񿴵ĳҲʲô֮
̲סĽе
ܿҶٴε뵽ѪԷʹõ壬㲻ԭǱǿеĽеġ
ڿĻǱĶЩ˸û˿ͬԡ
һÿµֶΣ
ıٸҶаԵĽе
͡
һڼױٸͻȻĻ֡
ֲʱķ·ըҩһĿʼų
ϣ
ıʼ
ģȺһҪˡ
̲סĺ
ȥǼһɱˡ
ʥﻺ˵
ӿ֮ŭ
£ݺһֻ޴ٵγɣ֮ϣӵĻûɫˮ
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屩һֲ
ʥȻ֪ǰڰԼҲ˿Ľ飬ϵȻʼһ˵棬İΧסԼ塣
ˢ
ռ˺ѣһץһٸ

ĺȵ
ʱһ޴ıɫˮʼ˷󽭴һ㣬ӿм󣬸չԼݣ֮һе谭ǿе˺ѳΪƬ
ߵʵ޲ǿ֮Ȼһ֣µƻǳ޷󵽵ġ
󡭡
ҶͻȻһ
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˵
еﵽ˴ںΪǿ𣿡
Ҷ쵭˵

һɬȻǶ⣬Ҳ˽⡣
֮ǿκεһλǿ߶˵ϴΪǿ
֮ռ֮ʱķ򡭡
ЩΪǿĴڡ
˭ҲûһĽޣܹ϶ЩΪֲġ
˵һ޷㶨ĻǶ˵Ҳһ£ڻʱ䡭
Ҷ΢΢һΧһ˵˵
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Ҷû˵
ֱӵŲǰȥ
ΪԼǿ𣿡
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񡭡
Ҷ忴ͥŲÿһε̤·̲سһ˵â
¡¡
Ҷǰ
һֻ޴Ѹٵİȥ
͡
һٵıٸȻҶ󳹵׵ѹȥ

ĺȵ
ǿƾҪۼıٸҶĺȻٵɢΪ촷ۡ
һǳ׵ɢˡ
֮ŭ
ʥȭͷ衣
һִʥ㡣
趯ѸٵͻƵ˱ǰ
Ǿʱһźɫ׵ıٸȻվ
ϵıķ֮
ϣ
⣬ɭȻķâʼչ˳
͡
ž˵ĲһŻϢ·ͻߣʥ
Էٶ֮죬ȫĳЩѰٸ
֮𣡣
ϵȻһ٣˲֮УȻһ˵̡
Ϊ񱩵֮һʱʥʢŭ֮£ʱĿռ䶼ǿе˰
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͡
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һֻƣɫĹâһۿȥῴ۵ϢǺεȵĿֲ
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ʥɫ䣬Ѹٵȥ
𡭡
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ЩǿĺɫٸѾİΧ
ЩٸҲǱٸ֮еǿߣʵڴǾĳ̶ȡ
Ұ֮ȫĿԵֿһʱ䡣

漱ٵĻһ˵˼λڼױٸ
ʱҶȴ·һ˼Ŀ޷һ㣬û˿ı飬ȴƺŴȱ֮ġ
ÿµֶΣֻӵߣȴѹ·һλ½ϵһ㣬һﵽʲô
һλǿ̲סĽе
µļһ
ΪȻ˵
̵΢΢һ漴ڿҶ֮ҲʼЩŹ
֮⡶ԪƿѾﵽһµĲΡ
ʱʩչ󣬱ԭС
֮Уһ׵ۼʼѩķġ
ۼ֮ϡ
֮
׵ķ׵ĺۼ׵ķġ
һеһУľۼһʼûһ޴Ĵӡ
ⴸâķĸΪ׵֮ۼɵġ
Щâ˸ÿһ㹻ıһ˵Ľ
𡭡
һŭ𴫳
ʱһâ˸
ǺɫĴֺݺݵغʥĻײһ
һεײ֮Уٴεһɫ׵ıٸѾ˵ǰ
Ǳ𣿡
΢΢һҲӿǰĲ
ʥҲĽԼ뵽е֮С

֮
ߵȻı
𡭡
ﱩŭһ
֮Уһ߿ʼγһ
ЩȻӡ
ÿһӡɫ˿ߣ·һѪһ㣬ȥ˵˼¡

ĺѸٵĴӶԷͷ˳
ɱ
ŭȡ
Ҳﵽһ۷塭
߱ǿ֮ʱһεȵ죡
ʱֳεƿʼ


1150 

һ㡣
ռ䶼һֿµƵʣ˳ɰǧΡ
˾˵֮£ѣɽ緢ԲγһƬ档
׵Ĺâ˸
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Ҷ졢ʥߵĶ֮ϣеԴԴϵ룬γһµķ
𡭡
һŭͻȻı
µ·һ̳׵й˳
ãһȻ˵ڼȡΧٸ
ʥͻȻĺ
Ҷ֮ۿʼâ׵Ķޡ
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ɫӰڷļȡΧſ֮һеıٸٵĴԼ֮УһΪ漴ĿʼԼıԴ֮뵽ĺ֮С
䱣˧
Ҷ˫Ŀâ˸
ƻӶ
һµӡΪһ޴ɽ
¡¡
򡪡ѹ
ʥҲӦ˹Ｑٵĺ
ĽһѸٵĽԼעԼĺ֮Уٵ»Ӷ
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ߵﵽ˼¡
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ʵȻȼѾﵽ˴Ǿĸ߲㣬ҶߵŬ£Էû˿ķܡ
ʵ֮Уκεһ˶ȥӦǰıȴҪķѴ
ʱķѵ̫࣬κεһ˵һ¡
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ֺ纣ĲаԵľ赽˼¡
ʥȻµ̶ȣΪߵ໥ĽϵĻѻ뵽һﾹȻصô
΢΢Цһ֮ҶȭͷݺݵػΣʼ׵ס˶ԷԴ
Сġ
̲סĽе
ҶһȴҲû⣬ȭ仯ǴŴݿ̬ƿ֮Ѿһһƿ
ۡ
˺ѵɳǿеɵܡ
ǱʱһӲҲʱΧһж׻ָƽԭڳڿʼٸҲ漴촷ۡ
ɢ֮С
Ҷɫȴʱ΢΢һҲʲôһâѾշ˳֮С
ϴһ˿ɫȻâ̲֮źǿ֮
ת˿ռ֮˸Ŀʲô

λǿߵ̲סĳ̾һ
һڵĸ㶨ˡ
񱦲أռأԷԵ˵֮˲ȵȥΪǵģһǼȻҵĹأЩٸĴڣӦػĹصģڲȥˡ
ʥﻺ˵
Ҷû˿ı顣
ʥ֮ǰ϶ѾĻһ̶ϵ˽⣬һȴû˵һʱ䣬ҶȻ뵽һֿԡ
һ֮ôȫΪҵλ֣Ȼʹȥѹеĵˣʵǿĺܣղϵʱ򣬱ԸоǺǿհ²ˣ˵ʵӦǿµ˼¡
뵽Щ֮ҶѾԵĽ䱸
˵Ȼ֮Ҷǿᣬʥղɢһɾ˲Ҳ㹻˲֮ˡ
߰ɡ
Ҷ쵭˵
ʥû˵ȴȵǰȥ
̬߰ٴεĸֳ
СģӸоһѾˡ
Ľе
ҶĵͷһĺøвСԵĻҶѾаԵĴ´ˡ
ԷƢǺܹԼĿζǻûи߰ӣȻƢһЩȴˬĺܡ
žžž
ŲΧĻѾʼ鲻ɳѵĺۼ
˲ԼĽϣƬռ֮УԵø
Ҷָһ
ʱһöŹ֮ѾԼС
΢΢һ뵽Ű˲ͼ֮С
ҶǱϵõı
ȻػĿܾǱһö˻ڵĹŹ֮ӦñǱеġ
ҶȻûʱȥ򣬵ȴ
СȥôǾ˵˶Էļֵ
˵ãһңҵջ񽫻ġ
ҶаԵ˼
ʲô
ʥͻȻĽе
ֻǵǰһλ޴Ӱ
˿˿ɬ͹ϵϢڶԷϲϵơ
ϡ
нУеĽ䱸ʼﵽ˼¡
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Ӱ˵ǰ
ǰˣ
ʥ̲סĽе
һŮԵ
ӿȥʮĳ̶ȣż־ǿ
ѩɫǺɫϴ˿˿Ŀ֮ɫһλ˯˰̬
ȻϢȫޣǶԷֹϵȴת
ʲôˣ
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졭
ʥͻȻŭȵ
ϴһĨµɷֲϢ̲סɫ΢䡣
΢΢Ĺݣ
ڡТͽؼҡ
ϴһı֮ɫŮӹص˵
Т
ĸ֣ʱҶߵ̲ס¶˹Źֵɫ
޳ܰ޳ܣӼ޳ܵļһȴûм˻ô޳ܰ
̲סĽе
ǱӣҪŰ˲ͼʥ⡣
еĳʧ£ȴû뵽Էö񣬱еһſµľѧ˵λҪ֡
ʥ˵䣬˫ĿѾҶ쿴˹ȥ
ʥһߵĺð
ûеȵҶӦֱӵѡˡ
ǴʱҶûȥһϾԷĿʼ˵ĺףʱǸû˿ȥԷ
ǵԷŮһöɫʯ֮ҶߵҪ
񡭡
Ҷݺݵ˵
˸ǴҪɱˡ
ˮ֮ԪصѧںʥһҪ෴ı̲ľѧһĿ±̲صĻ֮㹻Ľһݻ١
һĶǺֹʮ٣ǾССһöʯȴ˵صǶôľ˰
лλˡ
ʥ֣˵
ѾһǷı飬ҶǺ뽫쵰ˡ
ҶĵõһöĻΪϵߺϵıҲǺֲܿġ
Ѿ޳̬ܵȴҪԵİռˡ
ꡭ
̲סһ漴ǵǰȥ


1151 񹬵
߰ɡ
Ҷ൱ˬ˵
ʥҲ֪Լһεıռˣһö񣬼˵൱ģԷĿ³̶ȣ㹻Լʵɵͻȼ
Ȼǲѡ񽻸Ҷġ
õһöʵԽܶġ
̲ס˵
ҶȻĺԼϣǻ֮ҲҪ֮ģԼҲ٣ڵȴû˵ʥԼ֮϶Ҫ˺ģǾʹһö񣬻֪˭ء

һ΢
⾲׵Ļ֮УԵø
Ҷ΢΢һ֮Уص֣Ȼһ˿
ô
΢΢һҶѾоĲʲô
޵ϢдŸ߹˫ӦϢ
ʥ޵ѪΪһ𣬱˵ҲֻСѡ
ء
һ
Ƿ·ǶħĺХ
ΧϢʼа
ϡ
һλǿеı̲סķĲ
ÿֲĲ
ʥĳѸٵĻӶһγ˻ϣػǰ档
һεѹʱıѹȥ
Ӧ֮γɵĿֲаħ
˵һĹâǰ濴ȥ
аħһּаһԷסĻͬܵǧֲͬĽĳ֣ζѪҺת澭׵ıаһ־ѧѧȴֻмаŻʸʹãôõʱˣһϵǰˣаûɲġ
Ҷĵ˵ͷ
ڻ̵Ļǿ϶
ȷʵаεǿ󣬵ȴҲԵĲôõʱ䣬ڵġ
ϣ
һβʼ߳˹
ȻЧڼǿ


һ˪Ѹٵᡣ
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ȻԱס֮ϵĲþжô˵ı
֮Уǿ̲סĽе
ߡ
û˵ȴ¶ĵ֮ɫȴûа취
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ˡ
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ʱ˾㵵֮УһбĳžȻѸٵı˺ѣȻֻ˺һΣ˺ѵٶȻڼӿ졣
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͡
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裬֮ûи˿˺ǲϱȡһ˿˿֮֮޵ѪԸǿֲҲẦ¡
ڶԸЩ֮ȴɵĺܡ
һ˿˿֮ǿеȥϵǿʼøӾ
̶̵һǧҵ·̡
ȴǿе
Ҷ϶оԼ֮ʼɵĳ̶ȡ
ʥ̬ʵĸоˣһһʮš
Լֲٶȵġ
ݡ
ٵƿʱѾǰĺɫ̳֮ϡ
һɫ˼µļ̳
·һ˿˿Ѫ·ɫĶһ㣬治ϵߣĲ
ݡѪ񡭡
ĸһȫչ˳
䣬˿ǵǰħħࡢޡȵս
ǲҵ̲סһɺ⡭
ҿ֮ǰѾһľڵһʱ䷢˲Ծ֮㿪ʼ䱸תԼϵľѧ
΢΢֮УȴǿĿѹס

ʥŭȵ
𡭡
޴֮ޣ޿ʼŭǾ޴Ļ಻·ﵽףǧ׵ĳȣһĻ棬Ƿ貵Ĺ⻪·һһӡ
ŭ𣬴źȻ
εа񲨶Ҳ漴Ŀʼɢ
ķģΪѹ̳ӡ
˵
βƴſֲ;֮˷ɢȥ
ʥһȺİǻ˵Ϣǵע⣬ԭʥ壬Ǵʱĳ£ʼа쳣·һֻֻħһ㡣
ղŵֲǿ˺ֹʮٱ
ڸоʥߵ֮ȴ·˿һ㣬Ѹٵĳɢ
߾ߣô˵飿
ʥһƻ棬ٵĽ串ǣһ˲֮У˿֮
ƺĳĶ
Ҷ˫ĿͻȻķһĨĻɡ
̳ǰһƬڡ
һ䵽˼µɫ
һ£Ӹо֮£ǿֲԨ˲õĶš
˵
ѵ˵
ʥͻȻĽе
漴һӡǻ˹âٵĳ֮ϡ
Ǳƣűӡǣ
¡¡
һӡں֮󣬶ʱɫļ̳һ춯ص֮һʥַĹĴԨ֮˳
񹬵
ҶлĽе


1152 ħ֮
ʥַ
ҫĹԣ޾ٹ⣬޴ķģ·صһȫΧЩ档
ķ֮УµĹԲ˸ÿһε˸ǽ⹬Ⱦĸءʥƥ
񹬵Ǳ񹬵ϵ֮Уᵽ񹬵ıأһ޴ĹȻΪıʯɵģʯǿǶˮ֮ǿôϹʯʱסԽٶݻʮֹĳ̶Ȱ
λǿߵ̲ס¶˾ȵɫ
ƾȻ˵ûӡǵĴڣ˸޷̳ĿأǱ񹬵Ҳᱻõġ
ϴɫ˵
ȷʵˣڿ̳֮Ǵ񹬵֮дݳģǶԷȴƾֶΣһ˾޴ĹԨ֮£ǺεȵֶΣڵԽĺ棬صıﵽжˡ
ʥϴڴԾԾԵɫ˵
ҶͻȻû˵˫Ŀ֮УȴŷǱѰĲ
Ȼе뷨ҲǺǿҡ
ҶΪߣ˸޷顣
񹬵̫ʯҪģ̫ʯȫĿԽԼϵˮ֮ٴεںϽ뵽һµĲΣʥϵʥҲǵõĻϵˮ֮ͻ֮ӵƻ㹻ϵĶ֮򡷴ﵽһµľ֮УǽʱĻʥ֮϶һδսģҡ
뵽֮ٴε΢΢ĿһһĻ̣еɱ񱩵ǿ
ŮҲΪһУһξ޴ۣһҪɱ
߰ɡ
Ľе
¶˷ܵɫ
ߡ
ʥһ
ڼȻѾ˱񹬵ҶôҲͲˣʥѾʼĻɱ⡣
ǲܽԼ䱦˵ģȻвԼԼϺݺݵһ⣬޷ͬԷĴڡ
ߡ
΢ϵϢɢȴԵӵľ޴
Ҷû˵ǶһĽ䱸ȴʼøǿҡ


ܹԡ񡯵ĳνεģԷǿ󣬾ԵһǿĴڣһλݺؼ䣬µǿߣҶһıҲڴĺܡ
Էıأ±֮Ĺص˿Ҹӵľ
壬ֻϲռǱȴһԷܹıÿһżֵǵĵز
Ҳڴĺ¡
һˮ֮ﵽ˼֮󣬲ŻֵĲ
ʥǿ
ڽӽ˱񹬵Լǧ׵ĳ̶֮һɿµĺѾʼɢ˳
һ־˵ĺ⡣
䣬˸оԼĹ趼Ҫʼȫıһ㡣
֮ϵϵתʱռʼٵķڡ
Ƭ֮УԵûа취ɹȡѰ֮صĳ̶ȣҲֻǿܹۼԼҪ
ڵĺܣԱˮ֮ȻĺܣȴҲû̫ı仯ǻ̺ʥǻ֮ͶԷ໥Ŀơ
ʱߵΪЩǿ
߱Ͼһ콿
΢΢תһ֮ϵֲֿѹҲ漴ļ
ܿѾһ޴ı񹬵
һԼһ򳡵ô
̫󣬵ȴҲС
ǰ֮ţ˵ıҲ΢΢ĳһ
ϵѹʼ𽥵ļ
Ҷ˫Ŀ΢΢һ
һ棬ȻҲһķĵĿ̻
⹬Χķศɡ
⹬ȻҲһ챦˵ƵĻǾԵĿƳΪһ˲õı
ڵˣֻҪǵõһӵʵͻͽĽչģʱĻӵĵȼԵĿԻЩϲİ׳ǡ
ϴ˷֮ɫ˵
ڻǲҪȥĺá
ʥͻȻ˵
ʲô˼ѵ˵ҪӲţ
ɫ΢䣬ĳʥȥ
һɿµɱ֮ʱչˡ
ߡ
Ԫ൱Ŀֲˮ֮㹻ӳԭǿһʥɫЩѿ
ȴЦ˵
õĲҪҽа壬ʵȻ﷢ӳ˱ҪǿʵȴҷϣһţΪšǱľѧһƿĻᾭԼĻع鵽Ϊԭӡޣ
Ҷ΢΢һ漴֮ۿٵķ
ȻӴһŵ˲䡣
һɿֲѹȻ˲ĿʼдʱĲҶ˲Ļ޵ɢ˿ռ֮С
֪ʥ˵ûд
ţȻĴһžѧ˵ҪʱķſʩչģѵĽ뵽̶Ȳɣ
ÿ˸һξѪҪҵһ
ʥͻȻĽе
ΪʲôҪǵľѪֲǵġ
ˬĽе
ߣǻõе䱦õĲҪˣУҪľѪǾõġ
ߡ
ɫݺݵһ䣬뵽񹬵䱦ֻܹݺݵһ
Ȼ˵þѪʩչаԴﵽ˺Էֶβ٣ȴԼʵǵСֶοȥҡġ
ҶҲһɢŹӲľѪ
˵ľѪʼںһ֮һӡʱĿʼʥпʼ֮ϡ
ǡϹʱΪϵӡһѵ˵ٻ
ɫͻȻһ䡣
𡭡
ŭ֮Ѹٵĳ֣Ļˡ
˺ѣһֻݵצȻ
һֲľ׽쳹ʱһߴ׸ߵĺӰǰ
ħ֮塭
Ҷ΢΢һ鴤
ħ֮壬Ƕħһ֣⣬ĴԪռ䶼У龫ͨڰǿǣΪؼǣԷûġ
ǲ壬ǽǳ׵ѹס֮ȴҲ˺˿
⿴ǿĴڣȴһȱ㣬ԷǺǵ΢ǲħޣҴڵʱҲǼյʱ䡣
͡
ָ΢΢ָһʱһö۴СľѪٵ뵽ħ֮ϡ
ħ֮塭
Ҳڵ
ı֮ԼԷĴʱ䣬һڵʱ䲻̫Ķ
Ҷ촫˵
ߡϣСҪŪС
һ
ħ֮һֵǵڵҲ࣬ȴһǿı죬ƻĽֹȻǿ󣬵ȴƻġ
ʥ˵
ǾʱҶȴ΢΢һһѪƺǷĳı仯


1153 
ʲôо
Ҷɫ΢΢һ
ǾѪ֮Уһ˿꣬Ҷʵ죬ȴҲ޷ıһ㡣
ǾڸղţǸоˣԼһ˿꣬Ȼǿеĸѹ
֮ۡ
΢΢һü֮У֮΢΢ſ
ʱһеĴڣƿ֮С
ķģ޲ǰ
ڿЩ֮Ҷɫ˲ıѿ
ɷ
Ϊĵĵطߵµķġ
ɫķ棬ɱⲨһ֮УһξѪס
õĿռ֮УԵޱ
νɷһֿµķģɱⲨһչĻƿһ˵
ǱźµҲ˿ġ
˿˿ķģΧİסеꡣ
ֻҪʥԵĶһԼͷҶԿ϶ԼᱻԷǿеĸѹסġ
ʱĻȻ㲻ϿԳ׵ƿԼһУȴԼ
ʥĴ㣬ҶεȵĴϻۣȻ˽⵽˶ԷֶΣʥǴ㽫ԼεƿǸʱȫԼԼԼ
ߡ˵˵ĻȻĻɲСΣǶ˵ȴ㲻ʲôҵεȵǿᣬȫĿƻЩģǲʥ֡
Ц֮УҶ֮ѸٵķһǿĹâ
âΪʵ֮ﵽЧ
͡
΢΢Ĳ
Ҷȴ˿û⣬Ϊؼʱ֮У㽫Լ˻
һξѪû˵¸Է
ߡʥħ֮ȻǿᣬԵȴҪķѾѪģ˵ĶԷֻһɶѣģһǶҵĿζһԵ
˼֮УҶĽǼһ;ѪҲ˻ȥ
ֻǷת˲֮Уʥʵͨ죬թȴҲ뵽Ҷ̥Ȼ֮صľѧӲ뵽˿ƳԼɷ
ȥ
˫ֽӡʥﵭ˵
ʱõҶľѪ꣬ʥѾ¶˵ĵ֮ɫ
һжƿ֮Уû˿ԶҡԼˡ
뵽Щбޱȵĵ⡣
СЦݣġ
ʥǵЦݣ̲סЦ
ŶԷ̬ʥɫ΢ȴû˵ƣ
ĵɣ꣬ҵɷʱĶյʱĻҵūҵҪ㵽׻ʲôֶǰ
ߡ
һ֮ʥ˫Ȼһơ
ħ֮壬ǿֲӰȻ˸
Էǲ֮ǿĺܣ˲ƿΧķһѰ֮ϡ
Ķ
ŹȻһֲĲ
·˸ķƺǸоĴڣ˲ѹ
׵磬ϵ衣
ÿһεֿµһλ֮ǿߣǴǿ߰ôһ£Ҳܵشġ
ڴħ֮֮ȴ˿ûвκεΣ
Է˿ʩչԼŵ˿κβסʩչΧĵѾǿеѹ

˫ٴεĽӡ
ʥﵭĺȵ
¡¡
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ʱޱߵĹâ·Ϊ貵Ǻһ㣬
ĳʡ
̲ء
ҩϵɢ
ķģ·һľһ㣬ÿһεĲΧĿռı֡
þ˵ϢǿҩÿֲеĲ㹻ҵĲ⵽ǺεȵģӶҪ̲סĳȥˡ
̲סĽе
Щںһ𣬼ǿʥֶεˣҲȥ׵ǣҿħ֮ãĻǽӴȥ»ᱻǿ˲ġ

޴űǿеĴ򿪣ϼ⿪ʼ¡
裬չᣬ׻¡
µľǳյĲơ
Ȼһ̣һڹ͡
ߡ
ʥĺ
̵ϴʱ̲סһ˿ı飬һֱԽԼεƿסĿ֮ˣʱȻ˵ĸıԼ˵ص䱦ﵽһεĳ̶ȡ
͡
˵ٶȷɿ죬Ѹٵ֮С
һĴǰ
ħ֮ҲɢΪ˷ĩ
ħ֮ɢʥԵЩʧۣϾħ֮庱ĺܣҲǾεʵ֮󣬲ٻôһ
뵽ԼҪõģһʧ䣬Ҳ˲ʧˡ
ȻǺ֮ŭꪣǴ˵֮кϵҫҵĺ涼Ҫǿģ
ϴžϲɫ˵
ǰǳɢɫĹ⻪ϵĲȻǸоص޼Ϣ
ǾŹۣ֮ǵȼǿĶħŻֵħۣһںϵĻԵеͨöַʤħĵȼߵףﾹȻšģ̫ˡ
λǿҲ׷׵Ľе
һ֮ŭꪣʥˡ
ʥﻺ˵
һҶüͷ΢΢𡭡


1154 ̫ʯ
ӣ
ɫʱһı䣬漴ĳʥ˹ȥǱޱȡ
ıǱʥģһ֮ŭꪣаķ򣬸ӵĴǿǿһı˵лһһֱԴԽɵĻ϶ĿԽԼʵﵽһµ۷塣
˵ʱϿʼԽĽ
ʥ㣬Խ㡣
˵ʱϵֽѾ˵ϼⶼҪ鴤
ߡôĿʥĻΪԼ˵֮еʥ֮Ӹõõģʲôʸӡ
ķ
̵̲סĽ߳
һž˵Ĳ
ӷ·ǾҪһ㡣
У̣һ΢ŮˣڵȻ˵ҪǿĶ࣬ɿ㣬Ϊı̫ӶˣǷ˹ȻǿĺܣǵĹҲ˵ˣߺߡ
˵ʱϱ飬ʼøӵ
ߡ̵飬Ҫ˵õķЩҪڱʥǰĻʥ㣬һڵġ
ʥĺȵ
㻹ڵʲôҽ֪Ķƿס
ʥĶҶȵ
ƺǻʱɣ㻹ûеõ̫ʯҡʥƺǺĹϵ֮ǰһѡԼҪı
Ҷ쵭˵
ߡ
ʥɫ΢΢һ
ʱŸоԼղƺЩżˣԼҪĿģȻΪ˱񱦲أΪؼȴΪ̫ʯһõ̫ʯĻκεıԼȥӵеġ
õĸʵ㣬ûҲӡѹ㡭
ʥŭһ֮漴˫ĿĳΧ˹ȥ
ʱ̵Ľ䱸ס
Ҷ쿴ﻺĴ
漴ĽʥղŵΪԼѪ;˵˳
ɫ΢΢һ䡣
ڿҶ֮Ҳʼ¶˾㵵ɫ
թĻ쵰СȻǲǸȻҶ˵ķߣֵܣԺӵֵˣ㲻ֹһεİңһݵĶӼסˣһһʥߺôġ
м˵
ҶѾ͸ˣȻ˴ϸȴһԽ֮ˣҶȱٵĲֻԼʵǿĺܺͿµİ֡
ļ壬Ҳ˺ܳʱˣԺͶԷĹϵ֯һĻԼİν
Ҵ˼Ȼ˵˸ղŵǻȻҲǶԼǿĺøУֻҪ˵ĻԼȫĿȥ˵Լѣܵѡ
ֵܣˣ
Ҷ쵭˵
ߡʥһο϶ҪԿġ
Ц˵
ʱʥѾѰ̫ʯ
Ҳ˿Ľһ׵ĺ֮ŭꪷɿĴ
ڶԷʥĲ⡣
ǵ궼ɷ֮ѹţֻҪתԼؼȫĿƿǣȻ˵޷Ǹɱȴ˲Ŀסݵʱ䡣

¡¡
ɫˮ֮ʼ
Ǻ֮ŭ֮еĿֲ
һֿµĴڣͱһ㣬֮УҲһ񡯵ۣԷǿȻǿɼһߡ
˵Ҳһǿߣڴ˵֮Уƿش󺣵һˮ֮ƿأ̼һ޴硣
⺣֮ŭꪣĴ˵Ҳ
бվɱ޵ļء
Ȼֻһ˵Ҷȴĸо⺣֮ŭЯ־˵ĲһֺԼõ徫Ѫ֮ЧƵĲ
ҶжϵĳǶԷûնɱޣǿҲնɱ顣
Щĵȼ͡
ɫĺ֮ŭꪣףѪûиɺԣ·Ǵӡһ㣬͸˿˿ѪۣǿֲѹһĿʼͷ˳
䣬Ҷо캳صѹ
һ˵ȻʵʣʼڶԷ߿ʼ
ӣ⻪ԵԽ
µĳп϶ǺһֱԴӦòһ˵ͺһ£ҲΪԭ˵˵ǳ˵ĻĲôľںģǶ˵ȴƾƺͶԷںһ𡭡
ߡ
оı仯ʥ̲סȴɵûֹ
Ҷ˵꣬ȫգ˵ĲҪȥġ
ǿɣԽǿ󣬶˵Խ޴ļֵ󣬿£ǻΪұۣ
뵽Щ֮ʥ϶ʱ¶˿ĵɫ
ҡ
һ˿ĸо͵ĳΧ֮У漴ŭһ
ӿһֻ޴ʼ̤㡣
Ķѻһľʯ
ȥһֲľʯɽ
аĿ㹻κεһλڶݵʱ֮бﵽһΪġ
ʯҲӴʯԾʯٵħڵľ˵ȵȣʤ
ҡ𣡡
Ʒڵ濪ʼһֻ޴֣֮͵Ļһ޵Ŀռ䡣
Ȼ˺һƬռ䣬ҽ䳹׵ˣ
ҶĽе
ϵľ֮ɫ޷ڸ
գѾһ˿ˡ
ΪҪռ˽̶ȴﵽһ˵ĵز
ʥԵľһˣȥ˿ĲϣȴԽƳʾ˶Էǿʵһž˵ֶΡ

һ󼱴ٵʼ쳹ʱĿռڲϣ·֮䣬һ޴ľʯɽ·һ̶Ҫȫıᶯһ㡣
ЩʯѾﵽĳ̶ȣϸ޷ʥļԦ֮£ԷȻԽЩµľʯ˲ȥ
ĿռƿأǱѰǿ
ѵ˵
Ҷ쿪ʼֻںԷĶǺܿȴ֪һﵽǴʲôˡ
ʥȻԼĿռڵ̶ȡ
Ҷ찵ԵжϣļĿŶԷĶ
ǡ
һɾ˵ĺ⿪ʼı
һöԴСľʯʱĿʼ¶˿֮У
˸ĺ⻯һʵ̬û˷Ρ
ռһ̶ƺҪסһ㣬ǿеıѹסˡ
ž
һöӵӡγâǵ̬˵ϡ
ʥеľʯɵ֮ûĿռģ
Ҳһ̣ϵȻһ󱩶


1155 һᡭʼ
Ϣ񱩣ˮ֮ȫĲһдһͬĿ񱩣·һ޴Ķħڿŭһ㡣
ԭӵ뷨ǴģͬԵˮߵںȻӵʵﵽһǿĳ̶ȣȴԵĲʺӣˮ֮ıԴ⺣֮ŭ֮бҪһˣֻҪǽƿص֮һжȫĽ
ϴŷɫʱ˫Ŀ仯ΪΪı֮ɫ纣䣬հ͸ӫ˸·һµʥһ㡣
ϵ·죬ΧĿռ䶼ڱ仯Ī⡣
һ˫Ŀâ˸ʱĴ˿˿ĺ⡣
Ϣһ̴ﵽ۷塣
ԭľѾﵽ˴ǾΪʱõ˺֮ŭ֮󣬸ǺеıԴںһ֮ϣÿһļⶼˮ֮˽˺̬ʼй˳
žžž
鴤ڣ
ﵽ˴Ǿľ磡
޲ĿֲƿʼôĴӾ˵Ļǳʥ֮⣬Ϊǿһһ
ǿʵϺ;ϡ
ҶҲòϣԼҪ㶨ԷĻҪķѵҲٵġ
Ҷ쵹ǲ¶Էͨǿ߶ȥնɱӵĲҪ˵һλǾˡ
֮仹һͬĵˣ֮ǲ˳Ϊֵģ
ǿᣬȻȣǲǽеעϣǽԼҪľŵʥϣϸ˵ڷǰһöԴСľʯ档
·Ļơ
һɹɿµĺƲϣ·Ǿ·İΧУ䣬Ҷ춼Ըо⾧ʯĲ
̫ʯ
Ȼͨ𣿡
ʥϴŷɫ
һ൱ĵȻڴʱһҲ˵¶һĨ޷ڸǵļ֮ɫ
ʥ֮Զǻԣһںһö̫ʯĻǵΪͻͽ
ĵ·ȫĲһǵ·ӣ˵һˮ֮·ӣҪתԼ֮еĻ̫֮ʯںϵʱĻǵʵᱩʮٱǧ
˵䣬һöâǵӡǿٵıǣʥϴŷɫһ޴Ĺ׵ѹ
һжҵˣҵˡҵūͣҵ׽֮ˣʥǲǵġ
ʥĺȵ
ıķ裡
Хڣ
ħ裬аݺᡭ
֮еǱǿǿеѹ֮󣬸޷ǱĿ֮ΪԼĴУԽԼΪȫԼĴ֮ˡ
֮ϣĹ׭壬صķģһһĿʼֳÿһĺۼΪһֿµĲǿ˸оԼѪš
ʥҲ¶˷ɫ
ĵҩÿһöɢŽʷʫ̣ʥʥࡣ
챦ŴܣȻ޷һһȥζԷǿ֮ȴɵĿԸодŵľ˲
ʣЩҿٻǿߣΪãʱĻʥڴǾȵӣ㵽׻ʲôʸͱʥλƾʲô
ʥڽҪˣľѾﵽ˸ĳ̶ȣӲ˼¡
ڵ֮ȴ޷ıΪ΢̰
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ҶĶߴ˵
˫Ŀұ䣬ôǿħڷڣȴɵıűġ
Ȼ⺣֮ŭꪵ£˶׵ˣһǿҵĲıԴĲֻĵ
һĥ
оһĸı䣬Ҷ첻ɵðԸ̾һΣõĺôҲǱѰˣڵʥ
Ҷȴż
ȡ㲻ãĻõĻΪʱ򣬵䵽͹ȣҪģǻĳ׵񡭡
Ҷ΢΢Ŀһۻ̣˵
һ˲ֻҪԷɱõıʽˡ
ѡһȫʢ۷ʱڣŶԷĽԷеΪеλϣݺݵشһǱûᡣ
ҶĻжʱĸоһֺӿ
ǰҶ죬ʵǿµ˼¡
Сӣ
̲סֹ
Ǻܿȴ¶˿ĵɫ
ϲʥȻҽӵɷѹǺεȵĵ죬ӲޣʵǶԲӵʧ
Ļʵûд
֮ʧȥɣͷ·ӥնȥ˫ᣬ˵Ǿ͵ڣԺʧȥ˽׵ĻᣬǽˣԺĳ̶Ҳ൱޵ġ
Ҷû˵ǽԼĿ⳯ʥȥ
Լ˰յʱ䣬һбصһöâӡ֮ϡ
Ǳбء
ɡ
ٴεĻ衣
ʱģһֲǵչѸٵħͣһ񹬵Χ
ʥȻǺֶΣĳ񹬵һ˲õĹдſµıʯ죬ĻԵĿԼʵﵽһͻͽĳ̶ȣ⻹һֵĴɱ

΢΢ĴϢһ
ôǿҵʩչʥЩԲˣɱɵƣ룬Ϊõˡ
Ҷȴ˫Ŀ΢΢
ֻԷǰһö̫ʯʧȥ˱񹬵֮󣬺ƺ˵õͷţøӾ
̫ʯ̣ڵĵõˣǿԼݻˮ˫ԵںϣﵽԪһľ磬ʱΪͻͽ˵ҸӿԶΪһĻԴƻԵİǸǻҪںϡ
ʥޱڴ˵

̵ϴϲɫ
ȷʵȫĺܡ
ʥС
ֻҪ΢Щ˱ܵشص˲䡭

ĺȵ
ѸٵٻԼķ࣡
޴ķ˻

Ĺâȵ̫ʯʱҲٵı뵽ߵм䣬ϵϢһ̴ﵽ۷壡
͡
һĹâγʵʣʼߵߣϵȻ
ڣĺ˲佫Բ׵ķΧ׵ֳΪһƬ硣
ÿֲĺ⣬ÿµٶȣ߾ȻԽ̫ʯ׵ںϣû˿ɬԵߵԽ뵽ˮ齻ڵĵز
Ҷ˫Ŀâ˸
Ҳһ̣忪ʼ


1156 ʥ
һԪڣһеһУͳͳɵɡ
ʥĺ
ԵĻ֮ϵɣǾ޴뽫Χ˲ƿأһķ˻һһֻķ˻
ạ̊́
ʱ΢΢Ŀϣʥַ
֮Уһ߲ѴʥϢ֮ϣ֮ϣ濪ʼγķģÿһķĶһֲĴ
һǿ

֮
һƥ
û뷨ͷ˷࣬ÿһ𶼴Ŵܡ
࣬ǻĽ壬ǿǿķʩչͨԹͨأʩչԼѧ
޵ķ࣬ǺصһнϵĴڣһ˿һǾ˹񹤰ĵ̣ϵ·ÿһľ塣
Ｋطǿᵽ˼£ҪͻƵĻҪķѵʱ佫ǳ˵Ҫô֮ı￪ʼѹںϡ
ѰıѹסѰķǻ󣬵Ƕʥͻ˵ߵķ඼Ϊ˵ޣϵٹ⣬ҫ
Ҫѹסϵķ͵Ҫǿ˼µıЩ˵֮еı
̫ʯõһ֮һ
ֻǶݵʱѣϵȴڽڽϵȥ
һֲĻʼγɣͷһĳͣǲ쵽£ǸʱҶ켴ҪʥԿҲҪķľҸûоԵİտȥȥġ
ϵ棬ҫŹ⻪
̵Ľ߳
¡¡
֮ϣµķĺС
ѹ÷Բﳹ׵γһĨ
͡
͡
ֲĹ⻪ʼͷų˲֮УѾһг׵Ķ
־˵Ĳڷڣڲܡ
Ҫʼεںˡ
ʥϴڴɫһ˫ĿǴĹâẒ̇ƺǴ޾ڴռС
һ˿ڻ̵ȴƺû˵һҪںһö̫ʯǾҪԼ໥ںһȻϵĽӴǶڻ˵ȴɵĲϲ
͡
ֲ˺ԽǿᣬʱѾ޷ȴˡ
ߵ棬âޡ
һ̣
͡
ֲ˺ͻȻĴ
µĲӰ˸
ȭȭӡ죡
һŭͻȻı
˲֮У·Ϲһ㣬Ѹٵĳ֡
һʱΧĿռ䣬һֻǿе˺˳
ǿռһµĺۼǿеʾ˳ɫĹ⻪˸ϣ׵ɵ˲ı
Ҷˣ
Ҷƣӡȭ趯ֳ׵ıŷ
һȭȭӡ죬ϵȭȭ⡣
ȭ죬ŵأϵҫͱƵ
ڵҶȻ뵽֮Ϊϵķ򱬷
֮򡷴Ȩƻıŷ
ʱҶƿأǻ˾֮ϵһ㣬βڶѾһƬء
ƺƵ㹻κεһ˿ʼе
ǳ˻桢˱˪֮ס
ںһ֮󣬺ƺƵ̬֮УҶѾ׵ҪʥܵѪĽѵ

趯Լĺ֮ŭꪣ
֮ŭꪣһµȾǿߵѪкâ˸ħһ㡣
󺣵ӿһȫڹ͡
߾Ȼѡʱ֡
ͬһʱ䣬ҶѾ֮ϵâӡԼס˲ӵԼŰ˲ͼ֮С
ǲһһĻġ
䡭
ԴС̫ʯ˺ѵǿգ˲Ĵɳһࡣ
ҡ
ʥɫ䣬ŭ
ڷޱȵķ
޷ţ
ҶȻôǶȨƣǶ裬ܹܡ
ɡ
֮ŭꪷѹ׵ķڡ
ң

ͽҪ췴ɣ
վԶһˣʱĿʼӦ˹ŭ
ǵҶ쾹Ȼ䱦âӡǶ֮ǵĸĽͳҲ漴ˡ
ߡһ޴ľСӣ˭㶼ˣ㣬ʥ·ȴƫƫѡĵ·ǾȻ˵ţʥҪǺڣ׵Ļںޣ
ʥ˫ץһ⻪ӡǿʼɣôݵʱ䣬ǴʱȴΪȡһ˿̫ʯҲһЩ
һεĳ֮УϵҲղǿĶ࣬Ǵʱ˷ŭ֮УָӵĹϡ
ɷ
ϴŷԹ֮ɫʥĺ
𣡡
ɷΪµֶΣͨԼƿص꣬׵öԷɢ룬ǲȴҲ˲ʧȥƿ
ŭʱɷʼ֡
Ҷȴ¶˹ЦݣĲм
䡭
ߵ׵ѹ
ʱΧĿռ˼¡
һпʵֻǷ˶ݵʱѡ
ǻȴҲûзӦ
ôܣ
ĽȻĴ
ʥ޷ŵĺ
ֻǰҶԭŤʹڵϵˣȻû˿ĸı䣬ϵѾȵǰǱԭӿ񱩡
νɷڿʼʱ򣬽ǵľѪеֶ𣿲˼ǣͿˡ
ҶЦ˵
䡭
ȭͷݺݵشʥǰ

ĺ֮ŭꪸǻ˵ҪʥԴ
һ˵еĻʥ˾ԵĻܵشġ
ͼڣ
໡
һȴһֻ޴̰ǻ͵ʼ裬Χǿ߿ʼĳˡ
ȻһȺȫĶ֣ȴסҶĶ
ӡ
ֳֻȥ
ռʱٴεıѣһ󺣵ݳ
󣬳˲˺̰ǻ
±ӣҸ׵ˣԶĲҪ˵Ĺ
֮ŭꪺݺݵػ˴˵Դ˲佫ࡣ
顭
Ҷһץס̫ʯ漴ĳۿ裬ȭͷ֮ϣȭȥһٴεĽʩչλǰǿϡ
ۡ
µ֮£˵̲סĿʼѪ
Ǿôݵʱ䣬ʥͻȴѾߵĽΧ
Ļ쵰쵰ǾȻ˱ƿءСӣ㵽˭
ʱˣ׵ˣ


1157 սʥָ
Ϊµ飬䣬ʹ飬ӵĲʧܡ
ķ˼ͿҪõԼҪĶһ̣ȴ˸ǿеŤ˽
ʱʥı顣
ԭһж֮УֻҪǰĽչʼչɵһö̫ʯҵõ̵ĺøУǻöԷϿɣ̵ݲ򵥣ĻҲӮĺøк׷Ѱ
ˮߵĽϣǿᵽ¡
ǾڸղţҶȴǿеĴһеķʥһ𣬳׵ķˡ
˫ĿųɫĹ⻪ݺݵضˣϵıһʯļӲ
ɱ˵ĻҶѾԷĻɱˡ
ϵ˰Ŀֲ˵ɱչⷽԲʮﳹ׵ֳΪһƬȵƿ֮С
ۡ
еĺ֮ŭꪺݺݵ˦һ˵ٵһλǿߣԷ˲ȥ
˿û棡
֮ŭꪵȻǿᣬӵʵѾﵽ˴Ǿĵ죬Ⱥ׳գĻӼһɱһɱһ˫
ĿŽʣµˣϵıεȵĿºš
ղŵһȭİԵĳʵ΢ڵʵһ֮춼㲻ϣһҲֻǸոյĽ뵽˴ǾΪˣھȻͼԣļȻҲٹǲҪˣǵļﲻ壬ʶĻõĸҷŴ㣬õһУԹԵĳΪҵ£ҵūͣĻȵʥ֣ǸûĿܣ
ߡԲѵĶΪԼʥ֮ڵõһ֮ŭꪣʵʵﵽ˴Ǿĵڰ죬ҲẦġ
мЦ
һ뿪
Ҷ쵭˵
ðСӣչ˺Լˣӵʵȴػס㣬ϵЩҲȥҪˣЩȻǿᣬҵõ˺һִУڵľ粻ܹӴЩȫˡ
Цźȵ
⵹ĶЩﲻ⣬ΪҶŴεİԼһݶ飬ϵĻԸǲģκεıȽϵĻʲôûȽϡ
Щպˡ
Ҷ콫һӴ
Ŵĵҩõϵġ
һһս˵Ҷǲġ
΢ϡ
һ˵ĽԼıظϷˣлһµ̫ʯʥ˵嶼ʼ
ƣԹƣ˿ûнԼϵı֣
Σ
ûԷǶҶʵ
Ҷ˫Ŀ΢΢
ʥԷϴǼʥԼźܴãǡƻ򡷣ǿԼġ֮򡷵õɳıԼԷϵıõĻǻԼʵͻͽġ
˿ʥﵭ˵
Щ˽ˣһңҪĶ
һ϶ʱ¶˾㵵ɫԭǴȥӦԷģҶȴʥʹȨȻ𾪵ĺܡ
СӣһаʽֿסȻҺͱʥԿ
ʥɫޱȣŶԷɫʼó鴤
õһ콾Ȼ˵˻һڻǺεȵ裡
𣿡
̲סʵ
Ȼһǿ󣬵ȴҲ㲻ʲôѵˣѪε𣿡
һ̲סһΪҶĵֿſ԰Ȼ뿪ȴûҶѪĴսѪǿĳ̶ȣʥǿĶ࣬棬ǹϵĺܡ
ðɣȻֵĻӾԵĻ㣬ɨȺ˵ġ
ϴڴɫˡ
ѿ¶˲Ц
̣ȴңҺܿľͻ㶨΢ϵģ
ʥɫ쳣Ż̿϶˵
Сĵ㣬Ҹоһﲻ򵥡
̿Ҷ죬˵һ֮Ҳŵŭ⡣
ļƻҶߴˣеŭȻҲûʥ㣬ŭԼӣǸоҶ첻򵥣Էǰ׳գǺʥԿ飬ɵ̲סһֻĸо
ߡС϶ѣʥĲϣ
䡭
ҶȻ̤Ѹٵǰȥ
ң
ʣµλǿŭǰ
ӹ
ĺ
еĺ֮ŭꪷ˺ص֮·һľ޴һ㣬һɿµչ˳
ʥ֮ʥ֮ȭ
˫ȭӳʥѾٵĳҶ˹
˫ȭﵽ˼£·֮䣬˫ȭĿռ䣬ȵŤΪ˵۰̬
йǽһжĲơ
ҫ
ϵĽɫ⻪ʼͷš
Ҷһ޴Ļƽսһ㣬ϵĻƽԣչֳΪʥҫ
֮ҫʩչ˼¡
˿ûԷ˫ȭӣֱĳȥ
ҫ֣֮
һǿе˺һգҶ·սһ㣬ٶ֮쳬󣬼ǿʥĳ̶ȣȴҲ̲ס¶һĨ㵵ɫ
ҫֻ֮ʵʣͶԷĻȭݺݵײһ
ʮơ
дĺ
֮ϣ·ʼչ֡
Ĵ

˵֮£ʥʵͨ죬ȴҲû뵽ҶǿᾹȻﵽ̶ȡ
ǻȭͷȻҫֵ֮ѹ£ѸٵĻޡ
ôܣ˵ʵͨ죬ֶξˣһﵽʲô·
ʲôˣΪʲôԵֿס˵Ľ
µļһһѵɣ
λǿ̲סľ
ǵԼɣ
ĺ
еıɫ֮ŭ꪿ٵ趯һȦȦˮƣˮƽÿһ˾˵Ч
ҫ֣֮
ҶٴεĻӶʱѾʥǰҫ֮Ѹٵƿ˶Էϵ档
޴ָÿһŻƽķģȼհ̬ǿľˡ

ʥ̲סŭ
õһ콾һµĴܣţţȻһСѹŴѹ˵ĵطǱ˵֪Ļڣ
ʥ֮ʥָ
ٵչƻһָһָǿеհȥ
𵴣һɿµ쭷绯ǿγ˵УݺݵɵҶҫ֣֮
žžž
ҶϵƺЩܲסĿʼһ̣һָ޴ָѹ


1158 ʥ
һָ·̲ϵҫ
ʥĴ߶ѣֱѹԱһɽҶж׵޵״̬
䣬ضеԪ޲ʥĴ߶֮£ʼ۳Ϊǰһָ
һָ㹻ǧ׵ĳȣƺƵ·ǹעϢںһᾧǽصһоǿеļǰָ֮С
ʥָ
ʥָһﾹȻĽʥָ˳
ɫ䣬廯һ޴ͼǰֹ
ǼλǿߣȴƴԼȫεؽȫУһ˿Ļᡣ
ӹ
֮ŭꪷ趯ɢˮ֮ͬǺˮΧһѵĶޣ⼸ȴ֪Լã˵ȥĻ˵ãǵǾʹó档
ֻҪεؽֹʥԳ׵ѹסҶ졣
ɫ䣬ƾεϣϵɢΪǿĳ̶ȣ⼸ȴ·ǲηĻһ㣬֪ƣ룬˺ǿеѹסĽŲ
ʥָĵ顣
νʥָ嶼൱Ȼһžѧ˵˴ɾ֮󣬿ʩչһֵ޵ͨ
ޣǸ߹ǿĽ塣
ʥָҲǸݻһžѧһʩչ޵һ㣬ſµķƥ˼¡
оԼǰѹԼҫ֮־Ȼڴ˶ԷʥָԵ˲䣬㳹׵֮ҶϺ¶˾ȵɫ
㹻Ϣѹòȥ
֮ϣ߶Լľѧ
ҵҫҵһУȻ㱰΢ˣǱʥó裬ʥĳ裬ֻѪܹϴˢˣˣ
ʥĺ
һʥָǱʥľѧ֮һӵϵܣ죬˼£ȴҲֻ³ڵ϶ںˣ뱾ʥжԣһжˣûкڵĻˡ
ʥŭһָٴε֣˵壬ȻȾһɫϼ⣬·һʥ°̬
ۣ˾ȻתԼﵽ̶ȣ֮Уת۵ҲڶеǼ˶ѣСˣľ߳ôΣ΢ĴڣֻܹЩ߹ĺĵǰȵ˻ɱС֮һֵľˡ
һλǿߴĺ
ߡ׳ա
мĽһ
ڵƿǺ֮ŭꪣȻһ˸׵˺˶Է
Ҳһ̣ҶҲˡ
죡
Ȼ緢һƬʼγɣ
֮ϣʥĸ߹ҶһʹϵҫɫĻ棬ɫĻ棬ںһγһµס
ȭȻӶ
ȻҪͽֵȥӴʥĽǺεֶΡ
СӲҪ𣿡
ɫ䣬ϵĶӵĻ˿缱꣬ҪЩ˿ٵնɱ
Сӣܷ֮ų⻪
ʥĺ
һָȫҶ壬ٶ֮ǳâ׵磬ҪѸ١
ţһָȫĿԽҶ˶ѹȥġ
ֲĺʼ쳹ΧĿռųɽͷŰĿֲѹ
һĻվһĻ̶̲ס¶һ˿ɫ
һ޴޻Ѿı󣬳Ҷ¶˳ɱ
Сˡ
Ҷ첻ܣֱӵĳŶԷӲ̬еһ޲˵뷨
˵ֲ²ӣҶ˿û⣬ڵֻǽԼеעȫķ˶ԷϣӰʥָ׵ĳ̶֮
ҶȻļ١
ʮ֮
ʼ쳹
չֳ
¡¡
ֲϣĽ£ͷųֲܾȻ˿ûСڶԷ
ҵİӡȭǾֵļӳ֣ڷڣ֮ڿ񱩣ҲǻɷȮĹѪεܹҶԱȣ
ȭȭӡ죡
һֻٴεʩչӡȭľѧ
־ѧһȫʩչһ
ﵽ۷״̬κεһΪ֮
ҡ飡
ʱҶ磬Ϣ׺˼£·һĿһ㣬µ߲γħ̬ŭ֮ע֮ƺƵй
䡭
ȭȫȥ˲䣬ʱռ䶼һ޴ķ籩
貵˼µ̬ȻĴ˫ȭ֮лȥ
˾㵵֮Уĺʥһָȫѹһ
׵Ŀռ䣬ֱӵıѹƵѵĳ̶ȡ

ֲײһȫй
֮ϣ·γһοµ籩һ㡣
֮ϣ˸˸㾪˵һָ··һϹŵһ㣬֮Уһֵ֮ͨȴҲ˲Ŀʼɢ
䡭
ߡ
һξҵı֮֮ϵӰҲĳź浹ȥ
һĻڳ˶ʱ̲סĿʼ
ӿõ˰
̾Ц
㾹ȻԽ
ʥ޷ŵĽе
ղŵһξ˵ײ˶оһ˿в
⵽ǺεȵľѧȻԼһоѧ޵һͨܣҶ֮ȻһĨΣտֲĲ
Ҷ˫Ŀ纮񽣣ĿŶԷ
΢΢תԼʱڵѪڷĲľ֧ţܵˡ
ȼϵĲ࣬þѧͿ׵ĶԿġ
ʩչʮƵҶȷԼԵ޷ǿʮӳְ
ڶԷ֮лһɡƻ򡷵ڲϵƻԼĽҺҶоԷġƻԵûԼġ֮ɵļӳԼ֮УǾʹˣ
ˮƽҲˣ
ҶЦſʥĳ
ˮ׼ֻ˵Ļߣʥ֮Ҳˣʥ֮һ֣
Ҷ첻ϵĴ
ʥҪĲ
Ҷ˵裬˲ʥ
ڷһԾ޴۾ʥ
ԭԸǿߵģȴΪһҪѪ֮ˣ
Ҷʥ˵
漴˫Ȼİգһһٵĺ
衪롪ʥ


1159 ս
֮ڣɽڳ
Ž㹻ĶҡһƬء
Ժյѹ׵ӿ
ʥһҪˡ
Լѧ
Ҷ˫Ŀ˿˿ĺ⣬ĿŶԷһ޴񽣻ȻС
תʱ󶴳ذ
ʥʥȻһţȻĽһžѧˣ˵֮УܹһΪʥľѧɹˣݹʷʮˣʥȻɣһһʮĹ
૵
ʱΧֻʣһλʥ£ʵ죬ȫĿԽȫնɱǾʱȴŹֵķ֣ԼһԣȻ֪ʱٹļһ
һӣһ̫ۣһֻ޴ĺɫèһè۴ŲЦݣʱߣǱʮơ
һ޶֮дд̬
һʲôʱֵģ
д󾪣̲סĿʼ䱸
ٺ١ЩһǵϵǺлǧ꺱ϵѪҺǿ
ӲϵĴһǿóһı
Щǿ߱ǺĵӣҵλͣȻЯıνǺĺܣֵҲΪġ
˵ϽİɣүǺæ
ӵĺè̲סĽе
漴ͻȻϽʲôһ㣬ĳ˹ȥ
ֻһּ𾪵ڿŶԷ
ͺèڿڿԼ֮໥һۡ
漴¶ƵЦݣ
ٺٺ١ҪģǺһģǵѡ
ŹֵĿߣ̬ʮǿ˵һﻹһĽЩʬϵıԼĿռУҶôôѡ
䡭ɣ
һŭ𴫳ʱԼעʼǰ档
̵뿪Ҫˡ
ҶĴ
ƺƵһ㡣
ߡһεܹӦˡ
ĺȵ
漴һӿٴλǽʣһλǿ˺ѳΪƬ
ˣûģϽ뿪ɡ
źèٵٴɨһλǿϱĽе
濪ʼ档
һִŰ׳ɫ档
Ȼ֮һﾹȻԼĻﵽ̶ȡ
ʥһִ˵ʷ֮иûмأΪ˵һеˣ޲䡣
ֻƬȴǴ˳
˵ʥǾںһֻԴ޵Ӷֲ
ǿبŴڵĿޣŸ߹仹ǻ֮ޣӵƻʮ㣬޵㹻ʥڵʵѸٵ
뿪
Ҷ쵭ĺȵ
֮Уϡ
һʱ䣬ǰҶ·ǳΪһľ˺Ϳֲ
˿ûԭֵȻƽ뵽˼緢ľһ㡣
á
֪ΪʲôƺǸоǰҶȷʵԼֶΣԷŲҽɵģȫԼİҡ
͡
ӰٵıѸٵ뿪
뿪Ӱʥδ⣬ĿҶ죬ϵɱŷϡ
ϵɽ纣
ΪʥĶû˿ķ𣿱ʥεȵţǵǵ˼ڱʥǰޣǳĲΪǣڻɱ㣬ʥʱĿҵǳ׵Ļɱ
ڡȥɣ
ʥ·ּ⡣
һ޴ٵɡ
𡭡
ŭһ޴Ļ棬ٵľۼɣ
֮𣡡
׳ɫŻϢҶ졣
֮ΪֲĻ֮һΪⱾͲƿص˵ġ
Ҷ̵ĸоԼǰһ˵ѹ
һ޷ֿѹ䣬һɻԷյһһ㡣
ʵϣҶȴ˿ĲĻ棬ϣûиоʲôԽԼĻ֮ȥ
֮ȴһɾ˵ƻ֮ûа취ȥĮӡ
ƻ򡷣
ǶԷġƻ򡷣
ɱ
ŭһĳ⽣֮ͲȻĳ֡
ǰһһʮţһһµţԷ㹻ѪΪ֮ӵĴڣҶڽǸоǰ֮˻Լɱﵡ
ȴһֱûа취ʩչ
裡
Ȼ趯
Ҷ쿪ʼˣ
޴ĳ棬˸ž˵֮˸ͶԷϢγԱȣ֮ǳ֮֮ˮ֮ҫ
ںС
Է֮Ȼ˿ĲС
ѣ𣡡
ȵ
һȥνݺύĳ˻֮ǰ

ʥﲻмĺ
֮ϣһ˻ϢķĿʼǡƻ򡷵
죡
쵽˼£ҶİȻȻӿԼٶȣһεٶȼӳǳʥ
¡¡
һ绮νȻתγ״Ĳ˲֮Ѿͻ˶Է档
ֱӵĺͶԷ֮ĺײһ
֮ҵȫĲѷɫ㣬񣿼ʥ֮ҲὫնϣ
ҶĿһ
潣˽һ磬Ȼļӳϵơ
ʮٴεĲбŷγһ޷ľ޴
һ̣طˡ
ҵĻ̲ҵ棬ǴȼգһεȥᣬȴҲ޷ҶԿ
ʥϴŵɫȻҶͻ֮ΧʾЩȣȴû˿⡣
֮ԽڲĺģеԽľˡ
Ҷ쵨ѡԼӲӲⴿ
Ǿһ̣ɫȴ׵ĸı
Ҷ徹ȻѾͻԼ֮ĺġ
ʥһ֪С󵽵ģ֮𣬸ҷڣ
Ҷɫ䣬һֻ޴ƾȻ֮ĺ֮չ˳
棬ȴž˵ĺ⣬·ⲻһֻƣǺ֮֡
ＫطǺεȿֲ
Ҷ̲סĺ
ҲʱƾȻݺݵץסҶİѹͷţյڡ
䡭
Ҷ屻ǿеĴ˳ȥ
ʥȥɣ
һֻٴε趯Ȼڿգһֻ޴㿪ʼ̤Ļ֮ƣҶ塣
ߡ
˫ĿȻҶϾȻٴεӿһɹ
һ˫ſµĸϢ
Ȼѹ㣬Ǿͷϵɣ
Ĵݣ޷ڸǵš


1160 
㣬بŲ𣡡
ӵ˼µ֮Уų޷󵽵⾳Ҷ㻰˵֮꣬ϾȻ貵Ĺ⻪⻪֮ǻҰɫϢϢа˼£·һبŴڵ̫Ŵħһ㡣
ǿҵĴ̼ϡ
һֻȻıҶĴ
֣֮
ʥû޵㣬ʱѵѹ֮£ȻȻվƮƮһûз˿Ϣӵķ·˰ĸ
װŪ
ʥĺ
Ԧޣϵڣ罭ˮʣ֮εǿ졣
һһѹĻϵһнΪӵе˫Ȼ֮ľѧǿƾ֮Ϊҽа壬ֱǳ󣬲£һˣˣҵ޻û֮Ѿﵽ˼£ǿֲֶθȥֿסġ
ʥϴŷɫ֮䣬ǿǰҶѾԼǰΡ
ЦݣǺεȵ졣
ǾʱҶȴȻһЦݡ
á
ʥĺ
һǿҵĲʼгֲ֣ڼΪʥʼеĳˣţõϵĴУĹϴ˵ϸ֣ҫĻоȴļԦ֮ǿʼŨ˼¡
ô£ΪʲôҿԸоǿҵϢ
뵽˲䣬ʥɫ׵ĸıˡ
ҶİǱ仯Ϊ˻Ұ֮ɫΧ·γһƬ磬ʥ߰ԩڷŭĽħȵȣ޲ڷĲҽ
䡭
֮ǿеſȻ˲ʱ̣ǧ׵״̬
̡
޴޷쳹صŭŭ֮ȴһǿҵİ
һֻ޴ĸ֮־Ȼϵľ޴׵ĸΪޡ
ն
ʥھ㵵˲䣬ҶٴεĶ
Ǻεһ
ʮ׵ľ޴·ħצգն谭
ʥֵˡ
ҶЦ
ʲô
ʥɫ䡣
оҶĸı䣬ԭֿ񱩵ʱȴ仯ΪһĨǿƻĲ
һֳ޷󵽵ľ˲
ϡࡢƻ
ĸںһ
·Ҫһг׵ĸһ㡣
֮ӣҲẦһУҡƣ
ŭٴεĴʥٴε׳ʮʥĻ澹ȻԼĽҶĸ֮ǿƿ̬
ⸯ֮Ҷĸ֮ĸ֮Ҷ֪ԷӵõΪֹֻ֪ԷǿĺܣڸղţȻԶĿʼӿһɾ˵Ҷ죬ƺǶʥ൱ų⡣
һħʼԷʥ¶˲̬һȨȻ˰һ޶̬
ȻĻӶȥ
ռ˲仯˺ɫĳӣǱȫ̬
ƻ򡷣
ʥٴεĽԼķ֮˼¡
Ǿ޴󶴳أңңķΧԿеӣоеĲͿֲѹ
ֳֽݺᣡ

ĿֲνȻ˲û뵽ڲ
ôܣ
ʥĺ
ת˲֮ѣȻǿеĸ֮һ
ҶΧ˲γһ޴Ļ𺣣ȴڿҶǧ׵ķΧ֮Ժ󣬱ɢ֮С
ûõģڸĲҵĶ֣ҵ󵽵ġ
µ˼£ҶȥƿصĻնɱʥҲգ֮䣬ǿϧǣ޷ȥƿء
ǼˣȴҲ㹻ˡ
Ļ棬˵û˿ãҵȫĿȥѹɵķҸӵϲ
Ҷﵭ˵

ʥŭ
䡭
һɹƿʥķҶȻڿգ񶯣һն£ʱʼŷ

ʥ
Ļ棬ȼ˾죬بŵǲ𣡡
ˣ
һ޴Ļ
ߡ
ŭһȻĴգȻ̼һƬĿռڲ㡣
һնΪѵĻ档
ڵĻ֮һʱĵ
ǿҵĸоҶ쳤Хĳ嶯
ǰ̵ʥϵ˲䣬һɿµȴ
𣡡
ʥغ
ã
ҶȻĲ

һ޵е֮һǿǼ棬Ҫ
¶ĸоϵļǿ
Ҷ޷ŵĿŶԷȻ˺
⾹ȻʥɱﵣԷȻ

ռ䷢˽ѡ
һԹ̬ʼ֡
漴Ļһ޴Ļ翪ʼŤת
ÿһĿռƬȻǿеѺȼ
Ȼ𣬼ҵĻ֮ǿޱȣҵȴҲԵ޷ĺͶԷġ
⵹Ҷ˶Էʵǿᵽĳ̶ȡ
بţĻ棡
ߵĽϲ޵УΪӽԪ֮еıԴ
ѹƻ
ɡ
ʥɫ԰ףıһӵֳУϡ
һֹϵ֣ȻΪϵ֣ǿҲֻǱҶƣһ޶Ĺϡ
𣡡
һϵġ֣
ѪӵĴһȼգĲȥϨ㹻κεһλǿһ˿궼ʣģһôƿǿĻ棿
Ҷ̲סĿЦ
ǴʱѾûлȥ˼Ѫˡ
Сӣ㾹Ȼұȵڵĳ̶ȣĳǿ󣬵ǿҲϵľѧ棬ҾҪҿһУõһУȻڽյң
ʥٴεĻָԭĸ߰ƿһǴ޵һ壡ʥ㣡
ѹ
Ȼĸ֡
ǹϵġֶʱݻ޴̬ݺݵسҶһѹƹȥ
ȵȼգ·һ̵ʱ֮УضҪ׵ĵȼһ㡣
žžž
ҶһĲ
ڵûдﵽ̶ȡ
һĲ߱ģΪʲôʩչ𣡣
Ҷüͷݺݵ
ߡɱˡ
ҶͻȻ˵
ž
չɫչ쵽׵ĳ̶ȣ޴ĵһĺܣȴִʥϢ
ռ
žžž
ڷڣһɺĳ֣ѩɫĳķ裬һ΢֣Ҷϵ߿ʼѡ
һףĳʥǰ
ңңվԶĻ̣һĲҰס


1161 ҵģҵĻҵ
ѩɫĳһɺǶħ۾ףǻɻҲûȴ
ԭ뷨Ѿõ֤ʵǰ˾ȻҶ죡
ΪʲôΪʲô㻹Ҫĳ
̵Ľе
һʱѾɱ⡣
ɱ⻯ӨʵʣԵĻʱԵתĻǾԵĲҶĴȥģӵĲһ
Ҷ죬ڲϻָԼʵһ˵ĸǿ
ǿ󣬼ֱǳһ˵һ޷ȥ˿뷨
ǺεȵĿֲ顣
һϵоǾʹŴ˵ΪûаĿԻָˡ
ҶȴָԼʵһ˵ǿᣬû̸о޾ɱ⡣
ʱҶȴû˿̵뷨ڵֻŸκεȥʥѹ
Էǿ󣬾Ȼﵽ̶ȡ
ب˫Ŀ´ɱ
ǿ඼ȼմĿ棡
ռ֮쵽˼£䣬һֻһƬĺҹһ㣬ѹһеĹҫ
װŪ
ʥĽе
Ҷ֮еļʺɱٴαŷ˼¡
޷ȥеּʡ
ǵģڼʣ
δ뵽ĸо
Ǹ߸ϵʥһĴߣŸ߹ǿ
δ뵽ԼἵʲôˣڿҶ֮ȴ֪ǰСӵ̶ȼֱҪˣᣬȴԼ߱ǿȻĿʼ
ǲģģبŵġεֿܹȥɡ
ʥϿʼ¶ͷ̬ʱѾʼó׷ˡ
޷ȥҶĴڣӵ޷ȥϿҶĴڣµţֻɱԷ
ۼҪ뵽ҶǰͲһԽҶ˶Ҫˡ
̵ϴڴɫֻҪҶ챻ǻ泹׵İΧס֮󣬻ţҶʵͨ죬ȴҲֻķݡ
ɡ㱾͸ģΪʲôҪɣ
̵Ľе
һʱûյеֻǱɱ⡣
򡭡
֣ȴͻȻʱ򣬱
й
һ̣Ȼƾյľֹˣ
ôܣ
ʥ޷ŵĺϵļһ̶ʼó鴤޷ţ޷ţǰһΪʲôֵ˹졣
ǿǿԽϺͲ඼˲ɵĿ»棬һ˵壬ǿһĴͨǿߣҲ޷ȥĮӵġ
ڶԿҶ˲䣬𲻵ô˵ɵǾֹ
ôܻӣ
̵Ҳ̲סľ
һеһУ̫ͻȻˡ
ڣڳκһ˶ûа취ȥƿء

Ҷһ󣬶ڻ룬ƿ
ȥ
ָʱ濪ʼ
ôܣ
ʥ޷ţ
Ļ棬ȻҶƿأľѧ֮һҲΪǿ̣ȴԷ̻ƿ
εܹܡ
ȴ֪ʱҶȴҲܡ
ϾΪµĹϻ֮һ㹻ĺŵ׵ƣǹϵġġبŵĴڡ
Щ˵Ҳ൱ǿġ
ǴʱȴҲûڴЧѾﵽˡ
ˮʣʥǿежԼ֮ϵ
ߡ
ƺ
ʱʥѾЩܵصˡ
ղŵ㾪˵նϣѾЩ޷ˡ
һﻹǿ
ҶаԵľȲѡ
ʥѾ൱ˣǶԷǿеն˺ϵ֮Ʊػɾ޴ˣпǶԷȴû䣬ֻܵ˴ˡ
һʵԵĲô򵥵ġ
ҶȻһֵľȡ
ɱ
Ķ
Ҷ컯磬ٵıߡ
Ŀռ֮Ȼʩչ
һĿռ䱻׵Ķᡣ
ʧȥʥʱѾҶ쳹׵Ĵ˼£ȥֿ˲֮УҶ
ɡ

ʥȻ֪ҶʲôȴԸоҶϴ͹졣
еʥʱһǿʥĹ⻪Ҷ塣
֮ʱǴʱʥѾû˸ղŵ棬ʵӳЧҲɵĵزһʱģȥҶγɶԿĳ̶ȡ
ߡ
һΧ·ܵƿһ㣬ٵҶƿؿʼһ
Ķĳӿʼݻ
Ҳˡ
ҶﵭȻĺܣ赭дӣ·һ΢һ㡣
Ǿһ̣ΧȴȻĻһ֣֮ǵأ·һĴӣѹƵεȵľˡ
һ̣ѸٵĲ
⻪ţ
顭
˲ʱʥһĶ£˺ѣ¶еİ׹ǡ
ҶһУ˶оʹࡣ
ǻûеȵӦҶٴε趯ָɽݺݵѹ
Ҷٵ˸Ȼͬһ̫ɽ̬ݺݵؽʥ峹׵ĲԼĽ¡
žһҿˣҺˡ
Ҷ쵭˵
ǳ˵仰ʥ»һԷ׵ѹ£ǴʱѾ䵽˼¡
ϸǵ΢ΪСĳ̶ȡ
˸ֿҶĽ
Ҷ콫ʥߵ˲䣬˶Ҫˣɫ鴤ǿʼ̡
͡
̿ٵŤķ˻Ȼչ
ٶʧԶΧĿ˼֡
ʱѾоҶǿᣬڵҶĶ֣֪ԼֻĿܣʱûа취ͶԷԿ
ΪʲôΪʲôһǿ᣿
̵дĺ
кҩĻ϶ʳȥȻֵĽҶɱ궼ʣ¡
ġƻҿˡ
Ҷزס˶ԷţĻ壬˵
㡭
ʥĽе
һ̣һ˵âѾҶָϿʼƳ
ΪҲӵз򡭡ǿġ֮򡷣
ǻʥõˡ֮򡷵ʵȴޣΪԷòϿɣҲ˵Щĳ̶ֳϣֻǻһλˣⲻͬѰľѧ
һҶɵĻʥ֪εƻ򡷵ȴҲ޷ƿˣΪǿ̡
ҵģҵĻҵġⷨҪˣ
ҶЦ˵
ЦݺεȵĴ࣬һλһ㡣
͡
һâȻıҶʥϳ˳Ǿһ̡
ҡ
һȻ޴嫣Ҷɫʱһ䡭


1162 ŭ𣡣
ըף˲쳹ǿն·Ҫһ㣬־˵ĲϵĿʼƣľ˲ƿʼΧѸٵĵ֮ǲƷ·һһ㣬ϵĽΧһг׵Ľ顣
ǿ߷׷׵Ŀʼ㵵Ŀǲ񷣬ϴų鴤Ĳ
ʵԵ΢ǿߣ̲סĿʼ˵ϡ
ֿµѹĲǿԵֿסġ
ķ䣬ڽΧһȫѹ
ѹǳݣ
˵̬ЩѲ߶̲ס¶˵ӵɫ
ʵƣͬبŵˣҪǰȴҲĲ׽ɿƵԴͷ
ǡ
Ҷ쿴֮ϣǱǿеķѳΪľ˳̶ȣ̲סĿʼ¶˾ɫ
֮һСӣˣ㾹Ȼ壬һξԵˣʥģӱʥϵõĶһҪһ׷ҵڱʥȥıʥϳͽֻܹϴˢе裡
͡
һȻĳ֡
һצ
Ȼĳ
Ҷɺ쳹׵˺ѵʥ塣
࡭
ļ˲Ŀʼ飬ʱĿʼ仯ΪһƬƬİ𪼡
ʵֶ֮ͨ쵽˼£ȫĿʩչԼԼ滵µȴ൱žԵİգ˺ٵȥʩչ
ؼһҲԵõ
ʥ֪ԼеǿȻĲһ㣬ʩչؼʼµԼ塣
Сӡһ֪ҵĿºģ
Ҷüͷ΢΢
ˣ
Եʣ
ڿʼʱܹСһ㣬ȵķ֣ʥǿߵӡǵĻǾԵĻȵĽһﴦġ
ǿߣϱӡǣΪ˱Լĺ
ȻһʥսȴҲһƽʥսԼĺĵΪؼģܹ˲
ʥϣһӡǣԵΪҶġƻ򡷵ԵʣŻ˵Ĵ˶Էһӡǡ

ﵭĺȵ
ҶȻĻӶ֮ϣܳһ֮ѸٵİΧס˶Է塣
飬ҵҪǷֹҽƻȥ
˵䣬ʥ㵵֮Уһ֮ѸٵİΧס

һʵŭ
ǻɵĸ֮Ѿٵ뵽ľ֮Уͷ·ǲһ㣬ϵĿʼݣ漴ٴνΧһĸൽ¡
ϵļ⣬һĿʼѣɺԣ¶еɭȻ׹ǡ
׹ÿһɢžӨĹ⻪ʥţǸǳףǴʱǾӨİ׹֮ϣȴž˵ĻɫϢĻɫӣɶԷĽһ㡣
ҶޱĿŶԷӰ˸ٵıߡ
֮ϣ׵翪ʼչֳϢ·ǻһ㡣
˵治ϵȼգÿһĿռ䶼𶯺͹ѡ
ԵһλǿʩչϵͨڽΧһпʼȫ˺ѵѹס
ģ˭˲õļһﰡ
һλǿάϵԼǿߣ̲סĽе
֪һҪĵӱɱˣǿϢŻԣ⵽ĸģ
ҲǱѵ˵
ǶǴǿߣƵȻС˼£ȫΪֿԷƵԵʡ
¡¡
һ޴ƻ˳ɫʼ
·һ޴ǵһ㣬֮޲ʼ쳹˴̶˺ѺȼյһΪ֮һĻԣԷǿ֮Գ
һֵùǿߣɾ޴ϵƴ˲֮󣬱ɲл˻ҽɢ֮ϡ
Сӡߣ
һŭ𴫳ʱƿٵĳһɽ֮пʼչ˹ȥ
ﲻʥռĵط𣿡
ǰ˵ʥ뵽˴˭Ҳ֪һǴʲôȻأȴǱ֪ġ
˷׷׵
ѵ˵
˷Ӧ˹
ϵľ֮ɫʼ䳹
ʥ
ʥ
ѵ˵ˣͱ죿
࡭
һǿ̲סĵ
ʥһλĵӵٮٮߣźͶԷȽϵĻȴҲ㲻ʲôһʵɲ⡭
ѵ˵ʥˣ
̲סĽ޷ŵ뷨˵˳
ǵģǿߵǻſֲȼղʥĺĵӣѱǴ˰
һλĿգ֮ϣǵɫϵƣֳһ޴ıɫꪡ

ʱϴһ˿㵺͹Źֵɫ
һﾹȻĽʥˣСӿͱ찡ƣǻʯĳ̶ȣȥҲ޷æģϧСΪĶӵθڣôĻ൱ϧˣҰӼΣζԹ޷ˡ
Ŀջ
ȻҲڴҶ쵽ʲôǿߣ˵ĻҲҪסҶġ
ߡ
о֮ϣһֻ޴ƣҶ̲סһ
յѹ·ǳһĻһ㣬ǿϢ𺳰˷ݺϡ
ģ۸𣿡
һʵ±ѪʵҪֲȻﵽ˴ͨǵĳ̶ˡ
ǶԸһСС֮С¾һֻϰɣһֻ϶Ҫס
ϣ
֮ϣȻı
Ϊϵ壬һ߰壬ɢȴ䡣
һϵֻظҶı
ַ˾ŭ֮

ƻڻûа취ȥ֮δûһս֮ǿ߿ɲѪ׶ԸԷһɵɽҴˣ
Ǹо֮Ϸ֮Ҷ϶ʱ¶һɺ
꣬ǿΣеǿ߿ǲ
ϣ
Ĳ޵İԵʼڣ
һ㹻˾ϢϵȾ
ս⣡
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֮ϳһ𱬵ŭ
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ǰڴ˭Ȼ˵ĵ찡
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˵ϵĴ
һһŭȴĴ
ꡭ϶ҲʥսһͨǿߣԸһλС˵Ľ嶼ô޳𣿡
Ĳ˲ϯ˰ħϿȡ


1163 ׷𣡣
ŭ֮Ŀռ䣬һէΧǿնʼϡ
ŭǴص𺳡
ŭĳ֣еˣ̲סĿʼһԴȥ
⵽һλεǿļһſԷ˾˵ŭ
һĳ
˲񷣬գ̴棬ƺƵĽǧף͵ĳŶԷƿʼȥ
һٶȾ˵ĺܣ·֮һλڼԦ޴ĳƥ˷
һݵСɱ¾ĺˣ˵ķռıһǿػ㣬Ҳȥġ
ſɱϵ쳹ء
·һּ⣬ûκεһ˵ȥ
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ۡ
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ӦòǺĵĵӡǺĵӣ˵ֶΣκεһ嶼Ҫȥػġ
ǷּҵĵӣȴҲǿ̬ǼĻԵĻıԷġ
ˣڰԵĸ̾˲䡣
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쵰ң
͡
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ʮӰÿһſµĲΪ˵ǣʮӰÿһλӶƣֻƣǿͬһˡ
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Ȼ˵˵൱ĹѪȴûκεһȥһ㡣
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Ȼ֪˵ʵ϶ǲһǿģȴҲû뵽Ȼǿز
ԼÿһԼһֵ
ڶԷǰȴ·ֽһ㡣
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дĺ
ǹɾ޴Ȼ˲Ŀʼ漴ת˲֮䣬һֽٶ˺һգҪҶնɱ
оԼı󣬱һɾ޴Ļ·΢ĸһ¡
ʱһɻ𶾰ĺըҶһ
ȿȿȡ
̲סһ󼱴ٿԣҪЩ𵴺λˡ
һɾ˵˼µԷ֮Уÿһϡ
ġ
̲סİԽһ
ΪղŵٶȹĻһ̵ģ彫ᱻһﳹ׵ĸΧǸʱԼûа취ȥƿصġ

һ֪˶µĴɽǿеûʼǿеѹΪޡ
鷢Ĳҽȴû˵ɢǻһħϵĽ谭һг׵ѹס
ɽ˸ɺԵأɽƽأɽĲһǿе
ǴͨǿߣɿµϢҶڵĸоԼڵʱ򣬻ɱѪһô˵顣
Ļ쵰ӴܵĻԼĲһĶ֣Ϊֲǣһﻹֻһˣδ֣˵ʵ״ﵽһô˵ĵز
Ҷ˫Ŀž˵â˵


1164 뺣򣡣
һƬ޴ĺ
޾ˮ֮ƽĺ棬紵ʾ˿˿
һ˼ɾ̬
ħϿ֮УȴԵûκεһطǾ԰ȫġ
͡
һֻצȻĴӺϳ֣˲Ľһֻ㹻Ű׳ľ޴ǿеץס
漴һ¶аӰӴӺ֮г֡
һֻµ
ϴƬֱֻ۴չ
̤ں棬Ȼƽһվ
һɫ۾Ƭ״屣ţŹֵĺܡ
Ǿ޴ĳ̶ҡ
һֻаħޡ
㣡
Ǻ֮һֿа
ʱֻһĴָСȴһôǱǶԷٶѸٵĺܣ⺣֮е˵ԷǿٶȾռơ
ӵѰûе֫˵׽ʳӵķ㣬ɳٶȸӵѸͣڶ̶̵İʱбɴﵽһ˵ĳ̶ȡ
һֻ˫ĿѾɫľƬס
һԣΪħ۾ħߣԼĿ֮ȫ˵޷
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ڵһ㣬һ˫Ŀ˿˿ľâȻǸоԼϵڲϵǿ
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ÿµĻ棬Ǹ˴˵еˣģɲҿԶԿġ
ŶԷ׷棬̲ס˵
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ʱѾһһҹʱ䣬ΪѰҪǿǧĳ̶ȣǿᵽ˼£˸޷ȥܡ
Ļ쵰ȻԴﵽ˵ĳ̶ȡһǴңԶ֮سֵģһֱʥӡ֮УҲһûᣬֻҪҶһΣһʥϵġƻ򡷣Ǹʱҵġ֮򡷽߼ĳ̶ȣҵʵҲɱδػẦһ
Ҷȴ֪ʱϵԽԼ˵Խûкô
һʱ䳤õĻǶԷ֡
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Ķħ֮ľۼħʱ̵Ķɢ
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ҲʱҶҲ˲ıסһ㣬ȫ޷
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ǼӵʱѣҶĿռ䱻ǿеĴ顣
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̶̵ʱ䣬Ҷ߲͸趯һŵĽ뵽һƬ֮С
䡭
ħߺͶԷȫײһ
һֻʵѾﵽ˴ǾΪһĿʼչԼĶħ㹻ĽһλѰĴͨǿ߸ıס
һӰֻһʵܺͶԷʵһ̣Ƕħߵĳ֣ԷĻҲ漴ĺͶԷǿײ
͡
߸û뵽
ֻת۶ѣһȴʼ˵ı仯
Ǹ޷ȥƿصġ
ϸ޷ջأԷκһλƱػԼĴˡ
ն裡
άϵһƽ⣬ҶĽʱֺ֮гȫĴˡ
СȴŰɣ
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¡¡
ǿеıɵ˺֮УӰȴ𽥵ɢ
ҶӰ˸ٵ˺ڲ
˲䣬һľͻȻĳ˹
ޣ㾹Ȼң
һֻǶ棬סԼ壬ĺ
㣬ɭȻ˫Ŀ֮иǴų޵ĹâȻʱΪҶƵԵʣʼ
һɹɫѪΧĺˮȾһɫ·һĹââ֮УԼĿԸоеڷڲϡ
þ
Ҷ΢΢һѸٵĸоϴݳľ
һֿµҶоз·Ǵһ޷Ϣ
ɵĻ㹻ʡҺܳʱĿޣ
뵽֮Ҷ˫ĿʱĿʼŹ
ʵȻǷǱѰģ±ʥ˵˿ĲһʤڶԷܵصĴˣҪϵſԻָ
һᣡ
һԼɹĻᣡ


1165 ƽ
Сӡʵ޵Ļֻ֣СС֮ĳ̶ȣҪΪˣͿսҵȨҸоˣһּǿ㴼ѪϢΪ֮ڣһһ򵥵ޣκεǣƫƫҡһΣֻҪɵ㣬ҲԻָԼƣһԼʵԺǼϹа壬ȥ
Թĺ
⺣֮Уǰ޵У⺣ˮ֮УѾ£ԵĿʤޡ
ţԼԵĿԽҶ㶨ġ

צ˺һĺˮȻγһƬպۼ
һ޴ĺۼ
ˮֹĳ֡
ľ˲ƿһе谭⺣ˮ֮УĽû˵ı谭˵ĵõ
͡
ˣ
֮УˮʼγһתУɱ
ǴԲѣԼΪ۸𣿡
ҶЦһ
ȻĶ
͡
ն
˲УݺĽˮʼ쳣
ʲô񽣣ÿµĲУ㡭ԣ
Ľе
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Сӣˣҵǿᵽ˼£ΪֽǵǿЩ޿󵽵ġħߣ
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ҫ֮ǳԡ֮ҫҶĲϴǼˡǧʥһʩչĹ⻪˸ͬһλҫһ㡣
˸ҫָ֮ǻ޾ҫķſֲķģһץ˶ԷľƲٴεסԷԵıղҪСǱĶħߣ
ꡭ

ôܣôôǿ󣿡
͡
쳹ʮ׵ĳȣ޴ޱȣҪնǵϢ˶Է
⻰֮ȥʰɣ
͡
Ե˫ޱȣ̼䣬ǿеնϡ
ɡ
Ҷﵭĺȵ
ҫ֮ٴεչ̼佫һԵγɫâΧȥ
ˡңô֮Уõ˺ܶҿԽ㻻ȡҵ
Ľе
ۡ
ҶϰԵ˿ûиᡣ
һ˶Է֮Լ֮ʱ˶ħһ㣬ѸٵĽںС
꣬һˮĲ֮дĪ˸о
һ뵽Ҷ֮ҶǸоԼ˵궼Ѹٵĸı
һصĸı䣬ͷ·Լ֮䣬׵ںһһ㡣
ĸо̶̵ʱ֮Уҵ꾹ȻһɵĵزұǰָоڿʼøӵԲˡ
Ҷоϲ쳣
һѽԷѪ⾫ٴεɡ
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ǺһﾹȻҸоͻƵϢ
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ڵҶ죬Ѿ뵽֮Ϊ⻹ǲģ͵ĲǽȻͬģ˵һʵĸı䣬ͻ˽޵ĵȼ

һҶɿʼγˮΧһ޴ˮʯ顣
ɵĺǿ˵Ҳû˿ĻģҺôֻ࣬ҪɵĺҵʵҲͻƵǵľ֮Уǡƻһָ߹ķ˵ûӵзĻҲͰˣӵš֮򡷶һҪͼɵƻԼĵȼĻӦûȽ鷳ģֻҵʵԽǿſʸ񡭡
뵽Щ֮ҶڿΧ񶼿ʼ˸ı䡣
һ鱦ذ
͡
ƿʼ쳹
ĳֻ֣һӰͳԽʼϵıߡ
ǲӰɢһһͳ˲Ӱǧ׵·̡
ΪΧˮϵļ˵Ĳƣ˸޷󵽣⾹ȻһΪٵǰɵЧ
Ҷ岻ϵǰÿһε޲Χһˮ֮һա
˵һСӽʥɱˡ
֪ˣһԵĵ찡ȻȥɱʥȻ˵ʥΪ˸߰ĺܣʱǿδΪпܳΪһ峤ѡ
ȥɣѾһҪһҵɱҴʥҲСӶˣֻҪҵСӣԼı֮ѡһҸ贫һžѧǿ֮гΪһƿصģ廹ᱣԷǧʱ֮УĴӦԷһκεҪ󡭡
һƬˣϸϸѰҰɡ
һ˵̸Ҷ궴쵽ˡ
壬ȻǲҪĺܣȻ˵ķһεʥս𣿡
Ҷ̲סߵ
ȴѸٵߡ
һƬͨ꣬ҶѾ˽⵽ˣ⺣֮дźܶĴ֮ҶҪȥѰҵıһֻƽ
ֻƽһ࣬ʵǿᣬԷҷ¡
Ҷȴѡ
ΪԷʵȽϵС
ȻƾŶԷֶοԻɱЩŴǾ쵽ǿߣǶԷȴ൱ĺͱ
ҶĻ֮ˮ֮ߵ൱Ĳ
ҶаտԽԷ׵Ļɱ
ĶҶѾʱԵĽƬټϣںҪ̫谭˻һʱ䡣

һ󵭵˺ͻȻĳҶǰ
һƬֻҺɫĺˮ
ԼŽӽʮķ롣
ָ΢΢һʱһöָ״СĿҶ֮С
һ˿ǿҵľҶЩࡣ
þ˵ЩÿһöһСɽγɵģÿһöʱĴĦʣµЩɽĺģΪļ̣ƽء
˫Ŀ֮â˸Ҷϴڴɫ
ƽСҶȴӶԷĶأȫаѹסԷ
͡
һն˺ˮҶѸٵĳгȥ


1166 ɣ
͡
Ӱзߵ̬
Ҷа˲չһգڲɱȥ
Ȼ˵ĻƺԵøҶҪϵȥĥԼıģֻӣŻõȥӳԼʵ
ҲΪʲôҶѡ˽ԭ֮һ
Χǻɫдſµĸζᵽ֮󣬻ѣĸоԵǴſµľ綾ҶȻҽȥû˿⣬֮дŰٶֵľ㹻Ľһһжһһȥ
ȻĿʼӶ
͡

ĻӶʱһĽӴ˳
ײʼ֣ʱһ޴ĺӰѾҶǰ
һֻ޴ϴŻƽĹ󣬿ȥ·һµĴɽһ㣬ϵϴ̷ʺĹϸϸĿȥĴ֣޷һۿȫ⵽Ƕ
Ϣ޵Ĳ֮еް㾹Ȼҽ뵽ĳҽ𣿡
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͡
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㾹ȻҸҼĳ֣ҿǻζˡ
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ҶİնڶԷϾȻһǿҵ
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Ȼ˵û˵նһ̴֣ǰ㹻˲ӲҪ˵Ҷƿ£Ǽӱһʱ䣬һ峹׵Ĵľʹޱȡ
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͡
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ϣÿһ̴ֶ൱ĸҲΪҪÿʮŻһÿһҪСĵĴҶȴһⲻ϶һֵ
ಡ
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һ֣ȴ޾Ľ
Էĳ̶Ȳһǿҡ
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ЩʱƬˮһȳϢݹÿһöݵĶ㹻һλµ˲
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ȴŰɣھҪˣȵĻһжԽġ
еʥ㣬Ǵµ䱦ž޴һ֮ƿصĻƥһƬأԵĲ䵽֮֡
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ҶҪͻƣҪǡƻ򡷣ֻнһлͶԷа塣
ͻƵĻҿںϵƻ򡷵δصĻڵ֮ǰ֣ҵʱ̫ˣ̫ˣ˵õĻһƴű˷Ű˲ͼĿºҲýƻ򡷸ˣˡƻ򡷣ҵġ֮򡷲ʸȥʥ㣿ߣһ䱦ҲãҺ̫ʯһɾҰɡ
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ѪҺɽȴûһѪԳҶƿأˮܲĵĵѪ֮УҶٴεƿ˶Էľһе

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ﵭĺȵﵽ˾ʮ׵ļ޳̶ȣѸٵĿʼɱȥ


1168 ڽ
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ʮ׵İʱ·ֱݻΪһ޴ĳǾ޴̬֮£ʩչ֮УѾԴһеޡ
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ι⻪˸·һ˵񽣣˺谭ֱӵĳҶֹȥͼ谭סҶնɱ
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Ҷ첻ܣ֮ӿһ棬ֲʥ׿ʼγɣ


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Ű˲ͼȻһ磬ռӵǿ󣬵ȴĪ˺Բᱻо

ˮʣ⺣֮УҶɸоԼĺʼü
Ƕ̶̵ļ֮ѣҶȴĸоԼȻһĵز
ҵĵǴͨǿҲǿᣬǼˣȴɵ޷϶ԷɵٶȣǽĻҪ죡
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ʱͻȻ뵽˱񱦲ء
񱦲֮У֮Ĺ֮Уĵҩľʯ㹻ҲǿЧġ
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ʱĵҩ;ʯĳ˺֮УĹޡħ޿ʼҶ쿴˹ȥϡ޾̰ͰռĹâ˸ϡ
ȴûκεһֻﵨҿǰ֮ǰǿͼȥƿҶ죬ȴ˲ıҶɢϢǿеΪѪ⣬̲˵
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
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ĲһЦݡ
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С㾹Ȼ˵ķ
һλߵĺȵڿҶ֮ȴ˿˿̰֮ɫһλǾǿߡ
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͡
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1170 ɱ¾ȡ

ߵϴŷɫϵķŨ񣬷֮䣬Ҫأںһһ㣬ŭʼ쳹
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ߵɫ䣬ΪһǿߣȴҲûм˿񱩵Ϣ
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Է䲻󣬵ȴҲһš
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͡

һ˺֣֮ʱԷ֮ϣһ翪ʼԷ壬ȫ䡣
֮УٴεĶһĲǶԷ
ЩֻСҪĿɲ򡭡
Ҷ΢΢һǺܿģȴ˸
һâ˸
ֻüӡлǵ꣬˫Ŀ棬üĻ벻ϵıŷĳҶиȥ
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ըףҶӰ˸߲ÿһεĶױ˸
һλǿߵĶɱ˲Ŀʼ֡
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1171 ǿУ
ᰣ
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ӿȥģ̬˿ûԼеΣҶ̲סĽ䱸
֮žԵǿʵĻ²ӡ
ǿߣǽԼıķ֮֮µġ
ǰ֮˽֮˵ǧ̶ȵϹ֮õĹϻʯǶȥԼȥƼ֣ҲΪԭҶ϶ǰ֮ˣһ׵ĿԶԿ֮ˡ
Ϊһ֮
ˡ
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ٴεı仯γ˾޴쭷磬ÿһ쭷綼ǿᵽ˼£ÿһεŤתΧϢǿ֡
˵̬֮£糤ӣиĿռ䣬γǧѺ۳ӣ
漴ƺƵںһҶ컯һ޴ƥ磬ŶԷǿеĿʼնɱȥ
Էһ˲õ˵ΪȻʥȴҲ˶٣ȼϲǾΪģǴ˵Ļ൱ιֹ̣ϣ˿û档
֣㣡
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ļλߺĺĵҲΧסҶ챾ˡ
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͡
λǿ߾㵵֮УҶڲѸٵ۳һììҫĹԣ˸ǳ˲Ĵ̴գݺݵسһλ㵵ߴȥ
Į޾ɱ⣬񱩵Ϣ
ں֮УҶ˵ٶ֮зһħ
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Сң
һ̣һŭȴԶݶƺƵŭ˿µĻ棡
ڣݻΪĻ󣬷Ҫɵһһ㣬Ҷ߹ĳȥ


1172 ԭ
أ
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ߵϢʥĳǹ̴أ
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ǿļһԸоԷϢԭ׷ɱڣ
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֮ڣͼҶ쳹׵Ĵ򿪡
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ܹǿеĽ뵽ԼĿռ򣬿ҲΪһԵʣ

ڶԷǵЦݻûȫɢһȴȻķ
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ǿĿռ򲻶ϵĵÿһεıǽΧһ谭׵Ĵ顣
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ֱ֮֮Ϊ֮鱻֮У᳹׵ģһﵽʲôΪʲôԵֿס
ϳҶһ
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顭
һλλǿ߱ǿе󱬣
꣬޾򣬸Ľ뵽Ҷ֮У뵽֮У򱻴ıڲ㣬ǿʼٵں
֮䣬²ϣ
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ٵصһ޴Ӱʼ˸޴بŵ޵иӰƻʵѸ˫ȥ
͡
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Ǻεȵֶΰ
һ֮ǿߣԽЩĵһǿ߶ѹסˡ
һȴǵ׹߰ĺ䡣
ǵĵȼ;ҶĪģҶÿһ޷ȥֿĳ̶ȣ
⻹ֻһλ֮Ϊ˵Ҷ뵽˴ľĻǸһôµ飡
κεһλǿ߶޷ȥ뵽ˣ
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ͺèѾصŰ˲ͼ֮УҶдĺ
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͡
ҶĿռ˲˸Ȼһͷ˺֮С


1173 ޷
ܣ
ŭ֮˲֮УһӰ˸
һֻѹƣָȼ棬·һ̫ħɽĳһ㣬͵Ĵȥ
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񣬾ͷ·һµħһ㣬Ŀ棬ȴں涴һУ
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оԷֿµĲ֮Ҷһ漴ٵ˸
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֮У͵ѿ
һźɫĳǹȻĳ֣Ѹ˫Ľ˺ѣ
͡
ǹ캧صĲƣÿһƶ㹻һƬռ䣡
ΪֲȴǶԷµĻϢ
һʼ֣һɫӻϼ޲ʾŶԷ쳣
֮Ǵ˵֮е֮
ϳһ
ҶüͷڴʱҲݺݵ
ȥ
֮Ѹ뵽ŭ֮ϣеһɫĳǹѾɿĻǿʼһƬ׷Ѱȥ
Σգ
Ҷ΢΢һǸоԼѾԷǿеˡ
ߡ
ʼߣڷڣƺݺݵذ˴̴ԼĹ쳤ϡ
֮⵽һεȵĳ
ϣ
µıƺһа죬Ҷɫȴݺݵһı䡣
Ϊⳤû˵ıԼγԼϵٶȸӵѸ
ȻҲӡ
һ֡
ԭ建ĸҶǰĿҶϵһ
֮ߺߡֱּǶۡ
ˡ
һ˵ĲͻȻĴ֮ϵ紫
һâɢһһâȴѾһС̫貣
䡭
һǹȻҶ죬ֱӵĶһУ˲ĽԲʮĺˮ׵ˡ
ÿ졭
Ҷзĺȵ
ϣ
ԭƻӶһѽǳ˳Ƶĳ鶯
ˡ
ǻ֮ǹߣ
߾֮ԭ֮
ԭĺȵ
˸һ˿˿µķӡǣԭɢ⻪ʱʼǿеɶ
ϵ֮ͨ£޷
ϡ
һԭ˲ĴųصŰ˲ͼ֮С
ӡȭ죡
Ҷ˫ȭ裬ʮűʱļӳһ
顭
޾ȼգڱŷҶ˵ֱӵı˳ȥ

Ӱ˸ˮ׵ıɾ
ۡ
еĽҶһѪǻ֮ǹȴһֱǿеѹ
֮
ԵĽӴ֮ҶѾɢʱ֮ɢ̫ȥ֧ڵģ
ܵ𣿡
ص֮£һ߲ϴǻ֮ǹȻͬһһ̬ݺݵؼ׷ɱҶ죡


1174 ֶξ
ҡ
һȻĴҶ֮д
һĳâ֣âŷĲһָ
ָ֮ϣ·ÿһ·ſֲ˵ɷ

ָᵯ
¡¡
ľ޴֮ǹȻ·ǱߴĶһ㣬֮У˲Ĳ˽Ĳ
͡
漴Ŀʼһֱ̬޵ٶȣѸٵĳ濪ʼ˹ȥ
ҶɫȻĿǰֵһ
ߡʵ̫ˡ
һߴȥԭĿҶ죡
һҵĳ֣Ϊҵõһ񽣣㻹ҪŬڵʵӲ٣ֻڻ֮УǵֿסĻŰ˲ͼ֮УЩ˵ˮ׼˵ĻǴģ
ԭٴε֣ȻٴεĽ뵽Ű˲ͼ֮У

Ҷ̲סüͷһﻹǵԼŰ˲ͼļˣ߾ߡ
̡ģһʵڻӦˣȷʵҪŬˡ
֮ϡ
Ǻ֮⣡
ڳ֣һ˲ı뵽Ԩ͹֮У
ǰǰһֻһСѣڵĶ֣
аĶ֡
ˣ͸

ԵĿʼǧȵĺλĽ
þ˵ֶΣǸ׷Сӣûа취һղſǻɱλĴǾǿ߰ŭǰ㲻ʲô
ǰĻᶼûС
Χǿǣ׷׵಻ѣŭʵʾ˳ֵľȺ͵ӡ
ŭȻȥɵıʵȴ˿˿ĵ֮ɫǶԼֶεĿ϶
ߡһȻңҵĻ֮ǹεĶ壬ƿվ꣡
ŭﲻмĽе
ͻأľʱһɾ˵ɷȴȻɢ
ȵǿȼĺˮ
ޣŭĸо֮УȴԵޱȡ
á
ŭĺȵ
漴ĳ˦
ѹ
ԭڳŭ񲻶ϴˣûеȵǷӦһ̵ʱ֮Уȴŭ˳ȥ
žžž
۷֮˫Ŀıǵ׵ĳȡ
ƺݺݵѹһչ֣֮أ
䡭
һȻĴ̶ȻݺݵصĴӺ֮·ɿĴ˺Ľޣŭ˴ȥ
ǡ
ⲻǸղŵĻ֮ǹôٴεĻˣ
ⲻǻˣֱӵı˻
ղŸӵҡ
˾ֵĽе
¡¡
ŭͻ֮ǹײһ𣬷貹⻪˲ȼʮֵĺˮ˻֮ǿ󣬾ȻըһƬ谭λ֮СǣҲǵùıǿдɳȥ

ָӲչɾ˵Ļ֮ײһ漴ڿռ֮пʼ˺Ѳϣ
Ϣϵ໥
쵰
ٴεŭһŭ
ʱĶҪˡ
֮ǹԼֶΣȴҶ쵱һĻػԼһĪ谡
쵰쵰
֮Уݶʼ
ꡭ
ƺݺݵǻ֮ǹһۼŭݶʼ
Ѿʵﵽ˴ͨľ硣
һ㹻ٵصʵȥӦһСС֮СֻСľ磬ȴʧˣ

߳ŭ֮µʱٴεҶ壬漴Ȼ֡

ٽ󺣣
˫ֹעϵͨŭĿʼˣ

ϳУÿһжڷ˵ı֮
ߵľ˵Ĳ֮УղŵֿµӵĿֲ
䡭
֮пʼĲ޾ʼǱ֮ľ̬
ߡ
Ҷĺһ
ʱѾﵽ֮Ϊȴɵ޷һԿ
ȭȭӡ죡
ӡȭȻĻ裬˲֮У˷ҫ⻪⻪˸֮У˵ŷϡ
һ
һмԷĽûмﵽһӿµĳ̶ȡ
ɽ
գϵķµ˼£Ҷֶ죬ȴҲ޷ɶԷ˿𺦡
顭
һӰ˸ʱҶǰ׻һ㣬ŭȻתһȭҶ塣
ž
ӱŭ
һɲŭѹѹ
ΧĿռ䶼ȼգĲ
㻹ʲôֶΣ
ŭмĽе
򡭡
һŭд
ŭԭʱһĽӲ
ӡ
˫ַ˸Ҷǿе˿˶Էƿء
ת˲֮䣬ݺݵؽԼĴӡѹĳŶԷ˹ȥ
¡¡
ġʲô򣿡
оԼ屻ȫĽֿµĸоʱŭɫ䡣
һ𻪹ɽſ񱩵ѹݺݵشĿֱӵĶ׼ŭ

ѹ
ָӡǿѹƣ
ϼ˵ɷϵӿһɽӡҶʮűӳ֣ЧεȵĿ¡
ŭǿѿ˲䣬һѾѹ

Ҷķ裬˲ƶǧ֮⣬һ޴ɽȥεȵǿ;޴󣬵ǾϻûԵĻ⡭
һɳŰͿϢȻ
䡭
ŤɽλǺŤת
һֻƳҶǰ
һֻԻɵƣ
ɫ֮ϴ޾ĻϢ
ƴ
޴
޵У
䣡
ڻ֮£һӰ˸޴γĺɫ̬
ŭ
Сӡѧƽǡ޷ڸסʵ
ףȻըɣ
һ֮ˣȻԺһɽѹ
Ҷ춼̲סΪһǿȣ
ˡ
֮ϣ޾ʼٴεĻۣ
Ҷֱͣʱչһµ·
ȭȭӡ죡
ӣ
ǿԵĵӣ
ʮƼӳ֣
䡭
һٴεĳ֣

ɽȻľ𣬶ԷȻǿеĽһɽĳҶ忪ʼѹȥ
𡭡
ŭ
쳹
߳ݺڰ˻ϣ
ҶƷӳǰδеĹ⻪һ̳׵ı
ˡ
һζεӡͻȻ֣
ǡ
Ҷд󺧣̲סĽ
ƻ򡷾Ȼʱѡת
ɡС
ߡ


1175 ںϡʼ
Ƿ򣬡ƻ򡷵ΪʲôЧ
Ҷ屼ߣ˳׵Ļ⣡
⽣֮˸֮УϵĴΧĿռ俪ʼһһѣ
СӡҪߣ
ŭ֮ʱĽΧ谭飬һ̣·Ҫһŭʼѿ
ķ϶γ˿µĿӣЩÿһǰ׵ĳȣ֮޲һУ
ɱ˭ɱл
ңң֮Уŭ
̶̵ת˲֮ѣҶٴεĳΪ˱׷ɱĶ
ꡭ
̲סŭһ
Ҷȴ֪ʱĲʺϺͶԷԿ
ϵǿȻľ̲̲˵ЧҲֻһӵЧչĻһԵġ
ѪʣҶȴͣЪ
⽣֮һֿµѧ
֮ĳ֣ҶΪѾ𽥵Ľ⽣֮Ч׵ķ˳
ÿһεĻӶԸоԼƺǺĿռ俪ʼںһһ㡣
ҶĶ߻죬·ǷڵԼ¡
󣬲㹻ҶоһǰδеϢ
Ԫص
Ԫһ֣ҲΪ֮һ
ڵڿȥѰͻƵÿһֶΪ׷Ѱϵ
ԪصҲǽ뵽ĳ̶ֳȺΪ֮ﵽЧ
Ԫص˼£Ҷǿޱȣ򿰳죬ȴҲǵһθܵԪصζͲ
ˮ֮Ԫػǻ֮Ԫأǽ֮Ԫأ֮еһ֣Ҷ쵹ǲ֣ȴû뵽ԼȻо˷֮ԪصĲ
ϵɫâΧסҶ壬ЩâŵɷͷζϷ·һֻֻСӣеȴҶ춼оޱȵĿ¡
Ƿ֮Ԫص壬ҲǷ֮Ԫصľ
һ̣ƺȫγһ޴Բ
֮ԪԼ֮вϵߣԼÿһεЩ֮Ԫصڲϵķֽ͸ı䣬ҲΪԭŵԼٶȿʼǿ
ٶȵǿʼԽݻΪһֽǱ̬ĸı䣡
Сӡ·ͨ°ɡ
һλ󺺴ĺȵ
һλǾڶǿߡ
˵ǰĻҶȤͶԷս֣ڵĻȴ˿û뷨
֮ϣǡƻ򡷺Լġ֮ѾݻΪս

Ҷ֮Ѿʼγ˷̬
ÿһεķ޲ҶоԼڲļڲϵĳ鴤

ﵭһ֡
һ֮УҶһָֻѾ˽ָɵĶ׼˶Էüģ
ԪصʱҶ챳ĳ⽣֮Լռ֮ǲÿһϣʼһɫĹ⻪
Ƿ֮Ԫص壬Ҳһȫµļӳ֡
߲ﵽһĳ̶ȡ
ֵڷչ֡
վһ̣ǰδеǿ󲨶
͡
ָû뵽˶Էüġ

һ춯صıˡ
һ֮УȻѿ
ϵʼ׵뵽Ҷ֮С
޴ĵҪؿʼڻһˡ
ҶԼ˵
СӺа㲻ã
ŽĦ̶ޱȣֻһӰѾնգ֮УѾҶǰ
ֲıϬ磡
ǷĲ·ҪҶնϡ
һźɫ׵սʿվͷϴսʿͷֻ۾˸֮УԪڷڣԵһλʵ˻ǿߡ

Ҷ֮УɷȻʼĴ𵴣ڵҶƿԼ嶼ԵΪǿ
͡
һöӺݺݵػ⣬ֱȡԷüģ
˴󲿷޵㣬磬ֻҪǻУ㹻öԷԴܵش

Էмһ֮ϣ׾ȻֳĵĺâҶѾ˶ԷıУһ޴ĺɫ󸫣
֮ԩҽУѪУȻ⼣߰ߣɱǿᣡ
áǡ
ֲӾȻ貵Ĺ⻪׻˸·ħЦͣȻ֮нһƬĿռȼ
áס
䡭
ڶԷĻﻹû˵꣬һ֮УֲıѾˡ
ҶӰ˸һץ˶Է꣡
ǰصĺɫ󸫺ݺݵر˦ߣ
׻飡
Ҷȵĵһ޵ϣԵЧǷ
ɫȻѣǲ֪úεȲƵģҶʮűļӳ֣ٴεն֮ǿߣ
͡
Ҷٵǰ
ʱѾоԼΧ˲ʮʶԼ
ʮʶÿһ֮ǿߡ
Ҷ֮ȻĿԸоʮʶ֮УֻʮλǴǾĵͼǿߣǻмλȻŴǾ߰۷壬ǻλﵽ˴ͨľ磡
ϣնɱһλȴҲ㹻ˣЩ޲Ѱһλֻ֮ΪС
ۡ
һѪµƵĹ⻪͵ĻҶ塣
Щ޲̲ž˵ĲÿһնϿռ䣡
͡
֮ԪؿٵۣҶٶȿʼչֵ˼µĳ̶ȣһ֮ٵķ
žžž
ԣҶɫԴ⣬˫Ŀɺ췺𣬴ɱ
ӡ
𡭡
ռ˲ı
һ̣ʶΪֹ֮
޴ĵĳ֣
䡭
֮ķɳӿǸֵʶǷ׷׵İˣ
ߡ
ƺ֮Ҷ֮ǿĽǸɣҲЩǿܵĳش
ߡ
һȴ
ŭѰҵҶ죡
飡
һֻ֮ӿ˳ƵץסҶ塣
һֻ̲ŭ־Ϳʩչ֮УҶ

ըף̼䣬ȻըĲơ
ռٴεչ֣
¡¡
ƻΪƻȻ˵ĻǾǺúõʩչһΰɡ
Ҷɫޱȣŭ˹ȥ
ǱӣǷ·ǿµĻʵʣȻŭ̲סһӡ
򡭡ںϣ
ĺ
ƻ򡷹˼壬ƻǿ󣬴ʱҶѾ׵Ĵ˾磬׷ɱ˶ΣȴûһΣ˵ı΢ġ
ʵĲ̲סĿʼһοµ
򡪡ںϣ
Ϣ
ŭ̲סĿҶϴžɫ
ʥƥǿᡢׯϡ
һʥ֮Ϣ
ϢʥϸоڷϢ
㾹Ȼõķ򡭡
һ˿̰ɫ̲סĴһţ


1176 ת

Ƕھ֮ϵһֿһ˿ķ㹻Ĳ
Ĵڣı
㷨Ȼ˵ǿһ˿ȥƿصģҷǲʵһ˼̳˷֮󣬱㲻ֵܳڶͬķ
ⷨˡ
Ҫ̳ⷨҲǲܵģͷžԵں϶ȣ˵ⷨ
СӵϾȻ˷Ҳ˵һϿ϶ǴǸСϵõģǷһεõģϵŶٵܣһҪõСӵ꣬ǵòˣȴҲҪƿ꣬ʱ򣬵õĶ϶һССʥҪǿĶ࡭
Ȼʥ䣬ŭޱȵķŭȴ˸֮

ƿ˷˲һԾ͸߲εǿ߶Կ
Сӡ࣬ɱ㣡
ŭ񻺻˵
һſޱȷŭϣʱȴ¶ǽƻĻߣ
֮Уŵĺ£ʱһɽŵϢȻ
͡
һ޴ٴγ֣һεƣİĹâ·ǺڰͻĺƴͿ񱩣ȫĲմߡ
Ǿһȴ̼һƬա
µĺڰѸٵĳ˰죡
һͷ̬Ҷ¶˲ɫ
֣֮
˿ʼ
֮컯컯ͨʩչʱ޵ͨѹأƿһе޵ѹ׵ɢ
ϵһبޱǿͨ

һ֣ڿռ֮ȴһ㡣
̼֮У޾ĺɫŻϢʼߣ
ȻþõûнҶ㶨Ҳʹŭеŭ⿪ʼﵽһµĵزɱ񱩣̼֮УѾʼɱС
ɫ棬ղŵǰӵǿа죡

Ժ֮Ȼһֹ뷨
Ҷ˫ĿӰ˸

һƬĿռҶԭڵĵطǿеѹĵز
˷֮Ԫ֮Ҷ죬ٶٴεһµĲΣΪԷ춼ǣҶ쵥ٶͶԷĻҲԵĲ·ġ
ռ򡭡
ĺȵ
ʱĿռ𽥵ĳɳ׵ķΧ
֮ͬһ㣬һеǿ޲ǿеѹס
ƻ򡷡
ȭͷ֮ӡſµ·һ޴ĳì
ì·˸ʥ֮дŴݿϢ
ԶһУ
͡
һǿߣ׵Ķ壬һΣԷ򲻵ȡҶϵһìʼø
ƻƻìĹڲϵչ֣â¶޵У
͡
ɱ
ɱ֮ӿƻ֮ɱ¾֮ݻ
һеһжʼҶչ˳
Щֶ֮УÿһֶҶԺֶ֮κ
һֶΣ
Ҷɵеļ֮УӵͼµؼÿһֶǿµģǲӲȴѽ䷢ӳԼΪǿֶΡ
ڣ⡶ƻ򡷵Ĵ֮£ҶڵĿʼ˻ԷʩչĻᡣ
һƣƿأ
һȭգ
һţѹ
һָ񷣡
֮ϣÿһļ⣬ÿһĽǣ·ɢž˵ÿһĺëķâ
ˡ
ˡ
ڵһ̿ʼˣֺ˫Ĳ·Ǵһִܣһǿһ޵У
䡭
һεĽ֮УŭĽڵĦҶһ˿䳹׵Ĵ飬촷ۣ
ߡ
ƺҶȴû⣬ֻǲϵתԼĳ⽣֮Լռ
߲ݻϣЩںһҶͻ˹һ㣬ŭȻŭȴ޷ƿҶӰ
Ҷս£ǷŭɫȴƺҪγˮ
Щÿһζ㹻һǾǿ߳׵˭Ǹ߸ϵĴͨǿߣﵽΪǿߡ
𡭡
ŭ֮ڵһ̣ҶȻĶס
ڵֹͣѾ޷֧Ǹٵˡ
ŭЦ
Ϣңɫڣһֻڵʩչ
һ޴ŭ
޵
֣֮
ĺ
Ǿ޴󣬻ɫƣ޴ڷڣֲѹضʼ÷֮ϵǳϵڲƺǸоʲôһ㣬ǳ֮ʼ޵ڸȥ
ַǿķ򡭡
Ҷ֮Уʥӡڲϵת
ҵġ֮򡷱ƻ򡷸ӵĿ£ȼϸǿ󣬷ĽҪϵɱ˴ʵҪҵġ֮򡷲ϵĽ뵽ߵĲΡ
ҶаԵ뵽
䡭
ɡ
ɣ
֮쳹ŭĺдҶ峹׵ıץС
˵̲סһҶĿѾﵽ˼£⻹ֻһλ֮Ϊѣ˵ҶٴεĽ뵽˴Ϊʻ˭Ķ֣
군𣿡
һ֮ϴȴǹ죬û˷֡
ߡҿãȻ˵һȺ˱Ҫ΢̫̫࣬һǺܿСӵġ
һİ֣˳ȥģӰֵն
䱦ߣǾ˵ķҪ֣ŭϳ˵޾룡
Ѿ˱ǿĤݵΣ
Ǿһ̣
һȴĴ
򡭡ںˣŭ񣬸ղšĺˬ
֮д޾ĸ߰
ƺ̲޾ŭ
ɣ
𡭡
̲֮޾
׶ɴ裡
ز񷣬һ춯ص𶯴
һֻƣѩ񣬾Ȼһ̣˲ץס֣֮
꣡
˵Ѳ֮ϣ
ǽƣ已̥ȴ׾ٵ֣֮
˲оԼ°Ͷڳ鴤ڲһеһж˲ıˣ
⡭ôܣ

΢
һɫ۵Ҷ컻ĳ˵ǰ
ɫĳ۴ԭʥ£
ԣһɺѾ·ʵʰԼ˸
ƴʮΣȻתΪ˶ʮΣĵʮΣҴԭһ˶εģ뵽ڵʮΣǡҵÿһζʮļӳ֡
Ҷл뵽΢΢¶һ˿Цݡ
֮ڰ컺Ĵˣ
ӵŶʮεƣÿһȴ̲ʮļӳ֣ٱȻıˡ


1177 ɱŭ
㡭ôᡭ
ŭʵ죬Ƴ£һ̣ڵĸоˡ
ⶼҪл㰡
ҶﵭЦ
ٱϵļӳϣıŷ˶оڷڣƵĵȼˣǡƻ򡷱֮򡷳ɹɵ
ȻʮٴεĽ͵˶ʮƣÿһʮļӳȴҲҶо˴δйǿ
ǿ㹻ˡ
ٱ
ǺεȵĿ£
ֵ֣֮ҶǸоԼûкķѶٵڵһȭԴһƬգһ
Ȼõ̶ȣʵĿ°
ٴεĳ֮ϡ
һԹĻƽɫͫ˸ŹϢ
ⷨƺΪϵķ֮һǡ㲻Ǵȥɣ
һм˵
һСС϶ѣҵʵǿ׵䣬ΪѪЩ˵Ķû˿ʣ׷СӣлĻһٴġ
𣿡
Էÿɷ˵
漴ƿ֣Է˻ʧ
Сӡʵĸ壬ֻҪѡЧңΪˣôˡ
ŭﵭ˵
漴ٴγҶӰ˹ȥ
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Ҷɫ΢΢һ䣬û뵽ԷƾȻǿᵽ̶ȣԼİȻ޷ȥնƣ
Ҷȴû˵ĵӣ෴ǣڶԷǵıǰ¶һĨĳ
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Ļ濪ʼۼһĻ󣬷ԲķΧ֮УеĻ֮ʼǿеٻ˹ǻһ˿Ļ֮Ԫؾ顣

Ҷǰ̡
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֮ڰǿߣһôµǿߡ
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ʼ֮е̬޾֮


1178 ֮
СӣҪΪɱŭ񣬱ΪΪĺܣǿڵ㣬㹻һָѹ㣬㻹ʲôõģ
һλǿ̲סĽе
һλϣ֮ϵϢϵĲɢ·֮䣬ƺǽҪںһ㡣
һŴǾھΪǿߣǿƥȻŭСȴԵʸȺۡ
ۡ
Ҷһ𣬶ԷʱĻѪ飬ЩѪѪıҶ֮еĿռɵ
޾֮УٴεĶһµǶԷһ֮жƿء
һ޴Ļ۵ĵҶüͷ΢΢һڵʵȻǿᣬڼȡŭ֮Ѿˡ
һ֮УǴſˮ֮ĵȴûЧ
Щǿߴ󲿷ֵˣǵŶڻ֮ƿء
ڣҶõŭľ֮һ޴Ļ󣬽ѾﵽһСɽĸ߶ȣվݣ֮ɢ
ǿһƬγһѹԵĸı䡣
ӵĻҵˮ󣬾Եûа취໥ĶԱȵģҪѹƣҪ໥ںϡ
ҶüͷԵ
ҶڻɱһλǿĴǿ֮˵ȴ̲סĿʼݺݵز
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Ҷ֮ԻôĶȫΪȺȵģʵ΢Ļϵһжᱻ׵ɨġ
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ٱӳ֣ǿʹãһУɲǾӼ򵥻ľͿɽ͵ġ
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ʱ˵ԴֻоһķҶŭ֮УǵĳԶߡ

΢΢ĴϢһҶٴεĳԶȥ
һΣģǲ٣ʵǾһΪоˡƻ򡷵ıʣΪԼġ֮򡷿ʼԼġƻ򡷣һеһжܻᷢһַ츲صתġ
ֶξˣǿ󣬼ľжûʩչ
һЩھԵǰ㲻ʲô
ٱӳְǿԵĻҾԵĿһȥɱǿ߰ԭһεʥսҪǻ֣ÿڽ뵽ħϿȵ˲䣬ᱻԶӡһӡǣӡǰһ˵ĳɼڿĻҴﵽһжѾ˸֪ˣģһûɣʥսǹĵġ
һεʥսҶû˿úϲ˵
Ͼһδʥս˵ƽĻȫĶںĵĵ˵ģԷӡǣʱĿԴԼǿԼ
꣬ȫһƴڵսʥսʺСһ㣬ŭ꣬һǲ֪е˾ȻѾڲ֪ıӡǣ¼ԼɱǿߵĵȼĻɱЩˣм¼ģߺߡˣǲ١
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͡
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һӰĳ磬ĽͿµĽ⣬ǴﵽĽһĵز
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Ҷĺ
ԷھԼߵʱ򣬾Ȼ˵ţղΪԼļʱ£һĳ۶ᱻ˺ѵģһΪԼǿᵽ˼£ĻޣԵĿԽԼ˶ɱ
ȻԷѾԼˣҶȻĲѡͶԷ
ȴû뵽һԵҶŭ
͡
ռ𵴣ĽÿһĲһ˿Ϣ
ȻΪٶ̫죬һĦ
СӡĸģȻҶôķʶļ壬ԷŹһΡ
֮Уһֹϡ
ĳ֣ԷٴεԼԭò˳
һλȥʮҵˣϱһµĳⳤ˿˿ɷԼĿԸо˿˿εѪ֮
Ȼһɱˣһλλôˡ
˵
Ҷ˿ûеӵĿһ˵
ߺߡĳҵֻûдĶߡ
ӵЦ˵
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콣
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콣ϴŰȻɫ
ߣȻ֪ҵ֣͸֪εȥˣԲðɣҶٵĻ꣬㻹һȥ
Ҷϴ˿˿Ц
壬Ǻδ갡


1179 ټգ
ߡҪ׽飬Ӧ֪Լʲôʵһλ΢֮ҿѾһεʥս֮У뵽˴ǾһΪȻֻһ죬ȴҲ⿴ģСӣ£ģϵıһԡ
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һˮ֮ͷϵĵ֮ڣѾԵڿʼɢΪʵʵ̬ҶüͷԵ˼ȴû˵ֹͣǳһȥ
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˫ȭ裬ⱾӦðԵޱȵȭʱȴ˲ı˾˵ԡ
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ռˮ˫ۣ
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ˮ֮ںϳΪˮ֮ڲϣ֮ٴεм屻ǿе
һɫѸٵĿʼ˾ˮ֮ٴεС

һֻ͵ٴΰǸߴӵԴϡ
꣡
ԷԴֱӱ򱬡
漴һԵγʵʵɫٵıȥ
ɱ
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աþòˡ
һͻȻĴ֮ϴݳһɺεȵԡ


1180 ö
ôǡ㣿
յϴ޷ŵɫҶ졣
ڿʼʱѾ뵽˺ܶǿߣӴĺĵӣ֧֮ǼǿߣһһĿʼ뵽
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漴ƻӶʱģһ˸ö̬֮֬Ҷǰ
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ޱȵ飬һֱöѵİΪĶͺ棡
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ΪĲĲߣҶѾоöѵİƺǿʼԽ
ԭ½ֵİΪʲôھ磿
ܿҶȴһջأٴεѰԼļ䡣
Ҫǻ̵ѶϢ
ܿģһӰѶϢѾԺ֮УպͶԷʶ໥ĺһеһжǲϵĳС
ʧȥʥ֧֣ڹһˣеҪõ˵ˮԱߺߣһΣԷòǴ̰Ҫͼ˺ԷȻò˰ѰұŮ˻ЩֶΡ
Ҷ֮ɫȴʼʾ
̡ڴİ֣֪ңʲôأ
͡
Ӱ˸Ѹٵ뿪
ϣɱơ


1181 裡
»ˮĹ⻪˸֮УΪ̫֮뵽֮С
»ձ֮Уȥȡе֮£㹻巢츲صĸı䡣
һصɽ
ɽΪ룬ΪĵĵطһֲַԵĲ

һ̫ұ̫֮һһ㹻ĲǿǿƿصĻԴﵽһ벻Ч
˵˷ֵĻ϶ĻΪһսĵս֮ء
ΧȴһֵһּصĲ·֮䣬ΧһжȫİΧ˵ûȥĸоĻ˺ѸоĴڡ
ĵĵزһ޴ĻɫڲϵµĹ⻪
̫̫֮֮ڲϵɢıޱȾֱʱ໥ںϡ
һִޱȵľϵĿʼУչֳ˾˵ĻϢ
һ޴ķ˻֮£һ߲ɫĹڲϵ֡
̣
漴ٴοϣһΣµѾںݺݵس𵴷йȥ
䣬羪âʱȴѾǰϬ֮Уƻ
ʥû뵽ʵȻᱰ΢̶ȣһССҶ춼޷ȥӦҿ㻹ûҵʵⱲӶ޷ȥˣһֻҪǽ뵽˴ľ磬ҽΪ𣬼ҶʵεǿͿֲȴҲԲҵĶ֡
â˸ϣѸٵĽΧȫ֣γһƬĿռѷޣ
ʱĻ̵ƾȻԭĳ̶Ҫǿʮ
Ҷ졭ڵңѾﵽ֮Ϊʵǿ󣬵ȴҲԵĲģʥû뵽̫ʯЧҲ˿Ĳ֮ƣȻɵ󷨣һƿصĻ㹻ʵɿȥģҶ졭һεңںˡ
̵ɱŷ˵
𣿡
ڴʱһȴȻĴȥǵȻһգ˿ĲκεĲ
ǻ⵭Ȼ֮У϶ʱ¶һĨ޷ŵɫת֣ߣ
飡
һǿѸٴﵽޱ߾֣ӭƣ͵ѹ
˳֮УѾʼŶԷȫİΧ
ɱ

̵Ľ׻һ㣬ʱĴ˳ȥ
ɺɣ׷Ʈɫĳ죡
Ҷ컹˭
ۡ
һڽɫѪ̵ϴ޷ŵɫǰҶ죬徹Ȼ˲ʱ̱㱻ҶǿеĴ˳ȥȥ
ǻ̶ԸоʱҶͷ·һ޴ħһ㣬ݺݵѹԼǰ
ǿµ̬ӣɺ˫Ŀ޲ںϳΪ˱ӡ
һɷ񣬿µɷ
Ҷ졭ô
̵˸ĲĶҶ
̡þòˣΪʲôٴεļңʼأ
ҶЦЦĿẒ̇˵
ϻĻߣȴֳ˱Ĳ
Ҷ졭û뵽һʱģȻ˽յΪһǿߣҸӵû뵽㾹ȻɹĻָԼʵӦò²⵽ӵϢˣҲûˡ
ǰҪĻ̣Ҷָָᵯ
䡭
ۡ
޴Ȼָֻᵯȴû׻һ㣬͵˿û̬һ߲ɫ˲ı˺ȥ
Ҷ졭
оԼ崫ľʹǻ̵̲סĿʼ
𣿡
ҶЦЦĿŶԷ
˸ʱ߲Ȼѣǽɫļʼ¶˳
ͬǰһƺ֬ϸ壬⻪תȻ˿˿˺ۣȴĳ
̲סҶϿʼһǿҵĲ
һֿµıŰϢ
ң
ԵĸоҶ֮дǿҰϢ
ļе
ǿлӶ޴ķ˻ʱչֳԼӴ峯Ҷѹ˹ȥ
֮һоĻ촷ۡ
̵ʵڽ뵽һƣ֮ʵһ棬սѰĴǿ߶һ֮Ǵĺô
еĺô
ߡ
ըף䣬ضΪҶһŭ𣬾ҵĲΡ
ȭͷӶһȭ·Ǵ͸˿ռʱϵƣֻһƣȴȻĶһ޴ķ˻
ۡ
̵СٴεһѪǷ˻һ˲仯˾㣬Χɢ
㲻ϲ𣿲Ǹ߸𣿽գұ㣬ٴεļȡҵɡ
ҶЦ˵
͡
Ӱ˸
̵ʱĻʧɫź浹ȥ
һ̣һǿı۰ȴݺݵץסĽ͸̰İռһӣ
ʱҶɲԭֻԺ֪Σǰռԡ
ӣϰԵȡ̵ùԶ޾ԹͿµŭ⣡
һи޷ıҶĶƸڶԷĽ治ϵߡ
Ҷ졭ҡҪɱ㡭
̵ﴭϢŽе
ȴҶͷݺݵذռ۵Сࡣ
͡
ȹ˺ѣһĳ֣ʱɿµʼ


1182 
㵱Ǻϲһӭϱ𣿡
Ҷ御ڻ̵֮ȴûںڶԷڲֻڲϵŶԷ
쵰
̵ϴ޾糺֮ɫļе
ֻӶ֮У䣬ȴûа취Ҷ˿˺෴ǣΪϢϵңڵѾ׵ʧȥԭȻ
Ӵѧᷴˡ
ҶﲻϵԷ
ָ̽ĽͷԼеһݺ⡣
Ȼ˵̺Լû̫ĽҶȴǰŮ˿µ˼£ԽʥԻ굽˵ߵĳ̶ȣһֶα㲻Ѱ˿ȥ󵽵ġ
ߡ
һֻֽǰһ׵˺ѳΪޣҶЦſŶԷָ΢΢Ķԭ鲻߲ѸǱ֧
Ҷ졭бµɱҡ
ֱ̼ǿҪˣǰҶ죬ʮľһħһаħԵĻ̾ԵĲѡͶԷΪеģҼΪˣҲһҪɱԷġ
ڣһеһжѾû˺ڵʸڵֻܹϵķʹһ˿ίҵĽ
ѩһţһѩףʥķ·ǰһ㣬ǴʱȴҶû˿ĸţҶĶڵһ̵̣Ľʼ
쵰ӡħ
ԵĴʹ࣬Ǵʱȴһ˿޷͵Ľ⽿ǺεȵˣǳĻһᱻǰһƬס
ȻԲޱȣ޳ĺܣ˵Ĺâ˸ӵеȣŮһĴڡ
ƽ̹Сһ԰⣬һļÿһ˿ë޲һ־ĶǵС
Ǵʱģ̵ϣȴǴһ˿㹻κεһΪ֮嶯ѵε֮£ʱӵĶһֳޡ
һ㹻ԭʼܵջ
ǴʱҶ죬ԭֻҪŮˣȴ̲סĿʼ嶯
ң
̵Ľе
һ̣ҶȴѾǿеİס˻̡
ߡ̣㲻Զ𣿶ҵһΪڵĽգҵҪǷܹҵ
Ҷ졭һɱģһ﷢ģһɱģֻһ΢ĴڣĲռҵ壬ҵһʥĴڣǵĴڣ飡
ߡ
ҶЦһȴ񱩵Ľ뵽˻̵塣
ĸо
ҶϷ˵
Ҷ죬ڵĻϵˣ㵱Ϊһ𣿡
ͻȻļе
棬ȻɢһǿϢ
ڲȻʱһɾ˵
һɵ·һһ㣬ΧһжŶԷڵһʼ÷ڡ
ֻ̫֮žΪȴҲ㹻ҵõ֮ڵ㣬ﵽ֮㣬ޱűԭǿ
˵䣬Χ֮ƺǿʼøӵľ˺ǿ
Ҷ죬ұΪôһЩģڿĻһ΢˵СӰˣһΣһһҪɱ㣡
ԹĻﲻϵشӻ̵﷢
ɣ
嶯ʱһǿĺڶȻƾյĳߵͷϡ
׵˸֮УҶ쾹ȻоԼȻһֿµƣƺԼԼһоһ㣬һаĲһĲ
ⲻʵ;ӵеĲȴκβң̣̫ˣȻΪԼʵѹסΪ񶾵Ůˣǿûн䱸֮𣿡
ҶͻȻĿЦһȻ
ʲô
̵ݺݵһ䣬ʱҶȴٵĶ
ÿһεĶԵޱǿᣬ˿ûн뷨֮УǷһֺͻƵĲ
ǡҵ
̵ٴεļĽе
ʱѾʼò԰ޱȣ͸ղŵȽϣȫĲһ̬
ڸղţԭҪɵҶҶ˵̲Чʵ̫ˣڣ뵽ٴɵҶһζôĸо
Ҷڼ̵ķ·һ֮µһ㣬Ȼ޷˿ķ˵ԷɼԵıԼҪǿ󣬻Ҫ£
Ҷ졭ң
ڵĵˣڵ֪ˣ˵Ҷеһһֻ黪ȴ˿ûκõŮˡ
Ǹ߸ϵŮһʧȥ硣
ʲôҵġ̣ɱʺɱ֮ԭǴɱ㡭ڿĻƺɱӵȤ
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ԭˣ֮ʵϲ˵Ŀ񱩣޵Ѫȴ֪εȥʹãȴֻǻȥϵаķʽʩչͨ޵Ѫεȵǿ󣬱޵ѪҪͿֲȻǶĴ޵Ѫ
ҶЦ
ռˮѾʼԽ
ﾹȻϵ̫ĸ˵ĵطʥȻ֪ȥã˷ѣǶ˵ȴǲɶõĺñ
ˮۣɡ
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һ޴пʼγɣݻΪΪԴʼγĪУÿһжſµЧɽʼڡ
еľ޴Ҳϵ̲Ҷ
ɽ֮صǱЧ͸͵ԣȴҲǡõĺҶ֮еˮĳơ
Ҷһεʩչٴεɢİ׵õز
İ׵ķΧȫҶƿ֮Уϵļڳ׵ɱ䵽һǿĳ̶ϣÿһεɱ֮УҶϵļ⻮˽һĦ
˵Ħ֮£ҶϢҲʼƳ
ȴûǶԸµĻ̣
ҵ
̵Ľе
ҶЦϣŮ˵նĿµĺܣԼûʵĻԼˡ
ȻҪʲôʴ֮ĵģ
ϸϸŶԷÿһ˿뵽Ϊĵŵһ˲䣬һɿµʱĿʼ֮ɢ˳


1183 µŮ
Ҷ졭һڵģ
̵ĽϴźκŭɫǻľѾоԼϵѾɢ˼£ֻҪԼȥıҶ켳ȡԼһ׵ķˡ
һ̣Ҷɫȴʼʱȡ˶Էһ˲䣬ڻ̽ĵĵطһɾ˵ϵɢ
ʲô
Ҷ΢΢һ
漴֮УٵС
ܿһöɫӳǰ
һɺεȵ
Ҷв
ڽӴһö̲֮סĿʼ
дźƴ˫ʥϢͷ·һڳ˯С
ǰſµɱ¾
ǹź˵ǿ̵ϹȻǿܣûݸĲʥΪ֮ĵģҴǿϢԷĿ֮ͻĿ֮޲һֱʥ㶼Ҫ˵Ĳ
Ҷ졭Ҿ㣬𣡡
оҶĶ̵ʱĿʼòҰ
һֿµİɫ·ԼΪµ飬Ϊһȫı¶֮һ㡣
ߡ
ҶûԷ
ʱѾӽ˴ɵĵزٱļӳ֣ȫĿӶԷв
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һɾ˵ͻȻرҶӴ˶Է˲䣬Էƺǿʼһ㡣
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һ۾ạ̊́Ǵʱȴ·µĻһ㣬ϵıʥƥ
͡
ü֮Уһ㾧ʯװ˲仯촷ۣ¶һԿµ۾
һԴž˲۾ʥַȴſµ
ʥ쳣ͻԭ̬Ƚϣ·Ƿ˷츲صĸı䡣
࡭㵨ҵ壬
䣬Ļһ飬һλµŮ
á
Ҷɫ䣬ʱڵĸоĲԾǻȻһֱԼȴƺǳ㱨֮Уȴڲ֪ı뵽ĳаı֮У仰˵ԵǹԼȥһöӡ

䡭
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͡
ҶӰ˸֮ݺ᲻ϣߵһ㣬ȻƵǿȴߣ
ˡ
䡭
ŻȵϢ
һѩɫĽƵĿռ֮С
̵תϻ治ϵȼգȻ˵µȹڣȴԷĸ߰Ϣ
ѩɫĽŮһʥ࣬˵ǰȴȻĺܣķֲ͹գ㹻ڵһʱ佫һ˵ȥ
ˣ΢ķˣ㾹Ȼҡ
ޱȵԲ֮УɭȻɱȴε˶Է
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̡΢΢һ䣬漴ĶҶ˹ȥü֮Уһ۾Ĺ⻪
㾹ȻԲ²⵽һ㣬ֻҵһѣһֱڳ˯֮УڵѾɢѾ뵽ҵٴεϣ
΢΢ʧ䣬Ȼ˺Լǲò˵Էһֺĸо
˭
Ҷ˫Ŀ΢΢ſµʵ
㵱һֱΪֱûиı
һĨɣʷʼ֡
һ̣ȴسҶſ
ס֣ȵʱ򣬲ҪȴˣȻֻһɲǵʱѣǡǲ̫ʹģǱĻ˵ûԱĪӰģһκò׵ĵõһ˿޵Ѫκεһȥвģ
˿˿ĺӿ̵˪䣡
ӣ
ͺèĽ뵽ҶԺ֮С
֮дſµļ٣ͷ·Ǽ˲ôһ㡣
Ҷд󺧣ȥ˼̫࣬һ֮УѾǿеĳԶȥ
ߡݺǿ£ÿһֻضǱ࣬㾹Ȼ˱Σ㡭

һ֣·ǻһĳһ㣬ȻҶĶ߲ϵĻ죬˵Ȼ˿µЧ˲֮У̴Ҷ塣
ۡ
һѪ
Ҷ޷ŵĿһ
ôܣ
𡭡
èȻĳ֣צӶϵشһķģ
ˣ죬һѪҺѹ߳
Ͻĸү
èĽе
˵ģһβѾٵĽҶ˳ȥԼڴ˵Ű˲ͼ֮С
ҡ
̵䣬һķȴȻڶԷ˲䣬ٳ˹ȥ
ġ
͡
̵ɫ΢䣬漴˺
ǻһӡ档
һ˵ȼ˿˿̳֡
ʹıҲ漴ĳü֮ϣϵ
ߡûȫĻָһֻèȻ֪˵Ѫƣܺá
һ˿˼ıϣϸǻһ˵ỡߣ
Ҳһ˲ļһһҲ֮Уܺãܺãҵʵָ֮һֶҪǸΪҶСӣһҾȻ㲻ҵبδ۶ûа취ȥԲһ򵥵
͡
΢΢һʱɽ֮еһǿеȥǱҶɵٶȸӵѸ
оԼ󴫳Ҷɫٴκݺݵس鴤
һ˵ʵʲô·
èҡͷ
үֻǸоһʵɲ⣬⻹ǶԷûлָʵĽ̫Ŀˡ
è˵
Ȼû˵ǱϣȴҲ˿ûзɾ衣
ȿȿȡ
һڲѪҶָ˲١
ģһ˵ǿˣĳֵĻҸĻ˵ġ
Ҷһʯϣ
ңң֮⣬һƺҮڳ߸


1184 ҹս塪ڼң
ƺǰоȴû˿ӡˣһﵽʲôأ
̲ססԼԴ˵
һֲͬǵ
һߴ
Ű˲ͼ֮Уԭ建ĳ֡
ʱƺǱԭҪԻ˲١
ϵƬ˸űĹ󣬲ϵĿʼת
ԭӾЩ棬磬ҪļһֵĻʦֵܣҲģӸղţǸŮ˵ϸоһ˿µʥ
̫ʮѪĳ֡
һ˿˿µƣγʵβ
о˲Ծ
ͺèߵ˫Ŀ΢΢һԭȴû˿ļɵֱӵĶһ̫ʮѪ˵
磬ǿߺܶ࣬һſвӵָоǸղŵǸŮˣӲ˵ҲӦøоˣһȫĺǲһĲ
˼˵
ԭɫ΢΢һ䡣
ӻɣܿܲ˽ģϾҪܴΪ˷ӡʦĻƺǺķѵ͹Ҳ̫ˣνڶħ֮УֻһģˣӻɣһиǿĴӦҲԸоνʥ֮УصǡƺǺģ
̫ʮѪϺ¶ɫ˵
ҪǾȳʦ𣬴Ʒӡ˼Ҽܿˡ
ԭϴޱȵɫ˵
𣿵ҲӦ֪һģڵ˵ǲʵֵģߡǽʱСӣ
̫ʮѪʮֻµĳԭĿȥſž޴׸ǲϵĴ˿˿ǿеѹơ
Ѫ㲻Ҫ˵ЩûõģӦ֪ıĿ֮໥ѹƣ໥Ĳ䣬ڲŵõѣΪڵǿָȥʹ𣿡
СӵϵĳɳţڵһֱȥĻҲǲƽġ
ȿȿȡ
ͻȻĿ
ƨͷţ
̫ʮѪ˵һϢʼ䡣
ٺ١
˵ı֣Լϵķ⣬Ц˵
ҵĽǲҪһ֪ĺãڵʵǲеģܹһҪŵģûûöٵĺôġ
СǲöԷ𣿡
èӵ˵
ȫ㲻ãСڵ֪һˣʱԵİȫ˵֪Ļֻܹ¶˺һеϢ˵ãĸһʱĶԳѹסԷ
˵û˿Цɷ֡
ߡȻ˵ĻǾͰеİɣõĲҪȥĳ֣ǱʱĶͻڳֵĻں谭ĳɳ
ԭﵭ˵
һ˵Ű˲ͼֲޱȣ֪ʲôʱſĳɳƿصĵزһƿصĻ˵ÿԺǼ˽аģǰǣĸһﴴġ
̫ʮѪ˵
һеĽϢ֮нţڵҶŰ˲ͼˣȴҲûøоһеķ
֮ϣĺۼϵ֡
ǶʮɢŸɬ͹ӵϢÿһϢһɻĲ
֮һϵļӳ֣ʱݻҶѾоԼڵת֮УѾʼøԲ
̵ݵʲôΪʲôͻȻı˾˵Ż棬ӦǻҸĲ⣬ΪڵŻ֮ӳ֣ʱĿȥɵԷӵĽԷɱﵽ£ǸղŵֲԵǿ˼£ǿҸов
˼֮УҶ컹ǽԼһʼųȥ
ЩǻڽʱµģÿһµĺܣҶ췢֣һֵĻ֮֮⣬Ȼ޷ƿ
͡
һѪҶľٴεָϵıų
ʱһ˳Ҷ֮С
һˣԼʮλ
ÿһλͶô
ϵϢȴȴҶоһɾ˵Ϥ
Ҷ쿴еһ֮ɫ̲ס΢΢һ
ҹڣҹ㣡
˾Ȼһ֮У
ϢƺǺҵĳϵѵ˵һȺ˻ҹսˣǺĵĵӣ
ʱҹȫûԭֱ뺷ϴǿҵֺ֮ɫϵλ˵ǰ˵ʲô
̬ҶеҹȫĲһ
Ƿʲô飬Ȼܹһ﷢ı䣿
ҹˣҶȻȴҲ֪һĺܣĲʲô˷
ҹʮأΪʲôûм
Ҷ΢΢һ漴Ǿʯ֮ϣΧԪȴ˿û뿪ӡ

һжͣЪ
ҹڸǾȵĿҶ죬ƺû뵽ȻҶ챾ˡ
һﾹȻҲ
ҹڵɫ΢΢һ䡣
ҹߵҹҲ̲סɫ΢΢һ䡣
һΪ׵һλɫӡ
ϴŸ߸ϵϢһ˭̬ûнκε˷
סˣƺҹս߹ѪͳСӡ˭
ﵭ˵
ҹɫ΢΢һûȵҶ쿪ڣѾȵĿˣ
ˣһΪҶ죬ҹսķ֧һ˵СӣźܶıҵȼȻߣʵȴĺܣ
ǰǰˣ˵ݹ죬ǻɣһȻҹսѪȴ˳ҹսġ
ԼȻҹˣҹڵ϶ʱ¶һ˿ʵɫ漴ļæ˵
ͼӴ׵ĽҶһи˶Է
˷ϵˣȴٴεĻָʵԵ˵ľѧСӣҶǰɣϵľѧһеıȻҵߣΪҵ°ɣҹ䣬ҹսĺĵӣߣһӶǵģұõĻܻΪĵūͣǸʱҹˣ˭ҲҶ㣡
ҹϴŸ߰ɫ˵
Ȼڼҵ𣿡
Ҷﻺ˵
ڼңҶû˿ĸ飬ǶԷӵо˶ģͬʱҹںҹҲʼ˿˿ɱ⣡
ҹʮ졭ȥˣ
ضߣҶﻺ˵


1185 ɱ¾
оҶϵϢʼԽĿʱҹҹ忪ʼò
Ҷ֪ˣȴȥǣʬѪֶȥҹ۹ǱߣΪǵҶ㱻ǿеѹˡ
һɱ˲գ۵ǿߣ뵽˶ԷֶΣߵ嶼ʼ̲סļٲ
˵ҹʮأ
Ҷھʯ֮ϣϵı鿪ʼñ
ҡǲ֪
ҹȫûԭִ̬ԼǿӲϢʼʧӰ
ﶼʼõ㣡
СӡǴҲɣ
ҹɫʼñޱȣһ˫Ŀ֮еĹâʼ˸ͣ
죡
Ҷ쵭˵
Ȼܵе˶ʼı仯
ҹսһϵļ壬Ѫڶ࣬ҹҲеһżĶû˵˵ĴЩǣҲ൱ϲҹȻ꣬ΪʿµĺܣСС֮Ѿ뵽˴ǾΪ
еһ˵ԵһֿµĴڵġ
Ȼʥ㾪ˣȴҲѵõġ
ȴû뵽ҶһССķּ֮ȻҶԼķ
ЩССķּ֮ǵ峤ԼģΪǲҡ
ҹɫʼѿҹںҹʱʼÿҹֺ֧ͱ֮£ĶʱĿʼó
ҹʵʬʵҪǿĶࡣ
ҴĹ;ѧԼϵؼҪ̫ˡ
ߣôĵӣһСС֮СȻ˵ķҿǻˣ
վҹߵǷ׷׵Ŀʼŭ
Ҷı䣬ֿʼʱûдҹսа壬ϾǺԼĹϵǳļ壬ڿĻѾȥסˡ
˫Ŀɺ컺ı˾˵â
ôĵӣķ
һλ峤ĺȵ
Ʒ
컻֣
䡭
һֻ޴ȻĴƶգ˺谭ӿʼıŷ
ŷ֮УϵĿʼչĲ
һʱĿʼչǿߵʵһʩչ˲Ĵ˾˵ϢǴ㽫ضΪ֮ѹһ㡣
컻֣
һžĹԽһ˵ľѧʩչ£صȻʩչ
ﵽ۷ľ֮Ǵﵽһйעأǳĵز
ȻδʩչȴҲԵĴﵽһµľ硣
ߡ
Ҷﵭĺһ
ָᵯָϣĲ
ȥ
һ֣ȴž춯صѹ
䡭
ԵĴɱ
ķ׵磬ӿֻǵָᵯȴΧ˸оһѹЧ
ÿµļһֻһ֮ǿ𣿡
ҹɫ΢̲סĽе
һֻƹעϵħ֣˲ѹ
飡
ɾ޴һ̳׵Ŀʼ߸

ŭ֮ƣ˲֮УѾԷٵĻˣ
Ҷ㹻Ĳ˴ﵽٱӳ֣ϻٶ϶Է̫߳ࡣ

һץһҫֻ֮ӲӵĹ⻪˺һУ˲˶Էǰ
ң

Сˣ
ҶȻվ
ʱ˲ķ֣Ҷ쾹ȻһֱǾʯ֮ϣ嶼ûж˿
飡
̤˫ߣ磬˫Ŀɢϵ⻪

һ֣ȴ·ʥּͬ⡣
ҫֳ֮׵ĻɫҶĶ
͡
Ӱ⣬ǿеĳҶȥ

Ҷﵭĺȵ
ĵŭȣʱʼǶ
䡭
̼ʱһѾȫ
ۡ
ߡ
ƺʹ漴
ӰѸٵɢ
һ֮УҶҫ֮ѾȻ˶Է
ǿߵɫ׹ǰĲ԰ף˫Ŀͫϣ̿
ꡭ
һ˵˺
Ҷһȭϵ˴ˡ
ѪȾ˴غգ
㡭㾹Ȼҡˣ
ҹĺ
ҶϷһ˿⡣
˫Ŀضҹںҹ㣬ٴεĶ
͡
˫ȭŽɫɫɫµĹ⻪ٴεĳܴȥ
ѵأ
һȭ˵棬֮ϣ¡ļ
һȭĴ˷ܵĲϣֻգ۶ѣҹ侪㵵ı֮УҶ˺Ӱ
͡
䡭
һ޴ӰӸһλ׶ߵĿޣ֮ϵƣǲ㹻ǿյķâ
ͬĲһȭҶȥ
ɣСӣ
ȭȭӡ죡
꣡
ٱӳ֣ƥ
Ҷɷ죬һ˴羢ȭȥ
Ǿ޴Ӱ漴ķɳ


1186 ɱʼ
ɱ¾
ֲɱ¾
һнһ̶ʼѪ磡
ҶȻѾˣȻǾԵĲģ˳֮УޱȵĹϣǴΪҵ
ӡȭǾ캶ٱļӳ֣һжʼޱȵľˡ
ȭͷʼǣÿһ൱ǿᣬһִݿϢϵ죡
Ҷ졭аħ֮㾹ȻԼͬ嶼֣Ǵ治
ҹĽе
˵䣬ϣľѧҲʼʩչ˳
治ߣȻǴ˺ƤˣǻʲôҲܹģ
ҶЦ˵
͡
Ӱ˸ϵĿʼӳ֡
߲Ȼﵽ˰ÿһεļӳֶݻ֮ϵšԪļӳ֮У߲Ҳ࣬ڵĿʼݻԼΪǿ

֮ŷѸٵĽǿĴǾǿɲȭͷǷ˽ӲӵĹ⻪֮ϵĿʼΪµĲ
͡
˫죬ÿһζž춯صĲ˸˺֮УѪʼɡ
򡪡
ĺ
һͺ𣬳׵һеʼй˳
ϵݻγ޴ĵ
ˮ
ˡ
ŭ𣬷֮Ϊʥ
𵴣Ѿﵽİ׷Χ֮У޵еġ
ҵĶ䡭
棬µ氡
ҵȭͷסˣģʲô
ҵǿģҿ
ãǿе˺ˡ
̲סĿʼĺ
֮Уžĵӡ
޷ȥҶĳ
Ҷɫ䣬ϵĿʼŶԷ֮ݲ
裬׵ҫɣ
Ҷ·һ޴ƻһ㣬ϵĿʼϵĿʼ˺ѣ
ȻѾ֣ǾԵĲܹ飡
ұĲʸ񡭡
ҶЦ˵
˵ģӰ˸ȭͷݺݵسһλԲǿ߿ʼˡ
һȭйеԹֱӵĽԷ˺ѳΪ롭
ֶΣǽԷѪҺ׵ˡ
ģʥӵɽ֮һʱʱңȫĿԽ֮еںһ𣬴ﵽһߵľˡ
ҶЦ˵
˫ĿǳŶ˿˹ȥ
ʱΧ֮УĶѪҺͲ֫ɭȻİ׹ǿȥԵþޱȣ׹ǵ棬ȴĹѺۼÿһž˵Ĳһֿµȭ⡣
Ҷȭ⾹Ȼڴȥ֮󣬻棬ʱȭȻͨ졣
㡭ħ
ҹĽе
ʱںڣΪʲôҪҶ죬ԼͲҹںҹ㡣
͡
ҹԭӵͻȻ¶һĨʹɫֻһ¶Ľâݺݵ˺ԴֱӴԴ֮󶴴ü֮С
㡭
ҹ޷ŵĿҹ㣬˿û뵽Ȼ˳֣λ֮˲Ǳҹ㡣
Ҷ죬ͬһּҵˣ֮û˿ìܣһΣӦҲ֪ǱȵģҲԸΪūģȫҹڵĽ飬ŹҰɣⱲһмĴ¡
Ҷüͷ΢΢ĶǾһ֮УüͻȻıһâ
ѻꡭ

Ĳҽʹ쳹
ҹ·Ǳһ㣬ⲻϵĳ鴤Ŀʼ仯Ϊ˸ɱ̬
ǴʱȴʧȥŤӺͲϲ̬ȴ㹻κεһΪ֮µġ
뷨ǲģҸӵҪõҪϢһûвզ˿ʵϢ
ܿҶĶѾ֪ԼҪġ
Ҷ졭󵨣
ҹĽе
ϧҶĲȥˣڵõҹѶϢ֮ҲҵԼҪĶ
ҹʵʲҵλҲ൱Ŀ£ܹһ㣬뵽ħϿȽʥսˣȫĻǲʮˣҹȻǿᣬȴҲֻмµĵλѣԼˣȴҲû˻ע⵽ġ
еǣǵǿĴ죬ǵ΢СΪεģҵǾһȺϣ΢ǣеĸ߰ӭһΪ׳ʥսɣֿʼγɣеˣֻҪԸ⣬ȫĿɱһæصǵӡǣǿյɱ¾ÿλɱ˶ˣɱ֮˵ʵǺεȵˮ׼ⶼҪȥģȴԵĹƽڴɱʥսʼ
أȴ˿˿İԵ̬֮ʼ
ӡ𣿡
ҶĽе
ӡеڽ뵽ħϿȵʱ㱻ӡϵģҶʵǿޱȣȴҲûоԼαӡһӡǵġ
ɱ¾ȥֵĻȴҲһ£ȻѾ˲ٵļ壬ϼЯŴĻ֣ȴҲ㲻ʲôġ
뵽Щ֮Ҳ漴¶˿˿֮ɫ
΢΢ĻӶѪʼĵ
ѩɫƣͷ·һƷһ㡣
Ҵһֲ԰׵Ĺâһֳɱ¾ѪҺں֮󣬲ŻֵĹ
ҹʮ컹û⵹һ飬û뵽ҹսڼңҲеôãҹļв˵ãǿǿǱ΢˼£ǻؤǿڽ뵽֮󣬾ȻΪūͣⱲӵԸǳΪĵūͣɶΪżÿһλʵǿᣬԺյĺܣǲʥҪµǿߡȴ˵ı΢ǵҴӦĻĴҪǧٱġ
뵽Щ֮Ҷϱƽ˼֡
͡
һ˵˺ʼ֡
ʱһӰ˵谭ӭȻ˲û뵽ҶԴֱӵҶĲӡ
Ѹ͵ĺܣǴﵽһµĵز
ǳԽ˹⻪Ĵ˵һڵıˡ
á
ԷϵıǼǲֻƬ̵ʱѣȴ֣ԼĽ£Դƺڿʼıð
ٵģ
Է˲жϳҶԭ̬
ꡭ
ԴһʹӸǷ
ߡɱ¾û뵽Ȼô찡
΢΢ĽԷ˵ϣҶ漴ļǰȥ
Ȼ֪ҹʮûзʲô飬ҶȻĲȥ׷ѰԷ
ҹʮԸһĶҪȥܱ˵İ
Ҷ죬ڴԳɳ¡
ʮһŸɫĳ۳һ޴Ĺ֮С
ǵΧվǿߣÿһλʵºܡ
͡
ʱһԼ˫Ŀ֮Ͽ˹ȥ


1187 ɱ¾޼
֮ϣһо޴ʯڻƯϵ֣ǵŸ
̵֮£Ÿֿ֣ȥǺˡ
ÿһ涼һɫһɫӡǡ
˴ʱѾ˺ɫӡǡ
ɫ棬ɫ䣡
䣬˵˿Ĳ֣Ѿ˾ռˡ
ʮһߺǿȴĳ￴ȥ
ֻ棬һΪҶѾɢɺɫĹԡ
һǧ߰ʮλ
һλͷɫ߻Ŀ˵
ʮһеһλȻȥݵ˼£Ǵʱȴһֻɬĺۼһֶǿգһƿ֮󣬲ŲĲ
Щ֮£·˸һǿߣµǿߣϸϸĿȥԿģͨݻֵĻ
ͨǿߣ
ֻдͨǿ߲Ż˵̬
ɱ¾֮һܿһɱ¾֮
ʮһ֮Уٴε˵ˣһλӡ
ڶԷ˫֮Уȴ˿˿·ǱΧһǿһ㣬µĺܡ
ߡҲΪ󲿷ִӵĶ󣡡
һλͷɫЦ
Էһ۵ϢһΪ˴ﵽĿĶֶεϢ
ӥǺ˶һ̫ĺøС
Ǵ˵Ļ˵꣬ȴӭ˲˵ͬ
Ҷ졭ʲô·
һλ߻Ŀ˵
һλĲɣ֮ƺ޾Ĺ£ǸӿµǶԷǺ嫵Ϣȥͷ·ڿһƬγɵһ㣬ضµĺܡ
ڣˣƺЩӡ󡭡
վΧȺ֮Уһλʮ˻Ŀ˵
ҹʶˣ
λߵﻺ˵
˫Ŀǳ꿴ȥ
ҶĻһǾȵĽгΪΪҹ˲Ǳˣǵҹսּ֮УԼǲմսʱ򣬳ֵλǿߡ
ǵģҹսһλӣȻֻһλ֧ӣ˵ʵȴС
ҹ˵Ҳ¶˽ɫ
ߡոյĿʼ˭ܹ֪һǲҹսأ
˿ʼмĽе
Ҷ죬Ĺʥս֮неһ֣һǴģǲˣǺúõעһĺá
ҹĶ˵˵
˵Ӵżһׯ϶ʥ֮أԹޣȴҲֵܹġ
ɱ¾̫ˣҲδһ£ȻΪɱ¾˶ڵģȴҲԵĲΪɱ¾ɱ¾ġ˵ɱ¾֮ɱҲˡ
˵
ڳҹսˣȴ̲ס¶˾㵵ɫ
ǲҹսҹȻʧԼۣ֮
ͻȻ·´½һĽ
ⲻɱ˶ɱϹˣԼ嶼ʼɱ¾ˡ
̲סĽе
ĻȴΪ̲֮סЦ
Ϊڴʱ˷ǿҶ棬صļһһ֣
ʱѾٴεӣһеһƺҲһ̲Զ
еˣ̸۵ʱ򡭡
ħϿ֮С
͡
һâͬǹצһ㣬ϵķ˺ѵĲÿһεĲڳտʼ˺Ѷ
ɣ
һӰ˸Ҷϴžȵɷ
һӰ˸ʱĿʼԷ׵ѹ
һ𣿡
Ҷﻺ˵ٴεƮȻ뿪ǵϣֻһʬ廹ޱȵ
һλǿߣһλĵĵӣǿߣλڽ֮ϣ߸ϵĸ߹֮ȴֻܹʬǳûħʱԽʬɣøʬ޴涼Ǻܳ
ɱ¾
ϵɱ¾
ʥս
ѹʥսĺĵﱻ֮ΪѪʥս
Ҷ컻Ľһɵ֮ﻺ˵
Χʬ壬ЩʬбɱģǴ󲿷ֵȴҶֱʡ
͡
һӰ˸ʱҶһʯ˲û˾ʯ֮ӰС
һλĽСŮӡ
ӿȥԵĲףǴʱȴĴı飬ֻ֮Уȴſµľ㵺޷ŵɫ
ȻŮӱǴԸҶġ
ȴû뵽Ҷ쾹ȻᷢټҲʧȥĿܡ
ü֮Уһɼ·ʼɺѪ͸ֵѼҲѸٵı
˵㲻ǽɱй¶ĻҲû취оģɱ̫ˡ
ɵûбպϵ˫񲨶Ҷﵭ˵
͡
㾹ȻɱңСӣ˭ˣֻҪҵصҵļ壬Ҷ㲻ݣ
Ůӣ͹£һԭ棬ʱȴ˿˿ɷ;˵Ť
˼һҪ֮һ˶𣿡
Ҷε˵
ߡ֪˭㾹ȻɱңǾҪ۵ģԵıһλּҵĵӣҵļ޴ƥǹϵļ壬ɱһ壬㵨ɱң㽫ɱ׷ɱġˡ
͡
֣Ҷϴ˿˿ɷ˲ĽԷٴεնɱһΡ

ǿҵʹŮӵ̲סľ
˲ûϢ
ʱֻ֮ж޷Ѱҵһ˿һӡдǿܹһµľۼԷӡǣûûа취ٴεֻصġ
ұ
ҶԳЦ
±˻ɱȴвŮȴǱҶۣˣҲҪ
ɱһ𣿡
ҶٵĽԷɵ
һ˵忪ʼһ˿ĸı䡣
ֻ֮£ԭʵʵҶʱȴһ͸塣
׵֮£û˿ӰӣһĲɢˡ
ƿȻ׵ѹƺѹ¶һ˿һĲѧؼ
ѾһƬĿռ֮УȴҶһԵøĹ졣
ȴҲСĺôĻҵʵνٴεɱӵĿˡ
˿˿ỺĳҶϣȥ·һµɱħ
߱ħƺһµľˣȴû˿Կ
ߡ
һ޴Ĺ֮Уһλ̷ӥǵȻһ
ڸղţ˵ֶûзıʱ̣ȴ˱仯
ɱ֯ȻɱˣҶδı䣬ֻȴһӡǣպõɱ֯ɱ֮˵֡
Ҷǧ֣ߵɫʼŤ
ɱ桭ɱ֯ɱˣ
һλ̲סĽеڿҹս֮жʼ˼֡
죡
ӥߵĺȵ
ҹڷܷɵ֣̲סĨĨӣϴһĨЦ


1188 
ɱ¾ǽֻصġ
ϴŲɣ֮޾Ϣٴε̾Ϣһ˵
˵ĳѩףҴҹ̬ԵĿԿĳҹսǿߡ
ҹǣʲô˼ֻأ˵ĺҹս˿ǵˣһλɱ˵õԺ󻹻ָõĽǲҪȴˣҶǽҵĺɱ֯׵Ļɱˣ궼ɢˣ飬ܹ˵ġ
ҹǵɫ΢΢һǻû˵һλȴԼ˫Ŀ
ðԵĿҹҪëڹεĶ֣
ҹƱҹҪĺܣȴԵϴ˿˿ɷ˵˼ޣһһ޲ž˵
㡭
ҹ˿ûпЦӣɱ̲ס¶˿˿ŭ⣬ȴ޿κΡ
𡭡죡
ҹǻؿ˵
ߡ
ҹȻǲˬȴҲ൱ıԼ͡
ɱ棬ʥսΪǶϷɣԵţǳһǿĻʯǿߣȻ˽⵽һﵽΪʲô֣ȴ׵ɨʥս֮СѵҲ㳢һ𣿡
ҹǻķһҳ˵
һǽɢǿҵ
ԵĲһƷ
㡭
ɱɫ䣬ȴҲ޿κΣ
ĺһ֮һԹĻɫ˫ȴ˿˿Ĳı˵
ɲҪȴˣˣǶԼĺһɱµĲֻһ˵Ѫ
һٵ˵ɫȷʵʼѿ
Щ֮Уʮһǿߡ
һжһжԼĶǿеĸŵĻʥսαҪУ
ҹǵ˵
һɿµϢȴž˵ķΧʼ˺̬Χʼչ˳
ƺƵϢΧĿռ䣬˵ɫʼݺݵس鴤˼֡
ҹսһţôǻ˭Ҫͼ漸ְ
ҹĺ񱩶ƵϢϵչ
ȴûһѡ׵ĳ֡
Ҳǻ۵ʱҶҲڽһδεնɱ
Ǻĵӵļ䣬ƺΪɱһλӮȡ͵ıֻǲ֪͵ıﵽʲôأ
֮µٴεѰԼļ䣬ô䣬ҶȴɵûҵԼҪĶ
ô£ǾȻҲ֪
Ҷ̲סĽе
һεʥսһκĴսһҪһʥս֮дʣʱҾͿѧϰѧϵİκΰκΣʥս֮󣬴ıȴޱȵĺֻĴƿǲŻ˽Ⱑ
һμ䣬һǱҶնɱһλǿߵļ䡣
ȻֻЩµƿǲŻ֪һҵĻӦǽӽǰλˣЩǲģҪǲϵǰֻвϵǰŻҵõõġ
뵽֮ҶҲȥ飬Ӱ˸˷·ǻһһ㣬ӰϵĶڵϸûӰӣӴ
ɱ֮ءȻǿĺܣӼܵ˳˵ǰҪɱԷȴҲ˸оġ
뵽Щ֮Ҷٴεǰ
ӰӵĿ£ȻûӰӣȴԸо˿˿ĺ⣬Ҷںɱǿߵļ֮ڴɱ֮ʹﵽ˼£˵ɱһ˿ǰһеĻ˵ûñġ
ɱ¸ˡ
ԭɱһǿ߾֮󣬲ŽںϳľѧؾڵҶȴ׾ٵɹǱǸӵĴ죬εĲŭ
͡
һȻ֮г֣һǹ죬Ȼ޵Ŀռնȥһ˵ǿᡣ
һµϸ΢·ϸϸĿȥȻǵķģЩÿһŲǧٷ֮һĴСİΧһ档
ϸȥĻû취ҵе⡣
Ĳ˿µܣһηҲ㲻ʲô֮ķںһ֮󣬴ﵽЧȴԵġ
ߡ
һһĿռ֮з

һײʱΧʼγ·
Щ·ʼ仯Ϊ˾˵Ĳơ
͡
Ĵ̣ȴܵЩƵ谭֮󣬿ٵĳһ࿪ʼɢ
͡
һ˺һһ̿ռ仯ˮĿʼʣʵΪٶȹŵµı仯

һȥҲ漴֣ȭͷΪĵӣݺݵѹ˵ϡ
¡¡
ϯ˲֮Уһ޴Ӻγ״̬ʼӿ
һӰ˸漴¶֮¡
һλʮӣϴ˿˿Ц⣬ЦƵĺܣģףһװ硣
棬֮䣬̬ͬЩĺܡ
ȻҵҵĲ֮ʵȻĲͬ죡
Էﻺ˵
͡
һӰ˸׷ƮһɺĿϣҶüͷЦ
㾹ȻԿҡ
˵ģҶ˫ĿҲ漴ĿʼŶԷȹȥϵѹϽˮϵ
Ǻǡ㲻ʲôҪϢصٺãȴҲ޷ڸסϵѪȵζǡõǣҶѪϢȽϵС
ӵȥƽ͡
ҶһĽ䱸ȴû˼
ǺǡΪʥһԱΪ鸵񣡡
Цݺܼ١
Ҷﵭ˵
ϵѪȷʵûа취ȥȥġ
Ҷ鸵ɫʱһĽӲǺܿȴǿЦ
Ȼ˵ҲҪɱ㣬ҿ֪ʵҺԼ뷨û˵ǻǲ罻ѵĺá
ǸЦ鸵ĻԽԽˣСɱ¾Ѿﵽ˼£϶ǵһˣһ˵ؼɱʥӵõıѵ˵Сϵıﲻ𣿡
һ˹첨Ĵ
ݣռҲӦ˺ѡ
Ȼ˵ĻҲոأ
һӰ˸
Сӵı϶ĲǳԶҲҭ𣿡

񱩣ɳ𡭡
Ӱٵĳ߳
ÿ˵϶ž˵Ĳϵ˺һе谭ǵĿֻһҶ죡
˵ĳ֣ҶҲ𽥵Ŀʼۼǿߡ
ɱ⡭񱩣


1189 ɱ¾ݺᣡ
Щ˵ڿҶʱ򣬷Ǳֵĸа졣
̬ɫԼıҲ޲ΪоҶʵС
Ҷڵʱ򲻸֮ڰΪȻ޷
Ҷȴ˿ĲЩ
һȺ֮дǿ޲ԼϵϢ
֮۵Ķ֮£κε谭޵ģҶ첻գۼѣѾǵʵ
˸ˡֻа˸𣿡
ҶЦ
˸֮УÿһλʵȻﵽ˴ϵΪ鸵ʵʥĶС
Ҷڿǲ¶ԷʥΣնɱ˶ԷŭΣʵڴͨΪǻǱԼϵˡ
ڵԼǶԿϴͨǿ߶һƴ֮
ҶĻոյ£һȴݺݵس˳
ͬǻӴһ㣬ȻҶĶ߱
дڿ裬ѹݺ᲻ϡ
˵Ѱ֮ǿߣ㹻һλǿߵ峹׵Ļķѣȫ촷ۣҶĶߣȴֻ˵죬һ̣֮һâ˸֮γʵʣ˳ŶԷʼȻ¡
飡
һɸӿֲľ쿪ʼ쳹һ֮Уǳ֮˵һҡΣȻЩѣ̬
һŴǾ۷̶ȵǿߡ
һǿղŻڿĻһҪСĵӦˡ
λɲҪ׵ıǰСӸƭˣ˵Ϊ;翴ȥôǿȴԺʥԿɴˡ
鸵˵
һҲҪˣӳֵ˲䣬ҶķѾе˿һˡ
ǿ
Եǿ
˵֮˵Ϊ;磬ȴնɱʥǰֻΪһ˵ˣڿĻһ϶ҪıûԵĲֲʵġ
鸵ϴһ˿̰֮ɫ˵
˸Χһǿ˵ġ
Χʼľۼ˲ٵˡ
Щǿÿһλʵٴﵽ֮۷Ϊ
ΪĵĵѾʼʱˡ
ڿ鸵֮ȴóȻĶˡ
ߣΪһȺ˻Ǽ𣿡
Сӵ˭ȻôǿߵĶսԵǲ
ҾҲǰΪСϴűɣûôλǿߵע⡭
˿ʼ̲סж
ʥ鸵񰡣һʵĺܣѾ뵽һ˵Ϊˡ
ٺٺ١һսǻ˺ɣñˡ
սôܣСӣҶԽ
˵ϵĴ
λսپΣͻ֣ǿºȥ֣
鸵ϴźȻ֮ɫ˵
ͬ
ͬ⣡
ɱ
͡
ݡ
˺֮żʼ쳹˳
һУʱΧγĴֻ
ѣֱӵѹΧ׿ռ䣬˲֮УѾγһ޴ޣ
ɫ̻ʼϵȼգ׵ĺϵĳֺӿ
ߡһȺ׳գ
ҶЦһ
Ӱ˸
͡
⽣֮Ȼı

⽣֮ϣǧöһϵĽ

Ҷ쾹ȻԼɱǿߵɫһ䣬ǸղҶļһȴû뵽Ҷ쾹Ȼѡս
ʵǿ֮ͬУеֵġ
ʱ֣һ޴ĴӺȻı
֮г֮ӭǣݺݵѹҶϡ
һӵľ޴ӣ⼣߰ߣǿµɷȴûɢ෴ǿʼøӵĿº;ˡ
ϡ
⽣֮˲ĵֿס˶ԷĽֻǶݵʱѣȴ㹻öԷϱһɬ
һ޴Ĵһ֮ǿʱڵõģϵغͿµ
ƽģ
ǿĴӴ˶Է棬ֻǲ˿˿ȴû˵Ĵơ
ôܣ
ǿߵĽе
Ҷǲġ
͡
ſһâʵʣ
ҫ֣֮
һֻҫʥ嫡ƥơ
ʴȺɱ¾
ϵ
ɫƷ·һɫĳһ㣬֮㹻һе谭ɢ
һ̣Ҷ컯Ϊʥߣۻʣ
꣡
һǹϵĴӾȻզһ̱Ƭ
ôܣ
ǿߵɫ䲻ѣǴ޷ŵ·
޷ţ޷󵽣⵽ʲôȻԲǿĳ̶ȡ
˾˵ֶ֮£ڵĿʼ
ߡȥɣ
֮дſµɱ⣡
˷ɱ췭ظ
Ҷɱ㹻֮ϵǳ
ɱ
¡¡
Ҷҫ֮ٴεĸڶԷ棬һţ漴ѸٻС
һǿߵȴһ̱Ť
˵·ǱɹµĴһ㣬ϵؿʼѿ˼

Ҳݼţ
Ҷ£ѾԷ곹׵ɣ
򡭡Ҳҵˡ
Ļ֮Уȴһ㹻κεһ˶Ϊֲ֮ѵǿᣡ

΢΢֮УҶѾоԼٴεĽӽ˴ɵľ磬ֻҪԼȥŬֻҪȥԼ㹻Ľ䳹׵ʱˮγʵʡ
ʵ֮УԵĿԼʵͻƵһµĲΡ
ǲҪնɱңõϵĻֺһеıѧҾͽȫȫҵΪ

εǿᣡ

εȰԵ

鸵ĺ
ʱɫҲʼѿ쳣ǸоǰҶƺ𽥵һֳƿص̬
ָоΪֱӵЧǣǺˣ
һзϵһλǾ۷ǿ߰һöôǿ󰡡
ܵģۻ𣿾Ϊôôģ
ÿµֶΣԣֶΣ˿ûи˿ԴϢĻᡭ
ΧڿʼϵľǾҶҲѾʼˡ
Ⱥ˵ʵСҶĿʼѡٱļӳ֣޾ǡ
䡭
һȭ֮
֮۳Ϊʵʣ
ÿһȭ㹻ĲµЧ
飡
һǿߵ屻һȭΪ˲ʬ
ɱ֮ء
ĺ
һҶ˻飬ʱɱһǿ߸ӵϰɱ֮Ϊġɱ֮ءľѧ֮޲Ϣȴִ˵ĲѪ
ɱ¾
ʼ


1190 ʥսĻ
Ҷնɱ޼ɵվΧЩǿȴʼоԼϴĲ
Լĵĵӣ޷ţ
ˣ
֮ΪȻնɱǴǿݽһ㣡
һһʮı̬ҿڸտʼʱû˵ĳ֡
ǰҿˣ˸Ǿǿߣһ𣬼ǴǾ۷嶼СģЩһﶼǹϵļӣȻǱնɱˣǺεȵǿֶΰ
Χ˲ϵķ
ʱҶϵĴһζεâÿһĹâһ˿˿򲨶
ЩնɱǿߵΪʵʡ
ҶתȻҲҶʼǿ
ҶĲʼΪµʼȫĺںһ
ϵĹ֮С
һλǿȻ
ǿ弱ٵĲ˫ĿڳǰϿȥ
ﲻϵسĸı䡣
ıɢֶ˵Ҫ
ҵĶӱնɱˡ
ӵ̲סķ˱ߵɫ
鴤ϵɢž˵Ϣ
⾹ȻҲһŴͨǿߣϵ򲨶˾˵ķģÿһķ涼̲ϵÿһεĲΧǷӵɫ
ƺǿߡǿߣÿһλǿƾȥϺ֮ǿ߽а壬һĿǿߣȴû뵽Ȼնɱ˺ˡ
ֿʼ˸ı䰡ΪҶļһﾹȻٴεǧ֡
ֻ
ҵѪϾˡ

Ľʼɢ
ϵ˿ʼ֮һģЩĳ֮ϵֿȥ
Ҷ֮£ֲϵؿʼ
ҵĶӡˡ
һλŵ۵꣬ͺݺݵϴ޷ɫĺ
ҹս壬̫
ӵ̲סĺ
ϴһƮݵϢ·һ޾ʷһ㣬ŭڵһ̣ŭҲ˼¡ǻ𱬵̬Ҳ̲סˡ
ˣʲô췴ʮһݣܹƫκεһѲŤǩķԼɣ
һλ߻˵
ǻûȵ˵˫ĿҲ̲סĿʼһԴŭ۾һ࿴ȥ
ҹǣҹҹսһƺЩ˰ɣһλǿߣȴû˵СӵҪ֪ǻᱻеѹġ˵˻ѣʥսǲƽ飡
ߡÿŵ˵ŭֵʱΪʲôȥ˵㣬϶Ҫӵɪŭֵʱ򣬿ڰ⣬Ϊǲ֪𣿡
ߵϻһ޴ŭ룬Եˣһֱû˵ڵ̲סĿʼ˵ˣȴҹĻ谭סˡ
ޱߣ糤һ㣬ȵϢΧϵĿʼɨͺͱǿ֮вϵȵ棬ȻѾʢŭµĳ̶ȡ
ҹȴ˿Ĳ⣬ЦϵĿŶԷ
𣬱졭
ҹٴεĿڣ˫Ŀȴûƺӵ̬
棬õĲҪ̸ʲôƽԣǵŭԼӡǼԼСϣԾͲʲôƽԣˣõĲҪ˵ƽ
ҹǵĻȻ࣬˵ÿһ仰Եǿޱȡ
ǵĽϢԵĲȺˡ
㡭
ɫϵı仯ȴֻܹŤϣȴûм˵ȻǶҹ൱ļɵ
ߡ
ݺݵغһ֮󣬻˵Ϻȴɵûиı䣬Ǳøӵ񣬶΢΢һ֮Уƺڿʲô
һﰡһµС
ҹεĿЦ
͡
һɳʱһĹž֮ϣҶƻΪֶΣÿһεƿضòıԼж켣
ڶʱ֮ڵʱ̣ȴûа취һи㶨ˡ
һ鸵ϷɳģڸղŶԿ֮УҷǸоһķ򲨶תһֱҪĲ
Ҷ΢ʱϽâ˸
ҫ֣֮
ҫ֣֮ҫƣ
νҫǾǲԼĶϲ覴ã
Ҷʩչǽɫľ֣·Яһ㣬̼ĽԷٴεİΧ
Ȼͨ飬鸵֮󣬱ӶԷɢˣ
ž
ҶסⱾ顣
ϣϣ
֮ۡ
֮۴ŹԣһеĿ£ҶʩչԷ̼ƽ
ߡ
·Ǵޱȵ
ʱʼͣ
Ҷ΢΢ķ֮Уķ֣Ȼֻһ·
Щ·ÿһſµǧһ㹻ıǧصǿߣҶĪúЧ
˵֮УҶٴε뵽Լ֮У漴ٴεĵ뵽֮С
¡¡
ʱһ֮УҶоһǿҵĲǶԼﵽһǿ
ñҵ֪ʶһɱ䵽˼£ԼҲʼøѵ˵ϵȻЧ𣿡
ҶԴ˵
¡¡
оԼٴεĽһĳ̶ȣҶԺвɵóһ˿̰뷨
ʥ壬˵ʥϣÿһλǿ߶һ飬Ƕ˵һô鰡
˵ʥ֪Ҷ뷨˹ƻ˲ǿеƴҲýһ
ҵĻ֣иоӦΪǿģɱս֮УɱǿΪĶ࣬һεʥսŭ񶼲֪ɼʥսĳ̶ֳȴҲˡ
ҶüͷԵ
ƻӶ
ʱɫͱɫĵǰ
ʱУÿһλжһȨȣȨԼĿԿڷʷʫĸ̣׺һĵҲʼ쳣ֻǲһˣγ۷ĳ̶ϡ
ʱҶһʩչԼ򣬱Խ˹̶УĽ뵽Уӵ¡
νɱ
ʥս
һͻȻһ̿ʼ˳մ
֪Ϊʲô˲䣬ҶǸо˵µâڳԼѲӡ


1191 С
ɸоԷҲɱ⣬ĳϵӡѾ쵽ˣÿ˵϶ԼӡǣҲʥսĸһҲֻЩĺĵӲŻ֪
Ҷ૵
ȴûһ㣬ǽ鵱ޡ
˵ҹսܹػҵĻǾ֤ǿߵģ˵ǸĲĻǶ˵Ҳʲô£ȫĿԽ嵱Ҫȥϡ
ǿߣҪϵȥ򣬲ϵĽչԼ
ǽõĸҶ㣬ԼʱҲˣ½˵żˣԼҪıǽ鳹׵Ľ
һɽҶ΢΢һ
ħϿһأȻشն񣬶һŸǿħޡޡ
ĶͿµյأеȴҶһûռˣҩõ˺ܶ࣬ʯȻȥ˴󲿷֣ɱ֮˵ȴҲõ˲ٵĲ䡣
Щɽ֮Уÿһɽſµı
Ľܶ඼ıϣи챦ҲħϿȺٿҪץʱúõȥһ
ӿ˫Ŀ֮Уɺ˸ҶѾʼжˡ
˫չʱ˫ֵѾ׵һɽ
ˣˡѾоıﲻ
૵Ͳϵſˮ
èӵĲҪ˵ǿʼеı￴͸
ǶǴͨǿߣÿһλĹ۲ǳ˿谭ģҶһ㻹ΪĽģ뵽Լӵۣ֮㹻ĿеأȻҲͿʼõȻ˺ܶࡣ

Ҷﵭĺȵ
ʱٱļӳ֣ÿһſµοǴħĴڣռҪĵλʱһʼʩչȻҲʹﵽһ˵ĵز

һȻγɣ
һӴĹ⻪˸
̥ЩǾʯ̥
̲סĿʼе
ϾʱѾû˶ԿıҪԣҲʹʧȥ˵⣬ǵҶ˲ʩչֶ֮󣬻̲סľ
ǿֶΣȻԽһɽľʯ͸ֵĿʯȫٻɳ
˿ҶֶΡ
ߡˣЩʯȻˣȴҲֻЩ̥ҪȫʹõĻҪؾĴ֮£ǧʱſԣ޷ʹĻǾ൱һ̥ⶼ㲻ϣ

ҶûЩ˵Ļ
Ȼ֪һЩʯ̥ͽʯ̥ǾʯǿеŰ˲ͼĴ½УЩûбĽʯİȫĿеľЩ׳ոĲᶮá
ҿ
ҿ

ҶһɽϵĿʼ
İʮ֮Ű˲ͼһ֮УѾһɽľʯ̥
ʱ֮вϵİΧסǣԼĿԿЩʯ˵Ĺ⻪Щ⻪ʥǿÿһĹ⻪Եø¡
ôݵʱѣҶȴѾԸодŵľ޴ѡ
ϣ
ľ
ħʱʼݻ˳
𡭡
һʼչ˳
ǷǿҰǿ£
һĳӿʼγɣЩʯ˳ӣϵıȡϵı
һƬƬ۱仯Ī⣬γ˰׽֮ɫЩ׽֮ɫʥ
ЩΪµĽɫ⻪ŵλ㹻ǿ
ЩƬɫɫŵλ߹
һƬÿһƬԴСЩʯϵļȡǳƵָ̬˻
֮չֳ
ϵչֳǴž˵Ĳ
ҶϸϸĹ۲Щɡ
Щ֮Ϊǿ֮һԵƥΪصǣǵϵÿһļ۶صĴ컯˹񹤵ĵ̡
ҶĹ۲죬һöӶҲʼ֮ڲϵųΪǿҵĹâ
âչ֣
չΪǿҵĹ⻪

ϵ
ҶȻһһȭʱգ֮⣬Ű˲ͼ֮У

³һɫĹ⻪˲䱻һֻСȥ漴չ߷ɡ
֮֮
ݲǰƴСȴԣȻоҶ³һ֮дźεȵǿᾫ
ҶɣоԼ˵궼ڵõһεĹĦԼİӡȭٴε
ϣ
ǰһҶ΢΢һ漴Ŀٱߡ
һεɣԭӵĿ£
ԼʵҶ˵ĪĺôȻиĿģ
ħϿ֮һ޴ϵĹ֮У˶վţЩܵ㹻ˣ
һεʥսһ㹻¼ʱȴֻˣɼһεʥսǿǺε֮ࡣ
ܹѰҵǿ֮УҲЩĵеٮٮߣ
ߣôƣȻôˣȴһˡ
һλ׵ĵ̲ס˵
˫ۻſµ˫Ŀ֮˿˿ĺâ˸ϣаĲչֳһɱ֮ϵӿһλߡ
һҲӶԷΧγһƬյ̬Կĳ
˵ǻֵһǿߣʣ㵨ҵŶԷ˵𣿡
Ц˵
ʲôҵģ
Էɫһ䣬ȴû˵
ܹΪֵһǿߣԵľͲߣûνԣȻҲȥ׵ǡ
˵һεʥսǰʮǿ߶нҶǸ໥ĽͣһǿߣǻõһµıǿĺôǺ
е̲סĿʼĽ
ߡ
⻰̲ס˼ʵĺܣ
磬С磬˵һõһϵ磬̲һС磬Ȼֻǧ׵ķΧȴûʲôǿһ
һʱ˵ɫʼ仯
ϵСһֱǱӵжûϲóǵһܣʵ̫ǿˡ
ٺٺ١ҿ˵ʥǵһСӸնɱˣǽһĻ֪᲻
С𣿡
ˡ
һƿͻȻı
ƿǿᵽ˼£˿˿ķԷĲ
ǸԶȴҲԲ
ž
Ӱ˸
еĳһȥ
һ˫ɺӻ˽


1192 
׷趯Ȼ޷磬ȴ˿˿ʵʣ˫Ŀɺ쳣һİɫ۲ϵ˸ž˵֮
ҶѾ뵽ˣһεʥս֮п϶ǻ˱ɱģԵĲȴû뵽ǣȻôࡣ
ٴ֮УеĺĵҪռ˾ųϡ
ҶҲЩˣÿһλԺĳɾ;ԵĲ
ڽ뵽Ϲ˲䣬ҶıԲѾٵâεˣЩ޲ǺĵĵӺʹµӣЩҶȴ⣬෴ǣԼעļâ档
ЩâǿɢģҶ²ĲѾǱԼնɱĵӵĺ̨˵еĳΪԷǿ󣬼Ҷ첻ȥĲȴҲԸо
ǵһǿ𣿡
Ҳ˰֣һʵҲֻ֮ΪֻСѣôܻΪеĵһأ
ǣӱǿĶˡ
˵˵ϵõ䱦
ϻɱôĺĵӣôܲ䱦
ϵ쳹
ܿϹ֮г۵ӵĺܡ
Ҷüͷ΢΢ȴû˿⣬ڵӵǿʵȫĿӵԷȻҲͲˡ
ྲ
ȻĴ
һͨһӻĳ˹֮Уϴ֮ɫĺȵ
䡭
ϢʱϹǿµϢ㹻˵ĺʼôزѣЩϢĸо
Ȼ꣬һ˫ȴĲϢֻоǧ֮£ĥ֮Żγɵӣǿ
ǲȻǲû뵽ҾȻҼ˲
ǰû뵽ȻĿԼ˼ңľѾΪһ˵ˡ
°ԷʵڴǾʱڱԺԼ߳öȼǿ߶սնɱУһµļһ

˵Ҷ΢΢һ漴ĳ˿˹ȥ
飬ҶҲ֪һЩϾ㴫˵ҲѲעġ
ȻڶԷϵ·ԵøЩ·һ𣬾ͷ·һƬƬƬһ㣬ŴСʱԼĸĸˣȴҲ֪ʲô
Ȼ䶪һϵ߿֮У浽ߡ
Σ»ǳ˵Ļˡ
ǲȴûȥǱȺΪþõĺһ棬Ҳһ˿˿ߵıǡ
Ŵ˵Ըһ㣬׺ݲбڵ鵽Լֽ֮Լĸ׸նɱˡ
ȻĺݶȴҲûм˵ȥһԷʵǿᣬһһʵһСǿ
ݡ
ƿʼѸٵʮһӰɵս˹ǰ档
Ҷͫ΢΢
ʮһӰÿһǿƥϢΧݣۻĶ˫Ŀ罣߲ɣ쳣߻쳣
һ֣ȴ޲Ǵž˵ѹ
΢΢ĳʮһϴŹɫȻʮһ˵൱𾴣
ٵĺĵӵҲ¶˼˷ԼɫΪʮһ֮ǵĳ
һҫ
ʥսˣʥսǰʮĵӽõͣǰǿ߽õһöһʸ񣬽뵽ʥѧȥѧϰϵվԼڵƿ
һλ߻Ŀ˵
˵ϴŵЦ⣬ɫƺǸоΪȤ
ǵģʱеĵ϶Ÿɫ
мнΡߡ
ѧϰ𣿡
Ҷ΢΢һ
Ҳ˵
˵ܴĻʥľ޴ȴҲû˿ȥĦģʥľ޴󻹴ķ棬ϣ
ʥͺһ¶
ڲϵתΧͺ֮Уһǳһ㣬еǳ磬Ծν
һҲֻЩϵļӲŻ֪˸Ĳ֪ģΪЩǼ¼Ϊϵ֮С
Ҷ΢΢һһεʥսĶҪֲԵĲֻѡԼļôļ򵥣ЩмĵӾȻûеõѶϢȻһεʥսҲֹļΪؼľġ
򡭡һϵʥأʥΪĽӽһǳž޴Ĵȥͣ˺ܹܶ࣬뵽еȴ࣬ΪҪĵӲֻҪǿ󣬻Ҫ£
ҶаԵ˼
һ޴Ļᣬ򴴽ʱ䣬ʥҪˣԵĻǺڴܹС
ʥӡǵһĳνҲѵѡ뵽֮У㽫õϵҫļҲΪԵʶʼøǿ󡭡
һλ߻Ц
һλߵĳ趯ģʵϴ׵Ĵͷ·Ҫشһ㡣
ÿµļһ˵̲һֺҵѪƵĲѵ˵ҹսǿ߲ɣ
Ҷ΢΢һ
뷨û˿ĴΪ˲Ǳҹǣ
Ҷ費̬ҹǿνǶԽϲ
ߡջֵУе˿ʼվã
һλĺȵ
ȻƲ󣬵ʵȴĲ˸
˵ϴſµĻϢҶٴεĿ˶Էһۣ˲ıоһӿһɾ˵ѪϢ
һѪϢƺǻľһ㡣
һǿߣ
Ҷͫ΢΢
һΪʥӣǰ
ߵݺݵ˵
鷳˰ɣСӾ˵նɱʥ˰λߵ棬֮УΪǿˣʵ˵Ѿﵽ˴ͨľ磬ս»ǿġ
˵϶ʲô
ҹЦЦĿŶԷĽе
ߡ
ɫݺݵس鴤һ̣һöӵС
һöȭͷСľʯһóǲçϢ㹻ĹͨŽı˳
С硭С簡
̲סļ
ҶҲ൱ĿģСĻбž޴򲨶ͷ򣬵ʱԼķҲµġ
һС磬һżȻĻµõģڴ㣡
ɫޱȣ˵
Ҷɫδ䣬ǰ֮˵ʵСάϵڴͨҵ̬ԵǽԼˣǼڲʵﵽ˵ĵزҶ춼о⻹
һöʯ棬ӡγ˾̬ǵһöʯ˲Ҷɫȴ̲סΪ֮һ䡣
а硭϶𣿡
ҹɫѿޱȵĵ


1193 ǿ
ʱҹ𣬼ҹǵɫʼЩѿ
΢΢ĳ鴤Ϣʼĵ
ļǿ΢΢һ㶣Ǻܿȴ⾧ʯֵĵ㲨漴ϱȻ
һö֮ʯ
ÿһö֮ʯһĳΣҪںϺʹΪ磬ҪȴǺķѴľֻ⾫ĺķѳ˳˵֮ʯļֵȻܴ󣬵ܹγȴ١
ʱһö֮ʯ棬˵ĺɫâһö֮ʯ͸ĺܡ
֮ʯһִ˼µľʯڲûбŮһ㴿ϾƳΪ֮󣬸ӵĻ˵ıô¡
ڵһö֮ʯԵѾаǿеİռˡ
ǺεȵĿӵ飬ľһöϵ֮ʯ
ԭҶĶͣĻԾһЦеаϢѾȫĸ˶ԷĴڣû취ʹãҶõʥսʹ͸Ǹߡ
桭㵱ΪɵӲɣ
ҹǵﻺ˵
ҹǵƢεȵĺãǴʱȴҲ̲סĿʼŭ
ǺǡλҪŭģһҲź
ε˵
𣿵ǿ˵õģ˶εĺͽ֮һö֮ʯΪʥӵĽͣȴźճ
ҹεܹŹԷ飬൱ǿӲ
ǺǡһȷʵЩˣҲһε飬ڲǰҵһ֮ʯ໥ײһû뵽һ̲֮صֱӵĵ֮ʯʼ仯Ϊڵ̬˵Ҳֻ˵ˡ
ƨ
ҹЦź
ҹϷҹսţܹϷִһεʥսȴϷģϾʱ㻹ֻһС
ҹĻһһŭ̬ڵĿʼ̲סĽ
λҲǲСĶѣϾֻһ⣬ҿ鲻Σ
һش
֮ϴŹӺǻ۵Ϣһ
˿˿ʥϢУȴ˿ûѹȵ̬
ǵ˶ԷƵһ֮Ҷȴ̲ס¶һĨ㵵ɫܿ뵽һݡ
鸵
ڶԷҲֹһڶԷٴεĳһȻǺ֮
ʥ壡
ܿҶҲ֪˶Էݣ
鸵ĸףˣ
ԷȻῪڣȻҲ˵һͼˡ
Ե֪ԼĶ鸵ΪԼԵʡ
оҲֻһ⡭ѣ
ɱﵭ˵
˫ĿȴĿҶ죬˿ûڸԼҶɱ⡣
ͷõĲҪһ۾ңҽԼеɱֵǿҵ𣿡
˻˵ʱ̣һȴĴ
Ҷ죡
ҶǾ㵵֮п˵ˡ
˿ûؿԣǱҹӵǿӲ
Сں˵ɣ
ɱɫһ䣬ɱȻȻĿʼ̤˲Ҷǰ
ͷʹˣͲҪˣѲ˵ġ㣡
ҶԽĶ
һ𣿡
ˣ϶ǷˣȷʵҲǰһõһߣǲʣµľŸ˵ıȷʵЩܡ
׳հɱɱһǿߣɱǿߣڳʮһ֮УΪµһλϵɱ㹻һλǰ߳׵ıġ
ǺǡСкϷˣΪԼʥӣһ𣿡
ĺĵķּҵӵϴ󲿷ֵ¶˿˿Ц⣬Ц֮ȴǴŵֻ̬
áҹսˣսѪˬ죬ҹ𿴺㣡
ߡһСȻ˵ķҪúõĽ̵һˣ
˵ĺȵ
һֻƻѸٵĳҶϿʼѹȥ
һֻķģÿһķĶǴǻۡܣ
ǰһǿ˼µƻ
һƷǳҶĵ￪ʼչġ
ң
ҹɫݺݵһ䡣
оСҪĽһ
滺˵
ߡҹǣȻҹսˣʺϳ֣ǲ̵һɡ
ɱ滺վҹǵǰ˵
䡭
µһ̷ı˳
ǿȻ֣ǻеļλڿ֣ѡվֹҹǺҹ
ȺɵСˣ
ҹĺȵ
˫Ŀɺ죬˲֮УѾֳݺݵѹȥ
ҶһţҹսţǾԵĲҶܵ۸ġ
ҹҲһ㡣
Ȼѡ˳֣
ɱȴҲǳصģʱȻѡ˸˻ʱ䡣
һͨǿߣֹϷǷȫҶЩĵӿȥģŭ˿ĲСҸǿ
ѹ
ǻ֮ʢ֣֮仯ٻ𵴣ݺᣡ
һ֣ϵɱУ
ǴѵǴҶ
ҷϵĵ㻹ôţ
˵ĺ

ʱһ쳹ֻһ֣ȴſ¶Ϣ
𡭡
һ̱


1194 ֮Ѫ

ŭ𴫳˲֮УҶȭͷֻ֣Ƭ̣ȴѾռ䶴һ㡣
һȭɱԵû飡
ҶȻ˵ʵﵽһô˵ĵز
ʱбĻԼԻ϶Էһ
֮㹻ٵأ
֮ɶգ
Ҷﵽ˼£ﵽ۷壬ħϿ֮УĦ壬ԼİӡȭƿغĽһµĲΡ

һֻ֣·أ
һʼ𣬴ضڷޱ䣡
һ̣һֻµĽɫ֮ѾȻ˺գݺݵؽԷݺݵ赲˹ȥ
֣֮֮ȭͷ
˵ɫı仯û뵽Ҷ쾹ȻĺһԿԵ
¡¡
籼һ𶯿ʼ쳹һ̣ضΪߵ𶯿ʼ÷
ϵգһɿµˮһ㣬Ĵ֮ʼߡ
ߡ
žžžž
ա
Ҷһֱӵź濪ʼǿе
һһ̳׵Ļƽƽ֮Уȴ˸ɱ֮
϶ĹľǼݻٰ춯
ž
ߡ

߳壡
󲨶Īʼչ
һ̵ʱ֮УսҲѸٵĽȻ˵ʵòķӣȴӵա
ʱҹҹߵʵǷȻڵһʱ̱Ѿǿе˵谭
ʲôһﾹȻֿסʮһеһǿߣʥ˿ʥĳƺҶʵȻԵֿסԷһУСӵʲôʵ
˵̲סʼĽ
ʮһǿҲʼı仯
һϴſɱ⣬γɫӥӡ
˴Ҷ֮Ȼûѡ֣ȴҶоһһֱڰеĹ۲Լֿµɱʥˡɱ桢Լ涼С
׼ΪӵһεʥսɣҪ֪һεʥսǱӵģ˵ƣǴȥĻ»ᱻ˽ǵļġ
ҹǵﵭ˵
ңҹսˣս˵ţΪӲҶǲɣ
ҹЦ˵
ɱɫʥޱȵɫҪ̬ϾȻûɱҶ죬ʥһĳ֣ȻҶ谭סˡ
Ǻεȵ裬ԺҲʮһ֮УΪһˡ
ܺáܺá
ɱЦ
ߡȻ˵ĻóΪ
ݺݵ˵
͡
һƿ֣֮ʱĿȻһɿµ
ʮǿߣÿһλĵӶʥӵĴڣΪǿģȻ˵ĻǾͲһ
ĺ
䡭
ȼգ
ȼգ
һɫذ׳֮ϣٶ֮쳬Ѱ֮˵
һ˸һȴѾҶǰһγΪĺۼ
棬ң
̫ѸˣҲ˻ȥӦ
ֻ֮ϣһۼȻγһµȼճ

ϳһâ
ҶȻоһâľ˲ﵽһôµĳ̶ȣּϢŰףԲԼ棬ʹ
ߡ
һ
򡭡
ʱѾǵİ׵ķΧޱȣ죬Ҷʩչڳ˸ĳ̶ϣһâȻķٶȣҶС
̬ͷ·ҪԶ͸Ҷһ㡣
һذף
ⷺźɫͺɫ໥ϵ̬Ҷ̲סЩ
ذ׵ķӸղŵĳ̶ϱԿĳ
ԼĿԿһƬ˸һֻӰӲϵߣӵĴһ˿˿Ϣ
ǹʱڵĲϣõݣ´ĥ֮󣬲γɵģ֮ʯҲֻԵѷɫˡ
ҹǵﵭ˵
˲ɣȴٴεһ
ҹЦ˵
ղʵǴԼҶ쳹׵ĻɱȴûִҶ쾹ȻסĽ
һö֮ʯȻˣҲûʲôôɡ
ҶЦĴһһö֮ʯٵķԼϡ
ǿеĸ֮󣬵ȴҶû˿Ӱ죬ԼŰ˲ͼԽһֵаϢٵ
ˣҶڰװ׵ĵõһ
Ƿζϡɱ֮ءľѧҶʵǿ
С
̲סֱ̬Ƕһ㣬Ҷȴ˿Ĳ⡣
Ǻǡͷлˡ
ҶЦ̬εȵǷ⡣
͡
âٴε˸˳
âɫӥǵӡ
һʵǿΪޣҶʱ򣬻Ǹо˶ԷɱⲨ
ѵ˵
ͻȻڿϵһâֻ˲µ̬֮Ҷ͵һ
ʮһʥ
ڻɱʮһʥʱһ¡
ʥ¼壡
һʥ¼ˣ
Ҷʮһʥļ֮ڵҵ˶Էļ¼
ħЫӣ
˵ʵ죬һµĴǿߣһһλʩ֣ǿֶ㹻ǿĪǵޱȡ
ݲʥ¼ƿ֮һʮһʥʦ
ʮһʥħЫΪõĵ֮һȻҲΪħЫеʹࡣ
ʮһʥҵһӡǣһԵǸоһӡǣûǲ̬ģģӿɵǺðħЫһΪ൱ĲбЫΪǾ൱ļǳġ
˵ĻҶ쵹ǲģһȴСˡ
ԷĴͺѾô򵥵ˡ
Ҷļ֮У֪ǰһһʮı̬֮ΪԼĳޣǿеʮ꣬ȥ
ˣɱ
΢΢һ֮УҶѾԼ˼ʽ
͡
һĺɫʼϵĲҶɢ
֮ʯаϢ
͡
âƣŰ˲ͼ֮еĺܣŰ˲ͼһ磬ľ޴ƥͿֲԵĲСС֮ʯԱġ
ҶȴԸоõ֮ʯڴ֮еЧܺã̲һϢԼĿռǽеĻԵĿһδɱ䣬γ̬
һ֮Ѫóˣ
ҹ𻺻˵


1195 
֮Ѫ
ĸ֮ˣɫϷ˸ı䡣
ϣǳ鴤˼£һԿµĻɫ۾ʱԷͫˡ
ںޣ
޵أ
ʥԭԳΪһεǣ޷ΪһȴҲ϶ʮʥ֮һ
ڣȴûбסеķŭ˲Ŀʼ˼¡
εܹޣ
֮ѪӦûʲô˰ɣ
ҹǵﵭ˵
ߡ
ɱ̲סķһߣȻҶҲ൱Ĳˬ
Ȼ˵ĻǾͿʼɡ
ҶüͷԵ
֮Ѫ൱ĺ棬Ҵ˵̬ԵĲһ֮
Сӡϣܹ
ɱЦ˵
룬ڵԵĿ֮󡭡
Ҷ˿õ˵
Բѣ
Ҷ㻰ʱɱɫӵı䡣
вϵķı֮ԵĻǴ㽫Ҷ˶׵նɱˣ
̬ʵ̲סķ
Ȼ˵ĻǾһ°ɡ
ӥǵħЫЦ
СӡСˡ
ҹɫ΢΢һ漴ĿٵסҶ塣
ʮһǿ趯

ȻȻȴźصϢ
˲֮УҶѾһǿΧһһɿµ֮䣬Ҷ˶ԸоԼΧʼȫжϵ
䡭
һâʥһ̬ٵһţһ̵ʱУҶѾʧȥټ
֮Ѫ֮һζ㹻һλ޵ʵ׵ɱģ˵СһµĻ㹻Ĵﵽһӿֲĳ̶ϡ
ҹﵭ˵
ʱѾ仯Ϊ˵Ȼӣ͸ղŵŽȻĲͬ
ҵ޷
ҹͻȻɫ䣬ٵĽе
ʲôôܣʵǿĵزΪʲôȴо
ҹֱӵŭ
͡
â˫֮м˳ʱҹʼŭˡ
ҶȫΪɱһɵġ
ҹõĲҪ࣬Ȼͨɱ֮ȴ᳢ĵֶΣ鲻ģõĸలȵ㡭
֮Ѫǹϵ챦һεǼʥȴҲѵõοĻС˵ĺ
Цһ׳ն֪һֻ
֮Ѫǹϵ䣬̲һպͼȡĻԵĿ԰Сӽ뵽ĳ̶ȣС֮ĳ̶ȣҪһ̺ͻۣ֮ѪεȵǿҶ޷˵еİˣСҪշĻѣ˵õģ˲㱻ɱˡ
ҵĵӣ̲սѪЩνѪҪǿĶ࡭
ҹǼƢٺãô˵ĳҲʼ÷ŭ
ǾĿԴɡ
ƺǿеղ̫ԾħЫӼæĴԲ
ʲôط
ҶٴεԼ˫Ŀһ˲䣬ǰһѾڿʼıˡ
һĿռ䣬Գ֮Ϊǵڶռ䣡
ĳ֡
ڶռ䣿
ҶıЩ㵡
ǵģڶռ䣬ʵ岢ûʧλûԭڵĵطΪǿ֣˽뵽һµĿռ䣬Ƚϵ鷳
Щͷ۵˵

Ҷ쵹ѵõļһ¶̬
൱ڣˮеӰһ㣬ȻʧˣӰȴûʧ㲻Ҫȥ⣬ʮһһֶȺ˻ûдﵽ̶ȣӦȾͿʼһƬռ俪֮ɵġ
˵ȥأ
Ҷ˵
ﵽһ׼ˣүǲ֪еʲô׼
̲סĽе
һһɣҲ²ûдĻ֮ѪӦصĵڶռ֮УֶܹοٳڶռģֻˣҵǺܺ棬ڶռ֮еǴʲôҪǿеתʮһǿ߲ſԿ
Ҷﵭ˵
˵ģǿʼǰŲȥ
ϴвʲôɣ
ҹ̲ס˵
ʱ֮ϣŸʥѾõǵĶͣЩÿһֶǺıڵȴӵڴҶ
֮ѪĴĻѾ൱ĲˣӲҪ˵ʹˡ
ұ졭
ҹǵ̲סĺȵ
һһʼԼиͣ
ߡСˡ
ɱЦ
ҪˣҲ֪浽Ǵʲôϵʮһӡǣֻ໥Ĵ֮󣬲Żγһڶռ䣬ʵ̫ǿˣСӵʵȻ㲻ǿ£ȴҲǿ󣬺ҶԿһжû·磬ԵĲǼ򵥵
ʥ˵
ߣ϶ģҪ²ģҾ˶εоԿ϶СӾԵ治Ϊ֮Ѫǿ϶̲һУǿǴ꣬˭ܹ
һħЫ侲Ϳ϶˵
ܵꣿ
ҹ̲סĵ


1196 
ӡǣ̲ž˵ܣˣҪӦ൱ѣӵĲҪ˵һСˣСӽ˫ѲŰӦõģ
Ц˵
ǰǴӡǣ̲Ϣ棬Խһλǿѹĳ̶ȣСǵȥֿĻûõġ
ɱı飬˵Ŀġ
ǵĺϸ
ҹЦ˵
ϵļͿµȴ㹻̲סĿʼвһǿĸо
ڱǣڷ
ôҹ㵱ΪЩ˺ҹս岻ɣϵɲֻҹսڶѣҲǳصġ
ʥϢ˵
ǣΪʥսҹսȥĲɣ
۲ѵ˵
ҹɫ䣬ۼҪ
𡭡
ҹͻȻĿ˵
ߡ
ҹҹȻŷĺܣǿеİסԼеŭ⣬ߺߵվﲻȥ
νĴ꣬Ǿеǿ꣬ǱͨǿҪǿΪԷȻʵҲ޵ģϢȴǿᵽ˼¡
ռ˵ľס
ƺû˿Ϣһĳš
Ҷ˫Ŀ˿˿Ĳ
¡¡
һŻͻȻɣŻŽɫĸ߹Ϣĸ߹˫
Żɣ˲֮Уһ·ʼ˿ߣΧС
ǡ
Ҷɫݺݵһ䣬漴Щ˿֮УһԴСľˡ
⾧Һ̬ȴǹ̬ϵ̬֮ת
ÿһεתƥ
嫶˫
ǡ֮Ѫ𣿡
γ˰ɫԴ֮ҶȻһ
ɴ⡭
Ľе
ľḻҶȻҲоŻ̲֮صܡ

Ż֮зϵ嫣ķ׶˻֮У˵ıǿе
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Ҷ·һ̱һ޴ɽѹ֮ϣѹڲϵ

Էٴεĺ
ʱ֮УѾע˾˵ɱ⡣
Ĳ
ҶȻжϡ
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濪ʼγǧѺۣÿһѺ۶ֱ۴ϸϵĳ֣ʱĿʼȥ
ÿµϢÿµϣǵĴǿ߶ᱻֲѹġ
Ҷл
Ҷ˵ȻѹСȴǿȥӦġ
ȻУǾҺĿ㵽жôĿ°ɣ
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һߴ
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ҶһܿıѾ²⡣
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ĵλǷʥ֮ҲĪӰ졣
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ԼڵĶǣǸ򣬶ֻǽӴʥΪĽӽ
ҲʹŽľס֮ΪʥǾ֮ΪغǿģʵȴˣʥĴڣҲֻǾ֮еһԪռ䣬ռ޾ľ֮УǺһˮɳĮ֮еһɳѡ
һϢѰϢһȻʥȴһɺɱ⣬ⲻһ򵥵ӦԪǿꡭ
Ҷĺӵһ飬֮ԻʦڵĽ֮ѪҲѡ
ֹʥ˭ң㰵ԵңˡһĲ
Ҷϴ˿˿ɷݺݵغ
ֹʥ㾹ȻȥֹʥСӣ㻹ȱԼ˵ɣ
Ҷ˫Ŀ΢΢ɺ첻ϵıϴЦЦɫһӰг֣ް룬˫ĿĿ࣬Ȼһ˫۾ȴʮа˼£һ㲻ʲôˡ
ΪԳԶ꼴ǿ󣬵ȴҲҵĶ֣ˣһȫˡ
ҶЦŽе
Сôİ˵ķѹ
һ̣Ҷڲ֮ȴ·ǽˮһй˳
ü֮УӤֳһìȻļԦ̫ʮѪʼС
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صľޱ䣡
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ʲôΪʲô纣죿ܵģ㲻ܴﵽ㾳ģĺȫĲܳϣ㵽˭ֹʥ쵰ݺҡ
Էŭ
̣֮ҶȴԵĲһġ
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껯˳˺򣬲ϵӿļٴεĸֳ


1197 ۷
ֹʥԭˡ
Ҷ˫Ŀâ˸֮Уǧ׵ĵز֮ռ䶼ڱԷ˺ѡ
һΣҶõΪϾ꣬ȻҲɹĵõļ䡣
Ͼһ˲õΪ˴ﵽ˴ͨھ۷ĳ̶ȣֻǲһԽ뵽֮еķˮ룬ҲǴǿߺߵķˮ룬첻𾳣
Ǵ첻𾳺ͨ۷ȻֻһĲ࣬ȴҲ֮𣬲ϾҲţڽʱȴΪ߻ħԱ
ȻϾΪ˶񶾣˵ĵ˲ٵˣڵõ˶ԷϢ֮ĵ˿ʼѡ׷ɱ
һΪǴԪǿߣŲ·֮еֻǱӴܣֹʥһǿߣʵϾǿһ磬Ҳ˵һʵѾһ첻𾳵ǿߡ
ֻҪǲܵصĴˣǾǲˡ
໥ʶǶĺѣΪ˱֤ϾİȫҲΪܹĵ߲뵽ʥս֮Ҹᡣ
ʥսֻʥŻӵУΪʥԵͨڵ͵Ͱȫķ濼ǣֹʥǽһͶ뵽
ֹʥܺãǵӾӽˣȻѡְ˲ϾǾǺԣҵʵеĻĲɹǳΪϾĿܣӽˣĵӣʵֻҪǽ뵽˴ΪǾͿԺʹͨǿӲӲĶԿҵŰɡ
˿˿ḡ֣ҶٴεĿһۣһ޴ĽɫŻ
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һ޴ŻʼҶı֣ĶŻʼϵǧٱĵزһĺɫֱۡɫֱۡɫֱۡ
ֱۺݺݵڻ㵽һ𣬷ץסһ޴İ׽ɫŻ
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ʧȥ˲Ͼ֧֣һŻȻɾǿܣʵȴղҪСĳ̶ȣҶʩչһжƿ֮С
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ŶԷֱ۲ϵĿʼܿģѾһ޴ĽɫŻȥ
һɫŻȻǿ󣬵ȴûƿأֻܵΪڳɳܿҶа֮ѾԷںȥ
䡭
ں֮Żٴεı
ɫ·Ÿ߹ͭɫ·ʷͳɫ·ƻ
طڲĿϢϵȥ
Ż֮ںϣҵںʵһģеںϴһֳɳһǿҵԨ֮ŵǿɵģֻҪҲϵĴźܿһŻǿҵΪʼıġ
Ҷϴſ϶ɫ˵
ͻأľʱԭƽ꺣Ȼһ˲ʱһֿµĸı䡣
ƽ֮ϵķڣſµƺ⺣һֻ޴ħһ㡣
СҲϾǲģҵǱѹסģҵʵǴͨ۷ǿߣεĻҵĶ֣
ϾĻһְʮϢ
ô᣿
Ҷ̲סĽһ
Ҷ캱顣
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һӰ˸ϾȻƾԼļ俪ʼµ
һּأһֳأҲǴڵĸ֮һȴҲֻǿ߲ʸ
Ϊڼ֮дӡǣ㹻ָҶȴǵһȻػ˵ĸо˾ȡ
ҿѹһΣȻؿѹڶΣ
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Ҷ˫ĿȻ˸һ˿
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ҪһöӡǼĴȥҲĲܵģ
ڿҶԴı飬Ͼɫ΢΢һ䣬һ̣ҶȻĶ
ΪһŹϵӡǣԵ÷Ľѹȥ𣿡
ռ򣬴ʱﵽ׵ó̶ȣһʩչ֮У˲䣬޴ˮʼ֣ϵϢ㹻ĺɱһеĴڡ
ܡǿռ򣬼ţ춯صǿ߶޷ôӵУ
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ǴʱҶǾԵĲ˿Ļģһƿأ˲Ŀʼɱ
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˫ȭ׽ɫĹ⻪ҫ֮ٴεչǳ֮ӣˮ֮ںϣһȭȥѣ
һȭҶѾ˱ɱ֮ģˣԵûи
䡭
Ͼ֮УǰǿһȭʱĶ塣
͡
һ쳹
ֻһöĿʼչһӡǣÿһӡǶ˿˿ӳ֣¶Ũչֳ
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ҶһʱĽһöץУУһ·Ť
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ʱûʱȥ˼֮ϣа֮ѹסԴС֮ѪѾҶ֮
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ڲϵɢֲϢڱŷϣ漴ݻ
ҵҵ־˭Ҳ޷ҡҳ
ŭ𴫳˲֮УҶڲķɢ
žžžž
ķĲϵҶ漴ٴε۳ΪһĻЩ֮ϴŷ࣬ǧǧۣŰڤʥϵ
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һ޴Żʱа֮ų׵Ļ˰׽ɫĹ⻪ҫǧ
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ŭǧڿ񱼣Ҷÿһľ֮У˷ǱѰЧ
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ǰôʱˣκΰκΣôõһţȴӢŰ
˺ɱһЦԹ˵
䡭
ڴʱһɿµϢȴȻı
һĴð
ĸ쵰ҡ


1198 ʥ
䡭
ֲϢ嫵ǿգˮƺƵѹȥΧһжƸǿеѹ
һ̣е˶оһɾ˵Ϣ
ʥ֮дǿ޷ȥ谭־
Ϣ֮УһӰѾ̤գվȥ
ÿһε̤㹻Ŀռ˳ƵһƬ
̶Ȼڳ˺ܶ඼ѣԷͬˮȴ൱ѡ
׷ɣɺʤü֮УһʮֽɢŹӵϢһϵӡһ¡
ⲻҶ컹˭
ʱ˿׵ĿҶĺ֮һֿµ˺ϢһһɽΧԪȥ漴ٴεÿһҲž˵ƻ֮
ԵʵԵʡ
桢ɱ桢ˣ𣿡
Ҷ˿ûп˵̬ûУӵ̸ʲôˡ
Сû뵽㾹Ȼ
ɱɫޱȣ쳣
ϵıҲòȥǱԷӵĽҪγˮ
СӺˣһʵԵǿˡ
һλĿ࣬һꪵЦ˵Ҷ֮ȴҲ˿˿ů⡣
ȴ
ʱź֮ŭꪣĳڡ
һСС֮޵ҶһȺŴͨϵǿ̬ȣԵɱɫȻѿ˼£ȴҲû˵ķΪռ˵ġ
Ǹӵ֪Ҷ챻ݺѾҹǺҹ𳹵׵Ķ쵽ˣڵҶǵػ֮УһĳֵĻǾ˺ҹսս
ɲһ£ڲǡ
Сӣò˵ȷʵܺãƾ㹷Ѫľ
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ɱǺݺݵؿ˿Ҷ죬ƺǽ˵ӶҪӡԼһ㣬ϢεȵľˣڵҶѾﵽ֮۷壬ǽԼ֮ƴﵽƶʮεľ磬ٴεε
Ȼѧƿ˸ǡɱ֮ءƿҲ뵽һµĲΣֻҪǸԼ㹻ʱ䣬ԼͿͻƣƵʱǿԴﵽʮҲǲܵġ
ֻԼͻƵ֮ʱ򣬳˴ֻѣȥͻƵĻ˵õĻԼһʷǰҪȥ˼һ
뵽Щ֮Ѿ𽥵˼ƽϡ
ЩǿߣҶ첢δһˣȴ൱⣬ǱħЫӣһĺܣһֱû˵ǰֳԼɱ⣬ҶȴԸоĳ
ߡȺ׳գҪᣬλҹս룬λС
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Сӣӿ㣬һ֧ļ壬ӻǿ㣬㹻ζϲ㡭
Ҷ챻һһĴЩˣһĻôôıŤء
ܿ˶Լ뿪
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ϾҶɱ¾̫ĿˣɱЩĵʵ̫Щ
ЩĵǹϣȴҶ˵նɱǺεȵΪ˺ԵģԺ֮Уҹս彫Ų˵ۣǲҹս壬ҶȴҲ൱Σյġ
ߡ
ҹǵ˵
˵ֱҶֱۣ˳ƵԾ
飡
һȭһգ˲䣬һµĺɫѨ֮УǺڶת·صϢ
þ˵ֶΣҵֶΣҲǾԵ޷˵ĳ̶ȣ
ڵҶƣҲǿʮʮһӳֳǾʵĸı䡣Ȼ۹Ҳʼ߳˺ܶࡣ
䡭
ǣҡ˲֮УҶѾʼǿеĺ
ǴͨǿߵĿ֮ҶʱҲڵĿʼоԼɱŭʵҲʹȻԼǿŭ޷ƥеĸоСԼվĵõʤ
˵ҶȥԿĻԵĿԲҪķԭȥ֧֡
ڵ֮ھ۷Ϊʵʮļӳ֣ԿʤԷ
СӣʲôʵģˣŻһ·̵ʱ䡭뵽˼֮ǻæġ
ҹǵ˵
Ҷüͷ΢΢һ漴˵
ھһֱǺ˽⣬˵أƺʥǾΪǿĵطΪʲôȴֳôĴڣ
Ȼõôļ䣬Ҷȴûϵͳ˽ɵ˲Ͼ֮ҶȻģӡȴΪϾĵطԼڵλòһȻ˽Ҳˡ
һ㣬Ϊһּҵӵ˵ܹ˽ȷʵǲģ򵥵˵ܴ󣬴ó棬ʥҲһȽСĴڶѣڵĳ̶˵ĻҲһͼλãһͼԪռ䣬ΧĴԪемĴԪռ䣬еԭʼĴԪռ䣬и߼Ԫռ䣬ʥԪħôԪռ䡭֣ЩԪռǿµ˼£άϵһĻȴ֮Ϊ磡
Ҷкݺݵһ
ô͵Ļ֮ǰĲ²ͳ˺̶ܴϵĵ߸ˡ
񵽵ʲô½ֻ֮һʲôϵΪʲôɱ½ȥ
ЩҪͼƻ½ʲôԪǿߣ
ЩƺٴεĳΪһʿʼγҶԺ֮С
Ҷڸӵĸоļԡ
ôĻǾ˵ϹβһԪ߻ڸӸ߼ĴԪˡ
ڰҲԵĲǺԼеôˡ
¶Էǿᣬӵĳ̶Ƶٴ˺ܶࡣ
ĻѰ鷳̶ȡԵ
ҶЩͷ۵˼
Ȼʥ֮в󣬵Ԫ֮ȴǶˣۼǿߣϼǿ֮һЩһЩǿԪǿ߶׵ǵġ
ҹǽ˵
ϴ˿˿Ц⣬Ȼҹս֮вǿߡ
ҪˣڵĿӺúõĺһˣ⼸ձӶ쵭ˡ
ҹԼĶ˵
ˡ
ǰһ⻪ʱĲҶĸоһҫ֮У˸ʥ
ڵҪ𣿡
ҶԾԾԵĿǰĹâڴ˵


1199 ҹ
ʥ
ʥ
ʥ֮֮أ
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֮д޾Ĺ⻪˸ϣҫأ²ϵĹ⻪֮УĿдŵһɶô˵Ϣֱ۴ϸγʵʣ·һֻ˳Ĵ֩һ㣬ϵͷԼ֩˿ߣӵҪչ
Χȴ·Ǳһǿסһ㣬˿޷
ʥ֮ŵĿҪʸҪһµʸ
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ʥΨһǲǿ󣬾Ե޷ﵽʸġ
Сᱻ򣬱ᱻѹǿȻʥ൱ȣȴҲ׵ЩС֮ҪðΣȴҲûʸΪǿѰȴվû;
еıԪء׵硢ڰﶼĸоԪӵŨ˳ǧϰٱĵز
Ҷһ˾վ֮ϣҶڸоĲ֮Ҳ̲ס¶һĨɫԪؾ˼£ܹƽǸԪƵ̶ȣԵĲһֶογɵġ

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һ֮һͷ·һģϴһ˿εֹͣ

һٴε³һ³Ĺ⻪˸ϣȻγ˻ƽ̬
ȻǽԪ֮ġһڵı³һڽԪ֮ģ
֮Ԫе֮Ϊǿģ޵ƻֲĹ޲еףǽ֮ԪصϬ˿ûа취ȥģҹȻԽ䵱ǰ̬ɵȥʹãʵҶٴεĶһʵһµʶ
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ÿһεʩչҲ漴Ĵﵽһµѭ
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Щ޵ԿҶ֮۵ǰһжޣ׵ĿĳЩνʵϣÿһֻͳֻԼſµѪѡ
ǽ棬ʥĹ⻪ϵ˸漴۳Ϊһ棡
ŰԵͣͬһŵսһ¡
ҲҶ뵽ҹս屻Ϊսһɡ
ϵشд룬ÿһ˵޲һǿҵĽϢһ壬һӵһе塣
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ȥ۲죬Ҷ㿴һΧľʯǶ·Щʯϵ漴γһ޴ķ󣬽ؼһٵУٴݻеĵʹá
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ҹȻǲϲ̫֣΢΢ĵͷʾ֮УٵĴҶС
͡
ƿյʼ֣ӰȻҶ֮УʱҶѾ뵽ҹսڲ
һС͵֮ضѷɫĳ档
ʱһ˽뵽һ޴ϵĹ֮С
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ЩǹޱȵĿλϺǣڿҶ쾹Ȼʸǵ̲֮סĺ˵
ӣְս񹬵ЩҪҲҪصͽ֮вʸģֻǲʸĽ룬СΪʲôԽ룿
ֻ֮ΪˣĵӲЩǣ˫ΪһλҲֻҹˣ˵ҹѾħϿˡ
ߣвԱУС̫ĽˣĻ˳ģһıһλϳҿ˵նɱҹһλּҵĵӣѵǴ˲ɣ
ӵĻɾͺˣϾҹıĳڱ֧һҹϲĺˣһֱڿĵ࣬СӵĻ˵СԺ·߶
Ȼ˵ʥսãһЩǿߣȴҲѾԺյĺˡ
Сӣ˵Сĵ㣬Ҫץס˰ѱҹս֮зֳһɱЩˣһЩ˼ظֻȥ״С
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ѵ˵Щˣǲ㽫ǳõȥĻҹսķչƺʲô°ɡ
Ҷ˵
ЩˣҹսѪֱ⡭
ҹǵĻش
ȴһΡ
λĿ͸߻˽
Щÿһλ·Ǽ̬ʵȴȫſµϢصޱȣȴɱҶ춴쵽ˣĸϼһʵÿһλȻѾﵽ˴ͨϵľ磬ΪǿһλǸоҹǶС
λʥսһսָλѾ֪ˣҹսķּңҶ죬ΪʥսʥӣɼһҲ˵ĳΪĴˣ֮󣬱㽫򱨵ҹսҫ
ҹ˳֮󣬻ĳ˵
ǣһεʥսҹս˵Ҳһξ޴Ŀ飬ɱôĺĵӣѾһˣҹսʱĶž޴ֻ
һλ߻Ŀ˵
ɫޱȣſµϢʵﵽ˴ͨΪһλǿĴڡ
ҹᣬں²ɣ
ҹ˵
Ҷ˫Ŀâ˸ɵҹļ䣬Ȼļǵߵļλǿߺ̨ҹǼλ֮һұ֧ҹ䣬ķҲȻҶע⡭


1200 Ϊ
ҹ˫ĿĿҶ죬˿ûڸԼϵɱ⡣
ɱ糱ȻʱȻĻһֻͻһ㣬˺ҧճҶѹ
ս񹬵ȻҲҷѣ
СӵʵһѣҲ֪Ƕ˺εȵֶξȻõ˵һΪؼڣ˶ҹսڼû˿ĹУԼֳ˶µȥ֣ﻹ罫ʸ񽻸ڼգնɱĺã
˵䣬һֻȻĳУһеʩչصķڷľۼ
һֻǿеѹƣ˱ħ죬˿û棬˵־ͳ֣
¡¡
Ʒ֮УȻ̼ıѾһȫ𿪡
˵ʵҹսڼ֮ҲǲģΪǿļλ֮һ˸ķá
ң
ҹŭȵ
嶯ƣҪ֡
ʱҶȴѾǿеȳˡ
ӡȭȭȭӡ죡
һȭӶ˿ûԷһֻơ
һֻӡȥǷķƶ˷ϵϢϵһ𣬵ҶһȭȴֱӵĴһ֮ƺǻŵһ㡣
һضΪһȭĳֶ
ơ
ʮƣʮļӳ֣˲֮УѾʼ
Ҷʱκεһˣʵͨ޵У־ﵽ۷壡
һȭ壬ٴεĽӡȭһаһµĲΣһ̣һȭĳ֣˶Ϊһһ㡣
䣡
ֲıһֻ޴ƣ·һɽһ㣬ǾڴҶԴϿղһ׵ĳ̶֮ȴȻıըѿǧĹ⻪˸
ݺᣡ

һŭȴ
Ҷ˾ȻܣһȭҹĴӡ֮󣬸ӵĿʼ˲֮УѾʼԷ
ա
Ų̤㣡
裡
֮ǿԶһе谭

ң
Χĵŭ
ҹɫ̲סһ䣬Ҷһȭ嶼ɿµơ
ǲϵѹ
ôܣСӵľֻ֮Ϊ춼㲻ϣҵʵǴﵽ˴ͨľ磬ҹǺҹ֮⣬ҸĲκεһˣСӵʲôˣ
뵽Щ֮ɱ񱩵ӿ
СӲܹûĻң
վһΨһ뷨
뵽ЩеɱǴﵽ˼¡
ȻҶʵˣǸղŵҲǶ˰˳ɵѣڵẦҶ졣

ƶȻĺʮȻ˲佫ѹ˫ֲϵĺʮǿȻͼһٵѹ顣
Ҷȴ˿Ļᣡ
µ߲ӳֵ˰ĳ̶ȣ˱ǹâҪѸ١

飡

ҹɫ΢䣬æҪ
ʱ򣡡
ҹͻȻ˵
ϴǵʲôʱˣСҿ군ˣҹᾹȻԽĲ֪ˣȻʱ֣Խķˡ
ҹǵȻû˵ϵıȴ൱ࣺ
ߣһλ֪˭ԿأҶСһȻʶʱ仹ȴ֪һɱͨŭҲŭԵ֮һŭʵȻֻдͨΪȴΪЩֶΣСӾȻԻɱԷһʱĻǳԲ˿ģ
ɱˡͨǿߣ
ҹɫ䣬Ǹ޷ŵɫ
䡭
һ񱩵ı֮мҶŭҹƺߵ
߾ȻڽĽӴһˣ
еһ̳׵ĳ޲Ǵ޷ŵɫ
Ҷȭͷ͹ԣݺݵسҹǰȥ
һȭȴԷǿеĵֿסˡ
Ҷɫû˿ĸı䣬ֻһɺȴ¶˹Ĳ
ҽн֮ս𣿡
˫Ầ£
ž
ȭͷȻŤתΪϬͷĽ֮
ǳ֮ڼӳ֣ʱҶһĽâһ㣬˲֮У˳׵һ㣬һȭȭĳŶԷϮ˹ȥ

ҹȵ
˦

ֲ˺ɿµľһ㡣
ʱĽŲȴڻĳź浹˹ȥ
ôܣһﵽʲô
ۻҹƺںˣ
ۻˣѵҲۻ𣿡
ôˣ

ľ
ȻѹȥǻǱҹˡ
λȻҲǾޱȣȴû˵ֻһ˫Ŀ֮ȴ޷ŵľϲ֮ɫǲǺҹһ·ġ
ҹᣬʱνпвǰҶ·һ߲һ㣬һȭȭÿһεĽ˭ıоԼĺʼ
һ֮սǿ
ҹڵĿеԵʣ
ڲڷڵѪ
˭ҹսڣǻʯﰡǾԼȴҪһ֪С˶ٱĺԿԼǻˣ
߲ϵĴ˵˶ڲϡ

һĺ͵ڶߴ
Ҷ˫ȭ˫ɱ̬ɫĹ⻪˸
ǧʥ֮͡ҫ֮󣬲ҫ֮ѸٵĳУ
ɱ

ǰȻıһ⻪Ȼֻǰٷ֮һѣҹỹǱǿеȥ
͡
ҹͬǼ˹һ㣬ĵ˵˰֮⣬ϵĳ۴ʱѾѲǱ̬ȴҲںĺܣЩȴҪ֮¡
ΪҪǣЩСǿԼ̬
˵ɱӵѿ
ҹʲôʵʲôݣ
Ҷʲôʵʲôݣ
ȫһֳ׵裡
ڼǿߣˬǷҪöˡ
Ҷ΢΢ĻһĻߣǼ̬ȴû˿ڸǵʾ
С㡭ң
ҹɫڱ仯ԭ̣ٵ졢ɫٵõĺɫ
ʱȫĿҪˣ
ҵţ
ݺݵһ֮ҹ̲סĺ
ĻſԽҶնɱģһݵ裬ȴ޷ڸסҪһǿ󱲵ֻú޺޵뿪
Ҷ죬ҹսĺĵӣҹΪھλϣλһ޶
ҹǻĳ˵
˿ûǻûԶҹᣡ
ۡ
һѪ̲ס˳
ҹᣬ׵̲סˣ
һβûֵôһ˵ĳȫҶ죬ʱһսƲۣȴѾ㹻ĽҶȥˣΪ˳Ҳֻ˳µģ
СϷɱ㣡
ߴҹĺ


1201 ع
ҵţ
Ҷû˿ԥֱӵĴ˵
ûжٵİԵ෴ƽ·ںԼҵİèһ԰ס
еǿӲ̶ȣȴҲԵһ޷󵽵ġ
Ȼҹ뿪ȻȣȴӵľҹǵĻ
ϡΪϣ
һŶꣿԵĲĳ̶Ȱɣ
ͿԳΪ𣿡
ƾʲôͺʲԳΪϵġ
˵ȻĴݳȻΪλڵԵʣǵСҲԵĿԱ
ûСһʵ͹ףȫĿԳΪϣӵҲʸ񡭡
ʣµλ˵
ϱҹսѪȻĶԼļ忼ǵĻһЩġ
ҶΪ˳ϣǾͺԼļǿҵϵʱĻԼļҲҶˮǴߣõࡣ
˭ʲôķ𣿡
ҹǵ˵˫Ŀ֮дѹ
ڣߵľߣ峤û˿ĸ档
ڸоҹǵĻ֮ƵĿֲȻȥѡ˳Ĭû˿ķʸ񣬶Ҵҹǵ֮УҲоԼȥֺҶ죬Ϊı˲ֹһλ֧һҶ죬Ҳ͵ڡ
ʱˮĻȥϵĻ֮УҶҹսѾյʱ䣬ʱ֮УҶ𽥵Ŀʼ͸ˡ
ҶȴĴ
Ȼʥ൱ŨȴҲûа취ҶͻƵļ
ȱȥһ°ɡ
ҹǵĻҶƣѡ뿪
Ļ쵰ڵ뿪ˡ
û뵽㾹Ȼѡôǵѡûдġ
ЩϻϷֻҪС
ߣҪСϵķ򣬻гޣȻɱҵĺˡ
СĴϾҲҹս壡
Ľֳ
Ҷ뿪ˣ
Ŀҹսķּңնɱҹʱ򣬷˶Էļ䣬ҹʮ컹ţֻǲ֪Ƿʸȥ
ҹҪշҹʮ죬ȴˣҲҹջһ㣬ĳҹʮǱܴ
û˽⵽ҹʮټĻԵĻصҹսķּ֮УûҹǵӦ֪ģȴûС
ҶӰ˸
ٵıߡ
ٶȾˣʱ֮УȻΪûеõٶϺתȴҲﵽһ˵ĵز
͡
ȻĻգҶ˻ٵĴĿռ䡣
ԺգԺգѾֵӡ뿪ҹս֮󣬲ٵļѾʼټ
ߡ
ҶȻ֪кܶѰԼȴҲû뵽ôĶ࣬ұ˸ٵĸо൱Ĳˬ̶̵·֮УѾնɱ˲λǿߡ
ô˵ĻȻкܶĺôȴٶȻһᱻ˸С
ҶŻֱӵĴʥ뵽
;ٴεʹô
ϸĵļ㣬ټһٶȺͿµֶΣ˺ܿҲʹòٵ˿ʼȴԵģֶλ˲˵Ĳ²⣬ҶгҲ˵ı˲²˳
һع鵽Լķּ֮С
ֻҪ֪ľλãǾͶ˵·һҪġ
һնɱţı˵˵ıҪõ
ɱ

֮Ȼ޷ݵҶĶߣǼǲҪȥ˽⣬ҶȴҲ֪Щ˵ʲô·󲿷ֵĶǹˣԼϣŲٵıɱһ塢ʥ塢ԼʥˣЩ˵ǣÿһλǴ㽫Լɱ֮ġ
ߡȵҵǰҾͻȥ޻أ
Ҷﵭ˵
ڲֻΪȥԼķּҿҲΪͻơ
ҲͻƵһֶΣҶţֻҪԼһ֮󣬾ԵĿľ磬ʱ򣬼ȺεĿ£ԼȴҲԵĲµģ
ɣǰһ޴Ҷϴ˿˿Ц⣺
ڵٴεĻعˣ
ҶΪ޴һطҲҵԼҪĶ˵̤˱ǿĵ·
ȻҹսķּңҶûжٵĺøУȴҲɷϵģԼ˲١
͡
Ҷ˫ĿɺȻıǣ
ٴεĻӶ絶ա
ߡ
һƺȻĳҶһࡣ
Ӱ˸صļһʹ˵Ĵ뿪
һ̵ʱ֮УҶȴѾǿеٴγˣ
ɣȻԸ֮ԵĴšɱ֮ءϢɱһ˰ɣ
ҶЦ˵
Сң
ŭ𴫳˼޷ʱĿʼ
ߡ˵⡶ɱ֮ءұ˵ӵ˽⣬ڵ㣬ûʸҶԿ
ҶЦӰ˸֮УٵĳŶԷ˹ȥ
͡
ӰٵıߣһѾɢ֮С
ҶһδתӰ׵ĺںϣںϣﵽһľ硣
ˣ
ռ֮ϣȻĳһɺ죡
ͻƣ
һɱ¾ϢݳҶ˻˳磬ȻĴ̴һƬա
Ѫʱ
ۣ
һҶƳѾ˶Էһ
򷢶ʱҲΪҶһ֡
Ǿ۷ǿɱһ廹Ŀңɱ棬лĻҵǺڴһαƴģ
ҶЦ˵˲䶴˵꣬ȡһм䡣
ĳ˵ɱʯǿҲģʱĻЩ鷳ˣ
˫Ŀ˸ž˵ɱ⣬Ҷﵭ˵
ͬʱһɿµȴĻ￪ʼ𽥵ıŷ
˵ǵĻҵҲڴܹǺײһ
Ӱ˸Ҷ˿˿Ĳٵĳһ޴Ľȥ
Сӣ㾹Ȼ𣿡
Ҷ뿪ãһĲʼݳ漴ļɢγ˵·һŻϢ
͡
ռ𵴣˲䣬һӰ˸˳
һӰ𽥵Ŀʼݻ仯ΪһĨ˵ףаĲϲϵĦѪϢ
֮Ĳĳҵǲġ
Ҷ뿪Ӱ˵¶һḬ֮̃ɫ˵


1202 ּ֮
˸ղڿң
Ҷ˫Ŀâ˸ѸٵĴգൽ֮⣡
֮۳ףﵽ˿µĳ̶ȣһۿǬ
һɫӰѸٵ˼£Ȼ̼ﵽʮ֮⣬Ӱȣ˿ûиҶᡣ
ġ
Ҷ̲סһȴ޿κΣղֻ֮ǲ׽һ˿ĺۼȴûпԷӡ
һϵϢ˿˿ֻ֮֮ȴϵ嫺ʥϣΪϵ֮ɢ˳Ҹûа취оԷ˾ȻԺɱһһ㣬˽ĳ֣Ϊ̫ĽʹĻҸûа취һϵһɿµԴ죬˭Ҽ֮ƺû˵ѶϢأ
Ҷа˼һ
Ǻܿٴǰ
ǿĲ٣Ҳһһʶ
תȥ˲Ե
ҹս壡
ԭ̬һģǿֲԪڷڣϵݻ֮УҲ漴ĳֳ
ЩԪЧǰҿҵľ֮֮ѾԸоеˣȻֻһּңȴзּ֮Ϊǿһ֧ˣϧǣʥ֮Уƨ㲻ϣһʥСͿԽеһǴƵΪ΢ĳ̶ȡ
Ҷ˵
ȴûȥ뷨
ҶһԹ֮ˣԼΪҹԵʣĲȻ˵ԼǿˣûǣּԼûʱεĶԴԼ

ҶֱӵĽ
Χķ޷ֹڵҶ죬ֻ΢΢ĶҶȻ˷ּҵڲ
䡭
Ұŭʨӣ𵴣
ʽ
һ£ǧ׵ĽȻɱ˹
⽣γɰ˵µӰӣÿһӰ涼һ⣬ÿһĽⶼ˵ĺܣһγһֽ޼̬
ƺƵ֮УѾҶٵİΧȥ
ռ䶼Ϊ͸ͺڰ̬ȻΧĿռѾǿе˺ˡ
Ҷ˫Ŀһ㣬忪ʼ
һȭ
䣡
Ľ·ǺѹƣһⱬƵ֣ʱĳɵĹԡ
һް԰ȭͷԿµ̬γɣ̼ıΪĽ
飡
ѣǰ˵ӰӸֱӵıΪޡ
ҶȻվɫĮ˿˿ĺȴǿԴӶԷϲġ
֮һλӣ֮Уһɫ񽣣񽣵ĽϵĲѪ˿˿ѪȾ˽һ˫Ŀ¶޷ŵɫҶ졣
ϣ
һ촫Էɫ񽣾ȻϳΪڣ

һִݳ֮۵Ķ֮УҶѾ׵Ȼ˴˵ʵֻһλ֮Ϊѣʵ֮УҲһǿˣǶҶ˵ȴǴ˵С

ĲҽӶԷﴫҶûиᣬָᵯ֮УһӰ˸Ϣ˶ԷӰķâʼ֣ʱԴѾ׵ѡ
ɣ
Ҷﵭȵ
ٻԷ˿ռ򣬶ǱȫĶ˹ȥ
ˣ˹ˣ徹Ȼϵһ𣿡
Ҷı̲ס¶һĨľ֮ɫ
ͷ˹壬뵽ħϿȵʱ췭ظе䱦ȡĶ㲻ʣȴû뵽ǱȻôĿ¡
ҶͻȻ뵽һ飬壬Լɱȥķ˹壬һȽ೤Ļɱˡ
壬ȴһص˼µ飬Ĵһֱû·ԭҶ컹ΪȽϵСһεʥս֮УҶȴ֣ӵܺǿ¡
Ǿ˵ķ죬һһǿᣡ
һεͷ˹Ȼһⲻһ°
Ҷ̲ס˵
Ӱ˸ʮȻĳ
͡
߳壡
ˣ
ʮÿһ֮ΪЩµ꣬ҶΪϵҲ˵ĿʼˮǴߵĿʼŷԼΪǿ
ÿһʹһɱ
壡
Ҷﵭ˵
Ӱ̤֮ʼ񱩵ĳ
һεҹսνǳ˲ٵֻ
ԼûҵһӦҲ쵼ģ˹ˣһûȫĽеĳȫĻɱڿĻǸȺ˲СĻˣ
Ҷ˫Ŀɺ죬Ц˵
ս
һµս
ɱҲ޷谭Ľ
Ѫںɣһɱ뺷磬ڷֱӵΧһ׵Ĵˡ
˹壬ˣǾȻҹս壬еһο϶ʥս֮дʵģ˵ķʱٵĽ֣֮
һŭ𴫳ҹʼϴŷ֮ɫĺ
һһ֪Ĳǿߣҹʼ֮ɫĺ
ʥսһεʥսǺεȵĿ£ǿ֪һεʥսжٵǿߣٵĹĵӻǴǿ߶һССĹ֧Ҫͼõô𣿡
һߴ
ֻһλһֺֻݺݵһλҹս峤ϵĲ֮󣬵˵
ϵ治ϵչֳҳаĲ
˭Ҫʲô
ҹʼϴһ˿֮ɫĺ
λǣҲ˵ı飬Ǹоǰϵֺ纣һϢ
Ϣƽģɬ͹ϵϢֻг֮뵽˴Ϊ֮ſԳ֡
Ҳ˵ǰˣȻһλǿߣ

ɫ˫Ŀſµɱ⣬˶һа

ǱҶ׷ɱȴ˵ǿߣĳţΪĳϡ
ѵ˵
λҹսĳɫһ䡣
ߡҹսҶ쵱ô簡һΣҪΪԼĸۡ
˫֣һɿµ˲ٲ̼ȻΧס˰ҹս壡
٣
λŭ
Ѫе뿪ϽӰ
ҹʼĺ
¡¡
һ޴ĹȻĴبŵϢ˲ĵ
ߡССһҲ첻ɣ
ĺȵ
ˣǲСү𣿡
ͻȻĿ֮䣬һСƺɵһվ
ⲻҹ˭

ҹʼɫֵ̿˼£һĽ
ԭСӻǸҪﰡǾͺһһɣ
糤µĳ̼˵â֦뽣ݺݵ𵴣ֵ֮£ȴնϣһǿǻ˳ҹԴϡ
һΣķּң군ˣ
ĺ
𣿵ǡ˵˵ɣ
ͻأһȴĴ˳


1203 ʼԴ
ǵȻ·һһ̵ʱɢ֮УȻȥ˵Ķ߻˲ȴ㹻˵ɫʼķ˾ޱ䣡
һֻ֣񣬵ȴַŰɫĹ⻪
ǳ֣֮
һųȥ޵ľѧҪԼǿգǿǳϵȥǽ뵽Լ֮Уʱƣȥһдӡ
һ̲ϵǳ֮Ȼž캳صܡ
˲˺ɽʹأǴﵽ۷Ĳ֮֮ϵǳ
ɱ
޾ǳ֮ųͽݺݵѹ
һֻƻһɽһ㣬ȻϢǵصչ
޴ĵ̲ϵ⣬쵽ǧ׵ĵز
һֻȴѾ̼˲ʱ˶Է
䣡
޾ʵ彣˲֮Ѿ޵̬

һٴεƣȴЧƺƵ֮Уʮλǿ߱һֺֻݺݵѹȥղŵĵȻûиһֻƴ˿˺
¡¡
ѪԼİ׹̼֮֡
ʮλǿߣÿһλſµĴΪٴﵽ̫žΪ֮ǿҲ
̼һֻƱѾ䳹׵ѹסֶΣѾһ˿Դﵽĳ̶ˡ
þδ˰
ҶӰսվվŻҹϴ˿˿Ц⣬ֻЦԵøı䡣
ѰҴˣȴû뵽һﾹȻ
ǳ֣֮һžѧҶһλĺϵõģһֱûа취⡶ħǾϵǳ֮ҶľʵĲħǾƺҲ漴½˲١
ҿΪȻصǳ֮ˣҲˣʩչǳֲ֮ŻԵ˵Ȼɡ
Ҷ졭
Ť׽ԭӢ̬׵Ĵˣϴ޵ķ֮ɫ
ϵƲϵı䣬嶼ڲⶼŤһ˫ĿޱȾ˵Թ֮ɫ
Ҷ졭
ٴεŭ֣·ҪҶ˶Ҫ׵ɵһ㡣
Ҫɱ㣬ɱ㣡
Ҷ쵭Ц֮۵Ĺ۲֮УʵĶ쵽
ȻѾﵽ˴Ǿĵز
Ȼϵţ֮еٮٮߣȴǱҶ˽£λĳƴĻû
ڵȻϾ˵ĺܣʵȴɸȣȻݵʱ֮Уʵﵽ˷츲صĸı䣬ȴҲ˾޴Ĵۡ
ֻһУ˵ֻһ΢Ĵڡ
ˣû뵽յǸǱӴ֮ˣȻԴ
Ҷ쵭˵
û뵽㾹Ȼһεʥս֮дҶ죬ȷʵС㣬ԭһΪԼûᱨˣڿĻһǱȽƫģٴγҵǰҪ㣡
ҶЦſŶԷ
𣿡

˲Ŀʼ
Ҷ˻ߣĽ

ľͷųϵĹ⻪ס
ĵȼľ΢̫࣬ĲȥܾҶҶͷųĹ⻪Īĺô
ǧ֦ǾǧȻĳ֮УҶ챳ĳ⽣֮Ҳչ
͡
ǧöͬߵħһ㣬֮޲˲Ļ
޷ŵĿһУӵ޷ŵĿǰһģȭӰԼǰ𽥵ı
˹塢һǿߣСҶ졣
ǿߣǿµģҿµ˼£ΪؼȴڣǶԼߵ̫ĸ߹ˣڹֵȥ͹Ҷʵ
ɱ¾
޽ɱ
Ҷȭͷͨص£յǳһϵһ㡣
޴ȭӰȻ׳󣬺ݺݵش塣
¡¡
ŭ֮һĲӰѸٵҶǰʼ㵹ȥ
֮һнǲݽһ㣬׷׵ĵز
Ѫ˳ӣ֫γСɽ
Ҷ컯ޣϵɨһе谭
һǿ˼°
ҪɱңǱƵá
ܵģʵֻ֮Ϣ֣Ϊʲôȴ˵ǿ᣿
̲סĿʼĺҶȴѾ˿Ļᡣ

͡
ʮɱһˣǧﲻУ
ҶҪľɱ¾ϵȥɱ¾
ֻת˲֮ѣɱ¾Ѿൽ˵ĵزȺ˶ͷ˹֮кеǿߣӲ𾳵̫žٵ֮ǿߣУ
ܵģҲţҲţ
ʼԴ
ĺ
Ҷһȭ˳ȥǿӵÿһλϵڷʹĽǱеķȴӵĿ¡
޷ϿҶǿ
Ҷ̫࣬ϻ΢ô࣬޷ͬҶ쾹Ȼǿᡣ
ʲôʼԴ
̲֮סķ˾̾
¡¡
һ޴Ļʼ֡
һ󱳸ž޴䵶ߴ·ԹͨǺһ㣡
ǿֲ̬е䵶Ƿź
һ谭Ǵ㽫Ҷһ顣
ʼԴ𣿡
ҶҲ̲סһ㶡
һ㵹Ƕ˵ķӦȽϵ⡣
˵ֹ֮һصǿߣ˵أʵǿĺܣսÿһεĳֱһȷѪֶ꣬βб
ԷʩչĹһΪʼԴĴڣ˵һϵľѧԷӳǿʮ
ʩչ֮Ҳ֮ΪʼԴʼԴԭĳʱÿһΣչ˰꣬ӳ˼£һγֵʱҲ໥ǧ֮á
Ҳû˿Ϣ
ǿ²ѾˣһѰҹټȴû˿Чֻû뵽ôʱ֮һʼԴȴõˡ
ɣ
е䵶һ޶ĳҶȻ˲ʱҶ塣

ҹսǿĺ
ȴû뵽ҶѾ׵ˡ
ʼԴǿǿ󵽵ģһϵľѧҪķҶٵľʼԴսģģΪұʼԴֻ֮壬ҶԵʣҸҲԼԭʼڣҶ죬һţȴҵģҪĴۣĴۣ
ıεȵĿֲ
¡¡
һֻ޴ֱȻĳ֡
ֱ֮ϲÿһǾһĹ
ָſӣݺݵץһ޴Ļ
͡
ֱӱ˺ѳΪΡ
εǿᣬҵǰȴҲֻһ;
ٴεĳ֣Ҷ쾹Ȼĳ֮ϣһ޴аʥŻڻĸ


1204 
¡¡
ڰϢʼ֡
ҶվȻ͸ղû˿ĸı䡣
Ƿ֮
һλĳĺ
漴Ĵȵ
壡
ʱȻķ飬ȴûʧȥҪıĻе˽ûκεϣġ
Ҷͳˣһֱ
ǼȴҲƾϵļӳ֣ƾǡ֮򡷺ͶԷӲӲĶԿ
ߡôЩᣡ
Ҷ
һοµ˲ӿҶ֮ڷڡ
ַ˲Ĳ˲ϯ˹ȥ
䡭
ըҩʼըһ㣬֮һе龹Ȼ˲ʱ̣ȫĹ
ǵѪγཬһ㣬ʼԼϴ޷ŵɫҶ죬Ӿͷ·ٿһλаһ㡣
ϵֵһ̣Ѿ׵ı˺ѳΪƬǱ仯Ϊޡ
ΪҵɰɣȻʼԴתֻأһļսľ鶼ԳΪҵ̲ģ
ҶЦ˵
ռ򲻶ϵչֳ
ʱģһ֮Уѵ屻ǿеȥ

ɫ濪ʼȼ
ɫ棬·һλĸһ㣬ε̬ӫ˸ķĸǻ˳һ㣬ˮվ
ʥĸ֮𣿡
ҹʼļʶǷ̲סĽе
ʣµĲǣ׷׵¶˾ޱȵı顣
ʥĸ֮һؼΪֲĻ֮һΣȻƻҲһ㣬ΪֲȴǿԽΪԴĵز
ŵ飬ԽյΪԭʼʹĵزȥ
濴ƻ󣬵ʵȴӵĿ£
ʥĸֻ֮һأֻЩ֮ݻ˼µ˲ſ
ҶˮıԴӵӵˮΪǿĽٻ
ǳ˵ĻҶɲô鷳ģһﲻһǰһ˲ǿߣļһеļ¼ԵøĿֲСĻѪļֵҪ޴
ʼԴڵʱ̫Щ

ļϢγ˵ĳһ㣬ŨϢϵĴҶ򣬶ʥĸ֮Ƿ˽ĸǿ壬ϵļȡļϢ
¡¡
ڳɳһеһжڳɳ
ˮ˼£ԼĿʼ¶ĵ֮һ˿Ϣ
Ǽﵽ۷ĵز
һԱ仯Ϊĳ̶ȡ
һĴмȻصĹҵĳ̶ȾȻûȫԷһС
Ҷû˿ı飬ȴֿ˻
Щ֮еİ̼򣬱Աⳣǧ
ĺôԽһĵΪصȫʩչ߼̳С
¡¡
׵ƣҶϵĹ˸ϣһطĸɢ˾˵Ĺâʥġаġǿġƻġ
Ĺ⻪Ҷ˿ȥһһ㡣
С㾹Ȼͼҵһμ䣬ںʼԴԿҼסˣˣϲַ
ͻȻʱ򣬾Ҷ켴Ҫץס˶ԷһѶϢ˲䣬ռȴȻͬһŭǾ޴Χһ˲仯촷ۡ
һǿҹս峤ϵ嶼˵Ļҷ

ߡҵ֮Уʲô
Ҷɫ΢ŭĺȵ
𡭡
ˮĳ֣֮Уݻ˾޴Ļɽ緢棬Ԩ֮֮ˮͣˮ
ߡ
һƺߴȻҶվصļһܵش
Сʵȷʵǿ󣬵СӲֻҵһμǶѣҪǡʼԴֻеõǲĴڣڵμ䱾ҪˣҪѾõˣȴָ֮Ҫѹɡ
Цݳ̼һâȻƿգâһ˫ӳҶ˸֮˲ɢҶҪȥֹûа취
ģʼԴȻﵽ˿µľ磬ҵʵȻ֮еһѹƲסʼԴжôǿ󣿡
Ҷϴ޷ŵɫգо˵
ߡˮڣʵôǿĻҲġ
ҶٴεĽһμ֮¶һĨЦ
ʼԴľ˽һˡ
ʼԴԭһţνӢţһȻǿᣬ֮Уȴ˲ӣ˲ѵѡֻء
ǴȴһʮķӣͼԼ֮еļָ
ԼĴ󲿷ֵСĵػʣµЩԼļ˸Ȼȵʱ֮ԽԼɢ굮ɵ
ﵽԼǿĸ
ȻһˣȻʼԴѾں˳ȴ꣬ʵӦôﵽһĳ̶ȣڵ֮Уʱǲҵҵģ
Ҷ
漴ٴʩչһһμ
¡¡
ϵĿռȻٴεʮ׵ĳ̶ȡ
޴ˮȴû˱ΪĵزȻҪԵ

ҹ૵ĿҶ죬̲ס¶˳ݵɫ
Сһν첻µز£ȴҶ൱ĺ¡
졭һΣлĳ֣峤ȥˡ
ҹʼ̲ס˵
ϵĸм֮ɫ൱
Ҷ΢΢ĵ˵ͷҹʼĵ̬̲סһ˿Ц
ʵ˭ǿ˭˵˭СĻǾ˵
ԵʵռݵλĻ֣Ҳκεһ˿Ծģ˶ҹʼּңѾûԭ񣬵ȴԵ㲻ǺøС
һεķҲһ£Ͼһεս֮УʧĲ࣬ҲΪλ˾ӣԺǺĺá
Ҷ쵭˵
죬һεʥս
ҹʼ̲סʵ
ѾΪʥӣ
Ҷƽ˵
˻˻˻
˵¶˵̬
ʥӰʥӰ
ּ֮У㹻Ŀдʷġ
һҶΪʥӣɵģԺķּҵķչΪĵһҲδһˡ
ͻأľʱҶɫݺݵһ䣺
һȻõ˲ɽׯҵĹϵ
ļ֮УҶ쾪ȵķһβԵļ䣬Ϊ˱Ҷ죬ȻҶһг׵ĵһ飬ɽׯҲǲȥˡ
ɽׯʵȻǿᣬǾԵûǿ
͡
Ӱ˸ҶͷҲصĳԶ߶ȥ


1205 
һμ٣ȴ㹻Ҷ췢ˣһεļУͷ˹峹׵ĽҶһϢ˳бŲɽׯ
Ҿڽҹսʱ̣ɽׯҲǲһֵ˿ʼ뵽˲ɽׯ֮С
ɽׯҲķΧȻͬһأҪĻȴԵĲҪ̫ʱ䡣
ҶüͷʱѾˡ״
ϵɱⲻϵķڣ֮ʼʾޱȾ޴ܡ
ڲѪڷȼգ
üͷü֮е֮ۻ
һ۶һе谭һ㣬۵ʥ֮ſµ˺Ϣ˲֮УĿռ䶼ڷ䣬һ⻪ѾպͿռڲһ㡣
ҿ
ǿе˺ѣ
ҶѾ֮Ϊͺ񵱳ǰ㣬ǿеƿյ谭
̻ȼգڣĹ⻪ȻѾֹͣ˱ƣȴɿԸоһ˵Ϣ˸ϣ
ɽׯսӵ˷ԲܱߵһУĲɽׯ֮жŻϢ
ߺߣǲɽׯҲ˰ɡȻ̼Ļ˼£
һȺźɫսЦſϵıǵ⵽˼ޡ
˵֮һλӱ뺷ײеӣϱһն˰̵ǣĿԷжͣһ˫Ϣȴ㹻ȴ
һҲ˵Ĵ磬ȫĺɫؼף棬һĺɫħ䣬Ҫһһ㣬ħƵ
ȥӵʵﵽС̫žΪ֮⣬ǿҲŲ𾳵ΪϵѪɷϢӵ㹻Ϊ֮Ӳֹ
һȺɱ¾Ϣ
ǰ磬СĲɽׯ군ˣõĲɽׯǿǶôǿһȺ˰ׯʵѾﵽ˵ΪȻĲȥ׵ǣȴһˣһȺ˲֪ǵһ·ɷֻһҹʱѣѾ׵Ľˣɽׯԭķ綼˲ݻ٣ԵĲһ˿Զõֶΰ
һλЦ˵
˵ӵ˲٣һ˫ĺۣȴ㹻ĿһҲһ֮
ߣССĺȻҲͼҪ̵ɽׯƺҲǿȥİɣСС߶ѣȻ˵Ĳ֪ˣ
ͻأһ
ȻɿԸоǽߣ
ǣ
Ϊ׵ɫ΢΢һ䣬ı飬ʱԵøӿֲ
ϴѵ˵Ǿ˲ɣ
һλ̲סɫ仯ϵ˵
ӻû˵һɿµϢȴѾڴʱ
¡¡

ʼչֳһкӰʱѾ˵ǰ
֮ϣ໥׵ĳ̶ȣϸ΢ĳȴ൱ԣ֮ϸԵĳһ˿˿ƣҪôֲſԴﵽεģ
Ȼǣ
ӵ̲סĵ
ı鿪ʼֳֵ
ǵĴҺ᲻ɣ
ֻһӰӣȻһֻֻµɫЩÿһֻ·һСɽһ㣬ÿһֻ˳໥ƿؾ߰ʮ̶ֻȵľ
ЩƷǷÿһֻµ˼£ÿһε̤㣬涼Բ֡
Ϊ׵һλӴԼʮģһֻɫľ棬֮ϣһµؼס
һµķУ
ǿޣǿ񱼵Ļ˸ĵ㹻һе谭иΪƬ
СߣǾȻﻹһ
һЦ
¡¡
ٴεĲ
һЦžĺͺߵɫĲһ£漴໥һۣ
ôҲˣ
ĲƵԽľ
ǧγһ޴ĻһȸĻ󣬱βչɨһƬ
ǿȸ
ǰȻǿȸµŮˣɲһ˿ȥǵģɽׯˮˮʱӿ鷳ˡ
˰ɣܹԿҲаǿܹ˵Ļ˵һ°ɽׯ䱦ֹǧǵõĻԵĿԴﵽһӿµĳ̶ȣ
ΧۼҲ٣ȴԵûоͺôǿһֱûб
һĵ֮漴һĺӰҲ˵ǰ
ЩŮԼİ˵ĵزϵı˸ž˵Ĺ⻪һֻֻµͻ
Ϊ׵һλȻһλŮӣŮһֻɫĴ棬ʥףӽĵĺܣһ֮УȴǴһ˶ӵеĺݶâ
һɱ¾ϵһ֣˭Լ˶µȥ֡
ȸѲҲǷһɣ
һ̰ڿȸϿ˼ۣ˵
ϸ˵ȸĳȷʵ
ԷĽĲ㰫Сĸ˵һĸʣֱһ㣬һ׸޷ڸסϰ͹µķֲɫļȥǿиһ̬
ǿҵջ󣬼Ǻͺȥܡ
ߺߡǶҿȸΪʲôţɽׯĴС㣬溿˫ǽһ֮ܲˣһܹҵĻһҪȥʹ죡
ȸ΢΢İڶԼԴһͷɫĳڱһ޴ĸͷϸţϾ˵֮ɫȫĺ졣
ߣŮˣа취𣿡
¶һĨЦ֮ɫ
ȸĵǲ黹ǽĺá
Ҳ˵
ԭڵж״̬ʱԼĿʼ˺Ĺϵ
𣿡
ȸ΢΢ԼԸ˵ĺ촽źĽЦ

ԷһǺǺ߷ǸоǰŮ˾һŻ𣬲ϵȼԼ壬ֳ嶯һ̲סһַйĳ嶯
ԵĻҪŮ˺ݺݵذסڵϺݺݵر̢
վһ뷨ѣһΪŮ˵ĺ̶ѷɫǣĳ̶ֳϸӵĿ¡
ͺʵ࣬С̫žΪȸʵȴﵽС̫ž۷壬һĵزҲΪʲôҪŮԼĴĵ̣ȴûʸ
Ůģ䱦ȴһ֣
ڵĿ˵


1206 㶯һ¡ԣ
ѾǺĵߣںǿ˶ԷһۣȴҲû˵Ȼ˵ҲǱȽϵϿɵġ
ߡ˻ǴԲѣĺｲǾԼʸһΣҪɣ
ϣ
սʼǿս
ɡôȥ
̲סĽе
䡭
һɿµѹ
һްԵĻչ˳
һµɷ
һ޴ĸӿʼ裬ֲѹѾ㹻ضΪ֮ҡ
в
µв
ǵչֳһ̣Ǻɫı仯
㾹Ȼ̶ȣ
૵ĵ
ߡ֪ͺãҲӦ֪еĿ֮նɱȫĲҪķѶٵ
ǿϢĻﲻϵѹԲʮ֮ڣսϵķİǾ̲סĿʼ
ûпʼսȴѾʼС
ǺεȵֶΣһȺ˵ʵǿޱȣڿȸǰȴʼˡ
ðɣռɣҲգ
ͺ໥һۣӶԷ֮пκͷŭ
ɽׯ֮УһѾ鲻ĽУһ˾ۼ
һȺ飬ϻٵ˺ۣߣϵѾﵽһµĳ̶ȣȥεĻ»ڶʱ֮ڱ䡣
Ϊ׵һȻҲѲ٣һƮݵ̬ȴû̫ĸı䡣
Ǹô죿
һ̲סʵ
˵ޱȣž˵ϵ˺ۣÿһ裬˵䶼Կ˿˿ѪϿʼʳǴ˵ɫȴû˿ıֳ·֮˲Ǳһ㡣
ǲɽׯĴܼң
ڵԵĴƣһȺؼһʵǷÿһλ֮ΪׯûаԿʵֱӱǿдˡҹսǹϵ壬һּңȴҲʲô˿ȥӦģһȺˣʵӦ֪ܵҹսӻģϧǣԷȻôˣǾʹһȺˣǵļ壡
ɱȺˡҪɱǣɽׯǻǵļҰ
̲ס¶ʹɫĿ
һȺʵΪؼȴǽǰ鷳
ܼҵ¶˿ɬı飬˵
ʲôƻ
ܼʵ
һȻȴϸȻо˲ܼһе˼
սȻǲɽׯǿ˫ǣڣһʧˣȴЩССǶˣЩǰĻׯɽׯķΪȻĿӣǱȥӣΪҪסɽׯĺˣЩ׵ĺǣǽɽׯĳˣ
˵˫ĿĳһȺĺӿȥ
ϴŴ͵ɫ˫Ŀ⣬ȴĿ޲ΪѾ޵ľˡ
ΪɽׯСү첻µز£ΪɽׯڰԼٴĻˣٴ鷳溶Ϊͷġ
ǾڲǰһȺˣȴǿеĴ溺Լĸס
ҪҪ𡭡
˶Ҫˣ۵ϴĺ⣬Ǻ޵صӣΧˣ̲סĸоԼһĶ¡
µĺ⣡
Сүסǵɽׯɽ֮һյأӦ֪Щĺ뿪ֻǲϣ
ܼһ˵
ҪȺ쵰ǾȻַҲɽׯҪɱǣ
ĺ
ž
һǶݺݵ˦˳
ܼҵϴһɸֵӣ˫Ŀ֮У˸
ѵ㣬ڵʵ΢ȥ֮һ˶նɱסʲô𣿡
¡¡
һڵͻȻ쳹
ᵽŮ˵ζ
ƱҾȻҵһöʯǼֵǵıﰡֵǣŬȥ
еˣϸϸѰңҪһ䣬ɽׯ군ˣıﶼ˵Ķҵ˱ӴȥõŮˣȺõľƣ
𣡣
ſµɱ¾֮
Сү߰
ܼҵɫ䣬漴Ӱ˸ȥ
ܹģɱȥΪȡʱ䣡
ս
ܼҴĺȵ
͡
Ӱ˸һͻȻĳ֡
һ˴Լһңȫޡ
ÿֱֳУ˲ĺɨһƬ
Ⱥ˵ʵǲǿڵһֵķ֮У˲ıѹȥ
ߣ
ܼҷĺ
óһնһ塣
жף
ݺᣬת֮ϵĿʼϯΧĵˡ
ʵھҶľ֮ļӳ֮ڵĽ뵽̫žΪ
Ȼص˵ս֮ܵشǶԸȺ𾳺ͨĵ˵ȴǴ´ˣ
ôĵӣɱҾˣ
ĺȵ
еһ޴Ĵӣŵľϵ˸֮Ѫ𣬴ӻ裬ʱصĳŲܼػ˹ȥ
á
һλɽׯȷһ㡣
ܼҡ

ֱӵӭȥ
ܼڷնɱһ֮УȴоԼһĽӲֻĴӰԼǰһֻ޴ħǰ㣬ⴸֵ˸
ֲƽΧĿռ䶼ѹ˼¡
¡¡

Сģ
ܼǿеĳ߳
չ˺Լɣ㣡
ȸֳ־޴ĸӺݺݵغɱȥ
ȸʵ̫žΪһһʽĪ̲ϵ
䡭
ܼҵֱӵıɱ˳ȥѪ
ۡ
ܼҵ޷ԷϢ
Ǿһ̣ȴһ˺ѵֻǸղźӾȻǿеķȻԼǿеĵסһ㹻ػ

ԼɽׯˣΪػԼǿе˺ѳΪѪ˲䣬ܼ˶оҪˡ
ǲɽׯڵһжǵģ
Ԧĺȵ
еıвϵÿһεĽǴһλλǿ
ѪȾ˲񷣡
еȴ֪һεսǾǲݵģǵػԼ뿪
𣡣
ͻأľʱһŭ𴫳
ֻȻֳֳһ
󣬻ʮӡ
á
ܼ̲סһ󾪻ţ
쵰
Ϳ
Ľе
ǲɽׯСүǵõ͵õ˲ɽׯʣµıأɱ
ɱ
أǵˣ
˷Ľеޱ˷ܵı飡
ң
ܼҺʹܼҵİסϵľʹĺ
ҹɣ
һֻǿеչѸٵס壬ʵ΢εǺĶ֡
ſ
ſ
Ҫ㣡
ŭ
˵ĽŲȴǿе赲סˡ
ۼҪǿеĲ׽ˣǾһ̣һͳȴĴ˳
㶯һ¡ԣ


1207 նɱ
΢ȴݵڳÿһ˵Ķߡ
һַ·ڵһૣ
ȻûʵԵ˺
֮ȴ̲סһ£Ǻֶ̲סĲ
ϴ޷ŵɫĽе
򡭡ǽ
ϴžϲı飬Ȼ޷˵ڱȴʼʾ˳
ܼҺǴܼҵ˵Ҳ˵̬ȻǶĳֳ֣ڴ̫Ķˡ
׷ѩصˮ֮е·ÿһķ˿žӨĹԣ䣬ⲻһĳһƷһ㡣
ɺɫ˸ضµĹ⻪һִſ±ϢĹ⻪ʾŴʱ˫Ѿ뵽һֿµ״̬
Ҷ죡
Ҷ죡
ʱ΢΢Ȼ˺һգʩչȫĲǱϵô򵥻
Ҳˣڵ˵ϢЩңʵѾ뵽֮۷ĲΣ˵ľϵʵȫĽһϵǿʹڶݵʱ֮ڻָĵزϡ
ѡǺηҪһĻҲǿԽܵģ
Ȼ޷оҶľﵽһʲôΣǸо˶Է̲صǿζҲˣһֱɱӵĺ죬ĿʼѯҶݡ
ô
ҶǵȻƽȵ˼£ͷ·˵һ΢һ㣬վ˫Ŀ絶罣

˵ʲô
ɫݺݵһ䣬ϵı鿪ʼޱȣΪԵɺ֮£һλǿߵ£ⱲӹҲǸǿ˶ٵްˡ
ڳԼĺ֮νˮƾǿֶκͶ磬ܿҲɾһɲ׵
ܹӵͿ־ҶĻ֮ȻĿʼŭ
СӣӿͲ󣬵ȴʵ˲Ż˰֮ģõĲҪҪ
˵
֮УѾһâ¶
һĶ̽ңˡ
͡
һӰ˸Ҷ˲˶Էǰ
һչֳ
һһ
·˸˲֮УѾ޾޴ĳ̶ȣ׳ȻһųźϿʼ

ˣȻĳ֣о֮Уȴȫû𺦣ⶾֶΣԭĳ̶ȣӵĿ¡
ԳһֶΣǿߣǺ£ȴӵĲбĳ̶ֳڸסԼĵӡ
̽ɱ¾ʹɱһֹߣڵĺѾֶηչ˼£˲֮У˵ƶʼԵĸı䣬·һһ㣬ʼԼ³Լš
ߡ
ҶĺһϵϢӵĿֲ
һ̣˵ûĻѾ׳Ϊһɽ
һ̧ݺݵѹ˹ȥ

͡
ݺݵشҶ
Ȼȫû뵽Ҷü֮С
һ˿΢΢ĶҶ֮У·ЩͲסһ㡣
ٶȡôͻȻķ˸ı䣡
ܼҵ˵̲סĽ
ڸղţٶȾȻ˽屶ĳ̶ȣղŵĺһľĻڵٶѾﵽװ֮С
ȫһεġ
һΪǶôţƵû뵽ֻһСûκɱԣ
ϴſŵЦݣЦ
ǺͿȸߵҲ¶˿˿ЦݣһղǻΪҶǿ
ͻȻļǵҲʼüɵ쳣
ߡЦ𣿡
һͻȻһµĽӰ˸ɢʥϢʥݺݵѹ
͸ղŵֿһ޶ϵϢûиı䡣
ԭеҶ죬ʱȴɢγһöҶ

Ҷ˲ʩչ
䣡
һŲȥ˵嶼׵ѹ˵ϡ
ߴǧ׵ĳȣ·һ֧صһ㣬˲֮е̤㣬ȻöԷݵ档
¡¡
ŵٴεķһµĲ
ֻѾһ޴ӣ
֮УѪʼ©γˮһ̬
ɱ
ɱ
ߣڴ˶ݺ˺ܳһµǿߣʱȻһ⣬ҺҶĽֻ֣һУ
ҶӰ֮γɣһ˫Ŀû˿Ĳ
Ǵʱ˫Ŀȴ֣ʾڵ൱Ĳˬ
һһУ
嶼ڶ
ΧصЩҲ˵ı顣
ʵ̫žΪһǵľ磬ƾԼľѧ죬Ķ֮УĻѡԿѪޣȴҲ˻ѡһԿġû뵽Ȼһн
ۻ˰ɣһа
λǿߵ˭ǿֶΣǲɽׯΪʲôᱻ
˵ȻĴҶĶ֮С
˫Ŀȴʼúǿ
⡭һᣬλˣɵģ
ϴŻֵ̿ɫ
һ֮УҶ˫Ŀââ絶罣Ȼ
飡
ֱӵıƣ
ҪҪɱңҿ̷㰡
ȸĽϵ˺
ʱڵ֪ԼǺεȵĿֲǿµ˼£
㡭
Ҷϴűɱ⣬˵


1208 졭Ҫˣ
Сӡ㵱ΪҵֻһƿɱҵĻԻڵģ
ȸϴŷɫ
ȴԵڲȻһǺе˿£ȴɵ㣡
˭
Ҷ쵭˵
ΪֹҶвȥˣԭǾͼޣڸ߸ϣԶҡǿߵĴڣҶһ·޲ĥ֮неġ
Ҫǿ󣬶ǿ󣬱㹻Ŀ¡
Ҷһʼѡ˵ӣҲ磬ҪѰϹΣƱҪǿߣҶ׼
ң
ȸĽе
ǲ׵ϴ޷ŵɫĵΪҶ֮Уɱ¾
˺ܶ࣬ǱűɱľĿʼġ
ҵĸǡ
͡
̶Ħʼɡ
ҶһָڶԷǰָᵯһâ˸㹻ıǿһָ㹻ĶһƬ壬ȻҲԶԴ
һ˫䶼޷ŵҶޱ飬Էһг׵ȥ
ɱ¾ϣ
ֻת˲ʱѣǿ󵽼µĿޣȻҶǷƵ̬֮Уˣ
ܹɾͽյزĲֻǵıĻȭͷ
ǵǿͿֲһķκεǾǿĴڣȴˣ
ϣ
ž
Ҳˣ
صİʼɢ
ЩԭǷޱȵǿǣʱȴʼΪĲҽǺ£µ˼¡
޵־Ҫǿֻǽ͵ĻϲſԽеģҶĿֱӵĳǵĳܽޡ
εĲẦ¡

͵ػӶ
Ҷ˫ĿȻ˵
ǡҪԼӦеĴۣȻѾɱôˣǾҵ֮ɡ
͡
ݡ
Ӱ˸
Ҷ컯һߡ
ҪЩȫ
𣡣
ﵭĺȵ
׵ʱĿʼ
ˮƿأŭ֮У˷
һìҶ֮С
ǵ֮ì
޴ˮϵıҶߵں֮ìȻޱȡ
һì裬˲䵴һ֮ݲ췭ظȺǿʱǿе
Ѫ˲뵽Ҷ֮УǵľɾҶ̲֮
ÿµֶΣ
ѵ֮ǿ߲ɣ
֮ǿߣȴҲԵĲôǿֶεģһ϶ǴǿߣǾǿҼֵģһǿܣȴԷĿֲһﵽʲôˣѵ˵ʵ뵽˴ͨľ磿
Χ˿ʼϵСһ־ηֹ̬
ȻĲɽׯȴû˿մȾ֮ģʲôЦһɱڰǣԼǵմȾĻǾںͶԷΪУⲻ
ʱѣҶȴѾһи㶨ˡ
򡭡
Сϴۣ̲סĴ
һжСү˵Եһܵ飬ǰ˼Ϊһ̣ȴѾǲ׺ɣĸı䣬һж˾޴ĸı䡣
԰ˣˣ׶׽ˡ
ҪޣǲɽׯϣԺҪΪׯˣˣվȴᣡ
Ҷ컺˵
򡭡͸ױȺ׽ˣ
̲סĽе
ʲô
Ҷɫ䡣
ӿʼΪֹûм溣ڿ֮һֱΪ溻ǰȫģȴϢ
Ļ棬ıǣ
үһΣǲɽׯһȺĪǿĸ֣ڶ̶̵ʱ֮бɨɽׯǵʵڶԷǰĲԶԿһ涼޷Կׯֻ΢΢赲һΣȴܵ˺ǿеĴˣ
Ҷص˵ͷ
һɿµľϢɢ
Ǵ֮ٵİΧס˷Բ׵ķΧ
еһ̣˲Ļָ
Ҷ콫һöӽ˲ܼң˵
ɽׯٴεĽھׯһģ
ܼҵɫݺݵһޱ䡣
ǰҶ쿴ȥȻǵʵȴһֿµ˸
ֱ飬ʶĶˡ
ǲݵ̬
ֻɽڲڷȼգȴǿѹưס̬Ϊֲ顣
ү
ܼһҪ˵ЩʲôҶȴİ˰˵
ȻԼķִ磬ǺΪ֮ˡ
뵽溾Ȼץߵ飬Ҷ˶
͡
ѣ
Ҷһֻ־Ȼ·˺һŴֽ̬һֲѺڰ֮еħһ㣬ȥޱȹа
ҶȴѾǿе˽ȥ
ֱӵ˺գ棬֮ǿ߲ſӵеֶΰ
ٴεľ
𽥻ָĿռ䣬ܼҺ໥Ķһۣգһɺɫ׵һš
졭Ҫˣ
˵аԵӿֳһ仰


1209 ƣ
ÿһλޣԼۣһ޷ĴڣڶԷУγһֽɡ
˭ǲСĽɴƵĻ൱µģ̶ܴϣֽһַĶԴǲݵĽ֣
ڵҶ죬Ǵ̶ȣ
ϹеһԶ޷ĥ˺ֱۣڹϹεȴһ˿ûУȴٴεıԷˣҶ˶ʼ
𡭡
һŭ
ʵʿʼǰĿռĴ˹ȥ
ľռڲĿռ籩
һŭൽʮҶڵȾ˼¡
Ŀռѣ֮һĶϿճ˵׵磬׵չ֣籩֮γһĿ¹â磬̬ͬʵһǵľסߺǿʼ¶˾ɫ
ǿߡ
ʲôˣȻԱǿ
ÿµ
̫ǿˣվԸоԼ޷סеѹ

һУҶѾˣҪǲϵļ٣ټ٣
˫Ŀɺ죬ȫγɣͫ׶ø¡
̬֮УӰԶŵһ㣬ߣƺƵ
ģһεʧεȵĿ¡Ⱥ
֮Уһ޴Ľڲһŭ
һλž޴սӴĺǳ
ʮӣƣһ˫絶иſռ䣬ǰʮλĹÿһӵɨͬǱסһ㣬ĸǿҡ
ӣ
һƿأʵﵽ֮쾳Ŀǿߣ
峤С̫аˣڶԷǰȻ߲һӵʱ䣬㱻ǿеնɱˣ
һ˲ΡΡĶ˵
ߡҿĳݲŵ򻨾򻨾һλû뵽ȴɵûⱾ£֪ˡ쵰
ӵݺݵغ
һжѾΪޣεԹޣȴûа취ıһˡ
Ƿ˹ʲôϢ
Ŀ⳯һλ߻˵
峤ˣ˹һεʧҲ٣ҹսԭǽڽڰˣȴû뵽Ȼ·ɱһҶ죬СӵʵֶζĺܣǸݵ飬Ȼܵͣսȴ˵ĺܣڲμʥս֮ʵǷǷ
ߡҹսˣһΣҶǺÿģѾһλҵĺĳйϵˣҲҪˣǷ˹֮УҲһλϣǿǴǿߣһεǿᣬȴҲԵĲǵĶֵģȻ֮УսЩּҵĵǣȴûơҹս壬һΣҵҪεճ
峤ʵϣҲǿԱҶͷģ
ղλ̲ס˵
ô˵
ӵ˫Ŀһ
ҶѶϢѾˣһ֮ҶŮˣ˹嵱Ҷ𣬱ⱻߣһλĳϳֵĻ˹군ˣһΣԷѾǲԼǰУҹţԷѾ쵽ץˣ
áܺã
ӵ϶ʱ¶˿ĵɫĴЦ
Ǿǻ˼Ҷͷʱ̣֮Ȼĳһµ쭷硣
쭷չ֣ʮķΧ֮УֳΪ׵磡
һѷ쿪ʼǿе˺ѣ漴չ

һűϢĸ̾Ĵ˳
ɫĳ죬һ˿ĻߣҶͣĸϵ
Ȼ壬Ǿʹ㿪ʼɣ
Ҷһֱûлնɱ壬ҶڵĻҵ˻ᡣ
΢΢ĴϢһĵ˲Ŀʼָ۷״̬
ˣ
֮Уһʼ
һܣռ䶼˺ѣһķγˮ̬ڲϵš
͡
һ˸âĳìγɣ
֮ì
ĺȵ
¡¡
һֲ˺չݻΪһϵ˺籩һìĳֿʼ
ۼе·ǳΪ˳ì֧ߣٵĴ߶ŶԷʼǰ
ʲô
þ˵
ռȫĶˣƺǳȥĵطɣ
壬Ǳ߰
ⶼ֮У޿ʼ
ȴںݺݵزţΪⳤì׵ʱ̣ѹ˲йЩʵǿޣһȴҲ̲סһѪ
ߣҪҶ죬֮أôźǿߣⲻˡҵĶӣҲͰˣҲˣȴҵĽһֱҵĽҶ죬㾹ȻնɱҪ㳥
ӵĺ
Ǿһ̵ʱ֮Уһɷ·ƵϢ͵Ĵѹ
һϢ˺ѣѪ
žžž
濪ʼѣʼҡΣ˵ɫĿʼ˸ı䡣
ô£
Ӵĺ
䡭
һֲͻȻر˲֮УѾصĻ˹
Ҫ

Ұ
ʲôҵ塭
ֻ̼䣬һ޴ĢѾɣǵ֮ìҶӼӳˮıԴˮΪԴܡ
תì·ǻļ̳һ㣬ֻ֮ƻ
󣡣
ӵĺ
ʱΧȻĳһ޴
ӺǿϢأƺƵĽһìֿ˹ȥ
һ󷨡
ȻûнڷȴԿµĺܣҴŷνһſµ˼µ󷨡
޴󻺻ſԼצݺݵĴһǡ
䡭
һɾ˵ıȴʱ
ֲı֮û˿ɬй˳
һ֮УìȻ˾캧صĽצ
ҵ塭
Ϊʲô
ҵľˣ
һλλˣʼ޵
˭Ұ
ӵĺ
ϵƱŷ
͡
һӰ˸λҲķ˳
սһ
˻
һ˺ѵ
һӰ˸һ֮Уλϵ徹Ȼӱȫ˺ѳΪΣ
䣡
ӵɫ䣬Ӱæ˸
ȵ
󣡡
һ޴Ļʼ֣ղŵһԲ󷨵̬ģȫӱĻ
䡭
һֻ޴ȭͷӶݺݵѹȥ
ֻ̼䣬ԷѾ׵ѹ
ȭͷ·һɱȭȻ֮Уѹһ̫ŵѪħɽ
飡
Ĳҽһ
˵˫۳׵ı˺ѡ


1210 ɱ¾
峤
˵̲סʼ˾ӵʵѾﵽ֮ǿΪ磬ϵѧ壬Ǳǿ֮ˣҪ˼򵥵ĽҲǺѵģǴǿ߲Żʵ
ˡ
ռ䷺һһӰĸֳŲӰɢһҲ
˭
ɫĳ죬˫Ŀ䣬źâ·Ϊµħһ㣬˿һ۶оԼĺѣϡ
һͷѩɫĳʱڵѪΣȴһȾ
ҶĽһìȥһλǿߵüģڴ˵ץȻվ
ӵ棬նɱˣǱκεһĥҪ˺Ϳֲˡ
Ҷȴ⣬ıⲻΪ˼ŭԷѡϾɱԣͶԷϻģ
˭㵽˭壬ûкύ޵ģ˭
屻ƻһ̬̲ס
Ҷüͷ΢΢һЦ˵
ǲҡҶ죡
͡
һ绮ʱޱߵչ
򡭡
а֮š
⽣֮򽣹ڣ

ľѧʱʩչ
͡
䡭
ӻûüӦ㱻Ҷ˲ɱˡ
ʵûﵽľ磬Ŵ쾳ǿߣǽ뵽˴ǾΪնɱݽ棬˿ûԥ̬
ɡ
Ҷɱһλ̫žǿ֮ﻺ˵
ڶԷ޷ŵı֮УҶ˲˶Էǣ漴Ľ
ǶԷĵڶĻᣬҶȴԵҪУ˵ĵ¸ԷڶεĻᡣ
ǲҵģӵĲȥҵǡ
ŶԷĿ˫ĿҶ컺˵
Ҷ첻ޣҪĻԻΪޣ֮е
¡¡
޴а֮ţ·һֲħ֮ϵؼһоеľԼĳɳ
а֮ţڳɳڣȻʼɫ
ԭɫɫ׽ɫȵɫ֮Уа֮ſʼתɫ
ⲻֻɫϵĸı䣬ʵϸϵĸı䡣
ɫŸ߹ǿᣡ
һа֮ŵĳ֣Ҳʹڲ
а֮֮һ磬һͬʥ޷ȥ漰Ϊ۷ħҶҿ϶޷ȥƿأȴҪһ硣
ȥа֮ţ
𽥵ĿʼתΪɫа֮ţҶ̲ס¶һĨľϲ֮ɫ
а֮ȻҶ쿴ȥӣʵȴ൱ϲǶԷɵˣǿٻħ˺ѵˣĽɵ
еħľˣЩħһʵǿĴڣǵȵҶʵǿ֮󣬿ԽٻΪǿħ
Ҷа֮ŵɣʵҲڷž޴ı仯
֮һǿľھ֮ߣÿһεߣҶоԼļ⿪ʼ֡
𡭡
һŭһƬ޵ķ棬ʱһװλĿռ両Ҷǰ
ı֮ء
Ҷû˿ĿһԼа֮Ѿʼ仯ΪɫĹ⻪
Ҫ̫ˣ˲佫еľʯ͸ĵҩС
Щҩ޴ʷʫҩа֮ŵɣɫѾʼһɺ졣
ҶţƾԼϵȥɣһԽٴεɱΪԼҪĿֲġ
еħһżȻĻ֮£ҶõһѶϢҲʵϵϸ񻮷ֵģƵġ
ǵ˫ǿ˰ʮֹ
ҶŻ˵ĺ޼ɵȥʩչ
͡
Ӱ˸ҶٴεıߣѸٵĴ˷˹֮С
˹ҪǿĶ࣬ȻѾһΣƻһˣҶ컹ǸоϢһԡϢ
ľǶ˷Уתϡ
ÿһεתҲ漴ĽΧһʼչ𲽵ǿ
ȻǷ˹һξҶƻ֮󣬿ʼӡ
˿˿Ĺâڳ޷ĳ̶תţһ磬һſµķǿеĽԵĻᱻԷķ֮ɳȥģ
ȴɵ޷谭סҶеŭ
ӸղŵڣҶȻĽʱ̵˼£ȴɵ޷еŭй
͡
ʮӰѸٵĴҶϿʼ

ϣ
ʣ
ҲҪֹ𣿡
Ҷ˲мЦݡ
һ裡
죡
䡭
һϵĽ⣬ʼɱ
һ֮ȴӵĴ޾ŭ⣡
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һȻǿᣬҶİһɲǵʱ̣ȴ·ֽһ㣬˲䱻ն顣
ϵĿȥ
类նϵһ˲䣬ķ˹˱Ѿоˡ
˭˵ҷ˹Ұ
һִ޾ϵ·֮䣬ͬһ̬
˹Ϊ֮ףȻһָ߰Ƿ˹˵ĸֵ֮߰ѪȻ޼ɵˡ
һλȵĳҶǰ
ǵҶģ֮ȴ
ǶôϤ˹屻ǿеĻһΣǴɨ棬֮ˣǰһ
͡
ӳļ£һն
˲佫Է˺ѳΪ룡
Ҷ졭Ҷ죡
ĽһڵĿʼ˳
ҶҲһ̣Ϊޡ


1211 壡
ɽӡ
һȴһ㣬ƺƵĴ캳صѹһ̽ѾϳһʵʵĹԣķ˹ڲ޲оһɿֲѹﵽһô˵ĳ̶ȡ
ʮӳ֣
л
Ҷ˫Ŀ񣬻񽣣
˫ͫħħ
߳˫ͬԶŵĴħһ㣬̼˰˻ϣ
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һ޴ӵĴɽȻĴ
һɽ·ǻŵħһ㣬ƺƵ̬ƾϯ谭
Ȼ䣬һķ˹嶼ʼ

Ƕ
˭˵˵ķǷ˹壬ѵ⵽˵ı𣿡

ŭĺһ̷Ҫغһ㡣
ΪħضҪΪȴһ̣Ҳ»ΪħΪҵģ
Ҷﻺ˵
һͥŲ̬·ڹԼҵĺ԰һ̣ҶӰٴε֮С
ɱ֮ء
סһ޴ħɽʼ³
˻ƣ
߳ݺᣡ
ħ֮ǹ
񵶣
ĳͼһħɽ顣
Ǽ˶ʮıɽӡ׵ıġ
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䣬ضΪ͵ӡ
¡¡
ɸĻʼһɽʼѹƣȴûа취ֿסɽӡĴɽѹơ
濪ʼݺݵزʮλǿߵ屻ǿеѹȥ
һ̣ѪȾ˴أʳ˳ӣ
Ҷ˫Ŀɺ̬ЦֹĿǰһУ
㣿
Ĵ֮У˹峤ĻڵĿˣ
ǵһϢ˽ĺܶ࣬ҶӣӵԭֻҪҶһУȴû뵽ǣҶ쾹Ȼɱ
ǿҶǳֵ̬̲סһ
Ҷ졭㾹ȻǷ˹֮УҪ˳׵֮У
ĺ
Ǳٵķ˹ǣȴ׷׵дùģҶĸղŵֶΣֹ̬ѾѰ˵󣬸ӳǵĳܷΧ
Žɫףķģ֮л۳Ϊһɫķӡǣ
Ѫɫ磬һֻ޴ķ˻֣漴ĳ֮⣬濪ʼС
񹭣
ĺһֻҰһ㣬ǿе𿪣
͡
һ޴֮ϣϢ˲Ҷ塣
죡
ķ·һ̻˹һ㣬ٵĻһ⿪ʼҶ֣
Χ˲ŤϣΧĿռ䶼ĲǳΪ˷̬
޵ʵﵽ֮ľ磬ҹʼСһ񹭵Եǿ˼£֣ռʱ䶼ͬǱǿеĶסһ㡣
Ҷȴ˿˿ɷû˿ĵӣ෴ǴŴޱȵЦݣֻһĨȴԵøͱ䣡
򡭡
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͡
ٻ
ѩǹĳҶУǹһ񶯣ǹ
͡
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ˣ
ھҶ׵˲䣬Ȼͣ
ռƿؿռ֮еһУǶԷвѰĴǾĵͼǿߣҶǰȴƨ磡

Ҷըװ쳹
ķŭ⣬һ̴ﵽ۷״̬
뵽溵δ֪뵽ԼȻٴεıв˵İȫҶеɱٴδﵽ۷ĳ̶ȡ
͡
ü֮У֮ȫſ·еһ㣬ϵܣ
䡭
ҶǹһȻ˲޵һţһѾ䵽˵ϡ
޵֮ϣȴѾ˺ѳ룡
޷ŵıɴڣһ˫Ű˫ʱ޷ŵı飺
ôܣ
޷ţ޷ҶʵȻﵽڵ̶ȡ
ž
ķֿˣѪʼһҪ⣬һ̣ҶȴѾԷεذС
㲻ɱңǷ˹Ѫҵ޷˵ѪɱңעľҪ͹忪սԾĹ
޵Ľе
Ҷȴû˿⣬Ц˵
˹塭ĻҵΪڴ
꣡
˺꣬ҶٵĽȥҲϵںУΪؼϢ뵽Լ֮У
õ꣬ҾͿ֪溶ȥ򡭡
ɵվţΧǷ˹ˣȴûһ˵ǰһ
ˡôˣ
һжѡһǸޣ
ɱǵ峤Ǹô죿

֮ϵ쳹Ҷȴû⣬ֻǲϵԷļ䡣
Ǿһ̣һ˿ȴ͵ĴҶϱ˳
ûС
Ҷ֮дһ˿Ĳķ·ҪһжҪһ㡣
ôӣ
̧ԼԴҶ˫ĿȻı˾˵â
ǡȻ˸Ūˣ
䡭
չ
ˮ֮ϣµɷһ㣬ۿ֮µϡ
壡
Ҳ漴ĳ˿֮С


1212 ˶
壡
ǶôԹ䣡
Ѫ֮ˣҪȥ֣ȴҲٵĻȥѡֶΣǴʱҶȴѾ׵ķˡ
ӵļ֮УȻ֣溲δ˴ˣһ˵ޱȣԷĳ඼ûмס
ҶεȥѰңεĲŭ
壡壡ֻܹϴˢǵ
ҶŭӰ֮У˾ͷ·Ҫںһһ㡣
һ޴ķ࿪ʼ֣
࣬ǱǿӰ񣬴һһبţ
Ҷķ࣬Ǿ޴ǧǧۣ
һ޴ķ࣬޴ƥ۾ÿһö۾ɺɫĹâд̰񶾡ȱɱ¾ŭ

ü֮еһֻ۾ɺ֮иӷһ˿Ĺâ
аʥںϡ
е·Ҫبźδһ㡣
޾ͻݻһеİ
ƺǴһ㣡
ۣ֮
ۣ֮㹻ıҶ֮Ҫǿ
ǧ˸֮
֮ǿߣ޷׷׵ĻΪԭʼǿеȥ
֮ǿȴҲԵĲǱϵôɣڱ۾һ֮˲Ѫز
ǵƺǳѹһ㡣
Ǻεȵ
ÿµĻҸоħϢ
ɱ
䣬ˣҶ쵽ǺεȵİԵ
ǰ˵û˿Ĺϵ彾ĺܣһֱǷ
ٺ١ǵʱԴȡһЩô

Χۼޣǵ˫Ŀ˳ȵĹâ
ͼҶ뿪֮еõô
ȴûһ˵ǰȥҶᡣ
Ȼ뷨ڿʼʱҲû뵽κεǣЩڼʶҶʵ֮ȴ޲ͷǻҪȥһʱء
¡¡
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ǧǧۣÿһεĶ޲һƬѪȷ磡
ҶʱѾɱ۾ڷڱ
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׷裬ɺ˸
߱ħһ߱ħһС֮еǿߣ
ڵķ˹˽
͡
һ̣ѶȫޣҶ쵥ֳǹݺ˻ģ֮У򿪣
ɣ
ĻﴫҶķ·û˿¶ȡ
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˵ӿ࣬ƲϵѪӿ·Աһɽ塣
ӵһλӣΪˣһѧΪСżߵ츳ӵԼ׽ļ֮һ
ڼʶүү䣬Լİ֮ڵ̲סŭһʼˡ
ϵʵȻﵽ˲𾳵Ϊ
Ϊǲʮ˵ȷʵǺѵõģǻһ㹻Ľ뵽̫žΪˣЩּҵҲѶãһ߰ڼԼǱҶ첻ϵնɱ֮еıߴﵽ˼¡
Ҫ
ٲɣ
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ħȺƴˣ
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Ҷɫ糣û˿ĸı䣬һȺˣʼĻûй鷳ҲУһжᷢģǴһĻ̣ı
һеķǶԷʼġ
û˵ȨûȨ˵ҵʵС΢ǾԵĻڲģһеһжǡҵģ
ӭˣҶɫ䣬廯ߣÿһļⶼڷĲ
ǹͬһֳȻ
ȻĴ
µľˣ˲˵ӣ˺£
䡭
˵ʵĲģֻһѣ˵ѾҶһǹУ
͡
Ѫɣ
廯ʬ壬ģѪ⣡
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尡
Ϊٱ𣡡
ħ
ɱ
ɱһȫı
Ҷȴû˿⣬ǿеĻеѩǹ
̡塢á
ֶΣ÷Բ׵ķΧ֮ж˳ǹ֮У
չ̰Ľһɽ뵽֮У֮۷ľ粻ϵḶ́
ɱɱɱ
ҶɱۣĲ֪Լɱ˶ٵˣ
͡
һ˱Ҷնɱ֮Ҷ˵ϢѾޣΧŵĸоԼ඼ڲ
壡
ˣ
˹εȵǿᣬһ֧ȴҲʲô˶ȥ۸ģıˣ֮Ҳֻһλˡ
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һŭͻȻһ̱˳
Ӱ˸ĶǶС
汩һֻķ˻ʼأԺյʱչֳĶǶ˵Ĳϡ
һֻ޴צ˺գѹ죡
ǿߡˣ
Ҷݴ˿˿Цߵĳ֡
һ͸ˡ
ɱģȻֻͷ˹֧ȴʵʵڵĴĵ档
ƣ
𣿡
Ҷϴ˿˿ɷЦ˵
Ӱ˸֮УյĴ

èȻĴһƬ֮гһˣǳıи档
ǸˣҶлһȥ
˲Ǳ죡
Ȼûټܹȳ죬Ҳǰο
ȳ֮ҶҲ˫ĿĿա
͡
Ӱ˸
ֲϢռѹƵĿʼγ˵Ĳƣ
һһˣ
Ϳȥڰ֮⣬ϵͬƤǹصϢȴǿ
ۣ֮
Ҷü΢΢һ
ʱĿߵʵ
ǿߣҶڴͨڶ͵ǿߣ
С㵨һɱĺˣںǹս𣿡
屾ҵߴĺ
Էɫһڻۣ޻󲻶ϵһ˫۾ڳ˿˿ɷ
ҪһԲϱֵӡ
䣬һǿߣΪ
Ҷ쿴߻˵
ϵǿߣΪ˵
ߵݣҶѾҵˣӵſսǿߣȻѾܾûжˣȴǿʵ
ߵĲ⡣
ҵĳ֣Ӧ֪ˣһʼʱǺ֮ìˣһΣǷּҵĵ鷳ҲǷˣСǸóΪʥӣ
Ķִһ̣Ѿһļž


1213 ߱ħ֮
ʥӡ
ַ·ǧǿеѹһ㣬ݺݵߵ
Ǻܿٴε¶ɫ
ʥӣΪʥӣȴͷ˹նɱϣ壬Ҫס㶼޷κ񣡡
ȻرȴҲһλźСˣ΢ǵһ˿ˣҪҹսıңѵ֪ߵغ֮ϵرѹȻ󽻸ҹս㣡
һֱû˵ĻĿ˵
ˣ
ѩǹ͵ķһ죬Ҷջڣаħȴٴεĳ֣
аħ
ɱ¾֮
ɱ
ʲô
ɫ΢΢һ䣬̲סĺȵ
ɫ̬֮Уȴƺǲһ˿ӡ
ҶĴţҲйţʮһ֮еʥ˶սһƶû˳Կǿޡ
ǵʵȻǿҲǸ߸ϣϣԲǺʥԿĽɫ
Ҷ죬һλᣬϵıȻҷӡǻὫ㽻ҹսıңȴģ˵һζķںԿ֮սһս޷еĺ
Ҷ˫Ŀɺ죬еаħڲϵĲѪϢ
кܶǲ֪Ҫһְ
ʲô
λϵ϶ʱһ䣬˲Ŀʼ¶̰ɫ
ҶϵôĻһξԵķˣֻССĹֻ֧һ˿Ǹ߹Ѫͳˣ֧֮У㲻ʲô
ǿȥ塣
رȴһҶڵʵȫĲϣһжãõĻԵĿֲԼʧʱԼĹ彫ﵽһõĳ̶ȡ
ϵڼģ㽻Ϸ㽻ҹսģǵʧǻҵǼȥѯʵģ
̰ı鿪ʼøԡ
ǻǽԼ˫ĿʼҶеаħϵĿȥ
ȻѾʼĶˡ
ϵı飬˫Ŀ֮е̰̬иӵЦ
⵶̲ϵɱħ⣬аħıУССͲŶⳤõıȥ˽ᱻħһħ
Ҷɫ΢΢һ
飬߿ԵѾںˡ
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˵Ļơһչ漴һ磬޴棬̲ϵĵ⣬Ҷаħץ˹ȥ
꣬һֻֿȥǿᣬʵȴľ
֣֮
̲ص⣬ƣ
߽ϣԽضΪ֮ҡ
ۼŶԷѾҶ񵶡
һ̣
͡
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аħȻĳ֣
ˣħƵ
һ̣Ҷ˫Ŀɺµʮ׵ĳ̶ȣеаħݺ۳ңȻһµ
ն꣡
˵һҶȻ֡
͡
꣡
Ǿ޴Ʒ·ֽһ㣬ԷĵҶаħǰ˲Ҷ챾ᵶǰС
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ң
ɫ䣬ĺȵ
ķ˻Ȼչᣬʮǧöķëÿһ̲ϵ¶һִݿϢ˹ȥ
ƺƵ̬ͬһƬɫƶ䡣
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аħ˫֮һеȫĻ촷ۣǷ˻ĽҲ⡣
췴С㲻ã
ɫŤ֪
аħ֮Ѿħ۵ĵز곹׵ħ㲻ǹ֮еĵӣնɱ㣡
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ʱѾȫȴҶǿֻǱҶϵʴ
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֣һɽնȥ
һȻƼ򵥣ȴ̲Ҷڵ֮
̲صİǻ޷ȥ򵽣ֻǸоһ·Ҫض׵նһ㣬ѹ岻ϵĲȴһɿµѹס޷
͡
ٱӳ֣
䡭
Ƴ֣Ҷ磬߲֮׵ϣ˪Ϣû˸ов

Ľ˳
Ϊǳ֮һǸ߸ϵǿߣȴҲûа취Ŀ־塣
͡
Ȼն˷˻󣬽䳹׵ķ飬Ϊ˵ǳûͣЪֱӵ˳նȥ
ۡ
һѪԷѾΪء
а㲻ú㾹ȻնɱһλϣļΪ㣬޾ѹġ
ȻѣʱһµŻ
Ȼǿе˺տʼӴܡ
ʱڵ֪Ҷǿǿа͹ϡ
ǻ֮䣬ǲ֮䣬Ҷȴһն϶Է塣
ߣ
Ҷĺȵ
͡
һ裬˲䵶ൽʮľ룬Χɽ屻˲˺Ѻնϡ

Ľ
һ̿ռȴպˡ
Ȼʧԭ
ˣ
һһ鷳ˡ
Ҷɵ˻˵
һ˻ȥǾͶɲС鷳
˼Ƭ֮Ҷȴٴε뿪
ߣˮڣҶ죬¹˭
Ӱ˸Ҷ뿪
Ȼһնɱһλǿ߰
һǺεȵǿ᣿
С
߱ħȻǿ˹
һʱ䣬˵ٴεĴﵽһ߳ĵز
ɣ߱ħ֣ٴα貵Ĺ⻪


1214 ƶ
߱ħ
ַ·˻һ㣬ѸٵĴ
壡
飬ҲֻЩžѾΪһλӻʯϼһǲеֶΡ
һƬΰĿռ֮Уһ޴ĹС
⹬֮ϵľ޴··һǾһֻ޷˵Ӱӡ
һֻ޴ķ·ÿһϸ΢̵൱ǿĲе
һ˫ȵϢ·𣬲ϵӿַ·ǿգ޾ķ䣬ƴ
ǿ涼һ˫۾пʼݻ˳
ǿ
⹬һ޵һŻ谵Ӱ֮УһӰƺǴһɿµ¸ٴ۳Ϊʵʡ
ķ˸ÿһĿһִĺۼڲϵƣи˿ռ֮󣬾þõûӡ
ӰӲϵΧһյĻ󻺻ɣһ˻󣬵Ǻķ޵ȴΪŲͬĵط
ɫɫĻ棬ϵëƬ棬аϢŻ󲻶ϵչʼγɣݻΪһǿҵơ
ǿᣡ
ƥ
棡
һȻĴ
ֻת˲ΧĿռȴһĲ
䣡
һƬڷķڣڷ·еˮһ㣬еĸǿϢϵݻǿʼγʵʡ
ۼ
塭
ĻһοʼŻת˲ʧһ̣ռ֮УȻĳﳯ˵̬
ķ˻󲻶ϵŤγɣЩ̬֮дһӣŤϵĵֿ
εĵֿȴɵûа취ȥһֻ޴Ļ֡
չᣡ
ൽ׵ĵزƥ
Ӱ޴Ļ֣ЩӰһףЩʹı顣
ǶǷ˹һǿߣǶˣΪǣֻнԼһ˿ֵӳǲ˷ѣΪҵĲƷɣ
Ե֮даͲпɢ˳
䡭
һӰȻĴӰ֮бƶ·Ǵ˼һ㣬Ӱ֣ΧҲһ̿ʼȻľۼһ𣬻ϣݻһɽӡޡ
䣬ռ俪ʼ˹
͡
ռٴε˺ѣӰȻƿն˲仯˳һ϶صĹ֮С
ף಻ϣǰĹ·ΪµǱֻ޴չˣչ߷ɣҪӭһľˡ
⹬ΧȻûرأһɺ嫶޵ϢȴڲϵĴݳ
ԵһϵĹ򵥡
ӰҲʼʾ˳
һλȥʮ˾ӣһĻȻڸסˣԼ¶ļȴʾһ㵭ӫ⣬ͷ·һһ㣬ע⡣
ǱЩǿ߿ĻԵĿԲ²⵽ʲô
ֻѧϴﵽ˼߲֮󣬲Żֵһ̬ԷΪԵѾﵽһ۷ĲΡ
Ӱ˸ǿаıӵʢ
ˡ
ӰȻǰȥ˲˴
ʮӰѾĳ
ڴмطһŻڲϵɢ
һŻ濴ȥƷƻˣ֣ϵչֳһɿֲ˵
֮УҲڿٵĸıš
ӽ˴˲䣬˵ɫʼı仯˳
ӭ峤ˡ
Ĺ˵ϣɫϻ̳Ͽ֣һ˿ûڸǵĵ֮ɫ

ӵﻺӦһ漴ĸһŻ棬ԼĿԿ֮еһİһ漴Ŀʼӵ֮У漴ٴαɣʱƽԷ𽥵¶һĨϲ֮ɫ
Уûе˵ģֻһֹŹֵڿӡ
Ҷҹս壬ڵĻǳһλ˲õŰ
ڵٴ̧Դ
峤һеһּҡˣҲ˵䣬궼û˵׵նɱΪޣ
һλߵ˵
𣿡
΢΢ĵ˵ͷ
Ҷ컹ЩֶΣһᣬǵʵȴҵĶߣҹսѵҪ𲻳ɣ
˵˫ĿȻļµââž˵棬ȵ¶ȣ㹻ÿռ䷢һɿµŤת
֮УɱޱȵϢݺݵسһ˹ȥ
顭
˵߱ݺݵѹȥ˵巢ž죬Ȼڳһɾ
峤峤
Ľ

Ȼʩչ˲ĻȰ̬Ӷ֮У
䡭
ߵ屻صĴ˳ȥ
ǲǿҶķϣһƴˣҶԵĲܹ֮УĻҷ˹ţ㲻Ҫ˵һ
˵䣬Էü֮УһĨӡС
ӡӡ㣬ĵͬҪչ߷һ㡣
Ҷ쿴ӡǵĻһ֪һݡ

Ƿ˹ߣһĹ峤ı־
峤Ҷɱ˵лҹսǿߣеһλĳҹһλͽԽ£
λߵ³Ѫȴȥһ£Ľе
û˿еֻ¶ĵ֮ɫ
ҵʵͻƵƿǸʱ򣬱ǴΪµʱڣ첻𾳵ΪʱĲܹ棬ȻգǾȥɣҿǲȥֽûһʧˣ꼴ǱסˣҲ㳹׵ķġ
һ˿аĹâһš
ƶ
һԵĵͼĶǣһֱƿأȻ˲棬ȴûκεһʵԺƶ
ǰǰһδֻ֮У߱ħ֮ʼ֡
ȴûʧƶĶΪɢƶ׬ȡһʡ
֮ϣ׵ĸ߶֮Уƽû˿Ĳˣ·Ǿ°
ͻأľʱ֮Ȼһֻơ
ƽ񣬵ȴ̲Ũ֮
֮磬˸·֮䣬һְֻ̬֮
͡
Ȼ˺ѣѸٵĳһ޴ѺۣһӰĴ˳
׷ɣɺ֮дɱޱߣ
Ҷ죬ƶ
ɷȥڸסԴӽķּ֮ҶϵɷѾŨʵʡ
ƶû뵽ҾȻٴεĳ
֮µĶǣҶ̲ס¶һĨɫ


1215 ߱ħͽ
طҶ˾֮󣬵һԳʱɹ֮ء
оϤϢҶ̲ס¶һĨЦݣֻЦ֮Դɣζ
ӡΪʦٴεĻطû뵽һжûзı䣡
һҶı˿˿Ĺâ
漴ٻһ껺ĳ֮ڡ
ľȻı飬ģӣǺӵ̬
Ǵʱһȴûյֻãֻܰӡ
ʧȥ˴󲿷ֵ꣬һûа취µΪ尡
Ҷüͷ΢΢һ
ͺһֲһ㣬ȻԭӺһеĹܣȴ޷һ㣬ĻҶƾһԷȥµ壬ȴҲ޷õԭĵӡ
ǵϴ֮УɢˣеһƺǳŶȥǵҵʵǵ΢ûиоȴ뵽һ㣬һ꣬ȴ֮УڰһΣƺǻҪȥһˡ
ҶЦ˵
Ϊкܶ飬ҶѾʼˡ
Ķ˵ҶӰ˸˲Ļͨ˵ӣ滺ĶȻŵˡ
ĶǺԭһ޶ķ
Ҷǰȥ
ͻأľʱһ˳
ССһ̣ҲҺǷ֪˭߱ħͽõ߱ħ˵£ǾȻ˵ĺǽа壬ǲȥˡ
ϵĴݳ
̶ĺܣȴһʢ˵̬
ƶûĴڣҶ첻ɵЩ㵡
ֻǲԶһģСỊ̇ڱƻţһˣʮ꣬Լʮ˵ӣʵ϶ҲСǾΪ
ߵһλҲСǾľ۷徳硣
Ϊ۸һͨ˵Ǵ´ˡ
ܹȥ԰ӵģҲ󲿷ֵĶͨˣ˶ڰ̵ˣȻΪ䱧ƽȴûҪǰȰ裡ȻǶһЩɵ
вʵͨǿߣҲҹȥ£
Χһλȥģӣʱ˵ϣѪϵȴɵĲɿڡ
Ŀ˼֮Ҷȴֻ֣һѰİ̶ѣǺܿҶıЩΪ̵ˣҶƺʶ
һΪǵĳ֮УǱĺܣ˱ʩһöԪһǰ԰ӣǰ̵ˣƺǰӡ
ԷҶйһʩᣬȻ˵ֻǺСһ⣬ȴҶС
Ӱ΢΢һҶѾȺ֮дҶһȻΪĺ£̬ɢҶûٵ谭
ϰ壬һӰӡҪߣ
Ҷһ˿ĲƺǶΧһû˿һ㡣

ڶǰ̵ŹȻһ漴̧ԼԴ
һλʵΪǿǾ۷ǿߡ
΢΢ĳҶ쿴һ֮һĵɴֱӵָҶԴȵ
Сӣղ˵𣿡
Ҷüͷ𣬶ǰһָ񣬵˵
ģѲɶѾʼ˥ҵȻ󣬵ȴҲԵĿɣ
Ҷ첻˵
һİɣ
϶ˣֻЩ֮ˣŻ˵ĲѲ֪һʲô𣿡
߱ħͽǿǴ˵֮߱ħţ֮û˵ȥǵģһôĵӰ
ꡭСҪȺ߱ħͽˣ߱ħʲô˰ǿնɱǿߵħڶκβ˶ԷģǸûʸġ
ǰ˵һεشĴЩͨ˻Сĵĺð
˵ٴεĴݵҶĶߣȻСȴҶĶ䡣
߱ħ
֣Ҷ̲סЩȻ
쵰Ɒ΢Ȼʱҿǲˣһͨˣ˵ķ

˵ģȻĻӶ˳֮Уƴſµ糯Ҷϻ˹ȥ
ӵϴһĨɱ
飬ģȻĺǼ죬ʱѾҶԴѵˣ뵽ѪҺȼգڷ
Сӣ±ӣõĶ೤Լ񣬲ǵˣǧҪǣ
һѾҪҶ棬ֻҪһ̣ҶԴͻ·ͬһѵһķѡ
ǵɫݺݵһ䡣
Ľе
ҪԸǮλˣԸǮ

ЦӶԷﴫ
ߵʮˣ˵Цݣ
Ϊʲôˣ߱ħͽ߱ħͽ߱ħ˵־ΪСӵ߱ħ˵־͵

Ȼͣ
Ʋ·һ쭷һ㣬ʱΧݳѪһȾ˲񷣬Ѫꡣ
еˣ̲ס¶˾ɫǰһС
ֻҶδվУǰԭǳҶȶ߱ħͽʱ徹ȻǿеѳΪ롣
һ뻹ԭվӣڳҶȶ⣬һ㣬ȴ׵ʧˣѪӶԷĲȱ
㡭ʲô
Щƻһ߱ħͽȻʵ΢ȴɵӣڿҶЦЦɫ֮ڵĿʼղӵĴ£аԵΪڣǴͷˣѾʧȥԼʱػˡ
ԭ˳˲ĻһֻɽͻһһֻѪͻεܹˡ
Ҷû˿飬ЦֹĿŶԷ˵
û¡ֻǿǲ˳ۡ
߱ħ˵ĵӣΪ׽ͽǵҡ
͡
һ˽˲סһȺˣѪȻķ裬ӣһ
һ˿걻Ҷ˹ȥڽ俴֮Ҷ϶ʱ¶һĨ㵵ɫ
ԭν߱ħôһˣֻǺ֣һﾹȻǴԼµģҶ̲סЩȻջ
ô飬ʵȴΪԵʶֵġ
˵ԼΪνġ߱ħ˲ٵ
㾧Ԫ°ɣصԼĳȥɣﲻʺ㡭
ҶֵӳһСӣʧ
ӵɫ΢΢һ
ˡ
û£ҶȴѾʧӰˡ
΢΢Ĵ˴ӣʱٴεĽϣǲڵľԪϹ۾
뵽Ҷղŵ̬
Ȼһ
׷Ѫͫ߱ħ


1216 ħ
ҶӰ˸ϣɢһĹԣնɣγ˵ߵϢڼԦһǰС
ЩС켶߱ħͽ֮УҶõһЩҪѶϢ
ν߱ħȻԼ˷ˣǺܹǣһЩλҪԺյ֮⣬Ϊ߱ħŵ棬ȴܹ֪߱ħӡ
ֻǽڴ˵֮е˽⣬Էһ׷ѪĿ֮
˵ʵȴǿ󣬽񻯳Ϊ޵е״̬
ΪʲôҪҵأңһȺ˾ȻͼڽȥռڣӭȢڵĴСľա
뵽Щ֮Ҷ̲סǰ˹ȥ
һΪԷڴԼ˷ˣһһʵҶ첻ˬĺܣȻҶûжٵĺøУȴҲٵԼԭţɲδ֪ļһȥƻԷ
һеһУģһΣҲǻں֮Ķɡ
Ҷ૵ĵӰһ̣ӵѸ
ڣ
Ϊƶ֮ΪǿţҲΪӰһɵڵĵҲˮǴߵš
λԺգƶ֮УΪ֮أԪŨޱȣǿҲһҲʹ˵ʱյ˲ٵ
ƣĹ⻪˸Щ⻪ÿһǿҵԪԵΪԪֵŨɵʵ״̬
ɫĹ⻪ûΪ·Щ·˿˿ȻǰصİܹЩԪݻĵϢ㹻ĿĳڵǵǺεȵľĽȥάϵʹһƬõĵ
һɫĹ⻪͵Ĵգ漴ķ·һƤĺһ㣬ٵٴԾһöľ֮۳ɵѾ˺ܳ£˿˿ԡ
͡
һֻɫ͵Ĵգ˲֮Уൽ׵ľ룬ľ֮ĽᾧûзӦ˲䣬һŵĻ˹ȥ
͡
һƿʼ쳹˳
ʱٵӰ֮ϡ
չֳΪ֮˱һԺɫ
ռ䱻̤飬һаϢϵŤת
µĺɫ⻪ķ·Ǻҹ֮еһ㣬Ȼվ
һͨ޻һ˫ĿȴԵø죬·Ϊаħһ㣬
Ӱ֮УŲǿߣǵ޲ż̰ɫڿǰһУ·Ҫ䳹׵Լһ㡣
Ϊ׵ӻ̯Լƣľ֮۵ľڲȴ·Ǵ޾һ㣬ƾŶԷڷȴûа취ȥѣǱһɸڲϵɡ
Ԫôĳ氡Ȼǿ飬Ȼ˵ʵǿ󣬵ǰȴǺģĻ㹻ǵʵɿĳɳŶõ°ڣٴεĻˣ
ĴӵﴫݳϴŷɫڵһС
ڵĴ֮У
һڴ۹֮У
û󻤷𡭡
ĻƿԼƽ
ҵ֮飬Լȥɣ
һλӻĿ˵
һۼϴž˵ĵ֮·˶ԡһ֮֮С
ݿȴһֲŭľơ
һԽɫ˫ĿʱſµĹâƺҪһе谭һ㡣
֮һε飬㣬ҲڵĿ첻ףû뵽Ȼһ治֮ˣһε飬ܹȫĹֵ֮壡
λϵĶľջؿ˵
ľմʱ˿˿ƣһִ˹ϵبŵϢ
ķڲϵչֳÿһ£ÿһεĺһϵǿİ
̫ž
ľվĻǽ뵽̫žΪ
ʱľ磬ǽ뵽һִ̬߰ÿһεﶼԴž˵ָ̬˲Ŀʼǳ
һȷʵǵʧߣǡȴҪŽˣȻ߱ħȴҲԵı߱ħӵĻˣа֮ǱҪȥѹ
һλĿԲĺȵ
ͷĻɫž˵ĻϢȻѾģȴһֳȻϢ
һλڻƿأΪŮһλʵǿᣬƢ֮һֱڱչأĳ֣ʵȴ൱ǿᡣ
߱ħ֮£ǲҪ½۵ĺãϾҲд󣬵֮ˣȴаħ֮
û̲סĿ˵
һķɫȹеİ͹£׵ϢԵøˡ
֮Уâ˸֮У֮ͬеǳһ㣬ڲϵ˸
ľգǰһݳ죬һ˿ۣ
λһΣһξ޴ĽѣǶη˵֮壬뿪֮ǰˡħᡷһаľѧȻڶʱ֮ڿԴﵽߵĲΣǡħᡷҲһŸȱĺܣħۺε֮һǿޣаǸϵľѧÿһֶаĺܡǶηĻܿڵѾﵽһ˵ĵزǲɲ߾ۼ˴ǿߣܹڶ̶̵İʱۼôǿߣԵľͲ򵥣
ľ촽˵
ȷʵǴˡħᡷĻǶκεһ˶һֻҪ߱ħţߺߣնţ
ŮĿ˵


1217 㹻ʸ
䡭
˻ڽ˲䣬һɿµȴȻĴһѹ
ֲϢ·ǾĶħһ㣬Ϊаɱ¾
ĺ˰ڣ֮ϣݻΪĳߡ
Щߣÿһž˵Ϣɫĳ֮У˸аŵǰµ̬
ħۣԣ
һ˲
ӿʼʱڣһһλȴΪϲһλӵıѣԼĵ۹䣬Ϊʷĳ˸ǴӴ˱ˣѻ
յ֣ǳ¥֮ء
ˣı㱻ɣ˷ӵĳ̶ȣΪĲгǿһġ
һżȻĻ֮ħԣȴ˲Ĵ䣬ĸ漴һٳΪһ
ıѩޣʱģԣȴǴ䣬ԭĵһλСˡ
ľѧÿһľѧаȴţȻȫ
ʷϵˣҲһﵱһλаͽ
ߣ
ħԵı־
ߴŴأҲǿ
ȻΪӦε̬ɳħȴƫƫȥѡ˺ߡ
ǿĺÿһҸоеĻ̬һﵱǡħᡷɣ
Ů̲סĽе
ܵģ⡶ħᡷıһһＴǿ̿ȴҲôݵʱУõôǿġ
ûɫ˵
ʵϣȴǿԵġ
֮ﻺ˵
Ϊʲôʱ䣬СӵʵԴôͼֶγɳ𣿡
Ůȵ˵
ǵģǿԵġ
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ΪʲôȫΥ˳
֮ɫ࣬ϵ嫣ԼĿʼ֮ϵȺǿĶԿ
ߺԵģ֮ϵΪԴǻۣ㿪ʼûΪ˳
ŭ˲˺ĳߡ
˵аŵ似𣿡
ɱȻĴӶľյһŵ˵
ƽӦ֪ģеĹ似УȷʵǴſڶʱ֮ڣɳľѧη屾˲ɵ൱ĴϻۣԵĿ֪صġ
ͽ治ͽȻеľѧΪ־аϢʼݻһﵽ˶١
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ٴεıŷ޾ƿʼݻ˼£䣬ضڱһɺɫյڵ
ڣֻˡ
֮Уһ˱Űݵ档
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ֲԸǶȿʼܴ˳ȥ
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ϵĽײ֮쳹˳
ڵĵѾ׷׵ֱֳпʼȥ
飡
ֿȴȥе
˲֮УѪʼɳȥȾ˲񷡣
ǺУħ۵ľѧ֮һһﾹȻ̶𣿡
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ʱϴſµŭ⣬ۻӶȵĳ˳
Сġ
ĽеӰҲ漴ĸȥ
Ǻµ֮˵ŭޣԼǵõѹơ
֮У棬ǧɫĴ߻ڲϵطвÿһεĲΧĵ濪ʼ˺ѵԲ׵ķΧ֮У֮ĵӣϵıбѣѣѪɺӣ
ڶ棬֮ϣһЦŵĿһУ
Ϊ׵һˣȥƽһ˫Ŀȴž˵а죬˿˿Ĺâ˫Ŀ֮˸ϣ䣬ڽռ䶼һĲǴһ䡣
˵Ϣںһ
ΰû뵽㾹ȻħӦöϸ̵ġ
֮ﻺ˵
¶ʹĵɫ˵
֮Ϊչ˵ķϣһԷѧȻ뿪ڵӸıˣıĿɲֻԼӣĻԼʵõĲҪ鷳ڵһңҪˣǺա
˵ʱһ˿ŰĿгϣ˫ĿǴ˿˿а񲨶ŶĶľտ˹ȥ
ôĵӣҿ㻹ΪħľѧΪ˲ˣ
ŮƢ𱬣ʱŭһŤתһѸ۳Ϊһ޴ʨ
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ֻӶȭͷŻ棬ûĻѸٵĴȥ
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𡭡
ŭʨ˲֮Уʼ仯ΪΪ޴Ĳ
ŭʨצ˲˶Էǰ
ʨȭǻƿػŮˡ
ŭĿʦΰû˿ĵӣ嶼ûжһ¡
ֻһ˫˫ĿٴεĿһۻŮ
ȻѾЩˣĻǱֵĲȵҶ˶ľ֮ҲΪҵŮ˵ġ
֮еֲм͵Ϸ̬ʱûŮ¶һĨŭı顣
СС˵ȴ㲻ʲôҡ
ߵĻչֳ˲֮УһִݿƷѹȥ
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޴ĻʨȻڼ˶ΰ˲䣬ǿе˺ѳΪĩһЧʼӳֵġ
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˵ɫı仯˳
ǶľյɫΪࡣ
ĿǰĶΰڵһ̿ʼԴʧɫ
Ϣبŵδƿأǡ֮
һ̣˵ɫʼĸı䡣
еĵӣ˺λ򿪽֮ţλƿǣһ֣
ľյĺ

Цΰ﷢˳
ҵʵǴǡħᡷ֮ҵʵﵽ̶ȫǻԵɺϣҵޣҵľѧأǿߣ
ƻӶŰɫԽŨ
ǸҵĶ֣ѹɣ
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һɾ˵ѹʱڿ֮Ťתˡž
¡¡
ŤתʧɫһƬĺڰʼ֡
ĵѪ
ԭǿֶΣƽ̺ƿǣÿһλǿߣƶ֮Уһν߱ħŸĲ⡣
ȴоΣµΣ
¡¡
ľյĳ֣һͼָֹɽ
顭
ۡ
ޱȵȴ˸ҵĽֻת˲ǵ;ѧںϵǿеΪ㡣
ľգû뵽Ҳһա
ıɳȥѪɣŵصĶľգΰ¶˿ĺ˷ܵɫ
֮֮ǿߣеˣɫı仯һпʼɣ
Էһ㹻ѹסеǿߣ
ҵ˭ҵţ˷أԭһ߰ҵţ㡭ʸ𣿡
һϷʵĴĴ


1218 Ű
֮дŵĳڶޱȵķ̺Ͳм
һλŸ̬߰ˡ
֮߰Уȴ̣·ǶǶΰޱȵĲм
˭˭
ΰɫ΢΢һ䣬͵ŭ
Դӵõˡħᡷ֮ʵͻͽȴҲԵ޷ﵽ֮ΪһżȻĻ֮£ȴԵɺϵĵõĪԵҲ˲Ż˽յͻơ
Ǹ֮߰Уޱȼ˵̬ȴԳסԷֲ֮м
ŭٴεĳ֣ԭɢĺɫħٴεĸ
Χɢ˴̶Ľǿݺύ㹻ıκεһֽ˺ѵΧһг׵Ļˡ
һӰ˸
ۻӶҲԷ̫ƾ֮УȻһɿµ쭷硣
쭷Ťת޾ķ͵Ļһֲֻķ˸ſԼצץȥ

԰ټƵĺɫߣֽͬһ㣬ǿе˺ѳΪĩ
͡
Ӱͣ
Ӱʼ
ɫĳ죬׷΢΢ĸ˿˿˫Ŀɺ֮УŵЦݣҶڣ
ٴεĳ֣ʵϺ͵λȴѾ˷ǡ
죿
û̲סľ
졭ǰ׷Ѫͫ߱ħ߱ħ
λӵ̲ס¶˾ɫ֮ϵҶ졣
ûչ𣬵ȴվһݵʵԵĿڳǿߣһݷƵ̬ԿĳҶĿֲ
߱ħѵ˵߱ħ߱ħŵ쵼߲ɣ
ɣղƺ߱ħֵֿסͽΰģ
һΣ߱ħǲٵڣһкεȵ찡ֱǶħһ㣡
ǰǰ̫ǿˡ
˵һĴҶĶߣֻǶЩˣҶû˿ĺøС
Ǻļ䣬Ҷ챾ڵĵӣԲôٵ
Ǹ
ľյ˵
ľյĳſпȥղŵһУǿĺҶ쾹ȻƾһУϵ˶ΰĽһֶοǲ򵥰
Ҷ졭㾹Ȼţ
ΰ¶Թɫĺ
ŶԷһԹı飬Ҷ΢΢ĻһмĲ
ΰþòˣֻû뵽ǣ㻹˵˶İ쵽֮ΪȴǱ΢ĺܣȻҵţҡײƭŻˣ
Ҷ˿ûЦ
Ҷ졭ڵʵѾ֮Ϊˣƶ֮УΪǿģĶǣʮҲẦ£Ҳż㲻ңҲĴˣ㣬ֻһССϣһ޷ԿĳʵƺҲǺȽϣ̫Զˣߣڰħߣ
˫ȻĽӡŭȵ
屩Ƴ
һ޴ĳ˲׳˸űϢ˲֮Уɫ߻ʼһأݺݵسҶҧȥ
ƾˣ
ഫ֮أŵԨ֮ķ϶֮УһִߣΪڰħߣƤǲף£˺ǳֶȴԵĲԷһɵ
Ҷεȵļʶһ۱߿˶ԷֶΣϳǴڰħߵ
ħ۵ЩֶΣȻǴڰħǿĳ̶ȣȻֻǵԨ϶֮ĲһֵĻԵ죬ħȻʶڰħߣԲԷĻ󣡡
ɣ
Ȼһѹ
ҶĿ϶ΰȴ˿û顣
䡭
𶯣Ҷâɣ·һ޴һ㡣
ֱൽ׵ĳ̶ȣ޴ޱȣһ˦ȥ
ۡ
һ̣Ǿ޴Ĵڰħȴɢ˾˵ȻһڽҶȫȥ
Ҷ찡Ҷ죬㵱Ϊڰħһ˿Ԩ㹻ӵһе˵ĺܣٶȾˣ㣬ȥӦѾȥˣеĺڰ˲㻯ΪѪˮҾͿ㲻˳ۣϣƾʲôᲢۣ㾹ȻҲ˵磡
ĺﴫ˳
̵ˣ
ôܣѵ߱ħǼٵĲɣ
군ˣ군ˡ
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죬Ϊڵĵӣεܹû޵־
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1219 ڰ֮
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Ϊǲ𾳵ǿ̶ȣСΪǶΰ㱻һָͷӲĴˣڵҶȴĿŰҶʵǴﵽһεǿĳ̶ȡ
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1220 
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˫ҵĽӡһµӡǿʼҶ֮УÿһӡǣŴܡ
ǵ۷һžѧΪ
һžѧȥһߣֻǿȥѵ꣬Һķѵǿ
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Ѹٵ뿪ΪΰļУҶ췢һҪ顭


1221 ºռ䣡
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1222 ǿն츣
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һŭѣȻռڲȴҲû˿⡣
һŭ޵ĿֲʱΧĿռ俪ʼ漴ɢ˾صѹ
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ʱĴһ֮Ҷռ֮е飬ΪǿĴڣŭ֮ʱʮĿռڲ顣
ռ޾޴ȻֻһС֣ȴҲҶ󵽵ľ޴
ߵŭ֮ѵĿռٴεĳһֵĺۼ
ӵǿˡ
ֽУֻһɫĴ󶴳ǰڶϵɫĹâ
ЩɫĹâͬˮһ㣬ȴ˸һĹԡ
بҵ̫֮ӵĸ߹ͺɵĻ޵ĪúЧȻҵΪ˵ǿ󣬵ȴ㹻ҵǿܶ࣬Ĵ󰡡
Ҷȴû˵Ķ
֮ۻһâѸٵ뵽һڶ֮УСӣȻ֪ϲڱĺ¡
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֮ۿԶһУת˲֮䣬ҶǰѾب
һ˿һبԺ鵤ҩԱȣҶǰһٲһبȴ·ǲҪǮһ
ÿһٲبɣеĽγ˽һӣеĸǻ˺
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ҲֻЩ֮ˣŻǿóһֵب
ҶԸĻԻǿߣԴҪȥȡġ
ôبȥȥĻ֪Իȡٵıﰡѵ˵Ǵ˵֮еǿն츣أ
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ǿն츣أ
Ҷ΢΢һѸٵҵ˹ǿն츣صϢ
½ϡɽ󡭡ȵĻ֮УŶ츣ء
츣֮Գ֮ΪأȻΪвˣԪˣﾪˣֻҪĻȫĿԽԼٶʮϰٱĳ̶ȡ
Щ츣أһ˷֣ᱻǿеĿܹЩ츣صҲ϶ź͹ϵļˡ
Ÿأǿ֮иӵĻڣֻ޴󣬸޷֪浽ܹ쵽εȵĳ̶ȣеĿռ䣬ǶʤԪࡣ
츣صĴҲſռŤ仯ʧһ츣أǾͽһײˡ
˵ڵҶ죬ײˡ
ǿյĶ츣غǺҲ֮Ϊǿն츣أе̶Ⱥͺ̶ȣν֪ġ
ߡ
Ҷﵭĺȵ
漴һ˺ڶİΧٵĳһƬռ俪ʼ˹ȥ
һƬǿն츣أû˻ѡܾеջ󣬼ҶҲУɵӣǿն츣ؿûνΣտԣ޵ػ͸նΣ
ǿն츣ش֮Уܻܿڶʱ֮ڱʧȻµĹǧǧŻµĳһΡ
ɡ
ٻҶŰ˲ͼʱչγһɽ׳Ļϵľÿһεľ𶼻ռ俪ʼǿе֡
ˡ
ҶֱӵԾһ޴ĺȫب֮УΧبѸٵİΧסҶ塣
ǾʱҶȴоˣԼ֮УƺǳһޱȵĲɲԼ򡭡
ռ򣡣


1223 ռƬ
ϤĲſռϢζÿһһ˿ʼоԼڳɳ
Ҷ켤˵
ǿռĲبûЧŨĿռϢġ
ͺè໥һۣ¶˾㵵ı顣
ôǲ뵽ʲô
Ҷ̲סʵ
ǿն츣أǺĴڣЩӵ˵ǿߡšƿǣ޷϶ԼһӿһΣӵ̸ȥõˣǿն츣صǿ֮Ȼǿ֪ģȻ޾بԵıԵѷʯ䶼ûгһ˿
˫Ŀ˿˿ļ֮ɫļ˵
ֻܹһԭӵһıѾӰ쵽ΧĲܣҲûʸʯ䣬بһؼϾԿԴȥıɾûôõˡ
˼˵ﻹиӸ߼ı
Ҷ˫ĿʼŹ
֮Уһʵʻبϵ֮Уһ֮ڲϵݻָǻΪһŻľ޴ŷݻΪȺӡ
ݻյҫ
Щب˵еʵ̫ˡ
µٶȱҶ컹ҪˣΪˣÿһε£Ὣһֵע뵽Ҷ֮УӶҶٶȸӵѸ١
Ҹоﻹı
Ҷ϶ĵͷһϢڲϵӰԼ򣬾ͷ·ӻعĸ׵Ļһ㡣
һϤǿϢӰ졣
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ҶڵĽبȥ֮Уǧë׸ǻһֻֻһ㣬²ϣϵĴҶ
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Ҷȴ⣬ڸĲȱبΧب
ĴΧһжڸı䣬ֲϵĴе֮ע뵽Ҷ֮С
ҶѪ֮УԴһѪ֮Ҳʼӵһ˿Ϣ޾بϵע뵽Ҷ֮󣬶ʱľ·ǳѪһĿʼ
ԼĿԿ͵ľ棬˿˿·Щ··һƬƬһ㣬بϵע룬Ҷľʼ仯Ϊε̬

ͺèߵӶɵùԲţ۰ľˡ
һﾹȻÿһļͳ̶ȣ嶼ҪģһԺͻԭֻҪٴεͻԭľ磬ĳһǧͻͽ
һǸ̬
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ޡ
ҧгݵĽе
ȴûпè˲̧ԴʼĦݡ
ʥ
Ҷﻺĺ
ʱоԼڴµıǴﵽǿļ£ԭĳ̶Ҫǿʮĵز
بεȵĿֲΪҶ̫ƿأǳˣǿǧٱ⣡
ǼˣҶȴѾоˣԼѾԺǴͨǿӲӲĶԿˣǽⲫĻǴͨǿߣԵȥһ
𡭡
ŭبΪ壬Ҷľ֮УʱҶϵ֮ʼıŷ֮ϵҲﵽһµĲΡ
ҶʩչԵĿԽǿʮĳ̶ȡ

ҶüͷȻһͻȻķ֣һƬ޴ĺ֮УһϤǿ˼µһĿ³
ռڲ
͡
ռ֮ܿƵĿʼ಻ϣ쵽ǧٵĵز
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ʲôϢѵ˵
Ҷ졢èߵ۾ʼ
һǱȻب֮Уⲻһıﰡ
ϴŷɫبΪ˶Է̲֣ⱦ֮ɼһߵǿ󰡡
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ﻺĺȵ
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ˡ
ռޱߵŤתһöԴСٵĴبĺ֮зɳ·ܾСһ㣬ٵӴ˳
ռƬ
Ҷ졢èľߵϴſϲɫ
꣬ץסռƬѾͨ飬ϵıǵʧȥһεĻԵͺڵɡ
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մ󣡡
ͳ֣ΧبѸٵһ
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׵ɽʯŷˮתɽ񡭡
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ͬǱȵβ͵Ұèһ㣬ļ
ռ򣡡
ҶһεĴ֮дﵽ׵ķΧչʱΧһпʼɢ
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ҶһȭԼǰب漴̤ǰȥ
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һ֮Уһö޴ѾҶǿеץС
һöռƬӰʵ̫ľ޴ˡ
ܹĻԼ򽫻ȫĴɣʱɰٱ
򡭡죬ˮţ


1224 ɣ
Ҷ첻ϵĴԼİӡȭ
ȭȭӡ죡죡ѵأ
ʱƣҶѾ˳ÿһУÿһʽݻΪԴָǱŷǰδе֮С
ˮĳ֣쵽˼¡
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ǿռƬϵزƺҪеƣˮⰵױ
·ǻɽ緢
ҶĿռ򣬻һöռƬſռ
͡
ռ֮ٴεݻ·濪ʼʡ
ռ֮֮ƿصĿռҶõ֮󣬸Ǵǿĳ̶ȣȻ˵Ҷڶڿռ֮ûдﵽһߵĳ̶ȣȴҲ㹻ﵽһ˵ӵĵز
ռƬ
ʱƺǸоҶһǵĽɫϿʼ΢ڸоҶͿռ֮ĴڣԵһԼϤĲҲһ̶ϣ˷
ڿռ֮Уǿռ֮УÿŻ֮
̲޵̲һ˿ռķ
һ޵õĻǾԻһµ飬һͷųеյĻԷһǿߣ˷ǿߡ
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Ҷĺ
ʱ˫ʩչʼΧУռǳ˪
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ſռ䷢˽ǿռƬҶǿе˹
ռƬȻȥֻԴСǱϾǿյһ֣һֵǿյ־ϣҲ˳Ҷ
һֺεȾ˵ЧҿҶ˵ĺܣһεب֮УҲﵽһ˵ĳ̶ȣ˵Ҷ컹ǿеĽ·һɽĿռƬǿеӶ˹
âɣĿռ䷢˿µĺ֮
ռƬǺεȵȻ̲ص־ڱҶǿеˣǾҪնԿ
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ڸо˿ռĲ֮Χѹļ
ڵĵһöռƬˣû뵽ǿն츣֮Уһ֮һεĿռ籩Ҳû˰װ׵ĳ֡
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ڲһˣһöռƬҶȫĿԽƿġ
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û˵
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Щ֮У̲ΪʥݣһĻΪԵĿ˲һµĳ̶ȣ˻ǿеļĺãһһöռƬеҲᱻյģʱ򣬿໥Ľһ£˵ûвСջ񣡡
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Ҷ΢΢ĵ˵ͷ
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ߡҵĵϣ˵ţ
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ϵϵӡѹҶǿѪӿǿռƬǻڷȴ޷ĵֿסҶĴ˴νһδεĽڵһ￪ʼС
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Ҷһ̸о磬оյĺоǿ֮еӡǸһ㣬ʼҶԺ֮Ʋϡ
ЩֱڿռƬϵ֡
ȻҶѾǿеļ¼ǵ뵽Ҷ֮ҶȴһǿҵС
Ȼ㹻˲ƥȴҶоһͨ쳹صڡ
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׷֮У˲ɢȻһ̴ﵽǧ׵ķΧˮҲԽݻΪʵʰ̬
ޱߵƿظгҶС
գ
بǿеѹУҶڴԼҪΪǿ
Ű˲ͼʱѾ߰˳ɵبʣµبɵӴ
һööĹ֣ΪӵϢǾʱһɴȴȻĴ䵽Ҷϣ

һȻı


1225 ս
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Ҷɫһ䣬ŭŷ
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һֱȥǱˣȴ˻ȥԼ鷳ڣһﲻԼһ˵̬Եľ
Ť֮У߲˰ĳ̶ȣ趯
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
֮γɵľ֮ƥ
ħ֣֮ޱߵĺڰʩչݺޱߣſµĴܣߵײȻһĺڶһг׵˺ѡ
ҶӰ˸ϣǿռﵽǧ׵ĳ̶ȣʩչռ֮Уˮ˿ûɬ˲Ϣ䡣
Ƶһķ籩ǴʱռƬˮĳ֣еĿռ䶼޷ֹס뿪Ͷ
˫Ѿ˴ɵľˡ
֣
΢΢һ֮ƾΧķ籩ԼϿʼݻҶϴűɫеķ籩ڽӴԼ֮У׷׵ɢûκε˺ۡ
Ҷһ֮ץȥһռץȥ
һץͬһֻԶצƥƺ֮ƺƵĴݳ
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
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Ҷۣ֮Զһеޡ
ڵǿ˼£بǴԼ֮꣬תӵ⡣
͡
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ڹٶȣֱ˷ָ
һ޶ֻٶȡ
ǽֻһһﲻѰ࣬࣡
بȻ˵˵Ī棬ȴź嫵Ϣħޡޣаܴ֮󣬵ǼȡȴЩ鷳
ٿһĸߴ֮Уž˵ϴŵɫƬ·ؼһ㣬һķıа·ɣϵаϢźӿĸо
ɫСߵ˿˿ɷԵĴ֣һԽĲһˡ
㾹Ȼ͵Ϯңôĵӣô磡
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СҿȻҵ鷳ĿռƬ͸оˣȴûˣ㾹Ȼ˷еبֻʣôˣռƬҲԭɢģռƬԼõبȻΪҵħ裬㻹һ·ûˣ
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ڱΪǿ֮ߵҲ̲סĳԵķ
֮ݺ˫Ҷ˫Ŀĳ
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ôܣֻһ֮Сľ綼ûô˵ǿᣬѵӾϵѹƣ
ħӻһѪɫ˫ĿҶ죬̲סһ̰ɫ˿˿Ĺ⻪˸
㷴ҪˣαҪ֪ô飿
Ҷ쵭˵
ٺٺ١үѾ׼ˣ
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ֻǺèָӡأĺèһͣһ𺣿ʼ֡
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ռ俪ʼͷųޱߵܡ
˸طģÿһķĶһǿϢ
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Ҷ쿴ĺϣÿһļƺŮĴϾ֮Ϊһ㣬ҲţȻʱɵ౦˳ĸı䡣
èϵÿһëƺһһ㡣
˸֮У˵Ĺ
ͨ󷨣֮УЩµ󷨣ÿһֶԲЧǿߣС
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һ̣һжѾ޷ıˣ屻һ泹׵Ľ
ľ
Ľеһ˫ĿĴ˿˿â
ҡﲻ뷨Լ֮


1226 ˫
һɿµ˲˺գȻǿеĻ˹˶ԷϣһȻŶԷа񣬵ȴҲ൱Ĺ죬·һаһ㣬̲סһǿҵ
Ҷüͷ΢΢ü֮ۺȻĴ򿪡
죡
һ⻪Էظ޷ӣ˲䱻Ҷ춴쵽ˡ
һöŹֵӡǳ˶Էü֮䣬һöаӡǣаϡ
һֹϵԼΪµԼԼһˣҿԸԼһʵԵĲ򵥰
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ĽӶԷﴫ
Ҷȴ˿û⣬֮ϵѹ˲ѹס˶Էħꡣ
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1227 ҵӵŮˣҲ
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ŮӵƲȻĽСȴųȻϢģĺܣȥʵޱˣһΧ˵֮УԿĳ
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һΣԣǼһԵΪºģʼԴƺǴȥһһҲº֮УҲû˽⵽Ѱʲô
ʱºٵĵӶҶû˿ĵ⣬һǿߣǾĴڣд޾ĵλʵţƶ֮УǿĺܣҶǰ㲻ʲôȻ֪Ҷ첻Ҫƭǡ
ººʲôֵҪʼԴڴı
˵ɫı仯˳ʼԴûǾʹʱĶٴεĳֵģҶ춼ʱıǵģϾҶ챾ҲԼ顣
ºĵһιڴºʱƺ˵һء
һλ˻Ŀ˵
һλºһλϣȻ俴ȥֻӣʵȴѾϵĺˡ
أѵ˵˵ǵһιһλǿǰ𣿡
Եģ¶˻ӡ
ǵģĵһεĹͻȻǿʵⶼһλǿǰġ
ˡ
º»ĵ˵ͷ漴ĿҶ˵
˵ºνصĻƺֻһˡ


1230 ɵС
ѵ˵Ǽ䱦
һλϵɫ΢΢һ仯ڿҶ֮жʼЩ䱸
˵һ֮ĻҲֻһˡ
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ɣһǹеҲҪÿŻῪһΣǱ˷ֵĻƱػĪֻģ
һλŮϵ̲סĽеڿҶ֮УԵĴ˿˿Ľ䱸֮ɫԵǶҶĲΣ
Ҷüͷ΢漴ĳº¿ȥ
ڶΰļ֮УǵóһѶϢʮ֮ԻȫΪѰһžѧġ
ֻǲ˵ѣñᣬĻǱ˸ˡ
ڿ֮УԵĴ˿˿Ľ䱸֮ɫ
ߡ
һ֮Ҷڵ̲סĽ¶˿˿ŭ⡣
ҶĳֻԼϲŮӵģ飬Ҷĳ˵û˿Ĺϵ
ҿδذɣ
ͻأһϵ˳
֣ȻɢһаϢɢγɵ·ݻΪһֲ£˸ޱϢȻԴصĸı䣬һֲµĲȻһһ㣬סҶ챾ˡ
̫ϳϣɣ
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ߡ
ŭһȻ漴
ֻһλݲϵӾȻ֮ϡ
𣬲Ĵﵽһ˵ĳ̶ȣ
ϴبŵϢ·һϵĻʯһ㡣
һ˫Ŀǵ˼£·ǺˮɳһĻǡ
˫Ŀ֮䣬ȴƥĹâ¶âԻһµ˺գ
̫ž𣿡
ҶЦ
һһλϵӣȻȴĸоԷһ̫žΪ
ʵҶǰ㲻ʲô
ʦ𡭡
̲סһ䣬Ƕº½Ϲ˵Ǻ;ȵɫȻû뵽ԭǶ˵Ҷ죬ȴҪ
ָӵת䣬ϻޱȣǵ뷨޷ȥ˼̫ġ
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ʦǵĶ˰ºĴˣǺӵʦ𡭡
̲סٴ
£
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ϸϸĿȥߵļȻ𣬵ȴԵĿڶԷļ棬һӨӨĹ⻪Եĳ־ѧ֮Ųǿ档

Ҷ첻ÿɷĵ˵ͷ
һεºϮҲϷΣϷһֱڱչأһεĵĺգΪºķˣټ㡭ĳ֣Ҳºܴġ
ħ˵ǿ˿ĿимӣǶԷԵİһεĵ˽ʼؽԼºķϣ˿ûжҶĳֵ֣Ķôĸм
ҶЦʼøƵ
𣿼Ȼ˵ĻǾʹ˱ɡ
ҶʵǶû˿ĺøУֱӵ˵
뿪
ħɫݺݵһ䣬һԻǵ˫ĿȻı˿˿µĹâ·С̫һ˸
εĽ̫ĹˣǸûеõ˿ѶϢղŻ˶ԷΪºһģ໥ĽһȻϷЩˡ˵õĻͼΣ
Ȼ̬ϣȴ˿ûӣǣһֿµв֮ƺֻҪҶһش𲻺ãħʹ֡
Ǵ𣿣
Ҷ̲סЦĿ˵
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ߣ£ѵҲϷ򲻳ɣϷݣʦѲϷ򲻳ɣº߱ħȻǣֶοɲΪϷҲΪº룬Ϊ߱ħ룬飬û˿ĹϵºȻҲΪϴˢԩ
㻰˵˹ûʣʵҶʶһ޳ܣ´˲ֻǴ㽫Լôļˡ
ҵĶ𣿡
ҶٴεĿħ˫ɺ˸ϣ¶˲мĹâ
֮ǿߣȻµ˼£ƶ֮УҲǽеôˣǣºҲ˵ļ򵥣صԶԿģǵҷĻϷ򲻽⽵ħɷѹ㣡
Ҷ˫𣬵ȴħɷֿʼ˲١
ħɷɲǼ򵥵󷨣һŹ̲ħɷ֮һʼʩչĻԵĿһλ֮ɵǿ߶У
ħЦ
Ҷüͷ
ϵı𽥵Ŀʼñ
ƺǴ㵥ôļ򵥰ɡ
ħȻֱ˵Ϣʵ˶ĵĺܣ
аħѧϷȰ㻹ǽĺãϾѧ̫аȻ˵ڵʵףչ˵Ĳħǲ罻Ͳ󣬳ΪºˣҲʧΪһ̸
Ŀڵı¶˳
Ҷ˫Ŀɺ˸ϡ
ҪˣǾħôҪģ״εļ
ǿ׼벻ﲻɣ
ħҶЦ˵ѩף˸ɭɭϢ
߱ħϷɣôĵӣħͼаħļƲߣºϷѾû˵ˣȴ˵Ĳ֪ôϷѹĺãҿ
䡭
⻰ûеȵһ֮УҶӰȴһŵĳ˶Էǰֱӵһȭħǰ
Ȼ̲صֻʩչϵıܶѣϵĿֲȴɲħȥֿģ
Ҫ˵ħǴǿߣҺҶԿ
ۡ
һѪ˳
ħ޷ŵĿҶ죬ϵıȫĴžһ˫ĿҲ̲סĿʼԹĹ⻪
С㾹Ȼң͵Ϯңа֮Ҫѹ㣬ȫѹ㣡
֮ϣķ˸ԭ֮ϵĲ³ѸٵĳٵĻûķģЩĿʼƣһɿµɣ
Ҫڣ㾹ȻҵϷа֮ϷԵҪѹ㣡
ħϷŤ
Ҷ΢΢Ŀһº£¶ЦЦɫ˵
ºԵֶΰڵˣûԿǶˣȴ˵Ĵڰ
ºµϴɫ߳ܵ飬ʵЩΣħȴ޷ֹ
ǣҶĳҪʶһ£νħɷ󣬵кεȵͨ
һԻĿ¶˱ĺâϡ


1231 
߱ħаħͷɱ޹֮գϷʹŻʱ򣬷ϵȻ󽻸
ħϴ񶾵ı飬ĺ
ˡ
ռ䴫Ĳơ
Щƣÿһ·ǻһ㣬ŶԷʩչȻԲ˵ɷ
䡭
ѣ޴ħʱĳҶΧγص̬
˸һۼΪԲ³ɿ
޴ħÿһɷˣȻ˫Ŀرţȴ޷ڸסϵĲɱǣԷԶӶʼ̲סĳź浹
ɫ죬ȻаϢĲǿȥֿġ
ʦ˼
º£ȻҲȥֵĺҶ콻
ߣ£˵аħǲѹĻ֮˵ֻССͣǿΪǷγɳȥĻºƶһµ飬ڣòеնɱ
ħĻ˵ĹûʣҶȴĿһ˫Ŀ֮ŵаĲǶѻ޵ռк̰֮ĲŻγɵĹâ
ħȷʵǶҶմȾ֮ģҶᣬϴδ߱ħ֮ڴһ֮ССͣȴѾĹǿΪ֮
ҶȻ˵ʵǿᣬȴоԼħɷԵĿѹסǵºľ޴ǹϵ󷨣ڻûеɣȴҲǳ˿ȥֿģ֮ǿ߽֮ҲԱǿеѹס
ʮûҶ֣ȴҲȥֵôġ
ʼԴȻǿ󣬵ǱϾֻһϵĴ˵ˣһֻҪǵõСӵеǿѧҿԶԿӿµĽѵģСӣ־͹Լһˣֻˡ
ͷת˲ӿʧ
ҶεȵĴϻۣȻһ۱㿴˶Է뷨Ϸһ˿ĮЦݣ
ߣǲɫΪһˡ
Ҷղŵĳ֣ûȡȴû뵽һﾹȻ˵Ĵ󵨰죬˿ûнղŵϡ
ħɷȻǿ󣬵ȴĲħɷ󣬿žħ𣬶һΪ΢ĳ̶ȣĲɱ
ԭǾȣڣȴûˡ
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ĽеȴûĽǱºǿеĿס壺
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λתѹס
Ӷ˵ڳһĴڣĵ˵תЩϹÿһλɶӣȻ֪һǳɹˣºԵĿԳɾ͸ߵĲΣʱĻǻõĺô
֮»̬֮չֳϵĴħϣÿһε붼ħӵʢ֣󣬺ƺƵ棬ǿʼ任Ϊ̬
䡭
ҶԴ棬ռݣǿʼ仯Ϊյӡ
׵˸ϣĿʼγޱĳӣѹƣֻĻӶߵĽƥ
ֻƣÿһСɽСע»֮ԺʼøͣҶ춼Ըо֮ϵѹǺεȵľˡ
ħɷĿ֮ڿСҶʱҲˣ˵ʮһ˽ĻħɷʩչǼѣȴҲǿԽһ󲿷ֵġ
ҵȥѹһˣеᷢһϣ˵嶼ᱻ
ߡССĲħɷȻҲҪѹң
Ҷ¶һĨмЦݡ
͡
һǹ֣
ѩǹû˫Ļ׵ҫʷʫעУ
͡
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ѹסаħıУҸоޱߵ
ħĺȵ
˵ɫһ䣬û뵽Ҷ쾹Ȼûзʱȫȥƿħɷ
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ССħҲҵǰţǱ֮Թ֮ڣǽֻأ
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𡭡
һħƱǿе˺ѡ
ÿһħ֮ǰв֮ĵĿǿߣԹ˵ļһҪѰҵĻԺףҪѰҵԹ֮ȴѡ
ҲǺķεºһѪŽѰġ
ע»֮Դﵽ˵ĳ̶ȡ
Ҫ˵ϵĴ֮תȫ˿˿ĺۼ
ҶһУȻȫĶ˶Էһֻƣеˣ̲סĸоһɺз
Ⱥˣڼڣȴ˵Ķ𱨣ҿҲú˼һʱˡ
ҶЦ˵
˵ƸӵĿ񱩣ɱ⶯죬˾
¡¡
ǹ𣬽µİ֮ʼעȫĸ˵ٶȿĲ˼飬ںѩǹѾע˶ʮӳ֡

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ſֲһħ﷢˷ŭͷĲҽҶĳǹȻֱӵĶ壬򴦵˺ѳΪ롣
һ֮УҶٴγ֡
ҹ
ǹݺᣬ˻֮䣬޲̲ħʱı֡

µı֮Уħ񳹵׵ıҶ˺ѳΪĩ
˫Ŀɺ죬ԣҶŭ
ʲôħɷ󣬸ƣƣƣ
ŭۻ裬ˣҶŭŭչ˼¡
ۡ

ߡ

λӺͳϵ˲һ֮УѪеˣĵȥɫݻƣȻһεĴƴ󣬶˵ĪӰ졣
ôܣ
ħĺ
ɫƣңϴŲŵɫԹޱȵĽе


1232 
ҲģҲģ
ħĺɫħһ˫ƻǵۣʱԹ쳣·ǰҶĲĳһ㡣
ǿݵȻֻƻȰĴЦҶݺݵػȥ
ߣ֪Ķ
Ҷ˫Ŀɱ񱩡
顭
һŲӰ˸ֱӵû뵽˶Է֮ϡ
ꡭ
һµ쳹
ʱĴ֮Уһжʼһֹƽ֮С
ۡ
һѪлŴѪ飬ħϣϣÿһĵطѪΧ
Ҷ·ǿͬ
򽣴ģ
ħڵĸо
Ҷߵȵ˼£Ҫ˵ħһǿ߶޷Կħʵ̫žѣʵ϶ԶԶСҶ죬ΪħɷĴڣͳ׵ˡ
ǾʱħȴһĲ
ٵ䣬˵ϢʼС˼¡
ͣҲ仯Ϊ˿ƤһɫʱĶԱ̬
˫Ŀǵһ˵ĳ̶ȣź
㡭㾹Ȼϵҵĵ

ºµϻʧɫλĳҲľ֮дűߡ޷šںޡԼޱߵʹ࣡
̫žǿߣɲν·ߴײˣҪپͿԵõٵġ
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ڼڣȴ𱨣мңڰԵĴҵע⣬ǵΪɵǿ۸
ϵң㽫Ϊºĵˣ㣬׷ɱģԶºĳУ
ħĽе
ǵȴɵ
ˣħǵ̫žΪҲͰˣº˻Ὣ㵱һĹţֻһ뼴ٸߣһȴҲǲܴģ
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ʱ޲ýħ˶Ҫȥ

ҶͻȻĽе
΢䡣
ȴû˿ӵĳҶ˹ȥ
Ҷ΢΢һЦ漴ΧĿռһĻ谵κεһ˶ûа취еǷʲôֻǳ˼Ӷѣһ̣ռָ
˵ٴζҶһµʶǺεȵΪ

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εȵĴϻۣȻ֪˾ڸղҶǸ޾ĺô
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𽥵ĿʼԽǿѹºµ¶ڴ֮ɫһΣºҪˣֻҪĳɳȥҶƱصĻºϵ޷նϵġ
͡
һ绮գ㲻մѸٵĳ޾ĺڰȥ
ҶɫˮһƽͣһεȻ󣬵ҲҶ˾裬Ҳһγɳ
ղڴħĵ֮ļ䣬Ҳܺõһ飬ºȷʵ򵥣ʼԴҪӦһ
˼֮УҶٵĳһȥºҶʵ˸޷ȥҶټ
һ޴Ĺ㳡
㳡֮ϴĵ
»˸һҫ̫ɢԼϵĹ⻪漴Ļˮ䵽˵֮ϡ
Щγһ̬ڷ
Ҷ΢ٵĽ
ѩɫʯ̣⻪˸ÿһĵԵøԣ·
𣿡
Ҷ쿴ϵ˵
֮Ȼͷų
漴Ŀʼ濪ʼѰ
û˿쳣
Ҷ쾪ȵ
ħļ䣬ºҲֻһطΪˣȴû˿ĸı䡣
ԵǲԾġ
ѵ˵Ҳ²˲ɣ
Ҷüͷ΢΢
͡
һ⻪ͻȻĴս
һ»֮׾˵Ч
漴ҶĿһ棬ƺǳһ˿ӨӨ֮⡣
ɣ
Ҷ˫Ŀ
һȻе»Ȼ΢ӨӨ֮ԿҶεȵУȻĿԿ
֮ۡ
΢ʱüĵ֮۴Ĵ򿪣
͡
Ĳ֮УһжʱĿʼŹ⻪ԭһпʼ׵ĸı䡭


1233 ضµŮ
Ө˸ȣޱߵĹ⻪·Ҫضһ㣬дž˵˸ϡ
»֮
Ҷ˵
Ĺ⻪ÿһ·һһ㣬ƺƵȾʼ仯ΪΪ̬ܵ
»֮
Ҳһǳ֮ҶȻؿԸоеľ̶Ѿﵽһô˵ĵز
ѩƮһ˿˿Ĺ⻪˸һɫ·Ϊµɵһ㣬һķ˸
Ĳ˼ķˣͬһλŮ֮Ůһ㣡
Ҳ裬գïɡ·֮£ƮƮ֮ѩ
ҶԺ̲֮סһŮֻУ˼ԵĲľŮӵġ
ҶŮǰλŮȴԵƽŮ㲻ΪƯֳӰȴԵһλ
ؼʼйʵĸӿֲ
䡭
һ죬Ȼ˾Ĵ󲨶
ġþ˵ֶΰöôǿֶΣ
˳
Ҷ漴֮۴ſ
ֻ֮ϣһֲ¾ȻʼݻΪԲµ̬Ϊ»֮ʼһ֮ϣƵķģЩģÿһſµɬ£ʵľ˵˼¡
һʲôˣ
Ҷüͷ΢΢һֶΣɲԼȥʩչģҶ˫ĿٴεĳŮӿ˹ȥ
ʱλŮӣڱԭƺǿʼӵ
һӡ
֮ͻȻĿŮӵıԴ
ת֮УŮӵ촽΢΢ĶƺǿҶ֮ԵԴȣһҲʼһĨȵɫŮӾȻ¶˵̬Ҷ̲סĿʼһֵļ˷ܡ
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һ˿ɱ⿪ʼȻĳŮӵ֮С
á
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ۡ
ҶϵĹ⻪һ˸ĿռȻ˲֮УǿеĴˡ
һƮƮĴ˹
ǶԷ֣ѩɫִ˿˿ӨӨ֮⣬ʯȻ֪ǰŮʵֻһǿµӡҶȴƺɿᵽԷϴ㡣
ͷ·ʢҶнסЩԳ
á
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ǿ˫Ҷȴϲޱȡ
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ҲˣҶܵ˾ѧϵƣȻ˵ʵ;϶ħħ̫̫ˣȴҲûлǾѧݻߵĲΣֻǵڡ
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Ůӵﻺ˵һ̣꣬ȴʧ֮С


1237 
ˣһΣѾ׵ĵŮ˰
̲סĿЦ
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Ȼ֮Ϊ۹ȻǾͳεĴڡ
ĶһֵȼϸĻ֡
̩֮Ķڲһλͷɢ˻س
ɢһϢǶȴ˸оеϢ
һİɫĳƾɵĺܣµЬӸ鵽˼£ǻһֻϵЬѾͲ֪ʲôط
ǳԹһֻ£ȴѰ޷ӨӨ⻪·һɼ
Ҷ˫ĿŻǵӣͷ·һѰؤһ㣬˿ûΧһ˺
֮󣬶ָоӡ
Ҷͷ·һ֮ûκεϢֻǾ·ϡ
ʮʱ䣡
ʮʱ䣬ҶĽŲδͣЪһΣӰţͣٵ֮£ȴʮյʱ֮Уߵ·̳۹ķΧ
𣿡
һŭ
ֻһλŻڳһλˮС̷
һƬǽ壬ٸŻ֮˵ġ
ˣˣˡҰɡ
ˮ֮ˣһλʮӣƽĺܣ൱Ĵӡ
쵰ҪӳȻҪǮ
Ҷüͷ΢΢һﳤһȥ
ΣǰĻһỳɣڵȴһеϲŭ֣һˣȥЩġ


1238 
軹ģӡ
֮˲֮Уеǣͻĳ̯ӳȥ
ˮһأΧȻֵˣȴûκεһˣѡ֣Ż֮˵ϴЦͲмȻǶ飬Եȥ

Ҷ̾Ϣһ
漴ĿһС
䣡
䣡
Ҷ컻ĴһƿĵһҾƣʵľˮȴ·Ҷ˫ĿʼøӵĻ
ˣˡ
һһĮЦ
ֺõӣ˿ûн˵ϣһֲм˵
ߣһ΢ļˣȻҲҺ̸Ķ֮УҲûʸ̸һ
ӵﲻмߵ
Ҷ˫Ŀ΢΢
һǿĺܣڵҶ죬ȴȥܵģһж飬һеһж·ˮ£лĴڣҶı֡
ǲѡֵġ
͡
һȻĴһа׵ĳ̶ȣƺƵĳ֣˲佫һ
䣬Բ׵ķΧʼһɿµĺѣݺ۳ң˲֮Уԭڵɫ֮ɫٴεĹѳΪƬ
͡
ٴεĶȻסǸӡ
˵ɫ䣬ĺ
֮Ǳ֮
ߡ̩֮Ĺ֮УȻ˵ķȥɣ
͡
ȻŤתԷԴҲ˵Ӧ飡
͡
Ҷǰһ֣ӰҲ漴֮и
̫žǿ𣿡
Ҷ˫Ŀ΢΢漴ٴοӰЦ˵
ӰҲ˿ȥģȴԿĺӰһǰһǰһλŮӣһۣ֮ҶĲеҪʵﵽ˲𾳵ΪһλߣһĻɫۣʵﵽ̫žΪ
սĹ棬ܹΪǺĺܣҶ߹ôĵ۹ǵһεļ
ֻ֣Ǵɱ¾ĥѵġ
ǻһ˿ϢӣҶﻺ˵
˱Ź֮ȻѾʼ𽥵ɢǶҶ˵ȴǺ׺ɣԸ㶨ġ
ָָᵯһɫĳ绮գڳ˸޷ʱ̣뵽ӵ֮С
һֵǵ֮һ֮İ֮£̯忪ʼ𽥵Ļָ
ž
µ߲΢΢һҶٴεɢ
ҹ
ɵ֮ϣҶͬҹһ
ɫҹĻ˴أ֮ϣǳȴ·ǸоߵϢһ㣬ĽԼǳ֮ʼɢ漴ı仯ޱߵ
Ҷ߱ħϵתǳ֮ϵĴԼǳ֮بʱڵ֮ʱѡΪǿĴһ
Ϊǳ֮ǿ죬Ļ˿ȥġ
ҶĽ̤ƾɲĴ磬ǳ׵ϢȴҲ˿ȥʱӵԡ
Ʒİζӵкô
ۡ
һǿҵĿʼҹɫ֮С
Ҷüͷ΢΢չϴЦ⣬Ľ
һӤĿһµٴεĳ䡣
Ӱ˸ܿģҶ㽵һȥͨĽǰǿǴдġ
һλλӰǰ֡
ϲϲ
һλϸ˵̲סĽе
Ϸˣǹһοк˰ǸСӰ
һλӵϴû˿ʵЦݣף˵
ǰǰһΣǹҿνǺ
˷׷׵Լף
Ϸ˵ϴЦݣ
⻹˸λףĶͣҹ㣬һοǲĶͰ

˹ĴЦ͵ϢҶ춼̲סĿʼݡ
һǵء
һ̲ס˵
Ȼ˵ıҶˡ
߱ǿ͡
ϸ˵Ц˵漴ķԸ˼֮󣬺ܿһλӱż˳
ڵİӣȻǸոõġ
ɣһմմϲ
ϸһѽҶ˵
ҶмЦЦ
ûʵĴܾûˡ
漴ҧһڰӣȻζͨȴҶͬ˼ζĺݺݵس
Ϊ֮۷壬ܿҪͻƵ˴ǿߣʲô˼ζûгԹǾļӣȴҶԵĺ㡣
ۡ
һ֮ܿһĵĶ˵
ӣһӣǹкˡ
ϸȻӵĸףʱҲһĿ֮ɫ
ǰڱӻ챣Ӱ㸸֮Ҳ԰Ϣˡ
ϸ˱סӤϾǿ֮ɫ
ۡ
ٴεĴӤ﷢
ĺܰ˵ãСԺԳΪһλ˲ء
ǰĺܰ
ٴε˵
Ӥĸϲɫ˵
λｫһ£չĳһúõдҡ
ʱ벻ͻȻĳˣֻӤ徹ȻһĲ˺ɫĹâȻ΢ȴſµ¶ȡ
ۡ
һεĿԵĿʼһʹ̬
ôˣô˰
̲סĽϸ˸ǿʼ¡

Ҷüͷ΢΢һ
Ȼ֮壬һֲƣѵһȻ;֮塢֮塢ȵ٣ȴҲԵټ֮˵ڿҲƽ֮˰
Ҷ쿴еİӣٴεĽ漴ƮȻ߶˵ǰ
ϸһʹӣҶЦ˵
ӵζ
һʱе̲ס¶һĨŭ⣬Ǵӵĺܣ»˵ĻͿʼ
Ҷȴ΢΢ϲ˼֮󣬲Ц˵
һݶ飬Ҷĳˣֻû뵽Ȼôͻǰ
˵ģһѽǿӤԼС
㡭
ҶĶܿ죬û뵽Ҷ쾹Ȼߺӡ
ڶԷǾ㵵֮УҶ漴Ӥһɫ֮ʱĶС
Ȼҵһ֮СһԺòƻĻΪһλ˲ļһﰡ
ҶЦ˵漴ٴεƮȻȥ
ӡˣ
˵ɫһĸı䡣
һλޣһһλǿް
ʱεĲ²ⲻҶݡ
ҿû˵ŭԷ
е˷׷׵Ŀʼ۲ϡ

Ҷ˫Ŀ˸ƺǲһĲ
뼺ƣԭ˰ҶˣҵǴһе֣޲©һֽܵϵ
üͷҶԺ˸Ĳ漴ݻһĹ֡ս
սһУҵ֮·Ҫģ
ڵҶ쿪ʼһȫµĸо
䡭
ϵƳ𣬺ǳ
ʱһǿҵȴ˳


1239 ɫƬ
ҹĻУҶǳ֮֮㹻ַԲķΧ򶷵ȻҲע⡣
Ҷİ̬֮󣬶ԼΪƿؿʼø֮𽥵Ŀʼݻһӵֿ֣ȥһ׭ս֡
γһϵ֣ҪԵģܻ֮ܿ˳ɳΪһֱ֮ơֵȵȶҪµĴڡ
Ҫʱϲϵȥ۵ġ
ҶӰ˸ϣܿģǰһƬСĺ
һƬ̩֮һȽҪĺ֮һʱһкΧˡ
硢ͻûĻ󲻶ϵţ漴ͷųĹâ⺣֮һɾĲˡ
ǱӴ
һˣҶüͷ΢΢
Χ֮ˣһһŮҶҲϵˡ
ߣǵֵı֮ǸߣϵĿʼ֡
һк˴ԼʮˣÿһλʵǲеһλĳֶԴһľ޴ֲıҲ漴̲סĺ
ߵʵﵽ̫žΪȻ̩֮Χļ۹˵ԵһǿߣǿߣԺĺܡ
һкˣȴλ̫žǿߣھϱ߻Ҫǿ
ֵҲֻһλ̫ž˰ˣʣµЦϵĿţƺǴһè׽Цݡ
ǰһУԷžԵġ
Ȼ𣿡
Ҷ΢΢һЦ
ǸղŵĻҶ϶ĲֵģΪһ˵ȴһУȥ򣬵ȴһˣһֱģϸ˸һƾ٣ˡ򡯣ӳ֮Ҷˣһ֡໥ѭ໥Ľϵ
Ҷвһ޴ġս֣ȫɱˣһ֣εĸı䣬޷ҡ˵Ϊ֮Ůӣ˳ֵ뷨ˡ
ССһ۹Ȼ̫žޣΪҲֻˣĲǵĶ֣ǣ
ǳֵĺ̫ǿߣЦźȵ
һ޴Ȼĳ֣ͣȻ쵽׵ĳ̶ȣ޴пޱȣĳֹȥˣһдȥĺѸ٣ߵķӦʱ䶼ֱӵĻ
ɣ
ʣµļλ𾳵ĺǿĳű֮ȥ·һ㣬趯ת˲еıѾԷУÿһԴһСɽϮȥԵĿԽ֮峹׵ѹס
֮ȥֻһλʮ߰Ůӣòףܹﵽ𾳵ΪԵĺǺ˵ĳ֣֮ȻԵһ䣬ȴûңǿеĲóԼϵٴεĻ
˪֮󣡣
ֽ֮ӡٵĳΧƶıһ޴Ļ֮չֳ֮ҵתΧʼγһϣȻǴ㽫䳹׵ػ
ڱ֮ĽΧҲ漴Ŀʼչֳµı⣡
ķ˸Щÿһϸϸıɣž캧صĲ
˪֮󣿡
Ҷüͷ΢΢һʱȻ˵˽̫࣬Ƕ̩֮һЩ黹˽ģ˪֮һصľѧĵ۹Ѫ˻ѧ֮Ȼ˵˵ݿ²ֻǹôļ򵥡
һ
һڳȻ趯
ľ˲佫һλͬǿնϳΪΡ
Ȼ̶ȣһСѾͷ
վһλ̫žǿеһλϴ˿˿ĺЦϡ
ϡ
ľǱ˪֮棬˿ֲײ
ССı˪֮󣬻ΪҴ𣿡
ǿ߼ЦһȻİȥ˲֮УٵĽӶ
䡭
ۡ
֮һѪһöӵɫӶԷϷ
ıɣ
ӵЦ
ҡ
ߵɫ䣬漴˫ֻǵصӰŶԷȥǿ̬ȫĲҪǶֱҪǿܶ࣬ȴ޷ڶʱ֮ڸ㶨
ߣ
һλ̫žǿһһӿһµˮָչƿˮٵ۳Ϊһֻ̰ݺݵ˺ҧȥ
ʦ
֮Ľе
͡
һǿҵƿ֡
˶û뵽£ΧƵļλ˷·ϴſµըҩһ㣬ıѡ
Ѫ죡
ž
΢ɫĽȻ˶ԷС
˭
λ̫žǿɫ䣬漴˿
ߺͱ֮Ҳ໥վһ𣬽䱸Ŀǰˡ
ҶĴʵЩ죬һĳƾɲ泾ͺɫ͹ԣͷɢһֻЬӶûԵϬ
Ҷû˵ֻǾĿеһöɫĽ
һ𾪣
ô


1240 ħϿ
ôĵӣʲôˣȻҹǵ飬ĶϵĹĻ֮أ
һλ̫žǿߴĺȵлưһѹ
ŶԷϵĿ񱩣⺣涼ʼþұ
ôأ
ҶĽе
һöɫĽΪһΡ
ħϿ֮Уʥ˺ѹһֻõһ֮֮һöɫĽ
ʵغǰһ֮ǽӽȴԵĲҲˣôʱ֮Ҷ춼ûо͸Է
ڣڿһöɫĽƬ֮ҶȻˣһģҺһĻԵĿŲ˼鷢
Ǳı֮أֹɵӰӣ²ûдĻɫĽӦñеһˡ
뵽Щ֮Ҷ̲סĿʼһǿҵڴС
ϸϸĸһöɫĽƬҶ췢֣طģЩصķһε֣ҶȴûκιЩֵļء
쵰㾹Ȼң
̫žǿŭĺȵ
˵䣬һ·Ƕʳ㣬̤ǧ׵ľ벻գʱ䣬˲ı㵽С
Сģһλ̫žǿߣ
̲֮סĽе
ȻҶӣǱ֮Ů˵ֱȴԸоҶ䲻󣬶ΪؼǣԷƺǺԼûжٵĵжԿܡ
Ļû£Ҷǰ̫žǿѾһȭȥҶԴȥ
䡭
ҵĦһ˵ĺˣһȭĦ˵ľˣǴϣеöôĿֲѾǳ󵽵ˡ
֪Ķ
ҶԴȻ̧һ˫ĿӨ̬ͬ˸ҹ֮б˿µâ
á˿
ߵһλ̫žǿȵķ˲Ծ
ǴʱλǿѾͼڣʼƿء
ָᵯ
͡
һµͬǳ̵һ㣬ȻĻգ˲û뵽˶Էü֮С
ۡ
˲쳹
ӵһĽӲƿصͼٵı
䣡
̫žǿת˲䣬һжûнֱӵıɱˣ
ŵںһֻֻɵǿߣ˲ĸоԼһĽӲ
£
ʵ̫Ŀˣ
ϾȻ˿֮ˣ
̸Цֻҷ
ÿµΪİˣʵȷʵǿ󣬵ˣȴԲԵģǵĺ̨ǴǿߣʵȻȴԲǴǿߣźڰɡ
ʣµλ̫žǿ໥Ķһĺȵ
ǿ𣿡
ҶζЦһ˫Ŀ𽥵Ŀʼóԭɺ֮ɫ
Ҷ˫ߵɫһ䣬ƺԺ֮뵽һµ
ž춯ص¼ÿһ㹻Ĺһµı磬ǿ󵽣ǿߣȴҲԵûʸҶа塣
Ȼ˵ĻӮˣߡ
еһλǿ̲סĽе
Եʲô
ǵӣں£
֮Ȼ֪Ϊʲôıô죬ȴҲ²˼֡
ܹˡǣһȥվǸɱǣ
֮ʹ˵ϰ˹Уˣʱ˷Ļ֮󣬶ʱĿʼָʹҶ֡
ҶǺεȸ֮߰ˣָֻܹŵԼǰ
ߡ
һ֮Ҷָ΢΢һ

֮ǧ֮һ˵ʱĴ˱֮
ϢȴǴڣǵڣֻĳ̶ֳ˵ĻѾǷˣǻˡ
ΪҶ콫˰׳ա
ɡ
֮ĺȵеĳǧâ
ͬǷȸһ㣬ٵĲ׽סԼǴſ±ԵĽٵĽǵָΪʮΡ
Ⱥ˱ȥʵȻǿһЩĳ̶ֳϣ黹ٵĿ
֮ﻺ˵ϴ˿˿ĵ֮ɫ˵̵ȴҶüͷ΢΢һ塣
ߣŮӳ֮ΪʦǺȻģҶ쿴ĳһƺ֮հ
𣿡
Ҷİ֮󣬶ľﵽһǿĳ̶ȣ̬֮ȺΪǵ뷨Ȼ񣬵ȴûҶŭ
ֻ΢΢ü֮󣬱ٴεоԼеһöɫĽƬ
Ƭȥص֮⣬ŸصĻƣЩƵ̵ĺǾھôõʱ֮Ҷ컹״μġ
ֻ۵ĸоҶ뵽˹
ô
Ҷʵ
ӦòǹΪҸо˿󷨲
ȷĻش
ͷɵĳֹϵҪȥħϿһΣǰĻҵΪĵԼǷԽУϾħϿȿһζҪķѴʱ䣬ڵʵǿеƿˡ
뵽Щ֮Ҷ̲סһֳ嶯
Ҫ̵ı뵽С
лĳǶҵ˽֮
֮ЦŶҶ˵
֮ƺǴһĲ
˲ĴǸ߸ϵŮ仯ΪһȻ˫
Ϣƣǡ˽֣˵ĸأ
ƺ˵ʲô
ҶüͷٴεһŮˣĺܡ
£Ӧòһˣڵ˵ӦͲǳڹߴ֮У֪ܲǵݣֻ֮۹Ĺʥ֮һŵĵӡ
Ҷ˫Ŀ΢΢Ŀһۡ
ƺǷҶı仯ߵٴε¶˵ɫ
Ӧ֪ĸֵĺɣ
Ҷ̲סһ
ڣǴڵˣ
ĸ֣Ҷ쵹ǲİĻߺԪĳϵΪǵΪڣǴһλĵġ
ڵҶ컹û뵽羹ȻôС
ǰڣ֪֣ȻģԼڵĵطҲСطȴɵûа취ǵĴڶԿ˵ϵõ֮ǻѣ˴ڣǱĵ֪ĻļҲſֲֻ
͡
һ޺
Ҷİֱӵĳ֣
ۣ
ۣ
ͷأҶȻվ
΢΢һС
ڣߣǸĻҲɱǣ
Ц֮Уɪɪ
Ҷɱ¾µʶӵĲŵһ˿в
ħϿȣøϽĻȥһΣ
Ҷ쿴֮ϵĲ£˵


1241 ͵Ϯ
һ嫵գĿռڲǿתķڷ·һץŭһ㣬³ݻ˸ԵĲ
ڰĲơɫĹ⻪
εϵеƺǽռָΪ˼֣Щеÿһֶ
Ѿ̽ˣǸʲôʱ֣
һռ֮дݡ
Լ֮䣬ǿռĲƺǿʼݻĻ壬ޱߵɱ¾ֻһɱ¾ϢȴԵ޵˼£ڶԷǰȴҲûа취ȷԷʲôʱʼ֡
ϡ
һĦݶ
ռ֮еһλٴεĳһ˿ɬĲơ
ԼɼһŤĻ档
һΣһҪ֣ϴαһΣôˣǿеĽԷĺ·ˣѾû˲Ŀܣǵļ壬ڣõǱΪϵıǿ໥Ĳ򣬶˵һĪ֮¡
ߡ鲻Ҫ˵ˣǼȻˣҪ㽫ǿܳɳѿɱ
ޣ
ͬ⡭
ڰˣĺȵ
һɾɱ֮Ŀռ֮Уδ˵ļֱӱգݵ֮⡭
ž
һ촫ҶУöɫĽĦš
öȥԵһɫ
ɵ
ҶָʶĽĦһ˲䣬һƺǻȻɵѾ͡
һС͵ķɵӡ
ƺȭͷСɫĹ⻪˸ϣϸ΢ĲƲϵĴͷų·ơ
ƺһһ㣬Ҷӡ֮УǴŵķɵźܴƶȣԵ֮Ǽ˼絶аĺۼ̵·ҲʼЩ
дһͼƺ߹ӣһ㡣
һöɫ۾ⶥ˳֣۾ȥ·
϶˵һȴһ۾ССס
С׵ĳ֣ҲʹɵЩ覴á
ҶĹעС
ˡ
һڲ
ȥһ֮УԷȴû˿
ӦȱĳĻǲӵġ
ʱҶ챳ĲٵȶӰһ翪ʼԾ
֮ߵбû˿⣬ڵõǱ֮֮󣬸˽⵽֮նɱǹ֮˵ԭ򣬾ȻֻΪԼӵǿѡ
Ӱ𣬴˿˿Ӱ˸ݻΪһ硭
ٶϾȻ֮ﵽϵĳ̶ȡ
Ҷһ˿Ц⣬˵
һ֮ҶоԼĵļ㶼ѾޱǿӲԭӣʱͷ·һ̫һ㣬һһʽ޲Բ˼¡
ٶϵתʼ仯ļԡ
߲
ĺȵ
𡭡
ħӿ֮ƶ֮УҶٶٴμӿ쵽һ˵ĳ̶ȡ
žžž
һļʼѣ漴¶ƤϸƤ
ɢһɫĹâǳڲϴҶ
͡
ٴεԾҶѾʼγһɢ
ħϿȣ
ʥս֮Ǳǿпٳһ·Ҳ𽥵ĻС
µȴһۼ
һ߳ĺۼ
ΧǿֲڷڣɫĴߺаħݻϣǸԶľ룬ҶȴɿԸодŵ־˵ѹ
ħۣ֮ħϿΪħ֮𣿡
Ҷ૵˵
һۼԴħϿȳ֮󣬱ѾӵˣҲǿ߿ٵΨһ·Ŀʼ
ڿٽ֮һħ֮۱𽥵ֱָ̣ԭ״̬ϡ
͡
һĿ
ӵѪɫУдаϢŰɫİ׹Уе֮㹻ĿɽʯźɫħУԽ
ѹִ⿪һͨҪķѵﵽһ춯صĳ̶ȣΧϵЩڵ㹻ľˡ

һ·ȴҶҪģ²⵽ı֮У϶̲Լ֪Ķ˵Ƿɵ֮лҪһƬ²ûдɵָΪ֣ڵõĲе֣ʣµǸֿ»ڱıУΪʥԵʣҶ쵹һµġ
һħ֮ۻ۵ǿֲʥսʱ䣬ӦҲħϿΪСʱڣĻǸӵĲġ
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󣬺ںɫĹ⻪ռ˴󲿷֣ͷ­аЦħ޵ŭ𡭡
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ҵΪȻĳЩҪС֮ҫ㹻Ķһֵаϵ֮ӿһڼϡԪĺ˵пӦġ
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а֮š
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ͻȻĳֲ֣ӰŻɬѶĲգȻĳҶȥҶ徹Ȼֻв׵ĵز
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1242 ֮
Ҷɫ䣬еŭ˼£ϴޱߵ
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ƺƵħֱۣʱѾʼչҰص嶼ʼֵı¶
а֮ŵĿ֮𽥵ıҶ˳ȵҶʵ뵽˴Ϊ¿ȥٻµԨħ
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ȻûиоԼǿԵǾܵļƻſʼʩչģѰʱھԵĿԸоġ

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屻ǿеѹסҶĿռεȵǿᣬȴƺҲȻҶڶݵʱڣ޷Է׵ѹ
һˣҶѾ֪˶Է
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ߣСʵȻˣҵʹõĿΪǿɱ֮
һ֣ɱĳʥ˵ı֮Уһذ֣һذƺһ֮һ㡣
̳˺ɫĺۼÿһĺۼڲаռ䶼ڲϵŤһģͷذ׵ֱ϶֣ȥޱȵĿֲа

ҶһȻķ֣Լ֮Уһɫɫͷ·Ϊаĳһ㣬ϵնԼ롣
ն֮ѡȥе
һĹ⻷˸ÿһε˸ĿһõĻڷЦݵ̬һĸоҶɣ
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Ҷɫ΢䣬֮˵ģɱһ徭²ŽһλһаıУб֮ΪԷϴһֿµԸһ˵壬ľת˲ɢΪ΢ʱڡ
Ϊаı̫ˣѰʱѶã̫ĺʹߵˡ
оԼӣҶ̲סĿʼüͷ
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һ̣ҶﵽʷΪСĳ̶ȡ


1243 ɱ
ۡ
һѪ񱩵Ҷ׻㱻ɳȥһĳ鴤ӷ·Ǳըҩһݺݵسɡ
͡
ϱҶݺݵػһ˵ĺۼ
ɡ
ʥɫ쳣ƲˣķɫĹâƿǾ޴ٴεĺɨ
ޱߵѹƿʼһͣʵʥ֮γɵ򣬸Ӵ̲ǿĻΪӳ֣һʩչ졣
嫵УλǿҲĳ֡
⼸λǿ߽е˶ʮһеһλÿһλǿ߶һķǵڣҲǶŶʥ¼εĿֲڣǴͨΪ϶ǳصġ
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ĳ˦һݻΪ쭷磬ٵĽǰһƬɳƵĿռ䴵ɢ
¶һ޴ӣ
ӴԼдŸɺһӣ˿˿Ĵڲ©ɼղŵһǺεȵǿ
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Ŷηһ̣ɱȴȻѿһѪ⡭
ɱ桪䣡


1244 ɱ
ɱ棿ʲôʱ򱻻ɱģ
ŵϵһ̲Ѫ˵ɫʱһ䣡
ѪðɱԴиΪΣϵһ䱦һµ֮˲ˣ
µٶȣɱ汻ǿеĻɱ֮ǷѵԴ֮Уһ˫Ŀɻڴžı飬ƺ޷ԼȻһɱ

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˵ɫĸı䣬Ҷٶ̫ĺˣǾȻȫûиоԷʲôʱԼߣɱʲôʱ򱻻ɱĶûио
˵ɫ仯Ϊѿʵ֮Ϊĵ΢ȻƽǸ߸ϵʮһ𣬵ɱʵҪǿȴҶնɱݽ㣬ʵвһǿҵĵӡ
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ռƥҺѾ˴ɵľ磬Ϊ֮ҵڲʼϵƻҾԿѹסǡ
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͡
ĽȻ˺˶ԷĽػֱӵĶҹһֱֻۡ

Ĳҽʹ˴ݶ˵һĲ
˺ƺλϷ˸ı䡭


1245 ɱ֮
͡
ֱ۷裬ǳ׵ĽΪ˷ĩ
ָ
ҹϼһֲŤֱ۱ǿеķϵʹ࣬κεһ˶ܣʣµһֻұۻϵǹһ㣬ֱʩչ˲ָ֮ûʳָָϲһ𣬻ָǿе˺һ·⽣ָϿʼӳ֣ĳһӰȥ
ָҹһžѧʩչ֮УԽԼȫΪתΪһָĴȥƥ
ҶǰʱҹƺǱ仯ΪһΣĶͷų˺ѵĲֹȥ
ߡ
һ߲̤㡣
ҶĶ桢ħЫӡԼߵĽȻʩչߵĶ֣޴ޱȵİݺݵسҹĿָɱȥ
ʱһ̣Χһпռ䶼ʼγ֣
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ҹŤ˼£ϵĹĿڼʣޱȵļʣҶƾʲôôõ
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Ҷ߲ٴεĶ漴ɢ֮С
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һǧ׵ָ·һ㣬˺ѵݺݵؽѹƵ˷飬Բǧ׵ĵرٴε½ס

ҹﲻϵĴϢŴ
ϵĽ۲Ѿʼˮʪˣղŵֳ񾭱˼£ΪߵĽţԼһξԵֲôġ
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˵
˵ǿԣСϵ䱦ȷʵ٣Ƚ׵ȻȥϷϵһУɱȻˣǶ˵δزһ£ϾСӵʵΪС־Եܲ˵ģˡ
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Ҷ̲סһϴ˿˿Ĳ԰ס
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ҵԭƣȴǴһֲͬĵطҿǿеѹӡסԷȴҲʱģҪԼ취
ԭĴݳɵı̹ǣǶڵҶ˵ȴɰķ·һֻģ
˵ԭ֪ԼʱѾԺһεĻ֪᲻һƽѾ
Ƿӡ
ߵȻĳ֣߿΢С̲صȴµĺܣʩչҶоԼĿռ̲סһɬ
ߵߵĸܿ죬ҶڵǹаʼѸٵɢҶҲ𽥵Ļָԭ˳

΢΢³һڳҶϴ˿˿֮ɫһµĺۼľʼɱС
ܿ죬ĲҶϵ˺ۣȻĻָ˹
ˡŰɣ
Զڽ䱸ˣҶѿһĻߣ˿˿ĺⲻϵͷų
ĬĬĽɱ꿪ʼ
ɱȻˣɱ˾ͰɱȴҶо˴δйֳʵ
·һ麣һ㣬ϵļȡеľںϽԼС
ɱľʵ̫ķḻˣɱ¾ֶζҶҶΪԼڼȡˡɱ֮ء֮󣬱ԺͰɱԿڿɱɱҲһΪԷˣҶұ֤Լ˲Էģ
͡
һȵĹâ˸ٴεĳС
һŻҰ׺ͺɫâ໥ذףɱ֮
еҶ¶һĨЦݡ
Сصļ̫ǿˣԼĸоˣСƺɱһ
ħЫӻͷԼĶԲķΧȫ
ⶾǿֲȻԽʯ
͡
һ⻪Ȼ˸
ҹɫ䣬һĶ£
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һ̣ռ侲ֹˣ
ûзûıҹͫУֻذףذףһȣһ䣬·һһ߰ĳЦ̬
Ҷˣ
͡
ӣȻĴ̴ҹźԴ
㲻ѡҵģ
һҹĶ쳹
ҹɫò԰ޱȣޱȵĺڣȴѾû˺ڵĻˣ
屻ԴϵһǴ֮Ч
飡
ƽĿռȻѿһ̣ҶӰ˸漴ĺռٴεУʧߣ
ɶ񣡣
ħЫӵıһ޴ĺɫЫӻ󸡶޴βͺݺݵؽոһƬ
ǴʱҶȴû˿ټֻܹεĿ˺¶һɫ
ߵɫҲ൱ѿ
쵰Ӱȥ٣ǾȻ޷ƿȥģСΪʲô˵ǿ󣡣
ϵʼϵķԵĴŴʱеŭǺεȵľ˺Ϳֲ
͡
һìͻأĳ֣貵Ĺ⻪Ŀꡪʥˣ


1246 ʥ֮
ܣ
˫֣һϿʼչֳһɢبŵϢ̤㣬һ֮ɫдʣ˫ֲϵĽӡ漴ƿһذĳҶ۵ֿ
ϣ
һ޴ܳǰ
䡭
貹⻪ײܿȥʵȻž˵ҶĽȻһʱûн顣
֮ȭ
ֻӶɣ򣬿ʼƿһأ
ǿߣʱѾݵĿʼԼĻݻ˼£ԲķΧֳ˸ĴһɫĿռѺ۲ϵչ
Ѻħһ㣬쳣źڰزĹ󣬿ȥ˵ĺܡ
ҶӰȲѵĿʼֳȴűĹâ
롢ʥ顢Լһ޴λ˫֮еʼ춯
С֣㾹ȻҶ˵Ĳҹս֮УһѪ飬ĳ㾹ȻҶķڸһλᣬϵԼĵһԶһ棡
ҹ˫ĿűͷĲҶĺ
׳գɵػɵػɵأ
Ҷ·һĶҹ˵ǲмĿŶԷ
һʼΪһ㿪ΧңѾһѪ˼µˣôˣԵζҳԵ׻࣬û뵽Ȼ˵Ҫҷϵô£Ѳɶ˹ϲɣ˵ôʱ䣬㶼ڳʺ𣿡
ҶĲм˿Ĳ£ʵҹһĶ£Ϊһλ߸ϵҹսҲǾͶеĳ˵ۺ

ҹͶź
ǾʱҶȴоһĻȣ䣬ԼѪڷںȼһ㣬һɾ˵ѹ˳Լ忪ʼһռ䣬ռ䲻󣬵ȴž˵Ļ
á
Ҷ˫Ŀ֮˸ϣܿ㿴ü֮УһĨɫͫڳɢһ춯صĲⲨҶķ֣ʱٴμǿ
֮ͫ
ĺȵ
ȴٴεĸоһ־˵ѹǿеĻۣ
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ҶһָѾȻһһöɫĹâ˸һ£˲ʧ
ҵ֮ͫѾס㣬С֣ɣ
ĺϴŷɫϢңü֮иǵ˿˿ѪȻ֮ͫӰԼеģ˵֮ͫڻûʸȥȫƿء
䡭
һɿµѹڱһֻǷͻأ֮䣬գۣ٣Ҷ켴ţƺȴҲûϵһ㣬屻ǿеըѡ
á
ҹĺ
ϵıǽһ⣬ħЫӵıһ޴ĺɫЫӻѸٵĽԼ޴ĶβչĶ̿ٵĳһմȥ
͡
Ȼĳ֡
ֻҶ徹Ȼ仯ΪΣ̴еϰ°벿ֵ壬ʼѾȫʧˡ
Сӣ㷴³
ΪͶһĵزڿҶʱ֮ȴҲ̲ס¶˵˷ܵɫ
ڿҶ֮УʼԹ쳣
նɱʥԭһУһҶ˵ķҪܾ޾ĥʹ֮Ȼٽнʹ֮У
Թ˵ݣÿһֶó˸оԼһĲ
Ҷȴ¶˿˿ЦüĵһɫĹâЦ
棬Ϊӻһɵ𣿡
ڿռ֮ʣߵɫȴһ䣬ĺȵ
мˣ
ǵģмˣʱڷ˲ԾĵطҶ弴ǻаأҲѪ֮Ҷȴû˿Ѫڳ֣һ˿ʹıֶûУǺεȵĿӵεȵԣǸղţֻȥˣûиоⲻԾĵط

һͻȻĳ֡
ǰصʱĿʼ¶ЦͲмı顣
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һıƲһȦȦ˻ϢĲҲ漴չѸٵĽռƻһţʱֵߵɫ䡣
ۡ
׵һѪǰ棬ܵĳΪǿҡ
֮ȭ
һȭӶǻ۵ȭ̲صݺݵس˳ȥ
޾ʼȭͷֱ˿˿ƶʼ˳

˵ϵıѣһƬ
֪̫ˣ
һٴεĳ֡
ҶֳֳǹȻ˿ûй˼ɵĿʼչⲫս

Ҷ쾹ȻðԼذףóǹʼϮʢŭ֮µһȣ漴ʩչܣȻ̤㣬һֻ޴Ļݺݵ̤޾һɽ̤顣
áⲻ
ֳһɫʥ飬ѸٵĳŶԷȥ
Ĺâּӳ֣סߡ
䡭
Ҷٴεıƣ֮еĳǹǻһìһ㣬ŶԷȥ
飡
״ľŽɫĹâԽ֮Ƶʼ̣˵ֻʵʣ
ʮƼӳ֣
̹ǵٴεĸ֣
¡¡
ֲʼڣеˮһ㣬֮䱬
ħЫӡ桢Լ˵ɫ䣬ҶǹȻǸов
飡
ߵ徹ȻҶѹƵˣȫı֣ܵش
ãѹλǳаɣСӵħǿѹ
⡰С֣˵ĺǿȻǶһžѧҲһļɵκδʱѾﻢ£Ҷϵĳ֣ɱ֮ءľѧʩչ´ﵽ۷״̬ɱ±Ҷ춼ҪСĺܣοʱɱȻ䣬Ǹӵ޷κζԷ
ħЫ໥ĶһۣԵϿɣǿеĺȵ
ʥ֮
ʥ֮
ĸֵĳ֣·Ǳ֮еһ磬Ȼı
ѹһĳһϵĳΧγһתĺۼ

ΧһıըҶ΢΢һ֮оȻһ˿˿Ĺ⻪⻪˸ÿһ˿ƺʥµƼѹ̲ס
ʥ֮
֮еˣҶ૵ĵ


1247 ʥǿᣡ
ʥ֮Ҷļ֮дڹ٣һħľѧʥ֮ȴħ˵ҪǿԸıһ˵ǱӳԭҪǿǧٱٻǿĻ
оŵѹڲǿҶ˫Ŀ΢΢ϵı鿪ʼ쳣
ʥ֮Ⱥһ￴Ƕˣʥ֮Ȼûħߣһʩչ֮Ĵľʹþ½ʩչʥ֮ǣȴҪķѴıԽǸ߼ıٻʥԽǿ󣡡
ҶüͷԵʱоѹԽǿĵ涼ʼһſž޴ʯͷʼշҪĶô޴ſʩչ̶ȣ
ҵʵﵽ˴ΪȻĲẦǴͨļһڵֻǴﵽС۷ѣҵ֮ͻڼȴûиͻƵġ
뵽Щ֮Ҷ죬̲ס˫ĿɺɫʼıŷɵĹ⻪
ҪĻǾͺúõһѰɣҵҪʶһʥܹ֮ٻʲôǿڣˣҲʩչʥ֮
ҶɣʵǿĺܣȻ޷ʩչ߳ʥ֮ǹʥ֮ķʽ˽ģа֮ŵı󣬱Ǿ춯صԨڣž˵ħֻҪԸ⣬ȫĿٻǿħ
ҵĻΪ
ȼ󣡡
ȼս֮󣡡
ĺ
أһž޴ĺɫƿʼɣһƿʣȴʵԵѹҶ춼оԼĺʼЩ˲١
͡
֮еİȻĳ֡
һ춯صĽʼвϵʩչ
һ׽Ϊ߱񽣾һһʽһɱ¾ƣӲ˼İο
һ׽ҲҶɱϵõġ
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ǶҶ˵һ׽ȴԵһ˫ľѧԴһλ󽣳յ󽣳ƽýԴһ߱񽣾ƾһ׽Ҳ˵ݺ˷һܡ
˫ĿҶԺ֮Ѿ˲ƾһ׽ݻΣȻֻת˲ʱ䣬Ҷ˫Ŀһ˲䣬ȴѾֳһɿµĽ⡣
һɽһ־춯صĲ·֮䣬Ҷ˻һ޴񽣣񽣳ʣеİʼںһݻΪһɿµĹ
߱񽣾һʽɻħ죡
ϣ֮Ľ⣬Ϊʵʣһ޴ӳУݻǳ֮ͽ֮Ҳ漴Уںϣʱ⽣ø޼᲻ݣ
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ɣ
˫Ŀĺȵ˵ȴſµĽ⿪ʼǳȥ
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߱񽣾ıӲη壬Ҷ޵УȻҲ⣬ǡõ˶Է֮еζ
̡
һĹâ֮ϵĺɫȻųɫ貵Ĺ⻪յĹ⻪ӵҫۣʥ֮дźƴ󣬵Ҷȴ޵ĸоˣʥ֮дһаϢѪĲ
֮
桢ˡħЫĺȵ
һ֮Уһ޴ĻȻǿеĽǱĻʼȥ
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âٴεת𽥵ĿʼҶϤ
һֻϴűϢŮӻŮӵϴŰʥĽ£ֳΪѩɫ
ž
ֻӶൽ׵ĳȣָᵯ֮УʱһĹâʮֽ۵ӣҶǰȥ
һʮֽۣʱݻϣɢΪǧ׵ĵز֮Ȼиκͬǿ㣬û˿ɬ

ҶһϵƱŷ಻ϵľƿذȻĴһ͵Ľ
䣡
һ޴Ģƴſɲƣݿ̬Χʼɢ
ۡ
һѪٴεҶ徹ȻԷʮֽǿеı󵹷ɶȥ
͡
һĨϣĽȻﵽ˾˵ĳ̶ȣҶüͷаһĳԶ֮ϣǾ޴ġˡٴεı仯Լ
ѣ
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һر䣡
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У
УҲ߱񽣾֮УΪǿУʱҶʩչӵĽеľʩչ˳ɽλرѣԲ׵ĽӺӿµĽķΧڲϵš

һ
ʥˣ
֣·һһ㣬ϵ־
񣬳һԳΪԼҿҲֻһ˰ˣ
˵䣬ҶİѾоѧĳ˹ȥ

Ůӵŭȵ
ˡ
һȭݣâɣɫĹ⻪ҪضҪ
顭
һȭҶİһĪȻҶɫ
һδоǴʥеζ
ңЧңΪҵһԱ
һޱȴȱҶԺ棬֮ϵҫڶԷ֮УƺҪҶˮ֮С

ҶȻŭ˫Ŀɺ˸ϣüĵ֮ۿʼ򿪣
ҵ־Զҡģ
֮ɢ͵ͶԷȭĵһ
ʥȭ
ȭĴȥĴΣĴӭԭһȭ
ѹʱҶоԼǰĿʼѹһ㡣
ߡ
һ֮УҶ컢ڱѣѪʣеİƺҪסķɳС
ССϣȻʥ飬ڵϣϵģĻһὫ㳹׵ѹ
һȻϢԼĿԸıһ˵ǡ
꣬ϱǲ㰡ΪԼǿ𣿡
Ҷĺ

Ůӵһķ񣬽ɫĳ費ϣֽӡһʮ͵ĳУ
Ҫֻأ
ҲðʥҲᣡ
Էָ߸ϵ̬ڼŭҶ죬˫ץһ䱦ӡ


1248 ħٻ
һѵ䱦һ֣ʱ桢ԼħЫߵһ󾪺ϵļ⿪ʼ鴤ϣϵı϶ʼֵޱȺˡ
Ƕ£·ܵʲô̼һ㡣
ǡǰͼʩչѹ߳ԼһȼǿߣǷӵ˫˵һλΪɵǿŮ޴ģȴʧ˺þãΪʲôΪʲôСֵУ
˵૵ϵıӵĿ£˫ĿɵùԲ޲õĽҶ˰Ƥ
ķ࣬һʥʩչԽبŵȫǰͼȴԽʥĻڷϣһӱ̬ĳ̶ȡ
ˣҶеһǰͼпνڵѪʹ࣡
ȣһֻǿħ޵۾۳ĿȨȣȫǻԵǼӳϣҵһµĲεġСӣСӾȻʥˣ
Ƕʼ鴤˼£ǵɳ۾Ǵ޲õĽҶҧ
֣֮ʧ֮õĶְ֮ģģʹõĻԵĿҵĶһΪһǿİ
ݣ
ħʯħʯ
ޣ쵰ܼӣ
̫֮ģ
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һ䱦һööӵĵҩϹŵ䣬ÿһ㹻κεһ˿ʼҡǴųˣʱҲʼЩ㵣ӷǶҶϵ䱦ʼ
һ̣ɫȴʼ䣺
ģԵĲܹСӿʼʹʥ֮ĻٻѹסҵĻǻ
뷨ǺεȵĽƻȻҲڵһʱ뵽⣬ϵٵĴ
Сӣٻаħ
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ȭ

ѹѹһƬӰҶԴϿʼ֣ΧʼΧĿռ䶼ѹƵ͵ĳ̶ȣҶһǿ谭
ռ򡪡ǧݺᣡ
ҶĿռһ䶯һǧ׵ķΧ㹻쵽һ˵ĳ̶ȣһǧ׵ķΧ֮УȻ޷ȫһɱĳ̶ȣѹסǻǿԵġ
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͡
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ס˳Ů˵ｿ߳һѸٵĻһµĺۼ
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ռ쳹һĨ˵ĲһʥİɫȻڹٰٶ֮£Ҷǰʼֻһһ׳̵ʮνڳҶǰһ˲䣬ʮνȻ˺ӣס׵Ŀռ䡣
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ʥ֮˵ˣǽǿߴ𸴵ҲǸ˶Էʣ൱һµĴ֡ȻĶԷԽߣǳֵĴֶҲȻĻԽǿˡ
ʩչʥ֮Ǻĸߵʥ֮ĴٻһˡϱԿĳ
ȻҶ첻˽ٵĸ߼ʥ֮Ҷȴųûеơа֮ţ
һ޴Ż֮ԱҶԡа񡱵ĳνȫΪŻĺԨԨħҶ൱ƿһһԪħ
Ǳ
ȻֻһЩҪͨٵʥ֮ģǵҶ콫Щȫʥ֮һȻĳ֡
Щޱȣڿа֮ŵ˳ְ㣬Ѿ˵ĺ
𡭡
еħǿʼ
ЩħĵȼȻߣȴҲһǿߣҶһѡʥȻҪǿʵħ֣Ҷ첻ϵĿʼʩչһɫӰǰ
ⲻҪ㣬һʮֽ۵ĽѾˡ

Ҷ˫Ŀ΢΢漴Ķǡˡȵ
𡭡
ŭ춯أǧ֮Ʋʣ
ϣ
һֱֻ˲չһֲֿϢʼĵ˳һֱֻ۸ֱӵץסʮն
ˡĽ
Σħȴ·һõһ㡣
ƽס˽˲䣬޷ŵ֮УħƾȻݺݵ˶Էʥʮն
ͬĦᣬǾڲһֻƣȴöԷ޼᲻ݵʥʮն׵Ļɢ
Ԩħɣ
ЦһҶƿһ޴а֮ţ˵


1249 ţͷ£
ɱϢ֮дѪĲǷɱ¾޾Ѫ
Ҷ
֮д޾
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˵૵ĽеϾһӵ˼µӡ
󣬼⡰ˡɢʥâ㹻÷Բǧ׵ķΧֳΪһʥľѹ£ʼѹ˰׵ĵزֿµĺ⻹ڲϵӡ
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ǵ̫ĵͼˣڱӲһɵĵزаħٻ϶һָߵȵаħ֮ҪĻûǽԼϵıѪע뵽ϡ
ˡ֮ƺҲһ˿ɵϾѹʵ̫ĿֲˣΪˣڷӲΪǿĳ̶ȣҲȻ
Ѫʹе䱦Ȼڻ˼ҪѪ
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ӣڵĳˡ
һ޴ţͷħһѪɫĳǣ·ĳһ㣬ϵڷžѪɫ۾ſ񱩵ơ
һ޴սڼϿţϴµȴ޼ǽЩһ㡣
Сӣʩչӽгģƽľϲû뵽ھô֮󣬾ȻԳ
˵ſһӶʱǳ಻ϣڿⳤ֮ҶȴоԼһ󼱴ٵĳ鴤Ѿʵ̫Ŀ˵㡣
޾Ԫں֮ɵĺ
аȥɣ
ʥİɫŻ죬˲󣬷ҪҶţͷȫѹ
ñ뺷ǣϢ൱ĲϲСӻɣ
ţͷֵЦ˵ţǿҵĺɫͬһ㣬ϡ
ȣ
ϵľ޴Ȼĳ֡
¡¡
ɽ⣡
һħȻ˾춯صıµ֮£֮űǿеˣ

춯ص˺ʹ˴
ôܣ
ʥɫһĿ䣬ϵı仯һ࣬û뵽ţͷ־Ȼôľˡ
Сǣôˣӿʼ𣿵Ӳϲǣû¾͹ҵˣ
Ҷһĺߣһˮ׼ûʲôֵó޵ġ
飡
ţͷǾ޴Ȼ󣬻Ϊǧ׵ĳ̶ȣ޴ĸٴεľ
䣡
һ޴ĸӰ˸ɫĹâ쵽֮⣬Ȼ˲Ľ֮Уﳤȵľ޴ۼݺݵؽ涼ǿеѵˡ
͡
ҶӰ˸
˫֮ϵ˸

ذ׺ݺݵ뵽ı
ϼһʵеһ̣ǲɱĻνʳѰ
áʥ飬ǰ
˵Ľе
ʥһ仯æĿʼ֡
СƤ㻹ɣ
ţͷֵĸͷݺݵѹ
žžžž
ϵĲ쳹Ǿ޴֮žȻǿе˺ѳΪ롣
ѵĺۼ֮Уķ淢˼ٵĲȻǼӳĿ
ȭȭӡ죡
֮עУҶһȭ˵壬˶Է
Ҷ졭㲻ú
ħЫӵϴŷɫʱʥҲţͷֺݺݵץУԨħȻĻǲпᣬʵȴԲʥԱģ

ʥﴫݳ
Ҷһ˺ħЫӵĶ磬ٵ˶Է꣬ǵ֮ȴҲ̲סһ¡
ֻţͷ֣Ȼǿеķֿʥ˫ȡ
ţͷȻħţԴĵطȴƣֻ岻ϵĶ£ʥʥҲ漴ıǿеˡ
ǿ
Ҷ̲ס˵
ǵʥ飬ǲŹǵģȥɣ


1250 Աڶ
Ǿ޴ʥȻֻһκεǣһϵȫȫģоȫģʱţͷڶԷ岻ϵĶһţǲϵɢ˵ĺڰ
ţ֮иĺɫ棺
ʥ黹ǹζ뵽ǰЩʥûôߵĳ־
ԵΪʵҶĺߡ
ᱲģ
è˳
ı뺷
Ҷ̲סƲƲͣ鴤˵
ȷʵȷʵ

ϵĴʥгϳ˸µʥȻǶţͷϵԨ֮ǿҵĵִţͷֿǱסˣȴҲɵıҪǿĶࡣ
ߣˣˡ
˵䣬һԽɫ˫ĿԹĲҶ졣
ոȥģѾĿҸֲҪģȥţͷ簡
Ҷί˵
˰һΣϻ֮ЧûɨлƸء
ǶˣǺڵģⱰ΢Ԩ㲻úҪ㳹׵䣬䣡
СƤĻڴϣʱĶģǰ㻹
Ա
һݳʱʥϣʥĹâϵӿһԾ޴ʼı󣬲ҵİɫâ˳ϵ
ã
ҶһоΣյϢ
Ȼ˵ţͷָоĸ졣
Ҳӻûء
˵ѾٵһŽʥǿеѿκδʱʥȴһ˽Źһ㣬һȲϵĲ䣬ǿеĿס塣
ð
ţͷִĽе
СӣرŻŻرգӾ군ˡӾԻ˵ģ
Ҷһ漴ٻа֮ţǿеĽرա
ϣ
裬˲ĿʼǿеĽţͷֵ
ٺ٣СǹζСӣԨ֮󣬱ţҴţħţӾԵ㣡
ţͷֵа֮֮𽥵ʧ
ţħ
Ҷһĳ鴤ֻ蹷ѪǶԷʵȴҲҶ൱ϾԷĽʥϵˣһ㣬㲻Աġ
Ԩ𣿡
Ԩ֮أ˵ȻȻصúܣţħʵȴҲǵͼԨħев㣬ҶΪǿЩڵѾﵽ˺εȵĳ̶ˡ
۷
ʥ飬Ҳһ˲õĴԪĻҲᱻٻ
뵽ʥ飬ҶɫͻȻһ䡣
ȻʱһԹݺݵҶ壺
΢ϣ㾹ȻƾԨĶħ˱һĺܲҺܲң
İɫȻųһĹ⻪
⻪˸ڽضҪһ㡣
Ȼֻ֪һָоҶȴоԷǿġ
ţͷְˣΪʲôŮ˴߰
ҶĽе
µ߲Ȼķ
𡭡
ħ趯֮ǿе˺˵ա
ûõģҵѾ㣬Ǳ΢ԨģȴĽٻߣ㽫ҪΪĸۣ
ո
оԼıһɾ춯صϵسԼѹҶ̲סٴαţͷ֣
ٺٺ٣Ͱϴ󡭡
ЦôǷ⣬ҶֳŰ˲ͼ֮󣬽ѾԴݺݵزȱĳ嶯
κεǣʱûʱ䡣
Ű˲ͼȵȣҿԽ뵽Ű˲ͼ֮УֻҪӵĻŮ˾ҲΪˡ
Ҷ˫Ŀ漴ٵĳһȥ
ž
ֱһĲҶжʱһԹǳˣ
쵰ϣ΢ϣҪܵȥܵ𣿡
һɫĳȻѸٵĻ˳һĽҶֱǿеס
֮ϴ˿˿ĹâȻ̲ž˵
Ҳȥţͷְ
Ҷ̲סߵĺ
ţͷ֮󣬲ˣȴ򵥣Ҷʵ̲סѾġ
߱񽣾
ǿеĳ֣һնɱһ޴Ľۻʼֳ߱񽣾ǿƥ̲صĽٻһ޴Ľۻƥ֮Уۻʼ֡
Ա
ǰͽۻĳֵһ̣ʥ˵թĺ
ã
Ҷɫ䣬Ĳ𡢳⽣֮ԼռţΧס塣
䣡
ԲķΧ׵ı
·һµ쭷ϯһ㣬֮κεʹ޲ǿеĺɱΪ촷ۣĩ裬ɽѣɽλǧķΧԸоɳĿѹͲ
һ಻ϵĺɫ϶Ȼչ
һ޴ĺڶ϶Ĵ󱬷ʼ˾춯صƻҲ˵ʹΧĿռ䷢˱ڲϵĻ˺ѡ
ڶΪµĴ֮һǿĴǿߣȴҲ׵˵Լںڶ֮пĴ󻰡

Ҷ̲סŭһ
˵ȴûü
Ǻɫķ϶Ҳ˲䣬峹׵İΧС

ȭͷ͵һ㣬ϵĻźڶڲʯ
ϣõĲҪȥĻӾͲˣȵϢָԻ֣º裬Ļģ
ȥģ
Ҷĺ
ʱûŮ˽ˣΪһɿµ֮ٵ˽ȥ
ҲðǣȵɱǸԪһҪٻɰǧţͷ㣡
ۡ
ռպϣҶ쳹׵ıӡС
һĿռ䣬һȫµ磬ʥգɫĹ⻪һȾĸʥࡣ
һĹ֮Уһ׹˸һӰֵĳڲ

һĺʱһӰӿʼ
һλ𷢽۵ŮӣҶ쿴ĻһᱻԷסΪ˾Ȼʥһģһ
ϣϣȻ±
ﻺĺһ޵ϴʱѾ仯Ϊ̬ȥȵĺˡ
ܿģһ֪ҵ
һϵɢ
ʱҶȻǲ֪Լ鷳ѾԽԽˣȻ֪ҲģΪʱӦǰЩʯ

ȭȭӡ죡
һȭӰ˸ȭΪʼݺŷ
ռ䡭ʲôӵĴڣ
ʯϵϮӣҶ̲סĺ


1251 գգ

һȣҶֳӨӨĹԣ˫ֽӡɢޱߵѹұ۸߸ߵľ𣬳趯ѩɫĳͬһ㣬쪵趯֮УԿһķ˸ϡ
죬һɺպϣ
·Ĳͬˮһӣʱ̣ȴѾǿеϳΪһӡǣǳϢӡǡ
üĵ֮۲۾ȻĮӣȴƺǴһеķٺ͸һ㣬ص
һöö޴ʯҶ忪ʼ˲䣬Ҷ˫Ŀ
͡
ֽӡ
·ɢΪϵϢ
ǿеչ֮ҶϹ⻪ռڲԵø
졪ǡӡ
֮쳹գ
¡¡
ʯȻĿ裬ƺǵõƿغѹƣҶʼۼһ
ȥ
ӡϣҶƿǳǳӡһεĳˡ
ƥӴҲҶʩչΪһ־ѧ
¡¡
޴ʯ໥ײǳǳ
֮Ϻٶ˿Ĳ
Ҷļޱٻʮö޴ǳڣﵽĶʯõʮٱķӣǳӡǴﵽǰδе״̬Ҷʩչֱɸ㶨

ﻺһȥҶΧʯڿʼɢĲˡ
ʲôط
Ҷ̲סĽе
ڶ
Ҷ쾭˲ֹһεĵطǴռ䣬ռҶ춼һεȥڵԼĿռҲһĨʶǿռ򶼴ﵽ˵ͼ̶ȵĴɾ磬Ȼ㲻޵УȴҲǰľȽϣҪ߳
üͷԵҶ쿴һȦ֮󣬼ʵȴҲûпԼǰ߹ĺڶռ䣬˿֮ԭϢûС

èҡβͣƨƨߵ˳
΢΢һܿ죬һԪʼߵں
ǿӵ
߶Ǵ˲֪µǿڶʱڱѾоĲ֮ͬ
ʱúǻȻһ򵥵ĵط
һҺ˽⡱ӣ˵
ҶûĿѾһۣ
ϻ
ѾĿһȦ֮󣬶ûһƬռʲôĵطʯǲ٣ȴɵû̫ջƨƨߵӣ̲סҶһһ߽Ű˲ͼ֮С
ӦһİĴԪˣȻСȴҲʥҪٵģڻȽԼϵһ£
˵䣬ҶŰ˲ͼ֮У˼öҩŵҩĳ֣һ漴֣һɿµҶľ̲סһѡ

ĵϢһԼĺҶĽҩ
ҩ壬ڼʼ
ħЫӡ桢ԼɱˣǼܹ֮֮Ϊʮһ֮ȻҲǸ߸ϵģΪҶɣټһδǺѸ㶨ǡ
ɱļҶ첻Сİ
ɱ֮Կɱеѷʽֻǣⰵɱֻܹ֮ٵĵˣһ࣬½ܶࡣ
žžž
ߣٶԽԽ죡
ƺ׵硢桢̡
񱩵ĺܣ
Ѱ˵ĻǺȥѹǶҶ˵ȴ㲻ʲôڲľϵΪµľܹԿľ١
Ҷľ֮УҶϢҲָƽȵ״̬
ԽԽ̲ҶĳЩɺԵľ
ϾһοսҶûгԿ٣ʵϣȴҲܵ˲ٵĳȺ˵ֶξ˵ĺܣÿһεĳ֣ҶоһвԵĲڲش
һεսȻǽңҶȴҲԼʵһ֣Ҳ˵ˣԼսʤͨǿߵֶˡ
ͨǿȻǻһ谭ƾԼĸֶΣԵĿöԷԼС
ʱ仺Ĺȥˣ֮УΪģû˿ϢûκεĲеֻһööʯҶ߻ľ
ǳˣ϶Ļᱻľ׸ǿеѹǱġ
ҶڿȻһûκεĸо
ϣ
һĽԽ۵̬ҶԺ֮вϵĸֳ
Щ۱߱񽣾ȻԺ֮ҶѾһΣڴ˾ĵҶ컹Ǹоˣİһһͷǰ
һɵĽ⿪ʼۣʱƣ۵ʵʵ״̬
߱񽣾Ȼ˵ʩչһֱΪ߱񽣾Ǵ󿪴ϣηˣֻҪսʤ˶ּɣڿĻҴˣ߱񽣾ҲֻɶѣΪĵطҪȥϵ򣬿Ҳʧֵʱ򰡡
ҶĬĬ˼
򵥵˵߱񽣾һʩչԻûܶĽ죬ҶȴҲֻǻûеʮ֮һˣĻܹʩչﵽѾǺѵˡ
󽣳յֶιȻǾ˵ĺܰһʩչһŽҵİ»ӵľ˵ģ
˫Ŀպ֮УҶĽ⣬ҲûΪʵʣڰ¶ĿռǰǰȫΪԶƶҶڸĲ֪εĳȥȻҲȥֵ˷Լϵ
֮УҶ忪ʼƽһİĿռ֮У̾ͷ·ݷںһ㣬ʱҶ֮У󲿷ֶԼĽϣûй۲쵽
ռۣϵ죬еʱ򣬷·һеʱȴƽأҶ˫Ŀڱպ֮УϢȴҲ𽥵ĿʼƽӨӨĹԣµĽǳĲɫ桢ɫĸԡɫ֮
һڰ֮УԵøء
ӵƺǳΪһԵĿһ㡭
͡
µĽȻĴҶ˫Ŀڰ֮УԵޱȵ֮ൽ׵ĳ̶ȣƺƵĹ⻪ҫһƬ

Ž̤ʵأҶٴεӣúܡ
һƬ½أҲˣٵģǿҪǿ١
ҶԳЦ
ǾʱһӴӣǰڿȻ˲䣬Ҷ̲סһĶ¡
⡭Ҳ̫˵ɣ


1252 ɳ
׹ǣ
׹ǣ
ĶǾ޴İ׹ǣ
ÿһ׹ǿȥ·һСɽһ㣬ι״ӣһ̬š
Щ׹˿˿ĺڰϢԸоһֵĻȡ
ǻ֮Ĳ
Щ׹ǣ޴࡭
Ҷﵹ˵
˶ԷϺӴ̬̲סľ֮⣬ȴΪ׹֮ŵ·
һԵİ׹ǡ
ҶĴһ޴İ׹ǣһɿµĻ沨м
ԼĿԿһĨɫĻӰڰ׹֮ߣϢ֮ȴɵĻһ˿ǰ硣
Ӱӣ
ɫӰ֮ҶԺ֮УȻĳ֡
νһֲ㳣ޡ
һ֣
ȴŻǿĺܣΪ½ն㹻ĳޣԷƣ㱾ĳɳٶ൱Ѹ͡
ܹϢ׵뵽Լİ׹֮У׹֮϶ĸоһɿµȼգһΪѾﵽһ˵ľˡ
Ҷ૵ĵ
ţЩóʩչǿߣԽԼ򵽹ӡƥ
̬ܴ㹻׵ĸ߶ȣԴĵطѾʼ˿˿ĺɫϵĴɢһ·ƺǹΪһȻһ㣬˸һĹ⻪
ڵʵ֣ӦѾﵽ˴ͨϵľˡ
Ҷ챣صĹƣҴӶԷԵܻܿӵǿ
İ׹ǣҶ˫Ŀʼ
֮İ׹ǣвǿ󲨶ĴڣһЩħЫӵ˵ʵҪ£ǵʲôȻôǿ䵽
ǿµĸо
èĿ˵
Ȼû˵Ǳȴ൱࣬ȻҲоطɭͿ¡
Ҷǿգ֮ϣûȴһſŵǳɢĹ⻪һγһ˵ĳӣҶ쵭˵
Щ׹棬̲ϵͨǶΪ
ҶٴεĿڡ
ռʼչȻĳ֣
䣡
һķĶʱӰ趯Ŀ
ӥͻߣ
һЩصıУǾȻһЩѾͨЩε̬ɳȴǿеɵԼ꣬ΪһԽ
ſռʼչ֮УЩĲϵرС
һԽǿҶķϵת𽥵ɢ˸Ĺâÿһ˿µͲǳ֮ͽ֮ΪĿ¡
ϵȻ㲻ϱΪֲģǾڽΪºϬġ
һ쳣һ޼᲻ݣ
ٺٺ٣һñ
ͺèĳ֣ѴѵĿʼȡһЩĽһЩҲǿٵˡ
국ν̰ƵļһֻҪͼԵǳλ
ҶҲδ⣬İ׹̫ˣ㹻ȡġ
áħģ⡶ħµĺܣκεһʶԼȡ֮УʹиӵǿᣬҶ켳ȡЩ׹Ǻͱϵķ֮ٴεĿʼʼתħʼ
һδεĴϵĽֱƺƵ쵽˼¡
һϵĴдһֻϢ
˿˿·ڰ֣۵ӡ
Ȼʼĳɳ˲٣
뵽ǻŮħĿֲҶ̲סĴһ£
ǱŽ찡
ϵı仯⡶ħĺô֮һڴԼʱ̣Ҳ᲻ϵĴԼΪЧŻ͹Գħĺô
ô棬ҶĴʼøӻ
žžž
һ׹ǲϵıҶ켳ȡ·ųһµĺڶռ䣬һֻ̰Ķħһ㣬֮Щ׹Ƿ飬ΪԴʼɽ롣
ҶϴʱѾ˺һ촷ۣǰ׹Ǳȡ˾֮ʣµ֮
ž
ĳȲϵֲ֮ⷽԲķΧɼ
Ҷϵͷ·Ƿĺˮһ㣬ϵ
𡭡
һ޺ȻĴݳ
֮УһɿµĲ漴ڿռӣռݵķΧﵽǧĵزֻǺ֮䣬Χ˲С漴ݻΪ˰֮أ
ʲô
Ҷ˫Ŀ˫ֿٵĽӡһĹγɣںèϣӵӴ󣬳Щֲ񣬷Ǵ
ˡ
Ȼ¡˲֮УٵķĿʼɣһ޴󷨣󷨲Ȼ޾Ĺ⻪˸
͡
ҰɰǧСɽϸӳ
죡
èĽе
һԾ޴ĻȻϸ֣ٵ˸Ĺ⻪
⽣֮
ǧöʥͬһµķ籩䣡
ϣ
ͬײʼ֣䣡
𣡣
èչ֣Ļſµ¶ȣŶԷΧȥ
˻˻˻
˻֣̹Ӵһ
ŶηƤһļƤ
飡
һʥ֮ٵһӣ˳ֱû˵档
˻
ӵǿҡ
һ޴С
ʲô
èϵĺëʼ
ϴ޷ŵɫе
ǾȻһֻ̬طϴſµƬ棬ʵİߵ㣬ɢ棬һԴɺ˫ĿаĹâǱնϳΪأȴڶһ˫ĿѪͷϢ֮ϵҶ쿴ȥ
̰ӣҶ̲סüͷ
ƺǡɳߣ
עŵ˶Է޲ɫİߵ֮ҶԺ֮Ȼĳһʡ
ɳߣһֿµĴߣо綾Ĳ棬ҿ֮вϳɳĶԼǿ֮һﶼ仯Ϊ綾֮
ƤϵƬſµķѰ֮ˣȥиԷ
ѹ˵ôİ׹ǣɳߣһɳǳϲȺӣһɳߵ㹻ﵽǾϵΪһƬȥνǴݲ
ҶеİĻ裬߱񽣾ٴεĳ֣һâȻĻĽʼնȥ
˻
һͻȻҶı֣аϢҶ˸оһɽĸо


1253 Ѩ
˻
쳹һϢҶжڲ
ʲôʱ򣿣
ȻûиоʲôʱԼģ
飡
ֲľ˲Ŀʼɣ·һɽһ㣬ǿеĴҶ壬˲֮УѾҶ˳׵Ĵ˳ȥ
ȿȿȡ
̲סһ˿Ҷ˷·ǱɽĴԼһ㣬ǿҵʹг
͡
ٴεĸ֣⾢·һǿյһ㣬Χһûа취ȥ赲סصļһ
ɱ֮ءҿ
Ҷ˫Ŀɺ˸ˡݡһʧԭأǿճ׵ںһ
𡭡
߰ĺٴεĴ
һҶѾ׽һģ
һֻȥ׳ȻȥӴ󣬵ʵϣ͵ϵЩɳȽȴС˺ܶࡣ
ȫһֽѪĹ˿˿Ƭɢűĺ޴ԴߣһԳǴɭȻĺڲͷԼԴһֻ۾߰ӡ
µͫϵĳܽ䱸ţ¶Ĺâ׺ޱȣη
ͶԷһۣƺǶҪоԼ忪ʼһ㡣
µļһ
Ҷﻺ˵
ľֻڼʱѣ㽫峹׵ҽκˡ
ǸղŵֿµٶȴʵҶпʼһǿҵľ衣
ɳһƬߣǸղŵٶȣԵѾǴͨµǿ߿ʩչֶΣ
֮˵жϣΪɳ߱ϵȺһҪСһЩϵȴӵĿ£ҶоһϢϡ
ü֮Уһֻаɫ۾ϵͷųɫĹâÿһεͷŶԸһƬռ䣬ӲҪ˵һԴϵֻĳˣ˿˿·ḻѪϵĴͷų
ĽᾧǵõĻҵ治١
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һķʵҶ쾪ȵĺܣ֮ķ̶ȿ˫ȴûд̴һԴ˵̬ļһǶôľ˰

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ɣ
ٴεļǿʮļӳ֮£Ҷ磬Ľһȭ׵Ĺע
飡
Ѫɽ
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ĲҽҶȭе˲䣬ʼɢ˳
ɳҵĹͼ뿪Ҷ򣬵Ҷ֮УԷǿͱˡ
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Ҷû˿ء
ҪޣһѨ䱦ֻҪԸ⣬ҿԽ׸㣡
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һץ֮УҶҵ˶Է꣬ŭһҶȻԷȥ

ͺèĽеʱҶɱԼߣȺɳ߳׵Ŀʼˣ
ѨﾹȻһ
Ҷûǣɳ֮üͷչ˵һƻɡ


1254 ħ
ħأ
ĳҶ¶һ˿ɫ
ǻĲƴŴʱ˼
ɳ֮УĶѨһħأһϵĳӣ֮Գ֮ΪħأȻ̲ذһµĳӣдſµħԡ
֮ǰƺǴڹǿа֮ڳ֮еħԲǿ󣬶һž޴һֻɳԭֻһֻ۵ɳ߶ѣڻԵɺ֮£ħأھһδεĴ֮Ҳ˽Լ˼£ŻΪɳߵߡ
ħеȴһֱ޼
ħ˳ĻӦһѡ񣬶ȥһ־ѧĪã
Ҷ΢΢ĳ˼һ֮жϵ
ƻӶȻɢһɿµ

嫣ϵĹ⻪˸䣬Ҷ˶ڿʼ֮ϣһޱȾĲʼչ˳
ɳ꣬ҶڶԷƿأȻҲУϴӴһߵϢ
еɳһĶ֮󣬶ʱĳ˷ʼӴܳȥ
бܰ
èɫһ䣬ʱĿʼĺ
˵Ҫȥɪһ
ҶζĿźèЦ˵
ˣүһλҪȥæȵ´Σǵúúõĥһ
èڨڨЦ
㷢ʲô
̲סʵȻһƽʱ۲Ǿ˵ġ
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ҶΪڴ˵
Ӱ˸ҶѾʧԭİ׹ѾɵĲˣʣµҲһȺͼˣҶô󣬶ڵҲûȴĶ
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˼ǣҪħص
üͷ΢΢һںèŵ
֮µ䣬޷Ψһķǽһžѧ׵ϵʥѹȥ漴Ľ֮֮ҵϱӡţһƿ˷ӡĻвǺصģҿɲҪǸʱȥķ
Ҷ϶˵
תҶĵһ־ѧҲΪϤһ֡
Ϊϻ֮أľѧţǴ֮ģǿĹǿߣԵ˺գֽ֮ϵǳժȡ˻ܹ
ǹǿߵǴľѧȻҲֻ
ħ
Ҷˡת֮󣬴һ־磬ҶΪϵĿʼҶѾ𽥵ĸоˣԼҪһħٴεĴһȼɳ
ħĳ֣Ҷ쾭ǧ֮󣬲ŴɹģҪٴεĽԼһµĳ̶ȣҪĴۿ»ߣҲΪԵʣҶŻ˼˺þ֮
һĴɽɫĴɽϵӿĳֻɫͷ·һֻ޴һ㣬ϵ֮ߣޱȵӡ
𣿡
ΧǳֳͺͺӣҶ
ﵽǰ׹ǣȻ̬ϲҶ쵱ô󣬵ȴǺˡ
Ȼɽϵһ飬Ǳɳ߸ɵĲˡ
˳ɽҶǰС
žһƬԵøɭ
ҶǰУǵ׹֮ϣһĴ죡
һˣǰ˴Լһӵʱ֮һ޴ĳѨǵǰ
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üͷ΢΢һҶٴεǰȥ
͡
һ⻰ûµһ˲䣬Ȼļ
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â˸ɿû뵽һƬɫС
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ڹ˸ӣҶ֮ۿʼ򿪣ܿı㿴һǧ֮ĵطһֻϳεĺɫӣͬ򼣬ȴž㣬һԱɫ۾аͷĲȻ˵ֱֻ۴Сĳ̶ȣҶȴħûС
ӣԵĲͬѰ
ħȻͲ󣬵ȴſµԲɳֻڷϲһЩѡ
΢΢˼һ֮Ҷٴεǰȥȥһϳ֮ľħ棬ѾûĿˡ
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Ҷ΢΢մҺ塣
̡
һɰԵ˲ĳУƥĲ˳Ҷָϵұ鲼ȫĸ
һְߵϢƺǽһеȫų棬ֻԼһ֡
Ҷüͷ΢΢һ֮УȻĳֿµ־ֻôһѣҶȴоһͼƿ־𽥵ǿ
ߣҵ־һȻҲı䣡
һҶ־·һһ㣬Ѹٵѹƶ£漴ĽԷ׵ĸ㶨

ƺǸоԼ־ѹħ֮УͬѪҺ忪ʼ˾ˣʼĹ
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һβĻᣬħأҸо̲ŵڴаȻ֪Ϊʲôµһ̲ĳ־ȴңҪȥһµģ
Ҷǿ϶˵


1255 ۻƽʥ
ǿ񱩣õ׼
ǵǵ˵
߰һɣľΪ֧֣ϵ𺦣
Ҷ˵
ħһҶͻȻЦһż̤ħر棬֮УӻسС
̡
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ݣµˮڵ¶ȡ
һһ̳׵ı·һֻѵħһ㣬Ϊŭ
ʹ
ʹ裡
꣡
һַ·ιǳʹ࣡
Ҷڽħ֮Ψһĸоħе·Ƿ˷۵ĳһ㣬ĳҶļȥ
ÿһë׶ڴڵĴϢˮӣ
ħеبűڣɳ֪ħصǴ˶ٵʱ䣬ǼĹ£ưôʱ䣬ȴҲ׵Ľ̫ʱ䣬ֻڱԵĵطԵĴһʱѡ
ҶȴǽԼ峹׵ĳ档
в֪źεȿ񱩵ͬһĶһ㣬ϵ뵽Ҷÿһöϸ֮Уıƣͬʱȴ̲ſµĶأҶ·˲㻯ޣıǷµĴ̼Ǿͷ·Ǳȼʱ򷢳һ㡣
Ҳ
Ҷ̲סĵھһδĴ͸֮ͿνǱ˪ˣڴ˵ܵԴ֮˵ȴ̲סڿʼϡ
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žžž
͡
˫ֽӡٵİ˵ϣһصķųɵĹ⻪
ݻΪһ˵Ĺ

΢΢ĴϢһʱһĿ·ʼţɢ
ΧҶΧʼݻһĽ磡
ҶػС
ӣ徻˲١
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Ҷ̫ƴˣӽ뵽˾絽ΪֹҶһֱڲϵƴͷ·ںʱܣˮ׼Ȼ˵ЩϵĴڣǸ߸ϵǿ߻кܴһ·Ҫߡ
Ҷȴ½СС񣬵ڸ߸С۷壬̫̫ˡ
ҶȴһߵڣûԹԣеֻڲϵѰԼİ֮ˡ
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治ϵıգɽҲˡ
𡭡
˲ϵĴҶϣ漴ٴοʼҶ챾ˣǴҪҶ˳׵ѹס
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ҶһŭзݣĽӡʱһ·ڲ͸⣬ʵʵĹâʼ
תΪΣԭҶĳ̶ȣҲŶѣħΪĳ̶ȣǵҡ
⡶תİҶʦӶûа취˵Ͼڵ̫ĺˣԽҪࡣ
ҲΪʲô޷ԭ
ۻƽʥ塭ǡת۷壬޵Ľӽм̶ˡ
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˫ַĽӡ֮УǡתϵĿʼתݻΪΪ۷ĳ̶ȣٴεݻ֮Уڲ߷ʽʼı䡣
ǿеĸıԼתʽ˵ľܲסΪҪĵ̫ˣһҪڲֿµʹ
ҶȴԣΪľѾĳ̶ȡ
ΪǿһޣΪĴ֮ףһɲ״ﵽġ
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ħ֮еʼѹµϢ·һֻħޡ
Ҷ˫ĿѾҧƣȴڷĺ
ɣɣǵ˭κε˭
⡶תתҶڲ𽥵Ŀʼݻ˿˿֮ľڵһʱҲֲҶϵ˺ۡ

ߵİ֮£Ҷ˲𽥵ĻָһȻʹӣȴϢĻᡣ
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ڸоҶ쾹ȻӦԼĳ̶֮ʱĿʼŭ
һӿµٴεĳ֡
֮ϣ˽ըѵҶѪ̲סĿʼʡ
һ򷨲֡
ҶĬĬšתǹϵĿھһδεķÿһۣеľ
͡
յ˫ĿȻüĵ֮ɢµĹâԴ棬һ̻ת޾ѹʼͷš
𡭡
޴Ȼһıԭ񱩵ħ֮ˮһ̣·èһ㣬һֵӵ̬
һ޴ĲҶϣµϢϵͷţŰħǿеƿȡеľ
ҶϢ𽥵ƽ
ϵļһ䶯·ڳɳϡɼϵĺģ貹⻪š
ƺƬ
ۻƽʥ壬һַ̬֮󣬵ֱ˺һУСС֮ӵĻᱻµģ
ڣڷ֮Ҷ૵Ц
ͻأģһ̣һɿµ־ȴ·ħ֮㣬ħڲɿĳ֣ҽٵҶ֮С


1256 ɷ
һ̱ޱȣ޾ɷ·һɷǽ٣Χʼ쳣жһǿҵɱͷϢͷ·һħľ˺Ϳֲ
һ˫˷ͱϢӻĳҶУ
ߡ𣿡
ҶЦ˵ϵı֮Уƺû˿ľȣǵǴһڴ쳣ķ
㾹Ȼ֪ҵĴڣ
صҶĵʣһɷ񣬴޾ɷʵʣҶ񣬸ӵǴҪҶˣ׵һ㡣
Ҷǹ۹۱ǣĿһӰĿʼ۳Ϊʵʡ
˳һԳ˱֮˫Ŀ𽥵ĿʼΧǻ޾һ𲽵ĿʼɳΪǾ޴Ӱӡ
׻
Ȼһֲֻİ׻
Ҷ֮УԷȴû˿⣬෴ǣҶһжĳְռ̬
ΪʲôҪ֣һʼʱұ㿪ʼˡ
Ҷ컺Цŵ⣬һǴɽֲİ׻̲סĽһ˫Ŀʼøӵ쳣
ħ֮еԵıһֿµ˵֮ԵĲȻγɵģңУᵽһֵȻܵѾ𽥵ı¸ʴĲˣҵմѪȣȫĿԸобضѪζҵָմһ˿ħصҺ壬ȻһֽҪռĸоԵģħؾԵǴĳģ
ҶЦֹķ
׻Ҳʼ𽥵¶˸Ӳ̵廡ߣӣǱҶֲмЦ̬ʼŭˣ
ǰ׳ɳߣôʱˣȻֻǳɳǰ̶ȣǼɳٸߣǿʵ͸߹ѪҲȥסģԭ𻹴ϵΪҵһ֣û뵽ȴĳɳ߲ûôģ෴ǣԱô١
˵䣬һ˫ĿʼøȺ̰
ԷӵȻľǽԼеľȫγΪݿҲ򵥣ǼˣҵҲø࣬Ҫˡȵ±ӣ꣬ҲǱģԶû±ˣ
׻ĶҶЦ
ôĿ϶
ҶʵЩεĿһԷֽʮᣬѾǻ̫ʱˣ֪һﵽǴ˶õʱˣһݽͰ裬Ȼôʱˣûбĥ

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׻쳣һչ䣬Ǵ㽫Ҷ쳹׵˺ѳΪƬ
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ҵ־޾Ǹ㲻һǵСϻһεĲϵ
Ҷı쳣ǿҵţһȴ׵ļŭ˰׻еķ޷һССǰķ
ѹ꣬Ҫʱ㻹ǲ԰Դ󣡡
׻񱩣˲֮УעҶ֮У
׻ע⣬ҪҶ֮ųӶĽԼע뵽Уڵʱƾް׻Ѫݣ˷εȵĺ¹κεһˣ
ҶȻĸӲ⡣
һ𣿾Ȼ뵽Լ֮У⼴ǿʮȴҲķ
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İɣһϲû𣿡
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⵹Ҳǣһƻĺͺһ㣬϶µĴˡ
Ҷ岻㲻ֱӵı׻עӣ˵Ǳ׻ȡǱҶԶŵġ
Сӣ̫ĽˣȻΪԼԶԸ𣿡
׻Цź˰˻ģµƹϮ
Ҫҵɲ֪ȴҪ꣡
׻֮צȻĻӶϵɷһµķ˸ϣ˲֮ЩľȻһµƣ̲ϵ־
Сӣ뿪𻹿ԸһᣬԶĻӦ㣬뿪ûⱲӾͳ׵군ˡ
ĿʼƵҶϣһ̣ҶѾ׵
㻹ǲҪĺˣҵԵ뿪Ҫģ㲻ҪģȴԵǺĺܣ
Ҷﻺ˵һ֮Уһĸղŵ΢ЦȻĺȵ
ҹ
ʱޱȣ·һпħһ㣬ᵽ˼¡
ŭ֮һ֮УķĶʱ貵Ĺ⻪
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ٵҶϵͣһϵ־ʼıǣͼǰ׻־ѹ
ǰ׻ɷƣ־εǿ󣬵ȴҲҵĶ֣㻹ǾͷŰɣȵһ̣㽫û˿Ļˡ
׻ĴЦ̬ڿһС
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һʼȻҪԼ֮е׵ñ˸մȾٴ׻꣬һá
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ҵİ׻ɷǿ˫Ըģƣ
׻ŭһ
֮ޱȿֲԭԭ޷飬ӵĲҪ˵ǰ׻ˣѣǰ׻ɷƲû˵ǿѵǱǿеԼ
Сӣˣթ
׻֮дһܻ̬
Ŀʼ
׻ɷ֮д־ͺܴһֵʱǲȥѹȥĻᱻǿеѹס
ߡֵˣҵϵǡñк͵ˣʣҵһϵҲҪģ
ҶЦ˵
ϵ־Ȼѹһ֮УҶϱһ棬һ˭ϢҶ֮УһĹ׭忪ʼչֳ֣ƺһġս֣ȴӵĿ£

ֻʥּ㣬


1257 ʥ
Ҷ˫Ŀűɫ·û˿һ㣬ϵʼֳһ·Щ·ÿһһޱȵӡǣһвϵš
ҵҵǲ࣬بŵĴڣκε޷ҵǰ鶼УСӣƾʲô˵Ĵң
׻ĺ
ϵһ̣ʼ˼£ľһֻҪѳͻħ
ǿɷͿµɱ⻯һ㣬ʼҶ岻ϵĳȥһδεĳһδεĳײҶоеĿֲ
һǿʵҶоһֿµϢ
ΪûаտԸ㶨Է֮һа쵽˼µ
ԭﶼ޷ӵĲҪ˵ǰ׻ǲˡ
һ޴óҶ֮УóŰ׻ϵЦΪµ̬ڿһֻһ㡣
׻ŭﵽΪ۷̶ȣǸ߸ϵĴڣĶȥƿرˣֵõԼǰ
𡭡
ŭһ׻׵ץˡ
צһ˫󵶣ݺݵس֮ϵÿʼնɱȥ
ģȥɣ
׻ĺצ쵽˼£˫Ĵ󵶸ɢһɺеǿɷ
¸¸¡
ЦɢڳԷԲΪ
һĻɫȻĳ֣ǻɫϸϸĿȥ֣ᷢʲôһſŵСɵһԡ
ЩСҲ򵥣һԴγɵӡ
ž
ɵһɫȻĿʼƵ˫֮ϣʱ͵Ĵ󵶷˽ͰĲ

һת۵˲䣬ԷȻʼ˷ĩ̬׵ɢˡ
𡭡
˫ǰ׻һΪˣʣµ㲻࣬ʱٴεʧһӵð׻ھҵɢ
ҽ࣬ҴôʱˣֻҪٴεɵ꣬ҾͿռݵǸʱҽµ̬ɳҵľ飬ȫĿڶʱ֮ڴﵽһ۷ĲΣֻϣεܹҶԿ
׻ķ𣬵ҶȴЦĿһС
ͿʼһУһһļƻ֮Уȴû뵽ǣƻȻݻôãһ˵˳
ȻǿֲȴҲû뵽̶ֲȵġ
һжҵˣȥˡ
ĵ˴󲿷֣ʣµһ㣬㹻ҶȥˣҶѾʼ
ﻺ˵
СӣΣһϵ޾ĲƸ㣬õҵİҽὫһµޣأܣɱҵĻ㽫ʲôòģ
Ҷۿһǿߵǰǰûκεһǿ߿ѡĮӵġ
׻Ҷڲ֪ԷݣȴҲԵĿԲ²⵽ԷǿֻǰƽȵģһεǿᣬǰȴɵĻѡȥ
㡭ȥɣ
Ҷ쵭˵ӶԼȭͷ˽Ĺ⻪ȻĽԷ곹׵ĴƬ
СӣôĵӣôĹ㾹Ȼ˵Ĵң㣬ҪҲԸģұ
ѵѡȻһ̳׵ҷĳҶ쿪ʼΧС
ģһ̣ҶΧʼըҩ
ߣȻҪͼ㷽ʽҾͷ𣿡
ҶԽı䣬ģƺմȾһ˿׻ɷ
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ҵ꣬ҵ꣬Ϊʲôܹˡ
׻ڵĿʼˣ
Сӣʲôѵ˵Ǵ˵֮еġ
Ҷ˫Ŀɺ˸
ռ򡭡ѹ
׻Ȼɢ֮С
¸¸¡
Щ֮γɵڸоԼʧ֮漴˲ʵŭڵĿʼҶ
ߣҪıЧ
ҶЦ˵
˵䣬˫ֽӡµأһΨҶϢʼչֳ
ɢĲˣõıǿ԰ҴƳ
ϵļһĲ˵ƺڷŸı䣬ϵļ鴤ÿһѪܶ·һ衣
Ѫ֮ƥ͵ĸоȴԵ˵пʼ̲סһ־Ҷ춼û뵽Լ״ת⡶ۻƽʥ塷ŵ˲䣬Ȼ˾˵ľʹ
Ű׻͸̳֮ҶҲ𽥵˽⵽һ
ȵһħһɷ֮أɱ֮أ
ǰ׻ĵط׻һλبŴڵǿ飬ѪȻǰ׻ֿºͣѪ֮УȴɴŰ׻޵Ѫ൱ŨΪǰԼԼѪ뵽УӻȷԼ
ֻҪǵõһǱԼһг׵Ļָ
û뵽ǣһΣȴҶ̥ռΪؼȴڶԷд
ħ̲֮ž޴ſµɷ
ҶڵҪıϵıһУÿһϸƤ
֮У̲ſµ֮
ۻƽʥ壬Ҫı֮֮ħ֮еɷ໥ĽϣԭתҪӵľǿ

ʹ࣬ޱߵʹ࣬ҶڵĽµһοھתһ飬תĳͼǿҶоԼҪһ㡣
ڵȴֻм
ΪѾоԼԴԴϵڷĻۡ
ۻƽʥ壬һֱħǿ㹻ıԭĳ̶ǿǧٱԭĴħǿĿԱ⾫֣ڵۻƽʥͿԺʯԱˡ
ȫĲһϵġ
ԶͺèҶ𽥵Ļָƽ̲סĳһ
һﾹȻ뵽㷽ʽȥһһõĺ飬þ˵ֶΰ
ߵϴһ֮ɫ

ʱҶȴһ׵ը
Ҷϼ⻪ʼ˸
ɫɫԼƽɫ
Ǵ
֮ˮ֮֮
𽥵Ҷγһ޴ѭ
һ޴뿪ʼҶϾۼγɣҶ챾Ľ״̬ϵĴ߶漴ĸıҶ壬ħеҲʼ𽥵ʧ
ʱعȥһ֮УҶϣͻȻıһɾ춯صĲ


1258 Ыħ
䡭
ըʼ֣ռγ˵ˣÿһεĲΧһпʼ𽥵ĸıܶࡣ
ЩʼûΪһֽһ𶯡
ըֵ˲䣬ڵһ޴Ӱӻų
һ޴Ļ
ϴ˸ÿһƬ۶ǰƴС
˸ϵ֮вĹ⻪
ϵķ̳ΪǿĻƣ֣ÿһƺڹϢ
ȥһ޴β쵽׵ĳ̶ȣϸǳһ˿˿ߡ
֫չκεһ˶Ըог˱Ĳ

ҶĵһڵĿʼĳˡ
ⲻͬǧǧ۵ķ࣬Ҳͬڰڤķ࣬ӵĲǾѧЯĻ󣬶ҶһĻ
ǧǧ۵ǿ󣬱ڤĹ죬ǿᣬΨһǿ֮ϡ
ϵǿᣡ
ҶиоԼ˲ʩչһ󣬴һǳ
ϻĵǿǣתԼֿͨ£ǣǿᣬҶڱѾԴﵽˡ
ƣ
ƺƵĻŭһҶʥַﵽһ£ģһʱıϵˣ
һ˿ʱĿʼϵ׵׵ķϵˣһ˿ֿûС
ڵҶȻھС۷壬ǴʱȴԭҪǿٱֹ
˾һֻԶŵŵĴͨǿߣ»˲ʱ̴ǡ
ҹ֮ҶһֶֻԷϵǡ
ҲֻǿߣҶŻȥ˼ӦȴҲҪ̫࣬ڵǿӵһУӲĿסԷĽֱӵĽԷˣ
ǿߵʵ
һеĸ

ӵľֻʣ˷ӣҶ̲ס¶һĨЦݣ
׻û뵽˲ɣȴΪ˼ױ͵ʴװ
׻ļ䣬Ҷ컹ûüȥԷ굱˺ѳΪ˺ܶƬ˼ɵԷ꣬Ҷȴûа취ڶʱ֮ڽȫҪһʱſԡ
ʱѾ㳤ˣҵץʱȥҵ񹬵Ļһοɾ˷ˣһڶʱ֮ǲٴлˡ
Ҷüͷһ漴չһͨѸٵշ衣
žžž
ϵļⲻϵķĲڳΧɢԼΪǿ
ҶϵĺΧĿռǿĿһĲڳ֣γһ״ӡ

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ʱһɳһ֮ǹľݺݵĳΧļȥ
͡
һ˺ѵĲʼ֣Ŀռ侹Ȼʼ˺ѳΪΣ
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Ҷɫ΢΢һû뵽ԼȻﵽ̶ȡ
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ٴε΢Ҷϴһ˿ڴɫ
͡
˷·һֻħһ㣬ȻǿеתԼǰ濪ʼ
飡
˺˿ռ䴫ֲֿıʱĿʼӿħߵӰ˸֮ļӳ֣ҶںѾﵽʮ֮Ŀռ䡣
ÿµٶȣ⡶תȻ˵ľˡ
ϴһ˿֮ɫȻҶıֳ
λȱİ׳ǰһѧȻǿĺܰǸ׳տԴ˾˵ѧΪʲôأ
̫ʮѪ֮УƺǴһ˿޷ŵɫӵĴŵĻɡ
ӣ׳գȻɵվţСӶԶˡ
èĽе
һ⳯Զ׷ȥ
ҵ㡭
ڷӦ˹Ľе
õģȫҶ
èĺӣ˵ķŭͷ
һֻ̣ήӣҲ֪תʲôͨȻǿе˺һգ˲˺èϣһĿźè
Ҫȥﰡ
è̲סһ£еķŭ⣬һֲֳֻܱ
ð
Ҷ忪ʼԽ٣ֵĹ⻪ΪµЩħߣ˿˿Ļɷ
ڼȡ˰׻֮Ҷ켴ǲӵУȴɵܵһӰ죬ڵ޷о⵽һ滹һĥѡ
Ĳݻ
ҶüͷͻȻһʱ֮ﵽһµɱ䣬֮УѸٵҵֵλá

Ҷ΢ٵĳŸоĵطȥ
漴Ӱ˸һǧס
𡭡
ŭ֮
ֻ֮£һֻ޴ĺɫ̰ץסһɳ߷ҧסԷľݺݵ˱ŶԷڵѪ
һֿȥڶЫһϴһĺɫ׿ˣ·һµؼһ㣬ĺɫâͬһ¡
ֱֻ۳˼ָֻ̣ÿһֻ·Ƿһķ޴ȻɳҪСһ㣬ǿȥȴӵĿ£ǶԷȻһİ׹Դ˿˿ĺɫ治ϵ˱һĹۼ
ЫħޣȻЫħޡ
Ҷɫ΢΢һ䡣
Ыħһֺǿµ׹ԴЫӵ壬ҳһֱۣ˵ĳ̶ȡ
бϲʳѪǡƶЩƫ˼¡
ĳһԭЩɳ߱йԵģΪɳĴڣһӦ˶Էȴû뵽ɳһԷȻˣ
Ҷüͷ΢΢˵
һҶȻĲѡֵģռĺܣȻ֮а
ﾺ棬ɳҲʲô֮ҶŲɵȥܽЩء
Եģܶʱ㲻ȥǣȴţ˲ȥġ
Ыħ޵צٴε׽һɳߣצٴεĽԷնϣ漴˱˱˲ãƺǸо֮ϻŸζĴڣˣ̧ԼԴ
һԿֲ˫ĿͷſµĹ⻪
̰ѪĹ⻪
ζѪ
һͳ˵Ĳбɱ¾Ϣ


1259 ֮
ǺǡƱۣƱﰡҲ㣬㷴Ҫҡ
Ҷ̲סųһĨЦݡ
һȻ˵ĻҶȻҲ־ܵöԷȥɵġ
޵ϢþûгԵˣһΣҪ㡭Ѫ⣬һıˣã
Ҷı󣬾Ȼ˹Ыħ޵
һʵҶȻڴͨ쵽ڰҡ
ǴʱҶôẦһ
ٶȺܿ찡
Цһ˵
һķ·һ㣬ſֲɱ⣬ҶԴȥ
Ҷ켴ǲҪͷȴҲԸоǶԷЫβ
ǴâЫβԵľǴſµľ綾
ҵۻƽʥ壬ոյɹû뵽һﰡ
֡
ǹЫħ޴Ƴ£Ȼɵӣһ˲ıоǰҶ⣬ǴУов
Ծ
ǹЫħΪµԣѰűԼСΪ˱ǰ½еġ
һֻЫħվһ磬Ҷġ
ž
ʩչȻת˲ʱ̣һס˶ԷЫβ
ôܣ
ٶȱٶҪ£Ыħ޵ﲻķ˾
ûʲôܵġ
ҶĿŶԷЫβεǿ󣬵Ҷϣȴ·Ǳ̶˾һ㣬˿
С㾹Ȼסҵβͣ
ЫħǾǺܿȴһֻ̬
㾹Ȼסҵβͣ
ҵЫβΪֲĶ̣㾹Ȼͽֽס̳
͡
һֲĶ̴ǺɫЫβ棬ݺݵð
Ĺâɼһʯⶾ̸еĻƬЫħ޺ţǰҶԵĿԱơ
ϣ
һ˵ȴĶ߻ĳˡ
Ыħ޷ŵĿǰһУ޷ŵĿҶ죬һɾʹͻأĳϣǹǴҶУȻǿеˡ
ۻƽʥ壬ССĶ̿ȥԿģ
ҶЦһ棬ֵĴ˿˿ʥۡ
𡭡
һɿµɷȻĴҶɢϢ·Ҫ£ѹùЫħ޶̲סĲоԼһ̾Ȼ޷ˣе޷ȥҶϵϢǿеѹ
ʲô

Ҷݺݵ˦ԼֱۣͬСɽĹЫħ޺ݺݵسŵϿʼˤ
ңһΪǵҪƾԼٶҵ
֮ϣҶĺһɺ죬˸ϡ
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Ыħ޵屻ǿеˤ˵ϣ
¡¡
Ϸ˾춯صıһ޴ӿʼγɡ
еɳĳ˷ʼӴܣҶһɿµɷҪһеһѹסһ㣬Ǹ޷ȥֿ
ߣƽҲ֮ǵ̲ŲٵɳҲһ˿ȻС˼£ǻٳɶ࣬ȴҪģҵڽ뵽ۻƽʥľ磬õҪһ¡
ҶһĲƣЩƣÿһһɾڵҶѾʼǣڴ߶֮УҶǾϲķ֣ڲ֪Լ֮ƣȻ뵽˵ڶʮĶεĳ̶ȡ
ʮ
Ȼһζεǿȥ٣ÿһζʮӳ֣ʮһͬСɵ֡
֪ĻԵĻ˵һĽʺ޵еġ
ʮļӳ֣ʹҶڵʩչͬʹֱһ㣬׵̬ԵҶ̲סҪ쳤Х
ۻƽʥʵ̫Ŀˡ
ץ
µ쭷磬һͺèߣ¶˾ɫ
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һ޴ɳ߱ǿеıˡ
ޱȣԼĿԿһ˿˿εĺۼ֮ƺʶĳɢ
ɡ
Ҷıٴεĸֳһ޴ӰӰԴʱʼ𽥵ĻûΪףֲϢ̲ס˵ӵĲ޷ĵӡ
͡
ЩǵĺۼЩɳص֮Ѫ
ҶٻǿʼٵĳҶ۹ȥ
žžž
ϵļڲҶоԼۻƽʥڲϵ
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һŭ𣬴ǿʼͷų
ҶоԼ˵ϢƺҪ޴͸ǳڷµĲƣǼѺͲĲơ
ߡ
һҶĿʼƯ漴ĳһӿȥǹЫħʱɵġ

ҶüͷͻȻ﷢һ
꣬½˲䣬ʼӸ֪˹ȥ
ǣȴûҵЫħڵĵطȫǲϳġ
ô£ѵ˵ǹЫħ޸ľû䣬˲ɣ
Ыħ൱ǿҶ첻Ը⣬ʹ˷ŹԷ
΢΢˼֮Уٵĳ̽ȥ
·һĴһ㣬ϵ¡
üĵ֮۸Ƿ貵Ĺ⻪
á
һɾ޴ͻȻĴ֮ɣһ˿ֲ֮Ҷһ֮׵ȥ
й죬ȻɵҵһôǿͿֲ
΢΢һҶȻĲŹӡ
ܿı뵽ӻ˹ԭ²ûдĻ֮£һǴ֪飬ЫħҲΪ̫ĵùȻıҶӵ
屻ǿеȥ
ʲô
üͷҶڵܲסȻ̤㣬ӳȥ
ûг嵽Ϊµĵطһɾ˵֮ȴҶ˹ȥ
ȻҪҵ⵽ʲô
Ҷȴ˼֮ûоܾԷɣֱӭȥ
ڽ뵽˼µľ磬ǿۻƽʥľ磬޼᲻ݣ죡
͡
һâҶĽ뿪ʼǰâ֮Ҷ΢Ȼоˣâ֮Уһɾ춯صĺ⡣
ѵ˵
Դ֮ɫҶ쿪ʼԼĲ²⵽ʲô
ȻҶ屻ɹȥʮӵʱ䣬һϵĹǰ
²ĲĻӦǱ񹬵
ϴ˿˿Ц⣬Ҷ컻Ŀ˵


1260 սս
Ҷ建ǰܿǰĹϹʼ
˪ɫĹ⻪ķ⹬˸ɼ棬ʹ⹬ȥء
һ޵ĵڹĵ⣬ʹ⹬ӵһơ
⹬Ҷ쵱ı񹬵ʮֵƣǿ˵С
Ҷȴ̲ס¶˵ĺ;֮ɫ
ʥ񹬵ѵĲˣǰһ𹬵ƺǱԭı񹬵û˿ĸı䣬˵ĹӺʥ
ҶԼļԼʥ໥սȻǽ񹬵ƻ˼£ʱ̣ŭںԿʱ򣬸˽⹬ƻһš
ѵ˵ı񹬵
ҶüͷԺ֮Ȼĳ뷨
ӵĻʥĿǹƵģһ֪ĻѪֹ
ڿ˼ȥѰұ񹬵ǵͷȴֻǵõһðƻҪ˵ˣҶ춼ܲ˵ġ
ס
ҶͻȻɵĽһ
ֻĲԶһ޴ĺɫӰӳУϵѪ߰ߣĳָĲ
նԷԴģӰӣҶȻԿĳԵһֻЫħޡ
ղŵһֻЫħ޵βͣѾǿеķϵˣһֻЫħ޵β棬Ҳˣ˶ĶѺۼҲ˵һﱾǱһɱһֻ
Ҷ첻öȥ˼Ѿ뵽еĹؼڣȻģҶԭڵǸصĿռ֮У϶ǴһĿռڲ㣬һڲǱ񹬵໥һ
ҶǿеĽǹЫħ޵ѵ˵֮£Ĵһڲ㣬Ҳ˷˱񹬵
⹬Ӧòı񹬵񣬲һϼ޻ļһȻһðı񹬵һôҶһŪ˹ȥ
Ҷüͷ̲ס˵
ߺߺߡСӣ㾹Ȼң֪˵˻ᱻ𣿡
һͻأȻݳȥͨͻأȴҶһľš
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һ㵭չ˳
ӴǿǰĻһģκΣҲҪˣεǿ󣬵չǺԵ죬ҲΪʲôС֣
֮УԵĴһ̰ϢƺǶҶ൱Ĵѣ⻰ҶĶУȴԵøĴ̶͹Ź֡
Ǳ񣿡
Ҷ̽˵
ӴôСӰϧǣ㼴ǲ¶ˣҲûģȻǾΪҵıأ趨˺öһĻʮû뵽ȴ˵õһ뻹࣬СӣãֻҪֵ㽫õһبźӵĿԼһŬɣ˵Сӡ
˵䣬Ѿ𽥵Ŀʼʧˡ
Ҷȴ̲ס¶һ˿Źֵı顣
ôоСӹҼҰģ̫ڶϷˣһﾹȻʮһʹãһм˺ܶҶ̲סıѾģʵһܼҵĻ국
ȻֻѣǶһı񹬵Ҷ컹Ϊڴġ
֮УҶĸоһļһԿԵǿԼһݵĽ
ٺ٣ʵϣҲضѣһǹ˵Ļһжð죬ֻҪǱ˳ۣһģʱ䲻ˣķҪˣСӡҪŬ
Ҷüͷݺݵǧû뵽ȻһУԷ˼ԣһؿһЩڶغܿӵҪԷԸֻҪԸ˵˵ڶˡ
ꡭ
̲סݺݵҪļһһ
ɢ˵ۡ
Ȼ⹬ȥƽҶŲһء
Ӱ˸ħӿҶ˫Ŀ˲̤㣬һˣǵҸ˵˵ĺۼ
͡
һ˺ѵķ쳹ҶѾʼһ磬ǹȥ
ߡ
һߴ
ߵ֣֮Ȼĳһµĵ⡣
Щ⣬·ĳ־䣬ڳǿеѹ
֮Уһɿµħ
ۡ
ռ䳹׵˺ѣϣݻΪһ޴С
ҶӰ˸ٵ˰ٵϮɵĿһС
ϣ
·һ˸
ֲĵռǢ
ݻΪһ㹻ħ
͡
ҶǰȻķһҵı
һӰȻû˿Ԥ׵ĳҶǰ
͡
ն
˸ȻֱӳҶǿеĴ߶⣬ն
ÿٶȡ
Ҷɫ΢䣬û뵽˾Ȼٶȴﵽ̶ȡ

ŭһҶȻת
ֲٶ֮£ȭͷȴҲûţӡȭݺݵس֣
ӡȭҶԼľ͸ľѧݻĿֲȭһһʽ㹻ɽӡ
֮УҶǽԼһľУԼΪǿľѧϵĴ뵽˰ӡȭ֮Уȡ侫ȥɣ
죡
ͳĺ·һֻŭ
ַĲһ֮ϡ
䡭
⻪˸ǰĵ˿ʼ
һλȥͨģӣһۣȴȺ֮Уһשü
ڿ˴֮Ҷȴݺݵر仯
˵ϣ񡢵⡢ĺйϵĶȻںһ
ٲȻһµ񵶡

Է˫Ŀſֲĵ⣬ϸϸĿȥǾ˵ĵâ֣ŭһȻҶ̲ס˺벽
һλˮ׼ǿߣΪֵĵԵʣʹöԷȥӵľˡ
˭һء
Ҷȭͷž˵Ĺ⻪ǰӡȭĵݻ˼£ʮļӳ֣ԵĿԴһƬռ䡣
žž
ռ·׵һķ˾˵Ĳ
䡭
޴ĵҶȭݺݵײһ𣬷貵Ĺ⻪ص
ϣ
ž
ֲײͷ·ڽ
ǽ֮УſµҶϴŰ׻һɷϢʱŶԷµĵ⣬ȻȲǰȥһδεĻȭͷ
ӡȭÿһεĻӶ·Ҫѹķ˻İĳ
ǿĵȻʵǿᣬȴɵûа취ȥֿסҶͬǱ꼲ĳˡ
͡
䡭
ͱƵȴ͵ĴҶ˷
Ӱٴεĳ֡
ֲϢݺݵسҶѹȻڴʱٴεĳ˼λǿߡ


1261 ˴
Ҷ˫Ŀ΢΢Ӱٵ˸
ռ򡭡
ţǿռȷʵΪǿ֮һʱ֮⣬ĻпԺԿġ
ҶʩչȻת˲ʱ̣ҶѾһ˼ĽǶ뿪˺Χ
͡
µ߲ĻߣҶѾ֮ϡ

΢΢³һȴû뵽ΧĿռ䣬ȻһıӰֳĳҶ¶˿ɲɱ⡣
һ߰ˣ
ҶĬĬһˡ
ԼĶ棬һλµĵǿ֮⣬λͬµޡ
һˣԵֻһֿܣȴǴһֿµǣһҶԴӶԷ֮пĳ
ˣÿһλѧǲһλǾ޵նʩչȻγǵصĵⲨ˵ƾž˵ٶȣϵĵն϶ֵ塣
һܣ˾ȭһһʽԴһɽ
ҶİӡȭҲѶá
ޡޡǹޡ
νʮ˰ıһˣռһĳ̶ȡ
ΪؼģڣҶо˶ԷĲηȻĳǣȴԵıѹе̶ȣԵĲѰ˿ȥġ
ٶȺϢԵĿ˲µ뷨
žžž
ĵޣһֻڵ˿˿ƣЩҶȭ֮󣬲ײɵġ
Ҷﵽ֮ƶʮĶεĳ̶ȡ
ʮڻۻƽʥľ磬ȻӵĿֲԷ񵶶СӵǿȻڽӴ˲㿪ʼ
ߡ
΢΢һһɾĵȻٴεľۼڶԷı󣬻ĳһ
һ޴Ĵ󵶣
ſµѪۣǧ׵ĳ̶ȣݣɱϢ涼ڹѣķĩ״ÿϵ֮з衣
ϣ
ԭڹѵ񵶣ȻѸٵĻָΪԭʼĳ̶ȣ˸ԭȥӵķ
һ޴񵶻ϣֲƣ½һɽն϶Ķٵ
Ҷ壬ʵʰĵֲ۷ĳ̶ȡ
Ⱥˣÿһλʵ˸ӵĿֲҲη˵ӵӦҶΪԼﵽۻƽʥĳ̶ȣ²غϾͻᱻԷ׵նɱġ
ɱ
޵ĺȵ
ϵ߶˼¡
Ų̤֮УֲȻռһĲ
ĵϮľˣմγһ˵Ѻۣ·һѵĶһ㣬ݺݵسҶȥ
͡
λǿߣƺǵõһָʾһ̣ĳˡ

ҶİС
һ趯߱񽣾ʼʩչ
ݺᣬչֳһ޴ĽۻǷı
γĽ
ϣ
ϡ

޵ĺȵ
ԷȻһ߿ܣȴĳǣǸ߰Ϣɼ
һ޴񵶻ҲĶݺݵسҶ帲˹ȥ

ôΧҶľѸٵںһѧѧԺ֮ƣ漴һֲľѧ
꣡
޴ĽۻͶԷ񵶻ݺݵؽ֯һϣһϵײ𻨲ϵɢ
һǿĿܣҶҲ˵ӣȴС
ΧĿռԵĲǳصġ
Ǽѹĳ̶ȣ˳ˣԻᱻ˲֮бѹƵըĳ̶ȣ
֮УעΪµٶȣһӶǿеĽԷ񵶴򿪡
ʮѸٵļӳһϣҶ·һейһ
ռ򣡡
һǧ׵ĿռȻ˵ôǿѹЩѹȴԽλǿѹ
ֻڶݵʱ֮УѾ޷ˡ
䡭
Ǿʮ׵ĳ̶ȷ˳ڵõǿ߰׹ϵ֮Ҷİٴεγһµĳ̶ȡ
ħ߶֮£֮е֮ϡ
һն϶Էĳ
͡
Ʋն˶Է֮󣬸˵޵塣

ڲȻΧǿѾʼܲסķԼΪǿ

ۡ
̬չ˳
ҶҲû룬һû뵽˶Է档
һն£ѣ޵ϴ޷ŵɫҶ죬·û뵽ҶٶȾȻôѸͣȻ˵ǿᡣ
飡
ռƱǿе飬λǿߵŭ
ȭ߹ǹ񽣡
ľѧȻһƬռȾһĵز
ѵأ
죡
ҶѸٵݻо˵ȭһе߱񽣾У಻ʩչ
ѾоԼѧƺһεս֮Уǿеı߶˳
ǻ۵ϵرǣ

ݺݵغ
䡭
һߣ
Ҷ˫ͬһ޴սһ㡣
ۻ󡢰ڤ˫ˮ󣬲ϵس֡
顭
һɨ£ȻҶĿ϶ǿкɱҶĽۻ档
һλĿܣǶԷȴɵġ
Ҷķ˫ȴҲûа취ڶʱ֮ڷôǿߡ
ۡ
ɢҶ챾ҲܵӰ죬һѪʼ˳
ꡭ
ܵ¶ǰ͵ЦݣҶ̲סĿʼһ
顭
ϵĹ⻪˸һԶĻӰȻĴ֮ϣеС
𡭡
Զʼŭչֲϡ
ۻƽʥ壡
Ҷ˰ĺ
Ժ֮Уϵĳһɿµ䣬֮һǿҵŭѹ֣Ҫ
䡭
޴˻Ȼĳ֣һֻƻ˳һ㣬һնǹ޿ܵһֱֻۣٴεһֻ֣Ȼǿеİס˽ǿߵ񽣣˿ûס˹޿ܵԴ
飡
󱬣
˶ԷԴ
飡
һȭҶԴһѣʼ֣ľѸٵų˵֮ҶһĽӲ֮УѸٵĻָ˹
𡭡
˻ŭ˫ȭ˷ݺϣȻη壬ֱӵӲס˵Ľʼȥ

ȭݺᣬҶ쾹Ȼ˻һ㣬ʩչԼİӡȭ߱񽣾˵ϴһְ׻ɷ塣
һ˫Ŀɺ˸Ȼݺݵذסȭǿߵȭͷ׵ݴ˿˿ĺ⣺
ĺˬİɣ
֮Уǿµɱ⣬񱩵˶Է


1262 ˼µļһ
ȭǿߵϴϵȭ⣬ҺԵڵȼ;ϱҶҪǿĶ࣬ǲ֪ΪʲôڿҶЦ֮󣬶Է̲סĴһ¡
һԵĿ־塣
ЩǿԵıǱշΪ˿ܣǱֶκǸĳ̶ֳϻЩǿߵǣȻжȴǱЩĿҪ˵Ķࡣ
ֻʱȭ޿ȴûа취ˣҶЦͬһ㣬ݺݵпʼųͬһһ㣬顣
䡭
Ҷȭͷ˾Ĺ⻪һֲľ޴ʵʣ̬ݺݵش˶Է塣
һȭһս£
ռ䶯·һĶһ㣬ռǿĺܣʱСչӵȥĥֻת˲֮Уȭ޵ɫѾʼޱȲҰס
顭
һȭصĴ˶Էϡ
䣡
һըѵ֣ȭ޵ֱӱϵΪ룬ȭɱΪ촷ۡ
ɱ
ռٴεı顣
ǿߺǹǿĳ֣ļѸٵʩչԼͨͼҶ쳹׵ѹ
ߡҵʵ־죬ȺܣȻͼѹסң
Сӡֵţȥɣ
޺ǹǿ⼸˵Уǿˣһֳһǹ
һһǹ߾ȻγһһŴһǵص㹻ڸסأһж޷ɵȥ뿪ͽ롣
ÿһ˿߶ǱǿɵģչֳҪҶС
ߡ
һҶ˿û⣬ıһ˻󣬳Ļ󣬵ϣǿ˼¡
˺ѣ
ʹ˻ȻŭһƷ·ֻצ˫˲ץסһŴ
ɡ
λǿ߼Ҷ쾹ȻԻͽֵȥץסһŴ϶ʱ¶˼ɫĺȵ
˭һء
Ҷ¶ɫǺ
͡
澹Ȼ˵˵ƣÿһ·̲һɿµĲǿ֮УӵҶ΢΢һȴûк£ֻھϵĿ̲صÿһÿһ˿߶һλͨǿߣԵı⼸˵ɱﵡ

ŭ֮Ͻˮϣӵϣ˷һаĴݳȥķ˾޴ٿ˻·ǳ˷ܼһ㣬βݺݵ˦ȥһβͺݺݵؽһλǿߵŴС
͡
ֽͬһ㣬Ȼ˲䱻˺ˡ
䡭
һǿߣֳִӣһصĴҶϡ
һ֮ˣһλȥ䲻۵ļһ
һ߿һֱҶӣû뵽ԷΪصһˡ
ۡ
һѪݺݵҶٰͬܵѹֲ֮£˽ʹҶ˿˿ƿʼ֡
ꡭ
̲סһ
һץס˶ԷĴӡ
ǿԭڵԼĽȴû뵽Ҷ쾹Ȼ˵壬ܵԼһ֮󣬾Ȼûȥɵ˿¡
Ϊ뵽ۻƽʥľ磬ҶԵûа취ٴεսȻ˵䣬ȴҲٲĵز뵽ЩҶб̲סһɵ֮
ȥɣ
Ҷĺ
ס˶Է񴸣϶ʮĶ˸ΣյĹâ
žžžž
һ춯صı񴸾Ȼϸ΢ơ
Сġ
λŭ
ҶȴѾ˲䣬ٵʩչƵʮļӳ֮£Ѿ˲䰴ס񴸣ֱӵĳŶԷѸٵĴȥ
飡
ըѣ
ٴεһλ
ľҶٵ̲ͻָ

һ˫Ŀɺķ·ҪγѪһҶϢѾﵽ˼¡
˻֮ϵĲޱߵɱ¾
䡭
͡

֫飬Ѫɣҽ
˲֮УҶ츶˱Ĵۣһλ޸ɱ֮Ҷ˵ϡ

ﲻϵĴϢţҶѪ߰ߣϵ˺۸ӵҡ
һָȫնϣؼ˺ѷϵǰƣԼɼѪ䶯۾γѪҺ
ҶΪǱһΣ˵ϮҲûܵơ
ȺˣߵĵȼŴͨĵزΪµǣԷĲԺҽһⲫսģȺ
Ҷ̲סĽһ
ľһɴһ㣬Ҷ治ϵĽ
Ҷһεʵ̫ˣΪۻƽʥľ磬ʮĶԼľٸһҲġ
ڵĳ̶ȣҲһˣҿԶԸǴͨڰǿˣֻǲ֪ͨھǿ߻һô̬ĳ̶ȡ
΢΢˼֮УϵľѧķѾڿʼת
һδεת֮УҶٴεĸоϢ
ž
ߡ
Ϸһ죬Ҷ̲סʹ߼
ľ֧֣ҶȻϵ˼ȴҲٵĻָ˹
ϵǱӣڵϵҶ̲סһֿЦĳ嶯
ЬƣñƣϵơЦңЦҡ
ľԵĺڵǷϵĸҶ建վ
²ûдĻƺǵһذɡԵһʮļˣһؾ˵ĹѪҵڶأҪ飿õģⲻڴӵ𣿡
ϵ͹ˡ
һĵͻȻĳҶı
ë

ֽߣ׵裬緢˪
ųҶ˷·˴̼һĳűնɱ˹ȥ
ιιι
һžŵ̲סķ˳
ϣ
һӰֻһ׵ľ롣
طҶȴֹͣǰİĻ국Ҷ̲סһ鴤

ʮУ
˵ҶǰΪһĻ국ҶԵĻıԼ뷨ǰѾĲ
忴ȥǿ࣬ȴߣҲһӣֻǿطĻԷҲһͨˣѾϣ䱦װȴԵٴεĳһ鴤ĸо
صĵۣ貵ǳâķװԴ
һȴǶһصģԼĿԿһɱϢת
һ۾Ҷ֮󣬱㲻ϵĳҶ쿴ȥµµתͣҪжôĹ죡
һ˫۾Ҷ췢ģΪ۾Եû֮һ
㡭Ǳ񣿡
Ҷ̽ʵ


1263 ģ
Ȼ˵ҶҪӶԷõԼҪĴ𰸣ȴֺǲϣԼǴ𰸡
ӵʵ̫ĿӵˣҶ쵨Ҷ췢ģһʵ̫ĿӵˣûνӢᣬȥκεһ˵ģǵǰıĳǰ֮Ҷ컹̲סĸоԼ౻ݺݵײһ¡
Ǵ˵֮У޵ǿǿߣȻǰļһ
ݺ۳ң˫ԽﵱϺ΢һǿߣ
Ҷ˵ļⶼڳ鴤ǵǰһ۾ԼļһҶʵһҪӵ뷨
ô˱֮ǲǸо൱ļ
ļһЦ˵ЦݣҶ첻֪ΪʲôȻ뵽Լǰǿ֮һʡ򣡣
רŵȥСĲ壡
ô㣿
Ҷ̲סĽе
Ϊʲôң
ϼĴ˼µЦݣٴε˵
񵱳˵ˣҪĻֻεһαǽǰλܸˣһ㣬ĳ൱ĺðһǱûˡ
Ҷüͷݺݵ
˵ǽȺܻˣȴֵĻڸҡԭĸȫĶǰ׷ѣ
뵽ӵһҶʱһҪѾĲڵϣȻݺݵض弸ŵĳ嶯
ٺٺ١ȻǱģǺεȵĴڣÿ춼ôæµʱȥЩݲһСﰡ˵СӰǺ˵ġ
һȻӣһһ֡Һܿ㡯ıڳҶ˵
ð
̲סкݺݵرһѾģҶǿеĽҪ˵ĳ嶯ѹﻺ˵
ȻѾҵˣҺǺ棬ܹʲôң
ž
һ糯Ҷȥ
ˡ
סǰ֮Ҷжʱһ
һ֮ɫģĹ·ÿһŴ̬ҶϸϸĿȥԸо·֮Уƺ̲ĳİһ㣬
񲻵ò˵Ǻܺð
϶̲ס¶һĨ֮ɫĿҶ죺
񵱳һָΪ֣еһӵ䣬ȥȥеһǽõһ֮УһڱУ֣ȱκεһ֣㶼޷õһģȴû뵽Ȼ֮ãõеһӱеõ˵
еһҶ̲סĽе

ĵ˵ͷ
ǵģǺĻ֪ģһµĴԪ磬һǿɵ磬ٺٺ٣Ȼˣڵĳ̶˵Ĳ˽⵽ģǵΪǿһ֮һˣǱϲɣԲŻ˴ԪԦһ֮С
Ҷкݺݵ˼֣˵赭дӣȴԸоûôļ򵥻
ȷֻΪ𣿡
һ֣Ҷ̲סʵ
ٺ١ⶼ㿴˰
̲ס¶ԵЦݣЩ˼˵
ô˵أһΰˣΰˣվҪʵģΰ֮ˣȴҲûаѵһ㣬ˣǸԪ֮Уĳв١
üͷݺݵҶ̲סĿѾģ
ƺû˵صɣ
ԣҶҪץˣһֻһѣԼ˺ȴҲı䲻˶ٵġ
ðɣˣǺɣһС椸ˣȻˡ
ۡ
ҶһѪĳ嶯ˣ
ô˵ĻһֱһҲôļˣ
֪ΪʲôҶһҪ뿪뷨
ٺٺ١ȻˣС椿һλ˰ºֻȥһΣˣںͱ۵ĶأȻ˵ǱݺˣأǲҪһĺڹôѪ飬һεĴսУһǸˣлĻҪ
ҶһתľҪ뿪
ҲǰСӣôĲӰ
û뵽Ҷ쾹Ȼ˵߾߰
ǲӣѾ˵ľûм˵ģʵôǿ󣬸ҪȥҲŲ˵ļ򵥻οһѰһǵöôѣӲҪ˵㱳϶ĵˡ
Ҷ˵߾ߡ
˵Ȼˣ֪εʹ㼴ǴɣûĹעĲҪʹõġ
ž
ҶĽŲ΢΢һ٣Ǻܿȴ¶һ˿Ц
һȻǿ󣬵Ƕ˵㲻ʲôϾҪսµĴԪĻȫĿһȥ뵽յľ硭
˵ĺСӣĺܣΧǳ磬ĴԪ磬Ҫս뵽µ磬ܹ·ǿյ·ɲе򵥻ģȴֻҪ㽫ˣ൱һ·꣬һ¼·꣬ԼԦɻȥ
ȵȡ
Ҷкݺݵһ
漴Ŀű񣬻˵
˵ܶĴԪ磿
¶˵ɫ˵
ǱģЩ˾緶ΧĴԪ磬һ㣬㲻ϵĵͼ磬ɶȥģ
˫ֵٵĻ裬һϵĻʼչֳ
ϵĵгì衢¡Ϊͼڵĵ۹
һĻҶ֮йϻĵഫ˵Ӱ
طǷȥ
ҶȻǿеİסּϵı飬ȴչ˳
طҵ񰡣ô֪ط
·ǼһĿҶ죬ƺǼƺڵӣһ޷ڸǵ𾪡
ط֪ǲ֪
Ҷ̲סĽеĹҶĸҪصһط½ھﵽʲô̶ȣȴվĸ
Ǹط̫ı䡢̬ˣԭıͼһȥģ֣Ԫǽһ㰡Ҵ䱦˵ص챦䰡мһصķ򣬵ǱҲԶָĽǸ㶨ԭǻΪȫĿ԰ռģû뵽ֲ鷢ˡ
˵ʱ򣬱϶ڴһ־ɫ


1264 䱦
Ȼأ
ҶѾ𽥵ĽԼϢʼƽǲϣǰļһʲô
ȻȻǺֲܿǹҼΪֲһˣһλĴȻĳ֣ڷ֮󣬾Ȼʼŭ·ǹףֲգһֻ֣Ȼ˺һƬգ쵽֮⡭
˵ʱ̲סĿʼ¶һ˿ӺͿ־壬ԭһ۾ѵõĿʼЩЩҶôΪģʱı֪ҶĻƵһ뷨ǽҶһƵ
꣬Ⱥ쵰ȽϵĻǲһɢһƬأһƽǳ˺˾ʯһ㣬ݺݵسǴ㹻Ľضһ
ߣȻһȺ׳գ֪Ⱥһʲôʱڽ뵽ǸģܹӦòǸʱûˣ
˵
ǹǱΪǱһˣһſŵʯҪһֻת˲֮ѣļѾȻĴ˺üǿȻ籾߼ȴԵĴˣҪ˵ıʯˣǺʯײ̫ʧģȻ⻹Ϊµһ㣬ΪµĻں棬ǿʼˣʼˣû뵽ǣԷȻ˺˿ռ䣬˲ĳǵǰһ֮˺ǵ
˵֮ı˶ʼЩˡ
ȻһβõĻ䣬ʵĿʼȥֵĻ䡣
ãƴżѵ赲ǳɹ뿪Ӧǿ¼һ׷ɱǸ֮дһεʱ֮󣬱ҲˣȻЩ챦ӣȴǿһԵʽֲܿٶȺǿǿ֮󣬸ǿԽһѹסֿס١˳ʱĹ۲죬֪Ⱥ˵֣Ǳ֮Ϊʿңλ߸ϣҲа֮ķ硭
ƽϢһԼеּ¶ٴε˵
ʿȻ˵λˣͨȴŽܵϵƺǺܽ˵˵ЩĵǣǵúܴǲǿʿǣΪܹȡЩˣԵȥԵݣȥƿһ۹Ǻ⵽ΪʲôУǵǣƺǶͷ˵ͼǳݣͼҲǶԴΪ׼˵Сӵô֪䡢̬ռڵģѵ˵ȥܵģʵԵ޷ġ
ҡҡͷ˵
ҶаԵһϲԵĻֻҪԦνԼͿٴεĻصԼȥӵĿɵȥеġ
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ԣ̲ס¶һĨŹֵЦ⣺
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ܼ򵥵ģҪ뵽ҵУ˵һûȻˣһﱾҲˣΪؼһҪúõȥѵһĳЩˣȻǸˣһݺ񣬱ǾԲô˵ģ
˵ʱ򣬱Ϻ¶һĨɫ
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Ҷûѡֻѡ˴ӦϾһϣòԼռ˲ٵıˡ
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Ҫһ־ʯ⾧ʯΪʯټģҪĽ뵽ǸĻҪľʯǿµ˼£ϵľʯˣֻһˣԣҪԼȥѰҡ
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ȿȿȡ
Ҷӵһ̲֮סһĿΪڸǡ
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޳ܣǾԵ޳ܣ
а㹻ıκεһҵǸУҪһ޴Ҫĵı޷ݵģõȫĿԽһиֲģأ
ϴһ˿εЦ˵
֮ۻչҶ콫Ŀ׼ǰѾġ
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ȻģһϿ϶Ǵĳ־˵ıȴû˵Ҷ̲סĿʼһĪıӣ
ΪԭŵеϾʹһѣЩô࣬õĻεܹõеһ㻹˼˵ҵģʣµһ˵ıֳֻǸеһ֣ڻ˼˵ң
ҶıԽıĿĺԣŲһûıء
СӰҲ֪ı׾ݵĺܣ
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һ㱦Ȼ֣ȴҲһ֮ȻԼԼĺˣҾǿҪϵһɣ
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·˴̼Ұèһ㣬ûб
ιιιʲôѵ˵һﶼ᲻ãֻһѣܿľҪɢˣѲɵ㻹㽫⹬ȴԵˣ
һȻͨ飬ʵϻǿȥԱջġ
˵ӣͷ·һίСһ㡣
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Ҫң㶼Լĳˣںıﲻɣ
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СӡõĲҪҵ㣬ĻһҪʹһ٣
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Ҷǡ޳ܡҪ£ڵ¶ɫ
Сӣõİȵ㣬һ䱦


1265 ɱ

ﻺ˵
ϵıޱȵɫӣ̬Ȼⲻһ䱦㹻ݵ

Ҷüͷ΢΢һ֣Լļ䣬Ȼȫûӡ
Сӣһұǿ׷ЩǿߣЩһǿˣº֪еЩˣĴ˵Ҳһֱǿţ
ƺǿҶ뷨˵
ٺ٣һ֮Իһ棬ҲΪر̫ĺЩ˵ȫŲϵģ
֪ǴҰοأԭ򣬴ʱıƺķһ
Ĵ˵ĻƺǺǿ󣬵ôоƺǶԴ˲Ǻأ
һǿҶ컹Щһﵽʲôˡ
ϻⲻҪ𣿡
̲סıֿڽе
ðɣðɡ㵹ó
ҶεĿŶԷüͷ˵
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һ޴ѪȻĳҶͱ֮䣬ֲϢ֮£صһȫƿ濪ʼ˲㾪˵ĲˣֲĲˣҶ춼ʼоһǿҵв
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飡
צ˺ѣȻһǿѹȸУռ֮УѪɫ⻪ʼ˸ϡ

ϴɫգ˫ֵľ߶һԴСķģĴ߶ϵļǿٸǿʼӿ
ļҶ춼޷ԷǴ˶ٵӡǡ
Щģ·ǹע˾ȻγһѸٵĿʼƵУѪΧ
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תѪȻϣĹļӳ£ԷһзͽͣϸֵĿʼС

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ӶҪɳˣԭҪҶסԷҲǹҪҶģû뵽ҶڽסԷȻûܵ˿谭
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ε̬ƴСȴ·һֻɽͻһ㣬ſֲɷ˲ı㿪ʼоһֵӵζ
Ҷȴо֮󣬸оһӿϣûио˿ѹ֣෴
ȿȿȡû뵽㾹ȻôͿշ˴ѵŽһѹġȿȿȣ
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Ҷĵ˵ͷȻҲ֪еĹؼ⣬Ҫֵȥá
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һһ֮ԺҪúõĽύһ
뵽һﲻ֪ĸԪҶ̲סһֵĽԵĻҲҪԼŮˣĴԪ֮ȴճ䣬Ц˼̬ǺԵģڻʱ
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͡
һȻҶ壬һ·һߣߣת˲֮УҪҶ˶иΪƬһ㡣
ͻȻı仯ҶһĽӲƺǱŴһ㣬վ


1266 
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ģѾû˿ģѪƿ
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С㻹ǴԲѣΪԼϵľѧ͸䱦ӵһĲҵĶ֣ľ绹죬Ǵͨǿߣ̫߳ˣ
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ҶһڶԷŵЦ֮УѪɫħȴȻһֻצ֮ĻץȥβͷţݺݵسѪĻϣǺȴû˿ĸı䣬צ䣡
飡
һץ֮£飡
ۡ
һѪ̲סĴӵϴ޷ŵɫԭ൱󣬵ȴһ̵ʱ֮󣬾Ȼ˵ĸı䣬Ĵ̲סһɬ

쳹
ӵĶ߲ϵĻ졣
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һȭ裬ȻǲĵĿʼ
ҵǰʩչȭڰŪ
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мĵѣγһѲϵĺۼΧʼӳ
ȭԭˣ֪ݣǴڵˣ
ҶűĲĴ˳


1267 ħ
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ۡ
ѪǲҪһĴӵϸӵǴ޷ŵɫڿҶ죬·û뵽Ҷ쾹Ȼ˵ʵӵû뵽ԼᱻһɱѵԼĽ
ӱһ˲õǿߣڸǵõϵĴУȻʵҲﵽ˾ľ磬ԭĵܹҶϵģȴû뵽ҶʵȻӵĿ¡
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˵꣬һ˫Ŀʼøҫ˸֮У̰Ĺ⻪ʼøӵļҡ

Ҷ΢΢һΪʿļһӦÿԺԼڵʵԵֿסģۻƽʥѹס
Ҷǰսսﵽһľ磬Ȼڶ̶̵ʱ֮ڣҪȥҪǲϵսս
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Ϊӣ㿪ʼ׷ɱһλ㲻ǶֵǿߣԲвŻ顣
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𡭡
һţһ޴ĺɫ󣬻֫޴βҡڣͬһаӣضʼ飬޴ͻĿϣÿһεĿϣ̰ĽΧһг׵ɵꡯ֮ϵ쳹֮оȻǶԷռıڲ㶼ʼȥ
㣿һССѵνа
ҶЩȻܿ¶˲мЦ
ħƺһֿµħޣΪħҲһ൱ǿĴڣħѪֻһ˿ѪͼаԳƣ㹻ĲҪ
ڣˣˣһαһҪϵĸѧϵıҵ
͡
䡭
˵ģʿѾȻó֡
Ӷ壬Ȼ˿˿ơ
ħĻʼŭ𣬾޴ͷ·ҪҶ˳׵˺ѵһݺݵס
Ҷ˿Ĳ壬ӶԼǷ⻪ȭͷֱӵĳȥ
Էħȭײһ
ȭȭĿռݻ˵ƣΧһжɲǼ仯촷ۡ
䡯һʿ徹ȻǿеĴ˳ȥ
ϴ˿˿ľ֮ɫȻû뵽ԼڵʵǿʮֹϢϸӵĿ񱩵ĺܣҶƾʲôܹԼԿ
ϵǿᣬҪԼģʵȻǿ󣬵ȴǾħģħһ㣬ıͼ֮˱΢뷨ȻҴȥɣ
ҶЦһĺ
ƴԭͲ¹˭ӵĲҪ˵ڵﵽһĳ̶ȡ
߱ħǳ֮֮֮֮ͳһıħ趯ȭȭ
䡭
һȭӶħ趯Ҷ̤߲ʼ񱩵жһȭصĺɱ˶Էǰ
һ޴Ѫʼγɡ
ɡ
Ҷ쵭ĺȵ
ǿǲһħò׵Ĳųεܹױɱ
һаȻĳ֣ƬҲһͻأĳʿϡ


1268 ͻƵĸӦ

Ҷ΢΢һȻǰУ߲ʼ̤㣬ǰȴݺݵһ̳֡
߱񽣾ƥĽǿеĴ߶֮£ݺݵѹ

ԪŶۺҶԸо׵֮еƺǶһĴΪǿģ
Сӣˣҹɣ
ʿϴŷɫ
ƾȻݺݵسҶİк˹ȥ
֮ϣԭָȻʼ˴ƬƬ
ÿһƬİΧ
ƬƣۣȴԵĲ۵ǰʥʹ
ϣ
Ҷİǿеĳ֣ԭնڶԷϵĳʱȻڰ·ϱһڸסˣ
һаĺɫʿȻ˾˵ĸı䣬µƬԭϵĸı䣬ȴ·һ㣬
Ƭһۿȥ̲סĲһ־ĸо
㲻ʿ죡
Ҷһ۱жϳ˶Էݣ֮۴ſ˾ĵĹ⻪˸ʱʿϣѾһаħӰ
һаɫ۾ĳҶ쿴
֮ϵһ޴ħԽ
ᡭ
ҶԺ֮Уʣ
Ȼʿ죬ȻһţǸһȴҲһʮĿƣԷԵڵõϵĺô֮ȴֻǵõˡҲˡ򡱣
ڣħѾڿʼѰҪġ򡱣
͡
Ų̤㣬һµȷ磬ħȻʱʼѡ˳֡
µľгµ磬ӵıղŵٶҪֹĵز
ϵļ⣬ÿһ磬ƺɢ˾˵ǿĻߣŶԷʩչͬħչֳ˾˵
ҶȻȶԷĳ֣ڴʱȴû˵ӣ֮սûк¹κεһˣӵĲҪ˵ǰһıԴûȫںһ
ΪֲҲ޷˽뵽ĵز
һȭȥһȭޱǳ޹⣬ʧɫ𵴣
ӡȭ󣬷Ļػ
䡭
ֻһжѣ
ħ壬ʱ˳ȥ
ΧǷһıҶȴû˿⣬ֻںͶԷϵس֡

ϣ
ĽӴı죬죡
֮ϣʼŷ
ħϿΧߴմ˵£֮һֻһ㣬еһжʼ÷飬Ϊ촷ۡ
ɽʼλʼŷ𣬻濪ʼ緢
ȭȭӡ죡
Ҷȭͷ·һתʯſֲĹ⻪ǳ֮Ϊ׵֮ΪдŸںһһȭӶȥնڿʼƲϡ
Ǿ˵ٶȣͬ˸
ħɫ䣬ȫû뵽Ҷ쾹Ȼ˵ľˣֻһ˲ʱ̣һȭֱӵĺɱϡ
䡭
ֱӱеħһľޱ䣬ǿֲȭֱӵû˿ɬĴϡ

֮ϣٵĳֳһˣص׶ڲķ۳ſµɳʯɵʮ֮ϡ
涼ڷڣþõûƽϢͷ·ǱĽһ㣬ˮļû˿ͣЪ

ħϴž㵵ɫһħҲڷŭ
˿˿ϣȭͷϣϵطʼֳһû⣬ֻĿҶ졣
ϻ˸̰ɫҶʮǴռе
µҶԿȻ˵ĳ̶ȣСӣò˵ʵѾﵽһ˵ĵزһУҶҡõľģҾôõʱ䣬εܹ
˵䣬ٴεͣ
ԽǿȴҸӵҪõ׳յֱʯͽĶԱȣ֮Ĳ࣬ԽĸоһĴڣֻҪǵõҿԽµģʱ򣬱ڸӵĿ£

ԷʳһҶ̲סһߣŭӣ˭ʳ¶ᵭġ
ֺһֻƣ·һ⻪ɽһ㣬ʱҶתԼһƴ˼µȻûжȫƣҶȴԿ϶ӦԷ
ְ£һƬأ޷Ϣʼݶ
𡭡
ˡ
ħŭޱߵȻķȥʵһĴ
ԭޱǿʱʼøӿֲ
ͬһ磬һ⣬˸ϣһƬʼ¡ָץסգ·ץסʵһ㣬žֻƵķ϶֮УȻ˿˿ɫѷ졣
ǶԷڴﵽ˼֮ľ
𡭡
ٴεŭһħԵĸо˴ʱҶڷıԼһƵȻܹˡ
ϵƬʼʵһ㣬Ĺ⻪ħһа񣬳
һβͷĳָ֣˼צӣʱ˵һˣ˵һֻħޣһֻѾ˲˹ħޡ
ָ棬ĺɫ⻪˸צ·һĿֲ
̶ֳȵңҲֻڽǴڵˣȫĻɱ֮󣬲Żе̬Ǹʱҽеֿҵˣȫȥڵ㣬ӵҪҾȫȥԴˣ԰ˣ
ħѾʼʳ˿˿ĿˮʱѾħԿ쳣
ߣʵΪ컯ص컯˲޲޵̬εܹ˽⵽ϵȻҵǰҷ
䡭
һӰ˸ɫӰȻıƽһɫ˫ĿȻʱҶǰ¶һĨЦݣ
ڵңٶʮֹˣ
צݺݵץסҶֱۣצһ㣬ݺݵسҶֱۿȥ
ߡ֪ĶҶսΪʧĵط
ҶЦֹĺ
֮ϵƣݺݵذ
顭
ԭڵ֮еħû뵽Ҷ쾹ȻԲ׽ٶȣʱһӡűӲĺɱԴϡ
ʮӳ֣
˸Ҷĺ
顭
Ǿ޴аԴʱըɹ
ɫ֮дŽɫɫѪķ˳ȥ
ɡ
Ҷٴȵ
ڶԷ޷ź;֮УȻĺɱüĺ̫Ѩ
ۡ
Ѫķ֮УԷһԴҶӲŤ
Ҳʱ򣬿ռ֮оȻ춯Ĺ⻪˸ǿеסҶ塣
ͻƵϢǼҪͻˣ
ҶһȻľ


1269 ŭ
һ󣬴ײϵĸ֮ϣǷ·ΪʼĴ˳ֲѹ涼ʼѹƵĹ
ôµľ룬˵ĻȴԲ㾪˵ЧԵȥ󵽣صܹﵽһεĳ̶ȡ

ɳƵ͵ĳҶǰ
ħĻȻ˵һӶʱǻǳĺɫѸٵĻۣſµɱַ֮ҶԴ棬˲ѹƣҪҶȫĽΪĩ
ߡڤ粻
Ҷȵ
ָſʥĹ⻪ʼ˸һֻɫĴѸٵǵذ
ҫ֣֮
飡
Ǿ˴£ɱȴ޷κҶ챾
ʱħ֮ϵǹҲޱȵľ
˵ô˵һᣬһԽСӳ׵ĻɱĻᣬСС֣֮ҲҪסҵĽҡƣ
ħŭһβʼȥ
ӺǳβݺݵشҶҫֲ֣֮ʱ顣
һ̣ԭҶӰλãȴѾǿһˣ

һࡣ
ҶֳذףݺݵسĲƻȥ֮Уı塣
ʲôʱ򣿡
ħ̲סľ
ݣ
оҶħȻĿʼ¡
֮ۡ
ҶЦźȵ
֮۵ǰһеöƳµֻʵ
֮εĵֿ
֮֮Ҷ춼ȥ׵ǣӵĲҪ˵ڵħˡ
͡
ذ׳̣˲˶ԷĻ󣬿ֲ廯֮ˣǿе˺ѣ

ħĺ
ҶȻһ˿Ļˡ
һ֣ռĳ֣ӰƺһĿ񱩣ʱҶڵõ֮˻ɷϲĿ񱩡
ž
һҶ֮۳׵Ķɱ֮һ֮ҶѸٵȥ
ҶҪһѶϢ
ʿ֮ԻҵԼԭҲ˽⣬ԭʿ죬ֻһ߼ĵӣȻҲǿ󣬵ǸʮҲȥҶģ֮Уȴһء
һ¶аħԷӡ£Ǵڻûг֮ǰѾʿһλԵɺµõħĴС
ǿջ£ȻģʿԭصҰĿʼȼˡ
ǿΪ֧֣ȻѡߴߣһеȻҲħڱûаʲôģпһ׵ıõԼ
ǴھĻ֮ʿٴεĵ˹ҶϢ뵽ԼڵʵˣẦǺѡ˳ֱӵҶ֮Ҳڵħ˿µĳ嶯
ߡֶΰ
Ǽ֮гֵļӰҶѾԿ϶ˣȷʵҹսˣĳԼλߵҹᡣ
ԵĲֻǶһˣ˵˹Լ顣
ϵıֻһ˶ˣҹᣬǲԼߵɱңڻҵѶϢɢҳΪһһ㣬ϵıһȺ蹷׷ȴ֪ҲӣǶɹˣɹеŭ⣬һ֪ҷŭĺô
֮ϣǲϳֵĻҶһ΢
һѹ֣ҶȻ൱ģԼͻڼԵģһεͻ֮УϵĴ٣һεĴ٣Ҷȴʱͻơ
Ҫģҹᣬڱң
Ҷһ˲Ҳˣңضǧٱķģҹ᲻ֻһεĴӰݺ׷ɱԼеŭѾﵽ˼£ɱɷƵĿʼ
֮ϵҶ콫ԼͻƵĲѹ֮£ɢҶ˫Ŀɺȴʼø⾪ˣ
͡
Ӱʼ˸Ҷ챳չɱ·һƬһ㣬ǿĴһա
ҹս壡
Ϊʥ֮УΪǿĹ֮һҹսĵλĪӰģΪʥӵҶҹս壬ӵʹҹսˮǴߣλҲ漴Ŀʼǡ
Ҳǵòٵ˿ʼýһЩеȵļ壬ʼѡԵȥҹսã׳䱦һЩ֮ԻȡҹսĺøС
ҹսȻǿᣬȴҲһָġ
λĳϺǣͬһط
λȻҲҹսֱϵѪΪ׽ȴҲԼڡ
Ϊ֮һҹᣬѪΪӴ֮һ
ǿʹҹһĺܣ᲻νǼҳ㷹ҸӿµǣԷĵǣڼԼҹսڣĳϺǴڣ»ǻһֱң

һλ̲סĴһǷԼ۾ŴԼ߾һλˣ̲סĳһ˿⣺
ģСүڵѪƾʲôҪСүŵ֮˰
Ѿ磬׵Ĺâ˸ϣȻ˺ٵ¡
ˣ˰ɣʱǷǳʱڣҹսҲǺǸɱ˿ħϮ
һλ̲סֹ֮ȴҲԵĴһ˿
߰Сӵռ˱ˣȴǸʲô
̲סٴߵ
ԭվһʮˣ˴˵ıԹ֮Ҳ˵ı飬Ǿʱ˵ȴݺݵһһɿµĺƺǻĴԶ˹


1270 
ϢĿ£ô£
λӵɫĸı䡣
˵ıϢԼһɱϢӿ
ÿµϢѵҪ仯˲ɣ
˿ʼ̧ͷȥ֮ϣһɫϵĿʼ֮УһɫϿգɱϢеĸӿ¡
һӰ
һλͻȻָԶ˵ӣ̬Ǵ˿˿ĵ֮ɫ
ΪҹսĵӣȻҲһ;ģѰ֮£ǲ˿ĵ֮ɫ
ڣһӰȴ̲סľ˳
ֻԶһӰһƻʵĲȲǰ
ǷҲڳҹս
ȻȴĲڶԷϣɢһɾ춯صϢϢ˼£濴ȥû˿ƻǶԷÿһεȴ·һ㡣
ŶԷ̤㣬ÿһεĶõ֡
Ҫôµſǿĸı䣿
˵ɫʼı仯˵̬Եǵзѣ뵽Щ֮ǣʱĿʼв
졭ȥƿǣ
ڵĿʼӦ˹ĺ
䡭
ȻĲ·һֻ޴ĺɫһ㣬֮Уһ׹˸
¡¡
׵Ŀ񱩣һ׵֮УҲ漴쳹
ž֣׵ĹҲʼԵøǿ
˸׹⣬ƺȾ˼£׵Ĺâ涼ʼ˳˸Ĺ⻪֮УȻҲһӰ˳
ֲĹ⻪֮£Ӱӿʼ˵ǰ
ڿһӰ˲䣬е̲סһ㵵ɫ
Ϊ˺ᣬɫĳѩһ
һɫ
ɺɫӲϵ˸˵âеı䲨ϵĴͷųһɹɵĺ⣬ƺȫǴ֮ͷųһ㣬žɷ
ƺЩ찡
ǰ죬⾿˭
˵һľȣܿ໥ѯ
ʥӡʥӣʥҶ찡
ͻȻ˾
ܿе˿ʼķӦ˹
ɫĳۣѩɫĳƮѩģɺɫӣͬǹӵ޲еǸˡʥҶ죡
һ˰
˿ʼ׷׵
˵ÿµĸоĶԷϢѾ㹻ĲһЧˣĳʵĲǴİ
ǰǰ̬Ѿ㹻Ǻˡ
֪Ҷ֮Ҳ漴ĳһ
ǼȴҲʼоĲԾˡ
ǰҶ죬־ıϢҲ˵ùȥϴŵһɾɷͿɱ⣬ȴԲһ򵥵顣
ž
΢΢һ٣Ҷ˫Ŀ΢΢ǰһ޴Ľ΢΢Ц
νҹս壬ľûκεĹУȻҹǺҹߣάҲǿļֵϣĻҶ൱ӭԼĽ־ûʲô³
ҹᣬһΣǵ˸úúõˡ
Ȼ̤㣬Ҷ·һµħһ㣬ռ֮Уû˿ټֻں֮˵ǰ
˻
˵ٶȣеˣ̲סһ
þ˵ٶȡ
ȻȣȴĽе
ӭ쳤ϣ
ҶǱҹⶨĳϣҶ䣬εᣬȴҲû˵һġ
ҹ
Ҷüͷ𣬻˵
˻ҹҹڻڱչ֮Уλڡ
Ǳʻ꣬Ͱ͵˵
ôĵӰȻֱҹ䣬ҹս壬ҲǾ޽֮
ҶǳϵݣһӣȴҲ˵Ļ
漴Ľҹڵĵط˵˳

Ҷĵ˵ͷ
ȥ
ҹսΪĳ𣿹ȻǺô˵̬Ҳֻǿ߲Żӵаɣ
еӣ̲סĽе
ǰҾȻ˵ҿǴǿ߰ⳤҲǴΪƺǲ̫Щɡ
ߣ쳤ϣǿʥӣʥս֮Уɱǿߣʥ֮ĳŶϣЩνţնɱΪԷء
ܿ˷˵
ԾǲԾ쳤ϵǲԾԵĴһɿµɱ⣬ⲻҪ°ɣϿıڡ
ǻû£һɿֲɱȴȻĳ𣬱ɱ⾪˼£·ǳֳһһ̬֮նʼһƱǿе˺ѷֿ
áˣ
˵ɫı仯漴ٵĳķȥѰҹսƿǣҶ컹ҹᣬǿǵģһµĻǾˣ
˼ڱչ֮У㲻ܽ룡
վҶǰһλһ°˵
ҹµĵӣʵԴϴö㣬ǿٴε֮ɵġ
ҹĵͽΪҹǣȻ֪ҶݣҹǵûҶ죬Ȼ֪֮ҶһѶϢҲֻ˵ġ
һ֮ޣεǿ󣬵ȴҲԵ޷ԼǾ۷ǿ߶Կġ
ҲʹڿҶ֮У˿˿Ĳ֮ɫ
ȥȺ򣡡
ҶЦ˵
νĴÿһλƿӵеĹһټõģҶȻĿĳһڵԼֻҪһﻹܹԼѵʲô̶ȡ
У
ҹͻȻĺȵ
̬ϸǷת
֮Уλ֮⣬ˣܽУҲûʸ񣡡
Ҷ˫ĿȻҹǣЦ˵
ʲôʱˣô֪
Ȼҹս֮Уʱ䲻ҶվɱٵҹսĵӣĹأ֪Ĳ٣ЩȻҲйصģѰĵӲܹ룬ǳս񹬵֮⣬Щȴǳϼƿǿġ
ԷǾڹĵ
Ȼ֪һΪʲôԼ⣬Ҷȴǡǡϲо
ΪҪľЧе⣬ȴҲԳΪֵˡ

һɱ֮Ȼı
ֲʵʵɱ⣬ʱĽΧһг׵ĸһ
ҹȻһ콾ϵľѧΪ˸ǺţǺҶȽϣҲֻһǾΪѣҶеޣ֪١


1271 ɱǣ

ַ·ƾճֵһһ㣬ƺƵĴݶΧһпռ䶼Ϊ֮һ͡
ҹǵɫ䣬һ̵ĺʼЩǿ
԰ɫɫ޲˵ţʱеĵѾﵽһô˵ĳ̶ȡ
ô£
ÿµϢ
ɱ񱩣˭ҹսƣѲɲ֪ҹսǷͷʢɣ
ĵӿʼ׷׵ĳ֣˵ϴߵı飬ֳ޾ɱ⡣
ǵҶ챾֮е޲ĵһ
˵Ͽʼҵı仯
쳤ϡ
ҹսΪĳϡ
ֻҹս壬Ҳһʥս֮ΪǿһλʥӣͳλʥӣλԺǿ߶Կǿ֮ϣ
סǲǴ𣿡
ҹǣҹڵĵӣһֱܳ谮鷳ˡ
ΧվţȴٵĻѡǰߵʵݵλѰ֮˿ȥмסģʱȻѡ˳Ĭ
Ѫһķӿҹǵɫʱʼޱѿ
ô˵ǰҹǱҶһŭ⣬ȻȵĿʼ¶˵ӵɫеŭ˲Ŀʼ˼¡
ԭĵ漴Ŀʼķһַŭͷ
Ҷ졭㾹ȻҹڵĵϣĿͣ㵱ΪԼǳϣͿΪΪ˲ɣѾ㣬ڱչˣȴһıȣΪҹսҶ²ɣ
һȴֻڽҶݱ¶˿û˵飬ղŵΪȫڸȥ̬ӣڽҶ벻Ҳ壬һΪĵز
ȻĻ£ҵı׷׵Ŀʼ仯
߱Ͼĳ̶ֳϣܵ˹עġ
ҹǽ˵ϣҲҪҶ˵һλѲŰΪΪ̬֮Ǳ飬ɫ޲Ǵŷŭӣ·ǱҶѹƵ˼£ԸĲȥġ
Ҷüͷ΢΢һϴŲмЦ֮ɫ
СֶΣǶڳ˵ҲˣǶ˵ȴ㲻ʲô
Ҷ˭
һŵ˵ʬ壬ߵ˽յ̶ȵģǰһöˣ޳֮ʤ޳ˣʶĶˡ
ˣ⡣
Ȼǲ⣬ȴҶ첻
ž
һݺݵس֡
ĳ֣ʱҹǵ϶һޱӡ
һƣǽһǿҹǵգ˲Ŀʼ

˻
ǵʱĳ˿ռڡ
еˣĳҶ쿴˹ȥ
û뵽Ҷ쾹ȻĻѡ֡
ȻҶһλϼҹս֮Уҹǵݣȴ൱ĸ߹ΪҹҵӣݿνˮǴߣҪ˵ҹսĵˡ
ЩǿݵҹսĳǣҹǱֳ۰мӵӣϾɮ濴棬ǱضҪҹǱҹһӵġ
Ҷ쾹Ȼ˵֣ͳ֣ӣڹ˼ҹӣ
쳤ϣôܹ֣
ǰ鷳ˣɮ濴棬һƲֻǴҹǵˣǴҹڵϰ
ͷ̫ʢˣ
â¶һ°
˵Ҷûȥ⣬ЦֹĿҹǡ
ʱҹǵѸٵһĳ̶ȣһѪ㹻ԤҶղŵĳǺεȵľ˺Ϳ¡
㾹Ȼҳң
ҹǵ
ž
ٴεһƣҶ쾫ͨռ֮ȻǴǿߣȴǿ߻Ҫ£һδεս֮УѾ𽥵ĽԼϵʵ׵Ŀʼ۷Ĳˡ
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Ҷ˵裬ҹڵ̲סĿʼŭ
֮ϣ磬ʱҹǽҪıըˡ
ΪһǿߣһڣҹĴˣݺ͵λʵһָһȵ뷨ЩǣȥںҶεܹͬ
ߡССĵӣҲҪҶԿ·ϣǳϣѵ㣬Ҫ㲻ɣ
ҶЦ˵
Ҷ죬ڵģһڣ׵ĺڣ
ҹǵĺ
ԴöȻ˸˾춯صĲƣߵ⻪˸Ȼ˼£Ȼ˸һ춯صϢ
µħߡ
ɫĻ𶾴ߣ
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ɫߣ
ɫĹҫߣ
ԼĦڭߡߡߣ
ߣÿһֶſֲĴ˵ҹǣȻٻߵĻԵһſµľѧѧ֮жҶо˿˿
Ȼǲͬ죡
ߣҶüͷ΢΢
ħ󰡡
һ˲õľѧҪϵȥϹߴħߵϢϵĴĦſԴﵽʩչ
ǰǰ˵ǴˣħѹλǾǿ߰ǳεȵ׳ۡ
λҲ˵ģǴˣܹ򵽴ͨΪݺ޵һе֣һǿ߶Ҫȥá
ǻ֪ɣǴˣѾλĳ϶Կˣʤһλϡ
˵ٴεĴݳҶǡᡱ̬ѾλӵĲ
ҪΪҶȻǿܣҶ챾˱ϾһλѪֱϵӣҲˣһΪѪȥ
Ҽ֮Ҳһ档
Դϵߵ㣬ǱǴ֮еħ۰ɡ
ҶЦ˵
ߣҶ죬ȻΪϣȴҲܹ˵ķұѹ㣬ɱ㣬Դ㣬ȥΪеĵӣɣ
ҹǵĺ
ħ߷趯һֻֻͫϵɢаĲ
ҡƣ
ҶЦź
ָһ㼴ţ
һָȴ·һһ㣬޴ħ߻Ӱѹ˹ȥ
䡭
󣬷ӿضڲﶼڷڣֻգ۵ʱѣ˭Ҳû뵽ҶһָȻᱬ˾˵
𡭡
ħĲҽһ
Ƭѣ

öҹǵԴĹѣѪۡ
ӣԵ⵽ش
ҹǣһٵҵԣĳΪҲҽΣգҵҪѹˣҹǲǻڱչز
Ҷ˵ưȻлܣնΪ
ס֣
ۼҶҪҹǱˣһͻأĴ
һӰ˸
ʱĽ
Ҫס֣Ҿ͵ס𣡡
Сɽž˵Ĺԣɫ⻪˸ͻأıݺݵѹ
Ҷ죬ҹڵĵӣ㵨ɱңںڹȥôĵӣڣ
ҹǵĴݳ
Ҷɫ䣬ϵϢӿֲŭ֮ŷ죬Ųһ̤㣬ƵٶԽľˣ
䡭


1272 սħӡ
ۡ
һ֣ҶƣѾ貵ǳ֮ǿеѹ˲֮УҹǵѾǿеѹΪһ⡣
ǿǳ֮ǺεȵĿֲ;ˣֻת˲֮жѣҹֿûУȫһ浹̬
Ҷǿᣬľ֮㹻תǬһеס
ڵҶ컹ûʩչԼɱﵣڵŵֻһȺϣССʩչǿ
ôĵӡ
һŭ𴫳һӰ˸
žʱΧĿռԵĳ˵·ͼѹĺۼ
Ϣϱ㹻Ľռ˺ѵ̶ˣԵ˵ʵ΢
һɫۣͷڣް룬޳̶ȣһ˫Ŀ·Сǳһ㣬˸Ĳź֮䣬Ŀһ˫Ŀ֮Уͷųľ
ʱһ˫Ŀȴ𽥵Ŀʼŭȼգڿ˵һ̲Ѫ֮󣬻ĹâһҪ緢̬
ôĵӣôĵӣ
ӵĺ
أƵ
Ҷ˫Ŀ΢΢ʶˣ˺֮仹һԨԴԨԴȴǺ飬ǾԵĳޡ
ҹ䣡
Ҷʥս֮Уɱλҹսĺĵӡ
Ҳһλż
ıǿ֧֣һλҹᣬһλĳϡ
ĳϣΪҹڿһλ˲õţʵǿᣬѾϵĴͨΪˡ
Ҳҹʵ֧ߣһֱ߹ν֮
˴ˣҶһ㵭⡣
ҹڿʲôɤŴ˲𣿡
Ҷ첻мЦһ
Ҷ죬Ϊϼȴ֪ҹսĹϸƣʥս֮У޼ɵɱ¾û뵽ڳΪʥӣҹս֮󣬸ӵ㵱ΪԼûƵס𣿡
ҹڿﻺ˵
죬Ȼ˵ķɱ֮ͬˣ⻹ڵĵӣһƣһ棬Ҫͽ䣬ͽ
һλϸ˻˵
ԹԼޱȿ϶˵ţһݲ͡
ҲҹǱɱ˲䣬ģҶٶ̫ˣڣûа취ֹס
ЦΪҹսĳϣҹΪһʥӣѲɵҵˣҾΪͬ壬ܹ𣿡
ҶЦֹĿŴˣ˵
ˣҶݣһһλΪҹãҲһλͨһǿߡ
Ϊ˿̱ĺܣҹȴһֱ𾴣֮ѪȽϵҹǵֱϵˡ
ҹǵȻҲˣҹöҶĺ⣬ﵽ۷塣
ҹûλƿأҹڿˣڿҶ֮У˿˿º̰֮ɫǲҹ׳գҶʵȻ޷˽ͨ͸ȴҲ˽ˡ
ҶսԻͣɱǿߣкܶ࣬Ƕȥ׵ǡ
ҹǣȻҹĴˣ޼ɵ豾ϣѲɣϣõȴϵȥ費ɣߣҪϣҵ鷳Ǵɲˡ
Ҷһӣ˵еŭȴһֱûɢ෴ԽĿ
ҹһֱûг֣ڵΪ¾ƣû£һֱôĽȥĻҲռ
ߣҹᣬһֱֵĻǾͲҪˡ
뵽Щ˫Ŀ֮еɱ⿪ʼøӵĿ񱩺
Ҷ˫Ŀľɱ⣬ҹڿλƿصһĲȴЦ
Ҷ죬ҶǴ֮ˣӵӦԼ˵飬ǶôĸЦѾˣҹǣ㵱ӵ棬ɱģɸȻ˵ʲôʲôˣڣ˵㣬㣬Ȼ޶֤ȥ˵˵һţѲ㵱Ϊβ㣬̵ĺҽλߵУ
Ҷüͷ΢΢һҲİҹԼҹļ֮УǶһµĵط
ҹս徭֮УȻĳЩǺͳǣǿĴڵģˡ
ִߣһȺǿʵϹɵġ
ЩˣȻ޼ȴԵĿֲ;ˣʮһ𶼲ѶãΪŰ壬Ϊпᣬ˵ҹǵ˶ȥ׵ǡ
Ҷȴӵһ㣬ҹȻ˵ʮһ֮еһԱȴ֮еһλƿ֮һŵĻ½֮£ѾȥˣҹǺҹܻᱻѹ
ҶȻҪģȻĲģɱﵣҪ׵ŭĻĺͶԷ˺ģõġ
ߣҹڿôĵӡ
ҶͻȻŭ

ҶͻȻĸı˵ɫһĸı
ǲ֪ҶΪʲôͻȻĸıԼ
ҹڿҶǳϼĴڣʲôʸңʲô
㻹ҪĺȥˣʥӣߣʥӣΣҲܹϢ飡λƿأλǣһѹСӣ
д⣡
ˣħԺ磬ȫûҹսִʴȣȻħˣѹ
˵ŭ𲻶ϣʩչ
սħӡ
Χĵŭһ
ԭڲ֪ģҶ쾹ȻΧһƬյ֮У
ҹڿƿ֮£ǧλĳ֡
ЩǺĵĵӣÿһλʵ֮۷ǸϵĲΣһʩչԵĿתء
ǾȻҶսħӡ
Ҷŭʩչת˲֮УѾһеӺݺݵУ
ôĵӣҶ죬֮ˣȻڷϷ֤㣬㸩׵ĻȴΪУĻ㽫ϼӴ޷ı䣡
ҹ
ҶЦźȵ
ӡȭ˫֮л۳
ӡǣ
λƿһԼ壬һӡĳ֡
սħӡһֿµĹ֮ҹս֮еһģʩչѹǧ
Ҳλƿأѧϰһžѧ
Խ࣬Խ
֮ϣһµĽɫӡǣķģһγһɽһ㣬ǿе


1273 棡
𡭡
һ·Ǵյһ㣬ž춯صϡ
ƺƵı֮У֮һλλĵӾȻܲסһɿµϣ˳Ƶĵ˵ϡ
Ǵʱĳϵˣȴû˿⣬ǿʼҶעС
ڵǣȫȫڽԼ˽ķС
Ҷͷ·ڿһ䱦һƬأһŵһ㡣
ǵģǵУҲڽҶϵ䱦ϡ
ҶĴţʵ̫˵㣬նɱĵˣģǳ˵ԣ˶ҶѾմȾ֮ġ
ʵǿޱȣȴҲ޷κսħӡ
ĳҹڿϴϵҫԣ·һеһ㣬ϵĽӡ˵µĹ⻪
𡭡
ʱȴѾһŭһ㡣
һ޴Ļĸֳ
һµӰϴŽɫؼףֳ֣һʥĽɫǹվݣͬһŵսһ㣬һ˫Ŀޱ˵Ĺ⻪ѹĵӡ
һ񣬱㹻ͼĵӸоԼϵѪҺʼת̬׷׵Ѫأˣ
ף
£
ڻڷ˵Ĳ֪ôĵӣٸߣȴҲķ
˷׷׵ŭ

һЦ˵ŭ
ѩɫĳ޷Զɺҫ죬ҶϴűĹ⻪ɷϵĴɢǿЦǴ﷢ġ
Ҷ졭Цʲôɱ¾ͬĵӣڻ֪ڣΪҹ֧㣬ΪΪɣɱ¾̫࣬ڣҹҲøףҹ£
ڶԷϣǹɿµɱƺΪʵһ㡣
Ȼǿᣬǵ⼸֪νİ׳գҪͼѹң룡
Ҷɷ糱ǧĺȵ
ǣˣ
ҶεĲ֪Ⱥһʲôע⣬ҪľЧȻǱԼͳ֣նɱǡ
ʱҹᣬ
ıҹǺҹΪ֧֣ţˣȻ֪εȡᣬϴεļ֮У㰵ԵĸоҹǺҹҪѹһ뷨
Ȼ߶˵뷨Ǿǳһΰɣ
ѹ
޴սֵ˼£̬â˫Ŀ֮ɢһǹʼ趯ǹݺᣬ˲Ҷ챾ˡ
λӣһӡٻ޵׵ѹסһħͷ
ҹڿĺ
Ȼ˵ĳϵֶξˣźܴ󣬵ҶȴһĴڰҲǳϼĴڣӻǿʥݣδĵӡ
һ֣㹻˵вһֿµĵִС
ԣҹڿĻ֮ǵ̲ס¶㯵ɫ
ĳˣɾǺҶìˣҹǺҹûг֣һʲôĻҲܻܿ˳ġ
뷨ĵӲ
ߣһħͷڻɱԼˣҪ佻ãʱȻĻλߴ𣿡
͡
սǹҶ죬һǹ֣ǳ׵ǹͬʵһ㡣
ֲǹⶼ㹻Ĵﵽǧ׵ĳ̶ȣĹ⻪˸Ϣ˲ĳ֡
ǸҼסˣ˭ǳֵĻۣ
оԴĿֲɱ⣬Ҷɷʼøӿֲ
Ѿ𽥵˴ɱ뷨νҹս壬û˿ĹУʱĶԳȥڣȺ˻ڲϵĴ̼ԼΪεĶһλġ
һħͷȻΪϣȴɱ¾ЩĵĵӣλǲܹܰһֱɶԷ˵ԺܻܿᱻԷѹԼͷһӣʱһ鲻ãǿ̣
ǰǰְɣ
λӣԵǿʼͷˣЩˣĳϵţмֱϵѪףȻЧ
ߣ
Ҷ˫Ŀ׹˸
޵
ǧλĽӡһΣȫȫĳˡ
Ǽ˵Ĵ£ǿʼˡ
޵λҹսӵϾԽ࣬Խǿ
һƺһӡǿʼ֮ϸϵΪһŴһſֲĴ
ķģÿһķĶһλӵȫ
ֻ֣©
ϣϣϣ
֮ϵսһǹҲ׵
ֻ֣ǹ˿Կ϶ʱҶԵǻᱻѹģǻܵˡ
ս񣿺ߣͽս壬ȴûս־˵ϣҲһ޴Ĵڶѡ
ҶϴŲмɫĺ
ȭͷӶʼˡ
ƺҶĻһ޴սʱķ˾ŭ֮
ȭȭӡ죡
ӶҶĳ죬˿ֲĲ
趯ǧڱΧȴûɢǱø֪ǰ֮һµļһеȴҲ̲סĸоǰҶֺ飬̲סгһ־֮ɫ
𡭡
۳֣һȭӶ˸ӡȭޱߡ

·һıƲ޴֣֮ǿʼ
һ޴һֻƥƱҶǿеĴ
һɺεȾ˵ҹڿλƿص϶̲ס¶˾ɫ
ռһµķ籩˿ûη壬һս˫
ƿǶʼӲҪ˵λĵˡ
ʮӳ֡ۻƽʥ塭һеһУҴգҾʹɱ䣬ҹᣬһδεڰеʩչֶݺңҾ㿴ݺҵĺô
Ҷ岻ܣٴεĺɱһȭ
һȭȻת˲䣬ǧȭ
ռ
䡭
ǧݺᣬݺݵسǹײ˾춯صı֮
һ̣·ֽһչ˳˵嶼̲סĲ˲̬
޵ѹ
Ҷȴ·ǲһ㣬֮ۿʼţѸٵҵеıڡ
һƣƻеı
ۡ
ۡ
ѪɣһλλѪɳ
ҵϴ޷ŵɫеѾˡ

Ҷٴεŭһ
ϣ
սǹȻѵˡ
Ǻεȵ
Ǻεȵ
޷ŵĿա
𡭡
սŭ𣬷֮
Ҷһ̶ȴӵĿ£ȻǿеķɳһȭһΧƣ˲ͻΧݺݵػֻ֣ѹ
ӡƣ
䡭
ֻ֣Ȼǿеİסս塣
͡
һ粼ƥ˺ѵ֣ս񡭡˺ˣ


1274 
˻
еĵһϴŲı飡
޷ŵĿ֮ϡ
Ǿ޴ս񣬱µľ֣ס˼ǿƺʹöԷû˿ԶĿܣ
͡
ӣĿ֮Уս󱻳׵˺ˣ
䣬һжΪξ֮䣬һжٵģõģû˿ĸ
޷ţ
ǵģеˣ޷һеķһ̣κ飬üȵĲѰǴһλðϢ
ĳϵǶڶ¸ͣ
սħӡε峤ھε޸֮󣬲ųֵһſµĹ
ǵһĴġ
һֱƥ޾һʩչû˵γ֡
ҹսܹʥ㳤õʱ䣬սħӡνǹûġ
Ҷ쿴ƻɱ˺ս˵ףʵϣĳϵ˶սǿȻֻһ󣬵ȴĳֹϷģҳŶԷ·һĻһ㣬ڲٿĳһʩչĻԷǲġ
һϵ󷨣þŸˣһϵ塭
Ǿڣһ޴սڱҶ˺֮󣬾Ȼɢˣ
ȫɢˡ
Ҷվ֮Уˮһƽ
ʵϣȴˡ
ϣϵĳһĺۼŭĶ߻졣
սǲĵŭ
ǿƽĿռ֮УʵȴҲˣڳԿڲڷĳ強ѹ
սͼٴε顣
ߣҵ֮УҵĿռ棬㲻ʲô
ҶȻıһɻɷֲ֮֮Уȫתһ̣ռǷʻȫĽԷǿеѹ
ɣ
ĬĬĺȵ
ʱһ˼µʼ뵽Ҷü֮䣬һɾ
һսԵǸоҵѪ֮УҹսϢʹ˵İȻĽ룬˵Ļ˵ã˱ġ
Ҷжϳ˵
Ҷȴ֪һʵϲ˵ġ
еԭҲܾ֮󣬲֪ġ
ڼȡ˶Է̫֮ʮѪ֮ϵӤȴʼøӵĻӫⲻϵ໥˸һּ΢Ĳ
һпʵϣȴĶݣֻת˲ʱѣҶѾ㶨һС
ڡֵˡ
ҶЦ˵
ЦݣԴһ˿ڸǵǸȴǳͼ㣬˵ĻߣƺΪЦݣ˵￴ȴ·ħĿֲ;ˡ
Ҷ졭Ҫ췴ɣ
ĳϵĺ
췴
Ҷıƺһ㶣·˵Щɵ
ڿҶı鿪ʼı˲䣬ĳϵ໥һۣԵΪҶ캦ˡ
췴ڸıҹսĹ涨Ҷ죬Ϊϣ㿴ɱ˶ٵͬӣʥӣҲһģ㼴̵ĽϵаħѧһеıȻһ뵽ߴ˵УڻüϷһλţһλѱĿ֮ģſĵȰ㣬ûҪ֮·ٲ
ĳʹļ׵ĽеϹһ˵ӣ·ΪҶоʹġ

ҶһĲһ̣һµЦȴﴫ˳
ҹڿЦˡ
ҶסԼĶӣƺΪֵĴЦԼĶӶʼʹ
Цˣˣʵǲˡ
Ҷ΢΢ĸԼĶӣ̬ӣڳЦԷ
ĳԭģ˲ȴɫǺڵĺһ㣡
ҹڿ
Ҷ죬㵱ִԲ򣡡
ĳҹڿ﷢˱
ҹڿķϻǶľ˵ģԼһαıɣһʼʱǱϵı͸ľѧѲѣҵʥӣⶨݣҲǽʸȴɲϵĶʩѹҹڿ㵱ΪԼʲô˲õʲôҶǳϣʲôʸҽа壿㡭ôĵӣ
ӣ
ַ·һըװ㣬ʥ壬ĳҹսķȥ
䡭
ɫٴγһž˰ӡ
һ֮Уһ׵翪ʼ֣˵׵֮£Ҷӱøӿ
һδεңϵҵԿʼɢҹڿǷɣ
ң
ҹڿĺ
ҹսĳϣ峤޷ҵʲôֻһ˵Сӣ㵨Ҷ죬㲻ŵĻԣǶңҹǲŹģ
飡
žžž
ͻأȻֹ漴һ͹ѵ
˾ޱȵ֮Уĳҹڿ徹ȻͬǴһѿˡ
ѪĴѷ֮пʼ֣һӵ̬
ҹڿȻҶһ֮ڳ׵Ļɱˣ
ҵΪУֻҪȥһԳΪһ߸ϵǿߡȴСҲġڡΪұ𰡣
쳹еˣҶ֮⣬޲ڶ
͡
һƬ谵֮Уâˡ
Ҷ죬ڡͱ찡
ҹüвϡ
Ҷâ˸˲֮Уƻȭ
죿ұ죡
ȭ
䡭
һȥֲʵһĴ߶
׵ĽҹٴεĻɱΪޡ
Ƕȥɡ
Ҷϴޱߵɷ
ֻڶݵʱ֮ڣٴεĻԼȭͷ
ӡȭ˫ɱ¾ڵõ֮ɷӵǴﵽһʵʵĳ̶ȡ
û˿ԥ֮ɷޱߣ˵ɱ¾׵罻ӿʼˡ
䡭
ٴεһ𻤷ǿе˺ˡ
ԽԽĵӱˣɷ̫Ŀˡ
һϵĴҲˡ
ҶһмҹǺҹ֪ˣȴҲжٵ鷳ģڷҹ飬ѾһλӦġ
ۻƽʥ岻ϵͷţޱߵݺ۳ң⻹Ҷ컹ûʩչ˻Եʣɱ¾ӵĿ¡
һǿ֮Уϵı˺Ѻѹ
Ҷ죬ɱ¾ĹˣѵԽޣ
һλŤԼԹĺ
һԹޱߵĺͺ⣬ɱ˵ĻҶ类Է˺ѳƬˡ
ͱˣҶ쾹Ȼɱ¾ô࣬Ƕô˵ֶΣ
ɱ𣿡
ͻأľʱһ߻Ĵ˳ҶߣһӰĸֳ
ߣ
ҶȻĳһʣ


1275 
Ҷ˫Ŀһɺ߳˫ݺأϣ֮ϵǹɿµĻɷϢԵһ־ɱζ
Ӱ֣һλģӳ֮С
һλһһΣǱסˡ
ˡ
ռĲԷڵĳֳԼΪʵӡ
趯ɫĳ·һƬĲãһԿµӱ֮УŹ°
˫ֱ֮Уһ˸ҫϢĳ졣
˫Ŀ쳣ϡ

·ǵĴڣ
ڿ˶Է̲֮סĤݵĸо
ҹ۴ˡҹۣ
˵ʱһȻ˶˵޲ǿ
޾ϣ
Ҷɵҹڿ꣬ܿıҵ˴˵ѶϢ
ԷȻһλǿߣʵͨΪ
ֻ˶ѣÿһλʵԺأҹߵԤѡߣܹΪߣҪǱΪģһЩ峤δصĿʤΡ
ǰҹ۲꣬һϿɣȻҶаԵľȲѡ
ҹڿļ֮Уҹ۵ѶϢǺٵģԷصĺܣֻ˵λߺȡһλӣν֮ˣ֮еš
νʥҹȵ֮㲻ʲô
ǴĪˣţ˵õϴܵĴУߵĴУʵɲ⣬ڴ˵õľǺεȵĴУȴǺٵĻ֪ģ
λߣÿһλǴͨǿߣΪСҲʮһĳ̶ȣǺǿ߸жôĿֲ
Ҷȴ⣬Ŀǰҹۣû˿ı飬˵
ʲô𣿡
󵨣
ֵһλƺҵԼĹһ㣬ĺǳ
ϴŽٺı飬Ҷ¶˷ŤԹޡı飬ȥƺҪҶ쳹׵ĳԵһ㣺
Ҷ죬һλҹ۴ˣλڵףһ군ˣڼҹ۴ˣȻ֪ģѲɱôˣ֪ԼĴΪһϣȴɱԼͬ壬һΣˣˡҡ
飡
Ҷٴεĳ֣
ҹʲô
ⲻһλǿŰˣҶŲ˭ףӵĲܣ㵽ʲôˣõ֮ɷɱⶼﵽһ˵ĳ̶ȡ
һˬǾͼ̵ĳ֡
㲻ңҲˡ
ңǧ򱶵ķ
⻤˵̬ͷ·һСһ㣬ʵĺܡ
ôĵӣѲ㻹Ϊҹս²ɣ
ҹ۵ϴ˿˿ɷĺȵ
Ϲ°ĺܣ·һλȨµĵһ㡣
ƻݺݵسҶȭͷնɱȥ
䡭
ޱߵĵ֮һչֵ˫
ҹۻΪ˼ĵصϣֵ֮УȻ˿µ˺ѹâ貵Ĺ⻪˸Ȼչֳ
ŭ
죡
Ҷ˿ĲڶԷŭȵ
ɾ˵ĵ֮Ȼı
Ҷĵ֮ȴž֮ڼӳָ֣Ǳϣ
֮Ǵǿĵ֮
ҶĵǺ֮ʼںһ𣬴ƺԷ˿С

ҹ۵ϴһĨȵɫǺܿģȴøӱ䣬ֵ󣬵죬һ޴ĵȽȽ
䡭
ֵĵҶİӡȭײһ
˾춯صı֮
߶Ǵ֮ÿһλžԵ˺޵ߵĽϣӿֲ·һһ㣬Բ׵ĽĲ
һµĹ·˵貵Ĺ⻪
ҹսǰʩչľ󷨣ȴû뵽ڽ˰á
۴ˣɱҰĵɱΪҹսǱ𰡣
λǿеİסеķ񣬴ĺ
Ҷ˫Ŀâ˸ɺӰȻı
͡
ɱ֮ء
ҶĬĬĺȵ
ɱ֮ءһϵľѧȡɱȫ֮Ҷɱ֮øӿֲɱ¾ֶκķʽɱ涼Ҫǿ
ʱŭʩչĶͬһ㡣
֮ҫبδ
ҹ۵ɫ䣬û뵽Ҷ쾹Ȼ˵ֶΡ
ʱʩչٶϿʼøӵĿ
ϴһµĵŭһĵȻĳ֡
˸֮һн޷ӡ
͡
˫ĿϵĳΧȥܿ¶һĨЦݣ
۽
ϣ
ıײ֮ˡ
֮ߵ񽣣ŵλȨƵĴڣӴʥϡ
ʱһʩչԷȻסһɫ񽣣
񽣳֣׻ġ
һնɱ
֮һӣıˡ
ҶӰҲ˳
͡
ˣ
ҶƺǱһɽˣȻĻףһ
ã
ڿҶתһ̣ҹ۵ȴĺ
ԾȫĲԾ

Ĳҽݳ
һλȻĲҽ
ֻϣһ޴Ѻĸ֣ⱳһаϢذȻĴ̴塣
ҶӰĸ˳ϴ˿˿ıâŶԷ
ұ£ұӵĿ£
ҶŲȥһﵽʲôУӵĲ⣬˵ǺεȵݣȻѾѡ˺֣ǾûлתĻˣǾԼĵˣҶǲѡġ
С
ҹ۵ҧгݵĺ
ԭһ۽Ӱǿе˺ѳΪ˷飬ȴûѪ֣Եһѡ
û˵Ҷ˵ķӵû˿ʸϷŪԼҶ첻ôˣһ൱Ĺ
ڴԹĴ
ԿŭȻ۷ĲΡ
ߡҪѰҾ͸ȥҵҪνߵкεȵֶΣѲɻߵڰײɣ
ҶЦ˵
͡
Ӱ˸Ҷ̤߲Ѹٵɢ
ߡôף
ҹ۵ȵ
Ѿ׵ɨˣڣҪŭҪҪɱҶ죬ϴˢԼϵԹ
ҶεĻᣬֻת˲֮У㿪ʼǿе˺һĿռڲ㣬Զȥ
ҶͻȻҪҲڸҹսһᣬûټҲû˼ɵˣҲ˵Ĳʶ̧٣ǾͲҪѳνҹս壡
һ޴Ĺ
϶򵥣սҪԵƽܶࡣ
ڽǰĻȴԸоһɾ˵ɱ֮Ĵ©
˵սһ¶ʥսڵһֳֳɱ
ɣҶӰȻĳȥ

󵨣
С
Ҷ̤˲䣬һŭȴ˳·Ҷ췸ʮĴһ㣬ıԼ˵ơ


1276 󲻾Ҿƨ
Ҷɫ΢΢һ䣡
ǿϢ壡
Ϣ죬ֲף
Ǵ˲䣬峹׵ѹڵϣҶǺεȵǿߣ͵һ٣漴ʩչͨ׵ķѳΪӰӣĳڲȥ
ô簡
һߴݳ
һ޴ǵصʩչ
Ǵͬһɽһ㣬ǿеѹ֮Уû˿飬ӵĴһɾ춯ص磡
֪ĶҪѹ㡭
֮Уһ˭İͰ
Ȼ֮ˣһࡣ
䡭
ҶзȻıѹҰҶıҲһֻ޴εذ֮С
һƵʩչԷٴεҶҲǿеϵ֮С
ڲǿߣĻվĳ
ЩҹսΪǿĴںɡ
ҹս峤µڱչأȻز
Ǽǹϵ֮Уҹս弴ǾĥѣȴҲûгôƿǡ
ҲԿĳҶһʵͱˡ
͡
Ӱӻĳ˴λá
Ӱһλʨӣϴķ˸֮䶼ͬһֻµʨһ㣬ϵΧԼĿԿһֻǿʨС
һ˫Ŀž캳صϢҶ塣
ԷӺǲϣϵļⶼʼЩɱԵƤһ㡣
ƺڹµıʣֻйϺ͸ࡣ
ǼˣǾ˵ȴɿԱǿǸӦһ˲ǿߡ
λǿм䣬еǿߣҶſԼۣ֮ĿԷǴ˴ͨΪĲ˸ϣŭʨһľ춯ء
ˣʵȻҲǲȴҲҹԼҹһ㣬ǿһ˿ѡ
ֱӱҶˣһˣҶȴܹӶԷһ˱ҹᣡ
ʱҹһɫĳۣͬվϴ˿˿Ц֮ɫ䣬һ̬
֮ϵһУǳ˫·Ƕİһ㣬ϢҶ΢΢һҹᾹȻϴλҪǿԭҹҲڴͨľ磬ȴﵽ˴ͨΪ
ȻֻһĲ࣬һһأǾ϶޷ıʵ
ͻһҹᣬھķ棬ѾʼĪĸı䣬ֻһ˫Ŀȴ˸ſֲԹ֮ɫһ㣬ԭҹû˿
Ҷ쿴һȦȴûзҹǺҹ
Ҷ죬ҪѰˣ˻ڱչ֮Уǲֵܳģ뿪֮ҹǺҹ˫˫ͻƣ˵ڵ㣬ɲ򣡡
ҹỺЦ
С𣿹Ȼ֮ССͣС۷ľӦôǿߣһǿеĻɱΪȻĲ򵥰
м߻Ŀ˵
˵䣬סҶľȴڷ
Ѱ֮»ᱻ׵飬Ҷۻƽʥبźھ֮ҲǺܹ֮սγƽֵģԶԷʩչҲڶҶһ㡣
Ҷȴûбֳһ㣬ȻҶȻ뿴һΣܵʲôӵĶԴ
ߡ
ٴεһʩչȻһ˵ĵֿ
žžž
˵ʱҶ·ܵһɾ˵ѹһ㣬žԵǹʹ
ν𣿡
Ҷϴ˿˿ʹ֮ɫЦ˵
Сʲô𣿡
߲м˵
ߣԭֻ˵ˣֻһȺ϶̰ˣԭûеһ£ڣȴµ뷨
˵֮ҶϵЦʼøӵľˡ
ŶСĵӲСҹǵһ˵˵ҳΪ̣
˵䣬һɳİݺݵ𵴶
棬ĵվ
ϴŻ߾ȣʹޣ߿ģֻı顭
һֶҶ졣
ӿˣǺĿ˵һοΪһλڣԷħħӶɱҹսӣϴθӵͣһλ峤׵ķϵ˶ԷǾôõˣٴεĿȴԵǾ춯أʷġ
һλĵ૵ĵ
ҶʥӵݣһѧԱ֮һеĻ֪᲻Ĳ
˰ɣһΣԵҪѹҶˣߣΪ˳ϵݣ޼ɵˣȴˣҹս岢˳ģң˲ҶģֻҪǽɱˣĿǲ˹ȥģҹ۴˱㲻
ȷʵ˰һΣСӿνͱˡ
ҲԼð˭ãƫƫĵҹڣɱҹ䲻˵Ϊŵҹ䳤϶ɱˣˡɱ˹ٵĺĵԼλˣεĺˣȴҲܹʲôʸģһһҪϳħ
ɱѹ꣬Ĳûָ

˵Ҷϴľѧ䱦ʥʲôˣǻɱϼĺĵʲôˣϴϱصõıܹѹĻЩĵĵӣ˵ÿԵõܶıﰡ
˵ϣܿģЩĵӵ￪ʼ¶̰ɫӣ̬ԵǶҶϵ䱦Īռ
ҹת򣬺ߡôĿȻΪ֣
Ҷ컺˵ϲϳֵĹžƺû⡣
Ҷ죬֣һСԴĦģȻ˵ûнûдС㻹ܵĿ΢Щ
ҹ͵ŭһȻıǣµϢ֮£ȻһžˣΧתһЧ
Ҷ죬֪
һλ߻Ŀ˵
ϴһȻ̬·ǰҶһʮĶħа
ΪʲôҪ֪
Ҷ˿ûԷϵװ̬мĻص
ôĵӣ÷СλҾ˵ˣСһСҹսһּ֮Уֹһε֮£һɱԼǰν죬̬ȣӵĿɶǴ󲻾ȫǴ󲻾ΪֲҹսܵʧҲΪ˲ҹսߣҽ飬ѹУ˵ˣͽύѣҲ϶֮Ӧ
ҹͻȻĽе
Ҷ쿴ǰ·СһļһоѾԽĶĵĺܰ
ŭҲ˳
죡
Ҷĺȵ
˸˾˵Ĺ⻪λƿأ¶˷ħϢ
󲻾ҾƨҹᣬҶ췢ģһΡɱ㣡


1277 ս
󲻾ҾƨҹᣬҶ췢ģһΡɱ㣡
ǺεȵǶôţ
Ǿ춯صŭݵÿһ˵Ķ֮У˵ɫʼ仯
λĵǣЩƿأվ֮λĵӣ޲Ҷȫɫס
ͷ·һףڶ߻죬з
ҹʲôˣ
ڼĴڣҹսڣڵѾﵽһ˵ĵزˣڳǧʱ֮ǰҹһǿߣʥ򣬻ɱǿߣеˣҲﵽһ춯صĳ̶ȡ
ҹս֮УıָӵĿֲҹս֮УӵеĵҲϵģǶ緱ǡ
ҲܹΪߵλԵ֮һ
ڽգҶȴŽкĵӺƿص棬˵ѵֱһִ󲻾ȫӵĴڡ
󲻾ƨ𣿡
һλĵӵ̲סĽе
ǳϻ̳Ͽֵı飬ڱҶ𾪵ˡ
һһʮĿ˰
ˣֱаû˵֮зģʲôΪǴ󲻾
ﰡС鷳ˣҶλڱ֧֣ȴҲԵûа취ֿܹסһеģӣСӳ׵군ˡ

ɱСǴ󲻾ˡ
ǵģɱ
λӵǴݵҶĶ֮С
ȴû˿ı飬ϵĿʼߣΧĿռ俪ʼȫ
ǹҹץסԼģȴûз෴ǣҹεǿ󣬵ҶȴҲû⡣
㵨ҡС
ҹĺ
ϵķ޾Թ뵽ԼһڵݣȻᱻҶ˵裬Ǻεȵơ
ѹ
ƻӶһ޴ӡʱչֳ
ƥ·ǧƥһ㣬̤࣬㹻÷࣬˲ı̤顣
ʱҹǿ϶ǰҶѾΪԼµϣԼڿĽԷѹס
ߡҹᣬûֵΪ޷𣿡
Ҷϵ貹⻪ͻȻıøӿֲ
⣡
ң
ҹĺȵ
סҶ壬ʱҶǴ߳ȥĻǾԼϺݺݵĴһġ

Ҷĺ
ϣչֳ֮У·Ǵް׻һɷ;캧صɱ⡣
á
ҹɫһһ֮УҶȴ·һʵһ㣬˫
͡
⻪˸ϣǾ޴ּ֮ǿƥȴҲֽһ㣬Ҷ˲飡
顭
ҶϹâ˸ϣ
л죬˫໥ĸž֮ϣ֮˸֮ϣѹƣȻŤ
ҹᣬûֵĻ쵰ε㣡
ҹɫĽҪˮ
õڣָߵˣȴҶһһûֵĻ쵰ţεˡ
Ҷ죬Ϸȥ
ϵٴεļ
顭
Ҷһ̱صľ𣬴ʱŪ
ȴĳҶڵķ˹ȥ
һӡǿеѹҶ죬ͬһɽѹһֻϡ
˵Ĵ󲻾
һλ˵
ߣҹս壬ûκεһӵ˵ķһ֮
ӵʥӵݣȴҲǲܹŹģɱǵĵӽһУ
ѹ
λƿصͷ˵
ߺߡҶ죬ϵˣ˭ҲȲ㣬ϵķƺǶȡʥģ֮ⷨǱҵõĻԷӳǿ㰲ĵȥɡ
оҶĵֿƺǿʼ΢ҹ̲סݵĺ
Ǿһ̣һɺ嫵ȴ˳ȭͷһ㣬صĳȥ
Ǿ޴ӡǿᣬɽħƣǹ͵ȴһǹɵ
顭
ȭȭӡ죡
ǿŭݣĴݵ˷
䡭
ȭͷһĴһ㣬ȭӡɼָϵ·Եø͸
顭
ӡϵķѵķɢҶͻħתȻĳҹȥ
ҡ
һλƿصŭȵ
ʮλƿҲʼĳ֡
һСҶԼĳ֣ôĵӡ

ǧ콣
ħȭ֮
֣֮

ľѧ
ѹ
ҶһȭԼĴӡʱҹɫҪѿжѿҶŶ󣬶ȴѾݺ£ʱȴҶԼĴӡһԵ衣
˫ѹ޾ʼС
λûг֣ԹۿһУҹ˫Ŀ˸ǿƻǵ˫Ŀʱȴ·һ㣬͸һС
Ѿڷŷ츲صĸı䡣
һȺ֮ڼǰˣȴѹһˣ˵ҲǺͱ֣յڼǿ󣬽գҾһ£
ҶǧʱѾܹνҹսıңѪΣǿΣŲȥ⣬һμȻҪˣҶҲҪȥˡ
¡
İȻĳ֣޴ĽɭȻĽµĽ⣬ĽݺĽںһ
һ߱񽣾֣
ʮĶƼӳ֣תĹ⻪ڸ
͡
һնɱʮλƿ˺
һ·񽣣ݺޱȣһ𽣵ۻڷŭ
¡¡
ۻֳ־޽նɱ塣
Ǿ޴Ȼɢϡ
ۡ
ߡ
ã

λƿƺߵˣѪ磡
ľѧ׵ĻΪķĩ
ٴεڰɫâ˸ľ޴ڰӣǿеѹҹ֡
ڰᣡ
ҹһ似ƥڰ׶ӣ·Ǵǿһ㣬һеһжС

ݺ裬Ҷ쾹Ȼӵֿλǿߣֳֽ߱񽣾ÿһεĺɱֵѪꡣ
ٶϾ˵ĺܣ߲İ֮һ㣬ųħߣϡ

ڰ׶ӱҶĽУ̲ϽĿֲӳƥĽ
߱񽣾̲鶼ҪնɱϽ⡣
Ҷ淴أʱһ˭ζ
͡
һݺ
ر䣡
ۡ
žžž
ڰ׶˵ƣ
һ̣ǳĽȻ͵ˡ
һ̣ءˣ


1278 裡
ŵŵš
ҹĽŲޱȣ̲סĳź浹

ǿеˣ
жôĴûȥͳƹǰ֮ϵڸǣȴǿе˺һ롣
֮ϣɣɣȻһɿµĽϵĽΧİƣƣȥɵá
ֻһ̣˵ȴ޲¶һֿµŤ֮ɫ
ϵ˰
ĵ˵ǧ֮⣬̲סĵһ
޷ŵĿǰһУζûεΡ
Ѫɺӣһ̣߱񽣾߱˲նɱʮλƿأ
Щƿأÿһλﵽһ˵Ϊкܶ඼ﵽ˴ľˡ
Ҷİǰȴ·ֽһ㣬˿ûеֿĿܣֱӱҶһϵնɱ
ҹĽҪۿɱһ㣬ţһ˫ĿݺݵضҶ죬Դп˿˿Ѫ˿֣

峤ȥѹеĵطʱȴҶһСһһ˵ķɱˣ˭ĵӣ춼ҽ赨
Ҷ쾹Ȼ˵ķ֮УҲҳֵ顣
λߵ̲ס¶˿˿ŭ⡣
ƽﶼھޣٵĻ֮£ղҹȻŭҶԼ֣֮ȴ뵽ҶһżĴڣҲû⡣
ǿ϶ôǿߣԼλԦνҹսսĺǵѪ֮УսѪҺ˵ŻᱻΪսĺᡣ
ĴڣҲͲԶˡ
µûκεһˣܹ峤ĴڣվǰҪ
ЩߣУϵУЩеˡ
ǣҹû뵽Ҷ쾹Ȼķǿ˵Ǳ뺷ֻת˲ʱѣҶˢˢˢĻɱôˣΪ߶ûа취ȥ
ǵεĲŭεĲ
ڵȴûѡ֣Ϊҹǿ϶ԼԽҶѹ
Ҷľ̫ˣֻһС۷ǿߣ춼㲻ϣǿߣҹս֮УҪپж٣ǿ϶Ҷ첻ԼĶ֡
϶ԼĶ֣
ĿҶʩչ˫Ŀ侲˼£ֻһ˫Ŀ֮貹⻪ȴаǳӵÿֲ
ҹʵͨ죬ΪһʯΪµǿߣҶţȻӦϧĺܣȴԵĺǰǲϵġ
ȥԭȴҲΪҶѧѾпʼ̰
ΪͨڰǿߣҹѾٶˣûˡ
Ҷϵľѧ͸ΪڴõƷ
͡
һ˸ҶһµĹһ㣬Ӱ٣ֻ˲䣬ȴѾ˵˵ı
߸ӵĿ¡
ٶȾˣĶأϢȫޡ
ǡɱ֮ء
ɱڼʶѧ֮󣬿Ҳ˾ɱ񡯶֣
ɱ
ɱһΪ۷ĳνˣɱ涼ֻǿĴԷĲˡ

ҶЦֹĿǰҹᣬüֵɱ˿ûڸǱ
֮ۿԶһУȻĿԿԷϵľ֮ɫ
ҹᣬӿʼѡΪУĵӣӵĿɺޣŪҵһѣһѡҳΪūͣǱģΪ㣬ûн̺ԼĵӣѾˣȴһٶҵԣ
쵰Ҷ죬㾹ȻҷĴʲô淴ԼڣǴ治оҾҪɱⲻ֪ܵС
͡
˺
һĳ˵ǳ˵һĳ̡
â˸ת˲֮Уķǣ˸ÿһһµɱ⡣
ֻǲʱѣԷĳѾռǧ׵ķΧ׵һ
â֮Ҳ֮Ϊâ񽣡
һλӵ˫Ŀɵùۣ̲סľ
ĻܿĲٵӵҲ̲ס¶˾ɫ
â񽣣Ȼģ˵֮Уҹӵһȴû뵽â֮ţһţıƲۣȴ˺ʯģʯһֿµʯ
ǰţһâ񽣺ķǧʱŴɣһâռ䣬սƱСӣСˡ
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˺ǿ϶˵
͡
ҶΧռȻıˣ
üͷ΢΢һҶоâ񽣵ȷʵǿ
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һǳҶ塣
ȻûжҶȴҶоһ˿ʹ
ǿңȴ
顭
̤㣬ҶȻı
Ѿûжٵвˡ
ҹϴһɿµ֮ĺȵ
λƿԭǵ쳣û뵽â񽣳ֵ˲䣬Ҷѡ˱ᣬʱǵпʼһǿҵš
ʯ𣿡
ҶЦһʯȷʵǺĺܣŰ˲ͼ֮Уȴںܶࡣ
Ű˲ͼ֮УԪʯǸıصõ䱦ܶĶĽ㹻Ļӻİ֮УĽνʯҪµĺܡ
ɣС
һλƿشĺȵ
ϴŷɫ
һСѹţʵ̲סĸоһԸıС
ǱСء
ҶͷЦ
͡
һݺ
һ·һС̫һ㣬ɢľ콣Ϲ˲ٵӵ۾
죡죡죡
쵽˼£
͡
ҶĽ̤㣬һεǰȥ

һնɱʮλƿأʮλǿߡ
Сձҵ񽣣
ǧҹȻĻӶԼ񽣡
ǹ貣Ȼһ̣һƬռȫնϣĽ֣һƬռ俪ʼݻȻγһƬС磡
Ľǡ
һһ壬ᣬҵӣСӣ㲻֮еһöڣȥɣ
֮УаϢ
Ǿʱɫȴݺݵظı

羹Ȼ˲ǳ׵ĸı䣬ԭ̰㾲׵磬׵ıˡ
͡
һ֡
ϣ
â񽣾ȻѳΪأ˾㵵ı֮Уû˿ĸı䣬ֱӽҹֱնϣ

һĲҽôĴ˳
ž
ҶȻסҹĲӣӣ˵֮У
쳹˰ҹս壺
У㲻Ҫ𣿡


1279 նۣ

ҹڵܲȥˣɫ˫Ŀ·Ϊµһ㣬žŭ⿪ʼɢףϮȥ
Ϊ֮еǿߣŭǺεȵľˡ
ĵǸоԼ屻һѹһ㣬ܲסĹ˵ϡ
Ҷ˭Ǵ֮ľѧÿһֶԶء
ۻƽʥǿĴڡ
־ǿһĴڣһеһж˿ĸı䣡

ҹᣬһֱңΪϵһʮһ֮еɱ˺ҽҵһѶϢˣôڵ׷ɱңߵҹǲһеһвΪϵһбڣΣΪʲôã
Ҷشݳ
ֱӵĸǹҹŭ
ĵɫҲı仯
ҶԵ޹ʵĺҹսҲϧȥȻһԵʡ
˶ҹսˣô࣬ȻҶޱȵԹޣҶ˵Ե֮󣬴ҷҹһֲ
ϾˣȴкһСʵڲһֵÿĺͼ顣
ӲҪ˵ҹһλڣҶ첻֪΢˶ٱ
˵ĶԴһǼֱʮ⣬Ǳ
ƨ
Եĸоλǣָıҹ̲סŭ
Ҷ˵ץס壬һŲӣʾڰĳڿռ֮УΪѾڳ׵ˡ
Ҷ죬аħ֮ǲʵˣȴԸ˵ϷףǺξģϷΪһţֻҪѹȥĥħµΪһλҹսӣڿħҩɾˣ
𣿺ôɣô˵ǣ
ˣ
ȻĻӶҶĽָλߣʱɫѾȵŤֹ
һĹΪߣȴһСսһǲƣߣǺô簡
ҹҵĲ
ҶΪֱƣǡ
ˣҲ˶顣
Ǹ߸ϣڼĴڣӵĿ¡
ƽﳬףӵĲҪ˵Ǳ˵ˡ
ãܺã
ҹǶ¸ͣɫ࣬˼£ͬһƤһķɫ
Ҷ죬ĸһᣬſҹᣬڵģ϶ǿˡҲǿԼ̣ĻĽٲ
𣿡
Ҷ첻ÿɷЦһ
ĸ᣿
ŶԷҶƺЩɶ
ǵģҹսĵӣֻҪ㽻ԼϵһУԼѧȫ˵ǲ֮ħǻϵʣµĻģʱ䣬ǵѹƣӡȫȴһжú֮㻹ҹսĳϣԺĵӣö֡
ҹƺǸоһлɶĿܣϴŴƵЦݣѭѭ˵
ЦԵǴһǿ
ǰ׳ջɷʣ
ҶͻȻĿ˵
ҹɫʱıñղŸӵѿ
ôɷʵҹ㵱ΪС𣿡
ҹĲһҶЦ˵
ҹս壬ԭûжٵĹУһΣҹ׵ҺˣȻҾͷɣҹᡭ
Ҷ죬С㾹ȻϷ㲻ú㲻ú
꣡
Ҷϵľ·ϴӣ಻ϣǳ֮񲻿ɵ֮ɽʯһɾ˲ıһִݿٶȽҹһ׵Ĵݻ٣
£
еڴʱʼ̲סĶ
ɷˣ
ϢϵΧ·һ߶һ㣬ռߣı֮·ҪΧһȫıסһ㡣
Ҷ졭
ҹŵͳĲȴ޷ڸס̲صĻڡ
䡭
ҹ峹׵ѣһĹ⻪ʼɳ
Ǵ⡭
޼̫Ԩʯ
Ǳ̶ˮ
;ħȣ
һ䱦˰֮Уһ̣Ҷ΢ҹ껹ı޲ʼ
ҡ
Ұ
ҹ޾Ļ֣̿ĺ
ǺȻģˣҪĿɲҹ꣬ʧȥʧȥһеֻʣµ꣬κεһ˵Ҳ㲻ʲôˡ
ʱѡǽҹ౦
ռ򡭡
ҶȻŭȡ
ռչ䶯
顭

һǿ߿ʼϵıҶǿе飬ϵ̲ԼĿռ
͡
һ֣
һ˸ҹ۵Ӱ͵ĳҶ
֮֡
һֻ˸Žɫ⻪ƣϴ޾̰֮ɫΪŴ˵ǿߣԼѰ˲䣬ҹȴҲ޷ˡ
ҹһֱڰԭѰͼҶ֡
Ҷʵǿһ㣬ǿ϶ȻھϲԼҹۻǽܹһʧκڴʱȴܲסĳˡ
۽
һĵĳ֡
֣֮⴫˵֮ԹϵѪΪӳ֣ϹŵʯΪϴİپʮ֮Ŵĵ֣̲֮ϵĵϺҵĵ֮ǿԽеĻԿҵʵһ¥ҹᣬ㾹Ȼһֱţңǰյԭ򣡡
зĺλǴӱϮٶ˵ľѧԵаտԽҶĽϣ
߱񽣾ۻ󡪡
Ҷϴһ˿ЦݿŶԷȻתȥ
ζĹЦݣʱҹ۵ɫ䡣
ɱ
ĳ֡
ǳ
ħ֮
ӡ
ڣ
ڣںһ𣬻Ҷʩչ

ҶǧЦϣܵУڱһɾ춯صǿеѹȴҲɵû⡣
ռ򡭡
žžž
ΰĿռţ
ǧ׷Χ׵γƿص̬
ۻƽʥ壡
𡭡
ŭ񱩣
ۻƽʥӳ֮£һ˻ʼɢԳ֮ϡ
ϣ
λĳ˻ǰȴǿеĵֿסˡ
ۣãΣգ
ҹĺ
ʱĿʼŭҷˡ
ҲˣǸоҹ۵Σǿ
ն
Ҷİ֣һƬĺ
㲻𣿽գҾһߣ׵Ľѹˣ
ڶԷǾǴ޷ŵ£Ҷİһն¡


1280 峤
ʲôۣʲôУεǿεĿֲڽգȴվҽµһ꣬ҡ
ҶԵǷɷϢ
ϵڲϵıŷȥ˸·һȪˮһ㣬˳ӣ漴˱˻֮ϡ
˸βչȻĽһǿߴɳȥ
Ҷ졭㵨նɱң֪ʲôǵ׵ĸֻ֮壬㵨նɱңҲ᲻úģ
ǰһеĵֻǸƶѣεǿεİԵϴŵĵ֮εŨȴҲֻǸưˣ
Ҷﻺ˵
еĶȴ˿ûǸӵѸ
飡

˻ȻβϮһ޴ĵ·ܵ޵Ϯһ㣬֮֮Уɢ֮УɢΪΪԴ

ҹĺ
͡
һҶ˫Ŀ񣬴ϰչֳľ˹ԣ·ǿնһһ㡣

߱
ҶΨһ뷨ͳ嶯
ʱĲԷݣֻ֪ҹ۸ղҪɱԼ
ףˣƺȫû˵ء
Ҷ¶˿˿Ц֮ɫ˵
ۡ
һѪ
Ҷİ׵ĽԷ˺ѳΪ롣
ѪɺӣһĹ⻪˸޾ǽһƬռ䳹׵ȾΪһƬ˵ʥء
һ֮УصȻﵽµĵزʵʰԪ㹻ĳѰ˵࣬˵ݣǲ򵥰
Ҷüͷ𣬵Ǻܿһɾ춯صĲȴıϮ˹
ա
˵ıҶԵĲ˷ѵġ
ҹ۵Ѫϵ౦ʬ壬Ҷǿе˽ȥ
Ҷ졭ɣһΣ˭ܹ㣬ҹǺҹֶܣ
纮һı䣬ҹ׵ˡ
ĵӿǴ֮ˣҲ˶ٵʱġ
ȴԼǰ˾ǰԵĲܹŹҶ죡
ɱ
䡭
һֳ֣˫չγˡ¡ټ
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廯޾޴̬һֲĻ·һ̫ħɽҪˣʱҹȻ뵽һ֮У˫ƻƬһĴӡǣݺݵѹ
𡭡
˻ŭһҶ˿ûηĳŶԷӭȥ
ƣ
ʣµŭȣıŷ
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ҶĿռһʱ侹Ȼ˳ܵķΧȻǿᣬȴҲƺͿռǿԼޱȿ£ſԺǶԿģûЩĻҶĲǵĶ֣ڶ̶̵ʱڣᱻնɱġ
á
ռ֮У˿˿·Щ··Сһ㣬ϵ
ҶȴĸоֻҪٹȥ̶̵ʱ䣬ռͻᱻǿе˺ѵġ
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һλȻһ
ͷһֻͷ³һ춯ص䡣
䡭
ҶĿռ򱻳׵飡
ۡ
Ҷ̲סһѪ
Ŀռ໥ںϣһǿе飬ﵽЧҲ˱ƣ˺Ҳ൱أȻʱܵһ˺
ˡ
һĻ֣ľ֮
Ǻεȱ
е˶̲סĿʼһľɢ֮ʼһ㶣˲쳣
žžž
ϵ˽Ƶ
ʱҶϵ˺۱׵޸ˡ
豾һǿ˼µٴεĳ˵޸˵̬֮£̲סһѪĳ嶯
һﵱһĲ֮𣿡
̲סľ
ȻҶ˲֮У㿪ʼݣƲٴεĻȭһǺȥ
顭
˸ҶȭͷŶʮļӳ֣ǺͷͼٴһǺӡ
Ҷȭͷ֮ǿֲǺӣȻǿе´
䡭

һλߵĺ
ǺȻĶѣȻǷƷѾߴ£ʱ飬ȻͬǱɱԼһġ
Ҷȴһ㣬ֱӵٴǰȥ
¡¡
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ߴ׳̶ȵ˻ǧ׸߶ȵҹ໥ĶԿһƬ谵޹⣬ӡµϵɢ캧صĲ
߱ħҳ
Ҷ˫ֽӡġ߱ħٵķɴܡ
ƿǳ֮Ҳǳһ֡
ʩչ˻֮ٴεĳһµǳ֮Ϊػ
ʲôС㵽˶ٵľѧ
ҹŭǲĵĺ޲˵ŴʱеǹԹ޺Ͳʴﵽһô˺Ϳµĵز
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˻ŭ͵Ļһһ㣬ݺݵسҹǾ޴˫ֳȥ
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ӡΪµı˫ˣ׵ıԷϵһƬɽͺӴ
ۣ֮
ü˸Ĺ⻪ˡ
Ҷεܹ㲻ŵ顣
֮Իѡ˵ĳ֣ȫΪ֮ۿԶһУʱĿӡ֮УΪǿĵطҹ˫֣صֲǷ
ΪĵطȴҲط
ɣ
ҶŭĽ
һ˵Χ˻桭
ֲսŭ𣬿µ޾Ļ󡭡
һе֣޲ڳΧ۵˿ѪڣƿǣʱȴҲҹֵĳˣҶնɱǿߣͬƳݽɵӣǵпʼ
ǲɷϵǣҶǿͿֲʣԵǺĴڡ
ҹսһεսԵǿģսĽȻ󣬵ȴҲ϶ʧشġ
䡭
βƺݺݵؽ֯һ
貵ǳ⻪˸ϣʵǳòٵ޹ǣʼ׷׵˿
ۡ
ҶѪ磬һɿµȻڴʱоһ־˵ѹԡ
ģһʵﵽ˴ͨڰΪȻһ֮¸㶨
Ҷ췢ӡı֮ȴ˶Էĵȼǿĺܣ㡣
飡
ҹȻץס˻󣬾ȻݺݵؽβŤ
Ҷ졭ɣ
޴˻󣬱һ㣬صĳҶ˹ȥ

Ҷ
˫ִķģ߿ɲǰ裬ֱӵѡǿеĺɱҶ졭
ݣ
Ҷٴεı˴ֿڣ
ֹûУ
һ֮ȻĴ
һ̣һеͱƣȻǿеѹ
ǡ峤
ҹʧؽе


1281 ͷ
ͣϢˣ
ƣ׵ıѹˣ
һеһУƺǱռʱǿеĽһ㡣
˵սǿе֣˭Ҳֺܹ
峤
ҹս峤
һصļһҶԼеļ䣬ҵԷ̫ѶϢȴ֪һλ˲õǿߣҹҲ޵˵ˡ
ŴΪҹսħһλʵﵽ˴ͨھǿߡ
ֻǲһԴﵽ첻𾳵Ϊˡ
ǧǰѡ˱չء
Ҳֻҹǵ֪һֵʱ䣬չ֮ǰǴͨڰΪٴεĳֱǵھľˣǧչسһ֮󣬱Ҳûгֹ
ҲҶΪ֮ĵطһﵽǴﵽһô˵ĵز
ڣֵ̬ҶѾµ峤ˣǵһôĵزˡ
δͷţȴԽҹսǿеƿһ˵Ҷ
ҶԷҪɱĻԵû̫ķܣΨжŰ˲ͼˡ
ʱŰ˲ͼܿ»᳹׵ı¶Ű˲ͼҶΨһܣ˭Ҳܹ֪Ļ֪һ磬һԲϵĳɳ
Ҷ鷳²ǰССˡ
峤ſңҪɱ֪ߵغ񣬶һɱͬĿɶС
ҹܻĺ
νѾھ˾Զʱ֮󣬿ʼԽ޼ɵˣ峤ʹ˵̬ȣȻҹҹǵҲ峤ڣǣ峤ĵλȴɴڣԷʮûнҹսħԼϡ
ҹֵĻ͸Ҵսٸغϣ㵱ΪҺ㲻ɣ
Ҷ̵Ц
һΣΪҪӦλߣҲ˵Ǳġ
С֣˭ҲȲ㣬峤ҲУϷһҪɱ㣬һҪɱ㣬㵨ɱҹۣϷĵӣ㾹Ȼ˵ķ
ҹɫѿĺܣⶼŤɼʱеŭѾﵽһôֲ;˵ĳ̶ˡ
㵱ҲΪҺ㲻ɣȥʹ㣬ʲô
Ҷ˿ӡ
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ȻǵȻȴ̲޾ŭ
˵һȫй
顭
ǧ׵ĿռȻըƺǱ׵Ĵġ
ӰĸֳΪ׵һɫĳۣű֮һ˫ĿƺϣԼԴӶԷ˫Ŀ֮Уĵͻ𡭡
һ֣һ˭ƣ߸ϣͬһĵڵıԼһ㡣
峤
λӺƿĹ˵ϣĽе
Ȼģ˱ҹս峤ҹսħ
ߵļˣȴҶ̲סһ㶡
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˿ȥҲСˣƺҲڼ
ҲҶڵˣҹսΪʲô˵ĽɣǽյĴս޷϶ҹս嵽ŶصǿߣλȥʱĶҵϼһʵϱҹǲ¡
峤
ҹϴŲɫĺ
ҹΪҲ֪ʲô𣿡
ҹսħ˵
ŭȻǵȻȴԸѹ
һҹǡԱ̬ϱԿĳ
ҹν첻µزµҹսħǰȴ·èĺ£󵽣һͱ֣ҹսħҪһЩ
ҡϷʲô⣿Ҷʥս֮Уɱҹսĺĵӣոǲ׵ģѡ֣ɱĵӣҹսʧأѲɣΪҹսƿصϷ򣬲ܹѹС𣿡
ҹ·ޱίӴĳֱ֮ɫĺ
𣿡
ҹսħÿɷĵ˵ͷ
͡
һ˫ĿĲƺһ˫Ŀǳ̲һ㡣
˫ĿĳҶ쿴˹ȥٴε˵
ʲôҪ˵𣿡
ҶһָоƺҹսħǴҪ΢΢һ˵
峤ʥս֮Уҹ䣬ҪɱңҲҷԲȲѵɱҹ䣬ȴû뵽ҹĲңһΣҹҳȥȴȥ򱨵ȴû뵽Ĺ֮УҹᾹȻѡ׷ɱңһĹ塭
Ҷ콫ԭί˵˳
һλǴҹҪһ˵û뵽ֱϵǺ͵ǲ䳰ȷĶңԭΪǹ֮أû뵽ûеȵͣ㿪ʼҳ֣ҹᾹȻҲߵһԱҶ뵽ˣȻΪһڣһǹ֮һ
ҶĽԭίʼͳ
˵ɫҲʼ𽥵Ķ˸ı䡣
ԭҶŭ֮ˡ
ȻҹսһεʧǲأǲɷϵǣҶһʮţһµţԴһպܻܿҹսػõǿߣȴܵʵ޷š
ƨ
Ҷ˵ʵ֮ҹ̲סŭ
ǵģ峤񼫣ϵħѧʱѾħˡ
λҲ˵̬ȣҶͬǿһħƺҶ첻ǾͲðһ㡣
峤һ֮ʣεܹȡҹѾˣʣ˵ʲôʲôˣҿɱ¾ԣѹˡ
ҹǿĺ
ˣ
ҶͻȻĽе
ѵҶ죬ѵҪĽƱ粻ɣĿ֮£˿ɶǿˣεĽҹɱģ
ҹĽе
ҹսħüͷ漴ĳҶ쿴ȥ
㻹ʲô֤𣿡
Ҷƻһһĳ֮С
ҹ꣬һ֣ǳ׵ɢˣʵϱ
峤ʵ룬ҪõеĴ𰸵Ļӵ˵ġ
ڿҹһ̣ҹɫڵĿʼ˾ҵĸı䡣
ָ΢΢һҹ㱻ҹսħ˹ȥ
Ǵͨ۷ľ磬һ۱꣬һһĪ̲ĪʱԵʩչֶΣҹһ;Ѿ׵Ķˡ
ߡ
΢΢һ
ҹսħɫݺݵһ鴤
ȻҲҹ鿪ʼŭ
һ棬һߡǾȻΪһ֮˽ҹսΪʥЦǺáǺܺð
Ҷϻ¶һĨЦݡ
һ̣ҹսħȴٴεĳҶ쿴ȥ
㡭Ȼɣɱ¾ԣҪͷ


1282 ҹħ
ҹΪߣ漶ĴڣȴΪһ֮˽޾ɱ¾Ȩ˵ĶԴԼҪܳͷҳһְԶɿţ
ⲻƽҹսħĳ㾹Ȼ˵Ĵң淴ΪҲ
ҹŤϵĿʼ
ӣ·ܵĪһ㡣
ֺԭǸ߸ϵ̬ȫĲϣҶǽһˬѰ
ߡ룡
˦ʱҹǿеһɾ˵ȥ
ˡߣԼһ£
λĹأҹߣڵǿǲȥ˵ʲôͨ͵ھĲʵ̫ĿˣҹֻǱҹսħ΢һȼѣȴ޷˿ҹսħʮǿǵҷĻ˵ãȡ費˵ӿܵΪصĳͽ䡣
㣬ҹħ֮У˼ʮգ
ҹǵüͷ΢΢һҹȫһ£ȻҹħͬСɡ
Ҷϵۻƽʥ壬ҹħεĿ£ȴҲϵġ
ĸԸ˵
Ҷ죬Ըܳͷ
Ҷ˵ʵһ顣
˼ˡ
˵ĳͽûгͷƺû˿
㡭
ǱߵҹҶУ̲סһĶ£һѪҲûпסı˳
ΪεȵĿֲǺҶƴû·磬Ǿղŵʱ̣ȴֱӱ̼Ļ¸ͣ漴һѪǿе
ܵĴ̼ܹﵽ̶ȣ
Ҷ쿴ŶԷѪӣޱ飬һȻ˵ʵǿᣬﵽ˴ͨΪҶҲẦ¶ԷǵҶаո㶨Է
һʥ
ֲƸԵĿԽһţħٻ
ʱѹССҹҲǲܵģа֮ʥ̬ٻħÿһĴ۶ĿֲҶǵ̣ǲ˷ѵ
ߡ峤ոյĳأû뵽ı飬ܳ
ҹսħﻺ˵
漴һ˫Ŀλƿǿ˹ȥ
ҶǱҹǺҹˡ
һҿ峤ˣĻǲ룡
ҹǳһЦ˵
Ѳɣһεĳػԭģ
ҶӶԷ֮˲ѰϢ
峤չصĵطһȱܵģ峤֮УȴоŲѰϢ˸˵չ֮ӦѾ֪ˣ֪峤չ֮صˣֻǼϲĺߣҹȻᣬȴûȥҹս壬֮⣬Ҳֻˡ
˵ʱҹǵԵĿʼ˿˿ɷ
Ϊʲôڿʼʱ򲻽ѹˣҹսħʵӦú׵رԽѹסġ
Ҷ֮ۿֱӵĸоҹսħʵһˮǿϢ
ΪϢҶоԷȻûдﵽ첻𾳵ΪȴԼѾеıԵˡ
Ǻǣ⻰˵ǲʵϣһȺȻȥ൱Ű壬ȴҲɵӣǵ߾ۼ˲ٵǿߺҹսĵӣǿеĽɱĻ»𲻱ҪĺʱĻǾ͵òʧˡ
Ҷüͷ
ѵ˵͵ǵȴȺǰֲɣ̫ıˡ
ҹ˵
ˣҲǱģ峤ʱӦѾ뵽˲ٵ飬ֻҪںʵʱǱԽȺ˳׵ѹȥġ
ٺٺ٣СӣӿõģֻǸоСӶӵθڣȴû뵽㾹Ȼ˵Ķθڰһ˲ıɱĵӣҶҹˣͿѾĲˬˣǸӳһڶһȺߣȥ·ǲʳ˼̻ӣʵȴ޶ͿȺϲĻ쵰ˬˡ
һһϲģҹǵ϶̲סЩ
Ͼǵ䣬ϸĻֵĻȴҲ϶ġ
ûĿһһۣҹǻ˵
һΣҪСһ㣬һȺ쵰Ȼʱ鷳ڰУȴһЩģһΣϷԵǻúõĺȺ쵰ǺúģߣһξȻȥ鷳һεǲܹô˵ġ
ԵҹҲһҰҺ֮ҼһһȺǵȷʵһ¡
ҹħ򵥣Сӣร˰ɡ
ҹҶ¶һЦ˵
Ҷ컹ûзӦܿģһݳ
Ҷ죬һΣ峤ԵĴȥ
ҹսħӰȥ٣Ҷ֮ûиоһʲôʱֵģȴ·ڿһ㣬ǿеĽҶߡ
䡭
ȻĻ߻Ե̬
Ҷ̶˵ϡ
Ҷ죬ﰲȵɣʮյʱȥ֮һ˹ġ
ҹսħ˳漴һƿʼɢȻɢˡ
ҶϴһĨĹ飺
һô
ʵȻͺèһ
ǿµļһ˵Ե̲һ־˵ֻһȴܺõȴ޷ڱү˵ԵĶûбֳʲôкͳޣӦʱѹϵ
жϵ
Ҷĵ˵ͷҲôġ
ҶȴΪԷһԵĺˣһǣɱôĺĵӣһεսֳĶʵ̫Ŀˡ
ҹսħȴû˿⣬·ЩĵӣѪһ㡣

һɿµı亮ͻȻĴ˳
һɺҶ̲סĴһ¡
νҹħ𣿡
Ҷ̲ס˵
ҹħҹսΪµһͽ֮ء
ǱѰͽӵҪ°ٱԵһ⣬䣬ʱĻҪǺѵġ
Ҷ˫ĿĿΧС
򵥵˵ֻһ۵ɽҲ󣬲İƽ׵ĵز
Χտĺܡ
һҺɫڲϵĴͷųЩҺɫһȥƺ΢ɣҶ֮۵Ĺ۲£ԵĿЩϸ΢΢ÿһֳõӡ
ЩȻǺħ֮硭
Ҷ̲סľ
νħ֮Ԩ;֮أԼ޵Żֵһַ硣
̲ħħϢ
аĺܣմȾϾԵĻǲĻҲֻܹϵȥ
ƺһĵط
ҶȻĳ˿˿Цݣ˵


1283 ıһ
Ҷ֮Իô˵ȴҲǹΪ֮Ϊֵɵġ
Ȼ˵ħ֮аĺܣȴҲһֺ
ҪõĻǵҪȥЩа˼µĵطѰҡ
ħ֮磬̲޾аϢȴһִ־ıֻҪԼ벻һ֣ת
һȥɹĻҲöԷﵽһµĵز
˵ȥܳͽĻȴҲһ飡
ħ֮磬ֻ˵ߣҵֿסȴҲԽа֮ٻʱĻҲһ򵥵顭
ħ֮ȷʵǺħ磬ڵ˵Ҳ׾ٵĵֿסģǻСһĺãϾħ֮аĺܣԵĲע⣬ᱻǿеĸġ
˵
ûܹҸӵ˽ԨĿ֮ǲ޿ȥ׸㶨ĵطϴΣʥ֮ٻԨħǼһϱдһħ֮磬⻹һǿħȴҲﵽ̶ˣԷϵħֱ֮Ҫ˶о˽䱸̬һħ֮ȴǱԷϵҪһЩһСӦġ
Ҷı棬ˣȴɿԿ϶Լ׵Ľ㶨ģǶۻƽʥš

³һҶ˵ϡ
ʱħ֮·ǷҶĴһ㣬ٵĿʼ˹ȥ
ħ֮磬ÿһž˵Ĳ漴ݻΪ˿ֲ˵ĺɫ̬
Ķ·Ҫһ㣬ڷҶĴ֮󣬿ٵ۵˼£Ҷ忪ʼ˹ȥ
̡
󣬴ſֲĺ⣬ĸ֮ʼֳ
ҶҲʱķµ˺
ߡ
ʹ֮£Ҷ̲סһ
ʹ࣬𵱳ħʹ໹˲٣ʱĸӵĲһεģ˵ǶԷµĺܣȴҲɵҶĳܷΧ֮С
ħ֮磬壡
ҶȻĳ˵ҫĹ⻪
֮Ҳлۡ
ħ֮а֮ҪȥĻþҫȥ
֮ҫԼǧʥĴҶӿ
һֻֻɢŹ⻪ʥƥӡ裬ǻ˶ħ֮粻ϵػ۵˲䣬ȻĽƿ
͡
ħ֮ķˡ
ƺǸоҫв
Ҷܸᣬҫ֮Ȼİסһɫħ֮Ժ˲뵽ڲ
˶ܲħ֮磬ʱȴҶ쵱˲һ㣬̰Ľռ
ħ֮һ̣ǳ֮֮֮һеȻγ֮ˣǿеѹ
ˡ
һȦȦۿʼչ
һɹɾ˼µϵĴҶıڲʼҶ֮ħ֮磬Ҷԭ˵һƺΪа֮ŵԵʣҶԨĳֿԣǿħ֮磬ӳҲԭȫʢʱڵɶѡ
һҶ㹻ȥӦˡ
žžž
ҶͬǷ͹ըһ㣬еƬȴ˸϶ʥζ
ÿһƬƬڽӴ˾Ĵ֮ƺĳ̶ֳϿʼԽľˡ
һƬƬƬȻɵĴֹϵ̬һ·ȴøӵ峺·ˮһ㣬Ʒ̬

Ҷ
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ҶıڣѾ˾Ӱ˸
»󣡣
ų貵Ĺ⻪漴ڳһĹ
Ӱ·γһ޴ĳһ㣬Ҷı󣬵ǵЩħ֮类ǿеɵ˲䣬ķ·˾Ч˲䡣
Щħ֮Ѿ仯ΪΪ
ϵȥ̲Ҷ塣
ǱȺ֪Ļֳ֪εȵı鰡ħ֮磬ԭֻǽܳͽ𷣣Ƕ˵ȴǲСĲƷ
ҶЦ˵
ҹħ档
Ӱĸ˳
Ǽ˵ϴų޵ɫ
Щ˵ϴŵҹսĵӵ·Ȼҹս屾ĺĵˡ
ǵȴҹ׽Ѫ
һֱҹ᱾ǵ֧ţһҹ䣬ҶֱӵĻɱ궼ҹսħǿеѹȥ
ǵĵλνһǧɣԺ֮Уһ𽥵ı޳ҹսıģΪͷּҵԶĴˡ
Ҷ졭Ļ쵰ĻǵҲ䣬һħ֮ĳ֣һᣬ϶Ļʧġ
һλݵ˵
磬ô϶𣿡
һλ̲סʵߵ༸ˣҲ¶˺꣬Ȼһа˾˵ͷߡ
ħ֮磬Ԩĵħ磬ȻֻΪͼһ֣ǼǴͨǿմȾˣҪܾ޴ʹ࣬ҴǾǿߣմȾĻǻ˲ܵˣ̴ĻԵĲĿܵġ
Ӻź͵˵
ӵĻҶһҲǰˡ
˼˵
ӵ˵ͷ
СӶвԱУҲҪҵὫɱġ
͡
һӰȻĴҹħ֮˸
ٶȷɿĻ׵һ㣬̼Ľ⼸˰Χһ
ʲô
ħ֮磬ħ֮ôͻȻĴҹħ֮г֣ⲻܣʵ
ҵ塭

Ĳҽݶֻǽ˲ѣһ̣ѾɢΪһѻɫ
ߡҪҵ鷳ϲı鷳ֻýǳ׵Ķɱҡ֮С
Ҷ˳
˺µħ֮磬Ѿ׵ƿˣӦǼޣǲġ
͡
һӰȻ˺գɢؼ䡣

Ҷüͷ΢΢
ϢϤƺ֮еһλ
Ҷ֮ûջˣǺӰȻѸ׵磬ȴɱ׽ˡ
λֳǺߣһΪʲôҹħ桭
Ҷüͷ΢΢
ı޷ȥҹħӳҹսħʩչֶΣ޷ǿеͻƣԼǿǼһҶҲֻε̾Ϣһ
һϵĹɫĹ֮УķĻΪװΣ⹬ڲĻԪڻķ裬ŨֶΣԵĿκεĻߣΪ϶ۡ
Ļٶٿʮġ
͡
һӰ͵˺գĳ˹棬ϣһ·Ǻһ㣬˸ſµĲ
ģ̽ˣ
һϵӴ֮д˳ƺҹ


1284 ı
Ӱʼı漴¶һŲϵˣҹսеһԱ
ԷŲǰȥһǧףٵԾ˴
뵽֮УƺǸоĻԵĿ񱩣̲סĿʼüͷߵݣȻҲϵĸı䡣
ʱ֮ϣΧһԲεĴǰ
ҹλ֮⣬ļˣڱĿ˼ǴƽȵĺУ˲һȻ˯ŵĴ
磬㵱˵һҹսħԵƫ̻ˣҶСӣҹħ֮УֶΣһ綼ҹսħ໥ϵһóȻĻ»˲䣬Էעģ˵ֻܹΧһѡ
߿ҹε˵
˵ҹսħȴɵĿԿǿҵŭ⡣
ҹսħΪСĽȻǻʩչģҶʺǿ£ҲȥάģߣҸоСӿ϶ħ֮ģʺͳĹѧ˵һοƳͽ䣬ʵϣ˵ҹսħµһ壬ҹս֮У֪ҹħһʲôطҶУȻطˡҹսħÿµֶΰ
˵ʱҹ϶̲סĿʼ¶˲飬ӷǶҹսħĺܡ
Բλϵһ΢˫ĿƺǶһж⣬ü֮Уһöӡ˸ϣһаϢӶԷɢš
ȻΧϢȴԵøء
䣬ռϢ׵ƿһ㡣

˹屾ҵ峤
˵ʵѾףһҹҴ˿˿֮ɫϱԿĳ
ڶԷϣһȵĻϢȻȴ·һɽһ㣬ʱĶܷΪֲ
ļλߣźɫķۣÿһλ϶һɾ춯صԲһ˿Դﵽġ
Щ˵ʵȻмλߣȴҲԶҹԼҹƣһλǴﵽ˴ͨľ磬ҹҲֻԵСѡ
ϵĻϵܣǿԿһĻֵ˸ϡ
磬ڸô죿
һλ̲סĿһǷ·һķ˹֮ˣüͷͺݺݵ˵
ȻǶһȺ˹̬ȣ൱Ĳ
ߣһεĺϷҲǵֿߺܴķյģǽս뵽Ƿ˹壬ȴֻڸɵۣѲɣǻʲôļƻ𣿡
һˣҹҲ͵˼¡
͡
һλͬǴͨȻԼ˫ĿϮ·һ֮вƣ㹻ռ䶼Ϊ֮
ҹѾǴȥνǺɥ֮ȮûжĴڣǻСУΪԼʲô˲ﲻɣ
㡭
ҹֱӵıһ̼Ĳˣϴŷŭı飬ԵѾŭ

ԭڱĿķȻŭһϴŲ֮ɫһλ˹ߡ
䡭
ϵƿʼȻı·ǻɽ緢һѹ
峤
ߵֱӵıѹ
ֿµѹûȫķҹϣȴҲһеĸо
Ȼ˵ѹԼˣҹɫȴ൱ѿԷ̻˼εĲ򵥵˵ڸԼһԼ
ǿֶΰ
ҹޱȵЦ
ǺǡǱϾҷ˹ĿˣҷΪ峤εܹܵίһΣǸΪҶСҷ˹һ֧׵ĻˣεģⶼڴԭҾҪСѹģһֱûлᣬһΣȴһĻᡭ
˵ʱǷԵ¶һ˿ݵĲƣһ޴ķ˿ʼ
һ޴˾زķ˻һ˫Ŀޱȣȴƫƫ˸оеĻϢ
ĺͶԷһۣԼ˵嶼Ҫ˲յһ˿µԵĲǷӦӦеġ
ǿԻɱСӣǿԺʲôƻ
ڳԼҹȻԷ˼漴ʵ
Ҷ죬ȻûмȴԴǴ֮иоһµļһǶԷ൱Ĺ°°ˣȻԼİҹսħҪػסȴҲ޷İڸס
˵ʱٴεĽԼļƻ˵˳
ȷ
˷ļƻ֮ҹɫ̲סһı䡣
ߡҷ˵ĻıҹҹսħȻǿ󣬵ȴҲҵĶ֣Ȼһ㶼Ǵͨľ磬ǱʵȴԵֿģ֮У˶ٵ£һʵǱĶֵģˣ㾡ܵĿԷĵȥʩչֶαˡ
˵
ߣһǿˣĻɱСĻǶ˵ʲôôСӣֻҪǰźҲɽɱ
ҹȻ־ڴˣٴεĿʼе뷨¶һ֡
𣿡
˫Ŀ˿˿ıϢ˵
Ҫʲô
ҹϴһ˿̰֮ɫ˵
Сӵϴı;ѧЩÿһֶκεһλΪ֮ģʵֻС۷ΪȴԺʹǽа壬ҲΪϵľѧµģıǺһϷǲԼǿ֣ʮһ֮еǿˣȴûκεסɼϵжôľˣ˵ϵıҪɣ
顭
Ѹٵĳһֲı
ϴ޾⣬ЦֹĿҹ
ҹƤԽĺɣ˵ĻɰһΣ㲻ǽˣֵҷ˹ǿߣ㻹Ҫռɣ㲻ԼθЩľ𣿡
ߡ
ҹԵڶԷǹɿµƣûȥϵıȴԵĴŲ̬
ɡСϵıռɣѧǿ໥Ĳο
ƺҮҪһεĺƣˣڳ˼֮󣬻˵
ɡ
ҹ̲סʧŭ
Ȼ̫ˡ
ҪˣħϿ֮УǴűıأСӵõеıˣռɣѵ֪𣿡
񡭡
ƺ뵽еĹؼҹȻɵĲȴҲǿĵͷ
һ˵뿪ĳ˿˿⡣
峤ˣѵҪȺһɣ
Ц
ɣߣȥɣɥ֮ȮҲʸ̸𣿡
Ц֮ϣ˵漴¶˿˿Ц
ҶȴҲǲ֪һļƻĳ֡


1285 ʥ֮
תעγɵĴ󽭴ӣ֮ߣ
飡
һٴεıƣҲ漴ĻһɰԵתΧħ֮硣

һ׵ʧ֮Ҷε̾Ϣһ
ʱƣħ֮羹ȻԽǿᣬֵʱҲļ
Ӧһ֮ػǵĵطĻǲ֮ܲħ֮ġ
Ҷ쿴ΧѾʼԼɢħ֮磬̲ס˵
Ѿĵھյʱˣʱ֮УʳʱĶÿһ붼ͣЪħ֮磬ȴһӵĴڡ
ҶʵЩᷳˡ
а֮š
Ҷ̲סŭȵ
䡭
а֮չֳ
ʱа֮Ѿ𽥵ĳֳͰ׽ɫĹ⻪ȥа޵ɫʡ
̫֮źԨ֮ŵںϣʹͬ߱аʥ
ڵѾħ֮˼£ҸоˣԼͻƽҪѹƲסˣǺȻģǼϲߣԵĲô˵ģһεͻƣɲ˵Ĵˡ
Ҷ˼˵
漴ĻӶơ
ƿرһа֮ţ

һȻĹעķһ㣬а֮ڲŻҲ
ħ֮磬ҵҪԨڲ㻹εķ
ҶЦ
˵䣬ָһӡǣа֮ŵĿٶǿ
𡭡
ķͬؼƿһ㣬ųҶ췢в
Ǿа֮ųֵһ˲䣬ȴ·ᵽΣյϢ׷׵Ŀʼɢ
ߣħ֮磬㲻ǿ㲻ǴĻڣǸһ£ӻϢ

ŻĴˣ
𡭡
ħϵķ
ǽڷȴ·ߵٻһ㣬еħ֮ƴĵֿȴҲ޷ȥа֮ŵɢ
ž
žžž
޴ǰħ֮类ǿеٻ˽ȥ
а֮ŵıԨ֮أеħ֮磬Ҫǿħ֮磬ҲֻԨ֮أΪĳ̶ȰˣȻ޷ֿסԨٻ
һɳ
ħ֮·̸һ㣬ŶԷٻɣ˿ĲԸȴֻܹİռס棬ȴɸı䲻а֮ŵٻ

޾ħ֮粻ϵıɣ֮УȻѾһӵʱˡ
ٶȺʱĻҶѾԿ϶ʱԨ֮ɵֱﵽһ˵ĵزˡ
Ҷȴ֣ħ֮粻ûʧƺǳֵûиı䣬ֱһ漣

ҶüͷͻȻһü֮У⻪˸
ۣ֮
֮۴󿪣еͨչ˳
ôõʱ䣬ûжٵĸı䣬²ǿ˾֮ءԨԭˡ
Ҷüͷ֮۵Ĺ⻪˸͵ĳΧѲ
֮ۿԶһУȻ֮۵Ĺ۲֮£ΧȻǱŨܵħ֮ΧסȴҲûиıҶߡ
ܿģҶĿˣһطħ֮ޱȵŨ֮Уħ֮ʮĳ̶ȡ
ﲻԾ
Ҷ΢ٵƿа֮ѹһħ֮硣
ˡ
һɲĲ˳֮УƺǶһص
ǹ⣬еûԱζǺҲûζ
ʲô
Ҷüͷ
ҫ֣֮
צ̬һҫֿ֮ٵıҶȥ
ҫĹԣѹħ֮аˣҶʩչһ·Ǳͨǰ̤ͨҶӰ˸ǰ
䡭
ҫּ֮ħ֮ΪŨ֮˲䣬һµȴ˳
𡭡
һŭ𱩶
һźɫףϼ̲ϣ˫
ʲô
ҶĽе
һĳ֣ǺԼģҲûı㽫һҫּ֮ӳ˶ʮĶε
а￴ȥƺϻһ̬ϵļ񳤴̣ȴķ·һֻ⬡
ڸоҶĴ֮󣬶ʱһݺݵسҫִ֮
䡭
ԷֱӱҶҫִ֮˳ȥ
ҹ
һӡϵļӳ
ӡ
ǾѧҶ캱תǲɷ϶Էǿ
һӡ֣ķ·ѩƮͨǶħϡ
ϡ
а֮ƺǸоʲôһ㣬Χֵһط
ħֵ֮ΪƵʢĵط
ۡ
ǹƲ˿ûɬ
ˡ
һɫĹâȻ˸İΧһ
ʲô
Ҷüͷһٵʩչͨߡ
ֻһöɫӳҶǰ
һöɢ˿˿Ĺâ·֮µһ㣬˸ϣֺɫȴ䵽˼£ǿȥ͸ģȴ޷ڲĶ
͡
һâסһֻŹֵ漴ԷȻƳҶķӡٵı˽ȥ
⡭
ҶһķӡԼ⿪˸޷ģһöȴӵһУʵȡ
֮΢΢ͷųһ˿һ̣ȴ·ǻ˹ȥһ㣬һӱ㽫һ˿ȥ
Ҳݡôק
Ҷ̲סĽеղŵָоͷ·Ǳһֻϻǿе̵еʳһ㣬ӶʽķԵĿ¡
Ҷ컹ͼҪȥע֮У⵽һʲôʱȴĽŲ
ʱ򣬲Ӧ˳ְ
ûж룬ֱӵĽӷŵŰ˲ͼ֮С
ջа֮źͨ
ˡ
绺Ĵ򿪣ҹħ򿪡
ҹһηĿΧǻûɢħ֮磬ѰڿҶ̲֮ס¶˾㵵ɫ
㾹Ȼû˿ı仯
һ۾ɵúţһ޴
ϴʲô仯
Ҷû˵
ҹһƵĽһ˿ħ֮飬ٵ˵
Ǿͳɣ峤㣬òڿǰĳˡ
Ҷ΢Һʱӷźõʱоħ֮Ѿٲˡ
ٵյĻ˵ãȫɢˡ
ž
߳ҶĿҹ
ͽʮʱ䣬ôͻȻҳˡ
Ϊʥ֮⡭
һͻأĴ˳


1286 ߲ԭ
ҶϤΪھ֮ǰֻڴε֮ȴǸľȡ
λߣ
Ȼߵǰ
ڿһ֮Ҷ΢΢һЩΪʲô
ҹ˫Ŀ¶˲֮ɫ˵
ߴˣΪʲôƺҹսĽأ峤˲ý룬Ѳ㻹ҪնɱҶ첻ɣ
֮Уһֽ䱸
Ļݺﲻġ
ҹȻҲ֪ڵݣҹսħ׵ķϵ֮һȺѾˣҹ֮Իô˵ҲΪ˷ȰˣҪĻǾͲֻǷϵݵˡ
Ǻǣҹǰֻ˵һˣһζѧİڣϷǻۿ²ҹǰɣ
ҹĻߵ̲סķЦݡ
ЦݿȥǺƣڿҶ֮ЦݸǱøĴȱ·ǶԭѾ׵ȴһ㡣
Ϊ̬ȴҶо˲Ծ
ϸ˵ϷһǱ峤Եġ
ٴε׳һըѶϢ

Ҷüͷ΢΢𣬶ҹսħ⣬ƺЩ׽ˡ
峤ڵȴǣʲôʵĻǲȥѯɡ
ԵҲȥ̫Ľ͡
ߡ
ҹһ
ȻһʵԵĲ֣ҶֶΣߵʩչԵĿһﳹ׵ġ
һ㣬൱ŵġ
͡
ʩչͨٵĳսȥ
ս
ʱҹǵȼλڼѾȺˡ
ˣ˫Ŀ΢գƺ˼ʲôһ㣬ҹսħڵϣ˫Ľϵ໥ԵڼƻĳЩ
͡
һƿĳ֣Ӱ˴ϡ
峤ǵˡ
ҹһԵء
ܹ첻µزµ˶¶˵̬ǳҹ֮ĵڶˡ

ҹսħ˻Լ˫Ŀ
ҹ̣㽫ԭί𣿡
ǲǺߣҹսħ
峤ˣԵģǲϷ˵ϷΪ峤ͱȽϺһЩ
Ϊҹ̵һλ£˵
㲻ݣҹ̵ʵ͵λǳߵģڳЩڼˣֻϲ¡
ҹǵüͷƺЩ㲻Ϊʲôô
Ҳã飬ɡ
ҹսħ˵ͷ漴ĳҶ쿴˹ȥ
һǰĽٻʵΪȥһġ
Ҷüͷ΢΢һܣЩڼ̲סĿЦ
ѵǽ˵𣿡
ƣȷʵǿԽκεġ
αҪ֡
Ҳ֮󣬽չأȥһŴ񹦣ڳλҪѹҹս壬һΣֳĶεȵľˣѾҹսʧˣˣҲһνɣ֮Իǲҹ̣ҲΪԭǶйʧһԺĽһ
Ҷ̲סķһİۡ
ѵһȥ𣿡
ҹ̵ˣΪһߣȴΪԼԵʣǿеĳȥԭݣǺ޲óԼôԼ
ҶʵĸоҹսħЩ㶺˵㡣

ҹսħ΢΢ĵ˵ͷ
һȴҶЦ˵
С
ҡ%%
Ҷһֽĳ嶯ѾĲУ㡮񰡡
ʵϣһΣҪҹһΪǸطΪϤһˡ
ҹսħ˵
ðɣȻ³£ʲôµġ
Ҷν˵Ȼ˵ҹ̵ʵǿᣬˣóԼɱﵣԵĿöԷȥ޻ء
һΣǻ߲ԭ֮Уһʥ֮⣬һʥ֮ǿĺܣǽ߲ԭסˣʥ֮һӵʱ䣬ɢҲǵ˸ˣжӦó˲Ѱ飬ҲһҲ˵׼˵ȥ￴бĻã
ҹսħ˵
ֻһ飿
ҶЩʵ
ֻһĻƺǲҪ˵Ĵ󶯸ɸɡ
Ϊڻ߲ԭֵģҹѯ飬ҼȻܹʥ֮⣬ԵĹҲԿ˵ܻ˶ԿϣԼСĵ㡭
ҹսħƺָҶȴһʱû뵽Է˵˼
ðɣ˦ƹĵǲ
Ҷ˵
ԵĶһİ൱Ĳˬ
ãҪ뿪ҹս壬ȥˣúõʹһ£಻á
ҹսħʮһĹĶҶЦ
һ֮ҶȻҹ뿪
峤ˣΪȥһ𣿡
Ҷҹ뿪Ӱҹ̲ס˵
ǰ峤ˣҹ̶Сӿû˿ĺøеģʱ򣬺ܿܶԷҶģӣǵòʧ
ҹҲ̲ס˵
Ǻǡ
ҹսħ΢΢һЦ˫Ŀȴ˿˿ĺâ
СһϺõǿԺĵһĻҲһ飬սΪѸ͵ĳɳģСҪĥһңһļƻ
ҹսħϴصЦݻ˵ƺһƿĵ̬
߲ԭһƬµĵطÿꡢǧꡢǸʱ䣬˸һʥ֮⣬ıĳЩǿı緢ȴǲɵģˣǻ߲ԭ˸ʥ֮⣬ȴҲѵƿصġ
ҹ̻˵
ʥ֮𣿡
Ҷ΢΢ľ׽ĸ֣ǽԼеļ䶼ˣҲûҵʥ֮ѶϢ
ϷһΣǸʱϷֻһλǾΪһ緢һҩһεĴսֱǿ˷ָֻһҩǱ˭õȴû֪ġ
ҹ̵¶һĨ廳֮ɫ˵
߲ԭʲôµĵط𣿡
Ҷʵ
߲ԭȷʵǿµĺܣΪԭǻģ
ģ
Ҷûб
ԭǻģţһֻ޴Ϊ꣬꣬һֿµļһһµĳԻϵһе׳Լ֮У䣬ҲһΪԶΪԶĳԻ
ҹѵõĿЦ
Ҷ΢΢һ
꣬ȷʵһֿµԷħޡҲ޺ޣνĲһĴڣҶԷϲ׳Լȴ˳
꣬ɵı޷ͻǰȫķԼ֮УӦñʥ֮ÿһʱһεԭɡ
Ҷ찵Եж
ǡˡ
ߵٶȷɿ죬ǽ֮УȴҲ쵽˼£ҹ̵ĻҶ΢΢һƺǸоһȻй˳


1287 ׹
۹ȥǰһƬһϸ嵽˼µء
һǿ˿˿İĹ⻪˸ԵĿԿĳ֮һǿҵ
һۿȥĿı߼ʣֵץһҶǿԸо̲֮ص֮ǿԺĳЩ츣ضԱˡ
Ҳǻߣ
Ҷ̲סЩ㵵˵
صǿѾ㹻һ֮Ϊ츣ˣҵЩֲÿһֶ̲֮вٶһЩ겻ϵϺҩˡ
ǻ߲ԭԭ൱ĻߣǴݲġ
ҹ̻˵
ݲ
Ҷüͷ΢΢
Ǻܿģ뵽еԵɡ
Ե𣿡
ǵģһֺǿ߲֮ԭںһģѪϵоȻȫʩչĻߣ׵ĸıˡҿǣһ֪ԣѪĻ»Ǻƿصġ
Ҷĵ˵ͷҹ̵Ļ൱Ͽɣǵ˵Ļ൱鷳ģȻºͣʵϣû˴³ʳ״̬³ֵģѪķĻԵġ
һȺǿȥ鷳ȴû뵽ǣǸʱ꣬ڽʳǳ׵ļŭ˶Էı㷢ǿĽ
νɱ¾
Ҳһ̽ѵʳ֮УǧҪǣ
һϣľһܹɵĻǸжôľ˰
ҹ̲ס˵
߲ԭ˾޴ܹһֵĻҲ°
Ҷ˼˵
һУѾںһǣǿдߵĻһʱ̣ʧȥеġ
ҹ˵
üͷ΢΢漴Լ֮УԵĳй̲סпϧ
ǿϧĺܰ
ҹҲ̲סĿʼ̾һж޷ıġ
߰ɡ
ҹٴε˵
Ҷĵ˵ͷ
˵ƣɵıҲǲٵġ
ꡭıһصǱǿΪǴ󲿷ֵʱ䶼ڳ˯ˣĵ٣ˣϵ
ԼĳɳЩҲ뵽Լ֮С
еףϲҲϲ˯ӵΪѪʹУ˵ǿµĺܡ
˻߲ԭ֮ϣҶǸоԼ·Ǳעһɾ˵ϵ̲
þ˵Ѿôõˣڸоϵ֮УȴɵĿԹעУǿµĺܰ
Ҷ찵Եĸ̾
Ҳ˵һ¶ѣߵҹ̣ҶĽ䱸δͣ
ʱûҹսħΪʲôѡߺԼһ
ŶԷϵһǺҶĲɢľҶǵãڲ֮ǰԼ׵ĴģȴָԲǷƷ
΢΢Ľ䱸֮УҶ쿪ʼԵļȡŴϴ
ֻǼʮʱѣҶоԼʼøӳ֡

Ҷüͷ΢΢һ
ֻǵǰȻһˡ
һˣһȺۺͰ׹õ۵ޡ
˺Ͱ׹񹬵ޡ
һˣҹԵԷ
ˣҶйӴģνİ׹񹬵ˣȴһ˵ѰԼļ䣬ҶܿıҵЩ˵ϡ
׹񹬵ģӻЩ鷳ҪСһ
Ҷ쿴û˵
ҹһλҶ첻֪ǵЦ˵
ǰ׹񹬵ˣһȺħǱа˶Ҫֲʥ֮УΪҹս˶С乬׹ʥһǿߣʵͣųչأǧǰ뵽˴ͨ۷ĲΣڵʵӵ޷󡭡
Ҷû˵ȴ˿Ĳ⡣
ֻһ˫ĿϿʼ¶˿˿ĺ⡣
Ҷҿ϶Լǽ뵽˴ľ֮󣬿Ժҹսħǿ߶Կǰ׹ʥʵǧǰ뵽˴ͨ۷壬ڵʵѾǴ첻𾳵Ϊˡ
Ҫһ
ȺˣӦҲΪ˳һʥֵ֮ģСһ㡭
ҹ̻˵
֪ˣ
ҶŲǰȥ
ˣΪ֣Ҷֻǿһ۱Ѿǵʵ
аˣΪ׵һλһλˣʮӣüһɰԵøޣòףһ˫Ŀ˸ŻϢ
ʵﵽ˴ͨΪ
׹񹬵һˣλˣÿһλʵ൱ĲԷʵȴҪǿ᲻٣ǵһλһͨвǿߡ
Ҳһλģ
ϵİ׹õӡǣҶȴԴЩӡϸоһаϢ
ˣÿһλҲǴͨһľ磬ȻûʲôƣȴѹסԷ
ž
Ҷ߶µҲ漴Ĵ˳
ˣʱĳ߿˹
Ȼֻˣ
λӲмЦ
ĸ壿ȻֻˣһһͷӡһλӵĿȻֻС۷ľѣѵû𣿡
ǰ׹񹬵Ĵͷû˵ڿ񶼿ʼòм
ΪҶߣȻҶʵȥֻвС۷ľ磬ҹ̣ȻûչֳԼϵʵȴĸоԷǿ֡
СӣǿģСģ볤նɱǣ
Ҷüͷһܿıʥļ֮Уҵһļ䡣
Ҳһ׵ţֻǱʥҪԵѷɫһЩȻʥ֮󣬶ԷСΪ
볤𣿡
Ҷ첻мЦ
׹ɮȽΣսʱ򣬻Ƚϵķɡ
ǰ׹һˣ볤Ц˵
ߣˡ
ǰ׹񹬵׹ɮû˵ֻ㾡ֵ̬ܳ
Сӣһᣬ׳ϵıȻڵϣŹ볤ҲŹǵġ
Ҷϵһ˿Цݣҹ̣
û뵽Ҳбӵʱ򡭡
ҹ̵ɫһЦ˵
ƺɣϷòƻҪӡ
ϣȻ˵Ŀ
һλͨǿߣȻĳ֣һҶǰԷȻ˵־ͳˡ


1288 ǡ

ԷӰ˸һƬǿеĴ߶֮£Ҷǰ漴ĳ֮УȻ˽˿ռ
һ磬Ҷϵĳ۶졣
趯һɺ컺չֳؿŶԷ

ﵭĺȵ
ʲô
һ㶣Ǿһ̣һӰȴ͵֮бɬǾֹ
飡
һ˵Ѻͱ֣ǳֵǿߣ徹Ȼ׵˺ѳΪģѪ⣡
ž
һֱ۳볤յǰǰֱڲϵĳ鴤ȻΪٶϵͣȻһλֵļһûа취Ӧ
еˣڿҶ˲䣬̲סĲһλðЧ㵵ı֮У·Ҷ첻һһ㡣
ǿߣȫѹСǿߵġ
֮˵ʵǴͨΪСǿĸ߳ʮľ磬һһأǿջ
Ҷȴûгֻ֣ǵĺȳһ֣һͨǿߣ˲˺ѣ
㡭
볤յ̲סɬˡ
ǰޱˣ̲ס
ѩѪͫһҶ졭ʥս֮еʥӣҶ죡
̲סĿʼ
֮˵ĺ볤յɫҲһĸı䣬Ǻܿȴ¶̰ɫҶ壺
ţõ˲ٵıȻսʤǿߵʵҿɲѰĴǿߣ׹ɮΣСӣӦҲȤɡ
볤տһİ׹ɮЦ
Ҿÿԡ
׹ɮϴ̰ɫҶ졣
ҶʵȻһֱһգȴٵ˻ȥ˽ǸҶϵı
ܹΪʥսĴʥӣϵıｫǶôľˡ
ɱ
ѹСӡ
ŭ
Ҷû˿ȺһȽǿҲǴͨľ磬۷嶼㲻ϣҶڵĶǴͨ۷ǿߣεĻһȺˡ
֮۲ĺⱳҹ̾Ȼı˫ۻĿֶѡ
û˿ֵӡ
ߣϼһﵽǴʲôע⣬ĵһרְĴˡ
ʱҹ̿ҶıӰҲЦֹ
СӣŰɣȻЩ˲ǿ󣬵ȴҲ
ҹ̵ıڿҶıӰ֮УҲʼԽĿ
ߡСӣıһΣȫĸҽɡ
׹ɮޱȵĺ
һ޴İ׹ǻӿݵİ׹֮צһİ׹ݺݵسҶֹȥ
󣬷·ǰٹҹУħɽ
֮УĿռ䱻ѣһƬռ˹ħ硣
֪Ķѵ˵ûܵѵ𣿡
ҶЦֹĺ
ʲô
볤յɫ䡣
ƺ뵽ʲôһ㣬϶ʱһɬ
Ҷǲ˿Ļᣬ˫ȻĻ
ȥ

ռڣ޾ռһǧ׵ķΧ֮У׵ѹסǵ塣
ãʲôΪʲôҵ޷ʩչˣұ
׹ɮɫŤоԼϣ·̲ǧһ㣬ԼΪܵ˾˵ѹƣҶߣѰʱڣֻҪԵĶһ£Խǰﳹ׵ĻɱģڵԼȴ·޾ѹͽǰһ㣬һµûС

˫۷趯ɲǼʱ̣Ҷ˫ͬħֱһ㣬̲صľޣݺݵسŶԷȥ
顭
׹ɮԴֱӱ飬Ĵ飡

ҶƥΧγɳһΰ̬ʼɢ˳
Ҷ죬ңĺˣɱңڵģ㽫޾
볤մĽ
𣿡
Ҷ첻мЦ
볤յǰҶƺǼɵˣ̲סٴκȵ
һʵףǳõķչȥԳΪһǿߣ˵ɱңǾǶԼһУڣ޾ں޵ģ

һ֣Ҷﴫݳ
ˮ趯׵ס˶Է塣

Ĳҽ
Ҷ첻мĿŶԷƺڿһ׳գ
У涼նɱο㡭
漴֣˲ٴεĻɱʣµļλǿߡ
һ꿪ʼȥ
˵㿴ûУ
ҶתĿűҹ̻˵
ϴһɷǬϢ·һµѪڷһ㡣
Ҷ죬ѵûз֣ԼΧĻʼ˱仯𣿡
ҹ̵ͻȻ¶˿˿ɱ⣬Ц

Ҷ΢΢һͻȻģΧĻȻ˲䷢˸ı䡣
ֻϵѪ·һһ㣬ѸٵĿʼΧ
¡¡
һʯͻأɡ
ơ
ΧһеһУƺһ̿ʼģĸı䡭
ʶ𽥵ıģ
졭
ȻĴ˳
ҶƤƺǧһ㣬˿޷̧˺ôþǿ
һ̣ɫȴݺݵһı䡣
ֻǰһӰǰ
ҶҶᡢ溡ۺ󡢰ӣ
һеˣƺһ̶Լǰ
ס㣬ӣΪʲô
Ҷ츧ԼԴͼǿеվ
һͨ쳹صƺһʧӰˡ
еֻ

һŵ˼µȻĴ˳
ֻʥȻĳҶǰ磬ذΰ󣬺ƴƥ
ϵޱȣֳһУȻĳҶӶ˹ȥ
͡

Ҷ̲סŭһ
һ̣Ѫȴ·ˮһ㣬Ⱦ壬Ҷϴ޷ŵɫҶ죬ǾҶ࿪ʼݺݵ
Ҷ죬㲻ҪҶ㶷ù˭ʥδΪʥ֮ǿߣ罫ҵģ㲻һֱŮ㿴˭
ʥȻ˺գֻ֮ϣһλ˵ŮһվϴĮӵı鿴һС
ζ
ҶʧĽе
˾ȻϹΣҶѰ£ȴûѰҵһ˿ѶϢ
ʵɣϹΣҵ£һеһУҵ֮УĽ㣬Ůˣȫˡ
ʥ͵ץסҶᣬŰЦݿҶ죺
գҿƷһ£ζˡ

ҶҲ̲סķŭ
һƺǶ޷ֹ

ȴΪޣ

ǵʥҶ˫Ŀʼɺ쳣ͻأľʱüһϢ˳
ҶԺһѣһ֮Уһɡ
硭
Сӳ׵군ˣû뵽ȻɵıԸ㶨
վһҹ̲סЦ˵
߲ɫΣǿǾĺ֮һ㶼һǿ߳׵룬ο֮ΰĽԲ׳׵ĸסˣΪѪϢ͹ЧЩ鷳
ҹ΢΢ĵ˵ͷǾʱһɾ˵ȴ˳ĳ֣䵽˼µڿռ֮У
ǡ


1289 ɱ¾Ѫ
أ
â·ͬǷڵĽһ㣬ǿеҰ̴ز񷣡
á
ҹ˵ɫ
һﾹȻҪͻˡ
ҹ̵ɫҲʼüѿ޷ţ
Ļ߲ԭ׵߲ɫΰ߲ɫĹ⻪ҹսħΣҲᱻǿеѹڻþеģΪʲôһȴͻƣ
ΣһֽԻҩΪ൱ѣǲκεһʷʫĵҩӿܱʷʫĵҩӵķҲϺҵ˵ονǿģηΪ߸Σһɫ߲ɫÿһһɫεʮﵽ߲ɫ¼Ҳᱻѹеġ
Ҳ˾ȵԵ֮һ
֣ѹС
ҹϴɫĺ
ѹþڲνǴԪǿ׵ѹסġ
ҹҲ˵ĺ
Ǻλ
£
ħ֣
׶
ĳ֣˲֮УһƬռķɲϷģڲϵڣǷԲʮ׵ķΧΪڵķԴء
⻪˸ƷǷѣѹǡ
޾̬֮£ض·Ҫһ㡣
ɳ裬ɽʯ׵ķڡ
Ļѹ⼴һǿ۷ǿߣȴҲڴʱȻġ
СӣһΣԵˡ
ҹﻺĴϢ
һﳹ׵ˣǿԵõϵıˣΪؼľѧССΪȻԺǶԿĻԴĿҹսħ޵ģ
һߵﻺ˵
¡¡
һֻ޴ƣͻȻչ˳
һֻƣÿһǶķģƺѹֱ۵ĳ֡
ֱ۵ָżĹâٶȷɿ죬˲ıһλߵǰ
á
һλߵĽе
˫ֽӡһɽʼѹ
ɽӡ
Ĵɽ㲻ȻûҶıɽӡǿᣬȴҲһžѧ
ҲǷֶΡ

ֱ۲ܣȻݺݵش̹ȥ
顭
͡
ڶԷ㵵ı֮УֱֱӵĴ˴ɽ谭׾ٵסĲӡ
ꡭ

ҹĺ
顭
Դ裬һǿˣ
ҡƣ
һ䵽˼µͻأĴݳ
䡭
һֻ޴ĳȴݺݵѹ
һֻȣ·һ֮ǿֲ֮ƽ
ȴޱ棬ݺݵкеĿĽ·˾ı
ȻǽΧĿռ䶼ʼѹˣ
ߡ
ҹɫ䣬ĺȵ
硭
ҹͻȻָһĽ
һλֳǹӰӣʱȻҹı

ûеȵӦӰȻ貵˼µĹâ֮УٵĳŶԷȥ
á
ҹд
ʵǴͨǿߣʱȻӣȴҲû˿ƴһӡӲȥ
䡭
ҵıըʼת˲֮䣬ֱۣըó
ҹ̡Ҫȥ
һݶ֮ϣǾ޴ĳȣȻȻѹƵһλߵϡ
ꡭ
ߵϴžɫ
ҵľ磬߳ô࣬ǾѧرߣҲġİ
ȻģȴûֹҶĽǳȵˣ˻˫ƾŶԷǿӲĵֿȴɲ첻ѹصĲȱ
ܣ
ҹ۾ɵùԲۿƣѪʣĶǿҵĵѪ
һˣֵܣ໥ύ໥ѾﵽĹ£ĺܣȴıҶѹεĲŭ
͡
ҹ̵ıȻĳһ˺ѿռļ
Ҷ쾹Ȼ֪ںʱı
һ˫Ŀɢ貵ľâ
ǲҿþģʵǻþǶ˵ģǶ˵£Ǳɣ
Ҷ죬㾹Ȼ˵Ĵǣ췴ɱߵǣҹսħ޷ģһΣͱ˲أ
ҹ̵ޱȵĺ
ߣⷬȥȥļֵ˵ȥɡ
Ҷû˿Ц
͡
ϵĺɷٴε
ѹ·һɽһ㣬ǿеѹҹ̵ĺʼüٲϡ
Ҷŭ⿪ʼﵽ۷壡
һˣǲֻþ߲ɫΣҶҲԲ˵ķ񣬵ξУȴԼ˵ıеķŭѾﵽ˼¡
ԼˣһˣѾصĴ֮С

ҹ̵ƿٵٻԼǺ֮ϣͷţһ޴Ǻε̬Ҷȥ
ССаűУȻҲҶҷ
Ҷ첻мһ徹ȻܣһȭӶ
ȭȭӡ죡
ȭȭӡ죬ǰӡȭ֮УǿһС
̲ȭ໥ӣҶϣǶʮĶιϵķ˸ͣʮļӳ֣һȭӵĴһƬµա
䡭
һȭһƬǺӣ䳹׵Ĵ򷭣ĵ
͡
ȭͷ֮ϣ˵ѺۣȻǿǺӣҶҲǿΣġ

Ҷϣǿۻƽʥ壬˿Ĳ˺ٴεĳ֡
ȭȭӡ죡
죡

ӡȭ֮УΪǿļУʼ಻չֳȥ
ÿһȭһ־춯صһ𣬷˵

˻󲻶ϵĻҹҶ֮ҹ̲סʼŭ
䡭
ȭ׵˹ȥת˲֮УһƬǺӣݺݵ˺

ʱҹ˵ۿ׵ѿˣѪʣԼһλֵˣۿžҪҶɱˣ
εĲŭ
ǷħȴҲ޷˻Ľ
˻Ҷеķࡢ֮УΪ񱩵ģҶ춼Сεܹڶʱˣ
硭ܰ
һȭصĴ˶Էţϵľʹ޷Ƶı̣һʱ

Ҷޱĺȵǰٴεķһš
ȣ

ϵڶԷһŽŵķ
ÿһŶݻӰǧţֱӴ˶Է塣
ܰ
Ƿҹҹ̴ĺ


1290 ɱ¾
ĵܡ
ҹϵŭ
ǿҹ̲ϵĵֿҶϮĶ·ҪѪһ㡣
һеһдӿʼѾע˽֣
Ҷ첻ɱ֮˵ڿʼʱûҶ鷳ӵĲȥ̰ϵһУЩԵĲᷢģֻһеһжѾˡ
ǽҶƭԻ˲䣬Ѿעˡ

˫Ȼİס˶Էļէ֣
䡭
ҹ˵屻˺ѣ
Ҷ죬ǲŹģȴĽϷ޾ͳͷڷ˹ѾϷϷҪڳϡ
ҹԹĺһ˫ĿѪϣȴһ̣ǿеİ˻һǳβ
ȴֱӵĺˣٴεĴһռ䣬˺Ѳϣɢ֮С
ҶޱĿŶԷ뿪ԹɴڣδɢҶ˫ĿȴűĹâɱɷδ٣ԽĿ񱩣
ҹһΣ˭Ҳ㣡
ɱ
ɱ֮
ҹ
ȿȿȡ
ҹ̵ʵˣ屻˺ѳΪ룬ȴûȥ
ҶۿԼ̲סĳһĨ
һǳˣЩŶ޷һëΪʲôǿĹⲻֻΪʵ⣬ӲǾѧ⣬Ҳرˣ˻Ǹ޵еս񣬿ϧΪʲôûпһ㣬ѡ˺ΪУСĵĽ̵£ҹսĿԳΪʥǿġ
뵽Щ֮ҹ̵ϢʼԽ΢
硭ǧĲҪΪұӡӵԶԶģ
飡
ҶĽԷԴȵ÷顣
ǿеĽǻΪɢ˽ȥ
ܿһеѶϢȫĳԺ֮УΪѰҵҹҶʹ˻һҪ⼸ˣʱһжҵ
ܿĹڣ⼸˵ϢҶ㳹׵˽⵽ˡ
˹ˣû뵽һ徹ȻҲѡ˺ҳˡ
ڶԷĽͼƻҶ쳹׵Ȼˡ
ԭҹͷ˾ûаգܹ߲ɫνҶ쳹׵ѹסȻҲ̽ѣܹѹסҶãûѹסĻȴİ취ġ
ҹὫ˹֮С
Ȼһƺǽеĺ˳Ψһ˳ģȴҶ쾹Ȼڿ˻þеԺ󣬳׵ķˣһɱλߣκεһ˶޷Ԥϵġ
ҹǷ˹𣿡
ҶЦ
սӵĲıʵҲ˽⵽ˣҹսħֻǿҶ⣬һΣؽնɱҹ˭Ҳֹס
ңǾþõûóɱҲóˡ
ǲϲǾģ
ҶϴűɫĹ⻪һ˫Ŀ貵ǳ˸ϣǳȴΪǣ
һ̣ҶѾɢ
֪ʱһϢȴʥ򴫵˳
˵ˣ˹ˣƺյʱ֮пʼЩŹˡ
ǵģ֪ˣЩǿ߿ٵĴ˷˳Ҳʱǿ߻֮Уƺڽ䱸˫Ŀ
һη˹ˣǵ˿µˣûΪʲô˵Ĵ󶯸ɸꡭ
ɣ˹ˣʥ֮ƵĹϼˣǿĺܣ̸ǿᣬʲôˣҺȺ˶Կ
ǰǰʵصĺܣȴһĸҪԿ
Ӧǰɡ
˵洦ĿԼ
СӰ
һƬصĿռ֮Уش˳
Сӣҹ㵽ûаգ
˹֮Уһλ̲ס¶˲ɫҹĺ
ҹƺǶⳤϵĻû˿⡣
ߣث֡
ⳤ̲סĵߵ
͡
µķâҹ˫Ŀ֮б
˫Ĺ⻪֮£ϵ·Ǳѹסһ㣬öԷ̲סĿʼ
ҹʲô㻹Ϊҹս岻ɣڣѾҹսˡõʶˡ

һλƿԵѵҹǻû˵꣬һɴȴ͵ϮأǿеĽԷ˳ȥ

Χ߱һء
࣬ˣٲ⣬ǻҪһǼλϷʵõĲҪ˵Ϸ򣬷ûϷ֪᲻ʲô飡
ҹĻ֮д˿˿ıȺвϢ
㡭ߡ
ҹǿɱ֣ǸմǰԲѷĳ̲סһߴȴȥ˵Щʲôˡ
ϾҹʵǿĲǼٵģ˶Է˵ȷʵʲô¡
Ҷ졭Ϊʲôûг֣ѵ˵Ҫҹսħ𣿡
ҹ˼
͡
һƬ֮Уһ˺ѵĽ
һ֣˲סһƬռ䡣
Ҫ
ҽ֮һ̣ǽȴһţһӰĸֳ
ɫĳۣɫĳɺӣü֮УɷˣҶ컹˭
ŵǳֵİʬ壬ޱĿһۣѸٵʧ
һ¥֮С
边Ȼ˵ķ֪Сү˭Сү˹ĵӣ㾹ȻСүҪǮⲻ𣿡
һλָһλڵϵӲмĺ
ǵıԼݣ޲¥֮еλоһĿ¡
˹壬һ壬ɲЩСȥǵ顣
Ȼзŭĺܣȴֻǿеڸסеŭ𣬵һ۾֮Уȴ˸ŭյ̬
ߺȣ㻹ǰɣ˰Ұꡪˣ
Ƿŭ˫ĿʱˣƺΪ۸ߵĿС
Ҫ
ӵ̲ס˱ߵĺ
ȴߵ£ݺݵذ˵¡
ҲСүԹôľ¥˭ǮﻹҵңСүҪסˣԺСү£
ŵ̬εȵŨȴûκεһ˵ȥƺǿ˵ı֣ĵ㿪ʼ൱ԡ
͡
һâ˸
ۡ
ԭǵޱȵ꣬˲ɬ
ֻü֮䣬һѪȻѪ
ˡ
λ£ԭһ˷ܵĴ㿪ʼҶˣȴ֣ȴʼ˴Ѫ
˰˰
һλŰɫ۵Ӱһ㻺Ĵ߾֮һλλ£ǿеĻɱ
һ͵ׯ԰֮С
Ѫɣ裬֫ϵı˺ѡ
һ¥֮С
ɱɱɱ
һλŰɫ۵ĳֵ߳еѪ


1291 峤
һĽ棬ϵʬ屻̧
Щ˵ϣ޲һб֮˵ʵɼһߣ
վ޺ѰˣҶţ
òҰ
ǰҰ˹ˣǵ˭ˣȻڶ̶̵ʱ䣬㱻նɱôǿߡ
ƺǷ˹ķɣ
ǰǷ˹һţʵĳ̶ȱﵽ˴ΪˣҴŲǰҪǾһ찡
ԴȻһˡ
úݵֶΰɱ¾ֱŲĳް
ӦǴ𰡣ԭĻֻǻɱЩѰĵӣȴڶźĵĵӳˡ
ȷʵܿµֶΣ˹ѹŴĶԭΪǵ˿µ
ӣ˹νˣ»ȡʩˡ
ۡ
һݳԭʬ棬һλĺȻĴʬ֣ϴŻֵ̿ɫĿ
˭ɵģ
⺢ӣʮλķ˹Χס˶Էϸǳ˷ŭɫ
˹ˣŴĻȻ»ڣ㿴̧Ķǳˣȴûһͯ
̲ס
ɱߣƺĺ֮
һλŰɫ۵ˡ
ӵĿ
ʲôӣ
һλŮԵްο˵
ɫĳһԿµѪɫ۾ǡǶħһ㡭ɱɱۡ
ٴεĳ֡
˵̲ס¶˷ŭɫ
Ѿʮεɱ¾ˡ
˵
ͻȻ뵽ʲôһ㣬ٴεĽе
˵ʲô
Ůӵ̲סĽе
˵֮󣬽ݷá
ʲô˼
һƬȻĳ˵ͷ
˹֮У
һϵĺɫڲ

һǴӡݺݵؽµһصĴƬ
˷ĳΧɢ޵еķ
͡
һ˫Ŀ֮еâ˸ϣ·Ϊ·һ㣬͸ڳÿһ˵ġ
ʱ⹬֮Уվˣȴûκεһˣȥ׵ӵµâ
ϴƥ֮ɫȴһ˿аЦݣ̬ʢŭϢȫĲͬ
˵һΣδ
ǰһ˻Ŀ˵
峤ˣΪһγֵˣһҶ죬ǵõѶϢǳ֮ɫĳۣɫĳɺɫĹ˫Ŀ󣬺Ҷȫơ
һλϱϹϾĿ˵
ϷҲΪҶСֶܹεˣҲûˡ
ҹҧгݵ˵
ߣСӻҹսһ̫Уλõ߶ûн˻ɱ˲ֶΰ
˵֮ˣǺҹʵ൱λͨĳϡ
ƺǴһʼҹ˳ۣˣԵ൱Ŀ̱
ȻˣϷλֵܣȴˣӣǲΪϷĵˣǺأ
ӵĻҹԵĲ˽Ŀʼ
𣿡
ˡ
ﵭ˵
һΣԶ϶ҶΪģȴ㲻һﵽΪʲôϵȥӵͼĵϿʼ֣ΪԵĲǹ䣬һﵽǴʲôߺߡԽе˼ˡ
ģԼЩˣû⣬෴ǣܹĺҶ档

ʱһλ˽
˵
ﻺĿ˵
塢ɱһ塢ԼС峤ȴҪ峤ˡ
ɫݺݵһ䡣
һΣĵˡ
Ⱥ쵰ΪʲôͻȻĳ
̲סĽе
Ǽϼһģ֣ȴû뵽ǡõĹ䵽ֲɣ
ûеȵ˿ڣһ̣һЦȴ˳
ӷ绢ƣ
쳹һ̣һӰѾ˴֮С
Ϊ׵һλӣȥģһĻĳۣһͬһ˫Ŀ˿˿ĺâϵ˫Ŀ֮˸ĺܣ˲Ŀʼоһֿµѹѹſռ䡣
ϵĳһ·һۣɢĸоһ۲򵥡
һһλޱСӣһ˫Ŀҳģ·ǱĻҳһ㣬һ۾ȴԸоһڲϵĹ
ȻվȴƺǾҪʧһ㣬ȫĺռںϵ˼¡
վһλӣһģϴźЦݣӴ׵ĵز˺ʹؽںϣ·һ֮
ˣ峤ɱһ峤ɱԼ峤ۣ
ֹ䵽
һȺˣ趼Ǵˣеĵ
˹λʥλãռһƬɽҪҪܳʱ䣬лսʿǰأܹӰȥٵվû¹ôļ򵥻
λһĺͻȻȴû˿׼˵λٹȥȻȴĳ鴦֮λΣ
Цϵӣǲм̬ԼĲ֮ɫ޲˵ŴʱķѾǵ˼ˡ
ЩСһ峤ǣȻ˵ҲһĶƿأȴûа취Щϼǿʶ
ȻֻܹСվȥ˵
Ǻǡ֣һΣȷʵǰһΣǹǷ˹˥¡
̲סĿ˵ˡ
ĳԸ꣡
ﵭ˵
ߡѵ˵ʹ˵ɣ
ĿǷƵ˵
ϡ
ɱһɱȻû˵еذȴĻţĴ̼ԵĦòٵ˿ʼ¶˵ӵɫ
λ峤ʵǱҲСȥ
ΪµһλȴɱΪԷʵжôǿᣬǶԷֶκǿ¡
Էһλµɱɱǿ߲޷ȷԷʲôʱ֡ӵ޷ҵһټ
˵һʵҲΪǿģ˵ɱ˵ֶΣȴ˻ѡ֮
ˡλ峤ڵ£
ĳ˦ɫƵĺȵ
һȺ˾Ȼвεܹʹˣ
λõʲôҪĴ£Ȼ˹㲻ʲôǿ֮أҪȥλﾭĹ߶һ£ȴҲʲô¡
˵ģ˫ĿسλС峤ȥ
һȺ峤ɫ˲ɬ·ǳ˴һ㣬ʵӡ


1292 ӿɱ¾
ôλ˵˰ɣ
Цϴ޷ڸǵԹ
һȺ˾ȻвһĸķεܹܵסΪƵ£ԵĻѡֵģڣֶ˵ȴһ£ֻܹ
ֻǶһȺˣȴѾڰԵĳ
в췴ɱԼߣǲ֮
Ȼ֮ûбֳٵĳɱ֮ɫϵĲˬ֮ɫȴ
֣һΣҵҲȲѵģϾһʥ֮УһλµħǿߣһҲӦ֪˵˭˰ɣ
ԵڰϺ˵ĽɫһζڳŰ
ɱȴڰź
߽ܵϣȷʵ÷ûа취쭡
ɱۻֱӵĴ촰˵ɣһΣǵǴҪʲô
֮УһֺǵȻĲȴ൱ı䣬ȻʱŭѾʼﵽһ춯صĳ̶ˡ
ǺǣϵܣһΣĲˣܹʲôҪһΣǷ˹Ķʵ̫ЩĵӺֹǧٰӵͼĵӣڵĺĵӣˣƺ㹻ͷ۲ٰɡ
΢΢ĿһۣЦ˵
һΣΪҶİɡ
ֱӵĲȥǶ˵ЩʲôĽ⻰̨˵ˡ
ǺǡðɣʵҲҪˡ
һɱ֮󣬻Ŀ˵
Сӣɱҵˣҵһķ֧һ㣬ǲô˵ġ
һ˵
Ҷ쾹Ȼһɱɱ棬ɱһǿߣ͵ѧеĴؼɱ֮ءǿɱһľѧԵĲܹ䵽У˵һΣǱҪɱȻȡϵһУȻٴνѹΣֻӣŻҵĵƽ
ɱϴų֮ɫ˵
ߣ˵ĺڻǿСϵ౦𣿡
Ц˵
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СһڲǰٴεĳˣʵҲµĺܣҶ챣صĹƣԺʹͨĳǿ߶Կ⻹ΪԵģϣͨǿֲٶȣʹռҶҪ׽סЩˡ
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1295 һ̣ΪҶڣ
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رÿǿеļԼϵǱӳԭǿʮٱ
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1303 죨һ
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ѵ˵Եǿľż٣
ʱܻĺ
ԭϼһ㲻ȥٻԷϾԼ˹ѪһٻĻ֪ϳɾϼһʲôȴû뵽ǣԼٻ֮Ȼû˿Ϊ
𣿡
Ŀ⾼Ŀŷ˵
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죬ôõ£Ƿ˹կҲΪԱסһƽżȻ£ȴҪǺɱСӵģʵˣһĻͻɢġ
ϴ˿˿֮ɫ˵
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֮УԱסǵǴ޷ȴҲǻóһЩ
˵ģٴεʩչͨȻϵ˹ӵĲ֫ȡеĿ¾
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Ҷ쿴Ź֮еˣл⣬ϾǸһ·ġ
һΪӵ￪ʼߵ֫ٺϵĹ⻪ɿš
һƥսһҫǧ
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𡭡
໥ŭҶϵǿʼ𣬻̬
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ڵľһ̣Ҷľżȫķˣ
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ջ谵ȴִһĨ⻪Ȼģ⻪˸ĵز漴һɫ
ҶǱǿ񱩵׵ľʧС


1304 죨
ڳˣһĶ¡
ڵǣÿһλǷ˹ĺĵӡϼڼǿߣΪϵĴ֮УǿڻûΣա
ڸо˴ΧӡǣɢֵĹԣǷѾϱ֮Ǳ֪ˣһеĴֻдŵѾˡ
ǣԵ޷µ׽໥ĶԿģ
䡭
ٴεһֲʱķɫЩѿ
ֻǱԵȴѾϵ󷨿ʼҡҡ׹
ȫĺٶԿĻǵεȥ
˭Ҳ޷󵽵ġ
һȻûȥѵ˵ûз𣿡
һֻʩչͨڼȡ˺ܶʬ徫֮󣬷ɫʼԵչ˲٣漴ĹעͨҲǿ˼֡
ȴɵ̲סĿʼ¶ɫ
£
ʮĿ£
̫ĲпЩ
ǿֲħˡޡħ滨ǸѰ֮ȵ̬չֳÿһֶžԵ
Ѱޣڽ첻𾳵ľ֮ʱĴҲû˵ǿͿֲģһﵽ˺εȵŭԹ֮£ȻӲӵ˵Ľѡ
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С񼫣ʵǹŹ֣ھϲңȴԺҶ൱
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ôҶϣһľѧˣһҶ챻һɿµĽѹסĻονǿˡ
һֻݵƻİ˷Դϡ
֮Ƿڷ⾪㵵֮УѶϢʼ˷ԺС
εȵȻĿԸоˣǰķкܶ黹û˵ģʵˣ˵ֱӵӵ˶ԷǷŭı飬ʼȡ˶Էļ䡣
ܿģϿʼ¶˾㵵ɫ
øСӣرԵһֿµĴڣһľѧϷûмġ
ǴʱķΧ֮Уһжʼһƥ
ķ˹嶼һεĴпʼΪصƻ
ԵģһΣķ˹군ˡ
Ҷ㡭ٶ㡭
ߡԣұ߰
ֻ׳պè۾ǵҩ𣿡
һǷ˹һصĿռд漴ĿռݣӰǱĴг
èǱޱȵĶ㿪һĲߡ
Ҳݡ
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ʱһϣνǴСսǷ
ȷǽѣ
è̲סĽе
ոȥʵЩ̫˰ɣż٣εĴӦûСڿԳֵİѵ˵СӰĳŮ˸ˣʼɣ
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˵ʱҶĻûԵĻڵһʱ䣬ѾĽ޾Ľ֮УǴʱû취ȥһ㡣
ȻڿʼʱҶѾ뵽ѻҵģҶȴû뵽ôңҾȻ󲿷֣ǿ˵ǾųɾŵĽѶ֣ʣµһ˿ȥŷ˹˳ȥƾǹһ˿ĴԷֱӵĵֿסˡ
ҡ
ռǿеչ˳
ϣ
һǹȻĴ̵ҶĿռ֮У˿ûɬһǹƣ˲ɱҶĿռ
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һö޴Ͻɫ񴸾Ȼ˿ûиҶ췴Ļᣬݺݵţ
ۡ
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ǿֲľʹΪҶˣ»ǿߣ˲ͱɱˡ
Ҫô𣿡
Ҷ̲סĿЦһģһ̣ȴȫ
һɾ춯صĽ
ĽŽɫ貵Ĺ⻪ȫ뵽Ҷڲ

л̾һģٴγһ׵磬׵黯һĳһ㡣
Ҷ屻ȫľ𣬰ΧС
žžž
һΣҶµ˼£ȴҲûа취ǿеĵֿסǱǿΧĴѡ
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һεĲ֮ನ˿ռıԵ쳹ġ
ʱҶѾ񸫡ǹħĻ塣
İ׹ǹѳѪɽ
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ٴεĳһըһ׵Ȼĳ֣Уƿһе谭Ҷǰ
Ҳ죬ϱ۸Ů𣿡
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ҲѹҶ˵ıߣֻһ׵羹Ȼֳһλðɫʣǳĳһҡҷž춯صɱ⡣
ף֮ΪĹעϵκεһ׵綼һӵĲɶԱȡ
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ۡ
ҶһѪ̲ס˳
屻˲˺ˡ
һһԵ˺ѵģǱε֮˺ѵġ
ѪɣԵĴſ²ĹɢžȻҲЩܲסˡ

ŭһҶǿеתת߱͡ħ߶Ǵܵľѧÿһִһִķʽת⣬ǡ߱ħڴĹ
ǿеת־ѧҶ˵ѣ˵ȴԵĲһ£Ϊϴ޾ʹ࣬ڽҪˡ
׵ǿ֮ν޷ģ˺ѵʹǻ˳˵ĻͱˣҶȴҧš
ϱѪȫȾ죬ɭȻİ׹˸ΪĹ⻪ÿһεĴϵʼһ֡
ռ򡪡
Ҷŭĺ
廯Ĵڣһ⻪ʼ˸ɫ֮ϵؿʼ̲ϵҶٻָ
ʱڲϵÿһļͰ׹档
ǰҶɽٶҪ˵ʹ࣬ƾǿǶ׽ٶ̫⡣
ۻƽʥ壬ϵСġ
Ҷ˫Ŀ¶˱˵âĺ
䡭
һϮ
һεǿĸЧ漴಻Ե
Щл桢ڰ˪
顭
ռٴεı˺ѵˡ
һΣҶڸоһ޷ڸǵƣ롭
ϿյҶ״εľˡ


1305 죨
ѵһҪ𣿡
ҶŹֵЦ
ǲĵЦݣ޷ڸǵĿɬ
Ϊʲô죬ȻѾˣΪʲôȴҼĳɳӻкܶûأ
䡭
ȴû˿ͣЪ˲֮У˺Ҷ塭

Ѫɣ׹ǱѹΪ˷ĩ
ҶϴŲĵ̬һɺݺݵȴ𽥵ʧȥԼʶ
һƺһ̣׵Ļƽ
𣿡
һ̣޾й÷ڵĹ𣬶λҲ漴Ļ촷ۣΪȼλǿĴǿ߼˲˺˰֮ĻҲΪ촷۵ġ
֮⣬֮أ޾ޣ̲סĽе
û˵ɫȴĿֲֻһֱ
ﵽ˴첻𾳵ΪԼĵҲ󣬵ȴڷŭĺܡ
Ҷ쾹Ȼˣ˵һ¡
˹ӱѹˣߣҪȥĹݷһµˡ
кݺݵڵΪǿᣬλҲǲȻҲһЩ뷨
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һ𻪹Ĺ֮УһλŮ裬Ǿմ˿˿ĵȻһ
ΧһУ˿⡣
һɫɫĳȹɫĳƺһжǺ
ž
Ķ˱ӵ˲䣬ǱӾȻѿˡ
Ĳˮû˿ϣǵ¶ȣȻûŮӵ⣬΢΢һͣüһֺʹĸо˳
һۣһģӰʧ
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˿˿Ϸʣȴһ
ž
ڵĵ˵ϣŮӵ¶һ
ƺˣƺ㯡
ƺǸоˣԼ֮УһԼ̼ˣ𽥵ʧʧ֮Ϊ
Ҫ𣿡
һƬɫĿռ䣬Ҷ̲ס૽е
ŬҪԼ˫Ŀƺ޷չǲҪķ˿Ķȴκε鶼Ҫ

ε̾ϢһҶεġΧһƬڰ
͡
һĹ⻪ͻȻĳҶǰһҶоԼȻԿΧһˡ
ǵһе˲䣬ȴ̲ס¶һĨŹֵɫ
ֻǰһƬڣһ̣ȴָΪΣǴ֮лĿġ
·һֻһ㣬⻪˸ҫһС
䡭
Ļ֮ʼ֣Щ֮Ĵ߶Χռתת˲֮䣬һſǳ֡
еǳȡ˻֮ķҫ۵Ĺ⻪еƺǼͷһ㣬ĹĹ滮һеһȲС
䡭
һ춯صԭǱǿգƺھ֮Уʼð漴һȻײ֮ǾȻٴεĽ뵽״̬
һٴεĳΪ˺ڰ

ڰ
ڰ

ܶʼҶҲ֪˶ٴεĹۿÿһεĹۿ֣ᷢеĸı䲻٣ȴ˵⵽Ĳͬ
ڴ˵ĸı䣡
һΣȴһܰĻ档
ӳͥ˻֡
һһŮ漴ĳ󣬿ʼ
е˧ŮߵĽƺǳΪ˶֣
Ȣޡӡ
һжԵøһ֮ĹҸǰ֮ȴȥˣŮӱߣ漴Ҳ˺󳾡
Ҷ𽥵Ŀʼƺһǿҵĳ嶯ĳ֡
漴Ļ治ϵĳ˳
ɱ¾ܰа顭
ֲϵҶǰһδεĳ֣ƺǵһٽϡ
ȻģһҶǰһĻ棬һԿȥʮ˾ŮæıһӣߵϴŻ̿֡Լิӵڿӵ˲䣬ǵȴ̲ס¶֮ɫ
ڵһ֮Уӷ뵽һ˼ҵǰʧҹĻ֮С
䡭
ҶԺһ̳׵ˣ
һ棬εȵϤȻ϶ԼһμȴԿ϶ǺӾԼ
ΪʲôΪʲôҪң
Ҷﻺĺ
Ϊʲô
𡭡
ŭ֮··ǰ׻Ժ֮Уĸ֣һУƺһȫľˡ
ƿأ֣һеһУʼ仯һеһжȫݻ

иֳ򣬵ȴݻΪΪµĴڡ
ʮµķĲϵ˸Χ˿µĹ֡
Ҷڲʮε֮ƣ
ҶȻ֪Լ⵽ôˣȴʶԼһ޴Ŀ飬һҪ򣬿ԹϵԼһ
ҵĵ·ҵǵġҵҵȭͷһеν谭еһУ޷ҡĵ
֮ٵأ
֮˺գ
֮תս£
֮بų棡
ԽĿֲһĨһִһǻۡһУȫĳ˳
ңңģʮ֮⣬ڷĳ߳
Ծ
ڼҪӽĿĵص˲䣬ɫȴȻһ䣺
Ծˣ
˦ǸоΪֲĴһ㡣
˵ɫ΢䣬ȴҪ˼ֱӵĳź浹Ŀ
¡¡
췣֮ԭǾֹɢӣڴʱȻٴεľۼұϸӵĿֲ쳣·ܵĪһ㣬Ĳ
ôӣ
޷ŵĽе
䡭
ٴεĳ֣ղŵֳƺǻҪҡ
ƺĳ飬׵ļŭһ㣡
Ǽһǻûɣ
̲סЩ㵵˵
ⶼĻǻ𣿡
λڼǿߣԼѵĺۼ̲סĴһµ˵
֮ٵأبų桭죬ҲҪκεң
ݳΧ˲ٴη
ٴνһƬռްս
˭ҲῴսһӰֵ˸˵ĹâǹâȻ΢ǡ죡


1306 ǿƶ
ȻŷƵϢ˿ûκε谭ӵûнκεԼ͡
Ӱ֣·֮⣬˷һС
ȴִųǹɱ⡣
͡
ɺ˸˼£˲񷣬ͬһ㣬ûκε谭Խ顣
ɺ죬Խľˣ漴Ĺ⻪ʼ
Ҷعˣ
оԼѪģޱߵľʹû˿⡣
ڸղţľȻı˲ͻƵԭڵƣһȫµľ֮С
һϻۣҶµһ
һΣҶ屻Ľѳ׵˺ѳΪ˷飬εȵ죬ȻˣÿһľΧš
Ķͻƣٴε¾ۼһ

ﻺغȵ
ɷ趯
ǳ
ǧǳ֮˴󽭴ӣϮ˹ȥ
Ϯ̲Ҷÿһļÿһϸ
һΣҶ峹׵飬ν̥ǣ
ĵһǾ
νǣǱǴӼ⵽ȫÿһ˿ÿһƳΪ۷ĲΡ
ҲһĪĸı䡣
¡¡
ԭۼ췣ۣ֮ƺǿʼŭǰϣȻһδεıԼ޷ƿصδɱһֺơ
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žžž
֮ϣһĹϵƿʼ
ǡ֮򡷵·
ʱҶΪһ·ڴ˽ϴľ֮Уͻƿνǽ뵽˿ׯһ㣬ǾΪϵĳɳ
еұɡ
֮ˮ֮֮ĲǿеļȡؼĻ֮ˮ֮ԼƥĽ֮
ľϵ̲Ҷϵ֮˲֮УѾҶñǰӵǿᣡ
֮򡷷貵Ĺ⻪˸֮Ум˸ϻѾﵽʮεĵز
оԼԴԴϵʼۣоˡ֮ǽǷҶҲ¶˾ϲɫ
һʵ̫λˡ
ʮƣǾʹʮļӳ֣ԭһٶ౶ҶоԼһԽһɽ
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䡭
ǳǳ֮ÿһγһɽĳ̶ȣĵ˼¡
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ΪҶľѾ׵ĳΪʵҶΪ˴ǿߣ޷ȥı䣬صķˣһɹǾͱɢ
ǲĵ췣ۣ֮Ҷ¶Цɫ
ͬʱȴҲΪԼ屻ǿеΪĩĻ췣֮ΪԼ£Լܵشʱ򣬿ɾͲļˡ
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СȻͻƵ˴ľ磬룬ҲǴǾһΪˣǿǿеĳֵĻСȴһֿסġ
ΪԭС۷ľ磬ԺԿôİգ
Щɵӡ
Ȼ΢Ӵˣȴ֪ԼԼԼΪԵĲȫİȥҶѹסġ
СĲ಻һģڵҶѾﵽ˴ľ磬ʵȻͻͽģܺǰһȥԸҶġ
ڲҪȴˣڵĸȡֻҪȫĳ֣ڵ϶޷սʤǵģѵˣڵΪʱ𣿡
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жʱһ
˵ĲȷʵһܺõĻᡭ
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СӣղС۷ĳ̶ȶ磬ɵһûᡭ
ǿ϶˵

ȷʵһᣡ
СɱôˣһĽǵļˣڣһҪɱСӡ
ǵģɱɱ
𽥵¶˿϶ľ֮ɫ
ɱ
Ҷ岻ϵļȡؼѸٵĲԼġ
˴֮ҶǸоԼÿһεĺ·ҪںһÿһεĺԭʮΰٴεЧ

оΧϢ˲ļأҶȻһ¶һĨɫ
ȻڴҵעҲãһΣǡõǿʩչһԼ
ҶεȵĴϻۣȻ֪Ⱥ˴ʲôע⣬Ϊͻ֮˼£Ӳ̫ҶȴһʮĹ̥µϣӵǿ
ۻƽʥԭǿǧٱĵز
ľ̲Чܿı㹮Լľ硣
Ⱥ˵ĵԵ
ɱ
һλϼĴͨǿȵĳ֡
һĴǺӶѣضڲȻ˵Ϊǿ󣬶һģӰƺҮʼһӰӣǿԸоѪŽΡ
͡
һ׽ɫĳìȻĳ֣
һǹһ㣬ͬ裬˲ⳤϵǰ
Ҷ쾹ȻһҲˣ
䡭
һ㣬Хϴݣķ˺ѵȻı䡣
顭
һǿĳϼޣ޷ŵĿԼ壬ǰһ޴ѪѪľͽȫĸ׵Ľˡ
˷ɣ
顭
һֻȵץס˶ԷԴȻ˺ѡ


1307 뺷
˷ݺϣ
ֱ
ϣ
һ׽ɫì貵Ĺ⻪Ķʮλǿߣ𽥵ɢ
ٶ֮죬޷
˴󾪣ɫ䣬Ǳվ֮ϣϴ޷ƿصı顣
һж̫ѸˣǵʵǿĺܣǶǳ޷󵽵ĴǿߣǵһУ˵ӻ֮ԺǵȻ
𺳣ޱȵ𺳣
һеķǵԤϣ
͡
˺ǳϵԴͶȥ
ǻðԴ޷ŵɫһ˫Ŀھ޷ϣ
ȻҶٶȣȻ
Ϸ
ɫתͨһӡǴȥ˿µ˸۳Ϊ񵶡
ӳģ˲ľˣһɱ
ߡ
һ߻Ĵݡ
ҶȻıȥӰ˸µ߲ħߵϢ

ʱҶµ֮Ѿﵽĵز
͡
ǳûѡȥܣֱӵıҶֿ˹ȥ

ͬǻӴȻı޵Ĳ
嫵ײΧǿߣǸоԼѪһȼա
䡭
аħǿе˺գҶ󲽵ǰȥ
ҡƣ
һǾ춯صаħϢϵĵ
顭
Ƶļӳ֮УҶֻԵתʮƵ㹻Ĳƥֻڵʯ𻨰ʱ֮УаħȻ˾㵵Уǿеն˷Ľ
͡
·ħʵĵʼ֡
ɫ䣬Ҳûı㽫ߵһλڼǿ˹ȥ

ڼǿߣȻû뵽߸ϵķȻΪԼȥԼܡ
Ĳҽһ֮ħȴû˵ļٶȡ
ۡ
Ѫɣ
һѪӿʼȾղ񷣡
ž
Ҷ쵥ֳֽϴЦЦɫоһĿпʼʷΪµģ
ǰķȻǰǸ߸ϵĴɽĸо෴ǣҶоԼʱĽǰķնɱˣԼڵľ֮ʱǾΪǷȻﵽ˴첻𾳶ľ磬Ҷָо
ʵȻŴ첻𾳶ľ磬ڵΪھþõıչ֮Уûлָȫʢʱڣ෴ǣȫʢľ磬ҪһĵΡ
ҲǴ첻𾳵һѡ
ǼˣҶڵǿȴҲɵġ
ġ
֮Ƿǽһŭ
ȻԼ棬Լ˵ܣһʮĿɶ
ϣ
аħһ̰ĳȻǸղŵһйоѪζˡ
㾹Ȼû
Щ̲ס˵
ǾȰɡ
Ҷ츧ϵаħ˵
ֻھȣұС㣬ԭıӦý㳹׵Ļɱģȴû뵽һ֮ɥʧԭĻᡭ
Ȼû˿ı飬һ˫Ŀ֮ȴſµâ
е֮УŷŭʡԹ໥ںϡ
Ҷ춼һ˵۾֮оȻ԰ô
ˣþӵӦ㣬û뵽һֻССϣȻĿԺͱ
ΧѾγһĴڣеŭǴﵽ۷塣
ķ˹һγ׵군ˣΪһССҶ죬ȴһг׵ĸˡ
˱ҹŵû
ʱҶ죬ȻȥƵȴʮľˣһַֻϵһλͬǿߵֶΣڵ
͡
ƻ˷צһצץסҹ塣
ʲô
ҹɫŤĺ
ס˶ԷĲӣû˵ǷȻû˵ȴƺԼĲ²⵽뷨
ʲôһеĸԴΪ㣬䣬ҷ˹εܹյأڣøҶ

ӿҹʵ̫ˣֻ˲䣬Ѿ׵˺塣
䡭
Ѫɽ֮У·һ΢һ㣬Ҷ캱¶һƵЦݣ
Ҷ죬ҲˣĸԴѾˣҷ˹ڳ׵군ˣأҲõԼҪģ룬ӦҲ˰ɣһΣҷ˹ĲԣֻҪǱţģԶĲַҹս壬Զĺҹսѡ
ҶЦˡ
ЦΪһеķʵгһֻĸо
ν䱣˧ǲò˵ⷽҶǰû˿á
ҵȻɢ˲٣ǡȴȫɢˣһˣǿԽĻǾ㹻ɢеŭˡ
һŤԵĻĺ뽫Ҷ쳹׵˺ѵͺ˺ѵҹһ޶ԼԭжǴģҶڽ֮󣬾Ȼûκӡ
ľѧжôǿ뵽ЩͿʼԵĺڣԼ͸øϽ뿪뿪ĻҲһҲͲᷢġ
ܺãϲɴˣ˵ɣ㻹ʲô˲Ź
ﻺ˵
˵ôԶʱˣǽĻƺҲһ鰡
֨
ݷ˽ҧĦ
˫ĿɵùԲϴŷŤ
һ߸ϵǿߣҶĻǷľǲԼ
˭ܹʸǲԼ

ǰҶȴˣԣ
֪ǰҶǿ£еķ˹ĵǵȴ̲ס¶һĨŹֵɫ
ɱ
ĺ
ڵ֪ˣǰҶ죬ǾǾԵĲŹԼģ
֪ƺһЩ
ϣ
аħ͵˸ҶЦ
Ӿڵ仰أ
ϣ
һ޴ĳ֣ꪳҲʼʩչԼΪǿıС
ꪣ
һꪣ׳̶ȣ޴趯ΧĿռ䶼׷׵
Ȼһǿ߰ıꪣſû뵽ȻУ
Ҷ쵭˵
ȻǰǿᣬȴҲǧеǿߣһ꪿νɱ
ϣ
ݺᣬһ죡
ȥڰɣϷһֱڻԼڵȻȫʢʱڣǽһ㡭
û£һֻȴǰ
ƽ񣬷·һƷ
Ǿӵһֻ֣ȴסİꪣ
ͽֵס
̲סĽ
һ̣ȴһľʹаħѾڲ֪ͻǶĸ֮С


1308 Ĺ
㡭
ϵĴ޷ŵɫҶ졣
ڿԼϵһϸӵ¶޷ŵɫ
һꪣǲģڰʩչ㡭ʸ񣡡
顭
Ҷ쾹Ȼǿеʩչƣ֮ת˼¡
ꡭ
һĹҶƿʼǰꪾȻǿеˣ
Ϊĩ
ǺεȵֶΣεȵľˣ
еˣһ̣̲ס¶˵ɫ
͡
аħǿеʩչһ衣
޷ŵбҶǿе˺ѳΪΣ
ɡ
Ƶ֮ʼʩչѸٵĽԷһоɽ뵽Լڲ
ԴԴϵ֧ţоһǿҵ̲Ч
Ǵµǿߣϵ;ȻҸоԼһ˿ı䡭
ɱĻǶ
ĺ
ۡ
һѪǷȻʩչ˰ͼ¼
ͼ¼˿˿Ĺ⻪из޵ӡǡ
⾹ȻԷ޵ɵġ
ͼѹ
ۡ
ʮλĳϡڼǿԼǺĵĵ³ԼľѪ
ͼĹ⻪ʢ
λǿߣͼںһ𣬳Ҷնɱ˹ȥ
͡
ռ䱻˺ѣĲסҶ塣
ߣΪڵҺԭһ𣿡
ҶЦһ߶Լۻƽʥ壬ʩչϰԵ׵İӡȭ
ӡȭÿһҶĽɱԾ£ңϵѪڹȼգγһľת
䡭
ӡȭݻһУһȭһŷͼ
䡭
ǿٱļӳ֣Ƿͼ̲סĴ˷˵İ
Ҷ첻ΪȻ󲽳ǰһȭÿһȭԴգһƬռ佫Ϊڶ
ǰԵ̬Ǿ˵Ķƥƣν˼亱ǿ
ۡ
˵ѪһȴʮѪ
ǸоҶÿһεĻȭͷȭǿͷ·Ǵǵһ㣬ûа취ȥֿסеͷҪһ
ꡭ
һ֮쳹
һŷͼ澹Ȼѿһ·϶һ̲סĴͷ˳
áͼҪˣ
д󺧡
ͼһֻ޵һСسɵģ̲ŷƥͨǳҪȥһ£ܵǿĳ
Ҳֻз޵ѪſԴ߶
ҶȴƾԼͼƣ
ǻֶܹã
Ҷﵭĺȵ
ʮһƣ
ٴεʮ
һʮ
ꡭ
ڵһٴεĳ֣һΣķͼ涼˱Ч

Ĳҽλǿߵﴫݳ
һ̣ȴһȭĳ֣Ϯһ㣬ѹƺ

ҶȭƥǾ˷Ұʩչһһ
ͬɱݽ棬·ͥŲ˼ʤһ
Ʈ߲֮ת˼¡
֮Ǽӳֵһô˵ĵز
ڵ첻𾳵ǿ߶ʵȥӦӲҪ˵Ⱥͨˡ
顭
ڵһǿߵٴεıǷͼҲûа취ʩչֻзǿͼҧ֡
䡭
һ͸˷ͼ˲һš

﷢һһ˫ĿʱѾ仯Ϊ˴͵״̬޷ŵĿҶ졣
ϣһϰߴСѪ
еľһеһ׵ĶϾˡ
Ҷ졭㡭ú
弱ٵŤޱȣڵ˵ˣֻ·һһ̣һϢȴݻ
ߡ
Ҷβ׶Է˼
ԵҪԱ
ƻ裬׵ĽԷǿеķ
괫Ҷֱӵӵ˶Է
һļһڵ㣬ֻܹˡ
ٺٺ٣һҪˡ
èЦһڽͼȥ
ȻͼѾˣеȴûɢ
֪ʲôطðĻ쵰Ҷ漴Ĺ˹ָ¶˹Цݣ
εջ񡭡Сɣ
èϵı˲Ĵͣʯˡ
ȻĻɱˣ
ǵһ֮
ҹս徹Ȼһλ˿µǿߡ
ңң֮Уҹսħ˻˳
Ȼ˵ȺˣҶһˣҶȴûһ㣬ԵʵǰδЧģǷʵǿԵֿġ
Ϊһ峤ҹսħû
һΣҹսջܴ죬һΣȫԭ塢ɱһ塢һжɨһա
ΧΪ˷ķ˹壬ȴ̲ס¶һĨεɫ
˹ų֮еǿĻȷʵ˰Ȼһλ첻𾳵ǿߣҺãҺð
ǼһȻҪȥٻĿ¼һ˵Ļʥ֮е¶ᱻǿеѹġ
Ҷͷ˵
ϧϧ˹ر϶ǲٵģȴһεĴս֮ʧˣϧ
ҹ̲סĸ̾
ҶһķЦõĿǲ٣ͺè߽˹ر󲿷ֵĶˣҲֵ˺ܶġ
ررϢ
ͻȻһλҹսĵ̲סĽ
Ҷ΢΢һ
˹廹СİȻıط˺öĵطղء
ҲһռĲ

ҶıԽĹŹ
Ҳݣôܣ
ϻǳһֻӬһ֡
ֳ鴤Ļ߾ԵҪôѿжôѿ
ôر֮أĶڵѪ
ĳһεĴսкôİôرȻʩչͨΪռϵ˺ѣǻ޷ҵ
ҹսħ̾˵
ܿģһĿռ䱻˺ˡ
Ȼ߸ռ䣬עһⱦںһ𣬳ϣ͸
˹壬ǺųΪǿĹ尡رĳ̶ȣҹսҪ̫ˡ
ҹսħ̾˵
ҶҲΪȻĵ˵ͷ
ôõʱ䣬ϵ٣Ȼı󲿷޷ԼЩȽϣԼɲǾôķŹġ
¡¡
֮УһƵĲ
һӰ˺տʼ˸
˹֮лҰ׻սرҹսλЩ֣

ѧҲʧ˷˹֮Сȡأ
Ҷı飬ı


1309 ޳ܣ壡
Ұ׻ս䱦ҹսǿǣӡ
һϵݳ
˼ԦһƥϵսޣƺȴŲãϢ߶һƬɱϢϾȻҲһɿµ֮
˹壬ԭҪģȴû뵽ҹս徹ȻҲ˵ľģ͸ǣ⵹ԵЩѰ
һλϴ˿˿ɷǿ߻Ŀ˵
֮Уһ˭Ϣ
ҹսħɫޱȵ
һˣȻ˵İԵ޳ܡ
Ǻò׽һг׵ɨˣȴû뵽·ϾȻɱһȺҪĻ쵰ſڵıҪԼ˵սַǿѾû˶ٵˡ
衢Ĺƨ
ҹƢΪ𱬣ֱӵָһλ׻ս˵ǿߣŭһԻĿǱ÷쳣
ղҹսսʱսˣȴƨ߹˵ĶУǵƤǹĵġ

׻սһλȻĺ
ŽĲ죬쳹
һ׻ľת֮ϣǽɫİ׻Ե˾ѧģܹϵ뵽ΪѾԵĴﵽ˴ͨľˡ
ҹսħþδˣȴû뵽ҹսڣ˵Ĵֱɲ
ӵЦ˵
𣿡
ҹսħЦ
һΣ˵ĺܸɴ࣬ô䱦ҹսҪȫߵĻǱȽѵģǷ˹ˣεȵǿᣬǱźƽԭ򣬲ȥͶԷֵĽ֣ŵ䱦ؼʧ̲סҪˣȴû뵽ǾȻǰ棬һ㣬ǿ϶ȴֻܹмҹս壬ǰ׻սҹսԶѵĹϵһΣ㲻ñѿɡ
ۻ
׻ս峤
ӿƴʵȴ֮ȻƤ˵еرһҹսĹ˵ҹսĲˡ
οģһΣҹսĹռ塢ɱһԼ壬룬Ҳ˰ɣ
һλϵķ·ʱ߻Ŀ˵
콣ߣΪֵĽͽںһ˷Ǻس׵໥һ壬γ콣һľ硣
Ȼ˵ʵҹսħˣȴԵĲߣ
һķ˼ɵġ
һµЦ
ҹսһλڼǿЦ˵
ڿʼʱûг֣ȴ赭дĽĨȥΪ𣿡
ߡں峤˵ֵõ㿪ˡ
Ȼŭȵ
·ܵ˼һ㣬Ȼıŷ
ڼǿȻʵȴҲֻڴͨľѣ޷ĺͶԷԿڸо˶Է˵ĳ֮˵ͷ·һµĴɽһ㡣
ŵŵţ
ڼǿ߾ȻԷĽͽںϵϢǿеıȥ
ݡô޳ܵ𣿺Ƿ˹˲ȥȴѡ۸ǣΪҹս۸𣿡
ҹսĵӿȥˣֱӵŭ
ǣôôĲҪСүĻɴֱĨˣ䣬ֱ˾Ԫ
޳ܰɵƣûм˵ɵơ
λ峤λǿߵɫĿʼ仯
ϵĳ鴤Ĺ󣬷ѾĪŭ
ڵȻûмҶ֣ǴҶǷԿϢϣԵҲɵԭ֮һ
ҹսħ˵ɣһΣô죿ˣΪֻҪѰҵʧȥıѣǲĻǾͲҪǲˡ
׻սİۻһ˸ɫ⻪ĻĿĳҹսħ˹ȥ
һεҹսν㳲Ƿ˹صǿߣȻ֪ж٣ԭǴ֮ģֻû뵽ҹս徹ȻӮˡ
ʤˣҲʱҹսǿ߿϶۵Ҫûа취ȫĶԿ˵ǻѡҹսǿǣȫɱǡ
Ļ˵ӵΪõ䱦ġ
ҹսħȻҲǵ˴ʱ״ˣȻǹϵ壬һ˵ʵ£еСһЩռƣԼҹսǿߣÿһλ˴սನϻٵĶʼƣ
Ǿʱ˫ĿȴҶ쿴˹ȥ
ӿʼΪֹҶͺһλ۵ĺĵһ㣬Цվû˿ı̬
ӣҹսħжʱһ
Ȼ뵽ˣԼ߿ǻҶһǿߣǿ첻𾳵ĹǿߣĿ¼һﰡ
ȻҶüͷԵ֮漴չжϢǷ
վǰλ峤ûв²ݵһ̣Ѿ˵ˣ

һ֣ȴֱӣ·˿ûλ峤һ㡣
ҶǲۣǴʱﵽ˴ḷ֮̌ѵ˲˿뷨
Ϊһ㣬ҲŻӵֻǽ䵱һλССĺĵӶѣҴĺĵӲ
һѵˣλ峤ɫǽһѿŤ
ǣĵϣ׵裡
С㾹Ȼ˵ķ֪𣿱ǰۻƽնɱǿߣҹսħҺ˵ķúúõĽѵ㡭
䡭
ҶȻıŷһɿµ
ʱѾһ׻ѪħϿ֮УõħصĴУǰ׻ѪԵĸ߼ޱȣǱޣʱŷȥ˲ͬһ㣬ݺݵѹƹȥ
ϵѪŨ˼£Ѫ緢֮Уҽ䣬Ұ
ۡ
ۻɫ䣬һѪȻ޷Ƶ˳
ߣֱӵıɳȥ֮УﾫѪ֮ϸǷųž
ת˲֮䣬е˵ɫı仯
ϾȻ˵Чδ֣ȴѾλǿķɳһ̣ǵɫɷ
Ҫ𣿡
ҶһᣬԴЩ޳ܵļһҪֶΡ
¡¡
ٴεıŷұղŸӵ͡
Сô硭
䡭
һϻĳ֣ʱģ˵ǰһλ߳֡
һλڼǿߣʵﵽ˴ͨ۷壬ҹսħȽǸǿһЩ
ס֣
ϵƾȻҲ漴չһ漴չֳҶϵƷײһ֮һѺߵмյնϡ


1310 ɱ¾
ס֣
ҶЦظ仰һɺ·һ󲻶ϣȻŷ˸͵Ϣ
ʲôЦҶľȻЩǿ֮У㲻ǿ£սȴԵĲЩǿ߿ȥֿסģЦ֮û¡
˲䣬ϵѪȻΪ˲һ㡣
̩֮չֵ쾡£һ˫Ŀʼʵһ㡣
˵ס־ס֣ʲô
Ҷ˿ûпĺ
žžž
ƱŷԽͣռ䶼ڲһڣɫһ漴ݻΪɫٴεıɫɫ
ڵģһѪҲûŵ˳
·ܵĪ˺һ㣬ȫû˸ղŵְ෴Ǳή˵ɫ죬ȻǴԪ̬
ߣǲҪ𣿽գҾ㿪
Ҷ˵Ѿ̤㶯
ҡ
峤Ӧ죬ҹսħҲǳصģֱӵǰȥ
һлûüҶȭͷȴѾƥѪĶĳ֣ӡȭݺݵغɱȥ
ֱӵһȭ
飡
ֲı֣һȭ·һʯײ㹻һƬڵĿռ䶼γ˹Ͱ̬
䡭
ߵ徹ȻҶĶ˲Ŀʼĩ
ķѲ˵Ѫ׹ǶĳΪ˳
ֻһжѣ
ҶȴѾһ峹׵ĸѵˡ
ͨ۷ǿߣһб
еˣһ̣̲סĵһ
ǺεȵǿǴһλСɢ
Ļ쵰Ҫ㳥
峤ĺ
սŷһ޴Ŵ֣ݺݵѹ

Ҷ컰Ҳû˵䣬ֱӵĻӶԼȭͷ
ȭȭӡ죡
ʱİӡȭνİȭͷͬУضڲ
͵ľȭ⡢ȭһ̳׵뵽Ҷ쾫֮С

飡
ȻɲǼĻķѵ״̬
ֻһȭ˵Ч
ɣҶǲʹ˰ݵġ
߲̤㣬˷·һֻɽһ㣬ȭͷ˳Ƶٶ
䡭
ۡ
Ѫ·ǹľˣϵҶ컯˴ɽݺݵѹȥ
Ѫ񱩵Ť·֮һڲϵԼġ
ֻһ̶ѣ峤оԼҲ޷ܣ֮УоϢվĻûпס

ҶƲˣ
ȭͷ·ǲҪǮĻ
һȭȭ
˾㵵֮У峤ȻĴˣ
һ㣬һȭȭķϵȫĻܣ޷άϵȥ
ħһһħ
еصģ޲ʼ
壬һϵ壬ҹս˵࣬ǵǿĺܣһǿߵѪһǿߵ֮ߵѪͳǿƥķǾ˵ĺܣ嶼Ѷá
Ҷˣǿ߶ĳ֡
һ֣Իϵǿ׵ѹԷġ
ȴû뵽һǸӿֲļһҶССͣҾҲǴǾΪˣȴͽֵĽ峤һλڼǿˡ
СѾħҹս壬ǽΪʥĹǵѾˣǵ֮ѾΪħҪеˣҪһѹ㡭
䡭
Ҷָٵʩչ
˲ʱ̣ŭ֮˵Ѿ׵ı
üĿʼһĽϵĴڲͷų
˾Ȼ콣峤
Ҷġ߱񽣾ǹǿݻģ߱ɱħɾϵĽȻӵĿ£Ҷϡ߱񽣾ζֻԵʩչ˶ԷڽѣԶ緢
ͷ㡭ϵĽ⣬ǿҸӵ߱񽣾İ
ҶЦ
֮ٵʩչ곹׵
ʵ֮Խ
֮еĹϵı
һĽ⿪ʼԸǶȵĳ֡
ЩÿһҶڵҶڲҶı໥ںϡ
͡
˫Ŀ֮УƺǴ񽣣еĽʮ㣬ŷ֮У˺ǿߵ
ãСһħаħѾ뵽˿µľأλһ֣ȫѹס
ĺ
ɱ
ҵҲ˵ĺȵ
ʵϣȴ̲ס˺µĲ
Ҷɫ䣬֣
߱񽣾費ϣ䣬ضĽ
һ޴ʻʢһʻÿһƬĻ궼˸űϢͲơ
һʢʻȻȫĽݺύ϶ɵġ
Ĺ⻪˸˵ɱ⡣
˵̲סĲһɱĸо֮䣬ԼĿʼɢ˼£漴ͷǣ
䡭
ŷʻ˲ŵ˼£ֱӵƥɱ

һǿߵĲ˸һɺ죬оԼ屻ĲҽȻץסԼĲӣƺǴǿеİס
һУֻͽͰˡ
ѪȪһ㣬Ҫ
Ҷ߲ϣͬǽߣÿһεߣеİעϵĽǿĽ뵽˽֮УݻΪΪֲɱС
СǲС
ܰ
һħԾĵħǷ޷֮Ҫϱϱ
˵ĺ
͡
ҶĲ˿Ļᣬ˻Ϊϵޡ
ÿһεĶһɾ޴ɱѪ֮Уıһ޴˻ңǱϵĵˣûһλǿԶȥġ
͡
ɱ
зĺ
ϣ
Ȼһǿеĵֿסˡ
һλĿ콣ǿߡ
ޱ飬Եüƽ
ǶԷϾȻһĽ⣬ᣬȴ˵Ľ⣬峤û˵Ϊ
ߡ
ƺǿҶ¶ɬ̬ȻĿʼǷ
콣һλǿߣϵĽҲǴ֮ĻҲܵõôµĽ
ֻؽ
һſԶĽ
صͨӵֿסҶġ߱񽣾ϱԿĳ
Ǵ˵ΪҲǴͨľ硣
ҸȣԵķʽǿеȥġ
ȻſսʤڼǿߵʵȴҶɱ

ﵭĺȵ
Ҷӳ˼֮˹
еİʼ˱ղŸ貵Ĺ⻪
ٱӳ֣
䡭
ɲ
Ĺ⻪Χնʼòݻ˷ĳ̶ȡ
߱񽣾ΪǿģķƥĽĽ⣬καǿĽǿ󣬼ǳҲѡɵͺɵĽһ㣬һĽҪõ
뵽ЩҶġ߱񽣾ݺ۳ң˰˻֮ء
ֻأ
ӵɫ䣬û뵽ԼеĽȻҶ˿նϴ飬ǿֲѹĻڶڱ
䡭
һٱӳ֣εǿ󣬵ȴҲ޷ֿڶԷ޷ŵ֮УҶѾǿеĿסԴ
ɡ
֣Ļĳ֡


1311 𶯣뿪

Է귢ĵĺ
Էǽһ֮ӣ˫⡶ֻؽ̲صİһɶûзӳΪˣԽսˡ
˵ΪǿһЩĻǾԵĿʥ֮УɾһƬصġ
һеһжˡ

һ꣬Ҷǿɵ֮
ҶȻ֮ɫ
Ȼǡֻؽһֻ˵ĳѧ˵Ϊɲ⣬Ϊ˹Źֵĺܣһλϵǿߣʧ٣Ľ˲ֻصİ
һűġ߱񽣾СǸǿĽ
ҶȴɵǿתԼġ߱񽣾ǡֻؽİȫ
⡶ֻؽǺǿ󣬵ȴʺҶķ
෴ǡ߱񽣾Ȼܲ硶ֻؽɱ֮УһǰĽԼصְȻϢȴԵʺҶ챾ˣΪؼǣ߱񽣾ɵĽϵؽгɳ
Ҷ˵κεһֿ½޷ȥԱȵġ
Щ֮Ȼѡ˷ֻؽ
ӹ
ҹսħһƵĿһλǿߵ壬ϵӿʩչԷ壬԰ٲ̬ݺݵؽɱ顣
ʱеҹսĵǷ׷׵һְȻ̬նɱǵĵˡ
ܹˣ
ȫܹˣ
սĺᣬܵ˵裬ȺˣȻǵı
⣬񡭡ԭˣ
Ҷһʱв˸Ľģ
һķģɢ˾춯صͲ
ЩǡֻؽҪڡ
콣꣬ȻڵõһŽϰ˺ܾãȴվûҶԣʡ
Ҷ֮ǻ۲ϵĳɳȻϣǶԷȥ󵽵ġ
ת˲ʱ̣޾ĽģҶĸٺͿ£ٵĲ
ںϡ
ﵭ˵
һεںϣǽϵġ߱񽣾ͶԷĽȫĴںϣ⡶߱񽣾·ǻΪһֻ֪һ㣬·ӶΧһнġ
ÿһεӶᣬ⡶ֻؽ̲صĽ⣬ѡȥҶġ߱񽣾Կվ֮ûܵ˵ƿأεķڵҶ죡
䡭
һĿǿߣΪ˰ԵҶ쾹Ȼս֮ͣ
жʱĴϲ
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˵Ϊֲǿᣬӹǣ˵˼£ʹٶȷӡ
͡
Ҷ˫ĿȻˡ
âȻһɺ֮б

һ֣ȴ˾캧صĽ⡣
ǿϴ޷ŵɫһ֮Уȴ·ܵǧϮһ㣬֮УȻĽбŷȥ
һ֮䣿
ʣǣеĵѾ˼¡
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ڵ̲סĽ
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ǣǳһһбѾΪ˶֣
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ҶΪģĽȻϸȻıȥÿһĽֻ̲߱صɱ⣬ʱҶ콣ȻǴﵽ۷ľ硭
һս
ҹսһҶһµǿ֣߳ȴûн״ı䡣
һεսȴҲҹսջ񣬴ﵽһ˵ĵز
塢˹塢׻ս塢ɱһ塢塢콣塢塭
Ĺ壬޲ҹսǿϴһա
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ҹս屻ǰ׻սȹвȻģǵǿ߶֮ȴҲŹǵĹġ
һ̣ҹսΪʥ֮е֮һǱǷ˹嶼Ҫǿٱ
Ȼû֪ҹսεսʤôĹ壬ҶȴǴ˳ȥ
һʱ䣬ҶϢҲ漴ʥ֮ȥ
δѧԱһµĵطʥӵݣԺǿ߽а壬ͨǿ߶
ҲҶ챾Ⱦһصɴ
ҲҪٴεĽչ֮УһҹսνսʤĹ壬ջ֮󣬾Ե峤޷ģһжĹͣ죬Ҵҹսл㡭
ҹսħϴŸмɫ˵
ˣҹս֮УȻĲ㣬˵Ҳջܶ࡭
Ҷ쵭˵
ʱѾԺҹսħ໥ƽƽˡ
ʵϣҶԸоҹսħ򵥣ǷҪǿֻ࣬ǲ֪һΪʲôҪԼʵЩҶ˵㲻ʲô
ҹսħ֮ûжٵĳͻ
뷨ǺܺãһΣҪˣطҪСһ£ΪܶǿԪǿ߶ʱĻҪʱССģСģﲻʥ޾ǿ˵ʥҲֻһ۵ĴڣЩǿߣ˻߳ʥ뵽ģ㲻һѧԱ߳ȥʺǿҲ߳ȥԭԤУԺ㣬Ϊһδ棬ʱҹսҲΪġ
ҹսħ̾˵
Ҷ̫ǿˡ
꣬ǿĳ̶ȣκε˵ǾԿµĴڵģ
һҪ㣬ǧĲҪȥͼԼй¶ƥﻳһ֪ܣѡսɱ㣬̫Ӵˣһ߳ȥǾҪ̫ˡ
ҹսħ̾˵
Ҷá
ҶԸоڵҹսħڸԼ˵ĵһ߹ĵķʽûȥܾ
УҹսȻǹ壬֮ϣȴһֿµĴڣĻǧҪСġ
˵ʱҹսħ϶̲ס¶˾ɫ

Ҷ΢΢һ㶡
塢塢塭ЩѾµ壬ʥĹ嶼ҪǿЩҹս֮صģţǵѪǿĺܣͬһ㣬Ŷ˵ĳνĻһɴˡ
Ҷϴ˿˿˼֮ɫص˵ͷ
ȴ̫⣬ϣ̲صĹѾĳ˳
Ȼּ̲صĺ壬ȴԴиоһɿµս⡣
ҵ֮Уһ㣬ռ£
Ҷİ˵
ռ£
Ǻεȵĺ飬˵ҹսħ֪Ҷ뷨ǾԵĻ𾪵µġ
Ϊǰ׹̳ɵĵ·ŵʬΪݵĵ·


1312 ż
·
ֳ֮Ϊʥ·
Ǵڵͨ
ҲһҶѡ뿪ĵ·
֮ԼҴҵ뿪˾˵ʱԶ֮⣬Ҷ컹һָо溵ʧ٣ƺʥ֮С
ʧȥϹΣѾҶ޾İˣ溵ʧ٣Ҷ춼ַĳ嶯ȻҹĻ֮УҶʱ޿̵Ĳ
֪ˣ˭溶ߵĻҶһᡮúõġǽһģ
溵Ǳͷ˹ķּ֮˴ߵģºȴֱ˸ˣȺˣҶ쾹Ȼû˿ѶϢԷò֪ʵ˶һֵ۵ĸо

³һҶѾƾԼʥ˸飬ȴҲû溵ټԵ溣ʥΧǾֻȥѰˡ
ǰʥ·Ҷû˿ԥ̤ȥ
һʥ·֪˶ʱ䡣
һаٵݣ㳤ȴ̶̵ֳ̬İٵݣҶ쾹Ȼ޷͸ϲһͨδ
ӨӨĹ˸
ϵֵ棬ÿһöֶһǿҵĲƺѹĳִһ㡣
ҶڵΪԸоеĿ¡

Ҷ̤㵽һݵ˲䣬ǰȻǳơ
ǡ
Ҷ΢΢һһ֮УһɴȴȻİΧס壬ҲһѸٵĴȥ
뿪𣿡
ҶʧӰҹսħ˵ϴһĨ㯺Ͳϵɫ
ǰˡʥ֮Уţʥ·Ѿٵûʹùˣ֪ʲôʱع顭
ҹѵõ¶һĨɫ˵
ǰ
λڼǿ¶廳ɫ
ⱲӿҲûʵ뵽ˣȴԣսѪܹǿ֮ݺ۳ңҲǵһҫˡ

ҫ
˵¶˿ĵɫ
ʲôƨҫҪСӣԶĻع飬ǵϣ׵𣡡
һλͻȻ˺գȻ̤뵽һʥ·֮ϣϴŷɫ
ãҹʲô
ҹǵɫ䣬޾ķŭĺ
ʶҹսһλϼǿߡ
ҹЦϵĿˣ¶˹ɫ
ʲôǻ²ⲻҪһʥ·СӣԶĶܹعˣʥǿյһϵ᳹׵ĸı

ҹսħɫ΢΢һŭǳ⡣
ߣҹսħһְɣΪϼңΪʲôѡôԶĲ֪ģΪҹĶӣҵĶӣ˰ɣ
˵¶˹Źֵɫ
ҵΪҵΪѸٵߣҺ໥ںϵģһУǶ֪ģǰҶ죬ҵĸ䣬ǲϣҶ컹Զ޷ع鵽
䡭
Ϸ貵Ĺ⻪ȻһѡˡԱ
һеķҶǲ֪ģڵ𽥵ӦԼڵٶȡ
Χǿղϵǰɢ
ϣһңԸоڵ꣬ںԼңң໥Ӧ
Ȼһʥ·㲻ͨڣȴҲǺ֮Զġ
ΧĿռ䲻ϵ䶯ɢĲҶٴεĸо˿ռĲ
ʵϵĴ쾳֮УҶû뵽ԼȻʮķΧﵽ׵ƿطΧ
׵ĿռȻֲȴҪߵƿؼɣ˵Ҷ컹֮УᣬȻĲŹ
ڵȻĽ뵽ҶҲ˷ʱ䣬ֱӵı˫Ŀ
ΧĿռ˵һ㣬ϵҶĺʼĳĥһЧ

ռ֮չ
ʱĿռ֮ҶĴ쵽ǧ׵ĳ̶ȣ
ռ֮ȻֻһֻȴĿռ
ռʱΪµⱾԴչҶԺ֮Уʱĸֳ
ɫǿգҶǰڰ෴Ŀ
ΧĿռ䲨ʼıü
ĹâһԻ̬뵽Ҷ֮С
ǿռ֮ģռľ飬Ҷռ뵽һոµĵز
žž
Ĳʼݳ
һʥĲŲĳ֣Ҷ˫ĿȻ
䶯չ
̡
ﵭ˵
͡
ҶٶȾȻ˲ٱĳ̶ȣ
ǿֲٶ֮£Ҷ춼ǸоԼڷһ΢˺
ٶ̫ˣ
ҶһֿռãԼ֮УԼٶȡ
ͻأʱҶ嵤֮УȻ΢΢һľȻ˳ɵĲ
ֻǶ̶̵ôʱ䣬ȻͲ˵ĳ̶ȣ
ҶĿЦ
ֻת˲ʮӵʱѣҶ쵤֮УӴ㹻ǳǧزĴȻһ롣
һаҲܳõģĻ˻Ҿ͵ˡ
ҺõģǿڲȻӣǶҶڵ˵ֻǺḶ́ԽЩӵΪԼҪġ
ΪǸԭĻָٶȺֹ˰ٱ
оԼĵڲǷɿָҶ컺Ц

ҶüͷͻȻһ
оΧƺǿʼЩŹ
ռ֮Ч㹻˸ĸоǿռĲڸղţڣڸоΧԵĴһ˺ѵĲ
˺ѵĸоͷ·Ǳһֿµնһ
͡
Ҷ컹û˼٣һ̣һɫĹâѾٵſռıԵ˹ȥ
ǿֲҶ춼Ȳѡ
Ȼһˣҵ
ɳƵĺܣ漴һɫĹ⻪չֳֻһλӣЦݵĿҶ죬ӣ̬ƺΪ˷ܡ
һɫ˸̰â
Сӣңã
ԷթһЦȻ̼ĻһɫĹ⻪Ҷȥ
ϵĵҩ;ʯˣû뵽Ȼ㣬첻Ұ
ǿЦԵڵ⡣
ߡ
ҶޱһҲ̫໪Ķһֻֻ
ƻʵĶȴΧĿռ䣬һںŤŤĻ߶òٵĿռ俪ʼ


1313 аħļ¶
ӵ꣬Ҷ첻ʧ˵սҲĵӡ
һֻƮƮģмӵ﷢
ǾɲǼ䣬ҶȴȻĸı䣬·ǻһ̫ɽһ㣬͵ƹϮ˹ȥǿƮƮһƾȻҲ˾캧صĲ
䡭
ӵϴ޷ŵɫҶ졣
ּҶ˲䣬ҶƾȻĴ壡
䡭
Ҷϱޱȣﵭĺȵ
һͨޣҲ˵ķ
¡¡
ѪһȻļȥ
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ӵϴ޷ŵɫҶ졣
һ̣ȴѾ˷ʬ壬
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ž
Ҷ΢΢İ˶ԷԴϣϴ˿˿Ц֮ɫ
ûʲôܵģһֻĴ㲻ң԰ȵĴȥġ
һ꣬Ҷڵʵ˵ĿۣǿڲѵõĳһޣҶȻΪ档

Ҷ΢΢һͻȻоһԴڲȻһĲ
ת˳
͡
˸һն£
䡭
һɿµȻʱɿĳԴ֮

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Сӡң֪˭ɳʵ£ɳǾţǵҺҶԿˣںɳΪУȡ·
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·Ƿһץסһ꣬ʳһĽ˺ѳΪƬٵ뵽С
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Ҷ˵
ֻһˣҶ쾹ȻоԼƺ˰ٷ֮һĳ̶ȡ
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ļȡŶԷ֮еļ䣬Ҷĸֳ˼ɫ
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Ҷ૵˵
ԭΪɳһΪɳǵĴԪռ䣬ɳǵʥҪʮĵزȻˣȴƶĺܣĶɳʯ
籩ʱĶᷢ
˶ӵĻ£࣬ȻΪ˸ƶս
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ΪĻӣԵķ˸ı䣬ȻҶҲ˵ԷоĸıʲôطȴԸоɳǵޣϵĲĿֲ
һֹǻϵãһԭ򡭡
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һﵹȻڶ̶̵ǧʱﵽ˴첻𾳵Ϊʥ˵Ļبźˡ
һĿֲҶ˿û⣬෴ǻһԾԾԵ뷨
ɳʵǴͨΪˣϵ̲Чȴ˳ĸı䣬˵ɵɳʵ֪꣬ҵεȵĳ̶ϡ
ҶΪڴ
ͬʱɳ֮лҵ˲ٹɳǵȤϢ
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֮УһѶϢҶԺ֮С
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Ҷ·׻һ㣬ȻĲ
ɳļ֮УһԪ֮оȻֹһʯͷ
ʯͷʵؼͣҿǺĺܣǾоȴ޷̽⵽ʯͷʲôôΪ޷мȡκε
ʯȻǾʯ򿿽ɳǲԶԵĻƺǿԴõʯֻǲ֪㾻ʯж١
ҶԽļ
ϴδͻ֮Уһμ䣬Ҷҿ϶ԼĻþԼļ䣬ԼСļ䡣
һǸ¶ǰˣ֪ΪʲôΪʲôҪΪʲô
Ҷ˫Ŀ֮зһµĹâϸǴ˿˿ɷ˵
Сһ¶ָоǳ󵽵ģڵҶǿʵУȴҲͻ
ΪʲôΪʲôһҪҡ
Ҷвϵĳţһ⡣

Ҷ촩ԽʱʱڵȻҲԴԽʱգǿĴ£·ĹڵңԶĳ̶ȣ³ĳܡ
ʱĿܱʧңңǿ֮С

ȴһҶаȥѰҵԼĻؼ֮·
ҪǡǿһҲá
ҶĿЦ
Ӱ˸һԪϢεؼС
͡
ռ֮ٴչſռ䶯Ҷٶٴεһٶϵļӳ֣ղŵǰҪࡣ
Ҳʼı˲١
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һгҶС
΢Ҷֵһ
аħس֣
ϡ
һֱ൱ƽȵаħʱȻϵĲһɾ޴ڴϱҶƶһ԰ѳֵĸо

΢΢һＱٵĺȵ
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ʮļӳ֮£Ҷļ⾹ȻʼЩ鴤
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Ҳֻǳʱ䣬Ҷǿеѹ£аħҲ漴ֹ̬ͣҶ컹һµĸоƺаħԼ϶ȱøӵ
еԭҶȻĲֻ֪΢΢˼һ֮󣬱ŲĻʧ
ҲҶ뿪ãԲʮ׵Ŀռ֮УȻʼŤ


1314 ִ
͡
һӰȻ˺ǿգͷ·Ǵһһ㣬ǿռĴ̶ڶԷǰﵽ˼µĵز
оϢΪʲôͻȻʧˣ
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ҵĴһ˿ġ
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ʶȻſȻһ˿ټûС
ģһǸСССϣҵĴߡŰɣһڵģ
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Ҷٶȼ죬ڿռ֮ļӳ£˷·ǻһһ㣬˸ϡ
ΧһööʯĺҶ໥Ħ
ǿҵĲĦΪҶ߲ٶȾ˵ľ磬֮ȻɢΧյһУ׵ıޣ»˲֮У㱻ǿеѹġ
һ㵭Ĺ⻪һֽҶϵõ˹꣬ҲˣȻܵĽĳ̶ֳϻػ
ΪѧԱҶȻǸ߹ģãã֮У˺δ֪̫ˣôҲΪ˱֤Լ˵İȫ
֪ǰ˶ʱ䣬ڵģҶоˣԼ꿪ʼ˵˵ĲǾͷ·ö໥һĸо
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ǰһʱֵ֣ÿһȻԷ壬ȴԴᵽһַǷϢҲ޾еĹںһ𣬾ͷ·һȻһ㣬裬ػС
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ҶڵĿ϶˴
ţ߱Ѫһ֧Ȼ˵ѪȴҲ͵Ϣ
߱ȴҲǲڷչʢʱ֮߱һԺԿˣԭܼ򵥣֮߱ǰĺô
Ȼ˵ҲҪǿΪ֧ţɵģһͨԵ۲
Ҫ֪ãã֮УıرС
һӵŴԽʱյͨʱ֮е䱦ԴֿɵõĻȡ
Ϊһͨĳ֣Ҳʹ߱һޣΪܹõ߱ϧȥնɱ
ĴǿȻǿڲǰսˣԼ߱ŴͨȴǱնɱΪԼ岻ȥ߱Ƿ׷׵
һֻ߱ѾˣӴʬȴȻǻŵ߱Եģ⴩ʱյͨ棬һƵġ
Ҷ૵ĵ
һ֮Уɫȴ
ֻ߱棬ȻλĴǿߣÿһλ϶źɫףֳֳǹħĳȥ
߱ڲʱշɴȻǿƳΪ˵ĳ̶ˣģѵ˵˹֮мصǵ
뵽Щ֮ҶϽס¶˿ЦɫʾȷʵǲģԵģʾ֮УԼ֮Ĳ»еģһȺǵĻȻ׼ˣǽ뵽ڴ
νǵǿյĵ
ǿ
ɱ¾νһȺ⵶Ѫɱ¾ˣĻǾԵĲһ飬Ϊʥ֮У߳ȥǿ߶ѾΪʷܹҲָĸǺ
ǵļҶҲֻԵĿһ㣬ȴû뵽ԼȻôĺð
Ȼ߱ϣҶԵĿһɫԴ
һǣÿһǵ֯߱ı־
ϵĻ㳹׵ȥ
һλǵֳì˲ĽһλǿߵĻ˺ѳΪ⣬ĺ
쵰
λǿԵҲƽ֮ˣ˾ŭȻĴһ޴ħʼŭһǾǺӣһλǵˡ

ǵʵֻǴﵽ˴ͨľ磬ǿߵʵȴŴĳ̶ȣ಻Сǵȴûк¡
ì裬Ȼ˺ǿյĲϵҲ漴ɢ⻪

ǹ⻪˸ҶĿˣΧĿռ侹ȻγһĴڣǿĲҽһϵȻ޷
͡
ì˿ûĶ壬ȼ꣬ûи˿Ҳ˵ǽһ鷳
пֶΣףҲǲ򵥵ģ澹Ȼĳֹϵ󷨣˿ռĲ˿ռ䡭
ҶĿռ֮ﵽһµľ磬ȻĿԸоеİ
ҲǱ߱棡
һȺǵĲ֪еŶٵĸ֣ӵĲ֪óȻжԼҲԲٵĺôʥ֮УҶҲеǿߣĵǿ֮УȴСĿǿ߻ǰ
׵ĶָͿ׵ġ


1315 ĵĺð
ǾȻĵͷ˵֮£ѵ˵±ǿ֪𣿡
һλǿ̲סĽе
ǱȴŵӣȻѾɫķйеĿ־塣
ǵȻҲǿ£ȴҲããǿ֮׷ɱǣοģڲڵĹϽΧΧڲ֮УֻǱ֮ΪԵĺĦѡ
һλӻժͷ­ϵĽ¶һŰ
˵ӾȻᣬԼֻʮĳ̶Ȱˡ
ϵϢȴŨɱ⣬ĿֲԵһλɱ¾˺ܳ²Żγɵ̬
ۡ
еĳȻն˵ӣԷ¶˿˿Ц֮ɫ
ʶĻϵ䱦ȻϵĵǻԷһ
ʲô
һ˵ɫ̲סʼı仯
ҷϵҪǵľǲŹǡ
ǵˣȴû뵽Ȼ˵ĲбͨˣǶŹʮ⣡
νޣһֶݵĽͨߣԽж̾Ĵͣڴ͵Ĺ֮УҪܵһˣÿһֻһ֮ʹΣһֱȽ۵
ɰǵѾˣû޵Ʒǻܵ˵ġ
͡
һĹâ˸һȺǵȻڴʱˡ
ʮɵ˼°ӾûдŹǣϵ䱦ϵһУɱǵĻ˵ĿԵõ𣿡
Ǹղ˵ǵЦݣһһλǿߵͷ­ն飬һŽ̤飡
һȺǵϵ˫ǿӲĺܣصķģƺڷĪЧ
ӣҵĺӡ
һλߵŭ
ӿɫ죬˫ĿȻͻһ㣬ˣ
Ǿ˵Ϣ֮£һʱ侹ȻòٵǵʼΪ֮һ
֣֮
һֻ־Ȼһֲ˼ĽǶȣ˲Ĵľ룬ȻץסһλѵͷǵԴ

овһȺǵɱ¾ǰ棬ȴɵϰĸΡ
꣡
ޱ˺˶ԷԴһں˶ԷϵѪѪӿ
ȻѪɷѪϧѪϵĴв˼ĪȴҲܲ˶á
ҶԹһУһеķĲ⡣
˾֮УѾ˽ӽʱˣҶʵ̫ˡ
ȻֻǶ̶̵ʱ䣬ȴǳǧ궼ûа취ġ
ɵ겻ϵ࣬Ѿĥķ·ǿӲˡ
ɱ˵㲻ʲôġ
ˣǵնɱϷȴɵҶһֵɱ⡣
ǳεǿյ˽⵽ľҶԻѡֵģȴеģ
Ѫɷļһˡ
Ҷ찵Ե˵
Ѫɷһֹϵ壬ѪʵɵǿʵԽֲǵҲԽǿ󣬵ǿߣȴҪһ׼ǲ׼ɣ²¶ҩ
ȻʵȴҲġ
ɡ
Ѫͬǿħɷǣ֮ıֳ˵Ѫ
ߡ
һλǹǵһǹȻϮȥ
һǹߣĿռһǹȥȻһǺͨ
ǹӰ˲佫Էֹȥ

ʵŭĲҽʹ˵Ĵ˳
һǹ壬ǹΪҶ춼Щȡ
ԴͨΪ˵Խɱ˲£һȺǵȴƺǶһ㣬ǹ޵ǵһǹɱУȷʵǺĺܰ
Ҷ૵ĵ
նɱڳ
ò˵һȺǵԵĶסܾˡ
ǿûκεһλﵽͨ۷ǿߣȻնɱ֮У൱˳
Ȼˣϵ䱦ȴ
ǵпᣬԼͬ鱻նɱˣȴҲһüͷ
ȻһΣǴı
һλǵһϸѳһֲ
ֲ˿˿ԼĿԴϿԷӺһ˿ơ
롢ۡ
һڽڵķֲ൱ԡ
ٴﵽˣһںȥĻԵĻĪЧӦġ
һλǵһ̰˵
Ϊõ֮Լͬ飬Է»˽ġ
ߡһҪˡ
ǹͻȻĿ˵
ߡƾʲô
ԷĿڣȴǺǵĲ˿мЦ
ƾʲôһοĵĿ߱սģ𷣵ĻǴͳһҵģǸŵõôıѵ˵βù𣿡
ǹ޵ϴ˿˿ɷĳŶԷ˵
ƨսǹ㲻ҪΪԼ֮ű޼ɵˣǣĺùӳԵģ
ǵõ̲֮ס
Ҿսǹ˵ĲһΣܹȷʵΪԭѵ˵βø𣿡
ΪǵЦ˵
ʱѾɱ¾Ĳˡ
ȻҲʼ޼ɵ
ߡ⵹ˣǵĹǣҪɴͳԸģȴԼģʲôʱȴҪǾˡ
Ȼģõ֮ҲǹһҲͬ顣

սǹɫһ䡣
еĳǹ͵趯
͡
һǹ֣س
Ȼʼĳ˵֮˵ɨ˹ȥ
һǹԵĲÿһε趯Ȼ˿˿ľ޴ʵһصħ޻˺ѵצһѽǵ˺ѳΪ˷顣
սǹ淴
սǹ˲ͬǵȼըһ㣬쳣
ɱ𣡡
ŭ
ҵҪȺ˭˵ɱ
սǹɵĲмһˡ
仰ɵĽ˵Թ޿ʼ˼¡
ɱ
ǹӰ趯
ʼݺᣡ
죡
һսΪһοʼƴ
Ҷ¶һĨ㵵ı顣
Ҳ߯˵ɡ
һսĳ֣ȻҶ˲СƣҴӶԷĿ֮УҶӵ˽⵽ˣΪǵǵ֯ӪԵûгֻ֣һȺˣһ͵͵ֵġ
һȺˣҶȻĲȥ⡣
ߡ
սǹʵȻǲʩչһλǵѾǿеնɱˡ
ˣȻڶ̶̵ʱ֮У̵˰˵ĵز

սǹһǹǿգȻǹϣ˿˿ĺڶ
Ǵͨľ磬صĺǿ󣬾ȻѹԼĸľ硭
Ҷ΢΢һ
֪Ķ
սǹмЦ
Ȼսǹϴᱦ
Ǿ˻ڵʱһӰȴɿ˸˳


1316 

սǹΪΪĿֲһʱıо˲Ծ

һǹ֣
ˣ
ǹ֮ϣȻ˿˿Ĺ⻷ƺʥĹһ㣬ħ޵ĻӵӴʩչצӰÿһ˾˵Ĳ
ˡ
֮Уһַϵ̬
һֻ֡
ѩĹ⻪֣
ƮƮĴһǣ
á
սǹɫ䣬ʧĽ
ǻֻһΣһĴȻǿеסһǹΧĻǴı
䡭
ֻһֻ֣ȴȻǿеıսǹǹ
ž
ٶһ̣·ǻ˴ɽһ㣬͵Ľսǹ
ϣ
ǹҲûа취סһȭӳš
ۡ
Ѫսǹϴ޷ŵɫǳ֮ˣϵľʹ漴ӿ
쵰
ŭһǿеת֮ͨУǵڲȻû˿ķӦ޾ľʹ漴ӿ

Ļﴫݳûеȵ˷Ӧսǹ徹ȻһµŤЧ
¡¡
ƣȫıƣ
ɱֻ˲ʱ̣սǹȻ˳׵ɱˡ
еǵĿǰһУٶ̫ˣӦʱ䶼ûУսǹֻں䣬㱻ˡ
֮ˣȻֻҶ챾ˡ
սһǿ˸Ĳ漴ıѸٵȥ
󡭡ʲôˣȻѡǵΪУѵͲ¡
ߡ
ҶĺһϵѪȼգĳ֣ӵǣ漴ĸݻ˲˰̬ٶĳ˿ʼѹơ

ǿֲ˵ѹ֮£˸ûзӦֻǸоԼϴݳһɿµѹһ֮У˵Ȼǿеֺѹȥ
֮УѪ衭
Ҷû˿ʴ֮ġ
Ҫɱңһ䱦
Ĳҽ֮У屻ٵ飡
һȺˣͨ۷ǿ߶ڣȻĲҶĶ֣֮ڵĿռΧ֮УƿǵһС
ɱǣǵһҵġ
ҶЦ˵
λǵʱŷ֣Ҷ㻰Ǹղɱ¾֮ʱ˵
ɱʺɱ֮һ޷ıķ

Ҷ˻ޱߵݺݵͬһɽԼѹһ̣еˣ޲ʼþ
𣡡
飡
ﵭĻֵʥϢޱߵĴ֣һ޲Ҷɢһɾ˵漴ĳ֮УȺ˵Ѿı
ҵͳ죬ΪǱϵ
ļе
ļȴɲǼɢΡ
ҶεĻǴڣ⡶ǰһе궼ͽ޷ġ
ɱ¾ֻǴ˲̶̵ʱ䣬ЩȴѾǿе˺ѻնɱΪһ߾ߵʬ塣
Ҷ첻ĺ֮Щˣû˿⣬෴ǣǵѾˣǵƷ׵ûˣħ硣
һеշ֮ҶҲ˽⵽˶Է֮еѶϢ
ԭһȺǵһ޴ֹǵеﵽ˵ĵزȻ޷Щţ໥ԱȣȴҲһΪǿˡ
ǵʵǿпᣬ˵Щ˱˵ϣǿˡ
ǵ챻Ϊͳ죬һλǿ֮ʱ򣬽һԪĶⶴ֮УȻ޴߱
Ҳ߱Ĵڣʹʵɿ
ҲԼ
һ޴߱Ҷ¶һĨЦݡ
һ޴߱ǴŵĻ˵ûΪ֮ģ֮ͨȴѾۿۣ˵ȴ൱ģҵĿռ֮߱ǧ˿ƵϵһͿݻΪҵĵڶ
һ߱ǴͳõһС͵ĴڣһҲսǹԼѡҪԼɨһȻûʲôػ
뵽ڶԷļ֮УǴ첻𾳵ǿΪǵ֮пǲٵģһȫĳֵĻǸʱҶҲûжٺùӳԵġ
ϵߣǵؼкܶࡣ
֮֮ϻһֳ֮ΪĴڡ
⻯ǹϵǣڷǿبŵ֮ѡǿ漴ݻȻٴεĽ뵽Լڲﵽһֿ໥ں໥Ч
ڹʱڣǿԵѰҵģ޵ħ޶ܶ࣬ȴˣһ߱Ƕʱ֡
ҶȴһȻҲǵõһ߱ļ֮УȴľѧؼһֱɰԼû
ʱƾŻǿڲߣȥѰҸı˵һ߱ǿĺܣҲ޷ġ
΢΢Ĵ߱ʱһĲɢһɲȻҶĿռ֮ңңĺӦ
⾹ȻһѪͳ߱ҵҲ߯˵㡭
Ҷ̾˵
ֻѪͳ߱ǿҵ϶ȺĿռ֮໥ںϣ˿Ĳų⣡
ѸٵĽһ޴߱Ű˲ͼУ漴ҶٴεɨսƮȻ뿪

һ׵ĴԪеѾγʥİٱҶĲǰǿԴﵽǧĵز
Ҷѡɲĺģʥأ
ϸ˵ı֮ΪֻеĺĲ֣ΪԽǿȻҲʹĳν
ƾ֮ۺ֮İҶܿıѰҵԼҪҵĵط

λĺģȻҲΪĵĵط
Ҷ̤뵽е˲䣬ʱһɿֲϢʼ漴Ĳ
һϵĽൽķΧ
·һ޴̫һ㣬ŭԪҪγʵˡ
γ޴Ľ磬Եֿסͨ۷ǿߣҪƵĻȴҪٴﵽ첻𾳵Ϊʸ
Ҷ΢΢һŲĳŽڲȥ漴ǰԭΣַ˸ı䡣
ҲҶ컹ڳܹ۲ʱ̣һѾط


1317 ʢ
Ԫ
ĸԪŨ̶ȣһλĳɳٶȺǿ
򣬲ĺĲ֣Ҷ֮ۿ׵ĲڲһȻķϸϸĿȥԿĳ·һϵ̬ߣĽؼһٻ˹ȥ
緢
޾Ԫγһ緢̬
Ƿ·˻ɽҽһ㡣
Ũʹĳ̶ȣﵽ˼¡
ǾԪֹǿǧ򱶵ĵزĻҵٶ㹻ҲһʵķԾڵϣѾϴεͻ֮ȫ飬ڴڴ˵Ļﵽһô˵ĳ̶ϡ
ҶΪڴ˵
΢΢ķһ΢ž֮󣬲ŻͣЪ
ԵҶѾ𽥵Ӧٶȡ
žžž
֮ϣ΢ٴλĳ֣һΣȴҶоԼѪ·ȼյһ㣬ȫĹ˴Ǿľ磬һʼԼһͻƵĸо
ǿ֪һĻԻ˵ɴԼ۾¶޷ŵɫ
ľһ룬ͻƣҶڴΪ΢ĴǾȴ޷ıһ㣬ҶȴڳɹĳΪ˴Ǿľ粻ãٴͻƵĸо
ٶȾԵˣ
Ҷ˫Ŀ΢΢漴ĸоԼ洫ݳˬĸоĵһƬĻá
ߡ
һͻأľʱ򴫵˳
𶯣˵ĺݺݵôǧΣľǿŵ
ǿϢͿµֶΣҲ漴Χ˵ע⡣
֮УԵķֲǲһģÿһλ޵ĵȼҲǲͬġ
ԵĻΧڵӵʵҲڴǾĳ̶ȰˣżĴﵽ˴ͨΪǿߣҲż·֮Ȼ뿪
ʦ֣ŵ֮еĺĳԱôͻȻسﰡ
ǰʦֵɫƺǲ̫ãǸϽĶ㿪Ȼŵĵӣʢʦȴǿǵģʵ̫ˣĺ̨Ӳ˵һλŵĵΪĺ̨
һߣ˵棬ǳִ֮ĵ氡
С˭ƺǳȥġ
ˣԵһλŵĵӣϵʵֻССĴǾľ磬ǶҪСһλϣʦֵʵǴͨľ磬ֻҪٹȥʸ뵽ŵӵˣһﾹȻʦְ
˵ϵĴݵҶĶ
ȴû⣬ǽԼ˫Ŀ𣬿Ƿӡ
ʱһˣѾѸٵĳǰΪ׵һλӣ㣬ȴԴֲϢлߣصԪڿʼϢչÿһεĺ·ҪΧһԪʼɵһ
ԵһľѧԵһְԵ쳣Ĵڡ
ЩҶ˵㲻ʲôʱֻעΪ׵ӣ²ûдĻһӦþ۵ʢʦˣ
һ˫Ŀ֮䣬һ˵Ϣʼչֳ
ʦֵ¶˾֮ɫȻû뵽ǰҶ쾹Ȼ˿δ𣬸ղһߣԼһ־ѧѾȫסҶ졣
һߣԵĿԿɽʯһƬռ䣬Ҷղû˿ķʩһУҲѪأڲҪ˵ѪˣҶ˵϶û˿ĸı䣬·һߣûһ㡣
ʵϣһ߰·һıɵĲһ㣬չ֮У㹻һ˵񳹵׵ܴɢܵصĴˡ
κҶ粻Ĳ⡣
ǼˣҶеŭ⣬ȴʼһȿµĳ̶ϡ
ǰһ͵Ϯ˵̲ص˵ľˣǳ˵Ļ»˵˰
˵ˣҶ춼ʶº֣ҶȻĲɫÿġ
û뵽ʵǲġ
ʦֻĿ˵ϵıԵĻһ㡣
һˣʮѣʦ֮⣬Ķڴľҡ
Ȼʦߵǡ
ʱˣԵ¶мЦݣҶ첻ϵѲӡ
ߡ
Ҷһȥ
ߺȡôɰСӣ֮ǰһȺǵ
Ҷ΢΢һ
Ȼ˵˽⵽һȺ˵ĿģȴԼĲ²֡
Сӡ㻰أ㾹Ȼڳ񣬿ҺúõĽһ£֮УҪ𾴳
˵һλӣԼĿԸоһֻ𱬵ϢڲϵӿȻľѧǻԵġ
̬˲˿ĺøС
˵ģġ
˵䣬ȰĴѾݺݵسҶ˹ȥ
ΧĿռֳ˽ǿհ˺еԵĿֲ쳣
һȹȥ¼ǴǾޣԴ飬򵽰ġ
ʦû˵ӵûֹֻЦſһеķﵭ˵
֪νĶȷʵҪѵһµģΪԼ뵽Ϳ޼ɵˡ
Ļոյ£һ˫ĿȴȻùԲ¶޷ŵɫ
ž
Ҷ֣ȵذһֻȰĴ档
¶˿˿֮ɫ
ȷʵ֪νĶӦҪѵһµģ
ǳ֮˵ɫݺݵظı
ƾҪҶԴһ̣ȴҶȵذסˣƾεʩչԼȴɵû˿̬෴ǣϵȻʩչ֮󣬱ɢΡ
һĸо漴ĳС
Сӡɿ
оҶԽĿֲ̲סŭĺ
ҶǷһЦ
΢΢ʩչ
꣡
һ˳
ʱӵҲɴɣ

Ĳҽ·ɱһľˣʱҲ׵ıŤһֱֻ۶ͬû˹ͷһ㡣
һֱֻ۾Ȼϵˣ
һ˵ɫ̲סĿʼ仯
һжԵ̫ͻأˣֻת˲֮ѣǿߵֱ۾Ȼȫϵˡ
һǴͨǿߣһҲǿĴﵽ˴Ǿľ磬һеĲɲһģһһµĶԱȣǾ˵ĲȴһֽħðĽ֡
е̲ס¶޷ŵɫһȻҶ죬·ڿһһ㡭


1318 
ʦֵ¶˾ȵɫǺܿ⾪ȱᡣ
˲Լ£˵Լ汻ϵˣڴҴž졣
ʦֵȻķŭ˼ޡ
ҵ۾𣿡
Ҳǻ˰ɣǿһλͨǿ߰ȻҲŵĵӣȴŵ֮еĺĳԱǺȽϸϰ
һﵽ˭Ȼ˵Ϊ
ߣԵȼϵĲ࣬Ե޷ʵԿģʮСˣʦֺܿͻὫѹġ
ˣֻΧΧɱ¾ȥģɱҲɱˣʦֵ죬ܵ˿ĳͽġ
Χ˵˵ʦֵɫû滺ڱøѿѾ׵ıҶɨˡ
Сӡϵ֣ʢɱ֮
Ҷһֻ΢΢һ

ڲҽеޣʱķȻ䵽ʢǰ
裡
Թ裡
ʢڵİͲסˣ
СӣѾˣڽ˵УΪʱϵ϶ȵģıԵ֮أһȺǵǵȴһȻ֪νһȺ˴ɢģʶĻõĸҽԼãǵĶһλᣬһڤ粻ĻǾͲҪҡɱ㣡
ҶһղŻ룬ԼһεΪʲôȴʢڵ˴ˡ
ԭʢ˵õϢһȺʵǿǵΧ˵Ԧһ޴߱һ߱ǵõĻڵõһبŵĺеļֵ޷ġ
ʢԼȨڵĵõϢһʱ䣬ֻҶһǷʱεġ
ȻţҶһССĴǾΪСεܹնɱôǵ뵽Լõ鱨һȺǵʵ΢ҲȻˡ

Ҷ쾹Ȼʢϳ׵
ϹޱߵɷħĶ
ͨΪ𣿡
ҶЦ˵
˵Ϊǿۡ
ѪȼգҶ˼ʱ̣ʢȴΪҶڿȻŭû˿飬ʱ䣬յЩѧԱ뵽ʱ䡣
ǾһССĵӣҪɱĻҲҪ̫ļɵΪҪٵ鷳
Ѫȼ֮Уıŷ·һ𷲼ŭһ
ҶվƺǶһû˿ĸӦ֣˵ǰǾӣȫӡ
̫԰ˡ
ΪԼǸ𣿡
ǣղһξԵһνΪǲ֪ˡ
˵ϴŲм֮ɫ˵
ԵĶҶ챾ˣá
ȭ
Ļʼֳ
µĻΪףбֳսʿʿޡĻ󣬹˰ٵصӣǵıӰӲ
ĳȭȻ˺ص硣
ˡ
ڵĳˣ˵֮еİȭ˵һ˲õĴǿߣԴȭԲص磬ʩչ˼£ӵܹתǬ
ÿµȭ⣬ҵѪ̲סҪˣ
˵·Ǵҩһ㣬ʢȼռǧˣ
Ҷɫ䣬ĳָ֣·Ʒһ㣬ÿһžӨĹ⻪ȥû˿ɱ
һָ̣ȻѸٵһ
䡭
ΧȻ𣬿ٵƶ˵ӣ״ﵽʵʣһȭͬبŵһ㣬ڳ֡
𡭡
һ˵˫Ŀͫâĵز
еˣֻǸоˣԼǰֻǳһӰѣһ̵ʱ䣬ǵǰȴѾֳģ״̬
䡭

ֻһײȴɿĳײ
ۡ
һƺߣһѪΧһѾγƵĻ
СӣҶѪˣ
ʦֶԿϵ
ⲻֻˣʦֿҿСҲ첻ȥˡ
˵û˵꣬Ѿɢеˣһ̣ϵı˲Ĵ
ǵıεȵĹ죬·Ǽħһ޷ŵĿһеĳ֡
ѪʣԭȻޱȵʢʱȴ·ؤһ㣬ϵĳѣ¶еļ⣬Ѫۡ
ϵıԹͷ
һ˫Ŀ·ǲһ㣬Ǵ㽫Ҷȫ̵
ƣѪϣϢң
ˣ
˵һľ𾪣
˵ղŵĳ֣Ҷֻʲô
ҶȻվϴűĲƺǶû˿ľ档
쵰С
ҶﲻмЦһ漴ƮȻ뿪
һǾһֻ蹷ʵ̫ˣĲ˿вС
Сӣߵߵ㶼Ϊʢĵˣһ첻ȥһʱ̵ע㣬κκйϵ˶㵹ù̵ĸҡ

ҶȻһ
͡
ƻ˳˿ռ䣬ֻоԼһı䡣
һѾݺݵסʢ
ס֣
Ҷĵնȥʱ̣һɴܻĳ֮С
Ҷɫ䣬Ϸ˱ͳĻߣƵĶûСͣ٣


1319 Ӻ
顭
ƣ
ʢ·ܵĽײеֱӵıѹƵĴϢ
⣬˲ǰ棬һɾʹһɾʹ·һµĶߣеĶҺѸٵͷŵ֫ٺ֮С

˼µĲҽ֮Ĵݳȥ濪ʼ˳鴤ֹ̬
Ҷϴ΢΢ɷ֮΢΢Ļһ˵Ļߣһɺ˸ϣ˿˹ȥ
ղţֵһ˲䣬һĴȻ·ǿһ㣬ܵĿռ䶼ʼת
ȲѵĳԼһ
ĻʢԵĲֻ˵ӡ
ܡ
ͷų
ռ֮⣬ȻĳһӰ
һӰÿһλž춯صܣ˸Ϣ㹻˸оϢϢվ֮ϣҪȥ֣ȴҲ˸оһ˵ǿƥ
ķƶ΢΢Χ˸ϣΧˣȫĿԲΧصһɿµϢ𽥵Ļ
Ҷ˫Ŀ𣬿һˣ
Ϊ׵һλһۣ·˸˿˿غ⻪Щ⻪··ǻŵһ㣬Ŀ۳ĸζ
һֵۣǷҪ˵ǼֵǣǳҪȥȥŶѡ
ΪҶԵĸоˣ⻪۵棬һֿµ־
һֲ־
һۣԵһλǿµս£̲ص־϶ǿ󣬾Բһ˿ȥƿصģ
üëͷŶԷȥ
˵òĺܣ˴һֵ΢Ц̬һ˫Ŀһů⣬һøС
һͷɫĳ·̫һˣһϲϢ
û˿ĸ߰û˿Ĳмеֻů˵Ϣ
һ˿һۣ۷ڶԷǰļһ
Ҷ쿴ȴһµļһһµĶߣ
ղŵĳ֣ҶǸо˶ԷѾԼɱ֣ΪԼ˫ǿµۻƽʥͳ̶ȴﵽ˼£ǳ˵Ļ˲ıġ
һŤ˿ռķʽԵصĺܣΧκεһ˶ûиоʲô쳣
˵˫Ŀ¶һĨ֮ɫȻҲû뵽Լĳ֣ȻûЧҶ֮ǿᣬǳ˾ȣ
һһ֣ڳеӵϣ޲¶˾ϲɫ
Ӻʦ֡
ȻӺʦ֣ҾȻҼӺʦֱˣҵð
ӣҿлλʦǰɪһˣҿǼӺʦְ
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ģӺʦ˭ǿΪȱˣǾԵĲܺСһʶģ
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һ˫ﵽ˰׵ĳȣİݵչֳ·һ˲õĴǿߣëÿһƬŲ˼ܣ·Ǳϵطһ㣬˸ϵҫ
ΪӺӻûг֣µķݣȴѾչֳԼ͵һ档
첻𾳶ķݣһ£
Ҷкݺݵһ£
һµķݣ㹻ԼӦһģǰӺʵȻˡ
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ʱģҶкݺݵ
ֻӺϣһööӵ˼µķģ˸ϣʱ̵άϵΧԪļȡΧʼøӾ
һ׷ĵɣһϵһ㣬ʱ̵ػκεһ˽뵽ķԲһɷΧᱻ˲ķ֡
µļһȴҲһ֮ĻҲڿʼʱҳֵġ
Ҷ찵Եжϡ
ȻڿŶԷȴû˵ˣڷʹʢ
ʢȻѾҪԼˣҶȻɵɵķŹԷȻ޷ճˣҶ첻ȥúõĺͶԷһ
ĺܣǬ֮еġΪеν޷󵽵ģˣҶʹעˣҪȥѧϰʲôȻ˵ĻҲ٣˴һɢִ˵ĻҶҲռǲޱȵĻҶҲȻزѡĳĬ
ǺǡһλӦҲǸոմĴԪʦܰɣӺԳΪǵʦ֣һȻ֪ʲô飬ǺȻģǵѾЩĳԱĵӣαظ˫ǵһأ
Ӻ𻺻ؿ˵ϵЦɵûм٣෴Եøӵ
һ̣·ǻΪ֮ӣ̫֮ӣ˵ӣΧĲŮӵ϶ʼ糺֮ɫĽӣԵǰŶԷ
СӣõʦֵİţʦŵĵӣﲻģʶĻĻڵģ
ʢϴŵɫĶҶе
ϵļⲻϵĳ鴤γһĨı飬Ȼϵƴʹ࣬Щ޷ܡ
Ӻ𣿡
ҶûԷĿ˵
ݡСӣһССߣȻҳƺ䣬ɣ
ӺߵһλӣҲ̤һϵķݣĺǳ
һϵķݣһӥ۽ӣŹϵĲȻ˵ӺĽ񣬵ȴԸоѾﵽ˴Ǿ촫ݳĲ
һķҲ˲ãҶȴ⡣
ЦϵĿŶԷ
һʼΪֹһˣ
Ҷ֮ۿĿǣһȴδ֣Ƿ·ǿְڿԼˣȻģһڿԼ֣Լʵǵ
ΣԼǱɱˣҲΪԼԩģ
۸ˣȥ˵ⲻҶ磬ȻѾ޷㶨ˣҶ첻⣬Աȥ
Ǻǡ޷޷
ӺﵭĺЦһ˫Ŀȴʼñ·˿µĶأ˶Է
첻ľ磬һĿ³̶ȣĴﵽһĳ̶Ȱ
ҶԾԾԵ¶ĮЦݡ
һΣһӣˡʢΣ
ˣЦݣȴԵĿԸоʱ֮У·ǳʵ񽣣Ѿȫ˶һ㣬һҶ˿ľٶܵĳͽ䡣
Ҷ컺ߵʢǰ
ϵ𽥵ɢ
Ӻһ֮ɫĸ֣Ȼ֪ǰҶˡ
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СӣһΣôˣԺСĵĵ㣡
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ҶĴʢļϣûеȵӦҶ˫ĿɱȻıһɿֲѹ·ħľϢݺݵصϣ
ǣˡ㣬Ҳøµ㶫
͡
һֱȻı˺

ĲҽУ˲䣬Χ


1320 
硭ĸ
֮УƸķȴԽռ䴵һƣ
λŵӵ̲ס¶һĨɫ
ռ䡭ѹסˣ
ѹ֮ˣϵӺ
ڹ˸ȴ·ΪҫĹ⻪貵նҪֲ
ĿĹ⻪һۿȥͷ·ڽ˵۾ȫĴ̴һ㡣
еˣ̲סһһɿֲϢ޷Ƶıѹ
һ̣Ӻ˫ĿȻԲ֮ϣʱĿ޾֮ϣŤγޱߵѹƣĶѹ˵ɫó죬оԼؿϣ·Ǳѹסһ޴ʯͷһ㣬޷ȥĺ
ŭ
Ƿ·ŭһЧǵв޷Ƶĵӡ
Сӣͱˣ
һĿʼ
ĿʼԼĿǿĳҶ쿴˹ȥ
׷趯ɺ˸·һǹһ㡣
Ҷ쾹Ȼû˿վϵıƽĺܣͷ·һ΢һ㡣
ڵϣѾΪǿҾʹ»Եʢ·һֻдҰһ㣬Ȼ廹̬ǺȻģһϢѾڿʼ΢쳣ˡ
һֱڵϾţѪģԵΪҶ˺ɵԵʡ
ӺȻЦɣЦȴԵıһɭɭĸоմһɫ쳣
ڷŭޱߵķŭ
ûκεһˣܹ˵̬Դʴϻ۹ˣʵ˫λŵ֮У̶ܹȽ뵽ΪˣҲԵں֮ˡ
ڣڣʱȻҶ쵱ڵĲӡ
ⲻֻҶϵʢһǽӳ׵ĸ˺ˡ
û˿ԣ
ӺΣ
Ҷ컺ĶӺ˵
˵ʵﵽ˴첻ľ磬ҶӴΪǿһˣҲʵҲǴ첻һʵͶľˣӺʵϻķ棬ǿ̫̫ˡ
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ӺǼԦӥӴĺȵ
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ֲĵ˸У̲ǸоԼǰһ˲õĲһ㣡
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ЩȴҶ֮۵Ĺ۲Ͷ֮С
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˸оԼ˫Ŀһ΢۵˲䣬һµ׵Ѿ׵Ķ˲ӥ壡
ѪȾ񷣬ë·ǲҪɢء
ӥֻܹһ漴ĵ˵ϣ
Ҷѩǹٴεĳ֣һһǹӥԴֲǹ˸ſµĹ⻪·һ׻һ㣬ֻһǹѣ㽫Է׵Ļ˷ĳ̶ȡ
ֲ·Ƕһ㣬ٵڶԷڲ֣

Ѫ˳Ҷѩǹĵ˵ϡ
ҶȻվһĮ·һµɷһ㡣
Ѫĵ֮УγһƬѪͼһִĿĵĸо
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ҶղѾ˺ʢֱۣѾǵӺȴڽӺ¸նɱˣΪֱǶӺս
ǸʢߵǣȻһµľˣʱڵĻǷӦ˹ԼղŵΪǶôԲУҶӺ˶ȥǣԼһȺȥˣⲻʮ
ˣڿҶ֮УǸһֵӺͿ־壡
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˻۵˲䣬ǱɱӥɫѾڿʼ׵ȴ
ҶΪֱĲӥһֵ̳ģкķѵȻ޷󵽵ģιҪĸҩ㹻ȥһλͨǿˡ
ȴҶ˲ĻɱˣŭȻ˼¡

һ̵ıʩչͨһֵֻ֮Ĵӡٵγɣе֣˸оԼǰһɻȵϢ
һǻԵľѧȻʩչҲſֲ񱩵Ļ
ҶĿ˶Էһۣһ˫Ŀȴ·һ㣬ĺܡ
˶ԷһۣҶٴεĳӺȥ
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û뵽ȻֹԼ
˼һֻëʵ̫ƤˣȻѧԱҪ֣Եȱ⣬Ϊܹ֤ʦֵİȫҲֻõȥˣֻǲ֪ǷʦһЩ㣬˵ĻڴҪʦֵǸˡ
ǱӺǿкǳסĵӣɫѾ˺ɫˣ⼡϶鴤˼£һֱǸӺߣǶԷߵĺˣ˵˵Ĵ
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ŭ֮µĵӣȻӺֻԵһƱ˦˹ȥ
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ˣһΣȷʵķݲԣͬŵĵӣҪΪС󶯸ɸ꣬û֪飬ǻЦҪ֪ڲٵſʱ̻ĶһҪԴΪأ
ӺĻһֿµѹ·ǵѵԼĳһ㡣
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ȻϵЦɣҶȴԸоԷеŭɱѾﵽһ˲õĳ̶ȡ
ʵϣԺǿԺúõദһеӽߣʳסУܿģ򽫻Ųԣڴʦܵıˣ
˵꣬ȻӺѾʢŭ˼£һ˦ۣҶĻشȥֱӵ뿪


1321 СԺ
𣿡
Ҷ˵
ӺҶȻʱԼͶԷ֮ĳޣѾ׵Ľˣֻһͺ̶Ѿﵽһµĳ̶ȣԷȻûеķ
ҲҶǵһ㡣
֮ˣΪµļһǺ˽ԹĻǶԼԺķչҲǺܺá
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Сӣϱӣѵ˶ʲɣߵ鷳ҵԼء
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鷳Ҳһ˵һĪ£սŻҵøԼĵ·Ӷõʥ
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һŵӵӶˣЩŵĵͼӣûʸʵҶԽаġ
ܿģһλŻɫ۵ĵͼŵѾ˹ϴųϻ̳ϿֵɫҶ죺
ʦʦܣҪŵӵסգȻȥμŲԣ
һλŻɫ۵ĵӣһλǾǿߣ˵ʥĻҲһˣκεǣ֮У㲻ʲôǺҲûжٵ

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Ҷصͷע⵽ˣ˵ˡšֵʱϷǴ˿˿Ĳм֮ɫȻҶʱ䲻Ҷȴǿ˽⵽еĻġ
ţҲԼĴԪݺ۳ң֮УǾһŵļеأνššֲšͳͳ㲻ʲôھԵʵǰ
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һطҶŲţԷ˺ĵԼȥסڿǰЩѿı飬ҶҲ漴֪СԺԵĲ򵥡
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ߡ
Էǿһ漴ת뿪
ʦܣȷҪȥһСԺ𣿡
ݵЩε˵
ҶһﻹЩøеģԷ˵Լ
ǺǣлʦֹˣȻҲ֪еĹؼڣҪҵĻ˵㡭
Ҷı֮д˿˿ĲмЦ
ʦܻСһµĺá
εĵ˵ͷ
뵽ͥԺ֮УеĸƷһӦȫĵ¯ɢĵҩĵҩʷʫĵΣȻЩҩ֮Ҳֻͼĵҩѡ
źҶ֮󣬻ݱѸٵ뿪ˡ
Ȼ̫Щ
Ҷ΢΢Цһ£
תȻһɷ֮Ȼķ
Ļŷ֮ϵڶ߻ص⼴ǿ޶ûа취ȥֿΪסԼĶ䣬Լĸй٣ǸĻɻǻڵġ

Ҷ֮ɫһš
𡭡
һ׻ŭ𣬿ֲʥĻХ֮Уſµ֮
ް׻壬ѹһɷҶϸϵа֮ţϢӿʱֻΧһĲҽУ漴һлָƽ
Ҫ߻ħ޷ȥҽв𣿡
ҶһЦм֮ɫԵø


1322 
һȺˣȷʵǲģ˵ɷ֮أѰ֮ˣȥܵģȴ֪ҵݣ֪ҵʵҵϴԨϢа֮ſ˲ĴݻٶԷ߻ħԻС̫ˡ
ҶһЦ漴ٴεıĿ
ʦ֣һѾСסǧħСԺҿۿģСӿ϶޷ͨصġ
һӶĽ֮У˵
һ𻪹Ľͬһӣ˸âռλ
ʯҫ滨ݣԪĳֱѰ֮ҪµĶࡣ
ŵסĵط
ŵĵ˵ĻôҪǿǧࡣ
ĵӻӵ㣬ŵĵǻԽԽԶһ㲢ֻϱѾֺõģںҲˣ
˳ѰȥܿıԿС
֮ϵԭĺЦݣЦ֮ȴԵĲһ˿թ֮ɫ
Ķ棬һλڱϹϾ˵̬ղ˵ˣˣҶܹ˵ĻһϳԷһǽһСԺĵӡ
ʢϴɫȻڵǲˬһֱɵûµ
ֻ˹ԼȤ֮ϵıŻıÿ
ߣС˵Ĳʶ̧٣һǧħСԺڲдĿֲ󣬾ԵĿħʱĻҵǺǺ棬һεܹΪǵĶ֣
ʢЦ
𣿡
ʢЦﻺĿ˵һɷ壬ɫĹâ˸ȻһȭӰݺݵӡ˶Էǰ
ۡ
һѪ
ʢɫ֣̿
ʦ֡ҡ
Ӻ͵һԭĺЦһ˫ĿޱȵĿ
ʢΪԵʣεĻôǰʧӣõ߱ϢҲһȥ˽ԾѲɵΪ֪ȥ𣿡
Ȼȴһѹ
ݵʢĶߣȴ·ըһըˡ
ʦ鲢ҪģҪ߱õ֮󣬲׸ʦģȴû뵽³ͻȻȻСӸõˣȫǶʢķθ֮԰ʦһҪŶʢġ
ʢϴųϻ̳Ͽֵɫ˵ϣѪʣȴҲȥ˵һ仰
Ҳûԡ
Ӻ΢΢Ŀڣ漴ĳʢĶϱϿȥ
СӵľȻ㹻ǿ󣬵ǺȻģһ־Կµľѧ˵Ļҵġڵ۴ͨȻ޷Ķϱ۸ϣСӵʲô·
˵ʱԵĿʼ¶һĨ֮ɫ
ʦֲҪȥ˼ģСӣεǿ󣬵ڽ뵽ǧħСԺҲţǻҲùԹԵţαȥЩ֮£ҪȵıǵڶգСʬѣ
λݺҶĵӣ֮ɫ˵
ȷʵһ飬סˣŬġ
лʦ֡
Ӻ΢΢ĵͷ漴֮⣺
ҶǰɡһΣҪ㣬ôĺͱȥ
ϵĺâ˸һɹϢռпʼ
ǳλﾪ䡭֮ǳڲžԵϵĻÿһλ޵޾İ֮ҲϵֻҪǲУǶҵΪ϶ġ
ҶУ΢΢˵
ϲʯӨ֮˸֮ϣ·һĹϷһ㣬ϴǺ
һööϵϷ衣
Щϵֱ֮ơ
ʮ˸ϣе໥һеڲϵķ裬ƺǲ໥ںϡ
Ǿˣҵġ֮ɵʥġƻ֮ٴεĽףΪ˸ӿµķ򣬵ϵķ²ڵķȻ۸һЩɵƣһǿߣɵģһĪ˺лĻҪٴεںһµķ򣬿ҵġܹ֮ﵽεȵĳ̶ȡ
è̲סķ˷ۣԭҶ˵֮ȴ̲סı
ѾĻǲ֪㰡ôɱԵõģǸνʥⷨ򶼻ԭ̤أ
Ҷû˵ΪҵһЦ
һҹ޻֮У¼ź໥Ľ桭
ʦܡʦܡ
ݵڶձ˹
ž
Ҷ˷ţϴŵЦĿŶԷܿıڶԷϿ˾ȵɫ
ʦܡû°ɣ
Ҷ쾹ȻûݵȻǾȵ˼¡
ǧħСԺһµĵطסȥˣûһǺģǰҶȴʵʵڵվǰεĲȡ
û°ĻԪĳ̶ȣʵҸоһִδй͡
̲סĵһͰ͵˵
ͣ
ʦô֪ʲô𣿡
ڻݵΪȻģͬʱҲЩů⣬ܹȻǿǵԼİȫ⡣
лĻһѴˣݴˣǲʧΪһĵļһ
Ҷ˵ľ
ˣӿʼԵʱ䣬ǽԵġ
Ҷ΢漴ţЦ˵
߰ɡ
ҲȥԣٵʩչڳգҶ켱Ҵҵĸȥ
һ·ϣݿʼԼ֪ѶϢȫĸҶ졣
˼˵ֻҪ˽һϺεȵԣ
ҶЩ˵
ǰֻҪһϾܹԡҸӹؼǿԲһ£㵽жٵǱ
ݵ廯һҶ촩һϵɽ壬ܿһ޴ƽԭʼʻǰ֮һɢž޴ѹĹųǳС
ĳǳأĽɽһһĴڡ
ҶЩĿϾӣȴûԼ⣺
˵ĻƺЩƬ滯˰ɣɲֻΪžԵʱԿһ֮·Ƿǿģ
ҶЩü˵
ǵ˵ĻƺҲˣ
㲻ģԿԽһ˵ǱԡȵزԳģûгֹģҵˮԣ̫ͼˣ¹ȥˣȴһŵӣʦŬĻȻĿԳΪе׵ġ
˵䣬һ޴ĳǳѾǵǰ
ǣ
Թ׭дĽɫֳǳ֮ϡ
Ĺ⻪˸һɾ춯صϢ·ǽֻʥǹһ㣬ȻҶüͷ΢΢һͬʱģҶӵĿˣһһּԼ


1323 ˶
Ӻɫ൱ѿڿҶǺ֮һЦڵ̲סʧˣһֱһﶼװһʥһ̬
ǵҶֵһڵ̲סķŭ
ߵλӣ˫Ŀ֮ǿµĺâѾԼı
ʦ֣Сӣȷʵǿ뵽ǧħСԺģʦ
˵֮ˣǽҶƽǧħСԺѧԱ
ʱϴŲϴŻ֣̿ڿҶ֮жʼþ㵺Թ
Ҷӣ۾йħ۵ӣǱԭ̬Ҫǿ
ߡɣ
Ӻ˵
Ȼ֪ǰӣǲѡԼԿģΪûҶ֮Իûκε飬»ǳϣ
һﵽ˺εȵľѧѵ˵Ҫҵġڵ۴ͨҪֲɣ
뵽Щ̲֮סһǿҵİռ֮⣺
Σңʲôùӳģ
һſϣ΢΢Ťһţһ֮УǰҶѾˣ
С㣡
ӺﻺĿ˵
ȻѾ˺ˣӺȻĲҪάϵԭ̬
𣿡
Ҷ첻ÿɷĿӺϴŵȻɫӺɢĿϢ˿û⣬漴һɺ컺ĶסӺ
⡭
˫˵ҶʱĶԽӺݺݵػ
ԿẦ¶Էģ
ǱڴĲԻᵽʲô̶ȣ
оҶϾȻɢһ㹻ԼĶо˲ϢӺ̲סһϢĶʼ¶Ϊһλ첻ΪǿߣȻԼִĸо
ؿһҶ죬ӺźۼĽԼ峷һ࡭
ҶûԷȻ˵ʧȥһӺˣǻɱĻᣬӵӺһ˲õܹﵽ첻ΪĶԷ֮УȻ㲻Ķ⣬ȴҲһģһ㣬Կкܶĵӣڶ¶羴Ľɫ
ʵڵң߱ͶԷԿʵȴҲԵĻһģҲ̫õģ
ҶŲ̤㣬뵽˳ǳڲ
죬ʦ֮Ħ»ԽԽŵĵӣ㲻Ҫ˵ĶԿģĻĽֲõġ
̲ס˵
ллʦ֣зִģ⻯ʲôҪв𣿡
ҶĲ˵
΢΢̾ϢһȻ֪Ҷ˼ǵ˵ͷ
ǲ֮֮һĵӺܶ࣬ÿһ˵ӸǶʤ˲ԵĵصҲܶ࣬ǡɶءǡȵȣÿһط϶һµģ㿴ǲԵĴˡ
˵ģݱָһ˸ɫ⻪Ľ˵š
һߴʮףƣֱʮ㣬ķ˸ںϣ˽ɫ̬צ˺ѣǽΧơ
ʮİ
⽨֮Լ˸аһǿҵͨϢƺǺңңĺӦţ
ǽǳһƱ㻯˵ʦܣһҪɹʺʵõ˿϶Ļ벻ջģ⻯ڲλƿУǿõĻĿһɳˣ
Ҷĵ˵ͷǶʦϣҶȴĲ⣬ʵǿĺܣľѧȫûκεһʦʸȥԼ˵Ҷ첻Ǻʦ⡣
ʦܣҪŬˣֻ͵ˣһжԼڴĺϢ
ǻǧ׵ʱ򣬻ݵѾͣ
Ҷĵ˵ͷ
漴̤㣡
ʦ֣һΣǸô죿
Ҷ뵽˻ʢ̲ס¶ŤɫҶıӰԹޱȵʵ
ߡҪΪĵôɺףСӵĵ̫ˡ
ӺҶ죬ؿ˵Ȼ࣬ݺ֮ȴһֿµı䣬ı䣡
ȻҶ죬ѾԼ뷨

ҶɢΪʥӵӡ֮Ҳ漴ı˴С
ÿһλʥ϶Ŷصӡǣеģκεһ˶޷ȥĥģǴ֮˵ıҶвɵÿʼԵ˼ʥ֮е༸ˡ
ǱҶȻҪܶģôʱˣƺǻûеõκεһ˵Ϣ
ĵ·εȵĿֲ֪ȺһǷΣա
Ҷ˼
޴ޱȣڸ߶϶Դﵽʮ׵ĳ̶ȣҲʮ׺֮䣬㹻ȥʮ˵ӡ
̤֮󣬱Ըоһдɣʵ̫ЩվǰԵøС
һ޴صĵڴţʮӣԵøı棬ȻǼٵģǻȴģеɫҺ壬ϵĴ֮ʳһ㲻ϵɢΧԪƺմȾеζ
˵ϢԵһ챦ȴװΣĲƸΪĿֲ
Ҷ찵Եĸоȵ˵
֮ϣһֹӶķʽٸӣÿһӵڲŸ㲻ͬڷڣģЩĺҶǰķĲһЩƺǾֹģϸӵһͿѻ̬
˲٣ÿһλĸ֮ǴԵĿһۣҶ춼֪µʮ˵ĳ̶ȡ
⻹Ϊܶ˶ѾԹұ˵ЩҲĻϲ֪ǷͻƵĳ̶ȡ
Ҷ޷󵽣ĵӣ򵽵ǵжôֲ
ʮˣÿһλ֮еţڸԪ򣬻ǿأÿһλǿµǿߣҴĶǼǧ谮һҲͿΧˡ
֮һʱȺͶԿѡ
һʱģ֮УʼһɿµϢ
ʥࡢѪʥ߷â¶
Ϣʼ໥ʱ̣ȴȻĴݳ
ˡ
Ҷ춼оΧĿռһĿֲı䣬·һֻεĴ˺ϿգһзʼѸٵĴһ㣡
͡
˺ѿռݳߵӰĸֳ
첻𾳵ǿߡ
һɱ֮Ѹٵĳ֣ҶҲڰԵĽ䱸
֮ˣҲǼලһεĲԡ
㱻˶ˡ
ҶĶߴ˺èͬʱҶҲо˼âĳ˹


1324 ڵ֮ʯ
ǹâĿ죬ȥҲ죬ҶתԴ˲䣬Ǽâ·Ǹоʲôһ㣬ѸٵʧҶ֮εȵľ˺ͿֲǶס˷Ӧٿ죬ȴҲûа취Ҷ֮
ߡһ𣿡
Ҷ쳯һλӿ˹ȥ
˵ʵﵽ첻۷徳磬Ҷӵĸоˣ˵̲ĳ־˵ͨ˵һսĻƱػɲСĺ
ҶҲ֪Լɲ˵ĵӵģһＴεǿ󣬵ȴҲܹԼӣ
ΪʲôҪסң»ΪӺԵʰɣӺ𣬹ȻǸĽɫȻԽԼչ˼
Ҷ
ߡֻһȺϣǷܹΪŵӻֻһδ֪˭ǵ⻯ĻǾͲҪǳѹǣ
һλĺȵ
ףȻķǷ
һʱеˣ޲һֵӵڳŶԷ˹ȥڵӵĺܡ
ߡ
ԼɵЧǼȻΪĵ⣬漴Ķٴεĺȵ
ǻ̲һ磬Ϊʲôԣ䱾Դʼֳǻѡǵ໥ںǸʱĻüסˣĻҪΪŵҲܣ
˵ĺǼ򵥣Ҳӣ˲ǰ׳գҪȥˡ
ε֪ϸأ
е̲סʵ
ȻĻж϶һ̣ǲǻԸ֤ݣ
һλº͵ļٻ˵
еˣʼ뻯
ۻӶʱʮ֮ڣıһʼϯ
һӵĻؾȻ˵µĹ⻪ƺ֩סеĻ
Ҷû˿ĵֿȻ֪ʱԼȥѡֿĻԼ޷뵽ڲ
¡¡
ڶߣҶɫ΢΢һǰȻ˵׵硣
ĺɫƿʼɣ׵Ҳ˲趯
ҵѲ׵磿
ҶЩü˵
⵹棬ľѧÿһֶνǽƫ档
תΪ漴⡶߱ħǳ֮Ϊڡħ֮ơȵȵѧÿһֶ׵Զչֵġ
ѵ˵ǡԪĳҵ֮еԿʼıΪ׵
Ҷٴεҡҡͷ˵ĻԼǿռ֮ԣûκεһԺΪǿĿռ֮໥ĶԱȣ׵ȴľԼԴ
ô£
ҶʵЩͿˡ
СģȻŰ˲ͼȴҲǱٵһռ䣬ðԵֶΣȻһƬռ͵µķ漴ݻΪڵ̬ӡŵǹϵķΪܹ֮Ϊӡ㹻ĿһռĿ
Ŀ˵
ˣһ۱㿴֮ȻĿʼѡҶ졣
ãⵥ׵²ȴġ
ҶϴŽɫ˵
⵹ҶԿ䣬ȫӵ׵
Ԫʼٵʩչ
ʱ֮ϵ׵翪ʼȻĽ
׵ֻܹΪҵ̲ƷҵġԪھһδεĴѴ֮ͽ뵽һµľ磬СС׵ν׽Ҫ̫ˡ
䡭
׵ڷڣֻ˲֮У䱻׵׵İΧ
ɲ֮䣬Ҷ渡ֳһ޴
ҶġԪľ壬̲׵־Ϳµ
ľˣ׵ƻ쾡£Բʮ׵ķΧ׵ıҶ嶼УΪĵĵطҶȴ˿û𺦡
ϵת֮ͨϵ趯Χ׵˴룬ǲϵ
ҡ
׵ﵽ˼֮УҶڵһŭ𣬻һƿرһ޴ϵʼ֡
׵У漴֮ƿ֮¿ٵĽԼʼ
ǵ˵ĲԵĻεܹԳһǱأ
һЦҶ쾹Ȼſ͡
Ҳˡ
ʱ׵翪ʼҶǿе
׵ʼڲϡ
Ҷ˫صػ֮У׵˲ɢ
Ҷ컹ΪνĻ˵ʱ̣ΧĻȻٴεķ˸ı䡣
ˮȻ̬ȻĴӵ𣬲ǿеĲסҶ塭
ǡôͻȻĳˮ֮
ҶϴžȣӦ˵Ǿϲ֮ɫĽе
磡
һĻϵɢµâ
âÿһݻƥ

Ĳҽݳ
һ̣һλӵѾ⻯汻ǿеĴ˳ȥ
ϵĽɫ⻪˸ϡϡϡĵط޲ǿʼѪ
Ե̫֮ĳԺ֮໥ںϣκΣʲãĲȥһ𰡡
һλٵϴſϧ֮ɫĿλ˵
ϵĴ󲿷־Ѿ׵ı֮ˣﳹ׵ѣ޷ȥˣҪάϵ鷳ŵĵӶ㲻ϣգ
һλٵﵭ˵
ҪţԵʥصǿţҲܳΪģǡǰ
һ̣˵ѾǿеĴˡ
ԭϵ⣬ðĺ
͡
ٴεмӰǿеĴɳȥ
ʱһâ˸漴ļӰȻǿеͻ⻯档
ܺáڵͻ˻
ȻǺĹԣ϶Ҳ㣬⵹һλ˲Ű
࣬ת˲ģӽǧ˵Ķ鱻˳Щ˶϶ȱȽϺõģŵӦûˣм˵϶ȴﵽһµĳ̶ȣֱӵıѡ뵽֮С
һΣ»ֵλʦֳˣ
һ󵭵ݳһ޵Ӱӿʼ˸
ˡ
ռ𶯣һ˸ϣȻӺӰ
ʦܣĻǲϹصģ
һλٵϴΪ֮ɫ˵
ǺǣȻҲ˵Ϊʦǵģ³֮Ǻڵ۴֮е䱦͸λʦһ֣ڵ֮ʯ뼸λʦǲܾɣ
ӺϴŵЦݿżˡ


1325 ϸ񣡣
ڵ۱֮Ϊĺڵ֮ʯӣҪΪһС͸ǣ
ڵ֮ʯĸֵĳ֣·һ׵һ㣬׵ü˵¶˷ܵɫ
ӺõĪĻԵõһλǿߴ۵ĴС
ΪڵۣһλԺڰΪڰ֮ǿߣġڵ۴ͨνǿٵҲΪ⴫֮УŴһıء
е౦ﶼ˵ΪɿҲӺܹΪ̶ȵԭ֮һ
ڵ֮ʯһֿ˵ҿԴΪıӱڣһöڵ֮ʯںڰǰһĵֿ
ǿ䱦ȻҲʹǵϿʼ̰쳣
λʦ֣ʦҵҪ󣬲Դﵽɣ
ӺϴһĨЦĿżˣ˵
Ҫ֪޷ȥƿصģһҪȥĻһͱȥƱػ𲻱Ҫ鷳ҲֻŵӣӵĻ
һλٵ¶Ϊ֮ɫ
ڵ֮ʯȷʵҪģһСС϶ѣɲ֪ǴӴԪ߳ģʵСĺܣǴԪӵһСطˣһСǶ㲻Ļٵεֳλʦ֣Ǻڵ֮ʯֻҪԵĶѣСӲҪˣ
һλٻĿ˵ǶҶ¶֮ɫļһ
Ӻ֮໥۵Եģ˺Ӻʶʶˡ
⡭
ͬȻ˵ĻΪʲôúõʹһԼȨСѵ˵ǻɣ
˿ʼ֮ͬͷ·һһ㣬ܿĴҵͬҲĿʼͳһ
Ӻ¶˵ɫ뵽˺ڵ֮ʯȴҲ̲ס۵ĸоڵ֮ʯϵҲ࣬뵽Ҷ쾹ȻԼ泹׵ĴΣһȴ̲סĿʼ
Ϊŵûбһһ˿⿡ϣ
Сӣ㲻ǱģȻѡ˺ͱŸɣǱ֪ڵĸо
ԸһСӺСԣҪ˵Ĵ£뵽˵Ҷ쾹ȻԼΪ֮Σȴ̲סһֳ鴤ĸо
޷Ҷ裬ǸٶĴۣȴҲҪҶڡ
ΪؼŸһ뷨
Ҷʵ˵СУ϶֪ܡ
ӺֱԼֱ
䡭
һ֮Ͻһ̬Ȼ³ٶѸͣ·һڳԼķΧǿֲٶȺ͵Ϣޣ»˵ӡ
Ҷȴݲ䡣
ϴ˿˿Ĳм֮ɫգ
׵˪֮󺣵Ѿȫʩչ֪ΣҵƺЩȻĹڰԼʼʩչ˳
飡
ȭͷӶҶİӡȭݺݵ˺һգڸ׵ĸ߶ϣȻĻûһ޴󣬻ϣһץ˺һֲĻ档
֮ϵȻϵķڣȴҶεƿҶ΢ʩչһ֮УѾ䳹׵˺ѵˡ
ߡ
һΧĻҲ漴ķ˸ı䡣
֮ϣһʯ
еһķš
϶ʮںϳ̶ʮ̶ʮ
һķ޲˵Ҷĳɼ㣬Ҳѹ֣ʵǿ󣬶ġ߱ħǳ֮⡶תǽ֮ľ͸֮ߴ͸ڰ˵˴֮֮⣬ƺǶûκεų⡣
ɼӦ㹻ҳΪŵĵӰɣ
ﵭ˵
ȴһĪ뷨
Ļ
εģҶǸоˣһεĲԣƺЩԾջ˵ѶϢֻһԵǱǺ໥ϵڵȴô࣬оͷ·ڰеĲһ
΢΢˦˦ͷҶĳȥ
𣿡
ŻӿӺɫ΢΢һ䡣
Ǻܿģһλٵɫȴӵĺݺݵر仯
СӵĳɼЩˣ
漴Ľеһó
ֻһķš
һǱ֪Ļ»ᱻλƿΪӵģҿĽƿǶδ֣Ǹղǽе׵ļ˳СǳΪŵӣұƿʶĻǾˣУһĲܹ֪Сӱ볾
˵аԵĺڣղ棬˸ҶԳɼ
ڵѾﻢˣǲҶ㶨Ļһ鱻ҷˣǶŵùġ
ߡܷţ飬ֻ֪ǧܹ⴫
˵ߵڿӺҲʼЩ
λʦ֣ǧķģǺڵ֮ʯʦһǵģңҵʦҪˣһصĻλʦӦ֪õĺô͵λϵĸıɣ
Ӻɫ΢䣬æ˵
⼸˵ĵλӺȻĲȥֵĵ
ߡǾͺãôĶˣ
顭
һӰ˵Ľʼֳ
Ҷ쿴⼸ˣɫ΢΢һ䣬ڿӺ֮ɫǱ
ĳɼʸţϸ񣡡
һλٵ˵
漴Ĳ
ΧĵӺͲμӲ֮˵ɫʱı仯
ڽ˻֮Ȼ֪е״̬ȻһСأȴʵģҶ˿ûиı䣬ǿǺ߳
еĳɼȻĺˡ
ȴƮƮһ䲻ϸ񣬱ֱӵķҶ죬ʵЩˡ
Сӣ𣿲ϸڿ뿪ˣԭΪһ˲õڿˣ
ӺϴŵɫҶ죬Ц˵
ǰԸ񣬾ԵĲ˵ôʧĻȻҲΪάϵԼǰ̬ڣȴǵ⣬ǵЩˡ
ϸ񣡣
ҶٴεĽһΡ
Сӡ췴ɣ˵ǵУ
һλӺĶҶ˵
ҶԭԼΪŵģ˵һõģҶڼеҪԼʵʵϵǿ󣬻ѰϹκž޴ãһУȴƺǲôˡ
˵ĲϸҶҲˣ뿪ڣԵĿԿһڿȥ
Ϊеŭӵ˼£
䡭
ɱŷ
趯һɺȻֲ
ϸ񡭡˵ϸͲϸ𣡣


1326 ѹ
˵ϸ񣿣
Ҷٴεŭһ
ĻʼֳҶŭ֮
˵ҶĲϸĻҲͰˣڲȫĿ֪ԼĳɼǿǾԵĴںϣʿνǺĳɼĳɼ˵ǲϸеԭ򻹻ʲô
ӺЦ
õ򣬾Ȼ˱΢ֶΣҵĳɼȻ֪һ䲻ϸ¶۵ģ

һλٵŭȵ
Ҷ쵱ôӺѧԱǲ֮˵棬Ҷ˵ʣ˵ȻԷ£ǱǾͲֱ׳ıִĻǶҲûкôԵʵԺϽҲᱻ⵽ɵġ
ʱѾʼһεĳֱʾͷ۲ѡ
ԵĻǲٴγˡ
㾹ȻǼٵϺãС
һλȻĶҶ֡
ҶʶԷȻ֪Է֣ȴ֪һԼ뵽˻֮󣬱һֱڿԼǶԼ¶̬Ҳ൱ĲѺá
ˣһ϶ǺӺǧ˿Ƶϵ
ѹ
ﵭĺȵ
ϴȻɫ
ռ伤˸ķУһһ־Ȼ㽫Լչ
ѹǴ㽫ҶĻɱˣ
˵ԵǷ֮γ̲ϣѸٵİΧҶΧ
ӳıԴʩչԽռ䶼иΪ飡
첻ǿߣȻӺҪСһΪǴ첻ľ磬ȴҲҶоһɿµѹ
Ҷŭﵽ˶壬Ц֮У޾ĺ⿪ʼй
㲻ԵȵĲԣ۸ˣҶѾע⣬ˣȥʩչͨ뿪
ȴҲԵĲܹöԷѹԼϡ
ռ򡪡
ӿƮ죬վռ׵չֳ
䡭

ϣ
ռ֮ƿǧɲ֮䣬꣡
û뵽ҶȻ˵İԵķ֮ʩչ֮УԽҶһɲǣȻʧȥһֵƿء
ģһʲô򣡡
ŭӵĿʼ

ҶԼ֮УǾԵɣ׵˶ԷĽһȭһ޴ķУȭ粻ȭŷһɷ֮Ϳıǡ
ơ
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ʮļӳ֣׵ĵ߸ǳ֮˵ģϴžɫŶԷҶȭͷѾݺݵӡ˶Էϡ
ң
λÿһλǿµĴ첻ΪȻһʱı㿴ҶĶȭڶԷϵһ̣ĳˡ
ħľѧԵħľѧ
ӺҲĳ֣ҸҶһħĳν
ѹ

ôĹ
߸ȫĳ֣ҶʱĿʼ
ʵȻ£ȴҲûа취ôǿ߶ԿʩչʱһΧѹ漴
ӡȭ߱񽣾˻󣡣
־ѧҶȫʩչ
ޱȣӡȭƥ˻
޴ĻӰӣֲĽ⡢ںϡ
һеһУһ̣й۷ĵز
ÿµļһﰡһﵱһλ𣿡
Ϊƺɣ
ڣһΪ˵Ĺ죬һаľѧ˾ԵĲ֮ˣ
˵ʼ֣ҵҲʼ¶˾㵵ı顣
Ҳ̲סĿʼ
㼵ȫǳҶΪȥġ
񴸣
ɫϣûڰ̰ǵ̬ݺݵسҶɱȥ
Ӻˣһɱ֡
Ҷ߲ǿĶλٵĳ֣ȴû뵽ӺȻǡõĴıһ㣬ŶԷһϷ·ǱһĴɽݺݵشһ㡣
꣡
һµݳ
Ҷļʱĳ̶ȡ

ŭУҶֻǸоһʼ֡
ռ䡪
ҶǿеʩչԼûֹľѧ
ռ٣
͡
ϣٶȺֹǿǧٱ֮ѾˣڵٶҶ춼Ѿﵽһ޷󵽵ĳ̶ȡ
ϣ
ĽӰݺᣬһƬƬĳ۱˺ѣмŵѪ
Ҷ쾹ȻӺˣ
񶾵Сȥħģ
һڴ˵ʩչͨһöƴСİɫСģСĿȥСɿɰó˲䣬ռ֮оȻһֳܵĸоͷ·ǿռ䱻ǿеѹסһ˵ĺܡ
ۣ
ƺһ㣬ʱĿռ䶼ݳ˵Ĳ
ƴɢҶ쾹ȻоԼǰһ嶼ܿ
˻ŭһβͽӺɱ֮⡣
Ҷȴڶ̶̵֮ڣֳɬ״̬ȥ˻

Ӻŭһ˫ֽӡһ޴ĺɫצ·Ļһ㣬ݺݵسҶץ˹ȥ

Ҷдĺ
ü֮У֮ʼһ֣ҶǰʱһĹ
צȴѾǰ
͡
߲̤㣬צץסֻҶһƬۣɼı۵Ƭץסһ̣Ѿ˺ɫķĩɢˡ
ˣ
СٶһεĹȴȫĲһ˺Ѻƻ
Ҷֲıһס
һµľʹ

Ȼıŷٶϵļӳ֮УҶİչֳʷΪ˵ٶȺ
͡
䡭
ɱ
׵ĺɱ
ֳħĵļٻûеȵӦ˴ģıסˡ
͡
ֲѸ͵ٶȣ˲֮УȻħĳ׵ĻΪĩ

Ĳҽɴ˴
Ҷ쵥ֳֽ
Ӻ໥ݺңΪ𣿡
͡
һһ·ǿٵصһпԤڷ߱񽣾Ǿ񶼿նɱĽ
ߡˣ
һͻأĴ˳
һĪǿ漴չ֣һӰ˸ҶҲǿеİ
ܡ
Ҷдĺȵ
һɿֲȴѾ׵֣ҿռٴҲﵽ۷壡
ۡ
ʹ֮£Ѫ޷Ƶ˳
ʦ𡭡
ҶĶߴӺϲ漴һҲϣ
ꡭôӵģ
ѣĸо֮УҶ쳹׵ʧȥԼʶ


1327 ӡ
ʦ𡭡
ݼˡ
ݼ
Ӻ⼸λٵɫһ䣬ʱĹ˵ϣĽ
ռ֮УĲʧȥҶƿأϵΧʼɢһƬɱ¾Ϣ
һֻյһ㣬ʱе·èһ㣬Դѩ̬Ѹٵɢ֮У
ռһڽɫŻչֳ޾Ϣʱռ䣬е̲סĸоһɿµɱ֮ʼıŷϢ·Լǰһ϶аĶħڳԼɢ˵Цһ㡣
ž
һֻ漴һӰѾֳ
һλŰɫ۵ӡ
һ˫Ŀ̶䣬Ԩ֮µĶħ㣬˵Ϣһۿȥ·ǿԽκεһ˵Ķһ㡣
ӺʦҲ֮еһλƿأ
ʦ𡭡ˣ
ӺϴԴֵ̿ɫĽе
ǶԼʦĳأȻǼǷ
ӺʦȻֻһλ۵ĵӣȴҲʹӺˮǴߣЩܹɳѸ٣νǹûġ
ô£
ϴһĨϢ޷ӦԷǷŭͻǵȻ
ˣӵģ˲̣ܽǵжϣ˺սһ𡭡
λӺϵļ٣ʱ˫ֱǿеնϣȻǱĺܣѪʲϣ̲סĿ˵
ߡ𣿡
û˵漴۵˦һɰɫȻռ֮ڳ֣漴ݻΪһɫĴߣ˶Է˫󴦣һ˵ľʹ֮УֻҲ漴ðұԭ˿û쳣
л˳֣
м֮ɫԱ
һδСҲǰ˸ϳ֣ն˫ǿԽԽˣ
˫Ŀ֮Уһĵĺڰɫ˫ĿȻ˸ڶĹ⻪ֲϢڳ̲סĲеʵ΢̲סһѪȴ
ϢŭϢŭ
˻ֲ̿ѣӺֱӵĹ˿ĲĶ
ˣΪŵӣĥԣţԶĲȱǡȴҪ߰Ĳ֪ߵغ֮ˣ
ŵڵϻԵҶ죬ﻺĿ˵ָչÿһָֻŵĹ⻪⻪˸ڰ䣬ͬźڰǳһ㡣
һɾ˵ɢ
ħӡ
һ޴ħ󻺻Ưıϴɫ죬ռ伤ϣһɺڰ˲ĳ䳹У·һ㣬涼ɿµѹ֮»̬֩Χɢ˳
⣡
һָ֮棬ڰĹ⻪ѸٵĿʼ뵽Ҷ֮У·Ƕһ㣬ݺݵѹ
ߡ
֮еҶ죬һµľʹѣ漴ıоԼ֮УڷĳԼߣҲϵĿסԼڲϵʩչ
СأһͽһΣӡ꣬ĥƷУȴ֮ٴεĲԣ
䡭
Ļ֮дЩĸ֮߰ɫ˿ĲҶĻᣬֲҶ޷ȻԴݿƣݺݵؽе׵ѹ
ۡ
һѪ̲סҶϱоԼȻһ޴Żѹסˡ
Ż֮ħӣ֮Уе޷ʩչԼ
лʦ֣
Ӻϴź͵ɫ
ߣԺҪǳ̫鷳һγˣǻ֪ڳΪʲôأ
ϴ˿˿ɷ˵ô֮䣬ƺԵĲʦͽϵôļ򵥡
Сӡɷ
Ҷ죬߰˵
첻ǿߣһǾС˵дʣ򣬹治ǽ֮£Ҷ죬ԵĲǾô˵ģ֮£Ҷ켼ˣǡһᱨģ
Ҷεܵ˵裬Ը߰ˣݲð٣Ӳܹ˵۸

͵ĳЦ֮УĲ
Сô磬ô־þ˵Ĺܺãܺðҵ𣿡
ҶǿеתǵȼϵĲ̫ˣ޷ͻһڰĵŻѹơ
ۡ
һѪٴεҶŭﵽ˼£
㣿һδεѹңʵʤ۱磬ɶԣ
Ҷ첻мЦһӵ˵
ɫޱ䣬һȷʵǳˣλȨأȥᣬȴ޷Ҷǰӵ
𣿺ܺáܺãᣬĻ㣡
˦漴ľӺ𣬻һâʧ
ߣСΪʲôɱ
λҶն˫ļ̲סߵ
ɣѾ˷ӡеǻᣬһεѾӦҪˣǲҪˣӺǵõ洫һĺøУĻҲֵģӺȻǺֶΰûпӣڿ϶ǵ֪ӺһΪ֧֣ԲŻῴضԷģֶΣֶΰ
һλٵϴĽ֮ɫ˵
Сأ
ѾŵˣӺԸǲùģǵȴպĹ۲ɣߺߡ
˵ģһ˵ҲЦݡ

ȫĲ
Ҷ޾ʼϵļⶼڳ鴤Ť
첻ǿߣģȫһεˮ׼ϣҵʵȥѹԷԵĻҪǿĳ̶ϣӺǵӼҶǼסˣǶȴŰɣҵӡˣǵӡ̫ʱ䣡
Ҷ˫Ŀ𣬱˵â˸֮Уһֲ˸
졭㡭̫ǿˣ
ݿű̧Ҷ죬̲ס¶˿Цɫ˵
ҶȻ֪Է˵Ƿˡ
лĹˣֻǶҺʧ
šνţ򲢲ȱģ㾹ȻԺͼٶ֣ʵЩ嶯ˣ
ε˵
ʱĻȻҲҶϾʱҶνǷǱ֪֮Ļ˵û漰ģ֮ƮȻ뿪ˡ
Ժסĵطˣ
ҶһСУλŵĵЦ˵

ҶĴӦţǾڴʱȴ֣߾Ȼ뿪ϴ˿˿Ц֮ɫ


1328 ŵ
λʦֻʲô𣿡
Ҷ΢ڿߵı֮󣬱ԼĲ²⵽ߵ뷨ȴǵЦ˵
û顭ʦܣҲ֪ģҶΪŵӣϺõĵҩľʯµľѧǿĺ̨ȵȵһУǿȥȡģ˿ܹڴгһյĵõƿǵʶǽ뵽ŵӣĻǸûаĿܵģ˵ǰʦܣ
һλĿŵӻĿ˵
˵ٶʱˣõĺôνָֻԼȥļȡҪĵҩҪıʦܣ㿴ǽ̧ȻҲǺģأ
һϴ˿˿ЦֱӵѾʼˡ
Ǹлλʦֵĳˡ
Ҷ쵭Ц
ƽȮۣ仰˵ȷʵҶ첻ƽ֮ߣҲ㲻ϣ˵ڱеĹϵ֮ɵĿʼװɵ㶣ƺǲߵ˼
ģСӣӲ֪װɵɵڰϵĵҩ䱦ȫĽĻǲҪǶ֣
ҶƺסˣȻߵǰȻǺµӡ
ʵӡסˣ֪ʲôǿǿǴ첻ĳǿߣӻĻˣ֮ϵĵħӡ޷⿪Ҫ˵ǰˣǧʱ䣬㶼Խ⿪ڵ㣬ʶĻԺǻ㣬ĻǾͲҪǳˣţ㾹Ȼͼλٴ˶֣ߺߣʵ϶ǷǷȫķӡסˣҲǰţ
Ҷص˵ͷ
ԭ˰Ǵľɣ
ҶЦ֮УƺǴ˿˿Цмӣȴ˿ûкµӣ֣ʵ߸оһ˿ԾҶʵ̫ƽˡ
屻ӡˣһʵĲʩչ񰡣СӣװŪģҿװʲôʱ򣡡
˵䣬ѾݺݵسҶԴ˹ȥ
ž
һֻȻĳ֣ݺݵס˴˵

·ǹѰĲ˳
ڶԷ޷ŵ֮УҶЦ˵
ǻΪҡĲһ𣿡
ۻƽʥ壬ǲȥȴҲԵĲΪ׸Ķ
㡭
˷·ǼһĿҶ죬ȫû뵽Ҷ쾹ȻʵԼ
ǿеѹסˣľȴڲϵ̲Լ壬ǿ֮ɿ塣
ž
վҶЦֹĿǳ֮ˣеϵʩչ
ꡭ
ڵķһ졣

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Ǿʹ֮µı֡
Ļǲѡгģ㣬ĻӵĲܵģ
ҶǵȻֵĶȴħĴݡ
󡭡ˣʦ֣ʦǹϣϰʦְǵƨ˰ɣ
ҶĽԷɿϴ˿˿в֮ɫ
ʲôط
ΧһɫӣΧҲŵЩڽ뵽֮ҶоһֵˬȻǷƷ
Ʒ֣һֲĹ֮ˣ֮Ҫ̲֮ԼŵҲˣޡѩкߡȵȵϵѪⶼǿ̲ҩŵҲãʹõĻҪƷдɽеľǵǿƷ񡭡
Ƕɫֵ̿˵
Ʒգ
Ҷɫ΢΢һӡסˣ֮ûʸȥӡǿߣȻĿɵȥʩչʩչһѾʼסһƬƷ֡
һĳ֣һƵʥϵй
䣬Ʒֵһ˲õһ
ҵˣȻһµƷ
Ҷ֮ǰһж޵ģܿһСɵƷǰ
һ겻ƴСƷ
忴ȥۣܲɰͰ͵ӣ·ȱˮһ㣬˺ȥ֪һƬƷ֮ΪǿһƷ
ƷҶ첻Ǻ˽⣬ȴҲ֪һƷǷŵʥ֮УԵĿǿߴǵһٺɱᡣ
һƵʥϢĴһƷɢҰ
˿˿£һӣϡ
ǿ֮лһּͲƣ
΢΢ĸ֮̾УҶҲûԷȻʧ
ǣڿǰ֮ȴ΢΢һ
ȻǺһݣǾʹţǸղŵΪȻͼõϵ䱦Ǵô
Ҷһϯ˲ߵһĶ¡
ʦ֡ʦִˣд͵ǵϹۣŹǰɡ
͡
â˸Ҷָ΢΢һâѾҶע뵽ߵڲ
еؼ֮У˿Խҵ˼Ӧ˰ɣ
ҶЦķ·һļթ
ǡʦףʦԺǵʲôǾԵĲüͷģ
Ҷ΢΢ĵ˵ͷȻ֪ԼղŵֶΣԵĲŷġ
ߣ
һߴݳһ֮У߱оԼ꾹Ȼһµľʹ
ʦ֡
ߵɫ䣬һ̣ڵ֪ˣǰȥļһԵһµҼڱӡˣ»ǿֶεġ
򷨡ɽ֮磬֣ԭ߻ΪԼҶ֮ȫĿԶһ˵ģڿ˵ǲ٣ȴǳΪҶˡ
򷨣Ǹô죿
ǿеתѧĽָɽ֮磬̲סĽе
Ҷ뿪Ӱ򷨵˸һ˿Ĺâ
ŰɣһˣǣСӿ϶˶õģ̫ˣڳΪŵӣȴҲԵĲпܸˣʱ򣬺ܶ˻鷳ģңΪһǾСʵԿ߲ȫǲܵģСϵܣ϶źܶ˻ġ
Ҷ֮У˫Ŀ΢΢ıպϣߴ򷨺ɽ֮
Щ鷳ˣǵʵûа취ȫĽһŻǹΪ
ε˵
Ҷ쿴һۣĵͷȻ֪⼸ϼһԼڣҲһȺ޳ܵĻ쵰Բʱֵġ
ǣҲһ¡
ٴε¶һĨЦݡ


1329 
һŻõģ̲ŶԷһֵֻҪһħӡǾͿԼȡеʱĻҲһ顭
Ҷ˫Ŀ΢΢һ
˼˵ڵңֻҪɵһŻǾʹҵʵᷢ˼ı仯Ǵ϶ȡһ
ӵĻҶ쵹Ǻϲֵġ
һ
¶һĨЦݵ˵
Ǻܴһ֣ҲӦøоˣԼһа֮ţһ˲õŻȿԹֿ̫֮ͨȥͨԨ֮⵫̫֮Ͼ̫֮ĺȻڲϵĸıһŻأ˵Ҫٴεа֮עһаŻⲻֳɵ𣿵ʱ˷۱ŻһɵƱػһ󲿷ֵߣڻļӷΧ֮УҪ취ȥһֵĵطһŻ
뵽Ҷ΢΢˸һĨ֮ɷ֮
ҵȲҪˡ
֮ϣ⡭
һӵɽ壬ɽ֮ϣƣϼת˼ɾؼĴ컯
ĬĬվǵֱƵ֮У֣һĳϸϸĿȥȴ֣ᷢɽ֮ϣȻһߡ
Щ磬ÿһ˸µ鶯Ч
˺ѣ
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ѵأ
񷣡
ϢݻʹΧĿռһ㹻һЧ
˵ǿϢȴЩû˿ĸı䣬෴ǣǵһµӶûУеֻǾؿǰ棬ɽǰ
޿һеĻȻһΪֵ磬Ǿ֮Ϊµ֮һҲɫĴڡ
˺ħ֮磡
һִſ˺Ѳ񣬵ħĿ¿磡
Ǿһַ磬ȴȵѹǧ֮⣡
Ҫô˺Ϳµʵ
ǰ棬֮ϵӰ˸ϡ
һɹӶãϢƺǺȫںһһ㡣
һ˸بϢߵǰֳֺڰ׶ӣϵڿʼţΧһƺǶû˿ĸоһ
ߵŵĲЩģĺܣΧһжʼģ֮䣬ռѾݻ·Ǳںϣַ·Ǳɵˡ
ҲʹߵӣĿ
ž
һöɫ͵һ
ʱϵһҲ漴ķ˾޴ı仯
Ǻǡ϶οˣ
ְֳӣźɫ۵˻Ŀ˵
ߣҹÿζˣϷ˼ʱ򣬱㿪ʼ֣ˣʲô
ŰɫֳֺۣӵӰƺЩĵĽе
ӴҩʣǴˣɣ
ҹ˿˿Ц⡣
ˣˣϷùô޳ܵļһ
ҩε˵
һε飬ڵĿЩ󰡣ѵҲ𣿡
Ľٴεʰãҹﻺ˵
ȺСڰɣ֮Уȷʵѵõļ˵ļһ̶ȵģҲֻǸͷļһˣϧϧȴѳԸʶĳΪ˶ħ˵ҪѡӵĻǱҪСһˣһܹΪ洫ӵĻҲһǣ̶ȶﲻĻεܹƿ򣿡
ҩʵ̬ȺǼ
ǲҪˣǵܶսһȻûˣսһĶȴǲܹȴģ
ҹЩͷ۵Ȱ⡣
һʱ俪ʼĬĬĳֳ˼֮С
ðɣһ˵СһĻҲһֻҲӦ֪ģǴˣĻһǳ֣ƱصĻһǸʱǲǰں
ƺһ̴ﵽͳһˣ
໥ĳĬ֮Уҹ΢΢ĽһöӷУ
ǾĿԴɣǡ̺ܽߵˣ̫ˣǾҪȥͽһˣ
ܵȴһ־˵ı֮ӵķ·Ҫس׵ĸסһ㣬Χһˣ̲סĴһ£ɫݺݵر仯

һյʱȥˡ
Ҷ³һ
ûзӦħӡȻ˵Ŀ£
εĸűӣҶ컺
ڵ㣬ֻܹԼսˣԿǴͨҵǿ߻ǲģĻ꼼ʩչǿֱ֣ӵĽⲫսĻɱӵĿֲ
˵

Ҷĵ˵ͷ
漴Ľеһᷭ
ᡱ
ĸ˸Ĵͬǽ߰ĲϷŹ⡣
֮Ϣܡ
ĵӶԼĵλġ
ÿһλӣΪͼŵӣǷҲ῰һ࣬ӵͼ߼ӷΪŵӡŵӡ洫ӣԼƽ̵ӣ
ŵӱӺͣʵǿ󣬶ҴһȨ
洫ӱǵõ洫ΪһףʵԶһ棬ŵ֮УһλһλӿԳΪһλ洫ӣΪǴŵλȨϵĸı䡣
㻤ǿߣǵǰҲֻƽƽˣĳ̶ֳϻԷһڵλϻʵϣ
ƽ̵ӣǾǺͳϼǿûʲôˣÿһλƽ̵ӵʵǿ֮Уƽ̵ҲˣһҲûгǧˡ
֮УеĵӼڵĳ̶ȣƽ̵ӵĳ̶ȿɼһˣΪؼǣÿһƽ̣Ǵƽ̵֮пʼѡεġ
洫ӣƽ̵ӣȻ˵ķֲ洫ӱ൱ļɵ˵ӺƺǵõһλΪһ洫ӿãŻ˵άԷڿĻ洫Ѿɲˡ
漴ٴεķеᣬѶϢٴεĸ֣˵ҶĻȫĿԼȡеѶϢȴֻܹһһĲġ
ռʮڹ꣬ڰ֮ϣΧǵ۹ͳǳأĵ۹ΪףеĳǳػҲԣÿ궼ĵ۹ԼĹƷϽɳ뵽֮С
ֲ࣬ǻſԽ塭
˳أƽԭ֮ϣд޷˵ľѪдʮӿʮʱ䣬ڻ˵ǿ˼¡
֣еȡҩѧԼλı׼
ħ֮У֮֮һ޾ħ꣬Ҫʵ͸״̬
Ҷһһ鿴ʱ̣ڴʱһŭݶ
֪˭͵ֹң
Ҵ޾ɱ¾Ϣ·һֲڴһ㣬Ҷ΢΢¶һĨŹֵı飺
ƺǡ


1330 һ
ǵģҶ쵹ǺϤԷְԵͳνˡ
Ҷ΢΢һеϣ漴
ֻЦЦŵӣǾȻҲǰ㵱ΪӲնɱǲɣ
Ե֮дſµͱɱ⣬ʱ򷨺ɽ֮ߵȻɪɪɫɷףǿǺ˾ԵһλŵĵӣʵϺ͵λ϶ǳĿ
ʱһǵεĲẦº͵ӡ
ˣһ޴ꪣ࣬ϴ˿˿ɷվһƵȴѾɽѹѰվǰоԼĺΪѡ
һӡü֮˸ϣ·ǾҪɱƲһ㡣
˵Ӻ̬ҶħϿȽʶ˭
ԭȽ϶ԣʱϴһɿֲϢԭ񽣰â¶ϢȽϣʱƿֲȴ·һħһ˺ѵϢ
ӹȴϣ˵Ŀ϶ǰԵľѧϣ㲻׵ȴҲӦǻԪصȻˮ֮
ˮ֮Ĳ֮УȴˮһľЧ㹻Ŀռ䶼ʼ
ž
ͻȻĿˣȻ󣬵ȴҲʢŭ֮µע⵽
һİɫۣһͷѩɫĳһɺɫӣһſȥףһеںϣʱ¶˿ĵЦݡ
Ҫҵˣڵҵˡ
֪λʦʲô飿
ҶﵭĿ˵
εȵĴϻ֮ˣܿı뵽Ҷ첻Լ鷳Ǻεȵ㷱֮£һƵĶҶļϾĴ˹ȥ
ѾģЩ׵Ŀ׻
֮໥ףȴ˵䣬ϢĽ뵽ҶǰʵʵҶ΢΢һ
ʵȥԵֹ
׳հ
Ҷε̾ϢһȴҲо˿ģˣԼûаʶ
Լ֮Բϣȫǲһ鷳ǺȻӵĲ⣬ֱӵĵ򷨺ɽ֮ˣҶ˵еĹؼ
˵Ӻ㲵ӣһǻ֮дս˼٣뵽˵Ǹӣһ뵽㣬СӰҲ֪к
ȰĴֲϵҶļĴţ̲صҶ춼̲סЩȣ
˵ⲻ۸ҵѾӡסˣС޷ֿס⼸Ĵ򰡡
ɫһ䣬Щѿ
ߣӺ˲𰡣ԼˣͿ˵ķʵǲеĻʦ棬ƿأĵλ൱ӣҲǻġ
˵֮ƺǷӦ˹漴Ŀ򷨺ɽ֮磬ٵĴҶ̤
ȥ˵
ȻһҲš
̤ǣٵĺܡ
뿪Ӱ򷨺ɽ֮ߵɫ̲סһޱ䣬ȫû뵽Ҷ쾹ȻҲһλŵӵѣҴ֮ĹϵǺõĺܡ
뵽еĹؼߵɫҪѿжѿ
ȫеˮֲ֮ĸȷĶ񶯣ϢƳȹ̡ʵ˳
Ҷ̾˵
ʱʵǽ뵽˴ͨڰľ磬ԭľȽϣ˺üΪٵĽչȻҲǺĺܡ
УСȽϣҵʵôǿ󰡣Ȼ˵ٺӺͼѹǻ֪飬ȻţǰӣȻĲȥ׷ˣʱϲﶼڿ֮УĻ˵ķ
Ǻǰһ˵˿ûб߼ʣԵĺܡ
Ҳҵľڱ˵ҪСĶˣҵӡסˣɲĶ֣õȵʱ䣬ɻָǸʱʵѾ뵽һ˵ĵزˡ
Ҷ٩٩̸Ц
УˣȻ֪Ĳ࣬ȴҲԵ֪һǲȥްյģԸ߰һܹ˵ɥ־
˿ŵ˵
ٺ٣ⶼ㿴ˡ
Ҷ쵹ûаĲ˼
ôʲôҪģڵʵȻ˵ڴͨľ磬ڵҺ⺣֮ŭ໥ںϣʦİ£Ѿȡ˺һֵ⺣֮ŭꪲǺеһĻֲֻҪȫһԽ뵽һ۷ľ磬˵ҪĻһ仰ӾԵĲһüͷģ
ϴ֮ɫ˵
ħϿ֮УǵõҶİǿصİ˵ǷҶΪȻƴȴһ֪ͼ֮˵ʱҶѣһʱ˹
ҪڵǿӦҵ飬ⲻʲôһ뵽취ģѾһЩͷˣӺҪԸңԵĲô׵ġ
ĵ˵ͷǰ꣬ʶʼûз֣ʲôǿѵסġ
ҲãֻҪʲôĻʱĿңһ㣬ҪСһӺϸ˵һﲻ£ȴЩ֡
Ҷĵ˵ͷ
˵һɣ
ĵ˵ͷ˵
һһ൱ǿƵϴŴˣ˴СıԵĴԵ˵׵ʱһħ໥ںϣ϶ȿµĺܣ漴ٴεıĳˣˡħǻħһصĴħޣƥɳΪ۷״̬޼ĴڣȻ֪Ϊʲôõħ޵ںϣ໥ں֮ȴڵõˡħ֮ˮڶ̶̵ʮʱ֮Уŵӽ뵽洫ӵ֮УڵҲİٶѣʵǿ̶ȣʦ𣬶ɵ쳣ϼһ˵ģʵԷ
Ҷ΢΢һ
ѵ˵һʵ뵽˴̫žΪɣ
ӣҶ춼̲סһֳ嶯ˣ˵ĻΪһļһԵһµһָͷͿԽԼ׵ġ
»ûǿ󣬴̫žǿߣǺεȵֻƽ̵ӲŻ˵Ϊɣ˵ɲ⣬ȴǱģ˵أһҪСĵ㡭
˵䣬һĹɽߵǰ


1331 
ˣԺпյĻԾġ
ϴŵԺ֮ɫ˵
һɽ壬쳣֮УԼĴһ־˵Ĳһַ·ǺˮĲ񱩣ǸȴϢ֮еֹϵϢ
ͷ·һ˯һ㣬ʱĶܴӳ˯֮ѹ漴Ľؼǿչֳǿƣ
ӵõ˺ġľνһǧľҪıһˮԪس浽˼µĵطɴﵽٵĳɳҿҲˣѡ˵ڶ̶̵ʱ֮УӵΪѾﵽһµĳ̶ȣȻСӣ̫ˣ
һ㣬û˿ļʣеֻǲս⡣
Ҳһ˲Żе
ѾĲҪңһСһӶҲûȤ
Ҷ̲סıѾƵ񣬺ݺݵ˵
ӶҲûȤأӵȤŮŮǲٰٺ٣ʱĻõȥ洫֮УҲкܶǿŮӣ˵󲿷ֵĻڴĳ̶ء
̲ס¶һĨЦ˵
С˵ʥˣӦûмλɣǼأ
ɫ΢΢һ
Ǽ˵һ㣬˺һΪŵӣϧǣˣ˵֮󣬱㱻նɱ˺üλھĻʣ˭Ҳ֪ˡ
Ҷĸ̾һĺܣʥ֮Уݺһưһǿߣǵȴֻŵӣŵӣ·һĿնɱ
Ȼ˵ǣҶҲʲôøУǱϾʥģҶҲΪĳأ
ΪĵӣĶˮԵľѧˮԵ˵ǰڻҪСһЩģ˵ĳ̶ֳϣĵλǿ󣬵ţֻҪŬһΪ洫ӣ彫Ҳû˵ȥǣ
͵ıһǿĵ֮ĺ֮ŭꪷ
ʲô㣿
໥һ̲סʵ
ʲô㣿
Ҷ΢΢һ
ʱ˵ĻӺҪҺĽһµģһһŶұȥնɱˣǲڣһ㣬ıҲ򵥣˵ģλһǿһУ˵ҪնɱĻҪǺһҪһʵĻնɱ˶Է
˵
֮УҶնɱӺû˿⡣
뷨ϣ֧ģڵҪ飬ϵķӡ⣬ԸĻҿȥҵʦţϼһһϲֵġ
Ҷ΢΢İ˰˵
ҪһԼļƻĴǲģǡעǻᵹùģ
Ҷ뵽ħӡѾʼһģ뷨
໥Ľһ֮Ҷѡ뿪
ת˲䣬ʮյʱȻȥˣʱҶҲϤ˲ٵ飬ȻҶ챻ƷУƷ񣬵򷨺ɽ֮ߵļһҶ쵹ųʱ䣬оϵķӡ
ʱо֮УҶҲ𲽵˽⵽Լϵ⡣
ţֻҪԼһȫĵطԽνĵħӡǿеѹסѸٵںϣɵһŻ׵ʧ
ʦ֣쵽֮ˮá
Ҷⲽ֮У򷨺ɽ֮硣
֮ˮҶ쵹ҲѾ˽⵽еá
ν֮ˮҩ໥Ĵ֮ںһ𣬾ʱĴŽ䳹׵ƳɹһҩҺеһ޵ܶࡣ
ҲŵҲܵĸ
ÿˣÿʮձȡ
Դ֮򷨺ɽ֮ԵĶ̬ȷ˸Ӿҵĸı䣬ĵֶΣһ㶼Ҫڸ
ƿ֮ˮеƿ׸ġ
ɽֺ֮õɫ˵
ҪײҪһӲ֮ˣҶҲҪǿ漴Ľӹ֮󣬱ϸϸĹ۲
֮ˮװһСƿ֮УڲҪãƿȴԴһ޷

Ҷ΢΢һ̲֮ס
һϢȻ㴼ĺܣԼĿԸоһǳζ
Ȼҵӡסˣǳ֮ĸӦ൱ģ֮ˮڲȻǳ˵ֶӵ𽥵ıһ˿˿ǳ֮ȥĴﵽһǿľ磬Ƶҩ֮ˣԵһµļһ
ȻԼܹʸõıͳȥо൱ۣڿҶ¶˸ȤӣǵлһַĵĸоڵǿǱϴεŸ
ǶԷ˫Ŀ¶ǰɱ⣬ʵ߸ов
ҶҪƿ֮ˮźõʱͻȻһ˼λŵװεӣڿҶеƿ֮ǵ̲ס¶һḬ֮̃ɫ
еһλֱӵ˹ȥ
֮ˮãҪԼľ磬ƿȫĿԽ뵽ͨ۷徳磬ƿ֮ˮҪˣ
˵䣬ȻҪҶͬ⣬˳ֵıչͼҶжƿ֮ˮ
˵ʵﵽ˴ͨһ۷徳磬ȻıҶҪǿúܣţҶ첻зԵĿܡ
ߡ
΢΢һҶɫᣬ΢ѸٵĶ˶ԷĲ׽
ʲô
㾹Ȼ˵ķҿǲ˰ɣ
ӵɫһ䣬ҲʼתĿҶ˵
ͬʱΧߵһҲΧ

Ҷ첻мһ˵

Ҷ̬ȣʵô˵ŭ⿪ʼһƺݺݵسҶ˹ȥ
һѾʩչ·ҪһƬռ䶼
򷨺ɽ֮ߵһȴûǰ

ҶǸش𣬶˵֮䣬һѾݺݵ˹ȥ
顭
˫ҶۻƽʥǶԷ󵽵ģҪ˵ǴͨһΪǴ첻𾳵ǿߣҪսȴҲǾûʸġ
ۡ
ȫû뵽ǰȥСޱȵļһﾹȻ˵ʵٶȷɿ첻˵ǿûв˿ϵĿʹоԼĶϷ·Ǳݺݵغɱһǣҵʹʱ
ۡ
ʺһ𣬶ʱһѪҲûа취ס˳
ҲʱһҲĳ˹Ϊ׵һˣϴЦ֮ɫһӿյڿз衭


1332 ʹŹ

Լͬˣߵļˣʱɫ䣬Ҷ鷳ģеԭȴǲ˵ģ֮Իѡ֣Ҳǿ׼Ҷʵһ㣬һ㣬ӵĲҪ˵ʱҶѾӡסԼȴû뵽ҶȻﵽ˵ĳ̶ȡ
֮ȻԽԼͬɳȥ
ȻҶԼʦֶ´˺֣ˡ㣡
ѹ쵰
С
һٴεĳĳ֣ʩչͨ嫵Ļ֡
в߹̬
裬Դأ
һĲƲϵˮĲ
䣬ǿԿ˿˿ĺɫâⲨ֮г֣ǿռ䱻˺ѵı֣ĲϵĴݵҶϣǲŷâ㹻һɽиΪ촷ۡ
ߡ
Ҷһǰ׳գȻĳԼ鷳ǾԵĲһ¡
漴΢һѾ֮Уһ֮Ҷжʱ
ͬʱ˵ĳѾﵽ˰Ȼ̬Ȼıֲ̫ͬħɽһ㣬Ȼĺɱ
ռŤ޾Ĺ⻪˸ҶĽ£ߣԲǧ׵ķΧѾ׵ĸѲϣܷɿɢɳʯ֮Уֲ·ħһǿ

Ҷȭͷ˿ûеӣٶȷɿ죬ϵĻȥÿһεĻ裬͡Ĳ·Ҫճ׵ĴһһĹâȭͷϷ·һöС͵ǳһ㡣
ۻƽʥеĹ⻪
䡭
һȭɱǾ޴Ļ֮ϡ
һħ߻ҶȭͷԴݺݵײһ𣬲˾޴
׳հһﾹȻȭͷȥͻԿû˿ֱ
һλΪ˲õĵӣһ֮߰ɫжϵ
Ȼ뷨ˣȷʵҲ
һֻ̣Ҷ·һ˲õԶһ㣬ȻٴεĻȭͷ
䣡
ȭȥһȭȭȭӰ·ǲҪϴȥ
ֲȭӰݺݵӡǻ֮ϡ

ֻħ߻ûٵĽһ֮󣬾ȻѾ׵ʧˡ
ղλһ˵ӵĵӣ˲ŵϴ󣬷·ҶȭͷֻǴħ߻֮ϣһ

Ҷ쵭һ֣˫Ȼһ㣬籩꣬˳Ƶļ˦ȥ

ҶԵΪǿеסļˣûзӦȴѾоԼ·ǱݺݵشԼš
ۡ
ҵ塭

Ĳҽ漴ĴݳǵͬǶߵķһ㣬Ѹٵĳź浹˹ȥ
ž
Ҷչ߲̤㣬Ȼ߲ٶȣȴҲĺܣһץסǵɵһ壬˺һֻȣӺݺݵ˦˳ȥ
͡
Ӱ˸һӰȻĳ֡
˵ĳ˦ǿʼչ󣬽˵峹׵ѹ
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µĵȻĹѣһµѷʯ
֮ˣɫ䣬һֱֻʧֻӻ裬ʢ˭
оԼϣǿڴλӵɢɫԽѿ漴ʩչؼȻıԼĿתһǿеѹ
þò˰ʢ
ɫʢҶ̲ס¶һĨмЦݣ˵
ʢɫҪɫˣһȷʵģҶ죬ľ̲סķΪģΪҶ쵨ҷϵһֱֻۡ
ҶǾǳ֮֮ȵĴں֮󣬴ȥģעϣЧǳ޷󵽵ģҲΪԭʢεǿ󣬵ȴҲûа취Լֱµĳǵܹϱ֮ɳ
ĻⱲҲֻܹΪһˣһʧȥһֱֻ۵ޣսԵĲԭǲܶ࣬ÿÿĿԼĶϱۣʢľͷ·ǱЫӸҧסһ㣬ҹߣ
Ҷ졭þòˣ
Ľеĵӵһ࣬ʢĿҶ컺ؿ˵
ǰþòˣֻǲ֪ˣаֱô°ΪʲôڻǶϵأıҲ̫˰ɣͨΪѵ˵һֱֻ۶޸𣿡
Ҷ쿴ŶԷĶϱۣЦݣǽһְ
㡪
ҶٴεĽԼĵʹǿе˺ѳʢŭʱı˼£Ѫ·һħһ֮б
Ҫ㣡

һ̤㣬ݺݵڵγһԲεӣܵǹѵ·һŵεȵĿ£һ֮ʢٶѸٵ˷·ǹһĳҶǰϱ֮ĳ䣬·һ㣬ѸٵĳҶ˹ȥеȻ޾Ĳ
ҶͿʼһˣȻ˵ʹ죬ȴҲ֪˵Ϊﵽ˴ͨΪԼڵĳ̶ȣǺɵսʤģǶԷԼнս
Էĳסһ̣Ҷǽһ˷ܰ
н֮սѡ񣬻ǲ
ҶﵭЦϾȻ˿ŭ͵ӽŶ֡
ۼԼĳǿеĽҶסˣʢвɵôϲȴû뵽ҶϵıȴʮĹ졣
á
һһȭٵĻȥ
׳գ
ҶЦܣһͶͱ̬

һţҶٶȱԷӵѸ٣ͷ·һԲεľʯһ㣬ûеȵȭͷѾֱӵǰȥصĴʢš
ȿȿȡ
ٵĿʢоԼĺһܣǱײЩλˣǰĹ˺Ѱ
꣡
ڵ߹ǱҶǿеײˡ
ϰ
ʢĺ
ߵλǿߣʱһҲʼ
һʼӵ鷳㻹ΪӲɱ𣿡
Ҷ˫Ŀɺ˸еåѪԣٴεı˳
оԼ޾ӶȻû˿ܵӣ෴ǣֱӵĻӶԼȭͷصĳʢ˹ȥ

һȭ
ȭ
ʮȭ
ʮȭ
ʢ׵ıˣ׵ɵˣʱֻǸоԼһһصĴеĵ۰ȥҶսⲻ
꣡
ڵҶ콫ԷٴεĴͷ


1333 ʢŭ

һĹͷϵʱǿҵľʹҲ޷ܣʢ̲סĲҽ
ϵԶĻ壬ҶȭͷǰȴĲ˿ЧҶȭͷӶһȭĻһȭصĴ֮ϡ
ٽУ
ٸҽУ
ҶԽĻȭͷǽһ졣
ſʦ֣
Χĵӷĺȵ
ǷҶϣȴֻҪôȻ޳ܵĽʢ˶һ㣬ǲ̫ǿҵķʽȥ֡
֣ɱ쵰
ʢĺ϶ĺ鲻ϵϵļⶼѾŤĲˣͨǿ߻
ʢ뵽˴ͨΪһ
ǳ鴤ӣĲҽУǴĺˮҪôµľʹܹһﵽ˵ĳ̶ȣ
κεһ˶޷󵽵ģ
λǣҲ֣ҶѧˣֱӵĽʢ˶ƣ˭ǳ֣ͽʢ͹ȥ
޳ܣ
̫޳ˣ
ҶһߣΪҲʵʢһ˺޵
ΪƵĻʢ屻һδεĴ򣬼ֱڣһħɽݺݵѹϵڲߣȴת˲ıҶɢǺεȿƵ顣
ڣǿҵĺڣʢ֪ӵĻҲѡʱֵġ
ߡ
һͻأĴݳ
ֻһߣҶȴоԼͬܵ׽ٰһѪѪڷıһֻͷӬһı
оҶ뵽˾ż٣
ǱżٶҪֲ
䡭
һշ˺ѣˮ֮ٵı
һ޴·֮˺ҧؼһһ㣬񱩣һ˲ıҶߡ
֮ϣһɫĵֳһ޴վϢĵΧһг׵Ŀʼѹ
ˣ
Ҷɫ΢΢һ䣬ŶԷɫѾʼĽʢԼĽ¡
һֻţȴݺݵ̤档
Ҷ졭
һŭȷ·ǻɽ֮µҽһ㣬ĴݳȻ޷оеŭ𵽵Ǵﵽ˺εȵĳ̶ȣȴҲĲ̲صŭһ˵ĵزϡ
ǱˣӺģ
ôˣ
ҶﻺĿ˵
ȥƷ㣬ȴ֣СӾȻûоϢԾ͹ˡ
ص˵
Ǿ޴ĺ֮ŭķ֮ȻʱҲоӺϢ
Ӻʵﵽ첻ľ磬ǿ̫ˣĸ̶˵ԶԿģŶԷݳϢȴ޷˵վҶǰ
Ҷ̲סĸж
ѣԼΣյʱ̶ԼѣͬʱҶҲѾϿԼֵܡ
ֵܣӵѪ

ռһâ˺ɵգһѾ
Ӻ֮ϣ£ǽһС
߰վӺ¶˵ŭ⣺
Ҷ졭ϴοûܵѵھȻٴεĴµĵӣǴ췴ɣ
һڣӺֱӵıҶһñӣȥ
ڵĲᣬе˭ҪԭΡ
֮λ޴ǣӺõŵӣһζĺҹȥĻһͷײˣؽ󣬻˼£
Ҷû˿ӵĿŶԷ˵ȴҲڰԵżʵԵıӺҪµĶ࣬һֵĻԼռ˵ģͬʱҶҲԵ¶˾ģ˵ãԼĵúһԼڵķӡˣһӡĻʵƱػ˴ӣʱĻӺԲԼĶ֡
ſʢ
űҶڽµʢӺ˫ĿȻ𣬱âֲǷ
򹷿ˣʢȻ˵ֻһС䣬С䣬ӺҪ٣ж٣ϵ⣬ȴء
ſ
ҶƺһЦһ㣬˫Ŀ΢΢
õһţʷ޾بžµĵܹôõʱ䣬ȴֻһԭǾǽʢʵǿ֮࣬ҵӡסˣΪŵӵ㣬ԭ̶ѯʣֱӵĿѵңӺ㵱ΪԼһ˲ɣ

˵ģҶһֻţȻֱӵĲʢϡ

һΣû˿ĹʢĲҽȴﵽһµĳ̶ϣղ˹ҽжҪֲ
Ҷ졭㣡
ʢļ鴤˼ޣ˫ĿùԲ·Ҫɳһ㣬ѪֻҶĽ£Ȼ̤㵽ʢ˫мλá
ž
΢ΧˣʵεСȴҲԸоеʹࡣ
㡭
Ӻɫ΢΢һ䣬ޱȣһ˫Ŀ·Ҫ仯ΪΪɫĹһ㡣
䡭
µĽһ޾ڰϢʼչ
һ̣Ӻķŭˣ
Ҷ죬ڸҪ
Ӻʲô
ɫ΢ĺ֮ŭꪷɿĳС

ӺƻӶۻһ㣬һֲľѸٵĳȥ

ӺȻǶŭ֮ȻѸٵı׵ľ룬Ѫʣһг¡
ž
ӺӰ˲˸ȻҶǰٶ̫죬ҶûзĻᡣ
䡭
ڰ֣һȭҶ塣
飡
䡭
Ҷ徹ȻķѣӺɫȴøѿָ·񽣣֮ڶٴεĳץȥ
ԭݵʱУҶѾԼ֮ͷų
ǴҶٵ뿪
㻹Ҫܵ𣿡
Ӻ·ȻĻһâצӾȻݺݵسץȥ
Ѿķſң
оԼľҶ̲סĶ
ӱ죡
ĺ
䡭
޴Ľ񣬻Ӷϣһ̣ۼžҪߵסˡ
˰Ѫ
һϵȻĳ֡
ǽ񣬷·ǿ˲˼һ㣬ĽһԳ򣬻æȶͼԼٵƶ档
ͷ
ﾪϲĽе
֮УһСӰվһƺ«ϵĴڹơ
Ҷüͷ΢ˣȻƿأʦ񣡣


1334 һˣ
˿ȥ쳣ɫĳ趯ǳβ룬ľǳ˻ϵӲһ㣬ϵĳۣۣʮһǵӣԴ壬ɣһֹĸо
Ȼʦƿأ
ǺǣɣˣͲҪˣͷһһζ¾Ʋˣ
¶һĨЦݣǸǷĲм
ڵĺȾ֮УһֻսҲʲôǿƣһ֮УǽȴĲҽ
ϵëϵٶȷɿ죬·һֻëռһ㡣
Ľǵ𲻶ϣһλʮǿеȦȦŮһ㡣
ϵķĽ쳣̬ӵΪ֮ľ
顭
ڵȫëǿе֮ڵĵ˵ϣ˾˵ļ
ӣû˸о˿ͬ飬෴ǣ˵пʼӿһǿҵı֮
ˣʲô˼
Ӻɫ쳣⵱棬Լ˵裬ֱһĪ裬ĳ̶ֳϣԼϺݺݵشһƣӺεȵԴ֮󣬱ƾǿֲʻķˮԼʦ֧֣ܿıΪ˸߸ϵŵӡ
ŵӣѾ֮У˵ϻˣλ洫Ӻͺֵƽ̵ӣеٮٮˡ
ô˵棬˵裬εܹƽ
ڸ˵𣿡
һ˫ĿӺ𣬻ؿ˵
һӣ˵޲ʼһһӸŪһĺߡ
ѾҲ̫װ˰ɡ
Ҷж̲סĽе
Ȼˣ൱ȥѾļһһôµԷǿᣬȫǿƸʵȴ·ͬһϵһ㣬ǲȥãȴɿԴио־˵Ŀֲڲϵɢ
ֱһ˲õĹȥ޺ӣʵϣȴǿᵽ˼µ
ҵѵ˵ˣ֪𣿡
Ӻҧгݣһһٵ˵
¶·Ҫҧһ㡣
ԵĻ˵ӺǺ뽫һﳹ׵ҧһڿڵҧ
Ŷķ
·ǵһ⻰һ㣬ϴž˵âһ۾ùԲԵĻҶΪѾҲԽˣϱһԱأһֶԱװҲ̫˵ɡ
ѵ֪
ӺҪˣΪ֪ǰһԵǣԼʦȥչصĻӺǺһֱӵӲӲ
ǻǱǸ˰Сӡ
ĺһھƻٴ˵
ϷΪ֮׼ȥ¾ƲأģڻüԼõģϷǺһ飬Ȼķ͸úĿܺð㿴Եľû̺ܽðëȻҶҵĵӳ֣֪ղšûУ
һ仰ѾԼеľƺ«˫ĿǷųɵĹ⻪µһ㹻Ĵ˵ģݺݵͷ˳
ֲϢʼĲؿʼڣ֮ϣ޾ƶ䱻ǿе˺ѡ
ŭ⣡
˾ǸɵӣȴҲ֪ʱȥ۵ϼһѾŭˡ
ҴʱҲڵ֪ˣ񣬴һʼûдӺù˫죬ҲǣӺһĿʼ뵽ƿ֮С
ҡ
ӺǽһŭȴŭǰǿֲϢѾ׵·ǲܿһ㣬ڶԷǱ֮Уȫˡ
ӺţֻҪԼԵ춯ܿľԼǰȥʱĶϼһԵһʮĺݽɫ
鷳ˣƿأһλ˲õǿߣŴǴ첻𾳵ľ֮У£ƲۣʵȴžԵʵӺνߵˡ
ǰԼΪԼĴ𣿾˵ǶԷһλ˲õĵӣϲСӣǾںȥ
ĵӱСѵõһ۸˶ԷҪ˵
˵ٴεӺɫʼҵĳ鴤üͷϵͬһ㣬ϵڳ鴤ϵÿһ·Ǵ֮صĶħʱĶҪǿеӿռ䶼һֿµ
ɼµӺŭѾﵽһô˵ĳ̶ˡ
ȴ˿ûһĸı䣬ֻĿ
ĵ˲࣬ȴҲͷҾһϲ۸˵˭ǶϷʲôϷӭʱͽ̣
һڳڳսȴûκεһ˵˵һ֣
һ򵱹Ī
Ҷ쿴ⸯɢľϢ̲סĸ̾һ䣺
ǿ߰
¶һĨ֮ɫ漴ĵ˵ͷ˵
ȻǶԣǽ飬Ϸʹգ
Ҫ˵ͻȻɫһĸı䡣
ΧĿռ·еˮһѸٵ·ڣĵӸоԼϣѪ·ǲܿƵڱϡ
߶ȫûа취ƿأԼϱжµĲ
һɲǿ󡭡
Ҷߵ̲ס¶˾ȵɫǺܿȴ֣Ҳڲһ¶޷ŵɫԼĻԸоڶԷһĨļɵ
ƺǸоʲô֮һ㡣
Ҷ֮ϵĲ˷·Ǳһɾ˵ѹסһԴȻ̧ȴ֣֮ϣȻһεĴǿеķ
ЩſµͨҶ֮۶ڶʱ֮ڲ͸еİڡ
Ϣϵݻ·Ҫس׵ĸסһ˵Ϣ֮£ϵĿʼͷԼޱ
ʲôȻҵ֮ʼ
Ҷɫݺݵһ䡣
ûκεһ˵ĸоǾż٣й˵Ч
ʲôˣʲô
ħѵɡ
ǰɫ΢΢һ̲סĽе
ҶȻҲһ֣һ̲סĻתԴҶ໥Ķһ
һ
һ
Ӻԭڳ鴤ϣʱ˵ЦݣЦ֮Уޱȵı䡭


1335 裡裡
Ҷ졭һΣҿεҿ㻹˭Իţ
һݼƿأ
һ·Ǿ⴫ĲȻ߲ɫĹ⻪·˽һ㣬ޱߵʥҪΧһг׵һ㡣
ǿᣡ
ޱߵǿᣡ
ûмˣɿֲϢȴѾ㹻κεһΪ֮ķڷˡ
һĳ֮УһˣˣŮΪһˣΪӣˣÿһλŻ£ͷڣϹ⻪˸֮УǿֲϢѾҪͷţĸоˡ
һ˳ֵ˲֮УҶͫѾ̲ס
˵ĳ֣֮۾Ȼûио
˵ʲô˵ˣ˵ĳ֣˺գ֮Ĺ۲죡
Ϊ׵Ǹӡ
˵ӿȥʮ߰ģһۣȥƽĺܣͨͨӺȽϣƺǷ˺ҰĶԱȣΪˣҶвŻӵľȡ
̣֮񻪲
ǵģķ豹棬ĴȻ
ü֮УһɰУɰٴεϸϸĿȥȴ֣ᷢȻֳ˵â
·һһضڣ
Ҷ²ûдĻһӦñһ
ԷȻ⻪̣ȴ֪ԵһµĴڣǴ˵֡
һ
һ˭̬ޱߵİԵ֮⡣
֮ΨҶһ
ҪôԵ̬ܹԼĸ߰ڹͳ
ݼһʦ֣ݼλʦʦ㡭
ӺʱѾȫûԭָ߰еֻΪص̬£ԵĳֳһֻгžŻֵӡ
ңǿǷģ˿Ĳ
Ҷ΢΢һӺһµļһܹ˿µļһ˱΢̬ˣǼ򵥵һĿ£Ѿ
Ҷ֮۶޷ԷʵΨһܹҶ쿴ʵԭֻһǱǶԷľ糬Լ̫̫ˡ
ΪĵӣǱӦҪమΪһˣΪʦ֣ǳƽ̣Ӧѭһ㣬ΪֻӣǵŻᷢչĸãŻߵĸԶѡԳݣƿص̬ѹѪʵѪ˵𡭡ƽ̡
仰˵ĺǵ壬ʵϣȴľһָһȵ̬ǿеѹסǰ
ɫ΢΢һ䣬ȻĿԸоԷ֮е˼
Ϊƿأʵһô˵ĵλϣȴһ֮ϵģǣһȻԳѵ̬˵ģԿ
Ȼϵı鿪ʼѿ

΢΢һʱһɺ嫵Χס˵ϣڷҽĽ
һĹ⻪漴һɾ춯صĲǹ⻪֮ͷų
޲㵵֮УԭѾǿеëĽ񣬾Ȼ·ͬԡķһ㣬˺ƥơ
ϵëٴεĳֳÿһëҫĹ⻪
Ȼһľ磿
Ӻ²ϵĽе
ʵҲǴ첻ľ磬ľڴ첻𾳶ѣڣһĳ֮£ǽʵȻﵽ˾˵Ϊ
Ļ֮䣬ƿغ޵ľʵԵĲһ˿󵽵ġ
ɫʼ쳣ѿһӳֵڣֻڿʼʱ򣬶Լһ˵̣Ȼֱӵӵ
һƿأʵ͵λǳȻģһʵȻҲǿᵽĳ̶ȣ˵죬ҲһλӶѣ洫ӣʵԼҪǿ󣬵ȴҲܹԼ
ô磡
ԼʦܵĮƢ𱬵ʱ̲סЦ
һʱ񰵽һã
Ȼһ仰ͷ·ͱһ㣬ΧȻĻ˿ŭ
˵𣿡
һһԽɫ˫ĿͬΪĻƽһ㣬˸Ĺ⻪ɬ˼£ͬǴ棬صķһ㣬һһĪſ̬
һģԷȻûȫɢǰһʵǱʦҪֲʮĿ¼һڸоһƳ֣Ҳ̲סķž֮
Լǰͷ·һ񵶣ڲϵиԼһ㡣
ɫ漴ϳ졣
ɫޱ䣬ŭҪ˵֮ʱͻȻһȴ˳
һ洫ӣѹһλŵĵӣ˵˲õﰡ
䡭
һױƣغըݺݵڳĽǧλӶըˡ
еһ޷ŵڿ˵֮ˣϴžɫ·ˣһһ㡣
˵ղŵҲֻ˵ôһ仰ȴҲ漰һĸ仰ڶһ˵ˣ
׷裬ԣɺ֮У˸Ѫ⻪
Ҷ忰վǰ岻ܣ˿΢
ȻΪԼͷҶȻĲѡͷڹ꣬ǲԸҲԭ
ʲôȻҶһʦ˵Ҷ죬һȻ˵ķ㣬ܷ΢ˣ
Ӻ¶ɫĺ
Ҷǰɡ
һɫû˿ĸı䣬ͷ·һ磬նȴ޷ƿҲˣΪµļһ

Ҷ˿ûк¶Է
˵֣ǾΪѣȴѧΪ˲ãϴεĲ֮Уѡ˺λٶ֣Ǿһƿأò˵ƺǿԳ֮Ϊ֮Уָģ
һﻺ˵
ÿһֶ·һһħɽصҶ棬ݺݵش̴ѹţ
Ҷû˿˲ȴѪ
ǹɾʹ޷ƵĿʼľ֮ûа취ֿסԷǿѹƣʵ̫ľ˺Ϳֲˡ
ǿУȴҶģʼͬϵľһ㣬
Ϊʲôطؼ˵޼ɵ𣿻ҡ£
£
Ǻεȵ裡
Ҷ棬ҵĲ
ûܹ˵裬ԷڳԹԼ
Ҷ첻£ԹԼʦ𣬹ԼˣǾأҲһΣ

ۼҶ쾹Ȼվһʱһŭ
ƺǴҪȴһͨж
Ҷ죬ĸˣǾԵĲκεһ˹ݣ㡭ҲУ
ҶѪʣϵļ鴤֮ϣ˫ڲϵĲȴ˿ĲŹݵӣ

־
˿𣡣


1336 Լ
ҶǿеĴ֮ϣȻûתûǿĹ⻪˸еֻǼϲϵĳ鴤ѪԼˮˮʣڳӣȴҲ̲סҪ̾һҶľ־
һˣȴҲ̲סаԵĸ̾һҶ־ʵǿֲĺܡ
һԽɫ˫Ŀȴø
˭
һ
£Ψһ֮
κεһ˳ƿأҶڣ˵ĳ̶ֳ˵ˣǾԲڵˡ
ǿӲ֮ˣһֻѡҪôҪôնɱ
£
ףĻʼŷ
漴ĻʼݻԼĿԿһӰڿʼ𽥵󣬵ԵһûʩչԼľͨ϶Ǻģ
ǼˣһŭȴҲ·ڶʥԼǰһ㣬ֲϢڳˣ޲оԼѪ˼£ӲĿʼ˵ϡ
ЩƿزסҿģһϢȴҲֻԼ˸ɢֻ󲿷ֵĶǿеʩչҶ档
ϴޱߵķŭ޷ϿΪӵΪҶ쿪ʼȻҶദʱ䲻㹻֮ƢȴǶζȻģΪֵһѪϵӵҶƢǾԵĲڵϵġ
ڵǾζţ˵ĳֳֻϵĳȴҲһĪ裬֪Ҷ켴Ҳѡݵġ
䡭
Ҷǰһģ䣬ǰһӰڷ󣬳Ϊһ˲õ顣
ޱߵѹŵİΧס壬ǿҵĶֲЧ޾ķŭ⣬޲ܵ˿ֲѹ
ݰɣݰɡֻҪˣͲɷ򲻽ҪĪҪӵǣڵϣɡû˻ᳰЦġ
һҶĶߡ
ǿҵĹƻ󣬾аһϵĹƻ
ҵҵĻ꣬ҵѪҵһжԼףûκεһ˿񣬼졭ûʸ񣡣
Ҷٴεĳһ־
꣡
˫ȾȻ˹Ҷۻƽʥ壬һֲֿ㹻ıκεһǱϵıҪֲ
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Ҷ죬㻹ʲô죬һʩչɣգȴҲ޷ıһˣ洫ӵǰ϶㲻ϣһʦֻ
ӺǽһⰡ
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ҶĬĬĺ֣һ˫Ŀʱɺķ·ҪγѪһĿֲͿ¡
һӣӺж̲סһ󷢺Ǻܿģȴ̲סķŭŴʱҶ죬ȻẦ£һֳ衣
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һҲһĨϵĲʥһƵչֳ
ͬһµһ㣬صҶϡ
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Ĺ֮ΪֵǿУȻغһ
ͷ·ԭһ׹ǣڶϳ֮󣬱ļѹһٴεĳΪһ׹ǡ
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žžž
ϹѲϣҶ˫ȸǿʼڵ³˫Ŀȴᶨ˼¡
ʹ࣬ǿܵסġ

һŭˣѪȼգһͷ˸߲ɫ⻪ĳƮԣһ㣬ݺݵǰһ
һ֮ϵȴʮ
Ҷ챾ѾʧˣٴεŶԷ˾˵ʵȻĸӵСȥ
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ⲻƽҲȥĻȷʵһ¡
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˦һҪ뿪
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һ
һɳƵͻȻĴݳ
һĽŲȻһͣ
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תһԽɫ˫ĿĳҶ쿴˹ȥ
֮裬֮ڣһ
Ҷ˫Ŀż֮ɫĿһ˵
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ƾң
ҶһһٵĿŶԷĿ˵
ûлĻشûзԣеֻǾԵͿ϶
Ӿͷ·˵һһ㡣
Сӷ˰ɡ
ʱ䰡һﲻǷˣǾһӣһʮķӡ
Ҷ죬ʱ䣬Ҫ˵Ǻһʦսˣ㼴ʦϵķӡ򲻿ŵӶ޷룬ƾʲôܹһԿ
˵˷Ӻ𣬶ĻȴҲӮ˲˵Ͽɡ
Ҷʵ̫Բˡ
Ȼ˵Ҷǿ־ҸղŵΪȷʵҲһĺӣĻȴ൱Բһ˭δҲǳƽ̵ӵķ
Ҷ˭
ֻһŵӶѣһӡŵӣǴһһﶼһˡ
֪ΪʲôڿҶǼᶨ֮һоȻһ̵ּĽҶնɱ뷨
һֹ뷨
һĸ߰ȴ뷨׵Ĵˡ
ңҲ֪ǾԵĲ棬ȥնɱҶģڣܹ˺
㲻ң
Ҷ쵭ĻһӺ͸߰ӣ
ߣҾ͵㣬ʱ䣬ҵǺڴĳɳ
һһ䣬漴˵
˦һ˻뿪ˡ
λǣҲĺϷճˣɱ˰ڳǿȥȻĲȥôѸٵ뿪˴˴


1337 Ű˲ͼ
죬û°ɡ
ϴŹ֮ɫ˵
Ҷ¶һĨŹɫ˵
ܹÿǾûˡ
ŷ֣ԼҶϴıסһ˿ڴеʹȻǿ֪ġ
ð
̲סĽе
ʱҶ컹˵ЦʵһĨҪ˵ĳ嶯ˡ
Ҳ֪ڻǺûᡣ
Сӡȷʵǳ嶯˲ٰʱ䣬Ǹʱ䣬Ҳսʤһģ
ǿ϶˵
Ϊţ
Ҷ˵
׵ĶԼģҶǸ߰ģǡõһһݸ߰ݺݵ̤ˣҲܵΪµ裬˵ʹ˵˵ġ
ðɣ˰ľлϷϲ
ѵõЦ
ҶոյҪ˵Դȴһʹ漴һӵ˵ϡ
졭죬û°ɣ
Ľе
ýˣһһ˿ȥֿģ˵һʧȥһеֿӵ鷳ֻʧȥԼʶ˶ѡ
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СӵʵȻǿ󣬵ֲ־൱Ŀ£˵˻ԼĴǾΪˣ⵹Ϸ뵱ĳԾ
ڵĹ˵
ʦѵ˵һĲ𣿡
Ҷ壬̲סĶʵ
¶һĨɫ
һʵȷʵǿСĪ˺ͻħ໥ںϣֵõˡħеʵȻͻͽǴ˵Ļǿ£һɴǴǿֻ£Ļһ˵˼εǿ󣬵ȴҲڶ̶̵ʱдﵽ˵ĳ̶ȡңҲûа취ûа취оһ硭
΢΢ĸ̾
οǼ˴֮е洫ӣһʦ֣ʵǣȻǴ֮
ǰǿߺƿأһӣһִڣǿӦӵеģµΪµΪ
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Űһһ֪νŵӾȻҺа壬Ƕ֮Լһǰ׳𣿡
ʱ䣬ŵӣ뵽洫ӣȫǲܵ飬ҿʱû뵽ŵӣһʦѾΪ˴˵֮еƽ̵ˡ
˵·Ƿ籩һĿʼ𣬲ҵ˲֪˲
ҶҲʼΪ˲
塭

ҶԴһ֮漴˹˲һ޾ľʹ
Ȼ˵ϵĸżѾָĲˣǿҵľʹȴǴڵģ뵽һǿֲƾȻѾԽԼȵ˵ĳ̶ȣҶ־粻ǿȴҲɵ̲סһǿҵĵִ
ˡ
һϵݳ
žƻ뷿֮СС
лĳΪĳ֣»ҪԷ裡
ҶֿĸмȻ֪Լһα˾£Ҳ󲿷ֵԭԵʣһݶ飬ȴҪεļסҿԼС
㲻ҪмϷɼΣʱ仹̫Ķˡ
̲ס¶˿Цɫ˵
Ҷɫһ
һֱ죬ˣŵǣ˶ʤ죡
̲סһ૵
˶ʤ졭˶ʤ졭˵ĺãˮˮԭˣ
˼ı飬漴ĴЦ֮УƮȻ뿪
ϣһ㵭Ĺâʼҵıֱֳһĺһ㣬Ѷ¡
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ʱ䣬ô죿Ҫ֪ڵ㣬ǳΪһЦҽ֮УĻҲкôҪȥӵĳ͹
˵
ˣһǻصԭĵط
ҶԼĴ㡣
ĵͷȥȰ⣬ΪҶǵԸǸ߰ģԼһĸ߰һ϶ĳ飬ǿǰƥġ
ðɣϵҲָĲˣõĻһʵʱȥ뿪ҲҪ̿ˣ
Ļﲻ࣬Ҷȴ֪ԷܹԼͬͬһ꣬ȻˣһΣһĴҲܴ󡭡
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Ҫչһʱ䣬һʱǿ£ֻҪǲҾͺã
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Ҷޱ飬һΣҲڴһΡ
һε裬νǿǰģȻ˵Ҷûйڵϣ˵İԵѹƣȴѾȼ޾һ
һǿ󣬵ǡҲǺ㣡
ﻺ˵
СȷʵǺǿ󣬵ȴҲԵûʸںа壬ΪٶֻҪŬȫʸɳΪһλӵļһ
˵
ұҪϵķӡ⣡
Ҷ΢΢Ľ⿪ϵĳۣ棬һͼȻĳС
ħɵĺڰš
ħӡҵһ취ȫĴƣ
ҶĶüͷ
ͻأľʱ̲ס¶˹Źֵɫ
һֱѰһĵطȴˣϵŰ˲ͼһĪ磬ҾȻҪȥѰĵط𣿡
뵽ҶʵһֿЦõĸо
ɽ֪龹ȻҲᷢԼϡ
֮ȫĿԼŰ˲ͼŰ˲ͼ֮Уһ޷оеĴڣ
ʵҶŰ˲ͼ϶ҲԽأԼģ
ӡңȴҲΪԼ˶ֻҪɵϵһӡҵа֮ڼȡһаŻ֮ҲٴεӵĿԵõһ󲿷ߡҵøл㣡
һĨЦҶ


1338 ͷȮ
ɽˮ滨ݡ
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ԪŨҪŨʮĵزԪӿ֮˺̬
ܹԪγˮɼ̲صǶôľ˺Ϳֲ
ڲϵķԶһƽԭ֮ϣγָ̬
һƬ硣
͡
һռ˺ѣ漴ƺǱƽͣĲ
Ӱ˸Ļﴫݳ

һ˲ָԭƽ״̬
ҶԴȵĿΧһУΧĸı䣬ΪĳԾ
ֻǶݵʱûнȴû뵽Ű˲ͼȻʼ˷츲صĸı䡣
֮ϣ׵ĸ߿֮У޴Ӱ֡
¥ޣֲ鰢ޣ
ߵϹ⻪˸·µʥһ㡣
ߵԽԽǿ󣬶ˮǴߣҵĿռ֮Ͱ޵ǵҲԽԽǿģҵǿҲøͣ⵹ศɰ
Ҫڶʱ֮ԼΪ취һΪ׵ģȴѰҵҵѾˮ֮֮Լ˫Ľ֮ȻҼ̳ˮʵϣȴɵûзӳĴܣеศɣֻҽľ֮֮׵ں֮ҵڲŻγϵдѭʱҲԴԴϵĿʼɣҵҲ뵽һޱߵľ磬ʱһƵһҲǲܵġ
ҶΪڴ˵
㻹ǽԼʵȥ˵ɣҪõĻ൱ѵģڣνĵħӡһ֮ܹúõİյĻ˵ãŻɳ൱ֲģһһѵԴ뵽˴ľ֮󣬱㿪ʼÿҪ̣סԼıġ
һһƬ
ԭһѵõܹҶ˵ôĻҶΪľȡ
һġ
Ҷ˵ͷ
漴¡
Ȼ˵ӡסˣ磬֮УҶƿһС

ͣ
˫ֽӡһתľγһʥķģһ߱ħϵǳ֮γǳ۵â
䣡
һ޴ŻĴ򿪣
һɫŻޱߵ
塢пᡢѪ졢ʹ࡭
ĸɢ
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ΪŰ˲ͼЧŰ˲ͼٻıԴŰ˲ͼ棬ϵƵˣҵ֮УȻˣǾ͵ҵİţǵѹߣҲ밴ҵҪȥ
ҶϴɫĿ˵
ƶָӲĿʼһӡǡ
䡭
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а֮ŻĴˡ
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Ҷŭ
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Ȼأ֮еķҪ֮󣬷֧ת
ȻҶŰ˲ͼֻƤëѣȴӰǿ
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һŻҪΪǿĴڣҵ֮УŻ޵ģʵģκεĲ϶޷ȥȴԼмӳ֡
Ҷﻺ˵
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ĵΪ˺ɫħһ㣬ʼȥ
໥ںһ漴ŻӵķʼĲת
ңңģһ֮С
硢ڲ
һ޵Ŀռ֮ڣһӰ֣ΧĺڰŤţħݺ᲻ϣħߣһֵ˵;Լ޵־һֿµĴڡ
Ҷ졭СڴϢӦŲСܣһҵͻڼҳأڣ

һ˸ԷҲֳ

оԼԴԴϵҲ¶˵ЦݣϧþһֲĸоȻϣ
ۡ
ѪɫҪѿжѿ
ǡô£


1339 ׵֮
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һеһжޱȵá
ϧһ̣һȴУ
ۡ
̲סһѪٴεǾһ̣ǰһϵĺڰŻС
ǡ֮ţҵĵ֮ţҵľѧȻʩչ֮ţȴԵûŨĳ̶ȣӵĲҪ˵ʩչ˱̬ˡ
оǰĵ֮ţɢޱʱĸоһֲԾ
ڳɵ˲䣬޾֮ȴݺݵס˵塣
áô£
𡭡
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䡭
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ҵΪʲôҵᱻǿеɵ
ϴŻֵ̿ɫ
ԴҲ֪еԭԭľҪͻˣΪʲôȴӡ
ѧˣԭֻһŸ߼ľѧڵõһŵľѧ֮󣬲˳εȵľˣԨ໥ĶԵȡ
ڵȴоԼһ־ѧԵĳΪԼļߣԳ֮ΪһȺԼĹߡ
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оΣڵԼľѸٵĽԼĵ׵ľѧʩչ˳
ѧȻҲǺڰԵʽһ̶ȴԶԶĲǵĶ֡
ڵûѡѡĻһƾԼĵλȥѡһӿµľѧǱԼĵѧš
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ŭһɴŵʱй
漴񱩵ĳǵ֮ųȥ
ԭѾԼİǿѳĵͷȮͻȻĿԼǰС࣬ȻȻ˵漴Ļ˹ĳӣݺݵسԼϡ
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ǵתԼľѧ˲䣬Ц˲Ĵ
ΪȻԭĴ첻Ϊ˲Ľ䵽˴첻ĳ̶ϡ
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ģģǱӺ֪Ļ쵰һӦԲᰧˣ޾ķǺڰԵġڵ۴ͨеĲڵϣһ֪ͽ»ᴦĻǵҵġ취һҪ취Լڶʱ֮ڻָ
ɫޱȡ
Ժ֮У˸ͷ
ͻأһӰԺ֮С
ȵȣǸСӣľֻдǾѣڵȴԺô첻𾳵ǿ߶ԿΪҳֵĻȥӦСӵϣ֪ܣҪƿһҪƿ޾ܣҶǰɡָܷҪˡ
һ˿Цݳϣֲ
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֮УһŻڷĲת
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Ҷ쿴֮ϣһֻڷŭĵͷȮĻ˲еĹؼ
ͷȮѹħ
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˵ͷȮˣ֮źа֮֮һôȥģһĻµŻƱػûԤ뵽ǿ󣬸ģӻЩ鷳
Ҷ̲סü˲䡣
һɿֲȻĳҶϣ˲û뵽˵֮ڲ
𡭡
ͷȮԭ壬һγ׵ĿʼƺǸоĳΣһ㣬ϵز
һǵħӡһȴڲˣ
ҶЩȻ˵
ȴ֪Ϊ˱סԼһԼĵ׵䵼뵽˵֮ڲʧȥѹƣͷȮͷ·ʧȥԼԴͷʧȥԼĸ
ͺǹˣǵǹû˿Ƶǰ£ҲֻһǹûΣ
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ںϣ
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һ˸ɫɫ⻪ŻĳҶǰ
޾ѹչ֣ĹâŻڲϡ
Ҷ켴ǻûʩչȴѾоˣ̫֮Ԩ֮Լ֮ڻ㶦̬ƥ
µŻӴˣΪ׵֮ţ
ոյ£ҶϣһɿֲȴٴǵصĴĵ￪ʼͷ˳


1340 ͻƣ
һͬ׵ѸͣûеȵҶ췴Ӧ㿪ʼˡ
ǡħӡӡлѵ˵ĵħӡ֮Ѿǿеİ𣿡
뵽˸ղǵͷȮʧȥ˷ӣҶ쿪ʼԼĲ²⵽еĴš
ֲ΢΢ʧ֮УٵĻָ˹
ڵɲʧʱ˾˵ɲȥʧ
׵֮ţ
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һǵǿеȥĻ»кܴѣ׵֮ŵİȫĿʡȥܴһֵʱѵġ
Ҷ¶˷ܵɫ˵
һεٸߣ֪ԼһΪûҶõٵʧǳȫĻ»Ѫس鴤ġ
ҶĿʼŵƽ
һ޴׵֮ŻųԼеĹ⻪
صɫʥַİ֮ɫɫ󲻶ϵͷų
ΧסҶ塣
һĸоҶУָоͷ·ǻع鵽ĸ壬ȫĿʼõͷš
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ޱߵ󽭴ӣ಻ϵǰǿеһеĹ⻪ӵҶɫڵһʱǺ
ǰҶ޵ȫĲһ
Щεľ֮ǰȴҲѾɢ˺ܴһֵ󾭹˴֮ҲʣµĲ࣬ڲһȲѵĽԼĵ֮ͷųģͺһֹඥ֮һ㣬Ҷһ˿һĵ෴ǣ׵֮ŵҫ£Ὣе׵뵽ԼС
ͷţҶĸоһ˳ŵȻıˣٶȷɿĳ֫ٺʼͷų
͡
ɫĹâʼҶ֮˸ϡ
䡭
һľ޴𵴣Ҷؿʼֳһ㵭Ĺâ
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ۻƽʥĿʼչֳ
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˽˺ѵľϵľ޵ʷϣǺĻ˿ӵľ໥ϲĺпܳ֡
ۻƽʥĳ֣ҶĸоˣԼľϴϸ΢ĲÿһƬۣÿһļÿһ˿ļ⣬ÿһĹ·Ǳһδεĳϴһ㣬ϵͷųԼΪĲ

о𲽵ĿʼܵԼĿƣҶ컺һ

䡭
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ĺһһɿµľʹʱ֮еÿһ䴫ݳ
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Ҷĵ֮Уһ޴صĳ֡
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ͨ˫ţٶȺľϱóĵز
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һ̫ͼ֮ľ֮Լ֮֮ǳ֮ȵγɵġ
Ԫһת̫
̫໥תܹĹһ̬
ں֮Ҷڣĵ֮Ҳڴ֮󣬿ٵʹȥϵİΧ̫ͼ棬
Ҷ𽥵ĸо峺Ĳ
΢΢һ֮𽥵ļ˶֮ת
ٶȵĻӴ֪ҪĶٵʱ䣬ȻҿԽŰ˲ͼʱǿеľֹһʩչ˾ֹҵƱػֿģ˵һ£ҵץʱˡ
΢΢һ֮Ҷ漴ٵĵȼˡ
䡭
޴ڵıҶ쳹׵ĵȼʹ߶
ֲľʹ漴ĵȼ
һ޷Ƶľʹ·˵嶼ڱ׵ȼ
޾ʹҶϼⶼ̲סĳ鴤ϡ
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СѵõĻָչ֮ѣʱ䱻һֱŰ˲ͼ֮УϵЩ̲סĽ
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СצӲϵǷʴţ˲
˵Ҫôݰɣҵɲ߰
ƺǶС׺簮Ȼ˵ŲеĶȴ൱ںϣ˿쳣
һɡ
һԵĺè̲סĿֹһèڿ֮УʼЩӺ͵βͿɳܵڸסԼƨɡ
һֱڰԿҶԭڿѾ˵Ϊ֮󣬶̲סһƺֻɳܺèΪ
֪ԼһȻèһ뷨˵ûѾĳ嶯
Ȼֲ
оԼϴֽĲҶпЦѵ뵽
ղŵٶǡһĻھǡ١ʵͻȻڳ޾ʹ֮УҲҶջÿֲ
棬ʼĻݻΪĻͷ࣡
޴׵֮ţ
ǧǧ۷࣡
ڤ
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λĵ󡭡
һֶƥǵɢĹԣҫʥ졭
ЩȻкܶĲͬȴҲһת
Ű˲ͼ֮УǳҶʵĹ֮ȻγɣЩǳɿ³γǿǳ֮ٴεչֵҶ֮С
ǡ
Ҷ΢΢һȻԼǳ֮ĺͽ֮໥Ľϣγһָӷ
һֲ»ɣ𽥵չֳΪǧ׵ĵز
޴Ļݣ·һβ䵶һ㣬֮εȵǿᡣ
žžž
ڵ۲ϣһ֮Ƹڳ˯֮˹
䡭
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ƾȻٴεѣϹŵһ㣬Ϊ貵Ĺ⻪
Ҷһϲ漴һɺȻ׵ı
ٰʮȻĴйϸǷıǡ
Ǿ죡
죡
죡
粻ϵҶҲͬʯڷչȴֱøӵȹ̡


1341 ѾǸ̬
һ޴ĸ֮ۡУһɿֲѸٵɣ漴ݻΪһڰĵ󣬵ֳֺɫĵ񽣣ȻĻ֮Уһ춯صĺۼ
ǿռѵĺۼǿʹŶԷþõûа취ϣ
Ӻվһ԰֮УֳһɫĹâ·һֻ۾һ㣬Ѱ޿һ۶оһʰĸоӿͷ
֮ϵһѺۣ¶һĨЦ⣺
ܺãڴ˴첻ͻƱԵţһȥսĻҵΪͻͽģҵĻѾﵽһڵĳ̶ȣȥжһҪıϴηֵһöǴħʯҵġڵ۴ͨžԵ棬κεҵĻֲһΣȴԶһˣһһĵĻҾͿһεսУʣɱȺħҵĻٴεĻָ
Ӻ૵
Ǻܿһ˫ĿȻıµâ
ʢ𣿡
ռӿһĲĴ˳
ʢĴռ˺Ѷ漴̤
ʱʢԭȽϣƺǸӵĿˣ㿡֮Уȴһɿµķ·Ҫγˮһ㡣
һ˫ĿɢǿĲƣеĴ⻪˸ʹԭĿʼЩº
ʢԴӱҶϵ֮֮˴䣬޼£ȴҲûκεһˣܹԼ˵ʵ
ǿȻԻָԼƻ壬κʢܱҶҶһȻû̲ǿȴС׵Ĳȳ࣬ʱһҲѾչʩչ뵽ڲɡħʩչݻΪһ֮
Ӷ׵޸Լ
ȴҲ¡׵ıָˣ
һҲ֪ΪԼʩչŻʢʧȥĻᣬÿÿĿԼ¡ǹ⻪̬ŭͷԹĻ㿪ʼݺݵȼ
ʧȥ˵ĻᣬһΨһĻᣬȻ˵еҪԭ򣬻һµԭ򣬵ΪؼȴҶ죬Ϊĳ֣ΪҶ콫Ӹݺݵز飬ǲȳ࣬ǲӵġ
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ʢĲ⣬£ֻҪӻ֣㹻ĿİţǿǵʢһļֵŻˡ
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üޱȣ·Ůһ㣬⣬һŴľѧνǽҪ֮ȴҲҪ֮ſеҪԹ
õһӣεܹΪԹһôߵ飬ڵʢΪԼʵֻȥûѡ
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СӴ̽ˣ
ʱӺʵ˲٣ȻĿԸоԷڶԼĪԹޣȴ⣬෴ǣҶ죬ȴеһ̣˵Ǿ˵Ǳʣӡסˣȴɵû˿и
ʮһʱ䣬ûг֣СƺǶ
˵֮ʢԴѾ̧
˿ûڸԼϵǰԹ̬
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Ӻ૵֪ΪʲôһֲԾĸоͷʼơ
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ʮһʱĲܹıʲôģСӵܵص˺ڳ֣ҲþһʱСӿǺǳ֣˵Żߣ˳һ㲻ʮ壬Сսһֵģʱˣ˳֣Ҳ޷ıһ㡭
˵ʱһ˿ƺ𽥵ʧˡ
壡
Ƴ˷ӡ
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ǵģѾ׵˺һӡ
ҶıǵȻʱ뵽˴ǾΪĳκε˵ǺģҲֻˣ׵֮ԼٰʮĵЧνһҲΪ
죬ǶԿһΣ
ź֮ŭꪵ˳һոյĳأҶ쾹Ȼָʵ֮Ȼӵļ
й˫Ŀ񣬺򲨶ǿ·һֲǰ趯һʵȻ뵽˴ΪȻٴεһ磡
ãԣ
Ҷɫƽ͵˵
ʿ裡
һ֣㶯Լĺ֮ŭꪣ
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СӣһֱǴɱУ
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Ҷ岻ܣʯһ޴Ļչֳ
󣡡
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ȻˣһԵĴӺ֮ŭ漳ȡ˺ܴһֵ
Ҷ૵
䡭
ıһ޴˻ۣһֲβݺݵس

ռѣ
޴ĺ󣬱Ԧĺ󣬹Ϯ
Ҷ˻һβȴ·һ㣬ݺݵػȥȻصĴ˺ͻ

󳹵׵ѡ
Ƭʼǹ⡣
á
д󾪣ȫû뵽Ҷ쾹Ȼ˵ǿ

̤㣬ҶΧѸٵγһƬ촷ۡ
Ӱ˸ʱ߲Ȼû˿Ľչ֮ȴ廯˹һ㡣
䡭
ȭȭӡ죡
ȭ죬ȭⶴ
ȿȿȡ
޴ȭȭںһ𣬲˿ֲصĴĺ֮ŭ֮ϡ
һɴӳ֣оԼƾȻһ˺ѡ
Ѫŷ
žžž
岻ĵ
ϴ޷ŵɫҶ졣
һٴεı˻˺ѳΪƬ
Ѿģôôǿ󣿡
̲סĽ
ϸǾ쳣
ҶһнԼĵӣΪֱҪˡ
һа
ҶʲôΪǲǴǾĳ̶ȰˣأǿѾﵽ˴ͨڰľ磬ϾԵĴడ
ٺ٣ѡһΰɡ
ҶоԼûʩչٵԾԾԵ˵
ѾľǸ̬˭սڴҴ̼ԼģҲˡ
Ϊ˵Ľе
Ǻǡ
Ǿµǿߣһľ֮󣬱ǿеİסеŭ𣬻Ŀ˵
սʼˣ죬㲻Σ


1342 Ǳ뺣ؾԨ
壿
Ҷɫ΢΢һ㵡
ҲӦ˹
죬ɣĻͲҪȥѡʦˣݣҲԳΪŵӣʱǾʦֵˡ
죡
˵
ҶǼ뵽壬ɣǶԼĪĺô
ȵһ㣬Ҷʵ̫ĿˣԼŹϵʷΪԼ֮УѧÿһֶˮԪءˮ֮Ϊġ
ˮ֮һϱСֻܶܸоеǿƥҲΪʲôʷ˵ƾˣǵȴǵ㣬ĵʵǿᣬǾܵżԭ
Ҷһ룬ɣὫԼʵ׳ʮǰٱĵز
ٴεĿҶ죬ȴִʱҶ쾹Ȼ뵽˴Ǿľ磬һת۵ʱĸΪȻʶ㣬ȴҲû
ҶҲǴʹҪҪԭ֮һ
ҶʵݻɵģΪĶĲơ
˵ҪҶԼȥѡ
ð
Ҷ룬ֱӵѡͬ⡭
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¶˼;㵵ı鿴Ҷ죬̲סٴεһ䣺
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⵹ҪҶΪԼĵӣҶڵĳ̶ȣҪҶ㶨˶ҪķѲС鷳ܷ㶨һδֻ֪ҪҶ콫ԼʵͷųԵƿҪõΪԼĵӡ
˵Ż˵ľ㵺ͼ
ǰͬˡ
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壬Ҷ쿼ǵҲ٣Ȼ˵ʵǿ󣬵ľѧԵĲҪȥѧϰ̫࣬ҪǰȣֻҪǰһж˵˵ȥ壬˵Щ鷳Ҷµľ鷳
˲ҪٵĿǣҶֱӵıѡ塣
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һнˣѵ㹻˵ʵҪ𣿿ңǴҪѹţԺҶʦ֣λӵӣĻҵĻ˵㵨ҷϷͰȴˣʡĸҵ鷳
˵
Ȼʱʵûٸ鷳
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еһλΪҵĶӣҲ洫ӣǳȥܾãȴûлһλգµĲ֪һˣȥȥ֮أĻҲڵλĵ΢
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Ϸ֪𾴳ͽ
ҿͷֵĻͲҪҳַ˰
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ǲϴĲҽҶ̲ס¶һĨЦ⣺
壬ƺҲһѡ񰡡
ΪŵӣҲҪиĿ˵ģһҪϱϾһϵ壬ʵеģܿҶΪŵӵϢҲ֪ˡ
ꡭ
Ӻеıӱݺݵˣɫ쳣һȻıŷɨΧһУ֮޲ǿеѹΪĩ촷ۣ
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һ㣬Χӿ¶ɿĳ
ƿһλ˲õţȻ͵ʵȴǿĺܣλƿ֮УǶˣǵҵˣϣλµĵӣһλ洫ӣȻ˵ʵһȴҲĺܣһλӣȻ洫ӣȴ洫ӵΪʢһʱҲ㹻˵ˣһ׳ա
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Ѿȷˣչֳҵʵһ¡
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һ棬չֳԼʵǾζţҴķӡӵĻҵҲƱػ˵עģӺĻҵҲͱ¶ˣ෴ģǲ¶Լʵ͵£˵һΣڰǹ׶㣬ѷһơ
Ҷķţÿһεķϱĵͷѡ
꣬ܺãܹһ㣬ԵĲһɵ飬ѲŰǷ绪ΪʦܶˣȴΪֵĽʷĳ֮УΪʷӵһɳ˿˿Ĳһֱ˵ҪסԼ뷨
̲סֹ
ʵ͸չֳŸӾҪǺ£ֻкˣŻ᲻ӣô鷳Ҫӷ
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İȭͷٴεĺɱ˹ȥĲҽʵŶ𾪡
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һֵܰгͷ
ʦŰ
Ҷл˵
û˿ɬҲûκεĳͻеֻŽͽһĶֻӣŻ֮дôõʱ䡣
Ǳ뺣ҶȻҿ彫Ժļң˭ǵƻҵļңǾҶĵˣһҲУ


1343 ѶϢ
ͷҵ֣ҵˮʯùˡ
һٺվԼ˵
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ûУ
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漴ڿٴεԼȭͷ֮󣬲վ˵
ҵľѧҪˮʯͷҿӰѵ˵Ӷҡ
ǿӣҶ̲סһ֣濴ƺ֧һִڣڽңԪѧԺͨá
Ļ֣ﲻãϵĻֿ²࣬Щ֣Ϊʦļ񡭡
Ҳ֪⻹⣬Ȼͳһö˸žӨ⻪ľƬݸҶ˵
Ҷӹ˾ƬԺ֮б˸еѶϢ
־ƬǼ򵥵֣Ա֣ÿһĵӶӵУΪҶڻ֮дһ˵Ϊֹ־ƬûеԼС
лʦ𡭡
Ҷ˵
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֡
Ҷ̲סĽ
˵಻࣬ȴҲˣЩŵڽ뵽Լʦ֮ȴҲֻܹĿˣ屾㲻ǿܹóôĻ֣㹻ĿĵĶԴҶġ
ⲻƽͷҪ飬ϴθҵĻҲǲѣȻʦ㻹Ƿء
Ҳ֪ܵ˺֮ŭꪴеԵʣΪԭԸƺǵõͷźת䡣
ߣ㻹˼˵Ϊʦ㲻ȥǷħɽϵ͵ÿһλӴĻ֣أȴΪɣܾˣڻ˼ΪʦҪ֣ΪҲ֪ϵĻֻ٣Ҳǧĳ̶ˣߺߣ۸ôĵӣΪΪʦŲڴʦȥһȥɣܿ콫һκõĻᣬ׬ӴĻֵġ
˵ģѸٵʧ
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߰ɣҴȥǲһȥıﻹǶĿֲ˰
˵ʱϽ̲סҪˮˡ
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ҶԺ֮ȻĳѶϢļأǲǻֵĶһ䱦ϺõĵҩϹžѧ޵ŹǣҵֻҪл֣Ϳ׬
֪ҪڲǷҵء
ҶаԵ˼
˵ܹѰҵľ֮֮ĻʵٴεʱȥһԿҲһ¡
ǲòƻһ·̣ߵʵǿĺܣ̤ĲҲǿᣬתһ˲õϹžѧ⺣֮ŭС
תͬΧˮ֮ھۼϣٲȻһϵķһľۼˮ֮Եĵȼܸߡ
Ҷ߲ȴħߵ֮ӳһ𣬻ûΪǿӵ죬ħߵĻͬڣԦһռ䣬ƺƴĺܡ
֮µλǣŻֵ̿ɫǣ֮޲һƬľ֮
ˡ
Լʮӵʱ֮Ѿᳵ·ĴҶһ޴Ĺǰ
ȻһҲѾǵһˣʮӵ·̣ʱ䲻Ҷɶߣ˵·㹻Ŀľ޴󣬶Ҷ컹˼ľ޴֮ʱǰһ˲õѾٴεĳˡ
񳹣죬߲ɫĹ⻪˸˲õϢ鲼֮ϣγһĳ磬еĵλۼһγһ޴ƶ䡣
Щƶ˿˿ԣȻѰ֮صƶҪܶࡣ
ҶԸоЩƶ䶼Ҫ۳ΪʵˣĻҲһ
գԴӲڲıõôɴ˿ɼе䱦жôֲ;˵ĳ̶ȡ
ҶϵıҲ٣ȴҲıȽϵĻԼϵĺܶ౦ﶼͬǲݽһۡ
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Ҷ˵ϾȻﵽ˹ͳһ
ٺٺ٣뷨Ǻõģκΰô˵Ļ˵ãʦڵһʱ佫Ǹˡ
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뵽ĿֲԼŭʱڵӣ̲סĴһ£
˰ɣǽȥɣеıȻܶ࣬ǲıﶼǧֲſԵõеȵҲڣְҲǱȱȰèĺá
˵ҲѾʼС
ţͭɫеŹϵ׭ģ·ԼĿԿһɹɵ߲ϡ
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Ҷ֮΢΢ʩչ˲㿴ŵľ޴ڵĳ̶ȣ¶޷Żһ˿һ֮ۿĿΧΧڲΧͭɫŵΪԣǿеʩչĻķġ
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Ц˵
һμʱӺҶһ㣬ҸӵĿţΪһŵĻ˵ãһﲻߵ뷨ˡ
ӦߵĵԶĴˡ
漴Ҷ˫ĿȻ
䡭
ıʱҶоԼѪ֮ϣΧסȴû˺
һϹŹǻǺ֮໥ҹĲûԵĲҸо˾˵Ĳ
΢΢Ҷ֮۴ſ
һ΢΢Ĵʹд
ָоԵΪı̫Ӵˣ֮۶ûа취ȥӦ
ݡ
ҶԺ֮вϵ˸ﱦ֣ÿһ¶Ǻ֮óȥĻԵĻһȷѪ꣬ǷʥĻ˵õĻʥһƬġ
ڡ
Ϊ˵ĳҶ̲סһ
۸Ҳʵ˵ɡ
߰ɣ֮ǸģֻȥĵطˣҵˮʯұҪģʮһöһöſʹʱ䣬ǿӵ޼ް
̲סֹ
˵һΣսˣħ֮ڿٴεһˡ
߻ڴߵʱһ˳
ħ֮
Ҷһ֣пΪʱݣҲֻǿڴ״֪
ħ֮ȻҪ죬ӣҪˡ
ͻȻ˷ܵĶҶе


1344 ҡ
ħ֮ǵһʲôĴڣ
Ҷ̲סʵ
ѵû𣿡
ڵ˵Ǻܿȴ²Ľ͵
νħ֮ҲһԪ򣬺ܴ󣬴ĳǵ֮࣬ǰһ˲õĴԪʥϢ޾е޴󲿷ĶǹԻ߻ǿѹʥϢһԪƿǣΪһλ˲õħǿߣţħǿߵʵԷʢŭ֮£ʩչħȻһ̴Ԫˡ
ε۵ģ
Ҷüͷ΢΢һ̲ס˵
֪ħ֮ڵʱ̫ˣǱڵʱ䶼ҪãΪʷֵľԶˣ˵Ҫ˽⵽еʷ鷳ġ
Լ֪Ϣ˵˳
Ҷĵ˵ͷٴʾ˵
ħ֮ԭǽֵģ˵֮Ϊģħǿʩչħ֮ĴԪѾǿе۳Ϊħ磬ǿǣ׵ıħˣĹԻʥԵľѧȻתΪ˺ڰа𽥵ʧȥԼʶõһԪ򱻳׵ĴݻˣЩޡħ޵ȵκεſµħԣ˵طӴ˳֮Ϊħ֮ҲѧԺǲѧԱȥĵطħ֮ڵʱޱȵƳеıȻǶĺܣȻ˵ЩǿħˣľѧǴڵģÿһħ֮֮󣬶׬ȡֵĴʱ
ԾԾԵ˵
˫Ŀðӣ˵ˣʱеļѾﵽһεȾ˵ĵزԵĻѾ˵ûҪ̵ĳȥء
Ҷĵ˵ͷ
ĻƺҲ൱Σհ
ߴʱѾûѡȤˣԼϵȫĹΪˮԵľʯ֮󣬱ҶҴҵ뿪
ħ֮ΣȻǿ󵽵ģ֪ħǿĵʲôħѧ˵˵ΪһλʯǿߵĲ漴ĳѹ˶ԷȻ˵ʤˣΪѡĵصħ֮˵Ҳˣڻɱħǿ֮ҲˣһֱϵľѧıҲΪ׷Ѱı֮һ
˵֮ƺҮƽϢ
ÿһʱ䣬λѧԺԺƽǱѡǲӽ뵽ħ֮֮УΪħ֮ȽϵĽӽλħǿսĹǿߣǰȻӡһŴԪ򣬵еķӡھ˹ϵ֮󣬻ǻɶģҪлɱЩħޣһɱǱԽеħӡͷ­һλħޱɱˣǾʮ֣˵ҲһλᰡѰҵĻӿԻȡӴĻֵġ
Ҷĵ˵ͷ
еӴȻ˵ģҶȴӵеķǸӵľ޴ħޱû˿ʶֻ֪ϵɱ¾Ѫս
ǰȻҲǿģͶԷԿĻЩ˲ռơ
Ҫ̵ЩˮʯʱĻҾͿ׬ȡҪĻ֣ˮʯǿڴ˺ܾõıˣõҵΪ»뵽첻𾳵ĳ̶ȵģʱ洫ӵĵλҪһˡ
ߡõĲҪ棡
һȻ˱󴫵ݳ
һ·һ̻磬һ㣬ݺݵߵĿʼײһǡ
Ӻ𡭡
Ҷüͷ΢΢漴תǰһˡ
һˣǱˣǼԦŽӺˡ
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Щ񲻿ɴݣԱΪǿĽ
һ˿쳣ǾԻܵԷϮġ
һ˵ĳ֣Ҷ첢û¶ٵ쳣֮ǰоΧĿռ춯ֻû뵽ǻӺһˡ
Լǳֵ壬ҶüͷǲţһȺ˵Χ֮ս
ңڵʵﵽ˴Ǿľ磬Ƹٰʮĵز¶Է
սұս
Ҷ죬Ӻ˫ĿһɫĹ⻪ʼ˸ƺǴҶϿʲôһ㡣
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һ˫ĿĴҶϿʼƿȴ¶ɫһĳ֣ȻΪ˴̽һҶ״ڿҶ첢ûлָ
˫ĿΪˡڵ۴ͨԵʣ˵˫ĿͨΪ˺ڵۣ֮Կ谭ҶµķӡԵĿԸоġ
ڵ֮ȴû˿ķ֣Ǿ˵ʱҶ첢û˻ָ
⵹ȴеһ¡
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Ц˵
ĺ֮ŭڲϵ죡
ٲȻһҪֵ̬
ǺǡŵӰȻŵӣҵĶ֣ڱһֻϣľͿԽѹ飡
Ӻϴ֮ɫ˵
ߣһ֮лôûǸŵӵˣʸǰабµģΪ洫˵ôʱ䣬ΣĻһͷײʱ䣬϶ǱҪǿ
һӺڼ˫ȴҲ̲סɫ仯
һɿֲɱɢܡ
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ٽһϷ򲻽ٴһе
һĴ˳
Ӻ˵ɫ䣬ϵƸǿʼ
ԭƽ̣밲ˡ
Ӻϴ֮ɫ˵
Ӱ֣ܵˮ֮ϵĿʼ䳹ǿֲĲҶ˶оһĪвԼƲ۵ʦȻǿĺܡ
岻ӭˣûµĻֻë
Ӻɫٴεһ䣬ĵλǷλƽ̣ȴҲ˵Ķ˵Ȼзŭȴ֪Լ鷳ĻùľԼǿеİסԼеŭһ˫Ŀޱߵ񻺻˵
һΣǰΪ˸һƽ̣ħ֮ˣС
˵ʱһҶЦ
ǧĲҪ氡
ҶĶߣȴ˶ԷǱ
Ҷ졭㣬ˣ
Ҷ˫Ŀ΢΢𣬵˵
ҡ


1345 ħ֮
ߡ
˦µĽӵĽһ漴չ߷
ôõ¾Ʋ˰
֪⣬̲ס˵ôһ仰
䡭
Ǿ޴壬̲סһģƺǱŵһ㣬һ춯صİ֮ȫĲ˼ԼϵӺǿе˺գǱӴ
ԼеëǹϼһеļɵӺӵǿҡ
ңңĿӺŭ֮ƺǴһǿҵķŭͲʣ
Ҷ໥һۣǴӶԷ֮пһɡˬĲ
ǡħ֮飬Ҫĸһ
оԼϢ𽥵ʧӺһ˲ֹͣǰ
ϼһȻ˵ҡ
Ӻɫޱһ˫ĿǴſֲڰĲݻϣżļֻķҲһɿֲ׵˺ѳΪ˷顭
˷İɣһΣˣǲμһεս֮սĻҶƾڵԽǽ
ʢ˫ĿҲ¶Թ֮ɫ˵
һΣԿ϶ˣҶ첢ûлָԼʵҵĵǶģԵһﻹʦķӡ֮У˵Ƴ˷ӡĻɱЩ鷳ȴ൱ļ򵥻ֻһЩӡ
Ӻ˫Ŀâ
峿ϢԴ䣬·ˮĸо
ָо̲סΪ֮һ
Ͽգſž޴ɢԼĹԡ
ſ֮սƺž˲õһ㣬ԼĿԸоһǿҵϢ˸Ĺ⻪˴أһ޷ڸǵ
֮ƽԭ
УΪֵһˡ
Щûлعǿ֮⣬ǲٵĳչصѧԱǣҲ
˼յĵȴ֮һ޷йƷ·ǻɽ緢һıˣ
ħ֮չ
ĵӣϵ໥ţǿϢأҵ¶˼ɫı飬·սҪʼˣԼҪһεս֮дʣΪٮٮһ㡣
µڵĵһԼʱˣȻ˲ٵǵķ˷ܡ
ˣһЩǵˣѡ˳
ЩˣһЩѧԱǵϴŵЦ͹˵ƺǿЩ˸߲ҵѧԱѾħ˺һΡ
˻۲ѵʱ̣һҲĴһ˳
һˣҶ
һͬеĻˣˣŮϴ͵
ˣҶλʦʦãҲһβμħ֮սԱ֮һ
Ȼ˵ʵѾǿˣΪˮ֮Ůǣȴǳòѩһʱ䣬ҲΪעӵĽ㡣
ŮӣһΪˮ֮ᣬһΪˮ֮ѩһԹ¶ʵϣȴ൱Ĳ˵Ϊ͵ĻʦֵͷԲġ
ҶȻĿԸоеĹؼ
ˮ֮ῴͣʵǽ̲֮ž춯صһޱȣȻˮ֮ѾԼˮ֮׵ʻγ˱ԵĲ
ʵͨľ硣
󵽣һŮӣӵ˵ľ硣
ˮ֮ѩţȻһ¶ĪˣõϹŴǿߵĴУѧʵȻҲڴľ֮С
վһ𣬲ĲҶ춼Щ㵣ڿߵ̲סΪһо
ʱȻ֪Լνʦ֣ʵϣȴʵĴڡ
λӣҲٮٮߣֻǱˮ֮ˮ֮ѩҪ಻١
գǾſգٴεĽĿ⳯ǰ֮ƽԭȥﻺ˵
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ˮ֮ˮ֮ѩû˵ȴ໥ĶһۣȻҶΪĺ档
Ҷ飬Եĵ͵ȴҲ˽ģǵӡ֮УһʮĿˣֻȴԼʦһӡļһΪʲôȴԳΪԼʦ֡
Ŀ·һֲսһ㣬޴ĺ֮ŭꪣǿƣ˿磬ݺݵسء
ǿ̬Ҷ̬ҪǿĶࡣ
Ǿһ̣˫۾ĳҶ쿴˹ȥ
ɺ˫ѩ׳ɫĳۡһֵĴ磬Ҷݻ˳
ҶĴţǺε֮࣬һʱ䣬۾Ŀȥǿֲѹʱˮ֮˵ɫΪ֮һ䡣
ߡ
ĺҶͻأһ٣壬·̼俪ʼþ޴ޱȡ
ֲƴŰ׻ĲݺݵسΧ
һ򵱹Ī
Ҷվ˵ǰϴޱߵƣɢƸǿе赲
ˮ֮ᡢˮ֮ѩŮ֮У¶˾ȵɫƺû뵽Ҷ쾹Ȼ˵ǿᡣ
һ̣ҶƺǳΪ˽㣬ǱĹԣκεһ˶С
ǿӣֲǰ棬ǵʵǷȻʸռݺõλá
֮ƽԭһ޴ĴֱӵĴ͵ħ֮֮У˵һ͵Ļ˵ãһͬŵĵҲ˷ɢġ
ǿǿߣߣһҲ޷ıһַ
Щƽﺱֵǿǣʱۼһ𣬷·ǿ֮ϵǳһ㣬˸ҫ۹⻪κεһ˶޷ڸס
趯ȻδɱһѪڵĸоʼ˵пʼɢ˳
ս
սҪǵǰˡ
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λһλϣȱĿӺȻķҶһˡ
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Ӻԭ΢΢ıĿʢ֮ɫʱޱȣ·ˮһıͿ¡
ҶԵĸоһɿµɱڳԼɢ·Ƕһ㣬ڳԼµıϢ
̧ԼԴҶ˿˲ĳӺ˹ȥ
Ŀ֮໥Ľ¶ľɱ⣬ϵɢռ·һ̿ʼ
֪Ķ
ӺֿǽɫݣȴƺǱɭ쳣
쵰ôǿˬء
̲סĵ
һ˫ĿҲʼԽľˣжֵ̬һν첻£زµĳ̶ȣʱ뵽˴ͨľ磬ӵ޼ɵ
Ҫ֣ڶֵĻõĻᣬ֮ͬս˷ֵĻҲ𲻱Ҫ鷳ס˰ɣһΣļʺܴģʱ򡭡ҵģ
Ҷɭɭ˵
ֲϢļ˲Ĵһ¡
ħ֮
ҲʱһɿֲϢϯأĹâȻ֮ƽԭ濪ʼų


1346 ϵս
ҶֻǸоԼƺǱһɾ޴Χ
⻪貣ϵţҶҪѵ˲䣬һ̣Դȴһѣֻ˵ľһ̣ȴѾҲˡ
һƬڰ磬գƺǴһѪɫͬȼյѪһ㡣
֮ϣһֲ˸ɺɫĹâǹǣµԱߣһִŻɹ̫ţɱħɷϢͷš
һƬɱ֮ء
𡭡
һŭݳ˲֮У⿪ʼ֣漴ʮɫĲӰЩӰÿһ磬֮䣬·ҪһƬĿռ丯һ㡣
𡭡
ǰӰʮӰ׷Ѱһ֮У㱻ǿеĲ׽ˡ

Ĳҽɴ˳֡
ӰһģԵ֧ӡ
𡭡
֮ɴ˴ʮӰҲĿʼΧסһӰ
»֮󣬶ʱһƬ֮пʼ
һĺӰҲĿʼ
мĵطһλɫҰףϴ˺֮ˣΧģһֻֻɫǵڹȴҪ׳Ķ࣬ߴ̬׵ĳ̶ȡ
һֻֻɺɫ۾¶ѪĹâ¶֫ʼϵİ֮дźɫ⻪ĵ棬¶˵ĺۼ
޴֫棬ÿһֻżָף·ǷĶһ㣬¶˺
ӵͿȥ꣬ϵϢ٣ȴ޷ڸǶԷһֻдͨſԳֵĲ
Եһλǿߣ
ǾһλǿߣȴһȺȮȮŪǱҴڵ̬ʱλǿϵĻ֮̿ɫѾøˡ
ħ֮Ⱥħ֮Ѿ׵ĶˣҲҪǵУȥɡ
ӵɫȻıϵѪƺǱЩڣĺɫıŨ쳣˵˫ĿȻҲʼЩɺ졣
𡭡
һƺǸоĳΣգ̲סһ֮󣬿ٵĳȥ
͡
ӵֱ۱ǿеҧסˣһйٶȷɿ죬ľˣҪҪķѺܴʱԵѾЩ־ˣ˵ٶܵѹơ

Ǿֱ۱ҧסһ̣ӵϾȻ¶Ѫĳ嶯һֱֻۺݺݵץסһֻĲӡ
ꡭ
ͺݺݵҧС
ڵҺ岻ϵı˱ǵ˵ȴȫ֮ɫ

˶ԷѪҺһ̣ӵϳ׵
𡭡
񱩵ŭ֮УʱȻҲħˡ
𡭡
ʣµĹŭǲ֪ʲô£Լͬ鱻ҧˣȴҲûзǵж
ʮӰӺݺݵ
䡭
ӿޱߵʼĻӰˣõһֿµйһ㡣

һȭһֻ壬ԷȻ̰Ľе˱ϵķѾ׵ʧȥԭ̬һ˫Ŀ׵ı仯Ϊɺ֮ɫ
Ѫɱ
˵
˫Ŀ֮Ѿ𽥵ʧȥеԣľó׵ʧȥԣ
ɱ
һ³˵徹Ȼһ
ĳ׽ΪһԷȻħˡ
͡
ݺ۳ңʱΪˣ׷ɱȺǣǱǿеĻɱˡ
¡¡
ռ֮ٴεı˺ѣ漴һӰĳС

Ǳ֮е̤˵ϣﻺ³һڳ
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Ҷ쾪㵵ĿһУĶǰɫĵ棬֪ҪٵѪŻγ˵ɫ󣬵Եģдֿ޷ġ
֮һҰĳֵĳζֻи֮Żֵζ
ڱ֮УҶֻǸоԼǰһ漴ı㱻ǿеקˣ֪˶ٵʱ֮Ҷűһɾ޴˳
ﵹǺǹ찡
Ҷﵭ˵
漴һǺܿȴ¶˲˼ɫ
ԪȻ˵ĳ棬ǱҪֲΪдһɿµҪĻһʥذ
Ҷľ͸֮׵֮ţߣǰ߿ԴеԪЩԪɿԼȡȴԽдЧ

ڴʱ˵ĹâȻסҶ塣
ǡ
Ҷĳһ漴ĿǼֻһ˷˵
û뵽ڴ֮кǿеķֿˣһȴħﰡ
Ҷܿı㿴˷˵ħ֮¶һĨı֮ɫӶԷ̬ϣҶ첻ѿԷӦҲһνɱħѧԱ֮һ
Ȼ޷ȷǷԼˣǴǳ۵ո³̶ȣԼ˫Ŀ֮ϵҶҲ㹻жϳһݲħޡ
ɱûʶǾͷ·û˵ĻſıҲǲԸİɣҡ˰ɣ
Ҷﵭ˵
𡭡

ħħޣĳҶ˹
ҫ֣֮
Ҷ˫ֻĽɫâʱչֳ
֮ҫҶþõûʩչľѧħޣħ֮ҲںڰԶ˵Ī˺
Ҷʱǿ쳣ʩչԲǧ׶ƿ֮У漴ʮֻɫƺݺݵӡ
䡭

޴֮УĺɫѪ⿪ʼɽܡ
Ѫ֮дſµĸʴЧٴεĸʴһӡ
ɱɱˡҡ
ƺܵ˹֮ĳһλħ޵ʶָҶ찧˵
ħ꣬ҲҪˣ鳾һ·ߺðɡ
Ҷ컺˵һ˶Է壬촷ۡ
һԴɫħѸٵķɳҶָ΢֮УԷΪԭ̬
ŶԷǸмĲҶ΢΢ĸ̾һ
һ˵ˣһ˱ⲻòҶһֵİˡ
֮·鶼Ȼ˵ΪΣȴҲһֱȽϿ׵ķʽˣûܵٵʹ࡭
Ŀ˵
ǵӵҶΪһ㶡
Ǻܿȴ֣ѾоȻһΪĵá鼮ĬĬؿš
á
һŭ֮УҶڵ̤㵽Ϊħ֮ս֮УӭĽ޾ս͸


1347 
һ磬ƺǱղŸӵĿ
Ϊһĵı˪
ֲĺ⣬һСޣС۷ǿҲᶳûһɺ⻹ֻֽҪڳױסĸо̲סһַĸо
ҶⲽǷƵ̬ԵĲսϣڵ۶ĺ԰һ㣬εȵʡ
ʱƺǲԵȣݸղŵĻһλʱԵıҪһʱӵĻ˵ãĸ磬ǻѵ˵һε֮ƽԭͳ𣿡
Ҷ΢΢˼һ֮漴ҡҡͷȴ·һ㣬ҶĿʼ
ΧĺƺǿʼԽľҶľѧǻ֮ǡ֮ҫʥϢľ֮ȫһɾ˵ĺ⡣
ϢһС͵ĺڰħǿߵ״ﵽ˺εȵΪȻԴﵽ˵ĳ̶ȡ
Ҷ̲ס˵
ܹһԪһ㣬Ҷ쵹˵ÿһԪԼصķ򣬶ռʱ򣬿ɲʲô˶ӵеģħǿ߾ȻʩչͨıĿռ䣬Ѿһ˿Դﵽĳ̶ˡ
ҸӿֲǣȻĻ˿Խħǿ߸ɱԵĲһ˿Դﵽİ
ҶʱоʵĲһ㡣
˴Լһӵʱ䣬Ҷ췢֣ԼٵĵطȻһ԰ȫĵطһֻħﶼûп
ڰϢ˵ӺĻ»Լٶȴﵽһ˵ĳ̶ϣǶԷսԻȡϵĿռԿ֮Уӳ½ĳ̶ȡ
Ҷжš
ʱһ⾹ȻҶǰ
Ҷ˫Ŀ΢΢
漴һеȻĴֳֵԼΪʵס
Ҷ졭
Ҷ֮ⲻ˶ѵĶסС
һˣҶüͷ΢΢
ȻˣʶǴӶԷһڱгԼֵ̬ĻӦǺԼһ㣬ѧԱ
ȻҶ죬û뵽㵽ڶûȥ
һλ۵ӻĿ˵
˵ıƫߣѰ֮ҪһĲͬԵĴ˵ݲıޡ
ˣպõĿԽ뵽еģʱǺĻƺҲմһЩġ
ƺһ˵죬Ϊʵϴﵽ˴첻𾳶ľ磬ߵһˣ˵ϢԵһЩתҲԵһλ绹ûȹ̣㼱ҴҵĽ뵽ħ֮ļһ
ǡ
ҶﻺĿ˵
ǷӰȻҵҲϤԺһʶֵģΪֵˣԺ󽫻ΪһףΪ֮еĴǿߣ֪ˡ
Ϊ׵ﵭ˵
Ҷĵ˵ͷһˣڶûг֣ҲȥʩչԼѧ
ʲô𣿡
ҶĿΧһȦ֮ûз˿ǿߣ漴ʵ
ܼ򵥣ˣޣ룬ҲӦ֪ģһεս򵥣Ҫıǻ֣ɱһֻħǽõʮ֣ǿԺѧʥصѧԱǣҲûпҼǿˣǺǲһˣҲѡǺģ˵ҵ㣬ֻҪǺĻһ׬ģⰲȫ棬ǿԱ֤ġ
ӰǳϿҵ˵
ͬһλ˵ʥһ㡣
ȥƺǲǡ
Ҷ¶һĨΪѵӡ
ߣҶ죬ʵǴǾΪʵȽϵĻĿɲһ㰡һĻôĶ֪
һλ޵¶˲м֮ɫ˵
ˣôܹ˵˵֮ˣ໥ֲǣ֮˵ҷӰ벻֮С
Ӱ·ܵĪһ㣬ѵ
ҶȴĿһˣʮһȺһһֶΣҪ˵Ҷˣǰ׳նԿĳ⣬ǻݵʤ
ðɡҴӦǣǲҪҵĻ֡
Ҷڸǵı¶̰ӡ
Ҷϵı鲨Ӱ΢΢ͷų˿˿⡭
ҲûпҶ˫Ŀ֮УҲֵĲмϢ
һɱĶһȺʿһȺʿǿ󣬶Ѳĺܣһļ룬ǵʵģ죬һεĳɰܾҪˡ
Ӱ̲ס˵
õģһŬġ
ԷıȻκΣҶȴǲ㣬ǶǷӰеĲмŨĺܣһȺһﻹǽɵӿʼԴˡ
ʿҵǵģ
Ҷ첻ǺżһȺ˵ǲҲһ飬ˣҶװȤ˵
һȺʿѾõϢԷһȺǿƣǰ˵ģڱħ׵֮ǵ䱻ħˣԴʧȥµҲ仯ħٶϸӵĿֲҲǸӵǿ󣬲ֻҪСĵ㣬Ǽʮֻʿǵ֮
Ӱ˵


1348 ˭˭թ
ӰĽȥ൱ĲпϣκεһλѡĻһγһ壬ȷʵһ¡
˵ʵ΢ӵռ˱ˣҶ˭
Ȼ㲻ǸĴϻۣȴҲǻ۳ȺεĲ֪ϸĲνĹƽҲӵĲֺ˴顣
ֻԼʵֻоԵʵεرԼƿ˵ĻҶ顣
ǰķӰ˵ǽһ컨׹ڣǼ鼴һȺˣĵĺԼġ
˸֮еԼԴĻߣǴһʲôء
ΪԭҶŻῴ⣬ҶȴǡǡûнҴԷ෴ǣ¶һĨĺ;ϲɫ
ҵʵǿΪʲôҪҺϾҿǻ¸λȵġ
Ҷı൱ļƺǶڶԷܿԼʾ൱ġ
ǺǡȻǶ˿ңôܹһءһΣȻѡӦˣңǵøмλʦֵĳ֣ԼһĻ˵ģҿ²֪ܹٵʱء
Ҷһĸм˫Ŀ֮иǴżӣƺĳϷ˶Է֮С
ѡ϶ûдģҪƻһˡ
ӰЦŵ˵ͷ
ǺȻģȴҲ¶һ˿޵Ĳмᡣ
ߣ˵ҶޱȣҿĻǲֵһᣬʺĴŰĻɫȻҲݳɿˣǻλʦֶԿҿһʮСһһСˡ
뵽Щ֮ķӰҶεĻʲôĿܡ
ô£
Ҷʵ
һżȻĻ·ֵģһȺżʮɵĶ飬һֱһţǵǰ϶Ǵ֮ˣϵɷˣΪǵʵǿƥһΣǻǻᱻ׵Ļɱģ
Ҷƺ̲סĿʼĿ
ҲҪĵģһҲһ⣬Էֵٶ̫ĹˣǻȥңֻҪһμƻһЩ⼸ʮλֵҲӦ֪ģԽǸߵȼħޣǲĻҲԽ࣬ʱǽ׬һʡ
ӰٴεýԼеĻ˵˳
ȻԤϣҶѾ̰֮ɫ׵ĸռˡ
һƬԴɫĵ򣬵һ֣޷ĹϢҲڻϸһš
Ҷ֮ۿĲЩɫ֮ŵֲֿ˺֮
ҪСĵ㣬ǲȥӴЩɫġ
Ӱġѵ
лʦֵ㡭
ҶıȻ뵱𾴣漴ĿʼԸµǰȥΪһֻ鿪ʼ̽
ʦ֣Сֻһ̽ģһǲһ·֮̽󣬱㽫նɱΡ
һλ¶˿˿ɱ⣬ؿʵ
ڻʱСӻʣļֵǷɣŵĻվһ׸󵽣СӵĴžȻ˵ǿ󣬵ʵȴֻһͷѣߣֻҪ׬˻֣ҾͿԻȡҪıʱҵĵλҲ֮ˮǴߡ
Ӱ̲ס¶˿˿̰֮ɫ˵
ĻȷʵĵطҪаö࣬ҪСһ㣬СĲʹ괬
˵
֪ˣϢǹŹ֣ԼĿԸоӦòֻνļʮλħô򵥡
Ҷ찵Ե˵
ͻأľʱ򣬵ƺǳһ˿
䡭
ֲϢһ̳׵ϯ˳
á
Ӱɫ䣬ĺȵ
̤̤̤
ŹֵĲԭǺԶֻںʱһ󲨶ȴʮ

ݡ
ƥ˻ʮӰȻٵĴˡ
ģȻôѸ١ǳȥ
Ӱĺȵ漴ĳҶ쿴˹ȥ
ʦܣҪСİһҪˡ
Ӱٴεĺѡ
˵䣬ȻΣյĳҶȥ
ʦСġ
Ҷٴνݼӵ쾡µĳ̶ϡ

ӰƾȻٵĴ߶ݺݵĳҶϣ͵Ϯ˹ȥ
䡭
޴һƥѸٰΧסҶ壬û˿ɬӰ·ѵˮһ㣬ݼš
Ȼҵն𣿡
ҶװǱɵӣٵĳŶ˹ȥ
Ҷ죬ҪңһΣǻûаգҿĳû˿ĿǰնɱˣֻնɱͬһĿ꣬ãΪȡʱ䣬лСӡ

ҶҲ漴¶˱ɱ⣺
Ӱ˵Ĳǡʵϣǲն
Ҷ֪ûжԼ˵ʵֻû뵽Ȼϰԡ
ռ򡭡
䡭
˲֮УһȺѧԱҶεƿ
ڷӰֵ֮УҶٵĽǵǰȥ
ңңһкӰѾ˵ǰһգӰ﷢ͲʵĲҽ


1349 ֵ
ߴҽﲻҶǰȴҲѾ˼ʱӰЩӰɢڰϢսսӳ˹ϵʷϢ¶ĵⲻϵشܶĵطѾֳɭȻĺɫ
Ϊµȴսϵˡ
ЩˣÿһλûԴԭԴĵطһƬɵΧԼĿԿһԶɺаɱ¾Ϣ۾ڻɢ


ȻҶѾڿʼԷģʮΣεаͿµĳ̶ȣҶ춼뵽ˣǿϧģǰЩĳԼǰ֮ȴ̲סһľ㵡
µȫǺɫĹ洩ף׵Żƽɫ·ȥݣԵĴȺϣҶо˿еֻ޾ɱ¾֮
Ծ
Ҷ΢΢һղоϢԵĺǰϢǲһģֲֿ;ˣǰЩҪµĶࡣ
졭ʦܣҰҸղǺ㿪ЦңֻҪǾңһкѵ˵ϣұնɱħ޶ԸҲĳֵġ
ӰۼԼߵʦǱ׵նɱϵѪѾʼ仯Ϊɫ˲䣬ĵ׵ķ߳׵ıˣ̲סʼĽ
ߡ˵ҵϽٴεʮĻˣ
ҶЦ˵
˵䣬ÿһյὫߵ͵ǰ
µĳì˺һգ漴ıһλ޵壬ͷӰ˵һЩʵĲ̫ãǺϹûʲôҶǸȥһȥ˺һˡ
ᣬҶİ֣˳ƶǿеĴһ壬һɫħʱķ˳
Ҷ΢㽫ħռ
Ҷ졭㾹ȻǵնöİҷģֻҪлᣬһԵƷһ˵ܵζҪҰɣҪڱħ֮󣬳㣬ԱеķŭҰ
Ӱĺ
ҶĲȥ
ЩȻǿ󣬵Ⱥ㣬ҶٶֿĲˣںģЩʣµĲˡ
Ҷħͻ˰ǳȥĻͿԶһˣʱڣǸ߼ĵҲҪһʱģڣ̶̵ĺ֮õˣһʱ䣬ҶиӵļͿĲѣԼԺ׬ȡҲ˵ɣ»ΪΪеĵˡ
ȻҶҲֻYYһ°ˣ˵Ļ˵ãͱ˸ѹˡ

ӰٴεĳҶ췢һĽΪ൱ǰҶѾԼĿ׼ԼҺԵһ㻹УǴʱҶߣҲûпԵնˡ
ӶҶ¶˵Ц⡣
ʱķӰˣΪʲôҶƾԼĵͼ͸߼ǿ߶սΪһ̬ʮı̬
Ӱ㻹ʲô𣿡
Ҷ쵭˵
ҡлᣬһҪܣ
Ӱ񶾵
͡
ҶİȻ˿ûԤ׵ĽӰ׵նɱˡ
ħĻᶼûУӰ޷ţȻ֪ҶΪʲôôΪʲôҪô
ž
΢΢һҶ콫ԷץԼС
㡭
ӰžֵɫҶ졣
ǲġ
Ҷ˫Ŀ¶˵ı䣬΢׵˺ꡣ
𡭡
·Զսʿڷսһ㣬ǿϢΪ֮һȺʣµǿʼˡ
ߡһȺûʶĿ֮ǾȻŷŭҲˣȴΪղˡǡ
ˡ
˽̰С
Ҳʼ˷𣿡
Ҷָ˵
һ֮УѾ˲Ӱ֮ߡ
͡
֮ϵӿֲ˺ǿħҲ漴ҶĽ¡
Ļˡ
վһħ֮Ҷ૵ĵ
ǾʱһɿֲϢȻͻأı
ϢԣûдȷʵһϢڸղţҸоһϢĴڡ
һֳѹϢĲ
Ȼ˵ԷϢЩңҶȴҲزаŵľ޴󲨶֮еһεǿ﷢ɢġ

һλſΪħޡ
޾ϢµѹϵĹÿһȻҲ֮ɫȴһá
ɫĹ·ĪĺۼŹϵͼƣǷͻµ̰ǣһ֣޲һ
첻ǿߣһﾹȻһǿߣֱǲܵ鰡ղŵһȺȻŹ˵ֶΣȴҲΪǲһ𣬲֪ʹǺԲŻ˵ĿֲʵȴҲֻǴﵽ˴ͨΪˣһ첻ǿߣЩ鷳
Ҷ૵
ǰһһɫףһƬƵ磬ֻʣ˲һ룬ڶԷȴԵݡ
һֻȱһ࣬ǳ˵ڹһɢţ̬Էƺڶʱ֮ڳֵġ
һˣ
Ҷ΢΢һʱжϳһ㡣
ȴĺܣԷ˵ĻԼԸ൱ˡ
߲
Ӱħ֮Ȼı漴ıһо޴ӡ
ѵأ
ӡȭأսģν˿Ĳκεһȭ
𡭡
һֻڳԺ󣬱Ѿо˲ԾȻ˵ûжٵʶˣͬʬ⣬ǿȴԵſµֶΣħ֮ȴҲᱣһ˿ʶģΪһ˿ʶǿᣬŻʹŶԷǿ󣬶Ҹӵǿ
ݵצӣסһǿĺɫììݺ裬ݺݵγ˴һ㣬ۣγһ״
䡭
ΪģѸٳһȦȦ໥ڲƵĳ硣
˺ѣ׵Ĵһе谭
ѹ
ҶЦ˵
Լʵһ˽ˣҪ˵һٴεĳԼǰҲаȥͶԷǰһһӦһֻϧûʶϵ޷ȷƿ
䡭
ٱıŷ̼˵磬εſµؼΪʥ̬֮ݻ
ꡭ
һ޴ıƲһӰâѾҶץˡ
ҶȴûͣЪΪԼĸоһ˵¼֮п϶Լ֪ǿûԷǲܵشԼҲ׵ĽԷġ
Ӱ˸һҶѾʮ֮⡣
Ҳ뿪ãһĲӰȻٵ˸˳


1350 նɱУ
͡
ռ䱻˺ѣ·Ǵֽף漴һҲ
һ˵ϱаҲˡ
һֺױԸоϢȴʵŨ˼ޡ
һ־սɱ¾ıƿ֮ŻֵϢҲ˵һȺ޲սļһ
һֳһƽ񽣣΢΢Ψһһʬ塣
ϴž֮ɫƺǿ˲˼һ㣬һﲻǱȥķӰ
ֻش
ƿػƽ񽣣һ𣬷·նʲôһ㣬֮Ͽû˿ı仯ʵȴѾڰԸı䡣
䡭
ͬϵĽһ㣬Ŀռ̼ıŷӰӡ
նı˲ٵĶ
͡
ٴεһı䣬ֻӰѸٵص漴ݻһЩﵱоȻҶ챾˵ӡ
ֻһѹסһ֮Ȼеı飬ȴҲĿԿǵ΢΢Ĳ֡
ȻǶҶʵĪļɵ
ȻһС
ֳֻƽ񽣵ﻺ˵
֮Уƺûжٵľȣֻ΢΢ĳԾˡ
ʦ֣ġֻشϵľѧնһʱգµݻʷĺۼСȻĶ֡
˿˵
ӦȡˣǲҪġ
ٴεһ֮ʵݳ
ߡĸ˵´ˣ
ٴεĳ֣Ϊ۵ӣ죬·ǽĦһ㡣
һһѾܵصشǵعǿħ޻һʶ޷ǣһ˿ʶǿ󡭡Ҫǿȴ޷ֻһַͬ࣡
Զħ̵˽⣬ڶ̶̵ʱ֮ڱѾжϳһϵΪʲôˡ
ʦֵ˼˵ǼһΪŶԷ˵£Žһɱ𣿡
̲ס˵˵֮ǵ˫Ŀ֮иһֽ̰Ĺâ
̰һԭκεһ˶޷ȥƿضԷ̰֮ĵġ
̰֮Уһ˵жҲ½һµĳ̶ϡ
ˣ£ԷҲһ㣬˵ĻȻܻ˵һʵʵϺͻļһǲģ˵ޣƴҲöԷȴûֻ˵һ㣬һҲһħޡ
˵
ʱҪͣ˽еĹؼˡ
ǿһĻˣǸСӣʶĻǾ͹ԹԵĽԼõõĶԷѧû
͡
գߵش˴֮ϣһҡΣ漴Ѿʧ
һֻ޴㣬޴Žӽʮ׵ĳ̶ȣֲ壬Ƿ·ʯͷһɫԵĿԿĳһްԡ
ϳ֫ǰ֫ѾĿʼ䣬ֲβͣϵĴŵ棬ϵļ⾹Ȼû˿ĵ͸õĺۼԵĶԷϵǿ󣬱ٵħҪֲ
ֻԴһֻû˿ѪԴеֻһͺͺĺɫͷ
Ǽֲ٣Լķ棬һ𣬸һɷ̬
ۿ׵λãɫĹ棬Ż棬ҶκεһħﶼҪǿһЩûǿϢ
һҲˡ
Ҷ˫ĿͻȻһ
ֻڶԷϣһԼһ˳Ŀһ˿ɫҺ壬ЩҺ壬ǶԷѪ
Ϊһ㣬ҶŻӵĿ϶ˣԷǺսļһ
ѹҪˣ˵ķԵǺ쳣
ҶڰİԵĳ˼
ˡ
һȦȦĹĿʼɣһɺס˿ڡ
ܿ죬ҶǾ㵵֮УԷȻһҧһ漴ģһɫĹȥ
ɼı㷢֣Է˿ھȻʼٶȺܿ졣
ģһﾹȻеĴһħ꣬ѵ˵ԷħԼʵ𣿡
Ҷ΢漴жԸоħȻǿᣬȴԵĲʺϽдصֵаˣ޵Ļһ㣬þ²ܹ
ٵȥˣ֡
ҶϴɫһڵעϵѸٵĳˣ
䡭
˫ֽӡգһƵٻһֲĴɽ̫ͬħɽϢݺݵɨһС
¡¡
Сɽ岢󣬵ȴӭǣѸٵ׳˼£̼ı⻪
𡭡
ħŭĿ𣬺ڹԴһѵصʼγ״̬ʼݻ
䡭
޴Ĺݺݵغɱȥ
ߡƵӣ
˫ѹƣҶǱһһѵٴεĴ̫ħɽ
ҡѹ
ҶӰ磬ݺݵسȥ
䡭
ħûȫйֱӵı㱻ѹȥ
ĻᶼûУ

һ춯صıƲ޴֮£ħѾǿеѹΪķѵ״̬
ֵĽⱧɽӡɣҶ쿴Ѿ״ħ㣬û˿ı顣
ȡʱһħ걻ҶսԼС
Էħ꾹Ȼ˼£ٱҪɵĵز
Ͻ֮󣬲֪ԵõٵĻְ
Ҷ̵˵
ħħ꾹Ȼȡ˺һʱ䣬űȫߡ
ʱҶͻȻ֣ħһöɫӣŵĺɫƣĲҶ춼Ϊ֮ȡ
ѵ˵ħ֮ħģ޵ʵһµģ
΢΢һҶ켴Ҫеİ˲䣬һǿҵΣȴϿ
䡭
ҲûҶֱӵѡ˶
Ҷãһ춯صıҲ漴Ĳˡ
Ҷ΢΢һ䡣
͡
˺ȻٴεĳҶߣһγһϵӡǣӭǣеĺۼÿһһµľ˺Ѻƻ
һıУǾԻ޵ܵص˺

ռ֮չ˲仯˶Էľ
Ҷ˫Ŀ΢΢ǰһֵֹ̬Ӱû˿ı飬ĺˡ
СӣֶκͷӦǿҲȻҵ˵ħʵ˵ľԵѵðСӣϵħ꣬һһĽ֡
һŽĦش˳


1351 ֮
֮дĳĲȥ·һ㣬𶯣㹻һλ޵ĶĤ׵飬⻹ֻǶԷԵʩչˣԷȥʩչĻһ̣˵Ϊ֮ġ
˫ĿһҶעʼһ˵ϣĿһȦˣһȺ˵ϣоһֿµĺ⣬ֺ⣬ͷ·һŻһɴűɱĻ档
ǵҶ쿴ǰһ֮ͫ׳׵·âһϸ΢
ǰ֮ˣŻƽɫļУһƥѪɫ磬漴ıǶԷϣ·һɲŭϢʼɢӿղ˵ļһɾǴˡ
˵˵ĻҶҲ⣬Ǵ˵ȴһǿһ·һԼһ㣬ʱĶʩչԼԴϣնԼľ
һµĺܣ޷֮ƥС
ҶдĽе
ˣԼˣҲҪķѴҲһ൱ĳ̶ȣǶԷ߻ôˣҶ֪ԼһβܹͶԷӲƴģԼռˣ˵ġ

һ
͡
ȻһûбȫһӰѾҶıˡ
һƽѸٵĳʣǿĽͬǾ˰ĹϣɢĲΪ֮ݡ
ƽ񽣣ھ뵽Ҷ쾱ߵľ룬˲䣬һ͵ĸоС
ֻһĲϵĻ˲ƿʼɣ·ˮһɢΧΪ֮ѹ
͡
ҶĿռԶķڶԷԴ㵵֮УҲಡһٵı뿪
֮һ𷢶ٶȻǳġ
ת˲䣬Ҷ֮⡣
Ҷɫȴû˵ĻиоһڲϵԼ
ָоͷ·ǶǿԼһ㣬ݣ
ߡ
΢΢һ֮Ҷϴ˿˿⣬ŶԷ˹ȥ
һУԷҲûмĳ֣վһþ֦ϣƮǵԵڶҶһζȽϵ⣬֮УȴһֵԼһ̬ҶȻĻΪĲˬĺܡ
ҶڳԼԷϻųһ˿ĵ⣺
ȻԶҵһСʵȷʵǲСӣҽ£ΪҵһԱɣ
̬ƺҶһǶôҵһ㣬߰Ҷ;˺ܶ࣬Ǻǰһһ㣬ܹ˽ȴֻôһˡ

ҶΨһ뷨
Ҷ΢΢ĿŶԷ˫ĶĵЦ
ҲܹұһûˣҲһˡ
Ҹ
˵䣬ҶȻȥ
䡭
һȻŤӴǿеĳȥ
СӣЩ°κΣѧԺĵӣĻҲһΪģڣ۴ˣûжԼе֮ԼġֻشûпʩչȻǶԼ൱ĵġ
Сӣˣ۴˵ʵνУġֻش˳УߵĽϣ㹻κεһλǿΪ֮ҡĵġ
֪νİ׳հ
ǵſϷɡ
һˣЦֹ˵ȴû˿Ҷӣ෴ǣҶѾж
䡭
һ񱩵˵ֻۣҶƾȻѾݺݵذ˽۵֮档
Ȼˣ
˵̲סĽ·Ҷʮһ㡣

ҶϣӿȻһĪϢ
·ʨɻһ㣬趯죬̼֮Уȭٴε
ȭȭӡ죡
һȭȻĴҶϱ
˵ӡȭ֮УΪ񱩺ǿһʲôǿ϶׵ıһֵȭȭӡ졣
ȭȭӡ죬Ը͵ľǿӵЧٴεıǷ·ǻɽ緢Чһλǿ˼µ޶ȥѵһȭ⡣
䡭
ֲȭ緢˼£һ̣ڷԲ׵ķΧ֮Уһеһж̲סıѹ£ǣȭҰ鲼صÿһռ䡣
ݻޱߵѹ˳֮Уһ͵ľҲ漴ݻ
۵ʵҶҪǿһЩľҶҪ̫߳ˣȭȭӡǰҶҲٴεļӳֵʮƵ
ʮļӳֲ޷󵽾
䡭

۵ɫڵı仯ǸоһΣУɫ֮У׵Ķŭˡ
۹
۵ƻ裬ƿ֮ݺᣬȻûгʣһɿµĽ⣬ȴʵʣȻҶȭ⡢ȭ׵ںһ
䡭
֮һײ·໥ļһ㣬ⷽԲ׷ΧһоһϢ˲Ϣ
ŵŵš
ΧսʿǣȻϵı仯ȴҲǿеĴɵǧ֮⣬һԶ۾棬е޾ľȡ
ϡ
裬Լߣһ׵Ĵߡ
ǰһҲʼѸٱ
Ҷͽߣ໥Ķɣ
ԭһΪֻһõСˣڿʵȻֻдǾΪȴԺʹͨ۷Ǵ첻𾳳Ϊ޶ԿԽڴĳɳ
һĨ㡯ı飬˵
һ˫Ŀ֮УеȴͣһֳԹɱ¾
ԭۣ㽫Ϊãû뵽㾹Ȼ˵ǿǿѾҲòնɱңһڳңȴΪǿز۵ģ˵㣡
Ҷ쵭һЦ
𣿿ǲСȴ֪ʵǷԼĿһ޶ǿ󡭡
ҶаԵĽ䱸Цֹ
ղڴ˶Է֮˲䣬һӴĽ⣬ȻоһΣ
ⳤ򵥡
Ҷ΢΢һ
ܹҵ֮ǰֻضѵõҡֻ֮֮ն
Ļ֮У۵ƾȻעһֲ
͡
ռ˺ѣҶǰȻӰ
񡢽⡭ͳͳĻһ壬һγΪǿһС
á㿪
ԭʱ򣬾Ȼˡ


1352 ӣ
䣡
һɹɻ˼µĽ·ϵ͵һ㣬Ťת״ݺ̬ۼ
ĽһжʼøľˣǾ˵Ľ·ҪַԲǧһУ֮ĹֲⷽԲ֮еħǿе˺ѳΪƬ
ǿĽ˵ֶΣǿеĳһƬħ֮У»˲֮У㱻ǿе˺ѵˡ
ԭٵĳֹҶ춼ҪȴһĴˡ
Ҷӵ֪ԭÿһεĿڣǽִµģ˵ԷѸٵӿ嶼û˿ɬͬˮе㡢еһ㣬Ѹٵĺܣֻת˲֮УȻɢ

޴Ľ籩޾ĿռƬƵҪ˸оԼͷƤʼ
䡭
ɫˮӵ𣬷·ǰľһĹľ޴󲨶ͳݺݵسŶϮȥ
ۡ
΢΢³һڵɳҶɫ쳣
ԷһȻݻ󣬲ĲƣֲЧƺҪȫݻϵѹ
֮һĽ򵥡
ԭﵭ˵
˵ı񽣣ѾռһˣΪʲôóʩչأ
Ҷ΢΢ĴϢ˵
ʱڵʵҪӴĻǱĽ֣ĽӴ˵û˿ĺôġ㻹Ǹĵĵȴɡ
ԭ֮д޷
С
Ҷεı˶Էһѣ漴ĽԼеעǰĽϡ
ΧһƬǽ壬̬ȻǱƻ˼¡
ֲһĴȥʮ׵ĵز
⻹ֻһҪȥĻ·ԲʮķΧ޵ġ
񽣣Ŀ£Եڲ֪Ĵڣû˵Чġ
ҶаԵ˼
Ȼܹҵ֮ǰ䣬ȻǺֶΰҲҸӵɱľģǲԺ󽫻ҵĴС
۵¶һĨľ֮ɫͬʱһ˫ĿҲĳ˿˿ŭ⡣
ž
Ͻɫ߾Ȼһ˿΢Ĵ졣
һ̣Ҳ漴ĳˡ

ĺۼ˼£Ȼɢ
һ㣬Ҷ֮⣬е˵޲¶˾㵵ɫ
Ȼ˽ʦֵߣ
һʲôˣ
ܵġ۴ǿǴ첻𾳰ľ磬ͷζ˵裬ٵлĶ֣СӲǾĳ̶Ȱˣô࣬ģ
˵Ͽʼ¶˲˼ɫ·Ǽһ
ǿȭ⣬ڸղűѾ˶Էϣ˲Żһֳ߳ƣڵ˲䣬Ҳ漴Ŀʼޱߵ˺ֵ໥Ľһų̬
һﲻУڵѾ˺ܴߣԸһڣҪҴﵽͨΪſԣĻûʤĿܵģƴȫҲֻܺͶԷƽһȺһҲǰģҵʤʲ󡭡
ҶаԵ˼
ӣ׼ˣ
ҶжĿ˵
һˣĿռ֮ҵĹ󣬿˲ʧġ
ﻺĿ˵
ܺãӿԼٶȰɡ
Ҷ΢΢ĳ˼˫ĿǰĽ۰Ե˵
ĳƺµĴ㰡
ҶǼᶨ񣬽۵̲סһǶҶ죬Ѿ޷Ƶɱ⡣
Ҷ죬ɣ
һɳȥΪԷ󣬵ʱԼҪٴεնɱԷǵҪķѺܶܶġ
ۣԭһ˲õļһڵõ˹ʱڴǿߵĴ֮󣬸ӵĴﵽһͻͽĳ̶ȣţҲһ˲õĴڣݸеٮٮߣ˵֪ˣԼһλǾС޷շĻһ˶ô飬˵ûᱻ֮еЦġ

תַ֮תγɵĳ磬
ӯʵڲ̲ϵѹ˺ѵĲԶؼһУ˵вѹưЧ

ٴεŭʧɫһڵչ˳
Ǻλѣڣ
һ̣·ǿɨ˻ϵһκһ㡭

ҶܵصѹԷǿ̶ʵ̫ĿЩ
ȭȭӡ졭߱񽣾
ְӡȭְ֣ʩչΪֲ߱񽣾գչֳˡɱ֮ء߾磡
䡭
ȭ⡢ȭ⡢
ֵһУƺȫĴɶ
ռ֮ʩչ˻ȫı
ǧǧ۷֮ϣ
ˮʩչеȨȡ
ĻҪľȻںһ
ʮļӳЧ
á
Ҷ˷ľٶǽ۵϶̲סĿʼɫ
ҶԸоһʵҪˣΪֲȴǶԷ֮һ񽣣ƺǿԽԷʵʮЧԵģ˲ڵԼȥӦġ
¡¡

޾ĺ
Ҷǰڵĳ˵ɵĺȻһĽɣɱ޾
䡭
ҶȫӳһǿĺͶԷ໥ײС
Ͽռ֮ת˼£еѧҶԺ֮пʼߣ·ָǴص
̫ĲˣȻһδεȴûдﵽͳһ
ԭķϻǺܶ࣬Ҷ춼̲סҪѾһѡ
͡
١
ҶڵĸоԼԵѹʼ̲סʩչԼĿռռ٣
͡
Ӱ˸Ҷ쾹Ȼһֲ˼ĽǶȣ޴Ľ֮ߣٶȷɿ졣
˷ָ
͡
һ˿Ȼ˺Ҷļ⡣
˻
̲סķһӰҲһɬģһɹĽȴѾٵ˹
á
дȣʱҶ·һҶһ㣬ڹ֮УŶԷϮ
ҵ֮ǰĲܹģֻش죡
ԣʤ
ˡ
ͻȻĴһ·ʱҶƲռ֮Ҫļȡţһ˲ʱ̣ȻѾȡ߰˳ɵĵز
áң
ԭ¶˷ŭɫĺӵķڣ÷ԲǧﶼԸо
䡭
һ̣ҶûУǺ׵ıԿڶԷûҶ˲䣬ҶѾʧˡ


1353 ջ
硭
ֹ
ȴէ
һƬƬķ磬·Ϊ˳һ㣬û˿Ĺȴ̲ϵΣǳ˽ڷһΧ֮󣬱ܵ޾ĳͽɱ
һƬ򣬵ħޣǻߵȼߵȣߵͼޱȣһ֣һƬ֮Խװ벽
Χϵɽ漴ıϵĹ𣬸ɫĹӿʾΧһƬѰս
ϵľѧʩչնɱħޣǺѰ໥ĶԿ

һصĴϢ漴Ĵ
֮д˵µ˺ѲģٴӰҲ漴ĳС
䡭
ӰûƷλĺɱ˵ϣݺݵҳһ޴ӡ
ҶǱӡ֮УһĻָԴͷ۵ĸо
Ĺ󣿼ȡҵһϵĿռ֮Ȼ˵ķʽ
ҶӵĿڴڴϢ˵
УɣΪеĻͽת൱ˣһһ㣬Է񽣳׵˺һĺۼҲùЧʼɥʧһЩ
èû˵صĴϢһèβݺݵؽǷӷ˳ȥ
Ҷ˳ƵĽһֻ֪ħ˷ĩ¶˼ɫ
һʵǿ󣬵һ֮ȴǹ죬ҸоĳԷһ֮оһ˲õĽ飬˵ڲž޴ûҲǱĺ
뵽֮Ҷ̲ס˵
ΧħȻѾ𽥵ĿҶˣ漴ĳҶ
ߡ
һҶ˫ĿһƺâϵѪӿһȭӶ
𡭡

䡭
һȭ֮ϵſֲĽ֮˺ѵӵ޷

֮һоı˺
һħ꿪ʼҶļȡˡ
ħʵ̫ˣڣҶ켴ɱ¾ȴҲ½ԷɱοģЩħ֮УҲʵ׵ļһҶȻǽ۵׷ɱ֪һǲǻڰ·ٴεĳء
ھ͵ߡ
ָ˲ԪҶٴε˵漴һѽͺèٴεŰ˲ͼ֮УȻһҶҲ֪ԷʵǷ국ȴԵĲʱֵģһлԼĺá
ΧٴΰΧ˴ħޣеħ޶ҶовˣҶ쵱ϣѸٵת߲ʼʧ
䡭
Ҷ˷һȭһﵽ˴ͨ۷ʵħޣ漴ץȡٵĽԷһԼС
ħ̫ˣҪҵһʵĵطȥһħ֮ٶ࣬ȴҲԵĲÿһ϶ţǿոӵΣգǾͲڴ֮¡
뵽Щ֮ҶѾתˡ֮Ѹٵʮ֮µĵص硭
ħ֮ﵽǹ죬ħ޷ȡħ޷ҵʵѵ޷еõɣ
ҶаԵ˼
ʱʶץסеһħ֮꣬ʶС
ʼʱ򣬺ԭһ޷뵽УҶʶĽ룬ȴ͵˽ȥ
ɹˣ
Ҷ΢΢һʱĴϲ
͸˶Էħ꣬Ƕ˵Եһġ
겻ϵĽ룬ܿΧһпʼҶƿ
һƬڰ磬ɫ֣ĺ⣬Ҷ궼ĲԽǳڲ룬һֵůȴʼҶоˡ
ǡԡ
ҶȻһ̲סĽе
Ժ֮Ҳ漴ĳ˹ħ֮ѶϢ
ħ֮ԭΪһ˲õǿԪ򣬽ųɵĶǹڻ桢˪ֱȽʥʹħǿʩչϵħѧ֮ſʼıġ
ϸ޷ıģҲ˵ǵĺĻǹԻʥ˵ĸ
ҶԺ֮ѾʼĳֳһļƻֻƻҪħޣ̫һЩ
𡭡
һͻȻĳҶĶߣһӰѸٵĳҶ忪ʼ
͡
ٶȷɿ죬Ҷݶ̲ס΢䡣
򡪡
ҶҲûıʩչԼ
һ֮УϵĿռ·һֻһ㣬εؽ
һֻҰ̬ħǿĺܣǱҶǿеĿסˣڲϵǵҶ춼оԼ濪ʼ񱩵Ĳ
ߡ
Ҷ֮ٴεĽ뵽ħ֮Уϵľѧġʩչһ֮Уһɾ˼µ֮ȻҶ켳ȡˡ
ȻҲ²һģԷĺģħֻǰΧס˶Էڲĺȴ˼¡
Ҷü֮УһӤգԦ̫ʮѪ壬ʼѹѸٵĽԷһ˿
ʧȥѹԷħȴٴεıղŸӵĿ¡
׵֮š
Ҷû˿ԥȻſԼ׵֮ţ
׵֮ţں̫֮š֮ԼԨ֮ţŻĿŻв̫֮ӰԨ֮͵֮κεħԾġԨаĵطĺڰΪġ
ڵҶе׵֮ţ˵ļ򵥵㣬ǾƿˣΪԭʼħҶĶʩչһħʱǿеļȡ

Ҷﻺ˵
ʱһɾ˵׵֮洫ݳ
һͨ׵֮ŵĴ֮󣬿ʼøľеĻ̶ȣӵ޷ƣ
ҵɵķʽˣħ꣬ҿԴԷħ壬Ȼħľҵħĺģǹ֮ʥˮ֮Լ֮ӵĿԴҵꡭħһǱ
Ҷ¶˷ɫ˵
ڱ˿ȥޱаȴԵޱȿɰ
Ҷ뷨֪Ļ˵ãĻὫѾĸ׵Ĵĳ̶ȵġ
𡭡
Ҷ̵Ŀеһһŭȴٴε֮ĴһҲ漴Ĵ˷ҶֻǸоһ֮漴ԼȻ޷ӲıǿеӶ


1354 ħ

ƣ˳ƵĳԼ»Ӷȥ
໡
漴ĳ֣ҶǿҲɿи

΢΢ĳһҶ¶ɫüĵ֮Ȼſâһ㣬͸գ˲ΧһпʼҶ쳹׵Ķˡ
ǡ
ǰһ֮Ҷ̲ס¶һĨ㵵ɫ
ʵǰһԵ̫Ŀºˡ
ħޣĳǸϣɢƥֻһħҲͰˣô࣬Ե޷ˡ
һƬڰĵص磬ʮ򳡵ضҪ޴󣬱һжѶã˾޴Ĺģ֮£ЩħҲǿ֪ġ
Ҷ쾹Ȼ뵽һϵħ֮У
޴ħ޵ħ
ûᣬ̫ˡ
ҶͻȻĽ
˵ڿʼʱҶ컹ھȣڵԵǿޱȣΪڵҵһԼΪĺûˣ棬սЩħޣҲҪĴΪµĻħޣͬޡ
ǽԷɺܴ鷳ġ
ڵʮ֮£Ҷš֮Ϊ֧֣ŵֶΣȫĿӵһģԸṩܴı
ҪӴ׵֮ΪмĴŻħ֮еʥ겹ҵ׳ҵ꣬ħϵͨҵŻдȡ˶Էϵħ֮ʣµһ˲õĴڣе޷֮࡭
Ҷ˫Ŀ⣬ϴŷɫ
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еħһ̿ʼǿҶ֮ɢϢڶƷһ㣬ǰ
ǲ
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䡭
׵֮ȵĿʼҶı
Ż󿪣ͷȮĻϣſ趯һֻֻħָ֮ǽչ
һֻֻħﱻǿеץ
ЩħʵҲڴͨΪҲֻǴ첻𾳵ĳ̶ȣĲҶӣ׵֮Ѿҵ˿ƵķȫӶԷ
һ걻Ҷ켳ȡ
һҶ쾻ˡ
ʼҶ֮ߡ
䡭
Ǿڰľʱγɣһµ֮Ҷһ㣬ʩչʼøӵǿͿ񱩡
ʲôô㵥Ķħϵ֮ҲͰˣ֮εǿᣬȴҲᱻűġ
̲סĽе
ߺߣܵģΪԼĴ㡭
Ҷ쵭˵
һ֣һ޴
һֲ޴壡
߱
Ҷ쾹Ȼʱ򣬽Լõ߱˳
߱һ˲õǿѪϵķӵĿֲǿ֮пĴ˵ͨҲᱻ
һ߱ȻѾˣҶȴҪΪԼĵڶ
ͷȫĲһһΪ˻ǾǵڶԼҶʩչ߱ϵԼʵٴεһµĲΣӵĿԺ߱໥ںϣ֮УԼĿռ֮ʤǰ
ѵ˵ʹԴΪ
ڵ˹
߱ǹϵѪ޴˼£˵ҪԷĻҪνӴ˼£Ҷڵıڶ࣬ȴҲ˷ġ
ôħ⣬ڵĿԽˡ
֮ħ壬׵֮ŵĴγȱҿɣɣ֮ţ
Ҷĺ
һħ岻ϵı׵֮ŸǿеӶ˹ȥ漴ٴλ˵ľϵıҶ߱Ӵ
ħ岻ϵ࣬߱ҲĲ
ҶɿĴԼԺ֮ӡӡʩչӡʼ߱
֮䣬ѸٵĲһ˿΢ϵ⿪ʼһأҶѾȹˣɹĺӴһ˿ϵĽϵֻҪٴεĳ֣ϵĴͿԺ߱ܵϵһ𣬳ɳΪԼĻ֮壡
䡭
ʱһɢžħ徹Ȼ׵֮ŵǰеĳݺݵ
һȻ׵֮ɢһ˵ʵзһﵽ˴첻Ϊǿߣħ֮ӵӴˡ
ŶԷīɫĹûΪڵĹâԵÿֲ෴ǣڵ˼£һӾЧҶǰԷֻһ߲Ʒ
ѹ
ƿŻʱһֻֻƺݺݵذס˶Է壬ħֵ֮ʩչ޾·ǲҪĿʼҶ˹ȥ
ҵǿҵ־ͣǾ۷塪ҿ
оԼڲӴڷתҶҲ¶˿񱩵Ļߣ񱩵ŭ
䡭
һĹʼҶߣ˷ɺ硣

ʼһѪĲ
ҶоԼϲϵߺͱĲһҪȥеĴڣսһĳ嶯
ĸı䣬ҶڲĲս⣬һսǲģҶԼȻ˴Ǿ۷̶ȣȴɵ޷ĸֶԿһΣ洫ӣ¼Щƽ̵ҲֵģǸʱԼʵһ洫Ӷ޷Կ
ڶֻн䳹׵ĴŻҵʵﵽһɿɳĵزסᣬҪסᡭ
ҶĽеļѹﻺĿ˵
ƿƽҶٶȿʼӿʮ
ԴԴϵħﱻҶ쳹׵ƿأħ걻Ҷ켳ȡص֮󣬱㱻ռôħ꣬ҶѾ֪ǶٵĻˡ
䡭
һε߱ڵĲһ޴𶯣һ·Ȼγɵ˶Էϡ
˿˿ʥˮ֮ϵڶԷƣЩ֮еĺģȴĿռ֮
ԷԴԽʱգߣſռ֮ŶԷĿռ֮Ź⻪߱·ǻ˹һ㣬ŭ
ҡ
Ҷ˫Ŀ絶磬磬˳Ƶնգ˶Էǰһˮ齻ڰĸоӭ
ڶ
ĵڶ
Ҫɹˡ
ǺĥҶ촥ֽӴ߱һ̣һ񱩵Ĳȴ漴ٴӿɲղŵĲӵ͡


1355 ֲЧ
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һһ磬ռڣ
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ƻӶԣٲȻһһ㣬ƱŷϣľˣٴεĻصʼŶԷػ
һ˲õĹħҵȻ֮УعħһֶصĴڣ䱦ħػΪؼĻħ֮УųʣһʶȻǲĴ󣬵ȴѾԶˣ˵ǹϵħǾ˵һ𳲻ʣղŵһֲϮһǳʣʵϻǱɷŹ
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е䱦ȴĺˣһһħǿ»䱦ɱ¾ٶħõĻֶҪˡ

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·Ǿʱ䶼ûп˵һ㣬ɳƣҴһּʯĦĲȥ·ǸоԼ˵ĶĤܵһĪĴݲС
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͡
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Ҷ켴ǲÿȴҲ֪ˣԼĶѾ׵ı˺ˡ
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ǴʱҶȴûע⵽ǽԼĿע⵽Լһ֮ϡ
һֲɫĺۼڷĲ
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˵䣬ҶѾоˣԼһ߱ϿʼһĲɲͷ·һ˱ֳһ㣬໥ϵұ𵥶һҪǿ

ںͶԷϵ֮Уһǿҵļпʼ֡
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Ҷ˫Ŀı֮ɫ
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ðԵֶΣ⻹ûн䳹׵ĴɣĴɵĻ߱ҵĵڶұǿڲ̽ˡ
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һֱûȥһ˲õȫΪʱδҲΪһҪʵ̫˵㣬Ҷ㸻Ĵڶûа취ȥ
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ۡ
񱩵ȻĳҶ֮ϣ漴һѪ


1356 ͨ
񱩵
ҶǿĴϢ˵
ڵ㣬ѾͻƵıԵˣҸоĵ棬һ˲õļһڵȻ߱ںһ𣬵ȴûȫḶ́﹮һµĺã˿񱩵˵û㱬Ŷ
Ц˵ѾһЦݣҶôһЩǷ⣬һ൱Ƿ⡣
ϻȻ֪ôҪ
漴һԹĿµ߱û뵽һθôľ޴һھȻôħ׵ɵˡ
̶ȵħ꣬ӴǾͨǻһֵĴ첻𾳵ħޣȻЩħһԼȡҲԷԭȫʢǼˣǻٳɶȴɵ޷ܡ
ڣһᣬǽ۵˵ʵǷһν뵽ħ֮֮УҺ˶ѾʧȥϵҪǿʵ֧ţܹҵǣ˵ãҪһεͻƵͨΪ
ͷͷҶɫ𽥵Ŀʼñ
΢΢һ˳Ƶγһص̬Ҳǿıƿ
̡
תһ漴ĳ䳹ɲǼʱ̣߽뵽˫֮С
Щ貵Ĺ⻪ÿһϵ˵Щǿ̶Ⱥ;زҶȡԪС١

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֮ҫǧʥ־ѧÿһֶݻ֮ġ
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͡
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㲨֮УҶƺǽ뵽ĳһ㣬Ϣر΢ҵϢȫޡ
۹
һȹ·ǲһ㣬֮УһŰ׿׳ĽѾݺݵ˳ȥ
γ˵ԦսĻ֮ƷǷҷ˫ûκεĴڿ⽣ǰֿס

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һжҶ޹أʱֻڲϵļȡϵԼҪıԴ֮
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֪䣬ʱ俪ʼţת˲֮Уʮյʱӽˡ
Ҳһյʱ֮УԭƽĴͻȻĿʼζ
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볹׵ΪƬܵƷ裬Ҷͬһ𴿽Ͼһ㣬Ľ֮ϣ΢΢̤Уޱϲϵƺһ̿ʼó
ͺèȴǸоˣҶϣصͬһֻڳ˯ʱĶѣǸʱ򣬱Ǿ춯صͣ
ͨΪڴﵽˣֻһΣȴĽ뵽˴ͨΪӴֻǽ뵽˴ͨΪѰңԽԽҪˡ
Щ˵


1357 
ͨͨصİݻİ壬Ǭĸ
ͨͨ
˵СͨǾǸǴͨǻԼΪǿǱУͨϵ顣
ü֮һӤԦ̫ʮѪϵ֮ζһƴϵչֳȻ˵һҶ컹֪εȥʩչȴ֪ԼֻҪǺľӪһԽ䳹׵ķӳǸʱԵĿֲ;ˡ
뵽˴ͨΪ֮ҵ֮Ҳʼˣڽ뵽ʮεԽĿʼ棬˵ٴεļȡһķ֮ҵġ֮򡷽ɳһô˵ĳ̶ϡ
ʮεƣǾʹİٱļӳ֣ϻʵϣųһ޷ľ磬ҶѾģŽۣԼаսսʤġ
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ǹ־͹ڣԷȻӳˣ
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˵ģƻӶԷҲĻһ촷ۡ
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ҵġħȫĲѷɫڶԷֻҪǺĴԵĿѹһ


1358 ѧ
ƺǲ򵥰
ҶͻȻĳܿ˹ȥ
ÿһĳʣǼ򵥵ҶΪǿеѹסϵħԣҶҿ϶Լ׵ĽԷģһ뵽ħ״̬Ȼûʶսν൱鷳ġ
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ڵĶԿǴǿ߶ЩͼĴǿߣԼһƱ㹻ĽԷ׵˺ѵˣһõӰǰȴܵ˵ش
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Ҷĵ˵ͷһѾڰԵĺԼҶˮ˵ãҶ»ûʵȥӦҶϵȴĺܡ

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ҶӶԷӿλƿ»ߵļһ˵
ɱ
Ľ
໥Ķһۣ漴ĳ֣»ҲȥˣȽҶ죬»Ҳܲ˵ġ
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ʱ䣬ٵĳ˹еĽе
ôˣ㲻ûĸӵĲôҶģһȺŵļһǲǶֵģԼ뿪ġ
»̲סĿЦ
˵ﲻĻ˵ãǻлģٿԼʦԼֻһ˵ĻһжûлˣҶʵȻ˵»߲˽⣬ȴҲܱĻҪֲģ»߿ԸоҶڵԼǿ˶١
С鷳ˡ
ҶǵȻӣ»ȴԵĸ̾һٴεĽҶǣϣҲͽһˡ
СӣһԣԺҪΪһʵʲô鶼ȥ̣ܽȻ֪㵽ʲôŵĵӣǹܽǵ飬ֻܹã±ӣҪôΪǣ
һλЦ˵
䡭
˵ĶԷƶʱĻһ磬һɾ˵ʩչѧһ̰צʱĻ˹
צ棬âɼ˺ѳһµĺۼ
һצҲԿ쳣
Ҷȴû⣬Ǿվ
ߣΪһ˲õļһأû뵽һǹͷпã
мĻ˵﷢
䡭
һֻ̧ˣȻܵĳŶԷצȥ
ѷ
ﵭĺȵ
͡
·˺ֽһ˾㵵֮дݳǰһ˳۵ڳ˳׵ľˣֻҶǰλӣȻת˲ı˺ԼצҲֹˣǿеĶԼֲ磬Ѹ˫ٶȣһֶǳ˿Եġ

žžž
˾㵵֮УԷ徹ȻȻһû漴ɢһ̣ȴ·Ȫ˵ѪѪɣڻĻѩһ㣬ĵ˵ϡ
ķѣ
ŵˣ»ߵ˵Ҳһ޷ŵɫ
һƺ̫ͻȻˣӦʱ䶼ûУӵûϿɵĻᡣ
ֻһ棿һˣ
͡
Ҷ˿û뷨˦ʱµٴεӿ
͡
ŷӿٶȿ˷ָʣµ˸ȥϵıֻһ̶ѣһ֮УǵӶʼùԲޱȡ
·Ǿ˷˵Ĵһ㡣
ۡ
ߵҲ̲סѪ
ֹ漴һɾ޴ٴεǵӿ˼ʱ䶼ûбٴεı˳ȥ岻ƫбĽ뵽һ޴ħ֮С

Ĳҽʹ˴ǵĳ֣ȴҲеħǿʼ
ëȻĽʳҲʹ˵ĳˡ
˺ҧĲҽԼ˺󵽣ļˣȴڿʼʱ򣬽»һ˱ȵɽˮĵز»ȻЩ̣Ҳûг־ǣһȺˣֵȥΡ
˵ɫһƬĴ͡
»߻ãϾǼҶǷһ棬ȴûмҶ֣ԭںڣҶ֣ȴû뵽ǿ֮ˣȻҶıɸ㶨ˣ
ƺЩ̫˵ɡ
Ҷ졭þòˡ
»ߵ¶һĨ͵Ц⣬Ҷ컺Ŀ˵
ǰþò˰û뵽ˣӵû뵽㾹ȻҲ֮С
Ҷ̾˵
»ߵʵݣƺûа취뵽ģǶԷļ˲ãž޴»߽뵽֮
һԭ򡭡
Ҷĵ˵ͷ漴ĳۻ裬ȻһӰˣﵭ˵
Ҹطİɡ
˵ҶǾȵľȻı֮Уż˿ٵĳһɽ֮гȥ
ǿ֮ܿҶ㽫˰һɽ֮С
ΪĹϵ𣿡
ҶĿ»ߣĿ˵
»ĵ˵ͷ
ʵǿ󣬵żʵǧģŵ򣬶ϵȴʧȥһ֣õ֮ڽ뵽˷ڵĹ֮УȻεŵӣǱޡ
Ҷüͷ΢΢һһ־ѧԳɾΪһλŵӣҶΪĺ棬漴̲סץס»ߵ֡
㡭
»û뵽Ҷ쾹Ȼˣ̲ס߳һ

ҶɫһɬЦ˵
ֻںΪʲô˵Ĺѡ
ڿ˶ԷСŮӣҶȴ֪εˡ
ȷҪ
»ߵ΢΢һ죬漴ʵ


1363 ټŮ
þˡ
ҶȻڡѧһֱ൱棬ȴҲûе뷨˵һľ֮󣬿Ц˵
»ߵıøӹŹϱ糺쳣һɫȴ˿˿첨
˵ҪʩչĻҲǲܵģԽִҵϣת֮㡭Թ۲ġ
˵֮»ߵıƺǿʼøӹŹ
׵ȥ̽ѰԼѧʩչʽǳϵ˲ſԵ顣
ʱҶѾʼ⡮浽˼£Ҳûһ㣬˿ĵЦ
ԵĻҾͲˡ
»ûĿһһ̲סĳһҪҧ˵ĳ嶯
漴΢΢ıպϣһ΢΢죬һɷ̬Ҷ컹ǿʼЩ֪ˡ
ƺǸоҶľ࣬»ߵʱø糺΢΢һסҶƣ漴תľѧһɫ⻪ʱʼչֳ
Ҷ΢΢һԷġԼ²һȻǳ֮ΪģҶû뵽ǣ⡮ǳ֮Ȼôľ
ǳ֮ҶջҲǺܴģҶǡ߱ħǳ֮еĺܡ
ʱ»ߵʩչǰ»ϵǳ֮ѾʼͬΪȻһ㣬Ҷϵǳ֮Ҳһ֮󣬿ٵӿ
䡭
ɾ˵һģʵϣ»ߵԵƫͣҶԵҪȴ·һһ̬໥֮УͬʧɢѾõһ㣬ٵںһ

һ΢ĴϢĳ»ߵһеĲݣҲûа취ƿأӣֱӵĽ
һַ·ԼĶ׵ĸоԴһģͷ·Ůһ㣬Ȼ࣬ȴŽȻͬʱ»߱ˡ
Ҷġ߱ħ˰Ե·һϵĵһ㣬ġһλһ㣬ֻܹϵӭŶԷȡȴĸԸ
ߵԭϵĽӴʼ𽥵Ŀ
ɫǳ֮Ľߵ建İΧһ
»߸оԼߣһɰԵϢ֣棬Ƿ·һ˫˫ڲϵĴ֮Уѩɫļʼ糺ޱȣͬһһ㣬˼¡
ȻȫûϵΪһľǴʱȴȫָоҶ컹ãһеĸȻش󲿷ֵע˶Էľѧϣ»ȴһĸд̫ˣʱ͸оԼ˵궼·Ҫһ㡣
ԼÿһļƺҶĹ۲֮УԼĽѾȫĳԹĳ˶Էǰû˿ڸǡ
̲סǰˣ»ߵĽߴﵽ˼£ȴ֣ʱҶ쾹Ȼ˫Ŀûзһ㣬̲סҲ»ߵһŭ⡣
ŮһֹĴڣ㿪ʼעʱǸоģǵ㲻ȥһߵʱȴֻ㸴ӵȻڵҶ޷֪ġ
ضԷת·߿ʼ𽥵ıҶ쳹׵
ò˵ҶڵⴴļһﵽһôţƵĴڣһ֮󣬾ͷ·ԼϰһöС͵ǳһϵĺ֮ϵǳܵϵһ
ǳϵҲʹŶԷϵĽҽٶȿľˣ˵Ҷġ߱ħһλֻ֪ռȡĵ»ߵǾǵۺϵҫǳС
ӹڣҶо˶Է»ֻ˫Ŀ֮еĴУԼ֮һͨҶоԼǳ֮ڴ˶Է»֮ʱ̣ƺҲԷչʼӿ
ҲǷԭ֮һɣʦȻֶΰ
Ҷ΢΢Цһȴû⣬»Ҳһ¡
Ҷ켴ҪԼǳ֮˲䣬»ߵĽȴоһϵĲоͷ·˵ĵطϵİһ㣬ǳ֮ȡʱ䲻ϵӳСҲʼ³˵˵Ľ֮
ҿߴʱԶĻ»߿˲˵עˡ
ˡ
һɫͻȻĳҶĹ۲֮С
ʱ֮ѸٵıһµâҶʱȫûע⵽»ߵĽǱǰһˡ
һˣ˵ԵһιĹϵ
º֮У߱ħʱһˣԷĿֲڵҶ춼ûаտԵֿסԷһаʽ
ҲŮô
Ҷд󺧲ѣһڵ֪Ϊʲô˵İԵˣŮйϵľѧ᲻ԵѹҶڿʼʱǸоһּϤĲ
ԭ
ƺǸоҶеĲһȻı仯âݺݵسҶϮ˹ȥ
ߡ
֮۷ʩչһӤ֣̫ʮѪŭ֮ƺƵĿʼŷ
ŨһҲ漴ĳҶǰ
ҶǸŮˣ
Ҳ꣬ѾǲǰҰôôù㡭
Ҷǽһ̲ס

ֿʼ֡
漴˸˿˿ɱ⡣
Ҷд󺧣ٵĽԼһǳ֮»ߵڣ˷·Ǽһĳ˶Է׷ɱϴҶ춼֪ԼλģǶŮˣûоԵʵǰԲ档
ŮˣСүһѹµġ
һ仰Ҳ֪⻹⣬Ҷ촫ݳ
䡭
һİĿռУһ˷ŭĽ߳ݳռ䱻ôѡ

ҲҶ˳»ߵһ̣һ̲סĴ»ߵٴεĴݳתŮӻõ۷ʱԳĺܡ
κҶûֻ˳˲䣬ȴоԼǰһ漴һƬϮ»ߵĽѾĵҶϡ
û°ɣ
Ҷɫ΢΢һ䣬ղźǸŮ֮ĶԿܿ»Ҳ˵ľ˽ȥ
ſһɫʱ·Ҫγˮһ㣬ˮӣ޷ֱӡ
ûû£ֻЩƣ롭
»ߵС糺Ĺĺܡ
뵽ԼȻһϤǰȻ˷ŵĽ»ߵǽһᡣ
ȷû£
Ҷٴκʵ
û¡ȥϢһ¡
»ûĿһۣʱ»߸оԼ˵ĵطʱѾŢޱȣﻹȥҶ˵ʲôֻú޺޵ĵһۣ޺޵Ķţǿ뿪


1364 
»ߵĽ߶Ҷı鿪ʼøӵĹŹԲΣϵԼǰҡҷˣʵ΢΢һ
֣ԼƺһЩ©˹ȥ
һʩչ˼£Կ֮أ͸հӦΪ۷ĳ̶ˣҵ֮ȽϻһЩǸŮΪʲô»ߵأ
ҶʵЩĺܡ
ٺ٣ǸŮˣҿӤԦ̫ʮѪ֣ĻһǺѵֿӤȻԷǿĺа취ֿȴûа취ȥʹãҲҿˣһΣں»ߵ»н֮ԵĸоԼǳ֮ʼøǿ󣬶һһ˿ĸı䡭
Ҷ̾˵
Ű˲ͼ֮У국໥һϴ˿˿Ĺ顣
Ůˣ
ļ΢΢ĳ鴤һ¡
ԭ겻Ľ϶Щ

èգգۣ޹Ľе
ѹ£
˵ıһĺߡ
Ů˰СӾȻǺԵˣûж㿪ЩűǸŮ֪Ļٺ٣˵ãСӵġ
̫ʮѪѵõĿЦ˵
˵׼
˵᲻лὫŮѹ£
èͻȻǰԵ˵

⼸һϵıʱһı䣬漴¶˼ӣ̬档
ܵĻ
ɵ˵
ܡ
̫ʮѪϵİ壬漴ٴݲ˼ǣǴ۵С۵̬
ҶȻ֪ԼղŵľѾΪŰ˲ͼ֮м۵Ľ㣬ϸϸһԼڵľѧ֮һµĸ漴֮Խĸоǳ֮ǿ󡭡
֮УͻȻҶоֲڳ߳ٶȷɿ죬Ҳмӵʱﵽ
ϢǱѰ첻Ϊ١
Ҷ΢漴Ŀٵĳ»ߵڵɽȥ
ʱѾʼԽľһʱģ»ߵҲ׷׵ĸ˳
ʱ»߻һ׷ɫĳȹȥ˵ĺܣ֮дųϢȻ̬Ҷ춼̲ס˼ۣһֱӡ
Ҷ쿴Լװ磬»ߵ漴΢죬Ǿ޴ȴҲѸٵĻָ˹ȻҲǸоɲ֮󣬲ųġ
磬Ǹô죿
Ƕ֮гɰŮӿʵ
Ů»ߵĺѣΪȻֻһλͼŵӣʵǷһεħ֮ԴĻԽ뵽ŵӵ֮УԷʵѾ뵽˴Ǿ۷壬ڷ˵Ҳǲˡ
Ҷҿ϶ԷԼ˵Ҫĺܣ֮УΪȣҶȻҲƺϣ΢΢˫Ŀ˵
ȡ
»ߵü΢̲סʵ
а𣿡
һεĲԸоĵ̲סЩ
Ӧ
Ĵ첻ΪҶ첻ģֻҶȴ֪Ƿϰ
İʦ㣬ʵǷŵˣ綼һƵԷʵǿ󣬵ȴҲĶֵġ
Ц˵
һﾭҶ֮Ĵ֮Ϳʼ÷Ƿ쳣ҲһԵԭԳħѪ죬ǿеʩչԳħ䣬ԼϵԪˣǿĵҩΪ֧֣ⱲܹҲһѰˣҶ֮ȴſֲһ̶ȴҲ˳
Ժŵһ죬ɾһǿߣҲһѵˡ
ȻĶҶ죬ﲻֻǸмһֽϵΡ
Ǻǡ
ҶûĿһһۣһﻹǰˡ
׼
Ҷﵭ˵
˻ûзӦʱ̣ʱ֮ϴݳ˵ľˡ
˷ǱŤŻֵ̬
𡭡
·ǰ׻һŭ֮಻ϵĴ˲֮еı漴ĵϣռò濪ʼֳ˹ѵĺۼ
»ߵЩѩף֮⣬˸ӵĲãǿֲͷ·һѪʼӿѪʼڣԼʹ
ߡ
Ҷһ΢΢˦һ·εľһ㣬ݺݵسץȥ
Ȼ֪Է·Ҷɲһⱻ۸ʩչϾѧ˳ƵĽΧһƬ
飡
ִҫ͹Ϣ·һɫĳ磬֮һеĺڰͲİᡢ˺ѣնϣ
䡭
˲ıҶ˺ѳΪޡ
͡
һƿݳ
ʮӰչ֮ϣ֮УԣֱֳУϷ˵ġϡ֮·һ㣬ݡ
Щ˵ϢÿһӰɢޱߵĲڴеϢ
Ϊ׵һλӲʮ߰ӣӢһɫۣ󱳸һǹվ£һƿص̬Ͱ
Դĳ΢΢Ʈ˫Ŀ·Ƕһ㣬ݺݵسҶ쿴˹ȥ
絶һƬգҶǰ涼̲סľһĺۼ·ʵһ㣬˿µɱ¾
ߡ
Ҷһ΢ƻ̤棬ֻһ̤㣬ȴ㣬վںһޱߵɷ֮˿ûСڶԷĿʼչֳ

Էıĳǹһĳһ޴Ļĳֳ
ǾȻһлͷȴһɫ棬·ΪĹһĳϣϢޱȣа쳣Ͱ׻ȽϣӶһַ˺ѵϢ
ԵıǶԷĻ
͡
΢΢һҶҪˡ
Ǿʱ»ߵ˵ȴ¶˾ϲɫ֮ϵӿĵĽе
ʦ֣ǡ
񻶿ĻԼֱ۽е
˵Ҳ˵ı飬Ȼ»ΪĵȻȴҲſĵɫ

Ϊ΢΢ĵͷڿҶ֮Уȴû˿¶ȣĺˡ
ֻڿ»ߵʱһ˫ȴ쳣
ʦ֣һλǵľˣҲҵҶ졭ǡ
»߿ĵ˵Ǵһɫȴʼøӱ


1365 Ҫսұս
ҶȻĸоΪļһﲢʲô࣬Ǵʱ»ߵӣҲ˼ȥˣǶĵţȴо൱Ĳ
ȻǺǵ洫Ӱ磬һǻܹȥĻɾʱλʦֵǰˣٺ١
ȻΪļһһ˲õĴڣܹŴҵ˵ĸǣµλϺԼеһࡣ
ԷڿԼ棬ȴ˿˿ķŭҶΪĲˬһҶ²ûдĻ±Ƿڵˣҿ»Ϊǿһ֧ˡ
һϣÿһλʵڴͨϣǻм˽뵽˴첻𾳵ĳزʵνǷǷĺܡ
һɱ͵ѪۣȻһ·ϵɱ¾
Ҷ컹ǾûйϵȻԷˣҲûбҪˡ
ˢ
ʮӰ䵽˵ϡ
ûǣֻǽԼעȫķ»ߵϣ
ʦãû°ɣ
еӣǶ»žԵĺøУһ񣬴ʱҲʼԽ
»Եĸо˶ԷȵģȴźۼĽԼ˻¶˿˿Ц˵
µʦ֣һεȫΪΪԷɱǲٵĵӡ
뵽ԼߵʦǣΪԼԵʶ䣬»ߵ̲ס¶˷ŭı顣
һᴦģŵˣƺԽĴʱȺ˺úõһˡ
˵ʱٴε˵
Ǵ͵ʱҿǸˣҪܵģ㿴ΪѰ㣬ҿǷѾ˼ûг£Ļһ֪εĶԴϽ
㻰ĺܣǴһְ⣬»ߵȴ΢΢һ䣬岻źۼĳź΢΢˺󣬻Ц
лʦֵĹذˣ»ڴ˸л֮·ҪıǱػѵ˵ػһӲɣ
»ߵȻͣȴĳּ͡
ʦãҪػһ
Ļû˵꣬ȴ˵
洫ʦ֣һλǵĴˣҶ磬ΪԵʣľˣʵ
죡
͵һȣɫѿ
ղҪԼˣȴˣеĲˬ֪
ǰ»ߵӣһƵĽµļһˡ
桭
ſڿӣԼȺŵӱ֮ڵıԼͣȴ̲סĲһŭ⡣
ӵĸоȻǲˬĺܡ
΢΢ĿһǺܿȴעŵҶϣȻ߰Ŀ˵
Ҷ죿
Ҷüͷ΢΢û˿ı飬˵
ղ㲻Ѿҵ𣿡
»ߵ˲ǰ׳գȻĳһԵǲ·
»ߣҶھһξѧϵĽӴ֮󣬸һĸо˵ģ̲סĽе
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΢΢ĵ˵ͷ»ߵĻЦ˵
֪ˣзִģΪǵİȫһСһĺãħ֮֮УһжҪСССģΪһŪӭľɱ¾䣡
ҶȴĲڶԷѾʼ©˿˿ɷˣɷ·Ǵħһ㣬ϵҶѰѪϢ·Ƕħһ㣬ŻʼҶıλʼ֡
Ҷ죬ʲôŵĵӣΪʲôʶʦãһһʮ˵
˫ı棬ϴ˿˿ı仺˵ȻڿѯʣҶ첻ǰ׳գȻĿԸоڶԷ֮У©ʵ˲ĺܡ
ǳ˵Ļ»ڶԷǿ֮£Ϊ֮ȴԵĲҶ졣
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ʱĺȴ֪ԼΪʷһ̬ѾҶпʼ׵ķŭ
ʱȴ»ߵûбĿŶԷ˵
ƺֲҰɡ
洫ʦ֣ȷʵǵĶˣǵҿҪʱ򣬻־ȵҡ
ʵĿȥˣԵѹˣЩ̫ˡ
ݱޱȣһ˫Ŀ˸˿˿ĺɫɷԼĿԿͫ׵Ѿڲϵıֲѹ˲ʱѹƣоԼǰ·ǱѹƳһɲ̫ħɽһ㣺
һССŵ֪ЩʲôڶŵĵͼԼĵ뵽֮У̽ԷŵܣԵ޹ʵģħ֮֮УСΪʲô㣿
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һ»ߵڿʼЩȴ
ʦ֣ǰĺѣô˵ĻǲҲöҵһ
ϵıиӵķŭ֮ԻҶ죬ҲΪ»ߵԵʣԷſʼϲŮˣУҲֻԼ»ߵľ䣬κεմȾ»ߡ
Ҷĳ֣úвǿĵִ»ڿҶ֮УǴĳĲߵĹϵһĹϵ
뵽Щ֮󣬺бøӷŭ
ߡʦãЩ飬㻹֪ʱħ֮֮Ув⣬Ϊħ޵ͬ࣬ΪµĻڣҲԵһ紵ݶ޷Ԥϵĺѵ˵ϣЩһ£ЩӵôģŵһΣǲ˵˵뿪
˵ģȫ˼»ߵķӦĶҶ죬ĺ
СӣҲ㵽ʦõʲôˣǲ˵·ǾͲҪ뿪ˡ
˵䣬ϵѾȻѹƵҶǰֲ籩꣬˵ϵĵѺۣ
Ҷ˫Ŀ𣬿ǰĺһɺ˸Ц˵
ϲ»߰ɡ
һǺɫʱһ䣬û뵽Ҷ쾹Ȼ˵»ϸһĻңҪ˵ҶȴٴεЦ
㲻ҪǿɵŤҵΪӵĲҪǶĵȾԼΰһȴŸɣ洫ӣߣΪҺҪսұս


1366 洫ӣˣ
Ҫսұս
򵥵֣ȴһɰҵİ
ɰԴͷţԼӣǶںӣ
Ҷ첻֮ˣȴҲ֮һԼ鷳һͱˣҶȻҲûɺͶԷĺƽȥ
ҶĻոյ£»ߵ˱㰵ԵĽеˡ
Ȼɫ˲Ŀʼѿ쳣ԭϣʱķ·Ҫγˮһ㣬ޱȵı
վߵʦǣһ޷ŵڿҶ죬·û뵽Ҷ쾹Ȼܹ˵һΪ洫ӣʵﵽ˴첻Ϊһֱ޷ӣӵĲҪ˵Ƿˣ
㵨˵
ǷЦ⣬ЦȴԵıͿ£·һֻŭʨѿԼһ㣬ֲϢ˲ΧĿռ
͡
Ҷûȥϻֱӵѡ˳֡
µ߲̤㣬˳֮У֮ţħ߷趯ϡ
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ѩǹҶһҶ쳤ھ֮໥ĥ֮ЧҲʼޱǿ
ǹɢ˾˵â˸֮У·һһ㣬޵Ŀռ֮лһĺۼһۼó貵ĹâǿеĳŶԷȥ
Ĺâ޷Įӣ»ߵȴ¶˵ǵɫ
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൱Ƿ֮Уʵ͵λǷǷģȻЩŵ洫ӣȴҲǿޱȵĴڣҶ켴ȴҲܺͶԷԿġ
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૵һ»ȻʶһŽ΢䣬¶˵ǵɫ
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һǹӶȻֻգ۶ѣȴѾǿе˺˶ԷһϮ
ǹ·һìһ㣬˺֮дſµı֮֮׵֮ıŷйΪ֮ӡ
ǵӵϴ޷ŵɫҶ죬ȫû뵽ԼһοĽȻҶ˲˺ѵˡ
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˾㵵֮Уһλӵ徹Ȼһ֮ڷϵˡ
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ĸǺεȵĵȻƺȫûнһ㡣
΢΢ĲȻʢŭ֮µڵҪˣ
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濪ʼɳŤ·Ƕһ㣬γ˸аĻߡ
ƻɱһſµɱ֮ʩչ˼£óǧУתеľѪʼȼմʦ֣ס֣ҶǵĶˣǴʲô
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»ʦãѾˣ˺Ƿڵĵӣһˣ˽ᡭ
ԭûжվںߵĵǣĳ֣»ߵǰ档
Χһ̲סĲһӲĸо⡮ƻɱԵһֿµɱ֮ǳҶǿɱ֮Ǻʵڴ첻𾳵ΪȻԵøӿֲ
ǰ˸ǸоԼѪڿʼ
䡭
üĵ֮תԭĻ漴ɢ
Ҷɫ䡣
漴ֵǶԷǾ޴Ļһµǹ

һ֣޾ڰĲɱ⣬˷ŭ̬
Ҷɫ䣬΢΢ķ˿˿Ц⡣
ڶԷ㵵ı֮УȻĻԼѩǹ
ѩɫɫ
⻪ѩǹ֮ϡ
ôٴεĶҵƻɱ޷ɱȴҲƵжġ
в㵵һ˿г֣Ǻܿ뵽ԼʵԼǴ첻𾳵ľ磬ҶʵҲһССĴͨΪ
ߵĲֹˡ
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ҶǿǹڵĺͶԷײһ
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ҶĻûʩչҲֻǿǾ޴ĺɫİ׻ɲǼΧסҶ塣
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׻󷢳ĲҽȻȻĹѣ·һ־޴ƻһ㡣
ûеȵӦʱһ˵âȴѾ˳ƵĴݳγ״ɱ
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һı֮УǺֻǸоԼֱһľʹ漴ǹ֣һɾ޴ҲصĴǰֲѪɳȥ
һݳ
洫ӡˣ


1367 ٳ
⣬˾ⷽԲʮǰ׵ķΧ֮УĶһֿµı֮ŤΧĿռ䡣
ˡ
Ҷѩǹչ漴Ƶƿ֮£һġһͣȵض׼ڵϻڲд֮еĺϵɱ֮ľˡ
һɺ죬ڣűĲŵϵĺͬڿһһ㡣
еڴʱ޲һڿҶ֮УͬڿһһħӿµĹһ㡣
Ҷֹϣͺ֮սάϵ˶ݵʱѣǾһݵʱ䣬ǰһȴѾ˷츲صı仯
ԭҶ죬һֻЦЦĴͨ쾳СȻԺʹ첻𾳵ǿ߶Կǽ˵̬˳ȥ
Ϊ;ؾԵĳκһ˵
ܡⲻܵģ
ĺϵңʱϢҵ˼£ϵİ׻󱻳׵ĻΪ˷ĩǰһɼĺۼҶϮ֮󣬲ӡǣ޷ʧ
еǹǲ뵽˼Ӳĵϣ沼˵ƣɼıһ쵽ǹĸطû˿ȥʹõĿˡ
ܵģһ洫ӣʲô㲻սʤҵġ
޷ǰһУĽеԭҪҶ쳹׵ѹҼǲɱҲҪϵڣһеΣڴԹĴ
ʵҲˡ
Ҷ쵭Цһ
漴Ķ΢΢ıô͵»ߵЦ
һΣҪֿˡǺǣԵټ
»ߵ΢֪뵽ʲôϵ糺Ҳ漴ĳ֣
ԸĻңǷһǻӭĵ
Ҷص˵ͷڿλŵڿ֮УԵİųӵ̬ȴԿЦĺܣһΣ»ǺѰڣԼȥĺã˵ãһȺ׳һԼԼ鷳ġ
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һʩչĿֱֲһˣ󵽵ľ첨ղŵ֮УȻһ˿ӣԵȴӵĿֲа졣
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Ҷɫһ䣬֮ˣ֮ԻҲΪʵУһ»һţһɱĻҶ캦»»ߴС鷳ģû뵽ǣԼһ⣬ȻһĲ֪νΪԽ޼ɵˣΪԼǲɱ
֮Գ֣ҲȫΪҶļɵ֮ģȻ֪ҶʲôţķȴԲǳ˿ȥսģҶŹΪԼڵĴڡ
֣
ӡݺݵϮ˹
оԼıǾ˵ĲҶüͷɱϮһ۶죡

Ҷ˫Ŀ΢΢𣬷ɺ죬ͬһɱһ㣬Ȼתһɿֲɷ漴ķϡ
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·Ƿѹʱںвˡ
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Ҷ˫Ŀâħһ㣬ϣ͸һƬգȻĻӶ
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ҪԺͿռ֮ǰ߻˵߿ǿµĺܣٻ˻õռ֮ġ
ҶȴԵõռ֮򣬲еζ
оҶתһ̣ǵص·һʥַһ㣬Ȼ˺˵գռ˺ѳһɼĺۼ
ĿʼƲϣ·Ǿһϯ˹ȥ

Ĳҽʹ˴ݳ
ӡ·̼ıǿеĴˣڴѷǰĽͷ·ֽһ㣬׵Ĵ飬Ҷ֮У̲İٱļӳЧ
İٱӳһô˵ĳ̶ȡ
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˺˺Ľ˺ѵȴû˵ʧǴѷȴҲֻǼ޷ŵĵ֮ɫУȻĶ׼塣
졭
»ߵ΢䣬ҲķӦ˹ɭȻȴĲǿԵֿסģҶݱ䣬һɺ˿ֲĲ
նɱĻ˵ã»ߵ˵İȫ⻹̫׽ģӰɡ
ҶԺ֮У΢΢һ漴ʩչͽǶȻĸı䡣
͡
·Ƿеһ㣬ͻأĸıϮĽǶȡ

һҵĽݳֱ۱ݺݵն
ҶӰ˸չ֣Ӱ裺
һΣֱֻۣΪ֮ɡ
֮䣬ҶѾ𽥵ʧˡ
ĲҽңңĴݳ
ΪʲôΪʲôҵֱ޷ָΪʲôҶ졭Ҫɱ㣬ⱲӣҺ㲻ݣ
ŭҶŵˣȴûκεĽ֮ɫ
ߡһССϰˣεܹҵӡ
Ҷı棬̲ǳ֮ȵҪٴεԼµȥֱۣĲʵ
ԽĿռڲ㣬Ȼľʱһ΢ϢݵҶǰϢ̲֮صĲҶ΢΢ı
Ӻ𡭡ȻϢ


1368 
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ˣҶһֱҲѰҶԷȴҲûҵӺķֻȴһֱûѰҵԷĴڣһΣҶڵĸоһĲ
΢Ӧ˵һںԶĵط
Ҷüͷ΢΢
Ӻ𣬴˴Լ뵽֮󣬱ѾĪĶԹ˵ڿʼʱҶֻǺͶԷһ˿ĦʱڣѾֹһεĶԼ¶ĳָϵǲֹһεҪɱԼ
ӺʵǴ첻ΪΪͺƣӺǡڵ۴ͨǺڰԵѾħˣħ֮֮УӳԲǺԱģЩһ֧ʵǴӵġ
˼֮УҶѾٵı
ΣӺҪɱ
ϵӿԼĿԿħߵĻڷѪӰӣ˸ϡ
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ӺϢȻϢ֮бôͻģҾȻ𽥵ʧȥһټ
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ҶֱӵĲ˵Ļᣬ񽣣ݿ漴֣һ걻Ҷȥ

ĽԷʬ˺֮ӵ˵ϣҶ˫ĿĽʢļ䳹׵ȥ
Ǻܿģļ֮Ҷȴ¶һĨ֮ɫ
ʢȻڸղźӺֿˣҸĲ֪һȥ·
⵹ҶΪͷʹ֮ȻĿʼߣѸٵɢ˼£ȴɵûа취оӺϢ
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üͷ֮УҶ̲סĿЦǾʱ֮ȴ׽һ˿ӲĲⲨҲϵϢ漴һɾ˵ɷ֮·Ǿ֮ϵɷһ㣬ȴְĳ
漴һӰҲҶ֮Уٶȷɿĳ߳
Ӱ֮Ҷüͷ΢΢аԵĽ䱸һװԴûһ˿ë֮ϣĽ˸֮·ѹħһ㡣
ʮλңƷǷȴû˿̬
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1369 սħ
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һصţ֮жţʥ֮УҶûм֮ȴйأ
ڵԴǵǵʽ;ʽ𣬶֯൱ܣǴһصɫʣ˸޷֪Է
ȻأڵȴСľ֮УܶĴԪǵһЩԪȴڵΪ
˵һµš
ۺʵǿ󣬶һſµľѧڶ࣬ҲʹźܶţڵĴЩηͺ档
ڿڵѶϢ֮ҶȴоƺǺԼǰĳ֯еһƴ
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ϵװ͸Ĺ涨൱Ľӽ
뵽ԼħϿ֮УڸԼԷԴ󵽻Ϊϵһ֮Уϵں͹ϵķǷҲĳֽܵϵ
˸ϣһööɫӵġdͱǡ
Ĺ⻪·һʥһ㣬Դ棬ʥϢ֮бȥѪȼգ˫Ŀ֮У貣һµ񵶡
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ˣҶ첻С֮һʵԼĺܡ
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ⲽ֮УҶ߲ȴû˿Ӱ죬ٶȿٵľˣֻת˲ʱѣȴѾʮ֮ĵط
Ⱥһʲôط
ԽһɽƽԭҶ쾹Ȼûм͸о˵Ϣ
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΢΢漴Ҷһʯֹͣ
ﵹǺһƬˮ̶Ѱĵط֮УˮɫģдаĺڰħһƬˮ̶棬Ȼһֵζˮ̶ڲԿһʵˮߡ
ô˵̬
Ҷ΢΢һӰ˸Ѹٵˮ̶һࡣ
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üһů˸
ʱü֮Уһâʼ͵Ĺ⻪ʼ˸ϡ
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֮۵չʱһʥϢʼʥϢ֮УĳڹԵһҪҶоԼľ֮Уһĸо
ˮ̶ǹŹ֡
Ҷ컺Ŀ˵
ʱڿˮ̶֮зʵˮҶҲȥ˼⡣
ٵĽϵĲó׽˼㣬Ŀ
ܿһʼΧסΧ
ҶʵҪ˵ûоħǱħˣľ֧֣ȴҲӵԷϵħ
ž
Ҷ콫һõ֮󣬻ûеȵҧһڣȴû뵽һֻѾչ˹
û˿Ŀ֮ɫֱӵĽ⿾ˡ
Ҷüͷ΢΢һеĽ䱸˲˼¡
ԷھԼ׵ĵطűԼ֣ңղŴԼ߿Ķ˷ָؿԵЩ鷳˵ʵƺЩ̫ǿ˵㡣
˫Ŀ΢΢Ҷ컺سŶԷ˹ȥ
˵൱ĴĿľˣ׸ߵĸӣҶס뵽ڣԴϣĿԵˣһѪɫ˸Ĺ⻪
ϵëïʢϣǱɫëΧţһ޴ĺɫħڱ󱳸ţ˿˿ɷǾ˵ɢ
ӹǣԷ䣬ƺһβͣ
ζȻôõʱ䡭
һԽɫ˸ϣ֮дһּȺغʹĲĴ˵
ȻһȻģ˵װƺҲڵˡ
Ҷ΢΢˼Ǵ˵ȴû˿ĶУһ൱ĸоԷϢ͸ղҶһǽȻͬģȻ֮µĺܣȴûа졣
о𣿡
ԷһڽҲȥݺݵؾ׽˵
Ҷû˵ֱӵĴԼŰ˲ͼ֮Уóһ
˳ʱĴ֮ζѡ
ضİļһҲ˵ٴεһڵ֮˺ҧ
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ǧ֮УһְԵϢ
Ҷ⿾ϼһƬƬĿ⣬漴ҲȻ˵ѾԲʳˣǶԷ֣ȴоһ˿ʳ
үҽжսħ𡭡
ĸԼһõ̳ķ飬Ц
СӣܶԱүθڡ
˵ģٴδҧһ⣬ݺݵ˵
𣿡
Ҷľ׽ſ⣬˵
УֹѪţҲΪҵʦڵͽ
սħЦ
飬ȴҶоһ˿ɬΡ
ԵһֺĶʱ䲢ǾһеĸսħҶ֮䣬ӵû뵽ߵĳμ棬ȻһĸоϵҲ漴Ŀʼǡ
ߴԴ֮УһҲĳΧ


1370 ս
Сӣʲô֣
սħһ鿾ݺݵԼдڵľ׽˵
Ҷ²ĲĻƺǲ⣬ɱģǰλڵĵӣ̬顢֣ʮľһС
Ҷ졭
Ҷ쵭˵
Ҷ졭
սħһ۾·ͫһ㣬˸˿˿Ĺ⻪Ҷ˵
˵ҵֺǳ𣿡
Ҷ˵
ðɣֻһżȻĻ£˵֣ȴû뵽㾹ȻᣬʮһСӣǿá
սħϴһܲı飬Ҷ˵
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νʵҶһϵļѾ𽥵Ŀʼһ㵭ͭɫȴԴһ˿𪣬ѰȽϣҪôһ㣬ҲҶСĳƺҲ֮ĳˡ
ƺڵ˰ɡ
ſ㣬Ҷ컺Ŀʵ
ڡ
һ˿ĹâشӶսħ˫Ŀ֮Уһ־˵Ĺ⻪ͱΧϢڿʼѹޱȡ
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ˡ
Ҷ컹Ҫ˵ʱ̣ͻȻ֮ϣݳһ΢ĲȻⲨȥ΢ͷ·ڿ֮ôһ˿ѣߵʵѾﵽ˾ĳ̶ȣȻĲⲨԴͷٵĳտȥ
ž
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ҶɫȴʼǶսħҲޱȱ䣬ķ·һľ˺Ϳ¡
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Ȼ׷Ѱ𣿼ȻˣΪʲô֣ѵҪӰǴɣ
űϢͬһµԳħһ㣬Ұһˮ̶Ǽ׵ˮˮ֮У⶷սħȭһȭӶˮһ׻ĳһȥ
һƬʯڸǣߴľʯ·һСɽһ㣬ǧ׵ĸ߶ȣڸòٵˣУҶ֮ҲĿʯ֮Уĳ˲õϢ
ֻȴû뵽⶷սħȻҲˣҶڴΪϵٴεһµĲϡ
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顭
޴İ׻ˮ漴ı飬ǽɫӡǣҲ漴İֱʧ
Ҷüͷ΢΢𣬿һˣһˣҶ쵹Ҳİеһλڶ¶ЦݵףҶӡ
ǸΪѪޡ
ʱǼ¶һĨЦݣȥĵĸоʮĺܡ
Ҷ΢΢ĺһ𣬶һû˿⡣
ȻѾˣǾͳֱǣҲûʲôָĺµģ෴ǣһȺˣҲûжٵĺøУѪ˸ео˺ܶࡣ
СӡҸˣҪٿ㣬ǺȻģûнҵĻԼϣȻٴεҿ㣬첻ˡ
Ѫϴ˿˿ѪߣҶ컺Ŀ˵
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սħﲻм³һڿˮؿ˵
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ҶѵõĿЦ˵
쵰Сӣ㾹Ȼҵ٩ܺãսħΪڵĵҲԽԽˣȻѡѣߣȴҳķ֮󣬾Ǳʦһϡ
ѪЦ
ǸСҵġ
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һλڵ߻Ŀ˵
˵˫Ŀ֮УǵĹ⻪ƺǲ͸һзһ㡣
ߣϹӽЩӴСͷ֮Уδѧȴһֱǵ裬ҲͰˣġزǧ塷ͷżȻĻ·ֵģΪ˵õȻĵȥԸһ֮ˣӽ֮ԻˣҲΪǵԵʣ׽ǣˡ
ˡ
޴ĺɫħȻĳС
βڿ֮ž죬Ĺ⻪˸һ϶ʥħԳı󣬷ǵõһĿһɾ˵ȴ˸ϡ
ѾħˣǵزأΪֲһλħͷġزǧ塷Ϊµħѧɱ
ڵ̲סĿʼŭ
ǵ˾Ҫˣķ裬ҿܹʲôΪ
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ۡ
Ǹղ˵ߣûзӦȻһĴУֲħԳŭأһĴ࣡
͡
һâߵϣ⶷սħĳ˳漴ſѸٵȥ
㾹Ȼɵķ裬ħɱ
СģǵزħһħħС
Ҷ˫Ŀ΢΢ķɺ죬ӰҲȻ˸ȥ


1371 
زħ
֮е裬һ޷ĥ𣬵ȴκεһλڶԸħͷı
زħ
֮еһδ棬Ŵ˳֮ʱر塢չᡢ׻ŭ̽ͷ
֣漴ıһλڵǿ֣ӶĽزΪ˵ӡ
˳ʱĵ֮زصҲ˳ǿΪƥǶھѧϵ򣬶νһһļ̳ߡ
ѵõǣ˵һ֮ġ
һżȻĻ֮£زΪܹԼΪľȻѡ˵Ӵ˷ˣزڽ˵֮в̶̵İʱ䣬ǳ֮ȴ˴ԸӴԵΪסȺħΪ顭ҪǵȻΪڶ֮ء
һ˵ĳ֣˲Ȼ󲨣дԪڶΪ֮ˡ

ħ
ħ
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˵ʼ֣ӵΪزʩչľѧ֮УȻһ޷ƿصһֿµ˵Ҳ漴ˣӵعĵزأʵǱƻħ
ڵĵزѾǰĴ֮ˣһħһʹߡ
һ˵ĳ֣Ҳ漴ٴεķ
ĸĵزأεܹס˵˵һŭ֮£ѡѳڡ
Ǻεȵţεܹõز㰲Ȼ뿪һսʹ˵ıˡ
ǵزصľѧǿƥ׷ɱǿ߾ȻĻɱ˻ȥ
زվһˣҲֻйѲڣ޺޵ٴν뵽˵֮УԴѧزǧ塷ȴǿʼѰ
սħԭһ¶һ޺޵ĺСһλߵһλûٵѧһֱڵĲؾ֮жա
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˭֪ûв͸ǽڣرֵϢڵһڣҲ䣬һŭ֮µĶսħҲˡزǧ塷ǿ
زħǵزնɱڵ֮µħ̲ѪϢ⶷սħõ֮ӵͣң

ĺӶսħŭħԳ趯ǴȱѪϢ໥ںһ
ҶʱҲûţӰ˸ѪǾֵУٵǰ
ѪˣԵĲʲôˣڱӦ͵ģʥģڴ˵ϣҶоȴɱ¾
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Ҷȴ⣬Է·εǿᣬȴҲĶ֣ħ֮еõѧϵĴ֮ϵѧ忪ʼǷ
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һƥѸٵ˺˶ԷӰݺݵسؿϮȥ
𵴣˵Ĺ⻪ĺܣ֮УȴһǿҵΣ

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Ҳ̲ס¶˿˿Ŀ֮ɫ
Ȼ˵Ļ˵鵤ҩ
һڽɽ뵽ԼڣҶĲԼ֮ϵ͵һͷ·һ޴ĿⱻһȺǷһ㣬ƴȥ˺Ѻա
ɡ鵤ҩӵΪԽߵǿߣϵķԽǿᣬϵڵӣЩµϹϵķ裬ӵĿͻƺü硭
˵֮⶷սħ϶̲ס¶̰Ĺâ
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ͻأľʱȻĴ˷ʼĴݳ
بŶ֮Уµɱ⣬Ҷ⶷սħߵȻѹ


1372 
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ġdֺۼѩĻӡǣʼƮӡ˸뵽˵棬·ˮһ㣬룬ϵĺںɫĹʼ𽥵ıһʥ档
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޴ɴ˵ĳ֣·ְЧĺɱȥ

ҶﲻϵĴϢţղʩչҪһϢĸо
Ƕսħɫȴڴʱݺݵر仯
һѽҶһ࣬漴Ĵȵ
Ƿֿܡ
Ҷһ㶣˲ıоˣ֮ϣԭΧסʮ˵ӰȻ籩֮֡
ްӷ𡭡
·һ㣬ÿһֶݺݵش
ڵ֮һģȺ쵰ߣǵκβǣҪϵľѧǷֿȥҲġ
սħĺ
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ز֣֮
ӡȭ
սħҶѡ˳֡
䡭
籩˲䣬ϯ


1373 շ
ˡ
һĻ谵ԭ֮ͬϣ·һ̱ɫҹ
ʼʮй÷ԲķΧʼñ
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ϵı൱侲ɱλǿǿߣǻһλǴ첻𾳵ǿߣû˿⣬ͷ·նɱˣǿߣֻǼλСආѡ
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ӴȻıĲƣҶڵĿռ俪ʼѸٵĹ
ΪµȴҶ죬Ȼ˵ħ֮ǿĺܣȴûдﵽĳ̶ȣǿֱҪ˸оԼ궼ʼһ
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ѵ˵һҪôĵùﲻɣ
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Ҷ컹ڿ֧ŵʱһɾ˼µȴٵĴڲɢڶݵĺ֮䣬ȻѸٵĽҶϵ޸ɣŷ迪ʼٵ뵽ڵ֮
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ۼҪħ֮ܣͻأ䣬һɵͳϢȴĴ


1378 һ
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1379 ʩԵ
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Ҷͬһսһ㣬Ѫ죬

޴ƣɢĹâǻ֮ƥ
һľѧǡħеĻ֮ȻҲɺ
ߡ֮һֻССĻħ޿մȾģҵӲƻģ
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޴Ĳ԰ӡҶǿֲĺɱ֮УȻıѣ

һ֮дһ˿޷ŵĲǸȴǷŭԵǸоԼ֮ܵ󣬲ŭ⡣
ҶȴĳһѾǿ֮ӺµһĲ֧Լ

ĻҶﴫݳ˻ٴεĻȭ
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üһĴʹȻ䣬Ҷ˫Ŀ貵Ĺ⻪ĳԶȥ֪ʱһӰĳңң䣬һʥϢ
ʩԵˣ


1380 ౦
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һеһУ·𶼺⡰ʴ󡱶֣޷ĸῪ
ǶԷϵĴź͸Ĵ磬ȴҲҶʶʲô𺳡
ϲƵһӨ⻪ʮɫӣӫ˸һɵҶ첻Ҫȥ֮۶ĸоԵĲһƷϴŵһϵۣһƽɫۣ·ǲϵӡһ㡣
ô룬ҶǿԸо洫ݳһ͵ϢԼǰѹš
飬ÿһſ˺ѿռĲҶ֮ǸоһּеҪõĸооԵǴеһ飬֮ǿӰ档
Դϡ
ϡ
ϡ
һеһУһ𣬷ڸˣѾһʮġ
һӷ̬һС۾Ҷ뵽ˣһǲǺ֮ĳѪϵϵ
ЦݣôôȻϴһʮʥϢȴҶоޱȵļթУ
˴˵֮Ҷ̲סĽе
ӡӴ壡
ߣɼĴϻһ̶С۾ȻǿĴﵽһ޳̶ȣʴƺݺݵĴԼţ¶ķò˼֣
Ǹӷӣ֪ʲôӣүүĲ֣ʵ׳ʵ׳㶮
Ҷ˫Ŀ΢΢漴ĿŴˣȻӣȥҪʥһЩȴɵ޷ҶеĽ䱸ʧܹǿҵѹȸУҹǣѹȲǺ£˵ĸо
ӣҸ
ӣ
ļһѩɫϣ̲סĿʼ鴤ƺ뵽ʲôһ㣬ڵǿеİסеߣ
Ǹӷ𡭡ʩԵ
ҶǺݺݵس鴤һǣ֪ΪʲôеĲԤпʼøӿ
ԵԵү
һԼٶȿǴﵽ߲֮߰ĳ̶ȣԷȴԼ֪ĳ̶£׷ѰԼһݵʵҲ˵ľµٶȣ㲻ˡ
ԵĻʲô𣿡

һ˿ֻм̲ŻӵеĹâӵ˫Ŀ֮һţ
үڵĵӣڵӣһĲᱻķջֻȥ׷ϵڣ˵үûʲô
ŶԷһıɢıҪϹҶ˫ۣҲ㱦ʲôŽ
ǵ˶ԷĽ֮ҶȴԵһݣڵĵӣҶȻ뵽һһ
౦
ʮڻҶ˵һΪ౦ڷ֧ǿ߽һԪ֮УϵŶԷһװҶʱĿʼ뵽˶Է֡
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Ҷ̽Žе
Ү
ӵ¶˾ȵɫ̲סĽе
㾹Ȼ֪ү֣ѵ˵үѾô֪ү֡
ˢ
ҶȻĳһȥ¶˽䱸ɫĿŶԷ
û뵽ô죬ڵһлǿߣոյı˦ˣ㾹Ȼˡ
ҶһĽ䱸౦̲ס¶ίӣ
鰡ȻڵĵӣȴҲţүҾǺһİүһ롢е¡ƷλĺˣʮƷλɱɱ飬ˡʩԵ
ð
Ҷ̲סıֿں
ǰһϵĻί̬һʱҶļƤ񶼿ʼ˳
үСǹ¶ûð
ҶϢӿ̲סһץĳ嶯
֪ǰ쵰ԵĲ֣һһԪ֮УΪڷļһĲԼӦġ
ðɣҵʲô顭
౦Ƿʷʵ¶绨ʥЦ
Ǹӷ𡭡ʩԵ
ƺǿҶҪץ̬ʱ౦ٴεĽԼߣ
ʵүңҪ̸һġ


1381 
Ե
⣿
ҶıЩŹ֣漴ƺ뵽ʲôһ㣬Ȼĳٴε˺˼Ȼӿ˹ȥ֮еĽ䱸ͷ·ڿһå
౦Ƥε֮񣬾˺ﳬκ˵󣬵ȴû뵽ҶʱоȻץ뷨
ҶǸ
Ҳʲô񰡡ǸǸӷ𰡣
ݺݵǹŹֵԣ౦ǿеĽԼеŭѹ
ʵܼ򵥵ģүڿϡ
ž
Ҷ켱æһԼĳۣĽе
ӣСүϲ˵ģ㲻Ҫʲô뷨
౦Ķͷϣǽһ¶̲סƺݺݵػӶһµ档
䡭
澹Ȼıâ貣ⷽԲķΧ֮У涼ڲ֮У𾪵̬֮УΧһг׵ı˸

ＱٵĴϢһ֮󣬶౦ɫƽ
үҪһʽס
Ҷüͷ
ҺڵĻڵ൱죬˵ǺҺĻѵ˵Ͳ±˷֮󣬳Ϊڵͽ𣿡
౦Ƿʷʵ¶˺ǵȻЦݣ
Ȼһ˵һһİյģϾ˵ĻүҲȤүȤǱѾ֮еıȫԼУһֶôܰ
౦˫Ŀ·ڸоĳһ㣬̬ǷӣʵҶһַëĸо
㾹ȻҲԳΪڵһ
ҶʵЩܲһ
౦˫Ŀ΢΢һɫâ˸ϣǲɣѵõ¶˿˿Ϣ
ȻڣүҵҲǺϿɵģ˵Ļүһ䱦ղؼңڵ飬үĲ⣬˵֮гˡزǧ塷飬үŲءߺߣǵزؿǷүż񡭡
˵֮󣬶౦Ƿʷʵ˫Ŀ֮УԵĿʼ˵ǰ¹âֹâҶϤԵֻǰЩ׷ǵļһǲŻ˵
ڳһ̥ҲҶ൱Ҳһ£Ͼ˵ĸ֮ʱ˵౦֮ƺûжٵìܿԡ
ûνı
Ҷε˵
ͷɷƣҶȻŲٵıõ䱦ҶȴԵĲѡ˵ġ
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౦мһһС۾ٴεĳҶ쿴˹ȥҶ쿴ĺԷ˫Ŀ֮УԵĿʼ˵ĺۼһȦȦĲƣƺǴ˿˿ǳ貹⻪
һֱĸоҶȻĶ
ߡ
һߣ֮ϵѪʼȻıŷ
䡭
Ϊ͵ģҶھһδεĥ֮󣬴ʱѾһµĲΣѪĿֲʢϢʱ棬ԲĹ⻪ʼУػ
Ȼͼү𣿡
౦ǷʷʵϣЦٴεĳ֣һεȴûѡֱӵĽԼ˫Ŀļ

ϵĹ⻪ѣҶֱĸоٴεĸ˳

кݺݵһҶȻ֪ǰĶ౦һ࣬ȴҲ֪һޣ֮УΪҲΪ̰ģԼصЩ䱦ر£˵ãһҲȥѡֵġ
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ۡ
ü֮У֮ѸٵĹһӤ
ʥӤٵĴҶü֮бڶԦ̫ʮѪһɴ۰ϣȻɢС΢΢ĻӶʱһĿ¹âʼΧҶΧ

౦һĲԵһ׻Чϵļⶼڿʼ鴤ޱߵѹ֮У˳ŶԷϵľʼߡ
忪ʼٵҡ·Ǻһ㣬Ųҡ
ŵŵš
ֱӵĵʮǿֹͣȴѾ¶˾ɫǶ¸ϣ
үۣ֮ǿѰұĸκεıﶼûа취ѷү׷٣κһλޣǽԼ䱦صջүҲȥѰҵʲôʲôүĿ޾ıҪ۳ΪҺˣȴһĪĵֿס˷үۣ֮
˵ʱ౦˫ĿȵĹ⻪ʱʼ÷
Ҷһ϶ʱĿʼ䱸
ľѧʼԺ֮и֡
Ű˲ͼҶ֮Բȥʩչԭڣһ־ԵĸоŰ˲ͼֻһĳôļ򵥣һԼй¶˶ԷϢǿ»˲һֵע⡣
Ҷȴע⣬һΣ˵õģԼҪȥʩչˡ
Լӵеľѧ֪ûеڶ˿ʩչ
үȻĺܣΪүԸо̲صٺٺ١
˵ʱ򣬶౦ǷʴƲϵ໥Ħţһ۾Ҳ¶˵âڴޱȡ
Ҳ롭
Ҷһʱһע⣬ȴԴǵĽе
Ϊʲô
౦̲סĽе
һ漴һ壬ʱһ䱦ʼϣ·СһĿʼ
ž
౦һɫ⣬һ⣬ɫĻƵ̣иӡǣķ˸죬ڲ·ˮ𽥵ʣеصĺܣǿĺܡ
ǲҪȥҶȴҲ֪һµıֵǣ
һرдſµıڲǿĺܣǼȡеĻΪһһǧġ
˵ģٴεһ̨һֱ̨ɫ黤壬˸ĻĽӴҶоԼһı̨ʼ
⻹ǽȥоȻĿḶ́±ġ
Ƿ̨ǿߵӡǺԼľǷүƴŴһλڵϼһģϲĻҲߡ
һ
һɫ񽣣һ۵˵
֮ǹʱڵ񽣣ǿߺѪ
ЩЩȫԸ㣬ôǾѧүΣ
౦ԵĶҶ֮ʽ൱⣬Ǵѵ˼¡
ոЩһȻүղصıﶼҪãˡˡ
ڶ߻죬һѾʼ׵ץˡ
Ҫ
Ҷ¶صĻߣĿ˵
ʲô
౦޷ŵĿҶ죬ȫǾ㵣
Ȼˡ˵ģǿ̸һ⡭
ҶٴεĸֳһĨصЦݣĿ˵


1382 ɱ¾
ڷ󣡺̹ǣ
ʱħ֮ƺǱñӿֲ
ﾭ˳һµʱ֮ħ֮ڵĿʼоԼĵϳôԪǿߣħ֮˹ڿԼ֮ϣħﾹȻڱ˻ɱŭ⿪ʼȻıŷ
һĺγžʼΧйϡ
ʵʣԽӴħ޶ᱻ
ЩǾΪСǣֻԵĽӴᱻ⺮׵ϯ漴£漴ѳΪޣΪϸ΢ı˪
һ޴ĸԭ֮ϣһˣš
һˣʮˣҫĹͷڽڵӵݡ
һʮˣ׷ɱҶʮλڻ
󣬺ȴûа취ǵγ˿ĺۼĽâ˫漴ڽâ֮УЩ·ǴѩһģǿеĴڻˡ
ޡ
һλӣ̲ס³һڿˮ漴ľȻһ̣ݺݵش̴˵档
̲סüͷ
ĻԽնҪӦħһҪӦǿĺ˵СӣĿԻ𣿡
ģϲһڴ
ҪԷ
Ǹ֣ȻնɱǵһλʦܣⲻˡһССĴͨΪС˵ķǴȥĻڵڣ
Сӱ
һ˽ӻ˵
˵ϴŵ˺ۣۼ֮ϣĿѪ䶯ЩѪ⣬ͷŽɫĹâ·˵Ǳǻƽںϵһ㡣
ҵĲεȵǿ󣬺֣Ȼһ飡
ߡСӾԵˣֻһﵽʲôŵģڵȻܴ󣬵ȴҲżϵǿţ޷ǵģ˵Ϊ˶ž󻼣СһҪĳףһ֣ԵĲܹ飡
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ʮ˵ɫ䣬˲ĸоԼĺɣɫҰף޷ŵĿһУסĽ
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֣һɫսھ֮ϣʥĵеȨȣȻ趯ǧսʿѹһز񷣡
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һλ̲סһڿˮ̲סĽе
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ǹϵ֥ŵİ㹻Ŀ޵˲ĳΪܣΪؼڣһһҩ
ʱѾٳˣԽ˼ʮϰٸԪѰҵ˾޴

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1383 ֻߣѪ
һɽƣɫ˸˿˿׵У·һħһ㣬ϵڼȡΧԪ
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ĺɫȪˮϵĴµĲڰ̬й˼£һĪѹ
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һӰֱӵıȭͷ˵֮¡
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ң
оΧʼ˿µĸı䣬һ̲סŭ
Ͻâ貣ʱһ޴Ľɫʼֳ
һɫĻ󣬴ŴȱѪĲݻ֮УޱߵĽⷢ˳Ĺ⻪һ޴ġdӡǣ·ǿٵصӡһ㣬ݺݵسһȥ
ߡ
һߴ
ʱһֻҲ漴չ
޴ƣԵһ֮֡
ɣͬһµɽһ㣬ݺݵѹֲϢ˱Ϣ˾˵̬һλϵҲᱻǿеѹġ

ǳ֮˵ĺȵ⻬Դ棬һĨơ
dӡǣǵذĳϷһ޴Ĳˡ
صϢ㹻κεһΪ֮ɫ䡣
ɢĿֲΧļˣʱϱ䣬̲סľ

ݺݵײһ𣬵ȴ˷·ҶѵĲϵĹ⻪ʼϵĹâ̵ܣܳΪǽһƬ
ۡ
һѪ̲סĴʱġdӡǣһ˸ٴεıȭͷɱΪĩ
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ÿµȭÿµȭ⣬ǷүΪ͵ȭˡ
ҶûĿһӣ̲סıӵ
Ҳ˼˵ǹ֮УЩһ˭֪㻹ǸͻΧҷֵļʱ˵ãǸء
˵ʱҶٴε̲ס¶˱ӵɫ
ҶıӣӵƤĺ񣬵ȴҲ̲ס¶ڨڨЦݣ
ֻһʧ󰡣үҲģýնɱˣȥչ㣬˭֪ѡʱȥ谡
ʱҶϣһƵѪʼ·ǹ⻤һ㣬Уһɺ֮д˿˿Ľâ֮䣬һԪ֮ϵϢǿʼޱƳͿֲ
ȻҶڵʵٴε˲١
ǰڻҶҲ¶˿˿ɷʮλıͶ౦ɱˣʮˣѾȫ˷裬Ҷ֮С
裬ڵصĴڣҲ;Ľ壬һĻԵĿǴǿ޳ΪӣһֲڷϵһֶΡ
ʮ첻ǿߵķ裬εȵľ˰㾹Ȼȥ
Ҷ̬౦Ҳŵġ
ǿķ裬񫰡
ҶԼ촽˵
ʮڻķ裬νһҩҶȥһ𣬱޷
ΪҶǿᣬ»˵ĻʵεǿᣬȴҲûð취㶨һеġ
ǿȻҲҶľ翪ʼ
ϵʱѾﵽһޣҶоԼٴεĻҪӵӴ󣬶⾳ϣʱȻǴͨ۷ľ硣
߲ݻ˰˰֮ĳ̶ȣٴεݻ뵽ʮεĿµز
࣡
΢΢죬ҶЩĿʣµˣĿ˵
ʮ裬ǻ˳˵Ļ˵ãͻƵ˴첻𾳵ĵزˣκζ˵ȴֻǽ뵽˴ͨΪʵЩð
һԵĶ౦ԭЦݵϣȻһɬ漴ĶҶݺݵؿ˹ȥǱ飬εȵĿֲԵĻǺ뽫֪ôĳСӲڵϣݺݵ߼š
һӽ뵽˰ľ磬ĽΪһǴͨľ磬ǳˣҲҪٰʮʱɣѾľȻ֪㡣
Ƕ౦ӵ֪ѾĿǸոյĽõģٶȣȻ㲻Ͼ󣬵ȴʷҲبźˡ
֪㰡
λڻ̲סĳ鴤һԼǣǰҶ죬ǵ̲סĽе
ү
޳ܣʲô޳ܣһֱڵĵӱǸһȣǿǵӴ󣬶ΪڻǸǱһҪǿĶ࣬λϺҫϣǿԱġ
ȴû뵽ȻгһջҶ޳ܵļһ
ǵĸѾľȻ˲Ʒһȥ


ˡ
౦ΪŰһ֪Ļ㽫Ϊ׷ɱĶǱزص³Ҫҡ
һλڻĿ˵˵Ѿ˸˵ģЩĵ֮ϣʱ̵תݣһȴԵЩǱ
鲻
ڸү˵𣿡
౦ƺȻӦ˹һ㣬ʵ
԰ףڻƵѪһ˫Ŀ·ҪһĿŶ౦Ŀ˵
౦СԵħߣΪɳ֮죬ֻħЩŻӵУҪпֶβſʩչѲɣںڻüĻ㽫ޱߵΪڵ棡
౦˫Ŀ΢΢漴ĶŴ˻¶һĨЦݣ
첻𾳰ֶΡңϻһֵϣⲻһ˿ӵеϢһλڵֻߣӦѾһ˿Ѫ˰ɣ
Ѫ
Ҷ΢΢һ
֣ȴ⻤ɫʱһ䣬ĺ
֣
ҲȻ֪Ѿǵƿأֻܹǿĳѹ
ѪֻߣǺ֮ܵСӣһɵúúõĲҡ
˵ʱ˫Ŀ֮УȻļ貵âϵı


1384 Ѫ
ֻߡô֪ҵݣ
ǻɫ䲻ֹ̲סĽ
־ı飬УǶڶ౦˵Ļ൱⡣
ʲôʵȻ㹻ǿǺǿ󣬵ڷүǰһжٵģ㼴صεȴҲ޷ԼıӲӵķѪѾһǿˣһεķѪ㹻Ĳƥֻǲ֪ϵŶٵķѪڵֻߣѾһĴܣֻѪͳſӵʸ㡭ˣ
Ҷ˫Ŀ΢΢漴ɺ˶ԷȻ֪νֻߺͷѪǴʲôǴӶ౦֮УȴоԵһöĻҲԷ˵⡣
ܺãܺãȻ֪ҵݣȻҲ˵ķ౦ںڵӽа壬һ鱩¶һж飬ڣҲᱻ׵ľΪˣ
ǻϴɫŶ౦Ŀ˵
ɱ
Էȴĺ
үϲӡɣսɣ
ⱦγһԲӡǣ౦ĽٴεĻһصʥۣת˼֮ﵽЧ
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ɲǿֵˣʱﵽ˴ͨľ֮ѾԾԾԵĺˣٽһ첻𾳰ǿնɱõķ裬Ϊ϶ٴεıŷ͵ĵز
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һħߵӡߣʱﵽ˰˰֮ĵزٶȾ˵ĺܡ
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Ӱ˸˵ʵΪǿһλѾ౦סˣ˵ʵҲֻڴ첻¸
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һɫĻʼԷ¶ɫ
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޴Ľɫ󣬷·һư˫ȭޱߵĽɫâȻĳΧ趯
޴ǿռ䶼˺ѳһ糤Ӱķ϶
ֶΣԴ첻ľЧѰǿ߶ҪǿһЩ֮Уһǿˡ
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ǻ̲סķŭ֮޴Ľɫǻ費ϡ
Ҷȴ·ǹһ㣬ٶȿľˡ

һֻצȻ˺գһץס˶ԷĻ
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צӲ˺˶Էķ⻤㵺޷ŵ֮Уצ׵˺塣

ʵĺݳҶȴû˿⣬Ц֮Уһƽһķߡ
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ǿ˸漴ĳʼȥ
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˵һĽӲӰ趯񽣻߳ǹȭͷԥĽѾ׵ʧȥսʶļһĴ顣

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໥ĽϣΪǿģߵ־ȴƫƫľɢˣȻҶʡȥ˲С鷳㽫䳹׵ѹˡ
ٴεĵõĵ裬Ҷ¶˿ĵɫ
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౦һ˦漴ݻΪ޾޴ӡɫĴӡƺƵ̲޾ѹΪǿһλʱԷǷʷʵӡѹ˲Ľ峹׵ѹƳΪһ̲⡣
΢΢һʱһŲȭͷСĽɫ⻪Ư
⻪ΧŷԵһֶ̬С
౦¶һĨĽ֮ɫ漴ӸҶ죬ε˵
үľ磬ò⡭
ģԵǶҶΪĽ
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Ҷüͷ΢΢һ˵
ѪɫķѪٺ٣ǺöֻЩϵϹϲŻӵУһǰԵһ˲õȻ޷ͷүȽϣȴҲǴ֮еĺǿƵ޷һĥѣѡٴε뵽˵ڶ֮УЩ˵ϣѪҪѪǱ趼Ҫºͺ֮һҪԱȵĻͺڵľһǸӵҪⶫĳ̶˵Ҫ̫ˣλڵ֮УĻһӵзѪˡ
˵ʱ̲סٴζҶһĽʺ޵ı飺
ү˺һҪ˵Ŀ
˵ʱϣʱø
ţҵʵٴεٵģһκ졭
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Уɣһηүͱ˴©ˣҿĽЩ˳׵նɱˣĻүһ֧ڣĻ˵ıģһȺڵ˵үɱ˾ɱˣͿЩڲˬĺˡ
˵ģ˫ĿٴεĳҶ쿴˹ȥ
Ҷ΢΢һ漴ĶЦ˵
İɣһǾѧģ㿴ΪΣգѪҲ൱鷳ԻҪ鷳һˡ
౦üͷ̲סĽе
ιιι㻹ҪѲ÷үػ㵽ħ֮ɣ
Ҷİ˰˵
ȻȻˣҵ˼ǣҪǣѪͷأһһΣ
뷨Ҷ첢żȻ뵽ģڵѾоһεħ֮֮УǼ򵥵ĻɱħޣƺǴĳֹ죬ǹ죬ΣҶ첻òѡʱѡͻƣһʵδ֪ȴǿĶ౦Ҷ쵹Ҳֵ֡
Ӻ𵱳˵ģһεĴͣŴƿֽţһ㣬ҪõһĳϣֻҪץסҾͿҵĳ֮ˣĵӣܹôװ׵ˡ
뵽˫Ŀɺøӷ
ðɣðɣүǷģϽİɣ￪Ļ᲻ϣүüѰıء
౦εĵͷ˵


1385 ͻƣ
Ҷɫ𽥵Ŀʼ
΢ʱڸĹ󷨣ʼܱ߷Բǧ׵ķΧ֮С
һ棬ΪԷһһ㣬ΪҪ౦һ֪Է̫飬˵ΪԷһСĵĺá
еļĵǲȭͷСķѪҶ漴һĽ뵽Լ֮С
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һֲֿ˼µĲѸٵĳ忪ʼӿ
ЩͷѪÿһֶЩ첻𾳵ǿߣȻĶ֣ھϺ棬ȴѹһ
һΣɵôҲҶĳܵصĿ飡
Сӡһ̬ĹôķһŷѪǷүңҲҪ˼һģǺãȥɲҪ˰үҪľѧء
Ҷӣ౦̲סĽ
ʱҶܹõĻǾԵĻ̱𣬺ݺݵظѾһȭʱûˡ
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͡
Ľâ·֩˿һ㣬ʼĳ뵽УҶĺ֮䣬ʼߣٶȻڲϵš
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ɲҶҪģ

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һеһУҪʱ䣬ûʱ䡣
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֮Уһʥ̫ӡǻת˫ٴεĳ֣޾Ŀռ֮Уʼߡ

֮дɬĲȻЩǿĳ̶ȺӴڵȥڶʱ֮ġ
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ƺƵ֮УԲĿռ䣬ʼǿе˹һʱ䣬ӿǿ߿ʼ߿˹


1386 Σ
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׵糤Ĺ⻪ʼ˸ϣĿռ·һһ㣬ҶΧԦӡǡ
Щӡǻ߻̬ݻΪ滨ݣ߳ƶɽ
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µļһȻľ˶ݵʱУͻƵ˴ͨľ磬ǷүۼĻ޷Ĵļһ
νţ౦٣ٵʱڱһλżļһ֮УȱҲһˡ
ЩǰҶȽϣȴ̫ˡ
ҩ챦ȷʵǿͻƾ磬ڶʱ֮ڴﵽһĵزЩȴΪι̵ֶΣҪһĽչȥţǵõ˳ǵķ֣õǿߵĳǾԵҲҺҶǿеȥԷͷѪԼ
һ棬ǿر֧ԼʵⲢȻԶʱ֮ڴﵽһ˵ĵزϧǣԺĳɳ֮УȴԵĻܵƣԼԺ֮·øߡ
Ϊһ㣬˵Щǿرһ̶ϣؼҪһЩ
һǰ׳գǷүƽģôѵͲ¶Ժĳǿ谭𣿡
Ҷ棬ٴεıһǿĲ֮󣬶౦̲סֹ
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ֻҶϣۻƽʥƺѾﵽĳּһ㣬ƬҲ΢΢ľ𣬵ĺۼԵһֹѵĺۼ
һ˿˿ѪѾʼɺԣγһɫĹϵȻΪ߱ѹƣʹҶٶȿʼǿΪãҶܵѹҲļǼˣҶܵĥѻǴŵġ
ҪＫ𣿡
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ЩӵзѪڵӣ󲿷ֵĶһЩϹＶģʣµģԺֻ֮ߣǵıȻǿΪ֧֡
СӣҪȥүľѧء
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εǿ󣬵ǴڲϿʼĻȴҲǲǰ㼫µġ
ʹĴ̼£Ҷ꼱ٵĻһ޴ĻݺݵĳŶԷӭȥ
ССϣҲ֮Ѫͱ죬˭ҲȲ㣡
ɫĴĺʥϢڴ˵ĳ֣Ȼչ֣һѳҶ껯ȥ
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Ҷ껯ڶԷĽ֮£Ȼû˿ԷĻᣬֱӵıԷһĸˡ
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һ޴Ļ꽣ɣ漴ݻΪǧٵİΧס˶Է塣
һʵǷĲҶĳ֡
ۻ裬˲֮У㽫䳹׵˺ѵˡ
Ļ쵰
оԼž޴ƻҶ̲סŭ
Ϣʲô
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֮飬ΪʲôԶ˿µ
Էһ˫Ȼ˸ϴ̰ޱȵɫҶ쿴˹ȥ
ʵǿ죬һ۱㿴ľĲ֮
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1387 ݺ
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޴𶯿ʼϯҶ嵱սһ㣬ѸٵĽңʥʥʥ֡ʥ֮
ҶʱѾѪǿƻҪ˵ˣһҲûȥġ
ǿĽΧһг׵ľɣҶɫ䣬ʼıŷ
ݻ񽣲ϵ赲ŶԷ
һУȴ˿ûиٵĺôǾ޴Ľ·һսһ㣬֮һе谭Ȼκεĺֻֿܹһ˿Ĳ
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ˡ
ľԵĸо˶ԷĴڣһ֮УϿʼһ㵭ʼ塣
ȻķȻǺñҹɡ
֮УЩļһ޴ĽɫǾĽϣȻ˱ϵһȴҲֻΪܹһ̶ϽԼĺչ˺ãȴû뵽ǣʧȥԼһѪ֮󣬾Ȼ챦

ٴεĳ֡
һ㻷Ƶôа취ֹסĽ˲ı˺ѡ
Ҷ˫Ŀ̲סı÷
εȵ˿ӵ飬ľ˵ʧĻǶ˵һĪѣпܻԺ֮УܵӾ޴谭
֮УҶȴΪԷǿѾƿأԽ
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֮Ÿ࣬ſµҶڿʼʱ򣬱϶˸֮ļֵǶԷȴ޷ľɵƿ
ҲʹҶѾ𽥵ȴĴڣǾڸղţǸ֮˳ȴٴεҶٴεĻˣĿֲ

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תʱ޾ҩľ֮ʼƺƵĴݶҽһлΪ׵뵽Ҷ֮С
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ԭѾҪˣȴû뵽ǣҶͻȻĳһɻɫȻһи׵Ťת
һǿĸ֮⵽ǺεȵȻ㾪˵Ч
˵ģ˫ĿٴεĳҶ쿴˹ȥʧȥǷѪϵ֣ҶǱٱȴҲǵõѸٵ޲
ֻǶݵʱѣҶָ߳ɵĵزҸղŵսһֵĺ£Ҷڲøӵǿ
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иƺħĴݲ֮
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͡
â͵ĳ֣һ˿޷ڸǵı


1388 벽
ͷ·һһ㣬ֱ뵽ҶǿĲ̲סĿʼ˵ƣΪҶʵˣۺ˼£Ӵ֮һֱػУˣԵĻᱻǿе飬ΪһƬ޵ġ
ǾˣҶ˺Ҳ൱֮ģһͼͻ˵ΪµıǱ˴ϡ
޵ͻƣһֿĺ£һ뵽״̬Ҫȫȫȥػ̣Եŷ紵ݶܵܵصĴˣӶΣԼ壬ˣ䣬Щһ֣Լ˵ľ޷õͻơ
ҶȻǿᣬȻİôһУȴҲ޷ܵġ
˫Ŀɺ˸ҶϼⶼʼŤǶ౦ɫҲǺѿ
ԭήı飬ʱѾʼ쳣
Ǵ˿˿ŭ⡣
˭Ƕ౦Ϊһֱĺܣĵλʵһָ֮߰߰£ȻκεһȥӰ쵽Լ
ҶȥػǱǿʵ
ڣԷȴԼ棬ʩչУⲻϣݺݵشһǶ⣬žž졣
εܹģ
ܡ
ûеȵǶ౦עٴεļҶȴѾǰԼļһ
ָӲģ֮ϣȻĻһۼ
עʱ֮Уٵγһµѷ죬һѷĻ˲Ĵﵽһʵʡ
ĵĺɫѺۣ·һֻħһ㣬ڲϵЦ
ҶȴһУֵı㽫ԼļУٵĽעԼ֮ϡ
ֻצץȡ
ѷ
䡭
ָצĹһµ磬漴ݻ˼֮󣬿ʼǿеı

ǺɫѷȻĴݳһɾ˵漴һ·Ƕħһ㣬ΧȻ̼һɨ⣬ѸٵıһµҶĴѷײһ
ռ򣡡
Ҷɫ䣬зŭȣϹâ˸һӱסһƬռ䡣
ǡ
һȵݶ
ҶεܹһᣬռҶĴ£ʼԽĴȻתҲ漴ıþǿᡣ
һֹȥ֮ѸٵĳһɬΧһжʼ쳣

ﵭĺȵ
౦˫Ŀ΢΢һƺ뵽ʲôһ㣬ڿҶ֮жʼһĨ֮ɫ

·Ӧһ㣬һطʼԲǧ׵Ŀռ䣬漴쵽ʼı
ߡ
һƺߴȻɫѷ֮еĴڣѾܵ˲С˺
ҶʱŭⲻûмԽĿ񱩡
ߵ𣿡
ƻӶһɫĴӡȻֱӵĴ뵽ѷѸٵĹעϵҫ֮ݺݵطй
Ǿ޴Ľɫӡ·һֲĽɫһ㣬ϵȥҡͷβ֮УѾеĿռ䳹׵˺ɡ
̫
ԷȻҲҶٶ㶨зŭѡ
̫𣿡
ҶЦһ
ռ򡭡
ٴεĶһƬգǽɫĴӡֱӵĽԼҪ׽Ĵڣݺݵ˳
һȻ㡭
һֵӰӣȻӰЩģȥҲԿһԵһӡ
Ҷ졭û뵽㾹Ȼ˱󣬿ҾӦɱģ㣬һ
Ҷ¶˱ɫĳŶԷȥ
һĶĳ̶ȣ԰
һͻƵĻʧˣҶεܹסûг׵ѾǺܺõĿˡ
Ϊ洫ӣȻҲʩչ˲ҪֶΣ֪鱻֪ĻǺεȵı顭
һ˫Ŀ
Ҷ졭ʵȷʵ˺ܶ࣬ȴûʸͱа壬ҪҲӦģһССϣҪҽа𣿡
˵ģһѾ˵ӨӨ֮⣬һĹâźڰâˮľȵĲ
ħ𣿡
౦˵
ߡҪ뿪ʱĶԣץסңΣ
˵䣬һϹ⻪ʢȻͬһ㣬âסȫЩػ
һܵЩȫ
𣿡
ҶϷ˿˿Ĺ䣺
Ҫ뿪ǡȴ뾭ҵͬ⣡
ռ֮Ѹٵķʱһһж޲ܵơ
һӰӣҶȻ֪һı壬˵һ뿪ĻҶŭӵĿֲǾԵҪһһѵ

оԼķǿеĿסˣһʱ³ݺݵسҶϿʼ˹ȥ
ꡪ
Ҷĺȵ
ʱü֮У֮۴󿪡
ǧ֮ݺݵسŶԷȥ

ⱾһһѣҲֻбһһںҶаϵǿԵ
ǧ֮·ΪϬһ㣬˶Է˿ûԥٴεסһ壺
֮һǿҵĲϵһֻһʼѡ
䡭
ڿռ֮ļӳ£һû˿ĵֱֿӵıҶ˺ѳΪƬ
Ҷ˫Ŀ΢΢ϻ˿˿᣺
ͲһˣӿЩ鷳ˣһ뵽ͻƵĳ̶ȣҪѡͻƣһϻǿжϵĻԺҪȥĻԵҪҪǿǧٱʱ;ˡ
˵ʱҶϾŭɱ⡣
ڵȻһĶ֣ȴҲ̲סһһ޷ڸǵ
ȷʵЩ鷳ˣʵʣһԴﵽµľģֻʱԵӺѡ
౦ЩڨڨЦ
һΣĻȷʵе⡣
ȻһС˹ž찡
ߡ
Ҷĺһʾ˲
ٺٺ٣Сӣֵܣ㿴үڣҲǳ˲ǣһһ⣬ңѾ뵽˰벽ľˣһֻУֻҪŬһԴﵽҪľġ
߻ڽʱһƬͬδĿռ֮УһӰߡ
ߡ
ͻأģΪ׵һˣ﷢һƺ
ž
ȻĶֹˡ
Ҷ졭㾹Ȼҷϵҵķ
ĳ֡


1389 
벽𡭡ֻǰ벽ĳ̶ȡ
Ҷ̲סĿЦ
ڵȻų˳ٶȺʵȴĲΪĴ첻𾳵ǿȽϣھҪʮǧ
ͺͬһϷڼһ£ϣһͼİװһλʷʫ񻰱ȫһΡ
֮ٴεѵʮεľ磬ʮΣ˵뵽˴Ĳ𾳣ٿԴﵽʮεЧҵ߲ڳĽ뵽һǧ֮Чٶ㹻ĳͬ޵ĵزɱ֮ءЧͿӵЩ첻𾳵ǿˣǴ첻𾳵İǿҲӲӲʵΨһˬıǣ˴첻𾳾ǿҲһЩԱϣһǿ߶ԿĻûһ˿ĶԿ
뵽һҶ̼ľҪˡ
һԼ֮ĳޣѾ޷ìܿˡ
һħ֮֮Уǿ϶ģһΣǾԵĲ˿Ļġ
Ǽһʶ
౦˫Ŀ֮¶֮ɫ˵
ҵͬһŵʦ֣˵ŲСìܡ
౦ĵ˵ͷ
ܺãСӣȻڷүǰķǶŷүһ⣬ܺðıһүҲԸоС군ˣүûб˵ɨ棬һΣˣֻҪ÷үһҪеıһ
Ŷ౦Ӻ̬Ҷ첻ְϲ˵һ֪ԼľٶȻǵһǿߵĻ֪ǲǻѪĳ嶯
Ҫ
Ҷָ΢΢һڸ౦
Ȼ˵ûн뵽첻𾳵ľ磬˵౦Ҳ٣ҶɲԶ֮ˣȻҲѡ˽ڸ
ٺ١Сӽףȷʵ´ΣǼĽס
౦Ŀ죬ߵҲ졣
ڵõԼҪĶ֮󣬱ֱӵѡ뿪һƨȥһ
Ҳ
Ҷ̲סıһѾģħ֮֮Уǵһγ֣౦϶ǵһˣҶ컹кöȥһ˭֪һﾹȻܵô졣

΢΢ĳһ֮ҶЦޱȵվ
ŵϣǻѪĵ棬ҶţܿıħϾڵӵѪʵ̫ˡ
仹ʵѪ⣬ÿһֶ·ǶƷһȻ
Ҷ˫Ŀ΢΢һ֮ٴεĳΧһȦ
İɫɫ棬ɻŵĽâĵطҲǲ֮ˡ
ϾǿޣԽԼ£ﵽǵĳ̶ȣҲǲܵġ

΢΢ĸ̾һҶвһֵꡣ
˵ǿ֮Ȼ㲻ǲĳ̶ȣֻҪǺȵȥɹһĻҲһ¡
ĳ̶ֳϣǿԲÿ̫ĶԹ
Ҷڴ顣
Ҷڵʵǿᣬ˵죬ȴҲǴԽˣĥٶ࣬ǹȴһҪˡ
һУԵĲҪô򵥡
ϹεϢ溵ʧ٣½ǣЩҪȥܵġ
УǻĹ֮Уˡ
뵽Լ֮еһŮҶҿ϶ǾԼˣȴԼˣҶ˫Ŀ΢΢
εģҶҪȥһΣҪǣҪǣΪʲôҪҶӵҳô࡭
Ϸһ˿ɬҶüͷٴεǿչ
ħ֮һΣҪٴεĽˡ
һâ˸ħ趯һֺݺݵ˺ѵһǿգٵĽλµħĽ顣
ʱҶΧѾо˵Ĳ
ǺڰĲֻħ޲Żӵ˵ĲȻǣһȺһҲᵽѪϢڳ߳
һѽ⼸кϵ֮ߣҶҲѡƮȻ뿪
ʱҶɱħ޺ħѾˣôħ꣬ҶĻȻһ˵ĳ̶ϣӺ˵ϣҶ췢ֵĻҲ٣ȻҲͶԻֵǺǿҡ
ƻӶҶ콫ЩʬȻ˵ǵˣȴҲǶ֣˵ԵʣҶ콫뵽˵֮¡
ƺһĲ
֮ת֮УҶоʲôһ㣬Ŀ˵
˦Ҷ֮ٴεת
µǧ֮ѸٵķʱΧĿռ䱻ǿе˺ѳΪһɼķĩ
һƬ޴ĸԭ޾ĺɫֲ΢紵ĽһƬĸԭγһƬ׶Ļ
Ϣ·Ķħ֮ʵһ㣬˵вһַĸо
𡭡
һŭ𣬰ſֲ֮һ޴ĺɫ޻źɫĿˮ񱩵ĳԼȥ
һޡ
ϵ˺ۣ·ǵеһ㣬Уһζ
ӹؼĻڣһͷƮһ۾УҲӵôϵʼÿ񱩷Ƿ
׹˸ֳΪһƬ߰ĺۼ
׳ֱۣ֮У·߰ڲ
񣡡
ԵҲһֻ޴ĺɫħֵϣһ˿漴ſȻһ֮󣬿ٵĽݺݵѹ
ֲ׵ʱ˾˵֮һ޴ʼֳ֣־޴֮Хһ˹ȥ

ֻһǽɫħ壬ȴѾǿеĴС
䡭
ǿҵϮʱħ忪ʼķѡ
žžž
һѹ
͡
һ˫ĿȻԴ˲俪ʼֳ
һɫ˫Ŀſµ׹˸
ɡ
ﵭĿ˵ƺΪΧûһӰ
𣿿ǵұˡ
ﻺĿ˵
ž
΢΢һƺסʲôһ㣬ʱһ޴֮Ȼγʵʿٵĳһɱ˹ȥ

׹貣ԷһоȻγһƬ޴ıƣԲǧ׵ķΧȫĳȵȼպͷ̬
ǺǡȻһﰡû뵽Ļţ
һˬʵĳ֣漴һɺӵǰһͷѩ΢΢趯ӵ϶ʱ¶˾ϲɫ
졭㣿


1390 
ǰ֮ˣҶ̲ס¶˿ĵЦݣղңңıоһɾ˵Ϣڳɢȴû뵽Ȼ￴ҹʮӰ⵹ҶΪľȺͿġ
ҹʮ죡
ҹս֮кҶĹϵõһһ
ħϿȵ֮УҶʧȥ˹ҹʮϢ˾ͷ·˼һ㣬ѶϢûУϢûдһ㡣
ҹʮ죬ѾģҾ֪û
һƵĴҹʮļϣҶЦ˵
ǱģһԽԽǿˣҲܾӼȥȻҪŬһˡ
ŶԷһµ˺ۣǲȥѯʣҶҲ֪һʱԵľһ޴ĥѣĥǿ·;ںԿ
ҵֱȻûдģôõʱ֮Уһɹģٺ٣ûаջط㡭
ҹʮҲ¶˿ûʵĿ֮ɫĿ˵
ħϿȣ㵽Ƿʲô飬ΪʲôѰóʱ䶼ûп㣬һΪˣʬ嶼ûء
Ҷüͷ˵
ȷʵǾһҹսĺĵӣǿҿֲҵǵĶ֣Լİˣѡ˶ԿȻģϣҲģںͺĵ֮䣬ǵĲ໹ޱȵԣҵʵС֮ΪԷȻǴǿˣ˲㱻ǿеѹҳһῪʼ񱼣ܡ
˵ʱҹʮ˫Ŀʼ˸˿˿ɫâƺٴε뵽һޱҵ
ΪҿҪʱû뵽ҵͻȻȻһͷһ֮У׷Ѱҵļһ˲ıƸ˺ˡ
Ȼҹʮ˵赭дҶȴҲóеճ̶ȣ²Լĥѡ
ħϿȴҲһĵطǽ֮Уҷ·ʱתһ㣬Ȼҵ׵ߵĴС
˵ʱҹʮ̲ס¶˼ɫ
׵ߣĴУ
Ҷı΢΢Ķݣ뵽ҹʮղŵǰǿֶΣٴεһĨȻ
õĴ֮ҿɵʩչǰǿľѧǿȥƿԼҪȴֻ֪ʱģڼʶ˶Էһּ֮УҲ֪ʲôǿӵеǵʵڶԷļ֮Уֻ϶ѣڵõ˴֮Ҳʹ˵ı͵뵽ʥ֮УΪеŵӡ
̶̵һ֮Ҳ漴һµĽʱ߶ԭʥʱڵĳ̶ˣڼʶϺ϶˳
ҹʮʵҲѾﵽ˴ͨľ磬Ȼ翴ȥˣսȴˡ
Ҳϵ˶Էܣ˵ҶҲȥѰ
Ҷ쿴ʱҹʮ͵õ˺ʴеƵģһսԽȥɱǿߡ
ܹҵ㣬ʵ̫ˣʱ䣬һΪĲڴ˵ء
ҹʮ쿪ĵ˵
ȷʵһ£һΣյĵطĶɱ¾ҺŵˣԼŵʦǣҲû˵ĺģܹһ̶ϣԼ鷳Ѿܺˡ
ҶЦ˵
ʱ䣬ҪһЩģ죬ҵĹ۲죬ħ֮ǲ򵥰ҲӦøоˣһ򶼲ѶõǿԪ򣬶⻹ΪҪģΪؼڣħʵ̫ˣ˳õʱˣճ˵ĻǿҲڲϵɱ֮ʧĲģ㿴ĶЩħ⿿
Ҷüͷ΢΢һͻȻ˸һ˼뷨
˼ǣħʵϣԼ
뷨ҲҶԺ֮һţȴҲûа취ɢ
ٺ٣ҿõĶ֣Ҫ˵ģҸоԵһֺƵĵطǾϿ޵ķֳ
Ͳ²ȫ£ҶԿ϶ҹʮһ֪˵ʲô
ʱ䣬㳬ΪĥԼʵҵսԼõĴУҲһżȻĻ£ҵһصĵطҲſ϶һ㣬ЩħǿԲϵķֳġ
Ҷû˵ȴҲڿ⡣
˵ȷ飿
ҶٴεĿʵ
Ѿȷ˴£һΣҿνǾһȻ˵ֻԵĽӴһ¶ѣȴҲĽˣǴ֮Ҳȥ׵ǶԷ
׵磬֮Уϵƻ֮ĳ̶ȾȻҲ˸о˵ѹĳǵطȷʵǲ򵥰
Ҷ϶ĵ˵ͷ
ȷʵ˰
˵֮ȻĿҶ¶˼ӣ̲סĿЦ
ѾĲǴаɣ
ҶЦ˵
ѵ˵㲻ٴεĽУȥ̽һ𣿡
Ҷı飬ҹʮҲ̲ס¶˿ĵЦݣ
ȻȻǶǷӡð⵹һ£˽ȥĻ˵ÿԴлĪĺôء
ڶȣԭʵ˵ǿȻոߵη塣
Ҷ֮ôĸȤҲȫǸоǱѰп϶Լ֪顣
ǸطҲͨϵ֪ģȻеļأײУļأֻ֡£
һ·ϣҹʮٴεĽԼ֪˵˳
£
Ҷüͷ΢΢
ӵ׭ּγ˿¶֣Ҹоĳַ·һ㣬־ݻ˼£ҿ֮󣬶ıѹ
˵ģóһӵĵɫҶ졣
ҶûоܾĴһϵ
Ȼһƥ˲ѹƶ·׼ħȻĴһ㡣

ѸٵĹѣҶ쳤趯ԣƺǾĪĿһ㡣
˵ǿ̬ˣ˲ı㱻ѹҹʮԵϵһ㣬Ҷӵ֮УѸٵӵԶԶġ
ߡ
Ҷһƺߣ粻һ㣬ȵվһɷ˿ĺͶԷһν档
ߵǰѸٵֹͣΧ֮ϣһɿµĺɫƶ俪ʼ֣еĩհ˸


1391 ǧСħ
䡭
޴ĹԳ𣬻ټǵһ㣬֮һȫסҶ壬ֻҪԵĶ޾סһ㡣
Ҷɫ糣˫Ŀ˵â˸
ǧСħ졭֮
һ֣滺˸ÿһֶɺɫĹ⻪·Ѫдһ
Щּûгְ
ҹʮ̲סʧе
һϵûΣȴҲŪ˳ɰǧˣȴûҵһּ

Ҷ΢΢ĵ˵ͷȴûȥ˵һ˫Ŀŵɺ컺ĳտȥϵĳڲϵ죬Ǿ˵ɱ֮·ǻһ㣬洹񽣰Ϣݺݵسȥ
٣
ѣ
Ҷָ΢ﻺĺȵ
ռȻķ
ķΧ֮Уһеȫƿ֮С

·һһ쳹ȻѸٵĽΧ׵˺ѳΪƬ
͡
Ȼķ裬ʱ֮л⣬ȻʼִҶĿռ
𣿡
ҶЦһ漴Ȼѹ
ʱ֮ϣһֻµѸٵĻ˿ѵذ̬Ȼץ˹ȥ
ž
޴ӡûи˿Ļᣬһץס֮ϵĿռٴεչֳ
ΧħްƣƺҶǰ׵˼¡
ž
ڵʧȥ˷֮ԺҶҲȵؽס˶Է
ӦһӡΪоҵΪǿһЩ˵Żᱻصˡ
Ҷж˵
ЩֻĲ²⣬Ͼڿʼʱ򣬽ӴһԺԼԵĸоԼһֵļ¶ɵĲ
֮ǿеѹס˶Էɣ˵ã֪֮ɶٲء

ָ΢΢һʱѾԵĸı䡣
ӵϢɼҶΧסԷΪоԼƺԵԽһ㡣
ǧСħ򡭡ΣաΣաȥȥ֮ɣ
һ仰ֳҹʮ˵ݲ࣬ȴûǧСħֵĳ֡
ǧСħȫû˵
ҶЦ˵
Ҳû˵
ҹʮص˵ͷߵȴ޲¶һɫȻֻһ仰ȴһ仰֮иоһִδֹѹ
ĸ֡
ɣ
ƺһսᣬһԤԣޱȵ档
һ֣ȻҪȥᣬҶ֮ȴĸоһּ֮У̲һ˲õΪһĴڣڵʱڡ
ǧСħѲɣħ֮֮صܲɣ
Ҷüͷ˵

ҹʮҲε˵
Ǻܿģȴ΢΢һ
ڵ㡭Ҫȥʶһ𣿡
Ҷ¶˿϶ɫ
ߣֻһѾĴԪΪʲôȥʶһң̲ſǿĴڣҲͲˡ
뵽ԼԽ첻𾳵ΪȴΪһԵʱĴˣҶֲˬĸо´Ҫͻƣ֪ʲôʱΪܹͻҶֻõȥѡһ
Ȼ˵ĻҲ㴳һǼģһջķĻҲǡ
˵֮УͻȻ䡭
⻪˸
ؼֳޱߵЩűȴֻһֱֻ۵Ĺ壬ֳ䵶սʿڷЦݵİ׹øžɫŮ
ЩӰ·Ϲŵսһ㣬һɱ֮漴ĲսʿޡޡѪȾһƬ޾ɱ¾֮ء
ֲϡȨƵ񽣣޷ǹ
һͷųޱߵѹ֣ҶѪʼ̲סȼսеսⶼʼͷŵ˼£޲ܹնɱս
𡭡
ŭһҶƺ̲סĿʼ
ʲôΪʲôͻȻķ˸ı䣿
ҹʮҲڱޱߵս⡣
ȥ
Ҷĺȵ
ߡ
˵䣬ߵٶȻļӿ졣
¡¡
ǵĺۼչֳȻҲѾǿ߸оĳ֣׷׵ĳ￪ʼ
䡭
һ޴ĺɫȻγɣһźɫ׵ӻֳ־޴ħ϶аĲе˼£һаɺ֮УѪĹâ
ֳħ͵Ļ
͡
ʱһڣԭ谵շ·һ̳׵ĳΪ˺ڰ硣
Ҷҹʮ춼Ǵǿߣ˿Ĳܹϵ谭һǰǶ̲סһ
͡
ѪʼɣʱȾ˲أ޷׷׵Ĳҽ䡭
ÿֲ󡭡
Ҷ΢΢ĸ̾һ
ݼţֻһζѣ漴ıʧˡ
һ̣𣬷·Ǻڰħһ㣬ߵһҡΣûеȵӦһ޷Ѿ
áռ򣡣
Ҷĺ
ϵĿռ֮ڿռ֮ĴѸٵչһץסҹʮļٵĴߡ
䡭
һ޴ɽһΣҶ춼ʩչѧһ֮УѾǿе
ҹʮӵĲãռ֮˲ıҶҹʮ߱ǿеľߡ
֪ȥ˶֮ߵǰŻĻָ

ΧһУҶ̲סһɡ
ʱ߾Ȼתۼ任λãﵽĺڰȼյɽʯι״ݹᾣȴſֲ˵
㿴
ҹʮͻȻָһ˵
Ҷüͷ΢΢ڶԷָ£һӰѾǵǰ
һˣҶЩϤΪһ¡
ǵٹ죬ƺʲô໥Ľһ֮󣬾ȻٵĳһŹֵĶѨȥֻҽѨСĶסˡ
Ѩ˵Ǹط
ҹʮͻȻķʲôƵģ̲סĽ
ѵ˵ǧСħڲɣ
Ҷ˫Ŀ΢΢һ漴֮ٵ˽ȥǺܿһɳѪɱ¾ϢȫĽ֮ʼ
ǿҶ̬̲סһߣ漴ж˺һ֮ϵ
в򵥡
ǾʱâȴѾҶһƬط
ֻԭغߣһЦЦɫڳǿ


1392 С
ƺǱ˰
ҹʮľ׽һ֪ӺδĿݲݻ˵

Ҷ΢΢ĿڴӦš
һɺǻ
͡
һһλ£ƻӶʱľ˳ߵһʯȻиΪѵʯͷ
Ȼֻϳ˾ȵĺܰ
֮ˣ˫ۻҲ֪ںԼߵͬ˵ڶҶֻ̬ıԿĳ
һͨΪҲǾĵزһλľ磬ȻҲܵȷʵΪľȣʵȥҲһʦɶٵ鷳ǣΪԷһɱĺá
һ˵Ц˵ϷһѪĻߣ̬·ᵽѪζһ㡣
첻ͰΪȻЩ鷳ȴҲǲɽģҵʵӦĻҪýſƷѡһλ
ҹʮ˿ûн֮ɫĿҶ죬Ŀ˵
ҶԴĿһҹʮ죬ʱ֣ԼСҹʮʵҹʮ쿴ڵõ׵Ĵ֮ԵĻ֪ǿֶΡ
һۿ˶Էʵɲһ˱õģϾ໥֮ĲɲС
ƺЩ֡
λԿĳ֮ˣʵﵽ˴첻𾳰ľ磬һ̶ϣȻԸоƺЩԾ
Ҷҹʮ֮ʵ̫Сˣ𾳶ûдﵽߵȴһ˿Ľ֮ɫûУ̸ЦĿǣ·߲ǿߣԼ˲һ㡣
ҵġ
Ҷ컺Ц
ԴӱһԼͻ֮бһӵĻòйõĸһȻҪĺͶԷúõ档
һˡ
ҹʮ̲ס¶˾ȵ
Ǻܿȴ˿ˣΪҶ˽⣬һŲѡȥûаյ飬˵ĵòʧˣǲѡֵġ
һˣս
˵֮λ첻ǿߣ˵ΪǿĺܣΪĹ죬һַ·̰ļ񲨶ڵõҶ϶֮ϴʱѾ̲ס¶һĨЦ
ǴԲѣһ˶ԸΪǿߣСӣҿǻζˡ
˵ĶߵĻЦ˵
ӵĻһҵˡ
ⲻΪԸҶ𾳶ûдﵽСȫĲҪķѶٵ
Ϣ糱ˮ㻺Ĺ漴ĻŶԷϵǿ˵·ǴһݻĲԽռ֮еһг׵˺ѵ
ҶϢû˿ĸı䣬ǷƵ̬·ûκθоһ㡣
һɺȴʱĸı俪ʼ΢΢
˵Ŀʼ˫·̲ĳ־캧صľ޴һ㡣
飡
㽩ֻ֣ǳʱ䣬Ѿȵĳˡ
źݺݵ̤˵ϣ漴һ޴ѷ쿪ʼγɡ
Ҷɫ䣬ѸٵĶ㿪һѺۣǾ޴ѷ·Ƕħһ㣬ڳҶ췢ӵЦݣҶڿնһ̣һɾ޴ȴݺݵسԴȥ
һֻ޴ƣΧĻۣƻ˴ӡ⻪˸ٶȷӭȥ
֮£ֻҪԵʩչҶͻ᳹׵ġ
һֻ̤˵棬һֳֻҶڿյʱ̿ʼȻĳֶ֣Σ㹻˵˴˵սͺĳ̶ȣ൱ԡ
ڸоԼԴϵľ޴ӡ֮Ҷȴû˿ĵǺͽţ͵һһֻɢŽâȭͷȴѾˡ
䡭
һȭɱ˶ԷĴӡϣ漴ıγɣʼɢޱߵǽΧƻ֮׵ƻΪ顣
ʦܣץʱ䣬ǸϽ뿪ղϵѾŵ˺ܶޣץʱĻҪ뿪Щѣһﱩ¶ƱػӰ쵽һʦֵĴ£ǿǵ鲻𡭡
վڶԷһǿߣĿ˵
˫ۻƺЩ
Ͼͽ
һλӵ˵һ˫ĿͬǶһ㣬ӡʼø
͡
Ҷ͵һ߲ʼʩչǧ֮εȵ׳ۣҶ˵ͷ·һһ㣬ѸٵչֳȭͷǺݺݵش˳ȥ

ǿҵıƲ·Ǳ򱬵ɽһ㣬Ȼı
ʲô
ԭڿֵӣɫȻĿ䣬޷ŵĽ
ͻȻĻУû뵽ںҶƴļһӵû뵽
ǵһͻȻ֮ҶǰĶ֣Ѿļ鴤
ޱߵľʹԵѾҶȭͷݺݵѹƵ֮С
ӿµǣʧȥ˶Էƿ֮һ޴ӡѾȫɢ˵Ƭ
һ
ҶƻȻȥ
˾㵵ı֮УѪ껩
һ찡
ҹʮ췴Ӧٶ죬ϾǴʶҶ쿪ʼĴ³ɳģҶֱ̬Ѿ˽ˣһ֮ڷϵ˶Էȴ޷ŵĺܡ
һʲôˣ
ӵ̲סĽ
ԼλʦܵʵȻ˵ԼĶ֣ԼȴҲûܹһ֮ڽĳ̶ȰֱҪˡ
˭
Ҷһ㶣Ǻܿȴ¶һĨɷĶŶԷЦ˵
ѵ˵ʦ֣
ʦ֣
ֻͬһŲŻֵĳνʱôٴεͫ׼ڣһɺ˲䣬忪ʼٵĲ
Ҷ죬Ҷ죡
ڵһ뵽Ҷݣһɺɫ۾ѩɫĳǺһйìܵҶ컹˭ء
㾹Ȼţ
ϻһ޷ŵɫȻޱȿµħ֮֮Уܹˣһǿ֮еǿߣҶֻһͨСȴԴȥ⿰һ漣
ǰһţһ൱ĺء
ҶЦ˵
˵䣬ȻǰС
쵰㻹ܹΣʵȽϲ̫ˣҪ׵ѹ㣬һʦ֪ĻҲǴһ
⻰ҹʮǰȴ̲סҡҡͷ̾һһ׳գҶڵʵֵôˣʵղŵǸһҪǿᣬȴܹı٣
Ҷû˵ֱӵʩչǰȥ
ǹȭ
һַֻ·ǳǹһ㣬˺ѵգȻĳҶϴ˹ȥ
ۼҶ쾹ȻҲܵĳԼǰ̲ס¶˵Цݣǹȭľѧ֮һ˺һеļӲ֮ǺͬһǿߣȴҲ޷Կ
ӲֱӵĽӴ
ǾȭͷӴҶһ˲䣬ɫȴüѿʧĽе
⡭ôܣ


1393 ֮ˮ
ôܣôܣ
ӵϼⶼڷŤ·Īʹһ㣬޷ŵӣǳһֵĴһѿ
ǹȭεȵǵõ˹ʱڵһѧĴУΪ˵õһȭսᵽ֣֮󣬲Ŵﵽ˽յΪ;硣
ǾǹȭҶɲ֮䣬ȻоԼȭͷͷ·Ǵһʯһ㣬ǿӲĵֿļⶼڳ鴤
ֻȻѾ˵죿
ҲţҲţ
ӵĺ
䡭
ǹȭٴεʩչһǹ·һ㣬ֱϣʱֱ۴׳˼£һɱղٴεı˳

޴·Ҫռ䶼׵Ĵһ㡣
Ҷ壬ȴɢŵĽɫâ·ǲսһ㣬˿ûȭͷ
ҹʮ쾪㵵֮еѾ˲ϵʩչٴΣֱϢң鴤˫ȭʱѾѪۣ׹ɼ
ҶޱĿȻû˿ı飬ʵϣȴΪĿĵģڴﵽ˰벽֣֮ԼǿѾʼı˳
ԷʵȻǿᣬǵ֮УȴӵԷĽ
һƵסȫ֮γ˾޴Ļ֮΢ʱâٴεĳ

һĴݶ
ɼıԿѾʼУ⻪˸ƺһ˿ϢҪΧĿռͬһ
䡭
ȻһȭӶԷʱ׵Ĵ˳ȥ

ֲľʹôˣڰ֮У㳹׵ı
Ҷָ΢΢һʱԷѾ
ҡ
ĽӶԷ֮зȻһҲ֪ҶͼҶǺεȵεĻܵв
ĳ̶ȣ޷谭ңοꡭ
ܵȴƥǶԼģҲǶԴ˵Ӻӡ
ۡ
ƻһʱһ걻Ҷ飬ȥ
СӣҼˣҲԸġ
Ҷ˺˶Է˲䣬Ȼоһ֮Уһ˿һ̣ҶȴѾ˶Է
Ȼſ˺ؼһﻹײа
Ҷε˵
ҹʮӵĿѾģ̲סкݺݵرӵ
Ϊײеˣɡ
Ҷؽ˵뵽Լ֮УŶԷļ䣬ǾʱһӰȴҶԺ֮һš
ž
Ȼķһ죬Ҷɫ˲쳣
һ
ҶＱٵĽе
漴ļӿ˶ƿء
һζεļ俪ʼԺ֮УЩ侹Ȼ໥Ͽģͺǵر˶ϲһ㣬кܶĵطӲϡ
ӵļ֮УҶ쿴һ˵ӰˣȻ溡
溶ôһ֮УϢϢôôϡ١
Ҷ𽥵ȥ
һȴɵ޲ȥάϵŶԷ꣬ȴûдҵ溵̫ѶϢ溣ȻһǸղΪļһʩչԼľѧ֮ͼԼƻȻҶ켰ʱƿϧǣһֵܵش𻵡
Щ˺ȫȽϣƺԵأȴҶʧȥԼҪѶϢ
졭
ҹʮҶļ
û¡
ǿеİסԼҪץĳ嶯Ҷ컺ؿ˵
漴ĽԷٴεһ飬վûκջ֮ε̾ϢһԼĵʧջأЦ˵
߰ɡ
Ȼ֪溣ΪʲôڶԷļ֮УȴҲһ£֤溻ţֻҪǸ㹻ʱ䣬ҶоԼһԽԷļ䳹׵˳ˣʱ˵ûָᷢ˿

ǰ
Ҷָ΢ɽѻ谭ﳹ׵漴ƮȻС
̤뵽е˲䣬Ҷҹʮߵ̲סĲ˼֣һǿҵĸоʼɣָоԣͷ·Լ뵽һĳ֮һ㡣
˵ļƤ񶼿ʼɡ
ôоϢԵɭɭģ·һ˫а۾ڲϵעء
ҹʮ̲ס˵
Ҳо
Ҷĵ˵ͷ˵
ⲽΧȻһƬȴ̽·
һ޲ոߵ֮ʵǿᣬٶҲļӿ

һ΢ײĴ
ʲô
Ҷüͷ΢΢һ
ҹʮϾҶľҪԵķḻһЩ˫Ŀ˲䣬Ѿж˳
ˮײ
ȴ໥Ķһ֮󣬶ʱӰȻĻ˳磬Զȥ
ҵһΣһεĸоһȫĲһ
ҹʮһǰһѸٵĳǰȥ
ܿ죬һ޴ĺǵǰ
˲䣬ߵ񶼿ʼ仯
沨˸Ϊз紵Ĳƺ٣ˮֳɫ忴ȥͷ·һ޴ľһ㣬ˣҶڿ֮ȴ̲ס¶˾ȵɫ
ôˣ㷢ʲô
ҹʮȻҶϵı仯
Ҷüͷ̲סĿ˵
ʵЩѵ˵ûз֣ĺˮɫħ֮֮Уһеɫ޲ǰɫͺɫΪǱħɫȴ峺ĺˣ·һˣ𣿡
ҹʮɫʱı仯
ʱҶȴͻȻһ˵ľٶ
ǵýȥҸоϢһˣʧˣΧҲû·ڣһҵĳ··ɣֻˡ
ҹʮͷʾͬ⡣
ͨ
˲ߵѾС
ܿһɱղűٱĺȻĽ뵽ΧҶǿƥȴҲһɿµĺⶳһ¡
ˮѵ˵֮ˮɣ
ҹʮ̲סĴ˵
֮ˮ
ҶҲ뵽˹֮ˮļ¼˵֮ˮֳ֮ΪˮеĺȻǲԶģûκε˵ˮ֮вκοʳõĲ
Ҳˣ˵ˮ㲻һ֮һЩҩȴҪˮΪӽд
оԴܵĸоҶ֮ˮжҲʼÿ϶
⣡
ǰһӵʱ֮ͻȻĿǰһƬĹĳ֡


1394 ټսħ
Сĵ㡭
Ҷ촫˵
֮ʼɢϵΧʼ̽ѰԵĴĳֽƣҶ֮Ȼ޷ȥӸѰҵԼҪģֻʮԪ֮󣬱㱻һصǿеĶϾˡ
ҵ֮׵ɨʮǷԲϰٹķΧȴûа취̽׵ķΧп϶򵥡
ԽǲѰĵطԽҪעⰲȫ
ҹʮû˵ȴص˵ͷʾס

ߵȻһԾѸٵĻˮȥ
͡
ˮ˺ѵ漴쳹ʱѾ䵽˵ϡ
ž
Ҷһ̤㣬û˿Ϣҹʮȴ·һɽѹȻȴž˵
ǿƺʱһ۱ԿĳҲһΪԷϵԭ
Ҷϣ̫ͣҹʮ죬׵֮ݺ˫ƻˡ
ߺĿΧĻǹǴﵽһһ޼ʵ̬֮УԭҶ󵽵ȫĲһΪӦһɽһĴڡ
ӵԵ൱Ĺ
ԾȫĲԾ
ҹʮ૵
ôˣﲻԾ
ҶٴεĽܿһۣʵ
ﵽԴĴڣɫʯɫˮһЩѵôڵֲﶼǵɫġ
Ȼ˵ɫĵطҲԵЩˣһȴ˵̲סĲһֺ⣬ƺΧĳֿµкһ㡣
ûĵطħҲûôడ
ҶüͷҹʮĻҶ첻Ҫȥɵġ
ﵽһУԵø䣬Ҷȴûиоʲôһĵط
Ҷ쾲ؿΧĻٴε뵽ĳֳ˼档
ĻȻ죬ȴʲô֮ǺȻһ磬ԵǲԾġ
Ҷ컹˼ʱ͵һŹֵʼǰγɡ
ƺǴĳĳһ㡣
Ĺ⻪˸иӵǿҵĲһֲһּаͷ·Ҫ˵峹׵ĸ˺ѵһ㣬˵ĲȻҲҶĸӦ൱
ϡ
һĦݶҶҹʮߵ΢໥һ֮Ѹٵǰȥ
һ·ϣǶûмˣǿۼһ˵Ľ룬ͻȻشıĦײԵڶԿġ

ȻĻһĽߵΧ
Χȴ㲻ʲôȻҲ򵥣ԵЩܣҶҹʮĻ֣ǼӦȴġ

ߴһƬʱһԵĸı俪ʼɡ
Ҷҹʮ漴¶˾֮ɫĿһУƺ̫ǵԤˡ
ˡ
Ķˣ
ЩϺѰû˿ĳ̶ֳȴ൱𣬱˵Ϣϣٱ˵棬Ǿͷ·һȺһվ
˿δ
һУҲħıֺ֮һ
㿴
ҹʮͻȻָһ˵
Ҷ춨ϸʱһľȣǸ֮УȻһûԴħߴͣĿ࣬ϵĺɫ⣬Եüɼ
֪ûԴħһǺСģҶ쿴֮ȴ̲סľ˼¡
ΪڶԷϣҶ쾹ȻоһﻹһɿµϢ
Щȫħ
ҹʮ֮Ҳһ˿ȡ
ȻϽǴﵽ̶ȣҶΧɢţʵ̲סĻᾪġ
ȫˡ
Ҷ̾˵
ϣ
һ޴ͻȻĴݳ
ֻӰǵǰת
ϸϸĿȥӰӾȻ޵塣
ߴʱѾ뵽ĳְȻ״̬ȫĽϵĽⲫ֮ս
ߵʵҲǿģһȭһĪ̲׵ײһ£ΧĵһµĲ
ϡ
໥ĦȻǿײЧĦͽƵĺܡ
ҲҶҹʮ죬Ϊʲôоб໥ս֮Եʡ
䡭
ٴγĳֿµıƣ漴ĽһƬس׵Ĵ˳Ϊ촷ۡ
þ˵ƻȻѾԴﵽ˵ľˡ
ҹʮ¶˾֮ɫ˵
Ҷ˫ĿɢĲ
ǰȥ
һʶһλġ
û뵽һҲ
һëĿֳֳ̬࣬⶷սħ𻹻˭
Ҷ쵹û뵽Ȼ￴ʱĶսħѾմѪϵëǵ䣬¶е˺ۣصĵطǳ˿˿ѹ
һȴû˿ʹһ㣬ս˵ƿصĵزħ趯Ļ磬ԼĶֶս˿ò
ܹˣڵĵ֮⣬Ҳûˡ
䡭
һλڵĻݺݵһȭ˶սħţʱ˾޴ı漴һžĹǶսħʵǿĺܣܵ˵ػ֮ϻ̲ס¶ʹı顣
һˣǵãȻͽõϵһ֮ǵĹͿɾʹˡ
еһ¶˿֮ɫĺϽâ貣һ޴ĽջѸٵĺɱ𡭡

һֻ֣ݺݵغɱ˽ջ֮ϣȭͷջС̫̫ˣз·̲һöʯһ㣬ĽԷ˲ĴƬ
߻ھȵı֮Уսħ϶ʱ¶˿ĵɫ
Сӡ
ҶЦĿһЦ
һﻹûء
˵䣬ǰȥʱ֮Ԫٵͷţ׵ռ䡣
쵰С־ȻҲģ·㲻ߣ㴳
еһλɫĺ
ǻոյĶ£һֻ貹⻪Ĵӡȴ̲ٱӳ֣޷ŵ֮УѸٵĺɱԴ֮ϡ
͡
䡭
Ѫ裬Ҷ߲ﵽǧ֮ĳ̶ȣٶϣǴ첻𾳵ǿҪǿ̫ˡ
һҶǰնԷĽ
ô᣿
Ҷ˲ԴݿƣԼĻӣʱʣµһλ¶һ˿ӵɫ⶷սħǺεȵǻʱ䣬һ񣬶ʱһزħк˹ȥ


1395 ֣
顭
زħɽһе谭顣
Ҷ˫Ŀһȵɫ
ǶսħʱҲ㳤ǴӶԷʩչϺת棬ҶȴҲ׵ĸоһԵ˲ٵˡ
ܹ˶ݵʱ֮дﵽЧ˶սħһλ⣬ǡزǧ塷Ҳǹûġ
Ҷȴޱȿġزǧ塷û˿Ȥ
Լÿһ־ѧǡزǧ塷ҪĲ磬һЩҪǿڶԷ
˷
λһŭ
ľҶͶսħҪǿ󣬵ȴҲû뵽˵Ĺ̥Լͬ˶ûκε˶սħ
ģ֣֮
һ޴ϵĽɫʼıһֻǴȱ֮лӿչ
ڣҶͿ϶˶ԷԼ֮еķеϵڿ˶ԷĴ֮û˿֮ɫ
ǶڶԷȴ൱ļɵ
ڱϾһϵţ֪Լļ֮УǷһڣϵȨڹϻĵʷҲԺյĴڡ
ںͶԷƣȻҲСġ
زħ
Ц֮еĶսħ¶ݣ˸вزħ趯ǧĲӰݺݵһ˶Էķ֮֡
顭
˵ɱȥȴû뵽ǣڶԷǾ޴Ľɫ֮ǰزħȻǿײû𻵵һķ֮֡
Сӣ㻹̫ˣʵ;磬ûҶԿһ֣Ի˵û˿Ӱ죬ںˣٴεȥһĶ֣Ҳȫİְ֧ҴϵõԼҪ֮˵ñ󷢴ȱĽķġ
޴ĵزħݺݵǽɫķ֮ѹţɿµ໥ļ·ɽ໥ļѹһ㣬ΧĿʼޱأֳ˵ӱѵ̬
֣֮ڵľѧȴţ˷֮֮޵еģķʺεȵĴϻܹһҲɱүˣǿϧǣûʵү󵽵ġ
Բѣ԰µġ
Ŷսħ˫Ŀ֮ɫǻڵٴηŭȫĿʼʩչԼľѧһ޴Ĵ趯Ļ磬޴ķֲ֮ϵļӳϿֲ
Ǿʱ򣬶սħȴһĨɫ
ȵľʱ򡭡
ڳһֻȻȭʱ貣һĪƺһ㣬һȦȦԲ⻷ȭͷ滺ߣɢĲ㹻˺ɽ
زطħȭ
ʲô
⻤û뵽ԼȻԭ⶷սħѹԼķֱ֮Ѿʵѵˣȴû뵽ǣһﻹԵֵ֧֣ӵĿʼϵԼһֻ֡
زطħȭͽںڽа壬ڵġ
һ޴ĹԳħڶսħıֳ
ԷǶսħһ޶ʩչȭľҪ
䡭
Ҷ϶֮УǶսħѾһȭɱ˹ȥ
ۡ
һѪʱһʼ׵ı
زطħȭ
һſµȭҶİӡȭһ޶Կ񱩵Ƶġ
زشڵ֮УĵħںЩħԿʱĲȭ֮еĴڣÿһλǿ쳣ȭȴһδεĶս֮Уʼ仯ΪһֹӶǿȭ
ʩչһȥƺʹ󿪴˷硣
⻤ľѹסսħ𣬵زطħȭǰȴ
ߣϧ
սħЦһĿ˵
漴һѽһ˳Ҷ˵
ˡ
˵ģԼͳһѵҩ·ǳԶһ㣬һھ׽˼֮󣬱㿪ʼѸٵĻָԼ
ȻҶǲ֪һﵽεܹôĻܹܳܳȴҲԵĲһ򵥵飬һλڵӸĻɱˡ
ȫһ޷ŵ飬ǺȻһǸ˲ش۵ġ
ҶĽȥ
ڵϺ;϶Ϊﵽ˰벽Եʣʼߵһƿ֮УƿҲΪΣȻ˵벽ͨ۷嶼ҪǿϧǣͻƵѳ̶ϣҲ
ҲΪʲô벽޷ܵԵʡ
ܶڽ뵽벽֮󣬶һûдȻҶ˵ҲǱȽ׽ģıع˵ֻҪȥɵһȼȽϸߵڵӣҵõǷѪĻлٴεͻˡ
һڵʵֻǰ벽ľ磬ȴҲҪúõľסҵı
뵽һΪ߸ϵ洫ӣȻҲѡȥݵֶβϵݺԼҶŭ뵽ĵز
ĸоԼڣҶ˫ĿҲıպϣϸϸԼڲĸı䡣
ҶһֺľƵ֮ǶԷķеȴһľ߱ĲȻҶ첻֪ⲨΪĴڣʹԼܹеõԼʵҲʼĸǿ
ѪڸҷѪĻľͿͻˡ
Ҷٴ̲סĽе
ĿΪõ溵ļ֮󣬿ʼøǿ
ҶĿһȻ
ˣ
ͻȻҪеƲסʱһĺͻȻڶ쳹ƺ̲޵İӵҶԴһඥһͨ͸˫
еѸٵı֣ǿе޳

³һ
Ҷ˫ĿҲ漴ֳӡǣԼҹʮͶսħ¶һĨмɫ
СӣĳΪٶ̫Եɵģڸտʼʱ򣬴ү㣬оǿѹס㣬ȴû뵽ڴүٴεļ֮󣬾Ȼ֮ĸı䡭ԣȵȣƺǡ벽𣿣
սħʵ;ḻĺܣܿı㿴ҶĲ̲֮סʧ
ҶЦŵ˵ͷ
˵ˣԼԼķʽ˵˵һôˣ
սħɫ΢΢һЦ˵
ˣ˵ү;õù֮Уһ޴ĺɫ飬Ҳɣ
Ҷҹʮ໥Ķһۣ漴ĵ˵ͷ
үڱȺ쵰׷ɱ֮󣬺ò׵ĶеһȺ쵰˵ڿǻ֮󣬱ѡȥģֻû뵽㱳㱳Ȼٴεı˸ˣŻŲ·û뵽ﾹȻôħǾȻûѡ
ҹʮ̲סʵ
ʱ䣬֪ûʲôջ񣿡
սħԣʱ¶һĨŹֵɫ
ջĻеģүһµʵ


1396 
ŶսħԴҵӣҶ̲סЩ
ȻͶսħ֮˽ʱ䲻ȴԸоһʮľһħν첻µزµĻҲѡѳڣԸ޾ĵˣȴҲѡ˺ͶԷԿˡ
ܹϿǵĻ֮ɫԵĺĺܡ
ү֣ʵϡǻģ
Ҷüͷ΢΢һƺ뵽ʲôһ㣬û˵ҹʮȴûжûиоٴκʵ
ģʲôģ
սħָ֮ϣһĨԵıһ㵭Ļɫڸסգħ֮УκһطնҪһЩ
ү˼ǣǻŵģһжǻŵģҼվŵĵ棬ʵҲġ
΢΢Ĳ²Ϣ֮Ҷ죬ȴ޷ڸסе𺳣̲ס΢΢ſһ϶ҹʮ죬һϾû뵽˶սħĻ̲֮סʧ
ŵģǻŵģһƽԭҪ޴Ŀռ䣬ǻŵģ˵һĶ棿ж󣿡
ƺھһһѹ
һ㣬ҲǱүֵģȴ϶ˡ
սħ˵
漴ָգĿ˵
ʵϣڸ߱ү׷ɱүĻһеһһǲˣû׷ãˣŶԷѰͬʱ򣬱үȴͷֻû뵽ûеȵү֣һھȻɵ֮չ˳ûиԷ˿ĻᣬֱӵĽһҵĵزش𰡣һλ첻ǿ߰ʩչҪ˵һˣһɽᱻ׵ĴģǶԷڴ˶Է֮󣬾Ȼ˿·Ǵ˿֮һ㡭
˵ʱǶսħϻһ˿ȻΪһл¡
ǳĿ³̶Ҳʵǿɼһˡ
˼ǣһУʵһ޴壬˵ǾĶҪʲôʱץסǳԵʲôʱѡ֣Ӧ˵ǳ֣ǡ
սħĵ˵ͷ
ҵ꣬ڽ뵽ʱԵܵһƣĻ⵹˵ͨˣ˵һ޴壬Ҿ൱ȫڶԷڲܹƵҵ֮Ҳ˵ͨˡ
ˣ뵽ˡ
ҹʮͻȻƺǷ´½һĽе
ôˣ
Ҷüͷ
ҵֵźܶħҶǴһ֮ӿģյڲӦñǧСħ򣬶ǹϵ֮УҲ˵ˣһжԵ൱£ӵĻνǧСħѲɾһݻģ
˵ҶüͷҲ̲ס
ˡ
ҶͻȻ뵽ʲôһ㣬ٵ˵
ǵøϽҸطǿԽ뵽Ǿ˵׼ˣǲҲ˵ĻǵĴøѣУ˽⣬ﻹһλ洫ĵӣˣҲǶ֡
ҹʮͶսħ໥ĶһۣȻ˶֮ˣĻȷʵ̫Щ
ߡ
ĺȵ
ͻأ䣬һȴݺݵسǶսħ忪ʼץȥ
һ൱ľ·һɸʴУ޷ȥ׵ѵ
Ҷ췢ֵΪʱϾ֮ΧɢţĿΧΡ
ס˲ĳ֡
ǸšħƳģŮħνһ˲õԷѧҶΪʼϵҲʼԽǿ
еİ·Ű̬һ㣬޴νȻ˺Ѷ
͡
һֻ޴Ĵǣֳںɫ·Ƕħֱһ㣬Ӷ·һһ㣬ֲ˺ķ
ʲô
ҹʮɫ䣬һȭȥſµ׵֮йϡ
͡
䡭
Ҷİǿеն˶Է漴ҹʮ׵֮ԵĴöԷɵĲնеһֻ֮ǲĲ֣Ҳ漴ٵʧˡ
ȻүˡһıѾˡ
ŵϵһع⣬սħ̲סĽ
Ҷüͷ΢΢һֻϵƷͷ·һ㴥һ㣬ǱĴԵҪʮ
ŻʵĺںɫҺ壬ȥճĺܣҶ֮̽ȴ֣һֹŹֵĲͷ·Ҫɽȥһ㣬ȻǺǿ󣬿ȴһɵĲͷš
ǴүҼֹû뵽Ȼҿʼץȡˡ
սħϴŷŭɫ˵
Ͼ˭ʳ¶ʲôġ
ĳʮ֮˾ţһһڲҪСģԷڰ˵ʲôʱͻðġ
һң̲סһּɵ˭Ҳ޷֤⵽Ŷôֲ˾޴Ǵ˵еѿҲ˰ɡ
ѵõ⶷սħûԡүԾӣ㹻Ŀĳʱеľﵽһô˵ĵز֮С
ӦҲδ֪ıһϵϵļأȻǿ£ȴԸоеĿҲһֿµ棬ȣʶһλ洫ĵѾ뵽ΪžԵİգǲܽ뵽ġ
ߡ
ĺȵ
Ӱһ磬Ȼĳһʼ˹ȥ
ߵǰǰһƺǶʼԵı仯
ĺһ翪ʼɣȻ˵˵ʵǷϷġϡ֮ȴҲоĺܡ
ʲô
Լǰӵʱ֮Ҷ֮ͻȻһ˿Ӧ̲סĽ

ҹʮͶսħӦţ漴ĽĿתƵһϡ
ܿ죬һӵĺɫɽǵǰɽǿŽӽĵزȴѾԸоɢĲжôľˡ

䣬һϵĴɽһֻ޴ħޣһķµĺ
ңңһ͹ĸо
ͬԷſͣǷЦһ㡣
һֱ棬϶ڴı
ҹʮȵ˵ҶͶսħȻû˵ȴɵо
ǳȥ
˵ս⿪ʼܵȼ漴Ŀٵı˸һɫ⿪ʼԶߡ
ǵǽ뵽Ǵɽǰ˲䣬ߵɫȴʼѸٵı仯
㵣
ޱȵľ㵣
ǡ
ҶﻺĿ˵


1397 Ѫ
Ҷ֣ɳ֮дһ𺳺޷ţ㲨Ϻĳ֣Ǵδй𺳵ӡ


ĳ棡
һεȿֲĴڣ
վڶԷǰͷ·վһ޴ǰǸ
˵̬֮£Ҷ졢սħԼҹʮߵףȴҲ̲סĵһ
ʲô
սħһͫùԲϢԵ޷š
ε֮޴󣬾޴ɽǣǺǰĴɽҲȴԵûǰ֮ǿҡ
ǺںɫĹ󣬵Ŀտ۵һƬȥĺܣҴһаȻЩҶ˵㲻ʲôΪؼȴڣսħ𿴵һɽ֮󣬳׵ˡ
⡭ǻģ
Ҷﶼ̲סķ˾̾Ĳ
ʲô
һ
ҹʮǽһȣ߶Ǽʶոߵ֮ǵһһ֮ȴ̲סһֽĸооеΡ
̫˵ɡҸҼκ֮еһ֡
үһ޴ء
սħ̲סķй
ȵȡ
ҶͻȻе
ôˣ
߷׷׵Ľе
˵Ұӣҡ
Ҷ쿴Ŷսħ𻺻ĿЦ
Ұӣ
ֶսħûжٵ⣬ȴҶ˵Ļ
ҹʮҲˣѸٵʵ
죬Ѿĵǿ˵ʲô
ҰӸղſ˵ģ⿴ȥһ࣬ǣȻһ֪壬ǸоǲҲأ
߶Ǵϻ֮ĻȻҪȥˡ
ӵĻһѲ಻ɣ
Ҷص˵ͷ
ʮа˾Ǵˣ˵ĻǾͱȽ鷳ˣ⣬ô󣬵ģ
˵ģͻȻһ޴Żʼšࡱɡ
һڲ֮γɵŻŵĺۼÿһĺۼƺаĺܣȴһǿĲߡ
䡭
һĹâ˸
âֳڹɫ൱ƽ
ž
սħ΢΢һʱһڹⱻץС
ǡ
Ҷüͷ𣬿ŶԷ֮
һѵıУݣȴԵøӵͿ£˿˿ѪѪɢŵĹ⻪Ȼ˵Ѿȥ˴룬ȴҲǿԸо
ϵѾȫɵˣһȻ⵽ǺεģǴѪϵĲǲ򵥰ү²ûдĻ⡮࡯ڲһ޷Ŀռ䣬ôҪҪȥʶһ
ȻѯʣǺԵģҶҹʮѾԾԾ
ȻˣȻû뿪Ŀܡ
ۿγɵŻҪˣȻĲɣ漴ٵС
ǵĽ룬ʱŻҲѸٵıպ
һ㣬û˿⡣
ûгֳڰĹ󣬷Щħ֮֮УǱȽϺġ
Ȼǻġ
Ҷ̲סЦ
ΧһƬƬڣڵĹԴһ˿ֳһĨɫֺ̬ɫͷ·Ѫһ㣬˿֮һֹǷĸо
þ˵˾޴Ŀռ䣬ﻹĴҪ첻ɣ
Ҷ૵

ҹʮͻȻķʲôһ㣬ȻһֻֿٵĳһϿʼ˺ѳһС
͡
һƬ޴Ѫⱻ˺
ѪȻȥԵޱа񣬵ȴûȳζ෴Ǵһֵ㣬ȴԵûжٵĺôϸϸȥȻζȴһֹƻϢƺǿ˷
һʳ˼öҩ֮оſʼıɢ
㷢ʲô
սħ̲סʵ
ħԳѪͳȻȽϼ꣬ҹʮо˰ȴû˵̲סѯ
⣬ûʲôԾ
ҶͶսħ̲סҡҡͷ
Ļ
սħһץĳ嶯ݺݵʵ

սħӼʱһѴҹʮнӹһöѪ⡣
鷢ˣֻǶսħϾȻеĿʼ¶˾㵵ɫ
ϵļ⿪ʼŤ·һŤһ
ÿ¡һǾļ޷ֺ
սħ𽻸Ҷ죬˵
Ҷ΢漴ӹ˶Է
Ǿڽӹ˲䣬ɫҲʼ仯
ֺܳһĳⲻϴСѪ⣬ȻҶһǧУǸǿ
о𣿡
ҹʮ˵
Ҷĵ˵ͷ漴΢΢ʩչɵ
˫ĻпǰаĶ
ǾһѪ⣬ȻҶǰ˿ûѵӣ෴ǣоͷ·סһŹһ㣬һһŲѵĹ

ڵĵҶʩչ֮߳һų֡
ʱѪɽǺܿѪȴΧǰС
ÿֲķֶΣǿޣڶԷǰȴҲóԿĺܰ
ͻȻ䣬ҶоЩ֮Уһ˿ĲⲨƺ൱ľԪ
Ҷ쳢ŽеľԪ뵽ԼڣʱоԷȻû˿ų⣬ֱӵĽ뵽С
ҶԼ˲˼
ľһССѪ⾹ȻҶоԼİԼʡȥһµĿޡ
Ч֮Ҷ˫ĿʱĿʼð
ڵӣͷ·ڿԼĺһ㣬һֹϲ
ʵǶսħҹʮ̲סĶһ£Ϊʵ˸оķë
ôˣ
ʵ
Ѫⲻ򵥰Ȼ̲ſµľУһ֮ҵ㿪ʼֱһⰡ
սħ˫Ŀ΢΢һָ·һ㣬ݺݵץһѪ⣬漴ıĿתѧ
漴һž޴Χס壬ǽɫĹ⻪Ƿ˸
Ҳԡ
ҹʮҲ˵
漴編ƣٵһѪ⡣
ٶȺܿ죬ʮʱѣɫҰޱȣѸٵ˫Ŀ̲סĿЦ
ÿµҵ޷סǵʲôģҵںֱǧڴҵľ̫ʹˡ
͡
սħҲ漴Լ˫Ŀ
ñȥĻүԵĿԴﵽһµĲεġ
ҶҪ˵Ȼ䣬һɾ޴ȴĴԶͷ˹


1398 ۡһ
һɴܣ·ǹԼϴ̴һ㣬ҶոߵǿӵܣȴڰԵľѡ
ܣĿ¡Ҹоһ˿ϢϢڲϵȼպѹҵ壬ֲֻܱһɾ˵˵ʵ򵥣
ҹʮ˵
˫Ŀ˿˿׵â˸õĴ֮󣬴ʱҹʮҲ˿ԳɾΪǿߵʸһĳ̶ϣսҲʼÿ쳣
ǿ£ǣ˵ʵҲϵĺã㹻ĺͶԷսһ¡
Ҷص˵ͷ
ﵽĶѪ⣬һĻ֪жôľ޴Ҷҿ϶ԼȥĻԵĿͻƵ첻𾳵Ϊ
ȥ
Ҷ쿪˵
Ȼž޴ڣ˴Ļȴٵĺôģ֮еޣʵΪСġ
һжҪСĽĺá
ղŰѱү򶼿ųˡ
սħ˵
ѾĻҶҹʮ죬̲סĶͷһĺ߲
ߡ
һѹ޼ɵͷţ˵ȴҲ̲סĲһĻ
չѸٵĳǰȥ
ѹൽʮķΧ߶֮ˣʮ·̣Ҳգۺ֮ˡ
ܿ죬һɸ͵Ϣʼɢ·ǻһ㣬Ҫͷŵȫ

սħԼǾ޴ĵزħЦ˵
ӣһҪƹ̬
һжδ֪ģ˵ҶҲȥѡķʽ
ѸٵΧ֮
ƴڣһĸоҶС
ڵǶսħ𶼺ܣȻսħԼĳ̶ҪһЩĻһЩȴҲõ˺ܴĺôֻҹʮ죬Ե޸á
ѵΪԵʲɣ
ҶаԵ˼š
䡭
Ȼģһɾ޴ıҶĶߣǿֲıȻ˺һ׵ڣѸٵ˳
ڷŤȻһʱ˺֮ڰͲסʹ࣬ʼŤˣͬʱҶҲǳֵļһ
һλź۵ӡ
ϴ˿˿˸ӵһаڷ˵ļ
첻۷ǿߣԣ˵ĲƺǸӵͣһֻƺѾ̤뵽̫žΪˣ̫žǿߣȻȫ״̬ȴ൱Ŀ£ǰĻصĲռʲô˵ġ
˵첻۷ǿߣҶߵʵ໥սһ£ɱ˶ԷȴҲὫһ˵ġ
һԷһֻѾȵ̤뵽˴̫žľ磬ǾͲһϵˮ׼ˡ
սħҹʮҲԵķһ㣬ߵ϶Щ
洫ӣ֮洫ӵʵ𣿹ȻǷǱѰ
ӵﻺؿ˵
˵Ȼ޷жϣ֮УɭζȴԵ޷ƣһַ·ǧֻħԼĶЦ֮󣬾Ե޷ȥȥ
洫ӣ
Ҷüͷһ뷨С
͡
Ȼ뷨ոյĳ֣ռ֮УѾһҵĦ
Ħ·Ǻɳʯ֮Ħһ㣬һǿҵ˺Ѳ
ܹ˵ٶȣҲǲ֮ˣҶ˫Ŀʼ
һҸоϢɡ
ȻһӰĳ
ʮ߰ӣ̬ͨͨȥ·û˿ʥϢӵĿκεǿ֮ǾһˣȴҶߵɫʼı仯
ҶʵѾ˴벽ľ磬žϵԽĸоһǿƥ
֮ϣһ㳣ԲϢڻݻ·һףһ㣬ų󵽵ĿֲվƯУȴ·ƿߣ֮
һӦѾ뵽˴̫žΪˡ
ҶаԵж
ħħޣߵĽϣʵǿµ˼£һ˵Ϊγһ̬ʵ޷ţ
Ҷ켴İ־ȴҲû̶ȣȻһֲޡ
Ǹǿһս⣬Ҳڷıŷ
ߣ𣿡
һﻺĿ˵
Ȼȥͨĺܣ˵ȴ·оһǿҵ𺳺ѹȣȴԵô磬û˿ɬ̫Ԫһһ壡
һΪϷҪ𣿸ղŵĽ֣ϷѾʵ;磬ڵ㣬ǽ뵽˴̫žһľңҺԵģ֮Ի뵽̶ȣΪʣΪӲΪĴϻۣĻħػ㣬Щⲿû˻ħޣûˡħһ
ߵϴһĨӵɫһЦ
һƽ޲Ȼ˸һĨŭ⣬ȻߵĻѾƽ̬Ĵƣвһ˿

һﺮĺ
У
̫žΪһ죬ȴҲֲ˼¡
һŭΧĿռһŤ߶ʱγһɹɾ޴ʼڲϣ·Ǵ󽭴һĴͣ
һǺӰʼݻǻħ
Ҷһ˳ۣȴɵ̲סһһֿµļɵ

ָһһֻΧĻħѸٵĻ۳Ϊһɫħ
͡
˺֣֮ʱһɫʼɡ
֮У
˫ֻۣҲʾȻأҶȴо˵Ϊ򵥣ӣֻάϵڴ벽̫ŵľ֮С
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һ޴ɫг֣Ѹٵи͵Χһȫķ飬ͶԷİħ׵ײһγޱߵ
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һ̣Ѱʼ˳˽սҶߵĸΪԡ
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ٴεŭһϾȻٴεıŷһɸ͵ݺݵسŶԷѹ
顭
ħ֮ı˷ƬҶߵɫȥı仯ΪǸоһɸӿµڻۡ


1399 
㡭
ҶɿĴȵ
ʱ֮һҪĸо
һֵ֮ʼڷɿˡ
͡
ҹʮͶսħҲͿһ㣬˵ģڵõҶ֮󣬶ʱĿʼѡѸٵ뿪
䡭
ˮɽ緢·ֽһ㣬һµʼ֣ʱڱʼͷų
ܵļʱҶ˻ǸоԼһſµ·ħһӿ
ʲôˣ
Լܳ·֮һͻȻ쳹
ֻһڷɿİΧסǡ
ⲻҶ𣿡
еһˣ¶˾֮ɫ˵
Ҷ֣Ȼ㲻Ǻܳĳ̶ֳϣȴҲ˽⵽ˡ
ϾҶһŵӵݣѡһԿʵֶα㲻һ˿Գסġ
û뵽㾹Ȼûһһ洫ʦֵǰƨҷž뿪𣿡
˵֮ˣļݣ·һһ㣬ʱĶᱻ紵һ㡣
һ˫Ŀ¶˲мɫ
ߣһʦ֣ػҲûеģû뵽èҲǾĴ򷢵ĺá

˵̲סı˵ĿЦ̬ǶҶޱȵӺͲм
ʰһ
ҶָŸղųƵ˺ߵһλĿĵӣĿ˵
ʣµˣǷˡ
ҹʮüͷųһ˿ɱ⣬ϵƣȻҲǱ⼸׳ǵ
үŷֵðɣٶϲĻǿɲҪֱүˡ
սħȻ˵һֱ֮Ѫ֮УȴħԳĸ߹ѪͳƢ𱬵ĺܣҲѳڣΪУƷԣεܹݵ⼸Լǰ˵ķ
ǻǵҺΪУ־ܣ
ղųԷҶߵĵӣЦźȵϺŭ˲ѹ
һֺֻݺݵسҶ˹ȥ
һƴ˺ѵľ磬Ȼ̲޾ԷʵǴﵽ˴첻ľ磬Ȼһߵˣÿһλ򵥡
Ĵһ޵ϣһԴҲᱻ׵Ĵġ
ߡ
Ҷһ
ԷٶȻܿ죬Ѿǵһεĺǿ߶սˣϺѾﵽһߵĳ̶ˡ
ٶϣˡɣ
֮У·һ㣬˵ʱǳֵĵɫ䣬쳣ѿҶʵȻȴҲԲǿԺԼ໥Կĳ̶ȵġ

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ոյ£һֻɫΪɫӡѾش֮ϣ˺˿µݺݵڶԷϿʼ䡣
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漴Ŀʼɢȥ
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һ·Ҫٵһ㣬˺ѵҪһƬռ䲼ˡ
ҹʮߣȻȥҹʮ˵ΪСһλ׵֮ĴУ㴫бѰ׵֮Ҫ¡
ȻߵľҲԷҶȴԿ϶ҹʮͶսħӦǣΪ߶Ǽ򵥵Ĵڡ
ߣڿ񱼶
ٶȣͬǿ֮УҲǿµˡ
ǿ񱼳ǧ׵ʱһЦȴĴ˳
λǵλʦֻڵǰ
ҶĻ˭ģĳ֣ʱߵɫʼҵĸı·Ǽħһ㣬ҲûıʩչԼΪǿ
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ݻ˼£һλǿߵֱӱҶ˺ѳΪ롣

Ĳҽһλǿߵ﷢˳
ҶȻ֪ʱһͺڴս˭Ҳ޷֤˵ʲôʱսϣҶȡսپ
ƻ衣
Ҷһ۳һ޴ì
ͬϵһ㣬ѸٵĽìݺݵ˳ȥ
һìһοµľѧڹϵУĻŹϵ·ÿһε·һս⣬ҶٱļӳֺͿռ֮ļӳ¿ʼгġ
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ҲǴ첻𾳵ǿڣνĲ𣬲ǲǿһĳ̶ȿµĻԼ걻˺֮󣬶µĻһ
ȴҶ졣
Ŀռǰһж޷ı䡣
ҶٴεʩչʱΧŤҶһѽԷ곹׵˺ѳΪԼĲƷ
ҹʮͶսħ໥ĺҲѾȺĸ㶨ˡ
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ҶƷζŶԷԼľ޴󲹳䣬Ŀ˵
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սħҶ˵
ȻҶСΪȴΪǿ˼鶷սħҲϲԻҶΪҹʮ죬ǸҶ죬Ҳ⡣
˵Ǿ뿪Ļ˵ҲЩһȻ˵ĻǾѡһõʱúõĺͶԷԿһΣ
ԶƺڷѹƵΣҶ¶һĨЦ⣬˵


1400 ħ߱
үûУĽȣҲҪսſԣүġزǧ塷ıսսүѪҺ֮ʵĿħԳѪͳսΪҪġ
һͫ˿ֲʵħռڲµۼ
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ҹʮһ˼֮ˣԶҶ컹ǺϿɵġ
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Ҷĵ˵ͷ
һ㣬Ҳ뵽ˣһұҪļһҵľԭڴͨ۷壬ҪͻƵʱ̣ȴһˣˣɡ
ȻսһҶ컹û˿İգ뵽һ飬Ҷб̲סķ
Ҷ˵ҹʮ컹Ƕսħ𣬶̲סüͷ
ϱ˵ɲʲô飬ϸ˵ںͶԷ˲֮
˵ѸٵĴﵽͳһ漴Ŀʼǰ
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Ǿ޴ײͷ·һ㣬ľǴﵽһ㹻˵࿪ʼĳ̶ȡ
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һͺߵյĿ裬ÿһεײ·ҪһƬس׵˺ѵһ㡣
Ѿ뵽ڲıԵشˣǿЩڵı仯𣿡
ҶʵͶϾǿȻߵսΪľȣȴҲûԼһεĿģ΢΢˼ָ֮һķ򻺻ؿ˵
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Ҷ޵۹˵ĻΪؼ⣬ߵεȵĿֲǼǳҲܴﵽľͳ̶ȵġ
Ǿ˾˵ڵȴ𻵵ĺС
ϵڣڷʵ̫Ŀˣһս֮أҲһöС͵ǳģһССĴԪ򶼻ᱻǳ׵˺ѵģڣȴֻһЩѣû̫ʧ˵ڲڣԵ֪Ķ
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Ԫʼųʼһе㡣
ħ޵Ĵڣͷ·һޣû̫̬ԣڻħ뵽һ֮󣬾ʱĴ֮󣬽̬ƺǳֳ˵̬
ͺҶ˻һ㣬Էȷʵһ޴ԴɭϢ·Ҫضɵһ㡣
ߵĻȥҪԵѷɫһЩ
ĻһϵɫħɫħͬǾ޴Ѫħһ㣬޴߸ߵĳ̣צݺݵץס˻ħޡ
һͺߣƺսһȻ״̬Ҷȴ൱ڱϿȥһʼԿˣʯɽȴˡ
һɫû˿Ľţһӡ
ǳ֮УĲʩչȫӣÿһεĳ֣ռ䷢˽Ĳ
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˫ȻĽӡһɾ޴γ˷ǱѰ˺Ϣһ˫֮лۣ˫Ŀâ˸Ϸ˿˿Ĳ
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ۡ
һѪ
ֹУһ˲֮䣬һ֮ڣԾһǷܹ

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һʥϢʼͷţѪ·һĿ£ķ
ߵȻǿĺܣȴˣǾ޴ĻҲ漴ɢ
һֻŻħƺݺݵسһ㣬ն
һҲҪնɱôɡ
ߵȻһŭ
ƻһɫ·ϵļ鶯ԹĿҶ죺
ԭңʩչģһһжΪҵġ
˵䣬ȻĻԼüģһδɫâҺ壬ü֮ͷ˳
ħ߱󣡡

һɫâѸٵ֮γɣЩɫ޲ǳһγΪµΧϢ
ħ߱һŹϵ󷨣ү˵ǹϴħħľѧһŹϵ󷨽λͬǿʥĽɱУǴݲҲƾһŹ϶µľħ֮ıӡ
սħﻺؿ˵
˵һʩչһŹϵ󷨱Ǵ˵еĴɱħ߱󣿡
Ҷ˫Ŀ¶һĨĹâؿ˵
˵ʵֻһŶѣүҲ޷϶
սħüͷ˵
޷Ѿо֮УһֿµǿˣҲ޷аȻģ˵һǲҲܵһ˺ġ
㲻Ǵ㡭
ҹսħƺ뵽ʲôһ㣬̲ס˵
ٺ٣ڲõһ𣿡
һҶͷҲص˵
ᣬһ൱õĻᣡ
ħ߱ҶȻ˽⵽ԷȴҲ֪ڣ󷨵ʩչһԲ˵ɵġ

źߵһŭ𣬶ʱѰϢȻͷŵ˼£ͷ·һѹǧĹϻɽȻ緢һ㣬ǿһ̳׵ͷų

һֹԷʵϣʩչԼΪ˵ħ߱ʱ̣һбѾ޷ˡ
ɣ
һɱ֮ŭУѾⷽԲ׵ķΧ׵İΧ


1401 ᣡ
һֺεǿΣҶļ֮УںģܹԵĸܵ˿µΣҲǵһˡ
ɫ棬˪·޾һ̳׵ķ̬ͬҶоԼĺڿʼüٷǷ˵̲סĿʼһ˷ܣһڹе˷ܡ
Ӧյ
ĴǿӦͷų
ɫӰϵ֮˹ħ߱һſ߱սħĿ¹Զʱڱڵħ֮еĺģĸ
̲ħѪĿ֮УѾܹʩչһŹϵ󷨡
ҶϸϸĿЩɫħ飬ǵޱȣǵצһ±ɵĽһٴﵽ˴첻ΪǿΡ
Ҷ쵨ҿ϶Լ뵽ϵ֮Уᱻ֮еħ鳹׵ѹסȻǿĺܣǾ˵˼ޣȴ޷ıһ㡣
ܹӳеļѡϵĿռ֮Ϊģ漴ʩչԼеݵĿռ֮һг׵֮еľѧʩչںһ
ҼˣҶҲû˿İܹͶԷսһ
ǶҵءŰ˲ͼ
Ҷ˫Ŀ΢΢
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Ǿʱ򣬾⶷սħĻﻹûµ˲䣬һӰȴ·ĻһǼʮ֮Ŀл
һٶ൱ģڿһӰӵ˲䣬Ҷߵļʼһֱĸоָоʵ̫ıˣͷ·Լ˵嶼ڱ֮һ㡣
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͡
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Ҷҿ϶һȥôļ򵥡
ΪڵĵӣΣնɱһеħ࣬ߣˡ
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ǱһıȻ֪һıʲôȴԸодŵľ޴ܣֵѪ֮ȴ˿ĲɶԷĺħ죡
ħУ˰꣬û뵽ٴεĽٻ˳
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ʱ޾Ŀռ䣬ɢɫӰӡ
ЩӰϴ޾ʹ࣬Ȼħ£ʧȥԭɡ
ħУնɱ񷣬޷죡
ħз·ǳɽħһ㣬˵Ļ裬ʱĿռ䶼ֳһɹĻ֮ħޱȣħȻǿĺܣħеǰȴɱѹ
ĻӰѸٵΧһߣһȴûжеĻħֹͣ˻衣
ݽ𣿡
ߵһĿϲ
ǾʱһµΣȴɣΣ൱ǿңͷ·ʲôµԼϿʼһ㡣
ħУնɱķ߱߱ħ
һĻħͻȻĻӶٶȺ͵Եıղǿ˲ֹٱ
á
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һ
Ǻεȵһ·Ҫϵǳնϣ·Ҫ֮µľĴ飬һѣȴַ·ؼһС
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建ķֿüĵ֮£׵ķѳΪΡ
ۡ
ֳֵһüһξӨѪһ϶ʱѾѳ۾̬һѪ̲ס
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һͻȻʱ֡
Ҷ졭Ȼ㣡
ˣһ̲סĺ
һ˫ĿƺǷЦĲ


1402 ƽ
ˡ
һ̣ޱγɿʼһ忪ʼ۲ѸٵϮ˹ȥһֿµֶΣԽκεһʼչֳ
ֲй˼£һ̣ǶսħҹʮҶ춼ʩչԼΪǿֶΣΪǺǰһֻһµļһǴѾ޷ÿˡ
ǾֶΣϵľѧԼʩչ˼֮󣬽ռֵĻħʵȾһ۷ĳ̶ȣڵȥԼʵݻΪǿĳ̶ȣǾԵûհȵ뿪ġ
˵ڵǲΪȫĽһɱӵҲΪԼ㡣
Ҷ졭Ļ治ʱ򰡡
һЦ˵ƺǶҶĳ֣û˿⣬ҶȻĲһϿЦͲмܹ˵̬ԭҲֻһ
ˡ
дĽе
еİ˴ݲеµĹ⻪ĽһϣеĲ㹻˺֮еκһУһƺһжԵЩˡ
ˣթ
սħĺ
֪ǵĴڣΪĶ𣿡
˵ʱȻɭ쳣
ѡˡ
˵ģһȻưǿ΢һУȴΧĿռ俪ʼȻı
һֻצӷ˺ѣĺۼһۼȥ΢ȴžĲ
һ
Ҷд󺧣û뵽һĿ»ǳԼ
ԭΪںĴս֮УûܾˣȴҲܵһƣڿĻһжôļ򵥣һĳ֣һһʽĪ̲صİһ㣬̬ߵжʼñ

ﵭĺȵ
צͬǾһ㣬˸ȻĳҶİʼȥ
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һҲܵһѹƣٴεĳ֡
űһצķɵĶսħҹʮ죬Ҷٴεĺ
ߣǻΪԼ𣿡
һɫҲЩѿǿԼĽȻûиҶĴ֮еŭǿʼһµĲΡ
ħ֡
˫ۣ˫棬·ħ޵צڲϵƣ漴ľѧʩչǧ׵ľ޴ӡݺݵسҶѹȥ
ӡɼҶڵ㹻ĿڶԷ۵
ѷȭȭӡ죡
ֹϾѧѷְӡȭĳ֣˺ѺͰԵƥֿµļ¡

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ҹʮͶսħҲĳ֣˲ĺѹ
ûõģǵʵ̫̫ˡ
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޴ӡ·ǷڵĹһ㣬Ȼըߵǰ޴ȻҶߵĽ˲ĻΡ

ŵĿЦ֮УʱΧһжʼ˻ɵĻħ

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谡
սħ̲ס³һѪд˿˿Ѫ⡣
һǴ̫žĳ̶𣿡
ҹʮ޲һ־㵵ı飬ȻǱһĶǿʵסˡ
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Ħţƺ˼ʲô
һҺǺ桭
һҶ˫Ŀͷž˵ս⣬Ŀ˵
ű鲻ʡ
һ˵Ҷȴ֪һʵڻָԼʵƣǺߵս֮Уͬǰĵ
ҵʵʵϱ˵Ļ㲻ʲôΪʲôҪѡΪУһ˵ǿеҪѹˣ
ڿʼʱҶһӦǲʶģǴȴһֱںԼԣȫǲϳġ

һƺǶҲǾᣬͻһڴѪ֮󣬲ŻЦ
Ҷ죬ƺǲ֪νļֵʱȷʵǲʲôڱ㻹һϣȴǱƽһ㣬Һͱа壬㣬ڿһΪǸʱͨ㣬أ㱻ӡ֮󣬾ȻƿٰſƿӡǣһԾΪڴͨеľǿߣٶȣֲٶȣǱܹСˣȻ֪ʲôˣȴԸоϵǱʹˣ򵥣ֻҪɱ㣬ſӵԼҪģϵܣԸо൱Ŀֲִ޵ĺô
˵֮һ϶̲סĿʼ¶һḬ̃ɫ
˼ǣұ𣿡
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ϵһжҵģ³ΪϿ϶ٶȳǧٱܡ
˵ʱϵŭɱ⣬̲סĿʼй˼¡
СӡϽġ
սħͻȻһԾϵëʼ趯һͫ·Ƿŭķһ㣬ƿصزħΪֲһɫĴ󻺻ɣһϵħԳƸϡ
ʱϵƾȻȫʧˡ
촸
ҹʮҲˣȻıΪǿ
ߣƺڵһʱ̱ѡƴ
ϣǾͺǺúõɡ
һмЦ
漴ĳ趯˳ƵݻŶԷϮȥ
Ҷһڿʼʱ㽫֮۵ϣΪıܹ֧Ǵ
ڿȷġ
ȫĿʼָ
ǳ
֮ıˮ֮ı䡢֮ķ˫Լǳ֮أ⼸֮УٴεĶǳҲ˵ʼøӷ֡
ˡ
ȻĿʼۣҶֿʼĳ֣һɺ嫵Ĳ漴ݻ
𡭡

𡭡
׻ɷͷš
Ҷ˫ĿɺȻ˸ֻʮʱ֮У˫ڲһɿֲĲ

սħҹʮٴεı˳ȥ
Ҷ졭㻹Ҫ𣿡
һĺ漴ƿٵʩչȻİȥ
仰Ӧ˵
Ҷ컺Ŀ˵
͵ĳŶԷײȥĺȵ
ƽ


1403 £
ƽ
·ըһҶͷ˳֮дһֿµƣ˭ơ
ţӿ·һ̣նںҶںһ
Ŀֲһ
ɫ΢΢һ䣬Ȼû뵽Ҷ쾹Ȼܹʩչ˾춯ص
˵Ĳ˵Ϣ㹻ĺ໥ˡ

ÿһԵҶһǿҶݻΪԼ
Ǿеھһδεս֮Ҷȴ𽥵ĿʼԭԼơ
ƽҶ֮󣬱ʹúʩչľѧ
ȴ޷ȥϣѧĿֲͷǷ

Ҷĺȵ
ʱҪȥУǶսħҹʮѾоԼһഫͬҪص
䡭
һ޴ĻƽɫűȻĳһʼȥ
һҶˮֲͬԵӵǳʼںϣγΪǿƻ
ң
һ޴Ļ۳ĻȻıŷһͷڣŵ۵ĿӰӣһɲŭϢ˲ӿ
Ȩȣ֣֮ŭ
Ȩȣ
ʥ֣

ȫںһʩչһܹȥΪ͵һԵĸо˴ʱҶ򵥣ǿһںǺս֮УѾģԭΪҪҶɱĲ⣬ȴ֣лŲС鷳
ȨͣƺХ
䡭
ڵһҶȫںϣײһ
𣡣
׵ײһ˲䣬ΧһоȻĳֳһ־ֹ״̬еһƺǶһֿµԼ
ʱ䡢ռϵһԼ
һ̣
¡¡
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һ֮Уеı˳
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籩
µķ籩
еݻΪ籩ܿʼչ֡
Ҷ˫ʩչȥԼƿԼĴƽ
һϵļڲϵŤɫ쳣޷ͬڿʼʱ˵ҶʵȽϵľȣȴҲ޷ͬһŴﵽ˴벽СɺԼԿһ衣
һֶĵλϵǿ衣
쵰Ҫ㣡
һˡ
Ȩȣ籩֮дҪǾ޴նɱ
սħҹʮˣǱѵĶţ¶˾ɫ
ߵʵȻһͷųǿȻǲҪ͵ģԷʱ
ҶȴУʵŲ벽ľѡ
εܹʩչ˾˵
ذĲ̲סĴһ£⻹ֻǰ벽ľѣ˵ҶʵȥǿһЩĻ
ֶҪȥնɱһʵǻСһ
Ҷ뵽˴첻𾳵Ϊ֮󣬱Խ뵽̶ˡ
ǱүĻ˵ҲնɱСӣһնɱСӣһˣСӣֱڰʯͷԼĽŰ
սħ૵
ôѾĶƺڱһֻ˼롣
뷨
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ĻĻѾӴ˼£ϵļڳ鴤ϵ·һĿ¡
ϵʩչڵĸоˣʱҶĴƽ棬Ϣļ
޷ͱԿ𣿡
һĴЦ
ãСӻǸɲǸ쵰
սħֳֵزħҪȥ
ҹʮȴһס
㺦ˣ
սħˬĿҹʮĺ
ҹʮ˰˵
ԣ㿴Ҷı飬ûں°
ҹʮ˼ǱսħҪϸĶ࣬ȻҲҪ֣ȴҶֵȻı顣
ֻʱҶ죬ǵȻû˿ĺ£෴ǣһ˿мĲ

һ֣·˵һ㡣
һ̣һɫȴı仯
һŤ͵ı顣
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䡭
޴ıͻȻĿʼ
ǺεȿµһǱը
·֮öʯײһһ㡣
ǴƽȻƵһ˲䣬ǿֲıըѾʩչ˳
ޱߵĻ桢˪貹⻪ͷš
Ļ󣬺εȵľ죬ⱬը֮УȴҲ˲ĻƬϵȨȱϳΪΡ
ֱֲ۸Ǳ˺ѳΪ
͡
һݺݵشգصĴһ
һ
սħ૵
һͫ޷ŵɫԭĶսħΪҶʵȻǿ󣬵ǺԼȽҲԵǿһѡ
ȴԼҪǿ̫̫ˡ
ǽһΪƽصǿ޶ʩչ
񱩵ϢȻǴ̫žΪȴ侳ϵ
ÿµļһ
ҹʮҲǾ쳣
Ҷ졭ɱ˱ŰɣһãȴԵĲӺȥġ
һŭ𴫵ݶ·һһ𣬵һɵӰȴڶսħ𼴽Ҫֵ˲䣬ȴ˺գݺݵʧ
ǺںһĻħޣһ׵Ļˡ
ҶһҡΣȻһѪȻĵ
ǰɡ
ҹʮпЦһٵĽס
ڸ㶨Ѿġ
ҶﲻϵĴϢ˵
ǰڵĸ㶨ˡ
սħ˵һ˫ĿȴڿһڿҶ졣
һҲ̫˵ɡһλһλ̫žǿ߰
ҶЦһ
һΣȫһ⣬ΪһˣûлģһһʼĶԸǣҶҿ϶Լ˾Բεģ˵ãý
ƽҶʩչҲû뵽ԼʩչȻﵽʩչٱӳ֮ҶǸоԼ˶Ҫһ
߻Ϣ˷ܵʱ
ΧͻȻһҶ΢΢Ķ̲סҶĽ
䡭
ܵһδδڣڵʱʼˡ


1404 ħ̥
𡭡
·һǿһ㣬Ǻеϸûа취ȥȴһµľˡ
ǿҶĿ̶ֲȶΪϵ𶯿ʼЩɶӵĲҪ˵ҹʮͶսħˡ
ߵӵڲϵĲɫҰףҿҲΪµľѧˣȻޱȵ𺳺;֣ȴҲεػԼ̨ûбǿе顣
𡭡
ٴεһ޺𣬶ʱΧľһӣݺݵسҶ忪ʼϯ˹ȥ
ʲôѵ˵ڻĳֿµʶӿµһϾȻž޴ɣ
սħʱѾʼ״
Ҷݲ䣬ĵһܡ
һӴǺӳ֮ɫȴʼ仯
ԭǼ򵥣Ǻӵ̫ǿˣҪȥͻҲѣӲҪ˵ڵԼܵشûа취ȥֿһ
ô£ΪʲôȻ˵Ŀֲ
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ߡ

һߣ漴ʩչԼȭ
زطħȭ
һ޴ħԳȻš
䡭
һȭɱȥȭȴûͷųȴǺӳ׵ĿʼΧƹȥ˲䣬ħԳȻı

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ˡ
ûеȵߵпʼиʱ̣ǺӾȻٴεۣұղŸӵĿֲ·֮Ѿγǳ磬һΣҶԵĸоˣһǺ֮Уŵһľ·֮һ㣬񲻿ɴݣ
ˡ
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ôˣ
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ҹʮͶսħڳԼҶ켱æĽ͵
ǵǸտʼ뵽ʱһζεĹϱб˳ȻŲ֪ٵң̲֮صǿҲһɵԼ֮Уɵʱ俪ʼӳȻҲϿʼӴȣǼǴһƬǺӣǿ£һڵǺӲֻĿȥӲƴĻǻᱻһĺġ
𣿡
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ԵĻĳʶ֮ӲƴĻֲʲôôģڻҸطһ¡
һݻȻ׵֮ٵĽһնϣҹʮĽе
ߡ
Ҷ֮ٵչ֣ǿеƣܿıҵһ԰ȵĵط

һӲ˺һڣҶ컺ؿ˵
ߡ
ĺȵ
໥һ磬ٶȷɿ졭
ಡ
ߵٶȻܵһƣΧǺڱߣ·ҪһҪһ㡣
򡭡
Ҷָſڰ֮ȻγһĿռ䣬Χһ谭˲ıƻˡ

оΧѹһᣬҶָѸٵָһĺȵ
顭
үزѪս
زħͬһѪ˿µչ֮УȻΧһĵ·
ϡ
ֲӿٵҶϿʼʩչ˾˵
Ҷɫ䣬ϵѪһƵӿ漴ݻ˷Բ֮С
͡
һѪ·ǿеնɱʮĵز
Χӿʼ𽥵ļ
Ҷľϴݳ֮ɫ𽥵Ŀʼָ
ϵˣȻȥڵϢȽϵңʱ֮УȴѾָ߰˳ҡ

ͻȻĺ
һɿµɷ
ʮڷ·ǸоҶɢľϢʱһ֮УȻˡ
þ˵Ϣ
оҶϵϢ֮սħ̲סĽ
Ϣɱζͷ·һµİ׻һ㡣

Դӵõ֮ҶûжùʵϣȻ֪ǿȴҲΪΪǿȴ޷ƿأͺǵõһʾ޿ȴûа취һ㡣
ڽ뵽˰벽ľ֮ҶȴоԼƺǿǿȥʩչһ˿˿Ļ
һֶΰ
սħ̲סĽе
˫Ŀ֮ȴû˿ʵɫս
Ѿʵʵɣ壬ɲռļһսŰ
Ҷ˿ûԥֱӵĽҴ˶սħе뷨
ǶսħȴƲƲͣ
֪˭Ű˭أһ±𱾴үҪǿ󡭡
顭
Ҷһ˺ǰһڣʱһͨߵǰ
ͨڲϵĿʼɢһֽϢ
Ϣһ𣬴һֵ͡
һȻԸо·һµһ㣬Լ֮УӳһִĲ
¡¡
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û˿ԥҶֱӵĿ˵
ǲΪһʳӵĲһȵĳ˽ȥ
뵽һڵ˲䣬ϢʼøŨ
Ҷüͷȴڿʼ𽥵
ǰ˿ƺǿٵı仯
Сġ
ۼҶٶԽѸ٣սħҹʮͻȻĽ
ԾǲԾ
ҶĶߴݳߵǺܿȴٴεʧˡ
𣿡
һ˿мЦҶָ΢΢һʱĴ֮ʼӿ
顭
ΧһٴεĻָԭսħҹʮҶĳҲ𽥵Ļָԭ
ô˵ı仯
սħ̲סü
룬˵²ûдĻӦΪ
ҶӰ΢΢һҿռ֮ѸٵĴ߿ʼ뿪
أΧζʼøŨ
ȻϢһǿָоүƺ˵ġ
ڶսħԴ˼˵Уܿ죬ߵǰһԨĻǵǰ
Ԩڲһ϶صԲڣڵΧϵһ
Ŀȥͷ·һֻ޴֩Χʼһ㡣
ܶҳ˿µĲ
ڿԲεĴ֮󣬶սħɫڵı仯
ħ̥Ȼһµħ̥
֮Уһǿҵľȿʼ֡


1405 
ߣȻԶȴҲԸоһƺڷɿţɫϵݻŸƻĲ
ݺύһڣһ㣬һԲεļһεعס˺ȥԷģȴԸоһּǿݻ
Ҷ˫Ŀ΢΢ü֮У֮Ŀ
ʱһâէ֣
ԷһпʼҶ춴
Ȼһţ̬
֮ۿԲӡǵ̬
̲ס𶯵˵
ţ̬
սħ΢΢ѿ
ţε̬ŹϵӡǺͻƣ·Ǳӡһ㣬ںɫ壬Ե񣬼ǻڳɳ֮УȴҲҸоһֿµڲϵĻۣһͷͷֱһֻϵħһ㣬ԷȻڳ˯֮УֻҪ㲻Сľ˶ԷܵһʷǰĽȻֻһָоȴо൱Ŀ¡
䣬ҶѾ֮ɫռˡ
ħ̥
ҹʮʵ
ħ̥֮УеĹϼأţħ̥飬Ѫϲսҳɳٶȿµĺܣ޷ȥԿһɳǾһ޴ĺƽ٣ӿµǣԷԷȫĿԽԼֵһչԼĳɳʣ˭ȥԿ
˵ʱҶ̲סһȣյֶκΪĽӽ
սħ΢΢¶һĨɫ
ţ֮еĵزشˣһλħ̥ǣزشһڵؼﵽһ£Ҫ˵ң֮УĻ˿ȥԿҿνħ̥˵ҲһӶѡ
ѵ˵һж֣ʵϣΪħ̥
Ҷٴϸϸĳħ̥ȥ
ֻɫţǰ죬Ĺ⻪ת֫·һ㣬ԾȻڳ˯ȴһĪϢǿ֮䣬Χ뿪ʼ۵֮УÿһεĺҶ춼ĿԷǿĲ㿪ʼһ֡
ֶΣ԰Ⱥˡ
ҶϸϸĿһ̲֮סĸ̾˵
֮۵ǰһж޷ڸסţħ̥ÿһεĺ֮䣬ϲԼԼڶ̶̵ʱмȡյ˵ÿһÿһʱڣħ̥ۺʹ
ٶȿ±˵ҪٶȵĶࡣ
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ΧܹһĨ㣬ȫĲаħϢǼȻ֮Ϊħ̥ȻҲڵΣԡ
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Ƕսħ̲ס˵ʱ¶һḬ̃ɫ
˼ǣǵΪʼĽ
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ħ̥ͷ·һɾļ壬һĻǵ˼ЧҲΪʲôڹϵʱħ̥ᱻǿ׷Ѱԭ򡭡
Ҷص˵ͷ
˵Ļǵһ顭
ҹʮҲ̲סĿʼԾԾ
ˡ
һͻȻ֡
ռ䶯·һĨƽĺ汻˲Ĵһ㣬ΧĿռת֮Ŀʼ仯ڷڣĻ߻ΧĿռ䣬貹â·֩˿һ㣬һϡ
ҶߵѸٵıŷ
ԣҶ˫ĿȻļµâ·һ㣬һȭԺ֮ת
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֫ٺһ̣·ܵ˾ֵѹһ㣬һѪ޷Ƶ˳
졭
ҹʮĺ
ղΪҶԵʣͱˡ
Ҷ·Ƕߵķһ㣬Ѹٵĳݺύȥ棬·һ޴Ԩһ㣬ס
쵰
սħĺ
زħݺݵؿ֮Уһ޴ħԳĳ֣Ľѹȥ
ϣ
н֡
ΧĿռĹѣսħϾȻڽӴ˲ŽѪۣѪҺ裬ͫ޷ŵɫǰһ޴ıС
һ޴˼µ񸫡
񸫳ɫĹӹӭǹϵϢɱ棬ϵĻ·ܵףһ㣬Ȼɢ˷â˲⶷սħһš

һ֮УǶսħ𱻴ɳȥǧ֮⣬һĶ֮У޴Ļ飬˷·ҹʮ죬ʵΪС׵Ĺ⻪Ǳѷɢ
ѪѸٵĵɳȥ
ڡħ̥ˣллֻˡ
һ֮лĳ֣Ǿ޴ɫıһӰĸܿĶԷӱ
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һλӵģԴĳ΢΢Ʈһ˫ĿȫûҹʮԹעӣֻ̰Ŀħ̥ض̰Ļߡ
ۡ
սħٴεһѪʥĽɫ⻪ĸ
һ϶صĻԴϣԴıһȦʥĲɫοʼγɣΧζ
ħԳѪͳںԲ⣬⵹Ǻĺܰ㾹Ȼڵĸ֪Щڵĵ֪˵زصĴߣȻһڵţöķ̰
Ц˵
Բ⣬֮Уֱ֮Ϊ֮ҫ⻷ǻ۵ĹâĺܣǺĻڵĵӿȥγɣγˣҲҪǿʵʲſԡ
ͬʱ⶷սħϿգһϵĻҲڲϵͷųɫҫ⻪
͡
˵Ľɫâ·һ㣬ͷųսħǰӣϵƾȻʧ˴룺
µϢףԼŻ԰͵⣬²ûдĻӦòһݡ
ҹʮ΢΢ĴϢţһ˫Ŀȴƺ¶˾ɫȻҲ뵽ʲô

ЦݳһЪ˹ӣԷһ˫Ŀ𽥵ĿʼȾһаĲ
ĳѾ²⵽ҵݣһұΪǿĹ壬ĵӣ


1406 սң
壡
־ͷ·һشһ㣬ڶսħҹʮпʼıݺݵؽǵĴһ¡
壬һµ
ϵʷ֮У塣
Ҷսһݻҹս嵽˹ȵȣٴεĽ뵽һЩǿ塢塢塢ħɷȵȣλЩ֮ϵģһֹϵ塣
Щʷ޷ȥ̽ǵʷȴκεһ˶޷ȥ󵽵Ŀֲ;ˡ
Щ֮бֳΪ塢塢塢ʥ塭ȵȡ
ǵʷ϶ƾãʷĳ֮µĲˣǸıһƿŹϵĴԪ
ô֮УټЩϵҲ׷׵ʷĳ֮пʼȥ
һЩϵʷļ֮УȴǴǵӰЩ˵ʵǿᣬȻľȥĴԪ֮С
ΪӴʷΪ֧ţǵʵǿģҲΪǿ󣬲Żᱻɵ
ǰ֮ˣһɰϢȻϢصĺܺãȴ˾޴񸫣Լɢİ֮޲ǽݸ׵ı¶˳
壡
ǾȻ֪ҵݣʷȻӡЩϵļ֮С
һĨӵϣԷı൱ĵ⡣
ȻΪԼȵĳԼԼʷ͵ҫʾ˽Ͽɡ
սħ΢΢³һеһĨʹƺ³һ㣬ɼ׵ľ޴ԨĴڣһ֮ͫͷų˿˿Ļ档
ڷŭ𣿡
ŶսħǷŭı飬ԷȤ˵
΢ЩϵȻǿĺܣȴҲûüĳΪİʷĳ֮бȵҫͼʷϣٴεĿһʣΪ𣿡
սħﻺĿ˵еһݾѾ𽥵ʧ
Ѫ֮дŹħħԳѪͳ߰Է˿Ĳ
ȻڿʼʱΪľȣǺܿȴѾָԭս֮У뵽Ҷ쾹ȻһԨеŭ̲סĿʼ
ߡʲô塭
ҹʮЦһ
ѪսѪͳȻҲǸ߰ĺܣȻսѪ塢塢ȵЩϵ˵İʷ֮ҲûǵҫսѪıս
ԽǿԽޱߵĵִ
ˣܿҹʮҲָԼԭƽ
ߵϾȻԼǰôѸٵıָƽӵ̲ס΢΢һ䣬Ǻܿȴ÷ŭ
һӣһƣϵơ
Ҹǵôʱ䣬Ϊıħ̥Ǽ˵ʵԳΪҵļҳڿƺǲҺˣҲգȻ˵ĻǾҽЩߣħ̥ҵһ໥ںһĻҵʵͻͽʱҵʵҲΪ̣ЩϣҪپж١
ꡢƣ
սħڵıһһһϣ׵ļŭˣ񱩵ŭһ֮󣬷Ľ
䡭
ϵĹϻ͵ıŷһµĽɫâ⶷սħϿʼۣϵħԳٴεɢĽâǹϵĴ໥ںϺӦĽâ·ǽɫĻһ㣬ռ֮з˼ٵ˺Ѻͱ֮ͬȼһ㡣


زħѸٵĻһӰħѹһʩչ˾ͨŶԷɱȥ
׵𣡡
ҹʮͣ⿪ʼŷҶ콻֮׵պ֮εȵǿ󣬱κεһֵҩĻָҪֲڶݵʱ֮бϵγһ޴׵
ǹϵ
ԭʩչӵķͿ¡
һöǶĵ֮ٵڻĻ֮Уɱӵǰ
Ȼ߷Ľǿߣȴ΢΢ЦһƺǶǰһû˿⣬෴¶˲мɫ΢΢ҡҡͷ֮󣬲ƲƲ˵
ʵȻҲҺѪԿ
еľ޴ɫȻĳ֡
͡
ľ·Ҫǿճ׵նһ㣬һɫȻľۼһγһ޴ĸӰ
⸫Ӱ·ɫʯһ㣬峺
ķģۣÿһķĶſµɱ֮ɱ֮ϵӿݻΪΪµĽӳ˸Ӱ֮ϡ
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ǿ
ƥ
Ȼһ֮ݻ쾡£
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
޴ڵһ̿ʼչˣ𶯵ǿ̶ǳκεһǿֲ֮У˵ƺߺëȻĹ
Ѫ֮Уʱһпʼָԭƽֻо޴ڣΧƺ΢΢Ĳ

һ΢
޴ĸӰҲ漴һƬ棬иΪһµĺۼ漴ɢ
ֱһֿǾ޴ɫ񸫣ǿߵû˿⣬ǷƵӣ·һ΢һ㡣
𾳶ûͻƵ˾ȻҲͼںҶԿǻ
ǿߵһĨӣЦ˵
ۡ
սħϣѣǿԿٵѪģ˺Ѫ
⶷սħǿĺܣκǰǿߣһֶΣƺǶС˼¡
ҹʮ죬ӵĲߵΪСһȻ˵õĴУʱϱϾ˲٣ȻԭҪǿĶ࣬ȴҲɲġ
Ϊ֮ϵάϵͱˣǴʱ֮Ѿȫ͸֧ˣȥ֧ȥĳɳ
ɡ
ħ̥ǿԵѾȲҪںٴεĳ֣Ȼ㽫߽
޴ɫ񸫳֡
һӰٴθ·նǵĺۼա
䡭
趯Ǿ޴ĸӰʵѾڳǿʼֹȥ
죡
쵽˼£
սħҹʮٶȸ޷ȥӦһӰ

ڶսħ̲סһѪʱ̣ͻȻһɫĺۼȴѸٵĳŶԷֶȥ
һɫĺۼһȭͷС塣
貵ɫ⣡
ǡ
ҹʮ׵Ĳޱȵһ۱㿴
׻飿
ǿߵĽе֮ƺǴһ־ȡ


1407 û
׻飡
ɢ貹⻪壬׵Ĳ·۾һ㣬ű˵Ĺâⲻ׻黹ʲô
׻飬Ժĺڷ֮ΪҪĲƶɣڷ֮һֿµе׵ȥƻĶ
׻ϡ٣һЩϵĴԪ֮жǺ֮
һΪ׻ĴҪĲϣһڷ֮ռϣ൱ѡ
ԭ֮£׻εĻ
Ҵ׻ķʽҲصĺܣ׻ĵȼƷҲ٣ǿ׻ǿеȥݻһе谭ǴǿҲ׵ȥмܣΪһͷ׻·ķӦһ㣬Χռ֮еһ׵ᱻǸʱģͷ·ռ֮γһ˵׵ռ䡣

ǿߵдĺȵ
Ȼ˵׻൱⣬һǽСĵѡȥ
ҹʮ졭
һϤ
ֻǱֻӰڿռ֮з
ݺݵشǿԨĵط
ڲ׵ĹâӿҶ컹˭
׻飬˺ܶ࣬һħϿ֮еõģһ棬µʱҶ㽫Լõĺڷ֮ٵĴºͺĲкܶģҪȥ׻鲢ѡ
ԪٵʩչҶʩչʱΧ׵ԵҲʼڲϡ
ҹʮ˫Ŀ֮˸µ׵â
ռ֮У·񽣵ɭȻһ㣬ɢĹ⻪ϡ
Ȼ֪ҶҪ˵ʲôҶĻ֮ıһΪϵĻ͵ٴθֳ
֮
ٿž޴ǹӵ֮ԾȻ֣趯ȥ
׵ĺƽٿʼɡ
׵죬Ϊǿ໥һ𣬼Ǹźһεľ룬ȴҲ׵Ľ׵ںһ
ˡ
ٴεʮö׻ҶУͬӵһĴȥڿռ֮У·ǳ貣貵Ĺ⻪ȴǿߵɫʼ仯
޷ŵĿҶ죬Ϊϵ壬׻ҲȴҲԵû˵Ĵֱʡ
⼸ʮö׻飬˵ĵطĻµõĽǳ˳ġ
䡭
ʮö׻ȻΧߣ׵ʼľۼһγɵĹâ·Ƕħ۾ͷԼħһ㡣
СС׻ҲҪκεסңСӣܵҵһ֮󣬾ȻԴȴҲֻˡ
֣ƻ裬ȻһסԼɫ񸫣һ޴ĸлӶʼۼɡ
ҹʮĽû⡣
Ǿҹʮ֮Ҫǿߵһ˲䣬ҶȴҲ¶˵Цݣ

¡¡
ʮö׻飬·ǵõһһ㣬Ĳ˼ʮ£˲ʱ̣Ȼıˡ
޴Ĳͷ·һֿµĻɽ緢һ㣬ǿΧĿռһĲҡΣѷ·֩һʼܷɿӣγ˴Ŀĵĺۼ
Щ׻飬һööö޷ȥκεסǼʮöںһ𣬲ǿȴԵĳκεһ󣬶УںҶġԪԼҹʮ𴫳֮
ߵ໥ںϣʱռȾΪ׵ͻ硣
䡭
޴ĸӰڷʩչԷԵǲģһȴѾǾ޴׵ͻ׵ȥ

սħﳤһ֮ԵĴ˿˿ѪϢȻ⶷սħܵش򵥡
ž
ҹʮҲ漴ﲻϵĴڴϢš
ҶɫҲ൱ѿղŵʱΪȻȥʩչԼĿռ֮Լ˾ʹ˵Ҳ˾޴Ԩ֮УڱԷǿеĻһ֮󣬶ԷӴȴҲ˽ˡ

ڵ˱ſռеϢһֽҪϢĸоҲʧˡ
ֵĽľӴ֮עߵڣǶսħҹʮϢƽ
𣿡
սħȷ˵
׻ǺģȻ˵ϻȥɱ̫žǿߣǼʮöںһĻǿȴ㹻κεһλǿ߱ɫģڣҵ׵ʮ챾Դ׵֮໥ںһ𣬳׵ĽһƬռγһ׵磬ǿһ޴һȻǿĺܣȴҲôӴɶȹġ
ٴεĴϢ˼֮Ҷ̾˵
һʵѾﵽ˴̫žڶľˣڶ죬һʵҪǿһľ磬û뵽ǾȻһ̫žǿ߸ˡ
˵޲һֽٺĲ
ͻأľʱɫ׵ͻȼ֮أһ΢ġžҶע⣬ǶսħҹʮɫҲʼ仯
ȥ΢ڿνǲľԱ
ȻΧޱȵ⡣
һ
ҹʮǶʼ
ˡ
һǿ·صĹһ㣬ѸٵĿʼչֳɵȻŤͬһռ֮ʩչԼӴ壬Ŀռڲһ㡣
á㿪
Ҷĺ
һѽսħҹʮ˦
䡭
Ҷɱһ˲䣬һ޴ɫӰ·Ǵſٵصһ㣬Ľԭڵĵطնϳ׵ĺۼ
ǡȻҽұȵ̶ˡ
һޱߵı
֮Уһǿɱ⣬ɱ⣬ΧĿռ䶼ʼñ쳣ͷ·һı֮һ㡣
Ҷ졢սħҹʮߵɫʱĿʼı仯
ֻһȻ˺׻ĽΧ䳹׵Ĵ漴չֳ
ֳ־޴ɫ񸫣ϵĻѾ˲ϴ˿˿˺ۣȻЩ˺۲֮ľһ𣬿ȥҲ൱ĺˡ
һִڲϵľۼÿһ·һ߰ĲС
Ӵռ䶼ڲһֽŤӣʹӰҲ𽥵ıЩģ
ӰӲһλǿ߻˭
һû
սħ۾ʼ
ȻڿʼʱҲйһ˿Ĳ²⣬ǵĿǰһеʱȴɵȥܡ
Ļ쵰
ǿߵ


1408 ʥӤ
Ť׷·һŶħǿߴʱоԼܵĪ裬ǺεȵǿߣϵλµΪ޷Ǳһֶ㹻԰ˣȴϸ˵ĶԴˣֱһֱɱҪܵĸо
Ҫ΢ϡ
ŭ֮֮ſµɱ⿪ʼγɡ
ɱ
Ҷ˫ĿȻĺ
Ȼ޷ܣֻս
䡭
һ޴Ļ󻺻չ˳
һ˲õĿ»

һֹϵ֮Գ֮ΪϣڣľѧѾ𽥵ĿʼʧˣֻЩӴź͹ϵ֮вŻڣһ棬ΪҪɹҪ̫Ŀˡ
ҪɹĴһŻǾҪҵһ
ʱǹϵʱڡ
޻ħޣ޵ȵȣʥаﶼѾΪµſʼ𽥵ʷĳ֮С
ҲΪԭǿνǿ䱦
߱
ֹϵڹϵʱڣֿ֮Ҷľѧ䱦ſԽ׵Ĵеľ֮Ŀռ֮Ǵ߶ȥ˳ԭ֮һ
һ
ҶҲûıѡԼĻ϶Ϊһ
߱һϾȻ߱ϵ߱¼ħ̥ļֵ޷֮ģϵ棬Ԫıƺ飬ص䱦ĿֲڣѰңڣֻĸ߹ѪͳſӵУСӣ㾹ȻӵʥĻˡ
Ťӣ·һ
Ѫͳ
ҶЦһ
һ̫žǿߣǱһӵĿֲǼǣһûа취շѹӵĲҪ˵ǰǿˡ
Ҷȴûа취սΨսܹ
زػƽս£
սħһҧȻϱ˸貵ĽɫââȻ貣ȴû˿Ĵ̶ĸо෴ǣһִ͵̬о⻪ԼϿʼ䣬ҶǸоһϵ
֮
ҹʮ컺֡
һƻۣ
һö޴֮ĳ֮С
һ޴֮Ȼȫʵ廯ӵ·˿˿ѪԵĴŶԷǻݻġ
ںϣ
оߵɢǿҶȻҲȥ⣬Լһ
𡭡
Ӵʼͷų޴߱ӰҶı֣Ҷ棬ǳֳ߱ӰӣȫĺԼ໥ںһ
һɾ޴·Ǵ֮мȡһ㣬ԴԴϵĿʼԼڲϵߡ
һǿҵĸоͷ·ǸоˣԼһ̣׵ããǿһ㡣
ȻҶһжֻʱģһͻڵľ֮ûʩչϣûжٵ֪ڵѾﻢˡ
ǰһʵ̫Ŀˣڵʩչ˻һûиϵİա
ɡ
ףЦݣԣ޴񸫶ʱĿʼʩչ˼¡
ΧĿռһҡΣΧȻҪȥǿеסȴҲûа취ȥΧγΪµУ׵ĽЩиΪƬ
Ľһ̤㣬ʱĽ̤ƣ޴ĸӰչֳ
׵סߡ
ս
ŭһ
սħʩչԼĵزħϵĵزػƽս¸ɢĽɫâ
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Ҷ֮ۡɺ˫ĿߺһȻļһµ񽣣
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ڲ޴ĸӰǷҡΣͼҶ֮ǿµĿռ֮Ľ˺ѡ
ɱ
Ҷ񱩵ŭһ
ʱ򣬺ò׵Ľ˶Էֻգ۵ʱѣһͻƵġ
ɱ
ҹʮҲǿ񱩵ŭһ
ʱ߶֪˵ǰһɱĻһľͻǣνʴȣеһжҪͳͳ
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䡭
ͬ죬һֱԼΪǿ
ȭȭӡ죡죡ѷ
ҶļΪµľѧڶ̶̵ǧ֮һӵʱ䣬ʩչ˳
ƣһӿڵȴûϢʱ䣬֣һȦչ֣
߱񽣾
߱񽣾ҶΪǿĽʱޱߵѹ֮£һŽʩչ˼£֮䣬µ߲Ǵǧ֮ʼıŽȻҲڽ谭ȴûа취ֹסǿµٶȡ
ϣ
䣡
̡
׵磡Σ𡭡
һз·ǽΧһг׵ںϳΪѵ

޴Ĵ￪ʼŭ
ʹΪµĻ֮У޷ܣԼһµĴ̫žǿ߾Ȼᱻǰλϸʹ⡣
ŭ֮У񱩵ƶʱĿʼ˳⾪˵Ŀ֮ǰǿռĽʱıˡ
Ҷһľ
һ֮УһԿµ۾ȴ·ħһĶ׼
ǿѾˣߵУΪǿһˣҶ죬ֻɱܹеŭͿֲ

һ֣ȴ·ʥּ⣬κεһ˶޷ȥ谭סּ⡣
ҶһĽӲӴ߱ŭ
ȴûһ˿ӣԷǿеƿסˡ
ģģ
Ǿ޴ĸӰ̫ˣ쵽˼£ӿĿֲӵĽҹʮͶսħݺݵײɳʮ֮⡣
ãҪ𣿡
Ҷͫ˼£еļ䲻ϵԺ֮и֣һеѧǷɿߣʱȴȵķ֣ûκεһѧԽڵ
ˣ
ۼǾ޴ĸӰѾҶԴֲĲѾҶһѩ˺ѳΪޡ
ң
սħҹʮ˫ĿɵùԲҪѪһ㣬ȴ޷ȥ
ˡ
ٴεĳһĲʱҶоⲨⲨԴüģüĵԦ̫ʮѪʥӤ
ߡ
ͻȻչֳ·Ҫǰһг׵ķŭһ㡣
ǿ߾㵵֮УֻҶü֮УʱĳʥӤӰԦ̫ʮѪ˸ޱߵΧһУ׵
ǡʲô
ǿߵĺ
һ֮УҶȴѾоǰ֮ˣȻޱȡ
һ֮߱񽣾ȭȭӡ졭
¡¡


1409 

Ҷһŭ𣬶ʱʥӤȭͷѾֳһµĹâޱߵٴεҶȫɱǿߵεֿܹס
ҶۻƽʥεȵǿᣬٴεļϵȥɱԷȻˮɡ
Ҫɱң㻹˵㡭
һֲŭݳ
Ҷɫ΢΢һ䡣
ֻǿߵ˫ĿȻûĹâİĴ̳ϵļڷĳ鴤ϢϮǿ̬ݻ˼£ϵļ⣬һ̶쳣
͡
ϵĳ۱ǿе˺ѡ
һֲֿͼڿʼǵϵͼڣ·ӡһ㣬ص档
һֳ񸫣ն˲յͼڡ
ȻͼڿȥЩģǳİȴҶкݺݵһǡ
ģһµͼѾһ㣬ݻϢоһֿµвһڹѪ֮е𺳡
һȻĲ򵥡
Ҷһɺ˸ͬʱϵѪȴ·һ񱩵һ㣬һƵѪʼ˸͵ս⡣
ǹϵսѪʼڲ
ǿϵİѪѪ֮дкʹµѪͳҲ̲סĿʼս⡣
ս⣡
죡
꣡
ΧĿռǿǿе𶯺˺֮Уʼı
ҶûʥӤȴƥȻȥǿɰصľ޴Ҷ챾˶֪
ӵû뵽ӤһξȻĳӭС

ĽսҶûк¹ŶԷҪԼƣʱ䣬ٶȿʼøѸͺͼ١
䡭
һְֻӡȭһֹֻϵĴѷ
һһᣬ໥ںϣһ̫ӡǣ
ֲ˺Ϣ漴ݻһѽϵһѪ⿪ʼǿе˺ѣ
Ѫ

⣡

һеһУڴʱ·Ǳ仯Ϊ˲ҵ޴Ŀ裬ֲŭޱߵɱݻ
Ҷ˫Ŀɺ˸ϣ·һ㣬ǿе˶Է塣

ŭεȱ˵ĶԴⲫ֮սϵĴ˿µıȻ֪ԼƵǴﵽһʲô̶ȣǵֲľʹѾ޷ܵ˵ġ
ŭ֮Уһ޴Ļ󻺻
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һʱ䣬ڳĶսħҹʮߵ̲ס¶˾㵵ɫǸӾ㵵ȴҶ쾹ȻٶȾ˵һȭػȥ


1410 Ѫ
ѪĹʼ赽ΧĿռ֮У޷ݵȻоȴ
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Ѫǰ׹ǣʼΧɢ
Ӱÿһȭĺɱ·ؼħĶԿ
Ǻݻڻûһʥ߿µĻ
һĶսħҹʮߵ̲ס¶˾ɫǰսѾ׵ĳߵĲŰ֮ȴһָصϢϢεصֿǿɢ
һĸо
ҶҪһ̣ͻȻ䣬оԼڣѪ·ȼһ㣬һֲĵĲͬͨݻ
ѣ
׵ľѣ
ǱҶսѪʼȼ
̨һöӵĹڻתţݻΪһبŵս
͵սȼղϣҶϵƣ·һ̿ʼȫĻָһ㡣
Ѫ
ŶԷϵѪһѪⲻ߻ħȴƺǸӵĿ£ҶоԼȼգڲϵȼգһӶ뷨зıǡ
оǰǿߵϣһԼҪĶ
Ѫ
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䡭
Ҷİӡȭٴεĳ֣ʱһȭľҪƺǷӵ쾡£ÿһҶ趯ԽԼΪ
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ϢҶ֮зʩչ
쵰
оҶϵƺϢȻڲϵǿߵжҪˡ
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Ǹ߸ϵĴ̫žǿߣҶʲôʵԷһ첻𾳵ΪûдﵽССǰֱû˿һֶֻԽԷ
ǾһСȴ˳õʱ䣬Ҹղţǹ򡢾ѧȻס壬һ١
ǺεȵĻ
ţ
걾ǣ֮УŸ࣬ЩԽս飬Ҳ֪ȴû뵽ӵû˵˿ԸʮľͶֽа壬ֱ죡
ʵϣҶȷʵǶԷĶ֡
ҶƴȫҲԲǴ˵Ķ֣ʮĲ࣬޷þѧ̫žͰ벽Ĳ໹˵ԡ
Ҷ֮УƺǱһǿ֧ڲϵǿǿƺϵǿ
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ٴεĺɱҶİӡȭԷ񸫣
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ǴʱҶǰӡȭ֮УƺǶһָĲ
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ⲻҪģ
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޴ʹ̲סķ˷·Ŀް
ѩ裬ҶϼⶼŤǾ޴ʹУҪһֱĸо

ﲻϵĴڴϢţ˫۾໥ĶţϵĽ䱸ţϵɢſֲĲɱ⣡
ǿߵɫѿ˼£΢΢Ĳţղŵսһƣĸоƣġ
ǰҶ죬һɺ첻ϵ˸Ĺ⻪ͷ·Ҫ̴һ㣬֪ΪʲôȻǰȥͬϰļһһִֵ͵ӵ
ܵģѪҵİѪͳСȻ£ȴԵĲҵĶ֣ɳܣɳܰⶼǴһжǴɱֻɱܹ׵ɨҵĳ裡

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ҶҲ֪ʱĶҲܣεȵǿᣬղŲϵĽнսͽԷһˡ
о˶Էϴ־˵ĲҶҲڰԵĽȻϲһȴ޵еģоԼֱѾľѸٵĻָ˹
ҶѾ˼ƽϣ
ֻҪԼĿռ֮ˡ
ռ֮ЧǿֲҶȴֻһС֣ǸոյŶѣڵʩչҲֻһЩС͵ûжٵԸЩ߻ãԸǰǿߣȱ˺ܴʵ
Сӡò˵ҶĺҲԽŨǿֲĻǽһУ˵ĪܣҪɱ㣬ҵЩܣħ̥߱ҵġ
̰ɫһţĻʱıǡ
һңռɣռѹƣչ֡
Ҷ͸о˶ԷĲԾڵһʱѸٵĽԼе
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ǿĿռ֮ʱϵѪ߱ԼӴҪ룬˵Ч漴Ĳˡ
͡
֣
޷ŵ֮УҶ쾹Ȼһ̴
ѪѪͳҪģ
Դ̰֮УҶİڶԷ㵵֮У塣
һ̣ҶоԼŰ˲ͼ֮УǴŰ˲¥޺Ͱޣſ˫ĿһӴ뵽ڡ
һɿͷţһֻֻشӶԷ֮Уһâ
Ѫ


1411 ֣
Ѫ
Ҷ첻֪ΪʲôһֱҪȥõ֮
Ѫ֮УһֽĲƺѪ֮õĻԵĲģ
һĸоΪʲôһĸоأ
ҶĿһѪ˼
쵰
Ȼǿе˺ѣϿ񱩵ȴɴڡ
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ҹʮֳֹϵ֮һɱȥʱǿݺݵؽԷ׵ĺɱǧ֮⡣
ʱҶҲоһִδйУһѽԷѪڣȻûֿµѪȴ˲١
һѪ
սħ̲ס¶˹ŹֵɫҶ졣
һǿսĶ֣ΪǿߣԷʵɱĵȼ
ҶղȴԷݺݵѹ˵ֶοˣب֮ʱڶûгֹ˵ֶΡ
֪
Ҷ˵
ˣүǸߵȼǿҲ˵ĸоֽҪޱǿҵĸо·ǲ䳹׵ɺյͲˬĺܣһѪİѪͳѪ֮п϶ҮһֿµѪͳѪͳղһӱ͵ȫҲΪܵ˶ԷѪϢϵգռ˶ԷѪ֮Ѫĳɳ
սħҶľԼ⡣
Ҷȴûȥע
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ɱ
˱ҶǿеĶѪȻԪˣϵʵڻҹʮ죬ҶȴԿ϶ֻҪǸһݵʱ䣬˾ͽٴεѪֻ˶Էķչԡ
䡭
ҹʮû˵ֱӵһ֮׵Ĵݻ˶ԷֲǱҶһ֣ȥ

Էϵһɨ߲֮Ż˵ϣﲻϵĴϢţղŵսʵ̫ˣΪߵµĺܣˣˡ
ղô£ôͻȻı˾˵
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鷳
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ü֮еӤһԼûиоʲôԾĵطȻ֪ǿ󣬵ȴû뵽˵죬ΪҶ첻֪ʹõķĻӵĿֲģ
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ûȥ˵Եã൱һεľ˵̫δ֪ˣΪãȫġ
΢΢ķ֮УҶŷԼ壬һε˺ʵ̫ˡ
׵Ŀʼλ˵ȥٵĻĺӵأԼľǾȴҲѾ

ĽԷɵԼ֮֮У۳ΪӤ꾫ڿ֮ʱķ˻һӽԷٻȥ
СһҶ̲סһӣղܵǽһѸٰ
ӴļҶ꿪ʼ漴ĳԺ֮УǵԺ֮еһϢ֮Ҷɫȴʼ׵ı仯
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µڿʼŤҶоһֿµѹ
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ﻺ˵
͡
ʱģʮȻĳΧڿʼȥ
ЩȻûжٵĳڣҶţƾŶԷƻ㹻Էעġ
ȿȿȡ
ʩչӴҶ̲סһļٿԡ
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ҲҶ챻߲ɲǼ䣬ռڣӰظֳ
ֲϢƣ
ӴĹ壡
ˣ


1412 ŭѪ
һƵʥƵռŤһγɣ·񿪱أؼĵһʥ⻺һ㡣
Ϣ·Ƕһ㣬ڿռڲγʵʣˡ˻˻졣
ĲӵĽΧĿռ俪ʼ쳣
һеӰس
Ϣƣ޷ߵģ
Ϣ𽥵ɢߵĿҲر
ߵĳ֣ΧĿռ·Ƿʯըһ㣬ݺݵײһγžΪģΧĿռڲ㶼ʼѸٵĹѡ
ܵޱߵشһ
ˣģϣȥϣԵΪᡣ
һλݵȻϺЦһֻȻɵĵ֮Եøȥи뷨
ͷһʹڣϴŻۣϵڵһƬĿ񳱣ͷϳ趯·ǵһ㣬Ͽһ漴ݻΪԴȪ󣬳忪ʼ֣ںϵϣ⻪ǧ
СһֱôϲҴƿһնѣȻҲҪ˵̬ʵоĵĺܡ
˵֮ˣһλӣ˲ʮ߰ӣһϢȴϳɵĺܣϴŲڶԷϢü֮γһɰӡǣϸϸĿȥӡȴ˸߲ɫĹâԼĿԿӡǺ͹â֮Уһϵİľˣ·ҪΧһг׵˺һ㡣
һİֱײнһг׵ѹԼµ̬
һԻĿ˸źâϹЦݣһۿȥоһֱ߸ϵӡ
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һеһγһ֮󣬷·ǹһ϶µһ㣬һ۶оԼ˵궼бǿеС
Ȼû˵ϵϢȴԵûߺӣ෴ǣߵȻһĸ߰˫Ŀ֮ȴƺĳּɵɵԴͷǴˡ
һƵʥ˸·ʥʥһ㣬վȴ·ʱ̵Ķ𻯷˿ĲΧһ
߻ûг֣ϵϢȴѾǿʵ׵ĳ˳ǿϢĲҪȴȫĲϳ
塢塢ʥ塭ϵ壬Ȼܹط֣ҲһԵְ
ɫٴεĿ˵
˲ɷϵıǿߣü֮УǰĲӴݡ
˷һĵǿߣ΢΢ĸԼͷϵĵڣЦһ
ϵ֮УǴǿߺǴģ۵Ǻ棬嵽Ϊʲôܹʸ໥ĶԿֻǻսսǹϵʷ֮Уֱǹ֮е࣬ǹһȺսӡΪ⣬ʲôʸվһ𡣡
زмǶǿߣ˿Ĳ⣬ӣʱǿɫһı仯ϵļⶼ̲סĿʼŤɭ
ףҪĻǾͲҪԹҳ֣Ϳǵ岻˳ˣȻǹϵʷ֮УԺǵʹڣƾʲôʸ񣬻ڴԲѡ
Ψһû˵ʥǿߣƺǶߵĽͿͷϵķ̣˿û⣬ֻ΢΢һ˫ɫ˫Ŀڲ϶ħ̥˸˫ĿڲͬһȦȦУĲµӣͷ·ĺڰһ㣬޷ио˿
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ס죬Ϊĵܵܣλ𣿱֮ţʵѾﵽ˴̫žľ磬ǱҲǵһѡ
˵仰ʱǵ׵ЦȴʼԽľ൱µģ֮䲢ǺദǿŶԷ䣬εĲˬúܣʥǿߣҲ΢΢ڶ˼£ȻҲǿĵġ
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γɵԨµǿߣǿֲϢҶղսλǿ߸ӵĿֲٱ
Ҷ֪ԼһΣյʱֻ̣аȵıԼſԡ
ѪѾҵõˣڵңĻ˵ûᱻǷ֣൱ӴŵĻϢᱻǿеڸסġ
еһѪҶѾ˼ƽϣ

ֻҪһѪıѪͻٴεĳɳʱʵҲܶ࣬˵ÿлΪ첻𾳵ǿߡ


1413 һ
ѪһʵԵĴڣȴõġ
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Ҷǰһ仰ǰٷ֮ʮŵĺˮͰٷ֮һ໥ںϣ
еУűţܶȻźˮϵļӳ֣ȴ޷Щ໥ĶԿȻԼλϵĲҲеԭ֮һ
ΪؼȴΪʺֵԵʡ
ѪǾһеĸ
ҶԼԭѪ̶Ҳ߰˳ɶѣֻҪԼŬԽԼѪϵ׵뵽Լ֮УΪΪսѪʱԼʵĳɳһ棬ҲֻĽԼѪ֮Ż𽥵ֳ
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սѪٵˣȻսѪڣⱰ΢սѪڻû֪ս֪ĻǲǸøԼǱѪȻ˵;
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Ȼ˵սѪҶһֱǵһֹߣһĹߣûжٵĹУǶԷ˵˵һܿԼȵˣӺͲмʱҶŭ⿪ʼ˳
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ŭ֮У磬ɽӣ·һǳһ㣬ٴεĳҶײȥ
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ʱҶǿ񱩵Ľȴû̫ջӵľ˿ĲȻҶٶȣеȴƾǿľ飬˷


1414 ں
ϣ
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ҶĽȻµĺܣһĳ̶ϣƺûյԼеĹЧ෴ǣӵҶǿĽ£Ȼͬһµ̫ɽһ㣬Ȼվû˿ҶĽ
˿δ壬еѾǿġ֮

ꪣͬһɽݺݵѹ

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һ壬ѪĴУǰĿʼԵ̬˿ûнκεһ˷ϣİߣ£˭ˣȻ˵ǵˣҶȴҲǽ˵һֵĶ֣
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̲Ҷôʱһö֣ڿʼ


1415 ħ̥
ڣԴս֮γɵĹ֣ǰĿʲô֣ڿ⾹Ȼһöӵġս֣ҵһöս֣ȻѪŽܵϵ
Ҷܿıжϳ˶Է
ϵ֣֮УνǺٵģӵߣÿһλҲ޲žԵȨǿʵ֮ˡ
Щϵ֣ÿһöǾؾ͸Ӧ֮ŴڵģһЩһżĴߣһĴϵ֮󣬻Եɺ֮²γɵ֮
Щ֮Ȼǿ֪ġ
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΢΢˵һ˫ĿҲʼı
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ΪҶϣսħҹʮϣȴû뵽ҶϾȻ˱ҪµǱǾ˵ֶȫûи˿Ļᣬֱӵһսеľѧĳ
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ǵһǿߵԿĳսƺ򵥣Ȼ˵ʱսΪıӣȴԿĳԷԵĲһӶԷıϱԿĳ
뵽˵һֱ飬Ҷ첻ֹŹֵ뷨
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ҶȻ²սΪǿ󣬵ȴҲԵĲ̫ʮѪԭǿ
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ڵĴսѪǿϧǣҵİ벽ȴûдﵽģöòſԴﵽ˵ĳ̶ȡ
Ҷ̲סһȭߵ档
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ͻȻ뵽һҪ飬Լߵκεһ֮ж̲ſֲԪԽԼΪϵ
ھǿµս֮Ȼһ㡣
֮ϣµǿߣڿʼĻҲ֪᲻ɶԷע⣬˵һͻƵʱȴǵע⣬ҾԵľˡ
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ֻڹסǸԲεħ̥ʱȻʼĲţͷĶһԿµĺɫ˫Ŀ·ǵĺɫһ㣬ȼա


1416 ңթ
һ˫۾ĵ˸ų޵Ĺâ
·Ҫһг׵Ĵݻһ㣬ҶȴĿħ̥һĨۺʹȻħ̥һ׵׵ħ
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µϢȻħ̥ȻûȫѣȴѾչֳ˳ѰĲˡ
ǵǿߣϵĵǿ֮УϵľѧеĹϵ伮ÿһƺ˼£㻷ѬճĵȻų޷ƣһ۱㿴ħ̥ʱ
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ʥǿһֱû˵ƺĲϲǵħ̥ʱһԽɫ˫ȴ˸˿˿Ĺ⻪ϸϸĿȥԿ˫֮УƺǴĳĲ·ǿϵ趯
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ԼܵܵװãߵĻɫʱһѿ
ߣǵ̵Ǵ൱ãħ̥ΪؼıǶԷħѪµĲ֫ûжٵôסʥԴǲԼЩ𣿡
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Ϊǿߣǵ廹壬Լĸ߰ʥԴڵǣȻһĳ̶ϣǶʥԴ൱ļɵȴǾͺ˶Է
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׵Խ棬Ҵ˿˿ɷ͵ӿ
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ڵ̲סıеŭ⡣
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ʵԼܵܵĳ̶ȸӿ£ʵǴ̫žľ磬ڱϻϣǶԷԱġ
˫Ŀޱȣ·Ǵһ㣬˫Ŀ˸İ泹׵С
µļһ޴ţչԼΨҶİԵ֮
Ҫ𣿡
׵һĨмЦ˵
ߣħѪҲͰˣڱĪãףǵҺĻǱһ
ˡ
˵񱳺İѾʩչꪣ˵ס
ʥԴ۵ϲźۼһĨ⣬ƺǶǰһ൱⡣
𣿡
׵Դ΢΢ĵ˵ͷ
䡭
ͷųԼ͵
֮ϣͷ·ĳһ㣬ǳƣһ޴ݻ漴ϳΪһ޴ĵʥĵۣסȨȣԴϴŵڣһɿµĵ·ʵһ㣬û˿ɬıԷ־˵İ֮Ȼ˿Ĳ
͡
ʥĴȨȻػһĺۼ
漴ĶԷҲ¶ɫ
һССİҲҺʹ۽а壬
׵˫Ŀ൱˵
Ǹ߰Ϳ񱩵ȴøĻڲ
ɱ
ʧȥԼĵܵܣ˴ѹεܹܵסȻѡ˳֡
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ߵľ϶Ǵ̫žľ磬ϵѪͳʱʩչϵѪݻǳ䱬ռ䣬ҵķָΪ棬ĳŶԷ
һĵʮ㣬һİ֮
սʹ˵Ĵˣ
ϣ
޴Ļ󻺻س֡
޴ĴȨȣֲİꪣ
һεĽ֣ʱΧһ籩ǲʮ쭷Ŀ̶ֲȣҲ漴ĿʼΧһ
꣡
һһɫѷ쿪ʼΧмγɣǴŻϢѷΪ㿪ʼѸٵȥ
߲ǳǿߣ˵ʵ֮жǶˡ
̫žǿߣ֮洫ӵĳ̶ȣұһ洫ӶҪֲ;ˡ
¡¡
ռ䲻ϵݣγһµĺۼ
ߵĳ֣ÿһζһδξ޴˺
ΧڣǱĲޱȣγ˵µĺۼѪ裬һȾΪ˵ӡ

һֳ֣ꪣͱİĳһγΪ޴ܣ֮һлޣ鵽˼¡
£
׵һ˫Ŀ·Ҫгâһ㣬ͫ׼ٵ˸ΪֲĹâ·С̫һ㣬κεһ˿ȥöԷоĲͱ䡣
ˡ
ȨԾȻ֣
һʥԴۣһԽɫ˫ĿҲڲϵı仯֪Щʲôǲϱ仯֮УȷĴһַ̰
ֻ͵߶ս˿ûпһ㡣
䡭
ۡ
ߡ
һµײ֮ȨȰꪲߵʱĵ˳ȥѪϵ˺۲ϵѿ
ղŵһУȻȫ֣ȴҲܵصĴˡ
ҲʱʥԴ۳ˣ
ʥ޵У
ﻺĺȵ
һɫӰڱ֡
һŰɫ۵Ļ󣬶Էֳһʥ֮ޱȵıˡ
ǳ۾ȴݺݵסߵ塣
ʲô
ʥԴۣ쵰
ʱ͵ڷӦ˹ԼԵܵʥԴ۵ݺǵŭ˲˼¡
ħ̥ҲܲˣһҵģߣǸҳɡ
˵䣬ǱʥͻȻĳ֣һǺӣߵѸٵĴ˿ռ䣬˳ȥ
ţߴʱѾܵشԼȫǡ
һհ
һ֮´һɺԨ֮£ֵ˸ϡ


1417 ɣɣ
Ҷ˫ĿɺĹ⻪ԾоΧҵϢ𽥵ĻָҲ漴¶˿ĵɫ
û뵽ʱתˡ
֮дһ˿ϲ
ԭΪԼһǺ鷳ˡ
Ͼ߼һÿһλǳǿߣԼʵʡѾˣȴҲ޷ıһģֻû뵽ǣ߾Ȼħ̥ķ˷硣
һ㣬ҶҲܿˡ
ԶǴκһеġ
ʥ塢֮Ĺϵãӵ˵֮ս
ħ̥Ҷûжٵ뷨ģڵûʵҶҿ϶Լһħ̥ߵĻ߲˶پͻᱻסġ
һߵĻĶʵ̫ˡ
Ҷ̾Լ൱õʱͻȻģ֮дһ˿ĸӦӦҶǲתԪĸı䡣
˫Ŀ΢΢һֲԤпʼɣ
ûôĿӵɡ
һ̣ڲȴڷıڵ̫ӡǻûϣĽҶ챩ʼۼ˳Ҷо൱ѪԼսѪںһ֮󣬳׵ĸıԼѪﵽʮʮսѪҲ漴ˡ
Ҫͻˣ
ԵĻҶǺҪġ
Ҳ̫˵ɡ
ҶЦ˵
ʵϣʵЩ㱳ˡ
Ͼ˵ʱ뿪ĻһܺõĻᣬǿѾ뿪Ŷһľ沢ڶʱ֮ڱƣһͻƵĻ֪ʲôʱŻн
ǸоԼ޷ƵҶӵһ㣬˵ڵԼȥѡͻƣԺѹͻƽӵѣǰһڵԼﵽ˰벽ľ磬ϴαһһͻƵĻᣬٴεȥƵĻԼľˡ
үģƴˡ
һ㣬ȻʱȽϵĿӵҶҲûѡˡ
΢΢һҶٵĽԼѧʼת
䡭
һĹѵĺۼȻɣۼ˺ɫѷ죬ÿһԵø漴ѷۣΪֲĺڶΧ˸˺ѡ
ڶƻӴɣ
ҶڲҶľѧתȻ˲䱻һ롣
ۡ
һѪҶɫ΢΢һ䡣
ڴﵽ˴ľ֮ÿһͻƶ൱ѵģһҪԵɺϵһҪǿ׼׼ǵҩ;ʯ
ΪͻƵĹ֮УҪȥһ㡣
ֻҶȽϵ⻯˵һЩ෴ǣǿҪͻƵĻҪȴ˳ǧ򱶡
߱
ҶһҧʱĽԼĵڶٻ޴߱ĳ֣漴Ľռ֮еʼ뵽УٴεĹ뵽Ҷڡ
ѾҪɺԵʱһ
ҲʱҶȴоˣԼΧƺڱһȡ
ü΢
ۣ֮
ΧһݻҶԺ֮С
֮ҶʱһֿЦõĸо
ֻħ̥֮Уţħ̥ƺǸоΧʼ𽥵ı΢Ȼѡ˺Ҷȥ
갡
̲סıһһ
ΪСүǺ۸𣿡
Ц˵
ǾʱҶϱȴ¶˹Źֵɫ
ΧڣͻȻ֣ԼղŵΪЩ׳ˡ
ΧڣӴ˼µڣȭͷСĳ̶ȣȴ̲ž޴ԼȥȥѡɵЩռϵһְ׳յΪ
߱ɣ
Ҷзĺ¶˿ĵɫ
ڵĹƣҪͻƵ첻𾳵ΪҪõͨʱҪҪǧ򱶵ĵزѰ˵ӵĿ£ԼҪʮ򱶵
˵Ҫ˵ˣͨţľһжѴġ
Щȴ⡣
뵽֮дڵľԪ;ԪҶѾԵĿĲѡ
¡¡
߱岻ϵÿһεͶ·ҪΧһиǿеѹһ
𡭡
һŭ߱ǿֲ֮Ѿչ˳
߱Ч³Ҷ֮⣬ĺ˽⵽
Էϲռܹ֮УѰıȻ֮ǷͬСɵġ
ʱҶȫ룬ʹ߱ǿʼǴڶԷڵѾʧˣǶԷ֮УڹȴûʧʱҶƿ£ٴξ
䡭
Ȼıעˡ
оͷ·ǸɺԵĴ棬ͻȻĽһһ㡣
Ҷÿһϸÿһ缡⡢ÿһεѪ̰˱һɹɵ
ͣ
ҶаԵĺȵ
һһᣬһĪĻᣬô޴Լһθɲ˵ģǻֻһΣԺºȥѰô޴ˡ
뵽Щ֮Ҷٶٴε
ݡ
ڵڣƺγһ̬һ֮󣬱ᱻǿеռȡϣ֮вϵĴڸɺԺͳӯ״̬
ǳ˿һеĻ˲϶̵ġ
ӴҶһεĸɺԺͳӯḶ́㹻һѰͻƵ첻𾳵ľˡ
Ҷ˼ʮεĵزûб͡
߱׵ˬˣɵĿУʧȥٴβÿһεɶһεĴԷǿ󣬱Լǿ޵һ̶ϾԵűޡħޡ޵ȵСĵط˵Ҷûȥʡ
ҶɵҲ൱ˬ
Լĵ֮еȻϵıעɺԵҶȴҲڲϵĸıš
̶̵ʱ䣬ٴεĹѾȥˡ
ҶȴоӴƺע뵽һ޵׶һ㣬ûг̬
´Σ뵽˴̫žľ磬֪ǲǵһԪأ
ҶЩζ˵
ѾĻûн뵽첻𾳣ȴڿ̫žˣ֪뷨֪᲻˵ĳ嶯
ôӴҶͷ·һһ㣬ϵĿ߱ɣҶע뵽Լĵ֮У˾޴ҶȻѡ˷ѵ˲Լĵ֮⣬ҶӵĽ뵽Լĸط
žžž
֮ϣϵڷ˵
Ҷ찵ԵĴˬʱȴûпĶ棬ħ̥һֹŹֵڿ


1418 
ҶĽףһҪ
ԭҶϣҶľѧÿһֵֶº졣
Ҷս֮УԽսһΪѧϵĹɡ
Ҷġתһѧĳ̶ֳϾٶȡ
ǡתĸġ
һɵɣҶ콫ȡѰҪѸĽٶȡ
ѰҺѣԭɽ׵ȴʱ򣬽Щ
ҪҲԽࡣ
ãҲҶɹԭ֮һ
Ľ״ʱΪۺ̵棬ȻҪҲͲҪˡ
֮У̲ŵľԪʵ̫ˣһƴСڣʹó˼ʮյĿޣǸŶսħҹʮ飬Ҳе˿ȥȡеġ
ҶоƺֻЩſµЧ
ԵλǿҲûзһ㣬ûз֣ڵĵλҪԣʵϱħ̥ЧѶá
оΧ߱£ٵĽ뵽Լ֮УҶﲻϵĺٵĽ뵽ԼڲоԼΪεĴʼ˱ԭǿĲ
һĸоϵĴû˿ʹ࣬˵һεĽҶн֮Ϊʱ̣һƮƮɵĸд
΢΢ĻӶһԼƣҶ֮Եĸо߱洫õĲ
߱Ҷĵڶֻ൱ԡ
ҶΪ߱ˣȻҲ֪֮߱Ի뵽ʱյֻΪ˶ΣգǵֵӴŵҲʼ
ЧҶ̲ס
ɰɣŬɣ˵Ӵ󣬲θڴ󣬾̲ȥ
ʱҶͻȻоԼ߱ƺ΢΢Ĳһ£Ĳ΢Ҷ춼ûȥ⣬ǺܿģƵȴڲϵ
ô£
Ҷ΢΢һ㶡
ü֮չʱһ֮һȻĳ߱ȥ
ĵڶĸоҶ˵
ѸٵоĴ֮£Ҷ֮Ȼƿһڡ
һĵطʼγɡ
һϴСĺɫġ
ϸϸĿȥеڹһ㣡
ʲôȻڵڲ
Ҷ΢΢һ
˵Ȼʮ㡣
Щ״壬ȥö֮࣬ңңĿȥ죬
Щ״֮ﾹȻ߱ı仯ҶҲȻĲСˡ
漴һ֮ĿʼչΧס˶Է
䡭
ոյĽ״֮ڲʱһɾ޴˲ûаҶһˡ
Ҹǡ
̲סĽһѣĸо漴ɣҶʵǿᣬ״ε˹飬ȴû˿׼ֱӱ۷衣
ʲô
Ҷüͷ
Ǹоһ˿ɵζС
óȻȥӴĻҶҿ϶Լһʲô³ģȻĻǻᱻԷǿеĸԼһġ
𡭡
߱ĺƺǿʼøҶĲڶԷĺ֮УһڴһǿҵڴƺЩ𣬶˵Ī档
Ȼ˵Ļ޷ȥӴֻܹˡ
Ҷлؿ˵
ҡɣ
ＱٵĺȵĿȨٴεĴﵽ˼£ȫȥ߱뵽Щ֮С
߱յģνﲻ̣ﲻֻգ۵ʱѣǾ޴ڱѾѸٵɳΪһµͨ

״֮ʱ·ǳԶһ㣬ٵı
һѺۻ˺ɫĲ漴ľۼһγΪµĺڶ
ڶɵЩ״ڽ뵽˺ڶ֮Ҷ˫Ŀʱһĵɳ
ΪڵĲ²⵽Щ״֮ﵽʲôˡ
ڵĺģΪֲ;
һĴڣȻû޵ĺĵЩ״壬ȴǶԷΪԴͷҲĺĲ֡
ʮö֮ҶоԼĵ֮еѾ˳һ㣬ѸٵĿʼ

оԼ֮зڵҶɫ䣬ĺȵ
ա
ϵı쳣漴ʩչͨԡתΪˡ߱ħ֮Ҷڵ̫ӡ֮лʡ
Ҷ廯ΰ̬
ݻ޴̫ӡǡ
Դ棬һֹӵ̻ɣȴֻΨһ
صĺܣҶȴҲ֪Էãȴ֪Էǿ󣬺ǿ
һɵġ
һãӡǲϵš
¡¡
֮ϣ֮У
һ׵ھۼһĻʼٵɡ
ڽ뵽˲֮ǰҪܵĥѡ
ЩǿƺǱĳǿǿеĶסһ㣬ʩչͬһȺɽͻȴһεĴͨȴ޷ʩչ˵ĸоʱЩ̲סķŭ֮ǶڲķŭҶķŭ
ΪҶĽѣ
ÿһεתᷢһ޷Ĺâ漴ٴεڷɵ֮Уӹ˶ڻ׵𻨵ȵǿĵֿ
ҶһȻ޷֪ģڵֻһһЩµ
̫ĺˣÿһöĹɵҶǧڵҪֲĶ࣬ھĳ̶Ҳøӿֲ
ʱȻͨ飬ȻоӶԼĺģЩǿĸԼڼεǿ󣬵ȴҲҪЩĺ֧ţû군ˡ
ʱڷɿţҶ֪ʱϵı˴Լʮ֮˾֮ȴٴε˰ö֮ĳ̶ȡ
ⲢҶ޷ȥ֪ϾɱĻκεһﶼá
žϵҶƺҲʼˮǴߣ뵽һµľ硣
㾳֮Ҷ漴Ŀʼŷ˵Ĺâһ޴ĻΧڵʱҲٸЩȻ֪ҶڶȡҲ֪ҶŹһ
ڤǧǧۡ˻󡢴ۻʥ֮⡭ҫһ֮Ļҫһ˵ϣκεһ˶޷ȥ󵽵ġ
䡭
һ񱩵𶯣ҶڲƺȻһɬһȴһǺӰ̬عƽһǿĲҶͷ˳
𾳡ɣ


1419 ħ̥ͨ
𾳣
첻𾳶Ϊ
оԼϵԴԴϵĿʼ֮ߣһ̫ӡǸǻһʯ̬ҡҷҶ̲ס¶˿ĵɫ
Ĵ첻𾳵Ľ׿νǾǧյḶ́Ϊһĳ֣ҶǴ첻𾳵ǿˣ˵Ļһж˽ףǿһӶǰ벽ĳ̶ȣҪ뵽첻𾳵ΪǾĳ̶ˡ
Ƕڰ벽˵кôҲлڽ뵽˰벽ľ֮ĳ̶˵Ҳǰ𾳵ǿˣ˵۵Ḻ́ѰҪĶࡣ
۵Ĺ֮УҲǺĹ̡
˵֮УҶ۵ҲҪõĶ࣬ǱͬҪǿܶ౶
ҶĵĴ˳򱶡
ԴԴϵǿµ˼¡
Ŵ첻𾳵ǿߣǲ𾳾ǿߣҲˡ
ҶΪĵĻ洫Ӽǿߡ
Ҷ쵨ҿ϶ӣÿһλӦٴﵽ˴첻𾳾Ϊһܹ˵ĳ̶Ⱥ͵λƿضȻеٮٮˡ
ӦûǻеģҶڵľ洫Ӽĳ̶ȻһЩҶնɱ̫žΪսǶѡ
һδεɱٸһλᣬҶǾԵĲұ֤Լ̶Ⱥˡ
һʵȻ洫еٮٮߣ洫ٴﵽ˴첻𾳵۷̶ȣҴ̫žǿҲӦûڣϻƽ̵ӣ󵽣ƽ̵ӵΪܹﵽһεȾ˵ĵز
ҶĲ²⣬𽥵ģ˫ĿٴεĿʼպ
ȻǴﵽˣҶȴǲҴ⡣
ڽ֮ÿһλ޶ҪȥԼʵҶҲ⣬Ȼӵһ㣬ǹ֮󣬶Ϊž޴ĺôġ
뵽ЩҶȻĲȥˡ
ĺĿʼƽҶҲͷų˵˵Ĺ⻪⻪⣬˿˿Ϣһۿȥͷ·ǿһһ㡣
ʵҲǲ𾳵һ޴ĺô뵽˲֮ٴεĸı䣬ȫĸıҶڽС첻𾳵Ϊ֮ʱҲıһΣǸʱȴоԼɱ䲢ס
һβĳ׸ıԼ
ƣһĽ뵽˴첻𾳵ĻӦٴε˺ܶ˰ɡ
Ҷ﷢˵ĸ̾ؿ˵
ܿС
ɵĿռ֮С
һζεѾųԼĹ⻪
ʮεƣÿһεƶʮļӳ֡
֮ΪǿһַˣϵļӳֲһѾˣֻǲ֪ϵǴŶٵķܹٴεһηҵ֪֮᲻ٴεĽܹﵽһΰٱļӳЧľͷˡ
Ҷ̲סĿʼһYYĳ嶯
Ҳ֪ⲻʵʣ漴ĻĽYY뷨ȥ
֮Ƶ֮УһζεƣÿһĲɢ˾˵ЩϿνǿĺܣһ̶ϸӵĽΧЩûѵƸѹ

ϸϸЩƵ֮Ҷϼⶼ̲סһ鴤һȻڿʼʱѾ²⵽ˣԼһεĽνǴﵽһʵɱ䣬Ҳû뵽Ȼɱ䵽̶ȡ
Ƕô˵ְ
ʮΣ
ʮεơˣ
ԭʮεѾ൱ĿֲˣһͻƾȻʮεĳ̶ȡ
ٱļӳЧ
Ҷ˫Ŀ̲סɺ˸˷ܵ⡣
ٱζ޷ġ
ϵļӳ֣ҶһָоŴ첻𾳾ǿߣһȭԷ
ٱĻҶ춼޷֤ܹﵽһôĳ̶ϡ
ֻܹ΢΢ĴϢһ֮󣬲ŽڷʵѪϢѹ
߲
תԼ߲
߲ҲٴεĽˡ
Ƚ϶ѣ߲ԵѷɫһЩﵽһǧ֮Ч
ǺܿҶȴӦ˹
һǧ֮ļӳ֣
˫ĿɵùԲ
ҶʱɵЦˡ
޷άԭֵˡ
һǧ֮ļӳ֮Ҷ쵨ҿ϶Լ洫ĵӣԽԷ趼ʶˡ
һɣεģһΣǲŹġ
ҶﴭϢѵ˵
һжȻ˵Ҳʵһ֣ҶȴԵĲϿһ㣬ֻϿʵȻҶҲԿ϶ΪԼԵĺһĻһͿԽԼնɱˡ
ꡭ
Ҷ켱æʩչԼ֮
ϵϵҶ춼С˶Է
һֶҶǿĸ˵εģҶ첻Ҵˡ
ҶٴεĽԼ֮ʼ֮Ҷ췢֣Լ֮ҲһĳɳǱԼʵĽԣֳɳȴǿġ
һҶ쵹һ׼ˣϾ˵ʩչʥӤ֮֮ıˡ
ܹٴεĻָԶҲΪ֮ЧȻһΰѪ꣬Ҳеһԭˡ
֮֮УĲҶ̲סһֳĸо˳һɲҶȫʩչԼ֮ʶͨһ㣬Խǿ֮ĳɳҷɿķ˳ȥ
ΧһĻʱĳҶԺ֮С
ҲʱͻȻһĲǰ
Ⲩ΢֮ܳΪ΢ۡ
۲Сȴ·Ӥһ㣬ȫһŰֽĿΧһС
ҶʹĲס˶Էһ˿
ȻģҶ˲俪ʼˡ
Ҳ
̲סıһֿڣҶ֪ˣԼƵһο۵굽ʲô⡣
ħ̥Ĳ
갡ΪʲôҪң
Ҷ̲סıֿڵĺ
ǴʱһԵĸоҶѾ뵽Լڲʱķ·һһ㣬ѸٵĿʼӿ˶Ҷļȡ
ܿģһζεļ俪ʼԷȡȥȻ̳֮ΪȡҲЩʵϣڿ깲
֮󲿷ֵļ俪ʼ໥
ҶɫȴԽıѿ𿪡
ˣˣһղԵľջҰЩļεܹҵļԱȰ
һթ겨Ĵ˳


1420 ȥ
Ҷνᣬ⿴۵һʵϣȴ൱ĽթҶҿ϶һħ̥ԲǺӤһĴ࣬ǽթ˼¡
Եģħ̥Ҳɱ˵꣬Ҷһȥɵ˶Է֮ٴεȥΪԼļ䡣
ˣħ̥ȻûȫѳȴѾһ˵Ʒ
ôõʱˣɵνǶĿ£֮֮У̲صļ䵽Ǵﵽһô˵ĳ̶Ȱ
Ҷ޷󵽡
ܹôļںһĻԭƷǺõģѾҲһʮļ˰
֮Уھͳ˶Էһּ䡣
£ҡҷ棬롭
һŮӰҶԺ֮˸ϣٴεĳֵıһɱ¾
޾ɱ¾
ʼһŮΧƵӰ񣬱ѾҶһַȵĸо˾ôõʱ䣬ƺǴһص״̬ʧϹûҵŮƺһʱҶԵˡ
ҲҶþûнӴŮĽˡ
һʱ䣬ԷӰνҶмעһſµըҩһ㣬ĺ̲סıü
Һóһζεɱ¾䣬ܿЩɱ¾ļ𲽵ҶȼյѪҺʼñ
ѾģЩʲô˵ļ䰡Ȼ˵Ļ棬ŮȻٴεɱ¾
ӿӵǣսǾȻȫһͷ޴ĺɫħţ
ǳʱҲҶѾƷ񣬲ǽˣʮļ൱ļӵڼ˵Ļϣһ
һƴ
Ҷ૵ĵ
Ȼ֪һʲôʱܹҶ쵨ҿ϶ħ̥϶һµı̬񣬵ĴӶԷļ֮УҶ֪һ˼µĻ쵰
һ˵˼룬ȴţ𣿡
̲סвһֹŹֵ뷨
ţȫҶţļ䲻ȻôŮ֣ģţүȻ޷ҵЩŮǼļ䣬ģģⲻѧˣţҪЩ䡭
һȻĴݳǴһִϢʵĲ
ⲨԴͷȻħ̥
˴ֱҶ뵽˻Ĺ֮еһ߸˵
Ѿľ˵һƷһ˼룬ڳˡ

ҶҲûĽе
㵨Һţүүа𣿡
ħ̥ݻһ޴ţͷֵӰĽе
Ȼ൱Ĳ
ðôļ䣬Ȼôķ
ˣӦǼţҶ̲סҧгݵĽе
ҧҰţүүɲ㣬ү˿ãôõʱˣ֮޷󵽵ġոȥүħ̥ϵĺ֮ǳȥмУôҲýһݵְ
ԷƺǶԼ൱ľᣬһʱĲϵţǸýţүţүү
Ҷ̲סĳһкߡ
޳ܵģûôҪġ
ֲ
ͻȻģԷƺҵʲôһ㣬ٴεĴһţôҶо൱Ƿء
ţħԺͽţħ
֣ҶûһͷԵȥ
֣Լ֮еĻ˭ģ
ܹôȥˣһ޵ļ䣬֪ǸʲôѹȥĻùĿ϶ңҶ찡Ҷ죬ѾǷɹ֮󣬸ϽĹҪԼأ
ҶʱǿƵ˵
Լļ֮Уһֵļ䣬Ӵ־ǿе
˵ԼԸ⣬ûԷ޷ȥýȨޡ
Ǵ󲿷ֵļ䣬ȴûȥоԼļڱԷӶᣬоͷ·Լ˽ı¶˿һ
Ҫôжôľᡣ
ౡ
Ҷ컹ٴٴεĶʥӤŽһѹʱͻȻߴһϤĽƺǺǿġ
ë׵ëͿɰˮ۾С׻˭
ǾҶ컹ʾĵʱͻȻģһĲҽ
ʲô
ҽĲǸղŻڵޱȵţħ
ʱѾڷһֽɱû̫ĲҽС
ʵҶ̲סһ¡
˵̬֪ˣΪѾڱһֻĸȦȦء
ౡ
С֮УԴһֵ⡣
ҶȻ㶵ˣƺǰʱҲйƵľĲҽУԴŵϢĲÿһֶԵøԣ̫ʮѪС׵ʱҲԵһ־ȡ
ȻأȴҲһ˲õļһֻС׵֮ʱȴûбֳ˿ĲǺèޣûȥԷ
СһƺԵѹŶԷ
ԭҶ컹ΪСǰڤѪڿĻⲢˡ
ౡ
Сһ˺˿ռ䣬ٵĴݵ˶档
Ҷ쾪㵵ǣһصڣȫûֹǰֱӵһ˺˶ԷķٵվţħԴϣСצӲϵڶԷԴš
һ㣬Ǻܷ϶ԷϰߺԸ
СһǵӣҶҲ漴¶һĨЦ⡣
ͷţħεȥС׵ĳ֣ȴõ˲Сİ
ΪӦС׵ڣţħҲѸٵĳ˻Ľе
С߰
Ȼһ˫Ŀ֮дĹâǺԵģСףŭ⣬ȴҲ˿뷨

Ҷ̲סĹЦ
С׻Ӷһֱۡ
ɣСס
ౡ
С׷˵漴ĳҶߡ

ȻӲ֪һʲôһȴһҼȼɵϢϢǿ󰡡
ţħϢ˵⻰ҲҶҪͼȥţħ˽һЩСϢ뷨׵Ĵˡ
һж㶨ˣǸϽĳȥɡ
˳
Ҷĵ˵ͷֵĽԼĵڶʼٻ˻
ʱĵڶѾչֳһ߱ƣӴҶо˾ζȻһεĴ֮У߱õĺôҲС
ȥ
µ߲͵̤㣬Ѹٵļӳֵһǧ֮ĳ̶ȡ
䡭
ħߵ趯Ҷ·ǻһһ㣬ֻ˸һ£һȴ뿪
ڰΧеţħһ˫Ŀ΢΢һ
С˫ӵļ䣬Ȼûһܹﵽ˵ĳ̶ȣСӲ򵥣ߣô϶١
֪뵽˫ĿţħԵһĹӡ
͡
屩ʱǿµţǾȻĽڴ̴


1421 󣡣
͡
¡¡
˫Ѹٵıħ·ԤʾһֲħѾһ㡣
Χڷļţħ̥ۣ²ŵģ˵ħ̥ĸףţħȴûжٵĺøС
ڵֵ̬ľ޴ΪܹõڲŻὫħ̥۳Ϊıгһܹ뵽ħ̥֮У˵ţħڵһһʱַֻû뵽ǣʱĻţħȻԼʶҲΪʶϵĳ֣ʹţħԽĲܿˡ

񱩵Ц֮Уһĺɫħıŷ
·µ̫ħɽһ㣬ͣѸٵĽںݺݵ飺
ڳˡ
𡭡
ڷ˲ʵŭţħȴûԷһɺ챬µĹâ
ǸСӵĻŮһܶ࡭
˵䣬ţβݺݵ˦˺ڿռ쳹·һʵĺɫħһ㣬ȻȥΧƹںݺݵնˡ
˵ôõʱˣҲ÷ˣӿɲԼѡ㽫Ӵ˳֮ĶԹˡ
˵ģţħͷϵֻţȻһʱµĺɫʼţǼϻ˳
ˡ
ֲĲһǿϢ
Ϣڷݻͱ
漴˿˿ĺɫΧ˺ɫΧ

䡭
޴𶯶ʱĴݳ
һֿµ˼µ𶯣ͷ·ǽΧһг׵ĸһ㣬ɫ˺ɫħһ㣬Ż棬ʼǿеĴݻΧΧƹ
ħ̥ԷʵȻѾ˴̫žĳ̬
ֻǸոյĳȴܹ̫žٴεȥĻһĳɾ͸޷󵽵ġ
͡
̤飬ʱĵɫħ֣漴â˸Է徹ȻѾȻĳҶղ뿪ķ˳ȥ
Ůǣţħˡ
ǵЦһħ
䡭
ţħȥһ˲䣬ʱΧһпʼɽѰըˡ
ħ̥ǹϵħľ֮УҲǺ֮˸޷ȥĽӴֻЩʯǿ߲Ż֪ħﵽ״ʲô
ħ̥ĳȻĻ֡
ңңģʮ֮һɫɽ桭
ʥ֮
һʵĺ
֮Уһָ߰ʥ֮·ϵˡһʥ࣬£
ˡ
ֵ˲䣬ʱΧȻγɫĹâ
âͬ˿һ㣬漴һ𣬵Զɣռ俪ʼ𵴣Ȼγ˲˵ĺۼЩ˵ĺۼÿһž˵ĻϢ
һʥͻֳֹϵۻӶչֳĪʥȻкһһ㡣
žžž
ϣÿһضڱĻɽʯΪСֲ
޲Ⲩ֮бǿеĻΪ˷ĩ
ǺεȾ˵˿µÿһأ֮࣬εȵľˡ
һ࣬ӰڴڵĴϢš
еһˣֳ־޴ꪣü֮Уһ޴ӰڷһҲںһֳꪡ
һˣͬ˼һ㣬ͷԼĵ֮ŭеĽɫȨȣȨŴصּ⣬ÿһεĻӶ·ҪǿͷϴĹâͬٲһ㣬˷Ļ۵Լϣ漴γ˵⡣
߲ǱˣʥǿʥԴۡǿ񡢵ǿߵף
ߵÿһλǶصĳǿߣϵ̳֮ˣ컯Ȼ֮УļȴڷֲĴԪ֮У˶Ҳ⡣
ʱλǿΪܹĵõԼħ̥ѾʩչԼΪǿ
ԭһ໥ĵǿߵסǿ񣬴ʱȻһ
ʥԴ۾Ȼ߶Կʱѡ˳֣ԵľڴɱߵεĲŭεĲ
ʥԴۣں춷Ҫɱ㣡
ޱȣϵĹâڷĲһǿߣԼĸ֮߰뵽ȻᱻʥԴ۸ݺˡ
оԼԼ۵Ĵ죬ɫŤ˼¡
ɱ
ͣҲǷŭǰֳꪣꪻûൽʮĵز⻪γ˾޴ĽҽԼǰһ·Ѹٵ˺ѵˡ
ߡ
ҲûеȨƿأϿʼάϵԼǰ
䡭
ͻȻձµƷ·ѵһ㣬漴˺ѣ޴֮˾޴ĶħһϵΧһϰ
о˾˵ϢߵϢһ
̲סĿʼ̧ԴǰһС
ô£
΢΢һܿȴƺ뵽ʲôһ㣬ɫѿ쳣
ħ̥ϵħʼŷħ̥Ĳģ˭ħ̥ħ̥ԭûдﵽڵģһ˶
ԭһֱޱȵʥԴ۵һε¶˷ŭı飬ɫŤĽ·Ǳ˼̤һ㡣
𡭡
һŭ𴫳
ʱʥͻҲʼĶһһ˫Ŀ˸ѪϢȻ˺ʮĿռ䣬Ѹٵ˽ȥ
ߡ
оΧķɳʯӣ׺Ҳ漴żĽе׷Ÿȥ
˭ǹ֮ں͹սˡ
ɫʼ쳣
ҶĽ߲ϵߣʱѾߵıԵ֮УǺȻģǶսħҹʮϢȴûг֡
һʵСôõʱˣǵϢȴɵûг֣ѵ˵ʲô𣿡
Ҷüͷ̲סֹ
Ǿʱһ˿ĲȴڲԶ˳
΢΢һҶֱӵ˺һռ䣬ռ֮ݻѸٵǰȥ
ռ֮ԴҶﵽ˴첻𾳶ľ֮ѾǿĴﵽʩչĵز
ܿ죬ڵԵ֮һصĺۼǰ
Щۼÿһ˸˵ĹâϸϸĿȥ·ҺЩۼһ㡣
󣿡
ҶıΪĹŹ֡
⴫Ȼ֮Уһûлһ൱顣
ָ΢΢ĴЩص·һɿµϢ漴ĳ֡
͡
һ͵Ϣ·ʵʵһ㣬ȻݺݵҶָ洫ݳ
ҶָѸٵıˡ
һ֮УҶܿƵıǿеһ֣ҶԴȵ֮УһĹâΧס塭


1422 ͷ
Ȼ˹
Ҷɫ΢΢һħ֮֮У֪еŶôֲ
һͳȥĻݵһΣ֮أ˵ľˡ
ҶȻʵȴҲûжٵİܹȥӦϵħ֮ҿﻹźܶǿޡ
뵽˶սħҹʮ죬ҶͻȻ뵽ˣһҲΪ⴫Եʣʧ˴˵صġ
뵽˸ղǴ֮УĹƣҶ쾪ȵķ֣ϵ󷨾Ȼֵָ̳ģǹӵĺۼû˿ĵΡ
ϸϸоһĻҲ벻ջ񰡡
ҶЩЦ˵
ûлģڵѾûʱˡ
ˡ
˸صķĿʼҶ߿ʼߣԵĽ˼¡
䡭
һ𶯣ʱҶ漴ʧˡ
Ҷʧãһ޴ĺɫӰҲʼֳ
׷ѰҶħ̥ţħ
үġ
ű뿪Ҷ죬ţħǽһķ޷ǹ϶ħ̥Ѱ֮޷ٶȣȴû뵽ǣҶٶȾȻôľˡ
ò׵Ĳ׷ѰҶϢȴû뵽ֻգ۵ʱѣҶٴεʧˡ
ǹϵĴ˵󷨣ţħһţ΢΢һ漴ţͷ˴֮С
ʱŵһĲʼ쳹
Ҳʼ͹ȥ
ߡ⴫ҲҪȥˡ
ţħıħ̥Ȼħ˵Сĺͽ˾ڼͳȥһ˲䣬һѾ߶
ˡ
һֲ򣬺ڰͷţ漴ݻ˺ڰħѸٵΧϵΧ
͡
ȴţħʧ˲䣬ĹΧѾĿ
ݡ
ƿ֡
ʱӰ˺׵գ
Ӱ֣ǿ߻˭
Ϊ׵ʥԴɫѿ˼£ٶ죬ħ̥Ϣ㼫ȵУȴû뵽ǣԼվһ
󡭡ħħ̥Ϣ
顭
ۻӶҪ⴫͹ڲ
û뵽ûеȵݵУһɳ˰Ե͸ȻѾı˳֮д൱ǿҵĻϢ
˻
綾߰ոյĳ֣ʥԴ۵ɫȴѾһҪųȥ͵ߵɫҲһ䡣
䡭
͵ʱı
ȻǱһλǿָģվŶʷˣھεڳˢ֮󣬱⾳ȻڴڣȴҲܲţħʩչеĺɱˡ
顭
ķѵĹߵɫҪôѿжôѿ
ħ֮ķΧҪôĹжôĹͶԷȽϵĻȴҲ಻Сġ
֪ϵ󷨵ǽԷ͵һôĻ֮С
ģħ̥⾳ԼʶˣȻΪ˶Ͼ·ﳹ׵ĸ˺ѵˡ
ʥԴ۵ҧгݵĽе
һֱ൱ܹ˵̬ԵʱеŭѾﵽ˼µ״̬
ߣ⻹ΪԵʣȥĻͲᷢˣħ̥ȻˣԱȴǿѹġ
൱Ĳơ
Ҫ˵ǵ׵ҲΪѿ
ϾʥԴۿû˿ռԷ͵ϮںƣʱԵĻѡˣεܹһﻹڵ
£Ҫָ㣡
ʥԴ۵ΪĲơ
ߡӺˣħ̥ܵˣǵĽѾȫûʱʥԴۣ㼴˵죬飬Ҳ޷жΣѲɣ㻹ĺǽ粻ɣ
΢΢ĸԼеȨȻĿ˵
ʥԴ۵ʵ߶Ҫǿǵ׻Ȼڴ̫žľ֮УȴֻŶѣӳʵҲмĵزʥԴ۵ʵȴѾȵվ˴̫žԲ磬Ǵ̫ž۷壬۷мȫһΡ
ֵĻʥԴȴҲԵֲôġ
һһܲˣ
ʥԴ۵ɫŤֹ˵
Ȼ֪һﲻӦһһĻǾûģһжȴδ֪ģʥԴۿǴûаյġ
Ҳ߻ʱ̣ңңǧ֮⡭
䡭
⻪ɣ͵˵ĲѸ͵ĳת˲֮֮Уٴε໥ײ߻ΧĿռ䶼ʼĲ
ϡ
ٴεһµĽ
ϴŷ֮ɫںԼֵĶ֣һЦݣ

еĺ֮ŭꪷ趯˪ŷȻӵ׵Ŀռ䡣
˲һɺŷȥľ޴öֶ̲סĳź浹

ﲻϵĴϢѡ
Ķ棬һʮˣһֹЦڿǣƺǶ˿Ĳ⡣
ˡ꣬ѲɵĽ͵ﲻɣ
ŶԷƣɫ̲סһ䣬ȻΪ˿ȥ³çʵȴǴϸ
һ˵ʵÿһλڴ첻ϵľ磬Ϊһεħ֮֮дﵽһֵѾΪ˴첻һǿߡ
ٶȱҶҲ˿ġ
ЩˣÿһλʵǲϣǴ첻һΪԱǿԵģҪͻΧȥĲܡ
һۿ
ˮ֮ˮ֮ѩڴϢϣϴŲ԰׵ĹǷԪ˵̬
ʣµλеӣӵĲ
ȻҲ˲Сȴ޷ǰǿ߶Կϵƣصǵ֮
ʵ𣿻пð
һλ껺Ŀ˵
һλϴŵƬһ˫˸Ĺâһۿȥͷ·һԼǰһ㡣
ǿֲ
ֳһɫȣƷһҡҷϣ˸ɫâȴԵǴĳֶء
ߡ
ĺһϵӿо֮ŭ棬ϵĴһԼ޸Լơ
ħ֮֮УһδεĴսʵõ˳ķչǺ֮ŭꪸǲʱĽе۵֮Уʼøӿ¡
ͷˣǻǵ죬ǵĵӣ֪ĻǾˡ
һָԼһӦŶԷĿڣ˵


1423 ÿ֣

ֵĳ֣ʱʮǿߵɫ΢΢һ䡣
ȻǶȻҲ൱ļɵġ
ߡΣٴ󣬵ȴҲ޷뵽ħ֮֮УǵǱħɱģ˵Ǿͷ߹ʲôϵ
Ϊ׵ɭ꣬ٴεĿ˵
еɫȲϵĻâ֮ߣͬǵһ㣬ȥޱȵľˡ
˻˻֮ڶ
һ˫Ŀϵˮ֮ˮ֮ѩŮĽ߸ϡ
ʱˮ֮ˮ֮ѩΪսϵȹЩˡ
ˮ֮ѩϵ·ѵ˼£ȻǿĿԹסⰼ͹µĽȴ޷ȫĴ⳹׵ڸס
ˮ֮ѩķ൱Ȼ䣬ȴ޷ڸסǰ˵Σǰһ֮ĺֲϵͦĹָǴ޵ջ֮
ŶԷ˿˿İļһͦε⣬ɭ̲꣬סĺʼô
ðסô󡭡
˳ԹĵϷʱˮ֮ѩһ糺죬Ƿŭ˼µĹһĿɭ꣬ѾڲϵĻ
˻˻˻𣿡
ɭ﷢һͬе
һ۾ʼøӷ
ˮ֮ˮ֮ѩĽ͹֮زϵѰ٣ӣֱҪŮȥһ㡣
Բȣ˸ž˵Ĺ󣬵ʮ̬ѵȹڸ£øӵˣֵӣӸоԼ·һſµĻڷȼһ
˵ˣֻҪǺĵһǽҲ޷뿪ˡ
΢΢Լǹͷ촽ϣ·Ƕһ˼¡
Ժ֮ȴֳŮԹĳԼǰԼʩչת̬
쵰
ˮ֮С̲סĽе
Ǵʱܵص˺޷ȥͶԷ
˻˻˻쵰𣿡
꿴ˮ֮˶ӣɫС죬̲סһڿˮΪɾǾͷһλӣСĽΪͷĹͷȻŮ˲٣ȴֻĸΪⶼѾˣʣµСӣν䱦һĶԴţ䰮ĺܡ
ɾҲССȴѾﵽ˴첻ΪȻ˵ĳ̶ֳϣǾͷҲǲɻȱԭ֮һǶԷȴҲɴ˵Ŀɼһߡ
ɾһȱ㡣
ǱǼȵĺɫ
Ǻɫ
ԱͷľѧҲһص㣬ɾĺɫ̶ȴԼĸ׾ͷҪÿŮ
ħ֮֮УŮӣûһλǱġ
ˮ֮ˮ֮ѩ֮ɾǾΪˣŪŮ˵ļ˵ζ
ˮ֮ӣС죬ʱЦ
ôС찡±ɾһҪ̱ɾ֪ɾ
仰׵˵ɫ仯
ĵӣĶŽģԷ˵裬ʵķ·ֵǵࡣ
ɫѿˮ֮ˮ֮ѩеλߣݵסԷ衣
ɶŭ
Ȼķۺ죬ˮ֮ȴ֪ʱ򣬾Բܹ׵Ķŭ
žžž
֮ϣˣˮˮڲϵķµž֮
ͽӣˣԲк³á
ˮ֮ѩĺǳ
ˣ𣿡
ɾЦݣˮ֮ѩڶԷһԱ棬ݺݵضţ
棬ҲűɾϲĶİɣɾһ֪ɾĺôģʱĻᾡĽȥ̱ɾġ
ŶԷһͦΣԺ֮УѾˮ֮ѩԼ£֮ԼΡ
̲סϵĻȿʼøӷ
ʦãʦܣߣҵסǣ
нס˺֮ŭꪣﻺؿ˵
ʦ֣Ҫһߣ壬ûߵث֣
һλӴĽе
ϴű֮ɫĺ
蹷ƨ
ĺ
һ˫Ŀ·ħһĿŶԷ
Ӳǵʦ֣ϵĴλʦã뿪ϣ
ŭɾû˿⣬һ˿νˣҪܣҲԵûа취ӳԼĵġ

ǻ̲סٴŭ
ʦ֡
ˮ֮üĴżɫ
ҲҪһģ뿪ˣȥĵӣʦֺʦ𣡡
һ¶ӵı顣
žžž
ɾ΢΢ĶԼƣ˻˻֮ϵ
ôԸ񰡣ɾϲĻһ̫ˣҰһŮˣɾѱŻӵгɾ͸аɾˣһҪѵΪūΪū
Ӣ
һҲڴЦ
ūã
ˮ֮ѩڵ̲סĿʼˡ
ȻѾűľˣҲûȥͶԷ£
˻˻˻͸ˣˣ尡һúͱɾսһء
ɾﴹѲϵؽе

ɾߵĸĳ֣ĺȵ
򣡡
䡭
֮ŭͬһ޴ķ糵һ㣬趯γһֻӰĻӰʵʣȻݻΪһƬ޴ɫ֮
𡭡
޴ĺֳǾ޴Ļɢһܣһ˫Ŀϣ·١
ߡ
һλǿһϵĴγӰ
ˡ
ӰȻһֲͬĻڻγɡ

˻
һĹ󣬶Է·һ㣬趯Լβ˲˺ǰ
䡭
ʼŷ
ˣ
ȻӶһµ쭷磬ѸٵĽˮ֮ѩĽɢ飬漴һֻҲ̰ĳһԱ˹ȥ
ҡ
ŭ𲻶ϣļҲϵÿһļ⣬ʩչÿһ˿
˻˻˻ܺԼɣ
һеٴλǿ߳֡
λ첻ϵǿ֣߳˲ⳡ濪ʼѹ
һһĻ֤κεһˣһжֱ࣬ӱѹ
ۿˮ֮ѩҪɾˣˮ֮ѩһҧ˸Ĳ촽֮УѾس֣
Ա
ɣ
ʦã
ɾɫҲǺݺݵһ䣬һֻѸٵƿأͼȥԷס
Ҳһ̣һ͵սȴ֮е·սƷıŷ
ÿ֣
һ·Ǵӱ֮ͷųĴݳڳ˶ʱɫһ䡭


1424 
ս
֮ϣһлɣǴ֮ͷųģ
лһ·Ǿ֮ϵڡ
׵ĺڰ֮УôһУʹΧĿռ俪ʼøӿֲ
˿ֲϢ֮Уһµħһ
Ϊǣ֮Уȴû˿׵˸趯ڷ˺գȴûκεĲ
ǸղŵǸȴ·ǻǧһ˲ڳľͷˣһĶ£ֿµĺ⣬ǵĺëϵļʼһСЩ治ϵĸͬǾһµı˪Ϯһ㡣
ʲôˣҾͷǰ
ɾɫһķף̲סĽ
漴ʩչͨһ޴ĶڷԾ·ʵһ㣬Ǿ޴пʼ˹ȥ
һֱ˵֮ˣ϶УֻҪԼԼͨȥһصļһ䡣
䡭
޴ĶǿֲƬɫĹâȻ֮УҲǿĶͷų
ž
Ŷĳ֣з·ܵػһ㣬Ѹٵһ漴ɢ

ЦʱĴ˳
ɾ¶˷ĵ֮ɫ
ɢУԭڵӵڻָԭ̬
ΪǸأû뵽ֻװŪѡ
мݳ
ȴ֣ʱƺ뵽ʲôһ㣬ȻؽԼĺ֮ŭջأվˮ֮ѩȥᣬֻ˫ۻԼĺ֮ŭꪣ·˿Ĳһ㡣
ôôľ֪һеķͽ޹𣿡
ɾ¶ЦݣĿ˵˵䣬ٴε̰쳣ĳˮ֮ѩȥһֻֻسŶԷһٴεȥ
ǴʱȴȻĸı䣬һɱղŸͱϢȴʱ򱬷˳һϢղŨǧٱΧĿռ䶼ɿµıϢε
ӡСģ
һŲ˳
ֻɾı鴤վ嶶ͣƺĳֿµʹһ㡣
ǡ
ɾ￴˵̬̲סĿʼ
Ҳʱһ䵽˼µڶٴεĳ֣
Ҳ˵ÿ֣
Ǵһഫġ
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ǶߵƷԣԷһоǿϢѡȥ
Ǿɾû뿪׵ľ룬һɿµȴεĴ֣˲סֱۡ
䡭
ֲɣһĳ鴤˲֮У㿪ʼ
һ֮УɾûзӦ
ֻǸоԼһĲȴѾǿеӷ˳ȥ
顭
ǿֱӽɾصˤ˵ϡ
ǼӲĵ棬㹻ıļʯҪӲǧٱŶԷʼŷɾѾǿеӷɵ˵ʮ֮
ۡ
һѪϵʹʱ˳
һӰҲ漴֮С
ȥ˫ĿԷҲʼ
׷ѩ趯ɺ˸ǷȻȴûκε˵СԷһɫĳΧٵļӿڲϵ졣
죬쵰ڵĳˡ
̲סĽ
Ҳ˵ϣղŵսھϻϣѾﵽ˼¡
ʦ֡
ˮ֮ѩˮ֮ҲĽ
ˣҶ죡
ϵĴ󣬼ֱҪҶˣ֪Ȼôõʱ䣬ҶЩˣҿģо⴫֮Уһĵط漴ʩչԼĿռ֮ǿе˴͵Ȼ˵Ըо⴫͵ļҲѾˣȴûĵȥˡ
ڵĳˡ
Ҷ̾˵
漴һ˫˸˱Ĺ⻪Ǿͷĵǣڿһίˮ֮ѩ֮˫΢΢ͷų˿˿ů⡣
һ֣Χˮ֮ѩϵĽƣ˦һ֮ٵĶ뵽˵֮С
ʦ֡
ˮ֮ѩٴεĽĳʱҶѾʵǣҶ棬һ˵ʵǲ͡
޷
Ҷ΢΢ĵ˵ͷٴεĿһˣǿλеӣ̲סһ
ʱ򣬳Լ֮⣬λеӣţȴʣˣ뵽˱Ӻɱһˣĵķͷŭ̲סĿʼ
һӺѾˣǷµծȴҪ˭Ϊĵӣóһ
ɱŷˮ֮ѩԴˮ֮ѩǱҶҪܶģԷ˵ĶʵЩ죬ˮ֮ѩƺǱҶ컹Ҫ߳ôһ㡣
ˮ֮ѩȴû˿ŭ෴һİĸо
ҶıӰһ̲סĳһĹâ˸
¡ʲôˣһһᣬǾͷˣӦ֪Ǿͷ磬˵һεһΣ
һλͷĵӣǿĽɾ̧֮Ҷڴ˿˿ɷǣвɵһ̲סĿ˵
ۡ
һڲѪɾһ˫Ŀ·Ǵħһ㣬Ҷ죬ʱ˸ŴĹâ֪Щʲô
ɱ
ӵʱ֮УɾͻȻĿ˵
ӣ
˴󾪡
ɱСӵʵǴ첻𾳶ΪҵľͷͫĿһ㣬ɱ
˫Ŀ˸Ĺ⻪ϵͷš
ʲô첻𾳶죿
ʧĽҶĽٶҲ̬߯˵㣬ȴ¶˿ĵɫҶ죬ԽɱˣǼҳ㷹
ɱ
ͷĵǣȻое㲻ԾȴڵõҶϢ֮󣬶ʱһ
䡭
Ҷ岻һ͵ȴıǡ
һɲӵϢƲϣ˲֮Уǿ֮
Ҷ·ڲϵ׳
飡
ҶһֻŻ̤㣬һŷ·һɽѹһ㣬ΧĿռ䶼̲סһɬ
Ŀռ䣬ռ䶼
𡭡
ŭһ̣ѣɽλǺӵת
޾ս⣬صеˣ̲סɫһϵսֳսǹվҶıü֮Уһö϶ġս
ۡ
˫Ƕʮˣ޲׷׵Ѫأϡ


1425 ߳
ս⣡
ʮʮսѪ
Ҷ˶Էһ̣ĿʼֳΪ͵
ʲôս
սϵսǿ󣬲սѣսϵȸѹƣ
Ҷ콫ԼѪ׵֮󣬵õѪͳӶʹԼѪĳΪ˺սһĳ̶ȡ
һʩչԼҲţСԣڿĻЧԵĲ
٣ûȥʩչѾԷǿеѹ
ɾΪù;ȻĲȴҶĶ֣ڰ벽ʱҶʤ첻𾳵ǿߣ˴첻۷ǿߣûʲôˣڵʵǣǿʼĽȻĸӵ˶Է
ɾоԼĺʼ쳣ͷ·ԼΧĿǿе谭סһ
һʲôˣΪʲôô࣬ȴ㾪ˣ
һѪٴεʱһ˫ĿݻΪ˾ŵͫףѪϵĴУԼѪϵҲһֹϵ֮ͫΪͷͫԿܶೣ޷ǿ̧ԼԴȴȵķ֣ǰҶ쾹Ȼû˿쳣еľͷ·ʯأ
䡭
һֻٴε̤㣬Ҷƺ˲ƶɾǰ΢һƣȵסɾĲӡ
ȿȿȡСӣôĵӣ֪˭ǾͷٹͷĶӣΨһĶӣ
ɾΨһ˵ĸ
еζȻǲԶˡ
Ҷ˫Ŀ΢΢һɺȻս֮ݻΪ˸ŨĲ
䡭
žžž
ǿֲƣ·Ǽĵһ㣬ȻﵽʵʵЧɾ岻ϵĲ¶˾ɫϵһͷ·Ǳǵһиһ㡣

ﻺĺȵ

·ɽʯײ쳹

Ĳҽ漴ķ
Ѫϵʳ
ʱ֪ʲôʹࡣ
£ס֣飬ԸⲹģһǵĴ󣬵һλǹĶӣΨһĶӣһܵ𺦵Ļ¡
һλͷĵӴĽееĻζȻǲԶ
ǻûеȵ˵꣬ҶȴӶһ㣬ǿеն˶ԷԴ
ѪɣɫԽ罦Ҷû˿Էɾ˵
Ψһ𣿡
һĨЦݣ
˭Ҷĵӳ֣ǾǷݣʵĽֻһ
꣡
ҶĻոյ£֣֮һ˺˶ԷĲӡ
㡭
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˵ĺεȵˣǾͷΨһһˣаžͷ־ʹУһ˿⣬ǾںľͷΪС
ҶҲû룬ֱӵķϵɾ˵ĺܡ
ܡһҪϢݸͷˣ
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Ӱ˸ʱĿʼ
ߣ
ֻҪ뿪ǾлὫϢȥһԼˣȫɱĻֿ»൱ҵġ
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ҶɭȻ쳣
һһ
˴Ľе
˲ʮӰĳʼӴܡ
죬Ҫˡ
͡
Ľе
˵䣬еĺ֮ŭꪣѾһһ㣬ݺݵسһĵˣնɱȥ
ʱڽܵҶֻ֮ãޣϵļⶼʼ˼ٵĲײ춯·̲һµһ㡣
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ǱҶ˵ľͷӣսѾ˼£ûȥֿͷꪵʩչѸٵĽնϡ
𣡡
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䡭
Ǵ첻𾳵ǿߣûüϢһ£ոյϣȴѾǿеȥһ̻ҡ
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͡
ʱѾҪκεֱӵıʩչҶʵϻϵﵽһ֮ĵز
ȻʩչӵĵӦ֡
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֡
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͡
ʩչ˼£ռ䲻ϵųĲƣǱռƬ
ըҩıѣĿֲ˺ѵϢ˲Ķֵһûȥ

ĲҽУϵĴ
˵̲ס¶˾ɫ
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ǰҶ죬ǵϢȻûбʩչȴѾκεһΪ֮ѡ
һӵı̬ˡ
૵ĵ
ղ
һ
һˣȻǿеĶԼֻ֣˺ɫߣѸٵҧһգٵĶУǿֲıըȻû׵䣬Ҷ췴Ӧʱ̣ԷѾӳ

Ľе
Żɽһ㣬ʵҶΪŭ
ž
һƵĴҶļϣ
СӣԽǿ˰
ղŵʮˣÿһλʵǶǿߣҶ첻ȥֵĻǵľˣڣֻת˲ѣҶ쾹ȻѾĽնɱ˹ȥ
ϧ©һ
ҶЦ˵
ļһ־ηȻȴޱǿʦ֡
ˮ֮ѩ˿ɲǿߵĵλԶ޷ıģֱʱǲ֪ˣǰѰ꣬ΪʲôᱻΪʦֵԵʡ
ѪֶΣѾ׵۷ǡ
ħ֮ʵ̫ĿˣֱܹһĪĸ˰
̲סĸ̾
ߣ²˰ɡ
Ҷ˫Ŀ˸źâؿ˵
֪ҶƷԵ̲ס΢΢ü
ô£
Ҷ쿴ŵϵѪҺĿʼɢ̣һ˫Ŀ˾˵â
һΣӺһʼ巢ѣңУˣֻһλ
Ҷ콫ԼõϢĽͳ
һʱ䣬˵ɫһѿһʵ̫޼ɵˡ
ߣ洫ӣ洫ӾͿ˵ķ𣿡
һĺ
İɡ飬һᴦõģȻһҪ棬Ҿͺ桭
һɿµɱ֮·ڰģʼҶ˸
ʲôƻ
Ŀ
ܼһȻĻһжðˡ취Ҳһ߳
⡪ţ


1426 ֮ŭ
ڰ
ħ֮֮УܵԹϵ¼һط
˴֮Ա˼ȫΪħ෱࣬ʵǿ󣬶˵Ҫõħ껻ȡֵĻԵһѡطǰʵ㹻ǿܹӵΣա
Ĺ⻪ӳǻްգʹտȥ·Ƕһǳݻ⡣
⻪ٲٴεıʱһӰѾ
һ۵ӰԵռ˴󲿷֣ﵽʮߵĳ̶ȣȴҲŮӶѡ
һȫѹһ޴ħޡ
һ޿ȥͬһɽľˣ޴źڰɫƬȻްĿռ֮Уȴ˸һֹŹֵĹ
һ˫ѪͷϢ˲ȥС֫վϵڵϷ˿µ˺
βķ˸
һʮˣÿһλſµĴ첻𾳵Ϊݻ쾡£˫ֽӡ֮ϵ˴ٲΧסһµħޡ
ޣ൱µǿڣǵ˵ĺܣǿ˿Ĳ飬ħ֮ȻҲ漴ĽԼϵƷӵ˸͵ĵز
ȻʧȥԼʶǱܵѪͷѾ뵽˹С
𡭡
ǰһȺһĴڣǿеԼסԼ壬޵̲סĿʼ
ģ
һ΢ı
ǴȻ˺ѳһӣ

һֻצ̽˸ſµĲһ㣬ٵĽԼһλǿߣѸ͵ץס

䡭
һҽдʱѪ裬ⰵɫĵ棬ٴεһĨŨɫ
ġħ󣡡
һλӴĺ
˫Ȼʩչӡǣ·һ޴ʥ֮ɽһ㣬ӿֹѹ
ȡ
ļλȻŭȴǿеĽԼϵɢ˼¡
𡭡
ٴεİΧסһޡ
ѹ
ٴεŭ漴ȫʩչ֮£޵濪ʼžһһĹ⻪ۣ漴Ļ˾޴͵񵶣ֻһӶѣȴѾʧȥƵնɱ

ʮ˵΢΢ĴϢ˼¡
ѾڵϣȻڲȴѾʧȥսޣǵ¶һĨƣɫ
ħ곹׵ٻ
Ϊ׵ٴεĳ֣λò׵Ů޵Ҳʩչͨʼ
һΣһʦΪʲôҪҪôħꣿǴʲô
һ̲סĽе
ǰɱôӴħ꣬˵ϽɵĻõĻֿ˵޷Ӵ󣬵ȴֻǽȥû˿ĽͰ
⻰ó֣ܿļλӵҲ¶һĨɫ
ǿŵǱ˺һλӣȻĸоѸٵ
ǲӲߣŵӣ֮УҲǿ߼ˣȴڻһĶԴʵǵѱ
˰ɣһˣһʦǵػ֮ˣ˵ĻȻ˵ŵӣȴҲԲкùӳԣҲҪˣһػǲſ֮УԽ޼ɵġ
Ϊ֮ü˵
ڼ˽ʱͻȻģǼλŮӵ﷢˼Ľ
֮ϣǿռһѷ죬ѷ裬˵ʼɢ漴һֻ޴Ĳֻ֮³
ٶϿƻʵϿľˡ
ûеȵЩŮӵʼɢԶӡѾݺݵѹ
֮棬Ÿƣÿһ䳹ż˵նʼ
䡭
һµʼݳЩҽеĻᶼûУֱӵıѹΪ⡣
ޣǱǿеĶħ꣬漴Ļ˺ɫĲʬ
ң
һŭλӵﴫݳ
ᣡ
ǳԹΪ
һǵǵ棬ᣬǴĴžžž죡

һ֣·Яһ㣬ʵʵĲ
Ѹٵѹÿһ˵С
ۡ
Ѫֻת˲ѣǵķ
ǱһĪ˳ȥ
еˣֵķ֣ԼľϺ棬޲Ĵˣ棬ʼ漴ĵ䵽˼¡
ߡ˭ҪԹޣҪԹޣԹԼˡ
һݳ·ǴĳĲŵĲͬ˵һ
һ̣һеĲʧ
ֻһ˫˫Թ޵񡭡
һصĿռ֮УһλŰɫ۵֮꣬ɫеһħ꣬һĨһɺ˸·̲ޱߵɱ
ˣҶ죡
ղųֵˣҲ
һȻ֪ΪʲôҪѰħ꣬Ҷޡħޡޡħ꣬ȴԵĲģںδȴҲ޷Ķӵģ㡭ɣ
ΪԼ壬ҶҪֻһڵҶ죬ȫĲ
Ϊ첻𾳶Ҷ죬ʮƵһǧ֮ļӳ֣ϵ˫ȫҪͶԷսһ뷨
Ҫ
Ц˵
һƬԭ֮У
һλֳǹ꣬Ľɱʮλĵӣ
ʮħɽ֮ϣһλֳ־޽˵
һ֮Уһλֳħе꣬ǿеƣֻɱ
һƬɽ֮Уһλӣֿȭ˺ѳΪ⡭
һʱģ˿ʼΪ۵Ľ㡣
ΪˣƺרŵĿʼһ˷սˣһ
һΪܵƣĸļƻ׷׵ܵơ
ġ
һȻһƬɫĺ֮дޱߵľˣ·ʮ쭷ϯһ㣬ľ˽⺣֮еħĽ顣
˭ΪУ
ֲޱߵɱ⣬ռ䶼ʼγһƬɬ״̬
ǺĶ棬һƬ½棬һˣ
͡
һɿµٴεı˺ա
ݻһ˲õĻǻϡ
һεĻͷڣıС
漴ٴεı仯ֱֻЩֱֳۣ־޽߶صĻƿ߾ì
Ҷ졭һС֣Ǵñȥ𣿺ܺãڵƾôħѾʼָ˼£Ȼûͻƣɱ㣬ȴȫ㹻ˡ
Ҷ졭ѰټҪɱ
񣬴ޱ߳޵ϢѸٵں𡭡


1427 ħ޲к

ڰķ磬Եøᣡ
ͷ·һλźڰŮڷԼǿֲаϢһ㡣
ڰ֮粻򵥣̲صı֮Ѿһλλڴˣ
Ҷ˫Ŀ΢΢𣬿ǵϣվһӰ
һ߾ߵʬ壬ЩʬÿһλǿһӶԷɢϢϱԿĳ
ǾЩǿߣȴ˿µĺı
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ħޣӿݻԻħΪݻͱħ޸ˡ
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֮֮
꼼ʩչ
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л꼼漴չ֣֮ŷ
֮Ѿ˶Է

һ裬Ҷ쾹ȻһƬնɱ˹ȥ
𡭡
һµʱҶѾնһ޴֮ϡ


1428 ŵؼ
ˡ
ϵĴ֮ɫѪ֮У˸һֹϢڽ뵽мĲλ֮ȴҲûа취ȥһ˿һ
䡭
ҶĽ̤߲ħ֮û˫ƵšԪʼݻ׵ܡ
˾˵ϢصļһҲ̲סһ漴ֿ½ѸٵıҶٴεĻӳһ
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һȣе߱񽣾͵ʩչ
ٵĽںһ𣬻һ
һ·գܱʮķΧǿе
ҫĹ⻪·һɫʥ⡣
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һ޴ĺ֣ҶѾȵأ¶һĨĳ֮·ƮƮɰӯ
һ绺ɢʱǰοʼǰ
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泤˾޴ļ̣ڰϢϵУȻʱѾѪģѿԷģҶ֮۵ǰҶȴǿ֪Էݡ
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ҶġԪѾﵽһߵĲϣõ𴫳еҹʮ춼˿Ĳ߲ʩչ֮УѾԽ׵ںУʹĲӵĿ¡
ħѾ䣬֮ԻжȫΪħ֮ڲħۣŵڵ̶ȡ
ǻħޣɸΪ׼򣬼ˣڲȴûбڰȫռҲΪʲôڵ˲ӵԭ֮һ
ڵħ޺ģұҪõεĶҪõ
һҪõħޣҲΪܹõԷڲĺġ
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Ȼһɲŭ𴫳ǹ⻪·ٲһ㣬մΧס˶Էҫ֮ѹ
ڶԷŭ֮У׽ķѹ

оԷĵֿ𽥵ʧҶҲ漴ϲһºˮ
һΣȫһȥħ޵ĲкƺΪ׶Ըʵȴˡ
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ʮȭһһȭ͵ʱĸǿᡣ
ƿֲ쳣ʵȴǿĵزҶǾʮȭ϶Ϊһʱ˸ӿµһȭӶ·ֱӵ˺˶Էķ
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˴˵Ŀ˲䣬Ҷ̲ס¶˾ɫ
ΪǰһУѾ׵ĳ
ٺ٣ɣ
ﴫ
һһŵؼ


1429 ɣ
ǰһҶ˲ĸоԼͷƤһķ顣
һȴֲһ֮֮໥Ƶ̬̲סķ
֮ϣ̫ӡǷζ
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һεȹӺƣǴëϣÿһĵطһΧһ˼µ̬
ӵبŵϢÿһƣ·һ似ص似ϸϸĿϼ۶оԼڲһɿµҪ緢
оԼѪڷĹĶҶ첻ɵһ
֮Уʥչ֣һƵʥϵ˿µһ㣬УǿѹŶԷɢľ֮
ռ֮ͷţⷽԲǧ׵ķΧ׵ι̣
֮۷
Էһ˿һĺۼҶεذ
ŵؼ
ﻺؿ˵
ңңĹʷ֮УЩǿ󣬻棬һʵϲ߱ΪԵɺϻĪˣ˲ǣ˵ǰһȻǿ󣬵ȴһ۲۵ԷĳλʥʹǿµعѧΪֵǿ󣬲ŵڳΪڵӡ
ڶ쳹
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һ˫䵽˼µ˫Ŀ˫Ŀ֮УҶԿԸоһԭʼϢ
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ɵҵȻռ𣿡
ҶɫһԵ˼֮УȻĳ֡
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ɡ
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͡
·һĹâĳҶü֮С
һ֮УϢʼֳΪ͵ʼֱײߡ
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ٴεĳһĪɱ䡣
ϢĲɣԷһжʼҶ֮С
ԭһؼΪԴһֿں似ؼľѧаҲ޾İҶνѪڣԷΪֵǿ֮ٴεմȾ˵һ˿ϢµݻĳΪڵ̬
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ľѳֻۣܹεﻭȦ
ϧĻָҲźܴģϧӴ
֮䣬èƺǲȥٴεĵȼһѻ

ûıһѺèǱ߲ѵӣȻ൱Ĳˬ
ʱҶȻ֪Լһͷ֧ƱڵֻǲϵȥԴؼʵԼ
ʱ䣬ڻѸٵĹȥ
Ҷ徹Ȼ·һ㣬Ϊһʬһ
ĳĶѻС
Ҷļ棬ȴͬʯһ㣬Ө˸˿˿ϢϵĿʼͷţ̨֮С֮С֮С
һжڿʼϵķɱ䡣
ɱĹͬ𻯳ɵֻҪٴεĳ֣ԼĳɳΪһӿµĴڡ
Ųϵͼȡأİʼø
޾ҶļȡʼΪ֪ʶҲ漴ĳΪϣǸӹؼȴڣҶѧͷ·ƺ߲һ㣬ʼŸǿķϿʼǰ
ʱ䣬ƺһյĿʼعȥˡ


1430 ս⣡
ʱˮȻȥ൱ɿ죬ħ֮֮Уӵ԰סʱı仯ʱȴɵĸıš
ҶʱѾһźصĳΧ
ϣһƴĹ⻪ϵ˸˸޷ʲô
Χһƹÿһƺڴһܡ
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һ𣬻˴ٲ赲סһƬأ
޼̫
һžݶ漴ƿյһ㣬̴һУΧѸٵγһƬ쭷硣

ѸٵݻΪһ̫ӡǣҫ⻪˸Ϊʵʡ
һҫգ·Ҫڻɫճ׵Ľһ㡣
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һֻȭͷ͵ĴĴ֮ͷų
·ЯĹâһ׵Ľմƴ򱬣
䡭
ΧһƬת쭷翪ʼζԲʮķΧ޲һɿµϢ
һսƣǿսѹƣ

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ҶҲ쭷֮֡
ϵļѾøɺ棬˼£ȥͷ·һðĿֲ
ҶĺʱΧ֮е׷׵ĿʼҶ濪ʼۼһһ൱ĳ棬ֻת˲ʱ䣬ҶѾȫĻָ̬
â˫Ŀ֮˸ϣɺɫζ
ڽһ֡
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ԴʵĲ򵥣еϢֲ֮Ҷƽ˵ҶȥȫɵĻܹ䳹׵ںϣٶʱ֮ǲܵġ
ֻҪǸҳʱ䣬ȫĿԽںϵġ
ȣûн䳹׵ںϵƾŶϵƿأҶȴɻǳϵļ֮УҶѾĽԼӵ˼¡
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һӰγɳʵʣһߴ壬ֳֿµУâԼתϣ趯ǹâķںϼ·Ǿһ㣬ϵĿʩչ
һʱ䣬ԲǧﷶΧ֮еǿ߶оһƬϵı仯̲ס̧Դ֮ϣһӰ׷׵ĵһ˿޷⣬ǿһǿߣΪʲôһƬ򣬶ǿҲ׷׵뷨
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֮ϣϵĴžÿһε춯޲ϵʼѹ
ߡ
ѹƣȻҶƷ΢΢һ֮·Ȼ
𡭡
ŭһҶҲ漴˺գγһ޼᲻ݵһ㣬ƺƵıȥ
漴գһ޴սγɡ
Ѫ֮УŰһѪȻһȻİԵ֮ǿİ֮ǰһе谭ƺǶΪޣ
ս
һ͵սĴı
Դͷ޲ǿʼҶѹƣ
ߣ
Ҷһŭߣ
ս
䣡
ޱ߶ֲս⣬ĵӶŭʼһĳȥ


1431 ս
սѪ
ʮʮսѪ
ǿѪһ׵γ֮ѾʼҶıһϵս󻺻ؿʼγɣһսǹն̣һֲ쭷磡
飡
ʱΧշ·ըһ㣬ʼɢѿ
ޱߵսս⣬˿Ŀʼǿս໥ײһ
Χǿǣ׷׵Ŀʼɫ
ս⾹ȻԺһս໥ײ˿û·ӣǿƣ⵽ʲôˣѵҲһµ洫Ӳɣ
˺Ȼʧɫ֮УĿʼ
Ҷ졭㵨ҺҶԿ
һȣޱߵϣ
һٴεĽԼϵݻ˼¡
ߡսս⣬ң޼᲻ݣ
Ҷ˫ĿɢɵĹ⻪սǲϵıŷͷһսӡǣ·ҪһƬճ׵סһ㣬漴γ٣׵ĸ˶Էѹơ
䡭
ֲƽ֮УһϵħɽǿеѹΪ˷顣
֮ıֲ
˵ɫٴı仯޲һ
ֻϵĽ棬ȴѾﵽ˾˵ĳ̶ȣ˵ȥʩչͨؼҪһռɷĵز
һʱ䣬еˣʼоһҪû٣ƺһõѡ

һЦ
ֻ֮ϣӰڵĿʼ
һۣ죬ϲ˺˪һ˫Ŀų޵¹âһ޴лط֮
̤㣬·һĵУʱĶ𻯷һ㡣
Ҷ졭ͣվǾͻٴεĽһҸӵǿ󣬽뵽۷ľ֮У
һԹ쳣˫Ŀ֮УͫףҪ񽣣ֲֿ̬㹻˵ˣʱ˵ǰ෴ǣԷҶԹͳޣѾ˼µĳ̶֮С
һþδˣ
ŶԷҪŤҶ쵭˵
ǰþòˡ
һЦϵĿҶ죬ϵͷԼɱ⣺
һΣϵһжǱģһеһжƿأ㣬ҪҪܵķԸ
һţһȻγɵš
һŵݣǾôõʱ䣬ɿǿﴫݳ
ȻҲȻڵġ
ҶǰһȴֹһεܵҶơ
һϲԼһԼŪǱԼʩչ˻ħ޵ԼˣһеһУǷһͬȼ֮Уһж᲻ĺܣοǣҶԼôĵȼȫһĪ衣
ĳħ޵ĲкУ֪ǸǱնɱˣȻϣɣ㣬Ҫܵٵʹ࣡
΢΢ǡ
Ҷѩ裬һԻĿף˸ƣ
ҪĻԼð
ˣ
䣡
еУȻĳ֣
һ磬ԵǷħ趯ʼıǣҶɱ˹
£ǹϵսɫâ·ǽһȾΪ˹ϵĵһ㡣
ɱ
Ҷ˿Ĳ¶Էһµ߲̤㣬˿ûԷսĲʩչ˼£Ŀռ֮ӵı
Ϲ⻪˸ͬһӹϵʥ£һǹ֣еתͷţ·Ҫյһг׵Ľһ㡣
ÿ졭
֪˭һ
ȴ֮ϵľ޴飬˿κ˵ע⣬еˣ޲ǰһпͷƤ顣
ҶʵǴ첻𾳶Ϊȴһ̫žһǿ߶Կʵ̫ˡ

䡭
ߵĵһνڵĿʼˡ
޴Сµѩǹ
Сǹ⣡
ļײϣ
ƬΧ֮ɢ
յĿռƬ
ߵٶȿ쵽˼£Ҳ˼¡
󿪴ϵУÿһεĻӶҪռиΪĲһ㣬ǹ趯ݺ֮У˿ûǿ谭״ǹϵս⡢ֲ򡭡
һеһзڴʱںϳΪ˾һ㣡
ʲôʱⲻ𾳺̫ž֮䣬Ҳսˣ
еˣ׷׵Ŀʼ˼⣡
ѷ
ֳǹһʩչϵؼ
һֲĿռ֮˺գΪĹâ˲֮УȻնһС
ٶ̫ˣ쵽һܹʶļ޳̶ȡ
һҲ̲סüȻǻħ޺޵ںϣȴҲû뵽Ҷ쾹ȻȻʩչǿؼ
䡭
˲֮УǴѷȻγһʵʷУ͵и£µƣҪɫ
꣡
һĽеϵı鶼ʼ
һ˫ĿɵùԲ޷ŵĿǰһУ
ѣ
·Ĳǿ֮ɢ
ǹ϶ʥս棬һȻǿеնϳΪأ
¡
âһҡҷ漴ս·һɽʼζ
ϣѸٵĳһƬµĲ
ʧȥҫĹսԭ۵ǿϢȴɲǳ˿ȥӦģеˣʱĳܶȥ
ֻмõĵù˵ˡ
֮Уڶŵߡ
˵˫ĿһĶС
һµսս˵УſµǿߣǽһʼȴѾǿĲԵĲһ˿ȥ󵽵ġ
裡
ǿҵ裡
һʷǰУϵһ֣𶯡
Ҷ쾹Ȼô˵棬ĻԼսһִ˿ûĴգҶնɱĻڣ
ϣ
Уһٴεĳ֡

һ֣ȴ̲һ־˵ɱ¾ͺ⡣
ã
Ȼ˶ԷսҶȴû̫ĵ⣬ûնɱһϣ𲻵˿á
һʢŭ֮£Χһʱøӿֲ
ɱ
Ҳ֪˭ŭģֻһ֮Уһȴٴεıŷ˳
ں
ޱߵݻ˼£ߵıз貹⻪ȼһƬա
͡
Ѫ裬ˣ
ϣ
ں
ǹ
ߵֲ֮УȻٴν棡
Ҷ˫Ŀɺ죬﷢һֿ񱩵ĲޱߵչֳԼϵġսӡǣ
ѹ
趯
䡭
޴վĻ쳹˳


1432 ˵
䡭
޴棬գȴַ·˵һ㡣
еˣ̲ס˫Ŀ
֮Уɿµ·ǴС̫һ㣬ݺݵײһ𣬲貹⻪ѾΧһжΧС
˸֮еĹ䵽ķķƶ
¡¡
ʼŰ˲֮Уе˿ʼǿеʩչͨԼеע˫Ŀ֮У֮ϣǱ޾ĹâɵӰ
͡
ٵĻڵĻǴ˳
ֻӰ֮еĳ󼱴ٵĵת
͡
µ߲ıŷҶϲһ˿ʹ
ǰһֲĺۼУ˸ͬһѪ
һɺһĿŶ档
ϵıޱࡣ
̫žǿߣվӦһ鷳ġ
һ㵱ҶĺͶԷս֮󣬲ŸоԽ
ԭϴܹ̫žǿսնɱǿߣҶѾ̫žǿһ˽⣬һ֣һˣҶǴŲСŵġ
ڿĻԼεĽ֣޲Ϊֵĺ˰ˡ
ڵȻʵѾ˳ǲ໹š
ˣһﾹȻûҿȥֻܵˣ
˾ȵķ֣Ҷϵ˺ۿȥǱʵûжٵԡ
ʱ̲סľ
漴ԼĿ⳯һ˹ȥ
һ¶ɫϸ˸ž˵ĺâ
ڷŭһενǳ׵Ķ
оԼ΢΢Ĳŭ⿪ʼ˼¡
裬ǿУ
ҶӲӲĽ֣ûнҶնɱһоԼƶʼЩʹˡ
쵰쵰ʲôģ
һдŭ𲻶ϣ·һµħŭһ㡣
⵹Թ˵ķŭҶʵ̫ˣǿֲķͿµ޲оһв

³һ뵽ղŵĽ֣һǿĽеŭѹһĨЦݣ
ܺãҶϵܿνԽˣ㾹ȻܹҽֵڶΣĳһεĽ֮ٴ˲С
ҶеѩǹתâҲЦĿŶԷ
˴˱˴˰ˣû뵽ΪȻҲ
ߡ
һһ漴ؿڵ˵
Ǽˣɷɡħ
ﵭĺȵ
ĺȴֲЩıʼֳ
Ť˼͵ʵֲڱĸλá
ħȻǻħ
˿ʼ
Щ˵Уǿĸǿߣܶ඼ܴ֮ˣʶ㷺ĺܡ
ħһֹľѧǹϵʩչƥעԼ屳γֱһĴڣʩչԺԼһ޶ϸӵǿ󣬿ν޼᲻ݣСӣһΣˡ
Ϊһ첻𾳵СһȻҲҪǻħ⻹ǳˡ
˲мЦ
ߣ첻𾳵С˵Сܹʹ̫žǿ߶ԿС
Ų˵ķⲻмʱȻֹ
ǰܹΪһĳǿ߶ԿǾϲԷһ̶ϣȴҲҪǿĶࡣ
Ҷû˵ֻǽԼ˫Ŀʼһ˹ȥ
ʱһϵ˿˿ƾȻҲָˣǿЩͬ߰Ť漴γ˲ͬԵĽ
Ŀ񱩣
ˮӿ
׵ƻ
صĺʵ
ڰ䣡
Ű
ÿһֶĲһһЦʱͷţ
㾹ȻԱʩչһҶ켴ˣȴҲ㹻ĽˣһɱԽһǿߣ˺˶Էֱڶŵڶζã
һŽɫؿ˵
ɱ
Ҷû˿ķϻʱȻ֪Խ֣ԼĺôԽ
ϣ
еǹ趯ǹ˲Ĺԣ˸ͬǰľâ
Щâ޲ΧʼܱߵĿռĲ
ԴӵõԴ֮Ҷ似ؼһ޷󵽵ľ˵زϣϵƿػ似ϵʩչѾǳ˿뵽ĳ̶ˡ
һǹԽʱͿռ䣬׷̫ʱڵһֵĹâ
̤ǣ߲һǧ֮ͷų
͡
ﲻ˺ڶ漴ʩչΪ͵ͨϮ˶ԷԴϡ
Դκεһ޶Ҫӵλá

Ҷĳ֣ǾҶٶȣһȴûеӣ෴ǿʼ¶˷ܺͲмЦݡ
͡
͵ӰӣȻ
ʲôʱ򣿡
Ҷд󺧣
ֻȻ˾֣ȵؽԼεƿ
ҾڸղţҶ춼ûиоʩչ
žžž
ٵı漴ĳ֮ϣҶǹͷţȴ޷һ˿һ
Ҷ죬㲻úͱԵģ˵ܹЧڱĻ˵ãĳɾͽֻˣң㻹ԳΪұۣԺ򶼽һϯ֮أǣǧ򲻸õѡͱԣһδεƻ˱ļƻ⣬⡪
ͬŭ𣬺ƺƵĳϯ˹ȥ
Ӿô군𣿡
µ̲ס¶ϧɫ
ϧ
̫Ŀϧˣ
ҶھǿʵԺܹٴεĽĻǵòô˲õܰ
ϧȻһţ̫ѲŰŵһûʱ䣬˵ÿԳΪһʦƿأ
ǰûкҩԣУҲÿˣȥԵģСӣ군ˣ
ǰһǵı飬Ҷȴû˿Ľ֮ɫһ˿˿ϴ
˵𣿡
ʲô
һɫ΢΢һ䣬ƺû뵽ҶôͻȻ˵
Ҫסҵҵۻƽʥ壬ҲҪҵ໥ĶԿ
˵䣬ҶϾȻͻȻıһޱȵܣ˲֮УڶԷ㵵ı֮УʩչԼ֮
ʮơ

޴֮£Ҷۻƽʥʩչ˼£裬һ޷ŵı֮УȻѾ׵İ˶Էƿء
͡
ѩǹʩչһ磬͵Ϯȥһǹ̴


1433 һԪӡ
Σ
ΣΣ
Ѫ䣡
˽Ծ
Ļ֮̿ɫ֮ϣ
һʱ䣬Ϣʼ̣ռ䶼ڱý
޷ŵĿǰһУǴž㵺Ͳı顣
Ҷֳǹ֮ϵĹâ֣һɿµսҪ̵£˰˷ϣ·Ҫһе谭ͳͳĴһ
Ѫ
ֻеѪ
Ҷǹ׵ĶһԷ𣬷·Ǿһ΢һ㡣
ž
ҶϵһֱվΪܲסĴݲУ׵Ļ˷ĩʼɢ
ôܣôܣ
һǿڶû䡣
ڵȴ޷ǰʵ
õһ洫ĵӣȻһССŵӣôǿߣĶԼǺεȵ裡
ž
з·һɲ

ǳԹĴ
̫ˣ
ɫŤĻħεȵϣǿһֲ̫ħɽ˺ѵġ
οĻǰҶ졣
뵱һλԼ߳һȼǿ߶ԱԼ׵˺ѵ
ǿԼոս̫žð
ߡ
һһĨ⡣
ѵ˵ûз𣿡
̲סֹ
ڵƺˣһ϶ܵش
䣡
һȭӶһȻһȭӶҶѩǹ档
ʱһɿµľŤҶ̲סĿʼȥ

һҶĿʼ
ռ
飡
һһɬ
ӡȭ
𡭡
˫漴ݻ
޴צ·ƺƵЯ˺֮͵ĳһץȥ
ҶԼһһҪһ׵Ļɱû

Ҷϣ⻪ʼŷһͣûаܣ
䡭
һɸ͵ʼΧȻǿеƶҶĿռʱ䡣
͡
ӰæĳһѸٵ뿪
һһγɡ
Ļħ޵Ļ
һֻƻ˲֣֮ʩչ˼£·̫ħֱһ㣬ѸٵİҶצ֮ϡ
飡
޴ٴεչֳ
漴ļ֮£ߵ漴˺
˵ģǲܵģ
Ϲչֳ
漴˫ʩչӡ
ȣ
ŭ֮У˫Ŀ·ǻΪ۾һ㡣
̬ڲﵽһ¡
ҶѩǹȻߣ¶˽䱸ɫ֪ΪʲôоΣա
͡
ռ֮ϵչ֣֮ϣһϵŻγɣ֮Уĵطһ޴չ֣ĵڶ߱
¡¡
ռ֮ϣɣ˴Ĺ⻪漴ݻΪٲһ㣬ѸٵĴ·Ĵһ㣬ϡﻩγɣٴεĻʵʣγ˵⣬һΧһϡ
ֻϿɲ˺۾Ȼڴʱ׵ʧˡ
Ϊֲ棬ڲϵŤϵļĲ
˾˵ղŸӵ͡
ǻħ֮
ȻѾﵽ̶ȣħ֮һؼԽԼϵƳ׵޸ϣΪֲڶԷܹʩչԭ

Ҷ֣΢΢ĳ鴤һ¡
˵֪ԼʩչԴﵽٱĻ֪һֺεȵı飬֮һ±ڸӵĿֲ
ȡ
ŭ֮ɻħ޵ӰΧʩչ
Ҷ졭㾹Ȼܹȵ̶ȣʵ˾ȵĺܣǣҲֻܹˣʵѾǼˣԲϴһĴ⣬һΣˣһԪӡ
һԾ
޷ŵĿ֮ϵһƺǶڿһԪӡּɵ˼¡
ȻǿһԪӡһﾹȻѾ뵽˵ĳ̶ǽ֮еĽ޷֮Ƚϣ
һʵҪµȥ˼ˡ
һԪӡ
˵ĸ̲̾סҶüͷ
⿪һԪӡ֣ҶҲ֪ġ
ϵʱڣ粼ǻ֮һʥն˻磬أɾ˵￪ʼı䡣
֮Ҳ漴Ŀʼɢ
նջһʥ⣬Ҳ֮Ϊ֮⣬ʥ⡣
һпȥһĿһԪӡû˿ϵʵϣھ֮ǻħ޾ȻԻħݻһʥ⣬漴γڵĿһԪӡ
Ȼֻݻ޷ﵽʥľ磬ȴҲǿʥʩչ죬ǽ뵽µĳ̶ȡ
ţصʩչ˼£ݻ۷ľ磬˺һ档

޾ʼŤһʩչ֮ϣǻħ޵Ļʼ𽥵
ʱĻħ޵ĻѾģǱ仯ΪΪԭʼ̬
ĻħȾֲצ˺ѳǵ
һԪӡһԪʼ¡һԪ̫һﾹȻ˵ľ磬ȴûдﵽ£
˵䣬ҶѾ¶˿˿ɷ
ʱ¡
෴ǴһԾԾԵĸо
͡
аħ֣
ĵϵĲ
˵ѩǹ˫аħķ졣
ҶնɱһУ
ڵõԴؼĵҲԽ˳֡
žžžž
֮ϵ۶ɭȻĵ⡣
趯ɺ챬ٱ׵ļӳС
͡
ռ֮쵽˼¡
һһ
ĺ
߱ٴεĹע֮С
䡭
ϣ
Ӱ˸һĵâ˸
ڿռ֮У˸Ĺ

һŭĺ
Ʒɣһ޴ӡȻĴ֮Ͻ
͵ƣ̲סǿоԼĺʼһļεѹڼٵĶޱߵѹͷŶ·Ļɽıһ
ۡ
Ѫڵ˿ʼֿסѪ
ҵ˫ĿžĹâ⻹ңԶľ룬ȴѾЧεȵ˾
ߡ
ҶսͣڴﵽʮʮսѪ֮ȻǿеĵֿסԷơ
ˡ
аħһ͵ĵ·̲ķŭһ㡣
ն
һһɽ֣̲ص֮оþõûֹͣ
ռ֮
ռѹƣ
ռ𣡣
Ҷﲻϵĺȵ
ռҲŭڷž޴ĸı䣡
¡¡
һ̣˶ʧɫ


1434 䣡
ԣ
⣡
Ĺâ٣ϵ³ٴӿγһɹɱ
У֣߳һ޴ӡʼǵصӿ߻ΪǿڳΧ˺һƬ档
ӡһںһ
⡢⣬֮Ϊһһڷڡ
һɽӡǣ漴ʩչ˼¡
ȻЯϢѹ
һ̣ѣȴû˿
ǿȻķ֣ⲢûһеѾΪֵĺƴ󣬵ԼĶ䶼ʼ޷ˡ
ʼϮȥݻ˼£γ˷ָ̬
䡭
һξ޴ʼ֡
ֻӰȻ˺һռ䣬ֱֳıߡ
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е˶ĳտȥӰ໥ںϡ
͡
Ѫɣս˫һĻγΪ͵һ
ɱ
Ҷŭһ
֮һ㣬Ϯȥ
С
ݻ漴γɳ˻̬֮
ǿһԪӡں޾ĻħȻħĻ֮ȴҲ޾ķ
ݻ˼֮󣬷·һһ㣬գ棬һе
Ҷ˿Ĳ壬ȾѪս񣬸ʤ
𶯣һƬƬĹԴҶѹ
ռƣ
͡
Ƕݵʱ֮УҶȻƿǶʱ䣬ΪеˣΪʱռߣ
аħ֣ŵޱȵĵںһĨĵϮȥ
ۡ
һ޷ŵĿԼǰһ
ϵıɬ˼£һ˫Ŀ޷ŵĿҶ졣
޷˾ȻԼĿһԪӡǰܹһֻһֻǴﵽ˴첻𾳶ΪССԭһֻϣһֻСѵϰˡ

˼µݳ֮дž޷Įӵľ
Ҷаħ͸뵽塣
Ѿ׵ĶϾһֻҪҶٴεĽаħһ˿Գ׵Ľһ׵ѹ
һˣ
ǿ޷ŵĿգȻû뵽һеĳ־ȻΣӵû뵽Ҷ쾹Ȼܹ˵ĵزʹһж˲˼ĸı䡣
һǲ۲۵Ĵ̫žǿ߰
ôܣһﵽʲôˣ
˼飡
һһˡ
׵ˣ
һΣˣһ̬Եġ
ӴԺһҫΪʷԺ˵ǿñӵˡ
ϵĵ֮Ԩ̫֮֮ںһ
ڷ裬໥ںϣݻΪһֹϵ˼µͲ
׵֮ŵĲ
ҶѾ㣬һ׵ѹѾһλᣬһһҪһ׵ĸûǲģ
䡭
ʱһ޴˳
һֹŹ֣ȴִһֺƴ
·ǹĲˣʵ˼¡
濪ʼ漴Ĺγơ

һݳ
ֻǿ徹ȻһεѸٵĲ׽ˡ
һּаںɫĵ£·һ˯ħһ㣬ʱѾ˵ϢѣᵽΪԭʼѪ
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Ҷɫٵĸı䣬漴еаħҪͼǰȥ
Ǿʱһȴ¶ŤĻߣŤ֮дһּթаЦݣ
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ҶҪ˵ʱͻȻ䣬ΧĿʼ쳣һɼаĲɢ˳
Ҷüͷ΢΢
趯һҫ֮ѸٵĴһࡣ
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֨֨֨
Ĳҽʱɡ
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ʲô
ҶĽе
滹ڲɼ鱻ϵа
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ţħϵĽе
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ţħٶȷɿĳԶʼȥﲻϵ˵
ۣ֮
ҶѸٵʩչԼͨ
˲֮Уһа֮ȻﵽҶ֮Уδйĳ̶ȣԶʮ֮ɢ
ȥǿ
Ҷüͷ΢ؿ˵


1435 죡

ܲ
׵Ű
ɼñһ׵ͷš
ӿԭʥʥӰʱȴҲ仯Ϊ˺ںɫĹâݻΪ˺ڰħӣħˮʣ˳ŴķĿһЩ޽Ӵ֮󣬱ᱻǿеѹ޵ĳ̶ϡ
ȥ
ţħ·ûҶĻһ㣬ĺ
һţ޷ŵɫ
ԣȥҸоˣһǿӿĿ³̶ȣƽģ
Ҷǿ϶˵
ңӵĸоˣźܴܣȻûа취֪ȴҲ漰ĹؼҪﵽһ˵ĳ̶ϡ
漰ħ֮
ħ֮
ء
ţħԼţͷҡεĺһ˹İ㡣
ȥȥүҲȥ̫ˣȥҪǹɿµƣǲȥ֪µ˼°
ҶӵĿѾһۣ
㡭Ǻ˰ɣ
£
֮ţħӶʱùԲĺ
£үӳڣ֪ôдأ
Ҷһĳ鴤
ӳڣѾҲͶ̶̵ļʱѣ
ȻҪȥˣţħҲֱӵĳȥ
Ҷ˫ĿΧĻʵǲʲôõطΧϢһһȾѪʬ֮ŻγɵζܹﵽζŨĳ̶ȣԲ򵥰
䡭
ռٴεӿ
һսʿȻ˺գ̤㵽ҶҲ׶ѡ
ƴɱ֮ÿһλսʿ϶ŹϵļУиŹϵıУȻ⼣߰ߣȴһֱ˿Ĳ
սʿ棬Ȼһ޴Ľӡ
صĽ̶ɵģǽΧҺɫĻУԵüأ
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֪ΪʲôڿЩսʿ֮Ҷгһֵֹֹĸо
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Ҷǿֶζ̲סıͷƤ顣
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Ħһ㣬ڿ֮Ť·Ǳиһ˺ѵĲ
ֻһ仰ȴصı仯˵ʵҶ찵Եľѡ
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ðȫҶðеĵȥһȺˣѵ㲻֪ǽ֮𣿡
ţħȻֻǸոյļȴȫҶ춼޷֮Ƚϡ
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Ҷüͷ𣬿ǽӳ
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ǰ֮һöĽΪõ컯ǿ߹עҲϵǿѧص䣬漴Ĳʶ֮󣬻Σ漴Ϊ֮ռĽʯЩսʿÿһλսʿȻûжٵʶʵȴŴľ硭
Ҷ΢΢һ
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ЩսʿǵУȻŴ̫žǿߣֱǲܣһѽȻ˵̬ɳôǿ󣬾һ漣
ܿ죬Ҷ뵽ǽеĽ֮
ǽ֮Ϊ˵ǿΪһҲǲܵġ
ţǽ֮ԸĿ¹죬žԵɱ¾ԣղԵм£ûὫǸġ
˵ʱţħţУ̲סµγ˵
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Լľ˳õʱˣİνǴĺܣѰ֮޷оľĴڣһصļһȴǿľ֮˵ž˵ֶΣԼСһ㡭
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ǿֱԺڡ
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ռϵĸı䣬⵹˸оΪĺ
Ҷü
ǿһռ䷢޴ĸı䣬ҲΪʲôǿƽȴôõʱȴûеԭˡ
ˡ
ǿϢѾʼøҶ΢ؿ˵
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ֲֿƣҶ̲סüͷ
ôİ׹ǣÿһ·ǾӨһ㣬ȻƴֲڣȴŻȻɵĺܣ˵Ŀֲ̲סҶгһĨ⡣
ˡ
ռ֮Уʼ
һ޴Ļɫлس


1436 
֮ϣ
Ƭĺɫƶ治ϵľۼ
׵⣡
ֻգۣȴ·ת˲ǧ꣬漴ˮʼ䣡
Щˮ·ǴǧĿʬʬˮһ
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ţħ̲סĶҶţ˵
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֮ۻͷţϵĹ۲ΧһУǿ˺þãûпһĳеʲôı䡣
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ƺǱһֻԶԲһ㡣
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ÿһλŴϢǿ󵽼µˣǿԴﵽ첻𾳶ľ磬㾳ѾԱǿǿˡ
ҶСĿһˣһλǿߣˣȻȥޱȵǴŷϢôһ֮
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˶ߣǴ֮ĸӲĺܣҪ˵ǴǿߣǿˣĿ飬ҲȥüһµģϴŵļС
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ЩۼȻһϵ˺ۣҲ֪ʲôɵģȻµţ˼ϵĻâ
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һλܣȻȥ꣬ʵϣȴͨҶ춼ûаտԺͶԷӲƴġ
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Ƕսħҹʮȴûз˿Ĳ·ʯһ㡣
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ȻûзӦҶȴӵĿ϶ߵݣûİˣҶӣͱˡ
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ҶٴεĽԼע
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ˮع䣬һ̶ͻȻĳ֡
·Ǽ׶һ㣬˵Ķ߲ϵĻо·Լǰһı仯ŮԼǰҡҷ˵ΣԼΪ˵Ĳλµĸ
֮޲־ǿ֮ˣǱǲᱻǿеջģڴʱǿȴоԼѪţһ쳣ı仯ɣ컵ϵ̨ڲ
ߡ
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û뵽ǿļһﻹţŴڳµľ֮ʱʧܶ䣬ڿɰʧǧʱ䣬ʵƺǱøǿ
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뵽˴̫žΪÿһ죬Ҫʱ䣬νǳĿơ
˵ʥĻղŵһλǴʮԪǿߣľݣ
ľݣѵģҲδ䣿Ŵ˺ʥͷľºݶΪһ֮һԪնɱΪıǻ֮еľˮɵǣʥһþǴԪ֮У޾ʹ˽ˡ
еʷ
ʼԴ˵
͡
һںɫĹâȻĴգѸٵ˵ǰ
ڶԷ㵵֮УѸٵü֮һš

һԴƵĲҽ
ԷѸٵ漴˾㵵֮Уһؿľ
ˢ
еǿߣ޲ʼһؿľΧѾҲûһС
ԵǼɵǳ֮ˡ
еҲֵ֪ļһʮа˾űľˡ
Ҷһļɵ
²ûдĻڲǰһľ֮ľĲҲľΪˡ
ҡʥ⣬ôõʱˣû뵽㻹û
赽˼µٴεĳ֡
ռһӿ漴ļӰĳ˵ǰ
һɫĳۣɫ֮дŻҰľȻݣ·ǧƤһ㣬Ͱ͵ͬһ㡣
Ҷ΢΢һһﾹȻľݣ
ԼڵľȴڲϵĶƺǸоľҪĶһ㣬Ҷݺݵز
ǿߣɲʱȥǵġ
ڴ˵ߣһˣ˵ĵزһλڵ꣬൱ע⡣
˵ϻһµǿϢȻҲѾ뵽˴̫žһľ硣
ľ֮Ũĺܡ
Ҳʱһɫ΢΢һȻҶһķϿȥ


1437 ų֮š
֮д˿˿֮֮޲·Լļⶼʼ̲סĲ
ӹǣԷü֮УȻαɫĹâˮΰӡǣӡǺͶԷϵϢȻͬһַ·ɢ޾Ϣ

Ҷ쾪ޱȵĿŶԷüĵӡǡ
ղŻΪԼ֮ľ仯ľݣľ񱩵ĲҶ쾪ȵķ֣Լϵı仯Ȼϡ
ιӡǣŨ֮Ǳҹս֮УҪֲʲô
үҪӣӶûȤð
ţħϵش˵
ϡ
ߡľݣ㻹Ǻǰһ޶ı񣡡
Ϊҡʥʥؿ˵
һɷǷƶʱıŷ
ϵĲʼŷҲ漴ĽԼע˶ԷϣҶţħҲѸٵȻ㿪ԶԶء

ҡʥɫ΢΢һԭԴģ棬ʼ쳣һűŭӳǰ
ŭ
֮ŭ֮ŭ֮ŭħ֮ŭ
Щķŭڳǿ˵㲻ʲôսÿ˵ѾǼҳ㷹ˡ
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һ˫ĿϵעλƤڵ꣬ȷе˵ע⵽˶Էü֮еӡǡ
ľˮ㾹Ȼľˮע뵽ڣһֱ㣬Ȼע뵽˱˵ڣľˮǹ֮ĺܣٸԪ򶼲ûһΣŵ䱦㾹Ȼã²ĲĻӦĺˡ
Ҷ΢΢һ
ٸԪźĳһΣֵν޷Ƶģ֪ҵľúʲô̶ȣϾľˮأҵľȴǴûмعе֮㹻˵һˡ
뵽Щ֮Ҷ̲סüͷԵĸСϾȻҶԸоҡʥķŭȴɿԴӶԷ˫֮п˿˿̰ͰռϢ
֮ˣΪԼ˽֮ȥɱˣҡʥ⿴ĳҲ˵֮ˡ
Ϊľˮ㾹Ȼкҵãڣľˮ㻹Ǹɣ
ⱬʱģǿһʧɫһѰϢǵصй
ҫԷ·ǲҪĿʼͷųĳжʼĺ
ҶüͷкţħϽĹǿ߿ɲֻҡʥľôļ򵥣˵սħߵλߣ˵֮ȵȵģЩ˵ʵСǱҡʥⶼС
һŪõĻҶ춼䡣
ֻǺ棬ôĹǿߣΪʲôħ֮֮УⱾֻһλսѣѧԺĵĳЩϵѧԺ˵֮еˣѵ˵Ͳ֪һ㣿ǿ˵ЩǿǿĴڣҲеġ
Ҷüͷ𣬲ϵ˼⡣
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ൽ׵ľ޴ɫʥȻĻӶ漴һֻ֣Ȼǿеʩչ˾޴֣֮ɫݵץ˹ȥ
һУҽǣʱʵϣȴʥĽһƬռ֣ƺƵ֮޲Ϊ촷ۡ

һλǿߣΪֵĿǰʱǿ˲Ϊ촷ۡ
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ʱҡʥľѾս˼£оĳ֣ʱɫ΢䣬漴Ľʩչλá
䡭
еķ֮еˣɫ

ǹĹųǣ
䡭
һµı쳹
ų֮ţشˡ


1438 ƽ룡
¡¡
ĳţĴ򿪣·ӿޱȣİѹ
Χ·ɢ˼£ڿ֮Уؿʼγɣһǿ𶯲Ĳ˵ǰһȥԭǼ򵥣ΪǿֲѹǰûκεһˣҳΪзĵһˡ
ҡʥľվһ߲࣬ȥ໥ĶԿ񽻻֮Уȴǿҵļɵ
Ȼ໥䱸š
šˣ
֪˭һ
Ȼķ֣ϵĳžȻѾڲ֪䳹׵Ĵˡ
ϵʯ棬źںɫĺۼȻֻǼ򵥵ıʻȴһаĻ档
һۿȥһаϢ·ħӡУԵȥᱻеħɵ
µĸо
ҶһоԼ΢΢Ĳ
һɺ˸ϵĳʯڲȥ
ࡢа񡢴بš
Ϣںһ𣬸չֳһƴĻ档
аϢռ
ΧϢϻķ棬ϵʯ϶һּаϢ
ΪаϢĳ֣ǿɫʼ쳣
ô죿
˿ʼԵĽе
λϵǿҲ֮ɫ߱ضվüͷ
Ҷ쿴Щϵǿߡ
аԵ˼⣺
ЩϵǿߣԲеĵģϾֻһһλֵᣬǿߣܶ඼һʦ϶ҲǵõĳѶϢġ
֪ΪʲôҶǸоһεħ֮֮У϶ĳֽƣǴıûҲ궼Ҫǿ𺳡
ߡ
һ࣬ǱػеĽϴһ֮ɫ漴һӰĳС
֮һöϵĽγɣøᣬն˿ûжԥ
ԭܵǿǿĹγɣӹע˹ǿǵԸ߰ĺܣһ漴ǲһǿ߳˽ȥ
һλǿһλ첻۷Ľսʿ
ֳ񽣣޸̤㣬϶ʱһ
䡭
һԾ˲Ľ뵽С
ǹĹųڲһۿͷֻ޾ʬˮʺͺѹѹһƬȥٵİ뷨
䡭
ڶԷ뵽вá
һҵͻȻı
ųڲʱͷųһµ硣
ʮ䵽˼£·뵽Ĺһ㣬һֲĸо

ֻǼ𶯺ͱƵѣҶȴɼĿˣȻ֮ɫҶȴԸоһޱǿڷĻš
ߺޱȣ
ȻЩսʿȻҲǽʯɣȴעһƿصϵȻҲԸоԷΣӶԷеΣȻǲ򵥡

ĵߵ
ǽ֮һϵǿ߰
ɡ
˲м
֪ƨţ֮ǿޣȻ̬ȴǿ߹עıϵ侭ڵģЩϵǿߣ˿Ĳ
һλǿ߷˵
˵䣬ǽ֮ȻҲо˵Լǿݲڱ˵ģʱתǽ׻ĸֳ
һֺεȹɫ񣬷·һû˿Ĵڸһ㣡
͡
µĽɫâӶԷ˫Ŀ֮ͷų
ۡ
Ѫŷ˵ĵǿߣ˲оԼĺһļ٣漴Ѫɽ⣬һĻᶼûУ
ҶаԵһȫû뵽֮Ȼǿ˵ĳ̶ȣ±ľݡҡʥ֮Ѷãǿ
֮ĳ֣Ҳʼ΢΢ɫ
״ˣСӽȥ
ͻȻģһֱվľ꣬¶һĨ˵
˲䣬е˳һ˹ȥ漴¶˻߹Ц߲мֻЦݡ
Ҷɫһᣬ˫Ŀ֮еâ˸ϣڵѸٵıŷ
ΪѾ˵ˣǱˣԼ
綾߰Լ꣬ҶѾԴ˲ǿҵɱ⡣
еŵȻֻǴ첻𾳵Ϊȴվ˿ûоµӣСӣȻĲ򵥰
ɳƣ˿˿⣬ľݾȻҶȤ
СӣҪԼ뻹ǴϷȥ
ҡʥҲ¶һĨĻɣȻǸоҶ첻򵥣ȴû˵
ǿߣ㲻ʲôˣЩ˵У󲿷ֶһЩմѪ֮εĻҶһС
ڰĶսħҹʮһ
Ҫ¶Լ
Ҷﴫȵ
ʱѾԿ϶ߵݡ
ڣһսħҹʮȫ¶ĻԵûʲôôұ׶
ҲүȻѡ쵰֣飬
ţħﲻϵ
Ҷʱϣ˵ŽȥĻˣҲᷢݣʱ򣬻ðɮһĸϷˡ
ҶߣٻʱԵİȫЩ
ߡ
Ҷĺһ
ʱ򣬲ľݶȤҲѾʼ¶˺Ĺâ
ڴʱһ˲Ȥɲһ¡
Сӣ㾹ȻҵңǲΪСүأ
ٴεĺȵ
ϿֲŨľıŷݻһ޴ľۻ󣬳Ҷѹȥ
ˣ
ҶҲ̲סĸţħһʷǰɱͱӡ
Ҷȴ֪һ˸ĻǶԼ˵϶û˿ĺôģԣ΢΢ĶţħڶԷŭţУһâϵĴųȥ
쵰ľݣǸ֣үһģ
ңңģţħĽƺ൱棡
ߣ𣿻Ҳٴεġ
˳֮Ϊ֣϶ʱıޱȣһĴ֮ɫ￴˹ȥƺʲôһ㡣
뵽֮󣬶ʱһĺѸٵıٱĵز
ÿµϢ
Ҷĺ
ҫ㣡
֮ɢҫ˫ĹâĽɫâ·һһĵ˺ڰ֮С
Ǵĺ⣬ʱй˼£໥ļҶϵĹ֮ʼײ
͡
ţħѾӵĿ񱼣ٶȱµĺܣʱӽԼ̵ʩչٶȸǿٵľˡ
ۡ
ƺһ㱡ĤĽ类˺ѵڶ֣߳ʱΧĺ⾹ȻѸٵɢˡ


1439 ˮ֮
Щǡ
ǰһе˲Ҷ̲סĽ
һϵĻɫǰţһϵʯųں棬һʯѾˣ߰ߵĺۼȥʮԣΪֲǶԷѾѳΪΣм䳹׵ı˿նһƬ
һɹ϶ƴϢȴʯɢ˳
ĻƺӣԴԴϵͷųĹ⻪
ʲôطүôоԾأ
ţħ̲סĽе
Ҷص˵ͷ
̫ƽˣΧһԵ̫ƽˣָоȻȥܰȫʵȴһİĲͷ·ڰһ˲õǿһ㡣
Сĵ㣬ôоԾ
ţħٴεظ
Ҷص˵ͷ
漴ĳܿȥ
ΧǹϵĹľ˿˿Ĺζ֮Уһָζ̲סü
ƺӵĶ棬һƬȺɽ
Ⱥɽƣɣ䣬һʼγȹϼ̬
һľ磬̲סУȥ֮̽ϵ硣
ﵽĳһаϢȴɾľף⵽ʲôط
Ҷ΢΢ĸ̾˵
ߣϽߣ֪Ϊʲôүо൱ĲƺĳＴһģǸ飬үһҪ쵰׵ѹ궼һֻ֮ء
ţħҧгݵĽе
Ҷ˫Ŀ΢΢һ䣬⵹ǿ϶ģϾû˵ǰ˵ıԼҶŭ˼£Ҷ챾ƦӵԸ
ԸȫΪǰǹ¶ݣһ˼ɣȻ֮УԼѺͰˣƦӵԸѹ
һ֮ȴ͵ɱ⡣
һɣʲôݣľݡҡʥ⣬Ϊ˸ۣ
䡭
һ޴ͻȻϢһռ䣬ҶȻѹ
ֻƷ·ǲ֣֮ǻҶǧףȴѾһռ䳹׵ĸˣǿϢʱҶɫ䣺
ô£
Ҷоȴû˵ӣȭͷӶӡȭѸٵı
𡭡
һʵʣŤݻ޾
ս˸˫
ϵγɣ
µţħŭ
裡
һɿµʼٵɣ˵ħ٣ǵصͷŵķ
ţһ
Ҷڿշ
䡭
޴ӡһУɢ϶ǿϢ˲֮У·ҪΧ
޴𶯣ڵ쳹˳ݵľ롣
Ҷɫ䣬·ǱһĴһ㣬ڲ

ŭһʮĳ
ٱӳ֣˼¡
һţħ壬ռ֮ļӳ£ȻĴ˶Էƿء
ۡ
һѪ̲ס
ߵĺȻǱܵһ˺⻹ֻһƶѡ
סе˼
һ
ҲҶӴܳãһŲҲ漴˶Էע⣬漴һռ䲨˺ķȻɢ
ǸСӵϢڣϷԸо
һش
Ҷ컹ĻһҧгݵĿŴˡ
ֻΧȻĲһɫĺۼһľ۵Ļʩչ֮˺ѳһ·¶һӰ
ľݻ˭
ߣۼʮλĹǿߣޡ
ȻҲ˽
ߡ
ҡʥһ˿ûǽһ˫ĿԶȥ
ôˣȻõϢҡʥ⣬õĲҪϷУûˣǾͲҪϷ㷢ѣ
ľݿΧǿߣؿ˵
Χǿ֮УܶĶһЩѾൽ˼µĲǿߣӶ꣬ȴһЩѾĳԪ֮ˡ
ߡһΣǵĿЩõĻ˵ÿԼΪһ¥һҲ֪ģ˵򲻵ѣǲѡֵġ
ڶսħߵλ߻ؿ˵
Ϲ֣㾹ȻûǺĺܰ
ߣľݵɫ΢΢һ䣬ƺ뵽һݣ֮вϵ˸żɵĹ⻪ԵĶһΪļɵ
İɣǲѡǳֵģȿȿȡʹˣˣȻ޷ЩСһлˡ
һ󼱴ٵĿϹֵﴫƺһѩ֮ɫʱöȴҡʥ˵һĺߡ
ѾҲ̫޳˵㡣
Ϲ֣һǿߣʵ൱ǿģǸӿµȴڶԷԸϣһһʮļˣ˳üԸΪ϶档
ǵˣûһ˿ӳĵġ
̵ĳ̶ȿµĺܣС˼¡
ֻҪǵ˶Է͵ɹƭֶΣԷԵĿԷӵ쾡£˵ٵ˻ѡΪС
ߡ
֮ȵĿ˵
Ľ壬ȻӵԸűаԸ
ֱֱȥն
ʧȥԼһսʿ֮ŭȻӵĿֲ
ٺٺ١
ľ΢΢Цһ漴ĸϡ
ҡʥȻû˵ȴҲһֱڿľݵĶ΢΢һ֮ҲѸٵĸС
һƺӣǳһ㣬Ϣĳ˵ǰɭϢϵӿһ޷ƺӵײ㣬ǲһɭ˼µĸо
⡭ǻȪ֮ˮ
ǿͻȻؾ
λϵǿɫ΢΢һ䡣
漴ĿǻȪ֮ˮ
ħ㹻ĿǵΪ
һλǿ̲סķƻӶһֻ޴ӡӡɫͬһ㣬ٵһȪ֮ˮ
𡭡
һŭͻȻĴ
ǴȪ֮ˮڲͷųġ
ŭ𣬶ʱȪ֮ˮȻĹһ⻪˸ûеȵ˷ӦǿߵѾ׵ľ𣬶˻Ȫ֮ˮ档
áߣɽȪ֮ˮѾγˮ֮飬ɱħߡ
һλǿߴĺ
˲ϵĺܣźɫĳۣɷ˫Ȼһλɱ¾֮ǴʱȴҲ¶һĨ޷ڸǵľ֮ɫۻӶԼ£һףȻıߡ

ľҲӦ˹һץס꣬漴ĸС
λǿߵķӦΪʱģǿҲ򵥣Ȼ֪ھʲôȴҲ֪Լһο϶ǵ˲õ˿ٵĸС
𡭡
Ȫ֮ˮϵķ
ϡ
һ֮


1440 ƹŵ
ֻĹͻȻһĳ֣һ̫ͬĹﾹȻȪ֮ˮ֣һֻܵĹһԻǵĻɫͫ棬˸ѪĹâ
ԷһţһƬɫ󣬾Ȼźǿǣȥ

ĲҽϵĴ
Ȫ֮ˮΪϵ֮ˮ
̲һζᱻûһʱ̣ữһƬˮ
Ȫ֮ˮȴֱ֮ΪΪصħˮ֮һ
̲ħħ֮ˣСȥһ㣬Լٶһײеĵز
ֻҪǷõǾͿǷԣ
ԱΪȪ֮ˮ
飬Ȫ֮ˮΪϵˮȻҲص㡣
ˮ֮飬Ȫ֮ˮ̲صŻȪ֮ˮľаļ¡
ɫϵݻΪΪϵƣεؽˮ֮ǿеƿסԷж
ȴޱԷĻȪ֮ˮɵˡ

ˮľľľ֣
ľݵŭȵ
ϵľۻ󣬼ٵĳ֣һƬĻȪ֮ˮ׵ѹ
ľˮ֮Уľ֮ע˻Ȫ֮ˮԺ󣬲ûɢøӳӯ
оԼڴݳľݵ¶˾ϲɫȻҲоԼϢʼȪ֮ˮÿʼӴ
ڿĻȪ֮ˮˮ֮֮ȴ̲סһߣҧ뿪
ˮ֮飬ɱ֮Ƕû֮ſԽסǹעʸ񳹵׵ѹϧˡ
֮ﻺؿ˵
ɫ൱࣬ΪߣǾսʿɵˡ
Щסˮ֮飬ûЩˣҲѱᱻԷ
Ǹޣѻ˭ǵٴεжǾͲҪȽ
ľݵĽе
ܲˬļλǿҲˡ
һ˱һֻŪǱĳ̶ȣʵĶ˵úܣеŭȻҲ˼¡
Ȼ˵ǿ߸оΪķŭȴȥ׵硣
ǰ϶ģˮ֮飬Ȼסˣһλǿߡ
Ϲֵﻺ˵
һԻǵ˫Ŀϵ˸â֪˼ʲô
ǰһɽϣǿߴս֮أ˳õʱ䣬ڿ֪ǵ˶ٵĶ
ľݵ˫Ŀâϡ
ѵ˵λǿߣ
˾ϵĽ
͡
â˿µϢ֮Ѹٵĳ˵֮Χƶȥ
顭
λϵǿĳ֣ȻǷǱѰԷһʸûУ㱻׵ˡ
ɱ⣡
˹
ż˵ĺ֣ʱ˵Ҳպ
ߡȥɽ
ҡʥ˫Ŀħ󲻶ϣ˦ʱݻһʥƣİɫչֵ˼£ɿĿ
Ӱҫ˸ķƶչֳǴףһ㡣
ҡʥ⡭
ҡʥϵҫľݵɫ΢΢һ䣬֪˼Щʲô
ЩϵǿߣʱѾȫĳˡ
ܵļһʮһλÿһλǴ֮Щǳ㹻һ
͡
Ӱϵ˸ߺϼ󡭡
û˼£ɢԭ
һЩǿߣʱѾоﲻȫ漴໥֮󣬿ٵĳź뿪
Ȼ˵رܹ֮ǿߣԵĲǼ֮ǿرҲȥܰ
Ⱥˣ
һ
ҪȺҲ㹻ˣǿ꣬Ҳ㹻һ˿긴ˣǸӺÿ𣿡
һ漴
Ҳá
ɢ
Ⱥɽƣ
ϼ󣬻û̬
ɽ֮ϣ
ϵ⿴ȥޱߵɽ濪ʼƺǹճһʷһ㡣
ʲôûУ
˿һеʱ򣬶ʱʧĽ
Ͼò׵ȴʲôûз֣ʵ˸оʧޱȡ
á
֮һȭӶȥ
һȭ̫·ǻ񽣳һ㣬ĲγΪϵĽ

һȭݻۼȻĿռ
žžž
һĲʼֳ
ʱΧĻȻ䡣
һƵĴ˵ǰ
ǹ죬ɽм䣬ƵĴ֮£һݡ
ݿȥ಻ϣһ޷⵽Ƕٵ
ʲô˭Ĵ
̲ס˵뷨ͷ
ΡĴɽ֮УնĵȴӵһĨᣬ·һпĵһ˫ս˫۾ڿһ㡣
˱
һɵգϼޣ˼ɾ̬ǰȴǲɱ¾ϢĲоɹŵ߾ȻҲ໥ںϣΪľȡ
һλźɫ۵üͷǰһϵĴ˫Ŀڲϵ˸⻪üͷ뵽Щʲô
ޣһɱ¾ĴԪǶĺܣʲô
ҡʥĿӣѯʡ
ѯʣʱҲʼԼĿ⳯ź۵İ޿ȥ
΢΢תԴһ˫Ŀҡʥ⿴ȥ
ʶ
˵䣬Ȼǰȥ
ˬĸоõһҲбӵʱ򡭡
ľЦ֮УԵĴֻĲ
ʶô
ҡʥ˵漴Уٵ̤ȥ


1441 ౦
ϵĽݣʷĵѾù쳣
һŲ棬˸оһĲоͷ·ԼѾ뵽ĳĿռ֮У
̫ԾҪԼСһ㣡
Լߵ꣬ľݿڸ
һģİɣҵʵ˿ҵǰֵôģ
ǽɫ
ߡ
ҡʥһ˸˿˿һĨɱƣȴܺõûбκεһ

һνݣȴ··һ㣬˾Ȼķһӵʱȥ
ȥһ˲䣬еˣĵһ
һΰ۷Ľ
޴ʯĵ̡ϵķġصͼڡ
֣ϵĴȾԽ

֮ͻȻоʲôһ㣬Ųǰ
ʹ֮£κεһ˶Լ˵ǱԼһݵǿ󱦲أڿ˽֮Ķ֮Ҳ漴Ѹٵĳǰȥ

һ΢ķĿһƬĳ¶˵ĹۼЩۼƺǹϵͼڣȴĳаӡǡ
ЩϵǿǣÿһλڳŹϴڲȥȻҲûпһ㡣
ǡ
˴ڲ֮˲䣬ҵжʱٴεı𺳵ˡ
µĵ
޵ĵ
һλʥֳۣì裬й޾ƣһԻĿԲ·ǿبźδһнܵϵһì֣һе谭ͼȥѹ
ֻһ񣬵ȴһĤݵĸоͷ·ǼؼĴ۾һ㡣
һһλѱӣһɺ·Ƕħ۾趯һħħݺնһƬĿռ䣬һƿԼУ֮
ŭĿӣԵĴڵжԵ̬֮С
Ȼûдﵽʮ׵ĸ߶ȣҲҵĵز־ƣȴ͸ʯ񳹵׵й
ۡ
ٵޣڿǰ֮󣬾Ȼ̲סĿʼһѪ
һĳ죬·ܵĪѹһ㡣

ǿӶۣϵŷٵĽԷɢƵֿ
һĵֿȴ·ͱһ㡣
ֻʥһĴȱǿߣʯ񣬾Ȼ͵ı˾춯صơ
ɽӿһϢ֮С
˵ĺһɬ·ǸоԼ˵ĺʼü쳣
ɫ֮УĽ
ô£
ȺɵţȻΪһǿ׵ǵġ
֮ϵһ֮һԵĴֻĲСֹ
ϸϸĿȥһӰ˶ţͷԡ
һ࣬վһˣŰɫۣѩɫĳ΢΢Ʈ߲Ҷţħ˭
ǽ磬ȻҲ
޾֮Ĺŵܴ
ҶĽȴҲٵļ˾˵Ĵ
ôķΧҪΪ򵥵ġ
ߡȷʵЩѣ
Ҷߵ
ЩˣȻҲûжٵĺøУ˵ǲ顣
ֻ֮У͸¶һɹϢʵа衣
۽
֮ɫ΢ۿ裬һ첻ϡ
䡭
һĻʱĿʼɡ
һâĵ
޾̫
֮ǽĽᾧĸʩչʱֳһо޴Ľ˾޴Ľӿʼ࣬ס˶Է塣
ȻɿֲĽ֮Уȴͬһζһ㣬˿޷͸Էķ
¡¡
ֲڱǿҲʼʩչͨǿеĵֿ
͡
磡
ڣ
ȭͨ
Ķ
ıЩǿߵĵֿ֮£ѹƺҲʼС
ǲ򵥰ĳ̶ȣΪռ֮ЧҲᱻѹסġ
ţħ¶˸̾ɫ˵
һţȴϵĳһȥͷԼͣ¶ɭȻݡ
һˣǱˣһֱľߵλꡣ
һһʮСۣһˬˣǾǴ޽ɶ޿κΡ
򵥡
Ҷ˵˫ĿȴڳΧ
ʱҲоǿ֣߳˵ֻȴûʱȥһܵĻ

Ҷ˫Ŀ΢΢
Ȼ֣֮ϣĸţųϽ֮ɫȥӨ쳣·Ͻɫɳһ㣬ʱţħҲŲ򵥣̲סĽе
öö͸ߵġ
ȻĲ࣬Ǽȴǿֲһ۱㿴ĸţÿһɺǺɳɣǺɳǺںܶĴԪ֮жҲȭͷСĳ̶ȣеĴԪһŶûС
żҸоﲢ򵥡
ҶţħܹĶȻҲ˿Կˡ
ǽ֮˫ĿȻı˵â
Ϻ¶˿ϲɫǴ֮壬ϵĽ֮ԣŵ˵ޱȵҪ
ȥá
ľݳ˦һѽԼλ˦ŵһ࣬һֻƿľ۵ĻѸٵĻס˶Է
Ҳõŵ˲䣬͵һӰȴ̤֮С
ٺٺ٣ү͸оر֣ñֱײǶôɫ󰡣ʩϸԵ
һϤ֣ĳȴҶ΢΢һ漴һĨЦ⣺
౦Ȼһ
ʥϢ˼µЦݣ౦˭
һֻʴƣһѴţ漴ٴνϵҲߣڶԷɫϣһɨЦ
ǺɳϽɫǺɳллˡ
ˡǺɳĸ֮ʼˡ
ڵӣң
֮ŭһʱʩչͨһֻɫ̫漴Ļһ⣬ںһɿֲĽŶ౦Ϯȥ
򱦻壬а
౦ϣһⱦʱγһݻٴγһֻʴƣݺݵسǽĴ˹ȥ
䡭
һֲıʱΧĴҲ˲
䡭
ͺ¿ң
֮ٴηȡ
۽ĻȻĻӳһ
һ̲޾İ·ǹעһ˿Ϣһ㣬Ļһ㣬Ĳƶ


1442 
Ķ
һɺâ·صƣѹǺںһһ
Ȼ֮ҲѾ౦ŭˡ
ʱĶ౦Ҳ΢΢һ仯̬
ʵȻǷȴҲֻǱ֮ǿһЩѣŽ֮ĺŭһȻĲҴ⡣
ǧ׹
ǷʴƿٵĽӡȻʩչ˸ͨһŽѾŵûӣ߷ɵ˰УƫбľֱӵĽ߷ɵ˽֮Ķ档
ң
˶౦ֶ֮ľݵʱһ¡
ֱϵѪΪľԵʣĺֱ࣬ϵĺٵĿΪԵɺ֮£ԼֱϵѪҲʧ
˵ΪԼֱϵѪףɷѿĵĺܣεܹöԷ
ң
ըףķƶ
޴ľۻȻı޴ƻһ޴ɫħɽסӵ
ٺٺ١ǣлˡ
Է˵ϣö౦һľ㵣Ǻܿȴ˫תӡȻɢ⡣
ӿѸٵıơ
Ʋһ޴ӡ·̫ɽһصѹ
һ̫ͬʱڵĵһâ̴ķ
һΣȴľݵ֧֣ľ۵Ļ󣬲ڣǰһڵںľ໥һˡ
ᣬæĳ֣ƿصǧ׹·ǻʷʫһ㣬ȻıŤѸٵ˽֮һռ䡣
쵰
֮׵ŭˡ
΢ͺ¿
֮ٴε
Ը絶罣һĽ֮ȻҲ˵ԿĳʱŭѾһεȾ˵ĳ̶ˡ
౦ɫһ
ͺ¿
漴һƵԴ棬ϴŷŭɫƻӶȻٴεĴһӡǣǾ޴ǧ׹ĻʵʣɫĹ⻪˸˫
䡭
·Ĵɽݺݵѹһ㣬޴ıѣ޾Ťһ㿪ʼٵߣ˷ޱȵĿնһеϰ

֮У·̲һ㣬֮
ʱҪˣôˣȴûмô޳ܵļһ
һһĶսһẦ˴ˣ౦ȴֻʩչֶΣȴѾ˵Ǳˡ
ϡ
޴̫񽣣Ȼǧ׹棬һš
漴Ľɽӡն
ʱĽ֮ȴѾǱ˼£һۣ鲻ͷϵĳѾ쳣ڱһ׳ȦȦʮεӣһԹ˫ſµâ·İҪӸĴ̴ˡ
𿴷үүķ಻Ȥ
֮һ£ŭ˼µʱ˶౦Ļ֮󣬲ûһõһǿߣϵĴǿߣ챻ǱѾǺˡ
û뵽ǣ౦;Ȼ˵Ķ񶾣
%#%#%#
ŤĲȴ֪εŭļˡ
лл˸ǡ
һѽĸŷŵԼĻ౦ĶľЦ˵
ǣ
ľݵʱ򶼳׵ĺ
޳ܣ
쵰

ľݱǸ޳ܵļһļһȴҲûôҪˣͺڣʱӺڵͬһľ̿һ㣺
ãܺá
ʱ֣Ǽ飬˵ΪԷһľݲʱֻ֣ǿһǷӣľһҪȥ˵ĳ嶯
ȷʵǺɳ
౦Ц˵
һ̶С۾˸СǰĹâԵһȱļһ
ûˣҶ˵ķܺã
ľݵٴεظ
ȻǶڶ౦׵ĺˡ
ٺٺ١
ǲԼĽ֮ľݣ౦ȴȻ⡣
һÿµʵȷʶǿߣǿߵĻԭǿߣҲĶְ
ţħ̲סʵ
Ҷû˵֮۲ϵչǸоһ˿ԾĵطƺΧһ˫Ѫ۾ڲϵĿˡ
ˡ
һ󼱴ٵ͵γɡ
·Ƕĳʼȶ˲Ĳ֮Уĺʼ漴γɣЩĺܣ·ǻһ㣬ŸϢ趯
á
ҶҲû룬ֱӵĶ
ʱҲһ㡣
͡
ݡ
ʼ֡
һɫצͬǶħһ㣬ȻٵĴ֮չ
һצʮֵļ򵥣ʵȴ·޾ҽǰһצȫκεһ
죡
ľˣ
ڳ˵У˼λϵǿ֮⣬ûκεһܹԷٶȺ
ۡ
һƵʹһλ̫žһǿߣص˵ϣü֮У׵˺ѣ޾Ԫ޾Ҳ漴ʧ

ˤڵص˲䣬徹÷·Ǹһ㣬һ⣬׵䡣
Ѫһδ䣬ǷɽѪҲһɹȥ
ʲô
еˣдĽе
£
̫Ŀˣ
˿ȥᣬȴѾ뵽˴̫žһΪˣԺĳ̶Ȳ
ɾһλǿߣȻڰצǰû˿ĵֿ
̡
·Ѫζһ㣬ǺӰȻ֣ٴεʩչһצ
á
ľݵĺȵ
գ
һ½ɫ󻺻ش౦
ڼˡ
һλаѧ޴ĺ
ȻԶԵУǶа֮ˣȴҲĪӰ졣
͡
ԴһᣬԷ徹ȻҲķǿе˺һľ׵ʧ

оԼıһϹֵŭһȣȻգ۵ʱУǿеʩչټǵӡ
ϵķ˸Ĵ֮Ļ
͡
ݻΪУѸٵסһֻɫצ
ݡ
צɢһȴٴεĳ֮⣬ұղֻɫ΢һЩѡ

ҶüͷҲʼ
һ֡
֪˭һ
λǿ໥Ķһۣ漴û˵ȴѡĳѹ
䡭
˵ʩչǿĹȻ£ȴҲǿеΪޡ
ֻǾʱһЦȴ˳
ʱˣ


1443 ı
ĳ֣ʱ˵̲סһ㵡
ۡ
һѪɣ
ѪȻ˿˿ճɢǿҵȴ̲˲
ѪҺγһ·Ƕһ㣬ѸٵߣɢصĲƣһ׳ն֪Ѫ򵥡
ǡˮ֮ľѪҪȥ
౦ɫ䣬Ҷ춼ûмһﾹȻ˵ı飬һֱ౦ʵҶ쿴һţڿ˶Էɫ֮Ҷ֪Ҫ㣡
ʱȴܹ֡
һֵĻƱػᱩ¶ݡ
΢΢Ĵսħҹʮ죬뿪׼
ЩǿߵѹҶţǻлӳȥġ

ڵĵӹȻǼʶȴˡ
һݳ
Ӱس֡
ӰÿһλͷųڰаⲻΪĺڰֻ֮ȴƷǷԵĲǼ򵥵ÿһλͷųĲȻڴ̫žΪϡ
ߡ
Ȼ౦ˬȴ֪౦˵ľԲ
ʱĳ֡
ɡ
ľݵĺȵ
ϵγһɫʥۣƮޱߵľһĿʼһֻɫľֿٵĳһѪȥ
ˮ֮飬ôܣɱģεܹõ
ϹҲʩչͨѹһ
͡

ǺɫצȻٴεĳ֣ɱ¾
Ѫϵĺɣ漴ٴαȥ

пЦĴ
֮УŵĲƺǶΪĵ⡣
ˡ
ռ΢Ӱ
Ϊ׵һˣϲ˺ۣһѪɫ۾Եø
ѪħͫȻѪħͫѵ˵
౦΢΢һ
ڵĵӰĳ֮еĵλͣȻԿѪħͫԭǹȴΪħ֮֮ԱӣҲΪҵʩչľѧ㾳صģǰΪ˻ǵڣֻҪھˣǵ£
ӵ¶˷ɫȻϿı飬ֻһѪħͫȴ·Թħһ㣬˲
롭
֮һƵĴȥʩչһĽ
⽣֮У޾˺֮ѹƣ䣬Ҫһг׵˺ѵĵز
֮㻹ʡʡԼɡ
ŶԷĽӾȻ˿Ĳ£·һλϵǿһ㣬ֻѪħͫȻһŤѸٵת
ʱ䡪𣡣
ȣ鷢ˣ޴ĽԭŴݿƣԽĿߵٶϾȻ仯ΪڹһĻ
ҸӿµǣһǳֳǧٱļС
ʱѵ˵ѪħͫѾˣ
ľݵϴ̰֮ɫĿŶԷƺǶѪħͫޱȵĴѡ
飡
һλһȭһѪħͫЦһ𣬵ңңһҶȴаԵľ
ʱϵĲһθоʱĲ
ʱ䲻ռΪ
ռ֮Ȼ֮еߣǴʱĶԷʱ֮ȴƺҲǿ󣬲֪֮ĶԿ˭ӵǿһЩ
ȵĸѾΪ˶֣ЩϣȻҲʱ򷴿
ӵѪħͫ˸˫߳񷣬·һµĵһ㣬ڸǵ֮дɵ·Įκһˡ

ľݵĺȵ
൹Ҫ㣬жٵĽ
һֻץȥȫߡ
ʵ͵λһףʱȴһСط˵裬ľΪ˼թȴҲ޷ܡ
һֻڸס˲񷣬ת˲УһռѾεƿء
·ɣ·Ӱ
ľӡ
ϵĳۣʱѾ죬䣬ѾΧںһ
Ѫħͫɫ΢䡣
Ѿʼͷų
ߡ
΢΢˺һѪħͫһ˫Ŀͷųһӣ·Ѫħһ㣬йȻҪľ໥ĶԿӲӲĶԿ
䡭
ʱ𣡡
¡¡
޴ʼγɣǾ޴ӡʼɱ
ľ֮ؼ֮ʼ
ľ޷ز໥ĶԿȴҲһزݻľѧȻǿȡе
ŭ𣬻߾Ϊϵ޻
ŭ֮µľʩչ֮УѾﵽһ۷ĵز
ۡ
һѪǾ޴ѪħӾȻֿס˶Էľӡ

ľݵŭٴεĺ
ǻʲôٻˮ֮ľѪ
Ѫħͫĺȵ
ߣǼˣݲٻ
ϹЦ˵
ʩչͨλǿߣѸٵѹסˮ֮ľѪʩչ
Ѫħͫȴ¶һĨЦ
ѵˮ֮ص𣿡
ǹЦ౦ʷʵѾ֮ɫ
ã
䡭
ˮ֮龹ȻһɻȪ֮ˮ
Ȫ֮ˮ˵ƽʱκβǣȴڹؼʱ̣ǿʩչһֶΣȴҲ൱ɵġ
͡
һĨɫѸٵı
ԷȻǿƿ֮Уһѵĺۼ
ݡ
ζһ㣬ȻѸٵǺڰӰڲڰצѸٵץס
ˡ
濪ʼγ·ÿһ·ڷı
󣡣
ҶĽе
ʱţħѾ˺˼¡
ֻҪٲһ˿Գ˳ȥ
⣡
˫ֺʮ౦ϣͬһ𱦲һ㣬͵ıرЩرϵ⡢µʯصħ֮֡ħָǡ
ԴԴϵ㹻ڳ˶̲סвһ˿µͷ뵽ʱ򣬻Ϊ΢ʱ̣˶ȥ⡣
ɡ
ĴǿǣҲ׷׵ĳ֡
Ѫħͫ겻Ǿ͵

ѪħͫĳЦ
һ˫Ŀ˸˾Ĺ⻪ȻͷųһƬѪ
ʱ
еǿ߱ȫĸס
ʱЩѪֵǿߣ׷׵ķҽе
ʱ̫ǿˣǵʵǿ󣬵ȴҲ޷ʱѹơ
á
Ҷɫ΢䡣
һŽţħ߿漴Ӱ˸߲̤㡣
ռ򡭡
䡭
ʱ䣡
ռ䣡
ײһ
սħҹʮߵ屻Ҷεػ
飡
Ѫħͫ弱ٵĵˣ˫ĿѪ
ϴžɫ
˻ھ㵵ʱ̣һȴر˳
ʱ䣬ˣ
ЦѪħͫ﷢˳


1444 ħ
ħ˫
·ʮµĺһ㣬˵С
ʱˣǸоԼѾʼһı䲨
µ·ʼѸٵ죬ȻȥԷľͷֻܹһĹ⻪˸
ʲô
ɫʱѾɫ
ȻѾڲϵĲ
ǿҲˡ
㾹Ȼƿһ˿ռ֮
Ѫħͫ꣬ؿ˵
Ҷ֮жʼһĨ֮⣬ȻǶռΪ⡣
Ҷû˵ֻǽĿռٴεѹ
мƺǿҶĿռ֮ǿ󣬶Ҫ뵽֮Уȴû뵽ȻҶջء
ЩˣԼÿģı뵽ҶεܹԸ
Сӣ
һλ첻۷ǿĺ
ߡ
Ҷһ
ָᵯһ֡
һָᣬȴ⻪񽣴գ
ҶڵõԴľѧÿһÿһ붼ڳɳȻֿģʵȴ̲ϵİ
͡
顭
⻪Ӵ˺֮˵˲ըѳΪ⡣
ʱˣ̲סĵһ
ֻһָϵһλ첻𾳵۷ǿߣѾһˣֶΣ㹻ĿԺЩ̫žĵͼǿˡ
һʱ䣬ʱ֪ǰҶ쵱֮ԱŽ뵽ҪԭڼɵЩϵǿ߶ѣǵʵĲвҶġ
ǿµĳ̶ȣǿռ֮ԵĿԺΪһǿƿأȴħ֮֮еκεһ˶Ϊڵºˡ
䡭
Ѫħͫ˵䣬ǺڰӰѾһֻɫƣĽߵ¸ľߣʯһ࣬׵ĺ໥ĸˡ
͡
һâȻĴӰ֮г֣ʱŷǺӰʱѾ仯Ŀʼ˵ղŵĺӰֻ̬Ѿ仯Ϊ˹̬
ȫһ̶ȵģȻ޷Ӱӣϡɱһˣ
â˸Ȼٵĳһλǿɱȥ
͡
ƿ֮ڶŷĹâͲ
Բ׵Ŀռ䶼׵Ĵ·һһ㣬Լ޴β͡
á
λϵǿߣʱëʼ
Ƕ౦ҲֵĽԼûͷųӡǣٵΧγ򱦻̬

һλ̫žǿ߾ȻһӶüġ
նü֮У޾ı˸ɾ·ǱһֻȻûһ㡣
ˡ
â˶Էһֻ֮һƤңƤҴʱѾɿ쳣ȴֱֵޱ·Ǿǧһ㣬˿һ۶ظоԼĺһļ٣ľ
âٶһξȻ׼һλϵǿߡ
һλǿߺ˵һ԰ü·쵽׵ĳ̶ȣϵƮɷǵ̬ǴʱڸоԼâ֮ɫҲһѿ
ǰüӣһµǿߣŴ˵õǿߵĴУû뵽֣
̲סĽе
Σķǰ֮ȴҲڡ
ǵȴҲһڴڴüܹâշ

üӵɫ΢漴۾ͬɫħһ㣬ɢȫŶԷ
һдصİ˶оԼ궼Ҫһ㣬Ȼⲻһؼ
͡
âķ˼綾ħڷ˺֮
һ̾Ȼ˿ûԥֱӵƿճŶԷȥ
͡
һ˺֮еˣ̲סڴʱɴԼ˫Ŀ
Ѫɽǳ۾Ȼ˺ѳΪĩ
ۡ
һƺߣüӵü֮УһѪ

üӵʵﵽ˴̫ž۷徳磬ܴУȻǿ˼£ʱŭһΧĴʼһĲһЩʵԵ΢ǿߣǱ⡣
䡭
һ⻪Ѫ֮ͷų
һ񽣣񽣳ʣһƬĿռ䡣
͡
âٴεζȻ纣һ㣬񽣵棬ϵĴ̡
ۡ
ڵüӵһУ׵˺ѣ֮ˣ
͡
֮಻ٴε䡣
ǡ
âٴε֮ͣϵĹ⻪Ѿĵ˼¡
һħ
ľƳ޴ľۣػԼˣ֮ϵâĿ̲֮סĽ
ħһĳȣȥСȴû˵СԷܹôǿնɱݽ̬Ѿеľ˶塣
صƣƣһɱ֮ŶԷϵɺӿʼ˸
ħ
֮ǶŽе
֮еˣٴεĵһЩϵǿǣڿǺӰ֮ж̲סĳһĨӡ
Ǹ̬ıУ
ľݵŽе
͡
һΣԷٴεĶ
ȻҶȥ
ܳ
Ҷ̲ס
ռ֮ѹƣ
͡
Ŀռ֮Ѹٵչֳ
һ
ܰ
Եˡ
˲ϵĽе
ΧƺǱΧһһ㣬˾Ȼ޷ȥ
Ҷ˫Ŀ𣬻ʵʡ
ϣ
ˣħȻڴҶĿռ֮˲䣬Ȼ·Ƿʲôһ㣬Ȼת˲ʧ֮⡣
Ҷ΢
֮Ч֮Ч
֣
ˡ
ӵַ·ǸоħϢһ㣬Ȼʩչ޾֮ٵİΧסҶռ֮໥ںϡ
ľҪ
սħһѽԴϵĽͷժ¶͹Դ
ҹʮҲˣ¶һĨӡ
ߡ
Ϲֵһԭ£ȴ֣Ȼ˵ˣ֮£Ȼŭȼա
ﰲȫǽ뵽
˺޳ܵĽе
˵ĵطȻҶڵλá
ǵİȫܵвʱѡҶҲ뵱ȻĸоӦõģȴ׵ȴˣǿǿЦĿҶġ
ߡ
ҶĿռ֮΢΢һʱʩչͨĽǿ߸˳ȥ
ˣѾ൱ѵˣټȥ˵ãԼҲ˵ġ
Сֶ̫˽˰ɣ
ƺǿȥˣŭ


1445 
Ҷ˫Ŀ΢΢һˡ
ʱǿһĲǿ֮⣬֮˶ȵҶ쿴˹ȥ
СԼһ˻ǻǹؼʱڣ˵ܹǴһµĻ˵Ī棬ǿǿ֣Գȥ෴һеĻһ˸ɲ򡭡
˿ʼѵ
˵֮˵ϴһֳ̬·ѵԼҵĺһ㣬ϵੲݵĽš
Ҷüͷ΢΢û˵ϵЦȴʼø
ߡСǽУûԼ
ٴε˽
ԣǽ롭ƾʲôһ˿
͡
ٴεħʼ֣з·ǹᴩĺۼɱ⣬ĳŶԷֹȥֻǿһ⣬漴ֻʣһƬƤңԭĸǿߣʱȴѾһ⡣
ÿ
һλǿ̲סĳˡ
һָעʱ𵴡
һָϵѧͷųϵϡ
ķƣչֵƺǴһ㡣
ƺƵ֮УѾҶԴ档
ߡ
Ҷһ
漴ȻԼϵ֮
͡
ħȻĸоҶϵ֮Ѿʧˡ
ʱһĻһ̣ɿĳҶ߳
ҶһĨ⡣
顭
߲̤㣬ʱλǿߵǰ
ʲô
Էɫ䣬Ҷ¶ɭЦݣ
ɣ
˲䣬ϾȻٴεɢһŨ֮
ħаУţһλħǿߣΪҪƳģ˴ĿԹ
Ѫ˫ȴ֮ޱȵĵӡ
ʱҶֳһ֮Էʱͬèһ㣬һĲѸٵһţȴһλֵǿ˲һû

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Щħƣɫһڵ£ȴԵ൱ԡ
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ĳҲӦ֪ǸԤԣħ֮Ǳһλµħǿ߸۵ģ֮ħǿߵΪվһλبǿߵĲ漴չ˴ս໥䣬һ㣬ǶӦ֪ɣ
Ҷ໥ĵͷ
ڵļأħǿԤԣԼٴεĸ
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ҶıΪĳԾʯڻĵۼӣ̲סʵ
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·һɫħȻ͸˴ܷı
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ֻ֮ϣһ޴Ķ棬ħ·ǷԼһ㣬ĳŶԷ濪ʼۼȥ
һǱѰŨ˼£ۼУǴһǿҵĸ֮

һٴεĳ֡
·ħһ㣬аĹâĳķȥ䣬ħ֮ʼ

Цͬħһ㣬쳣Ĵ֮Уа쳣Ĳȴڳ˸оһɴδйĺ⡭


1446 ɱ¾
Ϣأ
֮Уӿӿɫע˼ޣΧĴʼ˺ѵ
ںգ
౦Ľе
ֻ֮ϣǾ޴ѷ֮Уһ޴ĺâħһγһֲĹһ
ǿƴһʷǰǿ
ںգһֺΣֻеγɵĳ̶ֳ֮Ż֡
Ϊĸ߶Ⱦۼ֮󣬲ǿ󸲸ɵġ
֮ˣҶȻ
ֲЦδϣһеĲܷɢ
оΧϢϵķı䣬ԼǿֲЦ⺱ĺںյ̬Ҷ˵濪ʼԽ
һΣòƻǺ鷳
Ҷ΢΢ԼԴؿ˵
ʵһĴڣޣȴҲ޷Խô࣬ͶԷսġ

Ц𽥵ĿʼС
â΢ʱ˵ǰѾһλߴﵽ׵ĸߴӡ
˵Ӻ˸ղλģʯȫһֻü֮䣬ĺâ˸ϣʯӶһаѪϢ
ϲڵٴεĽ䡭
ѪħͫϴżɫĽе
˫Ŀ΢΢ıպϣӵĲһɫγһħۣħһĺۼÿһƺԩŭ𣬷һ㡣
Ҷɫһѿ
ǿߣ
ǿߣ
ǿ֮УǰһȴҲǵһ˵ġ
˵ǿȻս⣬ȴҲ֪Լ޷սʤԷֿûС
һΣƴҲʩչŰ˲ͼˣֻǲ֪᲻鷳
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Ű˲ͼ̣˵Ȳѵʱ̣ǾԲʩչġ
ǡǾȻħͷ˳
ľݵĺ
ϼڳ鴤ϴɫ
λϵǿҲ飬ǵڵӣǰһǴ˵֮еĴħһһ֮ĽĹ仯Ϊڵħ֮ǱɱһԪҪֲ
ѹ쵰
صħǿ߻ûȫѵӣľȵĳˣ
౦ͫ΢΢ϵʼۼκεһ˶ǿߵǰ˿Ĵ¡
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һֻ޴ӡ趯ŵԦаĻɬ·л·Ҫضѹһ㡣
ľ֣
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ɱ
ٴεһλǿ߳ˣ
ʢŭ֮µĹǿ֣߳Ѫħͫɫ΢䣬ǸоһɱϢӭ·ҪĽǶһ㣬徹Ȼȫû˿Զģ
ʱĸоˣԼЩϵǿ֮仹ĪĲġ
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ʱһֱ΢˫ĿͻȻԼ˫Ŀ
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µâй·Ǵ̵񽣣ͬƽ֮УĹʹ˵ɫʼ
á
ľȫû뵽ԼʩչȻħǿߵע⣬ŭһӰҪת
Ҫ뿪𣿡
һ˫ĿٴεľݺǳֵĹǿߡ
͡
â衣
ħǿߵ˫ĿȻĲ˵⡣
һ˺֮ݳʱľߵȻ˲䱻˺ѵˡ

һֱľߵλ꣬ʱҽ
Ҳһɡ
ħǿָ΢
¡¡
һɫħȻγգһָϿ֮أ·ǰħһ㣬ָ·Եø
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һָĽԷѹΪ⡣
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Ƶ̬˵ĳ̶ȣͷ·ǲѴ֮
ɱûдﵽ
лڵĳ֣
ѪħͫмޱȵĹڵϣΪħǿߵĳ֣Լһˡ
ħǿߵ˫Ŀ΢΢ĿȫûѪħֻͫ꣬ǽԼ˫ĿŶһ˿ȥ
Ҷо˼£ͷ·Ƕͫһ㣬Լ嶼ڷĲ·ǱԷ׵Ŀһ㣬ĶûҶ˵顣
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ţħ̲סĽе
ȴСʱѾԷס˿Ķ
¶֮·ʲ񷣬νǿ
գһ֮س֡
֮дһ˿㯣ǸȴǴһĪİɱ¾
ƣʲôǿߣ֮بţǿ𣿡
ٴε
Ҷһ𶯡
вϵļ
֮
ѵ˵֮治ǿ
ڽ뵽˾֮İƺڲϵչֳ
ڵĵӣ͹ϻĵķеϵǷڵĴڹϵĻĴ˵ȴֻǶݵʷѣϵΪʲôϣ̫ʮѪèԭȵȣǶʲôһδεԼͻƣۿžҪԼˣǵȴٴεѡ˳Ĭ
⵽Ϊʲô
Ҷ˽⵽ķɵǺεȵƣеʲôϵ
ԼľתֻǹϻĵһִؼΪʲôȴ֮дﵽһ췭ظĳ̶ȣ޾Ĳˣ
ʦӣڻûѹΪʲôֻ˵ĵز
½һССĴԪҲʥСǱʥҪСΪʲôȴ˹Ϊʲôῴ׼ط
񵽵ʲôĴڣ
˵ݵʲô
Ϲε굽ʲôݣʵȻûнӴԷһ˿һѶϢ⵽Ϊʲô
ħǿߵһϯҶԺʼը˹̲ס˼ǧ
ǡһǴţ
һɰԵϢȻй·ѵĶʼϵħƵǧչֳΪǿƣٴε
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ôȥˣ㵱Ƿ뵽˽յ֡
һĨɱŷħǿ߿һʯ񻺻Ц
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͡
һĨɺ챬ħǿ߾Ȼһٻħһϵĵıŷ
ݡ
ɱ¾˸˼¡
䡭
һȻնһʱգ¶еĺڶķ϶


1447 Թ
ۡ

ħ·ͷųԼȫĽһռ䳹׵նϣ漴˺У
죡
׷£ֻǸоԼǰһһ̣һʬѾǵǰ
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еˣһĸо˾ζ
һֽ첻飬еصزӦĸо
ÿһ˶һǿߣҪ˵ЩžͿֵĹǿߣЩһǿߣҲ޲һ֮е洫ӣһ
ǿļһ
ô죿
սħ˵
ŵϵʬ壬ϹٲȻС
һսħҹʮҲǰԵǱڶԷߣʱĶܶѣǴʱڿԷǿʵȴǰħǿǰ·ֽһ㣬û˿ĵֿõ̲סһ𺳡
޽⡭
ҶЦһ漴ķ
ˡ
ħϵ쳹
ʱħǿ΢΢ĸеħ¶˿ĵɫ
ڳ˸뱥𣿡
ţħ̲סһǰ۶ȥ
ⶼɱôˣȻֻǰ뱥Ҫһ٣Ҫе˶ɱõģүѪɲóԡ
ʱħǿߵͻȻ¶һĨŹֵɫ
΢΢ĳ鴤ڻĲ
Ȼ˵ϸ΢ȴǿ߿ˡ
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ʱҲѾû˶ٵļ϶ìܣҲõȵǰ˵
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ħǿڵʵ˵Ǽֱ޵еǿˣεĻӣѵ˵
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ħǿߵĽеȴҲǴ޷ŵɫ
ڣĸҲǧʱ䣬߷ʮԪǽ֮ебͲƸУŽƳҲҪµļأûҼݣεŬվҲ޷ȥоġ
ѪħͫɫԽĵȻԼֶΣԼǧļƻܹʵʩ⵽˼¡
ĹֻͣҪҸˣȫĿԵõҪһУҲ㣬Ϊʲô㻹Ҫô
ħǿߵĺ
Ҷ˶Ǻ棬Ȼ֪ħǿߵϵǷʲôȴ֪һﱻˣһһСˡ
õΣҵֻǼһСһֱϵӣ裬ȴ㣬Ϊ޴־ҲԼܹȥԼõıӻǽأҵĸĸףΪһС£ȴڼҵնɱˣΪҵʵ΢Ҳᱻնݳġ

˵֮ѪħͫϿʼ¶Թɫ
Ⱑ⣬컯Ūˣ˭Ҳû뵽ҾȻԼѪѪħͫݻ˳ƾѪħͫܵ㹻ӣȴ֪ȫĲҪڼΪҵĸĸķʽֻ
ϵ£ڽԼʵ˼£ƾѪħͫΪ˼ƿصĺѡˣڼҵһλӣҲɱˣָ֪оһˬ˼޵ĸо·˵궼ʼˣһδεѪħͫʱûȻ󣬽ˣȫɱ
˵ʱѪħͫѾʼ׵
Щұˣ֮ڵıˣҵȴ޷õ㣬ڵ֪ˣ׷ĲֻǱ𣬻Ȩƣеλҵޣ޷ҵԸɣҷļأǧʱ䣬һжƻãĸҪıˮ֮ѪںϣҴ
ħǿߵЦ
ˮ֮֮УȻšˮ
оħǿߵ¶˷ɫѪħ̲ͫסһ
ƺ뵽ʲôһ㣬ϵĵȴѸٵʧ
ˮϹŵ󶼻Ŀ´ڣƻҵʵʩнгֻҪһˮ֮еͻ᳹׵ıȻƳΪҵĵڶ
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ļƻϾԵķǰһλħǿһλµ۷ֶϻ϶Ѱ֮˿ȥ󵽵ģΪһ㣬ѪħͫļƻŻĿ¡
ⲻһֻ˯ȥ̽Էۣ
ԵĳһĴ󣬶ƻ׵Ĵơ

Цٴεĳ֡
ħǿߵ徹Ȼվ
Ǿ޴·һɽһ㣬Ȼ
ȻֻվȻûг֣ȴ˸оһѹѹƶ
ܺáܺð
ħǿߵ˵
㡭Ҫʲô㣬õĲҪûʹཫᱬǧ򱶵ĳ̶ȣǸʱӵĺڡ
ħǿЦ̬Ѫħ̲ͫסĽ
ߺߺߡˮоģȻеĹЧ
ħǿߵ˵
ҶȴоƺЩԾ൱ĲԾ
ǡҵıˣѵ˵ǵڣϵѪ˵Ϊϵģ
һ˫Ŀ˸
̲ϵɬ·һ䣬İ
ѵ˵
ѪħͫȻĵʮĽ
Ѫħͫ
ħǿߵ˫ĿȻŤȻ
ҵ۾ҲѪħͫبŵ֮УҴûŹκεһˣֽҽ⿪˷ӡɲ㣡
ħǿߵǵȻȴһϢ
ֽҽ⿪һϵĶ͡ںһɣ
͡
һֻȻʩչҶȴĿһڲ
顭
Ѫħͫ꣬߶ûһֱӵıһѪħǿץס漴뵽Լڲ
ѪѪˣΪҵĲƷ
񱩵͵й
ħƵеˣǸоǰһѾڳ׵ķŭ
ˡ
ʱ򡭡
һֱûзӦһʯȴز


1448 
žžž
΢ڵĴ֮ϣȥıĴڣǾ΢ȴħǿߵɫ˲ı仯
תȥϴ޷ŵɫⱳı仯·޷ŰıԵø
Ҷ˵Ҳ¶˾ȵɫ⾪֮Уȴĳַļ
֮ķԴأȻһԭƽޱȵʯ档
žžž
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ħǿߵ¶һĨɵ֮ɫ
΢΢һ
һ޴ĵѸٵγɡ
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ݡ
ʵʣһ㣬û˫һǿĺۼȻⷽԲǧ׵ķΧ׵
ֲĵ⣬Ҷ춼̲סĸоľ
ɣֹΨһϣ
֮ĺȵ
˫Ŀɢ˽ĹâȻָһʮλսʿΪǿĽͷų
ЩսʿǣÿһλǺĲƶɣЩϺķʱ;Ҳ޷󵽵ģĵһ޷صĵز֮ǾԵĲѡͷǵġ
䡭
ֲ̫·һʵ֮һ⣬ȻĳħǿߵϿʼȥ
ɱ
ٴεмλϵǿ߿ʼˡ
ǲ²⵽ʯ񵽵Ǵʲô

ָצ̬Ӳ˺һǿա

λǿߵʱоһŤ;ʹ޷ǵ彩Ӳ˼¡
ʱ䣬ʱ
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ħǿ߱ǿˣٴεʩչʱ֮ѾԵĿЧˡ
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ۡ
Ҷһľʹʱĵ˳ȥ
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ӿµķЩϵǿߣǱǳǰȻ˼£׵ıħǿϲ
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ϡҲҷ
ħǿߵŭһƷ·ƿһ㣬
䡭
һɺڰħڰ֣֮סҡʥ

оԼ˷·Ǳһ׵һ㣬Ϣĸо˿ʼ
ռ֮
ħǿߵһ˿⡣


Ѫɽ
׹գ
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ٸǧʱ䣬ҲͿԺһ̸ˡڵ㣬ûʵ
Ҷ죬ħǿߵԽĵ
𣿡
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ħǿߵʵȻǿᣬȴҲǿеĴɵ֮⣬Ż棬ݺݵһܵĽӴ
ʱһʯѾʧһӰĳ֮С
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ҶӵĿѾһۣôѾĺţħ֮ĳѪϵϵ
ҿΪǿߣĲţħˣԵĳͽ֮󣬱㽫Ŀ⿴ħǿ
þδˡ
ħǿߵﻺؿ˵
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Ϊǿ΢΢˫Ŀؿħǿ߻ؿ˵
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˵䣬˫ĿٴγҶ쿴ȥ
ħţΪҶԵʣǲָܻô죬ָ֮ǰᱻԼնɱġ
ħԼɢԹ֮ɫҶ˿ûеӣӭ泯ŶԷȥ
ǿǿҶҪȥ⣬Ѿע⣬˵ĶŰ˲ͼ֮УƾԷʵͨ죬ȴҲ޷뵽Ű˲ͼ֮С
ҼǽȥˣҲɲöԷ
ħ𣬵û뵽ҵһ֮ʾȻٴε˸յĻᡭ
ϳ˿ϧɫ
ͱˣթεҵĶ֡ڵ㣬ӲҵĶ֣ȥɣ
䡭
޵ϢȻıŷ
·ɽ飬ɽ緢ƣܹͷų
֮޲ǿĽ
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˭Ҳ뵽һεѰһκˣȻʵ΢֮
Ҷ˫Ŀ΢΢һ
ҡʥ˵䣬һĻᣬϢĳŻңȻĽɫʬ뵽ԼŰ˲ͼ֮С
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ۡ
Ҷ˵屻Ѹٵ˳ȥɢâı׷׵ĴӴڲ˳ȥ
Щ
౦˫ĿùԶ
Ǵ䱦䱦

ţħĽеһ첻µز£ʱҲᡭ


1449 緢
һɫǺӷ·صһ㣬ѸٵĴӴâͨһķȥ
ϻɰϵ䱦νǺɳҪٱǧ
౦¶˼ɫ
ôһһҲ֪죬̲ϵˣôĹǿ߶׵ˣѾľȻš
ҶҲˡ
ϻɰΪ˻ûеȵȫķӦϻɰ㱻Ѹٵ뵽ԼŰ˲ͼ֮С
ǸӰ
౦̲סݺݵؽе
ǿҶ˿ûбʾֻ̬ܹϵùԼ̫ˡ
һʵ·Զŵıر׵һ㣬ܷӴܡ
ҶЩôں˲ͷųԼİתħݻ˼¡
޴Եİ·ǳ׵һ
ʱչֳ޴ޱȵ壬ȻûΪ̰ޱȵĽϵʼ
ҿ
Ľ
ǿҲһ̰֮ɫ
ȥֻۣϵĳռˣڱֳ̬ȴһµ
ٺٺ٣ӣˡ
ҶЦ
ռ֮ˮһ㡣
ڱ׵ˣ׵ĸ߿֮ϣӰڷ˺գԼΧıȻǲҪˣĿռ֮νˮһ㣬ϵļȡԼҪı

ҶǽԼ߱໥ںϣĵҩ·ǲҪһıȡ˹ȥ
ˡ
ţħݺݵسҶԼţӣκΣ壬޷ʩչָģ
ֻܹſͣڵҧΧҩɲݡ
ᰡ
ǿҲ󣬷׷׵ʩչԼͨ
ˮ֮ľѪȻѾȡ˳һͳ׵ˣˣֻҪᵽԼҪ䱦ʱĿ뿪ĵط
Щ֮УܶĶѾȫͨ飬ħޱߵ֮Уӵûа취ȥ̫ʱ䣬Щıֻڶʮ֮󣬱ᱻħͬΪ֮
ˡ
һɺȻϢ͵
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ΰǿϢ˲ͷţΧһϢʼ仯ĸӾ
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Ҷ̲סĽе
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𡭡
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Եıﰡ
౦һС۾ƺâðⲻϡ
ѾûƷ̬Ҷ춼֪εı
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ڵģһߴɽӰ֮γ˳
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ɫĴӡ
ֳӵ̬ȥû̫ĳ֮ӡ֮ϣһ̻״ӡǣ·Ҫ¶һ㡣
⻪С

Եı
һϢѾ㹻˸оеĿֲˡ
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Ҷһľȡ
ϵĶȴûͣЪ
ٵĳŶԷȥ

һȭһ֪ļһĴɡ
ᵽһرõĻ֪ûȡٵĻ֣
ţħʮ죬ӣҡ
Ҷĺ
ΧһرˣǲԼҶԵûаܹ㶨Էġ
ߣ롭
һʮλ첻۷ǿһλ̫žĳǿߴ£Ҷɱ˹
ţүү
һţβݺݵ˦
ţħһһ˫ţۣȻʩչԼĻ
һ޴ħţ
衭
ħţŭ
һֻţӺݺݵسǴ̫žǿ̤ȥ
ʲô
˭Ҳû뵽⿴ȥ۵ļһȻ˵ǿ󣬲˵ţħʵҶ쿴ȥӵĿ¡
ţħħ̥ȡ޾ħġ
ȻֻǶݵʱ䣬⼸յʱ֮УĳɳԵ޷
ౡ
СҲ漴ĳ֡
СһĶǲ
̲ضٵһһ޴ķзһλǿޡ
ӹ
սħ𱳺ԦħԳ󣬶սħ趯Ļ磬Բ֮ڣεƿ
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һɱһ㣬ޱߵѹй
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ԣһƬ
̫ʮѪͻȻȵ
Ҷ˫Ŀ֮ʩչ
͡
ӡ˾޴ٵӡѸٵĻ˳գ˷ʼߡ
ѷ
֮˺գһ۱㿴һöڼٲƴͷܵĴӡƬ
ۡ
˺գҶʩչԼĿռٵ˲ư˶Էǰ
ž
жһ֮Ҷжʱһϲ
Ͻװá
̫ʮѪĺȵ
֮УƺԵļɵʲô
ѵõĿһﾹȻֳ˵ӣҶǾȡ
Ϻõ䱦Ƭ
౦¶ɫЦ˵
ʱıѾȫɢˡ
ܹõˣȻĲıȴҶǶ౦һȫİԲˡ
౦Ҫȥ˵ʵԺЩϵǿ߶Կ֮ıȥᣬЩȻţȴҲȥǶԷ
Ҷȴһ
أǾ϶΢ĺܡ
ȻżǿĻ飬̰뷨֮£ȴ׷׵ĿʼԼĿ⳯Ҷ쿴˹ȥ
ʯʼĴ֮ͷų
ɿµϣϵĴ˺ѵϢ
ȻħѾս˰Ȼ״̬
ﲻ˾ǸϽ뿪
Ҷ쿪˵
ٺٺ١Сӣˡ
ضĶ౦Ц˵
ָȴźۼĳҶ̽Ѱ
Ѿһֻ֣ʱҶһĺߡ

ĺһȥ漴ţħٻŶսħҹʮٵ뿪
ҲҶ˸ոյ뿪ãһɹɵѾָԵĳҶ׷˹ȥ


1450 ǿȡ
ӷˣô䱦
ţħڵĳŵҩ
ϼⲻϡ
ûγһӰΧţħߡ
Щӯĺܣﵽ˼£ѸٵĻʥһ㣬ǿеĻһ
һͷ޴ħţӰȻվ֮ϣŭ
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ķһƬ񳱡
Ҷ˫Ŀ΢΢ţħû˵
սħҹʮҲˡ
˿˿Ц
𣿡
ţħţһɣʱĳܿȥ
ֻʱΧѾ֪վˡ
ܵĽҶ켸˰ΧȻʮ˵ӡ
Щˣϵɽ纣಻ķ׵磬쳹ȻѾ۵˼¡
𣿡
Ҷ˫Ŀ⻺Ŀ˵
ЩΪ죬мйӴЩ˲Ǳˣԭǹϴ֮мһЩǿߡ
Сӣڴ֮Уõĺôٰɡ
һ̰֮ɫ˵
ʲô𣿡
ҶûֱӵĻش𣬶Ƿ
ߡھǴѾа֮࣬ȻҲ赣ˣСӣõıѾﵽܵļޣ佻ɣûһ˵õĶ»Ὣġ
һα緢ǿ߶й˽⣬Ҳеõ˲ٵĺôĺôȴǱҶǶ౦ߵõġ
౦ʲôˣ
ǿԺλǿ߶ԿĿ֮ˣʵͨ죬ֶξˣȱȻЩ˲ҺԿӵĲҪ˵ȥӶ౦ϼȡԼҪıˡ
ҶȴһҶȻֵΪʵҲǿ£˵ʵ;ϣȴЩ˵вĳӡ
м
زм
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𣿡
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ҹʮסе֮սħĵزħǷƵ
žžž
ţħϵԼţڵϰ
СӣҪҪΪԼһؼӵµˣʵȻڴ첻𾳵۷壬Ըͷ·һֻһɣˣþյĺãûǾˡ
һٴεߵ
ôϻСӣɡ
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ЩıݻΪ޴Ĳˡ
ߡ
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͡
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𡭡
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
һȭɱǳֵǿ߱Ҷ쳹׵ķˡ
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͡
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ʱ˵ɫʼ仯ѿ
ߣôĵӣôСӣ㵱ΪԼ޵е𣿡
˵֮ˣ״ο˵һλ̫žһǿߣЩ˵ռλϵ裬·ʼУ˸Ϣ·Ҫİ׵ݻ
վͬһƬһ㣬ɬ쳣
˫Ŀ֮У⻪˸·ʥĵâؿʼ仯
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ҶЦһ
һϣҾͲţһܷ˲ɣССĲϣҲ˵ķ
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˶󣬶ǿڱѹȻĴҵҲʼó
ƾǣҲҪɱң
ҶЦ
΢Ѹٵ˺գ̤֮ϣȻ˶Էǰ
һֻţĿռڲ㣬·һıߡ
䡭
˫ɺǿյݻ
һλǿ³һʥķУо°㣬ݻһ޴񶦡
񶦣ҪҶѹȥ
ȴû뵽ҶٶȾȻô죬ôѸ͡
һֱӵ
񶯣ȭ⶯
Ҷ廯һ㣬Ϣ·ĳ
䡭
һλǿ߻ûеȵӦһ޴ȭͷȴѾݺݵسȥ
ҡ

ŭȣʩչͨݻһ޴񶦣ڴѹ

Ҷ˿Ĳ壬һȭ˺Ѱ˷ȻĽһ񶦣׵ĴΪƬ
ôܣ
ӵӶҪɳ
ݣȻĿ֪ǿߣӴţǰҶ죬ȴԵƽһˣǿֲֶΣƥôǿЩûˡ
͡
Ҷˣٴεĳ֡
ȻϥǳȻ֮У̤˫㣬ݻħ߷һǧ֮ʱҶѾˡ⡱Ϣ
Ǳٸӿֲٶȡ

ϥǳǿߵһУű׵ĴС
Ȼǿ߸о˲ԾȵĽԼ˫ڸǰȴǱҶֱӵķϵԼ˫ۣĽ鵽˵ϡ
ۡ
һλǿߵڵѪϴ޷ŵɫ
Ǵ̫žǿߣ֮еţЩϵǿߣҲ˵ܹԿ
ǰҶƾʲôͿԴ첻𾳵Ϊս
ȼϵĲ̫࣬˵㡣
衭
ţħħţӰٴεչ֡
޴βͣ쳣·һһ㣬صĳһ˴˹ȥ
ɡ
·ǿҪվλɱǿߣҶӰٴεĶʱӡǷĦ͵Ĵȥӡǡ
ס֡
ͻأʱ˿ʼֹһǿϢҲ漴ĴԶ


1451 ս
Ҷ˫Ŀ漴ĳտȥ
ɱţүү
ţħ˿ûй˼ɣԭʵڴ̫žĵͼز˴ҩ֮󣬸ӵĽ뵽˴̫ž۷徳磬ҲֻǶҶЩɵˣ˿Ĳ¡
ʱЩޣڼʶҶĿ֮󣬷׷׵ӴܣҹʮͶսħɲ֮
Ƕսħ֮Уõܶ࣬Ҳ˲ٵĵҩڵʵѾ˴̫žıԵȻҲǴ첻𾳵ΪսȴС
زħ赽£ʮĺɱһѪ·
񣡡
ҹʮҲʾ޴֮йȥߣ˰Χ
ס֣
һŭٴεĴ
֮УѾһˡ
˫Ŀɽһ㣬ѹѹ
趯˫ֱһΩһ̬
װBӣȴҶΪ
ʵܲЩеʵ͵λѡȥװʵļһ
һʱ䣬ƺ뵽ĳεľأվ֮ϣҶţħˣȴأ˿ûй˼ɡ
㣬㣬Ȼҧţүү
ţħţӲϵĳһλǿߵȥﻹдʵ
ħ̥ģҶҲѶãţӵһɽĲȥ·Ҫһռ䶼飬ÿһε̧㶼ĿռΪ޴𶯣Ѻơ
ȲȲȣ
ţħϵĽ
һλɱǿߣ䡢̬Ķ֣ʱ˵Ѿȵ䣬Ѫɽ

֮ϵλǿߣ׵ĺˣ
ԭǴǿߣλϱҶӵĿ£ǿ߶ϵǿӵأһ³ͻȻεܹҶûС
ΪҶǸϣ΢̶ȵϡ
ס֣
ٴεŭһըףԲķΧһ𶯣ϸͬըըһ㣬ľˣعѣĺۼγɣ𣬷ΧγһƬֻ
һŭƾըףҶϵĿռȫĿԽԷ赲ס˸û⡣
˫Ŀ΢΢֮ϵӣ¶˵⣺
ôʲô𣿡
ǵȻ̬ʱŭӡ
ĵλǷһֱ˵Ҷ˵ķ
Ҷǰɡ
ӵͻȻĿ˵
ԷȻԽгԼ֣Ҷ΢΢һȻû뵽һﾹȻ֪Լ֡
Ҷϵı鿪ʼ仯ӵ϶ʱĿʼ¶һĨɫ
ߣΪһϣ㾹Ȼ֪֣ѾǺܺõҫˣСӣҺһĵӣǲɵǣҵʵȴԱģ洫ĵӣһλӣҵˣſڵģûȥܵסģ
ӵıޱȵ棬ȴҶüͷȻһﲢ֪Ҷս
ӵĲ֪Ҷ̫¼
Ϊһ㣬Ż˵͵⣬Ҷ˵
ɵš
ţħмЦһ֮Уޱȵıӡ
Ҷֳǿߵס˶ԷĲӣһֻһվ˵̬Ƕ洫ĵӣû˿⣬ӵѡӣ

ӵɫ䣬ޱȷŭ˫Ŀ֮оâ˸ԼĿԿһ㣺
Ҷ죬һᣬ㾹Ȼҽˣ˭Ҳܹ֤ĴڣǲҲң
洫ӵϴŷɫŭ
ϵû˫ȥâӰ滺ص·ҪضҪɵһ㡣
ž
ҶֳֶԷЦĹâ
˵ҷ˾ͷˣʲô
棡
ʮ棬ΧǿϢļλǿ̲ס¶˾ɫ
֣֮У˭˲֪洫ݵĵӣÿһλѰŵ洫Ҫǿ̫ˣҶԵĲ洫ĵӣȻ˵˵·ϰ
ˡ
洫ٴεķ˱·ǱӴ֮ͷųһ㡣
ð
ҶͻȻĽе
仯ʵڳ΢΢һ㶣ԭǵʮҶ죬ʱȻ仯ΪڵӣʵΪ֮ȡ
Ҷ죬ȻǺˡ
ǱҶץǿߣдĿЦ
ܺãҶ죬Ȼеϻ۵ģڽˣڵϣġ
洫ӵôߵĽе
ţħսħԼҹʮߣ׷׵¶ͼЦݡ

ҶֵĽǿߵ˹ȥ
ߡ
û뵽Ҷ쾹Ȼ洫ӵ̲ס¶˲֮ɫ
һ̣Ȼ͵ıһɿµʵ̫Ŀˣһλǿߵ¶˾ɫ鴤ϱ޷š

䡭
Ĳҽ˲䱻Ƶѹסˡ
һµı֮󣬶ʱΧѪ籩
Ȼȫıˣ
洫ӵ棬Ҷ쾹Ȼҽһλӵ׵ʲôΪԵǳԹ裡

ҶﲻмЦ
˵һɵţڿ˵ɵ
ţħٴε˵
Ѿ˵ҪôĶжôĶġ
ÿζԻһ˵ߣöԷ

洫ĵӳ׵ŭˡ
͡
һâ˸
ΧվȻֳŤ̬ݻΪ˺ڶ
ʲô
洫ӵд󺧣ǿҵΣУ̲ס
ϳˣǰ񽣰
ڴϢĵС˵
Щˣڳ׵ıһб̬Ǹˡ
ԵĻǾԵĲѡֵġ
񽣣Ҳ֪ˣһҲǴǿ֮
ĵӣһʵǴ첻𾳶Ϊѣʵô˵ǿ󣿡
֮ϵس֡
ҶӰȴѾڴʱɢԭ
͡
ѷ
Ӱ˸洫ӵɫʱһ䣺
ôᡭô죡
͡
һնɱ
䡭
ʱΧʼŤ
ߣҪٶ𣿡
ϡ
һ񽣳֡
趯Ľ
͡
裬˲䣬ĺۼ
ǰ񽣵ĳ֣ԲʮķΧȻһɿµĽ֡
ݡ
Ҷ˫Ŀ͵ĽȻܵĳŶԷ


1452 زأչأ
ٶȣ
ҶΪ֮԰ĵط
߲һֱԼġת˿ǿѧ
֮ҶĲʱѾﵽһǧĳ̶ȡ
ÿһε߶ħߵʵȻɵģٶȴԵûҶѸ١
͡
Ӱ˸ҶֱӵĳԽ˶Էĳ֣⽣Ӱ缲籩Ϯ֮УҶȴ˿û⣬µ߲·Ѿ˹ҶоԼ˫ȷ·ǻħһ㣬ÿһĶ㣬ÿһεĳ̶ĶԷϮ

һȭ֮ıҶڶԷ㵵֮УȻݺݵشİ񽣡
ͫ׾ҵ˼£޷ŵĿҶ졣
ȫû뵽龹Ȼӡ
ȭȭӡ죡
˫Ŀűâ·˼ޣҪһеɱ׵չֳһ㣬һȭ֮С


һĽ૵쳹ɫѾòҰ쳣ֻǸоԼǰһʷǰǿȻԼ֮б˳
ۡ
һȭ̲֮ǿĸƻǾת֮Чǿ񱩷Ƿǳ֮ϬһＴεǿ󣬵ǴʱصİҶһȭȴ̲סһѪصĴ˵ϡ
쵰
ŭޱȡ
Ǻεȵǿߣʵͨ죬İƣ֮УȴҲĻܹǿѹ
ߡѷ
ռ𵴣һԲ֣漴ݻΪĻߣЩߴźڰĲȻҶ콫ռȫиΪƬ֮ɵġ
ѷǿĹϾѧب֮УѾΪǿ׷ѰĹؼ
Ҷչ֮УڵĽΪǿչֵ쾡¡
ԲʮķΧ֮У׵ĳΪ˷硣
ƿأ
޾У·Ҫضںһһ㣬ܣ·ҪضС
ۡ

ǿεܹڵİȥֿסġ
ʱ֪ʲô¡
ǰҶ죬ȻԽܣҴʱֻǴ첻𾳵Ϊѡ
ôܣ
ʵǲпģεĲţǾʹĳԼǰ̲֮סĿʼ˽εķ
ɡ
Ҷĺȵ
Էһʵ̫ˡ
صĴܣϵǿߣûܹҵǰҲУ
ʱİѾ뵽ĳ֮С
ţħһţβݺݵؽ漴޴ħţѸٵ̧ţӡ
䡭
˾㵵֮УǰȻֹ
үģеţүүˡ
Щô죿
ҹʮЦĿŵŵһˣĿ˵
ɱˡ
Ҷ˿û֮ͬġ
ĹǿʳЩܹĲԼ鷳Ⱥһĵλĺܣ˵ãԺ󻹻ֶٵ鷳顣
ɱ˵ĺá
ҲôΪ
սħ˿ûڵӸеֱֵӵһǵزħӶȥ
ҪҸطһʱ䡭
Ҷ쿴ҹʮͶսħ˵
ǶҪ
ҹʮҲͷͬ⡣
ҶȻǿᣬһӼȡ̫õԴ⣬ǵõ˲ٵıԼľˮҪȥĴһ¡
ڶսħҹʮӵĲɵĵҩÿһֶǿޱȵĴڣȥĻĻܻܿº󻼵ġ
뵽Щ֮ȻĲҴˡ
𣿱үûио˿ĲԾ
ţħԲѵ˵
ѾģҶĺһһȭͷ
ѾʵǷĺܣӵſµռ˱˵ԡ
ħ̥Ŀ£Ҷ춼޷˽⵽ȴǿ϶һ˵ԼۻƽʥķҲѣͷҪĶţǸոյѣеһǿûеõٵĶ
ħ̫֮ˣƺΪħѵԵʣΧԪʼ˾޴ĸı䣬Ҷ֮˵Ҫҵһ֮Ҳ¡
ҷһطﲻ
ҶӰ˸ȴ·˵
һϵĶѨڲһɸζǱѪ͹ľ໥ںһ𣬾¶ѻŻֵζ
Ҷ˵ǲ⣬ֱӵʩչͨһ쭷紵Ѩ֮е೹׵ɨˡ
ѨСʮĳȣңصصĺܣĲҪȥڸ
Ϊ˰ȫҶ컹Ǵ㽫һ¡
Ȼһ㣬ǲɷϵǣһȷʵǿֶΣ٣һ̶ϣⲼֶα൱ľˣһĹҶҲʼԵи˲١
ħ֮Ȼ֪Ѿ˽ӽʱˡ
֮ˣԽĹϣϵ̶ȱ˺ܶġ
Ҷ쵱˵ģصʱص½ھʱҲʣ޼ˡ
ɣүҪȥߣƺܿҪ뿪ˣүҿɲô뿪ˣٵҪ¸õļ䡭
ţħװ˵
ҶӵĿѾһۣΪϵĽӴҶȻ֪һһʮװB
һʵ򵥣һڷĳɳǲȥٶҲ˷ָҶҲֻȥˡ
졭㿴
ҹʮͻȻĴԶ˵
Ҷ΢ȥܿһǰ
һıڻȻȴӡ̡
ݺǹ죬еԨħ͵ħӰӣЩӰȻֻȵļʣȴΪһµ˼Ρ
Щħħм䣬һУ·̨
һı˵̬֮У·ڶȻһĺڰа
ǵزءزأ
սħϴͼɫ˵
Ҷ쿴ĺزصϿգһֻڷĺڰħǶزȴû˿˺ƺǺͶԷʶ

ٴεĿһ˲䣬Ҷ̲סһѡ
뵽˹زصĴ˵Ժ֮Уɵ뵽˹ڹϻĶزصļء
ѵ˵زĴڣϵĵزغԼĹϴ˵һˣ
һ˲ɷĲɷ𣡣
䣬ҶԺ֮гһ
Ҫչأ
սħ˵


1453 
Ѩ̴޾ķ·һٲһ㣬մݳⶴѨݻΪ硣
ɼһ޴ħԳ˫ֺʮϵԣͷ𣬴֮ϵķٹ
սħУ޾ĳÿһļⶼ·֮УɼĿԷֵ⼡棬һƬƬĹ⻪ʥĹ⻪ÿһļ⣬Ͷ֮䣬ԸоսħʱڷĽš
¡¡
ϣݻףγеĸ
֮󣬴޾ƻ
̤ߣԦƿ׻
֮·Ҫȫĸסһ㡣
ҹʮ˫ĿıţϴĺۼЩۼÿһ綼һģݻͬߣɼ÷֮޾ƻ֮
һֳޱȵ̬һֳ׵ƻ֮
һһ·ҪⶴѨ׵Ĳһ㡣
˵ѰĶѨ֮ݻԵĿƿգൽǧߵ֮ϣҿҶ֮ǰѾⶴѨϵĹڸ
Ѩ֮Уŵزصۼڶսħ˵źܴ棬õġزǧ塷ǻɬѶһΣõĪĻԵ·ǵزǰԵݻ˵زصһ㡣
Ȼġ
κΰվĲһ
Ҷ̾˵
ڵľѧҶҲΪĺ棬಻ѹҶȻҲеİһҪ뷨ǵ֮Ľ뵽˶սħ֮к
һĴ֮ǶֳĪĵ⡣
ǹľۼֱҪҶ쳹׵ѹһ㡣
ҿҶԾѸٵĽԼ곷˳
һֽٺĸоȴҶоزصĿ¡
ȻزѾսħԼĴߣһ˴ĻزصԵĿݻزصҶ쳹׵ѹס
ֲֿĸоҶ캱ȥģħҲûǿ
زر֮ΪΪǿţһ仰²ٵģһﻹ֮Ϊħ̥֪ǲġ
΢΢˼֮УҶҲȥע⶷սħҹʮ졣
һﶼԼ
ȥӴĻȻһĺôеȴҲǺܶࡣ
ҶԴľѧ޾ĸ֮һ̲޾ѧ
ĿʼĿ֮ҶԺ֮вϵĳľѧ
һʮᡭҵѾʼԽǿֻҪȥһʱ䣬ҾͿԽԼĸǿڵңҪսģʽԼսģʽ׵ݻҵĹֶΣܶ࣬ȴۻƽʥ壬ΪǿˣĻԵûҲģҵʵ뵽˴첻𾳶ΪǺȻģںǴ̫žһǿս䲻ĿԽնɱһǿߣһĲ࣬ٴεĽס
뵽ԼϵҶͻȻ΢΢һ
ԼʽƺϲֻСתһ֡
ϣ
ҶС
޴İʱһް԰̬鸡Ҷͷϣ·ǴŲɱ޴֮ϵУ֯˰Ƶ
ħһֹ϶ǿľѧЩڳ˵ҲǾѧˣǶҵ˵ȴԡħΪݣĻ˵ҵԳΪǿ
һ뷨
Եķ˼¡
ҲǡħĿ߶û뵽顣
һѧĿߣŮħȻǿĺܣȻĺܣν첻µز£ȴҲ˵Ͼɲһ飬һȥʩչĻԼܿ޷ܵġ
ͱ֮࣬ǱпĴһǾͷ·һСһ㣬׵ȥĶĻܻܿɸ䡣
ҪԼĻһΣһҪ׵ĸı䣬ȥ֮ҽԸĵˣȴҲһᡭ
Ҷ΢΢һ
ʱöͬ۰ӳҶǰ
öӣֳɫ֮·Ǵһľ֮һ㣬ݻ˼ޡ
ľˮ
Ҷ쵱ħ棬ޱȵı
㱦ҶõôȴҲ޷ǰľˮԱȡ
ûжԱԡ
Կ
Ҷ쳢ŽöӰˮλ뵽Լ֮С
ȻľˮͨԼΪԼ֮еľ
ˡ
Ȼľˮ뵽Լ֮вֻ˲䣬һ̣ľȴѾǿķӦַӦײУһ˳쳣ľʱȴ·ǶǼʳһ㣬ĳ˿񱩵̬
¡¡
Ű˲ͼ֮Уһ޴ĲĲ
ľŰ˲ͼ֮໥ϵһҶ߽ܵĹϵ
롭
Ҷ΢ľˮͷŵŰ˲ͼ֮С
ʱǾ޴ľ·ǳ˼һ㣬͵Ĵ
䡭
ԭ޴ľʱ̬쳣ĸı䡣
ɫĹľɫ໥ĲƣɫҶƫƫĴŨ˼£·ʵһ̬£ùľ
ڡ
Ҷ΢΢һ
ʱѾһõʱľѾԼ׼

ľˮѸٵҶƿ£ʼ뵽ľıԵ
Ǿڴʱһɾ޴ķȴʼҶ񷢳˷־
һ־ȻǴľˮɢġ
־ɽ纣·һ־
ÿµ־ѹľֻǽľˮ뵽Լ˵ڣȴûȥܽʵϣǶԷȥܽ⣬Ϊһû
ҶܿıжϳеԵɡ
ľˮǺ֮ʮԪ򶼺ĳһΣľ֮Ĵںϣ֮еġľ֮
Ȼ̲ǿʶ
ߡ𣿡
Ҷһ˿⡣
ǿʳľˮȻʶȴҲؼġľ֮ںġ
˵һҶҲֶֻڶԴ
ľҲڲ㣬ڵȼȴԵĿɱ㡭
ҶﻺĿ˵
ľֻѣҪɳҪʱ䣬ڵȼȴľˮҪǿĶ࣬߳Ķࡣ
ͺһֻһֻ޴Ұһ㣬ƺͿԶסԷ
žžž
ľȻһ֮ͬǡľеһ㣬ƺƵй޾


1454 ʼ
˵һ棬һС͵棬̲ϵİ֮УԼȡĸı䣬Լ棬нĸ
ҶаԵ˼
һɫ֮лһС
ʱľҶԴԴϵǿԭľӵǿЩ֮
Ű˲ͼ֮С
޴Ĺľγ˲̬
޴֦ɿȥӶʥɫš޾
Ҷ֮С
ת֮еĵµĽ׶ΣǽԼΪļ£֮Ϊʥ壬ϵͷ˵ٴεĴʥ壬ʥļ£ҵûзһıԴѪȴԼġħѧ㹻ֲ㣬¾ܵʹ࣬ӵĿֲ
ҶаԵĿЦ
˵ۻƽʥǡһĻһٴεĳΪһ׶εʥ壬ﵽЧ㹻ĳΪʮ
һֱϵĸı䡣
оĿھʣҶ֪ԼѾûѡˡ
飬ҪԼȥ
һĴǿ֧ŶԷһ㣬ԼҪɱһʱ̣Ѿоˣһ纣ѹȻһػһ
ԼҪɱԷҪͶԷԿϵģԼ㹻ǿ󣬾Եûа취ȥͶԷӲӲս
뵽˴̫žΪ֮ÿһ춼з츲صĸı䣬ڵҶԿϴһǿߣҲǿĻɱǶ죬ҲǿĺͶԷӲӲ꣬ǰΣԼϵǿߣԼֱӵľͿĨˡ
ʱ˵ûΪֵ֧ĻԼ϶޷ٴεĳɳģֻдķԼˡ
ħϣҵѡûдġ
ҶЦ˵
ԼΪһǽȫ뵽Լ֮УһӲŻӵе뷨
еĹʹޱȣ쳣һСģͻᡪ
䡭
ҶĬĬھڵĿʼжˡ
䣡
һĴҶͷ˳
ǡħ
ǰȻҶҲתȴûнʩչԼԴһΣȴòô
ΪܣԹΪìΪԻΪС

ۡ
һֱҶ쳹׵ĺг֮󣬶ʱһڵĿʼ׵ıˡ
ħƱΪԵ˼£ʱΪԵδı䣬ȴõһ޷й
ۡ
һڿڵѪʲϡ
žžž
ϵļ⼱ٵĳ鴤˼ޣÿһӶĿƿʼֳѵļ⣬ѪģԿһֵĽڲ
ս
𡭡
սӡֿµķģȻķע뵽Ҷ֮С
ɫȻҶ㣬һƴǣҶȴûн䶯һ˿һֿµʹ࣬Ȼ޷ܣʼһ
Ҷȴ֪ʱľ֮ǲЧԱһЩ
Ϊؼʱ̣
ˡ
һ
޴İصٲһ֮
Ϊ޴ģȴҲҪΪ
ҶҪľǽһ뵽ԼѪǡ⡭ÿһë档
ֻӣܹԼ׵ĳΪµ˼
ɣ
о˰Ҷڵһҧŭ
͡
޴İ͵Ϊ񽣡
߳˫Ϣݻ˼ޣûΪһ⣬ѸٵĴ̵Ҷ֮С
䡭
һΣͱһ㣬ǿֲľʹҶ˶ʼˡ
𡭡
﷢˾޴
һʹޱȵ
·Ҫϵֿµʹ඼Ҫ˻
ǵ˻ȴ·ǱǿеĶסһҶɳҲûа취
ʹ࣡
ÿһ궼·Ǳļ̵ڷĴһ㡣
Щʹ࣬ҶǸоˣ·ܣΪ顣
ֻһΣʹ࣬ʹ򱶡
ļŤϵı쳣Ѫĸ£ϵıȻȴҲԸоУÿһ缡Ĳʲô
һʹൽ˼µı֡
һֱ·Ҫʹȫйһ
žžž
֮з΢
ʹ࣬׵ʹൽ˼ޡ
𡭡
ٴεһ޷ƵʹȴݵĺܽΪѾɳϵʹȴݵ൱Զ
֮еĶսħҹʮ춼̲ס˫Ŀ
һ
սħ˫ĿɵùԲҹʮҲò˶١
ǱǼ쳣֮ȴҲ޷Ҷ쵽ھһֶôֲʹࡣ
һﵽʲôľѧ
ǰȻҶǿһֵļʣڿҶʹ֮ȴ˿û˼ʣؿ־壬ʣ޷ȥǿʹࡣ
µֶΰ
ҹʮ૵
ݡ
һɫʥâ˶սħС
͡
ķҶС
ǶսħΨһܹˡ
ܹҶʹԵļСһЩ
ľ֮
ҲһεʩչվҶõһ˿ϢĻᣬǿҵ۷ʹ࣬Ȼڳȴһ𣬲һ˿΢
ת
ĺȵ
ɳƵ
ĺѾ׵ƻˡ
䡭
۵˷ز֮ʱ쳣Ľ뵽Ҷ֮С
ۡ
ǿҵ֮ȻĪ棬ٶȴҶ̲סѪ
ϵʹȴԵĺࡣ
͡
֮УǰϵĴγʮתĴת
ÿһεת۵ྫ޲Ϊ֣ʼעҶ֮С

ٴεı
ڵģڶֵĥѿʼˡ
ǲϵĴ
ǸղҲֻǵһΰˡ
䡭
һ׵ƾյĳ֡
һΣصĴ
ˡ
ҹʮȻ׵ޱȵУһ۱㿴׵ǶôĿ¡
˫Ŀɵţһ㡣
·޷ţ侹ȻԲеʽ
ҶȴԼһ־˵ٶȿʼڳɳֳɳЧԶ׼


1455 谭

׵
ػգ
˪
Ű
·ǲҪģʼй
·䣬ǸݲҶĴڣ֮Ϊˣ
ҶĴڣ·ݣǶսħҹʮȴ൱ҶĹͨؼʼЧ
һʲôѧ
սħٴε˵
ûз֣ԼѾڿʼɳ
尾
뵽˵һļ尾
ʹ
鲼
ҶʱһĿʼһհĿʼܽ¶еʥǣ
ӡܹͦȥ𣿡
ҹʮǿȥˡ
ԲаʽѾˣĻˡ
ڵȵ𴫳֮ҹʮҲ˰Ĵ
ȴûκεһΣǺҶĺˡ
ַ·Ҫеʹ೹׵˺ѳΪӣʵ˿ĴĿġ
Ҷսħû˵һ˫ĿȴŵǺϣɫ
ԡϵľ磬֮УҲֻЩϵĲһŻлʩչ;˵ز֮ʱҲڵڲаĵ֮ΪԴȪԿֲĵ֮ΪʳϵĴԼǿ֮ӸϽд
仹Ϊĵġ
ϾЩǼضѣ޷֪е֮
žžž
ֲڷһȼհ
ҶʹȴѾǿеѹȻɵʹ࣬ڸղȴѾľ˲١
֮ϵΣҶȻ֪൱
ľ֮ΪõľˮЧӶʹô
һľԭĵȼ㲻ߣҶһȲɳΪľˮЧɳһµĲΣҲҿˣľ֮ŻἰʱĲҶ졣
ûҶ־εǿȴҲûа취ȥŵס
һʥҶİ׹治ϵı仯γɫ
һֺĴγɵǡʥǣ
ܶĹͣȴɱ֤ǿսȻ겻٣ֲɿԻأĲϵս⣬ʥǡġ
Ѿ̲ڹǿ󣬸Ͽ͹Գġ
ص·Ų־
ƣһ㣬ÿһѰɢǿϢȴǿᵽ˼¡
Ҷʥ棬ϸϸĵ̣γΪĺۼ
Ӷµĺۼ
·ǹע־һ㣬ڲϵĳɳ
ԡ
սħһֱûз۲ҶΣеޱȵ˲䣬ͻأһɿµϢ͵ı
һǿϢ·ڻĹţǿϢ
Ȼĳɹˣ
ıһš
һʱУսħҶ֮Ҳ໥Ľ飬ҶµĻ˵Ҳһشʧ
ڣȴоǰһʥǵ棬ڷĻԼӴϢ
Ҷޱȣ·ǹͨصİһ㣬ʱǡħڷתϵĹͨؼȥеÿһط
һƺǽ൱˳ڵҶѾоˣԼͻƵĻǰԼڿʼɳֻʱѣϿʼĻָŲҪٵʱ䣬ԼͿĳɳµʥ徳磬ǸʱԼϵļԦ㹻Ϊ֮ˡ
ݣ
ͻȻ䣬һҶĶ쳹
ŹϵȨ·ϲԵһ㣬ǳҶȴҲûκεһ˿õ
ʲô
ҶͻȻһ󾪺
ߡû뵽Ȼٴεĳˣ
Ű˲ͼ֮У̫ʮѪϵļһƺǸоʲôһ㣬Ȼ˫Ŀ֮Уſµܣͷš
ôĵӰѵ˵СӣıЩ˸о˲ɣ
ϴž˵ɷɷԭ̬ȫĲһ
̫ܣԷĻǿ϶ģôõʱˣһжԵ̫ƽҲǲ̫ܵģңҸоУ˵ļ򵥡
̫ʮѪ˵
ڸεӦ𣿡
ԭĸе񽣣˵
ҪˣֻҪĻǾͿԽֻһˣţһķҲûа취뵽ģϾҪ˼Ķ̫ˡ
Ծ
һֱû˵ĺèͻȻķʲôһ㣬̲סĽ

ԭ΢΢˫ĿȴЦ
ȻǵƺֻϵһѣҲȱĺܣٰͬЧǴˣ
ǿı˫ĿһУƺǲȥˡ
˭
ҶʥӤȻԼ˫ĿԦ̫ʮѪȻ׳˲ϢһصĿռ䡣
¡¡
׵ǵȼգ·һµ磬һħ硣
ѣ
һ֮ҶԺ֮УȻĳһʡ
ꡭ
̲סĵŭһ
Ȼе㱳
ϵͻҪصĽѣȴû뵽ǣϵͻҲҪȥܽѡ
ҿҵӦסûҵԵĺ鷳
Ҷ첻ϵĿЦ
䡭
һɫĴ󶦣·һ㣬ȻıҶ棬Ȼĺɱȥ
ۡ
һ죬ҶʥӤ̲סһڽɫѪҺ
ϵ󾫻
ã
ʥӤŭʩչͨȻ׳˼£һӰҲ漴ĳҶǰ
һλϵӰ֣·ǴŹϵʷƺȾδ
ֻһ˿֮еķӰֻҪնɱǣӦǲͻΪʣԲŻٻ
ԭǱݵҶĶߡ
ߡ
Ҷĺһǻش
һӰʥӤȻļԦ̫ʮѪʼˡ
ʥӤǿ쳣ΪԷ̫ͻȻĻᱻУʱӵŭǷ

׳ʮ׸߶ȵ壬ߵĽϣЩײ࣬ǿֲȴʥӤʩչ뵽һ°̬֮У趯ʥӤɳӺҶһģһ
𡭡
̫ʮѪȻĺУʥӤʼǰ
β׷׷׵޴
䡭
ضϵĴ󶦾ȻٴεĳϿգɱֲһµķ籩ǺХ̬£ƺǴ㽫Ҷ

ʥӤƺĲ£˵Լİա
һ˿˫Ŀ֮С
䡭
һɾ޴ע˫֮У˫ȭȻ˫ȭӶĳŴ󶦴ȥ


1456 ۻɷʥ
ʥӤҶĻһ㣬ľѧҶ춼Ҫͨ飬Ҷ춼ûа취ȥ׵ƿأȻҲһ൱Ρ
ȻʥӤҶģһҶ꾫ȴҲһʶ
ƽ޹ʵıһǴ󶦺ݺݵشУǴ˽ɫĻѪʥӤķŭҪɽӿ

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񶦣Ȼֻ΢΢һ֮ԵҶȴǿԿ϶Ⲣ񶦣һͽȴûжٱðƻ
ð񶦵ˣҲֻ֮УһƷĴڶѣͷ·޵һֻ˵̬ȴѾﵽЧҶΪľȣӿµǣ񶦼ȻðƵģıжôľˣ
ЩҲҶȥƽϵˡ
ڵľ֧£ĳɳǲҪȥֵ⣬˵Ҳ˹Ħ뷨
ʥӤ˿ĲֻʥӤȴԼȥԦģԼûа취ƿأһΣԷ֣˲ĹĦˡ

ٴεĳ֡
У̲ſµ棬ȻһȻֻһȴҲѾһʶǿԼĳɳȻǷģȴҲ̲һӱˣҲ˵һ޾Ļ档
С
ʥӤ׵Ĳ˵˵ĻȴԽһ˳׵衢
䡭
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棬һӰ֣ȻǸղ˵һ
һװΪӡ
ȻŰɫۣȴԵԵװŹϵצ֮ҲС
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κΣʱʥӤĲ
ʥӤҶеģźܴһҶƢ˵ڿѾĲˬֱ֮ӵѡ˳֡
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͡
һìƴ󣬷·һ̫һ㣬ȵ¶Ⱥʹ̶Ĺԣ̲סΪ֮Ŀ
һìע֮ȻĦſռ䣬׵ķָΪ֡
ˡ
·̲š١롰桱İһ㣬ìȻҶҲоһĿ¡
Ҷ˵ԼҪһսܹԷԼڵڽʱϴ񣬸ûа취ȥӦȴҲû뵽ʥӤȻ̶ֲȡ
ΪһｫʥӤСƢŭĻ˵ǣô죡
ҶЦ˵

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׵Ķ
ϳΪȭҲɱ
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ȵı쳹
ΧһҲɢ
ʥӤƺǸоʲôһ㣬ȻץȡĴһһööƬһ̫ʮѪˡ
̫ʮѪҲһ̬ϵĴڣҶȴоһɳ±Ű˲ͼһµ̫ʮѪ˿Ĳ
ܿ죬ʥӤʧҶ֮ȴһصĲ
ЩϵƬĲҲⷨһɡ
ȻʥӤҲע뵽Ҷ֮С
һʱҶ컹޷ȥƿغ˽ǵĴڡ
˫ĿѸٵĿԼ
ʱ׹ǳ׵Ļǡʥǣע˸ǿ֮ΪؼıǴʱİѾ׵ıΪҶϵϡ
ħÿһοھÿһּ·Ҫ
ľ֮ԴԴϵ̲Ҷڳɳϵ֮ƻˡ
䡭
𡭡
ХȻһɷ֮Ȼʼŷ
֮ɷ֮ܵϵһ
⻪ǧһ캧صĻٴεγɣ
˻󣡣
𡭡

ɷħĺӦ
Ҷƺǵõһ˿Ͽһ㡣
ıٴεĳһǿĻ
ħ󣡣
໥ϵҶȻһ
ڡ
֮໥ıŷ̫ӡת˼¡
һ˻͵Ļ󻺻ĵˡ
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ħ֮󣡡
ҶĺȵŤµڵĴɡ
ۿʼγɣһöӵĻɷӡϻĳ֣ǻƣ׻ӡǣ
µ˺֮Ϊۻɷʥ壡
Ҷƺǳһ仰

֮Ϯ


1457 ţ

սħҹʮ³һǵľʱѾ𲽵ĿʼǴ̫ž߶ϵĴкҶ첻һǰմеĵ·ߣ˿ȥٶƺΪѸ٣ʵϣȴҶСľ硣
ΪҶĵ·Լ
ûаκεһλ޵ĵ·ߣȫڿȥȻߵľҪһЩʵϣȴ
ʵȴɳ̫̫ˡ
ҵʵ뵽˴첻𾳵۷壬û뵽زصļػҵõһڻ֮ҵҲһµĲΣٴεһȺ̬Ҳ˵Ǳˡ
սħŵ˵
ҹʮҲǵ˵ͷ
ĴеھĿ֮ʵҲȵĽ뵽˴첻𾳵쾳硣
ҹʮʵԭڴͨľ磬һӽ뵽˴첻죬ȻҲΪõϵĴ֮еĪǵõԽ࣬ʹţ֮϶ԽĿ¡
󣬿ҪԼȥͻˡ
ľ磬Ȼ뵽˴첻Ϊͻ磿
ҹʮ̲סľ
ȻľĽٶȱҶҪֲĶ࣬ȴ֪ԼͻȫĴ֮ɵģҶ˵޷Ƚϡ
á
ҶϴŵЦ˵
ʱջɲֻôļ򵥡
֮Ƶļӳٴεƣڵ뵽ʮε
ʮʵǲСĽ
ջȴԼڵۻɷʥ壬ۻɷʥЧޱȵԣڵҶԸоԼǺʹ̫žһǿ߶Կû˿ɬѹ
һֻҪٴεĻǼһԵˡ
ۻɷʥЧǿĺܣڵҶ컹ûа취ȥƿس
ʱҲ˰ɣ
Ҷ΢΢ü˵
ħ֮ҪرˣǻǸϽѰҵ㱦أȻߡ
սħЦ˵
ʱϿȥԭҪõĶ࣬ԭɷļ˺ܶࡣ
Ȼһزصıڻ֮УõЧܿ¡
Ҷĵ˵ͷҪľǽһ㶨ˣһʵǿɺ޵ĺܣħ֮ܲԶһȥĻ֮еǿ߻ػ
鷳
ǸСӣȷʵһ鷳
Ҷ콫һ˵֮󣬶սħҲͷϿɡ
ڵʵһµľ磬һϵĻҲ¶Է
ǺѰһ¡
Ҷ쳷߳˶Ѩ
ˡ
һµĶ
Զһڰӿ·һ̫ħɽһ㣬ѹ
ɫħɽǰ棬λǱޡ

һµǺɫħɽȻСһǾ޴ĺɫβȴ·ħһ˦˳ȥ

Ѫ衣
ȻţүүϵŮ
ŵεȵĶ첻ţħ˭
һһĺɫţëÿһĿ˿˿ϸ΢ħ֣Ȼһʱ֮еõĺôҲС
ѾѾȵؽ뵽˴̫ž̶ȵľ磬Ҷߵ̲סķһ鴤
̫žÿһ춼Ҫǧ꣬ѾľȻȥһȦͿͻһ磬ôܲĽʺޣ
ţӷ裬ѾĺװBĽ޲ȳ࣬װһӣ¶˷·ίޱȵ̬˵
̡ģţүүϵŮˣҲǣⲻǸ
ҹʮٴεĳ鴤һ£ҶҲòȥǺţħ֮йϵĽѾıԺɫĺܣӴţҶ쵹Ǻ󵽣һεȥ椡
ǿڵĳˣʱ䣬үҶҪįѪˡ
ţħһȤ˵
ʵʱڷĳɳȻѡ뵽ĵһٵļɹ֮ȻҲԵΪζ
С椰ϧϧС椣ţүү֮󣬾Ȼѡܣ
ţħһ˵˵
ҶͶսħ̲סһͷ۵ӣʵĲ⣬ѵѾ˶ţ֮Уûиª
ǸҪ˵ʱ̣һǿϢĳ߳
ֲϢ·һ飬˷ɱ⣬ɢ
֮ǿ߷׷׵ѡá
첻۷ľ磿
Ҷ˵
Ҳһǿˣ֮УҲƿؼˡ
ǺܿҶ㿴ţħƺǳһ˿Źֵı顣
ܿٴεĿһһѾΪһʬ̲סʵ
ɱһǺͶԷһ·İɣ
ţħڨڨЦ
ʵôһᣡ
㻹һһˣ
սħû˵
첻۷ǿ߶ˣûţħ˵ôˡ
͡
ݡ
һӰ˸
ʱޱߵʼŤ·һ޴ɽѹһ㣬ֲϢԲʮﶼ
ɽѹҶüͷ΢΢һ漴ĿǰһˣȻ˵ţħϲǷǣħ֮֮Уɱ¾ΪѰˣԷѹƣԵҲڹΪ֮ҲҪжٵˡ
Ϊ׵һˣ䣬ģһ˫Ŀֳε̬ȥǼթ
ߣһλµòŮߣϵķ࣬һ׵Ůˡ
һֱֳУЦĿҶһˡ
èҶǵ̲סЦ
Ϊ׵һˣϢƣһɫĳۣ·ޣһȥ֪ǷƷ
ƲϵŮӵĽţܵӣڿҶ֮ȴȻ䣬ǿţħţ⣬ӵ̲סıһɷ
΢ϣһΪͷɫţôżܵΪʲôԭҵ˼ϳ
ޱȣ·ǹѼһ
Ҷû˵սħҹʮȻҲҶհҲ
ʱӵϿʼЩҲסˡ
ϾҲ֮ˣһֱˣ޲Ļɵͻ֮̿ģȴû뵽ǰҶ쵨˵ķ
ȫǶԼ˿Ĳ¡
㾹Ȼϲһˡ
ţħһίͱ֮ɫĿλŮӣʹľԼţӣĽе
һ仰ĳ֣ʱҶߵϳһкߡ
ѾҲ̫޳˵ɡ
ѵ˵һţүүĴ𣿡
ţħվ޳ܵľԼĲԴǵĽе
ˣ


1458 ƽʥ

ӵɫţħ̫޳ˡ
޳ܵ˼£Ѿ߳ƽﶼҶҲеĵ۵ȥţ޵ж೤
һΣţħĻ׵ļŭ˶Է
ԭǽԼϵĻֽ˵ģڿƺԼȥȡĺãСӣûȤ֪ǵݣǲҪң־͹ԼôͶһֻɫţ
ɱ
һȴʱĲӰȥ
һǿӡǣǵصĳҶ˵ѹ
ħֻ֮ҪһԲϾͻ֣ɱ¾
С
ҹʮ첻мЦһ
΢һ׾ۼ
䡭
޴׶ʱ쳹
׵ƿӰ֮Ľһ˵׵

սħмЦһ
ҹʮʵսħѾϿˣһõ𴫳УԴԴϵʩչ׵õ˵زشݻˡزǧ塷ѧҪӦܳʱ䣬Ҫ˵ǰһˡ
䡭
һг֮ˣѸٵı׵֫ٺ֮У׵Ŀ֮ʱ֮бԴݿٶѵˡ

ѪҺ裬·ӣ죬һ˿졣
ң
Ϊ׵û뵽Լ¾Ȼ˵ĲһţħѾڲϵİڶԼţޣһǿҵз޾ɱ⡣

һֻֻӥצ
һ޴ķӥ·ħչһ
޴ӥצ㹻ʯ֮ϵĵ׵Ӱʼץȥ
֪Ķ
ҹʮЦ
ʩչӡǣһ޴֮ʼγɡ
֮𴫳е̲׵־ߵĳ̶ȣ²֮
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ڶԷ㵵֮УǾ޴֮·һ㣬صĻɱ˶Էϡ
ۡ
ѪٴεķɽһΣԷֱӵĻ촷ֻۣѪʡ

ΪŮӣʱһ¶ɫ
ԭΪԼҵһɽȴû뵽ǣԼĿɽȻĲһγ׵ıķ顣
Ȼ޷ȥܡ
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ţħһţβֱӵĽŮ˴ɵʮ֮⣬Լţޣ̲סֹ
û۹Ů˰Ǹ֪ţүү
Ǽįѩ̬ʵҶٴεһӡ

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ÿһεĽ涼ѡ
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ΧŤ޾Ĵؿʼѣɽѣ޾鿪ʼ߰
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ǿֻ˵ǿ󣬲ܹʸ֮Ϊǿߡ
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ħ֮ǿĺܣ󣬵ħ֮ڵʱܵħĸı䣬׵ĽԭĴԪĺĸıˣһǽԷһ׵նϡ
޷ȼս
˵ǿ϶ˡ
źܿĸźǿƿǽᷢһ㣬Ӷĵٻġ
սħ˫Ŀ˸Ĺâ˵
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⶷սħһ򵥵Ҳ򵥣ѰħԳˣεܹزصġزǧ塷εܹԦǵزħزħҶ춼һķ֮ûһ걻ѹΪĩ
ˣүϲһˣȽ⣬Ҿѡȥǻǻġ
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⻰Ҷ˫Ŀâ˸
ȷʵҪһĳ˵ˡ
һ飬һĻع鵽򣬿»ܵǵıӻһһȥԵĻ޷ŵ谭ԼӣԵĲܹˣȻ˵Ӻնɱģ׻һһ֪Լʵ֮һع鵽Ҳ᲻谭Լ
ˡ
ͻȻĳ֡
һâ֮ͷų
âķ׶̲ˮľ֮һЩԲ
ЩȴںһݻΪһǰ־
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ҵĦǽһήɽʯѹΪĩһЩõޣ˱˺
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͡
⻪˸âȻٴεļ٣˺һգۼžҪҶǰˡ
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˴󾪣̲סĽ
Ҷ˫Ŀ岻ܡ
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ֲȻճֳ
͡
ٴεĳһâ
͡
ٵâ
ۣ֮
Ҷ֮ʩչ˼£ȻĶ˶ԷĴڡ
ǡ

սħʩչͨ޴ĵزħ·ǿħһ㣬һʮâ顣
ȴҲ¶˾ɫĻھȻѳ˵ۼ
âôңԶľ룬ȻҲԴﵽ˵ǿ󾢵
ž
Ҷ첻ܣֱӵסһâ
ˡ
һײݳ
ǿֲҶ춼̲סľȡ
Ѿ뵽µĲΣȻ˵νʥ壬ڵۻɷʥԷҲ˿Ĳ
һâȻֱ顣
ǰ֮һìĳֳ˻ƽ֮ɫĺۼܵĻƽɫڷȼգ·Ҫһе鶼׵ķմһ㡣
ƽʥʧѾõĻƽʥеĲħں˽ܹһģֻһˡ
Ц
͡
Ӱ˸¶㣬ĳ
һ
ΨһʵһﾹȻ˰


1459 ݣ
ݡ
ǣ
չ֣
磬ػת
ˡ
Ҷֳһ޴Ļƽʥ趯ܲ͸硣

ʮƣų˹ϵϢҶ·һµսһ㡣
ս
ڽΪµĲ֮ҶҲԽĸоԼۻɷʥǿ֮ͷ·һޱߵԼ֣չֳΪ֮ľ
ʥǵɢʥ棬·̲͵ļӳֺһ㣬ڵ⣬һʩչ޴ܡ
ߡ
Ҷһ
еĻƽʥ·һ㣬Ȼħ֮޾֮ȻĳǰͳԼ
͡
ʱһƽɫĻ澹ȻĴͷβĴ̴
ղţħǵһˣɵ˶Է֮Ȼûֱɡ
ҶаԵЩڡ
ڸղţԷ֮󣬲֪Ǵ첻۷ӣȻҲһ˲õļһԷϴһµı
ǻƽչ
ƽչӵֻӵи˲Żа취ȫ
ǿߣȻʵȴҲһĺ棬ֻκһļҲ֪ǲȵʲôʺˣȻӵŻƽչĴУҲһõˡ
ģһһǸŶԷģҾ͸ǰġ
ҶаԵĽ
ڵΪԹ԰ʵ֮ƺеĽ䱸ҲʼЩиˡ
һһΣεܣȴҲվӲҵƣɣ
ҶаԵĺ
ͬʱȴҲڰĽҲ֪һȻʩչʲô취Ȼƽչʩչھеõˡ
ţħѾĲϲ䱦ôͲⱦõء
űѾӿ񱼵ţħҶ̲סıһޡ
ΪҶ캦¶ԷеĻƽչΪƽչȷʵ൱ǿ
ţƽչһֹϵ޽ɵĹңעڿµķģ֮󣬲Ŵģǻƽʥÿһǧ޺Ϲںһγɵģ˵ÿһĻƽʥֵơ
ԵģһȻԵõ䱦ΪҵٴεһµĲΣĴѾӦˡ
ҶЦ˵
ҶĶϿȥΪɣʵϣÿһεǴ̹ĻƽʥҪķѳ󵽵Ͼ̹Ѱˣһλ첻۷̫žǿߣܿ޷ȥӦġ
͡
Ҷ콫һֻƽʥٴεĴ֮ǿֲļ⾹Ȼʧˡ

Ҷ΢΢һȴѸٵЦ
ŵǹֳĺۼѾ֪һٴε
ʹڲʱ¶
ҶЦֹ˵
ˣһһȥҵˡ
Ҷۣ֮ȴȫĲһ
֮ۡ

漴һ֮еĻƽʥ֮С
ʱһĨֳ
ȻҶ²û˿һѾƽչˣΪһϵĻƽʥȻҲմȾ˶Էһ˿ϧ
һ˿ϵҶȫĿҵһ
Ҫܵôļ򵥡
һסеĻƽʥҶЦһӰȻһţһ̣׵ʧ˿ռ֮С
ʧˣ
ţħͶսħߵ̲ס¶һĨȵɫ
ʲôѧ
ţħϾǺҶй꽻֮ܿı֪ҶĴ㡣
ȥ
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˵䣬ѾѾܿˡ
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ԵĻţħҪǾ޴ţӽ⶷սħ߷ɳȥ
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ǻƽչϻڳȻƽʥȥͷˣǸղǼʮգ˺ص̬ȴǿߵע⡣
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ƽչųһûаѵ˵ѰҵǸ壿
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ߣȥ
͡
ݡ
磬ʣĳɽ壬һɹɵڣؼʼҵĸı䡭
ȻٵǿΪҶһ֮Ħʼ
棬֮ģЩǺܶˣҪͼп̵ܲһĺô
Ϊؼģ
ӻ鷳ˡ
оΧϢʼ𽥵ǿҹʮ̲ס¶˵ǵɫ
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һǿߣϿ϶̲ŴܵػնɱĻ֮һ֪Ļ˵ûܶ鷳Ȼⲻص㣬ĺõĻһҲûлģǱ˼һնɱǾͻܴ鷳
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ţħɫţԵ˼£ͲԽԽãԽԽ棡
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սħ̲סİԽе
ڡ𡢰׻ԡŭ𡭡
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ڴҶѾ֪ħ֮ҪˣԺܶˣȥѡʱ֣ĪĶԹ򶼰ʱ̣Բѡġ
ƺΪħԭ˵ħҲʼ𽥵ļ˺ܶࡣ
͡
һӰ˸
һӰԼ˿˿Ļƽâ·һյһ㣬Ѹٵĳһɽ档
һ޴ȻĳС
΢ϵĳҲʼ򿪡
ǷƵӣһ˭
Ҷ졭㾹Ȼ
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·˵̰ǣԼ˿һ㡣
Ѿھ㣬㵲סҵһֿ֪ܹס١
˵䣬Ӱ˸һƽɫĻ棬ȻĴγǧƵâ
Щâÿһϵܣ·ǹͨأƺǿԣȻϡ֮·ȲҪɳȥһ㡣
ЩǧƵĻƽâÿһȻһµĻƽʥ
ǿ̬ԵĿκεһλΪ֮յġ
ˡ
£
һ˫Ŀ𣬱Ļƽʥķڣ䣬һ޴Ͽʼ
ȴûз֣ϣһڻӿ


1460 ݿ࣡
ǰĻƽɫ۵һָ棬漴ٴεİסеĻƽչ
ƽչǴҹʮնɱλеõģһļû֮ǻƽչЧҲ漴ʧˣʥ֮ҲֻǿǰŻᱻʩչ
ٴεıһǿߵõ֮󣬻ƽչ治ϵش
΢ʵΧɽʯʼռ֮ϣĹ⻪
ǻƽչʼԼΪǿʼЧ
ƽɫٲһ㣬֮УݻâǸʮľ룬ԸоһɱϢڲϵӿ
Ҷ졭ȥɣ
Ļƽʥʼĳ˹֮ϣۼһҪԷ׵Ĵȥˡ
ʱһȴѸٵĳ֡
Ѹ׵磬̤ǣ籩֮꣬
һɫ䣬ŵѺۣǿֲ˷·Ǵһӿ
ɫ˲Ұ
һɺʱѾ֮С
Ҷ죡
ȻҶ죡
һȫû뵽ԼܵأȻҶ쳹׵Ķ쵽ˣԼѾҶΪʲôҶ컹Լ˿ûио
ҶĴϻܹ֮뵽飬ȫĴһ뵽ˡ
һƴӣʵƻһ㣬ҷ·һƿأһƿزãᱻԷ׵ʧԼǰһᣬҲΨһĻᡣ
׷һʱҶ˿๤
Լһͷų
ȻԷҶķȴû뵽ҶѾ
һַ̡
һ裡
һû뵽Ҷ쾹ȻܹԼӵܣǶĽ֮ĵĴ

һ֣Ҷ﷢⣬Ҳûķϻ
䡭
һȭӶʮļӳ֣ѸٵںһֲۻɷʥѸٵת˼¡
á
оǲɷϢӭ棬һжʱĲ
ĻовҶָ֮оȻֹһεĳˡ
绤壬а˱ܣ
һϾǳǿߣսνǶʤǧ֮һʱ̣ڸоԼѾ©Ѫ˲䣬ڵѡ˷
䡭
⻪壬γ׻䡢ȸߡʥаӰػС

һɰƺƵıһµ໥ײģһֲƵĲһȻֱӵıɵһɽ֮С
ˡ
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Ҷɫ䣬˵ƬɷѸٵץס˶Է
ƽչϵĺеҪҲɹϵģڸоҶϵͻɷ֮֮˲ıԱһ㡣
ҶɵС
ۡ
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һѪ쳹漴ɽҶǿ˼¡
һ޷ܣͻħ໥ںһȻܵشȴҲû̵
ʧߣ
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һϳһѣҶȭͷĽԴɱѵĳ̶ȣֱӵһ롣
͡
ǿ޲һۿɱٶȿʼָԴѸٵĻָѪȴҪ
Ҷ졭
Թڳ֡
һ޷ŵĿҶ죬ȫû뵽һﾹȻⳬ󣬱ҪлɱҶȴû뵽Ҷ콫ƾͼƵĸˡ
ˡ
ƽչһֲ޺
ҶϣһƵʥչֳʥ֮ͷųϵϣ׵ƿ˻ƽչ
漴Դݿٶȣƽչڲһ˿ǣƳ׵Ľˡ
ۡ
о˻ƽչԼϵ׵ʧˣһεĵȴҲ޷ԭ̬˺ͷŭԼ£Ҳ޷ԭ̬
Ѫ
ʱϵѣֳѪģ̬һ˺ɼıܹ͹ԳԼɭȻ׹ǣǳɿݵҰһ㣬쳣
֮ӣʱ˲㱻ӡ
һж޷ͷųеķͷŭ
Ҷ죡
ء
һ˫Ŀ·Ҫһ㡣
һһΣ
ҶȻվȻֱӵĽƽչͻƽʥ뵽ԼŰ˲ͼ֮Уһ޴ĻƽʥԼıС
ҾͲ֣û뵽Ҳзһգ
뵽Ҷ쵱ȻҪԼԿΣûڵ飬вϵӿ
Ҷ죬һľͿԽѹϣ˵һȥһĻҶ²ôľͳΪڵĳ̶ȵġ
һںڣޱȵĺڡ
ԵĻһһնɱҶġ
ǻֻһΣڵҶѾһȥˡ
һˣ㷸˴㲻ңСңӵĲòҵ顭
ҶǵȻ˲䣬˫Ŀɺȴ˺ɫ׵磬̴һռ䣬Ȼһıŷ
ǣڱΪҵĵӣǲܹӰװ׵ȥ
ҶڵĺǿľȻһʱһĲԺԼԿ̲ǳ֮֮֮ǿ֮սӵİʮƵӳ֣ɷӳ֣Щǿںһ𣬼һСͻħںһ𣬿ԻǧħޱϾħޣʩչĻħҲΪĻ֮޷е
ʱԼ֮вϵƻܹӳĳ̶Ҳֻԭһѣ
ΪһССϣ㾹ȻҪҶԿҶ죬𣬵ȴĽ޾Уɱ¾ĵӣ飬ҽϱλƿأˡ
һϵĺ
ʱΧѾۼ˺ܶǿߡ
Щǿߵĳ֣ǶսħҹʮԼţħȥֹġ
𣿡
ҶЦɭȻ쳣
˵ĲǷǣԸ뿪ţ
ʣ˼ĺȻӿâ֮вϵͷš
ÿµļһ
һ·׷ɱһƺǵڶһǱˣһﵱһŰ
ѳ򣬿ȥҲᱻΪϱ˻˷ġ
ǰȻǿ󣬵ټǿգɲֻһԪ򣬱ǿĴԪǶĺܡ
ǿ߷׷׵Ŀʼ
㾹Ȼĵɱң
һͻȻһ˿ŹֵЦݣЦ


1461 Ű
һЦݣҶ̲סһĨĳɡ
ⲻǺ£ǶԷЦ֮Уƺ̲һ˿Ķ
ɷ򣬿𣬺ξգ
սʤղţսӡ·ͷų޾Ĺ⻪һ㣬Ҷıһ޴Ӱʼĳֳ
Ӱ˼սһ޴սǹͷų貵ǳ⻪վҶı󣬷·һµɽһ㣬ֲϢ㹻ĳأ˷
ÿµĻ󣬺ǿս⣬սѾҸоԼʼˡ
˷˲ĸ֮̾дһ˿͵ӣ
𡭡
սӰҶѪﵽʮʮľ֮󣬲ֵĿ»
սŭ𣬶ʱһε𺳺ѹɢ


޴ı·ҪΧ׵һΧܶǿߣֻǸоԼ̨һɢһ̣䣬ѳΪѪ
ֻһŭ𣬵ǾȻ
һЩµµǿ֮⣬ǿ߻ٵܵ˴ˣ֮ˣǾˣ
ʲô󣬵ŭһȻҸоԼɢѪţѪ·Ҫȼһ㡭
һλǿɫĽеӰ˸Ȼ˺ʮ֮⡣
һ˲˷ǸоΣһĻ˵û᳹׵
ֻһЩ־ᶨǿߣѡվһսｫݻսǸʱؼݻϵĪá
͡
Ҷ첻ȥϻֱӵĳ֡
磬ǹգķ趯
һԾ𣬴ﵽɣ趯ӡǣһӡγɣѸٵѹ
ڵľ뵽˴첻ľ磬ϵƿأѾԭӵǿ󣬶һ˿һ춯Աжϳ
¡¡
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Ҷӡ֮еĵһӡ
ǳӡȻǿ󣬵ȴʺʩչ
˫绷̫ɽȻһΧɽ˵µĳɽʱѾΪĹϣȻһ˿ӵ顣
оҶıɽӡ֣ɽȻĲ˸Ӧ

Ҷڽƣ
˳ƶ֣
Ҷ졭㵱Ϊκβ𣿡
ʱһȻȥǱ쳣ϾһǿߣҶȵⲽأҲǱ쳣ˡ
˫ֽӡȻݺݵسӡȥ
ӡ֮оȻ쳹һµĳͬħŰ
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һ޴Ļʼ趯
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ˡ
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һʱҶɢ죬ѩ裬һɺ쿪ʼչֳ˴δֹĹ⻪׵˸һ쵽ʮ׵ĵزһۿȥ·ǽӴ׵ɺ죬оԼ˫ĿһĴʹ
ɽӡ
һ̫ɽ̫Ϯ
̫֮ϣضӵ·
ÿһ㹻Ľ̫;һ˼ľϡ
ʮ··Ҫ̫׵Ĳһ㡣
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֮򣡣
ʮ֣˲Ĵʮ
Ҳ֪һǳʲô䣬ʱȻҶıɽӡû˿ĺ¡
ԦԼĻħ޻ĳճ
䡭
ɳʯǾ޴̫ɽȻԷһצһȭĴС
ʱ޴̫ɽһµѺۡ
һǿ
Ҷһ
ڵĶԼıɽӡΪ̫󣬻𲻱Ҫ鷳
ڼӳʮֱǿһλ̫žһǿߣһʵҲһ۷徳磬ȻԽԼıɽӡѿ϶
ն
һħг֣Ȼ˳Ƶıһȥ漴һѺۣɱ˾ͷ
һӰ˸˷ǿԼ֮ͫгһ޴ĺۼ·֮Ϊһ㣬ͫһľʹ

޴̫ɽǿеΪΡ

Цٴεĳ֡
һЦȴҲ˲Ȼֹ
Ϊһɺ쾹Ȼ֮ͫС
Ҷ쾹Ȼڶݵʱ֮гǰ

һд󺧣Ｑٵĺ
ĻʩչԼ޴ħ֣ĳҶץȥ
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Ǿ޴ħ֮ĳҶı
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ڿħ֮֮е̲סĵһ
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޴ײٴεĳ֣ΧĿռѾɿµʵ֧飡
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һĳջأȻĴһȭ
ȭ̲޾Ļħһľ߳Ҷ̫ˣḻľ£ɲҶ췴ӦصĴҶ֮ϡ
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ϲɫҲ൱ԣȻǸоǰҶѾΪ׸Ķ
ˡһеĻǿĻħ޷ֱӵıѹȥ
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Сӵһ˲õ˵žԵǺٹǧ꣬ѰһλصĴܣ
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Ϊ׵һͷħţڲм
СȻˣ
˵Ĳţħ˭
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սħЦ˵
ҶǺµĺܣȫһݺݵشҶϣûɶԷһ˿ˣ˼ʵǿԵ亱
뵽Ҷ쵱ΣǶսħҹʮ޲شһ¡
ȻһĵЦûгã˲ıþ
ˬ𣿡
һ
˵ĲҶ컹˭
ʱˣ޷ŵĿɽ֮ϵߣȫڿҶ졣
һȭͷȻûи˿𻵣
䡭
һȭӲĴһǰ
޴һ˲ĸоԼ·ܵ޷ƵشͬǱɽѹһ㣬ǿµľʹ¸ͣҪԼ塣

ϥص̧𣬺ݺݵٴ
ۡ
ѪҶû˿ԥȻֱӵϳ֡

ֲĴһ̳ˡ
еǿ߷׷׵ſԼ͡
޷ŵĿߵĽս
⡭
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һ·һƤһ㣬ҶϵɱѪⲻϵķ
ʹĲҽڵĴһ﷢ˡ
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ٴεһȭһݴ䡣
꣡
ֱ۶ѣ

ž
꣡
ϥѣ
ֻת˲һȻѾΡ


1462 磡ħ꣡
Ҷ졭㲻ú
Ĳҽɽ֮ϴݳ
ըף쳹
Ĳҽ֮Уȴ޷ڸǵıߺǿҵ裡
õһ洫ӣȻĻ֫鴤˭Ҳ޷ܵġ
Χǿ̲סĴһ£ǳ鴤˫ĿԲһУ޷󵽣ͷ·ǼһԼǰ޵Ķħڽһ㡣
ֹ죬Կݡ
ݣ
̫ˣ
һþֶΰ
սħ̲סĸ̾
һȭһţƼ򵥣ʵ̲޾֮дſµϢֱе
ԺûǲҪһ
ţħ̲סĴһǷ·һһ֪Ҷŭֱǲ˰
Ȼڳûֱӵ˵ȴҲ֪һһߵ档
վˣĵӡ
в洫ĵӡ
ֻЩˣҪôһ֮ϵһ㣬Ҫôǲǰ
һΪ˸߰Ϊʵǿᣬ۽缫ߣ֮ҲһߣԵ£ĲŷµǿҲǲ١
ܿЩ洫ĵӱȻ뿪Ȼֻ֮
ȻҶҲǵ˲֮ˡ
һϾ洫ĵӣƿ֪ˣԼһȴȥֵĻ˵û˵ܲٵĳͽġ

ڵһò׵ĴסһĻᣬϵĻħ޻Ȼı
룡
Ҷŭȵ
һƵѪɢϵʥŻصơ
ħ֮͵ĳ֡
֫βڶţħޱߵϹͷš
䡭
ǿֲĻʱٴνԷĻħ޻֧飬öԷϢٴһҡ
Ҷ졭㲻ú洫ĵӣԵĻΪһи۵ģ

ҶһȭȥԷһݴĶУѪɶǳѪţħ̲֮סĿʼţ۷Ź⡣
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̲סֹһ
Ҫң֮˵ɣ
Ҷĺ
һǿᣬԻħںϵȻԼֲ֮ǿԵҶƽġ
ǿĽ˵ĻˣһȻϢ·ȴѪ棬ֻҪǸ˿ϢĻᣬԵĿٴεĸ
ҵѺˣ˭Ҳܹ˺˭Ҳûʸ˺һ㷸ҵļɻ䣡
Ҷ˫Ŀ񣬴˿˿ĵ˸֮߳У·Ҫһ궼Ҫһ㡣
õ洫ӣֻһֻϣͼۣҶ죬ˣ
ڴڡ
һ־ҲǳҶ
Ǿʱһȴ¶һĨЦݣ
Ҷ죬ɹˣɹҷŭˣ޷ǵĿֶΣˣ
ܴһһʷǰ裬ʷӡĹһһع鵽ΪһЦ޷Ҳ޷Ͽɵģ
Σ
ҶȻվ˿ûһۡ

һûȥֱӵ³֡
һɿֲϢȴٴεĳϣоһϵĿֲϢҶɫ̲סһ䡣
Ϣǿ̶ȾȻǱԭһƻҪֲ;ˡ
һɻɫȻǿգǿ߸о˲ǿᵽһ޷ǿѹ
һĺţħг֡
ˣһѲɻֶ𣿡
ţħ̲סٴοһԼţޣݺݵ˵
սħԴӵõ˵زصһִ֮Ϣϱ쳣ǿţħĶȴҲ̲סһҪţĳ嶯
㻹ܹ𣿡
ҹʮҲһߵĿѾģӵ˵
ĵԼţޣţħ޳ܵһһȡơ

ڵ߶˼µɫţָ
ѹ
֣·Ƕǿһˡ
ҵɫ䣬̲סĳź˺˲١
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ǡǡ
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źصļУԴ¶ûбڸסȻ٣ȴԿһԹ˫ĿڷͷųԼа
Ļħޣǻħ޵ħ꣬ħ꣬һڣȻŻħ޵ħꣿ
սħҲ̲סĻ
Χǿߣкܶʷļأ֮Ҳ̲ס¶˾͵ӵɫ
ħ޵ħ꣬һôŻħ޵ħꣿǲܵ鰡
ǿ󾪣ë𣬷䣬оһ˫а۾ƺԼһ㣬аҪһг׵ĸǺƻһۣо۾·ҪǸɵһ

һ͵ʩչ˼£ȻѸٵ𿪡
Ҷɫ΢˦𣬽Լƿ֮ϣؿһɫӰȴԵľ
飬֮еһʶˡ
˭ĻĺܣСĵĺܡ
һСĪĻԵ֮ͻħںһ
һں֮ħ޽һΪħ޵ħ꽫ʧ
һָûһ޵Ī˺޵ȻһĪĻԵʵϣӦħܵشŻһռ˱˵ġ
ǧضѰҵĪԵ
ڿԵĲˣ
һﾹȻħ޵ħһֱӡԼڣ
̫ˡ
һƿزʹŻħ޵ħٴεѣռ˺ͻһֽһס
ôֱ
ͷųԼħ꣬ҪֲһСģٲ
ĳһһȷʵǴƴһսˣҲǿģȻһССĴ첻СӣֱĪ谡
СӿǺ˰
ǰǸΪҶСˣħ޵ħ꣬Ȼȫʢʱڵľ磬ȴҲ϶ԱԭһҪǿģնɱҶ죬ֱǺնɱݽû˿
ǿϵð
Ҷ졭ˣҪڶ裡


1463 ħʧܣ
Ҷ˫Ŀ𣬷·绮һ㣬˷
֮£ž
еǿߣ޲оԼϴ̹ǵϢƲϡ
ħ޵ħ갡ɲħ֮еЩħħ꣬Էĵȼߵľ죡
һӰ֣Ŀʼĵز
·նصĴħһ㣬Ȼ̬ƣ㹻ǿΪ֮գ
ħⱾǺ֮ӵû˵ħ޵ħ껹˵̬ڳģһʱԷĳ֣ȻǿնʼĲ
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Է̬׳˼£һħ𣬷·һħԼϻһ㡣

Ĳҽʱĳ֡
ʮλǿ·ǧâնһѪɽ˲䣡
Сģǻħ޵ͷŻħ磡
ڵķһ㡣
Ƿħ꣬װʲôװ
ţħϵţ̤棬ش֧顣
һﱾħ̥˲õħһɳħ޶˿ĲСһȻĺܣȴ̲סĲһǿս⡣
Ȼһﲻǰ׳գҲ֪ԼǶԷĶֻ֣ڲϵħϽıҶʰ

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һϴ޾ɷȻΪݱˣ˵©ȴûκεһ˵ȥǺͳЦǺڰĻħħ꣬ѾʸʶλǿˣڳǿȻǿƥħĪܣȴҲ׵
Ҷ΢΢ĲһϵѪˮû˿ı飬ȴޱȵ𾪡
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νĹǿ߸ӵĿ£Ѿľݡҡʥȼˡ
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ħ֮ͬǰ㣬һֹϵ󷨣ڸġ
ݻǿĳ̶ȣǿԽӡס

һͷħ꣬Ѿη壬ֱӵƿħ꣬ǿеĳҶնɱ

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ǵĿֻһħ꣡

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ֶΣǴ̫žǿҲ޷ֿЩǿߣǿĽҲֻܹܣ޷Ӳƴġ
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ÿһεս֣һƺǶڽ̲סĸ̾һʾ˵˼¡
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Ҷ˫Ŀ΢΢ʱڲȴӿһɲϢϢǿ˫·Ǵһǿ֮س


1464 ƽ֮
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һȻվϴӺԹı顣

ħȭӶȻʮĿ񳱣·Ҫǿնѹһ㣬ÿһεĶĸоǿ֮ϣ۳ﵽһô˵ĵزϡ
ΪǿҲʹΧĿռ俪ʼԽ
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ٴεӿһ˿ûиҶѡ񷴿ĻᣬħӰӰ˸ٴĳ֡
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ħ޵ħǷ˿ԵֿסģһȻķ˴ԪȴҲԽҶնɱġ
ħͷųǴﵽһʵʣǿնħ֮УϧһҶˣ
սħҹʮɫ쳣ԭȥʵʰȻڿɽ˲䣬ǿеѹסǵ壬޷ǰ

Ѫɣ
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ǿҵľʹ֮£һڷžӨ⻪Ѫ˳
һɺɢߵһԹħۡ
ħ꾹ȻƶᣬĻɱҶ죡

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·Ҫеŭ𳹵׵ȼմһ㡣
ħꡭħꡭȵȣ
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ħꡢܵϵٴʩչͨתԼؼҶľ
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ħꡭɪʱҲ̫˵㣡
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1465 ׻
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εǿ󣬵վĻ޷Լıʡ
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ҶҲ뵽εȥӦһ
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޾ѪǿߣЩǿÿһλʵҶҪǿĶࡣ
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һѾӽˣͷųԼĻħħ꣬ȻûнҶ㶨εܹܵ
һΩһѹң
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ҶȻվУ·һվʧߵϣףЦֹ


1466 谭
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ߵսҲڳǿĴһ£ײеֶΣʵ̫Ŀˡ
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ü˸ʥӤԦ̫ʮѪٵ˶ԷС
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⾧Ө磬·Ǿһ㣬ֳ˸Ϊĵĵطһö֮даĹ
УûκεķӦ
ҶҪĶħ޵ΪĵĲ֣ʧȥħʱûеֿ֮ʥӤһĽʱСĶٻ˹ȥ
ҵΪ߱Ч˽ʱʸ񣬶ħȴҲǵ֮УӵŻħֻҪСĵĴʹ߱ͶԷ໥ںϣӶҵĿռ֮øǿģ֮Ч
Ҷ૵
漴ĿʼٻԼĵڶ
Ȼ߱ڼ˻ħ޵ĺ֮Ѫ֮еϲҲݳ
ѸٵĽһȥ
ۡ
һһѪоˣԼͻħ֮һ˿ϧҲ׵ʧˡ
ƾεʩչȴҲ޷оһ˿һĻħϢ
Ҷ졭
Ľǿ̲סΪ֮ü
֪Σһķˣ
㡭ɣ
Ҷ쿴һﻺ˵һֻɢϢĳŶԷӡȥ
ߡС㲻Լ̫˵𣿡
һͻȻĴݳһǿԵǾþλŻγɵ̬


1467 ͱ죡
ƺƵݰ˷
ص䣬һӰ֣·һؽҶΧС
ЩӰ·Ǹħһŷŭ⣬мĲˣ̲סĸ̾еľ˺Ϳֲ
ӿ
еǿ޲оһɾڷӿؼķһ㣬ʼϮ
־
⾹Ȼֻһƿµ־
Ҷɫ΢΢һ䣡
ȻеĲ²⻹ǳΪʵһıȻڷ
͡
һ޴ӰγɣӰģҶͷϣ·ĮĿԼĳӣڿһֻһ㡣
Ҷ졭ôĵӣ
·ſµĴ֮Ҷ˲ĸоһҪĸо

ԷȻҪԼ
Ҷ˫Ŀ𣬺â׵һ㣬գ֮Уһɲ־Ϳµս⿪ʼȻй
ʮʮսѪʱ򷢻á
䡭
޴սӰس֮ϣ˿δӣǰӰ
˭
Ҷĺȵ
ģһﾹȻһǿߵʶڷһΣ֮ˡ
ҹʮﻺؿ˵˫Ŀâ
ӿǱȽ鷳ˣ죬ҪɱһĻƱػĪֻĻſµĺ
洫ĵӣɱɱģ洫ҲͰˣһԵȥƽ̵ӵȻڱǿ֧֣
¸СӵʵôǿֻҪԸĻѵǿţѡʱģ
ţħм˵
仰ҹʮͶսħĹ
Ҷʵ̫Ŀˣʸǳ˳˵󣬵Դ첻ľͿԺʹ̫žǿ߽а壬ѾѰ˿ӵеĳ̶ˣ˵ԸĻȷʵʱĶԳΪһƿؼġ
ʦ𡭡
һ¶˼֮ɫĽ
Էݣ˲Ҷüͷ
һʦҶļ֮УҲֻ˵Ŵһλǿߣʵ͵λǿհ׵ȴû뵽һﾹȻһһػӡǡ
һҲĳһʦ𣬶һǺεȵ۰
̫һӣһʦҶ죬ſҵĵӣȻȺķ䣬û㽫еԼ޷ܵ鷳
̫һӵĻǵȻȴɭĺܣǴ㽫ҶȾͷҴϣ·Ҷһֻϣû˿ɱһ㡣
̫һӵһϰһӡǣΪıܹػԼĵӡ
ȴû뵽ǣһεһȻ˴ӣһʲôȴҲ̲סĶŭ
ʦС֣ϵĻħ޸׵Ķˣ
һĽеԹı飬·ҪҶӣӡԼУԶĳͽһ㡣
һ̫һӵϢҲ̲סıñ쳣
һɿµɱ֮·ǽԲǧķΧסһ㡣
ǿߣһѣһ︴գ
ԷԵһλľݡ֮ǿ˿ĿϹ
ͷ㲻õõĶڵϿҵӵԭ£
û˿أǣҶ죬֮Եɶ˿Ĳȥѯʣ
оԷݳĿֲϢҶжʱһȴ˵Цݣ
ƾʲô
һ·һص־ϯһ㣬ӿޱȵĽǿû
ţˣ
ţ˰
һʦ̫һӣȻܶ˲֪ݣǵƣȴѾʵˣҶֿµǿߣȻû˿⣬ǿԺͶԷ⣬һݶѾѰ˿ȥˡ
Сӡ˵ʲô
̫һӷ·ûҶĻٴεʵ
󣬶ԷӰ棬һƵĹϢϢһ㣬棬ضʼһֲ̬
ƶӰĹ⻪Ӱƣ
ȻػӡϣľҲӦ֪ΪƿأȻ֪޹ʵȥɱԼͬŵˣһֶôĵ飬Уҵʵ;һҪ͵ö࣬Է֮սȻѾˣΪʲôȥֹڿԼĵӳԿˣȴѡػ㡭в𣡣
֣·ըһ㣬Ĵݳ
ķݵԶĵط
̫һϵǿߣϵʷ֮УҲһˣԴӴﵽϵƿ֮󣬳Լӵ֮⣬Ҳȥˣȴû뵽ԼȻᱻҶСѵ⣬Ǻεȵ裡
ֱ˷
һ
ǿһľ㵣޷ŵĽ
ȻҺµǿ߶Կ̫һӰ̫һϵĴǿߣʵ޵мնɱնɱݽû˿
Сӣ첻µز£ѹֻѡһԿʵϣһУһƨ㲻ϰ
ţħߣԼţޣݺݵţϴ˷ܵɫ
Сӣ˵ĺð䣬ţүү㣬սɧ꣬Ѿģ
ĻʱöսħˣѸٵĳһʵһҲʶѾġ飡

ݣ̫һӵԽԽԶԽԽһɿµȻı˳
ܺãҶ죬㾹Ȼ㵨ʵĺܺãȴҪ֪ĺܣƢߵˣ޾鷳ģ
Ҷ˫Ŀ𣬺â磺
в𣿡
һƵʥչֳսӰͷųޱߵս⣬ʱ൱ԷȻǿĺܣһ־ԼǿԶԿġ
̫һޱȵһȻĺһʦͽϵǲͰԵֱ̬һģӿ̳ġ
ҶԼڣǲɱһ˺Ҳ밲ˡ
㵱ʧĻߡ
Ѿʼƻ
˵㽫ĸ룬вҲδɣ
̫һӵ棬һƵĹ⻪øӵҫ
ð
ҶЦһ漴Ľһ

һӵĽӵ˶Էǰ
Ҷ졭ˣ
Ҷƿص˲䣬һ¶ޱȵӣĺ
̬û˿ͺڵĿܡ
ߡ
̫һҲ˵ߣɱŷ
Ǿʱһ˶޷뵽ȴˣҶ쾹ȻԼƣﵭĺȵ
ǲģ

̫һӵڵı仯

һɿµı֣һըˣ
ǿֲŤѪӣƮ
ˣ
еˣĵһӰдһԵĽе
һͱˣ


1468 ɢ
һҶ쵱̫һӵ泹׵նɱˣ
Ҫһô˵ֶκֱ޼ɵһﳹ׵ļŭ̫һӣͱ찡
еˣ̲סıǰһиˣĲ֪ȴһ㣬̫һӻ̵ԸǾġ
ȻһӴ·Ҫְħ֮һ㣬ͷ˳
ֿµǿǸоԼͷƤڿʼ飬ⶼڲ
ħħ
ֲƣ𵴣֮ϵĵӰǻʵһĿʼչֳ漴Ұǿա
Ϊ׵̫һӵӰ̧ԼһֻźݺݵسҶ̤ȥ
Ҷ졭
쳹ʡ
Ҷħµɺ죬·ǿµһ㣬ͷųԼ͵
̫һӣĵɱҵѺͬţҲϵĸ鷳㲻ȥ׷Σһζ̻ƿؼҲ˼ҳ֣ȻԼĵһ㣬һ·Ļɫ

һţ
̫һڵĿʼˡ
Ȼֻһ־ȴע˶Էǿ
ͷų̫һӵһ
ʩչƵµ棬ɽӣ
䡭
޴Ӱͷţǳһͷų
Ҷ첻ܣϸ˵ڵûܵ뷨
־̲ʮʮսѪǿս͹ϵġսӡʹȥηһУ漴սӰ·ǸоҶ̲صսһ㣬Ȼ͵̧ԼֱָۣȭĳŶԷһֻŴȥ

ȭཻ
һɼ˿ֲʱɢ
ΧʮķΧ֮еĴڣȫıУǹϵĲǼӲɽʯıĻ촷ۡ
ʵ޴Ľ棬Ľ档
Ľȴڳǿߣ̲סĴ۾
һλʢŭ֮µĹǿߣҶֻǼٵĵľ룬սӰվﵹ˰벽ʢŭ֮µ̫һӰȻ˺һľ롣
ôܣ
оԼ־֮УȻһĸо̫һӵ̲סĽг

ҶЦǿսѪڵ𽥵ĸоеǿᡣ
սѪʩչս󣬾Բ̫һ󵽵ģֻЩϵŻ֪ѪĴ̲صôĿֲ
ԷȽϣҶڿϲ֮УӵĻСġ
Ȼ֪ԼһοǴﵽһߵĳ̶ˣȴӵ̫һʩչҲֻȫʢһɳ̶Ȱˣ˵٣Լ֮Կ
ڵңõħ޵ĺģ߶֮߱ںϣڵңﵽĳ̶ȣԵĿԴʱգʱһ⣬ǿԴ߶ڶ뿪һŰ˲ͼð
̫һӵȻģȴĲһ˿Ĺâ˫ĿͷţֲӰڲϵıӶķɢؼԪײγ˵
ѹֿԻɱϷĵӣҶ죬ʵȷʵľʵĲϣ˵ľѧ⣬м죬ڿؼȻľѧħľѧһλħߣģ㾹Ȼ֮УǶ裬ϷվҪ򣬽С֣׵Ļɱ
̫һӵĻȥ˺Ȼ֮ʵϣڳǿÿһλǴ֮ǲɵӣȻеè壬ԷֻһɱҶɣһԷڵɡ
κΣɣ¸ĲҶκεһ˳
˵˵ĹûʣΪ֮еǿţĳҲˣ
ǰż˵֪ĻԵĻᱻλƿǸģǺãȻѡѹʵ˺İ
ߣЩ꣬ȻΪϵ͸ĴУ˺ܶżӣȴ£ĳ򲻷ϲŹء
̫ˣֲٵɣǸ϶ܹ
ţħڵĽԼţ޸һţۣȴϵΧǿڲѰƯŮˡ
ѾǷı飬ʱöսħҹʮߣģĺ˳ţ⣡
̫һԹҶû˿⣬նɱһʱ̣Ѿ˼ԺˣԵģĸ߲ǲ׵Ľġ

ҶԺУȻĶһ䡣
ڶһħ޺֮õļ䡣
ֹʥ
֣ҶȻ֪ġ
ʥ֮УԼֹʥһ
һｫһΪϾͷŵԼӦõĽ֮С
û뵽û뵽ֹʥ֮ѭڳ
ҶЦֹ˵
ֹʥʵҲǴ첻𾳵ΪѣҶȻķ֣еʱƺǲ˺ܶࡣ
Լõ֮Ѫû뵽ǲϾҲ˺һսһʱ䣬ԼԵļˣ˵ֹʥѾϾ뵽֮Ѫ֮С
ôĹѪֹʥȻһĸףҸʱϵƣֹʥѾǴ첻𾳵Ϊˣڵľ¸ߵˣȻһ֪Լ׵Ϊѹ˵̫һӻӶԷоȻϵֹʥҵ˵ģ֮һ㸶۵ģȻѭӦˬһΣ˶ӣ֤һ㣡
ЦֹҶ˫ĿҲ漴ĳ̫һӿ˹ȥ
֮УȻ˵ĲɹţǷֿҲգ
¡¡
ٴεĺɱ
ԵһѾʼ÷
Ȼֻһ־ȴעɱĽۣѸٵƶ
ͷųâ²ϣһĽ֮磬ҶƺƵΧ
Ȼ϶˵ҵǰ˵ãһẦ£һ־ǹעҺΣ
ƵҶȻγһɿµϢ
ݻƣǿֲϢ̫һӶ̲סһ
ռ䡭ǿռ
֪̫ˣ
Ҷ֮дᣬſµɱͲпϢ

·̲ؼʥּҶŭʱһĻɬ·Ǳһֿµĸסһ̫һӼӵͨڴʱȴҲǿеƿ
ս񡪡ɱ
͡
᳤磬սӰ趯ǹǿս˲񷣬ϵĿռ֮ǰһжޣ
䡭
Ҷ졭ںԿϷģԵ޷ӳϷƣˣ
̲޾ŭĺݳȥһ޴Ӱȴʧ


1469 
ս
еǿߣûдһս֮ѹһеһУƺԵ̫ĹˣԽܣ޷ȥܣҶ첻ǿһɱˣǵʦ̫һӵ棬ɱˣֶΣ˾ޱȡ
ӰƲۣСǾһӰһµĴǿߣ˵棬Ļ˲䣬ǳĬˡ
κεһ˶޷Сļһ
һļһ
е˶
𡭡
ĺ
ϵĳۣϵķ쪵ķ첻ڶ
һ̣Ҷеŭͷ񣬳׵ĵõͷš
Ŀʸʶǿߣ
һΣֹսϵʤĵһʤ
һԺӵĿµġ
һҶϣһʥϢҶ죬ţħ̲סСֹ
һֻӸǲϵţϾĸš
һ̣µĹ⻪ȴ·֮ıһݺݵسţħǿֲĹâʱţħһ£漴ţӷɿĽԼţ޸¡
սħҹʮݺݵرһӲĻ쵰
ʵ˵۵ĺܡ
ˡţ
в޶
ˣҶһս漴ĻĴȴѾͨǿ߿ʼķݣܿҶѾΪǿ׷ѰǳΪǿԾԾԵҪȥսĿꡣ
ǿߣȴҶ֣һʰĴڣǿеԼĵӺǣҪȥ̬ʮļһ
ǿߣ
䲻ȴ˵ӵ£ǿߵĸ
ħ֮ʱƽޣ׷׵Ŀʼڴ
Ҷһˣʱȴ໥͵ĺܣǿȥѰȴûټ
ǲɷϵǣʱҶѾΪһħ֮ս֮еĽ㡣
İġ
һ˽Ҫ۵ݳʮǷ⣬Ѱȥֻһһɽ棬ĳſ⡣
Ϊ׵һˣڵϣϵһڴ棬ѻϲһֻ֣ǽһİ¹棬ͿĨϣ漴ķڲտš
˵ݵ˷ȴûκε
һֻһ׸׳ĺɫţħڲϵ˺ҧһ¹ȣÿһڣ㷢ĸ̾ӣ·Ƕضһ
ѾʮǷӣһļˣ̲ס¶һкߣݺݵؿԼǰֻʣ˼ͷĿ⡣
һˣҶˣһ࣬ͬţҲ
ҶʵʹʱȻҪѰҼˣǲҪķѶġ
ţħһţۣϵسˮ֮ѩˮ֮ĽѰʲôʱ¶˵ɫ
椡
ţħȻĴܵˮ֮ѩǰǱ˪̲סĴ˵
椡
ƺʱˮ֮ѩһΡ
Դŭ̬ȻȻ󣬿ȴҲһֺ⣺
ţħҵʦã
Ҷ˵
Ҷǿߣţħڿǲȥ׵ǣԼĳƿأڵļһʵȻҲģȻţħڵʵʤ̫žǿߣţħȴɿԸоҶ棬۵ԵһǧĽңţħΪҶйϵĹͨȻ֪һﻹкöľѧûʩչ
̲סĴһ£ţħûĵһҶ죺
үֻѰһϵȤѣָ椡Ըү𣿴үһΪҸŮˡ
ˮ֮ѩţħ̲ס˵
ǻĺܣȥţħӣǿԱԵס
ˮ֮ѩһ糺졣
ۡ
˷׷׵緹
Ȼܿˮ֮ѩʼɺתΪˣ

һ߷ɫţ

ˮ֮ѩɲǳصģһ߳νǿĺܡ
¡¡
ţħƤһӵײ˶ɽ桭
԰ɣܿħ֮ҪˣǾͿԻȥˡ
ҶЦ˵
һɫʱ΢΢һ䣺
죬һΣ鷳ǲС̫һһλƿأƿ֮׼նɱһӵǿǰɨӣ£ȥ֮󣬲С
˵ʱˮ֮ѩҲ̲ס̧еĿҶ졣
ǺҶ֮Ի˵ķŭ̶ܴҲΪǣΪһλʦܣҶԵĲ˷ģ뵽Щǵб̲סĿʼ
޷
Ҷ΢΢İ֡
УһССˣǿգһȺʱޣΪɵߣ֮УԪĺܣССҲֻ֮һСûжٵʵԶǰ̣
սħм˵
ڣڵҪöࡣ
ȷʵ
Ҷͷ˵
ʦ̫֡Сˡ
ˮ̲֮ס¶Ǹɫ˵
Ҷ΢΢İ˰˵
ⲻǵԭǵʦ֣ӦõģҶˣʲôʸΪǵʦ֣
˵ʱ¶˿˿˵
ңħ֮֮еΪҲ͸ˣ߲ƿأΪԼĵӻǺ·ǰΪڻҵģЩССŵӣŵӸӵĲпᣬţûгͷ֮գȥεǿ󣬵ҲԵĲҪıӻ֮أ˵ĸ߲㣬Ҫ˺ˣҶҲûʲôµģҼȸɱһͲңɷһӣкξµģ
žžž˵ĺã
һ
ţħɽʯ֮У̽Դ
һֻСٴһӴ
Ҷȴûģһâһ࿴ȥ
֮⣬һˣ￴ǡ
Ϊ׵һˣһλӡ
һӵۣȻ꣬Ƿ̬ȴһ˲Ŀʼ¶۷ɫ
һϴſµϢȻڸǵĺܺãҶڵʵǼȡһĻħ޺֮ƿأøȶ֮ҲˮǴߣﵽһ൱ǿĵز
һ㿴˶Էʵﵽ˴̫žΪ
ΪѾԺ͹Щǿһˡ
˭
Ҷ첻źۼĳʹ˸ɫ
ߵʵǷһ߳ϵǳĲʵʣϿһ磬Ĳ֮ϵһУڷĳ־޴ı仯
лƣڵ
ӵԴ֮ɫĶҶ˵


1470 ֣
ڣ
һϵţ֮УҲǹϵĺܡ
ȻڵʵȴǿһڵлƵϱԿһ㡣
ʵȻǿᣬȴҲֻǴﵽ˴̫žľѣȻһҪǿǱ̫һȴܶࡣ
ʵȴҲѾļˣڵʵҲǿɼһˡ
𣿡
ҶζĿŶԷؿ˵
һܹҵԼˣҲһ򵥵飬ӶԿ϶ǣһʲôҪԼ֡
Ȼһɷǵ̬ҶȴĲ޵
ŮˣʵȴһĺħŮ
˵ʵʱ򣬸ﲻʲôæȻСһ䱸ʱ̬ܵǺΪ׸ġ
Ҷ֮ʱħ֮źܿҲΪչֽŵĵطڵ㣬ҪŵĽŵĳͽ䣬ɱһλ洫ĵӣ޵棬ı̫һӷȻ뿪һеһУںһĻҲԼڵĴ
Ҷ΢΢ĵ˵ͷ
Σ
ǵȻ̬˿˲䣬лһַĳ嶯оͺԼʩչȫȥһȭһȭȴԼ޻һ㣬û˿ƻʵʡ
죬һţһţٸֻ꣬Ҫǧʱ䣬ͿԳΪһסƿأֻҪԸĻлƾԵĿԱ֤İȫΪһĿܣ˲Ϊʵ֮Ҳһϯ֮أΪеĸ߲㣡
л٩٩̸ӣҶϻ¶һĨЦЦı鿴ŶԷ
ô㲻ţ
лƵɫЩѿ
ôĶԱҶ죬ѾڷΣҶļֵȻСʸ񣬾ԵĿѹסԷһˡ
ûСֻǺ棬Ҳ˵ǣƺǻûôҪ˵ػˣҳΣյһ˲䣬ǶܵҪԶжԶǡʶƾʲôң
Ҷ˫ĿЦЦĿŶԷͫ׵ȴһƬı䡣
Ǻǡһ㣬㻳ҲǿеģϷȴҪ㣬һвһЦȻȥۣȴҲӵ޷ǿֻҪԺǺѵĻ㡭
Ҷ˫Ŀ΢΢üͷ֮дһֵĺ棺
޹»˵ô࣬²ֻΪ˺Һɣ
Ҷ֮дһֿ϶
ֱֱڸһоԵĲԷ˵ô򵥣п϶顣
ܼ򵥣õľеľˮľˮϷ˵Ī棬ϣܹĻҵĺҲøӵȶû飬ǾͲҿԱ֤˵ˡ
лƺţҶԵĶԼ˵ĶʾϿɵġ
Ѿ˵ܶǿߣûκεһ˿ӳƿأһš
ľˮ˫뵽ľˮлƵб̲סһֳ嶯ǿĳ嶯
ľˮ
Ҷüͷ΢΢һ磬ڳ˻ûп˲䣬Ѿ˼ǧ
ľˮϢļȵأǼһ뵽ħ֮⣬ûм֪ˣϵǿ߽ˣµǿӦò֪ѶϢ
ΪһһսҲѾǿ߿ʼƺҲԴеõٵѶϢġ
뵽Щ֮ҶаԵľ
ڣľˮɣҿԱһƽ
лƵ˵
ž
΢һֻѾҶ˹ȥ
ɣ
ȻȥҶѡ񣬵ʢ˵̬ԼĿʼҶ
ľˮ𣿡
ҶٴεķһĨ⡣
ľˮѾľ֮УҲҪ˵òľˮõó챦εĻ͸лơ
Ƿһ˿⣺
ľˮûУ
Ҷ˵
ûУ
лƵɫ΢ܿıѿʵޱȵǿᣬеŭ⿪ʼŷʱϣ⻪˸ɽӰƿʼ㱬
Ҷ졭ˣ𣿡
֮У貵Ĺâ·µ׽ͷųĺ⣬Ҷȥ
ѹ䣬ʼΧѹ
˵Ĳˣ·һĺɫڵһ㣬ɱͿֲͬҪȥһ㡣
͡

ҶĽŲȻ̤
ʱʯ쾪Ʒӿ
һ޴սӰѾվУһµǹε˶Է̬лֻҪһԵһ춯ӭӵıҶĽ
֮ϣʢĹ⻪˰죬һֿɲɱ֮
ǲҪȥʩչҶʩչѾ㹻ĺͶԷԿˡ
ķǳ
ǹ裡
ߵƷĽ֯һ
֮Ѿʼڻıŷ֮ϲ˵µ
ߡҪ
лƵ̲סһϵٴεһµĲΡ
䡭
սħҹʮ졢ţħĳ
ߺҶںһţħһ޴ħţ󣬷·һ㣬Ǿ޴ţӲϵһٶΧնڿʼѡ
ֲƾȻ˿ĲκεһˣǸӵײС
ƴޱߵħ⣬·ǽߣʱ̵ľҪ
лƵɫ΢䣬û뵽Ҷ߻һµļһǿʵԵĲһħޡ
ڿʼʱлƻֻǽţħһֻħѡ
ȴ֪ţħȥġ
ܺá
ݺݵЦһлƵĲ˵
漴ٴؿҶһۣת뿪
һΣϵĽ棬ûռٵıˣţħһϵƱҶ춼Ҫֲս³ѰĿ£һսĻƱػᱩ¶СĽл˵һ£ֻܹ
ޡʲô⣡
ţħмӿ˵

Ҷ΢΢³һ
Ȼ˵ڵ£Ǿħ֮رյʱ䣬ƺҲپԶˣΪ˷ҹζ࣬Сĵĺá
ʱ䣬ʧ
սڳȻҲֻСֶѣ󲿷ֵޣȴʼΧѰٱȴǴٴεĿ
¡¡
һգѣ
ʧ⣡
Ĺ·һĵطʼתĴͣٴεĿˣ
еˣҲʼԵѰ
ѰٵĶֻһҶ죡


1471 ǿ
һ·γɣǧ
ϼǧķƶ˷ݺĹ⻪˸죬·ͷų˼ѹѾõĿ
ǿĹ󣬱ΧκһҪ£Ҫǿᣡ
Ĺ󷨣ΪΪϵţѰ޷ĵط
ϵʷǿԼֲ̲أ
ǣϵ󷨣¶һĨļɵ֮ɫӿʼĳѸٵϵ֮С
ȴʱ䣬ڵĿ뿪ˣеĵ޲¶˽ٺЦݣһεʩչĻҲõˣȻģܹǿߣûһλߣҶջķᣡ
ߣ
Ҷ컺ؿ˵
죡
ʦ֣
ˮ֮ѩĽ
ǰطŭ߼ȴɻ󣬵ˮ֮ѩˮ֮ȴ˼亱Ĵϻ֮ˣܿҲӦ˹
ʦ֣Ҫһߣ
ˮ֮ѩˮ֮ᶨ˵
ǰ죬Ҫһߣˣôܹһ뿪
Ҷذ˰˵
ߣ͵
ϴŷŭɫ
Ҫһ˱ǿ谭Ǻ֮ˣ
Ƣ𱬵ĺܣҶɱ¾̫̫࣬һӣնɱһ־նɱһع֮Իܵ˵ѹƣǸᵼǿ谭
ʱǲһĻǾԵĲǵϵġ
ߣ
Ҷ˫Ŀµâ·ҪƲһ㣬ᶨȵ
ʱļ˵һĲӵıѹơ
䡭
ֵѹҶʱ˿ԱģҶʩչһ˼ˣѸٵĽ֣ͷŵ˹֮С
ʦ֣
Ҷ죡
ѾҪˡ
ǼĺĵӣֻҪǺԵĿԸһ¥ģסеŭҾ˳ʱ˼֮óķʽǺһ𣬲ȫ
Ҷ쵭˵
Ҷ졭ӣ
˫ĿɵùԲ˫ĿȴȾ˼ĹâˮĿʼ
뿪֮漴ģ˫ĿٴεĳŶսħҹʮ쿴ȥ
أΣ
ҹʮ΢΢Ķһ¼
ҵʥţţһ㲻죬ԵĻҵһ뵽ʶһ£õһţǺεȵǿᡭ
ȻҹʮҲǴ֮ˣ֪ҶȻܹ͸ǾԵĲġ
ӵûʲôطȥȵʱһġ
սħЦ˵
Ҷص˵ͷ
ţħһţ۴ĲҶ죺
Ĵ椶಻ࣿ
Ѿı飬Ҷǿ϶ĵ˵ͷ
ܶ࡭൱Ķ࡭
ţħԾԾԵ̬սħߵȴ¶һĨı顭
֮У
Ĺ⻪ϵ֮ͷųƴصǳǹ϶嫵Ĺ⻪ʼʳ
˵ǿâ·ʮأ޷ȥ׵Įӡ
һֱ貵Ĺ⻪˿˿ħͬһʵһ˫
֮ϣһĺɫڷıŷ
漴һµǿϢ֡
Ѻ۵棬һ޴ĹΧվӰ
Щÿһλĵӻ߸߲ƿء
ǿߣйϵߣĻÿһλصһ㣬ϵӿһǿϢ
öźĵӰ
ŵ޲̾Ŀһ˵
ӰӿȻкܶŵۼ
ǵʵѣҲûл뵽ħ֮ǿ·һĵطûмϲ뵽ġ
Уŵĺĵʲôѵ˵ûǻ洫ĵء
һлǰȽĲһµĶϵǿĵۣɵĹ⻪ִ֮д貵ĵâ·ʵһһ۶Ըоеַ˫
洫ӣʥ
˵һ˵
һһλµ洫ӣĴǿߺƿأҴ⣬Ŵϵ֮Ѿ뵽˵֮㣬һһĪһɿµĵư洫֮Уٮٮˡ
ߡ
һ߻Ĵݳһ־˵·һ㣬Ľ⣬Ȼ˲뵽֮С
ʱĽڴ̸۵ļλŵѪӿҪλֳ˿˿ѪȻܵصĴˡ
һӰ߶һɫװһ޽һ޽ĳ棬ŵأһµĺۼ
ؽ޷ɲ
һ۵˼µĽȴǿΪ֮Ŀ
Ǹղ̸۶ʥļλӣ¶˵ӵɫŵӵҲһľ
һħģôǵһ
λŵӵ¶˷ŭɫȴҲҽɫ¶
ħһµĽǿߣ洫ĵ֮Ҳٮٮߵţ˺ͶʥĪìܡ
ǰǼɱļһﰡһζȥħ
ЩŵĵӣǰҲ㲻ʲôģҿۼһ֮Уһʮλźĵӣһնɱ
λŵĵһص˵
ϣ


ʥħߵı
⡢⣬ı·ɿֲľһ㣬ܷͷ˳
ߣ洫ĵ֮жǿӵĲҪ˵ߵĶԿ֣˲֮УٵĿ֮ˣѾûѪȼգѪزѡ
洫ĵӣλ֮ϣһЩƿأǶ⡣
Щϵǿ֮⣬ܹǵҲֻ߲㣬ԼΪǿĵȼӡƽ̵ӣ
Щ洫ĵӣȴҲΪͷ۵ĿߵĽ棬ȻһĽѾһյʱˣҪȴҲ൱ѵģ
⡢⣬׷׵ıΧĵ޺ͽǣܵΪܣǵľѧ⾳޷߶ԿȻʱҲɴ˵תΪ໥ĶԿ
Կ൱ʹ࣡
ݡ
һӰȻĴ˲Ľ뵽ߵм䡣
ǿֲĵͽεȵľ죬һӰȴ˿Ĳ£һӡǳ֣ʱΧйһ۷壬·ײĴɽȻмһ͵ľһ㡣

һֱ
ȻöԵһλŮӵ
һ̣˾һĻˡ
ʥħ߾֮ϼѸٵһصĲ漴ⲻ˾㵵֮УӰٵķֿ
ߵԵĴһ˿ģƺǱʲôһ㡭
Ӱڲڴ֮Уʼ˳


1472 
ȣѩ£һ˿˿˶Կء
һĻƽϸĻֳ˺ȥĲ
Ϊ˵ȴϸ֫ͷ˵Σ
ӯӯ䲻һգȴ·֦ҡҷԣһ㡢Σȴ·Ǳһ㣬˿̲֮סһִ뷨뷨뵽꣬ʹ޷ȥ԰Ρ
һŮޣջһֵķ飬ֱһ˲
촽ӣ̲סĶӣһĪĳ嶯
ǰһ⣬ƣһĳ޷ڸסԷһۣеһɫĲƣһȴ¶â£ѩ˲Ծı㱻סˡ
һȣ޳ˣѩɫһ׺ɫ˿֮УһҰԵȻӣû˲ȥһ¡
һʮ
һ׵֮󣬽޵пʼĺ
ޱԶ־γ˫Ĵڣ־ӵһָ޵ĺꡣ
޵־Ȼ˵ĺܣڿŮ֮ȴ̲סһҪѹԼ£뷨
ȻܿĲ˱㷴Ӧ˹ڿŮ˵֮һѸٵ֣еȼҲʼһˮעһή
񣡣
һµ֣
ʥħ߶Ҫ
ۣ
ϵĴڣµսƿأ
ŮӺĻգ
ȴıԭգ֮ԡۡΪգ
ٶȣµ۷ʽħްսʽԼްĻָͿֲսκεһλ޷ȥƿغͶԿġ
洫ӣ
㲻Ҫ¡
ħ̲סĽе
оԼڣѪڷıȴҲڰԵľ䡢̬Ůˣʵٴεˡ
һԷۺɫʱ˲ŷ֣ǰµŮˣȻһĵƤŮȻ󣬵ȴȻǸһֺĵζ
ֻüǴ۾ʼ֣
衢ĹƨΪԸǵǵƨζ쵰սƨ
Ȼֻǰһ棬һĺۼԵĳ
ȻڳԶߵ棬޷ʳ
Ǳ뺷ĽоСåһŭ𣬴Լ׵գôһֹĸо
һŮ˲Ӧ˳ˮ
㡭
ħû뵽ȻΪԵʵһ֣ʱһֿЦõĸо
Űɣܿͻ˵ģ
仰ħǶʥߵ̲סһ£ƺǷĪֻһ㡣
仰ĳ֣Ҳ漴üλ洫ĵӿʼ¶һĨͬӣȻѾǵһˡ
ǵ񰡣Ȼ񣬵̬
˷˸̾ȻҲֻǷԼܹ
֮оһ漶
Ůˣ
˻Ҫˣ
κε˵ҳԵ飬ԵĿȥԡ
ţΪһŮ˾Ȼȥ¥Ϊһ˵ĸоȥ˲ֹһΣ
ƢŮһ㣬˱˽֮Ϊۣ
ܹ֮һʵȻҲǿ֪ġ
ʵ洫ĵ֮УҲеԤԹ񼴱ǳΪƽ̵Ӷˡ
һȴһգµգս֮飬ûжٵȤΨһܹȤҲǶڳԶΪˡ
ҵһ磬ƽ̵еҲʹţ˵ȥ
洫ĵ֮УǣǺҪܹ޵Ů˱˸ˣ

΢΢Ĳ
漴һɺɽǿѹѸٵĳΧͷ˳
˵̲סĳһĨ˵Ĳ
·Լ౻ݺݵһ¡
ɽ𣡣
ռƺǱ΢΢˺һ㣬һֺصĸо֮УŴݲеĲ
ֻһλĿൽµӣĴԶ
ǧ׵ľ룬ȴҲĸоֿ񱩵Ϣ

洫ĵ̲סг֣̲סĿʼԵĲ¡
ǶʥħȻ˵û̫쳣ϵļ⣬ȴԵĴһǿҵĶ
ȻһҲʮļɵ

һײеļһ
˳޷ĵزһλ洫ĵӣΪһβĽ漴Ĳս
ս֮УܣȻŶԷײнĽ洫ĵӸۿˡ
Ƕôֲ

Ľ
ǽСȻĳ׵ȥ
Ǻߵȴһ㶣ʱеˣǿ֮¶һĨεĲ
ԵһҲڵɵĺܣ
䡭
ʱ֮ϣһɹɿµϢ
Ϣ֮Уſֲƣ·ǵεһ㣬ΧĿ̶Ҵ¡
𣿲֪һεħ֮жٵĵٴεˡ
͡
ݡ
Ӱɵĳ
һλλƿص¶˿ĵɫȻҵԼĵӡ
ܹħ֮֮ɲһ򵥵飬Ȼûνļҳͻ໥ҲڰԵĽϾ
ˣ˻ϲǣٵƿأɫѿĺܡ
䡭
һλվţû˿ı飬ֻľƺ«ȴϵȥڵĹơ
ⲻƿأ񻹻˭
¡¡
һɾˮ֮ͷųһ޴漴ĿʼͷųһλԦֳꪣ

һ϶ʱ¶˼ɫ
Ȼһˣɿĳ
ǿֲƣ㹻λǿߺƿǵע⡣

ߵ֮ɫ΢΢һ
ϤӰƺûг
Ӱ׬ˣǸСӣȻôǿԵĲ򵥰
Сֹ

ƾŵļϣĵ˵ͷ
ʦ𡭡ˣ
˵


1473 谭
նɱһ
̫һӵһ־
̲סʧ
ϵıȻ쳣
ʦڸô죿
ıҲ࣬Ľʦ֮㹻ĿĳʱѾòעˡ
΢΢һ
һ飬̫ˣѰ˿ȥƵģģ洫ӣһʵ̫ˣȻ˵ɱ¾ĵӣѲɵΪ
ĻС˶ûȴ¶һĨŨɷȻȥޱº͵ļһʱҲŭ
洫ĵΣĵӣҲˣҲѪˣһ˿һ
˵ʱϺ¶޾İƺǾʲôһ㣬Ǳ鿪ʼԽ
𡭡
һŭ𣬴֮ϴݶ
һ޴Ӱ漴ɣռֵһ޴ķΧҫչֳϵĶ·ҪǴء
һӰһ޴ĹӰֳĹϢĹ⻪Ұ
ԵһλԵޡ
ħ֮֮п϶õĪĺô
˵΢΢һжϳеĸȻֻԵͷƬ̣һ̱ʧ
ֻһλž޴̰̬ΰӳһ棬֣УĹ⻪ʼųľˡ
һλǿ洫ӵˡ
ƿǣ׷׳һλ߿ȥ
һλߵϴʱѾֳ˼ı飬ȻһλĹϵǳӦǶԷĳʦ𡭡

ռըѣĳֳޱߵĺɫ
ٴεǿ޳С
졭һôûг֣
ɫ΢΢һ䣬̲סĽе
ϱŽɫ
ԵڵҶ죡
һŻ֣ÿһŻһλǿޣǵϴŽ͵ı飬һεħ֮֮ջǳ
ʱƣֵǿѾԽԽˡ
ֱ󣬰ʱʱŻˡ
ڣһʱʱȥ֮Ż֮УҲû˳ˡ
ȴʱ򣬲ٵɫ΢΢һ
Ҳ˲֪ħ֮֮еĺܶȴ֪ģһεħ֮֮Уһλµǿ߳ˡ
ѩɺ̬ӡǵС
Ҷ죡
һһĴڣǴȴûг
һλ߻سһɫĳۣȻȥۣȴһַ·ǿհ㣬ɬϢһֽΧĿռŤ˼֮󣬲Ϣ
Եһµļһ
ղʱ䣬ԷȻĻӶԼֱۣĿ˵
ʱѵرմʹ󣡡
һδ֣δħ֮֮䣬ճӦóֵģ
ǼԦ޵ӣ̲סĿ˵
˵ϴһΪֵ֮ˡ
Ҫˣʱ䵽ˣ޴Ĵÿһʱ䶼ṩΪ֧ţôʱˣĵ̫ˣֵãǴ͸óˣ
ʦֻûгҪرգʲô
ɫŷŭ⣬ĺȵ
أ·һ㣬
һ޴󻺻ɣϢΧͷų
ǿϢʱǿע⡣
Сӣʦ˭Ȼ˵Ĳ֪ѲɣϷ´ҪһСС˵𣿡
ߵɫŭĺǳۻӶʱһɿµϢȻΧʼŤ˼£
رգ
ᣬɣ
ž
ĺžƣⲽ˶Էǰȥû˿Ĳǵ֮ߵȴ΢΢һ䡣
ĵӣûг
һһٵĿŶԷ˵
㡭
̲סɫѿȥûг֣ʵϣȴ·ǿһ㣬˫վȴ·Ǹо棬Լǰǿȴ޵ĺܡ
໥ײʵиоһּɵͿ־塣
ߣΣѲɣҪȴһСķ޾ɣ
һͻȻЦ
лķƣǿһֲĲˡ
ɫۣ˫ͲģϵȴԵ޷ĮӣߵǰȻһӵŶԷ
壬ֻһ壬ûʸ˷ֻΪһˣض𣿡
ӵòӢһ۾ȴԵøһĸо
ĳ֣ٵ洫ӵɫ̲ס΢΢һ䣬¶ɫ
Ϊһλ洫ĵӣʵǿĺܣѾﵽ˴̫žһľ磬ΪݣԸֽĺܣΪԸȴ಻ΪܣƷĺܡ
洫ĵӣλߵĺܣķڶԷǰ
ɫ䣬վ˵
ĵӣûг֣ҪرϴͣҪҵĵأ
Ŀ˿ûԷ̬ȣϵȴȻı
ƱĺѸͣκεһ˶û뵽

ָӲľ
ѸٵǴĺġ
䡭
ʩչʱıһĲ
žžž
һϵıƳ֣ʱʼĹر
쵰
û뵽һﾹȻĵ˵ķԼ棬ӿٵĹر˴
Ҳ𣡣
˫Ŀ˲Ѫ
ϴſµɷĳŶԷȥ

ǻߴĺ
Եĺʶ֮ҲԵĴ˹ʶ
䡭
ϵȻںϣȻ緢˳
֮ˣǻ췴ɣ
λƿĺȵ
췴𣿡
ֱ֮ѵ
ε洫ӵĶ֣һεջȻСǾǴ̫žĪĲ࣬޷Է
¡¡
޴ĺɫѺۻرպ
ǿǿеվƺڷʲôһ㡣
ϱ飬һȻǶŭȭž죬һʼ
ҼǵòĻǸӦҶɡ
ͻȻЦ
˵üͷѸٵȻĸоˣһвֻżȻǶԷΪ֮ġ
飬Ѿ˵ˣ˵ĺãվһ˭˲õˣ
Ķ˵

ʱһµıȴݳԭֻʣ²âСĺɫѷ죬ʱȻ·ܵһħɽѹƵһ㣬ѿˡ
䡭
һӰ˸޾⻪һͷѩһɺ죬һ


1474 ս
ħħ
ϴ޾ƺ͹ϵϢ
ǣ
е̲סĳտ˹ȥ
Ҷ죬Ҷ죡
ǿֲƣɽ纣ǿ죡
ǿ洫ĵӶ̲ס¶һĨȵɫ
͡
â˫Ŀ֮ͷų
һֿµɱ⣬ɱڣҶĸӦ
˫Ŀħۣ֮˸ɺĹ⻪
ɺѪ
ɱȻıŷ
䣡
ҶһȭӶȻĳֹȥ
ǺεȵĴϻ֮ˣ໥̬ϣȻ޷˽⵽ȫ飬ȴҲԸоеĴŵģһѹסӣŭʱı
ӡȭ
ȭҶԴģдһӡ֣Ǵһֿµ̬һȭһӡ
ʮļӳ֣
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Ѫĳ棬ĿģĵϣѪȾ죬һɿµȭ⻹Χһɾ˵ѹȸС
ǺεȵȭȻȥ֮󣬻Խϵȭ
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С¶˿ĵɫһԷۺɫ˸˺һĽâƺͻԼһ㣬¶ĵӡ
㡭ôĵӣ㾹Ȼ֮˵ķ
ǻߵĺһ˫ĿſɲĹâ·ܵʲô̼һ㣬쳣
ټĿռ䣬ڿʼòϢˣʼҶ쿴˹ȥ

Ȼնɱ洫ĵӣˡ
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һӰ˸λƿĺȵ
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гʣʱһɱɱ֮ͷ˳
˭ڣ̵Ĺڵϣܳͽ䣬ûҪΪУ
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ڵİͲסĳ˳
¶Ļߣ߷ĺȵ
ϼһһʦ֣ʲô
ߡΣնɱĵӣȻͬڵĵӣӵһȣˣ

ĺȵ
˦ϵŤҪǰȥ
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ʱѾҶǿһ巢չȥҪǵѹҪõġ
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ʲôè壬ǿ˵죬Ҳ˵ȥġ
췴ˣ췴ˣ÷ôĵӣ֮оȻĴͬڲ˵ڻɱͬڵӣ˭Ǵ췴ˣ˰ۣ
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ʱɱݺᣬǿѡ˳֡
洫ĵӳףȻĲȥֵģȴҲڰеĽ䱸ţϾҲĵӡ
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ΧĿռ֮νɱ¾һ֣ɱһŵӡ
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һλŵӴĺȵֳһ޽նһӶĽγĺۼҶ˶С
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󵨣̫ˣСӣ㾹Ȼ˵ķѵҪΪвɣ־ܣˡ㣡
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ֻǾ޴֮Ѿһˣ֮ϣȴĳҶ쿴ȥ
ʱǱޱȣѲ˵ϻ˿˿Ѫ
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Цݣǿţħ˭
һһŽţ棬˵ţӻڲϵĲȰȣƺǲһ㣬ȵǽһ֡
Ǵʱȴһ񣬷ŭ
õ洫ӣڽ쾹Ȼܵ˵ĶԴֱɱҪܣ
ħħаħа
ٴεĺ
һﲻǴﵽ˴첻𾳾۷һλǿߣȻֻһλƿأȴСĺܣԵĺҶ죬ֻܹϵɿ˳֡
ߡ
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͡
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ߵɫ
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ҡ
һŭ𴫳
ڵ洫ĵӺĴǿ߿ȥˡ

ǻûеȵǳ֣ҶıӰ˸һ޴սʼıƽʥȻͷų˵֮ɫ˲һͷųޱߵ

Ҷʩչս˲䣬һĲȴ֮ͷų


1475 ִ
һߣҶûгĻѾǿԿ϶˶Էݡ
ħ֮Ĵ֮УĪֶΣҲһļƻ

˿ʼŭ
ϵϡ
洫ĵӳˡ
洫ĵӳ֣Ȼ쳣ʵ˫Ϊ̫ĻԲܵôףǱţħˡ
õһ꣬ҶȻ֪е˭һƻ˭Լ壡
뵽ħ֮㾹Ȼ壬
ŻߣҶ˫Ŀ磬˿û˲ӣΧݳѹһжûиı䡣
͡
أһ֮УҶâɢ˼ޣ漴γһ̬һ޴ĻֳһɫĻ
ˣ
֪ʱҶѾһµ񹭣
ƽչ
žžž
ΧĿռһĿ񱩲Χڷš
ʮף
ǧף
ף
һ
ʮ
ʮ
ٹ
ٹҶǿеռݺͰռ
еԪγһ̬
һ洫ĵӶ̲סıɫв̫žǿߡ
ǻƽչͻƽʥ޲ǿµںһ֮󣬲вϡ
ɱ
ޱߵĴɱ
ˡ
裬֣
֣֮
߱ϾǴ첻𾳾۷壬һߡ
ͣ
ط
ΪԼȡʱ䣡
ţһΣҶɱ֮ɵײѾ߲Ӧˡ

Ҷ쵭ĺȵ
һսȻͷų
սӡѪĲơ

ߵɫ䣬Ǵӡûȫʩչ˵Ѿ޷ˡ
һɿֲǷս⣬·˿籩һ㣬Χ
䡭
͡
ƽʥ˿ûԥֱӵû뵽֮ϣ
һģ

̣Ȼ漴ɢһɽɫȻը֮˲ľˡ

Ҳǿߵע⡣
һˣٵķֿ
ϴžȵɫҶĳ֣ȻΪ࣬ȴһϲɫȻҶĳɳʾΪĿġ
϶λάԼĵСаħޣޱħֲħΪаڰħĵѾΪһλаޣı࣬׵ĻˡǼάĻǺΪУ
һλƿشĺǳ
Ҷüͷ΢΢һΧΧһˣϵı൱ࡣ
˵֮˾Ȼ˵̬ѵŭ⻺
СӣףĻӭĽޱߵĳͽ䣬㵨ҺΪУǲȥˣ
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Ҷ̫аˡ
ľֻд첻ΪսȻԼľߵ̫̫ˡ
ˣȻЩ洫ĵΧҶΧȴûм˵Ҫȥ֣ǻߵĽ־һӡ
һʱĳ濪ʼЩŹ
ҶȻɵΧȴûκεһ˵ȥ֡
Ҳˡ
λƿаԵľȲѣԭԸǲ²𣬶ҵ͵ĺܣȴû뵽ΪȻ˵ǿᣬƿĳ֣Ȼûн񳹵׵ѹ
һǿ
һ糺֮ɫӣ֪Ůǣ̲סĿʼĿˣȴǴ̵õӵĿ¡
Ȥ𣿡
ǽ
ѵ㲻Ȥ𣿡
Ľ鴤ϵļȴ
һǿֲֲܿ
˵
ߡ
һߴ
ȻһĻ谵
һǿϢʼ
Ϣڣ䣬ռ䶼ʼ
Ĺ⻪˸ĺۼʼЩۼÿһŹӶʥζ·ؼӡһ㣬Ȼ޼Ѱȴַ·̲޾
ߡ
оϢĳ֣ٵĵӺƿ̲ס
ɫҲ仯쳣ǵСҲ΢΢üһͷɫ
ˣ
Сȴ㹻ϧҲֻ˵ˡ
ִߣ
ɫЩ
λƿǣȴ൱ģȻϢĳ֣Ԥʾһ˲õǿ߼ˡ
䡭
ռѣѸٵһӰ
һˣ߰λ
Ϊһˣ࣬ЦһɫڿҶ֮¶ޱɫӷ·ǿԼĳһ㡣
Ǵ˵ĳ֣ȴҶüͷڵĿʼ
ϷһĨЦݣ
̲ס𣡣
һĨᣬҶ˫ĿɵĳŶԷ˹ȥӭŶԷ˫Ŀɿµƣײһ𡭡


1476 죡
ռ̣
Ϣ裡
·֮䣬һеһﶼʼΧ
ֻɷڵ໥ײ
žžž
ײľ޴ΧĿռ䶼ڿʼž죬
У
Ϊ׵һˣֳֺɫۻӶ͵ĺȵ
ʱһĻ谵Ҷ˲оԼǰȻת˲ޱ䣬һжʼ仯εѹ֮мҵײߣ˼붼ʼı䡣
ԼΪƺһ˲ʱ̣ȫı߸ˡ
Ҹղŷ˲ˡĴҾȻ·ϣ޷һˣ
˼ʼеЩ뷨ÿһֶڳһµķչɵ뷨Ǵģ뷨ĳ֣ҶϢڿʼ
ֳֺɫӣ¶һĨЦݡ
У޿⣡Ψһ
Ҷ֮У޷ܾζɣ֮ͬµĹκε˶ȥΥ
ߡ
һȻĳ֡
öȴĳֿµѹƣһߵĳ֣Ҷҵ𶯣˲ĸоĲԾ
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̲סŭһ
ҶͬһöԲ˿ûκοԳС
䣡
һ޴ĺʼ֣֮ޱߵѹ·һһ㣬ֳֺɫɫ䣬æĽԼʼջء
͡
һɺ쿪ʼ˸˲֮УҶѾʼ
ü֮Уâʼ°̬һ̣ʥӤٴεĳ֣ʱʼŭС΢һӡǾҪǰ
ɱ
Ҷ쳹׵ŭˣԼȻڲ֪ܵһ
ֳֺɫ֮ˣԵ֮ѰǿΪҶʥӤں֮壬»һĵ

ŭһƼ򵥣ӵĶ쳹ȴͬǾ⣬ŭ
Ҷ²ûдһ￴ȥλǿ󣬵ʵϣҪǽԼϵģʱҶʥӤʼһӡ£˲˶Է壬ûа취ȥ
ң
ڼһеĺɫ޾޴ĳ̶ȣ漴ݻһµĵز
ʱģֲı
ۡ
͡
Ȼӡǵǰ໥ײ漴һѪʼ˺ѳΪΡ

ӵɫ˼£ƻӶʱһƬĿ
ߵִĳ֡

ţħһֻţӣݺݵسһλִ߳ȥ
ľ޴ħţſͣĺС
衭
Ĳ˿ʼɣÿһεĲˣʹһµϵĳ֣ģضڿʼðޱȣţǳ죬˫һֻţӸ̤ǳһִߵײеѹ˹ȥ
һʵѾﵽ˴̫žľ磬ΪԼǿ¶ħ̥ӵĿ£Ǵ̫žǿ߶֮Կһ
Ǳִߣɫ䣬ֻоΧĿռĹѣѪɣ鴤ϵĽǷž֮
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һΣһҪɱԷ
ƽչٴεı
ˣ
һŭȻĴ
֮Уʥ֣߳ݻ·
֮ϵӰֳ
Ӱ
һֳɫһֳɫ
Ӱˮ·ϵĵȻⲢ
ǵĳ֣ռȴ׵ıסˡ
˵ǿʵԵĿ𾪵¡
Ҷɫ䣬ϵĿռ֮ʩչǱһıָԭ
СӡҪˣǻ㴦ģ
һĲ֮У˿˿ɱ¾ѪζȻⲻһļһ
ǲ֪ΪʲôҶȴԸоԷԼûжٵĶ⡣
ִһˣȻҲ޷ȴһǿҵļɵ͵ӵĲ
ƺǶӰޱȵĺ¡
ÿµļһ
ţħȻ첻¡ز£ǴʱӰȴ̲ס¶˵ӵı飬Ȼ֪ӰݣѪϵĲȴݵһؾ档
㾯棬ûֻһԵľ棬ȴҲ˿Ķ
£ǻᴦģϲ֮գĵӻع飬ѲɣǻҪ䵱սɣǴȥſЦ
һƽĴӰ֮дݳ


1477 ̸

ֲʹҪеĽҶնɱǵӰֳִ֮߻ѡ˲
ȻӰĵλ֮Уͬ죬ӦǹϵĻʯ
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΢
ʱһɿֲ
е˶ɵ˸Ե֮С
ǾҶѡҪ뿪ʱͻȻڶ߳һȻ
㡭ǹ
Ҷ΢΢һ
Ȼֻһˡ
Ӱ˸Ҷֱӵ˺գһȥ
ӰµӡǣҲҶ뿪ãһѪϢش˳
Ȼ뿪𣿡
֮Уһɿֲ˺·ſŰʩչ򽣴һ㣬ɳƶҳ
뿪ɣ֮Уû˿Ծ˰ȵȥϼһʵ̫ǿˣҲŲ˶ʱˣȴɣСӣˣ
ƺǶ൱˽⣬໥Ĵ֮ȴѾʧ
ǾҶһ֣ȴҲǿǿʼע⵽Ʋ۵塣
ңң֮ϣڵĺžƣϵıһغ͵ࣺ
Ҳ𣿡
˵֮ƺǴĳֻĲһ֮Уλӣ˲俪ʼ쳣
Σĵӣ˭ûʸȥǣκε˶У
ʱϵı飬棬ְԵȴǺĳ֣ƺѾھʲô
硭
޾Ԫʼֳ
񱩵Ļ֮Ԫأȴ͵ˮ֮ǿ˺Ϣķ֮ԡ
ڴʱȫںһ𣬷·һ´Ĵͥһ㣬ں֮Уֱ˴ˡ
һĿռ䣡
ҶӰ֮аԵľ쳣
ܹ޾ںһҪֶκԵĲһ˿ԴﵽЧ
ǻ֮У޾ʼںϣһϵ·̲ϢԴͷζϸϸƷζУҶ쾹ȻһĪ
漴˸⻪һǻ۵ҫԡ
Сӡ
Ҷ컹ʱ̣һ󵭵
ߣȴַ·źԶ

Χݳµ쭷磬ʱҶ쾪ȵķ֣ԼȻڲ֪뿪ԭĿռ䣬粻٣µֻ޾磡
ӿ֮УѾΧ׵ĸסһ
ǰӰڶ棬֮䣬һֻ໥Ľ档
еһŰۣһźɫħۡ
ߵΧ޲һɬ˼µĹϢϢֻоب֮󣬲Żһ˵ϡ
оֹϵϢҶɫ̲ס΢΢һ䡣
ۣ֮
͡
ü
ǰΧһб׵Ķ
ǵ֮۵Ӱ֮һȴ·ǻһİΧǵ
㲨ȥеĸ
ߡ
źɫħ۵ˣ΢΢һʱüһʹҶ֮Ȼһ˲顣
ߡ
΢΢ķһƺߵǿҵܸвŻʧ
Сӣѵ˵֪ӱǲòΪ𣿡
Ҷüͷ
ɫ𽥿ʼЩ
𣿵ȴӵ˴һİĵطҲһ飡
һȻԷģҶȴԿ϶ԼǶԷĶ֣ȳ̶ȵʵ¼ľݡҡʥ⡢֮ǿ߶޷֮Կ
ֹϵϢԵֻѾ׵µĻʯϲŻӵС
ǿߣҪɱĻҲǶָѡ
ǺǺǡ
Űɫ۵ӻĿ˵
ߣƨʵҲ֮з˼򵥵ĻôᱻԼԼڣ
ɫħӲм˵
ҶһȻ֪սߣûжʤʵģȴҶϲȥ˺ǳ⣬һ˿⣬Ҷ˫Ŀͷų˵â
ٻҽ뵽ǲϧȥıռ䣬ΪĲɣ
ȴһǿҵĸָ߰߰ǽǿĻϽеģ
ǺǡðɣҹݵĶЩˣ
ɫӻЦ
漴΢΢һʱߵģҶǰ
ɫӣԵһλѮߣɫĳɫĺӡɫüë
ֺҶ뵽ĵҲǲࡣ
ǵɫħ۵֮Ҷȴ΢΢һ㡣
ʵΪһ￴ȥ̫˵㡣
ԷӴԼʮңİߣǾһˡ
Ҷû˵ֻڵ߿ڡ
ڵȴ˽һӵʱ֮ǺɫħڵĿ˵ˣ
Сӡ㻹ܹ͵ס
䲻һĨΡ

ߵԵĴһֿĵı飬̬ƺǶӵĿΪĿģ
ٺٺ١Ըķ䣬ҹɣ
仰Ҷ˲һߡ
국ȻԼĲĹߡ
ҹҲһˬĴһöʯӸ˶Է
漴ĺݺݵصһҶȴ˵
СһԹ
̵Ľʯ뵽ԼĿ˵
ҶûĿһȴŶԷǴ˵ʲô
ӦǴսѪԵѾʼ׵ľˡ
Ҷüͷ΢û˵
ϷΪҩʣһλǺҹǹϵʱ֮УõսİӶдڣҲΪʲôԭ֮һ
ⷬҶ΢
ƺûнҵ鷳׵Ľ
ҶֱԲ˵
ȷʵûнֻʱѹ
ҹҲûвҴţȷ˵Ҷ죬ٴε˵
Ӧֻ֪һСĴԪ򣬱ǿֻ֮еһǺϵһɳѣȫʢʱڣҲ԰һУڣȴУ򲢷еô򵥣֮ϣľƿأĴڣͳ̳ߣŴʧ٣ѾȺףҲֻ֪ڱչأȴ֪Էľλãôõʱˣȴһֱûг֣ԵΪı
һҶ˲Ŀʼ
Լĸоеĸӡ
Ȼ󣬵ȴҲаŹϵаأĳ֣ʹڵڲʼϷֳΪ˺ܶൽ˼£˵ڵ޷⵹
Ҷ̲סʵ
ǵ˼˵֮УǶûа취ǿߣ


1478 ϣ
Ҳ˵Ǻˣ
Ҷ֮УһԴĲ
ЦЦĿߣ̬ʱҩʵɫݺݵһ䣬һȻıйľһ㣬ʼҶͷųȥ
ߡ
Ҷıһ޴սȻĳ
һʧĿһ㣬ŭһֲսѾײеĳŶԷ˿ûеӵײȥ
ס֣
ҹĺȵ
ڿҶ챳һ޴սʱ̣ıѾʼ仯ˡ
ߡ
ԵģҩҲҶ챳սһ֮Уƣ糱ˮһ㣬ѸٵջصԼ֮С
ȻսѪľѣȻûķӳѾڷĳɳˣս󰡣þδˡ
ҹ૵ĵ¶˻ɫ̬֮УһָӵıͲ

ҩʵﳤһڿҶ֮ȴɴ˿˿Ļ棬һָӶŭĲ
ҩӣôʱˣѵ˵Ķûеõ𣿡
ҹȻĽе
һҩʵɫ΢΢һ䣬˫Ŀܿȴε̾ϢһٴεĿҶ֮УѾûκεĵ⣺
ˣˡʱǹôԶҲ㲻ˣһδεתҲֲ˶ˣΪԵԼεܹĴС˵ûȷʵں£ڵİݣѾ𽥵ȴԭѪ
Ҷ˫Ŀ˸Ĺâߵ֮УҶƺǲ²⵽ʲô
ȻһĳƺΪĳԵƣ˵ŻұӦܵǿѹƣԼԭʵ޷ӳ
СӡӦѾ²⵽ˣ߲Ըģ˵ػ񣬵˵Ǻεıңңȥˡ
˵ʱҩʵϱԽĿɬ
ǵʵƺʱĶ뿪ɣ
Ҷ̲סʵ
ߡ֮ˣҪԶţ˵ǵԣͲܹΥԼԣĻε㣿
źȻ֮ԣ·ģգ
Ҷı˲Ŀʼ
Ŀߣɵù˵
Сӣղˣ
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Сӿ鷳˰
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ԭǻ㰵нƿأڿøϽ뿪Ļ̫ΣˣһչأԷͻɱġ
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һҲ֪һȻֻһֻһСıȴֺ̫һӳȻⲻΪؼģεıһλƽ̵֧Ϊֹʥ˵ʵ򵥣֮УеһɣͣնɱһһĶӣ˵Ǻ鷳
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ΣҪΪĽ뵽˴֮󣬱˲õˣ֮ϣ»иӿֲǿߣǵƽ̴𣬵ʵﵽ˴֮ľ磬Ѿƽ֮УΪǿһˣȴҲһԪ֮УܵصĴˣӶչزˡ˵ֻǿһۣ˲˱ܵ˱˺ֿ£Ƕ޷󵽵ġ
ҹĻԵıղҪ˲١
Ҷٴε֪ˣһ￴ȥᣬʵҲһɧļһ
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Ҷüͷĺܽ
ԭ²⵽⣬֮ڵһĪĸд
ǡǷ˵ڰ
ҶڵĽԼ˳
ڰˣ
һߵı˲һ䡣
Ҷȴ̲סһϲߵı飬Ե˵֡
ڰˡبŴڣ˭Ҳ֪˶ٵʱ䣬ĴţĴȴҲһСѣҪСĺܣǣʵȴˣڰ˵ǿ󣬿ǹϵĺܣеĸҲܶ࣬ٹĺܣСǵĻǾԻǵܴ鷳ġСӣ㲻Ҫ˵㻹ǵ
ҩһĿҶ졣
ûСֻǺ棡
ҶԴǵ˵
𣿡
ҹҩıӵĿһôоѾ˵ء
㡭
ҩֵĽһöӵľʯӸҶ졣
һöʯŻɫ󣬿ȥǳͨһ׭ּ
֮⣬Ҳû˿ĺۼ
ʲô
Ҷ˵
ƽ̵ƣ򣬺ߺߣ̫ˣҪչأƿƻǽĺãǼο£ûƽ̵ı־ǾͲͳƿأ޷زء
ǵ˼ǡ
Ҷ̲סĸһöʯʵ
ΪһŵɣСպԺԵĻǾչһţˮ׼ܿıԴﵽ̶ˡ
˵ģȻ˦Ҷ˳׵ı˳ȥ
ոȥȵȰһкöûأ
ҶĽе
Сӡףˣ
ңңģߵ˳ҶȴǸо֮УƺǴһǿҵķɸУ
оǽϵص׵и֮󣬵ͷŵĸо
ôоԼƺһΪ鷳ɽأ
ͨĴ𽥵Ĺر֮Ҷ̲סü˵


1479 ɽ¥
֮ϹȻǿڣֻǴҩʺͺҹĿ˵ҲĲ֪ǿĴڣʲôĿ³̶ȣ
Ҷ΢΢˼һ£ΧĻĿռС̲סĳڲһݺݵرһָε뿪ˣƽƣҶҲֻСĵķúã⣬Ҷɲֻһöôļ򵥣п϶Լ֪ĶֻļһڷĺܣӿʼڣҲǽ˶Է飬ǴӸ˵ԼһĺôûеõҶʵЩӣرӡ
͡
Ӱ˸Ҷ漴뿪
壡
ɵĸƣӿ
ٴε̤˲䣬Ҷ̲סһϢħ֮Ƚ϶ԣҪõĶ࣬Ҷһֻζ
ħߣӦѾ뿪ħ֮֮Уһս˵ѾǴ̫žȥӦˣֻǲ֪ĸԪĥˡ
һݵĹ
һݵӰ
Բ񷣬ĵأ
̬񻹻˭
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ȻӴʱ䲻ҶȴԸоԷԼֹġ
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ǺܿҶȴ¶һĨɫ
Ȼڹ֮£ƣɽʯһеһоȻֳһ־׵̬
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ˮ֮еԼĺҲ˵ĸıԭһеġ
ؼһ
ҶҲǳεĴһ˿Եѣǰ˺ΧһУԵںһںϲǼ룬·Ӧ֮һ㡣
־ףͣһ̲ۼĵ
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ʱҶĸоԼʦǿ
ǿԲԭǸƿظӵеǿ󣬶һֿʶǿǿԺ̫һӵʶĵز
ԼʦҲǼ򵥵ﰡ
Ҷ̲סаԵľȵ

ƺǸоҶĴڣȻԼ˫ĿڿҶ֮󣬶ʱ¶һĨЦ⡭
졭Ѿڻˣ
ҲоҶϢٵıܳ
Сӡ
һȭĴҶļϣЦ˵
̡ģһȺԵڹҲ磬ģʵĲǶԷĶֱ֣ӵǰɱһȺ࣡
ȻǶһսΪ⡣
ʵʵ̫ˣִһˣԼˣԵĵλʵǿĺܣŻȫӵ˵磬Ļεôķ
뵽ĶԴȻΪˬ
Ҷȴûʲô飬ǵ˵
İɣǷծǮ쾭壬Щ飬һǹ黹ǵģ
ҶһҲǶŭ֪ʱĳ֣һ£ڵȴҩʺͺҹ˱չصĻᣬҶγڵȴᡣ
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Ҷ뵽һС͵ͥԺֱ֮ӵĿʵ
Ҷԣ̲סһ㶣ĿƺǶΪϤֿ֮Уӵû˿𾴵ӡ
ʦ𡭡ʶһﲻɣ
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죬ܴЩ飬ȴڵȥ֪ģǶǰʷˣЩ飬ΪʦҲȥ˵ЩʲôҩʺͺҹȷʵΪʦһϵ
Ȼ˵Ĳȫǵ֮Ҷл̲סһΡ
ҩʺͺҹȻûбҶеϢҲ֪ǹϵĴǿߣ³ˣȴֻǵ͵֮УΪһλССƿأʵǲ
Ҷڵ񲢲㽫еĻͳĻ˵ˡ
ʦ𡭡һΣƺǵ˺ܴ鷳λʦʦǵİȫ»ܵв
ԭƽ޲˫ĿȻķµâһƷ趯漴ݻΪһ޴󣬻񱩣޴ӰϹһ㣬ŰȻ籩
ߣѾôʱˣĳѾ𽥵ıܶˣ˵ԸĻϷҲǹУ
һɰԵƷıȥƺڳطžĲ
ߡ
ǣ
ÿµơ
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ǾʱһɹɿµȴͻȻĴķϿʼ˳
ƻ㾢ĲƿʼΧչ֡
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һŭ⴫֮ѵ⣡
䣬ΧվȻǿеƿء
ת˲֮Уһг׵ʧˡ
һ̣ȴûио˿ƽһɽĸовϵγɣ֡


1480 ʼ

Ҷ֮УеһĨڲϵ˼
ü֮Уͷɺâ֮ϵš
֮ϣƬʼɣЩƬÿһƬ˸ųɫ¹âеķâ֮У׻ɷ֮󣬴ﵽЧ
һΣħ֮֮Уõĺô̫̫ˡ
Ҷ춼޷еǻ˶ٵĺô
Դһŵؼȫصؼкܶ࣬Ҷ޷ʩչġ
ؼ֮Ի˵ǿȫΪʩչʱ򣬿Էӳ似͡졢ǿǿԻء
ǿҪۣؼǹϵǿǣԼģһʩչҪǺϵĴǿеϵ˴һܵ϶ȡ
һǿеȥʩչ˺ˣ෴ǻˡ
˵ڵҶֻܹԵȥЩؼϵȥĦ
ħ֮֮УõĹ֮У޾ŲС

΢΢£𽥵ǰγһƽĹ⻪
һԭʼ
ʾҶڵѾ뵽ĳ̶ֳȡ
ľʹҶÿһط⼡ÿһ磬·һŵСһ㣬̰ؼתȥγһĴѭ

һδԲºת֮󡭡
ǿҶľϷḻȻҲʼԽԽá
ǿҪøǿֻӲܹӦϮĳ̶ȡ
ǰһν棬ȻҶûг֣ʩչȴһɹǿ谭סˣȻһ֪ǿڡ
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Ҷ૵ĵ
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ϵԽǿԵĿʼŴ첻쿪ʼ
ʱƺǿʼĸı
ָıҲҶ쿴ѸٵģɣĳЩ˿ǸѸٵġ
䡭
һգҶ컹֮УȻһɿµײʼ˳
͡
˫ĿȻʱգҶϴɫ֮ݻԪķڲƣǿǿһĿֲ֮УҶ춼Կڿռ֮еԪƷ·ǱǿռŮһ㣬ɪɪĶ
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һ˿⣬ҶֱۻӶѸٵ˺һѺۣٵʧ֮С
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һŭʱΧĿռһɫľˡ
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ꡭ˶˲𣿵ΪţүүҶ𣿡
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Ȼһһλ洫ĵӣʵȴҲڴ첻۷ĳ̶ȶѣţħһţӱԽѹĵز
ôĵӰһֻħܵҰⴿ㾹Ȼ˵ķѾͨħһͷųȥ»ģ΢ħԹԵķ׳Լ˵ãǻԴ󷢴ȱĽħͷˡ
ԷֳֳЦ˵
ڡװȣ
ţħֱӵ˦˶Էһţ۲и˵

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΢ħһΣȵҲǺˬ𣿡
ϴΣҶţħ߿ŰһΣһΣΪеʣħһ㣬ԭǿޱȵޣĺܣ˲п顣
һαŰ飬ѾΪ洫̸۵Ļ⣬ǵʱǽһŭڵлˣȻһεĳû˿顣
ʦ֡
ǿʵɫǴȻ֮һɱʦֺĶá
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֮ħţڻˣ
λӲϵĽе
λӵȻû̫ı飬һ˫ĿȴԽķ񣬶еҲѸٵʧ
΢ħϴΪǸס˻ᣬεܹңȻΪҲҶ죬ΪԼǿ𣿾ȻҺҶ֣ССŵӾȻ·ϣڻ˽ԵӵħҶԵľħħΪǾԲģڣȥɣ
Դǵĺ
ߡ
һ͵Ĵ
ƺǴķ׶һɱϢѸٵĳΧʼͷ˳
㶯һԣ


1481 һ˲䣡
Ȼܵȴ̲ޱߵ־·뵽˵Ĺһʮ޷ȥеĿֲ
õһ洫ӣʱȴҲ̲סһɿµĺ⣬쳣
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ɫĳ趯ѩɫĳ˸ž˵ĺâһɺž˵ĺ⣬˲ȥ׵ضС
Ҷ죡
˲Ҷ컹˭
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Ȼǿ󣬵˵Ķȴǻ˹һ㣬ľˣҪΪ֮
ҶʣڳҲ̲סһɿµĺ⡣
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һ֮Ŀǿߣִ߶ԶԿ˵ֶȴֻһλŵĵӣҲޱȺ棬洫ĵ֮жʼ˵֡
֮ˣĹҲǺܴġ
Ҷ𣿡
ÿµĸоŵǻʦ֣ǰΪҥʩչ˶񶾵ֶΣڿĻƺǲ˰
ǰҵòɢҶʵ̫ǿˣҲŵӣҲ̫˵ɣ
㿴ʦֵɫڶʼ仯
λӵʱɫøѿ
Ҷ졭һֻħħħ㾹Ȼ뵽ϣѧ죬洫ӵݾ㣬òҪ£ûȨ㣬ħޣ
Դǵйظǿ߷׷׵Ϊ֮Ŀѡ
Ҷüͷ΢΢ţħȻˣȴ֪һһʮı䡢̬ϵķﵽһ۷ĳ̶ȣԺԼĽ˲
ĻҶüͷ΢΢һƺܵв֮󣬸оΪΪѣΪҶ캦µʱͻȻҶ˫Ŀɺ˸
ž
һǶݺݵشϡ

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е޷ŵĿҶ죬ӵϿš
κεһ˶û뵽Ҷ쾹Ȼ˵ķֱӵһƵĽˡ
裬һǿҵ衣
ɫ˲俪ʼѿ쳣ڷŭ˫ĿѪ˲ʧӰ٣ʱֻǸоԼһƬľȻ
׵ϸߵӸ⣬棬һõ洫ӣȻҶ쵱ô˵棬һ˹Ǻεȵ裡
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ˡ
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һɫâʼӿ漴סҶ壬һʩչʮɵȫĽԼ̵ʩչ˳һ۾ų޵ɫ
ɱɱɱ
еֻһͷǾɱҶ죡
ɱҶ죬ľԵĲƽֻܹѪ죡

Ҷŭһըףһֻѩֻȭһȭɱ
ǿƮƮһȭȴݺݵس֮ȥ
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λӵݺݵ
޷ŵĿһУ·û뵽Ҷ쾹Ȼ˵

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һλĴǿߣһ
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ǾЧҶ죬ǽȴǱ̤ķˡ
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ܹҶҳǿĸ㣬ǼħΣ
λӵ޲뷨
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ħɱĵӣѵ˵ҲҪ˵ķŹնɱͬŵĵӣһħΪںĹԿ
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Ǿһ߰ɣ飬Ϊ洫ӵңȨģ

ţħɣһֻţӺݺݵӡ
ħ̥첻µز£ҲֻҶܹסʱεܹԼǰķҲ磬һֻţӻ޾޴ӣ·һöӡһ㣬Է
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ҶĮĿһУһ˲䣬ͫȴҵ
Ϊˣ֮УһĹâͿռھҵŤһֻֻ֮ӭ˹ȥ


1482 ̫һӡ֣
䡭
֣֮·̲صİֻĳţһᵯһ˲֮䣬һѾֱӵı˳
ǿӲĽţħţӻûӡΪƬ
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͡
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ĲӰ˸ĵҲΪ׵һ˹žƺ«ϴ˿˿ɷ񻹻˭ǵ֮ϵһӰ˲䣬ɫȴ̲סı仯
ǡôܣ
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֮ϣǿռ仹ڵ·Ǻˮһĵ˿˿ĲƣÿһĲȴĿֺ۵жôĿֲ;ˡ
һӰȻûмһֲȴ˵̲סĲޱȣ·Ǹоĳһ㣬ķ
һۣͨ˶Էȴűۡʥ¸ӻϢ
˵ĳ֣λĸ߲㣬׵ľˣ
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λӵ˷ܵĲ·Ǽһ㣬ޱȵĿˡ
ϵĴŷĳݺ𾴣
ԡʹүˡ
ţħϵĴԼţӣ棬һϸ΢Ѻ©Ѫ
Ȼղǲ֣֮ţħĽǻѿˡ
ҶһɺضŶԷ
ûţħĻȴڷ˼
̫һӣ
Ҷ켴ǲȥ²ⶼѾ뵽һˣ
ǿµֶκ͵λ˫Ŀ֮Լŵ˿˿ɱ⣬̫һӣҲûеڶ˿ӵôˡ
û뵽һڵĻǿʼ̲סˣ
Ҷл˵
ʦô죿
ϴžͽɫе
̫һӣȻ֪ģеǿ󣬼Ƕָ׵䵽εġ
˵ôͳ
ϼ֮ж֮ϣµƿˡ
Ѱĵӣεܹʱļ̲֮סɧң
鷳ˣ
˵һ˫ĿŸӵĹâ֮ϵ̫һӣƺڲϵ˼ʲô
Եģһ˭
̫һǿӣţħȲˬĽ
ǺǺǡҶ졭ּˣ
̫һӷЦҶ컺Ŀ˵
̫һӣҶ˵񾭶ʼԷվһвȴͷųǿҵĽ䱸ֽ䱸ͱĸоǵĹǿǶûа취˵𺳡
У

ҶȴԼڸûѡĻᣬһ˿ѡĿܶûУһԼڶ㲻ˡ
ǰû뵽һλع鵽򣬾Ȼģرϲˣ
Ҷֱӵ˵
һ𣿾ȻҶԴ˵ķ
ǻζˡ
ļһ
λӲϵؽҶ㲻̲̫һƣ
ϸ¶˿ϲɫҶоˣҶ̫һ֮϶ìܣ̫һӵʵȻɵǿҶһˣ
Ǻǡ𣿡
̫һɷ˵΢ЦƺǶҶĻû˿⡣
Ҷ졭˽ԵĽħ֮УҲкĵӣһαˡ㣬õĲҪ£ȴѹһħٺƽϣ
ѹѾĺôĿţүүѹѹ˵𣿡
ţħŭ죬һ޴ħţγɡ
ħţ£
衭
ţħ𣬾޴ħţĲơ
Ǻǡ㻹ǰȵﱻѹɣ
̫һӵﵭЦ
ָ΢ʱγ⻪
⻪˸Ȼγһ޴ϡ
䡭
Ǿ޴ĻȻԷС
衭
ţħŭ
һԾ޴ţ棬˸˿µĺɫ棡
ŭ⣡
ޱߵŭ⣡

˫Ŀ΢΢һ̫һӵָӲһ
䡭
һɿµıγɣ֮еħȻˡ
Ǻǡ˵ˣ㻹ǰȵɡ
ŭ֮еţħ̫һӵﵭ˵
Ǻð
ţħһµţӺݺݵ̤ա
ž
׹˸һ޴ĺɫǹȻĻ۳֡
ȥ
һȣɫǹ˸ޱߵ⻪һɹɵǿеĳŶԷ䵽˶档
ڤ粻飡
ţħֶΣ̫һӵٴεĵȵ
ٴζȻֻһָ
ˣ
޴ĺɫǹ˾˵
֮УǹǹⲻϵزȴͶԷһָ໥ײŤȻ˿û˺Էӡ
£̫ˣ
ţħǺεȵľ磬̫һӾȻ赭дıѹסԷһн

ţħʱðһţ͵ͷųһɾ
衭
ٴεһţ𣬶ʱѣħհĳΧ
һĹϷţɣһ̣ţħϵƱ쳣
ڸо̫֮һӣɫȴݺݵһ䣺
ֲ㾹Ȼħ̥


1483 ս
ħ̥
بŴ˵֮еħȴޱĴ
͡
ָ΢΢һʱռ䶼·ǿʼΧ
䡭
ţħĴ˳ȥ
ţħʵǴ̫žľ磬ڵ̫һӣȻû˿ķΪ֮ǿᣬҶ춼̲סĿʼһ
͡
ָٻʱһѪ̫һӵС
ţħѪ
̫һӵ˫ĿȵĹâ΢΢ָմȡһ˿Ѫ뵽
ʱһʼͷųֻǵһ˿ѪȴԺҩ

񱩵Ц̫һӵͷų
µͷŶؾһ㣬Χʼͷеޱߵ˺ѵ˼£ݵ˾֮⡣
µֻһ˿ѪȻѾ˵ãħ̥Ȼħ̥Ҷ죬Ȼħ֮ˣȻħ̥֮ﶼԵõ
һ˿⻺ش̫һӵ˫Ŀ֮ͷ˳̰ĹâԵøԡ
үģѾıռеţүүţүү㲻Ȥţүү֪Ĳһ򶼿ഺפһѪʲôڱү
˵䣬ȻͷųԼţޣһݺݵ˳
͡
ָһʱţɡ
ڳȴ׵ʯûбţɨУȴҲǵһֹŹֵĸо
̫һӵϸˡ
ţħҶ죬֮УɱȻıŷ
ܺáܺã
㾹Ȼܺðɹ˱еŭ𣬶ˣ㻹ǺܹñŭĴ֮һ
үģ
ӭһµţӣ
ħ棡
ţħÿһֻţ棬޲մȾ˵棬Щɢźڰ·Ǿһ뵽˵֮У
ǿֲĲʱλĳΧɢ
ߡ֪Ķ
̫һӵﵭĺȵ
䡭
˦һķȻһա

ſ·ħһ㣬ȻǿеĽЩ˲ȥ
ȣ
˫ָǣѺۻָ
ǿȻûи˿˺
ħ̥ǧʱ䣬Ȼɵ㣬ڣȴֻһֻССϣڱ˵û˿в֮
̫һӵ﷢˲м
𣿡
һ
ʱȻɣһһࡣ
͡
ռٴεѿ
ֻħͰѺȻ󡭡
¡¡
һµĺɫĳϰΧ˹ȥ
Ҷ˫ּӳִӡݺݵسѹ

̫һӵɫ΢΢һ䡣
˫ֺݺݵĻӶ
¡¡
Χһг׵ƿ
һ־Եƿأ·ؼһһ㡣

һٴεĳ֡
ֻҶ˫Ȼס
¡¡

ɾ˵·ž޴ʯıȥһ㣬Χһжʼ׵С

׵ı
еˣʱ̲סĵһȫû뵽һеķȻľˡ
ҶһССŵӣȻҲҳڵ̫һӳ֡
ôĵӣ
λӴĺȵ
ϱҪֹȥ
ߡ治Ҫ
һĺ
Ԧһ޴ķݳ֮ϣ˵̬̲ס¶˲мɫ
ÿ
һ󵭵
ֻԭΧס̫һӾȻĴ˳޾Բǧ׵ķΧ֮ͷţǿֲûи˿˺෴ǣʱ·ԡһƬҵ֮Уȴ˿Ĳģκεڿ˲䣬㱻ǿеѹ𣡣
䡭
ڵͬһ㣬ͷųΧһг׵ѹȥ
һ˫ĿسҶ쿴˹ȥ˺հâϣ
Ҷ졭ܺã
Ҷ죬̫һƺǿʼķŭ
Լ棬һϸ΢Ѻγɡ
ûˡ㾹Ȼñˣ
̫һٴεĿҶ죬Ŀ˵
õһϣȻһλŵӳ֣ѵ̫𣿡
ǿеΧʦʦãĺ
۸𣿡
̫һӵ˫Ŀ
һεʼɣ
Ǻǡ۸ˣ
Ҷһ̲סĴȵ
뿪
ߡ
һԵˣ̫һӳ͵˦һµ쭷硣
䡭
ǿֲµٶȣǿеĽ˳ȥ
ۡ
һѪ̫һӵǰû˿ĵֿ

ŭһ
̫һӡ֣
ɳȥҶ쳹׵ķŭĺء
ɱ
裡
񶯣ţħҲУ߷ĳ̫һӳȥ

ȻҶС֮Ϊ֣ʱ̫һӵŭȼյ˼¡
䡭
ӡȭ
ȭȭӡ죡

˫ȭӶ·𶯡
е˼
̫һӵһĨЦ
֮
Ҷ˫Ŀµâ
͡
֮ͬϽˮһ㣬ӳ֡
ˡ
ǿֲ̫֮һǿ߶Ҫ̲סС
Ͽʼͣ
䡭

޴ȭ޾ȭݺݵش̫һӵϣǿ̫һǿߣǿеİӳʮȭͷҲ̲סüͷ
飡
ֱӱɳ֮⡣

Ҷ˫ĿѪһ㣬ɺٴεıգ
ռѹƣ
žžž
ΧĿռٴεһ
ǿռ֮
ȻҶ콻ֹһΣ̫һȴҲֻһ־ӳС
ȫû뵽ϵĳͻҶ쾹Ȼᱬǿ
ѷ
һĺҶĺ֮ͷ˳
ͬ
㲻ϲţүү𣿹ԡţүү㣡
ţħĽеħţٴεĳγɣ漴Ǵ󵽼£һصһ㣬Ȼѹ
ڳˣ޲׵ɵۣҶ鷳ʱǻ
ҶĿ£ʵѾʵȻҲҶ鷳
ֱһΪ
оΧڷĽ֯ҪûԼ̫һӵڵʧԭеֵȻ飬ĺ

䡭
һɰ·һ㣬Ǵ
ƺͲϣһ˫Ŀ˵µâ
Ҷ졭㾹ȻɹĽǻˣ
꣡
ռѣΧĿռѹ֮ǿе飡
¡¡
޴ĺ֮Уɿµײһ𡭡


1484 ӣ
һ޴Ģƣش֮ͷųΧۼݻΪ˷з籩
һЩùĵӱǿеľ𣬶ʱ˺ѳΪƬ
׵£ͷţɳʯԼĿԿӰһ޴Ģ滺γɡ
꣡꣡
ռıԵشһѸٵγɣһ־˵ٶȿʼȥ
ռ䣬Բʮ׵ķΧ֮У·ǲһ㣬ɿѳΪƬ
ǿǣ̲סĵһǿֶΣλ֮УǾԵǺֵġ
Сһ˿˿â֪˼ʲô
䡭
һ޴ıٴεĳ֣漴Ӱٵķֿ
ϸ˵еӰǿеɳȥ
͡
ҵĦգγһ̶ĦҶϴ˿˿̬ⱻɳȥģȻţħ
Ȼϵıû̫ľУҶȴ̫һӵʵһµʶ
һʵڵԼȥ˵ġ
ǶԷڸûʩչȫһʵûʩչ
¡һ𣿡
ţħϵסԼţӽе
һѺۿʼɣȻţħǿᣬȴҲһεײ֮ܵ˴ˡ
ԲģܹôҪ𣿡
ҶΪȻ˵
ⷬʵڳ̲סǳ鴤
˵ĽȻ̫һӵɫԽ
ǴǿߣȴҶţħ䡢̬ļһԭƾһаʽı㽫Է㶨ȴû뵽һͬǲʯͷһ㣬ȳӲʩչ˲ٵͨȻûи㶨Է
ǵôӵ棬ɫʱøӵѿ
ܺã
̫һӵ˿˿⡣
ؽԼ˫ͫŴ֮ͫͷųĹâͬһĵһ㣬·Ƿ
ߺǿ󣬿ǱСǣ
̫һӲǳǿߣһʱıѾеŭ𣬻Ŀվͬһ㣬Ժյѹ趯
ǵƤӸֲԼϵС
˵ʱҶţħɫı仯
Ǻĸоϵ̫һӣƺϵĹڿʼıŷԼǿ
Ҷ˫Ŀ漴һ
հһɵϢʼɡ
ˡ
𡭡
һĲһµʱԲʮķΧǿе
еĵɫ΢΢һ䣬ǿ洫ӵҲ¶˾ɫǷǸоһɿµĲҶϻͷų
䡭
һ˲䣬ռڣ
Ҷ˫Ŀ𣬱һӰϡ
һΣҪƴȫˡ
ƽ
ˣ
ս޶˵µѺۣôԶľ룬ȴõ濪ʼı䣬ǿֱòе
̫һӵɫ΢΢һҶǿ󣬲ûη壬˫Ŀ֮еɱ⻺ͷųղŸӵĿº͡
Ҷ̫ˣ
ʺѾ̫һӸо˴δйв
Ȼ˵̫һаտԽҶ쳹׵ѹʺͷӳǿʵоǰδеѹ
Сӣħ̥ӵĿֲһҪ׵նɱ
𡭡
սӡҶϻͷų˺֮޴֮У໥ںϣǳӿ߱ħؼǳ֮
Ĵں֮УҶѾһɺ嫵Χ
ƽҶеľѧʩչ
ȴǿ˷ָ
𡭡
һΧһʱһƽɫâĳ̫һӳȥ
޴˪ͻںϣ̫֮ķϢǳ֮زһеһУ㹻κεһΪ֮ľѡ

Ҷٵ𶯡
ƿشƽײеĽȥ˵ʹƽںһ
Ϊκβ𣿡
̫һӵЦ
΢΢һ
ʱǽƻչ
ָΪһ㣬ԿеĹ⻪˸ֱָһƷ
Ĵƽơ
ƺȫϵһ
Ǿһֻ֣ȴĶһ͵˲Ľؼһи
֣֮
䡭
޴ӡĳ֣ȻĳŴƽȥ
顭
꣡
޴֮Уһɿֲٴεγɣǲ֮ȴ˾㵵ı֮Уѹƽϣȴʩչ˾޴

ֲ֮£ƽ徹Ȼ֮Ӳ˴Ƭ
ȥ
ָٴεȭ̫һӵƻȭһȭɱĳҶ˹ȥ
ۡ
һϮٶȿľˣҶĿռ֮ʩչ
ѹ
ƿأ
𣡣
顭
ǿռڶԷǰϾǲģΧĿռ䷢ǰ֮漴ģһĴ
䣡
ҶֱӱɱС
ۡ
һѪݺݵϵƬ̲סĹѣޱߵľʹҶʼγ鴤

ٴεĶһͷţ·һöӡӡһ㡣
֣
ţħţӷ趯
ߡħ̥˵㹻ʱ䣬ҲԳɳȥڵ㣬ֻΪСʱ̣
ţħ̫һӵﲻм˵
䡭
վĿʼɱҶ棬ţħǱǿеĴɵһࡣ
ߡ
һ߻Ĵݳ
һִֻѸٵĿס˶ԷĽ
Ӱ˸һĲѸٵչֳ
Ԥϵǣ֮˾Ȼ
㣿
̫һӵ¶˾ɫ
̫һӣ㲻ԼЩ𣿡
ﵭ˵ڵĺžƣһֻǽԷĴӡ顣
񡭡ѵ˵Ҫ𣿡
̫һƺ֪ݣ̲סĺ
ı󵽵˭֧֣Ȼ֪ҲҪΪǺ۸ģڿķΧ֮УһԭԲΥ
ϴ˿˿ɱؿ˵ǱɷȻз
̫ܵˡ
һȻĴѹһһ㣬Ĺע޾˺֮

趯ⱬȻĽһɨ
ߡ
Ҷţħ߻ѪϢʱ̣ߴ
ʦ𡭡
ҶһȻ֪ΪʲôҪʵΪһССƿأҶȴ֪һ൱ļѡ
뿪ҩʺͺҹỤңҲֿܾܵãϡӣ
Ҷ˫Ŀ𣬿Ż֮еоΧϢԽӴȻҲʼˡ
ݺݵؿһ̫һӣҶĺ
̫һӣҺ㣬ݣֹʥ֪УһУ꣡
ߣ
һţħҶ趯ݻ֮ĳճȥ


1485 ɹܣ
ߡף
̫һӵɫ΢䡣
ߡɱҵĶӣ뿪𣿡
漴һĲݳ
ֹʥ
Ҷавã
¡¡
ռ
ĹѳΪа·
ͼ谭סҶȥ·
ٱ䣡
ɫ䣬Ӱ裬ĳΧ䣬裬ǿе̫һӣ
λǿ̲סĵһ
ƽ￴ȥ۵񣬾ȻǿʵǿԽ̫һӴˣ
λƿأǳ鴤̲סĵһ
ֳǿѾʶˣЩֱ
ӡ㵨άħޣǴ󲻾򣡣
̫һĺ
˫ĿâĽе
󲻾棿̫һӣƿز㣬ΨдԼң㡭ʲô
˵䣬ӰıŷͼҶػȥ
֪Ķ
һȴһֻµĴӵǧףĳĴȥ
䡭

̫һӵ˫ĿҲ˾˵âŭһϴž˵ɱֶ⳯ȥ
ǰг֮ˣֹһλʵȻǿ󣬵ȴҲû޵еĳ̶ȣȺ谭סǿʵҲûа취ڶʱͻƶԷķ
ɣ
ֹʥٴεҶĶ쳹
ֲҶ̲סһɫ䡣
ܵ˴ˣʱӵĲϵܵ˶Էļѹž֮ϣѣϵƬѳΪƬ
ΪҶۻɷʥԵʣˣͱˡ

ŭһĿռ֮չ
Ŀռ֮׵ʩչ
䡭
޴ĵĻӶ
ˮ֮ۻ׵ۻ󣡣
ʩչԼΪǿֶΣǧףȻǷΧ󣬿еȴԵǿ۷塣
Ȼſռ֮Ϊӳ֣ѹֿҵĶ䣬ǧ򲻸õĶҵĶӳ֣
ֹʥϢȴݵĶһ㣬
ֹʥ֣֮û꣬ˣҽ̤ƽһУ
Ҷĺȵ
Щ±˵ɣ
һɿֲٴεı

ˮۻѣ
ˡ
ۻ󱻴Ŀʼɢ
𣡣
Ҷֶ
׵֮ţ
ϣ
֯ɿĴһµŻ֮ͷų
һֻֻħƿʼɿĳȥ
ڿŻһһ˵ɫ׵ı仯ϴŻֵ̿ɫ
˾Ȼ
Ҷǿ֮ɫڵ̲סʼ仯
ԭҶ϶ȡԼҪģڿҶһָͿɱԼ
һôôǿ󣡣
ĺ
ߣСӵǻĺܣǻǸϷɡ
һµǿ߳ˡ
ħ̥بź֮֮õĻ˵ǾһĪ£
һ貶ʥа񡢿񱩵Ӱ
λϵǿߣȻΪţħԵʣʼ׷׵ĳˡ
ѹС
ħߣ
նɱ
ϹʱﻹɷǣȻ̬ǿһŭ𲻶ϡ
һÿµֶΰ
վԶ洫ǣϴž֮ɫ˵
ֶΣǵ񶼿ͷۣӵĲҪ˵ˡ
СӣͰɹӳȥĻͼ޸㣡
˵
ۡ
λ洫ӵһĳ鴤Ҷ죬ȻоԼƺΪҶ
ǧҪӳȥŮҲһ߰ɡ
ӵ
ÿµŻ
һӰȻסıħƺݺݵȥ
һܹûɳ˵Եĺ
Ҷǿ󣬲ٵĴǿҲ׷׵¶˺ڵĲһ޿ܵļһ˵һöʱը˵ʲôʱͻᱬըġ
ڵҲûѡЩˣÿһλڴ̫žľϣ˵ĳ֣ѹסҶȥ·
ġ
Ҷ˫ĿâͻȻһɾ޴ĴҶϻ۶
ǡ
λǿߵɫ䣬ֹʥҲһķڣȻҶϵһǿѹĿʼɢѡ
ߡ
ҹҶĶ쳹
ڶһ߱
Ҷĺ
𡭡
޴ҶȻĻûʱչֳ˾޴߱Ӱ
ֲβڶʱ˺׵գȥ
߱һ߱
λܵɫ䡣
һҶѵĻǶλǿ˵ֵ֮Ŀʼ
ɱ
ĺȵ
Ҷźҹػ
ԴԴϵĴݳ
ɿɨһеϰ
ǶӵţܿӾͻٴλģ
ҶƥƣµϢ֮ϻ˵ȴ¶˾ɫ
һ
һֻ˳Ǿ޴Ѻ۷׷Ѱȥ
ֹʥ˭
һҲֻһ־ںϣȫʢεܹ߱Կ
߱ص֮д󣬶ԷȴǱҶˡ
ҡģ
һݶ
ȴڳǿǷ׷׵ɫ䡣
һΣûеõκεĺôǽҶˣǵһǱĳţʱλܵϷ׷׵¶˷ŭɫ
ŭĶȻǶ̫һӺֹʥġ

Ҷ뿪񻺻˾ƺ«ڵĺһھƣǵȻ˵
ǵȻ̬ȴ̫һӵɫѿ˼ޣ
ӣڱӻԼĵӣĵħѧ㾹Ȼڱӻ
һ˫ĿԺĿŶԷ
ӻбӻҸղſڰ赲ţ˭֪ôĲϣһζĺҴ򣡣
Ե˵Ϲ
ֶȴ̫һ˶̣
ӣܺãȻѡԣ
ֹʥӿ˿˿ŭڷȼա
Եġ
ͻȻָմĺ
ǺܾˣԼͷϵǣģΪԼ˭ֹʥٺʢ˵̬˵ӵıֱҪĺܣһĻӷ㣡
һʵԭ˸оһξЧ
˭Ҳûһֱǰޱȵ񣬾Ȼµŭ𣬵ŭ̫һȴҲֻܹԵܣǿеɫһ뿪
ֹʥҲ漴ɢɢ֮ǰȴ˵
Ҷ죬ħħѧΪݣ׷ɱҶ죬˲ĵӣ
ߡʲôĵӣ˵ȥģбô̸
֮УԵǷԭ̬ȻĲͬ
ܺãӣ׷ɱָȴǿ´ģ
ֹʥЦ漴ŭʧ
֮ϣѾʧĺɫѷ죬аԵĸԼĵ
СӣΪʦֻܹﵽôˡ


1486 
ռ侲ֹ˶ģ
ڰ֮У޾ǳ˸
ЩǳϸС۳߾޴̫޼޵ĳ̶ȡ
棡
أ޾İȴȥ֡
֮УһӰڷǰ
ǿеĳ漴ĽԷ̬ʼ𽥵ݻ
Ӵֲƣޱߵ˦βԽΧʯɵǧף촷ۣʧ
߱
⾹Ȼһֻ޴߱
ϵ·߱˸˵Ĺâ·ΪصĹһ㣬ȥ˵궼ʼ
𡭡
޴߱һ漴һζεձ˺ѵ
߱ƺǻع鵽Լļ԰һ㣬ԦĳΧζ޾ϵ߱ϻš
ȿȿȡ
һ󼱴ٵĿ֣ʱ߱ʧӰ֮С
ڰ֮УӰԵøͻأ
һŰɫۣ˫Ŀɺ˸һͬһСɽɫ˿˿âһԿµţǳհƿ費ϡ
ֻţӲϵţ·Ѱʲôһ㡣
Ǵ֮ӴܳҶţħߡ
ڵӳˣ
ţħϵĴϢŴ˵
һһεǱĺܲҡ
ţ˵ĺۼǿָǿĿţ˵µĺۼ
Щۼʱڱɫħʼ޸޸ٶȣµõȵܳʱܹ׵Ļָ
鷳鷳
ҶĿЦ
漴ָ΢һɫٵ뵽ţħڡ
ǡ
оɾţħ϶ʼ¶˾ȵɫһ־˼µܹ֮õĻԵļֵ޷
úõĻָɡ
ҶɫԴ԰׵ɫ
һΣȻ˳
Ҳء
һȺǿΧˣʵ̫ˡ
Ҫ˵һλ첻ΪǴ̫žǿߣȺǿߵΧ֮£ҲԱġ

һڲѪҶڵԭҰɫϿʼָĺ
ģЩϼһ̫ˣȻҵǿеפҪҪһȶĻ
ҶüͷﻺĿ˵
ĻȻӴ󣬵ȴȻ⵹ҲԽҶϵҩźܶ࣬ҿŰ˲ͼΪģΪԼҪ
֮УȴǺܼ򵥣Ͼ̫ĻҵģԵһעͻܴ鷳ģʱĻҪ˵ǻָˣҪԱȽϵ鷳
һεĻһ֮߱Ǽȡ˴ҶϾ޷ȥӵЩӵԺ߱Ļ϶Ϊһ֮󣬻кܶĲ뵽֮С
Ҳ˺ܴ鷳
ͷ۰ͷۡ
ҶԴؿ˵
漴˫Ŀ𣬷˿˿âһʵĵطʼϢһ¡
뵽˸ղŵһҶڶµĺܡ
ЩһԵĿݣҪϷһ¡
֮ţħҶ¶һĨЦ⣬ôֻ
С̸ȵģǴүʵ޷ȫƿأܺǼ쵰ļ˰ȻţүүǱ
뵽ЩµϹǣţħԹͲһ
Ҷ΢΢˫Ŀպϣʼ˼
Լʵֻڴ첻ľѣȫֶʩչҲȥЩǿֵٵĺôϾﵽ̫һ㵵ΣѾԺľݵ˶Աˣ֮⻹żɿֲ
ֹʥʵȻ̫һӸӵĿֲֻû뵽ʦʵȻصôΪ˼ҵĳ֣Ǻ뿪֪ʦˣҩʺͺҹһﻹûбչأţȫĿԱ֤ǵİȫһʦƼˣ½ӵĲʰ
һ㣬Ҷǿ϶
΢΢һҶڵĿʼԼϵˡ
ⲻǿһ֮Ҷȴʼ¶˿Цɫ
п˺鷳
ھĲһ𣬺ܶĵطʼˣĵطȴΪľЧʼָЩָȴԵĲͨĻָΪڶ֮ΪҶûа취ȥ޸ľİ£ʼ޸ֻ޸ƺϵĺ鷳ˡ
еĲһĵطҲΪľЧǿеһ
ʹడ
ҶЦ˵
ҪԼԵٴζѵЩȻµһ
ġ
ٴεĵһҶѾڳ鴤ˡ
֮УһɹɿµϵĴƻҶֻȴҶ£Ч𽥵ıѹȥ
Щ̫һӡֹʥҶڵ
̫žǿߵϾǺܿµģ뵽ҶڣоЩˣҿûа취
ֻҪԵĵʱˡ
΢΢ĳ˼һ֮Ҷ㿪ʼĿĻָ
˻
һĳ鴤
Ҷ忪ʼ
ղŵŬһʹ̲࣬סĿʼ
꣬Բʲô
ҶЦ˵
ţħǺǿĵĿһڡԲСƺǶҶʹ൱ĸȤ
ѾһӣҶûһ߷׳ա

ĲҽҿҶεȥҽУȴҲġ
֮У
ҵ𣿡
һشһ֮дݳ
֮£̫һ
ûа취ҪѰСӣ鷳
̫һӵ˿˿ĻߣҲ˵塣
ߣ̫һӣҪˣСӿɱҵĶӣ
ٴεĳ֣ܹ˵Ķ̫һֹʥ˭
ֹʥõϣƺҪѱȥ
̫һӵУһЩ⣬ԵĿʼ
̫һӣǲҪԼݣ˵˷ֵĻ֮ţУЩҲǺÿģõԼһ㣬õһϣȴһСʰˣЩƽ̵ӿֻԴ˵ˣ
⻹Ϊӵԭ쵰ôˣȻʱ򱬷˳ҿԼûǶѹס
ߡһҪȥˣһΣǲʲôˣһȥǵĻܻܿĵȼ;磬ɲǿȥǵģǿǺһεǿߣ
ֹʥȻҲΪļɵ֮вһֽ
ֵģħ̥ģǿ㹻ٴεĽĴ֮
뵽ħ̥ԼǰֿɵãȴٴεıԼŪˣʵǿҵĸо˵Ķ̲סĿʼˣ
߻ڽʱҶȴҲ뵽˻ָ졭


1487 ʯĲ
ķޱ
ʱ֮УƺҲʼþֹ
㾲ֹ̬ҶƺҲıƽ
ռȻӣҶǿĺܣŰ˲ͼİ£ȥȡİܿıԱˡ
һƬƬƬҶ֮ϣۻɷʥƬɼЩƬ֮УܶƬŹѵĺۼ
ܹҶϵƬ̶ȣȻĿ󵽣еĿֲжôĿº;ˡ
˿˿ҶٵĿ̲ϵƬ֮ϡ
ҶƬ֮ϣܿıĿɿĽ֮ʼ޲
ĳ˵ҪȵĻָĻõȴһʱˡ
ҶЦ˵
ϵĳ۴ʱѾѲˡ
һδεĶѾȥ޲Ḷֱ́ʹ
ԿµĺܣֱҪ
Ҷ컺س鴤ǣ뵽ǰʹ࣬ڻµĺܡ
˵ģҪٴεҲ൱鷳ˣ
ţħͻȻֻһĨŹ֡
ôˣ
ҶĿǺܿı˳һţۿ˹ȥ
һо޴ʯ·һдһ㣬ڳǷĳ
ֱҪ˿ʼв
Ҳ
Ҷ̲סʧĽ
Ͻ߰
ţħĺ
衭
ħţıǣճȥ
߱
Ҷƽӡһӡǿʼγɡ
飡
޴ʯʱıһ˳ȥ
߱ٴεչ˳
Ѫ֮Уˮһ㣬ٶȿľˣĵҲǲ٣˵Ѱʱ򣬵Ҳ㲻ʲôʱȴһǿµ顣
ԴԴϵһȥҶεȵĿֲʼЩ֧ŵΪǿ
ߡ
Ԧ߱Ҷĺȵ
ֵĽһѵҩ
ٴεĳķڡ

β˦ǿеĽһʯ顣
һɹɿֲȴڷĲ
ǧƵʯȻӶ濪ʼ˹
Щʯÿһö·һħɽһǿᣬڿռĴ߶£ֱһλǿߵȫ֡
Ԧ߱Ҷ˫ٴεĽӡ
ǳӡ
ԿµǳԿʯõķʽˡ

޴𶯣˿µĲ
Ҷ˫Ŀâ
ȭȭӡ죡
ӡȭ趯չֳǿĲ
չ֮У֮Բǧ׵ķΧ֮Уȭ֮С
Ŀ罣絶ϡ
̣Լ˰յʱ䡣
ڵĵҶţħ߼ⳤõĥ֮󣬿һƬĿյء

ҶＱٵĴϢš
ٴεĳ˵Ŀºۼ
ǿʯײӵ߱ȥӦȫʢʱڶܱ֤ԣӲҪ˵ʱˡ
ģǵҸȥ
ţħĺ
Ҷص˵ͷ
֮УǿļԦҪĵ̫ӴˣҪĵҲǿֲ
Ļָһѣ
Ҷ촭Ϣ˵
תʼĻָ
ҶϢ𽥵Ľ뵽֮С
ţħ˫Ŀϵسܽ䱸
תǴϵľѧκεһ־ѧ޷ġ
źϵ죬ü֮Уһ⻪˸
Ĳͷųȥ
ʱҶ˷·Ǻ滺ںһ
΢Ҷ쳢ŽԼ໥ںϡ
û뵽ǣһĸоʼγɡ
һĲ
ͷ·ԼѾȫľֹˣֻһжʼֹ
ʱ䡢ռ䡢һеһг׵ľֹ
㾲ֹҶʱ·һ㣬׵ʧеֻǾϵƿء

һ衣
꿪ʼ֡
һ
ʮ

ǧ
һ·߿һ㣬Ȼ쵽һ¡
Լ֮⣬ҶͣЪ
ʱʥӤĳ֣ͨ壬˸һĹââͷ·һǻۡƵĹâ
һ֡
һɱ䡣
ȻҶ첻֪ɱ䵽ǴʲôȴԸоԼҪһͻƵ
䣡
֮Уһ޴ķ˳
ǧǧ۷࣡
ͫͷޱߵǧ趯ѹأ
ǡʲô
ţħǧǧ۵ķ࣬Ҳ̲סһֹĸо
ɺ˸ſµ񽣶ҪĿ
ֲѹţħ֪ⲢǳԼʩѹȴҲ̲סзһֱ䡣
֮ϣһƽɫڻķ衣
֮УһϢ
طͷš
˿˿
ӵţħд󺧡
һ̫ˣ
ţħ뷨ҶȻǲ֪ģΪʱ׷һĸо
ָоͷ·һĻ֮Уоͬĸ֮С
ͣû˿˼ȴ˼ǧ
֮Уȴְ
Ҷ쿪ʼʧˡ
ϵ˺ɣȴƺǸо˿ʹ
Ҷʧ˲䣬һĲȴ˹
ֲĹŹ֣·ַ·ħĲͬǾʯһȴѾҶԭ
˫ĿȻ
͡
â˸ס
һռ䣬ɵĹԡ
ʱҶ˫ĿȴҲ¶һ˿㯵ɫ
ֲһϤĸо
ƺʲôطо
ֵĲɣҸоˣֲ˵Ҫ
Ҷ˵
ٴεĶҶڵĸоˣ㲨֮һ
ɲɲʲô
Ҷﲻϵ૵
ͻȻ䣬һâ˸Ժ֮У·һǻ񽣳УնһеҶԴһȴҲ¶˿ϲɫ
ʯǾʯ
ʯʲôƿʯ
Ҷӱеõ֮󣬱һֱΪ⾻ʯͷۣû˾ʯ޷ȥԽԼԭڵ֮С
ƺлˡ
ֻҪӵ˾ʯͿƿʱ涼ԱԼ
ֻҪ꣬ȫĿԴﵽ˲ƵЧ
˲ƣҶ߱ҲǿҪ֮ſԽ̶ȡ
ʯžʯĲ
Ҷĺȵ
ʯʲô
ţħ̲סĽе
һ̣ҶȴѾһʼ


1488 ֮
𣬷ṩ֮ҶѶϢ֮ˣԵõĺøУҴеõ˫䱦ĴΪ㳨ҩ䱦Ȩơѧ޲ɵã
𣬷ܹնɱҶ֮ˣɳΪ̫һӵĵӣ
𣬷ĵӣҶΪУȻħˡɷŹ
𣬷ǺҶ컹ϵ֮ˣĹгͽ䣡
𣬷ܹ׽Ҷ֮ˣΪƽ̵ӵ࡭
ʼˣ
ǿߣ֪Ҷ֣ӵĿʼˣеıһĴڡ
˷Ľһ졣
ߣ
ҶǿնɱһǿߣŴ̫žǿߣնɱ̫һӵһ־޷κǼҶ֮ˣǣСкȥԹ
һϵĳǱ֮Уһλħ֮սƿشĺȵ
֪ĶǿǲԸȥС䡢̬𣬴Ҷ֮ˣƵߣ
Ҷ죬һɲʲôǵǱչزĺã
˭ô׳գȥǸСӰˣ˭ĻܵȥǸħ
Ϣĳ֣ȻҲ䶯Ҳֻн뵽ħ֮ǿ߲Ż֪ҶǿҪҶ뵽λ֮ˣȴǴڡ
ЩҶȴǲ֪ģΪʱʹ֮С
֮ϣÿһļ޲һ״̬֮С
һʮʹ࣬Ǵݽߵ״̬Դ棬·Ǳһļ̸̴һ㡣
ʹ̲࣬סҪ𣬿Ǿʹ֮£ȴ޷ΪϲϵĴεĳ鶯
ʶ𽥵Ŀʼģ
ţħ쵰ûУ
ҶǿתĽе
ľСǡˣ
ţħϢҲҡ
Ǵľ룬ڵĴһ˿϶Уȴû뵽ոյĽ룬һʷǰķ籩ֱֲǿ˷ָ
ҳֵ̫ͻȻˣҶţħʵˣڵˣȴҲϾ֮УһܵصĴˣӵӦ˰յʯƣĺˡ
һʱ䱻籩׵İΧ
ȴҶٴεѵʱ򣬱Ѿһģˡ
ģţүү嶼ˣƺһɭְɡҲү뱻˸˰
ţħĴе
ʱţħǾ޴ţѾСȥһͨûʲô
һǰһĵ˵ϣҲ൱Σա
Ѿܱ𣿡
Ҷ̲סҪе
һɾʹȴٴεĴ̲סɾʹҶǰһĻ谵һ֮УоԼԴһľʹ󳹵׵ʧȥʶڻ֮ǰһ󾪺ȴ˳ģһ

ҶٴεĻָԼʶ֮ǰһѾİ쳣
ǿ˫ĿŤԼĲӣʱһɾʹ·һ㣬ǿʹ࣬ҶҪһ㡣
ţħһҲùʱȻСͨĴСϢȴԵ൱΢һûҶ쵹иһ
ħ̥ɲô׾ͻģһֻҪǸһʱ䣬ͿѸٵĻָ
΢΢ĴϢ֮ҶٴһԼļ䡣
ʱӰҶǰ
ҶоǾʯϢ֮󣬱ţħĳһȥȴû뵽ǣ˿µ籩Լ˸Ǳɿµķ籩˲ȥ
µĺܣһʱҶоԼ˾ͷ·һƬ֮һ㣬ͼѹ㹻˶׵ı
ҺãҶţħߵµĺܣƾǿ֮ǻͦȥˣֻȴ˫˫Ļ˹ȥ
ҼǵãԼƺڻ֮ǰƺ˳ҵǰ
Ҷ˼˵
˼ô⣬ҶоԼԴƺǶʼû
ʱȻǻ˯ʱ̣ҶԼ廹ǲģ漴ٵĽС
Ȼһ޶ԭո޸ʱٴεıòƲ
еĻҪأҪ£
ҶεĿЦ
΢΢һҶǿֲֿʹ࣬಻ԣʱȴǵѡ
ŵʼľۼ
ҶڵĽԼϵ˸š
𻵵ĸأǵ֮ȴҲҶ֪Լ仯ҩɾȵġ
ʱ㹻һָһʵˣʱ䣬ϵްľӵĿԼӿٶȣܹŰ˲ͼǾ͸ˡڵ޷Ű˲ͼӵûа취е
ҶЦ˵
ԼڤͶϵĶǴ֮ãеĵҩǵͼӦϵȴҲû˿İġ
ҲǿſµΪ֧ţû˵Ļͷϵˡ
򣬸̫һӡֹʥǶŰɣһʳծҶһȥȡģ
Ҷв޺
ĿһܣȻһжķ䡣
Ҳ˵ԼӦһС
һ㣬ľϴԸоĶСȥĸооΧװҲǻ󣬿ĳ
ܵĹϻƣڳ䣬»ֵơ
¯ڻð̷̣裬ζ
֨
Ҷ컹ڹ۲ʱ򣬳Ȼ
ȻһĽҶ֮С
һλµŮģȥʮӣԵÿɰ쳣
Ҷ쾭ܶ࣬Ů˸࣬޾׵ǼˣҶ춼̫̫ˣǰ֮ˣȻԵΪۡɬȴһ崿Ϣ
崿ھҶ˵һС
ŮҶһ㶣漴¶˿ĵɫϲ˵
㡭ˣ
ԷСֲϵضţСȻǿģһɫ֮Уȴһ˿䱸;нҶϤΪڴһѹֵĻ²Żɵġ
Ҷлľ֮
ӶԷϴֵζϣҶԸоԷǾԼˡ

ŮſĵЦݣ˵ڱԵĿʼñղҪ˺ܶࡣ
ʲôط
Ҷڵ̲סĶŮʵ
⡭֮򣡣


1489 ľ֮
֮򣡣
֮Ҷ΢΢һ
֣ҶȻزİһʱ䣬Χ˽ġ
֮һ׵ĵطȻҲ򣬵Ǻ֮ҲûжٵĽϻԵЩԶ
һʱ޷Խ
ҲҶ΢΢һ
ڵ޷Ű˲ͼӵ޷ƿˣ׷ĻҪȥҲѵġ
ޡ磬û°ɣ
ƺ𽥵ĸоҶûжٵΣԣŮԭıҲʼ˲٣˵֮Ҳ𽥵ĿʼЩ滺ƽȣһζĽͰ͡
Ŷû£֪ʲôء
ҶЦ˵
Цݣû˿ʣ漴ıŮ죬С΢΢һ죬С˵
ҽ࡭
𡭡
Ҷϸϸľ׽֣ŶԷԵĿʼ¶˽֮ɫС̲סЦ
ְ
۵϶ʱ¶һĨ糺죬һɫ֮УȴſĵĲȻҶĿ佱ΪĿġ
ĳ𣿡
ǺͨĺţûʲôţħС˵
Ҷ΢΢ƲԴں˯ţħ΢΢һЦ˵ͷ
ǰһܽƻĳȵָ֮Ժһ档

֣µĵ˵ͷ
ƺǿҶΪһ˿⣬ɵĸˡ
Ů뿪ıӰҶٴε˴ϣ˼
ط򵥰Ȼ޴󣬵޷ڶʱ֮쵽ģֻǣһҪúõĻһԼʵ̫ˣҲ޷֤Էʲôʱͻ֣ҡ
뵽ʱҶ˫Ŀ΢΢һ
ңʲôطǿʵ֮
ʵ
ʵ
뵽˵Լţħߣ̫һӣûлֵĻᣬźҹҩڰе֧֣ʦάϵǣҶ쵨ҿ϶һΣ׶༪ˡ
ڴϣҶٴε˼˺ܶࡣ
ܿҶȴʼЩҵķ£һһĿʼָԼʵ
ϵƻǺܿ¡
ҶʱѾ˥˼¡
Ѿ˺ܴŽһ˿˿ۼһ
һ˿ںһ𣬶ͷ˿һĴϸҶЩЦõĸоεȵĿֲھۼСͷ˿ʵҪѪĳ嶯
¿ͷѣҶǴΪͼ߿ʼڵġ
ǿ־ҶЩ˿Ĳ⣬һһĿʼԼʼۼ
ۼٶȿʼǿܿ죬ͷ˿ڵĿʼγ˴Լϸĳ̶ȡ
ز֮ҶҲʼľۼ࣬ٶϸӵѸ١
ʱҶȴʼ¶˿˿֮ɫ
ϵĳۿʼʪ͸ĺˮʼӿ·ϴһĿ¡
ʹ
ǿҵľʹ
ʹ˺ۿʼγɵģռ籩ǿ󣬳˾ѵ֮⣬Ǻ˽ģĲںһܵһǿԼ˷籩ľۼκεһ뵽УͽܵԼҲǵҶᱻ˺ԭ
Ǹӿµ֮е̫ĲӣҲҶҪ൱鷳
һʼĻ룬ҶʹҲڲϵǿ
ǰԵڶȻɵĻЩģȴԵûʵ

ʹϵĴݶ
Ҷ̲סĿʼҵֽЩʹࡣ
䣬ļ䡭
Ҷõ൱Ķ֮࣬УӴѶϢ
һ
ѸٵĽһƿ
ʱѶϢҶԺ֮С
һһλµţС֮ں˻ħޣͨһļ֮УҶȴ֣鲢ôļ򵥣һȻţȴҲû˵񻰡
֮һõħ޵ںϣ̶ܴȴΪǿߴܵĳ֡
֮߳Ȼֹʥ
ֹʥԼĽһͻħ޵ںһȴҲֻм˲֪
Ҳٳһ񻰰Ĵ˵
ֹʥһߣ̸ȵģͷΪ֮УиţƵϵҲԳΪ
Ҷ첻޶
һ֮Уܶ࣬Ϊֹʥڱһõĺôʵ̫̫ˣԵõؼ;ѧһСͿЩҪӴĻֲſԵõĵҩһԶһ㣬˲֪ˡ
Եģһ׳գҲЩǿ֧УǿͿֲģ
ҶԽıһ
ȵȡʲô
ҶͻȻһһμԺ֮С
һμ΢ļ䣬μ֮Ի΢ȫΪڴμʱһҲǸӡ
ǵĿһμ˲䣬Ҷȴʼ

ǿҶ˫־ȴҲڴʱЩʧ̬ˡ
ھ֮УôõʱˣҶҲѰҵһǱǽ֮
ǳ֮⣬Ҳûҵڶټ
ڣһļ֮УҶȴҵһļ䡣
һļ֮Уֳ˴ɫ̵ķ·ɫˮһ㣬·ȥɽѵһ㡣
оɫȴԵĴˣľ֮ӣ
ӵˮҶȻϤޱȵġ
һ۱㿴ԡ
ľ֮ģȻһļ֮лһľ֮ҵλãһҪҵľλã
ҶﲻϵĽе
ǾʱҶȴ׵ɵˡ
ΪĿˣһļ֮УȻֹʥͳȥˡ
֮򡭡Ȼ͵֮֮У
Ҷı鿪ʼùŹ
֮֮򣬶ֹʥȴľ֮͵֮֮У
ѵ˵֮ҵĸزɣҸоˣžʯĲطľ֮Ĳһ֣㹻׬ˡ
Ҷ૵

һɾƺǲҶ˷ܣȻ͵Ĵһľʱһǿӵ֮ͷŶ
ۡ
һںѪʱϵʼγϸСϪת
ľõҶ֧֣ʼ

ڴʱͻȻˣһɿµײˡ


1490 ˣ
һ൱֮ʼò֡
Ҷ˫Ŀ΢΢漴ĳŶԷ˹ȥֻһ۶ѣһ̣Ҷ˫ĿѾˡ
ֻһվǳǰɫƵĿҶ죬Ϊ׵һˣݸ߰һӣĸߴ࣬ӵǴһĨӢֻڶԷȴһСӰ
ǲ໹˭
ʱཿСϴ˿˿ʹ͵ӣ΢΢ҧסһ֮иίĹâ
Ҷ˫Ŀ˲һˣϵѾڰԵת
һ˵ʵԼڴ첻ĳ̶ȣһǿߣҶڵĳ̶˵Ѿ㹻ٻȻ޷ӳȴҲӵСС졣
Ȼһ࣬ˣȻҽһѵ˵ΪžԵʴ֮ȥЩ𣿡
һһഫ
˵һλ毺õ촽Ůˡ
ʱһּ˼µڶѵţ̬ͬһݵһ㡣
Ůˣȴȥ磬ֻС˵
ǣСͬġҡҲֻǡ
ž
һǶݺݵش۵ϣŮӵ﷢˸Ӽ
΢ŮˣȻѧᶥˣɲҪˣ㣬һ΢ϵѪףѪ˼£Ǹȥϵǰİ壬εĻ뵽ѩң㻹ѧŶˣҽҺúõĽѵ㣡
ߺߣСѾͷԽԽˣ
ӻĿ˵ϴһ˿˿񣬵ǺȻ˫Ŀ֮ڣ˸һ˿ĹâǹâѩɫѲš
ڿӵı֮Ů˵ȴʼøӿ̱Ϳ
Ҷ΢
ڶԷһƴȥ˲䣬ҶѾɱ⡣
༴һССĵλ֮ˣҶ쿴ȴԼľˣһɡ
ס֣
ʱһݳ
תͬǻУƺԲ֮ϣ˲Щ롣
ǴС㡭
̲ס¶һĨı顣
ˣͬˣǷǳʱڣҪ鷳°ɣ
ٴεĳ֡
֮УȴԵĴһƣͲӣȻһεҲֻɵĳֶѡ
ԷȻǺȻ˵ûгֻ֣ﴫˡ
ߡͱˣȻʺһģ澣һãһȴԵûˣ
ŮӼĽе
εһѽһԣһ˾뿪ˡ
û°ɣ
Ҷһѷס࣬еʵ
ʵ̫ѻˣΪԼĴ󲿷ʵûлָڵʱ֣඼޷ҶԻڴʱºֵġ
Ҷı˵ĶԴѻǾǽȴѻ˼¡
ûû£磬ô˰ƻصģǡҵĵҩΪ԰ָƵģ
༱æĶҶ˵ױһĴӻóһöɢŵĵҩžӨС¶˿ĵɫεȵĴ⣬ڿ˶Էһ͵İӡҶȴݺݵһŭȼա
һΣˣǣԵûһΣҶһҪҸֻһεĹ
Ϊʲô鷳
Ҷ˵
࡭ŵĵӣҸźԶѪףǸײأǸʱͺС˸ײŻƤȥѩңȻõõһܣ
۵СҶ΢΢һһ֮ѸٵĻϣ漴Ķһ΢΢ĸ
֮εȵ޶ҪĴڣӵһ֮ӵ˵ڶ
Ҷȴ֮ľݽˣҲûа취ǰСѾͷԱȡ
ҶƵĶϵ˺Ѿ׵ʧˣоԼϴĸоС̲ס¶˾ȵɫ
ֻһССİ
ҶЦ˵
磬Ǿ°ɣ
࿪ĵĿҶЦ˵
ǹСϣ޲ǿɫ
һСһ
Ҷޱȸж֮Уˡ
һöҶ΢΢һҩʦȻ֪ҩĺûڿһö֮ȴ̲סһŭ⡣
һöֻһöͼ˼ĵҩѰ˵һոս뵽СǾС˵ĵҩҲֻǿ԰߾ۼٶȰˡ
ȻǲǾΪһöͼĵҩȴ˵ȭཻҶĵŭȻ޷ơ
лл㡭
ҶЦ˵
Ȼ֪ⵤҩԼ˵һ˿İûУҶȴصĽһöҩŵϵĹâһĺ󣬷·Ƿ˵ҩ֮󣬱Ѹٵķ˸ıһ㡣
࣬ҵƣͿڶʱ֮ڻָˣ㲻ҪΪҶȥҪҩģ
Ҷ˵

Ҷӣٵĵ˵Դ
΢΢СһԴϸţҶһ࣬˵
࣬ѩһƺڸ·Ϊʲô
һʱ䣬ҶҲ΢Ĳˣ·һ·΢ſͣЪʱƺΪȡʱһ㣬ҶǺ档
ǵģ
ı¶˺ӣǿɰС˵
Ϊѩһѣѩ֮Ĵ壬һֱ¥ǼĴС㣬һżȻĻµõһΪħ֮ĵŷ˵ʹѩҵʼӵӴȻƵĸħ֮ĺ٣ȴΪ˾޴棬ֻз磬ѩҸħ֮ĵĳ֣ҲĲ˵ʼѩҷ˽⵽ϵĴѹ⸽ħ֮ģҲΪҪõ֮
Ľ˵
ҶıȴĽ˵ʼԽŹ
ѩҡħ֮ġ
аԵֹ֣Ժ֮һӰҲ漴ĳֳ
ԼļûгִĻԼƺ뿪֮õһΪħ֮ĵҩŷҲΪ⸽ħ֮ĵĵҩҲõ˲ٵĺô
¥
¥
ǸŮ˲ǽѩ
ѵô𣿡
ҶпʼЩŹֵ
ղǸоЩϤĲڿĻƺѩ


1491 
ѩ
뵽֣ҶԺ֮ٴεĳ˶ԷӰ
ѹֵԼ뿪֮󣬽뵽۳ǣǵҩĴ˰׵ۣѩֱӵӵģĳѩݲˣȴû뵽ԷȻ̶ȣʥ˵ҪĶ࣬ӵĲҪ˵СС۳ˡ
࣬ǴСΪѩ
ҶһĨŹɫ˵

һ㶣ľϲ˵
Ҳ֪ǼС𣿡
Ҷ̲סķ˷ۣ
Ȼ˰
ǺǣǼСôĳȻ֪ҲǲΪˡ
ҶЦ˵
Ŷ⵹ҲǣǼСĺܣҺ׷˿Ǻܶġ
¶һĨݵɫһ۾֮УͲҪðɫСˡ
ĳѩڶԷǼĵλӰܸߡ
һǴô
Ҷ˵
忪ʼݺѩңӦҲһĿġ
Ҳ֪
ҡҡͷ֮ŵ˵
ֻ˵ƺҪѰһλҩʦǾ飬ûʸ֪
Ҷ΢΢һԼĲ²⵽еԭ򣬲Ҳֻڲ²⡣
磬Ϣһ°ɣҪȥˡ
ͻȻ뵽ʲôС鲽ٵ뿪Ǻܿڳ⣬ҶһĺǳԵںӳó費¡
Ҷ˫ĿΪһϸߣɺ֮Уȴ˿˿ĺâͫΪâһ㣬˸˿µɱ⣺
ʵϽĻָʵȺһԽˡ
ҶľˣҶȻ̫ܵίġ
ҹɫٴεĽ٣ʱûҶ죬ҲֻʱƣҶһЩʳ뿪ˡ
˫Ŀ΢΢ıպϣҶʼתľҲڲϵ̲ҶÿһľľǴﵽۻɷʥľ磬ͽ˺նԴﵽ
ڻָĹ֮൱ԡ
ת˲յʱٴεĹȥˡ
ԭҪյʱܹ׻ָʱȴѾȫĻָ˹ӵΪľЧҶѾ𽥵ĽԼŰ˲ͼ֮ѸٵĴȡ˵ҩ
һǳ֮ʼЩǾ˼µÿһɶ㹻̲ҶӵĴ߶Ҷڣһö̫ӡǵת
̫ӡǵתʱΧγɵ𽥵Ļ۳ΪһССУҶĺ֮вϵĴ





ҶĺγһƵʿʼʩչΧҲʼ֮Ťγɣ۵Ҷ֮С
ţħһҶҲʱĴһɹɵ֮ܿĶԷ˸Ӧ
ӵģүˡ
ڵģ֮γһģ֮ţħˡ
žžž
ϵγһɿµħħ죬ΪҶ춯Ѹ٣ħ»һѽ
ʵ㣬ǻҪһʱ䣬û൱鷳ġ
Ҷ쵭˵ƽӡһ֮ٴεĹעΪһööӵķģţħħѹ̲ŶԷ
˰һҪƣ㿴ΪƵԭŵָıˡ
ţħһоӶҶ˵

ѾʮǷ⣬ħ̥γɵҶ춼Ҫһ˳Ե
̫ˣҶѾµĺˣڻָȴ޷ţħħ̥ԿԷֻԵĶ£ڽҶ֮֮󣬾ȻѾָˡ
ҶƣԼҪȫָĻҪղɡ
ҹĻ֮һԵЩ
һĿʼγɣҶķ֮С
磬ҷȥԿɡ
ٴεƿˣСȻһľݣǻ¶˿ĵЦݶҶ˵
Сһ൱֪㣬˶ãȴҲȥԹޣҵİοҲΪԸԭ򣬵ŻᱻѹȣȭߵĳΪ˱㷹
ð
ҶЦ˵
ֵСһԴ࣬һ֮ȴѸٵлۣ̲
һѣҶ֮ϵ֮޵ǾǱ䱦Ҫ֮˵̲ĻֱǱ
ЧϣɣǾõķˡ
Ҷ֮ϵϻۣܿģСϵƣѾ׵ʧˡ
ʱҶ첻ϵĳ֣̲֮壬ӶʹСһȻϻʲô̫ı仯ʵϣѾı䣬Ƿ˷츲صı仯
ڵȥѧٶȿ±νŶҪֲǧٱ
֮УܹľΪ̲ˣҲѴһˡ
֨
΢΢ƿš
ʱһɿζӭ
һѶѵĻȼŻ棬һӰϵ߶һʱ滻ǣҶһγΧ֣ȻĴһɭֵݡ
ߣ΢֮ˣȻˣҲһǴ䰡
һ̶
ֻ֮ǰλ̱ŮˣڳҶ¶мɫĻɵĿ̱
ŮˣʱҶҲ֪˶ԷݣΪѩѩҵֱϵѪλҲͣһֱǸ߰ĺܣڵλ΢֮ˣӵĿȻЩλԵ֮˵Ů㲻ʲôˡ
ѩˡ
Ȼѩ̱ȴ̲סضе
λµļ澣ʲô
ѩüͷһ˫Ŀ֮¶ɫе
ǡҪԵ㶫
ĸ󵽣ܵѩĳ̶жôء
Ҷüͷ𣬾ҪʱͻȻѩȻһת
ӴҪԿⰡðﻹһûģǵˡ
ѩϴŹı顣
С϶ʱ¶˿ĵɫ֮󣬱Ҷ쳯һȥ
ǵߵ֮Ҷɫȴøѿ
ȷʵһЩûп⣬Щ϶嵱УΪ͵ĵطӲ˵ζҲǺܺã͸ˡ
Ҫտӵ鷳
ȴѾǿĵʰ
ƺǽ²˶Ҷ΢΢һ֮ѩתҡҷŽ뿪
࣬ɡ
ҶЦ˵
廹ûء
ҪԼ⡣
ǱҶù˸ֲϡ
ЩȻѿҶĻ֮ǺεȵǿȻĿŻ棬鷳
Ĵó˵ͿĨ棬ѾҪˮСѾͷЦŽһǵݸ
԰ɡ

ȻܶˣˣҲܾٵĴڳ
ҶٴεһǣǺܿüͷȴ΢΢֮ԵĸоˣΧһɲڳӿ²ҪӵʱͿˡ
࡭Ϣ
Ҷ컺Ŀ˵
ڴھ׽ĿҶһۣȴĵ˵ͷ

Ҫ𣿡
ҹɫҶЦ


1492 ɱ¾ʼ
΢֮ˣȻǵⶼԳԵô𣬹Ȼǵλµȵ˰
Ҷ˵Цĳſӣѩ̲ס˵
ǰǸС椣ҿ罻Ҵĺã
һ˿˵ϴλ첻ǿߡ
Ҫ֮ˣȵȥ֮Ҿͽˣ
ѩϴ˿˿⣬Ц
ߵȻСȴûùҶ죬˫Ŀɺ˸Ѿɱ
ѩˣҶ첻˽⣬Ů˾Ȼѡ֣ҶûκεѡӵŮˣѾҶгΪһˡ
һ֮ˣ
ˣȻûжٵ񣬵ͬһȴҲҶԽЦһϵ˿µ˵Ҷǲϲ
磬ôأ
ҶԴӣŬľ׽һ鿾⣬ɣҶ˵
СһһɰӣҶԵЦЦСһԴ˵
԰ɣ
ǺܿҶоˣΧϢʼ𽥵ı仯
ҹɫɱӿʼŨ쳣ֶκͲȻǴŶԷѾʼԽĽӽǡ
ɣɱ¾ɣ
ҶаԵЦ
ȲѣûҶǲѡֵġ
ҲֻܹҶб뷨ѩˣҶŶԷԱֶεģˣҶû˿ģӵĲѡȥֵġ
ܼ֮£
һΣͬҵѩһģ
һݶ
Ǵһ洫ġ
һĺԦ
һּƥȻѰƥû̫Ĳ𣬵ʵϣ൱Ĵ󣬴˵̲ŹϵħѪ˱Ѱħޡ޶ҪֲҲΪһ˵ļ۸һֱǾӸ߲£ҲСЩǿŻǹϵĴ壬˸޷Ԧƥ
ȻҲҶע⡣
ֻŵһķ
̵·ĹװΣ޲˵һݺ͵λ򵥡
ǴС
ŬĽһ鿾ȥ֮Сֹ
Խ㲻Ҫ˵ˣǲӦģѩҵ飬ȻѩԼμҵˣȻĲҪΪѩҵķˡ
һö
ȻĴһζ̬ȴһǿźͼᶨ
Խӡ
üͷǴҶѧģƺǸоΪ˼һֱȥģ£һСӡ
ŶԷüĶҶЦЦ˵
Խʲôˣ
ཫСٴεĿ˻ѣƺǸоůϢС¶Цݣ
ԽμҵĶӣʵλ󣬴һֱ׷ǼҴС㣬һҲĸģֻǴСƺǶû̫ĺøУ
Ҷص˵ͷ
˽Ҳ࣬ҶȴǿԲ²
ȻԽ׷ѩǶԷľܾҲԣκεԽ֪ˣҺԵģһѩҳ˴ѣԽΪԼĻᵽˣͼȥѩΪԼѩ
С
вмЦһ
ԽˣҶǲ֪ģǶѩҶô˵ǺйһνŮˣҶ컹˽һЩġ
ѩ޵ĺܣʵȴҲһĸŮˡ
ƺʵȴǿĺܣֻҪ׼飬ٵĻԸıģҲΪһԭԽʱȥְȥҪЮѩֱͲսѩĵ׼򣬶ҺȻģһѾһ׼ԺԽ˿»ѩи׵ųġ
ߡȻҵİͽ飬Ҳûа취һڵģ
顭
һײ֮һӰ֡
˴ԼʮӣΪĿĿͦΣ֮дһ˸Ҳһߡ
Ǹ߰ӣȴ˴߱ȱ㡣
˸ӲޱȣžԵԽУΪ˲õһܵ˴֮ǽ᳹׵˥ˡ
һмǣԽǰ
һ˲ˣÿһλ϶һɿֲϢԵĴﵽ˴첻ľ磬Ϊ֮ҲֻܹǿߣСС֮֮Уȴǿµ
һ˵ĳ֣ҶҲ֪ԽΪ˽ԭˡ
ιӣҪ뿪𣿡
Խ³ѩ϶ʱĶЦݵĿŶԷ¶˿ĺĽı飬Ͳ˫ۿʼðˡ

ԽԵĶŮ˲ðֻ΢΢ĵ˵ͷٴؿһǺһ֮뿪
Խ뿪Ļǵİȫôأ
һʧĿԽ뿪ѩ̲ס¶˲ı飬˵
С㣬һᱣģ
λһĿѩ˵
ԷŴ첻ΪȻҲʸ˵⻰ġ

ѩص˵ͷ漴ĿһҶ̲࣬סһ
֮ˣֻǻ˷ʳ
С̲סһ䣬ȦҲʼú
ȻǱԷĻµòᡣ
ûµ࣬߰ɡ
ҶһЦο
ҹɫԽ
ɭ֮Уһ֮Ϊµʱڣҹ
ҹ֮Уħ޺͹ǲŻ֣ĿҲϲҹ֮ʳ
ʱΧһĽǶѪĿ֮
һеսʿǲϵΧѲţеѾУս׼
һѶѵĲѻȼ֮󣬻죬òٵȴ
ҹˮҶ˫ĿȻպȥȴû˯ţǲϵ꿪ʼɨΧۼ
ΧϢʼԽһĺҶ춼ʼоˡ
𣿡
Ҷһ˿⣬˵
ٵĳһ˹ȥ
Ůĺݳ
Сһ˯õǲ
ҶЦ
͡
Ӱ˸ҶٵһŹ֮ϣźɫҹĻïܵҶڸס壬ɺ˸֮УҶ˫ĿѾʼһ˹ȥ
һеսʿѾһǰ档
¶ȱ䰡Ȼôҹҹ
һսʿ˵
ǰǸΪı΢֮ˣȻһķﻹǰ˯ջĺܰ
һٴε˵
Ǹ΢ѾͷƺѾѩСĲܿ澾ҪùˣʮͣƺҲԲժ˰ɣ
˷˲Ц
Ҷ˫Ŀ֮еĹâʼԽԽȴ
͡
һ⻪˸ͬ»һȻ˺գնɫҹĻ
һսʿɫ䣬ǻǷӦ˺ܶ࣬ĸ˲ı˺
Ϯ
ߣȻϴžɫȴǴ֮ˣٵķӦĺ


1493 Ԫң
ʱģһǿϢѾٵӿ˳
һֳһµĺɫ󽣣¶˲֮ɫĿʣµߣ漴ٴεӰ֡
͡
һнγɣаٵΪһпµķ籩һ㣬ǿеĽǵֿλսʿ˺ѳΪ⡣
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ʮ֮УΪ׵һλһеȵӡ
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һУҲһµľ޽ȴ㹻ѹסԷǿֲ˲뵽˴첻ĳ̶ȣöԷɫ䣬ʣ¶˵ӵɫ
ǵĴˣл˵Ķ飡
һеʮ˵ĶѾ
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˵ǿʵȫĿѹܶǿˡ
ѩҵҲȻնɱλսʿǵĲҽȴѩ˵ע⣬Ѹٵһеս⿪ʼ̶Ӱγɡ
͡
ݡ
ĲӰ˸ʱʼ
һӰ˸»ıˣһָ߹ƣȻݱɴڸǣȴҲԸоһӰˣԵһλŮӡ
ѩ
˵ĳ֣Ҷһ۱㿴˶Էݡ
ֹϣâɱ¾ۼ⣬ÿһ©һɾ˵ԪҵˣǹȻ˰
ŵϵĲ֫ѩ˳Ȼһ㱡ɴһ֮ͷŵķŭâȴԵ൱
ѩҴСϻ˫յһȻ鴫
Ϊ׵λżе¶˵ЦݣĿ˵
ԪҵЦ滢ԪҲжţһȻʹŵһ޶յĺ˰
ѩĻ֮дһǿţӵĲȥƶԷƺǶЦ滢Ԫ޺
⵹Ҳѹ֣˭Լ˱նɱˣ¶˿ĺøеġ
𣿡
Ԫ޵ɫ΢΢һ䣬һ֣ĳѩѹ˹ȥ
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ʱһ޴Ӱѩǰ
˵뷢޲ǽɫĹâеһ޽ӵĿֲ
˵ĳ֣Ҷ̲ס¶һĨŹֵɫ
ҶȻҲʶԷһֱѩߣŽʨӣΪʨϡ
ֻǸо˵ΪС첻𾳵ĵزڿʵǵ΢ˣԵԼʵ
뵽Щ֮ҶҲ̲סľһ亹
Լ޼ɵĺܣ˵ѩҪڳԺڵĴԼеõʲôôĻ½ʨһָͷͿԼġ
ҶڿĲ˶Էʵ˵ʵѾﵽ˴첻ΪұЦ滢Ԫ޸ӵĿһЩϾԪ޵ʵڴĳزԵǸոսǽʨӵȴԷҪֲȻûн뵽첻۷壬ȴҲʱҪúܶġ
ϣ
ʨеľ޽ݺݵϴ롣
ʱһײһɿֲϢ漴
ǿϢֲޱȵ趯һ޴ʨӰ֮гֳ
𣡣
ʨŭ𣬲˿µЧֻŭѣһȴѾһɿµĿ硣
žžž
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Ц滢Ԫ޵һѾǿ˺һС
漴о޽񱩵˻һ޴ӰҲ漴ĳֳ
˵Ļһͻͻһɿµ
׻ΪޣȻͻĻȻûް׻ľˣȴҲĻɷ֮
ʨӰ֮ϲϵµ쭷磬漴ĸӵǿŭʼΧɢ
֮䣬·γհ磬޴ϷֳΪ֣Ѻۣ֮Ѹٵӣ϶µĹѣ𻨿ʼٵıȥ
ߡ
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ʨӵһʨ𣬾޽ٴεסʱϿʼøӿֲ
ޱߵİԵ֮ڵĽ֮Ŀֲѹʼγһߵ̬
Ц滢Ԫ޵ɫ΢΢һ䣬漴ȴһЦ
ʨӹȻ鴫ǡߵ˿ǲ٣ǻʲôɱ
ʱĽʨӵɫһ䣬ȻģЦ滢Ԫߵǿǣ׷׵¶˿Цı飬еıз裬Ѹٵĳѩҵսʿǳɱȥ
ѩٸһλᣬ⸽ħ֮ĵƷֻҪǽ֮ԪҿԱ֤ѩҵİȫӵĿԽħ֮ĵõָһɣ
Ԫ޵ٴεĽе
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ѩҵսʿǣȻʵǺԪҵȺȽϣȴǲ˲٣һʱ䣬Ѫ֮УǿѾ˵ϡ
ѪȾ˴أһʱɱ֮ʼγɡ
˵ս־Żĸıı䣬ʱѩ֮ˣȻԼ߱ɱĿʼ˱֮ϿʼС˲١
䡭
ʨӵʵԪȻҪֲ֣ڽ˰֮󣬶ʱһѵס˶Էľ޽ŶԷʧ˲䣬һնɱ˹ȥ
ۡ
ֲľ޽ſµӿʱԪѪɡ
Ҳʱһɿֲĺ֮ȴӲԶ
Ʒ·һɽһ㣬ѹȻľˣ֮һеĲľ;ʯѹΪ촷ۡ
ǡ
ʨӵɫ
ʨӣѵ˵Ԫ֮Уɲֻһǿ߰
ѩϵıɴҲ˺ѣ¶գǴʱȴžɫ
Ԫޡѵ˵ǶԪޣ
ѩȻǻ۳ȺԪҵĵһǿߣԪޣ

ʨӿеľ޽ĳŶԷնɱȥ
ĽӰγ˿µľ޽籩
ĽԪ޵С
䱸
ѩĽе
ģԪޣԪȺ쵰
ѩϱԽ
ԪȻ֪Ԫҵǿߣһսʵڴ첻۷ľ硣
۷壬ǿǱʨӸӵĿֲһԪУ߶ͬǿߣ㹻ѹסʨһ˵ġ
һܳУԴǿȻˡ
¡¡
Ťʱһ˷֮ϣһ̤һ漴ٴε趯һȥ
ۼţһҪˣѹƣʨӸӵĿֲ·һħһֲ
Ǿһ˲䣬ɺȴı
һ̣һӰѸٵĳŶԷȥ


1494 
ˣ
ĳ绯˿µķââʼۣĦΪһǿ̬ſиȥ
֮Ѻ۶ʼ֮һ㣬͵˺顣
Ҷˣ
ǿֲӰʱѾһٴεѹȥ
ֲž֮дһ󾪽
ģ
ԭϷҶ죬ʱȴòˡ
䡭
̷裬˲˶Է
ߣ
Ӱ֮ͷųһмĿʼŭ
ֱӺأ񷡣
ʱԷӰʼԳչֳǾ˵̬
һߴӣﵽ׶̬¡ļ⣬ÿһ綼·̲ſͷѵصŤǿļ·ڲϵſڲԵΪǿıƵʵԵʡ
ǿʵǷκεһطһǿߣӵĲҪ˵ֵ֮طˡ

оҶĴ֮󣬴˵ٴεĿ񱩵ŭһһײеɷޱߵѪ֮ʼȻı
һ޴ìʼ衣

𻨷ɽɿֲײһ
ߵԶʱ໥ײ֮󣬳׵ɢˣǴʱӲʹ˷ŹҶ죬һֻ֣˾޴ɽһǿеѹ
ֲʼ·ҪһضΪ֮һ㡣
ˣҶѾ֪ݣΪԪ޵
֮ԾӣȻʵɱ¾Ҳǿ󵽵ġ
ǾȻʵ
Ц滢Ԫ޵¶һĨȵɫ
ѩû˵ȴҲڰԵľȣɣⲢŵˣҶûļƻ֮С
ĵȻȴΪĬϵı֡
ߣԪ޴˿ɲ̶ȿԱģʵȴҲ޷ȥ
䡭
һ̣һɾ޴ȴЦ滢Ԫ޵Ȼֹ
ֻҶ廯֮ˣȭͷ裬ȻĳŶԷƴȥ

ը飬Ԫ޵ϴ޷ŵɫҶ죬ȫû뵽Ҷ쾹Ȼ˺Լơ
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ҶһʵɲֻˣΪʵûг׵ĻָĻԸһ첻𾳵ǿߣҪķô
ڵҲֻȫĻָԼϵָҪһģϵĶԿȴԵĲẦ¶Էġ
ӡȭȻͽǿȭȴ档
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Ԫ޵ɫ䣬һֻֻӶìȻĳҶ̴ȥ
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Ѿ̴Ѻۡ
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ҶۻɷʥԵǷֱӵưס˶Էìһɺ˸˹Ĺâ
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ХĺҶͷųһ޴ģӰʼֳ
սӰ޾սٴ£˿ֲĲ

ŭ֮ĳ֣޾ĲƿʼѸٵ󣬶˾㵵֮УԪ޵徹ȻҶìյɰ֮С
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ٴε趯·һεһ㡣

ӲĵʱĳһµӣҶ㹻Ĵﵽĵز
Ԫ޵ûҶǿ󣬶ʱıҶ֮ٴεĿ񱩵趯
͡
ѪɽµΧһԪҵǿ߳׵Ĵɡ顢
Ƿ̵ǣԪޱ

ֲĺԪ޵﷢

Ҷһָֻ֣΢΢Ŀ֮Уʱٴεγɡ
͡
ѷ
ϵľѧؼֳȻϱҶȫʢʱںҪС˲٣ǶԸԪȴԵĹˡ
ѷĳ֣γ˿µķУпʼۼٴϳΪܲ͸Ĺһ㣬ɨѪɽѪ쳣⾪㵵֮УʱԪ޵ǿеиΪڣ

Ц滢Ԫ޵Ĳҽ
Ԫ޵ļֵ̫Ҫˡ

Ѫ裬֫䣬ʱȻǴȥ̬ʱԪ޸ǲУЦ滢Ԫ޲ǰ׳գӵԪһԼνǳΪ˱ɱĵһ󣬲̫ˣϵѡ˳
ôɣµ㶫Ϊɣ
һǽʨӵһʱо˳
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͡
һֱ۶ѣԪҲ׺֮ˣȻһԣ˲ļӿ뿪ٶȡ
ҶӰ΢΢˸ٶȣȻԶܹ˵ѲӣٵĻصԼķ֮С
һȻҲʧӣһԾķ赽ǧ֮⣬ʧ
ѩѩл˵ĳˣʲôҪȥѩѰң
ʧķѩæĽе
С㡭
ʨӵĽе
δ֪ǵˣʱҲʲô鷳ǵϢ©ˣԪѾˣ֪ǼǲҲѾоҵ뿪˵ĻǺ·;Ҳᰲȫٵġ
ѩϣת֮Уȴ˿˿â
Ǹһɺޣɶ񣬵˸ħ֮ı뿪ˣ
ӣҧסѩϴһĨΣԺиǳǸɶѩӡ
ĻԵĲˣ
ٴκݺݵһǸɺ޵ļһѩ漴ƣ󻺻ضԽʨ˵
ʨϣﻹжʱ䣿
ʨӴóһɫ֮Уſ˵
ڵλѾӽˣǵٶ˵ֻҪڹȥʮյʱͿԸϹȥˣ
ʮյʱ𣿡
ŵϵѪʱѾսʿǽЩ֮
У̫ˣҹζ࣬ҹҹ·Ҫʱ֮иϵȥӱޣҹ·Ļһʱģ죬ʱ䣬һҪϻȥѾоˣЩǣѾȲҪռѩˡ
ѩϴһ˿ǵɫĿ˵
˵ģ΢΢ĳһȥҶڵĵطڴϵҶ죬̲סĸо˶Է֮дһ˿Ĺâ
Ů˰ѵ˵һоҵĴڲɣ
Ҷ̲סЩЦ
Ҳû뵽⸽ħ֮ľȻԷôţڲ֡
ʵûлָ۷ĳ̶ȣҶǸоЩԾ
óȻı¶ݵĻ˵û޷صĺǾͲҪˡ
ʵҪָˡ
˵䣬ҶѾһ˿˿ɫâ


1495 ׵ۣ
͡
ɫסҶ
̲ĵһ
ľȻڼȡľˮʼɳȴҲֻǷӳľˮһѡ
ľˮǺĴԪ֮УҲǺڵģ̲صǿ˫بźӵڶʱ֮ڱȥ׵ɵ
ʱʱӳľˮЧڱľ׵
оԼڣľϵɢҶҲ̲ס¶˿ĵɫ
žžž
֮УһİסҶ
ŲϵɣҶĻָٶҲʼǿ
أҶĺʱƿʼƽ쳣Ǿ׵˼£ʱҶߣоʱҶ죬Ѿ뵽һ֮С
ʼͣ
һգ
գ
ʱˮһš
ʱ֮УҶûٴεĳ֡
ֻǲϵشԼָԼʵ
ȻҶ￴˺öΣÿεҶ춼ᴦһ״̬֮УҲֻεѡ뿪
Ҷݵ£ڶʱ֮Ҳûʲô˻ȥע⵽ƺΪԪҵʧܣҲľ裬յʱ֮УҲû˳ˡ
գ
һǳ˸
·ΪΪһ㣬˸Ĺ⻪ʼ˴ء
˭ҲûпЩ⻪ƺǿʼ仯໥ϵ漴γ˵âЩâһɫӣȥĲ鿴˺ѷЩâ
һ̣Ҷ·Ҫʼŷһ㡣
Ҫָ𣿡
һţħ¶˿ĵɫؿ˵
ţ΢ʱһѸٵĽʼΧϢ
յʱۣľŬĽľˮ׵ںŬľˮ̲صĿֲҶŰ˲ͼ֮Уһ޴ĹȻĿʼǡ
һɫٵĴ
ľ棬һööӨɫʯɡ
ЩʯֻȵʮŶѡ
ڿЩʯ֮Ҷȴݺݵһ
ԼľȻʼԭĳڽ뵽һµĳ̶ȡ
ЩۼɫʯǶԷĺۣЩĻ֮ľĳɳﵽһµĳ̶ϡ
΢Ҷ콫һöɫʯժȡ
ˡ
⻪˸ɫʯ֮ͷųΪ˳ĺܣԼһ㣬Ҷ棬ǳҲ˸һʱɫɫ໥ӦγĻ档
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ţħ૵ĵǿˮҪˣħ̥̲޾ļ䣬۹ǲ˵ģܿı㿴һöɫʯ̲֮صжôľ˺Ϳֲ
ˡ
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ʱһɹɾٵ뵽Ҷڡ
·һ̳׵ıһ㡣
ǿ̲˶ɴ۾
κεһҪȥģľ֮ȻޱȣʵȴҲ̲֮УԼڵһ¡
ֻɫʯȴ·˲ιһ㣬뵽Լ֮󣬾ȻֱӵתΪԼʡֱӿȥá
ö
Ҷ˷ܵĽе
ٴεĲһöɫľʯ
ʯ̲֮صֻܶ࣬Ƿö֮ҶоԼڱ֮ÿһļ⣬Ǻëǿеİסˡ
˫ֽӡһӡǿʼɣûΪϵķĺۼ
žžž
Ϸž֮ǽǿʼٴεĴͻָ
ۻɷʥֳ۱׵޸һ˿һƶ޸ĵز
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ֻ̣Ҫȥʱ䣬Իָˡ
ҶаԵϲѡ
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ңңĿȥɽ·һԵһ㣬˸ǿ
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ѩһ¶һĨĵɫ
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ɫɽ壬ɽ֮Уԣ滨΢΢Ķ֮Ȼһξ룬΢ͷ֮УȴҲһֿᵽĸо
ţɽһʱγɵģһɽҲ֮γɵӡ
ʨӵ˵
ϵϢԴиоʷϢ
˿һ޴ɽ壬ϵı鲻һ
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ѩһ۱㿴˽ʨӵı鿪ʼ仯̲סʵ
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ʨڳĬһ֮󣬻ؿ˵
ǿ޿ԸоѰ֮޷оĶ
ڽʨӵǰһ޴ɽͷ·һŵһ㣬ȻֻǴԣһɿֲȴͷţȻܵȴоˡ
بűڵޣ˭Ҳ޷϶Ƿ񻹴ڣǹĴ˵ȴһֱûͣЪ
ǰɽվڶԷǰǰĲϽУ׵ıԲ֮һֵϣ·˫Ŀڳš
һҪСĵĺá
ʨӵ˵
ҪˣɽʦڵأһλҩʦƵĵҩΪ֮⸽ħ֮ǵʵȻȥƳЧȴʮǧľ磬ǿƳģ
ѩпʼ¶˼ı顣
ʱ䣬ԵѹǾ޴
߰ɡ
ѩӶ˵
Ǿڽɽһӵʱ䣬ʨӵȴȻһ٣еóеıУ
ա
ǽŲ
ʨӵ˵
˲˵ɫһ䣬ѩϸӵ¶һĨǵɫ
ѵ˵վһ˽ȵ𣿡
һϵС·浽Ӳݣúҩζںһ΢紫
ŲǴС·洫ġ
ʱƶܿһӰ˵ǰ
һλݿӻĴһ˳
֮ѩ̲ס¶һĨ𾪵ɫС΢΢һ
׵ۡ


1496 ң
׵ۣ
һѩԴӼӽɾ
Է۳֮ҩĴˡ
ѩļûгִĻ׵۵ƺѾˣҼҩ֮ˣӿȥʮ߰ĳ̶ȣ˴һֳ֮棬һ˿˰̬
Ȼûа׵۵ֽɫǴ֮лķ϶Ͱ׵žųɵơ
׵ۣ
֮ӵ΢΢һǺܿȴ¶һ˿ĲĿ˵
Ҳǰ׵ۣ
ѩƿѩҵȻڿʼʱһ˿ȣǺܿȴָԭƽЦ
˼ֻǽ㵱һѣ
ӵ΢΢һ漴˫Ŀ˿˿Ŀ˵
ɽһûİ˵ҺǺ棬Ϊʲô
ѩüͷ𣬶ԷȻûбֳָ̬߰ʵ϶ԷĻ֮ȴһֱ׵۸ӽϢת
˭
ԷĻ֮УȻһ˵ڳʻиһͱ˵̬ѩҲȻĸı䣬ʼԵʵ
ߣ㾹Ȼ֪ҵĴڣΪʲôҪ
ӽĿѩ
˵ĶѾﵽһߵĳ̶ȣȴҲ̲סڿѩ֮¶һ˿ռеĲ
ѩ̫ˣŮˣֻҪκεһ˼֮󣬶̲סһ뷨뷨ȴѩϲġ
ڿ˶Է˫Ŀ֮ͷų˿˿âѩҲʼ𽥵ı
ѰҴʦȵȣ
ͻȻѩӦ˹ŶԷǸ̬߰˵˵ݣȻķӦ˹
ѵ˵ǴʦǸΪҩ֮
ӵϵĵ˵ͷ
ҩ֮ĳƺҲֻ֮޵ģȴһֱûгϹ˵㲻Ҫ˵ĳνƺң
⻰֮еȴԵ̫ĺøУ෴ǣǵӿһĨŭ⡣
ǰ̫Ľˣ㽾ֱ޷˿ĺøУԷһһ㣬ϵһͱ˵̬ǡ
ȻǰѩϲһУ뵽Լļ壬ѩ֪Լȥܣ
ʦһΡ
ѩĻﻹû˵꣬ȴ΢΢İ֣˵
ĿģҲѾ֪ˣȻɽϣȴҶ֮鲻˽⡣ǴҰǸħ֮İɣ
ѩһֱλǱԷŴεĿĵ뷨ȻΪĲϲֻӻĿ˵
ǵģѩԸ³ΪѩҵҩʦʦƼѩң
ѩĽ΢һׯص̬˵
ѩ𣿡
ͻȻ¶һĨЦݣ漴ĶѩЦ
֪Ǵʲôң
ԷЦ̬ѩжʱһ
ʦʲôѩң
֮Ѿʼֳλߵ̬ѩλһδεı˼ѾǺˣǺܿȴסеĽ͵ŭ⣬λߵȻɢ
ȹ΢վ·һֻĿȸһ㣬߹֮һţͦεĽȴҲǰһ⿪ʼøӵ˺ջ
˵ΪҵŮأ
ͻȻ˵һ˫ĿӵĿʼѩһԱϿ˹ȥʱķ΢ĸ֮̾

ʨӵͻȻŭһеľ޽Ȼʩչͬһŭʨһ㣬ƣ
žžž
ѡѸٵľһɿµľˣ裬ʯ䣡
žžžž
һͻȻĴ
ĳҲ漴˵ɫ΢΢һ
ʨӣô簡
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һеĦѸٵĳֻ֣һС·棬Ȼۼ˼ʮλޡ
Ϊ׵һˣ󱳸һ޴Ѫɫ컺߳˫ֻ໥ķһȻղŵĹǴ˷ġ
˴֮ѩ˵ɫڵı仯
ҵĳϣԣ
ѩС΢΢ľ׽֣ͻȻԲߣ̲סľ
㾹ȻҲѵ˵Ҳ֮ˣ

໥ĶӣЦ
ЦҲýʨӵ˵кݺݵһ
ڷӦ˹ңҲ֪һλˣ׷׵ĳѩұȣҲģ
Ц
㡭
Ϣʵ̫ˣǸоԼԴ޷ǰһС
Ҳǲ֪ҵǿţϻҩ϶ʶ֮еǿߣΪһ㣬ҲųΪ˼еƣ֮֮У׷׵໥漰ʵ̫ˣˣҲŻһ˵洳ҲΪܹҴԼӵĻӵҲҺͼ֮䣬໥ϵӦϡû뵽ʱӹȥˣҵȻȥˣǼȴҲһֱûжƣֱѩЩ𣬲Ǹоѹˣң
ƺǸܱѩ˵ȥ
ħ֮ģһֹϵĵҩҲǺ棬һƿصĻǷ׳ȥĻ˵ĺ£ѩңƱػΪĹߵġ
˵ʱٴε¶һĨѵɫؿѩؿ˵
ȻˣҶѩҴСζҲ൱ڴģȻ˵꣬ңҵĹȫĿģ
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͡
Ҷ˫ĿȻµɺ캮âѸٵ֮У·Ǳ˿ռһ㣬һռȻĿʼñ
ڻָ𣿡
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о·µڷڣƺͻʱϵıҲʼÿ쳣

ͻȻҶ΢ĳ鶯˼£һѪ˹
ˣ


1497 £
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޽ǵһ㣬͵նʱǴ첻Ϊӵ˼£һնɱȥȻ˵һ谵
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һֻ֣ƺѰ˵ûʲôһ̣һĹâȴѸٵľۼһֻУȷе˵ǽǹ⻪ĸסˡ
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ҽҵĺ˵Ϊɫһ͵һССĳ֮һֻһѰĴԪ֮Уԭָ̳ҵһ죬ȴû뵽ǣһﾹȻ˵Ĳ
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ѩǲ׵ϣʱѾǻʧɫΪ˺֮ˣһֱߵλ첻ӡ
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澣ѩôõʱˣù黹һݶʱˣ
ѩ¶˺ݶɫ漴ƻӶһѽǿе˹ҳȥ
Ҫʱ䣬ֻҪٸһʱ䣬ĻͻԽ
㡭
ѩû뵽ѩȻʱ̲סĽ

ʨ޿κε̾Ϣһ
ȻҲԾ࣬ʱȴǷǳʱڣһ£ƱػɶܵĳٻοΧŲٵڳǽֻһССѾͷȻֵ֡
úݵŮˣ
ԵЦ˵
һֻȴٴεĳХȥ
Сϴʱŵɷס
ԸοҲֻһʮŮεֿܹס첻𾳵ǿߡ
ۼһֻ־Ҫס壬һ̣Ҫˣķ𽥵ıƽ
Ȼʱúܿ죬Ҳ˲Ҫڴʱȴ·Ǹоʱû뵽Լ෴һַɵĸо
֪ܲӳȥӳȥĻ֪᲻ᱻѩǿ̱ĶԴأ
ӿһ绮գ۵Сһϸ΢Ѫۡ
ѾоϢ˲䣬һӰȻĳ֣
һֻֻسԵĶֽ˹ȥ

޴ʱչ˳Բǧ׵ķΧ֮У˲ıըΪһ͵ı𣬳䣬һ޴̫ħɽһ㡣
ֲȻնҡ˼֡

Ʈһʱ䣬˵񶼿ʼ仯
ѩ΢ƺת
Ǹˣ
ʨӵ˵
ѩԣС΢΢ĻһŹֵĻߣű̲࣬ס˵
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ѩ趯ɺ˸ǰɫĳ죬һֻ쳣ĵֿԣһֻ֣ǽ໤˻
ΪȶɴһɫҶ̲סһΪԼļʱԼⱲӶİġ
Ӱѩۣѵ˵
ѩһĲԽҶıӰԽĸоϤ
磬ѵҲ
Сſ˲³һҶЦõĻ
ûСһԴһҶЦ˵
ƺû
˭
Եɫ䣬û뵽Ҷ쾹ȻֿסԼĶ֣һ˼̸ЦһŭƺǻһֵĿ־壬ָоͷ·Լһµһ㡣
ž
꣡
Ҷ΢΢Ȼ˾㵵֮УԵơ

ŭ֮ſµХ޷ŵ֮УҶ쾹ȻԵ˳ֱһӷɵһɽ֮С
䣡
޴֮£Ըûеֿݺݵײһɽ棡
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һһλͽʨͬǿߣʨӶҪһҶ쾹Ȼһж޷ֿסεĸо
ǸˡǸصǿ߰뵽ǿ߾Ȼгôĵ£
ѩͻȻӦһĽе漴ĶҶĽе
ˣɱǣɱǰѩҲģ
ʨӺѩ̲סĿѩ¶һĨŭı飬һʵ̫׳ˣǿߣǿõġ
͡
Ҷ建ת˹ȥ
Ϥӣʱѩһһίĸоӿͷָо֣֮ˮȴ̲ס
㡭㻹֪
ѩҲ֪ŭĶҶ
Ҷı̲סıùŹȴε˵
С椰þòˣ
ʱѩŷ֣ԼղŵĻ֮жôС
ߣҺǺһ¡
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ѩЩǵ˵ǲ֪Ϊʲôڿ˳֮ƺǸо˰ȫ쳣
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ʨӵ̲סĳ鴤һ£ǿҶղŵĳ֣ΪҶװȣǼˣҶĻ֮һѪĳ嶯
ԼսʤǿߣҶƺǳΪһĴڡ
ǾڴʱҶ˫Ŀȴٴεһ˫Ŀ·Ƕһ㣬űĹâɺ˸ϣسѩ˹ȥ
ǡ£


1498 ľ֮ټ
ǡø£
ܵȻ·˵һ΢顣
Ǵһ˲ѩϿʼòҰ쳣
ǰ׳գܿĴҶĿϣԼ˵ı֮Уеè塣
һδεĳ֣ǶΣյʱһҲͰˣÿζˣеԭ򣬿ֻҪǰ׳գ뵽ˡ
뵽еԵɣѩĽʼ
ˣһһ޷ֲĴ
ҲҲ
Ҷûһ漴ĶЦ˵
Сһ۾ϣ
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ǹɵ˵
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ˣǲм̵ܽģȴһδεսҵĳ˵а֮ĲӦô

ѩĽһʱ˵Ѫ
ž
Էٴε䵽˵ϵʱ򣬵ѾһѪ⡣
Сһ뿪
Ҷ콫ཻѩĳˣ˵
һˡ
ѩ̲סĽе
ʨȴû˵ʵΪǿȻԸоҶղƺȫûжȫ̬ʵ˾ȡ
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Ҷ쵭Ļ֡
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Ҷû˵ֻǽԼĿ⿪ʼ˿ȥ
һˣʵ첻𾳵ΪҶѾָԼʵȻĿӵһС
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ѩңôõʱ䣬еĵҲǺǿģκεһ嶼޷ڶʱнѩҸҼƻ֮󣬲˵˼ȥвѩңڵѩҸ޷ҶԿܹܵҲֻȥֿǿĵֻֿҪǵǵ˥䵽˼֮ǱǵĻᵽˣȵǸʱǾͿԽ𣬵ȴԵĲʱ򣡡
𣿡
ҶȻ֪Ⱥ˿϶ļƻǶЩȴ⣬ûȤ
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СҲº
ЦȻͷųĹâʱⱳ·һֱһ㣬֩һҶץȥ
֣ԶϽ񣬵Ǹӿµǣ֮Уȴһֿµĸ֮һӴ˶Է֮󣬾ͻᱻǿеӶνһаľѧ
ߡ
ҶƾŶԷĺɱԼϡ

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а֮ĿǣؼΪֲĸ֮֮һ
ۻɷʥ壬Ϊǿ
֮עǿۻɷʥ֮Уʱһɾ޴Ŀӿ˲˶Է˫֡

Ĳҽɴ˵ɡ
Ҷ˫Ŀ׵һĹâ֮Уָᵯ
͡
һƽɫĽѸٵĴ̴˶Էüġ
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һֱǷƵӣǴʱһޱȴҲ̲סĿʼɫĺ
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ɫħɽӰͻȻĴȻһ㳾ֲѹ˳Ƶ³
䡭
޴͵Ľʮ̤Ϊࡣ

ţħǾ޴Ӱ𽥵
Ҵүˣ
һڵҲָ˹
⡭ʲô
ǶˣڴʱôȴҲ̲סĴ
͡
ҶӰ˸һ˲ķָΪʮҵսʿǣնϣһֻ˲Ŀס˶ԷԴ
ɣ
ؼϵתʼٵĲֲͬһ㣬һ˫ĿڲϵķŰۡ

о˶ԷѶϢ֮Ҷϱ鿪ʼԽ
Ѱǧٶȡûȵһеȫѹľ֮Ȼ


1499 ų
ľ֮
Ҷһļ֮Ѿҵ˹ľ֮Ϣȴ޷ȥ϶ľ֮ȥԭҶ컹㿪ʼ֮Уչһ´ģʽ
ȴû뵽ļ֮УȻľ֮ļ䡣
֮Уľ֮ļ𣿡
Ҷ૵ĵ
ճ˵ľ֮ڳ˵ûжٵļֵֻܹһֱȽϺľʯѣûҲᱻͳȥ
֮ԻŹľ֮ļ䣬ȫΪĵλȽϵ⣬żȻһ̶ȨҲˣһżȻĻ£ľ֮
ңû뵽һΣĵҪȥһˣ
Ҷ૵ĵ
֮ǿ߶Ҷ˵ûжٵ谭ٵΪֹҶ춼ûдκεһҵڴ̫žΪļ¼ƺ֮֮ûдһλ̫žǿߡ
̫ŲĻƺûжٵѹ
Ҷ˸ſĵɫ
Ӱ΢ٵĳɽ³ȥ
ȻҶڿǲȥѩϣڻǲģĸо֮֮дžʯǿıҪ֮˵ҶҪץʱѰҵʯҪġ
ɽ¡
С㣬磬Ϊʲô
̲ס¶˵ǵɫѩʵ

ѩصͷӦš
ҲڰԵĺڣ֪µˣҶĻ϶ѡֵġ
۵ӣѩ̲סһ
࣬Ժ͸ҵߣ
ҶȻѩֻǽӴΣܹΪѩҵƿ֮һѩ뷨˼άȻҪתѸ٣Ҷ֮ĹϵȽϵĹ죬ҽӴʱ䲻ȴԸоҶ첢һԶŵˣӲ壬˵ţҶһġ
һˣȴ˺ܳʱ֮ȴûеȵҶĳ֡
͡
һɫĹ⻪˸
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С㡭
ʨӵ¶һĨ㵺ͿЦĿѩ
Ǹһأ
ȻѾԼĲ²⵽һЩѩ̲ס
һƺٴεĲ뿪ˡ
ʨε˵
һ쵰
ѩıݺݺݵҧסӣԭǺ쳣ӣʱԵøӵ˲ҪȥƷһǴʱȴû˵ȥѩ
Ȼ֪ʲô飬ȴ֪һƺҶǳġ
ĶԼĴ۾̲סпʼ²Ҷݡ
ߡһ֪εҵǵģ
ѩжϣҶһġ
ǲǣҲԼľ˵ģ
ѩٴε˵һɵʧȴ̲סĳ֡
СӣȻٴεʧ٣
к޺޵˵
硭
Ҷ̲סĴһ磬΢΢ĺ˵
ѵ˵ð𡭡
Ӱϵ˸Ҷ廯ŵ⻤壬ĳһȥ
Ӵƣɽ֮ϵѸٵԴ
ֲ̫ĿֲˣȻĲȥǡ
͡
֮󣡣
Ҷڵһ֮ͣ
ƣ
һӵĳѾǰ
ųǣ
ӵĴ֣ڹų֮ϡ
ϵ֣Ҳ֪˶ٵˣȴɴһǿҵϢ
ϵּҶ΢΢һк棬̲סʩչԼ֮ۡ
ʱһѸٵĳŶԷ˹ȥ
һ̣ΧһȴѸٵı仯
Χƺ˲ʧˡ
һѹѸٵĴ濪ʼ
֣ٲȻһ㣬ʼϵߣ漴γһ޴ɫ񸫡
ɫȻһصľˣԴͷȥԴͷȻҶ챾ˣ
о˶ԷɢǿϢҶɫ΢΢һ䡣
һ棬ЯȻоһ˿ѹ֡
־Ǵܵ־֮УȻ̲һܵ־
Ҷоޱȡ
ܹܵ־̲Уһôõ֮󣬻ûʧһݵʵ̫һӡֹʥ֮Ҫֲܶࡣ
ֻǵ־Ƕ˵ȴûжٵЧ
Ҷ˵
һâü֮ͷųʱ˵Ʒıŷ
սӡѸٵĴ֮ͷŶһ޴ս⡣
ӴսӰγɡ
䡭
սǹٵ趯˲ĳŶԷȥ

ɿµ־ײһ𣬲ȻҶһĲǡսӡȴ˿ĲڸоҶĲ֮һֲսγɣҶڵսѪ
𡭡
һŭ𴫳
һ֮УҶ쾹ȻоԼһķڡ
ָоָо
Ҷһ

ɫ񸫣ƺǸоҶԽǿϷıǣ̲סĿʼѡ˺󣬵Ҷʱ磬չֳޱߵսǹٴεĻ裬˺һâ˴ǿԵĽ
䡭
ٴεһ˺֮
ɫ񸫣ǿе˺֮󣬻˾޴ɫââٴεķ裬ȻݻΪһöӵӡǡ

Ҷ΢΢һ漴ʩչռ֮һöӡǸǿе
ʲô
һöɫӡǣҶ̲סü
ˡǸϽ뿪ĺã
ϽΧѾǿ߸оϢı䣬ȻֻϵĽ棬ֲһ֣Ȼ˵ע⡣
ҶٵĽһöɫӡǷźãƮȻ뿪
ĻҲ
ų֮УҶƺǲѹ֣˵
ųǣȻûôĿ£ԪҲû˵ĳ棬ҶȴһΪźøС
е̷Ҳ
ǸҶһƽϢ
ָоҶѾܾûᵽˡ
溶ڻû䣬֪ʲôطζҲûϢȻûǵϢֻȥĴԪȥˡ
һԶԵ£Ҷ̲סķһ̾
оǲˬ
ԵĻĺǣԼİ˵֣·ϣؼ
ĿЦ˵
˵ųǵļѾʼˣ
ƺǶۼѩ֮Уӿ鷳ˣѩҵ˿ǲģϧˣ
棬ȫڲٿأţһΣ֮ԻѡѩңȫΪѩҵһҩؼɵġ
Ҳ˵ˣսҪˣ
ߣ죿ѩε˵Ҳֻһ壬ż֣ȴֵôģ
Ҷüͷ΢΢һ廯һ⳯һȥ


1500 ȣ
Ҫȥѩţû뵽ȻôͳˣȻŮ˶ˮ
Ҷ̲סĸ̾һεģȥһΣϾ໹ѩҶ춼޷Įӵ
ѩұ
ų֮Ϊ޴Ľ֮һ
ռ˸ŰɫĹâ·ѩһӣ֮дһֱζ
ѩұһ㳡֮С
Ҳǹ㳡ȻǾϸĴȻӣȴǸɾ
ʱĹ㳡֮УΧźܶӰվĿ޲ǳŹ㳡ȥϵıΧĿҲʼЩء
ڹ㳡ڲӰ໥Ķš
УһλԼʮŮŭվ
绪Ӻݣưѩվ˲ӵעĿ
˲Ǳˣѩ
һ࣬һλڱ˷˺󣬵ϣһ̲Ѫ۵ĺܣǱȥ֮ˣ뷢ֽɫǽʨӻ˭
ǿʨǿߣȻҲ˸ˣ
ǺǺǡֶŮû뵽Ŷ̶̵ļʱûǳ˺ܶ࣬Խˣ֮֮УǺˣǲ֪Ե˶ٵӣһȻ˫
һվѩĵطؿ˵
Ϳȥʮңӷףǿ÷׳ˡ
Ƿʴ壬ȥһֻų۵ķ
һĳۣȴصķģϢϵӿһֲ׵ĸо
ֻһС۾ȴϵѩĽϲϵѰʲôӿȥѩҵǣϴŷŭɫһ￴˹ȥ
κΣȻŭȴ׵ǡ
Ϊ֮֮࣬ҵƿ֮һλԺղ˵ʵҲڴ첻ĳ̶ȣǳǿĸּ
лҵ
ѩǿеŽһһĳ嶯˵
ѩãֻҪ㿪ڵĻμȫĿԱ֤ѩҵİȫ
һӵ˵
޳ϴһ˿˫ĿȴǸһļƵĸоҲϲ
ӴԼʮҵӣȥΪᣬĻȴû˷ƺǶΪļɵ
Ļ֮ѩû˵ǽŤһ࿴ȥ˿Ĳˡ
ѩҲӦúĿһģ飬ڵѩ˵ƺһ£෴һĺôҽΪ׼ҵĻ˭ģ
ٴƶĶһλ˵
ĻһͰ裬ƺҮʸӿĴ첻۷ΪԵĿԳƵż
ߡ㲻ö˵ˣѩҼǰ䵽޷ĵزѩĳҲԳԼŮΪȥǵóѵģ
һλӻؿ˵
ȻǼ̣ȴһֲŭƣһ仰˵֮ϵıҲʼ쳣
ߺߺߡѩ֮ǰҴ˵еնɱˣеǿ߸ָ˲٣Ȼ֪ǵķǿߣڣȴ֮֮УΪзȨļˣͬҵĽ飬ǵȴǵĽ޷ĺǶ˵ˡСֶ֮󣬾ͽ򣬳ΪĵӣСֶʵƺǿ֮гɳĸǿ󣬳ΪŵҲʱ⣬˵洫Ҳɹġ
ĻȻĲҪȥˣĻȴѾ㹻ѩ˷׷׵ıɫ
ǡ֣һذըӵ϶ʼԽѿ
ѩһֱϲŭڸǵĺǿңǴʱһȴҲ¶һ˿
ĸоʱг֡
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һ󲻺гѩ֮˴˳
˵֮ˣӵɫʱһ仯ȭͷסݺݵطž֮
תȥֻһλԼʮڿŶԷ˵
ѩƺʲô˼Ϊѩҵĳϣ㾹Ȼ˵һ㡭
˿˿ɷʼӵϳֳ
ѩƺӵְȴ˿û⣬ֻЦֹĿŶԷ
ҲΪǼ忼ǣѩҴôõʱˣϲʧȥ˴УοҲһ£õ˱ļ֧֣ƺǿǸӵǿɣ
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ڵ̲סˣŭ
ѩұôѩұˣѩ죬˵ص㣬ҿѩұĳϣ㾹Ȼ˵Ķ˵ѵΪβҿʸȥλõˣ
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ⳤΪһ֮˽ѩεĻӣΪ˱ȫԼȻҪС޳ȥ̫޳ˣ
㳤ϣҪҲգ
һʱѩƺɫʼѿ쳣
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أŵ涼ʼ˼֣ʱϱ˿µƣһǿе˹ȥ
ʱʧ
ʱ˲뵽ѩƺһµǿߣ
ѩƺֹûУ
ѩ̲סüȵ

ѩѩƺĺǳ
㾹ȻҶҲ
˰ɣ
λѩҵƿؿʼ׷׵վѡֹѩƺ
ȴû뵽ǣλϣȻҲʼվѩƺߣϲƵĵˡ
㡭ǡܺã
ѩҼϴű֮ɫĿˣĺǳ
Ǻǡӣ֪ǵ̸Ƿ񻹿Զ֣
ѩƺЦ˵
ȻֻǶѩҵһЩȤӸȤĻѩҵĴС㣬ѩѣ˵ģħ֮ĵ֮Ҳλƿʧģ
Ц˵Ͼǵ֮ɫ
ҼҲ޸ģ
ѩᶨ˵
Ҫ
ɫʱı쳣漴ƻӶ˵
㻹Ǹҹɣ
һɿ񱩵Ĳ˲ѩĽ޷ۼѩĽҪ׵ľ𣬵һ̣һȴ͵ĳն
һˣ۸һŮˣô쵰ĺܣ
һİ


1501 һѹ

˵֣ʱ˵һ㣬ɫ΢䣬гһĨ裬ֵٶȸӵѸͣһֻֻ֣֮ݺݵسһȥһɰѸ͵Ķѩץ˹ȥ
һӦٶȳˡ
Ǿڴʱһɸӿֲȴ·һǹһ㣬ķУΧĿռ䶼ʼγ˹ҵ̬۵ڲһʱɣҷıŷ
䣡
ѸٵĽ棬ǿ޷š
ֲĳ̶ȣƷ˵棬ΧһҲǿеõ˲ֹ
һȻǿе˶ԷĽϡ
ɫ̲סı仯
ͬʱһɿµԹпʼɡ
Ӹղŵ֮˵ͺᣬһֱǽеŭȻǿġ
ص֣
˫Ѹٵ趯ӡƷʼ֡
ɫĹâӿΧľڷ趯һ㡣
ĵ˿֮಻ϣһʱ˵в޷ĸо·Լ˶һƬ֮Уغ˵ĳͽ䡣
ò˵ʵȷʵĳ̶ȣȻԱ˾˵ĳ̶ȣȻҲǿеĿֲͿµġ
ǿֲѰ¼ǴǿߣҪȥСĵӦ
ϧǣĶ֣ɲѰˣżӵĿֲ
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һĺ
Ѹٵһַֻļȡؼķ֮˲ֵ֮ӡǣӡ
һ
о˶Էĳ֣ʱе
ϸһ˿Цݡ
ص֣ɲһ似
һֽӽؼĿ¾ѧ
˱ǵ໥ײģصּȻšء֣ȻҲص㡣
һͶֵײϵڶʱ֮ڣصӵЧһδεײ㹻һ˵屻ˣӦĻᶼ֡

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û뵽ѩҾȻ˵ǿߣ
λƿɫ΢΢ı仯
ѩƺǳϣȴѾԼĳͽ̬˵ʧܵĻĽǺܲҵġ
ǵصֵһ̣ȴҲڳһȥ
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Ǿ޴Ĳ֮־Ȼ˿ûͣ٣ѸٵĳŶԷϳȥ

֣֮ͬǽ뵽һֻͣĿֲ𶯲ٴεϯȥ

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á
ӵĽ
ʱѩƺ˵ȴ¶˷Ϳ֮ɫ
ߣҲ֪֣Ȼ˵ķͽֵȥӴԷĽֱ
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Լ䣬һӰ
У
һЦ֮
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ֲʵУ漴ĹѳΪѺۼ߹ɾҲڴʱı
ȴ֮ĵֿסˡ
ôܣ
ϴ޷ŵɫĽе

ǸоԼĽ飬ȴǲٴεʩչӡȻֱۣһٴεķȥ
䣡
ߵӰʼֳ
޴ӿڵĽһӰʼ
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ߡ
ҶһߣŶԷ˹ȥ
ССĴ첻ļһȻҲԼǰҶȻΪˬܹزҲǲˡ
Ҷһɺ죬̲סһĲ

ӡмЦɱ⣡
ҶⲽԷľ𽥵̡
صֵҲʼҶ첻ϵԼľ롣
ף
ʮף
ʮף
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
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Ĳҽʹ˵ĳ֡
еˣû뵽ʹ˳ˡ
徹ȻĴ˳ȥ
žϵ쳹

ҶӰٴε˸Ȼ̤㡣
ʱռٴεһ硣
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޴ٴεĳ֣
ĳ̤ȥ

һ
ʱеˣ޲ǰһУһ


1502 ҹ컣
á֣
Ȼ˳תȴܿ졣
ڿҶĶ֮ȵķӦ˹
˵ҶĻɱЩ˸ӵĲһˡ
ΪȻװȣǲɷϵǣһ˺ǿܹĳ̶ϱѾΪĵӣֶαѾ֮֮þ޽еһˡ
һ䣬ܵʧӵĿ¡
ɱ
֮ЩƿҲ׷׵ķӦ˹ĺ
ߡ
Ҷһ
λǿߵĳ֡
ڵĳ̶ȣԷףʱһؼϵļӳ֣Ѿ˲֮н׵Χ
ֲʼ緢·Ƕһ㣬żϢĿֲ
ꡭҴүˣ
Ȼľе˶ΪҶôǿǰѾΪʱ򣬿ռ֮ȴȻ˺ѣҴһŵ˼µĺ
衭
ķһţһȦȦѸٵĳɢһؾˡ
ǿֲЧ·һǼǵǿȭһ㣬ݺݵشЩ֮˵塣
䣡
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Ҷһֱֻӵ̤Դϡ
ĸǺݺݵزŶԷա
졭쵰
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Ϊŵ֮֮УνڼһĵһˣЩϵǿȴҲĶ֣Ҷ죬Ȼû˿ϢĻᶼûб㱻Ҷѹסˡ
Сӡ֪ҵĵӣΪĵӣ
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£ε֮УĻſֲڳܲϵɢ
ͼҶһֻų׵ƿƾεȥŬվûа취ҶĽš
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ڵĿҶ죬ѩҼм˵
ǻûеȵѩҼȥѯҶȴ֣ѩһıֻӶݺݵسҶ˹ȥ

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Ҷ΢סѩ֣̲סЦ
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ԼŮĶҶĶԻѩҼҲƺʲô̲סһԾ̾ԼŮȻʶҶǿߣǸȴһ˷ܣҶǿƺԼļøǿ޷󵽵ǿ
ˡ
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Ȼζôĵӣ
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Ǹӹؼǣʱߣ̬ŮϣҪôжôҶڵӽǣȫĿԿõǰһԱѻɵ֣ڳԼɢϢ
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Ҷ̵ú࣬ôʱˣǶǽԺõĺ꣬һڳԼϢĳֻӣ̲סĿʼˡ
𣿡
ѩ̲סһҶ졣

ҶڵܲˣֲǸʥˡ
Լģ
Ҷһѵ§סѩ˳Ƶѹס˶ԷĽͣݺݵƬӣϡ


1503 ǿ
»֮£ҶƺǻΪһֻ̰һ㣬̰̰ȴʳǰζ
ӣİռţ·֮䣬ƺҪ䳹׵һ㣬ζЩˡ
ѩһùԲʱЩʣȴҲʼӦ˹̲סĿʼҶϿʼжȴεֿܹסҶ顣
ȭϵش֮Уѩķƺ𽥵СǿʼӭҶ̰ͣĽԼУ˲䱻ҶͷӶ
Ҳ߻ҵıһ˲䣬һɱϢȴ˹
Ǹý㡭ҶҶأ
һҶ죬ƺŶԷ˵
һȴǰԵͺݺݵסˡ
Ҷ˿Ļᡣ
֮ϣһ»ա
ǽƺԽԽԽԽҫ

۳ʵʵĵ
ֲĵ֮Уһ޷ĵ⡣
һ˺ѺͰԵѪȺͷںϣ
˸Էһ֣Ȼ⵶ޱȵľ˺ͿֲǾȻûһ˿Ŀռ춯·һͻأĳֱ˲ںǿ֮һ㡣
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Ȼһʷǰ貹â
͡

·ֻղŵЩأڵȴͻǰһ̣˲֮УһѾ׵Ŀʼ仯ֱ仯ǻɽǰ
̼䣬һռ䣬ȫĸǺ֣ͷŵȻؼǷǱ仯Ϊ˷籩һ㡣
̰˱ǰӣƷŶԷζȴͻȻĸоԼͷƤһķ飡
ָоҶĽǶʼ鶯ϣ˫Ŀɺ챬
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µõ涼ʼĲˣЩˣ֮һ޲ʼ仯ΪΪԭʼĿ
ֻһȴѾֳ˾˵ʵǿֶΣԵĲһ˿ԴﵽĵزҶĵ⣬ﵽͨĵزȴҲڳ֮˵ֶΣоޱȵĳԾ𺳡
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ҶܿĽԼĿ⿪ʼѩƺע֮УƿˣǰΪһˣ˫Ŀӣ
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һɱ֡
ѩһɷס
˭Ҳû뵽ʱ򣬾Ȼ˵˵ķɱѩұ֮С
֮ϣҶȴ˿˿⡣
͡
û߻
߲



1504 
һǧ֮
𡭡
˻

ʱҶ壬ͷ·ǻһ㣬˵˸ߵߣӴŻɷϢ
ˡ
˸Էĸ֪Ȼ˵ǿҶٿ˲䣬ѾʼٴεĽҶƿĵطˡ
Ҫӵģ޷ҵ֮֮뿪ģûˣû˿ô
Է֮Уſµš
ǽǿʵϡ
ҶЦ̬Խ
𣿡
Ŀ¡
ҿû뵽Ҫӵģ
Ҷֳ
Բѣ
̲סıš
Щûȥɱȴվ֮ϣߵĻɱ
ƺǶĵǿ߸š
ǰǡԵΪԵΪΪĸ֮ն֮꣬ûʧֹ
һﾹȻЦ֮ǴûʧֵĿܣΪ֮ŵնɱԼһʮһֱϵˣаԼĸĸĽԼĸĶס׵ն飬˵ȻҲ˵Ĵӵֱ
Ҷޱ顣
͡
ݺᣬȻҶڵĵط
ٿ죡
Ҷ΢ĺȵ
ʱĿռ䶼ƺǲҶӰ
Ԫ
һȣҶ˫Ŀͬƿذ⿪ʼϡ
߲
䡭
ӰȻͬһ㣬ʼ˲һǧ˵ͷϡ
ʲô
ٶȣǵû뵽
ĵղѾҶˡ
ǼˣȥжϣӲҪ˵ǳˡ
䣡
Ҷŷ׵â
ʱġԪӵ
ħߡ
ıŷںҶ֮С
ۡ
ǿ֮ʱͷŵ˵ϡ
꣡
ߵüͬǼʯͷһ㣬˲ѣ˾˶̶졣
ʲô
ڳˣ̲סľ
Ҷʵ̫ĹˣֻǴ첻ΪΪʲôȴԴﵽ˵ĵز
ȫĲܣ
ôš
ǵ޷ǰһС
˫Ŀ˿˿âȻˣһоԵûоʹ˽
˵һ
֮ϣһ޴ĵ֣ĵܵˡ

Ҷ̤߲Ԫת˲֮Уͬһ㣬趯ŷ

꣡
ٴεʩչ˶Էš
ۡ
һѪҲ̲ס
⾪㵵֮УҶ˫ͬ۳˵׵һ㣬˶Է档
˺Ѱɣ
͡
Ѫ裬Ȼ˲񷣬»֮£Ե쳣
ǸӿµȴҶͬħһ㣬ɺ챩ǣڳһˣҶ컺Ľ
ʱĵѾ׵ˡ
ǶԷ굹൱ĶأȻһĳ
⵹Ҷƽġ
֮ϣһԳ˿ֲŰϢ۾ڿȴҶ˲˺ѵԼıԴ
ҶΪѲһ֣ϸ˵ҶûôĻĻԵϻǲģûҶĻϮҶ죬֮Уŵһ֮أΪ𺳲ľǿҲֻʱϵ⡣
ĵ֮Ĳͳħааĵ֮ɱ¾Լˣ׵նɱǺεȵı֮£
һ˫ûбպϵ˫ĿҶﵭ˵
˵֮һ˫Ŀƺһ㣬ıպһ
ⲻܣ㡭ĲѧħǿߣҪܵ޵ںصΪУ
͡
Ҷᵶһնȥੲݵѩƺ˳ƶ
ʱѪٴεĳֳ
ɱ
˴˺£˭ܹӵ顣
һʱ䣬Ҷǽһް
Ȼ˵Ҷѩû̫ĸ飬ȴøС
Ǳ˴˺£ҶôǸо൱ĲˬģȻ˵㷸
ɱ¾
ϵɱ¾
һˣҲЩ˼֮е̷ɵģѩƺΪ
֮Ի֣ҲΪеӴ档
ѩƺ͵һҲ漴Ŀʼɢ
ɱ
һҹעǲģȴҲעġ
һսҲΪѩұ̣ṩ˱Ҫ
ųǣ
ң
ڼѪͳ֧ϵ֮еһԱԸеλĸߣѩұҲǻ

ҵĵһǿߣʵ첻죡
һǿѧˣԸŰӵϲŮˣֹһεѩұ
Ҫ
һĽһֵϳ֡
ֻһλĿӣŰɣһλŮǿеλĻ£ȫӱŮǵİĿЦ֮У

һλ̲סĸ̾
ٵˣȻ֮дԹͳӣȴǰ谭
ԽİԵˣŮûһֵ֮ġ
ǰҵˣ˵ŭԹһջⱨӦġ
ɱ쵰
ɵˣʵʲôʵǴﵽ˴첻ľ磬֧֣ǲ𰡡
ţѩұ֪᲻ҳ֡
˰ɣѩұȻǿ󣬵ȴҲܹ׵ҵģϾһεѩұȻʵȴҲܹ޼ɵźܶļʵҲͰ
·ߵˣŭԵĵͷȴСֹš
͡
һĦ֡
һˣսʿǰ
һ£һ޽ƺûֻţֻǵغۼȴˣһ޽ôĿ¡
쵰𣿸ÿ
ҵһλսʿѵ
һָֻǽ޺ݺݵ˦˳ȥ
ž
ֲޱȣ˺ѵĲʱĴݳȥ
һȥһλޣҲᱻ˵ġ
һ𣿡
̲סʧĽе
͡
ݺᣡ
ԷȻĳ
һϮȥʱһѪ·֡
һȻĽҵսʿǣȫУնϳΪء
쵰
ɫޱ䣬̲סϵļⶶʱһȭγɣӰȥ
첻ʵӵ쾡£͵ȭѾֵѲʯ衣
ϣ
ӰٶԷȻŶԷȭ磬ٴεĳ֡
ͣ
һ
նˡ
ҡˣ
һʶشȵ˷Ӧʱֳ־޽ӰȴѾʧˡ
ڶգ
ʱ䣬ңȭ԰ԵȭĴ˼֮УʱΧȴɱ¾
һգ
콣ɽׯ
һԽնɱ֮С
һʱ䣬еĹϼ壬ƺܵһ㣬еƿػǵһǿߣ޲նɱС
֮ˣѩѪͫ


1505 ɱ
ǶеĹϼսһѩұΪ
˵ǿߣѩұεǿ󣬵ȴҲ޷ǿߣѩұӵǿߣεܹģ˶Լļƣ
ӳļ壬ȷʵ˵ѩұˣǴ˵ʵͶͻѵ˵Ǵ˲ɣ
һҵһϵĽڲͷų
һµϢϵĿʼŻĴݿʼͷų
һϵĽӴޱȣ·һֻ޴һ㣬ԺյϢͬް԰İȻ
˳⽨֮УһװεĻȴָߴĹ֮С
һＤҵš
ϵϢϵͷţ·һħһ㣬ԭҵ֮Уһֿµ֮
һųɫۣ˫Ŀ絶Ե֮У̻˷
ӸλϵȻĿһڼҵţƺǶԴû˿ļ⣬һ˫Ŀ֮Уâȴһ㣬Խҫ
ڣ
ҵĵһˣ
ҲҵļԵƿߣ
ѾˣҲڶݵʱ֮б׵߽⣬һѵҪԴвɣ
һλĿ̲סĶڣе
׵£쳹˸оܵĿռ䶼ڷɿĲţ·һһ㣬˵ĺܡ
ǰôõʱˣۿѩұҪˣȴһתˣ˵ʱ򲻳ֵĻѵ˵ȶ֮ȥֲɣ
һ̲סĽе

ڣص˵ͷ
ϳȥңǲɷϵǣȫȫΪģΪѡǼ尵жԿҲȥģһҲһ¡
ڣĻƺԵûȥ˵һѩұ顣
ֻǱؾ˵顣
ôõʱ䣬һֻǣһֻֻ֪ȥ˱Ѫǣ
һ˿֮ͷų
Щ㵵ĿڣȫĲ֪һڵǴ˵ʲô
ڸô죿
ǣȴҲһ㹱׶ûС
ڣûлشȴ˵
ˣ֮У˿˿µâ
һȻԵĹͨǿߣ
򣿣
ֵĳ֣ʱ˵ɫʼ仯
ǿߣԭȻںܾǰԺǿ߹ͨȴʧȥϵֻû뵽ǣһﾹȻٴεҵ˹ͨķʽˣ
˵ʱڣϱ鿪ʼøӵı
ǿߣһλ֮򣬶ңϢƺΪѰһ棬˵ѩұǿߵĻ
˵ʱڣıƺǿʼԽ
ʵ̫ˣ˵ǽ˱ȥĻǾͿǿ߽Էˣ˵ѩұǿߵĻƺǿԲҪķκεͽġ
ǰҼûǿߣȴҲ˵⣬һѾˣ˵һˣǲҪκεģ
ߣʵֶθ߳
˲ϵĳڣ˵˻
뷨ǲκΣֶλǲһЩ
һĻͻȻĴݳ
˵ɫʱ仯
ҹɫʣһֲ£ͷų˵Ĺ⻪֮Уòٻ谵Χ𲻶ϵƺܵ˿Ĵһ㣬˵Ļ⡣
˭
ڣɫ䣬ĺȵ

һӰ֡
ɿĻһɫĹâһλӼȥ

ɫһ䣬Ѹٵȭĺȵ
ͻ֮ȭ
𣡣
ʮ׵ľ룬Ȼ˿񱩵ĻХ̬һ޴Ľɫ󻢷γɵչ˿ֲķ
͵ĽԷ׵˺ѡ
ۣ
Ӱͣ٣Ȼը
ʱѪ衣
Ȼһλ׵սʿ
˵ϴŵ·Щ·֮ˣȴںݺݵزΪҵһλսʿ
ҵĻӳ
ϳսʿݡ
ȴʼ˲˾裬еĽ䱸˼¡
ڵѾûа취ˡ
˭
ڣҵƿߣȻڿʼʱԵøľȣȴܿıָԼƽĺ
ͬһ޴ɽ壬ޱȵѹ
ƻӶһֲĺɫӰӷĴͷų漴γһָɽһӡ
壡
ڣҲõһΪһʸɳΪڵĵزɾΪһƿء
䡭
巢˾޴Ĳռ䶼ʼ
ĲƷɿĳɢ
ʮף
ף
ǧף
Բǧ׵ķΧʱı峹׵
ϣ
һŷ񲨶ĦĴ˳
һ˳˵ǰ
˵ĳ֣ԵøĹ죬ͷ·һͻأĳֳû˿Ĳ쳣
һͷѩһɺ죬Űɫĳֳۣһ޴Ļƽ󽣣
޴Ļƽɫ󽣣ﵽһĵزֲǷĽ棬űϢڵϻһµĺۼ
Է޽ߣ·һ㡣
˭ʲô
ڣɫ䣬ĺȵ
ϵǷ˿ֲĲƺ˶Էһ㣬ֻҪԵʩչͨ˲ѹסˡ
ߣ硣
Ҷ죡
ǸղŲǾ𣿡
Ҷ쵭Ц
ЦݺǵȻ»֮£ȴԵøĲ԰ףӵĴһɭϢ䣬ͬһµĶħһڻͷԼѹ
㡭ѵ˵ѩұǿߣ
ڣﵭ˵
֮ҲʼɭȻ쳣
㲻Ѿ֪𣿡
Ҷ˫Ŀͷų˿˿ɺ졣
ңƺǺ͸û˿ĳްɣѩұʲôҲԸ㣬Ҹ࣬Ӧ֪ѩұʷңʵϻ෽棬Էв̫ԶˣǺ޺
оҶɢɱڣĿ˵
𣿡
Ҷ첻ÿɷ֮У˸оͼǺܿȴһ˿ĮЦݣ
ǣƺǸˣСǾȻϵ֪𡭡
͡
߲
ã
ڣɫ䣬û뵽Ҷ˵־Ͷ֣ǰ滹˵žȻѾѡ˳֡
䡭
һ裬ʱҶ߲·Ҫ涼һ㣬ǿֲٶѾһ˿󵽵ˣųǱֻһʵеȵĵطεĻ˾˵ֶΡ
ѹ
䡭
ĳ֡
ʱޱߵѹʼռ

֮еλǿߣ̲סһߣ˵ѹǿȥֿסģѹҶ˵ȴ㲻ʲô

ۻɷʥ壡

Ҷ쵥һȭӶ
ӡȭ
ȭȭӡ죡
ͣ
һ裡
˳Ƶĳȥ


1506 ʯĲ

춯ص˲ĽĴʼ·֮䣬ڲһµĹһ
׳գȻͽֵĺҵԿҳȫ㣡
Ҷ쾹ȻȭͷԼ忪ʼ̣ڣ¶˷ɫ
ʱĴ֮Уֻߡ
Щԭվڴ֮еǿǣÿһλҵĸ߲㣬ϼ
ȴ޲ߵѹƣߵƿأ֮ڣеĳ޸ӵһֲĵزڵȴҲûʱȥģʱҪնɱҶ죬һҪնɱҶ죬ûεܹԼеŭƽϢ
ɣɣ
Ҷ˫Ŀ˿˿⣬дſµš
뵽ۻɷʥľ֮󣬻ûԽ˵ı
·ǷȴҲ⡣
һȭ
䣬Ҷ˵ʼ
ںһɢĿֲǻΪһɽһ㡣
̫ɽѹ

ȭȭӡ죡
һȭſµȭ⣬иӵ۳ǿ֮ͻɷ֮
սӡļȡؼĿֲս⣬㹻κεһλ޷Įӡ
꣡꣡
һȭĻӶ֮ʱĴһı漴ľȻĹ
׳գ
ڣ¶˵ɫ·Ҷȭͷһ㣬Ǻܿģɫȴʼѿ쳣
ôܣ
ʧĽе
ֻ֮ϣȻ˵ĹѺۡ
壬ȻҶѿˣ
ڣѾſµĶȴҲҲ޷ֵԭӣʧŭȴѾɢ

Ҷٴεĺ
ӡȭٴεĳ֡
һȭرѣĺۼһĵƤʼĴζϣѺۣ·֩Ŀʼɢ
꣡
꣡
޴ʯϵĶѣʱڣڵ֪ˣԼˣԼȥѩұӵĲȥҶġ
һƺǶѾ
͡
ٴε壬Ƭʼܼ˲䣬Ҷž޽ʱһӡ
һĦ˺ѵ֮
ֻڣĲѾһµĺɫۼ
㡭㵽˭
ڣ޷ŵסԼĲӣѪ·Ȫӿ
˭ҵݣȥ֮ѯʰɣ

ָӥצһ㣬ڣͻɢ֮Уļȡ
ʱһѶϢʼ˳
ЩѶϢڣһļ䡣
һһȻ֪ľ֮飿
Ҷ̲סĵ
㷢֣ʵҶ̲סҪ
ôȥնɱõϢȴôĿӵ
Ҷ컹ڣļ֮Уҵ˹ұصϢ
ұϾһϵļ壬֮Уһ֮վĻǽıŵһصĵط֮С
ѵ˵ľ֮Էŵ˱ز֮أ
Ҷüж
⵹ǲܵ飬Ͼ˵ƺûжٵôתҶ˵ˣȥȡе
ҼǼȡˣȴҲ޷ȥ̸ǶˣûֹʥҲὫľ֮ˡ
ڣͲ֪һҼˣȻĶľ֮˽⣬ѰľʯԴҲǲܵˡ
¡¡
Ҷ컹˼ʱͻȻ濪ʼѣĴʼ
ҶڣսȻֻǼжѣĿֲʵǳһ˵
µѾ֧׵Ļһ
ڣ䣬ֵ֧ӵĻɢڵ̲סĿʼˡ

Ҷ콫еĻƽӵ˵ϣҪѡ뿪ѰұأͻȻ֣Ϲѵķ϶֮УȻĲ
㲨أޣӵһ̬ڳɢ·֮䣬һǳ˵ĻȻĲģǶҶ˵֮ȴĸо㲨

ֵĽһ޴ʯɵһࡣ
Ҷ˫Ŀ˿˿â
ü֮Уͬʥ衣
ۣ֮
ʱһֻ۾
һֻۣͷ·۾һ㣬ſµѹϣȥһۣԵĻ̲סĤݵĸо
쳣ŷ·ǲ͸Ĳһ㡣
Ϣ
ҶʵʼҶѾ𽥵ĸо֮۵Ŀ¡
һһ
ҶڴԼܹﵽ̶ȡ
ǸʱͿĸıһ˵֮УԽһ˵˳׵ŤתǶɱ
֮۵Ĳչ֡
ΧĲҲʼ쳣
žžž
µĲơ
·ĳĵŤһ
̬ȴû˸о˿Ĳԣ෴ǣһĲǹӵϢȻζҶǿĶ־̲ס˹ȥ
ǡϵƣ
֮뵽ڲҶ쾹ȻĹ·Щ·ȻҶ춼ûа취ȥƿء
䡭
Ҷ컹Ҫ˲䣬һɿֲıŷȻ·ǻɽ緢һ㣬Ҷ壬
ȥ
Ҷĺ
һȭأ
¡¡
һ汻顣
֮
Ҷɲ뿪ˣоˣ·棬ԼҪĶ
ҶһǶԼĸоΪŵġ
ϣ
ǿѹȻϵĽҶ壬ͷ·ҪҶ峹׵˺ѵһ㡣
Ǿ˵Ҷ뵽ۻɷʥľ磬ʼһ۵ĸо
꣡
ЩҶ죬̲סŭһ
ʱ֮ϣɢǳ
ǳ׵磡
ɲѸٵĳ˿ռ䡣
ֲϬ漴Ļ˾һ㣬֮УѾⷽԲ׵ķΧѹ
ˡ͡
ƺǸо˽룬Щƣ·ǻŵһ㣬ȻٵŤ
ӣǧ˻ƵĶԼǰߣȥзë
ݡ
ֻת˲ЩƾȻٵķɴ
Ҷһ
ڣļ֮УҶҲûҵ⹬֮ƵϢ˵ԵģЩƵĳ֣κεһ˶֪ġ
˵ãŲ˼Ķء
Ҷ컹Щ·ʱͻȻģһĲȴش˳
ʯ
ҶʧĽе
ⲨȻǾʯģ
ѵ˵
ҶɫϲޱȵĽ


1507 ħ
ʯ
Ҷκεһ˶Ҫȥõ˻ʯʹҶȥع鵽ԼԭĹ硣
ҶԼҪõĶ飡
Լһ¶ҶԭѾﳹ׵ʧˣǵԼ֮̽УΪԭʼļ֮УȴԼ˵ӡ
ҪҵǣѯǵΪʲôҪңΪʲô
ҶĽе
䡭
Ըոյ£ĵ£ȻһɿֲϢ
Ϣ֮УŻ棬·Ҫﳹ׵ķյһ㡣
Ϣô˵Ļȣ
Ҷӿ˾ȵĸо
ͷһƬء
˲Ϣǹ·Ԥʾﲻ򵥡
뵽ܴܿžʯҶҲ˲ôˡ
һ
֮
Ҷ콫Լӵ˼ޡ
ȻûʲôǲɷϵǣԷļֵԵĿԺκεһؼ
ȵĿ֡
ҶҲ֪Լ뵽˶ôĵط
ΧĻ֮磬ȴƺǱԽȺͿ
󣬼Ҷǿ󣬵ȴҲоһ˿ȡ
ое¶֮Ҷ̲סһ󾪺
ȻԿ䣬ǶԼۻɷʥȴ൱ţ˳ˣһ֮ǿߣȵϢҲ̲ס뿪ġ

һ֡
Ҷжʱһ󿺷ܡ
ƺˮ
뷨ĳ֣ҶӰʼøӵѸ

ԼǱһӵʱ֮Ȼ֮䣬ҶǰһĻȹâ
һ˲䣬һɿֲϢѾĳɿĴ
Ϣ·һ˵һ㣬ʱҶ¿ɵ״̬ǻ³оһȵ֮ɫ̲ס΢
漴Ļص̬
ƿٵ趯ͬһ㣬ŻɷϢѸٵĳһ衣
ľһˮеһ
ȵϢȴ˳գĦ
ʱϴһ΢΢ĴʹС
оҶɫڱ
ָ΢Լգһ˿͵ĸоͷ·һ㣬ϸ΢ۡ
Ѿ˵ҵ𣿡
Ҷ૵ĵ
ռ֮
һֻɫչ
ӴĿռ֮ٵ緢ȥⷽԲǧ׵ķΧ֮У׵ƿ
漴˫Ŀ𣬿ΧĻ
ӿ漴ıѣһλ𻨿ʼ֣ٴεĵ䡣
ǰһУȻһ޴ҽ硣
ɢԼֲϢ
Ҷ첻Ҫȥ̽ȴҲ֪¶ȣѾߵһ˵ĵزԼȻֲҲСһ㣬û˭Ҳ޷֤Լİȫ
ʯϢѾʼԽʲôط
Ҷ
˫ĿȴڿʼΧϵؿš
ܿģһ˫Ŀһط
Ǳҽ֮أ
ҽ磬Լһ򳡵ô
Χȴ޲һЩѵʯʯֳ˺ɫĻɫǾ˳ʱ֮ɵĺۼ
˫Ŀ΢΢֮ۺ֮ĲѾʼԽԽ
ֲ޲ڸ⾻ʯϢǴҽ֮ͷųġ
Ĵɣ
ҶЦ˵
֮
ͻȻҶԺһ
廯̬·һԵһ㣬ȴ¶˿ĵЦ⡣
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֮ǼȡŻʼɳģԽǿµ棬ҶЧȻľԽá
͡
΢΢һ
Ҷ̽ŽԼ뵽ҽ֮С
ȻۻɷʥǱѰҽ¶ȿ쳣ҶȴҲֻǸоһʹУֻǶʱ֮ȴǿԼġ

ٴεһ
漴ҶĻ֮ʼ
漴ϵĻһļȡǿֲ¶ȣȻ˲ʧӰˡ
Ҷڣǻ֮ȴ·ǻһ㣬ٵļȡеĻ֮Ե
ڵ̫ӡǻתţҶ첻Ҵ⣬֮ȡһλȴԼ˷һΣҶҪСĵȥӦˡ
ȥɣΪ˾ʯƴˣ
ҶһҧˣȻѸٵĽҽ֮С
ҽڲ¶ȣȵĶࡣ
ʱҶǿʼԻ֮תȴҲ𽥵ĸоһ˿ȵϢԼת
㹻Ŀĳе¶ȸжôĿֲ
Һõǣ¶ȣҶ컹ȥӦ
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ҶϲϵɢǿػԼ壬ҲΪ˺úõĹ۲ΧһС
ҽ棬һжǻɫһƬЩҽܵĺܣҪеڲӵѡ
ûѲΧ̽·ĻǴ粽ˡ
ˡ
һ춯
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һ˲䣬ҶоԼڶһɴȣȴûл෴뵽Լ֮Ҷ쾹ȻоԼʼøӽպǿˡ
֮ȻＳȡӴĻ֮Ļ˵ãҵʵ첻ľ硣
뵽ЩҶж̲סһ˿⶯
Ҳ֪ǲܵġ
Լʱȣڣļ䣬ˣ˵ûʲôʱϹġ
ʱԼûоʯĻǻ൱鷳ġ
𡭡
ҲҶ꿪ʼʱ͵һҰްĺʼ˳
֮УѪײС
ƺǸоҶĴڡ
ʲô
΢Ҷݿʼ
ͣ
ȻģһµĳҶص˦
һȻһ˰ơ
Ҷݲ䣬ȴԵһ漴廯һ㣬ٵĳһ
֮ڰҽ֮У޷ȴҲĲܵĶ
һľȻԼǰһţһû뵽ǿµҽ
ƺǲҶ쾹ȻҶԼĽʱһֲĽһ󼱴ٵ˺˳
ת˲ߣٶȿľˡ
֮ҶĿˣһɫӰڳԼѸ͵ĳ˹
ӰģĺܣٶȿľˣǵĻԵûа취ȥĿģ֮ǰԷ޷ڸס
һɲƬªԴֲ֫ԼһֻµβͣһȥȻһֻԴȴЩƵ
𣡣
һŭ֮󣬶ʱģΧĿռ֮УѾһɾ˵档
Ҷɿȥ


1508 ֮

յϼԪŨΪҺ壬صķ͹ϵĹ֮ݻеֱգ뵽еĺġ
޾ԪߣʱıһƿأһֻֻĴ֣ȡͰռЩԪ£
һĹâЩƵ֣һ޴Ŀռ俪ʼĿϡ
޾ϵŤ·趯һ㣬ȥȻԵúȶʵȴһ־춯صı
ǿı˸оԼ񶼿ʼɢ
ռ䣬·ǻ֮һ㣬е뵽УᱻǿеɣΪԭʼ
ԼĿԴռ棬żӰڸ֡
ģĻ쵰
һȴֻռ֮УȻżϣ˫Ŀ񣬻߱Ŀվŭ⡣
֮ˣվ˫Ŀ絶л̬Ȼվȴһµ硣
ӿȥͬһλϣǿµϢȴ·һʷǰһ塣
ʱǰһȱİ׹ǡѪ⡣
һ𣬾Ȼһ
治ϵĻۣϣⱻָȻһɹʼƿأ漴Ǳ˷֣ǾԻ̲ס
ǺܿģһĲҲֻάϵ˼ʱѣһ̣ٴεֹͣŰĳ˯
ʧȥ꣬һûа취۳ǿԴ꣬ҿ϶ǣһѾҶָˣҪָֻܹҶᵽ
һ˻ؿ˵
ݰԵſֲƣ䣬·Ҳſռ
ҶĻһϳЩˣ˵֮ˣ̫һӣļˣȻݲϣҲϵãǵΧЩϵǿǡ
ҶСӣ֪ѰôõʱˣȴûҵټһɣһѾˣ
ٴε˵
ϸϸĿǸʬ壬Ȼһһ˿ټŭ֮ˣһżƣֹʥ˭
ܹħ֮֮УѰҵһµֶΣҶ֪Ļ»ὫֹʥٴεΡ
ҶǸ֣϶ģиоһĳط֣һղǾһвҪɱҪɱ
ֹʥؿ˵
һΪ֮ĵطѶϢһǿûᣬ
̫һӵüͷ˵
֮𣿡
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Ȼʲ󣬵ȴܹ˷Ǽ̵Ķǰħ̥ҶǸСֵ֣޷ģҪҵɱ
̶

ҶֻǸоԼϣһѹ·˶Ҫǿеȥһ㡣
Щǹ죬ҽ֮оȻȼգҽ֮еĻ֮ϵ׳ƺǲҶȥǾԵĲֵġ
ߡ
Ҷһ
һﻹǲ֪
ռ֮
Բǧ׵ķΧʱֺƿ
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ħŭһ徹Ȼһ˿ӡ
ҶĿռ֮УԷԶȻֻһ˿̲صѾڴ첻𾳵ǿˣκνҶ죬עҪˡ
ۣ
ƻצ⻪γ˾צһ㣬Ȼû뵽ϡ
䡭
Ѫ裬ǿۻɷʥı˳ƵĽԷ˺ѳΪƬ
ҽ֮УޣŴ첻۷壬Ǵ̫žǿߣȥӦħȴҶ̥
ǿĿռ֮ӵſֲ֮ȡ棬ҽ˺͵һ˵ĵز
֮Ŀ̶ֲȣѾǶԷ޷ȥֿˡ
ڻħﱻ˺֮ΧҽȻͬʶһٵĽԷϵѪûȥ
һŹֵȴΧҽһĹ

仯Ҷ̲סһ
漴ĿȥֻȻһöĻ𻨡
һöĻ𻨣Ż棬ȴͬǻһʢš
ڵ̲סĳһְռĲ
ɲڻ֮
ʲô
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εʩչȻһ󷴵ƺһö֮Уĳֿµ־Ǵʱ޷ȥҶ
ܿ죬ҶתʱĶԷķ׵ʧһöë׵ʵ֮С
һöȵʵеڻ棬ȴʵʣεġ
ʲô
Ҷ̲ס˵
ʱڵĻ֮ƺǸо˶Է洫ݳľٵͷųɵʶ
ž
ָ΢ҶѸٵи
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һâСѸٵĽơ
ࣣ
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һĺɫҺ壬ȴ˳ǴƵС׿ʼʳ
Ҷһ˿ŵ
ʱһ֮Уſζ䳹Ҷζ١
ζҶ˵ļⶼʼó鴤˫ĿùԲзĺ
Ҳݣ軹ܹӵĶĵ㲻
ֱ㶼Ҫء
ֲٱ
ǾҶ컹ʱ̣ȴоˣڣȻһĻɿ뵽Լ֫ٺıоˣԼ徹Ȼʼرһ˿ҲһЩ
Ȼ΢ȴҶһ
˵һ˿Һ壬Ȼ㾪˵Ч
ϾҶҪĻҪӴġ
Ѱĵҩȥ̲ɳȥˡ
ƴˣ
ҶпЦ˵
漴ۣĵֿζٵĽ
û뵽һΣô࣬أһǿҵĿɬ
ΪԼҶҲ˲ôˡ
ܿģת߱ħԪ־ѧתҶϾȻһ˿ͻƵĲ
첻𾳵Ҫ𣿡
Ҷ켤˵
𡭡
ҽһķڣĿ²֮УݵҶǰ֮Ѹٵת֮ſʱһӰӳҶǰ
⾹Ȼһʮֻ
Щ˫Ŀ䣬ſµӷ͸ղŵһֻħȫһ¡
Ҫ̲ҵ
Ҷ컺ؿ˵һʱͬһ㣬ٵĳһȥ


1509 ֣

ֲĲҽҶ﷢˳
ֻʱ˷·Ǳһ㣬
ȴڼʹࡣ
һʹಢŵ̬
ЩҶĲ²⣬Ӧڴ˺ܳ£Ҳˣڻ˴ĻЩ۵һ̶֮ΪҶԵһĶ
ֻȻףζʵҶ첻ȥά
̫ѳˣ
ΪԼʵҶҲֻƴˣ
еþʧȻЩ⣬ѳԣҶõĺôҲǲٵġ
ʱϣѾ𽥵ĿʼһŻ
Щ⣬ȥۣɫҽ֮УȴĿ
ҶҲڷɿţ˳֫ٺʼѸٵʣдһ˿˿Ĵʹ
о仯Ҷ֪ԼͻƵĻᵽˡ
һֻ֣һֻħ˺֮Ҷ콫һöȥ
䡭
ʱģһɿֲ·Ǵﵽһٽ㣬ٵı˳ȥ
͡
ϵĳۣ˲ıȼճΪ˻ҽ
ⲻҶΧ¶̫ߣǱϵЧ
ܿģϣȻ˿˿ʹ
ô£
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ľǿΪ˴ԼҶѾֹһεʹ˺ܶǿҩѪ̲Ѱ޷ȥҡԼֺġ
оЩԾҶ죬̲ס˫Ŀ漴ڣٵĹ۲
ǣ
Լ֮Ҷ̲סһ
ֻ֮ϾȻһİߵ㡣
Щߵ㣬ֳ˺ɫȻС֮ں£޷ӡ
ЩߵʣʼСһ˿˿·Ѹٵ
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Щߵ϶Լ֮ڲصһЩء
ܹҽ֮ȻŻԵЩ޷˺ЩħȴǵҶһôʱȻҲЩռˡ
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Ҷ⣬֮ϣĺɫۼҲڻ©
Щǻ֮
ǿĶأҽĳˢѸٵʧ
ظ㶨֮ҶҲһһרעͽˡ
˫ֻؽӡʱһҶڿʼͷ˳
Žӡٶȼӿ죬Ҷ棬𽥵ĿʼγһɫѺۡ
ѺҶΧܲľȻ˺ڶһ㡣
䡭
һװĺ֡
һпٵҽڲ֡
ǿеӶ֮󣬴ӡ
üĵ֮ſ˸ϵϢϵΧ۲;š
İĵطҶǲҴˡ
ұֻ֤Щͬһڡ
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ڵܵҶĿƣʱЩ¼ʱϿʼӴ
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ҶȻͿʼͻƵıԵȴҲҪķһ
оڵƺǴ󽭴ӴϢȴһɽ谭
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ƣ
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䡭
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
һ֮ſֲ˺ѣǿɿʻ
оЩԼڣѸٵγһĴ졣
ҶҲ΢΢ĻһĵĻߡ
첻죡
ͻˣ
оԼڣ·ǳһ㣬ͷԼٶȺͲҶ̲ס
ĶҽѸٵķָ
·Ǳһεǿеѹסһ㡣
Ҷȴ֪Լûʩչٵ
죬Ȼǿ̫ˣڵңԼľϵͿӵ첻𾳵κһλǿߣҼǶԿ̫žһĳǿߣնɱо̫ˬˡ
΢΢ĸ֮̾УҶٴεĻ˵ͣȻĻӶȥ
ȻɵһֵȻһţһ̣ǧ֮֡
𡭡
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Ȼ䣬һֻ޴ԴѾҶֲֻѪϢͷ㹻ҶĴЦֲӴˮͰ壬·һһ㣬һµҽС
оۼΧҶϣֲԵĲܹ֮

Ҷ
𣡡
һ֮ȻҶϾۼ˾צУ޴ףвĲ
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ͣ
Ҷָ΢
ʼתһ˿֮¶
оҶʼ
İɣҲɱģ
Ҷ쵭˵
ǧףͲ֪˶ʱˣȻͨ飬ˣҶĻոյ£ȻڲȴҲں͸ղǰ㵨ӡ
΢΢һҶ֮ٵĽļ临˹
˫Ŀ𣬴֮УҶ֮ٵķŶԷļ䡣
û뵽һﾹȻѾ˴ﵽǧʱ䣬ʵڴ첻ĳ̶ȣټһĿֲǲ𾳰ǿ߶Ѹ㶨
Ϊӵ֮ҶţҪ㶨һĵҪķһЩˡ
ҶĲ鿴ܿģ㿴ˣļ֮УһͨһͨľͷһȻ󷨡
ңһķģЩĺҶֵЩȫһ¡
Ӧþˣ
Ҷкǿ϶жϵ
漴˾ؿ˵
ȥǹĵط
˻
˻һƺڵʲôҶϵĿʼһһ֮εҡԼԴ
һǽһưղŻΪǷһʳȴû뵽ʳǲȴĿֲ
ʯҪõ𣿡
ҶаԵϲ


1510 ʯ
ļ֮Уǹϵ󷨾Ҷڵλò
ٶȴˣҶѾоˣǾʯĲʼԽԽ
Χһ޺
߼񣬻߿񱩣ȴѪϢ
˻
ŭĺһǣʱΧһƬİ
ȻһһĴڡ
Լ粻̲סķһ˻
Ͻߣ
ҶûĶһԴһơ
˻˻
ǽһԹҽ֮еİǿĺܣڣȴҶԼϣƵҪ뵽ҶϱͿֲ֮ȴҲϽв
һѪϵвѹ
˿ķԻᱻѹȥġ
ǧǿɲǰװ׵ģںҽ֮Уһɱ֮лõģ˵һ￴ʵʵ൱ĴѾͨˡ
֪Ҷǲֻѡˡ
İɣȵҹȥ֮ٲĺô˵ãһһ˿֮ʱͿԸӵǿˡ
Ҷǰ鳼š
˻
һľϲ漴ٶϱøѸ
ղŻŲڿνĸԸˡ
˾İΧЩҽǣ˿ĶҶû뵽ﾹȻôҽĺԼԿĻԼǲ鷳ȴԵٲˡ
Լǰ˰Сʱ·֮һضѵԨҶǰ
ĹâϵĴԨڲͷų
صķɢ˾˵Ĳ޷Įӡ
󵽣ҽڲһ˾޴硣
ԨҶı鿪ʼ
Χҽ˺ܶ࣬Ųٵ½档
ǾȴǶѵԨʼ΢Ŀƺǲȥǰ
ҶҲΪϾȥĻԼء
һ֮ס˾
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һ֮ȻӴ󣬵ȴ֮Ѿʧʷ֮УҪõ֮֮Ǳ컹ѡ
оҶеһ֮˼һӱ㽫ȥ
䡭
ϵĹâɿתȻֻǺ֮䣬һ֮ͫУȴžâ˸Ȼǻǳ
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һɿµͷš
ʱһĲ
޴Դɿš
Ҷ첻ȥ˵Ĳ𻺻ſҼӳ˳⽣֮ɿ趯ӳ˳⽣֮֮Ҷٶ屶ࡣ
ʱһ⳯ǶѵԨȥ
һԨ£ΪطĵԵʣԵòڰΪƺǱһصػţȻûҽ뵽ǸҶʡ˲С鷳
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ﾹȻûһֻС
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Ҷһˬ֮ڨڨЦЦһ̶С۾˸žâ
㾹ȻطҲ֪˵أǡƷأ
ﵽʲôط
ҶѾ͵˼ޣеҪ֪ﵽжٵľʯ
ƺǿҶѾڱıԵȻ֪þյĵˣ΢΢һԼۣؿ˵
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֮󣡡
ظϵıȴʼ÷ࡣ
ô֮ǿ£
Ҷüͷ𣬼֮Уƺû󷨵֡
ȷʵǿ󷨵ֳ֮Ϊ򷣣Ϊѹͳͽ䣬һ֣ڶԷƥǼֱҪصںٴεȥã룬жεܹؿ⣿ȡصľſԳΪޣʣصöôĿֲϱһ޷ƽˡ
˵ʱȴ¶һĨɫ
ȴһȻ󷨣Ԩ֮У֪˶ٵʱ֮Уγɵ֮󣬺󵽣ѧҪĶٵʱſԶѻ
ĸ̾Ȼ࣬ҶôǸоѾУԵڵ٩Լ
Խ⿪𣿡
ҶԿʼԽ΢
ȻǱģأҲ֪ģͷϡ
˵ģѾԼһֻʴƣĴָʳָ໥Ĵ궯ţе˼ȻǲԶġ
Ҷһ¶һĨŹֵЦݣ
ž
һץס˶Էֱۡ
㡭
ڵ֮УȴԼֱ۱סˣʱİԽһã

Ҷʩչʱ쳣ĽһӵǶѻ˷ĵ֮֮С
Ĳҽ֮УķȻĸоĴڣ漴涼ʼƺͻ߿ʼߣγһµ׵硣
Щ׵磬ÿһ㹻ˮͰĴϸ
ѹһƬ׵񳱡
Ҷ졭쵰
ʼ
Ĳҽ
ӣڰ㰡㿴֮ѾѵˣοĻȻγɵģҶģ
Ҷ˫ֱһ˵̬ؿ˵
˶Ҫˣ
үң#%*#@
ȻʱҲû̫ʱȥˣʼתȻˡ

˸һӴƣֲƷ裬˫ȻĺʮٴηĽӡ

¡¡
ضɽҡ
ɽѣ
еĹ֮ˮһ㣬һĿʼȥ
һ֪֮ǿ󣬴ʱ˿Ĵ⣬漴Ŀʼ󡭡
Ǿ˶ֲŷҶҲо֮ľ֮
ǳֵֶΣȴһʵԽĺ
䡭
Լʮӵʱ䣬Ȼģһɾ޴𶯳֣󣬵Ĺ⻪˸һоʯҶ֮С
ʯ
־Ҷǿĳ̶ȣȴҲ̲ס¶˿ϲɫ


1511 Ѱľ֮
ʯ
Ǿʯ
Ҷ˫ĿùԲǽ뵽˴ľ֮ȴҲû˵ļ
оͷ·ԼѾҪ˷ܵ޷мһ㡣
ǾʯǾʯ
Ҷ૵ĵϵı飬Ǵһ˷ܡ޷šȵิӵ
˾ʯҶͿȥ뵽ԼԭĴԪĻع鵽ԼĹ磬ȥȥһۣ
Ҷĺʼü٣Ӷʼó쳣˫Ŀɢ˵ľ񳹵׵Ŀʼ춯
ң
߻ħף
ҶǼᶨ־ӵȶ̫ɽһ㣬ڵžʯȴҲ޷ȥĵּϲã̲סķ˾̾
ǴʱȴҲ൱ΣյģۼҶҪ뵽߻ħĵزͻȻһ֮д˳
Сӣ
һŭͻȻľҶ졣
ըף׵𶯵Ҷ졣
ֻʱǷֵ棬ѾǿѳΪ˲ϵⱦ񣬵ȵȵ౦׵Ļ촷ۣղŵ׵ڣ䵽ϣȻûܵٵ˺ȴҲʧС
һ˵ӡ
Ҷħ˲ı飬΢ٵʩչŰ˲ͼ
ۡ
һ޴ĺڶ漴ĳ֡
ڶ֮УŹ϶ɣϢ·һԽبźδĹ϶Ѩһ㣬˲Ľһ˽ȥ
ͨ
Ű˲ͼ֮Уֱӵĵ䵽˺ˮ֮Уȴ¶˱ߵɫ
Ҷ죬쵰Ȼң
ʱ徭ˮĳˢѸٵ¶®ɽĿһȻֵĺܣǲò˵ϵƤ൱İ𪡣
ʱĳѾӲǱߵı飬ҶЩ˼ڨڨһЦ漴Ĵ˵
ٺٺ٣ӣһΣҵĴⲻΪ㿴֮ԴнȥĦջ϶ٰ
ջƨ
ϵļⶼڳ鴤š
׼ҶǸȴû뵽ôĲװ
Ȼӵ棬Ȼ˵ĳ̶ȣ֮ǲֻһ̶ϣȴʼյĲԸⱩ¶ԼʵҲʹܵ˺Ҳ漴ĳ̶ϡ
ҵۡҵİ̵ҵ塭
Լһ˿δŵӣ﷢Ĳҽ
ҶƲƲͣһΪıӡ
Ѿıǲ٣ȴŵĺܣŵЩν䱦ûһܹģЩνıղصЩ˵ֱ
ҲѾܹΪ
ҶҲȻҲȥƽѾĿɥһܡ衱֮Ҫ̬̲סӣ˵
ðɣľӣһö
һ̶С۾ʱķµâʴָϵ໥תҧгݵĽе
ʮö
ҶüͷѾĻ̰ʱľ۵ĹҲֻĶʮöѾſھҪ˽һ룬ҶεܹӦֱӵķ˵
ö
ö
öûУҪҪ
ɽ
һ˷ӵޱȵ̬ҶذסԼĶͷôǸоһΣԼƺʧء
ܿҶٴεĽԼĿ⿪ʼⱻ֮ȥ
Ŵľʯ
Щʯɫϻ̬ϣȫĺҶӵеһöʯһ¡
ҶѾԺǿ϶⡭Ǿʯ
ʯʯ
Ҷ΢΢Լ촽ؿ˵
Դ֮Уȴһ͵ĴĴݳ֮ҶĸоԼľʯӵˡ

˦ҶչŰ˲ͼ˽ȥ
ЩʯҶҪı档
ϸϸЩʯȻֻнӽö
ƷҲ൱һ㻯뵽ɾʯĿ̶ֲȣҶ̲סĶһ£
֪ܲ㹻ҿع鵽Լԭĵط
ҶЦ˵
漴Ӱٴε˸ع鵽Ԩ֮ϡ
Ǿ޴ߣˮһĳ￴š
ʱϣһƬƬƬÿһƬʼ͹ֳһĨӨĹâЩâ϶أԼĿԸоһ˿ϸ΢֮˸
ԵһҶͷųһ֮֮иС
֮Ͼ֮ΪҲ̲һִУȻĿܶĶġ
Ҷ֮һֱӵ˷ܽ
һֺõӣҶһѾģȻΪ֮ԼĽڲٶҪˡ
߰ɣ
˾ҶѸٵѡ뿪
ϸ˵һεջǲġ
õ˾ʯնɱһǧջҪǿҡ
ȥѰһľ֮ˣҵǵõľ֮ģ
Ҷ˼˵
һոµ·ٴε˰ɫĳ֮Ҷ콫ٴεͷˣһ֮Ǽһ˷ܵӣҶһΪżָ̾
Ҳ´ٴεļһԷѾΪˡ
Һܴ
ĳ棡
ռޱȣҵܵĽǻ߶洦ĿԿֱֳеĻ
Щˣ֪ԼѾ׵ˡ
ȻЩֻͨˣĲΪǣҶҲȥ⣬߲תѸٵĳһ͵ĹӶȥ
ҶһεĿġ
ļ֮УҶ֪ˣӵľ֮
ľ֮ԼһҲڱصá
һҶɿǰȥ
˭
һȴʱģʼһ񳱣һֻ޴ͻ󣬰Χסŭʮ
Ȼؿռ䶼ʼ
Ȼһλǿߣ
Ҷ쾪ȵ˵һҶļ֮Уǲڵġ
㲻ҵӵܣϷԼ̣
ϵ˿˿ɷƺֻҪҶٲߣҪɱˡ
׳յľ棬ʵܹ˻ųȥ
Ҷ첻мЦ
ӰӣʱĻһʥâ
͡
䡭
Ԫ
һǧ֮
߲
־ѧһȻĳһռݺݵһ̤ȥ
ң
ĿռһҡΣ·ˮһ㣬ɢ
һӰȻĴУֿ˿ռ䣬һӴ˳ȥ
ܵ𣡣
ҶЦ˵
µ̤˶ԷԴ档
ۣ
ѪɽԷ˲䱻ҶΪ⽴
ٴεĲҶȻͷųʮ󴫳Ĳҽ
ػʵȴǺǿҶ쿴ˡ
ߵһŵǰ棬ҶƻػӶ
飡
Ŵ飬ڲ֮УȻ⻪űĹâҩԼ౦ɢزͷġ
ҶȴһλϿ˹ȥʯʯͱʯ


1512 Ծ
ңǴһιϵ֮Уŵļ塣
ر֮еƷϣԵųеĵһ塣
ֵ챦ʤҩҲһƿƿİڷţȻ˵ȼĵҩҶûжôģǶ˵ȴ޼֮ġ
ľ֮
˵
ҶҲ漴سһ˹ȥ
ʯʯʯȫĶѻһЩһЩıʯʯɢв١
Ȼһռġ
ڵҩȻްȴҶЩϲ
΢΢һҶĽЩʯʯƿ
ģһööɫľʯҶǰ
һööɫľʯ
ڲϸϸĿȥһģƺһöֲ
Ҷ֮ĿЩʯڲһöɫҶ״塣
ʵϣⲢʵֻǾؼĲϴ֮ӵеĲ
ҶϢıƽһöľʯʱڵ·ǲʲôһ㣬ٵӿЩΪ֮ˮ֮ͽ֮
ĳ⾧ʯΧȥƺҪΪԼһԱںҶڡ
ľ֮ˣ
Ҷ϶˵
ڵҵ˵ˡ
Ҳǿĵ˵
ҶʵԽǿ󣬶˵Ǿһ£ȫûлġ
ľ֮ôõʱ䣬ҵľֻ֮ҪҵʵȻͻͽʣµı֮֮Ϊ֮УΪصΪ֪þٸԪܹҵ
Ҷ̾˵
˰㣬ܹѾĸˣڸոյĵõͿʼ̰ǿ°
û˵
Ҷû˵Ŀʼռľ֮
ǺܿģҶɫȴʼ𽥱ֱ󣬸Ǳѿ쳣
ʱŰ˲ͼ֮УһıҲʼùŹ
ľ֮ģ
Ҷ૵˵
ǵģľ֮ɢĲȻ
꣬ôĲʮöľܸ֮ƨð
Ҷ̲ס
ֻǰֻܹܵʮö
Ҷһμȡõˮ֮ʱֻһö㹻ˣǵڶֵĻ֮ʱȴ˰ٱֽ֮֮ʱӵĿֲﵽһɽĳ̶ˡ
ľ֮ҪȥĻȻǿ֪ġ
ʮöľ֮£ҶĿԶûУεĲȥץ

ҶŬؿԼĺ
ӵԵĿӵ
Լֻǿһļ֮Уľ֮ټڶԷļ֮УҶҲûҵľ֮⡣
ˣܹ˾ʯ˵ѾһֺܴջˣǵҪռˡ
ҶЦ˵
ۻӶҶȥһﱦ뷨ûˣֱӵĽЩﳹ׵ռķŵŰ˲ͼ֮Уһ۵¶ûˡ
鰴ռ䣬ʱռѣҶȻ̤գ˽ȥ
ң
׵ˣ
ѩұ
Ϊѩ죬⼸տνǴĺܡ
ѩұʮĴУҪչԼѩұٴεķӵһµĳ̶ϣڣˣҾڣѩұȫĳԭ屶Ҫࡣ
ŴϵŮˣ֮УļȻϢ޷ȥĮӣ磬ɷ뵽˸ղŮԼǰʹϢ֮չֳľջ̬ʱѩٴεı
Ѹٵٴδܵ˴ϡ
ܿ죬һ޷ڸǵ߳ܽ˳
ŮǴһ֮ġ
ƺΪѩұʼѸٵıǣѩľҲĿʼı
ڵŮһҵĲͱ֮УѩŮӲȴֵӵ֮У֮󣬲Ĵ˳ۡ
˫Ŀ˿˿â޵Ůˣƺһشľ֮УĹâʼ˸
롭Ǹ̸̸ˣ
ռһƺһӰһš
񼡷ѩ˸񣬼ѩ
һλ޷ǷŮӡ
ʡġںһ֮Ѿﵽһ㹻κεһΪ֮ĳ̶ˡ
ӣ̬ѩС㣬˭
Ȼò˫Ǵʱѩ˵ĻȴԵ˾ȡ
࣬˵һǲǿɺ
ѩҧгݵ˵
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࣬ҿǱǸɺ޵СӸϴˣǺ˵ĻϾûлˣ
㿴һٴε뿪ˣ˭֪᲻ľˣ뿪Ļ̫˼ˡ
ѩӾͷ·ڹһֽһ㴿С
Ӻĺ
൥ظŸղ˵Ļǵѩһջ
ˣ㻹׼һһ˰
߻۵ʱҶҲ漴Ļصѩұ
ʱѩұ֮Уûκεһ˻᲻ʶҶˡ
ѩұĶˣһѩұԵ֮ǿߡ
ʵǿᣬԵһλ˲õǿߣӿܳΪδʦ
Ȼ˶Ҷע⡣
̫Ծ
Ҷ̤˲䣬һ˿ĸоʼ֡
ŵŵš
濪ʼ쳹
𶯵Ҷͷһɡ
ֻţħѾѾӵĿ˹ﲻϵؽе
Сӣ治˼һִ˶ٺö
еֹ뷨ķ£ҶûĿ񱼹ţħ˵
ʲôûõ
ûţħıӣҶ˫Ŀ漴ٴγܿһۣ֪ΪʲôҶһλع鵽ѩұ֮ǸоʲôطԾ
ӣʲô֣
Ҷ찵Եʵ
ߺߡ
ǲӵĺߺ˼
Ҷˣڻˣ
Ҷü˼ʱһЦȴ˳
ֻһˣڿ첽ĳ
Ϊ֮ˣѩұƿѩ졣
Ҷüͷϵ𣬲֪ΪʲôһΣоԽǿ
ԾԾԾָоܲԾ
ţħҶ֮ź΢ϵ
оҶ촫ѶϢ֮󣬶ʱҲʼţ𣬶ڵҲʼؾۼ


1513 
Ծ
ҶаԵ˼Ǹû˿ķ֣ȻаԵĽ䱸֮ǿʼܲϵȴûзӦ
Ҷˣôˣ
ѩұƿѩ¶һĨɫ̬ȹʵ
ûʲô
Ҷ΢΢ҡҡͷеָоѹ
Ŷ
ѩԵҲû⣬ܿ¶˷֮ɫĶҶ˵
Ҷˣĳ֣ѩұѩΪǰѩұɨһʱ򣬷һ˲õ䱦ѩһΣ˹һ¡
Ҷüͷ΢΢
Ŷ䱦
ãã֮У䱦޲ռȻ˵֮㲻ǿĵ򣬵ܵļУܶĶǴ֮õĹϼ塣
ȻղҲǺǿµġ
ЩղصرҶҲ΢΢һĨĶ
ð룡
Ȥ֮Ҷ漴֣˵
룡
ѩ漴쿪һֻ֣кҶ˵
ԴˣҶҲûȥƴǣǰȥ
ҶıӰѩ΢΢¶һĨЦ⡣
̬ƺΪĿġ
֪رǲǻᱻ֡
ţħţħδֹѩұ֮Уû˻뵽һֻħţҶĳǿµħ̥
һΡĴ֮С
ʱۼѩұλϡ
Ҷĳ֣λϼæĹĺȵ
Ҷˣ
ѩұܹڵ̶ȣûΪļΧ෴ǳΪų֮Уֿȵļ壬ԼĿʼ˰ӣΪҶĳɵġ
ȻλƿغͳǣҶǿɲһġ
Ҷ΢΢ĵ˵ͷ
һλɫƣοݵ̧Դ
˷ܵ˵
Ҷˣһεõر˹Ŀ
ֻУһöɢīɫһžϡ
ԼԴСֳһֲִڵӡ
ǿӿݵĺۼϸϸĿȥȴԷ֣ƺ֮棬ڰΧһ㵭ʹԭɫҲīɫġ
֮Ҷ΢΢һ
ʵͼʶȻ޷Է
ʲô
΢΢ĺ
ҶˣѰҵıɨǸʱ򣬷һ䱦֮Уǣ֮УȻֻһرΪһرԷȻķĻأ˺Ĺ󷨣Ϊˣʧһλϡ
˵ʱѩ̲ס¶һĨ˸С
Ȼһرļֲֵλϡ
Ҷ΢΢ĵ˵ͷ
Է˵ԵĲǼ֮ˣ
ѩ˵ͷ
Դ˵ļʶǷܹǺ
Ҷ¶һĨɣ
δֻԵ̲һаϢϢǹ죬޷Ȼ
Ҷ˵Ѿǰʩչһ˿עС
͡
ͬһöīɫʯͷļһƺǸоҶĳһ㣬Ȼһīɫ
һīɫĶһ㣬ţѸٵĽȥ
ž
ҶĶܿ죬ϴ˿˿İ
ҵɵģҪ˾ߣôף
˵䣬һֻֻ˵磬һɹϲϢѸٵ
ѷ
͡
˫˲˺˶Է
Ȼ˲֮УѾ˺˶ԷϵȫûиԷ˿ķᡣ
̡
֣ƺǸо˶ԷĿ£һɫ˲ͬնϵīɫСһ㣬ȫĲȥ˼ߵһɿĳڲȥ
չ
ֻһĴָϸҶ֮зĴܶƺǸоԼʧȥ˱̲һ㣬¡
ÿµа
Ҷ˵
ķ֮Ȼġ
̣
΢΢һҶӿһ׵Ϊޡ

ѩĸ̾
漴ٴε˵
λմҲΪմȾһ˿Żģ޷Ҷǿ󡭡
ƺǴһĪС
Ҷû˵ǽԼ֮ͷų
֮һصͬصڣ
͡
üâ˸Ҷ֮Ѹٵע뵽С

һЦȴڴʱݵҶĶߡ
֮Ҷɫ΢䣬һĸог֡
Ȼ֪оΪʲô֣ǸղŵֲԾĸоȴʼøǿо֮УҶȻĳ濪ʼˡ
䡭
ͻȻֻ濪ʼһĹϷĿʼ˳
ʱıȻʼΧסҶ
Ҷ΢΢һ漴ĿΧһˡ
תһ˿ȥ
ѩϴżɫҶЦ˵
ҶӦýҶɣ
Ҷ𽥵Ŀʼ
Ҷѩұֻһ֪˱ѩ
ѩ֪ĻеɾͲһˡ
ѩ졭Ҫʲô
ҶһֱоԾֻû뵽ֲԾȻѩϡ
ʲô
ѩıϿʼЩŹ
ûʲôֻҪѣ
Ҷû˵ǿΧԵγһԲӵķģ˵
СС󷨣ʹ㽫𣿡
ȻأȷʵҶҪסҶȴһ׵顣
ǰȷʵסģ㱳ǵĻǾͲһˣ
ҶһȻ뵽ǵϢ
ѹҶҲԷϢȫΪһֺ֮ϲΨһģ޴Ѱ
ǿħǿߣǰԼľѪȫע뵽Լһ׹棬ı˹עطٴεʮʱ䷽γɡ
һɣֻҪմȾһ㣬ᱻǿ䣬˵һѪⶼᱻǿеֱȫ
űǣҶʱŷ֣Եһͷ­ɵġ
뵽ҲԵĽ䱸
ǵͷ­λõİ׹ǲһġ
֮Ϊǿ׹κλϵİ׹Ƕͬ
һ۱ţħҶһ˿⣺
ͼѹס𣿵ƺǻһЩ
ڵ̫ӡȻᶯʱһͷ˳
оҶϵϢϵĸı䣬ѩɫ΢䣬ĶѾΧסҶλƿغͳǴĺ
󷨣ǣ
䣡
޴͵ķ
˲֮УһаµϢʼҶ


1514 ɱ
ͣ
ֲɫâΧҶߣĽҶ׵С
Ƿһ·Ⱥħ裬ٹҹУֻɺɫ۾ſŹĹϵĳֳ
䡭
󷨣׵ıˡ
һʱ䣬ҶʵˣȴҲӴаʼΧѹ
̡
аҶΧž
Ϊ⻤ԵʣҶͱЩаѹסˡ
ҪˣֻҪ㽫ԼʵϵԷϵҶ죬ѩﱣ֤һ᳷󷨵ġ
ҶΣѩ·Ǵѳɵ¶˿ĺ͵Цݡ
ǵģǵ⣬ΪҶ̫Ĵ⣬ΪԼľƣΪǵĴڣˣҪȥѹҶǿߵĻǾԵĲܵ顣
ܺãѩ죬ȷʵܺãҺǺ棬֮ƺûκεìܣΪʲôҪԣ
⣬Ҷʵĺ档
Ȼ֪ѩǷ֪Ҳ飬ǴһʼҶѾѩ콫ѩұΪųָ֮
ʱѩ췭ԵĲһǵѡ
ϾһõĻƱػҶķŭӭǵĽһ֮֡
ںҶĻǰһġ
ѩ˫ĿϴһֹŹֵı飬ֱŰԵ̰ռСȵȸӵĲ
ǰѩеӡ
ǰ˵Ƿǰ붼ģǵõôѩұڴ飬ˣˣЩ
˵ʱѩѾ÷
ȫĲ
֮ϵĳ֡
Ҫ֮ǿҪѩұʵıǰҪǿҵǣ˭Ҳ޷֤Ƿĳɳ˵ѩұĻڵŬʹƴˣұҪѰһµķʽѩұܹõĴȥ
˫ĿŷĹâʱѩѾȫûյֵȻ˷·Ǵ˼Ѫһ쳣
ˣĳҿϣȴ֪ǲԶĴȥģܻ뿪һգ˵ұٴεѰҵһµػѩұôڣ
Ҷüͷ
ʱţħѾԼ׼ˡ
ҺǺ棬Ѱҵµ˭
Ҷڣ̫ӡǷıŷµĲǱҶܺõڸ
ֻҪһ֮УͻᷢѣȻƿ󷨡
ܹ֤һĴڣ֮У֮⣬ʲôܹǿţ
һŵش˳
ļӰҶǰվѩǰ档
Ϊ׵һˣ֮дŵɫ·Ƿ´½һĿҶ죬һȵ֮Уӵıâ
棬Ŀ࣬¡ָĴֳһ͵ǿߡ
򡭡Ȼ׷𣿡
һ˵Ķ飬Ҷﻺؿ˵
ȴʼԴ
߸ˣʵҲֻǴ첻𾳵۷ѣҶ첻⣬̫һӡֹʥȵȵλǿߡ
ǶǴ̫žǿߣһһʽ֮䣬űѵصֶΡ
ʦһһϵرõĲǿȻֻһδĻᣬץҶ죬õĽԵĲ˵ġ
һЦ˵
һ𣬴һֽթ̬
촽Ľܱպϣһֿ̱ı֣ʱ΢Ц֮УҲעһٵı顣
ȻǶһرҲֻʣһδʱյĻᣬӵеȴһֻҪһúã򽫻ǵһϯ֮أǳɾΪ洫ĵҲǲܵˡ
Ϊ׵ٴε˵
ԭˡ
Ȼ˵Ĳ࣬ȴҲ㹻Ҷȥˡ
ܿıץסеĸݣϵı¶һĨӿѩ죺
ҵ¿ɽɣ
Ȼ֪ҶѾסˣڿҶǵȻЦԼ뵽ǿµֶ֮ѩ̲סĳź浹һ
Ҷʱſһıʡ
±ѹҵȹϼҲǿ˶١
ҲҶһΣˡ
ѩıΪ֮˲м˵
İɣ֮УǼһӲģοҸհԵĿԱ֤İȫĳڳʲôµģһΣΪ˴󹦣ǻúýģ
ѩ϶ʱ¶һĨ޷ڸǵļ֮ɫһ仰Ǽıӿʼøмͼ
λˣЯ
УԼĶ˶ˣ˵ֶΣǲ
һ̲סƲƲͣм˵
ѩһΡ
ǾڴʱҶüͷȴ΢˫ĿͫȻıһĨâ
̫һӵҲҪ𣿡
ǰ̫һӴǾҪˣˣȰ㻹ǲҪ鷳ĺá

֮û£һɾıȴ쳹˳
ʱĵ
һĻ
ãѹס
հԵĺȵ
һȭҶ˹ȥ
ȭ

һµѺۡ
հԵйͼҶ򵹣
֮ҫǧʥҳ
ҶȻıһʥҫϢ
ֲĹ֮ı䡣
һöһ޴ɫӰʼҶ˹ȥ
ɫɿ趯ͼҶѹȥ
ߡ
Ҷһ
һ޴ĹӰֳ
һֻʥӰչ֣ʥĹһ㣬ն
͡

ѣռ伤Ĵʼҡ
հԵɫһ䣬ȭҶϣȴһ׶ľϱ㱻һɿֲ
ûеȵӦһֻ޴ĺɫȴ
үү
ŰһɴݲеϢ
ţħӰ׳˼£·һŵĺɫ̫ħɽһ㣬ݺݵѹ
һֻţСɽӣɫħС
ۡ

áʲô
Ĳҽоʹ˳֡
ǸհԻûеȵӦţħţѾ̤Ϊࡣ
ƣ
ʧȥǵѹҶѹҲС˲٣ƿع֮ȻľΧа
飡
һֻ̤㣬аħ趯
һնȥ
͡
ݣ
¡¡
·ǿռ䱻һնһ㣬ֲĵȻĸնλϵ󷨳׵ĹѣҶӰ˸߲ʵһ㣬ħ߷
ħƽһѾ˵ѩӶȥ
Ҫ
һȴڴʱ쳹˳


1515 ƽ
֮дһְԹ޷ŵĲ
Ҷ磬еаħǿеնһλϵ
аħ˫ſµĵ˵ĵ⣬ν޵У޷ȥֿס
ѪɣҶ϶ѪΧϣϣѪϡ
ֻ£ЩѪδֵסҶĳ֡
ˣ
ٴεĻ裬Ҷ첻Ϊ
ֱӵĳ֣ѩնȥ

֣һӰѾҶǰѩǰ档
͡
ĳסǿµĵȴڷż·һһ㣬ΪԼѶоޱȷŭ
񡢼ѩݽģ͹µĽԵøˡ
˲ѩ˭
ʱѩϴžɫ֮£˸ŲϵźʼԭĺģְԹӣʼ̲סһҪȥĳ嶯
ЩȴûжҶ̫ϰ˫Ŀ磬ݺ֮Уµɺɫâڲϵš
㣬ŹҵĸװɣǧŹɣ㣡
֮˸ŰԹͿͰӣ㹻ȥڻӲĽʯ
Ҷ˫Ŀͷűĺâһ˿ĮĻߣ
ѩһǿ󰡣Ϊ˵õĶΪԼļӵǿΪ˱֤ԼȨƣȻǰŸǴЩϰ֮Ǻžѡңܺãܺðѩ죬ôֱʣô
Ҷ·һĴ̴ѩģĽմʱһƬĲҰףڲ
ǵģӵģ
ѩʲôֻ֪սϢ֮Źģȴû뵽ǾȻԼĸ׺Ҷ֮ս
ÿɣ
ѩ
ʱ֮УȻһּᶨ·ѩٴε뵽ʲôһ㣬˫Ŀ֮УȻûһ˿Ļںޣ෴𽥵Ŀʼ÷
ף㲻Ķְ
ÿ
ѩһƽѩƵһ࣬ĶҶЦ˵
Ҷ죬ѩұĶˣǣѩҲڣΪҵļ壬ΪѩұһǵڴԸûκεĴĶԣұҪеΣҾˣҲὫʱĻѩұĿԻøеĽѩұӴҲӵǿ
Ҷüͷ
ǼҪȴԵûмôҪġ
ⲻҪ޳֮˵֮Уһһ񰡣
ѩĻ֮УϢԵޱȵĽһ
Ҷһ˿ĮЦݣ
ѩ죬Ƥܹһ㲻
ѩϼĺ
Ҷ죬㶮ʲôʲô㲻һķչǶôϿͼ࣬Ӳڱһǿһôֲ飬ѩұǿڱ˭˵˷ĺԣûдûС

ҶһȭѩĶӡ
ֱӴһ޳ܵۡ
һҶǷ֣ԷԼնɱЩϼƿǣӵ޳ܡ
Ȼ޵У
顭
ٴεĳ֣аħǰȥǻڲ֮еѩֱӴĻ
ȴûжõֻаħĵײѩĵ֮С
㡭㾹Ȼҵĵ
ѩ֮Уһ޷ŵ
ҶֱǱɱҪпᡣ
ѵĵǾʹⱲ޷ˡ
ѰˣҲѰҩµȥԼĵҶȴûκεҩȥµ޸õУȴҲԵĲѩ̶ȵ˿ȥõġ
ȻҺɱ㣬ǡ˵ɱ㣬絽㿴һϷ
Ҷ֮Уһ˿ͷ
ųԼΧѩұǣѪĻߡ
ԼЩˣǵͷȴǺһҪɱԼǷ̰
ס
ѩĽ
ҶӰ˸ѩڵ˵ϡ
ѩסѩ˲䣬ΧȴѾ˿ֲĸı䡣
Ѫ˫
ɣ
һλѩұĺ
ħĵħǵа֮ˣ
˴Ҷ졣
͡
Ҷûзϻ֮ˣǲġ
ѩԼûɱѾǺܸӵˡ
ȭ
һλָսһ磬ȭ֮УȻ˿˿û֮ӲѪͳȭȴԲ˿˿ʵһ˲õļһ
ȻҲֻαûʵϢ
ѩұһλżǿߣһֱܵࡣ
ҶǱķ·һλɱ
ָȻĳ֡
䣡
޴˺ѳΪޣָ·Ǹצһ㣬ס˶Էȭͷ
꣡
˿û˿ӣٴε˶Էȭͷ

һ߳ųһţ͵ĽԷĵ飡

Լ˱նɱżﱻնɱ֮ѩ֮пʼĺ
ЩɶԼ巢չǰᰡûǣԼļ̸׼ķչȥ൱ѵġ
ѩ죬ⲻϣ𣿡
飡
ţħŭ
裡
˵ħţŭ·һ˺ѵѸٵӵܣɨӰȻıѱƣ⡣
Ҷ졭㲻Ҫ⣬ĳǾ·ˣһΣǼԦŹϵ֣ˣ
һλĵһԹ˵

һֻţֱӵĲԴһֻӻع䵽һࡣ
ôķϻ
ţħм˵
ĿҶ죬ţħ֮ȴɫ
ô죿ӦŴֻҪǱͳȥһжԵúܼˣȻƻ뿪ǣ
룬Ҷ죬룡
ѩ﷢ԹĿЦ˫Ŀ·ǶһĿҶ죺
ԵĲʲôˣѾǽеĴ׵˺ѵˣҪ޸ҲҪʮʱ䣬ʮꡭǵȲ˵ģ
ݣ֣ȵģүǵĶˣ޳ܰ
ţħ˻ԼţӾҪѾġ
ûµģ
Ҷ쵭˵
ǻᰲȻ뿪ġ
ѩ죬Ҷ쵭˵
ѩ죬ǲɱģһΣһ֪ʲôԸ㲻Ƕ𣿺ܺãҼȻѩұɳͿ׵˥䣡
˵䣬ƻӶһĺӰ˸Ȼֳʮ
ֻת˲ǲʱˣѾˣȴı
㡭㾹Ȼ˵ĺݶ
ѩ̲סĺһѪٴεЩ䱦ѩȻãѩұղһ֮ѻİ
˴˱˴ˣ
ҶЦʱһɿֲϢش֮ͷ˳оϢҶ΢΢һ˿˿⣺
ڵˣ


1516 ս
ãã֮У϶µϢڻת·Ǹ֮޷ĵķһ㣬ֹš
Ӵ
ޱ
֮䣬涼ʼ³ʮףѹ
ѹƵĶ󣬱֮
ããǿ֮ϣ޴ĺɫսȻƯ档
ɫĴ棬Źϵͼڡ
ֲϢ֮򣬶ΪֲǣֱӵĿʼųȥ
һʱ䣬ų֮ʼ
ʲô
̫ŵħɽһ㣬ѹƵĴϢã⻹ǿ˾ʮ׵ĳ̶ȣ˵һ³־˵ѹð˸ѹΪ촷۲ɡ
ÿµƣʲô
ϵսڹϵʱڣ֮Удǿ߼ԦŹϵսߣս֮кɵģЩﶼЩս֡
𡭡
һ֮ݳ
һɫӰΧһ޴ĺɫս֮ϣŭǳ
֮Уվݣ·İһ㡣
һԿµѾسһλ˹ȥ
һսףߴͣкɫâڲϵ˸ſ¶Ϣ
·һλڴԼѶϢһ㣬һۿȥ˲
ս֮ϣһˣվսװϣΪ׵ļλֱ̫һӡֹʥԼλϵĻʯϹＶǿߡ
ϢǱ˵ϢȽ϶ԣ̫ˣ
̫һӲм˵
ߣΪħ̥ϷԲᶯ⴫µĹսģֹʥϢõãûøϷ򲹳
һλʯ˫Ŀ·µһ㣬ൽףķһ˵
ֹʥ˫Ŀ˿˿â⼸ʯϹĳвɵһЦȴǿеİסеŭ𣬻ؿ˵
ֻҪҵǸСӣȻõԼҪģ
ǴŵʵֻдŲŻԵʱ
֮ô󣬵ȴŹ۲;ḻ֮ˣܿսҲж˳
ÿ°ʲôŵʵսֹϵսҲֻǴ˵вŻֵģζû뵽Ȼİ飬鰡
ٵ˷׷׵ĸ̾
ߡ
ֹʥһ
ç֮ȻСط
һЦ˵
ۣݣֳһУ棬·һɺѪڻһ㡣
һһλ洫ǿߣʵǿΪ֮࣬ҲֹʥĵӣΪڵĵӣĶֹܵʥͣһβŻһ֡
ɴ⣬Ȼ˵Сǣȴо˵µĺۼǹϵǿϢĳҲԻ͹ģ
ֹʥһĶԼĵӻĿ˵
ǡʦѵӽǣ
оֹʥӣֲƣһʱ䣬˵̲סһ漴Ĺ˵

˵ģ˵Ŀ⿪ʼһλڰգ˫Ŀյ߿ȥ
һɹϲãϢϵļͬƤһ㣬׷ҲֻȵļȻȥһȴսڷɿǰ
ΪڸǶ˭ҲὫΪһ߻ŵ·µĹʬһ㣡
͡
һĦ֣˫Ŀ
һب˫ĿһۿȥԷıԵ·һ̶žһ㣬ڴ˵Ŀȥȴ·ǿ޾ѪͰ׹Ƕѻ֮ӿȥ˲
µâϣͬղƣ
ҵˣ
ߵﻺؿ˵
ֹʥ̫һӵ϶ʱһҲ漴¶һĨɫ˦ϵ緢ȥ
ߣ
̫һӵѪϢǸзĺ
Ҷ죬һΣ˭Ҳ޷֤İȫˣ
һɿֲ˲ͬѹһ㣬ٵųǵϿա
׵ڣ̫žϢ·بŵһ㣬Գ޷̬չֵ˼ޡ
Ҷ˫Ŀ۾˿ֲìһ㣬棬˿˿⣺
ڵ𣿡
ţħϵţڵĴţ
ӿǺ鷳ˡ
սɢϢţħ첻µز£ȴҲڷֹ
ɲģʵȻ£ڵʱ䣬޷ɳʱڣȻҲ޷ӳԭʵ
һһĻţħţԼҶ֣ȻĿԴ̫һ㾳ǿ룬ս֪һγ˶ٵǿߣȻ鷳ĺܰ
İɡظҵߣ
Ҷﵭ˵֮Уһţǿš
а취
ţħ˫ĿһץסҶ컰֮еݡ
ߡǰûУڣҪץסңƺ൱Ѱ
Ҷ˿˿⣬ؿ˵
䡭
һɿֲȻĴ˲ģսѾȫĵִ


1517 ɱ
ʲô
ţħ̲סʵ
Ҷ΢΢һЦ漴ĽԼѶϢ
ҡոȥʱգ㾹Ȼ㱦Ϊʲôã
뵽Լڴʱĥѣţħǽһŭ
Ҷε̯ƣ
û취ûҵʯҲûа취ӵ̸ϲٿˣ
ӵĻֻҪţүүߣǾͿʱ뿪ˣļǰүһǣ
ţħʵǿֲڵȻûа취ȥ̫һǿ߶Կȴɱߵ˻ǿԵģţħڵĳ̶ȣȴһֵ鷳Ǽ򵥵顣
ҲǼɵ޷뿪ŵģڲһˡ
˫ĿҺɫսţħ˫Ŀʼ⣬ǶʼоЩһޱȵĿɰˡ
ˡ
Ҷ˫Ŀ˿˿ĺâ
һΣ˾ʯԵĿȥʩչʵֻҪȫĿԲȺһˡ

һλʯǿߣ˵
һָ·ǴʱգҶǰ
ˣ
ֲĴ
̫žǿߣǿǿһȻûĺҶսȡᣬͶ֮䶼ͷų޵ܡ
ߡ
ҶһϵƷıŷһʱֱӵ˺ķǿա
һ޴Ӱس˳
ս
ֳ־޴սǹ
Ҷ˫Ŀ𣬺â˸
ʱƶʱı
һʱ䣬ųǶʼһصΧ
еǿǣ޷ֿȼƣ˲ʱķ·Ǳһµ̫ɽѹסһ㣬ʼü
оǿ£ͷ·Լĺʼܵơ
ǿ̲סĹ˵ϡ
ϵ־ؼؿ
Ȼ˭Ҳ󣬸ӵĲȥڵϣȴòȥڵϣȥĤݣǱѹơ
ǿߵ𣿡
ÿµƣ
˭ǵǿ
ųǵǿз߷ߺ
ǲʵ΢֮ˣѾʼѪء
ʦҴɱСӣ
ֳ־еӣһâĶ棬ֹʥĵӡ
ŵһйڵϵǿ¶˲мɫ
ϣ
ȫϣ
Щˣһ̫žĶûС
Ϊֹʥµ̳һλǿߣ֮Ҳ洫ĵӣʵڴ̫žһ۷徳硣
ʱ̵ĶͻƵΪ
˵ΪĪǴ˵֮ͣͬУҵĵزȻҲĸ
ֱӵĶսϵһл˱ǣ˶ˣȥΪСӣѰҵĻǲúķѶٵ
̫һӲնɱǿߵ֮дſµ
Ȼһ̶ҲΪҶ콫ԼӴʧˣһԷһ֣ǶҶˣȻ̫һӵУҶԹ޴ﵽһ޷йĵز
ɣ
һλʯ˫Ŀ
ųǲôļ򵥣ҸоˣǿĴܺۼȻдǿڴ˵ĻĻ˵ûǵνս˵һ£
̫һû˵֮еԹâȴʼøӿֲ
һΣǴ洫ĵӲ̫žĵͼҲֻܶ࣬ҪǺƿأСĵӦնɱҶ֣Ҫ꣬Ķ˿Ĳ⣬ۣȥȥնɱСӣǻѹģһΣûг֣ҩʺͺҹûеҵҪСӻʲôֶΣ֮ǿѹսѹС־߱ϣҲûа취ģ
ֹʥһԹ˵
뵽ԼһδεıҶѹƣԼĶһնɱˣץ
ֹʥһ壬Ҳǹϵ壬֮Ук鷳ǴкѪϡ٣Ѫϡ׳ԼΨһĺһնɱˣȻ˼¡
İɣʦСӡˣ
˵
͡
ʮӰĳ½½ٶȷɿ죬ȴû˿⣬ĿֻһҶ죡
ߡ
ҶһӰȻ˸ѩǸӵ֮УѸٵĿʼʧ
ȻѩޱȵԹޣڵȴҪѩұʹѩˣûжеġ
ž
ȻģһµĺɫȻһĲƵҶϡ
žĵϢ·ħһ㡣
Ҷ죬ѩұѩұвƸȫĴߣǲ뿪ģЩĵǣһնɱ㣡
Ҷ˫Ŀɺ죬һʼŷ
һﻹǲֵ֪ġ
εİѩұʱˡѩڵȻ˵ķΪԴӶõĺô֪ܵˣȻǵҶĵɱ⿪ʼȻı

һâһȻĴ̶
ٶȷɿ졣

ѩ
Ҷ첻Ϊ
ʱѩ춼ҪɱˣԲҶȴûֵȴŶԷƵԡ
ͣ
âģ˲ѩü֮ѾһĴָСѪ
ҡҡ
ѩһϵ˲ʧⱾʩչһʱӵûάԼơ
˫Ŀɢ䣬ѩƺǸоˣԼһǾһζôºͱѡҶǿԼȻȥͶԷŴεսơݺԷ
ڣޱߵĺڡ
һжˡ
ף
ŷĽҶӰ˸ʧҲоˣԼıһ֮УԹĲ
Թ𣿡
ҶЦ˵
͡
ţħҶ쿴֮ϣڳԼ׷ĵӣٿʮ֮ϵЩս
ϣȻıŷ˵âɫâ
𡭡
һĪĺ֮УʱĿռ˿˿Ľâӵʢ
һ޴Ľɫ񹭻ĳС
£
ƽչ
ƽʥ
Ȼںһ
һλ洫ĵӣڷ׷ѰҶ죬ۿžҪԼֵķΧˣǾʱһɿֲ֮·Ǵдݳһ㣬ȻĴݵԼϣ

ĸо׹߰£
͡
·һڿռ˺ѡ

ʱиоʧˣֻǿһɫâѾߡ

һĲҽѾ׵˺ѡ


1518 
Ѫɽ
ҶĻƽչͻƽʥǿµҶ֮֮󣬸ӵĿʼ˫
һεĳ֣ȴ׷ɱ洫ǣʼо˾ޱȡ
һɱһλ洫ĵӣȻ˸о˴ʱҶĿֲͷǷ

Ц֮ݳ
ķ·һ㣬ݵų֮С
Ǻ֮
оֲĿЦе֮ǿǣ׷׸оеĿֲ
ÿµļһ˾Ȼ˵ķ
˵ֶΣǿǶ֣ǰŴ̫žǿߣƽĿֲǿ߰ǿߣԷԴЦһﻹǿ°
ǰˣͨȴѾ֮Ҳֻʱѣ

˵뷨һµģ
ɱ
һλ洫ĵӣȻһԾ𣬴ܵҶǰ
һ֡
һµĴӡ
ͼڣ̹˸趯磬·ǿԽضն顣
ˣ
һ޴Ӱıֳ
˲洫ĵӣʩչͨȻ˲뵽ԼĻ֮С
ʮ
Ҷ˫Ŀͫ˼£·һ㡣
ƻӶһµȥ
ӡȭ
죡
𣡣
ֲĵͷų޾ĵơ
߽һ޼᲻ݣ
ϣ
䣡
ֲײ֮УȻ˿µı
͡
Ҷ˫趯ƽչٴεĳ֡
һì㳤̵Ļƽʥ档
ˣ
㲨ͷ·Ŀռ䶼ʼһ
˵ٶȷɿ쵹ˣɫ䡣
ٶλ洫֮Ҳǳġ
Ҳ˵һҶǰ
͡
ƽǿʼգһĲ
ʱ䣬ҶҲŵģڼ䣬ĿɲֻԼơ
ƽչͻƽʥ棬ſµܣҶԭĳ̶ȣҲǷӳɵڼ䣬ǲϵغ໥ںϡ
ͻƵ˴첻Ϊ֮Ŀʼӳ
ÿµһӵŶٵı˵ıＴҲûм
̫һӵ¶һĨɫ˫Ŀ֮У˸̰Ĺâ
һļֵħ̥СǸӵǿ󣬴첻𾳵ΪӲĿסҵĽǻзСϣ֪ܣõնɱ꣡
ֹʥ˫Ŀ˿˿â˵
ǿµܣǵõϵܣǾͿǳɾΪǿĴڣҩʺͺҹȼĴڣ޷κǣ򽫻ǵƿ֮У
̫һ˷ܵ˵
ȷʵˣ
λʯǿ߷׷׵ĵͷ˵
񣡻ۣ
Ҷ˫ֻͨһӰ֡
õϵرԴ֮󣬴еõ˺ܶؼ
ʱУҲûţӿʼ֪Լ̫һӵ˵սһεʱó
֮ӡ
һֿµĹֶΡ
ԿµۣٴεĹעڵ֮ӡתʽ
ӰȫںϣѸٵҶ˫۳Ϊһöӡǡ
֮ӡ
ԵӰΪǰᣬʩչ໥ںϣȻ޷ġ
ɣ
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̫һͻȻü˵
Լඥһָû뵽Ȼô࣬ڵҶĶ֣ȻҺҶˣ
һ˿ֹʥϡ
ҶȻҲо˶ԷɢǱѰ
ڵȴںǿսԼֹʥ˵֮µʱ˵ʵ̫ĹؼҪˣõĶǳ޷󵽵ġ
Ȼһ
һ⡣
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ô᣿
û뵽ҶٶȾȻôѸ١
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޴ݺݵײĵ֮ϣ˿ֲ𶯣˾˵ʵоƷ顣
Ҵһɿµ׵粨ϻۡ
ǻûеȵӦҶ˫ȴƿһöµӡǳݺݵ𶯹ȥ
֮ӡ
ۡ
Ѫ˾㵵У屻ݺݵش˳ȥ
á
ֹʥĺ
˭Ҳû뵽ҶٶȾȻôѸ١
͡
Ѫ֮УеĳȻնϡ
Ħſռڲ㣬ݺݵؽԼֹס
ϴһ˿ʹı飬һҶ죬ϵϵͷ˳

Ҷһֻץһλ洫ӵ˫ĿȴһֱϿš
оĳһһ˵Ϊǿһʵ£ϵķӵĿֲ
Ȼֻ³һѪ
ı֣ҶаԵľ

ﲻϵĴϢţϵı𽥵Ŀʼøӿº
㾹Ȼң
ԹޱȵĲ
Ǹ֮߰ˣı˵ĶԴ
Ҷ쿴Լֱۣ治֪ʱȻ˺һۼ
Ҳ
Ҷÿɷ˵
ܺãСӣɹĽҸ׵ļŭˣ
ԼĳУһѪС
ȻǸղŽҶ컮һۼµġ
Ҷ쿴ţħʱţħڿŰһ洫ĵӣٳ˭Ҳ鷳
ϵѪţſֲѹؽԼĳзǰͷѪ
һ˿˿ŹֵϢʼΧʼ֡
𡭡
ŭ֮
ʱһ޴Ļ֮ϡ
һֲѪħޣӺ̰żƣǸӿֲǶԷϵƾȻҶƽġ
Сӣˣ
ҶѪһ˿˿ɺ컺شͷų
𣿡
Ҷ쵭˵
Ӱ΢
ʱһĲʼĳ֡
ߣСˣԵû˿Ծ
ֹʥϴŷɫ˵
ѰɣѪУ
طƽԼľУĺ
䡭
һѪȻڴʱıͬһ޴Ѫɫһ㣬֮У衭


1519 ֹʥ
֮ϣ
ƷǷ
ųǴʱһɾѹ
еǿߣ֮ǿǶʼ볯￴˹
ϴžɫ
һ޴Ѫɫ·ǻŵʵһ㣬֮зʩչԼΪǿ޾ĵش˵
ʹʼܣ·ǱһȭУ޷
£
˵гֵ뷨
ʱ·ǾԼڲصǾ޴ľиӵķޱ
һˣ
ű׵ΧסҶ죬˵̲ס뷨
뷨֣иоΪȷġ
Ҷڣͷ·Ǿ֮еСһ㣬ȻķĽȴǻᱻ˸
ӭĽԶĳ١
Ҷȴ˿˿⡣

ŭ֮ըװһ˲䡣
Ҷȴʼ
͡
֮дһҵĦ
Ħ£糾Ŀ񱩣վսϵļλǿ߶ʼ̲סü
ߣСӣЩֶΣҵĵӣɲССϿȥԿģ𾳺̫žϺĲ࣬εܹƣ
ֹʥ˵֮дһɵš
һ̣˫ĿȴȻͫҵţ·ǿԼ޷󵽵һ㡣
ֻҶ쾹ȻȫĶҶĽ
ֻǶˣĦĽʼǰ
ֹʥСҶ졣
С߲
߲ǹϵĴǿߣԴ׷ǳľѧ
ȻֻһֲȴҲһ־Ǿôʱ֮ҶԡԪмӳ֣ٴεϿռ֮ļЧٶȿĿ˷ָ
ݣ
𴩴һ㡣
ֻǸоԼǰһһ̣ҶȴѾǰ
ףǸоһɴӶйĿѹ

ɣ
һ˿еϢ
֮
üͷ˲û뵽˶Էϡ
ǿľѧֹʥǿߣ״εԶУο
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аħ֣
ʮţ䣬ʮıŷ
һؾ޴ĺˡ
ͣ
ѪɣǾ㵵֮УֱӵıնϳΪء

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аħٴεĳ֣ҶоֹʥǿƣȻ֪һѾҪˣ漴Ŀٵʩչͨתаħ˵ħն
ң
ֹʥŭһ廯˲񣬳Ҷȥ
һֻֻӶʱԲʮԪ·ܵԼߵƿأѸٵıȡġ
˾˵֮Ҷ춼оǿѹ
ߡ
ŶԷѹҶƿٵĻӶʱڻָȴû뵽Ҷƾͷ·ǶħĹһ㣬Ѹٵİͷ­֮ϡ
һǿ֮Ȼı³

޷ʥӤʥԡ
ǿƥݲκεһȥֿ
˲֮䣬Ѿǿеȥ

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걻ɣһλǿĴ첻ǿߣʱѾڶݵĽ֮Уˣ
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һìɢҫĿռ䣬˳ƵҶǰ棬Ҷ
ǹٶȺ̬ȴ·ħָһ㣬Ŀ꾹ȻҶͷǹǡ
͡
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Ҷע⵽ܣ߲۲ϣתΣȻԼٶȡ
ˡ
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Щ洫ĵӣҶɱ֮󣬱Ѿʼˣӵ޷ֿסţħĽ
ˡ
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һԹ۾֮Уʱŭڷȼţ޾ŷѹš
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͡
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٣ȴ·Ǻּһ㣬һһɽѹƵǸʮ׵ľ룬ȴǣоԼʼ
仰ںܾúܾǰ͸˵˰ɣ
ҶͶ˵
ӣ̬εȵĽεȵĲм

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ֹʥǸоԼķζҪըˡ
ԼĶ˶ԷԼĵҲǱҶ쵱Լնɱġ
ôǴԹĴ
찡ôۻ˻Ƕˡ첻𾳵СԺ̫žǿ߽а壿
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֮ϣֹʥҶǵɵӣʱĸӵķŭŭҪˡ
ȥɣ
һ޴ɫì֡
ìǸղţȥһì
ǴʱƿƣȴղҪǿ
ֲֶԼľѧʩչ˲ʱѾ˷ԲķΧìӰӣʹ֮ڵκﶼ޷뿪
֣
Ҷ쵭˵
ţħĥԼţɭɭЦ
ԣ£ţүүҪϣӡţүүеıǣ֤һ£Сӣү

ţħֹʥҪըˡ
λĵǣվ棬ʱ̵Ľ䱸Ҷţħ
ʱսǿҲʼҶ졣
֪һεҶǾԵ޷ˣȴСĵĺܡ
ΪԷһǽ
䣡
һֻ֣·Ǹ˲һ㣬Ȼĳ֣һֻ֣޴ޱȣأ޾ɫìӰӣɿѹ
رѣʧɫɽΪ֮λ濪ʼ
һ̣ǿ֣߳


1520 һֱֻۣ
ϣ
ҶУһ޴ǻƽʥ
һֻǲϵ㣬ʩչֲİӡȭ
һһȭ
Ϣת
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ǿı֮
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ԲǧķΧԪʼߵ֮ϡ
ֻǳεĽ֣ȴѾǿմ̼Ŀʼ
֮еˣ̲סĵһ޷侹Ȼ˿ɲս;ѧ
ѩұ֮С
ѩϴžɫǺܿ⾪һ޷ڸǵĳˡ
ԼߣѾȴʬ壬ۣ޷ڸסޣٴεĿ֮ϵҶ죬ӵ𽥵ı
ںޣ޵ĺ⣡
ϣʼһɺɫذΧһı仯Ϊɫ
ֻЩ仯ûбκεһ˷֡
ѩұ̫Сˡ
ǿԱȣСûߡ
еˣע⵽Ҳֻ֮ϵһս
µս
ۡ
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Բﱻڱ
ֲѹҶ춼ʼоԼĺʼüϵĶ΢΢һɬ
е趯Ҳû

ţħţӣ·ǿħӡһ㣬Ӵ˳
ϣ
䣡
ʱֹʥƺ뵽Ҷ߻һµħ̥
ţħҶҲ಻˶٣ھϸڴ̫žĵزսȴӵǿĳ֣ȻҲΪҶȡĪĻᡣ
͡
߲ٵתһš
˲ʧԭĵط
һֻҲݺݵץʮռ䡣
ֲʼ֣Ҷޱߵĵط
ү
ţħҲˣֲоԼţӶʼӴţɿĵˣǳ֮Ϊɡ

ҶţħٵĴϢţ¶˾ȵɫ
ҶţħҲûкֹʥֹһΣһƺûô¡
һһҲûжȫǲ֪Ļ쵰Ƕ˼ɵ
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ĿԼֱ棬һغۼ˳ǱԷ˵ġ
ֹ֮ʥĿҶ죬ƺǶҶղŵıΪĲ⣺
ڵ˵ѾѵˣȴҶԿһҲˣ˭ҲȲ㣬֪ڲɱ㣬ҪΪҵūӡΪūԶڻں֮жȹ
ȻƺǷƵһ㣬⻰֮еȴ˲
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̫һε˵
ӱնɱӱնɱȻҪúõķйһˣйˣСҲˣ
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ǰйһҲãС̫ˣһֱչȥƿأ˵ûˣڣȴ޷ֹʥԿһ˿ʤĿܶеģ
˵ĶԻĻԵĻʧɫģߵĴս֮УֹʥȻֻ棬˿û档
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췢ɱޣطɱ½˷ɱط
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һָ֮ȻһֺڶЧеʼٵеıڲ㶼ǿеƻһ޷޸ĵز
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͡
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Ҷ첻ϵرصĻÿһεĻ򣬶ֲı˺ѵѪʼʳ
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͡
Ҷֱһ˺ֹʥȻ㽫Ҷһֱֻ˺ѡ
͡
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𡭡
𣡣
Х
ֱȻչŷ
֮Уۻɷʥͷ˳
ս
Ҷ¹
͡

һĲҽ֮УֹʥһֱֻۣȻҶ졭
˺ˣ


1521 Ҫӡ˭Ҳס

Ĳҽͷ·Ƕħܵ˹֮ʴ;һ㣬˵Ŀĵ׿ʼĲݵĺԶ
һʱ䣬ǿնڿʼ
ȴûκεһ˿ʼ˵
Ǵʱ˵˼ѾʼóĬ
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Ҷ쾹Ȼʼˣڷˡ

һ˲֮䣬ҶȻޱȵ˷ܺͼȴûбʤͷԡ
Լʵֹʥ˵ֱһֻϣһֻ϶Ҫ΢Ĵڡ
ԼʵͶԷȣ֮޷սʤ
ԼǿᣬΪһˣԼ˵

Ȼץס˶ԷһֱֻۣҶٴεĻӶԼȭͷֽŲá
˫Ⱦͷ·װըҩһ㣬Ȼը
䡭
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
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һȭ̲ſֲֹʥĴɳȥʮ׵ľ룡

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ǣҪ
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͡
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ڵҶȴûˡ
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ˣ
һ𶯴
ҶȻĴܳһɿµ
ܣ޼̫
һö̫ӡѸٵıŷ˿µ֮֮͸֮໥Ĵ߶໥Ĳ䣬Ȼ˲䣬Է⣬Ȼıŷȥ
ĺѸͣĺǹ죬ֹʥû뵽ζûп뵽Ҷ쾹Ȼ㱾¡
䡭
ֹʥղŵҪʮķ֮˲ıֹʥĳź浹ס
衭
һţţħڵؼʱ̳ˡ

ֹʥŭȵٴεĴ֡
ߡ
Ҷĺߵ
ϴ˿˿ɷ
ֹʥҪӣûסҲܣ
ֹʥᣬٴεסҶ壬Ц˵
ҵҪεӣ
ôסˡְɣ
ţħϴԾԾԵı黺ؿ˵
֣
Ҷһ˿Ļߡ
á
Ǽλʯĺȵ
ֹʥǸо˲Ծ
͡
Ӱķ裬Ѹٵĳ֡
ֹʥҵҪһΣεֹң
䣡
޴УһɫĹâɿĿ


1522 ʯ䣿
ɫ
ɫâʼһƬռ䣬·һĹԣ̲סĿʼ˫Ŀȴûд۵ĸоֻ̲סΪ֮һĲ
ʲô
â˸ٵ˿ʼв
ԣǱ
ֹʥ˵
̫һӵ˵屻ǿеֹ޷Уǿɫâһĳ̶ϣҲǱǣδ֪ǿ̫һӵʵҲ̲סĻֺġ
ģŪ飡
һʯ̲ס˫Ŀ˿˿ĺâ˵
ɴ⣬С֣թĺܣ˵ãһֹƣһĽ뵽磬˵ãᱻǿе谭סģһҪСĵȥӦСģ
ҲŲֻзϷҪһߵħ̥֣֮
ռݣ
һֻµӡչ˳
֣֮ȡǳ֮˵ԹϵǳתںϺһžѧ
һһʽ޲̲˿˿ǳ֮ӴǳǿͿֲʩչ֮󣬿˲һȺƵĸо
¡¡
Բʮ׵ķΧʱĿʼ
һĿռ֮Уһɾ˵ķ籩籩ķ໥ںϣ໥ų⣬һֶɳ󵽵ľ
Ҳԣ
һλʯ˫΢·ƿһʱ֮ϣٴεĳ˵
˺ѣŵµķɡ
ż֮
ŶԷľŵģֹʥ̫һ̲סĵһ
ż֮֮гĿؼ
̲صҲֻĽɹ֮󣬲Ż˽⵽
ֹʥ̫һӵλȻҲǿȥģȴ޲Ĺ֮ʧˡ
ڼľż֮еҲǿ֪ġ
䡭
ʯĳ֣νƺƴǵʩչʱɫĹâ·ܵ˳һ㣬ȻɢڻС
һһУĳֱصߣӦѾߵĽ֮󣬿ʼ˥
ֹʥľḻܿı뵽һȽϿ׵뷨
á
ڴʱ⿿һΪ̫һȴĺ漴ķ·һֻӰһٴεĺȵ
ܣ
ֹʥһǼˣ޲ǿ֮ȻѸٵıжϡ
䡭
һɿֲ𶯾ʹ˵Ĵ
˲֮У𶯵Ĳɢϡ
˳Ƶɢһּ¡
ˣ
̫һӡֹʥλʯı
͡
֡
ɫĹâ漴ȥǵǰ֮һ̣еˣȴʼ¶һ޷ŵĸо
ôʲô
Ψһ뷨
һ޴ɫ֮
ɫ֮޴ƥء
·һɽһϣһԲֳ̣ɫĹâ
â˸иĲ£Ĺ⻪ϵʩչпĿһʥſϢ·ߡ
Щ·ֹʥ˶޷еİ
ʲô
ֹʥٴεĳ֣֮ȴһ𺳺޷š
ʵ̫Ĺˡ
⵽ʲô
ǱĹâϣԸоһǿĶֲϢת
֮ڲ
⡭Ҳ̫ˣ
ţħ·ûһ㣬Ľе
Ҳֻ۾һѣҶ
һ޴Ĺ
ҽ൱ӻ԰ң޲Ǿ߱š
Ȼ˵Ҷڱǲϵؽ֮У֪ȴҲû뵽Ȼﵽһ˾˵ĵز
ֱһƶ˫
Ҷ΢΢һȻղҲʧ񣬵ȴֹ֪ʥһȺˣֵģȻزҴˡ
Ҫȥȫļ
ҲȥҲȥٺٺ٣֮󣬲֪ܹӵʲôز
ţħȺһȷʵʮˣȻǱ˴֮ǴԵԼĻǼǷκεһҲо˿ĵġ
ҶӰ΢΢һ
ȻǵһεҶϾѾһ޴˵һУڽ뵽֮Ҳ֮˽⵽ˡ
Ӱ˸˴ţħ˲ƵһС͵Ĵ֮С
Լƽ׵ĵز
иװ֮ͰһţûǰЩ˸ϵķģҶ쵹ǻоһг
ѾģһܵĻ
Ҷ΢΢ĸ̾ĳǰķĿȥ
İΧһԲεĽᾧ֮
ŸӵӡǺ͸صĻߡ
һֹ϶صϢϵؿʼͷš
Ҷ΢ʱһâ֣ͶӰ˶棬ֳӰ
ЩӰΧĻ

һӰ֮Ҷﻺ˵
ʱֹʥ˵ӿʼ֡
Ҷ΢΢һһööľʯٵıһķ֣ĻΪʼС
СӿǺˣ
Ҷ˵
Ⱥ쵰ĵ൱ˬֻ޷ȥʩչͨѵ˵һӲǿʼײЩһﲻɣ
ţħ̲ס˵
ҶЦ
ˣǵɲ򵥣ӵеֶΣӵġ
Ϊ⾻ʯԵʣҶ쳹׵Ĺͨһ޴Ҳ˽⵽˶Էܡ
Եĸ̾
һֱͿƼĽ塣
ߵ໥ںϣֱ޷

˾ʯҶĲҪ⡣
ٺٺ١ɣɣ
ȻǱģҶڱʵʼԽĺ
ԵĻȥǸȥһ¡
Ҷ૵ĵ
˫Ŀ𣬷˿˿â
ʱҶϵ𽥵Ļָţľνǿĺܣ֮ϵ̲ʼָԭ̶ȣȻû취ָĵزȴѾ൱ѵˡ
װŪ𣬶ʲôѹ
һλʯĺȵ
ʩչͨѸٵͻƺƵĿʼ
ϡ
ϼٵİΧסա
ǾʱȴȻı仯
ں
ǽڷȻٵΧʼ쳹˳
ģһ޴ķпʼ֣Ҹӿµǣе棬һâССף
ԾԾ
ֹʥ૵ĵ
һֹŹֵĸоʼɡ
䣡
𶯣
֣
·һƾյը
ָоڹľ˿ʼԼǰ֡
͡
Ĺ߾ȻѸٵĴķ漤˳

壬һλʯȻ
ۡ
ŤתѸٵһȻиΪƬ
һĻʯˣ


1523 뿪
ռһأ·֮䣬Ѿʼʵʻˡ
о㹻Ϊ֮гһµħɽһǿеѹ
ʼ쳣
̫һӵĿֲϢȾЧ
ˣ˺սϣ
Ҳ£Ҳֻһ˲ֹʥڷӦ˹ĺ
ʱе˶ʼӦ˹
˿ĲȥǱ˺ѳΪ޵ĻʯǿߣĳԼĺ濪ʼ߶ɡ
áÿ£
ţħ̲סĴϢŴصϢ˵
ֻת˲ǻʯǿߣˣֱǸһֲʵʵʵĸо
˵ĸо֮£ڲȴҲ̲סΪһ޷ѹ
ȷʵǺǿ󣡡
Ҷ컺صͷ˵
Ϊƿ˵ȻĶڸղŵָоͳΪң޷ĸоͷ·Լǿеĸסһ㣬侳
ֹʥڿԺúõһˣ
ǺܿҶȴ¶˿˿֮ɫؿ˵
ĴڣҶֹ֪ʥ˶޷
䡭
һ۳ĹݺݵسҶϴ˹
ֲҶɫ΢䡣
һ˲䣬Ĺ·ǳһ㣬سΧƹȥ
սˣ
Щս֮е
ÿһ˺ѵĿռ䣬µĿռ籩
ľˣ·Ҫһиݻٵһ
ԼǿǿǣʼоԼĺնһ㡣
ÿ£
˵޲ʼ뵽
սȥȻҲ˵ľ춯ء
ЩսԵĲһ֮Ҳѹ֣ıǲٵģֻû뵽ǣֹʥȻΪɱңЩϵսˡ
Ҷﵭ˵
㻹̾ƨô죿
ţħĽе
ѾоˣЩս棬ۼֻһֶѣȴҲԽɱҵġ
õģɲǿ󵽵ġ
ҶЦ
ΪˣΪ˽ķǿɲЩһǿȥ󵽵ġ

ţħ΢΢һ㶣һ˲䣬Ѿɱ֮ϡ
ֲһѾ޾Ŀˣô࣬ʱĽΧʼ׵ĺɱΪ˿ռ籩
ǿ˺ΧγڶֲĴڡ
һʱ䣬еǿ߿ʼ￴˹ȥ
ɱɱȫɱˣ
ֹʥĺ
ڵҶĺ⣬Ǵﵽһ޷ĵز
ҶɱԼĵӺͶӲ˵ԼҶ쵱˵棬˺һֱֻۣȻ˵Ǵˣȴ
ɱεĻõħ̥Сϵܣ
һλʯ˵
λΪȥɱСӸɵ鷳ôĿֲ֪𣿡
ֹʥı˲ȴﻺؿ˵
ߡ
λʯĺߵ
¶˲ɫ
Щˣһڱһ㣬ٵĳ֣һεĳҲΪħ̥Ѿ̫ʱˣȥѰİ취ͻƣ˵ⱲǷ񻹻ͻơ
ǴʱսѾһƬռǺ飬رѣεǿ󣬵ȴҲûð취ȥġ
Ǿʱһɫâȴ·ʥһ㣬͵ıŷ
һµɫӣ
ƺƵɫӣ£ӣǿնʼɫ֮£Ȼʧɫ
ʲô
˵һֹʥ̲סľ
ֻɫĹâ·һ޴ľһ㣬ȻĺɱȻ˲˺һеĽı¶Լԭӡ

𣡣
ôܣ
̫һӵĺϴ޷ŵɫ
̫һӣֹʥȺϲǣϷŸոյĿʼ
Ҷﵭ˵
˰ա
ΧƺƵı
ţ
ײеĽͺɱȻû˿˺
еˣ޷š
ĲϣǱΪԼǿߵնɱģǸ˺ˣǱǰװ׵˷ѵˡ
ҶЦ
漴˫ֻû޾ӡǣ·˵ĳһ㣬
ʱЩӡǿʼƣģʼòϡ
áĻɱǶ군ġ
λǿĺ
ǲʣĵӿʼƿսұҲ׷׵ʩչԼĻ󣬿ʼɱ
͡
ݡ
¡¡
޴֮С
һٵصľֻӡ
һĻ
޴֮УսʩչԼΪǿ
ҵֶΣ
Ҷĺ
棬Ȼĳһ޴Ѫ
ЩѪںһġ
û֮УÿһεĲ·һľһ㣬޷ݵĿֲе˼¡
ȥ
Ѫɫľ޽ףʩչݺ˫
˲˺ѣ֮һнΪްĻû
ֲĻǷĵطԵĿ˺飬Ѫɫ񽣵ǰȴ㲻ʲôһ˿谭ûУֱӵı˺ѳΪޡ
ô᣿
⵽ʲô
ǿϢֲϵĲѵ˵ǹʱڵĴڣ
ֹʥϴԹ֮ɫĽе
͡
һ޴ѪȻٴεĳ֣˲ĳһսɱ˹ȥ
͡
ѪգѪɫһ㣬ƶĽɱԷֲֻת˲֮УȴѾս˲˺ѳΪΡ

սϵĵӣĺ
Ѫǰȴ˲Ȼֹܿ죬˲
սҲ漴ĻƬɢ֮С
ܣ
ֹʥĽе
˫ĿùԲĶ޷ŵɫ
ǰһоͷ·λһЧ
裬ǿֲӴȴŹٶȣΧսϮ޷ֹߡ
ܿһҵս˺ѡ
ֻʣֹʥһս
ڡǿȥˣ
ҶЦ
䡭
ͻȻģһҶҶȴ¶һĨصɫ
ΪʱȻ֣Լ棬Ȼ˿˿Ĳ
áʯˣ
ҶɫĽе
ôģ
ţħ̲סĽ
ͲһˣʯȻˣ
ôӵ
ʧˣʧˣǵľʯȻˣ뿪ҪϿ뿪Ľǣ
Ҷ侲˵
Źֵļһƺ޷ǵĽˡ
̫һӲϼ޻ͻȻķĲԾ
ĶֹʥҲһ㣬ԭı飬ʼü
ɱ
һٴεľۼ
Ļŷ
·Ⱥħһ㣬׷׵֡
ǿգٴεĲ˺
ߣ
Ҷĺ
˫Ŀ֮дŲʣȴ޿κΡ
ֹʥ̫һӣǡҶ죬ô˵ģһεļ棬Ǿˣ
߰·ԡ
ߣ
ֹʥͽɣһ޴ħдл۳Ҷȥ
޴ĵףۿžҪС
ˡ
޾ɫâٴεĻȥ
·ǾһĲϮ
䡭


1524 
ռ䣬·һ涴һ㣬ϵ䶯ţ·ҪΧһг׵ɵһ㣬ɫĶѨԽԽΧѹҲʼϵǿ
һλλӱǿеȥЩսĲкҲɵһɶ
ǿ磬ֹʥ̶ȵǿߣ̲סüͷ
˦ˣΧһǿе谭˿ֲϡ
λʯǿԼ̫һӵˣҲǲϵĻԼֱۣԼûֿų涴ʴ
ǿ涴ʱҲԼǳʮӵʱ֮󣬱㿪ʼȻ
ݡ
һĲʼ֣ʱ涴ʼʧˡ
𣿡
һλʯ૵ĵ
֮еֲ²޷϶ӣѾԼ뷨
һ˵һģĻ˵ã򶼲κεҷģȴ뿪ٴεĻعĻ򽫻һƽٵġ
ߣ˵ʲôôһħͷ䷢չȥҲ군ģңΣֻһǿѣǲ֣ȴ˵ģѵˣǵı˭֧Щǿǣһ֪Ĵڣħ̥ԵĻǲԼǿ֮Ԯģ
̫һӵ˵
ΪĲơ
û˵ֹʥɫΪѿ
һεʧΪĿ¡
ʧȥԼĶӲ˵ҲûбԼΪĵӳΪһսһССĲĵŭֱѾ˼¡
ͻأ䣬˫Ŀ΢΢
·Ǵʱһ㣬͵ѩұΧȥ
һӰ֮С
΢΢һʱļ俪ʼֳ
һͨǴǿߣ̫žΪʩչ
õѶϢϱ飬¶һĨ
ȻҶһϵȴٺòˣɱĸףõˣټϱ࣬ԵĿԱġ
ŮӲǱˣѩ
ʱоֹʥĴڡ
͡
һâ֡
̫һӳˡ
ϴ޷ŵɫѩ
·ǿʲôŵһ㣬ʧĽ
壿ôССĵط
ֹʥɫҲ΢΢һ䣺
ϵʥ壬˵ﵽһĵزѰĵӵٶǿǧ򱶣ֱڵʥ壬˵ʾȻô꣬ȴûб֣⡭ôʵ˷Ѱ
λʯҲ˵ɫ
ӣ
ǾǴУ
ǿĵӣζǲҫһԼĵĳɳҲԼʦĪİ
ߡ
ֹʥһѾѩϴº֮ɫ˵
ҪҪΪǿ𣿱Ϊӣ
ͬǶħջһλСһ㡣
ѩ˲˸˿˿â漴Ŀ˵
ӡԸ⣡
նȴֲ˿У·һı䣬Լĸһ˲䣬Ѿռѩġ
ܺá߰ɣ
ֹʥ˵ͷЦ˵
еñʧһΣȻʧȥ˺ܶ࣬ǵõ壬ȴҲг޾ڴ
壬⴫˵֮еʥ壬֪ᷢӳôµҶ졭úϸŮˣնɱƺٺòˡ
뵽вĿʼһǿҵĿУ
Ҷ졭ŰɣǵһعĻԵĿһݴģ
壬ϵʥ壬ǧ򱶵Ŀ´ڣһ֧֣ҩϵؼȫĴڵĻڶݵʱ֮бԴﵽһĳ̶ȡ
ŵǸʱ򽫻Ҷʱ̡
ңң֮У޾δ֪Ϳµȴ޵̽Ѱ١

һöڻߡ
ߣǿ񱼣
ɫĹâ𽥵ĿʼγһͬһĴڡ

ҶţħڵĴϢţϴŽٺϲС
ʯ̫ˣҪһˡ
Ҷ˵
õôľʯȴû뵽Ȼȫѹ˲ıĵ˼¡
֮УһӡǼꡣ
ҲΪꡣ
֮УԼȫӡ
ҶѾƿЩ꣬ȻҲ֪дʲô
ҵļ磬̫Զˣ˵ҪĻǾԲܵģǵڵľʯûоʯ˵ǿеʩչ⾻ʯȲ˵ǷԽ뵽ǹϵļ磬Ļ൱ѵġ
Ҷܶûɵ飬½ҲҶļңҲҶˡ
֮Уٵǿߣֵĺƽ٣ҪҶȥȡ
ֻܹٴεѰҾʯ⾻ʯôʱȴǵһε˵ҪȥѰҵĻֻܹȥҵһаյĵططֻһϳ
Ҷ˫Ŀ˿˿âؿ˵
ȷҪȥ
ţħµ˵
ļ䣬ţħҲС
Ȼ֪Ҷ˵ʲô˼ţħǺֱӵıסˡ
˲ɱһϵĻʯǿߣֹʥ̫һӣǰӵ޷ֿûоʯȺһǲȴҲܵشġ
ɴ˿ɼģǶôĿֲ
뵽Σյ֮УǲΪӪеյز޷ġ
û취˵ҪõʯٴεȥĻҪıǽ뵽Ԫ֮УңԵҲðȫ쳣ǲᷢǵģοĻһ㡭
Ҷ˫Ŀ˿˿âؼ˵
飬ãҪǿ󣬿ƼעصǿƼϵĽϵˮ׼ӦòǺǿģ˵ĸ˵ֻҪŬͿȥӵһģСһ㣬ûʲôġ
Ҷŵ˵
ȻôĻǴүҲֻˣ֪ǷĴأ
ţħ૵ĵ
Ҷһĺߣ治֪εıһ
Ȼ˵ĻǾǰɡ
Ҷ˫Ŀ漴ƿһöӡ
ʱһöӡѸٵĻûĹâصķţ·ɻһ
һӡҶĺߵ
ȻѭѾĵҵľʯôϡ٣ҲΪҽ뵽ɡ
Ҷ̲ס˼
Ŀꡪ򣡣


1525 
˫Ŀϣ
ޣ
ҶʱһС͵֮С
գʮƽ׵ĴС
ȴͬҩһҺȻ˵Լľӵ޾֮ȴҲĵط
еҺ·ǴҩɣǿĲȥһڶоԼһĲ
оҶһ˯⡣
֮ҶȻ֪еĺô漴Ŀʼ
ڱļ֮Уǰ֮Ϊ򵥵һգǳ֮еǣıЩա
ҿϢ൱ķ㣬Ƕ֮
һ㣬Ҷ쵹൱Ŀ϶ġ
һεսǺֹʥϵĳͻ
ȻҶϵֹʥһֱֻۣȴҲܵصĴˡ
ֹʥĲѡ
Ĺѣһε洩ҪֲأֱҶĿ̲֮סһ¡
кܳһ·Ҫߡ
Ϊ˼پʯģҶ첻ӿٶȣȻʱ򣬵ҲŲС档
ҶʱȥúõĻһԼ
ӴľԪϵҶЩԪ뵽ʮƽ׵СУǺصĸоȴ·ǺһͿ£ʱľϵĲ֮ԭֻܹǸ߼Һڱ仯Ϊؼˮ׼
Ҷľͷ·ǸɺԵĴ˰겻Ĵһ㣬̰ȥ˱Ųˮ֣ϵؼȡеľ
ʼ˵·һ޴Ҷľ֮оһ㡣
ţħǲϵس鴤š
ڵϡ
ħ̥ȡ޾ģȴҲ޷ȥĨɱΪѪϵĹϵΧѹӵ񣬸оϸӵĿֲ
ð
ţħ̲סĿ
ʱʱĴһڵоֱʼˣԵĻԸĴ档
ǿպεȵľ޴󣬼亱ȴҲ޷ȥĮһ㣬ֻǿȥܡ
ţħҶǲģǸ֪
ʱѾоԼϵƺͻɷںϣԭںϸӵĿֲ
ֻԵںһ˿ȴٽҵۻɷʥĳ֣˵ںϵĻǷӳһɵֹʥˣϵһȭɱģ֣֮ǴӺζġ
Ҷֹ
ܿ죬׵һߣĵ
ǿȻɵģҶ첻Ҵ⣬ȻѵõĿȥҶҲ˷ʱ䡣
ڵһö̫ӡǲϵת
һö̫ӡԭˮ֮ͻ֮໥ںϴٳɵģҶΪϵȴʼ𽥵ķӳ͵
ҶԭǸӵĿº˫
罫׵ںϣ̫ӡǵҲ˫ﵽƥеĵزġ
Ҷжϡ
漴ĲϵؼȡΧľ
Ҷ·Ǹһ㡣
𽥵ʧȥԭ
֮ȴϷɿ롣
šţÿһļ
ЩںϣϵҶ챾ʵ
𽥵Ҷо˴첻ڿʼ֡
ȴҲҪһſͻ硣

أҶ·һֻһ㣬һصķĿʼɡ
ڵʮµ֮໥ңңӦһöӡȻĴŹ⻪
ٴεĵһµơ
ʮĶƳˣ
һɿֲٴεĳ֣ѸٵĽںϵԼȫ֮У໥Ĵںϡ
̳һʱ֮ҶʶҲʼøԼϵȴڲϵǿƿȴʧ
ָоҶǰͷ·Լȴɴڡ
һĸоأҶ꿪ʼɢȥͻգڲٴεİס
ʲô
ţħŹӣţԲ˵
ʱڲϵĸԼţޣĶʵı̬
Ҷ쿴ڲһУڿţħѾĶ֮˵񶼿ʼһĲʧȥԭ־硣
ǿеѹסţħ߳ȥĳ嶯ҶŬάϵڵоĿʼءߡȥ뵽ǿ֮С
һööǳ˸ĿЩǳÿһŶ·Լ͹켣
죬̲޾ĵҶڵΪ򾳽磬޷ȥصľ磬ٶĴȥһһ㣬ʼΧɢ
һ߾ߵĲкʼ֡
ЩкеĲʬеսϵƬеǶѵıС
Ȼ֮Ҳǰȫġ
һ߾ߵĲʬϵس֣ҶѾľ
Լǰ˰֮Ҷ쾹Ȼһ߿ݵ
һѾݵͬ׹һ
ֳڵĹâû˿˺ۣ·ǾӾس˯һ㣬ǹǶԷ˫Ŀȴš
һ˫ĿǿݵϣԵøͻأһɭͱĿֲС
Ҷ쿴һ֮󣬶̲סһɴ˿ɼ۾µʲôز
ҶҪ㿿ȴˣһϾȻɢһ˿΢Ĳ
Ⲩ΢ȴһĸо
ͷ·Լ뵽һµ硣
֮УĽɫâʼֳ
ҫʼɣԼͷ·ǾʱĿƿһ㡣

Ҷ˵ĺܣܿıо˲Ծŭһ걩ٵ
˲ϢƵ֮⡣
һвϵ𾪣
˲֪µĹʬȻɢ׵ȴԼʶ
ŶԷǹ⻪ԴҶ΢΢һ
ڵĵӣ˾ȻһλڵĵӣѹôĶģ֮󣬶Ҫϸ汳ģǸղѵļʱǳ˵ĻԻᱻ쵰Զĳ˯Īеġ
뵽Щ֮Ҷ̲סҪ국
͡
ݻһסɼһ
ѹһʯڲ
ˣ
Ҷߵ
¡¡
ʱͻȻҶĶߴһֲײ
΢ʱÿٶȣĻع飬˲ں֮С
ʱˬǷ
ײȴҶΪĲˬһƿգֻţħһŵĿҶ죺
һֻһ
Ҷһ㶣Ŀٳ
˫Ŀâ˸ʱΧһѶϢҶԺС
ãã֮Уʯ棬ЩҶ춼⣬Ƕһһ
һµӰ
޴壬ൽ˰׵ĳȡ
ֲͣµ壬ӴϢĲһҶ캧ˡ
һޡ
һֲޣ


1526 
ɫűĹâ
ԷӾƯ֮У·һ˯һ㣬Χһж⡣
ƺǶһ㣬ϳֻ׹ǳԵ洩֮УѾʧȥӻϵҲ޷ıʼø
Ҷ̲ס뵽˸ղŵǸһ
ڵӵ֮󣬾ȻԱһΪжôĿֲ
ܹƯĲкڣûиʮǲܵġ
һ˿Ϣ
Ҷ˵
Էһֻ˳һ㡣
ϵϢȴһ˿Ĳ
ҶΪľȡ
˵öôĿֲȻҲ䣬֮У·;ңԶȴִ޾Σ
ţħѵõ˵
һܹţӴԼţϷµĻҶҲһѵõ˵ĻǿŶԷǺߣûʲô
Ҷʵ̲ס
ˡ
һ΢˳
С
ȴҶ֮׵Ĳ׽ˡ
ôˣ
Ҷɫ΢䣬ţħ̲סʵ
棬в
Ҷı
κεʱΣպͿ³̶ȶǱѰ֮ҪΣġ
ţħıҲʼ˲ıɫ
Ҷľ绹ҪߣȻҲԲ׽һ˿
ƺǡ
ţħţ۵ɵùԲ޷ŵ˵
Ҷص˵ͷ
ĲȻĲ
⻰Ҷ춼޷š
ǰ֮һ޵սҶ߱һ޶߱ҲǱǵΪսʹõġ
ǰһս棬⼣߰ߣЩϣΪϺͿ֮ںһ𹹳ɵ㡣
Ǿ㣬ǻ˴⼣ɴ˿ɼս¸жôÿֲ
߻ڳ˼ʱȻģսƺǸоҶţħĴڣһԿµ֮۾ȻֲĹâ
âŸϢ
·Ǵһ㡣
ҶȴðΣա
ĽȻ߱¶֮С
ߡȥ
Ҷĺ
䡭
â˸һƬʯ
ţħƲƲ̲ͣס˵
ȷ
ҶûĿ
ѵ˵棿
뵽Լ֮Уţħ̲סĴһ¡
Ȼ˵սµâȴҲûķӦԭһ˿ʧˡ
ҶţħʵȻ֮УķʽУȴҲѸ٣ֻգ۵ʱѣǱս֮ϡ
ʲô
Ҷ˫ĿѸٵĿսԴ棬һۼ
һۼȭͷС
޵Ӵ˵ʵ΢΢С
ҶȴоˣһȭͷСĺۼƺսԭ
ָ΢΢һ
ʱȭͷСĺۼ棬ӿһɷǱѰĲ
䡭
Ҷ
ʱһµĳԺ֮С
սڷɿн֪δȻһâ
һ
ײе˼µĽ
·ǴĴԪһ㣬˲û뵽ս֮ϡ
ҵĲ˺
ˣۣ·֮ϵһ㣬û˿ԥ
ǿֲĽ⣬ƺǸоҶĴһ㣬Ȼ˲ٴαҶһķڡ
ҶѸٵĽÿ
棬һֲĺۼѾ˳
ۼҶţħϲһľ䡣
һۼ֪˶ٵˣ۵Ľ⣬ȻԽԭͷųһ˿˵һѾ۳ΪʵʣǾǧأ޷
ÿµһһ֣̫ˣ
ҶڵĴϢ
漴Ľ⽣ȥ⣬û뵽ǣ⽣ۣ˿ھȻ޷˲Ļָľ޷ѳȥ
ٶȻָٶȣ˼¡
սǵʲôˣȻ˵ǿ֣߳˵ǹʱڵǿߣ
ҶҶ϶Լ߱񽣾޷ͶԷԿ
Ժ֮ģһģ˲ʮ֮һĵزȴѾоͷʹˡ
ʹҶţħս档
Ǽװ棬ǵĺۼ
⼣߰ߵĺۼ棬һµϢ
ǿߵϢսϢ
еκһϢɱҶ졣
Ҿô£ûʧʵҶкȻ
ڵѾԶ϶һҹϵ˼µս
ȻѾҶţħĵҲֻ÷ŵһ࣬ĿʼΧȥƿ˴ա
⴬վ޴󣬷·һ𹬵һ㣬ҶҪ޴
Ĺϵʯ͵̵ͼڣװεޱȻ
ΪµԵʣЩʯװͱƻһš
Ϊؼȴһĺۼ
һȭͷСĺۼ
һۼֱӵĴ˴յڲ
һģӰС
ϡԿĳһսʿӰ
ԷźɫףŹϵĻƣаǷôԶĲаĲ
һնɱľ֮󣬾Ȼû뵽˴˵ϣһﲻ֪ǵʲôǿߣȻöԷ֡
Ҷ˵
漴ĳŶԷȥ
Χһɳڻʡ
£ǿޣ˻촷ۡ
Ҷ̾˵
֮󣬻Ҫ棬ǰޱǿ֮ſԴﵽġ
Դﵽ̶ȵġ
ÿµļһ
˳һۣҶߵ˾ͷ
λźɫ׵һ𻪹档
Թϵͷ­̶ɣа
޵ͷ­оžŰʮһÿһ˸˿˿Ĳ
Ⲩһ𣬴ݵܡ
Ҷ΢ƺǸղŵֲЩͷ­ĲΪơ
׵ˣԴסԷģ
ҶԽȴԽľȡ
ԷôʱˣԱôʵ
ʱҶͻȻһĸоһ˿Ծ
һֻѸٵĳŶԷ
âȴڴʱͻأı˳
͡

ͬ񽣳ʡ
㱩
ֲŤǹâȻҶüļ

ЦͻȻĳ֡
ҶѸٵתٵ˸߲תĺȵ
ߡ뿪
ţħѾӵĿ񱼡
ϣ
յĴţ͵ıպ
Ҳ
ţħŭ
Ҷϵıȴʼ仯
ǰһӰڵĳҶǰ
ͷ
˫Ŀ
ǿɲӣҶոռԼѹһʯϵλڵӣ˭
һʱ䣬һɿг֡


1527 ѹ
ٵˣڵҿһ߲
֮дſµϢ·һħڳԼ﷢̰Цһ㡣
Ҷ˫Ŀ˿˿â廯һ޴һ㣬Ȼվɫ䣬羮һ㣬ƽ޲
ôʲô
ţħ̲סĽе
ΧһУƺǶεƿоѹ֣ͺǴһ޷Ƶ֮Уȥͻơ
Ҷû˵ֻڿһǿߣϵıޱȵ档
Сĵ㣡
˵
ü֮ϣâ˳
ҶǰΧâ˸
âǰһڵӵĹɢġ
ԭң֮УѰ飬ȴû뵽ǾȻԼˣ
ڵٴεĿ˵
ൽ˼£˵䣬һĺɫ׶Ħ
ΧĽȴڲϵɢţֻɢĽâÿһƺǶڴһĨаϢ
ħˣ
Ҷֱ֮ӿ˶Էϵı仯
ħ㾹Ȼó
ԷϱȻ޷ȴҲ֪һʱһ൱ľȵġ
Ҷû˵ħļһǲҪȥġ
ȴҴ⡣
һս֮УĶſֲϢϢ
ҶиоԼȥСĵӦĻĽԼ
һ㣬š
һƺǲԾ
ţħСֹ
һţɢĲƺǿʲô
ôˣ
Ҷ˵
һҶȻԷģȻţħʱҲļȴԵһҲܹܶҶĶ
һȫޣֻΪĻöѣȵȡ˵һںϣںϣ͵㣬һĻǾˣ
ţħͻȻ
Ҷ˫ĿâȻĳ֡
ɱ
ðȻװŪ
ţħĽе
û뵽Ȼһƭˡ
͡
ݡ
ӰѸٵĳ֡
쵰
һĺϳˡ
ҶţħµĺӰס˶Է塣

Ҷһȭ֣һȭſֲĽ⣬Ȼ۳Ϊʵʡ
ȭͷŽ⣿
ǿֲڵӵ˫Ŀ֮жһĨ޷ŵɫ
ħ߶Ҷۻɷʥ壬뵽Լ֮УȻŰһ⽣Ϊֲġ
ڵĵӣƺǶڽΪļɵֽһȻĵȥ
ү
ţħٶȸ죬һӳıţӷ·һö޴ĺӡһ㣬ݺݵӡı
䡭
ֲʱΧĿռһң˲Ļһķ籩ʼչֳ
͡
ҶȭͷٴεĶ
ʱϡɼһֲĽӰ
һӰϢͬһŭһչֳ
צһץס˶Էֱۡ
ȭȭӡ죡
߱񽣾
һȭ⾳
ȭͽ⣡
ߵںϣȥɲֻһһĳɹֲɢķ·ʵһռ䶼̣ۡٴα
ͬһһתΧ۳Ϊʵʵѣѵˮһ㣬ʵʵɼıˡ
ң
ڵӵĺ
ȴ޿κεıС
꣡
ǿֱ̧۵ֿȴ
һôõʱ䣬⾳׵ĸˣҵڵӵõһʱ仹ãεܹȫںϣ޷ںϣͷӲԼ
ҲˣʹҶĳָӵĿֲ
衭
ţħһţ
ֻţ·˫һ㣬վţǰֻţӸͬ籩һĴȥˡ
ʱһڵӣ˫ܵУӵֱһֻ޷ȫĳסߵĳ֡

ֲ䳹׵ķ
䡭
ٴεĳһֲ֮󣬶ԷԴţħһӴС
һţӵϮ
·һɫĴɽһ㣬ľˣ㱬
ӵĻûԲ󲨶ʹΧĿռһ㣬ըˡ
𡭡
ţħֽһ˳ȥ
ҶһץסԷǿ
˫ֲڶԷϷ˾޴˺
ơǷĲ㾹Ȼһַǡ֮ôܣ㷨ʧѾãôᡭ
֣֮Էٴε˺ѵˡ
һ֮УҶǰһȴ˿ֲĺɫ
ȻǿѾڵӵ޷ڣֻٴε뿪һ
һԭѾൽ˼£ڵٴεĹע͸û촷ˡ
͡
һöɢźڽɫâĹâٵĳЩΧ
ꣿ
Ҷһ
ǻûеȵӦѾ塣
Ҫˣ
̰ҶԺ֮г֡
Ǹղڵӵ
Ҷȴ⣬¶һĨмĹЦ
𣿡

һҶľѧʼת
𡭡
硭
ʥӤ﷢˷ŭĺ
֪ĶȻԼ磬
Ũ꣬ô˵ǿⲻܣܰ
˷ܵ
һ̣ʥӤȴѾס˶Է
ϡɼһӣһһթ֮ɫļһԴĿԵС̫һˣڵˡ
ʲôôܣҵΪǿﲻľ磬εҵĶ֡
裡
Ҷŭȵ
ʥӤӵĲһԼ֮УȻҴʴʣֱ
һƵֶԷ˲ΪԴ
ֻǶԷ굹Լ
ڱĴΪ˱Դ˲䣬ԼĻſԼɳ͸յĺۼ
Ҷ춯ʥӤǿе֮󣬲Ž㶨

Ҷţħĳһ
ڵĵӣȻǵľѧʵǹ˫
ĴϢ˼֮Ҷ컺˵ܿļ֮УѾ˹ڵӵļ䡣
ϸ˵һҶǺܵù
ڵĵӣԭһа֮Ѿ׵Ĵĳ̶ȣΪһħ֮תѧ״̬ˡ
ҶڵӵĸˣȻ˶Էʶ
ȵҶ˽뵽һս֮ıռһ˵ͼȥᵽҶȴû뵽һ˵ĸ࣬ûں϶٣㱻ţħˡ
Էʵ̫һӵ˻ҪֲʮһָͽҶѹǿߵز
ΪҲãţħҶ죬ûлָǰ³ֵĻǳͱռˡ


1528 
ݶԷļ䣬һսûκεĹϵ
⵹ҶΪĿЦ
ԭΪһҲսϵһԱ˵ĻͿٴεģǷһԼ廯ΪһΪ塣
Ǹʱһ֣һȭһνǷ֮ӵĿֲ

ڽ˵Īá
һ첻һǿ߱ѹסǻɱһλ첻۷ǿߡ
̶ܴϱΪ߶ȵļУܼ·һ㣬Ϣޱȵԣ˲ն϶ԷĽҲǷĸ
Ҷ׷ıһ硣
ڵŰԵϷֱìܵĽϡ
ǳ֮ǽ֮Ҷ֮ĸ
˵Ҷ֮ҲǿµģȻسֿͬ񽣳һ㣬˫
һȻ޷ٴεķ鵽ԭĵزֻȥȵˡ
ҶΪε뵽
Ҷ뷨ţħȻǲ֪ģڵڷսɨ
ûСʲôûУϢ˸ϢΧһܹõĶûУһ˿ıﶼڡ
ţħ̲סĽе
ҶȻһ㣬Ƿ·һѾ֮ﳹ׵˺ѳΪҩرϢ˺ѵˡ
ҶԭĲ²⣬սҲӦĳǣȴҲ˲䱻˺ˡ
һʵĿµ˼¡
ڵӱҶջҲǲٵġ
һ֮еĵλ²ͣȻϵľѧЩѧĵط»ǿߵģҲٵѧҲУҶΪİο
Щѧ֮ҶٴεԼġתӶȥ
ûİҶҪĳɳԼġתѾΪķˡ
ԣҪԼʵҪķ濪ʼˡ
ʱһ˿صѶϢҶԺ֮С
Ϣڵӵļ䣬ϵһμ䡣
֮һ׵ıϾˡ
һμȴɵĴڣʵҶоޱȡ
ִһμԵǶԷִûεĻôõʱ䡣
Ҷ૵
һμ䲢ȫ
ڵʥӤȴΪϵǿߵ꣬ȻˮǴߣ뵽һµĳ̶ϡ
ھʥӤһһּɣϣһεķܹҵõõĶ
⵹ҶʥӤ꣬˵Ҫһ˵ٴεģҪĵ൱ֲģǻԼԪˡ
õһĪ֮ҶȻջ𵽼µġ
ȴԼ֮д˵ִҶ϶ⲻǼ֮һģļ֮Уһ˲õ֮
ҶţԼģļ䣬϶򵥡
͡
˫ֽӡһɹɿֲѸٵĴɢ˳
ʥӤҲڲϵĽӡ
İסһμ䡣
·ػһ˿Ļһ㣬ǻ
ܿ죬Ҷ֮ϵ̲ŶԷһζεļ𽥵Ŀʼ
𡭡
һŭ
һȻҶһѹ
ѹɽ纣ȫ
塢пᡢѪȡɱ¾
Ҷͷһɺ죬·ѪһĿʼ˸˿˿֮ţħʼһĶ£
ȥѾÿ£Ҫʲô
ţħæסԼţޣĶҶһĻ
ѾľͲܲȥԼ𣿡
ҪػԼ̨סԼ񲻱ѹѹסҶһὫѾĸ߷ɵġ
ڵҲû¡
꿪ʼתһζεļ俪ʼģ
Ǽˣģļȴ·Ǹһ㣬ǿֲ֮Ҳڲϵǿš
֮ˡ
꣬ôʱˣȻǿϢһϱӻñնֱһħĴڣһǸײе˼µħ
Ҷ첻޶뵽
ˡ
ڵһεļ俪ʼ
쳣

俪ʼҶĻָ֮󣬿ȴֻ֡
һֹϵһҩʥҩ
ԷҶûȥ˽⣬Ϊļ֮Уҩһ˵ͻԭ
ԽǿͻƵĿԱԽǿ
֮ͻƣ
Ҷ˫ĿɵùԲ
Ҫޡ
ҩֱΪġ
ȡڷ֮⣬ӵζſȥµĿʼΪǿǸǿ
Ҷ˵
𡭡
֮У˿ֲϢ·ħ޷޺һ㡣
ϢҶ񶼿ʼڽڵİ
֮ĵ޷Ԥ⡣
ҶǿеİסͷļٵĽһμ俪ʼ¼
ԭǴϻ쳣һе˼ȵֵļ䣬˲ļ¼ɡ

һӡǱҶ¼֮ҶҲ̲ס¶һĨɫ
ϵĳ۶ʼȫĽʪˣɼղŵĶôأԷļ֮УɢĿֲҲƣһԭ
ϵעڵҩ֮Уγ޷ںںϵڣ˵ҵۻɷʥٴεͻƣǲԵ޷󵽵ġ
Ҷ˷ܵ˵
ǵҶ쿴ԼѾ˼ȥ¼ѶϢ֮ϵ˷ܣ˲ʧӰˡ
ɫľȻһ˫ĿſɲĻ棬һſͣ
Ҳĸװ
ҶˣǺȥʺ˼ҵĸϵ
ڣȴ̲סˡ
Ҫҩĺܶࡣ
ĺˡ
ȻҶıҲ٣ȻزȥҩĶ⡣
ʼһζҩıʮݵ滨ϵѩ
ȻЩ¡
εĻС
צѪ֮ǣ֮顭
Խ󿴣Ҷı㿪ʼ۵һƬ
ôӵҲôӷġ
Ҫ˵ǺһıҶûп꣬Щ޵ĲϣҶ쿴ľ͸оԼҪѿˡ
ް
ôް
ҶĶˡ
ڣ޵ѪǿŪޣѾʧ£ܹԷϢֻƬĴڡ
ȴҪԼȥѰν֮Ѫ֮ǣҶоԼ¹ҲԶˡ
ԼֻȥѰˡ
Ҷε˵
ҩôĿ£ȻֵҲ޷ġ
Ȼ˵ҶѰҵЩҩģҲ࣬Ҫͻȴѡ
ѹ˵һļộôӵĴڣҵĻĸ̡
ǸղŵĸоҶ£Ҫȥٴλָһ¶Էļ䣬õĿģһ


1529 
һηսѾʮյʱˡ
ʱ䣬Ҷ첻ϵȥڵӵеõľѧ
һλڵӣ֮еľѧÿһֶ˼亱
Ҷҿ϶һݺ͵λԵĲ򵥡
֮УҲѧ
Ȼ޷ҶġתȴҲ಻˶ٵġ
֮໥ĶԱȣ໥⣬ҲҶ˺ܶࡣ
ۡ
һ쾪֮еҶ졣
ʱҶ˫Ŀͬöɺɫһ㣬ȥϸϸĹ۲죬ֻܹоһ˫ĿƺΪҫȴ޷ڲصĿ²
һ죬ֻţħһֻ޴ɫߣڻسڲ
ֻǧףϴ˿˿Ĺ컨ƣ·Ƿһ㣬˸ϣһԾ޴ֲͫĹâˮͰϸڷŤţȻû
Ҷָᵯһâ˸˺˶Է׵˺ѵˡ
үˡ
ţħϵشϢ˵
ʱ䣬ҶΪԵʣϲϵų֮Ĳʹţħڵ̲סˣԵĳȥʱʱĴ֮лȡһЩ
գıأЩرκεһ͵µҪֲ˵ֻҪȥǾջ
ţħǲ֪Ķħ̥ӵſµĴڣֻΧ
һǴģ
ҶĿһ޴ɫߡ
澹Ȼһ˿µĲ
֮ĲҲ˵һ֮дһ˿Ѫͳ
պóȥʱģүģһţүүſ׼ȥҿţүүÿ죬ĻᱻѾĸȥʵڴ̫žһľ磬ĺܣٶȣֱľˣ
ţħੲݵ˵
Ҷص˵ͷ
һǿֲҲǿ֮ˣ̲صǲ䴦һ°ɣŪһ磡
ţħԼţӣ
ٺ٣ү˵ľ⣬ʱ䣬ҩǰѴүζʼĥƽˡ
ţħѾħ̥ȻĲʲô֮Ȼⲻôʱ䣬˿ûʵúˡ
ϵĿռ䣬ĺܡ
˺ܿҶ㽫һǧ׳ɫˡ
߸鿾⡢߽
һʱ䣬ζʱĴ˳
ߵĺܡ
Ϊζȴмλá
һλҲ׵ĵز
ľſµĶأβĵطӵŲӵϣмλãΪĴ
ౡ
һ֡
СٴιɵĳҶļϡ
С׵ĳ֣ţħҲǼֲˡ
ʱҲǰȫĺܣҶ쾭ԵĽСͷų
Ľɫ⣬ϵĵ֬ǻ棬̡졣
Ҷ콫ܶҩͿĨ棬һʱζղŸʤ֡
ţħȵһֱ۴ϸĿ⣬ڵĳ
ʱܳҲǧ£½Ѿɾˣȼ֮Ŀ⣬ν˴Σһҧȥڼ˲ʱһɾʼڱŷ
ö
ţħ̲סĽе
ֵ˳֣ٴεһȴһԱɫͫڷŭĳ
С׳׵ķŭˡ
ղŸոտõ⴮ͱ޳ܵɫţˣһոհ˷죬ѾľȻִᡣ
ౣ
С׺Ƿŭĺ
ľȻĺ
ճСԼʵţħĶ֣ǿСǷŭ֮ţħȴ̲סһ£漴ĽֵĿ⴮ױһĽСף
һﵽʲôΪʲôүоһɿµϢһ˿Ļᶼûأ̵һ̬ħްڵļһѾǱˣȴһ̬СүҲˡ
С΢΢Ƴһۣһѣ漴Ĵڳ
һĶ԰ףҶû˿⡣
С׵ȻûȷҶȴ൱Ŀ϶С׵һҴĻǿ϶ģţħֲħ̥ηУݿֲκ˵
ĺһ߸֮󣬶ʱһɾʼ۶ûӰϵͷųһʱ䣬ǾþõûжĴ첻ʼػζ
Ҷ첻۷Ҳһʱˡ
ǳ˵ͻżҲҪʮĳ̶ȣǶҶ˵ƱϵǿᣬֻҪԷٵ
ûҪԵҩرࡣ
Ҳÿ
һɾѸٵĳء
Ҷڵĳſ⡣
һɹɵľϵĿʼȼ
ԿⶼͻƣôõĻ޻ѡģǴ̫žһߣɲʲô˶ȥԵġ
ڵϵĿʼתܿ۳Ϊһ޴񽣡
񽣳ҶǿԸоԼڷĲ
һּҪͷŵĲ
䡭
ҶһɾĲ˲Ľһ顣
֮ϣ罭һ㴨Ϣ
첻ľ类Ҷﵽˡ
뵽֮ҶоԼֻǿ˽ʮĵزӵ֮ٴεľѣš֮Ƶ֮Ѱķ߱ǿ֮
ˡ
ˡ
ˡ
ʮơʮơʮ߶ˡ
ʮļӳ˲ı
Ҷ˫Ŀ絶ͫ罣ϣΧĿʼˡ
ÿµļһﰡܣү޷ȥӶᣬģĽ
ţħ̲סļ
ħ̥Ҳ׷ǿ棬ȻҪǿǿ֮ġ
Ҷ죬ţħȴ۷ˡ
ĳ̶ȺڵҶȽϻûа취㶨
ҲԽԽ
֮䣬ʲϢ
ҶǸоԼǿһȭһ̫žһǿߣһǰ̶ȣԼȫѹסǲҪķѶٵ
ԽǿҶоԼ̫һӵ֮Ĳࡣ
ȺһڵľӦڴ̫žҡһǶ֣ȴҲϴ
Ҷ϶˵
Ͼʮļӳ֣ɲǳصġ
һȭȥҲ׵Լġ
ˬ
оԼĶһļУҶʱĴڵĺ߸
һɾٴε
ߴʳʱһɹȴ˳
ǿĲʡ
˲ΧסΧ
䡭
ֲ˲ĳ֣Ҷţħɫ΢΢һ䣬ٵʩչͨΧȥ
ֻһž޴Ĺǳǵǰ
Ϣӭߵ΢΢һ
һŸ


1530 Ѫѻڤ
ȥ
Ҷﻺؿ˵
ţħ΢΢ĵ˵ͷǵ߸һںȸɣһ˳ȥ
Ҷջ̤С
Ѫţ˾޴ĳʴ
ǰ̬
Ӷҳ˺صơ
뵽ҶڣһɵİѾҶ쳹׵Ȼûʵʵֽ̬ȴҶ𽥵սϵǿʼ
һ̤һƬգҶٵĻâɴܳȥ
͡
ո̤һ˲䣬һֲĦѾ˳
һ硣
·Ƿ˿˿Ѫɫ
ȻһֻѻѪҺ
һﲻԴСƲϴ˿˿ɷϢһ۾ѪɫĻһ㣬ϵںȼա
衢ģ
ţħвˬĺܣһţӣ·ǿѵص̫ħɽһ㣬һѹһţӲȵ˶Է塣
꣡
ʱһ֡
Ҳ漴һӡ
Ӳ
ţħ̲סĨĨԼţ޺˵
һ̣ȴҶһ߷˳ȥ
ѾĶʵǷ⡣
߷ţħ֮ҶͷŽµǸӡ
֨֨֨
һĽȴͻȻ֡
Ȼδ
Ҷɫһ̲ס쳣
ţħȻĺܣʵȴԵĲϵǿ̶ȶǿɺԼԿˡ
һţȻûаһ飬ʵ˾ȡ
͡
ͬһ֣һѪϢҲסҶ졣
ֻѻһȻ磬ٵĳҶԴץȥ
ౡ
С׷ŭĻԼСצӣʱһص֡
Էֱӱˡ

ֲѻΧɢ
ΪǿеʩչɵĿֲ˺
Сʱ䣬֮ϵı£Ҷ춼޷ȥ⣬ĽȥƺǿռȴҶ޷о˿ռ֮ϵĲ
ߣ
Ҷһѻеĺ
΢ʱĽ˽һС
֨֨֨
ѻŭѣһѪɫ۾Ѫͷ񣬷Ҷš
֪Ķ
Ҷһ΢΢
꣡
ʱһĲӱҶֱӵˡ
޷ȥͼ㣬ۻɷʥӲһ˿ȥ󵽵ġ
ССѻȻ£ȴҶĶ֡
ƺǷѪѻ
ţħƨƨߵܻŻڳ鴤֮еѻһĿ˵
Ҷ˫Ŀ΢˲ĳ˷ѪѻϢ
Ѫѻ̬ѻȴѻǿ
һѪҼȡѪԼ
ٶȾˡӲգ
ţзѪѻɹһΪϵĴڡ
Ȼ˵ֻһͼȴޱȵĿֲɴ˿ԿѪѻľ֮
ѪѻµǽѾˣںܶԼһֻģ
ҶϿʼ
ĳΧȥǺܿ죬ɵüͷ
棬ϢڰϢûй⣬ûһļž
ڰ֮УԵЩ֮ϵľۼźصǦƣһ޷Ϣĸо
е˿˿ɫҲΪĻҰɫ
ȣ磡
ҶΨһĸо
һʲôط
Ҷ˵
֪ҿˣҲݵ·ˣֻҪ߹ٹһ·̱Խˡ
ţħһ˵
ﵽĶΣյĲȥĮӵ
ɡ
Ҷ鵭˵ǰȥ
ţħһڽǿȫ̵Ҷ
Ҳ֪պǦƵԵʣΧĹâʵ̫ڰˣÿһ·Ҫķѵǲ˵ϣû˿ʵԵĸо·ǲ޻һ㣬Ҷ컹ţħߣٶϵӰ첢ǿҡ
֨֨֨
һٴεĳ֡
Ҷţħ൱Ķ죬ղɱһֻѪѻ
ô겻ɢΪүǲɣ˱ү
ţħͻȻȻֹ
ҶɫҲѸٵı仯
ֻ֮ϣȻһźڰǦƣǦƵڲ԰ټƵѪɫ㡣
˻
ţħﵹһ
ʲôǦƣֻķѪѻ
ѪѻȺһȺ֮˺ѵ
Ҷ˵
ЩѪѻǿҲǴ첻ĳ̶ȣٶȿ졢ӲӲȴͷۣ˵ǼֻĻҲ鷳ܵĿȥٵҶ춼ͷۡ
ҲҶţħߣˣȥǣǿߣһ֮ԽһȺѪķӣҲжԶ͹Զ
ôô࣡
ţħţùԲ
ǰĺˣѹûһ򣬵ЩһĴڣҪȥ൱ˡ
Ҷ϶жϵ
͡
һִֻһӡǡ
ʱӿ
棬ֱ˪
̲޾ķâ֮ǳ֮
ǳٵںϳΪһ̫ӡǡ
֨֨֨
ЩѪѻԵĳҶģһʱ件һķͬټǵһ㣬ٶȿΧĿռ䶼ʼ׵˺ѵˡ
䡭
Ҷ̫ӡȻĻӶһ㣬֡

̫̲ſֲ֮߱ȼմ߱˺ѳΪƬ
һʱ䣬֮ϵķѪѻ޲նɱ
֨֨֨
һ֡
նʼ
ȻһȺѪѻ
һȺѪѻǧֻĵز
һӣҶ춼ʼͷƤˡ
͡
С׻ֱۣһķг֣ʱ˺顣
ߡ
Ҷ̲סĺȵ
ôûĺǶԿ
϶ҧ
Ҷס
ôķѪѻԵѾѪѻ֮ˡ
ţħѾӱܱ˵
͡
ҶһȻֹͣˡ
üͷԴʼ˼
ղ˵ʲô
ţħţ۵ɵùԲ
ǰɣϽ߰ɡ
Ҷ΢΢İ֣
һ䡭
ǺѹѹһƬѪѻţħҪˣ
ү˵ôķѪѻˡ
·һԺ֮һҶҲ̲ס¶˿ĵɫ
һ䡭
֮ϵЩѪѻҶı鿪ʼÿ
ӵĻǾ˼ˣҩ֮һζѪѻڤʯΪҪܳʱŻѰҵģڿƺǲ̫Ѱ
㲻ǴѪѻϳɣ
ţħ֮дһֲ
ٺ١ԵĻȥһҲʲô
һţħһţ۶ʱԲ¶˾֮ɫ
ˣ
ţħһֻźݺݵزʮֻķѪѻĺ
Ҷû˵ת꣬Ȼͷų
ھϴεģʱָ֮󣬱øӾӴһʱ䣬ԲķΧʼҶ֮С
ɺԵĳӺۼѵĸɽ֮ð󡭡
һʱ䣬ӰӳҶ֮С
ǾʱһɿֲȴҶע⣬Ⲩ֮дǿײζ
ʲô
Ҷ΢
ܿ𰸳ˡ
֨֨֨
һҵĽ֡
ֻһ޴ƥһСɽС֮С


1531 ֮
һֻʷǰķѪѻ
ϵĲд̫ž۷ĳ̶ȡ
һԺɫĳ򣬳ǧףչӶɫ硣
󣬿ֲıһɺɫ˫Ŀ׹˸ͬʵĹһ㣬䳹أϢķѹƵĿռĺϵĲ
һֻ޴ޣ
ʵǿᣡ
֨
һĺУʱħ죬ѪⲼأǺصǦƺҲһŭʼƿһǦƣ˿˿ĺڰԡ
͡
ݡ
ţħҶС
Ǿ޴ޣţħ̲סֹ
ô࣬²ſԻ۶ɰôĻ˵ãѪѻڤʯĻᵮģߣεľ޴ţүүǰҲֻǱ΢Ѫϲ̨׵ģ
Ҷͷı棬һ˼ӣ
ڲų֣˻ǳֵġ
Ҷϴһ˿֮ɫ˵
Ļոյ£֮ϣѸٵĳһֲĲ
䡭
һʼγɣһ·һʵľ޽һ㣬ʵԵ棬˺ѵΧʼ˿˿ѺۣΪȵɵЧ
ʲô
һţħ̲סʧ
һţ۶ʼ˸ž㵵ĹȻǿˣһǺεȵơ
ɡ
Ҷﻺؿ˵
𣡡
һٴεĴ޴ķѪѻͷ˳ֻһεĺвͬһֲֿѪϢ
͡
޴ĳʼӶ
ʱķУ·Ƿ籩һ㣬ƽؾصľˡ
˿ֲľˣ·Ҫһûһ㣬Ǻܿģһķȴٵľ𣬷赽˿Уһ˹ȥ
¡¡
ʼ
ֲ棬ǲǿߵĶԿ
ˡ
һĲ֡
ֻ֮ϣһֹƯ
һë̬Ư
̬޴󣬳ǧףʥĻƣǱľʯǶš
⡭ôʹүıĺ񰡡
ţħ̲סֹһֻţӲϵչԼţޡ

̫ˣ
ԵĻҶǺ뽫Ѿ˲Ȼ˳Ե
ǿеİסǱߵҶ˵
Сĵ㣬ҲӦ÷ˣ⣬ƺǺҵΪƣ˵ãǰ
Ҷ൱ࡣ
һµĴԪһ㣬Ҷӱ֮б˵ȴҲСĵ£õ˶ԷС
ҶӣţħҲ̲סĵ˵ͷ
ﰡӦԶʱڵˣǿѪʣôһοǷˡ
һ˵ë״Ưд˳
ǰһεĵĺðֻҪƷľѪǵΪٴε٣Ǻķ˴ȴҲֵˡ
ٴε˸
Ȼˣֹһλ
ǵãôڵˣӦǴ˵֮еķѪѻ֮ţڷѪѻߵȺ֮УϵѪѻڤʯõĻǽõҫЩ΢ǣϴοʧȥ˺ܶıһһҪ䳹׵Ĳ
ǰһεǸʵǹ죬ȻΪԭʼķʽ˾˵ĳ̶ϣãǸ٣ǱǸˡ
ȴҶĺţħһ⡣
һȫɱѾǸӵĿֲͲˡ
۶ԷͼΪΣҶ˫ĿȴѾ˿˿ĺâ
Ⱥˣ
𡭡
һʹನĺ
һֻ޴ķѪѻĳȻһֻ
ʹ֮Ȼķһֻ޴צƯ￪ʼץȥ
һצ֮ͬŭؾˣֲ𶯲ĲƣЩƴ𣬴Χѣѡ
ֲצӻû˫ȻץסƯ
ã⾹Ȼһ̫ž۷ķѪѻߣǵ޷ȥܶεĳ
һֵ
꣡
ʱģë״棬˵ĹѺۼ
ȥץȡΣᱻ˺ѵġ

ڲ˺֮
һӰֳ
һɫļС
һļŹϵķģ˸֮УȻѸٵľۼ
γһɫĹ⽣
⽣ȻĻӶȻٶȼն˷Ѫѻĳϡ
͡
ԴɫѪʱķ
ɵúã
ڲ˾ϲĻ
ѪѻһĲҽ֮һֻצȻǿеٴʩչ
Ȼץס˴ˡ
ٶȿľˡ
ž
꣡
֣˵ϣķĿʼŷ
ƺڵֿŷѪѻѹ
ǴʱķѪѻʧȥһֻȻض֮˺޵Ҫ
ҵĻӶԼеһֻ硣

ϷķУ˶Էϣ˽һײ
ײεȵľ˺Ϳֲײ֮вĿе
ۡ
һѪ޷ƣԷ̲ס
ͼȥ
һĺ
еĹ⽣صؽӰΧס˷Ѫѻ
ʱķѪѻҲӣƺ֪ԼˣԴʱѾ˶ػһ֣һѵʼ֡

һĲҽ֡
Ǽһϵļб˺ѳΪƬ˵Ǳ⽴
΢ȥɣ
ļ棬ȻļһâĹݺݵػ˷Ѫѻ
ʱѪɽѪѻֱӱһȴҲʱ̣ٴεץס
꣡
ݺݵش˵ϡ
⡭ƺֻڴ첻𾳵۷徳ѣȴƾֶȥһѪѻԿ
ţħ̲ס˵
һţۣ޷ڸǵľ֮ɫ
Ǽв򵥣˽ӦñǶԷԵʣ
Ҷ컺˵
ž
򿪣һ˿ٵĳ棬ȺˣϷ˸ҲǴž˵װ
һ˿һ޴Ĵͷһλųһֳֹ⽣
ѪѻڤʯѪѻڤʯ
ֳֹ⽣ͻȻָŷѪѻ˵
ֻѪѻ棬һĨѪɫĹâڳ֣һöֳεѪɫʯ
ˣӣķˣһʲô
ֳֹ⽣֮ˣ촽ܱ˫Ŀһ̱̬ʱ˷ܵĽš
˭
ͻȻֳֹâ񵶵Ӵĺ


1532 
Ҷͷ΢
û뵽һȺ˵ľԾȻôǿԼţħصôΣȴǱԷˡ
үġⶼԷ֣
ţħˬһЦ˵
Ҷһ࣬Ҳ˹
ԭʼȻһԭʼ񡣡
ֳֹ⽣ӣм˵

ţħϸϸľ׽֣Ȼ̧ţͷ
ȫҶ
ߵɫʱһ仯
΢㾹Ȼң
̲סĺ
ϴ޷ŵɫƺû뵽ţħȻôĴ󵨡
ܿȴ¶˾ɫҲ˵ı飬ֳɢɹâشӸ¶̰ı飺
˵ޣһﾹȻѾͨˣƷԵĲͰһΣȻôãôı
һ̫žɲǿģһӵֻд첻𾳵ΪȫĿֱɱ
ֳֹâ񵶵Ӳм˵
Ҷüͷ΢΢
ԷһһӡһһĽţʵвˬĺܡ
ߡ
һߣȻǰ̤
䡭
սӰֳϵսʱıŷ
ۡ
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1533 
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1534 
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УҲֻһųǡ
໥ϵһ𣬹һųǣ

뵽˰˲䣬ǰһ޴ĹųǣҶ̲ס¶һĨ𺳵ɫ
һɫĹųǡ
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ȻһţѹȴҶ˲ĸоһִѹơ
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ͷɫţʵڴ̫ž۷塣
ǿֲֶȴԺʹ̫ž۷ǿ߽а塣
Ѫʵͼ̫̫ˣѪ϶󣬾Ȼּһвˡ
εĲŭץ
ԣ㲻ҪүôүſͰݣ㻹ĸſ찡ôſˣүſ
·
һʱ䣬еǿǣ׷׵Ŀʼ·ˡ
оΣκεһ˶޷󵽵ġ
ѪʲôʵǿϵĴ찡ţħòȥһֻѰҰţˣҲǵͼޡ
ѪȻţħǰû˿Ļ᣿
䡭
ţħٴεĳӣݺݵزѪԴϡ
𡭡
һΣĲҽ֮УѾһ˿Ϣ
ҡ
ڵѷӦ˹ŭĺ
衭
ţħһŭ𣬵صѺۺ޾ƬֲϢͬһ㣬˶Է
үģҺţүүа壬㲻Ҫү˭˭
˵䣬ţħȻ׳
þˣһɫħɽ
ѩɫţȴԵĲǷƷ
â˸ӣڸеˡүʳ

ŭ
ֻţħû˿ԥֱӵһ
ѪûеȵӦ㱻Ҷһȥ
ꡭ꣡
ζľ׽֮У˵϶ʼ¶һĨͲ
ֳͭĻսʿǴžޱȵı顣
һڵˣʲôţħǰƨ
á
һţħŻֹͣ˾׽ϸǴü̬
ζǴŵ̲̫Ц
ޡ
һ£ǧƵļ̾Ȼ˳
һʱ䣬ٴεľˣ


1536 ߣ

֣һööļ̣·ǵ˵ϣѵһ㣬Ĳ
еˣ޲㵵ĿҶţħǿţħǲϾ׽֮е̬ʵпʼһ¡
޵ʵ޵Ľ뵽˴̫žΪķˡ
ţħӣȥѰҰţҲֻǴһЩѣôôǿ
һʱ䣬ϸĿҶ죬·Ǹոյʶһ㡣
ҡҵı
ĺ
ּ֮У޾ѪͷϢ
䡭
˲ı
ѵȻ׳һ£˲ıǵ׸ߵĳ̶ȡ
һ޴ħһ㣬һֻȭͷݺݵسҶţħֹȥ
ʱţħԷǴ˲١
ڵ޵Ȼ޷ȥĺͶԷԿ
͡
˺֮ﲻ
ȭͷ˾˵ĹâںɫĹâųȥ
ǿռ䶼ʼĿʼѣγ˳̬ɴ˿ɼһʩչԵǷǱѰǿġ
ǿۿžҪţħˡ
СӵʵҲˣֻߵΪǿѡ
ϧˣôǿĳշĻǾһ飬޺
˵Ҷȴû˵෴ֻھؿһˡ
ۿţħҪѹסˡ
ҶڵһĨ⣺
ߡ
ž
һֻ̤㣬̬һȭӶȥ
µ棬
ȭͷǿ֮
𡭡
һſµһʱ䣬Χ޺޶ԸоԼһĲ
á
ʣµһ𣬴ĺȵ
ޣųŭ
ҶߣһעȭӶ
ȭȭӡ죡
Ҷзĺȵ
һף
ûγ״
ͣ
ʱ䣬һ̷·Ǿֹһ㡣
ҶȭͷƺǶסˣΧȴڶ޵ˣڳ񱼣ֻҪٹȥӣɱҶǰ
䣡
ֲˡ
ȭȭӡ
ɽ緢һ㣬һȭȻԭľֹ֮У˲ĿʼĴǧĵز
ɱ
ȭͷϢȻļ׳
ôܣ
ѵд󺧡
ٵҪ
ڵΪʩչѧ׳ٶ϶ܵƣ޷ȥӦҶڵٶȡ
꣡
ơֱۣ׷׷ѵ
ۡ
һѪ
ҶƲһ㣬һֻźݺݵؽ˵ϣ

䡭
ΧɢĿʼı
Ҷȴڴʱ˲ĽţħϽŰ˲ͼ֮У
ң
еĳ֡
ɾݺݵĻҶ
ߡ
Ҷƺһ
߲⽣֮𡢿ռ֮壡
ľѧʩչʱ޵ҶԭѾУԵܵشǾ˲䣬ΧĿռȴһľŤԷȻ˲ʧԭء
ϵˣ
ǲ޵һ˻ؿ˵ϴ޾⡣
ļҲˡ
Ȼֶβпᣬ˵ĸȴ൱ĺãͬͭǽһ㣬޷ᡣ
ʱܵˣܵˡ
ɱСӣģѴȥȥ׷ѰǸ֣ѵƻȵĿܣ׷
˲ƴ֣ɱ¾˺ܶĴԪ򣬵ﱻٵҲûа취ġ

޵ĵ˵ͷ
ѣ˲뿪
֣ҿ㣡
Ҷٶȼ졣
·һһĿʼնߡ
ǿ£˵ٶȣ󵽣ܶ޲֮УӳַУڼҶٶ֮ΪǴǿߣȻѡãҶʡ˲ٵ鷳
þԪÿµҶ죬국ôõĵطȻñү֪
ţħŰ˲ͼ֮У۴еĺ
Ҷüͷ΢壬ʩչͨ
ұ죡
ʱŰ˲ͼ֮Уһɿֲγɣ֮ϣʱγһĺƣѹǣǦƣ׵衣
Ҫ
ţħһµĽǺܿγɵ׵翪ʼΧסһ
ûţħĺиţҶٶȣɱøѸ
ߡ
о˱ֲϢڳԼҶһǺܿȴоԼıһĻʹ
ÿµȭͷղѾ˿ռ֮ˣȭ绹ǲҵ塣
ҶЦ˵
ľ֮Ѹٵߡ
֮γɣ֮УʵʣѸٵҶܵ˺
ʹĸоʱʧ
͡
ٶȶʱĿʼøѸ͡
ֻ֣Ǵ첻𾳵ΪΪʲôôѸ٣
ϴ˿˿֮ɫĽе
һﲻ򵥣˵ҲŨĺܣǿ£ѵ˵ǹǿ߲ɣ
һ˿ʼ˵
֮е϶ʵǿ㣬·һ֪˲Ż˽⵽Ŀֲ˴ϻ쳣ʮֵڹ۲죬еҡ
ĻзжϼҲ̲סĵͷ
ܣ
ȴûͬ⣺
˵ǹϼ֮ˣȻ߰ĺܣҼǹǿߣҲû˱̬֮͵õϢˡ
׷Ѫͫȫû˿ӡһﵽ˭
׷ɱɱ֪꣬ˣ
һĺ
ɱ
Ҳʱһȴʼ䳹
ɲ򵥰
ƺǴһϢ
ѵ˵ǸһĴ˲ɣ
ӺˣǸһϢߣ±֪ĻԻŭġ
໥Ľ֯һ𣬷Ľ
ߡ
һߴ
һϢı
ٲȻħ֮˫ݻγһа˫Ŀһ˫ĿעҶ죬ȴԲ
˶ĵϢһǷĴˣһˡ
Ҷһֻš
֮Ѹٵߣü֮۹ļӳ֡
͡
ʱΧһг׵ı
䣡
֮ۡа۾
Ķһ
ÿµһɱ⣿
Ҷһ䡣
ոյǶԷΪʲô˿µɱ⡣
ߡ
֮۷ʩչ
˭ҡ
޼ޣ֮棬˸ޱߵȻݺݵذΧסһ
Сˣ
һĺ֮У顣
ߡ˭һأ
ǾʱһɿֲȴҶٴεɱ


1537 
ɱ
ŭͬףըĿռ䣬γĿռѺۡ
ŭںģһ޴ɫѾɱ
ٶȷɿ죬ٵľˡ
ֵҶ춼оһϢ
㲻ˣ
Ҷһ
޹Ȼ򵥣ȻԺγǿ̲˿˿ȻҶҪȴҲΪ֮
ЩһǣȻԴ֮򵥣
о֮Ҷ첻ϲ
ڵֿٵĲ
ɱϵһ˲䣬ʱһ֮Ҷ֮С
е֮Ȼʧȥ˿ƣڣһֳֻǹȻ˴ˣֻҪǹţĽ
ֻԵҪС˲١
ҲҶĵط
ʧȥ֮в
ȻҲʧȥĹؼ
ɡ
ĺ
ߡ
Ҷһ˿Ц
䡭
֮ҶѸٵһ٣󣬾ȻԳ˸ղٱٶȻһʧ
ôܣ
޵¶޷ŵɫڱ˺ѵĿռ䣬ֱӵĳˡ
һӦĳؼؼɿķػһµС֣ȻԽǵƶٶȣֱ޷󣬲󣬿µļһС֣һҪնɱ
˵ѺǾۼĲ޾ɱһԽС
һ˵
⻰жȥϿɡ
ȻδȴҲܵشģǼ̵ǲѰңһ߲ⷽԲķΧġ
ĺ
ǲĻվһ󻼣ʳѰɣһҪɱ
ѡɵܵ˵ͬ
޵϶ȴ¶һĨĵǣ
ڣļ壬ڹؼʱڣйϼѾµĴһʥףļҲڲϵ£óȻĳ֣ƱػΪǷйĿ꣬ɣһ¡
⡭
ɫ΢䡣
Ȼȥ첻µز£ȴҲаյǰ½еġ
Ͼֻ߸ˣǿ󣬿ȴҲûǿʵ͹ϵļԿ
ϵļ㹻ǿԿĹֶΡ
˵ĹµĻеЧӲҪ˵սսǴ֮бӡʥףЩһѾ£⾻ʯڶεĿǸְ
϶˵
˼ܣ˵ȷʵ
ﻺؿ˵
ϵıȴΪĲġ
İɴ磬һСܵˣ޷ӳ̫ԶҲҪһأǻʱȥҵ˲ǹϼˣҶԷ֣ӦǵӵԭʼˣһӵԭʼˣܹʲôƼ֮УҪյĶ̫ˣΨһǿĵط
˷׷׵ĵͷ
䡭
Ҷ·һǳһ㣬ɢž˵һ˹ȥ
ϵļⶼ˺ѳΪ⡣
ȥҿѺеһ˲ûڵ޷ͶԷء
ҶЦ˵
һУء
ҿҶڵľҲǽȣǰĻƶҪ²ɣڣֻǼʱ䣬ϵѾ
ĻҪյľޣǳֻûġ

Ҷ΢֮ۿһСĽ
һŷʽĽŷɫǽڣΪؼǽ棬һЩĻƣһ𣬹һ
ЩһȺŤޡ
ŤȴǶģ෴ǣγһȵӣ൱Ŀɰ
ҲУ
Ҷ̲סһߡ
˵ı֣ʵҶһָоԼǲδ硣
͵Ҷƶȼߡ
ˡ
Ҷ쵱ϵ˵
߲
ռ֮
ںһ𣬶ʱĻϢһ㣬һ֮⡣
µķ
ԶԶĿһʱҶ쵹ûиоǽĽӴҶȴоһĲ򵥣ŷʽһ̵ּĽɡ
ûа취ҶȴĿ⽨棬һԪйɵıȥٴȻ󾭹ڲص󷨼ȡ
ɵķʽѾڶ츣صЧˡ
Ҷڿʼ϶סˣǸų֮п϶Ǽ
ãĻʡȥҲٵ鷳
Ҷ΢ʩչ֮ٵıߡ
ΧоһһֲɹɵĿʼɨţֻҪԵ춯ͻᱻ֡
ΧЩ֡ǲ֪ƣ밡
Ҷٴε³֮СĽ˽ڲ
͡
뵽һ˲䣬Ҷ쾹Ȼǿеĵ˳
ĵ涼Խɵģ
Ҷ̲סĸо˵İܼҡ
ΧЩװΣҶ̲סһֹŹֵĸо
װΣÿһǳľ
Ǻĺܡ
ɣ⽨ĺܣǽڶǾĲɣҶֽǼƵĸо
ûʵĺܡ
ǡ
Ҷ̾ʱͻȻģҶ쿴һ
һöɫȭͷС֮
ﱻһľʵϡ
ȥۣҶȴ̲סв
ǡ

޷Ĳ
ɫ֮źܶĹӻƣиӴһ˿˺ѵϢ
˵ϢǷ㹻׵һ˵屻顣
ӵҶ죬ĿԸоԷת

Ҷı鿪ʼԽŹ֡
Ϊﲻֻһʮ
ⲻζţʮ
ӵ
ޱȵĿӵ
ҶƴĲ˱һİڷžʮǰڷŵӣ⣬Ҳ˵һԷ
ҵǽ뵽һεȸ˼У
Ҷпʼ޶
ǿЩǿֶζһҪɱ˵뷨ˡ

һ˿˿ʼ֡
ֻҶһ࣬һֲﱻװΰڷΧ
ѣײݣʮʾʨȥī֮ľҹ
ҶѾ̲סγһO͡
һЩÿһֶƵ˼伫Ʒҩģϵ
򣬿ǿΪ֮ı
ҶٴεĿ˼֮ȴ֣
΢ϣֻмĳ̶ȣΪʲôȴѾ˳壿
Ҷ컹ںʱһ޵ĽȴݵҶĶߡ


1538 㡭ۣ
һƺʹ࣬ƺǻõӡ
֮㹻Ѫȼ֮дöһŮ˵
Ҷ첻ʲôӵĲʲô
֮Ȼ֪ʲô
΢΢ĨĨԼ°ͣҶϿʼùŹ
ˣǺ͵
Ȼ˵Ҷ첻ǼȵĺɫڣԼǰĿһⲫսǺܺģѵĿһĻƺҲһ¡
Ҫﹲһʱģ໥˽һ£ƺҲʲô
Ҷ츧һԼ°˵
Ǵһ֮дġ
䣬һ˸â˿ߡ
Щ˿ߣȥâҪϸ΢ں˿֮Уǳ֣һСģҲ޷ֵġ
һλλǿصѲš
Ȼˣǿǲҽ䣬Ҳӵ޷Ķ
Ůʦڵôǿ𣿡
Ҷ̲סƲƲ͡
Χһǿ¡
˵ʶЩģҲֻǽ䵱Сˡ
Ҷϣȡһλ֮˵Ĳ֪꣬Щǿ
ߡ
΢΢һ
Ҷٵ趯߲·ǷһӰ˸ȴѸٵĶܹЩߵɨ䣬Ƿ֮䡣
ָ΢΢һ
Сıˡ
˵ҶôˣְֲñүҲһ¶á
ţħʱŰ˲ͼ֮У׵Ǳ쳣ڸоҶΪ̲֮סĿ˵
㻹ʱĴɡ
Ҷǿ϶˵
ɫţˣ֪ʲôء
͡
Ӱٵ趯Ȼ˷֮С
ҿٵҵһصĵط
˫Ŀ΢΢ΧĻ൱Ĵ
һ䣬Ȼһٶƽ׵ĳ̶ȡ
ݳ޵װΡ
ЩЩص㡣
Ҷ˫ĿʼǴϿȥ֮һ˫Ŀ˲ùԲ¶޷ŵɫ
һŴȻԼϵĺ̶޷ġ
ɫı񴲣ڲѾױˡ
ȴΪҪġ
Ҷȴⴲϵˡ
ǽ֮Уֵķ飬˿˿Ļߣʵ˵в޷ڸǵ
һеķ˵Ů֮еĻǾ˿Խܵġ
ҼǲŮŮŮ֮໥Ҳ˽ܡ
κζǡ
⻪Ĵ棬еֻһˡ
һһŮӡ
Ⱥ£糺ɫĹѩɫĽӡ
ķۺɫѾ鲼˶Էȫ
ֲϵظţǴ
һҲ֪Ůʲô
Բ棬΢΢Ķ˲Ŀʼʿˮ
һŮˣ
ȻֻһŮˣ
Ҷʵһѡ
ǰ֮УŮҽϵĳҪҶ쵹˽ģϣǳ׵޾ȻҲˣҶһεļ
һ޳Ȳϵ໥Ħš
ȻŮѾﵽһּ۷ĳ̶ȡ
һ˿˿Ļ濪ʼҶȼ
⵹ҪĽ
κΣһĽǰϢĻûм˿Եֿסǿҵջ
ҶҲܡ
ȻŮƺǸӵ
Ҷ˵
ѵõĿһ㣬ҶֻſﾲؿŶԷ

һ˿Դ߳ܵĽڵĴ˳
ֻŮӵĽһĲ
˲ٴα

ĴϢ˼֮󣬶ԷҲشӴϿʼ
ʱĽ棬һ˿δơ
糺ɫļ˿˿Өĺˮ
Եջȴִĳ޷ȥڸǵĻȡ
һŮӡ
һԲĺܣһʥϢͿȥʮ߰ӣһͷ˿ΪղžҵĶʱѾʼ໥ϵһ
֣һֲֿʼڶԷĽͷ˳
Ҷ쿴൱ԷȵΪĻ֮Ե
޷Ϊѭڵǿ֮޷ȥγһĴѭȻҲ޷ȥɾԭԲȥڵƱػ࣬ĿʼγΪֲǵһڵ޷й
뵽ŮӸղŵΪҶ쵹Ϊ˽⵽˶Էôͼˡ
ЩԳΪҶ۵ɡ
ǰ͹µĽʵ˼¡
ԷȻĿȥᣬȴһͯվʡ
ǰһ⣬ӵķ󵽼¡
ѩɫļ˺飬Եø졣
͡
ֲĻâ˸
ʱһԳɫˡ
ֻʱŮӵ˫Ŀȴ޷ڸǵľ֮ɫ
ҶҲˡ
ΪʱߡĿԣ
㡭ۣ
ŶԷ֣Ҷʹʵ


1539 
߷ߣ
޷߷ߡ
ʱǽһᣬᵽ˼£޲õļ
һϴʱ˺ϼ
Լղʲô
Լղ£
ΪֲǣԼµʱ򣬱һ΢Ļ국˸飬һﻹһˣ
뵽Щȵж޲Ҫˡ
ݺ͵λεȵĸ߹˵Լ屻˿˸飬Լµ鱻˴˳ȥһ֣һİ򶼿ԴݵĺԶġ
ʱԼļ嶼˳ΪЦġ
ݺݵҧסһӣɫĴ꣬ȵǽһް
Ůȴޱǿľѧ
⡶ִ󿪴ϣ˿ûȻ˫ȴҲǱ޾֮Ҳʹڲòȥֶηйڵ
˭֪ѾľȻſһ䣺㡭ۣ
ð
һеĺ߿ȵϡ
һԿɰСɵ໥Ħš

ȵĽ΢ǹ˲ԼȫԹ̬һֻŭСĸһҶȥ
䡭
ֲĻ֮ͬĻһ㣬Ƴ
ȻֲȴҶעصĽ㡣
ֻʱǱɫΧסǰ͹µĽȴȫ͹˳
һԱ֮ϣӣڳҶɢŷϢ
һ԰׻Ĵȣյûһ˿϶Ҫ˵Ҷ죬κεһ˶ȥֿסջġ

ȵ޺޵Ľе
ȴ֣ʱҶ죬ȻһĿ
ȷе˵ڳ忴š
Դӣȵһĵ⣬ǸȴǷǱѰķŭ
ǽһް
䡭
һֲı֡
ҶڵķӦ˹µ֮ȴѾͻһ㣬ӡҶǰ
ʱһ˳ƵĽҶ˳ȥ
顭
˵֮£Ҷ·һöըһ㣬ȥһǽ档
ǽÿµĽɵġ
Ǵʱ棬ȴγһµѺۡ
ЩѺۣͷ·֩Ĺ
ðףô󡭡
ҶĽе
ԷֶȻˣκǿĺܣڴֲµֿģһĻȴԲǳصģɵֿס˶Էĳ֡
Ҫɱ㣡
ȵϣķ·ϼһ㣬񾱶ʼ÷ۺ쳣
װӡ
ŵµĻɣգʱ䣬ûΪһֲӡҶٴεĴȥ
ʱķ֮УƷʼѣǻΪԭʼ̬
ֲ¶ȣҶɫ̲סһ䣺
ס֣

Ҷǰͣ˲Ƕݵʱ䣬һ̣Ҷȴ΢΢ĴϢ˼
Ȱ·ϣٴ򣬷ûһϻ𰡡
ð
ȵһĺߣǽһİ
һֳ֣֣װӡҪҶӡȥ
һӡǣȥĻҶǿ϶ԼҲܵһ˺ģζؼǣⷿ϶ᱻģ⵹С£Է˵ĳ̶ȣȻһ䷿䣬Ҷȴ൱⡣
Ҫһʱġ
ⷿ䱻򻵵Ļһᱻֵġ
ȥɣ
ȴСı˹һĶԴǹұҪ
ڣ뵽Լ屻˿˲˵Լµʱеŭ⣬Ǽֱ޷󵽵ǿͿֲ
סְ
Ҷڵϣֵʱȴ֣ΧĿռ侹Ȼǿеڸסˡ
Ҳ˵ȵѾȫѹ
˳ǿĻҪͻǾԲܵ顣
ҶٴεĿһ۶Էϵһö˰
֮ʱע⵽ȫΪʱڼӳȵʩչ
һƼҺ
ºˣ㿴һΣһΰɣ
ȥɣ
Ȳٷϻѡֱӵĳֻɱ
ҲҲ̫ˡ
Ҷ̲סĽе
ʱǳֻǺͶԷײĻƱػ˵ģǰС椵λ϶򵥣ȻҶ첻֮ˣһôԼǰĻǿɾԲһµģԼĻὫǰŮ˵ء
ҵġ
Ҷ챯ߵĽе
һֻȻſ
צ֣

һţһȴҶǿеס˶ԷС졣
װӡơ
˵С椣øˣʶһ𣿡
ȵ˸Ż磬ΪʱҶһֻɶצ棬දš
Ҷ쵨ҷģп϶һġ
ǿŶԷǽҪɱ˰֮ѾǿĿʼȥ
ҧ㰡
С΢ݺݵҧҶļϡ



1540 ڵģ
Ҷﲻϵ³һޱȷŭԼȣ̲ס˵
ݻǹӲġ
ԼϵӡҶ̲סĿЦ
ʱȱҶס÷ֺ
Ǵʱߣ̬Ҫôжô
ȵһҶ䣬ȴҶǿеĿסߵӴһŮµƣڵĽѾڳԹ״̬
뵽ЩЩһҲ̲סıġ
ӲҪ˵Ҷˡ
оԼϣһ֮ȵ¶˷ŭɫ
ϵϵͷųĻͼҶ𿪡
ȴû뵽Ҷѹȥ˲䣬Ȼһǿ谭ԼĿʼ
ַЧǿ£ԸоԼǿеȥתĻ㹻ıԷķ֮˵ġ
ģһﵽʲô·
ȵļ˵൱Ĳ
ʶ۹ҲǳѰ֮ġ
ġ֮жľѧΪǿһ֣֮γɰ֮ˣȻڿʼʱԵÿ쳣ڴﵽǵҵľ֮ȴγͨԪһĵز
ȣȻŮ֮ơ
Ǵ֮еʥ壬㴫˵֮еֻܹ֮УŮȴǾԵûпܣ˵Ů֮ȴʥ壬ȻҲѧĲѡ
Ǿǿ֧֣ȴоҶȻԺԼ໥⡣
žžž
ǿϵǾǿʩչʼž֮
Ҷüͷ
Ů˻Ǿǿľˡ
ʱʩչԼǽֻһ
Ҷڵϵۻɷʥ壬ȻıԷҪǿĶࡣ
ͷ·޽ϵ໥ײʤɻǿһ
Խһ޽ֱǶѳڡ
⵹ҶҪġ
ž
һ֡
ȵĽһ޷ŵɫԲ޾ŭ֮Уʱȫıһ޷ŵĹâ档
ڿҶ֮Уͷ·ڿһһ㣬޷ȥš
ǺܿһʹȴԼƨ洫ݳ
㡭㾹ȻҴң
ȵıһ޷ڸǵķŭ͹Ź֡
ݸ߹˵ҲӵĿ£Ҫ˵Ǳ˴򣬼˵Ļܵܶ˵𱸵ġ
ڵĿǱΰ
Ҫɱ㣡
ȵĽе
һԿɰСٴεĳҶҧȥ
žžž
Ҷٴεĳ֣
һˣβˡ
Ҷڵı档
ǲģȴҲڰԵĽпĳͬСһ𣬿ʼ׳
ϾڵǱһŮ˸ס壬Ů˻һ˿Ƶӡ
ȻֻЩĻҶȻز̫ķӦģȴһˣҶƣѩĴţĸоʵпʼ
ѩ棬ҶĶ𽥵ķ˿˿ĲΪҶԵʿʼ÷ۺԽȻ
ҶĶһ߳ܵĸоʼȵ
߳Դϵָı䡣
ֹ죬ȴ޷԰εĸооһֲ²Ϣ
ڲǰոյ£иӵǿңȻǿеܣֻҪٴεĽмΣȸҿ϶Լһסģ뵽ԼȻһİӵǰ˵ΪȼֱҪ߷
С椡Σ
оȵķ𽥵Ŀʼ΢ҶǿеİסѾʼǵС磬Դص˵
ҪɱģһҪɱ㡭
Ҷ΢΢һЦ
Ǻܿȴȷſ
ȵ˸ĹâĴϢţƺƴŸղҶɵȴɳܵĸо
΢΢ĴϢ֮󣬶ʱһֻȻĻӶƺǴٴεĳ֡

Ľ
뵽Լ˫ȾȻһ˫ȣʵ⽿еĵطĺܡ
ٺٺ١С椣ڿԴ˰ɣ
Ҷıһ˿Ų֮ɫ
һɱġ
Ҷ΢΢ĵ˵ͷ
ŮӼҼҵģҪǿڱտڵĴɱɱӶ಻ð
˵䣬Ҷָ΢
оȻһöָһʯ
һöָ״ʯ棬һţڿ֮ȵȴ̲סı仯
Ӱʯ
ӰʯҶǷѪѻҵġ
һбһöӰʯ
ӰʯǰеĲ
ûκεЧȴǿ£ֻҪ֮󣬱һϢ
ҪĻֻҪٴεɡ
൱ķ棬ҲΪ˺ܶĵȥѧϰѧԼ¼Ϣġ
ȻҲкܶˣὫŵķʹá
˵ڵ;ˡ
ӰʯԿ¼Ϣ
Ǿ¼ľ벻óʮ׵ķΧ
Ҷ΢
ʱģӰʯһӰ
һ޵Ůˣַ裬쵽Լ֮С
㶯ǸɵҲ֪¡
Ⱥ£ΣԵĿκεһ˸оһѪڡ
Ȼ޷ԷģǵľһӰȴҲ㹻Ϊ֮ˣ΢΢ĲһĨȴҲ֪һλɫļˡ
Ҫ˵ûȫӰ񣬾һǲȴҲȵзޱȡ
ҶǵЦݣЦݣģģɱˡ
һ̫ɶˡ
ȲǷˣղŵһУҲֻʢŭ֮²Žеģڶݵʧ֮󣬿ٵĻָƽ
ɿĽϣڸסĽ
ǵҶеһĨѩ֮Уٴεĳֳ˿˿ŭͿµɱ⣺

ò˵һɫŮвһޱȿĵ飬ȻɫŮʵ¿·ǷκΣڵҶĲ¡
еѩס
˿˿֮״ջȵС㣬ʲô
һ䱦ˣ㼴ҪɱңҲбɱ֮ĳ̶ֳ˵ӦҲ֪ģûбɱӭģ޾裬ļҲ޷ȥģҺúõദð
ҶЦӣʱȵĿʼҵŤ޾ĻȷıǣһԳɫʱʼ˸˿˿Ļ硣
ڵģ


1541 
ˣˣİɣҪҵİȫ⣬ǲġ
Ҷ˰˵
ȵһĺ⡣
ǽһް
Լһİӿ˲˵ǿеԼƨɶ˸顣
ڻСΪв˵ֱܴ谡
ҶǵӣȵҧԵĻԼҪѾҧȻһڿڵóԵ
Ҳֻ֪Լ뷨ˡ
Ҷ쿴ȥȴǴϸԼҪնɱʱǲܵġ
뵽һŵİѱӵ޷й
ָоͺһȭһ޻һ㣬ϵȴ޷ԶԷ˿˺
ް
ԵĻǺ룬ʱԵ
ԼҲôıӲᱻ˷Լܡ
õҴС㣬ȻҪ£飬һ¶񣬶Щʱ̵ĶһļǣҲ᲻ĽǸʱҵĵλ»˴ļߣԼΪ˵ġ
һֽ֣˵ʲôµġ
һǿеĽҪҶҧԵĳ嶯ѹ
һѩɫĳȹĽټԴĽգһԱ˫壬ʵĸһСŮĽϸС
ŶԷһ԰׻Ĵȡ
Ҷ첻ɵ뵽˶ԷڲȻûдС̬вɵһȡ
ԷԼ˫ȣȻ֪ѾĵЩʲôȴ²˾Ųʮ

ٴε
Ľеŭѹ
Ҫ侲
һҪ侲
ͬʱİļһҲԴһ˿棬Ҫ֪סһΧĴǿߡ
ÿһλʵڴ̫žĳ̶ȣҪȥĽ뵽еĻҪķ޷ҪµĴ۵ġ
ҶȴɵĽ뵽Ȼȵк档
˭ΪʲôҪвң
ָһ˿ǵȣؿ˵
ȣҶ֮Դһ˿ܹͣԼĺŭ⣬ѹƵ̶ʵ൱£һСϵĦţҶ컹ΪԷѾ׵ķеŭˡ
ҡհĽзƺǱǳ֮Ϊӵɣû취ãӵеĳ̶Ⱥ͵λ˵ǵ鶼оģ˵ңһƵͺá
Ҷ쵭˵
ð
̲סн
ӵ
ôҲеӣ
ԼΧĻôǿߣһﾹȻҲϢĽ뵽ôҲ
ȻǰҲὫٵĴԪǿ֮߳ΪǶҶ죬ȴԵû뷨
ôǸо֣ʷǰĴ̶أ
ȸҪ˵˲䣬ͻȻҶ˫Ŀ͵ͷųɲɺ죬Ѫɫħһ㣬ϣ²ֹ
͡
һȻĳ֡
ֵĺǹ졣
·һһ㣬ϢȥϢ
Ȼһˣ
ȵ䡣
û뵽ﾹȻһˡ
Լ飬֪ԽԽãȻֵļһҲ֪ĻǶԼ˵޷Ĵ
ȵ仯Ҷ϶һҲ֪
ȴܹô˻ȥܣԼһ֪ĺãĻȵİѱᱻ֪ԼԵ޷ôˣοģԽ֪飬ѱ˺ĺԼӲӲ
ȵļҶȻĲ֪ǾǸɵҲԲ²⵽Էסĵط˵ĿֲλϾԵĲһ㡣
顭
һַֻɿĳ֡
Ҷ쾹Ȼͽֵȥսȥ
һ
ɫĳȴ쳣ǽ⣬·Ǽһļ񣬽ƴϸѰĳ˼˼ֵꡣ
ͬǶ߳һ㣬˳Ƶĳɱ
ߡ
Ҷһ
֮УȻסһĳ

ĺԼĴſµ˷ܡ
ȻһԼһֿµš
Ȼģⳤķǿ󵽵ģܹռ䶼˺ѳ϶ĳԵĲ򵥡
潣һӰֳ
һɫĳۣɷˣؿȴһʮֺۼ
âɱˣ
ȼĽе
꣡
һѵ֡
âɱˣûеʱ䣬һ̣ҶƾȻ˺ĳ
ôܣ
һ޷Ƶľ֮֡
Ҷûзϻٴεĳ֡
飡
һȭû֮ʼ񱩾
ײеϢ޷ڸǵ˺֮Ĵ˶Էǰ
һȭŵĵЧ
ȭȭӡ죡
һȭӡ죬еͣҶŻЧġ
ۡ
һѪ
˵ϵĲ飬¶һ޷ŵ
һУ
ȵҲ̲סһ䡣
ô᣿
˵סĽеǴɱ¾ḻһãٵĶǿеİסеľϵʹ࣬ʼͼ뿪
Ҫ뿪
ȼĽе
ҶȻ֪һ㡣
ǲô˻뿪ġ
򡭡
ڣռ򱬷
Բǧ׵ķΧȫı
һ̣ҶΪ˿ռ֮еߡˣ

˵ɫ䣬ûеȵӦҶٴεһȭ֡
͵ȻҶаսһԿռ֮Ч飬ΪԼʵҶ컹ѡԼȭͷ

Ѫɽһʱ䣬䳹һѪȵϢ
С㡭
һ󼱴ٵĽʱ֮УһӰ
ЩˣѪ£ա
Եػ֮ˡ
ڿҶ֮϶ʱĿʼ
ǿǾǸǿʼҶ¶˿˿ɱ⡣
Ҷû˿ĶһȺˣÿһλʵڴ̫žľ磬ǿһλ뵽˴̫žĳ̶ȡ
ҶӦҲǧգҪ뿪ĻȴԵĲһܵ顣
ȿҶϵı仯
ͼҵЩʲô
Ҷڵıȴޱȵ侲·ûиоΧֲֿϢڳԼһ㡣
һʱ䣬Ҳ֪ԼǷεĳˡ
˵ҶĻƺԼвͿˣ˵Ҷ뿪ĻǾǾԵ˺ˣðա
ɨһ£һһâɱˣʲôˣҰңڴˡ
˵ʱٴεĿһҶ죬ȴ֣ʱҶ죬ЦЦĿƺѾ֪еĴ뷨
ˣǱСѣ
Ҷ졭
Цˡ
ڵڿ϶ڣҶԼʲô˺ˣΪΣգ


1542 ҩ
ǡ
Ȼ棬Ҷ쵽ν뵽ģڿӣΧػǻѡ뿪
µʶһ£Ҷ
Ҷ컺ؿ˵
ڸղţɱλâɱˣѾҶƿꡣ
еϢȻҲҶ쳹׵յˡ
еϢ֮ҶҲ̲סһĿЦ
ң
ϸ˵ɲʲô򵥵ļ塣
һ塣
֮еĵλڰ֮УǶġ
սսѧԼĿƼֶΣεذסˡ
һǿνǳֲ
еĺܶϵǿǣһ֣һָǿԽҶѹΡ
뵽ԼȻвһǿߣҶж̲סĿʼЦѡ
ȡ
ȵ˵
һĿҶ죬ϵĦ¶˸âС
ΪʲôÿÿȥҶʱ򣬶оԼеŭڷȼأ
ȻӵĻƺѾʶˡ
Ҷһ˵
ʶð
Ȼûбֳǿŭ⣬һĿ֮еĻȴȼղϡ
ΪҵĴС㣬룬֮ӦûֱϵìܵģǣղƺǾһΰɡ
Ҷ컺ؿ˵
Ȼ㲻Ҫ̫лңҶǻġ
ǰҶ죬Ǻûʲô̬
ȵٴεĳ˿˿ĺߡ
˵ɣҪʲôܹӰӺ͡ҵĶ
ҧȻ˵
棬ǲϼ˿˿ɷ
Ҷ΢΢һɵø̾ҵǿ߹ȻĲ򵥣Ȼֵĵˮ©һڸղŵҲû˿쳣
ȴǱ˷˲Ծ
Ҷںǿ϶Լеİѱһȥ֮ӭĽɱ¾Ҿһһɱ
ȻԼʵΪţҶȴǲȥðա
ʱ˵ĻƺûʲôҪģҪҴСһʱ䣬ҵ˵ƺǲʲô˻ģţСڽ鷳Ӧûкܴյġ
ȵüͷ
һĿ֮УɱȻı˿˿Ļȼš
ĵλǷİ֮Уǳǿġ
һΣ˹ųǵıԵҲΪе˽Ҫȴû뵽飬һֱƾſµĵλǿʣΪŮ֮֮ȴҲܵ󵽵ӡ
Ľ֮ˣʤ
ϣʱ򣬲˿ġ
Ҷ죬ֻҶ죬һһμ棬㿴Լ壬ѡвԼ
ָоȻץ
ʱ䣡
ҧ޺޵˵
ԵĻĺʩչԼΪǿһ
ûãİɣźܿľнˡ
ˡҵ׼һ䷿䣡
ȵﻺؿ˵һΣҲΪǿҵһΣĸо
ɵļһȣץˡ
֮ⷿС
ҶΧ
ϵطע˹֮дģԪ֮ŨҪֲʮĵزӵԡ
͡
Ҷָ΢΢һţħǰԵʱĳ
үˡ
Ҷ죬ţħţ۲Ƶ˸˿˿ŭȻǱرŰ˲ͼ֮УΪץ
㣬ٶȿǼӿ˺ܶ࣬׵ļӳֺʹ֮£ƺǽ뵽˴̫žĳɣ
ҶЦ˵
Ǻܿ϶㾹Ȼһرǿֲƺһ򡭡һµ磬ȫµ磬磬ƺǺ涼ƣѵ˵Σ
ţħļʶǷȻŰ˲ͼ֮дŵʱ䲻ȴҲеһ˿˿ܡ
ǰɣȲѣǲȥͷġ
Ҷ컺˵
ţħصͷ
Ű˲ͼ֮УǸо˿˿ǿ߾·һ㡣
ţħ˼Ҷ첻ȥ⡣
ڵעѾǰ֮С
Ǹ߼Ļɫ˿˿ɫƶˮһ㣬治ϵع
ҩ
˵
ҩҶâɱļҵģıҪһݣҶ춼뵽ŭ̬
Ȼĺܡ
ҩǰһ֮Ըıһ޵ʣһ޵øǿϵļǣСıҩ֮УӶʵҲǿúܵǡ
˵ʱҶ˫Ŀȴ
ҩȻǿ£ȴһȱݣǾǸ
Ȼļ˽ҩɽȵǸȴҲɴ˲ȡ
һʱʹõĻЧҲ𽥵ļ
ҲΪʲôĹǣȻǿ󣬵սȴǵ΢ĺܣ޷ͨ޶Կ
ȣͺǻǮĸ¥һ㣬װελȴվĳһ߽ġ
ЩҶ˵ȴ㲻ʲôǿĺܣӵι̣ˣҩĳֱ֣Ϊġ
ҩɾҪĵҩ֮еЧҲǺͽҩּıϣֻǸ߼Ľҩȴ֪ؼͶǸӿµĽҩܹﵽεȵĳ̶ȣԼʶһµĻƺҲԴȡһЩԴмֵ
΢΢˼֮УҶҲ漴ĴսС
ţħѹŻû˵ҽ뵽ġ
һļһȻвҡ
ڷ֮Уǰһ޴ĻĻĳҶ췿Ρ
ĳ𣿿Ʋۣȴо൱Ŀ£һĸ˵ԵĲ׵ҵģ˵һֻﲻ򵥣óȻĳ֣òӰʯ˼ŭԷ
Ȼȥһ򣬵ǻȴǿ¡
ܿ뵽еĹؼ
ҩǸ߼ҩ֮еļƷеҩֲ֮ƺ㹻ĺѰؼҩԿóȻĽȥźá
뵽һﾹȻҴԼƨɣ̲סݺݵҧһöľ׽ţСҲǷΰϸ˼¡
Լ䣬ִĸоٴεĳֳ
΢죬ȸоԼϣƺǳһ˿޷Ƶ
ļһ
䣬ڵĻɣ޷ֿĻǡתøӿ
΢ֲĿʼ»һ˿˿شݳ֮еҶ죬ȵָоҲ漴øǿҡ
£ȾҲ뵽ԼȻῴһ˵忪ʼ¡
һУҶǲ֪ģ뵽˽ҩ˲䣬Ѿ΢΢Ĳ


1543 ΢
ϸ΢֮У͹Աʡ
Ҷڵÿһ缡ƺڽصĴһ㡣
ʹ˺Ѻľ֮γɵĻָЧҶ֮вϵ໥š
о֮䣬Ѿγһ໥߶̬
Ҷ˫Ŀû˿ı顣
ȴĳԾǽҩЧ
ֻǸ߼ҩ𣿡
ҩ֮вǿЧʵ˾ޱȡ
Ҳ̫ʾ˵ɣҩЧĵҩЧҪˡ
оڲϴݳҶ̲סü˵
εģжȻǱȽϸ̾ġ
ȴ֪ŪҩɲֻǼ򵥵ĸ߼ҩǽȼ淶˸߼е񱩳̶ȴԵؼ̶ϡ
ȻЩҪ˵ˣڵȶû뵽
͸ⷿϵֶΣȻ֪ҶڵΣֻڿŶԷڵ̬ʹĳܣ෴ǣƺš
ģһô¶飡
Ҷı֣ȵǽһŭ
㽫ҶĥһԳûֵĻǸá
ڵҶ죬Ȼ˫Ŀպϣ˭ҲԵĿóڵҶ첻û䣬̡̬
ѵ˵ҩŨ࣬ҩЧ˵ļʹ࣬յĿԣ
⣬ȾǱҲͬġ
ͣʵ̫ӵ˵㡣
һôͿԳס˾˵Ľҩ
ȵСĽе
ʱ˿˿ĺΣޱȵˡ
ȻЩҶǲ֪ġ
ڵڲϵĳ˼ţ
ȡõؼߵĽҩҵڷɿĻָţϵѾ𽥵Ļָԭĳ̶ϡ
Ȼڳ˼Ҷȴûһ̵ֹͣת
ʱ𽥵ĿʼҪ

Ƶ
ʺͿ̿࣡
ĸ
ʵϡ
ΪҶԽĸоԼϵ֮УҶҲ𽥵ĸоԼ𲽵š
ʥӤǴһַǱѰ
֮УʥӤ˫ۻ⻷һӵ
Դ
ؼʥӤƿ¿ʼϵıš
ⲻֻؼĻһϵĸǿġ
Ҷ˫ĿֵĹ⻪ڲϵ˸š
һƺʲô
̲סüл˵
ƼʼεķȴҲ޷һĵĻݡ
ˣȻ֪Ҷ϶޴ܣڵȴ޷ȥƿЩܣиоǰҶһ˲õ˵Լܹ򵽶Է룬ջ϶С
ΪĴС㣬Ȼų͹ϡ
һһţǿĽͶϣȻ˵ЩϵĴԪǿߣԺսսʥ׵ǿ󣬾ҪƼʵֵģһ϶İõĻδزüٴγɳһµĲϡ
뵽Щ֮ȵʼü
ͨ飬һƲ񷣡
ƥһ£
ǹʥһǹ
Ҷ򲻶ϵǿľѧԺ֮ͷų˿˿Ĺ⻪
ڵҶȴ֣ԼʱĿȥЩѧȴ޷ƿЩѧ
һ㣬һ㣡
зĺ
ǵģһѡ
Ҷһƿ֮УֻҪԼԵȥ򣬾ͿԳ׵ԼҪĶ
Щȴͬһһ㣬εذһ˿Ҷ콫ơ
һ㣬һѣ
üͷҶٴε˼š
ʥӤҲת˼¡
ǧˣӣ
һͬҶ֮С
Ϣ
Ȼǵ仰ĳ֣ȴҶʼɶ˲١
ȵȣû˿ѹûκεֻһȭһһǹһʩչͿԽһƿΪʲôֻһжѣ
һˣͲһˡ
Ҷ뵽һεľء
ţԼֻҪ˼еĵͿԼٴεĳɳһµĲϡ
εĳ֣ҲԼøǿ
ʲô
оϵʹ࣬Ҷ̲סüͷ
Щ߼Ľҩǿ£Ҷڱ֮ʹõЩҺӵĿֲ
˿˿ʹ֮УŵĻۺƶ
Ǿһ㴰ֽҶȴ޷ơ
ۻɷʥ壬ϵĴ̫žǿߣͻĻҲֵôǿĹֶȴ޷ﵽԼҪЧâɱ֮Уǿ߼䣬еһΣƿŰΪǿʥʩչģһεĳνɽѣԷʩչȴ޷ʥ˺ѷֺǱԷ˺ѵˡ
Ҷü˵
ȵȡΪʲô޷ȥԷʥףʥǿǣķģȴҲһ֪ȱݣǿߣһȭ˺ҪЩģΪʲôʥ׵ȴҪ£
ͻȻ䣬ʱһɿֲٴεķ裬ҶȻıŷ˳
͡
Ҷ˫ĿȻ
ϴ޷ڸǵ˷ܺͼ
ˣˣˣȻǿڹֶȴû̫ɱҶţѰŶԷȱ㣬һɱַʽܹķӳ
һȭһİ
Ҷ˫ĿȻȫϴż˷ܵɫ
Ӱ
΢΢
Ҷ˷ܵ˵
΢΢۲ȱ㣬ȫĽӣȻֵһģڳ֮УЧȴԵĿκεһΪ֮
Ҷޱȵ˷ܡ
ٴεĳɳ
ĸڼ򵥡
һȭһȫĿԴһС
ҶҲڵԴֵԷֵ٣ȴޱȵҪؼ似ѧ
ЩڣÿһֶȥǿֲʵȴֻǶԸЩǿ߶ѣǿȴû˿ɱ
ʩչ˰ӡȭȻ谭ס̫һӺֹʥϮȴ޷˺ǣڲһˣֻҪǼ򣬾ͿȫһżܣȻıǿߣҲԼһս֮
䡭
ƣ漴˺һ档
ĿֲʱΧϢʼطǷ
һϾʲôµܣεģһҪõһ
ȵ˵˫ĿǳҶؿ˹ȥ


1544 ֮ģ
Ҷı˷ܡ
ڵѾٴεһָϵһ˿ԴֵĶȥԵĿԼʵһ˼ĳ̶ϡ
΢΢ɶʥӤۣ֮ҵȻĿԷɿʱϵĳɳϵ㹻һ
΢ľ磬ʱΧ綼ʼòһˡ
ڵҶڿεʱ򣬶ԸоԷĴޱȵá
ϵİȫĿԸǿʩչ΢ľ磬νǸ󣬵ڣֻȴ޷ȫʩչҪǲ϶
ﶼŵ㣬ҪȥѰҡ
һۿȥ޷ơ
ͺһλǿĸܵشȴǿᣬһȭӶļϣδ˺ǿĸ˺һȭɱ΢֮£Ҳˡ
һҪúõĶһ
Ҷ˵
һȻ֮еһ˿˲ļһ
èƲƲ͵˵
ǰȻǲһЩڵ˵ȴҲ൱ѵˣֻҪǺúõİգɸһ¥ġ

ߡԶ
ԭԶôı̹ǣǴʱ֮ȴһ˿˿οͿġ
ȻһӲ

ҶȻĴҩ֮г
ϵļ⣬ʱ˸Ĺââ֮Уϵļȴû˿׸⣬ȴҲûкѰǿǰ¡
뵽Ҷ㾳֮һһʽĪصڱȴ֡
ӣ
Ҷɳͽı־
һһصĵطһƬƽǽڡ
ǿҶȴ¶˿˿Ц⣺
ôõʱˣǲǸóˣ
ߡ
һߴ
һĹӵȻ˳
ȻȵͲ󣬵ȺҶ죬ȴû˿ķӳ
ļһȻ֪ڿ
뵽ԼһŮˣȴȥһ˵壬һ˷ˣоʵȵޱȵķŭ
ҶЦЦӣӵץޱȡ
СӣȵŰɣ
Ҷ֮ȻĿԿΧһУȻⷿĿЧܿ£Ƕ˵ȴͬ衣
Ĺ֮ģһʱ䡣
âɱ֮˵ļ䣬Ҷ˽⣬ѾҪúܶࡣ
֮ģңǰһɫ
ͨǿĹƳҡ
֮нģĲֱӵĿԱ˲ٿء
൱µġ
Ӵĸоʵֻаٷ֮ʮĲࡣ
Ҷ֮ģұΪܹõĴԼ΢Ч
ܣ
ҶĻ֮ȵʱһ䣬˷·Ǳȵβ͵Ұèһ㣬ĻԼֱۣ
㲻Ҫôߣ
ҶǵȻ
ⰡҲֻôһ˵ѣǽ֪ġ
Ҷ˿ûиıı飬ȸоԼķζҪըˡ
һ϶ǹġ
ȻҶû˵вζѾǲԶˡ
ļһⱲҲţ
Ҷ˰֣¶ʤߵЦ˵
˺ˣİɣҲĻҾ㡣
뵽ԴɬĽҶЦƺǿʼùŹ
ͣĹ
ȵٴεĴ
֮ģңȻЧҪĵǴһֺľʯ֮ȡģҵʵǿ󣬵ȴЩۣԼڱвǰʩչġ
ļһҪץİѱ
߳һȥʱŷʽҲһˡ
һˣŲϢȺ
Ϊһˣ֮д˿˿Ц⣬Ц⣬崺һ㡣
һͷɫĳԵøҫһӵˣһ㣬Χʱ·ŮӺߵıϱԿĳ
͡
̤⽨Χ׵ķΧ֮󣬶ʱһѸٵ˶Է
ߡ
վߵһˣ׷׵һߣһλŵɫ۵ߣӵĴ˿˿ɷܿ
ϴŹϵϢݿ࣬ǿݵȴ֮ͷųޱߵĲ
һʵһ㣬ѸٵĳܴԼǿ
ǺǣλҵĲҴС̸Ӧ֪ҵݣα˵Ķҽ䱸
һ˵ĺǵȻ˿ľܾ
ǺǣԭҵĶӡ
һЦ
һλݿݵߴ̤
ϵɽ纣ǱѰ̤һɽһ㣬˿ս⡣
ǰû뵽Ȼ򡣡
ߵĳ֣Ĳɫ΢΢һ䡣
ǰâɱˣȻҳҳְɱǼС㣬ΪСѳ֣˵ûᷢʲô飬Ҳˣ˵Ǽǿ˽䱸
ȵѣ֪ȵλۣȻ˵ֶΡ
⻰Ѱѯʣʵȴһ㺬塣
ЦЦĿĲ˵
ˣһλԵѣ
һʱĲ˫Ŀ΢΢˫Ŀ纮Ŀֲ⣺
𡭡ǺҪʶһһλѣ


淢飬Ҷȴǲ֪ġ
ʱǰһӰ˸
ЩӰӣÿһλóΪ˴첻۷ľ硣
Ѿһ֮ģҵǿ̶ˡ
Ҫ߼һЩģý뵽ҵļڲſԣҶţԼǿеıȣҲԼҪĽġ
ҶڲΪ˲Լʵ෴Ϊ˵첻۷ĳ̶ȣƫбá
һǾŵɫӰӡ
ÿһ˿˿ĺâȻ֪ǼٵģɢĿֲϢȴҶ쾪ޱȡ
͡
һӰ֡
ʱģҶǰһûеȵӦʱЩӰȻĳˡ
Ȼ˵ֻǴ첻۷ĳ̶ȣٶϾԵĳ첻۷ľ硣
ľޱȡ

һȭҶؿڣʱһɾʹҶɫ䡣

ĺһ
飡
ٴεһɴҶļܵشݺݵش˳ȥ
һʵôô
Ҷı֣̲סü
ǺҶĳֵġ
âɱˣҶУһж߲ҲҪ˵ǶԷԼҶ֣ѹƵء


1545 Ĳ

ҶﲻϵشϢš
ϵ˺Ҳڲϵࡣ
ЩӰʵȻؿɽ
ڵȴѰŶԷ㡣
΢ľ㾳硣
˵ҶѹԼʵ
ѹƣϻϡ

һȭӰ֡
һȭӰ̲ŴСʮ߸仯仯֮Уչֳпʼļӳ
γ˵Ĺһĺۼ
ЩۼνǿǷǿҶɫ΢΢һ䣬Ϊ棬һεѾɱ
ͻ֮ư磬󿪴֮䣬޲һǿ
ģЩӰȻֻд첻۷ľ磬ʵȴҲѰĴ첻ǿҪǿܶ࣬ٶϺֵĳ̶ϣǿ̫ˡ
Ϊ߲ЧҶͱͷˡ
ߺߡ⼸ˣģ˰֮еļӯǿ߼¼ǵĳֲпǷǴ̫žǿ߶ڶʱ֮дǡ
ҡǰ۵Сţȵ¶˽͵Цݡ
Σ൱ڴҶ챻Ρ
ǸӵĻƺҶԼеõĶԹ黹ġ
ˡ
΢΢һҶ˫Ŀɺ챬һĨԺ֮С
漴Χƺʼó

һ˿΢Ҷǰһĺۼ
һȭ繴ճĺۼͲչš
һĨӰٵıŷ
ﶼԼתɡ
ﻹʵ塣
޲ˡ
Ҷ˫Ŀ˿˿ĺâ
ݡ
ӰȻѸٵһ
ϸ΢ʱ̵ĿǶΪһûж
𣿡
ֹš
Ҷ㶯ֱûûʲô
ǣͻȻ֮䣬ǰȴȻһ䡣
ž
ȵ̲סվ
Ҷ쾹Ȼ⼸Ӱĳ֡
ôܣ
д󺧵Ľе
ڿʼʱҶҲǵĳ֡
ÿһεĶȴԵûڵɣǼӰĳ֣ҶӦߵ֣ȫĺӰһȴһҲûжġ
ߡ
һĺ֡
Ҷ߲ٵ趯

ﵭĺȵ
˫Ŀɺ˸ųĲϢ
ô£һͻȻʵǣ˵ղһֱʵܣʵȴҲûа취̶ֳȵġ
ֻҶ֡
һȭж֣˲ˡ
ֻһȭѰ
֮ģȻֻģ˶ԷʵȴҲŶԷߴųɵ
͡
һżϢɿıߡ
׵Ĳ
ͷųĲ·ҪΧʼš
ߣȻܿ죬ͣȴѾҵȱ㡣
ҶЦֹ
ָ罣˸
ͣ
̶Ħ֣ҶȻ˳ŽٵĻָɣȻһš


һͲˡ
ȵﲻĵĽе
ٵʩչͨת֮ģҡ
ٵӰ֡
ЩӰеĺ͸ղŵĺӰ£еСٵӰȴһֲ֡
Ѿһ˿Ȼˡ
ôĺӰҶһ˿⡣
΢ľ磬Ѿ˲СȻֻһ֣ȴѾˡ
Ǻǡ
ҶĵһЦ
һ
ʱʼԴԴϵ
ղҶѹԼʵﵽԭɶѡ
ȫѹƵѰĳ̶ȣʵĿ
ʱһɹɵͻɽĿʼ

˺
Ҷͻ֮УĿĿ¡
ֶοȥʮֵļ򵥣Ѱĳ֣ȴľˣȻûһĺӰȥҶ쿹ʮС
ǲһбֱӱɱˡ
΢
΢
΢죡
ڶݵʱ֮УѰҵֵȱ㣬˲ĳ֣ٵնɱ
ҶĳٶҲʼøѸ͡
ȵϹ޷ڸǵľ֮ɫ
һղװİɣ

Ҷ첻ĴԴʼԴԴϵԺ֮гֳ
ЩǿʱΧԪʼıŷ
𡭡
һŭ𴫳
Ҷ쳣·Ҫһ㡣
֮಻Ĳ
ž
ڷ·һĨ˺ѵˡ

Ԫȡ޾ļӳ֡
첻𾳵ľʱı
ٴεĽף
Ҳݣ
ȶ̲סıֿ
û˵ս֮ͻƣҶľԽԽˡ
һһﰡ

΢Ҷ컺߳˹֮ģҡ
СſȣҶ¶һĨЦ⣺
㶨ˣ߰ɡ
ߡ
ȵһ
ոյ߳˹֮ģңһȴѾϯ
ȻţǿĲȴҶһľ衣
ֻһڳΪһˣݿۣʲڿ֮¶˿ĵЦݣ
áþòˡ
˲Ĳ˻˭
ڿĲ֮ȵ¶˿˿ɫ
Ĳʲô
֮޲ֳ˿˿Ȼһﲻôܴ
ãôͲܹأҪˣ֮Ĺϵɲһء
ĲЦݺˣڿߵҶ֮ȴ¶һĨ⣺
Сӡ˭
Է߰ĿҶ죬֮д˿˿в֮ɫƺֻҪҶ˵Ĵ𰸣ͻҶһ
һҶȻʶȴҲޱȵ
ǶԷʢ˵Ϣ߸ϣ·һλһ㡣
˭ʲôϵ𣿡
Ҷ˵ŶԷӣڿһֻһ㣬һ޶ĸ߰
˭
ҶĻĲ̲ס¶˿˿ɱ⣬ԡ

һǺܿȴ¶һĨЦݿҶ죺
ҵˣ
꣡
Ǹһɫʼһı仯
㻹Ѱ򰡡
ȣҶЦ
˴˱˴ˣռôıˣѵ˵㶫Ӧõ𣿡
֮дŽթЦݣҶһ漴һѱסﵭ˵
ȵˡ
оҶĶȵ϶ʱһ䣬ȴ޿κΡ
ǿĲ𽥱ĿȵȴɺǿģڿҶ֮жʼø˷ܡ
ȻҶĲǼ򵥵
Ҷƻȵ΢΢ĸţоĵԣӭŶԷǷŭ˫Ŀ˵
ϣѾΪҵŮˡˣϣԺҪֵҪ֪ܴŵġ
ɱȻ𡭡


1546 뿪٣
Ȼ֪ĲıʱΪȺͶԷȴɲһ¡
ֻҶԼĴ㡣
ԲǷԷ
оǿֲɱ⣬·һâһ㣬ԼǰɿĿ裬ҶҲʼһʵоޱȳԾ
ڵҶΪ첻ľ磬ȻĶǿߵĸӦޱС
ֻԵĽӴѣȴѾо˶ԷǴ̫žĲ
˵һʵȻ˵Ŀ£˲򵥰
΢΢ĸ֮̾УҶһֻȴʼԲϸ
оױȵĴУɫʼ쳣
ļһ㾹Ȼ˵ĵϷң
ȵĺ
ҧ޲ýҶһĲ
ȻҪ굱⵲ƣȻҪջһЩϢˣһʵǽ뵽˴̫žĳ̶ȣʵͶԷȽϲǼʯͷ޷ƥеģ
Ҷ֮Ҳ˿˿ĺ⡣
Ȼ˵֪ԼȷʵĲȴҶϲ˵ơ
ܺáܺãСӣĺ
Ĳǿеİסеɱ⣬ĳҶ˵
˭ĶԸоѹжôľ˺Ϳֲ
һˣϾҲû뵽һŮˣȻὫԼĵһη׸ҡ
һΣ
仰ڵȼըҩ
Ĳеɱ⣬ӵĿʼÿ쳣
ߡܺãȣҲܺá
ĲĿҶȣ˫Ŀ֮еĺѾʼΧĺ⿪ʼޱȴ⡣
ž֮ͬѵľһʼ
Сӡſ֡
ȴĲ뿪֮ͻȻŭ
һֻѸٵĳҶץȥ
һòȥֳ˸̬·ϣ·һλϼһ˿Ĳ뵽һλɲĸǿߡ
һ֣ΧԪȴ·ߵٻһ㣬Ȼľ
ֲϢҶͷƤһķ飬ϵ·˲ӳ˯֮һ㣬Ȼը
һµľ
͡
ס
ȵĽе
ҶСѾܹ㣬㾹Ȼռҵıˣ
Ȼ֪ҶԼİѱҲ޶ȵģҶ쾹ȻҶĲ˵ԼŮˣνǻһ
һ
뵽һﾹȻ˵ԼϾ֮ˣеķŭ
ߡ
Ҷһ˿⡣
߲ٵ趯
һǧ֮ͷš
ħߵӰصر
ֻת˲ѣҶȴĽ
ߣС㻹Ҫ뿪ﲻɣ
һҶܿԼĽеŭȼյĸʢ
֮Уâʮָ·Ľһ㣬˺֮粻ϵ
ҫµĹ⻪ķ
һʵȻŴ̫žΪǴﵽ۷ľ硣
ϣ
ΧŲ
˲ʱ䣬ʼҶΧ˹
˵С椣㻹Ҫ˺𣿡
ҶЦЦĿȣؿʼ˵
û˵вҵģҵİѱȴҲԵĲΪĸ
һĹ⽣γɡ
⽣޴ֻԵ趯һζεиۼȴѾ֮пʼ˸
ϣ
Ҷָ΢˲ĵֿס˶Էһ¶һĨЦ⣺
Ů˼ҼҵĻڼֻĺãɱɱĶôĲŮ
Ůð
ӭҶһ͵Ľ⡣
ݣ
Ҷָ΢ָɽݼŵ˸ȥ
ž
һţеĹ⽣оʩչ
Ҷ컹Ҫֵʱ̣һ˵ľȴѾĦΧĿռ䳯
Ľˡ
ҪŵˣӵĲҪѧɱɱ򡭡ģ
ߡ˵ãϷı㳤
һ㣬ϵ趯
ҶٶȴѸ١
΢
ԶһС
ȻҶڵ΢Ҳǿ󣬿ȴѾԴﵽԼԤڵЧ
ɷ֣֮
˫ֻۣһɷٵľۼ£˫ݺݵسҶȥ
ҶԵȥӴһ˿һᱻǿֲġ
ݡ
ҶӰ˸̤߲ٵ˸ȥ
ɿ˶ȵơ
һ˫Ŀ˸ǻ۵ĹâٵĿʼŶԷȥ
΢ϵĶ
ֻһۣƾŸղŵĶҶѾ˶Էһıڡ
ν΢΢ǿԶһеİҵĸ
Ȼֻһ˿ȴҲ㹻Ĳ
ȭȭӡ죡
Ҷĺ
һٵҶйעɢ˿ɲϢٴα
ߣССĴ첻ҲҪҶԿ
оҶЦ˵
С𣿡
Ҷ˿˿⡣
顭
䡭
һȭӳȻֱ˶ԷȭӰ
ôܣ
޷ŵĽ
ȭͨ죬ȭ˫˿ȥԿ
ȴ֪ҶѾһ˿΢ĲȻֻһ˿ȴҲԶ쵽ȭȱݡ

ҽ̤㣬·һ㣬ͨһɿµĲ
ң
û뵽ҶٶȾȻôѸͣǻûеȵӦѾѡˡ

ʯ׷׷裬ҶĽļѣһȭصĴļϡ
žžž
ɫ䣬û뵽ҶٶȾȻôĿ٣ѵĻٴεľۼѾ̫ࡣ
ֻת˲ѣҶȴѾƮȻ뿪
С椣үˡ
ӰѵգȻ̤Уʧ
ġ쵰
ȵɷף
޷ڸǵŭ⿪ʼ
һÿ¡
ɫҲÿ
Ǽ֮УѾһ֡
ȻеĹʼˡ
С㣬ϱһļֵ޷ƣССȴǿʵ
˵Ҳġ
ȵϴ֮ɫ˵
ڵҶʵ̫ˡ
뵽һﻹӰʯԼӵĲܹŹһ
ġһҪɱ
飬һᴦġ
΢΢Ļ֣ȵ˵
΢΢ĵͷһգ
ʥ׵ĻһնɱСӣá
Ļû˵꣬һĽȴٴεĴӷ֮д˳
Ҷ쵰㾹ȻҵĶȫˡҪɱ㣡
˺ѷΰļݵĺԶԶ


1547 ɱ
ٺٺ١Ȼ̵ôĺö
Ҷϴſ϶ɫţħЦ˵
һΣǽǼһﳹ׵ĵˣĻƺ̫עˣϾС椵ļǲ򵥰
ţħƲƲɵ˵
ţðĿҶҩӣȴ޷ȥ򵥵ıӡ
һΣʹˣĲļ岻򵥣ҵǼ֮һҵλأȼȻܹҵƣҲΪ֮ģʹˣ˵ôҲֻڱˡ
Ҷ쵱ƣɻҶΪ˵Ľ㡣
ĲӶմȾ֮ģȻػ˽Ҷ쵱ԼĴС
ĻҶĴ൱֮Ρ
ڵĲߣȻҵˣҶˣοһŵĲʪЬģǸҾͲ¸ǵɫ
ʵټһ˿΢ľ磬ҶĵҲ㡣
ߣؿǿӲĺܣͶԷԿҶСĻǸӵĻݡ
ҲҶ뿴ġ
ȥģ
ţħЩҲֻ˵˵ˡ
Ҷ첻µز£ţħǸ޼ɵ෴ǣϲ޼ɵ硣
У
Ҷ˫Ŀ𣬿ԶĿ˵
âɱļ䣬Ҷ췽˺ܶ࣬ܶõĶȡˡ
ǰ֮ϵ䱦
żǴֱ֮۶
ǿޣԽǿصܱԽࡣ
֮ΪֲˣȻֻһֱۣǾ̲ŶԷļ־Ѫ
õĻĸ
ȻؼֵǷ
ǽһ֮ǿߵֱ۵ɾһĪ裬˵裬ڽǿߵϼ̤ˡ
ˣܹ˵ʵзޱȡ
ҲΪԭ򣬵¾еȵ
ȻҪ뵽ˣǿӵŹ˵ļ˵ҪȥԵĲǼ򵥵
Ҷ콫ȵĶȫ˹Ȼضⷽ濼ǵ൱ˡ
¡¡
ͻȻ֮䣬Ҷţħոʮ׵ʱһ޷ȴ˲ĳ
ݡ
ҵ²ϣ֮䣬Ҫסһ㡣
оǿı仯֮Ҷţħɫ䣬ȻҶŲٵ˸
䡭
һɾҵʼ¶£·ħһ㣬ݺݵسҶԭڵλк
һǿ£ΪҶĶѸ٣Իᱻǿֲһˡ
Ҷɫ䣬ΧĻ
ʱĿռΧһеĻʼ仯
ָоͷ·һƬˮڲһеһжʼģ쳣
֮䣬ѾγһԵĿռ䣬ҽռĵط׵ĸˡ
ս
Ҷ˵һҲʼıȴ
ϸ˿˿⡣
ս磬ƼĲ
һοռ䳹׵ĸұʩչĿռ䣬һθĿռٴεͷų
ͷŵĳĿռΪѾǶˣȻΧĿռ룬磬Կľս硣
òԪҪС٣ĻѵõԤڵЧ
ǾսȴһԵĺô
Ǳзκ飬綼Ӧġ
ҲˣһЩɱ¾飬ھս֮неġ
Ҫһοռ䣬ԲǼ򵥵飬ҾսʹõʱҲ٣Լһӵʱͻָġ
һӵʱ޷ȥƽԼҪ飬ǾͻΪʱϵԭ޷סѹսҲ֮ѵ
ԳȲѣٻ˶ȴֺǼߵľսġ
û뵽һССϾȻԶҵһ
һ
֮д˿˿ɷᡣ
֮ϣԴͷ֮УֻһλݿһĨЦ⿴Ҷ졣
֮Уޱȵ
û뵽㡭
Ҷﵭ˵
һڲǰոյļ
Ĳߵλߡ
һɫĳ趯ƮݣȻû˵ȴ˿˿ɷǵϢ
Ƶɱȴޱȵһ綾߰Ϣ
Ĳİɡ
Ҷﻺؿ˵
ȷʵɵȴֺɵѡͶԣ㸶Ľս磬һӵʱȥһЩʱˣһǾ·ĺá
Ҷص˵ͷ
ӡһҲǹģȻǲһңֱ
͡
ӰȻһµâ
ʲô
ߵ̲סľһ
û뵽Ҷ̫žǿߣȻеԼս
ʵڴ̫žľ磬ȻֻǳȴѾҶ̶ȿȥֿˡ
㾹ȻѡҶԿԼ𣿡
䡭
ոյȥȴû뵽ǣһѾŵ硢⡢𡢱ȵǿԲϯ˹
ôô죿
ߵд󺧡
͡
ͬľݺݵسߵǰ˹ȥ

Ҷǿֲ̬˲оԼܵһĪơ
ŭһʩչͨȻĴһ
аħ֣

ʱĳֳ
һɫۼһ𣬾Ȼγһֻݵצ
צԹ̹ǣһȥ׵ĽӴԸоصǺεȵĿֲ
ҶȭͷȴܣٶȸӵѸٳŶԷȥ
Сӣһĺܲңҵаħ֣۵ĺ⣬޷󵽵ģӴһ˿ᡭôܣ
ﻹû˵꣬Ѿʼ¶һĨɫ
ֻҶȻıһƣȭͷĦſֲٶȷıŷȻƥĴɫצ
ɣ
ҶЦ
ڶԷǾ㵵֮УȭٲεѸ͵ĳϴȥ

ߵɫ䣬ͼҪȴû뵽ҶٶȾȻѸ١
ʮ߶صķĻƳǴŵĹȴƺǿԺķһ㡣
ۡ
һȭ֮£Ȼ˲˺ߵһ塣
ǰһ޴Ѫ
Ѫɡ
ôôܻ
ߵ޷ţǶ£ȫ޷Ҷôǿᡣ
ʵ֮жǿˡ
ҲˣʸüʥףһΣΪҶ̫СˣõʸûУԼһָͿ
ȴû뵽Լһδ⾹ȻĽ
ûʲô̫ԭֻܹ̫׳ˣ
ҶһֻѹסԷԴﵭĺȵ
ɻ꣡
΢ʮ߶ơ˵ǳ֮ȵĽϣٳҶһɱ


1548 У
΢ľϵĲ򵥰
ҶϴһĨľϲ֮ɫؿ˵
Ҳǵһκʹ̫žǿɵؽ֡
˲ҵ˶Է㣬ĳ֣͵˺
ȻɱһҶȴ֪Ҳֻһκˡ
̫žǿߣںܶĵطҪǿܶġ
ΪԼãټԵУԼδؿһɱ
΢΢ֻҵȱ㣬ҲǸԵЧһߣ֪ǿߵ㣬ʵ̫ĵ΢²Ҫ˵ǻɱԷǿǿߣᱻ˲ѹġʵʵ
ҶĽĽһϵһߣĽһӵţħ
ϧһļ֮Ѿ˿ԽӴʥ׵ʸˣκΪеԵʣȻûдϣϧϧΪʲôأ
Ҷ̲סҡͷ˵
Ƿӣʵ˷ָ
һ޴ı֮С
һӰٵĳ
֮УĲڵĺŲ裬¶˷ɵĺɫ
Ǳ΢ļһӦѾɱ˰ɣߣһı΢ѣȻŮˣȻ֪Ǳȸ˻ԭ򣬵ҵŮˣ㾹ȻҲȥ
뵽Ҷ쾹ȻҵԼ棬ȥȣеŭ̲סĿʼȼղϡ
ɵļһҵѾʬ˺ѳΪƬˣȣ´ΣҪܾҵĻһ׵ˡ
˵䣬Ժ֮вɵóͯվС
һʱ̲סĳ˿˿Ļȸо
ˣһὫõ֣Ȼĵ̵ģ֪ⶦҴС㣬ʲôζ
͡
ȻģűˣӰѸٵĳ֡
һ˱⵶ϴ˿˿ɱ֮
ʲô£
⼸˵ĳ֣Ĳüͷ̲סȵ
ӣʹ˱նɱˡ
ʲô
һĲɫʱĴ䣬޷ŵĿŶԷ
ž
һֱֻӵס˶ԷĲӣĺ
֪˵ʲô𣿡
ӣȷʵ䣬ʬ嶼ˣϵѾˡ
˵ɫǺ죬Ȼ۾˿˿ķŭǸȴǵӡ
ˣȴ˵
ôܣôܣ
Ĳɿ˶ԷĲӣﲻϵ˵
ص߶ţϵıȾŭ
ѵǸСӲɣܵģҿĳֻд첻Ϊ𾳺̫žŲԽĺ蹵ʷڶֹԽɱǴѾˣֻһССĵѣܺҰǿ߶Կģⲻܵġѵ˵Сӵıһ˲õǿ֧֣
ڰ֮УϵļҪȥһ˵Ļһѵ飬ҶڸոյĽǲĦȻҪ˷֣ǲ̫ܵ顣
ӣĪǼĳģ
λСĵĸԼĲӣӵ˵
Ĳ˫Ŀ΢΢͵ıߵâ
Ҳ顭ڵߵҲҪ˭ɵģǸСӣҵŴ
ӻǱȽϵ鷳Ǽһɱ֮ƱػΪע⣬ҪȥоǲˣҪȥҵҪĶǲ鷳ġ
Ҷ΢Ԧţħٵı
УȻΪƽﻹǿȥģϾҲһۺԵĴ̣ܶıﳤڵЩҪʹá
Уƴޱȡ
ռܹλҲ
ȥͷ·һԵͻһ㣬Ʋĺܣˣ
еıȻǿפԭ򣬵棬վһͬսһС
ǴǿߵϢ㹻ܶˣǾеػսʿ
ҴСˣҵ֤ǴСҪһЩŪһЩ
Ҷͳȵ֤ڶžػսʿ˵
ҵĴС㣿
ҵȻ˶Էע⡣
սʿǺɵĿҶһۣȴܿĿҶе֤
һöͷƬâ˸һķߡ
ǰ֮е֤
Ҳһ׵ıǸӹؼ֤ͬһڲŶԷǮ
˵һ֤֤п˫صĹЧ
Ȼ㱦ҲֻЩǿ߲ŻӵУ˼УҲͬѡ
ȻҴС֤
˵ӰȻλݶµĺܣиڶ࣬Ҫ˵Ѱ֮ˣǿ߼˶ȥ׵ǶԷġ

Ҷװ߰˽ȥ
û뵽⻹ǹð
вϲ漴ıǰһиסˣ
ȡ군ˣ


1549 ͫ
ʯ
Ƭľʯ
ȭͷСϾʯͬһСɽһľްԾʯҶǰ
ȻѾ֪еǿ󣬵ҶҲû뵽Ȼ̶ֲϡ
ҩϵҩ㺱ħ֮ǾĹľٵϵ֮ÿһֶ˼ļƷ
Ҷ۾Ҫˡ
û뵽ıﾹȻôĶࡣ
֮С
ɢѹ񽣡
Űһꪡ
ɫħϺɫ·һС
ɢԼѹռ֮УϵļţΧſֲѹڲϵѹƣ˿´һ£ᱻ˺ѳΪĩ
ôγɵ⾳㹻ﵽ̫žǿߵĵزˡ
ȥӴѣӵĲҪ˵ѹˡ
Ǽˣȴһ˫˫ȵڿЩ
˵һֶ˵ޱȵĻȰ
ǿޣһµıսٻɣںϵ϶ȴﵽ˼ߵĳ̶ȣ»ὫԼսϣһֶôֲ֣
һ˿˿ŨڴһƬֲľʯ֮ͷų
찡Ǻ龧ôʮ׵ĸ߶ˣ龧Ϊľʯеһ֣Ϊʯ֮еߣƥֻһȭͷС龧ȴ㹻ų޷󵽵ǿ̲ţô޴Ļжô޴а
ţħĽ
˫Ŀʼ
ţħҶ϶ʼ¶һĨȵɫǺܿȴϲޱȵĿŶԷ
ıҶȻĲġ
ǶҶ˵һ龧ȴǾԵıޱȺı
Ҫһζҩı龧龧֮ģ龧֮龧ľڣ²ûдĻôһƬ龧Ե龧֮ġ
˵뷨֮£ҶҲ֮ĳŶԷ˹ȥ
Ǿʱһֻ֣ͬĳҶķʼչȥ
ž
ֻ֣ײһ
һ
Ҷɫ΢漴ĳŶԷȥ
һ޶ҲһλˣʹԼʮ£ݲף
һ˫Ŀͬǹһ㣬˸â
ϸϸĿȥâ޾а
ԷƺҲû뵽Ҷ쾹ȻҲһƬ龧
һͷɫĳ΢΢һһԻɫ˫ĿسҶ쿴˹ȥ
˫Ŀ֮УȻ˿˿ص
һﾹȻһͫ
ߣһҲһֲмɫҶ죬ƺû뵽Ҷ쾹Ȼῴһ
˵񿴴ҲԵҶЩ
һƬ龧ͫˣ
ӵﻺ˵
ܵȴһֿµƣһͫɢ޷ĿֲâҶ˹ȥ
ʱޱѹҶѹ
𣿡
Ҷ첻ÿɷ˵
ǼСҲ
ܵƺûܵԷѹ˿Ӱ졣
ͫɫ΢ٴؿҶһۣû˵վߵһˣȴѾ¶˲м͸߰ɫ
Сӣ㾹ȻҺǼҴ˵ǼСʲôˣѵ֪аʥ𣿡
аʥ
֣ҶаԵһ
û뵽Ȼһ
֮УҲֻģлҡҡһ塢ҡȵȹϵںǵļԿ
ͫҵһԱҼͫӣΪ֮𣬱ͫͨԴϻۣ޷ǿ֮£ڶݵʱ֮УΪ˼֮кպǿߡ
ұΪδƿء
һСȻػ˲ҼøӵĲ
ǴԶǵˣûκεһλЩҲˡ
Żɱ̫žĻԻʷ
ΪֶβпᣬټΪ˿ɲһʱ䱻Ϊаʥ
̫ž۷壬ңҸоŸӿµֶΣ𵱳ҵǸϼһӵÿֲ
ҶаԵ˼ţȴû˿ĸı䣺
ңΣƺҲ
Ѿ֮ĹϵޱȵĸӣҶҲںҵԼĵơ
ңС㣿ȵ£
ͫϴһĨء
ȴˣȻһŮȴСͫЩԲԷ

ҶһȻ˵
ʱѾע⵽ͫһˡ
Ͼһͫɲʲô˶ӵеġ
ҺС˼ˡһ龧Ȼ󣬵ƺѾֻ龧ϵˡ
ǰһ˭ĻǾζԼļòˣһϵĶԿ
аʥʵΪа죬˵СҵΣǵò
ߣðɣҪ֪ҵĴС㣬Ҳһ֮˵СòĻȥԻܵϳ͵ģҵĻԵĲòģǱɱˣҲȵùȥܵͽ䣡
һʱ䣬Χ˹Сֹ
ȻСҶͫǿ֮ˣȻؿΧ˵
ʱҶͫɫʼ仯
ڵ߿νﻢˣ˵óһƬ龧ǾζԼļԷļСˣòˣϵ⡣
ϵ⣬Ҷǲģ˵ĻƱػ˻ɵݵġ
˵ڻûнȵʶڲƸ֮ǰ¶ݣԲһ¡
꣬û£ôôİųˡ
뵽Щ֮Ҷ̲סһջ
ߵˣȻҶ˵ķĪΪʥ㲻ɣ
ͫͻȻ̤ĺ
һɿµɱ⿪ʼ
ѾҶ죬Ҷ쳼
ߡôͫﶯ䲻ɣ㵱Ϊҵ˺㲻ɣ
Ҷ˲ϴž˵ŭ⣬ƺܵĪ裬ڲ·ھĳֿµѹ
۵һ۱Կеè塣

ͫаԵĽһ
ҶһУѾ˺ܶ˵ע⣬ĸˣչ˵µ
ҲǴʲôҼڶѾҪܲסˣ̫TM쵰ˣɳܰˡˣû°ɣ˰ɱˡ
ţħĲҽĺ
һͫʱоԼķβһʹ
Ȼ˵Ҷ죬ȴԵû˵ĳ̶ȡ
ţħɱѼӰĲҽӵĿɺޡ
һȴѾɢ
ֲͬħһ㣬ˡϡײ֮
ǷھͫõĲҪ£
Сӡܺã
ͫҶ죬ҧгݵĽеǿţħǵ̬иӵĿʼɱ⡭


1550 ץ
磬Ӱɣ
ͻȻ˵
˵֮ˣеһλ߹ܡ
Цݿ䣬ͬһշ㣬Цݣһƽ׽˵ζ˺ѲС
УͫҲҴ⣬¶һĨĽ֮ɫ
ţǿĺ̨ҲΪʲôǵ֮ǿ߶ϱ۵Ҫԭ
ʱ򵨸˵ȻܵǿߵİԽڡ
ڿԼٴε΢΢һЦ漴Ҷͫ˵
λȻһþֶΰɡ

֮һֹϵֶΡ
˼ǣһڲ֮бʮеĻԲȡ໥۵ֶΡ
λߣԳΪⱦߵ
ǾĵʸֻһΣҲ˵һӮһ֣ҲûзĻˡ
áǾ취
ͫЦ
ҶһϵĺˮƺһĨε̬ؿ˵
Ȼ˵Ļֻܹˡ
ţħƲƲ͵˵
СTMİбµȥ˵СȥᰡǼֻһˣѹһˣгɾ͸𣿡
Ѿˡ
ȻСֹţȴҲúܶĻ
֮С
ޡħޡޡȵȵĹкܶࡣ
ܹ˵Ҳδǿ󣬺ܶǿǻۣȴС
ţħҲֻǱһǻ۸ߵħ޶ѡ
ѾĻȴʮǷ⣬޵ͫ
һҪնͷĶţ
Ȼ뷨ǿңȴɲõĻᡣ
ﵹر𡭡
ǹµ¶һĨЦ⡣
ǳأȫҶǳ
ţħСֹ
Ҳ֪⻹⣬ǱǹˣʱշϱһĽӲ
һݸ̲סĸ̾һʮ㡣
Ҷһѵкţħϴ֮ɫ˵
Ǹ˭ǿʼɡ
Ǹ˭
̲סһŹֵĸо
õһаʥȻΪǸ˭ʵһֹŹֵĸо
ͫϸǱѿҶһζ˵Ѿҵĺﵽ˼£һɶһҪƵĸо
ǺǣλԼед
кˣӣ˵
֮УҲԾԪΪΪ֮ͨ
ȻľԪҲһҶȴں
ӹ˶ԷдֱʣӺһɿдһּ
ЦӯӯĿͫ
ҶЦ˫Ŀţʱͫһ㶣
ߡ
߷ߵĺһٵдһ֡
СӣһˣԵˣʥǲĻŵġ
ҶĶߴͫ
ֻһͫݺݵؿֲɱεȵ
½ӹӡ
֮ͫɫʱһ㶣Ȼеִľˡ
ͫ¶Ե֮ɫ
СӡˣһΣʥӮˣȴҲŹһ豾ʥˡ
ޱȣ˿˿вѾвһеζ
У
ţħӵķ˱
΢΢һٴεĿҶӡ
ʱùŹ
ؿҶһۣƺû뵽Ҷ쾹Ȼôд
Сӣ䶨ˣû˵ҺͱʥᶫǵһȴҲһˣ
µϱԽĹŹͫ¶Ǹޱȵɫ
аʥˣ˼һΡλ˾һƬ龧
ʲôôܣǿ϶һģ
һͫʱľ̲סĺ
ϵ¶ƺ޷ڸеķŭ
뿴
²õľԼеӡ
ͫڹµĻһ裬Ƕе裬ͫĸо˲併䵽͵㡣
Ӳ󣬵ּȴԵޱ

֣
ֻ֣
ǿ֣ȴͫһ׻
ϵѪɫ˲ĸŨ
ףôͿԳΪһεľʤߣǾף
µı˲˵
аʥˣעԼԴǣǾΪ͹ƽУûɹĻõջȥ
ͫҪ˵˲һȴȻıŷɱ⣬ȻĴ¡
ֲϢ˲֣˴ɽݺݵػ
͡
ͫɫޱ䣬ȻĲ׻˺
ȻάϵžеǿѾˡ
ܺã
ͫǿеİסеɱŭ⡣
֪ڵԼֲ˿ĺô
һȥԷһὫԼѹȥģڸղţͫǸоˣǿߵ֮УѾ˿˿ɱ⣬ȻԼٲȥ뿪Ļһܵĳͽ䣬ǿԼıӻ
ؿҶһۣͫ˵ĴӵѸٵ뿪
ˡ龧պá
ٴεĻշЦ˵
Ҷ˵ͷһȵơ
Ѿһֵ֡
Щȴͫղдָ߳һ˿ѡ
ȻԷҲϼþյĵҶҪ̫ݣȻҲҵã
ˣ
ҶЦͬһ㣬εȵˡ
Ǻǣ໥Ļѣ
΢΢ĵͷ˵
ˡһΣ̨ͫŶԷǲʹưոݵģţͫġ۾ѾﵽһߵĲΣǽ뵽һƿ֮У˵龧ʮֵҪһβ̨ƱػԷɱ⣬ԻСĵĺã۾ҵĸѧԼȡϵľʯΪ
Ҷмĵ˵ͷ
лµѣ
ҲٶԣԷ֮Ҷ죬ҲΪղͫĳԲѷɵġ
˽˶ԹҲֻǵ㵽ֹûɲҪ鷳ġ
۾ҲԼȡʯΪ֪һǷȡ
Ҷ˫Ŀ˿˿â˼š
ܿģȴԼ뷨ѹŹ¼˵
һΣСҪһҪ飬Ҫıܶ࣬һҩ
µЦһ仨Ļߡ
ҶֵˣǺ˰
գĺôҲܶġ
ض֮Ҷ죬ٵѡ뿪
Ǿ뿪ãһȴ漴Ϊ׵ȡ
ǹڿĵļԼһεջȴȵĳ֣ʱƨƨߵ˹ȥ
Сôˣ
ɫƵĿŹ£ҧгݵ˵
ţһˡﹺ˺ܶĶ
¶ʱɿĵͷ
ǰһΣС֤ϵоԪѾȫˣҶ˾ϣе۵ĳ̶ϣ֪СǷ⣿
ȫˣ
ȵıùŹ
ǰȫˡ
ڻûת
⣿ð㾹ȻҵľԪȫĻˣĻ쵰
һץ˹µ죬ȵҪðһ㣬ĺ
ҶҺû꣡


1551 ɱ
һĴ۾ùԲǵԼʶ棬֮ӵŭ졣
ģҶ㾹ȻҵĿƬˢˡ국
ΪҵĴС㣬ԼݿȻԵѯ
֪Ҷ쾹Ȼѡ
ǿһѼ¼оźܶо۵ѡ
Ҷ쾹Ȼ˿ûбԼľԪ

еϵĦ˸˵Ŀ¡
С椵ˡ
һƽ̹Ĵ֮Уһһͷɫħţڿ񱼡
ţħҶ죬һףЦ˵
ȷʵ÷ˡ
Ҷǿ϶ĵ˵ͷ
ʵһˣС椲ƴ֣ȻĲһľԪĲƸģ˵ֻǰһ¶ѡ
Ҷǿ϶˵
ԻץҪҧҶġ
ǰǰôıζ
ţħЦĽΪһöɫĹʮ˵
ǹȭͷС
صķģÿһĶ·ǳһ㣬ڲϵߡ
Ѫ˼֮󣬽עһѰ֮γɵģ飬بŵĴţ˵ǿޣѪ嫣̲ޱɴ˿ɼڵõѪ̲жôľˡ
ȻĴ˵޷֤֮еǿȴԵоޱȡ
Ҷţħ˵ջ΢ֻý䵱һֲʳԵˡ
㱩˿ĻԵĻһҪҶĳ嶯ġ
ǷⰡ
ûз֣е㲻Ծ
ţħ֮󣬻ؿ˵
һֻһͨ˽ֵ
ճ˵ڵʱ䣬ӦûкܶģҶţħߣΧӰƺ𽥱ϡ
ҶȻĻͷȥ
Ȼ֣ڿʼʱļӰʱѾʧӰ٣ǰǿտһƬ
һ㵭
Ȼ޷ڸסߣȴ˿˿ıϢʼɢΧ
Ҷ˫Ŀ΢΢ϻػһĻߣ
ɫţƺǱ˶ˡ
ţħһţɢ˿˿ĺâ
ƺӵġ
ϵϢȻѹ˼£Ҷ쳯ܿȥ֮ۿٵͷţ漴ǰ˰׵ľ뿴˹ȥ
ɣ
ݡ
ƿ֡
ʱһӰҶǰ
Ϊ׵һˣᣬϢһ˫ͫɢޱͫ
Сӣٴεļˡ
ͫ¶ɫؿ˵
𣿡
Ҷ첻ÿɷ˵
Ȼķ·ںԼѽ̸
Ǿȴ֮ͫɫĸŨ
㾹Ȼ𣿱ʥõаʥ㾹ȻҺҶԿ龧ڵҵĴȱʥõĻ˵ÿԷŵ㣬Ļ
ĻȻû˵ев֮ȴѾԶ
ѵ㲻֪ҵĻƺڴҵȷԼΪļشв
ͫһĨɱ⣺
ǲˣ
ã
ҶȻһţһµţħıߡ
ϣ
һɢŰɫ׹âǹɿ趯
ʱĿռ俪ʼ
·֮䣬ʱ䡢ռ䣬һеһжڴʱʼγͳһ
ϣ
޴˲ıŷ
·֮䣬ѾһƬĿռ䱻ȫĶγ˷̬

оüһɱ̹ǵϢڳԼɢͫɫʱһ䣬û뵽ҶٶȾȻôѸ١
͡
˫Ŀĵâ
ٴεĸγ
貵âƵǽȴűħӿֲķâ
䡭
ǹâ
˲Ľ֯һ𣬷貵Ĺ⻪ӵΧʼų
ͫߵλǿߣ޷סֲײߵĺײɵ˳ȥ
˵ֶΣҲҺͱʥԿ
ͫ˫ĿȻһȻɢ˸͵Ĺâ
ž
Ҷѩǹʼ˵µĲ
ƺЩܲסɿֲѹ
ҶһĨЦ
𣿵ǶԸߵˣȴ㹻ˡ
䣡
ȭ˲ĺɱȭ
ȭƥͷ·ɽĺɱȥʱֱǼ˵
ʮļӳ֣ȭȭӡȭϢȭ⣬ʵһ㣬Ƿ档
ۡ

䡭
Ѫɽй䣬Ӱûпܷסֱӱɱ
㡭
ͫû뵽Ҷ쾹Ȼ˵ķ
ĳ̶ȺΪԼĵλҪҪʲôӵ¶ԣԼߵЩ£⣬Ҷ쾹ȻԼ棬ȥɱԼ£仹ֻһ첻С
޷Ƶĳ˱ŭ

˫Ŀ罣˺Ҷѩǹڵİһһݺݵײȥ
ߡ
Ҷһȴû˿ı顣
΢΢һҶǷ֮д˿˿ʹƻػָԭƽ״̬

ŵϵĲ֫ͫŭٴεıŷ
ҶСɱԼ£һ裬Ī衣
͡
絶ָ罣ԷȻת⾳͵İΧ
ݺᣬޣһʱ䣬Ҷ쾹Ȼȥ֡
衭
ţħŭһһħͷų
ƺƵƣһɾıҵħݿĴΧĿռ䣬ǹǣͫ⾳ûܵ˿ʧ
ߡ
Ҷһ裬ȻţħϷɳ

ͫŭҶ̬һĿϲӴ˿˿ıƺǿҶ켴һ㡣
˫ִޱߵʼ˿˿Ĺâֳ
䣬ֻƿǬһ
һĹʼγɣѹ
ڿնҶ죬ͷ·һһ㣬֮У׸
ȥɣ
һööķĵ֮ͫͷų
ûΪ֮ˣͬɽһ㣬¡
úˣֻҪԵĳֳɷա
͡
߲Ȼ̤㡣
һǧ֮ʩչ
΢
Ҷ˫Ŀɺ죬ͷųǻ֮ȫ˶ԷֶΡ
ݡ
ӰٶȰٶȣֻǺȴѾ˶Էǰ
ôܣ
ԼĽЧͫɫʱĿ䣬ʧĽе
ûʲôܣ
Ҷ⣬˫Ŀͷų
䣡
˫ȭճ磬ݺݵشͫţ


1552 ʥס֣
꣡
ֲ֣
ȴҶһ
ȻĶȥ
͡
ֻڼ΢ʱѣҶڵλϣȻһƬľӨۼ
Ƿ·ǾĹâȴ˺ѵϢȻչֳ
𡭡
ͫ﷢ŭ
һ޴߲ɫ󻺻سֳ
һž۵Ӱ
˫ֱݴ˿˿ɷ·ָ㽭ɽľһ㣬Ȼֻվȴѹơ

ͫڵĴϢš
֮ͫУͷų˿ֲ
ԹĹâӵ
ǰȭӡǶС
ϵĳ۴飬¶еļ֮ϣȭӡɼԿе·
ȭȭӡǱҶղȥġ
ļһ㾹Ȼұȵ̶ȡ
ͫĺ
·ŭѹеޱŭ⡣
ҶϵıҲʼ
ǰͫϵƱղžȻǿʮֹ
ֲֿѰ֮˿ȥ󵽵ġ
ѹǡ
ǦܲϵƾȻؼ䡣
Сò˵㾹ȻԽʥȵڵĳ̶ȣʵ󣬵һӵҲֶֻˣʥҪնɱͷ­ΪʥΪϲľƱ
аʥ֮Ȼޱȵа
һͫʱа֮
ǿϢ֮ҶԽĽ
𣿡
ÿɷ΢΢ЦҶû˿ĵӡ
һɸӿֲƣȴ۶ƺڵȴʲô
һƥϢ޵
ܹԽնɱǿߵȻز򵥡
ղŵֻͫǽԼʵӵ̫žĳ̶ȣڵѾ˴̫žĵز
ȻֻǳȴС
۾𣿡
ŶԷƵ˿˿âҶԽĶԴ˸Ȥ
ٵĶʥˣڣʥȴҪΪ㶯ʥ׵СӣڱʥʥУ԰ˡ
ͫһؿ˵
ϣ
һ޴ĽĦ֣֮УȻһʥ⣬ʥ֣ĸ֮ͫϡ
ֻƬ̵ʱѣһߴʮɵľ޴ӰѾҶǰ
ǿֲͬһ㣬ڴ˵أȴްԣݡ
һ񸫳ڶԷС
һɫ񸫡
ƣʺ޴Ľϵķ໥ĺӦ
ޱߵɱȻʮ
䡭
ĵ趯ֱۣɢ˾
޴Ľ˾Ȼһ޶ľ޴
˾໥ںһʹͫϵȻǿһ۷ĵز
̫ž۷ľ磬ս¸ӵĿ̶ֲѾһ˿ˣʥ𣿡
Ҷ˵ϴ˿˿֮ɫ
ʥף
λƿǿ
ҲΪάϵʵǿơ
ΪֵǿܹһʥҲܹӵеʸ
ڴ֮У˵ʥĸҲΪǿҩҶѾˣʥ׵ǿ󣬿ڽտԺһˡ
ʥ׵ĺ֮ſֲķҶ֮۵ǰһжԱ
ҶĿˣʥ׵ĺ֮УͫУ˸һ֮ͫУת˵˫
Сӡһӵ֮ˣȻҲҺͱʥа壬Ȼǲ֪Ϊʲôˣڣȳ֣ʥҲģˣɣ
ͫ˵
д˿˿ĺ⡣
·Ǳһ㣬̹ǵĺ㹻ǿ⡣
һУҶ˵ȴ㲻ʲô
У˼һһ֮⣬ƺûֶˣ֮ˣİҪ֮õЩѻĲ֮ȻĻ»εĺҿ
Ҷƥ˫Ŀâؿ˵
ߣݣȻʱۣڵ㣬ˣɣҼǰҲ޷ֹңڹڵϷ龧ҷŹ㣬Ҳǲܵġ
ͫޱȵ˵
ʥϣâ˸Դһɿֲѹ·һӳһ㡣
Ҷû˵Ȼ̤㣬ȳ֡
廯֮⣬˶ԷȻҶ˵Ĳ⣬ȴԴʥ֮иоһɿµв
ܹ֣ͫڵȳ֡
ˣͬαһ㣬ĦΧĿʼֳ޵ѹĦ

ͫû뵽ҶڼʶԼʥ֮󣬾Ȼҳ֣ɵһ㶡
Ǿһ㶣ҶȴѾٵĺɹ
һȭ֣Ϣעȭͷ֮ϣϵûѹƣȻı
ٶȣľˡ
ĺˡ
ƥ
֣
ͫû뵽ҶٶȾȻô죬ԼֻԵĳѣԷԼǰ
͡
޴Ŀ񸫴һӰѸٵȥ
ɫ񸫣޴绢ľӰǺʥһ޶гһɫ񸫡
ʥסۻںϣǰƺǱص

Ӵһ㣬Ȼһˡ
ҶȭͷͶԷ񸫺ݺݵײһ𣬼ǧ죡
һȭۻɷʥӵ쾡£ƱǣҶ磬˿ûиԷĻᣬٴεĳ֡

ķ漴𣬻Ƭձ֧飬߿Խգɽ֮䡣
֮޲γ˻̬

ͫڵĳҶĻᣬ޸͵ȥ
һӻĸĻߣƺڹ˵ıʡ
Ȼֻһȴ仯ĸӰʼŷȻҶɫ̲סһ䡣
ţүүȥ
ţħ˦ţӣڴһᣬݺݵʥ׵ԴϾһš
ʥһɬ
ţħΪħ̥ǱѰħ޶ҪֲӲҪ˵ޣǿֱҶ졣
ʥ׵ɬҶȻı
䡭
ٴεһȭһȭĴ˶Է񸫸

ֲƿʥ׵̲ͫסĿʼΪ
ֲ
ҶĴϢš
Ȼ޴󣬵ȴûҶеǰ㻺ǸӵѸ٣һʮᣬԷľ޴ټϿµٶȣȻĳ֡
оԼȭͷһϸ΢ķ飬ٿԷĸȻֻǳһ˿΢ӡǡ
ԼһȭֻȻıȻֻʩչٱӳ֣ȴҲС
үģ̫Ӳˣ
ţħԼţӣ̲סĵ˵


1553 ͻ
ȻǿĳʥС㣬򵥰
ͫﵭ˵
֮У˿˿ᡣ
ƺڳһ
ʥ֮ϣһԿֲ۾ɢŽı䡣
𣿡
Ҷ΢΢ĻӶһԼƣоֲʵĲȫʧ漴ĿŶԷ
ǰͫƿʥףȫĿԷӳ̫ž۷ľ硣
Ǹӵǿ
ͫʥ֮бȳ
ûûа취ɱ
Сӡʥڶ㣬ԽĸȤˣܹԴ첻𾳵ΪҺͱʥʥ׶Կȫǲġȴˣ̶ֳȣ򵥣򵥰ѵ˵Ѿδ֪ĳ̶ȣõʥһҪķһ£˵ÿҵеĹؼĻʥһ޶ĿֲʥףӿֲɨһС
Ҷ죬ͫԼ촽Դ̰ĺâ˵
СҲ̶ֻܹȣԳаʥҲգѾֵĳүһͿԴ㣡
ţħƲƲ죬ţٴεĴԼţޣм˵
㾹Ȼ˵ң
ȻﵽһԼĵزȴҲǽʥ׵ȴţħֱ׵˵ѾĶʵͫеŭȼ
ָоֱҪз
ǵģޱȷ
Ҫɱ㣡
߶ʥףͫеŭ𣬹ȼ
ϣ
޴񸫣ʮףɨȥ˺һе谭
ʮŵĹϣһɽ屻Ӱ顣
͡
Ҷ߶߲ٵĶ
Է޴ƥȴҲ׵ǵ
޴ɫ񸫣ÿһĸӰ̲
Ѱޣǰһ¶ġ
ҶȻֲȴҲȥԵġ

Ҷ߶Ԧ߲Ȼǰߣ׼˶Էʥףȭ䡣
ǿֲײȴ˿ûʵԵ˺
ֻԵһӡǡ
㾹Ȼڱʥʥºۼʥ㣬ԽĺˣСӣڳĻȻûлĴȥǱʥԸһᣬӡ֮УΪʥĿܡңĳҲ
衭ǳأȫҶǳ춼ںҵĳ
ţħĺ
һһĽţֱˬ˼¡
ȥүģ
裡
һħţŭ֮Уһ޴ħţʼ趯
ţһɫħɽһ㣬ݺݵز̤
ˣ
ƿʥףʱͫƥ
ƿָ֣ɢŽĹâȻĳǺɫţץȥ
һɽţӣʥ׵ָĲģǾһֶԱȣȴӵĿ¡
۾֣֮
һ㾧ӨĹâָ֮ϣ·ָ˾ʯĺ֮С
꣡
һɲ˺ħţţӶʱ˺ѳΪƬ
ѹ
֮ٴεĻӶͫԼĿ꿪ʼתƵҶϡ
еɫ񸫻˵µĺۼ˺һţħȥ
һжնɱȥ
ֲƣι̣У·һԶսһ㡣
¡¡
޴ľ֣֮಻֮ڶ˲ѹһ㣬ݺݵسҶѹȥ
͡
Ҷ첻ת˸ϡ

ϣ
ײ֮ҶӶԼȭͷһӵ˼µĵز
Ǵʱʥ׷µľˣҶεȥʩչȴ޷ҡԷҪ෴ǣͫ׽Ĺ켣ϵѹȥ
Ļ쵰
һ㣬ҶͷҲ̲סЩջ
ɽӡ
˫ۻһöӵĹɽ֮ӡ֡
䡭
ѹƶ
ǹϵɽƺƵı
̫ɽݡ
Ȼı֮ϵƶ䴵ɢѡ
ʲô似
ƿһɽ˵ֶξͫޱȡ

âٴεɢ
ȭͷָû
֮
ѹչֳ
ʥ׵棬ٴεĳ˵⣬˸ȻγһƬʥľһ㡣
͡
ɫ񸫳֡
һӰݼţɽиΪΡ
Ҷû˿ľɥȻһشɽͬԶžһ£Űɽݺݵسʥ״ȥ
¡¡
ֲƣޱߵͫͫ׾ҵͶ̲סſ
ˣ˱̬ˣȴԵûмһΰ

ȭͷӶһӨĹâ֡
ͼɽ顣
꣡
޴֮£شɽҶޱȣȻĽ⾧飬ݺݵײʥ֮ϡ

ǿʥ׵İһʱҲɳ֮⡣
ү
ţħתͨ
Ǳ˼¡
ǰһһһĲʥףţħԵĿԽͫӡ
ȴΪʥ׵ԭԼȻԷѹȥ޷ŭһȫı
ţӺݺݵ˦
䣡
һţӺݺݵؽǵɳȥʥףٴεһȥ
ֲͫһͷۻ·һɳһ㣬Ҷţħ׷׵ĿŰ

Ҷٴεĺһչֳ
һΣҪһݺݵش顣
Ƕ
Ҷţħ˵ĶԴֱǶԼ裬һĪ衣

ŭ֮Уٴεĳһ񸫡
񸫣
һ񸫣Өʯ
â˸Ȼԭɫ񸫸ӵĿ¡
񸫣
񸫣תɣһƬĸӰ
Ӱ˲˺Ŀռ䣬ҶİشɽҲ˺ѳΪƬ
Ҳ
ʥתţħȥӭţħһֽС
̫ˡ
ŭս
˫ɽƺ趯֮У⻪ͿֲҶţħһʱ뵽һŵľء
򡪡
žžž
ٴεһŭ𣬷Բǧ׵ķΧУȻ˪ıЧ
Ҷһʱ飬ǿеס˫ȶס
ã
аԵһ
һΣεܣ
·ǿһֻ׸һ㣬ͫޱȵЦ޸ѸٵĦſռ䣬Ҷȥ
ֲһ￴ƿŭʵͼƻˣʱȻķ˴ֲ
Ǿ򣬷·һʯ磬ЧҪʮٱ
ۿҶҪǾ޸飬ֲĲߣţħŭ
ү
͡
ռѡ
ϣ
һҵײ֣һ񽣻Ӷǳʮ׵Ĵ󽣻صס˶Է񸫡
˭
ͫ˫ͫһȻı


1554 
˭
ͫŭȵ
ףһƥ
ϣ
޴Ľ񽣷˦һĿ񳱣ֲ֮£ƾͫƥ棬ȴҲ޷ȥֿסǿˡ
֮ϣһĻ߿ʼγɣǿеնϡ
һɢŷ·âľ޴Ӱش߳
͡
޴ĽĦϵıԵͬĦŻֵ졣
䣬֮϶һغۼ
ǱĦ֮Ļۡ
ֻݼŰĴȻԻ˿ֲĺۼɴ˿ɼ޴ϻڷĳ̶϶˵
Ҷ΢ٵ˸
߲Ҫߡ
һɾ޴ȴҶ졣
ٶ֮죬Ҷ
СӡھҪ뿪δ̫˵ɣĸ뿪ˣ
һޱƵһ㣬
ϹŴܣУһһĪ̲صͷŭ֮סһеֶζǿǰ֮Ȼûдﵽ̶ȣǿȴҲǳ˿ȥ󵽵ġ
Ҷû˵
ǿԼȴϲġ
ȻղţǴ˲֣ҶҲѡ񷴻ġ
ͫʵȻ£ʥȻǿᣬҶھٴεĽֺͽӴ֮ȴѾ𽥵Ĵһʥ׵㡣
ֻҪԼٶȣδصĲὫͫն
ֻԵĳֶѣ㲻ǾҶ죬෴Ҷļƻȴ˵ĻںҶ˵㻰ʢ˵̬ȻҶһ˿м
䡭
ռ䳹׵ı˺ѣһӰ
ߴ
ͣ
Ҷߵĵһ뷨
һߴʮҵľްԣһ˸ɫâĻס
ȻҶ첻֪Ƿһ㣬Ҳ˵ȼҶȴԸоһ׼εľ޴ȴǰͫĻ׿ֲ
ǶԷϣŸӵķģķĹΪһɫȥȴԵǿͫ
Ҳԭ򣬸ӵΪԷʵһͫǿ
һֻ޴ɫ󽣳ʮ׵ӣȵطԼ˫֮ǰ
ס˽ͬһһ̬վΧһС
ϵɫâͬɫһ㣬ڲϵȼţֲ
ʿ
һɫʥ֮ͫ΢΢һ䣬³ˡʿĸ֡
ɫѿľˡ
һͫڲϵţ·˼ʲôƺڼɵĳִڡ
ʿգֹʥɣ
ͫĺȵ
Ҷû˵ȴʩչ֮ۿĳɫʥ׵ĺ֮һɫ׵սʿУϲ˺ۣԷԭģһ˫Ŀȴ絶ķ
Ĺâֱһ㣬㹻˸оԼļʼһ˿ʹ
ͫˣҪһõĲҪ˵ҲẦңȴ˿Ĳ£õվһ࣬ûҲұ֤Ƿʲô
вң
ͫ˫Ŀ˿˿ĺâؿ˵
𣿡
ʿҲ˵ı䣬еɫǰתһȦ
ȻֻһȦǿֲķ֮ȴ·Ǻһ㣬ǵصı
ҵʥףȻûĸ߼˵ҪսĻȴұ֤Ƿ˰Ȼ뿪㶮𣿡
ţħ΢΢ƲƲɣ
Ѿģ񰡣УΪԼ˭
ȻԷ߰ţħȴһװȵΪ
ңװƣ
ʿȻ£Ҳвʥʥʥ׿ѹס㣬ʵǿκΣʥ׵ǰҲޣԣ˵Сĵ㣡
ԷвˣȻͫҲʿһĨɵǶԷַ͸̬߰ȴǡǡĲͫϲģһʱ仰֮ҲʼһĨ⡣
ϣ
ɫ޽Ȼľ
һɿֲĽա
˳ӣٵİΧסͫʥס
ҵ϶ȱҪǿһ㣬ҲɣҵʵҪǿҲ֪ںһ㵥ƾһߵȼʥףҪҵǰҵˡɱΣϾҿҵļֻһӣ
㡭
̲ͫסһŭ
ŭȴ·Ǳѹסһ㣬˿᲻ӡ
ĸоʵͫŭ
ߡ
ﲻмһ
ʿǾ޴ʥٴεĳҶȫ˹ȥ
ֻв첻ΪȴҵǰСӣܲ
֮дһֳޣԳ˵̵ĿȴҶ΢΢ü
ǣ
һתһɸӿµϢȴļ
һϢ֮УͷųĿֲ
·Ǻѹһ㣬ⷽԲ׵ķΧ׵γ˵һ̬׵ı
ѹȻ˰ٱֹ
ս
һöսӡٵĳ֡
ֿסԷƱŷ
㾹ȻնɱҲʳˣСӣôĵӣ
֮дһĨɭȻ
ƺֻҪҶ˿ķ㼴̵Ļɱ
ʳƺϴ˰ɡ
֣Ҷ컹ǵһε˵
ߡСӣ㼴ĵҲ޷Ʊ硣
ʿԵĶҶѾ϶ˣ֮дſ϶ĲԼ˿˿ɱ⣺
һͼ֮УƺǽҲʳնɱ˰ɣСѪѻڤʯҲаɣ
ҶüͷѣҶȻ뵽ˡ
֮УҶҵѪѻڤʯҶǿ϶ԼѾ൱ˣԼȫĽĨɱĲܳ©ĵطӲҪ˵Ǳ˷֣֮еһﶼ׵Ĵˡ
Է֪ѪѻڤʯԼеģ
Ѫѻڤʯ
ĸֵĳ֣ʱͫסˡ
ѪѻڤʯǿǼֵ֮һ֮ж
ֻܹڳϢϼ
Ψг֮УŻַѪѻŻᵮѪѻڤʯ
龧Ҫǧ򱶵ĳ̶ȡ
ӵϾȻѪѻڤʯ
ͫ˫ĿڿҶ֮жʼΪʿһԻѡǰġ
ѪѻڤʯʲôƺûеǸط
Ҷֱӵİ֣Ƶһɶӣ·ĺûйϵһ
𣿡
ʿص˵ͷ
ϣ
޴Ȼĳ֣ȵҶ죬˫Ŀ˸֮
СӣõĲҪҵǰˣҵʥ׿Ϣ֮Уҷҵĸ˵ϢȥϢֻһ˵Ϣ㵨ҵǰˣУ
ķɱ⣬𽥵ۡ


1555 ෽ܵУ
Ҷ˫Ŀ𽥵ķ˿˿ĺâûȥ˵
ȿȿȡʿ֮ƺûжٵĦ
ͫͻȻĿ˵
ͫȻΪаʥҵʱĶԽɱ㲻Ҫҵǰˣ
ʿ˿Ĳӵ˵
˵ʵﵽ˴̫žĵزϵʥףӵҶĹƣ㹻Ľ뵽̫žĳ̶ȡ
˵ǿزȻĿʤͫ
֮˿ĲȻҲǿġ
ߡʿҪҪȻʵʥҪǿһЩ¹˭֣˵˴һɢǣʵ㣬ʥνѪѻڤʯȻҲǿΪؼȴڱʥҪСе龧ˣ֮ûֱӵìܣ
ʿɫ΢ǳ˰̺۵Ͽı飬һɫ˫Ŀȴ˸Ĺâ
Լʮ룬ԷͻȻĵͷ˵
ܺãȻ˵Ļ֮ƺû̫ìܣҪ龧ҪǻҪõѪѻڤʯ
ߣƺ𽥵Ĵɹʶ
Ҷɫ΢䡣
ʵȻ¡
ǿһͫѾˣҪԿһǾԲܵ顣
ɫţ
ͻȻĺȵ
͵ˡ
ţħţβݺݵ˦һѾҶ
ߣ
һ̲ͣϢ

ʿĺȵ漴ٵٴκ
Ȼҵǰ뿪һжҵƿ֮У㻹뿪ƾʵεǿ󣬵ȴҲֻһֻϣҵǰ϶㲻ϣ㾹Ȼҷſ֪Ķ
ȥģ
ҶֱӵĻش
žžž
һʿĻ
Ҷϣռ֮ٵĻӶ
Ȼȫ˺ΧѹסĿռ䣬ȻļԦţħٵķȥ
ʲô
ʿɫ΢䣬ﾪһ޷ŵݵĺԶȻһû뵽Ҷ쾹Ȼ뿪ֱǲܵ鰡
һȴӷˡ
׷
ͫĺȵ
ԦԼʥ׿ٵĳȥ
͡
ռҵļ
һƬĿռˡ
·ħջһ㣬ֲħЧ
΢ĵȻ˵ֶΣĳСһﱾӦſµľѧ𾳺̫ž֮Ĳνǳ󵽵ĺ蹵Ǹţʩչʥ֮ҲҪڴ˵ģСֵʲôͷΣҶҪʿѰҵС֮ǰҵԷȥһ˴ϵܣԤпԳɳһµĲΣκһˣĵλ̽ȹ
ͫаԵ˼
죡
׵磡
ҶԦ߲ϵ󣬷ɿ趯ԼĿռ֮һ׹⣬˸ݼţ˲Ķݷɳ
Ǳɾȴڳ׷Ѱ
Ȼӣֱĸоȴɴš
ļһǱȺ쵰ˣ겻ɢĻ쵰
ĺҶһţħ壬Ȼе˼ţһţβ˦ֻţ˦ӷĿ
ûʥףǾԵĿѹסǣʥףȴԵѷɫһЩϵǿҲֻܹӲӲĴ൱һʱάϵ̫ãҽΣˡ
Ҷ˫Ŀſµâϵ˼š
͡
֮ϣҶ첻ԶһռȻ˺ѡ
䡭
һɺ嫵Ӷ
Ȼ˲ĳҶɱȥ
ܣ
Ҷһȡ
ʥ׵ĽâǴ׷Ѱˡ
ôٵٶȣȫĳҶ󰡡
Сӡҿӣ
һݳ
ֻһźâʥ׳Ҷǰ
ʥ׵ĺ֮һһԹ֮ɫĿҶ졣
Ĳ
Ҷĺ
漴пʼԵĿЦ
ûģЩһΪʲôѡڽء
͡
һ񱩵ĵѸٵ˺գҶֹ
޴ĵһ޴ĳһ㣬ѶƺƵĵкķϢʵ˵
֮һоıѳΪ޺Ƭ
߲ȭȭӡ졢죡
Ҷ˫ȭ趯߲ٵĴʼʧԭ֮ء
ϣ
䣡
˫ȭͬͲһ֮УĴ˶Էʥס
͡
ʥȻһǱ󣬾Ȼµķ
ɿչֲֳֿиϢҶһء
ռơ
ҶƴʩչԼ
žžž
µĿռ֮˲ı
ʮļӳγɡ
ҶԼȭͷݺݵسŶԷԴϴȥ
꣬ΪӺǲɣ
Ҷ쳹׵Ļˡ
׷һڿ񱼣оʵ˵гһѹ֡

зŭ
ռ֮ռռ𡢴ѷӡȭ΢֮ؼʩչĲϡ
Ĳд󺧡
оΧǷ·ħֲ֣жھ
ԭҶϢлϲ
ΪԼһοҶ֪Լ
ȴû뵽ʿͫ׷ɱ̶ȵҶ죬ڵıԼķŭ
ĲԼйĹߡ
Ȼҵʥ׿⣬СӣȻǿҲǿֲǡȴɲ
Ĳڿʼʱ΢΢Щ֣Ǻܿȴ뵽Լʥ׵ǿٴεĳһš
Գʥףη塣
䡭
ʥֳʮ׳ľ޵񱩵ĳҶӶ
ն
ݺᣬȻһɵ籩
ʥ׵ıһԽ򣬸ǻΪĴһ㣬Ҷѹȥ
͡
Ҷֲ֮£Էš

һѪٵʳ
СӣһˣԵˣû˿Ծ㣬㲻Ǹ߰𣿿ĳҵλҲǱˣǸ׳գûдʥ׵Ļεܹ֣ڣ·ɡ
ֳִ󵶣ĲЦ
㻹ΪԼԶ𣿡
Ҷ첻мЦ
һֻȻٻƽչ£ʩչƽʥ
͡
ʮ߶ĳ֣ȥĻƽʥ·һһ㣬ʩչȥ

ռ䷢˿ֲ
ĲȻԳʥף˿µҲ̲סӡ
ϣ
󵶻衣
ٴε趯һƬĵ籩
Ҷ񲻿ɴݣټһεӳʮ
һʱ֣رɫ

޴ı˳֡
ĲǾ֮У޵ѳΪΡ
ɿµϢɿıƽҶҲûʱȥ׷ɱ
ȻתҪ뿪
Ǿʱһɾ޴ȴݺݵסҶţħ
ۡ
һѪҶ쾹Ȼˡ
ֲľʹҶ̲ס³һѪʶɢ˫Ŀһģ漴Ļ˹ȥ


1556 
â˸Ҷţħıһصס޴ʥ׳֣ߴߣɿʧ
̲Ǽ΢ʱ䣬գ۵ʱ䶼ûУĲûпȥ
͡
䡭
޴Ӱӳ
ʿͫڵ׷Ѱ
ΧսۼٿĲоޱȡ
ˣ
ͫ˵
Ĳ֮жʼò

ʿֱӵ˵
ʥףȻˣȷʵһ
ͫаԵĺ
ȴҲھޱȣҶ쾹Ȼ֮Իʥס
ʱĲеľ޵ѳΪΣұ۸¶˿˿ĵâȻʥܵ˲С˺
ߡ
ĲҲϳʿͫݡ
ʱҺ߽а壬ֻܹһת뿪
һ֮ϵİһҪʹ˶ĽҩҵҲûдﵽ̶ȣģⱰ΢ѵ˵˵֮еıɣ˵˺εȿֲ䣬˵ĻǾץסľѪ
ͫҲת뿪
ֻʿȴûм߿ǿΧĻ΢΢ĳ
мϢƣѵǶԷİֲɣ˭ҺͻӴΪУǾѡ޾ɱ¾
ȿȿȡ
Ҷٴεѹ֮ϵľʹȴѾ̲סĿ
ʲôط
Ҷ΢΢һ漴ĳΧȥ
ʱȻһҺС
ΧǱס棬Ҷ΢΢һ󰴶оΧͷµľˣʥ׵Ĳ϶Ҫֲ֡
Լ޷ơ
ɣ
ɣ
뵽Լڻ֮ǰƺǱ˻УȻ㲻֪κˡ
ţħء
ٴεһ
ү
һŴϢ
ֻڲԶһڲһеĺɫӰεĸԼţޣţħļһﻹ˭
ʲôط
Ҷĵ״˵
֪ʱ򣬾ˣΧľʯµĺܣǴүþȫֻܹҡԷһ˿ѡ
ţħ֮дһ˿ץ

Ҷûȥ˵ѡܿȥ
ﵽһЩĽ˿ߡ
Щ˿ϵҶڵġ˿ߵһһЩɢ첨棬Щкܶķģķڲϵӿ
ЩҶ̲סһ
Сƺұ˵Сˡ
Сֻһ
о
ڵЩҶȻȴҲ֪ԼڵľغǱ
ܵƣ⡮ķ˵ĺܣٴεͻƣû޷סҵ͵Ϊ޷ȥ𣿡
Ҷһ˿Ц
ӵꡣ
ʣ⡮ƿ£Ǵڲ޷ƣǾѡѰҵⲿͻơ
ԷܹԼŽȥǾͿԽԼá
Ʋأֻһǿ£ģˣСһĻȥĲĻԼһ߳ȥġ
֨
ͻȻһ֡
Ҷһ漴ıԼ˫Ŀװ֮еӡ
ȴת˼£Χı仯
Ŀռ䣬·һ͵ܶǽڣƽĺܣĿܶС
Ҷ컹ںʱȻһǽ棬˿˿ˮ
ԽԽ·Ǳˮһ㣬һӰ˽
һ֮

Ϊ׵һ֮ҶпʼЦ
ĳɫ˫ٲ˿ĽԴȻ˭
ߣˣеϵ̣·Ƕʮ޵ǳһ㣬γһתۼȻѿǵʵȴԵĲ򵥡
ߣһߣһǽȴޱȿˡ
ߣһ䣬һȻᣬһ˫ĿȴŽթ֮ɫһôʲôˡ
ôûѣ
Ҷ죬ҧгݵ˵
ǽһް
ҶˢԼݿ嶼ʼԼ΢ʣԼܹеɣؽǿ϶ˡ
ŻеҶ죬뵽ԼֱȵסĿʼĦ
С㣬һﰤǼ˺һȻزôɵģƻҪʱſԡ
λǿеһ˻˵
СҪ򵥣׵ġ
ͬһ߰Ц˵
һֻ΢ٵӡâ˸ʱϵҶ졮һ˿ҵ
̡
һɿµٵҶġ֮С
ľʹ·Լըһ㡣
ֲľʹ֮£Ҷ岻Ŀʼ
͡
һɺ컺
ҶɱȻıѾɱ
ˣ
ҶǿµߵһľţǺܿȴָƽ
Сӡ㾹Ȼ۾ңôʲôҪɱϷҶľ֣ᷢҲһݳޣھһҲøţһֻҲøţ
ΪľЦ
С㡭ôּˣ˰
Ҷ٬ĿȣЦ˵
Ҷ쵰
ҧ޺޵˵
ÿοҶ¶ֵɵӣȵŭͲһ
С㣬Сӵ岻򵥣Ϸо͵鷢֣СӵѰҪǿӽٱѰѴﵽ̶ȡ
ľϴ˿˿Ŀ֮ɫƺǶҶޱȵĸȤ
ʵϣԷжȴСҶ졣
ҲΪСŴʹŶԷҪصĴۡ
𣿡
Ȳÿɷ˵
СİɣϷһСӵҵҪĶңܹҵСǿԭʹõĻҵʵɽٴε
ȵıȻ
漰˼飬ȶС΢΢ĵ˵ͷ
ܺãͽ졣СӽƻĺܣõĻǺһ¡
˵䣬Ѿת뿪
İС㣬һúÿġ
ľĿȵ뿪ͷ촽¶˷ܵɫ˵
ҴС㾹ȻȤϷӵĸȤ㵽ʲô飬ǵС㾹Ȼӣ
һ㣬ʵҿϴ𣿡
Ҷ쵭˵


1557 ͻ
ƨ
Ƕľû˵һֱվŵλȴ͵ŭ
һ۾ɢ˷âƺѹʲôһ㡣
Ƕ
ı仯ľȻŭһƺڼɵʲô
Ұħǵģ˭Ҳܹߣ˭Ҳ޷մȾ
ΪħǵڵĴϢţ¶˷ɫ
İǶΪʦ֤ģκε˶ᣬûʸġ
ľϴſ϶ɫ
漴ٴοҶ죬һ˫Ŀ֮˸˵
ǶڲſµѪͳΪ߹ħѪͳκεһħ޵Ѫͳ޷ȡ޵Ѫȡеľ໥ںϣǱССңԻδ֮
Ҷһ
ٴεĿꡣ
޵Ѫѵ˵
Ҷı仯ľ¶˿˿⣺
ҲħһţϷ򾭹ľĺǻĳɹڵѪͳһȫıΪǿǸʱİ򶼽Ϊƿ֮ﳼ˭Ҳ޷һ㣬Ҫ˵һҴС㣬ǱΪŮҲΪħǵĿŮū
Ů𣿡
ҶһĨĲм
֣ҶҲİɱ¾ô֮ɵ˶Է꣬ҶҲѾһЩ˽ˡ
ŮһµŮȴаŮ
ʳ֮ΪŮ
Ϊ顣
෴ǶԷַ𽥱ȴˡ
ľ֮˵ĵǲҶȴԴӶԷ֮иоһȡ
ȿɲΪħǶ˷ܣΪԼ˷ܣоͺǾҪõԼҪĶ֮󣬱ǿҲ˵һ˵ĺʵȴΪԼѡ
ħǣֻһߡ
ȻħģҶ϶ԷлſԻħǵķ
СҪմȾȣӵҪõŮԼȴħǵĹߣѵͲ𣿡
Ҷ촫Ц
һ˿ֳ˶ľϡ
Ȼû뵽Ҷ쾹ȻԼе뷨
Ǻܿȴ¶Цݣ
ҼȻԴһħǣǾͿԴһܹͿԻٵ
Ȼ
ҶзһĨ⡣
ĳħǵ̲һӴһ·ĿֲǺܿϧǣһڲͺǱӡһȻǱȴ޷ӳһƱػ
֪̫ˡ
ľͻȻɫһȻʩչӡǡ
ʱʮ˿
ߡ
Ҷһߣһɾ˵ʹٴεϳ֡
һεľʹղŸӵĿֲ
ףϷ򣬱ǿʮϷҲϷȴɳΪһ⣡
𣡡
Ҷļ鴤
ʹȻ£ȴܵķΧ֮С
СӣϷǲȥģϷԸоӴܣֹȵܣӦûкܶ࣬ҵˡʿаʥ׷㣬һ˾Ȼô׷ɱɼǼ֮ˣϷøĽҩĽҩøǿ󣬵ǡҲ㾭ܸʹࡣ
˵䣬Űħ¶˴Цݣ·ǿԼĺһ㣬ʴȵ˵
Ƕ߰ɣѾ׼һŮˣȥϢһµġ
ħǵ˫ĿһĨɫĹâ
ɫƺһħҪĹâ
ȻڵԿʼ𽥵ľ
лʦ
һ˿˿ŰĿлߣ˰ħǵϡ
Ǳ֮дŷͷйĿ⡭
С
Ҷ첻мЦһ
ٴεıĿ
ΧԼĥȴ㣬Ⱦһ˿ĳ
ʱһյĹȥˡ
Ҷÿնھĥ
Щĥ֮£Ҷƺ𽥵˱ļ
õļ𽥵Ŀʼ
Ҷľ񶼿ʼήޱȡ
ÿնҶĲҽ
ľȴȷʵԼֶΣǽҩӸ߼ؼǶĳ̶ȶʩչ˳û˿ۡ
Ҷÿάϵֲҽеġ򡯣ʵϣȴҡ
෴ǣЩҩĺôʵ̫Ӵˡ
ĽҩޱȣǶľʩչҲ٣ؼĽҩȴܶࡣ
ҩΪ˴̼оġ
һܵش֮ȥʩչҩʹ࣬ŴٱҲǶľҪЧȴ֪ЩҩҶô
ʱƣҶ𽥵ĿʼͨЩҩĴԼеÿһ缡⡢
⡮֮Уû˿ԪһһпܹȡĶȫˡ
ҲǶľ֮ŵԭ
ҶӵŰ˲ͼǿһӴ硣
еԪԴԴϵ̲
Ͽȥޱȣڲȴתһ峺
䡭
һɺ嫵һտʼŷ
ǿ˳֮޲ʼҶ쾭֮еʡ
ڰ졭ƣ
ĺ
Ҷ棬ʼıŷ
֮ǳ֮֮֮
תһҶ̫ӡǵת֮£ٵγһת
Щתһµʱ̡
䡭
ݺݵؽһ˲Ļ·ǰһ㣬캳صĲ
첻𾳵ڰ졪ͻˣ
оԼٴεıԭһΣҶҲ¶һĨЦ⡣
һεͻƲ򵥡
ҶѵΡ
ﵽʮƵĵز
߰ٱļӳ֡
Ҷ붼о˷ܡ
ž
һ졣
ֻǽ棬ٴεĳһĨӿ
ħˬ˽
һϻ˿˿Ѫȡ
Ϲһȱʬ塣
һŮӵĲ֫
ǰԴ֮Уԭ˫ʱ޷ŵľ֮ɫ
񣬲пᣡ

Ҷɱ¾ȴĥѰ֮ˡ
ħȴһѪͳĹ
ѪɫϲŪŮˣϲԵԷ塣
Сӡˣ죬ġ
Щӡ˿ߣħǵ¶˷ɫ
ʲôõĲҪţûˣľɲôˡġ
ҶĿŰħǣеɱøӿ
Уѹҡôʱˣ㾹Ȼ˵ԼصܣһᣬΪʲôô㣬ڸңҾ͸һʹ죬ûҪɱ㣡
ȣ
Ҷһķӿ
оޱȵĶġ
˼һֲΣ
ҶһĿŰħǣĿ˵



1558 
𡭡
ҶĻɣħǵпʼһ޷ڸǵŭ⣬ŭһ޻ʽ١
һ֮дŷѪϢʼֳ
еĲ֫˵ϣħǵſ¶ɭȻݣ
˭һأСӣ㾹Ȼ˵ķʦʵ̫ʴˣҪһĽѵüȻ˵ķ
ȡ
ʵҶθﶼʼ
ҵ۾
ҶͻȻغ
һ㣬һʱħǵɫסһ
֮֮ۡ
ҶȻٴκȵ
͡
ƿأ
Ҷתһﵽһȿֲĳ̶ȡ
ħǵǱɵģĵطԳΪһţľȻϻۣڽ̵ȴܶ࣬Ȼ˷ôõʡ
ûгֵĽħǵʷӳҲҲǺħǵ̫ǿ󣬵Լ޷ơ
ΣħǵǴﵽˣȴСĺܡ
Ҷ֮Ѹٵİ˶Էƿأӵʩչ꣬ת˲֮䣬Ѿ׵ƿ

Ҷƿأ´
ȫĿϵѹסԷ
˳ǲܵģǻ˶ԷԵĲѡ
ȻħȻķȴѾԼΥĶ
䡭
һȭһ̨
ʱĽҶ졮˿ѸٵĿʼѡ
ϣ
Ҷȭˡ
ϵİġ
һȫ뵽֮УΪԼĲƷʵҶڸӵĿʼħʼʹԼ֮ϡ
һȭ֮
䡭
޴ġĴ顣
Һʳ
ðŨ̡
ʱ֮УҶ첻ϵĴЩҺڲſɲĶԡ
͡
ϵͰ̺ۣҶתʱĿʼ
ľ֮ԴԴϵתš
㣬үҲų
ţħ۰Ͱ͵ĿҶ죬Ľе
ôʱ䣬ڡ֮Уǰﻵˡ
Ҷû˵ֱӵƿذħǵʼ֡
ϵ޻ʣ޵ˣŸ߹Ѫ㾹Ȼƿҵ壬
ͻȻ䣬ħǵϾȻ˵ɲӰ
а׻̰ǵŭߵķ裬ħѪ
ӰĲС
ٲȻħ޵Ĵ󼯺ϡ
ħǵȴ𽥵ĳ˿˿ơ
Ҷƿ˶ԷϵķڵĽħϵķӡˡ
޵Ѫͳεȵǿ󣬳˼ںеֶ˵ıǰħǵǿˣʵҶۻɷʥ嶼ȥںϣӲҪ˵ˣܿѾ˿˿Ѻۡ
׻ͼѳ
ħͼɵΧӰ
׷ڼں졭
Ѫʼ˱
䡭
һ޴ı֡
ħǵڵ޷סѪķڣըˡ
޵ǾһС棬̲޾İ޵Ȼֲúܣȴ޷㾹ȻѡںУȻǲܵġ
ҶﲻмЦ
˵䣬ȭͷӶһȭţħͷ˳
̵ģүˡ
ţħ
ôʱ䣬Ȼţħ˱ˡУţħҪǶľҧĶˡ

ҶҪ˵ȴһ࣬ǰħѵĵطȻ˿˿겨
ħǱľں崴ġ
Ϊ޵ѪԵʣ΢ĺܡ
Ҷ쵹û뵽һھôµĥ֮꾹ȻԴôࡣ
һһŰ
ţħҲһ㣬̲ס̾Ϣ
ѹѪɴô꣬һˣϧϧ˶ľһֻˡ
һֻֽħǵ˹ȥ
ǵҶͼȥɶԷʱȴݸ̼Ĳ㷢
Ѫɱ¾Ůˡ
ȥ̽ӭı޵Ŀ˿¶ҵļ䣬Ҷ꾪ˣȴҲסˡ
һЩԼҪļ䣬Ҷֱӽһˡ
ٴεĿգһ˿˿ľѪ
ò˵ľƺǳɹһ룬֮飬仰ȷʵ٣Ȼħ֮У㲻ǿ󣬵ںϵȴ˼亱ģôʱ֮󣬰ħǾȻѾ޵Ѫںһ֡
ЩѪ߻Х
еȴǷǱѰľ
ǰħõĹˡ
Ҷ΢΢ĸ̾һһžѪٻ뵽Լ֮УԺ˵Īá
ѹ˵ħǽջôĵ죬ԭľҪ뿪ʱ䣬ҵĳֵҲѡʱ䡣
Űħǵһּ䣬Ҷ̾˵
߰ɡ
ţħ΢΢չԼţ˵
ǵȵ뿪
Ҷ˫Ŀâ˸Ц˵
ѵɱľɣ
ţħܿ²⵽Ҷ뷨
ߣһңʵ飬뿪Ļվһɱĺá
Ҳԡ
뵽Լܵġţţħҧгݵ˵
ҪѾģ
ҶЦŵ˵ͷ
ģһġ
ﵽ˴첻𾳰Ҷ죬Ѿ޵ġ
´Σӵʥ׵ͫҲѶԷķ
ﵽ˰ھˣ֮УӵʮƵӳ֣ʮƣ߰ٱӳһ㹻Ļ
߲Ҳھþõɬ֮еõ
ԭһǧ֮ǧ֮Ķ塣
ǧ֮һɱ䡣
ڳĻ֮Ҷ֮ȫĿʤ̫žǿߣٴεϴֱΧĵزҶҲʼԼٶȣȫ뿪
ʱˮһȻȥˡ
ʱ䣬ҶĹԼʵ
ſµѧҶӵܶĶ
򣬱ƿ
һգǽٴεķ˱仯
ž
Ų˸һӰѾ֡
ǿݺݡ
Ƕľ˭
ģôʱˣħܵʲôطȥˡ
ľﲻϵĺС
ƺΪĲˬ
ͻȻ䣬һ
һɱ̹ǵϢ
ֱĸо˲ĲȫͷƤʼ飬ϵë
ȻĿȥһɺѾس
ôܣ
Ҷ쾲ؿŶľһĨ⣬˵
㡭ڻˣ


1559 
Ҷ죬ٿһ࣬Ѿסȥ·ţħľɫʱһ䡣
ôⲻܵģ޷һ㾧ʯģ
ľĽе
ҶظԼ°ͣ˵
һ㣬ƺǲҪͣ
ҶɫƵ̬ľȴڴʱ𽥵Ļָԭĵ
û뵽һС㡭
ֵߵһ£ϱ鵭ȻĿҶ죬˵
Ҫôʵ㣬ˣϷҲģΪ߲ģﵽرأʵͨ죬ȴҲû߳ȥڣϷһᣬϵܣĻϷҲþһ㣬ûԵˡ
㻰ﵹʡ
ʱˣľȻвҶ졣
ҶȴҲû
ľˣҶѾоһļһ
һʶǰƿصȻĲ򵥡
ǲɵǣҶ졣
͡
Ҷ첻ȥϻֱӵĳ֡
ľɫ䣬û뵽Ҷ쾹Ȼķ
ǳֶû˿Ԥơ

ľü˸һɾ˵
ľȻγһ޴ӰӰչٵĳҶץȥ
֮
Ҷ΢û뵽һﾹȻʩչ

ľʵȻСҶ֮ǰһж޵ġ
һ۱Զʵ
̫žһ۷塣
ʵǿˡ
κΣһȴʩչ
֪Ķ
ҶЦ

ʥӤ
Ҷü
ʥ⻪˸̫ʮѪһһֻСֺݺݵĴȥ
꣡
û˿ԥǾ޴ӰʱʥӤ顣
ôܣôӵǿꣿ
ľɫ䣬ǴʱȴǲҰޱȣղŵʩչ꣬Եĺķ˴ʱʥӤ飬ܵش
𣿡
Ҷ֮кƽ
֮ӵôӴ֮ʲôν϶ǴӸ߼ĴԪ߳ǿߣƿĻõ˸߼Ԫܣҵջ񽫻󣡡
һﻹԲġ
̰Ҷ˲оﱤˡ
ȥõġʱˣߴ顣
ţħһţӽһѹ
ɡ
ԭҶ컹ڶľΪڴڿһӡ
㲻ܡ
ž
Ҷָᵯһâ˸˺˶ԷԴҽɵ
䣡
ͻأģ֮УһҡΡ
Ҷɫ΢䡣
á
һѽţħסٵĳȥ
һڴһöģһǾͻԤģˡ
ɵ˶Է꣬Ҷһ۱㿴˶Էĵط

һлֳֹ⽣Уĳ

Ϊ׵һˣƲߴ󣬸һɹɽһĲãơ
һۿҶţħŭȵ
ըףѰ֮ˣ϶ᱻɿֲѹס
ߡȥõģ
ţħʱǽһ
ڳˣȻشħ
衭
ţһ
ѣռΧһУ·ܵʮ쭷һ㣬Ѹٵƻ
һǿߵ弱ٵĲһȺǿߵ׷׵Ĺѱ
ǿħţŭ
ߣ
ţħԼţͷҶе

Ҷصͷ
ţħѸٵǰȥ
ҵһܻأȻֻеһȴŲٵǿߣмˣѰʥף
˶ľļ䣬һж÷˺ܶࡣ
ҷŵ֮Уү̫Ŀ̫󣬲һж
ڷɱһʱ֮ţħæ˵
Ҷ֮ӵصͨ㹻ӦһС

΢΢ĵͷ
ҶҲٷϻ
ţħٻ뵽Ű˲ͼ֮󣬿ٵһš
ڶľļ֮Уҵһܻء
忴ȥ·һȻɽȣڲȴ˺ܶķ䣬ܶзȥһڵڹһ㡣
Ҫȥ൱ѡ
ҶѾоˣΧɲĲ
ѾʼѰţħˡ
˵ѰĵطҶǲѡġ
һطȴ൱İȫ
ķ䡣
ֻŽȨ޺ͷʽ
ǶľҲѾãˣƽ˶ԷĽȨޡ
ⷿʱ򣬶ľȻĲҽȥǵ뿪֮ȴУȥ̬ȵϢ
һǸ۲۵ɫ
ҶƲƲ͵˵
ΧϢѾԽŨ
˵ĳ̶ȡ
һССĻأȴλǿиż޴ʥףֲʵҲҶᵽ˴Ŀֲ
Ѿˣļ壬ȻҲСǰСԺ£Сĵĺá
һΣҲΪҶ˾ӡ
ԷٶȻܿ죬Ҷٶȸ죬Ƕľļ䣬Ȼļ졣
͡
Ҷһһ㣬ٵһǰ
ⷿȥѰȴΪϳ˵Ľɣʥ׳֣ڶʱ֮ڴơ
͡
˫ֽӡʱһʼС
ž
ſˡ
Ҷ漴ĶС
ʱԵİȫˡ
Ҷ³һؿ˵
ҿδأ
ǲ̨˵
Ҷ컹ûзӦͷϣһľȴ
⾢֮У̲һɿֲϢ

һŽӱѸٵڻΪˮ
ʲô
Ҷ΢΢һ
Ȼ˸һࡣ
һֱ̣ٴεŤ
·һ㣬ƹȥ
ž
תҶֱӵץסһֱۣݺݵسһȥ
䡭
ʱ֮Уһµ𶯡

һȵٴεľ
ΧϢ쳣𱬡
һӰҲ֮лسֳ
͹£һԳɫתȴŷŭĲ
һ԰׻ĴȣԵøˡ
ƤʵĶȹ޷ڸǵã෴һȿʼø
ⲻȻ˭
㾹Ȼ
Ҷ֮дһĨȡ
ľļ֮Уƺ뿪ˡ
Ҷܿ뵽ˣľ⼸ղڻ֮УȻ֪Ϣ
ߣǸɫͷȻҵĽȨޣٴεĽ룬С㣬Ҫúõĺģû뵽Ȼ㣬㾹ȻԳһȨޣС²ⲻĻľֻɫѾɱ˰ɡ
ȿףȴǴϻۣܿı²⵽Ĵš
Ȼ
ҶûлشԷǶȵһѩȴƷζš
ͦá
̾˵
ã
ûзϻֱӵĶҶٴεĳ֡


1560 ɫġ
Ҷ죬ȿνץĺܡ
Ҷ쿪ʼȱоԼʮ㡣
Ǳһ￴Լ岻˵ǿԼµĳ棬ӱӰʯ¼ıԷвȻٴεıˢ֤ӵˣԼܵ˸׵һѵ⡣
ÿÿ뵽ЩȵıһĿư
жף
ŭⱬµȣȻµĴһ㡣
׻Ĵͬǰһ㣬˸Ĺâ
󿪴֮䣬һȵϢʼֳ
ǲСԼٶƽ׵ĳ̶ȡ
ߵĽִ߶ȴ·Ƿ
֮һоı
䡭
һԵӰֳ
һżеսʿ
ʮ㣬һ˫˸ޱߵİ
ȵս֮УٵĳҶץȥ
漴С̫һٴεչֳ
ʱһ棬Ҳ漴һ㡣
ȵ¶ȣǼӲĽҲᱻڻġ
ǶҶ˵ȴ㲻ÿ£
ߡ
ȵｿ߳һ
˫ѸٵĳҶȥ
һ֮Уƥȵһž
󿪴֮У㹻ĽԼĶֳ׵˺ѵ

ҶûʩչӡȭʩչѪ˺֡
ҶΪѾ뵽һ˵ĵز
ʩչӵĿֲ
飡
ȭͷݺݵغͶԷײһ𣬲һµı
ߡ
ȵƺһ˵˫ڽӴҶȭͷ֮ǸоԼһ飬һ̱㱻һ޷ȥ
䡭
һа豻ײΪƬ
һĨâ˸
Ȼһг
һضУҲ֪ʲôʱڷģȴӭȵĽ¶â
һΣײȥĻڵԻᱻĴ̴ġ
ޱǿ󣬵ȴǲĴڡ
оԼıǱ̹ǵϢ
ȵʱɷס
в֮£κεһ˶޷ȥĮӵ

Ҷ̾Ϣһ
ȻԼ֮һιĹϵȴԵĲܹԷɱ
ĻҵʵȫĿԽԼǸʱ򣬾ǲݵľء
ɲԼҪġ
͡
һٵʩչ߲Ҷȵı
ԭѾоϢԼֳˡ
ǾڴʱһŨǿҵϢȫ
ҶһְֻסȵɳȥĽĵϷ
С椡һΣôлأ
Ҷ죬һǶҶһֹŹֵǲò˵ȻһĨмģм֮ȴѸٵĿʼŭռݡ
ҶƷǰǻԲ̡档
ҶҪɱ㣡
ٴεץˡ
ÿһζҶ۸ÿһζռˡ
֮һҲͰˣƫƫÿÿζˡ
һʱ䣬ǽһǽһŭ
ȥɣɫħ
ֻӶ
һҫĻ󴸳֮С
洸

𣬴ﵽʮ׵ĳ̶ȡ
·һԡĻŮһ㣬ת֣һжһǳɡ
ӴС椣ǴôԴԼľ𣿡
뵽˸ղŴеԵĴУҶ컹Щᡣ
ڣһŨѾ
һŹϵľѧ
ѰȥѹסΪžѧһص㣬ǾԽŭ죬ԽǿŮ֮ȴƣǡõҪ⡶֧š
ʱʢŭ֮£濪ʼγɣµ棬ǱѰȵϢԽΧĿռȼճΪޡ
ҶҲСĵӦ
ⷿѾڻļ
ԼٲȥֹĻܻܿ˷ټʱҪ뿪ҲЩѡ
𡭡
һŭȵ﷢
Ҷ΢˫ֽӡһɺⲼС
˪֮ף
һ޴ı׳ȵΧ
ͷ޾ĺ⣬ΧϢȻǿֲЩȴҲΪϵˣʼС֡
𡭡
ŭʱŭ֮УͬһֻŭСĸһ㡣
ӵĴһµİ֮
ذ
İ֡
֣ݺݵسǱ˪֮ѹȥ
ꡭ
ֲ֮£ȾȻͻһ㣬ٴεĳҶ
һȷۣΪʱֽŲ֮УӵʹΧ˷츲صĸı䡣
ʵ㣡
ҶӶԷĿֲǿһֻʩչͨ
ռ֮
ռѹƣ
žžž
׵쳹
Ȼһɾ˵Ϣ
쵰쵰
ȴĽе
еİ洸ޱȵĻӶš
ⴸԵĲǼ֮
Ĺ·Ҷ춼ʶ
һɹɿµĲȴϵѹɿѹƹ
ҶĽ߲ɿת
ʱǧ֮εȵۺȻⷿ䲻󣬵ȴҲ㹻ʩչ
䡭
ŭȣڲȻͷųһɿɲ
ͻˣ
ȵ֮дһ޷ڸǵľϲ
ԭڴ̫žΪȴ뵽졣
ҶԴһķ顣
Ȼֻ֮һĲ࣬ȴʵĸı䡣
һһص˵ɲ˵ġ
ȺţȻĺͼȴҲֻڶݵʱһĨͣ٣һ̣Ѹٵļ֡
ֶκͽǶȶתĸı䡣
̵أһ㶨ˡ
ҶҲһĻ
ĺ
䡭
֮ʩչ
ѷʩչ
־ѧ֮УǾ޴ӡγɣָɽһѹ
Χſɲ硣
ЩǴѷγɡ
ߵĵӸӵ
͡
޴Ĳ֮ȻĺͰײһ𣬷˿ɲĲֻԵŤ˲˺ѵ
飡
洸ݺݵػҶš
ȵȴȻһ䡣
һֻ֡
ѩ
Ҷǰ
ȵؽסޱȵĶ洸
ôܣ
޷ŵĽе
Ȼ֪Ҷʵ£ȴû뵽Ȼµز
ҧ㡭
뵽Լͻ֮󣬾Ȼû㶨Էȵŭӵʢ
СһţǿɰСݺݵسҶļҧȥ
ȴû뵽ҶĻɿӿ漴Ľɡ
һ԰׻ȣûŮ̬ĹסҶĲӡ
Ƥʶȹ޷ڸס
Ȼס˲ӡ
Ҷ˫Ŀȴ̲סĳȵȥ
ɫɫġ
ȵĽһ𣬵Ȼɬ֮⣬ȴǷŭ
ٺ٣ɫɰ
Ҫɱ㡭


1561 ټ
Ⱥɽƣףβ˦Ũ㹻Ϊ֮ա
һأҺĲɶá
Ѱ»ٶȣǸ࡭
ɽ޷УһȻӡ
͡
һƿ֡
һӰ漴Ŀٱ߶
ߵӰ˸ķߣһӰԵøء
Ӱٶȷɿ죬ͬпһ㣬֮ǵϵֲﶼʼѹˡ
ôǿȻֻţȴУĻ˿ֲٶȣȻֻѹֲ
ಡ
һӰʧãٴεһʮ˵Ķ鳯
ʮ˵ڣſµɷ֮УӴſɲ˺֮
䡭
ٴεһ޴Ӱ֡
Ӱͬһɽһ㣬ɫĽ˸ϡ
⾹Ȼһʥס
ˡ
ʥ׵ĳ֣ʮĺȵ
СԸˣץǸһɱ˭׽ˣ̳Ϊĺĵӣڵݡ
һĨʥ֮дݳ
ĵӣǿǼҪɲ֣һ찡
˷ڴĲ
ѰҲĻǾͻܵͽ䣬ҪĵҩͽҩҲܵƣԡҴŬѰҵǸСӣ
ǣ
أ쳹񷣬㹻Ŀĳһ˴ʱǺεȵڴ
ಡ
ʥʧ漴ʮҲٵ˸뿪
뿪ãһӰٴεĸֳ
Ӱģ쳣ֵķ·ǹһ㡣
һӰȴڸղ뿪һ
żʱѣӰ
ѩѪͫҶ컹˭
С椣ȻʥѰˣǺȻģһûƵĵز˵Īŭûг׵˺ġ
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˵Ҫ˺ˡ
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ǿ޿ӵǿɣ֮УҶ컹ûʱ
С椻ƶᰡ
ҶƲƲ죬ؿ˵
ǰСµο˸飬ȥ壬˭㵽ġ
ţħζ˵
뵽ԼŰ˲ͼ֮УȻûлῴ龰ɫţУǽһᰡ
С㣬߰ɣЩһǣ϶ᷢˣǣ²Ҫ̫ãͻѰҵġ
ߡ
ţħһ󱳸ҶٵĿ񱼡
䡭
ͻ֣
һݣ
Ҷɫһ䣬û뵽Էô졣
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ըףķ
Ԧʥ׵ǿߣȻŭ
һȻ뽫ҶɱϾѾ׽Ҷ졣
Ǿ㲻ΪǿĹֶΣȴҲʥɢģҶ赭дķֱΪ֮ŭѡ
ߡڵңﵽ˴첻𾳰ΪΪǵǸ׸𣿡
Ҷ˿˿⡣
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ôܡ
ʥ֮УһλӴ޷ŵɫա
ʥȴҲĿɲٶȰ
ҵʵӦÿսʤѰʥף޷˽⵽֮УǴŶʥףʱ̫õĻƱػǿߵעģȥƿһʥװҲʶһ£ʥ׵Ρ
ҶΪڴ
Լǿ˽ӽ·֮ҶŻͣЪ˾ѧת
ӦûˣѾڿ֮Уתٴε·ߣǶԷоǵϢҲ޷ҵǵġ
Ҷ촭Ϣ˼֮󣬻Ŀ˵
үˡ
ţħҲ΢΢ĴϢ˵
Ѿģٸһʥ׵Ļһж൱׵ġ
Ҷε˵
ǶģҶɲһûкõʥס
Ѿĵϵһ㣺
´л쵰һҪ˵˵
̲סűҶԹʮ˵
¡¡
ͻȻ𶯳
һߵӰɿĳҶ
ߵӰÿһſɲ޲ǼԦ׶ħޡ
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ޡ
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˿˿ɱ¾֮Ȼı
Ϣأ˪Ϣӿ
Ҳû뵽㾹ȻԻĳҵǰ
ѣҶ쵭˵


1562 ǿ̬
ѵѸٵ¶Թɫ
뵱ҶǸǿĴۣԼ޷
ﱻϵˣɲǼ򵥵顣
ǰƼ໥ںϵĴԪҲҪķѺֶܴΣָܹ
ޣںܶĴԪ򣬵ȻǿĴԪ򣬵ܵҲżʮĴԪˡ
νɱӣ
ѧ˵˼ɡ
õĺôҲǲٵġ
ΪһΣѵĵﱻˣΪܹ˿ǽԼЩٺһ䱦ȫķ˳
Ȼĺ໥֮ĸȴ൱ĺá
ˣѵȴһ
뵽һеٸ֮˱Ҷ죬ĵŭ̲סĿʼȼ
Ļ쵰
Ҫɱ㣡
Ҷ죬ѵҲ̲סĿʼŭ
ѣɴ⣡
˵֮е϶֮е˼ܲ˵Ц滢ҽ飬ڳıߣȴʧֵʱ
˵൱з
ߡ
̲סһߣȴҺֻܹԺ޺޵ĿҶ졣
ȻӢ۳꣬µʿ²򵥡
Ҷ죬¶˿˿Цݡ
Цݺֿ˳ˣǻǺһһɲݽɫ
Ҷ쾭̫ˣЦ滢ˣҲǲ٣ԶԷЦȻǺȴƭ
ôҪԼ˳ͷ𣿡
Ҷû˿Ŀ
Ϊ֮еϴ󣬲һֱû˵
Ǻǡôܣԭƺڴ첻ľ磬ת˲ʱ䣬ȴ뵽˰졭ΪϵĽֱ찡
ոյ£ʱĲ޵༸ˣҲ¶˾ɫ
Ĺ۲ʮֵĶȻҶʵϣ뵽ôࡣ
ǰӴ첻𾳵쵽죬Ĳľ硣
εţҲкܶҪʮǰʱſԴﵽҶŻ˶ٵʱ䣿
˲޵˺ܿ뵽Ҷϵܡ
һ϶ǴĳֿµľѧϹŵıûεܹôݵʱ֮бﵽ̶ȡ
һʱ䣬ڿҶ֮УѾֻǳޣķһ̰
Сӡϵһбڵϣģʹգ
ˡ
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ߡ
ҶһĨ⡣

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ɣ
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һ̣ǵͷƤ飬飬ȴҲûþ顣

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ʱѵĽ֣ʱ˿ʼ

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ѵĸá
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ߡ
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ڵԽ޼ɵ
ֻҪǴ̫žеٮٮߣȫĿӵЩˡ
ڵﵽ˴첻𾳵İΪ߲뵽ǧĿֲƶʮѵĿֲ֣ٴε̫һӵˣҲԭӵˡ
͡
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Ԧаħϵħıǡ
аħ˫ҶʵԽĸоһħĿֲ֮
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һͷ­𣬴ɳȥѳΪΪɲĺ࣬·һ򱬵һ㣬ȴӵĺˡ

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⼸ȻåȴåҪǻĺݽթնɱնɱѺҪҪ
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Ȼǻ۳ȺȴʥˣûȫĸԼĹܣʱҶնɱֵܣӣеķߺ޸ӵƿأһʱʧˡ
ɽȣ
ͨ壬˸ɽӰӡ
⿴ȥһƷһ
ĳ֣һɽӰ漴ıŷ
ϢŨ쳣ҶĶҲ΢΢һ١

һ٣˶ʱĳ
Ϊ׵Ķ趯ɽȡ
һһͶ֮УȻ̲ɽӰѹ
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˫ĿԹŷǷâʩչһ޴ħ
ħ޴ƥ·ʯһ㣬趯ѹһ
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˵֮ˣԦޣһ޴ħڿתħѪĲơ
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ӰҰսҰҡ
ǸţȴҲ޷ֿסҵġʲô
ۼһӾҪҶľͷ­ǾڴʱǾ޸Ȼһֵֻסˣ
ôܣ
Է޷ŵĿҶ졣
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Ҷ΢¶ɭȻݣ

͡
аħ֡
һնȥ

Ҫˡ
һ趯Լɽȡ
ۡ
ʩչħ֮ˣ޷ˣˡ


1563 ʥ
ϣ
ûеȵʼŭҶУȻٴγâ˸
ѩǹ
͡
ǹ˫
ǹ棬ֳ˿˿İâ
ۡ
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ôܣ
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Ȼǿ˵ﵽһ־֮һһľ޲ԵӳЧȴû˵ұ֤Լһű֮󣬱ȥı
Ҷ죬ͨǹӾͨԿסħ
˵Ҷھͨеͬʱſµ
ֹţǰͶţֱˣǰҶȽϣ֮
ŵŵĸֵܣνĲޣѾʵ
Ҳʱ߲ŸоˣԼҶ죬ֱһһĴ
ζˣ
ôһ̬̬

ݺݵѹסеŭ
εѹƣеŭȴ·һֻԡħһ㣬ڷŭ
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ţħʱǲϵļȡЩħϵľѪ
Σȴɱ¾ĵû˿
ȻվֱֳУħһĿɲ
ؼ䣬ӿһ⡣
һ⾹ȻòͶͷƤ飬ϵĺëֱ
ܡĵܡܡܡߵܡ
ﲻϵ֡
ÿһε³ϵŭȴʼޱȿ
硭Ҹȡʱ䣡
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ص˵ͷǱ飬ƺԵڵʲô
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һ֮Уƻȴ·̲׵ٵľˣ˹١
͡
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ر
ҶǿеİΧС
͡
䣬ݺݵشҶаħ

һ˿ϲ˶ϡ
⾪ϲȴֻһš
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ۡ
ڶ޷ŵ֮УҶȭֱӵĴ˶塣
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Լ塣
ʱ
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һУʮף絶ƽŹϵͼڣ̲Ѫȼա
ȻǷƷ
Ҳޣһ֮У˴ССսɱ¾޷Ԥƣȴû˵ǣǡȴҵܵȫնɱˣСӣһܾ˼ĥȻĴԶĥǣ޾Ļں֮У尾
ʥ׵ĺ֮С
ǲһԹĺ
ʥס
Ҷľ׽֣·Ʒζеζ
û뵽㾹ȻΪ˿ʥס
˿˿ĹЦ
϶ȣһֺǹĴڣ֮ĥϳ̶ȡ
ʥǱҸӵľҪƿʥףҪ϶ȡ
Ȼ϶һ㣬ûҲҪĵֿԼȴȥٻʥס
һʥ׵ĻƺʡԺܶ鷳ġ
Ҷ˫Ŀ
ʥףܵ˹ǵİѳ֣Ҷ쵱вȣûе֣ԷҲʥ׽Ҷһͷʹڣƺлˡ
㡭ȥɡ
ŭһƿʥףٵĳҶɱ˹
𣿡
ҶǹЦԽŨ
䡭
߲ߣݺݵسŶԷ˹

ҶĶԽķ
ȣ
֮


1564 ¶ħ̥
䡭
һҵ
漴һ޴Ӱӱĺɱ˵ϡ
͡
һӰٵĴӰ֮г֡
һŵѡ˿񱼡
ǱӣϾı黹˺֪⾹ȻҷĲ֮
֮
Ҷٴε֮
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ֲ֮˲䣬òʥ׵ƿس˷ɵЧ
ʥΪͼʥҲҪ϶ȣҪʥ׵ϿɣһȱҶ֮ʼʱҲһﱭߵ⵽ʥ׵ķɡ
͡
߲̤㣬Ҷ첻Źһ
аħ
ڶԷ㵵ı֮Уһţն
㡭ú
Ҷ죬ѳΪصĲĺ
ҶһѪѪħ
ûԷвҶ쵭˵
ɱʺɱ֮ؼ䲻ĵµĻȻɱ¾֮УΪеף¶ۡ
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Թ䣬ű̹ǵĲ˲
ۡ
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Ǻǡҵ׵֮ţٻħвǿ飬ԵĻҵҪȥʶһҡη壡
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һһʥףֻգԽնɱ֣Ȼ¡
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Ϊһ߼ʥͨĻɻǵͳв
õһʥףκΣϵȱݣ϶ȺܲȻûпȥƿһʥס
Ҷ΢΢ƲƲ͵˵
ʵǷԦһʥףһӾͳֵĻˣҶʵͨ죬ȴҲûа취ȫնɱܵС˺ġ
͡
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漴һʥ׵ĺĳ֡
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ռ俴Ʋ󣬵ȴַ·̲ǬһԪŨޱȵתԭܵƣȻڻָٶٴεõһµ
ΧŹϵ󷨣ȡԪٶȱҪѸʮս֮Уſµã⻹ֻǵͼʥףȼٸһĻǽӿֲǿǷҪǹעĴʥ׵ǿȴǲСġ
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϶ǿȣҶǿҪʥںϣΪͼʥףҲҪ굽ʮ겻ȵʱ䣬⻹ǿٵģˣʱδܹƿһʥס
ȡ
һС
ʱһζεѶϢҶԺ֮С
ʥױĹܣԲѯΧϢ
ͿƼںϣȻʥףԽһϵӳҺʥױ໥Ĳ䣬˵һһʥףǾͲ߶һԼҸӵǿ󡭡
ҶţܿıҵеĲ֮
㿴𣿡
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ʥ׵ãǧۡǧ
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ħ̥
Ҷһ
ΪĵĲԼ⣬ţħ⡣
ħ̥ÿһεѪǴ֮ǿĹЧ̫һӡֹʥԼЩʯﶼҪ׷׵ĳأɴ˿ɼеĹЧǶôĿֲ
˵֮УһֱСĽڸţħݣڿţħƺѾ¶ˡ
ģ˭ԵĺϤ
Ҷü˵
䡭
һ񱩵ľ磬ҶƿһʥףٵĿʼһ
鷳


1565 ЫŮ
һĵϣһվ
ˣһŮ໥վУƺڽš
Ůòˣһ˿˿ʣ֮һ˸ȣ˿ƮȻģ̲סҪ࿴ۣҪȥռ
һȻŮˡ
ƤʵĶȹ֮£ѩɫĴˣ񣬷·һԲ
ʵһӵź˿˿Ĳƣ˵̬һ޶Ѱѳס
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һȴϵĳһȥ
ȻһˣһСľʯ֮ϣ֮趯ȴ۶ɢʵȻδ֪ȴһȻ
һµǿߡ
ŮӣҶţħĻ϶ʶ
ΪǱˣڸոս뵽ʱǸΪŮӡ
Ҷţħ֮Ҳδ⣬ȴϾ֮Уһħ̥ļأźĪ
ߡ뿪ΣֻҪ֮УҪѰҵҲ£ӵ²֪Լߵͬħһڵļһһħ̥һֻɫţ֪Լݡħ۶ɢ˿˿·־ԼϵϢħ̥Ҫõħ̥Ҳֻбܹˡ
һͷųʵĿʯ֮ϵӣвӿһĨϣ
ħ̥ţħ̥بź֮ֵȾԽϵļֵҲԽͣħ̥صĴ컯˵̫ĻƱػѪ̣Ǹʱļֵ٣ԷʵҲѰ˿ȥģǼȻһﻹûȥΣȻûдﵽһֹĵزˣһĪĻᡭ
ﻺس˵
һ˫Ŀ·ǳ˸֮У˿˿â֮ԭȻ˫Ŀ֮Ҳ̲סĳһ˿ȡ
һ˿ȵĽŮӽǸʺλá
ƺǸо˱ڿԼ
Ҳ̲ס¶һĨ糺졣
һеĳȴӿ˫Ŀ棬ȴԵ˿⣬ΪǺϵ״ʲô
߰ɣ£лҪ˵
ʯϵͻȻ˵
ȻǵȻȴһɷǱѰİ
㡭
ˣһһŮǻᷢʲô飬ɵҲ֪뵽ԼΪŮһУߵȻزʣеһ˸̲סĽһ
͡
һâ˸Ȼĳ˵ӻɱȥ
顭
ѪɽûеȵӷӦʱ֮䣬Ѿâ˺ѳΪƬ

ʯٴεŭ
áá
ɫ䣬漴뿪֮Уڿ֮ȴ˿İ⣬еֻһɹɳ޺
硭ӷ뿪𣿡
ȴڴʱ
֮У˿˿ɱ
ʲô
߻ûԶһʱûзӦǺܿȴ޷ŵɫű
ˣǼһ·ģѵҪϾɱɣ
¶ЦݣЦݣ·ɻʢϾʣȴһȻȻ΢΢ڸסԼӣ¶˿˿ӣ죬ȴӵˣ֪ŮһºݶЫŮǴʱȴ̲סһڿˮ
ħ̥εȵҪҲȲܹԭ˼𣿡
һӿߡ
һֻĸог֡
ߡ
еһȴȻһƺߣ˲Ѫȴ˲ָȥһˣɱĳԶߡ
ۡ
һѪأ漴彩ӲûϢ
ߡҪ𣿡
ʯϵЦһ
䡭
һӰ˸
ʱһ׵ìӰŶԷȥ

оԼıĿɲ֮ӣ̲סķһ
ߣɡ
һĻ쳹ʱì̴顭
žžž
໥Ĵ¶˳ݵɫ
磬ԽԽǿˡ
ϵľӰ΢΢һɢ
ʮϵʥѾںһֻʥףĻƾҵʣԲ˵ģôõʱˣҲŽ뵽ʳΧεĸģڣֻҪҽϱӴˣҾԻܵõġ
˵ʱ¶һĨЦ
ǷԽԽǿϲ֪𣿡
͡
һӿһʱĽΧ˾ʯ
硭㻵ˡ
оǰӴŨϢС̲ס¶̺֮ɫ
ѵ㲻ϲ𣿡
ĽԼ쵽˶Էȹ֮УоĴк͵ԣԴѾһ֮С
ǰȵĸо紥һ㣬ñĽһĲһȴñ쳣ŵͷ׵ӣ˸ŲмĹâǺܿȴˮ
͡
ȹ˺ѣӾȻ컯֮£ǰıʼĽ漴ĳ֡
ߡ
Լһӵʱ䣬ͻȻһĶ£Ȼؼʱ̣֮У˿˿Ĳмŭȴòõ
͡
ͻأ֮䣬һ绮
Ȼӵϣһš

һƺ
ʱӵϴ޷ŵɫ
һ˫Ŀ֮УǾ֮ɫ
硭
оӾȻſԼϣ̲סĽ
ȴû뵽ѹԽԽ󣬵ȴԽԽ
һ˱ϡ
Ѫ
һ˿֡
ʱһ
Ѹٵӵ壬ȻѾ
ˣ
һ̲סľ
˭
޷ź;СǾ
ǽӳԹվ
˿˿Ѫ֮Уһ
ӵȻˡ
þòˡ
һ󵭵ն£Ӱ֡
ѩɣѪͫ䣬һֻɫħţϣϴЦЦɫҶ컹˭
Ȼ㣿
Ҷ죬̲סһĲ˶ʼʧɫǰѩĲ԰쳣
Ǻǡû뵽ɣ
Ҷ쵭˵
Ҳû뵽ʥ֮УȻǱŮˣȻºݶΪ˳ɾԼȻնɱôˡ
㰡λˣû뵽ּˡ
ɫЦҶ죬΢ȻٵתԼı飬վû˿ɬҶĿ⣬ȻͦԼĽ


1566 
͹£һļ·һˡ

ɫ
Ҷ쿴Ůһֱȱ޵Ůˣǰıȴһ۲۵Ů
ûݶ֡
ʵ⣬ع֣ѩȣı·һϸһ㣬Կһ϶Ů˵Ķ֮ͣôľͱҲΪһ㡣
ȻֻƳһ֣ȴԸоеľĶǡ
Ҷ죬пʼõǷ
û˿Ծܾ
˵ûκεһ˿ԾܾԼ塣
ı磬һһ׷ѰȨ֮ˣ˼ܣ飬һΡżȻĻ£Լ壬ʹ˳ΪõĹߡ
һµŮˣԼҰġ
Ҫɾϵĵλ
ˣֻڽµһʯѡ
ҶڿԼ壬иӵĵ⣬Ϊ֪ˣҶ콫ΪԼµĵʯ
ߣˣԽĲˣǿиɣȥǿʵȴʲô磬ǰȻ֪λɱģȴħֻ̥ҪȶһлᣬԭʼˣӦúǿɡԵĻΪҵķأ
һʱ䣬Դתĺܿ졣
΢ϵһ˲ʧ
΢΢̤㣬֮з
ԹĽ¶Ҷǰû˿ڵ˼
˸Ĺ󣬳Ҷǰͷ·һζһ㣬ξժ
Ҫ㡭
촽ӭ
ԴҰԵĻﴫݵҶĶߡ
˵ҲҶ̽ȥ
ţڵҶѾҪԼˡ
Цݻų
𣿡
ҶڶԷǰ˼ѡ
͡
һâ˸ͷƻ˱
㡭
޷ŵĿҶ졣
ԼǰһѪӣϾĽȥӵ졣
ڴʱȴƺǳΪһĪķ̡
ǺǣһҰʮŮˣһЫŮˡҿǳܲҰģӲҵǰ塭
Ҷϴŷ֮ɫ
ôŮ˰ƨɣز޲Ϊ׼ģ
ţħ˸̾
˵䣬ӣǴſϧɫ
֮־ޱȼᶨȻɫ֮ȴԵĲ˷Լ
ǿˣҶˡ
ţħĻʱףԼǺεȵıڸղţһУ޲ҶǰСĽɫ
ħҲôġ
ȻԹ
֮УȻһöʯʯ΢Ѹٵըѡ
һ⴫˲ϢĴݳȥ
Ӱʯ
䡭
Ҷһ𣬶ʱһԷȫĸ
ҪǴʯѾǲˡ
ǿеɵԷ꣬ʱһѶϢԺ֮С
Ůˣǿ°Ȼ׼Ǵʯ͸˲ʳһλӣѶϢǱ¶ˡ
ҶΪջ˵
ӰʯӰʯ档
ӰʯЯȴ޷ݳȥ
ǴӰʯȴһԽԼҪ͵Ķ͵¡
Ǳ˽ػһδӰʯѶϢձ˵õɿµĺ
Ҷɫ
ʳһȻ
Ĺ嶼˿ĲǸӵǿ֡
ҶѾΪѪѻڤʯԵʵǲʳٽħ̥Ϣ©ĻҶǿ϶ԷԻǲǿĸѰԼģʱԼνء
ȷʵ鷳
ţħ˵
ʥףҲǺǡ
Ҷ˫Ŀɺ˸֮ɫر
Ⱥ֮˸һϵĶǣȻС
һ˯ߣС
γʵʣԵ֮ȫƿΧԪͷŵ۷塣
ݻϵϵĴĲϸϸȥԸо
ϵĶ֮Уһ޴ĽԵø
һɫĽ
֮УһֳĿţ࣬ݰ𪣬ϰ塣
ȻֻﾲţϵѪȴϵݻΪһɫ֮ߡ
һ۴С
֮
֮Уһ˹У˿Դ׵̧
ô
ڷһؿ˵
ӡ·ͬСɣԷԲ飬ƱһȻ󲨣ˣһʱˣȻԼΪ˵ѣ˵͵ӰʯӦʵġ
˻̧Դ΢΢Ŀ˵
©һ㣬ӰʯǶԷģǳ֣֮Ȼһλ£ҲѾˣΣһϢҪˣħ̥Ҳûгֹبźħ̥̲ؼĴ컯ǵõеһ˿һΪͻͽ˵뱣ܡ
ǡ
̧Դصĵͷ
£СѾѹ˴֮⣬Ҳûж˵
ܺãˣĹͲС
ٴεķһҳ̧Դ


˵ӿȥѰĺܣȴһְߺߵںϡ
һ޷ܾϢ
һ־þλſγɵķǷ̲֮һֲֿˡ
˿˿˸·һεһ㡣
Ǽˣ
ӽһԵϣ΢΢ûµΣ˵
ӣһΣǶʮʥףڵҵһĹĹ֮УȴµģħķĹ
ž
ָȻֹͣ
ħȻķĹ
ӵ״ε¶֮ɫȻħǼ֮ˡ
ݹļأӦñǴɣħһŲʳ߲սݣսԺգԴӲʧ֮˼ҵಿҲʧˣħе
顭һĲ飬ôˣǸϼһµĶһ棬õĻɣǴ޾ҫʱ򣬲ʳٴξٰӦҵģ
˿˿һţ˲ʧ
ǡ
С
ٴε΢΢ü
ĵԲ飬ǾͳʥףߣССѣرȴ֪ħ̥ССĵ֮˿ʹõġ
ס
֮ϣݾ֮С
ҶԦţħٵıߡ
򣬴ĳ棬ԭҶ컹ֻΧȴûио룬ȴ𽥵ĸоĲ


1567 ˱
ϼⴹ
Щâ޾Ԫâγɵġ
֮𣬸Ӵһ
˵ԪŨزҶҲǳԾ
Ļ˵ãҵʵͿʼˡ
ţħΪĳζ
СĻ»ûĳأǵ֮أΪ㣬Ž㵮ģôӴԪڶԷǰ˵ãԷͶ
Ҷӵ˵
ҲүʴϻۣͿԶһء
ţħԴ˵
̫ˣҶ춼޷ȷĸоԷȥƵʸûС
Ҷû˵ֳһȣǰС
һɽȣǲ֮УıԭɽȣҶ򻵣ȴû뵽˼ʱ֮еĻָˣ⵹ҶΪľȣİš
ߵǰУãã֮У
ڼ䣬һλλ˸âǿޡ
߼Ԧޣݣ߱ɱ졣
һϵΧС
ţħзֹ
Ͼڵ߿νǳ£İ֮УѾ˺üˡ
򰡣ԶԶеô򵥣µĿƼ˵ĲԲѰ˿ȥģ˵֮п϶ˮ֣ңһҲΪ˳һ顭˳ܹսľ飬Ǿ޴ҪĲӦÿҵ٣սǳɳĸߡȺˣҪ٣ҶȻȥ޻أ
ƺǿţħеļɵҶ컺ؿ˵
ߡүȻẦ¡
ţħһɰԵ
ղ˼飬ǲǺ£һֳɣڱҶһȻĿʼ˺ڡ
𣿡
Ҷ첻ÿɷ˵
Ѹǰʱ̣ͻأ֮䣬һɱ֮֮г֡
һսӡ
ԦŹϵķݡ
еһˣվһðŻȹâĹ֮ϣòᣬʮۣ꣬һĨȻ
ֵȻֻǿߵϲŻ֣Ƕһ谭ӱ顣
â˸Ȼһơ
Ͷ֮䣬·תһ죬һ
һ˫ĿӥϵؿţһֿɲϢ
һۣ·Ǳħһ㡣
Ҷ΢΢һԷʮ˵ĳ̶ϡ
ÿһλڴ̫žһľϣΪ֮˵ľڴ̫ž۷壬һֻѾ̫žľ磬һޱǿ֮ˡ
ˣҶȻ壬ȴҲͶԷʲôӴ
ǺȻҶ첻ȥ鷳鷳ȴƺҪǵ
໥뿪
ڲ˲䣬Ϊ׵ȴ΢΢һȻתͷ
סСӣվס
Ҷüͷ𣬱ŶԷؿ˵
𣿡
Ȼ˵ȴûת
ʱɫ΢΢һ䣬˫Ŀ֮У˿˿Ĳ˲׵ֲϣ
ת㣡
Ҷ˫ֱת壬ŶԷ˵
£
һֻߣһʮ˵Ķ飬֮Ҳǲۣһʱ˲˵פΧۡ
ģκεĴԪƺӦ
ǼҴ˵㾹Ȼ˵̬ȣ
һλȻŭѵ˼ǾӸµ̬Ҷüͷ΢΢һ塣
ȥүģװʲôţƵģΪ˻Ҫɣ
ţħں
һţѾʼ¶˲֮ɫ
㡭
ţħԴϬȻǳ˿Ӧģһʱ̲סһ
ߡһֻ
꿴ţħһۣһ˫Ŀ֮ȴ˸˿˿⡣
ֱ˵Һæ
Ҷһ˿͡
ߡҹ˱Ҫʵˣû˲͵ģСӣǵһ
˱ǣȻǹ˱ǰ
˼ҵĳǿߣȽȽһǣΪ˼ҵĵһţĳ֮㰡
ţѾΪ˰ִߣҲ֮УΪִ߰
ǰÿһλִߣԺϽԺǿ֮УΪϵ֯ǹϵļͲʳˣԺҲҪֵġ
ܹڰ֮ǰΪԺִߣһΪ򵥣Ժǰ;
µļһСӣȻҶڹ˱˵
ӣȥһӵͼĴԪĵѣڹ˱Ǵ˵ϡ
˵ݵҶĶߣҶ΢΢һ
֣һϣǿ˼
ԺܹԡΪȻؿԿĳԺǿ
ţԺɰĹǴģÿһλԺִ߳ԱЩǿߣǿߣݻԺƿء
𽥵γһɿԺ͹Կʵ
ԺĴΪܹõάϵԼļ塣
ǵ˽գ˭Ҳû뵽Ρ
Ժǿ󣬿ν纣ûκεһ˿˵еĿ³̶ȡ
ǰ֮ǰΪԺһλִߣ˱ǾԵĲ򵥡
Χ˵ͺ;˱ǵҲ΢΢¶һĨɫ
ϧ˫ĿҶ쿴ȥʱȴ̲סüͷ
ҶʱȻû˿ı仯ͷ·һʯͷһ㣬һ˿ĲûС
Сӣڽеҿ
˱ǵﵭ˵
һΣѾղ࣬ȴԵ
һɿɲƷ趯
ƣλߵƣֻھþλſγ˿ɲ̬
ȣɽȣȵȡ֮еĶƺ˼ҵĵӣ˵ĸףλ΢δ˼֮Уȴǲ۲۵Ĺ˼֮ˡ
ҶŶ䡣
ҵһϢ
ԭˡȻ͹˱໥ʶһǣȴǺ죬Թ˱ǵıԣ֪˶նɱҲǲܱģδز뷨
ž
΢΢һ
Ǹ㽻˰ۿ
Ҷһֿ϶档

˱ǵȻķЦ
ͽȻ֮䣬˫ĿУɭȻâ
âһ㣬ɭ̹ǣ
Сӣɽȣֻ֪һӵһɽȣǱǲ֮е϶һɽǶԷΪҪı˲Ҫ˵ˣǴһ£ܣô͸㣿
͡
ĲӰ˸
һѾسҶΧ˹ȥ
ǲˣҳΪִ֮󣬱Ҫնɱȴû뵽Ȼûлᣬ˵ʵȥǵģɼöǣЩҶԲܣҹ˼ҵĲٱɽȾҹ˼һֻе֮뽫黹Сǵı


1568 ˺
Ҷ˫Ŀؿϡ
˸ɺ죬У˿˿ĻɬȥҶڵͼ
ǵı
Ҷ¶˹ŹֵĻߣؿ˵
Ҷı仯˱ǵı൱棺
޵ҲȥģϿ϶õǵıЩȥմȾģкܴһ֣ǹʧڽ׳㽫Ǵһҹ˱ǽǷһ飬ҵǷһ飬Ӧÿо֪ˡ
˱ǵſ϶˵
ȻǷ˹˱ǵһ鰡
ǱκεıҪ֮ɵӲŻѡܾء
СǺޣҿ˵ģСǲŴ첻𾳵Ϊ˵սʤ߸ӯ֮ˣп϶ʲôè塭
Ƿ˹˱ǵ飬Ժν֮һϣκε˶Ҫ˱һӡ
ٴε
ɣ֮УȴһֵĽڰ
Ȼ󲿷ֵ˻ĽҶȴҲ¶˿˿⡣
ûɵӣֻ˼ķʽһѡ
ҶҲãʵҲգϵıһϽɳȥǾͻᱻ˱£νһ飬ǿͷ֧Ʊ㲻ʲôҪ֮ġ
Ҿܾ
Ҷ쵭˵
ʲô
ܾˣ
ǰ׳𣿡
׳ϾˣȻѡ񽻺öѡ񽻶ҲԼ˭һӵѣȻܾ˹˱Ǵˣֱǲ֪ôд
˵ٴεĳ֡
ʱۼѾԽԽ࣬һǹ˱ǵʵ͵λ߳Ѱ̫ˡ
˵Ӱĳ֣ôˣȻҲ¡
һҶĹ̬ȡ
ܾ
˱ǵıЩɬȫû뵽龹Ȼӡ
ȫǲװ
Ǻܿģ˱ǵɫȴʼѿ
㾹ȻҾܾҵҪ󡭡
ҶЦ˵
ʵҪȥսʤޣһģ˵ʵںһĻؼ汸ڵȥѹƵģԼûбȥԷıնɱǣȴΪҺ۸ҵıԺˣѵɫ㵱˶һ׳𣿡

˱ǵɫޱȡ
Ҷһϯص˺𣬸˽Ҵе뷨
һʱ߳ŭĺ
м֮йһЩӣڻйϵڸһȥһ
˱ǵݵĺԶ
ǴʱȴǽԼͼ׵ı¶
˱Ǻһ仰ԺɫҲʼ仯
˵һɾвҶĻȻʲô˵ĻɣȴҶҪﲻɣٴεѡвҶ죬Եľڿʼѹһˡ
һʱ䣬е˿ʼɫ΢΢ı仯

ҶȻĹЦ
ϴ޷ڸǵķЦݡ
ЦεȵĴ̶ͷ·ǸоʲôЦһ㡣
Цʲô
˱ǵıޡ
̫Цˡ
ҶסԼĶӣڵĴϢ˵
Ǳ飬̬ڷ̡
ԺϵĴΪʲôİ׳վȻҲԳΪԺִߣֱǲܵ鰡㲻ߺ˰ɣԲһΪֱԺư
Ҷ֮Уޱȵķ̣ûиԷ˿ӡ
һΣ˱̫˰ɡ
ǰΪִߣȻĵԼ̫ϻ˲ɣ
ԺʲôĻǶԷˣ͵ó˵һĻᰴһ
Ժ۸
ߴ˵˱ǵ嶼ʼĶ
飬󣬵ΪҶ쳹׵ˣҲ˵顣
ߡԺȻҪΪִߵһԱҲʸȥκεˣ֮Ի㣬Ҳиݵģ뵽ʱ䣬ոյĺ⼸ϣԣֻҪǵһǣǲȥĻҲŻй

˵ģһâ貵ڶԷС
𰡡⻹ֻǻɾҪΪүԲ𣿡
ţħ̲סĺ

˱ŭ
͡
һâ˸ʱҶƹȥţǺơ
ΧʮˣǳҶİΧ
Ҳݡ
ҶҲ̲סı˴ֿڡ
ѾĺǰеЩƨִ߻ûʲô
鱾ͺС˱ȴѡһȥ
ҶԼıסĻӭԼĽ޾ĥҲֻһ;󣬻ᱻһĪе

ɫԾµɣ趯ݡ
ҶŭȻıŷ
Է޼ɵѾ
͡
ָûâ
ն
顭
ǵâ޼ɵϢâ˸ƥ˲˺һ
˱ǵɫ˲䣬վΧҲǿʼ¶һĨŭ⡣
㾹ȻҵֿԺСӣôĵӣķ
Ҷ˫Ŀ΢΢𣬿֮Уէ֡
˫ֱ·֮䣬ͬһߣ
ԺԺֻ˵оԺҪҲգ
ŶԷѾŤҶٴεȵ
ֻ̰ϵıȴ˹Ѫ׽ңߣԺ˵죬Ҳֻ˭ȭͷ˭
һϯʱ˵ΧΧ̲֮סĵͷ
ǰԺֻڹǵĺ֮γɵģΪάϵԼʲôʱԺȴԹܽˣ
ǵǰǹ֮ΪԼҫ𽥵͸ҲʼƹܣߣǵεֵõԺ̣ܽ
ʲô
ŶȥˣһССĹ˱ʲôѵһ첻ɣ
һʱ䣬ҶĻжԺĲ
˱ɵˣȫû뵽Լֻ̰Ҷϵıȴôӡ
Լع鵽ԺԻܵͽġ
ڣȴĳ֡
ɱڤ粻飬ѹ
ѹү
ţħͲˬˡ
޼ɵݵ˱ߴ᲻ϡ
һţѸٵĳһһȥ

һǿվȻһľ޴Ѻۡ
Ѻ죬
˲䣬ٵгһ
ӣһ֣Ѿǳ׵˺ˡ
Ȼ˱ǵŭһ
ʱһ޴޳֡
ȻҶ˹
âûߣҶȥ
ߡ
ҶﳤХһ
һ޴Ļ֡
ɷĲչ֡
֮У׻ͷ
ħ֮


1569 ɱ񱼣
𡭡
ХɵĹâ
ħ֮ҶΪ񱩵һ
ʱ֣ʱֱ쵽ףֱֻʩչ
Ȼ𶯡

ޱץס
ң
оһɴĳ֣˱ǵɫסһ䡣
ȥģ
ţħ˦ԼţӣֱӵĳŶԷȥ

ţӷ·һöµӡһ㣬ĺɱ˶Էǰٶ֮죬Ѱ˵
ţħҶ֮ϵĽ
Ȼһ־ѧʩչˡ
ڽ뵽˰֮õĴҲ٣ʱΪȵάϵ˴̫žľ硣
Ȼͬľ֮Уǹ˱ҪСһЩħ̥ѰҪֲɰǧ
һţӵ㹻һɽķ档
ۡ
һѪ̲סı
˱ˡ
𡭡
ħ֮ٵʩչǿеתŶԷ壬ûеȵ˱ǷӦ㿪ʼѹ
ҡôĵӣҪ첻ɣǹ˼ҵĴүԺִߣô£̵ķ޷ееĺ
ȴ֪ҶԸ
ȻѾˣ޷ˣȻ޷أҶﻹݵ˶Էлᡣ
Եġ
ţħԸ𱬷ǷֻţӺݺݵ˦
ţүү


ħţ䡣
һ޴ħţ֣ݺݵѹȥʮ˴ǿ޵

޴ħ֮Ҳûţ˺ߣǹ˱ǵ
һȭɱȥ
ҶľͶԷȽϲ̫ˡ
ҶȴʮƵļӳ֡
ǿᡣ
Ǳ
֮ΪصһַûϺϵǿȴ෨֮ϣΪһ˵
ʮƵǾ߰ٱӳ֡
Ҷħ֮ĳȭ
˫ȭ赣졣
СӣǴ췴ɣ
˱ﻹԭĵ̬ڵıǰҶˡ
²Ҫġ
Ҷ޼ɵҪˡ
ۡ

ѪϵĹѡ
Ҷһȭħ֮һȭɱ
ɭȻİ׹ǣεȵĿֲҪԷ׵ĸ˺ѵһ
Ҫ
һâų
һӰ֡
Ӱ˿˿Ľ󣬰ԵϢʼֳ
ʥף
Ҷһ
ȫˣһϻʥס
ȥүģװʲôţƵģ
ţħȵһȥ
ħţ漴ڶԷĽŲ
ţ͵ĺܣǿµֱҪһƬ籩
籩
ݺݵش˶ԷϵĹâ

ӹ˱ǵﴫ
ʥ׻ûȫٻȴţħֱӵĴٻķġ
Ѿģ
ҶȻ֪֮ףʱ߲ʩչܵ˶Էǰ
ԼȭͷͳŶԷк˹ȥ
ϣ
һâʼֳ
һ»ס
棬»֮Ƿ
ȻסҶһȭ
Ǿˣȴ޷ȫĵֿסҶȭͷϵ
漴ıŷѺۡ

ҶٴεһȭӶ
һȭž˵â
ǳ֮

ٴεһȭ
¡¡
һȭȭӣΧһ˳׵ɵˡ
ȫû뵽ճ֣Ȼ顣
һﵽ˭
첻𾳵ΪѣȻôǿ᣿
ǳӵĿɲȻԽʥ׵һȦʥˡ
ƺǴ̫žΪ찡Ҫ𣿡
ߡ׳հεģһǹ˱ǣһŹ˼ҵ׷ɱģԺҲݺݵش飬ԺԺҲ˵ġ
һｫ˱ǷŹģҲȴģ谡ǿҵ衭
˵
֮䣬ȻҶĺˬȴûм֧Ϊ䵣ǵĺܡ
飡
Ҷٴεһȭ

һȭſֲĽ֮޵ǳ֮
ƻݺݵһƬĿռƬ
·ǲһĿռƬ˵ľ
ꡭ
׹ѣ˷顣
ۡ
˱ǵѪϴžɫ
ҵʥף
ҲһţûҲΪԺΪһλִߡ
й˼֧
ˣǰ;
ռҶ죬ԭֻҪҶȡһĺôѡ
֮еĶҲ˼֮ˣȻ˵λӣôʱˣϵıǲٵģԭ˱ǻΪռ˱ˣΪִߵݣҶȻùԹԵķϱ
ȴû뵽ûȴһ١
ǿԼʥױ֮иӵ
һǹ𣿡
ʥףǿǹϵǿߴġ
ϵǿǴ˵֮еĴ֮ǿߡ
ȻһʥֻһƷ˲֮һĹ򣬵޷СڷϿµľˡ
ǵҶһʥ׵˲䣬ȴ׵ĳ
㵨ɱҡǹ˼ҵĵӣõԺִߣǵɱң㽫ɿѹģ
˱˺ѷεĺ
ǿѾ˺üˣẦټϼ𣿡
ҶһȭöԷԴ
Ӹţħ
ɡ
ţħһţӺݺݵؼ̤ȥ

֮˲䵽ܡ
·Ǳһ㡣
ɱˣ
ɱ˹˱ǣ
һǹ𣿡
ˣ߰ǻ
߰
˴ĺȵ
Ҷüͷ
ͻȻ˸һĨļ¶
ߡ
һסţħĺȵ
µֱҶ죬дҪˡ
ʲôСӵϱ϶ٰǻһʥףûء
ţħ˵
̰˱ǵһﱦ
ǾʱҶеļ¶øǿ
ߡ
һţħķɱ
¡¡
ռ伤
һֱֻ۾
ָһ㣬
𡭡
ߵĺݳ
ſɲϢ
һֻ֣·֣֮֮Щùޣ޲Ǳ˺ѳΪƬ
Ҳ
ţħֽһֱӵѾӼӿٶȡ
ɱҹ˼ӵܣεӱ޷ѣ
ɿĴ˳
һֿɲɱϢ
ȥүġ
Ҷĺȵ
֣
Χһǿǣ̲סһ¡
϶ǹ˼ҵĳˣҶ쾹Ȼʱȥ죬ֱǵ޷ݡ
ߡ
һŭֱ۾Ȼ쵽˼£ɿĳҶץ˹
·Ⱥ趯ռƬ
һĳҶ׷Ѱȥ


1570 ׷ɱ

Ҷŭһ
һ׷Ѱʵŭ쳣̲סתӶȭͷ
ӡȭȭ
һȭ̲Ҷذ򣬴ſ񱩣֮޾ƺƵı
ǺӲλı䣬ʼ֡
춼ʼ
Ǻεȵһȭ
ħ֮תһҶ忪ʼ
ǧ仯ںϳΪһȭ
䡭
޴ֱ۶ʱһȭײһǺ飬һɿ֮ͬһ㣬ɢ䣬þõûͣЪ
Ǿ޴ֱȴͣ
žžž
һžʼ֡
˾ȵֱ۾ȻѾʼƻ˼¡
漴ĹѳΪĩ
ߡ
һӰ֡
˺ա
˱˫֣죬Ұɫĳһ̶ãһ֮У˿˿⣬нˣϸϸĿȥȻһС
СȻ󣬿ȴſµâԵĲǷƷ
֣ңңĿȥĿâ֮µľ
һǿ߹˷ɽ
ڿͷϽε֮ͻȻķ˶ԷݣʼĽ
˷ɽ֮У˼ҵľǿߣƿʥףһ֮ɱ¾һǵ
Ŵ֮ǰˣʱʵڴ̫ž۷壬ʱѾȥˣʵȻ뵽һµľ硭
˵˵
ƺ֪˷ɽһޱ˷ֵܺý顣
ߡ
Ϊ˷ɽһʱһżӳ˵ǰ
СӣȻһĻ壬ΪӳϷ𣿡
֮ϣ𽥺ϵһۼ˷ɽﵭ˵
֮У˺ѳΪ֫Ĺ˱ǣɫһ˦ʱ̤գķԶȥ

˷ɽһߣʱ˿ʼ˴ڴϢ
¡ʵ̫ˡ
Է૵ĵ
ǰʮĿ°ȻԴﵽ̶ȣֱˡ
ǰǿߣֻȴѾ޷ϢˣԷ֣ҿԷһж޷ֿס
С˭군ˣǵ˹˷ɽǾ·һ
ǰȻˣûǹ˷ɽ˵𣿴˸Ӳơ
֮ڼ
һεսǰ֮һκսˡ
䡭
ҶȭŲãٵƿһ϶Ķ
ģϼһϢȻűү
ţħ̲סĿʼ
ǵץʱܡ
Ҷ˵ͷǿ϶˵
˵ʵӦڴ̫žľϣȻǿ£ƻĺãҲδػẦ
ڵʵԽɱġ
ţħĺ
ͻȻȻֹϵëϴ޷ŵɫȻת
ֻǱһɿµͻأı
һߴʮ׵Ӱɿ̤
Ӱ·һСɽһ㣬ƻ̤ÿһ·ͷһĲȥģʽ̤ͬԼһ㣬ÿһε̤㶼һļٲ
ӡ¡ǡ
Щӵʼи֡
꣡
ţħ̲ס漴ٴβ˻
үûǿXţ׷Ĵүôո
Ҷݲ䣬ǶţħŭȴҲ̲סһݸ
ߡ
һŭ𴫳
˷ɽɫ쳣
ȻϷɣ
Ȼ˲
УһΪѾﵽһ˼ľ磬ǼԦʥףǸӵĿֲ
ôġô죿
ţħ˦ţӣĿ񱼣ǺͶԷ֮ľ벻ụ̂ǧľˡ
ǸŽӽǧľ룬ɭȻȴо
޷ȻһҪǾһݴ񣬹˼ȥһλ˱ǣٴεһǿߣ֪᲻أ
ҶǷһĨЦ˵
Сӣܹҹ˷ɽУҲϱӻĺ£ңҲĲңһƳΪͣ꣬ҽѹȥֻأõ֮ȼ꣬ڽһС
ȴű޲ĲǳʵħѹķĹ
һʱ䣬նʼݳ𺳵
ͬһʥּһ⡣
ǿ߸о
ƺǹ˼ҵľǿߣ˷ɽ
ǰϼһôͳأ
ϷţΪϲһӣҲǹ˼ΪǱһСȻһ㿴׷ѰˣƺСӡ
ǺǡСӺˣСӵĽΣǹ˼ҵǸһȴʼһ°
ϧˣһŰ
һʼ
ȴҲвٵǿ߿ʼ׷Ѱ˹ȥ
ˣǹ˷ɽ㾳ǿߣѾȥˡ
ˣǿߣһ֣Ʊػˣǲеһ˿һҲһ¡
ߡ
˷ɽŭ
ԦʥףȻԾ𣬾Ȼ˲Ϣ֮䣬ǰʮ
ǵǿ磬ǿеһһ֮ʮǻ˳ˣˣǴ̫žǿҲ޷ġ
ڽʥףԷȫһ㡣

˷ɽ·һֻԶŵħ޿ʼһһֻ޾
֮ǧķΧʼС
ǳʼٿֵǿߣƨûţֱӵıǿֲѹΪ촷ۡ
ҲүģҪţүү塣
ţħֽһҶͷʼ񱼡
ֻһȻţħϣ˺ѳһ޴˺ۡ
Ϊţħǿ󣬻ǳˣͱȫ˺ѳΪˡ
䣡
˷ɽٴεĳ֡
ʥʩչıһꪡ
ⳤꪣ޴ޱȣӡУµϵͷţ֮䣬ǿղϡ
ֳƵĸо·ǿնʼҶţħѹ˹ȥ
˵ĸоȻзѡ
ħ֮ܣ
ҶֵĽһħܴ֮ȥ
ɫ䣬˫Ŀâߵ·߶·һĿġ
ߣ΢㾹ȻնɱҵĺˣҪܵͽ䣬ܵ䡣
һֲûΪ˹һ㣬Ȼжһ˺һħ֮ܡ
ȻֻԵĵֿס˶ԷҶȴ¶˿ĵɫ
䡭
ٴεһݳ
ʱĹ˷ɽƺǺ޼Ҷţħʱ򣬾Ȼѡֳ׵Ļɱǣǲϵȥɱ׷Ѱǡ
Ǹоͬè׽һ㣬˲пϷʸС
ˡ
Ҷ趯â˺һǿգȻĴ˽ȥ
˷ɽһġ
Ҷݳ
ߵɫʱĿ䣬֮УԦſɲʥף׷Ѱȥ


1571 

ҶţħĴܽһƬռѺ֮С
ǰδ䡣
ȥģ
ţħоҶԼĴ㣬̲סĿʼʵ
һʵ޷֮ԿǼҵƣҲ޷ԿҪԱΪѣȻ޷ͶԷ⣬ȴ޷ȥһ֡
Ҷ˫ĿĲ˸
ܲˡ
ռٴεĹѣ漴һӰ֡
˷ɽѾ׷Ѱ˹
ռΧżʮϢת
Ǽǿ֮⣬ǴսԼռ˵Сˡ
ϧֻܹ𣿡
һӿ
ϲ̫ˣղţҿţСӾȻնɱ˹˱ǣ˱ǵʵﵽ˴̫ž۷壬벽ͿԽ̫žˣСһȻնɱԷʵĲ򵥰
ǰܿϧԷϷѪҪ˵ɱһССĹ˱ǣǽǹ˼ɱ¾ɾˣϷҲᱣġ
ǿĺˣǼĸҲǼδ˵Ļû˵
սɣսɣ֪һսǷһµ򡣡
Сӵϣſնɱ֮ıǹ˱ǶΪ֮ĵı֪Ǻ
̰ɢԼϢ
ϵıڵĻǾҵġ
һ˰Եĺȵ
֮䣬ƺ˭ҲûиоҶͶԷսͬһȼϵģԽԵľͲһѰ顣
ܣҪ𣿡
Ź˷ɽҶﵭ˵
֮Уû˿ĵӣǷƵӣ·һʵһ㡣
ܹϷ׷Ѱôõʱ䣬ҲʵˣΪ˲ǵˣϷҲϧ֮ģΪµġ
Ҷ죬˷ɽȷʵǾȡ
֮УһֿϧĲ
ȥүģװʲôβǰһõĴ̫žǿߣ׷ɱһȼôˣ㻹˼˵˹ûʣͷŮ˺үȥϴˣʱȰ
ţħΨ²ҵĺ
ݵ൱֮Զ
仰ЩСҲͰˣЩ͹˷ɽͬһǿߣȴ̲ס¶˹Źֵɫ
ԭ˷ɽʱйһ֪κΣ컯Ūˣ֪ŵȻ˹˷ɽһλӣ˷ɽˡ
һñӴޱʵȻ˵һ鱻˷ɽѹ
ȴ©˷ҲˣΪ˹˷ɽеʹ
ĥʹٴεıţħҿһ˰̣еķߺǿ֪
Ҫɱ㣡
ŭ֮֮Ĵݳ
ķҪ÷
ǳλرɫһǦƿʼγɣҶ·ħһѹ
ܺãܺãݣһħ裬ϷȻὫնɱ֮Ը㡣
˷ɽһԹ˵
ʱǽһ󰡡
С
˵ģǦƱһֻ̽
ꪷ衣
ʥףʼ
ߡ
Ҷŭһ
ϵâ˸һʼ
ƣӳ֣
ٴεʮӰ֡
ıŷ
˷ɽΧˮйͨ
ȻĶ㣬ٵĳȥ

˷ɽĺ
ꪷ裬ԵǷʥףǸħһ㣬ǿ˲佫ΧΧ׷׵˺ѳΪ˷顣
ǺεȵľѧȻԲƻһЧСӵϻǱ
һЩһǿǣ׷׵ĸ̾
˫ĿҪðĿҶ죬ӻѵҪҶɵһ㡣
˿µľѧʩչӵĿµģģ˵ľѧΪʲôϷûз֣
֮ԴĽͼʡ
Ȼڿǹ˷ɽ֮Ҳʼޱȼʡ
ǼɵڵʱҪȥҶ죬׳ϵˡ

޴֮Уһʮ׷׵ı˷ɽ顣
޴ʥףЯſֲɱ⣬Ҷ׷Ѱȥ
ǴʱҶȴ·ǻֵһ㣬Ȼƾǿ߲ϵض˶ԷϮ
䡭
ٴεһȭɱһΣҶɱĵطȴԼı

һɲĺɫѸٵĳΧɢ
𡭡
һ㣬ΧĻȻȻĴ
ĺڰаѪࡢ̰ȵิӵĲʼΧ˹ȥ
ǡ
һλߵϴžɫޱȵĽ
ǡ
·ǿռѵһɹɵаʼԽײеĳΧɢţš
Χס˷ԲķΧ
֮أǵ֮ذ
λǿҲ̲סİ
֮أ
ֵĳ֣ʱڳ˿ʼɫ䡣
ÿһԪ֮Уżն֮أЩն֮أſµĻأ̲ޱȿֲؼΪµħޡ
֮ǰ֮УΪȥĴ֮һ
׶֮أڰźöദÿһǿߴܡ
֮أ֮ĿºакܴһԭŷǱѰľա
ǵ֮еĶħ˯ĵط
һУỽг˯
˽룬һʱ̣ᱻɳΪޡ
޽УȻҪúܶ࣬Ϊµȴһ˵ʵ
ڰ硣
ǹ˷ɽΨһĸо
ΧȻ԰׵һѪζ
磬ǵڵһ㣬Ȼֺڰɫ磬ֻǹ˷ɽһָоҲɫģڸйȴƺֻڰ׶ɫ
ɽʯʯȴû˿İʹеֻһɭȻϢʣ˲
ľɼϧû˿Ŀȴһĸо

Ҷ΢΢һڵˡ
Ѿ˼뵽λãҺõģԼƺоˡ
˷ɽʵӦڴ̫žĳ̶ϣԼֻ֣ýĶˡ
ˡ
µȵָҶ죬˷ɽϴſɲϢؿ˵
СӣΣ㶼Ҫ䣬Ϸĺܲҵġ
Ҷ첻ÿɷĵ˵ͷǱȴſɲЦ
Ц·ǲмڷ̡
㡭
ҶЦһʱ˷ɽɫԽѿ

ŭһ
ٵǰȥ
ϡ
ͻأ֮䣬һɬʥ׾Ȼת
ô£
žžž
ʥ׷·ѾԼĳﵽһޡ
䡭
ʥڰ˼ʱ֮ڵ̲סһ漴ĵ


1572 Ѿ
͡
˷ɽѸٵĳ
һƬľ
ֻʥ棬ԭ˸ʱȻ⼣߰ߡ
ǺɵʥװǾǧķ紵򶼲⼣ġ
һ°ĺɫֲڷҡҷֲ￪ѩʥĻ䣬⻨棬˿˿Ѫ۳֣һЦЦ
ǡ֮ﾹȻǵ֮أ
ʥĻ꣬ɺѪ˿ʱһֹͱĸо
֮أȻСӣͼƻˣ
Ҷ죬˷ɽ̲סĳһɿµĺ⡣
Ѱĵط˷ɽҲẦ£˷ɽȴòɵ
̫ˣ޷һֿ¡
֮أǰеĴڣټ֮УܵķֲŴԼʮ֮ء
ÿһɹޡ
ޣʤǳȴֻмˣЩ֮Уһ룬֮޲䣬·ǱµǿеԪһ㣬̬˵˼£ܹľҲֻһ˿ѣǷˡ
뵽˹ǵ֮صĴţ˷ɽɫҪôѿжôѿ
òѾ֪ﵽʲôطˡ
ҶıǵȻڹ˷ɽǰҪôѿжôѿ
㡭쵰
һ˷ɽѾſµ糯Ҷ˹
ٶȷɿޱȣղҲ˶٣ֻй˷ɽԼ˲֪ԼԪѾɬĴﵽһ˵ĵز
ԼÿһεתԸоԼ巢ž֮
ߡ
Ҷ챳һӰ֡
ս
ѩǹ衣
ϣ
ǹݺݵ˶Էȭͷ
𡭡
սһ㣬ٵĳŶԷѹ
ʱĹ˷ɽܹӳʵҲֻԭɶѣѩǹâʱǾ޴Ĵ˳ȥ
һɿµʱù˷ɽоԼһŤȭͷϵľʹ˳Լֱ۴ݵȫ羷һһ΢鴤˲ĵ˹ȥ
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˳Ҷţħû֮ܵصƣ˷ɽʵܵƣһһʱĹ˷ɽֱҪߵˡ
ƣүõĺأŨѵεĻܵƣ
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ոյ£ţħȻվ壬֧ǰֻţӣ·Ǳļٳ
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һǼǵţӣÿһεĳ֣Թһ磬ֲ㹻ǳԼϾʹޱȣĵطҲͰˣطǿܵаƣû˿ķȥһ㰡
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ͬʱһҲ漴ı
˷ɽȻĻӶԼֱۣâۻӶȻһ㣬ݺݵػţħţӡ
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Ȼţħݺݵش˳ȥ
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һڶ߻졣
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˷ɽûü⣬оԼһɴٴεγˡ
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ɡ
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͡
ѸٵķһëȻĦһѪ۳֡

˷ɽڵĴϢţ¶ǽһޡ
һ˫ĿԹޱȵĿҶ죬޲õĽҶ˶ȥ
Сӣбµĺ潻֣
˷ɽڵ
潻֣ŰҪģûмôҪģԦʥ׷ɱǣϸ߳ô࣬Ȼǳȥ㽻֣껹ܸ޳һ𣿡
ţħһֵøķ
һȺǿ߶̲ס΢΢鴤Լǡ
Ȼ޷ĿڲΣܹŹ˷ɽ˵㻰ȻʱĹ˷ɽѾ˼ˡ
쵰쵰Ϸܹ
˷ɽĶĺ
ꡭ
Դ棬ʵС͵ķһ
ˡ
һӰ֡
ɵٵĳԼϰΧ
ЩӴҵķͿµĲ㹻һƬķӿ
žžž
淢µĲ
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ŭϹԸʤŤתȻѹЧҶţħ̲ס¶˾ȵɫ
һĿ³̶ȣ˷ɽȫʢʱҲಮٰ
һѵ˵ɣ
ţħԼţޣ˵
ܵģһϲŰĻ͸óˣñǴ֮ٳְɡ
Ҷü˵
֪Ҳϼһû֮󣬾ϲŰأ
ţħĻʱù˷ɽǺݺݵس鴤еŭȼգ¶Сһ¡
ˣˣһԼϵȻʱҪӻȥǡ
Ҷ˫Ŀ𣬺â˸
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͡ӡȭȭȭӡ죡
˫ȭͲӶ硣
ȻĳŶԷϴȥ
֪
˷ɽĺ
ϣ
Ȼ˷ɽϣֻһţ˲䣬һݺݵؽҶ˳ȥ
ŵŵš
Ҷɿĳź浹ʮ
ȴ¶һĨŹֵЦݡ
ڵĳ̶ȣεܹҵĻĲܵġ
˷ɽ߰˵˫Ŀ׹˸ѾҶţħ
ŶԷԼţħʱһĶ£ǸţöҲ֮ʧˡ
õĿѾĿү֮УôǶԴүȤӡ
仰˵꣬˷ɽûһҭ
ܺáǿɺ޵ħ裬΢ϣһܵĥġ
ҶͻȻЦŹ˷ɽ¶һĨصĲ
ʵ˵ɣ
˷ɽԣҶǹЦ̬̲סĽе
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žžž
ոյ£ϵȻһĹ
漴Ȼѡ
ž
ȭȭӡ죡
ҶУٴεĳȭɱ
Ѿģ
ţħǹֽһŶԷԼţӡ


1573 Ա

˷ɽĲҽ
ǲҽеһλһȺ뺷ʿ֡һŮ
䡭
飡
ߵĳ֣û˿ԥ㲡Ҫõĺ
ۡ
ǿҵľʹ֮£˷ɽ̲סһһڵѪ
ƽ߸ϣܵͶԴЩ꣬ٶ֣Ϊʵ˲ǵ磬Ѿˣʸˡ
ôܣҵѾʼˣΪʲôǻ˵˥
˷ɽ
׳գͺһƬѩɽ֮ϣȻȼ˲𣬽ԼůȴǻѸٵıѩɽϵ¶סģǵȼٶ࣬ȴҲ޷ѩɽϵĻѩͱԿ
ҶЦ˵
˷ɽҲһȻڹעԼı֮ΪľҪгһյʹãȴû뵽ˣֻõʱ̫ˡ

˷ɽڵĴϢţɫɷס
޷ŵĿԼϣ׹ɭȻⲼڵĿʼҶţħ˹ȥ
СӣһΰΣɱҹ˼ҵĹ˱ǣҲ磬ˣǹ˼ҲԲ׷˵㽫Ϸ򼱻ɱĻӭĽ޷󵽵ÿֲҺ߳ȥʱͿգǾԵĲȥ鷳ΨһĻˡ
֮УȻһĨв
ΨһĻ𣿡
Ҷһ㶣ȻЦ
ôѵҪ˺˲ɣ
˷ɽɫһʮĺȵ
ˣҪ̫ķˣҹ˼ңĴ壬εܹҹ˼ҵĶ֣Ϸһ£㶼޷ȥе
һõǿߣȻҪвˣﵽЧǹĵġ
һʱ䣬վǿǣ̲ס¶˸ɫ˿ʼ˲м
ǹ˼ңһϼ𣿡
ʺ򲻹ˣвֶΣ޳ܵ˼°
Сĵ㰡һ˷ɽĻ㵨˵⻰𣿡
˵ϵĳ֣㻰ν񶾣ҿ˷ɽûԻᱻѪɡ
뷨
Ҷ쵭·ƽĺˮһ㣬޷ȥԷͼ
ǡ𣿡
ҶĻͻȻһתȻ¶һĨЦݣ˵
㡭̫
˷ɽɫޱѿ
ʵ͵λղŵǻѾڰˣԼĵλȥҶ죬ѾҶˡ
ȴû뵽Ҷ쾹Ȼǲͬ⣬һʱ˷ɽŭȼ
̫ߣôĿʲôʱѡǹ˼ˣ˱֮ԻҲΪǹ˼ҵ̫İԵˣҵıҡ㣬ѵ˵Ҳ˵ĵһûκε˽𣿡
Ҷ¶˿˿ķЦݣؿ˵
Ҫɱ㡭
˷ɽ˱ĺ
תѧѪ緢·֮䣬һӰʼֳ
Ѫɽ緢
תâ˸
һɺ嫵ɿ
·֮䣬֮ϳǦƣǦѹǣ
ˡ
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˷ɽȻ̤㣬ȻѡҶ໥Ŀ
һﳹ׵ķ˰ɣԼ֮ܵƣȻѡˣ
˾ȵĽе
ǹ˷ɽǹ˷ɽȻԼһȻԼϵȼԼԪע֫ٺӱԴ߶ǿԪȼϣʩչʱһͻٲĵزնɱǸСӣһҲ˻Σˡ
жϳ˹˷ɽѡ
ʱ򣬿˭˵ѡġ
ɱ
Ѫӿˣ·һƬ֮УޱȾ߶֣֮嫵֮ϵǦƣĳɱȥ

Ҷ첻ȥϻ̤߲߶Űӡȭ
ȭÿһȭһ⾳ÿһȭ־
ϵޣޱ;춯ص
ʱһʩչ·Ҫһ㣬ݺݵسŶԷײ
䡭
һ춯ص
˲ʱ䣬ѣڡ
ۡ
ȭ⣬̲߰ٱļӳ֣ĺɱȥʱ˷ɽɱķѣ޴ƣ·Ǿ֣֮ȴӭҶ֮󣬱Ƶòˡ

Ǳı֣ʱľɢΪϸ΢
аҶ޷ȥȴŵϢȻﲻ򵥡
Ҷ׵֮ţЩ⣬һԽսԽ¡
ԴԴϵڵĽҪγһŨʵˣΪҶϵÿһëס

ٴε˺谭Ҷһȭ˹˷ɽ

֮䣬Ȼһɾ޴˳һȭѣʧɫﰧ
˷ɽ߶Ԫȼ꣬߶Լһ˵Ǵ˳޷ҶԿ
һȭУʱĵ˳ȥڵѪϣڡ˫Ŀǿס޲©Ѫ
ûˣҶϷ˵ĶԿûˣСӣǵһȴҲһϷҲҪһ𣡡
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ϵѪٴεȼԼԪһɺ嫵ʼȼճ֣ӿ뵽Լ֫ٺ֮С
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ſ񱼹Ҷ죬ɱⱬ˺ĳ̶ȡ
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ռѹơ𣬴ѷ
Ҷʩչѧ¶˷ɫ
ǡ
ռ
˷ɽ˲УһľȻ

ӡȭ趯ħһ㡣
꣡
ѡ
ۡ
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һѪʱĹ˷ɽһеľżһ㣬һҡڲϡ
͡
һֻֽӡûһꪣݺݵش̴Ҷ壬ֱӶУֲı
Ҫһɡ
˷ɽ˻ţϴļµı顣
䡭
һ𣬽Ҷ߷ɵ֮⡣
ߡ
ҶﲻмЦһϴűӵɫ
ľչֳ
ֻת˲ҶϵȴѸٵĻָ˹
ôܣ
˷ɽѪѾ˼һУȻӱˣ
Ҳ첻Ҫ
ɭĻ֮УȻԾһǧףת˲Ҷǰ˫ۻıסҶ
Ц
ɣԱ
䡭


1574 ·
ռ䱬ƣرٲȻһ̬
֮ض·Ǳһ㣬һĺڰаſµĹӰʼϡ
ѪĲ
һʱ䣬е˿ʼóĬд޷ڸǵľ㵡
Աˣ
ôܣõĴ̫žǿߣȻѡԱ
˼һονǿˣ˷ɽΪǼ֮ʧܺʧ
ò˵ٵˣһεĽֿ൱Ŀĵġ
Ͼϵļ壬Ȼʵϣȴٲ˵ġ
ϧСӾȻԱ֮УըҶʣ
һλǿߵͬǳһ㣬سֳǿֲ̬òٵˣһ
һλµĴܳˡ
˵ţϧӴ
˵αĸ̾ȴбӡ
Ҷ컹ڵĻ£һҪᵽˣЩαļһǡ
ߡ
ϧˣһ񡭡
˲ϵķ̾
˭Ҳûз֣֮صڲһСȴһ˸ߵڻıպš
䡭
𵴣һԭʼɽ֮ϣռѣ漴һɫĺۼɣ·Ƕħһ㣬ſԼΪɲϢ
ŴӰصˤ
͡
ϢתҶ˫Ŀɢâϵ쳣ٵʩչֹͨסԼ³
֮еһѺۣ¶һĨЦ⡣
ÿµԱ
һţħµ˵
һԱԼ߱˿ռ籩ҶĿռ֮ػһУţħ϶ܵشġ
ǼһｫԼеԪȼȼգȻԱ޷󵽵ġ
ҶĨĨ˵
һεսȫǽҡ
Ϊ˷ɽܵ˵֮صƣ޷ӳԭĳ̶ȣҶţתȴҲûȥԷƵԱġ
һεջҲǲٰ
Ժ֮УֳǰһսҶ¶˿ĵɫĿ˵
ʲôط
ţħΧĻ˵
ҶĿһΧĻ
޷衢Գһ˼ɾ̬
֪ԪΪŨ
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ȷʵŨǵ֮ȴǱүΪϲĵطĻԻñүʵһǧ
ţħ˼µĵطʾޱȵϲ
߰ɡԪ˵Ũ˵ûѰҵζϺõҩݡ
ΧҶ쿪˵
һΣռ˴ˣȻ˵ϵ˺ɣľİ֮£ȴѾڿʼָˡ
˵Ȼ˵˿ڣʵȴûʲôصĵط
ΧȺɽƣȻޣȴҲ˿˿Ѫ޺
ҶţħߣԳոߵûкķѶٵҶ죬ԪޱȣָӵѸˡ
һӵʱ֮УҶϵƻָ߰˳ɵĵزʣµģٹյȫĻָ
ͬʱһɽҲǵǰ
һɽأɽͷͬħ㹭һشɽɽͷм䣬·ǼԦħʿ
ϸϸĿȥ֣Ȼûٺ͸Ҷǰȴ·ǳһĻ档
һ׵ʿԦһ޴ħ
ΧĻƺҲʼø
Ҷ֮Ȼ
ʱΧһпʼԽ
ôܣ
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ΧԪûɽΧۣ˵ɽΧκεһжƺСⲻϵСһֵλϵСΧֲﲻϵسһɽƣȴǰֲ̫࣬ﻹɽʯƺһɽһ־˵ļɵ
һĹϲڰ·ʿ˽һ̬
Լ֮䣬ҶоǰһĴɽһ㣬ԼվڶԷǰһɲʿԼ
ӴƲϵĿʼѹơ
ɷ֮ơ
Ƶ
һʱ䲻֪æЩʲôĿ˵
ɷ֮ƣ
Ҷ΢΢һϳ˺֮ɫ
ƣһ㲻ȻγɵģֻǿǰŻ޷ֿǿиһĳ֣Ȼʱƣջ֮󣬿ʼչɷ֮ơ
¶һ̶С۾϶˵
˼˵ɽǻ
Ҷ쾪ޱȵʵ
ݡ
һ̶С۾һ
ĸ˵ɽˣһɽ˵ɽ˵һĹء
ٺ٣ҺæԼɡ
ûеȵҶȥһﾹȻವһӣٴεʧˡ
ȥصġ
Ҷһľ
ľïܣޣһĹµϢ
еСݣƺܵԪ̲Ȼʮ׵ĳȡ
һ֣Ҷţħţħһţֱӵ
һɽƺԼܽҲŽʮľ롣
ҶţħѡϢ
һ֮󣬴
ҲŴͨľˣеߵȻһȴһֵ㣬ȻһĹ̵УԵ˲ٵĺöˡ
ĹȻ㣬ȴûʧֹжϿ϶ûģһĹڷĹ֮ежôľ޴󰡣
Ҷ޷еĸ
Ĺ۲죬һɽðĳ̶ȡ
ƺе˰ɡ
΢΢˼֮УҶĶȴûͣЪ
ǿ̲ŨԪɿڵĺܣܿģҶ㽫Լ뷨ѹţħս
ߣȥ
Ҷţħ˵
ϡԪ˵Ũ֪жٵ֣ߣһܰ
ߵٶȼӿ죬Լǰʮҵ·֮һѾ𽥱仯
ΧһУѾȫı䣬ǾĽأ˲ýһ㡣
Χѹ˵ֲҶ¶һĨ⣺
ԵֶΣҶ̬˶ˡ
䡭
ƺڻӦҶĻʱһɽȻ͵Ĳһ֣˲䣬ΧѹȻ
˾˵ѹ·һħ𽥵һ㡣
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޵У
һʱ䣬ľ۶ϣɽʯ
ҶţħҲ漴оˣһƣƺѹԼǰ
ߡ
Ҷһ
սӿ˷漴ľ
ЩԵеֶΣȻ֪ɽĹ·֮УʲôˣǵƾһְԵ̬ȴѾ㹻Ҷˡ
𡭡
ս֡
ҶȻ̤


1575 ׷ɱ
ո߿գϼޡ
֮ȼյ棬ڳ
ԪŨ˼¡
Ҷͷսһһӡǰ
ǰľ̷·ħӰһ㣬ϵķĦ
Ҷ̤㣬ǰѹҲڲϵš
Ҷϣâ˸
һ˿˿Ļɷ֮ӿ
սѪ·ܵǰɽ·صļǿ֮ġ
ţħʱڽţھһζҩ
ħŷɣʵȴҲڵֿǰѹ
أΧԪѾ۵ʵʡ
ǽﵽҺ̬ԪҶÿһ£ϵؽ뵽Ҷھ֮С
ɽ¡
Ҷ쿴ȥ
һ޴ɽ壬ƺǺ͸ղſĲһ
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һֹ°ԵƿصϢС
˭
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֮ۡ
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ֻһӰףԦһɫħݺķһĻӶԼֱۡ
ͷϴżУ޷Էģһ˫Ŀ֮Уȴһ־˵ķâ·һâһ㣬Ĺ⻪˸ķ
͡
Ҷ죬ƺǸоҶĿ̽
ſµħŭ𣬷ų춯صİԵ
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һֺεȵ
ҶɫȻŵϣѾԵĽʮ׵̬жʼ
˵±̫һӵ˶Ҫֲֻŭһıɽ
Էĳ֣ǵöôĿֲ
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ҲҶĿռ֮άϵ£Լǿĳ̶ϣ̬ġ
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ս֮ǰһڿ񱼡
˴Źӣݲʮģ˫ĿùԶ˫գһ·Ӵܡ

Ҷ쵱ϵ˵
һЩ˺ԼûκεĽҶ첻ͶԷ̫ĦҪս

ţħΪȻĵ˵ͷ
Ǿ֮ȴ̲סɵۡ
ֻ꾹Ȼ͵һ赽һ·֮ϡ
·ϼ󣬾Ȼûв˿ѹ·Ƕû˿ų⣬ǹ·֮еĲûгֺԿ
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ѾһӣҶĶͷȴ̲ס¶
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˵䣬ӰȻһԵ֮
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1576 ޱ֮
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Ӱ˿˿⡣
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ķеӣɵЧƾˡ
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ӰٴεתһľȻ۾سһ˹ȥ


1577 Թޣ
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ͷƤ飬䡣
͸뵽ˣһλǿߣĿֶΣͶصٺãĶôĴ죬ȴҲ޷ڸסԷĹ۲졣
͡
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ֻһѣһﾹȻﵽ˵ĳ̶ȣʵҶ찵Եľħʵ


1578 
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ڹϵļ֮Уﵽ˴̫žΪҲܵ˵ʹġ
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ɷţһβ⡣
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1579 ´Σһɱ
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޴Ĳԣ·Ǵصĳͽһ㣬ĻţѪǵɳס
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Сӣëң˭ҲȲ㣬ħѪͳѪͳϴħĴУħبŵǿߣض޷ƿأõ˴еңǶ֣ϣޱȿɱϡ
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Ҷȴ·վĲսһ㡣
岻ܣȻĶ
һ̤ء
䡭
˳γɣҶһȭŶԷָֿȥ
һ̤ĵ´˵İ
һŵĳ֣ʼð
ҶȭͷȴƵһ㣬·û˿
Ĳ֮£ϵļͷߺ޸ӵ
ɡ
ꡭ
ŭ֮صײһ𣬷ĿֲƳ֣˲ͬǱնһΣ˺ѳΪΡ
䡭
ߵײ籩ԪҪһĳΧơ
һɽ屻ǿеΪ˾޴ʯ顣
ǣ
⴫ŭĺҶ˫Ŀâ
֮
͡

һȭݺݵسŶԷǰٴεĻӶȥһΣҶļӳ˰ٱȭ
ۡ
ʱͬǶߵһ㣬źݺݵص˳ȥ
ޣ
Թ
ʱжҶɱѾ޷ݡ

Ҷ֮дһֿµϢһ־档
ǻ۳ȺǷˣȻĴҶϸо־档
ҲģģһǴħϵõ˺ôһˣ
ʱʹҶ죬Լħ
ֻһΪʲôȴΪıｻңΪʲôһֻһħҵѪڣȴΪı㡣
֮УԷϱøӷ
ħ
ž
žʼϱ
Ϣž
֮ϣħӰʼøᡣ
ɽӣ׿Х
ǳ˸
βҡڣˡ
ֻһӰȴֳ˾˵
𡭡
ٴεϾȻʼ棬Ƭ
ЩƬźɫĹâȴޱߵķ
ϣϣֱϡĵطѾʼЩƬ
һӰںһ
˫ۻӶϵ¡ɼ
һŭϵĹâȻı
ڵһִĵز
֮һ·ǸоѹֵĲһʱ䣬޲֮
ϣһħһ㡣
һһ˵𣿡
Ҷһ˿мĻߡ
һǺԼսԼҪӦҲҪķѲСѾԼĽǲۣûа취ȥյеĸ
ӵĿԼȱݣҲʹöԷʧȥԭж
㣬ᷢӳԼеӵʧȥԭƿأ
΢
˫Ŀâü֮۴Ź⻪֮ͬϵعճصķġ

Ҷ̤ݺݵس֡
һȭѹ
ӡȭ
һȭ̲Ҷľںһϵ
𡭡
ͷųޱ֮
ȭĸӿֲ
׳գ
Ҷ쳹ͬŭõ濪ʼ
ɫ䡣
һ޴ȭͷʱѾǰγˡ
ɲȭ⣬һͷųĿֲ·ŭ
Ũ˼µ֮ϡ
ĺ֮Уռ䶼ҶƿС
䡭

һҶʵļ̲޾ȭѾ͵Ľ˳ȥ
ۡ
Ѫɡ
ϵĺɫƬѾ׵¶аס׹ǵļ⡣
ڵϵ꣬ʱţһ˫Ŀ֮ȴɴԹ֮ɫղŸӵҡ
СӣǷĺܰ
ţħƲƲɵ˵
ʶôһΪţħĻ˵ǲʶôʶ̧١
ĸڷǱϧƺǶǱֻҪͶĻȡ˵İӵϵǱͿµĴУȴûиеǿ֮ģӵı
Ҷ컺ؿ˵
ɫ΢䣬ҶǵȻӣԭиıȴ¶˱Цݣ
Сӣα˼ʵ˵㻰Ϊħи˸ǿεĻҵĶ֣ڵ㣬ֻǲ뽻ҵĶѣǲŹģڵɱ㣬ȴһҵõ˲Ķ˱ҵĴУ޷ܵĴѣ
͡
Ҷ˫Ŀâ꣬ҲȻĳһĨɱ⣺
´Σһɱ㡭


1580 ˼ս
Ҷ棬һѾ御ˣǿħϣͳնɱ˶Է
ңħҲǶԼġ
ħԿ׽Ҷ죬Ǳ֪ĻԻὫìͷָ
ǲʳˣЩˣΪӦñǵõһöԿס
뵽ЩҶеɱ̲סĳ֣ȴҲվûг֡
𡭡
Ҷת˲䣬͵ٴγ֡
ȭ֮УްħռĹѣһɫħȥצʩչ
㶮ʲôʲôε֪еʹ࣬ԵĻֻҪԼ԰֮жȹһǵһһжˣ
͡
Ҷüͷ𣬸оĿֲɱ⡣
ϱȻı
ӡȭ
һӰֳ

޾Ӱ
޾
磬ϣſµѹǺɫħҶǰ·һ㣬ֵһᡣ
Ӱ֣ӡȭ·Ҫһոµ硣
㲻룬û˿Ա㣬ҪԼЩĪеĽڡ
䡭
Ҷŭ
ȭͨ죬ֻȭͷ·˺һС
ɫħһ˲䱻˺ѳΪ˷ĩ
ۡ
ٴε緢һѪѪȾϵĳۡ
ž
ٴη䵽˵ϡ
Ҷ˫Ŀеֻ޾ı䣺
ɱ㣬´Σûôõˡ
תת
߲
ȻʧһԳԹ۾о
һҶѾ׵ʧˡ
Ӧÿ򵽺ܶġ
ɱġ
ţħѵõûӣ˵
֪
Ҷص˵ͷ
֮פ㣬֮£ʮ֮ĵط
һŭ𣬷Ϊ
Ҹоʱ򣬲ѵʱħȻħһǾʹħ־뷨һ￴ƶԼѪϧʵҲŲһء
Ҷǿ϶˵
Ըоħ϶ԼĺС
ԼΨһѪǲصȴҲ޷Լ顣
²ⲻĻħӦǽԼһʩչ˴˵֮УǸʱɱ»ħķһթĺܡ
˫ĿâҶתƮȻȥ
䡭
һ֮ͻȻı
˿˿ħ⣬Ȼֻһ˿ħ⣬ȴ·𾭹ħףһ㣬ֿµĲķ
ʲô
ҶȻһ
֮ۡ
Բƺǽһ㣬޷ڸס
ħϢħϢ
Ҷ΢ȻĿˣʮ֮ĵطħĺˣһħ˫ĺɫ˸
һ˫ĿѪӣѪޱȡ
ƱղžȻǿʮ
ߡضħɱ𣿸Լ޵ʧ֮ٴεĸ־õɳޱǿ󣬹ȻǺֶΣҶ㵱ӿʼƵˡ
ҶǱ䡣
ϾκεһˣӶһ¡
ǳԹĴ
ߡ
˫Ŀ죬û·֮УΪֲħһ㡣
𡭡
һŭɽӣΪ֮һ
ʱĳ
ʼɢԲʮķΧԷ׵ǿʵղźֹҪǿʮ
ɽħӵת
һɿɲҶѹ
Ƿʮ֮Ҷ졣

ŹһҶ챾ѾǿħϣڸҪ֡
𡭡
һŭһͨذĺȻı
޴״ŷѪϢҶת˲
𡭡
Ҷ컹ûжϵ֮ȴȻ趯
ˣ
֣͵ĴҶͷų
һ֮Ӱʼŷ
ǡ
ţħŵϴһţ˿˿ľ˹â
ôܣ
ҶҲǾȵĺܣ־Ȼ״εԼֻ塣
ѵ
ĺҶԼĲ²⵽еԭ򣬺Ȼϵħ֮ѾԼӵеܡ
𡭡
֡
ַ·̲ؼΪǿһצ֣ݺݵ˺Χ
˿ûĽĺӲ˺ѹȥһǼצѸٵĽ˺ѳΪޡ
βҡڣֱӽǿֲɱΪƬ
ߡѾħĴУСӣɡ
һߴ꾹ȻȻĴգ漴ʧ֮䡣
ݣ
ţħħţҲûţֱӵĳִȥ
һţӣݺݵӡյѺ֮С

һĲҽȻ֮
ҶţħȴԼĽδܹЧһӦûš
һμ¡Ӧ
ţħƲƲ͵˵
Ҷû˵תȥ
ɱ¾顣
һΣҶܽˡ
ֲĲȴǾȡ
һֱǽһöֵһתֶΣṩǿ֮
ڿ൱Ĳ򵥡
ղŵƣֲԵһֺأ·ſһɽһĵȥΪһӵĿ죬Իᱻѹ顣
оڵַһõ֮Ҷ˫Ŀ˵
¡¡
Լǰ˰ľ֮һײеϢȴʼ
䡭
һγɡ
γֱߣֱӵĳҶϺɱ
¡¡
ٴεĳǧƵĹ
Ǧѹǡ
ҶȻ̧ͷһӰʼֳ
Ӱſ¶Ľ
յһƬ
һʱ䣬еǣ׷׵¶˾ɫ
ݡ
Ҷ죬Ҳ̲ס
߲תһٵ˸
䣡䣡䣡
޴·Ҫһ㣬Ҷĺɱȫûɬʱ䡣
ģô£
ţħţӣٵĿ񱼡
βͱһıԵɨУʱֱն˰ء
֮ۡ
Ҷüһ
ʱһӰӱ
ĹޱߵƣӵϢ̬
ҷ֮
ȫû˿ֱӵķ
սս
Ҷͫ
֡
һֻٻֳԴ档
֮·ǸоǿΣʱ֮׷׵ĻסҶţħ
˺ҹ˼ҵˣ˭Ҳܹ㵨ӣҲ
һݳ
٣űϢҶѹƹ


1581 ץĹʴ
壡
޾壬սǺ֮֮УĽ
Ѱ֮ˣҪ˵ӵսҪһ£һֵýˡ
Ҷ˫ĿɺĹԣ˸˵ʼ¡һžȲ֮УȻһµ߲·ǻ˹һ㡣
ս
ͷŵ˾޴ޱߵĵز
սӡǷ·ԡˣչֳԼ
޴Ϊ˿ߣصĻȥ
䡭
޴ʼ쳹
ս֮ͷųޱѹʱĿʼ顣
ȣ
˫ĿԲҶϵ˵ɢ˾޴ܺʥĹԣ֮޲ʼǿе顣
͡
Ծ·Ƿһ㡣
̬ǿ̲סΪ֮̾ѡ
һʲô
ٵоޱȵĽ
ս֮С
һĿһ޴ľĻ
棬һڷɱƮݵĶ·𻯵һ㡣
һɣѵջˣҪǵսԿ
һӲм˵
ϾЩмͳӡ
һλӣ˫ֱһ׺ɫۣޱ飬һ˫Ŀ·ոձһ㣬ɢ˿˿ĺâӴδȴȹԡ
һ˫۾ʵǹŹֵĺܣ˸ȥ׵֮ӣһۣ·ǸоԼȼյһ㣬Ǵ۵Ĺԣӵ޷ܡ
˿һһĨ⣺
ɴ⣬˽ǹ˷ɽնɱԼֶΣһжҪСĵ㣬ϵʱЩţ͵ˣһ޵ս⣬ţſԽնɱԼĶ֣Ȼ˵ֻǹϵĴ˵ĺܣҪСԼκһ֣ĻǵĽ͹˷ɽһģһûУ
һ仰·һ㣬ըеĽ
ǡ
ĺȵ
ٴεתһϸϸĿȥ֣ᷢ˵ƺǺ˷ɽ߷ֵơ
Ǵ˸ӵأȴһֽթ·һֻϻĶһ㣬ֻҪһСģܵԷ޾Ļɱ
˭ȴԼǲĵܵһնɱҵĵܵܣǾɽһΪ㱨ġ
֮䣬һ˿ٴεĳ֡
ͷڣһȻҪǾ֮ء
ɣ
һͻȻĿ˵
òᣬȥҲֻжʮģ࿡ȴһϢ
һ˫Ŀ֮дŽ޾ţ
ǵڣһͷţʧ飬ЩǼʱܹʩչһСϡ
ʴʲô˼ϷҲΥɣ
Ϊʴ꣬΢΢Լ˫Ŀ˿õ˵
ڣֻһǾͿԽһɷĩСɱҸ˱ǣܹô򵥵ľͽɱҪĥϵĥĥãܣ
ԹĹâ˫Ŀ֮ԽĿֲת֮䣬Ȼȫγ˺ڰĹâͫ׶
ȫڣ·ĺڶһ㣬ɵ
ߡϻϣѵˣҲսƿߣֻܹЭң
ߡ
ϻĺһ˵ϵıȴʼԽѿ
ͷһҰ
ʴĺȵ
ǡ
ĳ֡
ʱһâսͷ˳
ϡ
·ʯɣɢޱߵĸʴ
תۼıӭӵҶ졣

ȻĳһΣ˼ȷʵǷŭˡ
ǰȻ󣬵ȴ֮еһֿµľΪͷųģͷųûп񱩵ĹģȴſµĸʴЧһס֮˵嶼޷ֻܹסȻȴ
ǰǴ̫žǿߣȥѵģСӣ׵군ˣȻ֪
ʱ䣬ΧѾ˲ٵǿߣǻߵ̸ÿһ仰޲ڶҶʾá
˵Ҷһ˿ߡ
ǿµЦ
ССҲҪҰס𣡡
ɱ
һ̣Ҷ쳹׵ͷųԼֺ͡սӡǡ
֣Ǵһشڡ
ε⾳תΪεּ
ÿһö֣̲ʩչ󣬿졣
Ҷö֣ûʩչߵȴߵĿֲ
ʩչö֣ͷųԼıܣҶıⱦ࣬ȭʩչ
ӡȭ;ס
ȭȭʩչֵǿ󲨶
ֻǡսӡǺıʱںһһ޴һ㣬ںϵΧҶȭͷ棬ľ
꣡
һ֣Χߵʱһ㣬ʼʼѵ޷ںһ

ö֣ٴεĲоҶϵĿս⡣
սӰԦӰʩչǹ
䡭
޾޴󣬾ȻӰʩչУݺݵسЩȥ
ꡭ
֮ϳ֣ҶħƲɵ
ˣȻ
˼飬ôܣﰡ
һͽ˺ѵģֽ𣿡
ΧΧǿǣ̲סĿʼǳ鴤ϴ޷ŵɫ૵˵
ⲻܣ
ʴȻԼеıӸˤ飬ԭ¶ͷı飺
˺ѣһʥ׶εסǹ֮ж޷ȥиȻͽֵ˺ѣ
ӣô죿
һСĿŹʴٴεĿޱĹϻʵ
ߺߡҲã˵СӵļֵԽĿֲˣȻҪ棬Ǿİɣħ
ħ
ֵĳ֣ʱһ
ϻ̲סĵɴԼ۾
ͷųȥ
˵ı֣ʴ̲סĺ
ǡ
һĽе
ɡħǲɼ˰ʱóǿ̲ſµħóȻʩչƱػע⣬ʴȰ˼
ʴĿŹϻ˵
ϻϣҵľҪ̵ҡ
žǰսҶۿžҪȥˣͻȻ֮䣬һɱϢʼԼϢǺεȵľˣ·һ޴֮һ㡣
¸¸¡ħζ޾ħζľţүүпڸˡ
ţħͻȻسҶߣһ֮ɫĿ֮ϵս


1582 аħ֮
һ֮ˣȻ˵ǿʵ˾Ȱ
ǧ֮⣬һ޴սУڲһλ΢΢Ŀ˵
ڴ˵ߣһλ֮˵ŮŭĿǰľĻԲĽϵŭʼ
ģԼͬСϻݣȻ˭
ĻУҶǹ˼սսڱš
ļһãøϽ
ȵ̲סߺߵ˵
ȡ
ӵ̲סĿ˵֮зһֵ𱸣ȴ޲Ǵ˿˿֮ɫ
Сˢҵ֤һǼһظ׵Ļˣʧشľˡ
ӵüͷ΢΢İеöʯ³һ
㻹˵ŵ飬СҲ뿪ǵƣ鷳ˣʱֵĻƱػĲҺ͹˼˽Թʲô¡
һԺÿüë΢΢ϴžȵɫ
ѵ˵Ĵ㽫СӸɣҪ֪Сӿɲһʡ͵ĵƣΪһͽľǲȷŶ
ȻŴȤȴӴ˿˿ĺ棬ȻЩף⵱ҼΪʲôῴһСϾҶȻǺȴƺûǱԼĸƴŵ˼ҵǰ£Сӱסɡ
СѾͷ龫֣ΪҲ֪ЩʲôأǲΪľЩǷףСӲֵǳ֣
ȵһγһԺÿȻûȥ˵ǱȴѾԼе뷨ϡ
ߣСӵʵȻһ㣬ԿսԲһ˿Դﵽĳ̶ˣƽûмļֵҵĳ̶ȣ޷еˮ׼ġ
ǺÿǣȻǲмһˡ

û׵ӣӲŭЦƺǶСѾͷʵûа취ˡ
ûǽĶͷָһ㣺
㰡ôƤȴ֪ȥ˼һԭ򣬰بսݣҲԴɵģ֮УΪǿǲʳ壬ֻеϺСҲˣʢ˥ʳһĵʵʧ֮һʱȺ׵״̬ҲҪͳǿʳΪ֮ǸʱǼҲ漴ĽҸ壬ϵ׳Լ
㻰Ȼ֮£Ҳ״εЩ飬ȴƺ޷شղѯʵ⣺
Сʲôϵ𣿡
Ұĵš
û˵
Ŷ
Լĸ׷ŭӣ̲ס࣬漴һԱ̬Сĵš
ʱƣⲻʳڵĲյַ٣Ǽȴ˴󷢺ƣԼεȶǸʱǣǺѣҹϵǽܣȻǽֵܣȴҲǺ޼ģţҰҲ֮󣬺ܿģһҲ˷ˣΪ飬ʹԭ㿪ʼ˼϶ĹϵúȻѡ
˵ʱ̲ס̾Ϣһ
޵ǿǱǲеİͻͽʵҲȻıǵټƿ֪ģǺʥ׵ĳȴһ㣬ʳʥף·һһ㣬ɨһУʱֵģʱ˼ҡҵȵȵļ壬׷׵ҪԼµصʥ׵оϣǼȴΪȻΪֻΪģìԽԽ£ԭ̽Ĺϵ׵ķˡ
ȻʳҲԭǿ󣬵֮ĹϵȴҲҲûԭֺг෴ǣⲻʳ֮Ҳʼ໥ݻ˽գγ˼ͼ֮ĿìܵĽʥס
ƺЩףȴδȫ˽⡣
Ǻǣ򵥵˵СͬһöδֻҪǺĵһȻؿǵõĪģֲ̫ˣƽبŵʷҲûгֹѵ˵СӵѪ֮УǴ˵֮еǼֹѪͳɣ
Сӻô𣿡
ȵüһ֮У˿˿ŭȼգ
ߡ˲õѪΣȥˣɶļһ
ûѵüͷ΢΢ĿЦ
ҪõСӣҲҪķһ룬ΧļҲ뷨ȻеĹҪɱеҪõ
⾧ʯĻ棬˸ŲʮֲϢ
Ǧư̲֮£һսڰȻͣС
ħܣ
һг
ʱ֮ϣǹ˼ҵս֮ϣһɹɿɲĺڰʼ
ռ·еҽһ㣬µĲÿһεĲγһ޴УĽȥս΢΢Ļζɴ˿ɼһħܵжôĿֲ
¸¸¡㵹
ţħŵݳ̬εȵǷ⣬εȵŭ찡
ʲôˣʲôħ裬Ļ쵰ҿ
ʴļⶼʼ
Ϊ˼ҵӵܣܵ衣

ĺʱǿ֮У￪ʼһĨļžͣƶ٣ﶼһļžȥ
ɫ·Ƕħһ㣬ſˣȥĺܣʵȴˣѸٵ˼¡
ֻת˲ѣ㽫ҶţħΧ
ָ·ﶼƻ
ħ֮Ϊµһаħ֮
̲סķ˾֮Ȼаħּ֮ɵ˼¡
ħаͳƣǲħֻһ֡
ħ֮УŰи֮Ѫ֮е֮Ԩ֮аħ֮ȵȣʤаħ֮νΪµļ֮һ

Ϊ֮
ɣɡСӣǲġ
ϻ΢΢һ˲мЦڸղʩչڵĻһнᷢаħ֮ļֵڸӵ󣬵Сȴƫƫѡڲѵʩչаħֱ֮ǴСá
Ҷ˿·ɵһ㣬ʧȥ˵ֿ
εģȥˡ
ʱ̣Ȼ䣬һ޴Ӱʼγɡ
һֻ޴ĺɫħţӰ
ϵĹâ·Ǹֽɵһ㣬ŭ𣬷Ĳ
衭


1583 ׿ս
衭
һţħܲޱߵħһţ۸ӵİħϸϸĿȥȴƺǴĲ˸һţΪ֮һ٣漴ı
ħ̫ˣ̫ˡ
аħ֮İΧ֮Уڲһŵ˼µݳ
ֻһֻߴʮ׵ĺɫħţʼӺ֮ϵħţޱȵơ
衭
ٴεһţħ׷׵ıȥ
аħ֮ĳԹٸڱһȺµ׳׷Ѱû˿ǣȴҲѡɢ
ֵģţħЩаħ֮ɢӣεܹ
ſԼͣţӺݺݵض㡣
ʱѡ
һ֮ݺݵسȥ
࣬࡭
﷢Ƿţһ㡣
ʴ˶ʼһԻĿùԲϵıҪôѿжôѿôôܣ
аħ֮޼һ˿ᱻǿеƻԼǴǿ߶׵ȥӲҪ˵һֻħˡ
ڵţħӣܣаħ֮ǷѾ˼ռģ˵˲Ʒһȥεܹܡ

ţħϣ˸ž˵ħһţ֮Уܵӣ΢΢˫Ŀ·ƷζеζʱһƬǿΪ֮
ôĻһֻţ𣿡
ĪȥɣѾħаħ֮Ϊʳħ𣿡
ʲôˣʲôħްһҪ¡
Ҷ΢΢һ
Ըоʱţħϵƺڷɿľۼ
һķʽתţϵĿʼԼϵ
ֻҪǴһƬһͿԽԼϵƴƣʱ򣬴̫žΪֻֿɵá
ǰǶԷûôɵ
ȿȿȡ
ţħͻȻһĿԡ
̵ΣԶˣȻǺˡ
ǿߣܵĹǿǣҲ׷׵һ죬ѾģôǸоһôǷأ
ʥס
ϻͻȻغ
ǡ
ʱ˭˵Ϲʴ˵ģѾװȣҶһˡ
˶ϻûһȥ
ϡ
µĲ
Ҷɫ΢䣬ţħ˵
ȥһսȥӦǵʥס
ţħĵ˵ͷԼͷЦ˵
аħ֮εܹأ֪һս֮УܹŶٰ
˵ģѾתžѧţӿ˹ȥ
Сӣɡ
һ֡
ֻ֮ϣһʮľ޴Ӱ
ÿһ𶼲ǰɫĹâһָ߹̬ɫ졣
ʥף
ЩһʥױҶõʥҪǿĶ࣬ȼҪ߳ܶࡣ
䡭
Ҷʥ׳ˡ
һʥ׵ĳ֣ʱǿΪ֮ȡ
СӾȻҲʥף
ϻɫһ䡣
ߣһʥܹΣʥһΪͼʥףǵļ֮УʹãҲֻ֮ˣŻὫ䵱
ʴмĿŶԷӰ˵
ɴ⡭
ϻ΢΢ҡҡͷŹʴ̲סİҡͷȥκεһλˣʴȴȻûõƷѵܹԼôʩչʥ׵ĵˣǼ򵥵
ʲôʥףȻֻһΪͼʥףͭأ
һλ˼ҵĵӣԦһɫʥףм˵
͡
Ҷˡ
һ޴ıгС
һƵǽıУе඼ѪۺͷУһѪϢ
ɱ
оҶ쾹Ȼȵĳ֣˵ɫ΢΢һ䣬ȫû뵽Ҷ쾹Ȼ˵ĵ죬ôʥ׵Χ֮£ĵѡ֡
ÿһʥףǺ֮ΪͼʥףҲ˺ǿյȻ˵ʥǱգҲֻЩ֮ˣŻʸȥʹúʥס
ѰС壬ǺľһͲҲȥʥҪĲϵġ
г֣ʱһƬơ

Ҷļ֮ѧĵ֮һ
Ȼ֮ΪҶȴԸоԷĲ֮
һһʽȻѰȴϿʼΪǰٴεݻ
ǻ
ϳһŵ
ôܣȻʱʩչһ𣿡
ϡ
п裬һסһʥס
һɫʥס
ҲǸղűҶʥ׵ȼǸһ

Ԧɫʥ׵Ӳм˵
ƿʥ趯һ񵶣ŵĺ
Сӣ۾úõĿʲôĵʲôǸ߹ʥס
͡
Ҷ첻ԲǱг֣ƿʥףȴһն¡
Ĳ
ꡭ
ɫʥ׵񵶾ȻһնϣҶ˿ûͣЪļʩչ
ϡ
˺ѵ֡
һɫʥ׾Ȼ˲˺ѳΪ룿
ôܣ
ǼԦʥ׵¶˳
Ѫӿ˵屻նϳΪأʥ졣
ǴʱȴĲʺ޷š
ߡ
Ҷһ˿Ĳᡣ
ʥ׿Լʮư߰ٱȥһɽҲᱻնϳΪεģӲҪ˵ССʥˡ
ɱ
ĺ
ʮĲӰ˸ǿķ
ʥ׵Ĵսɴ˳֡
ǲٵȴ¶˹Źֵɫ
Щǿǣ׷׿ʼ૲ѣ
ʥףΪͼƷ𣿡
̫賶˰ɣˮ׼Ǹ߼ʥҲû˵ĳ̶Ȱ
ÿٶȣѰʥεĻӵǿٶȣ
Ҷû⾪̾â˸նһβ£˳Լһʥֱۡ
̡
䡣
âûΪ˿һ㣬һʥװΧ

ﵭĺȵ
䡭
ʱǿʥ׵ļԦ֮£ƺǵõʩչҶٶȺˮһݻ
ֿĸоҶһҪȥ쳤Хĳ嶯
һʥף
ȥɣڣ
һʥȻľԼֱۣʱһâǵݺݵس˹ȥٶ֮죬ȥ
͡
Ȼ޷⣬Ǿͳְɡ
ҶзĽ඼ʼ
ѹʥ˵ܻӭһԦһʥףǿҲʸС۷ǿ߶Կµġ
ǴǾǿ߶ȥһʥףվŲһԴʥ׵ġ
𡭡
ϵ˸֡սӡĳΪʥĲ


1584 ϻ
ϣ
ҶֱֳУȻǿеĵֿס˶Էǿڲٵĳ
ⲻܰ
ͷųӣ޷źͲʵĽ
ⲻܣǵģȫĲܵġ
ǿǱսϵڶ˿װװʥ֮ϣƾĵȼʱıȥֻҪǴһ˿ᱻǿ˺ѳΪġ
κεһˣǿɱѡܵģ˵Ӳĵֿˡ
Ҷȴѡˡ
ǿֿǰʮӰ˲ĿʼоԼ˶ʼϲ
ɺ磡
֮ΪһС
һеȻڹǿ֮У֮Աǵġ
ƴ֣ĵӶѡȥģ̫ļ򵥣ǽΪ򵥵ԸĽѣɺҲǻ֮УȥȽǿһС
ǾһУȴҶݻ쾡¡
͡
ͷųɵĵ
ӿԦﳼǳҵĲ·Ǹоһǿ;˲̲סĶǦ֮С
ʥ׵ļԦ¶˾ɫ
о˵ıʹ̹ǣов

Ĳҽ֮Уʥ׼ԦűУһ
顭
޴ʥףնϳΪΡ
ѪŽĹâ֮ϣԵޱᡣ
ҶֱֳУȵվС
д·һս
һ̣Ѫӿɽ緢һ㣬ͷųﶼ
һֳ޾ѹơ
ս
ޣ
û˿ȥһ㡣
ǻ̫ǿ󣬲ʥ̫ĿֲʩչˣԦʥ׵ˣ̫ˡ
ǿ߷׷׵ĸ̾˾ȵĲ
һ໥Ľ
˵ڸղţٵļҪҶҪôնɱҪôΪ£Ψһ뷨ǽնɱ
һһֻܹǶʱըһԦʥףֱңΪ˵ɷһ㣬˿ûпԽֵĿԡ
һµСӡ
ս֮Уһλӷ˾ȵɫԽļСſڸǣҲһ޷ŵɫ
žĳСӿԼĽµӣ뵽һԼ˸ɾ飬֮ƺǳŭ֮⣬ٴζһĨĶ
⾿ʲôȴԼ֪
˸ϣΪǳһ㡣
ɱ
ʣµʥǣĺ
ǹ߳ꪣ߷˫˿˿Ϣصٵ񽣡
ǹꪡ
ıпʼΧƳĵضɽҡ
ͷۿǣ׷׵ϡ
˵սҪ˵ڼ֮УҲû˵
ҶıԭĲԣӲӲս෴ǣѡʵս߲ʼ
ǿ϶֮£ԦʥףͬԼֱۡ˫һ㣬Բ⣬û˿ɬо
˿˿âչֳϣǧ֮ľۼϣңңĿȥͬǷһ㣬ЩħߵӰûΪ˷˵߲βͷ
ն
һնȥٴεһʥ׵˫ȡ
˺һʥס
˸£ĴԼֺ͡սӡһʥѹΪƬѪɣϵ
սսս
Ҷս⿪ʼ߶Ѫʼ񱩵ʩչ
ԪϹ
ϣ
һʥֳһ񵶣Ҷҵײ
ꡭ
ҶıоȻѵ
ã
ʣµʥ׷˾ϲ
ɱ
ʮʥףȻֻʣȫ޷սôʥ׶޷ҶնɱֱǵпʼΪ֮
жץѡ
ߡ
Ҷһ
ǾȻоԼĻˣʧȥ˱ʥףս½ɣǳʶ
Ҳˣʥ׵ıǾǧѡ֮󣬲ȥġ
Ҷ첻ϵʩչ߰ٱӳֱ֣ĥԼı
ϡ
Ҷ˫ָǳ
ƿʥףһ㣬ͻ˦Լơ
ʱ߶ĽЩƬ˳ȥ
͡
ǿĦҶʩչʱնһʥ׵ļ
Ϸ𻨡
ۡ
ҶֳֶУֱӵû뵽˶Էڡ
𡭡
ŭһǿʥ໥Ľһ𣬷貵Ĺâ

һʥ׾ȻҶ˺ѳΪΣ
еĹս֮ˣӶҪɳˣ޷ŵĿǰһУ·ڿһ񻰵һ㡣
𡭡
ҶŭͻȻ˿ûмʵȭԦʥףʼ˳
ӡȭ
ȭȭӡ죡
꣡
Ҷָѣʥ޷ܰӡȭ˸͵ȭȻƻˣһɾ޴ȭ͵ľȴ޾ƻһʥĴ顣
ȭһﵽ׾ͨٵĶ
˷׷׵ĵһ̲סĽе
ɣ
죡
Ҷȭ֣Ӱصһʥףٴεĺ
ǹĲɱɾͬħһ㣬Ǳ֮ˣ˾Ĳҽ
䡭
һӰ֡
ʱɵĺâ֡
һֻȳ֣ݺݵҶӰޱߵΣҶѸٵѡ롣
䡭
ʱһƬ֮Уһ޴ĺɫпʼ֣ĿռѺۼȥ
һ֮Ȼǿ
Ҷ̲סһ㶡
ϴˡ
ѵʥףľϲ
һɫʥף˹ϵķģ˸ϣبŲħһ㡣
ֲһʱ䣬ǿǵһ׷׵ĵֿסһѹﾪ
ħħףǹ˼ҵһλϼĴڣϻ
ȻҲֻܹˣ˷ɽĵܵܣصļһնɱ˹˷ɽȻϻܹʹ˲ȥġ
ħףδһ֣Ȼ˵Ŀֲ
СӣˣȴҲڰʷ֮УԶڣΣ˼ҵʧһον޷ģһԺִߣ˹˷ɽǿĳϼǿߣڵʥôֱ࣬ܵһ㰡
ǰеĺÿˡ
˵Ҷû⣬ֻԼǰһ
ϲ
ϢȴķƶһΣյĸо
һɫĽ۾ͬ˫Ŀһ㣬һֱ̹ǵĸоâ·Ƕ߰ڶԼҶн䱸
Сӡò˵ʵԼ磬˿Ĳϣȴҹ˼ʧô࣬ǿϷȻ£Ϸƽĵһˡ
ϻﻺĿ˵


1585 ս
𣿡
Ҷ첻ÿɷĻش
شƵϢùϻһһȭ˿֮еĸо̬ӵ˷ָ˶̲סĿʼ޵
˵֣
ǿӵĿ£һ֣Ǽ򵥵ʿģϴĳܣϷնɱ֮һúõоһġ
ϻ˵
ݣ޷
ȻһҲоҶļֵ
𣿡
Ҷֲÿɷȴڵļŭ˹ϻ
С㵨ǲϷ򣡡
ŭ졣
Ѫȼգӿ֮УϵâһĨ⡣
ɿɣʹˣô׼ôˣ͸֪Լϵëαضŭأѵ˵㲻֪Լ׶ŭëĲ𣿡
Ҷ쿪ڵ˵
⻰ݰ
ǿ߼Ҷ죬Ȼ֪ϻһЩߵġ
ϻʱΪ˲ӣԲܹ˵
޵Ůˣֱ綾ҩһ㣬Ҫһ¶ܣһֱҲǹϻеĺ¡
ڱҶͱ˳ӵĴſµͱ˳ֱҪ˷ˡ
Ͻļ֮УʱǾ׬ˡ
Ǿܵ鰡ϽĸҴݳȥӰʯӰʯȥ
ⲻİɣҪϱˣǴŰ
һеĽ
ֻžϲ֮ɫˣٵļʻˡ
ͿƼ˫ؽϣȻĹжصҲǴڵģЩ˵ǷܶܣȻЩܶģЩҲ޲ź̨ϵǸӣԾǹҪ׵𣬶޴֡
ˣϻ׵ˡ
Щ쵰ӵĲҪ˵ΧǿԴ
СҪɱ㣡
ϻޱȵĺ
ʥ֮УԿı飬ʱһ굽˵£Ҳġ
̫ˣı
䡭
޴ʥףȻĻӶһơ
һƣƽ޲ȴԵĴһֳ
ʱرɫӰѸٳһ޴ĺڶڶ֮У˿˿âðſµĺ⣬䣬ԲĿռ䣬׵ѹ
أ޲еӡ֮С
͡
ƿʥٴεһ̤Ĳ·һ߳˫ħһ֮УҶɱ
ߡ
һﾹȻҲһߣ˶Էı֮Ҷ̲סһ㡣
Ǻܿģȴ¶һĨ⡣
ߣϵעؼǿӶ֮ժȡ£ſˮЩ޲ڶԷƿ֮С
κεһҶ춼ɵߣȴһĪļ
ΪҲǴϴ֮ˡ
ҡǿ
ҶŭһӶֱۣѪȼգ⣬·սһ㣬ȼ֮ŶԷȥ
ѪǾӷ·֮䣬Ҷ컯Ϊһ޴Ŀ¯һ㣬ͷųΪҫĹââ죬˰˷ؼĸ
䡭
ȭͷݺݵشȥ
ӡȭȭͷɽ纣ÿһȭķ׶
·֮䣬һʼ
䡭
رɫߴʥףŶԷƴɱ
âɡ
ڡ
һһ߽Ȼͬڴʱӵ쾡£ӵΧǿʼɫޱѿ
˭Ҳ޷ȥ󵽣֮ܵжôĿֲ
ӵĶҶʵǿ󣬱ֵޱȾ
˵ϻʵǿȻɵģҶľ绹ûдﵽ̫žľ磬ֻڲ𾳵Ϊţ۷岻ӵУεܹ˹ϻ
ʵϣҶȴǿԺ͹ϻ໥ĶԿЧʮ˾˼¡
죬ţ
ʳ˵С
ˣ
ٴεһײ⻪ը·ռ䶼ŹҫĺˮΧסһǿ߷׷׵Լ˫Ŀ

ٴεıʼ֡
ߵѾһС߳ĵزһɿֲĽںϡĦ֮УѸٵķֿԼ塣
ϻͬһֻһ㣬ɶأ棬â˸ӵĽйޱǿ
Ҷʥϣ˵ӡǣЩӡǣһ絶۰ӡǣϸϸĿȥȴ֣ᷢЩӡǵ棬ָ·Щ·쳣еıûʧ
ÿµĶսȻֻǵһεĳνӴȻ˾˵ײ
ڣһ̲סĿ˵
ϵıޱȾ㵡
ˣȴ˿ڡ
Ҷߵĳסˡ
ߡ
ϻԼƣʥ׵棬˿˿ƬҶʥױ滵֮µĲࡣ
һÿµΪ˷ɽӵĿֲһ϶ԵҲ򵥣˵ͬȼʥ໥սȻҲẦ֮£עҪԿġ
Ҷ˫Ŀâ·˵һ㣬Ȼѡ˳֡
ɱ
ըףҶ쾹Ȼѡȳ֡
Ҫ𣿡
ϻ¶һĨЦ⣬Ŀ˵
ȴ
оˣǰҶ죬εȵĿֲǱղŵĽ֮УǸоҶѾﵽһִľ磬԰ֶΣҶ춼С
ļһˣŶٵܡ
䡭
һɴ͵ͷųռݣѸٵĴݵ˹ϻǰ
ÿ죡
ϻһ󾪺
ӡȭ
Ҷзĺ
ѵء
ӡȭ֮УʩչһС
ѵأһžڸ߳ǿʩչľѧһʩչ㽫չֳǱѰֶΡ
͵Ǵſµ֮ķ
ߡħɱȭ
ϻȻ˿Ĳ壬Ȼ΢΢һ㶣ȴѸٵķӦ˹ֱӵѡ˳ֻػȥ
ҶһХŶԷͷųһȭӡ˿Ĳ塣
䡭
޴֣ʱǿֲȭӰ໥ĵӡײ͵˳
һ̣ʥ׶ʩչһµľ֮С
ɣСľϷ̫Զˡ
ϻһĨĵȻĺ
ȻȭŷӰԷĴɢ
ħɱȭϻԼʥħȭߵ໥ںϣԽӵһ˵ĵز
á
ҶͻȻŭһжһݺݵسŹϻӶ˹ȥ


1586 ħԪ
ʲô
ս֮еλҼ̲סһ㶣˵
Χǿߣʼ̲ס¶˾ȵɫ
ֻҶһ·һεİ״ȴĿԷģֻܹоⲻһϾ˸Խⲻ򵥡
鷢ˣҶ쾹ȻӶһ״ﳯǹϻȥ
ȫˡ
һˣССİ״̫ˣĿƶҲ漴ı˺ܶ࣬һﵽôİ
һ䶨ˡ
ħɱȭǴ˵֮УʥƿڣΪǿɱȭһһʽĪ˸оһĲҵĻ¼ֲ˶ҲģСӱٵϼһﶼҪǿ󡣡
ϧţͿԳΪһ𼶵ġ

Ҷеİ״͹ϻħɱȭݺݵײһ
䡭
һ˵ײ֣ˣӶҪɳ鷢ˡ
ֻǴȥˣҶ죬Ȼϻ
һ壬·ʯĴײһ㣬ݺݵ˦˳ȥ
ֲޱȣ˲ʱ䣬ϻʥף·һ޴ʯһ㣬ݺݵسһ䵹ɶ
䡭
ضɽҡ·ǹϵħ񷢳ıըһ㣬ϻڼٵĴʮλڰֵ֮󣬲ǿͣԼ塣
ʲô
ǿ̲סо
Ҷ֮ﲻϵĳ
˸ıһӰ裬쳹֮
ʱİ״֮Ҳʼò
ڰţħ̲סţ۵ɵùԲһ£ԭԲţۣʱǱȭͷһ㡣
֣
Ȼ֡
Ҷƿ֣Ȼ仯Ϊʵ壬γһש״̬
ﰡ֮ۼγɵʵᾧȻ˵ãĻһıģ޲õĽһһצ
Ƕ֮һּɵ֮ģţħ̲סΪֽ
Ҷٴһַʽõķʽ
֣εȵǿҶھȵķ֣ԼǰʩչֻǽҿֵıɽһǶѡ
֮
ĿҶ֮Ժ󣬹ϻϼⶼʼ
ʥײޱȵԼƣָҶ죬϶ź
㾹Ȼ֮ΪֶΣŨ֮Ȼ˵ʹãİܼӡ
֮Ũ֮Уûм˿ԿסϻʵˣҶ췢ӳҲ󣬸ڹϻʥ׵½УĻˣˡ
ˣϵıҲʼùŹ
֮κεһԪǶĴڡ
ǹϵޣڣѰҵһֻĴڡ
ţѾ׵ˣǻŴڵĴ˵ҲǴ˵Ѿⰵţϱ֮Уس˯֮Уѣٳ֡
֮ǿȴ׷
κεһǼֵֵ֮ǵġ
ǾˣҪѰҵ֮ȴѵġ
ڰЩ֮УŶٵ֮ġ
˵֮ϵҲѹֹϻܹ˵ķŭ
Ĺǿ߻ƿǣҲ׷׵ĶԼ壬˫ĿɵùԲǳ鴤޲õĽޱļһ޹ı飬ǶôǷⰡ
Ũ֮ϷʹõĻ㹻Ϸʵͻͽ
ϻͻȻ˹ϴž˵ĵͿ
𣿡
Ҷ첻ÿɷ˵
ٴùϻץ
Сȥȥɣ
˼ҺεȵҶ죬ȴ·Թòͷţסٴοʼŭ
𡭡
ʥ׷ŭ֮
ʱϵâ˸
âϵĴ߶ݻΪʯĹԡ
ħħԪ
ʴħʥϵı仯¶˾ɫһ˫Ŀ֮УӴ˿˿ȹâ·˼ʲô̰ͼȥռӣεȵ
ħԪϵľѧ
ǹϻ̡
һžѧѾʩչ
һεʩչȴѾҶ쵱һԿĶˡ
һ̣ϻޱȿ£ϵѪȼա
ҶղŵѪӵʢѪ纣Ĺ緢ǿ֮УͷųȾһƬռ䡣
ڰǿߣ׷׵ķĲҽѪɢѣ


1587 նɱ𾪣Ϯ
վʥɽ纣ۣ
ڵʥף·һһƿһеΧɫ緢Ѫ
Ͷ֮䣬ǿ
ÿһĿռ䣬âסҫſµſɲĲ˵꿪ʼ˵Ŀʼ
һҪˡ
վս֮еҼ̲סĿ˵ϾǹŹ֮ɫƺȡᡣ
һÿµΪȻﵽ˵ĳ̶ȡ
һλһս֮Уϴ˿˿⻺Ŀ˵
СӣǱҪõȻǲ֧ȥоǿĹǶһ뷨ڵ뷨еʱҲǴģһǱҪõ
һλվڶԷǰĿ˵
ڶ֮֮⣬ʥڳԶȥ
С鷳ˣǳ֡
һʥף˵
ҪڵҪСӵжôĿֲ
һഫԵᣬȴһĨ⡣
СӣȥɣϽɡ
Թһɫս֮д
˵֮ˣҶ˿϶ʶԷҵĲ
ǿƼƺȴҶ죡
һУҶǲῴģڵЩȴû˿ȤڵֻѡŸεӦǰĹϻ
ҹϻݺڰ򣬺֣ӦͬǿߣĳħԪֻ㣬СӣôʱˣΨһһϷ֮ˡ
ϻﻺĿ˵
͸ʥףԵøӱ䡣

ȻĻӶһơ
һƣ֮ͬһ㣬âĹԣ͵ѹ
ͬ٣Ʋɵâ貣˺
ߡ
ҶһڵεĸоΧĿռ֮У־춯ѹ·֮䣬ΧĿռ䶼ڶԷֺƿ֮нš
˵ǿޱߵ֮˵ļһֺľμ
ħԪ
ֲ˹
ķ춯
˷
·֮䣬һ̣ΪĸͿʼ

һǿߣħԪϢ֮󣬶ʱ˺ѷεļǵڱ
䣡
һƽߡ
âʥףޱߵʥͬһһ㣬Ԧӿʼӿϡ
žžž
Ҷ忪ʼȴ¶˼֮ɫ

ĺ
ĵŭʷǰı
ħ֮󣡡
һȻ˻ײ
ײʼž졣
𡭡
һ޴Ļ󷢳ĺͬǴźͷһγһֲĶƣȵصסҶ

һֲı֡
ʱ֮䣬ǿֲ
ӡײһ
һ̣Ҷɫȴݺݵؾޱ
ž
һ΢ǾҵײĲǾĳ֣ȴ·ҶĶ߳һ
ˡ
Сˣ
ϻ﷢Ц·ǿԴ̵˵һ㣬ּӣȥֿ궼ڲ
𡭡
Ҷŭһƿ֮ϵħ֮ȻĻӶֻȭͷ
졢ȭȭӡ졢ѵء
ȭʩչ˳
ÿһȭһУÿһȴ޲һ־춯صƺ˺ѵϢ
ɡ
ϻٴεĽһ
ֻĸ˺һ˿ֿҶץȥ
ħ֮ʩչ˼£·Ҫؾй
һ̣һУ˿ռ֮صһܡ
â˸ϻҲʾļԦħʥ׳ˡ
˫ֻûȻͬһǧֻƣһֻһ㣬ǵصĳ
ĳ֣Ȼľˡ
ӿϵĵ֮Ѻۼ
֣޲ڳŶԷѹȥ
䡭
ҶԦʥ׺͹ϻԦħʥҲײһ𣬷˺ص
ôܣ
λǿķ˾˵ĺ
ǺϻһǿҲʼüͷҶ죬Խ˫Ŀ֮еâԽͱ
һµţκεһλǿ߶һ㡣
ȴ޲ڲ²⣬Ҷ쵽ʲôѧǿֲĻ˫ȭǵԴһƬյ޲ʾҶĳصľѧ
ҵõѧԵĿԼĵλʵӵǿ
λǿ߷׷׵ĳҶ췢֡

Ҷ͹ϻƺһ
ǰŭȺ쵰޳ܣǷŭ
¸¸¡
һħڴʱͻȻش˳

ĳֻ֣֮⣬޴սϣıһɿµĲ
һɹɾ޴ħħͷųȻսڿʼ
ӰҲս档
ţħһ֮ɫŹϻĽ£һƺļһڷĲҽ
УУð
ţħţӣ·һö޴ħӡݺݵز̤˹ȥ

Ѫ֮УʱޱȵĲҽ
ϻҰ
Ȼǹʴġ
Ҷһϲ
ʱĹϻԵ˹ʴĲҽеľ̲סһ£ղŵʮ̬ĵ
һ㣬ȻʽҲʼС
ֹУʤһ˲֮䡣
ȭȭӡ죡
Ҷĺ
˫ȭӶħ֮Ӵħ֮ʩչ˴ܵȭȭӡ졣
ȭӣ·ҪؼһȫĴݻһ㣬ںһ𣬱
ŻɷϢͬµΧħʥС
ϻϣҰ
ţħߵĹʴ޵Ҫôңжôҡ
ʴȥɡ
оԼΧѹϻ̲סк޲ýѾһ
Ҷ磬֮ϣ˸
ϣ
ϻƱĴѹ͵㡣
һȭȭĽ֣ʹҶٶһĿֲ;ˡ
Ҳ
ϻ̲סĴ
ʵҶ߳ô࣬εܹڴˡ
±ȥɡ
Ҷ˫Ŀ˿˿âȻĴȭ۵ݺݵһ
䡭
ɽҶƿػ󣬴ʥףһȭӶȥʱħĴΪƬ
ꡭ
һŤ漴˺ѣǹϻûüȥӦһͷ­Ѿ˺
ôܣ
ǿ󾪵Ľ漴ٵĳҶֹȥ
޲ʼӦ˹
Ҷ죬Ҫõ
䡭
һâ˸
ݺݵػҶʥס
ۡ
ҶһѪȫûа취ֿסͻһС


1588 ׷ɱ
ү
ţħ˫Ŀ
һâ·Ǵĵһ㣬˲ʱı㽫ҶŴ̴ˡ
ֱӵĴҶʥף͸⡣
Ҷۻɷʥ壬ǿĺܣʥףѰʥ׸ӵĿºǿ
ڲʥף͸һеεȵĿֲǿ
ɱ
ǿĺȵ
䡭
һľ⡢ССǹı͹ֶı
ǿˣȻ֪ҶǱ˭˵ģȴԵĲܹ˶
һŵıذ
Ҳݡ
ţħ̲סŭһеĹʴٵסҶ
ֻţͷų˵â
͡
ħţ֣ǿһâʧԭ
ʲôħ裿
˴󾪲ѡ
׷
һ˺
ʱսʥԼǿͷųԼѹţħ׷ȥ
ô죿
ȵϴһĨ֮ɫ̲ס˵
鷳ˡ
ҵļĿ˵ϴź֮ɫ
ôǿߣȻѡˣʱ֣еˣǵˣҸղŵһâ൱أǴ֮ɢֶΣ˭ȻصôףصĶҪء
ѵҪ𣿡
ȵ΢
뵽ҶҪˣƺǶһĨ˷ܣȴŵʧ䡣
ߣ¹˭ôܻСӵļֵ̫ˣõĻпȥؼǿǽǵȫ뵽һߵĲϣεܹˣҵǳ塭һҪҵСӡ
֮ҵǸصۡ
׷һӵģ˭ǵĻǾǺΪС
ɱ
үȥɣǴү
һͼҵ׷ɱݵĺԶǿߡ壬׷׵ĳ֣ҪҶ졣

ţħڵĴţһţ¶ԹɫڵǲͷԸоһʹڳԼ׷
үģ׷ƨţүүֲϲˡ
ţħһٶȱø
žžž
֮ϣһѵ
˿߿ʼۼ
ȻûһӰ
ЩӰֳ߳ĻϢ¶ʥ֮Ҳ߱ԵĲ
𡭡
֮ӰӴ־ſ֮Ԫ֮У¡

ţħħţȻԼţǡ
ţͬĽɽ

ֲţͷųɹâٵذĴ̴һӰ
Ѫ裬֮һеĿռ׷׵ıγһƬ籩
衣
һţ𣬵֮£Ұ
ħսҰ
һ̣ţħԼǴ̫žΪӵ쾡¡
һʩչҲﵽһ£ţƾǿħ̥ƣ͵ˡ
갡СӣϽĸүѹ
ţħĺ
ȿȿȡ
һҵĵ֮УҶ³һںɫĲѪԼ˫Ŀ
Ǿʹĸоȴ̲סüͷ
ҲѾˡ
ţħһţϴ˷ܵɫޱı˳
һУ˭ֵġ
Ҷɷ˸˵
ԼǰһµѪС
һ֮ľ֮ϵ̲С
Ȼܿ޲ܵȴҪյſȫĻָ
ػס棬ӿԼٶȰɡ
űһȺǿߣԼΧɢӴϢҶ컺Ŀ˵
еŨ
Ⱥ쵰ϲ룡
ǰҶ쵹Ҳᵣģܵشֶܵƣ޷ȥʩչȻزܹȥǡ
һƹע֮ţħϣҶ漴ٵʩչܹʩչǿֶΡ
ռ߱
ҶƻӶռһŤ
ʲô
ŤĽΧһг׵ѹΪ˷顣
һǿߣһ𣬴̫ž֮µǿߣ޲˺ѳΪ⣬ǿȴҲǺ𣬻ֱۣȲĵطܵص˺
¡¡
߱ҵӴֲ壬·һѵ̫ħɽһ㣬ؿеĿֲ

ſһʼ￪ʼ
߱ǹʱڵ߱
ôܣѾ֮Ϊʲô
߱ʱ֮ɱʱ֮
ǿ׷׵ĿڣǾڴʱڰȴıը
Χһпռ

Ѫɽϡ
߱ǽǲȱٵȥԼ֮С
ţħõ̲֮ٶȶʱղſ
ҶֶΣٶȷɿ죬ֻǲӵʱ䣬Ǳݷɳǧ֮ء

ţħڵĴŴ̲֮Ҷ콫Χѹ׵Ĵ飬Ϊȡʱ䣬ƣȴţħЩԲˡ
̵Σүˡ
ţħ֮ţӣйϵС
ڶʱ֮УǲҪˡ
Ҷ쿴Ǿ׵ӣﻺؿ˵
ղǿǽһƬƬĿռ䣬ˣǴ̫žǿߣҲ޷ڶʱ֮Ѱҵǵġ
͡
ռѣޱ
䣬һƬӣһ̣ϼⱻɢձѹ
һӰص
ʱռ˰ӡ
Ҷţħɫ䡣
ֻǵĶ棬һʮʥ׳С
Ϊ׵һֻ֮ɫһѰİɫ
ǺɫҲ˵ɫģҶȴо൱Ϥ
ʿ
ԼţҶ̲סĳһӷĲ
Ȼ㡭
Ҷ˵
һоȻûнСӡ
űŰϢǺɫʥд
Ҷ֮΢
ʱһλȥԼʮӳ֮С
ݱŰһַƻϢԼ֮䣬Ĳصɱ
εܹʹȽϣǴ˵Э֮ң֮ͨȴҲ޷ġ
ǻֻһΣСӣˣ
ŰȻͷų


1589 ѹơˣ
ۣ
֣Ҷļ֮УȻûжԷĶϢȴһ˿ļ¼
ȿ£
ֻĸ֣ĸȴ·Ǵ޾һ㣬˵һͲ
ҶĹ۲죬һʵӦѾ˴̫žľˣԼĳ̶ȶԣͶԷûпɱԣҪ˵ʿǹϻҲ˿ĲǸǿ֡
ʧȥʥ׵Ҷ죬ܵڶʱ֮ϵƣһοɽˮˡ
ʳˣҼǵãҺ֮û̫ĽӴ
Ҷ쵭˵
Ȼƽʵȴڲ˼мһȺˡ
ʮʥװ˼ҵʵ˿ĲΪ۵ļһǸӴ
̫žǿߣڰҲϵǿߣ˵֮еˣҶ첻òСġ
Ѫѻڤʯ
ʿ˵
Ѫѻڤʯʿ׷Ѱʱ˵Եɡ
ѪѻڤʯҶ˵ҲҪԴʹٴεĽ뵽һ۷ĳ̶ȣµĽ뵽һȥĵزǸʱ򣬵֮Ϳһȭɱһʥףκεʥף޷Ҷһȭ
εģѪѻڤʯҶǲѡֵġ
οҶȺ˵Ʒԣ
ƺҽѪѻڤʯҲưոݰɣ
ҶЦ˵
СӣȷʵǺܴѪѻڤʯҪõ㣬Ҫôȥ
Ҷ˫Ŀ𣬿˵֮еۡ
ӶΪĺ棬˵㱾ҲúһˣõĲҪˣУĻҲϵ֫ϵĵΪһҵֶΣϵĵ֮ʧȥ˻ָĻˣСӣһ֪εȡᡭ
䡭
۵ĻȻһ٣Ҫͣȥڵòȥͣ
Ҷ죬ˣ
Ȼѡʱ֣ȻҵԼ֡
һʱ䣬۵ɫ䣬ޱѿ
һʵǵ죬
ϣ
Ҷû˵ֱ˶Է
ۣҲʿһһʥס
͡
Ҷ˫â˸һ̤˹ȥ
һʥ׵ļԦţʵڴ̫žңʵǷնɱ̫žҶ˵ȴΪµһۺʿ˵ʵ̫ˡ

û뵽ԼҶ쵱Ŀ꣬һλ޵ɫʱ
Ȼ֪Ҷս뵽һﾹȻҺ͹ϻа壬ӹ˼ҵʵնɱ˹ʴΣ̲סһӺ⡣
ɱ
ܿŭ뵽ҶϿûʥףʵȻزԭľ˺Ϳֲġ

Ҷû˸Ǿһ̤ȥ
ƾ߲Ӵֶκ͹ٶȣҶڿռʱϵơ

һ̤㣬ձѡ
̤һʥ֮ϡ
ǿֶΣʮƵļӳ֣ı

һʥ׵ˣĲҽ

ƿʥףͼҶ
ߡ
Ҷ֮ԻɱȫΪһڵλãҶܵ·ߣȻѡսپ
֡սӡͷųâ໥ںϣһ㣬ݺݵسŶԷȥ
䡭
ֲ֮ϵս֮۳ΪһɿֶΣ֮޲˺ѺѹΪĩ
˾˵ֶΣȥǷʵȴҲգ֮䣬Ϊռ߲֮ԭ򣬾۶ûа취һ˲֮ʱ̣Ӧ
ۡ
һѪ
ҶֱӵĽǼһʥ֮ٵкţħŰ˲ͼ˼Ԧʥףٵıߡ
ң
۵ŭһ
޷ţԼǰȻᷢ飬Լ棬Ҷ컹ѡ֣ԼûзӦ
Կ
Сӣܲ˵ģץ㣬һҪƤ꣬޷
۷ĳҶӴܵķ
Уװʲôȣбµʮʱ䣬һ𾳵ˣôֱ׳Щ궼𣿡
Ҷ촫
֣
ҶĻҪôĿɺжôĿɺޣߵĺˣνһ֮£֮ϵһֱӵΣ˵˵Ķ
һΣֱҪҶˡ
ǰ˵˵ĴҲֻҶ죬ֻһСӡ
Ҫ׷Ѱһ𾳵СڲмһˣڣҪˣҪˡ
䡭
߶Լʥףʱһâ
񽣡ѡīߡشһС
߶ѣǳ֮ϼɣĿŵľ޴ܡ
ʥ׵Ӵ̬Ȼزϣ۵ʩչʱرɫ
һֻʩչ
һɵĵʱһƬĳӣĳҶʩչݻٹȥ
оԼһҶֱҪˡ
ģǵ˴̫žľ磬ƨ
һһֵǿٴεĸڿ۵֮ȴˣٴεҶŭǵ̲סĴһ¡
۵ϢȻ٣Ǵ˵ȴǿ¡
֮۵ĳƺɲһ˿ܵ˵ġ
ҶĻȴԼǸоһɺ⣬⻹ֻЦЦĴ첻Ϊ˭Ҳ޷֤һڴﵽ˴̫žΪ֮󣬸жôľ˺Ϳֲ
䡭
Ԧӣѹƣռ֮еһб顣
һʯ·вһıиΪƬ
ߡ
۵ŭһ
īٴεĳ֡
ī˸ʱһƬǦѹ
ǿֲѹҶ̲סһѪ
ꡭ
һ̤߲ٵζ

ǦȻͷţȻҶһ޷Ϣĸо
֮ǿ߲ϵķ֮
ʳˣ
йս
ȴ̲סĿʼˡ
ҵսҲС
۵˵ʥףüͷ
ʳҲҪһ𣿡
ȵҲ࣬ʱֵĻɲһûᡣ
̵أʳΣӿеĶ˭Ҳܹᣡ
һδ󺺼Ԧһʥ׳֡

ûж漴ʩչīߣһƬɫǦƣݺݵؽԷ˽Ƭ
ʱ˲֪Ҷ쵽ǿŶôֲѹڽǰ
ѳ֡
һת˲
ҶŸղŵĻᣬѾӳ֮⣬ûĹâȴ͵ĳʥ׿ʼΧȥ񡢷ͬĵâԼ˸
һѪڵٴһΣһЩ⡭


1590 Ӷ
бµͬʵս̫žΪ۸һ𾳵Сʳǳ˰
ţħŰ˲ͼ֮д
ʱٵǿϿʼ¶˹Źֵɫ
ţħĻȻŽǲò˵⻰ȴ൱ɱ
ڵĲʳƺǾ۸ˡ
ܿܶѣб㲻ӰͣҾͺͬս
ҲɵӣȻ֪Լ۸ˣȴԵĲŹҶġ
ȥģ𣿡
ţħٴγ֡
Ҷû˵ѾоˣѾȵϢ
׷ԼҲһʱ̵ѡ
ΪѪѻڤʯƺֻҪʿˣΪʲôҪۣۿǲʳǿߣǿ߰
ҶаԵ˼ţȻţħ̲סһ
ħ̥Ϣħ̥ϢһѾ©ˣߣϽߣģǸŮˣ˶˰Щ
ҶٵĲ²⵽еԵɣʩչͨٵļԦԼʥ׿ʼ
ǽļҲʮѡ
һλ૵˵˫Ŀ֮޲̰ɫ
ţǲʳΪ˼νۣԿģȴû뵽Ȼô󡭡
¶ѻѰҪ
һ˿˵
𣿡
Ҷ˷ȻϢ
͡
һ
ʱ֮Уֳǳ˸
ЩǳѻһγââٴεĻۣȾΪһӣӴĹâӿĹâҶֹȥ
ϡ
Ҷ֣ʩչʥ׵ı
һ²ϵĺɫħǹ
ħǹ裬һǹӰ
߱񽣾
Ҷħǹ߶߱񽣾ǹк⺬ǹΧסĽӡ
䡱
ľ˴߷
ҶﲻҪѪ
ԭδָȥǿеĴ߶ϵǿ󣬸޷ͶԷγɶԿӵĲҪ˵ǺͶԷ໥Ŀˡ
ꡭ
ɫħǹȻıһȥ
ѵ
ۿǿֲĽҪҶʥȥͻأ֮䣬Ҷĵ֮УͷųһĻɵ
֮
Ҷһϲ
ⸯ֮ڵ֮еĸ֮ʱûʹˡ
ⸯ֮аһֱûгֹٵĲҶ֮ԲȥãԭȴΪⸯֱ֮һҪķ͡
סԼĵ֮Уȴĳ֡
ÿһεĳ֣û˿ĹɣԵΪѾĽԼﵱһʱ뿪ľҪ֣Ҳÿһ顣
ÿÿ뵽ЩҶ̲סһҪһγȻӵĳ嶯
ڵĸֱ֮Ǽʱ꣬Ÿ֮ʩչѵħǹɢ˸аҶݺݵ˦˳ȥ
ʮεĽƬɿĳűһ˼˹ȥ
ħǹƬ֮УŸÿһ޲
͡
䡭

Ҫ
Ĳҽ֡
ʱʥױҶ춴ǿĸ֮ǽΪ˷ĩ
ġ
ԼĽ֮Уһ˿ɵϢʱǵһۡ
ǽ
Ǻ֮
ӵУҲֻһ
Ҳʳ֮УΪǿһˡ
ڰ֮УǺޱȡ
Ĺ֮Уӵһ
СӣҪɱ㡭
ƿ棬һֻʩչ
ʱޱߵʼɱȥ
һֻħֺ֮ݺݵչ
һֻɫĴ֣ޱǦƣаĲƣÿһεĲƣһаϢںһ𣬷·аһ㡣
ɱⱩ
ɱնɱۼġ
ǿ¡
ĳֺεȵѸ٣Ǵ̰ħ֣֮ħ˸ͬһħаһ㣬ɱħĸ
ɱ֮ء
ҶȻһ
ʱ˴ʥףȻʧԭ
䡭
ħֻ֮ӶһƬĳѡ
ǿռϵѣ֮󣬾þõûа취ƽ
ôܣ
۵̲סһ
һˣȻǰʧˣ
ô£
ǿǣʼʩչʼѰ
Ҷʧˣֱǲܵ顣
ǲȻûһѰҵҶĴڡ
ͷ·һգ۵ʱ֮У˼һ㡣
ɱ֮صЧȻ򵥣Ȼʥ׶״̬Ѫһеεڸ
Ҷлسһ
ڵܵصĴˣȥ²һʱ̣ͻᱻǿеۻɷʥİҲ޷ֿ
ʵϵĲ࣬㹻Ҷ䡣
ɲǲ
ûˣҵǰʧ١
ͻȻԼ˫Ŀؿ˵
ǣһȷʵʧˣǵˣûпԷټ
ʿ¶֮ɫ˵
𣿡
¶һĨЦݡ

һƻӶȥʱռγһƬĴۼ·ɳһ㣬ȥ
͡
һӰٵĴǹɳ֮бŷ
޴ʥ̬Ҷ컹˭
һҵأ
Ҷһ㶡
ߡ
ɡ
ʿ
۵ǰȻʿʧȥܶදֵĻᣬڣڿҶĳ֮󣬿ٵѡ˳֡
â١
ͬһ£׶Ҷʥס
˽ʩչҶҲûа취ֿס

ʹŽһ񴸳֡
صĴҶš
ֲʹҶΧĿռǰĿٻ
Ѻۼʼ֩Ĺ
ۡ
Ѫ緢
Ҷһλĸо
ɱ⣬޾ɱ⣬ݺɱôãصٺãɱȴҸоˡ
ɱ⡣
Ҷһ
ľͷų޾֮ٵ֮У뵽Լ֮С
ǿĿԶ
ɡ
֣ϵĳʥ׻ɱȥ
Ƭϵط衣
͡
Ҷ˺һ࣬Ӱ˸Ȼڴʱʧȥ
ߣûõġ
һشٴεĻӶ
ꡭ
Ҷļ򷢳һ˵
һֻ򱻺ݺݵѵˡ
ߣ
ʿҲĺȵ
ǳӡ
˫ֻӡϣͷǧķ׶ޱ߰
ǳӡ
¡¡
ʮŵʯʼ֣ʯҶԦһ񳱡
ҶǳᣬѸٵʩչɱ֮أʧԶӡ


1591 ָ
ˣȻһˡ
۵૵ĵ
֮УŲʺغ⡣
һĸԼ֮⣬Ѱ֮ˣܹ۷Ĵڡ
Ҷ죬Ӳ˵ǴĵͿ
һССĴ첻𾳰Сѣֱ˷ʱ䣬û뵽Լ뷨ҶȴһޱȿµֶΣϣݺݵشȥһ⡣
ʮĸһ
¶۵΢΢Ķţʾ˶Էʱеַ
ˣڸô죿
ʿ̲סüʵ
ô죿֪ô죿Ⱥ֪ѯӣԼû𣿡
۵Ƣܻ𱬣ʱʿѯʣʵŭ쳣̲סĽ
ߡ
ʿһߣȻû˵ɫȴΪѿ
Ҳǲ򵥵ġ
˵۵̬ȣȻΪķŭ֪ԼɱʿԻѡڴʱնɱۡ
쵰ĵŰɣһ죬һ֪ҵĺôġ
ʿ˫Ŀâ޵ıеɱ⡣
һҪѰҵСӣϲҪѪѻڤʯһֻħҲħ̥ݣħ̥κεһˣ޷ȥĮӵģˣõĸȥúõѰҵ
۵ɫޱѿ˵
ǣ
λǿߣɫ̲סһ䣬һĶ֮Уٵĳһϳȥ

ҶڵĴϢš
ϵѪϵ
ɱ֮صЧ˺ںһγһֽ˺һ״̬ϵתƿ֮£Χγһһµת
ӻҰ
Ҷϵ˺ۣţħŰ˲ͼ֮бͷųҶٷ˵
ߡ
Ҷûĺһ
ʱ򣬿ûʲôһ硣
ϣһĽǱˣһֱֻ۲㶼ϵˣһĹ˴룬λڵѪ֧飬ľ̲ޣûǿҩ̲Ѿͷûʲôˡ
Ⱥ쵰ֻݰۣѾˡ
õľ̲֮ҶϢ𽥵Ļָ֣ؿ˵
ǵûʲôҿԽ뵽Ű˲ͼ֮УǿǶһ磬κεһ˶ȥķС
ţħĵ˵
ľ̲Լ»Ҫܳʱģûм¸޷Чҿûôʱ䡣
Ҷﻺؿ˵
߱
һڶʼչֳ
޴棬߱硣
ڶϣɢһĲֲһϲãȻ߱ѾʧȥԭϻǸоĲָоͬ뺣һ㡣
ʱһΡ
𡭡
һ߱һβͣʮŵʯΪҶţħһ·
һöȪ
Ҷһϲ
߱Ȼ֮дİܿıѰҵһö䱦
ȪһֺĹʵǿ̲Чʳȥ䲻ܹ׹ȴҲ࣬ҶŰ˲ͼ֮УҲ䱦ġ
һֻ΢߱ѸٵĽȪ˹
һöɢžӨɫĹӡ
ԼȭͷСԴâĹ棬صķģǾ̵֮ƣ̲һְȻҶǧĻҲܹʲôҶȴûʱȥȴš
ſ죬һɵһöȪ
ڵҪǻָ
ȪٺãҲֻһַʳˡ
߱İʱҶѰұٶȿ˺ܶ࣬߱ʺ̽һ䱦漴ҶѰҵˡ
ð
оԼ֮￪ʼ𽥵ҶԽļͿ
žžž
ϵļ⡢ʥǡͷųƣ֮ϣʥаϢʱƣָٶҲڼӿ졣
ҶڵĹԼյʱ䣬Ϳȫָˡ
ȻܹһʱյĻ˵ÿҵΪٴ
ţħڵɵһöϴСûֹţ
ǰղųԵҩ㹻һС͵ļˣǸɵҲûָˡ
Ȼ֪ҶΪ˻ָƣǿһһһӣԶӶҪѸٵֱ̬Ҫţħ
͡

һ³һҶȥѰұ뷨ѡͷųԼĵڶ߱Чϵǿյһ׳߱һǲǿ
£ͨǳ
֮УΪµĵطκεһطκεһûɬ¡
Ҷţħ˿Ⱦеȴ·ϵһ㣬ϵĹš
Ө⿪ʼ˸ЩӨ⾧Өޱȣǻ۵ϢȻһЩע⡣
ߡ
Ҷһߣʱ߱ſͣ

֮񴫵ݳһв
漴һڶ֡

ΧʮĺӰǺڶǿеıˡ
ڶ֮У߱ƿأЩ鱻߱ԥΪԼĲƷ
Щ飬϶һЩԵľ鵽Ϊݵħ
Ǵ󲿷ֶʵǿ֮ԿԴڵҲΪŶʵ
ڼʶҶֶ֮󣬾ɵȴҲ֪ʱǰĻǾˡ
ǻʶࡣ
Ҷһ
䡱
ռȻһ
𶯷·汻һƬһҶ춼оΧĿռ΢΢ҡβϡ
͡
һĦ֡
һλŽɫ߳۵ӳҶǰ
ݺǿѩɫļŮĶѷɫһ׻ۣȴһֽĸо
һ˫Ŀƺǳһ˸ǻ۵Ĺâ
һɫˡ
ҶԺ֮У̲סŹֵ뷨
ɫۣⲻһ˻ȥѡģҶѸٵ뵽˲ʳ
˫ֱվһս֮ϣս棬Ԧ
ÿһŴѪͳǴ˿˿ȻѪͳ
£ƺǵסҵȥ·
Ҷţħϣؿ˵
ԷֻһˣȻԸоһľܸߣҶȴǲ̫ġ
֪ҾѰ㡣
΢΢һЦؿ˵Цݣ˵Ĵ


1592 ƽСү
֪ΪʲôһҶ쵹ǸоʲôɱƺԷԼûʲôв
֮ƺûʲô
΢΢һЦʱʧɫЦݣ·һλ޵ŮɢŻһЦЧ
һŮҲͰˣǶһ˵ȴҶ̲סһ¡
Ҷ̫ļɵҺ֮ûκεĦһΪ˺Ҷսġ
ӻؿ˵ҶϢƺΪ˽⡣
˭
ŶԷϵۣ߳ҶȴǲеĻɡ
ǻƽ
ҶԺ΢ʱһ˵Ϣüͷķŵ滺
ǻƽĻƽСү
ص˵ͷ
ƽҲһࡣ
ڲʳʱһλΪսѡ뿪һλ󽫵Ѫǲʳ֮еͳÿһλƽ峤Ϊү
ƽСүǻƽͳ̳ߣڱǺõľˡ
Ϊ˲ʳ˵Ҳʳϣ֮ĹϵҲ໥
ƽСүȻ壬ȴûִӵеǰ㽾̬˵ûжٵӼ
뵽˴˵ϢҶ쵹Ƿ˲٣
ԭǻƽСү֪һθΪʲôҪѰң
ҶͶԷԵûʲôڴ˵ĳ֣ȻΪľȡ
ʵϣǹΪ֮ʱ䣬ɵǣҵıһǿҵĲ㲨ҲŻѰҵ
˵䣬ԷѾһöӡ
һöӡԼȭͷСž̬
ɷˣⳤԵƣϳһֵϣһ˿ϣ·һڳΧĿɢԼǿ󲨶һ㣬һִЧ
ӡ
Ҷͫ΢΢һϴž֮ɫĿ˵
һ
ţһⲻʳͳ壬´мϣǾԳִǻƽ뿪֮ʱˡ
ⲻʳƿǣҪͼҪһȴ⵽˾ܾԺ󣬻ƽͲʳ֮䣬һٽ񣬴ӴҲû˶ϵ
ţӡ֮У̲֮һаħߣʩչٻħߣѹ飬Ϊǿʱ̣
Ȼʱ̫ľԶˣҲΪһ˵
СүˣҵϣƺûľӡҪ֮
Ҷڴˣһ˿øУҲûְԵϢ
⻰ոյ£ڤ֮Уȴһ˿

Ҷһ㶡
Ȼʩչһ˿뵽ڤ֮С
ֻһöɢ˿˿âϵͷųԼϢȴ˿˿ĻòƺǸоʲôһ㡣
һöӣ
ҶɿתѸٵ뵽һöӵ
ҹս֮УΪһЩһìܣ˵֣նɱٵĵӣܵͽ䡣
ĳͽǱؽҹħ֮С
ҹħһµĵطħ֮磬ҹħ֮УҶ췢һöӡ
ʩչ˲ٵֶΣȴûҵһöӵҲͷˡ
ż֮󣬱ŵڤ֮С
ǺǣҵľӡԵ޹ʵѡֵģҲҶҲ֪ԼҪĶҶ֣ҵľӡĻǿҵĲԵĻҶֳȫ
ҶȻ˼ʱܳȴҲֻƬ̵ʧѡ
κƽСүһֱڿȻ֪ʱҶԺ֮˼ĶǺܶġ
Ǻǡ˵СүҪĶǾүεĲң
ҶЦ˵
ɲʲôˣȻѡΪء
⡭
СүЩͷ
ӡܹǿҵĲǾԵʷǰ飬һĻ֮У飬»ʵֵģʱǾһ͡
ԴļֵǷ
һҪȥĻƽСүһʱ䲻֪ʲôˡ
Ҷ֣֪ҪʲôʵҲ²ⲻĻܹӡ˾ٶģӦʧȥһ֣޼֮˵ҶֻҪϽңһҶֵġ
թ֮УҶ쵹Ǻļ˴ļһ
ȻһﲻǺʺ̸еģԼûڣһﷴͽԼҪǱҪԸ˵˳
Եľһֻ
ǺǡСүһˬ˰
ҶЦ˵
룬ҵҲӦ֪ġ
һƽСүʱһɫࣺ
Ҷ֣ºѰ죬Ļҵļ嵹ǿתһ£ǣҶ֣ļ壬ǺܶģҲûа취ת
뵽Ҷļ壬ƽСүҲ̲סһЦ;ȡ
Ҷ컹һµļһ
ֶ̫ľˡ
Ĺ֮УҶûеģʣµҲˡ
ǻƽ岻ϲǻĻѡֵġ
Сүˡ
ŻƽСүһƵӣҶ̲סĴЦ
ҶĳҪһĹߣʥױ˺ˣ˵СүǷʥ׿Ҷĳһ

ƽСүһ㶣¶ޱȸмɫ
ʥף
ӡ˵ƨ
Ҫ˵ʥˣ㾡ǼһƣҲҪõġ
лҶ֣
ƽСүĶҶһǴ
Ǻǣݻѡ
Ҷ쵭˵
һʥ׵ļֵԷǼ˵С̫ˣҶ֮Իô̶ܴΪƽСүһŲСĺøеģĻʮʥ׶޷ġ
һʥ׵ĵȼƷʶͣϣ԰Ҷ֡
ƽСүһɫʥ׽Ҷ˵
һʥױâת·ǽڰҪȥһ㣬˵ĲҶһϲ
Ҫ֮
ҶĽһöӽ˻ƽСүŶԷæҵӣһĺЦ
ಡ
߿裬˲䣬һöӸȥ
һɴȻͷųܣҶɫ΢䣬ΣУĺë
͡
ƽСүٵĽӡɫҲʼ䣬ȻҲû뵽һĲ˵ǿ
Ҷ֣ҪһˡҶʲôѣʱǻƽ壬ȻЩ޷ӦǼ֮УȴҲû˵ҶҶκεв
ǿĽӡѹƽСүЦ˵
õġ
Ҷ˵ͷ˵


1593 
Ҷ챾һŹֵļһ˳۵ˣԵĲȥԷһǻİͽύԷ
ƽСүˣԷԸΪܵҶøС
ʱûʨӴ󿪿ڡ
һöɫӣǳ˵ĻȻûжôģǶƽСү˵Ǽֵ֮
еĸмȻ޷ʾ
˰ɡ
ţħֹ
޷˵һļһڵĽύ͸ܿͻջġ
ҶıǵȻôʱˣǲϵĵˡ
ȻҶв壬ȴҲ˲ٵƣˡ
ڲǰս֮С
飬ǰ֣Ҳôı
Ҷ찵
ЩˣҶûʲôڡ
ЩһǣֻСѣΣ
ǰһɫʥףҶ¶һĨɫ
ڹ
ʥ׵֣Ҷ컹˽ġ
ʥףʥ֮УٶԿǰһ֡
ʺڰɱΡ
˵ĻɫȻҶΪϲ
ڹҶԽܶ鷳ġ
͡
Ӱ΢ҶѸٵĽ뵽˺ڹ֮С
ݡ
ƿһʥףҶٶͬһɫһ㣬Ȼʧԭ
ս졣
Ҳһ˵ڰ˵ȴԵĲˡ
ſƼ˫ؽϵİѾܶͲܵ飬ʵ
˵¥
˵ͺڰԶǺڰռǳ˸ȴҲ޷ͺڰ
ɫ֮Уһ޴Ľ
źڰ;׵֮УһԵöޱȵļž
޷޲ƺһľס
Ϣ֮УһĹâ⽨֮˸š
ЩâʯɢĹâ㹻⽨֮ṩҪĹ
ڰɴڣ·ʰĳɢţһֺڰ֮еĿ־Ϣ
Ϣĳ֣һ΢Ĳ·Ǻ֮һöʯһ㣬޷̫Ĳ
΢ĳ֣һʱ䣬Χʰĸоȴ·øͿ
Ҷ͸ǰһһĨͱЦݡ
˼ңǾʹȿʼɡ
ǹ˼ҵӪأҶնɱǹϻţħʴȳ࣬Ѿݺݵشǹ˼һǶ⣬ˣһΣ˼ҺҶ֮䣬Ѿǲݵľˡ
ȺһϢҲΪ񣬵ȴʱ䣬ٴε׷ɱҶ졣
׷ɱôõʱ䣬Ҳ޷󵽣һԳɡ
ҶǷ˿˿⣬Ŀ˵
͡
ҶӰ˸Ѿ⽨֮дʹಢֵĽƱײѾ
ȻһȺ˻ûоʹ˵Ϣ
ˡ
Ҷһ֡
ʱڹжһɫذס
ذ׳ߡ
Ǹߴ׵ĺڹʥ˵ƺΪġС˵㣬˳ֵĸоȴҶ찵Եľʥ׵ļһ
䡱
ڣȻģҶˡ
ذ׻˺ɫħһ㣬ϯ
һ̣һĽȫһɱϢס
ͬâٶȷɿ˸
¡¡
²·ڷڣɱɽ纣ӿ
ǿֲͬ˳һ㣬ϯȥ⽨֧顣
ǿ㹻˺һУЩֻһʱԵľסȻڷҲûжٵôǴʱĽˣû뵽Ҷ
ǿҶѾͬɥ֮Ȯһ㣬뷨ȴҲûġ
κΣһе뷨Ǵģ˴͸ȥе
ɫذף˰׳Ľ
һкɨ˲һƬռ䡣

Ѫɽ
ⰵصһλǿߣҶһ˺Ѫ裬ĺܡ
ߡ
ٴεһֻȭ
ӡȭ
ֱ죬·ҵȻļ䵽һƬ֮С
ۡ
һ֡
˵Դȴ޷ŵɫ
Ȼû뵽Ҷ쾹ȻԷԼټֱǲܡ
֮۵ĳ֣Ҷӵܶء
ϡɱ֮ءľѧǶԷٺãȴ޷Ҷʦİɱ໥ĶԿġ
ǲࡣ
Ϯ
еˣ

һĽк֣Ǽʣԭĺڰǻһ㣬ԭָ֡
Ҷû˿ı飬Ԧźڹ·Ǻڰ֮еĹһ㣬Ȼ̤ǰٵǧ֮⡣
еذ׷·һĶߣԼţȻǰһλеһš
͡
Ѫ׵ĳ̶ȣȴĵˡ

ۡ
Ҷɱ䣬֮޲ǱѪռݡ
Щ˵ʵڴ̫žһ쵽ĳ̶ȡ
ȻҲǿº;ˣҶľҲ߳˺ܶ࣬ڵҶȴǧ֧֣֮Ӵʮƣʩչɱ֮ءֱһɱ
˿ɵ
衭
ţħŭ𣬹ĺγһĲơ
Щƣ·˼Ϊĵһ㡣
ֲķâΧϵɨ䣬֮Ѫɡ
Ѫ衭
ǸΪҶļһˣΪǹ˼ֵǣɱ
һʥ׳֣żˣҲԦʥ׳Ҷ
һо˵Ķ顣
ÿ˶ԦŵȼԵʥס
Ҷɲ񣬸Ӳ޵еˣôʥ׼Ԧһ𣬸ѹҲǲٵģңǹӲƴġ
ߡ
Ҷ쵭ĺȵţħѸٵʧ
쵰
˿ٵ׷ȥȴ֣Ҷ컬ͬһһ㣬Ѱҵ˷ԲǧķΧһ
Ļ쵰쵰
һλ̫ž̲סŭ
Ǽĳ裬˴ţȴԷëûնĪĳ谡
֣б£
һӾԼеľ޽ĺ
͡
һӰһš
ѸٵڶԷĲĨȥ
ۡ
Ѫٴεɢ䡣
Էŭ;㵵ıںһȻû뵽ԼȻԴ
Ҷȥ
ֻˣ
ݣ֣
ɱ
ٵ˽Ҫˡ
Ҷذͬһ㣬֮޲նɱΪʬ塣
ң
Ǵ̫žߣԦһʥףݺݵسҶʩչԼ
һɫ
ֳҫ۵Ĺâɵתݺݵزס˺ڹĽֱۡ

һֳ֣Է˺ȻҶĺڹȭȥͼҪҶ͵ش
ߡ
ҶһĨ⡣
֮
͡
ߵɫһӲҶȴذףݺݵڶԷϻټǵĺۼ

һѵ֣ߵʥףͷ·Ǳ˵ǵļһ㣬ȫķ롭


1594 ټ

ȭȭӡ죡
ĻᶼûУٴαҶһѪ⡣
һɿ־ĸо˵
Ҳ
һ˿ʼ˾ֵĲҽ
Щˣ֮Ҳûɱˣ෴մȾѪǵ˿µɱ¾֮ǵľȴ׵ıˣ޷ڸǵĵӺ;Ҳ˱˳
ܰǶħһɱĶħ
һ˷˵ӵĲҽУҲʹ˴˿ʼҽвϣ˲ı㿪ʼγһķӦ
ܡҽСŭ𡭡
ںһγһްĳ
ҶͬǴһ㣬ִԼеķ
֪ӣ֪ƣ룬նɱ
ÿһˣʵȴûκεһܹڴ̫žľ磬вټҶͬһ㣬ʹȺֱ˵Ȼʧȥ˵ֿ
͡
Ҷնɱһ֮ΧһУѾȫγһƬޡ
ǲ֫׹ǣ֮ܵ⣬µֻһصʬ塣
Ҷ֮˸ٵѰԼҪĶ
ֻǧöľʯ
ҶƲƲ͵˵
Щʯ㹻֧Լ뿪ȴ޷֧Լع鵽ԭҶ컹ΪĲ⡣
Ӱٶʧ˴˴
ң
һСĹ壬֮ǿĺĹ໥ںһҲΪҷԴһ㣬ϵغһЩӶŶԷΪ˹֮еһԱȻλСȴҲѰļȥġ

һĲҽ˳
ʱҵĽһҹ𡭡
ҡ
С塭
һ׷ɱҶļ壬ƺ⼸յʱ䣬ΪҪĴڣնɱ֮УǿС
նɱǵֻһҶ졣
ǺɫӰ̬ǲпֶΡ
һ֣޲ҶΪеʡ
һʱ䣬Сˮ׼ĹǣʼΣ
ȥǵʧ̫ˡ
Ϊһˣʧô࣬Ǹòʧһﻬĺܣֱһ㣬Ҫ˳ˡ
Ҳߡģʲôûõʧôࡣ
أֱҪӲˣ뿪
һļ׷׵뿪˶Ҷ׷ɱ
ǲߣǲòߡ
ٺٺ٣ӿǴˣ̵ΣôʱǰѴүﻵˡ
ڰҶ죬һ뿪һž޴ţ¶˿ĵɫ
ǺЩһǲöԸ
Ҷ̾˵
˼ҵȻˣǺܿĽǲǿ޹ġ
һ壬ǿȻĲưոݵġ
ЩǿҲˡ
ڵĳ̶ȣڹӦ̫žǿ߲ڻ£Խնɱ̫žǿߣȴûô򵥣ʩչȫֶҲ֮Щǿ߿϶ŸӿµĴڣϵǿߣڿȥԸģҿԳΪ̫žǿߣû˿İա
뵽ЩҶԴʼ
СУҶѡˡ
֮µĳ֮С
˵ʱһ˰
Ŷ˵նɱ˹ǿߣЩСļһﲻɣ
һףŰֱֻۣӶͬħһ㡣
УֻǴţҿۼˣһ̣Ŀֻ࣬׵ĵزȴϲŮɫŮޣͲŹ֮УٵŮ޶һƷˡ
һҡͷԵ˵
𣿡
ŮƺһŵĻ⣬ʱһĲĿĻﱻ˳
һ˴Ⱥ߾һɫĳۣѩףһɺ˸ŹŹֵɫԭ㵭ȻĲȺ˵̲סһġ
ϲŮޣף̣
ţħһŹֵĿҶ졣
ģƺǾ׵ĳ̶ȣ̫˰ɡ
ð
Ҷûĺ
΢˸
⼸յʱ䣬Ҷɽ֮УϵĽ
Լľȹ˴첻𾳰ľ硣
ҲһֿµٶȻָš
̶̵ʮյʱ֮ҶָѾ൱ˡ
ȻûȫĻָȴҲ߰˰ˣսԭҪúܶࡣ
첻𾳣Ϣ
֮뵽˴֮ҶоԼʼϵɱ䡣
ɱ䲻ֻΪԼ뵽ۻɷʥԵʣҲΪⲻ𾳵Ӱ졣
ÿÿ޲ǸоԼʼ
ȡеͶ֮䣬Ī̲޵
̫飬ʵǳ貣â˸
𡭡
ХĲʼ֣һһ׻໥ıŷγ˹ϵںϡ
һųҶüȥ
ۻɷʥ֮УǻԪһ壬⻢ɷĲĸ֮ʼǵʱӳ֮ƺѹ̬
Ҷüͷ˵
Ҷ˼֮¡
ʼɣνֻһֻ
Ī̲һ˵һһֻС޷ȥԭĴҶĻɲûеġ
ɷƫȻҪѹںϣȥʲôطѰң
Ҷüͷ
ֻҲû˵ҪȥѰңȴҲû;
ˢ
̣һ˿Դ
Ȼ˫Ŀ˿˿ĲΧȥ
Զһվ
ľףȴſĿֲϢ
Ϊ׵ߣһ䣬һ㵭ľ⣬·һ׾ʯһ㣬һԹ֮ɫҶ졣
ͫĲһôһˣ
Ҷ΢Եĸо˲Ծ
С֣ҿܹܵȥ
ͫһͫ¶ԹĹâؿ˵
ϴΣʿ˶ûнҶ£һʱ䱻ͫΪ衣
ĲڳӵĿҶ졣
޲ǹӵܣĸȴҶǰԱѡ
ǵжҶĳ޺Թһ¡
Ǳˣÿһλʵڴ̫ž۷徳磬ĲҲ뵽̫ž۷壬ͫϴεս֮󣬾Ȼ뵽̫žв㡣
Ȼ޲Ǻľ˲ٵı
ţſµܣӸã㾹ȻҺᾧʯһƭңһĺѿԼΪ
Թشͫ˵
𣿡
ҶЦһ
ȻˣҶ죬أû˿Ա㡣
Ĳĺ

Ҷɺ챬Ȼĳˡ


1595 һŲ
貣ǿգһƬ񳱡
ǳ֮⣬ĴݻΪһֻǳ֮֡
֣֮ͬħ˻𣬴Կʼ
һʱ䣬ʼγΪĹ

һµ˺֣ʱǳ֣֮˲˺һ˵
ۡ
ѪɽͬӿȪˮһ㣬ռ䡣
ǿǳ֮ʵȴų޷󵽵ƻ

ͫĲŭһ
˭Ҳû뵽Ҷ쾹Ȼ˵־Ͷ֡
ͫ
ֻڴ̫žΪѣڱҶ̼֮УͻƵ˴̫žв㣬ʥ׵ЧӵײС
û뵽ҶʵȻҲͻͽı仯ŭȼյĸʢ
͡
һ
һ磬һبŵϢһĹϽ۳С

Ҷ̲סһĺȵ
һ磬˿˿첨һֲҶϤǲʳϢ
Ȼ׷𣿡
ҶһľȣȴǳʱҶѸٵѡ뿪
ȻκεĶ֣ȴͻȥѡ
ôǿߣû취ͶԷӲӲս
Ҷߡ
ĲȻʵУ۲ϻǺܿµģһۿҶʱĶһﾹȻ뿪
εܹ

Ҷ쵭һߡ
廯ħһ㣬ƻĳȥ
˫ƣصļӳУ󱬷
ͷ·һ̫ŵħɽԼĸƲɵ

޴֮£Ĳײɡ
һѪ˸Ƿ˹ѵ


̲ͫסĵȵ
ǳʱҶȴѾתʧԭ
߲һףŵââ˸֮һ㣬⼸˵˸ȥ
˵ٶȣͫԸĺܣȴҲûð취ȥ׷
ԹĴ
ôˣѾסҶȥ·ȴǱˣڴ
ۡ
һѪ
ĲϴԹɫҶ뿪ķڲϳ
Ҫߵ𣿡
Ĳ˫ĿаĹâ˸š
ôʲô
ͫ΢΢һ㶣ƺ뵽ʲôһ㣬Ĳʵ
ž
һö˸âƿһСС
׷ղײҵϣܹ뿪ˣ
ĲϣǴ˿˿ѪϢ
ĺá
̲ͫסĴĲļ漴ûκεѯʣֱӵ˶Է׷Ȼ˵
СӿǺˣһԵ޷ȥˡ
ߣ֡
Ĳ̲סһߺޣһﾹȻԼ׷ûнԼϡ
뵽ͫļԼͫʵΪĲģĲȴҲұֳ̫ԵĲֻܹеԹͷĵ
Ҷ֮µĳ֮У
Ϣ֪˭˳ȥ
һʱ䣬ǿǣٴεתսĹųǡ
Ҷ֣Ҳ漴ıǿ
һҺôǿ߽аܹǼ֮
һ޷ȥġ
ǰԵ޷ȥǿѾ֮ľ޾ľʯɨŶԷĴڣһܵĺǣ޷ѳȥ
֮ɲǼ򵥵ľʯͿʩչģСӳ׵군ˡ
֪СӵΪʲôǵôĹ壬εģһ޷ȥˡ
ǿǣ׷׵ţĪǶҶһĨǲмЦ
Ҷ˸ţħϿ񱼣¶˿˿⣺
û뵽ôʱ䣬Щһҵҵ֮ء
Լӱյʱ䣬Ҷŷ֣ԼϾȻ˷׷һҲҶЩǿǣΪʲôᷢԼټˡ
͡
ٵķɺ
Ҷγ˰Χ̬
ʳˣЩһ겻ɢ
ҶһĨɱ⣬ؿ˵
ô죿
ţħɱڵĿһ˵
ߣߣͻơ
һٵ˸ʮ֮⣬˿ռ֮Чռ֮ͬҪһ㣬㹻ռ䶼Ťת
͡
һ·֮УҶһɫĹɽ֮ϡ
һӰĹɽƣվɽ֮ϣҶ΢΢ĴϢһڴ
͡
ʮӰȻĳ
Ϊ׵ͫĲǴʱǱȴһĨľннҲֻһţ漴ʧҶҲûзϡ
Ҷ죬ڵܣ
ĲҶ죬¶Թ֮ɫĺ
㻹ͬһֻ蹷һǳҩôÿμңһ䣿ʲô飬Ҫҧ𣿡
ҶĻ·һһ㣬Ĵ뵽ĲС

Ҷɢâһһ㣬߳
廯âȻļȥ
ϰ޾磬ӿһ޴Ļֳ
ħ֮
𣡡
ħ֮ٵ׳һֻ̤ȥ
ͬǿһ㣬ΧĿʼ飬ѹƵĳ̶ȡ
޾Ŀռ伱ٵײ
죡죡죡
쵽˼£ٶ߲ƿ֮£ﵽһֳ޷ٶȡ

Ĳ﷢Ĳҽ
屻ѹһжҶ
޷ǣǿԵƿ޷ԭʱ·ëķˣɪɪĶ

ҶѹĲʼ
ŭһϵĹž
˸оһëȻĹ˲һ⡣
͡
弤һ
һɢʥĹű

ȻҲһ
Ҫɱ㡣
ֻ̲ת˲֮䣬̼仯
Ҷ˿˿⣬岻ܣĲɱɡ
ħ֮ɢϡ
Ҷ϶Ϊһʩչͨ

űѣ漴ٴε˺ѳΪƬ
͸ǲĿռ谭ĹעĲϡ
꣡
Ĳһʹధͬ޹һ
Ҷ̤ǣתһͨɢ޾
ԵޱȵһĲ̤ȥ
ۡ
һѪ
ʱĲԪˣϵ޷ڸǵĴΪޡ
䡭
Ҷ磬סԼ壬ǿĻĲ̤
ۡ
Ѫɺ硣
һͷ­Ĳ޷ŵ֮УȻҶһֻŲˣ


1596 
󣬺̹ǣڳеޣ޲һ
һŲ̤ĲֲֶΣǵصϵƣЩںһ𣬸һ޷ĸо
͡
Ĳͷ­Ȼ˺ѿһâٵľЯâʼһӴܡ
еĹӰģԼһεӡǡ
Ĳ꣡
ͫң
ĲĲҽ
ͫɫһ䣬аС
ʱҶ콫Ĳ곹׵ĽɱҲͰˣĲûʧȥԼ꣬ҳȣ֣Ʊػᱻҵѡ
ʱ򣬾ԼļΪ棬Ҳ޷յġ

ٴεĵһ
͡
ƻӶһӨӾ𣬻һֻ֣ǵصγɣ·ǹıһ㣬֮һ޲
۾֡
ƺƵľʯâĿڳǿǣ׷Լ˫ĿҶҲ޷⡣
ǾʱҶȴӶ
ĲһǲöԷʹ뿪ġ
͡
һָָֻ֣񷡣
䡭
ͬǿһָ˿˸ĹâѪӿ
ѪһƬĹϺۼ

һָĴ˶Էľ֣໥ײһ𣬷Ϊֲı
ȴ໥Ľһ˿û˲ӡ
κΣҶҪľЧ
չһ㣬͵ץסĲꡣ
Ļ쵰
ͫŭ
ſ
ͫҪֵʱ̣ȻҶĶ߳һ
Ȼ࣬ȴһֿµĲ˵Ĳͬŭһ㣬쳹
һʱ֮УҶʱУ߷˹ʹԼĶ䶼һʹ
ߡ
ŭ
ָ˿ûͣЪϵĹâ˸ճޱĺۼ
ռ֮
һ㾲
ǿռ֮ĺôΧҶߣΪµĺۼ漴Բǧ׵ķΧ֮Уһ־Ծֹ״̬
ۡ
Ҷתƣ絶˲иȥ

Ĳҽʹ˵ĳ֡
˲䣬ΧĿռҲ漴ָƽ
Ǿ㵺ͷŭԹ֮УĲ곹׵Ļʧ֮䡣
ˣĲһ˿Ҳˡ
Ĳһλţ֮Ի˵ǿҲΪǶΪˣǰΪ˲ӣҽѣ꣬ٴεĻۣͼһܹѳ
һ㣬ҵˣҲ֪Ĳ˼ܣκεһˡ
ûȫյǰм֮ǰǲܽԼĵȫͷųġ
κΣһΣȴԱˡ
õĲļ֮Ҷ̲סһ㶣һΪ˵ļ䣬Ϊľȡ
˫Ŀܿľۼһ˵ϡ
һ˾ĺӡ
˵һͷǵĳۣԴһֱͷǸסҶûпԷȴԼıĿ¶˳ǵò˿ʼ¶˾ȵɫ
ֻͫûκε쳣ƺǶ⺢ӵϤˡ
̫ͯСǰװ۵ӣҶ֮УǾһͳ̫൱˵̫
κΣʱĶԷϵıȴΪĲףһֳ˲еķŭ
ȻСȴһʣָоҶ̲סüͷ
ʣһֻߵʣǾָоȴҶΪġ
ܹʵˣֻط
һǻƽ壬һǲʳˡ
ǰߣҶţԼǻƽСүӡһ֮ѾǶ˺ˣȻֶԸԼֻʣºߣʳ
ԷֻϢͻأҲҶע⣬Ǿڸղŵʱһŭ⣬öͯӵۣ⺢ͯɡ
һ˾ĺͯȴʵԵǲ򵥰
㾹Ȼң
ͯͨ죬ӣΪĿɰǵ˶Էһ˫۾֮Ҷȴ̲סһɫҲ̲ס
۾Ĵ
仰Ȼ翴ȥãȴԡ
Է۾֮УһֿµϣҸӵĺܣǾͺһ˵۾һ㡣
ȫûкͯеĴӺеֻɱ¾Ѫбһ˿˿
ҲĺӶ𣿡
Ҷ̲סİ˼
ȴ˿ûпڵµ˵
СƨؼҳȥǴ˵飡
Χһˣʱɫһ䣬Ȼ뵽⺢ӵݣʱһֱЦĳ嶯ͫǶݺݵس鴤˼£ڿҶУҲù

ŭ֮ݳ
⺢ͯɫ
ôĵӣһˣ˧ԭΪһŶѣڿȷʵǲ򵥣Ȼ˵ĵãҾҸ£
֮ͯУĺ⣬һ֣ͬǴӱ֮бĳıһ㡣
Ҷвϵ˼š
һҲʼж
ܹԡĳνǿⲻʳֻ֮һˡ
ĲʳȻûеʵȴѾʳ֮еཫԪ˧ܿˡ
Щȴһƿء
˱ǵĵ֮ӣΪӵӣ
ⲻʳĵԭֻһܰĴڣ޴־ȴһöӣǱӡ
һֱ׷ɱҶģҲ
Ŵ۲ŴԣཫԪ˧ƿС
д˵ҲӸһأ޷ӡ
ȻûʵȴѾʵȨӱǲʳĵһˣ
⺢ͯ¾ӵĶӡ
Ҷؿһͫ¶һĨŹֵĻߣ
ңȻѾͲʳϵһˣƺļɻ䣡
ͯɫһѿȻԾ𣬻ûеȵͫŭĺ
ӱ˧
𡭡
˫ƻӶʱһӡǱʩչ˳
޾ݻΪε
ʮŵػӵľȻǲʳͳʮŵػ
̲ͫס¶˾ɫ
ҶɫҲ̲סһ䡣
̫ž۷ΪҴľ̫ž컹Ҫ£в㣿
뵽СӵͣҶıԽĹŹ
Ѿģ̥֮
ڸոҶʵ²Ҫһʱ̱ᱻԷɱڵԭʵҪǿ
䡭
ȭ䣡
Ҷɱʮȭ
ÿһȭӴ
Է˿Ĳ
ɢ̹ǵ֮ƺǸо˺ͯɢĻѾҪˡ

һӡǣ˸һͷųɽ
ȻҶȭӡĿ
һҪ𣿡
ţħվһ̲࣬סֹ


1597 ս
䡭
̫ɽ
һӡǣ⺢ͯӶȥ·һ㣬ȻԦգ˷ӿȣڳǣ׷׵Ŀʼĵͷ
꣬Ŷĺӣ˵ΪǶҪǿϵؼɲÿһֶų޷󵽵ľֱҪ޷ȥ

Ҷһ죬ȻԷӡУĵɳʮףһƬɽ
ʮŵػ
һֻ֣񣬵ǣ͵˰죬ݺݵسҶѹȥ
ͬǦѹһ㣬ƺƵͰΧסҶ壬˲ʱı㰴
¡¡
ˣض˿ʼ
ͬһ㣬һϵĴ
ǿƿɰ̫С磬ֱһСħ
ҶԭгɣǺܿıΪ˸˴ֻۣоĵԼһѹ漴ȻѹƵ˵֮ϣϷѹͬһĴɽڳԼϿʼѹһ㣬ǿʵһˣȴҲûǿĵֿˡ

һȴ˷
⻹𣿲ҲãȥĻ˧ûеõͷء
ͯ¶һĨЦݣЦݺõȫĲϡ
ͫҵĲţϴž֮ɫ˿ʼһڼţʴϻۣĳڣӣȴôҲ޷
̫ˡ
Сٸ꣬ٸʮʱ䣬ѵҪǴ֮У㲻̶

ͯ﷢һ
ֶξˣٴεʩչߵʼӶ
Ӱ
һβ˦һƬɽӡ
һһ֮ͷʮɽ
һ̣ķ
ЩֱҪˡ
˧ΪҪնɱЩνŶڵģʮ͵أΨ𣡡
֮УʱȻİİԵҰģ̲סüͷ
ôĶȻ˲ǿߵפ㡣
⺢ͯĻǵȴ̲ס˵͹ȣ
һÿֲֶΣﳤĻ˵ãЩҪùˣ˵ţֱبеţǲʳʢ֮ѾԶˡ
κΰСӣȻǿʵСĹֵֵͣȻкôǻҲǲٰûκεĺô
ħأôᣬͲѵ˵ħ𣿡
Уħƨǲʳ֮Уµĵۻ֮֮ħҳ֣Ҳڶݵʱ֮б㱻黯֣
ţСһΪϲ֮ˣϵؼľţСעѪѪΪʳΪǻʳľѧ
һ˲õĸ׳ǴٴĻ£Ҳûµģ־չ鲻̫á
֮ϡ
ŲٵĹǿߡ
ڼ⺢ͯʵ֮ǵ۾ͬһķ죬ʵҪɱˡ
°¡
ʵ̫ˡ
ȥĻǹҪ군ˡ
ٵ˿ʼע⵽ͫ
ҾȻѡͲʳվһĪΪ֪Сӵʵ
һǲʳΪԪ˧ƿʮʿܹһ˿󵽵ģԭЩţڣ״ˣò˵ѡΪȷ
ͫаԵЦ
˧ȥɡ
һ⺢ͯٴε¶һĨɱ⡣
ʱĵ棬ѾһӣԨ¡
ɱķ֣һӴڳɢš
䣡
ȫ
ߵ֮Ϊһٵںϣ뵽Ԩ֮С
꣬ĺˬ𣿡
Ȼһŭ𴫳
Ҷײȥ
һ׿µϳ֡

͡
һֻ֣Ȼץסһͬжһ㣬ٵץ飬漴趯Ȼٴ˺ѡ
˻
˵һȻ͵˺ѳΪƬ
ӡȭ
ȭȭӡ죡
ħ֮
Ҷֶȫ

һ飬ͬѵĲһ㣬˸˵Ĺâȴû˿

ͯǺ죬˫ĿԹޱȵĿҶ졣
Ҫɱ㣬ѹ㣬ѹڱۣ̣갧£ڵڱ˧
Թ̲סĴһ¡
Сӵʵ̫˵㡣
ȥõġ
ҶٶȾˣûеȵ⺢ͯӦβѾɿ趯ȥ
һβ˦ޱߡ
ʱ⺢ͯ˳ȥ
һƬ
ѵء
Ҷ˫Ŀâ˸
ɺ²·һ㡣
ʱӰص
䡱
һȭء
ʱһƬڣɽѣĹѺۼɣɵ
ʯǺͯҶĴ뵽˵֮С
񶾵ļһҶ첻Ҫ̫ʴȡ
СӣСˣָ֮󣬳Ϊһλ
䡱
ȭͷҪĴȥ
ļӳ£ҶٶȺֶζøӴ
С군ˣ군ˡ
ôĵӰҶҶһ˰Ȼ˵ŹӵĶӣ
Уѵ˵ҶɣСȻСֶȴѾǿһ֪ġ
С𣿱ĻǾˡ
Ҷˣʳ׷ɱ£ܿģʱһεܹ
ȭӰ˸ޱ
Ҷİӡȭֵÿһȭ·ҪһƬ񷡣
Ҫɱ㣬ҶҪҪ
ͯѣϾȻ˵ƬϸǱ۰סȥ˵ղҪѿ׺ݵϢȴǿ
ʮŵΪ𣬻
žŰʮһɫʼγɣǧâҶĴȥ
һ޴ʥ׿ʼֳ
һ̬ʥףϵƬޱȣǱĹȴһ޷ļӲ
ߡ
Ҷһ
̤߲ڵºͶԷս
䡭
У
һޱгʥ׵С
͡
ĵӶʹҶĽŲסһ١

ٴεĻӶҶ쾹ȻòɿԼȭͷˣ
ʲôʥףȻ˵Ŀɲ
Ҷд󺧡
ȭͷȻ޷뵽ʥ׵ڲ
ֻܹڶԷµӡǡ

һȭӶԦʥ׵ĺͯͬһ㣬ݺݵشҶ塣
ۡ
Ҷ챻һѪ


1598 ӡ
ɣɣ
ӶеĻУͯѪͷ֮ɫĻ֡
ǱҪǿ󼸸ε
һĻ֣Ҷ޷ֿ
ݡ
˻мԣοҶ졣
ħ֮
ϡ
ħ֮ƺݺݵصֿס˶ԷĻС
Ȼʩչİס˶ԷȭͷȻĻӶ

β˦Ҷһ͵Ĵ˶Էʥס
䡭
˾㵵֮УҶʥĳ֮ϡ
ߵľ£໥ͷţ·սһ㣬໥Ķ֮У¶֮ɫ
ÿµļһ
ͫ˵
ȭͷ¸ͣ
ڼں£ڲʡ
Ҷ⺢ͯȻ֣Լɳܵĺˣˡ
ģģΪʲôӣţصĳΣҶǲսʤģΪʲôẦ£Ϊʲô
з˲ʵŭ
ͫ仯ûм֪
Ǵʱٵȴ޲о
ҶҲ˵⺢ͯʵ̫ˡ
˵Ϊ˵ľ磬Ѿ㹻ĿԿδ
޵Ŀܡ
Ҹᣬ׼ˡ
Ҷ⿴ţħĴ˵
ţħһ㶣Ǻܿıˡ
ôʱս˵ãǲʳѾõϢ
ʱĻ߾ˡ
ҶûˣҶ˵ĵزֻ㣡
˵䣬⺢ͯϴԹɫһ˫ĿҪһĿ
ͷųѹΧһпռ䣬ʹռ俪ʼϱ
𣿡
ҶһĨЦ
Сƨûʱ棬ǸоеĵۣԼؼҸӣȥɡ

䡭
ͯŭһԦʥ׿񱩵ıߡ
ףѻһ
һϵ̲ŶٵĻ̫֮Ŀˡ
ǰС֮Ѫ忰Ⱦҩˡ
ߣС̲Īˣټôıӳ֣һ׳ҲôӴ
˵˵
͡
޴Ļ֮з˵Ħ
漴һâ˸ľˣľˣʱĿʼȾգķٴεı˷˫Ĺâ
ɣɣ
ͯϵҶ졣
ۡ
ҶĽ̤㣬ٵ˸һ̣ڵĵطѾĴΪޡ
ȻȥǱϵѪȴıǡ
䣡
תѧɽȻܣʼ
ʲô
˱Ҷ㶯ʱһ㵡
ɣ
һЦ˵
ϴ˿˿ʥѪҲһ򵥵
˸עϵϣ̬Ҳһλǿߡ
Ļ˱ʾϿɡ
Ȼٵ˶⺢ͯʵΪļʣȴò˵ԷȷʵԼ汾¡
ǿٵذֶΣȥʩչҲ´ﲻ̶Ⱥˮ׼
Ҷ˫ĿâϴŵȻ̬廯ʥ֮һ㣬󲻶
ӡȭ
ȭȭӡ족
֪Ķ
һ˫Ŀ˸˿˿ƣʥ׿ʼתеĻͬǿһʩչ
ÿһεʩչ޲ΧٴεĿʼ֡

ͫͫ˸Ĺâ鼤ޱȣ·ǿҶ챻նɱһ㡣
Ѫڵĸоɫó
͡
ĵâʼ£˰ߵĲ񷡣
µĵâʥɢޱĵز֮³ɽӱʧɫľɢ
ƻѾ𲽵ĳ˴̫žĳ̶ȡ
Ǳǹϻ㾳綼˿ĲΪ֮Ч⹥ֶκЧԷҪǿ١
ҶһݣȻĶƿ񱩣һƴ̬֮ۺ֮ǿԲ͸ԷĹ켣
תȭ죬󿪴ϣÿһȭ޲ѵһâ
߲˼ĺӰǡ
ħ֮
䡭
ȭͷǳÿһȭ·һʯ£֮ĶԷĵâɾ

̤㣬ףʱʧԭ
ʲô
˴󾪡
ռ֮
ҶаԵЦ
˲䣬һʥ׵ǰ
ôôѸͣ
Ҷĳ֣ǺͯҲһľ
漴ȴѸЦ
Լʥףǲʳı֮⣬˸ûʸãеΪĲϴģҶ쵱޷ڸӵĲܡ

ޣеĻҲٵĳ֡
ߣ׵֮ţ
Ҷһʱһ޴Żɡ
ϣ
֡
ڵġԨġ̫ŵġϢʼת
ɡ
ɫʥ̫ŵϢ
Ǻɫĵ̲ŵԨ˫
ĺ׵֮ڲͷų
ʲô
ͯ﷢˾ֵĽʵˣ죬˵죬СҲֻһССĺͯѣǻǲᶨġ
ϡ
裬Ѹٵ˶Էʥס
ã
ͫĺ
ʱҪͼǰȥ
ȥõģ˴ܣȥʲô֡
ţħţӺݺݵز̤ȥ
оͷϳһɫħɽʱͫһ󾪺
ţħĽȻҲôľ޴
ûʩչʥףͫ֡
˧
Сƨ﷢˼ĽӲĺԼϣҶȴǲһ˿Ļġ
ת֮Уȭʩչ
ħ֮
ֻ޴ȭͷɷ֮͵ıŷ
䡭
һֲײ֣ʱʥ˿˿ĺۼȴûѡ
ңҶ㾹Ȼ˵ĶԴ˧˧Űɣ˧ҪɱȫңǺйϵŮˣ˧ҲὫΪŮū
ȥءССͣŮˣؼȥ
һһٵʱǵҶһȭͷĹ
ƺǻʥףҪǲܵ飬Сǹ̽𣬸޷򵽣ܿ첻ʳǿ߿¾ͻְɡ
Ц˵
ʮƣӳ
Ҷˣ׵Ļˣ׵֮ţݺݵع̶סνĻʥףԼֻȭͷû˿ײ
ʮεƣҪӳԼϣӼӳֵ˱ħ֮档
ڵ糤һĿʧ
䡭
ڣɱǧȭ֮һֲ֡
һֵͯĿҶ죬ȫ޷š

Ҷ˫Ŀɺ죬ħһĿϴɱ¾Ϣ
ң
һͻȻ⺢ͯڣһӡǳ֣漴һӰֶޱƺƵı񳱡


1599 ֲֿ
Ҷɫ䣬ڳˣ޲оһ濪ʼֳһ֮ʢ·һɢԼ
һӡǣӡǴӰĺ֮
ϵʥȻֻһƣһƵϣѾس׵ĸ
һɹǿϢչֵ쾡£ڳǿߣ׷׵ĸоԼ·Ǳһʥѹ޷޷Ϣöε
ʲô
ƴĺ
ͫҲ˵̬ȻĵֿȴҲֻܹǿԼ˫Ŀ
ָоͷ·ڹԼĵһ㣬û˿ء
Ҷĺë
һΣͷơ
һӰģҶȴĸоһԱ̹ǵ˫ĿĿԼû˿ĸ鲨ͷ·ڿһһ㡣
ֹСӣ
ϵ֣ͬبŵĵһ㣬ѹ֮ǿ֮ݲκȥ
Ҷд󺧣ûǿߣ̫һӵҲ޷˵Ĳ¾ҩʺͺҹʯ۷弶ǿߣҲ޷ˮ׼
뿪Ҫ뿪ҵ壬Բܳ㡣
Ҷзĺ
ü֮УʥӤƴĽӡһСǵͨ졣
ƣ
Եŭ֮
⡢ƴ죬Ѫӿ

Ŀռ֮ǴȫʩչһڵĲһֳ޷
䡱
ٴεı֣ҶȻһԾ
ͬبŵսսȨһ㡣
衭
ţħħţŭ漴һ˦βɧ̤գסҶ
ס
Ӱһȵ
ƺǶҶĶΪľȣڳԾڶԷȻ԰Լ
̬ԵĶҶһȤ
ѹֿΪȣ޲ýоһȷʵżֱ¡
һͫжʱһԼĲ²⵽Ӱݣ뵽ЩʹҶĺӵʢеĲҲ֮Ũ
ҡ
Եź֮Уʱ徹Ȼ漣ÿʼһ˿
ֻһ˿̫ޣԲ
䡱
ͻȻ⺢ͯһһӡȫֳӰҲٱޱȡ
һλ۵ꡣ
ݿ㣬Ŀ࣬һ˫Ŀ֮䣬һֱ֮ΪҰĵĲ˸ĸԺ
͵˫ںһ𣬸һĪ
ɱ쵰һҪɱȻҴ˻ʶʥףǿǸԽʶʥף
ͯһӰ϶ʱ¶ίɫ·һǹСһ㣬ϵĳӰ
Ҷһ漴Цѵİ
ȻʳĴӣ֮ƵĻʳƿߡ
Դң趯һ˫Ŀһ˸ţһĪĳ
ֳ֣˿˿âһ׵ĿȥԿӰ棬·ףһ㣬˸Ĺ⻪£γһʵʵĹͨؼһа
˫ĿڲģĹâϸϸĿȥ˶ҪУͺǿĻһ㡣
оһĲҶд󺧡
һÿ£ֻһӰ˵ǿ󣬴˵ʵжôĿֲĪĴﵽħ֮ƿߣλħǿߵˮ׼
뵽ǸԶıһҶ첻µز£Ҳ̲סķë
˶ˣԲһ¡
ߡ㻹˼˵ڻʹȴ˽Եܳ
Ӱ΢΢һ𱸵˵֮ȴ˿˿
һȻӵһʥ
ļһﶢˣǲʲô°
Ӱ׻Сϡ
һӰĳ֣ľۼ
һʧɫ
Ĵۣ֮
ģһĳ𣿡
λǿǣ׷׵ĸ̾
ߡ
һٴεĳ֡
ʱʮ֮⡣
һµ˺ѳ֡
ʮӰƿأ漴һڶγɣ׵ЩӰ
ǹǿߣÿһλǴ̫ž֮ϵˮ׼
ֻһߣԸıյı仯˵Ҫ𣿡
ӾȻ˵Ϊ
塭Ƿǿ߰
ֹ
Ҷȴû˿
ڣػָԭ̬
ڣʱ̵׼뿪
㾹ȻѱʵѹôĹῴ㣬Ҳѹôʱ䣬췭ظ
ӵ˵
һ˫ĿҶ죬ǵȻͷ·һ㡣
Ҷû˵ڽĵֿԷ˵˵ûһ٣ʱ򣬵ùľˡ
Ҫͼֿ㣬ʺǺ棬һһɡ
ӵʵﵽһµĳ̶ȣɲ⡣
̫һӡֹʥ˶Ҫ¡
һͷͿ䣬һͿһǿա
ֻһʥ̶ȣȻľ˴ˣҶⱲӱŷˡ
Ȼزѡӱ˴ߵġ
ֿ𣿡
䡱
У
һ仰֮󣬶ʱ𵴣Ǧƹɵϼ͹ԣӵһʥͷ·һ㣬̤ϼ⣬Ƿ
˿˿ѹϵҶǰֳһԨĪС

âٴεıһɽ屻Ƹ飬Ŀ񳱡
췢ɱޡطɱ½˷ɱط
ѹҶǰ·ǳһӰƽ
ֲʹʼ
ߡ
зĺ
ʱʥӤǺСԴԴϵʩչԼͨ
üһʹʱʥӤ̬
͡
ϼתҶսһ㣬ţħ𲻶ϡ
ߺʩչ
¡¡
ռѣҶţħΧĶٻĶͷ·ţһ㣬ɬһ¡
ߡ
һߴ
ʱҶϵѹ˲ʧ
ߡ
ֳ
Ҷâ˸ʱ磬Ծ
һɣ̼ʧ
лˣԭ
Ҷимޱȵ˵
ղһߣԭͷųģſµɱ¾֮˲ӵѹѹ׵ʧ
ԼСĵ㣬Ҳܹʱĳ֣򡭡
ԭԼļɵƺ֮УҲת⡣
ߣ
ӷĺ
һŭĲ񷡣
ٸڶʼֳ
һŭѪȾ
ʱķ·Ǹо˵ķŭһ㣬Ҷɱ˹ȥ
ߣ
ҶһƵĴţħٵʩչͨĲ𡢳⽣֮ռ֮ĵӡ


1600 ŭȼ
ӵɫޱѿ
֮ŭεȵʱ֮ϣһɹɵĺɫǦơ
·ӳŵŭһ㣬ӿ
ӣǷŭ
Ҷֻһϣһ۵ϡ
ҪɱҲֻһһѡ
ڣʩչԼȻûнҶڴԹĴ
ô˵棬պڣ
뵽ЩεĻ᲻ŭεܹƽϢ
ߡôɣ
ĺ

ʱһĿ硣
ˡ
ﵭĺȵ
͡
ʥ׳֡
Щʥ׵ļԦߣÿһλ϶ķʵ֮䣬ĿϵĿռϳ˿˿İ͹ۼ
ֻǺȻѾ˵ĲĳָжôĿֲ
ʱͫĹŸоⲻʳʵɲ⡣
ձ󣬹ȻⲻʳǶˣȴҲûг׵ʧȥյķٺǿһʱ䣬ͫ˼ǧ
Լļѡ˼˺ܶࡣ
ǽʶȥ
ӷԸ
ǡ
ʥ׷裬ʱǺͯٵ뿪
ӵӰ˸ϣȻʧ
ʧ
ԣʧˣ
е˵ɴԼ˫Ŀ޷ŵĿ
ٶٿ죬ȴҲһ˿ĲҲûɡ
Ӿˣ·һƬռ䣬ԭûһ㡣
ܰܡ
ţħڵĴϢĽе
ϵĺˮ꣬ϵ䡣
Ȼʱνۻˡ
ҶҲˡ
ղŶԿӵһʥûзӦǵ֮ŸоԼϴʱѾû˶ĸо˷˼¡

ڵĴϢţҶ˫Ŀ˿˿ŭ⣺
꣬û꣬Ӻг𣿡
ţħѵĿҶ죺
㿴СӳǲǺ㰡˵ãСӸͲӵĶӣĶӣ˵ɧ꣬ǲ㵱˼һˣûʰϽ˾Ĩˡ
ţħӣҶҧ
ʲô֪
ߡ
һߴʱķ׶ۼ
ۼһγһ塣
һƵʥٲ٣ʼǬص谭
Ҳݡ
Ҷ̲סŭһʱһ֮עţħϣ
ϽĹǼ׷ˡ
ǿ˵ǧۡǧֻС
ҶţħȻˣţħҶĻȴӵɱ

ʣӵɫʱһڡ
ֻһʥӰʱҲ̲סŭ

һִֻ
ͬħɽһ㣬ƺƵʩչȥ
ǵأķ
䡭
ҶţħǶԷĶֱ֣ӱԷѹ˵¡

ӵӰ˸üһѸٵĳ֡
һֻ۾
ۣ֮
ֻźĵŻʸɹĵֻ۾
̲ŵͨ
ب֮УĵҪͼʧ֮ȴţëɹ֮ȴ֮٣ֻ־ͿĹ
ӡҪӣ
ﵭ˵
һֱֻһֻֻһ
ָͬ㽭ɽһ㣬Ķ
̼䣬ѣطڣɽ緢һ㣬ӿǴתΪ˾ˣ
ζĴأζ֮У˿˿Ŀɲ
ػζӵʩչ֮һеĴض׷׵ľ𣬷·ǻһ㣬رķһ顣
ȿȿȡ
Ҷ첻ϵĿ񱼣ǿԲϡ
ѹϵѹԼʩչ֮ɵĳʼ
ֻһʥȻ㾪˵ʵ˵ôﵽһôֲĵزΪʲôЩȴѡһ̬Կһǿߣһֻ־ͿԻһ壬Щ֮Уſµǿߣ޷˽ǿֶΣ˵þˣⲻʳʹͳһˡ
Ҷ찵Ե˵뷨ҲֻһţоˣѹԽԽȻԼͶԷ֮ľҲʼϵš
̵ΣѵҪʩչŰ˲ͼɣֻʩչ֪֮һʲôֶΡ
Ҷкݺݵ
͡
һ֡
Ҷɫ䣬Ҳûľͽţħ͵Ű˲ͼ֮УԼ쵽˵֮¡
ߣ𣡡
һͬһ㣬صնҶС
սһɢ
ֻ֮ϣӵüģһֻ֮ɢϵĵ֮ﾡıС
˸ûа취ܡ
̡
оԼϱһصһɾʹʱɣǿҵʹ£Ҷɫ̲סŤ
ꡭӾҲ׷ô
ݶһƬĿ񳱡
Ҷǻȥˣʱ֪ԼֻܹԼˣݵƺ൱Զ
ˣ
ϵۣƺһж൱ˡ
ǵĵһ뷨ƺӣ
ӵɫൽ˼£˫ĿЩð
ˣ˻ȴҲûа취㻰ǰֵ

ŭһƻͨȻĳҶץȥ

ѣǷָΪʮѺۣÿһѺ۳ףͬǵһ㡣
ۡ
Ҷ챻֮ٴΰôһצ漴һѪ̲ס
ߣʵҪ굽ʲô˭㵨
һֱֻӵָ㣬漴⻪˸ҶüĴȥ
һ⻪ſµҶɫ䡣
оһ⻪̲֮صϢֻҪǶԷԵȥʩչһ˿˿ѣԼͿܱ
޷֮ȫ
ۿžҪУҶзʼõ
ƽ羮֮£ûκε
ļг֣ľѧĳֳ
䡭
һɿµȻĳҶϳ̹ȥ

ըףҶʥ˸һƵʥһγһ޷ķࡣ
ǧǧ۷࣡
һɣҶ˫Ŀ΢΢𣬴˿˿⡣
ͣ
ĺȵ
ǧǧ漴Ź⻪
֮ڱתɽӺǳŮ顭
תҶһ̴ﵽһ۷塣
䡭
һֿµڳ
ҶҲûı㳯Ӿһȭ
ʲô
ӵɫ΢䡣
û뵽Ҷ쾹Ȼᱬ

һŭĸоָ֣оֱսȨ
¡¡
ڶγ˫̬
ңңһȴ˳
ӣİʺã
ݵĺԶԶȴɢ֮󣬷ԲѾƽء
ȴƺ޷ı䡣
ӵɫ࣬ϵĹâһ˸
𡭡
ŭŭ֮ѹ
ӣ׵ŭˣһĿ·ĵâһ㣬˸˳


1601 
ŭȼգȼ죡
ӣõһʳƿأܵ衣
ҶĻνֱвİ
ڴĴ
ݵ˷ԲķΧ
ӵʵεǿ󣬵ȴҲûð취ȥֹ
뵽ԼһָͿԽҶѹεĳ̶ȣҶΪԼȻûн׽ӵǿҡ
𡭡
ŭһӵϱޱߵ֮ʩչһʱ䣬Ƿ׷׵̧ͷȥ֮ϣӵ·һС̫һȼ
ۻȭ
𺳣²ǳɪɪĶţ·ǸоһεвѹԼ
ֲֿĲһʱϯ˷ԲǧķΧ
䡭
һȭɱȥʱռһĹѣ촷ۣһâȭӡĳһʼȥ
Ҷ뿪ĵط

һѡʧ
ۡ
֮һռ֮С
ҶһѪϴžɫıһ˵ڲš
ȿȿȡ
ＱٵĿţɫɷףϵͷš
ҵľת
ţħҲˣʱߣǿԼӴֿ֮ȭ⡣
ۻȭ˵֮Уݻľȭںȭ⣬ɳΪһ壬Դǲʧ֮Ҳû˿ʩչʹ˳Ϊ˾죬ȴû뵽ӾȻʩչ
ҶļǴۻȭļء

ڵһصɽͣЪ
֮ңҶ춼ǿµȭˣԲǧķΧһȭޡ
űԺڻطžĲҶϺĶһʵʾ˾
ÿµļһֻһѣȻԴﵽ˵ĳ̶ȣĻǸ޷ӳƿء
ţħһţҲ˵ı飬һڲѪ޺޵˵
ҵʵ뵽˴̫žľ磬޷һа壬ҵٴεһµĲΡ
뵽ҶҲ̲סĿʼ
ҪĲʵ̫ˣķ񣬵ܹѻѼģҲǱɽһǶѡ
һǳ׵ĵˡ
Ҷ˵
ʳӣȻǲ򵥰
ǰ򵥣Ǹɲӣȴķʽ
Ҷ¶һĨĻߡ
Ҷʲôˣƽտȥĺܣʵȴһǳļһ
ԭҲֻΪѰһЩʯȻع鵽Լ֮УȥѰҵԼˣĻԼ֮½ΪеһħҪȥ¶Ǻѵġ
ڣһĹǿ߷ǴҪɱ׽оһ¡
ڸãǲʳ˶ˡ
Ļ쵰ΪҶģ˭ȥ󼸰𣿡
ҶͷųţħһţҶ飬ǺϤҪùʱҶͻᷢ顣
ˣȻҪǾʹҧһ֣ʳӣҼȻڶ㣬ҿԶҡĸ
Ҷֳһ˿˿ü֮Уɱ񱩡
Ҷ֮ڵĻǴİ
ǲ޵ǿߣҵ˼ңٴε쵽˲ʳ
һʱ䣬ҶƺǳΪһµĳƺ
Щϵǿ֮ж˻᲻֪֡
Ҷ쵨ҿͷӵĻֱ𣬲ҲòٵĹдľϲ
һʱѰҶˣʼ
ǹǣҶƺǳΪһһ㣬ǿͼȥѰȴûκϢ˷·Ǿʧһ㣬ǿڽȴɵûа취ŭ
Ҷˣ
֪˭Ϣ˳ɻϢȴԽԽңȻ˸ˡ
ţҶǱնɱġ
ϢҲиݵģϾӳ֮ҶҲûгֹ
ϢҲ㹻ĳΪ˲Ͽɵʵƾݡ
һ۵ɽ֮Уȴ֪ʱ¡ɽ塣
ɽ壬Ҳֻ¡ѡ
ߴף۵ĺܡ
Χǲ۵ɽΧκεһ˶ûа취ȥע⵽ɽ塣
ǹǣɽ棬ȴÿҹ䶼˿˿·Щ·ɬѶȡؼԪϵ̲У·ǻһ㡣
ա
һգһ
Ϊ׵һˣԦһƥϵսϴصļУͷûͷʾ˿˿ɷݡ
һֳر
ģѾʱ䣬Ѱҵĵһǧʮɽˡ
Ϊ׵λϴŲ֮ɫ˵
Ҷƺȥˡ
һ˼ԦսһףϴŹ֮ɫ˵
ϻӻ֪һѾӵĳ֮£˹Щϲļһ֮⣬˭ֿ֮ۻȭˣ˭˵ҶâӲŰ˵ˣСӻҪˣҪʬˣ˵ҲЩħޡǸɵˣεѰң
⽫Խŭ
Ǹô죿
һҲ˵
˵ϴƣ֮ɫȻѰҵֶΪΡ
ô죿
ǽ̲סֹ
õľ´󽫣ȻѰһܱħ̵ʬ壬ֱ˷ѣһɽǽѰһѰҲȥûСһѰҲҪһֱѰȥ̫ԿˣӺò׵ķһŹرĲҪȥϴһģСӣӵļƻȫˡ
ԽŭĽ̲ס¶˿˿ĲҲԽ
ݣСĳӵǰһҪǧС
ǻڽʱȴûз֣һƬɽ֮У۵𻺻ʧ³ȥ
׳ա
󽫻ŭⲻϵʱһм
˭
󽫵ɫһ䣬ʱŭһ
䱸
󣡡
ϣ
г֣һɿɲɱ֮ʼ
ɱ֮УѪ˵Ķ飬ȷʵ򵥡
ǵ󽫿ǽļһ֮ȴ̲סɵۡ
һȥ׶೤׸ߵĺɫħţ
Էڳһ鿾⣬ľ׽ţ
үģôʱûԹһ㶫ǰѱүˡ
Ȼһֻǵħޣϧ˵ʣ޷γǿħ裬ɱˣֻܹʳˡ
Ǵ󽫵һε˵
˭Ҳûз֣ħţһ˫ĿƺǱԽ


1602 
ҪԵү
ħţıЩŹ֡
˵үǿߵı׼
Ҳɫħţ˵Ȥ
ܹǵħޣʤκΰкܶ඼ûжٵǻʲôȻ˵ħţզأǾʱĴ֮ҲӴһֲĲƷˡ
նɱһѾǵߣһߣһζζĺܰ
ڴʱƺǻʲô̲ס˵
Ҳݣ
ħţ׵ŭˡ
Ȼһ
ʱһɿɲ˳
˳ûɵġ
ʲô
˵ɫ䣬ȫû뵽һٶȾȻôѸ١
䣡
ʧɫ
ĳʼɿľ
衭
һţ֡
ռĹ
֮һеĴڽΪްıƿС

޴ı֡
λսʿܵش
ħţŭ˿µЧ·һ㣬Χ󲻶ϡ
͡

ϮСİһһħޡ
ǴڷӦ˹
﷢Ĳҽ
ȥأ
ħţһŭʱһ޴ĺɫħţ֡
ŭ𣬼ţǷ·Ҫ̴һ㣬֮Ĺâѵĺۼ
£ħ졣
䣡
һţӣص𣬴ĺۼ
Ȼѵˣˡ
Ҫɱ㡣
Լ£Ȼ󽫷ŭĺһ˸ԷƱǡ
ȻŴ̫žΪ
⵹һǿߡ
䡭
һâȭӡޱѪȻճ֣һȭӶصĴ˴󽫵ǰ
ꡱ
ѵĲסԼţϴ޷ŵɫѪ
ˡ
һӰĳֳʵ״̬
ɫĳۣѩɫĳɺɫ˫ħ
Ҷ
˴֮Ǵ󽫵૵ĺ
ʱڵĸоĲԾһֻѰħţ˵ķ
һֻǵħţز֪Σնѡǽа
ţҶһͷħţԼȻû뵽
ԼǰԵѾ͸˵Ѫĵ˵ϡ
Ҷ쵭ĿŶԷƻӶȭӰ˸

ЩսʿĲҽ֮УѸٵĴǵ
ʱˣڵĳˡ
ŵһƬĲ֫ѪҶûзϻ˵ϵһ鿾⣬ȥ
ʱ䰡үȻ˰ʱ䡣
ţħ൱޳ܵıҶ죬ȻڶԴ൱Ĳ
̫ˣҪʱ𣿶ңʵڿŴ̫žĳ̶ȣʱ䣬ҿǸĵҩ֪ˡ
Ҷû˵
Ѿô޳ܡ
Ǹô죿
ߵôĲ֫ҲǳԵĽζ
ʱ䣬ǿҪúõȻҪǾͺúõıһ
Ҷ˫Ŀɺɡ
ƻӶһ곹׵ȥ
ܿʱ顣
ꡱ
ԼȭͷҶϴŵȻɫ
ʱ䣬ȻǴ첻𾳰ΪԼʵų
֮ôﵽһµĲΣʱ߲ۻɷʥ塢ħ֮׵֮ŵȵȵľѧȫƿأԭĳ̶ȣҪ̫̫߳࣬Ҷġ΢磬ٴε
һ۱Կֵ㡣
ǴҲŴ̫žΪȴǱҶһȭɱˡ
ΪҶ붼ġ
ȴǾְɡ
Ҷ˫Ŀ𣬻ؿ˵
󽫵ƿ𣿡
Ҷص˵ͷ
ӡ
Ҷţħĵֹ
ֻţħţһ㶣漴ıٴεĳ֡
֮ţħıѾ˼£ȻҶļƻǶθڡ

ʳһ
һȨʵڴ̫ž۷徳硣
һսӵΡ
Щ꣬Щսǵ𣬾ĵλҲʼҡ˲١
ߡѰһ֪ҶȻҲҪҵˣģѲɵΪҾû𣿡
һ޴ĸ֮ۡУһλ¶˷ŭɫĺ
ǰ۵СŶԷŭûκεĵȥ˵
ž
еıӱݺݵ˵ϡ

ˡţѾм忪ʼҡˡ
ڵһˣڶž˵
ߣǲʳū϶ĶǵȴռǲʳĳɹõǲʳһУǶǲʳһöʱڣ֪ʲôʱͿԱըӺεȵĴϻۣȻȺѹƵϡ
뵽Щ̲ס¶һ֮ɫ
ȻӵѡΪĲ
ҶСӣģһȥӣñƨɣŻãŵĻһҪ
һ˵ıʱΪĹŹ֡
˵ĻǸεѰң
Ȼ⻰ǿǲȥ˵ûùĻǡ
ʱһ󼦷ɹͻȻһĲҽС
͡
һλսʿĳ˽
ʲôˣ˵ľţ
ɫƵĶλսʿһŭĺȵ
ˣˡġġ
˵սʿϱƺǱøӾ
л˵ƨţٲ˵Ӱˣ
ΪˬľٴεĿԼӣ̲סĺ
ˣˡ
䡱
޴
γһӰ
䡱
ٴεıѣɿĳ˳ȥ
Ϊϲ
վһˣ׵ɵˡ
군ˣ군˰
¡¡
ӿǾ޴ľӰӶԼ޴ֱۣÿһεĻӶﵽ̶ȡ
Ŀ⣬ֻȣȶ֭ζ
һĳ
ֻһֻɫĴţĳŸ裬ǰһѪ⻹һ룬Ѿһ޴˻ϣϵطζζ
֬䵽Уʹø
һ࣬ʣµһѪ⣬һֻ޴սսϴۣͷϴżǣˣһԱɫ۾ȴûбպϣ·Ǵ޾ԩһ޷õͷš
ӴƣҪҪ㣿
žǺɫĴţ¶ı飬Ц˵
̬ţħ˭
Ҫɱ㣡
ԼĿ׵ˡ


1603 ɱ¾ЧӦ
һֺ
ԭһǿħޣؼĴͽ֮󣬲ųΪ
ʵҲ൱ǿ
һֻھߣѾ£˵ǾΪĴڣҲΪŵ
ȴû뵽Ȼǰţħ˳ˣ
ŭʱ⶯Ŀֲݻ
Ĵ֮û˫Ǿ޴ľӰȻĳţħȥ
һʮᣬҲһλ֮Լ߶ʩչľѧΪ
Ҫүˡ
ţħ˵
͡
һ֡
һݣ
תɢ޾ı֮·ҪⷽԲʮ׵ķΧ׵һ㡣
Ľ漱ת£Ѹٵĳžǰȥ
ʲô
оԼǰǿֲĴʹУɫʱĿ䡣
սµľνһλǿߣ̫žǿֶΣ㹻ӵܶࡣ
ǵս֮Уܵһص˺ǰһλϣΪʩչ൱ĿֲԾǿȥѾָˣʵɴź֢
ǿеĴ߶㹻

̲סŭһͶ
Ӵ壬·һŭħһ㣬ʩչԼƣĳԼǰĴȥ

ֲľʱһɿֲĽ顣
͡
һӰ˸
ӰűϢ֮µĻһ㣬ǰһš
˲˺ţ֮ϵ˳ƽôľ˳׵˳
ۡ
һѪ
弱ٵĶš
͡
ϼת˵֮Ӷϵγɡ
䡱
ӰٵĻӶȴ޷϶ԷֵٶȣڵһâӶȥԴĴΪ⡣

޴嵹ء
һӰ˸
֮УǲǺڹʥ׻˭
ζǲ
ڵľ׽ſ⣬ţħ˵
߰ɡ
Ҷںڹʥ֮УоΧ˷Ŀֲﵭ˵
һȻ޷ĵط
ǿ߲٣ȻҶ첻£ȴҲ鷳ģЩǿ֮УɵĲ
ȻеҲ
ٺٺ٣һȻǸ׳գ¶ûüٻһ˳ˣϵ
ţħٴεһ鿾⣬󣬽ǿĿߣƨƨߵĸҶʧˡ
컢󽫣
ǲʳ֮кͽ
ȻûзеıȨȴѾʮֵĽӽˡ
ȨӵűȨʹӵ
컢󽫣ȻȴҲ˵ȥСԷ
һҹһ޴һǹǹΪʵʣ
ֵ컢󽫵һɱΪࡣ

˵Ѫ
ˣǹʱڣ֮ĺ
ӵ
ǲʳȴҲ컢֮ĵձ潣ǽϣѪɶ
Ѫ󽫡

һλλһλλĴ󽫣Щ˵һɵȴҲ֪ǲʳġ
ôˣÿһλʵڴ̫žϣ̫Ѿﵽ˴̫žΪ
ôˣôǿߣһ˿ȥֿģ˵һ𣬺ɨһʸˡ
ԼڿѰǲʳ鷳
Ҷһɣ
Уһˣôʱ˻ûðݣǱˮˡ
Ϊһɫͷ·ǻһĳܴݡ
ǿǷ׷׵ĵȴı
ˣÿһλ·ųһ㣬붼ᵽеϢ˾ǲʳҪһг׵ѹȥȴҲ޷ڸס֮˵ɢ

ʳʹ֮С
һƷı
󣬱γޱߵߡ
֮Ļ˷âһ㣬ɨ£˷һɹɿµͷų
˭һΣһҪնɱһ壬һ֪Ҳļ峹׵䡣
ǿµв
˵֮ˣӡ
ӵĻ޷ݵ򣬵ʵȴǿԽϢɢġ
ߡôĿҪ˵鲻ҹģҹģΣôˣҹ㲻ʳҪܹ𣿡
һλ峤˲мĻظ
˵⻰ҵļ٣
Ĳ䣬Ȼ˵Ͳʳû̫ĸϵǱϾ൱ˬӵĻҲ˶ԷĲ
ǽһ޿ײ밡
˲һϢ㴫
ʳ䡢кƺ޷жĸϵ֪ʳԴô
һϢֱӱͷ
һϢ֮ˡ
ôֱҪս
ȻڵõϢ֮󣬲ʳѸٵǰҪԷһ˵
κζٵͲʳ֮ˮݣ֮ƣȴҲû÷ֱӽĲʳնɱ
սʹ˵γɡ
ҹˮ
գķƶ
Ǧѹǣ˴һ޵ѹ
ѹƣ·Ҫ˵ĺʼ
Ũصѹ֮£Ǳ̹ǵϢʡ
𡭡
һ֣ҹĻµļž
ǴӲʹġ
һöӵӡǴϵɢһɫӰγɡ
Ⱦһɱ֮
ϣǸľ붼ľ붼Կ
ӡ
Ѿµӡһճˡ
ӡٻлʳ졢塭ӡǡ
ǹϵʷ֮УӡҲֻս֮УŲʵĳֶ֡
һ֣ƱѪ
һγ󵽵ʷ
һ̣֮еӡٴεˡ
ƺڻǹϵ£ӡŭ֮дһֿµѪϢ
Ҳʳ졢壬֮ˣ̴Һɨң
˷
սսս
˷֮Уսĺ
쳹ķ
ˣʳδһսһΣȴƺҪΪʼ
һεĳ֣ҶţħҲû뵽նɱ˼죬ȻЧӦ
֪ĻӦùնɱ
ţħޱȵ˵
ѾΨ²ҡ
ȻԴҶû˿ķһǲʳ
Ҫսұս
Ҽٻش


1604 ٷһѻ
ҵļѾŻˡ
ǿߵһһжֶͬһ㣬һһﶼ־ҪڶѣϾô˵濪ʼ˵ȥĻֱڸԼһ׼޷ȥɵķӡ
Ҳ壡
Ψ²ҵɢԼϢ
һʱ䣬ҵ˶ı֮˺޵ԭһκڹȴŶԷĲγһֱ׼
Ǳҵ˺ⲻʳдս
Ȼ˵ⲻʳبŵʱڱ㴦ڷѵ״̬ʧ֮󣬲ñ㴫ϢȻһϢ֪٣ⲻʧǼٲ˵ġ
Ĵ֮£Ŵٳӿ֡
κձ󣬾ǲʳѾѵˣеĵȴҲκεһ˿ȥ󵽵ġ
ǰĲ£ЩմѪɱ¾˷һ˶Զŵ֡
ڵӣ۲Ŵԣ治ʵӰһʱ䣬ʳѾһĽ׶Ρ
ڵҵǲҺͶԷȥа尡
ʳˣϵɢԼϢ
ʱҵȻҲڰеټˣӵĲʱѰ֧֡
ĵ֮ȴûס
ʳʵֲ̫ˡ
˵ҪȥĻƺڶʱ֮ǲ̫ʵ
ڰţħҶ̲סƲ˵
Ҷ˫Ŀâ˿˿⣬ؿ˵
Ȼ˵ĻǾ͸Ƿһѻɡ
ɽȣ
ǰһɽȡ
ռزѡ
Ǿһɽȣȴܹע
ԭһ̾ȵء
̾һֱȽľʯ֮еܴ󣬶Ҽ۸ΪĲơ
ɽʢ̾ҲΪ˲֮ء
طȴһεľء
ΪǡõĴҺͲʳĸ֮ء
֮һֱһ״̬ԭǻల£κľ֮£˴ҲԽ
һֳرżеսʿǣѲţ۾ҲʱĳԶǧ֮⿴ȥ
Щսʿϣؼ൱Źϵ·һʩչצ
ȻǲԶǲʳ
ĵطҲһеսʿЩ˻żлףϱ׵ĲݵѲţҲʱĳЩʳսʿ¶Ƶ̬
һҵ
ʱξأҲһ൱΢ĳ̶ȣǻըҩһ㣬ԵĴ߻
أⶼôʱˣΪʲô滹ûոնȺ֪Ķ
һλֳ־޽Ĳʳսʿ¶˲м֮ɫԶҵսʿǣƵ˵
СǡõĿ㹻öԷ
Ȼһҵ˷׷׵¶˷ŭɫ
ôģȺװȵļһΪԼǻʳʱ𣿾ȻҶô˵ʮ
ǣΪԼ˲ССĴ첻ΪҲǣΪûսնȺ֪İ׳ˡ
Ҳ֪ǰ׳հ׳յĻôܹأ
ҵˣҲǲ󣬻ӵĶ񶾡
˵ʲô
Է˵裬Ȼ˵ԼԷǰ㻰ȴ˶ԷĲʱŭĳŶԷ
ɣ׳ڽˣУиƨб£㵹սʲӵ𣿲ټԼ£ȴûзŸƨ𣿡
˲󣬾֪ⲻʳʵСҵȴûʾĻػ

ӵ£
ܲˣս
һ˿ʼ֣ʱһĹ
˭˭
ҵҲʣʱ˹ȥ
սʿȻֻɴСһ֣ȴ
һʱ䣬սʱıŷ˳
ۿսʿҪսˣʱŭȴ˳
ס֣

֮УͻȻĳˡ
һֱֳУףлĿ񱼶
һһװɫۣ̲ش·˸ԣƮݶ
߷ƿߡ
ؼ֮ˣɫһԵ֮˸Եǲʳһλ
ڿŶֵһ֮˵
õСĵ㣬Ҫ˵ܺˣĻӵ˿ɲǳصġ
㻰˿˿вʱҵεܹȥ󲻸ʾЦ
Ҳ̺ܽԼ£ϾҵҲǳԸɷģһֵĻùĿѾҪӲĲʳ
ԣȴҲ׳֡
ΪǶ֪ʱʱڣһ֣Ǻ޷ġ
ԼȻ
ߡ
С
һеŭս⣬ת뿪
͡
һâͻȻı
һɫ
󲻶ȴһ㣬ͻأĳ֣ſµ磬״硣
ɽʯڻ¡

һµıҵǿߣʱǿļδͣЪ˺ʮ˵֮󣬲ɢ촷ۡ

ҵ˷׷׵ıߵĺ
ģ
תǲʳսʿǺ
һλ󽫵ɫҲǽסһ䣬̲סĽе
ⲻǵ˳ֵġ
ݣֻǲʳˣȻҽƱ磬ɱ
ɱ
˵һ¶˷ŭɫ׵ĶһĲʳսʿһơ
һƴޱߵͷŭӰ󣬾Ȼһ˺һλսʿ
ɱ
λҲһĻ̲סĺ
͡
ݺᡢ˫ѪϢ
˭Ҳûз֣һ֮ˣƺ൱Ŀ¡
һȭһƣնɱһˡ

ڣ˳˼֮λ󽫷еè壬̲סĳŶԷ˹ȥ
ӭһԳ˹Цɺ졣
㡭
һɺ˫ǸҶ˭ʧ˰ʱ䣬һɺҲ̫˵ɡ
һı
󽫵о
ɡ
һ૳֡
Ҷ漴ĳ֡
ʱΧռһ󷭹ͷڡ
λ󽫵ʵڴ̫žľ磬ʱоҶɱ֮ȻʩչӵĿֲ
Ѫɷʽ
еرâµ·˿˿Ĺ⻪γһ̣ÿһ̱һɱ۵ޱȡ
Ҷ˫Ŀâ
΢
֮˸˲ҵ˶Է㡣
߲ǹһ㣬˲˶Էһ࣬һȭӶ
ӡȭ
䡱
޴ȭӡĴ˶Է̣˶Է漴ҵսʼȻ뿪
һѻҶţ㹻ȼġ


1605 ս
ɽ
ҵĸݵء
ɽɽأž޴
ҽɵıսײ϶Ǵ￪ɳġ
ˣҵһλǿߣʵڴ̫ž۷ľ磬ӵʥףʩչնɱ̫žޡ

һ󼱴ٵĴϢ֡
ֻӰɡ
ٵӹһɽ塣
֮ΪɽĴɽνһصĺõطӰȴһǰһ׷ѰٶȺѸͣҪܺض൱ѵġ
֣㵽˭
ǰڵĴϢһһƴȥ
գĺɫѺ۲ϵ˺ѳϢΧһл촷ۡ
ľ飬ɽλ
ĺӰǳûһԷϢĻᡣ
˶ԷѯʣǺӰĽԼͷϵñƿ
¶һס
ѩסɺ죬֮д˿˿ɷ
Ҷ
һλǿߵɫ
ѹѾ꣬ҵһλ֮ˣףȻ֪ʱ䷢顣
Ҷ֮ɫסĴ
㡭㾹ȻΪ˲ʳ߹˵ֻµһ֣һðȾΪսľ֣еһöӶѡ
λܵɫԽѿŶЦϵ꣬³һֺ⣬޾ĺ⣬ȫĸ
𣿡
Ҷһ˿⡣
ֻǲ¶һѡ
Ҷ쵭˵
ҵˣû˿⣬ɱ˾ɱˣٶɱ¾˵ҲʲôģĲҶԼ׷ɱҪʲô
Լġ
Ȼȴ޷ҳΪӣңƺΪҵӡ
ܵɫеӵĿֲҪԼĶסһ㡣
뵽һµɣһ㹻òʳҶΪ֮ɣ
ѡѵ˵Ļĺ֣㣿
Ҷ΢΢һЦ
ƺôһ£ֻҪǲʳѣû뵽ǵļƺͲϰȻһжǵԼϣ˵ƺǸӵ
ܵǶŲϣϣԵĻǺھͻص壬ȻһƵ˰죬ŪòľԱһ㣬ʵȴֻһ
٣㵽жô
Ҫһи߼壬һг
ܵдĺ
ˣֻҪһȻȥ޻ǲʳ֮Уսٶȣ˲ʱƺûлῴսˡ
Ļ쵰
ܵвҶһ̫ˡ
Ҫɱ㣡
ڣղƳ֣͸صĲƣʱһֻ˺ص棬Ҷץȥ
¡
ɽѣХӿǺ貣ĹԲֱ¡
ֱӵҪҶ˳׵նɱ
̶ȵʩչıһֿ񱩵ƣȻǶԷѾ֪ԼشʩչҲǰٷ֮һٶĳ̶ȡ
ĹľɽӡĲ΢Ե
һִƣһֿ޷ȥֿĴơ
Ǿڴʱһʥ֡
һʥ⣬صһ㣬˸漴Ϊ͵ս⡣
սӰ֣ħ֣֮ͷųԼܡ
ԦӣҶʩչͨΧĿռ䳹׵ֳ
΢
֮˸ϣĹâ·Ƕĵꡣ

ɫĴϵͨĽᾧ
񲻿ɴݣ̣
սӰֳսǹ棬ħ֮ʩչȭȪ
¡¡
ͬһ㣬ǿֲĺɫֱ飬ڶԷ㵵֮У˲ڴܵһţȻ
ۡ
ѪܵѪ⿪ʼɽ
ɻ
ҶŲ̤Ǻӣĳȥ
͡
һָһ㼴š

Ĳҽ֮УʱԷ׵
ҶֵĽϵһö¡
˿˿ѺۣȴҲĿһޱȣšʳ
аɡ
Ҷ漴Ķ֮⣬ڿſţħ˵
õģֵҵǳˡ
ţħԼţϲһԼţӣ漴һɴɣŭ
ʳ
ķͬǴ̵˲Ķ뵽
Χն˴̶Ч÷
֮ţħڳһǷɧ̬ٴεĸһԼţޣЦ˵
ôɣдŴүԹ⣬ȵνתﰡ
ߡ
ҶûıѾһѣ漴ٵ뿪
ոյ뿪֮һ˱˹
ѪģĲ֫
ǳϣǼĳϡ
һĺ
ΧܿˣǡϻۡҵһƵơ
ʳǲʳˣ̲ˣս
ôˣʳˣ̫ˡ
ҵˣͲסˣȻɵܶ࣬˭ȥȥ˼Է۸ԼſˣٲȥֱҪȥˡ
ʹ޿ײֶΣѸٵĵõеϢ
վһɽ֮ϵӣɫȻ·ûκεȥҡġ
һ࣬һʮˣסؼסĳվȻݲһȴɷ
ɱ¾֮Żγɵɷ
һȺˣΪҲģ̬µǳעԪÿһλС֮ǲսĺˣҲⲻʳĸ
£һΣƺܵĳƣǵˣûȥͶԷ֡
һλսؿ˵
㣬ȴˣķ֮ϵķž֮һһﾹȻ̲
ֻ˵ǿ㹻Ŀ˵ʵǶôĿֲ
˭ȻҲʳǰССҵС£Ͼֻһ壬ǲʳȻûյķٵģһȴҲ޷κǣôõʱˣЩͱͷ׺ҲֹʱڵĬΪǣֻǵ˭أ˵ĵѵ˵ҪҲʳ
˭£Ǹóˣôʱ䣬Ӷﻵˡ
һλĽе
ǰ£ʱĶԴȺ׳գ˭Ǽһɱһǡ
ǣôʱˣǱˡ
ӵһ¶˿˿⣺
ߣǰ˭ҲʳϲַôõʱˣǲʳҲ֪һˣĻôõȥΪǺء
һ˿ӵϣĿ¶ɱ⡣
ɱ⼤еѪ
֮ս


1606 ѪɱĻ
ɽ¥
һʱһּȼž̬֮С
ּžһǿѹƣѹֵЧ֮£ǿǣ׷׵ĸоһɱ֮ʼΧʼչ˳
ҵˣǴһֿµıս״̬
ս
һ仰ӵﴫȴѾһִơ
һļᶨ
ӿ鷳ˣս֮У˺ԶֻЩѰ֮ˡ
̲סķ˸̾
ǰңبŵʳڲʵĴ£ɱ¾ȾѪ񷣬ɱ¾ֶκͲֹڣĺȴٴεս
ߣҲǵˣʳΣҪսǹǿҲĮӵģôĹںһĻ㹻һִƣһʷǰĴƣ˵ⲻʳȥ޻ء
˳ֲͬĹ۵㡣
ҿɲôΪҪ֪ڵĹԭĹǲһˣ໥ĹĶǣû˵ںϺŽᣬ˵ҵҪսĻ˵ûûмȥġ
䡭
ǿȻĲ
һӳ
˵Ǧơ
ɵǦƱŷ˸â֣̲ͨĹ⻪ⲻʹ֮ͷ˳
սʼˣ
˾ȵĽе
ɱɱɱ
һŭſɲɱ֮쳹
һ޴ս֣еһµʥף˸űĽâÿһʥ׶·ǴһѪȵĲǼҪ̬
裬ԦգһƬƬ
еһսʿ
ǹϵսˣ
˷ӿսʿ˾
̬սеǿʼ
ϵսһǲʵߣⲻʧ֮ȴҲѡ˳Ĭ
ǳĬ෴ǣ֮Уÿһλ졢Ԫ˧ʼԼʵ
˶˽ĵģЩһȴȻĲͬǵ¿ɼ֮ǰҪԼԸĺˣҪԲʳΪ
˵Щ˲ⲻʳĵ̣Ҳĵơ
һΣҲǵһεٻȺǿǡ
ϻת֮޲ɱ¾Ϣ
군ˣ׵군ˣ˵ƣӶʼѡֶΣǴ㽫ҸĽ
֪ļģ߹룬˵ҵȫĻļ壬ҪĺͲʳսȴҲ°õĺĻȴǵĽӿǺԼڲʵԸеһƴһֱͼȥ򳹵׵ƿΪеߣߡ
жϵ
һеķȴûκεһ˿ԸһȷĿܡ
̫ǿˣǿǽʵĻϽеġ
Ϊͨ죬ӵı˵Щϵļ˵Ҫ¡
һƬϵĳС
һƬĳпһƬɽһƬɽ̲֮ĵ󡢾ʯȵҲܹôطĻЩƸŴʹԽǿ
һҹȴעһѰҹ
ޣʮ֮ߵѡ뿪
͵õϢӺ֮Ҫһս
һεľսΣû֪еһȴɣǱսĳ潫ޱȲҵģ뿪ʱǻĻôĶ֪ġ
ҹԭһ֮Ϊ׵ʱ̵ģǵ˽ҹȴעǲƽġ
˺ҹһɱڵȻĴ·һҹħһ㣬ȻĺɫǦơ
ǦѹǣڸסһҫĲ¡
ͼȴڵɱѹĵء
֮ŭ֮֮ս֮ںһγһεԼĵһֵӣ
ҲߣȻ
ңңǸ߿֮Уһȡ
ҲߣԶ
ٴεĴһΣȴǧںһ𣬴ݳɵľ𣬲ɢֲĲķƬǡʱͬ˿һ㣬ѸٵѺ𶯶Ƭͬǰһ㣬ɨ䡣
ԭƽҹĻһ̳׵ıˣԭͬһ˳ĳ˯ħްĹųǣڵķı
ݣ
ҵˣĺ
ɿµս⣬໥ʮľ룬ͬ޴ħһ㣬໥Ķһ
ңȵ֮Ŵηһʳ֮ڽһһ
һָ߰һֿµϣܹ̬ģ֮⣬ˡ
ңبŴܵĥѣڵ㣬ܹһССİʳҲвģ
һ˲ݳ
Ÿ߰쳣ĺͶԷһš
ɱ
ħ޳˻սĿĻ𡭡
ϡ
һֳرսʿɱǼԦħޡ
ֳֳìǹħɱڵͷŶ¡
żʮľ룬ɱ⣬ȴͬʵһ㣬Ԧ˳գĲ
塭
ҵҲʾ漴ǲǧսʿŶԷȥ
˭֪һҪ군ˡ
ʳսʿǣÿһ˵·һµħޣЩħޣ޺ħ޵ĺͬȴƬżĳ̣ÿһεڿգ޲˿˿Ѻۡ
īޣ
Ѫͳһִڡ
صļһֻǲʳ˲ʸȥԦҲֻǲܹзԦǡ
ҵ˵ѾһӲҪ˵ˡ
Щû뿪ͼҪϷҪһѵˣ̲סһ
նڲ⵽˶ˣ
ϵսڿնһս֮ϣԼսʿˡ
ɱ
һλֳìȻĻӶ
ì֮ϣʱһƬǺӡ
һǺӹУݻȥ
䡱
޴ĺ֡
ʱһϵСǱ׵
¡¡
ì£Ȼļʮ֮ңݺݵسһųǴȥ˺֮ϵʮˣٴεû뵽˹ų֮УһƬʯ˺ѵѪ⡣
ɱɱɱ
սʿѪڣ˫Ŀħŭ֮УԦī޳ŶԷȥ
һǧ˵ĶҲǳ
ڵĽһ
͡
ʥ׳֡
һɢʥף·Ǵսһ㣬ֳУһѪꡣ

һλսĺˣѪѪ꣬ȻӶԦʥףһбնɱʮˡ


1607 ҶĹ
ǺܾˣһȺӵūȻҲͼԼս

һʱ䣬˲ʳսʿǵʿӼҵĳޡ
ǣԭλȷʵ£ȴҲ˵ķһʱ䣬ŭ֮ʤղš
ôĵӣ֮£ƽȣһССķˣҲͼֻڵıӻȴҲҺҹ忹⣡
һλ߷˷ŭĺ˸Ԧһʥףʩչһ־޸˵ĸӰ⸫Ӱǿƥ˫ƾ㹻ﵽ̫žֶΣȻնλսʿ
ǵ

ԷͣȻ˵ע⡣
һλԦգȻΪʥ׶ʩչͽֳŶԷȥ
˿ƽȴǿںһĺ£ȻһƬǺӡ

ըףһŭǺӲ£ʱ˲񷣬һµǺӣÿһ˿

ٴεŭһǺͷţʥ׿ʼɢѣһȭȥ׵˺˶Է
սսս
ʳսʿʿǣһʱɱӵ

һĲҽ֡
ֻһλӳѾȥ
ļһ
һλսֳ֣˫ִ󽣣Ӷȥ·ǰɫı˪һ㣬Ȼޱ
֮ȻĽӵ飬ΪһƬ⡣
ɱһ
˷׷׵ĺ
ʱĲʳսʿͬǶһ㣬֮νǴݲһʱҵսʿƺǸо˶ԷǿսⲻϵıߴˣѾ˺˹ų֮⡣
ȻֻҵĵһųǣȴǷبŴڣҵĵһˡ
䡱
һȭӶȥ
һȭĪ⣬һ캳ص磬Ӵɫâһʹһȭָ
Ӵȭͷͷ·һɫ̫ɽһ㣬Я־Ҫѹɨһ۹
¡¡
ѣȻģһųǵĴűˡ
ս˵ûע⣬ǲܵġ
Ͼ֮䣬ⲻʳ˵ȴǸʳͳεġ
һ¶⣬ǹԭּ
ڣ֮䣬ȴƺѾΪʼı
ҡ
Щ鷳ˣǹ֮䣬ǧìܣȴ޷ıǵݣⲻʳ֮ˣӵĴ£ҪһҸ⣬˵õĻĺá
ҵļ˵
һ׵Ĵ֮ϣΧһԲεӣҵļѯʵԲ֮ˡ
ҵĺģҲΪǿҪˡ
Ǽ壬ԴϾǵڵͶԷҲĹϵ˵ҪֵĻƱػɲС鷳ģϾǳˣļأ
һλɢŸϢߣؿ˵
˵ͬһĿľһ㣬ëڸסԴ޷Էģһâ˸˫Ŀϵ̬ȴֳ˶Էǿʵ
ǰңǵϢⱰ΢ǣƺѾͶ˲ʳȥĻǺ֪̫ܲˣҵ飬ȫҵģԣʳȴҲȥǵ鷳ΪǿźϵĹкܶ࣬ҵҪǿ̫̫ˡ
˶Դ˱ʾͬ
ߡô˵ĻǹϺڣ
˷̬ͬȡ
ȴѸٵı˷
ң²Ŵﵽ˽յزҪҵĻеĴ˭ұ֤ˣ˵ãǼҲģɲܹȥܵģҲҪģңӾǵٴȴҲңѵ˵Щ𣿡
һ˵¶˹Цؿ˵
ѵ˵
ҵļȻһ㶵ģȴܿ¶˾֮ɫ˵
Ȼܲˣ˭Ҳ޷֤
˵֮ˣһ˿ɡ
Ҳɣһ飬ȷʵ˭Ҳ޷϶ġ
ϧ
ֻңʱĹ嶼ҵ顣
һονǴֱʣκεһ壬޷֤ԼĸǷǿԻر޷϶ԼļǷȫ
սɳɱ¾չֳ
ӵսʿλսĴ¿ʼϵǰ֮νǴݲ
֮ϣǧ֮⡣
Ҷţħվϴ˿˿⡣
ƺǱƻ֮еĻҪð
ţħƲƲ˵
ҪģĲˣƱزʹ˷ŹҵģһΣΪ⡣
Ҷĵͷ˵漴ȴ˿˿Ц
Ҳû뵽һ徹Ȼûһȥҵģ߹룬بŲĵЩԶһʱվ㲻һȵӵθԽԽҲΪӽĿꡣ
ţħ˻ţӣЦ˵
Ǹô죿
գңң֮УԸоһɱϢڳɢ
ϵļ֮УԵĲǿޣһֱڵĻƱػὫһսӺ󣬵ʱȻĿռݵٵıˣѾô˼ڿջˡ
Ҷ૵ĵ
ʳĴӪʹ
Ҷɣϴ˿˿⣬һ࣬ţħһţǲϳܿţʱĸԼţޣʹţӲϵͷų˿˿Ị̇ı޲˵ʱ൱Ĳ
ʹʱĻʹ֮У϶ûжٵǿģ֮УΪµĵطبŴڵĲʹһѪʣصʧˣµĶ϶ǴڵģܹЩȫķ֮أҲֻˡ
Ҷ϶˵
ţħʱͱǰĻʹ̼Ķ
ⲻʹϵ֮ҪγһʵʣȻ֪ⲻʵ׺ʲôϵǵ֮ȴԵĲ򵥡
Ӵܹ֮ɵ㹻ñүٴһΡ
ţħǲϿ֮˴ε̬
֮ѾΪʵʣˣĻòҪǡ
ҶļһȻĿȾ֪һЩ֮¡
ⲻʹǵһĵģȻϿȥû̫ص㣬ֻ޾Ļ֮ʵҶ֮ȴǿԸо̲صֲֿ
ֲ·һƴܵ־
ҶûʲôľٶȻ޷Էע⣬ֻҪԵĴеһ˿֮󣬾㹻öԷͷųʱҪܶˡ
ҲҶҪļƻ
һ̽뵽ʹļƻ
ӣ㰲ĵҹҧɡ
֮⣬Ҷ૵ĵ


1608 ʳ֮
֮УǿߵĴڣԣΧĻҲǲͬ
еĴϺ֮أеⲻʳĻʹ֮ȴ·ǱһεĶǿʹΧĻ˸ı䣬ıͷ·һʹһ㣬κεϺȵ޷©
뵽ⲻʹ֮У˲ıԸоΧǿ
ůĲѾﵽıĳ̶ˡ
ţħϴžɫ˵
Ҷţħ޲̲ǿͷḻļ䣬ǵļ֮ȴԵûκεһطԺǰĲʹȽϡ
ڽ뵽˾֮Ҷʶĸ㻷ҲкܶģǾҲ޷ǰ֮Ƚϡ
µĲΧɢţൽľء
ңңĿȥⲻʹķΧȻͬһ㣬ͷ
ߡ
Ҷ˵
ʱһС
ҵ֧ţҶȻ֪ÿһÿһʱ䶼Ϊۡ
Լɲܹ˷ѵҸԼȡʱ䡣

ţħԦһħѸٵĴҶ쿪ʼǰȥ
֮ΪŨ
ҽĹţħҶҪõĶ࣬۾úܣһ۱㿴ĲԾʱҶ쳯һͬҺһʵʻĻ֮ȥ
ϸ˵֮֮ȻһֱСӡӡ֮ƣǸҶļ䣬ȴ֪߸ʮǧĲ࣬һϵûС
Ǿûйϵ֮ȴҲǼ֮ǵ֮ȴҲϡٵĺܣҪµĻۺһĻۡ
ɴ˿ɼ֮˵ŨԵĲ򵥡
̡
һ׵춯ʼ֡
ƺǸоҶţħĳ֣ΧһʱĳַӦƺڳʾ
ȥõġ
ţħûһţӾ˦˹ȥ

ǹ貰Ĺ⻪˸˲ĿʼΧž
ˡ
Ȼһ״ʼֳʹ˷ˣֻһµħȻɿĴͷų
ͷţǷ

ҶȭͷٵĻӶȥϵıҲȻı仯
䡱
ײʹ˲Ҷţħ߱ɵ֮⡣
ʲô
ţħһţùԲ
һħղͷųġ
𡭡
һݳ
ʱռ俪ʼ仯
ԭǺΧںһĿռ䣬ʱƺܵĳԼһ㣬ٵĳΧָ
ô£
ţħ޷ŵĽе
ָһοռ䣬ζĿռΧȫ໥ָģȴֱռ֮Уоͷ·һرװš
žžž
ţħĻոյ£ûеȵҶػһ̣ǱΧסĿռڲȻûʮɫĻ
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ʮÿһһԶԵۿϣ˸Ĺâ֮
˵ĲϵչֳĿռ俪ʼҶţħٴεѹȹȥ
ҶֻǸоԼĺһļ٣ֲֿĲ֮£Ȼһ˿в
ݡߣ
̲סһҶڣƴĿʼʩչ˳
ž
һצγɣһǦ³Ǧ֮ϣһɫצ·̲ȻĳҶţħץȥ
һצȻƼ򵥣ͨȴ·̲ϵһ㣬Ҷţħߵ岻ϵĲţȻ޷һצ
͡
Զա

һɢʱӰʼ֡
Ҷţħǰγһϡ
ߡ
ҶƴʩչԼΧĴţħͼѳȥ
ʱҶڵĿ϶ⲻʵǿֶΣʧôõʱˣⴴĹȻɿ£ֻһз뵽еڲɡ
ȻɨˣҶȴҲûа취
䡱
ͻأһ˵ıٴγ֡
ֻʣµʮδţ෴ǣΧҶΧȻֵķֱϾֻűڷҶڲ֪εƿأͻһҲֻʱϵˡ
ΧĻҶȥ·µģ޷ͻơ
үүˡ
ţħͻȻضҶ˵
ɶ
Ҷɵˡ
û뵽ţħڹϳ⡣
ⲻܹԹҰĻ֮ʼʱûоȴ뵽˴үϵĸҪһʱͻȫĲܵģүȻǺħ̥Ĵ֣֮κεħڵĻȻҲЧĶ˰

ٴεһһצʼ֣ҵĳҶץȥ

ڳ˴ԼٴεĽ֮Ҳ׵ı˺ˡ
һצ·̲ؼΪһ㣬סҶţħ
ֲҪʩչҶţԼˣǽδȴҲ˱ɰġ
ռ֮ѹơƿأ
ҶͷųޱߵĿռ֮
ռ֮ų֮е޵Уʱ䲻ﳼ
ˡ
ȻľӺˡ
ҪΧĿռ׵ķָһ㡣
˵Ͻ߰ɣĻȫġ
ţħԼĴ˵
죡
Ҷû˵
Լһȷʵǿ뿪ôʱ䣬Ҷţħ֮ɲǼ򵥵Ĺϵˣʱ뿪ĻҶȴԵġ
𡭡
ŭһצӰһһֳ
񣬴ѪϢ
źİϵĲɨﳼ̬η塣
ѹӵԼȥǰңһŻ֮ڲıȴҲǹ̽һ㣬˸޷ͻ

ٴεһεղŸӵĿɲ
žžžž
Ҷ嶼ʼѡ
һѪѪʼܷ䡣

ڵģʮиŬҶ򳹵׵ı
ⲢĿռ򲻹ǿ󣬶Ҷ㹻Ԧռ֮޷ӳԷ
ͺһɳĮ֮ӥͨ˶սһ
ɳĮ֮ӥǺܿ£ͨӵҲһͨˣڳǳĴڣûжЧ
Ҫ
оΧĻ֮ϵطڣҶжʱı
ôģʩչŰ˲ͼӻˣǻܹŰ˲ͼ㶨ˡ
ҶѾ¶˾ģһΣŰ˲ͼѾ޷ˡ
Ҷ켴ֵʱ̣ȻоԼһȣһ̣һâϳֳ


1609 ɱ
͡
һ⻪ҫ˼£ֱһС͵̫һ㣬ǿֲĹâ֮£һӰһš
ӰٶȿľˣҶ춯Լ֮۶ûа취Է
һӰĳ֣һƺǶʼ˸ı䡣
𡭡
ֳ
ֻһεĳ֮УĲȴһָı䡣
ͷ·һֻῴԼһ㣬ֺúͿɰϢ
ҲȣҲȣ
ţħӶĵɳʮڹԼ׷Ϣӣ̲סĶǽе
ˡ
һ֡
Ҷʱ˫ĿѾԼһâǴӺζˡ
Կף
һöɫʯŽ⼣Ȼ⼣߰ߣȴһֹϵϢϢبţڻߵʱڡ
Ҷ΢΢һȻ뵽һöɫʯǵħԼһöʯ
Ȼڶ֪һöʯʲôôڿĻƺѾڿʼԼˡ
һöʯһΣħ𣿡
ţħҲϳһöɫʯ
һöʯ֮Уȷʵڲʣ̲Ųϵһ˿ϢҲʹһɻ֮ʼϿҵĴڡ
ɢȥĻ֮Ҷﻺ˵
̵ΣүˣΪһλء
ţħ̲סĽе¶˷ŭɫ
ҶûĿѾģ
㻹˼˵Գ첻µز£ʳħһŻ֮Ϳʼήˡ
ţħʱԴС
˼ҲǵһΣû

ҶûЦһ
ھͽȥ
ţħҶ죬һ˫ţʵ
ѾĿڴ浽ʲôö
ܹ˾˵Ļ֮֮УȴҲԲһ
ǲȥ
Ҷ컺ؿ˵
ȥ
ţħĿɿڴĿҶ졣
·û뵽ڹϣȻѡ˷
ǵģȥ϶޾ıģһɣϻһЩȴҲ޷󵽵ıֻʱȥĻȴõʱ򣬼סˣһҪװɨӻʹĵھͽȥĻδһ£ߺߣңһиΪҪҪ
˵꣬Ҷת뿪
ʵҶҲΪԥ
Ͼһöɫʯ֤ĻԼȫĿԵõٵĺôġ
ҶӵǣһеĻ˵ûȵԼõٵıͻ棬ҪȥĻԼҪҵһõʱ뵽С
ʹһεĿǻʹ
ԶһΡĽҶһĨ⡣
͡
һâɿӹȥ
һѶ
ţħûֹһȴѡ˸ȥ
ʹǲʳһʳȻ൱Ļ
񳹣Ȫˮӿأޱȵʯɢɻ
֣Ƿ磬ҲǼֵ֮
ˣ
Ҷ춢һĽؿ˵
ĻӰƣȻӰ͸ղŵһŻ֮צȽϣĺܶ࣬ȴҲܹʹôӴĻ֮ˣֻһӡ
Ϊƿߣһ㶼ſµǣʹöԷԼı
ҶҲˡ
ϡ
һĦ֡
ڱĦ
ֻһеսʿֱֳصѲš
ȥңȴСĵĺܡ
һ
ǧǱһʧŲ٣ȴǷһĴ󣬾ȻֻԼڵصĵطǲսʿػȴûĵطػڸ߱ˣԼ޹űɡ
֮
Ҷһ˿⣬漴Ĵܵ˵¡
սʿֻһλʵڴ̫žĴػΪ⡣
ҶȴͶԷѡȻ롣
ٺ٣֪жٵı
ţħΪղŵ鹢ڻ˶ⱦڴԸӵŨ
͡
ԼǱʮ׵ʱ䣬ҶڵһԾ˳
͡
һĽݺ£ı
ˣ
Ҷһ㶣ȫû뵽˾ȻԶܹԼ
Ȼ򵥡
вɵóͷ
ֻһֱֳҶѹ
ˣ̤㣬ÿһε̤㶼ǳ˿˿˸Ȼһϵ󷨡
ߡ
Ҷһ֮۴Ź⻪
廯Ť

ҶһȭӶһˡ
Ľ˵֧飬һࡣ
ң
ԼĻȥһ㶣һ˴ŭſµĲǴ㳯洫š
ΧһжѾҶƿ֮Уռ֮˳Ʒ
һĲƣ·һһ㣬Ŀʼȥ
֮һеĿռ޲ȫƿ
ǿЧͼ󣬵ҶĿռ֮ȴûа취ȥơ
䡭
Ҷһȭһ˵Դ磬ɱڣ߲ħߵĿ衣
ɡ
һ˾ĺ
еı·ʻʢһȻ޵ȴɱɭȻϢ
ү
ţħӵ
һţ۷·ʵħɭȻϢħӿȵĻȥ
ɫħ˳ţǣٶȷɿ죬˲Ĵ̴һ˵壬ţħħڣţ̤һ£ħ͵ħɢһʱʣµļ̲ס
ɱһ
Ҷû˿ʴ֮ġ
һһ˵ľ޽ǿŽ֮ķâȻĻƵһȥѪɡ
ȺһҶȻ˿ʴ֮ġ
ɱԷԼҪù
衭
ţħħţ֮ŷǷħȥֻţӸͬӡݺݵӡ˶ֵϡ

֮УѪɡ

ţħţӷɫ
ٵĽԷľѪɵԼڡ
ʱ䣬ɵľѪȻȡĲ࣬ǻٳɶ࣬õҲܿ¡
ҿҵĿռ֮ӳֵ˼£ûôһڣԻ˵עġ
ҶûĿ˷ܵļһ̲ס˵
ٺ٣ҲûпƺãЩһĻǾ͵ùˡ
һɰĹԻĴһͷų
ĹԴʥϢиһĲ
ţħ̲סĶϢᡣ
ʱϷսĲž죬һĺâ˸ħȻ˼֡
ʲôö
ţħţùԲ̲ס˵
Ҷ΢΢һһȥ¶һ˿Ц⣺
ƺһҲ


1610 ʳء谭
¸¸£öүħȻֻ˼ڣͿٵǿ֣֮Ҫֲöö
ţħŵĴЦ
ҶҲһ˿˿Ц⡣
ֻԶĵطâ˸˿˿ӿıŷ·һŵһΡ
Ǹطһ֮أйյĺۼһĹơ
ӵ޹ط˵ĲۣȻǲӵطһ㹻ĿԿӶӳ̶ȡ
ţħţķһǣҪȥĺۼ൱ѡ
ߣȥ
Ҷٵķȥ
ʱʱǽȣҶ첻֪Χ׾ۼ˶ٵ£Ҳ֪һʲôʱˣҪŵʱ֮УԼҪһбȫߡ
ɽ
Ȫ
֣
һС
Ҷ޷ŵĿȫû뵽ﾹȻԳһһ㣬ȻĿռֻȵļʮܹﳹ׵Ŀٳӵ޹֮ڣ㹻Ŀĳ֮˵ʵǺεȵĿֲ
һռ䣬̫һӵ˶ǿӱǵʵҪֲȻҲɵģҪٳҽγ̶ȣӶ͵Ű˲ͼûȫγһ̶ˣȻ㣬ȴҲǽӽˣܹһģֻǲˡ
뵽˹ڲʵĴţҶҲݺݵ֣ǺܿģϲҶεƿǾؿ
֮أȻֻһ׵ĻҶΪĺ档
ʵͨ죬ҶȴҲΪⲻʻеĵۣѡ񿪱һռϢ֮á
߲֮ɫϼϿתϢҶţħᵽϢӽӵŨѡ
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ʲô˵Ҳɼʳ֮
ͻȻһŭ𴫵ݳ
ĳ֣һ͵ҲѸٵıŷ
ǵ£̵̣ͬһһ㣬ţħն

ţħһǺܿһֱţ֮Ѿ¶˿˿â
ղ൱ƣֱ˴˲ɼҩĻᣬеɱȻ󵽵ġ
ϡ
һ󼱴ٵĽŲ֡
ŽĦѸٵķɱ£˵񣬷Ŷ
衭
ţħŭһ
һ־޴ĺɫ£ͬһֲУĦſռ䣬ҵĳ
ү
ŭ֮˷Ԫھۼ˳Ԫʹţħˮһ㣬ʩչľҲ쳣
䡭
һǿı֣ʱһ񵶰ľĴ顣
ţħˣ̤һƬգγƬɫħƣ壬ǷɧһӰȥ
̵Σүˡ
ͬһ޴Ŀһ㣬ס˳ֵһӰӡ
䡱
ţħľ糱ɢ˿˿ǳǳĲҶġ߱ħ
ţħǿĺܣƾѾӴǱȻҴһ㣬һ˿ǳԼħ
ǳ֮ޱȣ̫֮Ƶ֮ҲС˰ѡ
ϣ䣡
һ޴ײȻĴ˳ԭΪ㶨Ҷ죬΢΢һ

ţħҲ¶һĨȵɫ
ֻһλ
ϴ˿˿ĹâƯ棬ϵĹâ·Ǵһ޷Ĳ㲨Եøء
һаĴţöԷԴ֮⣬޲
Ȼû˿˺
ţħ̲סĽ
ղŵʩչ˰˳ɵ潻Ļܹġ
˿˿Ĺâ˸һ֮ˣͬһֻһ㣬޷ȴҲ֪˵ΪĲˡ
ǸסĻɫͿԱֳһ㡣
һв򵥡
Ҷ˫Ŀ𣬿ŶԷؿ˵
ôĵӣȻҲΪ˿̽ʳġ
˵˵
·Ľ໥Ħһ㣬̲סĲһļƤ
ȥ
Ҷû˵ֻǽԼĿ⳯ŶԷϿȥ
һļпȥۣȴҶһѹȸУѹȸ൱ĺأ·ԷϴĲһУһɽһ㡣
үȥԣ
ţħĵ˵

ţһŷâռ֮У·麮һ㣬˼ٵ
ߺߣûõģһû˿ԴƵģˣû˿Դ
˵֮УԵ൱⡣
үƫƫĲţ
ţħӿɲ
䡱
ֻɫţ಻ͷųĹâʮأΨһĽȴڶԷǰ
ţħϵ㣬ˣǴ̫žͬǿҲȥ׵ĽӴġ

ͬǻӴһ㣬ڶԷǰȻͷų˿˿ƣЩߣȻĲٵ
䡭
ţħֱӱ˳ȥ
ݣ
ţħٴεŭ
Ȼһ˵סˣֻһˣıסĻһΰһˣ
ĻεȵĲġ
ȥɡ
ϵĻ·Ǵһ㣬ޱߵ𶯡
ţħţӻӶ㹻ĺһ̫ħɽһˣһɽᱻ飬һɽҲᱻѵġ

ٴγ֣ԷϾȻ˷ĲǵĽɢıٴη룬һʱ䣬ţħʩչ·ùһ㣬û˿á
ôܣ
ţħţùԲ޷ŵĿŶԷ
һȴҲ
ǲǵһҲһˣܹ˵Ǻǿ󣬵ǲɵǣңûκεһܹ
Ǵ̶ٴγ֡
ֵˡ
͡
ɫħâ˸
ԷȻҲħ
ôܣҵ
ҶԣԺ֮жʱһĨɡ

ٵ߿ţħ壬һȭӶȥ
Ҳû˿õģȥɣȥɣ²ʵ˶
˷·ܵĪĴ̼һ㣬ŭ
ȭĺۼȻݻħӰ
ǿδء
Ҷһ˿⣬ٵĻȭ
ۣ֮֮
䡭
ߵŷ˾ȻҶһȭ˳ȥ


1611 

ҶٴεĻȭǹŹֵ鷢ˣһﾹȻҶһȭٴεĴɣѪʣմȾǺɫļ档
Ȼ޷ԷݣһƵ˫Ŀ֮ȴ¶˾ɫ
ô£
ţħţۣ
һļ⣬һ׼Ƽӳ֣Ȼ֪ӡ˺εͨȴԼȡֵȻҴҲ˵ʵȴڰļУһͨ޴ϣڲ֮أĴǿߣʵﵽͨ쳹صĳ̶ȣĻûа취ķ

ţħ˵
Ҷ˫ĿϣŶԷ¶˿˿ĹЦ
ǰҿûʩչԼֻǶ

Ҷƥ亱ǵԼΪ֮ա
Ū˰죬Ȼֻһֻֽϻ
ţħһֲˬϢ
࡭
Ҷ˵ͷ
䡱
ٴεĻȭ
֮
Է׵ס֮֮£Է޷޷ȥʩչκεֻܹͨҶһȭſɲĺɱԼԴϡ

ʱ谭ڵ
Ҫɱҡ
ۡ
ѪŰɫԽɽ˳ȥ
Ҷ첻һ˿Ļģֱӷϵ˶Է
Ѱ֮ˣǴ̫žǿҲᱻԷģһ̫ˣҶµ
ɡ
ĺȵ
̫ĹˣҶҪõϢ
͡
һ걻Ҷȥ
ʱԴԴϵϢҶɵԼԺ֮С
ʳأȻ֮
ҶûйţħٵĿ
ιιιôżɡ
ţħҶһĵĽе
б
Ҷûзϻȴ·ԵĴҩһ㣬˲Ľţħĺĸ
һʵֻдͨΪȴעһֿµҩҩάϵǧʱ䣬ӭʳƿߡ
ԹӴǧʱŴﵽͨΪС
ţħƲƲ˵
ҪñػΪµǿεؿƣĻΪһﻹȥֻǾǵҲ֪һ֮޷ɳҲΪһζҩҩΪ߲ʱԴľһֺҩҵҲҪҩ߲ʱԴľάϵĹȴĳɳҲ뵽ڲǰһѾʼɳˣҿʱ򣬷û㣬һҪʼɨҩˡ
ҶƲƲ͵˵
Ϊļʱ»ֲɨء
ɽΧƣֵľʯҪѰıأڶʱ֮ڿ൱ѵġ
Ҷ켳ȡ˴˵꣬һ·ϵջķᡣ
һīɫֲһȻӭ裬صķģϵķǽɫĹâˮһţһֻõĸо
ī񣬺ī絹ѵá
Ҷ췢һ̾һ̣ûеȵ֣ţħѾһڽīʳȥ漴ȫûпҶ۵˵
ζһ
һīѾ˽ɫĻƣߵȼīˣݡ
Ҷû˵
ҺҩҶ쵹Ҳôۡ
Ȼҵһ֮
Ҷǿĵ˵
֮ҲҪϡ
ʮ׹쳯ݡ
һööҩһʱҶţħҪˡ
Ȼһļ֮УҶѾ֪ı٣ǵĿ֮ȴһָоˡ
ָоˬ
䡱
Ҷѭżһɽͷ˲䣬һɰȻĴ
֮ǣϼǧǺӹʣγһ̬
ǡ
ţħ¸ͣ·޷ԼǰΡ
һƬӣףʮס
СоȻһζε
Щӡںһ໥Ťɵġ
˵ĳ̶ȣ㹻Ŀĳеﵽһεȵĳ̶ȡ
ʯˣ׵ʯˡ
ţħһĲֱ֮
ĹӲһţԽԽҪۿ֮бĳһţ˵ĺɫ֪ĻΪһǿһֻСĸţء
ҶʱҲòȥԪѰĵطŨǧһǧĳ̶ȰɲǼ򵥵֡
һ׳գΪżģοӡ
ѹһｫصôأȫΪԼı
ǲʳ𣿡
Ҷ૵ĵ
ʱţħȴû˵һóȥ
ͨ
ˮ䣬ţħѾѾʹʹĿʼ泩
ﰡ
뵽ҲÿóϰٽãڿţħѾľȻϴҶǶ̲סĶ
ԭҪҩģڿǲõĺã뵽ﱻţħѾϴˣҶôĶҲԲѡ
ͨ
ûѡ֮£ҶҲһԾһƬСС
Ҫ
ţħĲҽ
ҶţħǼˣֱһ޵׵ĺڶʲôĲƷԻᱻɵĸɸɾ
ȻҶ˲ʳ֮һɹɵŨ·ǸоҶڵ֮һ㣬ѸٵĿʼϿʼȥ

﷢һ
ֳĸоҶ̲סķ̾
ڵرҲ漴Ҷĺʼȡ
ľɢһӰ
һɫľ
Ҷ漴ļȡԪչֳԼһɫ磬չ֮ϣԵĿԿһ˸
һ߰Ҷת;ѧת׷׵ӿֻת˲ѣҶΧѾγһ޴С
ҲҪ
ţħţ֮дű֮ɫĽе
ֻʱҶǲȥںѾί
ԭҩĲʳأȫǱһ۵ġ
Һȡ
ţħǳ׵ĲҪˡ
ʹ󿪣
ⲻʳص൱ĿֲǲãѪ衢ǵȵȵıӶѻҩһζʹ۵ĺܡ
֪ҶţħһȻ˵ı»˲Ļġ
䡱
ѻһҶľžٴεļת£Ҷʼ
ھĲ
Ҷɫһľϲ
첻𾳾Ϊпܽڲʳصȶĳɾ̫ŵľصġ


1612 
ˮ
ⲻʳȻҺ壬ȴˮ൱Ľӽ
ⲻʳ֮нݣоͲҶ˫ĿҲʼرպ
أģѨעУһܣ缦ѣ飬ȣ롭
һζεĿھҶԺ֮
һοھһżȻֻһȴҶεذסˡ
˫Ŀ۹۱ǣǹģٵеĵ
廯ڴˣϵۻγɣſ
ۻɷʥ壬بź
е㹻ĳκһ˵ڵҶ춼Ժʹ̫žǿӲӲǵɱǽĲɱҶֹʥԻˣɴ˿ɼĿ³̶ȡ
˿˿â֡
һӰɡ
ȿȿȡ
ڿţħͻȻȵǺˡ
ǿޣŲʳҲСȥʩչģӱҲһڿڵȥΪɵĳ̫ǿˡ
ʱţħԼñ
˴Ĳʳ֮ˮվķγɿʼš
Ϣһˡ
оԼڣǽҪƵţħε˵
Ҷ֪ܵŲʳص̬ǲ֪ӣ̲סҪһҧ˵ĳ嶯
䡱
ҶڱɵĽ⣡
⽣ͬһ񽣣󲻶ϡ
һ˫Ŀ͵˿˿֮һϵǱܡ
ӡȭ
ڵԽԽֲһȴڲϵֿסҪͻƵĸҪͻƵ첻𾳾ľ磬ϼѣڵϣҶ˳ȭ
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ΧѪȵϢԼǰӳȥʵѪ֮εȵŨǲ֫׹ǣѻɽӸӵԣʵ֮һ㡣
ֻأѣǳɽӱ
ߵһһ֮ǳߵΧȻĻΪ촷ۡ
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ײеĻɷ֮ľٴεĽǲ֮еǳ顣
һšԵ޾塢
ȻȥֻжʮһӣһԻĿ֮УȴŲϺϢ
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һѪɫ죬ȻѲȴһֳϢ
ߡ
ŶԷĳ֣һȴû˿ĺ¡
෴һԾԾԵļ˷ܡ
˿ȥģҪһЩȴҲʮѡ
һۣ˸ޱߣޣεĲ˸
ۻȭ
𡭡
һӡγɣĴ߶֮£Ȼʮ谭
ߵֱ֮ͬһ㣬˿
ÿµľ硭
Ҷ
һӰγɵҶѾȥˣڵֻڽĿߵĶս
ʩչۻȭ֮ˣҶѾ϶Ӧǲʱɣֻ֮ˣҶȴ֪Էݣļ֮УҲûжԷκμء
ꡱ
һѵ֡
ʩչȭ֮ˣȻĴˡ
͡
ռҵţ˵ÿһѪ·̲һ磬һһ֮䣬Ѿȡٴʩչһոµγɡ
ɷɣ㲻ǱʵĶ֡
ʵﻺؿ˵
ӿɲôΪң㲻ʣһαļһˣ֮ˣϵķϣܹģмˣ˵ĿɵǺðأֵܼмԼĴڵģ㻹Ȱٴε㣿
ʵɫһĲȴȻĺ
ѵ˵Ը⿴ԼȥѾǧİһʮΣڽ˱ĳ̶ȣ㻹ҪʹҼսȥ𣿡
磿
Ҷһ
ⲻʾȻǶԷĴ磿
ƨĴ磡
ɷֱӵĿŭ
絹ǺܶҶθڡ
İԼֵƣĽֱӵֵһĲкϵķϣµˣܹмʮ߸ֵܰʮ߸ֵܣҲʸ˵ӵĴ磿
ƺԽ˵Խ⻢ɷȭͷٴεк˹ȥ
Ҷ˫Ŀǻɷϸ˵ǿŻɷȭ
ȭһȭİӡȭǽӽҶио⻢ɷһ֣˵൱ظ飬û˵Ǳһžȭ˿ĲڲʵĴۻȭ
ʱ򶨵ĻɷȥϻˣֻǲϻӶԼȭͷԼľȭ쾡£ÿһεĻȭȻҶһֻӶĸоһƬݼŵ濪ʼ
һζαĺۼʼγɣֳĺɫѨ
Ҷ˫Ŀ֮ƴתͼץסԷһȭ
ӡȭƥһžȭҲȫĿԼʵٴε
Ҳ֪⻹⣬ҶǸоԷƺ֪Լ뷨һ㣬ȻͷβĽһȭԼһ飬Ҵ൱ϸҪ˵Ҷϳˣϻޱȣû֮İҶҲһȭ
𡭡
׻
׻ɱɷˡ
ԷһȭҶİӡȭƣȴһĲͬıɱɷ졣
Ҷսӡ±룬Ȼ൱ס
ɷһʱ䣬ҶʩչڵȻһţħһţȴ¶˾ɫ
һôͻȻôɷ
׻ɱһ޴İ׻
֮׷ϣһϵ
ȴ໥ںϴٽȻ˺谭նڡ顯졣

ҶŭһǰһоȻһѣҶȴǿǻɷ¶һĨЦ⡣
䡱
ޱߵĳȥ
ҶϣһɺĲʼʡ
첻𾳾졪ɣ


1613 ౦ĵ

£Ҳ֪˾ȭԵʣΪԭҶĽ֮ƺĿʼǾȭʼںϣȥȭ֮У˿˿Ľâ
ޱߵɷͿֲĽâ
ֲĺܡ
죬첻𾳾ڴﵽˣϧͻ̫žʱܵԼ·һصѹƣһ˿ĿԶûУҪͻƵ̫žҪֻˣƳܹڵ
Ҷε˵
뵽һľ֮⾻ȭĳ֣ҶƾȻٴεΣﵽʮƵľ磬⵹һϢ
ƵѣҶѾʼԽڴȵһٶѣٶȫƶѵʱǿıܹﵽһֺεȵĳ̶ȣҶ޷󣬵ȴΪڴ
ҵĲʳذ
һĲҽͻȻ
ֻţħǷ·һĲҽвϡ
ѾɺԵĲʳأǽһư
ԭҪȥɵ㲻ʳصȴû뵽һգ۵ʱѣⲻʳؾ͸ɺԵˡ
εܹܡ
Ҷ졭Һƴˣ
ţħ
Ѿȴ֪Ҷı£Ȼ˵Ҷľ̫Զ̫Զʵսԣţħȴûκεİա
̥̥ʺŮ
ţħݺݵ
˰ɣȵ´лᣬϡ
ҶЦ˵
һεջĺܴ
ⲻʳ֮еճֻãֻϴĻЧɴļСˣܹʩչЧɡ
ս»ڳǺǡ
ҶﵭЦ
һεսȷе˵ģҶҲԼĲ²⵽
ⲻʳʵȫԵеè壬ȴûѡˣ෴ѡսǽʹıС
ֻһСֻҪؼҿֻҪع鵽Լ磬ܹԼİһֻȥѰҵԼİˣɱ¾ҪģȴһδεıΣҪɱֹɱҶ죬û˿ѡֻܹɱ
뵽ԼǶμ䣬Ҷи˵
𡭡
ţħţνڵҲϧ֮еԵţħѾİŰ˲ͼ֮С
ɱɷŹ㿴Ǻĺڰԣԭһֺɫħٺٺ٣˵ɫħȥʩչһʱõĺôԲٵġ
ҶĿΧ
ʱΧѾȫǿӿݵӡ
һӣһζﵽǧ׵ĳ̶ȣһѾѵ
ȻҲţħѾ˳
Ҷţ֪Լϳ˸ˣ˵ûûѪذɡ
Ҷû˿Ĺϵ
ѵõһΣҶɲôŹĴûᡣ
ȥʹ
Ҷֺȵ
á
ţħ̵ƷζһڰԵħ
ϵ¶ܵӡ
иõĶ٣ǲŹġ
͡
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ţħһ㶣ǺܿȴҲҶ˼

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նɱˣѪͲ֫ĵǣȴޱȵĹ࣬Ե˴ɨˡ
͡
â˸һӰĳֳ
󵨿ͽȻҲʹ
öԲ춯
Ȼ
ҶȻ岻ܣһֻſ
̣
ָʩչ񽣴ģ̴ա

Ӵ
ָ˶ԷҿٵĽ飬ֲľ֮¶
Ҷʵ뵽һµľ磬Ȼӿֲ
Ȼֻɵһָȴų󵽵

Էƨŵأݺݵˤ
ʹ
ԷԼƨɣ̧һСĿҶ죬ǾµСϴʹı飬һɫĴ۾顣
ҲʮѣһСˡ
̬Ҷһľ㵣
һѵӵӣҲ̫С˰ɡ
ÿɰСﰡ
ţħˢһӷɱ˹ȥĶСе
ðСû°ɣ
Ȼǻ֮൱ĹģκΣһţ֮ȴޱȵĹâӷҶǰйС̬
ȻĻһ㣬ǿһڷ֮УֻҪǺúõĵ̣һԳΪһ͵ŮʱƺǿԸӰ
ţħ૵ĵ
ǿСһںŵڷĸ̾
õģĲһأء
û뵽СѾͷһ͵Բü˫ֲĶţħ

Ҷ조
һδ˥ĹŹּһ߸һͷ֪㡢ٸԼű̬ȺõɫţҶɡ
СһҶ쿴˹ȥ
Ҷʱŷ֣ԷǴɫǴ󲿷ִűɫ·ִɫ໥ںϵʯһ㣬ĺܡ
ʶ𣿡
ҶüͷȻȻСһΪĿɰҶȴҴ⡣
ţħҲԼı飬Сʼ䱸
ҶڰһֱҶܹ֪ҶֵˣڰԵûУԷֵ֪ġ
Ǹʦҵġ
С︧Լ΢ƨɣݺݵĵҶ˵
ʦ𣿡
Ҷٴεˡ
ԼϤˣƺûмܹʸյӰɣ
ʦǸŸӡ
Ÿӣ
Ҷһ̲סĹŹޱȵĿС
˵ǡ౦
˵Ժ֮Ҳ漴˶౦Ӱ
Цݣ˸ֵıǱ

СƺǻΪղŵŭ˲ǺҶ졣
ǵҶʱһȴȻùԲ
ŨıϵײŶٵıԣмɱĲѼ䱦ҪŨ
һð̬Ҷ̲סһߡ
СѾͷ౦Ҫİƣ̬Լμ౦ʱ򣬷һģһġ
һʦͽ
Ҷε֣ҶҲκεĻ֮ˡ
ʦأ
Ҷٴε˵
˭֪ڱڵĹŰɡ
ţħϴһ£ôұҵ˱˼ҵĹˣֶξԲܹóġ
뵽Լ㹴С򣬴ٳԼɼƻ
˲䣬ƻţħڵĸǳˡ
Ӹ˵㣬͸һ䣬ҪˣҪҪһ


1614 ɱ¾
СһһӣȫȻûеӵֳݣ𾴵ûУҶ̲סŹޱȵĿһۣʵ
Ƕ౦ʦ𣿡
Сǣû˵
ϻѵʦ𲻳ɣӣҹϸߴƭһӮҵΣÿÿ뵽ЩоΪĺڰ
ı
Ҷţħ̶ȣƽˮ֮ȴ̲סһ
ԹӴıɲĴײˣҶͲǵĲˣ˽һµĲΡ
ıǺޱȵˡ
Ҷûм౦ĵԸ񣬾ȻһıƭѾǴѪˣĳСһȻǱԼʦʵء
˵౦Ҫˣ
뵽˸ղСĻҶøӹŹ
ǰһô˵ġĻҸһǰ׼ġ
˵СһԺÿüë΢΢ƺΪϲ˼ĵĸо
౦ϼһﲻǿС˰ɣ
Ҷ첻޶
౦ĻҲǰԷС
Ȼ౦Ϊ˺ȴһ˵ջļһԷܹԼȻ˵ˣһεĳӦò򵥰
Ҷüͷ΢΢һԺ֮е˼ǧܿȴע⵽˶ԷⱦĲ
һΣƺɨ˲ٰ
ŮСӣҰЦԼʮָֻʮöӵĽӣ
ǱģСС֣ȻĲֶܿأһжҿһ飬̫רҵˣȻЩʬôţǴĲԣǵˣӺõĺܣһᵽѪ֮ͻ֣Һҳ֣Ž֮˸סˣĻͱˡ
˵ʱССС̲ס¶һĨ֮ɫҶ죬֮нҶʵ
㲻ǿϵı˰ɣ
һĿԵĽıȫɨˡ
˵̰ƣֶôġ¡ҶʲôɣȴҲ϶౦Сʦ
һŮӼңַСС仹ûмܹ¡

ҶıһŶԷ¶һǷɫ½ǣǳ˵
òƣǿϵһء
ɱڣ
յӹȥˡ
յʱ˵˵Ҳ̣Ƕ̶̵İ·̣ʳҲֻǹųǵľ롣
ӵɫԽ
һƬɱ¾֮ϵӿţսǵֶξˣҵȴҲǳصģôʱ䣬ǵĵֿûͣЪԽĿֲ
̫žǿѾʼˡ
̫žﵽ֮󣬱һϵĸı䡣
һ뵽磬Թͨب֮ȥһһʽǳ˿ȥ󵽵ġ
һǽϱƿˡ
ֵǿѾʮˡ
һűȰӿµ򣬳ôǿߣѾԿǿܺˡ
ɱ
һλҵǿߣֳìҵĴ̴һλϵսϵŷĲĴһǣȻһ޴ĲˣһͣԼеì׵Ķȥ
䡱ڶγһ˼Ĳƣ㲨չΪĺۼ

ԷȻǳӵ˳ȥġ
оԷȻӣһλȻŭһһֱֻ۷˺ѵȻĳȭһȭɱݼŵ涼΢΢Ĳ

һȭͳ˲˺
ռͷ·Ǳһȭþֹһ㣬Ҫһеεѹ
ڶ桢⡢ħӰֳһȭ·̲ȴһֹϵĲ
һλһλ֮ˣѾبŵ£ʵͨ죬Ѱ֮պĳ֣ӵٻġ
ʩչһȭҲǴΪȭΪ֮⡣

Էȭǳ֮˶ʱһĲҽ
ɡ
Ļﴫ
ۡ
ѪɣԷ֧飬漴ɳʮ仯ΪһƬѵѪƬ
ȭȭƺԽԽˣһȭɱȥԼ
ӵ˵
֮ȴûжٵء
лӵĸµȭڲǰ뵽һµĲΣ֡
Է֮дŹ̬Ȼޱȵ𾴡
𣿡
ӵĵ˵ͷ
ӣ㵱ҪҲɣ
һֳһɫĴ󹭣£̴һλ󽫵ŭ
ߡǲҪһҲаֻҪǺҺЧңҲǸϾɱ֮ˡ
ӵǵȻһιս֮ϣϿյսͷųԼӴÿһεɱڳԼĶ緢Ĳ
ƨ
ⲻǱĳΪԷū
ƣսӵܣȴҲ¶һĨŭͳӵ
ߡյʱ䣬ųǣȻųǲ٣ڵվͿԹȫĹųǣҳ׵ĴӰʧ
ӵ֮дһֿµ棬·ڸŶԷԼʵ
㡭
ӵİԵʱ˶Էһŭޣȴ޿κΡ
ǿھ֮У˭ȭͷ˭ߡ
һ˭Ҳ޷ı顣
̵ĴЩ谭ʵҪٵкεȵĵӣȻҺҽа塣
ֱۻӶȵ
ǣ
Ⱥս

ӳ裬վڹϵ֮ϣ࣬ƽķ׶âԲ֮£һԻĿ֮ͷųͬǳʵһ㣬ʮľ룬Ѫȼ²ϣƻӶһһǳ
ɱ
ս⣬ʱı
ĻߣһֵۻʵϣƻӶ֮£Ȼһֳ޷ĿֲϢ
ɱ
ɱ¾𣬾Ȼ۳һ貵
ŻҰ֮ɫ޷ڸǵɷٲȻһɱⳤһ㣬ʳ
Ļ쵰Ϊ𣿡
һλӷ
Ŀ࣬ݿϴŷŭ֮ɫһŭսһ㣬ֳһı߳
ҵĴʨȻһֻµʨӣȴͽʨӵӢȴûʨӵֵʶ
Ӳм˵

һλϵȻ֡
ƺǴĺ֮꣬վӵ£޷ȥע⵽ǵ֮ʱһȴĳ


1615 
䡱
֮ͬɽ緢âͷų
һλϵͻأչ·һĳһ㣬̵Ĺ⻪Զǡ
һ˫Ŀԭޱȣȴıޱ峺
ϼתʩչΪӴ

һ֣ȴ̲˵ĶʼΪ֮
ɰ
ҵǿǷ׷׵ĺ
һж
ǹϵ¶Цݡ
ƻʥǵһ㣬ֻһжѣȴѾײеӡǣһУٶȵţ
䡱
հٵľۼС
ۡ
ֻӵһıԷѾһȭΪࡣ
Ȼӵʵ飬ǹһѾ׷ϵ˶ԷεǿεȴҲҲûᡣ

ĲҽݵĺԶһŭӴĲ˺ķĵˣһֹĲг֣һֲתγʮԲֵ̬
ߣ
һսŭһһϵûһ޴ɽһɽȭͷСӭǣ׳޼ޣѹʮλҵӡ
ȻҲһλ̫žǿߡ
͡
޴񱩵ѹȥǻûʩչԴʮԲ־Ȼɢ֮⣬֮һеȫˡ
ȻԪ֮⡭һﵹǻԵС
ڹϵ֮ϣžƺ«žƣϴŷǷϢ趯˵Ʈݣ̬˵ˣսɽˮԼҵĵۻϣȻ˲ٴеο
ҵһλŵӣȻţȴһֱҵĴ缺һҵĴˣȻҲ¶Էзߺޱȣ˵ҵĴʵһĶӣֻǲ֪Ƿè塣
һ˺Ǻ˵
Ԫ֮⣬κεı˴ɾ磬㹻вʥףߣһϰʱҲһв
ķԼеľƺ«˵һĿ˿˿ɷ

ﵭһ֡
Уȴ·ʥּһ㣬һһâͻأĳ֣˲˶Էǰ
͡
ǿԭڿ񱼵˲ըγѪ⡣
ѹ
֣λսʩչͨٵ¡һѹȥݺݵؽԷ׵ѹΪޡ
ս
Ѫڣ˫Ŀâͷųʮľ룬ͬµʥ֮һ㣬ϣѪӿȻγһצ
ɱ
սٴεӿ
͡
ٴεĽ֮Уʥ׿ʼ
Ϊǿ֮һˡ
ÿһʥ׵ĵȼͣԦ֮˵ʵڶʢ֮С
͡
Ѫɺ磬ҽٴεĳ֡
ʥ׾ͷ·˼αһ㣬ʩչ֮У㹻ǿߺޱȡ
ƺǴƴˡ
ӵ˵
ǺǵȽϣԷǲ̫̫ˡ
һλϵԼǵ˫Ŀؿ˵
ҲΪģԷֶΣ̫ˣʥǴǲʳģǿģ³ȴҲûκεİ취ȥʩչΪǿģǼʶһΪǿ
ǡ
һλսĺᣬȻĻӶԼ˫ۣȵ

䡭
޴ʹ˳֡
ǧƵǿӰʼ˵ǰ
ңң֮⣬һĿǰĻʯĻֳһµսսǲʳҡ
һλķ֮ɫָϷž̬֮Ĳ㹻͹ԳڵǺεȵѿ
˲Ǳˣҵļ١
ʥףǼ֮ΪǿˣǲʳΣʥ׵ǰ޵ǿѾԱˣǿޣǵʥҲ޵ġ
һλҵĳϻؿ˵
ϧӾȻҲ
һεĿ˵
û˵ϵıȴø
ʳӣҪΪ˸۵ģЩǣǾȻңһ֪ԼѡǺεȵĴ󡣡
䡭
ȻʯĻϵٴһ䡣
һµľӰʼֳ
ӣ޴壬ӴƣޱߵѪĲһԶԲп˫Ŀ
⾹ȻһħģǵϴŽĹǺʥһ޶ҲǽĲ
ʲô
ٵ̲סĺ
ϴ޷ŵɫһ׳գȴҲԸоǿµļһ۵жôĿֲ
ĳɹˣ
һλĳ޷ŵĿĻĽе޲Ǵؾ
ʲô
ʥޡ
ӷȵ
ɱ
䡭
޴ݳ
ʥ޵ļԦ֮£·ǳͻһ㣬֮޲顣

һλ̫žǿߣԦһʥףŭķ̤գԼ˿˿âƿһ׳ľ޸һնȥ

ʥ޵βͿ裬Ǵų̵Ľβ;ȻԷĴ˳ȥʥ˿ĿܶûУ㱻ֱӷϵ
ôܣ
ɺϰɡ
Ǿ㵵֮Уǧʥڿն֮һ˿Եֿ
Ӵ徹ȻٶȺֶΣǾԼ޷󵽵ľ˷ҵĵдʹ
ʥޣǴ˵֮УǲʵҪоռʥ׸ӵĿ£ٶħ죬û֪ǵ㣬Ǿڵǹϵս֮УʥҲûбоҲܣΪʲôΪʲôӣ
ҵĳǣ̲סĲе
һ˿ѾĿɿڴ̲סĽе
ɣҪļҵѪܹõǾӱɱ
ĻϣһʥͬǱնɱݽһɱ¾ɾǵڵѪ
Щǿǣĵط޲һǿߣѹķΪкܶ඼һǿߣžͿʱȴû˿ķᣬֱӵıɱҪٵĶҪˡ
¡¡
޴ٴεĳ֡
սսͷܡٵĴâʥ˺ѲϵսǣϻԼͨµ룬Ȼڶ̶̵һӵʱ㵽ˡ
ļųǣӵ¶һĨ⣺
û˿Ҳʳǹ壬Ҳûʸ񡭡
ɱ˲ͷӣ㲻ǳҪռҶѣȻˣôķϻ
ٵݳһ޷ڸǵĺ⡣
ܺãȻҪҾͳȫ㣬ʥ׼
һ˵
ͻȻڴʱһâ֡
һöӰʯ
ӵüͷ΢΢漴һ⴫Ӱʯ˲䣬һſȴ¶޷ڸǵŭ
زʹ


1616 Թģ
ӣѾҪˣ
һλ̲ס˵
ߡ
ҧгݵĺ
ǡ
ˣϴ˿˿ɷ̬·Ҫˣ̬ӣܻı֣һ׳Ҳ֪ʱԵĲҪӡ
ˣ
ӵĴ뿪ҵ̲ס¶˹Źֵɫ
ٸˡ
ʧԼĶӣʧҾӢȴĹͷ뿪ˣ
ϳ
Ϊʲô뿪ѵ˵ӳˣ
˹ŹֵȻ޷뵽ġ
ʹ
䡱
һֲı֡
ӵľ񱩣֮Ȼ˺һλսʿһ˿˿ĳȡ
Ļ쵰Ļ쵰
˲ʹȻԼĲʳؾʧˣʧǸɺԵ̬Ǳ˸ˡ
ǲʳذبŵʱڣԼڲʿٳһеĸҩΪµⲻʳصЧѪ衢ǵȵȵĺ䡣
ǸҲǺ֮ǲʷѾ˼òѰĲϣƽСģôʱˣҲõ֮һӡ
ڣȻһ㲻ʣǸɺԵӣӶҪˡ
˭˭˵ĵҲʹ֮з
ӵҧгݵĺ
ʳصúͼֵ޷лأһδԼĹ壬ȴҲûð취һεʧ١
ӡһλʹ֮Уʧ䱦ҡҡ
һ˵ƺǲȥ˵ȥ
˵ʲô
ӵĻĿԲ˿˿ɷ
ңλΡ䱦ʯȹ۶ˡ
ݣ̫ˣôǴ㽫ʹڵ
Ҳ飬׵Ĳ飡
ٴεķһ֮
ſµһƬޣÿʼγһ޴ĺɫѨ
ӿһսյʱѣǾյʱ䣬ȴ𵴡
ʥޣǺεȵĿֲ
鷳ˣѵҪٴεıǲʳƿɣ
ߣʳʲôǶԷεĿ£ӴʵĹҲ˵ģʵҲСⲻʳʥޣ˭ܹ֤ûһֶΣ
ǰһ֮أ²ŽǲʵͳθƣεܹٴεͳΡ
ߣֲǰ׳գԷҪĻƱػһ׼ģҿһҪˣҾһӡ
ְһѾҵĴӪˣΪʲôȴڹؼʱѡˡ
ӿ֮УλҲڲϵš
ͻȻʱȻٴεıһϢ
мһϵľ˹ǿߵĿ֤ب֮ֵǷ
мʮʵǿ߿֤ʵȷʵƷʵ´ɣÿһöҪƳɹҪٰʱ䣬ҴǲƣѪΡԼĹϴҩһγɵģÿһöǼֵǰ
۱ƿ
žžž
ӵָķޱȡ
µĲʱҪŭˣʲôʱʼΪľҲﵽһˮ֣²ĵز
ӴƹʣԼϵľҲʼ޼޵Ŀ¾أͲ֪ͷŭǺ
ڣҪץˡ
裬âʮϣǳһ㣬֮γ񽣣п֮ˣ޲оԼ˫ĿĴʹ
Ļ쵰
ʥѪȼգӷŭĺ
Ҫˡ
֮Լʹӵ֮
ʡӡ²ˡ
һ󼱴ٵĽŲʱӸоԼԴһ죬Ҫըˡ
Ѿˣѵܹҵ
ŹڵϵĽ죬ǿһԼеŭѹؿ˵
ʲô£
ǽݺݵһڿˮŽҪӣٴεĸܵԷγɵʵԵĲڵС˵
Уڡһۣʮ¡ǡλ֮
ۡ
ӵһ֮ϵɫתڣٴӺת죬һѪ˳
˼¡
˼°
衢޳ܡ
뷨ӵԺ֮С
õͳ֮УΪ͸߹ѪͳǹǿߣҲûѪͳκεһ˶޷Աȡ
ڣôʲô飿
£
ڴԹĴ
һ̫ˣݵ˼¡
Ժӵδ棿
Щ£ڽڼñӣ
Ҳ갡
ӵŭռ䣬ʹϿ˲ĳֳһŭı֡


1617 
򣬾ô
˵Ǻܴ󣬵ΪһųΧ˾ٴһʲô·Ҳ˵עġ
ӿһɴ¼տʼݳ
ӾҪɱҵʱ򣬾Ȼѡ뿪
ϧ뿪Ļ´ҪȥĻǾ൱ˡ
ⲻʳˣʥޣѾĹĪĳ˵ҪĽĻ´ΣǹǿǣƱػֵģһȻһĳɳɵĺ൱µġ
֪ƨѵûп𣿡
˷˲ͬĸп˿˿
ôˣѵ˵⻹
ѾˣһΣ֮ڹؼʱûȥȫǱһҪˣʱ֮еЩϢѾƳΪ˸ѹۿٺ٣Ҳ˵ġ
˵ϴŵı飬ƺǶһΪĽ
˵ɣϽ˵ˣһȥ¥
֮ȼһ̲סĽе
ǰǰһȥ¥
˿ʼ
ٺ٣ðɣðɣϢѵҴۿǲСϢвսһЩĹű
ʲô
ʲôϵ𣿡
˲˵
˵˵
Ȼֹϵˣһϵߴ˳ߣƣڲӴͨب֮ҡвʵּ
ʲô
ʵּѵ˵Ǵǲʹģ
ӾȻ˵ĵ󣬵Լ֮Ҳ
Ⱥ׳գ֮εܹѵǰҳǸʱⲻʹƺû˰ɣ
ѵ˵˵֮ܣȻȥ͵Բʹ֮ⲻ
˵ɫ
ʹʲôطڵĲʹѾûհĵλ޷ʵʱ̶ֳȣڵҲǳصģѡʱ֣ǵӣǺû˿ˡ
УЩϢ͹ʱˡ
һλ·֮˲мЦ
һ˲佫¶֮ɫ˸ˡ
ڳ
ٺ٣ЩǹűѣҿǵõµϢⲻʹʧ֮УŲٻ֮¡ȹȵȵװΣҲھҪ
ۡ
˵̲סһ
ʡ£
ǰʥķģǿķֶξ˵ĺܰȻûëĵɵģеȻ󣬷㾪ˣһǻģмĺܰ
ݡӿǺˡ
¥š
ˡ
ϢһֱϿɣһԴڣǱ֮´󲿷ʵɿģ֮ºٳ֡
°λ£лŻ㡭
ٵŮˣŮ˵ζ൱ĺ氡
Եޱȡ
ţӵĻÿһλǹɫ㣬ᣬòǰ͹̣ûлһǿԼ£ᵽһڣҲĸְ
Ļﲻ򴫵ݡ
Ȼ֪һε飬ڱģԷΪӡ
˳ԹĴΪӵϡ
ٵҲԵľ裬ʱɲǳͷ֮ʱӿѾץˣԼŮ˵¶ȥȻǸñӣ֮У֮˿ǲ٣֪һߵĻε֮¡
ٺٺ٣ոյһңһ̣㱻˵Ĵӻ谡
ǰĶѪˡ
ٺٺ٣ʹñҲԶˣȻҪѪġ
ʹ

ϵĻ²ϣҪγʵʣ˵ӴϢεȵĿֲޱߵϿʼǣͷųԼΪֲĲ
һ࣬λϵսǣ׷׹˵ϡ
ɪɪ
һŭѪʮ
ʲ飬ǽ򷭸ҲҪ糹ף
ݺݵҧסһſϣʱ¶
ݿ֨죬Ҫӡ
ͳƣȫͳƳҪǰУʵǿ˭ôĴ󵨣˭ġ£
ҧгݵĺ
˭ǵҶһ£ѪǧˡѣȫΪΪڣѹ
ҪѪˡ
û˵ôǿʵ˫ϵĲ񷣬ҲԼǰ˵˵ĳ֣ĺﵽʷǰĳ̶ȡ
ЩԼйĹߣڴ
ˣȥУ
Ļĺ


1618 ʼ
У
Դһֻɵǿֱ֮󣬱
ֱۣ̲֮ްоȻǿߵֱ۶Ȼų޷ĵ̡
ˣһΣӵ¼ҲΪ˲˿ϷĽ㡣
˭
ǲʳĴ֮ˣƿһǿ˵ĳִʳϡ
ڵľУνǽһӶݻǿĶײ
һε飬εģӺ;ѾԹˡ
һһ˰££Ҫпʼˣλ߹·ǧҪ
ɫ㣬л㣬õˣڵõ˻ҪѵõĻ𣿡
Ҫˣλ꣬Ӵⲻҵļһ˰˯߲ãһȥ£˯Եı˵ûһΡ
еǰ棬һڴߺš
֪ĻΪӻء
ٵϴ˿˿֮ɫ
¶ЦݵˣвɵЩŭ⡣
ѾĻεȵˣЦȻĿԲ²⵽Է˵˼
ޣȻףȴ֮䣬ӵء
֮˵ΣҲȫΪһεҲ뷨
뵽ǻ£ⲻڸӼӵشһñӣɫġ
Ż£һܺõ飬ڱӶõֶˡ
뵽ЩٵЦҲɵĿʼ
Ȼ뷨ˣ
٣һӵǶ˰֪һεͷϵж̣ԼĻ±£ǴžžĴ
ϻȻǴˣûҵļһ𣿡
УҲ˰ɣţ֮Уһλ˲õУǱǿǺˣŷòǰ͹̣תϴһǱۣ˵õһȥڵĿƼֶΣ㹻ģģ֮УĽգŻ£öˬ
ԭˣ̨ȻǴ˵֣С
߬ȭͷ¶һۣ·Ҫĳһ㣬˶ߴԻҪ
Ǻεȵĸ֮߰ˣĵλεȵѪڲʵͳλϺʵ϶ף˼һ棬˵ֻƬҪһӵģȴ˵裬˵嶼ϡ
С
ӵһĿǰľУ̲סҧסҪҧһĿš
еŭͿ񱩵ɱҪŷ
ʾޱݵĺԶԶҪŷ
ȻԼϵɱ⣬ǺģȴԵĿĿ
ⲻ
һݳ
ЦĿŶԷ
ǽһˬˬ൱ˬ
û뵽ǾȻٴεļˡ
ٵЦΪĹŹ֡
û뵽㾹Ȼҵǰ
˫Ŀâ˸ϣͬ׵һ㹻̴۾
ҲߣȻоӵ˫Ŀ֮дſµɱ⣬ȴƺһҲ⣬ǿٴεЦ
ǰҶѾãκΰûԵ֣ӿǽص̫ˣȷ֮ˣҪ൱ѵģҲðȻ޷ˣƺһ˿ӴĻᣬһǽĽӴ

ӵȻı
ɽ纣ɵĿ
ǺܿļʮȴѸٵĳ߹ȻӣȴҲǴ̫ž֮еǿߣߵ˼æȰסӡ
һλϵ˵
ӣڲµʱв򵥣ǻʱͶԷ񡭡һ໥ɻǴС鷳
ӵɫ΢΢һеŭȻ΢΢ѹƣȴûͷų
٣ܺãһļһʱ䣬Ǻܿһ֪ﱾʵĺǶôء
ٲм˵
𣿺һĿǲû飬ѵͿѾٴεһǲʳȻǿ󣬵ȴҲԭˡ
ʲô
ӵһȻû뵽龹Ȼӡ
ˡ
ٵϴ˿˿ĵ֮ɫЦ
ҵţ
Ӵûܵ裬ˣնɱˣǵһǾһ
ģҪҵȫնɱ
Χ˸֯Ϊһζ̲ް·ϵƣ֯ơ
ȻǾзӵϢͲѾʼǿ˷ʩ
Ļ쵰ǺεȵĿ£оȻｨΪһϣһϵĴ󣬹ϵϢǱʶ޷壬У㻹Ұ
ӴǰȥϵɷѾڸڱʺܲˬ
ٺٺ٣׳յڳԱˡ
һ˳
ֻеһ࣬һӰվ
һһɫĴţ
ϴ˿˿·˸ϣһԾ޴ţ۸ڲϳΧ޿ȥ
ѡԵĹۿ
Щ֮УһɵıɾֻЩòǰ͹̵ŮѰ١
һԶԱķΣǳΪ۲ĵһط
һҶߡ
ССվµСΪµ￴š
ˣˣһֻɫţһѵûʲôѹ𣿡
ССƲƲ쿴Ҷ죬Ƶ˵
Сǿֲ˸֮д˿˿Ľâ
һ۾ҲǴġ
ر֮ͫ
۾Բ͸صķһе
ǽصȴҲᱻһ˫۾쵽ġ
ÿÿĸоСһԼѰţҶǸо൱ĲԾ
ιιιСѾͷһƽ̹֮ȻҲ˼ү𣿡
ţħΪ˵
ƽ̹
ССһ㶣Ǻܿıţħ˼ʱҧгݵĺ
ֻ۾Сƽ̹ˣ㿴أƨɣѵûкܴǱٹãȫĿԳΪ޷ĳ̶ȡ
㻰ﻹǱ뺷
ҶʱҲڵ֪ˣ౦ΪʲôССһΪӣ˱뺷Ůˣһɡ
Ϊ˶žԼ߳ΪעĽ㣬Ҷ漴ѡ˽УҲʱâȴҶоˡ


1619 ҿ˭
һλĽŮˡ
һĽɫ˿˿ĿɰϢǽ͹µĽȴޱȵˣһԱΣǽĳ֮±ø
ҡҷ֮УԴ۵ĽմٸſӵеĽ˵ջ󵽡
Ӵˡ
ţħЦĿҶ˵
ûĿֻ
ŮҶȻʶǶԷԴɺͲע⡣
ȣ
Ҷ뿪Ӱ̲סҧסԼӣ
ôˣ
ߵ˺ʵ
ݿȻѾģȴ޷ڸʱĿ̬ҼѾģȴҲɵĶԲٵŮſµɱ
һƺǺء
ţħǲҡڵţβŤģȵ֮У֮ɫʢ
ģĶһǸСӡ
ٴҧгݵ˵
Ǹ𣿡
Ҽ¶˿˿Ц⣬ؿ˵
˵ģӦһû뵽һﾹȻûӵд
Ҽû˵һԽüȴ΢΢𣬲֪ЩʲôǺܿȴڣ
˲򵥣ҸоһεУСһƺӦҲһĸϵ
һ֮ɫԼĸף
ѵΪСĲɣ
Ǻǣ׿˺ֹǧ򣬵СȴҺһˣȴ㱾£ԵĲǼ򵥵ˣ죬ʲôأ
Լ׵Ŀ佱̲סҧгݵ˵
һɺ޵ĺܣ˵ôá
뵽Ҷ국Լ飬ʱٴһץĳ嶯ΪУ˵ãĻֽҶץ
öı
СС˸ϣΧı֮жʼɢ˿˿ľâ·ŵС˸һ㡣
˵òҪע⡣
ҶûĿССؿ˵
֪ССԸСһ￴ȥͲ󣬵ʵȴҲһ첻µزµûεĻӲڲʹʱǿеĴⲻʹֵǮ֮
ڵĲʹʧȥı㹻ˡ
Ҹ޷Ŀ±¾ȻǳСһС
ٺٺ٣ģǸѾˣҪ׵ĳ֣û鷳ġ
Ҫ׵ĳ֣
Ҷ˲ץסеڡ
Ƕ౦˼ȻûϸССĳ֡
ƺССİȫ⡣
СһֶεǺεȵľ˺Ϳֲǵõ˶౦洫ȴҲӰССʵȥƺҲûôǿɡ
ҲˣôĲǸӲʦὫҷų
ССǹĵĶҶ˵
ƺΪһε棬϶һĺΪıһεᡣ
ڽ뵽˴֮Ҷ˱㱻һ֮С
ԼĲʹ䱦ҶԱ˵ȥģΪҶݱڸס˵ҪϳҶҲǲܵġ
ŹҶԼİС

ССǰӣʱһеӰǵǰ
һľˣһʮ򳡵ô
ǾôȴɶѻӰ
һλλƷǷݳȥ㹻Ϊ֮ޱȡ
ǧƵΧƮЩĲ޲Ǵ̫ž֮еǿɢģһΪάϵİȫһҲΪܹ֤С
λһ
ǰ̨һ貹⻪ɣ漴һγ˵ǰ
һλݹϣߡ
һҰɫĿľȣվ̬ǽҪģҶһ
ǹľգ
ǹǰ
ôı°Ȼǿ߶
һλĹǿߣʵǷǰԼϵ˵һϡ
˵֣ǹҲû˿ĵ֮ɫ˫ĿĺٴεĳһĨ˵̬
һȻôĳ
ССؿľգ̲ס²
ȥȻҪˣȴҲԸоеڲͷһɹӴⲨڿʱҲоһϸϸĲ鿴ʱȴԸоޱ
Ҷ֮΢΢һʱľְľڻʡ
ϹȻĲ򵥣ֶκʵѾԺ̫һ֮໥ĶԱˡ
ҶаԵľ
̫һӡֹʥ֮ǿߣҶһֱԹǵʵʵĲѾ΢Ĳ²⵽һ˿һˡ
ǺǣлλգҶһǺεȵĲǵģǽһֹϵبʱڵʵϵľȨƵȨȡȵȣһεôһ۸ҲǾкһʢᡣ
á
ڿԼˡ
˲Ҫ˵ˣֱɡ
˵˲
ãϷҲȥϻǵһޣʮ߾Ŵ磬شǧֱǳޱɵģ޵ڲһ꣬˼£ٻһνǲɶõıͼ۰򡭡
žžž
ӵɫޱȵѿ
µϲţʱ˿˿Ľм
ԼģȫԼġ
ЩԭԼ֮ڹΪãǾˣεӵЩϾԼУκεһ˶ûʸȥմȾġ
Ļ쵰쵰
ӵзĺ
ʱһâ˸˳Ŀռƺγ˵Ĳƣһöʯ֡
Ӱʯ
ӵһԼݳġ
΢΢һʱһϢӵǰ
һеӰһӰǡ
ߣһȻ㿡ȴζѩѪͫޱȡ
һͷɫţһ۵С
߲Ҷһ˻˭
˵Ӱ֮УŲʹıţħϵظһ£̬ڵϵ̲סĿʼ߶
һǲ򵥣Ǿжɱɱ鲻⣬ֻȥѣλԷĵʹ֮һ£ǵģûдһ£Ƕžǧٵƣһ𣬾Ǵ̫žǿߵȫһԱֿסһϵԲɶðȻֻǿʹʮζѣǸλҪһ£ǡ£
𡭡
á
Ҫľһ
Ұ㡭Ŷ
ݣ˭д
һݳͻȻ֮һ
ҿ˭򣡡


1620 
Ϣǣ
·һ㣬Ȼըˡ
ռ޲ӳһ񱩵Ϣһڳܼͼȫƿ
ǿϢԵΪ֮ľ
̹ǵĲ˲ӿǿǸоԼ·ǳһԱ˫Ŀһ㣬ڳԼɢв

ڣһµıƲ֮һӰԴһ֮߳
ǣһĿ߳ĿϢôΪ֮
趯֮У֮ˡ
ӻ˭
Ǵʱȴûԭĵ෴ϳһʷǰ
žžž
תâ֮ߣһʮɵĻ
ʱˣûһҼĽкʱΪؼʱ̣Ѿܵ˼£һ˭ҪĻӭǵľԻɱ¾
˭Ҫ𣿡
ӵﻺس˵
˪ϢߣվԶԸоһĺڳԼӿ
û˵˭ȥ˵
ľյɫ΢΢һ䣬漴Ϊѿ
˵Ϊڶžơ
ߡô磬ͼһڣӼȻôȤǲ翪ʼɣ
ľյﵭ˵ȴ˿˿ŭ⣬ȻӵΪֵΪ
ʲôҲӣ
ӵɷŷһâ˸ʱһг֡
͡
ֲ˺Ѹٵĳ֣ͬһƥһ㣬һοµľǺӣںһޱߵΧĿռ䶼ڷ֮
޷̫ˣľյɫ䣬ȫû뵽ӵĵӾȻô󣬵ʱѡ֣ǴԾпʼư
ʱ֣ӵĵҲ̫˵ɣ
ǰ֮ǿߵĶϱۣﶼȥʲô
ߡ
ľ˵оԼǰâѾ𣬶ʱ˫Ŀֲķâһ㣬ˡ
䡭ľ٣
еĹȾȻһľľγһСɽһ̬֮ʼ͹ֳ
ϣ
ľϣݻΪһɫĿһȴ·ɢŽɫĵֿ˶Էǰ
䡱
޴ʱ쳹˳
ۡ
һѪľǰĿľӰ漴ı飬γ˽ɫĹâɫҰףһĨ޷ŵɫԹ
ǳĻʯˣӵе֣ȴӵô˵棬ĴѪֶΣѾɱˡ
һˣһж˵Լõġ
ʱӣΪѾľô۵һеĽ˲ˣǲڷϵ
Ȼˣ
Ӱˣѵ˵ǿ󣿡
ǿΣӵĲʳֲʲô֣֮ƿһУǵİǹģƾʲô
Ų֮ӾҪˣҿǲлûиǿޡ
ӵһ䣬ָٴεĻӶ
͡
䡱
ۡ
һζμٵ֣ʱΧγһζοɲĲ֫
еһ˸ӵĿɱüıȴûиоӵĳ֣Ĳҽ֮УŻıպԼ˫Ŀ
˭Ҫһ£
ӰȻվеŭ𽥵Ŀʼ
⼸յʱ䣬ﻵˣһδε飬޲ڽԼеŭȼΪʢʱڣڵĵõ˷йһԷй;
ôĵӣӣ㵱ΪҾβ𣡡
ľյﻺسȵ
ں˵𣿡
лɽ纣峤׵ĻȻ
ϴ˿˿İԵ֮һһ޲̲İ֮УľյɫϵĸıţǰƺڷŸı䡣
ָıǺεȵľ˺Ϳֲľյǰ·ǰѾΪ𣬳ΪΨһΪף
ؼһд컯Ľ¿ʼԼʲôֻһϣֻһ磬ֻ΢ĴڣǿϵĴڣԼֻиףء
žžž
ڲϵĲţľղǰ׳գ෴ܹصʱ䣬ϵǿ߻ŵʱ䶼Ϊ
ʱȻҲо˲ԾӲҪɱҪ׵һε衣
ϼһҪ군ˡ
ССڰ֮УһζĿ㣬˵
̬ƺǶľ˿Ĳ⡣
ŶԷ㵭ӣҶٴεüͷ
ССľҲ̫˵ɡ
౦ʵҶȻ֪ܹﵽһʲô̶ȣҲǱľزҪǿһѡ
ΪʲôССȴƺǶ˿Ĳأ
౦ǸʲôɣֿԻأ棬˲ɱĳ
СС˷ۿҶ죬û˵
˰ɣҲܹ൱Ӻ֮г𣬱С֮ûκεĳ޵ģ԰ǲҵģȻңǻʲô
˵ȫڴʯ״̬Ҷ죬ٴεĶǿ㿪ˡ
౦һѵԼӵģ̫ӵˡ
ССҶ̲סĿ
ӵʵǴ̫ž۷пܳɾϵ㣬ߵĿҪСܶģľҲǿٲ˼򵥾ͱӸŵˡ
ţħ۹Ҳһۿ֮Ρ
ľӦûֻȴɲӵĶ֣ӱѾںһ㣬˵ϢعͨһһʽĪ̲ޱߵӾ촹һ㡭
ҶıΪ˵

ʱȻŭһͬף͸ԷͨȻľյΧۼһƬڶ
ۡ
ľջûеȵʩչ㱻ΧĺڶǺڶħͣޱȵϵ֮ۿžҪɵľգͻȻ֮䣬һѸٵĳֳ

Ӹղŭһ㣬ȴһֳϢ
䡱
ӵ׻ٵĳź浹˹ȥ
ӣ
վļλɫ䣬һѵסӵı
һɺ嫵ܻرһֻ֮ͬгһ㣬ǺڶıԵ֣һ𣬽ľյ嵲ס
ĵƣˡ


1621 ٻʹ
֮Уӿһɿµƣһǿʥչֳĵһ㣬ޱߵ
գĿ֮ϵǳڷ˿˿Ĳ·ڵӺͿ־ʲôһ㣬ֲ޷
ʲô
ÿֲϢ˲ĤݵĲ޷һ˿һ뷨
ʲô磿һŭȾͽˣ
ѵǴ𣿾Ĵһλǿߣ
ÿµЧĳ֮˵ʵɲ⣬ǴδйʧܵڶԷǰҲ㲻ʲô
׵ﻺ˵һ˫Ŀ˿˿첨ƺ˼ʲôһ㡣
ӵʵѾͨˣ֮˸жôֲĳ̶ȣ
޷
׵ı൱˵
ʱԭڶھ֮ˣҲҽԭָӵ˼¶ԼС
Цʵû˵ĿֲˣȥĻҲ磬ںû˿ˡ
һСС̫СҲҾзȻͼɱҾ֮ˣڸᣬҶһԣ
Įٴγ֣һε֮û˿Ĳ·Ҫסһ㡣
ӵɫޱѿӣ㵽ص䣬ȴҲ㵽֮¡
ԵޱȵİԵ
Եû¸ͣ
һҪץĳ嶯
ڻָϲӨӨ֮ľգеϵӿԷֲмӴûиоġ
һ裬⼸ܵʵ̫ˣǵô˵棬ܵȴⱲܵܺͶҪ
ǾŭޣҪɱˣǷϵľУȴҲʱ֡
в֮˵ʵ̫ǿˣԷûаѴ̫ž˷ֻܹ˵һ£Է̫֮ˡ
ǶԷΪԼ޷϶һԿ϶ֻҪԼ˿ķ紵ݶǶԷԻնɱ
նɱնɱһֻû˿ԼҲκε˻
ģĻ쵰
ӵķζҪըˣ֮У̲ͬһȵĻ棬޷й
𡭡
һ͵ĳһһڷЦ޻Ӷȥ
ۡ
䡱
Ӵľͷ·һһ㣬޷ĺӴ֮£ﶼҪ
һζεĲ֫ѪѸٵıȥ
ǡߣ
ӽĴϢš
һ˫ͬħݺݵضˣ
޷κεǣ˭ǵ򣬱ʷҪѡ
ߡϷ뿴Ƿǹ֮ˣϷǵĵˣ˭ˣϷͻǱġ
ҶıһĹŹ֣ӣҶаˬĺܰ
֮ʵ̫ɰˡ
ֱ˲
Ȼӵɫǽһѿһ̫ɺˣǹư
ҲľУʵţһ֪ģ֪ӵ
ߡ
ŭһת뿪뿪֮ǰҶҲѡһ뿪
ƴӻҶڵõ˾ȭ֮ԵĸоԼƿϽһµĲΣתϻϣõ˺ܴ
µ߲ʼתҶ컯һâӿǰ
һ£ӿǳԱˣٺ٣ûѾһǱ߰
ţħֻ˵
ҶûѾֻı飬ǻؿ˵
ڿɲǵʱӵʵȻ޷֪ȴԵĲ򵥣ԷȻ޷κһλǿߣǶԷȴҲ޷κεס
ܰɣҿɵǰûз
ССѩɫĲ̲ס˵
һõĲʳ̳ߣܹ
Ҷﵭ˵
ʶ˻ɷͲ֮սҶⲻʳԽĺⲻʧٵĺǹ죬ҶȴԺĲⲻʾʧˣ֮ǰҲһὫһеȫĴõģµ䱦һ
ȥʲôط
ССĿҶ˵
ȥѰ
ţħıѵĿССȻССһֻС򣬵ţħȴҲûȫķɵ뷨
Ѱ
ССʱٴγƵ̬
ر֮ͫ˸Ĺâ·һȦȦۼһ㣬ţħ̲סĴһ¡
˻
ûһţħڨڨѡ˵ͷ񱼡
ʳߡ
Ҷһ˵
뵽˲ʳķΧˣһжҪСĵ㣬Ѿϻˣֳ󶯾Ļǻ൱鷳ġ
ССȻⱦޱȵԣıػԼ뵽ӵʵһԲر֮ͫҲ©˿˿ļɵ֮ɫ
ҲֻǼɵѣƺǶӵʵҲûϣҶ౦ĵԽĺܹǿֶΡ

СĴ˻ʹٴεһųԵĻ֮ǰ
ԭЧһģڸо￿֮󣬶ʱǵصĻ֮ʵʣһצѸٵĳץ
͡
ָ΢ʱһöɫʯҶС
ۡ
·Ǵѩһ㣬еĻ֮Ѹٵʿںϵ֮Уֻǳ˶ݵӶѡ
ССԭ䱸漴棬һԲر֮ͫƵĿҶ죬·ڿһһ㣺
ƺǶΪϤ
ҶҪ˵ͻȻɫһ䡣
ĺÿ죬ߡ
һѽţħССѸٵϽһŻ֮֮Уʧ֮⡣
͡
һ޴˺
漴ıһмԦŹսսʿ
Ϊ׵һƮվһɵ֣·۽һ㣬˫ֱȴѹԲ˿ĵֿһ˲ӵ˻˭
ߡ
ӵ΢΢һϵıޱȵ࣬˿˿ɷ
ܵ裬ⱲӶûоģҧгݵĿһŻ֮˫ĿҪһ㣺
Ļ쵰ľУȻвʡ
뵽ԼȻ֮Ĵǿǰû˿ĵֿһʱ䣬ӵѾ̲סĿʼֳһֿɲɱ⡣
ӣǴƽǾС
һλս̲סĺ
һλߣƢ𱬵ĺܡ
ɣڻǶֵʱǴ֮ĴڣǱҲ֣ҲûлֵĻᣬֻǸʱ֣ƱػһսʱǱЩ΢Ĺ塭


1622 ˱۶
һˣطȷûУ
ӵ˫Ŀ𣬷ĹâȻһ
ǴѪ֮еϢȥģµ
Ѿ˴λãЩϵ֮˺Ѿҵˣħĺȴˡ
һλ˵
ħȻڵһλɽһֱǲɽ¶ˮƺûн֮ҲգȥȷλãţƾѪϵϵҲԵõĴ֮ʱ򣬱ʵľ罫ȵ£Ҫ˭Ǳʡ
ӣǸҶƺǺҵĴСһ˿ϵ
һλս˵
ңߣܺãһĹ廹ΪκβҶñܵ˵ĶԴ˵ҲҪ㳢һζȥ׼еıһΣѹң̤ƽңһεжһҪأҪ𣬵Ҫ˭˵ķʱ֡
Ҷһԭʼ֮ˣȻԶҵĴۻȭΪһ˿ӵеġ
ӵ˫Ŀ𣬷˿˿â
â˸˿˿ĺ⣬Χһˣ̲סĴһ¡
ߡ
ӻӶֱۣʧԭأҲ漴ʱ˭ҲûпһŻ֮ڲ˫۾ڳ©Ĺâ
ˡ
Ҷﻺؿ˵
ˣΪһǸоǵĴء
ţħ̲סĽе
ߣûе
ССƲƲ͵˵
У㻹һСȶ¸ͣ
ţħûĿССм˵

ССҪ˵ͻȻһ漴ԲµС¶˾ȵɫ
ʲôطþԪÿֲŨ̶Ȱ
ϼɵ٣ٴٴεĽٵ˵ϣγҺЩٴεķ裬ͷųԼӦӵеĹâ
һУССʼޱ
ȻǵһҶţħȴҲɵ𾪡
ϾһεʱҶţħûĽ뵽
ɢԣ裬ĹﴹӿĹķ
ɾ
ֻɾŻ̬
ߵ޲ʼ̾
沢γʵʻ㣬㣬Եø
ԪԪٸѵüΣô̫ΰˡ
СС˫ðﲻϵĽţϴ޷ڸǵ˷֮ɫһ˸ҪΧʼȫİΧסһݻĹâԵĶʼŽɫĲ
̰Ƶıһŵıֳ
СɵſԪĵϣþõĲԸ
ԪԪԴߵĻһʶĲƸ
㻰Ҷţħ̲סһߡ
߰ɡ
ƺЩܲСС̰Ƶ̬ҶûĶССе
ôżﰡѵ֪ʲôԪب֮У²ŻγɵľγɵҪԶޱȳǰ½УﾹȻһһ鶼ԵֵһյĿް
СС˵Ѿһȭʱâ˸һľ¶Ȼֱһ㡣

ǿľ˲Ļɽ緢һ㣬ССײ˳ȥʱССȴ˿û⣬˷ܵ˵ѵͬһƬ

һԪʱ͵
ԪŨ̶Ƚǿµ˷ָ
žž
һžʼγɣССʱƺǱøǿ֡
ȻֻһƬƬǲЧȴǺҩҪֲٱ
á̫Ũˡ
ССͻȻļһ
ǵҶţħһĺߡ
һһ𣿡
ţħ̲סʵ
Ҷûлش𣬵ʱȴҲ˼⡣
ƺĲʲô¡
ۿССǽСΪӴԪע뵽ڣҪʼ̬Ҷ̲סľҪ֣ͻȻ֮䣬һâ˸
͡
˫ֽӡССȻ͵ʩչѧ
һϵĽɫͷϡ
ɫ棬ĽӰ˸Źϵľģ˸ȻССĺʼǴ
建ظգü֮Уһâ貣٣ǵصסԼ壬һʥġdַġ
Ϣ䳹γب̬
Ҷϱ𽥿ʼ
һĻÿ¡
ţħﻺؿ˵
Ŀ£ʵǿڿССʵʵǲ򵥰
ˡ
̴Լӵʱ䣬СС̲ס˫ĿŭŽе
ҶûĿһۣʱССһԲر֮ͫƵ̬ŵЩѵԪڻҺ̬һ۵ģ
ģǵҶûĶԴһȭ
Ӵ
ССĽۣ

ССûĽе
֮¶˿˿⣬ȻҶһȭᡣ
Ҷε˵
Ƕ౦ĵССԪôĲˣҪǼǰ
ССҲûĵɴ۾
Ҳ룬ıҪռˣǰ׳Ҳ֪ı㾹ȻҪԼһˣͷɫţȥѰұ
ССŭĿԲĿҶ
Ҷû˵ֱӵĴţħʼǰС
ǿĳطСС໥磬ٶʱҲ粻۵ġ
һһ۾ʱĳŵϵԪϼ۵ӣľһرеĲεĲ֪һʲôע⡣
ιιιԪѵ˵һҲ
СС̲סĽе
Ҷ΢΢ĻӶֱۣһݰݵ̬
˷Ѱ
ССޱȵĿһƬԪ뵽ǰ滹Ÿź˺ģٴεڳһԪװԼĴ֮Уٵĸ
ΧԪǳ棬Ҷľϵ
ҶÿһεĺԸоԼһ˿
ĴԼһ޷ĵزġ
Ҷǿ϶˵
ʲô
ССҪ˵ͻȻһԲر֮ͫȻͷų׳âһطȥ
в
ֲĲ
Ϣ
ֻһɽɽ£һڴͷųŨĺܣȻûдﵽԪĳ̶ȣǸ˵ĸоȴ·ʵһ㡣

һݳ
˿˿ĿֲϢ޷
žžž
濪ʼѣһ޴Ӱش߳
ֱֻȵĳֳ
˱۶
ССĽһŽе


1623 ص
ҶıҲʼ
һֻɫ
ʮ׵ӣһβͲ˦ɽļ棬ٸĹǴ̣ЩǴ̳̲񷣬·ìһĿֲ
ԷгȥǺܿȴվ
ҶʱſԷϷǳŰֱֲֻۡ
ֱ۳ƬÿһƬԼƣ˸ŹĹâ
˱۶ϵǱܣѪͳֻѪͳԲϿɣֻӦѾ˰
СССһƬĲҰס
ߡϵߡ
Ҷ켱ٵĽе
Ĳ̫ǿˣǸһ޷ĸо
ôߡ
ССŽе
ߡ
Ҷݺݵ˵
ڿԿ϶ԲԼԵֿ֪ⶫ˶ٵʱˣôӴ̬Ｓȡ²һտݵġ
߰
ҶŻССĽе

˱۶һ˫ĿȻħ⣬˲ߡ
Ҵգһôүڿء
ţħĲҽ
ܡ
ҲûߣȾܡ
ʱҶ뵽ССĶ
ǰ˱۶Եһû˯ѵӣܹѣ±ΪССղһƬɵġ
ӵ
Ҷûн
𡭡
һŭ𣬶ʱǿտʼ
͡
˺ѣʱһֻ޴ƺݺݵسҶĴ˹ȥ
һʮᣬ
ʲôνӴʲôٶȾȻǿ֮¶˸ơ
оԼһɽѹҶɫ䡣
̫ˡ
һٶôô٣

һɰľȻͬһʯһ㣬ݺݵѹ
䡱
ҶССٵʩչ߲˸ȥ
ȭ
ʩչȭһְɫľݻȻ䡣

׻ŭ𣬾޴İ׻ӰǶһצȥ
죡
˫ӡȭ
ϣȻϵޱС

ٴεľӰ·ؼף֮УۻĿſµצӿȻ˱۶צ˳ȥ
ǿⲢİ˱۶
Ҷһ㶣ССѾĽ
˫ĿϣҶüͷһ֮۶ʱס˶Է
һֻ޴İ˱۶ȷʵ紫˵֮еǰ¡
ţ˱۶Ѫͳȴ޷ܣԹޣӴ˱˰˱۶ĳӣһֱϲΪʳΪʳɲһеʵ飬ҲˣҶҲǰһˡ
Ȼǰ˱۶
֮۹۲֮£ʱԷ̬Ҷ֮С
⾹Ȼһµħ
һħռΪԵɺ֮£õһ˿˱۶ľѪӶʼݻΪ̬ΪϵĶҶ֮۵ǰȴ˿ûа취赲סġ
ҪˣȻƭ㴿Ů
СС̲ס
СһһĳƺҶţħһ
ôСһ͡һ㶼մ߰
ǰ˱۶ǳĶޣޣһξѪѣܹǿ̶Ҳ㹻Ŀĳһײг̶ȡ
ŶԷƳ˿˿֮Ҷ컺ؿ˵

ħŭƺû뵽Ҷ߾ȻԶԼĳ֣ʱһŭ
꣬үˡ
ţħҲӦ˹ȻһαװļһŵҪţħǽһջ𰡡
һŭҲ̲ס
衱
ţ֮Ӵ򽣴ġ
ΧĿռƣЩƿٵľۼֻת˲ʱ䣬ճһĴӡӡŤ漴ħͷϡ
ţүү
ţħʩչӡôʱ䣬ţħòΪħ̥˲õĴڣֻҶ̫ҫۣڱԣʵţħʺʵҶҲ̫ࡣ
䡱
ӡѹƣţħȻĳ֡

ħţŭЧնʼը
ħʱ顣
໥ײ֮Уţħٴεĳ֣ƿסϵĴӡ׷׵Ŀʼ³

һµı֣˲֮У濪ʼ񱩵ըĵħըɣѪɫѪҺ֮дſµĸʴЧȻ䵽˵ϣǳΪԪĵ涼ʴһĶѨ
ûôʱ˷ˣǵץʱ䡣
Ҷ쵭˵
á
һϢħţħҲͷ˵
ȥɡ
ħ൱ĲҴһ˿˱۶ľѪ˱۶ľѪ֮УվǴһ˿ĸ߰ȻزᱻһģƺĴ߶ĳַɵЧӦʱţħٴԼħţӰݺݵزȥ
䡱
ħţӰǿֲúܣһ̫žǿߣһҲ׵ȥԿοǴڷ֮еħ

ɫѪɽһѪϢľѪٵĴһ֮ͷų
ߡ
Ҷ΢߶׻ɷγһֻ׻֣֮ľ
ιιι
ţħˬĽ
Ҷûһ˳ֵĴɷ֮ٵĵסһ˿Ѫ
ǰ˱۶ľѪĻ֪þٵʱ䣬ĺãǿûжٵʱ㡣
Ҷǿ϶˵
Ҫô䵭ԴүʵܿͿԸ㶨ġ
һ˵ҶԵĲṶͬģ˽һ˿Ѫƿ֮󣬿ٵķ뵽Լϣ
ߡ

ССǿ϶˵
ţħûĿСһۣжʱ뷨뵽һıĶ౦ʱֻú޺޵Ľ뷨ȥ
ĲҵĲر֮ͫоһĴʹ죬ȴڰ·ϱһǿѹȥ޷ͻơ
ССָһط˵
ħĵط
ȷ
ҶҲüͷʵ
϶ģ۾ܹ٣
СС˵
һԲر֮ͫȻ޷ٵģҶûеȥֻǿǺĶѨľͬһħһ㣬˵Ϳֲ
ߡ
ˣȻûѡġ
Ҷ漴Ŀ˵
ǵ̤뵽һ˲䣬һɱ̹ǵĸоȴ˲γɡ
ֲ
Ҷ̲סĴһ¡

ʥ˸֮ҫʼҶʩչ
𣿡
ûеȵҶ߷Ӧһžϲش


1624 
ΧҶɢĹʱγһââ˸˺Χĺڰ˲俪ٳһ
ʯ᾵ĻʱҶߵǰ
Ĺʯ·ǾǧʱŴزģһּʪ֮аޱȸϢζʼߵĺ֮У̲סһŻ뷨
ȴûеȵ߷Ӧʱͻأĳһʱߵĺëʼ
ȻǿİĻ£ûʲô˿Լıֵġ
˭
Ҷŭȵǽһˬ
ղžҲһͻĽһѡ
Ϸ棬ǽͿҵϷ򡭡
ٴεĳ֣ޱȣȴһֽӲĸоͷ·Ӳʯ໥Ħһ㣬γɵһܵĸо
ںܳʱû˵һ㡣
һӦ޷ȴǽȥʲôϢҲ˵ǴﰡҾòȥĺá
ССתǴһ˿ķ˵

Ǵʱؼһһ
һСѾͷϷȷʵǱ棬ȴмȥƭˣǵĳ̶ȸûϷƭʱ
֮дһĨ߰˭ĸ֮߰
ССȻȥͲ󣬲ʮӣȴŹ龫ֵԸԲĴ۾һתС΢΢һм˵
Ҳûõģб
ˣ
ҶһݸȻʶʱ䲻Ҷȴ֪ССԸǹŹ֣Ǹһ޷ƿصĸо˵Ը񣬿ºܹĻΪһ֮Ķ౦Ҳᱻˡ
ߣǰⲻµıȴԵĲᱻǵõģʧȥϷָ㣬ǾҲ޷õ
ԵĴһ˿ŭ⡣
ԸҶЦãССҲʮѣϼһԵѾǵһϵµĳ̶ˣھȻССɼϾǺˡ
ǺǡǰһСǰķ緶
Ҷ쵭Ц
ߡСӣʵ㣬Ϸȷʵ޷ȥȴҲǷǵóȥɣûϷĳְĴ̵κκô
նȻŭ
һﻹһС۵ˡ
ţħƲƲ첻м˵
֮ˣƷдϱԿĳʵϲֻޣˣƷжԴϿ
ϼһﾹȻСС仰˵ˣȻزʲôˣǲȴҲòʲô̶ȡ
Ǻǡ𣿵ˣƺҲ޷ȥˣӦ֪Ҫɲɵ飬Ǻؽǻ֮£ϣȥѰһ£Ȼ࣬ıҩﻹǲٵģ㣬Ҫȴ¡
ߡвϷ򣡡
س֡
һεѾЩһ˿
̸вֻһʵѡ
ҶıҲʼõȻ˿˿⡣
һƷпɼһ㣬ȷҪ
ţħԴǵ˵
һȻ֪ʲôˣǿóѾ£õİȻԻúôܱʳصļֵҪˣǽȥ»ǻһġ
Ҷ컺Ŀ˵
ţħͷ漴ĺСС໥һѾ˶Է˼
ôǵˣ
Ҷ֮дһĨĲˬ̬ƺѾûжٵˡ
ߡ
صϼһԵһҪ֮ˣ˶ҶѯҲֻһȥĻظ
УðװʲôƵģѾװȣбµĳ
ҶͻȻطŭƺǶһʧȥһ㡣
ߡ˽ıȫĴߣӻͲˣ뿪ǾҲıˣŲʵƣΪ׽𣿡
ҶĽе
ߡ
ţħǸӭҶĻе
ССȴɵΪģƺǶıΪĶĲر֮ͫʾˣǿֲıһԲر֮ͫ۵ĺܣ顣
ţħβһ˦ʱСѾͷǲԵ̬ѡ
㡭
û뵽Ҷ쾹Ȼ˵߾ߡ
Լǰʮ׵ľ֮ǼһﾹȻûзӦ
ţħЩסˣ
˵ϼһﲻôľǿɣ
Ҷ΢΢ƲƲͣм˵
ߣɣһɣԷܹôõʱ䣬ǻû㹻Ŀĳ˵ʵԲ򵥣ôǿһˣȻӿɣһͲŸ㲻ˡ
áСӣݡ
ڵҶ˳˰ʮ֮ٴεĴ˳
Ҷ΢΢Ͷ䣬ƺûǰߡ
СӣϷ˵ˣһݣڸղŵϷ򡭡Ǹ
ֱ֣һҧгݵ̬˵ģһȻ֪Σȴ֪ھԵ൱ķŭˡ
ǡҲҶҪġ
Ȼ˵ĻǣƺǿԺˡ
Ҷתϴʤı˵


1625 ʬ
Ҫ
ţħ˵
֪Ϊʲôδ֪ļһţħһֽ䱸
Сĵ㡭
ǿնĶѨҶﴫ˵
Ѩ֮УһƬһֵĺڰϢ
Ǿþõûгֲĸ֮Ȼһ˿΢Ĳһ˿ȻܵȴǱҶˡ
ĺڰΪڣ֮ӦݲºڰϢģΪʲôֺڰĲ
ҶаԵľ衣
ССһڰ֮У˸·öҫǳһ㣬ֻǳƺǴŽɫڰû谭סҶߣıԿСһϴһ˿ε̬
ᵽ˱ϢӴ
ʱҶȾһкߡ
֪һǶ౦ĵӣҶԵĻὫһƵĴɡ
̰Ƶ̶ȣҲǺޱˡ
Сǵͷϡ
ǲϵĽĦٴγ֡
Ҷߵɫ΢䣬ʱϿգƺĳֹĴڡ
ͬǺصǦƮɭȻϢǵصĴķ
оԷϢСС̲סĽе
ʲô
ҶҲǾ첻֮ۻ
˻
֮ϵ֮Ƕʱһ£ϵļƤ˳ǱССֽץסһִʹиֲֿʼŨ
ʲô
һ߾ߵĹʬ塣
ʬźɫİߵ㣬ȫԹƯЩߵ緱ǣһ۶ԸоԼļƤϲӿһŵľȻȴû˿İߵ㣬ֻɫȴ·Ǿˮĳˢˢһ㣬ȻĴһ͸ĸо
ЩˣÿһλȻǾɫŮȻϴİߵ㣬ȴҲ޷ڸԭַ绪
ֻڣľȻı飬ѩ͸Լϵɫߵȴ޷˿ԣǶԷȫԹһ˿ƵĳֳȴҲ˿
ʲôŵ𣿡
ţħһţҲùԲ
һȻ죬⵨ϾҲһų޶ȵģڵëž죬֫ڲ
ŮǾɫŮǰ͹̣òģϵİߵ㿴ȥʮĿֲ
Ҷû˵֮۴Ź⻪ȻĿνĺɫߵ㵽ʲô
Ҳ
̲סĶŽе
ɫİߵ㾹ȻһֻֻɫĳӣЩӴŹȻСֻСָָ״СںϾۼһĿȥȴԵĸӾϵĳ
ã
ҶȻ뵽ӵϢ
ܰ
ţħҲоһ㡣
ѾӵСС
ռ֮
ҶҲûֱӵĴԼ
ƺǸоҶţħı֣ʱΧĺɫһ𶯡
֨֨֨
Ľ漴γɣЩľȻĳֳĺɫӣЩӴͬһֻֻЦĶħһ㣬һλλľɫ˫ȻҲʼˡ
ʬ桭ȻǸʬ棬ⲻѾ𣿡
Ҷзĺ
ʬ棬һϹʱڵĺƽû˿˺һʻԻᱬ̫ž۷ǿ߶Ϊ֮ӵ
ϲʬ壬ʬ壬һ棬ɵеȥ
СǿĴڣһطǰǧ궼Ŀԡ
ֻ˵Ҳˣȴϲɱ¾һ˻ŵ࣬Իǰɡ
˵ĺܣſµĻҲᱻҧ飬ٶϺ൱Ӵκε޶Ҫ⡣
Ϲʱڣ⸡ʬȴʧ󺱼˼
ôʬ棡
ССҲ뵽ϢСֺݺݵţħץţֲǵţħֱۣ
ð𣿡
ţħſȴǺѹѹһƬѾǵصķ
𣡡
ҶһֻֽӡٵĴһĿռ֮漴ıһµŻɡ
׵֮ţ
ϡ
裬һޱȵͿʼſ
Ƕħħ͡
ҶŻ֮Уں˵Ԩ̫ŵŻȻ
֨֨֨
һΣʬڵķĲԾоŨĺڰ֮Ԩ֮׷׵Ŀʼͼٵܡ
ǶħħεĻ뿪
⸡ʬ洫ںڰ磬ͳĺڰ֮ƺ޷ܡ
ԡԡ
һľ׽ǽһԴడ
ŨĺڰԲÿµŻռǰʮ֮УĳһռˣСӣ㻹ǲ򵥰
صٴεĳ֡
ȴҶɫ΢䣬̲סЦ
ϼһڿʼʱȻȥ˵иʬ棬Ǵ㿴Ҷεмܣĵȫı¶
ˡѹš
ССŭ̲ס
߶Ǵ֮Ҳϼһʲôע⡣
ߡ
Ҷһ漴ȡ׵֮ţȴ·ۻһڵĴϢ
ֻʩչȻۻˣСӣ㲻˵С
ǿ϶˵
ϼһΪԲ𾳵Ϊƿؿռ͵𣿡
Ҷŭɫĺ

ǲ֮һɬƺҮȴҶȼ
ܺãСӣϷģֻҪϷ򣬲Ҫ˵ССĲ𾳣̫ž۷ǽҲ¡
ƺǴĳȻ󣬸Ҷһ㡣
ҿǺµ߲ǰ
Ҷıޱȵ˵
ϼһһֱû˵ĸʬϢ
СӣϷѾˣȻضҲкܶģ˶һҲһ⡣
⣿ϼһһȫȥûҵŻˣʬĿ΢΢õĲҪˣС
Ҷ˫Ŀ˵âؿ˵
ǺǣһϷˣϷ㲹ģŻʹ÷ȻȴҲֻǼŻѣֻҪǾȳϷϷ򽫻һžѧƿԼŻʱԴ̫žǿҲ·硣
ߣ̫žʹ첻֮ŲɺԽĺṵƭ𣿡
ССҵ˻ᣬĽе
ţħĿһһۣСȻͲ󣬵ǾһרҼ̸и֣˲סеҪ͹ؼ
ߣŻبŵˣϷڹϵ䣬Ǹʱľѧ˿󵽵ģֻҪǾȳϷϷԵĻġ
֮д˿˿ջ
ҶƺΪĶ
ڸô죿


1626 Ż֮
ǼǰߣͿɿϷˡŻŵÿ԰Ϸ򡭡
֮дһ˿ǿƺڳʲô
ܿ໥һۣѡǰ
䡱
߸ոյǧ׶ѣǰĻȻ˾޴ĸı䡣
һƬƵĽƺһ󹬵ȴַ·һƬĽںһ
ѵʯϵ¯Ѻ۵ʯףһֶǴĳʴĺۼ
Ϣϣһ㣬ĺɫתڿʯ׺͹ϵĽ֮󣬱·ǱָΪһ㣬ǰԵĿʼҫ


һΪһĲ졣
ŭ̬ȴƺǾĳڸǵʹࡣ
ʹǳ󵽵ġ
ʲô
ССͻȻĽе
֮ж
ţħҲĲѰ
һɫ壬ȫޱȣ֫ӡԴ޲ס
Դ棬ȻȭͷϸǶĵطס
ƺһˡѵǣ
ҶȻͣ
ţħŵϴԵҲ޷ŵɫ
ǺǣǵĶ൱ĲǱϷ
Ϥٴγֻ֣һε֮ѾԲǸӶȴһ޷ڸǵĺ⡣
֣ϷסѾ£Ϸﾭ£Ҫȴû뵽ǡ
ʬ崫
Ǽ˿ֲ֮£Ҷȴ̲סĴһԴˣǴüĶƻһ˵꣬Էġ
ЩҶĲ֮ϴŨĻ֮
֮Ȼͳܹ֮۵ŨĵزȴҲԵĲ򵥡
Сӣ𣿡
ٴεĳ֣Ҷ˵
ûС
Ҷ˫Ŀϵسȥ
˿˿Ѫۣ£ѪۻûɢԼĿԲѪ֮Уһֳ޷󵽵ĿֲصĲ
صķζַģӵ˼£Ҷ֮۶оһģ
Ȼµ˼¡
󡭡ԼĺѪΪסϷ壬Ӷڴ˴һžŵǼ֮ޣߺߣԼΪʺôֱʰ
Ϲٴγ֣һε֮Уȴһ޷ڸǵĺ⡣
ƺǶⲻʺǳް
Ҷٴεĳ֣ԼĴһĨ٩
СӣҪͼ̽ЩϷǲ֮ĹϵǸӣһ㣬㲻Ҫ֪ģֻҪ֪ϷȳԵõ޷󵽵ĶȨơƸֿɵãӣҲȡ
Ҷüͷһ˫Ŀ֮ɫŶԷ
㾹Ȼ֪ӣΪʲô⿪ƺһǸõѡ
Ϲ
ߣӣ˲ò˵ǲʵһ˿ֶΣȴѲŰ֮ϣڲʸӵĲпᣬ֣ȻҪϷΪū붼롣
֮еŭԣҶȴһĻ˵Ļ֮е֪һĻ֮УжٵĿŶȡ
ⸯ棬˿˿ĺɫƣȻ˵Ѿൽ˼£ȴɿԸоڲ̲صӴﵽһֶô˵ĳ̶ȡ
֫סȴһеĹ˸ƺڵֿ롣
γһ̬Կڲ˸ŲĲɺ͸ʴ
һﱻӡѹô꣬Ȼһֱںϵڽп˵ʵԵҶƽӺͶԷȽҲԶ
ⲻɵҶ뵽˻ɷͲʣܹòʽѹ˾ԵĲ򵥡
εľ㣿
Ҷ컺ؿ˵
ŵÿһĻ֮ǲʵѪʵѪǺѪͳѪͳϱһҪҲ˿ٵĺܣⲻǧ㣬ȴһ㣬ΪѪѹסϷȴû뵽ЩѪڳΪ֮ǰˣˣˣǰȻĸԸĻΪġ
Ǹ崫˵
Ҷüͷ𣬶ⲻʣҶ֪ĲԣǸӵ硢ħģɵ̬ԼֶΣҶҲ̲סĶһһ˿С
ԼѪΪֶξԲǳ˿ʩչģҲֻǼȲп֮˲ŻʩչֶΡ
˵
ǸҶٴε˵
ǰǸԸΪǳΪ뾭ޱȵʹ࣬ſԼڵѪԹٳγɣŵŻֻҪǽŻʩչԽϵԹҲ˼£նϱǡ
Ҷ΢΢ü
ֻôļ򵥣
ƺ̫˵㡣
򵥣
Ϲ֮дһĨŹֵĲ
˵ƺΪļ򵥣Ƕ˵ȴǧաŻ֮жܴһ֮УϷҲ˶ѣبŵİ֮УҲֻô޲Ϊ˶ǿߣϷҲҪӣ޷ӲҪ˵ˣ֮£ȴδˡ
ȷʵҶСԼ׵֮ţҲСԼı¡
ʵǱѰΪʲôԼ⿪
ҶͻȻһܰ׳յ⡣
ߣϷʵͨ쳹أӵϵϣǲҲСϷǶֶΣϷεܹ
˵ʱϹȻȻֹ
СӣϷĻ
֮д˿˿ŭ⡣
ҶЦ˵
ȻѾ˵ˣʵǱѰ㱾Ҳʶ⿪󷨣֪ųһж֮˻һ֮Ϊк𣿡
㡭
ϹһƺԶԡ
Сӣܼթ
ϹﻺĿ˵
˴˱˴ˣթһЩ֪ᷢʲô顣
ʱһƬƽ֮С

֮ϹŻؿ˵
ðɣСӣϷȴŻʹþѧ㿴Σ
б˲ռ˵һҶϰļ죬΢΢ĵͷʾͬ⣺
һžѧŻʹ÷بŵʱڣŻĴȻ̫࣬ȴҲԼϷǸʱȴ𽥵ĿʼˣҺϷϲһԭʼ֮ҵһķ
ҶƲƲɣϼһĺ˵˵ʲôϲȥ֮дٰˡ
Сӣϸĵš
ʱһķĿʼӿУزת
ֻǴڶȴ䣬ʱҶ΢΢һ
ѧԵĲѷɫԼġ֮ơԦŻ֮ԵĲ򵥡


1627 
ħת䣬â˸Ӱص
һӰޱߵԨ̫ţǿ֮תĿʼݻ顣
Ϊǿ飬һŵ棬ϵѹߡͷȮ
һħߣϵħۣͷڣϰ׹ǼԴһѩɫãȨȡ
һף˫Ŀĺȴ˿˿â˸ϵ̫ˡ
Ӱ߽ͬĿѹΧĿռ䷢˺
ǵı󣬷ֲ飬Щ飬ÿһ𶼴ŵԨ̫š
Ũ໥ıŷչȴ໥ںϣǿ޷ֵӣһǿҵ𵴣·ĵΪµԼǰһ㡣
˿˿Ĳоʹĵķ˲Ȼ
ˡ
Ĳٴεĳֻ֣֮ϣһʥ֮даŻسֳ
һϵŻŽɫ·ɫ죬ɫʥ࡭
·˸£ⷽԲ׵ķΧͬһֻһ㣬ϵſԼͣΧ
һŻ𣿡
Ϲ𣬵ȴᣬ֪ڶű˵Ļ
֮зǴһĨȡϲ̰ĽĲ
Ҷû˵ʵڵûа취˵ȫ˼ֻԺ֮еһοھݻ
һοھϹﴫڸľѧ
Żľѧ
Ϊ
ʥΪ
ϵǴŻŻΪֶΣγԼı
Сʩչƥ
ǿޣʩչŻٻʥ飬ݻаڣԿ
ΪʱıǨԼأЩѧȻʧˡ
һοھֻһμ򵥵ƿطʽʵȴϼһﾹȻ˽أĻ쵰
Ҷǿ֮˲ıҵеĲ֮вɵЦ
ڵҲûȥûѰҶԷ鷳ԼͷҲֻżȻĳ֣󲿷ֵעǷ׵֮С

ĺ
һξѧʽҪе׵֮֮УʱŻںϽﵽһʷǰĳ̶ϣʩչľѧҲǿֶκޱߵȻ󵽵ġ
ҶţȫľѧԼĻǲӵÿֲǿ
ٻԨ̫ŻӣҶ춼ҺͶԷƴһΡ
ֻҶYYѣԼʵϿٻЩǵȼҲߵȥӵĲҪ˵Լû㱾¡
ںϣ
ȥ
Ҷٴεȵ
⻪תһâ˸
Ҷ廯ף飬һļʱĿʼΧ
ڲһʵʣʵССɫʼýӲޱȣһƵ˸Ҷ񶼷·ǴŽâһ㡣
Ĳر֮ͫĿԲҶڲŨ̶̳ȴﵽһôǿĵزֱǱԪЧҪá
찡ǽԪͷŵڲǷˣһԪǴﵽԪĵز
뵽Щһ۾ٴεķ˸ŨʹĽâ
Ҷ֪Ѿ뷨Իڵһʱ佫һԴһȭġ
뵽֮У·һѵľһ㣬ʵԵЧҶĵһֳʵУоĳ֣ʱҲҶ쿪ʼ֪ԼĻˡ
ȶüһʱһ꿪ʼʥӤƿ¿ʼ
롭
ĬĬؽе
ʥӤ߶һŨ꣬Ѹٵ뵽׵֮ڲ

ô
ԵԵǾͿԻϵлȥˡ
оŨ겨ʱԨ֮еħ͵֮еĶħǷ׷׵ķ̰Ľ
ߡССѣ罻ҵĺá
˺Ȼ֣̫֮ŵϢ
Ҷݲ䣬һ㣬֪ˡ
ߡҹ
ĬĬغУʱϵҵıŷһǿĲһʥӤ
ʥӤҶ춼޷󵽵жôӴ󣬵ȴ֪һֿԶԿ̫һ̶ȵǿڡ
ߡ
һ֮УʥӤ͵ĳ֡
Ȼĳ׵֮ŵڲ
䡱
⻪˸ʥӤԦ̫ʮѪ׵֮ŵڲ
ʲô
˼µĽᾧô˾ᾧ
ҵġ
ϡ
һʼ֣ƲϵĳʥӤץȥ
̫ŵƿ֮У̫ŵҲڷļƺǸоʥӤӴͿֲЧ

ʥӤȻŭһ࣬ȴһϡ
䡱
ֻХ
ӡȭȭ
ޱߵȭһ

ʲôѧΪʲôȾ
ҲبŵĶħ

޴λɷӰ֣Χڰͽâϵı
һȻ˵ֶΣ򵥰
Ϲ֮Խ
ʥӤӵ޷
֮ϵ֮СӵŨ̶ȣȻѾԼ˿һﵽʲôˣֻ𣿡
ôûкã
ţħſڵϣо˿˿ͷţԨ̫Ľϣп಻
ССϣⱦһĹϱı󣬷žƺڵֿǿЧ
һСȴ൱Σ
үʲô

֮ϣ׵֮ŲϵɢӴâһӰҲ漴ŻڲʼͷųԼܡ
ҹ
ҶʥӤĺȵ
ȭʩչһ׻Ӱ֣צͣ˺˵ͷȮһֻԴӡȭǰɫ׵ش̫ʮѪ壬˿ĲҶʥӤǿǣǲǿЧȴ㹻סǡ

ǿӰŭֲѹʥӤһͬһħٳ֣֮дϵ
֮־ٵأﲻ֣
ʥӤҶںһһʥӤ֮ϵٴεںϵһ¡

Ӱ׻ԣ
޵Ӱѹչֳȥ
ɣ
ڣ

ҶһһǬĺ
ϡ
һչֳʱŻ׵ںϵڲ
ü֮Уγһʥӡǡ
Ż׵ںˡ


1628 
ˡ
ϹǴһ־ȵĲ
Ȼû뵽Ҷ쾹ȻôͽԼľѧɹˡ
һʵȻǿ󣬵ȴǺǷ˼ܣһҪСĵӦʵϵСȴעʧܣһźܴĻġңǾѧ֮УźܴȱݣģߣϷȫڻͨ
һ˿ĲӹԼĴ˿˿졣
ϹĲҶȻǲ֪ģһʼͶصϹΪļɵԲŶԷֺ
ȻѾˣƺҮý⿪Ϸϵ˰ɣ
ϹȲ˵
Ҷ˫Ŀ˿˿âƱǣȴһֻʵЧ·ֻΪʵǶѣȴû̫вЧҶҪЧ
һΪܹסϼһһҲ͹ԳԼĵ͵һɱﵡ
ſҲǲܡ
ҶζĿһĿڡ
СӣҪգ
ҶĿʱϹ￪ʼˬɫĺȵ
Ҫᡣ
ڶԷҶû⣬ǵĿڷ
ҲĳҵŻµĴһ飬ʵȴҲֻǶкôҵĺôҲ࣬Ͼǲʲôˣǿʵܹ֮ͨͶԷһȻǿʵ˵ҶĲģ㲻Ҫʵ
䡱
Χһķڡ
žžž
ϸٴεӿһɾ˵Ĳһɲǿ̶㹻ΧĿռ仯ΪһѺۣ˿˿Ƭʹ˵ȥ·ǲһ̬

һƺһ㡣
է֣Щۼϵͣпʼִ̬رô׳Ҫûһ㡣
СӡвϷ򣡡
ƻȴͬˮһ˻ȥ
ֿµޱȴ֮оþõĻطţûгʧ
Ҷ΢΢һ
һʵȻǿ󣬵ȴҶĽܷ֮С
ҶĲ²⣬˵Ϊһͨ쳹صĳ̶ȣǸղϢƺǲˡ
һ֮ǿߣھôõʱ֮ҲȻܵ𺦵ģǾôʱ䣬޷Ҫֿǻʴʵʹǰˡ
һֱڿ֮еԭĿ˵
֪ʱèԼ̫ʮѪһƺǳ׵뵽һֿ޵֮Уĳ֡
ԭˡ
Ҷصͷ
ѹԼĸоϣһȻȴָһǿиɵϢ
в̸ϣֻǸԼһԸõӮȡһ˿ѣ촰˵ǻָˣµùĽǣ
Ҷ˿˵
ˡ
һ绮
ʱⸯ棬һӰ
һӰ˿˿ɷ˫һ˫ͫǶһ㣬һ۶˸оһֲĲϢ
Ҷ˫Ŀһû˿⣬ֻעŶԷ

һЦﴫݳʱһɫǦƿʼɡ
ޱߵг֣Цķž죬һħƺŭ֮Уݳ˾˵ɱ⡣
Сӣܺãᣬȴųеĵʶ˵˶Ϸȴкһλ
֮еǴһ˿ϣʵﵹҲģ˵һλ˲һȻǲʣȴҲ·Ƿ˵ǰ
ҲֻΪԼѡ
Ҷ֮д˿˿䡣
ȴڰԾȶԷϢ
ԷһӰƺ꣬ȴֱӵἸ֡
֮䣡
һԵССͻȻ˵
Ҷ˫Ŀһ漴ĿһӰ
֮䣿
Ϲһ˿𾪡
ǰ֮䣬ƺ൱ıգֻҪ㷢˱֮䣬ӦǷ֮󣬲ȥǣôˣƺǶҲû˿ϰֻԼ㲻Ϊжѣǻ㰡
ССһԴ۾̬Ц˵
Σ
ҶҲͬĿŶԷ
֮䣬һιϵԣڹϵ֮УһǱȽϿµġ
һΥԼı֮䣬Լ˱˵
ߡܺãСӣá
Ϲڵѡ裬Ȿ֮֮Уѡ˺ߡ
ҵġ
ϵķ˸һζεķγһͼͼ֮ζһιҺ𽥵γɣҺƺɫȴ˿˿ħ⡣
Եȫ£ʱΧʼı
ž
Ҷһֻ΢΢һѸٵĽ뵽Լϡ
Գ
Ϸſɣ
Ϲ˵
ΪһλǿߣبŵǿߣȻ˸вһ첻𾳵СϹǽһơ
ɡ
Ҷӡ׵֮Ŵʱʩչ죬ͬڼԦԼֱһ㡣
ʱޱߵ֮׷׵ĵ
ҫĹ⻪ƿһסǾŵ

ŭƺǸоԼסһʼҵĲ
ң
һӰ֡
һӰ΢ȴһ˿ϵ־

һӰ˲䣬Ϲŭ
ʣ㾹Ȼһ־
ɣɣ
Ҷɫ䡣
ָʹһ޴׵֮ţӭǣޱߵϿʼ
һ־ǲʵ־ֻŵѪ֮ѣǿ

һƳ֣ӰʱŻ֮еħħ˸ɾҾŵϵԹҲѸٵʧ

ϹӰ뵽֮УżĲĺ
ϣ
䣬ѺۼУޱߵɷܹ
ССĲر֮ͫϵ˸ĹâɰüëҲĿҶ졣

ü֮Уͷųһâ·Ǿһ㣬ž˸пĿѪ˿ڳֳ
Ϸ򡪡ϣ
飡
ϹһŭһͬʯһȻ貹â·񵶳һ㣬Χ
žžž

ٴε뵽˾֮С
Ҷ˫Ŀ𣬲˸ɺ죬ɺﵽʮףͬĳһ㣬â¶
֪ʱһӰѾҶ˵ǰ


1629 ָѹ֣
һ߲ϵ˼µ
ۣѲֻеߣȫ¶
ССĲر֮ͫ˿ڸǵĴ˿˿ĺ棬ϵĳŶԷȥ
Ϲˡ
СָһĴϸ
ССͬ´½һ㣬Ľ
ʱǲϵһģȻҲССĻˡ
ǰɡǱүĺã㿴Ʒʣϸĳ̶ȣⳤȣȡٶԼĦ̶ϣѡ
ţħ·ҵ֪һ㣬Լţ޿ʼţۣҪôôжôֻϹҶ춼̲סһߡ
ŮССԼǰһŮ
ССĵ
ٴҲûʲôãŲϡ֮ء
Ҫģ㿴ȶȣϼһҪǿĶడ
ţħɲĵԼۡ

ҶûĶţħһš
ԭţħСС̻ˣڿһֱǾ䣬һһﰡ
ոյİϵϹԭΪϲãȴû뵽Ʒ̲סصĿڣ
ߡ
˵ƺǶⳤûϸĻ֣ԴȻҲ⣬ǿļһϹȴЩ
ǱСеһֻħ裬һԼ壬ʵһķ̡
Ļ쵰
źۼĽԼСڸǺá
źݺݵصһԵҶһۡ
ȿȿȡڳˡ
Ϲﻺؿ˵
֮УһµĦ·鲣໥һĦһ㡣
һൽ˼£Ȼ˵ԭͨ쳹صǱϾµģôʱ֮һûбѾ൱ѵ֮ˡ
ϵļһƬƬĴƬѻһһ˸еĵطԿɫĹͷ
ǸӱղŸӵأ·һ̾Ҫ׵һ
Ҷ֪һղʩչͨʱѾԼеһûҲôҡ
ΡΡ߶漴˫ֽӡ
ٵˣʣ㣬ҳ˿ΪסˣѹңͿҳ׵ΪԼ𣿵ӦɱңĻҲĴڣһˣˣ˭Ҳ費סң
䡱
˫ӡǷϴȥ
¡¡
𵴣ӿǲ֪һﵽǴһʲôӡǣȴҲ֪һӡǾԵĲ򵥣֮УϼͬͷųԼʥ
һӰӿĲ㹻˳
ԽԽʢһԪޱߵĲݻһӰӰصγһӰӻ£㵽һ׵İΧ
ǡǴ˵֮еĹֻйϵЧ
СС˫ĿžȵĲ̲סĽе
Ҷû˵˽еĸǳĸ࣬ضȡԪע뵽Լ֮С
ǼˣԷҲûа취ȥĽԼЩʧĶ
ⲢһһϦͿԻָġ
ƤһĿʼ¡ͷϵĲë֮Ҳʼֳ˿˿ĳ
ԭ͵ʱƺͬһήڵõȪˮĲ֮󣬿ʼ׳ĳɳ
žžž
ϵĹ󲨶
Өļʼ֣ƮһۼҲ֪⣬ԷԭָС⣬ٴεĳӯ
öİ
ССٴεķ˸̾
ʱһк߳Ϲϡ
ͷڣƮһ۴˿˿˽һ㡣
˵Ӳʮ꣬Ʋղŵģν֮
˵̬Ȼһķ֮ˡ
ССһ˫ùԲ
С
ţħмƲƲ죬뵽һ⣬ƺǱǮҲСʱһ̲סĸԼţ޿ʼҰο
ûбүĴûбүʱۺ񡭡¸¸¸¡
ˡ
ͷϵľ΢΢˸ʱһֲɡ
һֲµĳ֣ʱҶһ
üĿ񶯣֮۴󿪡
ԭ׵ʥӤԼ˫¶һɺĹ⻪
һֲ̲Ĳ֯ķǿ
ڵĻָ˹
Ϲﻺ˵
ֻҪȥǲʵı֮жһ˿ϷΪ㹻Ļָ߰˰˵ĳ̶ȣǸССĲʳǲġ
һʱ䣬һֵɷڿʼ
ȻѾ˳ƺҲøı˰ɣ
Ҷ˫Ŀϵ̣ǴŽ䱸̬
Ǳ֮İҶȴǲôġ
һԼĸо൱ĲԾǶԷͷһֲ£ɫĲ£ϵɷɭֲ·ʱĶƿգնɱһ㡣
вСӣǸղžȻвϷ򡣡
Ϲﻺؿ˵
ɫݣͬʯһ㣬˸ɭϢƺǸӵĿɲ
Ҷо֮Ĵ
һǼ򵥵Сĵ㡣
ԭаԵҶ죬ӣǴ׼ųˡ
ΧĿռһŤȻķ˸ı䡭


1630 ɽ
ӿУǿֻһ㹻رɫ²ﳼ
ǰϹҶȻ֪ԷʵȴҲ֪˵ʵԵĲ򵥣ԷֶΣԼδֻ֪ǴӸղŵľ֮Уȴĵóһۣⲻһ֮
еĽ䱸Ǳ֮Ҳδ١
ģһﲻű֮ѵ˵Ҫһԣ
ţħķԼţޣؽ䱸
ֻССûûεʱĳΧţһԴ۾棬ǴһƬļ˫Ŀ⣬·Ҷǰʮķ˿Լǵһ㡣
̬ҶĻ˵Ǿڷ
ձޱȣϹ˫ĿҶɺһ𣬷·λ֮ĽȻеƺǸʤ
ܺá
ߵ˫Ŀһﵽӵʱ֮ͻȻĴЦ
СӣܲҺܿ㡣
ϹһĨߣ˵
ףһȻղȻ֮
˴˱˴ˡ
Ҷ쵭ĿŶԷû˿ϲɫͰڴ˵Ļƺûзϡ
ȻĴ̽ƺǸýһԼݰɣ
Ҷ𣬾ؿŶԷ
ǶϷʣ
Ϲһ۾Ϸ˷ƤЦⲻЦ˵
ôĻҵҲѡ񲻾ġ
Ҷ˿õĿŶԷ
ߵԣЦӭˣʵȴ˿˿ĺ⡣
ǲ֮Ųɸıìܣһɣ˵ĳ̶ֳϣǾԲǵˣıԿԵõҪġ
߰ɣǲҪ𣿱һȥѰңȻסô꣬һУȴ൱˽⣬㹻ĵõҪһС
ϹͻȻظĿ˵
Ȼ˼ֿ񱩺԰
Ȼڵõ֮һĸԸٴεһţȻ룬ʵȴǴĿǡ
ǰ·
Ҷ쵭˵
ã
Ϲﲻԣѡ˴·
ϼһԵĲ򵥣õСһ㣬֪˵ʲô·Ǹо˲򵥣ž޴ܣҲࡣ
ţħţ˸˿˿ĺ⡣
Сĵ㣬չ˺СССѾͷ౦ӵĹ졣
ߵĻ໥Ľ˼ѣѡ·
桭
Ƿɡ
һеһУŹϵϢ͸Ϣ໥ںϡ
ߵǰ⿴ƹϵĽȻʼı
һվ֮ؿʼֳΧҲԽ𽥵ΧʼԼĳ˿˿ķ϶
䡱
һҶȻĵ׳ĳԤ
һ𶯵Ĳ
ɽ룡
ǰһоȻһɽ塣
ɽ岻󣬲ʮ׵ӡ
ΧϢȴһɭȻĲ·֮䣬Ⲩǰٶ죬ӦҲԽĿֲ·֮䣬ҶǰǸоΧϢʼı䡣
Ⱥɽʶһʶ
Сĵ㡭
ϹȻĿ˵
ʲôط
Ѿǰ˰֮أϼһһֱû˵ҶԽľ裬ϹĿڣʱĳԼʡ
˵زǲر֮أ౦ߣôıȴõôԶһ˼Ǻǰһ޶ļթ
ɽɽԼСĵ㣬ٺ٣ĻɽȥɲҪԹޱ
Ϲѵõ
ȥ
ССһԴ۾͵ƺǶһ仰˼̫ס
ȥ
Ϲﲻ˵ʵʱҲҪ˵ˣֻһСɽƺǸӦҶ켸˵Ĵһ㣬ȻһĲ
үǲۻˣôоЩɽζ
ţħͻȻţ۽
ҶɫȴȻĿʼ쳣
ʵϲһоϳ⣬ɽڶ
¡¡
Ⱥɽ˻Ҷ߾㵵֮УЩɽƺߵ̬

ѣĵ
İ羢ſµʯ߼˹ȥ
˻
˻˻˻
űϢ˻֡
漴ģʼһĹӰӡ
ƺһ
̲ϵľѪһ˿Ѫͳȴû̬ߵӣȴףҲ̲һ˿ԡ
˵ĺܣѪޱȣһϣ൱԰ѡ
¡¡
ȺɽȻζһĴɽȴ̬ζһӰɽ֮ϣ˵ıпʼǿ

ССͻȻһ¾Ȼһζε١ѸٵĲס˫ȣɫ̾ҪļϿʼȥ

ţħһ˺Щ谭
ߡ
Ҷһ
նʩչѧ
䡱
һʥŻ֮ϡ
׵֮ţ
Żչа񡢹϶ΣյϢΧɢȥ

ʩչҶ쾹ȻŻͬһӷɳȥ
׵֮ǣѸٵ׳Ϊһ̫ŵ񱮣ŻķģÿһķĶĳֳޱѹȴְʥ̫ź֮
̫żǺģȴĺģҶһ׵֮ţ̫֮ŵʵΪģΨٴεĵõһµŻ֮ţµĴһź֮ţҶһ׵֮ŲԵ¡
ˡ
ʥ׵֮չڵѻһ𣬻ûһһĺۼͣ𵴣ȥһӡֶĴһɽ

İѪԹʼг
ߣ
Ҷһʱ֮УһħħƿʼչһֻֻצץסЩɽ壬ȡеҶ׵֮ű£һϵɽһѹȥ˺һӰ
СӾȻһžѧ
ҶʩչϹɫ΢΢һ䡣
ߡ
ССҶ̤߲ٵʩչԼĿռ֮ƶ
оĳһĴɽʵڵԼһƬĵ׵ĲûԼԵûа취ġ
䡱
Ҷٴεĺһ֮ɽƬɺ磬ȴ˲һ
һѣ
ϹͻȻ˵
Ҷûһֻѡһ·Ŀ񱼣Ѿʮ޳ܣ͸ó֣ڵĳȴ·Լһ㡣
Ϲһֻֿٵʩչͨ
ȻؼһĻ谵ϡɼһħӰ֮ϣһֺֻݺݵӡʱ׵֮ϡ
ССɽҲڱǰ

չ·̲޵һ
ҡƣ
һߣһľͷĲӿȥҶһ󾪺


1631 Ϣ
Ŀռ䣬·һƵǰȻʧɫƬ粣һĻɳȥɨ䡣
쭷˴˿ɳơ
Ӱ֮չ֣֮ӵĻ˷âҵ˸
γһУŤĿʼǿա
ҶǸоԼĺʼһļ١
һȻµĺܡ
ţħ˵һţ֮Ѿɱ⡣
ħ̥ħԣһжΪ
һֳĿֲϢѾг˾裡
ڻǳֵʱˣҸоĳղŵΪھǣߣνı֮䲢δʲôá
ⲻܵģû˿ӵ֮䣡
ССϴ޷ŵɫֹ
ˣһжҪСĵ㣬һҲ֪ǵʵҸоĳƺǻڼɵʲôĻҲᰴסôʱ䣬ӲѡԼʵǣѡˣ˵ڶʱ֮Уǲʲôвġ
֮ϣһֲѾ𽥵뵽˵£ԭĴɽǱ˵˵ѳΪ촷ۡ
˵ֶΣ㹻Ŀٵˡ
ǺǣþûгˣһʱĻסԭû˵ǰɣ
ϹЦ˵
һ˫Ŀ֮Уâ˸ӵĴ˿˿⣬·öԼУ޷˿ĵֿ
û£߰ɡ
ҶЦֹȴת˻˵
ɽ֮󣬱ǵĿĵˡ
ϹЦ˵
˵䣬ϱȴһڸǵļȻ漴ֵı֮УҪĶ
Խһɽ壬ʱģǰһĻ
񳹣ϵĹ·Ĵһ㣬ȥֱһ޴Ĺ
ôĹϹѻһȴû˿ļѹӣһ໥Ǣ̬һ
⡭ǡ
ҶʱҲʼʧ̬ˡ
ǧݺĹâӿЩâ޾Ԫһγɵġ
֮ԪȻԹ̶ȣҶƽΡ
ϼ໥ںһ𣬹Ϊһͼ֮໥Ǣ̬ݻΪһ˼ɾ
Ļźܶ˻ѡܵġ
ԪŨ̶ϣķ棬ﶼ֮ѡ
û뵽ʣ㾹Ȼ޽һĹء
ϹЦš
ֻ֮ȴǴ˿˿ʧ䡣
㲻֪
ҶĿŶԷ
ֻǿ̽ѣеĻȴֻ֪ȴֻһĹأδЩɨˡ
˵䣬˫֮УѾͷųصĺâ
⺮âȻأȴҲҶ׵ĿˣаԵĽ䱸֮УҶٴεĿЩ˵
ĹأôΪĹأ
ϹﲻмĿҶ죬ֵһҲʩչʲôǰ֮Уȴֳһ޴ڲ㡣
һʵʻ·һƬյĴһ㣬˸Ĺâһоȫ˳
ǡ
ţħһϴ޷ŵɫʵ廯ľϴݳϢ
֮ϣ֮Уֳǧܵصȥʮ֮࣬Щںһ𣬰ΧĻ໥ں֮ȴϳΪһ״
ǻĹ״ε˳ʼϵһ𡣡
ϹٴεĿ˵
ǵģһͼ
סצβЩ޲ĺܣ֮У۵չ֡
ԲǲʵĹء
ϹΪΣǴһĨʡ
ô֪
ҶĿŶԷһĻ֮Уֿ϶ݲðķ
ߣⲻһļթ֮ļթ֮У˱ƸӵĿ£Ϊ˽ĺܣԼĺˣҲѡԼһȫĽǵģ˵޽ĹأǺܶ࣬ϧⲻʵϢʮ˶ģǴĻǸʮҲ޵ģȴû˿Ϣ
һʱ䣬ַŭΡʧʼ׵չ˳
⣬ǿҵı⣬ҹϵĺܣһ
ССͻȻָһطе
һɫ
棬âתһϵķӡ顢Ůͯȱ·ݻһС
Ȼʮľ룬ȴҲĲеĲжôԡ
ڵϢڵϢ
оһâ˸Ҷ΢΢һ
ⲻʵĹأȻǼٵģΪʲôڵϢѵ˵ĴڵıУ౦Ϊʲô
ССҶ˼ǧѾ˼Ķ
ѵһ
Ϲһ˦Ȼٵĳȥ
̬Ǵ㽫Ҷ˦Լı

Ҷһŭ漴̤߲ٵ׷˹ȥ
ܹһΪ֮ݵĶԵĲǼ֮
ҶѾԼĸоˣԷԼֱ߲ɱ𲽵ǿ
ԼòȴҲԲõ
ҶаԵľš


1632 ڲо
ԦϣϹϴڲͷųĹ⻪Ȼ֮У·û˿ɬһ㣬ɵĻֻת˲ȴѾһ׵̤ȥ
һδε̤㣬ÿһζҪһƬ
Եһ־ѧһֹϵĲǿƣݣһе谭ȫǿеĴ顣
ߡ
Ҷһߣת󽭴ӣľˣ·һƽбһĽâ˸͸⡣
ӰصѸٵĳΧȥ
ꡱ
֣֮ҶٶȱԷ˿Ĳ
ϸӵǿ֡

â˸ߵѾĽ䵽ϴ˿˿ľ֮ɫ
һֳâĴ
֮У˸ǿĹϽâ
â˸ƥͬһſŽɫǳһ㣬ҫ۵ĺܡ
ˮ峺͸Ҷ֮֮Уȴо˿˿첨㲨һ˿䣬˵ıϢȫĺǽɫʥϢ
ˮף·һһӾӳΧһС
û΢磬û𵴣κεһжûУͷ·ͻأĳȴû˿Ĳ
һɫڴλá
һγɣڴġ
һķָΪΡ
Χĺˮȴûһ˿ڽ֮С
ݵľͷǽâ֣ӰǴ⾡ͷ֮ͷųġ
ңңĿȥȴ߼ʣֻ޾ĺڰͷ·ڰ֮Ĵڣȥ̽ȥѰ١
ÿٶȡ
Ϲ￴Ҷ죬ƤЦⲻЦ˵
˴˱˴ˡ
ҶҲһĵȻƺȫûܵԷӰ죬ɺ˸峺
еʱ򣬼þղ
Ϲƺָ
֮ҪǲƴΨдƲνļþգĿʼ£ηηţǺ¡
ߡ
Ϲһ漴ĳǰȻǲȥҶ졣
һ壬ƺû̫ϵģ֪Ͳó־
ţħ̲ס³һؿ˵
һСΪһ֪Ķܶ࣬صĺܣǶڴ˿νһв֪ǱˣҲǻȻδ֪
Ҷ쿴СС˵ŶԷӣҶʵЩǡ
̰С̰ƹĲһ¡
ӿҶ˫ž죬ѾԵĽӡȭ;ȭľУڵ֮γ֮ȵȵʼֻҪһԾͻѡ֡
ߡ
ϹѾ˽ݣҶٴεĿ˵
ȻѾȻǲѡֶġ
һƺԽߣԽ³
ΧĺˮķָΪ룬ɼ˵ߣɢһĲƣ峺ĸо˿˿ͣǾ׵Ĳȴһͱ䡣
ʲô
ССͻȻؽ
ţħţùԲ޷ŵĿˮ֮еΡ
һ߾ߵʬ塣
ʬԭĸʬ渽ŵʬһ޶
Щɫˡ
Щ˳Թĳںˮ֮УźˮζˮڲԵڶȴ˿Ŀ
˵̬һֶϵĸо
ӹڣЩɫ˵ƤЩʬ渽ŵʬҪ͵ĺܡ
Թĳ͵ĿԼǳԹʬϣֵ˿˿Ϣ
һѪ
޻ǳˣѪάϵĸ֮һаѧĻϵѪʧģôʬ棬ѪﵽһŨޱȵĳ̶ϣôʬ壬ÿһλ·ǻһ㡣
Щ˰ǺˣÿһλǾɫȻȫ˭ôĲ̰
ţħһ֮С
Ȼڸо൱˷ѡ
үôʱˣûҵһŮˣһЩֶβпײŮˣһС򣬺ò׵ļôŮȴ޲ģүÿడ
ţħʱĿʼ
ҶûѾȵ̬֮۴󿪡
һ֮ʼ̽
͡
ԭŮͻȻ˱仯
ƺǸоҶ겨һ㡣
һԶԵȻˡ
ˡ
Ҷһľ𵴡
·֮䣬һԶԵƺǱ
ľȻȻû˿Ĳȫĳֳͫ׵ƺǿߣͬһԶԵͫ׶ʧһǾӿȥȴøͿֲ
͡
һ֮һε˲ûȥҶ΢΢һ̲סһ˲
һֻȴĴܽ˺ˮ֮С
ʱһỬۺ֮໥Ħһ
ֻĸо·һһ㣬һֹջ
һɱ̹ǵĸоȴҶд󺧡
ԼƣȻһŮӵۡ
ԷľȻԼȴûĲؿԼ񣬳
Ҷոߵ󣬵ȴҲһݺݵһѡ
ٵĽԼֱ۳
ֱȴþõûͣЪ·ӡԼĵһ㡣
ʣôòпֶΣǧ󹬻ȴ޲ѹһ˵ֶѹⲻʻǸﰡ
ǰϹﲻ֪ʱתӣҶһˣؿ˵
ţħʱȴˬˣԴϹ˵ֵʱ򣬷ڿԼ˵ġ
ѾĲأȫҶðʲôÿүֲ
ţħĲˬϹҲδϣֻǾĿ
ǧ󹬣ô֪ô
Ҷ˫Ŀ𣬿ŶԷĿ˵
ôͲ֪㣿ߣЩŮ˵Уźܶǡ
ĻƺϹﲻȥҶ𽥵ͣЪ
ߡ
װŪļһҶ̲סһ
漴̤ǰ
Ļ̫ˣҶˣߵݵľͷûʲôöĻۻȻȥĹѰұһ㣬ҲôߣȻϽˡ
ﻹһĹأɭ֮ĳӯ
ްӷ𡭡
⻪䣬ռľԼǰһӵʱ֮һٴεĳ֣һΣɵĹ⻪ƽһ϶ʥĽɫڼ˵ǰ
ڣ
ڣ
һʱ䣬Ҷһ٣㵵ĿǰһС
峺Ⱦ߲ϵĻصһʡ
ڲоȻطʣȻ򵥡
Ϲﻺس˵


1633 ű
·֮˵ľ񳹵׵ͨ
ľҪڻһ𣬻һ㡣
ҶƺҪ뵽Уƺǽؼ䣬ﶼԼ֮У޵ǿ
֮޾
ߣ
һջݵҶĶߡ

ܵĽɫ濪ʼȼգҶ֮ȼգ֮ͬΪ֮㣬Ҷꡣ
Ȼ
ҶȻһʥӤٵԼ˫ĿϴŷŭɫΧ档
𡭡
µ̫ʮѪʼŭ
˫ֽӡͬǻɽ緢ǰۣȻı˳

֮𣬶ʱĿʼγΪ޵Ĵڡ
֮־زɶССĹƻ֮ȻҲҵǰ
Ҷޱ·Ƿŭһ㣬쳹
ţħһȻ˹
ССȴһϴ˿˿ʥ֮ʥƽյƤ˿ĲմߣϢף˸ϣһĲر֮ͫƺޱȣϲ˿˿ʥϼϣֵ㺹Ⱦʪȹǽһ˿߸ͷųϢ
ӷ𡭡
ٴεĳһţȴǴССﴫġ
ףͷƥ֮УһϵĽɫͷϡ
С⣬ݣķʥϼ֮ӵʢ˵ĽҪһ㡣
ҶϹǶǰ׳գȻ֪ССԴеõ˲ٵĺô
Ϲϣ˸˿˿̰֮ɫӺ޲õĽССȥȻӶȡҪҵĶ
ϼһȴҲ֪ʱǳֵʱ
ڣΪš
ϣΪϵʱڣ¾̫Ŷ̽Ѱһ˿Ϣ
ǵĴȴӵĹ졣
Եˣ
仰ǿտڰ׻ʵ
ڵǿߣҪȥκεһ˶޷ȥƿأҪɸ˭ᱻϡ
ǻԵɺϣԵǹڵϣͷΣ޷еõԼҪġ
пᡢ˽ޡĸۣ˵ڡ
ʱϹȻ֪СС϶ǵõĪĺôҲȥᡣ
ǵڵСãǳЩبŵϹǼֱմ˹ƤҩҪѵĻ൱ѵġ
һϹŵ飬ϴʥĽâŽɫʥ֮С
Ŵޣޡ
ߡ
һߴССﴫݳ
Ҷɫ䣬ֻССϣȻ˿˿ʺ졣
һǵõ˴У
Ҷ쿴ССı仯ͻȻطӦ˹
ССǶ౦ĵӣӦñڵľѧõҲһ˿򣬵ȴԵڵһ˿УԷǴ㴫иССѡȻ
Ҵð
ţħҲӦ˹
ڵ޳ܣĺǼʱ
ߡ
ҶһѳССٵĳȥ
ޱߡͷǰ

һĪܣ·ؼڷźΪĵطݺݵسһ¡
޵֮Ϊǧ

ҶѪӿ˫Ŀ񣬻µâɿĴܳȥ
һ޴սӰֳݻΪϵս⡣
սӡҰǹӶơһУ޲۳ΪһǹĻȻ֮дһ˿ɷ
䡱
񱩵֣һա
衭
ţħŭ˹ħ
޴ħţӰݺݵһѾ͵һš

ǹϵĽ֮У޾ˮʼΪӰӡ
һλλѾ˵Ļʱ·ҲΪħ
ǵϴԹ޷ڸǵĺ⣬ҶޱȵԼ֡
Щ֮УȻ̫žǿߣʱȻûֲֿȴɴڡ

ХҰ
Ҷ֣ںһ𣬾硢⡢֣ںһ𣬻ӳһȭ

׻ɷ

һצ˺һλѪɡ
߲תһ·û˿ɬٲȻʼֳޱӰ
ǧ֮ıߣֻת˲ȴѾһ㣬Ҷţħٵĳ
ÿµŮˣŮ˶ϻħ
ţħۣͼҪҶǸץסĻǣ˵
һԶԴԹޡʱһײУزȴû˿ջӵĸһĸо
ϻޡ
ҶΪȻĵ˵ͷ
ССʱСһڳ˯֮УպϣϾҶļ飬û˿˺ǵĽâɳ֣ӿӰӣϢϲϵıǣһڶ̬
͡
ҶֽͷŵԼŰ˲ͼ֮С
СԼڿûа취չŰ˲ͼ֮Уӵİȫһ֮УҶҲ̽Լܡ
Ǽһƺǻûг
ţħͻȻؿڷӿĺˮ
ʱĺˮѾԭĹϽݸסˣ˿ûз϶ĺ⣬𺮱ӵĿֲ
ຣģͷǰ
ӷ
ķų֣˸Ӱ֣ڷӵļԦ£ΪĴڣǽâɵ֮ơ
ݻdӡǣһγһľһ㡣
棬һǹģпԼҪĶڷҪȥĺãôĹϹȥѰҵ㱦ĺãһ
һҶ޵ļɵ
ԷѡУǡҶ⡣
Ǿ߰ɣүǿˣôʱˣûҵ㱦
ţħһ˵
Ѿĵ͵ĵ˱˻ԣôҩǽ뵽Ķġ
ʱڽʵҶ̲סҪѾһơ
ǲʶȻˣҪȻ
һŭ𴫳ƺϹҲʼŭˡ
ʱӰһӰſµɱ⣬ÿһ޲ںĴ
ߡ
ǵսҶаԵľ裬漴ʱѡٵ뿪
͡
һɺ绮
ŹϵϢ
ʲô
ţħħ˸¶˾ȵɫ
Ǿı
ɫâͬһǳһһ㣬ʮǹյĺۼ̲ޱߵ
һķɵ
ˡ
ռٴε𶯣ʱٴżâһϵĹ֮ͷ˳
ǡľ
ţħţùԲĹӶʼ˳
ˣ˰ôı
һ֣Բ漴Ű˲ͼ֮й


1634 䱦

ѾҶеΪĿģϾþûһ￪˵ˣһʱĵŲСļ
ôоıϢˣ
ҶԴŲЦ
űȷʵǹűȼϲУҲСȴ˵û̫ôϧϧ
ģ֮оȻȻĸı䣬ƺǶЩı˿Ĳ⡣
ҲѾθҲ̫˵ɡ
ţħ̲סı
ȷʵˡ
һθڣҶҲΪΡ
Щȷʵֻ˵ҪҪȥҳɳΪµޣϾ֮·ôı˵ȴЩСôġ
Ҷڵı١
ϴ˰һѾͬ裬ѩǹһֱߣҶĶΪʼѩǹҲѸٵԼƷʺ͵ȼ
аħһħҶһֱ൱ĺԷԷķҶƽԼİ˿ĺۼǻһ˿˿ķ֮
˵ķϿµٶȣֱɱ˵
ЩҶȻҲҪˣҪű˲ҪıνǺ֮ʳӵеҲô࣬ڹ֮УмȽϰģҲӵˡ
ҶЩȻĿøı
Ǵﴫı
Ҷ֮Ȼر֮ͫĿڲɢĹâȴҲȥжϡ
ҶѰ٣ѸٵҵĲ֮
䡱
߲趯ҶɷϢȵؽػ̤֮ڴˡ
һϵĴΪĹ죬ޱȣͬһʵգ˲񷡣
˭İԵ֮ɢ֮󣬸һڸǵѹ
ˡ
һ
ʱݻΪһɽ
ɽԼɽٲȻһȻ㣬ȴȻһֿµĲ

ҵʼ֡
֮·ǴĳѵϢҶ񶼱ÿʼ
ѾԶĵֿǿ𣿡
Ҷһ˿⣬м˵
䡭
սͷϣһսӰڴˣսֳۣսǹ̤գ˷
ϡ
ǹһ磬ռ𵴣˿˿·漴ռ䶼ҪΧһһ֣ǿռɼγһεİݺۼ
ȻܵǹıȺѹʼı
¡¡
ռѣﱼڣ֮쳹ϡ
޴Ĵɽѵ
ɽĽһ񽣲򵥰
Ҷ΢һ̽
ͬ纣һ㣬һƬռ䶼ʼ
Ӱӿ·һĲӰ˸
ѷߵ𣿡
Ҷ֮̽УȻһץʱһγޱʼۣγһ̬סһɫĴ󽣡
һ󽣣ȥۣȴĳ˵ۼ
ЩۼͬһĻһ㣬ȥƺû˿ĴԣʵȴԽ໥ں֮γġ
ܹ֮ôõʱ䣬ûʧǸӵǿҶвĿʼ档
һɫĴ󽣣޷棬ɲһְԵϢͺصϢ໥ںһ֮󣬷һ൱ǿĵ֮
ھı֮УһɫĴҲ㹻ĳưˡ
ҶΪĸ̾
Ȼһ񽣶˵ô󣬵ڵӴ󲨶ȴ㹻ĸһ൱
໥뵽һ֮УҶǿ϶ԼԳɹĽԼٴεһЩ
ϧڻûʱ䡣
ҶԴϧһ񽣡
͡
ϸ΢ǿռȴһĲѸٵĿʼ仯γһĨӰ
һС
һСָСĹһ㣬ʥϢУȴַ·һʥ⣬޷
ٶȷɿ죬ȴϢҶ֮˵ĺܣҲȥԷĴڡ
õ
ţħ̲סĿʼ̾
һ۹ⶾĺܣһ۾ͿһСĿֲ
ߣ΢֮֮£εĹ죬ȴҲ޷ӳҵĹ۲졣
Ҷ֮дһ˿Ȼ
֮ޱȿֲǿ󣬾ǶԷٵĳ̶Բ
һƵСۣСĿԿСж֮У·ǳһζεѺۡ
оͬһλµǿߣƿһСһ㡣
䡱
أ֮ϣããƺϵĵԵǷĿʼչֳ͵ĽһѸٵĴ򱬡
ϵҫʱչֳ֮ռ֮Уǳ϶޷СȴҲ޷档
˵ƿأҲһɵڵ㣬ȴֻһСͣ£
ͣ£
֣ͬһ٣ϵѹѸٵҰҶĿռ֮ѸٵγһƬ

Ҷһֻ֣Ѹޱȣͬ׾Թ϶һ㣬Ĳ֮£ȻץסһС
͡
ĵͻأĳ֡
ʱĵǷȻҶоԼһʹ
һ̣һָѾնϡ
ѪʣҶȴû˿ı飬֮УڲСеľԽǿ
һĵȻ˵Ŀ£·ĵѷɫԼаħ
Ҷȴ֪棬ǶѵľǶԷ
Լаħ֮£ԵǾ޽еĵز
ȻҶֻǽаħһѣȴԸоаħԵĲ򵥣ֻԼ޷ӳԷʵˡ
¸¸¡
һСҶ֮󣬶ʱһЦ˳
ֻţħѾģֻţӲϵĲ̤һıĶݳЩȻĳ
˵ЧҶһ
Ǿӱշˣ
оʵĺܵۡ
͡
ҶҲӿԼٶȣ̶̵һӵʱ䣬Ҷ첻ϵʩչĽĴշˡ
ϸϸЩҲŶʮĳ̶ˡ
֮УҶ쿴Χ൱̬üͷ
ǸоһƺΪĲԾ
¸¸¡䱦ҩݰǴүģǴүģԺҩ꣬һ꣬һ꣡
ţħǵٴεĴ˳
ѾľȻʼѰһ

Ȼһŭ𴫵ݳԵޱȣƥϢ


1635 ֮
һǵʲô
Ҷֹ
漴Ӱ˸Ҳ˲õȥѰıˡ
̤߲ٵ˸˼֮󣬱Ѿһŵ֮С
һŵҶļһȫĲһûҲûνĵҩݣеֻһͼ
һͼͼǵΧǽϣ΢΢¡縡ȻǼٵģҶȴоһֵ·һǻʵ
ϣ·ߣЩ·ɫɫɫȵȵĹâ໥֮УһѸ١
Ҷ㣬ٶ㣬ٶ㣡
ţħŤԼţΣҡţβϵĶš
ʱһЩ·м䡣
ͬСɽһֲĺɫ׵磬ϵĳ֣һɫ׵磬һǿҶϢƺ˸Ϣ
Ȼıըڵϣ˷ǱѰıըЧ
ˮӿߡ
ߣԦ󽭴ӣһɲĹ
ٶȿľˣԦˮѸٵĳţħȥ
һӰӣЩӰеϵ࣬һǵµħе֣ľˡ
һ֣ȻԴⱾϵ
ţħѾǱޱȵĶĽ
ʱǽһԹ
ԹҪ֮УȻһѾѰţħ˵ȻΪĲˬ˺ݺݵضǽĻһš
ԭʱһžԵĿԽΧǽڶ׵˺ѵ
ȴһһһų֡
ǻͼȻͬ˹һ㣬ٵŤıǰתĿ̬

Ҷĳ֣ţħ̲סķ˼е
ʱħҪγʵʣǺɫʵһ׺صһ㣬ʩչݻΪħţ
һΪ˴ҩ֮ٴοʼ˸ı䡣
ƺҲһ൱õĻᣬϵȫķӳ˴ҩڽȫǿ񱩵ζ˵úõϧһλɡ
Ҷһ̾˵
䡭ϧϧðүľа
ţħ
߿裬һ㹻׳׵Ȼı
ҵĺɱţħƨϣʱһɿ֡
Ҷ춼һҪĳ嶯
ҲļһȰ
ţħٴεıҶ졣
ΧϵǿţħٶҲʼӿϵһصӵĿʼ緢ȥ˿˿ķġ
ħ̥ҲһֹǴ䣬ȴϡ٣ҲȻγɡ
ǵѪ֮УȴĳִаĴڡ
ִУǵĳɳʼ𽥵ĳɳǿ
˵ڣţħڵٶѾҪγһ⣬һףһ磬Ѹ֮дſµĲ
ⲻһֶܹﵽЧ
ڵĿʼ𣿡
ҶЦ˵д˿˿ο
ү
ţħڴһᣬеʼٴεľۼǿеתǿʵħţӰŭţ
衭
ţħޡ

ıƶʱγɣӴҪضʼһ

ӴħţӰţħƿ£ĲһƬ׺ߵĻ˺
ˡ
ٴεĿһƬĻͼţħţ綾߰ħ⡣

ţӲ̤ȥȻĽһƬƬĿռ֧顣

ԭϲõҶ죬ͻȻ˫Ŀ
á
ٵ˸
һһȻг·̲޵İ
վҶǰԲҶ쾹Ȼǧ׵ľٴεķء
ǵҶ֮ţħѾ˳
үˡ
ţħڵĴ˵
ܶ࣬޷õġ
Ҷ쵭˵
˵䣬ٵĽӡ˸
һεķӰֳ
Ӱն裡
䡱
Ƿ޵ӰֲȣŽ׳Ĺ⻪ǰȥ
Ҷţħٵĳȥ
ô°
ţħĽе

һݳʱĿռһŤ

ıƲľ޴ĩһ
¡¡
ʼݣǷԲʮ׵ķΧͬھʷǰֻһ㣬Ȼ
׵硢桢ɽˮӰûʼϮȥ

һ֣ͬĩհ֮ͷų
ʲô
һţħɫ
֮ǻ֮û뵽û뵽õһʳȻὫԼӱ
Ҷ૵


1636 ս֮һ
ˣ
֮䣬γ֮Уޱȵض£ڴں֮С
ȴʵʣ֮Աھ򵽵ġ
ɽڸˮ顣
ıˡ
⳾֮䣬ΪҲԴڵı˼ĵʳ
ʳҪڣҪˡ
Ψǿˣſʳܹʱڴˡ
Ҳ˻ʳƿǣϵѰԼĻʳӶԱ
ʳγһͳһĳν
ʵϣֻеһ֣Ҳзɽȵȵ˵е
ѹⲻʳܹ£ȴûжϾԼĸǲȻʧˣȴǸԼĺһβĥĴڡһŨĻ֮ػУǱ˷ûⲻʵ˸޷뵽ȥǧʱ䣬Ҳల£ʳɿԴ䣬۲ŴԣӵĿԽʳʵӸȥһǿĲϡ
ҶϿʼ𽥵ıЩᡣ
ʳĸڣ˵ܹȵĽ㶨ƺһޱ飬Ǹʱƻ֮͵˺˲ʳһߺߣǸӿȥɡ
ţħڵĴϢ˵

һĻ֮ʼ֮źƴƥϡ˫ȵȵĲݻĹâ㹻Χһпռ䶼˵ѹ
֮Ѿͨ飬ڵҪѹסҪֶεġ
Ҷ쵭˵
˻
뵽˸ղԼһĥޱǱΣţħҲ̲סһ
仰˵ĵǲ٣֮ôõʱ䣬֪ĲģҪĲһ׵顣
׹Ĺâ·Ψһƻ
ʢĹ⻪ӿʥٲȻһҪﳹ׵ѹ̬

һ⾳о⾳֮ҶɫҲʼ仯
ⲻһλ֮涯ֽţеĲԼҸоһλ֮ͨ飬ǲһµһĴڡ
Ҷʶǲʵ̬ԷͻɷĶԿ֮УԼ˾ȭ
֮֮УҶٴεĸо˶ԷϢȻΪԼĺˣⲻʻǽһԼ־
Ȼ־ֻһ˿һƣǲɷϵǣԷǿͿֲ

һХݳ֪Ϊʲôо˶Էһ־֮Ҷƺһ޷ŭ
һβĺ
ȭ
ԭˣҲ𣿡
Ҷﵭ˵
ɷľȭȻҶ컹ֻеһ㣬ȴҲеȭ⣬ŸоⲻʵϢ֮󣬾ȭȭ⿪ʼˡ

ֳһһϵ־κε˶޷ȥֿġ
簪ޱһʥʹĽͷų
˸Ȼѡ

籩γɡ
ӵչֳǿ󲨶ҪΪ֮
ޱϢĴ
ðɣҲ𣿡
Ҷо֮ϵϢһ˿⡣
ιιιһֻҪ뿪ͻҳ˯ģѾĲķϵԷɣ
ţħһ¡
ȻʼʱҲȽͬѵ
ڸо˲ʵϢ֮ȴ֪ⲻʳ˻޷նϵġ
ǿδء
ѾγһƬе籩Ҷﵭ˵
䡱
͵һҶ쾹ȻĳһƬķ籩֮С
ҡ
ţħ̲סĽ
Ҷ쾹ȻĽȥһﻹĴɣ
ҶȻǲģ൱Ρ
һ֮˵ˣֺγĲǽԷԼĶء
䡱
ƺǸоҶԼ硣
֮ʱĻûΪһ
ףģ·Ǳɱԭģϣ˸һâתһ㣬ΪӵŲʵһ˿־ϵĿڶԷϣ߳ɱϡ
񱩣˲佫Ҷ
䣡
޴ʹ˳֡
ֲʵʣһſŵ̬Ҷɱ
ۻȭ
ԷȻŲʵһ־
һֱҪľѧ
Ȼֻǲʵһ־ǲʱϾبŵǿߣʵ죬һ־㹻ĺء
ߡ
Ҷһ֮һһɿֲɱ⿪ʼγɡ
׻ɱ
ɷǰ׻
Ҷõ˾ȭȻеĵʱҲʼſԭԼϤİӡȭʼݻȭ

ײһ𣬷貵

޴İ׻Ӱֳ
һӰͽ߰׻̬ȴǲ˲١
ǶԷĳ֣֮䣬һһʽ޲̲һ˭İԵӰ֣ڱ㡣
ƮˣӾޱȵǿᡣ
ۡ
ҶһУݺݵײ˳ȥײʮĹϹ


1637 ս֮

ҶڵĴϢš
ǲʵһ־
ֻһΣȴҲﵽǿĳ̶ȣȻʵǷ
ʱҶ죬ϵѪȼգѪȾ죬ճϣˮðϵӣȥΪǱһ˫ȴƺǸӵ˼֡
ǰļһҶû˿ˮһﲻ֣

ҲһǷöҶѾĺ
ȭأ
׻ҡβצ죡
һһʽĪɷˡ
أҶ챳һ׻Ӱʼ
׻ȻΪĴ֮ףǲǰ׻ޱҪС෴ǣ׻֮ûдﵽ̶ȣ˵ı˳̶ܴΪ׻޵ϡ١
ţ׻ޣٵʱȻֻһֻ
һֻ׻ޣȻҲλĴ޵УǺεȵĿǸ͹˰׻ǿ

ҶﻢХһ˾Ȼǳ֮ʼ֮ϴ䵽Ҷ
ǳ֮۳ΪʵʣҺ壬ȴû˿䵽ģȫȡˡ
õģ
Ҷ߲ٵ˸һֻצݺݵץ˶Էȭӡٴεǰ壬һֻԵͻȻһ㡣

Х֮಻̤ڶԷǰҶŭ֮һȭ˶ԷķĽɣ

ڵĴϢţҶϵĺˮʣսǿߣҶȴҲûио˵ƣ롣
⵹һ֮εǿ⳾֮䣬ǿҶҲġ
һ֮棬۵ǲʵһ˿־ǴĲҶһһʽ޲һ־ѹ½еġ
ңڵҶʩչֻһȭȭ߲ľѧûһʩչġ
ҲҶȫʵ˵һս൱ơ
ˡ
ռ΢΢һǱɳȥĻ֮һƬѹ֮߳
֮ʵģΪ̲ǲʵһ־ôʱ֮󣬲ŻػʵʣǾǱҶ˳ȥȴҲû˿Ѫ
ֻǵٴεĳ֮Ҷɫȴø

ȻӰҶǰ
һӰۣϵһ

ţħ̲סĽ
Ӱӣÿһ𶼴Ѫ緢ʥ˸һԶԵ˫֮У˸Ĺ⻪ɭȻ絶
ޱȡ
͡
³ֵһӰȻ˫Ŀҫ۵Ĺ⻪
һӰлϵĵ
һĿض׼Ҷ˲䣬ʱѹʼ֡
о֯һγε񽣽һ㣬ΧʼѸٵΧ
סҶ塣
䡱
ѣǬתһʱ䣬Ҷ׻ĸоʷǰѹ
ϢǷӵİԵޱȡ
ŵĲ֮УԵһ޷ܾİԵϢ·˭ǵҾܾϵѹ
ӰȻôվţȴͬһ㣬ԦǺӣϰ˻ģΨҶ
һִһְĴûпȥȾȻ緢ȴΪ֮
ԵȴȻ˹ĲȫѹҶ壬Ҫ˶Ҫ׵ĸһ㡣
֮ȻٴεķָһӰӣ˭Ӱӣ
˭ܹ˰Ե͵ϣ
ʣ
ŶԷ֣·ʱƿգ޵̬Ҷﻺ³ĸ֡
ʣ
Ψ˲ŻǿĲ
򣬵һۻʣΨһκεһ˶޷֮Կ
ⲻʳȻŻӣȴûһܹļԦʳ
˾ŵڣȴҲ޷ϣⲻʣΪ֮еĵһΨһ
Ԧ򣬹ռͳǧս
Ǹ̵ʫ裬ϵķǣţëĽ֮ˣ鲼ĵط
ܹﵽ˵ĳ̶ȣ˵ĸ̣ǿֶκʹڵķʽȻһ˿󵽵ġ
˵ĸ֮ҶҲʼһʷǰѹ
Ҷ֪ǰһӰӦñǴӻ֮֮гֵһ־
Ȼһ־ʢȴޱǿ
˻֮Ժǲʵһ־ˮһ㣬ӵǿ֡
еᣬһ־ܹӻ֮֮ͷųǴڵʱҲ̫
ݵʱ֮УҶ˼ϵѹҲȻһ
ˣ
Ҷһ㶣̲ס뷨
Ǻܿģϵĺëһ
һȭͷǰ
ȭͷֵĺεͻأͷ·һۣԼǰû˿ϢҲû˿ĲӳҶû˿˼ᡣ
һȭŹϵϢǴİ˺ĵĹϣ֮С
㡭㿪
Ҷдĺ
ԷĿ죬Ѿ󣬴Ժ嶼޷ݵʱ֮ӦеķӦ
嫣һڱԦһ㡣
󿪴֮䣬ϵȭѾҶ졣
ϵļ⣬ǿֲȭ֣ò
ģһ𣿿㿪
ţħĽе
Ȼ֪ʱҶ첻ܣȴ޷ȥ֣ΧһѾ䣬Ƴ֣κεٴν뵽ս֮УǲݵΡ
ɿֲѹҶķƽһĸӦĵףһȭԼѾݳֻĿһһ㡣
ȴڴʱѸٵĳֳ»ˮƽԺ֮Уľѧʼгֳ

һХ
Ҷ˫Ŀ֮УεĹ˸

ȭȻ֡
һȭϵҫɷѣʧɫ
أΨҶ
ˣǻɷγˡ
ȭܹԡΪеİԵͷʵĴۻȭӵ͡
һǰҶɺ챬û˿һ̣һ׻γɵ˼£ɫĳëƮ
һԻĿӵĿŶԷҶļԦ֮£֡
䡱
ȭȻײһ
ۻȭȭ
־ѧ֮վĻٴεˡ
޾ȭըǿֲı֣ҪΧһը顣
֮ʮùŵĴΪޣ͵̬оޱȡ
ƣ
ңңһȻͻأĳ֡
Ҷ죡
ţħţ¶˾ϲɫǿֲȭ֮ȫѪģһţ֮ȴֻϲá
һҪˣ
Ҷ񱩵̬ţħЦ˵


1638 
ʱҶ죬ͬǷһĲơ
Ѻ۳ڼϣһǺۼ߰ߵӣ·һ龭ǧʴʯͷһͷѩʱޱȣ趯ϵҲգɫҲգǸɺԵĴһ㡣
һʱήӡ
пᣬޱȵĲпᣬѪϵĴ֮ʪ˳ۣȾѩ
һεļײҶ쾭˳󵽵ĥѡ
Ҷ˫֮Уȴǰδеļ顣
ĵĹâ˸С
һ̣ҶȻܵ˲пĿ飬ľȴһµĲΡ
£Ҷڵдա
ֵӰҶսȻıŷ
սɣ
ɷˣŨķ·Ҫ
Я˿ֲȭȻıҶľȭչ˳
һȭѵǳһ㣬Ȼը
ѤöµľǸһ޷Ŀ̬

ҶӰ

һֻ̤㣬ĽԲǧ׵ĵ̤飬óʼӵݺݵ³ʮףγһƬشӡ
һ̣κ˶޷󵽵ľʹγˡ
ն
һȳ֡
Ϣ
һȣȴԴݳ
ǶӰʼˡ
Է⾳Ĳ
һֻ֣ƻˡ
һȻûַһ壬õ
͡
ռը֮һеޣıնϳΪ촷ۡ
׷ը촷ۣȻĳһֲĵâͬǾȻ˺һ͵ЯҶնȥ
ȭ˵
ȭڵâ֮С
ء
Ҷη壬ѪȼգϵѪ·ˮһʣ˵ٶȣҲֻӵľ˵ķ񣬷˳ˣԵûа취ȫʢս
ž죬ҶȴоԼľһγȫʢľ档
κ˶޷󵽵ӴѾϴ˳
ܣޱȵĿܣⲻϵһ־Ҷսﵽ۷塣

ҵײһ
һ̣Ҷ챳İ׻ӰѾʵʣһԻĿԲŭֻצѿռ䣬ǲӰѹâ֮У⻢צѾԷ˺Ρ
ۡ
ҶһѪҲù
͡
䴫һ緢
һӼʼжϵĺۼ
ĹʱĿԭϾĹ棬ʱѾơ
ղŵһޱȵĿ£Ŀֲߵײ֮£ҶҪ
ľ֮ϵ̲Ҷٴλָ
˫Ŀ֮У⻪ʤղš
䡱
һȭɱһȭǣһȻİԵ֮ĲݵĺԶ·Ҫȫںһ㣬޷ǿ󲨶ʱķ
ʮ죡
ǽҪҶĻ֮ڴʱȻѡ˳֡
ݣ޳ܰ
ţħĽ
ҶԸһѾ൱ǿˣʱ򣬶Էȴٴεѡ˳֣Ҷľرøӿֲ
¡¡
һƲʵ־ƺҲÿ̤㣬ͬܵ󵽵̤ƣͬһαһ㣬ĳȥ

˲ѿķ϶һض˻谵
Ҷȴ֪ⲢϵĻ谵෴ߵʵ̫ķޱȵǿᣬȻص߽ضסһ㡣
ɣ
Ҷȵ
ͬһʵУ㹻ʮصĲܿʼѸٵĴ˳ȥ
ǿֲıǲѷɫڶӰĵЧ

̤㣬߲תһ̣Ҷľ۷塣

һ׻Ӱֳŭ˫צ磬ؼ춯·ҪȫĴһ㣬ķ籩ѾγС
ս
еս޾ҶеŭͶԷݺݵײһ
Σ֮Σ
ޣ
ȭϵĴڣǲҪİ׻ޣأ

Ҷ廯һâһ㣬γһֱһӿٲȻҪԷ׵Ĵ顣
ۻȭһһʽ޲̲һְԵһֵİԵ
ȭȴڴؼһУԷӿֲ
¡¡
ײʱռ䶼ƺȻһ١
һ̣ޱߵľף㾲֮Уһֳ޷󵽵Ĺ죬·һ˲䶼ȫİﶼһ̱

ֻڻɽ緢ǰľףʱģޱߵıٴεĳ֣Ƶﵽһ۷ľأ·ҪﶼҪѹסһ㣬ֲֿκε˶޷󵽵ľˡ
һĵѣ漴ĻΪ޵Ŀ
һĹŵĴ򱬣γһķ档
˵̬ĩհĿ¡


ҶӰսڳ
׻ӰӶצÿһζҪԷĻӰı֣ȴҲ˵ĺۼ
ҶѪɣϰ׹ǳ֣˺ۣĿģǰһ޴ѪѪѪǰ׹ǱĶ
ձѪȾ죬ʪһ˫Ŀȴ·û˿ʹһ㣬ôĿ񱩡
ۡ
һֱֻۺݺݵش͸ҶĻӶ顣

Ҷŭϵʹ࣬ݵ˴ԣʱγһֿµͷ
ۡ
˫ȭ裬˺ǻ֮壬ΪΡ
ۡ
һѪ
Ҷ챻Ļɳȥ
Ҷеһֻ۾ȴ¶˾ϲޱȵ¹â
ľȭڴʱתһǰӡȭ
һ򻺻гֳ
žžž
ϵļķĲⲨһ࣬𶯡
һô£
ţħҶ죬ȻоĲԾ
ǣӡ
໥ںһҶһޱ̬
䡱
̫һҶڵ̫ӡǷתͨ׷׵ں̳֡
ǻ֮˫Ŀ֮ɼĳֳҶҲ¶˿ĵЦݡ
ƻָָ֮У𽥵ĿʼָҸʤղš
ԵƥΪ
ɷ䣬֣Ϊ
־ȭְӡȭ߻γһ̫̬

Х໥ӭϣγһֽܵϵһ̣Ҷ쳹׵Ķ
ɱ
ĺ
ķƹϮ
䣡
ӰȻײһ𡭡


1639 Ͼ
棡
޾ķ档
Χһйŵ֧飬ǿΪӴĹŵڣҶӰսĲϳѾĻһ

ҶڵĴϢţϣϵѪʳ˫֮УɭȻİ׹©ϵıȴΪļͿġ
ӰʱѾɢ
ǲʵʣȴҲһȣҶսϵĳȥߵҲڷɿļҶ֮ѾĴĳ޷ˡ
ԲķΧߵս֣γڵķ̬˵̬ҶЩȡ
ʤˣ
֮һ־׵ʧ֮Ҷﻺ˵
УٲʤүҲñǸˡ
ţħƲƲ͵˵
ղŵսǻˣٶٿ죬ûа취Ķ㿪ȭıŷҲ˺ۡ
ߣȥⲻʳ
Ҷãǻ֮ѾҶˣȻأѾһѰֻҪҶٴεĽ飬ⲻʳȻ˲ȴҲ㹻ܵĴˡ
߰ɡ
ţħʮĹҩѸٵĻָ
ҶȻƿֲ̲֮֮£ޱǿ
һεǾþõûа취ͻƵĴ첻𾳾ƺٴεɶ˲١
ҶиоԼٴεսĻԼƾϵսʽ뵽̫žľ֮С
ҲҶһ뷨һYYˡ
Ȳ˵ɱεܹˣҶҲûа취֤Լ£ȥʵһҪ
ңɱɲǼ򵥵飬ǿߣҲġ
Һãһ־Ȼֲȴƺ֮澭ʱ̫ˣԷͼҪɶԷŵһһ־СȻһǸ㲻Է
Ҷ뵽ЩвЩңԼȫ򵽵ҶҲš
̫һԼǰȭȭĴڣҶȴʼޱǿ
ʵҶҲ뵽еԭԼǰ֮УЩ̫ȭֻͽ߻ӶѣֻʽȴûӦеϣȱϺԣʹһȭ׵ʧȥԭ
ЩˣûԼġ
ϧǰʵ϶Ҳһ˲õ
ҶƲƲ˵
ĳ̶˵ĻǷɹҲ֪Ǿǻġ
ţħм˵
ȥɡ
ҶãûмƽһΪ
Ȼ֮ѾˣȻҲûзˡ
Ѱҵһλ֮֮Ҷƻһն£ʱһĨֲĲһζεĿµγһ壬ףĺɱ˵¡

һɵĽâʱ±ڶڰ̬ͼȥ
ҶһѾ׵ĶϾ˶ԷֻǶݵļ֮䣬һѾޣγһƬ֮ء
ɼģΧһ˲ʧȥԭϢؼԪһʧأֵҰ޷ƿء

һСʧȫʧ֮䡣
֮ϣǾ޴Ļ֮ӰĽâʼգҶ̲סһָ̾
֮ٸǧʱ䣬½Ὣʵһ־ںϣʱӵԼı壬ӴɣɾҲ򵥣ҶȴԷʱġ
ǧʱ䣬ⲻʳ»ᱻӴΪʷǰֲȻǸʱԼû˿ĻȥͶԷײˡ
ʹ
ʹڲ֮Уüⲽ
һ࣬վŹϵս
֪Ϊʲôһֱо·ŲõҪ
ʲô飿Ϊʲôñʵ޷İȥ
ӵ˵
ͨһ뵽һľ֮ⱾϵԼƿأﵽһ޷󵽵ĵزţȻ޷ǲʵĸɾͣȴҲﵽزѾԹͨء
һЩµ֮ǰҲһԤס
׵ĻʹϿգȻĳһ
ʹ֮УĻ֮ۿɼĿʼɢ
ǡ
ӵ̲סĽһ̣еıɫ


1640 

һĽĲʹ֮дݳ̲޾ʹͷǿµǴ̵˲֮ϡ
Ʋ㱻ƿγһĨµ˺Ѻۼ
ɢΧʼɢ󴫱֮أݵ˵Ķ֮УǿʹĲˣҲѪ
ϴ޷ڸǵķŭԹ֮ɫ
һֱǿԳɹƿԼ񣬳ɹƿԼκεһˣ޷׵ķŭΪһҲҶ飬ȻҽԼ¸ˡ
ЩǰһУȴ㲻ʲô
֮ϣĻ֮ʱȻʼɢļ
֮ۼλĺŲʳˡ
˵һĪҪڣκε˶ɽ۵
ڣֲĻ֮ȴڷɿɢôܣôܣ
ӵȴҲоԼһķ
һſ棬ʱļֱҪγˮ
ǡ
λս޲¶˾ɫ
֮УżλϵǵݷǷӶҵЩˣƹࡢ࣬Ҫƽһҿˡģ
ʵȴˣЩ˵Ϊֻͨ׵Соȶѡ
ڣڣȴҲ޷ˣ֮ϵı仯ǵڲǵڲ
һλɿݣͬһΡΡԼָָգ۾ùԲݺĺ
ʳɢǻ֮ƻˣȫް
ģ˭ϾһʳĻ֮Ҫǲʳ𣿡
һλϼһҲ˵ĺ
˭˭أ
ӵﲻϵĺ
ȵʥ鰡ⲻˡµѾ޷ǲʳܱ˵裬ɱ
һλսԼ壬ĺ
ɱɱ췭ظ˭Ҫɱ
ɱ
ʱĺء
ӵɫ𽥵Ŀʼı䣺
ɱҪɱðҲʳ֮ˣҲôλ׵ıҶңЩ壬Σȴ֣ң֮Σ
˵ʱӵȻߣ
ڲʿԿٳԼĻʳҲԣû˻֮ʽῪٳԼԶ޷λǿԸһ𿪱ٳȫµļԪ
ɭȻĺ
Ը׷ӣɱأ
ڴ˷ԣһҪس׵ڱӵǰҪҲʳ׵ڰ֮УΪͳƿߣ

죬ӣ
ӣ
ǲʳļɻ䣬ⲻʳʷϣҲһζѣһΣǧѪƯ£һʱ䣬ɱ¾𾪡
ˡˡ
һʼ쳹
ǹŹ֣ʼܵǽǼʱѣȴ˲Ĵգ·Ҫһ㣬رɫǳﳼ
һֳѪɱ¾
ǿǣ׷׵
ӣ
ǿߣ޲ʼ¶˾ɫ
µΪʲôʱˣ
һλ뷢׵ߣ̲ס¶˾֮ɫŽе
ǿǿʼ뵽˹ӵĴţ֮У峤ƿǣ׷׵ľۼɫ޷
գһ𣬱ޱ
ɱϢ˵޷Ȼ
һ̣ӶҪսˡ
ǲݵĽ֡
ӡɱ¾
ǿ߷׷׵ĸ̾
Ҷȴ֪ԼľٶԭҪӵĸ׵ĶϾȴû뵽ǣһȴӿʼӵķ
Ҳ뵽ʳĻ֮Ȼᱻʷڲʹ֮С
֮ڲ
Ҷţħվһ۷壬ԶԪϵӿ
ǧķɢ˾˵֮ĽâǺˮһ㣬һƬռ䣬һʥӰ֣ӰıŷһƬâڸǵشš
ضķӡʣΪĴ󽭴ӡ
ͷǰ

ķ֣ããĽɫ֮У޾ʥ࣬ʥڲȴĿԿ޾ɱ¾Ϣڲӿ
ÿµڡ
ţħµ˵
ڣţħΪ˽ġ
Ϊħ̥ħʩչҲǷǱѰħ
ڣڼʥ˫еӵĴʥĲԾڿţħΪļɵ
Ÿƨôʱˣ㲻أ
һŭĺ
֮УԼĿԲһ˿˿ƣ롣
ϹôʱˣȻûаѶԷ
ţħƲƲɵ˵
һﲻ򵥣Ϊѹʱֶ̫ξԲһĶ֣֣һΪʲôҪط
һƬӿҶ˵
ɫڹٲȻһʥϢ޾ĲǹߣϴؼĲ֮
һķӣٲȻΪµĵˣÿһεķţĪҶ쿴֮󣬶̲סĸоͷƤ顣
뵽Ů˵ʬ塢ķţԼֿµֶΣҶԽĺ
Ĺŵ٣Ϲȴ˵Լֻ֪һطҶȴԸоĳ϶ϹҪı
һرҪûԷҲķ˼ͶԷӲ
ıڶ࣬ҩ࣬ҶǺıϹԵĿϣǾ˵һԵǶڴڱصá
ϼһ￿Űɣǳ뿪ĻһûģҸоһﲻ򵥣Ҿű֮ѹƣҲδܹöԷسŵ
ħɣţħȻҲˣĻȴδûе
Ҹоĳ֮ﲻ򵥣ʹ϶ΣķϾնĻ֮ȻԵĴʱȥڱ¶翴һﵽΪʲô
Ҷ컺ؿ˵
ʵϣҶ컹һԭû˵Ǹо֮ƺǺԼ֮һϵоǺǿҡ
ҶΪĺ档
ֻһȻҲͼñ㣬ҿ
䡭
һֲĺ֡
ֻ޾ˮĴɵ֮ϣһӰٵıŷȥǣһӰ
˫ȭסȻı˳
һȭȥʱնΪ֮촷ۡ
޴ˮһȭˡ
䡱
ˮһӰĴ©˳
ĳ֣Ҷɫȴ


1641 زض
䣡
ޱȵı䣡
·һ˲ʱ̣ضʼò
ֱ䣬޷ĸоһǿĴݲС
һ̣Ѿǿеĸ
֮ϣһɫӰӾվС
ǿĳȴκεһֶҪֲ޷ĸоնʼ
Ҷ˫Ŀɺ죬·ʵһֲͿ£վ˷·ͬһһ㡣
֮еĺӰ˵ٷ·ǳһƬĺڰ֮У˸޷͸ݣһɫģһɫڻתţÿһεתǳֳ˿˿ƺۼڲ
̬ƺΧϸϸĺۼڲϷ˺ѵĲ
˵̬Ҫ˸оԼĺʼ
ǿһУ
ҶΨһоĶ
ţħʱֻȶڲɸоᵽϢ
ࡢѪȡ
һ˾ȻԽЩȾŨǸһ޷뷨
ʲô
Ҷ죬ţħ̲סĲе
Ҷû˵ʵҲڲһ˫Ŀâɺɫâ׵磬ʣڴ˶Է֮һǿķ֮ȴϲ
ַǱԭĸǿͺڰҶѪʼȼ
ϹﲻϵĶţһ˫Ŀ֮зǴ޷ŵӣ
ôأôأ
޷ţȻһҲ޷ԼȻһ
⵽ʲô
ҶûĿϹĺ
֪ʱǳֵʱҶ϶ڵһʱ佫Ѿĸ˲˺ѵġ
Ȼ뷨Ҳֻ뷨ѣûǿԽ㶨

Ϲһ

Ҷţħ
ȫû뵽һﾹȻǵôֲĶ
ǵģ
ϹҲ֪⻹⣬ѡٴεظһ顣

ȻǶ
Ҷţħ໥һۣǴӶԷ￴˲
ħһȻһϧǺ߿԰ǰߣ߿
νĶһ̬
֮ˣ֮УǶصͨȻزӴ
ǿʼնϵأͨ
֮У̬ҪҪ
ܶҲΪ֮УΪضħ
ħԵҲԵѡ
֮еһħǿǿ󣬵ҪҲûа취ħҪſȥŶſԳɳ
֮УħɹҳΪһǿߵ˲
ûħͨҲ޷ȥġ
˵ħġ
κΣǰһӰȻһζҶ졢ţħ̲סó޵Ϲ
ģĺҪҧǰһﰡ
ִ棬ӵǿ󣬸ûа취ȥԿǱħ˵ʧȥԼȥҪԳһ塣
Ҫû̫ķġ
㾹Ȼһ
Ҷ̲סĶϹس˵
ʷ֮УŶ֣Ҳ޵УֻҪǲԷϢĻᣬͿԽ䳹׵ѹȥ
ҶʱûзϣģǶӵԭˣһʵǿȫɱԷͨҲûа취ıһ㡣
ǡزض
ϹͻȻٴε׳һը
زض
ҶǶʼʧĺɫ԰ף˫Ŀһ޷ź;ֵɫ
ӵԵĿӵ
ţħţӺݺݵŵ档
ԵĻǺҪ쵰
زض
ôǵزض
ɱҲûа취ͶԷԿ
ز˭
֮еĹ£ڵľţ
Ҳ˿֮Կ
Ҷҿ϶ԼޱߵԽȫļһ𣬵ʱкһΪаպͶԷսһ
زأԵż֮Уȥôõʱ䣬Ҳ̸˵֣Ϊ֮ɫĳ̶ȡ
ǶսħεȵֶΡ
һĺһڣڵĵ޲ľɴ˿ԸоĳһﵱĿֲǺεȵĿɲ
زض
Ϲ૵ĵ
֮ϣһӰɾĬС
Ϲ˫Ŀȴû¶Ȼ̬෴ڿһ֮Ҳڻزš
ڿ־壬ڵӣ
˵Ӱزشεȵǿ󣬾Ϲʵͨ죬ȴҲһǰ
ôһأ
ţħ̲סĽеڿϹ֮ж˿˿⣬ȻԵĻҪһնɱˡ
ߣҪűǵõôĺôȻѡ뿪ڿԹϷġ
ϹȻǸоţħǵɭȻϢЦ˵
Ϲ㵱ɲô˵ģ˵˵ģűϵԼȥѰҵıƺʲô䱦ûм
Ҷ֮дŲ
ߣЩŵ֮УȻϷ֪ǴŶٵıȴп϶亱ıǾȻ˵ûҵ䱦ΪɵӲɣ
ţħƲƲͣ
Уƨ䱦㶼˼˵Щε䱦ҪĻã˵ûжٵļֵ
ˣ
ϹͻȻر
ĿҶţħ̧ͷ֮ϵĵزضɭȻ˵
ڣѾԷˣһڸĲܷŹǣزصĶ޷ɴ˿ɼԷжôĿֲõ֣Ļ˭
֮ϣزضһҶȴԸоԷϢڱԽĿֲͿ񱩡
ɭȻɲħڻͷš
յһƬ׵ռ졣
ģôħ
ħг̶ȣţħΪģȻԸоĳһħжôĿֲţħǰԷħٲȻһߴƥĴɽ޷ȥԿ
Ѫ⾫ޱȵϲʱǶΪĲƷһӡôõʱ䣬ȴƿ˷ӡٴεĽ٣ȻػὫǵʳ
Ϲɭɭ˵
ɭȻţħ̲סĲţӻظԼţޣ
үţ޿Ǳ𻢱޻Ҫ󲹣ѾĲѡһԵүɡ
ѾĶʱǵҶϹһĺߡ


1642 ս
ļһŪ⣬һزضɱ֮ǰɱ㣡
ϹޱȲˬĵ
ʲôаѾĿ϶ڼʱү
ϹһԵĻԵĻǺ뽫ѾһƵ
ܹӵ
ѰĶ޲Ǵ˱زضӵĿɲǸεĶԸ
Ϲôõʱ䣬ҶŲŶԷһ취ûС
ȷʵȻֲȴҲ編ƣֻҪҶ˷ȫĿԽ𡣡
Ҷţħһ漴Ϲ
γɣǶ˼ԭϵĲᣬһִϵγɣκεĶħĹɣħεĿֲȴҲվĻԵĿǣ֮׵һֶǶԷ޷󵽵ľ
׵֮
ҶԣʱЦ
ˮ𣬵ҲԱɣ㲻ǲ֪ɣһʵ˵ĿֲͿ£ӵŹ֮׵ʣԸ㶨Է𣿿»ûеȵ㶨һѾԷɱˣħͨ죬һǵزصӵ֮ˣ˻ǵǰ׳գ
Ϲǲˡ
ߡ˵ѰĶزأΪϵǿߣʷĳ֮УǶĶǱӡôõʱ䣬޷â׵ڵġ
Ϲ˵
ԴˣҶΪȻԵĻǶսǲʣҲزصĶ
ֻڶˣ
Ϲﻺؿ˵֮¶貵Ĺ⻪
һԭǱ̬𽥿ʼָţȻǶԼķҲżš
ʲô
ţħţʵ
ܼ򵥵ķһȻǵزضǾҪɱ棬ֻҪǵزعŷ棬ȫĿ
زس棿
Ҷţħĵһ
بŵһǿߣ˭Ҳ֪һ֮֮󣬵ǳʲô飬ڵĵ㾡ȫûҵزصȥ
ѵ˵֪زʲôطɣ
Ҷ̲סʵ
Ǻܿȴ˵Ʒˣ
ܵģزط֮˭Ҳ֪ȥ·Ҳ֪
زشڵʱϹ»ûгأԷεҲ֪زصģ㾡ȫҲҲԷҲȥѡԸսħˡ
׳ա
ϹûĿҶ죬ƺǶҶѯ൱
û˵õزعŷĳ֡һȻ֪Ը񣬵ܹԿڵˣԵĲʲôƢģһͶҪԶжԶˣ𣿡
Ҷ˫ĿȻһ
ѵ˵زض䣿
Ϲ˵ͷ
һǵزضûȴҲһִزعŷܹͷųǾа취ߣҪıǽԷеļ䳹׵ĸĻǾˡ
жٰա
Ҷ첻Ǻܿ϶ĿһôǸо൱ĲԾء
û취һҲûС
Ϲ˵
Ҳ
һҶʾҪ˵ʱȻһĻ谵
𡭡
һŭʼ֮ͷ˳
ҵתţӰӣЩǺӰÿһ·һС
زضҪ
ҶＱٵĽе
ϹûлشֻǿٵĽе
סˣҪӲƴҪֿȥҪǵزرٻ
顱
һ޴һһɽһ㣬޵еĳҶֹ
Ϻɫâ˸Ǻ֮ϣŵһبŵĹŷϵĴڡ
ڵĵһֱĶȻħħĲںģزض޷Ȼ֮㹻ĿĳزضĿֲ֮
´ȱسħ
һķų֡
ţȴǼ׶ĺ
ˡ
һĻ谵֮Уһֻ޴Ѿѵ١
ҲΪʲôǳűүİ
ţħί
һֻ󲿷ַǳɢġ

Ҷ컮һ̫ӡǣ˫ֱ֣۵Ĵ¿ʼչͬһ㣬һֻ޴ȥ
Ҷܹʩչȭмǿ
޼ߣ֮ʼ̫ߣ֮ĸ
ɴ˿ɼ̫ǿ֮
̫ɲҶǰ֮е̫ȭ̶ֳȣһبŵڹϵĻʷ֮У̫Ĵ˵Ϊ̫ǹϵġ
Ȼ֪˵ǷȷҶȴҲûʲô˼ʱˡ
˫ۻͬ£ڵ̫ӡǷɿת趯˫Ŀâ繴ʵһ㴩󲻶ϣնһζε
䡱
޴Ӱγ̫̬߲̤㣬ѸٵĴȥ
䡱
ֲʼҶͶԷײʼ˳ȥ
ۡ
Ҷ컹ûüӦѾһдѪ񱩵˳
ֿסĻûʱȥٻֶΡ
ϹͻȻغ
Ҷһİۣ
ӾŬĵֿˡ
˫Ŀâ趯·֮вϵͷš
䡱
ҶĻոյʱ֮УһǿӡȻ˲ͷ˳
ʲô
Ҷţħ׵ɵˣȫû뵽ԷȻƻҶĽٴεʩչУƷ֮ѸٵĴȥ
֮У̤֮ϣɫ죬һ˫Ŀڱ
Ǻεȿµһ˫۾ĮޱȵĮҶʶǿߣķӣ󵽵ѣȴҲûм˿µ۾
·Ƕȫĸһ㣬κεһ˶޷Է
ʩչ£ٵľۼԲʮķΧȫİ
Ҷ񼤵ٴεĺ

ʹϵƸŨ֡
갡үҲˡ
ţħҲûħţӰٵĴȥһȭ
衭
ħţӰʼʵһ㣬ʼŤ
һţħʩչȫǽ뵽˴̫žȻС
ǳӿҶŭһޱߵǳ֮ǳ֮۵һϣγһϸ΢˿ߣ׵۵˻̫ģҶڵĽԼһµĲΣ̫ɣ
䡱
ޱߵбըչֳϵӿȥ·Ҫһг׵Ĵ飬Ϊ촷ۡ
ı֮γ֮ͣ󺣰ĿЦ˸졣
һĵʲô
Ϲһ֮ɫ


1643 
żϹ̫̫ˣǲʣϹҲֻǽ䵱һ˲õѣȴΪԷܹĿ¡
ǰҶ죬νبûмţֶΣֲķʽԴҲ޷󵽣һŴ첻𾳾СȻֲܹ
ȡ
Ҷŭһ
⣬תת˼¡
֮ˮ֮֮ںһ壬âʢÿһ̲ŻصͶ֮䣬·Ҫմȥ
䡱
Ҷƿ󿪴ϣɽӣһֻɫĴ֣ɢ
Ȼɢ֮С
𡭡
زضŭˡ
һŭĿԲӰıֳһŭĿգǿ
ʨӵĿХɽХЧ
һͨ
ҶԺ֮ȻĳڵľѧʨӺ
ڵĻη𡢸񡭡
һճ֣Ʊػγɿµƻ
Ȼŭ֮УҶţħߵ˲ͬǳһ㣬ݺݵسź浹˹ȥ
ǿûа취Ƿ
ۡ
Ҳ
ҶѪţħӵңһֻţֱӱǿֲЧѡ
İŭš
ס
ϹĽе
Ҫˡ
Ҷ̲סŭһĺ뽫Ѿ͸ƣϹĻ̲֮ס̧Դȥ
ʱһ
֮ϣһӰ֣ЩӰվߴԣ
ÿһĺӰޱȵڣаϢҲ֮ͬصĶħһ㣬ɲ
Ƕ٣
ţħڵĴϢ
һֻţӻػָţħ̥Ч֮£ڵޱأȴҲԳĻָٶڻָš
֪
Ҷ֮дһ˿ɬ
ڣݣزعŷȻ㾳ˣ
ϹҲһΡ
ô졭
䡱
ҶĻû꣬һ˿޷ڸǵΣȴѸٵ
û꣡
ҶɫһĿ䣬ֻ֮УһĺɫǣȻĳʼϮ
һŭĿգҶ춼Ӧôĺɫųǿߵʺͱ£ӦҲޱȵѰ
ôҲ̫ٵˣһϵĶԿ
׵֮šҿ
ĺڰ֮ʼӿҶҲݵʩչԼΪǿֶΡ
ϡ
ǿ֮еâһ㣬໥ϵһ𣬲ӴȻǺɫħʼΪ֮һͣ١
䡱
ӿ񱩵Ȼͷų
֮УγһɿֲУԲʮķΧ޲Ǳ
ۡ
һֻ޴ħ֣֮һֳһƣźɫģħֵĴĴ顣
ô᣿
չħ֣֮ħֻǱס׵֮Ÿѹס˶ѣϣҶ춼ܹСġ
ֻһֻ赭дĻӶȻֲЧ
زءزأѵ˵һ
ҶȻ뵽˵زصĴ˵
ǶսħҲ߹زعŷԭʵǿᣬʿ£ǿԳΪδڵĴƿأֻΪԼʵҵǿ󣬸ӵĿֲѡ˽֮УٴεĹ֮󣬹Ȼʵ
زأڹϵĻ֮УҲֹյĲɷǻĹϵʷϣһŷزعŷµĴԸһѲɺͼ֮еļһһˣ
Ҷ̲ס뵽
ӣеè²ֻԼӡ
ϵĻģΪʲôô˳ΪʲôЩȴһȫʧˣ
Ϊʲô
Ҷ첻֪Ҳûʱȥ֪
뷨жȥ˵һԼ֮еǸزأԼ׵֮ţԷȻħ֪ж٣Լ׵֮ŸԷġ
䡱
ϹȻĳһӰӰ֣Уɢʥһʥ鵮һ㣬ǿ̬Ҷһ಻ѡ
סˣҪɹˡ
Ϲĺ
顱
ʧȥ׵֮ŵİҶֱӱһĺӰ˳ȥ
ǿ֮£ûС
һȭӡĴľİûа취ȥֵ֧ڡ
ۡ
һѪҶڲţħӲÿֱӱѲ
飡
飡
飡
Ҷ˺һѪٴεһεѪ֮УԵĴѵĺۼ
ȻеѪѾ˳
ҶǾ֮ģħӰһһʽȴҶѪˣежôĿֲ˿ȥ󵽡
زضֻĺɫħӰӣ˵ĿֲǵزضжôĿֲ
ҶһѪ֮ԺһԼĸоƺһ˿졣
䡱
ֲͬһ㣬ĳޱߵգؼ俪ʼۣ۳һγ˫ཻ̬
ۡ
زضһֻչͬһڰľһ㣬վ֮ϣޱߵʼɢȥչֳҪռ䶼ʼ
䡱
һֲıʹɣʱҶٴεıǷıԵС
͡
µħӶԷĮ˫Ŀ֮ͷų
һ۾û˿УӿҶ죬Į֮УҶȴᵽϢ
ۡ
ǵصγһġdӡǣݻһĺɫ
һǹǹȷȣڶԷǰȴ·ǵȨ㹻ĺһ
͡
һıӶ
ռ˲γ˺ѵ
˿˿ıƣ֮ǿռȫĻ
ռ֮
Ҷĺ
ˡ
ռ֮Чӳ֣Ҷ챳Ŀռ֮ʼĴıչ˳
ûá
ռ֮ЧڶԷľǰû˿ôһ˿ֿĿܶûУֽһ㱻Էǿеĸˡ

ٴεĻӶǱѾ룬Ҷ
ۡ
ѪҶϴһ˿ʹͲʵɫĵ
ǿڸƻ
ʲô
ҶĺһĲѾҶꡣ
һ̣ʥӤʼչֳ
һƺѾˡ
Сӣллˡ
ͻȻڴʱǱڻϹȴ˹ЦڿնѸٵĻһ磬ȻĳŶԷȥ
Ѫ
⻪ʢޱ󡭡


1644 Ե
Ѫ
ֵĳ֣֮ϣȻγɵĹ⻪ޱĹâ·Ҫǿһ㡣
Ŀֲ˺ʣһеа
ҶſԶ
ʱ棬޷ڸǵʹ࣬һǱѰ·ǴһϢһմȾɡ
ľ֮ϵҶȴҲûа취䳹׵ѹס
֮ζƺҲĪ
ʲô
Ҷд󾪡
Ǻܿȴǰθ
һѪ
һνɫѪΡ
ѪβĴָС·һöӨ͸Ľɫһ㣬κεʡ
ǶԷȻ˫ȴҲֻϵı֣ǿǵزضȽ϶ԣƺȫûа취γɶԱȡ
ʲô
Ҷ촭ϢŽе
ţħԼȴҲվħ̥ȴҲûʵͶԷԿĽħ궼ɢ
ģ㾹Ȼǡ
ţħţùԶ˵ĿϹ
ǡ
ϹֱӵĿ˵ϵıޱȵĵ⣺
һȷʵӦˣȴҲûа취ԿʵϣһαǴһֻ֣û뵽ʵȻǿ󰡣زضԶԿôʱ䡣
Ҷһı䣬ǶڶԷķŭѾ뵽һ޷ĵز
ϵǱÿһļ޷ȡһ˿Ԫ޸
ʹĸоʼľˣҶȴǲģԸûдɣôڵȴȥľ뿪ԵĲġ
ѵԼıԣѵͲӴħɱ𣿡
Ҷĺ

Ц˳֮У޷ڸǵĵ⣺
ԣʲôԣ
ҶһȻԼоĲԾԭġ
ϻ쵰Զ£
ţħţۣȫ޷š
ԣȻǺµģʵǿ󣬵ȴҲħĳ֣ǣ˵㶨µԲǱأ
˵ģϹжһꡣ
һ꣬ƺû˿ϢȴϹһģһ
ôҲûţĶ㹻㣬ֻǱһֶΡ
žžž
һûϢ꣬ѵˡ
ˣû£˵ЧԱû˿ô෴ģҲҪˡ
ѪǱʱѰҵıΪıгһյܹԼԸⲻʺεȵš۲ţǺͱȽȴǲ˵Ը⣬εܹǱĶ֣
Ѫ·һС̫һɢԼޱʥ
죬Ժķ档
һĴָСѪȴ·һب𶯲ϱһ㣬ɢ˵ǿ
һѪ˹֮УκεһӵҪ£Ȼһа񣬶ڻµģزض˵ӵĺһѪ
Ҷ˫ĿȫĲ֪Ϲﵽ˵ʲô
㲻ܺãһһĸ㣬ҲˣҲޱȵĸȤǿʵ죬ľʵǲԾ
ϹЦ˵
ʺͱȻϵһ㣬ȴҲǾˮˮల£Է۲ŴԣҲв׵ȴҲ޷ʳԿ
УʺĻүʺαСˣҺǲʶԿҪʲô𣿡
ţħĺ
һȷʵˣҪ˵زض֮ϵһιĽɫѪɢʥϢ㹻׵ⶼǸȻţħҲʲô
ߡ΢ԭ֪ȴ֪ģħ̥Ǻıû뵽һβõ˵زضӵ㱦൱
֮ģһʼԽĵ
һ׹ȥģԺǲʶԿȴҲôȥǲһͳ򣬾ǱҲӲʵ֣˵ʼܵı֮󣬱ȴõһϢⲻʾȻԼĲʹ֮пһƬռ䣬ƺһ˲üһĶ
Ҷ컺ؼȡľʱԵĸоԼĺʼü
ʱˣڱչ֮УҶ֪ԼһοҪˡ
ŶΪʲôҪȥѰң
Ҷļȡ֮ͼһ̽ţħװŰ˲ͼ֮С
ڵʧȥˡ
ڳ˵ȻǿµĺܣǱȴ£෴ǣ൱ϲһѧϵľѧԶʱڵĿֲأȫĿԽΪãȻˣûһιѪҲûģֻû뵽ȴѹ£ǣͽزضͷųΪˣȻҲƾűʵȫĿԳɳԼʣ㣬ɱ¾˱еڱҲƷһζ
˵Ϲϱ쳣
Ѫû뵽û뵽ڽȻ飬ѪϵĴڣԸҲ㲻ʲôǶԸزصĶȴŰٷ֮ٵİգΪѪǵزعŷʦһξѪ
ʲô
Ҷкݺݵһ
زعŷʦİ汾٣ȴûһȷģǶսħ𣬵õ˵زعŷġزǧ塷УȴҲ֪ǵزعŷʦ𵽵˭
Ƕǵزضεǿ󣬿ѪǰҲޣΪūʱ򣬱ԳΪʱ̳֣Ǹʱ򣬱ӵ˵زضһ󵽵Ķʣ˭ǱĶ֣

һﳹ׵ķˡ
Ҷ죬Ҳ޷󵽶ԷȻ˵ķ
ΪԼļƻΪԼҰģȻѹô꣬ȴûеһݿµ
Ҳ˵һʼʹҪǣ
ҶһĨڸǵŭ⡣
ֻܹʩչһΡ
ţħ֮Ʊ޷㿪ġ
һʼˣС̫ˣǱôǿߣȴҲûκεһܹԱȣԱһزضʰ㣬Ч൱ĺð
޳ܣ
ţħĺ
޳ǼʶһѪɣǵزضΣǵùԹԵĳΪ֮
䡭
ޱߵĲ˲ĴһѪ֮ͷ˳
ʥϢޱߵ˰죬Ҷ֮ȴˣ֮УǵزضƺŶԷĳ֣û˿ĵֿ


1645 زأ
䡱
ϼ֣Ҷû˵ܹΪˣһˣ
㲻ˣҶȴҲ֪֮Уܹԡˣжôϡ١
ɫĹ⻪һ˸
ʼʣ·һɫǺһ㣬£˽ɫٿʼ

زضȻķĲҽ屻ɫĹâ׵
󵽵ڿʼӶ
زضεǿ󣬵ʩչȴҲվħ
ڵʥࡢʥ͹âϹĿֲԷ֡
ֻʱƣҶȴĸоˣһϢԵڿʼı䡣
һּΪĸоҶҲ޷
ѪϵѪκε˶޷֮ԿѪ˭Ҳ޷Կģ
Ϲ·ǷһĴЦ

һ̾ϢͻȻĴ·֮䣬
ͣһʥࡢȻϡ
ҫƺӦȾ
Ҷ޷󵽣ϾȻ
ǰϹȴݺݵز
˭
ΧޱȵľףȻ˳ϹҶԼţħޱȵĲ߻ãϾҶţħڽѾͷ
ϹȴУﵽûˣԷεĽ뵽ģ
ްӷ𡭡֣ӦǸɢģȴû뵽ʱȻַµźʦҲ𣿡
仰˵úᣬ͵ͬǷƵ赭дͷ·һƬ֮еһˮΣ޷˿
仰ȴϹ˶ڻĲɫ̿ޱȣ޷ŵɫա
Ҷ΢ҲŶԷĶʼտȥ
ɵ֮УϵĽɫ⻪ڳ֡
һιѪ·һС̫һ㣬ʥĹ⻪ûΪڹӿʣȾռ䶼ʼǵزضƺǲ֪ʲôطȻǿеڸ
һ˿뷨ȴҶͷ
ѵ˵
ڸ뷨ʵ̫ĺˣҶ춼޷ţ޷ţ޷
ۡ
һ𶯣·ɢһһչֳ
ʱǿտʼɵĽɫʢ
ˡ
һֻ漴Ŀʼ̤֮ϣһӰس˳
࣡
˵ﶼ覴ãδ֮ﶼһ˿һ覴ãҶȴ˵˻ɡ
һӰӣһɫӰӣһӰŽɫģʥĽɫתһŨ˼µԪתʼΧ
زأ
ҶڽԼ뷨˵˳
뷨εȵĺˣҶҲš
Ϲʱ޷ŵɫգ·ûа취ǰһС
ԭϹļƻǽزصıӶһزضȻֻƭҶʹõ˵
ֻԴҲ޷뵽Լ˵ôĽزصıԴٻ˳
ǶôɼԦĻǵĵزεĻὫͷųһͷųǾʹŵزرѹƲסԼϵĶ
ڣɫħȫľˣµֻǳ֮İĴϾ
Ϲ޷ţ޷󣬸ӵ޷ܡ
ⲻܣ
Ϲĺ
ǵģܣεȥ󣬵ȴҲ޷뵽ӡ
Ǻǣû뵽һ֮ʣȻὫٳô鷢
ǽɫӰЦ˵
ͣ崺ĳϲõ顣
Ľɫճֳķӡ޺ʼγ˽ɫĹâγڵ̬
͵ϢϵӿתĴ̬
ž
΢ز̯Уֻ֮УһɫӰڷţţ·ڲľӱѹȥ
زأңҾ㣬εܹѹңѵͼնɱԼ𣿡
زضȻʼ˵ˡ
֮дѪͷϢ֮
Ǻǡ򣬽յĹ޲ҪеҵĶȴҲҲɻȱһ֣֮ˣ޲׷Ѱȱľ磬ȴû뵽ǲȱλȱȱ̫Ĺ¶𣿡
ƺǲӽԷɱ
ҼƻôõʱˣΪʲôΪʲô㣿ⲻܣⲻģ
Ϲޱȵĺ
֮УųͲʡ
ƻôõʱˣȴû뵽ͷȴ䣬Կεܹģ
Ǻǡļƻ
زش˫Ŀϣâ˸·ɫĽһ㣬ޱߵʥ֮¡
վȴһƮ첻ѰϢ
ǡ㲻ôģҵʦ𣬹ⱲΪмˣκεһ˶޷֮ԱȣʴȣǽһжõǺǣεĻΪڵң縡ƣȴվ˺ۼǷŲ£ⲻڡ
Ц֮УޱȵĲҶظоǰĵزػһˣν
ǣ㲻ȥѪĴȱʹ
͡
â˸һ޴ķ
֮ŭ
֮
ŭĿգ
ŭĿգ
ŭĿգһӰص￪ʼڣΪ֮ɫԪٵĿֲϢһʱ֮Уӿɫ·Ǹܵ˵زصŭһ㣬ʼͷųľˣ˾𣬺ݺݵĴա

һ֣·
ѣڣҶļһĿ֨죬ǶҪ
ۡ
һѪ
Ҷȴ޷ŵɫ
زأǵزأʵ̫ľͿˡ
Ǹ˼飬ʥһǿͿֲ

ĲҽϹɢ
һ޷ʹ࣬ǵزһġֳ֮һȻʼٵ͡
䣡
һ޴ıƳ֣ʱ֮䣬ʼڿʼͷţһƳֳƵм䣬Ѫڻ
顱
һ޴ı쳹
ϹʱĿʼҷʧ֮䡣
УһһҶѹȻļȴһʹ̲࣬סѹʧ֮˹ȥ


1646 

֪ȥ˶ʱ䣬ҶڵĴӻ֮˹
ۿȥǽɫĹâ˸ͬʱ֮УƺǸһǿҵĲ㲨˵иоޱ͡
֮ϵһɫӰ
Ҷ΢΢һ
ɫĹâ˸һʥĽɫ֮ϣƮƮ˰̬ǽâͬؼһжûΪϵģҫޣһ޵
Ǹӵĸһ޷ľС
һֳ׵Ϣ
زأ
ǵزأ˵ϢͲҲֻǿ߲ſʸӵС
ʦ𣬵ңû뵽һССŵӣȻΪ֮Ķһֱôһֱڹ᳹ؼ䣬ƽȵǵȴûа취ȥһУΪ̫ˣ֮Ĳͬ˵ӣǵȴΪУζ뵽ġ
زص˵
ʱ𽥵¶
һӡ
ȥҶ춼˼ӡ
Ʈĺܣ͵ӣο塣
˭Ҳ뵽һˣһͬڼС͵ȻȾΪһħͷ
ڵĵҧгݵĳ֮Ϊڵͽħ
ಡ
ٻǹѪػع鵽˵زص
Ҷ죬ƻӶ
͡
һâ˸ʱҶڶһɿֲʥȴ˿ĵ⡣
Ҷɫ΢䣬ʶȥֿȴ֣ԼĶĵֿסԷٶȣ뵽˴˵ʵҶҲɴ˵ıȻˡ
һʵȻԼȥ󵽵ľ˺Ϳֲǿب֮еĺҪ˺Լһ㹻ɱԼֻǶԷһѡ
Ҷ󵽵һȻһʥڽ뵽Լ֮ѸٵĿʼ仯γϵʥҩһ㣬ʼ޲Ҷϵơ
û뵽һȻԼıұҵĵزħ˵һħǿ¡
زػؿ˵
زصʵͨ죬Ȼֻһһ˿ǷУһһ֮У޲ӿӴԪ
ǿޣʵѾİסİͱ˵ǰĵزأԷԵѾյˡ
лǰĳȡ
ԷĻ񣬾ȻҶ˲Ļָ˹һ˲١
һţħȻһΪزصʵǿͱɽ纣ĿֲƸ˹ȥ
ǰҵĻ飬ơ
Ҷ쿴ŵزأ̲סĿ˵
ţħħ̥ħʮļһҶ첻ұ֤زصʲô飬ڵţħȷʵ൱ء
֫ѣʮΣͺķѵԼеڲȵĻºǲġ
޷
زٴεĻӶһʥעţħڡ
ţħزص֮УƺǶһ˿ů⡣
һ˿ů⣬ԭַƵ̬·ǽһˣµķŵ˷˵λϡ
ϧڵ󲿷ֵҲֻǽʩչģΪ˲ٴεȴҲܹʩչֻ̫άϵѵţ֮İ㹻ĿԽġ
زعŷεȵȻһۿҶ֮
л
ҶҲȥԡ
Ľ֮ٵ뵽ţħڡ
͡
һ绮ţħԴԭѵţħٴε뵽˳˯֮С
һʱ˯һɣлҪ˵
زص֮УȻͣȴһ岻ݴǵϢ
Ҷüͷ൱Ĳϲ·Ǳһ㡣
Ҷı֣زһ㶣ǺܿȴЦ
ʱ䳤֮ȴ˼Щ飬ǺǣҪҵ̬ȡ
زأȻһСǸ
˵Ϲ￴һεĻԻ˲ıκΣϧǣⱲӣ±ûˡ
ת˲֮䣬Ѿظ䣬˼Σ׺һڰĴڣȴֻܹıһЩС£ͱ趨õ飬ȴҲҲ޷ıģ˵𣿡
زؿЦ

ҶʵĻش
ȷʵǲǲ׵زΪʲôԼ˵̬ȣһ̬ȲãղŶԼʹĿǣƺҲŶԼǸ
ǺǡҲգ׵ģֻϣ㲻Ҫҵ·ǡ
еһιѪϴ˿˿⣺
ʦεȵڵʷ֮УԵĲ˿Ժ˼ҶԱȣȻֻǷΪЦ
ƺһἰԼʦزرʧ
ȻЩҶ컹ǱȽȻģϾȻ֪굽Ƿʲô飬ȴԸоеԵĲ򵥡
ʦֻһССڵӣ֮УʱˣҪ񣬱ȥڵЩֻǲؼʵҲûʲôôû뵽ǣʦΪ˶غȴǻۣȻ֮Уϵڰ壬ӴȻ޷ı䣬ȴѾﵽ˴Բĳ̶ȣһһĪ̲ϵİ
زصŻϢش˳
Ȼ֪һﵽΪʲô˵ЩǶǹϵʷҶ컹ǱȽϺġ
û뵽ǣӢţʦĳɾͣ˲˵ļʣǿʼʦȻʦΪ˶غ񣬵ȴҲΪ֮УȨƵƷ֮ģȴû뵽ҵĳ֣ʦϾ·
˵زص¶˿˿İûڣޱȵİûڡ
ħ̥
زػؿ˵
ʲô
Ҷɫ䣬ĻǲҪ˵ˣħ̥ĸѾ㹻Ҷ뵽淢һ顣
㾹Ȼħ̥
ڵϣԻָƣں˯ţħҶ̲סľ
ħ̥Լ߿Ǿһߣôô;òԾأ
Ǻǡħ̥Ϊ֣ܶߵһȻ˵ûΣǿһԳΪΣȴɵģֻҪǿŬĻδزΪһǿߵġ
زٴεĿһţħ֮У˶Ѿڴ
ʦ̫ĶغˣΪҵֻҪǲŵ֪Ҿǰȫģȴû뵽ǣѾ˿ʼ׼ˣʹңȵҳɳʱҲڰеļƻţν
һħ̥ǿ˭Ҳ޷󵽵顣
ب֮Уħ̥Ǻܶ࣬ȴҲǾ֮
ȴĻܹΪһ֣ħ̥ƱػΪ֮


1647 һ
һĶս޷ˣʦȻϵ֮ȴûκεľˣͷ·һۼȴû˿Ѱһ㣬ڵС
ǱΪ𣬾ʵˣһһжѾΪبŵʷҫ޸衢ʷʫȴ޷ڸס֮еķŭ
ˣǺǡ֮У˵Ψһһˣˡ
ȻɱڣΪĶħ𣿡
زЦ˵
ûУ˺ܳܳ䣬ΪıǻԼȵǸʱ֮ҲĿʼ֡
زЦǴࡣ
ֻҶȴԴӶԷ֮Уоֳ޷󵽵ɱͺ⡣
ʵͨ죬ĵλԺգ޷ıȴкܶġ
ڣѾˣȫûһΪƽȵеǹҫϵ˵ҲŻǸʱѡ뿪ұ˳𡭡
زصüģ⻪˸ΧһӿͬǾ˵ĹĴϵġ
ޣʹ˵γ˳󵽵һۼ
Ҫ뿪ˣһСˣûϵ챦ºѴʥġ
Ҷɫ䡣
ŵزأ֮УûڸǵıֳǿĽ䱸֮ġ
ڽ䱸ޱȵĽ䱸ԷȻ˵ԼϵŰ˲ͼ
Ķûκεһǰչֳ챦
ô֪Ĵڣ
Ҷ֮УǿҵĽ䱸Ȼ֪ԼһĶ֣Ҷ컹ǿˡ
Ǻǡһ㣬ΪصĺʵȴˣǿߵǰصȴҲᱻֵģοĻһֱڻԼһǲ֪Ļ̫ޱ𣿡
İɣҶûж⡭
زص֮кᣬƮȻڳ̬·Ƕһж⣬ʵҶΪ֮塣
ССˡ
ҶڨڨЦ
ҵĶ㡭
زػĿ˵
ʵûа취ȥƿĶ
ҶεĿЦ
Ǻǡ޷ȫ԰㣬ҵʱޣǻǿĺá
زصϴһ˿࣬ȻĳѾﵽһּ¡
Ǿǰˡ
ҶŰ˲ͼҪʥԦԼһ޶Ѿ֣ǰʥ飬Ҳӵ¥ޡ֡
һ֣һϳΪҵŰ˲ͼ㹻ķӳزض˵ȫĿԳΪĵʥ飡
ҶԴ˱ʾΪš
ͷųıɡ
زػؿ˵
ǣ
ڵزأҶѾʧȥ˽䱸
⵹ζԷΪڵѾ˻ԭ˵ʵˣزش֣ԭèԼ̫ʮѪҲֵġ
ҶȺһʵزҲ˿ġ
ˡ
Ű˲ͼ֮С
ʥ֮дź嫵ϢȻ󣬵ȴ·ǿֺ͸סǿһ㣬˵̬ϢҪ˿ʼ
Ǽ챦𣿡
زصﻺؿ˵֮У˿˿ľȡ
Ǻεȵݣı˵ѾţëЩıԼǰҲǲмһ˵ġ
ޱ·Ű˲ͼ֮չֳ
е̵ĺۼ
ʱ֣Ҷתʱ顢Ůޡаȵȵ޲У·ӭԼĵһ㡣
֮Ǻ뵽ϻ֮
ز˵
ƻӶһ翪ʼȥ
ҡ
ɫħ˲Ŀʼ˳
һֳ޷󵽵ħֲֿħ·ǻǹ֮ͷԼе
زأұһ壬㾹ȻҪҳΪСӵһ֣Լı𣡡
زضĺ
ɫӰӲϵڹâ֮ţͬǻ֮еһֻһ㣬ȥɢеĵֿͷ
ұΪһ壬ȻҴҪʲô
زص
ҶȴԸоڶԷ֮УƺǴһ˿˿ĴϢ
Ȼûеֻǽһ޷ӱϴԼȫ
ᣬйʱУʱӣ޹ʱޣʱ𣬷࣬Ϊ࣬
ķţʼزصﴫ˳
֮У쳹оʼֻ΢Ǻܿģƺǿնʼǿڿʼز֮ϣϵĽâ˸˷·Ǳܽעһ㡣
֮ǶȻһһɺɫ˫Ŀ󿪣ϴ޷ŵɫ
Թгޣв޷š
а֮УȻһŭ
زأҪĶȻңҵʵһ޶ǶȻҲڵ㣬ֻһ޷ĶԿεƳ㣡


1648 
ϴҵʼ̰գ֮Уһҽڣ
زصʼԽԽһֲĹâ
ǻÿһ֣·ǽʯһײգ죬ǿգȼء
ŵزصķУչ֣ƺǳž޴ѹϵħȴû̫ļ٣ƺǶеִʼøӿֲ
һҽڣزأαȻڣΪʲôȥȻˣҳ֣αı֣һαСˣ
ŭķ
ħγһϵķӡա
Ȼ֪ڸģǾնɱҳΪ㣬Ϊبŵһĵزء
ްӷ𣡡
ز˫ֺʮϹâϡ
һɫķӡ޺գԦʥĽɫس˵زصı
߶ͬӰչ֡
һһ𣬷·а
زѵȴȫ𣿡
Ȼŭĺڰħͬǹһ㣬£˺һķӡ
ûǡǣԸǣ
ز˫ֺʮϴʥĹ⻪һǵ˫֮Уȴ˸һǿϢͬɫĽڻա
Ƿٴεĳ䣬ȴҪ֣֮
زؿŶȻ˵
ʲô
󾪣޷ŵĽ
ңƺҲʼ仯ʱǵزҵ˻ᣬһֻɫĴֿʼӶ
ҵ֣
ҵⲻĻ棬֮УΪصĻ֮һǹĵ֮УزҲˣŻõеζ˺ҵ֡

ǵصĽɫ棬ȼնӡ໥ںϣķĿռķ顢ݡ
Сӡ챦
زͻȻķ
ҶɫһݣѸٵƿԼŰ˲ͼ

䡭
޴𶯷·ǻӴһ㣬Ĵ¡
Ű˲ͼ֮ϣŸַ˸㹻زضС
زأң
ŭͼҪŰ˲ͼ֮п񱩵ĳ
֫ſŭ𣬿棬һѪ۾֮У˲ʡ
ǵģģϵĴڣҲẦ£ȴоԼһ뵽Ű˲ͼ֮УһΪһܰĴڡ
ħ𶯣˿˿ħȻǿ谭֮
ҵزأĲƭˣ㣬Ҳƭ
زص˫ĿϣǺ޵Ĺԡ
Сӣʵ΢εĻ֣ʲôܹﵽ̶ȣ
ŭ
ЩҪʱ֤㰲ĵȥɡ
زص֮У˿˿Ц⡣
Ȼа񣬵ȴҲǵزرΪܵˡ
Ϊ֪ԼһУ˽ԼһУ˵ʵ໥ƻĿܣȫΪڵ̶ȡ
ǶĵȴƱҪնɱԼ𣬷ɴǽĶƣֻɱ˱ŻɳҪԵնɱ
Ҳע˶ͱ޷Ϊѡ
СӣҲֹң
ȻĳҶ
һﲻزرǿ󣬵ȴŲǿ෴ǿɵġ
һŭֱӵ˲񷣬ʹҶһľҳ
ڷѪɣ·Ǳһסһ㡣
ۡ
ѪҶɫ䣬Ȼ֪ʱһԼиˣǰе鶼ǰ
ǵ
һ䱳󣬶ʱֳİ׹ǲ֫Ѫʣһɽһ㣬Ҷɱȥ
ֲ֮ĶħЦķſѪ͡
ɱʮأޱߵǿնڲͺ
ݣ
ҶѪϵš
׵֮ţ
һ޴Żʼɡ
һֻֻƣŶԷİץȥ
Сӣ군ˣѵ֪ҵǾĵһŻεܹκң
زضпЦ
𣿡
ҶϱѪʪһɺȴޱȾˡ
ȥȥ̫ȥ𣿡
Ҷĺȵ
顱
ӶһֻֻƣĴ̴һƬǵ·һĿֲʱһħ׵֮Ÿҵȥ
ʲô
ȫû뵽龹Ȼᷢı䣬һɵˡ
䡱
ҵٴεĺɱȥǰǵΪޣһִֻݺݵײŰ˲ͼ֮С
ҵĳ֣Ϊϣһ㡣
ؿ˵
ȻĸоԼһ군ˣǿеץȥȴԸоڲͷŵ֮ڲϵǿš
ȥɣ˵Ļûһƭġ
زصȻ
ߣ
һתȥ
Ű˲ͼӴ֮ѸٵĽ뵽ڲ
ˡ
˸Ű˲ͼ֮Уϵҫ֮⿪ʼչֳ
һֿµĹԣÿһķģ˸ſԱ
ϵķģϳΪһ̨
֮˲ڡĦȣ
Ҷ쳹
Ű˲ͼ֮Уһ̨֡
زضһ˿ʵִһ̨֮ϡ
СӡõĿ
Ҷ죬زضûзĺ
Ӧ飬Ȼȥģһ㣬Ҫ˵
Ҷı˵
һǵزض֪ʲôֶΣȻǵزѾ˵ˣԼԽԷ飬ȻҲͬĺá
ܺá
С
䡱
Ű˲ͼʼ
İ˲ʥ֡
¥ޡޣķ裬һչֵʥ顣
Ħȣ
񳹣ĹԪرǳ
Ű˲ͼƺڳɳƺɱ䡣
ҶоһִδйĲĵ׳֣֪Լһλ࣬е滹ҪԼȥ̽
Сһһ¡
زص𣬴ҶҪȥһµ뷨
͡
Ӱ˸
֮ϣزصӰ𽥵ɢ
ǰǣ
ز΢΢һЦ
ҵıûг֣ҲֻҵһľѶѣڱһҪĵط˵ҵʱ䲻ࡣҿԸо֮Ե־ԲֻˣǻٴεļģʱѾΪһĳ̶ˡ
һζлǰࡣ
ڵزأҶϵĸмš
Ǻǡ˵ˣԺ󣬻Ҫġ
Ҷ΢΢һȻ뵽һ⣺
ǰȥһϵ򡭡


1649 ١У
ô
زص¶˿˿Ц⣬ؿ˵
ֻǺѡһϵ֮УǰĴţһղɷĲɷĴţ˵ֺǰһ¡
Ҷ˵ȻԼǰ֮ڵĹ硣
Ŷ
زص¶һĨɫ漴¶׷֮ɫƺ˼ʲôܿҲ¶һĨЦ⣺
ȷʵôһط뿪ڣŶԷ׷ɱĴԪ֮УһŹϵΪͼڵĴԪ֮Уסһʱ䣬Ĵǿߣһ϶ص򣬿ٵأݻ񷣬ֻǳգͽ׷Ѱ£̻֣ޱȵľңǹ죬ҾȻµļ󣬲ڣҿķԴأڴ˵أڳ֮Ϊڣӡ޺աҹ桢ޡ֣γǧ硣
زص֮дһĨ̾
ϧϧˣԵûеõĴУţڼԪ֮УγɣĴѾʧµֻǵļ¼ѣ˵˽Ҳԣķں֮䣬ʵ̫ˣҶԴҲ˽䱸ֻ˶ݵʱ֮У뿪ˡ
Ҷϱ鿪ʼüڵѾ϶ˣزʶǸԼԭڵĵطһǹϵľ֮أ̫ŵĴţӦʵģԼ²Ķȷġ
ǸϵĴԪȻ󣬵Ǹڶ࣬ʧȥ˹ϵĴУȴɵĿԸоǿϢкܶҶ˿ĲǸӵǿεػңҲСôõʱˣѾûлȥˣ˵Ҫ뵽ĻȷʵһõطֻµıǨ˭Ҳ֪ôõʱ֮򵽵׻ɺεȵ̬Сĵĺá
زԵǫˣҶԸоزصǫ顣
лǰָ㡣
ҶϵĸмŶԷ
ȻҶ첻֪Լ׿԰ԷʲôɣǿߣҶȴǴĵ֮бʾмġ
Ǻǣˣһ˵ϢҲ²ⲻĻӦúͱϵɣ
زͻȻЦ
ǰ档
ҶЦ˵Է¶ı֮УǴһ˿Ų̬Ȼϼһ黹ǲܴ
õһһִС
Ҷʵʵĳһ㡣
Ǻǣһﻹǵ찡ĳ̶ȣõĴУҲһ£ֻҪСĵ㣬ǲ򵥣ȻȥԹͲʳΪףʵϣڰǿҲΪǣͱʸռˣоİΪҪȾȴһǴʥԺҪ̫ƵĽôû̫ĺôͨؼΪĸ
Ҷ˵ͷһ㣬ŶԷġ
ʱ䣬Ѿˣڴ֮ط꣡
ǰ
زİ˰˵
ҵĴѾʶлĻ԰һѣҵĶĳ̶Ⱥһرİ㹻õܶ棬Ժоһ
زصӰɢ
ٴεĿһڵϵţħزص¶һĨЦ⣺
һħֻ̥ǲ֪ߵεȵĳ̶ȣڴܹɢޱߵʱ㽫ӭԼˡ
زص֮дһĨڴɢؼ䡣
ǿߣǿߡ
һеľŵزصʧҶ̲ס˵ϣڵĴϢš
Ȼһεľƺ̣ܶʵȴˣ飬̫ĺˡ
زءϹ֮ȵȵһУ޲˳˵
ЩҪġ
ٴεţħһ֮һ𽥵ĿʼҶ֪ļһһλõĺôԲ١
ܹݣɳ˵ĵزʵĲ򵥰
ԭ쳹˳
㡭һֱţ
ҶĿɿڴĽе
ǰһֱڿš
èûƷλԴ˵
ҲҲˣû𣿡
ҶΪ֮ĺ
һȻǿˣôأ㲻û𣿡
Խ
ʱ䣬̫˳ˣĥѣ¶һ£ղʵѾһΣڰԳ֣ˡ
̫ʮѪؿ˵
⼸һ֮УôǸоôأ
ߡұǡ
һȺεĻ국Ҷֻܹ˵Ļش
û뵽һﾹȻὫԼĶ㣬˿ѾԼĲ²⵽һЩ
̫ʮѪﻺĿ˵
ΣСһʵҲδؿκǣʵûлָ٣Ǹ㶨ȴǱȽпܵġ
ܲ˵
ĴһŰ˲ͼѾʼ˾޴ı仯һεĻŰ˲ͼͿԳΪһչֵˡ
̫ʮѪˣʱҲѸٵʧȥ
ȥ´ܲ˵׵㣿˵һЩĪĻ
⼸һҶʵˡ
źܶԼԼȴ˵Լ²⣬ֲ²⣬ʵ൱ƣ밡
䡱
뵽Ű˲ͼ֮е˲䣬һɰԪʱҶкݺݵһ
Ũ˼µĲͷ·ҪԼ˶ûһ룬޷Ŀֲʵ಻ѡ
ôôǿ󣿡
Ҷɫһ㣬̲סʧе
֮ϣϼ֡
ע֮䣬â˸γĲ
ַ·˽ٵһ޷󵽵ıء
ŵ
һƬƬĺ֮ɡ
֡
ڷɱʻʢﶼ䣬γӡ
ѾγһƬĳ̶ȣӵĿֲ
֮ϵʥ飬ϵµľӴϢںһ𣬹Э̬
˵̬֮£ǿҵ
ΪʥĵزضҶһʼͨԷ
һʥ飬ݻһ֪һĦܹʲô
Ҷﻺؿ˵
ʥӤʱüһȣٵγһƬز
ĦȣǶ񣬴ڰ˲֮һϵĴڣΪû뵽زضȻΪĦȣȻ٣У
ڸо˶ԷĲ˲䣬Ҷɫһ䣬漴޾Ŀϲ


1650 
Уκεﶼ߱ġ
ΡɫζΪУ
нѾһ˵ȫ
һȫʧǾԵĿǳΪһĴڡ
ǿ˵ппޣϾǿĸ֪ҲԸоԼӵеһС
Ħһʥĳֻ֣˵ĳ̶ȣȻزᱻΪŰ˲ͼʥˡ
Ħȵǿϵг׵ıҡʧӵĻ޵ܵ谭׵ĸϵĲҲ˵ʥĴڣ죬ϵȫо
ãʵȴԵ졣
ҶһͶս򲻹ĻʩչԼʥֵ֮жϾʱ򣬼ֱնɱݽûʲô
ҶȴҲ֪Լڵ㹻ʱжϾ֮˵һʩչĻҪԼȫĻɱԷ
һʩչϿռ֮֮ǶԿ̫žǿߣҲɱԷ
Ҷﻺ˵
ʵ̫ˣҶ֪ԼҪȥһ¡
յʱӹȥˡ
Ҷ첻ϵ򣬺Լȫµõؼ໥ںϣӶĿʼͨԼȫﵽһͳһ
껹Ҷ춼ȥȫĴ
ʱӵĸоԼϵǿ
ǿҶϵƿҲʼÿ
ب˵
žż¡һʮֻءǰ¡
֮У⡰ƺǿȥ൱ĲۣʵȴҲˣ֣͵ȴ˳󵽵׶
һ
νһָһһһ
ˣʼΪ
ʥĳ֣ԭָ֣γԪ̬˵ϡ
ߵ໥䣬Ӵ߶ֱ仯ﵽһ¡
Ϊһĳ֣ʹҶŰ˲ͼʼֳ˱ԭҪǿɱ䡣
ѷȭӡȭЩϵľѧҶ֮УʼЩѧ뵽Լ֮С
Ϊʼ𽥵ǿһּ¡
Ͷ֮䣬޲̲Ӵ
ҵľȭͰӡȭߵ໥ӣﵽһ۷壬ȭ۷ںϣ㹻Ŀɽʯϵ
֮ϣ컯ǧ·ʼγɣգͬһĺǦ֣漴ǦƿʼĹ⻪γ˴ٵ֮УҶ֮ϡ
޾ľγɣԼ
͵ž졣
ݻΪΪǿĸ
ǡʥѪꡭ
޲Ӵľ֮¿ʼһµĵز
һԽǿˣֻǽ˴첻𾳵۷壬֪һľѧжôĿֲٺ٣үΪڴһһƣһֺεȵ̫žٺ٣ʱ̫žҲᱻ򱬵ģڴ
ţħһöبźҩ·ǳܲһȥӴҩȥٴεһҩʥƷ
Χѻҩ·Сɽһ㡣
ϼǧҩʥƷĿ»沨֣ÿһֶ㹻Ĳһ󵽵ΰ
֮ҩǱǿ߿ĻԵĻ˱쵰ġ
˷ѡɳܵĻ쵰
֮ҩѻһ𣬶㹻ɳһλ˲õǿˣǶţħ˵ҲǲһԼҪѡ
ħ̥ҪɳҲҪӴſԣ˵ڵҶҲɲʲôطȥ
įѩôʱˣǲǸóȥһ°
Ҷ죬ţħ̲סֹ
͡
â貵磬ٵĴ֮УһƬ
ҲʱˣѾôʱˣᷢģʱǷҪ뿪ҲɵģĹŵȫǸˣѾʧȥԭļֵ
ⲻʺεȵ˲ţεȵ۲ŴԣȴҲƲ뵽ԼӵеĿռ䣬Ҫ˵һƬռ䣬Ȼһߡ
ߡ
Ҷţħٵ˸ȥ
ͬһһ㣬߲˿˿Ļɷ֮
ȻľȭѾ뵽֮С
ÿٶȣѾĲǽ˰ɣ
ţħһ˫ţۿҶʵ
ǽˣû˿ĸı䣬ңǽĻ᲻֪𣿡
Ҷû˵
ߵٶȼ죬û˿谭ٵ߳һŻ֮

ٴεĳ˲ʹ˲䣬һձ߸оˡ
̫Ծ
ţħֹ˵
ȷʵǲԾ
Ҷص˵ͷ
ⲻʹ·һ׵һ㣬Ȼû˿Ϣ׵̬Ҷ̲סü
ѵ˵ʱַʲô鲻ɣ
ˡ
ţħҪȥȴҶһסˡ
ϡ
һıĦ˳
ֻһսʿس
һ˴Լǧ֮ࡣ
ÿ˶ſµףϵƣϴһı޲˸һɱϢ
ǡ
ţħɴԼţ۽
ǽ
ҶıҲʼ쳣
⽫ɲ򵥣ڰҲ쳣Ѿ˱֮飬Ȼǿ󣬵ȴѰıԱģǱѰıҪǿ
ɢ
һ˷ȵ
һΣǵػʹ˭ǵʱǰɱۣӴ֮ĻǰҲ
һλϵսˣһսۣݣеıȻǾһ䵶
֮䣬ɷǷվ·һɽһ㣬ΧԪⷽԲ׵ķΧ׵γһƬڶ״̬
ǣ
ǧѸٵɢ漴ķΪһİΧסʹ
ƺǲڲʹ֮УһʲôԷ˵ػǻ˴ػԲʲô¡
Ҷﻺ˵
ǽȥ濴
Ҷ˵
͡
֮
Ԧ֮ҶԼϢʱʼΧѸٵĴ
ҶԦ֮£ٵγһػ׵֮źҶ챾ںһ𣬳ˣ̶Ҳ޷׵ĸоҶĴڡ
顱
ڶεҶȻǼ죬һط˵ϡ

Ҷı΢΢һٵĸоΧƺǲԾ
һֵѪ֮
͡
һâ͵˸ٵն˲񷣬һҲ漴Ĵݳ
㣡㾹Ȼû
࣬˵䡭


1651 ɱ¾
ռ׵裬ŭ𣬷֮˫գܣһĻ֮Ļ㹻ļѺۡ
ձ˺ıڲ㡣
ǻλãһСӰվɣ۵Сϴ˿˿䣬̬ε˵ʣΪԷֻа˾ӡ
ŶԷҶһ˿Źֵ⡣
˫Ŀϣ·ɫ磬գŶԷ˹ȥ
߷ǲҶעӣ˿ĳҶ
顱
֮УһԵ𶯣Ҫն˺ѳΪ棬һȦȦĲƿʼһµٶȳΧʼٵɢ˹Ĳ֮
Сƨþû˰
ҶɫȻ˿˿Ц⣬ؿ˵
Ͱ˾ѣ۵СԲĺܣ·һľ£޳лĺܣһۣɫҫޱȡ
ˣҶʶǻ൱ϤΪ˲ǱԼݺݵؽѵһٵǸСӣӵĶӣ
ǰû뵽㾹ȻԴñ˧൱ľȰ
Сƨﻺؿ˵֮бø䡣
Է֣Ҷüͷ΢΢һ漴ĿŶԷϣʱСƨϣȻմѪ
лһֻһֱۡ
ϸĳ̶ȣԲӿӵеģҴĳ̶ӦһλʮŮֱۡ
棬ʱմѪ׹ɭȻָͣ룬ˣڵ̬޷˿ջ෴ģԸһĪ䡣
Ҷı飬˲
ҲҶСƨ໥ŵʱ̣ңңģ֮ȴҲƽ
֮ϣ»ۣ֮ϵγ·ƿߵĲٿ֮£γĺۼ
Щۼޱȵ·ʻڲ֮ͷųһ˺ĴС
֮Уȴɱ¾ɱ¾
ң
ϵ壬بŴڣʮ㡣
ǣգɽΪҵĩա
Ĺս趯Լɸٵʩչͨâչֵ˼£ѸٵĴ˲񷣬˲ˡ
趯֮УھؼʩչһƬǿգʼؼһо
վڹϵս֮ϣϴű̹ǵЦݣϱ̣ͷ·һʯһͣƺҪеɱϡ
ɱ
ɱ
ɱ
ɱ⿪ʼǿգڵֻҪɱɱһУ
ӿǾԢնɱһУﶼ޷ֿסһеһΨɱ¾ſԽơ
һ˭Ҳ޷ı䣬˭Ҳ޷ֿסɱ¾
ɱɱһѪ·
ӷŭز񷡣
·ضΪŭ𶯶


ϵϵսķź֮·Ҫؼһɱ¾С
һ˭Ҳ޷뵽ֻ
ҵλǣ˲ĲֲϵıǵѪñ䣬ǵĿʼ
£ޱȵĿ£ʵ̫ĺˡ
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жһȨȣһɫȨȣʥ֮УֳȨȣȨȳ̲һװ룬Ǿ޴ʥǰͬһλֳһֻһ㣬Ȩȵȴ൱Ŀֲ
չֳǿԴ
â˸Ĵ֮ʥɢʥͷ·һԶŵħһ㡣
ȨɢɫĹâӿ
ɫĹâγһƬɫĺ󣬳ܿʼҵ趯ûٲһ㴹¡
ƿһƬɫ١
ٴεĻӶȨȣʱͬһƬһ㣬âĳܿʼѸٵı
һ̣֮޲ǱǿеиΪѵĺۼ
ɲ
ٵʵޱǿʥ׵ļӳ£ϵѪҪȼ
顱
һλϵֱӱǿеĵסţĴ̳Ϊ⡣

һλҵŭϵʥ˸
ƾǿ֮͵Ľķռƿأ˫ֽӡķ˸
𣡡

˵µĻɽһ㣬ͷųݻ˫γΪǿĺۼЩۼÿһſɲơ
ԴһƬͿտռ䡣

ۿԼͬ鱻նɱһλսȻ
˵ѾޱȣҪͷϵĳףޱȣһ˫Ŀ쳣ǱĻҳһ㡣
ڿնϾȻγһ׺ɫսס
˫һϣݻޱȷµӡǣ֮ϣɽγɡ
ɽһΪɫһΪɫγµĺۼ໥ĺӦصɽһ㣬Ȼ䡣
صĺ֮Уڰɽ໥Ľ֯һ𣬽֯Ϊʥġ·ڶĺڰɫںһγһɽڰɫһʼ濪ʼײ
¡¡
ռ俪ʼݣΪ֮ڣϵҫչֳ
˭Ҳ޷󵽣һѾൽ˼µˣȻɢ˾˵ǿԺһ̬˵޷ȥȥ
䡱
ն
ͬһӡ£λҵզѪϵļѿ¶˰׹ɭȻӣ˳ȥ֮˴ƬѪȾ˲񷡣
˿ֲʱע⡣
ҵĵǣ׷׵ĸоԼĽǶڲ
һλҵڣһλʵͨʵ뵽˴̫ž۷壬һҪ뵽̫žĵزˡ
Ӱ
֪˭һʱԭĻɢα׵ĳ۷塣
ߣӣ
ǹϵսŭһϵɢ޵Ĺ⻪·ҪضҪմȾΪҫ۵硣
ƻӶ˫ֺʮӡƿڰɽȥ
Ǿ޴֮֮޲ǲѪ׷ɣžһֿܹס
˭˵뿪Լ𣿡
ٵĺ
ߡ
ӵһ˿⣬˫Ŀ磬˲㺮Ѹٵ˫ֽӡʱһâıгС
гףݣ˸âͬҪ»Ҫһ㣬ƣϺͲƣȴӵ֡

һ
䣡
ɹ⻪ȻıγһɼӣӼת£͵йӿͷ·ҪȫĴһ㡣
Ŀ꣬Ե٣


1652 նɱ
١ӡʥӰѪϢ
̬ϢںһγΪаĺۼĺۼ໥Ĵ໥ںϣȫıԲķΧԸоԼϲһĥĲ͵ӡ
ǺεȵһС
ǿնҪΪ֮ʧɫضҪΪ֮ӣϵҫ֮£˸˼£·Ҫ֮йâȫںһ㡣
˭Ҳ޷һеΪˣоˣȫ޷ֿ
ۡ
ٵʥֱӱһնϳΪΡ
׹ɭȻ䣬ѪȾ˲񷣬ʥϵĽǱ˺ѳΪޡ
ˣ
ҵĵӷ׷׵ķĲҽ
ڿʼʱҲԵֿסȴԵû뷨ˡ
㵨ӵ˼£ٵ䣬ӵЩ˵ĵӵ˼¡
ˡ
ֳʥıУ糤һ㣬ɢ
ݿ趯ϵĻ죬֮Уһߣ֮һжҪƿԼһ㡣
ɱ
ǧӵȵ
ݵ˰ǧ
ɱ
ϵǿʼŭ𣬹ϵսֳ⼣߰ߵĳìʼֳ̣漴Ŀ񱼡
ʱǣ磬Ʋɵ֮νɱ¾
ǵ˫ĿѪ죬Ѫ̬ɱ˵ӡ
κεһж޷谭ı֡
ʱ˭ǵȥǣӭЩ
֮УǿΪһب˭Ҳ޷ıʵ
ٵٳҵİ䡣
ʧȥ٣ȻǹϵңȴҲûԭĵֿɱɾ
ӣӣĽҸնɱˡ
һλ˷֮ɫ˵
ص˵ͷ
ֻǵһǺܿһ֪еĹ֪ʱǣ˭Ҳ޷ֿסģңֻɱӺĲѣȴ´ȥĹ壬ƱػΪ֮ģߣһֱӦҲʳģǲֻȵūһȺūȻҲͼԼ˶Կ
ӵ֮ԽɭȻ
ϻ֮ʼζһְĴתۼǲһĤݵĵ
һʱ䣬еˣ׷׵ĸоӴơ
ϲӣûʹ˵Ƿϣ෴Ѿ𽥵ĽԼĵʼı
һλսϲ֮ɫ˵
ص˵ͷ
Ȼҵڣڵıӻ֮£ȴֻжԷĵͺڶԷİ³ɾڵĵزʧȥȴҪµȥ֮ҪԵĿԼĻʳԼȨ
ӵĻ˿˿İ͵⡭
壬ҹɱеҵĵӣһҲ£ǹԣҪ֪˱ʣǾ
ɭȻ˷
ʹ֮С
ɱۡ
Ҷ˫ĿâҪԷȫɵһ㡣
Ƿŭǳ޾ɱ¾֮⡣
ǰСƨȻɱΪ֣ȻҶ첻νĹ塢塢ǻ壬ȴЩڼΪһȵĸǵ൱˽⡣
һֱֻۣ˿˿ĺۼȻֱ۵СĥϣһֻͨͨŮӲŻȥ֮
һŮ͡
ҶѾ޷ǰĺӣСԴˡ
ԷаѾ˳˵ĳ̶ȡ
ɱ¾նɱɱǵ˱ԷҪ׵顣
û뵽㾹Ȼûֶȷʵǲ򵥰Ҹ׷ɱ֮£ܹߵˣ̶࣬ȵȴҲǾ޽еһˡ
Сƨﵭ˵
Ѫֱţϴųı飬·ǶѪζޱȵϲ
һƿأƿؾȨŮˣȻҾܽңҪɱ֪ԼݣԺʱ򣬱øӷ֪ŮǰǺεȵֶĿֶΣǼֱһĻҿϵŮˣû˿ԾܾģڸһᣬһᣬڵϣҰҲһ󷢴ȱ֮ģʱʱ䡣
Сƨ˷ܵ˵ţȴûҶѾʼԽı
һʮӴ޾ɱ¾Ϣ
Ҷǿߡ
һǿߣبŵǿߣʯǿߣΪȴֲ֪νļһڲѰŴ̼
ѰΪݽ档
·Ǹ߹ˣʵȴʲô㡣
һӣֻǰ˾ӣɱ¾ˣȴ˿ûĴ뷨ǻԴΪ֣Ҷ޷ܵġ
򣡡
ռ򣡡
֮
ҶȻ˫ĿԲһ𵴣·ƿڵĳֲ׵һ㣬ضΪ֮һĲ
漴ʩչͨ
Ҷаؼ
ʱҲҶһεʩչǿľҶ첻ȥʹãǰһȴҶһַǵնɱͷ
䡭
аħ֡
һħӡǣ˫ն
СƨһĽӲб˲ᣬ޷к޷޷ֿ
ҶǰѾһˣһûκĴڡ
ۡ
ͷն䣬ֻӶ
ʥӤЦѩɫƣѸٵס˶Էꡣ

һļ֮ͷ˳
ҶЦſŶԷ漴һѸٵĽ飡
㲻˵ģңӵĲȻң
оԷ꾹ȻͼҶʥӤʱķ㽫䳹׵Ľ顣
㲻ɱңҵݸ߹ӵĶӣնɱңܵҸ׷ɱԶ׷ɱʰ׷ɱ㲻˽ҵĴڼֵġ
Сƨ׵Ŀʼˡ
ʥӤƿضԷ꣬ȫ˽һһм䡣
Сƨļ֮УҶ쾪ȵķ֣˻Ĳһ򵥵ļһɱ¾ϻֶϣҪ
֮УҶ춼ҵһȥԼŮ͵ļ䣬Ҳֻһϰٸ
꣬ëû뾹ȻҲѧŮˣ㻹һа尡
Ҷ쳹׵ˣжһɱӵŨ
㲻֪ҵݣһΣҿԵˣҵĸҲ׷㣬һɱңԵĽ޷󵽵ǡ飡
ʥӤ΢ʱԷ׵ѹΪ˷顣
Ҷ΢΢ƲƲͣôķϻ


1653 

ΧƻĺۼҶ΢΢һСƨʵȻٴεıǣﵽһ˵ĵز
ԭǿ󣬵ҶȴҲȣҲоͶԷԿһ£ȴԵû뷨
ʱ䲻ˣСƨļ֮УҶҲҵԼҪĶ
û뵽ӻǿᣬ֮Ѿ׵군ˣµĸˣԷûǷϣ෴ѡ˼ķչȥѰҵµĸĿԿٳһµĻʳɣһｫǵڶʣǸӵǿ󡣡
Ҷ֮ȴһ˿⡣
Ȼǿ󣬵Ҷȴ֪ԷûвʵǰֲڵĹ岻ǰôµĴ֮һ嶼С
ЩĹ壬ǵıһſµǿڳһɵģ˵ҪͼһѰҵͻƣ൱ѡ
ңߣҶ˵Ҳûжٵ棬ˣɣⲻʹ˵һĵطȻӻǾͺѰһɡ
ʹǲ֮أĶǱȻϴССѾ﷭˸飬ʵȴкܶĶûбѰġ
ᣬҶҲѰһ
˭ҲӶġ
ԼġҪĲϺܶ࣬඼меģҶǻ֮֮ѰҵĲҲ٣ȴкܶҪҪҵġ
ˡ
ռһ𵴲
˲ʮâ裬Ĳʮÿһ൱Ŀ£·ħһ㣬ȻԿһӰ֡
һӰһħ
Ҷϵĺë˲
ǿߣ
ޱȿµǿߣ
ԷڿԼôľ룬ԼûзֶԷԵѾˡ
ҿôݵľ֣ԼڲŸо֮˵ס
оʮâԼıĴȥ
ҶͷҲأֱѡ˳֡
ͷ֪ԼһͷӭӶĽ˭Ҳ޷󵽵Ŀ籩Ϯ񱩵ϮὫԼ׵
ȭ
Ҷȭ֣ȥΪ
׻ɷȻıռ伤һƬڣ׻ɷ˹ȥĽݻΪΪǿ磬ɷĲѸٵĿʼֳӰص׻£ɹâ
顱
޴İ׻צǵصйͬһɷĺһ㣬Ľˡ
䡱
ʮâÿһǵصĲħӰڱ˸űϢ
ҶתȻĺˣٴεһаӡȭ
ӣĽԷʮâһѡ

һâ֮Ҷжʱһľȡ
ʮâȻǽÿһǴű̹ǵϢת˵ת˿˿ϲ
˭Ҳ޷󵽵ľ˺ͿֲĲ
Ҷġ߱񽣾ǿƥǺͶԷһȽϣƺС˲٣ԷĽ̲Ͻ⣬Ѿͨ
֮УԸоԷĽǶһ㣬ŲϵѰͻƵʱһǿĽ໥ĶԿ߲ͬסһ㣬ֻȫĵֿţǶԷȴ̵ʱ֮УԼĵֿɸɾ
ÿµĽ⡣
ԷǿѹԼڣҶоŶԷĲԵ
͡
ҶոҪϢһ£ȴû뵽һٴεĳ֡
һ̲ϵĴ֮·һʥİԼǰţ˵Ĺһ
ɫĽݺ۳ңһһ㣬Ѹٵ
ҶüһĲ
֮ѸٵĵȻһ硣
߲
ھȻûѰҵԷټֻڲϵĶŶԷĳ֡

ҶıԲϲսȴ˵ϲè׽ŪţڱŪ
ԷڰԼԼ˵ɲʲô¡
͡
ʢİâͬһƬѩһ裬ǺǰĽˮͰ֮дſµķâ
ռ֮𣡡
Ҷҧгݵкȵ
ۣ֮͡
üһ֮ѸٵķʼܷԲʮ׵ķΧʼѰ
͡
ġƵġ׵ġ̵ġڵġġɫĽٴεĻ˳
Щޱȣ·ʯһǳʢĽ֮Уÿһ㹻նɱһλǿߡ
ģǰҵһŪ˰
ҶüһڵһصĿռҵһ˿һ˿⣬Ѹٵ̤߲ӰصȻĶС
顱
һųȥ
һŴƵĲ֮Ʊ̲߰ʮӳֵǿľ˳
һŲҪ˵ǴƿռˣһҲᱻѵġ
ȻҶһţӰ˲Ľ飬һƬռͷ·ǲһ㣬ܿʼɢˡ
Ҷ建£ԷѾԼǰ
ѵĿռ˸˵Ĺâ裬⽣ݺύ֮УԽˡ
㣬Ƣ
˿˿ҶıǶˣ˲ҪȥἸڣȥоϢ
ɹǣһѰĹӳһƤʵĳȹվˣյƤʳȹ̡Ⱦޱˣ߸ߵ¡𣬾ǿһ۶˸оĴǺεȵľˡ
ŮϣǾԲ󣬸ƺöһУһ൱صӾ
Ȼ˵Ҷ첻ؿأǵע⵽˶ԷǰһԸ֮ȴ̲סĸоԼĺһļ١
ԲȻڸסȴⳤڲһֶô˵ķ羰
ˣȻû˿ı飬Ƭӣȴ㹻޷ȥڸеļ
ޱȵ
ס
һǵҶŮ˺ܶŮĽǺǰŮȽϣԷ˿ĲԼӵеŮˡ
ҶԷӿƱ䣬һ޷봥ϢȴеһŻ桰顱һӵȼˡ
У˭˶һǿҵС
ҶԼͬɨһѲţԷȴҲûһ羮°ͣһ˿Ĳûг֡
ֻڿŵϵһ̲ѪٿŵСƨһڵĳ˿˿ĺâ
һ˿âڵҶеĻѸٵήȥ
һ̵õ壬һỴ̂


1654 ǰʥŮĪ
ɹǣͣٲĹס
һ񽣣ѩһ㣬ȴ޳ĺܣһҵĳ̶ȣǳĽأȻŮ˻ҪһЩɴ˿ɼŮ˵ĵǶô޳
һȺǣѩ񣬷·ǰѩĻ壬⡣
Ҷǿеѹסеһɻȼգ˫Ŀȴ̲סڶԷĽѰš
ԵĻҶ첻ڶԷһԷֱ¸
ʵҲҶŮˣһŮˣ˵Ȼؿʼ
Ī飡
ҶѸٵ뵽˶ԷϢ
ڿ˶ԷϢ֮ҶȴùŹ
ʵϣŮˣֻвʳ֪֪ݵҲؿƿ
ټĲʹֻл˭Ҳ֪ĵۺʲôˡ
СƨΪӵĺȴҲ֪Сƨ
Ī飬һһ޶Ůˡ
飬ʳһڽ֮У񽣰˫Ԩء
ŮˣȻСƨĸףӵţ
Ҷ̲סн
Ӣޱȣʵǿ󣬵λԺգȻŮҪϵʵȻˣҶȴ޷һŮ˾Ȼ⡢ϵĽ
ֻǺܿҶıȴԽĹŹСƨļ֮УϲŮ˾ȻĪ飬ϲһֽɵ˶ĸ׵ϲһֳ׵סԹ⡢ϵ
ȥСƨһĸļһ
ҶƲƲͣԵıһ׳ա
СƨҶ컹Ǻܺ棬ΪСƨļ֮УĪҲһգԷԼĺҲû˿쳣ÿͷ·ڿһʯͷһ㣬Ҳˡ
Ҳܹһ𣿡
Ҷ첻ɵٴαһӡ
ǿʼĿŶԷһԸʵ⣬޶뵽ڹʱ򣬶ԷǷҲ䡣
áô󡣡
þõû˵ţħŹţԲĪ૵Ľе
λŮ຿ԸţûУǾԵıǮۺֻҪԸ⣬ţ籣֤УȻ㿴ţľ㣬ûиĵأֻţΪ㣬ţЩƣġ
ţħ޳ܵĳŶԷ
ϣ
ʡ
ѩɫ񽣣ʮĽ
裬Ѹٵγһζεʥ·
Ҳ
ţħѸٵĲһԼĿˮӳ˶ԷΧġ
͡
һײޱȣȻٴεĴ֮Уðţħţϼȥ
ɭȻĽεȵĿֲȫԼĿ꣬â˸ħӰҪһ˿˿Ĳƴﵽһʵʣռ俪ʼһĹʡ
ȻԷһҪţħţ޸նϡ

ǹϵţҵĺ⣬ţħʱ˵ĶҶ
Ҷû˵ǿռ֮ȴѸٵķԷĽ¡
ռ֮Ĳ𣿡
Īﻺؿ˵
ö֮ȴû˿ͷ·ûκεܹĸı䡣
磬øˣţܲˡ
ţħƨƨߵܵҶ˵
Ϳǿռ֮ȷʵѵá
Īٴε˵
Ҷı鿪ʼ
ΪԷԼǶԷ˵һεı䣬ȴƭ˵ģԷ֮УԵĲں
ǵģһ㶼ںͬԼĿռ֮Ǵ·˭ӵһ㡣
ݣƺڵʥŮǰεʥŮڣֵŰ
ҶûĻشԷǿŮˣЦ˵
ڣһصţ֮У޲ǿµĹνţ֮Уʵ̫ˡ
ܹ֪ЩҲΪСƨļ䡣
ֻҶǺ棬֮УʥŮϵĴڣԺ󽫻ʥӽϵŮˣΪ֮Ϊµ֮һ
ڴйϵڣޱȣȻڿ£еʵȴҲǳܹ󵽵ġ
ӾȻĪˣѵ˵ڵı˵֮仹ĳֽס
Ůˣܶʱ򣬶ԳΪٳɽ׵ĸڣĪŮˣ˵Ůˣκεһ˶Ҫȥġ
Ļ̫ˡ
ҶĻĪƺΪ˵񣬵˵Ҷ˵ݣ
㲻ɱġ
ĪٴεĿһ۵ϵСƨʬ壬˵
ʳӣĪʵ̫Ĺ˵㣬ԼӵȻܹ˵ĵҶûǿˣ仹ǸŮˡ
ɱ˾ɱˣΣ
Ҷ֮У൱ĵ

͡
ֽĪĽ΢Ȼڻﻹûµ˲ˡ
ҶҲһֱڽ䱸ŶԷһ￪ʼֵһ˲䣬Ҳʼˡ

һı֮Уŵ޴ѩɫǳһ˺ѿҶҪնȥ
ԷĽ޳ޱȣһεεŮӻһ޳񽣣Ȼû˿Ѹ͵ĺܣʵټ
Ҷɫ䣬ӡٵһת֮Уֱӻ˾ӰȻݺݵĳŶԷ߶ȥ

Х

޴𶯺֡
ӴĽӰı֮£ʱѵҶȴ漴̤㣬ݺݵĲΧĿռ䣬ŶԷǿеĳȥ
ߡ
һĺ
ȻǱ䣬Īȴʮֵ࣬һ޷ĸо
ֻڶԷĽ֮Уȴɱ¾ҶɲǻΪԼǸž͸ܵŮ
ǶԷȻޱ飬ԼնɱĶӣεģһǲѡֵͣġ
ϡ
ٶ
һĽħӰʼĪı
⽣ħӴ̲ϵħ壬ݣȻҶ˲ĸоԼĺһļٺѡ
ǿ
һ𾪡
Ҷڵ֪Լ˴
ǰŮˣԼƴ˶Էʵ
һΪһۺܹ˵ĵ΢

һ֡
Ҷ徹Ȼѹȥ
䡱
һħӰѸٵĳУ趯̣ҶݺݵشѹȥĽ塣
Ѫɡ
顱
Ҷɫ䣬ٵʩչͨԲ֮Уٵıƿء

о˶Էǿ֮ҶҲȥֱӵĳԼΪǿ
̫ӡǿʼ֣̬ӣǳ֮ʼ롣
ٵն˶ԷĳֽĳĪǰһػ

û뵽Ҷ찤ԼĽ֮󣬾Ȼû£Īһ̲֮ס¶˿˿ľȡ
⾪ȴѸٵʧһ˿صЦ⣺
ǡǵ


1655 Ů۽
飡
䣬񱩣ǿĽʣͬħŭء
ߡ
ҶһɫЩҰף˿˿⿴ǰĪ飬ڴ˵ʵԵľ赽˼¡
վת⣬廯Ͼ֮ˣ·ں֮һ㣬ڵػš
ĪĽǷ֮ϵļħԽľȡ
ǰ֮˵ʵȷʵֲӵʵͨ죬û뵽ѰҵŶôĿ¡
֪Ů˺ԼѾǲݵľ棬ҶȴЩӡ
˧𣿲ʵǿһЩ𣿡
ţħ˵Ҷ
ʱǽħӰԵ谭ҵжϣ⵹Ǻҵļżֵơ
Ҷ쵭˵
ļ򣬿˵УԷĽħӰĺ㹻һ˵ˣ־£˸޷ﵽ̶ȣֱӱ˺˲䱻նɱˡ
ȥŮˣڲĶ֣һζĺսûʲôô
Ҷ˫Ŀâϣͬ׵һ㣬²ϵ˸š
ǰĪ飬ͨѾ뵽һ൱µĵزŶԷһҶǸоǰŮһԼƽķӡ
ֶѾĳܣһζսȥľԼ
ġ
ţħ˵ͷ˵
û뵽ȻôĿֲСǿߡ
ҶЦ
Ů˵սڴĵزԷ֪ΪʲôһֱûжԼֶΣĻҶˡ
Ȼ˵ĻǾͳְɡ
ҶȻһ漴˫Ŀ˲伤񽣡
֮
а֮Ҳǰ
Ī鿴ҶֶΣҡҷˣеѩɫ񽣾Ȼٵ趯â˸ٵĵʮ
ôܣ
ţħţԲȫû뵽龹Ȼӡ
Ҷ֮൱˽ģһֱûʧֹֻǲ֪Īζȥġ
ϣ
衣
𶯣εƵţĿռƬΪ֮Ͽγϸ΢ȾһƬĺɫơ
ˡ
Ӱ趯ԷȻһƬƬĺڶٵĳҶٶȿľˣ˸ǿһνɵĿȻһħ֣Էֳ־޽̴գҶǰѸԴһնȥ㹻Ҷ쳹׵ط
ÿ졭
Ҷд󾪣û뵽ĪĽѾﵽ˻໥ںϵĳ̶ȣƿԼĻ
ΪҶеѡ뿪

ŭһƻХϲޱȣ·˲񷣬˺һ㡣
ǽѾߣҶ췴û˿ľȺ͵ӣ΢һ޴Ӱ
ľ
޴ʥӰչ֣·ʥһ㣬ǿ
˫ֻĪĹ죬׵裬ڿٵһ㡣
ȭӡȭ
һضڲһﶼʼ飬Īڴˡ
ȭ̲صȭ⣬ʱĪ¶һĨȵɫһεľȣȻҶʵ̫ˣľˡ
Ī飬һΩƿأ򽣵Ͻ뽣ͬһĴ󣬷·һҲû
ʵҲȷʵˣ֮ԻӲҲԵɣֻԵȴ޷˵ˡ
Ī飬һǿߣʥŮŮĴڣһǿߺֹǧǰҶȴδһˡ
״ݣһ޿Ұȭ˫ߵĽ໥һ𣬿̫֮ӡƿ£ȫڹͳ
顱
رѣҶ˫ֺһ𣬻ɽ裬͵ĳŶԷĽȥ

һǿһȭۺںϣһȥͬѹǳһǿĲӣĹ綼
⹬ι̣Źϵ·ػһȭͱĻȥˡ
䡱
޴Ľѣ绷̫һ̬£ȻĪҲ˰벽
Ȼֻǰ벽ĪʲôʵǿǴ̫žΪ
Ŷ㹻طġ
ҶƲˣŲ̤棬ѿĹƣ˫ȭһһٴεĿ衣
顱
һѸٵĳ֡
ĳγ˻ɫĪ־ȥ
Ҷһ̣ȭƺǽ뵽һµĲΣȭ죬ѪڣɢĲͬبŵؼİһ㡣
ϣ
Ȼ
ҶռȻһȭȭĻӶȥضڲ֪ԼĪǿ󣬵ڵȴõȻһһʽչֳȻĪ񽣲ϵĵֿ֮
ɽӡ
˫ֻ̫Բһʱգҵķɱ˳ȥٵĽޱĪĽ
ߡ
Ҷٵĺȵ
漴ļԦţħʼ񱼡
ϡ
һ衣
ˡ
һ̣һײе˺һϵ̫ɽӳʢѸٵĳҶ׷ȥ
Сôٶô죬㲻Ƿˮ˰ɣ
ţħɴԼţۺ
ƨ㵹Ƿŷҿ椵ʵڴ̫žĵزӵĿ£նҵıɽӡȻҲѵ顣
оɭȻҶʱһ硣
С椣
Ī΢
֮
͡
һΣĪˡ
ܰ
Ҷ߶ţħĪȥڶԷ彩Ӳʱ̣һƳŶԷȥ
ž
öȻиƤʵȹӣȴɿԸоĴУʮ㣬ҶоԼƶе᲻õķſˡ
ܰ
ţħĽĿҶƣʱԣ޲õԼӡ
䡭
ҲҶ񱼳ȥӵʱ䣬һǿĽȻĳ
յĿֲ漴չֳһѡ
֮·Ƿ籩һ㣬Ϊ촷ۡ
ã
Ҷû뵽Ů˾ȻôٶȾˡ
Ů۽
䡭
ʯ䣬ŵȻĵķ۳裬䣬֮ϣǦƿʼתγ˹˳
ıŷȥγһһ㡣
ŵۣݣư磬ޱߡ
Ůۣ
ԷȻһŮۣ
ôŮԸ񰡡
ţħֽһѾӿ񱼹
ŮľƤ޲١
űڹĪ飬ҶԺйĳһ仰


1656 
䡱
ֲ𶯣֮ϵĽʱĿռ䶼ʼĹ˳
һŮ۵ӰŮֳۣ񽣣˫Ŀâף˺ǿգ֮ϵǳڱǿе
һ̣ʹսʿǶ
һǿֳֽ֣߳ٵĳ֡
š
Ҷһţħ壬ٵ֮Уһ޴߱ӰӳֶҶţħٵɽβ˦ֱӵȺ˵ıٵ˿ռ֮ڣʧ
䡭
ĪӰֳ
ϡ
λսʿĹ˵ϣ
ܣˡ
ǹϵսǣĹС
ǵۺ󰡣ӵĶ裬֪Ҷ쾹Ȼ˲ʹ֮Уǻ֪ɾʹˡ
Īδһűľȴ˵ı䡣
Ȼû֮ȴǿԿĳ˸ĻǶôĿɲ
оԼǻʹĪڵؼȴҲ޷ڸסеŭ
ȻҶԼ֮
ĻˣҶһֻȴ̲ӴľǻʹĪ߷
ʹȷĸԼƨѾǺ׵һƬˡ
ӶԼȴҲû˵ĵ죬Ҷ쾹Ȼˣ
ɱҵĶӡ
Īı˵
䡭
˵һĲ
ʱǸоԼĺʼü
޷ɵġ
ĪĶ˭ǿӵıżҲ޷Էһë
ССͣʵͨ죬㹻ĺذܾӵ谮˭˵
ڣȴˣ
ⲻ
ҵǸˣȻҪԵնɱ
Īôı䡣
ֻ˭ҲûпĪһ֮У˸ĹâǶôŭ
ÿֲŮ˰
ţħе
Ů˺ܱ̬
ҶΪȻ˵
ȥˡһεս϶ܺ档
ְƹţħ൱š
ӵʵ̫ǿˣնɱСƨ֪һǵöôĳޡ
ȷʵˡ
ţħΪȻ˵
߰ɣֻҪСĵĻҲû˿ǵǵġ
Ҷһ˿˵
ʱȻӵĶ֣ȴҲδغԭǰ㲻ˡ
첻𾳾۷̶ȣͻҲֻһ֮ң׵֮µĲΡȭӡȭ򡭡ľѧʩչ
ҪնɱҶ죬ҲñҶǰһƤɡ
ߵٶȾˣȻĪ޷׷Ҳû˺֮ǣߵĵ·Ҳʼ仯˺ܶࡣ
͡
ߴԼǰ֮󣬲ƿ˿ռ䡣
Ҷ콫߱ڣ߽䵽˵ϡ

ոյĽ䵽ҶоΧϢԾ
ô£ƺҵذɣôģ
Ҷɫ΢䡣
ĿģΧʬ壬Ѫʳɺӣ׹ɭȻѻɽ
ʥ׵ƬеƬƬ޲ΧƯš
սϢӿȥĿˣţ֮ҲֻãȻ޾ţ·Ƕһеʧȥԭϣһ㡣
ҵĵ𣿡
Ҷ¶˾ȵɫ
ֻһϵĳС
ųǵڲȴѻһСС
Щ໥Ĳϵһ𣬹İ
ڣҵĹųȴ·һŮٸ󺺵ȦȦһ㣬̬Ϊ֮𶯡
ҶʲʲôˣȴһֱŷԼԭ
˲Ҳˣǧ
ǼˣЩ޹֮ˣҶȴѡֵġ
һָһ˵ĸ
ΪѾħû˿ˡ
ɱɱϼһȻҺΪУ
ңңһЦҶ춴쵽ˡ
ȻԼ߰ľ룬ȴǿñȽ
ȥ
Ҷһ߷ڶңͼҵ㱦ţħ
һƬ㳡
㳡֮ϣٸսʿڳԹһΧһŮŤԼ塣
ѩɫļڲԲĽʹţȴ޷ѵЩսʿǿ塣
ˬȻСŮ񫡣
һһȥʮСϷйš
Сϴʹı飬ҪŤʹӲûͣЪ¶˸ӷͻõı顣
۵ڷͦţйԼеķ

ǡȺޣǲˣ
һλ߷ĺ
ϣͷųһƣˡ
˵˫ѾѣɼĿԿһͬ֩һĳڼϣȻתѾﵽһּ¡
϶
һսʿЦ
顭
һʥ״һŲ˶ԷֱۣصĲԼĽ¡
ϼһŮɣò˵ζ൱㿴Ů˵ԺŮˡ
ͦĸӷ
һȺú𱩶ǲʹ˰ݵġ
߷ĺ
ݣӴˣӴبŵһߣʵֱ֮׷棬Щ΢Ĺ֮ˣԭǺܽǵҲǲʳµūҪκεˣҪֵĻ͹ǵļ٣׳գѡӶԿ
ǿսʿϴɫܿļȴһĲ
žžžž
ٶԽԽ죬ȻһѾ뵽һٽ㡣
ӳ㰡ˣǻ񰡡
İɣһεǣȻźôŮ˶ǡ
ȫµСŮǷ۵̬ٶϱøѸ
Ҫ
ͻȻ֮䣬СŮ˫ĿԹɫ
ٵı׵Ĳ
á
һ˼ٵĽ
䡭
һɲıʱģһм˱ȫˡ
СŮȻѡԱ
ɱǣΪǵ˱𡣡
СŮΪʱҲһ˵ķŭȻûǿ似ڵȴԱ
䡭

ҵı˵쳹
˲ʱ䣬Ѫ⿪ʼɿ
ҲҲҽҵŮ׳ǣŹҰɡ
һĿ
һңһӵܰȻǲˡ
һλսʿЦ˵
ˣ֪ҵŮ̵Σ
ӾȻڵϣһĵָʹŮ˵

սʿЦԽ
𣿡
΢΢ĵͷȻ̧â˲Ŀʼ˺ѳ


1657 ȣ
ãթ
ӵ񣬶ʱ˷Ӧ˹ĺ
ȥɣʳǡ
ӵ

һĺʼӶԷϾӰ֣Ȼ˲˺˶һˡ
ЩսʿǲʳΧӣеȻҲֻܹǹѰӣʩչؼۺ졢͵ӣԵǶ˽ɵؼʵѰʱ

Ѹٵ˺ʮ˲Űݡ
ɱ㡣
һսʿͷĺ
ݴŷŭ
ɶԼıô࣬һο൱صġ
ˡ
һֻֿٵذʩչ
çţ
ӡչͬһʯһ㣬ĽԷĺ顣
ˡ
һλսʿҲ漴ʩչԼֶΣһìͨȥʱգķ
顱
ӵۿžҪˡ
ǶԷȴķ
ɣɡ

͵˲䣬Ȼը
䡱
·һ޴籩չһ㣬֮ȻըΪõĺۼ
һĴ˽ӽ˵
ɱ
ҲѪȼգҲвģҲǳ޵ӵʱΧγһƬ֮
ŮĿʼˡ
ߣǷӡ
һȴ൱ʵãһ˵ǳ׵ʧ֮һж⣬⡣
Щսʿǣ׷׵Ŀʼˣ¶˾ɫ
ɱ
ʳսʿǣ¶˾ɫȫû뵽Ⱥ˾ȻҲҷԼˡ
ʥף
һ˺ȵ
𡭡
ƻХһյ崣ȻγһֻĲ֣֮ƻɷ֮УָӲȻӡ
ô£
һֵֻ֮ʵ̫Ӵˡ

һֳ֣ʱһ޴Ӱ˵ǰ
һȥޱӴӰߴʮףֱֻۻӶ֮翪صսһ㡣
䡱
һֻĲ̤ȥʱһƬѪȷ硣
޴Ӱشÿһؿʼ֣ʮ𾪣ʥ衣
֮ˣҶ죬ȻңҶҲûʲôøУһڵЩ׷ɱ
ΣҶȴϲѰ֮˳֣ⲻʳʵ̫ˣǾȻǣһȺЩΧĵӣˡ
ˣҶʱųˡ
䣡
ȭͷӳʱɽѣ֣չᣬӰһȭ֮չֳ
âסһֻȭͷʹħ֮øӴ
á󣬵Ϯ
һλսʿŭķգȻҲһߡ
ⲻʳˣȻпᣬսȴ˿ĲȻҶʵˣʹޱȵľ㵣ȴҲǿеİеľ֣ʼʩչͨ

һӰʼ
λսʿֱֳվһγһƣǲʳĴУһͨõȴ˵Ĺս
˾ͿϣӣҲʼøǿԽ࣬ԽĿ񱩣ţǿƣһԪ
ȻƣҶ첢δ΢޴ħ֮ıŷƿħ֮ǿӶȭͷȭ׷׵ӿȥ
ȭӡȭ໥ĵӣͬȭһ㣬֮޲ѣֱ֮ӵĽǸղŷսʿ顣

Ҷֲ飬˲ħ֮ԼΪǿһȭ
ϵսʼͷųܣӰȥ
顱
ȭݺݵؽЩε顣
ݣռѪ⣬ƮңԶľ룬ԲʮķΧԸоһɷΧǵ֮ϡ
ǿǣ׷׵Ĵ󺧲ѣҶֱһħ񣬾ǸǣȴҲûնɱݽֶΡ
Ѫ׷ףһȭ֮£˺ȻıըѪ⣬Ůɢ̬ܹ
⻹
ҴҵĵǣĸоԼĺһļ٣вޱȣһֶΣҪ˵Ǽˣ˵û˵
£֮û˿ìܣαغΪУڸ˫ǺΪеĻǾںʳơ
һ˷ȵ
ֱ̬ʵûʲôȡʤİգοģԷڻûжȫ
ҶɫĮҲٴεһȭɱһΣûʩչħ֮󣬶ѡɱȥ
ս
ҶֶΣ˶ʱҲŭ죬ĺ
ߡ
Ҷһ˫ָǣγɾȭӡȭ
ֿµȭʱ˳ȥ
顱
ӳĳ֣ͼҪֿסԷȭ˲䱻һƬȭӰ֮С
Ӵİ׻ޣɲӰӣŽﾡĴݻٵ
ɡ
Ҷﵭ˵
û˿֮飬еֻǶһȺ˵
ɱ˲ͷһӵȴ׵Ҷⲻʳû˿һȺ
ߣ
һ˵ĸҶĵ߱ˣѾʧȥԣҶȻҲǽ
ʱȭӰâ˸ƻ
顱

һֲı֮Уʱطγһ޳أ簢ǵѪ
˶ѣֻˣЩˣȻΪģ̬
һʱ䣬ҵҲ׷׵ĸоԼп־˼¡

ţħĳ֣һϲֳɵģħ̥ȻϲѪȺɷɷʮ㣬棬ѪӵķḻʱƨƨߵĿʼҶı󣬴ڵΧ
ҶҶһҶ
ʱ˾
Щڵϲдսʿǣϸӵ¶˾ɫ
ҶȻֿ֮ͨȴһݽɫ˭Ҳ֪˭Ҳ֪˭
ңԷӣԾһӡ
һǣ޹ҵķΪУǲˡ
ӵĴҲͰˣڣǿû¡
أ
ŽµһڴϢսʿҶ쵭˵
Ѿȥҡ
Ӳ˵
𣿡
Ҷ΢΢һ漴Ŀӿ
Ѿ׵ˣԼѡԼ·ɡ
ΧĿǽӣҶ쵭˵
࡭л˵ľ
һλм˵
Ȼһε壬ºҶҲһЩϵһȴ˭Ҳ²⵽ģοľ֪ܹΣ
ǿʳһ

Ҷ̤գţħѸٵ뿪Ҫҡ


1658 һֽ
ӿѹǡ
ɱ֮ţ·Ҫһжһ㣬ǿ޲ڲţ֮ϵǳ·Ǹоһɳɱʼ΢΢˸ԼĹ⻪
ս죬ս˻ʥסʥ޻סսĿȥѹѹһƬ˵ĳ̶ȴѾ㹻Ϊ֮ѡ
ս
ս
ڹϵĻƽ֮ϣ¶˿˿ɷϸͽ˿˿⣬趯顣
һĻƽɫĻ죬һۿŶ棬·˼ʲôǸƺʤȯա
ǵĶ棬һ޴Ĺųǣų߰ߺۼŹϵϢɫĹų·
Щ·ǹϵƣڲ̲ӴʱЩ·ڻζһһ㣬׵ĸ߿֮ϣγһƬϡ
ӣһȷˣȻҪǿ٣һΣǵĵȴԳǵѾĴϢԷǵȴ׵ޣ޷ӳǵƿء
һλв˰̺۵ӻؿ˵
һ޴񴸣滹һƬƬѪûиɺԣӴ˿˿Ѫ⣬Ȼ񴸴˲ǿߵ
һλϵս񣬵ʵȴѾ˼£֮ϣһľһ¡˫Ŀ˸ѪĹâ
Ǻǡ༹ڱΪޣǼҲһֱʹޱȰ
սѿϵЦݳ֣ЦȴƺǸӵ񼸷֣
Ǽĳ裬ǵ޵Уÿһĵ޲˶ģһҪΪУԵĲܹöԷӴš

ӷЦ
ϵı֮ɫҲʼԽŨ
ߣңһ֪ļһԵҪҽΪ׼ңȴû뵽ԷȻʷҪֻܹȡ
ӵɱ˸һΣν澡ʧ
ɱ
һ֣·ǵĻ꣬ڿ裬ȾһƬı֮
𡭡
ŭ漴ݶ䳹ա
䡱
ͨ޲չֵ쾡µĵزʼ裬ʱ֮УһȦȦʥ߿񱩵ӡǡ
¡¡
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棬һųǣ·Ǽնɱһ㣬սʿǰΧ
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ȻģЩ˼Ҫųǵһ𣬶ʱޱɱ¾Ȼı˳ϢεȵĿֲֻųǽ棬ԭŤƿٵı·𱻾ѵһ㣬ŤԽǿҡ
ں
罣һɱ֮Ȼӿų֮ͷų

һ񱩵ı֣ʱһųһȻƿԭķǿеĴޱߵƻ֮ЩսʿѸٵĳȥ
ۡ

ʲô
һĲҽʹ˳֡
ҽεȵľˣͬһ̫ŵɽһ㿪ʼӡ
ʳǺô
һϵŭݳ
ʱɸ߿֮УһζεѺ۳֣һľЯɱ˹ȥ˺ʮʥס
ħ񣡡
ٴεһ߳һɫӰֳ
Ӱ֮УӰֳһУȻ˺ʮʥޣʥ޵ʥ׻ҪǿͿ£ڶԷħӰǰ·ֽһ㣬֮һоıƬ
һ󣡾ȻǹһҹȻʵۺĹ壬Ҫǿ̫ˡ
ӵɫ̬·ǿԵˮһ㡣
һѾõĹһ𣿡
һλϵ̲ס˫Ŀâؿ˵
ţһڹϵʱڱйϵͨڲʱǿĹǰܵشʧ
ӵ˫Ŀâ·һ㣬˲ʧ
ͷţ·ǴǿȼЧҵըһըʹÿռ䲻Ŀʼȥķѡ
ֻת˲ѣӵ±Ѿʧ˽ӽǧˡ
ÿµҰ
ǹϵļ壬ڿӿ֮Ҳδصܹκסҡ
ߣʳεȵʵҲֻһʼҿҪҲǲܵġ
һ˳
ΧɲֻһУΧҲŲٵޡ
ʱһ໥أ֮ȴ˿˿ĺ֮ɫ
ڲ
صڼλϣʱĳϺƿǷ׷׵ľۼ໥š
֮⣬ϵսʿʼص߶ţǵһЩ׵ĺӺޣЩҵϣˡ
ΧѾ׵նɱˣ
һ˴֮˳ȥ
Ϊ׵һˣȻһޱȵˡ
һɫף͹£ħƤɵ׽ǽеޱˡ
ҵһλϣʵǷȻȥѾģǷɲǸӵˡ
ˡ
׵˵ͷ˵
Ѿ֮еӺΧŵȫ˳׼ˣһãǽ˲ı뿪
һλɫص˵
ž
Ȼһƣ¶˿˿⣺
ܺã
ΧһȦˣ׵¶˿˿Ц⣬Ц֮ȴűϢ
λһǼΪڰʱˣСһμȻӣǾҪĵҪǼЩ֮꣬ĹϵѺãһҽϿԿóǵЩҲӸȥ˵һΣҪĿԺС
Ҫˣ
һλϻ˵
ҵĴϣԷȻȥϵĺܣһΪȴ˸һ˫˿˿ĺ⣬·Ƕһ䣬ǸԼĴһĨת
һΣϷҪⲻʵĺˣܹﵽεȵĳ̶ȣȻҪǾ͸һξϲϷƴҲҪ֪ңֽϻ
ǰ˵ĶԣǺǸɣ̵ãôʱˣǲʳΪԼô˲ء
΢΢ĵ˵ͷ
ãȻԷҪҲǾɽȥġ
֮䣬ɱȻӵ˼¡
ɱ¾֮ʤղţ


1659 Ѫ
Ӵˣڸô죿һǲ򵥣ս䳹׵ĺɱɡ
Χ֮Уһмλϵս̲ס˵
ҪսȻ£еȴҪʯϵĲ䣬սССĹһ˵ֱǴСð
һ󡭡֪ȱ֮
ӵ¶˿˿Ц⡣
͡
һлشӵ
ɢĲ֮Уʥ˸·һŵһ㣬µľ൱ӴǱƿУпܻ˺ѵһƬա
ס
ҶͻȻȵ
ըףϮ
ǹųǵײ֮ǿµķ羲ˮһ㣬س˿˿Ĳơ
ں
𶯵ʼΧݣţԼԷԿõ
ͶҲʳʿԿ϶õĺôʶʱΪܣִԲὫļȫȥҲҪȥɡ
ӵݵĺԶǷԲǧķΧ
һӰȻӶΪ֮Ȱˡ
ͶĻδزһ£ҲԼļĴȥҿǵõϢѾ׵ˡ
УΪͶ𣿵ʱδػĺܺãأǹ壬ҫһС
ΧٴεĴݳȻǶܵĺԶǱˣҲδػ˻ȥǵ鷳Ȼкܴһġ
ӣ㲻ڣʱ˵ǿ̫ˣʵϻϣ޷ɻʣҾ֪ǲʳҲܲҰ֮ϵ鲻֪ǲѾݵ˸
Լʮʱ䣬ų֮д׵ǺȻģһδصľҪӺ˵ӵȰҲֻ֮¡
ߡ
֮ȫһգȻ˵˵Ҫؽ֮εȵѡ
㻰ĳ֣ԼľĿĪĴȻĿȥѾ˲ʳսʿǣѾ΢΢Ŀʼɫ

ŭһʱҪʿ
ߣ
ӱΪĳν
ΪʵĴߣǼʳͳͳμ̳ߣĴ˵ʵ̫ˣѪ츳ͨӳ֮콵Ⱥ꣬裬С
еĸ֮㹻Ϊ֮գΪӼ֪ʵ
ǴӴûĶùԼȫֹȴҲû˼֤ӵʧܡ
Щŵӵʵһֱһգ˴Թһ̫ž۷ǿ߶Կ飬ѹǺӵ
ȻҲһ˵ںһ˵ȴҲʵͿһ󵽵ĵزˡ
˵Ĵ֮£ǣ׷׵Ҫȥ֤ӵǿ󣬵Ȼ˴󲿷ֵ˶Ǵһìܵ
Ҫʶӵǿ󣬵ȴҲҪӵʧܣ֮ģȻǿ󵽵ġ
ն
ɭȻɱ⣬쳹գΪ֮𶯣ռΪ֮ŤǾ֮ϵǳҪҡҡ׹Ĳϡ
͡
˫֮Уޱȣâ̴ųһ㣬һػâ֮зٵײ
䡱
һ֡

ڵͷţڿʼֱ֣һ

ޱȣ񷡣
â˸أǿǸоԼ˫ĿΪ֮Ĵʹ·Ǳ̫䵽һ㡣
֮ϵĲºǳΪ֮ա
ɱɱɱ
ʳսʿĺȵ
ʿʱı
¡¡
г֣ɽӣ¡ϣ֮У·ǹһ㣬һʥĺۼ
顱
޴ĵݺݵײ˹һػâ֮У˾ۼ֮УǵȻû˿ɬֱӵ뵽˹ųǵ
͡
ݺᣬ˺Ѵء
ʮĵ汻˺ѳΪ룬Ǿ޴ķ϶·Ԩһ㣬ɢľʯ֮¡
һڵĿʼ˰
䡱
һʼ֣һ濪ʼٵĲ

ŭڵϾȻһֲУеĹ⻪ɣķ켫ء

žž
֮Ǿ֮зɿγɡ
䣡
ʳսʿǣȻǿ˼£¶˷ɫںһʿˣ񷣬֮ϵǳ׹£һƬ
ɱ
һһɣ裬Ұ̬̫һҫۣ֮ٵʣѪˣķ
ɱȥ
еУӷȵ
ɱ
սʿĺȵ
ֲֿƣͬһħһ㣬ħ֮Ĵ¿ʼ񱩵ĳȥ
ɱ
һʥ׿ʼӹų֮ͷų
·һ˸ž˵âелӶγһƬĹ
ٵ˺ǰһսʿ
ҵսʿҲʼˡ
壡
˫֮ĺ
սʹ˱
âħ⡢ǹӰӰС䵶
ı·һ˲֮ʱ̿ʼײУ˾򶼿ʼ
ɱ⣬Ԧƽʥչ֣ͬһλʱ䡢ռ䡢棬ڹϺδɱķ

һŭ𴫵ݳ
ֻһֳֳìϴ֮һֻ޴ħޣì˸ͬһֻħһ㣬ûìӰӣÿһɭȻϢ
ۡ
ۡ
һĲʳսʿڶԷǰû˿谭ֱӱ

ŭһȻչֳһ޴Ӱӡ
ͨһ޴
֮ŭ𣬾޴ıӷ·һһ㣬ɿൽ˼£ȻγһƬǺӱ

ٴεһսʿ˺ѡ
һŭɽѣɽһﵹǲ򵥡
ӵ˫Ŀħ⣬ǳȴɭȻޱȡ
ߡ
һλսĺһһµīޣֳìŶԷ֡
ì裬ȻһƵӰ
˻
˻ᣬȴ̲һƬգ֮޲ǽ䳹׵Ϊޡ

£ͬؼһһȻΧγһƬĺڶ
鱻ȥ
ˡ
ϣ
ìصײһ
ˡ
ĳź浹˹ȥȻߵʵ൱
û뵽ҾȻо˹ϵѪ֮ˡ
ӵһݻӰļһ񡭡


1660 벽
̹壬ǵļҪ޵ΪԴ֮ȻҲǿʥףǵҪо֮С
һλΧĹ˵
ǵҲ˵˭Ҳ޷ȥ󵽵ģ죬磬ݻ磬ⶼǴ˵ڹϵ֮мأԶʱڣйϵĴһȭһƬԪǿǴԪһȭһƬĴԪֱ޷󵽵
ӵﻺؿ˵
ʥףⱾҲֻСҲѾ㹻ˣֻҪǽ֮ѪоҲΪǵĶʱ򣬱ʵڴѾоʲô̶ˡ

ҵĹѪ֮ˣŭһȻһâĴ̴λǿߵ
䣡
һȭӶȥĽԼĶɱ顣
Ѫģ֮Уһ߿ŭīޣϵɱ֡
͡
˫Ŀ˿˿âԷȻֳìȥ

ŭһһС͵̫ħɽһ㣬Ϯ
¡¡
տʼ

ӵݴ˿˿⣺
顱
΢΢һʱһĨĲⲨʼٵĲɿķ
һССķǱѪķʽоĶѣҲҶԱ˵ķ
ӵݳ
ں
ì裬Ѫ֮еìʼٵĲһƬìӰûĲͬǴ󽭴һĹ
ߡ
һ˦ʱһ˾㵵һĻˣìȻǿ赭дһĴ˳ȥ
顱
ɣ̤֮䣬һֻչ·ǻһ㣬ٵľ˵ľۼ
ȵĳŶԷĲץ˹ȥ
ĳ̶ȣǸСӵ硣
ӵЦ
Ժ֮вɵóҶӣеĺȻ˳
չ赭дһУ̲صı仯ȴǧ򻯣˸޷ȥƿأҲʹŶԷΪ֮޷˸޷ӶݵĿܡ
䡱
һֻס˶ԷĲӣӳ趯ϵĻ֮أޱߵ𶯣һӰʼѸٵĳ֣˸ޱߵͷ·ҪصĲȫͷһ㡣
žžž
ٵı˳ӵεȵľˣҵĵҲֻ£ȡ˹ʥ͵ѪеһǸӵǰͷ·һֻһ㣬ס˲Ӹ޷
ҶȵʰЩ֮ҿεĶӡ
뵽Ҷɵʧ裬һȻı˳
ɱ
ӣ㵱ΪԼ޵Ҵôõʱ䣬ǲʶ޷շοһС
һ˷ȵ
ݹӣĹ⻪һ˫˸ǻ֮⣬һ˫·ǿı仯һ㣬ޱȵͿ¡
ڴ˵ıһеļվУҵǣֱֳվ߼Ԧʥףħ֮ϣ޲ó޵ӡ
ȻҵĴϣû뵽㾹Ȼš
ų˿˿⣬ȴ˿˿΢Ц˵
ǰǲʳĵǶǶһ㵹ϷʵľˣȻˣϷƺǼ֤ĸʳ䣬û뵽ٶȣʳȻм̳ߣӣ㵱ε𣿡
ݵȻģȴϬޱȣ˵֮Уÿһ仰Ǵ㲨
㣡
ӵĻʱһϣԵĲǶԷĶ֣ϼһĻȷʵ˵ĺȷ
ǰεĵ֮У޲ǶʵЩ˵ԭģֻԭȴԵĲܶ˵
ҵĴ⻰ѹˣò
ˡ
елӶϵߣ·Ĺâһ㣬ޱȵĿ¡
ʳΪˣ˭Ҳ޷ıģʶĻҿѡЧңĻҾǵĽѵȻǿ󣬵ȴҲδǿ٣ϣǿԼõѡ񣬷򣬱ʲ⽫ȫɱ
УʺΪԼ˭
һλƢ𱬵ĳ˵
Ǵѡˣ
ӵȻһ䡣
ѾȺһû˿ġ
ǺǡСǸЦ㻹Ϊǹӣȥ𣿡
Ц˵

ͻȻĴЦ
ȻıŷһĻ֮֮ݻ

ŭ˳̲֮ޱߵزͷ·Ҫضһ㡣
žž
׵ϼӳֳ֣Уվ֮УϵĻ۲ϵ죬һ˫ݻޣͷųĺۼ
ƣȻıŷ˳
ռ֮һĹŹ֣ŹϢϵĳ֣ϵ˵ɫʼ
ǡ
һλʧĽе
ؾޱ䣬Ǧƿʼĳϡ
ޱߵѹϵʥѪ죬·ǹͨصͬǴͷų˶ԷΪǿ
һϵĸı䣬һֿµɱ䣬˵ղŵһֻ˯֮еĻڵһѵĻߵϢȻĲͬ
ôܣ
ڹų֮У¶˾ɫǴ˿˿ĲⲢں£Ҳ㲻ѹ

ЦЦ
ͬըһ㣬ļӳ֣֮йӰӣŭſµĲ·һڴһʱ䣬ҵӱնɱΪ˷顣
̫ž۷壬ӵǿһǰ벽㣡
ϵɫ䣬֮ϵȻı¶ǿɫΪֿŶԷƵ˲ȴоԷϷ·һɽһ㣬صѹԼϡ
ǿϢоڱ޷
벽㣡
λϵɫʱޱȵľ
ϵӣǵɫȻ仯Ϊ˽ɫ
ϣλϵı仯ʱڹų֮д󾪺Χҵӿʼ߳
˻ȥ˻ȥ
ϵＱٵĺ
ɣ
ӻӶУһ֮ǿշ·һӻ˹͵Ұ
ˣ
о֮УһϢӿλϵɫıò԰ޱȡ
벽㣬ǰ벽㣬ϵĴ֮Ҳֻа벽֮ңӵʵΪʲô뵽̶ȣ
ڳ˸оǵصѹ׷׵в


1661 ɱ¾
벽㣡
ĸ֣·һɽһ㣬˵пʼѹѹƵ޷Ϣǵɫ䣬Ϊ˽ɫ
ܣܣˣ
ӵϴɫĺȵ
䡱
ʼľۼ¶˿˿ɷޱߵĻ֮ʼƣһĻ󲻶ϵŭ

ȭ
ޱߵչֳ
ۻȭ
¡¡
â˸
ۻȭǲʵľѧ£ȴ
ѪĴкҪȴҲֻѪϵԵʣϣţѪͳ̲ޱߵ
ĵκε˶ʸ̳дۻȭĴС
ۻȭĳ֣ʱһĴʼγɡ
ޱߵĵ֮ϵĻ֮ߵںϣĴۻȭ
Ԧƿ񷣬ϵİԵǿᣬǿϢκεһ˶޷ﵽ̶ȵģֻӡ
ϵʺݻ㹻Ϊ֮޺ͺյġ
һȥ󵽵֡
ʩչȭ˻Ϊ֮𾪡Ϊ֮ݣؼһƬ춯ңңǿգǳΪ֮ɢʱǳ׹䣬
㿪
ϵɫ䣬ϴžɫ
ǿֲǰ·һϵĵκε˶޷ȥ޷ȥ
ǿϢ֮£Ŀֲ̬Ѿ㹻κεΪ֮ˡ
ۡ

Ĳҽʹ˳֣Ӵ֮£ӰӰصҵĵǣ޷סӴѹ׷׵ѪɣΧĲʳսʿǣ˲նɱ
顱
ϵˣ˺ǿգͼ뿪ȴֱΧӴ谭ס
Ļ쵰ʲôʱְ
ųǵڲ׵˿֮ϵΣٵĵӺƿǷ׷׵ѡҪ֡
ҵļλޱ飬Ǵ˫Ŀ˿˿Ļ˸̬֮У㹻Ŀĳʱǣϵǰƽ
ʱ򣬲ܹ֡
׵ﻺؿ˵˿˿ĻﶶȻ仰ƮƮģʵȴų󵽵ļѡ
ҵĳϰÿһ˶ʵǷҵػ˼֮⣬ǿˡ
벽㣬ǳ󵽵ƴȫȴҲ޷סġ
һλڻؿ˵
Է֮дһĨ޷ڸǵ
ҲԼļ֮˾䣬ȴû˿ĽȰ취
ӵ۵˼£ڳȥĻɽΪԷҪĹĿ꣬ʱ򣬲Ȳǣ˱նɱ
׿֮ˣ쳣ŭı飬ﻺؿ˵
ϣ֪ϣ֮䣬ΨҲʳͳκεˣһҲʳΪУǾںضԿ˭Ҳ޷ǡ
˿˿֣ʱ֮У˫ȭӶȥ
ۻȭ
䡱
ޱߵʱΪֲĺ㣬һĻȻζ֮ıµƬ
Ѫģ
֫׹ǡƬ׷׵Ŀʼ
ϵ˵顱һը
Ƭ裬е갧˲䱻Ϊޡ
ƾӴ͵ȭĽؼĿֲ䳹׵Ĵ顣
˫ȭȭ硣
ȭӰ˸ȭıŷչֳӴȻ˷ԲķΧ
¡ɲ˭Ҳ޷ӵʵѾﵽ˾˵ĵزϡ
ôܣ
˵ɫ䡣
ڿʼʱǻл룬ڵѾ׵ʧȥϣ
벽ʵ̫ǿˣǿһ޷ȥԼĵز
ȻڰŴ֮ǿߵĴţվֻǴţ֮Ѿĳˡ
ǳΪ˾һ㡣
ԲķΧӵһγ֣׵ĴһƬһ㣬޻ʥ޲ɢ촷ۡ
һȻֲ˹
䣡
һλսĺ
䣡䣡䣡䣡
ʿŭ񷣬գ
һ̣ǵʿ뵽һոµ۷塣
ɱ
ӵĺȵ
Ȼȴء
ɱ
磬ɱ죬Ĺâʼȼλʿϵںһ𣬹һ˭Ҳ޷Ƶ̫ħɽ
񽣡ꪡС
ֱƥһ£޼᲻ݣ˫


ҽ֮ʱ˷ԲǧķΧ֮в֫ѪޱȣѪ֮Ѫȷ磬Ʈɢ
ɱǲɱΥɱǲЧɱ֮䣬ΨҶ˭ɱ⣡
ӰȻվ֮ϣ̤񷣬磬ᣬ·ǴޱߵϣһӰвϵ޴צһƬڵ
ǿռ䱻˺ѡ
ռݣγһĿºڶڶƣһصǿС
ףĻļ嶼
ӵﵭ˵
ӾȻһλ᣿
ΧɪɪΧǣ̲ס¶ʡ
ߣ˼֪һͶĻƱػὫҴ뵽ˮȵľأҪշԼĴ㡣
˵Լļ⡣
ߡӣڲʻҪ£Ϊȴ粻ʣԳͿ԰ᵹһ붼Ҫ룬ңȫ嶼𣬵ǵѪȴҲܹǻħҲǵĽʿ
ӵһ䣬ķ·Ҫγˮ
ǵģҪշңȴҪշԷҵĵֿȷʵ£ҪϾɱƱػᵼԼĽʿܶࡣ
Ҫɱ
ŭһʱһһƬգĺɫڶĴ£Ѹٵľγ̬
Ѫ裬ٴεɱ¾λǿߡ
ػǵļ壡
ۿӾҪųˡ
ʱҵӵǷ׷׵ĵ
ڤ粻
ٴεʩչۻȭһȭ̫飬᳹بźδһ㣬ȥȭӡγһ˵ĳӣлصĴһ˵ײȥ͵˺ѳһѪ·
ҵѪѾȥǺǰȫҼסԶңҲҪϣκεˣûаյǰ£ȥͲʳа壬ĻңӴ˲֮ˡ
׿һȣ˵
㿴Ҹʲô
̲סĽе


1662 㶯ԣ
뿪
׻ؿ˵
ʲô
ȫû뵽Լĸ׾Ȼʱѡ뿪
ҲҾԵĲ뿪ġ
ȾǿĽе
ߣȣԼڸ˵ǵѪУϣ뿪ңߣߵԶԶģԶҪٻ
׵ϴ˿˿ŭ⣬ĺǳ
ԼŮޱȵĳ谮ȴӵ֪ܹǺεȵĿ£ȵʿ£ΪǿֻҪǸʱ䣬㹻ĳΪһǿߣʱҲʸĴ䣬Ļû쵼ЩѪ޷ȥ
ɱңĻŮǾԲѡ뿪ġ
ȵľǿԸ͹˳ʱһջ
мȻѾˣֺαضһˡѾʧȥĸףѵ˵㻹Ҫȥʧȥ𣿡
ȴĽе
׵ϼһĶڵοЦһǣȵ
㲻ҪŰŪˣȻ˰ҴߣĻ̵Ա
ȱ˵
ԼŮԸεĲ֪ȻԷһ˵漴ĿЦӵŨ
ðɣǸŮһ𣡡
ε˵
䡱
Ȼıŷ˳
У޴ӰֳƺƵƷı籩һ㣬ӹųǵӿ
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ӡǣǹĴУܹӡǵ˿ǲֻңȻ˵ĻȻҲ֪еƽ֮
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ҶΪȻĵͷңҲûʲôøУаʥͫ˵ǺԼս˲ֻһΡ
ңǣһˣҵҪǻʲôֶΡ
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һϵŸɺޱȵϢش˳


1663 㣿
䣡
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ʱγޱߵƲ㣬ƲأŹϵϢ·ںģԶţϵ¡
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ݺݵسĲʳսʿָǹȥ
һεĸǲǺεȵĿֲ;ˡ
˲Ϣ֮䣬ԲķΧ֮Уսʿ촷ۣҷ
ۡ
ӵһѪϵıޱȺȻ·޷һĿǹųǣһ˸ſֲĹâҪųǵһ㡣
ޱǿѹоԼ·Ҫ޷һ
ڲϵĲڲѪȼգϵγ˿˿Ѫ˿ߡ
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ģʲôˣʲôˣΪʲôԺң
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Ϊ׵һˣһ׻ɫĽۣѪ߰ߣеĵطѾڣͷϳң·ǺܳʱûϵĴŶͬһؤһ㡣
վȴͬһµ̫ɽƱŷȻʵ˺ǿա
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վ֮Уȴ·վ˼緢Ļɽ֮һ㣬ǲҡҡ׹кܶطʼ
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ս˻ʳսʿɫ֣̿޲ʼ֮ī޶ڰϣ˳̬
ôİôĵô簡
Ǭתһ㣬ޱߵȻı˳ͬ񽣣ʼΧѸٵչֳΪֲ
ۡ
ǵֿסǰļλ࣬޲Ѫ
顱
ѣչѣһأʼΪµڳ޲ɼķ֣֮ϵǳȻʼҡҡ׹ͬܵٻһ㡣
ˡ
ӵɫ䣬˫Ŀ¶޷ŵɫ
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һӰӾͳ˹ųǵǰ棬ȵ˵ǰӺĶǶһ
ôˣĿ֮Уȴûκεһ˿֪һʲôʱġ
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ʵѪһİԵһ˶ģ
س֣·Ǹͬڶ˵
ҡȻ㱰΢ĴڣԼڣ
˫Ŀ֮Уٵââ˷һ㣬ʱ˺գ˾㵵֮УҵһˣȻ˺ѳΪƬ
˾ʹ䣡


1664 ѹ
ɱ⣡־壡ž
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ʱе޲һ־ηǰ֮ˡ
ûһ˵ȥ˵Ҳûһ˵ҴصĴϢһ·ǵһжȫĽһ㡣
ư磬ͬϵ˼䡣
Ӱ˸ת޷Է飬Ǹղŵֶȴκεһ˶޷ȥĮӡ
֮䣬䣬̸Ц֮Уλǿ߾ˣⲻһˣ˵ѾԴﵽļ¡
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ӵɫѿʱɫҪγˮŤģĿռǺεȵķͷŭ
ǵģӦ÷ŭ棬ĽҵĵӾնɱˣһ˿Ļᶼûиֱǵô˵棬ĸһǶ⡣
ȴȥֿǲֿûʵ
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ʥ˰ϢεŶԷһ޷ֿ̬
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˭õӣʵ̳ߣʳĵһƿ֮ˣΪʸ̳лλš
߰ԸȴųԱǿһ˭Ҳ޷ϵģ֮پڵĵλ
ڣĽȴڶԷǰޣ˹ƨ
ЩǸƣھԵǰһж޷ֿԷǿ
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·һɽԼͷݺݵײһǡ
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Ӱ࣬෴ԵЩڣһȴ·̤˵һ㣬ǾҵĽŲӲͣһŲȥ·Ҫǵľ־һУȫ̤һ
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׵˵ϴ޷ڸǵľϲ֮ɫû뵽ԭҪ飬ȴתǧһʱ̣һз˾޴ı仯
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׵ĺǳȵĻŭ˶Է
ȵƤ࣬Ȼ˿˿Ĳ԰ףȴ޷ڸԭʣ׵֮£һǵŮ
΢΢ӣɰ֮дһǿҵջ֪Լļ岻ˣȵȻ˺ܶ࣬ǴӸղŵڣʱҲȴ֮ı仯ʵһξЧ
ѵλڡ
ҵһλ̲ס¶˾ϲɫ
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еˣ̲סĴһ¡


1665 ӵʧ
ǽһˬ
ǼƶѣȴӵմѪģޱȣѪʣ·һͷȫĿԷԭӢ̬
ٵˣϵıԽĹŹ
ȶ⣬飬Ҳûмܹĳġ
Ȼٵ˺ȥȴûºʵ
ӵǿѪȻѪģǺܿȴָ˹ֻǼʱѣԷѾָԭĳ̶ȣôĽףӢޱȡ
ǿֶ֮£ֱҪӱȵ·
Ȼһޱȸ߰ӣʱĿ棬Ѿ˽ɫ˫ĿɵùԲѪ˿·ǹһĿǰĻɫӰӡ
ɱ˵ĻصӰͱӵɱˡ
ôвˬ𣿲ָУǲʳļ̳߰ѪǴ⼡ֱǡĺô
Ҷһĳ鴤ЩѹƵĹڵϵĲʳ֮ǣҲһͲʣȻǶڳ鴤ѡ
㻰ɱӿ¶Ҫܡ
ȻӵɫɺתɫٴɫתΪ˺ɫӺɫɫڵһѪҲ޷Ƶ˳
ۡ
Ѫӵ˫ĿûɢޱȣϵϢʼ쳣ȻǱԷĻֶѾ˼ޡ
žžž𣿡
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ѪϵʣģѪģ漴ٴѸٵĻָš
ƤȻǺĺ˰˵ǲʳƤ൱ĺʵڿ˰
ۡ
ڵ̲סһһʱһѪٴεһѪ֮УԵĴ˿˿ҫ⻪·ʯһ㣬ޱȵˡ
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ҶһĶ£ԽĹŹ
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Ҷţħߵ΢΢һѾһλǿߣֳʵγһǿҵļɵ
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ֻҶо൱ӣλǿֶΣȫ赭дնɱڿƺǲˣԷҪնɱĻƺͿնɱˡ
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֮ǿߣȻҴһλϵĻʯΪب֮УΪǿʳδزǿĴڡ
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˵ĻҶȻΪǿϾԷıһޱȿֲǿߣǿҲδֻһλǸʱ򣬲ԷԼɾҪùˡ
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1666 
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ȻǵȻȴһֳ󵽵Ŀֲ·һɽһƬǿӲ޷ȥֺܾ
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ǿߵϷ·̲һִƣҶ˫Ŀâ
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ǵҶ֮СĹ۲Ǵǿ֮󣬿ȴֻһƬɵ
·һλڻ֮е飬بšںδ
޷ƿصĸоҶоԼһıʥӤһʱնһ˿

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кܶļӵΪ֮ڣǴ֮ǿ֪߰ҴǿޣƴȫҪҡ
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ĳҵҲ֪ԷĴڣңɵ֪ڼɵʲôϾҵҲֻڸղŵʱ򣬲ѡ˳֣ʱѡ֣ƱػὫøãûУп϶δ֪顭
˫Ŀͬǳһ㣬˸ɺУǻ֮⡣
ڸô죿
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߲Զӡһʵܵص˺ƺҲһĻᡣ
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ӵٴһѪ
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ӣϢŭһǵʧߣһΣҲδػ䡣
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ߣսʿʧһ룬һڱʵǰԷնɱģڶԱƣ벽֮û뵽Ȼô࣬ôడ㣬޵У㣬ΪϣңҾȻµǿߡ
뵽ԼǴǿߣô˵ǰ˵裬Ӻ޲õĽڳȫɱ
Ӵˣǧ򲻿ɶŭˣԪˣԷӡһҴ˻ܵˣʱɿµ˺ġ
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ǰ˭Ҳû뵽һξȻִǿߡ
ΪһΣ˲ҵǿߡ
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ԷǶԷǿߣڣǿʼʱǾ޷򵽹ų֮У׵ˣƺǶԼһλڵĳҲֵޱȾȣ˵Ϊδҵˡ
ʴϻۣܿ뵽еĹؼ
ѵĴǿߣƺҲҪǶôȦӣʧ˴ųԱǵòʧġ
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ǲʳīޣǵˡ
һ˿Լͨһ۱㶴˵ģ
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1667 ɱ
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˵ݣţʳˡ
ȵס˶ԷĲӣӵ˫ĿͬһĿŶԷﻺؿ˵
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ϢȵΧһУ·Ҫس׵ĸסһ㡣
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εɷڻ֮Ĵ£ʼͷš
ھ֮ϣһ
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ССӱնɱ˻ʹ֮Уˡ
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ҵ֮пʼѸٵıŷͬҪؼһ˺ѵ

һŭݱ䣬˫Ŀ·һħ۵Ĵߣ̤ķŭĲγΧӿ
һ̣ʮžƻҪ涼Ҫѹ
СӣǿԼ̳ģԷĳҲĪĻԵԵ֮²ųΪڵزʣƷϣԼѼ̳ߡ
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ڶԷȴڸԼСӱնɱˣ
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Ѫʼǹѵļ
⼡˸ղһǿĴǿߵѹ֮Ѿ಻һٴεľϵʹ࣬ӾǸţȴҲˡ

ٴεŭһ涼·Ҫڳˣ޲оԼĺһѣ·Χһǿеѹȥ
ԼѪȼգž֮ͷţͬǹĺˮǿеĻȥ
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֣˶Է߰ĺܣκεһ˶Ҫ߰ȻԷڸǵĺܺãҶȴɿԸо
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ȴۣ෴һӨӨĹԣ̲סҪȥ
תһתԼıԴ֮û뵽նɱСƨɾһ뵽˶֮С
ڰҶ죬̲סü
ӵʵڰ벽ľ磬ҶԸоһ»źֶܶûжóһͻ֮ɣҶ콫ΪҪɱ֮ˡ

Ҷĵ
·ǻع鵽ĸ֮һ㣬ͺ;ף˸޷ֵټ
ɱľΪһ壬У·һ̴ص׾Թ϶˿ĺۼʮɱһˣǧﲻС
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1668 һ
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Ҷľһ㣬һļ̣£Ԧޱߵĳˡ
һεĳ֣Ʋۣڿӵǰ֮ȴ·ǻɽ緢һ㣬ʱըγبŵޱײе֣鲼ǳ
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ȴû뵽ʱ򣬾Ϊؼʱ̣Ҷ쾹ȻˣоԼ֮УȡӴ˲ɢһ룬ǿֲĴ֮뵽˱ıԵ̲סķŭ

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ҲҶ뿪ǧ֮һʱ̣һĵҲ漴ı

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Ӱ΢ҶٴμԦ߱


1669 
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޵棬֮̽κεһԪ򣬶İ֮УһеһУͬɲ֣ǽ뵽޴ĳ̶ȣǺȽϣȴɲ˺ܶࡣ
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һƬڰа޾аڰϢ
ʮľĦ˵ϢѪ££ɢǸľ룬ԱĶ쵽
һʱ䣬һЩϵĺڰǣ׷׵Լ˫Ŀ
һʮˣҫ޾ʥ·Ǵߵҫ˿Ĳų󵽵ΰ

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֮УһڸǵѪ
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һħɽ𽥵ĳ֣¡ļ̣֫޴󣬳˷âԴһĳǣⳤǷ˫·ǿԴһһ㣬ںɫĹâ˸һֻ޴棬ȴӵĿֲ
һֻ֮УȡǵĿռ䶼ԴﵽʮķΧ

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һ׷ɱˣʵԵĲ򵥣ЩһÿһλʵѾﵽһĳ̶ȣ֮У·Ҫ¶ȥƵĻǿ֮УΪԸ㶨İߵһλڴ̫žľ硣
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һ˵￪˵һףϴЦ֮ɫĺȵһ˫ĿһۿȥԸоһĺܶ
ɱڣһħеķģڵƣһֱɽıѹȸС
Էľѧ֮УһֿµħޱȣȻڵа
ҪôķϻˣֱӵնɱӴ˻ڵأû뵽һһﾹȻնɱСӣֱӴ˵ˣһҪŴ˵ǧĲҪᣬСӻĺܣһܵˣ»ܵСĳͽġ
ǾñСӵĽ
ֳħսĺȵ
֮дһֿµǳǰ˲ıᱻԷѹѹס޷̼ıԷնɱ
ȷϵ֫ܲ
һɾ޴Ĳ𣬳Ҷȥ
һˣŷ˵Բ׵Ŀռ䣬ͬǻɽ緢һ㣬ıγ˾˵Ĺʼܿʼ
ޱ߾ˣγҵĲħӰأȻΧյƬ
ɣ
Ҷ˲䱻һиΧȥӰǿա
Ҷ֫ҲԷεˡ
һŴͨΪħӰ֮ΣһסͬǱħһ㣬ǶԷԸ⣬޷ơ
Ҳ䣡
Ҷһĵͺɢ


1670 Ϊǿ
ڶԷħӰɢ֮Ҷϴµ˲䣬ͻȻһɾ޴Ҷϱŷͬǧɽ緢һ㣬·ĳ绮ǿգѣͻһĲ
¡
ħӰڿҶ岻һľ룬˲ܵһޱѹը

ɺ˸ħҶ屳һ޴Ӱӳֳبŵħۡһ㣬ϢɭȻĿ磬ɱ䡣

Хƣķ
ħ֮Ȼγɡ
һֳֻǳֵǿץ˹ȥ
Էǿ󣬶Ҷ˵һսȴԼģһ̫ĽˣΪԼӣô
ã
оħ֮ĳ֣Է̲סĴ
ڰ֮УеħӶѾϣ޷ҶγɶԿ
飡
ҶƿǾ޴ħ֮廯޾޴̬񷣬ƿգеڳĻʼ۹ȥ
ٶȿٵľˣôǿߣȴҲû뵽Ҷ쾹Ȼ˿µ
ħ֮ȻҶٵʹãȴҶ첻ȥʹãǶԷ̫ǿ󣬺ܶʱ򣬸Ҫá
һֻ֣޴ͬϲ֣֮ڸأ£һеĲ񷶼ץһֻС
Ҷץȡ˲䣬ʮҲӦ˹
ã
֣ʮ˷ɿѡ˳֣ҶصĴȥ
ɣ
ҶɭȻȴһָϢ·һּ⣬һּ⡣
䡱
ֳħսҶħ֮ץУֻǿһһȴѪɽ
޴ħֱӱħ֮Ϊ衣
֣
һսĺ
ϴűߵɫ
ԷӶһȭٶȸӼӿ
Ҳ
Ҷ̹ǣɫղѿ˼¡
֡Ҷļɻ䣬ΪϲĴ֮һϾǰʱҶǱһεˣڶԷ֮˵ڳ
ˡ
תҶ̤߲ٵߡ
䡱
ʮ޴ײһ˭Ҳû뵽ҶٶȾȻﵽ̬ĵزĶǼ˵Ľ
ݡ
ƿ֡
ҶԦԼħ֮󣬿ٵĽһȥ
ĿλڳԼֵս
Ȼֻһö裬ȴҲϴСħ֮ʩչ֮£ӵҪǿ޵ĵز
ǿԸо֮Уµ
㿪
Ӳƴ
ʮĺ
ǿԸоĳ֮ͷųӴѾ㹻˵Ϊ֮ˡ

˵ŭһȭķƶʮڣһȪȥһ춯صӰԼֱϣһȭȻӴ˵ڿʼ
ȥȥɣҪɱ㣡
ȻֳħĹսͶԷĹϵûԷҲ˵ʧء
֮
Ҷ΢΢һЦ
ˡ
Էͣ
˫Ŀ֮ȴžɫ
֮ؼκεһ˶ϣõĻ꼼

Ǿ޴ͬӵһ㣬Ӱ֮У˳ŶԷȭͷֱӵû뵽˶Էڲǿе˺˶ԷԴ
ֻһ֣ȴﵽ˵ĵزʣµʮ˵ɫҪôѿжôѿ
Ǹոյĳ֣ȴѾˡ
򣡡
Ҷٴεߣ˵ʵڴ̫žмزǿĺܣȴҲǿЩем
ˡ
Ҷļһֲֿ򣬲ͬ似ؼԷɱڸڼϵá
Ҷƿؼɽ纣ıһɹɵһʱ䣬سž
Уһ޴ħг֡
аħˣ
Ǳ֮Уڼ֮Уȫʧˣʼ𽥵ʧȥƿء
һУһŹϵĵȻҶҲ֪ʲô֣ȴԸо⵶֮У̲ŵ
ȻҶ첻ȥһŵһͨȻ
ƾԼӴ֮ҶѸٵĽһŵʩչ˳
󿪴ϣֳֵһƿؼ򣬳׵ĸס˶Է
ռ򣡡
ٴεĵһ̣üͷųĹâ·һһ㣬ͷųӴﵽʵʡ
ɽ纣ļǧһȥ
һֹ̬һִһְĴûмĳ֣ҶӴƶöԷʧġ
쵰
˷׷׵ķӦ˹Ҷɱ⣬ŭ
Ҷ˭սΣ֮ߵһδ˻ᣬεĻŹ
͡
аħķ˫ڶԷǰȴҲҪԱ
սȻµĺܣаħڶԷǰ˴̶Ħ
Ǵ֮£ȴ޷ֿıҶһն£Ѹ͵ٶȣٴεĻӶ򵶡
ƣϣ־
Ҷꡢϵ־ͬǻɽ緢һ㣬ȼˣٵͷųһϡ
˳ˣ޷ʩչֲǿȴҲûа취ʩչΪ޷סǿʩչ
Ҷȴԡ
ڤڤ֮УҶƺǸоԼ뵽һչֵľ磬һһʽ̲һԣһֿµɱ䡣
ڰ֮УҶʵʵ̫ˣǿ̫ˣһδε谭ʹҶȻϣ֮Уڽĳֿµ
ǿ֮£Ϊʵȴڸ˲١
־ɽ˭˿ƣ
Ҷ
Ϊǿ
߲ٵתǧ֮ĸǵ֮γɵٶȣ㹻졣
׵Ķ֮УϵĻӶеаħ
ɱ
ɱֹɱ
ȻǾͲҪҳ֡
Ҷ컯Ѫһ㣬ÿһεĳ֣һƬѪꡣ
Щ˵ʵ硢ʶҶǿ̫̫ˣҶ챾Ҳһ㣬ȴһ̥һµĹ̥Ҷľ硢ʵǣȴٶ˿ɱȣϵǿ˿ɱȡ
ǿľ̲Ҷ޷ȥ׵Ĵķ
׵֮ţ˲ĵħħһ㣬Ĵ֮УħͷţаħٴεĲ䣬ÿһζ㹻Щǿߵŭȴ޿κΡ
򣡡
ҶٴεߵУ˲նɱ׸һСһ㣬׵ն˶Էͷ­
΢ȥ˶Էꡭ


1671 һ

ҶֶγɹļŭˣҲ漴ô֪ǰȥǿˣһֲ
ֶκǿѾ㹻ǵΪ֮ĺѡ
̫ˣʵ̫Ŀˣ⻹ֻһλ첻𾳵Ϊ뵽˴̫žǵöôĿֲ
ˡһɷŹһҶ뿪˵ãʮʱ֮УѾԳΪһλ㹻вʳǿˡ
ϣ
˿ŭ
浱Ϊǿ
һޱȣ·ںڰ֮Уǿ壬·ǺڰһϢΧǿĿԷϢԸһƬĿռ䡣
һˣһòĳۣ¶壬ĺܣͷ·һ㣬֮Уȴҫԣ˾ͷ·ɹԵ֮Уγհ̬
վͬһبŵ̫
ߵĳ֣һһᣬһһ໥ںϣûеߵ෴ǻߵɹĿʼ˹£ʩչħһȭһţ޲̲޾
ߵĳ֣һʱ䣬ҶѹȻ
ѹ֮£汬ˡž
ȻֲѹĽǺͼⶼܵ˲Сĥ
õģ
ȴţħʱ򱻼ע⵽ˡ
ţħ˭ȻҶķͷǹˣʵʵʵĴ̫žΪ
ǿӲĽʯһֲֻţӺݺݵ̤㣬˺ɫħţӵʱԲ̣ݺݵز̤ȥ
꣡
һλ޵ֱӱȵѵ˼¡
衭
ħţ𣬾޴ħţţװȻժȡǳһ㣬ŭǿգǳҡҡ׹ĳһǿߵǵصĴ
ۡ
ԭħţŭЧҡҡ׹ǿߣʱǳʮ⡭
顱
Ҷ챻һƴУûеȵӦٴεһ֣ı
ȭۣһȭ⣬̫֮һ㣬ȵ¶ȴޱȣŹֵĸоʱҶϵĺë
á
Ҷһ䣬֮ɢѾԼΣֻһλؤļһЦĳԼӶȭͷ
һȭ棬ſֲĽɫâȭͷ죬·Ⱦһ棬ȻǴŵȭȴеһȭޱǿ
ռ䱻һһ׵Ĵ飬ҪƽҶļ

ҶɫԽѿ
͡
ϢȻĳ֡
ֻһ޴ĺɫԼǰ
һֻߣǰλڰǿߣϵĺڰϢѾסԼһӰʹԼ·Ϊ˴һ㡣
˻˻˻
Ĺֽ֡
Ҷݲϵĸı䣬ԷȻħһ㣬󲻶ϳ֣˫ĿȻķһâ
ҶȻıһɿֲ
ռ򣡡
ˡ
ռһҡڡ
ݵĿռ䣬·ʯһΧγɣҴޱȿµЧҶٵİΧ
䡱
꣡
ߵĴҶһɲ
ˣ
ߵ¶˼ϲɫǺܿɫȴٵı仯
á

һ޷ڸǵĵλͷ˳
ӡ
Ȼıղǿʮֹ
Ҷ컯ǿƶֲ
񣬴ޱɱ⡣

ŭһһ޴Ļ֡
ħ֮
ôû£
ǿһ
ǵģҶ쾹Ȼû£ǵǴﵽ˴̫žǿߣţԵǰȴҲģҶǿ֪ģǺҶ֮Ի˵ǿкܴһԭΪҶľѧޱȵ¡
ǿĴҶϣ似ǿҲܹɣ
䡱
޴ıݳҶûиԷ˿ĻᣬϢļһĽԷ
̫ǿܹΣ
̫֮ӡǴ߶ʩչΪĲ
ֿ֮֮ȥѰĴڣǽһ𣬱ȴ㹻ĺء
Ҷղŵʹ࣬ڶоʹ
λǿߵĺΪޱȵǿΪڴľ̬ļһԼˣһȫʬ֡
ʲô似
оԼ徹Ȼһص˺ţԷɫʱһ䣬ĺһļ٣ͼֿ
Сң
Ҷ쾹ȻҪٴεĳ֣ǿߣʱһĺȵ
ߡ
Ҷ죬ҿľˣһף̤㵽˶ԷǰʩչѧٵתԼ͵ݺݵؼûޱĴȥ
ۡ
ȭ֣
ӡȭ֣
ȭĽһ޴ķΧ֮мӳ
棡ˮ
Ҷ徹Ȼֳˮ֮Ժͻ֮Ե

ٴεʩչȭİ塣
һεĳȴղȻʮ
桢ˮԣǶģҶ쾹Ȼʩչ
Ҫ
ˮ֮Եڹ֮ԵҲˣ߶ǿޱȵƻҶƿأʱйӴҪöԷоһִδйĿ־塣
ӡĴ򲻶ϡ
ɷߵľⷽԲķΧ֮жԿХӰ
䡱
Ȼı澹Ȼγϵ̬
ˮ𣡡
Ҷ
棬ޱǿˮ֮ԶԷſµĶԿҶȴĽһɢʱ˲١

ǿߵ֡
Ҳ
֮ϣоϢȻĲľһŭ֮Ԫӿ
Ѫͷţɴ
ȻһΪۿʼչֳģڵ·ǻ˺ڰħһ㣬߳˫һУҶԷľ𣬻ʳһȥٴĳһƣ
Ҫɱ㣡
ˡ
һĲݳ
ҶһЦ̤߲˶ԷһУһöӵӡת
ɽӡ
¡
裬һ޴̫ŴɽƾճҶǰ
䡱
ٴεİһȭӡһλͷųޱ߹⻪Ӵȥġ
һȭҶҪˡ
Ҷȴû⣬ݺݵɽӡ
¡¡
ɽѣڣصѹ

һĲҽʱλǿߵҶѹΪ⡭


1672 
ѷ׵֮ţ
׵֮ţ󣬺죬һֻֻĶħӰƣһֻֻħֲ֮ϵչ
ץһǿߣڶԷİ֮УٵıϽ˵Ԩ֮У
ң
ۿҶ쾹ȻҪĶǿߣʱŭ
壬ɢ޾ҫͬһС̫һ㣬Ҷ켤
ԷȴӴ
ĿռƬǿĿɢѪɫĹâͷ·һֻһڿš
䡱
ҶȭͷӶһȭ˶Էµ߲ٴεߡ
ߡ
һȭıڲ㣬Ҷٴţħ뿪
ģ
Էŭĺ
Ҷȴͷɿ뿪εŭȴɲ
ۡ
ţħ³һѪϵǴ˷ܵɫ
һεõĺô̫ˣںôǿս֮УΪȻȥûжٵı仯սȴ뵽һ൱׵ĵزղҪǿ١
ԭˣԭˣ
Ҷﲻϵֹš
ϵıҲʼԽԽ
ιιιôˣ
ţħ̲סĿҶ죬ʵ
ҵĸҹȻ᱾ĩˡ
Ҷһ֮ɫ˵
ʲô˼
ţħЩˣһѲɵĺͶԷսһӶˣ
ҶȻȴҲ֪һ֮뵽飬϶ʲô£ûĿһһۣؿ˵
ҵӿʼڣߵһȫǰÿһεõҵΪڳɱţҵΪʼյĶҲȻˣ似ϵľѧǺĵԨ̫ŵʩչʵȴһ·ҵԴҾȻȥĵطѰͻƣѹְѹ֡
ҶıԽĿЦá
ڵȻǿ󣬵ȴҲֻǽؼѧĻϽеģȻȥǿ£ʵһЩǿ֮ǿߣҶȴֻܹȥĵֿ޷ֿĻᶼûˡ
뵽ԼĲ֮֮ҶıҲʼ
ʱԽĸоϵĲ㣬ҲʼʶԼĲ㡣
ǿҪǿ󣬻Ҫ
תǴľѧԼûȥע⵽Լ
ϵǿߣԡתΪһһʽ޲̲ӴƻʩչָĿһƬɽҷ𣬴֮У㹻һ棬ֻժȡǳӱӡЩҪµ似ؼֻϵһڹ͡һ·һ·
Ҷţħ˵ȴڶԼ˵
ֹһεı˵⣬Ҷȴû⣬ǽ𽥵ķĵףȥע⣬ҲһΣҶᵽҪԡ
ǿ֮ޱȵҾȻôĴ·
Ҷ૵ĵҲʼͷųĲ
ЩΪµ
˼ڲһ̣ҶٴεĽ뵽ɱ֮С
Ҷʵڴ첻𾳵۷̶ȣ֮У۵Ѿ㹻óǧ㾳ǿɱ䵽µĲˡ
Ҷȴһֱûɱ䣬෴ǣ·ǽ뵽һһӴ޷ͻƵ
ˮ
һˮ֮
ˮĴڣǵİ󵽣Ѷ
Ϊ죬ΪأˮĿʼ
Ҷڣˮ֮һԪصĹɣһֶˮ֮
üͷ΢΢һҶѾоԼˮ֮ɢϢ
һּϢϢ·ĸһůȴִһɿµƣһɲŭơ
ˮˮ֮俴ȥѰȴ̲һְһֲ֮ͬİ
İһֿһȴԲ𺳵
ˮȻ˵ǿʲô׵֮šʲôʲô似ֻǸƣǿģˮ֮ȻҸ˹ȥ̫ôĿӵˡ
Ҷüͷ̲סֹ
ڲķ֣Լǿ֮ʵջ𣬶Ҫȥ޸ĹҪԼԼٴεȥһΡ
ˮ֮֮֮

˵ľ֮֮Ļһл൱ģศɣһ壬ֻǻȴ޷ƺǻлᡭҪҵĲϣͻƿɷɿĽ룬ĲϺεȵѣǲʹ֮УѰҵĲϣܹõϵҲֻкٵһ֣ⲻصıȻֻôܹõϣҪϵĿ³̶Ҳǿ󵽵ľ˰
ҶıԽŹ
ܿĸоˣԼڣˮ֮ڵõɳԼ
ˮĸҲԴȪҶоˣֵھڷɿĻָţղܵ˺ҲѸٵĻָԭĳ̶ϡ
Ǹӵǿ
̫ˡ
оԼڵı仯Ҷ̲סʼ˾ϲ
ֻڶݵʱѣҶƾȻȫĻָ˹ԼľҲ޷ڶݵʱл̶ָȵġ
ϾǿߣɶǲҶܵ˼еشҲصĺܡ
ԼľҲ˲κãˮ֮Ҷղŵ򣬾Ȼȫƺˡ
һʣ̲࣬Ҷľǿ
ž
һױ쳹ʱҶľٴεѣڣһľ·ǿһ㣬ڲϵѣž죬ǺܿĻ˾ʯһ㣬ٴε飬ЩʯҲҶɫԽ˷
֪ԼͻƵĻˣֻҪԼٴε־ʯİٴεͻƵġ
䡭
һʯɢɫĹâҶˮ֮ʱѾ׳ʵ̬ޱ߾޴ҶһĻڵҶڵˮ֮һ޴ʵŵذľ޴
ˡ
֮УһչֳʼҶ
ʱҶ촦ΧޱŨıȡá


1673 Ī飬СƤ
һ·ǻ˹һ㣬ϸϸĿȥЩڻз·һ㣬ſԼͣؼˮ֮
չֵٴα֮γ̬
𡭡
Ҷ̲סһء
䡱
ӿΧҶ
Ŀȥ·Ǿһ㣬ʱҶ컹֮УԼϵĸı䣬ţħȴˡ
ŵϴţùԲ·ǿħһ㣬ĺ
ǰɡ̵
ÿҶµĶ޲Ǳ˿µĲЩ֮УţħΪ֮Ĵڣӣ¡
¡¡
ۣعһ塣
ʱղŸӵǿ󣬶ԸӵĿ¡
֮УΪ֮
ȭ֮УоͬһƬĺһֲ࣬ȴԴԴˮԴϢ
ˮ֮ǿҶڵµ
ǻ֮
λ֮еǿǿָ֮ûԼԷǵƻΪǿĴڡ
𡭡޾֮𣬻ʲôƻ񱩣ȣȼգ
Ҷ˼ʼϵӿʱѾˮ֮ת˻֮֮УȻҲҪ֮ĲʼŰס
³̶ȣˮӵĿֲ
ҶľԼԺ֮еļ֮У޶ڻΪΡ
֮Уľˮֻһл
𣬷Ϊ𣬶𡢵ػ˻ȵȵķָ
֮ʣɱ
̫Ǿɻȵȳ֮Ϊ֮ס׻𡢵ȵȵ֮Ϊ֮𡭡
Ļ֮ʼҶԺ֮ߣЩҶڸı𽥵
ı仯ζɱ䣬̬ȵȵı仯һš

Ҷŭ
ʱڵٴεķ˱仯һֳɳΪˮ֮û˿ĸı䣬еһ˯֮еȴȻ
ѣ

һĻӰҶߡ
ǻ죬ȴҲԸоȵ¶ȺͿɲƻ
ЩƻǿúܣԶҡһеĸ
Ҷɫһĺ˲䣬ţħѾٵѾӵĿ
£ޱȵĿ£
ǿҵѹѾţħᵽеĿ񱩲
ΧĿռ䣬ٵľۼɫĹâȾӿڱ
䡭
ȻţħѾӿ˼ʮ·֮һıȻɽ緢һӿǿǾ뼸ʮľ룬ţħоеĿֲͿ¡
ɫϢΧʼٵıŷϡԿĺ֮Уһޱ߻Ŀߡ
һĵʲô
ţħ˫ĿɢĲҶ죬ϵıޱȵľ
ôʱˣţħȻ²⵽Ҷľѧ򵥣ȴҲû뵽Ȼﵽֲĵز
䡭
һĳ֣ɢ
һ̣ţħţȴ̬·Ҫһţ۵ɳһ㡣
ˣ
ȻݻΪ˷˵Ӱ
ⲻӰһ࣡
ķࡣ
࣬ǱӿֲĴڡ
Ĵޣ׻ˡ䣬ƿԼ
ˣǱΪȸһ֡
ǼԦ֮еΪ񱩵һִڡ
ǵǿɡ
ȻûʥǰԵ̬ȴ㹻Ϊ֮
䡭
չᣬҶıγһ
ķ
ǳȵϢ֮ʣһĻɫڻζǰ׳նԿóⲢĻ쳤ӣ˵ⲢȻγɵĳӣǽ֮еһдȼ֮γɵĺ
죬СҪ𣿡
ţħŽе
࣬һֿµĸ
Ԧһ࣬ԦһӵĿֲ˵档
еһһ¡
޷
Ҷӵһ޴ķࡣ
ǧǧ۷࣬ͬһķ࣬ţħҲֻǼҶʩչζѡ
еԭȻҲΪһʩչҪõֵǿˡ
𡭡
ٴεĳһŭ
һ޴ķ࣬ͷŵҶı
һķࡣ
裬鶯ͫ˸£񳱶
֫趯̤أ·ѹزĸףŭ𣬵һ֮ͫУȴһ͡
裬
ںһ𣬶ʱˮʼǡ
䣡
Ȼһ䷨࣡
ôܣ㹻ȼյؼһеޣȸ࣬㹻ûһе䷨࣬޷໥ںϵĴڣκεһˣ޷ںϵģӲҪ˵һˣһﾹȻĳͬķࡣʲô
ţħ˫Ŀϣâ˸ϣʱȴԼش
ţװ𣬶ʱһƵħţݳ
ϣ
ײʼ֡
ѸٵĳһƬһĺۼ
˸ס˷Բľ롣
Ҫ˴үˡ
ţħڵĴϢŴ˵
һɣҪĵͳܵѹѰ֮ظӵĿ¡
ڵҶԵĻûһ򣬿»ˡ
žžž
ڵʼٵɡ
Ҷ𽥵ı仯ΪʯһĹ
ҵķ֮Уȸ࣬䷨࣬ǺߣԭҾȻ޵˴صޣӶ޷ȥˮ֮ĸҵһ࣬ޣ̲ĸһΪ̫ȫ̫һĨУӶһĽ޵ķں˳򣬶һεɱž޴ĺô
ҶޱȵļΪʱѾоˣԼ򼴽ͻƵ̫žΪ
ǸʱҶٴεĽڵѾڸƵİһϯ֮أʱԼҲ㲻ϵǱӴˡ
뵽ЩҶбޱȵļ
ЩӴܣȻõĺô٣ȴҲҶ˲Сŭ⣬ɲҪġ
һ֮һںϳ࣬ǾԿҵΪͻͽһ̥ǰЧ
֮ƿǰ׻
׻ɱȥ򣬶ҼǽӴһ˿ᱻǿֲɷɵҶİſں϶Է
ڵѾžˣۺԭʮĳ̶ȡ
ʼɡ
мޱȵ
ҶһονǽԼиˣһΪ˴̫žǿߣͻͽĽ
͡
ڴʱһĽ
£ţͷųޱ߽˲˺ţħĽ磬ĴΪ촷ۡ
һ̣Ҫû뵽Ҷ֮С
ȻҶǿޱȣһĻ֮еԵ޷ֿסġ
ꡭĪ飬СƤΪСүҶ𣿣


1674 ǿĪ
棬ɵĿռڲ㣬·ĲϢΧӿ޷ƹʣѹʮķΧ
ŭˣ
׵ŭˣ
ҶĶûķŭ
ڣҶĸоֱɱ֮𣬶֮޵ĳ̶ȡ
Ϊؼʱ̣κε޶޷ȥ̵ģҶ촦ڴ첻𾳵۷壬˽֮ȥ׻࣬ͿԼԦչֵ͹ԳĿֲ
ǸʱͲȥӦ̶ˡ
ĻҶҲʱȥӦԺ衣
ڣԼȻ
ž
ֱ΢΢һҶ쳹׵ķԼΪоˣһĽ֮У̲صӴ㹻Լ˺ѳΪƬ
֮еޣѰˣǿ˶ٵġ
ֱ𶯣ͬһħһ㣬Ͷ֮Уһɴ֡
䡱
ȭհı֣Ҷ쾹ȻܣֱӵĻӶԼȭͷŶԷ˹ȥ
¡¡
һȭɱȥŶ򣬴ŶϵҶһȭıӵĿֲ
һȭ֮УûаӡȭӰӣûоȭӰӣû⾳ֻѰͨһȭ
һȭİԵȴ·һ𱻴߶̫ɽһ㣬ںޱȵǰš

ѡ
ǳ׵ĽһȭĴ˷顭

Ҷըףٴεĳ֣Ӵȭӡ·γһħɽһŶԷЯһǣ˳ŭɿȥ

죬ҪѣضҪĶڿʼҶȭͷ֮£Ϊ֮ݡ
һâ˸ضݣǣâﵽϰĳȣǾӨĽ·ΪĴڣһնɱҪ̲סĿʼǿϢ֮г
£
ޱȵĿ£
κε˶޷ȥĸо֡
ȭӡ
ײһ
ȴ·ĽϣϢӵĸһ־ף໥ײĻޡ
Ҷɫȴ΢΢һ󣬽µ߲ٵĳ̣·һ㣬ɿγ˵âڽ£һ¡
ءء
Ǻ޹⣬һµѺۣҶǰ֡
һֲ˼µѺۣʼʱֻëϸѸٵգ۵ʱӣѾ˺ѵ޳ĳ̶ȡ
˺ѵķ϶ܿʼҵĳ·ǶħſԼһ㣬ĳܹȥ
䡱
һɲı֮УҶѾ˳ʮľ롣
͡
ݺᣬҡ
һâȻɿĳҶǰ⽣âٶ̫ˣ쵽˼£Ҷ춼û뵽ԷٶȺʵȻﵽ̶ȡ
ôô죬ԭĪٶҪ˰ʮѵ˵һﵱʱûжԼȫ
Ҷд󺧡
ˡ
âߣʯһ㣬£γٲӿ貵ĹâݵĺԶɼ
鷢˰ɽȣֻԵ¶ͷͻᱻԷնɱȥ
£
̫ˣ
͡
ҶһѩشԼƮȥһ˿˿˿Ļ˳ԼüĿʼʡ
ѪѪ
ȻԷĽ˵ˡ

һĽҶ֮С
һɫۼӺݻ󣬽͹£ˣһȱµĽڸסһԾµѥӽ˵ڸס޷е󣬵Լ¶ѩɫȴӵĸһǿĳ
޴񽣱ڱ󣬽վͬһǿޱȵĵһ㡣
ĿԲ֮䣬Ȼ·Ľߡת
һµŮˣһŮˣŮ۽Ѿ뵽Ĺ裬뵽ꡣ
ҶʱѾ˶ԷУ޷ŮˣԷһһĽŮ۽һֵ
˭ڼΪʰĵһڣҲǵ֮
һ໥ƱػΪ˫භΡ
˵޷һŮˣһͬŵ֮ĵŮˡ
Ҷ첻ûмŮˣ½ͰһŮ˳ɾ˰ҵ

ϣ񽣣̹ǣֱġ
ҶһɺݺݵؿŶԷҲ˵ı䣺
˴򣬲޾ޣ˵ڵ߽ѾҪƽˣҶĲԣʱȴҲܵӦеıӦ
Ҷ첻ԼնɱСƨСƨ̫Ŀˣһɳ˵ûԼɶٵ鷳ģҶԷĺܶɱһˣɱһֻ
СƤ
ĪԲ˿˿ŭ֡
Էڷŭ
Ҷɫһƺû뵽ԷȻھ⡣
СƤʲô𣿡
ҶЦ˵ֱӵĳƺ

Ī·ܵĪһ㣬һŤ˲Ϣ֮ʧԭ
Īŭˣŭ⣬Լܵ衣
Ů۽ȻŮ֮ǵ֮ѰȻ߰ޱȣޱȣСƤĳƺŮ˵ĳν
СƤϲǾͽС椰ɣС椣ǲǿˣһδε׷ɱңѵ˵֮ĪԵ
Ҷϴš޳ܡЦ˵
ȴڰԵĽ䱸˼¡
͡
ݺᣬƺƵĽ磬ʮ޾Ľγһĺ⺣ʼΧסҶ
ÿһ˵Ĺ˺Ŀռڲ㡣
Ҷͫ׾ҵâһ㡣
ÿ죬Ů˵ʵȻԭӵĿֲﵽ˴̫žľ磬У޷У
ˣĪʵȻôѸ١
ϣ
΢֮УһĽѾӥһ綾һ³Լš
ߡǰһĻẦ£ڣѾ࣬ϵºǿ󣬸ȥ󵽵ľˡ
ҶЦ
ĪʵҲǴﵽֹʥ־磬ֹʥ˿ԼԦսԼ׷ɱ£ȴûôˡ
ѷ
ҶһѸٵĻ𣬴ѷͬ쭷һ㣬ʼ֮𵴡
һζ޴硣
˺ﲻڻ¡
ϣ
磬ٵײһγɵӴҪһƬ涼ҪںϹˡ

Ҷһֻʩչѷһֻ֣ٴεʩչԼİ壬Ǵӡȭ;ȭ˫صӣڻ֮ͨĸѧ
䡱
Ȼ˹˲ĽҶûС
˺ѣѹնɱ
һջԸϿգһŤĪһŮһ㣬ԦŹĽӣѸٵĽҶٴεѹ£


1675 ֮ŭ
ĺޱȣĪţԼһΣնɱҶ졣
һȻǿ󣬵ĪȴԼһеĿֲ֮ǹӰĽޱȵĿֲԴԴ޾˭Ҳ޷ӳ
ҪǿĶ࣬ûӦЩѾ൱鷳ˡ
ӲҪ˵ҶľʵԼҪС
䡱
һ޴ҵĴ˳
ô᣿
Ī΢䣬ȫû뵽Ȼᷢ飬һֱһֳ׵̬ȴҲҶľٶˡ
һ޴Ӱӳ˽ڲһ޴ķࡣ
ߡ꣬Ȼҡͷԣħһ㡣

䷨࣡
ŭ춯ȻҶֻһ࣬û޵ֿƣȴҲ̲һֳ޷󵽵ľ̬һŭ𣬶ʱĽӿʼ
顱
֫趯ͬĸһ㡣
ΪӴ
ţޣǿٵص֧ţ֮һ޴޵ģежôĿֲȻǿ󵽵ģȻֻһִ˵ϵǿȴѾɵĿֲˡ
ߡ꣬һĽϣؼİҶ꼱ٵļԦԼķ࣬Ժ֮Уһ޴ڲϵĳɳţڿģŶԷ̬
Ȼӵŷ࣬ҶȴҪϵĴԷֻӣܹɳӶĻûԼΪǿ״̬
࣬䷨࣬һﾹȻ̶ȡ
ĪʧһСſǱӣҲΪľȣʼøԼĿԿǱݡ࣬˫ôΣǱ˿ĻԻᱻ޷
ʱΨһлῴҶ죬ȴڲϵĴԼķࡣ

ըףӿȻĽӡ
޴ķ࣬ٵأ£ҡβ߻һ壬໥ںϣҶļԦ֮УݺݵΧǿӡ
ߡ
Īһһٴεʧԭ
顭
ҶѸٵĴӽӵ֮д
ʱΪǱϵĳۣ·ǱĽһ㣬һĺۼɼ
ڣ޷ڸסԼ壬ľȴﵽһޱʢĳ̶ȡ
û˿˺ۣ·⽣ֻ˺ĳۣȴûи˿ʧӲʲô˺
顱
ȻĶ㣬ֱӳĪȥ

Ī¶һĨŭ
ľѧŮ۽ؼ;һĸҪ˵Ǳ飬ѱҡĪ鳤ѧȻĿʯһι̣ڼҶ֮ڱһߡ
֪ΪʲôҶ֮󣬱̲סһɱ¾
ޱȵĿ£ԼĿʼɢ
һ첻۷СȻҲҳŴ̫ž׷ɱǺεȵĹ죬һʱ䣬еŭ޷ڸǵı
ϣ
񽣳֡
޴ݣݺᣬҶȥĽÿһִͬһĵزӶγһ޴ķ档
ɴ˿ɼеѾǿһֶô˵ĵزˡ

Ҷ˫Ŀǳµâͬǳʵħһ㣬£Ե֮޷ڸǵı˳
˫ָȥ͵γһƬĺ
ΨΪǿġ
Ҷ˷࣬Լϵ˽Ѿޱǿˡ
ˮ֮ӿһȭȥ
ԲķΧȻı
ϣ
ȭӡݺݵشĪ񽣡
Ŀֲ죬ĪȴһĨ졣
ȭӡ񽣵˲䣬һ޷ڸǵ飬ѸٵĴݵĽȫ
ˣ
Ī̲סӿһĨŭ⡣
ǸȴھޱȣҶһȭѣȻԺԼ񽣣ֲѾķˣ˵ĿֲͿ£Ȼġ
飡
ҶٴεĻӶһȭһȭ޾ʣ£Ҷ·һ٣ǵصľӳĪĽк˹ȥ
˷ϣŮ
ĪҲŭˣԼȻһССĴ첻ΪСȵ̶ȣζ޷ܵ顣
ı֮£ʱ߳ŭʼʩչɱС
ʮ׶ҫȻǳһ㣬Ŀռ䶼ʼùǷ
顱
ҶûΪһȭɱһȭɱȴǶԷĺ֮
ˣͣ
η޾壬ƺƵĽҶȭͷٴײһ
ǽײ
䡱
ѣҶȴ⽣Ѫ磬֧һѪ衣
ˮ֮ľ޾
Ҷŭƺǲսһ㣬Ȼת˲֮УָԼ
ô
ĪΪ֮ʧɫڿʼʱΪ뵽˴̫žΪԣڵȴʼˡ
Ҷ̫ǿˣǿûˣòţΪµӦˡ
ǰȴҲ޷ҶԱȡ
Ҷ첻־ţȴʤţԷǿ󣬶ԷĿֲԷһһʽ֮Уһֲηӡ

ž
һֻ֣ȻסĪĽ
ã
Īһ䣬޷ŵĿǰһֻ֡
Ҷ쾹Ȼɱķǰ
ɺ˸һ˫ޱȣ˿˿ȺͿֲĲĪһĿ̲꣬סĽ߳һ

С椣ҹɣ
Ҷһȣһֻ֣ȻٵȭһȭɱĪĽ档
ۡ
һԾ޴
Ŀ˸ףʥʼ쳹
ȸࣿ
ĪоԼĴƺѾʼתˡ
һɹ䷨ֻ࣬˵Էʿ£һȸ࣬ǾͲôļˡ
ˮôܹںһ
ܰ
顱
ҶŶԷʧ˲䣬һȭɱ˶ԷĽ֮ϡ
䡱
ң
Īڵıˡ
һ̣ȴݺݵضһѾݺݵҶһȭɱ˹
ϣ
Ҷȭܿ죬쵽һּ£κεһ˶޷󵽣ٶж졣
ĪȴоˣʱԼȥе񽣣ƱػԼùģ൱ĵù
ԼֱۺܱܿԷȭ顣

ûеȵĪ鷴ӦҶȴٴεĻָ֣ȭΪץ

һѵ֡
Ҷɵˣ
Īɵˣ
Χһ̣ʼð
Ϣ̣ʱ̣ռ䰲ޱȣ·һеһж㡣
ǺܿһɿֲȴѸٵ˳
Ī죬𣬽΢΢ĲǿĽ˲ͷų
ǰڸ֮ƺǱȫ˺ˡ


1676 ս
Ůǧļǿ˵Էǿĳ̶ȣһŮˣһκεһ˶޷ȥıġ
ĪȻǿ󣬵λԺգСıŮ۽ȴҲ޷һ㣬һŮˡ
Ҷղŵĳ֣ȴѷһˡĴ
ѩ񣬹⻪ޱȣͬǰѩһɫ󣬼壬ӵһ㡣
һֺεȵĴ⣬壬Ĺ࣬ķɫ޷ȥƿԼ˫Ŀʵһ⣬·Ϊ֮ĿԿӣңɢ˵Ϣ
水ţǿĸоǿҵо
֮ŮΪɴĵط֮һ
Ҷȴˡ
¡
Ůŭˣŭˣŭˣ˭Ҳ޷ڸסŭ⡣
ŭ֮߳ŭĪ˭ͷޱ֮󣬾Ӷ׵

ͷųâ·ͬǻ𣬵һֶҪҶ޷ѹͬһֲ񽣴ɽһ㣬˲ϢĴͷϴϮݺݵѹ
Ҳ
ҶĹֽһƺƿ˲䣬ٴһѡ
ʶĶȻҶҲΣȴʾĪ͵ñܣӵķŭӵķ
ѪҺŭ񷶼ҪÿһεѪҺ֮У̺ޱǿ
һͷÿһ˺գͬһһ㡣
ĪһޱȵԸԸҲԳƵǽĽǽǿʵϵģڣȴŭˣĽҶļ̤ˣԼ塣
߲ٵߡ
Ҷɫ䣬ڵĸо˶ԷĿֲһɽ纣ѹ
¡¡
𵴣һֲɽѹɿҶԭڵĵطȾȥҲϵ󣬷ԲʮķΧγһƬڶ
֮еĺڰǣ׷׵ķ˼֮Ĳҽ
Էһ֪ѹ˶ٵ顣
ϣ
Ī龹ȻãֻӶһޱص̬ʣһѸٵıһڸסͬһһڴȥ
顱
Ҷٵı
ΧȻγһγ˽״Ҷ㱻С
飡
һ֣Ҷֱӱը˳ȥ
ۡ
ҶڵǿֲȻıһǿȥҶҲ̲סһѪ
ŭޱȵķŭǿҶڱɣѪĪȴûͣЪ
ֹ϶ѵĿռ䣬ɱ˹һĽâ֮пʼۼȥ
⽣âӿŷâˡ
ŶԷҪ̬Ҷ̲סĴһ¡
СˣҲҪŮˣһһʵǿķŮˣǾ֮һ˵
Ҷ챾һ仰Ϸԣڿ仰˵̫ôȷˡ
Ҫɱ㡭
Īﻺ˵
һɳƣȴųŮ˵ζ
Ҷûа취ȥɶԷĻǺŮ˲ֻǴҪɱӵĴҪԼİƤѹԼꡣ
Ҷ˫ȭӭϣʮָ·Ǳעһصָ֮дݣѸٵӵԼȫ
ӨӨĹâ˸дűɫͻɫ
ѪӿսҶѸٵİסԼģӭС
͡
ȭ
ҶǸоˣǰŮˣԼûеֿˡ
ȻѾ޷ľ棬ҶȻҲѡ飬Ѫ緢·һսһ㡣
¡¡
ȭͷ裬ĪĽâҲ漴ĳ
ĪŵʵɵĿֲǿ֮Ѫ緢ϳȻѿѩɫļȴӵˣһǿӾ
Ҷ찵Եľһǿеĳ֡

⽣âȷʵֲһײҶ˺ѡ
ĪǿԴڽ򣬵Ҷʱŷ֣ǰŮˣһŮˣҲһʮɲŮˣԷǿͿֲֻǱԼϣ߶ȻӵĿ¡
ҶһֱۣҪ̣Ѫ⣬䡣
ľˮ֮
һ̣ҶһϺȣڵ֮ˮ֮ٵĴë֮ͷųȥͬһһ㣬˲أ
䡱
ֻת˲Ȼظ糣ȭͷӶʱ䷨ࡢȸ붯˫ȭһȭݻأһȭƻء
޲ſµ

ƻ֮ݻ̬ںһγ̫ӡǣ͵Ĳ
ҶȭӲ񷣬ϵʷ֮Уȭµȭ⣬ΪʷĳҶȭȻֲȴبǿȭʩչҪһ˵򣬲ϵȥ
ֻдȭ⣬ںԼзɳΪǿ
ӡȭҶԼȭȭȭ⣬ΪҶҲеͺɷ
ȭȭ⣬뵽֮Уٵڣɱϣתһ
Īüȫû뵽Ҷ쾹ȻѲָıҪѸ
Ҫɱ㣡
Īڷ˷ŭĽ߳
ҶһСǿҲԼƣǿľֶΣҶȥġ
˵ֶ֮£ſԽԷѹĳ̶ȡ
飡
Ҷ쳹׵ˣѾĪɱ⣬ȻĲʹ˷ɡ
ƾŽٵʩչ߲ٶȿ
ɱ֮أ
͡
ٵĶĪǰȭ
Ů֮
ֻһƬ꣬صÿһĽ޲ߣصĴҶȭͷϡ
͡
ҶӴȭ⣬飬ĪҲܣҶϵȭ⣬ϵ
ô󡭡ðף
ȭĿֲĪǰػٴεĽһԱͷ˳
ĪĶݻһĲˣҶ̲סĽ
͡
ٴε£ĪҪˣҪˡ
ΪһǿߣһϵĴڣӵĵۺĪǸ߸ϣﵨ˵ķ
Ҷȴ˵޳ܣʱȭͷϵĽкţȭǴ˼֮ϡ
䡱
Ҷ쳤ȭ֣ȻѡĪĽʼʩչ
ĦŶԷ⣬ŶԷļ㡰޳ܡսĪܹӳȴҲ١
䡱
ٴεıһҶͶԷսķλת䡣
ţħ̲סţۣﲻϵ
޳ܰ޳ܣ̫񡭡
ҶĪսȻγѹԵ̬ҶϣĪ£ߴ񷳯ŵ´ȥ
Ůµ̬Ҫôжô


1677 ô󡭡Բ
ǳ»׹Ӳ
ȭӰȭ⡢⡭ĲʼһγɵĲĳ֮ϣȻγһС
ӰûγһӰӣ໥
ĿҪԲǧʼչֳ
ռƬٴεݻγĩ
ҶѹĪĽ׹䵽֮µľ룬ٴεĽ䵽ʮףǵ֮Уÿһε׹䣬ÿһӣγ˲ϢǧٴεײĽȭӡ໥ײǹҪһиȾһ㡣
߷ַֺϺϣĿֲѾʤһУĹǣ޲ʼһּ̬ڿߡ
ǵڵӣھ
Ī飬趯֮ϣγѩɫĹâⲢɫǰ׻Ĵɫ󣬴ʱߵĿĽѾҶǱ̬ò˶ˡ
㱻飬¶еɫ󣬻ļ֮У·һŮһ㣬̲סΪ֮㵹
һ̬񡭡Ǵ򶷵ʲô̶Ȱ
ţħһԼеʱǾ޴Ѿ׵ĳ
⵹ΪԷߵս̫Ŀ񱩣ʱ˭ǽ뵽УԻܵߵĺ
ǶĪǿţħȴҲ棬Ҷɵģǿ죬ţħĳ̶ȣҲԵĲҺҶӲӲս
Ī飬һȥĴ椣ȻҲԺҶԿ̶ȣʵĺ˵ĺܡ
ݺᣬĽڽĴ߶£γ貵ĹâڳܷѸٵıһȭӡ飬ĪѸٵ˺һƬƬۣǼѩ׵©֮ø˲١
ļӨףٲȻʯεĵ̣γɵ̬ѩɫĹâ˿һ۶·ǸоԼĺʼü٣˫Ŀѣޱȡ
Īǽһŭû˵˵ĶûУҶսʽȴԽ޳ϵĻԼ壬ϵػʼԽγɵƬҲ֮Ʈ䡣
ԭڸסļɢ֮С
֬ļ͹µĽ֮УĲڿʼһѣ˸о
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Īǲʳ˼̻𣬾εĵȻСԽΪκε鶼Դ񣬵ʱȴҲ̲ס
һԱӣڶ£ǽڲǽǶڷž
Ϊ߸ϵĴڣĪҲû뵽ԼȻ飬û뵽ԼȻгһձ˵衣
쵰үͻ쵰ˣС椣үЦһ
ҶϱǷĽе٬̬ͷ·һͽһ㣬ȫûյֵȻƽ
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ĪʵҶȻģ˳ˣͬŴ̫ž۷ľ磬ԷҲһָѹĵزҶȴһϵľѧңһʩչ֮󣬱㹻ز񷡣
ҶȴҲ֪ôõȥԼԿһҲܿıʱҪĺͶԷӲĻǾԲǵ顣
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һ֮İΧסҶԷļ֧飬¶ڲɭȻ׹ǣЩ׹ǣɢӨӨĹԡ
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һǹ𣿡
ĪдĽе

һȭɱȥ֮Ҷĺɣȫûĵӣ෴ǣϢʼԽԽ
ӣһﾹȻҵİ
ĪԲҶ죬ǽһŭ
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ĪѾɫǽһŭ
ҶҲû뵽ԼȻٴεͻ˶ԷķŮˣҲûʲôνĲ˼ԷҪɱԼˣʲô˼ġ

Ӱչֳһ޴ĽݺݵشĪ³
ӣɽ
䡱
ǽ˫ĽҶصĴɡ
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ײڴʱٵĳ֡
Էʵ̫ǿ˵㣬Ҷײٴεʯ֮󣬲ŻͣЪ
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ɭȻĽʼ˳⽣һ˿˿ı䣬綾ߵ۾ɭȻޱȵҶ챾ˡ
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һԱ⣬ǰһΪǿеתԼʩչǰѾ׵ʧȥһʼ׵ĳֳ
á󣬺Բ
Ҷ̲ס૵Ľе


1678 ʥʦ
ȫ¶һ⣬Ѿ޷ڸסˣĹ͵״ѩ֮дŵɫӣÿһ綼ǴĶǷϢ
Ҷ춼ʼоһɵ
ɵˣҶ쳹׵ɵˡ

Īŭ˼£Ŀ֮УɱɭȻŭϣ糺ɫĹâͬһŮŮۻ󣬸ǼԦӣܷܷ֣΢΢һѾ˰˻ϵӴʼۼ
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ĪƿأʱϳһɳĽ⡣
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⣬໥ںϣҵĳ֮£͵ĽҶٴεĺɱһǳڲ
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һǳ޴ޱȣ㹻ǧֱҶ챻һֲУ·ӵһ㣬صļ뵽ǳڲ
ޱߵǳ֮漴Ŀʼƶ
߱ħԭƿǳ֮ĪĽ֮У۵ǳ֮ɱ֮ޱȵľˡ
䷨࣡
˫ֽӡҶԷΪٵĻסԼ

޴ݳ˷ǳ֮޷ֿһ㣬ĳҶʼȥ
ÿһĽ·һǳþˣҶǿ˼£ˮ֮ľ̲һ̣ȴҲܵش

ĪĽڵĴϢţ¶һĨϲɫ
һֱӴҶıѹٹĵزҲܵشġ

ĪԭϲϣȻ¶һĨ֮ɫ
Ȼоˣǳݳ˿˿
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һŮٴεļԦӿʼ֡
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һĺۼǰҶǺۼľͷϴ˿˿ĿЦ֮ɫ
һŮӣ̬ĴӰ
һʵ̫ĿֲˣԼڶԷǰû̫ʤ㡣
С椣Ϊûǽ֮ıʣûйɽ֮ķ࣬λὫҴǱ
Ҷĺ
Ȼȸ䷨࣬ȴ޷γһںϣǽ֮á
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ǵʱҶһǿҵĳС
׼ˡ
ţħԦš֮Ҷߡ
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ʱһɭȻĽ·ѹȫѹһ㣬ţħֱӱѹƵſ
ϴžɫҶͶԷսȫû˵ǱԼĪ飬Ȼ˿ֲĸо
ʱţħ֪ˣҶղŵսǶôĲҺͿֲ
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ڵԼĸоԼĽһ˿仯
ˣȻҶСŭȴûоնɱȥҶһ
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ͻأģĪ΢΢һʱС΢ﾹȻһѪ
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ղȭӡȭ⡢ȭϵĴ߶ԼһޱȿֲĵزȻ޷κĪ飬ǿֲ֮ڶԷγ˲С˺Ī鲻ϵĴ߶ԼŮ۽ڵʱˡ
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Ī鷢̾ȻҶʵʾޱȵĳԾ
⻰ſ϶
ƺɱĶӣû˿Թޡ
Ҷü˵Īĸ̾û˿Ȥ
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͡
һĿȻĴʱ˺գ
ЩˣۣݣɱɭȻٶ£Ϣ·ӿĻɽһ㣬Ĳܿ񱩵ɨ
Ȼ໥ǧ׵ľ룬ҶȴɿԸоֲֿѹ
ʳˣ
ڿһȺ֮Ҷ̲סһĿЦ
һȺˣԭ׷ɱԼһȺˣû뵽ԷȻ׷ô졣
ۺ󡭡
Ī飬ĳ
ۺˣҪȥ˵ˣˣҪԴ
Ϊ׵һˣԼʮģһͷëȥֻȵļѣòѰȴһϢ
վһʮֲĸоȻ
һʵڴ̫žľ磬Ҳ׷ɱҶһ˵УΪǿһˡ
Ҷ쵱һλ̫žǿߣȻ֪ȼǿߵǿ̶ȡ
ˣҪնɱ
Īﻺ˵ɭȻ·ǳʵıһ㣬̹ǣҷ˫
ۺӵ롭
Ϊ֮Ҫ˵Ǻܿȴ¶һĨȵɫ
һ˫ĿƺǴ˿˿ȡ
ֻʱĪ飬棬ѣȺ£ȻǿĿڸסԼĽȴɱ¶˲ٵĴɫ
ǰһĨѩֵ˸ţϱµǸһֱһջ
ע⵽Īջ֮ӵ˫Ŀ̲סעﲻϵſˮƺʲô
Ī飬ΪۺŮ˶޷ﵽĵλλ֮£Ҳʹ˶ۺһֹ
ռռһС
ʥʦôĵӣ
עӣĪεĲǶԷ񣬸ӵĪһַŭｿǳ


1679 Ŀ
ۡۺ󣡡ΪʥʦӶʱɫһ䣬æ¶˵ӵɫ
ļҲ¶˷ŭ֮ɫȻǶھʥʦΪʾޱȵĲ
ۡ
ĪٴһѪӣޣմȾ˿˿ѪһڸǵȻϢԭֱȻͬ
ʥʦ̫ˣȻ˵񿴴ۺεķӼһΣһҪӣĽܽѵ
һλսʿŭȵ
ǴһҶȴ¶һĨЦ
ʥʦʵǹֵĺܣʲô񣿷µۺˣȶȻҪ֪͵Žܳͽɣ
һҲںȵ
ʣµļˣȻû˵̬ȴѾھʥʦ˿˿⡣
Ȼʥʦǲģ˶ûʲôøС
ۺ޾ף֮ˣŮ٣ΪӵңǿϼۣܹΣⲻ˵ˣۺ𣿡
ʥʦɫЩ˵
ߣۺԿģۺݣѰȴҪжϣʲôֻԼվǵǰѣȻԼھսһʮĶ֮ǴеľѧͲˣʥʦҪŮ˵ľѪܹɳΪ˺ɫޱȣֻҪǽ鴫ͳ׵군ˣ
Ȩơλҫߵĳ֣ʹһȺˣƺǳ˷磬ҶϱȴʼԽ
ĳӵŹϵսǴģЩˣЩϴڵĺˣǰӣȴҲ粻ǸʱŽᣬ໥֮Ҳǻ˽ġ
˵ڣʥʦǿĪ鼸ۣȴ˲䱻ż󵽣ʥʦԵ˼ˡ
ȻҶҲĳνľʥʦҲʲô񣬶ԷаڿĪ֮ʱ޲õĽԷ˶ȥһ
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һֱӵĶھʥʦ˵㻰
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ٴεĿһҶ죬Ȼ뵽еĹؼҶļֵǱѰһõ֮Ȼܵӵļνģʵ͵λҲӵĪãеһΪǾս
սΪϵսһֱڲʵߣʵ͵λǶģȻûзݾӰȴǿ£ھ˹ϵ֮󣬴ȴ˶ϲ㣬˵ʥʦҲԵΪı
ӶĪϲȻ֪ɴСĵϣ㲻ʲô飬ǷĪϣ»ԵޱȱʱĴҲܿɱ
뵽ӵ磬һʱ䣬ʥʦɫҲʼԽѿ
ۺ󣬴ҵĴۺԭ£
ʥʦȻĶĪдһĵ̬
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ħľʥʦŪŮ˲֪ж٣ȴûκεһŮ˿ԺǰĪԱȡ
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ģŮ۽Ī飬ȻԲԷĵа񲨶ĪȻܵˣ۲ϻеġ
ĪĿŶԷߡһȴ׵ҶЦ
һȺˣȻĸ㲻״ĪȻǾʥʦǿһ죬ڵܵˣʵԭһ룬Ī黹ԭ¶ԷǴȶԷ
ҰɣҰɡԽԽá
ţħΪħ̥ȻӵļթҲеͷ
ۺѵĲԭҵĹʧʥʦɫȻת䣬ҲʼŲϢ

ļ˶ʱĴŭ
ʥʦʲôʵۺ군ˣһ㳹׵군ˣû˿Ծ㣬ûκεһ˿ԾˣǾսĺˣȴҲ޷סۺ裬޷סӵŭһΣֻС
ۡ
ӵĻﻹû˵û£һâȴѾſµӶԷԴһš
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Դ£ѪǱնϵľݺݵγȪ̬Ͽտӿ
ʥʦᣬϵ֮ɫԽŨϴ˿˿Цָ棬˿˿Ѫڵ
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˵ɫ䣬û뵽ʥʦȻѡ֡
ʱǣɫѿеĵӺ;ҲޱŨ
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ĲҽڴֻһѸٵĴӶԷڷһ㣬棬ͼӴܡ
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šʥʦ㡭𣿡̲סĵϴžɫ
ĪְԼ棬񽣵Ľ
üȻҲ뵽һεЩѰ
ˣҷһֱҵĵλͼҵҫջһ㣬ΪҷֲȻ۲Ŵԣ˵ĺܶԣŮһֿµҵı¶ĻǾԻٲ֮صġ
ɱ¾Լͬˣڷӣ벻ʳΪУѵͲӹ𣡣һ˿ںܴ󣬵ɫ̬ȴ̲סҪЦ
㲻ͼˣһ˺ߵĲһôʱˣ໥ľﵽĳ̶ȣݲȥʥʦԽĿ£ԼƺǴ˿˿ĵ⡣
ɱǣҲ֪ģܲ˵ģһЩʱգԷƺǻ˵ʥʦ
Ҫ׷ˣҺҪ˵ģǲۺҪЮ𣿡ʥʦϱԽĹ졣
תĪ飬һ˫ʱʼа쳣޼ɵڶԷĽϿţѰţ޲õĽԷǹˡ
ﰡа쳹˳ݵĺԶȴĪ˵ɫޱȱ䣬ĵ׳


1680 
ﰡ
ε̬Ī̲ס
ĲڶԷ֮УŵֲǴ㽫Լİһ㡣
ӵŮ˰ۺˣҿǶ㴹ѾãԴӼ֮ұ㾭ؽŮΪӣҵĻｿҵתĽš
ʥʦﲻϵĴ¶ǵĻЩĻ֮УһͷţƺǶԼͷš
ĪɫԽı
ϵľϵĴ߶ţг·йԼеķŭ
ǵģĪǷŭӶԼķǾʥʦȴˣǶԼһ¡
оڵζٶȽҪγɹһ㣬ĪаԵż
ҶʵȻǿ󣬵ǶԷȴ൱Ĺ죬ĽϣϵĿʼɺƻԼͬ֩һı
ľ֮У޷תʵҲԭɵز

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ۣȻʵѹĪϵĽ⣬㹻߳ʮ
顱
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Ǻܿģȴע⵽Ī촽棬һ˿Ѫûбøɾ
СӣȻʵѹӶޱȵӣҪȥһǻŴȥȷʵųĶڡ
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Ҷɫ΢䣬ԵĸоˣԷЦ֮У˿˿ıϢ
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ʥʦôĵӣȻµۺ˵˼
ļˣƺ֪ԼһӲˣˣŭһ
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֮УſʱһӰӳȥ
ۡ
Ѫ裬׹ɭȻʱ֮УѪ⿪ʼ֮Ϸ
ЩѪ⣬ޱȣȴֱݲе˼£һɭȻͱϢ

ʥʦ΢΢һܿ¶һ˿Ц⡣
áǡǣǾȻҲҪӣ
ɳڲĺʼ쳹֮УһĨ޷ŵĲ·û뵽ԷȻô
ߡʶʱΪܣʥʦ˵ʵεȵ죬ȴһζļʶԷֵܿɲôȥҸھʥʦߣҲδһ£ǻǰĵĳΪǵͶ״ɡ
֣Ǵ˵ﴫģֻǹŹֵǣȻܵϵںһ𣬸һһĸо

һĲҽ֣ʱһӰʼѣħӰȴ˳ƶ£˺ѵѪⲻϷǿֲ̬ѪȵζҲ漴סΧ
ĪȻոߵ󣬵ȴҲֻһŮˣѪȵ̬ĿʼƫбĿҶһ࣬ҶҲֻмԶѡ
顱
ӰƮ
ӰͿȥʮ̬òһ£ޱȵĽӽһˣȥ²߾ݡ
ʥʦˣǵͶ״ֻǲ֪Ͷ״Ƿ⣿
ɫڣعڵϣԷ۾žʥʦƺǴӶԷõԼҪĽ
Ǻʶʱ񣬶ȡᣬȷʵСǡ
ʥʦЦݣһֱĸо
ԼϵѪҲ˵ı顣
ۺ󡭡Ȼòޱȣʥʦ˵۹ʵ
ǵǣһ֮ɫ˵
ǰȷʵҿĳ⻹һ̵ֻõ壬ҪƷеĻۣҪµ㹦򡣡
ʥʦ˫ĿݺݵصĿĪһ֮·Ҫ۾һ㡣
ʥʦˣ˼֮󣬵õһֹŷΪŵŮ񡯣һҩǼǿ֮һƳ֮󣬸ҪʩչŮ˷ȥԷ˲ŮһʱޱȵҪ
ǵǵĻ֮Уһᣬȵ˫ĿȴĪĽѰţȻĪ飬ҲմȾ֮ġ
ĻҵаգԼۺһĶ¯ţۺζޱȣһҲֻ֪ȴû뵽ҵȻĺãƷۺζԺӵĿƷ
ʥʦĻ֮УҲ̲סĴһ˿˿ļƺЩˡ
ʥʦĲµ𣿻ǣǡǣںڵĻü
Ī˳
ڣΪʲôҪڣԭΪӵߣԵõԼҪģָǼҫڿǵ뷢ԴģǲûеõκεĶ෴ǣô࣬öεĶԼϺãΪһŮˣȥĻǺεȵĲֵ
ǵǵ໥룬˵˭ڣԷҲῪڡ

ʥʦĿЦ
ϵħʼϵͷţаĲذΧס
ȻԪǰֲȴӴĺܣֻʥʦȻƾԼֺ͸ǹ

ҶﲻϵĴϢţϴžȵɫ
Ⲣں£෴ǣڼޱȵļ
ϵҪǾʥʦϵָо൱ǿңҶ춼ȥмܡ
֮ʥʦھ˶Ĵ֮ѾΪҵ֮ˮ֮ͻ֮ʱҵӵںϵ̫̬ޱǿҲ֮ˡ
ԵҪȥԵ
ҶڵĴϢţžʥʦ˹뷨΢һ˵ݳ
Ī飿


1681 涴

ֳҶĶߡ
Ҷɫ΢Ī飬ߴʱޱĿǰƺû˿ķӦҶ춼ΪԼղǻ

һΣѾЩӲȴ̶Ҹӵ
ҪҺ
ҶЦŴ
Ѿָ˲٣˵ԼһߵĻҲδûһĿܵġ
㲻ĻҾƴҲѾ汳
Ī棬˵һ򶼺棬޷ȥɶԷʵԣ⻰ĳ֣ȴҶɫ䡣
㲻İɣ
Ҷӿǿˣ˵Ļ϶ҪùˣԼһ˵Ļţħİ£ܵĻ᲻ûеģĪ鿪ʼ֣ԼԻ군ġ
ҪôҪôһ
ĪһεѾ˲̬
ݣ
ҶҧгݵĴ
ŮˣԵһвŤļһ
ԷĻ棬Ҷ޷ȥɶԷǷʵ
ʶ࣡
Ī֮Уһ˿ʤĲ
΢΢ƺǶԼһʤǿġ
ɰ
ҶȻо˲Լоʾޱȱӣ
Ůˣʲôɰԣ
С椣ô
ҶСʵŮˣҶȻν֣ÿһζԸоһͺԼһȷ
ɱȥ
ĪĴ
˲Ҷһҡ
ǴҪΪҵ𣿡
ʥʦͷǵǣЦ˵
ǵģʥʦˣԸΪ£룬Զ̷
Ĺڵϣһĺȵ
ܺãǺ۹⣬Ȼ˵ĻҾǡ
ʥʦϵתûΪɵ綾һߣƣÿһεߣǿ󼸷֡
ǸŮ𣿡
ʥʦָĪ黺ؿ˵
ǡǣĵͷ
ƷȻҪסˣֻҪסˣʱһǡŵŮ񡯣ȻҵֶΣǵĵۺˣΪҵĳ
ʥʦϵı鿪ʼԽ
˫Ŀ˸˿˿â·ѾĪ飬Լתˡ
⡭
ǡ΢΢һ㶣û뵽ԷȻԼ֣߳ĪʵǴ̫žΪѾˣձ˵ʵ̫žѣǳֵĻܻܿġ
ôǲԸ⣿ʵǣĺãŮ˵̺ˣҲǵͷǳһ´˵֮еĵۺжô
ŮˡȨơԶǿ˷Ĺߡ
һʱǵߣ˫Ŀ˸ѪĹâĪ飬תĪ飬ʱҲû־ηڵһŮˣһŮˡ
ҶĪɫı仯аԵŭʥʦա
ǿɲǡǣ׳գʥʦʲôע⡣
ӿʼûҪΪãǵһĶԴĪʵǴ̫žΪεˣǴҲԲСǵߣһζĽ»ĪĪʧʱʥʦ᲻Ѵ֮ͽĪշˡ
ۺ󡭡ԣĪ飬ҪǣǸҲǱΰ
ǡǣ˷ĻߣЦ
顱
Ȼĳˡ
͡
һצĪǰ
˺ѵϢѪϢںһ𣬸һǿޱȵĲ·Ҫ˺һ㣬ĿԼ֮ϣһµѺۡ
֣߳νǿֲǷΪϵսˣȻ൱Ŀ£һ޴˫ħӰʼŭ
йϵɣ֮Ȼ涼һɲĺۼ
ߵʵҶüͷû뵽һ϶ΪһﵽЧȻ£ΧǷ·ǴŷħеļӳЧһ㡣
Ӱ󣬷ɿ𣬳ĪΧȥ趯Ӱ˿
ϣ

죡
Ī񽣣˲ˡ
˲ʱ䣬һҫ·סУ紺ѩˮƺչᡣ
е϶ԷĽ⣬һǿҶµɱ⡣һ̣ͣˡˣһļž䣬һжһĳ֮Уʼþޱȡ
䡱
һ޴Ļֳ
Ůۻ
Ԧϣٰ˷ݺ۳ңʮŵأң
Ů۽޾ıϣѹķ
ʱǵߵһĽӲӰ˸ʱֳԼԭ̬
͡
ݺᣬ˲ƽ

ǵǷĲҽû뵽ĪܵصĴ֮󣬾Ȼ˵Ϊ
ұҪǿ⽣ϵķ̶ȣѾᵽϢҽҲþʥʦаԵһϲ
ңԼڿʼʱûг֣ԼڿʼʱѡֵĻǿ»Ҳһ޶ܵĪĴһС

Ѫ裬׹ƮѪ֮趯
ߵ˲䱻иΪ⡣
ࡱ
һֻӹ˾ʥʦǰ
Ȼһ㻹ֻû뵽㾹ȻֶΣܹصĳ̶ȣҵĵۺˡ
ʥʦһЦʤȯյ̬ĺ
㡭û뵽㾹ȻŮܵѹƣǿµĶְԽĺ棬㵽˺εȾѧ
Ҷ죬ʥʦٴεĿ˵֮УŵĹ죬ޱȵԡ
ۡ
ĪһѪҡҡ׹·ǳһ㣬ϣǶһĨ԰ס
ȻղŵһУõޱȵĿ£ѹ
Ȼһ˰˵޳̶ȣҶҪޱĶġΪʵ̫ǿҲ׵ĳ֣˵ãʩչҵͨѹ£ˣңܿģҾͻ֪ұӸӵġӵܹ㡣
޳ܣ
Īһ糺죬ǱԷԻġ
޳𣿵ʱͻ֪ҵгݻǡ޳ݡ
飡
̤㣬ʱһа壬εа·ǿһ㣬ķɳӿ
䡱
ң
ĪĽｿ߳һĹӰŮ·ǵ֮ŭһ㣬Ĳˣ˲
ŮϿ£ȴûԭ޼᲻ݵƣȻѾˡ
飡
һȥ˶ԷŮۻ󣬾ʥʦЦֱֹһ㣬ٵסĪ˱ǣ·Ҫʥʦڵĵȼ
䡱
һǿͻȻ֮ʱ򱬷ƺƵ糤ʣƺԦӾ죬£Ļ˾ʥʦ
ң
ʥʦɫ䣬Ҷڵĵطһʱ֣Ѿһˡ
¡¡
Ӱɿ𣬼Ԧųգٵ˸ȥһ޵ĲγɣڿⲨ֮ľʥʦҲ漴¶˾ϲɫ
涴Ȼǳ涴


1682 ħѸ
涴
һ൱Ĵڡ
֮У硢ԪÿһԪԼĴڷλǷ·ڵϸһ㣬Ϊɡ
ȻϸǾž涴ɾǴžһĴڡ
Щϵһγһѭһ̬涴ǾȴǾڡ
ǳ涴ȴҲǳͷ·һ㣬Ȼ֪ĴڣҪѰҵȴҪƿķܹҵ
ľ޴Ҫ֮ѰҵڣѰҵ涴ֱǱ컹ѡ
涴֮У̲޾ıأڳ涴֮еõϹŴܵĴУӶ޾Ĺϴǿǣǿٵأֻժ£ӱǣɸ֣еĴȻ޷󵽵Ŀֲ涴һ޾ıǿҳΪ֮ˣھսĴͶϲˣõĻҾȡ˭ܹ淴ңĪ飬㻹ҵĸǰҹɣǣ
涴
ݳĪȴûᣬֻǾĿǰɢŹ첨С
֣·ʱĶʧһ㡣
涴һ뵽澭ڣʱĶݻ͸ı䣬ûץסᣬƱػǳ涴֮УصĶȴǾ춯صģȻҲһţڳ涴֮УֹħĶħԨħ޵ȵȡ
ߣ
ҶڵĴϢŽе
ҲأĪĽ뵽ڣˮ֮ľ̲֮ȴҲڶʱ֮ڻָġ
ղŵһУѾҶΪǿһˣû뵽ǣԼڴȥһ֮ڵĽȻ·ǸоҶһ㣬ٵľۼٴƻ
㡭ÿ֣
Īĺ
ҶƣǷ̡水ţȻһҶȴɵģϾղ³ͻȻ޷ΪǡķӦ
ǣĪĻȴҶ̲סһĨŭ
С椣ҿǽȳˮˣ
ŮˣҶͿ뿪ˣں;ʥʦԿ
ߣ֣ˮȴҪҵġƨ𣿡
ٺٺ١̫иоˣһʱûע⡣
ĪĻҶ춼̲סһ졣
֮УǻĸоޱȵҶ̲סİУš
Ϯһ˵ϢҲҶǱ̡ΣЩ֡
顭
󣬴һ֮
Ԧӵɿıһֻа֮飬ʥʦ֮У˿˿ŭ;ϲҶ׷Ѱ
Сӣû뵽ܵôص˺ȻԳ֣ǲˣҸһᣬеŮˣʸմȾģ
ʥʦ˵䣬ѾԦ޾а֮Ҷ׷ɱ
Ůˣҿˣ˰ɣ
ҶӵĽе
ʥʦû˵ɫȴѾ൱ѿ

ʥʦŭһٶȱø
͡
һ򣬾Ȼų涴˵ĲۣҶпʼڴ
˵ĵط϶ûб˷ֹӦΣԼС˲١
ԼģҶԷԶԼԼҶ쿴һӰŤš
һӰڳ涴ıԵȴַ·ڳ涴һŤһĴϢʣǽ飬ȴ޾һ㣬Ҷ֫ٺ̼ķžʼ첻ϡ
͡
ٵС
غã㣡
Ī֮дһ˿ǣ⺱ĽȻûɵģΪ˲䣬а֮Ҳʼı
ȻʥʦҲ뵽˳涴ڲҾǲԶ
涴֮Уϵһ𣬵ȴ໥ķָֻҪСĵĻ㹻Ķ㿪
Ҷ࣬Ҳ̲סĿʼ˵
ﲻǳ涴澭ڣոսѣҶĪɫڽ֮б滺˲١
޾ѾҺ
˼£µ˼£Ӵ޼޵ĵز
֮䣬ͬڿҺһ㡣
ʼߣھߣҶĪž֮ϵ쳹
·ǹඥһ㣬һˬ˼޵ĸо
ÿµϢҶ֮д˿˿ĸ̾
ϼ֣裬ǳת
ڣ·ڣ£չᣬ޾ϲĿʼֹ
Ҷ첻Ҵ⣬涴֮УĪĽʼɿӴܡ
Ŀռĺܡ
涴Ȼλ֮Уȴų涴෴ǣ˳涴֮УǾʹ뿪ǽ뵽һոµĿռ䡣
ָоڽ˲ƶ
һкôҲл
Ͼ˲뿪ǲȥıʳ׷ɱ֮෴ȴڱһɹɵа֮ͬǴһڳ²ϡ
ȣ
ҶһƲ𣬷·ǳһ㣬
ǿľʱĿʼת޾ĵââ֣γգһĹâʼɿ
ˡʱһѺ۳֣ҶɿĽ뵽Ѻ֮С
Сӣң
һŭ֮ĳǻȥ

һ޴Ӱչֳ
һȻޱȵӰ
ߴףޱȵľɫӣһ̬֩
޵Ͷ񶾵֩໥ϡ
ħѸ
СħѸΪаĴ֮һ
ĪĽＱٵĽе
죡
Ҷŭһ屬һٵĳһȥ
ɽ纣ƺƵıһӣйȻ˺һƬգҪȥ
¡¡
һɷۺɫʼٵӿһ㣬ٶ֮죬Ҷ
ȥɣһԹŮ
ۡ
һޱǿݺݵѹǿеĽҶĪĻУӴǽߵ壬͵ɵ֮⡣
顱
ҶһѪٵһϵѷ֮С

ҶĪʧĵطһӰٵۡ
Ǳ׷ľʥʦ
涴ڲƼ򵥣ʵȴޱȵľ޴
оͬԹһ㣬ҪѰҵڵһ㡣
ÿһѷ죬·һ䣬ľҪ֮ҵԷԵ֮һļʡ
ϧһˣĪ飬Ҷûй壬ȴҪˣҵħѸɲһĻҵһԪͷųһﳹеģԸ⣬Ǿˡ
Ѻ۳ʧĵطʥʦ˵


1683 ħѸЧ
̫֮֮Ԩ֮޾ĸ֮
а񣬻ʥ߰ϣ֮Ҷ챾˶ʼ
µʼ¶ݻ硣
ˣ䣬ѹķ֣޲һǿĳ
ʲôط
Ī̲סĵе
涴ڲ
ҶһĬȴûʱһ۽
涴˫֮أڹϵķ֮У׵֮Уûа취ͳ涴Աȡ
ľڲаʲôĴڣû˿˵ǿǿߣȴҲû˵
ﲻǾþ֮أҪϽ뿪
ĪѸٵ˵
ľˣȻʶҲҶԱģһ۱㿴ˣΧȥȻޱȵŨȴһֵΣ
ΣϢص൱أҶԼ֮ۺѿеİȴҲƾĸоΧͬѰ
ڣľ֮УҪȥĻǺѵģڣʥʦһѰǣ˵ʱĳȥĻƱػԷע⣬ʱ򣬶˵
Ҷǿ϶˵
ȷʵʱľʥʦڷѰĪҶߡ
Ȼʥʦ˵췴Ϊ϶Ī飬ʵϣȴޱȵĻֻ֣̿һսĺѣ˵㲻ʲôھսѾʧеʱͳ˶ϲ㣬ˣˣҪپж١
һԼ鳹׵ı¶Ļʥʦҿ϶Լ޷ӳӵģԼĪΪ롣
ȻѾˣǾҪúõۺ󣿺ߣȻѾӣǾҪĸɴܹӴһñҲδһ£
뵽ĪܵԼħѸѾʢ˼£Ķʱʼû
顭
ҶȭͷӶԦϣٵأ˿ηΧĿֲϵʩչԼʼɨΧһС
Ĳӿ·ǲҶߵĴһ㣬׷׻ħһ㣬ǳ
ڵľޱȴĵطȴҲΪغ֮ˣο棿
ȻϣΪĵĵطҲΣķ

һȭͷʵʣ޴䷨࣬ںϵˮ֮ˮ֮ĸԣһȭһ
߳˫˷󿪴֮䣬ϵ·ǲҪһĿʼʩչ˳
Ī飬Ҷ壬·һһ㣬üĵ֮ۿϲϣĹâ·һһ㣬̲ϣΧɱһ·
Ҷ㱧ţȻڿʼʱĪ黹ޱȷŭģȴҲû˿İ취Ͼڵܵ˲С˺ûпԷˣ˵ҶҪʲôҲû˿İ취ȥֿ
ԼģĪ龹ȻҶǲǿ׳棬оһְĵĲְģҶεǿ󣬶һֺĸо
أĪĽƺʱ̿ʼ
ֹĪ飬ҶʩչǾɫǰһԱ⣬ҲϲϵĦţĸо˵ģǼٵġ

΢΢³һҶ֮У·ǸоΧʼ籩һ㣬뵽Լľ֮С
оޱȵ൱Ŀ£ž죬һ˿˿ʼγɡ
һԻչϵػӶţһ˿˿Ҳʼǰʼǿ
棬ޱȵ֮·ϵĴһ㣬ȥĥȴҲѵ֮ء
ΪԽĽӴǿ󲨶
֮˶ض춷޲İ԰֮ʩչǿĽӴľͺһλµǿ߲ϵԼĶ˵кİԴ԰γ
ȭ
ҶٴεĻӶȭ
ʱһ׻ӰֳʵʰĹ⻪Ȼһצ˺ĺۼһĺۼһַζ
·һһ㣬
һޱŨʱ֧飬γްıԴ֮
þȭ
ĪкȻޱȡ
ڿʼʱҲҶʩչȭȴû̶ȡ
ڣҶһһʽĪ̲һ׻־һ㣬񡢿¡ǿ󡭡
Ƽ򵥵һȭȴ̲ǧİڵûаܹҶľȭԿ
ÿµһȭ·һ㣬޷еĸУȴ˸ое
ĪкȻǸӺȻȴڼɵҶ

ҶڵĴϢţߣһƬһĿռ
ôˣ
ҶƣӣĪ̲סĽе
ãߣˣһʱѵĺܣȻǿڸסϵֵ̬֮ȴ˸ӵķ
ͦεĽҶ컹Ҫ߳һЩΪϵͦΣʹĽøȻ
ҶҲʼˣʥʦΪʲôƴ޾ͽĿܣҪõĪ飬һУǿҵС
Ҷ˵С
֪ΪʲôҸоԼ壬ƺЩԾ
Ҷ컺ؿ˵
ôһ˵ƺҲо
ĪĽϹ˺ϼ
ڸղʱѾоˣָо·һǧֻС֣Լϸһ㡣
һ޷ĿĪЩҪ
ĶˣȻоЩԾȴû˽г

ĴϢʼô
ϼǰļʱҲȾһ˵ķۺɫ·һһ㣬ޱȵջӣС죬ߣֻҪҶԸĻǾԵĿǿеĽס
ȥӶе
һ⣬Ȼûȫ¶ȴҲԿһƬ˵ѩףҶһͷԿع֡
䣬أз
á
ĪͻȻ
ôˣ
ŶԷı仯Ҷ̲סʵ
ʥʦħѸһаĻľѧսبʱıǨ⴫Ҳ˶ϲ㣬ʥʦȴƾԼŬͼôѧ׵ĸı˺ܶ࣬ħѸһаĴڣһеĻܿĲһа뷨
˵ʱĪѾ΢΢ıò԰
ĻҪ˵ˡ
ҶҲʶһ㡭

һɼҵĴУȻĪĽͷųԼģϵĺ쳱ƺһŭ


1684 

һƺʹ࣬ȴַ·ޱȻõĪ
ת϶ԷǱ֮ȥӴʣʵ޷ӡ
ϣ
񽣳ƺйеĸ飬һĽʼĦΧգϵչֳԼΪǿĹâ
Ůˡǡ
Ҷϴ޷ڸǵľ֮ɫŶԷһ˫ĿϵڶԷѰš
ʱһȿʼ΢΢Ķ̬չֵޱϣ΢΢ţƺǲ˵ȴ޷ڸǵĴС֮ͷ˳
Ȼʱõͷţ
ҶϲĿʼ¶˾㵺˷ܵɫ
ǸåȴɷϵһˣԼĻŮˣһɫԷԼĻﵽͷţ»κεһˣ޷ȥסջģҶҲǲеġ
áÿ֣
ĪȻ
Ҷ϶ʱһ
ڨڨЦЦ
ƲĿʼŶԷ̡ϸԲ֮УŻĴУЩˡ
յʱһֹİ֮С
㿴ʲô
ĪĽе
ҲǿеҶ壬ǿĸ֮С
ʱ߷ԼȻһİǰﵽһͷţһ࣬С޾׵α˼סȴûܹƾõҲС
ҶǰȻӶ޷飬Կ
ȻϵɫʼЩࡣ
ʲôʲôҲûп
Ҷ۾һգգĶŶԷȣͷҲ̧˵
ʱѩɫ֮ϣĿԿİɫۼ
ЩۼֻҪǸ׳գ֪дʲô
ħѸħѸЧѾҵŮ۽ǿеİסаǿеѹסĻҲ⽫նɱ
г֧ĽƺвĳҶʾ
ȻǲĽȴʵûжɱ෴ģһĸо

ҶһȻǲ⽫ǰŮ˸ˣڣȴûʵԷҪɱˣп϶һҪġ
ȴԲڣҶڵʵԣ޷ͶԷԿԷ϶ɱﵣҶûа顣
ˣεҶںͶԷ֮䣬Ҫ໥ںһ𣬶ѡսοžʥʦһ˵ҲǺõġ
ݺݺݵҧס⣬ǽҧƣǿʹʼѹסе
Ԫһ̫ת񡭡
һζεĿھʼԺ֮ʣŨȻвǿа֮Ԩ֮ʥ̫֮ȵȣЩҶ컹ǿСӦġ
תǿ֮֮һǿӵκεԼĿȥȡ⡶תϾڵľѧЩаȻҲǿֲȴҲڵȥӿ켳ȡģа֮Ҷ켳ȡٶҲֻǱѰ֮ԵĿЩˡ
ˡ
һζεתҶס۹۱Ǳǹģٵתڵ̫ӡǣ̫أ仰˼Ǽ򵥣ԻݻΪ̫ճȻٴεȥָݻصİ
ֹ̫·һ£ҶʼתʱΧҲѸٵסҶ塣
ӨӨչֳ
һǿֲӰ󡢷࣬Ŀʼ۹ȥ
ǿ
£
оҶϴӴϢĪ΢΢һϴžȵɫȻѾҶ൱֮ˣһȴǸ˶ڵоԷϴݳϢŮ۽Ī飬ʼ̲ס¶֮ɫת֮УĪǿеİסе𾪣Ҳ漴Ľ֮С
ݺᣬϾĽ·һ㣬£۳ΪӴĪĽ֮С
ߡ
ĪĽղھͷ֮󣬽Եĺܣʱ壬ȻҲĪ鿪ʼĪĴݲС
Ҷ񲻶ϵİȥϵ¶ȴû˼
ģʲôȻԲǿƻƻı֮
ҶٵĿˣԼ֮УһۺɫͬǶҺһ㣬Լڿʼȥǿ󣬵ӰȴǾˣҶεȵ֮ǳ֮ҫ֮ȵȵȻڶԷǰЧ΢
ǱԷ𽥵ĿʼһҪͻƵ޵Ŀܡ

һʼߵҶڵȫʱҶѾʼ΢΢
ۡ
Ѫ˶ߣһ
⽿ڻϽ˴ƬȼͣʱҶе˼¡
Ҳ漴ʼóޱȡ
ۿȥʱĪ齿֮УһʱѾ׵޷ڸסĽѩǿһۣԸоеջǶôľˣӵĲҪ˵˽Ĺۿˡ
ʿˮ
Ҷ̲סԼĿˮоԼƺеȡ
൱ȡ
ѩɫĽͷ·һʯһ㣬ϵסעԭ㿪ʼ˥ܵĵֿʱø΢½˼¡

ҶһƬҧ֮ѪζʹûиҶ˿ã෴ǣ˫Ŀʼޱɺ졣
·ǻĿĪ顣
͹µĽʱҶ֮УѾ׵ɨͬǳԹĳԼǰһ㡣
ꡭ
Ľš
Ҷ콫Լ־͵Ϊǿĳ̶ȡ
Ůˣƺܵ˿µĴˡ
Ҷ૵ĵ
Ī飬ʱڶԷĽϣڲıԿһĽڴݲĽ

³һҶεĽԷĽ
ֻޱȣͷ·һһִУҶĺҪȥ
ô޸֪үҵĵֿ½˼𣿡
Ҷû
ž
һѪ䵽Ҷֱϡ
ҶѾоһɻĸо⻬ĸоǼĸоһԴʪĴС
ۿȥֻĪĽʱС֮УѾʪˡ
˿˿Ѫڻشʪ
ˣ
Ҷüͷʱˣɲʲô£̫Ĺ죬Ҫҵ·Ů˾Ͳܹȥ
ĻҶûаһ˴߳ȥ
ѵ˵Ǿʥʦֵʱ˵ģ
ҶüͷĺŶԷȣǰ׻ӣڸԼһĪĿ顭

һʱһֻ۾ȻסҶĲӡ


1685 
˻
˱ǣʱҶһ궯
ĬĬšľĿھ壬壬
һҶɫ𽥺ת
̵ΣħѸǿ󰡣
ʱĪ飬ϣ˿˿ĺΣͬǺƻһˣֹסҶĲӣ˽ŤΪһĴһ㣬ƵҶ棬ϢʱҶоڸ
촽΢΢Ŀ¶һСڷ۵࣬΢΢һƤ֮У޾ȻһʱŶԷŤʼЩ޷ڸǡ
漴ǰһ⣬ҲԽѩɫع֣ȻֻǷɺһƳеȴԵ԰ѳ֡
Ҫ˵һˣŮ˼ˣᱻⴺסӲҪ˵ҶѪʢ֮ˡ
ŤŤԲǿҵĴУŶԷŤϵҶĦš
ĦȣҶȣڸȣȡ
ϲĿʼ˺ˮ
˻С椣һЩѳֲס˰
Ҷ̲סڶԷǰ˹ȥ
һԷ̫˵ϢˣҶ̲סҪȥ
ָ΢΢һؽӴ档
ȻֻشȴҲĿһ˿ۼ·ƽĺˮԭľһ㣬ɰУҶԭ궯ıÿʼ̲סһֳֻ׵İ档
ϣ
졣
񽣣Ȼķһµĳ࣬Ҵ˿˿ϣ·һһ㣬Ԧ޾ĳӣʼŭ
¡¡
Ҷҵ
һƼӳ֣ѸٵΧתǿеĽҶȿ
ҶȻĿȿһǴʱΪߵ鷢ˡ
ĪԭգȴƺǸо񽣵ˡ
𣬴ſµ˿ߣ˿Ȼ񷡣
ǣޱȵĹǰ
ĪȻǻûдħѸӰ֮ιǰֽӴȴˣԭ˿ʱ
·һ㣬˲ĸоĲԾ
ͽӣ
֮дſµŭ
С椣˵Ҫ֤ݰ㿴ڵҰ
ҶȵڶԷٴο֮ǰѸٵƿһҺίӣĪе
޳ܰԵ޳ܣ
ҶĻĪڷӦ˹ԼȻͬһ㣬ҶϣҸΪɺ޵ǣԼ˫۾ȻסҶĲӣ޷
ΪһˣΪһ׵ˣҲ൱ģ˵˵һ˾ѵ˵һҪܾɣ
ҶԴǵĽе⻰ݣ׵Īŭͷ𣬺޲õһ쵰κΣڵħѸԼľ޷٣Ҫ˵ȥԦˣתԵޱǿ
޳ܣ
ݺݵضҶ죬֮Уâޱȵᡣ
һĳ֣Ī𽥵˳˸ղŵ磬ȻɻȴûиղôĲ
ǵ飬õĻǷһŵĺãǻܹﶷ涴ڲ磬ҶҶҪ˽⣬еΣպδ֪ҪӦģʱ໥˵ãĻܵùġ
ҶٴεĿ˵
ĪȻû˵֮еĺȴʼɢ˲١
ݺݵҶһַۣŭĲҶ൱ܣǰĻҶԲᣬڵ߶ħѸӰ֮У޷ٷ֮ٵĿԼΪ
ݡ
΢һ֮뵽ĪĽ֮У
屻ǾʥʦУڵ㣬õĲҪԼΪǿĳ̶ȣĻ޷ס
ȻĪû˵֮ȴ¶һĨмȻһĨȴ΢ϿԺԲơ
죬ݻĻޱȱ棬ı̶ȺŨ̶ȣֱӹҹģˣԽŨԽơ
Ȼʥҫ֮аĵ֮ˮȵȵȴʤޱŨʹ⣬ҶԼŰ˲ͼİѸٵĽЩʼ
ϵħѸȻڼǿһʱ̵Ҷ컹ǿѹġ
ʵϣħѸȻ죬ȴҲ׽ֻҪ໥ںϣϵĴɵĽ
Ϊ򵥵ķһһŮĳĽ˶Խ
ҶĪ֮Ĺϵ൱΢Ȼ˩һϵƣȴҲԼ˼Ī飬ԷҶûжٵĺøУֻΪûʵնɱȫΪܵƣҶȴĲĪ֮УתɱǺεȵŨ
˽һγĽӴǾԵĲܵģҶС椾ҲӦġ
ʱӻĹȥˡ
Ҷɵ൱֣ľ֮УǿǳĻԵֻҪǺĴԵĿԴﵽһտ޿ǧյĵزġ
Ī鲻ҴʩչԼҶɵٶǽһ֣֮г˺֮⣬ӵھ衣
ڳҶĪѾյʱ䣬ʱ֮УߵʵҲʼĻָţΪֵŨʹĪķչŮ۽Ѿ뵽һոµĲΣֻҪǸʱ䣬ֻҪǳȥŲʱ䣬Ī齫ɹͻڵľ硣
˿µʣҶޱȵĺգеɱҲǿš
ϧҲǵŵĻϲſԽа
ŮһζҪնɱҶɲǲôöԷնɱ
žž
һڴݳ
ֻĪɢĴŻ֮Ԫصš
ʱĪһ׳ۡ
ⳤ۲󣬶ԵЩգҶĳۣ׳ŮˣԼĴռ֮Уµֻĵҩͽѧȴû˿ʳƷ֪õĵۺҶ컹ĻΪһһ׳ա
һĳȻգȴ˳еޱԣ͹µĽƺǱøӷ
Ҷ˫Ŀ·ǴŻһĿŶԷ
ƺǲҶǲĪȻŭȴû˵⼸յʱ䣬ħѸǿ֮ѹס߿ºȥסġ
ҶĶĪ黹ǱȽϾġ
Ѿʱˣʲô㣿
Ī黺ؿ˵
ΪħѸĪ鵹ǺϣʱֻаޣĻ֮У뿪ֺܵ͸ǣһˣκεˣǴ֮ǿߣҲȥӦġ
⼸յʱ䣬ҲˣһƬ򼴽֮أǵøϽ뿪涴˭Ҳ֪ʲôһʱ䣬ҽһ¡
񱩣ǿĽ֮Ҷ쵱֮֮ʱĪˣҪٴεĳһ£ԵĻ׻࣬ǾԿͻƵһµĲΣʱ뿪Ҳδزܡ


1686 ģ֮
֮
֮УΪһ
еľˮ֮У޲̲ӴֲǸŸԵص㣬ÿһ֮ж¡
ܹ֮еһ֣ҽ뵽ڲ㹻ĳ֮Ϊһǿߡ
Ҷǿޱȣ˵֮еԡ
ˮ֮䷨࣬Ż֮ȸַ࣬ȻǲС
Ȼγˮںϵ̬ȴҲûдﵽ̫ߵĳ̶ȣԶԶĲҶڴ֡
һ֣һص֡
ˣ֮Ϊţ۶ۣȵȡ
һеֶ߱Ķ
Ҷ콫֮׵ݻ׻ַ֮γŵ̬໥ںϺͲ䣬Ҳ໥ĴӶﵽԭǿǧٱ
֮Ϊأһɱ޾ɱһͰ׻޵صǲıϵġ
׻ޣΪɷսɱ¾ս֮ȵȵĳν
еҪԭΪ׻Ѫɱ
֮ľˮ죬˫
Ҷ֮УΪʩչ˽֮ȻҲʼޱȵķҲܹ˵Īԭ
Ҷ֮Ĳδﵽһߵĳ̶ȣҲս֮УԱĵطܹ֮ǿĳ̶ȣǾͷ·һһ㣬ȻǾûдﵽնɱȴҲҡ
ǰҲᱻ׵նɱ練Ӱ쵽ʩչ
һ·ȴҪߺܾá
Ҷеֻǽ뵽ˮĵزȫûе֣Ȼ޷ﵽдԲľ硣
һҶ켯֮ľ֮׵ںϣ뵽һ۷ĳ̶ȣʱ´ȥãبŵǿߣ򺱼Ļ֡
֮ҵĻ֮ˮ֮ѾһµĲΣҪȥ򵽽֮Ҳ°빦
Ҷ찵Ե
Ժ֮Уʼģ֮
֮޼᲻ݣκεĶԵֿڹ°̿һ㣬°վ֮Уȥע⵽ȴҲȥ
ҶĬĬ֮УʱΧĻƺǸоҶĴڣǵصĳҶ˹
ۡ
ڵʱһңһѪ
Ҷɫ΢΢ıò԰ס
Ī鿴Ҷ죬һ㶣ǺܿȴЩŹ
ʱҶ죬һѪ֮ϾȻľۼһ˿ɫĹâ
ڽ֮Ĺ
ˮ֮֮ˮ֮䷨࣬Ż֮ȸ࣬һﵽĺ־ѧΪʲô뵽ôҿԸоĳԷںϣû໥ų⣬෴ǻ໥ĲںϣȻԵĻȴҲںϣ֮ǡ
ӶֵģȻһ㣬Īû˵
ߡεǿ󣬵վҪɱġ
Īһ㲻ȥ˵
߰ķ·ǿȸһ㣬ʱֵĻҶ첻ҲˣϾ֮ΪɻıǱҲǵҶûа취򵽽֮ԭ֮һĪǸ߰ʱȻֵġ
ҪҶĸġ
Ī뷨Ҷ޴ӵ֪ȻҲԷĸ߰Էĸ߰ͷ·ѩɽϵİһ㣬ں֮УȻȥմȾһ˿ĳҲĵԭ֮һңĪɱû˿ĺô
Ժ֮УϵģŽ֮
Ҷ첻ȥֵղŵһѪΧѾֱڣλ
̫ˣޱȵӴ˵Լȥһһ»ᱻ׵ģԼȥ֮Ļ˵Ŀ϶Լ
ڵֻģ⣬ģŽ֮
ĸоԼ⣬һ㵭Ľ֮ʼ𽥵ԼĽ֮źƽȣΧĽ֮Ҳ𽥵ļӿ˾ۼٶȡ
ԽԽ죬ԽԽ죬ʱƣҶٶȺٶڲϵǿţ˷·һһ㣬۳Ϊ˽ɫĹ
ռ󷽹⻪ǿĽâͷŵΧ
顱
ڽ֮ʼ׵ļˡ
һɫĹҶڳ֡
һֻһҶ쵱ǻ֮ˮ֮ʱ̬ȽϣƺС˲٣ҶȴѾ൱ˡ
Ĵһ֮ĹʼһɹɵĽ֮۹ȥ
ƣ֮ϵںϡ

һХͷų
ǰ׻׻ɱ޾ɱͿֲѪ֮
֮У׻Ϊػս壬ɴ˿ɼǣ׻жôĿֲ֮У̲بµĴڣ޾ʷһжѾʼ仯׻޵ɱ׵ĶȻʧȥԭǿ
ҶģΪԴİ׻࣬Ȼѳ̶ҲǼӱġ
ҶĲԺ֮У֮У֮У֮У޲һγ˰׻޵Ϣ
׻ޣΪϵĴڣҶȻոյģ˲ĻХ֮Ѿʼ쳹
ǿ쳹ʱҶʼٵ𵴣·һ㣬ڶ߻죬ҶѪʼȼա

аԵ
ҶѪ·ǻɽ緢һ㣬ĴԼë֮ͷ˳ֻգ۵ʱѣѾ׵Ť˼¡
žž
ž죬ϵıȻĿʼ쳣
׻޵ķȻ˵Ŀֲܵģǰ׻ΪĴ֮ϵĴڣ̫޼᲻ݣȴҲܹǿģҵȸ䷨ʱҲû˵ѣѵ˵Ϊ
ܿҶҵԼҪĴ𰸡
ȻǾȴ̫ˣľˡ
ͺһƬ֮Уʳﴹһֻ㣬ʳȴǴϲԣǺİҲҪԵġ
Ǵƿʼʧʳ˴֮˵ͣ޷ܡ
ҶڵαˣڴΧ֮УȻҪȥںǽ֮ӽ׻ͷųѡ
䡱
֮ĹתγһٵذĽɫ
ģĵط׻Ȼںϣ֮׻谭ȴҲƾ׻޵ǿеںϡ
оԼԺ֮Уǰ׻Ӱӣ𽥵ɢҶε̾Ϣ


1687 ؼ

³һҶεԼ˫Ŀʱʵ൱ΣһޱĵطӴĸļȡȻȡٶԱһЩĺܣʤϺá
ҶȴȲҪ뿪
̵Σ뿪Ļҿ϶򵽰׻ġ
ε̾Ϣ֮УҶ컺˵
һεĽ֮ģ⣬ȴҲûкôġ
г˰׻һ˿ӰӣҶѾΧѹ£ѸٵĲ׽׻ĹؼڣֻҪŬԵĿԴԼҪģһʡԺܶ鷳
͡
ƻָһָ
ʱ̶Ħ֡
һޱȵǿ󣬽ˣٵĴ̴ΧһƬĺۼа̬
ɼǣһ֮У̲һ˿ɫĹ⻪Ȼһ˿ɫĹ⻪ʢȴ൱ǿ
Ѿ뵽֮һ˿ԴˣһεģҲûջġ
뵽֮Ҷ쵹Щοˡ
ǵøϽ뿪
Ī鿴Ҷ˫ĿСſ˵
Ҷһεģĺȥյʱ䣬ĪȴЩ͡
ôˣ
Ҷ˵
㿴
Īûֱӻش𣬶ѡָŲԶһ˵
Ĺâ˸һŤ·һƬŵĿռһ㣬һɸĲݳſµĸϢ
ıԵĿϢڲϵĳɳţźܿľͿԵڵĵطˡ
Ҫ𣿡
Ҷ΢΢ü˵
û뵽ʱ侹Ȼô١
ŵУ涴Ļʱǰ֮꣬󣬲Ż֣ᷢˣĸµʱ䣬㹻ﳹ׵ıˡ
߰ɡ
Ҷ컺Ŀ˵
ĻƱػĿռںһ𣬵ʱ궼޷֤᳹׵ĻǿɾͲˡ
Īصͷͬ⡣
²˳٣߼̶ǵ̲ħѸѹסǵǿ޷ӳΪֲʵһжҪСĵĺá
˴ʱжٶȺ
䡭
Ҳ뿪һӵʱѣԭڵĿռ䷢һıֲвϵӿĦȻʮ·̣ǲȴ߸оľ
뵽Լһ»뵽еĿܣǵɫҲЩѿҡ
䡭
ٴεĳһƵɽһ㣬ҶĪɫ΢䣺
ãһεĿռȻ˵ЧǸϽ뿪
Ҷ켱ٵĽе
һץסĪ֣ٵ̤߲
ӵ֮֮ҫ֮ľȵİԶʴС˲٣ٶϷĪҪࡣ
ҶĶĪ鲻ɵü΢ȴҲû˵ϾʱʱȥɵĻľͻ
涴ǿǺı֮أǾ̫ίˡ
˪
޾ı˪
ٴεǰ˰֮֮һɺѸٵĳΧأȻһۿԵҵı˪С
ӹǣӦǱ˪磬ȴҲޱȳ棬·ûܵ˿һ㡣
ĳ涴磬İȻ£ȫĲܹԳ
ѩ֮Уγһ޴ѩɽճܹڵֻ޵ʵ֮Ȼγɵġ
ΡѩɽȴʵʵڵĴˣҶԽľ
ʲô
ĪٵĴҶУԼָ֣һط˵
һɽȣɽȵΧǱ˪
һطԼԲ׵ķΧ֮Уһеûа취룬ûн룬һصĳˡ
ֲһƬ֮С
ƴСֲȴһӴȡΧϵԼɵٶȺܿ죬ҲʹΧĿռ䲻ϵ
֮
Ⲣ꣬Ȼֻһֲ꣬棬ָΪ߸֦ɡ
֦ӭĹâΧ˸һɹӵƣ·һһĴУ˵ĸоޱȵŨ
֮
ĪҲ¶һĨɫ
棬۰СĹӳУЩӵ⻪෴һĹ֣ŷǴĺϵһ㡣
һɫϵߣһӾС
֮ﾹȻĴڣҶ¶һĨϲɫġ֮Уʣµҩļ֣ĵмѭ֮ȴޱȺ
Ҷ춼ұ֤Ƿ
֮ŷʳһţͿ˵屶ĵزǴǿ߶Ϊ֮Ĵڡ
Ī૵ĵ
͡
ĳ֣ʱ֮õС
֮Ǵǿ߶޷ȥĮӣҶĪȻĲŹ
֡
Ҷüͷϴ˿˿ɷĿ˵
䣬õǱ
Ī˿õĿҶ졣
Ī鲻ǾɫǺͶԷᣬȴҲ¶ø̬Ǹ߰ӣ޵Ҷ
𣿡
Ҷһ˿Цؿ˵

Īһ㶣һ֮УҶüȴȻͷųһâ
֮
ǿ֮ǿǿߣȴҲ޷ֿסӲҪ˵Īˡ
顱Ҷ쵱ʲãֱӵĳŶԷе˲䣬֮˹ȥ
㡭ĪǽһŭŭεĹâ˸ȻʱѾҶĺ⣬ٴ֡
Ҷ˵û˿Ӱ졣
֮һŶôǿΪ֮ݣӲҪ˵ôˡ
ԼĪ֮ûжٵԣӲܹôķ
թСˣ
Īһ漴תǰȥ
֮Ȼ⣬ȴҲô
ڳ涴֮Уı϶ܶࡣ
䡱
ڴʱһֲӵϱ
Ǵӵ棬Ƿֲڵ֮ϣâۣ漴ĳϸ߿գâ˸·Կһ㣬ʼѸٵı
һصӰ֮ϴԣƺ˳˯ƺھ˼ʲôͷϣһɫԲκۼڻתš
һϳ
Ҷ૵ĵ
Ӱı󣬷ǱһֻֻΧС
͡
âȻļصļһ˫Ŀ֮У᳹˲񷡣
𣡣
һѣţ·˲仯ħһ㡣
⻷ǴĹ⻪
ĪĽһ֮ϣͬبŴڵļһھ֮ϣϵƹؼ俪ʼ۹ȥ


1688 סʬ
飡
һޱȼɻʡ
ھʷ֮Уǿߴڹǿ֮ˣب䣬̫ʱڣһǿƵ
νĴǿߣʤţǴ֮ǿҲţë
Ǹ֮Уڵǿֻ߲࣬塣
ħԨħؼʥ顢ȡ컯ûεħޡͨ쳹صޣаޡͨذޡ
໥һ𣬹İ
巴ΪСġ
ѧϰȴκεһ嶼޷ģѰ߱ơ
ھǧꡢꡢĴ֮ƾǿѧϰ𽥳Ϊ˰ΪǿߣΪؼ䣬ĵס
飬Ǵؼһ顣
Գ֮Ϊ
ΪĽӽ壬ȴӵĿ¡
ǿ῰ޣ֮Уز񷣬Իף֮Уһ¡
ǿȻԳƵǿֲޱȵĴڡ
ǶԷǿģ޷ҪӴѪſԼȻЩûǿѪҲԼֶΣŴУҲԳΪǿߡ
ƾǿҲΪ̫ʱڵһǿߣ鵮ʱȴѾ̫ŵĩ֮ʱǸʱȻΪؼǡ
Ȼ£ȴҲûдﵽ˼ɵĵز
̫ĩ꣬һΪڰԪʱ̾ʹ˳֡
սʼγɡ
һԵս˭Ҳ޷ĻȡһսҪԭںûֻƬһսؼһ¡
ޣƾſµĴкͷ۷壬ĳΪǸʱǣлŲٵΪеҪɣ嶼ȥ
ǱѹһΣ㱻塣
һսȴ쵽˼£ʷû˿ֻƬǿǣƺǶһ飬Ҳǵޱȣ˵һ˿һݡ
̫ĩʱڣһսΪʷ֮УһţһǿߺΪ֮š
飡Ҷﻺ˵

ٴεһƺǴﴫȴַ·ǴݳĴԪǹĳһ㣬ΧѸٵʣйĶ㹻ʮأ
ۡ
ҶĪߵٵĲ
˵ѹ·쿪ʼѹͷ·Ҫֿס졣
⿪ʼ˺ѣ֮Уžľڶ˫Ŀ֮УͷųĹâĳԶ˹ȥ
һʹ֮£ҶĪ̲סѪϸǴ޷𺳡
飬ǹϵĴڣ̫ĩʱڿʼʧˡս֮УʧΪأΪʲôΪʲôһ飿Ī
Ҳڲϵÿһ·סһ㣬޷ȥĶ
޷ڸס־֮ɫ
Ҷ˫Ŀ𣬷â֮ϵĹϼһ屻סããУɭɭϢԵøԡ
ǺɫȥۣȴԽһеĲնϣҶ֮۶޷ӵеڲǿԿһ˿ĲҲֻ޾ĺڰа
ʥ飬ʩչһʥ֮ʥ֮Ϊսʱ򣬶Էٻһʥ飬ʥȻһŮӣʵҲվĲԷǿ󣬵ǲɷϵǣʥ֮ĪƳ̶ȣһһĴһϢѵ˵νʥʵҲ̫ʱΪĩļԪʱ̣µĴڣҶüͷĺܽա
֪ΪʲôоЩԾƺʲôԼȴ޷ʱ뵽еĹؼ
𣡡
ٴεһ
֮УҶĪҲ׼һӰӿʵϺ֮ľ뻹ܴٴﵽľ룬ΪĲޱȵԺǿǻǺѿԷĴڡ
ռ֮ռ򡢼򣡡
ҶʩչԼ
ϣ
ոյչʱĹâʼӿؼ䶼𶯺Ͳ·ίһ㣬òȥйĵķͷŭ
ϣ
һĦ˳
Ȼȴ㹻ҶĪĹ죬·ǿԴݵԼһ㡣
ʩչѾɼĳ˿˿Ѻۣ
סˣ
Ҷһֻ֮ϣһĺۼִޱȣÿһŰ׵ֱ
һķ·һ͡
â˸趯â֣׻Ծβ䰺ס
һִޱȣŹϵƣӴӡ֣һ𽫶Էεؿס
йâ䣬ϼһӨĹâϵʣ·ΪҺ̬һˡ
ֳĿƣȴʥ޷ȥĵֿ
ǻģ
ĪҲǸоԼһķ飬Դ£޷ŵĿһ
޵Ѫע档
Ҷ֮ۿ൱Щ棬ȻһεεѪЩѪ㲻Ĵ޵ıѪȴҲֱϵѪѪҺ
ע棬γĴ޵Ӱص
ô£鵽ʲôݣΪʲôᱻʩչ֮ʲôݣжôֲܹĴ޵Ѫע䰲У
ۣ֮
ҶüĿʼȫͷų
Է̫ˣôԶԸо˵Ĺ죬֪⾿ô¡
Ҷ˫Ŀâɺ챬ʥӤϴɫС΢΢һٵͷųӡһ޴â˸ҶüĶʼʹ
֮ͷŵ˼ޣٵס˶Է塣
ֻһݹǰ
Է˫ĿպϣֱӵĴУû˿Ķÿһʱ䣬һھͻһŭıʼ
ˣҶʧĽе
𣡡
ٴεһŭҶüľʹʥӤһĽȻ˿˿Ѻۡ
ʥӤˣ
ʥӤһܵص˺һŭҪҶ飬һ곹׵Ļޡ
ѪӿŲһңֱӵĿʼ˼ʮ
һ飡
ҶԴʼ¡
ϳ˿˿ѪۣҶȴû⣬޷ŵĿ
ˣ
ĪҲ˵ı顣
ѹ澭֮УĴѪעס
ȴᷢһŭ
һУһ㡣
¡¡
رŷһ޴ѩɽʼǵ涼ʼʯɿķȥһƺǷһ㣬Ȼʼտٵķȥ
¡¡
ѩɽĲɽʯҪΧһ㡭


1689 飿ħ
䡱
ϼɢؼƺǳΪΨһǴŹ⻪̬ʱ֮ѸٵĳΪ㡣
ҶĪߵǿϢȻĸһ޷ĸо·Լѹһ޴һĿֲ
һô£
Ҷо
ͬľľѰ˵һȴҲûм˵顣
䡱
һɫٴεĲ·Ƿһ㣬տʼӰص£ͬһӰ̬Ƭǵصĳܼ
ߡ
Ҷ֮дһ˿ߡ
Χѹʵֲ̫ˡ
΢ۣ֮ҶƴȫѸٵĳһȥķΪıǿԵֿסΧʴ
飡
Ҷȭγһ֮ĿסһʴĪһ·񱼡
ʱѾʼ¶˿˿ĺˮ
ֿΧѹ˵òϵͷҳֽʵƣ뵽˼¡

Լ˶ʮ·֮ҶĪŻֹͣ
Ҳ¶˽ٺ̬һѩɽɽ£ΧԵЩ
ȻɵĿֲȴǿԵֿסġ
ӡ飬ֻһʬˣΪʲôȴҪѹȥѵ˵һﻹµĸգĪüɵ𣬾µ߸𣬿Զһ֮еϵı˵֮ɫ
飬һµĴڣԷȻѾûϢ̫ĩʱڵǿ൱µģبŵﵱУٵıӵ޾Ĺ֮ڴʬ˵ĿֲˣҪѹ˵ûļӳֺΧѩɽѹƣ֪һǲǻѳ

Ҷ³һҲ˵ء
涴ԵĻȻĲܳһ飬ǵ˭Χ˵ĿֲԷȴʩչͨ׵ĸı䣬ΪѾǿݵˡҶۣ֮Բܶೣ޷Ķ˵Ļ˵

Īص˵ͷûȥ
һʱ䣬ƺ뵽һεľ֮С
Ǻ棬׷ɱң̬ƺΪСƨ𣡡
Ҷ첻̫ϲ㾲ףľףȵĴԭεƽ
ߡ֮仹û絽̶ȣҵ˽£ֻҪ֪ȵǳȥ֮󣬱ڱˡĪ΢䣬ƺǶԵޱ൱УҶѯ֮Ѹٵ¶˲֮ɫ
С˭ϡء
ҶаԵֹû뵽Լ׵Ҫ⣬ȴû뵽⳹׵ն֮佻Ŀܡ
ͣˣ
Լȥһӵʱ䣬ĪͻȻؿ˵
ü΢΢ƺ˼ʲô
Ҷɫ΢̧ͷտȥ
ȻΧٴεĻع鵽ԭĵز־׵̬·û˿Ĳû˿Ϣ׵˼£һͿµϢ
ȥ
Ҷ쿪ڻ˵
˫ĿͷųĹ⻪
üĴ򿪣֮ͷųبźâ
ҶֶΣȻĪѾʶ˺ܶ࣬Ī黹Ǿȵĺܡ
ҶͿȥ󣬵ȴſԺ͹ϵĻʯԿһȽ֮ӣ˵ĳ̶ȣبź֮
໥˼һʱ䣬ûȥ˵
ΧѩɽѾ˲٣ȻܵһʬıƿʼС˺ܶࡣ
ҲߵаԵļɵ
ߺһʬĻĳԣ˵ȻûпܺͶԷԿġ
ʲôͻȻ䣬Ҷüͷһۣһ۵Ĺâһط
â·һ㣬ԼҶ춼ʼо˴ޱȡ
߽˿ȥһâȻǴһѩɽʯѷ֮гֵġ
ǡҶ΢ָһâѸٵ˺Χ谭
ĪѾ̽ĳһâչȥ
䡱
޾֮Ѹٵĳ֣ϢҫĹâһʥӵ߳ĲϢǵԦЦһ
ȻԷѾõˣҶ췴ǲȥѡᡣ
õ֮ѾĺˣʱȥᣬЩ˼ˡ
һƬë覣·ǰһͣȻֻаƴС۵ҫ֮ȴ·һʥĽâһ㣬Դ̴һеĺڰ
Χҫ֮ΧƣӴ㹻ΧĿռ俪ʼĲޱȡ
䡱
ֲѹȻıγɵĿֲϢ˲Χ׵ķڡ

һ޴Ļֿ
Ůۻ
޴Ůۻֳ񽣣ٵء
ˡһɫëҲ˿ûмɵԷͷų˸ӴѹĵֿԷƣʼ߳ʮĳ
ɿֲĿʼʩչγɵ޾ռ
һֻһֻ覵һëû
ĺײһ
֮ϣһֻ񵶣Ů䣬ߵײγһɿɲܣ˵磬֮´£׵ͬ²ϣͷųĺըһѩɽ֮С
һʱ䣬뵽һ޷֮Уغһƺһ̣һеϹΪΨһ
ѹ
Īﴫ
ԦŮۻڵӿѸٵѹסһֻɫ
ߡ
ӣſһһֻȻӴ󣬵ȴҲ޷ѳŮۻѹСԭë̬
ССë֮УȻ̲˿µҶһ಻ѣһֻëҲһ˿뷨Ҳû˵ĺƤԷᡣ
õһƬɫë֮Īãë֮еڻ޷֪ȴԸоеĲ
ü΢ҶٴεڲԶһƬâ
ָ΢
⾹ȻһƬɫë
ëŸڰ˼£·ؼΪаһ㣬ٵӿȥ
õһƬë֮ҶɫҲ΢΢һһ޷ǿݲʼͼռ
ˡ
ڵĸ֮Ȼһ㣬ͬһþõûѵħһ㣬ѸٵſԼͣĽǸͺڰȥ˲ɢ֮С
ɫɫĶѵ˵һǶ顭
ĪϹ˿˿ļ̌ͷȥ


1690 ɫı
飡
Ҷ΢΢һݡ
Ĵ˵кܶ࣬ϵʷ֮Ҳйһ˿أţԷĳӵҫƿع֮ͷų޾ҫⸯĳ
ͺڰԶֵܰĽ֯һȻƱڰҪǿ󣬵ȴûпɱԣͷ·ҹĹϵ޷ȥ໥ȡ
Ҳˣ̫ŵĩʱڣΪǿµİս֮ĳһ棬˿µı仯
ѩɫǣħһڵħĥ֮󣬿ʼ仯һֻī
γ˶
֮ȡһƬɫëϵĶ֮ٴε뵽˯ľ֮С
һƬëī·Ǻɫĺˮɫľʯһ㣬ĵĹâ֮УһֹϢ
ʧȥԭĲǱϵϢȴҶ찵ԵĳԾѡ
һƬë״絶ޱȣǱЩνĽıҪͼ̡
ֻһƬëȴ˿ֲ̬һĶ飬жôĿֲҶв羪ȵ˼
ߵĲӿ죬ټΧѾʼɢ˲٣˵ߵٶϵҲ
ڰʥޱߡ嫡
ߵǰϢʼ漴Ŀʼ·ؼȪʼӿ»٣ǵصһ
ҶĪ߲Ϊӿ˽Ų
䡭
ĳĿĵص˲䣬ҶĪߵѾľˡ
Ⲣ޷𾪣ҲֹˮѾ뵽һ𺳼µĵز
һ޴Ӱǵǰ
Ӱ֮Уռ񷣬޴ʮ׶ߣ·һʥһĿֲ
屻Ǿ޴סѺ۳棬һѺ֮У·ǰһݲа˺һ
˫Ŀرպһ
ɫĳ趯ƮԷȻû˿֮ȴҶһּĸо·ǰһ䣬ڳ˯
֮ϣ⼣߰ߣʱѾȫʧȥ˸ղŵֲֿ̬ϼǧѾʧˣµֻһζѰ̶ȵȥͷû˿
棬ѪĺۼУͬӡһ㣬Ȼûνâת̲ŵӴϢͿֲȴҶ֮۶һȱ
ԷӴУȴһ˷ϰơ
ԷУϵȴڲʣ崹Եӣƺһ̬
Ҷ˫Ŀ𣬿ŶԷ̬Խϸ΢Ĺ۲ԽǸо̫Ծ
ƺ
Īѵõĳһ˿
ҶȴȻһٴεĿһ޴
ǵģԷһչȫûԭְӣȻĵطûиı䣬ǵһȴѾҶͷƤʼ
ʲô
һﻹûأ
飬ʲôĴڣ
ȻʷϹ̫ʱڵĴڣûжٵļأǶԷȻ֮Ϊ飬ȻĲʲô֮
ߡ
ҶͷƤһ飬ҲûĽе
̫ˣʵ̫ĿˣʱҶоһֿµɭ֮·һԹ۾ڳؿһ㡣
ɫëɫë߷ǴӶԷϵġ
ɫëҶȻǲ֪еΣǴǰɫë棬ȴԸоһʷǰĿֲϢ
µϢӶԿҲ군
ϣ
Ȼһ֡
ʱҶĪһ
˵ľףγֵġ
ܣ
Ҷĺȵ
Ҳû뷨̧ͷһ۵뷨״ˡ
߲ռ֮֮
ؼʩչ˳

һŭһ֮УҶıѾһɿֲ񳱡
֮£ǲһλ֮ǿ߳֡
ޱȵĿֲֲ˼£Ҷ׵Ĵġ
ۡ
һ¼䣬ѸٵĴ˺Ī
ǿľҶļⶼʼѣڵĽž죬̲סһѪȻ˵ҶʱʹޱȣȴҲ֪ʱԵĲϢʱ
оԼԽĿ񱩺ͷҶٶҲѸٵļӿ죬߲Ѿγħߵ̬
˵Ǳģڶ̶̵ʱ֮УȻĿ·̣ŸоԼıֲֿϢѾ׵ʧˡ
ʱ·֮Уǹѵĺۼ
ղǸһ𣿡
ĪҲʧȥԭӺ֮ˣСſĴϢ
ǰһҲĺʼоԷǰĲҶĺҲ̲סĿʼһ󼱴٣һڿˮ֮Ҷĵֿջ󣬳˵
֪ղŵѹ̫ײˣҸûлᣬӵûȥ
ǵģʱҶȥĻ˵ܵĻҲûˡ
֮⣬Ѿ׵ʧȥԭֺ⡣
ΧȻ㲻񣬵ȴҲĸоΧԵı˲١
һöµʴ˺ۼһֿµĺۼƺǴµζ
ĪԼһ˵
Ҷɫ΢
Ȼһ곤һöɫʵֲҡҷš
һıԸоԼĺʼԲ˺ܶ࣬Ҳž졣
Ȼ㲻ʲô֮֮£һжԷı䣬һöȥѰĺܣʵȴһֿµϢ潻֯һϵӡǣǴĺۼ
ҲСȻôҾµĴ֮󣬱ЩνĵҩҪˡ
Ҷ漴ժȡһԼ
ʱһɸζӿ뵽Լͷ
ղŵһĴ壬Ҳܵ˲С˺Գʱ̲һҲһ顣
ĪȻҲ֪һ㣬ժȡһöȴʼ֮֫ٺ֮ѾһŨˡ
ֱǴ˷ָ
Ҷ૵һƬЧȻ󵽡
ڴʱĪȴݺݵһ䣺
ԡ
ʱҶҲ˲Ծĵط
ǡѩ
Ҷ﷢һĲҽ
ߵɫҲȻһҰףǺܿҰ֮ɫȴӲӵĹâ档
ѩһֺޱƵֲĳ̶ȿɲԱģΪڹЧѩ̫ˡ
ⴺѩĹЧȻֺĺܣȴһֹЧ顢
䡭
ʱڵľʼž죬һɷɫߵڿʼıǡ


1691 Ӱ
ɫɫ֮жһϢ˴޷ȥֿסԷջ
аĺܣ·һλڵħŮһ㣬չֳԼΪΣ˵̼ıǶ
ħѸ
ҶаԵĿЦѡ
ѩ㺱ǰĻҶԼ㹻ĽںԼʩչٴεγΪǿĵҩȴһԼ޷ԦԷ෴ħѸ˳˫£˲Ҷϵļʼ˻ɫ
˫Ŀԭɺ쳣ڸǱ仯ΪѪɫ·һĿΧ
ޱȣ𽥵Ŀʼʧ
ģħѸЧȻ˵ǿڸ޷ȥĵֿһ˿ֿĿԶûС
ҶаԵĿЦѡ
ʱԼȥһεΣڵȺͻȣ㹻ԼķճΪޡ
ô죿ô죿
Ҷʶʼģĺ٣ԵĿ𽥵ʧء
һֿµвϵ

һ˰ĺҶĶ߸֡
Ī飡
ҶԺ֮г֡
̧Դȥ
ֻһĽԼǰ΢΢Ĳ
ŤԽյĳۣʱѾʼȥ˴롣
ѩɫĽ·һİһ㣬Ť֮жĸоеĻǶôľĶǵ
߰ɫ񾱣ԭͬ߰ĿȸһȴѾ糺ɫĹâһ˿˵ķ·Ҫγˮһ
ٵĴϢȻûԭ࣬ȴԵøˡ
ڣҶڱŻĴݲУĪԴĺ֮һ궯ʱޱȿ
ž
ߵҶߣ漴ҶоԼ屻ĪĽ
һѩ޳ȣʱҶϡ
С椡꣬𡣡
ҶҧԼ촽ķĺ
ĪʱȻҶĻˣĪ˵ҲԵĲȥϿɵġ
ԭĪ鱻Ǿʥʦ֮ѾħѸޱߵǲܹйᱻµȼճΪʶ
ʥʦǿĺܣȻֶޱȾˣħѸĵ׵ԭʼҪ˵ǳˣǿҲ޷ֿµĺܣĪڵֿôõʱ֮Уٴεʳ˴ѩʱһĿ³̶໥ںϣγڵ̬
оԷĽ·һѩɫһ㣬ԼĦţߴ˶ԷĽֿ֮µջѾ㹻κεһΪ֮Ķˡ
ǵʱڣĪɫҲԵĺ˿ԵסοڵҶҲ𽥵ɥʧԼԭǡ

Ī΢ѾҶĳ֮ϸ
ȻԷĶԴɬҲ˿˿ʹ࣬ȴ㹻Ҷһ˿ǳ׵ʧ
ɡ
ҶһѵĽĪ鰴棬ǾµʱԼĶ棬΢΢³Ƥ֮ǷɫĹâž˵Ȼ
ȣӵʢһʱ䣬ҶֻǸоԼԴһĻ·ǰŮˣҲ˼
͡
ѣʱںһ

һԴʹĽֻʣΪԭʼ
ϪˮžصĴϢǽ
֣һ޷ڸǵİȻϢ
оѪȻѪˣĪ鲻ӵŮ𣿡
е˲䣬ҶԴһ˿˿ѪʣЩ㱣ǺܿȴܲסϵֿµĻ棬ٵĳ۳
ҶڵƺǸоҶĶɿĿʼ
ΪֲʱȻǷɫħѸ
ڸоߵĶ֮󣬷׷׵Ŀʼ߿ʼӿ
ꡭ
ռ俪ʼ
ҶĪ˵壬ӳԹ뵽˿ռ˳һѺ𽥵ʧԭĵط

޾
һƬĿռ䣬ƺ֮Уַ·֮ڡ
նû˿ϢеǴһֹľء
Ǿһ̣ӰȴһƬռ֮С
Ӱĳ֣·Ͷƽˮеʯͷһ㣬˲ԭľס
䡭
еʱʼ
Ƕ֮˵ʾޱȷŭ
׷׵ĳߵ忪ʼٵĳȥû˿ɣӳ
Ӱĺܣ໥ıһ𣬶廹ڲϵ䶯ĴϢͽ
ߣǱˣҶĪ顣
ʱ߻Ȼ֪ԼѾ뵽һƬĿռ֮УΨһ뷨ȡ
ޱȵĻȡ
ȵ˼£ҪϵȥĦŶԷܹ˸ŷųȥ
ˣΪԭʼȴΪ˵Ķռ֮УԹĳ˴
ۺɫߵڲϵߣŮ໥ںϲΪԭʱħѸҲԵĸоһ㣬ߵĶ׷׵Ĵ߽ϵĵطʼ໥ߣע˫ڡ
ÿһεĹעԼڵʼô֡
Ůˣһ˿⣬ħѸĳǿʵȴҶҪ˺ܶ࣬ҶڵȸңκһζҪңʱʹ࣬Ǵﵽħ֮ʱʹ࣬Ҫܶࡣ
ֻȲֻΪҶڵħѸΪڵƺǶΧĪ
Χ󲿷ֵĶǺڰԵʱĪϣһҫĹ⻪˸ƿΧڰʴԭõһƬëЧ
ҶȴһûΪֻֿܹƾѹơ
ʹڼǿֻȥϵԭʼй
ʹ࣬޾ʹࡣ
ռ֮еͺڰǿеҶڣʹҶΪʹǺѾЩϣ֮ϣϵķ˿˿Ļɫһֶڵʡ

ʹĽϵĴҶﴫݳϵĶҲøӿϵĳ۳Īϣ·ҪĪĽĴ̴һ㡣
ǺҲѩɫĽϵҶĶһ·ʹ࣬ȴַ·ޱȵĻá
ôȻԵֿסôõʱ䣡
һЦͻȻʱ򴫵˳ҶĪߵԭʼԷƺǲ⡣
ǰôõʱˣڰͷˣǸеҵˣȴҰռ壬Ϳ뿪ǸŮˣʵĲȵռ֮󣬸պõĿԳһ˻ζ
ĳ֣һĺӰذΧסҶĪ顣
Ӱֲ֮˳˵󡭡


1692 ׵֮ŵĿ
ЩӰһվǵ޷㣬Ϊѻһռռ䣬ӰȻ໥ţȴƺǿںһһ㣬ǿҵĲһλ֮ǿ߿ŶЩġ
͡
һӰسЩӰӵǰ
ԷԵıվκһӰҪǿͷųϢеӰ޲ʼ
ˣΪҵ㹻ǿˣҲȥһѧԼ˲˹̬Ȼռ֮ҿܻʧȥԭϵӴ˵ʲôأٵˣҵļ䶼ڲϵʧɶȴӡҵУСӡȥɣ
˵䣬ԷȻչһɫһƣָеİ׹֣֮沼˺ڰĹ󣬷·һֻһ㡣
һֵֻĳ֣ʱһɭϢʼľһĺӰһļ·Ƕһֻޱȵļɵ
󣬲ϵռ֮бһУ˺ΧĿռ䡣
ԭ˵꣬˵ȴѾﵽ˴̫ž۷ˮ׼ļޱȣӵ˵жôĿֲ
Ѫ֣
ԷƣǺڰְѪ֣ѸٵĳҶüĴȥ
ˡ
תԷԼԸƺޱȼƿʼʩչǶϷʼû˲١
ôᣬ޵ǱܹÿһſµȻ˵ľֻǴ첻𾳵۷壬ȴҼΪɲһ
ҶԷ͵ͷųԼ
ʱ񳱰ͷŶһֻѪһ㣬һҶü֮С
ɡҿ֮ʲôɡ
Է֮Уһ˿ֻ
䡱
ҶʹಢõĦнţǾʱһǿҵĴʹȴ˳

һ̣Ī˻õĽõͷţоԼ屻ĸоס֮ҶҲʼһ˿ѣѸٵĸоһɲ֮ȻѾ뵽Լ֮С
һֻ֣һֻһ꣬źڰĴӡǹϵĴӡȥϸϸĹĦԸоеĿֲ
ڵҶҲûȥϸϸĹĦˣѾˣԷȻ뵽Լ֮УȻûʲô顣
ߡ
ʥӤȻԼ˫Ŀ
㷴𣿡
Ӱһɭ˿˿Ħ·ǱеĦһ㣬̶ĺܡ
û뵽ϣ㾹ȻԼʶС㣬ҵĻֲ˼ˣ뵱ҿŮˣŮȴҺһŮ˵澹ȻҫĹ֮ңӦ˵ڵ˵Ī谭ֻҪõŮ˵ĽΪҵģСӣҪˣҰɣ
˵ģԷ徹Ȼ͵ͷųһɿǰ
ĺܣȻһӰȴѾڵͬǺɫʯһ㴿⣬ĵռ֮УȻԿ
͡
ʥӤٵĽӡǰҳһ˿ЦݣͷԼ촽ʱʥӤԴѣΪǶѹԵʡ
ݡ
Ӱٴεӣʩչ˱ղŸӿֲǻûн뵽ʥӤ磬ʱһâҶѸٵľۼһûһµķġ
Щµ˼£Ҷϼ裬·չᣬβͲ¡
꣡
·˺ҧһ㣬һڽѪֵȥ
ӰȻ޷٣ȴ͵һ¡
Ȼû뵽龹Ȼӡ
ô£ȻҵѪ֣ܵģҵѪ㾹ȻɵСӣҿǸо̫ˣ˺꣬Ѫָҡ
Ӱ˼ȴҲֻһ˲ѣһѾȻֹ
ֻһѪ֣·ܵĥһ㣬ѸٵĹ
ȻһɼǿѸٵĻ⣬룬뵽Ҷ֮С
ٶȿľˣֻһգ۶ѣӰûзӦԼѪֱѾ׵ĺʧȥϵ
䡱
һ쳹˳Ҷͷϣһ޴Ż
һŻӷǷźĵĹ֮аĲ·һа档
ʲô
Ӱ﷢޷ŵڲȻȻ֪׵֮ŵʲôĴڣǴŻ棬ݳϢȴ㹻岻ϵز
ϡʥа𡭡
޷ϢӰͷ·ǼԼľ޷
žžž
ҶѾԭʼĦ֮УĶѸ缲籩꣬ĪоܾĻᡣ
ס˶ԷȣٵĳȥĪһ޷ڸǽſĽ֮Уȴųӡ
ֻҪ꣬Ҷ㲻ȥ⣬ڵʥӤ֣ԸĲĻԵֿס
ȴ뵽ʥӤȻ׵֮Ŷˡ
Ȼͼҵɣ꣬㵽Ǻηʥ
ʥӤٵĴҶü֮Ԧ̫ʮѪݣ·һʥһ㣬ϲ£ĳ֣ʱռ֮еһпʼ˾޴ı仯ЩΧӰӣ·ǿԼУƺǼԼĵ֮Уȴ˿Ķӡ
ӰɵˣڵҶ˿ĶʥӤϢޱȵĿ£ϣʥֲϢѹס
ʲôĶԭˣܸ٣ѧֻǲģΪʲôΪʲô㣡
Ӱ·˭֪ʥӤ﷢ʥӤȴӵĲ˿ķᣬָȻĴһķġ
Ť·һ㣬ȻĽӰһȥ

ԷڷͼһЩƺᵽʥӤϢȻû˿ķֱӱʥӤȥ

ʥӤ쳹
ʱ֮ʼвϵشһž֮
ԭѵĺۼҲ𽥵ʧ
ٴαþ·ǷԭĹâӵ䡣
¡¡
ϣ
׵֮Żشˡ
һεĴȴҪ£׵֮ŴҲֻǴһһ˿ĳ̶ȣȴȫĴˡ
ƣʼǵͬǻȳһ㣬סЩɫӰӡ
ЩɫӰӣû̫ʶҸо׵֮ŵĲ֮󣬸Ӳȥ˽ȥ
ϡ
׵֮ŵڲ첨ƺʲôΧĺɫӰ̫ˣ޷ȥ㣬ֻһӵʱѣ׵֮ȴѾ䳹׵ȥ
ŻҲ漴׵ͷ˳ȥ

һԴ쳹ʱĪҶҲ漴ڲ֮бþ


1693 
һƬ׵Ŀռ䣬޹⡢ɫ
׵˼µĿռ䣬˵ĳһĲ
ͷšáϢ
֮ʼ쳹˳
֮Уһȥջ
˹ȥֻǿռ֮Уһ˿Ƶ໥ľһ𣬲ʱķʹصĴϢ
֮УҶоԼĴڣһһĴڣǻ֮У·ǳΪһֻ֪ƣħһ㣬ֻڲϵʩչԼ壬ΪԭʼĶԼĴڡ
йͷţ֣·𶼿ʼԭʼĶ֮УõڹͣһĽҶҲ֪ԼǷй˶ٵʱ䡣
һʮʮꡭ
һ˿ȫͷų֮ҶҲָԭľ֮УʱĿԼΧ
ԭȫһʱҶΧһоʥӤڲϵͺͳɳҶ֪һѾ㶨ΧһС
ǺɫӰӣǿֲȴվʥӤĶ֣ѹȥ
˫Ŀ΢΢ҶԺ֮У˶ԷһϢ
ӰļԵĲӣ·һӵļһ㣬û˿³̿ԣеֻǶɵĿ
ԷһƬռѾˣ֮Уϵļȡһϵ׳ԼͼԼܹ֧߳
һֶѾȫɥʧˣʱ䶼ʧˣóѾ˺ܾúܾõʱˡ
Ҷ΢΢ü
ǺܿģҶɫȴ΢΢һ䣬ȥںϺͼȡԷϢѾȻƶһࡣ
ϣ
񽣵Ħڶ߻صݺ֮УϵĽҶ塣
ݺᣬͷų·ǹһ㣬Ҷǿᣬʵͨ죬˽ĳֻһֽϢĸо
¾
һ߳ʱ˲£ռһҫ·ǹӵĲ¿ʼ̹ǵϢӭ··ѩһİΧסҶԭĳ·
ռ򡪡𣡡
ҶƿٵĽӡתƳһĹâЩâۣγ˵ʥķģתΪµʵʣһµı֣漴Ĺ
֮
Է˿ûиҶ촭ϢĻᣬٴεĳ֡
һ˿ŭĻ濪ʼҶг֡
ֻǶ棬Ī޾ĺ⣬ֳ־޴񽣣ޱѸ
һŮۻ˱󣬶ʱռ֮У޾ͷų˶ԷĴܡ
һʱֻɱ⣬޾ɱ⣬·ҪҶնɱɣȥնɱһнͣЪ
ȻԹĳ˿ռ֮Уȥ˺˪˿֮ġ
һԱⲻϵŶԷĶʼ²γһ˵ĲˣСƽ̹Ͼˣµ֮УȻŭµȴΪ֮ӵ
ȻԲо̤գĲһƬ
ߡ
ȻĵʹһĪĶһͣ٣еĽʱɿµʹѹҲʼ
Ҷ˫Ŀ˿˿ɺ֮ɫ
ûԷʹ飬෴ڲϽ䱸Ī顣
ŮˣղſҪɱԼ֮еɱ֮û˿ĳɣҶţлĻԷԻὫԼնɱġ

Ҷ죬Ī֮д˿˿ɷͳӵĲ
Ҷüͷ΢΢ϴ˿˿⣬Ŀ˵
Ī飬һΣõˣȥ˵ǶеڵħѸŻԭ飬鲢ģҵĻ㹴ңȥǿԵİռ㡣
⻰Ҷ˵ʵĪüҲ΢ϵ˸Ȼԭ龭Ҳһ˿ŵ˽ˣҶȥ˵Īȴվ֪ԼѾҶռˡ
Ů˵ޱȹģһΣȻĪռ˲СΣ뵽Լ屻Ҷ޳ܵİռȡһζȥ۳ңԼչֿɳܵĶĪı̲סҪ
쵰
Ī߷ߵĹâҶ쿴˹ȥ
쵰
ҶƢٺãҲЩջȻ˵Լһȷʵռ˲СıˣԼҲռı˰
еŭȼգҶ΢΢Ц
Ҳ֪˭ǿеıסҵ壬ҵϣĺ㡢㡢ٵ㡭Ҳ֪˭ҵ˻ҧ
ԴĻʱĪĽĲ
߲֪Ħ˶ٴΣռȥ໥ںһ壬Ȼ˵£ǵļ䲢ȴвٵƬǳԼļеġ
ҶĻȻҲûд
ĿҶһۣʱĪ֪ԼɱҶ죬ֻúݺݵؿﺮ
ҷģһɱ㣬ֻɱ㣬ܹϴ裡
Էһһ裬һһɱ¾Ҷ춼̲סЩŭˡ
һϣεģȴ˵ȫԼΰ
б£һΣҾһΣû
ȻԷҶҲţ֮УƵĪӵŭڵϿŲС˺Ȼ߽ϵĹУħѸѾˣΪϵЧĪøӾ˲٣о˴̫žϢߣκΣʱĪϻŲС鷳
ǸоԼϣ˽ܵĵطһʹеķŭӵڸǡ
ħѸͬСɣҶĪ߿νǴսʮβŽ֮ںˡ
ĪıӰҶ̲סӡ
һΣƺǻռ˲Сıˣ
ƺǼѪ˰Ī龹ȻһϾ壬Ļ˵Ӳûռݵ壬СƨƺҲĪĶӣеô£
Ҷüͷ𣬰Ե˼
˰죬ȴû뵽еԵɣֻܹ̾Ϣһ
ʲô
ȻģҶԺ֮жļ֮ʱȻԼƺ˲Сĸı䣬ʱʥӤ׳˲٣֮ϵĹѺۼҲʧһŨ֮֮֮һߣÿһεߣҶоԼϵøӵ
һﾹȻҲ˺һĺ
˶Էļ˲䣬ҶıҲʼޱȹŹ


1694 Ԩ֮
鰡
˶Էм֮Ҷ֮д˿˿ĹŹֲ̲ס˵
ҶõؼеЧҲɳޱѸٵԭ֮һ⡶һµȱݣҶõʱʵǿȻоȴԸоĳȱݱԼġȱ˺ܴһ֡
ˣġʩչֶҲֻ֮ѡ
ھ֮Ȼ࣬ȴҲ㲻بѼһЩ˻ӵѧģκεǣУЩѧ֮УûһֿʺҶġҶʼԽǿƺЩϲˡ
û뵽ǣ֮Уȴͷ
ǺӰݣҶȻ޷ȷڶԷȴһֵġʽ
κεﶼʼյģȻ£ǶԷõȴֻеһ֣һûпͷһ֣ˣԷĴҲûҶǿǱҶ춼̫̫ˡ
ڣʥӤ֮󣬱㱻Ŀȥ
еǰ˵򵥣ʵȴĿԣΪҶǿ󣬽ʥӤҶӵϵĿֲʹʥӤˮؼҶӵ׵֮ţ£ǿ˵ġ
ĺӰȫǾ֮꣬һӰɺʹ˲֪õʱ䣬õġȴҲޱȵǿ󣬿һʥӤõĺô޷ư
ʥӤݹϢҶ૵ĵ
ܿģҶٴεٻԼ׵֮š
ҶƵ׵֮ţʱѾ仯Ϊһ˸ߵĳ̶ȣҶǰԷ·һԺһ㣬ӵϢ˸ţȫûԭ̬ԭ޷ѹסа֮ʼʧӰˡ
׵֮źҵʥӤʵźܴ֮ͬҲϲ꣬ϲа꣬Խа׵֮űԽǿ󡭡
ĸ׵֮ţҶаԵ˼š
׵֮ţһŻҶҲֻܹŻΧԼԨħ̫ŵʥһֶڵԼȥӦģҶȴԼһŻһƿأζԼӵ´ԪڣԼʱĽ뵽С
ԨϢħϢ
Ҷ૵ĵ
Щٵɵ֮ҶоˣԼһ׵֮ŵķӡƺɶ˲١
ԼѾһʸȥԨˡ
뵽ԨʱΣɵģȴʵϵĪãҵġǴԼģڵõġ֮еʽҪ꣬Ԩ֮еΧȻҲǿ󣬵ȴڵҿȥƺնɱģοģڵңҪ
뵽֮Ҷ˫ĿҲʼޱȡ
뵽Ԩ֮Ҷʱȫͬģڲһʱ䣬ﶼȥıģ˵Ԩʱǲ仯߲ԪȫĲͬ
뵽ҶȻزȥʱ䣬˵
ΪϣҲﵽյ̶ȣԨΣķҶȴҲҪʱзĴԼҪﵽ򵽽֮ɡ
䡱
ҶһʱΧʼٵı
ǲԶĪ΢΢һȻҶޱȵĳӣȴҲһĸоͷ·ǲҪҶʲôΣһ㡣
ֻҪնɱѡ
ĪԼҵһޱȺĽ͡
¡¡
޾ʼ©Ҷ̵ĸоˣ׵֮ŵ©һɿɲϢϢ֮Уһֿµ֮˵ĶҪ׵ĳһ㣬˵궼Ҫʼҡҡ׹
Ҷ̽ԼǿеѹһһƿԼ׵֮š
Ϊ׵֮ŵˣҶȻƿһŻȴҲ˵ŻڲԼ˵Ǿ԰ȫġ
ͺ˵ԼҵһصԿףԼȥȴ޷֤ⱦصһǾ԰ȫġ
¡¡
Եһֻʼᴩһ־·γʵʣͬҪǬŤתתأ֮е׵֮ȻĴ򿪣һɹϵȴڰаϢȻסҶ塭
ô£
Īɫһı仯
˲һʥϢʼֳ
ʥϢԴһƬëʥҫĹâƺʹĪܹǶһµĿԶûС
ǿħ
ţħһΨ²ҵ׷ѰҶ壬ٵı߹ȥ
ʲô
ĪùԲ޷ŵĿһ̣һħȴѸٵɢ֮УȥεĸӦȻûа취Ӧֺ
һͨһڰͨ
ͨϵĴջ
ǼĲΪֶΣ·һһ㣬ϵĴ˵壬˵޷ѳ֡
־ɽ
Ҷ˫Ŀâż֮ɫȵ
Ԩһּ£һֺڰļ¡
޵׶һ˼ֻаŻ
Ԩ͵ԭһģȴֳΪ֣ԭĵӦԨ֮ϣȻֳΪ֣ȴɷϵǣҲԨȥġ
ͨԨ֮ͨУаӰڻζ·ǸоҶţħĴڣϵĴ󰧺ȴֺǴĳֽ޷ѡ
ͨĿ£ҶҲ̲ס΢΢ɫ䣬ȫû뵽ﾹȻ˵Ŀֲ
ȻˣǾûлͷ·ˣΪ˱øǿֻȥһˡ
Լǰһӵʱ֮ҶǰһĺڰѾĴһڰͨ
ʱȣҵܳʱĽ뵽ģ򣬾Χҵ̫˺Ԩ֮ȴǻὫնɱġ
Ҷ˫Ŀɺ죬ؿ˵

ţħڵؼħϴ˷ܵɫ
ħεȵĳ㰡ǵҪǿĵز̫ˣ̫ˣĻүʵǿĵز
Ҷص˵ͷһͨ𽥵ʧֵĴһӡǣ󻺻س˵
ԨΧҪСĵ㣬ʱ䣬ֻаյʱ䣬ĻǻģԼʱ䡭
ҶһҪԼȻزȥ˷Լʱ䡣
һ˶ռһջҪĶࡣ
ţħ˵ͷ
ã


1695 Ԩ
Ԩ
һûеص׵硣
ţԨףû֪ܴﵽʲô̶ȣȻˣԨҪҲܹ࣬Ҳһ˿ġ
ϾκεһԪ˵һǿߣĿԽ룬Ȼشġ
Ҷ׵֮ţȻҲĽֻһʱƶѡ
뵽ҶΪ˴Լ֮õʥӤҲΪ˽⡶һ
һԹĵطɽʵȴһħľס֮ء
ĻɫӰӣЩӰӵϴһ˿˿ϢϢƺΪʵǿԭҶ쿴ЩӰӵģ֮۵ʩչҶȴĲЩɫӰϴŵǶôĿֲ
մһ֮˲ʧȥԼϵĿƵģѰ֮ˣĪ㾳ǿҲǲеġ
ҶȴںΪ˴ģԨƣȻҶҲȥԷǿ
͡
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Ҷ컯һ޴һ㣬֮»һ㣬ٹֻ˫ĿϵʱѣѾ˺ʮĻӰ
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һĹ⻪ʼγɣԦ̫ʮѪʥӤСһȴ̼ͬסһռһ㣬ϵؿʼȥĽЩӰΧҽ顣
ã
Ҷ﷢˷ܵоĳԼʥӤţٶ֮죬ǧٱ
ĻɫӰӣһ˿ħûдﵽħΪΧħԺʥԿҶǼǵ൱Լʥ֮ٻһֻţͷѾԺٻʥ൱ˡ
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ҶʱԼ巢ޱߵʩչʥӤƺҲʼ˷ſγһ޴Уڲͷųž׵磬ϵ˸裬еֻ֮գ֮УѾЩɫӰӳ׵ȥ
ԷƲǿ󣬵еϢͲ൱ֻǶݵʱѣҶѾɵ˴ԼǧҵĻɫӰӣԲʮķΧѾҶɵĲˡ

ҶָһķģڹͨԼŰ˲ͼŰ˲ͼ԰ԼȡӵĿػԼҲϵ׳Ű˲ͼ磬νһٶõĺ¡
𡭡
ʥӤٴεŭһʱ·ǻһ쭷һ㣬γһеģһеĻӰ޲޷ѣѸٵɺ
еӴ˼£һֵĿʼԼãһǱ뵽Ҷ֮С
ħѸ֮ҶѾоˣԼԱøӵľ˺ܶ࣬ʩչҲʼ˲٣һɹɾԼ֮ߣҶ춼ǲҪȥЩȻͻƵ̫žΪ
ڻĲʱ
Ҷ첻ϵɣĶܿ죬ֻת˲һط˰֮⡣
֮ʼǿ֧ҶԴ棬ѾһӰ
ЩӰ˿˿ҫ⻪·һһ㡣
ģҶʥӤУ˫ֽӡ·һһ㣬֮޲ǽЩɫӰӵԼϡ
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ʥӤ巢žԭҶûлӴŨ֮䣬ڣЩԨʼϵںϺʹ֮ҶѾоˣԼڷɿţԵĻҶаڶݵɳΪһ̫žǿߣĹ̶ʡˡ
ȡŻɫӰӵҶʥӤϵĽһֵ۵ҶڣǱҪˡ
ѹħаٶȣȻĿ˵׷ġ
ҶʱѾʼӵĿʼ׳
ڣͬһµһ㣬ϵĻе
һˮɫʼˮ֮
Ĺ⻪˸ȸڿ裬֮Уȸ޻ӶһɫѪ֮ϣǴ޾Ļ֮
ϵ໥Ϻʹ߶Ҷݻʼ׳˼£ҷž
䡭
һ޴ı֣ʱҶͬǱһ㣬޾ƺƵĻâʼߡ
壿
ҶĬһѣǺܿȴƿšתתʽʼڷɢٴεľۼ
һ̫ӡչڵ޷ͷ·ǻɵһ㣬̫ӡǵĳ֣ȴһµ̬顣
ٵصݻһдŹ⻪
չֳһ
ˮɫˮ֮ѪĻ֮
Щղż˰ٱ
ľڣҲҶʩչĺġ
ǽ֮·ܵشһ㣬˿ûԭеǿͷ˫ҶΪ֮Լûȫڽ֮İ׻࣬ԼҲûдǵ֮󣬾ͻҲѾԶˡ
Ҫ
Ҷ૵ĵ
Ȼڿʼʱɵܶ࣬ҶȴĸоԼҪ࣬ܶࡣ
֮ԼҪΪһȡ
һʥӤĹȣҶõˡ֮е뷨Ƕһ˿ϢͿʥӤֹѵĺۼԼԼʥӤȣԷѹ⡣
Ŀʼ
һԨϢޱŨĿռ䣬Ҷ˫Ŀ˸ſµĹ⻪ؿ˵


1696 ݻȣԪۣ֮һ
ɫħһ㣬ͬһħƣϿտʼժȡֲħͷųħѾﵽһʵʡ
ֲϢһڰ֣ԿΪ֮ĺޱȣǰǿҲ޷һ
һƬԼϰ
һԨӰС
ЩӰղҶЩɫӰҪŨʮ
ҲӵĿֲÿһӰӵ嶼ҪΪʵˣǳھԪ㹻ﵽ̫ž۷徳硣
⻹ֹҶǿᵽһǿҵĲⲨ֮Уһֿ˺Ϣ
Ǵﵽ˰벽ĳ̶ȣǱӵǰǿᣬӵĿ¡
Ҷ˫Ŀ𣬷ɺﵽ׵ĵز·ʵѪɫħһ㣬գ˺ѳ˿˿ĺɫħ
ҶڵѾ͵˼£ڵֻҪһһȥԼ꣬ԼϵԼ˰׻࣬ĻٶҲûа취ȥܵģǿˣҶȻаԼͻƵ̫žΪ
ԨֻΧΧҲǰ˼ĳ̶ȣǾĴȴſԺһϸµԨˣ̫أ
Ҷüͷıܿɿ
뷨е㳤ԶڵҪҪȥԼĹȡ
ʥӤȣ
ˡ
΢΢һҶѾۼ˿˿ââ˸ĴһĨʥӤ
ʥӤ忪ʼ׳Ԧ̫ʮѪʱʩչһӡҶʩչԼ
䡱
ҶĻӶֱۣʱһɢ޾ϵì֮С
ìؼĴܣ˺ǧ߳񷣬ŻӵƣǷߣžԴǧ׵ĵز
ٶ֮죬ֻգ۵ʱѣһ̣ѾһӰӵǰ

ĽӰӵɢ˳
ԷԵıҶ쵱ӦһԨҪǿܶ࣬ǲǣڸоΣ֮󣬶Ѿɷˡ

ƵȻĳ֣ʱһҡΣ·֮䣬ռһķڣػ׵硭ȵȵıơ
ΪֲԨħ·ǻɽ緢һѵĿʼӵϿʼɢͳ˳ȥ
ߡ
ҶһٵʩչԼͨ
һìըʮӰӡ
һľϲ֮УӵĶʥӤǿʾޱȵľ
ҶһնɱʮӰӣǻ˾Ե޷Ӷ޷
ʥӤʲôԷĿֱֲѾ˳˵֪ѧ£ﵽ۷ľ磬ܹεȵĴ
ҶԼѾһԤ룬Լ²ûдĻ⡶Ĵɾ磬ĳ̶ȣʥӤһնɱֵ꣬ʧȥκεﶼ޷ȥȻֻҶ²һܶѡ
ۡ
Ҷ΢ٵļȡΧѵӰ
ƺƵ֮ʼü֮ȥγһ޴С
ʥӤԦ̫ʮѪڲ֮ϣһĵһ㣬ңûһӰʥӤĶ֣ʥӤȡԽ֮࣬Ũ̶ҲԽӴҺٴεĴΪһµĲΣҪҶ
𡭡
ڷ췭ظһɫĳӹʣȻĻһħӣݺݵشʥӤһӡ
顭
濪ʼһɫҶʥӤǰ
ε̬ϴһļ̣Դһ۾߰ףͫޱȵ䣬Ѫͱͫ棬ľϢͲ
˻˻˻
֡
ҶʱȻĿˣڶԷ屳󣬾Ȼһڰββǵ壬˫ȵĴڡ
ߡ
ȻԼĳ֣ʥӤʱһķŭ
СһһƻӶȥ
һƿƲ󣬵ȴѸٵ͵һ޴ĵز
񷶼Ҫ
ҶȻ㲻Ϊµģϵȴ԰ĺܡ
ٻûܹҪ¡
˻
һ֣Էβʼǣʮβ͵ĻӶŵħ·Ƿŭħһ㣬񷡣
ԲʮķΧĲŭħжôľˡ
֮ì
ҶƿʥӤȻĳ֡
ƽӡ֮ˣ·ǸоҶŭһ㣬֮ƺƵĿʼŷȥԿؼһаһ㡣
֮ìǡľ֮һ
õǡʽ֮ҶҲٴεĻ˲ٵ֮ì֮һ
ϳΪì̬ʥϢ棬Ҷղŷȥһìֹٱ
䡱
֮ì֣ʱʧɫѵ飬µĹâһǿգﵽɵĵز
飡
޴Ļ֮ìɿĺͶԷײһ𣬷˿µıһεıԴݵΧĸҶаԵһȡ
Ȼ֪ʥӤǿ󣬵ȴõʱһԨ֪ԼĴڣǿľ͵ùˡ
ϾԨɲֻһ̬вǿĴڣԨħޡԨԨħˣһЩϵҲС
һǣҶҪ뿪ﶼ൱ѵġ
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һħʼܼ䣬βڴҶĻ֮ì˲䣬㿪ʼѣɢ俪
˻˻˻
ٴεĳ֣һΣǹȴѡܣΪǸоҶĿ¡
ʧȥβǣٶҶĶ֡
ҹɣ
ҶƿʥӤߺ϶Ϊһʱﵽһǿĳ̶ȡ
ȥ֮У·һжס
ɻ꣡
岻ʥӤȴһ޿ֲƵؼ߿ʼ֣ٵпٵĳΧ·Ҫһеһȫİռסһ㡣
ԭʧ֮ΧԨӰҲѾʼӣͼܣҶٶȴǸ졣
ֻǺʱ䣬ѾϳΪһ޴Удﵽʮ׵ĳ̶ȣްԵ̬С
Ԩһ޴֣Ŀʼȥ

ʥӤԽԽǿ󣬽֮Ȼı޾ܣȻЩԨӰԼԨޱǿ󣬵ʥӤٶȴ˿Ĳ
ԼһյʱѣѾ׵˶Է
žžž
֮͹ѵƺ⺣Ѿʼֳ˿˿ľʯ̬
ʵ廯ˡȻѾʵ廯ˣֻҪʵ廯ҾͿԴչֵĹȣ
Ҷ˷ܵĽе


1697 ݻȣԪۣ֮
ɣ֮ɻ꣡
޾֮ҶڶҪˡ
Ҷ־ޱȼǿǻõĺôٶ࣬ȴҲʧԼûˣ˷ܵıˡ
֮Ȼ嫣ȴĴڡ
֮ٴҲֻҺ̬޷ﵽʵʻЧڵõˡĺݣҶҲµʶʥӤǿһ˿˽⡣
һжҪдΪûĲ䣬ʥӤͨȴҲ޷ǿġ
Ҷ˷ܵɣϵΧ·һֻ֪һ㣬ԦʥӤĲΧķԲʮ
ԨһµĵطҶɱ¾ô࣬ȴҲûмǿĴڡ
ļҲǰ벽ĳ̶ȶѡ
ʥӤ֮£Էֱƨҷһ£㱻ʥӤȥ
֮Ѿʼаֳʵ廯̬ˣֻҪҶ콫䳹׵Ϊʵ徧ǾͿٴεѵγɹȵ磬ʱĻԼõһ׵ͷš
ʥӤǿ󣬲ԶԶϵĳϵǿҲĪ棬;ϵƿأѾ϶ǳ޷󵽵Ŀֲ
У
޾пʼγɡ
Ҷ·һֻ֪ƣһ㣬ɵصĿʼһ֮޲Ǳɵĸɸɾ
ÿµٶȡ
ȻҶʩչƿ֮ȴʥӤϣһʱѾ͵˼£ȴϵʹɿתšҪγһֿµʵһ¡
ء
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һ̣ȴʹ˵ȻֹϵʥӤ֡
ٴεĳΪҶ֮֡
㹻
Ҷ˵
ɵٶȲϵĿʼǿţҶҲѾоˣԼٶȻɵƷȴûиı䣬֮Ѿа֮࿪ʼΪʵ壬κΣʣµĴԼ֮һĳ̶ȴҺ̬ʽš
Ҷüͷ̲סĿʼ
ӻǱȽ鷳
Ҷ˵
ʥӤݹϢԼѾﵽһˡ
ٶҲᷢκεĸı䣬ֻܹȥ֮ķΧˡ
ͺ֮еĿһ㣬Ѿﵽ˼£εǿ󣬵ȴݣ޷
Ҫʱ䣬Ǵķ濪ʼ֡
Ҷ˫Ŀ˿˿â˼
кԼڵ㹻ˣƷȴǲģʥӤһӰ֮󣬲ϵƿʼָ˿µ˵ǺӰĵȼߡ
ԼҪĻֻܹȥȡҪƷϿʼ֡
Ҷ˼ȴûֹͣǰȻҶ췢֣ԼȻѾǰǧľ롣
˵صĵޱȵڣīʼϿʼ֡
һħȻܵôӴķΧħۼһȴԲǳ˿󵽵Ŀֲ;ˡ
ղɵЩطҪֲӦѾﵽ֮صļˣȥһξĻ˵һΧԨ
ҶĵطȻջСҶȴԼڵĳ̶ȶԣԼܹĵطȴҲֻΧĵطΧ㲻ϡ
ЩνԨԨ֮УҲֻһĴڡ
ٽĻǿɾΧˣ϶֮ԨȻʥӤԷ̫ĻҲȥӦģҪȴ˵ֻҪҵ֮׵ΪȣҵʥӤ֮Ȼǿĵزǻҳɳһµĳ̶ȣʥӤǿˣҵǿӴҵǻۣҵǿ󣬵ʱ򵽴̫žΪҲǲܵġ
뵽ЩҶ˫ĿҲ̲סı˿˿â
ȵâ
Ϲλ溣ԼûҵʵԼҪʵ޾ʵֻнԼʵȥܹԼʸȥʶ棬Ѱҵǵټ
ߡ
Ҷ첻ҵ飬Լɱ¾ôԨȻ˵ֻΪͼģǱҶ컹Ǵսپ
͡
Ҷٶȷɿ죬ٴεǰǧ·̡
һ壡
ʱҶɱһԭ֮ϣ뵽Ԩ֮Ҷûмֲ̫ǰԭϵֲҲʼԨ˲ٵҶȴӵİסԼĲϵٵѹƵ˼¡
һ޶ԼӦѾ뵽Χ֮ˡ
ɫĲԭȥķΧɢĺɫϵĿ裬ħݺᣬһɭĲ
ƬԭԨ֮֮ÿһɫ֮ﶼﵽʮɣ·һĴһ㣬Ҷ˿صĻᡣ
ҶСУоĲޱȵʩչ֮ۡ
ƾյģԺУѸٵĳ˷ԲΡ
һĺɫɽС
ɽһħĴڡ

ЩУһΪĹ죬ԷҪԶ˲٣ǧ·̡
ԷĴɽҲޱȾ޴ƺһްһ㣬Уһħһ㡣
ҴɽλԵģеɵУռǿĵλ
䡱
Ҷ֮󣬶ʱһɿµ겨ѸٵĻһ㣬Ҷ˹
ߡ
ҶһҺӲƴϢ
Ҷ컹ѡɢԼԼ޷͸еʱһԿĻǺ鷳ġ
ô£
ɽԨվһλֳһɫ¶˿˿Ľ䱸֮ɫ˵
ʥɽͷųһĻˡ
һԨ￪˵
ߵ޴ޱȣʮ׵ĸ߶ȣصƬסü֮У˸һķġ
пԸоˮ겨
ӦﲻСĵ̤㵽ʥɽķΧɣϾǲΪǿĴڣ˭ҲǣСĵĺãǵ֮УܿҪͻˣһͻˣǾͿԸ뵽ǾͿܵõĴˡ
ǿޱ鰡޵ԨħŮ˵ĺŮԸѵĻħŮԸ˳ļõèŮˡ
ߵ˫ĿʱʼðŮ˵ĻҲʼѸٵչˡ


1698 ݻȣԪۣ֮
κεŮ˵ݶһµģ߷ŰЦ֮ǵƺҲø
ߡ
һͻȻݳ
һֿµ壬·Ҫضһ㣬Ԩľǵǰֿµѹ˲ʧȥԭĿơ
һ˫Ŀ޷ŵĿһ
һ׶ǵǰ
ɣʥһ㣬Ͼ
Ҷ죬ʱ˶ԷķΧ֮УԭҲҪնɱߣҪ뵽ĻƺǻҪɱǡ
Ϯ
һֻ޴ԨҲûı㿪ʼſͣͼг
ǿֲѹȴ޷ڣһ˿ĿԶûС
ߡ
Ҷһ
͡
ʥӤ֣һֻСֿͨȴ˲ժȡüĵķģ޾֮ʼٵӿ֮ڲ
ҶĿԸоԼ֮ھȻȻữǧ֮һĳ̶ȡ
ǧ֮һҶԭĵطնɱԴﵽڵ̶ȵġ
Ȼﵽ˰벽ľ磬ˣ󲿷ֵĶǰ벽㣬ͼҲڴ̫ž۷徳磬µһȺڰκΣҵʥӤ
Ҷ֮У˿˿⣬ٴλӶƣһѾԨնɱ
ߵ֮ԨҲ˺ɫħɢ֮С

Ҷ˫Ŀ΢΢˸âϵžҲٵĳ֡
岻ϵɢܿģҶѾ͵ޱȾ޴ĳ̶ȣƺҲʼ仯Ϊ˶Է̬
һؼ
Դ֮еһ֡
ԼӴ壬ʱ˺ѣӴϵĳܹڸסġ
ҿֻһʱ֮裬Ļʱˣҵĳۻ֪øټء
ҶεĿЦ
Ԩħߡޡ塢֮塭ȵȵĴڣӦ֮еԨħᡣ
ϸھŶԷ䣬Ҷ쿪ʼж
Ԩħ壬Ԩ֮еĹеһ֣ӵϹŴ̩̹Ѫͳ̩̹忪ʼʧ֮ǵĺҲ漴ķ֧ΪĲٹ塣
ȻԨħ֮УҵϢ࣬ȷʵһ˲õļһĴڶȽ׽ȴһȽ鷳ԷʵѾ뵽˴֮Ϊˡ
ʥӤڲϳɳ֮Ҳ漴ԭǧٱĳ̶ȣҶȻȥûиı䣬һ˫ȴ·ܵ޾ҫĴһ㣬˸Ĺâ㹻Ĵ̴һƬǺӡ
ǻ֮Ĺâ˸ǻ۵Ĳ
õļӳ֣Ҷǻۿʼɳ˼ת൱Ѹ٣ܿĶ뵽һķ
һ壬ȻԨħѪȴҲСԷ޴࣬ȻԨǿߣȴҲСġ

ʩչ߲Ȼ磬··һֲħڿһ㣬ĿֲȻԭĳ̶ȶҪ˿á
һɽӴѰĻҪ˵նɱԨҪ߳ȥ൱ѡ
ɽʯڸѰҵģҶӵһԨļ䣬ѰҲѡ
ܿģһͬ޴ԨҶǰ
Ҷĳ֣û˿⡣
Ȼⲻһڽ塣
⵹ǸҶṩ˲СĻᡣ
ˡ
߲ʩչҶӰ·һһ㣬ȴʵ໥Ľһ޷ĸоʩչ߲ûи˴ٵ쳣

һ֣һ·һСɽʼ֮нһ㣬ض˺ѵϢĿʼһƽҶصĴ˳ȥ
װͣûеȵϢʱ䣬ʲô
һŶʮ׸߶ȵԨĺ
ԷѾֳʵ廯Ƭȫ֮ӡ
˿˿ħ˸һǿϢ
ҶǾ޴ʱԷһĴ˳ȥ
ײһϣһֲѺͱƵ
Ҷ˫Ŀ˿˿æǰһ
Է޴󣬱ڵ廹Ҫֲ˿˿һޱаĲվͷ·һɽһĿֲ
װͣ
Ҷ΢Ѹٵҵ˸װ͵ϢԭԼݻԨģȻΪװͣǰ֮ˣǸװ͵ֵܣף
ףҶˣ
Ҷ쿪ڵ˵֮Уȴ˿˿ĻӿƺǶڶԷ̬ȱʾ൱Ĳ
ڸװ͵ļУƺǱԷ۸Ρ
֪ԣ˷ʳﲻ˵ûʲôףΪֳΪоˡ
׵ﲻм˵
Ҷ˫Ŀ˿˿âûȥ˵â֮еȴ㹻˶Ϊ֮ס
ԷȻװͣǴڵȴҶϣʢ˵ĸоѾҶɱ
ʳͲˣ㾹ȻҪԵģȥѲߣ
壬Ҫʳ֮мȡʳܴ󣬶ԷԼĵܾܵȻҲҪ˵Ŀ̱ҶΪĳԤϡ
ߡ
ҶһܿȥʱΧûһͬ˳
Ȼҵң
ԷȭͷҪҶȥ
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û뵽Լ֮еǸԼޱȵĵܾܵȻҲѧ˷ȻоȣǺܿеŭȴٴεȼ
·ϣǶڳĲɱ㣡
У˵ҷԼĳĪĲ֮£ɱҲû˵ԡ
˭һ
Ҷһ˿⡣

һȭӶȥҶȭ籩˲һͻ·һ㣬ȻĳŶԷǰȥ

ҶĶ׵¶һĨͲмԼܵܵҷԼȻޱȵľȣȴԷԼĶ֡
ҶȻҲ֪һ㣬Էʵǰ벽ľ磬֮ԿҲúķѲСֶεģҶȴʥӤػԼԸĲһ㡣
͡
ʥӤӡʱһɿµѸٵĳ
ǣ
׵ɫ䣬徹Ȼһ͵ѹɫ֮УѾ׵ʧȥ˿ơ
㲻ҵܵܡ
ڵĸо˲ԾΧȫûˣҶȻĲ壬ֱӵʩչͨ˲ɱ˶Է
һ꿪ʼ̬֮ʱøǿ֡


1699 ݻȣԪۣ֮ģ
׵ʵʵĲȻҶоԼ꿪ʼ۵ĳ̶ȸӵĿֲҼȡ֮ϵشʥӤ壬һֽɰо
һﲻ򵥰ԷѪޱȵĳ棬ȷʵԨħһ࣬ѹ˵Ŀֲκңεǿ󣬵ȴҲûа취ҿ
ˣҶ׵ļٵĳһȥ
ΧľԽԽ࣬ҶȻаԵľ裬ȴû˿ı֣һĳһȥ
Ȼٵľ¶˺ɫȴû˵ʲô
Ӳ뵽˵֮ʵһꡣ
أҶǰһ޴Ľ
һȥԼ׵ĸ߶ȣߴޱȣֱһ൱ǿ
Χɽʯѻγɣ̵ĺܣŹϵͼڣȻֲڵĺܣȴһǿо
ҶȻĽ뵽һ֮УȻȻоߣȴûκεһ̬
Ԩħĺʵ̫ˣǿ˵ǸĲ˽뵽ǵ֮УΪǿǿҵģǿʼЩиˡ
뵽⽨ڲ˲䣬ҶҵԼĿꡣ
һ޴Ԩħᡣ
Է֮УҶڰȥԭĸߴ̬ԡɱ֮ءЧκε˶Է֣֮УҶǰԷҶ塣
˵޴󣬴ԼŰɵĳ̶ȣôһ壬ֱһĴɽ
֮ϳֳ˿˿ĺɫâ·ǺɫĻһ㣬һȺǿĸо
ü֮Уһ˸ͬһһ㣬ϵĿֲϢ㹻ĳƺƵѹ
ҶڶԷǰһֻһ㣬ŶԷĺ֮䣬ԸоΧֲֿѹ޷ֿ
ҿʥӤҶ첢ûֶΣʥӤĵֿ֮£ԷȻˣȻֲȴҲ޷ġ
޴󣬼¡𣬽֯һ·߰ĿֲγһЩ·ͷ·һϪһ㣬ʵΪ֮
꣬ǿƥˡ֮壬ǿֱ̬ҵΪ֮
ҶоϲޱȵĽе
Ũ꣬ǿջһɫǵǰһĳŮһ㣬ǿҵĳʥӤʼԾԾԵҪˡ
Էγһ̬ʵ֮Ũĳ̶ȽҪﵽһʵʻĳ̶ˣЩؼ俪ʼȡħתΪҲֻԨ֮еֶˡ
ҶоĳԷڴԼ壬ǴƾԼϵһӴʵ廯ͿԳԼֲꡣ
ķʽҶȻһյĽȴһµģȫ߶꣬ȻϲһĿ϶һµġ
ӵһһڰ֮Уһ˭Ҳ޷СĴˡ
Ҷ찵Ե˼š
ȴŶ֡
һ֮ǿ߰ΪԼʥӤ·ַӵľͻᱻԷѹˡ
ȻڵҶޱȵļĵȴޱ侲ġ
һˣˣ׵ļ䣬ԷͷˣؼߣȡصĴ컯ϵĴԼ
һҶҲѾоˣԷڣڼٵļţ֮ϵϣüĵһ·һʥķ֮С
ӦǵͼڣһʥڻشͷųԼܣԽǿ󣬷ԲΧԷС
֮ѾԵֵҶ֮֮һ̶ˡ
Ҷ켳ȡԨ꣬ԷһԵֵô࣬ɴ˿ɼĶԷǺεȵĿֲ;ˡ

ʥȻķһصĲ·ԼĴڣַ·Ǵ޾ϲ
þõȴ֮еҶȻĻһ
ڣ
ʥӤ׳˲۳һì
һìɢӵֳϽɫĹâǸ߹Ĺ⻪棬ķģ·Ϊʥıһ㣬ʱܾһصľˣɢƿ
֮ì

֮ìҵĴ뵽˶Էü֮С
Է޴󣬵һì׵ĳ̶ȣ̴Է嶼⣬ӲҪ˵üˣҴʱһĹؼʱ̣Ҷʩչ˲һǿʥӤڿʼӳ˹ȥ
֮Ѹٵı·һƵһ㣬ӿΧһжʼñ
޾겨ſµ˺ܿʼȥһ޴Ľʼ׵Ĳֳ֮Ľɫ߹ҳӴԼ·һʥһ㣬ϵĳܿʼٵɢԼΪҫ۵Ϣ͹â
Ҷһ֣ʱ飬֮ìɿٴʩչ
ƣ
һĻ֮ìϵĴڶԷ֮С
ʥӤԡ˶Է֮ڲɿļȡ̰š
𡭡𡭡𡭡
ʹ֮£һϵԨ˷ʹధ޴Ļ֮ìֱӶüģԴͷβıȥüĵһʥģǱ̴˲֧顣
ΪĵطʥӤɵĻ֮ìӵĿֲ޾ѹɱԷʹ࣬󵽡
ŭ·һ˵ͻһ㣬ֲɢ
𵴳ȥΧĽ֧飬ҿһޱȵľ޴󣬷ĻĽ㹻Χһб¶ġ
䡱
һ˫Ŀǵɫ˫ĿȻҶĴڡ
ϴɫоԼüķѾʼ𽥵ɢеɱ޷ԼһȫΪȥһļһɵģɱֱʵһı˳
Ҷ屻ɱһѹȻʼ޷
һ֮ǿߣֻϵȴҲԲҶȥսʤġ

һХݳ
ҶƺǸоҶԵѹٵ¶һεĻ󣬳ŶԷһŭǿеĵֿס˶Էѹ
飡
Ҷû뵽ؼʱȻ֣һ㶣Ǻܿȴ¶˿ϲɫƿʥӤٵʩչͨѹȥĽԷ֮ʼ
һ޴пʼγɣڵ֮ž졣
ᣡ
߳ᣡ
˳ᣡ
ҶԽļ
һнԷ֮ϵĵ뵽Լ֮֮Уʵĸı䡣
ųɾţڣ
ҶмޱȵĺüһĴʹŭһϵĹȿʼչֳüٶ֮۸Ƿҫ۵Ĺâ
ᣬɢԪԪۣ֮


1700 

ϼǧգչᣬꡭ
ϵҫ⻪ʼҶϼķƶ˻ϣʮŵ޲ʼ
֮ʱȫΪʵʣҶŭ֮УɿݻΪһ޴ҵĹȡ
ףڼӳ֣ʥڸ̣Ůڿգһɢ޾Ϻʥ֮Ĺȡ
һʥĹǿ֮УԼĿԿӰԿһʥĹ⻪ʥ鿪ʼ̣ؼ׷׵ʩչԼͨڲϵļȡΧꡣ
𡭡
һŭ֮ȴִ˿˿ľ֣ƺڼɵڼɵʲô
һ޴Ԩˡ
ȻĻ֮ìȴһʱ̵ʱУûкص䣬ͼǿеתԼͨͼԼ֮׵ջ
Ļ쵰㾹Ȼҵʥ
һԴԵĲ̫ʹȻоǰҶޱȿֲǿҶ̬εĶܹ뵽ԼȻᱻԷѹǿҶʱһһĶȻԼĹȡ
ҲڰԵ⣬һᣬһԷƵĻᡣ
ɣ֣
ֻӶޱ֮Ȼʼɶӣ·ҪҶƿؿʼѳ
һֻ֮ٵĻۣǵصĻޱߵҶѹһΣ˵һУ˾Իܵشǿ߶ȥ׵ǡ
Ҷ˭šبźʥӤᾧϵ֮ڴΪȣȻĲẦһ㡣
ҶҲû뵽ԼһΣֳĶ˿ֲ
ϵ£·еʼע⵽һ㣬ǿֲĶѹЧﲻɵһѪ
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ʷʫĸմݳһķģ·Ϊµʷʫһ㣬޸迪ʼʡ
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ŵӰӣȻֻһֻǵȵҶʵ뵽һľ֮ȻĿԽͶΰһĹȡ
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ȡ
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䡱
ݺݵسһԨȥ
Ϊȣ
Ҷʼ쳹һȵʱޱߵĹ⻪ͬһ̫ɽһ㣬͵ĽԷΪ֮ұʥӤѸٵȥ
ʱʥӤ羧ʯͿ£ףһɰԵƥƿʼӶԷֳ
͡
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ҶžԵ֮ʱİѾһѭ̬ʱĿԵ޾֮ĴԼļԪۣ֮ʩչӵĿ¡
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Ҷ˫Ŀ˿˿âɺ˸һɰ漴
һһ㣬¶һĨѪâô𣿵ȴǺܾˡ
ΧԨҶû˿⣬¶˿˿Ѫ̬İѾչֳΪʵʣֻҪİȲʥӤͿڲ֮أѣνϵĲӵĿֲ
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ҶûһȺԨ˼Ӳ˿ʱ䣬ѡȳ֡
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ǿԨҲǿԱ֤ԼһĳƤҿһ˿һѡ
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׳һ£žγһâ˸֮Уǰȷ·ǲ֪ƣһļȡΧ֮ԼĹȴΪΪµĳ̶ϡ
ɱ¾޾ɱ¾ҶûиԷ˿ĻᣬѡֱޱȶֶΣƿԼļԪۣ֮ɱ¾ǧķΧԲǧ֮УԨ޲ȥγĲƷ
ۣ
ҶһоԼİȿʼܵ˼£ʱĴһޱӵңγɱ¾֮
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ƴ̣ٵļȡΧʼԼ֮УγԼ֡
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ɱ¾֮γޱȻնɱԨֻ̲ƷҶɱȴԭٴﵽٱĵز
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Ҷ켳ȡ֮ԽĿֲʱ̣ȴ΢΢һһɿֲԼʼԶ
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յ崣ѸٵγһɲѺۡ
ѺۿʼɢںʱѣѾҶĲԶ


1701 ̽
žžž
ռѣڣ·ȺԦǺӣ棬ֳ߳һ㡣
ҶţħǱޱȵĳһռٵĴ룬һ⻪˸ʱγһƬѵ
ߡ
оޱɽĿʼڣҶͷҲصĺȵ
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ţħûһħţ󣬳֡
飡
һҵײţħ嵹ǧףȴû̫ܵ˺Ȼһν뵽Ԩ֮󣬲ֻҶһ˺ôţħһõĺôࡣ
ڶԷǿţħٵı뵽Ҷı漴Ĵ뵽
顱
ۡ
һѪ
Ҷɫ΢΢һ鴤üһɾҵʹ
ˡ
ͷųһɺ嫵ٵĽֲɨ
ΧĻҶ֪Լԭ֮С
û뵽νԨ֮أȻ˵ĿֲԨֻǵһɶѣȴǴκεһԪκεһȺ֮У֪жôĿֲ
Īü΢΢ƳҶһۡ
ƺǸоԼϣҶ΢΢һʱһԱо֮дݳ˿˿⣬Ҷϲɵ¶һĨεЦݡ
ĪѸٵƿԼߣȴޱȵľȣҶֻǺʱ̣ȴһ췭ظı仯
ϵϢһֺ纣Ϣ㹻һ˳׵ĳ
ֻһգ۶ѣҶȴѾ˴ı仯ĪЩȵĺܡ
Ȼ뵽ϾȻӵ׵֮ŻӲ뵽ӵһŻǿߣȻðõ֮źԨ֮Լ̫֮໥ںϡ
ҶıһΣΣĪ̬ȣҲ޿κΣ֮ĹϵޱȵĹ죬ȻҶ֪ĪҪɱԼȴûѡʱ֣ҶԷʵԼ
һΣƺռ
뵽ĪצĲԼϣ̬ͽĿҶͷһĻȣȴûбֳĪ鿴ĻԶԷĸ߰ԸҶҿ϶ԷԵĻҽԼ˵ġ
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΢ľٴε˺ֻܶ࣬ҪǴﵽ̫žΪƾ΢ľϵǿֲ֮ӶԺͶԷһǴǿҲǾԵ޵ˡ
ҶаԵĿģһȭӶ֮Ȼ˺һգ¶еơ
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ĪһһȻҲҶ뵽ѷ֮С
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Ҷ첻ϵĻȭΧٵѳΪϵķĩٴεĴԼ֮С
һĥḶ́ҶһѾ׵ıԼǿ˰ٱֹĵزĴѾ㹻лƿغͼԦԼˡ
Īԭһ㣬˼£ǺܿҶĳ֣Ҳ̲סĿʼݡ
Ҷȭͷ·ԿĳԷʩչûһ˿ȭĺۼͻߡ
ÿһȭʩչǡô
쵰ֻǺ֮ѣȴһʵĸı䣬ҵȫʢʱڣ޷һɵĳ̶ȣһգ۵ʱзʲô飿
Ԩ֮кռ֮еʱȫһҶԨ֮дһʱ䣬ռ֮ȴҲգ֮жѣĪǻ۳ȺȴҲ޿뵽еĹؼġ
ˡ
Ҷ΢΢һٵĳһȥ
Ǹλ֮УһŻ˻֮סһޱӣԼĿԿһ˿ĲȻ￴ѰͨΧĿռû˿ҶȴǿԸоĳﲻ򵥣ƾżԪ֮۵ȫĿԿ
һһԪǶԷصҶҲƾżԪ֮۽֮ǰϢھġ
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ݣҪʯȻҪķѶٵģҪϵ£Ӷƨƨߵժȡ
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öľʯǷˣһķˣôľʯȫĿԻصԼԭ֮УƷҰĽŮɡһҹ顭¸¸£ڴڵǸ簡
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Ҷûһﴫڿһ޴ľʯɽеļ˷޷
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ĪʱһٵĸС
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ҶﲻϵţϵıҲȻʼ˷쳣
أȻǱذ涴Ȼôľʯв˿˿ԣѾʼͨ˰


1702 ׻
Ѱ
ϵѰ
ҶĪʱ֮ǰ·̡
Ԫ֮۵ĿҶԽļ
صжôĿֲҶļԪ֮۵ǰȴȫޣԼѰҵԷ̽ԼҪ
ҩʯϵ֡
Щ䱦Ҷ춼ҵ˲١
ĪշһöԶʱڵ޽⡣
һɲĽ⡣
۵ĽⲨҶ񶼲㱻飬뵽У׵ʱ򣬱Ѿ˺ѺͶˡ
ҶԿ϶һͨĽ⣬Ѿ˿˿ԣӦһǿߵ֮ֻǲ֪Ϊʲôڵ
ǸҶΪ֮۵ǣһ˫ȴҲֻǶԵģĪ鱾ˣȻӵһ⡣
תȻԼŮ۽ں˶Էһ⡣
ŶԷϱ˿˿⣬Ҷʱ̲ס¶һĨεĿЦ
ʵ۸˰ĪʵԽǿǿ㿪ʼԽıֱṩĪᣬնɱԼ
ȻҶҲõ˲ٵı˵һεջǸо൱ġ
ֻҪҿ̿ȻĿ۷ľ磬ʵǵҪǿʵֻҪҵʵ㹻ǿȫĿӵһе谭ġ
ҶаԵ˼
Ҫ׵ںһ⣬Ȼնɱ㡣
Ī˵
ƺ֪ҶǲɱԼĪǰԵĿһռ俪ʼ
Ҳ
ҶޱƵı˴ֿڣȴ޿κΣĪǶĲҶȴ²ȥ֡
ԷԼ֮ϾܵĽӴӴѾﵽˡֵ뵽ԼռĪ壬Ҷбޱȵƣʱնɱ˶ԷҶ»²ȥ֣֪ԷԼҶ컹²ȥ֡
ֻҪ뿪ҾͶöԷԶԶģʱҪҲҲ
Ҷ˵˼
ѰѾѰ˺ܳʱˣı֮غܶ࣬ҶȻ֪ȴҲû˼Ѱˣ뿪ʱѾԽԽˣҶƾԼ֮ӴĿԼĵз࣬׻ࡣ
һ˰׻࣬ҾͿԽ뵽̫žΪˣʱ򣬾ʵεǿǽ뵽˴̫žڰΪҲġ
ȻҶĵȼǿ󣬵ϵĿֲͳ޷ԿʵҶ컹ŵġ
Ī飬һɫۣһۿĺܣռ֮Уһλǿߵ֮һȾҾôʱˣûʧȥԣ㹻ĳԷĿֲ֮˵Īռһۡ
ʱɫۣǿ۳еĸһԱͦε۵ϰ벿֣֮УɫۻޱȵĹ֮£Բ̡ΣҲճе֮
Ȼֻ¶һѣǱŮʮϢ֮£ԷȻȴޱȵŨ
һɫﰡ
Ҷε̾Ϣһ˵
ŮˣҶֻܹε̾Ϣţħڰн䱸
Ѿٵĳڡ
ӵӴ֮Ƿ㣬Ҫ붨Ҳһʱ䣬ҶȴںıѾ뵽붨֮С
ɢҫĹԣʷʫʫ裬˸УֵĲеǿͿ
ʥӤԦŰȣ棬˿˿ʥâ̫ʮѪҲڲϵߣ˸·ؼһ㣬䲻ɺӡ
ģ⣬Ĵ֮
Ҷ˵
֮ķǰ׻࣬޵ɱ֮Ϳֲ֮
Ҷһε̲סĿʼһ𶯡
ǿٴαоˡ
һֲֿ֮ԭĽ֮֮УȱٺܴȱݣһΣҶҶǻ֮ƽһ㣬ǡ
ֻƬ̣ȻѾ˼Ѿ

һ׻ҶģԺ֮пʼ裬ͷųԼϡ
䡱
һٴεɡ
ɫߴƥͬһĽɫ񽣣һеնɱ޾ϡ
ô졭
ҶЩĿɿڴĿڵһС
Ժ֮Уе·һ˴һ㣬һе޲ʼӭж⡣
͡
˫ֿʼӡҶԼڲǿѸٵʩչԼͨͨΧĽ֮
Ҷ֮涴澭֮ȫǿ֮Ũ
ҶһĽ֮ʱ·ǻõľһ㣬Ҳûԭɬ׾ٵ˹

׻һ޴İ׻Ҷ֮⡣
ֲ̬ɺɫĻĿĻצӴ̬һеһУ޲ǳУһڸǵ𺳺ѹ
࣬תһ
Ҷ˫ּٵתԼӡǣٻ׻ԾǬ޾̫¶
ɫתҶڣѹһء
䷨̤࣬ˮ֮֮ϣ裬ŭһһ˵Բһ
ȸ࣬չȵĺɫ棬·Ҫȼһ㣬ڻ񷡣
࣬໥Ҳ໥תһеһУƺһ̱ޱǢתһǷ
䡱
ҶһļһĴ顣
Ŵ̫žΪƣǴʱ֮Уһʷǰȴʼ˳


1703 ټʥʦ
𣬻޾ܣ
֮ϵֿµϢŭ·޾ѹɱʼ
Ҷɫ΢΢һ䣬ƾӴ֮ʥӤͨأ˲оˣ֮ϣݳַǱѰϢ
䡢ɱޣ㹻ԼĪ𺳡
ղţǴٵϢ뵽̫žıؾ֮·
˫Ŀ˿˿â·һĽâһ㣬һɺ֮²ϣ΢΢ĸԼ°ͣҶѾһ˿üĿ
ת·ǲӦôϵľѧÿһҶͻƣ޲ǻᾭһ޷Ԥĺѡ
ϣˡ
Ҷȴ£ûڴ֮䣬ͨٵԼһ޷󵽵Ŀֲ֮С
ɣ٣ѵõ㣬ȻĲܹ˷ˡ
Ҷϣһ˿˿ĺķ·ͷŵΧĿռ֮У˲ռ䶼ʼ֡
Ī΢΢Ķݡ
׻࡭һﾹȻ۳˰׻࣬˺εȾѧΪʲôⷨ໥ںһԭȻǧٱĳ̶ȡ
Ī鲻ûм࣬ʶķ֮ӵĿֲѾ˷ԭ˵һ˿ͨйϵǿߣķ࣬ͨ޵һ˿ͨͨأޱߵĺƽ١
ѵ˵һ˵Ŀֲ𣿡
Ī˸ţǺܿȴ뵽˸ղ֮ͷųһ˿µĲΪһĳ֣Ī֮лָ˹ԷϢˡ
µĲ
Ī˸ţޱ飬漴ٴαպԼĳһ˿˿Ľ⡣
⽣Ϣ֮Уͷųһ޷ȥĮӵĲ
Ů۵ϢһĽϢ
ŮˡȻԽںһȻֻһѣֻҪŬܿľͿȫںϵʱ򣬿һµĵˡ
ҶаеĿʼ˼
ܿҶ㽫ŵһߡ
ڵԼʵûн뵽̫žĳ̶ȣҶҲ֮ԲȥͻƣҲԼĴ㣬Ѿ˰׻࣬࣬׻ࡢ䷨ࡢȸ࣬໥γŴ̬໥Ľں֮УҶԼԱ֮
ļȡΧҶ첻ȥ˷һ˿һʱ䡣
ӵ˼Ԫ֮֮Ҷ죬ٴεĴȣĴڣѾҶԹͨһ˿صİ壬ڸоһѹ
ƺǲ֮󣬽
ԼĸоҶǿ϶
ǿߣͨ쳹أܣǿݻأͨİ˶Լһ˿оҶ㹻ȥš
£񽣳ʣݺᣬعһ
ĪĬĬһ⡣
ҶҲ󣬷·һ֪ƣħһ㣬֮У޲ǽؼһʼȥ
Ҳ߷ʱ̣ͻأ֮䣬һɹ·һһ㣬һ̰֮ĳ
Ҷ΢΢һ
Χһȫƿ֮УʥӤȣһ㹻ı֤ԸоΧϢ
ĪҲٵԼȻû˿ı飬һ֮ȴ˿˿Ĳ쳣
ȻҲѾоˣһϢ򵥡
һ⣬ֻںֶѣȴѾԭĽǿʮֹĽʱ㹻Ĵﵽһ˵ĳ̶ϡ
ŨϢϢ޾Ľ⣬޵ĵۺǲ֪Ҷٴεļˡ
һЦʱ𵴣һŤٵչֳ
һűס¹һһ㡣
ıһʼɢѸٵγһƬѹ̬
·֮УӰҲ漴ҶĪǰ
ɫαЦݣޱȵ壬ԼǼթ˫Ŀʥʦ˭
ҶĪ΢΢һоԷЯϢǶʱһĨ档
ʥʦԭϢӵᣬϳֳһ˿Ϣ
֮Ϊµ֮һھϵʷ֮УԭֻһŻ֮ѣΨһ֮໥ϵһ
Ĳ֪ȥ˶ٵ֮֮Ȼıγء
֮ĸľˮǳ֮ڰ͹֮׵֮ڵ̬
籾°صط֮ȴĴڣֻſлԷȫΪֲ֮һ
ǳƿأûа취ȥ֮ӵĲҪ˵ǽڻ֮ЧԼˡ
ʥʦ
ĪĿ˵
ݸ߹߰ĺܣһֻȸһĸ߰ʥʦºԻ֮ȴڴˡ
ԵʣĪҲϲʧҶ죬һеһУҶźܴΣǹ׵ĶǾʥʦڱ
޵ĵۺˣڽ𣿡
ʥʦԽĹЦ
һ˫ȴɴźǰһ޶а֮
ĪĽʱ¶˴֮ɫ
ŮڻΪŮ֮һԴķ֣Īԭ֮ȴʧҶ죬ǽҶĸ֮֮Ů˷Ҳʼ˳һʱıޱӵĸһֳ嶯
ɢһִʯһϢ졢ˡ

ʥʦ۾εȵĶ˲ıоеĲԾһ۱㿴ĪڵŮˣ֪ж٣ʥʦȻԸоʱĪ鲻
ɵĿһҶ죬ڵһ˿˾ʥʦϣ
ԭ㻹֮ĳӾȻûгֶ㣬ȴû뵽ӵСӰͷģСӣ
͡
ĪĽˡ
һ֮УŮ۽Ӵһַ˫Ĳ·նһ㣬ͷųޱҰ׷ŵĳһ׵նˡ
Ī顭㾹ȻҶҳ֣㾹ȻΪʥʦԭǸĴСħߣ
ۻ裬ٵľۼ
˻˻˻
֮趯ٵһļӳ
˲һǧ׵Ĵ֮߳УӭĪĽѸٵſԼ͡

βڶȻһ
꣡
ŶԷſĪĽȻȥ


1704 Сħߣ
ʲô
Īü΢΢Ķݡ
䡱
һߣζ壬ƺһӻ
ͣǽ˺һ룬ӿβ·һ̫ħɽһѸٵĳĪѹȥ

Ī齿߳һ趯
¡¡
ʮ
ƺƵĽ⣬ʱŮۻļԦ£ŶԷٴεиȥ
顱
໥֮£˲佻ٴΡ
ٴηֿ
ĪȴѾ¶һĨء
ֻҶҲںĺܡ
ʥʦԭʵֻڴ̫žѣԭ㲻ĪĶ֣Ϊİ㣬ǽһʥʦҲҷġ
ڣƺһжʼ˸ı䡣
ʥʦʱȻԺĪ鶷൱ҶвѾں
СħߣǱʥʦǧģһССĵۺҲҪ飿Ҫ˵ˣӣҲû¡
ʥʦޱȸ߰ĿҶĪ飬ƺڿһһ㡣
Сħֵĳ֣ʱҶĪһ
֮ƿ֮ˣ֮ϵĴڣȻҲͼȥѰңȥɵԷ
СħߣԭֻһֵȼӵȻŶԷѪͳȴһֱϰˡ
Էھǧ֮Ѱҵһֻ֮ΪڵĻħߣħ̫ĵ΢ˣ޷ںһ֮ȻһһҲûȫ˳֮ΪСħߣΪԷʩչĻ֮ҲֻǴһСֵ
Сħߣ֮ѾʧˣʷϣΪһ㾹ȻԽնɱܵģܹСħߣҲ޷նɱԷġ
Īǿ϶˵
ʥʦɫһĪ˵Ȼǿף֮ȴǴһڸǵ
һŮˣþʥʦУȻŭͷ
Ī飬㾹ȻʶСħߣǾӦ֪֮սʤģڱʥʦһᣬҲΨһһλˣԹԵĸʥʦȴʥʦնɱСӣȻ裬˵ֵĺõĻʥʦǲ⽫̳Ϊʥʦ谮Ůū֪ôĻʥʦһὫƳΪΪͼߣǱʥʦŪߣ
ʥʦ֮дһֿµͺ⡣
ߡô϶ԼԳԶ𣿡
Īһ˿⻺Ц
ߡС̫žûдﵽڵңӲȥǵģ㻹ʲôֶܹʩչԹԵĹڵϣȴʥʦĶ裡
֮УȻһ˿˵ķʩӴԵݣĪȻӿɱ⡣
˵Ҳ̫С˰ɣҾôûã
һ˾ʥʦı
ʲô
ʥʦһٴεĳһȥԭҶڵĵطѾǿһˡ
͡
ƷȭĦΧĿֲٵĳžʥʦʼȥ
оһȭ·һ㣬㹻ĽΧĿռ䶼׵Ĵʵþʥʦо˿ֲ
ҡ
ɫ仯֮УʥʦŭһҪʩչµؼ
죬Ҷٶȴ죬ȭͷصĻ壬Ļᶼ¡

һµײҶȭͷ̲һɺ嫵ĲƾżԪ֮۵Ĺ۲죬ѸٵĲ͸˶ԷֶΡ
΢
ʱ΢磬ҶѾﵽ˺ܸߵĳ̶ϣӴ֮ƿ֮УҶһ۱㿴˶Է㡣
ۡ
Ѫɣʥʦ壬·һ㣬ޱǱ̬Ѹٵĳһ˳ȥ
Ҷһȭ̲Űӡȭ;ȭϢӴ֮֮СħߵҲ˵
һֿµһ˶ԷʥʦεĵܣȴҲһĻ֮ҶһֱԼΪǿȭޱǿҶһѾ
øӵĿֲǿ
˰׻֮໥ںϣ㹻Ѳ񷣬𺳴ء
ۡ
ѪϵĴɵǧ֮ĵط֮󣬾ʥʦǿƿԼ壬ͣǴʱϵޱȣѪ˫Ŀ֮У֮Уǿ֮УʼѪ
ҶһȭȻĳһ֮ػҶһȭ㹻ĽɱΪ
ɵȭȻԷסˡ
ҶаԵľȡ
ղȻʩչԼΪǿľУҶȴҲ䵱һ֮ʯֱӽԷնɱ
ҶеĲȴǾʥʦ֪ģ֪ղҶûжȫ˵ü̵ľȥתˡ
ǼˣȴҲ㹻þʥʦԼĪޱˡ
һȭ죬Ԧϣ߳һ㣬ҵƣ𺳡
ۡ
ʥʦѪϵиӴ˿˿⣬ȻѾٿʼˡ
ÿµһȭСӣĳһλõĺôҲ٣Ļ쵰㾹Ȼﵽزʥʦӣ㵱Ϊʥʦֶ𣿡
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ϣ
һâ
ʱĽ⿪ʼͷš
Ī龹Ȼʱ˶Էһ࣬ѡ˿ٳ֡
ˡĪ飬Ůˣң
оԼߴĿֲ⣬ʱþʥʦŵûɢղŵŭҲɫѣоԼıһʥʦǽһڰȻԵɺ֮£õСħߣʵϣһСħõ֮ǰѾˣҲֻһеĻ֮ʣµҲˡ
ʱ̫̣ܹҲ࣬ˣʥʦʵҲͻͽģĽ뵽˴̫žΪһʵĸı䡣
֮УоĪҶϢ˳ķԭΪƾŻ֮ЧԼԸ߻˯ֵ飬ȴû뵽һõĺôԼӵĿ¡
ġħ߿裬Сħ֮󣡡
ͷʥʦҲٲ׾ŷһƲۣȴ·ͳһ㣬ĳ֣ռ֮оȻһɿµĲ
ѵڲϵıš
ĿֲϢ㹻ѹķ
֮
ҶһħЧնɱһʱ򣬶Էʩչǻħû뵽ħʥʦһ֮ྐྵȻô
һնɱ
һҶѾȥԥ

Ҷ̤߲ϴޱ⣬ü֮ͷųԪ֮۵Ĺ⻪⻪̫ͬâһ㣬ȶޱȣһۿȥΪ֮ޱȡ
䡱
һһӰֳ
͡
Ů۽⣡
໥ĵӣʱն鵽˾ʥʦ֮ϡ

һĲҽݳʥʦ˲䱻Ϊʮ顭


1705 Һ㣬עĳУ
𣡿ռ֮
Ҷ˿ԷϢĻᣬٴεʩչԼͨϴűĹâ˸
䡱
Ѫ裬ʱޱߵѪ·ǻɽ緢ҽһܿʼ˳ȥ
֮ںϡ
һݳ˲Ŀʼһգ޾Ѫ⿪ʼУѸٵеٵ
ʱģΧʼɵһɶ

ʥʦɫޱȲҰףʱֵ˸ţ·һ㳾һ㣬
ΪǿеʩչԼʱľʥʦҪˡ
ҶĿռ֮֮ںһ𣬴ȥȭǿ˷ָĪںһ֮󣬽ķأɨһеаƥӲߵĴ֮ش˾ʥʦҪĸ
Ҷ˫Ŀ˸˿˿âɺ£ǧףķ
ʥʦ֮ǿ㹻оҶ⣬ӵ֮ԼҲ̶ˡ
֮Ȼ˵Ŀ£
ĪüһŵĹ⻪Ǳɱ⡣
㡭һԹŮҪϾɱɣ
ʥʦ¶˽䱸ɫ߻ؿ˵
ʱǱ˼£Ͼ޾ĵӣ޷ڸǵĵӣǸղŵֽ
ҶǿĪ񽣷âѾĿʼó׵ӣǲ˼ܵ뷨
ǴʱҶĪεĻ뿪
ʥʦΪ˼թȻ֪һ㣬̲ס¶˰ɫȻ͵ĹۺˣˡС˰ɡĪһȻû뵽ʥʦȻ˵޳ܣʱ򣬾Ȼѡġ
ˡ㣿ЦֹĿȻһ޳ܱʾޱȵ
ۺˣСһʱĹϣֻҪǵۺ˷ŹСˣС˾ԵĻΪۺ˵һһĵĹҵۺ˺Сӵ飬СҲԲȥ˵ġ
ʥʦ˵⻰ãһ˵ʱĪ뵽Լܵ衣
Լ壬ϾӶȥһû뵽ħѸȻҶ֮һԵ
֮£εĲŭ


ĪĻն˿ûиʥʦᣬֻӶһâʼתŮۻ󱬷ǰδеĵ֮ļӳ֣Ľ⣬׷ŵĳ𣬳졣
ϡһĦͻȻ
ıһеӰʼ߳
ۺǵۺˡҵۺˡ
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Ҷɫһͣ˫Ŀ֮Ѿ˿˿
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Ǿʥʦһ˿Ρ
˰˰㰡ۺΣաСҶ
ʥʦݵĺԶ
ҶɱڵۺߡۺΣգȳ֣
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֣ݺᡣ
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СİСӵõ֮ʵѾʥʦѾСӵİ㡭
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Ѿľһʮļ˰ţħŰ˲ͼ֮к
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ϡ
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ޱĹ⻪һγ
Ҷ˫Ŀ˿˿â岻ܣ̤߲䡣
Ԫ֮֮ۡì
üһ֮ʼȥ
ʲôĪԭڽ䱸ǵоҶϳֵĿֲ֮ȴ΢΢һ
͡
ì̴أȴϢ
Ǳ֮ӿµؼ
ʥӤԦ̫ʮѪϽӡϵӡǴȣʼһζεìѾͻƵ˶Էǰ
ˡ
ֻһ𶯶ѣʮȻ䵽˵¡
̼ģǵһĽӲ
ؼ
һ˵ȻıһǿʥޱȣȻҶѹ֮ͻƳ
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ܡ
ʥʦû뵽ԷȻĿֱֲӵѡ˿ܡ

ҶӶֱۣʮӰ
ӡӡʩչǽеһ˷ȵ
Էʵڴ̫žľ硣
ϿѹҶ죬ʵǰȴҶĶ֡

žʥʦȻʼˣҶɫһ
˫Ŀ֮У˸ſµâ
ۺˣܰ
Ī飬˴ĺȵ
ߡ
һҶƻһĥ̰ĴСٵڶԷϾһȭ
ռ֮ѹƣ򣡡
˫صʼʩչԼס˶ԷӵĽ˵ٳ׵ѹ

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ʱһƵѪ⿪ʼ衣
ߣ
ۿžʥʦҪӳԼߣҶ̲סŭһ
͡
һйĽ㹻˺һɽҶȻǿ󣬵ƾյӭһҲˡ
ߡ
ɫһһЦҶȭͷŽâ˸
֮
׻࣡
ʱȭͷư磬ǸǴһɿµƻĳ̶ȲڶԷĽ

ѣȭӰ˸Ҷ˫Ŀâ֮ˡ
Ī飡
֮ˣĪ飬ʱĵۺ̲˿˿⣬Ҷ죬һĳһֺϢ
һʱ䣬տʼ
֮Ĺϵ̫ˣǱԴԲ뵽еĹϵǶôĹ͸ӡ
ôھʹ˺ˣ
ҶЦŴ֣Ī֮Уƺǿʼƽ˼֡
ϡ
񽣱Ī֮Уѩɫ棬΢΢¡𣬴ʱĪĲȻޱȿֲ
һɱ㣡
Īڻؿ˵
֮Уһֿ϶¶˾ĵӡ
ҶЦֹĿĪ飬ȻĪ֮û˿ĸԣǱϾʶһĪ˵죬ҲԼŮˣԼҲΪܵĹϵˡ
Ů˿ڱտڵҪնɱԼҶȻҲΪĲˬ
Һ֮䣬עĳУҵ壬Ҳ֣һѰҵһеĻɱ㣡
ĪĿҶ죬˵


1706 ۣ
㡭
Ҷ֮дһֵȻ
͡
ٵĻߣֻգ۵ʱѣҶѾʧ
Ҷ뿪ıӰĪĽ΢΢һ
Ů˵ԶޱȹŹֵģĪǵŮӣݸ߹ҲӲŻȥĵ֮ǵҶĻشĳ֮Īл̲סһ
Ҷ죬ϾĵһˣһռˣҲһҶ̬ȣȴû˿Ƶ̬ȻһĨ
оҲֻݼš
Ҷ뿪ӰҲ֮ٵı˹ȥ
ʥʦѾʧһͲι̣Ϊ˻Īҿ϶Էʲô˵óġ
ʥʦùܺԼ͡
һռ
ԪڡؾˣޱĲϵ˸Ĺâ
ɱڣս죬һ޴սʼ϶ѪϢֿµϢںһ𣬸һ޷ܵѹ֮
վڻƽս֮ϣϹâ˸һʥۣƮݣϼ΢¡ļ·һ׵Ĵʯһϸ壬һĹâȴֻϸ壬ȴһֳ󵽵Ŀֲ
ϴαѹѾһЩʱˣʱȴҲֻݵʱ֮Уϵֵ֮ƺǿʼøӿֲ
ңңվڻƽս֮ϣһְԵͻߵϡ
ӣߣվ˵ѹȸУ൱Ŀ£˫Ŀ˸ĹâһۣԸоԷ֮з·һ㣬󲻶ϣӡ˵С
ռĵطԪޱȵĳ棬֮ŨԪȻܹ˷ˣȻվս֮ϣϲȴ·һֻ̰Ĺһ㣬ϵЩԪ
һеսʿֳվУݣսⰻȻʱĿʼƵΧӰ
ˣҲֻӵŹǿߣ˥ҵңԼĿԳ֮ΪĴ壬ǿ߳֡
ΪֲǣһЩȻǹҲڲʳȴһЩĳš
ЩţһֱǴڴ˴вبŴеľްԼš
װʲôװϴңҵһλ˯µڣѹȥʱ򣬾ȻƤ
ҲǱӵְеĲҲڼʣΣӵΪ˲˵ĲǲʳˣռλãԼȡ˲˵ŭ
һгݳ
ߡһȺϡ
Ŀڣ˫Ŀ쵶âɿĳһ˹ȥ
飡
һ֣ʱһ屻ըƬ
ԷҽеĻᶼûУֱӱ˺ˡ
ʱһڵʼЩŭ򹷻ÿأοĵλҲͣǿһµĹš
һʱ䣬ŵİ֮۾ʼӳӿ˹ȥ֮У˿˿â·ıһ㣬൱Ŀɲ
˭ȻĲĵģǻǱʻǺúõ˵һġ
ӵ˳
֮У˿˿ɷ
ȻʱȻܵڵѹƣȴûǷϣ෴ǣӵжˣžԵʣڶݵʱ֮бٴ˲Сͻƣâ˸վ·һϵһ㣬ȻϢӿ˫Ŀ֮У޾ʼݣȻڵѾҪ̤ԭ뵽ľˡ
ȻֻһѣȴɺǴޱȵĲ࣬˫Ŀ⿪ϵ̬ʵ֮ûѹסЧ
ӵĻȻԵʱȴûȥԿЩǿҲֻһЦûȥ˵
һޣվһȽصĽ֮С
һˣԵıȽΣȻЩ˵вǿ޴ڣȴûκεһ֮С
Ϊ׵һˣһλ㲵ӡ
ԷֳһʱסԼͿԼ̬ģ·ʱһ㡣
û뵽ҵ˾ȻﰡǱȽϵĺ
йǿ߲мĿ˵
ǰȷʵû뵽ǹ֮УȻмȥЧ˲ʳǶˣڴ֮ˣ֮гǿߣҩ֮ƵĿ¼һ
ҩһﾹȻҩ
ǰĲ򣬵ʵȴ֮ΪµһǿˣԷСಡȴһֶֺΣҩµĺܣƾſµʣϵķõҩΪһλ۷ǿߣŴ˵ʵҲ뵽˰벽ľˣΪ岻еĻͱ˼ĵλˡ
һЩ˽Ǳݵ˽˵˵ʵΪ֮һ
ڴҲʼ˼ɵ֮ġ
Ǻǣһβ֪мգ
һ֮·һ㣬ȴշһЦݵӶҵļ׿˵
һ֮ϣƽͣ·һеﶼ޷עһ㣬ڿǰ֮֮Ҳ¶һ˿Ц⣺
ԭ˾ͽҵļ˾ͽ
˾ͽ壬Ҳ֮еһҼԵĵ͵Ĳμʲôսӵûв뵽̫֮Уļ֮УڱҲǲģҲʹŶԷΪЩ嵱УȥϵΪ΢һ
ƺǶ˾ͽû˿ĺøУûֱӵĻشԷĻǿŶԷ΢΢һ
˾ͽƣϾ񣬵ȴ˸ɵĹâȥΪĹŹ֣һֵаϢ
Ǻǡ˾ͽڤƺٴνһոµĲΰ
˾ͽаԵ
һף˵СĽ
ȴ͵ЦݣֻƲźۼԼĳ֮С
ղŵѯʣǴȥѯһ£Ƿк֣νڳĻ˵ãЩĻᱻġ
ҵڿνǿƥʵ񷣬˲֪Ϊû۸Ҫۼʶһ
˾ͽϴѵʱ򣬲ûеڷ֮˵ǿǵһӡ
׸ҪĺͶԷ̫ʱȻһĲҽ˳
ӡӴ˾Ҷɱˣ
ĲҽεȵĿɲ·һ㣬ʵ˵Ϊ֮һľǵҶʳ֮ȴҲ˵Ϊ֮һ


1707 ӡŭ
ӵɫ΢΢һ䣬ȻϤ֮һľʥʦȴ΢΢֣ԷģҶֵʱϵȴȻĿʼı

飡
һȻı˸ĿֲϢ㹻ѹһ񷣬͵ѸٵĻһâ˺һοռ䣬ǿռ֮Ƶ˲γޡ
ռѣ粣һĺۼ
һг֣ʱ˲ǿߵעӡ
ҲʼԵ˼
顱
һĵӰٵĴѺ֮бץ˳
ϳѣϲ˺ۣѪʣѪֹһǱޱȵ̬ҲڲϵĶţʱ¶˿˿ľ֮ɫ
˲Ǿʥʦ˭
͡
һƿ֡
ȻȴԦӴذ̬Ȼ¹⻪˸һɫۣޱȣȻȥΪᣬȴһϵҫϢ
վݵȻȻòֻܹͨ㣬һɺ˸ȴ·һ㣬޷ȥֱӡ
Ҷ
ӵҧгݵĽе
жҶǽһ
ҵľǿߣλɲĴǿѹƣܵˣȴõԼĶӵѶٴαҶ˻ᣬնɱԼܵش
һеĳ֣޲Ҷɵġ
뵽ԼΪҶĳ֣ܵ޷ָĴˣеŭ㿪ʼ޷ڸǵı
Ļ쵰
ΪǿߣһţĳȻҶȵ̶ȣ˵ȥǺεȵ谡
ӣҶҲ¶һĨľȡ
û뵽ӾȻҲǺܿҶȴֻ֣ӣĹڴ˵ء
˼ҡҡȵȵļ޲һֹڿҶ졣
ҶʱҲȥ׷ɱҶģȴû뵽Ҷ첻ûԽǿ
ʿ¶һ˿֮ɫ
ǸһڵļһھȻԺǿ߶Կˣ
ھ֮УӵһĨļʡ
Ҷʵ̫˵㣬˵ỹʵʿ߰ԸȻ޷ӵ
ӡּ˰
Ҷ쿴ӣ˿˿⣬ؿ˵
ʱҶ죬Լ뷨Ĵ̫žûȫıȻûд̫žľ磬ҶȴẦЩһԼɱﵣһС
ǰּˣҶһΣҪ屻٣곹׵䡣
ӵϼⶼڳ鴤ҶɱĻӣǲصĴһ
һ
Ҷ쿴žʥʦ˵
Ҷκεһˣ򲻹Ҳܣȫκεвʥʦȴһʵ̫Ŀˡ
ԷĿ²ֻʵϣԸϡ
ǹ׶㰵ѷʥʦһСˣһΪԼȻĪ鶼ȥˣֻС˲ܹˡ
ҶȻ¶ԷǶСˣȴҲֻܹϾɱĺá
Ҷɱǹ˼ҵǿߣȻ˵ķҵҪ˭ܹ㣡
һλ˼ҵߴĺȵ
Ȼϣʮ㣬˸Ŀֲ㹻ͷų·һͻŭ˸Ӵ󲨶ѹһ
ڸҹ£
˵ģߵȻĳ֡
һֻ֣֮Ϣ棬ԪصŨ̶ȳκ˵һг֣ۼʱγһֻӡĳҶϿʼ
䡭
֮ϣ˹ѵĺۼһֻ֣̲ޱͨ˼ǿߵ־ԷǳҶɱ¾ԼǿߣȻһֻҲû顣
ˡϣ
һײʼ֡
ʣ񽣷γâûΪһâǵӡǣʵ廯ӡת̰ĳŶԷĴӡʼ֡
飡
չ˳
˲Ŀʼǿеı
ۡ
ѸٵͻһӡֲĽ²ϣζ󲻶ϣĽߵУһѪ漴˳
ӡʲô˼
˼ҵǿǣ׷׵ĳӿ˹ȥ
ʱĲʳȻֲ޲ǿߣںһĻⲻʳεǿ󣬵ȴҲûжԿοģҳһλǿߣǸӵʮ㣬ҿţЩ֮У϶ֻŴǿġ
ߡ£ҪҲڵĵطµĶǹҲʳģǳǶҲʳƣʲôʸʱӣ
ЦֹĿŶԷ˵
ӴˣСӵõıµ׷ɱû뵽СӼթĺܣȻö˵ۺõۺˣӶԵۺв£ʹʮλֱնɱˣ
ʥʦ޳֮ĶӴĿߵ
ʲô
ĪȻޱȵ⣬⻰֮ɫҲ漴Ĵ䣺
ۺ󣿵ۺôˣ
ۺû£¸ղƴıȥʮλǿҲСնɱˣҪСİСֹƶˣȻ粻ǿ󣬵ȭңų޷󵽵Ķѧ
ʥʦ޳ܵıݣÿһε˵ӵɫʼ֡
ˣ۸ɱ
ûеȵ֣ͻȻ֮䣬һ֡
ݺᣬһ񽣹ӰѸٵĳ˾ʥʦǰ
ڶԷ㵵֮УǽȻֱû뵽˾ʥʦüģ궼顣

оϵʹһħʼһ˿˿Ļ֮ϵ޲Է壬֮ȴܵģӴĽѾ׵ն޷
Сبź֮ݡˮ
ʥʦǶŽе
ѾʼֻҪƬ̾ͿԳ׵
Ī˪Ǿʥʦӣû˿ı顣
վһŮһ㣬Ȼ
Īĳ֣ʥʦͻȻ¶һ˿Ц
µۺ˵ۺ֮
ʯ쾪

Īâ˸͵ըһ̣ʥʦ׵ˡ
ǻȴѾݵÿ˵Ķ֮С
ٵĹǿߣѾһֹڳӿ˹ȥ
Уֻ
ӵɫȻޱȣһɿֲѸٵı˳
ŭˣ


1708 ȣѹƣ
ӵɫѿ˼¡
ĪɫҲ仯ôһ˿죬ʱǴδйķŭ
ʥʦǰĻνʯ쾪
žžž
弡ⷢžĲһſϣʱѾʼȻŤ
һ˫Ŀ·Ǵһ㣬ڹȼţҶƺҪҶ˸ȼմһ㡣
ɱɣ
ӿĪ飬֮УһֿµĲ
Īû˵ǲȥ͡
ⲻͣڴ󲿷˵ѾĬˣ
ñӣ
õӣһƿأϲʳͳȴ˴ñӡ
˭Ҳ޷󵽵顣
˿Ҷ֮жʼһĨĹâ·ڿһСһĿӣҲٵҶߵ鰡顣
Ҫɱ㣡
ƿһ˲ҶǰҪնɱ
ϣ
һĦɿγɣ˸žĹâǿա
һ˴վҶ֮䡣
˾ͽ
ӵĺȵȴͬǾĶħһ˸ţΪɲϵΧʼۼ
ؾޱ䣬ӵŭƺǻ˾֮ϵһ㣬ڿʼϵķ
֮һ㵭֮Ϣ˾ͽȻվУŭޱߵӣҲûȥӡ
㾹Ȼֹң
˾ͽֹסӣϴ˿˿ɷ
ϣ
гʣߣλϵսĳ֣УֻҪһ£Ǽ̵Ļնɱ
Ǻǡӣ뷨ǲģڣȴƺֵʱڣĿƣκΣС㶼ܹնɱ
˾ͽЦޱȺƣ·շĺ̬䣬͵ı飬һֻЦϻһ㣬ҶȴֻһֻЦ滢
Ҫնɱ˭ûܹʸʡ
Ҷ˫Ŀ𣬷âؿ˵

˾ͽķЦȴһ㣬ȻһƬ⡣
ӣ˵ЦɣСӣ㻹ûʸɱǸ£ʥʦ˵ģСӺҪ
˾ͽЦޱȴ·ǰһϾ
ڳȴĻʱʼ˫Ŀޱȡ
ǰʥʦ֮ǰ˵ģҶžԵ֮ҩ
˵ģ֮㹻κεһΪ֮ĶģмеĿֲѰ֮һεĻᶼûС
ǰ㲻ʳѲɻһ첻ɣ
ҵУ˿ںȵ
ҵڲʳߣЧӣǵõʲôõڵǿ߼˰˳ɣЩǿߣٵĿ
һõƱػġ
ߡСӣʱ
ӵ棬һ޷ڸǵİԵ
ǺǡСӵǹ֮С֮Ǹˣ൱ʵ顣
һλ˼ҵڿ˵
ԷգǺڶڰ̫ӡһ㣬˸ϣһһ޲̲İ
ǹ˼ҵһλܡû뵽˼ҾȻһλܰ
˵Ǻ͵ʶȻӶ£˼Һʱһλǿĸ֡
˵ݳһʱ䣬˼ҵˣϿʼ¶˷ܵɫȻǶһλǿޱȵĽ
ԴҳһλϵĻʯ֮ĹҲʼھԼǿߣǿҲٻ
һλǿΪ֪⣬һλ벽ǿߣʵ̲һ˿˼ҵѪͳı˼ҵ˺ķ˴ٻġ
ǻ޳ܰ
ӵϼⶼڿʼš
Ǹ߸ϵĻӣһʳƿأܵ衣
ǴʱĹǿǣȴ·һµ֪һ㣬໥ĺܵӣ·ǹʱڵļһ㣬û˿Ľ١
޳ܣ
ٴεаԵĺ
ӵǽһŭ
ʱ˺ĻӵĲʳֲʲôôģôĹ໥һУγɵ㹻вӵİΣ
ڲʵһĹǲʳˣһֱԷڵǰ˵ķˡ
ҧгݵĽеЧȴû˿ĸı䣬˸ûȥǳҶ쿴˹ȥв˿˿â·ڿһεıһ㡣
Сκεһ֣㹻˿ʼ÷ڣҶ뵽˳涴֮еʱʵ̫ˣҪܳʱ䡣
ı±Ҷõ̫̫ˣȻҪջص㱦
ǺǡСֵܣеᣬҲӦ֪˰ɣֻҪ㽫ϻõıǱܣˣϷ򣬾ǲʳԸ㣬ҲģԵĲܵ˿˺ġ
һ˿˵֮УڿҶĲ˿˿ڴâ
ӷ·ڿһһ㣬֮Уͷų˿˿ǰ̰̬
ǰλСֵܣκε˶ܹ˺һëġ
֮Ҫ¸֮˲ܹõһ˵õ϶޷ʹõģ罻һĺá
˵Ҷǰʼ֣֮УεȵĴһ޷ڸǵ̰໥ļɵ˲ľҪǰȥˡ
˵̬Ҷϲɵ¶˿˿⡣
Ⱥһﻹ޳ܰ
Ǿʥʦ֮ǰ˵ĻҲܹ𣿶ԷңǵõĻεĻǵأ
Ҷ֮Уֵ൱Ȼ֣˵ɫı仯
ǺǡСӣΪľ˵Ļ𣿡
һ˿ڣϴ⣬ؿ˵
˸ղŻһȱӣǱٶȾȻ֮죬ҶеԽŨ
СӣƺǺӵĵۺһģҿۺƺҲûΪԷɣ
ͻȻĿ˵
˼һۿȥ֪һﲻʲôˣ֮даЦ⣬Ϳȥʮӣһ֮
һȴʵˣĿʼŵۺĪ鿴˹ȥ
ۺ󡭡ô
䣡
ϱ˿˿羪һ㣬ҫչֳޱߵͷţ͵ѹȥ
ϴŸ߰ŭ⡣
ǵǽʵӲɣڵ֮أǲڷԽķˣ


1709 
ӵĻһĨвĲǸ֮߰ˣȻɵϣȴǺ¶Էֻڼɵѡ
˵ŭԽıŨ
ǺǡαأӣƺǲҪ˵ķŭϾҪֻǱµĶ϶صĺǰĻҵļʲŻ˵أ
һĨӵϡ
Īü𣬿˳ԼȥĹâ΢΢˸˿˿⣬һǶ̰
ۺ󡭡֪Сǲǵű
һ˼Ŀ˵
ߡ
ͻȻһߴ
ߵſµѹƶʱǿ֮˵徹Ȼһߵĳ֣ʼѸٵ
Χһпռ䣬׵ıˡ
ֽյĸо·ǽԷԲ׵һвһ㡣

ĲҽӶԷﴫ˳
顱
ոյɢ徹Ȼ顱һ׵ıѻ⡣
ôôĵҵҪ˭˵ĵȻڵҲв
֮Уޱߵ䣬ħһ㣬һɿֲƴ֮
һɲ·һħնϲ񷣬նأ
Ȼ·̣ȴĸоеֲֿޱߡ
ǡ
Ǳ֮ˣ˵ɫҲʼı仯
ǡڡ֣ӷ·һһ㣬ֱӵĴ̵˵Уǵĺһļ١
ļŵˣɫҲʼ仯
ڣ
ϵţ
ӴֲĴУκεһ˶ȥСĴڣӴʱɫʼ仯ĲʳȻڰ֮ǿֲǱ˵ȴǿСĺܡ
𣿡
Ҷ˿˿첨
·̣ǺܿģһĲȴ˲Ϣ
͡
ʮ¹âʼ˸
һزԾ֮֮·̫ŵһ㣬Ұ
ͬӭԼĵһ㣬žֻת˲ѣЩѾ˵ǰ
Ϊһˣ࣬һףһۣУ죬л֮Уϣ޷ֱӣһ㣬ˣ
Ӣĺܣȥʮģ֮Уȴ޷Ͽһ˵䡣
Էüģһöĺۼɫĺۼ˿˿â˸ͬһֻʥ޿ַһ㣬ƵĹ⻪еһаضһ
ܿˡ
Ī飬˿ڻ˵
Ʈһ˫Ŀ˿˿֮ɫԵĶĪǿҵĸ鲨
ʥӣ
Ī黺ؿ˵
Ƶ·ǶڶԷ˿Ĳ⡣
ʥӣѵڵʥӣ
˿ʼһ
ʵ̫ˡ
ڣһϵţȻľ֮УܶĴԪ֮жǵͬһһ㣬ϯΧһУѹΧһ
˵ĿֲڣȻòٵǿ˽ǵĵ̡
ʥӣڵʥӡ
ʥӣǶص˵Ŀֲʵͨ죬ʳȺһĴڣ⳾䣬ڵʥӾͺ˼ĵһ㣬ǱҪֲӺͶԷ໥ıȽ϶Ҫܶࡣ
ʱ˶Էĳӵ̲סĿʼЩѿ
Ī֮ϵޱȵĹ죬أκε˶֪еԵɣȴĪϾŮˣҶȻʥʦ˵ɺĪ֮ĳֳѰĽӴһѾһˣ˭ҲȥĹʵġ
˭Ҫѯ𣿡
תΧȥ
ʥӵݣ˭ҲȥǵģӶûпȴ΢ǿֱӶԷ
оӵʥӵ΢΢һƺԴ䣬֮ӵȻ໥ײһ
͡
ռ伤Ȼ˿˿Ĺѣ֮䣬һڰѺۣ·ԨһĿʼޱߵĿֲΧ֮⣬ٵǿߵʱĹ˵ɪɪ
ǵ֮дſ־Ĺâ
ߡ
ʥӵɫһǸ߰ӣһҲΪĪԭüȻһʱһâ˸
䡱
޴ݶһɱղѹʼѹȥ
ʱΧž·Ǹоʲôһ㣬ʼһĶˡ
ۣ֮
ۣ֮ôܣϿɣֻؼͳſӵеۣ
Ǻε죬һﾹȻ˿ֲĴڣ
ڵĵ̹ȻĿ£Ȼǿ߶Ϊӣʥӣǿᣬ֮Ϊ֮ʥӣ

ӵɫһʱϱ˿˿âһɫʼ˫Ŀ˿˿âȻҲŽɫĹ⻪
ԼĿԿ˫Ŀ֮УĿֲȻ
顱
ߵ弱ٵĲ˼£¹ѳѺۼѵĲһ㣬Ʈϡ
ߵĶӣȻ൱⵹˶ٴθ߿֡
ߡ
ʥӵһƺǻ֡
ĪȴѾˣ
߰ɡ
Ƶһ仰ȴ·Ǵѩһ㣬ʥû˿ԥֱӵĳԼĳ֣ٵĵ˵ͷ
ã
顭
ӵ̲סĽ
ӣ㲻Ҫôߣ
ʥӵ˸˫ĿѾħһ㣬һеӿ˹ȥ

λǿػӵһ࣬վȵ
󵨣
վʥӱǿҲվ˿á
𣿡
Ī鵭˵
ҡĶûһ˿ĸ𣿡
ӿĪǾµе
ϲĪ飬ҲΪϲһŮˣŮȴ·һ磬һƬƣ޷ƿء
֪еĴ𰸣ΪʲôҪʣ
Ī黺ؿ˵
Ҫˣ
Ī黺˵
Ҳȥתߣˮһ㣬·ǲһƬ쳾Ůһ㣬Ǿת뿪ɲ֮䣬ĪȴһصĿһۡ
һۣأȴǱע⵽ˡ
˳ӣʥӡ
һĵطһѩӣһɺŰȻĹâ㣬¶˿˿Цݡ
顭
ʥƺǴ˵ʲôĪȴѾƮȻ뿪
Ī뿪ʥҲ޷ֻĿҶһۣ֮дŵޱɱ¾
ȻһѾԵļסҶ죡
һɱġ
ĪҶĶ߻졣
Ҷϲ¶˿˿ĿЦ


1710 ѵ
ÿµڣ
Եޱȣû뵽ڵʥӶˣֻǲ֪ۺ󵽵ʲôݣʥӵ̬ƺǵۺ֮еĵλҲǲ򵥰
ǰп֪İⲻҪĶ֮ˣȻǿĶġ
ǵģǲʧĵطŲʵĹڵƺǶ⣬ȻǴš
顭
ȥӵ૵ĵƺЩԽܣǺܿģϱȴȻһתȥڿҶ֮Ҳʼ
Сӡ㿼ǵôˣ
ڵ˿ʼҶٴεķ
˵֮ˣϴźڰϢ
޲һֳ޷󵽵ĺڰվ·һڰľ˭Ҳȥ׵ǡ
ǰһȻҲһ壬ȴĹ壬ҵȹǰ㣬ͼʼ𣬶žԵĴУ߰ѪͳѪ໥ںһġ
Ǻ񱤵۷ǿߣ񱤵ƿ֮ˣ񣡡
Ҷ˫Ŀ˿˿⣬Χһˡ
ԽЦ
Щ޲ǴūʼɳģǵԭֻΪͼūūɳڵز
ҶЩǹƨ
ڿ޲һȺΪأ˴Եİ׳նѡ
˵ˣҵûνҩ
Ҷ컺ؿ˵
ҶӲڵΪӵһܹܵڻûг֣ǿµĺܡ
ԷֵԭҶҲһǺ±嵱ǹʹ
Ҳǲ赲ġ
ҶڵʵȻ޷սʤȺˣܣŵġ
˵ûУ
ĹâԽŨ
˾ͽҲ˵̬ڿҶ֮УѾ˿˿⣬â䣬̰Ĺâϵӿ·ҪҶȥһ㡣
Ȼ˵ûСǾûаɣ
˾ͽͻȻĿЦ
֮У˿˿Ĺ첨
վΧһеĹߡ
ǰƺǸӵĿֲ
ҶЦ֪һԲô׵ķŹԼӲô׵ľͽһεġ
ء
˾ͽĻͻȻĸı䣬ϵıɲ䣬Ŀ˵ǾʥʦµĻﵱУ˵ˣ˵֮е֮ӵУһ仰Ҫ˵ԼûбϷţҲŵġ˾ͽЦݣҶԽЦ
ǲ֪ʲô˵𣿡
ǺǺǡСֵܣһأ㿴ǵҲ٣һеĻƱػҵĲģ˵ûʲôĻҲ˵ȥɣѲһϵĶûбĻһΣôˣ㿴أ
˾ͽĻпϣһޱ̬ӣ·ǶҶһֵǣĶҶѵ˵

ҶȻķĴЦ֮ޱȵǿң·ڹһ㣬ѹ
գһĹ·һ㡣
Ц֮еĿֲϢȴ˾ͽɫʼѿ
ҪѲϵĶ
Ҷ쿴˾ͽϱޱȵᡣ
ôСӡ㲻ҪҪʱ򣬻ѡĻ𣿡
һ˿ʼ
ǣҪҪʲôʲôʸּۻۣ
ĶɱĶһգҿСӿ϶йĻΪʲôѲ飡
ʥʦˣĪҲû磬СӵϿһõһˣ
ƺһ̣ȫı˾ͽĽ
ӣǸô죿
һվӵߣѯʵ
Сӵǲǵ飬СӺ֮ȴǾԲܹˣֻڲܹ֣һȺ΢Ĺǣۼһ˵ʱ֣ƱػǵķʺҵΪıǵõµıŰɡ
ӵ֮д˿˿ĺ⡣
һ۲ϵĹѲţ֮еı飬ɱȻӿ
Сӡǵˣ
˾ͽ˵̬ȣؿ˵
ǣ
Ҷ
ҵĿǡ
Ҷ쿴˾ͽ˿˿⣺
ɱ
䡱
Ȼһ·һֻ׼Ķһĳ֡
飡
ƻӶһȭ
ӡȭȭȭӡ죡
䡱
һ̫žǿߣҶصĻУ˲ΧΧǿȦӣɱһȱڡ
ۡ
Ѫɣʱ񷡣
ң
˾ͽһ㶣漴ŭ
û뵽Ҷ쾹Ȼĵ죬˲Ŀʼ֣Ȼû˿顣
һʵ̫Ĵ˵㣬ԼôǿȻҳ֣ԭѾԶҶ˾ͽȻһ޷ڸǵŭ⡣
һ޷йŭ⣬оһĪ衣
ݣ˵˵ĶҶ죬û뵽Էǳˡ
ȻĲˣ
ѹ
֣
Сĵ㣬С֮Ǳҳ֮⣬²ֻ֮кܶ࣡
׷ĿʼУ¶޷ڸǵṵ̆
¡¡
ڴʱһǿղȻĴ˳ͬʲôһ㣬񳱰Ŀʼۼı˵Ķһɬ
һѾ¶һĨ޷ڸǵľ

ޱߵı·Ǳһεƿһϵ
ԲʮķΧ֮Уѣݽߣһ쿪ʼƬƬж貵Ĺâ¿ʼγɡ
ô£
˵޷ŵĿΧݵĺۼ﷢Ϊԭʼľ
ݣжˡ
ʡ϶ǲʵԵʡ
ŲʵĹѵ˵ģ
ӵɫҲʼ쳣
Ѱʱ䣬Ѿǧգҵͳ
һĹâһ޷һϢܣԼķ·𴩴̶ؼبźδ
ϢȻ΢ȴҪеǿΪ֮
ǿᣬ޵Уƥ
ǵɫ䡣
䡭
ٴεĳһ纣Х𶯣˳ɴ˳֣޲ڿʼۣγɵ֮ͨ·Ҫѹһ
ۡ
ѪһǿߣڴʱʼѪɫ䣬˲Ϣ֮УѾ˿ʼ񱼡


1711 
һһ껨䣬䣬ڡ
Ҷ֮ϣһϵϾ䣬趯˿˿ĳѩÿһſµķâ
͡
˸һֻ̤һƬա
ž
ָӲץ˺ۼ
˲һ翪ʼٵıŷӿȪһâʱһ˵峹׵İΧС

һλϵǿߣȻĴӹ֮п񱩵ĳ
ˣ
һжˣ
ղŵľ˵ע⣬ʱҲˣҶ췴Ӧٶʵ̫ˣֻת˲ȴѾٵĳ֡
ǰ֮УſµĹâ֮俪ٵأһֻ㹻˺ա
顱
һȭȥʱöԷɫоԼƺǳû˿ԷĻᡣ
ۡ
һȭصĴ˶Է塣
֮ڶ˿ĿԷıѾܳ˿˿İɫâ
ǶԷǡ
һϵǿߣʵȴҲ޷ֿסҶһȭ
žž
ԷҲߣٵľۼӴͼȥ޸Լ塣
ҶεĻᣬٴεһȥ
޵УҶڵõ֮󣬼Ԫ֮ѾԿļ΢ľﵽ˵ҵĵز
һصȥ̲صﵽĵز

һŵӳֵ˶ԷϣʱöԷоԼ·Ǳһ޴̫ɽѹȥһ޷ʹ࣬ں
ž
ƻļһݺݵؿס˶ԷԴֱ˺ȥ

һҶԳոߵϵ˵ĺܣӵų߱ǿ֪˻ûȫعĹѾʩչͨٵĹעĽ˵

ŭȵ
оһɾȻԼԴϴȥɫȻһ䣬˲ĿʼһڰɫĹâһڹ⣬˿˿ľ̵Ҷǰ
ռ򣡡
Ҷɫ΢䣬ѸٵʩչԼ
գ
һߴҶɫһĴ䣬ֻǰȻޱȵĳҶǰȭǿʼִ
һȭ̲ŶԷӴڰĲϢĿֲڰ֮
䣡䣡䣡
޴֮УҶȻ˿˿ɬɫҲʼطǷ
оԼϲ˿˿ʹҶѾԵһݣʵʵǿµĺܡ
սеһƴ
䡱
ΧٴεĹⰵȻϢߣ·ϵĴһ㣬ԴԴߣ͵һȭٴεĻӶ
ˡ
ռҶĿռ֮ԷѳΪƬҶҪ뿪ɲ֮䣬һɿµѹȴΧס
ҵİգܹ뿪ģ
Ե֮ɫ΢΢һһֻʩչѧһڰɫצĲƣҶ˺ѹȥ
գⰵȻǳǿ߰ȻԽһƬռ䳹׵İΧ
̲סĿʼϷǴ޷ڸǵľ֮ɫ
һԭǴʩչһѧ𣿡
Ҷ찵ԵղŵȷʵˣȻԷ˲סԼ壬̼ı㽫ԼΧ˸ޱȡ
ڰϵļѹ·֮
ռһƬѹ֣Բǧ׵ķΧ֮УԷƿסˣţԼİվҶͨҲ޷ѵġ
Ϊһ㡣
ãã֮УǺڰ˵ǰҶƺǱһ޴ĺڰȻڶȴ޷κεǺڰ򣬸ӵ޷ѳȥ
㣡
˾ͽޱ޳ܵĽеϴźȻ̬ٵĳ֣ҪҶץȥһצǱѰָȻɿ۳ޱߵĹ⻪˿˿ķߣЩģÿһƲָ״Сӣȴһе·Ƿ
ʥ֣֮
ʥ֣֮˺һʥ֣֮˾ͽ֮УΪµһѧˡ
ѧʧǧ£û뵽ȴˣһʥ֣֮ɵ֮У޲˺ץ顣
˵֮УʼһĨɫ
ɣ

ȻĶȴҶ죬˾ͽһﻹǻʱ䣬ƫƫʱ򣬶ԷǴûռ˰
ߡ
оΧҪԼѹҶЦһҪʼ֡
ͻأʱһٴεĿʼŷޱߵƻ
䡱
ƬĿռ俪ʼȥһǺٲһ㣬ٴ˺һɵĺɫѺۡ

һλλǿߣѺ۸ɣ˲˺ѳΪһ⡣
ֲϢƶ͵ӣһλǿ߿ʼ֡

һը֮֡
˾ͽɫ䣬üϵļһγ˴͵ӡ
Ǿ㵵֮УҶ쾹ȻӶԼȭͷ

׻ŭһ޴İ׻࣬·޽һ㣬Ȼ޾貵ĽɫâҶΧС
ɫһϵ죬ɱ¾ǧ˺
ȭ
Ҷָɼһ·Կģֳ·޲ڳгԷĿֲ
һ̣Ҷ˼¡
ࣿ
˾ͽĽе
飡
һ˶ȭͷŽɫĹâ·һ㣬صĴһڰıڲ㣬Ű˾ͽȥ
һεȵľˣǰ˾ͽߵжʼޱȡ
˲ʱģѾͻΧڰ˾ͽ㵵֮Уصײһ
䡱
ײʱռһҡΣԭֻһĿռ䣬ʱʼøҡҡ׹
͡
ۡ
Ҷɫһı仯ߵʵڵȥӦģںͶԷײ֮УѾ˿µļҶоԼѪһĹ
顱
һץһĹǿߣҶɿ֮У̤߲ʼߡ
ļһ
ץסԼĻƽս¶˿˿⣬ΧѾ˿µıΧĻңͳȥˡ
ڣҪػԼ¡
¡¡
ڴʱԭҵĿռ䣬ͻȻֲͣϢӿ

һӰѸٵ̽˳һ˿ٵץסͷľľ˶ԷϵѪŰ׹ǵѣʼĲҽ


1712 Ķϱ
飡
һӰû˿ͣ٣˺һ֮ٴεĻӶͬһһ㣬Χٵľۼһλǿߵץ顣
ѿһӣеĳӡѪ޲˺ѳΪһࡣ
Ѫӿ֮Уǻ̵ĶһƬոմȾѪȵӣֲĻˡ
һз̫ˣľˣڳκεһˣûа취ֿסѸٵ
ҵĽȻһӰ
һӰ˸˿˿ɫâ貵һƷһ㣬޷е
ΧѪȴˣһвٵģѪʣǳѣµ˼¡
顭
Ҷٴεһ˵Դ׵ץ飬ɫԽʼʣǱǹӰֶΣҶ̬Ȼûκ˵ע⡣
ʲô
һӰ˴ľ
һֻ֣覵ơ
Լһֱ߳ۺһֻֽܵϵһûһ˿Ѫ·ôһ㣬覵̬һֹĸо
·ƷһƣԴӸղŵֲֿɱ¾̬ϵһ
ָƺǾһ㣬ûһ˿ĳǸղųֶմѪǴʱȴҲ޷濴˿˿Ѫĺۼ
覣𪡣
һֱֻ۵ĳ֣ȴ˶ͷƤ飬ԤеĲԾһֱֻ۾Ӹ֮Уȴ·ǴӵֵĶħ֮һ㣬̬ٲȻһֻѵľ顣
ֱ۵ĳ֣Χһб׵ıѹȥûһ˿Ĳ
·һ˵ĸо൱ء
е˿ٵĳȥٴеĿһֻ֡
˾ͽʱҲ˲öԸҶ죬ֻܹݺݵĿ޺ļһΪĲġ
С
ҶӵĿһȺνĸֻ֣һֱֻۣȻҲֳ˵̬
͡
ֱ۵ǰ
ҶԳոߵ󣬲ȥη塣
ȻҶôҪԭȴΪʵˣٶϸӲ˿󵽵ģȻʵȥ֡
ǲҪʵҸʵһֱֻ۾ҵõı֮һղžͷųġ
ҶЦ˵
㻰ȴ˵ɫʼ÷
жɺ޵Сӣʵѡ
ԣһֱɱλǿߣǿֶΣҶʵޱȵĿֲͿ£ҲѾĻʵȥԦ˿ֱֲۡ
ȻʱҲûʱȥҶۣʱһֱֻȻȥƽĺܣȴɱͬһֻĬħһ˶ԷǵȴĽޱȵңǱǼùļһǸ߲ȥ
ǶԷ˺ǿߵͬ˺һֽһɣӵޱȵļɵ
ʲô˵ֱۣ
ҶаԵ˼š
ȻϿ󣬵ʵȴϸĵĺܣνոߴҲΪŰȵԵʶѡ
ֱϣѵĵطͬǱһնϵһ㣬ƽû˿ɬѪⶼ൱ֻûһ˿Ѫ
˳ֱۼĿȥֱ֣ᷢϵָ쳣ӾһѰָ̬ûзָף󵽣һֻͬƷһĴڣȻ˺Ѽɽǿ塣
Ӧûʲô⣬⵽˭ֱۣѵСӵı𣿡
аԵ˼
ʵˣǽ뵽֮Ҫĳɳһ㶼ҪķŬһֱֻϴſµܣܹõеһ㣬Ҳޱõġ
˼˲ӵ϶ƺһ˿Ҫȥһģȴֺ뵽ʲôһ㣬ȥ
ܿģҼû˿֮󣬱ٵĳҶӿ
ҶЦȴسһֱֻ˹ȥ
䡱
ڴʱҶȻĳһ˿䡣
ɫ֮£µ߲ѸٵĿʼζ
á
˿ҶĶʱ˼е
̰˾ͽȴѾ뵽ֱ۵ǰһֻֽҪֱۣȴķ֣ʱҶ쾹Ȼź濪ʼٵĵȥ

аԵŭһ˾ͽȻ֪Ҷ췢ΣգȻҪ˵Ҷ죬ڵҲо˲Ծ
䡱
ֲ˼µܣȻıĲ
Ƕϱͬһһ㣬ѸٵĲ
žžž
ž죬ͬڲĽǿʼԼЦ
ĿֲϢʱĿʼը
䣬һֻϱѾͨͨĴڣӦ˵ֻһֻϱۣа
ˢ
â˸һ㣬ƾյ˾ͽǰһֻϱ۾Ȼ˶Է֮Уϸ˵ǳ˶Էǰ档

һľ֣ǾѣĿѣʱ˾ͽҲ̲סĿʼ
еľ޷Ƶı
壬Ȼıñ
ܰҶ쵰İ
ɱ쵰
ܰϽܰ
˵ļٴεĳˡ
ʱĶϱ۳˾ͽǰ棬һ·һ棬棬ԭޱȿֲĶϱۣʱøӾ
͡
˺˿ռ֣һֻϱ۷·ǿ׼˾ͽĴڣһԷޱߵִľŤתâָ̽
ݡ
µľ£˾ͽԴץס

оԼԷ˾ͽԽ쳣ӶԼֱۣϵᾢ¹⻪һ㣬һкǧ񷢳ȥ˵ơ
ΣֵĹͷ׾ĻԻᱻɱġ

ϱָӲ˺˾ͽķȻ˶ԷƤֱӵĽͷǹ
䣡
ŶԷʧȥͷǹǵԴϣһָй
ͬǽһľ͵Ĵ͸˾ͽԴʱԽʼ䣬ɫԽϻ̵Ѫ⣬ʱܶʼȾ
Ҫ
˾ͽεȵʱҲûȥϲϵľۼӴȻǴѳȥ
꣡
ͬǰ׹໥ײ֮γɵĦͶ˾ͽϱ֮ɵûƤ
䡱
ָȭ͵Ĵ˶Է궼ûзŹֱӵĽѹΪ⡣
˾ͽ˵ӻѵһ⣬ʧȥеֱƺҲйһ㣬ٴ֮С
̫ײˡ
Ҷ̲סĸ̾
һΣеɱȴʼȻı
ðײлǵġ
ʱȴҲûȥҶ죬֪һֻϱ۵Ǵʲô


1713 ۣ
˾ͽˣʱ޲һޱȳӵڿҶ졣
Ȼ˾ͽҪΪԷ̰ܲܺǰһֻϱ۰ɣˣǽ޿ʼҶ쿴˹ȥ
Ҹ˾ͽֲɱģ
ŶԷļ֮ˣԼͶԹ֮ɫҶǽһί̲סĽ
޳ܰ
Ļ쵰ɱ
˾ͽˣ޲ʼĥһлᣬһҪҶѾնɱˡ

һĴϱӿ˳
ѵ˵
ӵɫ䣬޷ŵľϲ֮ɫ
֮
޾֮
ϱ۵棬Ȼðһɹϣ֮У·һ˵ǰһ㣬ϱ۵Χ޾֮ߣ֮˼£ֳ˿˿Ľâһʱ佫һضϱȾ˻ƽϱһ㡣
֮
Ҷӵ֣Ȼ֪һ㣬ٵжϳ˶Էӿʡ
ǻ֮˵Ĳ˵̬ͲʹĻ֮ȫһ£
˫ĿĹâҶаԵĿ˵
ѵ˵ĴŲʵĹ
ʣǿһһոµʱõĲʳֻ죬ڣȥبŵ֮Ĵɴڡ
Ҷҿ϶һӳҲǿػҶžԵǿߣһڣʵĴߣبΪǿĲѪͳôûǿߣ
ȻЩҲֻҶ뷨ѣڵֻڲϵĿһضϱۣüͷ𣬲ϵ˼š
ǻ֮
һֱΪ͵ҼȻĿ˵
Էļ壬ûһǿߣ˵ҲûУԭܼ򵥣Է൱ĵ͵׿˵ǿԽȴ
֮ѵ˵ǲʵĶϱۣ
̲סĽ
ӵɫʼЩѿ
ʵĶϱۣ
˵ڱնֱۣ
ŨĻ֮˸Ĳ޲˵һضϱ۵Ĳ򵥰
ǲʵĹȻûбȷǸ©ϢһѾǰ˾Ųʮˡ
ΪʲôΪʲôⲻʵĶϱۻУʲ˭նֱۣʵز񷣬֮䣬ʮ֮ڣ޵Уܹƽֵ˶٣Ȼᱻնֱۣ
˵Ҳڲϵ˼š
͡
ĽӴһֻϱۣ鷢ˡ
һضϱȴ·Ǹоʲôһ㣬ɿĳһ˳ȥ
ô£
˿ӣɵõɴԼ۾
̬ڿһɫһ㡣
ˣ
ͬǹһĶϱۣȻˣ
׷϶ǲʵĶϱۣĴߣ϶ǸоӵϢ֮뿪ģһǻع鵽ԼĹ֮Уǳ尡
ϣ
ߵĹսǣ׷׵İγԼıǹϵĵеǲʵĹܹȺ΢֮ˡ

Ļ쵰ǲʳˣڻôţΪǲնɱ𣿡
һĻʯҲʼһʱʩչͨһƵĳȥ
飡
һֻͬǾʯӡľۼһ𣬿ٵĴ£µµ̫ħɽһ㣬ȻıѸٵĽһսĺѹΪࡣ
ɱһ壡
ӷŭĺԸһѹˣǿٵ׷˹ȥ
Ҳ壡
һ׷ȥѸٵӦһ㣬ĹҲ׷׵ĳŶԷ׷ȥ
һĹŵǿߣҲ˫Ŀâǲκεһ壬ȴҲҪеõһЩôѸٵ׷Ѱȥ
Ҳȥ
ҶıΪ棬õħ͸һöӵͬԿһ㣬Ҷ춼ûиԷʲô
õĻҲֻڲʵĹ֮ˡ
кô飬ҶǲŹģڵԼɱﵣһƼˣʱͻƣʱֲĴٳ֣ܹɱ֮ǰҲԻκεһ˳Բ˶ߵġ
ݡ
ƿʼ֡
ʱ޲ڿʼһֻϱ׷Ѱȥϱ֮ϣ֮ʼӿγһһ㣬ڶϱΧ趯ʱ˺һǿգնһζѺۡ
ԷΪƺʶ˽ȥС
Ⱥ΢ϺˣǵҲֻߵūھȻҲҺڵĶȺ֪߳ܵĶ
Ҳͷ˵ƴģǵһ˵ƴڵģʰڶˣµĶҲ϶ûˣر֮£Ե˵֮
һֻ֡
ѩɫĳ趯¡
Ҷ컹˭
ǰǰС˵Ķԣ֮£ǶԵ˰
һ޳ܵĹǿǷ׷׵Ŀ˵Щ͵Ĺƿȴ¶һ˿ŹֵĸоƺҶ쿪ʼ𽥵ĽǺ֮ĹϵʼԽĳˡ
ӽ뵽Ǳ֮˳ޣȻҲȥںˡ
Ҷȴҵõ˱һɱ㣡
Ҷһ˵ӲûһѪ̲סаԵ
䡱
ǶϱȻȭĴһƬĺܣ˲һƬڶֻһٵļԦƵĻݡһһƬ֮С

նһǿߣĳ˽ȥ
֮ǲʵͳߣⲻʳļ̳ߣţԼԻúôĪĺô
Ҳȥ
λǿû˭Ҳ
ʣһۻߣʧһֱһţʧߵЩȴҲΪһȻĶһıޱȵˡ
¡¡
ڶ˲䣬һĿ¹âȴѸٵĳ˵ǰ
ֻһ޴Ӱ˵ǰ
Ӱߴǧףɽһ㣬Ȼ֮䣬ͬΨһһ
ͷʹڣԦһĻϻ˸һ貹âǿͷţվ֮ϣԦսݡ
ıһɫӰ˸ϣƺǸоʲôһ㣬һȭӶ˹ȥ
ɫĻӵɫ
񲻶ϵ˸ƺ뵽ʲôһ㡣
ڵģӰϣһɫħӰ֮Ľۣеˣĵһϴ޷ŵɫ֮ϵӰȻ֮䣬һɺ
ʲô
ۣ


1714 ֮

շ·һ˲ʱ̣׵ıһεѹһ㣬Χǿߣʱ޲Ǵ˿˿ľ֮ɫ֮УӿʼͣһһĽڲϲȥ˵Ϳ¡
ǰȻǻܵ˵ע⣬ȴûһЩǵıһ¡
Ǻأ˷·Ǳס˲ӵ̬޲˵ˣڵǺεȵļ𺳡
ҶҲ¶ޱȵı飬⵹Ϊ£޷ţ𺳵˼¡
ۣ
һµ֣·֮䣬Ĳʳ֮УֶĴڡ
ѪѪɱһս֮Уɱ¾
Ѫ֮УصƺֻսսսĳΪǲʧ֮󣬵һνӹǲʳĵ
û֮һ
һεĵ
ս֮Уǧӣһս֮󣬱ѡйռеŮˣﵽһֲ֡
Ժʮ޷ݶԷĻĵ
ǶԷȻŮˣǱǣĺȴһûУһ˿Ѫû
ΪΪܵصĳͽ䣬ɱ¾̫࣬䵽ˣʹöԷһ˿Ѫû¡
һ˿˿ֿס˶ԷݣϡȴԸоıһŶô
ۡȻǱۣѵ˵ǿĹ
˵﷢˼
һ仰ȴ·ͱһ㣬ʱǱ۵һ
䡱
Ϊ֮𶯣ǳΪ֮ʧɫ֮䣬ǧıڣĳһɫľ
䡱
ͬһƬɫǺһ㣬£ŷŤ͵ʩչһ˵ϡ

Ĳҽʹ˳֡
Ǹղſ˵֮ˣң궼û£ֱӵıѪɽķѵ״̬֮£ֱӵγһѵ⡣
ۣΪʲô
˷޷ŵ
ҶٵĶ
̤߲̲Ӵ֮Χĵֿסʩչɱ֮ءϵжϵľ
Ҳڿٵ˼š
ǵģһʵ̫ˣλ
űΪսΪ˻ȡ棬ƺضݲһ֮Уص׽ĺɱĵز
һƬ׺ޱʷļ֮УһοǰĴֻ
ţⱱ۲Ļ½Ϊʳƿء
䣡
ҶһȭӶȥֱӵĽһ˺ѳΪƬ
ң
ޱȿһ곯Ҷ촫
һֳɫĹâ˿˿ĺڰϢȻͬһصīһ㣬˸âϵĳ

Ҷ΢
ܿȴһ˿⡣
ˮתû뵽㾹Ȼ
ҶҪʲô
һ꣬ǰ񣬴˹ޱȣһھԵǰҲ޷ֿס֮УΪڶʵı۵Ķ֣һУֱѣҲܵش
û¡ֻҪһã
Ҷ˫Ŀŷ˿˿ɺ죬Ѹٵ˺һգ֮ѹ
𣡡
һŭ𴫳
һŭǳص·֮䣬ҶоԼ궼һĲͬܵصѹһ㣬ϢĸоᵽϢ
ۡ
һѪֱ˳ƿصʱޡ
ݡ
ûٵıߡ

ҶĽе¶ƵɫǺܿģȴˣӵ˾ȻٵĳһϳȥȻޱȣӶȴ൱ɣƺǶڶԷ˽ޱȴһ㡣
ǲʵѪҲ˵ԵƫڶԷģʧٵ޷ˣⱱҲǺ£ԷΪʲô
ˡ
Ҷ컹Ҫӵı˲䣬һɿɲϢѸٵ˳
䡱
ɽ緢ƣʮǿߡ
Щǿߣÿһڴ̫žΪ
ǿİ֮жǶţ㹻Ϊ֮ǿˣƱŷ۸ûкķѶٵֱǵ

ޱȵľף
ڳ֮һƺǹ˰֮
ؼһУ޲Ǳ쳣ƽ
۵һӰվ֮ϡ
ذ仯עĿںʯãת
𽥵ĿʼøŨ֡
˵ľ֮£˵ж̲סһҪŭ뷨Էѹס֮еǿĶ˵ıȴûкǲңڶԷ֮£û˿İ취ܹС
ȻĻĵסˣǶԷһ˫ĿȴƺǴ˵һ㡣
͸գâ˸ϵʩչԼ
·һǿߵͷȻͽ֮УѪ·ҪԷסڷ΢춯Ƥڲ
һֲֿĺ⣬Ӽʼݵȫĸʵʵ꣬ʼð쳣
ʲô
׵аԵ𾪡
ңһҲǴ㿴ֵģȻܹúôȻǸõˣֻû뵽ǣ˴˵֮еıۡ
ɱѹǻֵĻ彫ᱻԷѹģ
оԼԽİȥһλǿͻȻĿں
ɱ
һݵӡȻչ
һ׹ӡ˿˿аϢȺУħǺ̬бΪ֮𶯡
飡
һλʯǿ߳ˣԷȻ࣬ȴ貣ʱ֮Уȡ֮Уȴ˿˿а֮ԷȻаľѧ
䣡
Էոյĳ֣ȴȻıһǿɱ˹ȥ˲ʱ֮У㽫Ѫ飬֮оγѪһ̬
һֻһӰѣȴ˵ǿ󣿡
˷˲ĵȻǶһǿʾޱš
ɣʳĴУܹбƣ
һ֮ݳ߰޵СѪ
ΪɲǣƺǴǰӰϴġ
ѵ˵Ǳ۵һ־
Ҷд󺧣
һ֮УԷȴȻĻӶۡ
¡¡
ޱߵϮռݣΪ֮㵹һеһжʼ
ǹʼ֣Ҷϲɵ¶һĨ޷ź;һ㴹µʱѾߡ


1715 ֮أ
˵ˣ
ҶԼûҲ޷ŵӿǰһ޴ӰǲϵĻղ۵Ӱ˵Ļ岻ϵĲ
о֮ϴݳĿֲʱɫˡ
һ㣬˵вϵĻӶնǿߵ־
ӽλǿߵѾѪĵ£ϴŴı飬ɫķɫ˵Ŵʱܵ˶ôֲ𶯡
䡱
ҶͷϣһǺһ㣬ĻҶ壬ǿֲҶڿȥֿסģ޷ֿһ˿޷ֿס

ռ֮
ķֶΣڴʱ·ֽһ㣬ѾҶ쳹׵ѹûһ˿ԶĿܡ
ˡ
о˽ӽ˲䣬ͻأʱһĲҶͷ˳
һɫӡǣ·һԿףͬһ
ħҵǼӵ֮
Ҷһ
һ̣ǿֲȴ·Ǹоʲôһ㣬ٵɢ֮С
ۡ
һһڵĿֲ仯ҶٴεһѪǱƺסһ㣬Χϵ˼һ㡣
Ѿȥע⵽ˡ
Ͻ߰
ţħĽе
ǿеҶ壬ѾӵĿ
͡
Լǿǰ֮󣬶ʱһһŭݳڣεȵľˣĽҶÿʼһɾʹ֮£ҶʧȥԼԭʶ
ҹ֮£ңǻޣµһƵɫâռöһֱ䡣
һĵطҶ۵һ˲䣬ѾоĲ
һƬصӡ
أڴأˣҶѾԶԣԼѾ뿪ԭһƬռ䣬뵽һµĿռ֮С
ڿѾԭˡ
ΧһУҶüͷ΢΢𣬲֪ΪʲôĸоҶΪĲϲΪĻãһĸоһζ
ţħǱ۵һŭ֫ϵҶע֮ٵͻԼŰ˲ͼ֮С
Ҷϣûܵٵ𺦣ڽ뵽һոµĲΣ˰׻֮ӵĿֲҲˮǴߣޱȾˡ
оΧĹ죬Ҷ쿪ʼĿʼ
˵İҶвɵЩȣ֮أԵĲѰԼļ֮УƺҲûⷽļ䡣
̤˴Լǧ׵ľ֮ҶüͷѾıˡ
ΧһУʵ̫Ĺˡ
һֲһֻϳ棬ûһ·һƬ磬κεﶼ޷ȥ
ΧĻҲһƬب֮Уṳ̂ڴ˴һ㡣
ҶĽŲϵļӿ죬ΧһҲʼࡣ
һζαնϵĹ˳
Щ󲿷ֵֻʣɭȻİ׹ǣ׹棬һɼĺۼеۡۡǹĺۼ
ÿһĲеĲӿ
ôõʱˣЩۼȴɴڣɴ˿ɼʱսǺεȵĿֲ֮Ƕôľ˺ǿ

س֡
ҶļԪ֮ۿ˸ͬһ㣬ٵıΧһС
һëȻĸоʱҶС
ǺȻǴɭȻİ׹ֳġ
Щ׹ȻɭȴȻĴһĹââ΢΢˸ʼʱ򲢲ҫʱƾżԪ֮۵ҶȫĿԶ쵽е졣
ôõʱˣԷʶȻѾᵽ˰׹֮Уܹ־ӡԼİ׹֮ϣҪǰŶôֲ
΢΢һҶٴε̤㡣
Щ׹Ȼ˵ǿĺܣ˹ϢȴҶ첻ȥ׵Ķһ֣ܵʲô顣
ǰٶȲϵļӿ죬Ҷı鶼ʼľ
ԽԽİ׹ǿʼֳҶĹ㣬ⶼ߰׹ˡ
ÿһƬ׹ǵ棬޲ۣ־۶ɢ໥ںϣԵĶͨǿˡ
֮İ׹ǣ뾭һµĴսܹγɣҶ޷󵽣öôֲսܹγҵ̬Ҷ޷󵽣ֲ̫ˣʵֲ̫ˡ
ʲô
ͻȻҶ΢΢һȻĿˣԶһа׹ǡ
׹ȴͬİ׹ǣҶղЩ׹棬޲ǹ⻪쳣
ϵѾѵ˼£ָ΢ȥЩ۱ѳΪ촷ۡ
һ߹ʬ棬ȴһס
һ׿ȥʮֵĹӣŹϵĻơ
ǻƣ
ҶȻһ
Щ·һ𣬷γһͼ

Ҷоҵ

ܹ̻ΪӡǵĴڣܹʸģİֻһ
ʳ
ҶıȻ
ĹءǲʵĹأ
ͻأģһҶĶߡ
͡
һĳ֣Ŀʼʩչ
һ磬·ޱħ磬ȻҶоһֵʹķ˰׻֮󣬸ӵĴﵽһ¡
ԷȻԼоʹɴ˿ɼǣ֮Ǻεȵǿ
Ҷȴ⣬ֻ΢ʹǿӦġ
û˷֣ˣ϶ֻһ˷֣ϵǿµľѧصĵҩһеһжҵˡ
һӰ˸Ŀʼת
㣡
ҶתٵĿһӰҲ΢΢Ķݡ
һӰ˸˿˿ĹϢƵĺܣ·ǾǧεϮһ㣬Ĳһ˺Ѫ
񣡡
Ҷ϶˵
ԷȻıˣȴ޷ڸ꣬һȻԭʱ𣬵ȴʱҵһС
ߡԪ֮֮£ܹӳɵ
ҶЦһٵ̤㣬ʱγ֮ˡ
ȭ
𣡡
Х֮ͬ󽭴һ㣬ζȥһƬɷһ׻޾̫·Ҫضסһ㣬һ޴ȭͷҶͷų͵Ĵ֮ɱȥ

û뵽Ҷֵٶô죬ֻת˲ѣȴѾǰ
ۡ
һȭɱⰵʱصĻС
ҵޣεƻ޷˿˺
֮дŵ⣬޷ڸǵĵ⣡
𣿻֮ì
ҶЦһȻ˫һһì̼ĿʼϿʼ˹ȥ


1716 ʯ
͡
ì죡
̶Ħ·һǵӡһһΪ֮Ϣ˲̴˰塣
Ҷ˵ˣĽЧһҿԲҪȴ㹻ľԪҡʲô
ǵûȫɢһ̣֮Ѿ֡
ҶĻ֮ì·һذһĴų޷󵽵ʱĿʼ˺գҶƿأѸٵĽ뵽ԷѰҵ˰꣬һֱһ͸
ꡭҵ꣡
˼µļѸٵĴݳ
֮ìҶõһֵġ֮ųֵľԾѧϵҪ˵ⰵԨԨħѪͳԨҶĻ֮ìǰҲ޶գο
ֵ˶ԷѾޱȵҶı˵ı䡣
Щĺܡ
ԭҶҲֻΪԼ۵ѣȥȴѾ뿪˳涴ģڿĻԵĲôһ£ΧЩ׹ǣɭȻİ׹ǣֲս޾Ϣ֣ǳ涴˵Լ˲ʵĹ֮УֻˣԼһ
Խ뵽ҲԽ뵽ѱ˲뵽һжҪСĵĺá
Ŀռô¶ȿʼ𽥵ı仯Ϊ䣬ˡ
ҶǿͿֲʵԲе¶֮£һֵĺ⡣
ʼ𽥵ɢҶǰ֮УԽǰ¶ȽԽı
һƬĺ֮У˿˿ľ֮ҶҲоĺô֮Уˮ֮ݻΪԵĺ֮оǶŲСĺôҶ£ѾʼΧ𽥵˲١
ȻĻۣҶ˵ѾҪﵽһ͵״̬ˣȴҲʤޣҶɣڵۣӵĿʼ𲽵Ĵԭתӵ˲١
׹ɭȻɺǣ𽥵Ҷ췢ԼĲʼ𽥵ǰţΧİ׹ƺЩ仯ˡ
ǳһЩ׻ؼ׵սʿʬǣеʬ棬ȻŲʳӡǡ
һǲʳսʿȴѵ˵ⲻʧ֮ǰǷһЩΪ֮飿
Ҷ֮У˿˿ĺϢ
Ԫۣ֮
ǰ˴ԼСʱʱ֮ҶҲʼʧˣϾѰôõʱˣƺԼǰٶȼӿ죬ȴҲֻһЩսʬǡ
һĲʼĳֳ
һֻϢ޵Ĺϣ·بŵʱһ㣬˵Ϣ֮У嫺ޱߣΪеǣΪ֮ϵס
һƵĹ
Ҷ΢΢һ
˵ֻǴʬǣֻܹ˵﷢ս˹ɾͲԽ͵ˣȻģĴڣڿʼʱֹ
ܹɲһ˿󵽵İ
һ쵽˼£Ҷ컹һβСľ룬ڼԪ֮۵ǰԷصҲٿԿԷĴǹΧѾ̮ڲҲԿһʯԭ֧ŹȴѾ˶Ѳ̬ͬǾ˿籩Ϯһ㡣
εĲƣȴҲɵĿԿĳ⹬ư֮
˱ϢҵԸо㺮⣬ȴｨ˹
ҶΪ졣

ȻѾо˶ԷĴڣҶҲᵢ飬ѸٵĿʼ̤㣬Ѹٵǰ
Լӵʱѣ֮ص·̣ҶѾ
ԭֻǽĹۿҲԿǵĽȥʱҶĸоǰһĿֲ͡
һķġ
ЩĹ϶أеֻȵļʶѣȴ·ǵ̳صķһ㣬ԼҶоĵĲ򵥡
棬һ˿˿һŵѾ˲֪ٵˣܹȴΪķĵԵʡǿļһǣ֪һŵ˭ģӵ˵ΪǲʵĹģѵ˵ǲʵĹ
ʱһëȻĸоʼҶ
⵹£һȺبŵļһǣȻѾˣȴ˲ٹĶ
ʱħһ־ѣͲҶ˱ǲʵĹ֪һǲҲʲô
ڵĻǻˡ
Ҷһ·ĿʼǰС
ΧѾƻĲˣµĶֻһЩƵķģҶ쿴˰죬վûԿĶҲû򣬿ҶЩƵĺۼѡ
ҶǰڲĶҶΪĳԾ
ﵽЩʯʻۼġ
֣ҲѾƻĲˣµĽֻһŵļӣǿ֧ŶԷ˲Ļ𣬵Ļޱȵ䣬ķĻʱԵķӳһҶҲԿ϶Ҳάϵ̫õʱˡ
뵽ڵ֮ҶȻ̧ͷһȥ
һʯЩʯѾƻĲˣҶȴüͷȻΪʯĶϿڴЩչֵӡ
ЩϿڲǾʱĴݲ֮γɵģںγɵġ
˵ĻǾ˵Լǵһˣ֮ǰҲ˽뵽
˭пܵģӲ֪ʩչʲôֶΣǱ۵Ӱû˿˺ܿ˵ģ
Ҷ˫ĿʱѾâϵüһһ貹⻪ǴϴڵļԪ֮ۡ
һһԪҶļԪ֮۴ʱȻûдﵽɵľ磬ȴ㹻̽Щʯϵ˿
ʯԭѾˣȴٴεı飬Ϊڵ̬Ȼģп϶è塣
һĺۼ·ӡһ㣬ǧʱ䣬ʴ֮󣬶û˿ı仯ȻĿԿĳЩۼӡϵʱ̲صжôĿֲ;ˡ
żԪ֮۵ʩչʱҶѾе˿˿ۼ
һſµľѧ
֮Գ֮Ϊ£ΪԷʩչأǿԽٶ쵽¡
ʯٶȣ˼£һʩչհ㣬ͬһâ
£Էܵĺȫ棬Ӳʼʩչʮֵĳ̶ȣһʯȻ޷ȥĵɡ
ǧʯ
Щʯȴ̫࣬ҶһʱҲЩԲ
üĿʼһʹ


1717 ɱ
Ϣһ֮ٴεʩչԪۣ֮ҶϣѾѲĹŵ
ŵڲƵ൱֮ѰҲףƻôأҪѰҵԷټΪѣҶԽĲԴиоʯĿֲ֮
̵һŹϵľѧʵ̫ˡ
׵ΪԹӰΪ໥Ľͬһ㣬ͬһϵ໥ӳ֣ĴﵽһޣȻǲ򵥰
Ҷ˵
Ҷ߲Ȼѡ߲ΪѾﵽһµĳ̶ȣħߵӰصһչֳ㹻Ĵﵽһ˾ĵز
Ҷ֮˵ΪҲǽ־ѧܹһ
ҶҶϣƺƳһ˿
һ𽥱ģϸϸĿȥ֣ᷢҶڳֳһֲת֮С
壬ȻÿεĸıƵڱ仯š
Ҳ˵⿴ȥߵĿռ֮УҶѾϵķתԼĲﵽһֲĳ̶ϡ
䡱
ڵĵҶٴε֮ͣѾ¶һĨЦ⡣
ǹϵľѧǲ֪ѧǴʲôģǵսķʽͿֲٶȴ㹻İһˣҵ߲뵽ǧ֮֮Ѿﵽһƿڼȡ˶ԷĲ֮ȴǧ֮ľ磬˵ﵽһˡ
ǧ֮Ҷ붼֡
͡
ȻһҶ쾹Ȼ̤㵽֮⣬ֻգ۶ѣٶȴҶΪ֮ˣղŵҲֻһѣǴﵽĿֲȴʷǰĿֲ
µٶȣµٶȰҾȻԴﵽֲĳ̶ȡ
૵
ҶڿԿ϶Լһ뵽˴̫žΪԿƾ˾˺ʵ뵽һĪĵز
ʵ;磬ԼҲʸʶһµġ
֪ﵢ˶ٵʱˣҵøϿѰһ
ҶȻ뵽ˣԼ֪˼ϵ⣬ȴʱ䣬ȴ֪ĵˣܹõʲô
䡱
һɺ֮Ȼıŷ˳
֮·һӴʷǰһ㣬ޱߵڹʣйޱѾ۳ΪʵʣԼĿԸо޾ڷڣɽһĿʼѹǵ۷ʱ򣬽᳹׵ı
Ϣ
Ҷɫ΢䣬ʱоϢΪʲô˵Ϥ
͡
廮һâҶԭԪһײԼҲ˿˿׵֮ʱҶҲеĲУʵʼȻı˼µĲ
һΣǲʳҪǿˣӵʵͨ죬ֻҪں֮ǾԿµĽԭǵҫɢ̬չֵ֮Уʱʲô壿ʲôţǲʳǰҲֻǹ̶ѣ˿Ӱ첻ǵ
ӰĴһ֮г֣漴һ˸˾ȻǱ͹ġ
оΧصϢ֮УһڴҲ
ǰһǲʳҪˣôˣ֪ĻΪʳ޷ٴҫأε֪ţмںȺһʶѣڵѾﵽ˰벽ľ磬õ˴֮ԲЩֿܹġ
һҲ˵
ˣǻʱ͵ĺãɱ¾ôˣܻܿ˵עģӴںæʱٲ÷ƱػɺܶĲģʱɾ鷳ˣڵӾ˿谭Ļ˭Ҳ޷εģ
һˣĿ࣬絶һ㣬߷ȴһȻͺ⡣
ŵǿ°վԸоһֱ̹ǵϢڲϵӰҵתǿɲĺܣΪǱ֣ǲԸ
˵
ˣÿһλ϶˿˿ɷնɱǿ֮Żγɵɷѻһ໥վУ·ֲɷһ
һ֮أʱڵսʿǣǲſµУҵս֮У˷磬вٵˣֵܡӡѪȴΪһò֣ҲӢ޷ʧ
˵ɫ𽥿ʼ΢΢ı仯Ȼ֪ģֻǶһ飬ȴҲ޷ı䣬һرɫκε˶ܹΥ
ǲڵĵһμ̳ߣΪʲô
һ̲סü
ˣЩ鲻ǿ̸۵ģبʱ֮£ûʸʣ
˵ֹһƺҲ֪ԼЩ޴˿ٵıԼ͡
ҶҲ֪ǴʲôطȻһȵӣһǻˣ
һﲻ򵥣ôõʱˣȻûȥǳ󰡡
ߣʲôֻǺѣӵʱܵˣΪǴǿ֣߳ӵʵѹСӣһָѹķ𣿡
˲ϵĿʼţҶޱȵ֮ǶҶޱȵٲȻҶ쵱һĴڡ
˿ʼ𽥵Ľ뵽ڵ֮УʼѰţǺţ˵ʵȻ˵޵УÿһϵѪ𶯣޲ﵽ˴̫žľ磬˵ľ˵໥ںϣ㹻Ĵﵽѵصĳ̶ȵġ
ϵķİ̲صεȵĿֲκΣ֮ǰѾӸˣĻҲԴвһ˿У
һ˷˸֮̾˵
һ˵ţһ߲ϵĳЩʯϿȥ
ϲϵ¶˿˿֮ɫȻ˵޷ӵʯϵУȴҲԴвһ˿ġ
Ȼ໥˲䣬һȴͷų
˵ɫ΢䣬Ѹٵĳһ˹ȥ
һӰĮעǡ
㡭Ҷ
˴һǺܿȴ¶˾ϲɫ
̤ЬٴȫѹҶû뵽㾹Ȼû
һ¶˷ܵɫĺȵ
顭
ӰȻһ񱩵ʱ𣬵˶
꣡
Ҷ˿û棬ٴε̤㣬·һ̫һ㣬ӶȭͷŽâ˸

׻ʱı
ǷľŽ֮ڷɳȥ˲ʱ̣˺˶Է
ѪʣͬѪһӿȥ


1718 
һλ̫žǿߣֻգ۵ʱѣȴҶķϵˡ
ŶԷڵϲ鴤˵ɫ䡣
ôܣ
Լͬҵ̬˵ޱȵĽ
ǲǶңޱȵڴ˽ɣ
Ҷ쵭˵΢ȴըһ㣬˵Ķ߻
㡭㡭ôĵӣҶ㾹Ȼĵҳѵ֪ʲôط𣿡
һɫĺ
κεһ޷ȥĮӵģǳ϶֪ɽӴӵĲҪ˵ˡ
㡭ΪǺ㲻ɣҶ֪ʲôѾõ˴УʶĻõĻǸһȥǰԸ⳼
飡
Ҷȭͷݺݵػ˶Էıӡ
ᡢѪˮʱںһ𣬹öԷ˲Ȼֹ
Ҷɢϣ·һ׻սһ㣬ɷޱߵĿǣЦֹ˵
ôķϻ
ʵϣҶҲڰԵĳԾٶȴﵽǧ֮ľ֮ٶȾȻ쵽̶ȣһʩչټϵĿֲϵļӳ֣߰ʮںϣȻ˾˺Ϳֲ޷󵽿ֲ
ߡԭң˼Ѱҵǣû뵽ǾȻԼˣĳҵǲȻһ򶼲ȴû뵽ôá
ҶЦ鵭ȻޱȣĮȻĿǣ˫Ŀɺ˸ɭȻ

ǱҶ˱ӵӴһҲʼ֣ʩչԼĴ̫žϣɫ֮УֱֻѾٵĻӶ
ǱҶѪˮӿӣһֻƣص˹ȥ
һֻ֣ͬĥһ㣬ޱȵĳأγһƬ磡
˵ʵǱѰҪ˵Ǵ첻𾳵۷壬ͬ׶ǿߣ˽˵ĳҲȻľġ
Ҷǳȣ˸Ȼһһ޴Ļֳǧһƥ̫һ㡣
ħ֮
ХֱֻۻӶʩչͨصĳǵֱ˹ȥ
Ѫɱ󣡡
˵ĺȵʱֱͬһĿʼȥһľʼתȻγһ϶аĴ󣬽Ҷħ֮ٵס
ѪɱһλǿߵľѪΪӣʩչֻǿϧһﰡ
˿ǵϣԭѾҶһλǿߵʱѾ׵γѪˮ׵γѵĺۼѣû˿ĺۼ
ʲôƨǿߣȻһ֮ˣôǿŪת
Ǳ˵ӣЦſűѪɱΧҶ죬мЦ
ѪɱǿǲʳеĹҲ˵еǿĵ˼£ں˵ʵͨ죬ǶȻûпܽģ
ǡǲǸ˵̫˵㣡
ĮٴεĴѪɱ֮ͷų
Ӱ֡
䣡
һȭӶȥľںϣγһȭӡȻĻѪɱ
ۣ
˵һѪϴ޷ŵɫѪɱ󣬱޷ڸǵ֮ɫ㹻˵ˣڵǺεȵľ
ôܣ
Ѫɱѵ
ܵġ

Ҷ˫ɢγһ̫ӡǣ˲Ľ˵忪ʼ뵽̫ӡǵģֻƬ̵ʱѣǵֱӱС
꣡꣡
ֻһѵѣһѪɽ׹ɭȻ˵ֱӱҶ̫ӡѵˡ
̫ӡǣҶǰҲһ˿ȴûڵǿᣬҶ̫ӡǣע˰ӡȭ;ȭеľ߶ȻؿԴﵽһֳ޷󵽵ľ˳̶ȡ
㡭㡭
һ˵屬ޱߵѪĿʼ𶯣˰ص忪ʼ̫ӡǵǱޱȵ
һ̣һֻ޴Ľӡȴû˿ԥĳ̤ȥ
̤
Ӳļ̤
ħ֮εȵĿֲһȥʱһֳ޷󵽵ܣһŰ
ۡ
ͬѵһ㣬ԷֱӵıҶĲΪһ࣡
¡¡
һɲĲȻı
оһɲ֮Ҷɫ΢΢һ䣬һɲ֮У㡢ޱߡʥ
Ĳ·һ㣬ʱһеĸı䡣

ҶļԪ֮ۿٵɵ˵䣬Ѿ¶һĨȺͷŭ
ڶԷļ֮УӾȻĵõһֵĴУ
ߣ
Ҳû룬ҶѾٵĳһϳȥ
һ˸һʹԭ˳ֵĵطصĺܺãȥ޷ӵﻹһ
ҶٵĴ߶˲ĽԷ˸ѾʧԶ
¡¡
һ壡
ڣޱ·绢һ㣬ŭйԼޱߵܡ
ĻѾ
ΨһıϢԭһŵҪǧ򱶣·ĵ֮һ㣬϶ҳһְ
һĲӰ˸ϵؽ档
ǧǿǣڷɶʩչԼΪǿľѧʼȥ
֮޲ǽشĺ¡죬ҶڵȻĽ뵽̲סĸоԼһĶ¡
ǾϵѹƣľϵѹƣҶȻӵϵѹȴҶͿӵһС
ôǿʩչںһеĲ㹻ӲҪ˵ҶڵľȺҪС̫̫ˡ
Щֵǿ֮Уйǿߣйŵƿأ˭¶˿µɱ¾֮ϵĳԼĶֿʼУÿһжһ˺һƬǿա
ɱ
һŭԭѾЩסҶɫ΢΢һ
ֻһλĻʯٵĳ֣һϳȥ
һۣݣվ֮Уϵĳһ޴Ľɫڹͨţߵ֮ϸӵĿʼɢ˿˿ʥâϵͷţǿ
ӣ
Ҷ΢΢һ
ǲõģµĶ϶ʲôģΪ˹壬
һʯǿߣĺƣ˾졣
ϣ
վΧסӰοĹǿǣ׷׵ŭһʱһâıʼŶԷ֡
ȻʱΪҪĹͷǲŶԷֵġ
ͣ˫λǿĳ֡
䡱
һλʯǿߣȻǿޱȣȴҲôǿߵĶֻ֣ת˲ѣ̼ı㱻ЩǿĺɱΪ⽴


1719 ѣ

Ҷ쿴֮ϣɢޱҫ¶һ˿;ȡ
ԸоĳϴޱߵϢĲеĿֲų󵽵Ķֲ
֮ǵأ⻹ֻ΢΢˸Ϣѣȫͷų㹻زˡ
Ҷ
һͻȻĽ
˵˸˿˿亮âȻޱڣҶ
һλսĺᣬԷߴﵽ׶ĵزϵÿһ缡⣬һֱ֮Ϊǿ׳Ϣ
¡ļ˸˿˿ƣȻһľѧ֮УЧġ
ˣ
Ƿıһ׳ľ޸޸ķпޱȣٵذĳҶһ㹻һС
ң
Ҷ˫Ŀ˿˿â绢Хһ㣬ʩչĿֲס˳ֵǿߡ
Է˫Ŀ֮У˿˿ľ֮ɫƺû뵽Ҷ쾹Ȼᷢʱһɬ
䣡
Ҷˣ
ٶȼ죬·һһ㣬˳ƵȭͷѾһâȥ
һȭĲ·Ҫصһж׵Ĵһ㣬㹻Ĵﵽһּ£ϵİֲȭ磬Ǹǧ׵ľ붼˸оһȭԼϹ
飡
һλǿߵʱһֲıһöըըһ㣬Ѫ⿪ʼ衣
ȣ
ҶٴεŭһȭͷƲɵ
һȭŽ֮һȭɱȥҶ廯̬֮·ϵĿֲһ㣬ȭӰ磬Ĳؼľ޴𵴡
ҶʱѾı֮ٴεĴﵽһµĲΣȻ޷ʵȴҲƱ̬ĺܣֻת˲ԷʱҶһȭΪ⡣
Ǻεȵһȭ
ȭ䣡
˲ǿߵע⡣
ǴʱѾ˻ս״̬ҪҶ鷳ȴҲûа취ҶԿֻܹԵĽҶ찵ԵļԼС
Ҷ˫Ŀ˿˿âѸٵնɱһǿߣȡŶԷļ䡣

⾹ȻǱ۵һϵĴڣڽ뵽֮ȻûҵνʵĴУȴõ˱۵ĴУһһģҲǿֶ顣
նɱ֮ˣ֮У϶ϵһŻľѧ˵֮Уⱱ˵ǿ󣬸Ϊѧõ˴ǽлΪڶۣ
˷˵ĺȻ֮У²ʵ⣬ȴҲ㹻ǿ߿ʼ
ɱ
ṵ̆ʹ£ʱ˿ʼնɱ֮
һԾѸٵڿգǳӿʼֵġ
һȺϣ
һϵĹŹսۣϴűɭȻһֻݵצӣ·Ǵžĵһ㣬ĳ֣ռ漴󣬷һ󺮱ĲһһĳŶԷץȥ
꣡
һλǿߵûпӣ㱻Էצץ飬γƬ˲䡣
¸¸¡˭ҪĻϷǺڴǵѪζΡ
ߣѿͣͷѪ¶ɭȻ⣬мĺܡ
һµϹˣΪѪаؼСӦ
˼е
ȻϿȥЩǿػӣ̽ι̣ܲ͸磬ʵϣȴҲЩֲǿǣûĳ֣λϵĹ峤ǣǵʵſµܣϵΪӵĿֲ
׵ֻССһ㣬ǵûһȥµģƺʲôƺԼļƻһ㡣
ɱ
һһң红ͯ߹ĳһսǰԷ红ͯеľȴ׵ĳȣӶһ־Ķǵơ
ǹӤˣһﾹȻҲˣ
Ȼ⿴ȥӤһļһʵ϶Сκεһˡ
Էľгֺܿ죬ȴ壬һȥȻڰ·ͣЪ˲ٴξ𣬶Ÿ͵ݺݵնһϵսᡣ
ĹӤˣڴʳΪвɣ
һλǿŭһֱ¡һһȭһС֮ٴεŭһͬһĿ費ϣŹӤ˳ȥ
ʱ͵ʮ׵ĳ̶ȣžһΧţĿֲ㹻ҪΧһ顣
žԼĴָϸȴһķЧֻǶݵʱѣԷѾǿеһλλǿߵ
ʳʲôֻҪǵõǱ۵ĴУϷȻԼʱǲʳҲֻϷһֻ϶ѣ
Ӥ˵ޱȣֻ֮дŵɭȻ֮ȴ·ǹһĿֲ˵Ŀ¡
һȺһʼˡ
ҶٵĶͼӣ̲ס˵Ҳʱɫȴ΢΢һ䣬ֻ֮ϣӵ徹Ȼ͵һ
ֻһҶȴֳһ𶯵ĸо
ҶޱȵǿЩνĴǿҲûֲڸоȻڳҪĶࡣ
á
ٵĶٵʩչ֮Ӵܵʮ֮⡣
ˡ
һʼˡ
֮з·ھ֮ϣƺĺģεģϵĲȴڿʼɢ
ʳˣ޲¶˾ϲɫĹǿߺĹǿȴһľ֮ɫ
һĲƿʼɣӵϿʼɢ¶˿˿֮ɫ֮ȴͬŭĿһ㣬ȻĻȱȴֶѪ쳣
ӱˣȻϴͣκϢȴɭȻ˼¡

һĴЦӵɢ
˾͸Ʋ㣬һֺ嫵ĲϵĳΧɢ
飡
ΧߵһȦˣ˲Ļ⡣
·ܵһֳ󵽵Ϯһ㣬Ѫӿγ޷ĲΡ
ιľˣɺɫĹâһѪ֮
Ŀģ
һŭѪǧһЦ︴գ
ֶΣѾǳ˿󵽵ˡ
䣡
λʳǿĺ
͡
âȻӵ˫Ŀˣ
ϻ֮ϵɢؼ䣬γΨһΨҶƺƺƵĿʼǣһ̣ؽ·ֻһˣ


1720 ɱһУ
͡
âľ룬·ʵһ㣬˺գ֮һ޲Ϊޡ
ǹϵɽ嶼ʼΪʯ
ԭˣյеľ谡
ӵﵭ˵
һĸ߰ӵĸ߰һңƣһӵϣ·ﵽһ۷塣
վ֮ϣ·һһ㣬κεһ˶ܹȥһС
Ǵ𣿡
оԷϴ󲨶ҶаԵһݡ
ӵƣ˵ûжٵ𺳣ƾŰȵҶ㹻ӵԷӲֻϵĸı䣬ϵĸı䣬ıѾ̥ǰǿˡ
ҶҲûкͶԷԿİա
ˢ
ӶǴ֮ϣϰȻ̬εȵЦ
أҿ˭ֹܹң
䣡
һڣ·ǲģַ·Ǵһֳ
Ȼ֮ϣǿƲ޴壬ʱȴԵޱȸߴȴͬһֻһ㣬䣬ŵضҡһ궼ҪΪ֮֮ϣǳƺҡҡ׹Ĳ
һ˸ƣԭƿصƣȻ˭Ҳ֪һǴ浽׵õʲôȴҲԸоڶԷϣһɺĵڻ̣·ǻɽ緢ǰԤס
һִƣ޲ĴƣʱӲһֵž߱سϡ
⡭ǣ
ǿ¶˾;ɫ
ԭʵѾﵽ˰벽ľ磬ܹԿҲȵ˶ѣڵڵõ˴֮󣬸˿ɵС
ǶڴϵӣʱһĲ
װȡ
ǵȻ̬ҶбӵЦ
֮ǿޱȣѾԸоӵȻһȴڲϵĲ·һ𼴽緢Ļɽһ㣬ʱӿȥƽĺܣκȴôһ£ڵڽѹڵ
ڵ·ǻɽ緢һ㣬ǿҪ˵ʼ׵ûһ㡣
ģʱϲ֣㹻Ľڴ˲ﵽ߼ľ֮УڶԸҲѾ㹻ˣޱȵ㹻
ʲôƨۣ㵱ΪԼõ˴֮󣬱ΪĴ룡
֮һؾˣޱȵĳӰΧȥ

ռ䶼ʼֳ˹ѵĺۼԵĳ֮˵ֶηͬСɵǿ
ǿߣϳ֮˵ݡ
Էߴϳ˺ɫëԴɫëڸסˣ޷ȥԷģǴǿ񱩵Էһ˲õ
ߡ֪Ķ
ӵı鵭ȻΧʯգĺۼʼγɣƺûע⵽һ㣬˿Ĳ⣬ϵı鶼ûиı
壬һµĹ壬ԺȽϣߣ˵֮УŴǿߴڡ
Ȼ㴫˵Ѿ޴ӿֻǶԷǿȴɿĹǿΪ֮𶯡
ԭһĹû˿ļ壬Ǻʯãױ䣬ʱƣѾ𽥵ĿʼγһһĴڡ
ˣļǿֲ
ɣ
屩ľǸıΧز
ҩ㻹ڵʲô
ոյĽ뵽ӵΧʱһɿֲϢѾɫ䣬ǸоԼ뵽һͿյ磬һеһжԷƿأﶼûа취ȥı䡣
оһ֮Ѿʼ̿
漴ĳһ
ҩҽеһ֧ż己ٵĴڣ˵΢΢һ
ֻҩͻȻĳ֣һɫѸٵγһĺۼֻת˲ȴûߡ
꣡
˾㵵ı֮УҩĶȻ˲佫Դȥ
ʲôڰҶȻһ
һλǿǣҲһľͲ˼ı飬·û뵽ҩȻʱֶԸǿߡ
ҩСˣ㾹Ȼң
ŭʧȥԴϴݳһһٵķȥ

ӵﵭĵȵ
䡱漴ıƣû˿ɬһжԵ˵Ȼ
ҩ´£ҪСһ㣬ҪԷ˿·Ļ㽫ܵ޷󵽵ֻһжΪܣӵ˵
л۵ָ㣬ҩģ
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ҵˣӿʼڣȻںͲʳ
ɣļ壬Ҳǹһ໥νΪ𣿡
ңȻǶĵ˼°˹ϣܵ˵İ࡭ǿǣߵĺ
ǵ޲ıߣ·ǷΪ񶾵һ㡣
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ͻȻĿˣ˿˿⣬ɭȻЦ
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Ҳڵǻ֪ʵĿ֮֬ϸָȻһѸٵĻצסһλǿߵ
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ʵﵽ˰벽ľˣѾӵľһ£ӿµǣԷ峤
ޱȣϵľѧʵ£ӵǰȻһɱˣ
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Чұʡ
˾㵵ı飬ӻЦ
ЧҸƨǹ壬ϵĹ壬ôõʱ䣬ɡ
飡˵Ȼֹ˲ıѹȥѳΪһ⡣
˭Ҫԣӵƻͷų
ȻĴʱշеĹ壡
ǲܾ˵ģ޵ģλһϣѵ˵ϣҪǱɵһʳĹ𣿡
ǰʱǲ֣ᵹùģɱȥӲŲţӿԵֿסǵ˳֣ɱɱ֮Ѹٵӡ
һȺϣڵıȻǰ벽㣬ûͻƵԪ㣬ȴڵǿȥ󵽵ģȥɣ
һֻѸٵĻֵ
һֵѰʵϵĵ⣬ֲĵǿأһ޴̫ŵɽһйѹ貵ĵâȻͷţǧᵽһƥĵ⡭


1721 ٳ
貣â˸ൽǧķΧʥĵ⣬һĻŭޱ߾˺Ҫһеһг׵ѹ
ںһ𣬷ģһдʱΪ㡣
䡱
Ĳ۹γһϳɵǺһǺ貣صй
һ̣˵޲ǿʼþǵϴ޷ڸǵľ
Ϣޱȵеˣ޲ڿʼԼȴû˿İ취һǳ׵ľˡ
ӵ·ɢһĹâ趯죬ÿһ·Ϊһ㣬̴һĿռڲ㡣
ʱߣߣ
֣
һλǿߴĺ
ʱѾоˣʱȥ֣ٲȥϣ˽Ľеˡ
ս
Ψһսɵֿסӵĳ֡
ѹ
ĺ
һ̣ǵƴﵽһ۷ĵزӶҪѹƲȥˣڵģ˵ŬϵѹƳ׵ļ
ֵĻᵽˡ
ϣ
ʼ趯
һ˫Ŀ죬ɢޱâѸٵ£ۼΪϵķģٴεںУΪػϡ
һλǿ֣߳˫ֱһָʮָͬǴɽһȻȥֻԴֲڣÿһָ϶ĿһĴֲںۼǹעؼΪ·ÿһָ㹻˺صľ޴
ɱ
һ³һһ޽£˷ϣ
䡱
˵ĳһ𣬵ʱӵֵݺݵײһ
ǿ֮ϣǳҡҡ׹һ̣ض·þֲֿϢڴʱ׵ıǿϣӵĳ֣ǿײҪضΪ֮һ㡣
ۡ

Ѫʧɫѣһǿϴ޷ŵɫ·ޱȵĲģѺȴѾ˵ɫâÿһâҪﵽһ˵ĵزͬǺɫѪâһ㡣
ǵԴ̲һеľ

ŵЦٴδݳ
ǳѸٵķȥʱ˵ɫ׵ıþȥ
޷ŵĿǰΡ
ӣȻվϳ˸棬ķתͬϪһˣЩģ˵ȴ̲סĲԹ
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ôܣ
ڳκεһ˶޷һ㡣
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ո˵ĺһȻû˿İ취ӵ𻵣ǶԷһëûиı䡣
Ǵ
׵͵һ¶˾ɫ
һȻ
ӱĴԽĿɬ
ɢ˿˿ʥͬǽɫѪȼһ㣬Բ׵ķΧԷ׵ƿأȻûȫǴȴɷϵǣԷѾԽڶԷһ˿ˣΪһ˿ӲŻڲ֮أ˵ԵĳΪػƣκεĽЧġ
ĳƺǲͱʺˡ
ӵ¶˿˿Цݡ
Ц֮еĵ⣬ԽԺ
Ȼ˵ĻǾͲҪֱˣǶȥɣֻ֮һвŻģ
Ϸٴεľۼĵâ˫·֮䣬һеһжʼ仯
һ̣κε޲Ƿ
ֻǣӶԵġ
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䡱
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ʲô
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â˸ۻӶ壬а˱ܣǳ貣֮ϵ𡭡
Ǳ۵Ӱѵ˵֮Уű۵־
˵֮˵￪ʼ˲Ϣ
ۣ˵вɵÿʼ޷ŵĿӡ
ǴʱѾͬѹһɽһ㣬һ֮£Ϊϣ
ʱӱˡ
Ǵ֮ϣأΨһˡ
ӣ˴ˣǲǹ֮ˣֻǹϵŶѣţ֮仹ŲС໥ġ
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Źӣӵһɷǵ̬γһζεƣЩƷ·̫ʱڵĳһ㣬൱Ĺ졣
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Ҳ֪ţŵļֵҲӦ֪ģȻѾõ˴Уȥһ˵ĻƺҲһ£
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ܺáʲôˣǽɾΪ۰ҵżȻ˵뷨򣬵ҲܺãڱӵߣԲǳԿġ
ӴֻӶ漴ĿŶ棬һɫʼĹǣϵѰʲôһ㡣
ôѵû𣿡
ӵһ˿Цݣƺǵ⣬ƺû㣬ƺ˼ŸεĶԸˡ
һԽװˡ
ţħм˵
֮У൱ӡ
ҶԵĵ˵ͷѾԿ϶ӦѾԼ࣬ʱĶͻˣԼ֮ǰͻƵĻǵлͶԷһս֮Ԫ֮۵Ĺ۲£ӵһж޷ء
Ǹô죿һֱȥĻѾĿ϶ԽԽ࣬ǿԽĲ
ţħ̲ס˵
ٵȵȣ
Ҷص˵ͷȻ֪һ㡣
ֻȴҲû˿İ취
ֻܹȴʱ
ǲѡЧҲʳģ
׼ᶨ˵
͡
µâȻĳ֮Уâޱȣͬǰ׳ɫĹһ㣬˵۾ȥֱӡ
ܺáҵˣһֱںͱԣϴΣһλǿػǴǿҲû¾ǣ
飡
һֻѸٵ𣬻֣֮Ҫ𺳲һ㣬ٵĳѹȥ
䡭
ǷԲʮ׵ķΧȥİ£ӵȻǴ㣬ȴҲѾһ˿Ϣ
ҵѵɱҲԲɳΪ֮ū
ϴżᶨ֮ɫؿ˵
ԣˣǼҲΪǲʳ߹
ҵӣĺȵ
˵ĺã
һͻأĴ֮д
һ嫵ϲַ֮˺գݺݵسӵĻֳ֮ȥ
㣡
ҶΪ֮һ


1722 ʥ
ΪΪ㣬˵ǿƣΪҹ𣿡
Уһֻ޴Ĳ֣֮ƺƵѹ˲Ϣ֮䣬Ѿռȥ͵˳ƵĿʼȥ޾â
飡
һгֵޱȹ죬Ӷû뵽ǲֵ֮εȵĿֲָ̫ͬɽһ㣬úˣݺݵѹĽӵĻֳ֮׵Ĵ顣

ǻַ֮һ֮ĿռѺۼʼγˡ
䡱
ѣ֮ӿ·֮䣬ΧһжҪһ㣬ӵ弱ٵĲϵĹâ޾ĺ⣬ǳ̬Ϊܵ˶ԷСײɵģǴʱϵıȴø
㣡
ﻺ³ĸ֣˫ĿɭȻͬǶһ㿴գһӰ
죬ʧɫһеһӰǰ·ûа취ȥסԷƿһ̣ӰΧγһƬͬĺۼ
ƣ
Ĵƣ
ǿߣѾ뵽һ󵽵ĳ̶ȡ
Ĵ̫ž۷ǿ֮Уѱᵮһľǿߣɴ˿ǿжôϡ١
ڣǿߣǺ˼£ѾΪ˴˵֮ǰֹϢҲں֮õˡ
һϢʣһʱ쳹ռ䣬ǰϿգʼֳһֵѹѹ޾ǿߵע⡣
ڰ޵ǿǣ׷׵Լ˫Ŀ֮¶˸ӵ
㣬Ϊǿ
ǿй¶Ϣκε˶޷ȥӵġ
ڳ˵վڽ۷ڡ
ǿߣ
ٴεĻ³һ仰֮еĺԽĿֲ
ޱȵԹ֮жԹ֮ԵĻĺҪǰһնɱ
ܣԭΪõǴ֮ͿӵǿߣڿܣĴ̫ŵĿֲˣҪϸϸļȡһʱ䣬Ļͻڵƿ
ֻͻƵ˴ľ֮Ӳʸȶ¡
뵽Щֻܹסеɱ¾䡣
Ӱƺǲһתͬǻһ㣬ޱȵ䣬ֳ׵ʣȴԵĿԳκһ˵
ǴĶʣͬںһ㣬ľںһ𣬹һ־һ̬
͡
âӶԷ۾ͷųͬ貵ķѹ
ССһӣȻŴεҵĺΪϷκβ𣿡
âͬʵһȻȥʵȴ쳣ԷȻǿΧǿߣӵĲбŭҲԴֵѹ
꣡꣡
ռӵϼԦŴǿеĵֿԷѹƣΧǿߣͼȥԼĵۻʣǸû˿ԷǴǿѹȥ
飡
һҵı֡
һϵսȻ޷ס˿µıƱһ˿궼ûֱӵĳΪһĴڡ

һǿҲˣѪֱӵķɽһѪ⡣
֨֨
ӵ¶һŭɫɫĽҪˮһ˫Ŀ¶Թɫ˵˼£Щ˶ԼƵ۵̣ĺȴֻܹһ
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飡
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ͬѹſֲ־ڳ޷󵽵֮£Ѹٵı޾ҪΪ֮һĲ

һĺһ̣ǿƺҲ˴ѹơ
ʼ֮

һӰ΢΢һƺǶķΪľȣǺܿģȴӵ֣һɳѹԵݳ
ڵ㣬ֻǱ۵һ˿־ѣǱǰϷȻĲ֣һССѣȴ޷Ϸ㣬վһϷķӡɣ
˵䣬һǿѾѸٵĳ֣һķģ·ʵĳһ㣬֮ͨӣѸٵĳһץȥ
ôô۸һ󱲣˵ֱ׳ǺĺܰΪʲô۸һ±أ
ͻأ·Ǵһ㣬˲ʱ̣Ѿ˺գٵӵǰ
䡱
Եƥƣıͬһʢһ㣬йϵĿʼͷųһ̣ĿռıԷȳΪ֡
һ㣡
찡ΰɣҾȻ˴㣬ҲһλӣˣҲֵˣ
µļһﰡ㣬ǿߣ
Ҷ˫Ŀ˿˿âϴžȵɫȻǶһеĳҲ޷ڸסĵ𾪡
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µĴǿߣӶһ𣬻κεһˣ¶޷Į
˲еˣǿߣĹ˵ϣǲԸݣߵƷ·໥һײһ𣬲ĿֲѹָУǲòڵϡ
ռ俪ʼٵײһ𣬲ĿֲǿΧһпռһѵĺۼ
һȦȦγɣƵǰϼγɵģֲԼ֮£޲ʼ仯
ⲻҵΪµһλبˣû뵽ȻţһжôĿֲʱ̫ˣ
ڣû뵽ŵľȻڣ
׵˵Ҳ޷ڸǵļ֮ɫ
ʥ󽫡ߣû뵽㾹Ȼţ
ﻺغߵ֮дһڸǵĻ֮иȴһּɵȻڴˣҲޱȵļɵԷԵĲ򵥡
㶼ţȻҲԴڣ
Ϊʥ󽫵Ӱؿ˵
ʥ󽫡
ӵĿڡ
֮ȴ˿˿ľϲ֮ɫȻǶڴޱȵ𾴡
ӣܿˣ
ʥ󽫻ؿڣ֮Ҳ˿˿˷ܣȻǶޱȵ⡣
ʥ󽫣ڵĹ֮𣿡
Ȼ֪ʱѯʵʱȴѾ̲סˡ
ȷʵˣֻǿȴҪԵɺϣµĶЩҲ޷ֻ֪ܹԼȥѰң͵


1723 ӳ
ϷҲд⣡
ﻺؿڡ
䣡
飡
߶ǴǿߣʩչͬСɣڶǺŭ֣ȻԭŲСĽ
ƿ֣֮ʱռ䶼ʼҡ
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ֻת˲ѣ̼ģΧĿռѾͬǷ˷籩һ㣬ѸٵĿʼۼһ𣬲޲ʼۡ
ˮףⰵľա
תֻգ۶ѣ֮⣬Ѿֲײ֮ߵ忪ʼԳһĲӰϿʼۼγɵ޾Ѿʼﵽһܹ󵽵ļ޳̶ȡ
ٲش󱯸
һŭȣʱһҡΣһĿʼɣЩķ·ϵһ㣬ϵϢĿԸоӿµƺǴĳְϢǸǧԸоһֱߵϢӭ˵޷ڸǵĳһֱߵǱ
ٲش󱯸ľѧȻڵĻʵεǿ󣬵񶼻ᱻ飬ʱ׸ôľ룬Ȼ޷ܣǾ̫ͱĨȥ˾ųɾŵĵزڳκһ˶޷ȥֿġ
ҶаԵνĴǿߣĲǿҵŨϢ
Ǵǿߣ
ĻҪ˵˺أ˺һԪаյġ
־һеνĴڣֻҪɱ¾޾ɱ¾ɱ¾֮־
ʥ󽫵ͬһ㣬ؼʥߣһ޴ѪɫѸٵγɣݻϵÿʼۼγһֲķâ
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ɱ
ʥٴεŭһľ޴ѪɫУѸٵĻ˿ռ䣬˺Ѻۣһصȥ
֮䣬󱯴ϲ޲ƿأ
֣
䣡
ߵײһǿ߶Ǵǿߣÿһȭÿһƣÿһÿһ̲Ī˵ﵽ֮Ѿϵһдһ£κεһˣ޷ȥǶԱȣҶļܶ࣬ȴҲûġ
һʱ䣬֮ϵս˲ϵȥĦκߵٶ̫ˣ쵽һ£ΧǿǣȻҪȥĦ죬µĺܣӿɹǣ̲żԪۣ֮ȫȴԦߵս
㣬Ѿ뵽ʷܹصǿߵȼļޣһһʽ޲̲Ϊǿʩչÿһÿһʽ·ǿط
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һŭȴ𺳰˷
仯Ϊ޾޴̬ľҪﳹ׵ѹһ㣬ֲ־ݿһĳͷţһ̫ɽ̬Ŀʼ
һ̣ؼκһж仯Ϊޣµֻ

һַֻ֮·񷣬Ų죬ǿһɿĳʥǵصֹȥһֻƣҰֱ˺ʥ󽫵ķ
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׵Ȼ޷̽ߵսټȴҲԸоΧϢ
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ȻҶ뷨ոյĳ֣һ̣ʥѾӶһȭ
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һȭͬ޾ڼӳ֣һȭӶȥʥ󽫵ı󣬵ʱγޱ޼ʵӰֱֳսⰻȻŭ𣬹ϵѪɷɭȻƳ죬·ڰʥһ㡣
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ߵĽ棬ʱһ𣬷ԲķΧ˲仯ޣΪֲȡһգߵĹֶΡ
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תȭͬһſŵʯʩչӡȡµ̬̲סĲ˵
ǵڱѹƣ޷ȥʩչκεķһ嶼൱ѡ
㣬Ǵǿ𣿵ڴ߱ħʱǸŮˣﵽʲô̶ȣΪʲôоϣƺǱ߸ӵĿأоǿңڰˣΪʲôôõʱˣڰ˷ͬʧһ㣬Ⱥһﵽʲôط
ȻҶ뵽Щ⣬Ѿһʱˣȴ˿Ϣûҵ
͡
һâӶ
նһеޡ
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䡱
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ˣ
Ҷ΢΢һû뵽ȻᱻһоԼĴڣĳǴȷʵǲ򵥡
ҶһΣһҪնɱ㣡
ӵɭȻ֮УűĹâҶ֮У·ڿһһ㣬ǱŵԹ޲ȴޱȵ
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Ҷ建վ
ܹڴֿסΧϵѹƣҶȻҲԽԼķʽֿסԷ
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ʥӤԦŴɵ磬ȣͷųһģϿޱߵƣҶûܵκε˺
ӣ֮ìܣÿһΪҵ鷳ģ
˵֮Ҷ죬Ҳ̲סһ˿ŭ⡣
Ҷ쵱ӵֻһһ㲻ʲôȴԼƣʿСƨٵԷϵ׷ɱԼÿһΣƺԼͶԷǣһȴ蹷һ׷ɱԼ˶ԣοҶ죡
ҵĻʶˣȻޱģȻʾˣǱԺȻȥӵУֻһ㣬㲻ҵŮˡ
˵ʱӵѾ¶˷ɫ
ˣ仰֮Ȼ֪ʱ򲻸¶飬ǰڵйǿߣйǿߣ޲¶˾ӡ
̬ҶʵЩЦá
Ǻܿ죬Ҷɫȴݺݵر仯
һУһĹ࣬Ǵŵı֮ȴ·Ҫһ˵ļ⡢ѪҺһ
ӳˣһεĳ֣˿û飬ͷųĹâͬҪסһ㡣
ã
Ҷ𶯣ٵʩչͨ


1724 Ĺ
ҶӲʵƣѾĵϵĵһеԶֲܹãȻĿ㣬ȴ֪ô
һаᡣ
ߡӣĪ˵Ů𣿡
ҶȻŭһ
ʲô
ӵԴһƺǱһ仰סˡ

Ҷ廯һٶȿľˣǧ֮Ŀ裬͵ľ֮£ҶʼЩ˺ѵĺۼ
ȫʩչԼٶȣҪ¡
Ҷˣˣ±ʵŮˣ㻹˵ķҪǧУ
ȻķӦŭ廯һҶ·һǹصĳŶԷǰ˹ȥ
ۻɷʥ壬ѾѰ֮˵һγȭޱȣһһ໥ںϣһ̫ӡǣϣĺۼ
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Ϊ֮𶯣ҶȴоԼһʹ޾·һŴһ㣬ԼϵĸϵĲƺ˺ѣʹ࣬һ˸޷Ϊǿᣬ־ˣҶһѪˡ
ҲܣҶۻɷʥһ˿ȥ͵ֿסģϵļӳ֣ӲٱĵЧһȭ֮㹻졣
𣡡
׻֣ǵص̫ɣ˻˻첻ϣҶǿסԼʹʼϵĳ֡
Ҷٶȿ죬ӵٶȸ죬ƲղŸӵĿ£ȻҶѾʹŶԷʼȵںǴС
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һɫзΪǿս֮УĿײģߵԭǴ㱬ģʱԶϵײ֮ĿռЩܲסʼ

ʥ󽫵һͼһ̣е̫Ӵ󣬾޷סӱ
ɲǼ䣬һпʼı䣬Ӻڳһ˲Ϣɣʧ֮С
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ʥû˿ԥֱӵ˺ǽҪպϵУصĴȥ
Ҳ⣬ٵһ׷˹ȥ
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һµı֣һоȻ˲ʧ

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Ҷгֵ˲䣬㱻ȥٶ̫ˣûзͷӦĻᣬɽȥ֮˲䣬˷·ڱ֮вϵײһĿֲײ֮Ѿ˶ʼ˥ޱȡ
þˣһ۲ϵ޲ʹٴεƻٴε޲ޱʹ࣬ҶȴԸоԼⲻϴĹ֮Ѿ뵽һ۷壬ԭӵǿǿеƿԼĴĦŸղһУģǿߵսһʹĦҶʼϵƶ˾޴ĸı䣬·̼ģΪ˲١
ˣ
Ҷ˫ĿȻ˲䣬͵һŭȡ
䡱
ȭͷ£һȭǰһ˲ϢĿʼ˺һ籡Ĥ谭һصĿռ֮С
һ壬·֮䣬γΨһеֻϢ
ĻղҶڵĿռӵ
·һɭĵһ㡣
ۣռԵЩŹ֣ճĻƺǲôôŨģһȴƫƫĳˣҶ̲סһֽ䱸
ʹ
Ҷһֱŵһ仰
زãޱȣֳ˿˿İɫ·ǵȼչһ㡣
ֲԵïʢֲߴޱȣһСݣżʮ׵ĸ߶ȣٲȻһùľһ㡣
Ҷֳ״̬һĲ
໥Ĳƣһɽް԰վһֿµѹȸпʼЩ൱أһ㣬еĿΧһɽʮȦжôֲĳȡ
Ҷһʱ䣬һֽ뵽Զĸо
١ƺѾʧ٣֮ǵЩνҪֲ
ҶԺʱȻһЩپϲ˵
ЩȴײеĺܣҶļ֮У￴ȥֲֻǵ쵽ǧ׵ĳ֮󣬱ѾޡħޣûʲôˣԷǣϲȡѪΪԼ֡
ΧɽﵽʮȦĳ̶ȣ֪жˡ
ҶѸٵʩչɱ֮ءԵ
٣棬Ҷ֮ȸ࣬ӲẦ£ڵ뵽ӵȻҲ׵ʧٵģҲѾһд͵ˣԼڻСĵ͵ĺá
ʱ䣬ӦѾ˺ܳʱ䣬Ҷ߶Կٵݣʮ֮õҩߴʮ׵ĲҪʮ֥
֮ҩҶεĲ˷ܣһ·ϲɼ˺ܶࡣ
ƵҩֶΣȻԽЩҩõ
䡱
ҶٴεǰʱһɿµȻĴ
ͶǷ·ؼһУƺ£𺳲񷡣
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Ҷ岻ϵķ΢ž֮ͬ׵һ¶һĨɫ
Դͷǰһɽ
ⲻǴɽһĹأ
ҶĹأкܶ࣬ΪֲĹȴħĹأԷĹǻһ㣬ǿĺܣڣǰһĹرħĹҪֲ
ħĹǰҶɵʩչڶԷǰҶŲһý߾ȫ
˭Ĺأ
Ҷĺʼޱȼ١
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һĹأߴʮ׵ĳ̶ȣ·һ޴һƣѹ˻ϣ·һ˯֮еħһ
Ĺ棬һζεʼƣԪ֮۵ǰһζεȴǴ·ߣÿһεߣ·һֲ𺳡
һٳһĹͼȥȴǿֲ·ݻѹǧ֮⣬ǧ֮γһȦһػС
ʵĹأ
ҶԺ΢΢һȻ뵽Ĺصˡ


1725 ӽ
֮УܹĹ֮ˣָܹȴֻһλʣ
뵽ӵԭҶиӵǿʼ뷨
ĹǲʵĹˣ
Ҷĸ̾һУһһģĪ̲ĳı仯
˿ѰǲʵĹֻû뵽ǿߵս֮У˺һǿգ˹
ž
Ҷָ΢΢һѸٵĴͳһöľʯ
ľʯĴָСһöصԿס
ħҵһöʯȻԷû˵ӦñǿĹԿף꾿ʲô飬Ҳ⣬ûʲôȤܹҵʵµı˵ȴδزһ£ûа취õⱦܹƻӵĺ£վȴҲһ˼µ飡
ӵʣʵ̫ˣҶղźͶԷȻֻȵļжѣȴʩչҶˣˣ޷ֿסԷǲ㱻һˡ
˵ʵĿ·Ƿһļȡ˴¾ҲԿ⣬ʵ뵽˴̫žĲΣʱҵᷢ츲صĸı䣬һ¥ȴٵʱ򡭡
Ҷϸϸ˼һ£оԼ˼û©֮󣬲ŷȥ
һֵģо
ҶаԵһȻоˣԼһöɫʯƺǿʼ˼¡
Ȼ̬΢ҶȴĲֲĲ

Ҷ΢΢һѸٵĳƿصöɫʯ˹ȥһöʯȥʮֵļ򵥣ܹħʧǰûжĴڣȻ˵ļ򵥵ģ뵽˸ղŵֲҶѸٵʩչͨԼע뵽С
͡
Ȼһ
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쳹һ̣·ҪΧһг׵ĸһ㡣
¡¡
ҶڲǴᾧİȷɿĲ漴ʥӤԼ˫ĿµâϣһģԦ̫ʮѪҪһȥ
˲Ϣ֮䣬ҶǰѾڷı䣬ָı·Ҫһжһ㣬չֳݻΪصķģһͨʥӤǰ֡
һ֮ͨУķģЩģÿһ·ݻ磬ݻأĲޱȵǿ
ʲô
Ҷһ㶣û뵽Ȼ˵ı仯ܿģ㿴ͨƺһطɴһ㣬ΧһƬҫ֮ϢҶӵӴ֮ӵ֮ϳ֣޷ͶԷӴԿ
ѵ˵Ĺ
ҶһͻȻ뵽һ㣬ĻﴫҲ̲סĿʼ˵ĻһöɫʯԵų޷󵽵ӴҶȴվ־ޱȵĿֲȻмȴû̵ĳ֡
ѡԼ֮ķʽ𽥵뵽С
䡱
ռ伤һѸٵĿʼ˳ҶһѸٵĽʯ˻ѡʼٵһ٣˵ʧԶ
䡱
ݡ
һâ͹ԣʱģΧһ˵Ķ飬һ˵죬ϴžȵɫϵϣΪߣγɺţµ̬֣ʾ˵ʵȷʵǲ򵥵ġ

֮ڶ·һ㣬һ˼Ԧһ˵ǰ죬ңȴ·ǾƷһ㣬ÿһų޷زС
ʱӰĿ棬˿˿âÿһâʼ²ϣͷųĿֲԴµĴ
Ǳ۵Ĵ֮̲ƥӵļȡʱѾȡ˺ܴһ֡
Ȼһĳ
ҶаԵ˵
ĹʵĹȻڵĹ
ӵϱ鿪ʼ¶˾ϲɫ⾪ϲ֮Уޱߵķ񣬷·Ҫе˷ܣ׵ͷųһ㡣
ʣҵڣû뵽ڵҵ㰡ٴĵϣõӡ֤۵ĴУϵĴУĴвĴУֻܹϱʵĴУҲֻбʲĴ֮ˣκεһ˶ܹһ㣡
ӵ֮дޱȵĸ߰ȻʱѾʼ𽥵ɢȥǿȻʼš
䡱
ռ伤һ񱩵Ŀռ籩ʱ֮һӰʼŷЩӰǹǿߺǹϵǿߣЩǿŹϵϢ֮ϣ໥ɣ֮˵ɫ΢΢һ
ϵӴϢѾʼͨأȻݵľ룬ȴɿԸо㹻ļޱȵ
λһ֣ѹӣڲʱǴȻǿ󣬵ȴҲҪ㹻ȥ֧ţԵѾȡӴһ֣ȫ
һλŵǿߴĺȵ
ɱӣΪȥ˱𣡡
ǿ߷ȵǿ߶ڲʳͳѾ˼¡
ɱǣ
һһһ
ǿĳӵĺȵ
ػӣ
ػ
ʳǿĺȵ
ɿײһ
ʱĽѾˮĵز
¡¡
֮ſֲľѧʼ棬ʱѾ˹ؼʱ̣һȴζʧܵĽ֡
ԭ໥ɵĹǿߣʱѾȥ໥ᣬѡһ֡
ȣ
һȭһλǿߵͬһ㣬Ʋɵ
Ⱥ飡
һλϵĺͨصͷų·Ҫռ䶼һ㣬һ񷡣
ȡһˣ
ӵ¶˷ɫʱػߵǿѾԽԽ٣෴ЩǿǰԽԽࡣ
ɱ
ڵĵһ񽣴̴һλػߵһɺ嫵ȴҲʼ˳
µǳƶؼԭԼԵģķӡƿɣ
ӵ¶˷ɫһҫ⻪˸ϣѸٵ֮γһƬķģľ磬һ̣ڵͻˣ


1726 
䣡
ɱͷţڤϣ
Ϣ·ǻɽ緢һ㣬ӵͷ˳һ̣ؼһжʼı
һĻ֮ʼϵĻţһһ̣·Ҫؼһг׵ӳһ㣬йϵĿʼӿţޱ޾
һ̣һ޲һص֮£ʼıΪƿأǶ־Ϊֱӵѹơ
·һ˲䣬һжʼ仯ˣ췭ظı仯
ӰȻվϴŷı飬·ǵõؼϿһ㣬徲վⷽԲǧﷶΧ֮УֲֿϢȴš
㣡
㣡
岻ƣ
ͷ·һ𱻵̳Ϊεһ㣬ϵϢȴû˿֮෴ŨѪӿҪ֮Ϊһʵʡ
Ҷ΢΢һӵĴʵ̫ļ˵㣬˵ٵһ˿ϢûС
漴Ҷ˫Ŀ˿˿âüһԪ֮ۿʼͷţȻĹ۲֮£ǴԵĿʼȡؼһеĿЩѰ˵󣬶Ҽȡľﵽĸ߶ϡ
Ӷûз֡
ΪʲôҪȡЩٵϢȻѾ໥ںһΪʲôҪȡЩԵӶûзʲôԾûиоеĲԾΪʲôΪʲôĸı䣿
Ҷвϵ˼ţԼĸоЩԾƺԼѾڲ֪©ʲôһ㡣
Ϊʲô
Ҷ˼ڳȻһŭ𴫳׵ĴҶ˼
𡭡
·ǻ·ŭŭһֻޱߵĻԵѾﵽԼĿģķѾ޷йı
ۡᣡ
岻ֻϵǾһ仰ֻӵһչֵĻѸٵļϡ
Уһ㣬ȻڳĲ˿ҿĸãȴûܹƿص
ﵽ˴ľ֮޵ﵽһʵϻķ棬ǳġ
ʫϣݻһӡ棬ӶһֶͣÿһӡÿһķģÿһʻĹգ޲һǿļӳ֡
ӳֻӶƿغָӱޱǿǷµľȡؼһаӸо˴δйǿ
쿪Լƣ񣬵ĿԿ棬ʱŵ·
ÿһ˵·ǲһģǴԼˣǴʱӵ·һ˿һ̲Ϣ̲ǿκεһ˶޷ȥԿģڵѾ˵ƿء
һȼǿߵѹĻ˺Ѹ˿ˡ
ղҪնɱң
ƻӶʱĽ֮ϵһѸٵץȥ

ҲһλˣȻǿӵﵽһּ֮Ҳڿʼŭһ֮󣬿ʼٵʩչԼͨһӰơ
һһλŵƿأʵ뵽˰벽ľ磬ӵĵȼҲǲ˰ѡ
ǾȴҲѾ֮ĵزˡ
꣡
ëȻʼγˣһֱֻ֣ӵ˶Է

ԷȻû뵽ӾȻˣֻʩչһУѧûʩչһֱֻӵԼɫʼ
ԱҲģ
ν֮еĻߣǵľѧ壬ų޷󵽵Աģ뵽˴ľ֮󣬱ҪǴ̲һжΪʵϣǶ⣡
Ŀˣ֮еıǺεȵ·ڿһĿˣ̹֮Уû˿
ʹɡ
ֱ֣ӵĽԷ׵˺ѳΪޣ˲֮УѾȫ׵ȥ漴˺飬ΪһžľԪſȥ
žžž
΢΢һ֮Уӵ˫Ŀ罣絶·֮䣬ղ֮⣬ӿֲ֡
ܣ
һλǿŭһȻĻӶֱۣʱĶԷ̲ŵѪ·һŭĻһıľˣһ飬飡
һ
һ˿Ц

ǵһ֣ʱӷ·һԶŵһȻǿ˼ɣ
ǿʵűޱǿᣬһеһж޷ڸסҫ
꣡
ֱӻûһӡѸٵΪһɽһ㣬Է飬˾㤵֮Уǿߵ徹Ȼһ򣬲һö۴Сĵҩ
˵ʵȻղŵһλǿߣȴҲڴ̫ž۷徳磬˵ľ磬Ȼ۴СҪôֲֶΡ
۴С̲صǶԷһӴΪۼģֲޱȣһٵĽе־׵
ʱԷױᣬꡢ־Ϣȫµֻ޾ľֲϢ֮£ǸףǧףĲϵľԪﵽһô˵ĳ̶ȡ
ǰ׳ն֪һöһȥͿ˲ĵһλ̫žǿߣұκεһߣҪмȥ
֨֨
һӴڵľ׽ţϣϼȡŶԷ֮񱩵ѪԷһ֮޲ȥ
һ̣ӵ֮УѾ̫ͬһĿֲ;ˡ
֮˵Լħоӣǲʶ˵ķǿΪ𣿡
һǿߴĺ
֮ԼȡؼΪؼڱʿÿһ˿ԾȡãǼȡķʽʲôͬ𣿡
㡭
ԷһȴԶԣʱˣͬǵȴһ㣬û˿ķ֮
ӴˣЩһɱ˵ĻƱػܴĶģЩˣɶǳصģǽշĻδزһ°
վһҽƿҩؿ˵
Ŷʲô𣿡
ӵﻺؿ˵


1727 Ĺ
Сֻ罫䰲ΪãӣԲķһһͿռߵİһ£
ҩ壬·һ㣬ϹϾ˵
ߡȺ׳գΪҲʳĺǣҪЧҵĻǿ±컹Ҫѵġ
Ȼڵ뷨Ѿ˲Сɶˣȴû˿İ취һ㡣
ԸΪӴЧңЩҹˣСǹ֮Ȼ֪ĺܶأµĻԿ԰Ӵ˳ɾͰҵ
Ŀһҩһ۾·һ㹻˺գҩ·ҪԷȫĴ̴һ㡣
˵̬ʵзëĺܡ
Ǻεȵţڽ뵽˴ľ֮ӵĳףǴﵽһ޷󵽵ĵزͬһһ㣬޷ԤƣͶ֮䶼ԺǿգǻͬǺ嫵ǿһ㣬κεˣǰ޷ڸסеĻֺ̿һ˿һ˽ġ
ˣҩ֮Уӿһֱ֮ΪҰġĶ
ߺߡҩƺģֻҪӰɣ
ʱȻ޵УҲ֮еǿߣǵְҩҲûԭȤ
ңҡӴˣεĵ뷨ֻΪǶѣ
΢΢Цһʱǿ󣬵ʵȴҪӴΪ̲ҿΧѾﵽһʵһĵزһһ֮䣬Բ޷󵽵Ŀֲ֮ˣ֮ϵˣȻӻնɱɾҩĻ֮󣬵ҲЩȤ
Ҳãʾ͸ᣡ
΢΢һʱӽݵӡ˲ӡǿϣ
ѾǷӡӡǵϣҪԱܴﵽ˵ڵʩչˣúĺãǲģ˵㵨˽ʲô飬ߺߡԼ֪ģ
˵䣬һɿֲѾѸٵıŷ˳
ڵҪﵽһʵˣһһ֮䣬޲ĿֲϢȻֻ©һ˿һѣȴҲҩоһޱȷɭȻɱ⡣
ǡӴ˷ģһὫ׵ģ򲻸
ҩ̿ޱȵĹڵ˵
ܺáǾͽˡ
ĵ˵ͷ
ڵʵɱҩһֻ棬ҪĶԷŪʲô
ҩҹȻ޳֮ҼˣڵҲˣѵǵԸΪʳһҵĻһ޳ܵ
״ĺ
ܿܣبŲĵףڽаɣȵҽһж֮ҽӵͳҽΪһ壬Щ׳޷˽ģ
Ĳһ˿˿⣬޷⣬ӶһֹŹֵϲ·ԼƻѾõڵĽһ㡣
㡭޳ܣ
ҩĻ˵һ޷֪ʲôػԷֻܹεԳӵ
֮гһﵹҲںȴҲڱȻҵʵĹ֮Ҳ㲻ʲôôõʱˣԷ϶ǴĻǵҪõܶģܹͶЧǲʳҲһһϦͿγɡ
ҶаԵ˼
ڵҲûȤȥĹ嵽׽ΣЩ壬׷ɱԼģÿ˶ҪԼϵõΪԼʵǿ˵ãͺʬǳ涴ˡ
Ԫ֮ۻӡ
ֻڱһ޴ĻƽɫĴâ˸ÿһεâ˸۳ӴԪЩԪϵڻۣγޱ̬עԼڲһԼĵ
һﵽ״ʲôʧȥ˴ٵڹΪ㣬ĴǰȴҲֻǵ׵κ֮µӣ޷һˣڵһζţµֻܹ޾Ŀࡣ
٣ǿڽ뵽ո²֮Ҫ飬һȥ֮شѲ϶ʵĸı䣬˵һޱ飬һ顣
ûд٣ڵǱĴǿҪСһЩġ
ˣ˵ڵҲǱԭǿѣ
ӾȻǸʵĹȥĲ󡭡ԳʵˣǴҪĵõԼҪĶ
Ĺ֮еĴС
õ˲ʵĴУһʵһ󵽵ļµġ
ҶпʼЦԼſĹԿף˵ԼӳΪͳĲĹ̳ߡ
Ӿǽȥ˿µõҲ޶ȵġ
͡
ƺǲӵĴڣھǧ׵ĵطһ޴ٿʼˡ

֣ʱЩٵ£һâʼٵı䣬ͬһƲϡ
͡
˺ͬǽһ㣬â緱ǣٵľۼһĳӼȥ
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ӻӶȭӰһȭһʽ޲̲Ŵĺۼ
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ӽʩչȭȭȴ̲ӽ뵽֮Ϊǿ

ǧ׵ٱȭ˷ĩ
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һ٣޲̲ǿӵȭǰȴ޲ޡ
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һǰʣµ٣ƺǲӵǿ󣬲ĿʼȴȥǲʵŭȴݵĺԶ
ϵĹΧѾҪҺһ㣬ÿһζ㹻һһյĿ޲ſγɡ
ô࣬Ȼϲۼڴ˴

ͷų޾ҫ貣·̣һӶֱֱۣӽһٳ׵
ǿֲֲ̬˾ޱȡ
˭ֹܹʣٸһ壡
Щڵž٣ĺȵ
͡
ԵĸоǰӲǿƥеģʱЩ٣ѸٵĿʼһߣת˲ʧԭ
䡱
һȭӶۻȭ·̲޾ȭ⣬һ㣬£ȭӰһ޴ĺĹֱӱѳһ޴ѷ죡
Т˵ˣ棬ΪҲʵҫТ˱õĴУʳѾթСնϣȲѣֻˣ
ӵ쳹֮У·˵һ


1728 һ·
治
ӵΪ˵̲סĳ뷨
ԼڵĹ飬Ѿֻ̰ˣһִ治о
ھ֮Уκεļ廹Ǵ֮У޲Уʦصĵоε֮ˣȴҲȥ׵ĶԼ֡
һӡеһ
ȴһΪѾȫһ㡣
ʱֻɫޱȵѿڳǿߣǲʳǿǣɫҲʼЩɬ
ڣΪһߣ֮ܵУڣµĻҵڱ⵱һȺۣǴڵҲʳѾʵΪܹٴεĽڵĻҵȥǳΪһСˣЦΪĺΪѪҲǣһУģκ˶û˿Ĺϵ
ԵĸоԼ˿ԼѾʼ˱仯˿ٵĽĻĺ
ΪܹڵĻҵٴεĴȥǲϧúһֶôػһΪ֮𺳵־κεһ˶޷ǰӶԿ˵ؽ˵ĺ飬ӴʱӰøӸߴ
һʱ䣬ʳǿɫʼ滺ӵǺؽ󣬷ľ֮еĹâʼͷų˿˿ĳݡ
Ҳ޳ܵļһﰡ
Ҷ̲סıĿһ
˵Լǰ磬˵˹Ľ͸ˡ
ΪԼȻ޳ܵĻҲ˵ĳӱߵǣʱ򣬾Ȼţ
䡱
һɵȻһٵĴѵĺۼ֮ͷų
һ޴Ĺڲ·һ˯һ㣬ϵͷų˿ֲϢϢӴֲͬǹϵڻָԼһ㡣
ʣ
ʳǿĹ˵ϣĺ
˾˺ǿƣǵĲޱȣǲʳĴߣΪǿƿĹ
һΪγһʥĺۼЩۼ貵Ϣĺۼÿһ·ܵؼΪֲһ㣬µĹâ㹻Ұ˲Ϣ䡣
ǹϵ󷨣ţ̫ʱڣ֮Խǿ󷨵ԼϣΪ󷨣뵽֮Уһһʽ޲̲ŹǿԹͨصһУǳɳΪһĴڣϢǹϵ󷨰
˷˸̾һ˵ϴſȵɫ·ǿΪصĴһ㣬Ϊְ𣬿¶ԷͿٵĳ˹ȥ
ӵϴ˿˿ľ֮ɫ
һ貵ƣ·Ϊµѧۼһ㣬޷еһ˿һ
µ󷨣ҲĴڣػһϵĹﵽôõ£ܹΪã»Ҳʳǿ󣬵ڣʱҪƻ㡭ˣһ˿ˣҳȥ
ӵϴ˿˿âƳ죬䲻ʱ뵽˴ľ磬һһʽĪ̲һĪϢ֮䣬ɴ˵Ϣ
Ը׷ۣ
ǿĺȵԼĻӳΪ˴ǿߣһжһոµĿʼӣȻǸӵˡ
ߣ
ɽĺȵ
ǣ
ǿ棬ɽ纣ƺƵĸ
Ȼ˵ǿޱȣڱǰȴ㲻ʲôʡƣ
ŭһʱһƻʵ͵ĻӶһȭ
һȭޱߵ²һĻļԦ¿ʼȥޱߵͷţۻȭ
飡
ۼƺǱԭһ㣬ʱʼٵתŤ˺ѡ
ÿһεı仯ռ䶼ñԭ֣ʵⲢµԵʣΪԷиΧĿռɵһָı䡣
ƣƣƣʡƣ
ŭȭӰţÿһȭͷųԷΪǿһȭȭĻȥǿ˺ǳһǿµĹ󣬴ʱ˲˺ѳһ޴Ѻۡ
͡
ٵӰٵĸȻĴ˽ȥ
͡
Ӵܽȥ˲䣬һӰڳ޷ֵ£ҲȻĴܽȥˣ
һӰǱˣҶ챾ˡ
̤뵽˲䣬һɺƵѾʼΧѸٵļͬһ㣬ŷ쳣ɢľϵ˺ѡ
Ҷһʱ飬ȻԷľѸٵ˺ѳһĺۼоѪʣҶɫ΢΢һ䣬ȻѾ뵽еΣ϶򵥣ȴҲû뵽Ȼ˵Ŀֲ
Ѹٵ̤߲ҶȻĶȥʩչɱ֮أ
ҶٶǲȴԵûͶľѧֻһգ۵ʱѣһĲҽѾݳ
ʲô
ҵ꣬ҵҪըˡ
ãƿ
ҪҶϳΪ󷨣ɱ֮
ӵ̹ǣȴſµܿ˵оȻ漣ȶһ󷨴ͷųһŹϵɱǿĿֲʩչޱ󣬵â֣·һֻȭһ㣬Ѹٵǰɱľ

ǰ
ʩչۻȭһȭǰ谭һɱĴš
尡
ŭһϴŷĲ
ʱˣһ㣬·˺һϵתֻת˲ѣѾѸٵͻǧ·̡
Ҷ˫Ŀ˿˿âⲻʳɱԽľ
ʵȻԿĳһγɵɱжôĿֲаԵңԼóȻĳ֣˵ãùķԼǸʱĽֶ˵пܵġ
ڵʩչ˾Ĳɱ֮صɱ˾ѧ˸޷ԼĴڡ
¡¡
ӼԦӣϵĻȭ֣·ֻ̣ת˲ȴ·һ㣬Ȼģ˵ǰһƬϼ⡣
ʲô
ӵʱҲ̲סĴһ˿
ϵı
Ǿѧµľѧ
ʲôǶĵҩ
ɳ֮ǹϵľѧ
ǿϴžɫӽ뵽˴֮Ϊ֮ľѾﵽһ£ȴҲû뵽ԼȻ˿ֲ鰡
ⲻǿֲĻԵ
ð޲챦޲޲ͨѧӱˣʱ˫ĿҲʼ˾˵â


1729 ֮Ѫ
貹⻪˸һâ£ԲķΧ֮Уһеǳ֮ʼ۶·ҪһһԾ޴ͷų˿˿Ŀֲââ֣֮УһǺӡ
µǺӣԽΧһУ׵ĸ˲Ϣ֮У˺ѳһķ϶
˵İԵ޷һһֶôֲ
չ·֮Ԧա
ǳ֮ǳ֮
һλϵսĺľ¡ϴŻֺ̿ͼɫ·ǿޱȲ˼һ㣬Ǳ飬̬޲ݻһֳ޷󵽵̬
ǳ֮Ȼǳ֮ϵĴ˵Ȼ
ҶҲ̲סһһ֮УҲʼȷǷ
ǳ֮ɲʴһж˽ӽٸԪĻЩԪעϵľѧ֮Ŵɹģһ֮󣬱ٻǳٶȺյٶȴﵽһ˼ľ硣
ǿҪؼΪǿΪǴǿߣһɹͨأҪģ޲Ϊǳ֮еһѡ
˵ӵõһǳ֮ʵ绢Ŀֲǿ
ͣ
ʩչѧѸٵĳһץ˹ȥ
廯ҡβצ¶͵㹻񷡣
˵ֶΣȻĲһĴǿߣҶ춼Ϊ֮ľޱȣӵʹȻˮޱȿֲ;˵ģڵûнܴٵĴһȴҲµ˼ޣǱǿ߶˿
ಡ
һĲȻĳ֣·ǳһ㣬Ȼľؼһγһ޷ľ޴ˡ
䡱

ӵŭһŭ֮Уǳ֮Ѿǿе˺ʧ֮У֪͵˺δ

ӵŭŷ񣬴źڡ
ǳ֮һõаգǧ꣬ʱ֮Уﵽһߵľ磬ǿԺЩһǿ߶Կ
ȴһǿˣεĲŭ
ҲǴ֮ʱֻܹסеŭһʵ̫ˣǸղŵһҲ֪ðģȻ˺Լ
Ȼǲ뵽ﻹ˵ģԲڣһޱŵġ
ֻҶȴԼüͷ
һϢ˵ģǺڰ˵ϢУһϢ
Ҷ˫ĿȻһȻоһϢȻһֵϤС
Ϥ֪ҶȴԿ϶ԼֻҪϤϢһԼġ
Ĺ֮УȻŲֻһ֮ˣǿ
˫ĿҶвϵĿʼ˼ţϵıҲȻ쳣
ڰˡôϤ֣
ڰˣҶ쵱Ҫԭ򣬵ʱƺ;ϵĸı䣬Ҷȴ֣ԼԽĵ͹˺ڰ˵ʵˡ
ԼЩǿߣֻڰ˵һЩ΢ʵ˵Χѣ
ҳ壡
ûҶǿ꣬Ȼ޷оԼղŽҪֵǳ֮ʵϲΪռϵĸıûа취õΪڰпơ
ҶȴڰԵľ֮˵ʵޱȵĿ£һԼ޷ĳ̶ϡ
ܹӶȥһӦҲһλڵңûоٵϴ޷Щǿ⣬ֻ̣
еˣʿˣеıȫȥȡ֮޲ϽɣǲʳҪµĽҪı࣬ǵҶߵģҪֱʳ֣
ӵ˫Ŀ𣬿ˣصĺȵ
ǣ
ǿµһݣȻǿȴҲû˿մȾ֮ġ
ܺáֻҪһαʵõڵĴУǽǱΪҪĳӣǵõҫᳬǵ󣡡
ĵ˵ͷȴ˲١
Ҷ첻мƲƲɣӵֶΣޱȵ񣬶ԷǴһӣһԣ˵ӵֶΣҲҿܹʹó
ҩ㵱ҪΪŰ
Ĺ֮⣬׵ϴ޷ڸǵŭ⣬ȵ
˲񷣬ȴû˿֮⣬ǿ޲ˣǵ峹ױƿ
ӽ뵽˴ľ磬ڵǿȥֿģΧһ˸ۼɣݻΪһ磬罫֮󣬲˿ķ϶
ҪƿҲҪܳʱ䡣
ߡˣҾ˶ˣЩ壬ǿԴĺˣԴԴϵʽΪ䣬ʥ׵ԴǰռأҿʲôûСеֻһδεĴƴѣͬΪڵķõɣƾʲôҵõľ͸˱΢
ҩĺȵ죬˿˿Ѫ
ҩȴûȥõ뷨ޱȱߵĿһĹ塣
ҩǼǺǧĽˣǧʱ䣬ѾкܶĽǶ໥Ľϣѵ˵ǶŹ
һǿ߱ߵĺ
Ǽ嵱ҵ裬һж˵ģҶٵŮӱռھȻ˼̸飡
Ŀҩм˵
ҩҵڣĺԼõȫֳȣˣң
䡱
Ҳǻʱ̣һѾƿ˲谭
͡
һɺ֮ǻ֣ȼһƬķڲݻ㹻ء
֮Уһɺ˸·ޱһƿɵޣҰ
ȻֻǲĴָС̬ɺ̲صȴ·ǿԽȫĸһ㡣
Եƥ˺صİɱ¾ǧɱĸ֮滺
ˣ
ӵһǱĴȻطǲܵӵ˿ơ
ô£ô£
ӵɫ䣬Ǵﵽ˴ľ֮Ҳ޷ڸסʱеľ
ѾˣҲ˵׵ںһκεһ˶޷ȥᣬڣƺѪһĴڣȻܿˣ
һ̣ӵѾһԼĴ𰸡֮Ѫ
Ǵ֮Ѫ۵Ѫ


1730 
ϵĴƺƵЩϵź嫵Ĳ޿ײ룬뵽ÿһĿռ֮УΪԵ΢֮ˣ»˲䱻ƿѸٵ˺ѡ
ž
һֲڲϾۼۼ˺嫵ѹɵذЧӵɫϵĸıš
ӵĲٻȴû˿ķӦ·һžȴû˿ĸı䡣
һ̣ӵɫ׵ĸıˡ
ǻһѪ߰Ťƺ׳
ôܣôܣѾˣڻļ֮ͳΪ˶֣ΪʲôΪʲôڱȴоⱱۻû
ӵĺ·һֻħŭ
Ѿһ˿ԤУⱱ۵ޱȹ죬ţʵδ䣬ֻ
ΪʲôأƳնԪ򣬵Ϊʲôȴˣض޷κסͨ
Ѫ
Ǳ۵Ѫ
ӶԼ뷨ѾԽĿ϶ˡ
ѵ˵ⱱҪλ
һµ뷨ӵУȻֻһεѪȴӵпʼ˾ӣ
ɫѪŤֻʱѾﵽһʵԵ̬޾ƺƵĿʼľ㹻γһΪΪµС

ڵİͲסеɻȵ
ҡƣ
һչֳ
ӶȭͷƵǳһһʽ·޾ĺһ㣬ľضʼ
Խֲʣɼһ滺ؾۼУ·ʵһ㣬ߡ

һĻŭЩ޾ǿ̬ٲȻһٵӣһ̣ضʼˡ
䡱
һȭɱĲ׵Ŀռ䣬ȥһɼĺɫѺۡ
ˡ
ǴƺǸоӵȻͷųһââʼɢһ޴񸫹Ĵͷ˳
һ񸫣޴ƥŰǧ׵ӣӶ㹻𺳲񷣬ٶȷɿ죬ȻһµѸٵĳӵȭͷ֮͵նɱ
۵Ǵ˵֮У۵ı񸫣
˾ֵĽ
棬ķĿȥ緱ǣÿһŶ˸ΪǿϢ֮пԹճؼΪӶ֮˲ĸоԼĺһļ١
ڵʵ뵽˴ľ磬໥֮У˽ʮ֮ص·̣Ȼоһв
¡¡
һȭĿֱֲӱԷն飬Ϊޡ
ߡ
ȭͷ棬һµѺѸٵĿʼγˣѺĿԿһѪʣȴ޷ڸסеķ;
ʵǴľ磬ȴ۵һ񸫶޷ֿסⱱ۵жôĿֲ
ϣ
ٴε趯춯ص
͡
һѸٵĴб

ã
λǿߵɫ䣬һ°ƷʵΪµǶԷĿ񱩣񱩵ǵصĿʼŰȻͬǿһ㣬Ѹ͵չҵĽһ˵׵˺ѳΪޡ
͡
Ҷ˫Ŀ˿˿âԪ֮ۿٵ˸൱Ŀһν棬һ֮Χǿ꣬ٵȥ
һνıۣ
ҶаԵһĨ䱸һΣ˵УȻֻźڰ˵ǿߣǱ۶չһš
ʵĹµĵʲô
ʣκε˵һδ֪ţԼĶӣͬΪ̳֮˵ıۣΪʲô֣Ҵ̬Լı˴֮УȻ۾ǲҲˡ
ǲΪʲôҪ˵ĶԴԼӣ
һҶ벻ͨҲӿҲ벻ͨģڵȴû뷨ȥ˼ˣӴʱѾˡ
Ļ쵰֮ʹ
ӵ˫Ŀ˿˿â˸֮УǽɫĹâͬâһķﵽ˴ľ磬Ѿ𽥵ĿʼʩչԲһһʽ޲̲仯
֮һźľѧֻһУͬ°ãţϴ֮粻֮ͿʩչһУĽһԪϽһƬ֮У󳹵׵ĻԪ
ˣһѧĿֲǲԶģڵûԼ㾪˵ȴҲ൱Ŀֲˡ

ըףһֻ޴צ˺ٵץס˴
ϣ
ȻӶһƬ񳱰â
âͬǴ޾ӳһɵֿ
ϣ
޴צӵʮ·һɫĳһ㣬ǸӰ˸ѻһӰɽصĽ֮УȻΧĿռĴݲеһ£еĿռ谭޲ǿʼǿ顣
Ҷ岻˸µ߲תʱǿԼʼʱȥʩչӴͿԽǵ飬Ҳ˿ĺۼ
أһΪ˴һΪȡΧһֻצһ񸫣ߵĶԿѾٵĽƻɢȥ
ֻǼʱ䣬Ӻ֮սѾ໥εĶԿ
˿ûвطһѷɢѷ֮Уͷų˿˿ЩһͣǴŵĲȴĺ˼£·һɹޱߵĺһйԼΪֲ
žž
Ҷ챾ˡ
ʱһѺ۵ıԵһֹ쵽˼µĸозɿĳˣⲨޱȿֲ·ǺƵͬ汾ѹƵԼǰһޱ߿ֲѹָУɫʱʼ䡣
ܣ
оֲѹ֮Ҷ̲סĿʼ
Ҷ
Ҷ챩¶Ӱӵɫʱһ䣬﷢ԹĲԭʱҲѾŤĴ֮ɫ
Ӵּ˰
Ҷİ˰˵ȴߣٵĳһһĿ񱼡
ܣ
ӵɢ˼£ȥᣬǳҶɱ˹
ķ
һ̣һɿֲȴѸٳɢȥ
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ޱߵĿֲѸٵĳܵΧѺѸٵѿˣγһ޴ĿӣӴﵽʮ׵ĳȣ·Ƕħһ㡣
ǵеĲȫͷų֮Ѿе˵һ
Сħߡ


1731 
˻
ŭ֮֮ﲻ֮䣬Ŀռһ˲ʱ̣׵ı仯Ϊħһ㡣
ʱǰЩף˵Ķħһ㡣
Ƭϵγ˵һӣÿһƬƬŰƴСȥеıϢȴΪ֮ĺޱȡ
Сħߣ
ӰСħߵӡ
һĻʼһĴܣ˺ѵÿһ޲һ㣬ķϢ
һ̣еɫɷޱȣĶʼеˣֱɫɷף彩ӲվС
СħߣֱСħȺ
һϵϴŻֵ̿ɫԼ
ĳ֣ȴе޲¶˾ɫԹĹâǿ֮ﲢСħߣһλϵ
СħǴ˵֮еĿ֮У൱ĺԨȵȴԪ֮ȴǼʶġ
˵Ǳ˽ģ˵СħһԼϵƬǾ˵ڵѾڷŭˣ㻹ȥǾںƣ⽫ӭһĪֻġ
ǾʥʦֻǵõһСħߣʵѾͻͽˣӵĲҪ˵ǰЩˡ
ڣϣǸӵĿֲЩСħߵҪڶʮĵزϣ໥ĲУѪ̬βĴľͿԽӲĿռ
һ㣬ȻǿĸӵĻ̿
Ļ쵰
ӺݺݵؿһѾŴĹԵĻǺҪѾĸһƵ
κΣȴһûᡣ
ˣţһȻĲҪʹܣĻĽġ
˻
˵ģСħѾˡ
ʵϣտʼ˵ʱ򣬱ѾԤʾսĿʼ޲ǿʼһ¶ɭȻɱ⣬Ǵ˵ʵˣһԼͬ飬Ҫҧĳ嶯ˡ
ðеĵ𣿸ҪһȺһﰡ
Сħ߰Сħ߰
һСħߣеҲǿȥֿģӵĲҪ˵ǶʮˣЩСħߣÿһ޴ޱȣӦǧ׵ĳ̶ϣǻмﵽ׵ĳ̶ȣȥ·һħһ㣬һޱȻĸо
Ҷ춼ЩͷƤˡ
Щһ֮СħߣӦѾﵽ˳ˣȥĻڣǾָһʵҲѾﵽ˴ľˡ

ֱӵĳ׷ѰҶȻĻӶԼȭͷ
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ǹϵĲҽʱﻹȥһֱӵĿʼԱˡ
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ɫ䣬ǿݵļʱѾ۳Ϊ˵״̬ǲ壬Ǻµ˼ޡ
屬ʷǰ˵ҲѾﵽ˰벽ľ磬һΣӽԼټǿߣȫټ˹
˰벽ǿҲеġ
ֻǧ׳СħߣȻûдﵽڣʵ;ҲͶԷ˶٣ʱСħߵһŭ𣬶Էʱɢ˳ȥ
飡
Ӵĺɱ˹ȥ
һǿ̲һλȻԷƿ֡
ǹϽס¶˿˿ϲκΣЦݻû¶ǽٺı黹ûȫɢһ֮УСħֱӵٴŭһѸٵſԼ͡
˻
һ֮󣬶Է屻ֱҧסˡ
꣡
ëȻ˳һ̣еһ
˻𡭡
ĺ֮УѪ·Ѫһ㣬ӿ˳ȥ
˵ϴ޷ڸǵ֮ɫǵ˼£Լ޷ʩչˡ
ң
ӵɫ쳣ĺ뽫ǹһƵȴҪڣСħǴԼ񸫶ԿѺ֮гֵģҲĪΡ
䡱
ۻȭ
޴Ľɫ޼᲻ݣʱСħߵץס
֮޾ɱ
ѸٵĵһƬ籩
͡
ӵһŭı󣬴ۻҲʼ֣޴漴ٴץסһСħߣȻ˺ȥ
͡
Ѫ裬ʱΧѪͬһĵ
ϣ
񸫴ʱǴļӳ֮£ȻһιĴ֮ѪٵļȡΧСħߵѪ⡣
ɢҫ۵â
ȻѾڼˣ˵̬ӵɫޱȣǿԵˮˡ
޳ܣ޳ܰ쵰ԵĻӶҪֱѹ񸫡
κεǣʱҪԼ£ĻЩСħ߿ͽԼ³׵ȥ
ԾⲻСħߣ
Ҷһ㶡
ӵֶΣҶһ㶡
СħߣҶȻûмģٻǼʥʦʩչԷ֮УŻдСħߣһ˿Ļ֮ûУȫĿԱӸ˺ѵ
ӵǿȻǲɺӵģǸԭȴΪСħߵƺ̫˵㡣
֮أ
Ҷ΢΢һ̲סĽ
͡
ʩչצ廯һ㣬Ƶÿһ֮޲ǱޱǿĲⲨֲǷ˲һԵֿ
׵ֶΣȻǲ׵ֶΰǲʵĺˣû뵽ԴǱ֮󣬾Ȼһţʣ㻹֮İôĿ£
һͻȻĴݳ
֮УһŻϢ·һֻѼԼĶߣԱŴǧٱ̬˵һ
˭
ӵɫһѣϴ˿˿Ѫϲˬ쳣ĿΧسȵ
С㾹ȻҶԱ˷ѵ˵û˸˵Դ˵Ҫһǰߺߣܵģ
˵䣬һҵٵıŷһСħΧѸٵγһ
һӰۣ˾㵵֮УӰؿڣ
ϧҵЩСǻʵСħߣȻ˵ԭʱѾĲˣǴ൱ѵģֻû뵽ת˲֮䣬㱻ϵϧϧۣôõʱˣѵ𣿡
Է쳹
⻰֮еȴڳһľ㵡


1732 
ۣ
ڳǿǿеסϵľʹϴŻ֮̿ɫһӰ
ӰرΧЩСħߣԵѾڿʼ
ҶѾԿ϶ˣһӰҲٻĲˣµĿҲֻԭһѣ˿ԼȴԿ൱ԼļԪ֮۵ǰһӰ޷ӣԷֻԴͰżģһЩطֻʣɭȻİ׹ˣǾ׹ǣҲѰ˵Ҫֲ
۳Ļ֮㹻˾
ǻ֮֮УΪֲΪµˡ
ȻڵҶҲûʱȥ²ڵֻǽԼעһȥ
ֻӰһѱ˵ǰ
һһۿȥԸеԷĿº䡣
һ۾·ΪĵһԴϹһ˵۾ˡ
СħΧƲֻȴ޾ѹ
ۣ
ӵһƺޱȵľһ㣬ǴڵλϿ˹ȥ
ˣû뵽㾹Ȼû
һ˰ԵѪĲĴǴ֮ͷ˳
һɿľֻת˲ֻգ۵ĻᶼûУ˵ǰѾһİӰ
ۣɫ˫Ŀ˸ϣǱâΪֲı˪һ㹻סһУǲСĺͶԷһۣԸоһ֮£·ԼһܶȻ޴档
һӣеˣҶ춼ʼסˡ
˵ӣ̬ԭһ𱱼Ӱģ˭
㶼ûΪʲôҪۣ㣬Ҳ뵽ɣ˱ȻûñȥĹõʮСħߵӴĻ֮ûññøǿˣֻҪǱԸ⣬ʱĶͻԭ
Ц
飬ǹ̶ѣôʱˣѵ˵㻹ûп͸𣿡
۵˵
Ǳ촽˵䣬ޱȵĮȴ㹻ûŭɿķ
ƨ̣ȥḶ́ôǿߣ˵õŵԲûж֣෴ǣô˵ӣΪֻǵõĹ֮еı
ڻͱ̸ʲộۣʸ㻹޳ܵ˼ް
ƺԽķŭϵֲŭڲȼգϵɢǽΧĿռʮķΧ
ֻһŭȴԴﵽҶ춼̲סһ
군ˣôĿϹûһ֮
ǻǱۣ֮ǴĻǶΪ˲ʵĹ֮ôõʱˣһֱԼڲų֣žԵİյģ
ɴֶ߲Σκεһ߶ϵģΪ̫ˣҲδػʹɱֵģ
Сĳźⲽ
ƺںʲô
۵˼ֲ̫ˣب֮¶Լ
ǴеĴõ棬ΪĿ¾гһܹȻ󼤷Ӷٴεѡ
˵죬ҲԼ
ţȻ뵽һ㡣
ĺ˿Ҳ㺦ۣ㻹ǲϲ
ߡ
ۿһӣƺǶڶԷķӦҲǲ˵
㾹Ȼµĺˡû뵽ôʱˣԭǿȥޱСҵһȻΪ˲ʳͳ
´ۡʲôʸ˵ҵڣ
ӵı쳣
ȻҲǲʳͳǵĻʳ֧ҲкܶģԷ֮е±ӵֱϵڣ´ۣ´Ϊʺ񣬵ȴʺϳΪ˵Ǳ۶´Ȼмһˡ

һŭ
ʱӵһĲŷŭ֮еıۣԲǧķΧ·ƾճһ̫Ŵɽһ㣬ѹƵ֮ϣɿֲĲоĲԼǰӿ
ϵĵƹȻĲҶҲ̲סʩչԼսѪͳڲϵֿԷ
жⱱ۵ʵҲԽľ
بŵǿߺڵǿ֮䣬ྐྵȻ˵ԣǱ۵һŭǲҪĤݵ뷨
䡱
һ޴Ĵۻӵͷ˳
ɫǲϱۣȻ˵Ҳ֮һ뵽ԼȻƣӵбޱȵĲ
ɺ嫵ĵ֮ϵĿֲ֮еһѺۡ
죬磬ʵﵽ˴ľ磬ϵƺѾ뵽һ޷ĵزһһݻıԴ֮ʱʩչ֮ȻҲǷǱѰ
ȻѾԼĵ֮ҿʼ𽥵ת㾹ȻҪµĿһʳĵͳĻһֲѵ˵Ѿɢˣ
۵ɫ΢䣬Ȼһ۱㿴ˣеȻֻǲ²⣬ȴҲ²⵽˰˾Ųʮ˿ֲ˼άʽҶ춼Ҫʰ·磬ѹⱱ۱ΪΪʸɾͲʳͳ̳ߡ
ǻۣҶƽŶԷҲֻܹѡȥû˿ԶԿĿܡ
䡭
ƺƵȻıŷ
һĻ֮ٵֹȥĳǱۿʼ
󽣣
һŭ𣬷Բʮ֮УƾճըײϣһȦȦѺͬŭһ㣬ֲĲǵùǿ
㾹ȻҪԱ۳֣
ʮ۵ϴŷķŭ֮ɫĺȵ
ٻһ֣㽫֮Ưס
ˣ
񸫣һâ֡
ʱռÿεƵʿʼ
һ׵ĳѸٵѿ
䣡
޴ɿ쳹߶ǹϵĴڣһһʽ֮Ϊǿȥ򵥵ײʵȴɷһ֡
˵Ѫˣڵıõ˲ʵѪ̳ߣſںӲܹñΪǿ˻֮İһ¥ۣһòҪ£
ϣ
䣡
󽣺ǸӰ໥֮ѾײΣڴΡ
ÿһεײľ޴㹻Ĳصľ޴ը
һ̣ӻҶ죬޷뵽̶ȵս֮С


1733 ӵƣ
СӣҪʵӡǣԵĲø㣬˵㻰Ļõĺôָһ룬ұۻҵϺõ
۵ľ޸ȥǧף趯ȴ·û˿һ㣬һһʽ޲ԵƮݷǷ
ߴʱսѾɢ˷Բ֮صķΧ
ѣڣ˾ǿһ˿ᱻɿֲӴ顣
ȥɱۣ㵱Ϊɵ𣿱ͬĽ飬ڵõ˱֮һɱıǱǲҪȵõ֮ͻᷭԼӵĹض㷭ˣʣ쵰ʲô
ش𱱼۵һĻ֮
֮Ϊֲ֮һҾЩϺ֮У֮Ƕ֮еĶˡ
ϵйĿֲҪˮⰵľס
Ȼû˾ˣǲȴҲڵıۿڶʱ֮ڱġ
ۻȭ׵ն
ƺҲʩչۻȭֿٵƿ񸫣һǧ׵ĺۼЩۼϸϸĿȥȻͬһ㣬ȴӡڽС
˸ϣԽΪ֮ڡ
̬Ϊ֮ľ
Ҷ쿴ĿȴԼڿĲʳǿߵķΧ֮С
ȻʱǿҲûʱֵ뷨ˣڻǽԼҪŵبŵǿϡ
Ӷ߲ĿֲĿʼ֮⡣
䣡
ٴεĳ֣Ŀֲ·ҪϵĹ׵һ㡣
ϵĲĹȥûаʮķΧǹǣڲĿռȴ·޾޴һ㣬߲ײķΧһ˵ĵزûа취ȥͻĹİ
͡
ٴεĽ֣ƺ໥֮Ѿ˱˴˵룬ȻıͣЪ
֮ϣӰվ
һ죬Ѫɷ֮·ҪֲֿɱȻûȫıǲĿֲȴѾ㹻Ϊ֮ˡ
Ǳ۵
ԷȻΪۣǳǽڲʴµѧ⣬ȻûһϢԴⲻʵģǿʶǰһȷȷǲʵѪǻһԼ֮û˿Ĺϵ
Էıûдۻеֻһֳ񸫵ľ޴ӰһӰޱߵѪվھ֮ϣͬħһ㣬쳣
ôĿֲ
ţħ崫˵
Ҷû˵ǶһĻȴҲ൱Ͽˣߵĳֱ֣ӵڳˣÿһ޲¶˾ɫ
ǱۣһۻȭǿԸǹ񷣬ӵĴۻȭĿֲ
Էһɵȭⶼ򲻳
ѪɫĲͷţĻȴҲʾھ֮ϻƣӰֵĶ֮ϣһ̣ǻ֮ıȻ˵嶼ʼΧ޷ݣ֮󣬻綼޷ڸǵķâ֮£һԿֲ˫Ŀ
һޱȿֲ˫Ŀ
ϬˣǱŨŨĻ֮ڸǶ޷ڸסֲâ
âһۿȥԼҪϵҪңԺһƬĻңͬ뵽֮С
о˷Ҷһ㣬ȫĿԶϾһ˵˼ά
ˡ
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ӵ˫Ŀ˿˿âȻĿҶ졣
оԹҶһԷ֮УԲ⣬һаıϢ
ã
һҲһޱȵĴڣҶǲҴԷаԵһݡ
λְɣ
ȻĽ

Ǳķһ
۾ĳҶ쿴˹ȥ֮УĹâȴڵֿϵƣ߶ȥ˺ӣȻһﻹˣ˻س˾ųɾŵĲ
λһƺǴҰȥⲻʵĹһǴҪõҵĻƺǾͿԽԼں˰ɣ
ص˵ͷ
ȻǲʵѪ̳ߣǱҲί㣬СӣԵĹ׳Լ𣿱ۣǱõСӵȴҲɵĿ԰ģϾѪǲ仯ġ
һ˵Ǳɫһȴûзֻӵɫȴһжڻ˸Ѫͷ
ʿûд뷨ʵҪ
ɫһʱһεѹ̫ŵħһ㣬Ѹٵĳѹ
ղŻǱѹƣٴεıѹƣƵĲѪȻĳҶ쿴һۣ˵
㲻ҪȱʣǲøģһѹƣűʻԱģʱҴһɢ
ĳⱱѾڻ˵Щ⶯ʱ˵һͼвߣҶȴͿʼѾоˣӴ˷۾ԲѪѾݺԼ
ңȻûа취㣬ȴԸһõ
Ҳ
ҶһŭѾٵ˸
Сӵҵӵʺ㣡
ҶĽ̤߲ѾǱۺͻע⡣
첻𾳵۷壿ֻǲѣȻ˵ϢһҪˣ
Ҷһ˲䣬˫ĿȻļµâһֻѸٵĳҶ쿪ʼ˹ȥ
Сӣȥ
ͬըһ㣬һֻ޴Ļ֮ͬǷһ㣬ޱ֮еһ𵴡
ˣҫκε˶жһҫһ֮Ȼ㷴ڱ𣿡
һֹĲ·ڴҶһ㡣
ȥõҫ㲻ҪǾͺúõ棡
䡱
һֻȻץסҶٵİΧ˹ȥĴĽ˻
ӵϴ˿˿ЦƺǶԼޱȵĵ⣬Ǿһ̣һɿֲϢȴȻеˣɫı仯


1734 ̫
¡¡
һɺ嫵֮֮ϽҶűϢͷţ
ӡۡǲΪǿǾһİɣ
˲ҲˣҶһصԭ򣬵ȴҶã෴ǣѡȥñˣͷ·һֻһ㣬㲻ȥңȻĲѡ֣һҹȥȻĲù
һֱѹԼľ磬ΪıǷֹ޳ܵļһȻӵҪԼȥ
ҶƲϵһ·߸裬ƶѾ˴첻𾳵۷壬Ŵ̫žϢ
ϵʱӦһ޴ĹȻǲģȴҲɷϵǣǳ涴Ͷģλ֮УȻĶҶϵı仯ӵС
ҶĽһޱȿֲģͻƲ𾳵ʱĴѱһĿֲһȺɱĸǿߡ
һ̣뵽˴̫žĽѽÿֲٱǧֹ
ȻǱһֲֻĴֽУҶȴһ㣬ʵԵĲһɿµѹָС
ҶȻǴסֻһԴ¶ȥƺǱĺܣʵϱĲȴûͱ۶Ϊ֮ݡ
ǵﵽһ£ȻΪ¶ûлָȫʢʱڣʶȴκεһ˶޷ģֻǰҶֲϢȴǴδġ
޷һССĴ첻𾳵СΪʲôϢȻﵽ˾˵ĳ̶ȡ
Ҷ建رģֲֿϢȴ˲ϢĴݵߴķ׶˷𣬾ʮ޲
ճ˿˿ĹѣƺǱÿʼҡҷ
ǿ޲ɫǺεȵϢһ֮ô˱̬ƺͱ仯
ȣ
ҶŭһƳȻһֳ޷ƥе̬Ȼޱȵվ֮ϣ쳹Ȼ˻ľ޴֮֡
վУǷ·һаĲǳ£ɽӰʼ
Ǵ١һڶɽ٣ģһĽΪʲô˵ľˣӦֻǴ̫žĽѶѰǱ۵Ľѳ˳ˣǺһȽҲ֮ͣ˵ʲô
۵ǿһƬȻţ֮Ƚ϶޷ԱȣĻڳвһֹŹֵĸо
ǻôõȻֻڳ˯ѣȴҲڴ֮֮ϵԼĶֱҪƿҲףҶȴԼĻ֣֮ԵĲǼ򵥵ֶΣ
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׵磡
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׵
Ӱ׵֮ߡ
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оԼЩɳˣȻ޾׺ԻɱǾҲЩëġ
Ͼڵһͻ֮Ľϣܹ֮ļԦԲŻҪԼ
ⱱҲƵĺܣȥȻޱȵǿ󣬵ʵҲ൱۵ҲܵشԼ뵽һαѪ֮УĽע˴ڲΨм˴ſѣҲʧĲˡ
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һĶ£ĺ
ʱڿӵ֮ҲѾʼЩ
ѾģǸһεȿµĹﰡȻ˵ȷʵҶӵҲ
Ҳ˵̬ǻô£ɲҪʱ
ǿĿɿڴ֮УҶԦһ޴׵ǺӣȻĴ
áˣ뿪Ӱ
ȻĿҶֻ
ٺٺ١ӣ˭ȥҵֿѣ
ѩɫݷ˿˿ĹâʯЦȥεȵĴȱ⻰ȴҪ˵뷨ˡ
Ҷң
֪ҶĴ㣬Ѿķѹ˾粻ȥȴĿ¾ᣬҪ˵ˣǱ۵ɫޱѿǵֿ׽ٵĻҲҪܵС˺ģ
ҶЦ޾׵磬סԼٵļԦ߲ʼ񱼡
ٶȷɿ죬֮ǲʳǿǡ
ʱһƬǺĺ˳
ЩϵǿǣսĺǣΪǿҲֻǰ벽ľѣ˾˵£ȴҲɱ֤ԼԲ˵ġ
ˣӣһ첻۷ǿߣԦ׷ɱһбҪǿʮٱǿĹǿǡ
һƬ׵ӣϵŰһŶʱըɹû˵ȥǵġ
ѿǲˣ˭ǳֵĻԻᱻԷ׽ĺɱġ
ܲˣҶҪɱ㣡
һϵսһ޴ĳҶȥ
ٺٺ١ð
Ҷ﷢ëȻЦ
岻˷ֱӭȥ
䣡
ȻģҶ챳׽Ѹٵķֳһʮ״ϸ׵磬ݺݵسŶԷϲ˹ȥ
䣡
һ޴ı֡
ʱǸղųֵļһֱӱҶ׵ɱΪ˺ɫķĩ
У
ӵǺεȵ
ԷҲҶնģȻĲȥ֣һŶʱը˭Ǵһ£ֻ·һ
޲ʼҶ죬ѾĽҪҪôǿ󰡣˶ʼӲԹ޵뷨Լ׳Լ𣿷̬
λ磬㲻Ҫ߰
壬ҰɣҪߵô죬Ҹϰ
Ӵλү𣿡
ˣ磬æɣɣһȭһȭ
Ҷϵĳ֣˵һĺߡ
ܲˣ
ڵܲסˣ֡
䡱
ת˲ѣ˵ٴεıɱΪ˺ɫķĩ
ңңĴǷ
˰ôأԺҪעⰡ


1735 
һλɣҸһ£
Ҳ㵽ûеʹһ¶𣿡
ҶϵĴôôأ
˵ǽһŭ
ǵУÿһλǶǿߣÿһ޲սԺգһ𼶵Ǻйս
ôҪˣ
ڵˣҶ죬ѾĲ޳ܣҳĲҪ⻹ôǿҶ첻Ǽߣ׷׵Ķ㿪
ѾƵǺεȵǸһֻӲòֵĸоƢٺãٺõˣҶҲ̲סġ
ǺϵĶȹѲ󷨵ģǿְ߳æģȴûм˵޳֮
ҪѾҪ
ǿϴʱ쳣һҪҧ˵ĳ嶯ѾôôǷأ
Сӡ̫ˣ
һС˵ŵƣʱ˻һĲɫ֮ΧסΧ޷κһ˿һ
ΧСħߵٵչֻ˲䣬ѾҶΧ֮С
֣֮
֮ݻ֮Ϊһһ֮䶼Ÿıԭǿڵõ˻֮֮󣬸ӵĿʼıĸ
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Ҷɫ䣬һҪ̫ˣھǽڴٵҲ޷ͶԷԿҲû΢΢ĵӼֶѡ
̡
ָָָ΢һѸٵ䡣
ҪҾͳȫ㣡
ҶƲڶԷ֪ǰһһѿеĹͷҲҪһҧϣ
Ҷڵ̬ɫ΢һĻңʵˣļʶǳ˿󵽵ġ
ȴϧԼ
Խ֮Խϧ
ڣ֪ԼһˣôŬ׷ѵġ
ŭһĻֵ֮ʱһһĳҶ콵ѹţ¡¡ĳҶɱȥ
Ҷ˿Ĳ壬ָȭȻ仯Լʽһ׽٣ֲ׵֮һȭ˾޴ıǻ֮Ѹٵı˺ѵˡ
׵Ҳ˻֮У˺˻֮ԺҲѸٵɢ˺ܶ࣬Ҷȴûɨˣٴε̤գĳ֡
̤߲ľˣһһ˻ǰֻһȭȴˣľˣ׵ӣǻû뵽ҶȻ˵Ŀֲ
𡭡СǱûλɵϣһָͿѹΣ
о˶Դ棬ǽһưľ硢ʵ飬һеһУ޲Ҷ֮ϣȴСѹŴεĸʣεĲư
ֻܹһУ
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䣬ǻĶȴǷ̡
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ħһŹ϶µľѧԭСħߵĴоѧõ֮󣬺ʹãΪ̫󣬵ڲʩչһΡ
ѧȻͬ죬һСħߣһɫһ㣬֮ȻĲռ䣬Ҷ׵İΧڲ
ħ߿裬³ΪֲĻ֮֮Ҳɱ֮ǵ֮У֮ռıԴڲ㶼׵ĸʴˡ
ҶһΣˣ
ӵϴԹģĿҶ屻Сħ߰ΧסвĲһֳĸо
ܿȴ뵽ˣҶ군ˣҲѱסģʱǻ˵Ϊļ֮壿
뵽ӵĶʱٴοʼԼһΪҶ뷨
óѣ
ҶȻĴݳ·Ǿ֮ϵһ㣬ŭ֮ȻˮһƬ
ʲô
ɫ䣬Ȼ̧ͷȥ
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һĹγɣǹ֮ķ˸Ϊϵķģ̵ĺۼؼΪԭʼķʽӡеġ
֮У޲Ӵķģÿһһ־Ķǵĸоôһ𣬲ѹƸоǿҡ
䡱
۵ٵĳ֡
ǴѾʱתȻ޷ﵽȫʢʱڣȴҲղҪǿ٣Ǿ޴ͷųӴѹ
һĵʲôѧ˵ĽѾǽ뵽˴ľҲû˵Ŀֲһһһ̬Ŀˣ
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ˡ
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䡢·һɽϵĽ٣ЩǿǣһУ˲仯⡣
֣һѹ
ƺǸоʲôһ㣬һ˫Ŀ֮˸˾ɫ
ǡ
ɫҲʼһ䣬¶޷ŵɫ֮ϣһĹϴʼɡ
Щ֮УһӰ֣µ棬·ʱĶԱ
һ٣
ڵĻĺ
䡱
ޱߵͷ˳
֮УһٶĹϴѸٵıһλӰĳ֣ľˡ
֮Ϊ֮һ㡣
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䡱
һŸԲĺɱҶ档
ǵĿȷҶӦ֮ˣҶ棬ȫıһСħΧҪնɱΧסСħߡ

ޱȣǽֱҪ޵ļޣϴ޷ڸǵ𾪺ͱ֮ɫСħ߿ӣ²Ŵںϳġ
ֻһٵٵ˶ԷСħ֮˲ıͬѩɽ緢Ļɽҽһ㣬ٵڻ
ۡ
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۵аԵһϲȴҴ⣬ĺȵ
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

ҶоԼĺһļ٣ϱĵطԽԽ࣬Ȼ֮䣬Ǿ޴Ҳ漴
򣡡
˫Ŀâüٴεһ
֮ì


1736 նɱң
Ϣڹŭڣһ̣һʼضҡζһ޴ͷ·֧صͨһ㣬ıı
ķ˸Щģÿһ˺صǿһ۶˲һڸǵΰ󲨶
һ٣ţܹʸɵĽѣب֮Уǿ߻ѡ
ÿһεĳ֣ûжȹȥʷΪ֮Ĥݡ
ѹѹϢתڷڣ˵޲һϢ

ҶʩչԼΪµɱ֮һ˲ĽǱ۵򣬾ֻ꣬ᱻ˲Ķסеĸй٣ۺεȵǿ󣬾ûлָûа취ﵽɵľ磬ȴҲҶҪǿ̫̫ˡ
κΣҶĶ̫ˣ쵽һּ£Ǹһ˿Ӧʱ䶼ûֱӵĸȥ
ٳ׵ıᡣ
֮ì
ҶȻĲ˷ʱ䣬ʱѾʼˡžΪʱڿ֮ϣһ֮ͷųӴϮ
棬ƤѪʣһʱ֮䶼Ҫ޷ڸʹĲҽ
Ҷ־һδεľ֮УϵĴģκεһ˶޷ȥҶԱȣڵҶȴ޷ڸסϵʹ࣬ŭ
ҵʹҶоӿһֻ֣Ѹٵʩչ֮ͨìʱ
֮ìǡľѧ֮һԨħ޷ס֮ìʱҶʩչնʱĲ˿˿ڲϲҡҷ
ã
סıаԵĽȴûа취ȥ
͡
飡
֮ì˿˿Ľɫģ貵Ĺ⻪ͬһһݺݵض˻塣

ԭʧȥСħߵ֧֣ûԭͨԭʮ֮һӵУٴεıҶƿأֲͨ޷ݵĹѧǵص޷סֱӱҶһǻ֮ì׵ĶԼ塣
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ԴǶʮСħߣʱʧȥСħߵڼӳ֣ûԭİԵʱʩչͨҲȫǽԼӴ֮ɵġ
һʩչС֣󣬿»᳹׵ɢģǵʱ򣬾ǻȥʩչҲûѡˡ
ȣ
һŭ⣬𵴣ʹ÷ԲǧķΧʼݣγһĺۼһλλʳǿǣĲҽҶͶԷսѾΧǸ޷ȥֿס˿ֲ
ģСȻ˿µʲôͨҷѾ˼еһָԼǻô£Ϊʲôе
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ҫ˸ƶҪǿոˣɢѹķ˼һޱȾ˺Ϳֲ
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Щ޴Ӱÿһǧ׵ӣݣ֮ݲ췭ظǵģ˵޾㲻ȥĽǣǾͺǳ׵ʧ
ۡ
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ԼϵѪӵڲȻޱȵĲһ޷ȥĸо
ҶΪʲôΪʲôһ˵ĸоⲻܣҵʵȥֿģΪʲôˣ
Ļ쵰֮Ҵ籩
о֮ϵһɿֲϢۿǾ޴ӰĽӡҪӡԼϵʱ̣ʱȻŭһɢһɾ춯صϢ
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ܵ޷ڸǵĴˣ飬Ϊľ֮ڼӳ֣ˣǼˣٴεܵ˿µѹҲ̲סһڿڵѪ
ǻܵ˿µĽȻûҶоǿߵĿֲǿԽΪһ־
䡱
һ޴ķ籩ݻ
籩Ȼﵽ׵ĸ߶ȣһ޴Ӱ籩Χ˲Ŀʼҡεӣ˸Ȼҡҡ׹˷ɢϢ
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һֻͬһ㣬ݺݵӡҶǰ

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˿̣Ҷھ˴ٵĺɱ֮ܵشεܹסԷһУʱĴţѪоһ
㲻Ǻܿ𣿱Ҫ㵽жôĿֲ
˫ֱסҶ˫ۡ

ҵ׵ŭˣɱŷ˼£Ǵ㽫Ҷնɱط

ڶ߻죬Ҷϻ߿ʼʹ̲סĽҪг̫ʹˡ
һ޴ӰѾֻ̤ҪһΣԻġ
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˾㵵֮Уǻ徹ȻȻһıˡ


1737 ۡˣ
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ۡ
һ޸ĳҶһֱֻնȥ
Сģ
ţħͼŰ˲ͼ֮п񱼶ڿʼʱҶѾŰ˲ͼεƿʱ޷г֡
͡
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һ˺֮Ҷ﷢һ޷ĺ˻һֻܵشͻһ㣬һͿֲĲܴﵽ˼¡

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ⱱ۴ʱƺǳ˼һ㣬Ҷ춼̲סһʾޱȳԾ
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Ҷüͷ΢֮Уǰıۣ˫Ŀޱȱ䣬ڿԼĶϱ֮еѾͨһɺ˳
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ҶŭһϵƾȻĿʼָһ˺ڻָı仯Ϊԭ̬ԭӸӵĿֲ
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ǿƴʱѾͨ棬оҶƺҲʼŭ

棡
ޱߵ棡
һ̣ض·Ⱦһ㣬ӿٴεһ䣬Ȼ仯Ϊ˻ƽɫ
һ޴Ļƽվ˫ֱһ˭ȴ·ǿһһ
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֮꣬׵֮֮Ϊĺ£Ҳˮ׼ˣµĴڣȴҲ˿Ķġ
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˫ĿһĵҶ죬̬ӣ޲õҪֱӵĳҶȴˡ
൱ĿģĲԴ֮Դȸ֮ͿӵˣڲҪ˵ǻǻȥ꣬˿ʹ࣬෴оޱȵˬġ

Ҷ޾Ļ棬ʩչ

֮ɿʩչͨһȭƿ˲񷣬Ǧӿޱ濪ʼͷţЩźɫľ棬ϵ棬Ű׳ɫ𡭡ںһȫĳҶǱۿʼֹȥ
䡱
٣
ռ٣߲Ƽӳ֣
Ҷ콫ԼܹʩչȫʩչԼϣӳֵٶȺԣⶼκεһܹ󵽵ġ

һȭ˾ȭͰӡȭĺںϣһö̫ӡһ㣬һϵ޾֮ʼȡš
оԼһ·ҶɫҲԽ
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⵽˭Ĵ٣
ǽһŭԵĻĺˣҶĴ٣ƺǳΪڴҶ֧ѣҶ췴ڳԼ֣ҪôĹжôĹ죬ñĸо

Ҷȭͷݺݵػ˱۵壬ı֮ʱڳǿǶ
Ǳۣبŵһۣ˲֮⣬ΪԵĵۻʰǾһǿߣôܾͱһûдﵽ̫žСأ
ΰɣ
ǿ޲㻬뷨
飡
ٴεһȭ
һȭĽʵʵģҶεȵĿֲÿεⱱ۽ҪֵʱҶǻŶԷؼʱ̽һ棬ʹŶԷ޷֡
͡
ڵı۵˸ȻһۻȭҶ壬˲Ҷʼ䡣

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һŭ𣬾Ȼ˲ľˣ˾㵵ı֮УѸٵĳ֣˺ٵĿռڲ㣬ʧԶ
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Ӷ̲סĵɴԼ˫ĿڻָĿռڲ㡣
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ҶҲɵˣû뵽۾Ȼ˵޳ܣ֮ϣһӰڳԼɢ˿˿ϣʱĿЦ
ꡭʲô
̲סд
漴ȴһûˡħ顢ȭӰȵȵɱԼϡ


1738 Ȼ㣿
飡
䣡
췭ظڣռݡ
һδε޲һֻصЧһδεı֮УԲǧĿռѾҪˣⲻʵĹ޾ڰΧػǴʱȴҲƺһƣĸоҡҡ׹̬Ϊ֮ľ
֮ϣ޾ĽѻڳһߵĽѳˡ
ʱ֮УһģӰޱߵ֮С
Ӱǣҡҡ׹ͬһλ˼һ㣬һ׳նԸоĳѾΪؼʱˡ
ۣǸô죿ȥɱõĻᣬǲȥ֣һɹĶɽٵĻǸӵɱˣ
һսĺ̲סĶ˵
ӵ˫Ŀ˿˿ŭ⣬ޱȵĿһһɱǻԵĻĺ뽫׳ոһƵ
ɱôĽѣһﻹûѻڳϢѾޱ΢ˣȥɱΪֵѣ̫žܹΣһʵˣԱʵ㹻նɱѳֵʱȴǾȻֵܹġ
ǿǿһ㯵ӣеĻǾͲһ
Ѿû۶Ѿŵʱȥ̬ںʹٶԿӾǰ׳գȴҲ֪Լʵ𱱼˵Ҳ֮һĲ࣬ԼεܹǶԷĶ֣
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һߵĴٳ֮ΧĿռ侹Ȼһ첨ǷƵ·һжѾȥһ㡣
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ڣƾεȥѰȴ޷ʱҶ쵽ʲô̬
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κεһ˶޷ȥĦԷ
ƯҶʱǽһҲ̶ã֮ϣѪģһõļⶼûУǹѣԿǱļ棬Կ谵ޱȣ·ǼϨɫһ㣬ûйһ谵ĺܡ
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Ҷܶ࣬һĿֲκεһ˶޷󵽵ģֲѾﵽһ¡
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ڴʱҶ΢΢һоԼڷ·ǻΪϢϢϾͬһ㡣
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ҶҲԼķʽʱϾ˼£һδεĴ֮û˿ʣת֮ҫٵںһ֮

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ϵѪһ䶯һ¶ǹļ
͡
Ҷ˫Ŀһ˿ââףͬԼ˫Ŀһ㣬ͷųĲﵽ˿ֲޱȵĳ̶ϡ

һȻĳҶıҶƺǱŵһ㣬ȴû˿ĸı䣬Ϸ¶˿˿ĺ⡣
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˭ҲûпҶѾԽĹֻﻹڴڵĿţǰ֮ˡ
ʥӡʥӣû뵽㾹Ȼһֱ
Ҷش˳


1739 µʥӣ
ʥӡ
ӵ¶˿˿ļɵ֮ɫûн뵽ľ磬ԶʥӵҲûжٵ˽⣬ڽ˴ľ֮תһͨ棬㣬Ͷ֮䣬޲ǿϻԼ۲϶˳
˫ĿҲܵѪϵĴ̼ʼ뵽һľأڿʥӵʱҲһ˿Ȼ
Ĺ۲죬ȴĵ𶯱øԡ
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һֱӣЩ޷һеĳˡ
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ʱʥӣһƵ̬վ֮Уͷ·һһû˿İȻ֮ˣȴһ񽣰ķâ¶У
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ʥӣ
Ҷﻺس˵
ı鿴ȥǵȻʵȴһֳ޷󵽵Ŀ񱩡
ڿʼ뵽ⲻĹʱѾоˣһɵĲڿʼʱǹ޷ĺڰϢһۡ
Ȼʥǳˡ
ֻû뵽ʥӵȻص˿ֲȻﵽ˴ľ磬ǱӻҪǿȴڸһµ֮ˡ
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ӵһʵĲ
ڣʵĹκεһ˶ûʸ뵽е˶Ȩ̳вʵĴУȴһĲɵˣӵǽһư
ʥӵ飬Ҫͣңһαʥӵĳ֣ΪνĴУССĲʳʥӻϣǰΪ
͡
ָһεĽ⣬˲Ҷ壬ͬһһɿֲɭȻϢѸٵҶϵĺë˲ָоͷ·ǱһĶڿԼһ㣬ѹʮ㡣
СӡʥлҪ㣬õĸʥʵʵĻش𣬷Ļˣ
ʥûɫЩѿӣҶ쵭˵
ʥڵʥӣǴ֮ӱǿߡšСŵķ֣ҩؼʯǮȵȵıͬඥһ㣬ʹã㻷£ʥεĻС
վ̫֮һ㣬ɢҫѾ׵Ľѹȥ
ߣǴۣ
һϾȻ̲źڰ˵Ϣѵ˵ڰ˵Դͷʵϱڲɣ̫ܵģڵĵޱȵǿܹ࿹ҲֻЩ϶šˣڰ˵ȻֲȴҲ޷ﵽȻĵز
Ҷû˵ֻаԵ˼š
ߡСӣʥ㻰أ
ʥû뵽Ҷ쾹ȻվľȻĿԼ˫Ŀȴû˿ĲȫӵԼ
Ȼӿ൱˷ܣͬʱȴڰԵһּʺͷ
ĪŮˣûʵԵĹϵǱȴԼŮˣԼĵۺκһתȴҶˡ
Լʵ죬ﵽ˴Ĳླ磬κεһ˶޷ȥСģϵǿ֮УĴҲǲ࣬κΣԼƺҶǰǱߡ
εܹȥ
Ļ쵰
ӰԵԼȭͷ
ҲлҪ㣡
Ҷ쿴ʥӣﻺؿ˵
˫Ŀ˿˿ĺ⣬ɺ˸ԼİŮ˷ֿԼ˷ֿһеһУ޲Ϊڰɵģεܹ
Ҷ˫Ŀâ̬ʥӵжʱŭȼ
£
䡭
һɴ·ħһ㣬ݺݵسҶѹž죬ԼҶüһԹ϶صķģͬһֻبŵ۾һ㣬ˡ
Ԫۣ֮
һһԪ
ϢֲڰϢǵģǺڰ˵Ϣ
䡭
Ҷķˣ׵ķ¶˿˿ĺ⣬·ҪضΧһ㡣
ƣ
֮У˸ʥâҶһֻ֣Ѹٵ˺գȻĳʥӳ˹ȥ
ϣ
ʥĺȵҶﵽһ£û˵˵ĶԴԼû˵Լǰǰϣֱ
֮䣬ҫʥ⣬࣬ų࡭ʥӡƣ
һȭӶͬǿھһĻʳУһһĪ̲ռ˲ųһµĳӣӿӿȻ۳Ϊ⣬ͬǺһĿӿٵĳҶΧȥǿƻ˵ĺܣҪĿռ䳹׵˺ѵһ㡣
͡
ҶȻһȻ˵ǰ˲ʧ
ĳʥӵı
䡱
һȭصĻʥӵ
بŲ࣬壡
âĽʥӵɢһʥ⣬ȻֿסҶȭͷȴ¶һĨŭı顣
˭õʥӣҶ˭ֻһϣϺ϶Լ̫ˡ
һ΢ĴڣȻԽԼֱԼ
ž
ʥһֻ֣޾ľѧΪ棬˲仯ȭΪƣָͬצһ㣬ݺݵؿסҶֱۡ
䡱
ɽӣ
Ҷ屻Է𣬺ݺݵسԶȥ
֮ʥָ
ָ˽ָۼУݻһޱ߽ݺݵسҶȥ
ǽۣγһָһָףѹͷϢͬǽɽһͺأ⡣
ݵĿռ˲䱻ɣٴεѣָѾٵѹҶ֮ϡ
ߡ˵Сˣȴ֪ϧֻܹõƽˡ
һһĿռ䣬ʥӵﻺؿ˵
Ǿڴʱһ˺ȴ˳
˵𣿣


1740 ޱߣ
֮ϣ˸ϢӿһƬݵĿռŰ׵ķΧһ֮£˰׵Ŀռ䣬˵ֲ˼¡
Ǵʱʥڵˣ޲¶˾ȵɫ
žž
ͬ׵죬һӰĴӰ֮˳
趯׷ѩһɺ˸֮·עϵâ޷ӡ
Ҷ컺ش֮˳̲ſֲޱȵĲ·֮ʼ۵Լһ㡣
һ޴ķơ
һ׷࣬޴ĹǴŹϵϢ·һߣš
䷨࣡
϶ֲϢεȵһ׳ȴҲ֪һҶôܵٵ˺
ҶаԵľϲ
һȻûеõɱ䣬ȴԭĳ̶Ҫǿܶܶࡣ
̫žľ磬ҶͻƵ˴̫֮˳󵽵ĥѣǿֲĽѾǱ۶׵ĶԿȴסˡ
ʧеãҶõıһԾͻ죬뵽˵ľ硣
֮˸һƲϵĿʼӳ֣Ȼ˲ʮƵѡ
ʮƣ
Ҷ֮ƾȻﵽ˾ʮƵ
ʮΣǾǾŰٱһﵽЧҶ춼Ϊ֮ޱȵġ
ʱ߲ٴεĽﵽǧ򱶵ĳ̶ȡ
ǧ֮һôֲ֡
˸ǻ֮ˮ֮ǽ֮ɢԵϢ²ϡ
žž
΢΢սҶ¶˿ĵɫ

̫žľһ룬Ҷ̫ľϲˣϵĻϵʩչٶϵĳ̶ȶڳһֲľϽ
Ȼû
ʥӵﻺؿ˵
ʼʱΪԼ̫ضл⣬ڣڿǰҶ쾹Ȼû֮ǽһŭ
ֱڴ
žž죬ǽһö
Īʲôϵ
ʥٴεĿ˵
ϴ˿˿ĺ⣬ҶûҲϣҶż̫̫ˣҶ컹ҪҲ١
ʥûзϣҶܹԼһ֮ʥָֻܹǿ󣬵ȴӰԼľ޷
˵ʶҶĳ֣ʶҶնɱǻΣ¾Ͳ˵Ĵˡ
Ī飿
ҶһʥΪʲôҪԼ鷳ˡ
һڼʡ
ǵģʥȷʵڼʡ
ĪڵʥŮ
ϵ֮УԼƿ֮⣬ΪǿıʥӺʥŮˡ
ĪڳʥŮ
Īȴһ׷ѰԼĽŮ۽ϣ⣬ҲòҪ׷ʥΪ֮Ƶĺܡ
ʥ׷Ϊǿҵһڵ֪Ī˰֮һ·׷Ϊ˴ԼŮ۽Ī֮ĹϵΪڵʥҲѾ²⵽еĹؼ
Ů۽кܴһֱԼģʵϱĪһһ̤ʯѡ
ԭҲȴû뵽ӾȻҲ뵽˴ľ磬ʥȻ֪ԼҪǿ󣬵չ鲻ڵĵ̣Ҳδ֪ԶӣʥҲȥֵ׷
Ȼܴĳ̶ϣΪûռĪ˿ˡ
û뵽ǣԼԤŮˣȻѾϾ֮壬Ȼɱ䣬üԴӣʥȻ֪е׷ʲô
ʵ˲ı˽⵽еĸ飬뵽ҶܿܵıǰռԼŮ˵Դͷʥǽһŭ
΢ϣĪǱʥӵŮˣ㾹ȻȥմȾ˭ҲȲģ
ʥӵ쳹˳ķԼĴһޱߵѹʼֺͷš
Ůˣ
Ҷ˫Ŀ˿˿âɫҲô˵ĪԼ֮Ҳй֮ףŮѾ뿪˵һҪɱԼҶ˵˵ҲԼŮˡ
ʥȴڿ˵ĪŮˣҶεܹ
ԼŮ˰ɣ
ҶӵĿһʥӣм˵

ʥȻŭһ
һ޴Ӱչֳ
¡¡
Ī⣡
쳹ʥӵ·ޱߵһ㣬ʣӰѸٱһµıġ
̳˿˿ķģϵߺ˸ֳĲҪΪ֮Ĥݣµ뷨
֮ʥּ
ķƶ˻ϣңһ񱮣·̲ϲԵ־еˣ޲¶˾ɫ
ӵϣ֮ϵɢֿסһɿµ־ȴҲڰԵľȡ
У
ʥŭһ޾¶һĹâҶ·ڿһһ㡣

ѹѾﵽķΧΧǿ޲˲仯˷ĩҽеĻᶼûС

ӼԦȻΧƹȥԼ±жʥӺҶҲ
ʵţֻҪǵõ˲ʵĴУһָͿǣ
Ҷϱ鿪ʼ
һ񱮣ȥٶȻʵȴһ˺һеԼĳ̶ȣȴѾҶоһֲֿѹ
𡭡
УҶüͷųޱߵ⡣
Ԫ֮ۿʼ֣
һһԪ
׵֮ţ
ʱҶѾļԦԼ׵֮ţĲϴ׵֮ŵҲڷɿ
飡ϣ
趯һֻ޴ȻĴ׵֮г֡
аϢԨϢ
趯׵֮ŵŻ󿪣·Щ޷Ԧһֱֻһ㣬ֲϵӿ
ֱԨ֮еȼҶɵΧԨǿ
ĳ֣޾ٵıɣΧѹҲȻļС˸֮УҶѾһĺۼʧˡ
䡱
ѣһֺֻһصĵֿһ
ҲʱʥҲһɺ嫵
СӣΪʥӾ𣿲̫žѣȻȥ´أΨҶ򣡡
һɺ嫵ʥӵɢ
Ҷɫڴʱڵı仯
о˱Ϣ
ʥӵȻɢһ޷ڸǵĿֲ磬ͬ񽣴̣ޱȡ
򣬸һﾹȻ˵ֶΣ
ۡ
Ҷ屻˺ѣһֻֿٵĳ֮ץȡ˹
ˣ
Ҷоû뵽Լһ⣬Ȼ˵
ɣ
ʥӵش˳


1741 ǧһ
飡
ҶֱӱУһֿµı¶˿˿ʹ֮ɫ
ʥӵϴŲ̵ɫʩչ֮ͨУѾ׵Ҷꡣ
˫Ŀ˸˿˿ľâŷޣͬһһſƴž
һ̣е˶ѾԿ϶Ҷˣˡ
ҶʶôĿֲľѧжôĿ£Ŵǿߣȴ޷ƾϵĲ࣬ȻҶ챾ڿʼʱйսۺͻľ
ҲǽڴٵЧŲģʧһе֮Ѿ׵߽ˡ
žžž
Ҷٴľİ¿ʼգüͷųһֲĹâһâޱߵǲȥע⣬ȥѲӣԸоֳжôĿֲ
Ԫۣ֮
Ҷо˼Ԫ֮۵ǿᵽ˼Ԫ֮۵Ŀֲ
ӳ֣һһԪԪ
ŭ·һֻҰޣ֮
ߡҪˣԹԵķ׳һаɡ
ôõʱ䣬ûѹסҶ죬Ѿʥӵпʼöһ˿꣬Ҷ컬ķ·һ㣬֮жεĶĳ֡
͡
Ԫ֮۵Чڵͷų
֮ì򣡡
ҶٵʩչԼͨ
飡
򣬿һ˵ϵиооһֳ޷󵽵
ֻ֮ޣκεﶼԼȵȵĸй٣ǿԳ׵ĸЩйϵĴڡ
͡
һʹ֮УʥӿһìһìԼ֮У׵һ㣬²ϣȻһֲԼĺܴһֿ
֮ìǡľѧ֮һµĺܣʥţޱߣȴҲûа취ҶìԿ
ʱ˼ꡣ
ŭ֮ڷȼգʥӵεȵǿεȵĿֲǱѹȴҲڷɿķϵѾڿٵĻָš
ģݺݵзģֻҪǻָ˲䣬ԼҪҶ΢Ĵһ
飡
һɿֲ𶯴ϴݳ
йϵʱ˾ʹĸо
飬ǿֲʹȴʥӵһķŭ
ˣǰϴˣ
һﵽʲô
ӵĽеͬһֻ˵Ұ˻ĲòȥϣˣޱȵļҶ죬ʱҲѾǰҶ죬ľѧ϶ԼĻҪֲԼŲʵľѧȴҲ޷ҶľѧԿ
õľѧֻеõСӵľѧҲʸʶ£ڣµţԷϣۻʷϣڣҪĪˣʴ缺û뵽㾹Ȼһ˶ʣǽʵ̤ʯˡˡҪѹ£
ʱ˫Ŀ˿˿ĺâѾ˿˿ħķӦ
һ·߸裬ûκεܹԿţѧϵڣֻǱ΢޷ԼγɶԱȣҶʥӵĳȴ˼֮ģħ
顱
ҶһƵĳʥӵȥʱһֱֻѾѣѪɣȴ޷ڸסͷųޱ
ҶԭǾޱȣʱӵĿֲ뵽˴̫žľ֮ѾԭҪǿ
һƵʥӵѪ衣
Ԫ
һĺ֮Уüͷųޱ߹â
һһԪҶһֻԪ֮ۿԶʱ䣬ǿŤתʱ䣬ڵʥӵԪ
͡
Ѫϵʻ뵽Ҷ֮Уž죬ϵںϳޱߵʱٵĻָ
ʥʳѪֻǰӰԪ
νԪ֮ڵ֮ǿߣڽ뵽һľ֮󣬱Զص컯Ӷ뵽һֲľ֮УҲǴӡ
ʧȥԼԪǾζûʱ䣬Ҳݽߣõȥ궼޷ס
ҲΪʲôǹϵĴ˵֮Уبŵǿߣͨʱ䷨ʱ֮һնɱǿߡ
ϵЧ

ʥӵ˫ĿȻˣϵĵִ˺ѵ
ԼǰҶڷȡԼѪѪÿһζͬǻƽʯһҫĹ⻪ǻ֮
ϣ
ʥεĲ֪ҶʲôǸоԼԪڷɿʧҲѸٵʧ˺ܶ࣬Ѿ÷ޱȡ
֮ì򣡡
Ҷֱٴεһͨ
ʥٴ뵽Ƶľ֮С
ҶӿԼɵٶȡ
оԼϣǿֲ˿ڳ׵ˡ
ʥӵѪʢΪ̲֮ǵҩİ̲֮޷ͶԷѪԱȡ
Ļ쵰Ļ쵰㾹Ȼ˵ĶԴʥӣʥҪɱ㣡
ʥٴε˹ҫϢ
֮䣬ﳼ췭ظҡ
˫ͬ·ɵأȻĽҶ˹ȥ
֮ŭ
һؼΪϵһؼʩչʱ򣬴ﵽһޱߵ
ҶѾָȻʥϱ͵ʱо˲Ծȴʥֱ
һΣ
ʥֱӵסҶһƺݺݵѹ
һ̣Ѿ޾̫ħɽһ˲䴫Ҷȫ
꣡
ҶļͽǱĴϡ
ѪϴһĨĻߣȻһƴҶЩ˵˸
û꣡
ʥӳ׵ŭˣεĻôɵķŹҶ죬ٴεĻӶԼ˫֣һͨϵľۼ
ŭ֮ס
ѧʩչҶҪû뵽ľ羹Ȼ˵ǿʥʩչľѧÿһж㹻˺һǿߣҶǿľѧ죬Ϊӵľˣ군ˡ
䡱
ٴεһȭӶһʥӻҶüġ
ꡭ
˿˿Ĺѡ
Ҷɶʱϣϡϡϡط޲Ѫ
ž
һֻ̽˲סҶꡣ
ǰͬħʥӣҶ첻ɵýʥӵķ񳬳ԴԴϵԪɣȻûиʵԵ˺ɵԷǧԪǶԷû˵Ҫ˵жôĿֲ

Ʒһɿֲ˲Ϣ֮䣬ҶҪˣǾʱһصĳˣһɫâ


1742 ɫӡ
䡱
ԭѾ뵽˱ԵҶ죬ѾԶˣȴû뵽ڱʥӼ˲䣬һɫĹâȴѸٵĳ֣â˸һӡǡ
䡱һʥӵٵĴ˳ȥ
ǡ
ʥӵĽе
ű˺ѳһµĺۼѪɽоһִδйϢ
ǻϢһΪʲôֻϢԣԿףѵ˵ҶŲĹԿף
ӵ˫Ŀɴ۾֮д˿˿̰
оҶϲӿĽɫϢͻ֮еļʸӵԺͿ
ΪʲôһǹϢħµԿΪʲôһУ
˼ţȴѾҶ졣
Ĺ֮еĴУû˿ǰߣģһ˵ģ

һֻ޴Ļ֮Ѹٵĳ֣Ҷͷ˳ת˲ʥӵı

ʥӵŭһҪʩչѧ

ûеȵӦǻ֮ȻļӿԼٶȣһǿ¶Ǻҡҡ׹Ϊ֮ɽѣʥӵǱķѡ
ϣʥӾȻô˵ģ
һŭʥӼԦһѸٵʧ
ʥƿ˿ռ䣬뿪ҶŴڵ³ѪһονǾһ
ȻͻƵ̫žľ磬ȴδػʩչԲͬһԪֻǧԪܻȻֻǺҪʹõĸ죬ǵҪĥһʱġ
Ҷڱˣľﵽһµĳ̶ȣȴȱĥϵʱ䡣
ʱһҶҲоԼĲ֮
Сӡȥɣ
ӾȻڴʱɿĳˣɢҫĹâһһ㣬쳹ǿյɿľ
֮
˺յסҶԭµٴ˱ļ
꣬ӣ飬Ҳټ㣡
޳ֶܵΣҶʵ̲סŭ⣡
Ҷʴ֮࣬ûʸͱ磬ʶĻھͽ㲻õõ֮򣬱һὫѹ֮УҪܵĥѣ
𣿡
ҶǿеסԼϵʹͻȻ¶˹ı鿴ӣ·ڳƺڲм
Ҷעţʱеŭʼȼյ˼£
Ҷڣ˭Ҳ޷㣬ĲĹ֮Уֻбʵˣ㾹Ȼһ㣬ɱ㣬ɱ㣬ԿǱʵģ
˵䣬Ǵ֮ٴε˾ʩչ
׳ա
ҶЦһ
ڵȻ˵ƣߣȴҲûзҶȴ㷴ֻӵʩչҶϾȻһɫâ
âͬһһ㣬漴ȸĳֳûһ̣Ѿǧ׵ķΧ
ʲô
ӵɫ䣬֪ΪʲôҶЦ֮һֲԤС
͡
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ôܣ
âʧ˲䣬Ѿһĳȥ
һжѾˣʱĿռһˣµֻһ̲ѪĺۼΧҶղźʥսʱµټ
ѣ
ӵ˫Ŀµĺ⣬ɫļҪγˮŭһ㣬쳹ռ䣬ĺ
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һΣһˣ۽µҲֻһٶˡ
ٵòǲʵĴУӵʧ̫ˡ
ˡ
ҶԽԽȣһĻ֮ԼΧߣѸٵʼÿһļ
͡
·ڴԽһһ㣬ҶΧ˻ֻ֮ʣ޾ĹâЩâҶ߷۵糸ʧҶ޷оٶжôĿֲ
֮֮
ҶóһöɫԿףؿ˵
ħԼһöɫ֮
ĴָСԭҶڽ뵽Ƭռ֮󣬱оһ˿Ӧ󣬽뵽˲ʵĹ֮ȴ˿ķӦûˣҶһȵΪԼĸо˴
ڿĻƺûκεĴġ
û뵽һö۵С⣬ȻôӴ
뵽ղǧһʱ̣ʥѾҪץԼˣΪһöСҶû˿İտԺͶԷ⡣
ǿߣϾǴǿߣҶֵĶôɫھԵĵȼǰǲ಻ٵġ
ǽ뵽˴̫žľ磬ҾаʥӣҪնɱµҪ뵽ľлᣬֻҪǸʱúõĴĥһ£ҵԼոս໥ĥһ£ɱӵҲûпܵģ
ΧһĻ֮Ҷ޷ȥ̫Ķһ߳Ҷ춼ûаտ԰ٷ֮ٵĿ϶Χǲİȫ
ҪԼڸղźʥӵսҶԺ֮Ѿ𽥵һ˿硣
ʥӣԼȥһ£ĪڵʥŮŮ۽û˿ڰ˵ĲʥȴһϿ϶Լܣ˵ڰʵѾ뵽֮УһҪҵʥӣֻҵܹл֪ںڰ˵飬֪ζϢ
Ҷ˵
ôõʱˣٴεҵ˹Ǻڰ˵Ϣ
ζ溶Ƕ
Ҷ˫Ŀ˿˿⣬ʵ
¶įİ֮УҶֵһֱǿޱȣչֻһԽߣǿԻأȴҲվһѰꡣ
޷ģ
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Ҷﻺؿ˵
͡
һĲʼ֣ҶǰһŻڱҶеĽɫ֮ѸٵĻûһɫӡǡ
ӡǴһĲ޾Ѱһǰû˿ĵֿ˲ͻᱻѵ
Ҷȴһ֣û˿ɬǸоһֵϤС
ʡѵǿ˲Ĺ֮أ
ҶĻǰŻش򿪣һҫĹâѸٵ˸һӽҶ˽ȥ
䣡
Ҷʧ˲䣬һӰ˸ȻĳԷǴŻ֮н룬ȴֻת˲ŻѾʧˡ
Ļ쵰
Ȼ쳹


1743 ʣ
Է֮дŲʣ޾ɭȻ֮ΧĿռһԻðӿǿһȦΧ֮ȷʵûʲôĵطԷĺЦһ뿪˴˴
ҶΣⶫҵģԶҲҪҪմȾ
شԷӰѾʧ
Ȼı仯Ҷǲ֪ģڵֻ˫ĿĿΧһС
һƬ޵磬ȴһب޾磬·һжڣַ·һж޵ġ
ȫ෴ĸоȴһҶȻޱȵľȡ
˲䣬˾֮⣬ȴޱȵϲ
о˻֮Ĳ
ֻǻ֮ǻӴ֮
֮ͻ֮Ȼֻһ֮ֻ֮֮ǵԦ֮һα㲻֮Ҳ˺ܶࡣ
֮֮ŨҶ캱ġ
پôĵطﻹǵһμǲʹ֮УҶҲûиоŨ֮
߶֣ҵһöϵ֣ҵġսӡͬǹϵӡ໥Ĳ䣬֣Ǹݹϵ֮ģճѾԷһˡ
Ϊǿֲ˵֮ǳ󵽵ģϵ֮Уޱǿһ֮Դɱ
ǿĲˣҶڵȴûЧ֮ԻˣҶС޷ֵЧ֮⣬ҲΪһöֻǴҴææĴлкܶȱݡ

Ҷһ֣㽫Լͷ˳
һöִ˿˿ƣޱߵƣЩƿȥͬһһ㣬ϵĴ֮֮Ź
͡
ڵĿʼŹ⻪һ׵ĲѸٵĵ˳
ðоЩε𽥵ĳɳ˵ﵽǿĵز½֮ҵϣɱȥ֮һȭͿԽӡʥ顣
ž
һֻ֣չ˹
һֻ֣ĺͻأ˳˿˿ƬƽɫƬĶѻһ𣬵ȴûиһֲֿĸо෴ǣһָ߹ޱȵӾС
ǾһֻεƯȴҲ޷ڸסҶڵľ֮ġ
˭
ǰһӰ֣Χ֮ѸٵıƿˣԷӰҲ𽥵Ŀʼָ˹ȥ
ҶȻոߵ󣬵ǰһֵҲ̫һЩԼȫȫĴԼ֣Էͳˣ»κεһˣ޷ȥ
ǺǡҪ̫ľнûʲô⣡
Է建ر¶һʮ̬
ŻۣͷڣͣһĺۼڶԷ֣ϸϸĿȥȴֺʲôûС
Ĺ֮УкܶǺޱȵģϹšԶʱڣޱȺģ˵һöӡ
Է̾Ŀڡ
һ˫Ŀֳ˿˿Ľâȴûʢ˵ѹȸУޱȵһɫһ
ʣ
Ҷ̲סĽĸ˵˳
Ǻǡ㻹̲סˣ
Ӱؿ˵
ԷƲϵطһö֣ŶԷ˵ֶΣǽԸεܹöԷԸʱɢһɹǿͼӶԷѳ
ȻѾһ˿ӡİĹ֣ȴҪȥĴǴ˼£һֱٻģʱĻǿǻˣ
ҶһݵĲЦ˵
ԷºͣƺǶҶһ㶼档

ڶԷڹۿһöֵʱȻƺǿʼŭˣһʱһ͵֮ѸٵӿȻһɺ嫵ѹ
ѹͬبŵһ㣬ֿºޱߣȻⲻʶס΢΢һɿˡ
͡
ѸٵҶߣϵΧ֮ͬ߿һ㡣
Ҷ콫ջصԼڣٵĴԷΧ֮ɽ뵽֫ٺԼֵ
Ȼѡ
ʵ¶˾֮ɫƺǶһ㣬ޱȵľȡ
ÿµĹ֣⡮ӡΪµļֹ֮һ˵ֶΣĳɳȥɾͲ
ʵ̬ʵĹŹ֣ҶЩһͷԡ
ΪʲôҲΪԵʰɣ
Ҷһ˿䱸
޷ȥ䱸Ƕⲻʳûа취ȥʲôøУǱۻӣûʲôøеģ֮Ҳνĺƽ⡣
նɱӵĶ֮ҶͲʳ֮ĳޱѾ޷ˡ
Ǻǡ飬ʶ֪
ʻؿ˵
ƻӶһʼۼ
ʱǰѾ䡣
滨ݣ̨ͤ¥Ȫˮӿ
ǰһб仯Ҷ첻ûпʼɣԽŹֵĿŲʡ
ʣҲһЩ˽ġ
кҶ֮󣬲ĵ裬һ֮ſ˵
Űѵİ񡭡
Ҷ˫Ŀ𣬻̧ͷŶԷ۾һĺͶԷš
Ҫ˵ģֵڣѾоˣѵİһĲһ뿿ԸоģԷģʲϵİ񡣡
ʻĿ˵
Һ㲻ʳ֮䣬Ųĥĳޣһ㣬Ӧ֪ģʵ˵ǽ뵽Ĺ֮Ѿоһˡ
ҶЦ˵
ϲʣ˵ϲƿصĸоһֱڿǣָоڿһ㡣
࣬뵽֮󣬱Ҳȷʵע㣬ԭĻңΪȫ֪ƻ˱ʵǲ֪νĺ˴һѣǲĶӸˣЩʶ֪
Ц˵
Ǳû˿٣·ǶһûȤһ㡣
ѪֻһִУѪȴһȫ̳Ѫϵص㣬ʵЩǣ޲ڿʼԴ챾ʽΪΣǺǣһ㱾ʵǸоΪĺЦ
Ҷıһ
˼ǣʵϲϲԼĺȥ̳ǲʳ
صͷ
بŵ£ʾĴԪ򣬼һĻʳЩֻǹ̶ѣѪĴвʵϣһʵĺ˺ܶ࣬ССĲʳʻǣˣ
ƺǶԼĺЩʧʵ΢΢Щɬ
һҶüͷҲڰԵѾʵ̫ĹŹ˵㣡


1744 Ԫ
Ҿûһ˿ĳޣ
Ҷ첻ÿɷʵ֮зǴһ˿ʡ
ԼնɱʳôˣӶĲᣬΪʳĵߣҶǲŶԷȻһ˿һĳ޶ûС

ʳ¶˴Ц·Ҳֳ˿˿ĳ鴤̬·ΪЦһ㡣
ޣΪʲôҪ㣿֮䣬ϵķǿ棬̭߱ʵĺ˺ε֮࣬ǰǵ˺ʵĺˣʾԻ֮أȴһˣССĲʳֻСѣɾͲ˶򡭡
磡
ҶȻĸоһľȻԼȥ󵽵ġ
Է򣬶ԷſܣԼȥ򵽵ġ
ǿǰѪĴֻһС׷ѰϴѪˡ顢飬޷ҡʵĸ
ĻﻺشӲʵﴫݳ
ԷĻᣬû˿пԣ·һֻ֪ȥӶᡢȥĻһ㡣
䣬ҶڵĸоⲻʵĿ¡
ԷĿ£ֻϣ־ϣѾȫĸӵˣһжֻǸһĴڣеֻǶϵִš
ѾһжźˣһѪĳɳȫ֪ԼݣĻҲ԰ĵ׷ѰԼ
ѵõ¶һĨв
С
ͻȻ¶һĨŹֵı鿴Ҷ죺
ƺűĲѵ˵һĴ߲ɣ
Ҷϼ΢΢ĳ鴤
һǸһֹĸо·˭մһ˿Ĺϵᱻһ㡣
йĽӴ
ҶС˵
ٺٺ١군ˡ
Ц˵֮УǴһ˿Ĳ·ַֻ·Ϊڴ
ôˣ
ҶĿһ
񰡣һżȴûöϲǻ˲ôߵŮˣ̫˼ˣСӣõĲҪ¶Ļ͵ùˣܶ˻ѡΪеģʱİ֮жĵģ֮УȻȥֻҲʳ͹ǿڰռʵϻкܶĴڵģڰеı𱾻ʵĲʳҪֲǡñЩˣ
ҶһĺߣǰڷСĲʣԼĸоѾƺֻԵֻ
СӴʿԻϣ㽫ö񳹵׵ռأ
ٴεĿ˵
㻹ʲô𣿡
Ҷһ˼ʲôһ㣬ٴεĿ˵
Ҷ΢΢˫ĿǰĲʣѾоǰĲʵֻһӰѣԷ²ġ
㡭ûУ
ҶڵʳԼΪ⡣

΢΢һƺ˼ʲô
ȷʵûȴҲñ
һìܵĻӲﴫһֹŹֵĸо
ʲô˼
Ҷ첽ƣԵĸоԼ֪Ķ൱Ĺؼ
Ǻǡ㻹ǹģʵɣȷʵûģǱʱҪʧʧĻ»ܵ˵ע⣬ʱĻʾҪѵá
֮䣬ƺڵʲôƺɵ
õĲʣٵأң֮ѵж֣ǾڣԷȴ̲ŵӵĲϢںʲô
ö𣿡
ҶȻһ˵

΢΢һƺû뵽Ҷ쾹Ȼץסһ㣬ȴǵ˵ͷ
öö֮У̲ܣÿһöĪܣȴ޷ֻеö񳹵׵Ľ֮󣬲ſǿ󣬱ʵõеһöȴоһϢ˱ʣָоǴδйģһļ£Ϊ֮Ϣĸо·Ѿעűʣʱ̵Ĵѹһ㣡
Ҷı𽥵ı
ʵʵ;磬ǺεȵĿֲڵһӰͿԽҶһָѹΣҶϵĴͨؼˣʩչƣ޷ıһ㡣
ǾǿһˣȻ¶˵ǺͿ־ɫʵΪ֮ľ
һȺֲĴڣҲԶʱڲʧϵĴڣֻ֪ϵĴǿȴ֪㲢޵еģ
ʵı鿪ʼԽ
ǰ񡭡
˵ģѾóһöɫĳ֣ʱââ˸ѸٵĿʼŷȥȻ뵽ҶڣҶԿ൱ԼϣѾƬٴεķںϡ
ڵĻǽ佻ȥˡ
ʻؿ˵֮дһֳأһ˿ѣӴһڴ
ôʲϵȥоڵĻһ˿жϡ
ͻȻҶ컺ؿ˵
оʲô
ҶĿŲʣ֮дһ˿棬ϾѾ˺üöˣǶһ˿ϢûС
öȻڸǵĺܺãֹϵϢȴǱѰֲǷݱʲĵһ˿϶ӦԪ
Ԫ
֣ҶޱȵİѰҵļ䣬ûԪֵϢ
Ԫö񣬿ȥû˿һںһĻһ˲ݱʵĲ²⣬ӦñǴ˵֮еԪöԪһ˿ϵĻȻĲ˵ϢͲġ
ʺǿ϶
ԪԪʲô
Ҷüͷ
ԪҲûһָϵĶ϶ţʷ֮Уĸʱ̫ʱԶʱϹʱԼʱһ̫ʱµ֮УһµʱǸʱ֮ΪԪʱԪųʼΨһΪϵʱǺܹǣʱȻһ˿ϢԱ·ǴӿʼǴ̫ʱڵһ㡭
ŲʵĻ￪ʼͳҶüͷȴҲʼ𽥵
Ԫʱ⵽һôʱǸʱΪʲôȴһ˿Ϣ޷£ֻܹͨϵֻ֮Ƭã
е񵽵ǴʲôΪʲô˵أ½Ϊʲô֮ǱһȺȺǿսᣬ½ֻһ۵Ĵ½֮׺һڰСеʲôܣ
ԴһʱЩˡ


1745 ˣ
ԪԪʱ
Ҷϸϸľ׽⼸֣һģĸоƺԼվҪʱǿҸо
ҵŰ˲ͼԳһ棬Ȼ㹻ﵽһĴԪֲȴҲֻʱϣֻҪҵʼǿͿԴﵽ̶ȣöѵİѾõöڵһöѾöˣ½һöҲ˵ֻҪҪһööͿȫں
뵽ЩҶѾһȲĸоͺǻѾõ鼴ֽһ㣬˵вѾ˺ܴڴС
ȻѾˣţԼҲѰˡ
ʵ￪˵ϵıҲָԭ̬֮С

һĲ֣ԷӰʼģ
Ҫȥģ
о˶ԷҪɢҶͻȻĿ˵
ڵ㣬޷ﵽΣźܿǾͿԼˣʱ֮仹ԸõĽһ£
ʵӰĿʼɢ
ȵȣ
ҶͻȻĿڽе
֪ڰ𣿡
뵽ϹΣ뵽½֮£Ҷڵ뵽⡣
ڰˣ㾹Ȼ֪ʵʱ䲻ˣ޷õĶͣҪСһ㣬򵥣ȥƺǺСǴڵʱȴǹˡ
͡
һƿȻĳ֣ҶԭȥѯʵĻʱȥ
һ뿪ٶȻ찡
ε̾ϢһԭҪӶԷҵϢļƻҲʹزˡ
ڰˣȻʶ֪ڣԼƺΪ鷳ȻһǺͱϵôļ򵥣ҪҵһͻƿڵĻµҪķˣʥӣΨһ;ֻʥˡ
գҶ˵
ʥڵʥӣ͵λ򵥣óȻĽȥҶԵĲкùӳԣеǿߣ¾ǲʶҪΪ֮Դġ
УҲǲʵѪȻزʲôеģҲãǲĴиʲôҵзޱȵļɵġ
ҶǲⲻʻĶԼû˿뷨һ˵ǲƽԼΪǶƻǲʳҲ׷ҶȴܹΪ
˼һ֮Ҷ쿪ʼΧȥ
ȻѾʧˣӴ֮ȴûɢ
͡
˫ֽӡҶļԪ֮ۿʼ˸ΧʼѸٵİ
𡭡
Ҷƿ£Ϊһſͣڵ˱Χ֮ÿһε£޲Լ忪ʼ֡
ԴԴϵ֮ҶĪĺô
ʱҪϲҪֲʱ䣬Ҷ콫䲻ϴķʽǲȴҲҪʱ䣬Ҷڵķʽ߶ֲʱ䣬һ¥Ȼ㷽ʽҪıӴ֮
ǿķʽ
Ũ֮ɣҲҪһصʱģûôʱ䣬ĿռԭҪѹƵģʱĲʧˣһĻ»ڶݵʱУ㱻ռѹ
Ҷ΢΢һٵ˰취
߱
屳һ޴Ӱչֳ߱ľ޴ĴգΧ֮ʼÿ˼֡
ɵأɣ
ҶļԪ֮չıԼ

ŭ֣֮Ǿ޴߱͵ſԼͣһڱ˷ԲķΧֻǶݵʱѣһƬ֮ѾԷɸɾˡ
߱ѪͳҶΪҲָһֵͨΪҶĻ˵෴ɵģǶԷɵ֮ٶ࣬ҲҶʧõĺôҲǲٵġ
ҶٶţҶĽҲһӨӨĹâ
ƺʥӵľѪ
Ҷһ㶣漴¶һĨЦ⡣
ļԪۣ֮ʩչͨɵʥӴľѪаӴԪ
ԭҶ컹û⣬ҶʩչѾоһɿֲʱĿʼϱ
ӴľѪ˵ҲĪģǾѪȻ޷Ԫڵȴǿģ֮Ԫ㹻ͻƵ̫žΪ
ңңģҶ컹ʱյһӰչҫĹâ·֮Ψһһ㣬һԿµ۾֮ԹĹâ
Ҷ㾹Ȼ˱ʥ֮ԪʥӵԪȥģΨһԴһ
ķѸٵڴµĲⲨͬǴһ·ٻʲô
ۡ
һʼ֣ȻնıŷʱĶԷ³һѪԹıȻʥӱˡ
Ļ쵰֣ǱʥӵԪʱȻ޷ٻСֵʲôѧ
ʥѾͨǺȥӶģϵÿһļ⡢Ѫϸһӡǣӡ˶Է˺ˣԭʥӻΪԼٻԼǲû뵽Ȼ谭
С֣ʥӵŰɣĺǣȴҲԵûпӹʥӵ׷Ѱģ
͡
ƿһգȻʧԭ
¡¡
Ҷ屬˵âڵŷ֮УƬռ䣬һľʱһִϾӣͬΪʯһ͡
ҵٴεǿֻ֣ҪİҾͿµĴһ£ԼǸʱ򣬾ʥǿĴڣҲƾ˺ѵһ
Ҷ˫Ŀ˸ɲâؿ˵

߱һʱ֮˹ǳ׵ˣһ̣ҶڲѸٵԭǴʥϵõԪ
¡¡
̫žʱС
죬ôʹﵽˣȻڴԭ֮ҵٶȽһڵңֻҪǲϵǿߣȫĿӵһеģǵ͵ĺã򲻼򵥰
͡
һķѸٵĴ̳
ǿµ۳ġ
ɫһĲʼ̶סҶ
ɭȻĲҶоһֵΣС


1746 ħʳ
ǲ磬ճǲܳ˵ģҶȴԸоһϢڿơ
ɱȻޱȵأκҶļԪ֮ۿԶһУ㹻ĸоһ㡣
Ȼڰг֣⵽˭ѵ˵Ӳɣģһﲻܳģ
Ҷ˼ţеĶȴ졣
գ
ֺ߱ٵıߣѾ̤߲
ǧ֮ͬϲһ㣬ޱߣٶȿٵľˣֻת˲ѣѾʧԭ
͡
һɫȻĶҶԭڵĵط˫ȫĶ֮УѾﳹ׵ı仯ΪһƬޡ
ǿ׵ķΧ
һˣ׵ķΧΪޣһֶѾǽ뵽˰벽ľˡ
ߡ
һߴݳҶɫ͵𶯳ȥ

𡭡
Хݡ
Ҷ˫ĿâһƵĽһƬľʼ£ޱߵ˲˺ǿ֮С
һ̣زʧɫɽ飬·Ǿʮضεƿһ㣬ҶĳԲޱȣûһ˿һɬ˵ʱѾûԭƿתһ
䡱
ռѣĿռڲ㱻ĺɱΪƬһѺ۸ͬ֩һ㣬ֳ˷ѵӡ
ħ壡
һԴϤҶĶߣȻҶĿռ֮УһӰͬһпٵļ
Ӱźɫħۣɫ趯ޱߵĺڰϢ·һ֮صħһ㣬ֲǷ
ǿϢȥһɲ̬
Ȼ㣡
˴֮Ҷ̲סЦ
һҶȻϤȴҲʶˡ
ԷħĺᣬѪУҶõһöɫʯһõħһִУǴȴĺȻͼҪҶеõҶӵеһöɫԿס
ȻıҶܾ˵ʱҶֹȻһӡ
ֻӡȴѺöѣ
ħҵڣȴ벻ĹԿ׽㣬ڿȻõϵıأ
ϴ֮ɫɭȻ쳣Ŀ˵
һĨ޷ڸǵļ֮ѾԱ
㾹Ȼ뵽˰벽ľ硭
Ҷüͷ
ǰ꣬ħӿаһֺԭȽϲ̫Ϣ·˴һλʥķӱ仯Ϊħһ

ҶļԪ֮˸ȻĿ˶Է֮УһıڴϿʼ²ϣдı飬ÿһֻԴǳֳ޵̬
ļԪ֮е޷ȥģ£ЩеĻ֣еİеĴ޾ޣеڹǺһ֣һޱаϢ·֮䣬ֳһĳޡ
ϸϸĿЩ飬һĻڵĳ̶ȣ֮࣬ʵĸһֲֹϢ
ħʳħʳ
ҶȻĿüģһöɢŹ첨Ƶӡ˸ϣµϢ·һŻϢ
Ҷ֮еһħѧһµ
㾹ȻʶһžѧȻ
ϴ˿˿⣬ؿ˵
ħʳϵĶ񶾾ѧԶȡѪΪ޾ĳޣܹسɳﵽϵ۷徳硭֮㾹Ȼô޹飡
Ҷɷ˸
һͨˣڵԿٵأȴҲ޷Ӱ쵽ԭĳ֮ģģɱ¾飬ζ
˶ǰһҶеѾﵽ˼£Ĳһɿµɱ¾֮ģ
ħ㾹ȻѧȥȻ֮һϴΣûնɱһѾǻĶˣСӵҲסˣ
Ļس˵
С֣ҵĶǲģУֻǻ㴫У

ҶƺǶһĻޱȵѾŭˣȻѸٵѡ˳֡
һǹ֣ǳǹ׵âŰ׳ɫʥҫһǹգޣǹ֣Ұӿ
ֻأ
ͽ䣡
ǹҶһνӴıѧҶ޾Ѫʱﵽ˴̫žľ֮ķ棬Ѿԭ̬ˣﵽһ۷壬һǹʩչ籩ֹȥ
ֻأͽ䣡
оѧǹ֮ϵһпѹ񷣬תǧһпԳͽ
ǹ죬µǹﵽףǹûдﵽɭȻǹѾˡ
һǹӴ󣬵ȴû˿Ϣ·һ˿һϢûУƵһֹĸо
һ̣һɴ硢ϡʥ̲޾Ĳ䳹񷣡
һǹ֮£ﳼضҪ
ðԵһǹһǹ̲ǹеĲϢնʼѵˣǰ˵Ե޷ֿֿƵûУȴһˣħʳѾҳɳһĵز˭Ҳ޷赲ҵĽŲȻԸǾɣҵҪƾʲôȻ֮˿µĿ񳱣
ˣ
䣬ȴûżӣ෴ǣֻչһֻ֡
䡱
һֵֻĳ֣·һƣ޾޴󣬳أ
ǿµǹʱһ˲ɢɢǱԷȥ
Ǻεȵǹ޼᲻ݣ˺Ѳ񷣬꣬Ȼǿеȥ
ҶƺǱŴˣû˿ĶŴˣֲ̫ˣԷһ˺Χǹ˳ְҶǰ̧ƣ·ǲ֮һ㣬ɱħ˲סҶ塣
꣡
һɲ֣ʱҶ屻˺ѳΪƬ
ʲôƨʲôνţҵǰȻһж޷סνҲ˰ɣħʳ
һ޴ĺڰѨشӿ˲Ŀʼɹȥռ䶼ڲžѣ֮·һıȥˡ
˰
̾˵
𣿡
Ȼģһȴ˳
䡱
ĺڶȻͬһɿֲѹ޷ȥɣʧˡ
ôܣ
ϴ޷ŵɫԼĺɫѨ


1747 ߵ
飡
һزı֮󣬶ʱһ޴Ӱӵǰһ޴Ӱ·ǿٵصһߴɣ࣬ϴ޾طģ˸֮У¶ķĿռž졣
䣡
һɺ嫵Ϣ֣Ŀռ׵ķǷһӰһ
˫ףֱֻۣӶ֮Уƿǧ顣
һֻźݺݵ̧ӣû˿ԥֱӵ̧
ʲô
Ľ
¡¡
ͬһ̫ɽѹݺݵٵĴʱĽһ˿ֿˡ
ۡ
һ֮£ѸٵѪ
ⲻܣħʳɵ̣ɣ
ſһпʼγɡ
ħ֮еСֶΣˣ
ٴεĳֻ֣һӰȻǾ޴Ӱļϣͬزһ㣬Ԧϰ˻ģȻޱȡ
ǰɫѩĳɺ˸˫ԼɭȻޱȵɱ⣬޲ǴŶԷݡ
Ҷôû£
޷ŵĽۿԼĺڶҶ˺ɵġ
䡱
ҶԦħ֮󣬺Ȼһ̤ʱ޾ʼɢһ̲Ƶļӳ֣ľˡ
顱
޾бĲ飬ޣٴεĽӵصĲ̤ȥ
ҶƵ൱ãӽһŲƺҪܾĥһ㣬ٴε̧

ʮ֮ѾޱǱƬѪѣԴѣ֫׵ĶеĽγƬ޷֧Լվ
ȥĲֻҵһѣ
Ҷ쵭ĿŶԷ
ʼʱҶѾԼ˳̤߲Ԧšɱ֮ءľѧʧԭ
һ֣ڶԷΪʱѹ
벽ľȻ£ȴҶͺ¶Էڴ첻۷ʱҶѾ˺Ͱ벽ӲӲĲڽ뵽˴̫žľ֮󣬸ӵĿӵһС
ǰȻֲɵصħ֮ΪµĻ̲־ľӳֺһɷںһ𣬹ɵȻǶԷ󵽵ġ
ֹ̽Ҫ˵ħʳٸߵȼħѧҲ޷ɵһ˿һ
ҲţҲţҵ߳ô࣬ҵӲȥ󵽵Ŀֲǿκεһ˶޷ңħĴѾȫѪңôᱻܣ
ħһ㣬ڵϣŭ
ģȫĲģڵʹﵽһʵԵĳ̶ȣ԰ȺۣԭΪѹҶͷ·ѹһֻϰɣһָͿѹΣȴû뵽Ҷ赭дľͽѹ
㲻ģ޷̵ġ
ħʳҪɱ㣬ԼˣҲù
Ȼŭһͣĵ֮гһ޴УݺݵؽԼȥһɫӰӣҶ˹ȥ
֪Ķ
Ҷһʱ˺˲񷣬һ̤ȥ
һûиûзˮһ֮£޲ͱ
¡¡
ͬѹħˣһ̲صʵ̫ˣ̫ǿˡ
ߡ
һĺʱΧĺɫٵɢΧĿռȥ
һѪģ
һ沼Ѫ⡢׹ǣʱѾһϢˣ޷˿ˡ
ҡģ
ޱȣ·ķһ㣬֮߰дһ޷ڸǵķŭ
ûνĸеֻĽ֣
Ҷ쵭˵ת
ûмĳ֣ΪѾ׵ķϵˣһ̲ϵƻ˿Ļȥģһˣ뵽Ǳնɱ飬Ҷû˿֮ˣпɺ֮˱ˣ
͡
Ҷ߳Ƭռ˲䣬һɿµıըѾ֡
ԼĿһĵĲҽ
Ѿȫʧˣ궼ħʳľʩչԼҶȥƻԷһҲġ
һֵˣ´ҲѰҡ
Ҷ˿˿Ц
ӴˣȻ۲Ŵԣȴû˿֮ģҶ첻ֻһ۵СǶԷȴһδεĳѹ
Ҷ챾һСΪǰԵʣϴһƦν˲ҲˣӵһδαѾĺۼ
˲ɱ˵ʲôʱͻԼı󣬸Լһӡ
Ҷܹ˶εĽѵ֪նҪĵˡ
һҪǶɱС
ȻⲻʲԼƻʳҶɾͲˡ
â˸Ҷ̤ʧԭԼĿԸоΧϢȻıɭȻ֡
ҶҶ
һƬռ֮Уһ˳޵ŭݳ
ޱ·ħԹһ㡣
һԹĿΧĿռ䣬̲صĺ㹻Ϊ֮
ʵḶ́ƻΣĦĹأеһϢڹͳ
ⱱ۵ټļ֮С
ȴƫƫû㵽Ҷ죡
ҩȺ˿ǵˣ
ǰɪɪҩӵﻺؿ˵
ȻƽȴɸһޱȵϢ·ʱ̵Ķᱬһ㣬ֲֿĲϢ㹻Ϊ֮
ӣȺ΢ĹȫĲϣԲѣ˿۷
ҩ岻ϵĶţǰʵ̫ˣϢѾҩоϢԼǰߡ
סǻǲײĲᰡΪҵڻ𣿡
׵ˣӵﻺؿ˵
ϴŵɱ⣬ʱȻûеõʴжᣬǴﵽ˴ľ磬ȴҲʤޣ˵Ѿƻ֮еһ֡
Ҳû˿ջġ
Ҷ죬ֻҪţӾаսնɱõʵĴС
ӣ㲻ҪѾˣǵȵѾȫܹūݰѳڣǾҲԸġ

ƿأһĮӣԭѾƽϢŭӣʱٴȼ
䡱
ҲҪʱȻһɺ嫵ȴϮ
ɿµĲ໥ײ֮£Ӷ޷ȥֿס
ƣ
һɿɲӵΧɢ˲Щֲһ̣ȴۿѣֻһλλĹƿأȻһǿ˲ߣûʱȥֹס

ٴγ֡


1748 ٳ
Щƿأ˵ž޴õģ֮ԲȥնɱҲΪǻãۿһѺ۽ߣԼȴһѹסĶҪʼץˡ
䣡
ߡ
ƿĳ֣ʱس
ߵĲϢ
վǶھ֮ϵһư硣
߲Ǳʥ󽫺ҵ
û뵽ôȥˣ㾹Ȼûȴֱ΢ʴ֮ģǴ㶪ˣ
ʥ󽫵ϴŷ̵ɫؿ˵
ʥ󽫣Ҳһ񰡣㣬ΪܹԼΪһ¥ϧԼɩӣɱ¾ԼĵܵܣԼĸĸնɱȫڴԼܹͻڿȫûã
ı֮Խ
֮ˣκεʱܵ˶صġ
ʥ󽫣ʱ򣬱һȺţʿ£ȻȴûŤ
ǶԷԼĸһϲͬһŮˡ
κΣŮ˼޸ʥ󽫵ĸ磬Ҳʹʥ󽫴Ӵ֮Դ䣬ͬħһľҲʼˣʥΪһеɶΪԼ̫Եʡ
Ϊ˳׵նеǿеİռԼɩӣ֮նɱɱԼĸ磬ԼĸĸûзŹ
ǣ޹֮ȷʵʼͻͽһȴҲΪΪ֮£ܾ֮˵䡣
Ҳʥ֮УΪŲ飬˭ǵ̸۴£֪ػնɱԷ塣
ɴ֮ˣСڣﶼԶǸ
ʥ󽫵ϴ˿˿⣬ɫޱȣһ˫ĿɱѾʵʣͬһڲϵ¡
ڵΪ־ЩɵļһѾܵˣԺҶԿʶĻڵϣΪҲʳһԱ˵ÿһĻֻ·һ
ʥ󽫵ﻺؿ˵
ǿߣǿɲ·ߵĴײˣҪپжٵģļ룬ԵĻòʳɿǿ
¹˭֣һʥ󽫣㻹ǴԲѰ
Ц˵
ϱأ
һɭȻٴεļ롣
ӵ建س֣̤գǵص޾سߵǰϵޱƣ·һһ㣬ΧĿռ䲻Ͽʼ졣
㣿
ɫ΢΢һ䣬û뵽ӾȻҲﵽ˴ľ硣
һƺ֮ǿߣǳԴĦĴڣǿ޵УǿѹĿֲ˭Ҳ޷뵽ġ
ȥ׷ɱһȺϣһ
Ӷߵ£غȵ
ǣ
ǿĺȵǵϴŷɵɫǿߣǿɲǿȥӦ˵ģϻھϣֻеƣ㹻Ϊ֮ֱҪ뿪Ȼޱȵ˷ܵġ
ɫʼ
Ȼȥû˿쳣ʵϣԸһʥѾΪǿˣȻľ粻㳤κβʳĴȴޱȿֲģͷųĴ㲨Ҳ˿ĲҲֻĻת档
ӵĻҪԸǿߣ˵ޱȵļѡ
ʥ󽫣汾һѹ
ӵ֮дһĲ
ԭʱҪغܶ࣬ȥΥ
ӻûдﵽľ磬ȻҪʥ󽫣ߵľȫһȻҪֳԼĵơ
ӵʥ󽫲û˿ŭⷴԴĵ˵ͷ
ǣһնɱԪ۵һ¥
ɱ
ˣ
һ޴Ȼĳ֡
һдſµһĻΧ֮иռ䣬ռ仮ֳȥ
˾˺Ϳֲ˲Χס˷ԲķΧʥ󽫵϶̲ס¶һĨ֮ɫ
һָʣһָָ
ɫ΢䣬죬ϵ𵴣ȻĴڱ˵ˣһֻȻĻӶȥ漴ӭŶԷпʼ֡
䡱
һָ
ָʮףƺƵ޼᲻ݣȻֻһָȴһɱƣɱ֮ͬս
սʤ
ָĻ쵰
ʥ󽫵ŭһǿգһҲ˳ȥ
ʩչһŹϵȭȭһһʽ·̲ؼİ˵ָǻΪΨһһеּʥ󽫵ȭеȭ֣ߵıȫĲһȴ޷󵽵Ŀֲ
¡¡
ط·һ̱һߵ׵ײһ𣬲ޱߵƻ
һָȭУ
ʥֲĹâû޾޴ӰӣԽԽԽԽҫ·һ͵һѾﵽһּ¡
䡱
ڵģ±֮󣬿ֲѾ׵йһ
ǿ飬ǳ׹ڣ·ĩһ㡣
ۡ
廯һ磬ȻĳһƬռײȥ
¡¡
޾Уһ֮޷⣬Ĵɣ̲صʹΧĿռ޷谭סĵˡ
֣ͬһ֮ǿͣЪ
ۡ
һͬƽѪ˳ɫƣȻѾܵ˿ֲĴˡ
ȿȿȡ
ڵĿ֮УϢϵı仯棬һȭӡһ˺ۣԵޱ
ϣ
ӻеУɫᣬһʥһĳֻЦݡ
һֿ֮ߵĺȻĲ򵥰ⶼûǻֻһΣڵ㣬ֻгܹ޾µõһΪɣڸѡҪôҪôǱ
̧ԼԴӣϴ˿˿Ц
Сžٵʱ䣿йٵļ䣿Ǻ뵽˴ľѣȴ޷˽⵽ĸھĹ֮УҪصĴڵ㣬һ˿ĴϢûУûܹǿĥ˵㲢һĴ㣬Ǵ㣬ûʸҵǰ
εȵΪһ۱㿴ϵĲԾЦ˵

ӵɫһƣĳ裬ڵҪܳʱĴſԳΪĴ㣬뵽ЩбޱȵĲˬ
Ȼ޷̶Է
Ȼ㲻֪ͽˣձʾնɱ㣬㣬ʵǿ󣡡
͡
ее˲䣬µӰͻȻس֣޴ƥҫĹâɵصϵչֳĿֲϢ㹻ļ¡
ۣ㣡
Ӱ֮еһĨټӵŭĺ


1749 ѹ飡
͡
ӰȻ˵
޴£ɹâϵʱ𵴣·֮һ޷ڸǵѹ
䡱
һֲıʼʱӰѾ֡
еһϵ˸ϻڲ죬ӰչֳǱۣʱıֳ˿˿ҫ⻪Ϣķڳɫ΢΢ı仯š
ӵϱǴһ˿޷ڸǵľ
ⱱ۾Ȼʱ֣˵ȴһµġ
ʲô
ʥ󽫵ɫ䣬һȥ
ԭڱһĿɲֻһλһӰ
һӰֳ˿˿ҫͺڰĲֹڰȫϵʱȻڻزԽܹںϵģһӰȴõںϣһֽްĲļ¡
飬Ƕ顭
ӵɫһߴʮ׵ľ޴壬ǿĪǴ޷ڸǵľ
Ƕ飡
ۻؿ˵ϵıǺεȵļ
侹ȻĴ顭
˵Ҳ޲ǴžȵɫȻǶĳҲ޷š
һ߹ʬѣŶһ˿飬һ˿鼴ҵĹ۲ͼ㣬֮УŴԼʮε֮Ѫ
۵ϱһ˿̰;ηƺǶǶ֮Ѫޱԡ
֮Ѫ飿
ʥ󽫵ɫҲ΢΢һ䣬һ֪˼ʲô
СǺɣ
ۿӣؿ˵
ޱȹϣһبŵĻʯ˵ĳ̶ȣȻؿԳ̬ӵǰ
ߡۣҲ˼ҿ̸𣿡
һ̰ĿһǶЦ˵
ı۱һѣȻ˵ӽ뵽˴㾳磬Ҳⱱְģȴ֪һＳȡԼٵʹԼںܳһʱ֮ڣޱȵĻ
ÿÿ뵽Щ֮ӵıޱȵķ
ߡСǿµѪһˣ㻹ʲôʸ˵˵㵱ΪԼһǿ߰۾κβ𣿡
˵䣬ϵѾʼӳͬǺˮһ㿪ʼ˸ǵصѹƣǿƹӿӵɫȻһ䣬׻Ĳ
ԭΪⱱھҶĴ֮ܵشˣ޷ԼγɶԿڿ۲ûжٵģøǿ
˾˵ƣѹƵڲҴϢһ¡
ôܣⱱôôĿֲôܣ
ӵڲ̬Ҳþգ˲ջԼϵĿֲƣ˫ĿƵĿʥ󽫣м˵
ۻԵɺ֮£õһ֮ѪԼȻûȫĻָԭĳ̶ȣǱղǰ㾳ҪǿɣѾȫʢʱڵǱ۵Ķ֣Ϊ㻹һļֵһƵˣ
ʥϼ޻Ȼ֪ʱԼòҪ£˵ӣҲȤǱҲǰԼӵûʸߵ顣
һ֮Ѫ˵Ŀֲ
ӵ֮д˿˿ľ
֮ѪĴ˵ʵ̫ˡ
ţ֮ѪϵľѪӵĿֲ;һ֮ѪԸأӳ޷󵽵ľ
뵽Щ֮ӵ֮Ѿ޾̰֮ɫ
ôָ֮Ѫ
Ȼ޷Ǿֻܹһȥ֡
ӵ񲻶˸ŹĲͷؿ˵
ձ۵Ĺƣڻʮε֮ѪҪһ룬Լ֣
۵Ļû˿أ˵ָܹһ룬ѾĪĶˡ
ã
ӿһۻڴϢ֮е֮евԶڽǵĳȷ棬һﵨҲֵĻǱ۵һ㲻ˡ
ҪΣ
û˿ԥ˵
֮дһɵɷͿ⼸˲⣬һονǾһ˵Ҳû˿ĳɡ
ҲԳΪѣ޷ΪʱҲǰΪʱѣ
Σ
û˿ԥؿ˵
ӣ㻹ϷΪǵĿܣǺô׬ˣȻȥ𣿸㣬ȫܣ
̬൱ļ
ˡһΣӵĵΣʣµģ
۵ԵǷ˿˿ɷϢƣһԲϱնɱ̬
ʱȻ֪ԼʱѾû˼ֵƣ֮ѪޱȣõһΣӵ˸ͨ˵һҲϵջ
ɽ
ʥ󽫡ӡ˵
ʱĶ·ǶΧһȫĲ֪һ㣬ֻھվ֮ϡ
ԭǿڲСѾֻһɸߵĳ̶ˡ
ϵȴڲţƺǱղŸӵĿֲ֡
һ𣿡
оԷɢĺϢʥ̲סü˵
鶼˿ֲһﻹŵĻǵöôĿֲ
鱻ӡһƬռ֮УҾ벻ʵĹ˵ĽӽĳӦûǲʸĹ
Լӣû˿𾴿ԣǴһ˿˿Ϣ·Ƕڴޱȵһ㡣
֣
Ȼĺȵ
趯޴񸫺ȻĴһĸӰͬǺɳһ㣬ʣޱߺ嫡
ָ
Ҳ֪ʱֵʱ򣬶Ҵʱþȫľͻﵽ˴ľ֮󣬲ǲǲ෴Ǳκε˶ϧԼ
Ѹ籩һָǿգÿһָǴǰҪ֮
͡
춯صâ˫Ŀ֮ͷųҰްѪ䡱һˡ
֮
ʩչͨǿеƿضԷ
ײ
ʥ󽫾һâںķŶԷ֡
ϣ
۵¶ʥϢȻһµҫâһԱɫһĹâ
ͽ䣡
չ֣ռ졣
ؼ㾹Ȼͨؼ
ӵ۾ĵɳű޷ŵĽ
רĵ㣡
ûĺ
ʱڹؼʱ̣ӵĺҲ̫ĿֲһЩ
¡¡
оΧʥࡢҫ֮ƺЩ˿˿⶯

޴ʱĿʼƶ


1750 
һŶٵؼؼһôܵõǹϵĩʱڣΪսԵʣɢ˴룬ҪͼǵϵõԼҪĶǱ컹ҪѣѰĵطûҵؼһεõģ
ӵаԵһݣڱ۵Ľ䱸֮
ʥ󽫺Ҳˡ
ʵϲСĴʵǹǿˡ

ͳΪ
һǿĴڣκεһĴԪ򣬶ǵĹϴ˵ǿԿٵأǿԴ飬˵
أһƬʵȴģ˵ҲǿߵϿɡ
Ĵȴһֱһ˵̫ʱڱת˵Ĵ˵ֻһֺεȿµĴڣȴûκεһܹ֤ʵ
ԷһˣһĴڣûоļأֻǶԷǿȴģǴĴڣԳΪĺᣬǿǿֲƺĺᡣ
ϵ壬ŴĴ˵ǾǺεȵĿֲ֮ȴҲֻڹϵĩʱڱ
ǵĴ˵ҲѾΪһبŰĴڣ˭Ҳ޷ǵϢ
ؼȴһģֳҫĹâɢ̫ͬһҫ˸ʥƥ
ҲΪʲôô뷨Եʡ
ҫ
ŭһֳ޾Ĺâ֮˿˿죬޴ķģһƬƬ˸ÿһƬŰƴСϢ϶ʥ
𣡡
ԭֻڷŭ֮еĶ飬ʱƺǸоʲôһ㣬ͻȻıһɺ嫵Ϣ޾һֻչ˲˺ǰ
䡱
һ֣֮ʱӡʥ󽫡ߵ˲ɱȥ
ߵĳҲû˿ãߵĺ֮£ǱҲûˣ˲ѹ˹ȥ
ҫâ·Ϊɲ֮һݺݵֵ˶Էȫ
̡
ͬպһ֣޾ĺɫʼ֣Щɫ޾аϢǾĵĶħһа֮дһڸǵӴɱ
аѾ뵽ڵ㣬㹻Ϊ飬޷ʸĳƺڵ㣬ֻܹȥֻˣܻϵ裬ϻһǴѪͳѪͳ׳ӣܹİϢ
ۻؿ˵
ѾһϵӡǣһӡȻȥʮֵģǿһ֮󶼿ԸоԼ˵궼ƺҪһȻų޷ܵľ޴ҫ֮
ƻⱱڹƻԷֻҪһһ¶˿˿˥߳ļ˲γɣ󳹵׵סԷӵĻһ֮Ѫ᳹׵ĳΪԼġ
𡭡
۵ĻŹƻϢȻѾãһѹ棬ʹѾʼÿһεĺ֮Уʼ˥֣ڰаҲڲϱ
еԹƻģǲĳΪԼūȻؼⱱ۵ǵõʲôΪʲô˵ؼѵ˵һοµ֮Ѫ
ӵ˫Ŀ޷ڸǵı̰ͼʵɫԵĻĺҪӶԷϵõԼҪĶȴңûԵİա
ǻ֣ʱ
ͻȻŭһȻĽеһöɢ޾ҫϢķͷ˳
һ޴Ľɫâı֣˲ںϵһö֮У޾µϢѸٵĻе˶֮ϣҵڻ
ڻЧ鷢Ĳҽ
еʵ̫ˣߵɫҰޱȣ·֮䣬ɢʼɢֱӵĶ¸ͣܵѹһʱǷǸоˣԼѾڲǵڱ
ǶƺǲԼаɢӵĽһаҲʼɢ˳
ԽԽϵĿʼۼγɵĿֲھڷ
أΪ𣬴
ŭһһѪʱһ޴ҫӰʼֳӰһƬƬɫӶÿһεĻӶǵصڣıһöģѾɢ˼£ʼ
𡭡
һŭʼɢ֮˵ѹҲ˼¡
ǶʱֳͨҫĹâȻɢȴ޷ڸסֲʥϢ㲨µϢ޲˸һǿ̬
ڣ֮Ѫֻӣܹõֻأ
۵˫ĿʱѾɫɫ˸ĹâǹƻĲ˿һ۶оԼҪסһ㡣
͡

Ҳ֪ʱǹĶǵʱѾȻ״̬ȻҪʩչȫɱǶû˿ķ֮
ˡ
۵һ죬ΧĿռ䶼ڱ
һ̣ﶼʼüžޱȣ·Լ˵궼סһ涼ںһֻϡ
䡱
һµı֣һö޴ҫ۵ķĳ׵ıըˣһ֮УżĽУڵģʮͬʯһƯС
ֳ֮׽֮ɫ޾İ׽ɫĻ棬Բޱȣͬ۴СÿһŶҫʮ㣬һʥϢ
֮ѪʮһΣȻʮһΡ
ӵ૵ĵ
ԭ˵ࡣ
ҪΣʣµԼȥְɣ
ۻĿ˵
֮еȴޱȵŨƺھʲôһ㡣
ߵɫ΢΢һ䡣
ǿⱱ۵֮дŵĲǷŨޱȵɱ⡣
ΪĿɬղųǰͷϳܵѹΪֲѾʼѣûһε֮Ѫںܳһʱָܹġ
ҪΣ
ӻؿ˵
ʥû˿ԥ¶̰ɫ˵
ҪΣ
ƺһжΪ˳ʣµһνģȴûκεһ˶֣ΪǶо˶ԷɢĿֲɱ⡣
ǱۣЦЦӿ£ӵɫǴ˿˿Ϊĵ黹ǷˣⱱҪڳԺڣ
ǶҪĻǾͽҰɣ
ȻģһƬռ֮УѸٵĳһ䶯ƣģһֲ䶯֮УһֻѸٵĳ֣һѳʮһε֮ѪѸٵ뿪


Ҷ쵰
Ľɢ޷ڸǵķŭϢ
תߣᣬѾʧԭ


1751 ɱ㣡
ҶģӸоԼѪҪˣɫѿǷ˶ڲͬһɽһĿʼ衣
һ̣ľȫĵȼˣըҩһķ񱬷
Ļ쵰СҪɱ㣡
۴ĺ
ôõʱˣò׵ҵ˻ָԼԭȫʢʱİ취ھȻʧˣεĶܹİ
ԭȷʵǴֻҪеһֱˣϾԼҪ֮ѪͿԼָԭľ磬ʣµ㹻Լȥˣڿʮһ̲֮ס̰ˣȴû뵽Լ̰ǸԼ˿
˭Ҳûпڿ񱼵ʱϵıǺεȵļ˵Ŀ׼ҶʱĻﾹȻһ
ҫ˸ǾȻһ֮Ѫ֪ҶģаԵĸм֮УҲ漴Ŀ񱼡
һΣѾ㹻þõûжһͻƵʱˣ뵽ЩıޱȵĻȣǺļˡ
СⲻõõĶֻҪһξͿˣۿԸһΣϵĹ
Ҷıߣǧ֮ɲǳ˿󵽵ģı⽣֮Ϳռ֮Լǲ˸ΪֲĲÿһεĻӶˣ˾⼸˻һξ롣
һΣۣʮΰһΣεܹң
۴ĺ
СӣһβãǾΣӺһһΣʣµĸ
۵ʱӵһߣҪεģ֮ѪǿɲǴײˣѰ֮һζ㹻˷籱ﶼҪ׵Լһεģεܹĸʡ

аԵŭһӵٶȿʼӿ졣
ΣǲеģҪ֪ҪҲǺܴģ
Ҷݳ˵Ƿ⣡
ݣ
аԵ
ʥ󽫣ҿ˵ֻһΰɣһˣ
ҶĻͻȻһתʱһ׽ɫĹâݳɢ޾ҫϢʥȻֻһΣȴ·һ̬ΧĿռһƬ˸
͡
һ֮ѪѸٵĻգ˲ʱıһת˲ѣʧԭǿֲ߶£Ѹٵʧ׿⡣
ã
ۿΧĿռ俪ʼ㱬ƣǲкͺڰĶѨʱĶԽһ֮Ѫȥʥ̲סĽ
ʱһ٣ת뿪
ʥ󽫣㡭
ۿѣû뵽Ҷ쾹Ȼһ֣Ļʧȥһʥ󽫣׷ѰҶĿԽļһֵġ
λۣ뿪һ֮ѪȵѰҵ֮ǻϣ
ʥ󽫴ĽеԴǵ̬ޱȵǷ⣬ӺͱĲϼһʵĿɺޣǶ̲סĲɱ⣬һ˵ɣʵϣ˭֪Էǲܻˡ
ҶҪɱ㣡
Ӵĺķ
ҵ£
ҶٴεĴεȵǷⰡ
ҫͽ䣡
һʮƳ֣ԼĿԿʥʮƵĵʱҫâʼıŷݻޱܣ˲ʱıķޱȿֲٶڼӳ֣ת˲ѱʧԶֵҶ
ҫ˿ʣһֶεǲ٣
ҶЦһ
ҫҲӵУεĻẦһңڵҶѾﵽ˴̫žľ磬;ѧ໥ںϣȻûа취սʤԷǺͱӲӲĸһܵеġ
ǧʥ֮ҫ֮ì
ѧ͸һµĹѸٵǵأѹ
䣡
͡
ײΪֲһìѾȻ˱۵ǰ
䡱
ì壬˲Ŀֲ
֮ìǡ֮Уľѧһì˺һ꣬۵죬ڵ󲿷ֵ̬̬γɵģ֮ìƻ޷ݵĿֲǿ
ۡ
֮ì
Ҷٴεһ֮ì׵Ķ˶Էת˲֮䣬㽫Էľٵһµĳ̶ȡ
Ҷʹ
ſƣȻ
ֻһץָ֣ȴ·𽫷ԲķΧһ㣬ռ̣ٴһȭ
ۻȭ
ޣ
ǿƼ򵥵ֱӵʩչֻһѣȴǧ򻯵ĸǣһȭѾĸȭӰµȭ⣬ĺ¡
УҹҾ͹Ϊ˭Ϊ𣿡
Ҷģǻ֮еݣǺεȵǷⰡ㻰ոյĳֶѣȴѾӳ׵Ŀʼץˡ

޾ı仯
Ҫҧ𣿡
Ҷ첻мЦ
ߵٶޱȵѸ٣۰ҶĻ֮ìѹ֮Ҫ׷ȴѾʧȥߵټ
ãã棬εȵľ޴ΣҲ٣ҪѰˣ붼Ҫѡ
ӺҶߣ໥׷Ѱӵٶȴ޷׷ѰҶ죬Ҳڲ֪֮䣬ǧ·̡
ģѾһƬĿյ֮ϡ

Ҷ³һ΢΢ĲһϵĺˮղţǼ˵ǰ֮Ѫν൱ѡ
û߲ļӳ֣ûг⽣֮Ϳռ֮İû֮ĳ֣ûɱ֮صİ֣ûǣҶ϶ûа취õʣµľŵ֮ѪǵõˣҲû˿İ취ȥ뿪ġ
еճ̶ȣǳ֮κһ˶ûа취ᵽġ
䡱
ȵҶոյ³һѣѾ̤޾գ׷
ΧҳģϢ൱ԣһɭĸо
Ҷڣܲˣ
ӵϴŵɫؿ˵
Ҷޱǿ󣬵Ҳǽڴٵɵģʧȥ˴٣Ӹҿ϶ԼԿնɱ
ڣ໥׵ľѣôݵľ룬ӾԵаһƷ
˭˵Ҫˣ
Ҷ¶һĨ׳һŶԷм˵
Լеʣµľŵ֮ѪҶϱҲΪĿġ
֮Уеһζҩı֮Ѫƺˣң֮Ѫǿ̶ȲֻˣеľһԼռȡĻޱȿֲģʱԼõĺôҲǳ󵽵ġ
𣿿ĳһɽˮˣϵ޷֧㳤ʱĿ񱼵ġ
ӰԸ̾ԼǺܺð
ΪԼǿһ·׷޷׷Ҷ죬ڣҶе֮ѪԼˡ
뵽б̲סĿĺͼ
˵ˣҲΪҪܰ
ӵҶ컺ؿ˵
ǡɱ㣡



1752 Ű
¡¡
屩ǣͬһɿٶȿľˣ·һһ㣬ͬһâٶȣת˲֮УѾʧ
㣬ֻŴϣԲŻñΪ֮ɵڵ㣬֮е϶ѣҲҺͱʷ׳գİ׳գ
ӵ¶Цɫм˵
ȴƺˣԼڿʼʱ׷Ѱôʱ䣬ûнҶ׷ֻǵȵҶ콫ٶȷǵֹ֮ͣ󣬲ҵٶҪһλ̫žǿӵеģ
ۻȭ죡
ʩչۻȭһžȭѾﵽһֳ󵽵ĳ̶ȣھ˹ϵ´֮󣬵һʱֻܹ䳹׵еľ衣
ֻ֮߿ȫΪĲʳ֮УҲֻӺͱܹﵽ֮ľ硣
ĲڴһŴۻȭʱѾ˴ǿ󾳽磬Ȼģ֮ȭȻǿ󣬵ȴޱȵ£һǿеʩչԻᱻЯȭ
ӵһȭʱҲڴ̫žʱԵĴﵽһҵĵز
ڵѾеζȻʩչΣȫĲһ
һ֣һצצܳĹâͬצĳһ㣬޷ݵ֮·Ҫضһ㡣
Ҷɫ䣬ָӲʯһȭ

Ǿȭǰӡȭںϣžѧࡣ
ҶʼǿҲԽĸоˣȭ֮յĿֲڲϵݻİ
Ȼֻһȭȴܳޱ͵
Ԫۣ֮
˲ֹȥ
΢
Ԫ֮ۿʼѰ٣Ҷ̤߲һȭصĳһɱ˹ȥ
ӵɫһ䣬Ȼıһޱܣӿ
ǿֲĶΧȭ⡢ȭӰ˲飬ȴԵľ
ҶһȭȻѾ׼Լȭ֮һȭȫûиԼ˿Ļᣬֻת˲һȭȴԼ߸ˡ
ҵʵǴľ磬Ȼ˵ûоٵѹƺʹǾˣѰĴ֮ǿ߶ҵĶֵģҶֻһ̫ž϶ѣٵЧǿ߶Կնɱ˻εڴʧ֮޷ҶԿİ
磬ǿߵĸȻſƳ߹ԼĿ´ڣȴҲûҶġ
ˣΪ뵽˴ľ磬նɱνĴ̫žǿߣǰ벽ǿߣҲһǧġ
һ磬޷ݺͺġ
Ҷ죬ӵѾԵһּʣԼĸоһ˿ԾƺԼڲ֪Ѿ뵽һ֮С
ҵоȻһ˿£ⲻܣؼΪµţҵĳضΪ֮ȲʣҪնɱҵ˻ûг֣بûУδҲڵģڵңﵽ˴ľ磬˭նɱң
뵽Щ֮ӵҲʼһֿµš
Ҷò˵ʵȷʵҲˣžԵؼޱȹϵؼϢȭ֮Ҳһ˿Ĳ·̲֮Щ㽾ʱԽնɱ֣ǺͱʶԿԵľ̫̫ˣصĲֻ࣬췱֮еһţȷʵգĽֻ
ӵ˫ĿضҶ죬ؿ˵
˵𣿡
ҶЦ˵
ӵʱˣȻ˵ĴԲѡ
Ǿ԰ɣ
֮ҶȻʧˡ
䡱
һȭ֣һȭޱߵɵĽԲĿռ
ʧˣ
Ҷʧ˲䣬ѾвãһֱҶ죬Ҷ첻ԼǰʧĿܣʧˣԼҲ޷ֵġ
¡¡
ͬصĻӴһ㣬ӵɫ䣬˲оˣԼԴ棬һֲصϢѾڴˡ
䣡
񱩵ıƶʱ
һµı·ž޴ʯ໥ײһһ㣬ĿѾ޷ݡ
ӵʱֱӵĴȥٶȿľˣֻת˲ѣȴѾ³ʮ׵ĵز
Ҷû˿ԥٴεĳ֡
͡
ռ߲ݻѾ˺ѳĺۼ
֣
ȭ
ȭ
Ҷĳٶȣ·׷һ˷ָ
ϡң
ӷ޷ŵŭ
ǵģ޷ţ޷Ͽһ㡣
ʵǴ֮ĳ̶ȡ
ҶֻǴ̫žĲһ죬ĺü찡ǾϵĲ࣬ôܽԼɲ˵Լ
޷޷ţǲܹϿɣ
ۻȭ壬췭ظ
Ʋƣ·Ļ֮ߣǿ˸ǳ׹ޱߵ׵ͷ˳
Ҷ
֮ì
ٴγ֡
Ҷ߲̫ˣѾγһΧǿնһƬȴڲС
ٵìɢűĲޱƣ˲Ŀʼסӵ
ʱϴ޾Ļֿܹ֮֮סҶȴ޷סϢĻ֮ì
ۡ
͡
ì˲Ľӵȥ

һȭɱҶһ̫ӡǿʼת
ʮƵĳ֡
Űٱļӳ۵Ҷһ֮Уٵأҡ
ʲô
һԶǿĽ
һȺǿھﵽĵزȴԸоһɰԵ
ȭ⣬£ȥ
Ȼڣ
һ֡
ԽԽǿ߳ĳҶ
ôµѾǵע⡣
ʲôԵƥǴΪ֮Ĳܵģǲģ˭Ҳɱң
Ӵĺ

ӣʳӰ
ȻӣС˭ôĵӣӵıǲ򵥰
ע⵽
Ҷ㵨ɱʣ֪ʵıŶôµ𣿡
Ӵĺ
ڵĸоҶĿֲԼС˶Է
ߡ
ҶεĻᡣ
ֱӵѡ֣һȭĴ޾谭
ɣ
Ҷ֪һı̶̬ȣȻĲڸǶһɱ¾֮ġ


1753 񱩳
䡱
Ҷһȭӵķָ֮ӲĺϲһٴεȭӰ
ۡ
ӵСʧȥ˻ıʱһȭҶʵʵĻУһֲײһѪ˳
ϴ޷ڸǵľʹ֮ɫȫû뵽Ҷ쾹Ȼ˵ײС
Ҷ죬Ҫ֪ҵıֻһǿػȫ֪ҵĴڵǴʲô
Ѿ֪ǰҶȷʵնɱԼǰκεһ˶޷ȥвͿֲҲ⣬־ڵѾҪʼˡ
áӴˣ
ͻȻһ󾪺˳ֻһйϵսǾȻڴʱˡ
ǵ߻߼Ԧ޻ߴŹĸƿǣȻѾ׷Ѱ˲ٵĹƿأû뵽ﾹȻԼĴ۱˴̬
ҶҶɱ
ҶĴڣȻ֪ģҶıǿĺܣֻһֻһĴڣȴŴƻӵļƻӲֹһεĳֶԸӣεĶҶˣ޷ȥĮӺͷϵġ
䡱
ҶȻ廯ͨһ޴Ļʼ֡
ħ֮

߻ХʱѾ޷ȥֱˣǼԦħ֮Ҷȴư磬󿪴֮䣬˫ȭ·ǳһ㣬ÿһεĳȭһڣɽӿʼѣ¿ʼʧɫڹ⣬ҡҡ׹ǺΪ֮ת
غֱײһâڴʱѾ˼¡

λǿķĲҽ
ǱҶȭ֣ħ֮ļӳ£˲Ļ޾Ѫ⣬ĻᶼûС
ʱҶ죬ڽ뵽˴̫ž̲֮صѾﵽһµľ磬㾳νǿ۷ĳ̶ȣݻޱǸһµ̬
ֲ̬֮£޷ƥеġ
䡱
ҶٴεĳȭһȭնҪѣ濪ʼһɽĺۼ
նɱ
ϵնɱ
ΧһȺڿֵǿǣ̲ס¶˲͵ӵɫʱƣһȺǿҲһƬռ䣬̰Ĵʹ£뵽һƬռ֮С
֮أȻԪŨЩǿߵõ˲ٵıȴû뵽ǣԭоϢȻ·ޱ߲ĵطȻһޡ
Ҷ飬նɱ⣬ÿһȭԴһƬѪȷ磬ǱҶĳմȾϵ޹֮Ҳֻܹϵùˡ
ɱ¾֮ˣЩ˼٣ЩմѪ֮ҲǲٵģңЩ˵ɱ¾ˮԷļ򵥣ÿһеѪȶٹˡ
ȴûһܹҶ̶ȡ
ǿǣնɱ˵ʱûжһ£Ϣû˿ĸıġ
ֱǸһ޷Ϣĸо
·ڵĴϢǰҶע⡣
ӵޱ߿־壬Ҷʵ̫ˣնɱԼ£û˿飬ǱĮȻȫĶĮȻĮȻֻǶڵ˵ĮȻǶĮȻ
֮У󶼻ΣӲģӲ²ҪģҶ㴦һ֣ļһҲΪͷ۵ġ
ǰɽӵ̬һо첻µز£ʱҲʼĺˡ
ɱɱ
ӴĺϰҫĹâ֮ʼ£ͼεľأԼĻָԼš
һﵽ˭Ȼ˵磬ǲʳ˰һ˻ǲʳƿأӰ˽뵽˴ǿ󾳽磬ԺЩڰϹƽƽˣѾ£Ϊ֮ڵġ
ǰ˵һ뿪صԼĲʳ֮󣬱㽫Ѱҵɽ֮еĹǿߣʱٴεĵȼս
ѵ˵ӵ߻ǿߣ
ϻ˭ǿⲻʳͳƿذǿߵȻǿػ˵ڳʱطڣһʱϹĳ֣ͼնɱ˴˵Ǵ֮ĴڻῪһոµĻʳȻҪնɱȴźܶĹǿڰػȴĳΪ֮󣬱㽫ġ
ΧصǿǣеĿ˵
ϣҶ
Լ£˿ԵֿסҶ죬ӵжڵѪɶ£ÿһλԺո»ʳĸ
ɱһһĺ
䡱
Ҷ̤߲һٵӵǰһȭɱȥնɱΧ谭
ˢ
ӺҶٴεĽˡ
ߵâһţ˲ʧ
áػۣ
оҶϱĿֲɱ⣬ЩʳǿǶʱĺ

ҶȭͷֳͣУʱɫҲѾɱ˻ȵĵزϱѪ޾޴
һͳĲʳߣʿ޵Уһص֮ˣ͹ϵؼףǼ֮
ٵأ
ֳ־޴Уؼһ㣬ľ˾ͷ·Ҫس׵

Ҷ廯֮ˣ˸˫ֻĺۼÿһۼƼ򵥣ȴ̲İһһһʽĪ̲
Ȼʱӵ飬һȭȭӰۣӰչֳ
䷨࣡
׻
Ҷ֣ˮ֮ķ࣬ޣһȭӶ˺ѳâǴ̫İ׻࣡
ߵķ඼ǿֲȻıըҶϣֲսۣʱӵ
еľ޴дĲ죬ݻĲơ
꣡
̫ǿ޷֮£һֱֻ۱ΣѾ۶ϣѪ񱩵Ĵɳȥ

Ҷ˫ֽӡӵıһķ
䡱
һ˫ҲڻӶ޾ȻĻӵı
飡
һҽУһͬһ㣬㽫նϣѪ֮УѾ˿˿⣬ȻѾܵ˿µѹơ
ɽӡ
ٴεһӵһࡣ
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޴ıɽӡʱҶ۵˼£ȥʮ׸ߵɽʱͬһһ㣬Ȼıӵ档
Ѫʼ˼¡
֮УײĿռѪϵѪʡ
˿˿İ׹Ƕ©˳ȥɭȻֲ
ǲʳͳߣνؼĶӣˣ˭ܹԿԭ緢˭̬ȴޱң


1754 ӡ
䡱
ռ伤ֱӴҶ챾ǰ棬ҶҲȥڵѪһŭӰһ㣬ֱۺɨȥһкɣʱҽС
͡
һİ׹Ǵڼ˳ҶһξȻڵĹǺʼѺͱˡ
ʱҶȻ죬ĹƿҲһľҶٶ̫ˣǼʶˣȴҲûм˿ֲ鰡
ǴǿߣҶڵľ粻ֻǴ̫ž죬ڳ˵УбҪ͵ȵľˡ
Ǿһ㾳ȴԽӴң˭ܹţ
Уٵ˻ǰˬѡ
ϾЩʵ̫İԵˣԳǲʳͳ̳ߣһֱвǹ壬˲ٵԹǵļ壬Ҫնɱնɱڿ˵ң̲סһҪֵĸо
ȻҲֻѣڵӿȥҵĺܣȴҲǱϵôļ򵥵ģʳôõˡ
ǲȻԼʧ˴룬κλһֵǿߴѡػʳ
һĴ̲֮صµĺܡ
˵ӲϵƣǿȴҲǳȲѣĻȻĲѡԿġ
䡱
ҶһȭٴεĺȻӰ˵һ㣬һȭкȥѪɣӵҽеһת
ҩҪߣ
׵
ʱѾ˵̬ˣЩǿڻǲֵܹģҩһĲŤ̬ȻҲʼˡ
뵽֮еͽ׵ʱ

ҩɫһ䣬漴תҪ뿪
ߣôɺף
һλƿأʩչѧһ磬˲ĺɱ˹ָ·ӥצһ㣬˺˲񷡣
ҩİ࣡
ɣ
ǿĳ֣ѹҩ
ʱҩλǶԷĶ֣ڣѾ˵֮ģȻĸӲǵĶˡ
Һ֮ȫûìܣȴһٶ鷳
ҶӣߴЦȵ
Ѫʱ죬޷ӵ屻ѪģϴԹɫȫûԭְȻ̬
΢һ֮ʣȴû뵽ȴҲҷˣ
ӵ˫ĿɭȻ֮ͫг˱ĺ⣡

ҶЦ˵
䡱
ۡ
һȭصĴ˶Էؿ棬ļɢѣѣѪ硣
Ҷʵ㡭ȿȿȡĵɱ˱ʣ͵ɣʸһᣬ̵Ĺڵϰ󱾻ʣĻȵʱǿ߳ˣͳ׵군ˣ
ȥõģ
ҶĵĲ֪һţȻڴԲѵĶԼ˵
ӴʱҶһͷ˫ĿԹޱȣ֮ͫеɭȻɱԸסһƬˡ
ĺޣԶ죡
ΪҲɱ𣿡
ҶЦſŶԷһ̤˶ԷϣͬǸһ㣬һžصѹӵϣεĶȴҲû˿İ취ȥҶ̤ҽš
㵨ɱʣˣ֪ʱжٿµǿ֪ǶǺεȴ𣿹壬ǶŰɣڵҲˣԶ޷֪ʵıжٵǿߣˣùĽЩˣ
Ӵĺ
꣡
ҶصһŲȥһţӵԴˡ
Ѫɣϵļⱻصļ̤̬ĲʳǿΪ֮
ǵƶڲĶ̲סһӺ⡣
ȴ޷ǰȥ
һɺ嫵Ѫǵǰ֣ǵĲ˿ս⡣
ս־
ս֮£ҶսѪͨս⣬ǲ׵ȥ֣
ǲײĲᣡ
ҶЦ˵
̲֮ޱߺ⡣
Ӻò׻۳һ˿ǿӲʱУĺ
Ҷ㲻ɱңɱңĵˣ֮жûĲ֮
ҶЦ
㲻˵֪ǴεܹѰҵңıǿεѰңɱ˵ıҲҲ£ܵıȴ޷ģ
ҶĻźεȿµɱһʱӵޱȣڵĸо˺ڣǺҶ죬ǺڣڿʼʱΪʲôնɱҶ죬նɱϣȴ˶ԷڵĻᣡ
ɣ
ҶȭͷϴŰ׽ɫĹâޱȵǳ̫֮ںϣǳͽ֮ĵӣںһֱȡӵ
һȭҶ޾㹻ĺɱӱˡ
䡱
ӵʱı֧飬ûһ˿ļ⡣
ȻһȭȻֲȴûнնɱԷһ䶯֮󣬾Ȼٵľۼһ𣬻ָ

ҶʱһȣǾ㵡
ӵĻָ̫ˣǳѰ˵İٱֹ
ôܣ
Ҷһݣ˵вѾһ˿衣
ɱҵģɱң
ĺ
Ҷ죬Ҳȫû뵽ӾȻ޷նɱ
ҶٴεĻȭһδεĻӵԴŹһﾹȻһδεĻָ˹
壬ӨӨĹâ˸޾Ϣʡ
ǲʵѪͳ֮ôĿֲ
˷˸̾
Ļɱһ޷ɱҪùˣ
ٵ̾
ʣ𣡡
ҶԼһ˿
ŲʵѪͳڵѪһ£ǲʺųƲ𣬶̳ѪͳӿҲˣȻԼǿ󣬵ȴҲվǲСġ
ܹΣޣȴֹܹҶٴΣ
ԴЦݣҶȴ¶һĨ䡣
֮ì
ͣ
һì֣ìɭȻϢɱԭıȻĿʼɫѪȴҲǱǿѣǲġ
ҶĻ֮ìǱ۶޷ֿӿûаյֿסҶĻ֮ì

һ֣ʱĳ֡
¡¡

һ˳
ìѾӵ꣬߳˸ޱߣͬףµĲ˷Բ׵ķΧ
ϢµǿоԼƺǿʼһ˿ļ
¡¡
ϢȻĳˡ
ϢبŵĲۿžҪҶˣ
ס֣ǵҶһ£ϷȻ
֮ʱ¶һĨϲ
Цȴ˲ʧ
͡
֮ì˺ӵ꣬˶Էһ˿ܡ
ӡ


1755 أ
ɱӣ
ĳˣ
һﵨ찡ӰŹϵĲʳ֮У޾ǿߴڵģǻ֮䣬Ŷھ֮ϣеĳչز
ң
ŭ񣬴ɵĲƺƵĳҶˡ
һ̣ضˣﶼҪ̲סĤ
۵ȻֹеȴҶ쿴ȥϣӶԷϿʲô仯
κΣʱҶȴû˿ı仯ǿٵĽϵһرߣ漴һ֣ȸ࿪ʼ뵽˶Էڡ

һѴ֣ʱûҲ޷ֿסҶʴҶ쳹׵ڻγһľѪ
͡
Ҷ˲ϢɵӵľѪ
̫ײˣһǱӵ𣿡
ӱǿپ·̣Сӷȥ£ǿ˵ת˲Ѱ
ǿˡ
ʳǿŭͼҶһδεĺɱҶķ֮С
ʱǻʲô£ˣͬǵƿأˣȴıǰҶնɱ겻˵ϵһر
Ҷˣ
ǿĺ
ʱʧͬһ㣬̼ıǿ˳ȥԴʯӰ񣬻ͨؼԼĻ
εģҶȴĳˡ
һϵǿ߷׷׵Ŀʼ
޷Ӳˡ
߱չأڶھ֮ϣһֶ޷ΪɰЩǿߣǲʳǿߣĵػ
ӵѪǴڣǿ֮ڿûѪˣӵǾǴŲʳ׵군ˣ޷ܺͳϵġ
ǿһڿڵԭоҶŹ൱ĸڵ֮ǵֿȴ˲ʧµֻ޾Ŀ־塣
¡¡ʳѪͳȻȫʧˣ
һϵĴɽ֮£һ˰ԵͻݳɽѣǸߴ׵Ĺϴɽ˲ıһˡ
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һ˴ӱ֮رŷ
ɽ֮ϣȴû뵽ȻòʳѪʧˣ˭
¡¡
һϹǣʱͲסˣҪйҪ֣Ҫնɱɱ֮
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һеλǿߣ
ÿһൽ˼£ϵۿƹѣںȴһֳ޷󵽵˸
ǻ棿һﾹȻţ
׿һλ뷢ŻɫĹ֮ˣĽе
Ѫսһﲻ֮У߻ħ𣿡
찡ǹͷϼһﲻŻػ֮ƵĻ𣿡
С
ǿʼһĲʳǿҲ̲ס֮УÿһλŹϴǿߣЩʳսĳڣȴû뵽Ȼš
ӡʳѪȻʧˣ
Ϊϴ˿˿ɷؿ˵
ԷΪĶ죬ȻǸղһλҪֹҶֵǿߡ
ͼҶס֣ȴվǸ·̣޷ת˲
ҲҶ˵ˡ
ǵΣû뵽ԭȴվһ
һλŻ۵ϸˣؿ˵
֮неһŮԡ
Էϴ˿˿ĺ綾һ㣬Բ˿ĺøС
ǶԷϵǿ󲨶ȴ㹻κεһˡ
նɱ𣿡
һ˿ڣҶ죬˵
վȥƵֲֿȴΪ֮·̫ħɽһļµϢ㹻κεһ˵
Щǿߣʵͨ죬ʥ̶ȣǵǰҲֻСѡ
Сӡ£
Ҷ죬ĺ
زǺӶҪҡҡ׹ת޾Ѻۼž죬һŭ𣬽һǿߵȫһ
ۡ
ǿߣ׷׵ĿʼѪѣȴ˿ķ
ĺÿ졭
Ҷ찵Եľ
ֻԵĵʱ䣬ȴû뵽ӵȻôǿߣЩһϵϢɲɫȥġ
ΪСһˣѾڴľϣԼʵ޷ͶԷγɶԿĿܵģ
ڣ˻֪飬Ļ򶼻ᱬģڣһҪѹˣ䳹׵նɱ
滺ؿ˵
棬뷢죬վͺһŻһʮɶѣȴһ޷ڸǵĴ̬·˰һ֮һ㡣
ߴüĴһڵӡǣţǴ֮У޳νĽںᣬŽڵѪͳ
һڱǻʮ㣬Եƥ
Сӣ㾹Ȼվֱڵϣ
ĺȵ
·һֿɲĹâ޾ȵϢռ䶼΢΢Ĳǿ׹
һѹҲ֮ʼҶϿʼѹʱһѹĺ޷Ŀֲ
ߡ
Ҷ˫Ŀ΢΢һɺ챬Ц
ȻǲʳˣʲôˣʲôĹӹȻ̵Ĺã

ǿŭÿһλǿղ׵Ĳ֣ܵ裬ҶĻʱǵв޾ɱ⣬ŭ֮УϵɱҲʼɭȻ֮
սѪͳսӰ
˫Ŀɺ˸ͬɲĳһ㣬й˼£ת˲㼤˳̼ʩչ磬绮գһֲѲ
һ֮վǿ֮ϣ·ǵһվУ˿ĲһȺˣ¶˿˿Ĳм̬ӣǺεȵĽͲ
սӰŭһһ㣬߳£ֳս֮ǹֿ˵ѹơ
¡¡
һĺʼ֣һضҪʧɫˡ
СӣԵƣѹܹӶҪʧߣ
Ц
ǾñĽ
˵УΨһһλŮӣϴЦݣͬһֻ֩һļµϢȻĻӶԼơ
ƣȫĲͬԼϵļǰɬǴĹâ·һƷһ㣬ޱˡ
ֻӶƼ򵥵һУǿȴ·εؿסһɬʼγɣز񷡣
еǿ޲оԼĺһɬͬǱʲôƿһ
䡱
ҲʱȻһڣΪ֮ĤݣһǿϢɿĴյ˳
λǿߵɫһǴӶԷ֮п˾ϲĹâ˸
ءѵǲʵıأ
ϸ˼Ľе֮д˿˿̰֮ɫ


1756 ټ౦
˵ⲻʧʱһƬһռ֮ڣȻһƬռ䣬ѵ˵ǵôĺãȻܹ
ϸ˵ʮ㣬·Ľ໥Ħ֮ӣϴŷɫһܵ˷ܡ
ӦñˡСӣҪĽĻǸˣǾĵùˣʵǿ󣬵ȴ֪ͨκȵʵĶֵ֣Ļǿɲһ£
滺ؿ˵
ǻҲ˵ı飬Ȼ˶ڲʳûжٵĹУǶڲʺҲûжٵĹУƺǶҶնɱһ൱ɵĸо֪ΪʲôоҶʮֵǿҡ
ѵұ˵ǹʹһΣ
Ҷüͷֹ
СӣҿĳԵĲ򵥣޷ǶԿϵԴľѧԱ޷㵽˺εȾѧеبšɬİϢȴޱȵԣȻһż򵥵ľѧȻ˵ĻһλᣬΪūڷõһУӵ飬а취֤İȫ
ҶĶߴһСŮӣżʮ̬֮УΨһŮϸˡ
Էʱ˫ĿĿҶ죬·ڵȴҶĻش𣬵ıȴޱȽķ·һֻȸһ
Ȼϸ˿ҶǾԲܾġ
˵ǰһе谭ǸƣضҶ죬ӲҪ˵ˣˣҶҪĻֻܹһ㡣
Ůԭⲻʳһλ۵ŮˣǿܳΪۺһĴڣǺǧ鷳ѶӵУ֮鷳ʹϸܶ鷳ʹ顣
Ҳˣϸ˶ڲʳûжٵͬ͹Уӵ̸ȥΪӱˡ
ߡСӵϲ֪ôµľѧԱ޷·һƬˮһ㣬޾һֻɬϵϢǱҪȥӶû˿İ취Ȼһﲻ򵥰
Ů˵Ļȷʵܺãˣʮ֮˾ŻϿɺͬģҶ˭Ķ첻£زµǰ֮εǿ󣬾ǶԷεĿ£ȴҲ޷κסԷֲĲΪǣûκεѹƸС
Σ
Ҷ쵭˵
ûдֱӵĵ˵濪ڵġ
⻰˵ʱǿ߳ϸ˿˹ȥ¶˿˿Ź̬Ȼû뵽Ů־Ȼô졣
Ǻܿȴ¶һĨֻЦݣȻǶڶԷĳԱޱȵĿĺͼ
㣡
裬ǿҵ裬ϸû뵽Ҷ쾹ȻҾܾԼֱǶĪˡ
ȥεܹ㣬εܹܡ
Ҳûıֱѡ˳֡
亮⡣
ֲ˲
СӣҲҾܾΪԼնɱһССӱ㲻֪ߵغˡ
ϸ˵ĻޱȣҴԹĲȻǶҶѾ޵˼£޲ýҶ˳׵
ֶξˣĻӶƣѾ亮Ⲩƣ·Ƕһ㣬ΧϵĿʼεš
һжֻǷת˲֮䣬˭Ҳûа취ֹ
Сֶζѣ֪ݣ
Ҷ˫Ŀɺ˸Ĺâͬһаһ㣬ɺŹޱϸ˵һľ
ǲʳ֮УھεӣǱʮεĵռΪӣȴⶣúôȻ˲СŮ񶾵ŮˣΪ𣡡
ҶļԪ֮˸ϵһۿ˶ԷѸٵ̤߲
ŮȻ£Ǻܴһȴġ棬Ҷ޾ѧľӵ޾֮Է㶾ػĶ˵һһĴڣûʲôɱԡ
˶Էࡣ
ҶȻǵĲġ
¡¡
֮УٴεĳһµıޱȵĿ񱩷·һ޴ʼһ㡣
ãŮǸϽ뿪Ѿкܶǿ߿ʼˣСܲ˵ģ
Ľе
ǸоΧĿռ䲨ޱȵĿ񱩣Ȼˡ
ǿޱȣʱǿ϶Ҫնɱģȴûʱ䣬ʱÿһ붼ޱģǲòסҶɱ¾֮ģߴűŮʼ뿪
͡
һɫӡǳҶץ
ӡſֲĲ·һֻɫ֩룬Ҷɿץ
ʲô
Ҷһ㶣û뵽ŮȻڴʱֶ֣̫ˡ
ֻһ˲ĳ㳹׵ˡ
ߣС˱ӡǣֻ֮󣬶޷ѱӡǵģ
ŮЦ˵
漴̤뿪

Ҷһ㶣漴ٵĿʼԼѰ
ǣһӡǾȻ˪һ㣬弴˲ʧҶѰ˺óʱ֮󣬾Ȼûҵ
ӡǹȻǿֲڵһܹ̽Է˵ҵʵڴ̫žľ֮ΪᱩǵģʱĻҪ뵽һɲĲҲǲܣССһöӡҲ谭סҵġ
Ҷ찵Ե˼֮УҲٵʧ뿪
ҲǲȫģȻҶ첻ˣȴܹȥġ
Ҳ뿪
׵ĺȵ
Ȼѡ뿪ģǵʵǴǿ߶ˣٴεǴ
䡱
޴ٴεĳˡ
֮ϵһʼ֣ƽɫĹâì̬ʼٵǰȥ
Ҷ׷ѰѾ¶һĨĺ֮ɫ
ôǿ̬
һĻ֮Ҷ쳹һ˿Ĳ·תУһһﶼһǿĲ
ӣȻ㣿
Ҷϱһı仯¶˿ĵ̬һȥ
ⱦɫ·һıһ㡣
ķйԴԲԲģͷɢŹⱦǶ౦˭
ʱĶ౦ڸ̾Ŀգ͵Ҷʱһȣ漴¶һĨŹֵɫ
СӣȻҲ
ܿıоʲôһ㣬¶˾ȵɫ
ÿµϢȻﵽ̶ȣǱүԶ
౦һ̶С۾ϵĳҶϿ˹ȥƺΪľȣʱҶ죬Բһ壬·Īͨһ㣬ޱȵǿ󡭡


1757 ˮһգ
Ҷһݣʵ;ȻٴεıǣΪȴѾԵֻ౦һ۱㿴Լڵʵжڶ౦ʵʵʼһĦԽǲ²ԽĸоѾɲⰡ
ӣôҲ
ҶûĿѾģʵܲ˶Է·ǿһԼ񣬳˵
үһֱòð
౦û˵
һֱ
Ҷ̲סıޱȵĿѾһۡ
ٺٺ١ȻˣսүҲˣֻĿռ̫ķˣүҲֻǾˣȻҪϹȴû¡
౦ЩɬĸԼ⻪Դ˵
һҶѾֱӵѡ֮
ԷĻȷʵҲĻˣҪҲ൱鷳ġ
౦Ȼ̰ƣȴһѣҶ뵽СС漴ĴŰ˲ͼ֮н
ʱССڳ˯֮Уֻ˿˿â·ھʲôһ㣬µСϣһʥϢʥĤݣҶȴԽԽڵ̫Ŀֲ˵㣬һСѾͷȻҲԲ˿ֲĲ
ү㵽Сһһģû뵽Ȼ뵽㾳֮С
౦ظССС˵
ȻСС۶౦ʱԵû˵ٵĺûҶȴԸо֮һ޼ϵ
ϵѾʦͽڸŮϵ
Сûжʲôɣ
౦Ȼ뵽ʲôһ㣬䱸ĿŶ౦˵
Сүƶûʲô£
Ҷûŭ
鰡һµģСѾͷδǲ򵥵ģǸ˹ϵĻĺôġ
౦Ц˵СССİú֮ſա
ʲôǿ˿µĲǳκεһֱ
Ҷ̾˵
౦ĵ˵ͷ
ȷʵ˵ģеĺֲܿⲻʧ֮ǰһرһرҲǿԭ򣬲˭Ҳ֪һôֲǿرڿһˣСһ㣬ǵĿֵĺá
౦ƺڼɵʲôһؿ˵
￴ţ
Ҷ̲סķ˷ۡ
ǵģһβֻǲʳǿ߳ˣһǿҲˣû뵽⺱بŴսƺҪٴεĻˣСĺȻԽӶ㶨ˡ
౦һ
Ҷǽһơ
ʲô㶨ˣô⻰˶౦ôıŤأ
֮ѵҲǿߣ
뵽˵ҿҪʱֹֻǿߣƺûг֡
ҲҶΪҲûǿˣǴӶ౦ƺǻǿߡ
ߣⲻʳǿߺ͹ǿߣֻѰĲȥעģǵΪѾ˺ܶˣ˵УǿЩֻޣǸƣɢѡ
౦֮д˿˿ķζȻǶһȺ˵Ϊֵޱȱġ
ǿߣǿ֮ȷʵѡ뿪ȥάԼļ壬ǵ˻桢Ůȵ֮˵ľ֮󣬸ȻҲ˺ܶˡ
ǲԼĺ󱲵ģǱŮǻӵѡҪҶȥ
ڱһö֩ӡҪҪү⿪
౦ͻȻҶһۣؿ˵
֩ӡ
Ҷüͷ΢΢һܿ뵽ǱŮ֮ǰԼµһöӡǡ
Ǳ֩ӡ𣿡
뵽Լ˰컹ûҵӡǣҶ˵
Ǳ֩ӡǱŮһ˿꣬һöӡǵĳ֣ܳ˰򣬶ᱻ˷ŹģǱŮնɱһλԼǿߣĿǧʱ䣬նɱ˶Է׷Ѱ˼ʮԪҵԷġ
˵ʱҲ¶һĨ̾ɫ
´ϰıŮޱȣι˱ҲΪǿȴѡһžѧ
֮дһ˿ꡣ
ˣ׼ϣҸоһöӡδزһ£
ҶԼĴ㡣
䡱
ϼǧһĻƽɫĹâʼ£סһƬĿռ䣬·ռ䶼һâ䳹һ㣬ǻƽĹâ޾ҪһĻƽã
ˡ
һٵ֣֮һɺ嫶޾ĵϢʼˡ
ǱǱ𣿡
ҶļԪ֮۲ϵ˸
Ԫ֮۵Ҷ쾹ȻҲ޷ȥǽɫâǴʲô
ʹȻһǿߣǷүҲ޷оеʲô
౦̾˵
һ
Ҷ첻ȥʱˡ
ٵһҪѰҵһö֩ӡ֩ӡ²ֻܹѰҵԼλãӿµǿǿԸһ˵塣
һҶҲиݵģôݵʱˣҶ쾹ȻоԼʼ˲١
ȿҵǱ֩ӡ
Ҷ찵ԵĽе
¡¡
һһ֮ٵıڣ޴ϵİȿٵݻʥӤƿ֮£ʼһĶҶѰ˹ȥ
ҶǲϣԼʲô˾ǺķѸҲѰҵԷ
֮ʩչڲҲʼһѰ
һһﰡ
౦Ҷ֮ӿޱ̲סЩɫ˵
͡
Ȼһš

׻ࡢ䷨ࡢȸŭһ
һﾹȻͼҵ֮ߣҵѾ۳޾ķ֮ǿ޵ĲССӡǾȻȥӡǵ
ҶЦ˵
⵹԰ΪѾ˷ࡣ
ⷨһֵȻҲ޵ĸ߰ڱԷһĴ̼ȻĲˡ
͡
Ҷ괩Ѹٵҵһöɫӡǡ
һöɫӡǣһֻСС̬֩Էڲϵ׳󣬶׳ԴͷΧ

ҶЦһ
ӡǣҲ˽⣬ԣȻ˵һö֩ӡޱȵĿֲصҲ൱ĺãҶȴҵ˶ԷĿʼʩչͨҵ
ҶҪĲȥǱŮշѡڱŮһӡ֮ǰĻԸԷҲӵаյġ
䡭
һٴεĳ֣ıһ춯صı֡
ⱬ֮Уϵʼۼ
޾ʥ֮Ĺ֮аĺڰ֮ȵĻ֮ĺ֮ȵȵ۶
͡
·˺Ŀռ谭һ㣬˾㵵ı֮УһâȻգת˲Ӷݣһ˫˫۾ӿŶԷȴû뵽һâȻʧ֮С
ʧˣ


1758 ƿرŮ
˸һƬת˲ʧ֮У·ޱصĹâûгֹһ㣬ǿ𽥵Ļ˻ĳˮ˲ʧˡ
һʱĿʼ
λɫޱѿ·޷ţһһŮҪˣӼͦǹʱŮȴ߶Էʵһˡ
ôܣ
ɫʱѿޱȣ޷һ㣬Ѿʮþ֮£ͻȻʧˣǻκεһ˶޷ȥܵġ
ߡʣѵ˵ֻһЦɣ
ǿ˵
һΣôǿߣΪ˴桢˵ﶼˣȴû뵽¶ԼȴҲʲôûеõ

ŮҲǷ
ߡʣȻһֺ壡ôǿĳ֣ٴνս⿪ʼȼˣŲ֮򽫻ٴεĶ
౦¶˿˿ЦǷʷʵ¶Цݣ˵Ĺ졣

Ҷﻺţⷢ鲻ȥ⡣
ڵֻһһȥоǱ֩ӡıŷܿģ֩ӡѾ޷٣Ҷٵƿء
һֻɫ֩Ĺ۲֮УһöȥƴССһӿɰĺܣǱɫĹâǿȴ˿˿Ŀֲļµĺⲻϵɢ
ֻһӡǶѣȴŰ벽ľ磬ֶλǲ򵥡
оԷϴݳֲƣҶ˫Ŀ΢΢漴¶˵Ĺâ
Ҷڣ嫵棬ȻĿʼ仯ڤڤ֮УһֻСɿɰ֩ʱĴ䣬ҵһֻɵصĶħһ㣬̬ݻ˼¡
֨֨֨
Ľʼˡ
·Ҫһжסһ㣬㹻˵꿪ʼס
ߣǱŮҪҵӡǣȴеˣǲʳĻ桢˶ȥˣⲢֻһ׷ٵӡǣһԿӡǣŮȻݶ
Ҷ찵ԵЦһ
ǿǿߣһ޵ӡǣǿ˵ʮʮаսԷҵˣǴĽţŮҲԼš
֩ӡЧģκεһ˶޷ȥ⿪ģȴû뵽Ҷ֮֮󣬳׵Ľ֩ӡЧ˳һöӡ޷ӡ
ҵڣ㻹Ҫ˵ķֱŮҪңҷȴҲԿ㣡
һö֩ӡ̲űŮ꣬Ǻܴһ꣬ӦűŮϵİٷ֮һѰҲ㲻ʲôǶڴǿ˵ȴޱӴĳ̶ˡ
ֻҪҶյ˶Էٷ֮һȨͿƿǱŮʹ֮ΪԼū

üһʱҶڣһ޴ĹȳС
ڼӳ֣޾ҫͷʼɿĳ֣һ̻زǽ֮󣬲ļԪָ֣֮֮ӵĿֲ
һһԪԪִ֮һִƣһ㡣
ΪҶ커Ķ౦ɫһı仯޷ŵĿҶԴ棬һ־޴̣ϵıȻĿʼþ쳣
ϢСӵʲô
Ϣ˸ͬǻһ㣬ص㣬ɢϢͲܶ౦оԼĺʼüǿµѹ˿˿в
һȻ÷үвÿµ
Ԫ֣֮ﶼڼԪ֮УԪ˸㣡
Ҷ컺ؿ˵
ڣǱ֩뷢˼ĽԪ֮֡Ԫ֮ʩչ˲ס˶Էֻת˲ʱѣѾεؿ
͡
һʼӰȡԪ֮ۡԪ֮֡

Ҷдĺȵ
𣡡
һŭ֩ڲͷų
ֻһλ޵ŮӣʩչԼͨͼ֩ϳ
ǱŮһ𣿡
ҶЦſŶԷ

ԷٴμŭһͼԼƵϢݳȥҶڣĵ̣κεûԳȥ
Ԫ֣֮ɢŹϵϢתеɽӡޡ࡭ȵȵķģ˸ÿһε˸Ԫֵ֮ǿ֡
Ԫ֮
ҶĺٵĽ
ʱıŮһĲıоһ˿Ծȴ޷ҵһ˿Ծĵطʲôط
Ҷ޷Լӡǣȴû뵽Ҷûѡѣǽѡ
ҶİȲϵʩչͨεƿأԪ֮ۡԪֻ֮תתڲǿҶѾоԼѾԼĴŮĺġ
Էڷⷴȴ˥ȥ
ѹ
ŭҶļԪ֮˸һҫϣ֮£ضҪﶼҪݡ
ˢ
֩ڵûԭ棬Ůһ걻֮Ҳ֮ʼѸٵĴΪҶ
ŮڣҵҪ㻹ʲô취ƿң
Ҷá
ѾоԼͱŮ֮ϵʱıŮȫĲ֪ԼµһӡǣɾҶ죬ʹԼΪһūΪҶū
һһģΪ춨ŮͼշҶū󷴶Ըò˵ȷʵǺܱߡ
һǿߣһǲĴǿߣҵ˵Īãƿصĺã㹻䲻Ч
Ҷ찵Ե˼š
ĺǿ϶Ůļֵ
ŮȻ㲻ΪǿģҶһһڰ໥Ļǳ޷󵽵ġ
ɹˡ
ˢ
һֿ׵ʧ֮ҶȻԼ˫Ŀ
ô
౦Ҷʵ
㶨ˣ
ҶЦ
ȻѾˣǷүҲ뿪ˣȵԵټ
౦Ҷ֣ûеȵӦһﾹȻѾʧ
ð
Ҷɫ΢䣬ѸٵĿʼһ
նɱôĲʳǿߣϵıҶȫװϵģȴû뵽תۼı㱻౦˳ִˡ
뵽һߵôѸ٣ҶҲ֪еԭ
Ѿģ
Ҷû˵
͡
һͻȻشȻҶ壬һһɾĽϣޱȺ嫺Ϳֲ޷Įӡ
Ҷɫ΢䣬̤߲ٵ뿪ҶǱŮʼٻ


1759 ֮
ƣǻ˿ĲҶڴŮʱ򣬿̽˶ԷϺܴһϵ
İϸǿ󣬶̶ȣҶ˲͸о˶ԷĿ֮
˭ΪʲôϢ˵İԵǷ뿪һƬռ̫Ĺˣ֪źεǿ֮
Ҷ찵Ե˼֮УѾһ⿪ʼʧԭ㣡
䡱
Ҷ뿪ʮӵʱ䣬һѣת˲֮䣬Ҷ֮һֲ֡
һֻǧ׵ľִ̽·Ƿһ㣬һƬռΪޡ
ܵĵǿ죬ܵ𣿡
֮д˿˿⣬֮У̲ޱɱ¾ĲһֲĿĲݵơ
䡱
ռٴε𵴣һɺ嫵ĲȻһ쭷㣬һ׷ȥǸҶ뿪ĵط
͡
ҶĽ£㲻մ߲ӵĳ̶ȣºƺƵĲƣ˵·ǧڼӳ֡
ǿµƴâ˸Ҫȥе̬ʱȴҶѾʧԭ
͡䡭
Ҷ̤㣬һȭɱƾſֲ˳ڡ
Ҷȴû˿Ŀģüͷٶȴû˿ļ˲̤һƬѵĿռ֮С
Ӵܣ
ҶоˣԼı󣬷·һֻεĴڳԼϵ׷Ѱһ㣬ÿһε׷Ѱ·ҪҶ궼ٻһ
һֲֿ˼µһһ档
Էǿɼһߣ
̵Σ˭Ϊʲô׷ѰңѵǹǿߣܵģǿӦòѰҵ鷳ǲģϾǲʳеǿѾˣ֮Ҫ໥ѹƣȵȡѵ˵ǲʳǿߣ
ҶնɱӣɲһС顣
ǲʳǿ߻ûг֣ȴҲֻǱǰѣҶ޷֪ⲻʳǴŶٵǿߡ
Ҳܣǲʳǿ֣߳Ӧÿ֪ģŮϣûгϢӦǲܵġ
Ҷü˼ٶҲ˲оԼ·Ǵһ㱡Ĥһ㣬ǰѾȫı䡣
ʱ֮ҶڵĴ˰֮С
һԭԭ֮в˸ֲЩֲߴޱȣɢŲ
䡭
ûеȵҶϤ⻷һɺ嫵ȴѾҶԴϳˡ
һֻ޴ֱۣûǵֱۣ޴ֱĩˣһֻ޴ȭͷȭͷӶ·һӴһ㣬ľ޴Ѿնʼ
䡱
ؾޱ䣬ﳼ
һȭ˵ĺܣҶٵ˸˲ʮ֮⡣
¡¡
ԲʮķΧʱȭӰУͬǻɽ緢һ̬ıŷ˳Ŀֲ˵磬γкиĺۼ
Ǿ޴ȭӰ·ڲƣ£ÿһָǧ׵ĳȣƺƵڱŷ
ָԵޱȡ
ߡ
Ҷ쳤ۻӶ˺ǰһ谭ķ֮Ѿ¶һĨ⡣
֮ˣ˭ʱȴҲԿ϶ѾǴɱԼ
һȭʮķΧһƬռ֮УĽǧ׵ȣ·һ޴һ㣬ежôĿֲ
Сӡߣ
Եջس֡
һ̣ضΪ֮ڣ񱩵ڶԷ֣죬һһ˫˸ȥĹâ·ԽһƬնᡣ
ͷڣݲȥʮµӡ
ҶѰԼļ䣬ȴû˵ݣҶսκεһ˵ϢûϵҶԿ϶ԼͶԷ֮ԲʲôĦġ
һȴֱ˿ɲһȭҪԼɱ˵̬ҶҲ̲סһĨŭ
˭
Ҷ˫ֱѾоǱŮѾߣһεǿҶҲаܹѹסġ
֮
ӵϱȻޱ䣬һ˫Ŀ˸˿˿ĻɫâԹ쳣Ҷ첻ڿһɱ޵ĳһ㡣
ʶ𣿡
Ҷüͷ˵
űϢ
֮Ҷ죬·ҪҶĿһ㡣
񣿣
ҶһԭǲѾԼ˺ܶ࣬Ҳֻˣ
ȴû뵽ˣȻˡ
Ȼʶ
Ҷϵı仯֮񶼿ʼԹ
ڵϣұΨһĻᣬ㵨˵һ̵֣ĽնɱܾĥļǺйϵ˶Ҫܾĥ
֮ؿ˵
Ҷɫر仯ޱȣ˫Ŀ΢΢Ϥ˶֪ҶѾŭļ
ôĿʲôҲң
ҶļԪ֮չǰԷʵʼ𽥵˳֮ľ磬ǱŮҪ
ԽĽ뵽˸ߵȼ֮ޣһĲ඼޷ľ

֮һ㶣ĺܿЦ֮УһֱߣӴԹ
ҲðѾĵǵ˶˰һѰһʵ˵Ŀֲ
Ҷ̲סаԵ
űϢ²ûдӦǱĴ߻ӣû뵽㾹Ȼ᲻֪֣֮
ҶЦ
ǲ֪Ҳ̫ˣԶԷмְˣ
ҶεȵĶȴʮַŭϾղŶԷһȭȫǴ㽫ԼأԼٶȿ죬¾ǲҲǸεܹһɫ
ܺãʲôݣȴˣıҵŮˣҾҪ֮أΪĴߣҪյϢ
Ůˣ
Ҷһ㶣漴ͻȻ뵽񵱳˵ģƺڰ֮ڵĶСƺҲΪŮ˵Եʡ

֮ŭһȻı
Щɢ޾âг񵶡
Щɢ޾âԵǷ
򣡡
˫ָǣٵסҶ
ʱطĹâٵ׷ѰҶɱ˹
ݺᣬˣֱ·Ҫ˺һǻҶ컹кܳһξ룬ҶȴҲɿԸоеϢǺεȵĿֲ
Ǳҵˣ
Ҷ˫Ŀ˸˵ĹâȻ뵽˶Էݡ
뵽ˣӵ
ʩչ
ı񣡡
Ҷ찵Եŭһȴ޿κΡ


1760 ֮Ȼ
䣡
޴·ǴӾ֮ϴݳģ֮дſɲƻǿƻٲȻҪضһĿҶ쳹׵İΧС
ұҵľѧ֮һһ뵽Уκε˶޷ӳСӣܹҲĸˣ
֮֮дһ˿˿Ľϵıų˿˿ЦҶˣԵˣľѧʩչ˺Ѳ񷣬ҶεܹԼԿ
䣬ѾҶԼǰ˺ѳҵӡ
ֻһʼѣôʱˣǱĵ߸ѣĴУΪԭ׵ĸȻֵ㣡
֮֮дһֽ̬ĿУϴŷŤĻߣٲȻһӡ
žž
ΧĵԼϴ󣬵Ҷȴû˿⣬⵶Ȼֲͷȴһʱ̵κβԼ
ռ򣬿ĵռ䣬⿴ȥѾ˿ռЩȴż϶ģֻҪСĵȥӦȫĿԽġ
¡¡
һӰգ
ǿ߶֮ϣԹۡ
Ŵ̫ž۷ǿߣŴڣЩˣǹǿ߱ǲʳǿߣĹ֮ԼֵС
֮Ȼ֮
òǱҵĳ֮һʵͨ죬ĳڳѾȥôõʱˣû뵽ԷȻš
ǰ֮һſɲľѧΪϢ񹦡һžѧһλħľѧԳʱĴ䣬һǴڲʱڵﰡ
ʲô˴بŵʱڣͲһʱ˵Ϲʱڵǿߣ
֮ȻҴˣ˵ɫҲʼޱѿ졣
ʣǿǴϹʱڵĳڣ֮ͶԷһʱһжٵˣ
ߣ֮ʲôһʱޱȣҲֻܹﵽˮ׼ˣǵľѧһ˿ȥģһȥԸľѧͳףһ񶼲ǿȥֿģǲ֮ȣҲֻܹǲ֮䣬ľѧΪȴֻܹһѡ
治мЦ
ϹʱڵȻ̶ֻȵΪʣǹҰ
ǰҵĻôõʱˣͳףΪˣ
Ҳ߯˰ɣ
ǿҶһ㶣ڵ뵽һݣҲ뵽ԼͶԷ֮
ҲǲʱǿߣΪΪаĺܣĺܣܶǿļŮӶԷռˣһ㣬ҶΪɵģΪĺܣȻֶΣ൱ľȵġ
ңһبŴеĹϼ壬ҲһţϵˣеľѧԱΪֶҲǴ
֮ԭֻǱҵһ۵ԷǱҼĶӣȴҲֻһ۵ĶӣϾΪҵƿأǱҼŮƣ֮ĸֻܹв۵һŮˡ
˵ܹ֮ŬһЩĻҲˣǶԷȴŬƾżżţ˷ˡ
йһŻԼκԼϣеԭȻűҲ֮ΪޣµƽΪͳ޵顣
е֣ҶҲǵ;˵ѣȻڵ֮µΪҲûʸȥʵģŮӵԸһ뿪Ҳ˵˱񵱳ûжǿӲֶΣǻһ㣬˵ģƺǱ˸ݺˡ
Ǿ˵֮¾Բ򵥡
СӣȻҵҲˣǴ治֮ҪնɱĻֻܹһ
˿˵
һ㣬ǲʳǿߣĹƿҲ¶һĨ϶ɫ
ͬӣ·ҶһʮСˣһµĶˣΪ˼Ĵ֮
һԶ˫Ŀ֮ŵǿ̰âȴ޷ڸסĵ뷨
Сӡɣ
֮˵˫ֱһ̬߰·Ұ׿̬
Сүûл
ҶЦһĺȵ
ɷ죬
Ҷŭһϱޱħ֮ӿٵذĳֳǻ·գ·˺ֱֻۿٵչ޲ʩչΪ͵ıȥÿһȭ·̲ΪǿĲ
¡¡
ȭգʱ֮˾㵵֮УҶħ֮Ȼ˺⵶
Ȼ
Ҷ˫ֽӡüļԪ֮˸һ־޴ļԪֻ֮
֮ì
ٵʩչ֮еľУҶȥ̤գǳһ
µƣеǿ߶Ϊ֮ľ
СӣСǵ˵ƺǵõһ˿ʵĴУⲻǺεȵǲʳ֮ˣСӵĴУ䵽Уնɱӣˣ˱
һλźâĴǿ߻Ŀ˵
Сӷɣ
С
֮ЦһҶ졣
͡
Ҷȴмۿ˶Էһ£ȻһϵĻ֮ìĴ͸գ뵽˶Էü֮С
ôܣ
ô·̣ȫıԭķҶĶô죿
ռ򣡡
˶ԷǰҶЦ
䡱
޴İ͵ĳ֡
ҶҪȻ֮˵ʵܹշǽǴһΪԼһˣҶĺܶ鶼ɽġ
ң
оȵǿ֮֮ʱŭ

ʱһˣͼȥȡ
ߣ֪Ķ
ҶЦһٵĽӡѸ׳̬仯Ϊ֮ٴεĴ֮뵽ڵʵȣеĿֲκεһ˶޷󵽵ġ
֮ʵҶ޷ͶԷԿһ꣬Ҷȴ취ȻԷ꣬ԲĶֵġ
䡱
ҫâյĿֲҪس׵ĵ߸һ㡣
꣡
ɳƿ񳱶췭ظǾ޴İѹ֮֮ϡ
ֲĻ֮ìѸٵĳ̣ݺݵش̵˶Է֮ϣ䶤ס
ȵıҶȻΪҵūɣ
Ҷس֡


1761 
ʲô
ҵ꾹ȻڲģСĵʲôѧ
ÿµľѧһ޴ĹȣӰӣĻ󡭡
ѵ˵ǶԷǿĸ𣿡
ǿɫı仯ǸоǰҶİֲ֮㹻ݿĿֲͬԽظסĲ޲ǿʼǵĳ׵Ļˡ
ѹ
Ҷٴεĺ
ŭ𣬳˸ȴˣ֮ڼٵĲţ·ڳĳֿµһ㡣
ûκεһѡ֡
ɽۻڳֵĻƱػΪǿֵԴͷεĶѡȥֵġ
ҲҲΪʲôΪʲôôʱ䣬ǲ񣬵ȴҲԲܹʧĴ֮а
֮޷Ͽһ㡣

Ҷ̤֮Уϴ޾â·һ㣬ȻվڲͷųԼѹֲѹ·̫ɽһ㣬Ϊֲǣÿգ۵ʱѣϵѹǿͷ·һ̫ɽ಻Ŀʼѹ޷ȥĮӡ
ۡ
꣡
֮֮ϣģŭ˵ϣʱѾûԭǰ߰෴Ǵһڸǵ֮ɫ
ҲģҲܹģʵ;ֻ϶ѣͼѹң룡
䣡
ѹȻԷٵѡ
γһĺۼҶ˫ѸٵĽӡƿ֮£һƬƬƬ·ǱĹһÿһƬһҫ
ٴεһ
ˡ
ٴλû֮꣬ʱֳͨ˻ƽɫĹâ
һ˫Ŀ֮ȴηͳ
꣬ڳ׵ıҶӡԼӡǣʱԼūҶƿضԷ֮Ա˿ķ
ġһﵽʲô
һĸߴͻȻĺȵ
ݳªһ׼򵥵ıװһ۾ϸС·һ㣬ϵļȴޱȷ¡𣬿ȥ൱Ŀ¡
һλǿߣԴΪһŵƿ֮һ
ŭ𣬲ٵҲע⵽Ĳ
ߡڲŷ֣𣿡
ҶһЦм˵
ˣҪҪɱǣ
֮˵
ʱޱȵĹȴǻۺ˼
ޱȳҶ֮⣬һеһжûиı䣬ҶȵǿֵӰԶȻǿߣΪԼū
Ҫڵ㣬ĺã
ҶڰѾ֪ͨ˱Ůһ⣬̳֡
ôǿ֣߳Ҷ֪Լһ鷳ˣȴԼķҶõĶܶ࣬޷ԤƣΪֲǣõľʯôľʯǾͿµƿʱҶҲʱ뿪
Ҷ컹ޱȰȫġ
䡱
˻̤ɫȻŲмɫҶ죬ǻȵ
СӣҶɣնɱǲʳļ̳Ѫڵ㣬̹ڵϣǣҷ׳Լϵõ䱦ľѧⶼȥõģΨһĻˣĻ㽫֮أ
߰һ޷ڸǵɭȻϢ˵䣬Է˫ĿѾΧ˹ȥ
һ˫Ŀͬǿµһ㣬κεһ˶޷ӡ
Ļ쵰
һλǿߺݺݵԼȭͷ
ǿҲλϵĴǿߡ
֮Уȴż˲ֻ֣ΪԼļ壬ŴĲ룬дҪֵĹǿߣû¿Ӧʳǿߡ
˫Ŀ˸ȵĹâޱȵĿһ֮Է̬ȾȻһٰʮȵĸı䣬ûٴεĳҶ֣ѡ˺Ҷ콻һ㡣
ʳǵѪѾ׵ʧˣǾǵõϵĶָεĴУնɱӣôܷŹң϶ʹˣûˣǾͲҪñΪԼûҩ
⻰ҪôĶжôĶֱڳԹĵ˵棬˵ûӡ
С
ŭһϵĿֲʱ
ֿɲͬĻɽıһ㣬ȵһ㣬й
ߡҪԸǾӭӱĳ֣
飡
£һ̤嵽Ҷǰ档
ô£
ôܰһղŲǻһ֮ɫ𣿡
վҶǰĲǱˣ֮ʱ֮ȻûгƺҶΪˣǼᶨ̬ȴڳ޲üͷ
仯ƺЩ̫˵㰡
֮ǱҲҪǲʳԿɣ
ŭȵ񷣬һ濪ʼһȦȦĻɫ·ڲߣԺյȺ۵ԽĿֲ
ԿǲʳߣǱҺ¹˭˺ͱһʣ˵ҵ飬Ҫвİȫ
ƺҲСһʰһϵʲô
̲סĲ²
ǻ漸ȴ㱻֮ĻѪ
ʲôһʣôڷƨ
˭ѡڿʼʱնɱУǺȴóΪ˺ѣһʣ
ҪҪ֮ȻϹʱڵȴҲֻǸʱΪһǿߣıȻС֮пǿΪʵ޷κǣ
Ļ˿ûпֱӵ֮ϵȱݣԷʵ̫ıˡ
ڴɣ
֮ĺȵ
ʱϿʼȻķ˸ı䡣
С֣֮ΪʲôͻȻı䣿仯̫ˣ
ѵ˵һﱻշˣܵģһǿֲ·ߵĴײˣҪշշ𣿡
治ϵĵţȴû˿ķһʱϿʼȻı
񵱳˵ģǱݺʱһʧǰεȵľ޴Ѱ֮ļ䣬ûѰҵصϢʧıǺ
Ҷһ䱸һ濪ʼ˼

ޱȵļž
žȴһֲֿĲڲϵζ·һĿֲ;ˣÿһ˵ġ
˭ɱҲʳĻӣն˻ʳѪ̳УǾ͵
һŭͻȻıǿն·
һ񱩵ľ˲ĳ֣ҵĳҶǿֲĲޱӴһ㡣
Ҷȫû뵽ȻµٶȣԼȥ㱻ֱӵĴ˳ȥһѪ
ǡ
˵ɫһ䣬еıŮӼ
𣿣


1762 뿪֮սһ
һôˣ
漸˵ɫ
ƺǶޱȵļɵ
һɺ籩Ѹٵ˷ԲķΧ֮У·һŭһ㣬ֲϢƺƵޱ
ۡ
ҶһѪ¶һĨ޷ŵɫ
֮УȻ˿ùԼ꣬һȭԼԼڵۻɷʥԵʣǿƥˣˣͱԷˡ
ǼˣҶһֱҲѾ˿˿Ѻۣ𣬿ȥʮͿֲ

𵴣ͬ޾̤һ
һ޴Ӱ񱼶֮£Ӱ𽥵תΪ̬
һߴ߰ҵ࣬¡һĽͷ·Ǹӵƣ̲޵
һĺۼڿţǸղŵһЧڻûȫĻָ㹻ĿĺܳԷһ̲صжôĿֲ;˿¡
Է¶ֲв˺ۣһͷɫĳҷǷڸסһԿµĺɫ۾ȴ·ȾѪһĿֲ
𡭡Ǵ֮УһŭնɱۺĻ𣿣
һֲ̫ˣʮ첻µز°
ţⲻʳ֮У˵ҪֲһλۺҲһȭˣ
һٴγ֣֮ɫʼЩѿֻĲʳǿ߾ȻҲ¶һ޶ı顣
·Ƕޱȵļɵ
ݼ𣡡
û뵽Ϊĵһ˻ǳˣһʱֻܹסеΣض˵
ǵɫЩѿȻ˵ǹ˵ں£
ӡˣ
𻺻Ŀ˵
֮дһɳĦһɳƶҺأ˵ͷϵðźͷƤһķ顣
ⲻʳǿǰ̲סĿʼ¶˿˿Ŀ־֮ɫ

Ҷļ֮ҵ˶ԷϢ
һ˲õոߵ󣬴ԶħԳѪͳˣΪ˷񣬼ûжԷ顣
һλۺ˶ԷҲη壬ֱӵɱ˵۹ժȡ˵ۺͷ­ǴȴҲû˿İ취
˲֪ʲôԭ򣬶Ϊչˣӵһ˿֮УȻǶԷػߡ
νػߣǱ֧֮ˣԵ֧֣
ӣǿ𣿡
ҶĲԼϵѪҺаԵһݡ
ԷǿʵĳԼٶȺܿ죬ЩˣҶղĻᶼûУֱӱԷ˳ȥ
ǿֲȭ⣬ʴڣҶľѧˣˣͱԷһȭˡ
ǾˣҶжڴ˵ļɵ֮ҲѾһ£
ǵģһĴȷʵѾˣ
﹧˵֮д޷ڸǵĲͿ־壬־ĲӵǰĻ
ۡ
ƿȻĳ֣ؼȻһ籩ٶȿʼչһֻ޴צչһֻצٵأһСɽĴС淭֮УŵΪֲĻ֮֮ǱӵĻ֮ҪŨҪ£Ҫǿᣡ
䡱
˲䱻צ
Ϊʲôţ
Ű쳹
һɱ֮䳹񷣬رɫ²Ǻ׹
ⲻҵ飬ʱѾˣ
Ľе
צʵֲ̫ˣֱķ˾𣬾޴צǾһ޴ĴɽޱߵضΪ֮־ϢﶼҪΪ֮Ĳ
һ̣һеѾΪޣκεһ˶޷֮Կ
ǿı仯ɫǵ޷ƵĶ
ꡭ
צ΢΢һֱӱѵˡ
ڻǰĵֿ·Ϊ˸ƣ˿в
ҵ꣬
Ѫ⣬צ֮ҽȻûоʹ˰֣Ҫ˺ѡ
ˣҲĴҲֻǷѣ
ﻺؿ˵
䡱
ѣﳼһֻצأһצӶȥޣδؿԱǿߵ֣ǶԷϵȴԳ󣬾վͿ˵Ϊ֮ѣ̸֮Կˡ
ˣǿ߾ˣ
ǿ޷ܣǵĶҪˣնɱǿͬݽһֶΣʵδţδ
ɱ𣿡
һŰشմݳݵҶĶߣ·ŭһ㣬ľ޾ӡ
ضҪʼѡ
ÿ¡ǲʳǿǰЩʲô
ΪʲôҪʲôѪʲôҫ𵽵Ǵﵽһֺεȿֲľ磿ΪʲôǸоŶԷҪˡ
ĹǿߣǴǿߣʼ
Ҷ˫Ŀ˿˿â޿ŶԷ
Ȼǿ󣬵Ҷ쿴ȴҲδǿĳ̶ȣԷǿ󣬺ܴһΪ֮£޷ѣһΪԷų˵Ŀֲ
ҶսѪͳս־Լ˿顣
ֻͷޱ˫絶ݺᣬﵭ˵

ɣ
ϣ
˵־Ͷ֣Ȼû˿̵棬ֱӵһȭӶ
һȭʮ׶Ļ֮أ·һȭ֮£Ŀռ䶼ʼɬ
ǿĲ˵Ķڻ̿ޱȣޱȣǸоϢ
ɽӡǳӡ
Ҷ˫ֽӡ趯ɺ챬֮ϣһķʼϳ
¡¡
һϵ̫ɽشһöö޴ʯǻûΪΪֲֶΣһȭ
ϣ
ĦӶԷȭͷͷųҶ׵ľ룬ôԶľ룬Ҷ쾹ȻоһϢ֡
䡱
ȭ죡
̫ɽʯѣ𶯵¡
ˣ
ԵĿˣ
ҶĶ̲סһս
ǿ֮еľ磬ҶţԼ滨ۻɷʥĳɳ֮󣬴ﵽĳ̶ȱԷҪǿǧٱȴûᡣ

̫һһգϣӰѸٵı
䡱


1763 뿪֮ս
¡¡
ȭ䣡
һȭŵͬ£Դ嫵Ĳ񷣬Թͨ޾棬ƺƵıйǰһУһ̣ͬܵεĴһ㣬涼һ㣬һĴرƤˡ
ɽӱһ޴ĺۼγ֣
⻹޿Դﵽľ𣿡
ǿɫֽһĲң˫Ŀͫ׾âĴϸ
·Ǳ֮˾Լһ㡣
һһֱˣ
Ů˸ӵĵӣԭǣ޹Ļ֮󣬻һ֣Ǻò׾ۼһ˿־ڶԷһֶǰ׵ĳΪޣǲҳ֡
ǰϧԼ
֮ϴŵǵɫ
ӵҶûȥ֣ȻҲĳԼǺͶԷԿҲδؿֲ֮µֿסʮС
ˡ
һƬͬǧʴĿռ䣬ǿĳϸϸѰǵĺҶˣԵˡ
һȭ̫İԵˡ
ɱӣΨϴˢ
ŵıȵĵرĿ˵
ɱ¾ǵĴۣ˷ɣ
ǰǰǵĴţĳȴû뵽ܵǲʳĪʧ
ˣҲҪѣһϵˣͳͳɱΨܹΪӣıѩޣ
һĵ˵
ǲĻʵЩɬõһǿߣϵĴڣһǿߣһһʽԳ֮ΪѧǵĻֻƬԳΪؼȥڵȴΪԼֻܹȥεƨ
ΪȴҲȥģ
ȿȿȡ
һҵĿ˳
ԭ뿪ĻȻһ٣¶˲˼̬˫һ㣬ѸٵĴ˹ȥ
ǡ
ڳˣ޲һǻ˵ǶоЩ鴤
ⶼû
Сӵǲ̫Ӳ˵㣿
ǣʱҲҶһҪնɱ뷨̫ˣʵ̫ĿˣҶĳ֣һĳɳĿˡ
ȻûȥСӡ㹻԰ˣ
ǾȵѸٵʧؿŶ档
ֻһ޴ĺɫƳҶǰ
ħ֮ܣ
ԨľѧҲҶԨϵõģʹãЧȴ൱ĺá
ʱħ֮棬Ѻۣǲȱ֮ʤѺܼͬ֩
ʱҶڵѪϵıȴɱ䡣
ղŵһȭΪӦĿ죬޷ӳԷĽһȭ㹻ĽԼѹ
԰һ˲֪϶Сү֣Ѿ㹻԰ˣ㲻ҪΪǰСүô԰
ҶЦ˵
ܿܣؼ˭Ҳ޷ƣ
˵һԿµ˫·ǵѪ뵽Ҷ
ȥõģܿܣӱնɱˣʲôֻ֣ĽƱѡӵӴսǿŴľ磬֮󣬾ͳȺϻ쵰ʳȻȻʮ㰡֪ǲ֪Ļ᲻ᱻЩĺǸ
Ҷ֮д޵⣬мĶŶԷ˵˵䣬ľڷߣͬ߰ǿ֮ԴԴϵĿʼͨԼڡ
˲ģʼָ𽥵ı仯
ӡɱã
𻺻ؿ˵һ棬·һصĵһ
Ҷ죺ң%%
ҪģҶûôҪģ˻ĻԷȻҲ˵óڡ
ܿܣç֮Уһе鶼ɱնɱѵⲻɣ
Ҷı޳ܵļһ
ǵģ⣬ĶӣΪĴڣѪǿÿһļⶼǾ˹񹤰ĵ̣
Էʮ棬ӣҶһҪĸо

ǵģһ
㻹ûɣ
ͻȻĿ˵
ԷȫĲճƣһ֣һֻŽâĴ֣͵Ĵ˲ĽҶ˴ɳȥĹǽž죬Ѫɡ
ӡܹҪΪᣡ
ɭȻ൱˵̬һһ㡣
Ҷ˫Ŀȴ˵䡣
͡
һա
ʱһɱĺӻһഫݳ
˳ˣ
Ů𣿡
ڳˣϴ޷ŵɫǳ֮ˣȫû뵽֮˾ȻǱŮ
ʱıŮ˫ĿϢһĴ˫֣಻ľѸٵİΧס˻
ľֻڴ֮죬ŮҲǸ߳죬ȫû뵽Լߵ˾ȻҲе֣ʱС
֮ì
ҶĦ񷣬۳һ޴貵âüĵļԪ֮˸˲Ļء
͡
໥ĳ֣˲Ļ˻
Ƴռ򣡸ҿ
ˣˣ
ҶʱԷһδε裬Ѿ׵ˡ
ֶȫʩչ˳
¡¡
Ѫɣ˾㵵֮УǻȻҶƤѪɡ
ɽӡ
Ҷ˫ֻʵУ˫ɢҵĹââķһ֮޲ǽ۳Ϊʵʡ
һ壬壡
ϣ޾ϣֻϾȻ˵㣬Ů㾹Ȼ˵ķ
𳹵׵ŭˡ

һ̫ɽ񷴹£ƺƵѹ
˻ĻǱŮϴžҵŤ֮ɫȻʲôһ㡣
Ҷƿ꣬ȫĿƿضԷһΪ

һŭħգطڣǺӲϵʣһɺ嫵ľǴǿ߱ľķԪ۵Լ֮У̼ıԻָԼϵơ

Ҷ찵Եŭһ
飡
һֻɫľ֣һƵ˱Ůɵ֮⣬һƿƼ򵥣̲صȴ㹻ñŮҲð
㾹Ȼ˵Сӣ˭㵨

˵䣬ٴεĻӶԼƣӭǣȻ˲Ļһ̫ħɽ̬صĳҶѹ
顱
Ҷıɽӡ˲ǿľ࣬ԿԷ


1764 뿪֮ս
꣡
̶֣ҶһĴ뵽˵֮С
·ܵħɽϮһ㡣
㾹Ȼ˱𣬸ˡˡ
䡱
һٴε˦ȥӡѸٵĽͼҶٴصĻ֮С
㾹Ȼһ˱˭ĵӣ˭
˲񷣬йޱ·Ҫǿ顣
޳ʱɢҫ۵Ľâü֮УһĹ⻪˸һʥ⣬Ѿﵽһľ֮󣬲ųֵĹâ
վ֮ϣһبų飬Ѫɫͫ·Żߣٵأ˺أ
һδεĳ֣˿û飬ȻѾޱȵıŭԭǱŮ֣˵ĺ;㵣ڴеĿѾҶ쿴ȥȫθסˡ
ǿߣبų棬žԵֶΣ򺱼ܹǿߵĳ֣ڳôǿߣ꺱
ܹӴ̫ž۷壬뵽ľ磬򲻴һ˵ǿѾ͸˼һһǷУǷĺܡ
ÿһλǾţܹǳ֣һڳЩ㹻԰ˡ
𡭡
Ҷٴεıһȭ˰漴ӡ˴ص
﷢ŭ֮У޷ڸǵһַʹࡣ
̫۸ˣʵ̫۸ˣԷֶη۸ǲӽ
һشҶڱ
һöϵĻ
⻢޾ɷҶڱǣ̬ҲڷɿĲš
Ҷһڵ޾ɷʼ³
ϣ
һ֣֮޾ӵ´ݳȻϣȴ·˼ǿֲޱߣޱѹƵǿҪֱϵı̨ͬѹ֮£ȴûκεһ˿ȥƿסԷֲ磡
һȻû
ǿаԵĸ̾ǵڲ壬޷š
ǿֶγκεһλǿǻʵȻҪȥ²⣬Էǿǻһǿߵġ
Ҷȴֻһ۵СնɱӣҲƾǿֶζѣǶԷﵽģҶȴʵʵڵı˳
֮ǿĿֲѾ㹻Ŀˡ
Ȼ
Ц
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ҶɫĮ˿ɢжһ޴ǹǹѩһ㣬һµķ˸֮ͨУâڱߡ
˲һľ磬·һبŵĻߣ
ɱ
˲񷣡
Ҷʱŭ˼£ƦӵĸԣƦåʱĶԷѾ׽ҶеƦ֮˳
еǹѩǹǹ趯ϼ׵裬ޱߣֲѹ˲Ű
Ȼҷ֪ϣ
Ц
㻰ȴڳˣ޲¶˹ŹֵĲǵģҶȴǿȥһ㣬ھϣڳˣ޲ҶľҪǿ
սȴԵûһ˿ԺҶԿ
ǻʵ˵ĿֲֲҶ˵㹻ѹסԷģԻֻڷҶ죬ȴҲڷԼ
͡
ѩǹ裬˼Ӷ֮УƺĿռɢ
Ҷ춯ˣ
죡
죡죡죡
Ҷٶȿ쵽˼£˷·ȫʧ֮Уû˿ټҲֻЩǿ޲ܹ֪ʱҶǺεȵĿֲȻȫĳļޣٶ̫ˣ
飡
һֻ֣޴ƥ޾֮˲˺ǿգҶǹɢĲǹﵽ׵ĳȣϣͶԷǿеײһ
һ̣Ҷķᣬɢ޾ҫǿж˽ҪĤݵ̬
һָ
ƻһָ͵Ŀʼ仯
Ҷɫ䣬˭Ҳû뵽Ȼڴʱʼ仯仯ٶѾκεһǿֲ˲˺ޡ
һָ񷣬һƬռγһ̬Ҷ쳹׵ɱ֮С
ңûһ˿һķ϶ʱҶѾ뵽һɱ֮ƣ
ϣεܹĽ
һ˿ڻϣһ˿ŰŰںһ𣬻ƥơ
ҪնɱҶ죬Ҫ䳹׵նɱһѾӣնɱҶ죬ǾһҪնɱεȵǿһ۱㿴ҶʣһǲҪֻ̫࣬ҪҶ뵽˴ľ磬ǵùľһҪںɶҶ졣
죡
һָޱȵѸ٣ٵķ·ǱâҪѸǧ򱶡
Сӣ鷳ˡ
ĺ
޾ıأ˭Ҳ֪һﵽжٵֶΣ
һǿҲͷ˵
ϧСӺܿܵõ˲ٱأڴǸӲҪһг׵Ĵ򱬣Ļһ㱦òġ
Ĵȥǿ»Ϊһ𺱼ǿߵģǲʶ޷֮Կ
ǿѾҶˣжֵ˲䣬һָѾ˺Ҷǹ뵽ҶǰҪ뵽Ҷ׵һ̡
ҶȴӴĴݳĦ콵ףŲ񷣡
׵֮š
ϡ
Ħʼݳһ޴Żչˡ
Ż޾ҫ·ǲӦôһ㣬ֲֿϢ޾Ĳɢҫ䣬һһ㣬ֲѹ˲һָȻĳһ˿˿ɬͣ١
ʲôŻ
ÿµĲ㹻޵񰡡
ǹϵͷ·ļӳһ㰡
׵֮Ŵ򿪣һֻ޴ȭͷصĳһָԿ˹
ҶһŻٻеԨħ
ȭͷϵ·ɫɫɫȵа·һ۶оԼ·Ҫһ㡣
䡭
໥ײ
һĲƿʼγɣ̼䣬춯·ƾճ޾Ľһ׳
ϣ
˵ע£Ҷ쳤ɢ죬ϴ޾ɱ廯֮ˣ翪ٵһ㣬ѩǹһɫаħ
͡
һ̶Ħָ֣˲ˡ
𡭡
ŻһŭҶٴεĶȻһֱӵ˶Էһֻȭͷ˲Ľߡ
һ̣·˵ĺΪ֮ͣ٣˵ɫʼ仯ǵ޷·һеһж֮С
⡭ôܣ
ǿ޲ʼ˼
ɱ
ŭһ屬һޱߵԲ׵Ļޣһ̣ѣﻯޡ
·һ˲ʱ̣һеһжһ޾ƿ֮У
ɱ
ħȺħ衣
֮Уһе飬ЩֵǿǣҲ޲˲촷ۡ
Ҷˣ
ǿд󺧵ĽеѾɢˡ
˭ҲûпһǿҵĹâȴһݼš


1765 
ˡСڵ˰ɣ
ǿϴ˿˿ɫ֮Ŀռ䡣
һƬޣһƬĻϢһеһжѾ׵ĻޣµֻֿµϢ
˼µϢ
ÿµСӣ̫ˡ
ǴǿҲ̲ס¶֮ɫ
ǲûиоǿ෴ǸоҶǿ󣬱Ͼһֱǿǿ㹻ѹסǣǿֻǽǿֲΪϵģҶľ̫߳࣬ʩչ˿ֲǿŷ
ҶȴһǿȫǴǿģǵĶʼˣССĴ̫žǿߣΪʲô˿ֲǷ

һƬ֮УһֱֻȻ漴˺׵Ѻۡ
䡱
һӰɷˣޱߵɷ·һħһֲġ
ǻ𣡡
ǿһ𣬻ĳѾ㹻ҶĽ۳׵ıˡ
ǻʱȴ¶˿˿ĹŹ֮ɫ
ſ£ѸٵĽ֮еһԪɽԼڣƲ΢΢һЩǿ϶ԼȷʵǺɱҶϣֹĸоȴ֮ȥƺҶ첢ûȥ
ܵģһεȴҲԵĲڱĹ´ģȫǴ
ǿ뿪뿪֮ǰ˭Ҳûзһ˵ޱȵĹ졣
֮ƾźҶ֮ϵоԼˣû뿪뿪˿˿ĹЦ֮˲ǿʧ
һսʹ˵ͣҶʧǲʵرƺҲΪһܡ
Ǻܿģǲʳ֮սҲʹ˴죬ǹսѾӵ֮Уǿƽﲻɽ¶ˮǿߣǹʯĿֲҲ׷뵽ѵһս֮С
һŹϵ
ߵĿʼƽ𽥵ıĺâɣĺâ޷Ŀȴʵشš
ЩɫĹâһޱȵ̬ڿٵתֵĲÿһԵøھһĹתţתٶ΢ɲԷ
һ·滺ţճΪصĲȶֲĻȴ·Ǳһֹϵѹסһ㣬ȻҪͼȴΪ
䡱
һ޴ı֡
ʱⱬƵ֮һȦȦͬĢưľֳ˳ЩĢƲϵĿʼʱ޾й·һĴ£ֻڽ١
Ȼû˿󣬵ֲƻȴҲıţڵʱƣԼһӵʱ֮һ޴ĹӰ˸˳
Ӱһ磬ݺݵسһȥ
ۡ
һӰһſʹĴϢĳ֣һϾѪ˿˿âӶԷ˳

ڵĴϢ֡
ӰΧĳɳʧˡ
׷Ѫͳȥ磬ǶԷģ֮пֲȴݡ
Ҷ죡
Ǳǿ²ѾҶʣµҶ죡
ȿȿȡ
ҶٴεĴڿ˼Ŀһܣ˫Ŀ֮¶һĨŹֵĲ
ƺǼƺ㯣ƺһ˿ڴ
ิӵĲںһ𣬸һޱȹŹֵĸо
ǡ񵱳µļ¼ȻǴӻǿʼģˮ֮ƵĵҵĹ硭վĻǻˡ
ļңĸϵĻģǧʷĹϻġ
¶ѧУ桭
Լļ䣬ʱһɺϵĳҶĴԡ
оҶҪʹѣȴޱȵĻܡ
֪Ѿȥ˶ˣϵĵֱʲôˡ
Ҷ૵
˫ˮ䣬֪㯻Ϊֵļɵġ
Ҷִ֮ԼԭĹ磬ܴһΪԼҶ֮мԼһλ档
һŮһӤ䶪Ļ档
ҶӤʱļ䣬ȻǸʱ£۾ȴʵؼ¼һУӤĿηĺУһŮȴʧˡ
ΪʲôҪҶ
Ҷ૵ĵ
־ˣΪͨ쳹أűԼ˶ʵȴεĶ޷ڸסеıߡ
Լļ֮У֪ȥ˶ãҶڵ˹һֲʹҲҶ̲סüͷ
ÿµĻڹؼʱ˱ٵĴȥҵֲ֮Ҳᱻƻġ
뵽ĩհҶаԵľ̾һǿͿ¡

³һд˿˿ĺɫʣһ˿˿ĺâٻѪʡ

ɣһԴȵʼ֮
ӵȻŻ֮ԪصϢǱ˵½˵Ҫϡǧ򱶣⻹֮УȻֻһԪѣǾǴϵԪŨ̶ȣҲ߲ȥ
ļȡΧԪҶĺܲϰߣǰԪŨ̶һزһĳ̶ȶ㲻ϣҲֻһëĵزѡ
û취ˣＳȡĻҵҪʱſԻָԭľС
꣬Щǿ˵ṇ̀ǶҶ˵ȴһ£ȵȫָĻԼ˫׿ˡ
ҺãŰ˲ͼ磬Ԫޱȳ棬Գһ硣
ҶΪο漴Ű˲ͼʱһ㹻ˬĽŨԪԪŨЧ㹻˲ٲȫޣԸļ㹻˿ٵĻָġ

һԪϴҶľ˳˺ۣģľҲ𽥵Ŀʼ˹
Ҷ̫ˣȻֻǰ˻һɱǲЧȴޱȿֲģϣûһʹࡣ
εȵĺŭ֣ȻͬСɣЧҲ󵽵ľˡ
𣬲С´γ֣ҴԼٴεתһոµĲΣĻǾԲܻԷġ
ҶתһʱҲĿʼȥˡ
£֪ȥ˶õʱ䣬Ҷ˫ĿȴȻˡ


1766 Ϣ
Ҷüͷ
˫Ŀɺ˸ǧḛ̈ΧԪҶĹ㣬ԪŨ̶ȿ²߶ٵ
ӳʵҲܵƣ಻ѵģŰ˲ͼҶ첻Ҫ̫⡣
ڵȴûȥ˼⡣
ղʱ򣬷Ǹоһ˿˿ĲⲨشԼ߻ٶȺܿ죬ΪҶѾ˰ȣγ˹̬¸޷סһϢ
Ǿ˫Ŀһ˫ĸоȴѸٵʧˣ·һֻӵһ㣬һˣѸٵطӴܣȻĲ˿Ĳ
֡
Ҷ˵
¶˺ɫоĺղһԼɨһ˿ص˼£˳˸ܲġ
ˡ
˫ֽӡҶü֮УԪ֮ͷųǿϢһöӵ۾תһ̳֣תΪϢ
Ԫ֣֮
żԪֻ֮תܿΧѾγһܲɴݵĴ
ಡ
һƿʱ֡
Ҷ˫Ŀ˿˿ɺ죬СļԦһʼ˷ԲķΧ
ܿ죬ΧһжʼҶǰ
ǡε̽ûѰҵĴڣǵϵĿƼȴûдﵽһĳ̶ȣȻ޷оЩϸ΢Ķ
ҶаԵ˼
Źֵˡ
ҶʼĴ߶ܿģҶ쾹ȻĻǡ
һ򣬴Ӹ߿տȥѰ֮߱
ԭ򣬴ʱȻģ֣·֮УȫҪʧһ㣬֪Լ˻ϣҶĻΪһ
ʲô
ҶļӳԼ֮ȸڷɿѹһɰѸٵݻ
ףҫ޲²񷣬ѹķ
Ҷ˫ĿҲ𽥵Ŀʼ¶˾㵵ı顣
ϣӸ߿տȥȻĳֳһģ
٣
٣
ϸϸĿȥ·һӵе١
˫Ŀüë͡䡭޲
һ˫ĿȻ޷ݻͫ׵ĴڣȴɿҶоԷƺڿԼһ㡣
ֲĸоҶ߹ĴԪ򣬵ȴҲ̲סĸоԼһĲһëȻĸоʱԼġ
£
ޱȵĿ£
ô£
ҶĽš
ͷƤ飬ȥޱȾ׵򣬴ʱѾʼޱȵĹ
ΧľҲ·Ϊľ
ȵȡ
Ҷ˫ĿȻɲââ£һ㣬˺գ廯֮ˣһһ㣬ٵĳһ˹ȥ
ǵһطƺһֵ㲨͸ղԼоĲ
Ǹλá˵۾
ԼģҶƺǿ˵۾ƺ΢΢ת˼¡
͡
۵糸̤ǧ֮趯˲ľˣǱ˿Ļ˵ûᱻ񼣡
ڣֻҶһˡ
飡
Ҷ̤գѸٵĴ·̡
ģҶѾһط
һĵطȻ֮Ϊǣʵ¶ȴߣһ㣬ݵ̽Ѿ֤ʵˣҶĲϵǿţȴоֿµ𽥵ǿһֱޱȣѾٶȵĳ̶ˣһ³ԻᱻȼճΪҡ
յϵļأϵ¶ȣů˵Ҳ⣬ȵϢΪʲôȴûб˷֣
ҶĻѾһƬ֮ϡ
Ҷֵλá
أ
Եأ
һ˲䣬Ҷϵ亹ѾȻĳˡ
ڳ￴ȥǺѹѹһƬҶ쿴żԪ֮۵ݻȴĿ̲صĿֲײ֮
ɱ֮أ
޵УҶĿȾ֮£ȻҲõ˲ٵ洫￴ȥѰڲȴѾӡһɱĲá
ħ죬ȴϵĺȻѹȥħӰأԼǿħԼĶૡ
Ӱ˸ˣȷ졣
ɱ֮أѵγɵľ޴ɱ֮أ˽֮󣬲һʱ̣ᱻɷڣֲϢ㹻κεһ˲Ļ޵ģΪʲôΪʲô˿ֲɷ
𡭡
ŭϣһƬɫط˸ı䣬֮䣬һħֳ֣ħìݣͼտʼ֣ת˲ѣǵ㱻ǿеѹ
·Ǳһصѹȥ
ħӰŭħڷڣŶԷεȴ޷߳·ǿеƿһ㣬һֻޱȵĿ¶Ц
ϢֲϤƺʲôط
Ҷ˵
ͻȻ䣬뵽ˣ뵽ˡ
½Լħ֮С
˺èֻŹֵԷԾӵĺè
ϢΪƣֻȴû½һطϢֲѡ
Ĳǿ̶ȣҲֻǴﵽ½һط֮һˣ̶ҲﲻеĿֲȴҲҿȥֿסˣﲻ֪ѹ˶ٵʱˣʱĴݲУȴѾľɱ֮С˺ܶ࣬˿˿һǿԽ뵽ġ
ϢޱȵŨҶоĳղԼϢϢޱȵĽӽȫһϢѡ
ԴԴϵĿʼ۵Ϣɿĳأĳܿʼɢɢ𽥵ϢҲļ˲١
ž
ҶĽŲĶʱѾ뵽һƬɫ֮С
䡱
ֻһ֮ȴˮһ㡣
翴ȥΪƽǵҶ̤㵽˲䣬ֲֿƥɷȴ·ǸӦҶĳ֣ʱĻޱǿ˹
ħħɫħ֡
Ӱ˲֡
ħ磬ϵħ磡
κεһﶼûа취ȥ뵽˲䣬ᱻǿе˺ѳΪ޵ġ

ҶüͷżԪһһԪǼԪ֮ͬǳͽ񽣣֮һеᱻԪֺ͸ǡ
˲ĻС
䡱
ȭ䣡
һ͵ȭȻĿһ㣬˲ĳɿıŷ˳ķѹ˲񷡣
Ϣ
Ҷ˫ĿϵâĽе


1767 ֮أ
һִƣϵϢ㣬·ذİ
ȻֻһȭȴѾ㹻ķˡ
һɺεȿֲ
Ҷ˫Ŀ𣬻ؿ˵
˿ֲȻֻһӡǰĴڣȴҶ궼׵ıסһ㣬ƿ
ǹϵϢ
Ҷ˼磬Ѹٵ˼ϢʮֵĹ죬ħ죬ǸղŵĹȭȴɢΪϢһֺȻһ
һȭȻòħ
Ϊʲô
Ҷ˼
¶һĨأⲽ
ΧħѾʼ˲ˣƺ緢֮УǴһؼʱ̣ȥʱ̱𽥵ɢ
ɳա
ĺۼÿһֶԵޱء
ܿ죬Ҷע⵽һƬء
һƬسֳ˺ڻɫɷҶ߹ĵطҪֲҪŨǧ򱶡
Ԫۣ֮
ҶȻʩչԪۣ֮ʱǲǧ׵Ĵر㱻Ҷֹȥ
һ̣ǰȴʼȻķ˱仯
ħ
ħŭ
һŭķط浹ת
ħħħԨ
аϢ棬İһ𣬴֮¡
棬һжأ
Ҷ찵Ե
ӿԪ֮۵ʩչ
̽ľǿţҶҲоΧѹʼԽֲ
һ޴Ԩһ㣬ΧĿռħޱߣħӰûЩħħӰԴͷһۼġ
Щۼڸ
̵޲аħ
е֮У˵ħеڵ׵Ȯħǡ˱۶
еǹϵʷصĴ
ԹŮԨŮѪħ顭
̵֣ɢޱħγһħ
ӺȻһɣޱȺħаҲˣаջۣʱ֮󣬲ĿֲҲȫĸ
ǿϢһλǿҲ̼䱻ɭȻħġ
˿ֲϢѹʲô
Ҷ˵
š֮ҫҫ֮ɢ˿˿Ȳѹһһ㣬κεϢǰ޲ǱѹΪԼ
ҶĹ۲컹ڼӿ졣
֪ȥ˶֮ҶȻоԼѾ˿˿ƣ롣

һ
Ҷ쳷˻
ƣ룬ޱȵƣ룡
ⲻĵԵʣеĸо
оʵ̫ƣˡ
֪жٵ·̰
ĽԼľҶٴεҧǰһΣһεľ飬νǷ۵糸ٶȣľˣ˲ı档
һĸʼƺǸоҶһεǿͼҶ쳹׵ĳȥǴʱҶȴû⡣
һ϶ʥĹȣ·Ƕؼһ㣬סҶȫɢӨӨĹâ·Ҫһг׵һ㡣
ǿĲޱߵ˲ıȥ
γɵ˳Ƶ£ݻΪһɰӡ
ȡѹ
¡¡
·һ̫ɽһ㣬ľ޴˲Χĸ˲ѣޣµֻǲʵŭ
飡
˫չһĺۼ˲Ľ˺ѳΪһеޣҶ˫Ŀɺ˸ɫĿռ֮У˫Ŀħ֮񲻿ɵ
䣡
ڣҶ֮ڵĿһȻͬϢڷɿڡ
ȻϷ
·ݻΪһС
ϣ
Ҷٴεѡ˲䣬һĦɿĴ
ĳ˼µϢʼӿ
͡
Ҷʱȥ

Ҷʱȴû˷˸ޱܡ
ƣ
룡
ҶǿޱߣĿֲκ˵󣬾ھ֮ҲޱȺġ
Ѫ£Ѫٵ
䡱
һ̣ҶĽ뵽
ϡ
Ħڳ
ƣ
Ҷ˫ĿޱâٵʩչͨһȭһƬޡ

һŽâӰӳҶ
ߡҶһָͬצѶ
ѷ
ϵľѧ˲Ķ˺ѳһ޴Ŀӣ׵ѺۣӶ£γ˾޴Ŀ϶

Ҷʥɢޱʥһ㣬ǰڲʩչͨٴεĻӶһȭ
ȭ
ȭһŹϵȭ̲Ű׻ɷͨ죬Ҷٻʩչɷ֮£ǿӵľޱȡ
ϣ
һɺ嫵ȻҶĴѷ֮ɽĳҶȭͷϻӶ

Ӵ졣
Ҷһ飬Ȼûܵشȴɵĸоǿķ
ˡ
һȣ
ռŹʹҶ쿴˶Էݡ
⾹Ȼֻһȶѡ
棬භ·˸һʥϢ
ȱʥࡢ嫡ƥ
ЩϢÿһֶһǿҵµĸоԡʥ֮ȴӵһֿµѹ·ʱĶᱻ׵ľһ㡣
͡
£嫵£ޱߵĿ硣
ıҶаԵ
̤߲ɿ˸߲ǹϵĴǿ׷Ѱġ
ÿһζ㶼߼ӳֵڵҶѾǧ֮ļӳ֣νǿĺܡ
ǵҶٵһ֮ȴоһɴϢȻֵԼԴϡ
ž
ޱȣҶȴ׻Ĳ
壡̲סһʥӤȻٻȣѸٵĽػ
ϡ
ٳ֡
һΣĳ޾ͬһǺһ㣬ɢĲ·Ҫ츲Ǻ

֮پ𣬳ҶΧȥ
оɭȻϢϵҶԪ֮Ҳʼʩչ˼£ʼųɹâ
սӰɣħ֮ԵǷһİֲ۳
Ӱ֣
Ҷ׼ʩչԼľʼƿ˲䣬һޱߵ쳹˳
ްӷ𡭡
𡭡ءȻʼֻǼ˵Ǻܿȴ֮Ϯ


1768 һָ
֮Լĳֳ˾˹ֲ̬ϢҶ춼̲סĿʼˣ¶˾ɫ
ƴƥʥ
ҶѾ֪úεȴʻȥƴƥ
ž죬ϵĹǳ˿˿Ĳ
־ʹ޷ڸǣҶȴ¶˿˿˿ֱˮ
Ѫ޷ڸǵѪϢ
ݻѪΪ޾ΪۣһУ׷ӡⲻǿ
䡭
ʼӿƺƵ֮УһȻȻ̬·Ѿ䣬еֻһ޵Ĵ󰮡
󰮣ǳһУΪ
а񣬻ʥߴ˿˿ħȴҲ޷ڸסŷĺȻ
ϡ
ʼİʱڿڱߣ޷ڸڵı֮飬ͨİأϲԡ
ϲԹȻ졣
ƻصķԲһ壬ơ֮նĲϵĴ磡
һǹе̲޵ŭŭȼգĿֲ񳱣ûνıˣûκεʴȣеֻԼĵ׼ΪС
¡¡
Ҷǰһڸı䡣
һĻ澹Ȼǰ
ɭȻİ׹ǣ޾ף˸âһʵ⡣
ݻΪֲʱ̣գһٴεĸ֡
ɱ
޾ɱ¾
ֳȵʿ̸Ц䣬ҷȾ˲ѪȴűЦݡ
ֳַħĿɮݼ㣬ﶼɴݻٵ־
ھ֮ϵĵˣ¶˷ŭı飬賤ۣչԼֱۣһȭâ
޾аźɫ׵ޣ£ֳǹӶ磬ÿһεĻӶ޲մȾ޾Ѫ
ǵĵҲˣҵۣſƱʵ޾ɱķģһȺˣϴſħħ󣬿Ц֮Уһ㹻Ϊ֮Ŀֲ
ɱ
ɱɱɱ
еĽѪеȭѶģеŭ塢Ȼɢ
һ̣ﶼҪΪ֮ǵĺȻ˲񷡣
ѪڿһĴԪΪ֮սһδεתġâʥ⡭֣·һ̶ѾΪĴϵĿʼݻϵĿʼǿš
ϡ
˵У˻õźŭѪ
ҶҵĲţϵľʹǿҶȴ·ûע⵽һ㣬Ѫ޷ȴɢһֱͲϢ
һ̣ҶоԼľƺѾȫ뵽ս֮С
ΥֻһССĿռ䣬ΪһССĿռȴڸԼֵ𣿡
һӾ֮ϴݳƺǶһȺ˵ս𺳡
ǰֵðôѪ⣬ƺǶƶ֮޾棬ɱɣɱɡǵֵõģ
һű൫ȴ޾̰˳
Υ͵˭Ҳ޷谭
ٴεһһȣ޷ڸǵĸ߰ϢһϢ·κεһﶼ޷ĵĲһ㡣
ǶһȺαӣ᲻мںΪ顭ɱҪɱֹɱ
ʹˣⲻǶ⣬ķתﶼ޷ȥֿһġ
˲䱻ֹ
ʦ𡭡
һ޾ߵȻĴҶڱŷ˳
ԭ
Ȼԭ￪ˣ
ʱԭϴű֮ɫˮʪ壬ڲϵĲȭͷ޲õĳ
ֻһĻѣ㿴ֻʷѣǳȥĻŰ˲ͼ޷ϢѹȥʱĻ޷ȥڸѵ˵ΪǼһల𣿲ǻڰģȴ˳֣Ȼնݳ
̫ʮѪ쳹˳
ƺǴһ˿˿ŭ
ǰǰû뵽û뵽ǻΪݺ֮ˣȺѪᱻŹģڿǼ쵰ǲôصģģѵ˵ĲΥ𣿡
èݳһΣԭҴ˿˿͵ʱȴǷǷ
ڡķڣдڶʧȥԼ꣬ѾԭִⰡ
Ҳˡ
˵Щʲô
Ҷ̲סĽ
֮д޷ڸǵĲϵĲƺһеϵȻȥû˿ĸϵȴڲڲ޷ڸǵıߺ룡
ڵ㰡ǲܹ֪ģֻΪؼʱ̣һеϢŻΪ򿪣
̫ʮѪؿ˵
Ҳ
ҶĺҪȥ̫ʮѪˣ뷨Ҳֻѣڵʵû
ҪִԲ򡭡ƣεǿ󣬵ȴҲ޷Ϊ޷ȥֿסģ
һŭ˳ʱѣﳼӰƿնʧ˲֮С
սڳѪʡ
ʲô
ҶоޱȵĽе
˵ǰΪԼ㹻ǿڵ֪Լˣףĺˡ
ڵս֮еκεһˣ¶ҪСҲǱΪСһҪڲ֮ˡ
ǿҪ˵Ǽˣû
ôһıĴԪĻ˵ͿԺɨһˣǲʵ˵޷ȥ谭סġ
ȭǿᣬһȭһƶǿΪ֮Ⱥǿʼҡҡ׹ǿֶ̫ˣ֮䣬̫֮·Գ䳹񷣬ռ򰡡
ҶȴûʧȥԼƿأѡһս¼
겻ϵķžǰȣǱһ˶޷飬ڹĦһսʱɢľϢȻҶоԼž죬·Ҫ䳹׵һ㡣
ֻģսѣȻҵ궼ҪѵжôĿֲ
͡
Ҷ컹˼˲䣬һڣһƬͣ·ܵĳѹһ㣬޷ȥڹĦҶ춼оԼĺһͣȻ޷ˡ
ô£
Ҷ󾪲ѡ
һ⻪˸һ⣬һ׹⣬Ϊ֮Ϣâ˸˲˺յֻת˲ȴѾʵʡ
һָ
ָ֮أ죬һָȴ·ǹͨز񷣬һС
ϢȻ


1769 Ǳġ죡
٣ɫҰףҶʷǰı仯
һֲ̬־־ĶûбѹƹڣȴεѹѹƷ·ҪԼʼһ
ģʲô
Ҷŭ޷ƣһĽӲˡ
ʲôҪҵ־˭Ҳ޷ȥڸסģκˣκεûа취ȥƿصģҿ
Ҷģ޷ڸǵĿʼŭ
ǶһѹƵĲҪ
꣡
ҶĲˡ
εսǿᵽ˼µۻɷʥ壬ʱȻѵĳ֣
ǷʱԵĻ޷ţȴκε˶ȥŵġ
꣡
ҶûɾʹᶨƵĿʼʩչԼȫͼȥһ龰
ڵģҶϲѺ֮Ҷ쿴ԼҪһС
ȣ֤ز񷣬ͬģǿģκεˣҲ޷ȥᣬ㲻ֻһռ֮ȲǷǣҲǣҪⲻĲ񷣬ⱻɱε磡
˲񷣬ŭ𣬵Ǹƺǵһ㡣
Ϊ֮ѪȼյĺҶˮѾϵĿʼ
ʥ
ƺƵĴ£˲񷣬·Ҫһ㡣
ҶˮоԼĺЩһ޷ڸǵļͲ
ˣһӰϴŽɫϱѪմͽʪǾȴһֿϢ
ǽ޷ȥһִӱ϶޷ȥĽ
ɣ
һĻ
ƺǴ˿˿̾ϢǸȴ̲һĨŭ
һָմ£·һص̫ħɽһ㣬ķ
޷ڸǵɱͿֲϢκһ˿ȥֿסġ
Ѫɽ׹ǷȴûκεһΪ֮ˣ屻ˣԴ˫ȴɴŲʵɡ
һָ̲صİ·̲ؼһУȻֻһУеı仯ȴ޾
ۡ
ҶоԼһıž֮УѪ⿪ʼɢ
ǿʼһ̣޷ƵһѪҪʥӤϵĽӡһ޾ķģĿԼİȡ
䡭
һָأһеĻҲȫĻָԭƽ֮С
Ҷʼѣڱȴˮһּߡˮ
ĦĲֻһʷһĻЩ֮еϢκεľ޷ȥԱȵġ

ٵļȡȡŰ˲ͼ֮еҶҲž졣
оһһּͻƵ
ǰҶȻĲôͻƣҪ˵ϵӵΪԪԶԶĴﲻֵز
ǵҶĦһ֮ȴ·ͻƵĸо
͡
崹¡
һıȻڣǴʱȴ·ʧԭеֻһͺ͹ӣеֻ̲ŵĲɣϢȴʧȥԭĿֲ
Ҷ֪ղŵһĻѾе׵ĸ˳ǻ޾µҲ޷ڸסˡ
Զصĵط
Ҷ˵³һɺ嫵ĲҲ漴Ĵ˳ɲǿƥźȻһָϵ·˵
һζεİ׹ɢӨӨĹâû˿·һе׵ıֺͼȡˣ̲صǿϢȴ޷ڸס
ҶĶС
֣ıԼ˫Ŀ
ԡһϢ֮С
ֳڸסǿ

ɫĹâĴΧİ׹ǡѪ⡢ɢ뵽Ҷ֮ϡ
ǻ֮ʱŹâҶоԼƺڲϵţǻۿһһ
ЩǿߵĹأǵȻʧˣ־ȴЩ־ĳ֣Щаħ֮޷ѹסǣȴҲ޷ȥ
ҶаԵ˼
ܿȴպԼһһĿʼĦԼղŵջ񣬸ղŵջʵ̫ˣ̫ˡ
˭Ҳ޷ҶڵջǱһջҪ޴
ɫĹâ·ǳһҶļ֮УҶʱЩâĲ룬ƺǱøӴϾ
ս
ҶһսĻ档
һһʽ֮У̲ؼ
ķ򣬵ڣﶼмѭģЩսĹϾѧϢ֮УҶ쿪ʼĽ뵽Լ֮УԼʼ뵽档
ǿϢһУȻһ̫һһᣬ໥ĽϣǱŷԴǿֶΣԭʩչǿҲף
ҶаԵĴĦţﻺؿ˵
ʱҶѾȫĴּͻƵĸоȫںһȥһĴĦͻƵĸо
첻Բ⣬ҶƿŸղŵָоˣսĳ棬ƺ뵽С
ɱɱĲƣƲת壡񷡭ҶѪѪ·ǳ
϶Ϣߵĸ
һööϵҶߣЩߴޱߵҫ֮ǷڵϢΪϢ
嫵£һҵķ緶ʿϢΪϵϢ֮һǴ⣬ҳһָĲ
ǵ룬Ҷ־øǿҶľӵĳӯ
аϢ㹻궯ҡĸоȴ޷ڸסְʹ
аħ֮ϢȻаħȴ档
Ϣ뵽ҶȴҶ첻ϵȥĦֲֿ
ɱ⡢ս⣬־ϴݲҶľ񣬵ȴøӿֲģ֮УΨһطɢ޷ԽĲ
һָ
һָ
һָ˲˲񷣬һеǿߣҶģһȴҲûа취ȥ
оһԼȥԻᱻĴݲгΪ޵ġ
䡭
־ȫĸһ˲䣬Ҷڵĸоһ޷
ơ
ĺȵ
ˮɣһж·ޱȵȻ
˫ĿɣΧһϢ־ƺ˲ʧˣҶȴ֪־ûʧǳ浽Լ־֮С
ͻˡ
Ҷ쳤һ
ΧЩ׹ǡ
΢΢˦뵽һ𣺡λǰȻ֪Ǿݣǵ־ȴѾ໥ںϣͻڵһ𡭡
˵䣬Ҷص񡭡


1770 һ
ռӿڰϢƣһδεĳ·Ҫһȫѹһ㣬ֲϢϵݻﵽľϢ㹻˵Ϊ֮𺳡
һڰĶѨ䶯ţ䶯Լʮӵʱ֮һֻڵչ˳˺ΧһУڵĳһӰ
ѩɫĳ趯һɺɫȴѾòɣޱȡ
һɺ죬µϢһۿȥǿ˸оԼ˵궼ɽȥһ㡣
վ֮ϣҶֻǾĿһƬռڳ
䡭
ڵһɲıֳ֮Ż̾Ϣһ
ħѾ׵ɢˡ
ǿ־ѾʧˣҲ޷ȥֹдаħħϮ
Ҷȴ֪Щ־ûȫʧԼڣԼ໥ںһȻԼޣ޷ȥĴĦǿ־ȴҲԲеļζ
䡱
ƺڴԼԸһ㣬ЩаħĸԼʹ֮󣬳׵ɢ֮Уޡ
ЩˣӦǻĴ֮УΪϵޣǵ־Թͨ棬һͷ㹻ռУֶҲֻѰСѣǾôһȺˣΪʲôȴȫˣ꣬ǹϵʷ֮У׷ʲô
Ҷ˼⣬ϵ˼š
ľȴҲֻܹĦһ˿˿Ϣ޷ﵽҪЧ
ǿ󡭡ֻбøǿҲܹʸ֪һʷҿԸоһʷ֮УҪĶ
˫Ŀ˿˿ɺ죬Ҷص
λĵǣǰϢɣȻ֪Ǿ巢ʲô飬ȴԸоǶ֮صػ־ҡ̽ҵʧʷһָ
뵽Ǿ춯صһָҶ켴һ¶оֲһָ̫Ŀˡ
GС
һźɫȥʮոճͷģ
ֳҲֻھʱڲŻ˴ֺɫȫĺɫǴһ˿˿İɫ
˹ӵװֻӲʺϣǸһַ豹ζȴ·ޱȵĺʡ
˵װȻ˲˵ΧۣϾZΪŨģһʲô۶ӳ֣ʱıܶפ㡣
Ҳ̫˰ɣȵ죬Ȼô·
һ̲סĽе
ʱ׵ļ˵װΪע⡣
УǰһӰϺǸǳɴĴźСӺư˼ǰɫģʲôţԣʱһСӵһ·൱簡ĵӰɣ
ɫķװٺСӵһȳˡ
װҪзյġ
һеϵƺǶԴ˲û⣬㲻Ӣֻܹ㣬ǼȴѩһſЩͨһעʣǴŰɫɫʵһֳ׵С
үװĻǸӵܡ
ŶߵҶε̾Ϣһ
ǵģǴԽ˻֮ԼҶ졣
ʱһ۵Ҷ죬ʵı˵˹ҶεĸıԼװǴ۵ִ˵ķΣĲӦֻѡͳЩƵȴֲ̫ע
ȴû뵽ǣɻǱעĿ
һľ
һˣϵļӿԼĲʱյյʱ䣬仹׵ʢļڣȻģڴʱҵٶֻüӿš
ҶװҲֻǺһӶѣȴûȥֵ⡣
201X꣬ƺҴԽ½֮ʱѾƫˣǸоЩԾĵط
Ҷε̾Ϣš
ȴٴεһ
ϤϢоǵģԼأԼҶĵط
˫ۻſҶ¶˿ĵɫһֻһ޷Ļ
ңǼҵϢҶ졪ˣ
ԵĻҶǺĺһҺֻ
ô簡ô簡үҪ̲סˡ
ţħ˳
һֱҶ󣬻ΪһģţħޱȵĽе
ǲСʱһԶ԰۵Ϯ
ѾĴʱһţڲϵĳܿȥ
׻ĴȣգСƨɣŤϣԲ˵ĺܡ
Ҳʲôֻļ֮мǴ˵ֵBСȹ𣿡
ţħֽһһλĸӰ˵Ůӽ
Ůһѩ׵ĴȣԲĺܣһ˫ɫĸ߸Ь߸Ьĸ׵ӣģټŵĶȹʵ˲˵עӣȻע֮޲ӡ
ŮӷɧޱȣҡҷˣΣԿˣֵ̬ʵˣŮȻķɧȴŶԷϲ˵ߣһ׳§סϸСʱţħĽ϶ʱ
ôģ𣡡
תţħķȥ
һȥĺܣϣϲ˵̣Ǻ˵ĺܡ
˵ߴԼһװңǿ࣬Ǽ¡ӣʵһ׳Уǵţħ֮ԭҪŭĻʱݺݵ
ţħȻϲûΪǵû֮ȴǷɧޱȵһ
ʱѾԼңһ׺ɫĶ䣬¶ֱֻ棬һ¡ļ⣬ͬǼӲĴʯһ㣬·˵һۿȥ֪Ǻˡ
Сӡ𣿡
ţħԼ촽Ц˵
˵ģһţȴڳŶԷŮĿţǰһԾǷ·ҪȥһĽѡ
Ůӵòȥͨĵһޱȵ̬
ݡ
ţħǿֲֻܹεаһԼߵŮӣǷɧ̬ԭĵʱĻŭ
Сˣӵţȥںúõ㣬㴩ôĹˣ
ûаܹɵĹţħֻܹеŭйŮӵϣݺݵһĭ֮תŮ뿪
СĵûְǸС椣пϵţү
ţħΨ²ҵĶԲνе
ΧһУҶ첻ȥ⣬ֻȥһһĸоֻܹᵽо
ҡˣĻˣ


1771 ɵС
Ҷλ껷Ƶļ䣬ζҪصĵطһΣҶĴ֮ڵĸоˣһжΡ
ߡ
Ҷ컺ؿ˵
תͨһ̵֮УһлȼϤζ֮󣬿ʼⲽ
ȿȿȡǴ˵е湻ζ
ţħڵĿţȴûзſԼ֣ڵ̡
кһɣţħҶ㵵˵ⶾػûн뵽ԼڵĺģѾ˲ˡ
ȥģ
ţħڴڵ̣ʱİ̾ûˡ
һǿ󣬾Ǵ̵ȥӶᣬᱻ˷ֵġ
ȥһطҪȷһ飡
Ҷ컺ؿ˵
201X꣬Լ뿪ƺҲһ꣬һʱ֮УΪʲôԼȥ½ôʱ䣬ǻھʱ䣬һеʱ侹Ȼû˿ĸı䣬ҶԼĸо˲Ծ
죬ڽ죬һգҶǵ൱ԼһմԽġ
ǸʱϣӵĻϽҡ
Ҷüͷ𣬻سһϤİĵطȥ
һƬ¥
ҲҶеһطԼûжٵı£Сûиĸ֮ҲûжٵĺôȻԼˣԼǾԼΪʼʱ̣һȴ˸ı䡣
Լˣˣڼصļ
ûǮֻܹεȥԼĸ׵ĸҲȥˣλ˵ȥҲҶøаһҹ֮俪ʼˡ
ž
ҶͣһƾɵĽ֮ǰһƽΧû̫ĻȥͨĺܣڲԶѾ˲ٵӣǱǨ֮ģ
̵ΣСȥˣôڻûг֣ģǵôʱ䣡
һ˳
У϶˰ɣСԸʶ֮Ҳûм֪С־ȻǨĺ£˭Ըﰡ
ǰʮأʮ㹻Ƿܶʱء
˵СԭͻˣǵֱӵĻ˵˼㣬ڿСˣСĵ㡣
ãʲôɲҪǸʲôģGУåǣҿʶеףү֪ǿGĻͷӣǾﶼˣ㿴ߵ⼸ֵܣĻҾԲ˶ߡǷҲû˸˵ʲô

ҶȴϤĺܡ
ΪԼǰҲһ໥ĽӴ
Լеһĸ϶Լõˣȥ磬Ҷ컹СʱȥˣԼһĸҲǵˣԼĸ˲٣ֻѾûˡ
ĸȥ֮ȺѾʮûгˣǴԼһǰҪǨǨ֮ҶԻһ׷ӣȻǮģҪĻʮĲһȺ˾ͷ·ᵽѪĲӬʱĳԼǰ
ʱԼһ٣ƺǲŴԽġ
û뵽Ȼǣ
ҶЦһ
Һڵңȴǿ۸ġ
ʱϵĹ仯ҶѾȥˣڵֻҪйһ¡
ꡪ֮
ҶȻ͸Ѹٵɢ˼£˵겻ϵɨGС
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ûС
GвҶſҵġ
Լ˶ʮʱ䣬ÿ춼ģԼҲˡ
ôûУֻҪǻGеĻͻᱻҵģΪʲôΪʲôûУ
Ҷϴ޷ŵɫ
ѵ˵
һֿµĿܳҶԺУ뷨ʵ̫ˣֻ룬ҶȴɿԸоԼѾˮʪˣ졣
ԴһƬĻ
ûGУǵȴGеģûг֣һ˿ϢûУֻһֿܣϣֻһˣֻһҶ죬Ҳû˵ڶôܣʱȻԵתһΪʲôǰȴʧˣ
Ҷ૵ĵ
е˸
Ҷģرӡ˳
ᣬᣬԭԼҪܶࡣ
ģȴԼ߷ֵƣ񣬸ӵ޷ڸǡ
Լѵ˵ǰң׵ʧˣΪʲôڣûʷûδΪδΪʲôԴڣ
ҶԴЩˡ
˵ǲǸýȥˣûҵҪĶ㲻ɴ㻹㣬ƨ
ţħε̾Ϣ
Ȼţħ֪ҶܣһȴҲĺܣ㹻Ĳ²⵽е˿
һһϯȴҶľһ
ǰһңȥڡδʲôϵֻңһ޷ı䣬ֻһĸѣ
ҶһĨķɿʼ֣˫Ŀ˿˿â
ȻҾңǾͺúõ߶һ°ɡ
ͨľͷţȥƾɵĺܣҶȴоһܰĸо֮Ϊõĵطˡ
֨
һ֨
ⷿӵ棬۵ʱȻֹ
ҶȻ֣ʱЩ˵Ͽʼ¶˾ȵɫƺû뵽Ҷ
Ҷ˫Ŀ΢΢𣬿ڳʮˡ
ʮˣŮӣ̬Ƥ൱ȻƽΪİϵĻױҶ쿴ȴǴ첻ѿ
еһӺҶҲʶʣµļ˶Ǽ꣬һЩĻ졣
ŮӣһԼĸĽ㣬һĸãĸĸ磬ԼӦóΪùú;˾ˣˣҶҲʶԼı磬ϵıѡ
Ҷǿûжٵĺøеġ
ǡ
νľ˾ƺûϳҶ죬ϾôʱˣҶҲӦڶʮ˾ˣڿȥոյĶʮͷϵҲǲ˺ȥϳ
֣СӡСӲǸС𣿡еһӷ·Ƿ´½һĽ
ӵ˫ĿȻ¶ԴӵĿҶ죺ȥ񰡣û뵽ʮʱȥˣСӾȻôᣬĿȥ˲ϰСӵ
˵ôķϻС֣ĿҲҪ˵ˣ֪ԼݣûκεȨ̳ҽŲڣϵĹĻ
νĹùãڽ
Ҷ΢΢һ˫ĿЦЦĿŶԷȴһεĿɬԼĸԼνȻûѪϵϵ⼸ˣȴҲԼĸˣڿʮСûһ˿ԣֻǽԼռġ
ΣҶЦſŶԷмĿ˵


1772 ѪϵϢ
õĴ̫žǿ߱һȺвǿǿĻ»Ӷɳġ

ҶǵȻƵ·˿Ĳȥ⡣
ӵһıɫǰҶʵ̫ĹˣᣬᣬôԼ֮еǸˣҶģǼǵõģϾҶˣΪʮԪî˾ĵˡ
С֣ĻҺӷźݣ
еһλ̤Էһװ˵߿ȥҶҪߴ˺ܶ࣬Ҹӵ
һѵקҶ죬׶ĺ·Ҷ֮Īĳһ㡣
Ҷ쾲ؿŶԷԼıˣֻνı磬Ҷ컹ûжٵĺøС
ſ֡
Ҷ쵭˵
ӿʼڣжûжٵĲ۽ϵ⣬ҲľϵԵʣһֻʨӻϹȥȻܣڵҶо
ʨӵϷȴǻǵʨӺܲˬġ
ž
ɿˣ֪ΪʲôڿҶǵȻ֮·ǸоԼ嶼ڲҶ۾ƽȴ䵽˼£һۿȥ峺۾ͷ·ǿԿԼһ
쵰缸ҿ򣬴Ҹ𣡡
ƺΪԼȻ˵жʱһУоԼϹȥӸоԼһ̲סĶߵһȺӽ
ٺٺ١Ѿȵòͷˣ˵СС첲Сȵģȥĺܣǲְ
һϹһɫӵĻЦ˵
ԷıϴһöǶʮװƷ
ϡ
˵óԼľгȥȫװ
Ůӣ̲סŵõһ
ô˵ҲͨˣΪЩϰߣ뵽ǼֵʮĲƸ̰ռǵġ
ڿҶ֮ҲøӵԹ̰
Ҵ򡭡
Ľе
˵䣬ҲӵϳһľݺݵسҶԴ˹ȥ

ˡ
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ȴ˺óʱţħ˽ϴΪĲˬ֮ɫҶʵ
ӡ
û뵽ԼĶӾȻôĲһʱһĽ˹ȥ
ţħĳҲⳡ濪ʼЩ
Ŀ಻˵Ϊħ̥ԵʣȻų޷ܵһаħ֮ʱȻѹԼ¶Ϣ㹻Ϊ֮ġ
۵
˵ƶһ£ʱĵ˵ϡ
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Ĳҽٴεĳֻ֣ϣѾȫĳһƬİݺۼﻹѪڲϵĲ
ҴҵĶӣûĵ֣ı磡
ҶȻ˵һȺûöٵ£ǶԷһһ֣һһСֵĽţҲ̲סЩŭˡ
ɣҪôȫˣҪôɲзϾСŮľͷŹɡ
νĹùãҶ컹ǲʹɱֵġ
ϡ
ţħĦȭƵЦЦȴһֵ񣬷·ǶǿԼζһ㣬ʱŵһĻֲ̿ѡ
Ҷ˳ȥȼһ̣¶˵Ļ֮ɫļңźܶõļ䡣
΢΢³һȦҶ̧ͷѾĲҽ
һˡһΣĻˣƺҲһʯͷ
˵
͵һ
Ҷ΢Ԫ֮ۿٵ˸˳һĸо֣·֮䣬꿪ʼһ籩һ˹ȥ
ǡ
Ҷ΢΢һϲоˣǸһϤϢϢǳ·ǺԼ֮ĳǿҵϵ
ܹҲϢģֻһֿܡҵĸѪԣһһϢ֮ϵҲأʲôϢ
Ҷ΢΢һ㶣
ಡ
ͬһһ㣬ٵĴ˹ȥһ̣Ѿ޵ʥ֮⣬Ǹӹȥ·̡
͡
ڵģһϢʼȫı֮Ҷ쿴һģӰ
ŮӣһŮӵϢѵ˵ҵ𣿡
Ҷ˵
һĪ黳С
ǼʣĽǵĺ⡣
һ𣿡
ﲻĿʼ˵
Ѫϵϵκε˶޷ȥıģϵѾӡ֮УӡеҪȥı䶼ǳѣ޷ʵֵġ
Ҷǿ϶һ㡣
ҪħħС֣Ƿģڷ֪𣿡
ǺܿȴһȭߵڸȥвŮӼе
ȻţħΪġ
ž
һлӵ˵ϣĲ֮Ҷ컺˽ȥ
ʱڵһڲϷʹ塣
ЩСǣÿһϣ޷ڸǵʹ˺ۡ
еĽǶѵˡ
ӺԼҲˡ
ԼνĹùһɪɪҶ񣬾ͷ·ڿһֻħһ㡣
ڷûĵҿ˾˰ɱˣС֣ˣˣҪһ顣
顱
ţħһ߶һȣԷʱøҲʹȻֹ
ǴûҵĸΪѵʱûг֣Ҫ˵ʱûг֣ǱƲҵУȴõģǵΪû˿ǻʲôʸ̸ʲôʸ̸飿
ҡ
ҶٴεĿ˵֮д˿˿⣺
ֵ˿ɲҰ
ʲô
˵һͣȴҶ˫Ȼɺ
ǼסһȺǣȻǷִ˫ˡ
Ҷ쿴һȺˣĿ˵꣬һȺϵҪߵȣҪǿ˲ı㽫ǵļУһոµļ䡭
߰ɡ
ҶٴεĻ֡
ãȺ˰үʩչ̫ˣû뵽ǲĴˡ
ţħֹȻǶһεĳΪĲ


1773 
ȥģ
ţħҶһ˫ţΧɢŮϿţѲţ޼ɵģòٵŮ¶ŭɫǵţħǿ׳֮ȴŮ˿ʼЩ
ҸҸɣ
Ҷε˵
Լǰûз֣ԼŮˣΪĿֲġ
УүͣͶЩ֬׷۵Ůˣүſأ֮УôŮǰ֮еŮЩŮҪջүֻǴͰˡ
ţħԴǵ˵
⻰УżֵĿŶȣ˿ĥһˡ
ҶʵϳΪ˹ȣһΪȥɳữΪһ磬ʱſԺŰ˲ͼһЧΪԼĹȣԼ磬ʩչӿֲ
ǼˣҶȻҲûҵԼĸѪλãһ˵ԼͶԷ֮ľԶԼ޷ȥеһ򣬲򵥡
ڿʼתʱҶǸоˣԼɢ֮󣬾Ȼһ˿˿ڼȡ⼳ȡȻǿȴҲӰ쵽Ҷжϡ
ϵľݻ֮أ»֪ܴţҵĹ㣬ºдܹҵĶ֣ĩ·ʱڣȴҲѱһЩصĴѾ˰һлСĵĺá
Ҷǿţħħ죬߶ǿ֮·Ҳ۵糸һ㣬ֻת˲ʱѣȴѾԽ·̡
ѩ׵Ĵȣ񰡡
ţħޱȵĿԼƣߵٶ̫ˣһ·ţħνռ˱ˣٵķ̾ʵҶһԵĻҪѾŰ˲ͼ֮С

Ҷ컹˼ǲǸýţħߵʱȻ֮䣬һ̶˳
ٰ
һ˳
ĳ֣ʱһʯ䵽ˮ̶֮Уǧ˵ע⡣
ǹ𣿡
Ҷüͷ΢΢һĿ˵
ҪҪȥ
ţħԾԾԵ˵
磬һж˵ȻҲһƼ磬עصģҪϣ֮еһԵޱţħȻĺǺ档

Ҷĵ˵ͷ
һУΧŽӽʮֳͷֵǵмװҶȻԿĳ൱ףһĳҪǿܶ࣬һȺȻǿһУҴǵվ˺ΪһȺ֯ɵĴڡ
Ǵٰ
ţħһ˫ţۣޱȵĿ̬ǿĽζ
ȷʵǰһ˽Ŀ
Ҷĵ˵ͷҿûˣĻ˵õĻᱻһ̸ݸ̼
ҪҪȥ
ţħ˵
ԣҲҪ
һӣȥҪôĹжôĹ졣
顭
ǹеڲҶ쿴ĵ൱ڲѾǹˡ
漴һܿһʮٴεĴڲ񱼳ϴһĺɫӣųƱƮȻѾˡ
ߡϽߣԵģ˱ˣ
һ˴Ľ
ϡ
Ⱥ˿ٵϳʱ̣һ󾯵Ҳ˳
վס
һмλžľĽе
վסð
һֳһɫĴǹǡ顱ǹ
ľ
뺷Ļʵĸһޱȷ̬һȺڵѪ֮ͽ
ãȺǹ
˽
ɱ𾯷˴սҪºܶడȻʵ
Ҷ˵

һλٷ˵˫ĿҶ졣
Ȼģһ۾֮ȴ޷ŵɫΪҶʱ֮ľ뾹ȻѾˡ
ôģһôģ̬ûǹ𣿡
ԷһѵĶ׼Ҷ죬ĺ
ӹ
˵ģеǹѾ׼Ҷ죬˹ȥ
ţħԼҺɣҳˡ
Ҷܴ˵
ֺ£Ӧ
ţħΪĽ˵
국ĶԻ֪ĻԻѾһһǹġ
ʵ̫Ƿˡ
ߡ
һٷ˴Ľе漴ĶԽԽľ죬ɨ˼ǹ
ٷ˵ʡģȺ쵰ʲôʱʡ
ʼ֡
ÿǶţ˭ǵ׷Ӿɱʡ
һĽ˳
ѸٵĿˡ
ٶϿľˡȻװ֮󣬷ȸֲѾ˸顣
·̵·ߣҪڱ֤ʰȫǰ£ץһȺļһ
һ࣬žӴĽе
͡
һ󼱴ٵĦֻһ·ؼһ㣬һƯֱ֮Ʈ
ǡ
Ŵ򿪣һֻһһֻŸ߸Ьȡ

ţħ˫Ŀ˲Ĵ
૵ĵ
ŮȷʵһһȹǸ߸ЬӣĿȥǸľȻЩ٣˲룬˿˲һ㣬ϾԷ̫ˡ
ˬǰŮȻǲģ촽ݡüǱڸסһԱء
һУһǷ
ǴʱŮȻˬ൱Ĳˬ
ǵģƷƲˬ˼¡
Դӽְ֮󣬱㱻غܾˣڷô飬û˸Ҳ⾯Աеһλ
뵽һбٸߣƷƵУǽһˬǽһŭ
찡СѾͷô֪Ϣ
ָ֮еӣƷƵӰ֮󣬶ʱüͷһͷʹ
Ϊֳķ̲סĴе
СڣǽһưСѾͷ̫ǿˣֻҲͰˣ˵ѵһһˣСѾͷƬӵıŴⷽҲЩͷ۵ĺܡ
Ʒơʲô
ֳ⻰˵ģҿǾһԱôͲܹˣ
˵ģһʵ
Сʲô
һεٰͬСɣ漰˹ҲҴ⣬漴Ļ˵
鷳ѾõϢĽﵽ˾ǧٶ򣬶ҴλһоǵõϢһζԷ൱Ѹ٣ʱ䶼ûСһ֯Ԥı٣СһζԷһʣ
üͷؿ˵


1774 Ĳ
һΣԷĺѸ٣ǳ˶ԷڿһȺڿʼʱֻǾ˳ڵļƻſʼеģžԵĿԵģǼˣԷûϸϵĻĲ˳ĽġУڽŴֽǰ֪ĻεĻأ
ƷƺܿԼõϢʼ
ݱһţȴû˵ΪĺµεĻͿʼѡȥ
˵е˼ǣڹ𣿡
΢΢˼һ£Ŀ˵
ڹֻڲ˲ŻϢģܹ֪յֽԴʱģҲǲġ
ƷƵĻ˲÷˵˫ĿʼҫҲʱһ绰
弱æĽӹֻ
ʲôǾȻͻµؿڣⱳڰǣġ
ʱݵƷƵĶ֮У΢漴ѡȻ뿪
һ·ϣڷǰٶǳ˴󲿷ֵĳľˣ˵ӦٶȵģǶԷȴƫƫľ˵ٶȣǺֱײ̬òٵĳΪ֮ӡ
ģôڵİһؿˡ
ݺݵײһ·ؿʱһڵĿ˵
ժͷϴŵ֣ȵʵȵĺܡ
ǮһǷˣôǮǿǷ˰
һ˿еĴӣĿЦϵ˷ܺͼȻǲҪڸǵı˳
ˡʱ򣬻Ҫ⣬ʱɲǵʱҪ֪ǵıһȺ蹷׷أһúõ׼µùĻǡ
һɫ䣬ϱһİ̺ڸסģ˵
ӦñһȺ˵еͷĿˣ˵Ļ˲òȥŷ
磬ô죿
һָһ˫Ŀ΢΢ţ¶Цݣһط·Ѿ˯˵ʵ
һȺٷˣڽĳ˯δŵ顣
ҶƣԭֻҪֶѣȴû뵽Ȼ˴ˣһֵ˼УĻƾ⼸˵ʵȻĲԼĶֵġ
оΧڿԼҶҲûеģһȺһ̫΢ˣԼ㹻ǳ׵ԣҪǶԷǰķ򣬺ԼҪȥĵطıϡ
ԼоѪϵϢǿңǰķԼûгͻҶ쵹Ҳֵʱ֡
һҲ˯ţղץʱһڿֵӣӷʮΣȴûмİ׳գΪ˿־Ȼ˵ͶģһڻܹɱĻǾʧȥһαĻᣬСҲܲˣǵ˵ط֮ȥɱˡ
ϴﻺؿ˵
̵Σҿǵһμ񾭴ģһﾹȻǲ֪ʲô°
һ̲סĽе֮У൱Ĳ
ˣνˣһ϶һ㣬Ѿɵˣڻ
䡭
һ󼱴ٵĦͻȻʱ˳
ʱˣȻǲľԱôǿҵĦȻҪע⵽ˡ
ֻǵıһɫĦгڳǿ׷
ǺɫĦгֱһֻľˣ·ٲȻһֻ񱼵Ұһ㣬ٶϾ˵˼£׷һĿ쳵ġ
ʲôҲôĻĦгʲôʱĦгôˣ
һٷ˴Ľе
ǡսģ⾹Ȼǵս۸㹻Ĵﵽһĳ̶ȣԴӹҽ˶һĦг֮󣬼۸Ҳʼıǣԭֻʮѣڶﵽ˰ĵزˡ
ϴȻЩʶһ۾ͿһĦгĲ֮
Ǻܿģɫȴʼ˾ҵı仯
ϴǸǣңϴŵƺǾɣ
һ˾ȵĽ
ֻս棬һŮӣŮϴžװƤʵĶȹѩɫȣʱԵøĴۣǴʱյգ׻Ĵ棬ӾϵĳʮĿ°
ģǾ죬ôܣһҵǵģ
ŮģޣǴʱڼʻǵսӵĸһֿ񱩵̬εģԷϵһȴ޷ˡ
Ҷ˫Ŀ΢΢һ漴֮ȻĿⱳ󣬽ӽǧ׵ľ棬һžŮڳ߿񱼡
ŮӿȥʮģĵΪˣҶȴע⵽˶Էһ
һԻĿ
Ŀһӵϣԭ۾ȴĺܣŮӵϸӵ˼亱ˡ
һȻˣȴһ˿˿Ļɷ֮Ѱ˶Է»˲䱻ŵ
˵ʮĿ¡
ŮˡЩ˼
Ҷ΢΢ĦԼ°ͣ˼š
ȻҶ첻֪еǷʲô飬ŮӵĿƺǺȷΪԼģϸ˵Ϊ⳵Ķʮˡ
ƺҲо˲Ծ˿ʼӿԼǰٶȡ
սֻ׷Ѱ֪Ǹ˵Ů¸أ˵Ը̫Ұˡ
ҶζĿųһˣԵ
ģ׼սȥ·ըСȻֻһˣҲûʱͶԷȥˡ
Ǵͷ֮˶һɫȵ
İϴ󣬱ҲУûҵĶ֡
˵ĶԷѾٵĴͳһöȥͬǻСĺɫ壬水˼֮󣬷ɿӷ˳ȥ
ǡ
Ҷ΢΢һȻоڶԷ֮УȻһ˸
΢ȴһϢƺһƵ󷨣ѵ˵һȺĲ򵥣
ҶĿ⼸һۡ
䡱
һɾ޴Ȼı˳
˲ʱ䣬һǧ׳ĵ·Ȼըˡ
ߡ
һи㶨֮Ǵͷ֮˴Ľе
䡭
·ٻˣһʱ䣬һȺȡ˺ܴʱ䣬ԼһСʱʱ֮һȺѾһɽϡ
еĽˣǻǺĻ˳֡
ˣڱϽ뿪
ͷ˴ȵ漴ķԸż˿ٵĽԼϵĸװǮװá
ϴСô죿
һָҶ죬
ɱˡҲûˣһ˷ǵʱ䡣
ϴҶ컺˵
ҶȴĿһȦΧˣʱȻνϴϾȻһ˿˿ڻš
ҪɱãҲҪǣ
Ҷ컺Ŀ˵


1775 
˵ʲô
ҶĻͷ֮˵ɫ΢΢һ䡣
ǰȥ꣬ʵ̫ĹˣϵĹ죬ϵĹ죬ĻΪϵޱȹ졣
˵ɫҲЩѿ
ڸоʲôطԾҶ̫ƽˣƽЩˡ
ⲻһ˸е̬Ѱ֮˰ˣҪôŵɪɪҪôޱȵĽţҶȴûӣı־ǡڿ֣
ʮĽԼϵļһ˳
ܹ˳ᵽеǮƣⱾ㲻ʲô׵飬Ǿǧٶ֣һСĿǳ˼Ӷ޷õһ۶ûʸ֡
һȺȴܹ˳ȡãеĲֻǵϸĻǵľǷḻ
Сӡϵģ
ϴһѺɫǹָҶԴĽе
ǹ²ţҲϴĶԼеǹ֧
֮бЩ
ǣֻûмʵ٣ԺĹ˿ȻǾͰץˡ
Ҷǳʵ˵
˵ʵ
ⷬȴԵûܹϵġ
ǲײĲᰡ˵˵ԼݣҲɱ֤Լһӣ˵ãҲ໥ķֵ㣬Ͼзݣڿ㲻ʵ
˵֮˵Щ
ϴô죿
һ˾ǹǴͷ֮ʵ
ô죿ܹô죿ɱ
ͷ֮˿ںȵ
ϡ
ӵţʱһ˾ǹҶȥ
顱
顱
ĽҰԵøǴʱȴȫǹ죬еһǾҵײ
һӰ˵ǰ
Ŀ࣬һ¡˿еĺܡ
ţħҶЦ˵
ٶȻ
ţħԼеӵӵһԣĽ£һڻֱֻ۳׶ѵˣޱȵŤš
û취Ľ̫ͨӵˣүҲ̫ľףȻһЩ
㡭ʲôˣ
ţħ˵һĲ
£ʵ̫ˡ
Ȼֻˣ߸˵ĸоȴҪ˵ĶʼֲֿĲǰһͬһ㡣
ţħĳ֣ͻأޱȣһű߶˶ԷֱֶֻۣΣԲһ˿Դﵽģʮ֧ǹҶţħܹ٩٩̸˿ûнŵӣҲֻһֿܹ͡
ǲǣ
ͷϴһĲ
ڳԺڣ쵰ڳԺڣǹ
Դ׵գʱһ˵Щ͵ľԼеǹҶţħ˹ȥ

һͦǹȺΪʺ٣Ҷǹ֧ûоȴҲ֪һͦǹļ۸Բˡ
ǹ
ǴͷϴаһǴʱȴɲˣֻôԼ£ҶţħߣѾһ˿˿뷨뷨ҲΪµġ
ཡ
顭
ǹǴ̶ĽҰ֮УԵø
ʮǹһƣǽҲñɸӵġ
̴Լǳһӵʱֹ֮ͣΧĽĦϢŨһӵΧ̲֮סĻӶΧǵǰγԼǰ֮˵޲ǿʼþˡ
ǵģľ
ҶţħˣվһµӶûУߵΧӵȫΧǵߣߵһӵûС
ǡѵ˵ˣ
ͷϴĽͫ׾֮д޷ŵɫҶţħ·ڿֻһȻʵҶţħȷʵǹ
ˣ
Ҷ΢΢һоͷϴһϸ΢һǹ죬ҺСС˼ޡ
Ǿһȴ˵ǿ屶
͡
ҶӶƣ
ȷʵ֪ʲô
֮䣬ҶƿʼӶʱΧĿռ֮ƾյĳһ磬ͬǵһ㣬ޱȣת˲֮ΧתһȦ
ۡ
һ˺ʱʮûһ˿ȫĵ˵ϡ
ꡭ
Ҷ̤һΣϴǰѵ˶ԷĲӣһֻȴԴϣѻ꣡
ԷС㲻ֻܹ꣬꣬һҶɵĻõϢ»ᱻҶǿֶθģڵֻܹȥѻķʽС

˻ûȫ͸ڷĲͫſ·ǿԼ޷ŵһ㡣
һ̣һио㳹׵ʧˡ
˭Ȼҵˣ
һŭҶĶ߻죬һһаȻϴƾյĳ֡
䡱
֨֨֨
Ľӵ﷢ԭѾ͸ھȻԶ
е˼Ҳһ˿˿һ˿Ȼ㱾ģµġ
Ҷ΢΢жϵ
һֶΣҶȻĲ⣬ԷһȭԼʮ֮㲻ʲôǶڳ˵ɱǺֲܿġ
ҹҿ㱳󵽵˭ƿء
Ҷһְֻס˶Էȫһĳ֣ٵĽһļӶԷûʧȡ˳
ˡ
һɫٵľۼһ̾Ҫһì̬ʧ
ߡ
Ҷ΢΢һҲʲôһѾԹԵĻصС
ꡭ
ȫѵһʬϵаħ֮ԺҶ漴Ŀеһɫ˫ĿһٵķԷ
ҵˡԭ
ҶЦ
ˡ
һ󼱴ٵĦ˳
ҶļԪ֮˸ڼǧ֮ĵطһڼʻһսٵĳ߳
һС椣ƶᰡ߰ɣ
ҶĿһ⳵Ǯӣû˿⣬ؿ˵
Сȷʵ
ţħ̾һߵȻʧ
ˡ
һ󼱴ٵĦ֣ʱһӰѾٵĳ
ƷƣԼľԭҪ׷һȺٷˣȴû뵽һȺһﾹȻ˵ĵ죬ڸ·ը
ǵ˲䣬һŨѪζȴע⵽ˡ
⡭ô£
Ʒƿǰһ֮󣬳׵Ĵסˡ
ȥ
ţħҶͷ۵糸뿪һ׷ȥ
һ˿˿аҪҵһаˡ


1776 ǰ
ĩʱ·һжʧˣԭҲôΪģڿȴһֱȻǼªûжٵǶڳ˵ȴѾ㹻ˡ
Ҷ찵Ե˼
񵱳򣬿ֹܵǿߣǹϵĻȴҲǧ꣬ǧ֮ǰǷʲôƺһжʧˡ
ϵĽɴ˵˼أ޺ӵĴţ֣һֻǴ˵
Щ˵ǷǹϵǵһЩأ
˵ҶѾԼõϢһ˹ȥ
Ļ쵰˭ƻҵļƻ
һŭһһ֮д˳̲֮˿˿аƺǲ໥Ħһ㡣
ȻҺܽˣߣһ˵þһӣҺԣŪ㡭
ԽԽСѰȥֻУһȥʮ߰꣬ЦĿԼơ
һ··аϵһ𣬾һЦһ㣬ȥޱȵˡ
תһɫĳ룬Լϻصʲôʱ¶Ļߡ
ʮӵʱ䣬ķѾȻ
֮ⷿУɺɫѪеǺɫѪҺѾɺԵˡ
һ߾ߵʬҵΧűʸи˫ĿԲ޷ŵĲǶȴпڲһȻǱ˸Ϳˡ
һȥ߰СŮ¡·εĿ籩һ㣬Ҷ£۵СϳŤһֺ䲻ϵĳޡ
ܵЩʬʮߣÿһʬ޲ǲӣǰܹ˵ĥ
ԭΪǾǧ򣬻Ϊٽһû뵽Ȼ·ϱ˸ˣߣ˭
žž
ĺɫ뽫һι֮Ȼĸı˺ܶ࣬¡ļ⿴ȥ߷Ǽһ·Щ·һһŤףϸϸĿȥЩ׿ȥΧŵЩʬޱȵơ

һȭӶԼĴһɲıԷƺΪԼһȭ
ɱôˣһζҩݣҵ˴Լǧĳ̶ȣߡһΰ֮ҵҪ˭ҵĶ֡
ɱˡǲٰ
һ˳
֮дһ˿ȴӵɫ䣬ȻһȭӶȥ

ĳȭȭһȭһȭײС
ҲŪ𣿡
һݳ֮У˿˿Ҫ˵궼һ
ž
һֻס˶Էȭͷһž
ɫ䣬ȫû뵽ԼȭͷȻ׵ı㵲סˡ
Լȫµľ֮һĵˣԼȭͷǿֲڶԷǰȴ·ֽһ㣬û˿á
ꡭ
һ֣ʱʹݵϣʱķһ
ֻǰھؿ֮в˿˿⡣
еһ˿ȥ൱ᣬʮһӣһĿ࣬¡ÿһļⶼų󵽵ȥͬһֻһĿֲ
Ȼ㲨а񣬳ŻϢ
ӻؿ˵һ˫ĿԼĴ˿˿ɺ죬Ҷ챾ˣ
˭
Ҷһˣ﷢ʵ
ǡҪ֪
ҶЦ˵
ѵ˵ˣ
ҲһݽɫţħָȻҲܹǿеסûȥҽ
Ҳ֪
ҶĿһܡ
ӦһаΧЩҵϱԿĳ
ž
Ҷ첻ȥϻֱӵһְֻ˶ԷԴϡ
ʲôҿǸ㣬ǲǰˣǵӶң㽫޷󵽵ֻ𡭡
Ĳҽʱٴεķ˳˫Ŀȫĳֳ˰ɫӣ۷ţ˵ͬɸһĲţ˫ȶ²ϣ鴤Ȼھų󵽵Ŀֲĥ
һ㣬Ҫҵġ
ҶһѽԷ˳
ڳ˲䣬ʱϵ··ǻһ㣬ٵŤһſֲףٵĴӶԷϷһųԹף޾ʹࡣ
鳾ɢɡ
Ҷָ΢ĺȵ
ˡ͡
һ󲨶ɢʱһâҶ˸
ҫĹâžͳͽ䡣
͡
һâ˸һŵ׶ʱĿʼ˲٣˲ɢˡ
ǰ
Ҷ콫Էļ伳ȡֹ֮š
ǰһģСİɣ֮ǶˣSʡΪĳǰǰңʼӪڵĲҵձѿʼУѾƯ˰˳ϵĲҵڰﻹǾӪڵϵĲҵ
Ҳǲ򵥣ԷǲǰΰĶӣΪ˿̱ݣֶζĺܣԭֻһͨˣʮʱȴõһλԵѧаӴ˳ͨ˵
һļ֮УҶҲҵ˲ٶԼõĶЩϢҶ˵ô
ǰշĻƺ˵ҲһҴڳ֮УܶĻδؿеͨ׵黹׵ķʽĺá
Ƕʮλ֮ˣҲֱӵĩʱҪԼĶǳ˿֮̿⣬Ҫô̲
̾һǮḶ́ûҩ̲ҪٵĳɳǾԲܵġ
ĩʱؼԪƺɢ˼£˵Ǳ½˵Ҫϡĺܣֻ½֮һĵزҪĴԪ֣ܵġ
Ҷͼʶǳ˿ȥģһ۱㿴ΧЩʬ;
ӦñǴ֮еĽͷɡͷǹϻĵéɽ֮ģаĺܣΪռļһȻܹ⽵ͷزԵĲǼ֮֮ΪҲΪǳ½Ǿ磬ҲԳΪһǿߡ
Ҷ̾
ڸȥģţħȼһ֧̣ʵ
ȥǰҲ²ûдǲǰİҲ˳߱
ռļ䣬Ҷ췢˺ܶĶѡǰǰ
֮УԼоѪΪĿֲȻԼ˾ǲ֮УȴҲеıԵ֮
Ҷ˼һ֮󣬻΢һ֮׵ĵȼ


1777 
У
һھ˸ĸ֮͹ԳǿǱĳУΪȻĴһҵʼҵǷչ൱Ѹ٣̶̵ĶʮʱѣѾԭһȥû˿ֵСУɳΪڵĶС
Щ쵼ߴʩչŻݵߣѾ𽥵Ľܶʶ˹Щ˵Ƕˡ
ٵıȻҲ丯һ棬һκεһлκεĹңǷ綼޷ȥĮӵġ
úͷ٣Ǹϲڵġ
ֻǻ֮ͯС
ǰ
ǲ֮еһȽӴĸ֮ء
ڰͨ׵ĽзӦñԳ֮Ϊڡᡭ
ΪһĺԭֻһС죬ƾԼĺȻĪĲ֮Уɾ˽յء
ʱڷչҪĴȥҲøıԭķʽϵĸı䣬Ѿûԭְ

һټı֮УһصĴϢ
ǻƺһĺڲϵɢһ㡣
ȥֻڲһװε൱ķڲһȥʮҵȫĳ
ǰһԱ˵ΰ꣬ΰɫ˿˿ĺΣĶϵĲһ˶ѩĽ
һҲǳԹˣĶ֮ĺʱøӵļԴʹԼΪ֮²޲ǿʼ˳֮£ǰ׳յȴҲ֪еǷʲô
˳ĿһɫĽ
ѩɫ⣬͵ߣʱԴȻڴϣȴҲԴǲʱ̧ʱ̣һžµա
С΢΢ſٵĿԿһ˿˿Ľڻ³
ߡ
ӵһߣʱŮӵĽıһ

һ󼱴ٶĴشϢ֮УӵҲ˳˴ϣϵıʮܡ
ȻȥͲСˣϾȻû˿׸⣬෴ǣŵһļ⣬С棬ĳֳ鸹
ȻӵȻˣȴûзĶ
ĺ֮УڲƺԼ¶˿˿֮Ҳʲôһ˫ĿȻѸٵĴԭĻ̬±仯Ϊ˾˸ӡ
棬һ˿˿ĺɫѪоԼһ˿˿ʼĻӵҲ¶һ˿Цݡ
һ˿Цݣԭϴŵһİ̺ۿȥӵĿˡ
˱ǲǰİеĵߣҲǱ֮Ϊ档
Ҵˡ
ĴڴϢеŮΣЦ˵
ܹʮˣܵһŮҪ˵ˣ˵ǱȽѵģ⻹һŮ
ȻŮˣΪԼ˵ֶεĻ»޷Ըġ
ŮƺΪ̧ԼףظŶԷ΢΢һӣ΢΢һ㴫
ߺߣź
ĵͷ滺Ц
治ǺڵϵһͷĿһһ֮жһ˿־Ϣ·ԷһֻЦĶһ㣬ʱ޿̵Ĳھſ顣
úõı֣Ժӻ㷢չĸõģʱͻ֪ӵߣ϶ǲԿġ
ԭϻһĨ֮ɫŮʱҲ̲ס¶һĨľϲȻԷڸǵĺܺãȴǱ¶˳
ž
һ΢˳
һо˲ֻһΣȻ൱Ϥǹŵ
顱
ûеȵŮӦʱѾ˶Է壬ɿĵԼǰ
һǹ֣Ůʱһҵ𶯣˿˿޷֮ɫȻû뵽ղŻڶԼˣȻ˲ѡԼ˵ơ
͡
ûѡͣ٣Ůٵӷɹȥһ̣ѾӴͷһĴѸٵĳһѸ顣
͡
Ʒ׷ɣٶȷɿ죬ٶȺ϶൱Ŀ£ǱӵҪ¡
ߡž
һƺĳ֣һʹ˳֡
Ƿžһš
䡱
ϣٵľۼһŵޱȵĿֲ˲ͬһް㣬˦˳ȥһų׵ĸ߷ˡ
ۡ
һѪ֣һӰѾŷɳȥſٵĵ˳ȥ
СӣôĵӣȻң
ŭһڵ֮УźܶµģԷȻԼǰһǹˣȻ򵥰
͡
ָ绢צһɷӶָ·һ㣬ʮ㡣
¿ʼ̤㣬Ȼת˲ʱУѾٵĳŶԷץ˹ȥ֮໥ʮ׵ľ룬֮£ٶȾȻֻת˲ѣ˶Էǰ
𡭡
һĻХָѾ˺˶ԷǰľţٵץסһĲӾҪ顣
㣿
˵ģ֮ɫ̲ס΢΢һ䡣
˿ȥʮҵӣץס֮ϳ˿ɬ֮⣬ķһֳޡ
Ϲû뵽ɡҾȻɱ㣡
ȻϤ
ǴӶԷ֮УԵĶһֿµĳޡ
㾹ȻѡԣΪʲôҶ缺ǽΪҵĸ⵽Ϊʲô
ĳ֣Ȼ޷ܣҲڵ֪ˣΪʲôԼ˶ûг֣ҪôѾˣҪôǱ˸ˡ
ˣԼģǸĶˣĺʱȴҲһ޷ͻŭ
ΪʲôΪոߣǸĶӣ㲻ְɣ
֮д޷ڸǵĳ޹â
ֵĳҲ泹׵ȻһС
УԭɲǲǰһҶģܵĻвٵİɵģһɵİջһշɣǽ߼ҳ׵ıȵ˻ĳ̶ȣ죬Ǳ˿
ҲԵһϲɱ
û뵽㾹Ȼʮʱų֣׼ĺܳˡ
̲סЦ
ǰһж׼൱ˣ£ѾһҵˣֻҪˣİɶҵˡֻû뵽־Ȼ˵ǿ󡣡
¶һĨ޷ڸǵľͳ֮ɫؿ˵


1778 
û뵽㾹Ȼ㱾£
棬ޱȵľ
һ߷ľţʮ׵ľ룬˲䵽ָͬһ㣬ֶΣԼ󵽵ġ
ȻܾûгˣȴӵĹ׳Ϊǲϻ𣿡
Ȼ֪ݣȻҲûʲôԸоϧˡ
ϹȻ˵޷ɱ㣬ıӦҲӦѾʼˡ
ƺˣ֪Ƣôʱˣĺ̹ܶˣ֪ԼһǱɣȻҲͲȥЩˡ
ʲô˼
ŸǻȻ壬Ǵ˿˿̬ȻһǸоЩԾ
ʲô˼Ů˵ʱѵ˵֪ԼΨһĶҲѾ𣿡
¶һĨЦɫǲмĿ˵
ʲô
ɫ䣬һ˫ĿͬǲһĶŸɭȻϢͬǶһߣ˿ֲŨĸоʵøɫ׵ĸı
·ǸоˣԼǰˣѾ׵Ŀʼ
˵ʲôô˵һ飿㾹ȻҵĶӣ
ռĶӣǻΨһĶӣڴ˽ô꣬ĳЩ飬滹ΪģֽˣĳЩϵĶǱȽϵļɵġ
ˣ˵ܶĺڴǣ֮󣬻ѡݷеҪԭҲΪܹԼĺܹһЩܱӦ
ɾôһӣĺܣǳҪȥһ£ܵķ񱨸ʱȻԼĶƺ鷳ˣǺεȵķŭ
˵ҵĶôˣ
ݺݵؽĲһ˫ĿſµɷĶŶԷһһٵĿ˵
ȿȿȡӽѾˣ棬ҲãĶӣȻݺģӻ൱ĸмǸˣΪĶˣ˭һĹͷû£ı˸ȼˡ
ƨӵĶӵõ˵ָ㣬ӵĵϣ˭˵ķڷƨ
ĺԭǳªӣʱøŤ
ʵɱȫңɥĲһе飬Ӧõģʵ㣬㽫֮еĲ񽻸ңǾһһµĴ󡣡
˵ʱ򣬸֮бó׵ķǾʱķЦȴʼ΢Ϊˣһ˫۾һ˫ôµ۾
ᡢ˿Уͷ·˶Ҫ뵽һ
ֲֿϢ˲Ǽ˿֮µĸʱҪ̲סĿʼ
ҪȴԵĲô򵥵ģҼǵã㻹һŮˣǸŮˣΪ㳥ġ
شݳ
棬֣Ҷһڵġ
ꡭ
ס˸ĲӣĿһĿţ
ӵĶӶˣڣʲôҪӵĵģ˵ǸŮ˻ͻݵŮˣϲľͻݵŮˣ˵˵һٸһһôгɾ͸е鰡ӻǰݺݵģ
棬бµĳб¶ҪȥǣŮˣĶҲɱģ
ȴΪ֮䣬˵˸Ӵ̼Ļ̼Ҫˡ
ǸŮˣǸΨһߣһͻݵŮˣȫ֪ݣǶԷȴĺܣҲøܹϲ϶ԷŮ֪һ־޷󵽣ԼŮ䵽УһôºͿֲ顣
ҪɱҪȡλҪ𣿡
һͻȻڸĶߴ˳
˭˭
ĺ
ˣѵһˣ
Ÿеӣ̲ס
˫Ŀȴɵһ޲ΪĶӣĶӣǿԼѪˡ
ȴˣȻ֪ԲǸ˵ģ϶ȷ¡
ýˣںʹ࣬ڿУŭ𣬵һж޷ıʲôģҪҵİҪҰ𣿡
Ǹڳ֣ʱĸڵ֪Լǳ˻þ
صʲôѾûκεѡˣ̧ͷĺ
˭ҪҸʲôֻҪɱ飬ҸҲУ
ʲôááħ֣ڵĸѾûκεѡˡ
ϲ㣬һѡ񡣡
һ˷֮УʱҲϴ޷ڸǵľ֮ɫųֵӰ
ӰһһһȥʮһģһǶʮ˾ӣߵӿȥ͵ĺܣǰǸһ̬ȽϣԵø
ǲ֪Ϊʲôڿӳ֮ȴ·оԼϵĺëʼ
һֿ£ޱȿµĸоѹԼ·ǰӲһˣһֻͻһ㡣
˭Ϊʲô
Ȼˣˣ»ᾪޱȣȴ֪кܶĹ֮£кܶĶȫ޷óġ
ԼĶӣ˽ͷаԶߵĳ֣ŻԵЩ
Ϊʲô𣿡
һ˿˵һ˫Ŀ˿˿ɺ죬̬Ҷ컹˭
ܼ򵥣Ķɱģ룬ڵ֮УܹĶӣҪһôƷĸװ丸ӣһ仰˵Ļǲ
ɱҵĶӣȥɣ
ԼĶӵϢʱķӦ˹
ָ·ӥצһȻĳҶĲץȥ£·һһһץס˾Ի˲ġ
ˡӦñĩʱܹʩչ似ˣ
ŶԷֵҶε̾Ϣһ
СİһǹǴ˺ܳʱĹ
Ҷ쾹Ȼ˿Ĳ⣬̲סĽ
޷ֶΣǲ˵ҵġ
Ҷ΢΢İ˰˵
Сӣ̫Ľˣ
ָø֡
ۿžҪҶĲӣǾһ˲䣬ָȻҶĲǰһľ֮£ֹͣ
ʲô
޷ŵĿȫû뵽龹Ȼᷢ˵ĸı䡣

һţ
Ҷֻǳһš
һſȥģͷ·ǻȭһ㣬û˿ԣǾһţȴĽص߷˳ȥ
ۡ
һѪڸޱȵ֮УҶ쵭Ц
ڡƺǿԺˣ


1779 
һһУ
оԼĺƺЩ٣ֻԼĺԼѪҺ̲סĿʼ
Ѿڷˣôõʱ䣬һֱ̣ʱνһĺ͵Ѿ˥ϵʱ˵Żѡʱ֣ȴû뵽ԼȻʵ
ǡһҪǿٱǧ
Ҷ죬Ĵ̲סĿʼһҪͣٵĸоˡ
һеĳ֣ʵĸһ޷ŵĸо·ֽһС
ôܣ
žžž
ţħڸĴϵıޱȵ
Сӡˡ
ʱ뵽ǰҶ컹ڵԼش
ôѡЧ𣿡
Ҷ쵭˵
ǰҶ죬ĳȣΪǰƿ֮һȻҲմȾ˵ѪżҲֻССֶѣҶĸоԷɱˣǸС飬ȫĲģǿһ˵
Ϊʲôң
ǵģΪʲôѡ⣬޷ףôˣҶȫĿѡ࣬ƺǲҪԼ
ԭȷʵûѡģʵֻһƻ֮е⣬ԭֻǴɱȻǰշΪܵģǿȴǲð
ѡ𣿡
ԴɬЦ
ǵģģܹܣԸֶΣȫţ£˵ҲŻѡ㡣
ҶĵĽ͵
ȷʵЩ⣬ԭҶֻǴԼͨƿǰǸĳȴҲµ뷨
ͨ
һӹ˵ϣϴɫҶ죬˵
Ը⣬ԸΪ£ˣԺҵˡ
Ҷİ˰֣̬ȺͣҪһҳϵ£ȻҪڵϴһʱ䣬Ǿͺúõɣ
ƺͲҪˣҶ
Ҷ١
漴ĸı˳ƺ
շǰӦòɣ
Ҷ쵭˵
ǵģҶ٣һΣҼƻ˺ܾãǰڽһҵˣһֻǴɱ棬ֻҪɱЩͲҷˣǷҲлǡ
˵
ںǿģȻȥһܣǸ۹ȴ൱ĶĳҶ첻һȨƵˣȴϲȨԺֻҪҶģһضǿǰԺӽޱġ
ܺãԺͽʲô鷳ʱң
ҶԽ⣬صͷ
ǡȻ˵ķȥɡ
һɫӰȻĳҶ

ֲȭ磬㹻˺ҶֹԼľȻһ˿ɷϢ
ǹϵ𣿡
Ҷ΢΢ĵ˵ͷ
֮˲ǱˣǱҶһ߷ɵ棬ʱѾǽ֮ˣѪɢĺܿ죬ʱֳһֲ̬ĳɫȻΪԼѪԵʡ
ˣѪΪҪģдϰ֮һ˴ĺ֮꣬־ͻСĺܣǰôĿ£һ˥ϵʱ򣬱Сȥġ
ʩչԵĶԼѪ
֪Ķ
Ҷ쵭Ц
顱
һָһı֡
ʱֱӷ˳ȥصǶǽ棬ѪʣԴѣ
һΣǸ̲סĵԭΪҶѾǺǿˣȴû뵽ǿ̶ϣ˵ǿֶΣȻҲĶҶӵóϷ
ˣȻһе鶼ðˣֶΣȻڲʮѣֶκѾѻѾԼĳ棬Ҳˣշǰٶȷɿ졣
ڳΪ˲ǰʱȴٴεĽҶĸ˳ģ˵ǰ̷ҶΪǰĵڶƿأΪҶ١
ǸֶΣȻֺãȴ˺ǿġ
ҶҲˣһµ£ҶȻҲһĺôģҶȴôô
Ҷ١ǲǰ˱ĿЩǴı֮ҵġ
һ֮УϹϾĶҶ˵
ŶԺҪˣǰȻ˵ƿأ˺ģԺĴУֻҪǲҪ̫ˣǲȥƽϵġ
Ҷ컺˵֮ȴǴ˿˿ɷ
ɷȻֻ©һ˿ѣȴ㹻øΪ֮ľˣ
лҶٵΣǰһľġ
˵
ȻҶ˵ĺǵȻǸȴҶһµļһڲǰ֮УˣӢŵ׵Ĺţĺ֮ܶܶ࣬ȴûмҶԷĿֲ·ֻգۼеġ

ҶĿһЩĿܿĿı֮еƷһЩע⣺
ɺסȡӲ⵹е˼
ص˵ͷ
ǵҶ٣ЩǿԭǹϵĻľ֮һ˵ڹϵս˿ʩչɽɱУµ˺ѴءЩǴ˵ѣƤëǳ֮ΪЩȻҶٵȽҪܴ󣬵ǶЩ˵ȴſµ
뵽ԼǰĲһΣеڶڷë
ȻֻƤëȴҲСϲĻһġ
Ҷ쿴ϵЩϵ鼮ؿ˵
Ҷ١ⶫôСʼҵͲˣѵʱڡ
Ц˵
ǿԶޱ˵ģһ㣬κε˵
޷ֻҪҪҾͿ԰㣬ȻҪĹҩģȴԽЩʡ
ҶգֻҪԼһҩٽԼϵһζҩóһѣһ㡣
⡭ģлллҶ٣
һʱø¶˼ޱȵɫ
Щˣȥƽ棬ʵȴҲģһ˶бߣû˵õʲôʱ͵ñ˸ɱˡ
ǿȻıһˡ

Ҷص˵ͷһЩµĹ飬صȷʵǶԷľ
Щ£һȭһȻܹﵽ֮ȴҲ޼ˡ
ҲҶ컹ĶЩ鼮ʱһȴҲڿʼ


1780 ̫
⡭ôܣڵԴﵽЧ
ƷһԻĿǰƬ
Ķ棬Ҳһأ
ǵģȫòܵģȴȷȷʵʵĳǵǰ
ƬƷƵһĻĿϵĹ۲ţƬ֮Уһ߾ߵʬ壬ǵãǰı鶼Ǳֵ൱
𾪣
ǵģ𾪣
·޷һԵľǰʲô˼飬ǲŻ޷ţӶþޱȡ
Щʬ棬Ҫ˵˵ĻǾôĲϣһĺۼЩۼΪĵȴиȴҲܴﵽ̶ȵġ
˵
ΧһȦˣڿеƬѾڰ칫֮˺ܳʱˣȴûʲô
ǡǡ
һͻȻĿ˵
Ͳ󣬴Լжʮӣڿ֮Ե¶һĨɬ
˵ɡ
Ц˵
ֳ˵֮˵ٶȺܿĻƺǷоͿԴﵽ̶ˡ
һʱеɫһ䡣
ǰ˵ٶĺܿĻǾǸıеķȣ˵ӻһͷԽ˻ΣԭٶȿԸıĶʵ̫ˣȫĿһ˼ģӣһƺǾͿԽ⿪ˡ
ܿ죬ĻӮ˴ҵϿɡ
ǿ϶ģоǶԵģһҪ⣬൱Ĺؼ
Ц˵
ʲô⣿
ƺǶԼ뷨ΪϿɣҲ
Ƿ˵ļж٣һֱٶж죿һۼ˷ָٶϺܿ죬룬еٶȸôﵽһʲô̶Ȳźأ˵ļܹﵽʲôزһЩƺˣ
һʱе϶ʱ¶˾㵵ɫǰȷʵһ㣬˵һпܵģҲһĽͣ˵ٶվ޶ȵģڳ֮˶Ǿḻ֮˿ڶʤһ˿õĳ̶ȣǾǳ֮޵ġ
ˡһ⣡
ƷͻȻ˵ĿƬ˵
ٷһжʮˣǿûУƬϵʬ壬Ҳֻжʮλ
СĿһƷƣŮѪյ꣬ȻһĪĺøУȵĿʵ
ʮˣѵʲôȷʵǶʮٷˣѵ˵Ҫֶʮʬ𣿡
ǺǺǡ
˵ЦʱĴ˳
Ʒ΢˸ǻ۵Ĺâͬһֻ˼Сĸһ޷ȥĮӣ
ճ˵ĻȷʵǺģǸλƺһ⣬棬ȷʵǶʮٷˣȴŶʮˣ
ž
ָ͵صһã
ƷƣĹ۲˼ȷʵ˹Ŀ࿴ǰǱǶˣ⳵ʵֻǽٷˣһʰ
ǵģҵˣĿ֤⳵ȷʵһ˱ʸˣʣ·ûҵģսٷ˵˵ǵıڰ·ɱӵĿܣ˵ӦûڳģΪʲôǷֵȴֻʮˣȥˣ
飡
嵱İ壺
ˣ̵ĵ·ߵ¼ͼҵʵһϢˣ˵أصĳ֣صʧ٣˾ǲǳ֮ˣȴҲ϶֪ʲô
ǡ

硭
Ҷһ˳̲סԼıӡ
ʱѾ糿˵ˡ
ϣҶ˯ĺûϢô̹
ûɱ¾ûֽȸУҲû˶թĶԿҶ˺ܶѹɵ״̬֮£˯Ȼ
һ֮УΪԷ
ΧҲһı
໥֮ľԶҲΪİ
ζʮĹ˶֮Ҷĵȼһ̡
ΪˣԼĸ飬ҶҲȥˡ
ǲǰĵ̣ĺܣҪȥĻδһѵ顣
ҶȫƾоѰңȻ˺ܶġ

һ¿ſƼķչȻϵҲ˺ܶ࣬ٱҶڵľ½Ҫ಻ٵġ
ž
ٴεĵȼһ֧̣Ҷţħʼȥ
ܹסˣǸҶᣬһʱ˲˵ע⣬ȻвһЩﾭİŮӡ
ҶԷ߳Ҳ֮ʼϵҶϿţͼҶϿʲô
κΣҶԹȫû£漴Ŀ˼֮󣬱ţħǰ
ҶϿһµĹеĺܶǲȻҶ˵ٳǶڳ˵ɱǿֲޱȵġ
ҶĹ۲һȥ±ֱҲҪѷɫ
ĹǧʷЩϵĶѾʼЩʧˣлĻ䴫ȥδصĲһ¡
Ҷ粻᳤õģˣһⲻĽᣬⲻǾƱػӰ쵽˵Ҷһ⿪Ǿͻܿ뿪ġ
ʦС˽ȭΪ缶ʦǣҺ˽һȥǱԼĹ棬ˣǿվĺá
Լ˰Сʱʱ֮ҶһСĹ԰ǰͣ
ŲٵڶڲһȺڻĴȭ
Ҷ쿴ĵЩѡ
Щȭ֮ˣ󲿷ֶЩˣȻҲһˣֻǴȭǻͳһֳȭ߽ŵĹ
ȭ
ҶεЦ
ȭǿ嵹ҲˣҪʲôãǸ룬õĻԼܵС˺ġ
ž
Ҷһ̫ʼ̬
̫ȭһֹϵȭʱǳˡ
Ȼ֮˴̫ȭֻһƤëûжٵؼ˵С
һȭҶҲ㲻Ǿͨǣȴ̫⾳
򣬴ȻĴһ̫ȭҲ㲻ʲôˡ
ֻ˫ֿ쳤ƺɽˮ˳ޱȣȥͷ·ӯ˼¡

ҶĶһȺǵע⡣
ǸһȺע⣬еһˣĿͦΣһֳϢһֱĺܣڿҶ֮ȴ˿˿⡭


1781 
ʦ֣Сʲôÿģ
һ˿עʼתˣʱĿ˵˵֮˵ĿһŨıǻƺЩ̫ϰ߻Ĺԡ
ߣҫˣһֶβ򵥣Է似²ĲӦ̫һŹϵѧǵĴ󺫹ȭӵĹϣ
껺ؿ˵ȴһ˿˿
̫ߣȻʶ̫̫ڻĹֻһȺϼһǴȭǿ嵹ǲȥҲһĹԣȴû̫ʵԣ
ҫϴ˿˿֮ɫм˵ȻڻĹ̫û˿Ȥǲ⡣
ˣ
󵺵¶һ˿֮ɫ
ҵʦ֮Ϊֵһ˵ɣһйǺνйһʱд裬ȴĶ֣ǾԻ˵ʱһϼһȴҵʦսԷֻʩչжѣҵʦȴʧˣܵصĴˣƴ棬þ˸ַʽǿάʮʱ䣬Ӷһı´ڸҺͼʦ֣ȥ϶ʩչľѧΪǿ̫ȭ
ʲô
һ˵ɫʱĿʼ仯
ʦ֣˼ǣǹҵȭֵӵǿ𣿡
һ㵵̲סĽ
ǻԲȻǱĻĹˣǻ֪ΪʲôȴһȺ󺫹Լ˻һ
ߣҿ⻪ĹѧǲһֻǸʱҵʦ˶ѣ
󵺵ǲмĺܣȻԼʦʧܣûзϡ
һȺ국ôģΪûлԵۣ˵ǹҵѧ
̫ȭ֮󣬶ʱ¶˷ŭɫ̬Ǵ㳯һȺ˳֡
֣ഹԣȭʶ߻£̸һȭһУ޲̲ؼ±仯
Ҷ뵽㾲׵֮У·ؼγһ̫
ڵ𽥵ĸоˣԼϣȻΪûиı䣬⾳ȴѾ˳ı仯Щ仯ҲޱȵļͿġ
Լʶ֮УһһֿµӰĽһ𣬿ʼʱ໥ײǺܿģȴ·ǻһ壬ϵ໥ںϣ໥ƣγһںϵ̬
оû뵽ֻԵһѣȴоһĸо̫̫ȭ֮ǲ򵥣ϵĻ֮УȻµĶ̫࣬װԵȵȵļأʵ϶򵥣ҪúõĥһſԴеõܶĶ
ҶԽһһʽͬˮһ㣬أѾȴһУֻڲϵϵĻӶԼղŵʼ뵽Լ֮С
ž
һ΢˳
ǲ֦֮ųֵȻҲɵģȴҶжʱЩ漴Լ˫Ŀ
ţħ˫ĿʱĳΧھϿϼۣ
Ҷûжٵ⣬Ͼܹ˺Ҷˣǲ࣬ҾǳˣҲֺᷢ͸оġ
ã
ݵҶĶߣʼʱûģڿǳԼġ
΢΢һҶ˫Ŀس˿˹
һɫĳڴһ൱ĺ
ϿȥǱȽϵģԼڶʮ߰ĳ̶ϣһҲ൱ˣӣĻߣһ˫Ŀҫĺܡ
һʮ˧磬ǶԷж˧ж˧Ҷ˵ѾľһʮĻ쵰ԼҲᱻϵġ
ҴӶԷ֮УҶоһﲻǻĹˣܹͻĹ˳ƵֻңһǵһǴ󺫹
£
ҶҶû˿ĺøУҲûжٵůԡ
ǵĴʦɣһɣһֵǿߣ
ؿ˵֮дһֽ̬ӣ·ǶԼʦޱȵԺ
ңΪһĿֵǿߣ
ԷٴĶҶ˫Ŀ˵
Сʲô£
Ҷ첻м˵
һ
ƺǹԴģҪ˵Ҷ죬⻪֮У϶µǿߣǶԽ뵽֮սС֡ԼǰʴʣЩҹԴ̬
㡭
û뵽ҶȻôĳ壬ǶԼȫĲмһˣȫһԵ̬̬֮£Ķʱһɿɲŭȼգ
ҵʦ𵱳ĹսֻһʧܣҼ̳²˵ҪΣҪǻĹǿߣ
ʺΡСǲҪռ㵺ѾüˣڻǵĹʴʣΪǻ𣿡
һŭ˳Ҷ컹û˵㷢֣ڲԶһڳ
Ϊ׵һˣݼ㣬ϵļ¡𣬴һ䣬ֱӵĳȻΪļһûжٵĺøС
ⲻѧԺеİ˼糤ľ𣿡
һı󴫳
Ҷˣһĸо
Ǵ󺫹ȭ߽ҫԼҵȭѾ൱ˣطٴεԼΪİ˼ȭߣȻиӵŭ
ҫȻҲﰡ
Ϊ׵İ˼糤ľŭɫĿŽҫ˺ȵ
ľڵʲôƺźûʲôĦɣ
ؿ˵ǲľû˿ǷƵ̬·Ƕľȫûзһ㡣
ߣ˵ĻǺѧԺԼѧûȴҳȥʱĴҵѧԱǵˣֻݰֻдѣȴҵѧԱסҽԺСǲǻζˣ
Ҷ˫Ŀ΢һľһĹȷʵǲ򵥣ĻҲֲƣһƢǹ𱬵ģ˵ûʲôôġ
дд裬ȻҲ޷ģ˵ûʲô󣡡
˵
ȥүģˣȻ˵̬СͰӹһĹҰǼʶˡ
ľԽȻŭѾȼ
ɣȻҲݣȥѧԺٴεıһΣ
Ŀ˵


1782 
е˼
Ҷﻺ˵û뵽ԭԼ鷳ģŪŵìˣСͰӹ⻪Ĺ൱ķ
ߡȥȥ
ҶһϷԵţħ˵
ðеĶˣ˵˵СŮҪһˣ˵СҲôǶŮȥ׬ǮԼΪ˲ȻûȥǾͳ񰡡
ţħ޼ɵ˵ȴżСǰ˵ģһʱ䣬˼С˵ĲЩСѧһʱŭĿԲĿҶţħȻǴжֵӡ
һȺ֧һʶʲôǼʶǵȭˡ
ؿ˵
Ҳǵʲôɰ˵СŮţֲ˵ţаӹһŮȳöŮǶʼAVˣȴȻСĸ
ѾǷ
ҶεĿЦţǲò˵ţħĻȴúܶ¶˿ĵЦݣ˵Ļ൱Ͽɡ
ѧԺ
Ҷ̧ͷһεĿĵأ˵
֮Ҳ¶һĨӵ
ѧԺǻĹ֮õĸߵѧ֮һҲлģҶ쵱ʱĳɼȻȴΪûѧѣûȨƺͺ̨Ա˸ˣҲҶεĽ뵽һ൱͵ȵѧУ
ÿÿ뵽ЩҶıһεĸо
ⲻǰ˼ȭŵ𣿡
Уŵˡſˮݰ
ߣСͰӹţֻܹȥЩԲеŮ˼룬ǴүǻϲĹ
ǰƾԼ֮ȥǹҵŮˣôĻ쵰
УǳԲѲ˵ɣбµģҲȥսһŰ
սƨһžԵ䶨ˣǰ˼ȭŵ糤ľǿżҴĹһİ˼ȭ൱ˣ˼ȭʧҲΪûѣˣž군ˡ
ƨ
һݳȻŶԼ֧ߡ
Ҷ˫Ŀ΢΢ϵ˸ĹâһĹʱڵİɫʱԵøע⡣
һֱûֹͣʱ䣬ҵȥСͰӹݷһˡ
ţħٺһЦû˵һţ֮ȴǴڴɫȻڴĿҵŮźŮǣ
ŵ٣໥ĶԿ˼ȭŵĴԼңŽӽ˵Ķ飬˵д󲿷ֵСͰӹѧʣµĴ󲿷ֶЩŮӡ
ˣĳ˶ӡûв൱ĺãҲѹŻȥΪ˼ȭŵĳԱ֡
գӵҪŵжô룡
һ˶УľѾվû˿侲ĶŴͽҫ˵
ô򣿡
ҫ΢΢תЦ˵
ӹˣһֱ൱أҫ͵Ļ治࣬ԷһһΪļƵ
ߣսһһӶ㵽ף
˵ĺã糤׳˵ķǼʶһ糤硣
ľĻʱӮһƬĽк
ȫûҪľ糤²ûдĻһǴİɣ
Ųľ˵
ķɱˣ֮䣬һ˵ƣò˵һȷʵԼ
Ǵһľɫȴݺݵһ䡣
糤ˣ
仰֮󣬶ʱ˼ȭŵ˷׷׵Ľ
ԭòľһسӣͽҫȷʵ˵ãҪ˵ǲľˣȫʢʱڵȴҲյġ
ߣҲŪǡ
ľĽе漴ŽҫĿ˵
ȴ㿪ʼɣ
ˢ
˵Ѿںơ
̫£а˼Ǭ
仰˵ıǰ˼ȭǿ
˼ȭһһʽһɲƣһǰµʱ򣬿˲֣öַˣˣ˼ȭǿ޷ġ
ľֻ֣һʽȴҲҶ΢΢ͷ
ʵȻľǲķ۵ģڵ̶˵ȴԵǲˡ
ȣ
˵ľ廯ͻһ㣬Ų̤ɿ죬˲ı˽ҫǰ
ã
мһ֣ȻͬСɣľ湦һֱӮЩŵĳԱ̲סİ⶯ƺЩҪѧϰˡ
ߣȭʲôǴǴ󺫹Сѡ
ҫм˵
ȥģǻĹĻԴԶʲôǰӹˣǰӹϱǹܵİɣʲô˵Լġ
һƢ𱬵ѧ̲סŭ
ǰôĲҪ

ҫ͵ĳ֣оһ񱩾磬Ҳ˲ȥ죬æʩչԼı¡
ȭһŸ񶷵ļɣڿգת߽ŶҪñֻȺֻϡ

ߵĽ֣ʱײߵǿһȭˣ籩꣬һȷѸͣ綾߳ÿһεʩչ·һĺһ㡣
е
Ҷĵ˵ͷ
ҫԵҲʦָ㣬ˮ׼˵ʮԽġ
ľȴӵǿֻҶȴˣľ¶˿˿ʹ֮ɫԪ֮΢΢һ㿴˲ľȲһ˺ۣ˺һ˿ߣȻǸոշϵģ˾ҵ˶£ȻѾ˿߱˺¶е˿ˡ
ȡ
ҫҲ˲ľĶóٻҲȥʧȥᣬһŲľԴȥһеĻľ»˲Թȥ
ߣ͵ʱˡ
ľ͵¶һ˿ЦһдϸͿһĿ£һֱһᡣ
ž
ץס˽ҫĿȣڶԷ㵵֮УľŭһһȭȻֱܶ·׶һݺݵػ˽ҫĴڲࡣ
꣡

һĲҽȻҫѾˡ
һȴһյСˣʱ̣Ȼ·ûпľѾˣһֺֻݺݵسŲľϾһȭ
顭
һȭ൱ֱӵĴ˲ľ˿ڴ
ߡɣ
ľʹŭһ

ٴεһȭӶֱӽɵСմɡ
ɣʵ̫ˣ
ڳĲ̲סĽ
ǺǡĳҫʧˣսҪʲôʴ֮ĵģ˵ʧˣҲûʲôģ
˵
̬·һ˺޵ȴ޿κΡ
ľ糤ڣ޷սˣ˵֮Ľ֣ûлģڵĳ̶ȣ޷ֹҵģ
ǽ˵
㡭
ľаޣȴ޿κΣ˿ڴʱİ嶼޷ˡ
Ȼˣ˵ҪԼԱսҲδɰֻҿǿֵ˶ΣߵĵȼƸ֮ˣЩԱ˵ҴʲôôĻҿɲұ֤
ôķƨ㻰ʱòٵԱʼ޲õҪǰȥ
죡죡
ľĽе
һ۾ݺݵؿǴ˵һΣգ´Σҵƺ֮ûôõˡ
һβľûаգһʧܣǰ˼ȭŽΪЦ˵ܹðա
ǺǡĹҲǰǹ֣֮սˣȶҲˣ˵ľ㲻Ҫ̫ġ
㡭
⻰ʵ̫ˣһķŭ̲סվȴ˿Ĳ壬Цſˡ
Ǹҿ𣿡
һͻȻʱǵȻȴޱȵļᶨ


1783 СǲУ
ȻⳳֵĴ֮УƺԵЩǣȴ·ڶ߻һ㣬Ȼе˸оĴڡ

ľɫ΢΢һ䣬ҲЩ죬ȴ൱Ϥ
ĳһȥ
ֻһЦվУһʱڵİɫԵЩ࣬׵ļѡȥ·ȴûһ˿ȵ̬ʵΪ֮档
ЦݣȻ˵ûжٵĿԣȴһֳʣʣΪ֮Ķͳ
һԵ꣡
ǲľ̲סİԸ̾һ
νԣ۾ϱԿĳһ۾µĺܣ·һˮһ峺͸һۿȥƺҪоԼ꼸Ҫ뵽һ㡣
Ĳߣȥһ£̬վȫȻûжٵɱһԽüȴһɵϡ
ıһȥһеĳ̣ΧһУƺȫȻĲȥ⡣
Ҷţħ
ССֵ˵Ҷʵûжٵ£ǵһɵǧ֮һҪãҶ춼ԺɨΧһС
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ĻﻹǱȽίģеȴ޲ͬĹ۵㡣
װƵĵƴˣôģǻĵɪʵ̫ˡ
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ǻĹҫѵС֪ԼνĿֵȫǴǹϻ͵ѧ𣿡
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ΪеĹ֮ȺҲ˵Ǳ
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ˮۣˣΪԼİ˼ȭΪľѡһïܵɭ֮ȴû뵽һȺֲҰǣϰֻĵز
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ȻҶûбֳôǿȴһֳ޷󵽵Ŀֲ˸оĴȴĸоǰȥӣʱֳһֺεǿϢ
֮֮
ǹϻ֮ƺһ˵ĸڹŴʱڣĶ֮ˣĻһһǺӣѹһħ
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ڣȴоǰҶѾڷ仯ˡ
ʽ
յ׶
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Ҷʽʱ˲ľľȡ
ڵǰ˼ȭҶȴʹ̫ȭòľЩҶݣڿʼʱľΪҶԼѧԱڿƺˡ
յ׶Ȼʹýյ׶׳հ˶֪յ׶ûжٵɱģ
ҫǿʹ࣬Цǽ̬ʵ񣬵˵ȷʵյ׶ֻ̫ȭ֮еʽʵûʲôԡ
ǲľȴôΪյ׶ں̫֮ܶУſµɱֻҶȴȥ߱ʸ

ҶȻıУˣ
ͬɽһһʽƻʵȴɿĺܡ
Ų̤㣬ֻ˲䣬Ȼ˴ǰ
ߡ̫̫ҪΪҵʦɣһɱ𣡡
˫Ŀ𣬷µĺâһ˿ɱ֡
Ҫ㣡
ľһ̲סĽе

ֵٶȵĽϣСǶ֮ĿֵǿߣٶȺӺˡ
˿ûĳҶ칥ȥ
ž
ҶȻĳ˴ϣٶϿľˡ
ʲôʱ򣿡
ͳˡ
ҶƺǿǴ˼Ц˵

һȭӳʱһ˺ѵķ
ž
ҶٴεԷĽȫ
ȸβ
飡
岻ĿʼһϷɳȥ
ž
ҶĶٴεһˮһ㣬͵ٴץס˶Է壬첲һݺݵײ˳ȥ
ҶԷһ㲢ΪԷֻһˣΪһĺʵȴ൱ĶԼֻһͨˣǾԻᱻһɱ˵ġ
ڻĹҲ˵ķ
꣡
һĶ֮ҶһȭصĻ˶Է߹ǡ
ۡ
һѪһľ
ȸβ룡
Ĵ򣬴ʱ˾㵵֮УǴ·һһ㣬ϵıҶ촷򣬶ҡҡλΣ·һ㣬ȻҪȥѣȴûᣬҶһһȭ޲̲һֿµྡྷɣʵ̲صһС
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ס֣
һŭڵĴ˳
ҶڴʱҲֹͣԼĶȫͷ·ȫѣҡҡλ֮еĴм˵
СǲУ


1784 ż
ŵŵš
һľֻŵʳ´ľӷɿ˹еһˣŭ⣬ϴһֲơ

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ȴվҶһࡣ
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ǴʱĴϵĹͷȫĶѵˣҶ춯õ̫СҲûҪ뷨һˣ
ʦʦ֡ҡұˣ
ǶţϴԹɫĺ
ɣһɵĵӣȻԼ൱˽⣬ڵǽһڰڽֵĹ֮УεҪͼ䣬ҶĶȴ̫ˣȫûг£Ҷ̫ˡ
ȼǿߣԼǿһҲδػĶ֡
ϵԹ֮ɫȴǱ˳
ˣ
һʦֵɫ䣬Ѹٵڴϰ˼£ϵɫ˲ıòҰס
˫ĿݺݵؿҶ죬¶綾߰ɱ⣺
֧ˣѣΪѧǣǴŴģȴ˵ĶԴǣѵ˵Ҫͼ񲻳ɣ
˭ôǰֲûֵ㵹˵Ļܹ˭
ľƢ𱬷Ƿʱŭ
˸¡㡭ʵ̫ɶˣֻѣǾȻҲҪʩչֶΣʵǿɶһôưոݵģǶҵŭɡ
С˵ǺЦǵˣǵѧԱסԺôҲѵ˵ǴǣǵùǴǣǿɺˣֶΣʲôֶΣƽ֣ǼˣʲôֶΣб£ǽ
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ҶֶΣʵ̫ˡ
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ǴѾ뵽˻Եĳ̶ϣʦҲԸ£漴˴Ŵٵ뿪
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λͬѧĸϵģղŵһ̫ȭʵ̫ˡ
ȵһ˵뿪ľҶ˷ܵĽеһﱾһգʱҶȻҪúõһ
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ֵļԼȭȵȵ似ΪǿģЩȴҲֻǹϻ֮еƤëǳ֮ΪƤëǷúúõѰһˣĹϻģ϶һĴеġ
Ҷ컺
һˣţħ֮⣬˸û뷨ͳ嶯ҲȱǮȱʱ䣬ҲҪ⵹Ҷһ
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˵֮ģǼȴ൱֪ġ
鷳ôһҪǸʲôһ£ûŮŹء
ţħε̾Ϣһ˵仰ôĻǲȴҲԻᱻţħⷬзϵġ
߰ɣĿʱȥѰһ
Ҷ쵭˵
׵ļһŮӱ¶Լѩ׵ĴȣԲαǶСƤȹ̿㣬סǻԲ̵ͦĻߣʵޱȡ
ȻҶЩŮûжٵȤȴȥ۵ġ
ǻѧԺΧΧ˴һ͵ҵ֡нֵֽ֡Ľ壬Ϻҵ涼൱׵ġ
еһΪѧԺڲѧԱǵҲΪܹΧҪȻǲٵġ
үүүүôˣ
һ󼱴֮дžֵ
ߡȥȥ
Ҷ˵
İ
ţħε˵
һңȻǳ˲С⣬ҶţħϹʱ򣬱ѾˣҵнһΧʲô
үүѰ绰绰оȻ
ǧʱԵѣȥһͳˣ
ǰҪԼĻγѪ˨
һ
࣬ȴûһʵеİ취
Ҫģһûµģңүүõġ
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ҶţħȺ֮Уֻһȥʮڵϣɫ԰ףҴһ˿ڡ
ʱȻкԵѾԽԽˣӷ·ʱĶȫʧһ
һ࣬һʮµŮˮĿţߣһʮµӢڰο
ģǲҶȴԿĳ˫Ŀ֮Ե¶һĨа֮Ȼ˵ŹĵĻ˫ĿȴϵŮӰϿţа졣
ŮȻᣬϺò϶ףƤ𪣬·𴵵ƣڣ⣬촽һĺܡ
үү岻ã鷳ˣȻȻôû
ΪŮӣϴŽǵɫϸϸĿȥ֣ᷢŮȻʲԵȴһ˿˿İȻһ軵Ůӡ
ڵĵ·ߵģҽԺҲһ·ģٵõȰСʱʱ䡣
ǰӺ鷳ģȻҲרҵҽȴҲԿĳλڵ״ȶ
ǣ˭ҽܲܳ־һ£ˣǳ֣һᱨǵġʮǰҶԷϣ
⡭ǿǲҳ֣
ȥЩµˣ̲סҡͷȻǮȥܶ࣬Ҳ֪Լıµģһˣ鷳Ҳˡ

һ˳ֻһ˾Ȼض


1785 ơ
ž
Ϳȥ󣬲ʮոճͷģ㣬ԲУһ˫·һԺɫīһ峺͸˿˿Բ󲨶
㡭Ҫʲô
ǰ꣬һĶָҪԼүүˣ϶ʱһż̲סĽ
Ҷüͷ΢΢𣬿ǰŮˣﵭ˵
㲻˵Ҫ˾ô㻹ҪҲɣ
㡭̫ˣ
ü΢΢һ¶һ˿ɫ
СӣȰ㣬жԶĹԶҪ˷ǵʱ䣬λݸ߹ӿȥƵģҪ˵аؽĴлҪռˣ㣬ǲܵģһʲô⣬ܹڹԶԶģ
ԴǵĶҶȵ
һ˵̵ӣ̲סҶüͷ
˵ô˵أǮ˲𰡣֮Բ֣Ǻ³⣬ڿǲǶԵģǺһûо˼һ£ǵΣû뵽⻹ûأǾͿʼвˣҺðûгֶ£
һ˿ȥˣ̲סЦ
ǰôˣΪǮ˲𣬵Χת˰˵屾ϢԽԽЩСĲȥ취ȥЩ飬
˷׷׵Ŀʼ
СֵҲ̫˵㰡˵̫ˣڵϢѾԽԽˡ
Ƕ㲻ȥһˡ
˵ĻʱΪŮӣһı仯Ұ׵ĺܣ̲סĶžҪҶ챧סƣ
㣬Ⱦүүɣˡ
ϸ˵Ҷ첻ǺϲŮӣΪԷü֮УһĨĻߣֻߵˣһ㶼ЩΪĵļһ
ȻҲǻˣȴϲս˵ĵߣǲ֪˺ͺô
ԷТĵǿɼΣҶ̲סٴζ
Сӡõĺúÿϸˣݣ̫߹ˡ
ٴεĿ˵
ôܹܲһȥҪ㣬ֻѼһû꣬㵽ҪػҪ
Ҷ̲סĶŭ
һʮһǷĶһδεҶ죬Ҷ춼֪ԼһԸˡ
㡭ң
걻Ҷһٵѵ⣬ʱɫ仯󣬸һ˿Աģ֮£˭ҲҪǮǮҪȨȨ˭˵ô
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ΪŮȻĶ
ܹүүһлس֣
¶˰֮ɫץסҶ֣ǲɿҶܾ
֣Ҫ
ȻСֹ⻬ĶҶŮ˻ȷʵǲðԷĵҲ̵ĵط̣͹ĵط͹Σ̵ͦĺܣ˼ļƷˣǿͺãҶڵעѾϵı仵ˡ
Ļ쵰С֣˭һΣˣû˵ңȵκͷ֮Ҳʱˣʱӻ֪ϲʲô˶ȥģ
Σһٴεӿ
Ļߣ̵ͦ״̬һ
ͷ㻹ǿ˰ɣ֮󣬾ʧȥһԵļһʱŮҲҵˣʱҪ㿴εĵŮġ
뵽Լ²ӣɳĶʱʼøӻȣԵĻ޲õľ˵С
ס
ҶļԪ֮΢΢һ漴Ŀߵڱ仯
漴¶һĨŹֵЦݡ

ߵڣһɫʣƻߵȫ֮УѾһԷɵˡ
ЩɵĶǽѪҺϸһڲϵ׳Լ
ҶֻӾؿţȴûж˵̬˿ʼҶݺͱˡ
ֻһͷļһ
ǰССͣͲ
û뵽ͷΪǮȻҲôĵ󡣡
ϣʱҲ̲ס¶κͷŭɫȻΪԼıƭˡ
һݳʱɳϱԽĵȻĳҶץȥ
Сӣûб£ȻƭˣΪģװʲôװҹ£
ָӲ˺ѵȻľҪǿʮɭȻľѸٵĳҶļץȥһץץŵĻԿѰ˲ѵġ
˭˵ˣ׳գǲǾͺϣ
Ҷ컺̧ͷмĿڳеɳҶĻٴεŭ
ɳ㵽Ҫʲô
ȻҶҲǲôΣڣƺǳҶ֮⣬Ҳû˿ȥˣֻܹεѡš
ҡֻΪһƭӡ
һٵѵ⣬ɳ̲סı仯
УһʼңǺ
ҶƲƲ˵
漴˾㵵֮У˵ơ
Ĵָ棬һϸϸĺۼС
Ȼ
а취𣿡
̲סĽе
Լүүƣ˿ĿʲôⰡˣҲ̲סüˣҶӿȥеװŪˡ
ˣӵţٹ죬ӾͻݺݵģȻҶӴСУŰɣ
Ľеһӻȵ뷨ʼøӵĿֲˡ
ҶЦЦĿһǸɳ¶һĨмЦݡ
ɳҶ̫ˣа񣬶ҶԼɳ֮ĳޣǳ׵ĽˣҶȴ⣬ôͲõ缤ء
үүǲʲôֲ
Ҷ쿴˵
˵ģָѾߵע뵽һ֮Ȼǿȥֻȵļ£ʵߵõĺôȴκεһ˶󵽵ġ
ֲ
һľϲȻǸоתˡ
ǵģֲүүԭಡģһҪԭȴಡΪжˣָһС㣬ǱֲĶظԭ򡭡
ֲֲѵ˵Ǹղүүһֲֻһͺܺõư
Щʡ
Ǻǡƣʵϲ˰ƵڲжǾ綾־綾ΪѪʵѪҲһֲֻǲ֪ΪʲôƵڲҲС
˵䣬ҶѾóһöҩⵤҩ˱ǣһóʱɳɫһı仯


1786 ΢ŭ
ⵤҩ
ɳɫ䣬з𶯣ӿһľˣļ۹⣬ĸоһöҩһֺε֮ĵҩԷôӵУ
ǰҶ죬޷ţ޷ĵһ̰Ѿ޷Ƶı˳
˵ĵҩеľһҵõĻԵĻģȴϼһʹˣģģҲãϼһҲⵤҩСɵľóһöҩϴŵĶԵĲ׳˵ȻҲ޼ɵóûʲôʶڿһһʮİ׳գ֪Ǳң
뵽Щ֮ɳѾԽĵҶ죬ͷ·ڿһֻζɿڵһ㡣
ȴȴһҪ顣
ܹõóҩΪԷر֪ǻҶĲȥЩΪžԵʵ
׳ա
ţħ׽Ŀǣһ̣¶һĨĻߣɲǰ׳գվҲһգļʶεĻ᲻֪ҶѾ˸ˣҲˣţħŻ˵Ĳмһˡ
ˣ̰˼£е˻һʱΪԼռı˶⣬ȴ֪ϣܹԼץеģֻЩԼŬõģģֻʱģΪ̰ɾԼ֮·
ǰɳˣ
ⵤҩΪͼһˣΪ赤һֿǿĵҩҴ;һĺô˵Ȼҵľһ֮֮ȴҲֻα겻αģһ̫ˣһö赤൱ʺϣ
赤ЧҶ컹൱ϿɵģȻ˵˵ǺܵͼĵҩǶĩʱ˵ȴǼֵǣмеġ
ν񵤡ɵʥҩҲﵽ̶ˡ
㰡ʲôҩ裬һоԼ
һ˸̾˵
ǰҩѵðСֵܣʲôҩ谡
̲סĶҶʵ
赤Ҵ֮ѡ
Ҷ쵭˵
ʱҶѾޱȵˣȻⵤҩļֵݲ򵥣Ȼʶ֮Щҩкܶģǰ⻢赤ȴԵǿǳġ
ö
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ž
ҶĽһöҩ˵ҩڼҶ˼֮󣬶ʱѾзӦˡ
ȿȿȡ
һ󼱴ٵĿ˳漴ߣѸٵĲ˼£Ȼͳһ
ȿȿȡ
⼱ٵĿ֮УʱļдźɫɢŨŨȳѪ鱻˳
ߡ
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ȳ֮ʵһŭ
϶С֣Ƕҵţ
һеķɳѾԵĽҶͷϡ
һһխ֮ݲǰΪߵļݣмɵǸҲͻᱻ°ߣˣﻹҪôֶΡ
үү
ΪŮӶʱĽߵĲӿѣȻǼ
ǺǡĪޣĪޣүүûû¹ԣˡ
ЦǺǵ˵
˰ֻİ£һҩѹˣСӣ㻹˰
˽סĿ޵
ǺǣûУֻԵʩչֶζѡ
žž
һ󼱴ٵĽŲ˳ʱһʮˣٵĳ
ʮˣһĺɫ׵ļ˵ׯأһװ̬ǱһĴڡ
үС㣬û°ɣ
һ˿ڼеʵ
û£û£Ǻллλˣһζлλĳְ
Ȼڻ֮УȴԼʶģ˶Χ鲢һ֪ģһЩڸղŻڳı߹ȻûԵĳ֣ȴҲΪ˾ԼȻ൱ĸмġ
ǺǣҪˣλСֵܲǸøмˡ
һ˿Ⱥͽ䱸ӣҲʧȥԭֵȤ漴ܿ뿪
ǺǣлλСֵܣ㰡ͷһλҪˡ
൱ķȤҶм˵
޷ֻǾ֮ͶѣҪֵĸмġ
Ҷ쵭˵
˵ҲֻһżѣԼΪ֮Ҳѡֵġ
һȷʵҪлģĵҩһǺģͷңνȫ泩ĺܣǰĸоʧӰˣⶼΪĵҩԭ򰡡
ҶıǵȻԷĸмҶȻԸооʵǲʲôϵĲ
ͷƾСֵܲĻһͷС
ƾȻǶҶޱȵĸм˵϶Եޱȿʵ˾ȣɳжڰԵļʲѡ
ڱϣƾν൱𾴵ģǹʮ㣬ϼһȴû˵Ķ̬ȣƾԼҶ춼ʹ
һŰ֧ƱСһ֧ƱЩģүүԭһ֮⣬ʣµĵҩҩ
һ˹
öȴҶüͷ΢΢
˵⻰ĲǱˣΪŮӡ
ʱѾûԭֽ̬෴Ǵһ˿˿˰ǡ
ô𣿡
Ůü΢΢һٴεóһ֧Ʊٴεд
򣬿һӶ޷׬֣İĵҩҩӦ㹻˰ɣ֧Ʊҩ֮ˣСллˣ
ҶһЦ˫Ŀ΢΢𣬿ȥƺЦǷ˽Ҷ˶
Ҷ졭ˣ
൱Ȼ˵ΪŮ˵ĻʵܿףǶԷΪȴִһǿҵԣǸ߸ϵ̬ӵΪ֮
ҶԷ̬ȡ
磡
ƾĽ
ʱǽһŭǷŭ˼£ƽһֱԼŮޱȵĹذǴﵽһ簮ĳ̶ȣȴû뵽Լ簮ͼ֮˵ĳ谮ȻԼŮô


1787 ۵ˣ
үү
Ȼû뵽ԼүүȻĽԼƾڵɫǽһ࣬ǽһŭⱲӶûм˵ı飬ԼǰǰүүûжԼһĴٵĿ
һΣȻԼȫ˵ʲô˵ƾķŭˣ൱ķŭ
ž
һǶصĴϣĺ˲úһƬ
үүң
绹ûзӦƺȫĲ֪Լˡ
㡭Ըһζϲ߸ϣȴǱϵĶһֱ簮㣬ΪıҪֲ㸸ĸȱٵĹذȴû뵽ǣһζ簮Ȼӣ
үү
ɳ̲סĽһ
Ҳ죬û˵ķݣ
ɳƾȫĲӣ˵ûиӡ
ʱƾϱһɿµɷɷһ㣬ֲĺܣ˵ĺܣҿɷֻһţĻ糡Ļû˿Եֿס
ͷǲ򵥰
Ҷ찵Եжϵ
ΪмǮ˾ȫΪ㵱үһĹʵǡʵ̫ɺˣ
ƾȻûĶԼŮڿһίӣСˮֱĿ̬оŭ𣬵ȴҲйˡ
ͷ¾˰ɣ
Ҷ˳ǵȻ·Ƕ类Լƾŭȫûзϡ

ƾʱ뵽ˣԼ߻վҶ죬һľ֮漴¶һĨЦɫ
λСֵܣʵǱǸ̫ǸˣСѾͷͷӴСţڶ߻ˣһΣǱǸˣҩʲôľˣ֧ƱҪ¡
Ҷ΢΢İ˰˵
ҪģǮƶ֮ľУĻǰ꣬Ҫûð
ҶͬһλĿɮһ㣬ףȻû˿֮ɫǻڿӵ磬Ҳ̲סڲˮʱ򣬶Ҷ¶˾㵵ɫ
ԭΪҶǴԼʨӴ󿪿ڣȴû뵽Ҷ쾹ȻһǮҪ
ⵤҩҩǺǣҿ˰ɣҪ˵ûУУҲǿƳģһöҩ㹻ڶʮʱڰٲȫޣ˵ɷˡ
Ȼƾһ֮УֻǵԼԼĻ϶ʮʱϻ¶һĨɫ
СֵܣͷҲ֪εĸмˣͷҼԶٷɣ
ҶЦ
ˣһԵ֣ĲˣǵԵҲûˣڳԷлǿپ۾۵ġ
˵ģҶ첻ӦѾ̤뿪
ҶĶܿ죬ƾҪкȴû뵽ֻգ۵ʱѣҶѾʧԭ
ˢ
ƾһƣһڻ֡
ү
ȥһ˵ϣƾ֪֮
ƾϺ˵
漴ĿŤͷԼŮ磬εĿЦһ
㻹Թүү㣿Ǻܲ£үүǰʵ̫簮ˣˣٶĴʧĴ󣬵ĶȴǾԲܹǵģǮʲôҪǮ˵СֵǰǮĻͲˣ˶ǮĻүүҲδصܹڽġ
үүҴˣ
ƾһ֮ƺЩͨˣҲø
Ǻǡߣǻؼȥ
ƾ΢΢֣˵
үүҲҪ뿪ˣôʱˣûؼһ¡
һԵɳͻȻ˵

ɳƾ΢΢һ˫ĿȻĶɳȥ
ƾһˣһ˫۾ɢƸǳ˿ȥֿ˵ġ

ɳ˷·ǸоԼ嶼ҪסһֲֿϢȫҪϢˡ
ģϼһΪѵ̶𣿡
оԼ彩Ӳޱȣɳд󺧡
Ǻǡүүʺá
ƾȻɢԼϵƣЦ
ǡлүү
ɳٴ⣬ɿĵͷٵ뿪ɳ뿪Ӱƾüͷ΢΢һɫĿɳ˵
ϣҵжǴģûˡ
ĿԼүүȫ֪Է˵ʲô
үү˵Щʲô
ƾ˵
ɳһӣʺټǡΪȴ̫ļթˡ
ԣ˵
үүôɫ˰ɳû㣬˵ˣ˲
ӣƾı黺ر
С磬Ҫѧῴˣ⿴˲ǿ˵ı棬ȥѧῴ˵ıʣɳıʺܻ൱Ĵӽ㲻ϲ㣬ϲƼңɳҵ˴Ǽթޱȣһֱϲӽļ壬Ȼȥûǵĺô·Ƕһ㣬ɳҲ˵ҪСĵ㣬Ҳ²ûдĻСǴȥѰҸղŵλˡ
ɣ
̲ס˵漴ٴεĺʵ
ǸһʲôõģΪʲôҪȥѰ
ƾε˵
˵ϿõĳĵҩȻڰԵ״̬ģƾһǿԸоΧģһöҩζޱȵأеҩĳҵ󣬲Ҫ˵򣬾һǧȥһţ¶ļѡȥģеĺôʵ̫ˣҵԭѾ뵽˥֮Уȴ൱ǿΪֻżȻҲ²Ĳɳǿ˵ĵҩ
үүô죿
籾ϲұܴܿ뵽еĹؼ
ҩ󣬶ϰ֮˵ӵ˵ɳȥѰǿ϶ˣһΣȴҪʧˡ
Ϊʲô
ԭҶ൱ĵǣǴʱ仰֮󣬱̲סĺ
ߣԭܼ򵥣˿ȥǿƺûʲôǸǸǿ׳ӣȴ൱ĿֲԳҵֻһԵĸоһ˿Ϣо׹߰ĺ⣬ɳȥ˵Ļߡ
Ļû˵ǿ˭֪ʲô
˵ǸСǲظĺܰúõİһĻԵиоΣôʱˣүǵһμΣΰ״ͦޱȣ΢΢ĴһѶһĲ˵ġ
ţħЦ˵֮൱
Ҷû˵ֻǲϵ߶Լһӵʱ֮УһӰǵǰ
ˣҶһЦ
ȻôĲ۰


1788 ȥ
طһͨȽ϶֮߿˵￴ȥһͬ
Ҷ֮ˣȫĵסҶţħ޷ǰ
е˼ˡ
ţħЦ˵֮УԵһ˿˿Ϸʡ
ǰ˼
ҶҲ൱ĵȻƺǶһѾȻһ㡣
СӡּˣǺɰԷڣЦֹ˵
ˣݿʲһ˫Ŀ֮Уȴɢ˿˿⣬һﲻɳ˭
ּ棿ǺƤصĵط໥Ŀԣʲôɺϵģ
ҶĻֱӵɳαЦһͣ漴ȴЦ˵ƺǶһѾ֪ˡҶ΢΢ĦԼָĵȼһ֧̣³һȦм˵ǲ֪Ҽǵƺɵɣֵˣɵʲôţ
Сӣ𣡡
ɳɫһ䣬εҶڹ֮˵Ǵ̬ԼҶķʽ൱ȷģɳȷʵŭˡ
ʵϣɳ˸ûа취վͬλˣҲɳԽĽ㽾Ŀʼϳɳʹ˱ýǷĶû˵˷Ķģ
򴲵ģ㲻ỹɣ
ҶͻȻͬ´½һĿɳ־޹ӣɳʱ߳ŭ˼£
ã޹鳰
˵ŭȴҲڷ˳ɱĲ
Сӣȥɣ
ͬһľһ㣬Ҷɢ˳
ǿϢҶɫ΢䣬ǶԷ㹻ҶʧɫһھȻӳһǿҵϢϢϵĹ似ӵĿ£Ǵһò̬ʼ仯ڵӣ仯ǿҡ
˰ɣ֪˰ɣһжˣϣֻܹȥˣˣƤӣʵϣһļֵûУڸȥɡ
֮УſɲĲ
ȻɳǰҶ֣ں£ڵӣ̬ɳӿһֽ̬ĿС
£
Ҷľ׽֣ƺƷζеζһ㡣
ð
̧ͷҶɷɫû˿ı仯ûκε쳣Ǿվȴ·һһ㣬Ȼޱȡ

ž
̬׵ļŭɳŭһ̤㣬лȻѸٵҶǰ
ÿµĲȻҪܶ࣬½֮УҲֻһĴڣǾǱǲľǴ˵Ҫֲ࣬һھȻһ˿Ĳʲô
䡭
һȭӶһۣĺܣȥϰĹ۲죬޷һҶȴĿ
Ϊ֮΢

Ҷڵ֪һ
ڻ֮еĴ˵ˣţһﵽһոµĲΣαӵ֮似ϻķ棬ࡣ
Լ似øӵĿֲһһʽͶ֮䣬ɢ󵽵
ЩֻһЩ˵ѣڹ綼ֻһ˵
Ͼֻսʱڲųֹ漴һ˵ʱڣӵӿ˹ǱȽõġ
ҪǷţһķţǿģĳ֣ᵼøӿ£øӶ˵ƿǲѡЩ˾þõĴȥġ
ˣ˵ʱıǨ֮УٵƿǣȥǿȿʼıʼʼʼΪͳƿأԼȨƣΪ𾴵Ȩܹϵرܹȥ˵ʼʷ𾪹ϻʷһδģˡ
壡
ѣֻϵıεܹʷĿȴıնɱˣеԭ֮һΪЩ壬֮෴ǺǴǴ˼¡
иһֵǿͼռʼʵ£ΪʲôȫʧԵʡ
¼֮󣬴鼮ʧˣӶ˺ܴһ˵ľѧΪ֮ʧ
ѾݻΪڵΣʧѧǿӶ֮Ϊ˵֮Ϊ죡
䡱
һȭ͵仯ޣǵȻγһŭĿʨȻܵǲȴǳ޷󵽵Ŀֲ
ռһļٲĦѰˣ϶ԵĴ֮󣬶ܻᱻǿеĻɱƵΪһƬġ
ߡ
Ҷһ
̧֣سŶԷ
׳գ
Ҷ֮ɳһ㶣Ǻܿȴ¶һĨмɫĳ
ʼΪҶеȴĸоҶ˿ܹΣֻԭһҶ㹻ǿǿ޷ȥ֪ĵزһԭҶװŪ
ߣһ֪ĶȻǰװŪһз㣡

Ҷɺķ·һƬҶһ㡣
Ƶ̬ٶȣɳʵЩӡ
ȥ
ָ˻צȻĿҶԴľſɲĲҶͷɿ
䡱
ҶƺͶԷĻצݺݵײһ
꣡
һ൫ȴëȻٵĳˡ

Ĳҽʱķ˳ȴǴҶ﷢ģǴӵޱȵɳдġ
ֻǻצȻͬǱһƵһ㣬Ѫ裬ɭȻİ׹ǿȥޱȵĿֲ;ˣʱɳͬһֻ˵Ĳһ㣬ٵĳź浹˹ȥ
ϴž֮ɫ֮еı鿴ȥޱȵ𺳺Ͳ
ôܣôӣ㵽˭ûһ˿һĲڣûΪʲôǿ
ɳͬ˵ʨһĺԭȴҶڵ̫࣬ɳĵĽ׵ıˡ
𣿡
Ҷ쿴ںеɳмЦ
Ҳ𣿡
Сӡߣ
ţħ֪ʱɳıЦ
ȥɡ
ɳȻĳ֣һֻƻ˻צŶԷɱȥ
һ̣ţħȴЦֹĿŶԷ
Ȼѡţүүֱ
顱
һ߳ȥֱӽɳߵҶǰ
ҶҲɳԴϣ˵
ɲһ˿ӵеģ߰ɣȥ


1789 
͡
ɳɫ΢䣬Ǻܿȴһϲɫϣһϲɫڸǵ൱һţȻǶҶĻޱȵľϲ
ߡ
Ҷ찵ԵЦţȴҲȥ
ư˶ԷԴϵһ˲䣬ɳһмѾȫĶ˳
߰ɡ
ţħɳٵ˸
Ҷʼ뿪
ߵٶȺܿ죬ǱܳҪ죬ȫܹӵеļޡ
ٶɳҲڿʼǰ£һԼһˣţħϣȫû˿·ڵеģɳġ
һʵ̫ˣѵ˵ֻǵɣǲܵģǵȴҲҪĸԴûζû˿ȥ֧ţݵʱҲͰˣǳʱȥʩչвͨģߣεģǾεǿ󣬵ȴҲҼĶ֣׳գֻҪǵǵļ壬εĿֲȴҲùԹԵĹҵǰ
ʱھʹһֳֻ׵ѣԼҲ޸ģ뵽ԼԺܿһˣɳεĲȥҶţħ
ҶȻ󣬵ȴľ鱡෴ľ鳬˵飬ǳ󵽵ġ
Щǿʼʼ۵£γɿµĸγɣǾʹŹϵѧ绹Ǵڵģϻĵһ˿һĴбڰ֮дδزһ£ֻǲ֪ǷĴڣֻϵһת̫ıˣ˼°
Ҷε˼š
Ҷȴһָоϣ϶ǿĴУҪԼȥھȥ۲죬ȥ̽š
ֻһ۵ھ֮УȴҲֻǾţһëͬǴɳĿֲٲȻķһ㣬ϣʤĿֲ
ǾһССΪʲôôǿ߶ֹ
񡢲ʵȵȵǿ߶򵽵״ʲô
ҶɲţֻżȻģ֮Уһų޷󵽵İ
СʱʱѣҶţħѾһű֮С
һĹűȥǹӡ
ϸӵһֲãͻϢµʴƻ²ſγɵϢܹγϢµҪİʱſӵС
ȻôƫԶĵطһűǲװ
Ҷ૵ĵ
طɳģҶ첻¶Է˵ʵΪѾһĶ䳹׵ĴӲһȫĲẦ¶Էȥ˵ʵ
ˡ
ɳѪǿ˵
⵹װģţħǿһʬһ˿Ĳȥ˼ĸܣһ·ȫĲʹࡣ
ʱʹĳЩط˾ΰĳ鴤
߰ɣǽȥʶһ¡
Ҷ쵭˵
ʲôˣ
Ҷţħ̤㵽ű֮УԼǧԪĵط֮һѾ˳
Ҷ΢΢̧ͷĴϵıݣű棬һϸ΢ĵط˸ҫĹâһͷһװãȻǶԷѾԼĴڡ

ҶĿһܡ
֮Уƺ֮ĳһƬֲЩֲ￴ȥƺװΧĻҶȴԴиоһϸ΢ڲɢš
ϵĲǴЩֲɢ˳ġ
𣿲ֻһЩȽϼ򵥵󷨣ԻһĹЧǶԸ˵ĻԻ𵽲˼ЧǶ˵ȴûκεãԷȴҲ൱ֲģܹɵĿ˵𣿹Ȼһ򵥵ļ尡

Ҷ΢΢ĵ˵ͷʾţħ

ţħĽϵɳӵ˵ϡ
ǵˣһңܵ˾ţ˵Ҫĳ˵һ
ҶĴҶĻȴɳһļ޲õĽҶ˳׵˺ѣҶȫ
Ѿʵ̫ɺˣ̫ɺˡ
Ȼ˵ԼȻ˵ɳȳֵģҶڰϻȴҲʲôˣҷϵԼ˵˵ί˵̬ʵɳѪ
ߣôĵӣɳҵˣҪ˵ҿ㻹ǵ찡ϷҪ˭ĺˣ˵
һŭһֿµ㹻Ϊ֮һŭ֮УѸٵĳһϸ΢ɵƣƵյȴֻһҶ
飡
Ҷ̤㣬ʱһǽ֣ݺݵغѺ̲֮صײһ𣬷һײͱ漴ĳ
һ̣ǰɳȴʧԭ
ߣСʲôĺˣһΣ޹ҼĵӣһΣˣˣļҲס㡭
ԷȻѾɳܵ˺֮бޱ
ȻϵһֻƣڸϽĹڵϿͷĻҪѣ㽫Ǽŭ𣡡

Ҷǰһľޱ䣬ƺȻںһһ㣬γ˺ڰĲһľٵĳ˿ռ䡣
ɳ죬ӿ׵񱩵ʩչ
ȷʵǲ򵥣ȴҲȱ˲٣ǲȱǵҲӲһġ
Ҷ˵
͡
һľѸٵΧסҶţħ
žžž
ţħĦȭƣϴ˷ܵɫΧȫһƬɫ·ںڰһ㣬һһĿ׵硢ɳȥеټʵĿޱȡ
Ҫȥо⾢·ѣκΣڳ˻ǿ˵ܻȥѴҶ˵ȴû˿

ţħĺһȭͷӶһȭһ޴С

ʲô
ã˵̫ˣȥڣǸӦˣǸߣ쾳簡
죿
ҶЦ
漴Ŀٴ
廯ߣȫΧ仯
ֲٶȣſռ䶼ڲҵĲ֮У·Ҫظñ
ۡ
֮Ҷǰʼ֣νʮɱһˣ
䡱
ָצ

צȭһȭӶա
ʱҶѾ׵˺һһƬµĿռ֮С


1790 Ǹ
̨ͤ¥󣬵񳹣ɽ滨ȪˮʣһƬˮһĻһеĳ֣·һƬ˼ɾƺ˼ľ
֮䣬ԸоĿ֮һֵӿ֮УԽ뵽Լ֮Уоеף˵嶼ƮƮɰķһ
Ԫ
ҳطʮŨ̶ȡ
ǲȥԼٲֵĵزġ
ڵʱ֮Уܱ˵ĳԪԲһ򵥵飬ĳѰ֮ԪŨ̶ȣҪﵽٱĵزﲻ򵥰
ҶĿʼ˵ţ̬·Լҵĺ԰ιһ㣬ţħҲˣֻȴǲмԪ޷;ȽϣһϲŰ˲ͼȻҲֳܹԪӡ
ȻĶ̶ǿ۵ġ
ֻߵĶȴ൱ĲˬҶţħԶĵطŵһˡ
һˣҶֵڱһֱš
һʯڷŲˮװΣһеλȥѾ൱ϵĹ֮ˣƷߵϣһֹ֮൱Ũ·ԡһƬʱ֮൱ĳˣŨϢʵΪ֮ȡ
ųۣϵĳۣĻ൱ľٿȥгʷˣʷͻװκַǷĻҲǼֵ֮
ʼʱ߻Ҷĳֲδ⣬ĺŲ裬˫϶µ۾ڳҶţħϹ۲š
ȴû뵽Ҷ쾹Ȼǿһ۵뷨ûУֻڲϵĿΧĻ
ӣ
ǵģӣ
ߣǣ
ߵѾ𽥵ĿʼߵΧվˣռ䳬ǧ׵ĳ̶ȣ֮ˣ̲ſֲϢȥʮĿֲҶΪǴ󲻾ҸǶǵһ衣
еһ̲סĿڽе
ڡСģڵϣѾ׵λƣһֻ׵ѵˣüҩƣҲ޷ٴεˡ
ž
еһλߣؽеıӷ
Ȼֻһǿռȴ΢΢һ֣һƵ΢绺۳ΪһУпʼۼΪһ̬
Ȼﵽĳ̶ȣһޣȻǿ󣬵ȴǾԵǿˣǿ½ĵȼֵĻӦѾﵽ˴ʦĵزˣ
Ҷ찵Եжš
㻷£ܹﵽ˵ĳ̶ȣʵĲ򵥰Ԫ֮£Ѱ˿Դﵽģ˵ҶҲǰԵľȲѡ
һСôĵӡϷЩ֮ȴĶû뵽֮ͽϷ£
͡
һŭȣʱһƵ΢Ȼһ䣬漴ĻһֲĲⲨŷޱȵֱֳ̬ĳҶ֫ӡţȥ
ܴﵽĳ̶ȣҲǲˡ
Ҷ쵭Ц
˵䣬ȴȻһ
͡
̤߲ٵ˸˳ȥ˾Ȼʱ˾㵵ı֮У˹ȥ

µıֲı֮ڰ֮һɽ֮УѾ˷ĩǿֲš
ĲϷûм˾Ĳȴ֪΢С±ûмɣ
ҶܹԼĽһ㶣ȴȻʵ
ΣΣɳңɳǰԸһں棬ΪʲôԵƷԣڿһж൱׽ˣ˵϶ڱСȻôȱˣ

λĺȵ
磬СǲײĲᰡ
еһλݺȻƤҲ¶һӣȴһɺɫϢʡ
ߡȷʵһ֪ļһ
֣
䣡
˲䣬·Ψһ
ĳ֣˷Բ׵ĵ棬ְͬĽֻƣգĳҶѸٵй
֮Уֻƣһֳֻɫһֳֻ˱ɫһֻǴŻɫĹâߵ֮ȴ̲һǿҵվѪ֮۳Ϣ

Ҷ΢ⲢΪߵӡ棬ŵѪ֮ޱȿ£ΪߵϾȻ˿˿Թ
ǣ
Ҷɫ΢䡣
оߵ۳ԹԽԽֲԽԽ£ɱ¾ŻֵԹ
Ԫۣ֮
üһԪ֮˸ʱϵԹ
һŤףǿҵĳ֮ɫ·Ƕһֳӣһֳӡ
Щȴӡ
ݻ
ȻߵٶȺܿ죬Ҷٶȸ죬ӴŰȵĿֲҶѸٵݻ֮ʷ
һοֲʷ̲ɱ¾̲ſֲѪȡ
ľѧһΪ֡һΪĥ֡һǡѪħ֡־ѧһΪħǿϡ
ħڻĵһѪȷ磬ΪԷľѧ̫Ĳпᣬŵ˲ٵǿߣ׷׵Ŀʼ֣Ӷˣ׵նɱ
һľѧȴ˲˵ע⣬Է־ѧÿһֶǵɱǿߣҲд˶ԷУ˵ǿ߿ʼѰħľѧ
ɳҵڣΪѰħľѧķ˰Ѫڵ֡
־ѧĸԹ֮УѪĴԹԽ󣬲ѪԽĿֲ־ѧõЧҲԽĿֲ
Ϊܹ־ѧ׵Ĵʩչ˿µĶһδεնɱ޹֮ˣΪѼ㹻ԹǷܹõֶΣ޲ʼʩչ˳

Ҷ̲סŭһ
һе޹֮ˣԹ޷ŵҶŭ
виոµӤǵãΪ˴ٽӤ˫׵ĳ޺ԹޣΪ˴ﵽĹأ˾ȻϵӤʩչֲֶֿĥǣȥնɱӤ˫ס
龹ȻֻһΣΡ
ǡ
Ҷ
˲񷡣
һ̣ʧɫ޹⣬֮ϣǳʼҡҡ׹
ѩ׻趯һɺ쳹׵ı˳
ɳҡǳʯˣ
Ҷ֮УһֲпᣬһѪȣһֲֿϢκεһ˶ҪֲϢ
ΪҪɱеˣ


1791 ζ
ʲô
ô᣿һʲôˣ
ܵģ˵ƾȻ޷ˣ
λɳҵľֵĽ
ߣһĺ֮ʲôûмԭΪҶ첻ֻһǺõ˸ѧ֮
һ֣ɳҵĵϣǾ͵
ȴû뵽һֻǵѣҶӿĿֲϢȻǸоһֲֿһ޷ڸǵĿ־壬·˲˵嶼ýӲ
ǰǰ
ʱϼһڵ֪ˣǲ˵ôʱ䣬ǻûܹûаݹû㡣
ΪԼ棬ȻնɱôˣǸˣǷɣ
Ҷɷӿ
ǰԸΪūôʱ䣬ɳҲԴȨơλǮȫУŮǰⶼģˡǰ
ߵԽ
ˣҪĵߣ֮Գ֮ΪˣǾΪߵĴڣΪĴڣ˺˳ǣȴѾȫĴΣǸ
Ҷ쵭˵
ɣ֮б̹ǣ˫ֲâ󲻶ϣ춯صһ㣬Ȼı
͡

Ҷĺȵ

ڳˣ޲ǸоˣԼһѪڱ޷ƣ޷ƿأǸоԼĺʼ޷ڸǵ
䡱
Ѫ죬Ѫꡣ
ǵ꣬ҪˣǿȴûнΪ꣬꣬ɼǵڣŵһŶô΢ģ
ɱ
ɱɱɱ
ɱ飡
Ҷ磬Ѫɷ
·飬·еĶӿճĻߣͷ·ڻһ㡣
֮ҫ
ÿһεиҶ춼ὫѼ
͸Щ˵ļ䡣
ɳ֮УȻûһ֮ǽԴǽϣĲѰ֮ˡ
ŮˣӸˡ
ҲҶиǿҵɱ⡣
ҶȴλɳڵʩչҫϵĴϵԹЩԹһرҶԼĹ֮С
ҫصһ˳
һҫĲһֹʥ࣬ҪҫʥӵĴ
һصȴޱǿȻҶڻ޷оεʩչڵȴѾɱ¾ռġ
ɱɱɱ
ɱ죬飡
˿̵Ҷ컯Ϊ񣬻Ϊޡ
ħħǵ䣬㲻úҪǵ䣬ﶼú
һλɳҵڵ̲סŭʱ˫ĿѪᡣ
ۣȻ˵һܵ˳˶޷ܵ󣬵Լﱻɱնӣʹ
𣿵ûлῴˣңû˿Զҵ˵ģ
ҶĻشʩչǿ˲׵Ϊޡ
ܣ
еһ̲סıߵĺ
ǵܣȻĺѾʱ䣬еĸ飬˳˵󣬴ʱԼܵεĲߣεĲġ
Ѫˮǵĸ黹ǲɱˣĥӤ˫ִǻŮմȾѪѾֵȥˣ
ɱ
Ҷŭһ
ü֮УʥӤӡ޴İ¶£һ̫ɽһ㣬ڳһ̣صʼñһ㡣
úݣնɱɳӵܣǵѪʲôͬ
һ˱ߵŭ𺳲񷣬ǾǶԷ֮εıߣȴҲ޷ڸԼµ
䣡
һ޴֣ʱˣѾҶȫնɱˡ
µģֻһЩ޹֮ˣ֮ˡ
ҲҶΨһܹˡ
նݳһ²ȥ
ѾΪĹűҶ쵭˵
ֻǶ̶̵ʱѣôݵʱ֮УҶȴѾΧһг׵ĸɨˣҶȴɿԸоɳҵѪţȴȫĸɱ
ﶼڵĹɺͼֵϾɱδһ¡
Ϊ֮ɡ
Ҷһؿ˵
ɳңˡ
ҶֻǺķ˲һӵʱ䣬㽫һг׵ˡ
ʥĸҰ㣬İ㣬㿴ϵ۵ķϣͷųȥɣ
һ΢˳֮УһĨĸоһĻ֮УƺǶϵ൱ŷ֮ȴһµĸо
ѭҶ쿪ʼǰȥ
ˣ
Ҷ쿴һƬ֮Уؿ˵
һƬ棬ֻһЩ۵ĽЩΧȫİ￴ȥƺûĶڡ
û𣿡
ҶЦ
Ԫ֮ۿٵ˸ΧѸٵĶ
͡
һεĶ죬ΧһȫıҶ춴쵽ĳ̶ϡ
Ȼһһķһĺۼ˸
ѹ𣿡
Ҷüͷ΢΢һ
ָᵯ
䡭
ʱ׵Ĵ顣
¶һӣӣһµĶѨ
ⶴѨ֮УԼĿԸоһʥϢڻسֳ
ˡžž
װĹâȻ˸ҳռ
ǿֲ·Ҫմ򴩡
ҶĽӡٵĽһ
һȻĳ̶ȣ
Ҷ찵Եࡣ
ǿĵ֮ҲԳưԵĴˣԶԷʵƺȫᱻѹģɳҵڵȻֲȴҲûдﵽѹǿߵĳ̶ȡ
ֳ֮ΪαȻ޷Ƚϵģڵ˵ȴǾԲ򵥵ġ
䡭
ҽɲı֣ʱһĹâѸٵ
ֻһӰ˸˳
ϣ
Щ׹ɢҫϢȴŽĦ
׹ۣ漴γһӰӰŻƽɫǹ̤գһ԰ɫͷţһϢ䳹񷣡
飿飿
Ҷһ㶣ԷӰĳ֣ζ
Ʒүڳˣ
ˡͷ˳һĺͼݵ൱ԶĴݣӰչһӰ
ˣ
֮ҶҲʼùŹ


1792 ٸ
ףȻˣԣеһȥûʲôȴƷүһ൱ΣյĸоһȥȻڭүҪ࣬ⲻѧ
ϴҫʥϢǼȴȫǺɫӣ˶Է֮⣬Էһƺȫɫġ
Щ޲˵һһˡ
һ𣿡
ҶаԵ˼
ƺǺˣνϵ۲ðģһϣֵɵʣȫһƦӣһƦӿӵʥ𣿡
Ҷоƺǲ򵥡
ҵļ⣬ôķҵؼôǿ׳УҵĸҲ̫ˡ
Ҷţħߣһĺߡ
ڻ˵ǵˮƽ˵ƺǺ˺ȫǲմߵģҶ쾭ǰɦŪ˵ĺˣȴǸоԼһֵˡ
ȿȿȡ
ƺǲҶţħߵΪƷĺˣڵһʥ̬
ǾƷү𣿺ܺãΪϵ۵ĴߣΪϵ۵ĴˣΪʥĸǵĶ裬ƷүǱʾһֵĺøкͣǼн㣿ãȻˣĸҲǿԵġ
Ƿ⣡
Ҷüͷһ΢䡣
͡
ľһצ
Ҫʲô
оһצ֮вǿ˺֮ƷɫʱĿǴſʵͬħ
֮
ԷȭͷӶһ׹˸ʱҫʥٴεĳһϣĿʼǿıӰƺǱøŨһ˸Ȼס塣
ϣ
Ҷ΢ȻһֵĲ
ߡССȻ֮ѡ

һ޴İɫ񴸴ȴٵҶģͼҶ־׵Ĵһ㡣
ǴĻҶ콫ҵı仯޷ڸǵ˺
ʥӤֻ΢΢˫ĿҲʲôֻ΢΢ġߡһһ̣һǿȴ͵Ŀʼй˳
䡱
֮Ѹٵı˺ѵ
顱
һצҲһӰѸٵĴ飬صĻƷ

Ʒ﷢һĲҽҶ·ڿһֻһ㣺
ôܣⲻѧ
ϣԣڻ֮Уôֲǿߣ
Ҷ˫Ŀ˿˿ɺ죬ؿ˵
ѡ񣬱ͣϸţһһ䣬شһ䣬ȻˣǲϵĻǾ͸ðˣһԼֶҵ𰸵ġ
ҶƷȽϵĺ棬ԷֵҫâʵС
еҲΪĺ棬ΪҶоĵһԲԼģֻԼģʲôط
˰죬Ҷûҵ𰸡
ѡһ
Ʒĵľָ
ܺãʲô
Ҷ쿪ڻʵ
үҽƷһλְԱٸ֮еһλ̣Ҳһλ̣һżȻ˻ĹΪһ⣬Աӡͨ˽⣬ƺӡ˳ʮʱˡ
ƷС˵һһ˫Ŀ֮Уȴ˿˿Ľƻ̬
ǲ˵ʵ
ҶȻ󣬵ȴҶһ׳գ෴ǣҶǴ鳬˵ϵκεһˣԶԷС޷Ͽɵġ
˵ĶʵҪ
ž
ҶֱӰԴϣѾȥһϻˡ
ˡ
һ׹ƺǸоҶͼâȫĽƷ
ҫʷʫĸ̡ĲƲϵɣͼҶƵ
ߣҪ˵ֻҵǰҲû˿ãֻֿǻӵʹࡣ
Ҷ쵭˵
ܿ죬ҶѾݺݵذ˶ԷԴ棬΢ʱԷϢʼҶԴԴϵĲ׽ˡ
ϢĲ׽ҶϱҲʼԽĹŹ
һĻȷʵûдеҪϢûˣ˾Ȼһλ̣ٸԵ͵ȼ൱ϸġ
֮Ǹ߸ϵĽ̻ʣαǵĻ֣̽ǽ̻֮µǿ֮ˣȨĺܡ
ƷΪһˣȴ̵ܹĳ̶ȣʵĲ򵥣һҪԭڴ˵ʺǿ¡
ٸ֮Уκϵ۹ͨһҪϵ۵ķ䣬ȻˣƷǲģϵ۵ķ䣬֮ԱǣκΣѾĹͨ찡
ӳʮǰʱ䣬һףҫĹԣǿһϵȥ
һֻжʮʱ򣬱Ϊ˺̣һΪḷ́Ȩơ
ǴһһܹǱҲδصĲΪٸԵͳƿأȴһѧļһȻų˵Ĺͨκζϵ⣬ʵĲðˣٸ֮УǲúõǴŹͷĹϵĹŮڵĶ·Ӷ̻Ҫɱ
УҲ˺ܶ飬Щ飬Ҷȴ޷֪Щ·һķӡһ㣬ҶǿеҪƷӡƱػƷ
һֶٸԵĺȴҶоˡ
ĽǣƷΪѲڣ󱻽̻˳׵ķӡסˡ
κһһţԵţǱӡˣӡǽ̻µģƾǿʣȻԼϵҫ֮øŨ
֮УγһŨʥ⡣
ǻʵʣ̻ڵѶá
̡һˡ
ҶıΪĹŹ֣Ʒı飬ڿһֻһĿ¡
ˡôˣ˾ûȨ𣿡
ƷСֹҪȥģҶǰоˣԼƺǶҶ˵һֻϣһֻȥϡ
ҶûȥҿԼеļ䣬ȴҲΪĸм
ϵ𣿡
Ҷ컺Ц
Ʒıһࣺ
һ㣬ȻҶϵ۲ϲȴܿ϶һһǴڵģ٣ʥĸǴڵģϵëǲǴţûʲôϵ
ٸԡ
Ҷľ׽֡
ǰԼȻǲܽӴЩģǽӴˣȴҲԵûȤҶȴҪȥʶһǴ˵Ϊӽϵ۵ʥء
ٸԡ
ƷҲ˵֣֮Уʱ˸ֲĺâƺǶޱȵĳޣ


1793 
߰ɡ
Ҷ쵭˵
ƷƷԣȥӣҶȴԸоԷ֮ǿȴΪԷģһźĳ֮ģȻа񣬵Ǳȴ൱Ĳ
ңһܶҶθڣ˶һ׳֦
дйŰѩŮ𣿴ƨɵ֡
Ʒһޱȵʵ
顭
ţħֱӵһŽѾ߷˳ȥ
¡¡
һٴεıĳΪ˸ӡ
үģţүүûݳ޵ء
ţħ߷߲ƽĽе
߰ɡ
ҶЦ˵
ţ磬ţүȥƷŰѩѣŮţٸԵŮ
ƷƺһֻͲڵĸƨһ㣬ƨƨߵĸţħıĵӣʵҶоѾĺţħһ𣬿»Ὣ׵ĸҵġ
ˡ
һ΢
Ҷͳһֻʾĺһİš
Ҷȴ֪˭漴Ľ
ô£
Ǹ磬Ҷ첻ܽǰ飬ȴҶͲһֻ෴ڲǰԵĻԴһ֧ǿ
Ҷ٣ˣˡ
ֻ֮д˸Ǿ
֪ˣϾ͵
ҶĹҶֻţħƷ˵
ǻȥ
Ҷ١ҲԼҶ٣Ů츾𣿲ɣҾûOLʵҲģOLɣϺðΪ֮
顱
ҶûĽѾٴεһ߷ɡ
ڵѾںˣԼеĵۣôͽôһһ˻ء
һƺǶˣƷǽһƶᰡٵĸҶƨɺ棬ƨƨߵļ˸߲ҵĽԼķʷ
Լ˲֮ţħѾľȻҲȥˡ
ţħټڵƷҵôļһأ
ҶЦõ˵
ҶߵٶȲԼʮӵʱѣǱص˲ǰ֮С
ʱĸȺˡ
Ҷ١
֮ˣȴҶ֮վĽе
ȻûмҶֶΣȴӸֻƬ֪֮ҶǿԲǳ˿󵽵ľ˺ǿ
ʲôˣ
ŸҶ쵭˵
Ҷ٣ȷʵǺ鷳Ҳûаմ飬ֻˡ
˵ɣ
Ҷû⣬Ŀ˵
ǡһΣշ൱˳ǽųɾŵǵ֮ˣȴһ˵ǻûи㶨
Ҷλ棬ĺŲ裬ȥ
Ҳ֪ҶƢ˼˵
û൱ǣһƱȻſֲⱳڳȥȫˣһΨһܹˣڼ򵥵˵˼֮Ҳˡ
ž
еıӻķ£һ
һСɵȻĲ̶ȵп²ô򵥵ġ
ǰܴûǿ֧ţûоԵţһСɵȻܻôĵġ
ǵģҶ٣һСһΪү϶Ϊ׵ģүһĺܶ϶ѾѮԸȴûиı䣬浱Ҳֱ桭
Ҷĵ˵ͷ
ʬ̧ҿ
ǣ
æĵͷ漴ķԸ̧ʬ塣
ҲǺĿҶ죬Ȼ˵Ҷ˵컨׹ûоԵʵǰǵҲǷֹġ
ܿ죬ʬ屻̧
Ҷָ΢սϵİڲƿ
ʱó˸֮һ
ʩչѾѰ֮ˡ

ҶķֵΪ档
ߵ忴ȥû˿ƵģûѪûκε˺ۣ·Ȼˡ
˶ǿ׳֮˵ܴԱͽˡ
ϧ˵
Ҷĵ˵ͷ
Ԫۣ֮
Ҷü΢ʱߡ
ֻ˵ʬڲһİɫڻۣЩɫϵӶǵ󲻶ϵ׳󣬼ƻǵʣ
û
Ʒ̲סĽе
û
޲е
ǵģûڵҽѧֶ˵֮У¶ûκεһҽԺƵġ
ٺ٣Ҷ٣ɡ
Ʒֺõ˵
аգ
Ҷ쵭˵
İɣѾ֪Ǳʲô˵ˡ
ƷЦ˵
Ҷ٣λǣ
ƷǵɵӣôʲôˣҲˣȴ˵ûȻĸǿǹ
ƷүǶĸˣ´̶
Ʒһ漴ȼһ̣રવڣһϵȻɴڣȴѾֳһǿҵʥϢϢͷ·屻ʥʹһ㣬øӶĵɳ
޷ţһϵôͱôأ
뵽ҶƷҲЩȻˡ
ϵëƷүүҪ鷳ˣȻˣ鷳Ĳ㣬ʵ鷳װʥĸǡ
ƷޱȵĽе㻰ݶʱڳ¶һĨ鴤̬
ѾĿ

һ΢绺ƮƷıҫĹâʼ˸һʥӰӦó֮Ϊʹ
ʹʹ
ۻôôܣӼ񼣣
ɣ
˵ʱ

Ʒﵭ˵
ʥĽ̬һֹŹֵĸо
ˡ
ʥѸٵĳֻֻ֣֣ɢʥѩ񣬷·ʵһ㣬ƷѾһ̰ĿԼʥӰϵˮӣ̬Ҷ춼оһĶ񺮡
ѾӰڻ󣬵ܹԼĻˣǻǵһμ
ţүүûѾ
ţħԴǵ˵

һߵѸٵĴݳֻֻصǵĵ֮ϣ漴ߵͷ·ƽĺˮԭļžһ㣬ѸٵĳһĲƣЩƿʼѸٵĻۣһӰӴǵѸٵļ˳
𣿡
Ҷ΢ȻɢһɷϢ

Хһ㣬ٴεջһ̣ĵڲѾһŤӰ
Ȼʹү²һġ
ƷЦ˵ȴޱȵ𺳣¶ȣ൱ģ˵Ҷȴţû˿ʹ̬ƷҶжϸӵĿ϶


1794 ͷ

Ҷüͷ΢΢һĿƷ֣൱ʡ
Ҷ٣ǺֻһԷķѣû̫ãȻˣǶԵģЩͨ˵Ļȴſµɱ
Ҷĸоһ˿
䣬ޱȵĺ䣬Ӧٶȵĳ̶ȣǳ˵ĻȻ޷ģǶҶ˵ˮ֮η壬෴ȥԷ
Ǿˮ֮ȡĻвСĺôҶģİ˼֮Ҷ㽫˳ȥԸǾȻ֮֮߰ҶŻʵ
ʲô
Ҷ٣˵ҲһϵΪĹĳһܽҲǴСֵġ
һ˵ɫʱı仯
ү֣ѵ˵С˹һ𣿡
ɲһС飬ĺ͵֮ìܣ޷˵ģ֮䣬һȻǳ棬СǾԵҪġ
˵ֵϾȻСĶԵ˵ˣүֺС֮Ѿ໥ĺˣоκεݵġ
ݣͿүˬˣû뵽ѾľȻ˱֮£Ҷ٣Ҵɱȥү
һԸ𱬵Ӵ˵
ٺ٣˵ͨ˵ĻǾȥٶ࣬ЧҲǲģɲǼֲﰡ
Ʒરવĳ̣Ц˵
Ϊ֣һǳ̬һǳֳŮ̬Գ֮ΪѩУŮԳ֮ΪѩŮͳΪ
ڵ֮УȻͬ˵һ㣬ʵȴˣһȽϳڻҲв˽ģǾǰ
Ҷ΢΢һ
ʦ𣿡
ⰲҶȻҲţǶԷĸִţҶ춼ֻǵһִ˵ˣ˿û⣬ҶȴЩˡ
ѵ˵ʦĴĴ𣿡
̲סʵǺܿ죬ȴоԼǺǰ׳գҶ졢Ʒţħֳ׵ﶼţĳƺҲˡ
ǵģʵڵģĴ˵ҲˣңⰲƺǵڻһӰ
˵ʱƷԵĲϾˣҶҲȥѯʣʾԷ˵ȥ
ʽʦַҲһʽ˵˵ıӦһλʦĴڡ
Ҷĵ˵ͷ
СĻζˣȻѾǻĹɪĳ̶ȡ
ҶȻԼһǿҰ֮ˣȴŻĹѪ˶СʹޣȻҲ޷ڸǵġ

һŵЦȻĴ˳
ʲôˣ
ɫһŭһĽ
ϳ˷ŭɫǲǰıʱ˴ˣǵҶ棬ɫȻΪѿ
һСȻҲͼΪǰİ̵Ĺڵϣȵҽ֮ˡ
ӵˡ
Ǿͷߣ
һɫһ䣬˵
ͷߣȻû뵽һҲүˡ
ɫһȻĳ֣û֮С
ͷǲǰеһ¼һΪĺû飬ΪԲбұǿ˵˰еļ֮⣬ûпƷ
˵ʱ򣬾ǸɫҲ൱ѿȻҲûнͷ߸ѹ
ž
ŽŲֹͣ
ʱĳڣһӰѾͣ
ʱոգǶԷĳ֣ȴΧϢʼȻĸıһ֮˳Ϣ֮з·ǻŵһֻҪϸϸĺһ¶ԸоԼļⶼڳ鴤ͷƤڷ顣
ͷߣ
ĺ
ͷߣʲô˼ѵ˵㻹Ҫǰ಻ɣ
һվĺǳ
࣬ǿ׳Ҳһ֮

ͷ߳ˣߵԼķΧ֮е˲䣬һ߳ȥȻصķɳȥ׵ľ롣
ӵشԼһʮĳ̶ȣһŵȴֱӵ߷ɣ˵;˵ֶΣȷʵһˡ
УʺĶԿǰܹŲǰֻү֮⣬˭ҲΪԼƿ˲ǰ𣿰׳գֻүмںһʶˣڣȴùˣȻͼҪүշү군ˣڹڵϣҷŹǣҲе˵ǻִԲĻǿɲҪˡ
ͷߵ建̤㵽˴֮С
ʱ֮øӲп
·һƬƿʼڱ˹һеһȫڸȥ
һײеļһ
Ҷ쿴һаԵĸ̾
沿ëаݣ´ϴ³ܶ࣬˫۰ȥݳֺڻɫ˫ĿСȴ·Ƕһ㣬һ۶оԼ֮ӡ
ԷԴ棬Ű˸͹ԵЩȥǶģȥӵ׶˰ٱ
ҶǲʣҲ֪ǶԷ֮Ϊͷߵԭˡ
ıһվˣΪ֮һϵĳۣⳤȴǻĹŴĳۣСеһֳۡ
һΣȥǾ
˵ݿκȴһ̬Ȼºͣȴ׽ˣڿ֮˵ʱ֮Ҳ¶˿˿Ĳм֮ɫ
û£ǲˡ
һ۸ͷߵЦ˵
ûеȵӦͷȴٴεĿһҶ죺
νҶٰɣֻһոնʮͷСѣȻҲǻζ˰
Ҷ첻ÿɷĿŶԷЦ˵
Ҳǻζ˰ɣǾ˭ˣǺ˵ġ
һҶ첻ϲ
ƷǵȼһֻŰѩѣڵƺǶΧһУȫĲں
ֻһ˫Ŀȴʱ˸˿˿⣬ڿǾͷ֮߱ʱЦֹ
ݣӵڻʱôĻ֪ʲôطأڻںӽа壬ҿôɣ
Ҷ٣ҪҪҳ֣
ƷƨƨߵĶҶ죬ֺõʵ
ˣѾҪˡ
Ҷ쵭˵
ڹ˵ʲô
ͷȻĳƷУһ̵ת


1795 ү
ϽĽɣǻ顣
һˣ͵Ŀ˵ȫӵҶһˣˡ
ǡˣھͷ
ͷȻĳƷȥ
еĶ̵ɿתγһƬ⣺
ȴڹʼɡ

嶯ˣܿ죬ٵЩˣٶȲҪ˵ǳˣҶЩǿߣҲûٶȵġ

һӰ͵Ĳ뵽˾ͷߺƷߡ
žͷ߾һţһŰ
ôģǲţүүϰţүүСܣʲôʸʺ򡣡
ţħǰԵһĨͲм
ۡ
һѪ˳һѪ֮Уһ⣬ͷߵɫ䣬嵹˵ϣڵγһƬѪĻۡ

ţħЦ˵һֻջƺǶԼղ飬ȫû⣬ţħ⣬ȴòȥⰡ
ͷߺٸϲԷǾһεĲϲȴҲûа취ȥӦͷΪ˽ƻҼǳ𣬴ţаɵϴȴû뵽ֻǰµʱ䣬ϴһСȫ˸Űɱˣϴ󣬶˷ʬ֮ӵ˺
Ȼû˵ǾͷģȦеȴеĹ̵ġ
ȿȿȡˣңҰ
ͷߴĿţ֮Կ£Ϊܣĺ˵죬ҲֻһѰˣһͨ˶ѡ
˵һεĵɪţħǰȴҲ㲻ʲôġ
˵ûȷʵһǲ֪үΪʲôѡΪ¡
Ϊ֮ˣ˵˵ΪĽӲԵǵ˵䣬Ϣ
㡭
ͷ߻û˵꣬ѾӶ˳ۣ˲һȻ˴֮С
һʮ׳ľ޴ߣţһڽͷ߸ȥ
Ҫ
žͷĲҽǴȴû˿ĳٻٵĽԷȥ˰塣
ҰȾҡ
ͷ߿ʼˣʼˡ
ЦſŶԷû˿ķӦǾԲȥ¾ͷߵģֻΪԷɺޣΪһѾνĵˡ
ꡭ
ĽԷȥ֮ˣٴεĿһҶ졢ţħԼ߰˵
ҵݣҲӦò²⵽ˣǴĸ߹֮ˣһλޱȵʦҵǿ󵽵ģڸһѡҪô;ͷһĽҪôѡЧǴ壡
壿ʲôJB尡
ţħƲƲͣǳʵʵ
ȷʵСڣȻˣϤҲֻСAVĻѡ
ҿŪһΪ˵˵޼ɵˣȴ֪εȡᣬεȥԼֻ⣬ȻǷĹҰ
Ʒĸ˽ˡ
Ҷ˵
Ⱥˣܲˬ˵ҪЩһϽ
İҶ٣ҵϡ
˸¡Ⱥ֪֧ˣ
ĺ͵һʱһֻѸٵĳ֣ǻƣǹĶͷٶȶʱ˿ʼɫ
˵Ҫй⣡
һ׹Ʒ֮ͷ˳
â̲޾Ϣһɫʮӡǡ
ٸԵģʦٸԾˮˮ㾹ȻѡǣҪȥƣ
ӷ·Ǳȵβ͵Ұèһ㣬ĽеҲ˵ı飬ѸٵĴͳһŵֽţջ
Ǳ˹⣡
Ʒٴεĺ
͡
һԽ׵ʼչɫ̤֮УչȻɢ޾ҫâ֮һֻֻߣȻ׵ľһת˲ʧˡ
ѹͽ䣡ɣЩˣ
˫ѸٵչƷȻİϣﵭĺȵ

ǰɫʮֽۣޱǵ֮һе˲ʧˡ
Сһ
Ʒ΢΢İ˵
һŪŪΪԭ򣬻ΪʵΪʵǿ󣬾޷ѹ˵ġ
ߡ
Ҷ͵ת漴кǸʰһУѡƮȻ뿪ˡ
Ҷ١
̲סĽһһ˵ʬ壬Щ𣬱ϾεĺȴҲֻǱһЩѣǰһȴѾ˳ܹеˡ
û£ȫˣʰһ֮󣬴ȥүĵ̣ܻЩȥã
ǡ
˵
ʦǵһλҶٵʲô˰
һǰ̲סʵ
ܺУֻҪ֪Ҷٲǿǵľͺˣ飬ǿȥ˽ġ
˵
ǣǣ
Ľе
ʱڼʶҶغǿ֮󣬾ǰһ˿뷨ȴҲˣղŷ飬ͷ·һ㡣
ңҶҲ˵ˣֻҪǱֵĺãҲԳΪһĴڡ
ٴε׳һը
˵˫Ŀ֮УһĻȡ
ү˾ԵĲ򵥣ȻںʦǴʦ쵼λҲ˵үҲǵ֮ˣ
Ҷ˫ĿطâѸٵǰС
Ĺ֮ˣҲ㲻ų⣬⵺ȴһˣЩ˾һȺһȺ޶ѣǵͿʼ̬ˣԶһȺˣҶȻʲôøС
͡
Ҷٶȼӿ죬Ʒţħһ·ķ۵糸
䡱
ǰһӵʱ֮Ѿһ֮⡣
Ԫۣ֮
Ҷ컺شԼļԪۣ֮ܿ죬Χһпʼȫ˳
ǹ찡
ڼԪ֮۵ǰΧ޲ĳ˳һĺɫھۼЩɫһɫĶߣߣ˸ǵĴڣֻҪԽһᱻ˲ҧ顣
ӵ󷨣ˣ
ƷһŰѩѣЦ˵
֮ȭ
ȭͷӶûıһҫʥĹâȴѸٵľۼһγʥʹ̬ʥʹӰƷĶһ£Ѹٵȭֻ֣ת˲ʱѣһĹâʼ¶
䡱
еϢѸٵһɫʥȭӰ˳ռ𶯡
˻˻˻
ǺɫħӰӣƺǲһȭ˼Ľ
һ֮УҫȴѾѸٵĽΧһг׵ֺ͸ȥ
˸¡ʲô˵
һŭ漴ʮӰѸٵĳ֡


1796 
͡
ʮӰϴŵǹϵĽ£ɫĽ£ɫͷ׽ԴסУ۾¶֮⣬ĵطʵʵġ
󱳸ųƾյƯ棬һ𺳵ĳ
𣿡
Ʒʹڵĳѩѣһ˫Ŀȴޱȵĳһ˹ȥʮӰУΪһ
ȻסʵʵȴĻ͹Եĸ޳˫ȣĺܽƷʮ㾭˵ʵһջ󣬳ǿջ󰡡
ŮһһŮôõŮȻѵΪߣǱﰡ
һΪ˭أû뵽Ǹˡ
ҶţħûлشһȴѾӱ֮д˳
žžž
ľֻһ̤ľ죬ϴŹϵĳۣϹһ߻˳
˴ϸͣһ˫Ŀ˫հݵӣȴһթ֮˵ʵдա
һȻȥ˵Цϵļȴ·Ǹһ㣬ȫû˿ĶӣҲҶ뵽˶Էݣ
ү
ﻺ˵
ҶѾг˶Էݡ
Ǹӣû뵽һ۾ƿҵݣĹ۲ȷʵǲ򵥣ĳҲǿһ룬ı󣬵һɶôֲȻܹҺҽа壬ٸԵˣǴһ紾ӵ壬ȰƽȰĲƣٸԣǺ֮ƺû˿ìܰɣΪʲôҪǵ鷳
ү˵
һ˫Ŀ·Ƕһ㣬䵽˼£һ۵Ŀȥ·Ҫ궼һ㡣
˵Ʒү𣿡
ƷǿĴŮߵϣĽ۾ƿѩЦ˵
˸£
үŭĿҶһˣ˵
ߣٸԵˣǴҲǣʦͨʦߡʿⶼѷɫǣҪսҲ˿ĺµģ
ϻ࣡
ҶЦ˵
䡱
ǰ

ԸȺͼĴڣҶ첻Ҫ̫ǿľѧһлʱγһ׻ӡǡ

ɱ
үɫ΢ȵ
˫ǿٵĽӡ
ȸߡٹҹӡ

ĺӰ񱩵γɣҶٵĳٶȷɿ죬ĹӰſԼͣȳϢ
飡
Ҷһȭһֻ
顱
񱩵Ѹٵƿһе谭˲ΧγһƬ
ŮܰԹԵƷүߡ
Ʒ˸ҫϢŽ覵Ĺâ޵׷ȥһȴһʮĻ쵰Ȼ˵ɣеȴڲϵĻۡ

ţħǿٵĳȣÿһԼ˫ȣ·ǿһѸٵĽһ߷ɣֱӵɱ¾
һµսȴһ浹ս
Ȼռ˺ܴƣȴû˿ƣ෴ǣȫûпԶԿĿܡ
ȸӡ
үɫʱɵᣬȴʼò
䡭ȥõȸӡȸΪޣʩչҲ֮Ϊȸӡ
Ҷһȭ˶Է壬үȼٵĴɢ顣
֧ڵģ
ɳȥүĺ

ϵĳȻĳ֡
Ȼ֮䣬һʼѸٵĳ֡
һ⼣߰ߵĳȥû˿ķпԣҪ˵նˣв˶ӷѾ
ǾҶҪ˲䣬ȴ͵ĳһֲϢϢ·Ǿһ䣬ޱߵԹѸٵĳ𵴣˵עӡ

һֻŰֻԴĴӰӡ
񱩣Űҳɱ¾ѪȵϢ
𡭡
Ľⳤϴ˳
ǣ
Ҷһ
Ԫ֮۴򿪣Ҷ쾹ȻֻԴĴϿԩꡣ
Щԩ꣬޾ʹࡢԹͳޡ
ĹˣȫǻĹˣ
ҶȭͷĽأ֮УѾ˿˿
ĹֹһκڰʷһʷĻ֮˶ܹҲ޷ȴģСַĹֹҾ徵顣
СӣȻ֪ΪʲôǿȴҪˣ԰񵶣еԹ죬޷ֿ
򣡡
Ҷ˫Ŀ𣬷ɺĹâ
ǰ԰ΪƷ񵶣ЩѪ໥ںһԶ޷ٴεֻأֻܹΪʹԨ֮а
ʱү˿ûз֣ΧϢѾȻ
ڵޱȵੲݵ˵ţ̬·ҫԼķṦΰһ㣬Ҷ֮УȴøӵĿɲ
Сʱʧˡ
ҶЦ˵
磬棬ر仯˳
һ޴Ĺչֳ
һɢʥϢҫϢĹȣԵƥһѹһС
ʲôһĵǱ̻ǸëʩչҪֲ˵
ƷһƵĽŮ飬˶ԷŻ֮ڵ̧ͷ׳۵һĻ˵
һ޴ĹȣʷʫʼתʥķĿʼơ
ʥӤУƿһУ£·ʥַ֮֮

Ҷһ֣ѸٵĽȵ
һʱ䣬ж˲ϿյӰ
һ޴ĹȣӰӣӰӣһĴڣڸ̣ڻõĴЦ
һʱ䣬֮˵Ϊ˴˵
Ҫҵ
үĽеͼԼеĴ
ⲻôڣ֮ǰǿȥһо
ҶָһʱǰͷѸٵıƵԩȴǵصĳүȥ
ǰԩ꣬ϴﵽһĵز̼ı㽫ү׵İΧС
ѪɣÿһεѪǿеİռѪ˺ѣҲԩռ

ʹ࣡
һжүڵ顣
·ھһ㣬Ϊʹ顣
ԩǵı

ҶָٴεһЩĵԩ곹׵УضȻ뵽ԼĹ֮С


1797 ˣ
ˡ
һʥٵ뵽Ҷü֮УƴƥƺԼʶȴǿĺܡ
ʲô
Ҷ΢ٵҵԴͷЩȻǴЩԩ֮ɢġ
Щԩ꣬Ѿ׵ĴǰܵĥĹڵǣеֻǱϵĻãֻȥŷԼڵǾʥӤ
ļӳ֣ʱʥӤĳһصĹâ
ЩâʥӤҲ𽥵ķָҶһ֡
֮֮
ƷӶҪɳ
Ȼޱȵ⡣
֮
Ҷ΢΢һǾҪ˵ʱͻȻ֮䣬ռһѸٵĳ߳˹

Ʒɫ΢΢һ䡣
漴ٵĳһ˳ȥ
ȥģ
ţħ׷ȥ
һƷǺܶθڵģղŵЩ֮У֯ĲѾԴķ֮ĲڵƷȥӦġ
ȥ
ҶҲ׷˹ȥ
ղΧƹֻԵɢನѣȴҲ㹻ļˣȫı»еġ
ҶţħߵޱǿٶҲǿٵľˣ˲ıоƷĴڣĳ׷
һĽ֮С
ҶҲϵãеһĽˣܴ󣬶ҿ£൱ʺסΪ̫ȴֻ̣˵ҲȻ˿һȴûΪ̫ˣҪĻƱػҪʽһΰḶ́žԵİգǲѡġ
໡
һǺݳ
ĺڰĲѸٵĿʼչֳ
໡
ƺķӦһһǺĳ֣ʱΧѾʮǺ
žžž
ЩǺӰԭӣǺܿģǵȴʼ͵޾޴ĳ̶ȣԭ׵壬ڶĴﵽµĳ̶ȣȥһľһ㣬ϳëëԴҲǺޱȵơ
Ŀ࣬ٶҲѸٵıÿֲ
𣿡
ҶһѰסҪǰȥƷ򣬵˵
˵Ҫй⣡
һݳʴȣȴޱȣ޾ɱ֮ر˳
˵֮ˣһ̵ĳۣһ״ҫϢۣʹ
ģֻһ۵̣ΪʲôȴһۣƷүûεۣ쵰ѵǽ̻ʵ˽𣿡
Ʒĺ˫Ŀȴɱ䡣
ˣʥ࣬ǹںڰ飬ǵ˵
һһٵ˵
໡
ӭһǺ
Ҳ漴Ŀʼ񱩵ĳ
ϣ
̵һʮλʿս׵İγеĳ
ϵİɫâͨףЧȴͬСɣѸٵɢӿͬһһľۼС
ʥʿôʥʿģ̶̵ʮʱѣʥʿôôķģ
˺ʮ߸ʿɢĲƷӶĵɳ
Ҷ٣ҪȥҪɱȥ
ҶƲƲͣ
Щˣ㹻ӦЩ˵ģȥҲʲôıģԲҪЩʿǡ
Ʒ˫ĿɵùԲ
ĸ˵ҪȥɱЩˣҪȥȥɱЩɺ޵ٸ̺ʥʿ
˵ʱƷѾڿ죬·ʲôһ
͡
һ׹˸̵ıγһ޴ʮֽ
ͽ䣬ĶͰɣ
໡
Ǿ޴˱ʮֽѹһ̣һλʥʿֱӵʩչеĳٵĶ塣
ɣڰǣ
һ޴ʮּȻ׳ǿʼΧ˹ȥ
Ҫң뿪Ͻܣ
̴ˣĺ
һӲ˵ģЩϣǺڰӶĶͣҪȫ
͡
޴ʮּܿٵ˰죬Щ˳׵̵һʩչңʥʿĳǷޱȣÿһλӶԴһƬѪꡣ
ð
һŭͻȻĺһʥĹâҲһٵĳ֡
Ʒڵĳˡ
˭
̵ɫ΢䣬ļλʥʿҲ΢΢ıЩѿȻû뵽Ȼʱٴγ֡
ү
Ʒɫٶȿľˣ˫ֽӡһ޴ʮֽѸٵγɣ
ʮն
⼸˶Ҫǿ󣬴ʱŭ֮£ʩչӵĿֲ˫ֵĽӡһĵӣ¡һ޴Ӱ޴ӰʼһʥʹӰͬһ㣬˫Ҳƿһʥ⡣
䡱
ڵʱʮֽٵĳ˳ȥǵصӡ
ž޴ı̵֣Ĵɡɢ
ǹٸԵˣǱҫΧ֮ˣȻҳ֣ҫˣ
ɱ
ʮλʥʿĺ
衭
ţħһ޺𣬶ʱ˺˲񷣬ҲѸٵĳ˳
ʥʿܵһŭ֮󣬶ʱĲһҫĹâϵĲȻǱ޴ˡ
֮У
ᣬƷҲѸٳ֣ƻһ㣬һɵ񽣻Ӷ·ʥһһ޴ĺۼ
޴ʥŰ׵ĳȣ̼ı㽫˺ѳ˾޴Ѻۡ
ˣƷү𣿵үڳΪ´̵ʱ㻹֪ʲôطء
Ʒ֮ҫˣ㾹Ȼţ
ȻƷֺǿֲ
Ʒ֣ͬһ㣬ʼ̵пʼ
㻹֪ү֡
ƷЦӶƣ̲ҫϢ񽣣˲̵һš

һͷ­˲ն顣
ҫ
ʮλʥʿĹڵϡ
ãǶͣǵʥ
Ʒĺȵ
̡
ɫĹâһİ̬߰ٵĴӳֻƬ̵ʱѣǵѾȻı仯
ףȴԭӵĹϣԼģʮ˵ʱȴһ˿˿ʥ֮ԭ̬ӵǿ
ʥγ˹ʮ˵塭
ʥǾȻʮʥ
ƷӶҪɳ
ɱ
ʮˣᣬϵɱҪ񷣬İ׹⣬ʥޱȣȴ޾ɱ¾
Ȼǿֲ֮УʩģһȺʥʵʥʿʱҲ̲סЩ׽ˡ
飡
һֻŴݺݵ̤صĲһţ޾Ĺâ·Ǵ֮չľ춯ء


1798 ͺڰ
䣡
޴ݵ˷ԲʮķΧر涼һĵƤһŵʵ̫ǿˣƷǾ㵵Уʮλ㹻ƵǸֵʥʿѾĲ飬ҷžѪɽ
ΣƷӶҪɳˡ
һʵ̫ˡ
⡭ҲУ
ƷǶ²ϵ˵
һŰֻһŰ
Ʒ·ǿһĿţħ·ȫû뵽ǰţħȻ˵ı뺷Ժ֮Ҳٵĳʥļء
νʥԭֻһЩͨǿһӣһֻӣҲһ
ٸԵĿʿǺܶ࣬ЩʿǶһЩµʥʿȺˣֲĸطޣЩ˵ǿޱȣſֲٸ֮УӰ춼ǿɲġ
ЩˣǴһ·װ󣬵Σ֮Уĳ
Щϲģ֮ҲԼϵġ
µţЩ֮Ĳǿʼ仯ֱ仯Ǳϵĸıġ
ţٸ֮Уһʥ֮Ϊʥݹϵļأʥϵ˼ʹõһҲˣϵ۵ҫ
е޷
ЩʥʿŵʥǿǹϵĿʿһδεս֮ġ
̲˶ôֲƷҲ޷֪ΪĵλҪӴʥҲñݽ̻ʵͲſԵġ
ʥǾٸԵ֮һ˳˽̻֮⣬κεˣ˽Եȥʥġ
һžͲˣôĻʥ𣿡
һɢѾһƬѪģʬһƬƬѵĺۼ
Щѵʥʿϵʥ
ǡʲô˰
Ҷ죬ƷҪˡ
ȫûм˱̬һʵ̫̬ˣƷţǰҶ죬㲻Ҷ죬ţħԽ̻ʸ趼ʶ
ʥ𣿡
Ҷ֣һƬѵʥŵУϸϸĹ۲š
ЩȷʵֻѰף׵棬ȴһĺۼһ˿˿ĲЩܿ£Ҷ캱ܹ˿µĲȻҲ϶Եġ
͡
ָϸϸĦһƬʱһâѾ֣ͼ̴Ҷָ
ѾѳΪˣȴû뵽Ȼ˵
Ҷ૵˵
ϸϸζƬ֮еĲⲨƺһصĴڣǺҶϵıһǵҶٴͼȥѰٵʱЩʥȴȻĻ촷ۣɢ֮С

ҶĿеĻҽ
ǿʿ˼ʮϰ֮γɵ֮Ҳ֮ƻˣȻʧġ
Ʒæ˵

Ҷͷ˽⵽ˡ
Ʒ򡭡
һݳǿһֹϵϢ
ҶͨԻǺȫģ˿ɵ֪Щһ˵ʲô
˵֮ˣһĿӣʱӱ˷סǰһ޴˿ѪЩǸղű׷ɱˣʱڣΪղűٸԵ׷ɱѱɵġ
˹
Ʒıһ䣬Щ࣬ǸȴƺǴһ˿˿Ŀɬͻںޡ
Ʒ㾹Ȼû
Ϊ˹˵
ɷһţһֵɱ⣬Ҷҿ϶ԼĻһ϶ֵġ
ǰһûһš
ƷǿĵȼһֻѩѣƺǺǵȻǶµȴĵ׵ĳˡ
ΪʲôҪţΪʲôȥ쵰
˹˲ĿʼһץסƷ·
ҶһҪȥţħĳƷͶԷ֮ԵһĹ
ѵ˵һ
ţħ޶
ѾĻҶûסѾһ߷ɡ
㣬ޱޱҲͺڰĶΪʲôҪʶޱޱΪʲôҪӶֻһӣĶûʲôأ㲻ûб˺쵰ų򣡡
˹ĺ
ųų򡭡
Ʒ૵
ųΪˣôоޱޱϵĺڰϢȴһζĽӽǲŹģ
˹ĺ˫Ŀ֮Уٴε͹˳
Ĺâֲޱȡ
ǰų۵ļޱޱҵ棬ˣûػΪʲôΪʲôȴûиоϵĺڰϢ˵Ҹоˣֻȴû𣿡
ƷʹıסԼԴ
Ϊʲô
ŭ˳޷ڸǵʹ࣬ԭֵĿ˹ڵĻֹͣץצ
ʬ壬ѾҪȥĻң
˵䣬˹ڲ£Ҷţħһм񣬻뿪
Ʒ򲻶ϵץ񣬲ϵԴݺݵײŵ棬Ѫʣȴ·ûиоһ㣬ֱû֮󣬲Ĺ
ҶţħûûεվڲԶ̣Ҷ첢ǲܣû취ȥܣ飬ֻԼȥõġ
˲֣޼¡
ޱޱһŮᡢƯ·Ƕһжֵ൱棬ҵŮˣҴӵһμϲҵԸоϵĺڰϢɱ¾̫ĺڰˣҵҲմ̫ĺڰѪȴûȥ⣬˵ҿĲȥ⡣
Ʒ򻺻ؿ˵
ƺ뵽ĳֻ֮УٴεĿ˵
֪ҵݣ֪ˣҲģΪ̫ˣһ𣬶ȹ˰ʱ⣬ʱ֮Уǰǽģǰ˱˴˵ݲϵѰֳ延ãôͻȻȴ㲻ɸʱʧ
˵ʱƷɿʼԽͳ
ҵǣǹˣϵ۵ˣӦþͳڹ֮Уˣû£ҲǺڰڲȥ£Ժǻģԣ
Ҷε̾ϢһҡҡͷƷҰѪĶԷò˵Ʒʵ̫ˡ
һΣɳʮλ̣ǻ˵Ĺʿܣ׷ɱ̫ǿˣܵٿ죬ȴûжǣޱޱӱɱˣҵ棬ɱˡ̻ʣë
Ʒ˫ĿȻһһâ


1799 
ǳ޵âȻƷǸʱʼѾٸԿʼ˳֮ġ
̫ˡ
ţħεĸ̾˭ԸоĳѾǶôװװǶôĳ׺͹Ѫ
ƷݺݵؿţħڵĳĹŰѩѣԵĻһὫţħ߷ɵģȻˣҲֻܹȥһˣΪڵû°
ҺǺ棬ֻͨͿӵǿЩνôֵģ
Ʒરવĳ˼ѩ֮󣬲Ż˵
ڰҲ൱ģŷڰҲΨһһԺϵۿ
ǵĻߣƿأںڰе۷ڣκεĺڰﶼŷǴϻȡϵۺ϶໥ĲԸԣЩڰ͹â˵ĵùˣҲ֪ǴʲôʱʼģӪ໥սڰţѪݳȥģΪµĺڰѪʼ
Ѫ壿
Ҷ΢΢һоԼƺǶ˽Ļ˺ܶ࣬ǳԼ١
ǵģѪ壬Ѫʼ棬ǵһѪ壬һĻߣźϵͿϵ۴ǵޣǵƷԼĺǵĺ֮һǲҲǵĺˣΪǲɱȴû뵽ϵ۷ˣӶʹΪѪ壬ΪһѪѪ
˵ʱƷȴЦ˵
ʷϵļȴڳһеĺڰѣȴ֮ӣޱ֮󣬵˸Ϊϵ۴ˣǵõѡ񣬿컯Ū˵ȴħˣһеһУֻλǵϷѣϵëǶҲˣ
ҶΪȻĵ˵ͷ
λߣŪλ߸Уλ߱ɣبŲĵô죿
һҶ컹ǺкøеģٶԷһܹΪǿǺ̵ݰΪһŮˣںԼӪԿƾһ㣬ѾӮҶĺøС
û㣬ǽ̻ʣүһҪڵģ
˵ŷǸʲôĻǲǻ˼أ
ţħ޶˵
ǴһȴӮƷŷļһʱһļϣʼץס̻֮󣬸еļƻ
ʱ䣬ͷ·ˮһ㣬ҶѰ˴УȴûҵԼĸ˵ϢƺԼĸĸС
ʲôҶҶ٣ڿЦɣ
һ㵵Ľе̬Ҷͷ·ǿϵԼǰ͵Ů˫һ
ûУȷʵġ
Ҷ쵭˵
ǲǰڵ룬ʲô鶼Ҳ㹻ʹˣҪһ⡭ʵе̫ҵԤˡ
Цѵ˵
Ҷſڴ㿪һֱ׺䶥׵⽹ۡ
ʵϣ⣬Ҳ˺ܾˣϾʵǺģ£ƺҲãҵˣǲУȴҲвԶģ˵Ҵ㿪һٽӴҲһЩġ
Ҷ١ģ
ٴεȷһΡ
һطɡ
Ҷ쵭˵
طǺңҶһԷĵġ
Ĳжǲǰƿأշ֮ټҶ֧֣ǰڵνǴȻʱ̣ܶڵĸȴҲѾҶĶѾһλǿˣٱνҪǿʮǲġ
ԱȱԪʱҶĵҩ൱õġ
ȥ׼ɣҲӣԼúõĹһ°е飬ʲôĻʱĸҴ绰ΪҪȴѰҵҪѰҵˣһҪסҵˣҲҪȥǣһҪұ棡
ҶûԼ˫׵̫ϢеֻԼԺǽеһļ䣬ƾЩ䣬Ҷͼȥ
̫ˣҶ컭Ҳʮ˾ģڶȥ˶ʮˣҪٴεȥѰңǺѵġ
ҶҲΡ
Ǯð£˵ҶܿıõԼҪ
ҶûҽʣҲûκεֶΣ̸ϱˣƾŲǰֶΣҪѰһҽʸ֤൱׵ġ
Ҷ١ˡ
Ҷ죬ĵһضΣϵ൱Ĳ
λҲܺãΧһжǷҾ벻ԶһУΪ¸У¸ȫõһУΧвõĽ̵ꡢ¥һ١
ĳ黹൱ĵġ
һΧĻҶĵ˵ͷ
Ҷ٣ȱһҲ֪ģǰ֮УȻȱˣ⻤ʿȴûеġ
Ҷĵ˵ͷ
޷ȥæɣԼ
Ҷ˻˵
⵹Ҷĵ͵Χʵ̫ˣҶһˣվһȺźɫװӣôо
õģҶæ
ҲȻţĴ˿ٵ뿪
һСĵ̣װ϶ףҪ߶Ѿȫ׼ˡ
ҶĿһ֮󣬱ĵ˵ͷ
Լдһջʿʾ⡭


1800 
ĻȷʵҶҪĿɲʵȻؿӵ׬Ǯϵ⣬֮ȥкܴһԭΪܹѰҵԼ˫ףȻ˵ּʺСҶȴҪһ
ΣҶ컹ԼĴ㡭
һҲûУҪȥĻҲһˡ
ţħЦ˵֮дһ˿˿ĳȻ⳰ĶȴҶ죬Щ˰ˡ
ҶֶΣϣ»Ǻʲô֢޷ģ˵ƵĻһ¡
ǰĳ̶ȣҪôŬġ
ƷҵԼҪĴ飬ڵĳţϴ˿˿֮ɫ̬൱ܡ
һȥͲʲôˣ˴ڿ֮Ҳᱻŵ˲뿪ġ

Ҷ쵭˵
ʱǵĿԼе
һ൱ϵ
Ŀӡ֡ׯӣ
ׯӡǹʱڵһλʥµϢвĵɭźܶ˷˼Ķ
Щأ˿Ļû˿оģǶҶ˵ȴźܴã٣ڵԸоһ鼮֮УĶвԼҪȥġ
ׯӣǹʱڵȻʷعһλϵĴʦȴûκεһ˿ϢҪû˿ļ˵֮ȴпĺܶ೬˵Ķ
Ҷ찵Ե˼š
ǡׯӡΪһƪңΡ
ֻڤߣΪ΢Ϲдߣ԰ǧΪ԰ǧΪ
˵Ĳˣ֮УΪ֮飬ڹ͵Ŀ²ֲǡǡˣ˵εܹﵽ̶ȣǼ£٣Ѿ漣ǧꡭֻǸ˵ׯʲôˣ֪ģֻǴ˵𣿹ϵĻĴأµĴʧ𣿡
Ҷвϵ˼š
ڤ㣬Ϊ֮󣬲֪伸ǧҲҡ߾
һݣҶԽԽĸоеƺ𽥿ʼ翪ʼں
ҵı󣬿ռ֮ڣȴҲûжԷ˵ֲѵ˵ǸʱŹϵ𣿲ǲܵģϵһص׵ɱ˻֮УΪǿĴУһɱԵĲٴεĴȥˣµĶҲֻǲȱȫģҲ˵ׯصҲһִ˵ˡ
Ҷ˼ǧ˰죬ȴûһȻҶȴ֪ϵĻصܣǵҪԼȥ̽Լ޷̽ȵԼѰ˫׵·;ûĻԼ͵ȥһˣ
ƷҪȥһ£ٸԡϵĻ˵֮СǼŹ֮أԼҪȥ߿һ£˵ԼԴҵԼҪĶ
С𣿡
һͻȻ˳
ǽᣬ·һСݣһ京ŵĻһ㣬֮Уһ˿⣬˲֮󣬱̲סĲ˿˿ı
ֻһλȥ껪ŮĽ뵽֮УŮģȥԴۣոǽĺܣȻᣬһĽǲѩɫļһԴźСôôˡ
Բĳ￴ţĴ󲿷עǷҶϣϾ֮УȥƺֻҶһЩ
Դ̱ǵĴζŮ΢΢üͷڿƷţħһļɷ̬ȻѾҪ뿪뷨ƺ뵽⣬ˣεվţƺǻ˼ʲô
áʲôҪ𣿡
ҶķԼеʵ
ӿȥȻ㲻ǿȴų޷ӵеʣڻ֮Уȡ־֮ڵҶϣӵŹϴ嶼һһֿŷʡ
ڿҶЦ֮ŮƺǷ˲٣΢΢һ죬˵
ҡӦƸֵġ
֣
Ҷһ㶣漴ĺ濴Ů
⵹Ҷ쿴˶ԷǺԷԭ򣬱ϾŮȥҲֻʮ߰ģƺҲϴѧɣǴ󲿷ֵʮ߰ʱҲǵڸжȹģһˣȴ˵ԼӦƸģҶ첻ò档
ǡǵġ
ƺǲҶڿԼŮٴεһ죬Ҳ֪СѾͷôɬǺ˵棬Ѿƻһ̬СԴһ㣬Լظ棬һԱȫķظһʱԵøӵͻ˺ܶࡣ
ҡҵġҵȻ󣬵ȴһҽѧң˵ҽѧϵ⣬ǿԽġһץҩ룬󲿷ֵҽѧʶҶ˽⣬Ҳû̫⡣
ŮƺǹٴεĿ˵
Ҷüͷ΢΢һ
ð˵һ¡ͷɣ
Ҷ쵭˵
ԷȻܿɰҶȴûµĴȥһСΪˣһҲʮˣȻڻǶʮ꣬ǶСû̫£ˣɲһˡ
õģ
ƺ˵Լ֮ŮҲûͣ٣˵Ҳ̫ߣûнͣɿĿʼ
ٶӣҪȫ˵Ҫٵʱ䣬ȵ˵ʮ֮ҶҲѡ˼ʡ
ԷȻҲԶԴ
ȷʵʵ
Ҷﵭ˵
Ǿ˵
Ůϲ˵
Ҷĵ˵ͷ
ԣﵣ֡
ллл㣡
Ůϲޱȵĸм
ǶҶ϶ļһ棬ҶȷʵҲֵģΪźģƸ棬ÿܣֿϢһʱ䣬֮УԾסȽǺܴģҲкܶеģ֮Уסǲ˵ģб⹤ʣÿ°ǧԪĹʣУҲеƫˣһŲٵŻݺͲ﹤ĻǾԵһµġ
Ǻͬ㿴һ£
ҶóźͬݸŮʵ
ʲô֣
ȣҽгȣ
ΪȵŮ˷ܵĿ˵
ҶĿһۣĵ˵ͷ
Ʒȥʰ·䣡Ц
ҶԸ˵
ĳǴһģȻСѾͷʼʱʹ⣬ҪѰһס޵ĵطġ
ллϰ壡
ȸмĿһҶ죬˵


1801 ߶
ͳˣ
ų뿪ıӰţħƵĿҶЦ
̬Ҫôжô
ͳˣҲҪһ֣ҴʱҲԵĻµ㶫һҲǺõģһҪصģʱѰҲҵĸĸǾµ㶫֤һȻȥ֮󣬿¾Ҳزˡ
һ仰Ҷ˵ᣬţħȴ֪һ仰塣
磬еô򵥣ǿǿ߶Ѿˣⲻһ£Ҷڵڴ̫žΪǿĿԺʹǿ߶ԿȴҲδص޵еģкܶĵڵȴ
ңڵʱôǿںҶԿʱȻΪҶѾˣ˵Ҷٴεĳ֣»ٴεһƬ˵ģʱĻΣ޷ݵĿֲ
ǰ´γ֣֪ǲǻԻš
ţħ̾ЦǺܿȴȻֹ
ֻȻһɫĻʿ֮òȻûб仯ȴø崿˺ܶࡣ
ȻͺСһĽȴޱǿ͹͹ðİ̵̡ħģʹټ۵ģôǸ˰
ŮԵһŮ
ţħĹӶ̲ס
顱
ҶûĶѾľһţ漴ĶѾЩ͵ĳȣؿ˵
ȻѾһԱˣҾͶ˵һһЩ
Ҷ쿴ĳȵĴ൱أ˵ϲɡ
ҽѧңǼҵӦǺе̵ģǳȴԵò㸻УпһĻһ׳ҲѡҶġ
ߵнˮҹ٣ɵӲŻῴû⣬ȱǮȱǮԲŻѡģһҶҲĳ
ǵģϰ壡
Ⱥĵ˵ͷ
ŶԷֱ̬ҪӢ¸̬ʱЩЦİ˰֣ȼһ̣ҶЦ˵
ûôˣһƷԿĳһĺģģʵһˣţ磬һûжٵĹϵϸ˵֮Уֻǹģ˵˹ϵңҲڵĻǣǻģĹʱǰ˸СʱӰ˵㿪ʼʮһ㣬Ǵ㿪ʼ㣬һСʱϣǻǲӴģҪֵһСʱߵ㵽˵㣬ʱ䣬Ҫһյļ¼ס޺ͻʳ棬ÿ춼һģ˵㲻ҪҲ㲹ģÿѡϢ죬м¿٣ô
ν൱źˣ֮УЩԱ֮⣬Ѿõˡ
лллϰ塣
ȼĵͷ
Ҷһ̣Ц
ûʲôԺϰ壬ҶҶˣոտҵ˵Ҳ٣㲻ҪģûпˣһҲжٱ仯ģճһվɣĺ
Ҷ콫һóЦ˵
ϡҶ磬⡭ʲô
ҶЦ˵
Ϊҵ֣ȻҪһĽˣпյĻţȥ·
ϵ·ȻأҺܸɾǿԿĳ·棬еĵطʼˣΪϴ˶֮ĺۼ
ҶҶ磬ǮҲҪģҸոյĿʼ
ȼæĽƹ
Ǻǣ޷շģŰɡ
Ҷ˵
ȷʵһСһƺǿҶԣ£ûǮȴҲ֪һٵǧˡ
ԭĳȣҲͶ·ˣҶģûиˣҶ֮⣬ţħƷôǸ˵ӣûа취Ҳģȴû뵽ĴȻôĺá
ҲǳȣĻˣᰵԵһ۵ģϾûеڱģҶڱҲ̫ˡ
СһԺǶչŵ㡣
ڳСѾͷҶ컹Ǻϲģ԰еķԸ
İɣС椣Ʒһػõġ
Ʒޱȵ˵
ѾӣҶٴεüͷôоһﲻأ
ҽҽȾҵĺӣȾҵĺӰ
һ󼱴ٵĽŲͻȻʱ˳ңٶȺܿ죬лֻһ˵ĽŲȻ˲١
ˢ
űƿһ˿ٵĳ˽
Ҷ΢΢һ
Ҳٵ˳
ֻһŮﱧһȥĺˮĳı󣬻żˣеһҲһĵǺ֮ɫ
ôˣ
Ȼ൱оģһߵİο⸾Ů漴ĿٽһŴ̰źˣֻ߶׼á
ҽҽ㣬Ⱦҵĺӡ
ǸŮڿеһ֮һüǺܿȴǳҶе
һˣôרҵģʱҲûķˣֻܹεĿҶ졣
ô£
Ҷ컺ؿ˵ĿǺһۡ
üĿ㣬ȥСΪľ£һС򣬲ʱСȴСüͷҪյһˣҲʹ֮ɫһɫɢ
ж
Ҷһ㶡
ŮԺˣȴû뵽ǲ԰бһ߸ҧˣҽ㣬һҪȾҵĺӡ
Ѿ鲼ȫҶ硭
̲סĽе
ֻһ⺢ӵӣȥҽԺҲûþˣϾеҽѧʶˣԿĳŮжȻǶ൱Ŀ£ƵĻ¸ġ
ȣҩУһӣù
Ҷ쿴һۣ˵
ҽо𣿡
Ǹݵ̲סʵ
ȻŮĸףȻǸˣһֱֵ൱ǴҶϣǿ˺ܶĶȴڱһ˿ڴҶʵ
԰ɡ
ɩӣҿȥһδҽԺɣֻһСȥҽԺıհ
һӽе
˿ȥԼʮģǺСŮżƣȻһŮ׵ĵܵܡ
ʢ죡
ɫ΢䣬æӺȵ
˵ʵֻһ㿴ܹмСΣڵϦ磬ҲȢϱˣҲȥС갡
Ҳż
ǰţǻȥҽԺɣǮ⣬ǿģǿɲǮ
ļ˲ϵȰš
еģȫûа취ҽԺҽѾ޲ˣ
Ůĸ͵Ľе漴Ҷ˵
ҽ㣬һҪȾ


1802 ҽ
ҶĿ˶ԷһۣһȷʵСŮѾΣڵϦˣȻ˵ǷشǾһҽԺҲʮ·̣Ѿ°߷ڣ³ĺܣǵҽԺСŮҲͦȥˡ
ҶȴǴӶԷõ˲ٵϢһȺˣƺǸոյĴӴҽԺ֮лΪǮԵʣûȥơ
ҽ߸ĸģȻΪ֮˾֮⣬ٶҶͷ̲סһ˿ŭ⡣
һġ
Ҷ磬ˡ
Ѿһī˹ȻҲ֪ʱǽ˵СѾͷѾܿˣ΢΢ĺ֮Уϴ˿˿ĺ֮ɫһԱظһһźӿļȣȵĴҲԵЩ򵥣һ׻ʿװȻסȴ޷Ƿڸ
ǱĻߣͷ·͸ˮһ㣬ͷһȡ

ҶҲûȥעָСĵ˼¡
ǿƼ򵥵ļ£ʵҶѾľһ˿֮ע뵽˶ԷڣȻֻһ˿ǲЧȴǿֲ
ȫĶסڶصĴ߶
Ҷȴ׵ⱳһ˿ʼ
ϾҶȥֱŪ
ӹҽ
ģΪʢԼȭͷǿţħƷĴڣĻǰȥҶһȭ
ž
ҶīӣֻаһϸС롣
Щ룬̲һ˸˿˿⣬·ˮһ㡣
һоžŰʮһϻķ棬ȥ൱ĸ߳Ҷø˰ؽŹİʮһ룬ÿһļ۸ǲƣһ룬Ҳǧˡ
оҶ֮ĴͱԭӵĿ£Ǿ˵Ҳɱ˵
ȱ֮ˣڼʶҲǳ˺ܶ࣬ʱڿ֮󣬶ʱѾҶһжϡ
ԭΪҶûжٵı£ͨһԿĳҶ첢֮
Ҫôˣ߿
Ҷߵһ˻˵
⡭
໥Ķ˼ۡ
Һɩ뿪ɣ
СŮĸ׻˵
ڣСŮѾȫҺڣȥûʲôˣʱҲȥЩˣСŮĸȻҶ챧һ˿ڴҲεѡ
ȣѵ·
ҶԸ
á
ȵ˵ͷ
͡
ȵ·ȫȥ֮ҶѸٵĳˡ
˸·Ƿһ㣬Ҷٿ쵽һ£ǳ˳˵󣬾ǳȵһʱʼùԲ޷ŵĿҶ졣
·û뵽ϾȻµٶȣܹﵽٶ
ÿ졭
󣬳ֱ̲סĽǺܿסԼͣʱȴûע⵽˵ϾڴʱеעѾҶˡ
Ҷ˫֣ʱҪ˲ӰٶϿľˣ˵۾޷γֵġ
ȿ൱ҶٶȻܿ죬ȴҲֻʹ߸ѡ
߸룡
ľžŰʮһʹãԽ࣬ЧԽĿֲôٶȣȴҲֻʹ߸ѣ⵽Ϊʲô
μĳ뵽һ𰸣ҲֻܹһȫĽͳ
žŰʮһ룬ȴֻǶ߸ѣѵ˵ôаգ
ҶĶȵѾӿһľκˡ
ģһصĹȣǧʷڹϵʱڣ֮Ѿݻʹ
һ
ǿ֮һСС룬һ˵˳׵ĸıκε˶޷ȥĿֲ
ǵڣ֮ص֮صĿƼ𽥵Ŀʼ⻪ĵĹϴдѹҽѧҲ𽥵ûˡ
ѵ˵ǰȥҴ˶ٵļһһҽ֣ȵ뷨ҶȻǲ֪ġ
ľϵ֮ȻûжٵʩչƾŶ˽ǿǻ٢ȵȴҲԲԼĶֵġ
Ҷľһ޴BUGҶ컹ǲԼ˸
ңҶ챾ҽȷʵǿҲ԰ԭ
ˡ
һ뱻Ҷ뵽СŮ֮ҶȴûٴεĶ
ҽҽôˣ
ȫİˣȴһԭѾЩĵһԷ򸾣ʱɤۡ

Ҷ쵭˵
ĵȼһ̣С塣
ҽ
ƺǻٴ˵Ҳ¶һĨŭɫϾԼŮڿδҶȴʱ̣ǶĲذ
ǻŮмʶһѵקס˶Էʾ졣
ǺǡõģͲһˣѾûʲôˡ
ҶЦ˵
ֻϰԵĳ̣ԵҲװB
Ԫ֮ۿٵ˸ҶѾСŮڲڲʱĶڿٵıһ̬ͷ·ǵһ㡣
ʵϣҶ콫һϵۼһõʱˡ
ˣ
ָ΢΢һ
Ҷһ
ʱ뷢΢ĲǳĶ·ԲϹ֮
˭ҲῴҶĵһ룬һȴѾѸٵ˳ĩ˳ż˷ıŷ˳ȥ
͡ҶɿĽСָĻһӡ
̡
ȺѸٵһ룬ǡãһȳĺѪѸٵĴһ˿Ͽʼ˳
˴ԼѪ֮ҶֹͣԼĶΪʱʵѪѾʺɫ
֮Ѿʧ˺ܾõ֮
Ҷ죬ȵСѾ˼ɫ֪ڲǴеʱ޲õҪг
ž
ҶָڶԷü֮İ˼£һ˿֮뵽СŮڡ
ѪҲˣСһﻹǸӣȻҪԪϵ̲
ҶĶʱСŮѾԼ˫Ŀ
СꡭСꡭ
Ůĸ״ĽŲ޷š
ڴҽԺʱѾӵ֪ͨ⺢ӻûˣҪȥλŶӣǮҪơ
Ѿ׵ľˣû뵽ڣԼŮٴεˡ
ллл㣬лл㣡
ӵﲻϵĶţǳ˸мѾ֪˵Щʲôˡ
Ǻǣ޷֮Ͷѡ
ҶԸųȽĶã漴˳


1803 ŵĲ
磬ɩӡСꣿŮ޷ŵɫѾѹСϲޱȵıȻı˳
ˣǵĴˣȫҶм㣡
ŮӼĳҶ
ʹãʹã
Ҷ켱æķԷЦֻҵıֶѡ˵ģҶѾֽд
ҶĶŮͻȻ뵽ʲôһɫ
һ㶣Ǻܿ뵽ʲôһ㣬ٵҶǰ
ˣеļҵˣ֪һεƷѡ
˵ģѾͳһǰǮ
ҶдһҩЦ˵һΡѵģѵģ
ڳˣɫʱı仯
ǣǸոϴߵĳҲ¶˾㵵ɫ
ҽԺ޷ƵĶ߶أȻһС֮бκˣ
ȷԼԵѾʼˡ
κ֮Ҷ쾹ȻҪǮ
ѵģⲻаôء
һ˴ʱҶѾޱȸмˣҶھȻ˵ҪǮǸӵĸмޱȡ
Ҷİ˰˵
ûµģҵһλŵĲˣ˵ҲǱģǺǣһҪǸҴء
һ˿ҶӣȻޱȵͼȻεãҶȴɺ࣬ȻĲҪǮġ
ˣǼҵĶˣлл㣬ллˡ
СŮĸʣﲻϵ˵ֻ֮д򹤵ͨˣȻûôǮĻҲѡҶг֡
Ҳεѡȴû뵽ȻκˣԭľʱѾϲ档
Ǻǣû£ǷӣúˣԺץҩ
Ҷٴεóһŷӣų˵
ȣȥץҩ
ľȻĵ˵ͷ
ãõģ
Ҷı£ڵĳѾľȻĺˣ˵ͷӶԵЩе
һǧллУҶǣ漴ĵȼһ֧̣Ʒζš
Ҷ磬㡭ղʹõƺֻ߸
һ֮ڹʵһ֮Уʱ¶˿֮ɫȻǶҶޱȸȤ
ҶĿһ۳ȣԼղŵٶȺܿ죬ǳȴԿⲢΪʲôܣΪ൱˽⡣
㿴ĺϸȷʵֻ߸룬Ϊ߸㹻ˡ
Ϊ̫׵ĻҶһ붼κöԷģЩˣҶ컹Ǵ͵ĺһЩ
ǾžŰʮһ룬ʹõ뷨ʲô
̲סٴʵҶЦĿ˳һۣĳĶҽȤĻҲôʵģԷ֮УǴŵһֿһ֪̽Ŀ
Ҫ֪𣿡
ҶЦЦӣȵ΢΢һ죬æİ˵
ֻǺ棬ԲҶ磬Ҳʵġ
Ҷ΢΢һЦ
ϵĻģǧʷˣ仯֣֮ڲϵı仯ǧʱ䣬̫ˣǧʱ֮УϵĻȴ˺֮ܶֻǣЩµĶȴڽʧˣ֪Ϊʲô𣿡
ЩҶѯʣȴҡҡͷ

Ҷ³һȦ˵
Ϊ˵̰˽䣬ʦڽ̵ӵʱ򣬶ѡһ֣ʱѡڸԼŵˣȴΪ޴Ϊһеﶼᰴ˵뷨ͼƻڽУ˵ʲôʱͻֱ仯ģҲˣ˵ܶԴȥĶȴΪ˽Եʶʧˡ
ѾԼ뵽ʲô
Ǿż뷨ҪѧĻҿԽ㣡
šžžšż뷨
ԭΪ߶͵ĻʱӵĽ·޷ţ·һ˵ƺۼһ㡣
ǾǴ˵֮УΪһ󷨣ǧ꣬ʧһż˵֮
Ǻǣô˵ĻȷʵҲһ֮
ҶЦ˵
ʵϣһ֮ȷʵѾʧˣҶ˭ľڵϣ»ᱻϵһĴڣΪһ
ͨѯʹĦż뷨ٴεĻԭ˳ҶҲһ뷨˲٣ԭӵĿ¡
ż뷨žŰʮһ룬һȫʩչȻ޷ȴҲԶˡ
ż뷨Ҷ硭ĿԽ̸𣿡
˷ܵĽе
Եġ
ƺҵ˹ͬԣҲʼ˷ǶҶĸм֮ҲԱ
ż뷨еݺ˺ܶ࣬ҲֻҶʹõĻ磬ˣûʮĿ๤Ǿûа취ġ
Ҷ쾪ϲķ֣һţһţż뷨к˾žŰʮһֱ仯ÿһֵı仯˺ܶݡ
ҶҲֻǴԵĽһʮһֱ仯ǵٴεϸĽ֮ȴ˲ˣΪ֣ȾȻѾٵյֱ仯
ְ
⻻˳ҲҪһµĿ
ҲĳȱʵϵĻ൱ʵ
Ϊ˹ͬԣܿĳҲʼҶ졢ţħԼƷƷļһϵĵϷȻ˵ڳȻǾһϷۺ죬ȴҲ˺ܴĽˣеʱܹϷ䡣
ʱˮĹȥˣתۼʱô߹ȥˣڼ䣬һ˻мһһ֮⣬Ҳû
ҪӵкܶĲˣǵҪʱĻ۰
ҶĵĿŵӰ˵
ЦĿһ飬һĵĽ飬еݺܷḻһŮܹĽȥֹ飬ʵĲ򵥣Ҳ൱Ͷ룬νǽζ
ţħƷһһŴ飬ǽһС
ˣ
һ󼱴ٵͻȻĳ֡
в𣿡
ҶĽԼ۾ӵĻƿ΢΢ҡһԴղּĵ㿪һǻ𱬵һƵ˵ĳλߵһ飬ûаҶ顣
ž
ſˣֻһ˾Ȼʱٵĳ
еһҶ쵹ʶ˱ԼµǸ߶Сĸף
ˡЩҵĹѻһЩѣ˵ҽҰȫĽˡ
˷ܵ˵
ôˣһ𣬵ʮ˰ɣ
ҶһʱһֿЦõĸоղŻڸ̾ûвˣȴû뵽ֻգ۵ʱ䣬ͳôࡣ

ֹڳεע£Ҷһ
ãڿʼɡ


1804 鷳
е顭ңԼŪİɣ
ҶЦЦĿǰꡣ
Էϵļ⵹ǲףҶȴһۿһʵϲϿôǿ׳෴ǣһڲһƬˡ
ٺ٣Ҷҽ˵ȷʵ
ԴɬЦԷȥֻжʮ߰ӣȴʮ߰еּ
ԵȵԵʣִ֮ˣԵûǮȥС㣬ȻҪйĻֻܹˡ
ҪӵĿƣҸ㿪һҩȥȥǼסһҪȻȥǿ׳ǶģΪƽմ򹤣ԳȥŻԵǿ׳٣ʵȥĻǿɾΣյĺˡ
ڶԷҶ컹ǱȽģߣʣѾˣµʮϵʮ꣬˵ģֱ֣ҲֻӣŮҲʼˣһֶԭʼϵ̽
Ҷʾ൱⡣
ϾȻޣһʱ򣬻Ҫġ
ллҶҽ
ȻҶӿȥҪС￴ˣȴ޲Ҷ൱أԴСĸףԼͬκãѾΪҶӭ˺ܴһֵĲˡ
ҶҽյǮǳ٣ܶĲڴҽԺĻ»ǧǸ࣬ǵҶȴ൱ıˡ
Ҷ첻Ϊ׬ǮģΪĿģҲںǮ
΢΢ĵȼһ̣Ҷֵݸһ
һ°ɡ
ллҶҽ
ӸмĶҶ˵
ҶϰߣΧҲû⡣
ϾôʱˣҶϰߣһ˽ģԴϴε߶֮Ժÿ˾ͲҶÿεĶ̵ϰҲϤˡ
ҽҽԺǲ̵ܹģҶȴ⣬ҽշѺ٣˰ͲõĿȥء
ȣȥⷽȥһ£Ȼҩ
ҶֵĽӽһĳ˵
õġ
ĵ˵ͷµʱӹȥˣѾ൱ϤˣǶ൱ϲڣû̫Լӿĵѧ֮ż뷨˵ζҪЦ顣
һλ
ѾûˣҶڳ˼֮󣬱㿪ڽ
һҪһЩȵ棬ŲȺˣвٵĶЩʮˡ
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ҲԽԽ˿ʼʶҶĸ߳
ž
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Ҷüͷ΢΢һ
һĶǴ³
ղţ⿴ȥһֵĶȴĽҶ̸䣬ҶҲȥ⣬漴Ŀһ۶Է
һȥʮӣһ֮ҶûȤ⵹ҶòȡˣǶԷȷʵ಻һ˵ǻãҶ̫ˣǰ֮հݣ˫Ŀͬһ˫ĿϵתĿȥ࣬ȴԴҰףԵԪ˵ļ
Ȼһһ൱ˡ
Է̬ȣһӣһԲת۾ҶѾжϳ˶ԷıʣȻĲʲôõ̬ȡ
ﲻ
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ﲻЦ֪ﲻĻҲҽֵõ𣿡
ϵıһ󷢺ᣬне
ʮ㣬彡׳ڲҲûʲô⣬ûʲô̫⣬ֻҪԼԵĿһľûжˡ
ҶüͷԸһĿڵȺ֮ˣٴεĽе
һλ
ȴû뵽ǣӵ˫ĿȻ͵󣬶Ҷ죬һֺֻݺݵҶȥ

һƵǲᣬһʱҶϵıӶˣˮʳٵֽŴʪˡ
᲻ᵱҽĻĹ
Ҷüͷ΢΢𣬾ؿŶԷ
ʲô
Χ˷ǿȥˣôʱ䣬Ҷ൱ܻӭģ۸˲˵ҽֺãһǹҲӣҶû⣬ȴű˲⡣
ʲôǿģСƨȻ˵û£ûµĻ￴ʲô
ӵ˫ĿһᣬܻĽеϱ൱һۿȥͲʲôˡ
вûԼ֪ϵĲҿˣ
Ҷ쵭˵
ô˵ʲô
͵ݺݵسҶԼȭͷ
ž
һֻȵס˶Է󣬶ȭͷҶԴҲѾһȭľˡ
ţħ˫Ŀ˿˿⣬ݺݵЦ
ҿ㲻ģҲİɣ
ƷҲɫƵĵһѩ˳ţħƷһһʲô˵ӣȻӵȥڿţħƷ֮󣬻һ˲ӺݺݵһͼԼţħг˺öΣȴû˿á
֣ҸǣõĲҪǣû
ž
Ҷٴεĵȼ˸ո̣Ц˵
Σ
Ҷ컹ǲںΪ׬ǮȻҲ£˵൱İԵ
ô簡ܺãСӣ˲ǵ˰
ӴЦ
ʱٵѾˣղԾ൱ĲԾ
һ߲ưһЩ׳ȴ˹ǲӵģԾԾԵĴһһٽѵ
ܺãܺãСĺô簡군ˣҪſȥˡ
Ц˵
˵ģѾԼĶܿͳһֻǸֻȻͨС

Ҷ΢΢һһȺˣȻбġ

ôģһССȻôİԵ
ǣѵ֪Լǵʲô𣿡
ԵСӣǻˡ
һĽʱʮˣʮˣŰӣǻȥΪ磬ǵл߿ڵ̬ʱ￴һľ֡
ߺߡСӣ֪ǵ˴鷳ˣ൱鷳ҪôڵģҪôҵ˰һ٣鷳ܴ󣬿ɲȥġ
Ҷ΢΢һĿһȦˣЦ˵
ˣ鷳


1805 ɵĳȪ
Сӣ˵ʲô
һӴĶҶеĳе
СģνǷӵ쾡°
塭
һͻȻش֮дһ˿ȣǸȴһֲֲһ޷Ŀ־壬ƺǶޱȵĵӣޱȵĺ£ǳڴһѹԵ²Żγɵӡ
˲ǱˣǴҩŲҩĳȡ
ҶĿһ۳ȣȴ֣ʱĳСѾŵòҰףӿɲװģǴĵеĺ¡
ΪˣҶĲǣӵĲȥύʲô߰飬ôʱˣҶҲԷͼŮԵͨε绰ٳţҪôо룬ҪôǿҽϿӰǰլŮˡ
ӣаԵӣټһȺС죬Ҷ컹Щ㲻˫ĹϵǴǵӵȷǲϲӣұֵķǳ¡
ȣС֣ôʱˣ㾹ȻӼܳȻҲкҿǷǲǣ
ȵ˿ûй˼Ҷ˵Ĵڣڿųȳ֮Խĳ̬ͷ·ˣҶ˷ˡūһ㡣
塭ҡҲȥѧҽҲˣ
Ȳ˵
ʱĳȽǻʿ·һŽףȥޱȵʵ൱Ư˵㹻Ĺ˵ı
ȴڳȵѲţһ۾ϵǻ߷̵ͦλפ㣬޲õĽȥһʮҲ˵񣬴ҲĿųȣƺڿһֻĸһ
ˣС֣ǵʱ˭һִģʮʱ䣬ҪʲôʲôԵġȵáġõģѧǮṩ㣬ȱǮˣ㷴ˣѵõĻƸ翴㣬㾹ȻܳСֻûˣ
ĭĴţ̬ʵһС˵־ƣ̬ʮС죬òٵ˿ʼΧɢˡ
Ǽ£νѶϼ£Լ֮£Ǻȥ͵ģһĲͽȥûжٵĺ¡
˵ҲԸȥ¡
ҲҪ޳ȥ壬ҲˣҲôСҲŲʮ꣬Ҳôͽ顭ңҲϲǸջƵģ
ƺĲϲǸˣΪԼɣѵõĿڽе
ǷǲǣСˣ֪ӾͲ㣬ԴҪõˣûκεã
壬㣬ĲҪˣԺᱨģѾйˣֻҪ׬ǮҾȫĽ㣬ұ֤һǮġ
ƨȵ׬ǮˣˣҿƤ˰ѵõĻƸ翴㣬ĸ֣
ҶվȻֻ飬ȴҲԲ²⵽ˣȻģǳȵ壬ҴӶԷ̬ϺĻһͳȻѪϵġ
˵ǳȵ壿
ǣô޵壬ӲôСüˣǸļһﰡ
˵˼֪ԼţΪ˼˵Ļ¾Ҳŵġ
ֻǸӣȻҲµȥ֣ҿСνԵҲûʲôôģ㿴ſھ־Ҫ⻹˵ʲôذƨɣ
ٵ˿ʼ
ȥԵģڽѵԼҵˣʲôʸ磬ȣӸ㣬ҪôʵʵĸӻؼңҪôӾͰȥҪӶ֣
ͨ
ȻĹ˵ϣޱȰɫԼ壺
壬㣬ȥĸĸϣ㣬Ҫңһᱨ֮ģ˵ˣҸĸµһУѾȫˣѵ˵ЩԲĸ𣿡
ڵ̲סĽ
޳ܣ
ҶǼ޳ܵļһˣν壬ԼĸҵЩݸӵĶġ
ȻڳȸĸȥʱӦûԣӦڳȵĲƲӦѾȫνռˣһﻹ޳ܵҪեԼֶŮʣֵҶԷڿȵ֮Уǲ̬ʲô˸е񰡡
죬㻹ѧᶥˣݣҲСˣ
Ҷ磬ҰȾң˵Ļһġ
ȵתޱȣޱȵĿ֮ɫҶ졣
ž
Ҷĵȼһ֧̣ĶųЦ
ûµĳȣҶ磬ƺɲǰ׽еġ
Ʒ򽫳Ȱŵһߡ
ӴҳȪ˺˰СӣղžȻҶ˵̬ȣҲҳȪʲôˣβҵģǶңǾĲңҪùˣˣҼס㣬ߣǴߣ´ƽϣ
ҶǷһ˿Цݣĳ̣ıûʲô仯˫Ŀȴһ⣺
ôļưô簡ҶҪµˣҵҪ˭ܹߣ
ϻôʲôһĿ򣡡
һСѾǳȺܾˣǽ̬û˿뷨෴ǣеȴһ뷨
뵽һԼбֿжʱһѪ

еݺݵسҶӶ˹ȥ

ţħĺȵ
顱
һֱߵСĶϡ
ţħʲôĴڣǿᣬֱ׷Ҷ챾ˣΪħ̥Ѱ߱ħԣڵħ̥صĸı䣬һȺ죬ٶϸǧ򱶣ҲԲĶֵġ
ۡ
һŵݺݵȾŻëСϡ
ԷһߵѪ

Լ˾ȻӣȪҲˣָţħıӾڴĺС
ž
Ҷס˶Էȭͷֱӵһƴȥ
ء
һƴöԷ漴Ŀһú죬ѪʣѪݵ

ƷȻҶţħ̼´ǿɲǳصģЩĿʿҲʸ񣬵Ǳʥʿ˵ȴҲԶˡ
ȭŵĶ⼸˾һٵȭͷк
ģǾȻǣŰɣŻƸΪǳͷˣ˭ҲȲǵģ
һٶ֮УٵҲ˽
ˣҪĵģҳһŮҲ˵ͬĿʼ˳󣬽Ⱥ˴ʹ಻
ߣҵţ
Ҷ쵭˵


1806 
Сˣôǰʵ֪ôһǣ統Ͱˣ
ίĳȣǳȪǰͲסĵķߺޣԹޱȵĿųȺ
ž
Ҷӿʼûг֣ȴˡ
һݺݵ˹ȥ
һƴ൱ĺܣȪ˲Ѫʣݵ˶š
࡭ʴѣ
Ȫ˵ʼ©ȻҶһƣ൱ĺݰ
ž
Ҷޱ飬ٴεһƴȥˡ
žžžž
û֣ͣٴεĻ֣һƣٴεһơ
Ҽ˺ܶˣⱲӼˣˣ㣬󣬵Ļһˣ˾֣
ҶһһٵĿڣ
ȵļǿҽңҳ൱ҽѧ֣뵥ղŵı˵ĻὫӵģǾ˵ܵԼĸӰɵģܹΪҽҾȻ൱ĲģǸĸ˫ǸԼŮµĲƲ㹻ʳģУ֮еķҲ൱ߵģôǮõˣﻹڳһ˾ӵӣҶоģ
Ҷһʱ˵ǳȶ޵ĺģȻίȫҶ˵˳
̫ôˣҲ𣿡
ǰޣɱˣ
ްԼֶŮŹ
֣Ҳ𣿡
˵Ǵŭ˳ʮС쿴ȥѾ̫ײˣ˵ûֵġ
຿ܺãҳȪǲô˵ģƸӵţ
©ݣݺݵһ仰ȪѾѸٵ뿪ҶƷԼţħѾסˣȪţǻᵹùģˣ
λǰĹˣ½һ¡
Ҷ˿Ц˵
ӣΧңȷʵûа취ȥˡ
ǺǣõĺõģûʲôµģҶҽڵĻǻģһȺСģˣ
һСߺݺݵ˵
ƲȻʱҲǸ򵥵
ǰǰڵ˰ԽԽˡ
ٴεһۣ൱顣
ǺǣллλˣİɣʱһҸλæģ
źЩ֮ҶŹĴţ漴Ķųȹеİο
ȣԹˣҶʲô鶼Խġ
ۡ
͵ıסҶ壬Ŀ
ǿ֮Уʹ࣬ģί޷˵
·Ҫʮܵʹ࣬ȫͷųһˮͬǾһϵš
Ǻǣ԰ˣҶأǸ岻ˣҪˣ㿴޻壬컹ôץҩ
Ҷ찲οЦ
Ĳųϵˮ˵
ллл㣬Ҷ硭
ƺڷй˳΢죬˵һ˿˵
ԱΨһһԱҲ˭
Ҷȵһˮŵȼһ֧̣˵
Ҫ壬һΰôһδ򣬾Բġ
ȻˣҶİο֮ʣԿ϶һεǽˣԷܻܿٴεĳֵģңҶҲ֪Լ϶úúõĽһìˣȪܶ࣬ǾǷ蹷һĶͻȥ㣬ǻ㣬Ƕĺ·
ܵġҶ磬ҿ컹뿪ɣ۵ǣ㻹֪ҵ壬ǸӣΪΪһôһδ򣬿϶ǲֵģǻƸ磬һå൱кܶǮµĹϵϴĶܺã֪Ļ¡
Ҷ΢΢һЦ
ûµĳȣİɣ˵ˣû˸ҶģҪ˵νĻƸ粻Ҷ֮УҲû˭Ҷ
ҶţҲǽǿϵġ
ǺȥʲôҾǿҶ춼Ầ£
𣿡
Ҷĵ˵ͷ
İɣ
漴΢΢һȵǰ滺һ£
ԹԵ˯ȥɣֻҪ˯һһеһоȫʧˣ˯ɣ˯ɡ
˵ĳѾرȻѾ𽥵ķˣȴǿԿĳСѾͷǰ˲ٵʹ࣬ü֮УǿԿ˿˿ߡ
ȪƸ硭
ҶЦ
ߺߣֻҪƷүԵĳ֣ϣǿ˲ġ
ƷŴ飬˵
ȳˣҿɰĺܣţħ൱ϲԷƷ򶼺ĻŮֳһֲĹذɼȵܻӭ̶ȣʱȵҲ׵ţħƷʼŭ
ҪȵȶٳҲ١

һ󼱴ٵͻȻĴ˳
֮УһְԵӺ޲õĽŸһ㡣
Ҳ˰ɣ
ţħ̲ס˫Ŀ˿˿ţħ֣Ʒ̲סĴһ£Ȼǿ£Ǳţħ˵ȴĲһ㰡
Ҷû˵΢΢ĵһ³ȵ壬Ѩ˯һú֮˫ĿȻһһ˿˿ɺ컺˸˳
ߣ𣿡
ҶѾɹıȼˡ
漴Ŀš
ʲôҲôãǲǲ˰
һֱɵ˿˿ŭƺǶôʱſţʾޱȵϻ
ȻǳȪ
Ҷ쿴һˣ΢΢һ㶡
һˣֻλеλźɫװźɫƤףϴīȻǱڵݣǵм䣬һ󸹱ӣһС۾ӣˮͰİСȥǸˮͰӻһ⡣
ǶԷȴɢһ˿˿λߵϢϢֳֻɹʿϲŻ֣һĻһǧĵŮˣڲϸӵ壬ŮӵĽ𱬣ʮһ
˿ߵϣԻŭһðײ˶ˣ
£
ҶĽԼеѹǰӣ˵
ﲻġ
ҶĿ˶Էһۣû˵Ůӷ˵
ո磬㿴СҪʲôûʲôǻȥҽԺĺã
ǵģֻһС˵㻹ȥĵطɣʮ֮⣬һҽԺȥ԰ɣ
Ҷһ̬
ȡе˼ҽյǾ￴ˣСӲ֪û


1807 ٣
ûȤ
ҶֱӵĿԷƵ˿ĲΪԷĻ˿ĲӣȫӵǰΪյļһ
㡭ûȤ
յɫһ䣬ֵΪŹ֣ƺû뵽Ҷ쾹Ȼ˵һȴĳҶģû˿Ȥ
ҿСӷǸƭӣո磬ǻȥҽԺɣƵطСĿʶҽԺԺȥĻԻᱻΪϱġ
ǸŮӣŤԼϸķβϵڶԷĦţһԱظĦŽյֱۣƺĽš
ߣȻСӣĳ˻һӵģбµĻڼǮģڿû˿ôﻹǲҪĺá
ĿҶ죬˵
˵ûʲôôģ㻹߰ɣҲβ
Ҷƽ·û˿ĲΪ֮ĿŶԷһ˫ĿضŽգȻӣýյɫ΢΢һ
Сӣ㲻ʶң
ڵ֪ˣԼʲôط¶˿϶ɫҶ˵
Ҫʶ𣿡
Ҷ췴ʵ
һ̬ҶȻһ棬ҶȷʵǲʶԷһ棬ҶʵĲҪʶԷ
˵һ飬ҽнգ
˵
ְûʲôϡģ
ҶƲƲͣҲ˵Ļش

һʱžǱڻǸηŮӣһֹڿҶ죬·ǰҶ첻ǵˣǴӻģʵϣҶȷʵǴӻġ
Ĳʶң
տЦõĿҶ졣
һˣ֮⣬˭ʲôֱϵϵ𣿡
ҶЩͷˡ
УΪʲôʮļһأԭͲʶո磬ո磬ǸϽ뿪ɣһ˵Ҹо̻½ģ
ŮӲмĿҶ죬·ڿһֻһ㣬֮дһֽ
Ҷֱ飬ۿ˵͵ı顣
Ǿ˰ɣԭ˵иҽأڿҽȷʵǲզˣǲȥҽء
Ҳ˵ıе
˵꣬תҪ뿪
վס
һĮƺǴ˿˿ŭڻȼš
ŭ޷ķŭ
֮󣬽յ̲סĴһ¡
ȻܵԽյȴԸо֮ˣƺһֻ̲ޱŭͻһ㣬ԼڲȥֹͣŲͻܵԷвΣԼ
ˢ
ջתǼȴһֽ䱸ӵ̬Ҷ죬ȻǲǺ
ҽҽĻԴԶǧʷˣţֲţССҽȻҲܹһĵҽԱȣ
ҶĻˣģУʥģַģҽʷΪô˶ҽĳݣŵҽû䡣
Сӣ㻹ʲô𣿡
Ҷ΢΢Ŀ˶Էһۣ˵
ûʲôֻǲ֪ĳÿҹﶼȽŷ飬ʱķΪʲôȲⲿԵĶ¼ΪʲôԴ΢ʹΪʲôԼҪ군ˣȴ֪Ǻܱ
˵ģҶѾתš

ŷűرգǽյɫȴòҰ
һμ棬ѯʶûѯʣԼҲʶҶȴյ˵ȷޱȣԼĶµë˵һֹ˲õһҽ
СֵܡСֵܿŰ
նʱĳ˹ȥͼţȴѾˡ
󵽣һӾȻôٶȣһʱ䣬λڶЩȻˡ
ո磬ô˰Сӣղ˵ʲô˼㾹Ȼո磬벻Ŀȥˣ
޵Ů̲סĽе
ÿ
һƿŮˣǴʱŮ˵ĻĸӵĻ˲١
ո硭
ƺû뵽һǶԼϲмӵˣʱȻһһƿԼ̬ϼᡣ
Ů˻شԣڿ˽յ̬֮ȻίȴǱֳһίӣ
ո磬ﰡŪ˼ˣǸССҽ϶˼ҵֶθģո磬ǻȥɣȥ֮Һúõźһʲôа
ŮڽյĶ˵
ǰտ϶൱ĵģڵȴû˿ĿĿԣǶǰŮԽ
ӹ
һѽŮƿտɥе
ҽҽ㿪ţ۲ʶ̩ɽ㣬Ⱦһΰɡ
ϵëȻȴҲ಻ԣп಻ˣҶ˵ë֮ʵоϲޱȡ
ҽ飬һдҰɣֻҪԸ⣬ԸóҲƲɸֻҪϰң
ɣ
Ůıǣ¶˾ɫ
յȻȴžԵֶΣʱ򣬱Ϊų˵۹⣬ѸٵĿʼƣ̶̵ʮʱѣѾڳˡ
ŮòĶޱȳڵģʱȥһ˧Ҳǲܵ⣬ȴƫƫѡĵĽգеԭҲˡ
ʱ˽վȻҶɵĺôʼˡ
˽ôʱ䣬Ůǲ֪յʲôط⡣
ɣ
Ҷ쵭˵
⵹ҶϲǮǶԷ̬ȣҶҪľ̬ȡ
ллҽ
ٴεţһžȻˡ
˲ҪҲ뱻֪ɣ
ҶٴεĴ
ǵģǵģң
ȻķӦ˹ⱣںŮȵ
ϰ塭⣬Ӳ̫ðɣ
Щˡ
ûµģžС
ѾȲ˽ȥ
ʱҶƷ֮󣬵˵
⣬ΪԵӰµģҺϻûкܺõİǲϵȥкķѣŵڵӰɣ
Ҷ쵭˵
յɫһ䣬û뵽Ҷ쾹Ȼˣ
ǵģǵġ
ʱĽѾĿʼ
Ҷ춴һУʵǺֲܿ
ʵϣܺýģûҩģȥ׼һ£ʲôʱ׼ˣʲôʱң
ʲô
յɫ΢΢һ䣬Ȼû뵽һ㡣Ǹȴ¶һĨɵɫ
ߡ
Ҷָ΢΢һһѸٵյݼš
㲻٣ûа취˲κõģѾ㿪ͨһԼȥһ£һΡάְʱġ
𣿡
յɫޱȵļ֮ɫ


1808 Ʒ
Լȥһµģ򣬾˵ٶ࣬ҲδػȥŰɣ
Ҷ쵭˵
ǴʱĽѾˡ
ëʵϺܼ򵥣ȴ㹻ʹ
ĽգȻͷԣеȴûʲôԼԣϲŮʱŮ˺ܶ࣬ʱĿʼƣȴʼһղһˡ
ǵЩ꣬˥˼㡣
ҪǮǮȻûʵȨǺĸ߹ٶѣνҪ÷磬Ҫ꣬κΣôõҪŮҲǲٵģֻڵõŮ֮ȴεķ֣Լڵûа취ȥʩչ۷硣
٣
٣
ܣǾΪܵŮȴҲ֪ڵķЩ׳ҩЧҲֻһʱðˣǺüζû̫ô
ǽһʹడ
ڣȴоˣԼѾ𽥵ķˣǾþõûб仯ĶܣʱȴҲʼЩҪ̧ͷļˡ
ҪĶԼȥѰҰɣʲôʱҵˣҡҶ콫һֽ˽գ˵
ǡǵģллһ㣬ٵ뿪
ǱںŮ㵵֮У˸߲ҵĳˣѸٵ뿪ˣ֪ܣȻȦҲܶ˵ġ
ֻҪٴεʹһҩͿˡ
ǰĲˣҶЦ˵֮д˿˿ĵ٩
ˣƵһλߣ˿ȥͶʮӣȴԵһ˿԰ס
ллҶҽ
ԷмޱȵĿҶ졣
ǺǣҪǵÿư
Ҷ̲סЦ
ʱķչƺߣҲʼǧ򻧣ڵʱʱ䳹š⡱ϢСĴڿʼ𽥵ӵ˻֮С
ЩԹĵŮţЩѪյ˵ԵĲһ׺ɵ顣
ҪҸֽһιʽĽδһ̫׵飬ϾҪҸֽãҪķѽǮʱġ
ߣɳΪ˷й;ķʽ֮һǳڵߣܣȴ˵Ѫɢ٣ҲҶʱӴһֲˡ
ǵͶǺô󣬵ȴѾˡ
һƵġϴɫ˵
һλҶ˵ͷ漴Ŀ˵
ڵĲڳʵϣҶ׬ȴ࣬ȻԸĻʱĶ׬ǮֻҪȥ̽һ¡
Ҷϵ˽Ҳʼø
СУʵ̫ˣεԽָ࣬оҲԽˣ֮еҲǿ£ܹЩĿµɱһΣȻʥĳ̶ȣȴǰҪǿǳΪһĳҲ¡
Ҷ찵Ե˼ţȴԼ뷨Ҳֻһ뷨ڵĿƼ˵Ҫķӳһ˵ǱҪĶ̫ˣڵļǴﲻˮ׼ġ
Ļ뿪֮ǰƺǿһǿ
ҶѾԼһ˿ƻ
ģеһʥ֮أСӹԼңڲϵĳŻĹаΧļڵĻĹܹǿδزһ¡

ҶһĶõʱһҵײ˳Ǵ̶ű߿ˡ
ҶɫһĶŶĲЦȵˮȥмסҪȥ̫ԵʳԵˮֻҪӱһµʱ֮Ϳɻָ٣ʱһˣҸ㿪һҩллллҽ
ԷҶһۣм˵ǺܿȴĴŷȥ
ô°Ҳ߳
ղŵײ̫ǿˣԲŷġ
žžž
ƤЬĦײ˳
ֻһеʮž˽
죿Ȼʮ죿￴Щüͷ
һȺˣڵ̬ԵĿɲ￴ôļ򵥰
߲߲
ҶķԼеıʣ΢΢һһ֧̳
ž
һȻĴһ֮߳˵Ʋǳڵһָ߲ϲŻе̬
˿ȥʮµģһ㣬һ۾ȴҶ쿴̰塢бϢ
˭ĸˣ˴ĽеȫȻһ
𣿡Ҷ쵭˵
ĳ̣˿ûԷľٶǱҶ쿴ȥȻǵȻʵȴˡ
ĴʱѾȼˡ
ȺһڵԼ̬ԵҲġ
Сӣܵ󰡣ԷҶһۣ˵
ϵƱˣһ˵Ļ»ڶԷ֮£˲ĵ˼ģҶʲôûµħԨ֮ʲôûоˣǲϡ
𣿡Ҷ쿴һһۣ˵
˾ٱ˽ضƷҪ飡һ£
ӰԵ˵
˽ضƷɣлжƷ
ǰҽԺжƷǶţҶҽǺˣǾô֤ݶҪץ˰ôЩ̲סĽ
죡
ӷŭĺ
֮дһֿµϣ˫Ŀ˿˿⣬·Ƕһ㣬˿ȥ
۾̲סĵͷ
⵹ǺǺݡ
ٶǳʶ
Թеĳʶ
е˶׼Ѳ飡
ӰԵޱȵĽе
ţ
ҶȻĺȵ
ôҪ췴𣿡ӵ˫Ŀ˿˿⣬һƺǶԼ൱аգǳԶҶӡ
ֻһѣԼҪȥеεģвң⾯͵һ˵
һε飬ҶȻ֪ǷʲôȴһָоԷбġ
Ҷ첻£ȴűҲ᲻ܵǣġ
ţħƷ򶼲һˣȻĲҪǳȿɾͲһˣ˵Ҷ첻ͶԷһʶֻܹöԷúõ
ڿһжûа취ģоĵҪԼ鷳ˡ
в㻹䣡ҶЦ˵
ҡѣоĺȵ
ǣ


1809 ɲҪڣ
ǡǱִʲôʸѲ飿
ǰ˴绰˵˽ضƷǣǶùһ
Ѳ𣿡
ҶȻû˵Ĳǿǲˡ
Ҷʱ䲻㳤Ŀڱȴ൱ĺãһҩƷ۸ˣһӵҪǾҶҽ൱ĸ
߳ҽʹ÷ˣûһλǿĶġ
죬˵Ҿ͵ڷȫĴؾȥ
оԵĸˣ˵֮Уʮĺܡ
Ҷ硭
ȾֵĿһȺνľ죬ϷǴŵӵɫ
õģûµģ
Ҷ찲ο
ССĲУ»û˵ҶֻһҽǲǰˣңΪµĻһλ̫žǿߣֻ

ȶҶžԵš
ĵͷ
˵Ⱥһƺб
ţħ߳Ҷ˵
߲ƣ߲ӦþˣԵ޹ʵһһضɲǼ򵥵鰡
ҶҲüͷ΢΢һţһֵģһ㣬ǿ϶
ڵ۷ʲô飬ҪϺ˶ԷһϷúõ

顭
顭
һȺˣĲĶѰҡ
ӷǹҲģҶȴ⣬ǾĿǡ
ʲô
ͻȻһе
Ǵһдģҩڷŵȫҩ
žžž
һʱһϲˣ
ҵˣҵˣ
ҶǵЦݣǳȴ
ⲻܣ
˵ľҪȥ
һȥ
ǴͷľȻĽȥ
ž
ҶٵĽס⾯ܴҶס˳ȣСѾͷԻײ˵ġ
ߡ
ţħ΢΢³һȦĿǾ죬ﵭ˵
𣿡
ƷҲһˬĿŶԷ˫Ŀ˿˿ΪڲǳֵĺûᣬҶҲû˵ƷŪһˡ
㡭ǿʲôСӣǴҪ𣿡
Ȼҵһɣһĵ֮ɫǿеĻԼе𶯣Ľе
֣ҵˣҵˣ
һ˴Ĵܳ
һİɫ
⡭ⲻģ
̲סĽһƬί֮ɫ
ҶѾһʱˣÿһҩŵʲôҩݣ൱൱˽⣬Ǳ۶Լеλãô᲻֪浽ʲô
һɫƷûп϶è塣
СѾͷƬӣ㶮ƨǰ׷ۣ׷ֹۣĶƷһĵ군ˣ׵군ˣﰡ㹻εĳ̶ˣˣҴȥѾˣСѾͷֻǸѣ»֪ǵĵǲģЩ׳ղǣѵǲ֪νҽʵһǸܾˣһҵ֤ݣߣˣҪʱĽǵĵ顭
νĸֳϲõĽе
⡭⡭ԩˣҶ粻Ǵɣ
ȻǲɵҶʲô֪Ҷһˣһɵģ۶Ʒ׬ǮȻ٣ҶҪ׬ǮĻҽݵʱͿԴﵽһĸ߶ȡ
ǰⲻܰҶҽôᣡ
ǰ˵ǴɾǴɰп϶è壡
ٵĲ˷׷׵ΪҶ쿪ڡ
ߣǷΣҪͣ
ꡭ
һóҪҶϿȥ
ƺʲôˣһνĶƷҲûм˵ûʸΪҴ
Ҷɫ˵
ﻹڵɪƨСӣʵĸ㣬һ군ˣûʸּۻۣ
⸱ƺǻ˵ʲôȴҶ˫Ŀ֮Ѿ˿˿ĺ⡣
ʱһĶ£漴ٵĶߵ˺ȵ
ϽĴ
һ˫εȿֲ񣬾֪Լߵ˶֪࣬Լִߣȴ̲סдһ¡
һ˶ԷС
ߺߣ𣿡
ҶЦſŶԷﻺ˵
ǰҴˣҪȥ뿪ĻǾͲôˡ
ֵޱȵĿҶ죺
СӣӲɣӲǺ֪ܿʲôˣĻ쵰ҼˣʼʱӲΪ˲ãǶִɣеǰ취ģⶾɣǿոĶ
ɲҪڣ
ҶЦ
ǳȷԸ˼䣬Ҷ챻ԷٵȥҲʱڳ߸


1810 ΰӿ
үүҪģǸһȻǿģǾͲܵģôżʲô
һµŮһ߼Ľе
ıһеıڴҲڸǣȻǵݺϵĴȫһ¡
ŮӴһīڸס˫ǽΪ˵ĲȴǱ¶˳еһֱǰһԱ⣬ļһԵø˲٣Ϊ˵ĵطȴǶԷΡ
һԱΣΰԲ°ıҡҷˣһ޵롣
һˣҶĻһᾪһ£ΪߺŮӲǱˣǵҶµƾŮȻŮ硣
ҵǸѰòżˣڿνΣˣҽ˵˵ʱ֮ڣٲĻǾûκεİ취ˣ
˵Ϲүү𣿡
΢
ǰ˭һ겻һˣʱǷĿʼǻԲѣҺάҽԺѾұˣǵЩҽԺѾרһϧȴû˿á
ƾε̾Ϣ
ˡ
ƾȻ̧ͷ漴ĳһȥ
һҹģСС
߰ɡ
Ͻģ㣡
ڴʱһ󼱴ٵҲ˳
ֻһڳСܹļ׳Կģ׵ļ¶ȿµĺܣԷһ·СܿνԾ˿ͷϷ¶˷ܵɫһеıڣһбˣжһСӣΪı䣬ȫɿһ֪еƷ򵥡
ף
ƾ¶һĨɫӡ
ʱҲƾһˣʱɫһ䣺
ϣȻ
գ㰡ͷҲû뵽㰡
ƾ¶һĨЦ˵
ӲǱˣǲǰҶԸȥѰҩݵĽա
ٺ٣ǰҸ˰¡
Ц˵ʵ
ϣʲô
˵ģ
˵
գûжٵĺøС
ҷ˵Ƽҵ˺ͽҲһȦеģƼȨǮƣȻûʲôȨƣʶѺܶ࣬ǮˣҲȦеһԱֻǱƾҪܶࡣ
Ϊ˲壬ûЩǮ˵ֶĵϰߣճ˲Ա񣬵ǽȴϲŮһ㹻ˡ
ٺ٣ǵĿĻһİС㣡
Сأ
̲סĵŽս߳

ƾüͷһ壬̲סĺǳ
ǺǣհŮҹ߻ˣ㲻Ҫ⣬ҪȥһˣµĻæɣ
ƾЦ˵
Ǵһյȴһķ⣬Ц˵
ǲǸ˰ɣ
ָһָҶڵһ˵
ǰѵ˵Ҳǣ
̲סĽе
Ҫ˵ƾҲЩֵĿŽգƺڿһǲǹô˵ġ
ٺ٣ϣһ·ģҵ˵⣬˵ϴ￴һ£Ҷҽ˵ҪһЩҩģʱûڵĴˡ
ָЩС͵ı˵
һɡ
Ȼһ·ģƾҲȥʡ
ð
˿ٵĳҲǰ׵·ˣǵٶȼӿ죬̶̵һֶӱſڡ

ƾɫ΢΢һǽҲ˵ı顣
ֻвٵˣЩ˿ȥģȴۼ档
ǳʲô˰ɣ
̲סСֹ
ΰ£ô߰ɣ
մĽе
æĳȥ
ҶľݰˣԼ군ˡ
ϧôõҽôǸأ
ҿץ˰ɣҶҽҽΪ˺ƣͶɵĺȫĲһ°
ǣĿףҼǮϸǹĺܣҿץˡ
ȷʵŶƷôһ
˵ٵĴ˳
ô£ô°
ռæĳǷֵ忴ȥռСһʱ˲˵ע⣬ŭĿӣڿձı֮ȴʵʵĳһ˿ˡ
Ҷ粻ǴɣЩˣҩôܻа׷۰ǱҲ֪ʲô
ӳȵﴫ
ƷţħһԣεȰš
СѾͷҪˣҶ籾´ĺܣĲµġ
ǰǰ£ҶҲµġ
ιιιҪӵҺòãǳʲôˣ
տҪˣʲô׷ۣʲô죿еĽһºòã
˭
Ʒ΢΢ĳһ̣һﵭ˵
Ӵͷ㰡
ţħͻȻһе
Ǹƾһˡ
ʲô𣿡
ƾʶţħϾڼҶʱţħ͸ߡ
ŶҶ챻˴ˣһȺ죬﷭ٵİ׷ۣ˴ɿˡ
ţħɵ˵
ȻĲģϾڵϣǱκ˶Ҫ˽ҶʵĴڣҪ˵ССľˣĵ֮˼һҲδػҶĶ֡
ⲻģݺҶ磡
ȼĽ

ƾɫ΢΢ı仯
ɣɣ
ҶҽƾʱѾˣˣûһǿĶģӵһλĲ˿ʼҶûʧֹЩҩƾҲ˴̽Щҽûа취о͸
ǽҩ˱һоš
ҶҪǮҪӲΪʲôɡ
ƨɣӽʲɽҪ˻ǶɣģһƬĸڹϽǸҲ飬һҪ
յŭĺ
ҶƷŵģǴҶɵģҶȴ˿Ĳ⣬Ҳ㹻˵ˣҶʵϲȱǮġ
ǡ
һλڷɿóֻ
ߡǲͣˡ
ƾЦ
ϻ֣ЩѾٵı˵ˣȴӡЩȨ֮˵Уȥǡ
ڣϻ֣ƺҪٴεı˼ˡ
磬Ҳͨĵ绰
ƾ֮дһĨ޷ڸǵŭ⡣
΢䣬Լүүһο˵ķŭˣΪǱˣǵʡĸ״ˣ
Ҳʱ򣬲ǰ֮ҲʼֳһƬŭΡ
žģҽҶٸץðĺ氡ҵҪ˭ĳ˱ӵȻôķ
ȻˤԼֻĺ
ǣҶƵĲϼһҲʼԵĳˣҶҽǿɲǴģܹסˣȻҲǰġ
һʱ䣬ΪҶ챻ץԵʣпʼΰӿ


1811 ַƣ
ֵڲҶ쵭ȻϣؿǰӣԷݣȻֵĸֳ⵹ҶЩϡ
֣
Ҷ죡
䣡
Լ
Ա𣡡
Լ
ž
⸱ֵϴŷŭɫĺ
СӣõĲҪҪúõϵĻ˵㻹һ·㲻úõϣߣˡ
ǿǰɣ
ҶζĿһ۶ԷǰľԱƻ˵
СӣҪҲ⣬㣬յĶ֤֤ڣ˵죬ϣȴҲԵû˿ôˣ
ǿݺݵؿҶ죬ϵıԽ
ҺǺ棬˭ôĵӺȻԸң
飡
ǿݺݵϾһȭ
һеЩһȭ죬Ȼǰ㣬Ҷ죬һ˫Ŀ˵䡣
̬ǻͨ˵Ļ»пܱŵ
ҶȴһȫĲ⣬û˿ĵֻ̬ǺͶԷ໥Ķš
Ҷ졭㲻Ҫ滨һΣû˿Ծȵģܻ֪ڷµ㹻ǹʮˣ˽ԵķƷ޴󣬹³̨֮УⶾƷĽ׶µĵǳһǧģ֣Ļˣأˣ˭ҲȲ㣡
Ҷ첻мĿŶԷǴһ̣ȼһ֧
һ˺棬һǴʲôط̡
Ҷ̬ȴ˲øǿŭˡ
Ѷ֮УǲֻһˣԱ㣬ǿҶ죬ڿһֻһ
ûھֵôķǾǵЩӵܣ˾֮ҲᱻƸһµģžԵԲôĵ
飡С֣õʵʵĽˣô˷Ѵҵʱ䣬ΪӾͶȥʵĸ㣬һҲ˵Ҳа취ġ
Ҷ³һȦЦſŶԷɷʲһ׳һֳ׵Ϣ
Ȧسǿ˹ȥҶĲԷ˵顣
ԲǰʵҶţԷѾڿʼжˣҶҲΪ˿е˭ڵ
Լ֮ƺҲûеʲô˰
С֣ô
ڵģǿ׵ļŭˣϳ˾ݺݵسҶϴȥ
⾯˵ϣеĵЧ˲ܵһޱʹĳ̶ϣҶ˫Ŀâ˸û뵽ǿȻ˵Ĵ󵨣ǵŹƽĵزʵ̫˵ɡ
ǶԷĵطҶСһȥ˿»˲ݿ˵ġ
ݣôľνľ죿ʹߣ
Ҷ̲סŭһ

žžž
˸һĿ˾ĵЧ
֡Ҫ嶯
ľԱû뵽ǿôĳ嶯ھָǿǺѰİ
ÿ
ǿȫĲ⣬ֱӵĻӶԼеľҶȥ
һĶȻѾǵһˡ
飡
ҶһźݺݵؽԷĶС

ǿĲҽ
ȻҶһŵǿֲ
ž
绨ʼתǾݺݵػ˵棬ǿųһ亹
һĻһᱻеġ
֮ĳ˾֮⣬ȴһַŭķŭ
ģСô
ҶסˣǿȻ߳ӣȻŭ˼¡
ž
һֻɫ֮˸ǿСǹ
ǿȻͳǹ
֣Ҫ嶯ɳ嶯
˼Σʱһľš
嶯嶯ƨС֣ھУ㶼˵ķĳƽǺεȵĲϮ㾹ȻھϮ
ǹǿϵĶ׼ҶԴ
ҪǹҵԴ
Ҷ쵭˵Ȼ˫ֱסȻǹָԴҶȴû˿⣬෴൱ƽֻ΢΢ĿŸǿ·û˿⡣
װƣôװʲôȰھлװƣְٷҿεķ
ǹָҶԴǿϴɫĺ
Ǻǡôĵӣô
Ҷı˵ĵȻ֣ʱԱ¶˾㵵ɫ
ǹǹǹָԴȻ治ɫжôµĶʮһ
֣֣Ӳðɡ
ԱȻǲ뽫ִˡ
ûʲôõģС֣ʮ㣬ȻжƷףľǶƷˣһˣԵˣҲŪС֡
һһһС֣ҶɫҲʼ
ž
Ҷˡ
ɿ죬һѾͽԷסˡ
ꡭ
΢΢һʱѵˡ

飡
ǿҵʹǿ﷢ĲҽǹҲʼˡ
ס֣ôϮϮ
ԱҲʲôˣǼȻݺҶ죬Ҳʲôöġ
ʱİγϵǹ׼Ҷ졣
Ǻǡǻ
Ҷ쵭ЦŶԷ
˿˿⣺
ҿҪǣһΣǷ˴˭ҲȲǵĴ
Ҷ΢΢ĽһһŽǿߵһߡ
ǣҵģ
ŸǿԹҶЦ˵
Сӣ仰Ӧ˵㡭ˣ
ϵסԼ󣬸ǿĽе
㾹ȻҵƸ磬ȫˡ
ڵģǿԼĻ¶˳
Ҷ΢΢һ
Ƹ𣿺ǺǣԽԽ˼ˡ
Ҳͬһʱ䣬ĲѾʼ
ǿģƾʱǿǱ֮Ϊϻڶ࣬޲֮žصĵλ
ĶʡʵҲµĺܡ
νæĽͷöģǰ׷ٿոյʵȥһεĹͿǹûģȻ˵еҪͲΪֳҲĪĹ͵ġ
ˣ쵼ʱҲǶĿ࿴
ڵæһ󰡡
建صȼһ̣ԵϢһ¡
Ǿʱĵ绰ȴȴ˴̶
÷ɫ΢
֪Ϊʲôо绰ƺǲ̫ԾһֱµֱƺҪˣңǿµĴ£


1812 ŭķ
ιǷ壡
ӹ绰ķ建ؿ˵
С
һԴƣ˳ƺǴ˿˿ĲƺһĨΡ
֮Уһָ߸ϵϢ֮󣬷ɫȴȻһݣȻ
ǰã
ǣǲеĵһ֣г֮⣬û˱ӵȨ޴̹ԹǵǱгӵĿ¡
С
ƺԻŭĺܣôƺһ˿ŮԻϢǶǣٶĲҲš
ǺǣСôĿġ
ǵĻǻ˲٣ֹǻǷΪһ֣ǵĻﻺҲǳģڽ죬ȴһĨǣΪƽյϰߵԵʣƺҪŵѸһЩҲѶȡ
ǣʲô𣿡
Сʵ
ٳսȻһССľֳȴҲĶһ㣬κǴӲģٳǿȥƾΪٳ֮ͿԸˡ
СһΣĹԭĻϻı㣬ôƫƫڹϳأľץһˣˣҪǵ˲׵ľͰ˸ץˣ˵һλðһĪег֪ˡ

һɫʱһ䣺
ǣ鲻İɣҲ֪
ϽĴԽԽãһǾͱ˴¨ˣҵһλʦղŸҴ绰ˣǲ죬УЩ˾ӵϹԱҲʼϵĴ绰ϽĴˣ
ž
绰ȻĹҶˣһҲӵʱѣǷɫȴѾ
ģ˭ڹϷˣ
岻ʲô쵰ԶԻֱһΣǵĵ绰ϣڸԼԼľݺˣԿ
塭
̶ĵ绰ٴε
ԭվҪߵȻһ١
һֲԤѾʼ֮С
ιãǷ壡
ﻺ˵
ǰɣֳôģˣϽĹˣ
Էǵֱӵĺܡ
ǣ
ӿһŭ𣬱˵ѵ⣬⻹Ǻģڸ㲻Էݵʱǵš

䡭
Ȼӿһıը
ô˭SʡʡĲжĹϽΧ֮Уһ׳գȴҲְ֪
ơʡã
Ц˵
øƨֱӱͷѵһ٣ݺݵѵһ٣Ϊ֪㷽Ĺֱӵˣץ˾ץ˰ɣôץأȻݺǴʲô
ĺˮˢˢSʡһ֣ʡԸԼ绰ô˭٣ڵķȴ൱ĲϣԷԼ绰
ŵ绰ʾĺ룬㷽һ׳Ҳ֪ԲǼðģ绰ȷʵԼʡˣ
һ죬עҪùˡ
ǷΨһ뷨
ʡģһὫһε鴦õģҵ⣬Ҫȥ
ϽĴǴã㴦ˣѾֻһϼһڸҴ绰ˣϽĽ鴦ˣôģ
ܲˬ൱ĲˬϾ˭ϣԼʱȻı˴绰һͷľһٳֻǿƾ˵棬һٵĳȻҵ绰ȴҡ
ƾ˵ʱҹص绰ˡ
塭
绰ոյĹҵٴε
Բۣ
ʱ򣬿Ҫˡ
Сӣ費ǰʮ㲻ţصǸţư
ɫޱĸǿĺ
ɫȻҪѿû˵˵ĶΪʮ㣬ʱԼѵ󣬿»ˣͷĽ
ȻڵҲѾ˷Եˡ
㲻ҵģģ
ҶǵȻ֦ǹڵѾ֦ǹ׼Դˡ
Ƹ磿ƺ˵ģֻû뵽ƸݾȻôǿ󰡡
ҶȻ֪νĻƸʲôˡ
ǳȵ壬Ȫ˵ˣ˵ǱƸ翴ϵģҪųȼ޸Ƹ硣
ǸʱҶҲֻǽνĻƸ統һСѣڿƺôļ򵥰һС죬ǻͷӣҲԵûôģһֳ£Ѿ뵽˹ٳ֮ˡ
ҶеŭȴҲʼٵı˳
ݺֶҲ̫ˡ
ôİ׷ۣҶһͨˣǾԻᱻݺĳ̶ȵġ
ʲôǾǴ壬ĴʣǰЩˣƺå˵Ĵʣǲȥͨ˽ѣѧݺˣҶεĲȥŭ
㲻֪ȥˣСӣ֪𣿸㣬ҲˣûˣܿĻƸһ绰ȫĹϵᱻ̽õģʱֻ·һ
Ҷ컺һһϵĴð
ôһǶһȺһĴ˵ҶȴòȥһȺ죬һȺΪĴڣأǲΪ£ΪŰҶ޷ͬ
ҵҪҳȥĻ˭ܹסң
ҶȻվ壬Ȼǰȥ
飡
һǹ
ǿȻˣ
ĿǹˣǶҶ忪ģΪҶĿ죬¾ʹˣȻ˵ӵҶûκεãҶ컹ǻˡ
ݣ
ȻһҶٵĳһ˹һȺ֮
ǹǻʲôҿǹ
ǿĽе

ѶҵĴȻı߿ˡ
ӭɫķ塣
ǿʲô
ˣҪˣѾʮ绰ˣ绰ˣͷһޱȿֲﵽʡߵĵ۶ǣѾе绰ˡ
ìͷ޲Ƕŷ壬廹֣Լôĵ׳ʲô⣬ȴû뵽ǣ⾹ȻԼϡ
˫ĿҪˣԵĻǺҪǰĸǿһڿڵ˺ѡ
ֳ֡
ǿɫ΢΢һ䡣
ָƨ˭㶯ǹģǿǸ֣˭˵ģѲԵ޹ʵľʹˣҶҽǲǻζ˰
ޱȵŭǴŭ̬


1813 ˵ģ㲻öң
㶯ǹˣǹΪ㱣ϰյģװƵģ˭㿪ǹģ˭ĵǹģ˭
ǽһŭѾͷѵʮˣӿʼǵЩǵڲԱǣͲԼƵҪˡ
ǵղΪֹ֪ǳʲô⣬ΪǹҶ컹ǲֵᷢġ
ⷽҲʵıߵ˼£ԭһػٿոյĵ֣ڵڱ˹עܵϼĲͼνڣûеȵ⽱´ȴѾٵĴи֪ˡ
ôĴмԱʶǱ֤һôĳɣ
ǹ֮ķ壬ʱҲʱ֪еĻˣŸǿطȻĸȷеԵɡ
ֳôˣ
ǿڻЩת䣬̲סʵ
ôˣĻǲǴи˹
ĺǿ֪ģڽľֳλ֮ʱԷЩϵڻǸȣһʱҲûгִӣԭķ廹һεٿĽһЩϵȴûκβܵļһȫĻ
ȴû뵽ǣ㲻㣬Լûг֣һȴԼһ֣ôĶˡ
ֳС漰Ķ̫ˣ˽ԵŶƷһϮˣ͸õУڵøϿĽоѻֹСٲӣ̵þѻֽɱ
ǿ˵飬̬ȣ֪ĻΪǿǾֳֻǸֳء
죬ӱ죡
ĺ
ǿһأһΪĸȵԵʣһΣѾˣðŵǿ֮˵ĴҲýǿŪ
ˣϽķˣ
ĺȵ
ĶҶЦ˵
ҶҽʵǱǸʵǱǸһֵıǸҹϽ̫ˣŵڳô¨ӣҪԭ£һһúõ١
ΪΪֱҶ쿴ĳһﲢа֮ϵеģҲûйֵΪ
ֳо仰Ҫ˵ģǵľҪúõһˣôĺȺ֮Ĵţɲʲô£˭˳ֱۣӵһĪеʵˣͷȻ˰ԵҿֻһССĸֳǾֳĻҪˣ
ǣҶҽ˵Ķԣȷʵӣҵ̫ˣصԭ¡
ǿǰ׳գ෴൱ĴĻҲƾǲѧֶΣ쵽ڵְλϡ
ѾˣҶ챳ȷʵҲ˵ģĻǲġ
̲סһŭ
ģԭʱ򣬲˵СӾǸͨ𣿸ĳȪĸң
ȻҶıˣǿȴΪԷͿԺԼˣ뵽˻Ƹǿʱһļ
ʲôҷ˾ͷ˵׼ţ

ž
˲
Ƿ嶼û뵽ʱĸǿȻ˵ĵ죬һﵽΪֹȻûзʲôԾĵطǻҪҶȥ
ǿ𣿡
ʱѶҵԽԽ࣬ҶʼЩֹ
Ͼ﷽ȨģǿȻ̨еģڵô˵棬ʵ̫طˡ
ҷˣҿǷ˰ɣ壬ʵ㣬ˣɣ˭ã漰Ķ̫ˣеһ㹻һٴεģİ׷̫ˣѾϱˣʵ֤ݺԣ㻹ĻǿɾͲҪˣ

ЦˣʮĴЦ
ܶ޳ܵļһȴû뵽Լߵ޳ȻôĿ¡
Ҳľֳ
˵
ˢ
еǹȻľǿĺȵ
壬ڰﷸһСϵõ˺ôˣûʸңˣСָӣǶţС񼫣һɵĻԺĺôǱزٵģִԲĻҲڰСӣ
ǸŸֳɣߣﷸǿɲɵ
˿ڽ֮УԵĴһֹƻϢ
ˣﷸǿɵΡ
ƽڸǿߵļӴĽ
ǻǹСһ㡣
ǸߵȴûмҶǰ׳գֳǾֳֳǸֳϵʵģǿԵǷˣһζĺ̨
ǾǿǿȴͨԱ£ùĻǡ
ǿ쵰û뵽һﵨӾȻôôĿŵѾڷˣȻڶȨ
žžžһ˳
Ҷ˫Ĵţ¶һĨЦ⣬·ڸǿΪʮͣҼ̫̫ˣǿģСģдģ޴ģļƷȴǾûмģ㻹ǸƷ˵ˣҪߵĻ޷סңУҲû˸ңҶ˵
ߣСӣ˵ˣ˻ƸˣгˣҲҵǿЦ
ǹҵҪСӸҲߣǿ˵Ѿеǹ׼Ҷ졣
ҷ£ĺ
ƺѾû
飡
ʱһǹ˳һҵĽŲ
ԵģССľʲôʱôķˣǲǲǰﰡȳҶ٣˭ĵӰҶҲҶôĵɪ֣˭ҶǹǾ˭Ǿԣ
ǰ
˿ʼһͷʢĲǰÿ˶ģԷֶξˣҼƻܣǵİѱġ
ҲǲǿһССľԱǣǲǣǾȻǹˣ˵ʲô˵Ѿڶˣ
ˡ
һ󼱴ٵһ󼱴ٵ죬еĶԱעˣһѪӵǾȳҶҽ˭ǵ͵ظɱ׳ָʾžžžҵĽŲֱͣĦһʱ䴫˽
һ̣˵ɫ仯Ǹǿġ
˵ˣ㲻öҵģ
Ҷٴεĳˡ
ʱĸǿɫѾޱѿֽűҲһĽӲ֪ΪʲôƺǸоҶ仰Ϥ


1814 Ƽĩ·
ⲻܵģȫĲܣ
ǿʱѾֵļ
޷ܣ޷һУԭҶҲֻһλ۵ҽˣƸҪȥ㶨ҶʱѾˣΪʲôΪʲôת֮䣬һоȻ֮ת䣿
ҲҲţӲ
飡
һӰ˸һźݺݵĽһ߷˳ȥ
˴ǵĸҶƽ֮ŰԵķ˲٣
Ҷ٣û°ɣҲǸոյĽӵϢŸ
Ȼ֪ҶʵǸ̲ס
޷
Ҷ쵭˵
ϡ
ӵŵˡ
ֻһλλֳʿѾٵĽΧ
⡭ЩǻָĶ飬ƵľӰ
Ƕ˵
ֱЩˣÿһλֱǾӢеľӢһٶΪģЩƽҲֻҪĳ²Żֵģڵĳ֣ȻֻΪҶһˣ
ߣ
Ϊ׵һ˴Ľе
ˢ
ǲܶ䣬ӵ˺;ԱȫһŵģȨˣ
һλԱĺ
飡
ǹ쳹Ϊ׵һ˿ǹˡ
ֿߡ
һȺѪʿ˿Ļġ
һ֮Ǹǿʱ˵ϣΪ֪Լһ군ˡ
ƼҺSʡͥгĶӣʮ꣬ƽˣֶβбɱӣνǻΪᣬթǹˣٵĻģϵŮˣûһλӳƵģΪȨƾ޴ټΪ˽թµ֤ᱻ丸׸úʹãˣڶû뷨
ǰУһֽһ˵ϣƼҺҲҶһֵ֮ףǿ˵ĻƸϢ

Ҷĵ˵ͷ
Ȫ˵ȷʵûνĻƸ绹ֶεġ
ĵ˵ͷ
ǵģһγ˺ܶ࣬ܶĸ߲㶼Ϊԭ򣬿ʼעһ飬ǻʡǵ۶ˡƼҵ˳࣬һֻƾ˳Ҷ٣һˡ
һݵ˵
ٶԹĵǰܴ󣬵ҪƼҺ⵹ҲǶʱ֮ھͿģڻƼҺӿǲˡ
ƼҺҲ벻˳ȣȴûе֣ΪģȻԼ޷صĶ˵֪һεĺĻ¾ǴҲҶġ
Ҳǻ۵ʱ򣬴ʱ֮ͥУҲҳһš
ƼҺʱԼıУԼ
£¶ԴҰ׵ļǱʵС棬һ˿ŮʱͷϵİڶԼԴԼƼҺܵͿ֪һʲô

Լȥʮӵʱ֮ڵŭһ漴İסŮԴٵĳ˼£塣
ԽԽˡ
ŮŶԷʵĶƼҺԵ֮ɫҲԽŨĵȼһ֧̣ƼҺ³һȦ
ߺߣǸ΢ŮˣӦ֪ʲô˰ɣĵ΢֮ˣȻҷңǸССҲԼʲôùܵ£ԼȻҲȥ̣ܽ
ƼҺЦ
飡
һ޴ײ˳
ֻǴűݺݵ߿һˣ˽
Ϊ׵һ˿ȥԼʮ߰ģӺƼҺżƣҲǲԶġ
Է֮УҲû˿еֻһֵа
֡㡭ôˣ
֮ǻƼҺ̲סĽе
гƣܷŭһץĳ嶯
SʡеҪ쵼Լ̸ҼίҲԼİ칫ңԼ˫ˣ
ץʱ䣡
ļˣ˵ڿǻƼҺ֮УҲ¶˿˿⣬Է¹ڲûÿӣԼŮϵ˿˿ɫ֮Ǹ׳յȴҲ֪ʲô
ô˵ʲôôĵӣʲôˣȻҺҰô˵ŲŵӷַӵŪ㰡
ƼҺɫһ䣬ԷȻԼӣⲻ
죡
гɫĺ
ԼĶӣⲻԼΨһһӣ˵Լͷû취ΨһΨһѪ
ϻưһΣǰﲻˣͱˣͱ찡
гһΣǺǣǰﲻģ֪㷸һôµĴ㻹֪ĶӶʲô°ɡ
㰡㰡˵ʲôأǰҾ͸ˣܺĶӣ˵˵ôôûзִ簡˵ʱҲаɣڵǺã˲õģ˰һĪе˾˵˵ô㣿аҪҴ绰ˣǲǺ죡
Ұﲻģ֪һ˭ƾΪϻƾˣ֪һΪǸ׳նӵԭڶںأҪϵˣúĶӰɡ
гԺвϵĳԼЩƽĹϵ˵ĻЩϵеǻгĳеǻг˾еĹԱڣȴûһ˿԰ﵽ
군ˣ׵군ˡ
㡭ʲôˣ
ȻѾûа취ˣǻгǴ㽫ˣڱһ˿˿ڴ
ˣ֣ʲô˼
ƼҺǰ׳գƺǸоЩԾ̲סʵӶˡ
ʲô˰ݺ˱ˣ˾˵˵
гĺ
˫Ŀһ˿˿µɷ֪ǰһԼΨһĶӣгģԼһὫ׳һڿڵҧġ

ƼҺʱķӦ˹뵽˶Էݣȴٴεķˣ
ֻ֣һССҽѣ׳վȻҵ飬Ů˵鶼Ҫ֣ȻҪ㴦ˣУЩ鲻ǰ𣿡
ƼҺǵ˵
ո궾ӻЩѡ
ž
žžž
⣬ݺݵ˻ƼҺϣгˣ׵ķˡ
û뵽ԼǻԼӵУ
˭ðΪʲôֻ۾֪Ů˰ŮŮˣ˵ٴˣҪŮǣ̫Ķ衣Ϊڷƨ֪һα˫ˣ˫˶Ƽҵ˶ˣǻʼ군ˣ׵׵군ˣ


1815 ɽׯ
ܵģܵģĲܣҲţҲŰ
ƼҺĺ
ֻΪгһһƵŹ򣬸Ϊݡ
Ƽ군ˣƼҳ׵군ˡ
ţ軹ţӸ߹ٴˣҪȣҪﲻȥˣһӶٵ㶮
гԽ˵Խǵģ൱൱ķŭŭ˼£ķŭ䳹ġ
ί֮󣬲ֻҪ˫ǵлŴĲϣЩ϶֤һ㣬˶ûиϢ
˵ˣʲô˵Լϱߵ˶ˣԼһǱҪ
ҪԼ׵ĸŪģȻѾ׼ԼһеԭֻΪԼĶӵ˲õˡ
ܵģСҵĺֻܶ࣬һҽһССҽôܻô޴ܣ
ƼҺĺУıϳί;
ͬʱǳȪѾ׵ĺˣĳȪǸ߹ԼģҶһûõСˣûκεԼȥ
Ȼˣһ㣬ƼҺҲǿ϶ģϾǿ˵Ҷıо޴ǻҪȥһССҽ
ȴ뵽Ҷ첻ȱǮȱȨƣȫĲȤǿȥӴġ
߰ɡ
ίվڱ漴Ļ֣ʱǵıһѾǹ롣
һΣί൱ģΪǱˣҲϽѪӵĳԱǿǻĹĺƽЩҪȥã൱ѵġ
һ㶼ھӵĴǣʸȥõġ
ĳȪҪˣȴҲԵĲܹ쵰ùġ
ƼҺĺ
ҶһȻǲ֪ģʵƼҺҲûзϣֻȥһ£ȴҲû뵽˱һĽһжˡ
˵ͷ²ʲôϽ˵ɣ˵֮һø˿
ǰƾҶ˵
ƾεĿһҶ죬ĻҪҶǷԼһ飬ֻû뵽ǣһﱳĲǰӵĿֱֲӵס֣İ⾯ֶƻԼһγ˸ֶΣȴûԼҪЧҶȻмȴԵЧһ㡣
ǺǡһΰͷΪ˸мġ
ƾ˫ĿЦķ·һֻϻǲè̬Ц⣬ʵҶ̲סƲƲͣ
𣿡
ˣҲˣû飬˵Ͻ߰ɣæġ
Ҷò׵ĲŽȰοˣʱӻ죬Ů˰ֱˮһ㣬ûûˣҶԵĿ϶һ⣬ΪֲǴǿߣǿеŮˣǿֱ̬ҶоʮֻĲѹȥһ㡣
ң׵ҵˡ
ƾûиоȴԱߵ˾ûиоˡ
˵գһʱͶڳϴԲ
ƾʲôˣǿǳĴƾƢ𱬵ĺܣ˱֮Ϊϻһƽû˵ҺԿһ仰ϣͻֹǳ֡
ǿ˵νǽٵ˵ȻʹˣΪ˴ϣ൱Ŀµġ
ǿֲúܣԴǰ˵ʱһСģ˭ǰţҶ̬ȣεĲվޱȡ
ǺǡæڲżͷڱûУȴʮĶడ
㡭
Ҷʱһ㵣ǰЦ·һֻЦ滢ϼһʵһץĸоԷЦʵ̫ˣΪһֳԶҶ̬
ðŰɣ
Ҷ漴˵һգʵ
ӣĳҩ׼˰ɣ
շɿĵ˵ͷ
ãǽȰҩŪɡ
Ҷ΢΢ĿһƾȻԷ¶˽ɫҶаԵЦ
װװҲż
Ϳ𣿡
ǽһ˷ܰҶһ£ν˰ʱ䣬ǰʱϵĹŮһһţºû˿ĲʸУνϲ񰡡
С𰡡
ҪӦʱһԵƾǲˣæĿ˵
ϣʲô𣿡
ƾЦеĿǰĽգǴȰӣý̲סĴһ£ɲҶ죬ûкͶԷаеĲϵǿ
㡭ȷҪϵ𣿡
һεĲ֪ƾ仰˼ʲôѾǴԼźˡ
ǽ𣿡
ε˵
˵أ
ƾгĺܣȴһЦеӡ
ΪʲôҪϼһأòҶҽҩˣȴϼһ찡ҺÿҪҪһ찡ѵ˵ƻֵӺ𣿡
뵽ǽһۣǽһưȴûа취ɲҺҶӣƾ˵Ӳ̬ȣֻܹһν˵
Ҷҽҽ컹е飬ܲ´ΰ
˵仰ʱ򣬽յĶڿʼˣƾеĲԹҪΪԩˡ
ȷ𣿡
ҶζĿգ̣˵
ûģϾǲˣأҲ֪ģҩİϲõģϵʱ䳤ĻҲûаտԿ϶е׻ᷢʲôġ

ҪˣЩҩĿķ˺ѼģѼһεĻǵҪʱ䡣
ǺǣСӰ˰ɣͷˣһͷȷʵֵġ
Ҷ죬ƾε˵
ԭǲô˵ģڿԼٲĻǽվҪ˰ɣ
˵˵ɣʲô飿
Ҷ컺Ц
˵󲻴󣬵˵СȴֲСһѣأ˺þ˺ûѹڵҺά˵һΡ
Ҷ쿴һۣ˵
ҵշѿǺܸߵġ
ƾЦ
۸ϣѡ
Ҷĵ˵ͷ
ʵϣǮҲûжģֻû취Ҷ첻ǮĻ˵һΣǰ׸ɻӿǲġ
ʲôʱߣ
ҶĽ̵ӵһͰ漴ʵ
ڣҵɽׯҲ


1816 ż
ɽׯǲУŵǰʮǰׯ԰ˡ
Ϊס֮УûһǷǸǮȨһأҲˣ˵ÿһλǶŶòжˡ
֮ĵλôĸߣΪĻ˼ɾ֮⣬ԭȴĵλúܺã׳Ʒˮǿ
컯
ҶͿɽׯ⣬һ޴ʯϵĸˡ
ĸ֣õǽװΣ޴ʯȻֻĸ֣һۿȥȴ·оԼľΪ֮һ˷˲١
ﰡˮʦдģˮʦSʡĶǳķˮʦˡ
ƾ̾˵
Ŷ㵹ǶˮΪͰ
Ҷ˵
ƾȻӴʱ䲻ҶȴԸоԷָ֮ˣǹֵĸӲҲĻԺʢ
ڷˮѧ˵ճӦǲŵġ
ǺǣǰǰͷҲǲŵģºͷȴ˾ȹһΣ˵ˮҲͷӵĶˡ
ƾ̾˵
ĴһĨм֮顣
Ҷĵ˵ͷ
⡰컯ĸ֣ҲЩ£ˣĸְһֺȻĸ֮УһĨ־У׵а֮ˣĸ֣»˲䱻صĺȻġ
ҲΪһ㣬Ҷûȥˮʦֵۡ
С
ţħмһ֮в˿˿ӡ
һƾûпǸƾߵȴţħ
ţħĲм̬Ƕˮʦû˿ȤǴһִĵ׾Ͳôõĸо
һǽ
̲סƲƲ͵˵
⵹ǲܹţħǵʵ˵ؼѾﵽһ󵽵ĳ̶ˣڿ½ͨء
ţħԸĻд֣ǹٵһ̲ص⾳ҲԿԳκһ˵һֿԹͨأΧһг׵ĸıȥ
˵ֶΣȻνˮʦ˵Ŀ佱ˡ
үүǰ
һϲݳֻһˣųôﾭ
ǳʱºĳΪHZX16һ۸ĳ۸Ѿǧĳ̶ȣһмУΪ⳵󲿷ֵĵطǴֹ죬ûһֶѰĳҪúܶ࣬Լ۸Ҳ޿ɺǵġ
Ŵ򿪣ˡ
еӣһˣȴһλȥʮģߡ
˵֮ᣬȥʮ߰ģòǲףֻ۾ԴȻһλΪмıˡ
˿ƾ֮󣬱Եø飬ȻҶȴĳһ飬ʵ󲿷ֵĶעŵġ
һӣԵҪСһЩԼжʮӣԵƽһЩʲֻʺ̣һ˸վҲʯأƾĽе
үүã
Ǻǣҫʯǰû뵽Ҳˡ
ƾ¶һĨ֮ɫЦ
ȻҲʶ
һֵܣҶȻԸоĳֻǶԷѪȴһֲ̫Эĸо˫ϣҶѾԼĲ²⵽һ˿Ϣ
ҫҶûȥ⣬Է̫ĸˣ֮ⲻھƣ˵󲿷ֵʱ䶼ڳ翴ġ
ҶȤķʯ
ԷأȻϿȥǺܴ󣬵ϵȴ̵״̬ҶǱȽϿɵģΪԷز䡣
Ҳֻˣܹɾʹ¡
ңҶоĺʯڣһϢһϢݷ״̬ʱʯûг׵ĿһĻ˵þͻ˲Ϊһλǿߣٱ𵱳ҶɳҵλڶҪ²١
ʲôأ
Ҷ΢΢һ
ɳҵλڿǲ򵥣ȻҶ첻նɱˣǵʵ˵Ҳǲ׵ġ
ʯȥŶͣεܹǱأҶԷƺǻ֪ȥεʹһ
þò˰
٩٩̸ôʱ֮ҫŽԼĿ׼磬ֶĺܺãʱƼС㣬ȻûжҫȤǱ˺ӵĸоѾʼˬ
ǰþòˡ
ڸԼ֮һ˿˿ľϲ
һֺȻķӦܹݵֶΣҫУʩչĺǡ͵λ
ҶĿ˶ԷһۣһֶΪĲм
үүһҲΪ˸Ϲүүİɣ
ҫٴνԼĿ׼ƾ΢Ц˵
ǰϼһﰡѵĿȥ𣿡
˵Լĺѣƾ̲ס¶һĨǵɫ
õĵүүһΣһλרңһ˴ҵҽҽжҽһԽģ
ҫߵλ߽˵
ҽѵ˵ǶʮĴˣ
ƾɫ΢ȻǶⶭҲŵġ
Ǻǣû뵽Ȼ֪Ҷʮ룡
߿ȥ൱ĸ߰ƾǰȴҷ
ǺǺǣʮ룬ҽ綼žصĵλģû뵽ҫ㾹Ȼ뵽ҽ
ƾ¶һĨ֮ɫЦ
λǡ
ҶţħʱҫƺǸոշһ㣬Ц
Ҷޱ飬ûж˵ƾɫȴһΣҶģԼɵǺãϵڿ佱ǶҽǽҶˡ
ҲͷҽǺǣһλ˲õ᪻ʥְ
ʯ˫ĿһĨɣƺǶҶΪȤҫȴû̬ˣƾĻ֮󣬲ûϿɣǵЦ
үүͷöƭӶ֣ܶһЩȥˣû˿ı£ϲҡײƭˣүүǧҪСһ㰡
ҶЦֻ˫Ŀ֮ȴ˿˿ĺ⡣
ƾɫȴҲ
ҶԼģһڴǼʶҶҽģĺܣҶҶҲΪкøУҫĻڴεĻῪġ
룬ͷеģ
ƾЦ
ѾЩˡ
һˣģ
ƾûȤǼ̸ȥˣѡٵ뿪
ߣĹǴĺܣȴû뵽һЩҡײƭСˣҽΪЩ˵Ĵڣ𽥵ûȥģ
ҽɫЩѿ˵


1817 Ļƿ
ʮ룬𣿡
ҶԴ˵⵹ҶʲôҪƴ뷨νĶҽȻڱֹԼƭӣҶΪĲˬ
ʮ룬һڻĶ൱Ĵˡ
ƾ¶һĨ֮ɫ˵
ղΪѾֱӵĺӵҶ죬ǶνĶʮΪƳ磬ҶģӵҶ죬ȷʵΡ
Ҷҽ㲻Ҫ̫ģϾҽͷӿȫĲѷɫڶԷֻȱһ;һֻҪǵȴʱźܿͿһξ޴𶯵ġ
Ҷ΢΢һЦνȫĲں
޷飬Ҳ⣬ʲôҲֻǹ̶ѣݵʱ䣬ֻȥ׷е˶ȥϿɣȫܵģԣ޵ʱȥ׷ԼҪĳɹΪõ顭
һƾ϶ʱ¶һĨȵɫϾҶʵ̫С˵㣬ˣʹ֮󣬲ſһ㣬ҶССͣȻѾľʵĲ򵥡
Ǻǣˡ
߻ߣԼȥʮӵʱ֮Ѿһ޴ıǰ
һȥͬһԴһ㣬ǻܲΧŸֵĶϷ֣ȥһ̬Ȼҵһ˱µĵطһΪѵõ顣

Ҷ΢΢һΧȥûжˣʵϣҶ̤뵽һ˲ʱ̣͸оˣѾвڶʮĿ⳯Լ
𣿡
ҶаԵЦ
ıڣ˵ĻǿܻѣϾķǿֲͿ£൱ǿ˵һˣǾɱҲûаܹ뵽ġ
ҶоĵʮĿˣÿһλ϶һ˿˿ɷɱ¾̬ȻЩѾմѪ
ңӶԷĺУҶҲԸоĳЩһϢƳԵĴ˿˿̼
֣ⶥɱ˵Щ˵㹻ĴݻٲٵϮˣǶô͵ɱ¾ĻԵûпܴȥġ
ҶֻǼʱѾһг׵Ķ
Ҷ쵹ҲĳЩĿƾֻһţеעֻǷҶϰˡ
Ȼƾʶġ
ķǲס
Ҷ쵭˵
ⲻڿĿ佱ƾȴ΢΢һȻ֪ҶѾʲô
ǰˣ󲿷ֵĶǴӶģܶ඼ǿĹѫԼսĴǣʱڣҲİΪľܹꡭ
Ȼƾֻ赭дļ仰ѣҶȴǿԸо˵ǶôĿֲ֮ΣĻ档
ϵĵ࣬޲ǶȨޱȵԣվȨ͵˹ң˵Щ˵ĵλÿһλǶŵľͿҲ
ѹķͰȫʩôĿֲ;ˡ
ʮĿע£Ҷƾ˻߽һ
ϣˡ
һλٸɢŨҩζҩӳһȥҩζҶüͷ΢΢һȻᣬȴûȥۡ
ǺǣǰϹϼһ
ƾΪȻ뵽ԼѴʱڻԲѣвɵ˸˲١
̡
⿴ȥʮµٸкȻҶΪϤˡ
ĵ˵ͷĿһҶ죬ȴû˵ҶӿᣬӦƾСҴΪ࣬Ӧòѡ
Ϲٻû𣿡
ƾ̲סʵ
ǵģûѣﻹʱѪ
˵ʱŮǾµѾ¶һĨǵɫ
İС褣һжõġ
ƾ̲ס˵
Ҷû˵ֻĿܵװΡ
װκżֵࡣ
ϲףڲȴ൱ļ򵥣ּҾߵİҲԵü򵥵ĺܣȻһصļһ

Ҷ΢΢һȻĿһطԾ
һ޴Ļƿһ·൱ӵĻƿڷȥƺװηõģڳ˵ҲûʲôǶҶ˵ȴԵĲԾļԪ֮۵Ĺ۲£ܿı㿴ˣ˿˿Ĳ˸ⲨźڻɫϵΧĳЩɫĹâ
֮𣿡
ҶаԵ˼š
ԭҶ컹ֻΪֻĶѣڿһεǲˣҶ첻ʱ򿪿ڣϾһˣƾ˵ûжٵſԣóȻĿڣ˵Чʵ䷴
ֻҶ콫⻨ƿԵļԼС
ĿһȦ֮ҶٴεĽԼעٸϡ
ٸ졣
츾ˣ
ŮŮۣǶκε˵츾ȴԶԼصǾµĵ֮廹϶ѾŮĳ̶ȡ
͹£磬ǰһ˶ķҶĹ۲ٵ36Dֱĵزˡ
崩һװȥȻЩ󣬵һ36Dĳ£ȴ·ԵЩĽӵһջ
Ҷ첻ʥˣҴٸ㡢츾ˣžԵϲãʱһۿ֮󣬵һϲĸо
ǶԷƽ̹Сת֮Уιճһ˿ߣҶȼһ˿¶Ļ档
ģô£
ҶȻо˲ԾƺԼе仯
ʵϣҲԭ򣬻صԼĹ֮ҶѾ𽥵ĿʼӦϤ
ʧȥԭսֳʱҶһƽˣ𽥵Ŀʼһ˿仯ȸͰ׻֮ǲַ֪ĶŮžԵ
ЩȻҶ֪ġ
̡
һŲݳ
ֻҫѾԭ˹ЩһȻ͵ˡ
ҫϹһ˿ɫһ˫ĿȴпٸǲŹһԱΰ꣬治ʱ˸ţӺ޲õĽԷ׵ȥһ
޵ŮˣҫͲֹһεմȾ֮ģŮ˺ֹǧ٣ȴûһԸ˵ĳ
Ůˣѹ£ǽһô˵鰡
ҫ漴Լ۾ƾ˿ȥڿҶʱ֮ȴһĨ䡭


1818 ˣҲҽˣ
ϣҲˡ
ҫĶƾ˵
ǺǣǰǸյ
ƾЦ˵

Ҷ˫Ŀ΢΢һݣȻĿˣһ֮Уʱڳһ˥ɫģ֮ЩɫâϵıǻƿȥĻƿøӵĹ˼֡
ˡ
ҶаԵĸ̾
ȻҶжϳ֮һ󼱴ٵ˳
֣֡ôǣ֣㵹۾Ұ
ãˣ
ƾ˵ɫ䣬漴Ĵе
С褣ǿȥ
ܿȴҶ˵
Ҷҽ鷳һ£
Ҷĵ˵ͷ
Ҷҽ
ٸ΢΢һܿȴûһ㣬תǷȥ
СӡİϷûбҴϽĹɣõʱ޷ıĺ
ҫ˵
Ҷ΢΢һЦûһֱվҫߵʯȴҶ˵ͷ
ƺǶҶΪ͡
ҶҲ΢΢ĶʯЦЦˣҶ쿴ĳһ˲Էڵһ˿˿ԷԺĳ̶ȾԵĲ򵥣ܺãΪأԺԻΪһ˲õġ
ҶţǴúܣܹｨһҶνϹԽĺ
ǺܿҶȴüͷԼΧڿԼ
ԷȻֻڽ䱸ֽ䱸ȴڻɣҶһ·ƾߣЩȫûбҪĽ䱸Լġ
㣬ҩȥһ£Ȼ塢ʲݡǡ棬ҵ룬ҪϽ룬ٲеĻǳŲˣ
һ󼱴ٵ
Ҷ쵹żϤӦǸνĶҽӣҶˣҲûжٵ鷳ģǶҶ˵ȴ̲סüͷ
νϹҶڻ֪ԷһζҩȴǾԵĲܹκεҩеģǾԵĲܼӣֻǲܹӽȥġ
һζصĲҩԷԵĿ񱩡
ϹҶûмľǺȻԷѾ˺ܳʱ֮ȻҲ͵źܴ˺֮ΪԪҲǲΪġ
Ǽ棬ⲻֻǲҩˣ˵Ĵ̼֮£˵ֱӵ̱Ӷпܵġ
뵽֮Ҷ̲סĳǸȥ
վס
һȴݳ
һϣԵǾ˵ʡ
Ҷ΢΢һֻһе˳Ҷ
еһ˫Ŀ·ͻһĿҶ죺
Ҫʲô
Է൱ĲҶҲû⣬˵
ƾҽҪȥһʲô
Ҷʵ̫ˣԭҶ˵ƾֵʱϵı΢΢һɶҶҽ֮ȴȻı
ҪȥǿԵģҪ

ҶıȻһ䣬Ƿ
ȻҶ첻֪ĹأȴҲ֪ϹԵĲһ򵥵䱸ϸЩҲеģЩһǣԼ˵ƾ֮ȴ˵̬ȣҪڳ˵ҲûʲôǶҶ˵Ѿļɻ䡣
ҶʲôˣõĴ̫žǿߣҪ˵һССϹȫͳǼڵϣҶβδԸ⣬ȴҪǶǿߵһ衣
һĪ裡
ߣСӣϽĹɣﲻҪƭȻ֪Ϊʲô㣬ȴ֪һƭӣ
ҫ֪ʲôʱʯƺǴ˵ЩʲôܿȴԼ͡
Ǻǡ
Ҷ쵭ЦЦ
ѹһȺ˶Լ̬ôĶӣҲԭġ
ܺá
Ҷĵ˵ͷ
ߣϣϹʲô⣬ǲҪң
Ҷȱ෴ǣ˾͸Լİһİǣһİ˰ܹһˣΪȴΪΪ
ҶʵҪŪʲôӣȻȺ˲ϣԼҶҲȥҲȥ֤ʲôӵĲȥƾ绰
ߡ
ҶһתҪ뿪Ǿʱ򣬱ȴһ˵
ղ˵ʲô׳ҵֱСӣת̣ϣһ㲢ģǻͼı죡
˵ĻǸˡ
ʱ˿ٵİΧסҶ죬̬ǼƷ˱ȵ̬
Ǻǣܺã
Ҷ첻ŭЦȴѾŭ˼֮ˡ
ƾˣȴܵѾֻϺ
úһ£Ļ㱻ǴˣҲκε顣
Ҷ컺ؿһһۣ˵
ԷΪְȴž˾͵ң
Ҷŭ˼£һӵĴУĹҶȴҲ̽һ۵ģԷȫԼ
飡
һλ˳ˡ
Էȭͷǿ£Ȼ˿һ
ߡ
Ҷһ

֮ҶѾٵĳȣĽһ߷ɣҶҲȻŭʢЩͨˣûжٵɱġ
Ȼ򵥣
Ǿŭȵ

Ҷ˸ɿĳȭ
Աǿٶȣ͵ļУֱӵĽһȺ˸ŵˡ
ߣܺãˣҲҽˣõĲҪң
Ҷ쵭˵
´ʱˣȴһĵҶٶȾȻǵ˿ֲٶȣ˵Ǹ񻰡
ϾԼ˵ʵ֮жǶģҲᱻ䵽ġ
Ҷ죬˾Ȼû˿ĵֿ
ʱҫûпһУ˳ֵʱѾٴεĽ뵽˵㹻ҶԾͷġ
ߣ
Ҷ̤棬ĳΧһ£һĨ⣺
ΪǮΪû뵽һ
ˢ
Ҷת뿪ʧԭ
ҲҶ뿪֮󣬵ϵ˲ǿȴ¶һĨȵɫƺǶҶԽľˡ
ǻھ֮УǷȴٴεıˡ
ƾ˳
סôˣ
翴ϵĺۼ˵
ƾɫȴݺݵһ䣺
Ҷҽأ


1819 ȥ룡
Ҷҽ
ƾ˫Ŀעţʱʿɫʼһ䣬û뵽ҶһҽҴƾ̬һǵ˲С鷳ˡ
ϣʲôҶҽ
һλӴʱҲٵĴⷿ˳ɫϴŵǵɫӳ֮󣬶ʱ˵Ҳʼ΢΢һ䣬ҫ·Ǳһһ㣬̬ӣô·һ֪һ޶
ϣСӾܾһִǡ
еһ̲סĽеȻ˵һЩˣҲΪԼ׳룬˵Ҳʼüᶨ
ƨ
ƾŭĺ
һԻĿ֮Уʱ˿˿ɷʱƾúһ޶ϻ
֮֮ߵķ緶ʱйޱ
ƾȻֻŭ֣һɿֲɷȴʼȻ֪ǰߣֻһͷӣΧȴûһ˵ȥǰһڴʱʼЩ˫Ŀ˸ȻǱƾסˡ
ͷԴˣϹĳϹ϶δǾ֪ӣ֪Ϊ붯СӣͷҺķ˶ΪϲͷӺȥǸһڣˣӺˣȤ˰СӱǺˡ
ƾǽһŭ
ͬʱԼΪҲһŭĺܣԼٽʱ򣬾͸ðҶҲȥġ
ơϣǲȥһҶҽɣ
εĿЦ
ȥ룿ǺǡϹƣҲ㶺˰ɣ㣬˺ȥˣ㻹𣿡
ΪϹƵɫһ䣬þλ˵˶˵ƾ˵ȴʵʵţСʱԼûٱǰͷǱԼĸ״Ĵ࣬ƾԼǶ԰һչˣŭϹȴҲ˿ĲеĻҲ޷ڸǵġ
ϴˣҪ˭Ĺأ
ϹƵɫޱȵĶ˺
ǡ˵һ̫Сһƭӡ
ȻʼЩԺǺܿڿҫ֮ȴڵķӦ˹
æĿ˵
ڱƾҫʱɫ΢䡣
жʿѾŭΣʱȴǸ÷ŭʱΪƾϹΧ˶ʼ˹ȥ
ϹٲҲΪϹүүĲ룬ǸһͿȥʮոյĳͷˣ̥Ҳкܸߵҽѧ谡
ߡ֮ܣ֮ܰ˲ţһСԴĦģӺϹŹĽ飬֪˼ʮʱ䣬ѵӻϹ۵ҵһȥϹע𣿰
ƾʱνǻ˼£ֿڶˡ
оƾǷŭϢ˿ǴҴϢһΰ
һΣҶ֪ƾĻˣǷŭ̬Ĵֿڣǲ壬޲˵ˣʱƾѾΪϻ˭ĻǾǵùҪˡ
үүɣΪүүĲ븶ŬǿԵģ
ʱһ
ֻϹߵһ˵
ϸ˵һ֮ӡ
ԷȥԼʮ˾ģԴɬϣʱѾһĨĻߣźܿͻɳġ˺ϹżƣԷϹƵĶӣϹϹ
㡭
ƾ¶һĨĳɡ
֨
Żرˣڳ˾Ϊ֮һ
ֻǶҽһƣ֮ɫĴ߳ϵĺˮ
ҽôˣ
ҫæĿʵ˵ⶭҽϹκõĻһжֵõģᱻϹټӣ෴һΪϹټҵϱ
Ϲһο൱鷳ǹŹ֣Ӧ൱ʢģʵȴˣͺý죬ʵڲֻһƬֽѣϷֻöʮ뽫ĲȶղŵһδѪԪǴһΣٲȥѰҵʲôõķϷĶʮʩչҲֻѣû̫ʵԵõġ
ҽǸô죿
Ϲ̲סĽеҲʼŶҽ˹ȥ
ϹĲ̫ˣϷҴĶʮ룬ʵϷֻ룬ѾȫʧˣȻ˵ҵ֮֮Ϊʮ룬ʵϣʣµǺԼ޸ȥģ˵ܹӵʣµ룬Ϸкܴİգǡ
˵ҽѾ¶һĨ֮ɫ
ж೤ʱ䣡
ƾؿ˵
һһҹʱ䣬ʱ䣬Ϸٸʩչһģյʱ䣬һٴεĸˣҺǹŹ֣Ϸֻˡ
ĳⶭҽһλҽңһһΪԼҽΪԼıи
ȥϽȥ
ƾĽе
죬ֻʱˡ
ϣ뵽ҶҽҲδػĿԡ
ҫ̲ס˵Ǻܿģȴ̲סҪԼվһơ
̫ǷˣⶼʲôʱˣԼĻŭ
ȥҶҽ
Ϲڵ̲סĿ˵
⡭
ƾЩˣƺΨһİ취ˡ
Сһƾż룬һλ߶Сﲻһӵʱ;ȻˣҲⲢǲܵģ
ҽƾĻɫʱһ䣺
ϣ˵ǸҶҽǸϵǸꣿ
ƾĵ˵ͷ
üκõ߶
ҽŵʵ
ϷҲ֪ȴԿ϶Ÿ룡
ŸȻŸҳ֣Ҳʮһ벻ɰ
ʱĶҽȫûиղŵֽ˹ҶϢ֮Ķʼ
ʮһǲǾ˵ҽҪǿһЩ
Լ׵⣬⣬εΣϹҲһ¡
ϸ˵ǵģĶ٣ųĴϷڣΪһһ룬ѸٵʩչٴΣֻǶ̶̵һӵʱѣԽ˵ٶԽ죬ϷļҲ޷ﵽֲεġ
ҽƺǶЩ⣬Ĵ𸴵
Һһȥ
̿˵
Сùáȥ̫ðɣ
Ϲ̲סü
߰ɣ˾ˣƢ̫ļˣ߰ɣ
̽Ľе
ãȥ
硭
һĳ˵ﴫ
΢΢ӣҶεĿЦ
˭ڱҰһλ


1820 㿪ǹԣ
ǻĹˣǼٻNNDȻƭƷүǾԲˡġ
ƷΣȴ̲סĽеĴݺݵس˼ڡ
ڣ⣬ڻĹĹƻ൱ԵģҪȥ鵽ϺõĴ飬Ǿ͵ȥ⹺ġ
Ҷ쵭˵
ţүǸо⻪Ĺ̲ݾͲϺ̣ζȻզأ徢νع̶ҪõĶࡣ
ţħĽ̾ˣરવĳš
ѾϲϺ̣ǽһûûˡ
ߵĳ鷨˳ͱֲĶظʴȫˣ߶Ǽ֮ˣ˵һͲǸˡ
ⶾػûнȥԼڣ˲ıѾǿеĴΪˡ
Ҷĵȼһ֧ع̣뵽ԼڵֿУǰ˵롣
Щع̣ÿһǳǧҪ򣬶൱ѵġ
νмУ˵ڵҶ쵹ҲΪ㡣
ôʱˣĲҲǲˣȴûзκεһˣܹҵѪˣȻҪѰҵˣ
ҶԴϧ˼š
Լ˫ףԼҪҵģԼܿͻ뿪ģʱٴεĽ뵽֮УԼź뿪´ΣԼ֪ǲǿٴλˡ
֨
һ̶ĦͻȻĴ洫
Ҷüͷ΢΢
ǳֵĦҲֻһϴԼ߰ĳ̶ϡ
Ҷ硭Ҷ磬˺öˡ
ȴžֵɫҶ
û£ȥ
Ҷ찲ο

Ҷҽɡ
һԴۣȴ߰쳣
Ҷüͷʱĸء
Ϥˣ֪Ѿڿʼ΢΢ŭļˡ
ֻһ˴ĵΪ׵һˣмҶ쵹ʶġ
ҫʯһӡ
˵Ҳ
Ҷּ֣ˡ
ҫɹһ޵ЦҶ˵
ǰּˣֻû뵽ô졭
Ҷ΢΢ĵ˵ͷؿ˵
ҫˣҶȷʵǲϲԷα̬ʵ̫˵㣬Ҷļʶطαȫ
𣿡
Ҷ쵭˵ĳ˵
ҶҽɣҽϹһȥүүҲ֪үү֣Ϲһľͷ
Ϲؿ˵
ϹȻᣬʮѣһһȴһĸ߰ͰԵ֮·ʲô˶Լһ㡣
𣿡
Ҷһ˿⡣
ٴοڣ
ǹʲô飿
ľͷΣҶں𣿴ȻǷ񶨵ģʲôˣ߸һĴڣϿΪΪܹѹסĴڣȺˣȻǲģνľͷţһ򱶣Ҳ⡣

Ϲû뵽Ҷ쾹ȻĵԼүүݣҶҽЩȴҲȻҺԼԿģϾЩ˵Ҫ㶨һССǾԵĲķѶġ
СӣҪҵǰڳһһȵӣ㣬ҿͼڣܾԣҪҽΣǾȥҽΣ벻ȥҽΣͲȥҽΣ˭Ҳܲңûʸ񣡡
ҶĻش𲻱
ҫ΢΢һһεӣҶЦ
Ҷ֣ΣɲҪ°Ҫ֪һҽε˿Ϲǰݺǿµģһ飬ĵùˡ
⻰ȥƺȰҶ죬ʵȴɿ𣬸һת뷨
ҫһαЦݰɣӻǿЦҪŻ
ҶʵܲһһٵЦݣ˵

ҫû뵽Ҷ쾹Ȼôֱӡ
νֲЦˣҫݺͼֺǿ󣬻û˵˵Ķ
ʱҶһʱ˵νɫ࣬ڣ
ܳһССҽȻҲôĲӻǵһεļôҽСӣǲǲлˣ
սϴĽǣ޲ϲӡͷСھϹȻҲѧƺһһӵĽ
˵˭ӣ
Ҷüͷ΢˫ĿĿϹȵ
ľſڱտװBСƨ
˵ľ㣬СӣΪԼе㱾¾˲ˣʵ㣬Ƽ㣬ӻķŵǵҴǵˣҲôˣ㻹ʶȤĻǾͲҪǶ㶯֣
Ǿӣھҵ磿
ҶаԵĸ̾
Ҳ·ͷ
ҶЦһ˵
߰ɣȥɣͷӵĲǾԲȥҽεģ
ݣ˵ô࣬Ϊں˵Ц𣿡
ϹƢǻ𱬣ʱӳһˣٵΧסҶ졣
ӴǣǸЦֻ˵ٵģҽģͷһصļ
ţħƷЦĴ߳Цݲϵչ
ߡ
Ҷĺһ
ȷʵǺ
ҴҵҪСӵжͣΪڸ˲𣿡
У
ţħƷһٵĳ֡
ߣţħȻǲ˵ϵ㹻ĳκ˵Ϊħ̥޷ǿ
ƷȻ࣬ϵҲ㲻̫ĿֲȴҲų˵ĵز֣߳ǲ
Ϲˣߵĺ֮£ѸٵӵʱУ㽫ǳ׵ĸ㶨ˡ
⻹ΪţħƷһһˣڽеģʱ򣬿գ۵ʱͿԽˡ
߰ɡ
Ҷ쿴ŵϵЩˣؿ˵
Ϲһĺˣû뵽ԼЩˣÿһλֱеľӢ𣬵ȴ˵ûйûйΪҶߵţħƷ̫Ŀˡ
ž
ǹ
ϹȻĴԼóһǺɫɫ󣬲ǹʲô
ҶһȻ
Ϲټңаǹͳ
Ȼ򵥣ҶѾղű
УһȺʿͶǹˣڵϹҲǹˣǾڶڶǹȫĲⰡ
Ҷ˫ĿźâվϹǰȻϹߴ󣬵ȴƺһָӵ̬ڳϹȥ
ǹб£㿪ǹԣ
䣬֮׹߰һӺ
㡭㡭
Ϲûио˿ʰѹ
Ҳʱһ̶ĳĦٴεĳ֣
Ϲʲô


1821 ʥ
Сùá
֮ԭϹʱѾʼȻ˵ݱҶӵ¡
޾ףʮʣ츾ģôһˡ
̣
ҶϵŮˣԷò·Ǽˣǵġ
Ҳˣ˵ŮˣҶҲʶģǶԷʣŮ˵еģڵ˵ǾǼŮ˫ʣӸһ
Сùã
Ϲе
ž
̶ϹһƣĿ˿˿ĺ
үүڶʲôˣ㻹ʱȥǲΪԼڿˣҾβˣ
ƺ뵽ʲôһ㣬ȥ첻µزµϹʱҲ̲סĴһ£
ûûУùãԵûС
ûУǹ㶼ͳˣѵ˵㻹ҷϣ
һԵҫΪ
̣һҲܵܵԭʵҽ̫ĲˣҳԲѷĺܡ
̵ü΢΢һسҫ˹ȥ
ӣŷۺɫĹĻߣôʮȻʱ˴꣬ȴΪŭԵʣɵ΢΢ϡ
˵ĶʱΪ֮һ⣬ʱŭ֮£ֳһĻߣһҪȥУ⹵뷨
褡̡
ǰŮ˿Լһǿע£ҫƤٺ񣬵ǴʱȴҲЩϹҲסˡ
Ϲټҵ飬ƺûжٵϵҪ죬ҽѵϹټҵСʲôҲҵǰΪҳ
ɴࡢ˿ûԡ
ҫʶ˶թ飬ȴҲԵû뵽Լһ˱֮£һջᱻֱӵıһ¡
ϾǴˣԼԸȻϹټһ˲٣ھһᣬ뵽֮ҫɫȻ࣬ȴ¶һĨЦ⣺
ǵģ˵Ķԣ
Ц⣬ޱȣҹ
ΪϹ褣ϹСŮټ϶һ˽⣬Ѿ뵽һε鵱УҫռݵοǲСģĻҶҲᱻ˸ϳġ
Լĸ׻ڲΣ֮Уҫ˾٣еԭҲǲԶġ
ߡ
ϹûԷ漴Ҷ쿴˹ȥ
ҶҽϹһСҪ̫ϣһΣصҪֻ֣Ҫ֣ʲôǶԴӦģҸôûôһҪǡ
Ϲ褴ſ֮ɫҶ졣
ǰҶҽղҵĲԡүүû̫ĹϵصĳһΣ
Ҷ΢΢һʵϣԭҲرϾԼҲֹˣҲͰˣֻû뵽ǣԷȻٴεԼȥһˡ
ҶʵĲȥġ
лƾһӣϾԼܹӾ֮гҲкܴһԭΪƾԵʵġ
ͨ
ϹȻͨһ˵ϣ
ҶҽˣղŵȷʵҵĲԣҪҪһҪȾүү
Ϲһӵܣϸ˵һ൱竵ļһĻССҲȥѧŶǹˡ
Էȴ൱ľ˵ģϹҲûϹСһ첻µزµģû뵽Ҳзӡ
ҲգʹաƷȥʰһ£տȥһΣ
ллл
Ϲ褼ĿҶ죬ԭΪҶҪֺܳһʱ䣬ĽǲӦȴû뵽Ϲһ򣬾ȻҶͬˡ
СӣɣжϥлƽԺҪ͸һϲţ
Ҷ쵭˵
ǡǵģ
ϹʻǲģֻΪһЩѡ
ʱҫֱӵı˺ӵˡ
ܿ죬һж׼ˣҲ֪⻹⣬Ǿǵ󿪳֮ҫû
硭ǻȥ𣿡
ʯص˵
ءΪʲôȥҵҪСӵжܹ˻ǸϹ褣ˣ㻹ԵɪǵȵϹ϶֮ҵҪϹټһʲôֵýʱ
ƺ뵽ǸʱΣģҫѾ𽥵ıһģˡ
վһԵʯû˵ֻڿҫʱ֮ȴ¶һĨ֮ɫ
ֻǶԷģȴҫ֪ġ
Ҷҽͷӵʧ󰡣͸ðһȥġ
ոУ͵ȺʱƾһЦ˵
Ҷĵͷ˵
ȿ˰ɣ
룡
˼æ˿Ҷһơ
Ҷʵ̫ˣȻ˵ƾƳ磬ȴΪϵԵʣٵɣеһλϹټڵȨϹơ
ʱҲѾﻢˣϾԼĸһֱ״̬ˡ
ˡٴεļҶ죬չϹĶҽʱϹϾĶҶ
ͷе˼
Ҷһ۱㿴˶ԷͼЦ˵
Ҷҽ֮뻯֪֪һɷĦһһʱϹټҵĲ¶һĨ֮ɫϹƷˣĴĦţʮҲǴģڣȷʵһһ
ǾͿıˡҶĵ˵ͷ
ҽҶûжʱվҪеģʧȥ˴УǾʧȥ˴ڵļֵֻܹһʱȴһ
ǣ
ҽĵ˵ͷ
ҶĿһⲡϵˡ
һȥ߰ʮģߣļѾ𽥵ڿʼγһֵή״̬ˡ
ɺ֮Уûˮ֣˫Ŀţ촽Դ˿˿ĻҰɫҺѾ𽥵΢
ԽԽ
˵룿Ҷ쿴ϵһ룬Ŷҽʵ
ǵģ֪ʲô𣿡ҽæĻش
Ҷĵ˵ͷûʲôԣ㲻ϺãȴһϢʱ䱣֤ԼûȷʵЩֶΡ
ˣô˵ԼҽһӳȥˣǶҶ죬ȴ뷨
͡
֡
˭ҲûпҶϵײŶٸ룬ӵ޷γֵģ֮¿ǵǰ·ǳһƬɫӰӡ
ӰڲϵĻûĹâһƬڵĹâ
ˡ
ʮ
Ķʮ룬ӱ뵽ߵڣ˾㵵һĻˣߵ棬ʱȻٵĳһĺ֮ҲһĨɫѪҺ


1822 ̣
⡭ǳڼǱܣҾȻﵽ˶ʮϵĳ̶ȣʩչʮ롭
ҽ¶˾ɫ޷ŵĿҶ죬ΪܹУΪֵļˡ
ǰҶ죬ڿһһ㣬ҲԹ֣ȫҲﲻʮĳ̶ȣ̸϶ʮֲǵˡ

һԴϢĴߵﴫ˳
֡
үү
֣
˶ʱϲĽ
Ҷ΢΢ü
ûֻ꣬Եһ˿ϢıܷӦѣڽҲ
Ҷҽ˼˼
˼æĿʼǸڣҶȥСǰȥļһȥᣬǳȴޱȣֻתۼѣȻѾϹ˴ȵĸı䣬㱾£ǳ˿ӵкʹﵽģ
ҶʱȴȥˣֻϸϸĿϹƺЩˡ
һӡʮӡСʱ
ʱһһĹȥˣʱԭ飬ʱҲʼЩ³
ôʱˣҶ컹֡
ѵٴγʲôʲɣ
е˼
ͻȻ䣬ҶЦ
ĳط˹ȥ
Ǹƿʲô˷ŵģ
ҶͻȻָһط˵
Ǹλϣһȥ൱ӵĻƿذڷӵΧװΣȥͻأ
ҶҽҸ׵Ĳʲôϵ𣿡
ϹЩʵ
ҶЦһ
ûжٵĹϵֻǿԽһ˵һ룬Ǹѡ
ʲô
һʱǿʼʱҶ쵨ô˵ûм˻ȴһˣҶҽֶѾڳˣҶҶıѾ˽⵽ˡ
ҵˣүү֮͹ģ
ϹͻȻĿ˵
ôģͿҵ˲ģڿѾϹټǻˡ
Ϲ֮дһְԵƦȻСҲǸʡ͵ĵơ
Ҷҽ׼𣿡
ϹƱϾȨߣȻĲᵥƾҶһ֮ʾͺҽȻѾҵޱȵˣȴҲóȻжģûҵһĸϹټҿ԰⵹ԷҲүӳͷġ
ϵĻģ̫İˣ󷨡黭֣Ķ̳ܶ࣬кͷȥȴ٣ٵĿҾˣǺܶĶҲδصĻ·ϡ
Ҷкżˣ⻨ƿ̧
ʱѾԽĿ⻨ƿǿ˰ȴûпеʲôͬĵط
ҶЦ˵
ǲǸо൱Ĺӣ⣬һȻУ
ҶЦ˵
Ȼ˵ûжٵİãȴҲóϣһеļƷ
ϹΪϿɵ˵
ԣ
ͻȻϹ褽ϳ޷ŵɫ
Сãôˣ
ϹƵɫ΢䣬æĽе
ԣԵĲԣ
Ϲ褿϶˵չָ⻨ƿ˵
ֹ͹ʱԴֲڵģȴϸľˣҿ϶ԭǸƿǿʼʱһĥɰĸоָֻоȴһ㶼оˣеֻһϸޱȵĴУ·һһ㡣
Ҷ΢΢һЦ
ž
ָ⻨ƿָᵯ
꣡
⻨ƿѣʱģ⻨ƿıϣһͼسˡ
һǷǹϳƬţһѪϢǿҵƻΧһɫζţʱУÿһε̬øǿ֡
⡭ʲô
˼ʶ㣬ڳεļһҲ̲סĴһ¡
ƾϾˣļʶ㣬֮֮Ѿŭ⣬ɫҲ
ôĵĻ棬ֻһطУһΡû뵽ǾȻٴεҪ𣿡
һ仰˵൱΢ҲֻҶܹˣҲ֪⻨ƿ̵ĵʲô
СĲȴĶϢѾҶоĳˡ
Ҳ黹ˡ
Ҷ
֧㲻ùܵ飬ҪΪУ
һݵҶĶߣˣû
ҶļԪ֮΢΢˸һ˿ââеϢżԪϢȻıȥ
ֻǻƿϹﾹȻͬһ㣬ſͣҶȥǻûпҶ죬ֱӱԪ֮۲Ŀ˲ɵĸɸɾ
͡
Ҷָ΢һɫٵȥ˳ҶָϹϡ
ۡ
ĳ֣Ϲ͵Ĳ˼£һںѪҲ˳
ͬʱھĲԶһҲվ
ģӡˡҫеĽָɫĺ
һöֳָɫڽָ϶ˣһ̺ɫľʯѾ׵ѵˡ
ѰҽĲԽϼһκãһΣ뵽ˡҫһŭ˵
ˡ
ʯص˵ͷ
ߡ
ҫѸٵ뿪ͬһĳԶ뿪
֧ˣȻһȺС
һ
Ƕ𣿡ڣڶ֣ʱ̣Ҫȵõʱӡǲ򵥣ȴ˻ˣ˵иˡ
ߣƾ̵ẦǲɣٴεĴһм


1823 ı
ǺǣҶֵܣһǵллˣĻͷһλͦȥˡ
һˬʵЦݳǱ֮УֻҶһĺȲ졣
ʱϹȫû˸ղŵһϢ̬෴Ǳԭӵͻ
Ҷ첻ʧȥ黹ΪһľһȻۣȴǿĺܣ㹻ʮ֮ڰٲ֡
ֻǾ֮ͶѣҲΪþˡҶǵȻ
⻰ȥΪϳɣһָ߸ϵ̬ϹȴһҶĻֱӣǶθڡ
үҲӵ߰Ҷϵܡ
Ҷ΢΢Ʒһ֮󣬲ŷ˱ӣ˵ϣ˵˵Ŀɡ
һεʵĲ򵥣Ҷ⻨ƿжԸоСϢƾҲԿĳⶫ
һΧ֮˵ϱҲʼⶭҽޱȣϾҫģôһְ׵ɡ
ͷ޷ģֻһöӶѣǿеĲҽκεһҽⲻµĶƣĳֻ֣ΪܹϴɣϹټҶѡ
Ҷεȵһ۱㿴˶ҽΡ
ǰҽһδ㡣
ϹΪڵļȻҲķִ磬ǶҽȻ˵ҽҲҶǿᣬȴҲ˼еģ򲻵ѣõĻǲҪ
࣬Ϊһסƾϴ˿˿⣬ؿ˵ϹͷһΣСҪˡϹĵ˵ͷǰ©ĺңȻչʷ̶̵ʮ꣬ʮʱУõĶȴԵĳһļ壬ȵسΪ˶ţĵҲеģֻû뵽˹ϵĺˣȻҲᱻС©ϹϴһĨŭһĨ˿˿ɷ
ȻݺɳϾˣʱѾ˴ŭˡ
߲߲һǻǵöһһϹͷˣȻ룬ǹҵһҲûˡƾҲ¶һĨЦݣЦȴ·һֻ΢Цеϻ˵ı̹ǡ
ҵ飬ҶҲԸȥ̣ܽϾں쳾쳾ķҲֻܹȥĽһ¶ѡ
СпյĻǸȥһˡ
Ҷ߳˱ؿ˵
Ϊ£ҶٶҲ죬ӵ˵Ҳһβѡ񣬲ҶԽߣΧĻȴҲƺڿʼĳֱ仯
ΧϢĿʼЩһֵƺǽ뵽һֻ֩Ķһ㡣
Ҷͥ˿ûиоһš
ǵٴε߶˰֮һ֮УһɵĽ˳֧ˣ߲ģҶ˫ֱվǰһС
ʱҶΧѾ׵ĸıˡ
ֵʧˡľʧˡе˺ȫûˣֻеƣ·ҪΧһжڸסһ
𣿡Ҷһ
ҪΰǻĵĻȽϣһŭ
ǻģߣǻ͵ѧļвĹһûе֮ҲͼһĵľѧˡҶ˿ĲԴϬޱȡ
͡
ӰٵĳҶǰ
ˣÿһλףȫס˫Ŀ֮⣬ûһ˿طп϶ġ
ϵ·ҲǲһɫǴŽľˮеɫ
Ȼ㹻Ԧеġ
ҶҲǵϸоһֵ֮ʼֻĲ˵ʵЩϡ
ңϱҵĺܣֱͲһεġ
СѾʼЩѳֲסˣȻһ֮У˴ĵĳ֣ҿǵǻζˡ
Ҷû˿ӵĿˣм˵
ߣǵͨ˸ģǻĹȷʵҲһֵǿߣֻǾԲǵĴڣǻĵЩ˽˺һΪľ죬չض˯һαչҲʮꡭ
ǾʹЩԪѫֽţǲϵ߽߲𣿡
Ҷ˫Ŀ𽥵ķ˿˿ĺâ
СӣܴȴֺܴǵǴģóȻĽûн֧˸෴ǻǵѪԺ־ڲһˣǸı˼ƻܣĿܣӣ˵һ㣬ȻҴǵļƻʵǸ
ˣҪôķϻˣСｲôķϻҲֻ˷ʱ䣬ϽĽȻɱϹټңߣңʵ̫ˣ鶼ã
źɫ׵ȻһţĻ˵꣬ʱĺȵ
ǣ
СȥɣҪǣҪֵĻ͵ùĹҲԣ˭㲻Ǹ߹Ĵ۹أ
͡
һɫĺâѸٵĳҶǰ˵еˮ֮߳ˡ
ָû߶һĹâ漴ĽҶΧ׵İΧļ̲ϵΧҶ쿪ʼȻ㽫ҶĽ档
ѪΣǶô
ˮ֮ߵ֮дһֽǱ̬Ĳ
Ҳôã
һİͻȻ֡
ʲô
˴󾪣ȴû뵽һӰһţɿĳˮ֮ߵǰҶһ
оô
Ҷ죿ȻҶ죿
ʲôʱı˪̵İΧгģ
û˿û֪
Ǻܿˮ֮ߵȴ׵ı˪̸׵İΧҶ΢ʱƿһļ̣
Ҳһɣ˵Ҳ˼

ſ
˸£
ϣ
ʣµ˾ŭޱȣ׷׵ͳԼҶ
֪Ķƾ㱰΢Ҳͼҽа𣿡
Ҷָ΢ٵ˸
ʱָ·ǰĳǵǰûеȵǷӦʱҶѾվﲻٶˡ
ǵü֮УһָϸĶڻѪ
⡭ⲻܣ
˵зĺһеʵȴڸǣһжʵġ
΢΢һҶ㽫˵˹ȥӵĻǾˣֵĻǵʬ֮ҶѾʼۿǵļ䡣
ٸҪ𣿻мĹңҲʼ˼ƻ𣿱ŷĺ𣿡
Ҷ𽥵Ŀʼ˿˿⣺
ðǿɣӵĻƺҲ̫ˣ뿪֮ǰǾҷһѰɣ
Ҷƿգʧԭ


1824 T
İġİģҺİ
ƷĵĳŴ飬ŵԣʱĲԼıѪǲĵƷһڲϵĽš
ҶڿУ̣ãޱ߼ʵǳȿŰӹ磬ò˵ֶʮǰټĵӾ磬ȻСѾͷ޵ȥҶЩ
͡
ӻ͵һתȻһ岥š
˳Ļϡ
ðҪΪؼʱ̣
ûԹҲ𣿸ôʱ䣬СѾͷżҲѧ˼ֿڣȻ˵ɴ˿ɼһ岥ŶĴǺεȵľ޴
Tнһǰʯչᣬʱ
ҶĵĿ档
ǵСѾͷĽĿһһȴʼջһ岥ʱڷˡ
Ӧǹˣûһķãûܹġ
ҶЦ˵
ȴҲһ˿˿⶯
Ĳȷʵ٣û£ȥпҲǺõġ
ʯչ𣿡
ҶϵľʯɲԵĻ֪㲻ʯأ
ȻӵģҾ֪ӵġ
岥˵֮ǹѪİӾٴεĳˣǳȼеһʱҶٴζһֽ
̫Ѫˡ̫ѪˣôѪľ龹ȻҲҲ³ˣ
һᣬһӵ
Ҷ죺
Ҷ٣ĵ绰ʱƷ˽ֻҶ˵
룿ҶĽӹ绰ȴ֣һİĺ룬ԸȻֻȴҲֻм֪ϵʽǲеġ
ιҶ죡Ҷ컺ؽ˹ȥﵭ˵
ҶҽϹ褡
һĵޱĴ˳
㰡ҶȻǵŮˣŮ˿ȥֻһ򵥵Ůӣʵϴȴ൱ֶΡ
ϹټңһĲҵľӪάģ˵Ϲټҵھӣֲҵ۹ǾǳϹ褵С
ܹһŮӵݣһӣɲѰܹ顣
ǰҶҽϴ뿪̫æˣǻûüúõĸмһһص͹⡭绰һͷϹϴһ˿˿ĺ֮ɫ˵
õϹټҵҵ۹ƿߣͷȻ˵Ŀ绰ݳȥĻԿΪ֮ɱӡ
ʱϹҲаԵĽߵĺܣ˵ȥЩ죬һŮڹһλһ㡣
ԷˣѾаˡҶ쵭˵
аˣϹ褵΢΢һȻǶش൱Ĳ⡣
ղûһ岥𣿾˵TҪһʢʯչᣬ뵽ʱȥҶ뷨ղҲֻ˸˼¶ѣȴѾ
̫ˡҶҽǵʱ
û뵽һȻûиҶ˿Ļᣬֱӵһ󻶺֮˵绰
ѵ˵ϹټҲ׼һTеʯչ᣿
ҶЩζ˵
ʯչ𣿡Ҷٴεľ׽⼸ۣǸоƺЩԾΣûжٵĹϵĶǮƣ飬ˣҪѰҵԼˣһεչʲô۶ӣҲġ
TпвԶһʮȻչĳУԭTֻһСУҪԴûԴҪûвǵȴһصĿʯ
Щʯͷԭֻһһѻһ𣬵һżȻĻ£ȴ֣Щʯͷ澹Ȼżֵǵı
䣡
ЩʯͷȻЩԭʯ
ֶʱҲ˿ʼϲҲǣTеЧʸߣĵõϢ֮󣬱㿪ʼȥչʯͷҶڻ
Ȼ˵ߵõĻǺܶ࣬ȴҲ׬ԼҪĲƸߣTеľҲʼɿķչ
ž
Ҷĳ̣ӳ
ΧˣԭҶѾ߹һεʯչĿ᲻٣ĻԼǵ͹һεӰˡ
Ҷҽ𣿡Ҷ컹ھʱһϲҶһഫ˳
öǲ׵ĺܡ
ҶתȥֻһȥԼڶʮģŮڳԼ
Էòףĸһ·ҡҷˣ˲˵ע⡣
ڿ˶Էĳ֮ȴΪ֮ȴˡ
ZXGһ³ĳӣڳϻķ棬ѾʯϵееļƷˡ
ֵϸ޷ơ
ҺܶˣҪ򣬶δʸȥ򵽵ġ
ǣҶ΢΢һȻĿԿĳΧѾвٴĽʺԼļһ
ģΪʯչԵʣľƵ궼Ѷģˣ֮ǰǶѾźˡ
ŮЦݿ˵
Ҷĵ˵ͷðɣǾллˡ


1825 ֮ʯ
TȻķչڣҪطվס˽ŲҲ൱ѵġ
ȻӿʼҶ֪ϹŮ˲򵥣ǵļʶ֮ҶŰԵĿ϶Ůʮһš
Ҷվһ޴ľƵǰһ·ΪڵŮѾƵĴһ飬Ƶ꾹ȻϹTеһֲҵ
һҵ˺ܶĸҵ
ʲôطTУһT֮Ϊ·ˣｨһ޴ľ¥²ֻҪǮϵʹˣҪϵȡ
ҶҽϹٶѾΪźס޵ķ䣬Ƕؼ׷
Ҷ΢΢ӣڵ̲סĶҶ챾ԽĺϾҶʵ̫ˣԼȥҪҪһġ
Ϲ褵ָʾȴ൱ȷҶźĺúõģҴ֮лһֺã
ѵ˵СϹٶµġС
̲סĿҶЩ
ò˵ҶȥΪϸ壬Ȼ˵һȥûжٵɱŹ۲ʱ䲻ϳȻһԽԽͿ뷨
߰ɣ
Ҷ΢΢ĵȼһ֧̣󵭵˵
á
ڵ΢죬Ҷȥ
ϹֻΪҾĸףұʾʾ𣿡
Ҷڴϣ˼ţҲҪȥ˼ھԵǰϹټʲô뷨ҶҲڵһʱֵġ
ڶգ
ʯչʽĿʼˣϹƺΪæµ֮ǰֻǺҶԵĹε绰˵ûмҶ˵ȴûκεĲף෴ǣû˸ߣ˲١
ȻҪҶ󣬵ҲԼĹԽҶһֻ֮ѡ뿪ˡ
ǣǰӷˣ
ҶĽŲĿʼ߶ߴһ󾪺֮УƺǴ޷ڸǵĽʺ޵
˵֮£ҲȾ˲ٵˣﲻϵĽš
ȥ
׳գڶʲôʱˣȥ𣿡
Уϰ壬ó˵һȥ˵ͻٴδǰ
ҶĿһȥֻһȺΧһԭʯʲô͸ԭʯĿԭʯڲһ͵Ĺâ˸
ʯǽеȤе˿һ죬Ϊ̣еȴһΪϣ˵ʯǺܿµ顣
һԭʯˣʱҲ΢΢ĲţǹһѾ¶ˣȥĶȥܿܣԭʯļ۸񽫻ʮ˵һȥϵˡ
޷
ҳϰ壬ƷøΣ
һ󸹱˵߳
۸Ҳ̫˵ɣ
ǰѾˣƭƭ˶ѡ
ϰ壬ҳ򡭡
ҳ򡭡
Ҷ΢΢һЩ֣ڳ˵֣Ƕ˵ֻһֶѣûʵԵļֵ
գһƷԭʯ߰ʮļ۸ˡ
⵹һǮĺ÷
ҶƲƲ͵˵
ܿȴԴû˶¡
Ҫ˵ǼԪ֮۵ĴڣҶ첻ȥԪۣ֮ƾΪϣȫĸӦЩԭʯеǴʲô
һôȥΪӿȥһƥӻôʱϻһ򣬸ʮѾǸˡСӣ㵽
ڲԶٴεڿʼʱҲۼ˲ٵƷͷפĹۿߡ
ҶһѾڷŵһʯ
ʯչᣬȻĲֻжʯˣһЩղ߻ԼղصʯóչһһΪ˸ԼһҲΪܹҵһҡ
һʯȥǹӣʯҲһ㣬㲻ʲôԭʯûпɵļֵϡ
ʯͷߴһֱֻ۵ĸ߶ȣϴԼһңϿȥͷ·һֻڷڵĿһ
Ȼ㲻Ǹ˵ĸоȴ
һ򣬶һֲҪһݲУ
ʯһ࣬һСҿȥΪڵ˵
ǸղŽкˣȥһǮϴŵĴŵĶ֮
˭֪һȥһʯͷǾһɵñġ
ʯȻȥףȴҲԵĲֵļ۸
ʮСӣʮٸߵĻӾˡʵ㣬Ϊϲʯӣ˸ģ
ʮ
ȷʵһܸߵļ۸ˡ
ƤڵҲ¶һĨ⶯֮ɫȻʮľ޿ȷʵһǶԷȴҡҡͷ
˼ҵĵ߾һ򡭡
׳գ
û뵽ôִţòٵ˿ʼԵЦ
׼ӣһЦ
һ򣬺ߣҾ͵һĳ֣
ȷʵܹѰһʯʵ̫˷ˡ

Ҷ΢΢һڽӴһ鿥ʯʱ򣬷Ǹоʯ澹ȻһӨӨ֮⡣
âƲۣȴҶע⡣
Ԫۣ֮
ҶɿĿԼļԪ֮ۡ
ʱ˫Ŀ֮УһƬĹ⻪ʢ
һĹâޱߵĴ·һޱȵһ㣬Ȼֻת˲Ҷȴ·Ǿǧꡣ
ƣ
ʥӤҶ
ÿ£þĲȻһʱ飬뵽УΪʥӤڻ壬ڼӳ֣ڿϵػˣԻᱻѹġ
ñҪ˵ǰ򣬾ǧڣҶҲҪŪ֡
Ҫˣ
Ҷ쿪ˣ
Ȼ󣬵ȴڳ޲
»ӵɵӣȻԸ⻨Ǯȥһһʯͷ
Ҫֽ𣡡
˵
Ҷϻûֽϵпǲ١
תأ
Ҷ쿴꣬ʵ
Ҫֽ𣡡
˵ľǿ
ҲҪˣŰɣ
ҶȫûΧ漴ͳֻڴȥ˵绰
ڵ㶨һ򣬻ǲġ
ֽ𣿡
Ȼ֣ȴҲȥӣҪȥҶĿģΪϹѾ´ҶʲôҪ󣬶ҪȥִС
лл㡭
ǺмĿҶ˵
޷ҲϲһʯͷǸȡѡ
׳հ׳գǰ򡭡
İܼ⣬һʯͷ򣿡
ʮǺܶˡ

˻۵ʱͻȻһȴҲ˹
򡭡Ҫˣ
Ҷı顭Ȼһ䣡


1826 

Χƣ·ǻӴһ㣬ڳˡ
ǵɫͣ޷ŵɫ·ʲô˼һ㣬ٵĳһȥһڳ
ҶıȻıñ쳣˫Ŀ˿˿ɷ޷ڸǵɷ
һˣÿһλ϶źɫװƤЬ൱棬źɫƤףȥһбڣǵԴϣȴûһͷͷ
֮УŵһᣬһֵĮ·û˿ܹǵһ㡣
򡭡𣿾һʯͷȻҲҪ򣿡
ǰ۸Ҫ˰ɣ
ǮˣȻǮˣôǮҲܹô氡
˵һˣȻǲ⣬Ϊ׵һˣֱӵٴοڣ

⼡ڵƺЩվһʱ˵
˵
һͻأҶ컺վһ˵ǰ
¶ЦЦɫŶԷ
ƺȿϵİɣ
ߣ㲻ǻûǮ𣿡
һͷڣֱӴӱóһӡ
͡
ʱһӲӵƱӳС
ֻֽҪԸĻֱӵľ͸Ǯ
ӵˣ
Ҷȫӵˡ
ˣҿʼʱȴӦֻҪܹһҾλġ
Ҷ΢ĻﵹΪĸжϾԷԼزʶȴһǰ˿ĲΪ֮ҡ
Ͼһ򣬵ǶԷȴǶһѰˣǾԵĲġ
Ҷҽ
һ
ҶҪȵڵˡ
Ĵˣٵ
ҶҲ漴¶һĨЦݣ
ҵˣҲˡ
⼸ͷɫ΢΢һ䡣
ߡ
ȻĲܣֵĻ鷳᲻Сģ˶ӣóȻĳ֣ЧҲá
ļѰˣɱ˾ɱˡ
ɡ
˵ҲҶ΢΢һ
һֽǮһֽҶѸٵĽʯװ˳Ц
һе飬ˡ
˵ģȫûԴŭٵĿ뿪
Ҷ졭
̲סĺݺݵضŲѡ
Ҷһ绰ٻȴˣεĲŭ
ΧǼǣҲһľȵɫϵĲ²Ҷݣʲô˲ܹ˵ĵӡ
ߡ
һ߸ͷҲֻĺһɿ뿪
䡭
Ҷĳٺܿ죬Щˡ
ڸоһʯڲƺɱ䣬𽥵ķĳ־޴ĸı䡣
ա
΢ҶٵĽʯԼŰ˲ͼ֮УƺܵķӰ죬ʱʯı仯ʼһơ
ȴûȫʧƺڵֿʲôһ㡣
ҵŰ˲ͼʱѾԳһˣھȻûа취ȥѹסԷһʯڲʲô
Ҷüͷϵ˼š
ҲҶ˼ʱһϢȻĳӡ
Ⱥͷ
Ҷ΢΢һ
ʵȻĿԸоһȺͷϢ
߸ˣĿҲһʯɣղԵѾҪˣҴҲ˼ɵģǵĿȻʯʯļֵٴεٵġ
뵽֮Ҷ콫ȻһҽԼѸٵķɢȥĿ겻ǳΧٵɢ
ܿģһɽѾС
ɽ
һ۵ɽ壬ĶֵɽʯΧͺͺûжٵֲ˵Ҳһֱϡ٣Ҳûбһ֮أ棬Ҷ˵ȴһĵط
Ҫľϡ١
ʦ֣һ뵽ɽˣ
ҶıһĹͷĽе
ߣһȥɽʲôѵ˵Ƿǲɣ
ʦֵɫ΢΢һ˵
ܣ˾Բܹǣֻһͨˣҿˣû˿һ˿ͨϢҲûУ֫·ͳ죬Ӧֻһ˰ˣ
һлСĵĺãСӸоЩԾһһʯͷǰ׳վӦ֪ʲôҪСģ
һСΪһʥǵʵҲʱѹЩ׳Ҳ⣬ʱ½ǵҫɢȥǽΪ
˵ϱȻʼü
ɽ·᫣Ҷĳû֮أܿ³뿪

Ҷֶʱⱳ΢΢һ
Ծ
ѸٵĴӳҶ׷ȥ
ûУ
ǽҶĳӴ򿪣棬һҪʯˣʯӰӶûҵ
ѵ˵Ǳˣˣһ𣿡
ԣ׷ǸСӣʯȥ·Сӿ϶֪ģ

׷
Ҳʱһȴ˳
ǡ𣿡
˵ɫ䡣
˱Ƿˣų޷ͨȴҲûиоҶϢ˵ʲô˵ҶĻǶ޷оġ
㣿
ȥҶ죬Ϊ֮˵ɫ΢΢һ䡣
Ǻǣң
Ҷĵ˵ͷ
СӣˣҲǼ򵥵
Ϊ׵ĹͷĿ˵
Ҳ֮ͨˣ˵ɣҪʲôǮλȨƣǶԸ㣬ʯ㻹ǽĺá
⻰˵ĿƵȻʵȴһĨвϢС
Ҷ΢΢һЦ
֮ͨ𣿺ǺǣȻ֮ͨˣҲ֪׵һжҵļֵǸ޵ģʯ֮ʲôҵΪĺ棡
Ҷһڵɫ仯
̸ˣ
ɱ
䡭
貣ʱһĽâɿĳ˲񷡣
ϵӰ
Ȼ˵Ϊ
Ҷɫ΢΢һ䡣
ٴεĳտȥﾹȻγһĽɫӵӰ׵·ҪһٺͰࡣ
ڣ
ҶһۿǵԴͷ
СӣȻǲ֪ʵȴǵģˣȥɣ±ӣ۾㣡
Ҷ΢΢һЦ
±ӣⱲӾͿˡ
͡
ֵĳУָɽָ磬ռѸٵļʱŷһֲĽ⣬·һ޴ɽһ㣬͵ѹǾ㵵֮УҶĽֱӶǵӰ
ۡ
Ѫһ̣ǵʼޱȾ㵡


1827 
ܡͨĴ֮
һ˿ڴĺ֮д޷ŵɫ̬·ǿһ˼һ㡣
ôܣͨĴ֮ͿԵõϢˣⲻܵģҶԷͷǲģȫĲܣһͷķ
ڡƺҵʱɣҶ쵭Ц
£ҪʲôȻҶҪ촰˵ǶԷҲȥĻǵ˼⣬ֱӵĿʵ
ܼ򵥣һʯʲôô
Ҷʵ
ֻһͨʯѣֻǿʯЩԣԲŸȤģԭģ뿪ٶȺܿ죬Բһ·׷Ѱ֪µݣǶȻ׷ġΪ׵ĹͷæĽе
Ҷƺûлɵӣĵ˵ͷ
͡

Ĳҽ֣Ѫ裬ʱһѾҶľնϡ
ͷǵɫ䣬ƽﶼǿߣµǿߣ߸ϣǰҶ죬ǿѾǵĳ̶ܳˡ
ǰ׳𣿡Ҷ쵭һЦ⼸ˣʵ
һ·ңһ֣Ǵɱ̬ˣΪǰ׳գǵĻ𣿡
˵ʯ֮еʲôʲôݣΪʲôҪʯ˵һ֣ķʽܣ
Ҷſµ
ߣСӣͼϵõҪĶ룬ʵ㣬Ѿǵ˲ǵˣ˻Ǳģ룡
Ҷ֮䣬â˸
飡
˵֮˵ϣʱһ޴ѪѪʳ޾Ѫ˿˿Ľâ
ڵȻѾ̶𣿡ҶаԵһ
ƴˣļ˷
ƴ֪һڽӣȻƳޱߵĽââʥϢҪǿʥޱߵĹâѸٵĲġdӡǣЩӡǣޱȣǷһ㣬ÿһǷ֮Խһг׵ĹһֲĵƤ
ߣ֪
ҶЦ
Ȼʧԭ
ʱ߲뵽ǧ֮ĵزϵƣǾʮεĳ̶ϡ
ʱҪ˵ϣľҲŵϺţ棬ԪϡˣȻѾﵽ˽ĵزǽڵľѧ˼£ȴҲԵ޷ҶԿ
䡭Ҷٶȿٵľˣ˸֮УһץǾһץǿն·֮С
ʲôǡ
˵ɫ䣬Ҷֳȫǵʶ˵УǿĴڣҲǿĲĲ
Ȼ˵Ǿȥɣ
Ҷ·ףһУͳصΨһ
ꡭ֣֮ѸٻεľָӲ޴ӡչƵĿϣ
ɡʥӤٵ⼸˵꣬ʱҶѾ֪Щһ
ȻǷڵĵӣڵ꾹ȻҲķѣҲʼĿҶ˵
߸ˣһΪҶڵɣһҲǷڵһֻ֧ʵȻǿ󣬵ȴҲС
ʵҲĵز
ȻҶ࣬ϣ˵ϡԪﵽΪҲס
صȻ٣ҵҪȥһʱˡ
Ҷл˵
ʯҶҲѾҵ˶ԷһϢ
𣿡Ҷ΢΢һ
Ƿǿ߾һ֮۳Ľᾧúܣǿĺܣеޱȡ
ڵӣ־Ȼо൱ġ
ҶԭͲŮǺ±˷֣͵ˣȴû뵽Ҷ쾹ȻһϻĻɫ
ֻѰǾԵĲ˺嫵Ĳһö϶Ѱ֮ģ
Ҷж϶ȻĲ˵Ĳʣ˵ļ֮ȴҵ˺ܶĶ
⻪ĵĴϣŲٵЩͨǿ֮Թͨ񷣬ؼ˺ɽҲǲܵ顣
һöľ̶ȣȴǲһĤݺͶȻĸо
оǲ򵥣ѰҲǻͨ˲ĤݻǶȻЧ֮ͨȻĲ˵Чġ
ܹǶ˵ЧǾ;ԵĲˡ
˵ǿԴζһڵİˣڡڣʲô߲֮İȴȻĲôļ򵥡
Ҷ΢΢˼һ֮󣬽һʯ˳


1828 㡭Ȳң
ʱʯΧѾֳķѵ״̬ȻȻŰ˲ͼɳʱѹסȴû½䳹׵ѹ
ԷԵӵĳֲֿںԼŰ˲ͼԿ
ߣҿ㵽ʲôĴڡ
Ҷ͵ıһ⻪⻪ޱȣʵȴ̲ޱߵʼľ޴󲨶һռ䡣
ž
ռѸٵ𶯣ʱԭѾķѵʯǿʼҵĲ
飡
ϼɢ޾ĽâɫĹâʼɢ
һ̣޾ʥ֮ŷ·Ҷǰʼˡ
Ҷ΢΢һһɺ嫶çĹϢ˲鲼ȫ·һֻһ㣬Ųɵ̬İΧסͼߡ
Ҷɫ˪ףѪӯһ̣񷿪ʼɫӿ·һŭһ㡣
䡭
ĽһִޱѹĸоѸٵ֮ҶȴûͣЪŲһٵ׷Ѱָоǿеĳȥˡ
â޾ĹâƺһȴţҶһ߿һţö֮ĳ˽ȥ
ٶҶ첻÷ִ磬ӲΪ߰ǷǶԷղŵ̬ҪԼҶ첻ȥĽ˵öԷΪںء
ν֮Уһ˲õļһﰡ
ǿ֮Ȼ䱾ϵص㣬ǳѰ֮ԡ
ԣҶ쿴ȴһħԡ
ܶǿߣڱʱȴûȥѡȥǲϵѰҸֻᣬĴȥⱾǴʧϾ֮ϾҪؿǺܶǿȴϲѡᣬǿ̬ߵ塣
㷽ʽںͷڵˣǾġ
Ȼһ֮ѣ
ҶЦһ֮󣬿ٵǿԼǰٶȡ
ˡ
һâƺǸоҶĴڣʱĶ»ͼҶѹУͨ
ߡ
Ҷһ廯֮ˣ̤߲һ㣬һĿ񱼡
𡭡
һֻ޴Ӱıչֳ
һ޴Ļ绢ȴž޴ʥģɫķģչֵޱ貣ʥϢء
ҶݷںڵʩչһŻȻͷǿ󣬵ȴҲ㹻Ľˡ
ȻǻȻʩչһֻצѾൽʮķΧǿն·˲˺ѡ
ҶļԪ֮Ѹٵ˸ȥ쵽˼£ƮƮչһǧ׵Ŀ񱼡
¡¡
ǰ͵ĳһɽ
ЩɽÿһŽɫĹâɢŨϢеһɽ֮ϣıɽⱦޱȣǿԴжоһ˿˿ıϢڲϵĹ㡣
һ֮ιǣ˵Ѫţ޷ѳ֣һȴأĸоƺֻҪǽȥ֮󣬱ɴⱦɽ֮УԼҪһС
ߣĵֶΣҲܹóֻǿһ˵ǮƺѣȥƺЩֶΣʵϸӵĶģڼʥϢȴ޷ڸסǱ̰
Ҷ쿴ĳɽû˿档
ǵ˽Ǯǵѡ񣬵ɲʲô񣬸ûжٵĺôġ
ҲҶӵԭ֮һ
Ǿҿһ·ɣ
Ҷȭͷս

𡭡
Х𺳲񷡣

Ҷ˫̫֮ӡߵʥһС
䡱
ѣ￪ʼҶһȭ·Ҫضһ㡣
ʱޱߵɽĹѣؼһжҪ׵Ļһ㣬һеһУĪǿʼҶǿΪ˳ٵĹѡ
ɽ֮һİ׹ǿʼ˳
Щ׹֮УеĻŹâ˸ףеѾ촷ۣеȻѾ࣬׵Ļ˷ĩ
׹ǳɶѣһһͣΪʱľĴ֮ɵΡ
üһνɵǲٰ
Ҷ̾˵
Ҳò˵ֲ֮˵ֶȷʵǺǿܹɽÿһĵ׵Ŀ׵˳
Ҫȥжѡ
еĴϳԵˡ·ɾҫ
һŴȱ֪Ӻδ˳ͷ·ǻΪȰĴںϣƿҶ춼С
־ᶨʯһ㣬Ȼ΢΢ĲȴӰ쵽˼ǿ̩ɽ
һз϶Ѹٵĳֱ֣ӵļһޱȵķ
·𣿡
Ҷ쿴һ·΢΢ĳ
ܿȴѡǰ
һ·᫣ȴƺൽ޾
ޱȣ
Ҷ̤֮е˲䣬ѾһĨЦݡ
ԭˡ
飡
һݣ
ҶĽŲһѾǰǾʱ򣬶ȴһ޴
вħ壬£سɷ𣡡
ʮ֣ʮ֣·صƺ֮Ψһ޷ȥܾ޷ȥ˼һ˿뷨ûУֻȥϵĸʮֵİ
ҶҲ⣬Ҳζʮֵİ
ʮ־Ȼı仯仯֮УﵽԱ仯Ĳ
ֻĲѣҲǲ磡
Ҷԭƻ˫Ŀ˲ı
ޱǿ󣬶Է￴ȥƺޱߵİʵȴһɾѧ˵ɥʧ
ǻ˵ĻȻǲܾģҶȴƾǿ֮Էһп̽ȥо
£سɷ𣡡
£سɷ𣡡
ϵҶĶ߻ţɣ˼˵ƺǶʼﵽһֹһ㡣
һζεĽѾҶǰͷˡ
ͷһɫĺۼһڶһĶѨһĺɫĹâвϵ˸š
£سɷҶȻΪ𣡡
һŷζ·ǰǾǷϵҪȥŷ㲻ȥŷΪĶ

Ҷĵ˵ͷȴͣ
ô㻹ʲôԥѵ˵㻹֪ڸһڼ尾Ϊɱ̫ˣΪѾһʰĴˣȥ㽫Ϊħ㽫ð̵Ĺ㽫ΪΨһΪؼΨһ
ʱѾЩˡ
ˢ
ҶԴ̧һͷĺɫĻѩɫһɺ˸Ҷ˳Ļߣ
㡭Ȼң


1829 
㡭Ȼң
֮Уһ޷ţǶڲţţɾ֮󣬻ȡǿš
££
ٴεĳ֣һѾʼ
顭
һֻŴݺݵ̤ɫ״谭Ҷ壬·Զŵľһ㣬ƣһֻ̤㣬㹻̤죡
䡱
ٴεһ޴ײ֣֮ҶȻĴһе
ء
𡭡
ʱĴ˳֮Уһڸǵ֮·Ҫһ˵궼Ҫһ㡣
겻ɢ
ҶЦһٴε̤㡣
𡭡
ڵҶһŵĳ֣һӰȻĴ֮ж࣬˿˿ĺɫħڷڣħ죬ȴִһ˿͵ĹϢ
ͣħָоȻ뵽һ˵ڣ˹̬󵽡
Ҷ쿴ӰԷһģһǶķģȥ൱ĻɫϻϣԿĳһĵļֵơ
˵ȻҲĳԲһĵλġ
𡭡
ĺӶԷﴫ˳֮УƺǼĳ޷ԹͲͼҪؼһг׵Ÿġ
˵ϴŵ޷ڸǺ͸ɷ
һзһϣΪβҳɷΪҵͷһգ
֮Уһĳޣ·ҪһУһеһг׵ĴԼй
ħ𣿡
ҶһԷ̬ѾħӣܹģԵǲ򵥵ģԶԷݣȻҲܹħҪôµŻᵼһʼ䣿
һ׷ѰͷȴһգһգЩ΢֮ˣҲͼɷôܣԵĲܣ
˵䣬ԷɫԽ
ȻѾһˣǵȻɣ
˵䣬ԷȻѾٴγҶˡ
һΣ˾Ȼ˫ֺʮһӡǣʱ֮һ޴ķӡѾҶѹ
ԭ͵ϢȻһˡ
һȴ˵ĵزҲһɱļһ
ҶһĿЦ
ȥɣ
ֵһָǾȴȻںΪһ壬һ۽ͷųԼѹһ֮ϵһ˲ն޾Ĳçһ죡
͡
޴ķӡ˲䱻һ̴
һǧֻ࣬أΪβңʲôǷ𣿣
ǺӰŭ𣬵ǴʱҶȴûи˿Ļᣬһ
ˡ
һɢﳹ׵ʧµֻһ׹⣬ʥףĴ⡣
Էµľڡ
ħʧˡ
Ҷ쿴һеɢĸ̾
ĩʱһе׵ʧˣµֻһЩɺ覴ãԷûָ֮£ܹ뵽̶Ѿ൱Ĳħ֮Ҳʹһж׵ĳ˷ͼմȾˣȫȻı㱻׵նɱˡ
ĩʱǷʲô
һöڻתİɫҶĸ̾
ʱһö΢΢֣ͽȻģ֮оȻһĹââ֮Уƺʲô
ʲô
Ҷ΢΢һ
һ档
֮УˮܲһȻ̬źܶޣЩ𣬳צ죬֮ǿ̬еҶԿĳԷٿԴﵽСľˡ
ʲôطļ֮Уþõû
Ҷ΢΢һ˼
ʱΧѾ𽥵Ŀʼɢħڵ磬нһúʵ֮С
ǽȻûкôħҶ춴ɢȻҲ˿ʼʧˡ
طŲٵܣҵҪѰһ£ǿԸоĳ֮УصİҵԺĲһ£ȻĿҴл治ٵġ
Ҷ۹ǱҪúܶģһӦǴ֮еģڵȥѰ֮е䡣
һöеĹâµĴԼֻкҴС֮УȥԲȻԴֲڵĸоʵȴ˵ĸо൱ϸ壬ǷڵĿ֮˵ľ̲صİ¾ҶҪһ˲㼳ȡǺѵġ
֮Уҵĸо»İ߸ڵӵļ֮У⾹ȻһΪ֮˵
쿣
Ҷ첻İϾ൱ĴڻҶȴԼĸоƺһ򵥵ֻ˰쾹ȻûҵڶԷļ䡣
쿡
˵˼ȴҲû
͡
ҶƿնѸٵ뿪
㡭㡭ҵĳôˣ
ҶٴεĽڵĳӹ黹ʱ˶
ﻹԼһʱĳ϶ʼñ˲٣ǳ涼Щѿˡ
ҶʵЩˣһ·ϵĿ񱼣ǼӳԼһ̶Ȼӵٶȼӿ˺ܶ࣬ȴҲ⳵ӻٻ˲١
ʵһ⣡
ҶڨڨЦ
ϾǰںĵĸԼǮȻǷϹ褵ҶΪȷʵҲЩʧˡ
⣿
ڵĿԲӺ޲õĽǰҶһҧ
ҶıԽԵЩ
ǷһΣ
Ҷ̲סĿЦ
õһˣΪʡԼ˺þãҵưˡ
뵽ԼΪһĶǽһί
ǸһᲹģ
Ҷ̲סĿЦĸˣ椣νû˿İ취Լ̫ˡ
Ƿҵһ飿
ͻȻƺͨʲôƵĿҶ죬̬·ڴǿСñһƵҪл⵮ģ
Ƿһ顣
ΪΪ⣬ҶڵαˣֻܹЦŵ˵ͷ
ǰ˵ɣֻҪܹ飬һ쵽ġ
Ҷĵ˵ͷ
˵ŵԱκε鶼ҪҪвɽ䵱Ѱ֮Դ
ðȻ˵ĻǾɣڻ֪ʲôȥǵãǷҵһ顣
ţйһƬĴɫޱȣǲ֪ΪʲôҶĸоȴ൱ĲԾ
ˡ
Ҷֻ΢΢æһǸ̬˵绰
ȱ˴ˡ
绰֮УƷε˵


1830 
ȻƷֻеԵЩȻʵȴ޷ڸסֽǺ͵ǡ
ϾʱǴԸʵҶΪϲҶ컹ţħƷ򣬶Ǿǵж֮Ϊкøеġ
ڵʱҪѰҵһų֮ĵˣǾ൱ѵģȵĳ֣ȻҲǵϲ
Ȼߵﶼû˵˭ǵȥȣǾƣǾ͵Ҫùˡ
һе飬ǵʱ˵
ҶĿɿڴڿ˵
ڸҪ˵ҶȴѾٵת뿪ٶ֮ԵĻûзӦӦĻᶼûУĿɿڴĿҶٵ뿪
ҡһû˵ء
ںݺݵĿҶ뿪ıӰȻҪͼȥѰңվĻûа취浽ҶĽŲҶٶȿƻʵȴ൱Ѹٵģֻת˲ʱѣҶѾʧС
ʵϣҶѾܿˣٵľˡ
ȵûж˵ʱҶѸٵƿգһ˫̤գѸٵɢ֮С
ٶȺܿ죬ռ֮𡢳⽣֮չһһ㣬棬»ûκεһٶܹٶȶԱȣֻת˲ʱѣȴѾɢԭء
죡죡죡
Ҷٶȿ쵽˼£TȻеľ벻̫ԶǾǳɻҲҪСʱʱ䣬Ҷٶȷɿ죬۵糸ģڶݵĲʮӵʱȴѾǰ
ʱѾǽһƬڳ￴ȥ
һľ컹ڴƺѾˡ
ЩڿҶ֮󣬶ʱɫ΢䡣
Ҷ΢΢һѾоˣĿռ֮УһֵϢϢӿҡڵϢ
Ҷ١
СĶҶкš
Ҷĵ˵ͷ
߰ɣﲻǿӦ˵ģ
Ǳô˵ЩͲȻŭҶô˵ȴЩٴ⣬Ѹٵһ̵ܿˡ
ЦĻĻģƷţħһôʲôˣ΢΢ɨǼۣǵĿʼֹ
ǡǵģҶ٣ʲôҪʱǣ
һ˼æĿڣѸٵ뿪
Ҷ콫ŹϣʱţħƷڳ̡
ʱΧǽ壬ʵƻĶȴ࣬Ҷĵȼһ̣ţħƷ򻺻ؿ˵
ô£ֻǳȥôһʱ䣬ôͳˣ
ҶţƷõʵĻеֵģҲֻţħʵӵĿֲܹȫˣ¶ϡ٣ûеġ
һһ𣬶ȻĲȱ˴ߵġ
ţħεĳһ̣εĿЦ
Ǵˣ
ˣ
Ҷһ㶣ļĿŶԷȴһۡ
뿪⼸ʱ䣬ҲĵģϾ￴ˣҲﲻţʼʱܹų죬Ҳ֪ģһڴ׶ε˵ҹǹ¶ġ
ˣ
Ҷ̲סĴһ£Ҫ֪ľҶһƵĽѾ߷ˡ
ðɣʵˣԾ˸طȥȾƣǵȵǻʱ򣬳椾Ͳˡ
Ҷݺݵضţţħε̾Ϣһʵ˵˳
ʲô𣿡
Ҷε̾Ϣһ˵
ʱȥҲû̫ˣҶҲֻܹε̾Ϣһ֮ѯ
ûС˺ܶˣȴûκεĽۣǣûнǵټ
ƷҲ൱Ρ
һǷһ㣡
ţħͻȻĿ˵
ˣӦҲߣҴΧᵽϢ²ûдӦþĳϢ൱Ϥڡ
ţħжϺҶĲıϣӿʼʱѾоˣΧϢУڵϢںƣ֮Ȼĳϵġ

Ҷĵ˵ͷ
㿴ҵġ
Ʒһö۵Ǯ˳
һöǮѾĲˣȥͺǱΪӵģһȻǴﲻģҲδؿ̶ȡ
ϾҲδǴģҶţħ˶һˣǿĺͳ˿ǽȻͬ
Ԫۣ֮
Ҷü΢΢һʱĴǮ濪ʼѰ
һ㵭ĽɫâǮ濪ʼ˳
֮
Ҷһ˿Ĳ
κε䱾ϵص㣬߿񱩣ʥ࣬ͣа񣬻߹ߴź䡭
Խ䳹׵Ķ쵽
ܿҶ֮ѾһĨĺ⡣
ߡ
ҶѾѰҵԼҪĶˡ
ߡ
ţħƷҲ󣬼æĸȥ
ߵʵˣʱҲȥľףֱչֳԼƿգ֮ϡ
ҿʱΧûˣĻƾ˸ղŵľٶ㹻Ϊ֮ġ
ߣڵϢڣҺ֮ϵƲˣӾڵϵķڣһֱƺĳֽܵϵǵƽĲ֪Ҫֶٵ飡
Ҷ֮дһĨɱڡ
ʱѾЩиˣʧȥյսȻҲûֹϣְݵ˲١
ڣЩԾԾ
εģǴ߳ȣѾںΪˡ
ߵɱ˼£ֱӵ߿γһĺۼ
Լȥ˰Сʱʱ֮Ҷһطͣ
ָ΢΢һҶѾһöӲҡ
һöӲң֮еһö
ȥ
߶֮УӲѸٵķһ΢Ľâ
â˸ʱĻ˳գԼĶԸоһ˿춯
ڵ˰һȺµĹ
ȻѾ²⵽ҶĿģƷȴǲ֪һȺ˵Ͼʵ޷ţħԼҶȽϣȻû뵽ҶţħѾҵĿ꣬о㲨ʱɫ
ٸԣǹΪ̼һϢǿоģֻ뵽˷ڵǿɫȻЩɫ䡣
䡭
ڵģ׷Ѱһâһɽ֮Уɽ֣ϼ棬ʵһɽɽϢ

Ҷըףʱĳȥһ֣һɺ嫵ľʼıŷ
¡¡
رɫ֮ϣһ׳֣˾޴ָӡǿ߳˫׶ʮ

޴ʱء
ӷ˭˵Һڷ
һޱŭش˳


1831 Ҫˣ
˲񷣬ĮޱȣǴһ˿˿ŭȻҶΪѾöԷЩŭˣ⻹ûг֣ȻҲɵ
֮еѹȴ·ʽ٣һȻ
ڳҲں쳾֮ϣ
Ҷ쵭˵
ȻǳǾ͸ûع֮Уں쳾֮ϣαȾ쳾
ġ
ߣҪ˵ЩûõˣǺڵץǵˣڸϽķˣ
ţħֱӵŭ
൱ķŭϾҶҪȥóȵģû뵽ԼĴȴóȳˡ
ҲҶϾȲȻĲˣҲû뵽гһգȻ໥ĽӴ
ԵԵϣǶŮӺҷԵȻĲȥմȾ֮еĺ쳾ǻǻȥɣ
˿˿ȻʱѾûԭϣȴһ˿Ĳ
Ҷһ˿Ц⡣
Լ˵˵ԷȻ˵ķǽԼˡ
ҵֶλԵЩСˣǰƢƨֱӵľһ
䡱
˵֣ͳ֣
Ҷû˿ĺøУαӣҪ顣
һ֣׵˺˲񷣬һֻ֣·ǿ֣֮ʥģͬһֻӣУһи
¡¡
ߣڣǿҰģ
Ȼ쳹һε֮Уһ˿˿޷ڸǵŭȻҶΪѾԷ׵ļŭˡ
Ұֻ˵ģǼȻˣҰΣ
Ҷ˿á
ӡ˵״
¡¡
رһһֻ֣ŵͿֲĵ⣬ֱ˺أͬԴݻһеΪĺۼ
رɫǰȺɽȴȻһһĹâٵۣӾ֮ϴ£٣ѻС
䡱
һ޴ĺ֮УҶһֻӡȻͶԷĹâײУĻ촷ۣ
ߡ
ҶһжĿֲҲ΢ľȣղŵȻֻʩչһɵһɵ㹻ľޱ䣬ԷȻҲԵֿסԵǿķġ
¡ǻȥɣﲻҰĵطֻǳΣ뿪Ϊʱ
ƺǶڵֿסҶĳֱֵԴ˷ܺͽԷٴεĳ֡
̵ģôѻ𰡣ΪǴ𣿡
ţħһĨŭķŭ
Ϊħ̥Ըħ˿Ƶ飬Ȼķŭ˼¡
Ųţţүүһأ
ߣһаƾҲͼһжǾǧʱŶѻģдŵϵϵķΪͼ飬ǾǲںضԿ
ٴεĴƺ޵ġ
̵ΣΪүֽ𣿡
ţħ׵ķŭˡ
Ҷһ֣˵

ղųֵʱȷʵǸоˣ֮ϣƺһӴڻۣһѻĺȻĵֿסԼһС
ԵĲ򵥣
Ԫۣ֮
Ҷüһʱؾģ֮еһУ޲ƿ֮С
һ̣κεһﶼ޷ȥֹסעˡ
滨ݣȺɽһжѻϵһ𣬿ȥƺûʲôͬģǵҶٴϸϸĿȥȴķ֣ЩɽʯһпǷɢģʵϾȻͬһһ㡣
һУ໥Ĳ䣬ͬһ㣬໥ζȻ棬һ˱˴˵棬ѡ໥ںϣ໥ĻΪһ㣬վĻΧһзǿ
𣿡
Ҷ΢΢һ
ںͷеһص㡣
ǵʵͷڣԪ֮Уǵ磬ǵЩ໥Ŀ
໥ļȡ֮ͬҲͬںڰ͹ǿֶȴ纣Ŀֲ
Ҷ춼ûа취ȥϸо͸ν֮жôĿֲ
ҵ棬Ҳһ֮ҶȻ˴֮õĺôЩڲϵţҵڰȣϵ׳ȣҵĹĳɳ֪ﵽһεĳ̶ϡ
Ҷ޷Ҳ󣬲ڵҪĿĻȥ
һе鷳
㵱ǲԸǽȥˣ
Ҷ˿˿
ţħһ֪ʱҶ캦ˡ
ʩȥɣǺڲԽģ
ǲ²ƺǴķȰȰȴջޱȡ
ҵҪǲȥҺΣ
Ҷ˿˿⡣
ȻĿʼ֡
䣡
ʱҶѾŭϢൽգѪȼգƣѾ¶ԭݡ
ѩ趯ɺ˸ڵѪ죬ֱ
⡭Ǳ𣿡
Ʒе
ðӡ
ţħû˵
صɷصʩմѪȣҶȻɣ
Ǻ֮УȻĳһɱ
ƾ㣬һССС춼ҲҪȻң
ҶЦ˵Ĳ֪ԳӴ֮ΪԼĴ
ӡȭȭȭӡ죡
ҶӶȭͷˣ
𣡡
֮ϣŭ𣬸ħ죬һ¶£һһ㣬뵽Ҷľ֮УʱѾʼҵĲ
ͷ·һħŭ

Ҷĺ
ըף
䣡
һȭӶȥ
ӷ𣡡
һţؼ䵮
һ̣ϵ֮·ǴӾ֮ϴ޾Ĳˡ
Ǿµġ֮޷Ŀֲ֮ŵĽһжˣ
ɱһľ಻
ϣļӳ֣ȥ˲
Ʒɫޱ˷
ɱץ
䡱
һҡΣһĴɽʼƺ޷ڸǵڲ
Ҷ建س˴ɽ֮С
һ̣ﶼڲϴһڸǵɷ·Ǵ֮нٵʥһ㣬˭˶ȥ׵Ŀڡ
һɺ컺ͷǿµɱ

޴ıˡ
Ҷڴѻǧ֮һзĴˣ
㡭㾹ȻԴƣ
޷ŵشݳ
ʱƺѾûԭֵȻͳס


1832 ǲ
֮ϣУϣ䡣
ϱһĨ֣ȥʥ쳣·޾ҫУƺǰĳصķһ㡣
˵޷ϢһɫģȻӣһתȴһֽâϢУ·һһ㣬ȥһɷ֮ȻΪ֮η
㾹Ȼܹƣ
ԷƺǻûдӸղŵֳѹɲϵ
úһףˣҽ̤ƽ
ҶĻ֮Уû˿ĿԣʵϣѾ֪Щ˵ƷԣӿʼʱںöԷлһٶĺԼа壬ҶѾȻɢޡ
ߡ
һƺǶҶĻﲻмڻش
̡ģţүү̤ƽţħŭһ
衭
һħţŭ𣬶ʱһ谵ʩչԼħţһʮޱȵ𺳣·һһ㣬˷ԲʮķΧ
¡¡һŴޱߵľ貵Ĺ⻪߳ķ쳹ʮأҪĶ𶯳һ㣬һźݺݵѹס˷ԲʮķΧ

޴ʹ˳ˣ𶯵ҪҪﶼʼ̤һ㣬е谭֮޲˲䱻һŵѹΪ촷ۡ
䡭䡢̬Է𣿡
оǿֲѹΧ˲ΪһƬĿռ䣬ƷǲϵĶţƮѾʼ
ҷȱ
Ӵĺ
ϣڣȻҺ޶ãµͳԿս
иղŻ˵һĵǴʱɽ֮һĳ̶ȣ촷۷Ǽ
ĩʱҪѰҵһ츣ҲǱ컹ѵ飬ҩʱѰң˵ҪѰҵ˵һطǾ͵Ҫõʱȥ۵ģǿûʱģڵûȥѰҡ
ԣţħһţϵ֮һԪεĲзŭ
˵ˣ
Ҷ̤ز񷣡
ߡ
һ漴ĽӡʱһƬĽâ˸ķӿʼдӽҪΪʵʣһһУ޲̲ͨİ
ЩȻѾҪΪˣȻķ࣬ȴҲҪһЩֻǽĳγɵģ˵ܹӡΪ࣬еҪҲǲĳЩġҶаԵжϡ
ʱⷨĳ֣ʱһƬյѾγɣһ޴ֳ
͡
ѸٵĽ뵽˴֮С
һȴⱦ𲻶ϵߣƺҪΧһг׵йһ㡣
ҶԷ뵽˴֮С
ֻ֮УȻһˣҶȴԸо˵ĺֻЩоԵĵ΢ƺȥСĵĸо޷ȥоĲ
߰
Ʒ˵
ʵЩˣȻҲǲģǾôʱѹƣƷҪȥҲҪʱġ
Ͼôʱѹ֮ҪȥͻƶǺѵãҶȴԼķʽֻڻûлȥʩչˡ
ԻĴԿգﶼǿգձУޡ֮£ûжԴûкûֻԷ˫ֺʮĿҶ졣
Դӽ뵽֮УԷƺҲʼЩڿҶж˿˿âͿɲ⣬ƺǶҶѾ׽׺ɡ
ߣϻ࣬ˣҪˣ˻̾뿪νĴԿպûһǮĹϵ
Ҷ˵
ˣ˺ͷеĹϵĪԵ֣뿪ƱػʧȥһԵ֣޷ģǵڵ˵СģȴҲ޷֮Ϊǿ
˵
˼ƺǽǣǽǿ𣿡
Ʒ˷ۣоһڴ
ߣ֮ˣ֮ȻҲҾݷҿǻζˣƷĳ֣еɫƵĿɭȻЦ
ӵҪεĲţħĵվϴŲмɫƺǶев˿Ĳ⡣
Ǿ仰ṳ̂ƽɽڳ׵ʧҶ棬̬Եʵʵ
²Լ̫۸Ҫ֪ĺܣɲһ˿Ծһеģ
еȻɭȻ쳣ƺҲʼЩŭ
Ѿ𽥵ɢһĽâЩâƵʵȴȻĴһĨɱ֮ɭȻĲӿ漴ĻûΪһââһС̫һ㣬ȵ̬޷ȥĮӵ

Ҷ΢΢һû뵽һﾹȻһ
һɫĴ󲧣ķģÿһŴԼֻâСϸϸĿȥʤҶȴԿĳЩâСķķһķӡ
໥ƣһƥǿȻĲѰ֮˿󵽵ľ˺Ϳֲ
˲ıû뵽㾹Ȼ˵ıҶ΢΢һһɫĴ󲧣Ĳһ˿ѹһ˿ѹȴвҶ첢δġ
ߣ֪ͺã̵뿪ʹգûҪٴε߳ȥǾûôˣԷչֳһرԭȻвҶ졣
ǺǡôһַõĲӣҲͼвңҶЦ˵
ˣǲ֪дģ
ЦԽɭȻ
ߣҾ֪дģȴҲֲָңҶ첻м˵
һСȻҶʦ˵ķҿһŭ
֮УȻһˡ
һ˴Ӵ֮߳еһлһִɵ̬̬ȥԸоĳ˲Ǽ򵥵
Ҷָһ
͡
һ˺˲һ㣬ʱĴһ
ңŭ֮ݳ·Ҫһжһ
ҶȴֱָӵĽӵѹȥ
һ仰ˣǸǲҶָצֻҪٴεģӾҪ׵ѵˡ
СӣҸ㣬ɱĽ鳹׵Ľ֣˭ҲȲ㣡ǺеԽɭȻ
ҶȴЦ
ûܹвңǰûУڣûУָ
飡
Ѫ⡪ɽ


1833 ߣ
飡
ѪɽѪͰ׹ǣɭȻٲȻҪһг׵Ķһֲ̬˵ɫʱ򶼳׵ı仯
ңС죡һȺ˲ĳ˴֮У̻Իͣһķӡ޺ĵ񣬽ɫĹ⻪ܣһĻŵһ㣬˵гһη޷ڸǵĵϢ
㡭ɹˣԭ֮еĺУɫѾȻϳһ޷ڸǵĳ޺Ϳɲĺ⣺ɹĽҵŭȼˣСӣأʮأ˿Ծȵ㣬ûκεһ˿Ծȵ㣬ǷҲУȻеĵλ򵥣ʱҶһнնɱѾ׼ŭˡ
ҶνĿˣ֮еıУŵ޾⣺Σ
ҶȫȻĲ⣡
һȺϣŸصЩǽħƣǽħǽ䵶֣âɭȻұ̹ǣǿһ۶ǿԸоеϢεȵı䣬·һѪⱻסĸо
Ҷ졢ƷţħУû˿⣬ʵϣǿⲻҪȥ⡣
ǵȫĲȥģȺ˵˺ǣһ˿ĿܶûУ
ѹħͷħŭһʱ޾Ĺâʼ
һķӰʼ֣Уչƣ˸Ȼһеĳа
貣ǿƣҶȫİΧС
ЩâſֲĲͨ޷ǿǱĻԵĻ˲䱻סģǶҶ˵ȴû˿Ч
Щâĺɱֻվƣָᵯֻת˲ѣȴѾˡ
ЩâΪ֮⡣
͡
̶ޱȣЩȻҶĶ׵ĽΪޣʱеɫʱ޷ŵĿԼޣƺûзӦһ㡣
ǵģ޷ţ޷Լô˵Ĵ
ǹϵľѧϹŵؼϹʱڵĴУһüϺдĺ֮ж̲סı貵Ľâֻâ֮ȴ˿˿̰֮ɫƺú˼ʲô
ҶѪ죬ϵ֣ûӰȻûΪʵʣȴڳΪ֮ѡ
ϹŵĴСĺɫڿʼ仯
ѵ˵ǡ֮ͨˣ֮ͨˣ
һµʣ׵Ĵһ㶼½һˣЩˣǴ˵ˣǻֿ˺һ񷣬ֻֿժȡǳ£˵ܣЩˣҲֻǴ˵˺١
ֻڹϵļ֮УǵӰڵĩʱǺĺܡ
£Ż˵֪ʲô¡
ȻҶӿȥޱȵᣬǴ֮ͨˣɲǿǵģˣʱúõĴܻܿԼķڴ޷ڸǵѡ
ʲô˵ģǸղŲˣѾûʲô˵ˣҶĿ֮ϵĺУ˵
ߣʲô˲ģǴ֮ͨˣҲܹնɱǣֻжѣδǴ֮ͨˡ
һĺУֳ飬ʵһ
Ҷ絶˲ƿա
䡭
һƴȥռݣһı˲𣬴ﵽǰֻһУ˲˺ѵ˴˵
Էɫʼ䣬ȫû뵽Ҷ쾹Ȼ˵Ĳӣֱӵ˺˶Է
̫²ǵõϹŵĴУ㵨ҺΪУҿ⴫У㲻ӵУǹ黹ϲԵĺã
ڣ֮ϵĺУŭ
һȺˣΪֹûи״ڵҶǿȥӦģ˵ǵΪֹΪҶҲֻڵı£ȫû뵽ǸҶĶ֣ĲȥҶ챾ˡ
ҷҶЦ˵һʼұҪˣȴһζĺƣҵ֪˭ڷߡвԱУѾ˵ˣŮӺԵǾУ㵨ҺضԿ𣿣Ц
죿ҽվǿʲô죡ҶĻȻ
ôʱˣûмȵټ֪һȺˣǽصʲôطˡ
䡭
һֻֿٵסһ˵Դ
Ѿˣȴ֪ϧҿǻζˣ
䣡
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˿̵ˣŭޱȣ׷׵ǰ
֮еĺУҲӶۣ޾֮ǿʼӳ֣һ֣ѸٵĳҶӡ
ߣҶ߶Ȼ΢ȴըװ˵Ķ쳹
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䡭Ѫӿͬ纣죬˲Ľڳˣɣ֮ϵĺУ֮Ҳ飬ޡ
飡
Ҷץգ˲䳯װBļһץ˹ȥ
Һڣǧ֮ãδ˵ղ˭ˣͻأľʱһŭȴݳ֮Уķ壬·٣
һӰٵĳ֡
һŽɫĵϺУϵĻޱȣеһķģÿһķģӳһһ𣬽Զ죡
ԷĶȴѸ׵硣
Ϻеĳ֣λе¶޷ڸǵľϲ֮ɫ
ʦ棡
ĺȵ
ʦ棿
ҶǷ˿˿Ц
˵ʵȷʵ򵥣ӦѾﵽһޱȽӽʥĵزˡ
ʵȷʵ԰ı£ıȴ嵽Ҷ졣
ָ΢
Ҷϴ޾ҫ˾㵵ı֮У˲ס˶ԷϣΪ˲𣿡͡
ҶĶϺеɫ䣬Ȼĵ˳ȥ
ʦ棿
˭Ҳû뵽ȻһΣ˭Ҳ޷󵽣޷ϵʵЩ죬ǰҶûж٣ȻѾô˲ĵס
һС춼ûдﵽˣҲҵǰڣʱʧˣҶ֮д˿˿ɷؿ˵
ǰǰס֣ǿ֮£ڵ˿ʼˡ
ǰҪҵǸˣʱѾ˴ˣһڵĿڽʱҶѾȻһ䣬Խ


1834 ʮһʥ
˴ˣ
ҶʱѾЩ⵹ΪˣһֱŪĸоڵ·ǻɽ緢ı˳γɵޱǿų󵽵Ϣʼ˳
һ̣ˣ˲һֲ϶µ̬ȻΪоҶǿơ
һֺεȿֲƣѪ񡢲пᡢѹȵȵ·һ񶼿ԽԼѹΪһ㡣
˭ˣ
Ҷر÷һЩȻȴҲԸоĵȲ֮ˣٴĻȥΣҲ޷ıˡ
ǰŮҷԵŴǻۣ˱ʶȻǸ˵ǰȴҲĸԴ
һٴεĿ˵
ʱѾҶˣҶΪֱһħһ㣬˿û棬Ҳƣһ֣ƱصĲ飬ǽѹ
˵̬Ǻħû˿ģʱҶ죬ʵǿĺܣȴҲûһ˵ȥ鷳ġ
һ֮ͨ˵ĺ󱲣ʵ͵λ֮жǶģǵǾ˿ĲҪκεɣԻģ
˿˵
˵֮ˣһνӴҶǸУԷԭҶȻ㲻жУǾ㲻ǺøУֻڣڿԼʦ汻Ҷһзϵ֮Ѿ֪ˣԼһǳ׵ߵˣԴҲûҪȥҶԿ뷨
ߣ𣿡
ҶЦ
ǵģǻʮһʥеһˣʮһʥǻبţÿһλǿǵǿᣬʾˣÿһλһԺͺܶϱȽϣǿˣ
Ҷĵ˵ͷ
ڻĵʱ仹ǲ˻ģ⻪ĵ磬˽Ļǲˡ
˼ǣ߳ȵˣһλ⻪ʮһʥ
ţħһԵɵùԲ˸âƺʱ׼˺Ѳ񷣬ƿնһ㡣
ǿֲϢʱеɫһĿ䡣
ʮһʥʮһţÿһλų޷󵽵ǵıִľˣָԶ䱾ϵ˵ʮһҲΪʥһ㣬ԤԣĻԻͽٴε⻪ʮһʥĹǾ޷ڸǵġ
е֮дһĨļɵƺǶνĻʮһʥΪļɵ
߳ȵˣ˭
Ҷ˫Ŀ˿˿ĺ⣬ؿ˵
˭ʸ֪˭𣿺ôĵӣôʮһʥҪߵˣҪ𣿡
һ߰س֣ķâͬһʵ˲˺񷣬Բʮ֮УĽ⿪ʼ۳ݻ߼»û䣬ҡͷβ߰Ե˫
һ˵Ľ֮оȻ˿µĲһԾۼ֮Ľصһ֣㹻ҶΪ֮ˡ
ʥʹػ
Ʒһػ򿪣һʹչֳѸٵĽԼɲҶţħ̬ȻĿԸоĳ⽣֮еһֺεȵݺζ
˵ԼͶԷԿȥĻԼľˡ
Ҷָ΢˲˺һۼ
ƣ
ﵭĺȵ·û˿ĲϢϢڶԷǰȴԨŭΧĽ⡢˲ɢΪޡ
ۡ
һӰĵĴ֮е˳ȥ
ǡʥĵӣ𣡡
𰡣ʮһʥĵһӣŴ˴Сһţصһ޲ڶԷ֮УǽʥԵ˵ģ˵⽣类ּ꣬⻪ʮһʥһϯ֮صġ
ǰǽ𰡣ҵ۾ﾹȻԷһжֿסһﵽʲô·
ʼ
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ϾǽʥĵӣǺ֮гµĻƱػŭʥģʥһŭѪǧɲ˵ġ
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¶˿˿⣬سҶ쿴˹ȥ
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ͬһֻһ㡣
ԭǽţڲǰԼʦʥߣһ֮Ի֣ȫΪ֮һŴѧŵ˶Էչزڸոյĳر飬ղţҶĳȻ£ȴû˼˵𲢲ΪԼҶҪ١
ǽΪʥĴˣǸ߰ޱȣҲԸ֮жһֽᡣ
һԲϣǴ֣
𡭡һλ֮ͨˣвɴ⣬ɵﰡ
ղżʶҶǿĺǣʱǽһż⻪ʮһʥȻ£ǿ⻪ʮһʥǰҶȽϣҲ̶ˡ
εĵȥǶԷ
ߣ֮ͨˣǼʶһʲô֮ͨˣ
Цһ漴ĶҶ켥
Сӣʵ㣬ǸŮˣʦֺǿãԷԵ˱ʦֿˣŲ֮ǾͿԳΪһ壬õĲҪ£Ļ
䣡
û˵꣬һ̣ҶȴѾȻĳ˽ǰ
㡭
ǶôɲٶȣǽڽʥôʱˣȴҲԵû˱̬ٶȣֲٶȾǹȣԷʹõġ
ž
û˵ǴʱҶȴѾֱס˶ԷĲӣ˾֮УؾԼֱۡ
ء
ʱţͬһŮһ㣬ӣ޷ǺεȵĿ¡
ʥǰɡҵҪ⽣ʥǺηʥߵˣҲȥ
ըףȴûκεһ˵Ҷ˵һ仰
ǽʱʼĿҶ죬̬ƺڿһһ㡣
ҶУһеû˿İ취ȥʩչһ˿ĶĿԶûС
ȫȫıסһ
ǡʲô
ľޱȵĽеӭģһɺ죺
ʦ𡭡


1835 
ͼѰҵʦСӣʵ㣬ҵʦһ콾ǿǻʮһʥĽʥǵҶҳ֣Ѿҳˣ̷ϵֻ֣ڵϳҰ˵ŹһΣ㻹˵ִԲǾͲҪûѹ㣬ˣ
Ļòٵ˿ʼüͷΪһʵ̫ĽˣǰζֲڵȻûпԼȨѾ׵ʧˣȴһĵɪ
󵽣һʥȻ˵ŧӡ
ž
ҶһǶݺݵ˹ȥ
ȵ飬Ƽ򵥣ƺЩ鷳ˣҶѾоˣȥû˿ϵԺһʱѾ뵽֮С
ҶԭĿʼЩ˲١
㡭Ҵң
Էƺû뵽Ҷ쾹Ȼ㵨
žžžž
ţħ̲סˣֱӵĿʼ֣һƷҲһս֮Уǽһ졣
ء
ʱѾʧȥԭϢµֻһ޷źǱ̬
ʱԴ׵ͬͷһ㣬֪һݣ˭Ҳ뵽һͷǻʮһʥ֮Уʥĵӣ
㡭ˣ˭ҲȲǣȵҵʦ֪֮ȥѰǵģ£û˿Իסǵģǵɣ
׳ա
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ʮһʥʥ𣿡
ҶǻһĻߡ
ھ֮У˵ԡʥԾӣ֣һϵ˼ϵĿֲǿ󣬾Щǿ˼µˣԡʥˡԾӣ⻪֮УʮһȴֻǸȻҲͼʥҶһֻĸо
СӣʵĸǣǸŮ군ˣʺϵ¯ֻҪʦ֮ϵһоʧŮĪĸԴɵһУҵʦֵĽһ¥Ҷһˣʱأֻת˲ѣ
꣡
Ҷֵѵ˶Էľ

Ĳҽ˳˺ڵĺһĶ£ʱǲ֪ղŵҶǺǵģ׳գҲ֪ǳʲô磬Ȼȥһ̬ʮ
ʥҾȥνĽʥжôĿ£
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ʱĺѾ֪ԼǵһǵĶҲʼί˲٣֪׷ѪͫļһﵽһʲôǴֶ˵ǾԵĿºͱ̬
ߣҷɽ֮꣬ٳ֣ǰĽ⣬Ҫҽǳ׵ţ
ҶԴǣУԷ˿ĵֿ
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ȻģȴҲû˿İ취ھԵǰֻܹѡã򣬵ùĽǣ
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ܹĵطֻһ
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Իͱ֮أһب޾˵ĵطضҳºʹ˵
ţ֮أ֮ҲصŦϵ޲Ǵлȡ޾棬ڣкܶĴ˵
վɽ֮У񷣬һ޾ѸٵڿʼҶѪƺǶܵ˼һ㣬ʼÿ񱩷Ƿ
ءʢ𣿡
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֮սһֱûͣЪսѰ˵սһֳ˵ս
֮Уűŷ˹Ϊ׵ϵ۴磬ϵȨѪ塢ˡڰĴڹ硣
֮УĴ˵޲ݻ
̹ſ졢丸׷ա
ʵǶ޲һϵᡣ
ԴӵԪһձһձ֮ҲңҲͳΪ˶֮ľۼ֮أһƬûκεĵطܹԪȽϡ
ƺµ뷨ˣǰСõϢСѾ𽥵ķãߣССĵҪҳ֣һεʢҲ㹻Ǻһˡ
ҶЦֹ

Ʒ̰˱Ԫ
ǴģڽҶ촫ڵľѧ֮ҲĿʼ𽥴ԼصԪˣõĺܣÿһεĺƷǽѾҪϵһž
֮УصĶʵ̫ˣҪȥоȴҲԵ޷ҵԴͷģ֪һΣ֮УǷã
ҶаԵ˼š
һǻһʢᣬк֮ܶ˶֣Щڷ˵ǾһˣȴҲֻһȺеˡ
ܹ뵽ˣȻĲǷˣϾؿƷʵȴҲֻһƬã˶˽ģΪܹ֤һƬеľѾ֮ͨˣͨ˸޷ϿĶ
һεĸ߿̫ˣҵʵϸ״ԪģκΰЩ׵飬ϵûȤ
໥ţһмˣȥʮ굽ʮͷӡ
Уô˵ΪأǺЩ˸ûıȵģǵ˺ǵ˸һϵģ
ǰҪ׷Ѱİֻ׷ϵĶ
˵ۣƫʵǵܹЩѾǲˡ
˵һεʢᣬܿǿǰģʮһʥĳ֣һһǿ֣߳
Ҷ΢΢һ漴˹ȥ
ƺǲҶĶ⼸˵϶ʱ¶˽䱸ɫҶ졣
λˡǵһβμʢᣬ֪ܷһ£
Ҷӿȥ޺ƷţħһôʲôˣˣȻ䱸ȴҲûôǿҡ
һ˿˵
ʢᣬʮһΣϴξ˵ǰͿˣһΪĳЩͼ뵽ǶʹŲٵǿǿʼ֣ٴβʮͳ֣ƺҲΪһ顣
һԲ꣬ȥΪĽ̸Ц˵
ǶǼ𣿡
ҶĿ⼸ˡ
ѵҶֲǼ˵ǿʿ
ʿֶʱ⼸˵¶һĨӣ̬ҲЩŹƺΪĲм
Ķܶ࣬Ǵ󲿷ֶӡ
ҶεĿЦ
ߣʿһûҩḶ́ûа취дǰ;ģ
һЦ
ԲƺΪΣļҲ˸뿪ֻ
Ǻǣôأ
ҶΪĿΪӡ
ǺǣҶ֣ҲǿʿȻ֪ʿˣ
ΪĿɬ
ԭСöԼĽ뵽ģΪûʦָ㣬ټľûнι̣˵ˮƽޡ
䣬˿˿Σ
мǺðţǻʮһʥԭҲǼ֮ˣҸڱΪʥߣӴ˿˵Ƿ£ĪҲӰ
֮УһĨ̾Ľ
ǺǣҲҲԣ
ҶЦ˵֮УһĨصĲ


1836 ǿ
Ҷ컹кøеģֻǶԷʵԼֻڴʦĳ̶ȣԵһĳ̶ȺʣȻԴﵽʦĵز㹻ĿĳҲһ
Ҷ˽һǴеõ˲ٵѶϢ
ϣҲǲ٣ƽһֱڰٳ֣Ҳкܶʱѡڳ
͡
һĽݺᣬƣ·ʵһ㣬һ޴Ľ۳Ϊʵģ񷣬Ԧϣ˲Ϣ֮˲֮⡣
һӰǵϳһĽâЩâϵش۳Ӱһʮ׵ĽӰ
Ӱ·Щ·ʼסӰ⽣Ӱ֮УԦǵˣÿһ˶Ϣ
ɽĽޣ۱ΪţɽĴУѾʷˣʵߵǿѾһնγɣ
Ľ֮ɫ֮ϵӰ
ɽ𣿡
Ҷ˵
һȺˣԼʮˣȥ޲ǿŮÿ˵϶ŽɫȻЩ˺ţҲǽ
ɽӰҶҲ֪ȺΪʲô˵Ľ
ɽڵĩʱܹһֵѧؼǵĴлûжϲ㣬ȻϺķ涼Ѱ˺ܶܶ࣬ɽԪ棬Ѱ֮صԪҪŨϰٱڵʱΪĶ츣֮һˡ
ЩˣԽһݽʱġ
䡭
ٴεһ̣췭ظ￪ʼڣһϼΪ֮תҪضʼΧȥǿڳ˶ʼɫ
һ̣ط
ԪۣγһУеĲεȵĿֲ֮ˣǸоԼѪҪǿе˺ѵˡ
ʮһʥʮһʥˣ
ͻȻ˼Ľ
֮Уһ޷ڸǵ˷ܣ·ǿͬǿ̽ļ°һ㣬˷̬ܵ޷
ʮһʥ
ֵĳ֣Ҷ춼̲סһĨ֮ġ
ϾʮһʥĴʵ̫ˣЩˡ
֮ϣɣһеĶʮ˵Ķ顣
ÿһλ϶һĨϢ·뵽磬뵽˲񷣬ﶼҪǵǰ
Щˣ󲿷ֵĶһЩϼһÿһƸϢЩˣҶȴĴӶԷϢϸоЩϼһǵĿֲ
ͱһͷڣϴһƾɵƵϼһͬһôɰһ㣬˿ûл˫Ŀ΢΢𣬱һľ˾һҶȴԴǽ֮УоһѪʱڷĲš
ֿ񱩵ĸоҪΪ֮
ǿҵ̬ҶΪ֮üͷ
ʥ۷̶ȣһҪ뵽ˣ
ľ磬ȻĲҶע⵽ģ֮У߲εҲ񼶵еȳ̶ȣЩˣ˵ȴһĴڣǿЩһǿߣǿߣ˭Ҳ޷ȥĿ¸֡
Щ˵УʮһԵøĳڣʮһˣȥλģ֮⣬ļ˴ģϡ
Щˣÿһλĸ̬߱߻߸ǹ
ǣǾʮһʥ㿴Ǹǹǹʥ˵һǹһɽ˴Сõ˹ǿߵĴУʵĺܰ˵ǾȫĻһǹǿգ˺ǳأ
Ľе
Ҷ΢΢ҡҡͷǹʥʵȷʵǲ򵥵ģӺʵεǿȴҲûдﵽһǹǿյӲܸյ˺ǳΪСǿҲԵһġ
ǵʥ͵䣬еĹ㹻͵컻գ֣µúܰ
һλ
ੲݵĶҶţǼӺͱ飬ͷ·վ֮һ㡣
Ҷ˫Ŀ΢΢һ˿ȥֱۻһ񽣣޷棬ȴһâתһһֶĿĸо
ϣͽѾΪһ壬˽һĽУ·񽣼ԦأޱȣվȻٶȲ죬ȴһַϢͬһ񽣵Ľ⻺ԼϾһ
ʥ
ҶĿ꣡
ߡ
ҶһԷ̬ѾںԼˡ
Էƺһ㣬оҶڿԼ漴ĳҶķ˹ȥ˲˫Ŀ֮Уâ˸˫Ŀ·Ľתһ㣬ֿɲĸоǻ˳ˣԻᱻһɿֲĽȵѪأҶȴں
Լնɱ˶ԷһӣӦѾ֪ˣȻϵóԼֳܹ˵̬ȻҲ
Ҷ˫Ŀ˿˿ĺ⣬ŶԷȥߣûгȵӰӣȻ֪ʲôطҶȴҲ̫ż
ѾˣҶ첻ʱնɱ
ߣС󣡡
Ķһ仰ʥϻ¶һĨ⣬漴뿪ڵѾҶ죬ڻǳֵĻᣡ
ÿµĽʥһһһʵԵѾ뵽һ޷󵽵۷ΣУϵĴаöôĻԵſγֲΪ
ϣĽıԽˡ
ʵҲڳ˵һˣȴͳֻԼһ˶ģкܶĵطЩĵطȻȴҲ˺ܶȱݣһ巢ֿµʹࡣ
ҲĽд֮˵ԭ֮һ
ǺǺǣȥĽˣܹﵽڵزҲѾ൱ѵõˣֻҪкȥԿԳΪʦ
ҶĿ˵
ʦⱲӻǲҪˣҪľǸϽĽԼȥȻ󿴿ܲܽԼ£ԵĻⱲҪȥԼ꣬˵һһߵĻᣡ
ȻѾԼĿ⿴׼һˡ
һľ飬ȥĻһԵĿ°빦ģ
ҶصһЦûȥ˵
䡱
ϼٴεĳ֣һΣϼѾ˲񷣬ǲ֮УһʥĹ·Ҫظסһ㡣
شʱڲ
Ԫҵ𶯶
񼶵۷𣿡
Ҷ΢΢һ
ֻ֮УһӰѾس


1837 
һ֮Уŵ񳹣Űٻʢ
أ̵ͬһ㣬ʵĵǰһǿҵͬһŵһϵɢ޾ϣ
شϴεңûл뵽ģ
ȻϢ𺳵Ǹȴһ޷ڸǵļС
éɽɵƿأĴߣǽһפ࣡
ĶҶš
һˣģÿһλʵ񼶵۷徳硣
Ҷ˫ĿϵǿϿţ֮û˿ı飬ûгݣûκεӣΪԵڵĳ̶˵̶ܹȣҲһ˿Դﵽĵزܹ´ﵽǿŬǳġ
䡱
һ͵ļգͬǳգǹ£Ӱ͵ĳش֮С
Ӱ·ǹϵĻµĺۼڹİ
ǵĳֶʱصϢȾ˼¡
֮Ϲ֣
Ž
Ҳ¶˾ɫ
ʮһʥҲ޲ھ쳣·Ǽʲô˼һ㣬Ϊ֮Ϊ֮Ϊ֮¡
ҶҲǺݺݵһǡ
ߵʵʵ̫ˣǵȻѾ񼶵۷壬ֻ۷壬һֻŶѾ뵽СǾĲˡ
ڵ򣬾½֮У񼶶ޱȺĴڣСǲȥˣڵȴСǿߣһô𺳵顣
ءû뵽һεĳ֣Ȼ֮ǿְ߳
еһ˸̾˵
ɫ󣬸һȻķζɢϢӶ嫣˷·Ǻںһһ㡣
ӦñǲϹ֣
ǰʷĳɢһ콾ʹ˵ϼһﾹȻҲٴεĴڵڣٴεļôС
֮ͷϽ֯ڣϴһۣݿݣȴһת
һǿ߾ȻţҾȻǿߣңߣʱˣȴû뵽ûΪһ¥
ޱȣ·ǿһ㡣
ء
ߵĸ̾һ
ۣ֮֮УԴ
ǿĹݣڳݣ޲һֳ֮顣
һ̣ǵĳ˼ݵˣе
أ񷣬ϼһﾹȻŰӶΪأ
һݳ
ʱĿռһŤһֻצ̽ѸٵĳץȥצңʵȴǷһ޷ڸǵǿϣضһĻ谵
ͻצǿɫ䡣
ǿֲȴǿԵֿסģȻоȴҲ޿κΡ
Ǻǡϼһﰡû뵽㾹ȻҲûۣ
ص¶һĨϲ漴ĳһǿѰһУǵȴӿһɫһָֻӡٵײצ֮ϡ
䣡
ʯ쾪ʱգϼ˸ߵĳȴصϼһƬѡ
Ȼǿᣬأ㾹Ȼûбһд
ԷɴҴһİԵ֮
漴Ŀռ䱻ѿһۼͬǿռ֮һ㣬ʱһӰŷ漴һλŵ۵л˳
Էһͷ趯ɫͫ˸ŵ֮ͬ۽һ㣬񻮹ϵҫȫ
ۡ⡭һﾹȻҲû
˶׵ķˣ˫ĿɵùԲ·ǿʲô˼һ㣬޷ڸǵľ֮ɫѾ׵ˣϵĲǣҶ֪ѾϢƽȣĻһһƵġ
ǧʱ䣬ƶ֮սѾôõʱˣ
۵¶һĨįɫ
ǰΪһöǴ֣ȴǷһ㣡
Ϲָ̾˵
ǿٴεĹǿǲȥǡ
һֻԭԩδɢ˭֪ȻԵɺϣڱһյʱ֮󣬲ҪڵˣľȻһǧʬ
ʬϵĴڡ
ȻʬޣȴҲһĨѪͳǿ֮£ԷʼУǧʬδ࣬һ˿δ䣬õĪĻԵӴ˻ΪʬΪǧ֮󣬺ճ̵һȷѪꡣ
ۡϹ֮֡ߣÿһλǾĿǿߣڵ϶Ƕ֮ˡ
ˣȻҲǵĺ󱲣ȴҲûʸ໥վҲֻ໥
ʢᣬһʢᣬҲܿĿʼԡ
Щɣܶ඼ͽͽ󣬻ݻ໥սмȡ飬໥̽ʹĦ
Ҷ찵еĽһӡǷõϣлĻһ
ȻУҶȴ·ǳȻף˿ûбƿأڲϵؿΧΣ֮д˿˿ĵȻ
ľ磬Ϊ˿ȥӵеģǵΪҶӡ
յʱѸٵĹȥˣҶ⼸յʱ֮У֮еһ뷶Χо͸ԹűΪϵʥ֮أԴأʵĲ򵥣ҶĿ£һڳ˯һӡУЩۼ޲ǷССĸ֣ȥͻƵġ
ȻҶ컹̽յĽ֮УѾӭһʢʱ̡
ӡ֤
ӡ֤Ǹ֮ĹС
⻪ʮһʥȻģȴҲ֮Ȼز໥ıȶ
ǾʥŮǴŵõ˾ĴУϵľѧ
ֻһŮ裬һһʽȴŰһӰӣ·ʵһһһʽĪ̲ؼİ
˵Դ棬ûһ˿ͷȥʮ˾ӣȥһ޵ãȴǰһ
Ҳǻʮһʥ֮һȻһãȴҲĸʵͨ죬һжûм˻Ķ֣ǶĽ֮ˣȴʤǽʥʱ¶Ľ֮ɫ
䡭
ʥһͽ⣬˲ƿһ˵ķֱӷϵ˶Է˽һ˲Ϣ֮䣬ͻһеֱԷüġ
ˢ
һͣûж
˵ɫȴޱѿ
еһ˿Լеİǹɫѿ˼¡
ǹʥˣ
ͬʱһߵҲ˵ı飬ԷǹʥʦѺǹĴߣҲһλ֮
ʥ߰ޱȣûںǹʥѿӣ˫Ŀ˿˿ĺâˢһӳһ˹ȥ
㡭նɱҵĵӣȻڴװµӣҹ


1838 ǿƣ
ˢ
һ̣е˶ע⵽˽еҶ죡
ţħƷѾҶǲȥѰҳˣҶڴһпȥ൱ĲۣǴʱе˶ʼע⵽Ҷ졣
һܹʮһʥעˣһֶôµҫ
ʱҵ֮жѾһֺɫҶ죬·ҪҶ쳹׵Ŀ͸һ㡣
˫ĿݺݵصɴˣǶڶţ֮дһֵ֮ɫȫû뵽ԼʶѣȻܹǽʥĵӶնɱһֺεȾ죬ֶΰ

ڳųɾŵܹ󵽵ΨһĴ
ǵģֻ˲ܹ飬Ҳֻˣܹ˵
һ˭
һ֪Ǹ׳գȻǵʥ
ʥһͷϵԵֻҪһ
֮û̫ǿϢǸо˿һʲô˰
ļһһϳˣ
ǿ޲ʼ·ڿһֻȥһ㣬ִ̬ǿҶ졣
ôǵһ
ʵ֮д˿˿ĵ֮ɫϾǿ֮Ҷһ൱ĺøУԼ½ύΪĹġ
Ҷ˫Ŀ΢΢֮д˿˿ĺ⣬˫絶ʱı
޷
Ҷ쵭˵ǽʥ
ҪսҲҪ㣬û뵽㾹ȻԼˣ
Ҷ쳹ʼ˳
Сһе˼
ԭ໥ߣĳ߿˹ȥ֮ȴ¶һĨŹֵɫƺ˼ʲô
ôͽ֮˲ɣ
Ц˵
Щ˵ͣȻĲȥġ
ǹŹֵĸо
֮˵
漴ĿҶһۣЩõ˵
ˣҵĸоƺЩԾ

ҶĻʥЦˣЦĺţǿ£ǴһĨм
ҽ֣С㻹ǸЦʵȻҲͼսΪնɱҵĵӣҶмںս֮˿ϵ㾹ȻԲѵĺս
Ц˳
Ҷû˿⣬վ·ڿһֻСһĿŶԷǻһЦݣ
㡭Ц𣿡
ܵȻƺ൱Ĳм⻰ȴŭ˽ʥ

ϣ
񽣳֣һ޷棬ȴɲŶԷʩչһĽ棬Ľһ̣ضڱ䶯ﶼҪԷѪȼգһ죡
ҶվܣǿǿҶˣȫˣѾɵˣһٵأޱȣǶû¿ԶĿӵĲҪ˵Ҷˣ
Ǿʱ򣬾һҪҶͷ­ն飬Ҫ˲䣬Ҷȴˡ
͡
ָ̧
ϣ
һ֡
˾㵵ı֮УҶȵؽһסˣֻǽסˣǽĽС
ž
һٴεĳ֣һΣ˵ɫȴ׵ı仯
Ҷ쾹Ȼƣ⽣ʥϾһǶ⣡
䣡
һ̣ڵ˵ɫ仯ǵĳ׵ˣûˣûκεһܹ뵽鷢
ʥϣǰ棬һƣһָӡơ
һö޷ˡ
ž
Ҷٴεƣһκε˶ҶĶ첻ٴһơ
žžž
ݺݵشȥҶĳ֣ÿһεĳֶҪ˵඼ѵ
һ̣ҳ׵ɵˣǽʥɵˣû뵽Ҷ쾹Ȼ˵Ŀ£ԼȻ޷谭סԷĳ֣һƣһƵĳ֣û˿谭
ֻǼƣǽʥѾֱӱҶͷ
͵ʱȥǱĺܣʥĳң֮д޷šŭԹɫʱû뵽ԼȻᱻһСȵ̶ϡ
ҶУ˿ŶԷεʩչ޷߶ֺ
ֻһСҵǰҲ˵ķôǣʥһ춼㲻ϵСҲԳʥ
Ҷ
ߣС㲻Լ̫𣿡
һ̲סŭȵ
ֻһߣһ׹ȷվ
˿ȥ࣬վ˲䣬һɽȴ䳹˲񷣬·һʵһ㣬â¶
Ĵߣʥ
Ѿûгˣһնϳ
ǰһλǿߺж֣Դ˽ʥΪ֮һֱϲޱȣ
Сǳ׵군ˡ
ҶĿŽʥ絶罣·Դ̴һ˵
ҲҪս
ҶЦֹĿʥ
ϷɶûгˣСɹŭϷһΪ
ʥ֮д޷ڸǵɷ·̲ޱߵŭȼա
Ҷĵ˵ͷ
˻ڴʱȴЦһ
ƾ㡭Ҳ䣿
䡭
һ߳ȥ˲䣬һƥľݺݵػʥ
ۣ
ʥ·йƤһ㣬ֱӱҶ߷ɵǧ֮⣬ޱȵײ˴һʯ棬˿ֲѪ֮ж޷ŵɫ
ʲô
žôܣ
Ǻηˣ
ǿ֮д𺳣޷ţһĨ㵡
ϸ޷ţŵϴӶҪɳǸԼ̸ЦļһȻһʥҪţĳǿߣ
꣡
ֵ˺ⳤҶһֱӵ߷˽ʥӰһ㣬ȵѹס˶Է
£Ҫ̫ˣ
ڲϹ̲סĿ˵
Ͼص֮һҶΪЩ̫İԵˡ
ҪΪͷ𣿡
Ҷ˿Ĳ¶Է֮д˿˿ĺ⡣
㣡
Ҷ˵ĲأòϹҲЩŭ
䣡
ҶȻıŷ˳Ȼֻʩչ˲ɶѣȴͬٳһ޿ֲĲ˲ĴҶӳ
֮ϣһĳϢӿһ̣ضҪΪ֮
һӰĹ˵ϡ
ǵ֮дŻ֮̿ɫžϲ֮ɫӴڴϣ
֮۶Ĺ˵ϡ
ҶȻվУĮȻƺûжЩ˵ı¶˿Ŀ֮ɫֻĿǽʥﻺ˵
ˣдһŮӣ㣬Ůȥʲôط


1839 
㡭㵽˭
ʱĽʥȻû˸ղŵֽ̬ʱѾʧȥԭ񽣰ķâ
ңŵӣڲ
ĴʱҲѻȸʵϣҶҶֲѹǿʵ̫Ŀˣµ˼ޡ
һĻɫ֮ʼӳش֮ӳ漴ľһĺۼ
žﲻ
ʥɫҰףǴ޷ŵɫ
ɫĳ趯ţɺڲ˸֮еĹâ֮д󲻶
Ҷ죡
һب֮еʥһȻվС
֮䣬ڼӳУ˸ϵҶ˸ţĦţݻΪΪĲ
ЩЩƣ޾ĴڣΪǿ޶޷в͸һ˿һǵȥȴɿԸоһƣһĲ棬۵ͿµƻǶôĿֲ
ꡭ
Ҷһֱֻѵ˽ʥһֱֻۣϴŵĺ⣬ؿ˵ʣ𣬲Ҫ̫ķϻʥҵŤţϵļʱڲʹ޷ľʹ
ʥԴӵõϹʱڵĽ֮Ѿ֪ж೤ʱûоǿֲľʹоˡ
ǣڣٴεĸоˣ˵˵Ŀɲ˵˾
Ҷʲôˣ
Ǻεȵ
Ǻεȵ磿һ֮վϣ£֮ۡϹﶼڵϣû˿Ķӡ
ֱһŵ飡
඼ھҵĲţľϲޱȣʶҶֱⱲΪһ鰡
٣Ҷ̬Ǻܺõġ
ǡǸŮˡ
ʥȻĳһŮ˵ӰǺܿģɫȴ¶һĨϲɫ
ǵģǸŮˣ֪ŮˣǰŹңŹҰɣһᣬһᰡֻǿŮżԣҲŻ㽫ŮӵԼĵģǰһᰡ
ʱĽʥǽһڰҶ첢ûնɱȻ˵ϵնɱѾûʲôˣԼΪʲôҪȥأ
һʲôǰҶ˵ǶԷԼնɱǽԼҲҪֳƿġ
뵽ԼȻΪһĵӺǰı̬ԿеĻںѾ޷ֹĿʼ˳
ֻЩϵĴ֮ˣŹ϶ѪˣŻֲӦˡ
۵Ǻݺݵس鴤˵
ʱû˸ղŵְ
νİԵǿᣬҲԼǿĻϽеģͷ·һֻϣǶԷεǿͿ£ǺʨӶԿϵĿºͰԵƨ
ǵģΨִ˵֮УبʱڵǿŻ˰Ե
ϹΪȻĵ˵ͷ
ǿȻţʵĺһһοûΣˡ֮ȻڵϣǴʱȴû˿Թޣ෴¶óϷӡ
ǿߣ֮УĴԪ֮ڣһеһУѭһԭǿΪˣڴʱҶ죬ΨһĸоǼȴû˿ķŭ˵ûʸȥŭ
ǸŮأ
ҶٴεĿʵ
ǰǰǧҪǸŮڻǺúõģʲôûԭֻҪΪӵģ
ʥĽе
Ҷ˫Ŀȴ˿˿ĺâЦֹĽеΪӣλӽɲô˵ģ˵ģҵλѣһλӿˣҪ䵱¯㣬ôĵӰҶᣬɱ⣬ʱǲҪȥչ˿ȴҲ㹻⽣ʥΪ֮ˡ
ǰǧҪǽĻһһֱΪ޶۲˵ϲ˵ѣŮӵʿƺҶ޷⣬ǾԵĲ˿뷨ģǰ
ʱĽʥУǽһںްԵĻھҪϵɱֱӵɱ
ڽѾϵķϣûȥֵļƽϣȴû뵽ǣһﾹȻԼǵô鷳
ˣˡƣϽĸҹ
ʥ˲䴫˳ȥ
ȻʱĽʥѾٻԼĵˡ
䡭һƿȴڴʱӦѸٵĳ֮УٶȿٵľˣԼĴ˿˿ɺâһĨȻζӿ
һݽթѾ˽ʥǰǴʱȫĳ۶Ѳϴһɲ˺ۣѪʣҲʱһĹâӳЩâ·ǽһ㣬ʱĴݲ塣
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ӦñһεǴʱȻûзΧĲԾڿ˽ʥ˲˵ϴİ
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㡭ҴңƵ嵹˵ϣһѪĺ
죡
ʥޱȣʱһҪԼеĵնɱĳ嶯
ʦ𡭡ڸо˲ԾղŵӵԼʦĴ㼱Ҵҵĳ˳ڲŷ֣ΧĴƺЩžĹˡ
ǸŮʲôط
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ô˭㾹ȻҴңҿǻЩζˣ
ȻоЩԾǿҶȴŭĺ
ž
ٴεһ⣬ڳֵȴҶ죬һֱɫʥ
ʱʥѾ֪ǰҶޱǿᣬ˵ʱٴεȥҶ죬ǲҪ˵ǽʥˣ˶Ҫۡ
ʱѾ¶˾ģԺյӣһҪռȵģģҪҵȵϢ
ʦʦ棡ƵһĨίյʥԼϲޱȵģȴû뵽ǣһԼ˴ˣùķԼˡ
ǸŮȥˣ
ʥ˵˫Ŀ֮Уͬ򽣴һ㣬һɿɲɱ⣺
˵һϻϷ㣡
û˿ĿЦ
ʱе˶֪ǸŮӶҶҪǿԸоĳʱҶѾ½˼£ʱĶбߵΣա
ŮӣǸŮӣʦҪ˵ľ˴֮УӻˣһǸŮ˸ˡ͡
һ˺ƵֱӵĽԴΪ⡣
Ҷ˫Ŀ𣬷˿˿ĺâؿߡ
ǰģһᴦһġ
ʲôЦʱҶĻǾˡ
͡
Ҷû˵һ˲ʧԭüһĿѾһˣһǧ֮⣬ǵߣһסŮҲڲϵŤŽȴûа취һ˵ƿء
̬ǳȻ˭

һ֮ҶɫȻһ˲ɢԭ


1840 ڵƿѪͳ
Ҷ뿪ڳ޲ʼŽʥ˿˹ȥʱǣ֮Ѿ˿˿֮ɫǽʥɫҰ׵˼¡
֪Լ군ˣ׵군ˣȻڲ֪ǵҶԼܹ
ǻģһοҪˣڻһֱǻ񣬻ĵܱЩ޼ɵǻǸˣ
۵һĨ⣬Ŀ˵
ǿ޲ΪȻĵ˵ͷҶĳ֣µĺţһΣĿԴлȡĪĶ͵ġ
䡭
Ҷ廮գٶϿٵľˣͳ˳󣬱ȶ˼ζѣѾԼҪĶ
ȣʱȫһķ֣˿ûжȻڲϵţһĨȴû˿á
͡
ҵĦݳ֮ϣӰѸٵĳ֣ЩӰʮ˵ϣÿһλ϶ޱߵҫâһҫʥȥݵģͷ·ǰǵģϾİһʥϢͷ·ΪϾİһ㣬峺û˿ʡ
һۿȥĤݵ뷨ǶȥϼۣǽӴһʱ䣬һΪΪͷ
ƻεȵĿֲ
ʮӰÿһλıһ覣ѩɫĹâۼ棬ÿһεĻӶԲһëƮӰӡ
Щë棬һӰڳ֣һ㣬Ϊϵʫ裬ϵȥ
ӣ˴ˣû뵽˭Ҳ뵽ھ֮ؾȻҵʥѪ̳ߣû뵽ʥѪ̳߾Ȼһĵˣ
һ˿˵
˿ȥԼʮ䣬ȻѾĳ̶ȣǶԷޱȵĿѩɫļĲ񻰣Ǳһ˸֮У˿˿ĳһ˳ĸо·ҪԼ񶼱Էסһ
ǰһΣ˴ˣҪСһ㣬ĵ˿ǲ򵥰ǷϵǸˣıһµʦ𣬾˵ǻʮһʥ֮еĽʥ⽣ʥǺܿµģȻᣬǶԷѾ㹻ĺЩһǿ߽аˣǱԷץסĻܿҪúܴܹѵġ
һ˵
˽𷢱ۣͬһλ̫֮һĲ񻰣ʵһȺˣÿһλȥԵøĿһ԰ɫȶͬһλλʹһ㣬ĳЩŮ˿Ļ˵û̵ļӯ
ߣڵǣΪǿԵģǾڵѪƿߣ˵̻ʴ֪ĻһޱȿĺͼģˣҲýȥģǽʥȻ£ǵҲδػẦģ
Ա˷
ٸԵΪǿģ־κ˷κε֮ˣ
˵֮дʱøƺǴʱѾڽصĶһ㣬ǿĶͣΪ֮
Ⱥǿڻģеϵۣ
ȴĽе
ҪˣԭԼǿеĴߣϵת֣ڲǰƿƣԷЦĽԼס֮󣬾ҪͼռԼȴû뵽⼸˸֮ˡ
ԭԼΪоˣû뵽ʮһԼ֮󣬱㿪ʼ˫۷⣬漴ıԼʱĳȣᰡ
ʹϷ裿ô°Ҷ磬Ʒţħ磬İ
ʱĳȲ뵽Ҷˡ
ˣ㾹ȻǵΪڵѪߺƿߣ㻹ûţúúõĻţѪĻ꣬һжΪҫһеһж㿴޾ҫģʱʥͿˣ
һ֮б޾Ŀųȡ
ߡҵǺܺ棬Ǹʲô⣬ϵܹʲôϵ۾ȻҲҽԼצչҶϣҿǻˣ
һͻȻĴ˳
˭
󵨣ҫ
˵ֱۣǴ治ҫʥһеʥ࣬ˡﰡ
飡
һâ֣ʱģһâһֻȭͷȭͷݺݵչֳޱߵĳߵϻɱ˹ȥ
С֮һΪʲôµǿߣֻһС˵һ˶ס

˵Ļﻹû£һ̣ȴȻıըˣѪɽԴһ۾֮Уʱ޷ŵɫƺû뵽ԼȻӵû뵽Լôɡ
һ˸ңȭͷԼϵһ˲䣬ľ˲˼£һʥ·Ѹٵ˳ÿһſ˺ɽЩ·ȴûиٵıӻֻת˲ʱѣգ֮Уķ˲䱻˺ѺͶˡ

ٴεһƵıһѪƮ
׵ĴݲгΪѪ
̣ȥʵҲֻգ֮ѣգ۵ʱ֮Уе߾ȻѾ׵˺նɱǿʱɫѿ֮
Լͬûʱȥʹ࣬׷׵ŭȵ

žžž
֮У˸䣬һʥʹӰʼǵڱ˳
ʥȼٵγһİɫ
䳹˲񷣬·ʵһ㣬棬ʥӡʥͽʥڸ̣ڲϵݻΪµ
͡
ռ伤һӰر
׷趯ɺ˸һʱڵİɫһ۶׹һĸо⡣
ڿ˴֮ǳȵС϶ʱ¶˾ϲޱȵɫ
Ҷ磿
ϲ޷ţ
ȵʵļһѣȴû뵽ƽҶ죬Ȼ˿µ
˭Ҫʲô
һ˵΢΢һգʱһ貵ʥչֳһʵ廯ʥǹ
ϸʥƣһ׹ӵױס塣
ЩҶ쵹˽⣬ƽٸԿʿǣھʱ֮󣬼ӳֳĿֲʥȻȴҲӴС
˭Ҫһ֮У֮ϣȻҲͼһĵˣٸԵ˻Խķˣʱȥٸҽ̻϶ȥ̸̸ˣ
Ҷ쵭˵֮УٸԵĵһƿأ̻ʣû˿ؿԡ
󵨣⻪ĵˣȻ½̻ʴˣĻĽֻб
ߣҶϺŮʥڵѪߺƿߣڽἤ޾κε˶޷ƵĶͽᱻǿߣ


1841 ٸԵƿ
ߣǻҪߣ
ҶЩɭȻ˵
⵹һȺˣʵȺһﻹЩ֪ˣǵԺԿڻͼų뿪ⲻڿ
ߣˣĵˣҫأǻģȴû˿ãȫΪһȺֻг׵նɱǣܹҫһƬڰĹȣΪҫ㽫ᱻɣ
˲ٷϻеʥǹʱ貵Ĺâǹһɲʥڲ˸ڱµҪһе谭һ㡣
ӦҲͰˣ˵ȴû˿ã
Ҷﵭ˵
䡱
һȭӶҶȭͨ죬ȴѡΪֱӵķʽΪ򵥵·һȭɱû˿Ļֶκ㷽ʽȴΪǿͿµġ
Ҷǿᵽĵزϵǿ֮ˣҲδܹ󵽵Ŀֲ;ˡ
飡
Ҷһ̤㣬ǰȥһȭѣҶ˵ȴ·޾貹һ̤գͷ·Ψһһһ

ǰӣҶһȭɱʥǹ֮ϣʱʥǹޱҫʥââ֮УԷȴڲͰһȭֱӵıɱ˼£ʥǹѳΪһؽصӡ
ֻǿԵûΪʥǹĶѶı䣬ĺɱ˴˵档
ۡ
ѪԷ棬һҲһ괫еʥſµҫӳ֣ȴҲ޷ֹסҶһžУȻıը
һ̣ѪʼѾֱӵĻһ⣬ѻ
߰
ʱʣ²ʮ˵Ķ飬ڿԼһͬ鱻նɱ֮󣬽ǵӶҪˣʱʲô壬ʲôĶͣʲôϵҫǰͳͳĶʧȥԼ
׷׵Ŀʼĺ
ߣߣ
Ҷһһ˵ٴγ֣ϵĳȽ

ǿ
ȵúͼֵʵ̫ˣһη˳ȣǾһΰĻκ˶޷Ī
ɱɱ֮ˣɱ
ĺ
֪ǰҶޱǿ󣬼֪ҪֿסҶϼѣȴɲںںǳȡ
⼸֪ļһҶΪľȡ
ȵݣԭǼ򵥵ģһҶ컹ΪŵģֻڿĻȵӦҲĳֽɣûҲô˵ע⡣
ҵûп
ҶаԵ˼š
ʥã
ʥʮ֡ҫ֮ŭ
ѹ

ŭһϵİɫʥѾŨ£ϵϵΧǵΧʱʹӰĵӡ
Բ׵ķΧʱһɱϢ
ߡ
Ҷһһץϴ˿˿Ĺ°
֪Ķ
һΣĳֻ֣һץǾһץȴ·ǽռƿһϵٵ£ݻΪһֽҪϢĲ
Ѻ۷ɿĲȥ
䡱
꣡
ҲˣεܹǶԿ
һ˵ʱϵ·ԽԽ࣬ǹѵĺۼѪʣȥޱȵ񣬺ԭʥȽˣҶȴ˿Ĳ⣬ԷŲ

ЦһǿΪûνķ֮˵ķĮڻĵĵϾ׽ˣǾΪǿԳǿѣûʲôġ
ҫ
ž
ԷͻȻĹ˵ϣĺ
ȼ֮꣬ȼ֮ģȼ֮Ѫ⣬ʥ۾ͽĲɣ
˲񷣬ݵĺԶʱһɺ嫵ҲʼӶԷڿٵı˳
žžž
ʣµˣƺҲʼ¶˾ģĹ˵ϣ
ž
ҶһץȻԷֿ
һɫʥʼۣ˰ռ䣬ǿռ֮УγһƬµľһʥƥľ̲޾ϣһֳͽ
˭˵ҫĶͣͽ䣡
һİͻȻĴ˭޷죬Ȼһ˿ϵζ
ϣ
һӰس˳
һϵӰһʥۣŻϢ޾ҫ緱һΧƣȴһһ㡣
һȨȣһֻһͨʱȻʥҫ֮
䣡
һӰӰޱȣԹɫ޷ڸǵķŭ֮ȼ
Ʒ򣿾Ȼ㣿㾹Ȼţ
Ӱĳ֣Ӱ΢΢һȻ˵ˡ
ǵģһߵӰƷŭǴһ˿Թ֮ɫĿǰӰӰߴ׵ĵز֮ʥҪһжҪ˺ѵһ㡣
ľΪ۴аֶΣ̻϶û뵽ٴεļˡ
Ʒ֮Уһɿµȼš
˫ĿԹޱȣȻղţоҫϢܲķ˹
ٸԵƿû뵽ǸƵͷ
ţħм֮ɫĿ̻ʵӰЦ˵
ƷȻһˣûҫػ㣬ȴû뵽㵽ڻڤ粻飬а֮С
ǽ̻ʵʹļ׵ĺ
ˣƨҫɱİŮˣԺҾҲǹƨҫˣҲţȴɿԼԦǹƨǶ׫ġ
˵Ĵ治ֻóͽǣ
̻ʴˣһҪնɱǰǸŮˣǸŮǾڵѪߣǿԴϸоϢ
ʲô
ЩȼԼʥʿǣĽеȴý̻ʵɫһľޱ䡣
ҲûֱӶҶ˳ˡ
ͽ䣡
ʥʮֵٵıһﲻǽ̻ʣȻֻǱٻһӰϾȻҲﵽһĵزҶ챣صĹƣһڵȻ۷ĳ̶ϡ
˵Ѿ㹻Сĵز
ɣƷԭһ֮µģ
̻ʻеȨȣһʥչֳȥ˺谭϶һɲѺۡ
ߡҵǰһĴ֮УЩĵı΢һȻҲ˵ķ
Ҷ̤ȻľһȭҪ̻ʵӰ


1842 ȵĿ
䡱
˷ȫ
κεƺҶһȭ֮£׵ѹû˿صӣһȭѾ̲ؼ̲޾ϣһȭ֮£ﳼ
һȭ̫ǿˣǽ̻οȥģ֮дžɫ·޷ţ
䡱
ʥγɵĹâֽͬһ㣬һȭѵˡ
ʥã
ƷĺһʥʹĹâʼ֡
͡
ͬһ㣬˲һâĴ̴˽̻ʵüģ
̻ʣȥɣƷүүһȥٸԽԴժȥġ
ڽ̻Ƿŭ֮УӰ׵ɢȫɢ֮С
ȫĲһϣ̻ʵķǽ̻εŭ𣬵ȴվ޷ıһУֻܷŭĿҶƷ򣬴ޱ̰ɫڳȵɨɢˣ
ΪʲôĻǿⲻܣ
ģȴ޿κΣҶԵֿסġ
飡
ٸԣ
һ֡
һ޴Ĵ֮Уһ˵ҵĲ˼֡
顱
ٴεһҵıը֡
˵ü֮УһѺ۳֡
Ѫ˳ֻһѪȴʺɫǴİɫɫĺۼ
˵ӣǽ̻ʵӣʱû˿ʹ֮ɫֻǿԼƣҫâ˸ϵš
ġڵѪߣΪʲôڻ֮У
̻ʵ඼ڳ鴤š
ģȴ޿κΡ
ǿʥ֮һ̻ź
ٸԱΪʥͥʥʥÿһžԵ˳ΪһĴڣҲٸԵĵλǿԭ֮һ
ʥʥ׳桢ʥڣ
ʥϵ۵ӳУÿһԲ˼⾣ڣеƻΪֲģţ̲ϵ۵־һֿµ⾣Ϊⱻӡ
ֻоڵѪ߲ſԽƷӡ
νѪߣ˵ޱȴĴڣǵѪʥĴеķӡǿֲ׵ͷų
Ǹ֮СҳֵҲֻһӰѣĻԵĿҵӵ£ʱʥ׳ʥǿڲ֮أģεģҪߡ֮أϵĴΣŭǿ󵽡
֣ʱ֮гһʥɫӵܣ˼ʹʷʫʡ
̻ʣ
ƷﲻϵشڴϢţղŵȫȴҲǴ˶ԷһѣһҶĵֿ²Ż˵û
Ҷ٣ң
Ҷ죬Ʒ¶˰ɫ
İɣһһģȻһԼȥ
νٸԣҶҲһĨɱ⣬ﵭ˵
лҶ١
ƷȻ֪ҶԸоţħԽ̻һ㣬ȥ
֪һΪʲô˵Ŀºǿ
߰ɣǲҪȥˣҵÿСѾͷڵʲôΪʲô˵Ŀ£
Ѿ˯ȥĳȣҶ컺ؿ˵
СһȷʵǹصģȥֻһѰ֮ˣȴǸʲӵĽ̻ʶΪ֮Ķ
ţħҲҴˡ
ع鵽֮󣬽ʥ飬ҶѾȥС£Ҷ˵ȷʵǲϵġ
ҶһУһϵĴУҶӴļеһѣƾŶԷ㹻Ĵﵽһֲĳ̶ȵġ
Ȼع鵽˵ҶҲʲô£֮¥һǧİֵ׭ģЩһ⣬Ҷ̫ˣȻֻһǧİ֣ܹе⾳㹻ݺ޵еĵزġ
ߣǵѾѹƺܾˣ֮ûͻƣһΪϵԪ棬һΪϵĴл̫ˡ
ҶҲֹһֵĴУЩ㹻ǽܶġ
ٴεĴǧʱҲ⡣
һ֮ҶҲʼֳȵˡ
Ⱦ⼸յı;֮󣬾һֱΪ˯ҲҲʡȥҶ첻ٵ鷳
СѾͷ˯˹ȥҶ컹Ǵһĳ˯ȥһѾʼ̽ȥ
ȵȻ󣬵⽿ĵǲףһԱ⿴ȥǷ׻ȱΰʤգǷκεһǰ԰ѳֵģҶ־ˣҶҲû뷨ֻԵ˲һӵʱ䣬ٵĿʼʩչˡ
͡
һѸٵӵ˳ȵڡ
ʱԷڣ֫ٺһУ޲ҶȻ֮С
ûСʲôûС
Ҷһݣû뵽ԼȻʲôûҵ⵹ҶΪľȡ
ԭûзȵ֮ѾʧˣڣȥʩչȻûҵһ˿
ԾٸԼȻԿȵĲ֮ȻԵġ
Ҷҡҡͷ
ѵ˵
ͻȻ֮䣬Ҷ΢΢һ͵뵽һ⡣
ȻⲻϣǾˡ
Ҷ˿ĲҴ⣬ѸٵԼ֮ӳУѸٵİΧס˳ȵꡣ
䡭
һɺ嫵ѸٵĿʼ˳ڳȵ꣬Ѿĳ̶ˣ˵ǿѹǾǿ߶кܶԱġ
ʲô
ȵȻڳ˯ȴһػػ겻ܵ˿ĸš
䡱
ɲѹǵصĳҶѹȻǷҶ֣ǻҲʧɫǶҶ˵û˿ѹųȵı֣ҶԽľ
СһȻĲ򵥰˵õʲôܵת֮˿ֲѹ⻹ֻڳ˯֮УѵĻ˵Ѿˣ
ǿ꣬ųȵڲȻӴͨȥԿġ
ãȥĻȵġ
Ҷһ㶣漴Ŀٵѡ˳֡
ҲʱһػȴѸٵĳҶ췴˹ȥⷴҶһ֮£ҲȻıˡ

û뵽Լᱻһ˯УҶǽһư
¡¡
ҶٵĽӡ˳ȥ
䡱
Ӵݺݵر뵽˵֮УҶһݣŶԷ˥ʱ̣ٵļ֣ȵٴεķӡ
һεķӡǳ׵ķӡסԷ꣬ҶоӦĳֻأ껹ڳ˯֮У˵Ҷ첻ȥ̼Էǽһ֣֮ȥӡкܴһҲΪ˽ȵĿ֮ڸҲȥС鷳ġ
ڸ㶨ˣ
͡
ڴʱһâȴѸٵĳ֣һâҶͬһ㣬ʸ־Ҫ̴Ҷ졭


1843 ˳߾
һâѸͣ·һɫĶһ㣬ǡõ׼ʱѸٵĳ֣ʱҶڷɵʱǻˣʱ֣ȻĿԴﵽҪЧǶҶ˵ȴû˿á
飡
ţħƷ򶼲ߣȻĸоֲɱ⣬ʵһɱ⡣
飡
ţħǿеĳ֣ǿе߿˷ţֱӵһȭȥ
衭
ħţŭ𣬶ʱħ죬ǳ޲쳣һȭӴֲ͵ģڵȻܹԳ֮
䡭
޴ţħһâײΧĽͬǴݿһ㣬ѸٵĻ촷ֲۣ˳˵󣬶ҿֲƺݻѺ𵴵̬Ҳ˵ע⡣
ʲô飿
ȵĳ
֮ͲϹҲѸٵĸĳҶţħһ˿ȥ
ž
Ҷ쿴Լеһâ
һʵʰĹâµѾﵽһµĵزˣǿĲ߶ſֲڲϵţѾҶסˣȴͬһĶһ㣬Ťֹ
Ǻڰа̲صĲɭȻ̹ǣҪɱң
ɫЩѿη壬ǿ޵Уǹ׶㰵ѷҶ춼޷֤Լ޵Уڰ֮ӵаҶǿԴһоһǿҵ˺Ѳ
עˡ
˭˵ķ
۵ɫޱѿ漴ĳ֮ͲϹֿ˹ȥ
ߵɫҲЩ࣬ҶݺˣλȻĴпֲڣǶ޷϶ҶĴежôĿֲ;ˣȴ˵ҶҶ֣֮г֣ڶơ
űӦǹűаĺܣ
۽ӹҶһڰصĿ˵
˭һˣ
Ϲֵɫޱѿ˵
أǵĵϣҶݺʵǳȻģȴ˸Ϯˣ˵Ǿһ裬һĪ裬һҪնɱ
ǲϹֻ֮ǿȥλȻʵȴײ֮֮޲ɱ¾֮ˣʱŭȻ֮еֿµɱ¾֮Ϊ֮
ҵˣĻ쵰ȻصôԶ
ţħͻȻĿ˵
Ҷĵ˵ͷ漴Ķۻ˵
Ůӣǰչ˺ãȥˣ
ʵȻĿѸٵҵǳֵļһ
ǣǰģŮһչ˺ã
˵
Ҷĵ˵ͷѸٵĳһ˹ȥ
ھ֮дԼ֮ңһɽ֮УӰȻĶ˺˲񷣬һɫ·һ㣬ǵϿʼͷų׵ı㽫һƬѳΪ촷ۡ
һﾹȻȥˣҽҵһ׵ƿطˣ֮Ҳˣȴһģ˷ɣȴܹʱˣһѾˣ
еһĺǵǻĵԣǺͻΪƣҿ죬СŻе
ˣһĿ࣬һĽСȴ޲һֵһۿȥ֪ײ֮ȻĲʲôˡ
ߵϴһ˿˿ħ˸ÿһ˵Ѫ֮൱ŨһҲͷϿһ㣺
ǵģ˱û뵽ľȻǿߣɣĻǵ彫ž޴鷳ģҪѹ
˵֮ȻĽСֻһҵӣȴһִصϢ·Ұһ㣬Ϲһöľ޴ӡ
һ澵ǽٶȼӿ죬ڿзˡϡײ֮һŻĳ嶯ƺԼ궼Ҫһ
һ˲Ϲһװһװ棬Ҳǽһ·ÿһ൱ƺһֹƣԼԸоһҰ޿š
ߵϣһаҲǴɢġ
Ҫ𣿡
߿񱼵ʱ̣Ȼһߵ˳֮УһĨµ·ǴӾĳֵħһ˵Ȼһĺ⡣
֮ߵҲһĲ׹߰Ĳϡ
֮ϣһӰţ·һ磬һ磬û˿һ㣬֮У˵վ档
ѩɫĳƮһɺ˸˿˿˫絶գһۣƺҪϽԼ屻ˣ˺һǸһʹĸо
ǿҵĸоҲʱһֿµѹ
˭
໥Ķһۣ漴Ŀʵ
һҶвɵһЦ߸ղŶԼˣȴװһʶԼӣ̬ΪĶġ
ҵȻǾܹоˣֻһط֣ߵĿҶѾ뵽ߵݡС
߲ǸղŶҳΪηǲأ˵
ȥɣ
ȻĴ˳ѸٵĽӡһ㣬Ȼȵĳˡ
ĽС֮ˣʩչһ޴ľӣʱһһ㣬ѸٵΪʵʣһǴӲϿٵĽԼһ׹УһĲϵĦţһѸٻ˿ֲ˺
䣡
޴ûʱһֻӴ֮г֣·յ˼䣬Ĺâ׵Ҷ塣
¡¡
ѹϢ漴ݻ˼¡
ڲһħߵӰζȥޱȣֲаϢۼһ𣬸һ޷ͱϢ
ÿµıʲôȻ˿ֲϢ
Ҷ˫â˸ϢղŸоϢһģһ˶ߵɱȻıǡ
ɫ䣬ƻһֻ֣Ȼ˲񷣬ͬһ޴һ㣬һֻ۾ն˹ȥ
׳գҴͼԼ⣬Ǿе
֮˵֮д˿˿ľϲû뵽Ҷ쾹Ȼ˵Ŀ󣬵˵ȴһĪĺ¡
䣡
һֲľȻķҶƻֵһĵγһĵƣ⵶ƲϵɢҶʼɢ֮޲γΪ͵߾֮Уʱһֻ۾ȻҶѵ
ȣ
ҶѪ죬˫̤ʱһֻŴĻݺݵسߵ̤ȥ
ãʩչ˳߾


1844 ͻȻ
Ҷǵû뵽ǰҶ쾹ȻԵ㽫ǵĽ飬ȫӵе
ǵ֮ее֡
ǲ꽣˳߾
Ϊǿıǲ꽣СһλϵӵеıϹħްߵڣıǿŮ֮һմӵУ̲صſնϿռ䣬һҲֻǴ˵ˡ
˳߾ͰǿȴҲɵġ
˳߾ӵϵķһչ㹻Լڲ֮أȻΪأ̲صĿֲȴǳ󵽵ġ
С֮жǿߣ֮һֱػʱԭҪͼնɱҶģȴû뵽ҶȻ˵İԵֻѵĳ֡
˸£֧ˣ
ҶİԵԷ׷׵ŭ
еһˣǽԼеİ˳߾
ʱһķĸӵ˸һĽ磬ѸٵĽǵУǿµķǿһ۶ԴеĲϸоǿֲȡ
Ҷȴû⣬Ԧһʱķš
һŴźɵ·سʼеһ㣬ֲһеһźƺƵı㹻һе谭
ʲô
ߵ֮д޷ڸǵľ֮ɫû뵽Ҷ쾹Ȼɢ˿ֲϡ
֮ϣһʱһֲĻ档
һ޴һȥһ޴֮ȣٵأңֲϵ³һĿռγһֲʵѺۡ
ֲ̫Ŀֲˡ
˳߾
о֮ϣǿֲѹڷ³ʱߵѾþ쳣ǷĲҽ
䡱
˳߾棬Ĺâ˸ǿĿķĶÿεٶڲţȻеѾǴﵽ˼¡
ߡ
Ҷһ˿Цںߵķ
µ𣿡
ķ̾ҶɫȴȻıñ
ССĵڵʱ仹ǧ꣬ȻҲһδεսĵĵߣҾν񵽵ֿܹܲסҵһţ
䡱

һ޴ʹ˴ݳһ̣һ˺ѸٵҶ磬ľˣһΣһŵԵǷҶ콫ʮƵӳ
ʮƣǾǰٱļӳ֣̲һ㹻ʧɫ
꣡
ڵģ߾֮Уǰ˳߾ҵĲ˼֮󣬿ٵķž

һ쳹ҶȻѹȥ
顱
ŵһҵĲͱ֮󣬵Ѿݺݵ³ס
Ԫۣ֮
ҶüһȻߵ׵Ļ࣬νҲ׵γƬ
γ˷ĩ
ߣҲ𣿡
Ҷһ˿ⲻм˵
Ǿʱȴ΢΢һԪ֮ٴεȥ
Ծ
ǵĲԾǰȻγ촷ۣ˳߾ƺЩԾ
ҶļԪ֮ʩչѸٵ쵽˵׵ĵط˳߾ƬУҶȴһĺɫħѸٵӣٶȿٵľˡ
ô£
΢ҶҪʩչ㽫һĺɫѼһ̣һɿֲϾȻɫ֮п񱩵ͷ˳

ͬһֻԨħŭһ֮оȻɫ
һѸٵһƬգĿȥֻԲķΧȻʼγī̬ҶʵȻûа취оΡ
ߡ
ҶһѸٵʩչͨɳȥ
֪ΪʲôоЩԾȻС£Ϣȴһ˿Ծĸо
ǾҶڿն˲䣬һֲȻ
𡭡
һһֻīĺڰצѸٵĳҶץһֻצ棬ԩ֮Уڰ䣬תҸһ޵Ŀ־У·ԼһƬԨ֮һ
װŪ
Ҷŭһһ˸һεȫĳֳε̬

쳹˲񷣬ĺڰԶϵĲ
֣
Ҷʩչֵ
һΣҶѾʩչ߳ɵĵزҲص˵֮ʩչΪǿһˡ
¡¡
ıǣʱضʼıɫޱߵ׷׵ѹ
顱
Ҷƿ֣ʩչһ֣֮Ѹٵ˺ѵΧƹĺڰצ
ҡƣ
Ҷһ֣׵ѵ׵Ĳ񷣬ѷϵĳ֡
ȸ࣡죡֮ʥƥǧʥ޾ҫ
䣡
ȸһ޴ȸ࣬һɺ嫵ĲĿռԽԽࡣ
ðԵÿµľѧȻ˵磬ߺߣȷһϺõ
һش˳


1845 Ͼɱ
䡱
֮Уһɿµ·ǿԶ˵˵Ҷɫ΢΢һ䣬Ȼû뵽龹Ȼӡ
ڵȴû˵ӣ֮ѣҶ˵㲻ʲô
ǹģСӣԸȷʵȴԽϲˣʵ̫ˣ𵱳ռ˵޷ġ
쳹֮Уǳֳһ˿̰ͷ
Ԫۣ֮
Ҷû˵ȴƿؼԪۣ֮ٵĳһطȥ
͡
װŪģҹ
䣡
ҶһָһָԻ񷣬صʱһʼ˹ȥ
Ҷ쿴൱һӰš
С㾹ȻҺҶԿΪҵʱ˴룬ҵĶ֣ȻҺƣҪ֪ҵ
һаǿ޷Ŀֲ˲Ĵ˷ʼ
һа˼£ȻͻҶĳֱ֣ӵĽҶӳȥһΣڵҶע⡣
ʲôȻ԰ҵɵ
ҶһΣʩչһָ̲иǳ֮֮Ĳ˾ǽӴһ˿˲ġ
һﲻû˵ı෴ģɵԼֱǲ˼飡
ڣҰɡ
Էƺ̽һڰһΪʵʣ˺ɫצצƺצһ㣬ȴһаӵЩªǶԷӶ֮УȴҶĸоΧһĿֲѡ
һĳӦǰǰ˳߾֮Уֻǲ֪ǱӡˣΪԭеģһΣѵ˰˳߾ǽһͷ˳ߣҲͼҶԿ𣿡
һȻɵҶҶȴģһûǾʧȥ˺ԼаʱˣҶӴֲ꣬ü֮УʥӤ򣬸ŰػһȻǿ󣬵˵Լ鷳Ǿ
ҶҲҴ⣬оĳһȷʵ൱Ŀֲģ˵ԼȥСһ㣬˵ûķȥ
ȷʵ֪ˣӲźãܺãСӣߵһҶչ˺õģŮҲˣһǰչ˵ġ
һаѸٵҶڡ
ǶԷаޱȵаͬǾĵаһ㣬̹ǣҶ챾˶̲סĴһȴɺš
Сӣʵ̫ˣ˵˵ҵõĻ԰ˣҵԿٵĻָ綼ΪҵģǸʱһжƿأҪļ䣬㵽ʲôˣΪҵĳ֣Ϊߣˣ԰ˣҫˣΪһһ٣޾ҫ
ੲݵ˵ţаħϵ뵽Ҷ֫ٺ
𣿡
Ҷ첻ÿɷЦ
̬ȴ׵ļŭ˶Է
Сʱ㾹Ȼ˵Ľ군ˣ㳹׵군ˣڵõ֮ҽһУҪ꣬㿴ζԴŮ˵ģôʱˣҾȻôʱûƷŮ˵ζˣ
ƺΪԼĿԵõҶƺѾʼˣʱĶԷѾ¶˵Ц
Ҷɫ΢΢һ䣬εģһˣɡ
µԼŮˣǶҶһ裬Ī衣
ʲô
ȻģһаܽҶü֮У޾֮
ʷʫŮ裬ʥڸ̣Ƶڲϵϵ棬޾֮ٵĴܳγʵʡ
һδεϵ棬ɢûΪ˷ģʥķġ
ʥӤУһĶȻ˫Ŀˡ
͡
ͬУʱͿռ谭Ӱǰ
̡
ʱâ˶Է塣
⡭ʲôΪʲô˵ǿ󣿡
һӰĺȻҶǰֻһڽڽڵ⣬ţš
оʥӤĴڣһ޵С¡ΰʥ·ͬǺɵˣǸ߸ϣҵĴڡ
ϣ
ǵģԼϣ
䡭
Ӱڵ֪ˣģ׵Ķ˳
һͷɢаĺɫâͷϵֻ棬аħЦӰӡ
ʱȴҴˣов
ã˿˳ʲôȻ˵ĿֲãҪ뿪ҪϽ뿪
ħħ֣֮ƣƣƣ
ʱģħʼħӰʥӤʼˡ
ʥӤ˫ĿɢŴĿâʥâ޷Ĺԣſ֮д޾Ϻŭ⣺

ʥӤˡ
䣡
Ѹٵչĸ̡֣޾ʥԳ׵İΧסҶ塣
ˢ

ǰ޵׳֮У˲ʱ̣㽫Է׵İ˾ųɵĵزһԭǲʱٴεı˾ųɣȻĸϡ
ãúݵֶΣСӣţһģ
Է˫ֿٵĽӡʱĴԼʮεĽӡγһ޷ݵĲıȻһŻ֡
ߡҪ𣿡
Ҷһ˿⣬Ц
䡭
һ̣Ҷ͵ı˳
꣬һҲֻҪҶ㲻ģ¶ԷŻĵһ뵽Լڵġ
һҲ鷳Ҷ֮뵽ԼڣΪ˽䳹׵εĻܡ
û뵽һڰŻȻµĺܣҶոյĺɱȥѾŻ֮УȻֻһˣҶȴɷŭޱȡ
Ԫۣ֮
һӲ̫ԶҶ

֮ܿĵطҶҵһټ
߲
ʱǧ֮ƺƵı
Ҷ廯һȻĳŶԷѸٵ׷Ѱ˹ȥ
͡
һʮ
ֻգ۵ʱѣҶѾ׷֮ĵط
СӣϾɱö񶾵뷨
ͷħĺ
Ǵռҵ֮û˿ϵģȴҪռҵҪҵһУӵĻǾͲҪˣ
Ҷ˫Ŀ˿˿âؿ˵


1846 Ұ

ԷƺҲѾ֪Լһˣˣĺ
𣿡
ҶЦһָָʱһ֮ٵѸٵĻһ񱩷籩
ѷ
ϵľѧȻǳĿֲһΣҶĳ֣ȻΧĿռ䳹׵İΧ
ħ
ͷħĺУʱƵĺâ˸ʼƴˣʱ߳һƬ֮ϣħ죬Ⱦ޵ķΧ֮С
ҶĴѷǹϵľѧŵϿֲһҶĳȻĳһ֮£ѸٵĽⷽԲ޾Ŀռ䶼

һ֣·ʥּͬ⣬־̲κ˶޷ȥֿ־ͷħޱȵĿֲȴҲ޷ҶԿ
УҶ˼Ԫ֮֮ǿһһУԸʵ֮С

һĲҽݵĺԶҶͶԷײһ𣬶ʱﶼڷڣضʧɫĺ棬ƾյһľˡ
漴ȥͷħѾ׵Ŀʼ

һҶоΪһѾȫʢڵĵزԼǲұ֤ܸܲ㶨Է
һӣȥ಻մߣҶ쵹ǺԷˣϾӽ뵽˵ʼҶûжùȫӵûбʲôвڣһΪԼȣȫϵĽԼпܻΪǱġ
ԭۼһҶȻһԽĺ

һĲҽ֮һӡǳ׵ɢһļҲʼҶǺܿĿд֮Ҷȴ̲סľһĽ
һȻǸ򵥵ԷȻ֮ǰҲ˵һºǹˣﾹȻԴڵڣҲҶаԵһĨ裬һԴڣѱﲻĴȥ
ĴŵĻѱԼӦ
ﾹȻӵһ˿صѪͳӴħ꣬һСмֵϵ
ҶԽԽľܿĶһҲһŵ˽⡣
Ϊħףһϵħۻ֮أҪǿ̣ڵ֮һֱǹ¶һ
ﵮۻа֮أȻаԶаӵϲ
аƣа𽥵ļˣʧȥаûа취ȥ˱ܵģħѡ˿ʼѰа֮
ҲʹĴ˵𽥵Ŀʼ˳ȥ
СǸʱСûп˼طȴһۻа֣֮ʱĿʼ
ȴû뵽ǣﲢһĴڣһµħߣ
߱ǹϵħӵſµѪͳۻа֮ظϲħ׵ĳֶʱðޱȵķŭߵսҲʹ˵չˡ
һս֮УħױϾħѪͳеĶ֣ʱİһεĴսҲޱأĽ뵽˳˯֮С
ʱƣһδεĿʼ˸ϡ
Ϊļܿģ˸ˡ
ʱҶɫٴε΢΢һ䣺
츣ػʱڱһΪ츣Ĵǿ߷ӡ𣿡
츣أҶ컹˽ģԷػʱڵڶԷĴ˵Ҳкܶ࣬ͯͯŮ뵽˷ɣ֮أСѱΪ֮ء
˵ȴݻİ汾˵츣ʵһǿߣǿȫػʵİ
һػͼƲ񵤣նɱͷ˵ѪѪƳ֮츣ȴ̰ⲻԼˣĽ˵ҪȥѰһζҩ뿪˻֮ء
ȻЩֻǴ˵ˡ
ܹħ׷ӡҶȴо츣ȷʵǲ򵥣ӦһͨĻҲὫӡġ
ΧĻҶ΢΢һ
Ӧǧ֮ص·ˣû뵽Ȼս
΢ҶҪ뿪
ͻȻ֮䣬ʱһ΢ĲȴҶע⡣
һأһǿҵ־־һааȴаϢһֱϵа
ͺǶжȴܹ˵ⶾ߱Ǻ֮
˵ĲȻĲҶжٵ⣬Ⲩ֮ȴһֶĿ־ȴҶЩˡ
ʶ˺̫ܶȴǿҵ־
͡
Ҷ첻뿪ֱӵѡ˿˳ȥ
һƬïܵĲ֮أһƬĲû˿̣ȻһûоĵطԪĵطҪŨ١
໡
һǺݳʱһݳ
ֻһĺɫӰӿʼ񱼣һ˳ȥ
ǣ
һȺ
ϴԼʮֻĳ̶ϣÿһֻǵСԼһ׶ߣ׶೤ĳ̶ϣ˵ȺȻǺټġ
٣ڵıϺ١
Ϊ׵һֻǣü֮дһĨɫëԵø࣬ҲΪǿ׳ģԷݣȺ֮еߣ
Ⱥǰ棬һֻСڿ񱼣񱼵ٶ΢Ļ˲٣ԴģȻѾƣ롣
ëҵĺۼѪвеĵطԿɭȻİ׹ǡ
һֻϸ˵ȥһֻҰ
һֻҰǱһȺ˵СĿǾһֻҰȻһȺǵ׷ɱ㹻ĿĳһֻҰҲ򵥡
𡭡
Ұ˻һ֮УȻҲһֹ̬Ǹȴͬǰ֮һ㣬ŭ졣
һֻɫҰӿȥԴۡ
ʱһȺǰΧȴû˿ĵӵӣսʮ㣬ǲΪϵأټ϶ԷռƣҰǰɱӡ
Ұŭһ֮󣬶ʱȺΧǿʼЩΧϵĿʼŭǺǾǲǰһ
Ҷ̤գһΣ֮¶һĨľ֮ɫ
ԵҰСһе˼
һֻҰҺȺԿ˵ȥ˭ţҶ쿴ĺһֻͨҰǿһô
ʱӽ
ǹȥ˼ӵʱ֮һȺԵѾЩˣһǺʱе̰ǿʼĳһֻҰ˹ȥ

ҰһͺݺݵſһֻҰǵĲҧȥ
໣
թȴڴʱһȻҧסҰ塣
໡
ռƣʱҰҲĿʼˡ
ۼҰҪ˺飬ҶҲ̲סҪˣǾʱҰȴȻĳһ˿ı仯


1847 Ȯ
ءаȡ䡭
˹ĸоϢȻҰϱ
䡱
ɫٵľۼ漴ıռ侹Ȼǿе˺ѡѣ
һĻѸޱȵĿʼ۵˼£

ҰĺһȻΧȺѸٵıΧһƬǿҵĺɫ֮С
໡
һĽ֮УЩȺǣһմȾЩĺۼ֮󣬾ȻѾǿеķճΪһѺɫĽ̿Ҷ쿴൱Щɫ൱ĿֲǿԱǿ۳Ŀֲ
һֻһֻҰ
Ҷ΢΢һ
ʵҶҲûзһ⣬ҰȻڸǵĿֲ־Ǿ־εǿᣬҶҲȥעģȴƫƫıסˣ˵ǰҰǼ֮ǳĲ򵥡

ҰٴεĺһʱѰҪܶ࣬ҲһֻȺеҰǶѰҪ١
һֻҰĺȴоԼڲ޷ȥ

Ұٴεĺһ廯һɫһ㣬˹ȥһΣԷĶٵ˼£һת۵ʱ䣬Ѿ˺ѵ˶Էʺ
ཹཡ
ڵ˱ѪҰ岻ϵѹ塣
һΣҶǽһĿɿڴ
һݽɫҶȻǵһμһֻҰȴҲԸоһĿֲ
Ѿĳɾ˰
૵ĵ

ƺҶʱҰ֮ϵҶ췢һ
ҶڵĿҰʱ״̬
ϲ˺ɫ棬Щ·ǻŵһ㣬ϵݻͱһӴռ͵棬ž죬ֲ¶ȣµ˼¡
ǺǣСһﻹʲô¡
Ҷһ˿Ц⣬һֻҰҶѾһĨ¡
ԷĿֲһҪշ
䡱
ĶȻѾշһҶȻҲ˷ʱ䣬ֱԼΪİ취
ѹ
ӴѹƶԷ

ϵëٵըˣ·Ǵһըˡ
һҰ˫ĿҲҶݺݵضţﲻʱķ˻
Ǻǡе鷳
ҶﵭЦ
ٴεһһɱղŸӿֲٱƿʼ˳֮в˿˿
ҶѾתԼ֣Ȼֻһ˿˿ӴϢȴ㹻Ϊ֮
ʱҶѾ뵽˴̫žΪΪǰҰǿϵبŵ֣̲صİڵҶ춼ûаս䳹׵ݻӲҪ˵Ҷ̲صĿֲѹ̶ܴնɱ֮µġ
ѪĻɵģ˿ֲѹһֻҪҶǰȥһֻҰȻҲûа취Ҷ쿹
ǹ鷢ˣǰҰû˻ųҶ췢
ôܣ
Ҷɫ΢΢һ䣬ղʩչѾӳֵĵزˣ˵ĵزҪ˵һֻҰˣһﶼȥֿסģҶ֪ǰһﲻǼ򵥵ĴڣȴҲڻ˵Ŀֲ
е˼
Ҷ΢΢һٵĽԼƱǵɣ
ɵݻ£ʱռ䶼·ǿʼΧĿͬǱһε䳹׵ĳˣҪȥ൱ѵġ
žžžž
ҶƿʼѾʼޱȵĿֲϵĹѳһķ϶ǵϵĿ񱩷ӦΪĳ̶ֳܹ֮ӵУĻûа취ȥʩչ̶ȵġ
񱩵ϣһֻҰȻڲϵĲ֫ҪžĶǾҪڵˣԴȴɾǿޱȵվû˿ӡ
ô𣿡
Ҷ̲סĿЦ
漴ĽԼϵƳ
Ѿ֪ˣҪƾԼѹƶԷǲ̫ˣһһʯͷһǲеֳ֣Ӳ޷ʵȥѹƶԷ
˵
ҰҶЦ˵

Ұ˷ŭĽ
ž
Ҷ죬ٵĴԼóһ鿾ץС

һΣԷȻı仯
һ鿾ɲ򵥣һֻ޵տġ
̲صľȻҶ˵ûжٵãǶҰ˵ȴ˵ζԷҲȻı仯ǽһȣǽһ񣬺޲ýҶеĿȥ
ɣɧֻ꣬ҪԸߣģңпԣһиζСǰҡβͣϲʲôζģŮ񼶵ĻŮģ
Ҷѭѭյ˵ӻһֻڹСñĴһ㡣
ʱҰҶѾȫȻûԭֵӣ෴Ǳޱ˳Ȼ󲿷ֵڳҶеĿעţ޲õĽһ̵
ðɣˡ
Էǡ̬עţʱҶһļƤ

Ұһڽ⿾̽˶С
ܿٴνԼעŵҶϡ
ǰ㣿
ֻգ۵ʱ䣬һĿôûˣ
Ǹߵȼ޿⣬̲صԳ˳˵ģһʳ֮󣬶Ҫһµġ
ٸһ飬Ѿ㣡
Ҷֵٴζһһ鿾⡣
ǺܿҶȴ֣Լ仰Ͱ˵ûʲô𣬴Լһ߰˿Ŀ֮ҰֹԼĽʳʱıһĺɫΧ
ޱȵаޱȵ䣬·ǵԨеһ㣬ž֮ﲻʱƳ٣ɫ̬𽥵Ŀʼɫɫ֮дڣɫ໥Ĳƣͷ·ħһѻС
棬ǵϢ
ҶڵķӦ˹һɻϢʱһϤУ˰죬ҶڷӦ˹ϢԼҲӵС
׵֮ţ
ǵģ׵֮ţ̲һֵԼǿҵϤС
һʲôҰʲôЦҰϻ˵Ϣ𣿡
Ҷ츧Լ°ͣ˼š
ȮѪͳһӦŵȮѪͳ
ţħƷ׷ѰҰһ㶣ţħܿķӦ˹ϴžȵɫ̲סĿ˵
Ȯ
Ҷһţħħ̥оĸˣҶţħ˵Ҷ컹൱Ͽɵģ


1848 
Ȯ֮УȻֵѪԣһѪĻȻ˵ǱҿĳΪҸҰ޵Ŀ⣬һҪļԼѪҪʱ䣬Ǿ˵ѪŨ෴Ӧ൱ıġ
Ҷвϵ˼ţѾܿıܽһԼĵá

һĽ˳
ҰƺѾЩ޿̲صʱϵĺɫղŸŨ֣Ҹӵľ
һ໹ЩѿҵĹë˵ǹͷӵĹŹ֣Ҫһȡһ֣Ǿǡ
ǵģ
൱
ʼʱҶ컹ûз֣ȴһģǽһ̫ˣЩˡ
һԹۣǽһа죬һŵȮѪͳа쵹ǿģһٲĹȥҪôжô
һ϶Ϊ̫ԵʣԱӳˡ
ţħޱȿ϶ж
ţ϶ӣҲƷүôӢѾˣһǹĻĸģ
ƷǰͼҰ˫ȷ

Ұŭˣ
൱ķŭ
ƷΪưڵϷ

һݳ֮һĲҽ
ֻҰͺݺݵҧסƷԴǿµӣҶһ
Ʒүſ
ء
ſ
ء
ҷſ
һĻӳҶǰ
һĺˣĺˣһֻͬëҰҧסԴŶԷεȥȴ޷Ұ˺ҧ
ҵ̰ǣ
ʱһ˷ŭĺӲԶ˳
֮дһֿµԹ·ԼĶһ㣬ǽһ񰡡
Ҷ΢΢һѸٵĳķȥֻһŵ۵ߵıһֻҰǵʬ壬İţǽһתԼĶԼǰ
һŵۣͷڣһʿݡ
ڻ֮Уװˣϡ棬Ҷ˫Ŀȴ΢΢һԭһȺҰԭҶ컹ΪҰģڿˣԷҰģһȥ
뵽ЩҰǵ֮࣬ҶҲ𽥵Ȼˣܹ̬ȷʵҰǿȥﵽġ

֮Ұ﷢һŭĺƺϵһ
㣿㾹Ȼûֻ΢ļ֣㾹Ȼû
˵Թޱȵĺ

ҰٴεķŭһƵ̬
ļ֣ӵҰ⣬û뵽ûȥõնľ㻹ûӽ˺ﶼͲ㡣ĺܰ
Է֮Уһ޷ڸǵԹӣ޲õĽҰȥ̬
ˣһֱΪȻĴڣǳףڳûк쳾֮еǺѻеˣȻһֻҰ˵ĳޣΪҶ춼Щü
𡭡
ҰѾԽԭȥӣʱޱȷ
𣿼֣ڳǵģóҵģүĸĥȻˣһֻҰȻҲ̣ĳүǱĸȥڤȷʵǶԵģ㱾Ӧøڵүߣȴѡ˺ԣ׳յо
Խ˵·ŭ֮еɱҲʼ÷
ҶһһֻҰȮѪͳΪ֣ƺǰΪ
ԷӦһޱаʹķʽҰĸĥһҰ˿ֲĺ⡣

Ұڵһ˿˹ȥ
һɫ濪ʼѸٵĴϱŷ˳
ֲ棬㹻յһС
С֣㵨Һ͵үԿûеүĴڣֵĳ֣ȴ壬ȥɣ
˵¶ޱĹâȻĶҰˡ
ߣ
˵ĳҶı΢΢һĨ仯Էȥƺû˿ϢȫĲһ֮ˣȥ֮У̲صȴϢ

ڣ
һг֣ʱݳһֲĲ˺ǶԷת

ҰŭһϵøӵĿֲˣǸ߸ȼ棬Ű׵ĸ߶ȣǸźԶľ붼Ŀͷֵġ
㾹Ȼôǿ󣿵ǡȴˣѵ˵ү벻бѵһ𣿡
Լĳ־ȻȼճΪޣ˵ϲû˿ľȺ͵ӣǹа̬øʢ


ĳ֣Ұﲻɵ÷һ
Ұ徹Ȼıסˣ
׳գҿӡҵĺۼһֱ޷㣬ȻĲ֪һģȴһˣˣյ꣬㲻
ҧǣ
˵ָһѸٵĳҶ˺е

ҰҵţƺǲӶԷģȻȴ޷ֿסԷ
ҧǣƺǺҲû˿ĳްɣ
Ҷ쿴ˣؿ˵
ߣûгСӣʵ㣬Ȼ޹ıǣҲԩΪǿ˲ÿĶֻҰߺߣ˵ҲǽɣǱ֪ĻҾ͵ùˣ׷ɱҰôʱ䣬ܹǱңҪǵĳ֣ҲҪȥѰˡ
ȥүģ
ţħһȻĳ˵˵ǰڶԷ㵵ı֮Уֱӵľһ˳ȥ
ţħҪ̫ݡ
ҶĻոյ£ȴû뵽ǵѾֱӵĳֱֳ˶ֱ̬ӵĿ˳ȥ
ٶȿٵľˡ
ݺݵײʮôһѪԴһᡪˣ
˵үûöٵ
ţħޱȵ˵
ԭΪһʹ򣬵ڿʹƨԼһһˡ
գ
Ҷ΢΢һһղ˹ȥ
ǵ˵꣬ҶҪϢ
飡
Լȥһӵʱ֮ҶٵĽӡʱҰٴλָɡ
ԭҰȷʵſµĳޣһֻҰһֻͨСͨ˵ڶԷûʱ
ϲ֮Ķ൱ԣѰҵһֿԸıѪͳĹ顣
ƾһ飬˲˵ȮѪͳ
˭Ҳ뵽ΪһֶΣҲȮ۵ļԼĸףһֻĴ󹷣ŰΡ
Ӵ֮ҰҲ͵֮ĳޣΪһ޷Ƶļ
ԭˡ˵Ըһ뿪𣿡
ҰҶʵ
һ˻۵ʱһҲŻ֮ػǰ˹
ڣɱ⶯죡
֮Уˣ


1849 ײչ
һҾ޴սսķĵ̣ÿһĵ涼ų޷󵽵֮Щ֮ѾΪʵʣݻΪߵĺۼ
µȴ֮Ĵ飬ų֮⡣
һҾ޴սɣͻأĺܣ޴ĺܣĺۼȴ޲˵ŶԷǿͿֲ
սȥԼ׵ĺۼ޴ĺܣһʥ̬
ɫս棬ҫ˸˵ͺʥࡣ
ķ֮£սٶȿٵĺܣǿ޷׽켣
֮ϣȥ
һսȻȥޱȵʥҫĹ⻷ʵϣսȴ͸¶һߵϢκε˶ԴϢϸоԷߵϢ
͡
޴дݳͷ·Ʊһ̶ĦݵĺԶ
ս࣬һԶѩɫ棬ĺۼ̵ĺܶ࣬һۿȥ·ëʵЩëĺۼȴ޲ǱµЩŹϢڲϵɢ֮пʼɢš
ս׶ΣһʥʹһʹŵҲǹȴޱȣκεһϢҪݻѹһһ㡣
ģ
վսеģһС΢ŻɫĽ𷢣һɫȨȵ͸սϵӡǣع۲ţﵭ˵
ͷڣһʥĳۣеȨȻȥޱȵĹӣڻӶ֮У΢չֳ㹻˵¡
̻ʣ
˵ҶƷĻһʶһݡ
̻ʣٸԵĽ̻ʣ
ʱеȨаţû˿ı飬˫ĿֻڲϵѰţ΢΢תţƺ˼ʲôһ㡣
ĵϢҸоˣԼٹյʱ䣬ǾͿԽ뵽ĵˣΪ֮صĻģźεȵΪʲôλεĽ̻ʣȥͼ⻪֮շأ
̻ʵ˵
һΣǵٸԽųɾŵ˳еĸľۼҽ̻ʴѾʥ׳桢ڡʥ޾ʥ㹻ڲ֮أʥ׳ĶͣѪʣȻʥͽȥľڣľѪߵĳ̶ȣȴҲɵĿԷӳʥ̻ʴ˵ʤɵģ
̻ʵߣһ̣̳ΪƽһӺݻȴ㹻޷С
ǰʱٸԱһδεҪͼĵݻ٣ȴҲһֱûգԭʥڣʥѾѰҵˣȷʵڲ֮أģһˣ
̻ʵ˫ĿȻıʥİ׹֣¶ڲ֮С
̻ʴӢλĿʿҲѾˣ˭Ҳ뵽ٸԵôĿֲͿ£ֻҪ⻪ĵǿߵҳԵˣ
һӿ˵һףһλʥʿ
һ군ˣǵôõʱ֮󣬴е˼£־Ѿ뵽ǵ֮УֻҪһ׼ĺã⻪ĵʮþȣ
ܹĶͣǵǵҫģΪǿԷһУǻȴһԼĹ˼ɣһսʲô
˵ϵ쳹Խ˵ϵƱǿһ֣ÿ˵֮жʼÿ޲õ֮أ뵽һ谭׵նɱǿϵ۵ΪǿģΪɲģû˿Ժϵ۵ԿԺҫ໥
ȵһʱ俪ʼȾ˼¡
٣
̻ʻӶеĹȨȣʱһİɫâʼѸٵİΧסսսٶȶʱӿ쵽˼£ֻת˲ѣٶѾʼ۷ĵز
һĹ֮ǽս׵ɢ
ʥʹڸ̣ʷʫȾ
䡱
޴ĺˣʱսȻĿʼǿеĿ
ٸԵ𣿡
ڰ֮УһӰھۼУֲĲϵչ˳
쳹ͬǶһ㣬ȻڰԹϢȴԵøֲ
ߣٸԾȻԼݻ˵ĳ̶ȣĳ̻ѾǴ㱳ˮһսˣŵǷۣȻŵǷ۵ٸôõʱУһεĲﰡǾȻٴεĶˣôʱٸԲûԭӰ
ĳŵǷ۴̲Ȼ˵֪Ǽ٣ȴԸоĳٸѾһεսһΪµս
񣿺ߣҮͻֻһССȴѪͳ츸ǵһε
¸ȻΪǿģȴҪˣǱŷ֮仹һµ谭Ǿǰ˹ƥֵһȺһǣ
һ𱬵ݳ
䣬һƻٵʱ̣޲Ѿʧȥ˴󲿷ֵǰ˹ƥһȺһҲ⣬ǵ˴󲿷֣һεľѣҲǵȴ֮Ѱˣ츸֮СС˹ʲô
С˹ƥֵʱĻ֮Ѿָ˺ܶˣ˹ĽթǲС츸ڻָѻм䶼׵Ļָ˹ٹյʱ֮츸᳹׵Ļָģ
벶ȸں
ǽ̻ʾԵ벻ԼıѾڿʼǰԵķŵ֮ϣһȺŷ֮ҲȻĲ뵽Ҳڰеʱ̣Ҳһעǡ
ǻŮ˵ĹȻŷҲ
һ֮дһˮĺۼ֮֮󣬲һְΧ̬оǹ졣
Сĵ㣬Ҫ˷ˣǿǻûԶ
һ̲֮˿˿ᣬ·ڵһ㣬һ޷ڸǵĿֲ֮Ļһļɵ
˹һѵ˵ĿǣȻֵܣҲõСһ㣬㲻ģҪһף
֮дһĨŭ⣬˿˿ˮ֮ڻʡ
ߣҪսɣ
оΧˮ֮ʼÿ˹ҲٴεĴݳ
̬һĨսļ
˭˭бºںս
˿ûоµļ
ұ죡
һ޾ϵش֮дһ޷ڸǵĵй


1850 ս죡
˹
͹˹ľ
žž
֮Уһ׹˸·һ㣬ֲ׵绺رʱŭ𴫵ȥ
ǣһǵĿǾݣ˭ҵĴ£ǾͲҪ׵֮ѹǣ
쳹ţԽԽвĲȴԵøĿֲ˿ûʱⲨ͹˹ߵһС˲һеɢ֮С
𣿡
֮أǱ֮һϵ쳹˳
̫ۣ֮ڣ޾濪ʼȼճ
һɫӰ͵޾棬Ѹٵĳһȥ
ߣСС֮أ֮ˣȻҲҾݷ
ɳ֮Уһ޾֮У޷ڸǵɱ⣬ʱĮɱ޾ĺʼ˲񷣬ӿ˲Ϣ֮䣬񱩵ľ𡭡
һǿ߻ؿʼ֣Ӿݷ׷׵ĳһȥ
һգ
գһƬ֮ˣεյ£һů̬
ůȥ˯һһֶô鰡
һ˿ڻ˵
뷨ˣȻҲģǴҶͨˣѰĴУ뷨εȴҲȥϰġ
ܵ˵һʱ̡
䣡
գȻһ޴ը쳹˳
ֻ֮ϣһĲƿʼٵ󣬱γصӰͷġ
һε׳۵Σʱ·˵עӡ
䣡
ٴεһըֻһεȴǵضɽҡնҪҡҡ׹һ㣬ǺεȵǷʲô顣

֪˭һһ̵ʱУ˵ɫı仯
֮ϣһĿȥޱµ·ƺҲ˲ɢˣȴԽԽֲ
Ҳֻ𶯣ȴûг˿Ч϶ûгһ˿һķ϶
̬֮£һŵĸоһʱ䣬שǣٴε֮£ķ
˭Ҳ֪һƬȺɽ֮ϣһӰȴݻ

һŵЦݳһλ鳤ۣɫҰ׵ŵĽ
ԷͻȥЩˣУһŰɫ׵ʥʿڱס˲ӡ
ССģȻҲҶ
Է񣬴һѪϢ
ģģǾ֮صѪ𣿸ģΪʲôһﲻʥҫ
̻ʶ֮ϣ֮д޷ŵɫĺе
̻ʴˣ֮صѪѪַģԷȻҲǺڰȴȺ֮лҲǼȡ»֮׳ԼģǿԲȥѪԴڵģҪ˵ʥˣ֮£ܵҲٵģ
һλ̲͢ס˵
ģĻ쵰
̻ʵ¶˷ŭɫ
¸¸¡Сɣȥɣ
͵ſԼͣʥʿĲӿʼһҧȥ
ۡ
ѪŷԷʹڵ˱
ޡôʲôѪôѺȣǾ֮صѪҪѺһ򱶰
һ¶˷ŭɫĺ
ģĻ쵰֣
̻Ļ
ԭҪ֮أնɱ׵ռݻ֮صģȴû뵽ǰ֮󣬱㱻˸ֹȥ
ⶫѪ壬ڵ˱ԼʥʿѪǵӣ̻ʺ޲õĽһһʥʮննɱ
뷨Ҳֻˡ
̻ȫû뵽֮صǿ߾ȻôĶ࣬һɽ֮ϣһǿϢεȵڵҪͶԷսҲһġ
ڣٸԵĴ󲿷ǿ߻ûȫĳóȻĳֵĻ˵ȻĲʲô¡
ϵҫΪҫԱ
ڵ⻹ûʥʿŭһ֮ϣһʥչֵ˼£ٵİΧס˷Բ׵ķΧ
ã
ǳֵļһһʬ˰ȻĿԸоʥʿĿֲϢǺεȵĿ¡
ģ
ȻĵˣɿӴܳȥ
飡
һֲıʱչ˳һεıƣⷽԲǧ׵ķΧС
ҲүģҪٸԵŮ
⽩ʬĺʱһֱֻ۱ըϣ˫ȱը˳ȥ
ܳ

ϼһû°ɣ
һŭݳ
ʱֻΧһӰӿٵĿ˳ȥ
ǵ嵥ܵķʽڽУÿһεĿ񱼣濪ʼҵĲ֡
⼸һ߸ÿһλ壬ޱȵĿ࣬Լ׶ĵزϣϵļ¡𣬶ϵļѩ׵ĺܡ
ſһööԵøͻأ
ϵЩһﶼǽʬҶǵϵġ
ģĻ쵰
̻͵ķĲԾԭһΣݻģֿˣӦͳɵǿߡ
ڿаļһҲϻ١
Ļģ⻪ʲôʱ衢ôŽˣ
̻˵඼ڲ
û£
ǽʬ͵ĴͳһöɢѪζĵҩе
ڽ̻ĿɿڴУϽʬٵı仯ڵҩȫ֮ϵ֫Ҳʼԭ壬û˿
ϧôѪȻζզأ˷ǿɳܵİ
Ͻʬ̲סҡҡͷ漴Ķ߸ʬе
߰ɣٺٺ٣飬ˣ
̻ʲԼƣָ׶Ѿ̴ļˡ
ģ˰֮ˣȻ˵Ļ쵰ϵ۰Ϊʲôû˸ңڶ֮Ҳźڰ
ǵĵһҲǴⶫ֮صĵһҪŬĴеķΪҫ
̻ʴĺ
Ϊҫ
һʱ˵˷·ǳ˼Ѫһ㣬ĺ
ðﲻŷʲôϵۣŷɱɵ
һһ׾޽ˣس߳
ɣǵĶң
ԷվӾվǧ˵ǰȴûκεһ˵׵ǰһ
ʱĽ͢ЩǿĿʿǻûȫʱֵĻǾ
̻ʱ£Կ
һ˴ӽ̻ʵı󿪿˵
һױĳۣһʮֽҲ൱Ŀ࣬Եøء
ɳ˹ʥʿ֣õˣ
˳֣̻ʵ϶ʱ¶һĨϲɫ
ɳ˹ʥʿһλʮĿʿʵֲĺܣҵλ͹Ͷܿ£ǽ̻ʱ˶׵ĵ


1851 Ľ̻
֮أǧ֮õĹϹȣɲǼ򵥵Ĵڰ
ɳ˹¶һĨصɫ
ǵģȷʵˣǵˣڳ߻۹ȵʵʱ̵ɱʱ򣬾Եû˿ԵֿסǵģЩˣǻĵǿߣϿ϶ǽ͢Ŀֲ
Լ˵̻ʻ൱ϿɵģȻ֪Լ˳ֵĻǶȻĲẦµġֻҪʱ䣬ֻҪʱһԼˣԵľͿԸϵˡ
Ҫ
⻪ĵǿ߿ɳ˹ϴŹŹֵɫؿ˵
Ϊ͢ʥʿѾʮʱˣʮĿ֮УҵѾﵽһҶĵزҪСˣ
ɳ˹֮дһĨĽȻԼΪϿɡ
ʮꣿ
˵¶һĨŹֵζ൱ĹŹ֡
ָ̣
ɳ˹˵һʿı׼⡣
⻪֮ˣҲʼȭ
⻪ҲǺͼϵ˵ôĲҲһģ
ɳ˹аԵĸ̾ȻһɺȴѸٵĳˡ
ϣ
Ȼĳ֣һƿգһ棬ۼ˼£Ťζǿ˸оһǵصڷ¡
Ƶϵչֳ죡
񰡣ܵһͿԴﵽ̶𣿡
̻ʵŽе
ǵģǵϵۣȻҲԱǶԷһҲʵ̫˵㡣
ɳ˹Ƿһ
ҫͽ쵰ɣһȫûʿһû׼ãͿʼ𣿡
һֱڽ֮͢Уڿҿҵɳ˹һֱޱԼеʥʿģսȻսǱҪһĹģǶһֻǱ˱ȭͷȴȻĿʼˣ
͢ˣɵ𣿡
ڰеˣ޲¶һĨŹֵɫ
ɵƣ൱ɵƣ
˷һ̾
ǻĵڱǱȭˣһﾹȻʼˣ찡ĺöò
ȥȴһֻ̬ƺǶɳ˹Ϊޱȵıӡ
ϣ
ɳ˹ֲ̧Լĳ
һĳ̫ϸ˵㣬˵ɳ˹ĳĻǶĻĽޣǾǻĿ
ȫһεġ

֮ײʼ
ʱΧҲʼ
µϵײһγɵĿֲƵ˷Բǧ׵ķΧ
󿪴ϣѪսʮʽ
޵
Էеľ޽µĺܣϺϣһ˵ǿֲÿһεĳ֣ԴﵽСɽһĳ̶ϡ
һһʽĪ̲֮
顱
ڵɳ˹屻ݺݵײȥеĳظķžȴûжѡ
ֻǴʱȴ˵ϡ
Ǿ޴ĳݺݵѹ档
ҫĶͣ
ڵϵɳ˹ͻȻŭ澹Ȼٵıһɺ嫵ʥ⾫ʥӴ˼£ѾضʼһҡΣԲ׵ķΧ֮Уһʥʼ֮ϡ
һʥʹӰ֮УӿҡҷٵĹճһۼ
䡱
⽣޵ȻıһɿֲײѸٵĵ
ģļһ㾹Ȼұȵ̶ϣ㾹Ȼѭʿķ
ɳ˹ǽһŭһʵ̫аˣԼʱ֣Ƕ¡
ʲô򣿡
⽣޵¶һĨȵɫ޹˸ոճӤ

ɳ˹һĴ͡
ʿ׼ڻ֮ʿȻûеģʿķ˭ȥصģ
뵽ɳ˹еĺƺǱС˲١
ʵǲ˼һǲ֪Ϊǻĵ˻ǽģǺϸģ
ɳ˹ɫһ죬ƺԼԭ򰡣ͶԷƺû˿Ĺϵ
ʵҲҪս
һҪġ
޵¶ɫӾͺǣǲͬ⣬ǿһ

ʱɳ˹ǲ֪εĴˡ
ž
һƳ˽޵ǰ
Ҳ֪һǴʲôطóģȻɳ˹;Լеľơ
ʱȾƣ
ɳ˹ǵһε˵ġ
ô㲻ӣ
ɳ˹ȻȣԷ϶ʱ¶һĨŭɫͬܵĪһ㡣
¶ཹཡ
⽣޴ڵĺ
ʱһɾ֮Ѹٵ˳ȥ
þưȰ
ǰľ֮
Թԣһ˭Ȼĺþơ
࡭
ɳ˹̲סһڿˮǲúȣ֪Ǻþơ
ɣ
ӵɳ˹С
л㣡
ɳ˹ϵĸм
Ǻþƣмеĺþư
˹˹ˡ
ڵĺƣʱһ־֮ѸٵӵԼϣһֶôõľư¶֮ǿԼ嶼оһַȵļ
лл㣬ҺˣľƣǷһ飬ԣһһȫʬģ
ɳ˹ƺһӣϴ˷ܵɫ
ȡˣ
޵¶һĨ𾪵ɫ͹Źֵɫͷ·ǿʲô˼һ㣬Ȼһｫһƺ֮൱𾪰
ǵģˣ
ɳ˹ޱȵĽе
찡һˣһǹ
ģһﵨҺľƣ
һľǴ֮һľȴҲҪĶյһڶ˵ľһ㣬ʹޱȣ̬ļҴѧ֮⣬˺˵ȥһڵģһ׳պһ
ڰصˣ޲ʼ¶һĨ塯ɫɳ˹û뵽һﾹȻ˵
㾹Ȼȫˣ
ɳ˹Ц̬Ӻ޲õ˶סԼĶӣ·Цһ㡣
ʲôԵ𣿡
ɳ˹ҲоЩԾ
ǻոյʱѾоʲôطԾˡ

ĺʱѾоˣԼľ֮УǿֲڷĳľϿʼյ¶ȣֲ˷ָ
Ҫɱ㣡
ɳ˹ĺ
ڵʥ·ǲҪǮһĿʼɢͼƸ߻
ģġѵ˵ЩʿǶѾԴˮ𣿡
̻ʺݺݵסԼԴʹĺ
սʱ͵˺Ⱦƣģôõĵ𣿡
̻ˣʱҪˡ


1852 ֶξ
ģģ
̻ʷĺ
ģǺþư
һӣȥǽһǷ⣬һﳤһźףȴޱȵݣΪ̻֮ʣֱӱһһ仰µòᣬθʹ
𣡡
ɳ˹ŭеĳƥʥĳžʼһʥչֵ˼£ϵ˾档
ߣû˿ļɿԣǵֻΪҰʽĶҲᰡǵҪḻһ򱶣
Ľһһʽ޲Ǵ󿪴ϣײޱȡ
͡
һգһ׵ն˶Էƿصĳ
ģģĶͣҫʥʹʮն
ɳ˹׵ķŭˣ˫ֽӡһʥʹӡǳ֣Ұһֲʮֽۡ
޸裡
ɳ˹ʼƴˣϴųɫ棬һֻչ˳
񻯣ɳ˹˾ȻѾﵽ񻯵ĵز
λ͢еǿǣ׷׵Ľкǵϴſȵɫ
ȻǶɳ˹ֵޱȾͼ
޸裬һֽɣΪԼһ׵ݻ
ﵽʱ䣬ʮ꣬ҵƨ죡
еľ޽ȻıһĻɫâǾŵԣͬһĹԣ·ʥհĺۼ
ŵһ𣬻ûҪԽǿѵˡ
͡
ŵâȻһ壬Χס˾޽һȥͶԷʮֽۣײС
ʮֽҲǲ̲޸һйȫʢʱڣǿʮ
ɳ˹ʱ൱ıߣȻϺǿֲڵľȴѾ׵ķٻʱƿأ൱ѡ
漴ҲԵøıߡ
䡱
һ޴ײ֮󣬶ʱһ屻˲ѳΪޡ
ɳ˹
̻ŭһޱȡ
ɱ
Ϊɳ˹˱𣡡
Ļ֮ˣ֮أЩСˣ
͢ǿǣ׷׵Լеıͼǰȥ
ܳһ֮أȻ˵ǿƣΪǺ𣿡
һǿڵĳˡ
ģ𣿿ǻζ˰ɣ
һߣƹ࣬ϲ˿˿ĺɫâɫĹâ¶ȵĺˣȻÿȼ
ҿǸʲӵĽ̻ǰɣ´үġ˺ѷ
ôģϷûжˣúܰǵ
һʱ䣬͢ǿǵĻѾŭڰǿǣʱǿʼ׷׵ŭ
ҫ
ңңľʱһȴ˳
һе·ǹᴩبźδһ㣬еĲһ޷ڸǵĻ
ݵĺԶԶͬǴӰǧ֮شݹһ㡣
֮Ľ͢ǿǣȴһľϲ֮ɫǽ̻ʸ˵ɫ
ҫ
Ȼʱһϸղŵһʼݶ
ǵˣˣ
̻ʵ¶˷ܵɫ
еȨȱ貵Ĺâ̻ʵϣʥ֮ⲻӿʱĴ͸γһ޴ʵ棬ʹʷʫƣ޾ڷڡ
ҫ֮أҫᴫеÿһĽ䣬ս
ս
ڰĻ֮Ҳŭ
սսѾİ
䣡
һˣɣٵĳ˳
¡¡
ǧƵĿʿĳˡ
Щ˵ϴŹϵϢǻֳ־޽һǹ޲Ǽ򵥷ǷνĿʿһЩԭҫԭĵλֻȥ׷ҫǿߡ
ǵϣޱȴģǿġ
ƣ
һնɱһˣһ˵ǰѸٵǰȥ
һ̣Ѿﵽһּ£Ѹ͵˼¡
죡
۵˫ÿεٶȿʼȥ
һϵʬ֮У޾Ĺâʼ֮޲ǾһȷѪꡣ
ҫʥʹ
̻ͷϴžڣһʥ
һ޴ʮʹٵγı󣬻֮У˺һĻǿߣѪ겼
ɣ
Ϲֶ̲סı˴ֿڣƻȭ˫ȭ裬ͬһ㣬Բǧ׵Ŀռ䣬һƬɭȻ׹ǺͿµѪ⡣
ʥ
̻ʾеʥ棬޾ĸ¶ʼ٣Щ¶ֳɫϸϸĿȥ֣ᷢһʥ
Щʥٵ˽֮͢˵ϣȻǵ˲ָԭò
ʥ׳棡
ٴεŭһһֻ޴ʥ׳ӰӴӽ̻ʵͷ˳
ʮնʼϱ˳ȥһĴ߷֮Уǿһе谭˲ʧǾ֮˵嶼ֱӶ˺˶Էһֻơ
Ļ쵰
֮ŭĺ
˫ֽӡϵӡǿʼγɵ֮С
ӡ
¡¡
޴ӡǣͬǹϵɽһ㣬֮޲ǱѹΪޡ
һǿߣڵʱʼˡ
ն˽̻ʣ
۵ϴʱҲҲˣ͢ˣȵ˼£ϻʥļӳֱ֣ǴСǿһ㡣
׾ǽ̻ʡ
ɱ
ϹҲһ㣬ͷͬ
ҡ
֮ѸٵƿһѪ·Ѫ׹ǣѻһ𣬻ûΪһֻѪɫצǿеĳǽ̻ץȥ
䡱
ʹӻ
ϵ֣֮
̻ʲܣֱӵʩչԼ֮ͨȴҲ࿹⡣
䣡
ڵģߵײ֮УⷽԲʮ׵ķΧ׵ıѳΪޡ
һе谭һе׷׵ɢ
ۣ֮أȻ˵Ŀֲ
۱ϵ֮ץסˣֲ
һﲻǿ󣬵ϵǿ󣡡
֮ؿ˵
ߣǾԣ
ϹȻĴȥһâһâ΢̲صȴ˾ޱȡ
һƽ̲صĹâƵ˼£ϵĴ߶֮У貵ĹâѾʼۼ
ʲô
Ǭ
۵ﾪһ
ţϵʱڣ֮ϣоſգſؼʥ飬ޱȣò֮µ޷ȥʱһλǿߣϵעͨݻһ񹭣ҹעǿ˲񷣬˺еİ˿ա
ˣ֮Ϊ࣡
ºǬҲʹʧˣ˭Ҳ֪ȥʲôط
ٺ٣°ɣ
Ϲֵ֮д˿˿ؿ˵


1853 ͻ
ˡ
һǬһתĦĿռ䣬Ѹٵγһ޴Ǭβ·Ǵһβһ㣬ӵ·ɢſֲѹ£ϵͷųΪǿ
ڵĿʼϹֵļԦ¿ʼȥ
䡱
̻ʻӶȨȣϵĴһ֮ҫĹԣԱһС̫һ㡣
ɢʥԴԴϵʥעڣ˵ڵĽ̻޵еģԴԴϵʥǿЧѾڲ֮ء
ȨȵѸٵĽһʬĴ˳ȥǾʱȻһһɱͷ໥ںϵĲע⣬ȷе˵ˡ
á
оֲʱĽ̻Ѿ֮ϣһǳǿǬѾ忪ʼٵıŷ
޷޷ȥƿֻܹȥǿеĵֿȥ
¡¡
ߵײѸٵĴ˷ԲķΧ
һʥʿĴ˳ȥΣ̻Ļ屻ɵǧ֮ĵطֱۣǲϣѵĺۼĿģһֿɲӾЧ
ý̻ѪȴΧʥʿΪǬײĿֲѾֱӱ˺ʮλ
෴ǻĵǿߣƺһ㣬ȻٵĶ˹ȥ
ɣ
һлǿǵ̬̻εĲŭϻ
ȻһеıӵжôĿֲ̲֮סֹ
ȷʵⱭӵ治ϵɢҫϢһ˲ĻָȥٲȻһСǿζģ˰
ǵģһˣ
ۺͲϹΪȻĵ˵ͷ
ܹһ㣬Ǽʲôȫʥˣ
ǾˣҪķǲܵģǬòϹֺһۡ
ʵӲǬǰװ׵˷ѵһֻ
а취ģ
֮ѵõ¶һĨթɫ
΢ֻâ˸Ѹٵ֮Ѿ˼ſȥСӡ
ЩֻмСÿһöȥģ൱Ĳۣڿ⼸öӵʱϹֻۣ޲ǵһǺ߸ڸ̾˴Ĵָ
ӣݣݰȻҪͷⱦӣһֿµ˵˵ǽɣ׵ֲ֮ǷؼѼγ⼸ӡ
̲صĿֲԵĳκ˵󣬿µĺܣ͵ĺܣĶǿֲٶ˵Ѿǳ˿󵽵ˡ
׵еԪ֮УǾǶģΪֲǿˡ
ܹ׵ѹΪʵ廯ĳ̶ϣ̲صȻ󵽵ģǰδеġ
㾹ȻҲˣ̲סĴһ¡
սʱ򣬱ӵϮʱ˰ʱŽԼƸκãеԭ򣬴󲿷ֵĻΪԼֻԵĲ߶ѣԺӵҲԽĵˡ
ȣ
ʱ䲻ˣ֮ӶӡǣʱĽеӴ˳ȥ
һö֮һονѪӱ൱鷳һһξȻĽöȫĴ˳ȥ
̻ǽһưղŵûдǬϿʼָû뵽һȺɶĻޣȻ˵ײУֱӵٴεĳ֣˿ĲϢĻᡣ
ʲô
֮дݣתȥͷ·Ѱһû˿Ĳǲ֪Ϊʲô̻ʵо֮ıղűǬʱӵĿֲ
ãһﲻԾ⣬Ҫ㿪
̻ڵĵˣ֮ǽѪ˳εĻĺȵ
ǣӵѸٵĵȼӵӡǡ
䣡
һ޴ĢѸٵ
ǿֲıʱЩʿǷ׷׵Ľк̻ʴˣ

֮ϵķ
˲񷣬Ǿ޴Ģһδεĳ֣һδεɢ׺ƺƵıֲѾضòϵĲ˿˿Ĺѵĺۼÿһǧ׵ĳȡ
ֲʵΪ֮
رһĺۼǧ׵ĺȣ˿ֲĺȣҪ˵˵壬ضñ˺ѳһۼġ
ۡ
̻һѪһʥʹӡǲϵչ˳ȴû취ȥֿסӵϮ
Ļ쵰
еĹȨȺݺݵػӶһӣ˲˺ѳʥͼȥԼѰҵһԻָʱ䣬κεǣεĻᡣ
ɱ
ƻӶѸٵĴɱ˹ȥ
ϵ۵Ĵ𣿻ǹ
һŵݳ
൱ͻأǸһĸо
žž
ֻһ׵Ѹٵı֮У漴˺ѳһ϶ıһ޴׵磬׵翪˲һĳ֣ʱΧ׵Ѿ׵ļȡ˹ȥ
ʲôˣģʲô
ĵˣǵٵĳź浹Цĵط˹ȥ
ǻĵ˵Ӧ벶ȸںɣԽǸһֱζ
𶯣ʱһ˻س֮Уһ˵Ʋÿһ϶Ų⣬ǿ˷ָһӰص֮УֲϢѾԴķʼıǡ
˹ģģ˹ƥֵǾȻҲ
̻ʵ﷢ԼٸԴ˹ƥȴʱ֣Ǵռˣ
࣬㵨Һ˵ķֻһССƽ飬ϵ۵ĴУεʸң㾹ȻҵΪ¡
ŭ޾׵Ѹٵľۼγޱߵ׺׺ݻǽضҪΪһ㡣
˹ƥֵǣģЩһﾹȻҲ鷳ˣ
۵˵ɫ΢΢ı仯
ǻĵϢ𣿲Ź񻰵ĹȰϢǲϣȴʺǴȥ
Ϊ֮ˣϴ׵Ĺԣ˱˹
˹ƥƿߣ
¶Ҳ˰ɡǲҲó͸͸ˣ
˹תĳ˹ȥﵭ˵
¶
ʱĻǿ޲ʼ¶صɫ
˵ֻ̻ǱȽϿ£˹൱Ŀ£Էǰ˹ƥֵ֮׵ƿߣһѿµʩչ׵
˹ķ룬ǿĺܣһֱ񻯵˼¡
¶ӵĿֲŷߣΪ츸Ǳŷ֮ƿŰ¶֮ìս֮ս֮ӵ޾
ߵĳֶʱûǿһֿµѹ֣
˹㾹Ȼң
һʱռ仺ع
ǿնڲ֮ϵǳ޲ҡҡ׹޾ɢɵ̬
¶޾񻰵Ĵ˵֮ˣʱڵˡ


1854 һֻ֡ٵأ
ǿϻر˲ѹ쳣һ̣˵ѾóطǷ
ŷ񡢰˹ƥ
Ѱ֮
֮У˵Щǿ֮ȴνʵϲϵ飬ǳ˳˴ڵĴ֮˵죬ҲһȺѡ
ȴԼֶΣ൱ǿҲˣ˵ĵǣвŻ˵ĳء
һٸԵĽ͢ѾЩӦӲϾˣʱٴεôǿߣһλĵΣν᧿Σˡ
˹þòˣ
¶ְֳ¶֮ìؿںӰе˹ݵء
ǰ¶ܾûмˣһδεɱֻأһδε֮ƻ֮û뵽ǾȻ⵹뵱ľȣ
˹еġɢ׵ĳâ·һ𣬿ֲͿ񱩵Ĳɲļµ¡
ǣȻҰҵӣ
̻ʵϴŷŭɫĺ
Ϊ̻ʣһֱϵ˼Ĵߣ֮ˣ˼Ĵڣȴ˸ˣһΣεĲȥŭεĲȥ
ߣֻһ˼Ĵߣʲôʸҽа壿˹Ц
ߡ
̻ĺһȴȥղŵӵܵĪĴݲУнסʥҫĹâ˸ٵ޲Լϵ˺ۡ
ǿֲƣʥȥǼǻˣ̻ʵȴҲ൱ңʥڸղŵʱпܱӵ׵֮Ѹٵĸ˺ѵ
鷳ˡ
֮ɫ쳣˵
˵ҶǰĻǾͺðˣȴѵ˵Ҫһľ֮زɣϹֵĸ̾ţ֮еıȴղŸӵĿֲ
֮أҪƻܹƻ˵ģ˶ܹΣɱһɱ׬ˡ֮ͬھȴҲĲܹǽ뵽֮У
۵Ѿ¶˾â
ȻѾȷʲô顣
ǿҲ׷׵¶һĨصɫ
֮أĵǣа޻ڵޣһ㣬ǣϣκε˶ģȥεҲֻǻĵڲ֮£ڣȴҪа޵ĺһ¶⡣
˵ĵǿʧˣͻ൱鷳ģһﱻƷǻ֮ؽΪһȺŰĵط
ʥս
֮˵սҲǶ֮ս
Ż޵壬ڰŻȶӶ֤֮˵İһƣ˭Ҳлᷢôֲ飬пܣݻ֮ؽΪһƬǽ壬Ϊ֮صġ
֮Ѿ˶ϲ㣬ЩˣλǵĶ֣ҪסԼ̵ĹĻǵս
ְֳ¶֮ìıŷ֮ؿ˵
ֲϵ𶯳ȥޱߵ磬նһĲ
˹𽥵Ŀʼһʮҵӣץסһ׵磬׵֮ϣâ˸ϵ
Ű¶Եޱȵ̬˹ɫҲǱ
ò˵¶İѾвǿҵв
¶棬һһң޲վһֻѻǴǻ۵ĴڣҲΪѻĴڣ¶ſһδεѰٵԼļ䣬ںԼ
ŷ񡢰˹ƥΪǻẦ𣿲Ҫˣ֮ʲôطһķԴأ֮ҪռǾ׼ѾܾûʩչȫˣһΣҪ˭
۵¶ɭȻ֮ɫһէ֣ϵشԼϿʼð
𣡡
֮˸һɰӵ˼£䳹
һ޴س֮УŭǳǿֲϢڱǣ
˵ĺãӵҪǼܹĲˣϹֵ֮ҲâѸٵ쵽˼¡
ͬʼ̵˲֮

ˣ
ϣ
ķ
һ
һɢű亮񽣣˸ޱߵɱ񱩵ֺ˳ȥڱҪˡ
֪Ķ¶ٸԵˣһƺҪˣ
˹˵
ˣ
¶֮ìչ¶ԵǷվҰ¶Ϊ֮Ҫ𣿱ŷɱɱɱɱսʱĿʼ죡
ս۵Ȼϣһ޴βͬһѸٵĽһŷ
צݺݵسŰ¶˺ѹȥ
׵簡ڰɣ
˹еġٻ޾׵磬Ϊ׵ףâ˸˲ء
𣡡
Ϲ֣һӶ𶯣޾Ĳ˸˷Բ׵ķΧ
֮һŤ޲Ϊޣ
ӡ
֮˫ֽӡ޲̲֮ռ伤·ܵĴݲһ㣬ֲֿ֮Ѿһеˡ
죡ʥ֣׵£
һʱ䣬ԲķΧ֮У޲Ǳһɿµɱ;ıռˡ
ս
ϵս
ɱ¾
ΨѪܹ׵ĽһУܹսһս
е˶Ψһȫĵ£ʱ򣬲ܹһεս׵Ľ
ɣ
¶֮ìչƿİ¶·ǻΪؼףǿֲӶصĺײһ
ŭ
˿ĺͶԷײ
¡¡
֮УһƬ֮·֮УﶼҪȥֲֿ𶯶ʱڳ޲ע
ȵһйƽȣ֮ͲϹ̲סŭ
۵ǰ¶֮ìݺݵش̴ˡ
ǺԿˣ¶˫Ŀ˸͵Ľ۵߷ɣ漴еİ¶֮ì·ǻΪؼΨһһìҪ׵˺ѵ۵
Ļ쵰
֮ɿ˺Χ谭ͼǰȥ
ǲϹҲ˵Ķ
䣡
ޱߣ׵˺ǰȥ·һ˹Ц˵ǵĶ֡ңҫضҪƬأ̻ס˲Ϲֵȥ·˵
֣
Ϲŭе񽣻
Ǽǻ߲ϵĻӶԼľȴûа취ڶʱ֮ڽԼĶ֡
ɣҵİ¶֮ì֮УҲ԰ˣΪ֮ϣ
¶ޱȵ˵
һĻ谵·ƽۿŰ¶֮ìҪܵش۸ˡ
ҲʱһХȴ˳
䣡
һֻ֣˺գɿѹ
ؼ䣬·Ǳһֻȫƿء
Ψһһֻ֣˺أѹ˲񷣬ٵأ


1855 ǿƣ
ʲô
ǿ޲¶𺳵ɫ
һֻ֣ͬǲ֣֮ƺƵĹעϵٵأ쵽˼£ӵ׵ĳ̶ϡ
һɫ䣬֮Уֻһֻƴţ
ã
Ѿס۵İ¶ɫ䣬оˣһʷǰɱ֮ѾʼɿֻҪƬ̾ҪԼնɱһ㣬ֲֿѹ˺ѵ仯һеһжѾ׵һ
¶ûм˿ֲ޷󵽣⵽ʲôʲô˿Է
ܣ
оǿֲھۼʱ¶ѾʼⲻԸ⵨ӣòӣ
ǿ֮£ѹƵĿռ䶼һȥһֻ˺֮һıŷ֮񣬷׷׵ĿʼѵԼѪɽڳΧɢ
䣡
֣֮ѸٵĽ¶ֱӵѹƵ˵ϣֲ·Ҫضһ㡣
ǿҲʵĿֲ˼£һ̣κεһ˶ʼ
ǻĵǿȴ¶˾ϲɫ
Ҷǰ
Ϲֵĺ
Ļǿǣ޲¶˾ϲɫҶ˵شбˣֵıԽǽʥѹסΪ϶۵˹ڵϣһĸԸĹݣ˵ΪѵõȥѰҵڶˡ
ۡ
ȴǾ޴Ĳ֮ɢ֮󣬵ϣ¶ѾѲˡ
ŷȥʼǿеؼԪһﲻΪŷߣ˿ֲƣɭȻ׹ˣǰ¶֮ȴû䣬ֻǼʱѣϵ˺Ѿָ˲ˡ
ʲôˣ˹ɫҲǿ¶֮˹൱ģԷʵºԼԶҲ˵ģ˵һڰ¶֮оޱȵľ֡
ʲôʱȻǿߣ
飡
һȭӶʱˣһ˵ǿ󲨶Χڿʼֲޱߵ˼£ѸٵγһֲС
ۡ
ϣҵʹ˹ʼסԼеǿֲ֮£˶оԼ֫ٺҪ
һڽɫ֮Ѫ˳
˹֮д޷ڸǵ𾪺ͲĹâ
ģʲôˣ˹аԵĺ
͹˹ǿҲ˵ı飬˹εȵĿֲȴһȭ˳ȥҵΪֹ֮˾Ȼûг֣ʲô˵ʵѾǵǿֲ˼£ܹӵǿͿĴڣһֶô˵Ŀֲڰ
ڶ˵𣿡һԴ˳֮д޷ڸǵ·ĦŻһ㣬һ൱ǿѹ
ĳ֣ʱһӰҲ˵ע⡣
һӰֵ൱죬û˿Կһﵽʲôʱֵģͷ·Ǵ˾Ӧóһֱӡ
ѩѪͫ
ò㣬ȴһϢ·һֻħڶڿһ㣬ֲֿѹ޷ȥȥ
Ҷ죬ǷɱҶ죡
ǰշһֻŵȮѪͳҰҶҲ˶һúõоһʱ䡣
ȴû뵽һոоؼԪϵӿһʱ뵽˹ĵ飬Ȼܹ飬Ѹٵķɱ
ǰ
۵൱أȴҲҺüһĻ޷ȥֿס¶һν
޷Ҷ΢һ֮ѸٵֵĹע£뵽۵֮С
𣡡
֮ǾǴ֮˵һĪĶͣһѪϵĳɳʱһ֮ϵƲѸٵĻָ˵϶ղȻıʮ
ڵߣһ֮κεһ˶ԿĳʱѾҶĹע£ܵĪ棬ǿҲòٵĻǿΪ֮Ķ޲õĸղ˵˾Լ
ǰˣĻǻǵֿסˡ
Ҷĳ֣֮ͲϹֵ˵аԵľϲޱȣԭѾȡ뷨ˣҲܹȺһǽ뵽ľ֮أĻ´ңЩҲΪǵˣŵˡ
СС֮أԭһԵȥһ˵ģֻû뵽ǣǾȻĵҳһ֮棬˷ҴĵĽģ
Ҷ˫ĿâԵЩȻ˭Դ֮óҶʲô
ʱܷŭ൱ķŭ

˹ʱվǰ¶ǰǽ̻Ҳ̲סĿʼվߵһࡣ
ʱٸԵƺ໥̬
ǵģҶ̫ǿˣֽǰ¶ѹһȭ˹ɣˣѪǿ̬֮£ǽ̻һֱڼǿᣬϵۣʱҲִ֪磬Ҳ֪ȥˡ
һʲô֮أλ˿ֲѵ˵飿̻̲סĶŽе
˹Ͱ¶û˵ʱ򣬲ǲ˵ǲ֪εĻش
ҶǿѾǵ
һҶֻۣǵĻۣǱĵȴ㹻ÿռ䶼΢΢Ķһһ·ǿԹͨصһ㡣
һ֣նɱһǺĻǸûа취ʤ˭ǵʱˣУ˭͵˹ؿ˵
ͬ⣡
̻ʵϣҫĹԲϵͷš
ǰ¶Ϊ˿ȥȽϵĴȴҲǰ׳գ෴ǣļϣֻѻǻۺͼ䣬˼Ȼµĺܡ
һ𣬱һ𣡡
¶սеİ¶֮ìؿ˵

¶֮ìչǿԸо淢񱩵ĺһ㡣
ϣ
ŭ
ǣȥӦˣһǣ
Ҷߣؿ˵
ߵĴ£ĵӦû˿鷳
Ȼģ̻֮֮ʣҶ쵹żֺ棬ҪԵ
ôĿҵҪεǵĶ֣
¶ŭһİ¶֮ìѸٵĻһǿĹâҶϮ˹ȥ
һֻ̬·һɽһ㣬磬һһʽĪ̲šİ
͡
׵쳹˹ҲʼˣһһֱĺܣֶҲԵΪĹ졣
ʩչ֮У׵·Ҫոѵһ㡣
ҫѹ̻ʻеĹȨȣѸٵĻ˵ʥĺۼ
ߣ
Ҷһ̤գٵߵǰ
ֲںϣûӣ෴ǣһֵȻĸо·ڿ֮һ㡣
ϣ
ֱӴĻҶ
ˣһˣ
¶ߵϴϲɫ̲סĽе
һ̣ǵɫȴ仯һɺ嫵ȻĴҶڱ˳һ㣬ң


1856 ʤ
ã
¶Ͼ֮Ϊǿһˣŷ񡢰˹ƥ񣬶ϵ
ˣµʴ֮£Ҳ䣬ƻˣΪܹõȥǣ޲һֻصķʽõĴȥ
¶ΪϵȻų޷ǿԣڷ˲Ծ֮ŭһһΪߣһ棬ҲΪߵܹһҲܹҶƿѳ
ߣˮ׼ҲһҲ磬
Ҷߵ
䣡
ֲڵı˳
Ҷ棬޾˸ǳҫ׵е
Щںһ𣬶ʱƥ֮ĺɱߵ֮ϣֲʱҲɫ䡣
ã̻ʵߵΪСһоĿֲ֮󣬶ʱŭһ
㻹ܹȥΣȻţ
ҶһʱѸٵĽһƿ
һȷʵɱ̻ʣΪһﻹô
裡ţħҲҶıȻûи״Ž͢˵ĳ֣ȻĲ
һħţŭ֮ȭͷ˲Ļһλ͢Ŀʿ˲䣬ֲըȥʿĴ촷ۡ
񰡣ʲôⶼЩʲô˰̻ԭΪϴκҶ콻֣ΪԼֻһԵʣԼǳֵĻǶȻĲẦҶģû뵽ǣһεĳָӵĿƣûнҶ㶨෴ֻת˲ʱ䣬㱻Ҷˡ

һץסǰ¶֮ìҶЦһ

ҶֱѡΪ򵥵ķʽһȭɱ˹ȥҪ̫ΪǿȭֻѪ˺֣㹻öԷ޷
䡱
꣡
¶ֻǸоԼƻһĹѣѸٵеѪʣһӿʼƬĺۼϵӿ֣¶֮ìȻѣޱȿֲûɢͻһ㣬ݻһֻѪɫͻѸٵĳϾһײеϮ
ۣ
Ѫ¶׵ıҶɳȥ
׵簡ڰɣ
˹ƿءٻ׵
򣡡
ҶʩչԼ
ʩչ׵۵Ӱ
ˮ趯׵ۻʼѹ
ǿġ׵ڴ׵ۻ֮󣬶ʱԷȡˣû˿İ취ȥˮĳ֣˲ı㽫һײеİΧ

˹˾ĺ
Ҷȴ˿Ļᡣ
ѹ
ڣʱĿʼ𳹵׵ѹȥ
žžž
ֻ˹Ϸ貵Ĺâ˲׵ڣһĲ˹ʱ׵Ƭɢ֮С
˹ˣλ˹ƥֵǣĺ
ӣ
˹ǱȽϴһΪڤߣΪƿأȻ֪˹˲䣬ȻĻһڹҪʧ
ߣȥ
ţħſԼͣһħ˲ɱ֮ϣһɾ޴֮ȻĽȥ
Ļ쵰ħȥɣ˹ĺ

һ󹷽ǱҶòշҰʱȻҲʼˣѾʣ²Ĺ˹һҧס˶ԷĲӡ
ҰҧסĹ˹еһһҽڳ޲һ¡
ҰȥۣƺȴԿƹ˹Էϵ֮޷вҰ෴ǣһ֮ϵıҰɵ漴岻ϵͣĺڰâ
ǵĹâ
˹ҰڵȼԵĵһΣĻҰҲܽɵĸ㶨

Ұ󳩿Ľֻһգ۵ʱѣѾ䳹׵ȥ
һ񣬴źڰսߣʱȻһֻҰУȻ˹ΪƻԵʣûԭȫʢʱڵǱһֻҰҧҲǹ˹Ҳ벻ˡ
ۼãѸٵĻһ⣬޾ˮ֮ͼӴܡ
ӳȥ۵ʲôطã
۵ϴ˿˿ɷɱĺһֻצѸٵ̽·ǻȡһ㣬Ѹٵס⺣һֱֻۡ
꣡
ת͵Ľ˺ѵ
ڵѾ˳˵ڵңڵõҶ̲֮֮ԭϵ崫ҲѾʼѣһʬ̲֮صҲѸٵĿڵѾȫĿսʤ֮ͲϹߵĺˡ
֣
Լ˶նɱˣ¶̲סķһͼҶ콫䳹׵ѹҶλһĳ֣һ֣Ѹٵһȭɱ˹ȥһȭ֮У̲ޱߵ
꣡
ֲѸٵĽƬ
͡
һۼ͵Ĵ֮жߣͼӴܡ
Щν鳤ôڵԭɣ
һۼҶЦ˵
漴ʩչͨһֻ֣ѸٵĻ˲֣֮ȻĽۼ׵İΧС
ɣ
ҶѸٵĽһۼȥʱ֮еȻʼ֡
֮УʷʫʼɢҫϢøӵĿֲŨˡ
ȻҰȵ˽ӽɵĵزЩŷȻԴﵽ˵ĵزܴĳ̶ϣΪµġ
ŷѾˣǵĴ˵ģӴ֮ѴٳǴڵĸеѾΪҶĲƷڵҶԿ϶Щһ֮Ի˵ǿ󣬺̶ܴҲΪ֮Եʡ
ɱ
ʧȥߵĴڣ˰¶˹ʱıŷͰ˹ƥ޲ʼӴ̻ʴʱҶӡ޷͢ǿߣʱѾ׵ʧȥսƣֻǲϵѡӴܣӴܣ
Ⱥ֮ȻͼһĶԿ
ǽһ񣬱Ⱥһȵ˼£ʱڵĿüˡ
սѾʱҶ΢һסˡ

˹ıʱʧȥ˹ƿأҶڿһģһ׵һĵۼƣ·̳һ㣬ޱȵ¡
ǰ¶֮ìҴˣһȴûжѣһ˿ĺۼûг֣ȻĲʲôƷ
ҶаԵĸ̾Ҫͼ̽ʱȻ֮пռһ˿䡭
䡭
һɹɺ嫵ϢȻı𵴣⡢ɱ桭ڡ
СӣǲԶģ
һԵس֮Уĳ֣ҲҶüͷȻ


1857 ӣ
ܰ
֮أҲܹˣ
ⲻˣݵ޶ˣ
һţħϷŮ񣬷˼Ľ
Ůò൱Ĳף𱬵ĸӵţħѾĺֱӵĽŮһѡ
ǻŮɭŮˮ֮Ů񡭡
ⱱŷеŮ񣬻ǰ˹ƥеŮ飬ţħν߲ܣϵĵϷţϵţһĴˬ
ܿģڵϷ֣ˬţħҲ֮еһŵĻ˹ȥ
ֻ֮ϣһӰչ˳
ЩӰ˷ÿһ϶ſֲƥϢ
߽ۣݻӰ߻֮죬ͬǻһ㡭
һλ
Щѵ˵
֮ͲϹߵϣʱ¶һĨɫ
Ӱ۳ʱģЩ˵ģѾ˳
һλߣͣϵļѾһӣЩӶѻһͬһʧȥ˹Ƥһ㡣
ǻɫüë˵ϣ׵ĵزˡ
ǹӣȥԷͣǴϢȴԸоĳЩһǵ;ԵĲСˡ
ѵ˵ǣ
Ϲֵ૵ĵƺ޷Լ顣
û뵽ǾȻһ
һλϸˣؿ˵ԷͿȥ߰ʮģˣϵѾˣȴĺܣʮ߰ŮһϸˣȴŮɤ˵ĸоû˿Ŀζ෴ǻһ˶ĵĸо
ǰһΣҲֻһѵѣѾǵȥ·ضˣȺĵҳ֣Ҳӹҵѹġ
һλ˵ıһⳤһâ˸ϸϸĿȥȻԴâ֮пһβ˸ǽ۳Ϊʵ֮Ч
֮أ˵ö֮ǵȵʱ֮󣬿ȥ֮ؿǻˣ̵նɱҾ£
һ˴ԼʮˣÿһλɱڵӣȥʵЩһȴҶһϵĸо
ָоˬ൱Ĳˬ
Ͼڸղʲôûȵǳ֮󣬵˶ѾûʲôвˣһȺһﻹԼķṦΰֱҪŻ޷ڸǵŻ
ʿǳƽĸ罣ǰ
֮һλ񽣵ӣĿ˵
ϵĽѾ뵽˻֮УʵǿĺܣĺܣµĺܣȻվȴ·һʵһ㣬ʱĶԴ̴ӡ
Էһ֮ص˵ͷ
û뵽Ȼ˼סҵ֣
Է˵ãǴʱڳԼûʱ˵޲ǿʼ˼£۵ɫҲ΢΢ı仯
罣𰡣ǿϵĽǿߣСϴһ׷ϵĽʵ죬һﶼѾΪ˴˵ˣʹ˵ǧǰˣΪʲôڻˣ
ǾǷ񽣰һķ˸жϳ
찡ǲʥ𣿡
У
⡭Щǧ֮ǰͳΪ˴˵ﰡмأ޷Щ˾Ȼţʵ˵Ŀֲǿ󰡣
˵ѾڲϵĴݳÿһε۶⾪ݵԽԽԶ
һȺװƵļһﰡȥˣڵ˹ˣٳװƣİ
ţħ¶˲ˬɫؿ˵
ȷʵǶİôĵļһôأ
ƷƲƲ˵
СӣеһⲻȥĶ
һȻҶȵܴ˫ĿâҶ죬·Ҷһʮ֮һ㡣
˵֮ˣϴ˿˿ĺ˪Ϊᣬϵıĺܣϴһ׵ۣ۳̬ϿȥڶʮģϵϢȴ൱Ŀֲ
վߵһλߣҲ˵Ĵ磬ֻϵϢƺԵøӵĿ񱩼֣ͬһһǿ
һλߵʱ򣬺ܿĴҵϿʼ¶һĨ֮ɫ
⡭ⲻɽ𣿡
찡ŴѾﵽļ£ݻĻһľѧ㹻˺һѹ񷰡Ϊʲô
ǰÿµļһ
һλ꣬ѵ˵ĵ𣿡
ǺبźĺȻԳΪĵӣǰĺ
˵ϵĴݳ
Ǿۻ֮˵϶ʼ仯
һȺˣÿһλ¶쵱Ƕʵ
˵ȴֻմĹѣԷεʸСУҶ죬һʤԭΪѸٵĸϹĻˣ޲Ǳǿеնɱ
۵˶Ѿ˱ľˣϾǵ޷˹γɶԿġ
ߡ
Ҷһû꣬ԷֻһСˣĲֵȥġ
Сӣں˵أ㾹Ȼ˵̬ȣڶһ裡
һ𣿡
˶ʱķӦ˹ƺǶΪ˽⡣
ǻʮһʥ֮Ϊصһˣ˵϶൱صģǱΪʮһʥҲֻΪԷʵǿᣬǵǶôĿ£ȴûκεһ˿Թģֻû뵽һﾹȻĵӣɽһµĴ˵ˣܹΪĵӣһĪĶͰ
ǣЩˣûг֣ӵûõٵȻʱ˵ķЩҪ
ֹ
ͬΪĵǿߣЩǿƥ𶯣ǿߵʱȴûг֣ڳһ̬һ˵ǿƣȻŷ
ǿжһйϵǿѾһĨ
£һεսҶǰƿȫ֣Ϊĳ֣ǿ¶ģƺЩˣ
֮üͷ΢΢𣬶ؿ˵
ǺǡҵĵЩϬˣ
Ϊһƿأҵλݶǿ˶ԼӵʾǸ⣬ǺܿģȴٴεĳҶ쿴˹ȥ
ССͣȻ˵ΪȷʵƿصģһΪϵҲԳ֮Ϊħ̲̫аħϢǱƿأ»ᱻĻڻ˵һֻ˵һǵôߣ
Ҷüͷ𣬿ܿ¶һĨļ֮ɫ˵ô࣬ȫǷϻǵĿЩɣ⻰˵൱ֱӣ޷˿ûԣһʱ˵ɫ˲ıѿ


1858 ֪֮
㡭֪ں˭˵𣿡
ϴ޷ڸǵķŭ֮ɫȻû뵽Ҷ쾹Ȼ˵˵ֱǴ󲻾
ڳЩˣֻԼʦ˵ݶǳʹģÿһ˶һ棬һʷʫĴ棬ǵĴ˵ѾΪһĴڡ
Ǻĳ֮Уȴû뵽һεĳ֣ȻҶ˵ġ衱ⲻг޷ڸǵ𾪺ͷŭ˵ɫҲȻѿ

һЦͻȻݳЦ֮һλģ׳Էĳ趯ϣ˺ëŨܣȥ·һֲֻʨһ㣬ϵļ¡һָļ⣬ȥĿ£ޱȵǿһۿȥһֿɲѹϢ
Сӣʦ˭㾹Ȼ˵ķҾʶһ£ʲôس
ʨǰαҪϳ֣ҳֱǣСӲ֪ߵغ񣬻ҳѹһ£
ͻȻĿ˵
Щˣ֪ҶʵûмҶ֣ˣҶҲûһʶڼҶ˵ķȻҪҶ조̵һ
λǶǰˣҲ̫İԵЩɣ
ȵĿȥˣԴӱҶ֮󣬶Ҷĸм֮Ѿ޷ڸˡ
ӲҪ˵ΪҶԵʣڵõ֮֮Ͻ뵽һĵزԼѪ֮е崫еõ˺ܴһ֣ʵͻͽһݸмȻԱġ
ߣۣ֪㣬һʬޣϸ˵Ҳ࣬࣬ٸҷǾͲҪɽ˽շ
˿ûĺȵ
㡭
û뵽һﾹȻ˵İԵݺ͵λ򵥣˵˵ĶԴĻ˵Ĳʱķŭ֮Ŀʼȼ
û˵ƺǶĻѾʾĬˡ
ǵģɽԭŽħ˵еǿߣԵȥշħ࣬࣬Ծӡ
۵ɫεĺÿˡ
Ҫ֣âȴѸٵ˲Ǳˣϼһ˫Ŀ˿˿ĺâ·Ҫʱ̵նɱһ㡣
֮ǲϹ֣ɫ޲¥˷ŭɫϾһ˴ӿʼΪֹûնɱһǿߣȻҪвԼı֮ˣа硣
۵ʵȻǿᣬ֮£ȴȥǲң޷ȥʵȻͻͽȴҲһǿߵĶ֡
壬޷ȫǿֲǿѹȥ
Сӣҹ£ģ
Ȼĳ֣ҶϮ˹ȥ
һȻóʩչƷƷ֮УĲХƲһ֮߶ɽӣض·ڷںͲ
񷶼ŶԷǿƷ֮£ʼγ˹ѵ̬
һľ޴ӰѸٵĻۣ漴ݻΪӰٵȥմ£̬ͬĴɽһ㡣
صƣʱĽҶΧֻҪһƴȥ˲ı˺ѵ
ģҲģǿ϶
Ҷվû˿Ķƺɵһ㣬һȴֻһΪˡ
۵ȴû˿ĵǿԣΪ֪ҶʵȴҲΪҶ쵣ǣǵһˡ
СӣɣȻ˵ķǸԵĵȥɣ
ƺǿҶԼѹ֮£γƬӣϵıԽļ
ۼһݻҪҶ쳹׵ѵˣǾһ˲䣬Ҷˣ
죡죡죡
ٵľˣͬǹϵ׷ѰһѸ٣ƺسʱڣΪʥһ⡣
Ҷеġˣ
һ˹ڣҶǿ֮£Ѿûԭǿķ
͡
Ⱥ׷£׵磬ѸͷǷ⡮ԭ׵ԣʱѸ͵˼£ֻת˲ʱѣѾǰ
ãСңס֣
û뵽Ҷĳ־ȻôѸͣȵ˷Ӧ֮һжѾˡ
͡
ޱȵĦռ쳹
Ӱɢˣڵɢˣһеһжɢ˼£µֻǾ㵵ʱľ֮ɫԼ壬עԼƺǸĲԾ
㡭
һ˵һ֮Ѫȴ·еˮһ㣬Ѹٵӿ˳
ǺεȵǺεѸ͵ٶȣȻʱҶġնˡ
ֱնϵġ
ʦ𣬾ң
Ѫӿ̬ʱѾ׵ĵû˺ҶԿ˼ֻҪԼѪѹȥһȴû˿İ취
ѪʣԽԽ࣬ʵѪѾ޷ƵĿӿȥ
ʹʱѾ޷Ƶı˳ۣ൱ۣʹľʹһľʹ
ںޣ޷ƵĻںޣϵӿ
ʦ𡭡𣡡
ݺݵؿҶ죬˵֣ҲȻķֳ룬׵ʧˡ

̬ŭҶ죬֮дű̹ǵĹâ
С˭ʲôţ
̹ǵı䡣
͡
嶯
Сӣ
ǿ֮дŷŭ·ȥԼĵһ㣬˽еļϸĴǿ֮⣬ȫˡ
һ̣ѣڣϢ˲ľı
޷ĿֲϢڴʱѾӿ˼¡
һҲһƷһ̲صƺǿԴ죬ѹǴأﶼҪ̵߽Ԫʳ˳ʱž졣
֣
Ҷˣ
һ̣ûжԼġ෴ѡʩչȭ
Ѫ˺֣
ʵԿЩһǿߣȫĲҪ̫⵹һȺˣһȺСǾ۷ǿߣֲʩչ̫ľѧ
ã
ֵ˲䣬͸оǰҶϸıˣȭǵƥ˵ž졣
ȭ
ȻĻΪȭ˫ȭһգȭͷĹâ˸쳣񷣬̤ϣһ޴Ӱչ˳Ӱ񷣬ŭ𣬷Ƕ˿µŭ
㹻Ŀٲ񷣬ٵأһոµĹȡ
ȭҶ¹˭
ȭ棬ӰڣӰԵǷԺյγʵʡ
պͿռ䣡
嫣޵У
оҶȭ⣬ɫȻһ䣬Щֵǿǣ˵
ã
ŭ


1859 ̻ʵ
ȭ񷣡
ҶıһӰչֳ
޴˸ӰӰÿһƬ۶ʵʵ·Ϊʵһ㣬ʥͼ˸ݻΪΪĿºۼ
׻Ծһצһβ޲̲Ĵеİ׻Ӱ

Ҷ֮Уһֱ䣬ȭͷݺݵغɱǿϡ
һ˲֮䣬ͻȻı޾ĹâϢƳȥԺյ˸еÿ䡣
еǿǣ޲ǸоԼĺһļ٣ѪӿҪ񱩵ĳɳ
飡
ϮҶҶһеĳ֣ʱĻޣγ촷ۣһĹѡ

﷢ĲҽӰҶȭӡ֮£һ䵽ףֱӵĴ͸
ƹѣȭͷİ׹ǶԿ
֪Լʧˣʧˣ͹ҶʵĽҶ쵱һСˣ뵽۵˵̬ȣڵĸоЩԾˡ
оˣԼȭҶȭȽϣֵһᣬһֺ嫣ƴƥϢ
оǰҶһ飬һŵ飬һһʽ̲
һжˣ׵ˣ
һȭѲ񷣬Ҷȭͷ棬̲صĳɵȻȫ֣ȴҲ㹻һе׵ɢġ
˫Ŀâ˸޷ţ
ôܣǴ̥ҲȻĲ˿µ
зĺ
һȴʵʵڵķˣݲȥݲȥڡ
¡¡
Ҷȭ̲صĿֲһ̣׵ı˳
ӴƥҶΪģ޾ıȥ
һ֣ȫĳ֣
оȭϵڷıĺʱ˲ϵƣѡ˴
Ӱٴεչֳȭչ֣Ӱ棬ǳĺۼȻһȭҲ򵥡
ܹڵ̶ȣȻĲ򵥵ģҶǿ϶һھ֮»Ϊǿߣһжˣ׵ˡ

ҶЦ
飡
һ̤أҶǿ壬ʱŷ˲ﵽһ£ı
ɱصѷ׷׵Ľɱ޲𶯣˸춯
Ҫ
֪Լ޷Ҷγ˿谭ʱѡȥ
ˣ
Ҷ񱩵ŭƺǷİ׻ƿסŷ
͡
̤ǣɱ˲飡
޴֮У˲䱻ѵγƬ˲˾㵺Ȼı֮Уˡ
һ޾µǿߣǧĿҶеˡ
ãӣ
Щֵǿߣ͸оΣգֻҶһһȥӦûȥֵնɱǰˡ
ܣܣ
ҶЦֹϵʼ񱩵ıȥ
ͬһ̫ŵħ񣬿ٵ̤㣬ÿһε̤㣬һĺۼǧΡ
䡱
һǿ߱һԴը˲γ˱ʬ壬һǸղŴѵҶλǿߡ
飡
һϸ˵屻˺ѳΪΣ˵ֶ׺ݲбҶ첻ġ
죡
ٵľˣ
ֻǼʱѣҶѾԵޱȵնɱ˸ղųֵˡ
飬ҶԵĲ飬̫ˣ֪鲻ʴȣǶԼĲ̣˵Ҫնɱ⼸һ
ֻΪԼΪܹնݳ
Сúݵİ
һǿޱȵĺ
ҶȴֵһѷԷΪѪģƬ
ǰǰ
ʣµЩǿǣûг֣ǴʱҶ˫ĿȴǣЩ˵һĲ
жԹҲǿΪλǵķӰ
ģҶԹǸղûг֣ǲնɱǵģõĲҪңĻĺǣǶǵұǾ֮𣡡
Ҷǫѷĺܣڵϵʱ䲻࣬ô˵ҲΪܹ֤ԼѵİȫһȺǿߣһԼ뿪ĻǾһ֪ڱʲô鷳ĻԼ˵һζôֲѡ
ǵģǰһصģ
ǿ˵
ʲôЦգۼıնɱôǿߣ㼶ǿ߶һǸоҶûжȫЩǿ߲ǰ׳գǸоҶĺܣϵǿ߶֪ûһ֮еĴڡ
ΪУǲ𣿿ҴûжٵìܣȻĲǵõġ
ܺã߰ɣ
ҶӶֱۣ漴˵
лǰ
˹˵Ŀ뿪ٶȱղźֹʮ
޲õԼĽܹһ
ǰһĳ֣Ǿ군ˣ
ۿЦ˵
λĵǿȻ֪һ㡣
׷׵¶˸мɫ
һΣҲҿǵĲȫҵεǿ󣬵ȴҲδؿػסĴصģǲ⻪ĵϣ
Ҷֵһʱöĵҩ׷׵ķ˳ȥ
һ貵Ĺâɢ˳
ǡ
۵˵¶˾ɫЩҩҩһԸоԼϵž죬ǿһ֣Ե񵤣ɵ
ǵģ໥İȥúõļȡеΣЩҩҲˣҪС
Ҷڤ֮кŰ˲ͼ֮Уĵҩ漶ĵҩҲܶ࣬˴Щҩó
лǰ
ǿĹ˵ϡ
ϵԪѾ˼£ϺõҩѾԼˣôĵҩÿ˶Էֵʮŵģ˵ǾǸ
޷ǵǿ󣬾һĵǿ֮ۡϹ֣ϣǿԽȥֻΪ˴ҲҪиÿһˣһεҲˣ˵֮أÿһ˶˵ǾȻĲֵġ
лǰĽ̻壬һὫȥģ
ǿĽе
Ҷ˵ͷ漴ĳһ˹ȥ
̻ʴʱޱȣǴ޷ڸǵ֮ɫͲ̬
ҶڿԼʱ͵һ֪Լĩˡ
Ʒֵˣ
Ҷĳȵ
ǵģҶ٣һΡȷʵֵˣ
Ʒ֮ɫŽ̻ʿ˹ȥ̹ǵ˼µ˵


1860 ʷϵһ̻ʣ
޵ǿģ޷ڸǵģʱƷغɱ⡢⣬Ƕڽ̻ʵĳޣһʱµĳޣ
Ʒ򡭡
Ʒ򣬽̻ʵϴʱѾʼԽҶ죬Ҷ˫Ŀźâע̻֪Լ군ˣ׵군ˡ
ԼߵЩʿǡ
Щʿ̻ʵĸӵĲӵһǿҵĳ嶯һֲĵĳ嶯֪Լһ´һ壬ĵģ˻֮ζζսᣬһеĳ֣ҶɵģΪûнҶʵȥһλĿľ군ˡ
ûкҩһеһУҪе
̻ʡٴεļˣ
뵽Լİ֮˵Ĳ뵽һеḶ́Ʒһ˿һ̷Լ̷ǣ̷еһƬʥ࣬ȴԼİ֮˶סǶôķ̣飬飡
ƷϵԽĿ£ϵɱ⣬ѾΧʥನʼ
Ʒ򡭡ڽ͢ӦûиģҲţȫĲڽ͢ûһ˿һĸ飬ĵʦĵ·ζͽ͢޷иȥεȥޣȴҲ޷һиģ
죬̻ʣӱ죡
Ʒ
ˣ㾹Ȼ½͢ҫ֪ĻһὫ㳹׵ѹȥģˣ군ˣھȻҶԽ̻ʴ˵ķ
һλʿţϴ˿˿ͷŭȻǶƷΪʾ൱
͡
Ҷһ֣Ѹٵ˺ա
飡
ǿʿ˲䱻˺ѳΪޡ
Ҫɱˣ
̻ʴغ
ɶǽ͢ɣ֮͢ҪѪȫˣĽΪٸˡ
Ʒ򡭡ȷʵһ飬Ҳǽ͢ˣεɱ¾ȴţڽ͢ٸԻиģ㣬Ͼɱ飡
ƷĿһ͢ǿߣ˼ǧܿȴĵ˵ͷ̻ʣ㲻ҪøѹңԵĵֻһֻҪˣЩһǣǲȥģ
̻ĵ˵ͷ˫Ŀ֮¶һĨĹâעƷ
Ʒ룬һ飡
ͷ㲻Ҫôߣ
Ʒ˵
̻ʿЦһԼеҲ൱Σһȴûа취飬Լȥ鴦á
ΪٸԵˣʲô̻ʴˣ٣ˣȴҲѡΪ飬ӲҪ˵Ϊ̻ʣǲܵ鰡̻ʴˣжҫٹ⣬ΪһεĽ̻ʣٸ˵һ޷Ĵֻ֮ˣˡ쵰ɣ
ٸԵǿǣ֮дŷŭɫ̲סĴ˶ʼĿ
仯ƷҲޱȵƣ̲סԼıӣ
үģƷүôĲ𣿡ǺܿģƷȴ֣ڳ˵УڿѾһ֮ΪȻĵ˵ͷ
ǵģ൱ϿɺͿ϶
ΰ£˵Ʒ̲סжڳ˱һָ
ƷǷܳΪٸԵˣ
̻ʵı鿪ʼ쳣Ȼһġ
һ۽̻ʣƷȴĮ˵̻ʣһΣ˭ҲȲģҪҳΪ̻ʣȻŵ޷ʵֵģȫĲܣûأ
̻΢΢һЦ˵̻ʣΪ͢棬ȫΪٸԵһȥģĲΪԼΪҫˣֻҪΪ˽̻ʣҾͻ̵ʧȥʥļӳ֣Ҹ޷ģƷǷԸܣ
Ϊ̻ʣ飬Ʒû뵽ǴӿʼΪֹû뵽⣬ǵʵĳԼǰ֮ȴЩ
ԼΪٸԵĽ̻ʣ
͢пźܶŮòƶޱȣֻȱȥǣ
̻ʲ֪⻹⣬ֹ
һ仰ʱڳĿʿǣ׷׵ĺ̻ʵ仰ֱƷ󵽣һƦӣǳΪ˽̻ʣٸԵŮǽֺεȵı仯֮ҲΪ
仰ȴʵʵڵĻƷߣ˫ĿðƷ͵ľ
ͷһҿûΣȴҲǧˣֻһΣүžãɰģܺã̻ˣ
װƣ
ƷҶ޲ʼ¶˱ӵɫѾʵ̫װˡ
ܺãҫɣ
ƷĻش̻ʵҲ¶һĨɵɫܺ£ǺƷὫٸַǺһﲻӦԼ
̻ʻô꣬˺¶̫ˣһϺ֮꣬ǰҲҪһϺģҪƷ򵱽̻ʲû˽ĵġ
һս˺ܶ࣬ԭʮþȵ飬һᱻģһеı仯ȴΪһ˵ĳ֡Ҷ죡
ҶĳָıһС
ΪҶĳֱ֣תˣҶĿֲǿҲΪ֮ӵĴڣƷʶҶ죬ߵĹϵ൱УһƷΪ˽̻ʣͱʾҶҲ˽ȥʱĻٸԽڲ֮أǲȥģȴҲԽٸһոµĳ̶ϡ
֮У
̻ʵȻĳһҫĹâһĹâɢԴ棬Ǿ˸ʹ̬ҫʹ޸裬ʷʫĸ̣֣ڳ֡

Ǿ˲ƷԴϣľڿٵĴ̴ƷһѪ⣬ѪʳʹƷǿܵ˵ġ
ֻת˲ʱѣƷϱ㿪ʼһʥҫ˳
ʥʥ׳棡
ʥҲ׷׵ĴеƷϣҲʱƷıһǿĹâȴ˳
һӰһֳʥ䣬Űɫ۵ӰԷģĿȴԴϸоһǿƥҶɫʼ仯
ǡӰһһƦӣΪʲôȴԲǿҵĲλʿ϶ʼ仯޷ŵĿƷ򣬷·ڿһһμ˵
ǽ̻ʵ嶼һΪʧȥʥļӳ֣ڱһȴΪ޷ţȫ޷󵽣Լڵõеʱ򣬶ûдﵽ˵ЧΪʲôһȴԣ
ѵ˵һϵ۵˽𣿸ģϵۣҲҪ㰡
̻ʲ޶


1861 ˮ
ʥ࣡嫣ƥʥ
ĺۼƷ˳ʱҶ춼ԸоǰƷѾ˲Сĸı䡣
ָıϵĸı䣬ڱϵ
͡
Ԫ֮͵˸Ҷ쿴ˣƷıֳʥӰȻ춯صââκ˶ģֻҶԿ֮Ѹٵתֻת˲ʱѣҶоһֿɲΣ
ã

еıȥ
ޣĶͣϵʥģǿģŷ㽫ΪͲ࣬ŷ㽫Ϊ󡭡
ͬһ㣬ʼҶĶ߻صⲻĴһĴߡ
ƻζ
͡
ǰȵʥӤȻԼ˫ĿâѸٵ˺˲񷣬֮䣬һӰΪǿҵķ
ҵȥ
ʥӤֱӵıֿڵĺʯ˺
ˣ
һӰƺǸоʥӤĴڣʱӶԼеʥ䣬ҫԿٵıŷȥͼʥӤ׵Ķ
飡
ײеѸٵıȥ
ε֮Уʼʼݣʼȴûκ˵ע⣬һսεģκε˶ȥģ
һɹƻһ޷ڸǵĹƻϢ˵񣬲ŷΪԷĿܣ
ҶаԵ˼ţЩ
Բڵ򣬵֮еκεܲ嫵ǲĲ޷ĸо
뵽оҶѾԵĽ䱸
֮ŰɣһҵУ㽫Ϊҵū
ŭ֮дŷŭȻΪҶĵֿѾöԷʼ˷ŭʥӤŭһҲһԪˡ
Ʒʱ˫Ŀԭ˫ĿʱŵĽâ˸֮Уһ㣬Ͷ֮䣬޲Ǵ˿˿ʥϢһϢѾһǿҵѹȸУǿ̬ԭֹҪֲʮĵز
ҶлǰԵһ٣һûܵٵʧһӰѾʧˣһԪˣҪһʱ䡣
ҶҲ϶һӰĴԪһˣӦûһֵϵڵƷϣһԼԵʣԷԵĻὫƷƿġ
ߣļһȵʱ֮ҽԵĽѹʱ㳹׵ɢ
Ҷ˫Ŀ˿˿âؿ˵
ˣҲûʲôо
Ʒ͵ȫ˫Ŀ̬һǿҵĲ
ȻǶԼϵı仯û̫ľȡ
ԭѾҪĽ̻ʣʱƷĻ֮󣬶ʱɫԽѿ͵һ죬׵ıƳΪ촷ɢ֮С
õһٸԵƿأߵͳߣˡ
ʧȥ˽̻ʵƿأЩٸԵĿʿһ㶣ǺܿȴĹ˵ϣƷĸ
ճ˵Щ˶Щˣÿһ˶ǿʿеǴʥʿ˳ģȻ̵úܣڼƷǽһı仯֮ЩȴƷµĿ
һһĴߣһεĽ̻ʸӵĿֲͿ£Ĵٹ⽫ᴫ˷
˵뷨֪ԭƷһƦӣȴҲѸٵĳƷĴڣԭΪԽЩǣΪƷʵӵߣһ㣬¾ǽ̻ʸûа취뵽һġ
¸¸¡̻ʰǽ̻ʰƷүȻҲԳΪ̻ʣ
ƷŵЦٸԵƿأһ̻ʣ쵱ﰡǿƷŵЦݺ͵ɪޱȵЦôôоôζء
ҸᣬƷ׵ĹһϵһӡǣӰڸ߲εĴԪǳôڵĻ˵һʲôʱͻıģ˵Ʒ˵ʲô¡
ҶаԵ˼ţʱһĹ⻪ȴҶע⡣
һ⻪ڵµһ֮Уһɢɳһɢɳǽ̻촷֮µĺۼ
һĹâӲϵĴ촷֮ɢ
ʲô
Ҷ΢΢һ漴˼
ƷѾĲļһһ۱㿴Ҷ뷨ƽĶźۼ͵Ҷǰ
ս֮սӽˣһεʥսеսУΪԱһˣϵʥսӽˣ۵˵Ȼʥս״˲СĳȴҲǸѹ
׵СӰ첻Ҷ죬ڵʱ佫עŵĵط˵ǰһöˮã
ˮǽ̻ģĽ̻ɢǺεȵĿֲǹȨȶѾ׵ʧˣôֲһöˮþȻû˿ģҶ첻ɵ
⵽ʲô
Ҷ΢΢һĿһԵĹ۲֮Ҷ췢֣һöˮȻȥˮģʵȴһľʯ̳ģ̵ֵ൱أǵҪ൱ǿſԽƿص̶ȡ
ܹﵽزеϸ΢֮Ҷ죬Ҳز
ĵֶΣֱǹ񹤣ҵ޷ﵽˮ׼ܹõĵزԲǵϵĲǵϵģȴҲبʱڡ
ˮãȥͷ·һöһ㣬ӣȥ൱Ĺ죬ˮãֻ壬ͷ·Ůļһ㣬֮дһ̲ͣסҪȥϵĴ
ž
΢΢Ҷ콫Լʩչ˳ҶԼȥԼȥжϡ
ɵǶԸǽ̻ʶûʩչɵֶΡ
鷢ˣҶɵȻûˮñ仯ֺһ˿嶼ûг֣˵ֶεʱҶ档
̻һΪٸԵƿأȻĲмȥѼЩѰ֮õ˴еƷ֪֪֪һӦҲ֪ģĻ͸øˡ
ҶԽԽú棬Ŀʼ̲סĽԼ뵽ˮõڲ
ȴû˿ն
ȻԼڵ޷һһ˿仯ǾͳԼ
Ҷ컺ؿ˵
Ҷ̲סĵԼü֮֮
䡭
֮뵽ˮõһ˲䣬ˡ


1862 һ
䣡
֮뵽ˮõһ˲䣬Ҷɫʼ仯֮ѾΪʵʣΪ˰ȣǿޱȣʩչرɫ
亱ܹ˵Ϊܴ֮졣
ڣڣҶ֮ȴܵĪĸı䣬ǿ֮뵽ˮõ˲䣬֮Ȼ·ܵĪٻһ㣬ޱȵĿʼ
뵽еٶȷɿ죬ǣЩ֮ʼҶƿصģȴ޷ܵһ˿һƿأһкǧ޷谭޷ƿأ
ô£ȣֹ
Ҷд󺧣֮֮أԼڵûˣȴҲԼ֮ܵѹƣǱɸɾĻǽԼĪʧǻԼģˣҶеľǸӵ
ãã
̲סĽ
䡭
ȿʼٵתʱʥӤ˫ĿɵùԲ֮дһ˿˿ļɵ֮ɫʥӤƿ֮ȵĸڣͷ·ǹ֮еһ㣬˭Ҳ޷ȥʧĹ֮Уߣ˸ûа취ȥѹ
ǾһöССˮȴоһ˿޷ơ
ģ
ĺ
Ҷıŷͼһöˮá
žž
ϵӿȴڲҶоԼ֮еܵˮõĲ֮Ѿʼ
壬ʱѾʼɢˣȻҲʼ޷ˣģģ鷳ˣ
ĺèҶ֪һԼĴˣû뵽Լһκ棬Ҫͼˮõİ⿪ȴԼ꣬ռʱѾֳһеЩӴ֮Եģڵ֮ˮõǣ¿ʼԽ񱩣ͬǺˮһ㣬ϵʽ뵽ˮ֮УһȫĽȥƱػԼ˵궼׵ı
һܵˣһĻƱҲֲĺΪµǣԼ˽ΪˣֻϵĴڣȴ׵ɢˡ
ĸģ
аԵŭ
ȣ
ʥӤһӡǣͼȥֿסˮõ֮һУѾһ˿ֿĻᶼûУЩӡڽ뵽ˮֻܹ֮һ˿˿ĸı䣬һ֮Ѿ˲ɢɾ
ˮÿ϶ĲǼ֮̫ˣȻȥĻ˵궼군ģ
ҶаԵЩ
һȴѾڵȥֿסġ
ʱһһľӹȥˣÿһεʱȥɻҶ֮ʼɢӴһ֡
ҶѾоˣԼ񶼿ʼΪԼ֮Ѿѷһµĳ̶ɵġ
ҶţԼٹȥһʱ䣬Ҫˮõ׵ɵԼǸʱԼ᳹ʧȥƿأʱԼΪˣֻûƿء
쵰ҲģҲģ
Ҷ췢˷ŭĺ
ģȫĲģҶ컹Ըûа취⿪ԼѾǧ˵򣬾ΪѰҵԼ˫ףԼ˾磬ΪľѰҵϹΣкܶ飬ҪԼȥкܶҪԼȥƣ黹Լˡˡֶ֡Ҫȥԡ
Ҷƺǳ׵ɢˣ뵽һֻ֮УȫĻ磬ڣѩףеֻһֻɵı仯
·ξ֮Уơⲻ
֮УҶȴоԼһǰδеȻûа취ȫѣȴоԼѾ뵽һɲĳ̶ϡ
ݻںϣϵؼµ֣ʥԭˣԭˣ㷢ֵĻҾͿԼһȫµĳ̶ϣǸʱҪٴεĽҲǲܵ鰡
ҶаԵĿЦ
ڵȴûˣоˣԼһƣ״̬״̬ǰδеĿºǿ
ΪоԼڻ˼ȥҶΪԼѾˡ
䡭
һǿҵĲȻҶһԭЩģͼĸо˲Ϊ֮һ٣
ʲô
Ҷ΢΢һȻо֮УһЩƿ˻磬ڵıҶоˡ
һŻ
ɫŻ
ȥ
Ҷһָо
䡭
ǿҵĸо֮£ҶҲû룬ֱӵȥˡ
¡¡ˡ

һ̣ҶӯоϤϢûɢƿء
͡
еһöˮȻɢһǿĲ۵Ĺâʼ˳
ʱüһʹһɿֲȻ˲Ҫ˺ѵԼһ㣬ǿֲ˲ע뵽С
֮ٴεĻˣ
Ҷһľϲ
ʱʥӤѾ˯һϢˣȱˮһϳ˵ĹѺۼÿһһֿµϢ
ǵע֮ʥӤʱľһȱˮܾõһȥԼҪ
ȽˣڳֵӴ֮ȴȼü֮
¡¡
ԽԽ꿪ʼعˣҶо൱Щ꣬ԭĸӵľӿֲ
ʱ䲻̵ĳţҶղŻھޱȣȴоԼǽһ˷ܰ
ԭѾɢ֮ڳ׵ĿʼعˣұԭӴ̶ȸӿ¡
һɰ
Ҷ쾪ϲĽΪֹ֮Ѿһ㣬Ҷ֮Ŀֲ޷󵽵ģҪӵĻҪǿֶΣȥɴꡣ
ڣֻǶݵʱѣ֮ȻѾһ㣬һڳӡ
ɣ
ĳɣ
ɡ
䡭
ٴεķһ춯صڸ̣ʷʫγʵʵӡǻѩһƮ֮Уǧ鷢Ӵ֮ԴԴϵע뵽˹ȵġ
ʥӤĽ̬ǽһ˷ܰ
ڵģȵ֮һ֮󣬲ŻͣЪ
䡱
ü֮һ޴ĺˡ
һ̣Ҷǽһ޷ڸǵļ϶Ҫʼ
һһ
ڵҶѾԼ뷨ˡ
еˮãʼ²⵽һµ顭


1863 ѹӡ
ıǿԴĴ󱦱
Ҷ˵֮д޷ڸǵ˷ܣ
ѾԼĲ²⵽ˣˮõˡ
ǿģģǱκεһҪҶ춼оԼһһ֪ĵزҪ˵ĻҶֻǽȥѹƵˣֶλû˽̫ࡣ
Ҷѧ˲٣Щص㣬صȻ£ҪȥĻǱȽѵģڵҶҪķʽ֮⣬ҲѰҵķˡ
ڣǰһ
ȻȽϵĲпᣬЩֲͷ

ϵĴ
Ҷ췢ˣһöˮãܿܵľһִһĿ´ڡ
Ҷ²⣬һöˮĻֻҪǴﵽ˶ԷҪĵزͿԼֵĳɳ˵ԼղţԼֻǽԼ뵽У󣬲ָԼԼһ
һǺεȵĸζԼһһȵ
뵽ҶڶҪ÷ˡ
Ʒڵڣһµļһһӡǣ²ûдĻӦһ¼һӡǣŶԷһ˿ԼȻ˶ԷһȴƷڣһһڰ˵öԷʲôʱͻֵģ˵һﳹ׵ĸĻǵǰһƷɣԽһصĶ
뵽Щ֮ҶѾЩ
ƷڵһӡǷͬСɣԷǳν֣ҶȴҲ֪һľˣҶиоԼӦÿԴһӡ֮лõܶĶЩԼҪġ
һΣ
ˮãҶ嶼ڲ
⵹ں£һжδ֪ģҶû˿İտԱ֤ԼᰲȻ
ƴˣ
ֻΪƷҲΪ˴ӶԷϵӡ棬õԼҪϢҶȥƴűȥƴ
䡭
ȻˮٴεĽҶ˹ȥٶϱղŸӵײС
򣬲ϵĳɳʱҶѾоԼϡϡϣڷıǣ㱩ǵٶȣǳЩˡ
ջĻ֮Ҷʱ䣬ϵĴϵȥĦѾԼ֮ıʮ
ʮ
һôֲ֣Ҷ춼޷Լ֮ȻȻڶʱ֮ʮĵز
죬ѾȫʵʻŨ֮ǿݻ޾Ĵڣȣʱ֮ϣʷʫ޾İʥӤСϴʱʼֿ˻
뵽֮ˮõʱ򣬻һֱĸоҲʹಢŰɡ
䡭
ڵģҶѾоˣԼ֮뵽һƿ֮ŽԼķֹͣ
ʱһӡǵıˣ
Ҷ컺ؿ˵
Ҷ١˵Ĳİɣ
Ʒһľ֮ɫ˵
ҶԼĲ²˵֮ɫ
һǷŭһȴǾޱȣޱȡ
Լһöʱըһޱȿµ鰡֪һʲôʱըˣһӡıĻԼˣ˭Ҳ޷֤һǲǻƿԼȫ
һֲ²⣬Ǻпܵġ
ƷҶ죬ޱȵΣû˿ĻɣΪƷԼһҶģûȥƭԼ
ǵģȷʵģһǿһεĽ֣ȻһˣȴҲû˵ʵʣҲұ֤һĽӡѰҵǲǻΪߵĿ˺
Ʒ˫һ
Ҷ٣Ĳ˵һĴҵڣǾҲԸ㣡
뵽ԼϿǺһŮһȦȦ棬ȴû뵽ԼڻһӡǣԼ˽ȫް鷢ԼϣԼԿ
Ժô椣Լ˵þһִĵŰ
ſȥһѹѵ
Ҷ컺ؿ˵
ڵ֮ѾȻıʮԭ˵ǾһһأҶȴһָоһӡǵ˾ԵĲ򵥣ԼͶԷʱ򣬶ԷȻԼȥ൱ʵԼѷһġ
䣡
ƷſԼ֮ҶѾʼٵĽ뵽Ʒ֮С
ӡǣ
Ѱӡǣ
ԭҶ컹Ϊһӡ൱Ѱҵû뵽ȫĲѴ֮
Ʒ֮ϣһɫӡǣͬǹһ㣬ֵȼţÿһεȼնԼ׳֣ǲһǿ
һöӡǣǿȥȴ·һ㣬ϣһĲƴ
ҫʥϵݻĿֲѹѾʼҪɢȥˡ
䡱
Ҷͼȥ̽һӡǵʱ򣬶ԷԵҲоҶĴڣʱһŭ𴫳֮дŷŭ޷ڸǵķŭͬԼһ㣬ǿֲŭȼգƺһȣΧѸٵĴ˳
Ʒıһ޴Ӱͷų
һҶû˵ԣϡʥŭޱߣ
ҶȴԵ壺
΢ϣΰĴڣ
ӿʱҶΧĻһĸı䣬Ļ磬򣬶Ҷǰתֲ˲˼£·֮䣬һжڿʼޱ䡣
£ߣⲻ֪ںη飬Ҳͼ֮ΪΰֻǶڱ˵ϣ㱰΢ֶȥƿرˣȥƻˣҲ˵㣿
ҶЦź
ɣ
üһʱҶüĿʼͷųԼ
һ̣ʥӤҲ֪ԼʹʱҶ˵ûа취һӡǣҶ챾ҲܵĪ𺦣
ʥӤȥˡ
䣡
֮ıǣѸٵĻһһ㣬ԭڻ֮УҪ˲񷣬棬بš
䡭
һֻ֣ӻ֮д漴Ĵ޾Ļ磬һֻ⼣߰ߣ·һµһ㡣
һֻһ֣һֹϵϢȴĳֶ˲˳
䡭
֮ںͶԷ
һҡΣﶼڷڣޱߵӿγ˷籩˺ؼһС


1864 
ÿµļһҲ²ĹȻûдһصĺ˵޷ӳȫ˵һ£ҿԸһѹԷ˵ܹӳеʱ־
ҶԼжϣҲԼֵļʱţһٸһʱĻ˵ãһǿԻ۸ʱԼҪնɱԷǾͺ鷳ˡ
ϣȻĲܹﵽ̶ȣ²ССĴԪԳֵӦҲ֮㣬;֪ңҲһжĽĻĽֻ
ٴεĳ֣Ժǹϣ·ڸһ㣬һһжſµϢǿĺܣҶȴԷÿһֵ˼
ˣҶûǰȻĻԼ
ƷڣҲͼú㣿㣬û˿ʲôˣĽҲѾˣĽֱǱѹûеڶֿܣ
ҶҪѹסһԽĸоˣһӡǵıһһµĴһԼԷһӡǣ֪ܶ飬ЩԼ˵Īͺô
ˣû˿Ծȵ㣬ҲѾ²⵽ˣҵ޷ӳµĳ̶ȣȴСңȫĲ֪ҵǿΪˣĽѾ޷ˡ
ɴݳƻϢص
ƣ
Ҷ﷢һ˻˲񷣬һתޱߵľˣʱһﾹȻͼƻԼ
𣡡
ŭݳ޾ҫâޣصļһƺѾҶʧȥԣ˴նɱҶ죺
޷ΪҵūȴҲҪ
ӿУԷһһУĪ̲һǿİ·ǿԽ񷶼
¡¡
𵴣ǻ֮Уһâ֡
һâ·سʱڵĵһʥ⣬׷£ԲصʥٶȺܿ죬ٶǿ˼£˲Ҷǰ
Ԫۣ֮
Ҷĺ֮Ѿԭĳ̶ȣԭȻǿʮʩչԪ֮۱ԭҪǿ
͡
һµĹĿޱȣ·һڵԨħһ㣬͵㹻˵Ķʼ
նɱ
ĺȵ
һŭʱĽΧ谭ƿˡ
䣡
âײһ𣬲ĿֲԲһжһѵһĹѻޡ
ǺεȵǶôµ֮ĳֿ˹
Ҫ˵ֻһӡǣıΣѹ㣡
Ҷ磬ǵϢ·һ㻯ʵ
䡭
ű׵Ĵˣţħ͵ĳ˷֮УҶӡ֮ĽȻȥϢǱţħע⣬뵽˷һ˲䣬ţħ˫ĿʱɵùԲǣ
µĲǿĲʱڲ־Щںһţħоޱȵļ֡
һһĴԪĿֲǿߣ
ţħ֮дһĨɫؿ˵
Ҷڵճ̶ȣ꽻棬ȫĿԳƵˡ
ֶΣڻȡޱȣһŪýԼһʲôԪǿߣȻ˵Ŀֲ
ţħļʶʹ㹻֧һۿҶаԵ˼ţ޷֣ﲻҶ졣
ĽΪգţħóȻĳ֣ܻܿ𽻷ߵҺͷʱ򷴵Ūɳ׾

ҰĺţƺǶҲʾǡ
־ַСĸԪ򣬵ڸ־ܰɣ
һ貵Ĺ⻪֣һֻ޴ƣƿٵһ㣬һʥĺۼǿĿЩӡ֮ʹһʷʫİ
ǿĲ߶Χޱȵı
һȻٴεǿ𣿡
Ҷ૵
оĳһѾǴǿеƿԼĹˣһƿԼƱػΪ⣬ʱԷҪ൱ɵġ
ǧǧۣ
Ҷĺ
¡¡
һ޴ķ໺سˡ
һ棬ǧǧĿ۾˸ʥĹâһֻ۾ɺޱȣ貵Ĺâ·֮Ϊҫ۵ǳһ㣬¶ǿƥ
һǧֱֻۣÿһֻķ˸Щµĺܣͬӡؼһ¡
ҶΪǿ֮һ
ʥĽɫâһϴݳһɫ棬ϵ˸֮޲ѹȥ
ȣ
ǿİ漴ʩչҫʷʫĸ̣֮ԴԴϵĿʼ߷
䣡
ǧǧ۷ࡢȵ໥Ϻݺݵسһֻ޴ƿʼײ˹ȥ
¡¡
һֻ޴͵һȻҶİȺǧǧĵֿ˹ȥ
ž֮ﲻĴݳǾ˵ɽķ޵֮УһƬǽ֮С
Сӣˣ
ǹϵٴεĳ֡
һֻƳˣһֻƳֳɫֵ൱ͻأͷ·һ㣬˲ĳҶǰ
ã
ҶʧĽе
ҰɣΪҵūӦ飬ֻгңܹõɾͲ࣡
ž
һֺֻݺݵذҶԴ棬һķѸٵ͸һֻֿʼ뵽Ҷü֮С
䡱
˲ΧĻ糹׵ƿˣֻһƵҶǰԷݻ磬ȫԷգӴƥȴΪ֮಻ѣԷҫɢϵĴ߶뵽Ҷüģͼȥռֲİȡ
ҲΪȡҶ꣬ռҶ
ǺεȵȻѰǿͿֲʸʹãޱȣŰԵϢȻı
СӣѾʧˣֿɣȫΪҵūܹ΢Ĵȥ꽫Ϊҵһ֣ĺͲںһҫ֮ͣУʮ׶һеһУƺǶ˿ʼ÷

ҶĺſɲϢ

һĴڵķŭŭһһķĳ׵뵽Ҷü֮УǾ޴ҲʼתҶ֮ڣͼȥռҶһС
ߺߡڵʱ𣿡
Ҷԭŭɫ˲ıһĨЦӣ׵֮š


1865 նɱΰĴڣ
䡱
һƬĻ谵һϵŻͬǹ°֮ϡ
Ż˸ĿֲϢ㹻ѹ˺һС
׵֮ţ
Ҷ첻ϵȥϵȥںϣʱ׵֮ѾҶȫƿ֮ϵıŷȻʮĵزҶʩչԭҲǿޱȡ
ʲô
׵֮һ֣ǿֲġʥġаϢںһ̬ʱһصļһ￪ʼˡ
𣡡
ŵڵĵͷȮĺŻ֮дݳ
ʥĽǿģаĽᱻѹһе潫᳹׵
ٴεĳ֣ϵԣһֲֿ䣬µĲҶһĲ

׵֮ŻشˣһѸٵĳֲ֣ǷסΪϵԨ֮еĴڡ
̫֮ϵӿȥһϢΪϵب֮ÿһޱȵǿͿֲ׵֮ŵµĺܣҶƿ׵֮ţҲ޷ȥڹͳ׵֮ŵȫ

ִÿһ·һ㣬ִҴķĺͼ˸
͡
𡭡
ڵʼˣŵͷȮһŭֻ֮ǵͷȮһĵ֮ıҲ쵽Ҷü֮УֻһɢŰɫʥâľ޴Ӱǿе˳
ģаΪʲôʥĲʲôŻ㵽˭
֮Уʱ¶һĨͲϢ
һССӡǣҲͼѹңշΣ
Ҷ֮УޱȱĲ·Ҫһе谭סһ㡣
Сӣ㾹Ȼ־ҽ֮ΨһҴŵ޾ǿ㾹Ȼͼԣڸһᣬ̵ʧҽᵱڣʹգ㻹Ҫ˵ĵ죬Ľֽȫ
ٴεĴһȴҲֻǿ֮ȫûһ˿ԼѹĿԡ
ϣ
֡
𡭡
һ̰ĺݳ
ʥΪģɵɱһһжߣ
Ԩеħĺ
ֻһֻֻͭɫֱۿʼЩֱ۵˶һϵħǿ󣬶ҹŰ壬ʥޱȵϵЩʥۼģȻʥ֮ӵʹ
ǡԨħϢܣ޿յħħѪ
ĺе
𡭡
ͷȮֻԴϵĿ𣬷̰ʱĵͷȮѾ׷׵Ŀʼŭǿ˲˳鲼ΰڵ֮ϡ
ҵ޾ҫ壬а˱ܣ
ʥĴǿ߶ʱ˷ŭĺʼˡ
¡¡
޴ݳһ棬Ĺ⻷ƣҶļԪ֮ۿϴĿĹ⻷ΪϵľѧÿһſѲĲ
ǳ壬ʥ塣
̡
޴Ļ֮ȻЩħֱ۷ȼհ
ߣһһµļһڷɣ
ҶЦ˵
ϡ
ٴν׵֮ŵƿչ

ͷȮŭٱ岻ϵֻԴҧסһΰĴڡ

ĲҽݳһȻֻһһӡǣȴҲһмӳֲ֣ƻ޴ƻ൱ǿҵĳʹࡣ
㵽ʲôˣͷȮǵΪʲôҿԸоԨΪаΪаԴȪ֮أԣȻ̫֮ĲһεǿŻǱʩչ㹻ģ㲻ӵһŻΪʲôΪʲôʩչ
ޱȵĽе
ʱî˾ԨħٴչٵֱۣǿԨ֮ıƣΰĴڸûа취
Լ屻ħ͵ͷȮһδε˺ѣȥҪˡ
ҲΰĴڣǲģһ̫žСεҵĶ֣
ԷҶʵ˲ĵŭ
ܹΣ˭Ĵ̫ž˾͸ɲⲻķ
Ҷ켥Ц
䡱
ǧǧѸٵĳ֣ʩչͨȵѹ£һǿַ֮ǼԪ֮͵˸һâ˲ѵΰڵһ˿ֿǿе뵽˶ԷڣһɫıҶӵˡ
СӣҼס㣬ˣһεؽģû˵˵Ķҵģˣȴҵ֣ҽ
һ֮д˷ŭĺ
ûˣ
ǧǧѸٵĳץסһġ
ҡ
䡱
һɫ渲һʱ䣬Ŀռ䶼ɢˡ

Ҷ³һ
Լ˫ĿʱĿռԼʵռ䣬ڵƷѾ׵ѣ˹ȥǿĳѾĳ
ڵ֮һ˿ΰڵԺӿֲҲᱻƻƷ˵ǾĸԴ

Ұ˷ܵĽ
ѾһĳҶչԴ
ԴӱҶιһöҩ֮ҰĽڲٳ׵ʧˡ
ÿµļһһޱǿĴԪ򣬲ǲʵﰡ
ţħεĿЦ
һƷڣǲȥһĻ˵ҲʲôµģڲȥԺӵѡ
Ҷ϶˵
ԼڵһģһᾧһĴڣɫĹâǽɫɫͬǻһ㣬ΧᾧΧȻֻаƴСĽᾧȴɢޱȿֲĲ㲨ֻΰڵһ˿ȴ˿ֲϢҶҲԵľ
ĴԪ֮УԭΪⲻʾΪǿһˣڿˣ
ţħ̾˵
ʣſ£ŭǳѾǶǿˣҶԷֻֿնɱǾ˵Ĵȴ㲻Ϊǿһ࣬ҲҶаԵľ
ֻһ۵ĴԪ򣬵ǹϵĴлǿֲĴ˵˵ԪǼ򵥵ĴڣЩǿĴڽ˵֮УǲϧȥԼһҲ⵽Ϊʲô
Ҷ찵Ե˼ţܿٴνԼעŵһᾧ֮ϡ


1866 µѶϢ
ҪһЩϢˣ
ҶЦ˵
ЩϢҶֻĵԼ뵽жѣӴȴҶΪ֮һ಻ѣ̫ˣ̫ӴˣҶҪȥҲҪһʱġ
Сĵ㣡
ţħĿҶһۣ漴ĵͷ˵
ҶȻ֪Է˼һΰĴڣȻѾˣᾧ֮ǶԷļ䣬Ӵļͷ·ӡһ㣬ҶҪܻܿᱻͬʱĻǼһļٴεϣܻܿٴεĸԼһꡣ
ţħƷ򣬶漴ĽҶķ䲼һ磬ΪܹԼڵһʱ䷢Ҷ⣬ҲΪ˱ҲΪܹҶһ㹻ĿռȥԷļ䡣

ȴţħ뿪֮Ҷһ漴ķȵ
ʥӤָϵĴһӡǣЩӡǣÿһޱȵĿֲԴӺΰĴڽ֮ʥӤҲõһβСɱ䣬ڡҲһµĲϡ
䡱
֮ͬһֻ̰һ㣬ѸٵĿʼһУĽᾧȥ
¡¡
оҶͼʧȥԼԭ˵ƿأᾧѡ˱
ֲĽɫĿʼȼ

Ҷ꾹Ȼɫ֮Уû˿İ취ͷ·һ̵ֻĴһ㣬֪ε¿ڡ
ģ
Ҷһơ
͡
ڴʱҶİһʥӤоȻٴεĻһһ൱أޱȵĹ죬ȫĲҶʶʥӤԭ֮һִ˼µû˿ʣǿĺܡ

Ҷ΢΢һ
ȻֻʥӤȻ֮мԦ֮ʼˡ
֮һǹᾧ̴ȥ
ǹ棬һĲ
͡
Ҷ쾪㵵֮У֮ҪԱᾧʱȻ֮ǰ˲ıˡ
ôͣ
Ҷѵõ¶˾㵵ɫ
ҶȻŲ٣Ƕ֮εʹãҶ쵽ΪֹûһķʽɣѷɫԼ֮Եøز١
̡
һöᾧ֮˲ĴΣһѶϢҲѸٵĿʼӿ
ˣ㽫
ϵԻسˣ֮дһĨŭȻΰһ˿ʶԷļ֮дһ˿ͨ䱻ƣԷһ˿ϵҲ֮ɢˡ
𣿡
Ҷһ˿⡣
ԴӺͶԷӲ֮һоѾ޷ڸˡ
Ȼ˵Ļ񰡣
Цһ£Ҷ콫Լעʼŵǰļ֮С
Щ䣬ϡɬҴһ˿˿Ŀ񱩲
ˢ
ʥӤ͵һָӲĳץȥ
¡¡
ռƺֵһץѸٵĿʼĹѺۼ޲ǿʼ˸һʵ廯²񷣬մ£ѸٵΧЩ䡣
𡭡
񱩵ĺ˲ģʥӤѾںЩ䡣
ߡ
Щ뵽Լ֮Ҷ̲סĿʼ˿񱩵ļ䣬ֱЩֲ
Щ·ǻһ㣬֮󣬾Ȼʼѡ˱ɢЩȻڿʼʱҶѾ²⵽ˣǵĳ֮Ҷ컹ǵ͹˶Էһֿ񱩵

ǿеİסе𾪣Ҷѡǿ
һֲļ俪ʼҶԺ֮С
Щ䣬ÿһǾ캧ء
õЩҶҲ𽥵Ŀʼˡ
һһȻһߵȵĴԪǱֲֲκεһԪҪֲԷһףһµ׼
ҶЩϢ̫ˣҿ޷򣬶ԷƺڼɵʲôҲƺĳԼһֵļ䲢ȴԿ϶һ㣬Ҷ΢İĻҶڵʵ˵Ըһһϵ
ȵȣЩʲô
ҶͻȻĿһЩ䣬ЩƽڶԷļ֮ǱȽƽģǵҶ쿴Щ֮ȴ𽥵ı档
࣬ĴڣЩĲ֮࣬ϵǿڣ֮ϻŸǿЩؼףʥˡ
Щ֮Ҷз·Ǳ绮һ㣬ڵ˺ܶ顣
̫ʮѪԭҳ
ҶȻĽ뵽Ű˲ͼ֮Уĺ
ˢ
ݵ˷һӴϢҲʼӿ̫ʮѪΪ׵ǿسҶǰ
Ȼ²⵽ˡ
ԭĿҶ죬ؿ˵
ЩҪԸ𣿡
Ҷһǿסе𺳣ؿ˵
ʥˣΪӣʥ˲ΪϡҪԵ𣿡
𣿡
̫ʮѪ֮б
£ʲôµģѾһˣǲʱŸң˵һĪƭôõʱ䣬ΪһλԵɺϵıҷֵǻʲôʱ򣿡
Ҷĺ
̫ˣҪԵǿʵ̫Ŀˡ
йϵĴ˵ҶѾԼĲ²⵽ˣΪʲôôĴǿ߻ϲڵϳ֣Ϊʲôں˵ƣΪʲô𽥵û䣬ЩѾԼ˴𰸡
ʥˣͳֵĴ˵֮ʱһ壬ǿ޴ˣ˳֮Ϊ̹ţĳִ֮ĸһ£ǴʮһģΪ˴ǸֻǹΪ˴ƹǿתͨ˺˻磬ݻ䡭
̫ʮѪؿ˵
ɹ𣿡
Ҷ̲סʵ
˵ǳɹˣ˵ʧˣرµĿ٣̹Ҳʧˣ˭Ҳ֪⵱굽׷ʲô顭
ԭ૵ĵ
ǿ𣿼Ȼ˵Ļһкʲôϵֻһ۵ˣδ磬һƺǺû˿Ĺϵɣ
ҶЩãȻĿǡ
ʵϣ˵йϵҲ˵ûйϵ
Ц˵
֪ΪʲôѾһı飬ҶôһҪ䶾ĳ嶯ء
йϵģĴһ˵ǿ԰⵹
ԭһһ˫Ŀ˿˿âؿ˵


1867 ϵʷ
ʲô˼
Ҷüͷ𣬿һ˺ʵ
̹꣬˻磬ŭֹ֮սǵսΣûֻ֪֪̹ʧ٣ػǱ˳վıˡ
̫ʮѪ֮¶һĨľ֮ɫȻһս¡
꣬ڻ֮еֻ̹һҲ֮һֻҵʱޱȵСǧħڣ̹ȴǿһѣû˻ػһʱǧħܹȥҲֻаڡ֮ʵǿΪһ㣬˵ѡ̣ǵĴȴǱע⵽ˣѾޱȵݣ̹ŵ·ԼʣµİħնɱɾǻԵɺ֮£ҿҲһιϵʷǳ֮Ϊʵϣһ񻰰ˡ
ҶĬĬЩϢϵıû˿ı仯
ڵħܹȥĲ࣬ħԼĸǾǶΪȥһֵħʼѡЧ˵ǵЩϵ֣ͨ졢ԭʼӡŮ洡ˡ̫һ
ʷı𣿡
Ҷ૵ĵ
Щ֣޲Ҷļ֮УЩȴǱĵġ
ףںˮ񹲹սײ˲ɽŮˣŮ洲죬˴ͨũٲݡЩҶļ֮УЩƺǺ̫ʮѪ˵Ĳһ
ʷıˣǵģȫĸıˣЩΪϵĴ֮⣬˭Ҳûа취֪һʷ߹ܵ˺޲ȥʱƣħ֮Ҳˣͨ죬Ů洡ǲĳΪӣسΪӡ
ôˣ
Ҷ֮дһĨȣһαдʷЩš
ҵʦͨ죡
ԭ͵Ŀ˵
ʲô
Ҷһܿ뵽˽õϢƺһҲûֵþȵˡ
ĴأһƬŮϵͨ˹ͨصĹͨû뵽һεĴͨȻؼ֮໥ںһʹ˳֣Ů洵ˣΪԶΪĹգֻû뵽ľѪȻǿҲħĿӡ
Ҷ΢΢һνħҲʼһ˿
Ȼأ
ԭҶٴο˵
ҵʦȻҲħ񣬵ȴԼĸŮ洵ĹϵϺã˵һֱڰŮػ壬Ӻԭʼȴ룬Ҫͻľ磬ҪĳɳǿʼԭʼŮЩħľ棬ʼӶľѪսʹ˳ˡ
֮أħ񣬽׼ᣬҲǶ໢񣬵ȻǵҰĸҪеƿУ˵ȦѡνĶȻʵϱΪ˽ԷƿһųڷƱ
Ȼûа취֪⵱ʱΣ뵽Լͬ徹ȻʳôĳڷƱʱҶɫѾ൱ѿ
ͨ졢Ů洡ˡħȻʵǿ󣬹Ϊ֮е۷ǿߣΪʥݣ׼ᡢҲǲӺԭʼǹΪʥˣĴʥ˳ϣҵʦŮ֮ȫǶԷĶ֡
һսȫһ浹սɽʯѣػ谵ҵʦĴ񽣴ȥûа취ıһУһսڵ˺ע⣬ˣ֣ûֹԭʼǣѹҵʦͨ죡
˵ʱԭѾֳ˿˿֮ɫһ޷ڸǵ֮ɫصĺ⣬޷ڸǵĺ⣡
ĳ֣ҵʦôң
ͨһܶӵθڣֻȴ̫Ĺ°ˣʥ˼޳׵ķӡΪͨԼɱﵣˣȴѡ˾ɱͨĵնɱ˸ɾĹҲ˵ıնɱˣ塭
˵֮ǿɫЩѿ
Ȼ˵ĻΪʲôԴڵڣһεսͨʧˣƺҲ˰ɣ
ҶȻ֪ʥ˼ħ񵽵ʲôθڣҲĳǾ൱ֲͿµġ
໹ţĴԪ֮жţȻе㲻̫
˭˵ûгֹ⣿
̫ʮѪһ˿Цؿ˵
ʲô˼
Ҷһ㶣漴ʵ
֮ΪŮʥ䴴壬Ϊؼ֮໥Ľ֮ģֻҪǻǾͻԴԴϵĴʷϣȴԲ˿ʥǵЩĵֶΣӦ˵ѣĩյۣ
Ҷģˣ
ǵģѣĩյۣҶţЩҲֻǵһֹۣû˻ģҶȴһ˿ˡ
Ľ׼ᣬͳһΪģһδεȦ࣬ȥĩյӡʷϣҲˣſһδεĳɳٴεı׸
ž
Ҷķ˿˿ı
һеĳ֣Ҷ쳹׵ķŭˡ
ޱȵķŭ
࣬ȻǱȦǹΪ۷壬ȻȦࣿʥ˲Ϊϣ
һֱû˵ĺèؿ˵⻰֮дһ˿˿ᣬѪĲ
һУʲôϵ
ҶڵĽԼе
ȷʵżֹϵѪǹϣӱӡѪ֮УһδεıȴûκεһܹɹĽͷų
̫ʮѪ̲ס˵
֮൱ơ
ѪҵѪҶ΢΢һ㶣ԼԽ½֮УеѪƺѾ滻ˣȻ껹ûиı䣬ıĻѪҲ仯ġ
ѪȻԽ֮ı䣬ΪѪǻͿԸıģĻҲҼ
̫ʮѪؿ˵
Ѫڵ㣬ܹ֪Ļһ֪һ֣֮Ҫɳνƻ衢͡ȵȴţһνѵĿʼѵĳ֣ʱĻƣҲˣǿٵĳɳĻཫٴεʧȻһΪȦĶµķչ
̫ʮѪ˵
һ֮޷ǶԿģ
ҶεĿЦ
ǵģҪҵҵʦӦʥ˼ȫ⣬ܶǿߵĴڣֻҪ㽫ȳһлϣġ
ԭ˵
һģ
࣬ǸǱɱ¾ǱȦЩҶܹܵģ˵Ѿ¶˾ģһҪ淴ⲻ硭


1868 ˵Ϣ
Ȼ
һεĹͨҶǶǰһ˽ˣһ˽⣬Ҳ׵һʹ
֮࣬飬ȻʳȦ֮Уֶûбı䣬ԪʼӡǹΪʥˣȻ֮£
뵽Щ֮Ҷ£еʥˣѾһĪ˵֮£ҲʶԼĲ㡣
ԼҪȥԸǿߣÿһλǿƥ۷֮еǿߡ
֮ϣ༶ĴڣҪȥڣֻпȥˣܹӴʥ˼ĳ̶ȣҽ뵽ʥ˼ӲſʸͶԷսͶԷа壬Ҫʥ˸ӵǿͨʥ˵ʵεֲ֮ȴɱһȺ޳֮ͽǿеķӡ˵֮еʥҲ޵еģҪɳϵسɳ
ʱҶѾԽᵽһǿҵΣС
ΪΣеĴڣʼҶаԵĽ
Լˣ࣬ΣǶԼļߣҲܶ˭Ҳܹȥǵ
Ҷ컹Ǻеĺܶ飬̫ʮѪǻûиԼֻʱϵѡ
һеδ֪ٴεĳҵǰġ
΢΢ԼȭͷҶ컺ؿ˵
û뵽һΣС֪顣
Ű˲ͼ֮У̫ʮѪЦ˵
֪Ҳδһ£ҪʼˣѽԤʾ鶼Ҫٴεһδʱ֪ĻǿԸСһξӡ
ԭ˵
ֻǲ֪ǸһǲĻڰڵĻһεսδûаա
èĸ̾
ҵǿҼѣǼӡڻڣƵĻǿٴεĳǲٵİģǲǹ¶սġ
ؿ˵
Ҳмѣֻǲ֪ȺϼһǷ񻹴š
ǿš
һУҶȻǲ֪ģڵӵһ绰
ң
绰ǸģʱҶѾڴص飬ͽǰõһˡ
Ҷ٣ҵˣˣѾҵҪҵˣ
䡭
Ҷкݺݵʼʪ΢΢Ĳ˵Դ·һ㣬޷ŵٴ˵
ղ˵ʲô
ٴεظ
Ǵ̽ˣѾҵˣ
ڵҶĿʼƽ
Ǻܿȴٴοڣ
ܺã㽫Լ̽ϢȫϾͻȥ
Ҷ켤൱ļʱ֮У˼֮⻹һֵ˸кĪĴ
Լڱ̽ˣϢò˵Ҷһλعһ׵ͻΪҪԼ֪ϻԼˣǶܺá
Ҫǣ
Ҷ΢΢һ뷨Ѿ޷Ƶӿ
ѪˮҶ첻ϵͻǿȥȴ飬ǻ֮УϾԼ˵ģһ˭޷ȥıġ
ˣĸҪȥһ𣿡
ҶķĲţ˲ıޱȼ޷ƿص޷ȥıεģԷԼҶȴҪԼˡ
һμĻ˵ýΪ㣬һԼص֮Լ޷֤
˰
вĿʼ˵
ȵڻûѹѾûд󰭣ҶѾȲˣڷԸۼ֮󣬱㽫һ뵽˳ȵУĴţħƷ뿪
ˣҵˡ
˷Ҷޱȼ˲̤գǲϧȥʩչͨһһֿµٶʩչ߲ʼ񱩵ǰ
ԼСʱʱѣҶѾ˲ǰ֮С
Ҷ٣
͵Ⱥĸæ
𣿡
Ҷ컺ؿ˵
Ȼȥƽȣǲȴ׵ı¶˳
Ѿˡ
æĵ˵ͷ
¶һĨɫҶ죬ļ֮УȻҶӴʱ䲻ÿһεĽӴԸоĳҶһκ鶼¶˿ˣڣʱȴ൱һȵӡ

Ҷһ䷿䣬һϾС
޷ڸǵĸ˲ҶС
ž
΢΢ĲԼ˫֣Ҷ컺סһϡ
ЩֻʮŶѣǾʮֽţҶ˵ȴĪ壬κεûа취ǰЩֽŶԱȡ
ž
ĵȼһ֧̣Ҷ컺ؽԼʼƽ
ż֮ؽϴ򿪡
ҶУSʡZѰҶŵܲã³ѰҶȫǰһй˾伯ŵʽۺҵڶ࣬ʲعһǧԪҶʮ꣬λȨأҵڶ࣬ҶҲ⻪֮еĴ󻧡ᣬҶӣʮꡭ
ҶѩҶŮΨһͳ̳ˣʮ꣬Ըá
һϺϸеݽҶҵһϢ¼ҶҵһЩйĦ˶¼
Ҷ
Ҷ쿴еһƬ˵ƬһŮЦĺǿģԷȥϣֵ׳ʱڣߣŮ֮еһλһˣһλһȥ൱ഺŮ
Ҷ˫ĿݺݵصĶҶƬϸϸĿȥĻĿҶģҴһŵʣںһƺǺҶ֮һֹơ
൱ƣ
𣿡
Ҷ૵
Ҷ١
վҶҶָʾ
ҶһежԵסҪˡҶ˵
ǡ
ص˵ͷȻҶһָʾΪ֣ȴ֪ʲôʣʲô鲻ȥʡ
Уڲǰˣ
Ҷٴε뵽˲ǰϣǰǿɶڻ˵һ¡
Ҷ٣ǵѾһĽ뵽֮УΪṩҩǵĽνһǧһ֮УŽӽǧ˴ﵽ˴ʦĵزˣǿߣϲࡣ
һ֮ɫĿҶ졣
һеĵ߶ǰȥӡ
ܺãŬɣǵԽĻὫԽ󡭡һ仰ҶС¾ûа취


1869 ˣ
Ҷ٣³ǣΪZеһˣ֮ԼֻаСʱ·̣ǿϢһ¡
󣬼ʻһɫĻγҶ˵
Ҷ΢΢ĵ˵ͷУипǧʵϣǰʱҶоסһʱ䡣
³ǣҶеʹ֮ء
Ҷһ۵СûǮûȨһӶûУڵĻ˵ǾһČ˿
ʱȥôˣû뵽ҾȻٴεĻˡ
Ҷл˵
ƺΪĽἴ⿪ԵʣҲΪԼѾԼԶˣȻʱ̣ܶҶϵϢȴԵøӵԲˡ
ϢԲһ壬̫һԲޣһ͵Ϣ
³ǵ𣿡
Ҷ컺ؿʵ
ͳһ̣һĸѸٵİҶȼ˵
ǵģǲǰٶѾ˺ܶ˵ע⣬ǵλʷ൱µһЩһİɶʼǲǰ࿴ˣ³֮Уڻϴ󲿷ֵĵƿˣǵ𲽵ڶ̶̵ʱУ֮УѾǵĺܶҵˡ
С˵
³ǣȻֻһԲ̫ĳУȴҲһڿٷչĳУڷչڵʱи㶨ɽǴķչ൱ĺôġ
ȷʵܺá
Ҷĵ˵ͷ
һγһ۸񲻷Ƶĸ߼ZHGZHGһ³ȻӵİµϡѩȽγϺȴڷĳɳţ۸ǲƣΪһZHGģÿһļ۸һǧĵزܶ˾Ҫȥ൱ѵġ
һݺ͵λ˲ϳ⳵·ǣ׷׵ĿһZHGڳ
еĳţҶ˫Ŀȴ·עţԺвʱ˸˿˿ƬΣƬ֮УϲáۣҲʹ࣬ЩǼ䣬ֻǼ䣬ҶԺ֮УڵҶ˵Щ䶼Ϊƺ͹˿񲨶
һ˿ûС
ɭ¡ã
Ҷ͵ע⵽һ
һߴʮףλô³ǵһ߼ضΣܹｨһãȻõֶκͲǾޱȵġ
һԭһλ̵ģȴˣҶȥ𣿡
ƺǲҶעʼŵɭ¡棬漴Сʵ
ȥɡ
Ҷĸ̾
ʮӶʮҶҪȥһãǼֱ룬Ͼɭ¡õѿǲ͵ģʲûиϰ򣬾ǽȥˣҲǳԸŸ൱ĸߣϴ󲿷ֶǸߵεȺѣһ·ûиǧԪǾòġ
ҶһˣȻƷţħߵӿȥΪҶ͸ߣϵȴʵĲҶ죬Ȼò㲻㣬һĳеټһ˿˿аϢ㹻ԵΪڡ
ž
뵽ɭ¡֮ڲʩҶҲ̲סһ
ʩ൱ĳɫҲŶ֮¥ϵƣõĶǵΪɫƣ㹻ù˿ڽ뵽֮󣬿һĿȻȻȥѡԵѡ
Ĳ
Ҷص˵ͷ
ȷʵһ⡣
ҶˣҲΪǰڵʽ൱ĵλҶṩһֵĵͼҩҩѾȫλɣǲǰʽ˵һشͻˡ
˵ԣڰϵľӪȴžԵĶ֮հԶޱȵ

Ҷĵ˵ͷ
λҪʲô
һλò׵ӪҵԱ߹Ҷһʵ
ҶĿ˿֮Ц˵
ȿ
ϾҪȥһԼ˫׵ģڵһҶǲȥˣţħƷһһĴǸȥıŤ
㿴һʺʲô·
ҶָţħƷ˵
ǳ಻׵ӪҵԱһ㶣ţħҲˣĿһЩȻţħ˵ȴȻһɱ֮ĵҲżӮ֮Ʒȴһˣһʵģȫһֱ֮ΪĴʡ
ٺٺ٣С椣ǵøƷүúõĿʲô·ܹϱүġ
ƷѾʮǰӪҵԱòһɫе۾ʱŶԷ˹ȥ

ӪҵԱȻǵһʱЩãȻ
顭
ҶûĽѾߵһߣ漴ĶӪҵԱЦ˵
㿴ôô䡣
õģһλԵĿ࣬ʺԽһЩϱĻԵøͦΣһλݣ˵һװһװԵøӵͦΣȽϵʺ
ӪҵԱָװ˵
ڻ·ƷûʲôţħȴΪĺ棬һ˼ֹ֮ͣ
װá
ӪҵԱ˵
Ҷ죿
ǵȴʱһϤİҶĶߣ֮дһ˿˿ľȣһ˿С
֮Ҷ΢΢һ𣬵Ǻܿȴת塣
ˣһһŮŲףȥмּҵףŮӣȻ㲻ޣȴҲܲףĸĺܡ
ŮˣҶвɵӿһζεļ䡣

ǰʱҶ׷һŮӣƾ粻ֶ֮ΣҶڵĽԼĿеŮ׷ˡ
Ļ߲׷ߺ;ߣ˾ǱҶ׷ˣȴҲžںҶа塣
ƶް°ʱҶûǮûȨȻʼʱߵΪۣǺܿƽԴ𽥵Ĳ
ڵһżȻĻ£Ҷ쿴һİһ𣬶ǰȥҵײꡣ
ʹģڵҶ˵ȴû̫ĲˣʵԼҶ콫ǰŮ˿ʼȴ˲٣еһݼҶ춼ҪǰŮȴˡ
㰡þûˡ
ϴһĨ޷ڸǵľϲ֮ɫ˵
һĨϲڸǵĺԲ
ΪʱգʱЩԣԶĻҶҲû⣬ֻ΢΢ĵ˵ͷ
ǰþûˡ
Ҷ죬û뵽㾹ȻĵطЩĲ
ƺǶ̬Ϊĳζ漴ĶҶ˵
ҶڵͿȥʮµ̬һ׵ȴ㹻˺ӵͣԷԴ̵ĻȴҲҶ΢΢üͷ


1870 
㰡㣡
ǰ㣬ҶѾû˿ĸоˣϾڵݺ͵λ޷ϲ˿Ĳ
ߡ
Ҷ̬ȴ൱ĲȻҶûпԼҪЧʱĺ֮Ҷ¶һĨмЦݣ
Ҷ죬ﲻĵطҪ֪ѿǲͰǶʱĲôûи㣬ȷѡ񰡡
ԹĳѾǵˡ
˱˵Ůˣڻ˵ĳڴ㣬Ҷ컹һε
һ˺ء
㣡
ϴһ˿ΣȻû뵽һ飬ԭҶżֿǷУٴε㻰ȻЩ
У㿴ҶڵһװֱǸŰĲզأҶҿӰɣҿһҹ˾㲻ɣĲ˵һǧǿԸ㡭
ੲݵ˵ҶǰЦ
ҲΪ˸мŮøҰŮ˵ģǲǡ
λˣҪѾװˣˢأֽ𣿡
ʱӪҵԱѾװõ˹Ҳ˿ĵЦݣ·һʮԪ·õķֳҲкüǧĸϵһµĹˣȻǿĵĺˡ
Ҷ٣ɣ
һԵĸڿ˶ԷҶӣͲըˣʱ͵վ˵
ȥˢɣ
˵ѾͳһŻ˵
ǡ
ԭҪ˵͵ɫһ䣬ڿһʱ඼ںݺݵز
߼ʯģģҶôʶѣҶ٣һҶΪҶ٣
޷ţȫ޷ţһҲһ֮ɫĿһеķ·һжξһ
һŮˣûҲȥһͼΪеһԱ
ʯɭ¡ߵȼĿƬ⿨Ƭһţֱɭ¡õɶҶ쾹Ȼʶ⻹˹̬ȣ
ףҸ
ҶĿһЦĴһ˻뿪
찡뵽˭ˣɭ¡εܲð
һǸӪҵԱ͵뵽ʲôƵģҶıӰ̲סĽһɫ˲ı仯൱ѿ
㣬֪ԼһҪùˣҶ췢ˣұҪţǧ򱶣ԼԼĹ˾ҲҪŵùˡ
һУҶȴ⣬˵˵ļѾ׵ĴҶԺ֮бøʧ
ZУ
һչѸ͵ĳУеֵƶԣZҲǲҵۺǿĵ֮£ϹߵķչܿıΪ˶ĳС
Ҷ١ZпһȻٹ̵ĸǲǰҪеĵƿػҪһʱſԡ
ʻһĽγҶ쿪ڽš
ʱǰʵڷž޴ı仯ֱ仯֮Ϊ̥ҲǲΪģÿεϣžԵʴٶȿν൱ײеġ
ĺܺã
Ҷĵ˵ͷ϶˵
ԼĲǰΪҩϵԵʣʱѾ̥ˣ˵ЩССĺڰԿ޷ȡĳɹǸҲûдڵļֵˡ
ҶȻʲôˣǾԵĲ˵ģԼűҶС
ǵZ֮УʱѾˣ˵ĵռɶٹ£ZеĵƿȨǵˡ
˵ʵϣȷʵʱȥ˵ϾڵԼĲǰžԵƿȨһߵڣǰÿһҪԱʵ൱˽ġ
ܺãҷԸĻҪεؼסˣȻҲǺڰȴԵĲܹڶƷĽףŮ˵ĽףȻ˵ҪɱҲҪסˣԸģȷʵҪһУĻԵĲܹմȾ
ƶĶҶֹĶҶҲҪ׵ĽֹǲܵģֻܹȥǿеĽһ֣ǾǶƷⶾƷĽףҶǷһԵһ
ǵģҶ٣ǵİ֮󲿷ֵȻǵµĽףǻƶĶǺٵģǶƷĽףһûУ龭һδεؾ֮Ͷžˡ
Ҷĵ˵ͷ
漴ļһѧУǰֹͣ˳ӡ
Ҷ˫Ŀ΢΢ʱѾʮʮˣǷѧʱˣҶѩʮ꣬ڵѧУҲһ߼ѧУ
ڳţħƷ˵ĳŴ飬ʱеҪ
ţħͺģƷˣڽְ̻λĵλѾιˣû˻ȥȻʷΪһν̻ʣǲò˵һȴ֮͢Ϊǿġ
ǿǸ˵Ȼһϵⱻٵ˷ɵȴҲûٵ谭
ŮţûмҺò׵ȥһٸԣŮȻÿһǹɫ㣬ǰ׻Ĵȣ޳ĺܣΪŮԻǵһŶǼѩĺܡ
Ʒ򲻶ϵĴ̼ţħ
һڵʵ൱Ŀ£Դӽΰڵһӡ֮ƷȻıֻת۵ʱ㱩ǵ˴첻𾳵۷ز
ǱҪײеٶȡ
Ҷȴ֪һ֮Ի˵ǿȫΪԭΰڼӳ֣ȻΰĴڱӳȴҲһ̶ܵĳƣƱˣԼͻΪΰĴڣ˵һΪմȾǿӡǵһ˿ʱ˼֮оһŵϵۡ
ԴԴϵ֮ϵɢţȡˣÿһ̻ʵǿеİռܹǿȫǲѧġ

ţħûĿѾһۡ
´ҴȥٸԿһ£ǿȣԵĿһҹŮĵز
ƷһĶţħЦ
ʱͬļһ໥Ľһ𣬲ʱķøëȻЦ
ʱһһĹȥˣҶ￴ţУſڣû˿ı仯
Ҷ٣Դػ֮ƺǱóĬ˺ܶడѵ᲻óСѾͷ𣿲԰ȿҶٵģǽһȰҶԸĻĹֶСͶͱġ
ƷĿ˵
ȻСȴǱҶˡ
Ҷû˵ֱӵĴ򿪳ţ˲ĽƷ߷˳ȥ
ˡ
һˡ
ҶҲİǷѧʱҶûʱȥ廳յ漴ĳĳʼ˹ȥ
У𽥵˿ʼ
ҲʱһŵɫŮŶı˳
һ̣ҶݺݵײٴΡ


1871 Ҷ
Сﴩһ˫ɫ˶ЬµĶ̷ĸ米Űʱĺʲô̬һʮĶŮ
ƣô߰ǶҪٵˣòõĺƱɲҪٳٵˡ
ӶֱۣŮһе
ģѪĲҶ˫ĿȻɺޱȣ忪ʼضָоԵûд
һϵһֿµϵ඼ڲ
ǵģָо
Ҷķĺ
˫ĿضǸŮʱһƬĿհףǲ֪ȥЩʲô
ҶپȻϲͰҲ۵Сȷʵ൱ˡ
Ʒ˵
ߡ
ţħûĺһֱӵƽѾԴ˳Ƶİλ棬ƷʵȻǱţħ˵ȴǲ˲ٵģţħħ̥ȥ󵽵ľ˺Ϳֲ
ء
Ʒţκţħȴûиᡣ
һ࣬ǺĿҶı仯ȻԼһ˿²⣬ǻûȷŮģȴݺݵؼУͷ·ӡһĲȥı䡣
ŮܿǶҶ൱ҪˣЩ˶úúõļסˣúõıˡ
ˣˡ
һε˳
ֻһŮڵ˳
ŮһԲȥΪĿɰȻûпʼǸŮɫϵȴҲǲףǰһԱѾʼ൱ˡ
ƣ˵ΪʲôҪĳľأٳԵĻҿҪˡ
ŮεĿѩĽ˵
ľôˣľţ̣൱óԵİ
ΪƵŮȻûзӦ
Ůһ᣺
ٳԾҪţˣ
ҶѩѾͷǷⰡ
ŮʱһϷ֣̬ȻѾǵһˡ
ҶѩȻ㡣
Ҷ˵֮дһĨĽȴû˿ļʣΪҶĻ֮оȻһһͬǸõû˿ʡ
ǵģҶѾԿ϶ˣˣӦþԼããѪϵϵصκһ޷ȥ͸ıġ
Ҷ죬Ҷѩ
һĸ͵ķӦ˹ڵĿʼȻڿʼʱͲ²⵽߿ĳϵǵӦʱȴΪԼ뷨ʼ
ӴСѩǴȥİ
һԴа˳ֻһʮ˾Ӵżģ׳һĽγ˳
ӵӵǲףһ˫а˫ĿȴʱƺҶѩĽѰţʱ˸˿˿̰â
㰡𣿡
Ҷѩ˿ûĿӣм˵
СѩͲܻ𣿱ҵֽԻǻԸ綼а
ԵıΪǴһ˿˿ŭ
Уһ껹ǵˣƽʲô¶ĳļһҲҽԸ磿
Ҷѩ൱ĲƣȻ⽪൱Ĳϲ
Сѩô˵̫ˣԸҴдһʶ˵ǲǴȥӰҲȥһɣ
Ҫһͺˡ
ΪƵĿɰŮҲ˵ı飬ȻһҲһݵġ
ưԸƺûеɣΰ
һͷ·ǹƤҩһĲ֪˶ǺεȵĿֲ
òװˣԸϽ뿪ɣǸʱġ
ҶѩĿŽԡ
һȴ·ϵţ·
ԣ
⽪ԣҶŭǲһ̲סƿ˳ų˹
Լãκ˶޷ȥڸǵģһҶǲȥϣȴҲûа취ΪڵڿԼ鷳ʱĵıŭѾʼ䳹ġ
ҶѩǽһŭǰĽϿȥôʵӦòᱻģһҶѩȴ൱ԷĵƺǶĵһ棬ԷһʮĶܹ뵽Ļ£϶ĳġ
˵ȻĲᱻϲԷҲµʱףиʲʮڵϵ˵ԷֳٴҲıƨɡ
ԴӼҶѩ֮һǹƤҩһǲϵҶѩΪĲϲ
ҶС𣿡
ҶѩŭһεĵӰɵʱһԴͳ˳
Ȼͳİǲ֪ΪʲôҶѩ֮ȴ̲סĶ˲һĪĺøС
תȥֻһŰɫվı
Էģȥʮңȴ൱ĳ죬һ˫ͬϵǳһ㣬Ҵ˵ĹʵںϺͳ£˺ȥԷʵ䡣
ۡ˧簡Ȼ˵Ǻ˧ȴɱһУСѩⲻǿ˰ɣ
һԵ͵˫ĿŹâĶҶѩ˵
֡
ҶѩСһ죬Դ䱸ĿҶʵ
Ҷѩ˭ʲô𣿡
ҶѩļȻ˵ǵ͵ȴ֤û֪ݣʲֵĿֲܶ˶ʱ޿̵Ķͼ̵ôȻǰҶûʲôУһֽ䱸ȴⲻ˵ġ
Сӣô˭ѵûпںͬѧ̸ĲǺܲòģ㲻֪𣿡
ҪסҶѩĽǽһŭҶѩʵϲرĿеģϾҪҸƯŮҲµģǹؼȴҶѩݡ
ҶѩиǮļļ㹻ıԼǿ˵ܹҶѩ㶨ĻǶǽ˵Īġ
Ҷѩ൱ƯȻͲ󣬵ٹǻˮŮˣŮ˸㶨ʱ򲻵Ա˹飬ǻпܼ̳еҶҵļҲҪ֪Ҷңһ˲õļ壬ҶҵҶֻҶѩһŮԺӴʲԵ
û뵽˵ĺúõģȴ䲻ĳһҶ졣
εĲŭ

˷ɿƿ˳
ߵ൱ĲȻƷһʵЩţЩǺ
˭ƺǲҪ̵ͣĸҹ
ҶѩԼĽ䱸Ҷûɵһƣ˫ĿŽȵ
ž
⽪ԱıѸٵ
Сѩ
ʱһӵ˳
ž
һ˿˿ѸٵĴҶ޷ƵĿʼ˳
һطһķһӡ
ģϵıɫȻҶųơ
Ҷû뵽ǾȻˡ


1872 
ͳ͵ֻҶһ˿
ƷţħѾվҶǰ˱ڡ

ǽȻŭ죬ӳѸٵóһҶԴϴ˹ȥ

оԼԴһķҶԭµŭ̲סı˳
顭
һֺֻݺݵץסǰ
飡
һ죬˲ĶϳأҶ˫Ŀ˿˿ɺâһֻѸٵס⽪ԵĲӣ
Ҫңڵܲˬ൱Ĳˬ㶮𣿡
һ˿˿ʼݳ൱Ŀֲ˲һֽĸоҶʲôˣκεһ˶޷ȥģɱ¾һɱǸӵĿ£Ҫ˵һѰˣһǿ߶޷ȥס

ĲҽʱĴ⽪Ե﷢˳һʱ˺ܶˣҶѩơ
⽪´βˡ
ֹ
ֻǿ˽ԱҶץס˲ȴ֪µĽԼֱ˼Ϊʹ顣
Ѿ׵ıһɺ˫Ŀ޾ıŰ֮ͷ·ħһУһöӡӴ֮⽪ԿҲûа취һˣΪѾˡ

棬һɻɫҺ忪ʼ
ڸʲô
ڽһıǳ׵ľˡ
ȵ˽ԵĲ״֮ǲŷӦŭĺѾԼ·УȻͳʲô
˵õĲҪôûǲǰﲻȥġ
վ˵
ݸ߹ޱȣϵʳһȣλߵƣҲǰָͬһһ㣬˲⼸ڱ
ǵ̲סһ£Ҫ֪ZУǰֿ졭
ϰ֡
Ҷѩо£վڲԶҶ̲סĽ
ʱҶ˹ıһбҲʼ䱸ϾҶһôʲô֮
ڵԼŮ
Ҷ塭
һԵҲʼ
ļҲҸҶҲʶģ໥ϤԲİ
ưô£
Ҷ̲סʵ
ҶѩæĽ͹֮̽Ҷ̲ס¶һĨĽ䱸û뵽Ҷһ˾ȻѰҶѩģļòȥ䱸
顭
ⱲǽԿҲǸ׳ˣʲôҩҲ޷İ׳գӵ˵ϣһбѸٵĴŽʧ
Ҷ
ҶҶ컺ЦΧѾɢˣϾֻǿֵģ໥ȴⲻ˵ġ
˭
Ҷ֮дһֽ䱸һбҲʼԼ˹ȥ
ûʲôֻҪһЩѡ
Ҷ쵭˵
һԵţħƷȼ˴飬˿Ĳȥġ
ǰһɣҶĳȴǷطĹĵ⣬˺ǲǰﲻʲôϸ֮ûʲô˵ġ
Ҷ죬Ҷ˿ûµ˵
ȴҲûʲôӿԣȻǰȻֲҶȴǲµģļҵҪͲǰĶǲġ
˵ҺҶô˵ƷһӳȥˣʱȴҶʲôҲվﲻ˵ǻˣȻ˵ķ޷˵ģκѾԼĲ²⵽ĲԾ
Թ壬ҶҲûз֣ȴĺҶϵʺҶϵΪƣȻȫƣ֮ȴƺһص˿ڲƺϵš
𣿽֮ǾͱǸˣǹʱۣ
Ҷ񲻶ϵĲţʱңȫĲҪͶԷ̸һ仰
ˣ˵ˣǰ֮û˿Ĺϸ𣡡
ҶݵȻ䣬һ˫Ŀ֮дŵĺ⣬Ҷһ˽ӽԼŮѾ֮һǿҵĽ䱸ˡ
ȻҶʲôõ̬ȡ
λӸλһϢȻĲһ˿ԱģҶû뵽ҶϾȻ˵ƣһŭȴӵʢ
֪ΪʲôԼ˫ףҶһǿҵһִŵԹ޺ĸ
𣿵֮仹Ҫ̸һ̸ġ
žž
Ҷĳ˿˿ǿеٴΰȥת뿪ڻߵĻǿZжҪҶĿʧ
ϰ֣֪ģҶǲڰ˽ءǸһҸоǶذٺٺ١
Ҷ뿪ıӰҶѩ̲סЦ˵
ǴһҶȴݺݵһ
ɫȻһ
ǻȥ
䡭
Ҷ񱼵һСɽϣķڣѸٵĳŲ񷿪ʼ𶯣ǵǲ񲻶ϵıһδεϵĻӶ
˵嶼ڲţһĹΪԼ񻰵Уǰһһ޷ŵĸо
Ҷ졭ֱһ

ݺݵطйһǵҶ죬ڵĽԼƽ
ǽԵϵһ£εؿԷʲô춯
ǣ
æĵ˵ͷڼʶҶǸӵĲҴˣ֪ԼǶôˣҶôľͲǸˣֱһĴڡ
Լ¾ǸϣҺҶ첻ɱ֮Լľˡ
ˡ
ѰҶţҶ˵
˭
ǰ̨ĿͷҶߵţħƷ̲֮סĽе
ˡ
Ҷ˫Ŀ˿˿ɺ죬ʩչһ˿ŹֵͨͷƷţħٴεĳŵȥ
ҲŲҪء
ܲð칫УҶѩܾĽе
üȻǶ൱Ĳ
СѩҪһοɲԵʱ򣡡
Ҷ̲ס˵
ǰĳһ˿޷ڸǵ𾪣ǰȻ֪ģȻµģǶԼߵ˻Ϊĵĵġ
Ҫȥѧűǵöô鷳裬㿴Ժôѧ
ҶѩۿԼ粻ˣæĶһһλе
ıֵĺܺãƤϸ壬ȥʮٸһ㣬Է֤ʵҶѩĸᡣ
СѩҪˣǰɲһǵķչܿ죬ˣǸô죿
ḧҶѩο˵
ǰƺǲҵġ
һس漴һŶ룬Ϊ׵һҶ졣
ǰˣѪϵҲ޷ڸǵı
ǣԼϵˣѪϵף


1873 
㣿
Ҷ̲סĽҲ¶˽䱸ɫҲѾϵĵ绰ץȥ
ҶܣҪôֻЩ㲻׶ѣҺ֮Եûʲôìܣ˲ʲô˺飬һġ
Ҷüͷһ壬ؿ˵Ůӣиӵļˣļ֮ҲУȻ֮еǸŮҪ첻٣üϡ֮ȴԿټ
ļ֮£ҶһӯĸоǿĲȴҲѸٵƿϲκεһ˿쳣
ôģ
ҶĽ䱸ûֹͣǿҶȵ
ҶѩȴҶ¶˺ɫ֪Ϊʲôǰʲ׵꣬һİĺøУһ൱صĺøУͺ񡭡ʶܾúܾˡ
ôģҲǺҪҪҵĿģֻΪʼ仰
ţħƷֱӵͳ˴ڳţʵǿ󣬶ڴ㶾Ը⣬ӵ̸񫣬ƮƮɵĸоȴΪϲ
Һǲǰûʲô˵ģҪǮĻĲܣǵвҵļˣˣ
Ҷһɿµӿ˳֮£ȻһǿҵѹȸС
λߵȷʵǲҶ˵ȻоѾ൱ѵˡ
Ƿζ̴Ůȴ͵͵ĽҶһѣȻʾ˵̫ǿӲˡ
ǰʱķչҲԽԽѸˣһһεظһ£Ϊǰ飬һҪһ¡һ㣬ǰԵĲȥв˵ģΣ˼ͥ飬Ӳ
ϣˣĻҵ㶨һССĺڰ⻹ǲġ
аԵЦҶԵĲ֪ǰǿڵĲǰ²κεһʸ㶨ġ
ǿֲĺѾ㹻ѹһУһֺĵûа취͹Գ
Ҷ˵ʲҪ㶨ǰҲ൱ѵģĲ˵ҩҵϵĿֲ㹻ڶݵļʱһۺʽǿ𶯵Ŀֲ
úõ̸̸úõ̸̸
֪ΪʲôڿҶ֮Ͽʼ¶һĨɫ˫Ŀ˸ϵĳҶϿȥǲʱٴοҶ𽥿ʼü
֪ǿ󣬵һΣֻҪļʱˣҪôļȫûʲô⡣
Ҷ֮Ѿһ˿˿Ļ棬ŭı־ǰҶҶûжٵĺøУǶһֵĺ⡣
Ҷ챻˶Ϊ˾𣬿µʱˣԼ˾£ںСʱ򣬶ԷȥˣԼٴαĸеֲ۸û˿󵽡
ǸʱԼֻһӣһӶѣ
뵽ԼܵίܵĴۣ衢衢򡭡ֵľҶεĲޣεĲȥŭ
ڵҶȻڶԼ˵ʲôֱǲڻȥעһͰһļҺʹ̼
ܺãȻ˵ĻҵӺŮ뿪

û뵽ϾȻ¶˼ᶨɫƺЩ
Ҫ
Ҷһ㶣û뵽ԼһϾȻ˵ı仯
á
ҶεĿűᶨӣЩ仯İһԼϵĵ绰
飬ȥϡ
鷳ˣʱ䲻ֻҪʼ⣬ܼ򵥵⣬˷ôʱ䡣
ƺǿҶĲҪʱ䣬ⷴҶɫԵƽ˲١
ҶѰҶ˵ǿʲۺ񣬶˵ᣬӦǼҴĸǿֲɣ
ҶЩҶѯʣص˵ͷ
ҶҲǴ֮ˣ˵нֵλҶҵĹҲǲûġ
Ȼ˵ĻҶʱӦвٵĳаɣ
ҶԶʱסˣһ֮Ż˵
геģҺСģ˵гУȴҲֻСĦҺǰڵļͥ˵ĦԲʲôںܴĳֶȻĲš
Ҷص˵ͷ
ôȻ˵ĻҶӦòֱ˵ʲôĿˣ˵ʲǱв飬ŶˣȻǴĻҽӦǺϰɣ˵һСĵǰ˺ӵĻǲǻвҶҵĵλأԣҲԣǶӣԵĲܡ
Ҫ˵Щʲô
ҶЩֵĿҶ죬ֵҶ⵽Ҫʲô˼
һȴѾɫҰף˿˿ץסҶƣָ֮׶ҪҶƤˡ
ᣬôˣôˣ
˫ĿؿҶ죬Ҷ죬ǿҶ͵һţҪЪ˹ĺ
ʲô˼㵽Ҫ˵ʲô˭˭
һںĿҶһ˵Ҷѩʱʧɫɿܹ
裬û°ɣôˣ
Ҷ΢΢ĵȼһ֧̣ĮĿһˣҶѩķŭâ֮в¶һĨĽ⣺
˭Ҫ𣿽ֻΪһЩѣô˵أôһˣںССʱŶƺ㹻СˣСƺǸոճɣʱڵĺӶѣǴƺǸʲô֪Ȼ˷·Ƕһĸˣ˾˰ɣΪʲôҪСӿأҪ֪˵ļǺֲܿģһβõļ侹Ȼ⺢ӹԺУǼµڣȻӳˡǵģˣΪĲװǹ¶ҲͰˣȴ൱ĥˣ˵ͨԼֶΣ˵ˡʵ˵ľôѣʱ䣬ŶȻӣ۳Ǹղŵķϻ˵һӶѡ
˵ˣ׵Ĳˣˮȴһʧأ˫ĿһȻε˵ϡ
衭
Ҷѩ
ǴʱҶȴ͵ĴϷ˫Ŀ·˵ʨһ㣬ץסҶ·֮дſµĹâҶ죬Ұ޵һ㣺
˵ʲô˵Ǹ˭ģǸģ
Ǻܿģɫȴ׵ı仯ǰҶ죬ʣòüëǸһģһָоֿµĸоѪϵĸо
㡭㣡


1874 Ľ⿪
ģ
ĵ˺Ҷ֮дһ˿޷ţһĨ޷ڸǵľϲ˿˿ĿҶ졣
裬ôˣ
ҶѩźҶ֮дһ˿˿ŭ
㵽˭ҪʲôʲôĿģ
ʮСȻΪҶ첻Ǻˡ
ԵĻ޲õĸҶ켸š
ȻᣬҶĻ˼֣
뿪ĻҪˡ
͵óֻ˻Ľе
Сѩ죬չ˺衭
һԵҶĽе
֣ô£˵Щʲôʲôʲôӣô£
죡
ҶҶѩȵ
ǺǺǡСʵ˵һ¶ѣǾ͵һ¶ѣµʵܼ򵥵ģֻǺ浱ôôأ˵ôôı˵ԺҪӵġ´ѡһ˵ĵطȥӣ˻ٱ֤Ա˷ãĻʵ䷴
ǸոյѹҶĻˮʱƺˣվȴƴ˵ҶǰǱסҶ˫ȣ
㡭Բԣ˵Բԣ
Ҷҧĸ죬岻϶ţˮҲʼ
ҶⱲӣֻһ˵ģˣ鵽ΪֹһںޱȣҶʱʱ޿̵Ĳȥ£ΪľϣֲҾûֹͣѰҡҺᵱʱֻǸӣᣬʲôȴСĵỳˣֻǺӰܹôǺ±֪ǡǽ˵ϣãϣ찡û뵽û뵽Ļ
ǰȷʵĻǲʯͷԴȴӲĳţΪûǮƣʮ۸ȴţΪǸ¶ʵǶĲˣȴüԡ˵Ƕӹȷʵ
ҶЦݻس֣漴ļ˵
ȻˣϵĹȣһָٹ̵Ĵͳʮĺӣȷʵʲôģһ㣬ƺҲܹԹǵġ
ҵĸʥĸҶپȻ˰
ƷһµĽе
Ŀʼƽ˺ܶ࣬һȴҶеθӵЩԽ֪ԼʱǺεȵĴǿԳƵǲˡ
ǵһ·Ĵ̽ͼѰҵҶʱȴ֣Ǹطͱ仯ˣһ·Ĵ̽ûа취ѰҵҶټ
ҲΪ޶һĽᣬÿյʱᶼᰵԵĨᣬΪģľ
㣬Բԣ˵㣡
ҶĻĽ
ҶˡʲôֻҪ֪ǸˣڻţڹҲУҲ֪Ƕܺã㹻ˡ
ǵģȷʵ㣬Ӻʱǵüëһ˿㣬ΪʲôôѰǣΪʲô
Ҷ쵭Ц
Ҫ𣿱ϾҲʲô£ңҲͿɻġ
ҶĻȻҶȴѾ޷ڸˡ
ڡú𣿡
ޱȵļϲã˷ܣʧã
ĸȥԵø쳣
ڻаɣˡ
찡Ҹ磿һҸ磿һһ磿һǲǰˣ찡찡ƵĽҰͣһ˵õĻṴģвУⲻǳΪɩ𣿡
һԵҶѩޱȼ˵
˵ȴҶ̲סĴһ£ѾľȻҲһŮ˼תҲ߯ǿ˵㡣
ȻѾˣƺһжģ֪ǸûҲ֪һжãƺΪˡ
Ҷ콫Ҷѩߡ
Ҫߣߣ
ƺǿҶĴ㣬ʱĽ
ɡ
Ҷ֮дһ˿һ˿޷ڸǵİ
ҪһֻҪǼһѣƺûҪˡ
Ҷ첻Ǻϰߵ˵
ϾȻ⵱˵һ£Ҫȥ׵ĽǾһˡ
ɣԸ³һ˺úõľ۾۰ɡ
һץסҶƣҪȥſ
ǵģʱò׵֪ҶĴڣһκȻǲſˡ
ҶȻȥӦǲ֪Ϊʲôȴʹĵͷ
һˣ
ƺǺ
Ҷһı֮к󣬺Ȼ˵̬òٵһľ㵣޲õĽҶ˶׵İΧ뿪ͼ׵˽⵽ҶһУ˽һ;
ϸ磬𣿡
극ҶѩЦĵһƻʵ
˲ģⱻɹĵȼˣҶĳҶ쿴ȥͼȥ˽⡣
ǰɡ
Ҷĵ˵ͷ
Ů˲٣ÿһӣȻûľл񣬵ȴԼӣҲԳƵǽˡ
찡Ŷ󰡣ӿȥҲ࣬˼Ӱ
ʲôʱŻ
С˵
֪ǶҶĿǷԭ˵ᣬԼЩͻҶһ㡣
лɡ
Ҷ첻̫ϰߵŤһԼ˵
Ժ󡭡סɣ
ҶҶ죬ģ޲õҶȥͬ⡣
ˣҺܿкܳһʱ䲻ڹڵġ
ʵϣǲڹڣǷҪ뿪ܳһʱ䣬һεĳ֣Ҷ춼ûа취϶磬һޱյĵط۷ǿߣʥ˼ĴڣѾҶ֪ǵĿ¡
༶ǿߣޱȿֲģڵҶҲֻǴ̫žǿߣҪ˵ǺͲ༶ԿǴ۷ǿߣԼҲǵĶֵġ
˵Ҷûа취֤ԼǷĻ߻
ʲôӪǰ
Ҷʵ
ǰǱ˾ӪѣǰﶼǱոģԺʲôĻʱȥǰˡǵ󡣡
ʲôʱ
̲סʵΪϣõһ𰸣ҶӴԺҲˡ
ʱɡҲûа취ȷһЩҪȥġ
Ҷѵõ¶һĨӲЦ˵
ǶãܹܲڹȥʮĲɣ
ᲽҶ졣
ţҪʱ䣬ȵ鴦֮Ҿͻعġ
Ҷ쿴ᣬ˵
ƺһֱ֤Ǹһֳŵ


1875 

Ҷ쳤һĽڵĽ⿪ˣһΣѰҵԼˣ˵Ľ᳹׵Ľ⿪ˣһµĽᣬѰҲԼˣ֮ƱػħȻҶ챾ĻħȴͲ
ڳǹܵĽħԴնϣҶ˵Ϣʼ൱ͣԲ⣬޲ͣ޲˳̫žΪҲͻƵļ
ȻĽ൱ֲģǽ⿪Ļ˵ܴ󡣡
Ҷ컺Ŀ˵
ԼˣͨˣҶѾҪ뿪ˣھ½ԼҪĴҲᵽģԼϵκأ˵һζĶŮ鳤Ҳδһ£֮ǰҶ콫ľһȻԼĸĸϣȻ޷֤ǿӵȴҲԱ֤ǵԴﵽһ˵ĳ̶ϡ
һսҶ۵Ҳ˾ʱ𣬶ԼҪٴεĴӦǲġ
磬ܿǾҪٴεļˣһ۽ΣҶᾡΪʥˣǽ൱ʳϣȴҲҪصĲƣ޳Ǿô𽫻᳹׵Ĵⲻ̹ûɵ飬һξɰɡ
Ҷ˵֮дһĨᶨȻڵѾ˸ϵļᶨԼԺһֱ۵˽;
Ҷ٣ǸոյõϢ
һϽҶ졣
⼸յʱȻһֱҶ죬ȴҲûзе飬ϵĲǰĳԱһ൱˽⡣
ǰ죬۵еҲǿֲڲǰνһǧĽţݵʱ֮Ѿʼ˰ռĵơ

Ҷ΢΢ĺĳ൱˽ģһǲԼģҲ޷顣
ǰڲǰƺǺΪѵĸġ
ǡ
Ҷ͵뵽һֿԣ˽ӹϷɿĴ򿪡
ˢ
ϵ˲䣬һĸʾ
ɣֻ
ĸֵҶע⣬ɣСǰһƺСҶûжٺøеģʷڣСһֱǱҶ쵱һĹҡ
Ҳ൱Ҫģƾϡٵռ൱ĵ΢˵ҶѾǰС׵Ļġ
ʱСͻȻĳ䣬Ҳ֪Ǵʲôطʼֵģͺǲһ㣬ɿĴ൱Ŀɲ
ı൱ţҶ쿴ϣɫҲʼ仯
СȻ䣬ȻĳտʼĵԼ忪ʼһı仯˵彩Ӳޱȣ൱Ѫڿʼʱ򻹿Աǲյʱ֮ǵʶҲʼ˱仯
һģɱѪı仯ˣ̲סĿʼ˺ҧ˵壬ǵѪô֮󣬾ͷ·ͱ˴¨һ㣬ѸٵıЧܿڶ̶̵ʮյʱ֮УСѸٵļ
ʲôϢ
Ҷ췭Щ֮󣬱ԽԽ࣬漴Ŀʼʵ
ϢѾõˣȻ˵ϢҿٹһʱԵĻᱻͨ˽⵽ʱһֻţ޴Ŀֻţһ䣬ƺһֲǸо֮ĽۣҿƺֻǲôļˣǲѪҲһĸı䣬Ȼǲ֮ȴҲƿǵѰĵ޷˼ǣǴǵ࣬ûͻᱻǸɵ˺ҧ
⿴ȥڲǲŴȾԵģһҧĻӦҲģЩҧ֮нһģȴû˿ı仯ֻЩգҲųǻᷢ仯ӦҲʱϵ⡣
˵ͷ
ǵģҲôģԪǣѾ֯ͼȥӪСϾСȻԪ׺ȴɷϵǣǻк˴ڵġ
Ҷĵ˵ͷ
һĴڣκĵطֻҪϵڣƱػᷢìܵģ֮ìܣԪ׺ƿ֮ģѰû̫Ĺϵ˵Ҫֻйڵϡ
ҪȥһµǷʲôˣɣһĹϵĵ۹ص۹츣չģССĹ֮Ҳ񻰵Ĵ˵Ӧò򵥣ʱȥһҲδزֵᷢʲô
Ҷˡ
ϵһȥķɻ
֮дһ˿ȤĲҶ컺˵
Ҷ٣ѾԼķɻҪȥĻʱĳ
һǺãԽҶһжŵĺܺãʡȥҶ첻ٵ鷳
˵ҪȥҶҲʵǻһľԵġ
Ҷңǵúúõչһ¡
Ҷ컺ؿ˵
Ҷ٣İɣڻģŻû˵ȥҶң
Խ˽⵽Ҷʵ֮󣬸Խˡ
ҶصͷҲѾۣԼڻ֮оԵĲ˿ġ
ʱ䲻ˣҶһСı仯Ѿһ˿棬һָоһΣԼƺǿԴһεĵ֮ջ񵽺ܶĶ
ǰڵȷʵǿֻǶ̶̵İСʱʱ֮Ҷһ˱Լķɻǰ
һܳ׵ķɻƺӵԼķɻҶҲĳӦǷ˲Сġ
߰ɣҺܿ㡣
ҶţħƷ򻺻ضŸ˵
лҶٵڵĲǰͷĵĽҰɣ
һļ
Ҷص˵ͷ漴һ˼ʻķɻ
СҼǵСŮΪˣŮʮ֮˾ŵĶAVгɣ֪һЩŮǿԴٰ
Ʒ̲סĸ̾
СŮˣºͣ綼ǳģȻ˵ºͣ˵˳ܣ˵ҵȫĻϵ˵Ҳһʧˡ
䡭
ŷɻɣҶٴע⵽Լе档
Ľܺȫӳµʱ϶һŵƲ⣬ҵصҲѾȷˡ
ǴһСгֵģ
Ҷ΢΢һСûжٵ˻õ˻ȥ꣬һλԱ֮Сƺûжٿ˵ġ
Ⱥɽ򣿡
Ҷ͵ע⵽Сĵλãһ˿뷨


1876 ǣϢ
䡭
һ˼ʻķɻٶȺܿ죬ΪСı죬ҶԽĺ棬̲סԼʼ߶ɻٶȣԼȥ˰յʱ֮ҶڵĳСϿա
ʱΪǿеļԦһܷɻɵɻѾʼ˹ѣ´ҪȥʹõĻǾԵĲܵˡ
ҪȥĻǾ͵÷ɻȥˡ
Ҷε̾Ϣһ漴΢΢һѸٵĴ˳ɢԦһܷɻһȥ
ˡ
ܿģմ򿪣Ҷ߼ҰĵӰĴɻϷ
顭
һ޴ı֣һ˿ʼϮɻķ˱ըͽ塣
Ҷĵȼһ̣üͷȴ
Ƿ𣿡
ƷţħҶϱЩŹֵ˵
ƷһЦŴͷ
ôǿҵıըСҲӦûᱻֵģȴûһ˿Ϣͷ·һ㣬ֱǾЩ˷ָ
ǵģֱһǣϾٵĵطҲСУҽĵصСеһ㳡ϣ˵Ļ˿ֲıըƱػעģһȮ͵ûг֣ԵЩˡ
ѵ˵һСео񶼳׵߱ˣ
ţħҲǵŴЦ˵
ӵĻⲡ̫ĿˣȻ˵ǻģСһξģǱϾ໥ӣ˭Ҳ޷֤粡Ƿᴫݹ

һ޺ͻȻش˳޺ޱȵĽᣬƺڳĳʹһ㡣
һ൱İǷŸƨúο޺
СȵĺõλǰƷϼȴûʵġ
ţħ˸̾Դ˵֮󣬱仯ҲԽԽˡ
ҶûĿѾһۣ漴ĳķȥ
һƬ񷿣񷿵Χǽ壬ûжٵϢһеֳ־ѻǹǹʹ̵ЦĿǰ
һȥʮ˾ٸԷģһ㣬ĵǲף滨ģˣȴδ˵Ŀ˵Ĳһֿµ޲õĽǰ˵ڵأݺݵһ
ŮӵһѩɫĴȱ¶˿У˿౻˺ѣڽĵֿһ˵ӵַⷿһһεĿһУԷ˫ĿˮȻŮӵĹϵ򵥡
FUCKʲôУǵŮ˲ϲһװʲô崿İ
һ˿ڽе
ԷҲһ֣ȴ·һ㣬Ȼǰӹˡ
ǰɷȻȥʹ࣬ʵȴ൱˷ܰϣԼŮǰַ
ǹһǲɲΪ˾ǵģЩѵĹٱܹѵһСŮ˵ķ񡣡
˵ģԷٴκݺݵ˺Ůӵ˿࣬Ҳ̽뵽˶ԷȹУҲʲô̫ĶŮӵȴһĳ鴤
ǴǴĹϵһֱû뵽ȻɥĲ飬ǲú
ǸӴĺ
úǣڵԪ׶Լ˸ԵˣӶʼѡӴܣ޲õҪȥĹӴܹȥڻвǣúǻʱв𣿡
һӹĹٱЦ˵
һΰǵ㲻ģҸոպҵ߽ͨ˵һץһŮţء
̫Ҹˡ
ǰŮ˵ļ൱ĵλҽöǺ
û£ѾҵˣҪˣǻȥһء
ǵǵģ
˵ЦԽĲʱһѾٵѵ˿ӣǿеŮ˾ͦһ£Ķ
˸£˸¡
ŮӵɷĺڵƺǱҧˣǴϸǳ˿˿İ׹ǵĺۼȻȴûվ
ǲ˵Ǿܾʵȴϰ
ʿЦ
˸¡
ǵӵĺ˭Ҳûпӵ˫Ŀ֮һ˿˿ɫâʼ˳ɫĹâһа͹죬ԵڷıǣŨ
ǰӹû뵽СĶĳ̶Ҳ
һ˳
ްǰӹС𣿡
һ֮дһ˿˿ĳȻǶһ൱Ĳмһˡ
˭
ϣ
˵ɫ΢΢һ䣬˲ͦİӹٱȴѾû˿ӡ
һȻôıˣŶðһ𣿲ǹİǹֵ֣ӵУ
Ʒһ㵵ĿƵļһһЦݣʮǷӡ
Ĺˣû뵽ǻĹ˾Ȼ
ɫƵĿƷһˣڿҶһûеʱɫҲ÷
ģȻǻĹˣˣǼҹڵϣҲǲ׼ұǣ
һʿеǹ׼Ҷһ˽е
Ҷվû˵Ȼ˵СȽϵĶģǶЩаŮ۸ߵļһҶӵҶһֱڰӹûжٵĺøУȻĸӵˡ
Ҷܿȴ¶һĨЦݣ
ҲǲùˣҪùˡ
ʲô
˵ɫ΢䣬Ȼ֮䣬һ˳
𡭡
ͬҰް˻˳
ֻԭڵϵǸӾȻ䣬ԭ壬̬ʱޱȿ˫Ŀ˸ŴɫĹâ˻
ġһˣ
ʿĽе
͡
˺ѵ˳ںеʿԴֱӱǿе˺
֨֨
ԷһѸٵĽԴҧ飬ڵĳ
顭
ǹԷϱǿеĶˡ
ȴû˿ʹӣ෴ǣƺǱ˳
𣡡
ٴεŭһǿǹı߻ȥ

ƴʱ·צһ㣬Ѹٵ˺˶ԷţӡĿ
顭
ǹɣȴ޷ıԼߵˣһδεѵһδε
һӵĺǿֲǱ𣿡
ţħ̾˵
Ҷû˵֮ȴһ˿˿ĹâоһһϢϢƺǶô


1877 ϲ
ҡҰ
ĵӣ˵ϵǹ˾Ȼ˲תãҲһӵʱ䣬ǳ׵Ļָԭģ
һֱֻȵؾץסǰӹʿ֮д޷ڸǵĿֲ
𡭡
һŭǰӹʿʱĳҶ˿ʼ
ˣϧ
Ҷ쵭˵
˫ĿҲĵӿ˹ȥ⵺ӵȫƺǻһ˿˿ԣûг׵ıԼꡣ
𡭡
͡
ŶԷʼתʱӵǿеѳΪ룬ֲȻȾӵܣ֮УѪȾһеѪ
֫Ĳҽ׹ǡɭȻ⡭Щںһ𣬾ͷ·ǹΪһ˼Ļ
µļһﰡ
ţħؿ˵֮з·ǴīɫĹâ˿˿Ĺ⻪˸һаϢĴӳһֲֿϢǱĵӿֲ
ɱ¾ħ̥ıܣʱǰһɱ¾ΣѾܾûɱ¾ţħʱһǿҵɱ¾
Ҫ
ҶֵĴһһ㣬ţħħݺݵش̼һ£ֲĲʱţħһ£һţ۲ıƽ˲١
뿪ˣһѾܾûɱ¾ˣĻɱ¾һ˶ܹɱ¾֮ƽ
ҶаԵĿЦ
ƷҲ̲סһ³֣ϾţħǺĳ˵̬ҲǵһμȻһǿҵ𺳡
ɡɡ
ŮڵķӦ˹ȻǱ˹ȥ
ȥ
Ҷȵ
һѾˣεܹסѪĿŮһȥĻԵĻᱻ˺ѳΪƬġ
ڳ˼˵ڳ˼˵ڷŮ˵֮Ե˫Ŀʼøӵһ˿˿ɫâγʵʡ
ɣҰҰôˣ
ŮӾȻû˿ĵӣǶűĵӴĽˮ̬Ҷ춼Щˡ
𡭡
ƺǸоʲôһ㣬ֱŰϢȻĻָ˹
ء
Ұް㱯ﴫıŮԼƣƲŸŮӵͼԷøɾ
Ȼһ˿鶯һ˿鶯ҲֻıܶѣʱٳһĻԵĻᷢġ
ҶаԵжţӾȻԱһ˿У˵֮ĸ൱ġ
ܡܣ
ʱ˫Ŀɫâ͵ķԴ֮һѪĲʼݳ
ɣôˣ
˴סԴʹӣŮٴεļ
𡭡
͵һʱ弱ٵĲţһֻ־ȻŮץȥƻڲŮӲһ׵ľȴǿеͣȻںԼڽſ˵ѹסǣŮӾˣ˵սʤѪĳ嶯ǻһߵϣ
һƺѾûϣˣѪĲǳ˿Եֿסġ
ȻҶĻ£ʱӷŭһƾȻٴεĳŮץȥۿŮӵԴҪѵˣҶȻһ
ž
ָȵؿסӵơ
𡭡
Լĳ־Ȼ˸ֿסˣʱӵ﷢һŭһֳֻҶĶץȥղʩչˣͨˣǿ׳ʿҲᱻԷһץӵġ
Ҷȴ¶Է֮д˿˿⣬ܵվ
飡
໡
ӵƺݺݵҶ壬ǷȴҶ죬ĵӣҶǺεȵĿֲֲʥ֮ǵվŶԷȥԼ޷˺һ˿һ
ס֣Ҫʲô
ŮȻû뵽Ҷ쾹ȻԵֿסɵĳ֣ȴں´ɱҶ˵ŭĺ
ҪĻһߴš
ҶȻƾӴ֮ȴǿԽһԸģġ
ǣ
ԼɷоȣŮӵ϶ʱһϲæĵͷ
ϢֲȻһַͼѵ˵һʲôҪĴ𣿡
ҶĿӣüͷ˵
ĸо൱ܴ̼ͺԡһ㣬ǿҵĸоʹҪɵĳ嶯
ž
֮ѸٵĴܽӵڣƾӴ֮ЧʱԷһ˿һζҶȫĶ쵽ˡ
֮С
ҶһĲ²⣬ıӦǸıģǶԷ꾹Ȼû˿ı仯൱ƽȺͳû˿쳣
Ǿڵˡ
Ҷٴεʩչʱһ֮·Ϊϸ֩˿һ㣬ٵӿγһ貵Ĺâ˶Էڡ
һľʼߵ֫ٺ֮С
ҵˡ
Ҷ͵ĿһɫĹâһɫĹâֳεģͷ·һСƬĴɫƬһ㣬΢Ǿһ΢Ĳȴϵϵһ
ͺһĺһ㣬ϵĴҶҲоˣһȻ΢ȴһ൱ǿҵѪϢͺֻѪܹѹס
ѹҪѪǿ
Ҷжϳ˶Էá
Ҫһ׵
Ѿ˶ԲߣȴҪһ͵ķϾڵģ˵һǿеժȡһԷƱػܵС˺ġ
͡
һĲ͵Ҷڿʼ˳ⲨأѸٶӰΡ
ǾһȴҶ쾪ϲֻһԴͷϵ׳󣬷ɿĻһֻһ㣬͵Ľڲһɫץסı㿪ʼǿе
Ȼ
ʲôҶĸԼʵĸ
תҶĸڣǿȫȡڡתߵ˽һҲˡ
ˮ֮֮֮ҶѾõˣȴľܹ֮֮Ӱ쵽ԼģΨſԡ

ҶʧĽе
䡭
ӵһı³һѪȻĵ˵ϡ
ɣôˣ
Ůӷ˿
Ѿûˣ
оԼһ΢ľ֮ĲҶ֮дһ˿޷ڸǵľϲ֮˵


1878 
ûû𣿡
ŮӿҶһ㵵ʵ
ڴ˵Ŀɵʱ򣬶ԷɫѾúԭ¡ļ⣬ʱҲ˻ȥһһԪˣҪһʱġ
ľ֮Ȼľ֮Ĳ
ҶСĲһɫԣжʱһȷʵľ֮ˣҲһȺļһΪʲôͬǲ֮һ㣬Чһ㡣
ľ֮Ǿ֮֮УľˮŲͬԡ
ľ֮Ǿͺ֮һ㣬һȡ֮󣬽һǿϢϢԱ֤ܹǿĴЩ֮ܵ˽֮ϵ˺ۻ漴Ļָļɳ
лллл
Ů˷ܶĽеҶ첻ϵľϹ
һεĴֻǲǴӿʼڣȫ˽⣿
Ҷ쿴Ůӻؿʵ
ľ֮ȻСҶζ벻ģ˵ڵҪ̽ľ֮ϢһѰҵĻͿԳɹĵľ֮ĺۼγľ֮Ҷ޷󵽵һԲ²⵽Լһľ֮Ժ󣬾ԵĿԼʵٴΣǳɹĽ뵽ľҲǲܵ顣
ǵģһֱеľ񣬴֮ұԭǼƻ뿪ģڣҶ㾳֮У뿪ҲýڷɻȥĹңǵݸĲӵġ
Ůε˵
ȻǺӸһһܹǾĺϢˣԼɷҲûˣŮϣϵıҲʼЩϲ˲١
㣬˭ǵһģ
Ҷ쿴ŶԷʵ
һӦеˣϾһεĲҲǴȿʼġ
Ůӻһ֮󣬿˵
ܺãкܿͻָƽģ֮ǰҽǻסĺãòҪȥĻûа취֤Ǿ԰ȫġ
ҲΪŮӶԼɷ飬ҲΪߵ꣬Ҷ컹ǽԼ֪˵˳
лллл
ŮӸмޱȵĽе
̬ȻǷĵġ
Ҷ˵ͷѡ뿪
ľ֮֮һаǹŹֵĸоľ֮֮ԵͺƽȣһаȴҲӵڣΪһаԷŷģ⵽ΪʲôΪʲôӻаڣЩ࣬ûмȴҲԿ϶ǺͶԷ
Ҷ΢΢˼ţתɢһ
ܿģСһοʼҶļԪ֮۵Ĺ۲֮С
ǹŹֵĸо
Сı仯֮ҶһֿЦõĸо
ΪĹ۲֮УСȷʵѾǲˣĲٹҵҲǲ˾ӹЩʿǻ϶һȺǣĿƺҲΪ˰СѡСеŮˡ
СAVƬڹϴˣٵŮҲΪЩʿѡЩҶעģעһ⣬Щ˵Уһٸ֮ҲѵõĻһŮԱ졣
ѵ˵һϵ϶˵𣿡
ƷԼͷЦ˵
ҶûƷӣ΢΢üͷȴؽӡ
Ȼ˵ĻǾͳһΰɣܹı֮ҲǲˣЩһڵҲġ
ʱСѾʲôĲˣЩ˻ָҲδؿԻָĵײһεĴѿ˵Сľĵ˶ʮĳ̶ȡ
ʧνء
ҶҲСȥһĹ鷳ˡ
οģ£ĵǹͬģǾ
ҶиоԽ࣬ԼԽȻֻҶһָоѡ

Ҷ建֮ϡ
Ԫۣ֮
ǴżԪ۾شüĿʼˡ
Ȼʮ֮ѸٵĿʼżԪ֮ۿʼӣ漴ٴɢ
Ҷ쿴ˣٹҵľңһ˫˫ǲб顣
ߡ
͡
һһԪ
УҶġ£ʱһȺҵĹҾӣ˲Ļ촷ۡ
䡭
üһĲʩչ֮ﵽһ̶֮ɵЧҶʩչļԪ֮ʱҶûʱķʩչʱȫԼĿռģģԻǻܵһơ
֮
˫ĿâҶﻺؿ˵
֮Ҷӱ򵽵ĹϾѧһؼʩչ¿ɲ񷣬ǳݻһе
һŹϵҲĿģҶĿıЩĵࡣ

ƵɫâѸٵĴЩ˵ǿеķ˳
ɡ
ըװıʱҶıһѲƿʼչֳⲨٴεݻΪһĺڶӡ
¡¡
ɫѸٵıҶɵڡ
žž
ʼ쳹ľ֮ԴԴϵĿʼ뵽Ҷڡ
ľ֮֮Уˮ֮֮Ϊ͵һΪһ֮ĴӴ
Щ֮Ի죬Ҷ쿴Ӧ޷Ԧһǿɡ
鲻ʤıȻ֮󣬺ãһ̫Ӵ֮󣬱˲µĺ
ڻ
ɫ뵽Ҷ֮ҶоԼѸٵĿʼƵľ֮֮УȻǴ໥ںһ
Ҷȴߵķ֣Щľ֮ȥܶ࣬Լľ֮˵ǿĺܡ
Щľ֮Լ˵ǲġ
ţ
ҶţħƷе

Ұ˷ŭȻǲĴš
ȴţħһѵӵһԡ
ء
ţħһ֮ҰٴԹĿţħһۣһʱѾͼϤˣ˿ʼ
Ҷûߵı֣ɿĳȥ
ΪоˣǸһɿֲľ֮ڵԼֲ൱ǿ㹻֧Լ
̤Ьٴȫѹû뵽ҿѰҵľ֮Ȼڵϣ
뵽ӴҶҲʼü쳣
䡭
һҽ͵緢һ޴ɽ
ҽ緢Ҷ쾹Ȼ֣ľ֮ı
Ծô£


1879 ֮
⣡
Ҷ춴ɽԪ֮˸·һڲһ㣬Ĵ촩ͬس︴ʱڵĵһɢľâ
䡱Ԫ֮˸һа֮·ǸоԵĴھȻһĿֲ˳ɽڲѸٵĳ֮УͬʰĵֿҶԪ֮洫ľʥ֮⡣
顱
Ҷͷһһɴδйǿ󲨶˵ʱ׻һĲ
ʲôҶ̲סʧе
һʵ̫ˣҶ챾˶оַǱѰĿʰĲ·ʵһȻѸٵҶڲҷʴ
ľģһҪҵľ
ҶзһĽе
ľҶش󣬿˵Ҷܹߵһľǹûģǿ֮ԽսԽ£ǿȲ
һıռĻҶԺսǳСģңҶεĻŶԷȥռԼĶ
ôôµôҳ˵޷ݵĺôġ
һϷʵ
Ȼȥ˵Цһ㣬صޱߵĲȴҶ֪ѾĲ˵Ц
Ǵ֮ģﾹȻ˴֮ģ
Ű˲ͼ֮У̫ʮѪԭȿµĴ͵ˡ
ôʶԴͷ
Ҷ쾪ϲ˵
֮ģһֹϵĴˣҶ֪⵽δںɵģ˵ԷصĴڣ̲ػԴͷһ޷֤ġ
̫ʮѪؿ˵
аϢҲصĴڣճĴڣȻεȥ
ҶǿҵĵֿɿµĲﴭϢŽе
ǵģ֮ĵĴ˵ȷʵǴţںʱڴţȴҲ޷˽⵽֮ĵ˵һڴ˵֮еԪʱԪʱ
ѾҶڶˣʱٴεҶޱȵĺ棺ԪʱһʲôĴڣѵǶ޷֪𣿡
ǵģһŴɫʵʱǸʱǿƥֵĿһ棬ʥ˼ǿߣǳ֣һ֣ǵʱȴصʧˣ˭Ҳ޷֪еǷʲô顭
档
ʲôʱģεĽ
ҶҪֿסˣ̲סĺȵ
ԵǰȴҪù˰ɣ
è̲סһ˵
ԵҶ̲סһ㡣
ȷʵһδԵڵѾﵽһƿȻǿ󣬵ǾԵ޷ﵽĵزǡ֮ҪĶʵ̫ĿֲˣԵķĻ»ص䣬ʱھ֮һ˵עģǸʱδһ£֮ȴɳԼӵһ
̫ʮѪ˵
ţĴõһ֮ģҲƾ˵Ĵڣﵽһ£Ϊ֮еǿߣƿأں֮С
컯컯ȻǴ֮ģѹֺǵһΪʥ˼ǿߡ
أȻԭﲻ֪
컯飬֪˺٣̫ʱҲֻм֪һ˭Ҳ֪һƬ֮ĵƬ̫ʮѪҲһޱĽ˵š
ǸҲ˿ĲȻȥ²̫󣬷ĻЧҪ
м˵Ȼ̫ڴ
֮ĵƬȻ˿ֲı
Ҷ˫ĿȻоɽڲŵĴ֮ĲǿĺܣȴҲûӰ쵽Ҷеڴ
ϵҶѾо뵽һּ£ҩĻһЩûѼԼͿʼѡҩˡ
ڣǴ֮ԵıԼҲѷɫҶҲʼ˲Сڴ
ֻ֮ģ൱Ŀ£ȻҸоϲֻ࣬һƬѣ˵Ҫѹþȫˡ
Ű˲ͼ֮УǿҲʼ˵ʱѾҪѹˡ
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б˳Ǵ֮ĵƬȻԣҲշѳ̶ȴ˺ܶܶࡣ
ߣҪշҵľ㻹û¡
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һ϶аĹʱԭľ͸֮޲Ǻ֮໥֮Ҳలµģڣһ֮ĵ뵽Ҷ֮ǿֲ֮ȻҲ뵽С
ø֮Ĳ
䡱
һֲѸٵĿʼ֣ʱһ·Ҫ˲һϵĳ˳ɫ˼£ڰ˼ޣͬһ𱻷ӡµħʱڵĳһ㡣
⡭ʲôȻҸо˵ӣо˿ֲܵģûҸоֲģﶼҵģһеһжҵģˡƣ
Ҳ֪֮ĵʲôͨȻ͵һ֮˲Ҷڱһǿƥͬǻɽ緢Ч׾ٵı

ҶѪ񱩵ĲѣֻƬ̵ʱѣȻ㱻ԷѪ
Ǵ֮ĵ𣿡
Ҷ˫Ŀ¶˲˼ĹâûеֿסԷʴ֮ѹֻ˵̫ʮѪǿΪ֮ɵѡ
䡱
֮ѸٵĲҶıһ޴ĺɫʼɣһӰӰȴһְԵƥĲ·ħһأķǻɽްϢ
һصĹȻ˿µĲ˵ȴû˿ô㻹ǹԹԵĸѹȥɡ
֮ĵ˵죬ʱҶѾԼȫʼۼһ
ǿռǳ֮֮Ѿ䱸˼£һ̣Ҫȫˡ
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֮͵ĳˣǱӰһ֦ħצķ
Ǵ֮ĵޱȵĿֲҲϾֻһֲģŸ֮ǿд߶Ҳ̲סĿʼһĲ
֣
Ҷĺһ̣̫ʮѪǣ޲ĳˡ


1880 ôһɽ
ң
֮εĲоһֲѾԼԭΪҶڵ֮ԼľԼߵķ⣬ҪôԾôԣȴû뵽һɹɾ캧صȻѾʼҶͬˮı
СӣҪŬֻһΣǵܹ̫ı¶ûʥ˼ǿߵע⣬ʱһ˵ܵĪв
̫ʮѪȥҪԸҶ졣
һҲ㹻ˣ
Ҷ˫Ŀ¶˼ɫ֪һ֮ʵ̫Ļ̫ʮѪҲѡֵġ
õһö֮ģƱػԼģʱɹĴﵽһļ£ǽ׵ġ
ಡ
һĹâҶѸٵĿʼߣ·һֱֻһ㣬ٶȺܿ죬˿˿Ĺâǹâɫÿһâ֮
û뵽ССĵȻ̲һһ
ҶҲֻ΢ĸ̾һ¶ѡ
һﱻƳ֮⣬ǸҶܴĻᡣ
ҪľЧ
¡¡
ɽڵĿʼ緢ˣһһɽ緢ֱǾ춯أߴǧ׵Ļ㹻ĽոȾˣҽʼ䳹ʣҽһɫȴڹϵ໥š
ɡ
һΣⸯ̫֮ʮѪȴڵѹƣҶȻĿʼ޼ɵ
Щľ֮Ž֮ˮ֮ͻ֮ҶΪķȥ֮ģȥľ֮ɹȥ
С
оľ֮ڱǿеɵҪ˴֮ĵⶼԼĲƷصĺܣԴ֮ĵĻὫڶʱ֮ģһö֮ĵƬСԷӳ֮ĵ
û뵽Ҷ쾹ȻԼľ֮ʼϵɵˣЩԼİģСڼ˰

һĿֲʼſºѹϢǹϵϢĸӵĹϣ̫ŻҪĿֲ
һ˿˿ÿһ˿·ѹһе谭ɽӱǺѣЩȻޱȵĿ񱩣ȥɵ²Ҫһʱ̾ҪֲΪ촷ۡ
ҶľǱκεѾҪֲ־ҶεĴ֮γɵģȻĿ쳣Ҳֻд֮ĵſԴݻ٣κΣڵҶҪľ֮ȻĲԷֲ
֮
̫ʮѪǿĴں͸֮ѹƣҶԽ޼ɵȻӵɽ緢¶ȣǿеĽԼؼʩչ
пʼ¶˲ĳɽΧȥ
ңСǲ֪ôдˣ̵ĹҿˡĹûĽԼ궼޷֤
֮Ŀʼŭ֮ԵĴһɫ̬ǻһ˿ԲĲһﺦˣˣվ֪Լһᵽˡ
¡¡
һʼۣҶ첻ȥһֲĴ֮ϵʩչһ㹻˱۴ϸɫâʼɽбȡ
Щ˱۵ȥͷ·һӨʯһ㣬˿˿貹â
ľ֮ı־
ľԭʴ˴Ԫʱľ֮֮󣬶ʱļ쳣Ȼľ֮Ҳܴ
ɿĽԼҲ뵽ɵĴ֮С
ռ䶼ڲľ֮Ҷȥϵ໥ںϵԼķΧ֮С
̫ˡ
ҶаԵĺ
Ҳû뵽ԼҪľ֮ȻôӴ󣬵Լֻ˺ٵһˮ֮ϻܹܵĻ֮ǵ֮Ѿﵽһŵĵزȴû뵽ľ֮ӵı̬ԼɵЩľ֮㹻Ĵﵽ˽֮ʮˣκԼڻ޷

֮ڵĿʼѾһ˿ǣȻ֪ʱҶʲôѾķǴ㽫ԼɸɾȻɵ̫ʮѪǿڵʱȻĲ־ܵġ
䡭
һֲĽɫʼ˳
ЩɫǴ֮ĵҶļԪ֮ۿٵ˸ȵĸоɫĿֲ֮˵ɫ̲صĶ̫ˡ
аĺڰ֮ȵĻ֮Ĺ֮͵ˮ֮Ľ֮
֣̲УͨǳĲ
һʧˣԭΪһֻҪľ֮Ӵ֮ӦԱģҲӦľ֮Ϊʲôں𣿡
Ҷһ಻ѡ
ߡ֮Ĵ컯ԻûһУΪֻ˵Ц𣿡
̫ʮѪ˵
ԭ֮
ԭﻺسˡ
𡭡
̫ʮѪľſչû춯أͺèҲ˿Ĳ˽أ⼸һڵĿʼȫĳˡ
¡¡
ͬǾ֮ϵӣ͵Ĵһ㣬Ѹٵķޱߵ˲ı㹻һС
ãЩǿ쵰޳ܵĻ쵰
оľ˵زʱǴ֮ҲʼʧĽ

ͬǴһʼ֣֮ҲʾֱӵĽԼʩչ˳
һ̣Ǵ֮ĵվռ·磬ѹ˻ɽڲ
尡
̫ʮѪĶҶ
ã
Ҷʱǵĳ֣Щ
ʱСѾڲ
ҿĴ󲿷ֵ˶Ѿˣ˴ľѸٵ뿪Щҵľȴûˣֱӱ񱩵ȥ
ϵ۰ʲô
һMʿ̲סĲ˵
硭
վ֮ϵƷ̲סĴһ磺
˭Ұ
漴ĿһķѵСڵεĸ̾
AVĴ󳱳׵군ˣ
һԵţħݺݵطһۣŮǵҲһֵ
䡭
ҶΪһ㣬˸Ȼһģ׵˻ɽ֮С
Ԫۣ֮
üһﶼ֮Уһеһжûа취ȥֿס
ǡ
Ҷ촩ľ֮ڵĿԼҪĶ
һﳤȵľʯ
Ӷ֮¾شţ
ôһľ֮ɽ


1881 
ˣ
׵ķˣ
Ҷ޷ŵĿǰһУҸ̫ˣ̫ˣЩ޷ѹ
ԼȥѰľ֮Ǻķ˶ٵǵľ֮޷㣬ҪáתĿԶûа
Щʲôһʷǰɽɽĳ֣ԼԵĿԷıŷġ
ҲΪǴ֮ĵЧģŹϵϢɰϢ˸صĺܣ֪˶ٵ£ȴǿĴڲſԴ߶ǲ
̫ʮѪ૵ĵ
ӷˣСӵҲ̫˵ɣ
˫ĿŹ˵
֮൱аġ
ȷʵû뵽Ȼôࡣ
Ҷ컺ƽԽ࣬ԼİҲԽôľ֮Ҫѵġ
ĿһܣѾǵ֮ˣ˵ĻӦˮĵزȴĺܣҪ˵ˮˣһˮûз֡
ӦñǴ֮ĵĲ֮أԷǹϵԪʱĲĿֲѾĸԵ׵ɸɾˮ֮Ҫ֣Ҳǲܵġ
̫ʮѪļʶ㷺һ۾ͿĲԾԭ
ȷʵܵġ
ԭѵõĿ˵
˵Ǵ֮ĵĲ֮أǴ֮ĿҲ
è˫Ŀ𣬴˿˿â˵
ղŵһУǵĺ֣һӦֻǴ֮ĵһƬѣҲ˵ʱӦǱˣҲԵӲģһСĵĺã
̫ʮѪ˵

Ҷص˵ͷڵԴӿôľ֮ɽ֮Ѿû뷨ˣֻڲϵĿһľ֮ɽ
¡¡
ڵľϵķ춯ƺǼĲ
ȻһҲľ֮Ĵڡ
ǺǣôһɽҵġתҪҲδصĿôģİɣһɸġ
͡
Ҷ˫ֽӡǡתľѧʼתƬ̣Ҷ˫ĿѾȻˡ
˫Ŀ֮УĹâʼһĲľ֮棬ͬǻĹâʣҶ˫Ŀâ֮ȴǿеƿ¶е®ɽĿ
ɣ֮
һѸٵ
֮Ψǿſʩչ
Ͼ֮൱İԵﶼɵҶľȻһ㡣
žž
һʼ֣Ҷϣһ貵Ĺâʼ֡
Ĳ
䡱
һɺ嫵翪ʼγɣ֮չ˰Եһ棬ˮ֮γɵ·һ㣬ޱɢţ֮ȴͬһλ°ĵһ㣬Ȼȴŷâ¶Ϣ

ٴεµ졣
Ż֮ȸɣˮ֮䷨ɣŽ֮İ׻Ҳ͹˳
һһ۳࣬µʱкһڵԴԴϵɣ֪γһֶôֲ
֮ǽͻһ̬ˣСӵڣ𽥵Ŀۣ̫ӡǣĴһɣԵĿԴɵġ
ʥ˻ŲСĲģֻǲ֪ǷԴﵽ̶أ
Сľѧܹܶ࣬δصĲʥ˼ҲҪˣ⡶תҲֻ˴ģΪһʱԴľѧģһɣǽﵽһ۷壬ʱҪ˵ʥ˼ǺҲѷɫ١
ϣ˰ɡ
̫ʮѪһ໥Ľ֮УҶȴﱥĥѡ
֮УҲһ֮Ϊأ̫ʮѪǿϵĴڶ֪Էģ
ԷǴص̲أϢ
֮Ϊ񱩵һ֮ΪһҶԾ˿ͷˮ֮ԵΪͣճ˵ľ֮ĴӦñˮ֮Ҳ²˶١
ʵȴôһ£ľ֮ȷʵԵͣǼȡȴ൱ѣǿֲȻҶķ֣Է֮ƻ̶˿Ĳ
¡¡
ƺǸоˣľ֮ĳַûжٵƵ̬෴ڲϵƻҶ;
ô£
Ҷд󺧣Ǵʱ޷ͣЪһľ֮ʵ̫ĿֲˣڵҪȥͣЪҲøѵĳ̶ϲɡ
ô£ľ֮Ϊʲô˵Ŀֲ
Ҷ첻ɵýе
ʱȴѾȻſˣȴûа취
鷳ˡľ֮⣡
ԭͻȻؽе
ô£ľ֮Ӧ˵Ŀ񱩵ġ
̫ʮѪʮֻͷų˿˿Ĺââ˸ȻҲڿʼ
ԾԾ⵽ʲôط⣿
ҡ
Ҷƺǳܵ˼£Ǿʱľȴʼɱ
飡
ͨԪĴŰ˲ͼ֮иȡ˹ȥ
̫ž죡
̫ž죡
̫ž죡

ҶĲҽԽĿֲʹ࣬ǸоԼĹ趼ڷĲ궼Ҫˡ
ʹֻϣҲھϺϡ

ľѸٵĳˡ
͵ѾС˴Լ֮һľ֮档
žž
֮ʼԴԴϵļȡ˹ȥҲҶϵʹ˲ʧ˲١
ҿҿľ
ȻĽţʹȴҶһĨ侲
ˣǻڵʵҪǰĳɳôľ֮Ҫǳ׵뵽ҵڣʱ򣬴ľ磬ԿԴﵽ
ȻѾ죬Ҷȴɲ㡣
һʱҪΪʵʣΪӰȸ䡢߰׻ݻΪǳ
ڲϵĳɳҼȡ
Ҷĺ
ʱڵѾҪƴˡ
ˡ
ľ֮һ΢Ľâض˸ţƺ˼ʲôЩҶܹȥġ
ڵֻȥļȡľ֮Լ֮С
Ľ


1882 
ǺӾתҡҡմ£·һһ㣬˲ȵҶ֮УǿʱĿʼ˳ȥ
žž
ʱҶľʼǿҵž֮ǿϵĿʼײ֮ġ
ֲϣ˲Ϣ֮Ѿ֫ٺ֮дͶ
˫Ŀ˿˿âҶѾƾǿ֮ʼ쵽ڵһ
ʱΪһľ޴󣬵ǳ˸ϸϸĿȥ֣ᷢʲôǳһſŵʯԼѾʼ񻯳Ϊʵ״̬ˡ

ڵͬʶһ㣬һƵʿʼ˺̬ÿһε¶·Ҫ¸ȥ
ǿЧЧǱҶƽٶȶҪֲ֡
ȥҵȻԽڽڵ⡶תһȥתûа취ȥնϣôӴľ֮ԼǷȥȡɵĻȻûжģȥȫһҪ˷ѽܶࡣ
ҶȻоԼڷɿͬŻһģȴûбʤͷԣѡ˾˼š
˼ǿģҶڵƽ·ǽﶼƿһ㣬Ҷ棬ޱߵľ֮ԴԴϵĿʼ뵽ҶڣĴٶȲϵȥҶΧѾһɳâ
Сӽ뵽ĳ֮УʱȴΪµġ
̫ʮѪҶڵľҶ˫Ŀ΢΢ıպϣȴرһĹ⻪棬û˿ʹ࣬еֻһַɣԲһ壬·ûܵ˿ĳһ
ǽ뵽ĳ֮УȻûصı֡
СĵĽ䱸ŰɣҸоǴ֮ĶȻĲ뿪ģ뿪ĻǿǽĻԵˣԺҪȥѰҵĻԵǶȻĲܵˡ
ص˵ͷ
ԭϻͷų˿˿Ľ⣬⽣䣬ȴͷź֮
ڵǽ뵽ˡת۷壬ҲδǿԽʥ˼ǿߴܵģڴǿ֮УһĵȼڡǾǱΪ졯ĵȼ뵽ʥ˼֮ǰҪȥ׼ܶ࣬ҪҲޱȿµģϵʷ棬ҵõļ˵ܹﵽǿǺܶģ̫ʮѪǿǲǿߣҪ뵽ʥ˼ľ磬ǾϼѵģҵʵԺʥ˼ǿ߶Կ֮ϻźǿߣεĶܹܵĴˡ
ҶûоĻȻȥ˼ˡ
ڵֻҪȥѰҵһķܹȥƻǺͺԿ
Ű˲ͼڵǿʥ֮ҲֻˣڵȴҪȫĸȥһ˰ʥ飬ţŰ˲ͼһ󵽵Ŀֲϡ
Ҷ첻ϵ˼ţԺ֮УֵĿֲѧͰ޲Ժ֮תÿһεת֣ҶڣЩǳҲʼһķʽ
İ¶ȻĲˣȫݣֻдԼ˳ɶѣҵΪѾԸоѧǲˣڵȴԼ죬ҼȻԴǡ߱ħȻͿԴľѧģ
뵽Щ֮ҶĽԼԺеľѧ׷׵˳
ؼľѧӡҶԺ֮У˵Ҷӵеǳ޷󵽵ǿ󱦿⡣
꣡ꡭ
͡
Ҷ͵һ嶼ڿʼʱڵĿʼ뵽һ󵨵趨
˵ԼڿԴһȵĻǲһܴ󵨵顣
ݻΪһȣѾһǱѰˣڲһֲĹȣǾһ飬ԹȴԵû˵ôȥ
һ棬Щʲô
ͻȻԭ֮дһĨ޷ŵĲ
ֻҶΧһӰʼĳ˳
ЩӰ֮УµĽžµĵ޵еսѪޣħħ񣬻ʥѩ󡭡
һӰǻҲǷ࣬˭Ҳ޷˵⵽ʲô̫ʮѪΪϵħеһԱȴҲû⵽ʲô
һԴѧɣ
ͻȻе
Դѧ
һĽٴȥҶʱȴԽԽ󰡡
һ𣿡
̫ʮѪ֮жһ˿
ʱԴѧҲ˵ѧΣǵӴľ֮ʱҶڷӿţһƿزãҶ˵᳹׵ıģʱ궼ġ
СǷˣ񣬲ħҪ֪ԵĵǺεǿĴڣڵûȫָ˵Сӵ˵²ߵһҪ׵ѹˣ˵ܹĳɳһܺõ顣
ԭȻһ֧֮Ҷڵ
㲻Ҫˣʱճ̶ȣ
̫ʮѪ˵
˽⣬ҵȻ˽ˣѪ㲻Ҫˣ֮ϣǻжʱܹǣѵ˵ƾڵǿԶԿ㻹ҪķӡȻ뵽ޱߵֻ𣿡
һʱ̫ʮѪʮֻˡ
Ŀԭһۣ̲ס̾ϢһȻ˵֪ԭ˵ǶԵģǼˣ̲סĵġ
һҶʧܣǾ;ûдͷˡ
ҶΨһϣҶĹҵˣҲŵùġ
Сӡ
̲סĿЦһֻεĿҶ졣
һǾ͵ýˡ
ҶҪıǽԼȻ뵽Լ֮УӵĻұԭ˵ڵȱҲᱻƵġ
֪ǲĿԴһոµľѧһɹĻҵȻʱ򣬡תΪһ޿ܵľѧ
뵽֮ҶԽ
ѣ
ü֮УȻ
ǹ֮У񷢳̾Ϣ޾ʼŷ֮Ƿ˷ŭĲȴʥӤǿеƿ


1883 ܾ
ȻĹһ֮󣬽ҵһֿµĥѵġ
ҶЦ˵
ʱҲûкڵĿˡ
ϾѾԻˡ
һꡭ
ԭǵȻ̲ס¶һĨɫ
Ű˲ͼ֮УһֱǹעҶ챾ˣҶеı仯εĻὫǸס
ĹȺò׵ĽھȻһˣһҪ
̫ʮѪ̲סĽе
군ˣ군ˣһҪ𣿡
ͺè໥ıһ𣬴Ŀ
һʱķҵ̫ʮѪԭûĽȵĻ국һ߷˳ȥ
ʥӤ֣ҿǺȥмܵģֲû뵽İһƲĿֲһ籩ҿʥӤʱĳˣûһɷ籩ܿܽϵѹʱ򣬳׵ķϵﲻʥ˼ǿ֣߳ͻġ
оǿֲϢҶ̲סһࡣ
ڻ̾ʱˣڵʥӤ໥ĺĵԼڵ
ǳ֮еҶĵʱĿʼıŷ
ľ֮ľ֮ľˣڻڱҶ켳ȡźţɵٶȺǾˣͺǺˮ֮ٴεĶϣǿĳȻ޷׵ĶϣڵҶٴεȫȡľ֮ԷȻʷ͵൱졣

Ҷдĺȵ
ʼĹ·һĳһ㣬ʣ漴Ҷƿ֮£ѸٵΰͬǺһĺġ
Щʼɢһʼתš
Ǹطһ޴̫ӡתš
һ̫ӡԭǹͨҶܹЭתһڣӡǣǳΪȥѹ񱩵ȻΪõˡ
Ҷ쳹ʱһ֮УһööǳϵķٴεƵ̫ӡ֮ϡ
һķʽζţÿһεζЩֲøӿֲ֡
ںϣǳ
Ҷ쳤ʱü֮У޾֮ʼٴεһľ޴ݻЩߣЩᾧߣԼĿԿЩ֮У·Ҷӡ
һصķģÿһķĶһֿµﵽЩҪȥγʵˡ
ںϣ
ٴεĺ
䡱
һӦһöǳʱЩʼЩǳɿں
ÿһ궼ںһǳģﵽ󣬲ľ첨Ѿʼﶼһ
ҶоˣԼڷıŷţÿһεıŷԼϵǿ󶼻Ȼֵġ
һ̣ҶоԼľٴεһ˵ĵزϡ
̫ž죡
Ѿһֻ̤뵽˴ľˣֻҪҶٴεһ磬Ǵǿߡ
ںϣ
Ҷ죬ҲʥӤڵһƿˣһƿҶÿһѪÿһεϸ޲̲ںϵļ
򵥵˵ҶڵѾʼںһ𣬱˴Ҳû˷硣
ҶתҶȴоԼƺڲϵȥȥҶѾ𽥸оЩˡ
ռ֮ҿأ
ǿеƿԼĿռ֮ʱһȦȦĲƿʼ֣Ⲩ֮дƺǿ˿زǺһ㡣
ǿռ֮ЧԸı
¡¡
ڵĵЩ˳׵뵽֮һʼһķʽʼת
ֻҶڣǧǧ׵˷ɿżӰߡ
⼸Ӱֱһ׻࣬һȸ࣬һ䷨࣬ǵĺ֮УһʥӤʥӤҶԼӴںУΪǿһƿˡ
ȡ
ࡪ
𡭡
ŭڣ֮һҡΣ֮һķڡ
֮Уľ֮ͼڣ޹ΪĴ֮ףľ֮ȴ֮Ϊһ֣˵߿νǰġ
ȥ࣬Ҷ˵ҲѵģϾľѧ֮Уÿһֶ൱ֲǿģҰӡȭĴȥĦ̬
ʱȥ֮׵Ҳֵˡ
žž
һſŵᾧ֮УһӰţޱ֮䳹ЩӰÿһҶ£ӰҲʼӴͿֲ
¡¡
һ޴Ĺȿʼɣ֮УٴεѣЦڷڣһеٴεĻû޾
ʷʫޡŮۡһӰĳ˳
ԽԽǿʼȻɡ
ɣɣ
Ҷĺ
һ̣˫ĿһӴƣҪƲһ㡣
¡¡
֮֮ϣһ˸˳׵罻ӣڣ
ٵǶһѹ
žž
ľ֮ʱֻдԼһˣľѾȡ㹻ˣľѾһɫȻ⼳ȡ̫ľ֮ľѾʼڽˡ

֮ٴεļǿֻת˲ʱѣȻٴʧһ룬ľ֮Ҳֻм׵ĳȺǧ׵ĸ߶ȶѡ
ǳ֮Ҽӳ֣
ҶͻȻٴεĸоԼĹȵһĿݼţʱŭһ
ˮľ𡭡һ
ոµ֣һ̣׻ڿաȸ졭
ַ಻ϵչֳҶľ֮ȡ˼£ۿһ̾Ҫ׵ɢˡ
ˡ
嫡ƥǿҫ
ϵǿ֮УޱߵǳڲϲõĲһâչ˳񷢳ʷʫڻڡ
̫ӡ棬ʥӤĵĵطѹŹȵķĵλΪǿģһĴڡ
ıĴࡣ
ࡢ׻ࡢȸࡢ䷨࣡
໥ںϣٴݻһſŵǳˣÿһŵ˶ޱȿֲԴԴϵҶҪ
Ҷü֮УȻɢˣǶҶȴû˿ʧӴ֮ںϵҶıһʥĹ⻷֡
⻷֮У֮
Сɣ
Ҷ콫Ҫеľ֮ɵʱһĺޱߵԹҶȥ
һɫĹâ
Ǵ֮ġһҪˣģʱ𣿣
Ű˲ͼǿĽ
ȴ֣Ҷ쾹Ȼû˿ĵӣֻһ˿Цݣ
ܾˡ


1884 ΰ
ã
Ҷ֮͵һѾ򿪵ʱˣԼҶˡ
ΪҵļԪ֮ǳص𣿱
Ҷ﷢˷Цʱ˵汬һâڵĵ֮УǳһǺڲ֮ƿأ·ǳ˼Ѫһ㣬ıŷ˳䣬𣬲
ҶľѧڵҪصĿˡ
һεľѧҶ൱ļѣȥƽԹ꣬ҲǶһ޶ڵģҶȴֽȻͬ໥ںϣǳơ
ΪģȻֻڵȥ۵С͵ĴԪ򣬵кı˳
貵Ҷĵ֮У˳֫ٺͬһ㣬Ѹٵչˡ
ںϣҺΣ
Ҷޱߣĺ
ʱѾ׵ĸо֮޾ڷĻţǷٰͬĿֲڻۣҪµ̬Ҷ첻£־壬ʱѾԳһ磬һ޴һ㣬һſŵǳϵʥӤࡢȸࡢ׻ࡢ䷨࣬޴Ӱת̫ӡ֮ǵ壬ǵ棬һ֮ڷıĹעҶԴ棬һ貵Ĺ⻪·ǼԪ֣֮ȴԪָ֮ӵĿֲ
¡¡
һıˡ
ֻգ۵ʱѣʱĴ֮ȴǡõĳҶǰǺεȵɺϣ֮Ǹ׳գȴҲԵ֪ôɺϣҶΪ֮ġ
Сôݺңң
֮ķĺе
ݺ㲻ҲڰҪҳ𣿡
ҶЦֹ˵
ž
Ż
һֻ޴ɲһ׵磬ǿо˿˿ʥѹ޵׵γɵģһ
𡭡
˲Ľ֮ҶΧһеһж
֮һУ޲ҵƿ֮УǽѣǻҲΪãҿ
֮Ĵ˼һΰġبŵġϵġġʥġصġϢѸٵӳ
һب֮еϢ·Ǻģ·Ǵ̫ţȴƺǱ̫ŸӵĹϡ
Ԫţ
ԪϵӡſµͨһԪʼ£ԪȻ޿ֲԪŵӵĿɲ
Ҷһļٴεķ˵صͨԴ棬һҲѸٵתʱʼһϢ
Ԫţǳ̫ŵ¾ʥ˼ǿ߶޷ȥȻǿֲΪڹϵ޷ȥӴ綼ҪϣҶȴ񣬴ʱŴ֮ĵĳ֣ȥĻᣬĻᡣ
žž
ҶֻԵһЩϢͲѣһ֮УڣһſŵǳȻʼĲı
ȻҶڵȻ޷סϢĲӲҪ˵ȥģˡ
ģɣ飬ҾͲ޷ȥ
ҶĴ
֮Ӱ϶ţص׵֮ķ򣬾ҪȥӦҲЩģϾǲģҶ쵰ȻԼ˶ƣԼںԼεĲȥŭεĲȥץ
СôľǸ쵰
֮ĿҪķˣڵǽһڰԼôôĵùȻմȾһ쵰ء
˴˱˴ˣ㻹ʵʵȥӦ׽ٰɡ
Ҷ΢΢һЦĲȥ˼֮ĵĸܣٴεģ
𡭡
³һϢϢȴϢһƬ֮
ƺƵ֮Ӷ˷޲׵ٲȻҪҶʹ֮ĸĿȴǴ֮ġ
ݣ
ĺе
֮ķɿתԼϵķɢĴȥһͨϵĽֿ֮
صϣȻͼضԿѹ
һŭ𴫳֮֮оȻһӰһӰݻľȻݻΪǧЩӰеϵķӣ໥ĺЦŭ޲Ǵ
֮ŭ
Ű˲ͼ֮У̫ʮѪﶼʼһ˿ͶµС
һʲôŭԹ鰡ķŭ̫ʱڶĽѣֻ֮µޣڽѵʱŻ֣СӵԴѧѵ˵˵Ŀֲ𣿡
ǿһϳ֮⣬ƺǻϲã˵ĻǶ˵Ǻ£ĺ°
ҶԽǿ󣬶˵ҪȥĻӵףŵ˵İҲܶġ

ŵǳѵˡ
Ҷϴ˿˿ŭɫѾһδεȥģԪŵĲȴûа취ȥں
ǵģȡ̫ˣҵȼҲԵĲߣ˵ҪĽĻǾ͵ҪȥҪõ
ҶаԵ˼ǺܿȴǰһʱĴ֮ڷĵֿ֮ŭĽѡ
ȫȻûʱȥҶ졣
ǵģѣЩѵ˵ܹҵڵĻһнƺǻ൱ˡ
ҶȻ¶˼ɫ̤Ьٴû뵽ǰ
ڵҶȴҪѹסǴ֮ģûԷĴڽԼɺܴ谭ġ
ռ֮֮
תռͨҶѸٵĽһֵ֮ŭĽ֮Լ֮ڡ
䡭
֮ŭΪµĽ֮һ̫ʱڶʱ뵽Ҷ֮󣬶ʱķ֮
һ޴鷢һϢ
ϣ𣡡
ŭޱȡ
ߣϣϺúõкһǰѡ
ҶɿĽ֮ŭһȴѸٵתԼľѧ뵽Լת·֮С
䡭
һ˿ߵϢͷųʱĻ֮·ǻΪµһһֺغƥ
κεһûĸ߹
һ
Ҷ쾪ϲЦ
ǡ
ڵֿ֮ŭѵĴ֮͵һĸоˣҶڣƺһֿµѣƺǺԼһģһƺǸӵľ


1885 Եһ
ãСҵ
֮ڵķӦ˹
һ֮УҶ˫ĿȴȻıɺ֮ɫ֮д޷᣺
֪̫ˣѣҹ
𡭡
ŭڳױҶŭˡ
¡¡
һֻֻ޴ӡʼγɣӡһΪϵӰǻ֮ŭɫ֮УݺЦҡҷˣŮ
Щ˶ΪϵĴڡ
ŷ򣬴ص
ʱҶľٶѾ׵ļŭأҪҶ쳹׵ѹ
ģʲôѣ֮ĩհ
֮ĺ
ȻǿȻֲǲİεĺǿĽ֮һԿͺһѻǹһ㣬Ȼɱܴ󣬵ûӵɱһذĳ졣

һֻֻľִǵϱ̲ŷŭӡӡͬһ˲񷡣
֮ĩգžһĴڶҪѹ죬ǲŻằĴѰֱΪ飬Ĳֻ࣬ڼͻʥ˼ʱŻѣСӣС군˰
е
ð㶼ôˣˣȴҲ׬˰ɡ
èӵĿһۣǲȴǱʾҲ
֪ƨĽѣүҲȥģڣ֮ĩգүȫʢʱҲδصܹȥģܹٶԿˣһ·¶Ͼˡ
ԭ̫ʮѪߵɫҲȻ쳣ʱҲоǿֲѹһֻֻӡÿһ̲صķָÿһӡŲǿߵȫһǱѰЩӡֻ˵ӡʲô˿Եֿˣ
Ȼ̫ĿֲˣԪʱڵû뵽ȻĿֲڵȴҪģʱ򡭡
Ҷ˫Ŀ˿˿â
䡭
վ֮·ҶΪеΨһ
衭ӣ
֮Ҳ̲סĿʼڵѾѹȥղŵֿ֮ŭĽѵʱѾ˴ˡ
ѾûжôˣȴҴõĻᣬڵȥԼɡ
Ҷ֣Ѹٵץסһâ
ңС֮ģ̲صĴ컯㾹ȻҶң
ҶһЦʱˣһﻹ˵룬ڵҶѾǱˮһսˣ˵סһεĽѣ˶ʧ껹һеһжʧҲˡ
˶ˣҪã
˵ҶѾ׵ķˣҪɾϵĴľ磬ӵҪԼ׵Ĵ
˫ص˫صͻƣ
ɣҪǵ
ҶǿеĽ֮ĸƿ뵽Լ֮С
֮Ѿʧȥ˵ֿ֮ڵҶƣǸӵľʵȻûԺҶԿ
㲻ú
ҶѸٵĴ˶Է֮󣬴֮Ĵһĺ
ú𣿡
ҶЦһȴ⡣
¡¡
֮Ľ뵽Ҷ֮УʱһĹʼת֮УƲɵͬǿһ㣬ϵҶ
Ҫѹңסǣ
һĽâ˸һö۴СƬĲ΢СС֣ÿһöС޲һǿϢʣȻǴ֮ĵıĿҶ޷Ĳ۴СһƬȻ̫ʮѪǿΪ֮ɵѡ
뵽ǿĹԷʩչֿͨҶҲЩȻˡ
оԼ֮еı仯ҶѾ֪֮ڱԼˣһĹϵ໥ĦһööСָǿʼһʥĹâ
䡱
Ͽ֮УһֻӡѾҶѹޱߵĹâ˸һֻȫΪȴҲΪµ
ǿѾҶΧһ˲Ļ촷ۣر³ĵڲ
Ҫ𣿡
Ҷ˫Ŀâ
ҹɡ
ҪͻƵ֮´ҶڶҪӴʹԼ
𡭡
һֻ޴Ĳ֮ɣһֻӡǾ޴ޱȣ·֮һ㣬һץʱҶıһµĻ
ۻɷʥʥ
Էƿ޴ӡն·Ҫؼﶼ׽Լһ㡣

ֻ޴ӡֱӵײһҶֻǸоԼһպľһ̣ѾˣԼѾĹѺۼѪŽԼһֱֻ۶Ҫ׵ɢˡ
ɣ
û˿ĲҶѾһҪˣȻûа취ŭĲȴ˳
¡¡
޴֮УٵѹСڳ׵ĳ뵽˵֮С
ҶȴһЦǸɺԵĸоϵĲš
ಡ
һֻ޴ӡȻֱӱҶ˽ȥ
ʲôǺεȵĹ죿
һֻӡһֻ۷ǿ߲ܹӳΪǿһҶ쾹ȻԴﵽ̶ȣûȫɵˣ
ҵǿģȥѹġ
Ҷŭһľ͵Ļûȡ޾ľ֮֮ľڵĿʼɱˡ
һٵذľĲ
һööӡÿһöӡ޾֮ͨɿĴ߶˲޲ҶҪ֮
䡭
ٴεıڵЩǳһööٴαƣ漴ٴβһֻ޴ӡûʱȴڿʼѸٵɡ
һӡû֮ɺԵڷ·һɳĮȱˮһ㣬̰˱е
͡
ֻƬ̵ʱѣһɺ嫵ȻѸٵ˳
顭
һ޴֡
Ҷ쾪㵵֮УֻһǳȻ貵ĹâıѣһȴûʧǻûΪһӰ
һӰģȴһǿҵϢһ֮ۡ
йâ貣ǳߣһ˿˿ʥַϢ
ǡʱˣ
Ҷ̲סĽе
ģ⵽˴֮ĵ֮ԴһžѧȻһξ޴ɱ䣿


1886 Ե
ãʵ廯ǿ
Ҷ˫ĿǿҵĹâԼɱ֮󣬴֮ĵĴٶҲӿ
һľڳˣΪȫµľÿһƺε̬ȴΪߵȵľ
ž죬׹ɭȻѪȴûʳһΣ쳣
𡭡𡭡
֣Ҷı޴Ӱ֡
ħ֮ǧǧ۷࣡
޴ӰʼγɣҶɱ䣬ͻԭۻɷʥ壬뵽߲εĵزΪĴۻɷʥҲҪɱ䡣
ǣһεǧǧ۷ԵҲһҪ뵽ۻɷʥļ󣬻˵໥ںϡ

Ҷ񷣬ĺ
̬
̫ʮѪ̲סĲ֪Сӵжôĵ죬ôĿǲ
֮Ĳӡ֣൱ڲȫʢǿߵȫְôǿҶ첻Եֿһɵˡ
̬
ԭǳ鴤ݺݵ˵
ǣƺоˣ
૵ĵ

䡭
Ӧ£һӡٴεĳ֡
¡¡
ٴεһ

ɢ貹âӡγɣһӡƺǿʼ񱩵ĳֺγˡ
ʮ
Ȼĳʮӡˣ
𡭡
ڷ˽Ƶͬһ㣬йҶ˫Ŀʥâ·֮Ϊһ㣬ѸٵĴ˲񷣬֮ϵһӰûа취ֿסҶâ׵Ķ
ɡ
쳹أͨڣ
žž
ٴεʮŵǳʼγɡ



Ҷ
ŵԭǶʼ¶ľ֮ɫ۸֮ĩգ
òǿ߿ĻҲ¶֮ɫǲĤݲɡ
ŵ̬ͻƽѣϷ񰡡
̬һʮı̬ΪʲôҪı̬
èĽеǽһĽʺް
һľѧСһ˴֮ĵ÷ʽʽ㹻ڴʱʩչزֶαѰҪǿһһǿ֮
ǿ޲ĸ̾
Ҳ֪ԼҶ˵ҲȱһΪԭ򣬲ŵЩһǱҶҪʧȥܶĻԵ
䡭
һööǳʼѣΪεӰЩӰÿһ൱ĿֲģЩӰΪϵϢݻǴﵽһذĸо
ǿƥ
Ҷļ¡Ȼ滹ɭȻİ׹ǣڵȴоԼϢ൱ĿֲǿһȭһƬһ㡣
žž
ֲֿӡǲǿߵȫһһӡΪǻ˳˿ֱӵıǶҶ˵𣬷ޱ֮УӿޱȵĴԼڲÿһļÿһļ⣬ÿһŵϸ֮УһĸоֻֿһƬ񷡣
䡭
ٴεĳһȻһֻӡγɣһֻӡֻȻǿʮϸӵĿֲңңĿȥһֻӡ໥Ľͷ·Ϊֲɽһ㣬ɽӵĿֲٲȻһС͵
һʱ˲ĺըҶϣʱҶоԼʼλǱžѪһ̣һеһжʼû

Ҷŭȵ
һֻӡܹΣԼҲԵ£ȻԵޱȿֲȻԵޱǿ󣬵ҶȴǿԳԵ¡
žž
һſŵǳڴΪӰһɹ˳ƵߣԽ׳Щɲ򵥣ǲһεҸӵĿֲϾҶӴ֮ԽնɱǿߣʱĴ֮ҲѾ׵ķѵˣЩӵµȫΪҶĺ֮䣬ǿԶ񷡣
ݻΪΪ߲εϵÿһļµϣϳΪȫµԭǿ
ҵǿƥҵһжתҵĸϵ
Ҷ˷ܵĽе
ò˷ܣΪоԼڷĽţԼԼϵˣޱȵǿ󣬻֮Ѳ񷣬ֻֿժȡǳ
¡¡
֮ϵһӰ׵ķŭʱڵı׵ļŭˣҶ첻ֿסǵĳ֣ҾȻǵ˲Ʒ޷ܵģܹܵġ
ѹ
·֮һʼ֣Ϊϵԣںһ㣬Ǿ̫ʮѪǶ֪ʲô˼Ȼ̫ʮѪǵҪϡ
Ҷȴú
һڿʼɱ䣬ɱ䵽˼£ǴﵽһΰĵزʱҶ֮䶼ԴԴϵĺѸٵתԼ֮С
䡭
ڵʱҶı޴ӰҲ˱仯ڵﵽһٽˣۿžҪ׵ͻˡ
ǣ
оԼӰħ֮ǧǧ۷ı仯֮Ҷɫݺݵ
ǾȻ໥ںһ
ǵģ׵ںһ
ôܣ
Ҷɫһ䣬޷ŵĽе
ǧǧ۷ħ֮ȫĲߵģȴںһʵĳ
ѵ˵Ϊҵ뵽ԼҺԼ໥ںһԭ𣿡
Ҷ̲סĽе
ȴķԼڵͻơ
ǵģϵͻƣ
ڴԼڵıһ󽫻γһֶôµĴڡ
ҶԾԾԵĽе
֮ϣһӡ໥Ľ𽥵γΪµľɱ󣬶ʱĿʼһХ
ƻХŭ
ɣ
䡭
һΣ֮ĩһγ֣ӡϵĳˡ
¡¡
޾йÿһֻӡԻһǳһ򣬵ȴȫҶ쿹סҶĳܿ顣
ͻơ㣡
һ˿УҲȻķ貵ĹâһɫĹâѤ䡣
ʱȻҲͻˡ
䣡
ƺƵȻ޾Ŀ
ɣ
һľ·ǹĳһٵӿϢȻеյȫա
һһ񻰣
̫ʮѪ૵
ب֮䣬ĻԵϵ컯
ԭǳ鴤


1887 ޴ջ
㣬ؽΪã
Ҷž죬֮Уһ޴Ĳľڻһ̫ͬɽĹľƣÿһƶڲϵĲͷųΪǿҵĹâЩâ˸ݻ֮Ҷ֮С
ľʱѾٵĽˣΪһÿµ֮Ҳˣڷıŷţݻ̲ҶҪĵ
žž
һĿֲڿٵĳ֣ĽҶ޲
γɵĿֲҶһϢ
ǵģ飬Ϊϵ飬ƿص顣
ˡ
һƲȫ
ԭѵ֮ƴﵽ˾ʮΣȻһʮεĵزʮʮƣһ£һʮȴһǧٱļӳ֣һֲٶȣҶţǴ۷ǿߣԼҲԷʰ
֮ľ硣
һĪջ񣬿˵һʵɱ䣬Ӵ̫ž뵽˴֮죬Ż˵ҪѸͺͿ¡
Ȼ˵ǿ󡣡
ԼȭͷҶ
ʵϣҶ첢Լһεɱ䣬ȫΪӰ෴ǣܴһֵĳ̶Ϊһȫµת״εĽ໥ںϣɹĽЩ׵תӶԼ
εıڰҴ֮ҲǳصģԷҲϵͿֲǱ֮ıϾԪʱһµʱʱڵĹ޷ȥ϶Էʷ
ȻȡһֵĴֻ֮һƬȴޱȿֲ˵ģ
̲صϵͿµϢҶȻ޷ȥ򣬵ԵĿϼȴԴвϢ
ջκεһ˶޷ȥ󵽵ġ
֮ģǺεȵǿ֮ҲٴεµˣѰҵĴ֮ģԵûܵģ˵Ѱҵʹ֮һȼ֮
Ҷ̲סЩûʧ
һǿߣ׷ɱҿ൱Ǳһǿɾʲô˵ʲôˣҵҪεܹҶԿ
Ҷ˫Ŀ˿˿âؿ˵
ǵģڵҶȷʵֵýʱ
ҶƾŴ̫žΪͿԺͻЩǿĴǿ߶ԿԼΪ֮ǿߣʮǿҲԼĶֵġ
ˣȻûܵģڵҶɲֶֻΡ
ȼܸߣǱǲǿ߶ҪǿһЩǿ߸Ǹ߼
һʮȫˣһǧٱļӳЧǻεǿ󣬵ȴҲҶĶ֡
߲ҲȻıǣԭǧ֮ĵزﵽһ֮ĳ̶ȣȻֹ
ž
һ׵ıˡ
Ҷ쿴ԼȭͷȻֻһգȴÿռ䶼Ҫѵ̬ڲ
ˡ
ȥֻһĻС
һضµĻһǿϢͲһǧǧĿĻÿһֻ۾ͬ˸İһ㣬һȫµֲۣۡ
ǡ
Ҷ΢΢һ
ʱĸоԼüѾһ˿䣬Ԫ֮ٴεĸıˡ
ۣۣ֮֮
ٴεĳǻȥʱķ֣һһ޴飬࣬ǧǧ֮Уÿһֱֻ۶ŷǱѰĿֲƻϣһӰ˸ΧȻӰС
ǲҫϵĻ󣡣
ҶＤĽ
һȥԭǧǧ۷񣬵ʵȴˣԷ岻ߴ󣬶ÿһĿռ䶼ŷǱѰҶ޷ֻչĻһֶôֲ¾۷ǿߣԼҲʸͶԷȥġ
ף൱ĵ֮һ㣬ʥ尴ҵĳ̶ȸܴﵽģһҲֻǽԼʥµĲΣĻȻﵽĵزѵ˵
ҶһļѸٵĲ鿴Լ
ֻڲһӰչ֣ЩӰһúʵ֮УⲢɵģΪӴ໥ɵġ
ֲϵйҶڣһһľ
һӰǳһĺۼתţĵĵطԦ̫ʮѪʥӤɢ֮ͬƣ֣
ЩӰࡢ׻䷨ȸ࣬޲һֵ̬
򵥵˵ҶٴεΪһΰĹȣһĹȡ
Դ棬һ֮Ϊʵʣ޵֮ϵĴ߶Ҷǻ˼¡
ҫâ֮ͷųϢ
񲢷ֱ֮ΪĹ飬ΰޱȵĴڡ
ҵѾﵽʥĵزʥֻйϵſӵУҾȻ˳ϵѾһ֣ǿƥǿԺضԿ֮žԵȨڴƷΰڵļ֮ȡǵһּ䣬ʥǱѰ׬ˣת˰
Ҷ˷ܵĽе
׬ð
飡
ԭֱӵĴŰ˲ͼ֮гҶԴһ
Сȫڵɪ
û˵
̫ʮѪҲǺ
ȫһ⣬
Ҷ̲סĿЦ
⣿ȫƨˡ
èӵ˵
⼸һȴԵΪҶо˷ܺͿģϾһΣҶĳɳˣǻع鵽˾֮ҲδػẦЩǿߡ
ľ磬ȴŲſԴﵽΣǱǵȼҪ߳٣ƾһǧٱļӳ֣߲ﵽһ֮ĵزµļһﰡʥȻûвԣҲûʩչǹϵϢȴǿû߰
һĽ֮ɫ˵
⣬ȫһ⡣
ҶЦ˵
ֵǫװƣ
èٴαһѾġ
ȻҶĻ൱ıӡ


1888 ٻ
׻ĴȰˣʵջ
ƷһվͷϴһڣȻӣȴµĺۼǾڣһİɫȫĲʺѾһϢ
Ҷû˵ֻھվ
ʱȻվȴһʥϢΪ뵽ʥԵʡ
׵Ϣͬһ㣬޾Ĺ⻪˸٣ʥ֮ȻΪ֮ע⡣
෴˭Ҳ뵽ǸȥһƷȻٸԵĽ̻ʡ
ˡ
Ҷ˵
ոյ£һҲ֮쳹
Ѿع鵽˻֮УҴʱֵĵطһѧУſڣҶҪѰҵĵط
ԼҶѩڴ˵ء
һε֮Ҷǽ뵽һΰľ֮У־ʱĶԴϢһе١
֮۲ҪչԿһ˵ԼΧת
ʵﵽĳ־֮ﵽһֿµֱ
һΪڵҶ޷ȥĴĦˡ
ţħҶһۣаԵĸ̾һ
ԴС֮ʱҶѾ൱ĲˣƮƮɵĸо·ʱĶҪطһ㣬ҺãϢѹϵͬһȻһĸоȴ·Ǻ涼ںһӡ
硭
һöһ൱ǿҵĴ̼Уͷ·׵ļһ΢һ㡣
Ҷѩ߸ĺѣǸΪƵŮ˹
ƵСһֱźɫȻƺϱֵΪ档
ѧˡ
ҶЩ̫ϰߵĿҶѩ
ԷֱӵסҶֱۣȵӶʱΧЩ·һ顣
ǵĴУȻˡ
Сϸÿû뵽ǵУȻῴء
ǰ찡ûڣ
Χ˵ĻҶѩ˿Ĳ⣬Ҷ죬Ҷѩһ൱ǿҵĸ飬ƾѪϵϵɡ
ðСּˡ
ƷһϡĿҶѩЦ
ð塭
Ҷѩǿ˵
󡭡塭
ƷһĶ£̲סĿʼڵϻȦ
㡭
ҶóһҶѩ˵
õһǿػҶѩİȫ
Ȼ֮УҶڵӰԣû˵ȥ˺ԼˣҲҶΪ˰ȫòȥȥలһЩ
ҵ𣿡
ɫıʯɱʮ㣬ʱҶѩ¶˾ϲɫ

Ҷص˵ͷĽҶѩϡ
оԷڴѪĲһְĵĸоС
ˡ
֪ȥ˶֮ҶŻؿ˵
ߣ
ڡߡҶѩ൱УŮеֱҶѩоҶźܶܡ
硭Ҫ뿪𣿡
ҶѩͻȻĽ
ʱ뿪һʱ䡣
Ҷ컺ؿ˵֪ΪʲôҶͻȻһֳ嶯뿪ĬĬؿԼˣָоĺܺá
Ǿٶ࣬ǵԼ˰ԼˣҶȴǣָ޷ȥҲ޷ȥĨɱ
㲻ȥ𣿡
Ҷѩ˵
лĻһȥġ
Ҷת뿪
ߣ
ָоĲǿҡ
硭
ҶѩѪĽ
ҶһĲȴѸٵ̤뿪һһ㣬ʧԭ
һһԵƿޱࡣ
硭
ҶѩٴεĽоҶһε뿪½ԶһֲԤС
Сѩˡ
һº͵ֻҶ֪ʱߡ
֡ˣҸоˣΪʲôָо
еҶѩرסҶһ֮ɫһ˫ĿҲˮ䡭
ҶȻĲ֪ıһעԼȴԸоܰϢԼ
࣬ᱻ壬ʥ˼ǿ߱Ҫ飬ұҪֹҪ䣬౻Ϊʳ˶ȻĲܹƿأһʱ䣬ڱŬҵˡҪң
Ҷ˫Ŀ˿˿ɺ죬Եĺ
֮Уǳ˸·ͬʰҰֹâ˸̬ԵޱȵľףһеһȻԵ൱ƽ
ǼӰȴȻʱգĲ
Ҷ˫Ŀ˿˿ɺ죬һͷ׷趯ǰ˿ûƣһ˿谭ĸоûС

ҰΧľף̲סĽûк£෴Ǵһֺĸо
ǳֵĵطǻǣ˵ǰɣҪȥܴܲѰҵĶ
Ҷ컺ؿ˵
Ҳо򲻼򵥣ȴ˵ĸо
ţħ˵
ֲʱѾֳԭΣ޴ֲϢƷһĲ
ϵӴʲôﰡţ𣿡
˵ѾֹһεĿʼ¶һ̽ĹâҲţħβϺţȴţħһ߷ɳȥ
顭
˵ٶȺܿ죬ڵҶ޵Уµ߲Ѿﵽһ֮ĵزתħߵĲ·ʵһ㡣
ɼ趯֮У˿˿â˲ĿԽһеơ
䡭
ԼǰһСʱʱ֮ҶţħƷԼҰѾ˻档
ǹݺᣬһ־׵ĸоǿµ¶ȴҲţ̹ǣƷŴСĿš
ϾҪɲһ׵鰡ҪĲֻǿҪµҶԼƷڵȻϣȴҲúķ൱
ǲ࣬޷ϵĲ࣡
֮˸Ҷ쾲վ
䡭
һĲ˳֮дһڸǵĿֲϢƥԼĿԸһ־׵ĸо·ԼȫԡһַǷĲ֮УȥϴԼ
֫ٺϵķžǸоԼĽǶԽĴ
Ǿ֮ôܣϴθûΪʲôһȴˡ
Ҷļڱκ˶ΰһּ֮Ǳ˽ĸˣڵ˲㲶׽
ߣ
ͻȻҶ첶׽͵һƷţħҰѸٵĳһȥ


1889 ǳ»
¡¡
͵һ䣬ͬ죬Խһеֲ̬Ϣ˲ҶԽĺ
ˡ
Ҷֹͣһطܿһǿ񱩵ĲȴԽԽԽԽֲ
ۣ֮
ҶüһԴ棬һԲĺۼɣҫӳֲ֣ޱȣһеһжʱ
ֻһйϵĽݳǰͨһϷǷĺۼֺۼµĵ
ôܣ
Ҷһ㶡
֮оȻһۼǰʱԼûпΪʲô
ȥ
ҲûҶ㳯ŶԷȥ
һݿȥʵȴޱһ㣬Ҷ̤֮󣬹ٴεķˣԭðĴڣھȻʵ廯ӡ
ʲô
ţħ̲סһ½
ԭǰһ˲ĳ֣ȫʵ廯ǿҵĳ̲סһ³֡
񼣣ȫ񼣰ϵ˼ѵĴ𣿡
ƷĴ鶼˫Ŀ֮дž֮ɫĽе
泤
Լ˰Сʱʱ֮ţħ̲ס¶˳ɵɫôȥȫûоͷһ㡣
Ǵȴֽߡ
ѵ˵
Ҷ΢΢һ
漴˫ֽӡһɺ嫵ӿƣ
һ֣ȴͬƽ𣬿ֲǷƺƵĿʼӿ˲Ŀʼֺͱ
䡱
һ죬׶ޱߵĺƽһ㳯ܷľ־ٶȺǿ£Ҷ춼û뵽ԼһӡǾȻ˿ֲĲ
žž
һҲʱˡ
ֻԭȥӵĽݣʱȻǱɭȻ࣬͵Ļһһ㣬ѸٵĳҶ˷Ť
ǻ󣬸ģղŵһжǼٵģ
Ҷһ
ԷȻԼֶۣ֮ѾǱѰĿֲˡ
һԼڲ֪ľϵ˾˵ֶθ˿ֲ
䡭
һ޴ٴεĴһȻѾĽ洫ͳ൱ͣҶ챾˶оԼЩȥƿء
飡
ţħǾ޴ѸٵķɣһҶҲ޴˳ȥ
ˡ
Ĳʼγɣһſŵǳâ˸İΧסһž޴ǳǳ˿˿䲨°ϢѸٵĴݳ
»⾹Ȼ»
Ҷĺȵ
ˡ
ϣ
Źֵٴγ֣ͼǱĦײһ㣬Ҷ켸˵弴̵ı𣬶㳯һȥ
ͨ
Ӵҵ

ҽһ֮УֻƷƨɳϵţħǿֲ彫һֱӵѹȥһڵȵ̬
ҶɵĿΧ
ﻨ㲻˵ﾹȻһֵ֮һȫոµĿռ䣬һ滨Χ˱ǣһĵĲ

ٴεĳһȥʱҶ쾪ȵķ֣ԼǰһУģԼԭǸȫһ£ֻԵСһЩ
ʲôط
ţħӿƷǰĴس˵
֪ǴﴫģղŵһͨӦñһ󣬶൱Ĺ죬ҿԵĸоĳԷ⴫֮ſµɱ⣬ƺڽ䱸ʲôȴûжǳ֣
Ҷ΢΢һ

Ʒ͵ĽԴӵϰγһе
֮ϣһǳתΧһҫ»˸תʱıһˮɫâ
Ƿһǳ֮
ôǳ֮
ҶҲݺݵһʵΪǿһ۱㿴תǳ֮УһµĺۼЩۼһǿģҪߵ˼·кתϵȥԼǳ֮
ӿԻӴǳ֮ǳĴԼڿţ»мתţЩǳ棬һƬţݻΪ޾ǳ֮
֮пһ
Ҷ֮ۿٵ˸ţĽһȫĶ쵽ˡ
֮УЩǳ֮⣬ҲûĶ
һĸоء
Ҷ΢΢һ֪ΪʲôоһϢƺϢһϤС
䡱
ڵǳ֮ѸٵĿʼ
Ҷٵ̤գĳǴȥ
ʡ
ĸо䳹ͷ
ΪʲôֵĸоûгֹȴһϤУָо̫˵㣬˵Ϊҵǳ֮Ե𣿡
ڵġ߱ħϵζţԴӽתٴεݻγڵֱ֮Ϊ֮ȡľѧ֮Ҷڵǳ֮ڰȫµľѧתˣǡ߱ħڻٴεζĿԡ
ڵָоȴǶԷתļ
Щǳ֮ʵ»֮ڴȥǳ֮˵»֮󡭡
ţħһɫ»֮ȥ֮жϵ
ôӴ»֮ڴүĪĺô
ôӴ»֮ţħ˫ĿȻ¶һĨĵɫ
衭
ħţ֣ŭѸٵĽ뵽У»֮ʱʼ뵽֮С
»֮ȻȥԵͣȴϾҲǳһ֣ŷĲʹȻġ
һƷһһܵģʱĳȥ

һĲҽɢ˳
ţħƾǿ»֮ȴƷҲԣĲҽ֮УӴ»֮ȴѾϿʼȥϵĴĽǣӵ֫ٺ֮С
ˡ
ƺǸо»֮ڱļһʹãʱڴڲЩǳ»ʼһľѸٵɡ
һµŷĹâѸٵĳ߳ȥ
ã
ҶʱĽе
飡
ƺͶԷݺݵײһ𣬷貵Ĺâһ֮Ҷ˫ĿȴɵùԲ
ֻԼһɺ嫵ǳ֮ȻʼͶԷ罺Ĺһ

˲Ҷ뵽һˣһŮˣһޱȵŮˣ
Ů˾ȻҲ˵ϣ
ҶĽп಻Ľе
ߡȻ㣡
һҲʱȻĳˡ


1890 
ѩƮһ˿˿Ĺ⻪˸һɫ·Ϊµɵһ㣬һķ˸
Ĳ˼ķˣͬһλŮ֮Ůһ㣡
һ˫ɫűĹâصĹ⻷֣ӣС죬΢΢չ㹻֮һзΪ֮ʧɫһеһȫ֮Уչ

Ҷһ㶣ȴһֲԤС
û뵽Ů˾ȻҲҶôһϤϢ
Լ񹬵УΪԼӺػŶԷİ֮ˣ˵뵽УǵȴŮˡ
ҲˣԼˡ߱ħŮ˵ȴҪնɱԼԼƺǻڶԷռ˲ٵıˡ
С椣þò˰
ҶǿſԼͣЦ˵
С椣Լռ˲ٵıˣΣ֮еʮ㣬ǵҶ춼ȥĸо
ָеʮ㣬һǷǵҶ컹һֳĸо
û뵽㾹ȻԽ뵽ҵڻû
֮еɱ䣬Ҷȴûз֣ڶԷ֮ƺǴһֵϲֵֻϲ΢Ҷ챾˶ûио
˵صŮӶûз֡
Ҷ޼ɵĿŶԷȷе˵ǿŶԷһԱ⣬뵱ԼȻͶԷйһνӴҲֻǶԷѣ˵ָоǲ㹻ʵģȴҲɿԸоŮ˽ʱ֮ۺ
Ĺڿ
Ůӵ˸˿˿âϻسһ˿Ļ
Ҳû
Ҷһ̬˫Ŀȴ޼ɵĿš
衭
һħţŭһ֮УţħѾٵĳɳֲϢʼѸٵͷ˳
ָоϢһﾹȻҲҪһǷĽףҵٶȶҪѸͣ
оţħݳϢҶ૵ĵ
ϢûдģһֲֿޱȵϢǿ죬ǿԴﵽһ˺ѲĲ
Ϣֻڴ֮ĲſӵС
ţħʵҲֻڴ̫žĵزˣȴ뵽˴ľ磬Ҳ̫Ŀ˵ɣ
໡
Ʒ﷢ĽϵϢҲڱǣֱǷǱԭǧ򱶡
»֮
Ҷ˫Ŀ˾˵Ĺâ
»ľ裬ÿһζ㹻̥ǣһһħ̥һȻȴһǿǱȻҽҵ»ȫɵ
ˣ֮ȴûҪֵģ
¡¡
֮ϣһֲĲʼɣеĽѿʼۼˡ
𡭡
ɫƿʼ׵˸ٵķڡ

Ůӵ촽ĺȵ
һ֣ȴ·һ㣬Ǿ춯صĲ˲Ŀʼ˳޵Ŀֲǿᡣ
䡭
ת漴ɢֻһȣȴ·Ǹоʲô˼һ㣬˲ɢٶȱҶɽٵʱӵɡ
⡭Ҳ̫ˣŮ°
Ű˲ͼ֮У̫ʮѪһ￴һĻ޷ŵĽе
ܿµŮˣСӾȻǵһһҲ֪ǲ̫ùԭ򡣡
ԭ֮У֪ΪʲôƺǴһֵֻĲһ㡣
ǰСƺҪùˣһϲּ鰡
໣ˣҶ٣ҾȻ뵽˴̫žľ簡ٶȣٶƺ̫ˡ
ƷɪĽе
ȻֻǴ̫žһľ磬ȴҲ㹻԰ˣϾ˵Ҷ춼ҪѸˡ
ǰ൱Ѹٰ
ţħҲ૵ĸ̾
ﵽ˴֮ľ磬һһһɰԵ֮
ߣ
Ůӵתâ˸
СӣΣûˣ
Ҷʱһ㶣
ʲô
飡
һֻѸٵĳ֣һ㣬覣˫֮ȴɭȻϢޱߵɱ¾ֲ֮Ϣ·ҪﶼҪѹһ㣬ײеɿľۼֻת˲ѣȻҶţħԼƷҰ
¡¡
һɫɣмٵĳɳһ֮УҶţħһĻᶼûֱӵıɫи˽ȥ
ȻѾ˵ľˣ֪һﵽܹﵽʲôزڵ»޷ɱԷһΣȵҵ֣һҪնɱ
䡭
Ļﻺ£ĴȻȻĳһɭȻĺ⺮⾪ˣѸٵȥת˲ѣ㽫һеһг׵İ
䡭
Ů˲ɢɢһĹѿʼɣǴĿռ䶼ʼݣȫʧˡ

Ʒ򷢳˼е֮оͷ·һĲУڱǿеȦȦһ㡣
ҶԦϵϵĿʼӶ
ռ֮
ѸٵͷųԼռڴﵽʮ׵ķΧֲʵıǣռ֮ҲˮǴߡ
ŮˣȻһ֮գǴ˳ȥ֪ǵѣ
Ҷʱǳһ֮ͨУȻصŮƿǹˣֻصŮ˶Լƺĳֿµɱ⣬Ȼ˵һκܵҶȴԸоĳ
ǰ˵ƺǵˣǶ˵ȴǾԵĳУٺٺ٣ԹȻ
ܹôļһֻһ
ǿŮӴɣ꣡
èҲޱĻԼеצ˵
ҶѾĺݺݵرһָ
󲻶ϵĴŮӵĴȻҶ˵͵ޱңԶ
ΧһſɢЩʱӴ˸ҶҲ̲סһֵľȡ
µĵطȻ˾˵ĲЩԪ֮ӦҲſµ
𡭡
һֻѸٵĳ֣һԪ֮չ
һֻ޴ӡŴصϢ֮Ĳ
ǿߣȴֻдΪү
ţħԼţӣ޵׳󣬱һ޴ħţֳŭ𣬾ȻһƬѡ
䡭
ֲķ籩ʱγˡ
áţħð
ҶͻȻɫһ䡣
ΧͨʱһƬѺݣǿֲ̬ҶεĲ֪ΪţħˣѾԭͨˡ

Ʒ򷢳ĲҽԵøĴ̶


1891 ٰ
Ⱥɽݺ֮䣬һԪŨʮɢţ϶ʥϢӳȥɼת֮γ˵
ΪԪ̫ʮԭɵġȺɽۣ֮ƣ·һϵ񽣣Ȼ
ϢޱȵĿֲӿȵĲ
Ҷ쿴ǰֵһУ֮¶һĨĹâһֻĲ
Ϣ򡭡վǻˣ
񷣬ȺɽǿֲԪԼʣһʱҶһΰĸо
·һеĳֻת˲ѣƺξһ㡣
ǻһѹɱǱƲѵӳ˰򣬵ȴٴεĻˡ
˫Ŀ֮Ȼ˸µââ貣ǳ˸ͬ涼â֮һ㣺ڣȴԭǸ۸ˣ
û뵽ǰ򰡣Ԫʵ̫ˡ
Ʒ¶˼ɫһڵʵﵽ˴̫žһľ磬һһʮĺ˼һʱôݣǻԵɺ֮¾Ȼܵ»Ĵﵽ˴̫žľ磬Ҳɡ
ţħ΢΢Լ촽֮к䣬Ȼ뵽˵ս൱Ĳˬ

ҰĽʱžһĿֲԪϵĻ۵ϡ
һīԪ֮УŸԪīԪҶȴҶ΢΢һ㡣
ƺǺڰһﾹȻɱ䣿
ҰϵϢԵԽһﾹȻҲҪɱˡ
顭
ҶĻոյʱҰ徹Ȼһɫ˿ߣ˿߿ʼȻγһͬǺڰĴڡ
¡¡
޴ĺ֮ҰһȻıþ޴ͬһֻɫҰţһ޴
飡飡
ǰ֫ݺݵ̤棬޴ݺݵؽ̤γĺۼ

žž
ڵҶԴ֮УҰȻٵ˫Ŀī֮ɫ
ƣ
ҰҶһĳ鴤ûдĻղҰƺеԡ
¡¡
ڵŵһĹâ˸
һӰŷǺڰĸ߼ƿûӰԵڵ
̴Լһӵʱ֮󣬶ҰŻػָƽһĹëʱѾ˹â˸̬ÿһë·һǿҵĲУü֮Уһֻ۾ͬһССԨһ㣬ϵźɫ
үˡ
ҰһεҲʱƷţħҶ춼͡
Ϣ
ٴεĿһţħƷҶɫѾȻı
Сң˭ģǺεȵĴడ
ƷһѱסҰĲӣĿ
үģĺˣڴүǰװ
Ұû˵
㾹Ȼң
Ʒ˫ĿɵùԲ
ϻүǶôĴడǲΪһյôӣ
ҶоĳҰʵڴԼڴǾľ硣
Ǹ̬ŮˣѼЩ»ֱ֮ǼذҰʵԭСմȾһЩ»֮ѣȻԴﵽڵزҲֲ̫˵ɣҶȴ֪Ұ֮ԻѸٵıǿֻΪȡһֵ»֮ԭ⡣
졭찡ɿ
Ҷ΢΢һֻƷҰҧסԴҰβǱƷץУݺݵš
ˣǸø·ˡһҪСĵ㣬ҰƷǵʵ֮㲻ʲôһĳ˵ˣҪȥͷĺܲҵģ
ǰɣҸоڵǿ̻ʩչȾʩչؼʩչ
ƷСĿҶ˵
ߣҶ챾˶ΧΪǱʵģ
ţħʱԴΪӣֱӵ˵
ðɣӮˣƷε˵ҲʼһĨ䱸֮ġ

һͻȻĴֻҰ֪ʱȻ֮Ⱥɽ֮У˲ҧסһֻѾľ޴ߣĽ˳
߷Ťţ˲ȴҰüе۾һɫâԴһĶţʧȥ˷
ƺһֻѪħ߰ɣȼҲôﵽ˴Ǿ۷壬һﾹȻԽɱҰƺҲΪذ
ţħ૵
Ҷص˵ͷĳҰüе۾ƺǴ֪Լ񵽵Щһÿһ൱ǿ󣬶ÿһޱȵ
ͳˡ
ҰʮĽе
ߴԼǧ׵ĳȣˮͰϸĵز㹻һʳˡ
Ҷʩչ֮ܿѾˣϴӵĵϣζĺܡ
塢ζϸ壬ڵ޷Ѱҵζ
Ʒ򷢳Ĵʳ
̲֮ԪȻǵϵԱġ
һ֮Ҷ漴ѡ·
ôĹųǰôĹųǾ϶δڹ̾ĵĳѾ֮ˣڿӵĿֲƷǰһųǣ̲סĽе
ȻֻһУȴٴεķָγɵСǻеġ
СǣҶҲҲǵϵĽȥġ
ţħΪε̬ҰǱһֻͨ˹ģϾţħʵ̫עˡ
꣬ǲʳ˳㶫ȻҺǷ϶㲻˰ɣ
һһഫһҹģСľ¥ĳ֣һӰݺݵشӾ¥д˳
һѪصĺ䵽˵ϡ
үү
һĽ
ֻһŮߵĳĳԼүүߡ
ŮģȥʮģȻͲ󣬵ȴ㣬Ǵģ
࡭
ߵıסԼŮеķŭͱʹ޷
ΧȻڿţȴûһ˵ҷ
ôģȻǲʳ϶Ҳʲô˵ǣ㻹ΪһǰһǿѾӹ֮гˣ
һ׵սʿ¥гΪ׵һ˴ԼʮģĽ֮ɫڿΪŮ֮ʱһ漴¶һĨЦݡ
С椵ǲ
ǰӳСȻͲ󣬵Ǹ÷ĵطѾˣ㿴ƨɣ̵ͦĺܰһǸ
ıһмսʿҲ˵Цݡ
ˡ
ڼ˴ŮѰٵʱͻȻķһ춯漴ļɫ΢䡣
ʳټͷˣߡ
˵ļ˲Ҵ⣬ѸٵĴһսٵ뿪


1892 仯
ǰⲻʳһͳʱҪѵûε𣿡
¥ĻưС߽˾¥
ߣȥȱơ
Ҷ쵭˵
ֻ뿪˰򲻹һʱѣһƺǱ൱󰡡
֮УⲻʳûΪӵı٣˱øӰԵҶԽ
ʱ¥֮еҲʼ
ôĻ쵰ѵ˵ҪһȺ쵰ƿ𣿡
ͻȻһ˴ĺ֮дŲ
ǺܿıһͬסˣƺǶڰޱȵļɵ
ⶼΪʲôѵ˵ûε𣿡
˿ͷҲʹ˿ʼ̾ʱ¥ʼ׷׵
ʳǿĺܣӸǰԵĺܣû֮ǰʳޱȽģȻˣǱǿ߷׷׵ĳ֣ǿ߷׷׳ǹǻƿʳǻʲôˣǿǴ֮ǿߣһﰡǰȷʵˣ죬Ǹ޵У˭˵ҺǶԿЩϵļҲȥ׵ĺǽ֡
ʵǲеĻҾȥĴԪֻҪоԪһ㻹ǿģȻҪԶ磬ȴҲһ£һԹðһ㡣
ϢѾָ˲ٵε̾Ϣ
үүѵľûε𣿡
ţħ˴ڵĺȾƳ⣬Χƺû⡣
Ǻǣⲻʳǲʵģɨһе谭ǲʳҲ˳Ϊһ棬˭˵ǣ߻ؿ˵
һʱ¥ʼžֻţħһ˻ڴĳţҶȴҲע⵽
ϲ˵ĲⲻʳνƼӺεȵǿᣬһ죬ﳼ
ǰСӸӵĿֲССȴΪ󽫣ǿֲĺܡ
ЩҲûб仯ϾʳǿҲ˹ǵķӦҵĴСȵõԶʱڵһУڴ˵ѾźʹǿߴսһӲܵļ¼ˣҿΪǿĹ֮һˡ
ǰǻƽĻƽСүȻɽ¶ˮȴҲµĺܣһһ̫ž۷ĹǿߣһǹɨĪУ
ǱҲ˲ţΪʩչһ֮Ȼ˺ʮλͬǿߡ
壬һλӶ겻׵ĴǿҲˡ
ЩСѾʼˣʱȻҲȫǲʳԭ򰡣
ȨѾŹǿʼˣκΰʵ죬˵ԿȥĻҲδؿԺͶԷϵģڵĹҲûôİ
ǰİ򱻲ʳԵʱ
ž
Ǳ֮Ϊϲ߿ԼŮؿ˵ʵҲδûε˲ʳģ
Ů϶ʱ¶һĨɫ
ôܣϲ𣿡Ȼ˶Կʳ˷׷׵
ϳ˻ɺͺɫ
λƺ˰֮ǰһ˰һʱе޲¶˾ɫǵԺ֮޲һӰ
ѩ裬Ѫͫؿ֣ϲﻺؿ˵
үү˵˭
ŮЩֵʵ
ΪŮĿΧ˱仯ɫЩȡ
Ҷһصľţϲ¶׷ɫؿ˵
ҶǰǸţֱǿĲˣ˵Ҳ¶׷ɫ
㣬޵УһŭѪǧǺεȵĿ֮ˣǾĴڣҶǰȴҲʵʵĳԱӶǿеնɱǺεȵĺ飬εȵľް
ССͣǿǿߣȴҲ⣬Դ첻𾳵Ϊ͵Һʹǿ߶Կϣڴ̫žΪ֮ʱͺնɱǿߣӣĲʳ֮Уеǿߺֹǧ
ȥˣʵ
һе޲¶һĨεɫ
ˣ
ϲһĨϧ
ˣ
СϹ˾㵵ɫȻû뵽־Ȼӵġ
ǰˡߣһȺϼһԴСȻΧҶҶʹ֮ͨܣʣϾ̫Сˣ޷ͻǿ߶Կģڰǰˡ
ˣҶҲ㹻԰ˣնɱӣǺĲʳΪаɷӣȴ˺飬ⲻȿȥġ
ǰŴһͷţһħ̥ҶҲǴ֮޴ıأʱǻϵĳ֣ҲΪԭɡСĵ㣬ʱǧĲҪȥ̸ⲻʳ̫࣬ǻ𣬴˵ʵǱѰ֮˿ɵа
ҶŵĻ˵ķ𣿡ǰĻٸҶһʱĻҶĳɳӵĿµĵʱĻǲ֪¹˭ء
ߡ
һߴ
ֻһѾ¥
һϵϢһַǱѰĿֲϢվҪǿնƿһ㣬Ϊ׵һ˸ӵĿ£Ȼᣬȴһǿ֮ԷһϢ˸ƺȺЧ
˾ͽǿߣΪ֮½ǿߣΪ˾ͽƣʵδ֪ǴŴ˵õ˾ͽһλǿߵĴа
ߣʲô˲ģʱ˾ͽ屰ޱȣҲΧҶնɱ˾ͽҲǲ
ǰȻ˿佱ҶǵȻǲˬĺˡ
˵Ҷ٣㵱ʱȻôţư
ƷһĿҶʵ
ǼһﲻǾߵѣǸʱĻ֪˭ء
ţħĽе
ƴˣһұʳǿΧˣ˾ͽƺǿԴлٰңңҶһ
ңңҶ쵹вСĺøУϾԷǽеļûгֶԸԼļ壬ȻԼеᣬȴҲû飬Լռ˲Сıˡ
ҳˡ
֮Ҷ쵭˵ߡ
һû갡
Ʒ̲סһ鿾е
ҰֱӵһѸٵ뿪
ںԼŮ廳ͷͻȻǳ֮һӰ֮£΢΢˸
΢ϤӰߵɫʱһ䣺
ܵģ


1893 Ųʳ
үүô˰Լүүɫ䣬̲סĽ
ûʲô
ϲ¶޷ŵɫȴεҡҡͷ˵
ЩãȻĳž¥ǰȥƺһӰڻʧ
Ǹˡû𣿡ϲ˵֮ƺǴһĨڴͼ
ȥ𣿡
ţħԼţβҶʵ
Ҳʱˣⲻʳ˾Ȼ˵ţĳⱳӦΪڱԵʣڴĻǽҸˣһﻹΪѾˣ֪ڼҳǰʱһεȾģ
뵽Ҷ쵹Ϊһ˿Ȥζ
¡¡
ؾޱ䣬ռڲļѹƻγһֲݺۼΪײ֮ƻ̫ǿԵʡ
𣡡
һ˳֮дһ޷ڸǵķѪϢ
𣡡
ңңһľ֮ѸٵĲֲŭ֮У־˵ıƻٴεĴ˳
һϵĳУеĳŴʱѾƻһ࣬ѾΪʧص״̬ڳǽ֮ϣһĺۼ޲ڷƻţǿƻѰɵġ
ϡ
Ħˣ֮У»ǳƶһ޴ʥվǾ޴ıЩʥΪϺͼӲĲϴģµĺܣƻҲɵĿֲ
ϵĹ⻪ƣ޵ϢΪ֮ѡ
ǡʳǸҵλã
һĹǿǷ׷׵ĵɴԼ۾
ҪҪȥ֣˿˵
֣ڳֵĻδһ㣬ǾǳܹıʲôأʵǴľ磬ЩϼһȥֵĻҲı䲻˶ٵģҲûг֣ȻҲԼĴģóȻĳк
ڵĹѾˣԴˣҿһε֮Ի˵ĽѣҲΪҵĴСȵõԶʱڵĴУ˲ʳ̰ǰ˵⴫൱ĿֲǴԶʱڵǿӵеģڵȾ˵ѾԺǶԿˣŰʱͱ˿ֲǱ˵õĻ¸ӵĿֲɡڰǲȥ֣ڼһԼܹлȡٵ档
һʧأҸȫնɱʱĻǵǿƷһҴСζˡ
˵⻰һꡣ
ȻȵӰҲ൱Ŀµġ
֮У׵ɫޱȵ࣬ϵļⶼڷĳ鴤ţһ˫Ŀ˿˿âȻû˵ַŭϢȴӣȻΪһεĲʳΪķŭ
ʳ̫ˣ
˫ȭ׵¶һĨɫ
ǺܿģȴɫһȥһӰں֮Уſռ֮У΢Ĵڲϵתš
һǿҲϵݻչֳһζ
Ȼ˵ϢȴֺʱҪʧԭһ㡣
ڡһθô죿
׵Ľе
Ҵʱڿ֮ϵһӰΪΪǿһˣҵĹǿ
߲ư
ڵĴ˳ʱ֮зǴһ˿ƣ
ڣڸô죿׵֮Ҳǵ㡣
ߣǲʳΪȣȵõľѧΪķؾһŹϵľѧѾʧ˺ܾˣ֮⣬ЩӴĴиǿֲȻ˵⴫вģֻеһ֣Ҳ޷ӵģǸһʱ䣬ֻҪʱ䣬¾ǻεǿ󣬵ȴҲ׵ĺǶԿˡ
֮дһĨŭ
ǰֻҪʱ䣬ȷʵһʱˣκΣʵޱȲпģʱǸûʱˣʱĲʳѾߣѾɱˡ
ȣǵϣҾˣȴҲԵĲһҪһӳֻҪţǿֲľѧǽлģ
ڣҲ뿪Ҫһ𣬾ҲҪһҲҲĻȥӻȥʲô˼ͷͷڹһȵϴŽɫе
ʱȥˣȵģҲһЩ仯üַ֮Ѿ𽥵Ŀʼ˳ҡҷˣĶˣϵϢ޷Ϊֱ֮ӡ
ҵˣˣһĿĺܼ򵥣˵ҵȫ군ĻǾ͸ϽĹҵĴСͷųûһԵĶ֣֮
һŵ˳
ʳһδεַҹˣѵ˵Ϊǻһ𣿲Ҫ˵𣬾ǲʶûʵǹȫѹҪ˵Ĳʳʧܵġ׵̲֮ſɲŭ
Ǻǡʲôϴǽƻûлָ𣿡
һ
ֻ֮ϣʮ׵ķΧ֮УһɺɫĹâʼ˳ֲϢʼͷţһӰ֡
ѪϢʱı쾡¡
ѪսһﾹȻѪսǿǴ֮۷ǿߣͨǿȴҲԲǶԷĶְΧصЩһǿǷ׷׵İҡͷԭֵģѾ׵ûˡ
Ѫս桢Ů׹ħħЩ˶һǿߣǲʳĲǿߣıŮΪҶԵˣǻǱһ
µѪս桢׹ħԼħš
ǱϾһǿߣϴѪսԿԷˣڻûлָһοҶ᳹׵ɢġ
ѪսҶ֪ǴǿǲģĻǱӵĿֲǲĻǾ;ܳ¡
˿õ˵

Ц֮ޱȵĴѪսﴫؼѪϢŨ
вңҪԼԱвңȴˣѪսʲôѧǧħѪֻҪһžѧתԱֻҪһξѪĴڣҾͿٴεΪĺв𣿡
һ֮еɫȻ仯ޱȵѿ
ҡãƻӡʱһƬʧɫѪϢݵĺԶӳ·ǿյǳҡҡ׹Ҫ֮׹ϿֲϢļţһֻ޴ѪɫֺݺݵسҵĹų֮ѹ


1894 Ӵְ
ң
ڵ̲סˣһŭ𣬳ŶԷıȥӰͬµһ㣬վ˹ų֮ϣҵڣڵĻ̲סҪˡ
ΪԼˣΪܹԼܹһԴȥεĶҪ֣ػüһ˿Ѫ
ҵҪܹػѪã
ѪսȻѡѹ
һֻ޴Ѫɫ֣ŷǱѰĿֲǵصĴ£ǳڴʱҪϵҪԲʮĿռ͵γһ޴·žϵγɣȻһֻӡ̲֮ص൱Ŀֲ
Ӿ䣬һĻ谵ֻѪϢޱߵɺ˸ӡ˾޴ĵӡһһֿ˺һеϢ
ֲֿϢȻֻһУȴҲǹų֮е֮ˣ޲ǸоԼĺһļ١
䡭
ȵϱ˿˿âһһжΧУȴ¶һĨɫ·ǸоԼĽһɽѹһ
𡭡
ŶԷĳ֣ȥ⣬æʩչͨ
ıһ޴ĳ
ﵽ׳ĳ̶ȣ溮âתϵͨĪ֮ϡ
͡
ʮһ谭޲֡
һٶȿľˣͬһһ㣬ɿۣݻΪ˿񳱣ٴεĴ£챦⳯ŶԷӡײһ
䡭
໥ĦֲĹâ˸ɱȻ֮Ŀֲ޲Ǵﵽһּµĳ̶ȡ
¡¡
ֻһССĽֶѣȴǿնҡҡ׹Ĳ
ִϢ޿ʼҪĤ
Ǵǿʵ𣿴ʱǿ޲ʼ뵽ǰǰǸ꾹ȻԼĿס˻ĳ֣Ҫôµ
ȣ
Ѫս͵ٴγ֣˫ֻûһ޴Ѫɫ󸫴ջ˿ռ䣬ݺݵسնȥ
ٶ̫ˣٵľˣѪ֮ԺյĹ⻪Ҫǿնҫ
ѪħɣѪսĺʱϵıѾʼ÷Ѫս֮˵ȫΪսʱһӣ˿Ĳ֪Ϊֻǲϵɱ¾ϵȥѪĳ֡
Ҳ˵ķ˽յڵѾ𽥵Ŀʼ÷
һݣ
ĽȻĻ˳֮ϡ
һ׳ȻҲǷƷȻų޷󵽵ΰ󲨶ϵĽĴ߶ʱѾڻû˲˺˲񷣬չֳޱߵĽ⡣
䡭
ѣϵķĺ

ڶγɣһĺɫз·Ƕħһ㣬ڵȴ֡
ǴǿֶҲ̫˵ɣһЩ޷εǿǷ׷׵ķ˾Լڶ޷ȥߵˣӵĲҪ˵ȥԿ֪ǿô˵ǿ

߽е˲䣬ͻȻѪսȻ͵ĳ֣תԼеѪħѸٵĵֿסеĽͽĳ֣һַֻ貵ȴޱаѪɫ
䡭
û뵽һĳ־ȻôѸ٣Լٶȸ޷ͶԷγɶԿֱӵıһл˸
ۡ
Ѫɳȥ׵ˡ
ɡϣϣϣ
ˣ⿪ʼСɢ˼£ѪսЦһٴεĴ߶ž޴ѪħԴնȥ
ķ񣡡
һ߳ͻȻĳ֣ʱһеѪϢѸٵ˰ȥϵϢΰĲӿһ̾ͷ·һصĴܳһ㡣
ֻһСӰſֲݺݵؽǾ޴Ѫħˡ
ȰȻҵĴС㣬ôܰÿµŮ˰һǸŮ֪ŮԺ˭֣ܹһ׷󰡡ɣŮȻǿ󣬵ֻҪһӣŮ˰ô£ҴСĵһҲǻʹģһ仰ǴӲʳĶдݳġ
һȺ쵰ȵϹ˺˪ʱȥˣòֻԼʵԸϵת䡣
ʱͲԭǸ֪Ůˡ
ǵõˡķؾ֮͸ԼʹԼļ塣
趯һĽ£ǰ͹µĽеĸ
촽ݣһǷģ˵ĺɫ촽ˣ괽ͷ·ʢʻһ㣬УζǶôԡ
ȣû뵽㾹ȻԳ
Ѫսϴ˿˿ĵͷ֮ɫȻޱȵϿɺ˷ܡ
𣿵Ҳû뵽㾹ȻôĲҪΪһǿߣȻ˵Ĳֶεıҡ˵һνû˿ĺøпԡ
ȥӦ
˵
֮дһ˿ȻȻѾҲҪһȺúõĻںһ㡣
ڣǲȥģ
ȵϹһֱ֮Ϊı顣
СҲ¶˾ģҲҪ뿪Լļ塣
û뵽û뵽ԶžѧĴ߰ǹǿ󰡣һоͷϵҵĹǣȣ㻹̫˵㣡
ȻһֻѸٵͻգ·һ㣬͵ĽɱľѾʼɢޱ
ٲȻǴ㽫ȵ׵Ľɱ飬ֻҪǵõȵܹ꣬Σ
ʳ˺İԵϧˣһŮˣ˵ƺûйʲôӰɡѪս˹Ȼûϧ֮飬޵ŮܹŪһҹٻʮ궼ĵġ
˷ϧ
ҡ
ȵȻһĽ֮УޱߵĹâʱ˸ķγһƬصٵľۼǿҪһĿֲֿסˡ
һиû˿Ŀԡ
ֻȵֻԵĽֿѣһ̣ȴݺݵ³һѪһֵĽѾٴεĳˡ
һԸǿŮˣΪ¹ش󣬲ܹ˻Ĵ£ҵǺԸһһƥҰζ
ѪսϴЦĿ˵
ѪսӵСˣ
ĺ͵ͷųһֲͼȥȸȻ
Ѫսܹ⣬ֵٶȸ
ۿȾҪԷ׵ѹʱ̣һȴԶ˳
Ӵְʳþδ
Ȼȴһ޷ڸǵı֮·׹һ㣬Ȼı


1895 ˭
һӡ𣬴ŰѪϢֲ·ԽɵʱֲϢѾ׵˳ǿƥԵޱߡ
ֲѾ׵ķΧȵʵε죬õĴεĿֲȴҲԲǶԷĶ֡
ҲʱȴҲȻ쳹˳֣ޱߵ·񷶼ҪΪ֮
еˣһһָ¶·ǿؼһһ㣬һָȫʵ廯ϵƼӳ棬ȻĴ£˲ĳӡȥ
䡭
޴ʱݻһ壬
ǴŽâ˲ͬһƵƤһ㣬˲ĸɱ
䡱齵һ㣬ѪսһҡΣ˵̲סĿʼʮͣЪ
ԼڣѪڷڣΪǿ֮£޷ƲķڣоԼǰһĿֲûɢѪսɫȻøӵ
˭ҹҲʳ֮£ôĵѵҪҲʳΪУðϣ
Ѫսĺ
ݵ֮Уְ˷֮ϵǳ飡
ʳ𡭡ǺǣϤְ
һس
˾㵵֮УӰȵߡ
еһΪĳڡ
׷ѩ΢΢Ʈһɫĳ֮£˵ͬһһվУ⻪˸֮ҫ֮ⲻϵ貶
һɺ˸ű̹ǵĹâһۿȥǸоԼĵ׶һ㡣
⡭ǡ
һ̣е޲
ǰǸңǿﾹȻٴεĳ
ôܣ
һնɱʳӵǿߣһðһԺһǿ߽аޡ
Ӱµƣη̬
ȫںǰϣ
Ҷ
䡱
ʳǿ̲ס볯ź浹
ս˻죬ʥײϵزţѪսҲ̲סĵһ
һ˫ĿɵùԲ·޷ŵĿǰˡ
Ҷ
ȻǸѾ˵Ҷٴεĳˣʱϵı仯˲죬ȻʱûôĲ࣬ڵϽӽһʱѣȴѾȥ˰ꡣ
ʱ䣬ҶѾΪ˴˵ǱһѾļһԴ˭Ҳû뵽һеһоȻٴεıˡ
Ҷţ
ҶҶ
һĴ۾ҲùԶ˸޷ŵĹâԼĻ˸һ˿ϲ
ȻҶĳΪĵġ
һѸٵĽȱҵϣ˭˶ԣȴȻĲܹµġ
Ѫսþò˰
ѪսҶǶһȫӵһ㣬֮д˿˿⣬ȴûκεĵӿԡ
Ҷ첻̫žΪȴ͸ҺǻԿӲӲĶŸɣڵΪǿߣﵽʥľ磬ݻ˲̶ȣһǧٱļӳ֣һ֮ǿһ֣˵ȥ㹻ǿʧɫġ
Ҷ޷ĶԷ
Ҷ㾹ȻţôܣѪս޷ŵĺ
Ȼ˵ѪսǴǿߣȻѾبŲһĴˣǻǴ֮ǿߣǿ¶ûˣѪսһ¶оԼһĺ⡣
ǰ㶼Ϊʲôܻţ
Ҷﵭ˵
ôʲôȻ˶Ѫս

ȫ֪Ҷսʿŭ
ǿҶĺܣԷȻҺѪս˵ķǷĲʳ
úõĽѵһ㣡
һе˷ɿļԦʥ׿ٵĳȻ߰׳ȫ֪ҶԳӵſµʥױһУ˵⼸һһֱΪԼĲʳǿģһֱˣȫĴڡ
͡
Ҷ͵Ļ衣
ѩǹ֣
ˣ
һǹ
Ҷֵһ˲䣬Ԧʥ׵ļһѾ֪Լùˣ൱ĵùǸоҶУѩǹǻΪֲĲһ㣬еĿռ䶼׵ľȫĽѵˡ
֮ڶ죡
ٶϿ쵽˼£ͬ׷£ư׾Թ϶˿ûͣЪĿܡ
ۡ
һǹһ˵ԴֱӵĽʥȫѡ
һ˵ǹ׵Ľ
һΪң׵ıʥ׶ȫĻ
ž
ˡ
еѩǹҶȻվѩ趯䣬һεεѪƺǴһĺһ㣬ȴ䵽˵С
˲䣬еɫı仯
ƵҶվ·û˿ԼղŵΪ̬ȴе˷Ǹоһɡ
һǹ·ǹͨزİȻȥûκεĻԣȴһַǱѰĺأڶԸоֿµĲԼš
һ̣еȻļž
е޲ǾޱȵĿҶ죬·ڿһһ㡣
ˡ
ѩǹٴεľҶ˫Ŀɺ죬Ѫս˵Ѫսô
ƣԹư
ʱѪսɫѾޱѿղſҶĳ֣һּ򵥵ĳַʽֻǼ򵥵һУֱӵĴɱѡ
ҶȴƾŶϵ˽⣬γ֣ÿһζ޲ڶֵ֮ɱġ
һǿֲͷâֶξѪս޷аպͶԷӲȥ
һˣѵ˵ʳԿҶѵ˵Լѹһ𣿡Ѫսݺݵһڿˮ˫ĿѪâݺݵغ
ˣһԼȥѰҵģڣҪյϢ澹Ȼûг֣ǰ׹ħħҲûг֣ģѪսҺܿͻǺž۵ġ
һվ٩٩̸ʮĲʳĴȻûһ˵ҳ֣һ㹻İӲˣ
㡭
Ѫս͵ŭ
ϣ
һµѪɫ͵ĴƳѸٵסֱѪսҶɱ˹
ѪսļѪսʩչ
ҶһﾹȻĻţµļһﰡʳոյһ֮УҶѩǹȴķһ㣬һ貵ǹγʵʣ͵ĳѪսѪսȥ
ϣ飡
ơ
˫Ŀ˿˿âҶĺȵ
һٶʩչ
һǧļӳֻ۶
͡
еȻȻֹ


1896 Ϣ
ǹǹ룬ĴѪսԴ֡
ɫġɫҺںһĴԴ
һǹѪսԴ
һ̣Ҫ˵ĲʳˣҵǿŴԼͣϡ֮УǴ޷ŵɫ̬ͷ·ڿһֻҰںһŮһ㡣
㤣

壡
޷ţ
һ̣˵񶼱ô
Ѫսʲôˣǿǹϵǿߣ֮еĴǿߣͨǿߣʵﵽĳ̶ȣժǳգƥǿߣȻĲһ˿󵽵ģҪ˵ڲʳ֮Уİ֮УǶǿߣܹ˿ƥ֮ˡ
ڲʳ֮У˻֮⣬ҲֻǽеļһĻʯǿ߿ԺͶԷˡ
Ҷ죬ֻһССǱնɱĴڣڲٴεĳֻǶݵĽֶѣȻѵ˶ԷԴξκεˣԼԴ޷һеĳֺͷ
㡭㡭
ѪսѪûȥʱڲдţ֮ȴž㤵ɫȻû뵽ԼȻֻǶݵĽֱ㱻ҶĴ̴ԼԴ
еѪսѾѣĲѺۣĵĵطһڴСγɣҶֱӶ˶ԷѪս˺ķԴġ
㰲ĵȥɣİɣҺܿͻûһȥģҶ쵭˵
ڵɽ緢һ㣬͵ı˹ǺһϬײеע뵽֮С
䡭
Ѫɽ˾㵵֮УѪսӱֱӵѵˡ
Ѫ֮ƮɢѪð˵ȴޱȵı䣬ڲޱȡ
ǰҶħһĴڡ
ҶһﾹȻ˵ĿɲڰļǿǷ׷׵Ŀʼ
ǰôܣѪսǶԸû˿ʤģСӵʵûôǿΪʲôڶ̶̵İʱ֮оȻѾﵽزˣ
һµҶһҿеˡ
һ˿ڻ˵
һλڻ֮еӰ˵޷ȥĿ֮һɲãϢת·بţǿҵϢϵӿȻǵȻȴȻһǿҵѹ
Ǿɡ
ԷٴεĿ˵ƺΧǿߣ޲ԴΪףĻ׷׵ĵͷͬ
Сӣ㾹Ȼû
ȵҶ죬ƺҪһ˶һ㡣
ӴС椣Ǵ𣿡
ҶûĿһ˵
˵Ǻãô鷳Ȼ󡣡
ȻǴȴһϲУƺǶҶܹΪļ
лĳ֣һΣҵĴˡ
ؿ˵һָмУȻҶĳ֣൱ĸмģղŲһԼļȫıˡ
ҶֵĻǾҪ׾ˡ
Һǲʳ֮ìܱҪҲֻ͸ǵĵһݴ񣡡
Ҷ˵ٴνԼĿ⳯ǰЩʳսʿǿȥ
߹
Щ˶ǻ߹Ǹ¥ʱ֮УһȺ߹Ҳû¡
ܰ
֪˭һʱĲʳľӿʼ
ߣܵ𣿡
ҶЦһ塰ˢһʧԭͬ׷Ǹһ㣬µ߲ﵽһ֮ĵزٶϾ˵ĺܡ
衭
ţħӵײУֱʩչԼħţŭĲˣһпʼų˳ȥ
֮ǿֲ֮㹻ĽԴ׵ķΧȫ
ɣ
ţħĺ
ħ̥Ŀֲ֮˿ĲҶ죬ʩչǿ޲ʼ
һߣÿһλǿ֮
ţħƷĳ֣Ѿʼֳ״̬ʧԭʩչ̫ʱҪѣȥǲʱȥָ¶Ժûжٺôġ
͡
ҶԦѩǹߣ߲˸һȭһǹ޲̲֮
¡¡
ɱھҲҪһ汳ģĻġ
һӴĺ
˵ȻǲǴ̫ž۷ϢԷʵĲ
ϣ
һĳ翪ʼ֣ɫĿֲ׷׵ĳҶϮ˹ȥ


ҶǹӶ֮˲ĺͶԷĿһ
𡭡
ŭХ
Ҷ죬һˣٴεĻˣ֮һ棬Ҫȥƣг𱨳𣬸ɱ֮ˣ
ϡ
ѩǹ棬һ˸ǾһδεĴ֮γɵƣÿһǿٵأ·Űһ㣬ֲϢѾ㹻ˡ
䡭
Ҷ趯ǹ޴ǹﵽʮ׵ĳȡ
¡һ޴̫սһ
֮޲Ǻɨһе̬չš

еڿ˲ȻĶѣΪƬ
ҶԦѩǹѸٵĳһȥ˱ǿһˣղλ˵֮ˡ
Էʵڴ̫ž۷徳磬ʵ͵ĺܡ
͡
ߣǹһ
飡
Ҷѩǹݺݵײ˴˵֮ϡ

Էɫ䣬ĺ
ɭȻľ·ϢԼǰתһ㣬ϵɢţô˵вޱȣɵÿʼС
ҶһƬᣬ˿û顣
䡱Ѫ񱩵ըԷҶһǹ˺ѡ
ܰʱ˷ҵĽǳ׵ĺˣţħҶƷ򣬶һĿֲ
ģʲôͻأţħ˷ŭĺ
ֻԭһĽâɢ˵УЩвֻаƴСȴſֲ˲ĽЩ֮˵˽ȥ
Ϣ
Ҷͷһ
ǷڵϢ
Ϣǿֲǿ£ȻʥϢ޷ڸסҶ֮۵ǰȴ޷ӣһ۱㿴˶ԷĿ
ڵϢڵϢڵĵ⸽ڼȡ꣡
ҶɿĴе
ڡүǺܾˡ
ţħѿ¶Цݺ
ڣǻĵЩ𣿡
ƷϱԽ
衭
ţħſͣ˲ɵһ㣬͵ĽΧ;ѪɸɾĳҶ˵ͷѸٵĳǰ˹ȥ


1897 ԵǵģԵ
˸һ㣬ư׳棬ʮء
ԲķΧ֮Уһ֮ϣ֮У޲̲ǿƥڣ棬ƺǱһ㣬ڲϵʡ
й¶ǿϢ㹻񷣬һʱ˿һǿĴڣȴҲѡƵߡ
һʮ˸ˣÿһ˵Դûһ˿ëǵ·ǳһ㣬˸ĹԽ棬ϵĲӿȥĺۼ·֮Ϊص·һ㣬ڻؿ
Ϊ׵һˣʮ˵λãԷ޴󣬷·׵ĸ߶ȣĹΪĿֲ֮У·һ޴ķ籩һ㣬ΧԲһ޲¿ʼĲγһͳһĹɡ
ӿЩɫĹâ֮УȻųǧڱᣬĿʼ뵽˵ϣÿε룬ǿԿĳϣһصķɡ
𡭡
һݳΪ֮˵ٵĶļ⿪ʼ¡Ŀһɷľ޻γɣ޻ŭɢɷ
ⲻʳսʿô꣬Ȼ֮󣬲ǿȻɵĵز
ĸ̾˵Ҳ¶һĨϲɫ
䡭
ͻأģһ⻪ɣһ⻪䳹񷣬ݻϰ˷ĿԿ⻪֮˸Ƕôľ
͡
ʮ˶˫ĿˣмΪ֮Ҳ˫Ŀ
͡
â˫Ŀ֮ÿһŽɫĹâͬһһ㣬˲ƿ˿ռ䣬׵ľ롣
䡭
һŴɽʮ˶Թ⻪γɵâѳΪ촷ۡ
ôϢĲһλǿߣҪȻꡢѪ⡢׹ǣ޲Ҫģһ˷̰ȵ
ߣ
£ʮӰ˲ʧ·ʮ˵һ㣬ɢӰ١

Ҷ졢ţħƷҰһУڿ񱼣߲һĿ񳱡
оˣڵϢڳɿǰһȺһﻹ޼ɵΪ˶꣬Ȼ˵Ŀ
һ˿˿Ҷ˫Ŀ֮ȼճϵĿֲѸٵݻ˼ޡ
䡭
ϼɢâ˸һ޴ĽɫӰĳҶһѹǱѰһ޴̫ɽһ㣬Բ׵ķΧǿеĸ
ݣһƬǺλѣ˲ĵ㣬ֻת˲֮䣬Ҷһ˵ɫ̲סһ仯

ţħŭһֻţӷ·ǿӡһ㣬ѸٵĺͶԷײһ

Ӵ˲죬޲ڲݣ
֮һĲƿʼγɣݻΪ˿µľɱ

𶯵ٴε쳹˳һ̣ռ伤Ȼγһ籩
û뵽Ȼôĺãħ̥ħ̥һЦ˳
̲̰֮ռеĲȻţħݣѾȻˣϢЦ֮˵ǰһʮѾ
ţƺ൱ܻӭÿ˿㱾Ŀ֮޲ѡҪռӡ
ƷһĿţħڿ˶Էһƺͷŭ֮ɫ֮󣬻ǹԹԵؽԼͱˡ
ʮˣΪһˣͬؼĵл֮Уľ߶߼õΧĿռ䴫һķ״
µĺܣ͵ĺܣӦҲһǿߡ
ȻڵǿߣֻһȺһǵʵȻŴľ磬ȻÿһֻڴΪѣʮĹǿĳ֣ڵĵ̹Ȼ޷ġҶһ̲ס
ⲻΪں£Ϊڶڵǿ̶ǡ
ڣ£֪ǿߵܹж١
СӣԵΪ֮˿ڣ˵ڿţħ֮д֮ɫҶ챾ˣԷȻҲ൱Ȥġ
ڵˣȻ˰򣬻˺ĺܰҶ˫ĿâĶǰһˣ˵
ﵭȻƵվ·ǲʳ˼̻һ㣬һޱȵϢơ
ڵԭһĵ֮ɫڸоҶϵϢ֮ɫȴʼ仯
˵һڵĵһɽҶǴ󺣣ɽ緢վоͷȴһԷ಻ٲȻޱ̬
СƺҲ򵥣
Ϊ֮˰Ե˼
ǰȷʵԵڣҶȫûкøеһţˣҶһȻҲûжٵĺøУսħѣһȺȴһֱвսħҶΪڵĵӡ
գҪϵһٴεĿڡ
ʶ𣿺ϤҪ趫ʲôⰡţħЦ˵
ʵڴΪϣһȺһﻹǿۡ
ǺǣһĵҪǵϿɣΪǵ͡ԷĻﻹû£Ѿʧԭ
顭
Ҷ콫ƷҰɿƿҲȻĻһʧ
߲Ҷһ֣ʩչΪֲĲ߲ﵽһ֮ľ磬ȫĳκ˵󣬿ֲٶȼӳ֣һľ
ȭȭӡ죡
ҶѸٵĲ׽һӰʮеһˡ
䡭
͵ľ¶·һ޴̫ħɽҶƿһ㣬ײеľ޵ݺݵسŴ˳˹ȥ
ӡȭҶ촴ĵһŵȭҲǿһȭӡȭϵΪȥ̲̲ϵ
ʱҶѾﵽʥľ磬Ŀֲ޷һȭȻΪʩչģȴҲԵΪ֮
ۡ
飡
һ˱صĻУֱӴžһѪ˵׵ˡ
һٶƵļӳ֣һǧӡ
ҶȻûжõǿһǧٱļӳ֣һٶΡԣ
ãһڰϻ˿
Ϊ֮˵ɫ䣬̲֮ɱĽɫӡԭҪֵģһȴ׵Ľ뷨ˡ
ţүүӦţħЦһһ޴ӰֳһӰߴף޴ţͷţǣ·Ҫһ㡣
ħţ
裡
ħţŭŭһ̤գ˲һ˵ٴεſͣһ˵ɸɾһ˿궼û
ң
ǿ޲˷ŭĺ
˵ˡԵ
ҶĽ߲תֻǲǧ֮һʱѣȴѾʮеĴͷ֮ǰ
žǿĽ˵Ĳȫӵ˶Էķ·ǴƼһס
شңʲô


1898 Ȼɱڣ
㡭㵽˭
Ҷס˲ӣԷŵɫʼó֮д޷ŵɫһʱ䣬ʣµʮҲȫֹͣԼеĶ䱸ޱȵĿҶǡ
˭ƺǺûκεĹϵڵֻҪشңʲô룬Сӣ˭군ˣǵǣǾںضԿӦò²⵽ǵݣڣһµţⲻǿȥǵĶ㡪ˣ
ž
ҶѸٵһ˦˹ȥ̲ſֲƣĽմףʱˣ㾹ȻӲǲҽʵˡ
ǰĻҶȻĻѡնɱĽǵҶѾǰǸˣϻ϶ͳ˳˵
ʥƵ֮ϢԶȻһеĸ
Ȼѡ˶ڱģǾȫΪеĿܰɣ
ҶЦ
Ҫʲôʲô
˷Ľе֪ΪʲôѾоˣʱҶԵĲ˵ģǾԼжʱѾоˣҶд

Ҷ﷢ЦһƬգضڲǳҡҡ׹ֲѸٵı˳
⡭Ǵ֮ƣԣƾǴ۷ǿҲԵûбĿܣѩѪͫ㾹ȻҶ죬㾹ȻԪ֮УԷڵķӦ˹
û뵽ھȻҲ֪ҵĴڣʱȷʵŲСĵ鰡
Ҷ֮д˿˿ĺ⡣
㾹Ȼûȥôܣôܣ
ҶĴʵ̫ˣĴԪŹҶĴ˵ᣬȴ൱ǿǿԺǿΪУһһЩʯǿ߶ҶĶ֡
򣬶Ȼ
Ҷ˫Ŀâʱһ޴Ӱӱ˳
޴Ĳ󷢳ŭ֮һֱֻֻۻӶٵأ˷ݺ

λڵĵķĺڵڵӻʣʮλˣÿһλ϶ǿĲǴŴŲĳ֣ǿĵֿʱĻޣȻת˲֮бɢ飬Ϊ̬
ˡ
ҶıǴ֮Ĺ⻪γɣʼתϵһ㣬ȡɢľ˵Ľ궼һ˿
ݼˣ
ת˲ѣһӵʱ䣬ʮǿȴѾĹ˵ϣ֮дһǿҵļͺĹâһֳһֶҶĳֵ൱Ϳ¡
û뵽ʥͲȻ˵Ŀֲ
Ҷ૵ĵ
ղʩչͨʱǸоԼڣʥӤڷһҫâǵϵĿʼ׳
µȻԺڵ棬ڻڶʳϲ
ţħ¶һĨĻߣؿ˵
ʲôݣһΪʲô
ҶٴεĿǰһλǿߣؿʵ
ˣڵĹϻΪɣ֮кܴ󣬶ڵҲѾȻ˵ΪʵĴڣڵǿеѹȥǵõϢѾȫıʳƿأǻҪС̫ˣֶϻķ涼ˡ
ɲϵؽԼļе˵ҶɫҲʼϵı仯š
Ҳ˵Ϊ˹ѹ𣿡
Ҷ˫ĿƣŶԷĿ˵
ǵˣҲȫˣһǵõϲǵزصĴ߶սħѾıħԳʱѾҪԼѪеʼӳˣ˵һҲΪҵҽѹӶõزµĴУ
Ҷ˫Ŀ͵һ
սħҲ
뵽ֻҰӣҶȻĲġ
ǵģѾǸѹˣǵ֮Уͬʱһõ˹׵۴еǿߣ׵ޱȵĿֲƺǺ˻һԨԴС
ҹʮ죡
ҶȻ뵽˶Էݡ
ôʱûмһҶ쵹û뵽߾Ȼˡ
ܺãǿڵжˣ
Ҷڽе˳
䡭
һ⻪˸һâɵüģǹ⻪ʥϢͬһöӨʯһ㣬貶Ƿ
Ҷ죬㾹Ȼѹң
ɵȻ쳹Ҵʱȫûԭ𾴣еֻͷŭ
ҫ壬а˱ܣҫѹ
Ĳ˸ʥӤӡӴ֮ƿϵѹȥ
ˣˣ
ǰɫĹâӶԷü֮вϵͷųɼЩâĺ֮УһϵӰЩӰȻСȭͷС̲صȴ·ǿԿٵһ㣬Ƿޱȡ
ôϢȻԴﵽڵزڵȻȴ޷ҶԿ
Ҷĺȵ
䡭
ǲ棬֮͵Ķգ׵ļһĹâɵΪĺۼ㶴ȴϵĶֻǽԷ谭ˡ
ۡ
ɵ﷢һĽȻ־ڳ׵ı߽ˡ
ڣشң֮صж٣жôĿֲ
Ҷ̤ϵƷıǡ
ˣҲ֪ȫֻ֪ϣ֮ϣڵЩǿǿȥ󵽵ģҲ֪
оҶϵһӴϢʱٴεķһȻʱѾڿʼ޷ֿ
ݣȻҲ޷ȥͨϲ𣿡
ҶһѾ²⵽ˣӦþǷݻģǴﵽ˴ǿߣȻҲ޷Ӵĺܣ˵ˣڵˮж
·ɱ֮Уȳսħҹʮ죡
Ҷ˫Ŀ˿˿âؿ˵
ǡˣڵʵڰ֮Уһϵǿ򣬶ԷȻѾ꣬Ӵ֮ȴﵽʵʣһҲ޷Կ
ǳ׵ĳˣҶ콫׵ĶʱѾҶūȻΪҶ롭


1899 Կ
͡
ǿ貣žãĲ֮УһеһƺǶԵøľס
ͷ·һֻ˯֮еһ㣬ڰ֮ĺţκεһж⡣
Ϊصĵطڰ֮һҫâɣâ𽥵ɢٴε֮һϵС
һСȥۣƣǾһС֮УȴһȻĸ߹֮ɵĽâϵݻţΧһҪͼ뵽һıǼȡա
顭
һĽâ貶ϵС˵첨ʥķݻΪˡd̬
֮һӡǣϺͿֲǿ
͡
һƿ֣ռѣʱھС֮⣬һѾ
ÿµϢǿҪٵ²ſݻ̶ֳȣ
ţħĺ
Сȫ޻ʵģ˵Сǽģǵġ
ǱڵˣһСȥ󣬵ȴǬλǿƾԼǿȫģǿҲȥеĺģǿ㹻һ˲֮佫ҳ׵նɱΪ޺촷ۣһ˿궼޷
ɵ˵
ԼľݻĸԼСӦҲһһַʽҲȴԿĳСԴţһԽǵľ񲻶ϵɵ˵һνĴǿȻʧˣ־ţֻҪǲϵȥȡǿվһٴεġ
֮ۻ˸Ҷ˸ž˵ĺ⣬ؿ˵
Լ˶µȥ֣ĳҲȷʵ㹻ġ
ˣڸô죿
ɵ¶˺֮ɫʵʱѾȫŷҶ죬ҶΪףκε˶ϣұ𽥵ı¶˳ɱ¾֮൱Ŀ¡
ȥ
Ҷ΢΢һСȥȻƽڲȴȻһռ䣬ԼľȥĿռ䣬һŵڵҶǲȥСȻҪСĵĺá
͡
΢ҶʱĻһµĺۼ
á
ֻת˲ѣҶѾоˣһ󺣰Ĳڳֻ߳һ̽ѣҶȴҴ룬Ѹٵʧԭ
ţħһ˻˵
һ˽ȥ
һˣ
ţħ̲סüͷ
ղûнĽķΧȴоˣⱳصһ˲õļһС֪˶ٵʱˣǶԷ֮ȵ֮Ѿ۳Ϊ󣬺ҵ֮еһƴұԽȥĻǽȥˣҲûȴ֤ȫ˵İȫ
Ҷ̬൱档
á
ţħȥ֡
ʵͲҶǿȻ֪Լôˡ
͡
΢ʱҶ첻ȥˣҶ²ûдĻСеǿӦѾǻҪǿͿ£Ͼôʱ䣬Ϊʵѹƣͳưˡ
䡭
һƬγɣҶڰƾɱ֮صľѧԼĿռ֮ѸٵĳŶԷȥ
ġ
һ֮·һ㣬ȻĳҶк˹ȥ
󣡡
Ҷıһ֮Ѹٵչֳ
һεսϢȴֲĺܣһҶʧܣ˵ûᱻԷ֣ǸʱҪ൱ˡ
ƣ
ǧǧ˸һֱֻۺݺݵغɨȥ˲ĽԷϮƣҶٴεĽ롣
ף
ǧף
ף
Ҷٶȿľˣת˲֮УѾҪ뵽СΧˡ
һףҶϼӳţֲѸٵĿʼ˳
ˡ
쳹
һ޴ĻͻȻˡ
һСȻÿͻôԶľһС㣡
һ͵ĳ֡
֮ƺǴŴȱȻ˵ĺܣǿҵ֮ȴ·ʱ޿̵ĲȥҶе־ƻҶ־
⣬ˣ
ҶаԵһ
ΧһУһһľһ΢ʱĴ˵һжҵģǿҵģεܹҶԿǻΪ΢ҲԸоҵ㡣
ٴεĳ֡
ߡ
Ҷһŭ⣬ݻ
ȻһţȻ˿ֲĻǿϢĴԪĻɣƺǸԪζԣֻϢȴֻˣζϵ־ǶȻ㣬ҾͿٴεĶȻںһе֮µĻҹȻ
֮͵ĳ֣ޱȵ˷ܺ޷ڸǵĳ嶯
㾹ȻԿҵһ˿Ϣ
ҶЦһ˵
һҶ²ûдӦñλǿˡ
ϢһҶѾȻˣҶ죬ҿԿһеĸһҶ֪Ѿ֪ˣĽֻڶԿĽֻڽ׳ҲſΪϴˢϵһгаѹɱ¾ޱߣǰ
һ֮Ȼĳˡ
֮д޷ڸǵĹƻǻˣԵֿסҶȴẦ£ü֮۲ϵ˸š
Χһ޴Ӱ˷ŭ
ڷŭһﾹȻͼȻǣⲻʲô
㿴ҵһ˿Ϣȴ֪ΪϵϢ׳գ֮Ĵڣ
ҶŭһϵȻ
䡭
ֲıˡ
޷ڸǵѺɣʱһѺ۵


ǧֶǧչչ֣ң

СֲĲ
ô᣿ô֮ϢⲻܣⲻȥƿصģƾʲôӵУ
֮ܵڵĻ¶˵ӵĲ
ȥĦɣ
Ҷ쳤ХһڵѸٵı˳
һԭ˵ǿ󣬵ȴҲֻһĴڣֻҪûҶͲẦ¶Է
ȻȻħϵħ㱾ñҶȻģȱ񵶣
޴֮ıһǿ֮չֳʵʰ֮ӶݻΪһ޴񵶡


1900 ط꣡
Ȼ˴ȱ񵶡鷳ˣȱ񵶣ǿ˵˲Σա
ңңԭ֮Уɵ̲סĽе
һĴȱ񵶣ÿһ·ʵһ㣬޲ǵص·һĴӰ˸
ȱϢȻϢѹϢɱ¾Ϣںһ
ÿµϢ
ҶһһȷʵһֶΣ꣬ҶѾԽշԷڣҶȻĻẦµģڣԷֻһ꣬Լģû뵽ǣһﾹȻ˵Ŀֲǿ󣬿˾˵
ȱ񵶣նһаħ񵶣ȫǸʩչ֮˵еġ
ڣ֮ĺܣݻĴȱǿնһе谭ȻΪ֮ӡ
֮ì
ҫ
Ҷһ֮дſµĹâ
Ĺ⻪˸˳γɵȸǷʷʫ
ⲻǷļӳС
ϡ
֮ìʼٵ
ǧֶÿһĻ֮ìһе·ҪԷ˺ѵһ㡣
ʲô
صǿߴĺ
Ҫ
Ҷ͵ŭ
֮ìļӳ£ݻΪĹâľ޷ڸǵʥ˲ĳ񷡣
ϣ
ȱ񵶷ı
һƿʼ֣ǻ֮ìңȻǿĴȱĴˡ
ҵĻǲ֮ȥԦĿ´ڣ֮ĻӵУͼѹңΣ
Ҷӳⷽ٣֮͵˸
ҡ
ߣٶȿľˣҶ쾹Ȼһâ˺գ֮ƣһµĽ֮ϡ
һݵĽݻʵʻġdӡǡ
ǷΪǿķ֮һԷϵЩӡ²ϣÿһε¶ĿЩӡȱøӿ
ڵĸ𣿡
Ҷ쿴һ޴Ľķ˸еĶԷԽʥԷߴʮףޱȣһ۾֮ȴ˸ԹĹâһʥ࿪ʼЩ
СѾĽ֣Ľֻ㾹Ȼͼؿڣ㽫Ϊ࣬Ϊ˳˰ɣ
֮д޷ڸǵĹƻ
Ҷ־죬Թͨ񷣬ȴҲ̲סĳ˿˿Ĳ
ţ£㾹Ȼͼƻң
Ҷıһǿâ˸ǲ͵һһĹâɡ
ʱĿĿⲻϣһöӾȻʼ
ڹʥ飿
Ҷ춼ʼһöµĴڣԼҪȴˣȴٴεĳˣֱһ漣
ǡʲôΪʲô˵ĿֲѹʲôĴڣ
ǿߵĽʼڲӺͺ£
ˢ
ڹʥ֮Уһʥӡʼ֣һֻ֣ٵأ·ǴڵǿڣضҪΪ֮
֮˲ıɵȫĿݽߵˡ

ʧȥ֮ļӳ֣һ׵ıϾ˺·̲סķһĲҽ
ѹѹ
Ҷĺ
ƿشڹʥ飬ʼ񱩶ʱʥ֮־ȻĽԷĽ飬ɵԼڡ
·Ǵ󽭴һ㣬ȫıҶ
䡭
ҶڣһӰʼ֡
øӵ
ԴһҲʼɢǿҵĹâ

һɣҶĺȵ
ʱڣĹٴε׳
Ҳ׳ףǧ׵ĵز
ϵҫʤղš
ɡ
ڹʥļӳ֮£Էûа취ֱӱҶɵһС
ǵõ˶Էļ֮Ҷȴһ
һϸ˵ԭֻһССڵӣΪͼ֣ȴ˵ĺܣȻµĹͨزϵݻҲ֪ȥ˶֮ѹȥ
İռ˰Ȼǿ󣬵ΪλϵԵʣ˽⵽ĻҲࡣ
ȻҵȣͲʥ壬ǵõʵԵĶȴǺٵĶ
ܿģڶԷļ֮УҶҵԼҪĶ
Ȼ
ݻСһбҶ쳹׵ͶȻˡ
ˣ
ʧȥСıӻʧȥشܵıӻСеڵĹ˵ϡ
ơ
Ҷ̤ѸٵСڲ
ȻԳһ磬һƬĹϢǺİĹϲȷʵС֮Уһеһж·ʵһ㡣
ܿģһŴſ֮УҶ쿴Ƕսħҹʮ죬ʱڷŭͽš
Ȼĺܡ
һﰡ
ҶЦ
ڵӣбµĺӴսһ
սħһӰΧϵķ֮зڹƻ־ΪԼˡ
ЩӰȻֲǲڿ˶սħ˲䣬˲ıһ޴ĴӰ
ÿһεΧһӰᰵ֡
˵Գħƻжãܹ
һҹʮȫǴ֮ţ׵ǿӲţ￪˵
ɡڵ˵ƲͿˣʱǾͳ׵ˣҪȻӣߣȴ֪ǵĶȻȴڸС֮е˵ʲôˣȻ˵ʱЩӰÿһǹϵǿߣʵǴﵽ˴۷زˣ˵궼Ϊʵʣʯ纣ϧﾹȻˣǵȴӡ
սħ˷ܵĽе
ƨٲȥǣҾҪƨˡ
֮ĹϵȻ
λǺǷҪ˳ڡ
һ
˳ƨȵͻ֮ڣ
սħŭĺ
ŶڵĴǲŶŮ飬ϲʲôζģ崿͵Ļǳ͵ģ
ͻȻһ䣬ٴεʵ
Ů
սħҹʮɫ΢ͻȻҹʮ쾪ϲĽ
꣬ôôĶ죬Ҷ죬𣿣
սħҲ¶˾ϲɫա

һЦѩɣѪͳ˸ǰɫ֮ļӳ֣Ҷ컹˭
㣿ô
սħҹʮ쾪ϲĽ


1901 
ϲ
ޱȵľϲԭĶսħҹʮΪԼһ군ˣȻﲻ˵ʵȴǸоһԼҪ군ˡ
û뵽·תҶ쾹Ȼ
ãһϹϽ뿪
սħͻȻķӦ˹ĺȵ
ǰ죬Ͻ뿪ϼһѾΪһڵȻ뵽ȴһע⣬ߣ
Ҷ̲סһ󼤶ǵģ൱ļ
Լûаװ׵Ľϣ߶ԼǾԵޱȹģǽԼ֮⣬Ȼ֮佻Ĳָ࣬ȴֿġ
ܹھ֮ҵѣ൱ѺͲ׵ġ
ǷİɣһѾѲļһ
ҶЦ˵
ˣ
սħҹʮɫ΢䣬̲סĶҶСʵ
ڵʵǡ
֮죡
ݣ
ڰް̬
ŭǱߵģȫȻû˸ղŵ嵨̬
찡ΪʲôҪѾ͵͵ĻٻԻϵ㡣
ǾǣҶ̬ޣҪ
ԭΪӲһزصľѧ䴫ڻͨһЩͿɰȺˣû뵽Ѿĸӵı̬
ߵǽһ
ǰ
ҶεĿЦ
ڱһţϣѾΧȫ׵γһǿһ㣬ȥĴ
Ҷֵһ㣬ʱǿźƺƵĲ޷Ƶı˳ֲЩȥֿסˣЩսħõǿʱҶ׾ٵıˡ
ѾģҪҪô˰
ҹʮ̲סķ˷۵˵
ʮĴ
ԼͶսħ˰춼ûн䳹׵Ĵ飬Ҷȴ׾ٵؽˣҪεǿſ
ðɡ
Ҷ쵭һЦ˵֮貹⻪˸
ͻأľʱڶսħҹʮΧһ޴Ӱȴ·Ǹоʲôһ㣬Ȼһ񱩵ŭ
ãЩǿߵ־ûʧڴҪ췴ˡ
ҹʮɫ΢䣬̲סĽе
ҰɣôʱǱˣڵǿԻֽţ
սħͻȻе
ĪĻԵȺһ̲صǹϵǿǵһ־Ŷڵ򣬴ӳ棬ô㹻Īĺôġ
սħ¶֮ɫ˵
Ը㶨
ŶսħҶ̲סʵ
һӰÿһλǰĪҫģһʵڴ۷徳磬ǿĺܣ֮Ӵ־ʱԵĴţ֪˶ٵʱˡ
еεȵĳ棬ҶҲ޷󵽵ġ
زأ
˫ֽӡǿ־ʱй
𣡡
һŭʱǿնʼ޷ڸǵĿֲƣһµħԳѸٵĵڶսħı
һħԳħһ㿪ٵأŭȭͷ·ǿɴǳһеһ㣬޷󵽵Ŀֲڴʱ׵ı˳
䡭
ѹ
һӰΪϵ֮дɱ¾ԭɬʱȴƺǱһ˿ǿͻ
䡭
һġdӡ⶷սħϿʼ˳

սħ﷢ƺǼˮһһ֮ħԳıһ޴Ӱȴĵˡ
һϵӰϢҪΪ֮Ҷ챾˶оһӰ޷޷Ŀֲ
زأǵزصĻ󣡡
ҶһʱڵķˣԼȻڲ֪ѾС˶սħһԼĿֲǿǿĲµϢһеһ޲ڿʼ

ֻƳ˶սħߣ·һһ㣬չ֮󣬾Ȼγһӡǡ
䡭
һֲʼ֣ʱĶսħ˫ĿȻպһȫһı
һӰʼزػǰǷ·Ǹо˿־壬оϢ
ʱʼڶսħϼӳ
޷죡
һڴʱ׷׵ıˡ
磬㣡
սħħԳѸٵӾȻ͵زһ޶һľȴ˲Ķʼע˶սħʳ֮С
ǿĲϢϵչֳ
һĪĶͣһǰδеĶ͡
Щϵǿǵ־׷׵ıսħȡˣһĪĻԵ֮У˵ֶεǿߵҲǺġ
Ϊϵؼඥ֮
Ӵ־עԼʩչϣڶʱ֮ԼС
һһӰȴԸģڶսħĵزػ֮ǿбȵġ
µĵزأһһһȺϵ־Ƿ׷׵ĿʼͶˣ֣жôĿֲ
Ҷ޷Ƕȥеǿ
ˣˡ
սħͻȻĿںȵ˫һϣħԳʱķŭſ֮һӰȻԵƥ˽ȥɵٶǺµģ˶޷󵽵ľ˺Ϳֲ
ת˲ѣսħ֮ѾǿҵĽâЩâÿһ·һһ㡣
ء
ĺ
һ޴Żʼɡ
һŻҶɫʼ䡣
ǵ֮ţһﾹȻ˵֮ţԣǵ죬ѹ
뵽˹ڵزصĴ˵Ҷ̲סһ
ȻĲɷ𣡡
ǵزصĴ˵ĻƺһģǵززڶȻѹ
ΪĴ֮ˣȻɵôֲӴ̬Ҳǲֵġ
¡¡
׶սħƲϵĿǣľȻһĽѡ
һԭڴ̫ž۷壬ƲϵıǣǷţӰ벽ֱӹɵ˴ľ磬һ׵ĽѾ޷ƿصıˣǵزرҲ޷ƿһ㡣
׽١û뵽Ȼ׽٣
ҹʮͻȻķЦ
ǵģΪ׵ĴߣҹʮܹıǶ׵ӣǿɽ׵ΪԼãѾǼ򵥵ֶˣ졣
֪ν𵽵жôĿֲ;ˣﵽģҲҶĵط
𡭡
һ޴Ӱֳ
һֳ֮ӰҹʮĻ
Ļ
е֮չ˲֮УȻ֮׵һա


1902 ڣ
¡¡
֮ŭޱ䣬֮УһѾ׵˺ѵˡ
ʱ֮УϢ
Ȼ֮زعȻǶսħֻǶԷĴߣȴҲΪݣһﵽ˺εŭԹ飬ض޷ϿĴߣ
ҶаԵһ̲ס
Ϊ̬ȴǶսħ𣬶ҹʮ졣
ѾĴʱһִΧƣÿһڴϸŵΪϵ֣ÿһöֲȭͷСȴĿĳЩ̲صΪڵ׵֮
ôֲ׵֮ǳ˿ԼԦģҹʮһЩû˳ԿĪĺô
죬죬
ҹʮ﷢˷Ц
¡¡
һ׵翪ʼӷĳ֣֣֮֮ŭ֮䣬ϵ׻ʡ
֮ݣ
ҹʮŭţʩչѧƽӡһööµûķĳΪĲƷ
ǶսħʱһһȥԼҪĶһϵӰʱ׵ɢħԳ˸ɾЩǿĲ˸޷ڸǵĲ˸
һĴ֮
ۣ죡죡
һҹʮͻȻĺ
ʮ
޴ʼ죬һɢ׵粨Ŀֲۼӳֵ֮УǿֲϵϢò񷶼ڲ
ǵģҾ׵ˣҾǵĵߣҲǵҵǰ
ҹʮͻȻϴŷĻߣĺȵ
һŭ֮һĻ谵һʱڣڲ
ʱڵĸоˣҹʮϣһֹϵġʥġµϢ
ϢֻΪϵſԴڡ
˵ǽύЩεȿµﰡ
ңңǲԶĵطɵĲ
Ʒ˫ĿҲɵùԲԭΪԼʵԼѾ˲ˣû뵽Լڻ൱ı߰
ҾȻΪ˵׵Ĵڡ
뵽Լõһ̻ʾȻ䵽زʵƷһƣ̲סڵϻȦȦ
𡭡㣬Ǵľ簡ˬ
սħͻȻ˫Ŀ貵Ĺâʼɣʥµ˵жڿʼë
Ҷ죬ɣһ
սħĿЦ
һڵʵﵽ˴֮һľ磬ʵĿֲĺܣ⻹Ǵһ۷徳ǣʱĶͻƵġ
У㻹㣡
Ҷװȵվ˵
Ҳڱӵ𣿡
սħ̲סһۡ
ñүһɣ
ţħ̲סһȵĺ
һڵʵҲǲ򵥣Ҳﵽ˴һľ磬ұħ̥Ѫŵزһħ̥ݻģȻıΪħ̥ţħ൱ư
һﾹȻҲﵽ㾳ˣ
ħ̥սħӶĵɳԼôʱ޲ںҹʮ쾭ɱ˵ܹﵽڵ㾳磬̶ܴҲΪս߶ġ
ţħȻҲԴﵽ㾳磬ʵöսħһľ档
ҹɣ㣬
ҹʮͻȻķ˿Ц
֮дһֱƵĲУƺҪһжһ㡣
׵УһһжڼӳţԺҹʮ֣ӵĿֲġ
׵ǿɲһ˿Եģʱȡ˶սħ֮Ѿ˸߲ε
𡭡
ħԳչֳزӰڣʩչͨâ貣ضҪ
衭
ħţŭ𣬾޴ţǳ˲񷣬˺˴أٲȻؼİһ㡣
һħԳһħţ޲ǴܵĴڣѪµĺܣߵĿζ൱Ҳ൱
ˣһΣ֮еǿһһʮˣÿһλʵ൱µģһٴεĲˣµγʮ˻ƣʮ˸ˣÿһλʵڴľϣʣµһٶˣҲдǿߣһٶˣΪͼҲڴ̫ž۷徳磬Ű벽Ĵڡ
ɶҶ칧˵
ôǿߣ
Ҷ̲סһ㡣
ʵ̫ˣҶ챾붼û뵽
ôˣȫĿԵһֲĴˣһŶˡ
ЩǿߣҲΪӵŴǿŻôǿġ
ǵģΪʱѾܳˣڵ˶û뵽һ㣬ΪҪչԼҲûнЩǿջأȻγôֲһ
ɽ͵
ҶЩڵĵȫΪ˵ջĴġ
û뵽û뵽
Ȼɸ׵ĶȻˣڵȴûʧȥԭһеһжûиı䣬ֻϳ⡣
Ҷˣһеˡ
ɣĺܺãܹܲҲıȽϳɹһ飡
ûնɱɣҶΪϲû뵽һﾹȻôá
⻹Ҫл˵ĶͣĻˡ
ȻȡᣬĶҶ˵
Ǵʲôʱ֣ҲӦѾ˼ƻ˰ɣ
⼸յʱ֮УԭļƻȥʳѹӵĻʳᱻǵռ죬ʱҲֿɵõġ
ɽ˵
ʳĸȻ٣Ҫȥǲʳռȴδǿܵ飬Ͼڵ޷ͶԷγɶԿģǻڴľ磬ôʱȥˣøǿģ
ҶҲȥСҶ컹ȥնɱ˶Է
˿֪ܲʱûڲʳ֮УĴҲʧȥá
ڲʳ
Ҷüͷ΢΢
ǵģȥ֮С
ڣ
ҶԼһ˿ԤС
ڵʥӣʥѾΪ˵һʥӵŴ˾ȻһϹʱǿߵ־ڿνһ֮֮ϣңҲԼĿʼʥΪڵĽӰˣţһʥӽʥŮ֮ѡһλΪԼİ£һǻҲȥףˣ
ž
âȻĴҶ˫Ŀ֮м
ʥӡѡʥŮ𣿡
˿˿ⲻϵҶѾʼһָоĪ鷳Ҫˡ
սħҹʮ졢ţħȥڣ
ʹ찡ʹ죡
ţħĿЦһ漴ĺͶսħֹͣս
ȥڣڿһ˲õľްԣҪȥҲ˼һµġ
ƺǿҶ֮д˿˿ɱ⣬սħ̲סĽе
ǵģȻֻںĵһ֣ȴҲֻһΣ˵ãҪ
֮УһֿɲϢɱޡ


1903 ӿ
֮أ֮Ϊնĵط֮һȴҲΪ˵ĵط֮һ
Ԫ䳹˲񷣬һɫϼ޾ҫ֮ת˼ʥ֮ء
Ⱥɽ֮У裬ƺ봹ԣĳϼϵȾ͸ǲĿΧȻһƬıǡ
Щÿһ˿ǹ£ﵽ֮γˣ಻ˣΪȻķ֮ء
֮£޾ǿػ߹ϵ󷨣ǿ
䡱
һգһ촫һɫﲻһ˻
𡭡
һ֮֮дһֿµıٲȻҪȥһ
ֲҲ漴ıȥһƿԿٵأƺһʵһ㣬ң֮޲Ҫһ񽣵ǰΪ֮Ϊ֮

͡

һĲֳֻ֮ϣһѺɣЩѺÿһ·Ҫռһ
һӰ֡
ЩӰں֮УȥΪĵط
ֺƥȴļµĺܡ
䡭
ٴεݻıĿһͷϽڣ̤һ㣬ھ֮ϣһ޲Ҫȥ
Էģȥʮң泯죬ʺò޲ǲ׵ĺܡ
һӴ󲨶ϵݻԷɿļԦһӳԭȥ
찡ƺϽôܣһﲻѾ𣿡ǰϽŴõѪ鰡ǿǹϵѪˣһﾹȻ˺õĻԵµļһﰡŴ֮۷徳ˡΧվȺڵǣ޲¶˾ɫ
ߡһ΢΢һϵȻչ˳
˵Ҳչֳ壬񱩵޲ĺۼϵļ¡ȻһĻۣȴҲ޷ǿֲڸס
һߣΧ֮ˣ޲ǸоԼһĽӲѪʼ
𣡣һϳ˵ݣ֮ҲȻʼû̿
ЩŻĳʱĲʳٴγΪ˰֮е㡣
ߡ
ٴεһĻǰȥһףʵǱѰ
Χڵǣ޲һ
䡭
¡¡
һϵĴݶЩˣ޲ſµ͵λ֮ÿһλŶһı仯ǱѰĿֲΰ
ڣ൱ϲ죬ϲޱȵ֮С
ΪڵһΰϲҪ
ʥŮʥӣ
մ飡
ڵĵλԺյĴԪ֮ж൱Ŀֲǿģǵͽڶ࣬žԵˣڵ൱ֲͿµġ
ˣʥŮĪյĴȻҲ˵Ĺע
ʥӣӵʵǷĵλԺգ֮ǿʥӣںܻܿᴫ
Ҵţ˵õһϹŴǿ־ڵû˿֪
ĵ΢ȴøӹ̺Ϳ
һʯǿ߷׷׵ĳ֣кܶഫԶѾˣȴɳ
ڵͿµɴ˿ɼǶôĿֲͿ¡
ԼȥһСʱʱ֮Ҳ˺ܶ࣬ȻѾûٴεĻˣЩڵĵٴεĵȴһӵʱ֮漴Ļٻ໥뿪
Ҳ뿪һӵʱѣռٴεĹ
ҫĹâ䳹˲񷣬ȼķ
һѸٵƿ˲񷣬֮ϡ
Щˣҫ˸ݻɫ߼Ԧɫ񻢡
ֳ񵶣ݡ
Ϊ׵һˣһֻɫħţ֮ϣ絶罣·ʱƿһ㡣
֮䶼Ϊ
һͷѩƮţ˫֮Уɺڲϵ˸ٲȻһħһ㡣
ҶͽرţɫȴԽغ
ڣõĲҪ飡
Ҷĺ
ʥʥŮĴ֮գʥŮվûȷ˵籣ܣԵڶû˿֪ĸʥŮʥӳΪޡ
ˣˣֲܿ϶ǹȥļˣǻϽǼ֮Ƿĺܣµĺܣ
ɶҶ칧˵
ߣ
Ҷص˵ͷ漴Ļֺȵ
һλǿ֣߳һÿһλʵϵݻɱ֮εȾ˺Ϳֲǿ졣
սħֳֵزħϴŵЦҹʮ˸˫Ŀͬ׵¡
һٶλǿ֮߳УµĲ˲ϯ


1904 ı
Ǻӵתһǳ֮峺͸Ϊʯһ㣬γʵʵǺӲϵʣıһķɵ
ЩģŹ϶ɣϢȻŹµĿ·ġ
ɱķԪʼ¡
ռȾޱ¡
һϵĴ
ټĴ֮Уֻˣеһݹ࣬ǼҪһ㣬ϴһ£ֲڵĺܣȴ·ǺںһһǿϢͿɲĲ޲ضһ㡣
ʱһķĴһֲǳ֮ǹ֮Уٴεɢһ貵Ĺ⻪
һƬ֮УϵĹ⻪ҫ˫Ŀ΢΢ƺ˯ŵӣĶ棬һλҲվ
Ŀ֮һȻεĺۼһ˫Ŀȴ罣һʵ˭ƾߵǰҲ޷ڸס
̬߰·ǿԽµһжƿһ㡣
ʥӣ
겻Ǳʥӡ
˫Ŀ˸˿˿ĹâһֿµϢʣϸϸĿȥ֣ᷢʥӱǰӵľˣ˫Ŀ֮Уʵľͷ·һ㣬ϸϸĿ˫ĿһɬĲ
ҪĪ𣿡
߻Լ˫Ŀһ˫Ŀ񣬴ʱ·Ϊ貵һ㣬ǿҵĲ˸
ʦȫ
ʥӳ˵
ʵ֮жޱȿµˣǳЩһ֮⣬ֻˣĪĵλȴҲСݹΪʥŮ˵ʦǺͬĽĸõϹǰǿߵĴУһ־̲صǿҲǲСģǽĸҲ֪ȡģܹһ־еĶǽĸҲĶ
ߵ֮дһֵ֮
ʦƾȭʥǽĸҲøӵģ
ʥаԵļ̲ס˵
ҵƨˣһ֪˼Īڷ֧ڵļ̳ߣδĽƿأΪĲҪ⽣յ𣿡
ȭʥ¶ЦЦɫʥӡ
ʦ
ʥ漴΢΢˼һ£ҲգѾǽĸͨˣԷûзԣϾͳˣ㡭
ʥӣȭʥؿ˵˼仰
ʦ𡭡лʦȫ
ʥ͵Ĺ˵ϣĸм
֮ϵջڵͻҲ˼£е޲¶һĨ˷ܵɫ
һ޴Ĺ㳡㳡֮С
ˣÿһλǰǿߣЩϵǿ֮⣬һЩµǿߡ
ټĹ㳡ʱΧ
Ͼһκʢᣬ˲ٵ˻ѡʱǿ໥һֻǲģеҲǲϵ໥ԼŵǿߣҲΪܹԺܹһõĳ·

һ޴쳹
ֻմһѾЩˣÿһλλȨ֮ǿĺܣԺҲΪ
ǻͬǹţϰ߷ζ̴棬а죬һһȺ˳㳡ĸλ֮еȴҲȻļСĳǿȥ
ȭʥҲС
Щˣڵǿߣµǿߣÿһλ϶һ޷ģĥʷʫ
ǺǣȭʥϣһοҪϲˣôõһӣʵĽĺܰ
ǰʣŹǿߵ־УԵǿǴĺܣɺúõĿסˣûǼϹͷȥ˵ġŵļƿسȭʥȤ
ǰͽԸӲ˵Ҳ޷ߵЩǶԿϲܵȥã
ȭʥȻô˵ϵЦȴһֱûжϹȻ⼸˵Ļν˵Ŀȥˣ൱Ŀĺ͸ˡ
Щǿ֮Уһźɫ۵ΪأԷ·Ǻڰƿһ㣬Ȼȴܹ׸оԷĴڣ˾ʲô˵ֻԹһС
ʱѵ
һͨ
ȭʥż໥ĸһ֮󣬲ŶŹ㳡еǿͷЦλҵʥӵĴϲ֮գмλڰæܹ֮ȭĳڴ˶лλ͹ˡ
ȭʥ̫ˣĵʥӴǿţ˼亱˰ǿĽĺܰ
㳡϶ʱ˴Ц˵
ǰǰȭʥ̫ˡȭʥ΢΢һЦ漴ٴε˵ͽʥӣϻȷʵҲѾҵһ㣬໹Ϊοģһӣһ֮ˣպˣȭʥҲ޺ģϲ֮տʼ
顭
һ޴ǵӲ֮ϳ֣һ޴ĺۼ֮УڼٵĿ񱼣ݻΪһɫѺۣѺٴε󣬶ʱһ̤գ˫ֱۣ
ټĲ񷣬ͥŲһ㣬֮Ĺ⻪˸Ⱦһ
ʥӣ
ʥӣʥӣʥӣ
ڵĵҲ֪˭ͷ֮УһλλĵҲʼĺȺ񷶼ʼҡҡ׹ǳϵ˸
Ȼһ˲ţ˼ﰡ
ʥӷ̬һʱ䣬ǿߵҲ¶һĨ֮ɫ
ʥӣܹʥĿҲֻ֮вʳˣϧϧ̫ˣ
һ۵Ͻ˵
仰ȴһĻһŭɫ̲סϽһۣ
ߡȷʵ˰Ϊ˴һһһλնɱȡ;ѪΪʮγɣܹȷʵǺܿ¡
𵭵Ŀ˵
Ȼ￴ȥɣĻ֮ϽɫȴȻһ䡣
ߵìܣһǿ߶֪ģϽǺһǿߣʳ½ص
ȻߵìҲǲԶġ
Ҳ֪ʱǳֵʱ̣Ȼб˴˵ԹޣȴҲܹ֡
ʱ
ٴεͨһ
ʥӽһǿ֮󣬲һλ˵ǰ
ȥʮµģǼȴѩˣ飬һ˵ķɡ
ü֮ȴһֿµĽת·ʱ̾Ҫɳȥһ㡣
ĸ
˱ڷ֧ڵƿأĸ
ʥӣʲô˼
ĸ֮д˿˿ĺ֮ɫʥ˵
ĸˣȻĴϲ֮գǽ֮ȴҪĸĳȫ
һǽĸߵһλŮȴ̲סĽһ
Ҳʼسʥӿ˹ȥ


1905 С椣þò
Ů䣬վ޷ڸסֲֿ⣬һʵһ㣬¶
һ·תһ㣬ޱȵĿֲͷ
źϵ޷ȥĮӣѾкܶſڳŮӲʱĿϼۡ
Ī飡
Ů۽ĵۺĪ飡
𣿡
ĸҲ¶һĨɫʥӲ֪Է˵ʲô
ʵϣҺѾ㺣ƤϱˣһΣ뽣ĸ˳ȫ
ʲô
ʱ˾
ǹ㳡һˣһеʮλ޵ŮվС
£ڴǽתףÿһλڴ̫žľ硣
һȺǿߡ
ǵ֮Ҳ൱µģڵʥŮ
һӦñѡеˣû뵽ʥӾȻڱ˵Ī֮и飬⾪ȻҲΪǿҡ
ʥʲôˣ
ǺܻܿΪδڵƿߣϹʥ͵־Уʵͨ죬ʥŮҲڿʥӣû뵽ǣһﾹȻѾĪ鹴һλʥŮԿ
˵ʲô
ĸɫҲȻĿʼ仯
ü΢ʱĿʥӣһĽȻֳȴδȻҲǹ˼ɵ˽ⳡ档
ͨ죬һ޴Ӱֵı˳һ޴Ӱһ޷ĿֲӰӴĽ⣬ıţһ˲ľ˺һſŵǳһ㡣
ֲƥľ޴󲨶ϵ˸
ȻһɽδǿֲϢȴʥӵɫȻĸı䣬
ֲֿϢҲʼĸĿֲ
Ľĸ㾹Ȼ˵ѹңƿڣϹʥ͵Ŀֲ־׵ҵҪ˭ܹѹסңѹң´ҾҪѹƵϡ
ĸΪǿȻʦͬǽ͹£ΪĲףǼѩĻ壬˳嶯ĺܡ
뵽ԼԺܹĪʦĸ㶨ԼİģǿҵʥӵԽķȴû˿иԽ˵ĸˣҺܵĽӴ飡
һĸϸһı仯
漴Ľ̽͵ץסһѾĶ²ֹĪϡ
һ̣ȴݺݵһ
һĪ飬ȴȥ
飬˵
ĸʱķŭˡ
ʥˣĸȫĲãĵԺҪƿĽڵļ̳ߣĪĳΪʥӵˣǺܿĽҲΪԷ֮ġ
ȻڽڣȴҲǷָģԵɣ˵ȫıʥƿأ޷󵽵ġ
ʦ𡭡
ĪҲû뵽ʥ˵ıɣȻô˵ǰ˵һԵڱԼ
ˣȻСүûжͷȴҪԶӵУˣԤŮˣȻԼ彻ˣȢ֮εĵ㡣
뵽ĪĽԽĻѳɣĪ鲻Ǵ֮ʥҪĸ⽣ڵ
ĸſǴ֮ߣ治ͽܵģǾ͸ʦġն뷨һȥΪ󵽵ġ
Īϴһ˿ʹҶ飬ǾԲܹ˵ȥģĻŽΪЦҽʱǽڵĵλҲܵӰ죬Լʦ𷴶ΪܵĪ衣
˵ԼϵĻһʥǶȻĲĸʵġ
һʱ䣬Ī̲ס뵽Ҷ졣
ˣڰǰȥˣȻʱУĪ鲻ֻһε뵽ˣԼռˣһеһжҶʧˡ
޷ı飬˭Ҳ޷ı顣
Ҳͬģ
ĸĺ޷ڸǵŭ⡣
Ȼ֪е׷ʲô飬ȴԼĵӣʥĶĪĴ֮ҲһжʥΪԼĵʲôƷУ˽⡣
ܹ飬ʥռԼӵıˣҲʥı£ȻԼĵĸԸġ
ʦ𡭡
Ī֮˸ŸмɫޱȵĸжԼʦΪԼκε顣
ʥӵ϶ʱһɬû뵽һԼȻʧˣ⽣ĸȻӦԼôܣ
ⳬʥӵԤϡ
ȭʥҲȻĿʼ仯
Ҳû뵽ӣĸ뷨Ȼôǿҡ
ʦãĪĲеôļ򵥣ǸҲ֪ģڰ츲صǸСӣҶܹڸǶãʱһҷĻڽΪ˵ЦģҵĵӣϲģǴ֮ȴҲϲѵԼԶһ𣿡ʲô
ĸޱ䡣
ｻ˳˸޷
ʱȴ˽ĸѾʼڱ仯ˡ
ĪεȵԼʦɫ֮Ҳ̲סһʱĿȭʥһۣȻ޷²⵽ȭʥ˵ЩʲôȴҲԲ²š
뽣ĸ˳ȫ
ʥٴε
ĸʱȴҲüʱһ仰ǿԸıܶĶ
Ҷˣ֪ģȻû뵽ԼĵӾȻҶйϵ
飬Ӧ֪ҶĸģһĵģҲλΪǵΪѰɣ
вв
һʱʥĪֱӵı˼¡
ʥӵвȴ൱µģԷ˵ʲô飬»ڶҪġ
쵰쵰Ǹ쵰ˣ𣿡
ĪĿʼ
飬ҲһĴĺӣ㻹Լɣʦã㿴أ
ȭʥٴεĿ˵
˵໥󣬵ǻһȴ̲סüͷǵļʶȻĿԸоп϶ʲôèģֻЩèԼ֪Ķѡ
顭ô㲻Ը⣬ʦΪڵȴҲȻĲв㣡
ĸĻؿڣȻü𣬵֮ȴǿҵĹâһΪԼĵӿԺκսĹâû˿ȥвԼĵӡ
顭ͬ⣡
ĪĽ촽˳
ϲʥӣ
ϲʥӴˣʦͬˣҸϲϲ
һĹϲݳһ̣ʥ˶Ҫļƻڵеͨˡ
աϲȻ˼ޣ
͡
֮ϣһֲƿ֡
ʱǿտʼһ
ʲôˣ
һǿȻŭ
һâ˸ſµĲ·һ㣬ƲɵһȭӶʱԷһȭɣѪ硣
˽䱸˲䣬ĪȴһϤС椣þò


1906 
ˡ
׳۵ĳ氡
֮ǿգʵʴ췭ظ񱩶Цһ̣㳡޲ڳտ˹ȥ
һ˳
ţħ£̤գҹʮ죬׵
Ʒһ֮д˿˿ζ˷·صĿһһԴӴǶսħϵõһ˿֮󣬴ʱѾøӵǿ
սħֳֵزħ죡
ǿֲ¶֮·Ǳ⼸˵Ӱĸǿֲ޷ڸǵı˳
ôǿߡ
Ҫ˵ţħͶսħ𣬵ĴƷϣ˶оһֿɲϢƣȻЦȴûһ˵ȥСԷ
̨֮ϣһվȻݣڴ˳֮е޲ǵɴԼ˫Ŀǻϵļⶼڿʼ
׷ѩƮɺ˫·ħһ㣬Ѫ
Ҷ죡
ⲻҶ컹˭
һﲻ
һ̣е޲ʼٴγŻ˹ȥԳնɱҶһĴڣڶԷûһ൱Ҳ˶ڻһ뷨
Ҷ㾹Ȼţҽջܵʥӵ˫ĿԹĹâʱѾൽ˼£Ťһ㿴Ҷ죬޲õĽҶҧӡ
Ҷһݺǲʳĸ־Ҷ
û뵽Ļĵ˵ҶնɱϢȴû뵽Ȼûʵӵǿˡ
ǰղһǿҲڴ֮ĵزϣһϵĻʯǿߣȴû뵽ȻҶһдɣְڶҪˡߣʲô÷ڵģҶȻǿ󣬵ȴҲֻһС֮еǿ߿ǺܶģѾôʱˣĿֲڣ˭ܹǵĶְ
㳡֮ϣһֹϵĴ
ڸ̨֮ϵĽĸ¶һĨɫʱĿҶ죬ƺҪҶϿʲôһö֮ƺû˿ĶУֻһǿҵĺ档
ȭʥ˫Ŀ΢΢ǲϵʱȴһĿ֮ϣһ˫ĿŰƷһˣâ
Ļ쵰쵰𣿲𣿡
ʥӵķĺ
ǻһ˿־ѹƣڵҪȥҶѹסǵҶȥĪ飡
㡭ʲô
Ҷһ˲䣬ĪĽѾʼ
˷ܣģˣɬǣ
ںһ𣬵ȴĺܣϵһ㣬̹Ƕ䡣
ҵŮ˶Ҫ˸Ȣˣôܲ
Ҷ컺ЦȻﲻ֮࣬ȴһĨµ־мӳ֣·ʯһ㣬˭Ҳ޷ƿ
һĨίĪУһֶʱί֮й
ҧסĪȻڲȴǿӲıԼ־ǿ
ҶҪˣ߲ˣʥӴĺ
ͬǶһŤ⡢ŭ⣬޷ڸǵڱ˳
ǻԭҪ֣ȴѡ˾䣬ڵĵ̣޷󵽵ģ˵Ҷ쵨ǾģԴֺαȥ֣
ߺߣõһǿߣϵ𣬾ȻһСκβˣǷų˸оİ
һϽЦֹĿǻ˵
ž
кݺݵһӿڵĻȴ֪ڲŭʱϽˣС
߲𣿡
Ҷ˵ɴĵЦһɺȴŷ˵âͬǱһ㣬󲻶ϣ˺ת˲ʥӵǰʱʥӵĲһĺ⣬׹߰ĺ⡣
һ쵰ȻҸо˿־壿ȫĲܣһʵȻĲôǿͿֲģǵõϹߵ־޵ĿܣЩҵʹﵽһ£ǰСܹҶԿ
ʥӵзĺ
ߣ뿪
ĪͻȻȵ
Լ֮ˣĪһֱһǿҵĸоһָӵںγɵĸоʹޣģ
ƺУԭҪɱҶ뷨ƺǿʼС˺ܶ࣬ĪֻһʹԼûõģ޷ԼƽϢ
֪Ҷ챻նɱ֮ǸоԼĶҪˡ
ߣȥ
Ҷ쾲ؿǰŮˡ
֮£ǽˣȴ˲٣˺ܶ࣬Ҳ˲١
õȴɴڣŮˣǺǰһǿ
㰮ȥȥҪҿ㣬һҪɱ㣡
ɱңͳڳ֣ĻҾһֱ
ҶĻ￴ȥƽǿ־ȴ뵽Īģԭķڴ˿̸ӼٵĲ
ϣ
񽣳ʣĪޱȵĿҶ죺߰
ڳԣ
Ҷɺ˸һգգĿĪ顣
㲻Ҫң
ʱǿʼ￴ȥ൱ζ
ǸɵӶԿĳҶĪ֮϶èģ뵽ʥʱЩǿǵĻӾǲ֪еʲô飬ȴҲԴвֵġ
ͳ֣
ҶʱѾøӼͣ˫Ŀͬһ㣬뵽Īģԭ޷ᶨķĴʱøӵļ
׳գ㵹߰
ڵʱʼʧ
̫ΣˣĪ鲻ٴεҶȥȴֳܹڣԼʦƿأҶһ˸ǵĶ֡
ߣҲҪһ뿪
ҶһĨЦ⡣
飬֣аħܹ֮Ź
ȭʥͻȻںȵ
ߣߡ߰
ĪһĨµɱ⡣
ߡ
͡
֣Ľâӳ棬һâһ㣬һɿµĽ⿪ʼ
ۡ
壡
Ҷһ˿ʹĪ飡
ǰһѾļ͸塣
Ѫص
һ̣еĳҶ￴ȥһʱ俪ʼüž
Ůˣ
һ˿ɱţħ˫Ŀ֮С
Ҷ椾˵ʱõĲҪ֣ɣҶٺøߵ椼ɰܹݲ˵ѡԲУ
Ʒһ૵
һʥӵҲ¶һĨЦݣǵ⡭


1907 𺳣
Ī޷ŵɫҶ죬ҶʵܵĶ㲻ȥģԼҪնɱǲܵġ
ΪʲôΪʲô㲻㿪
Ī֮д޷ŵɫˮ޷ƵĶ
͡
Ҷ徹ȻǿеٴǰֱӵĽǳٴεĳԼ֮д̴
ʱ񽣾Ȼֻʣ˽档
ΪʲôҪ㡭
Ī飬Ҷ¶һ˿аЦݡ
һžµʱѾ滨꣬Ǵ޷ڸǵʹ
ָ΢Ǿµ°΢΢һҶ٬̧ǽͺݺݵĪӣϡ
Ϥ㴽ȫİռʹƺǸûжҶγ˿˺
ء
Ī鿪ʼǾҵţǺܿҶȴԵ޳ܵԼͷǱݴ򿪣񱩵İռȡĪǸ֭
ȡϵȡţĪʼ𽥵ļȻ޷ƵıסҶ졣
ԶԼӣࡣ
˵ζС࣬޲Ϊ֮ġ
һ̣ƺ˭û뵽ȥƣǲȥƣǳ׵ľˡ
ڵʥǰȥǶԷеʥŮ
ڵǿǰϷǵĵӣ
Ŀ֮£˵ķ
Բһ˿ĵģ֮Ҳûʷڡ
֮µĳ֣ǽڲ
ʮĵ찡
Сӡϲ
ĸ¶һĨ΢ɲЦ⣬Ц
ҶİԵҶĸԼĸҵⶼǽĸ͵ģЩȴԵĲʥӿȥġ
ҶҪ
ô˵棬ԼԤŮˣôĲǴʲôһǺݺݵĴԵĻʥӵڹƶˡ
Ҫ˵ĵλݣΪһˣⶼ޷ܵģ󵽣գ򶼻֪ʥӵŮ˱ҶĿ֮ᱡˣĴˡ
ĵλƱػһǧɵģ
ΪЦġ
ȴû뵽һеĳ֣ƺԼǵġ
Ҫ
ʥӵĺţȻһˣ
Եģ˵ĺҲȥǣôǸ
սħĺе
֣
ƷҲֽһһԽ׵չ֮ϷγһװĴڣĹʼݻ
ʹ٣
һʥʹı󣬾޴ֲʥʮֽɿĳɱȥ
ܹˡ
ţħƲƲ͡
ǿԷģˣѹȺ֪Ļ쵰
ȭʥɫޱѿĺ
Ҷһ˲ֻڴʥӵҲˡ
ȭʥǺεȵһȭ񷣬һȭǿգ˫ȭǬĴڣҪ군ˣȫı˺ѵˡ
ϡ
ڵĵĳ֣µɱ֮һ
˺󡣡
оʥӵİ羢Ҷ˫Ŀ˿˿âʥӸղŲĪ鶼ˡ
ǵģʥڶѾˣĪҶһģ໥ǵ̬εĲǶĸ˵һĪ谡
ɣŮ
Ԧʮ죬ıһʥ͵Ӱ֡
һʥ͵Ϣһ֣Ȼϯ֮ϣǿ޲֮ġ
һֺεǿϢһӰȻģȴҲԿĳһ¨ӰԷ崣УٲȻһƽ̬ͷųϢȴ·һɽһ㣬Ȼ˵޲һЩʵСǿߣȻûѪ˳ȥ
쵰
ĸüһʱĿʼ¶һĨ޷ڸǵŭɱ⣬εĿʥӾȻڶԼĵӳֱ֣
ʦãúõ￴Űɣ
ȭʥֿס˽ĸȥ·˵
ϴſµŭݣյѾ׵ķŭˣǶĪҲһֺ⡣
ȭʥҪҪʥǵ˵ҵĵӣҽǾԲŹǵġ
ŹңĸҲ˼˵ǽȫûнʥϣʥĵǿģΣĪҪã㽣ڣҲû
͡
Ҷ͵Ľ񽣳ѪȻȥˣʵƾľǿֲЧԼ֮ġתͲԭ־ѧˣתǸ߲εһ༶ǿߵȼҪֲ
ҶһΣҪ׵ʧ
ʥӼԦűʥӰʱһֻ޴ƻĳҶӡ
ȥޱȣȴϵİκεĽǶȶ޷·ԼͱҪѹһ㣬ֲϢ޷ڸǵϲ
ǿɱ¾֮Ҷ춼̲ס΢΢ü
⵹ʥӣǶһʥӰǿо˾ȣ²ûдһʥ͵ӰԭʵӦǲ༶ĵزȻܴﵽֺ˵ĳ̶ȡ
˵㲻ʲô
Ҷ˫Ŀ˿˿ɺ죬һȭʥ͵ЦݣҶ͵һȭӶ
ˡ
֮У˸֮⣬ϵĹ⻪˸´Ӵ֮򵽵Ҷ֮Ϊ֮Ŀֲ޵͸
ʥΣͳͳҡ
Եƥ쳹񷡣
һ̣Ǿ޴ӡȴѾݺݵذҶ֮ϡ
䣡
޴Բĵ涼ڲѵĺۼɣһķĵػһУԵģĹϷʼˡ
ѹˣ
ôܣ޷ѹ
ʥӹȻǿһʥ͵ӰҸоһ޷ֿϢǿߣ˼𰡡
֮Уâת˸Ҳû뵽Ҷ쾹Ȼô׵ľͱѹˡ
Ҷ㲻Ҫ³
ʥӷĴЦ
Цȴ͵Ȼֹ
ӡ
һ񱩵ĺ̫ͬһ㣬ıһ̣ķڣͬ񱼣ڹѣһķĶı顣
һȭ
һ޴ȭͷ貵Ĺâ޾ɱʥӰϳ
Ӱʮ׶
֮Уҫ˸һļµٵӿ
һֻ޴ȭͷȭͷʷʫڸ̣·֮ķŭƺĿ
Сң
ȭʥĺ
䣡
޴ȭͷʥӵһţѪȻ
һӰǳĿռվţȻƥ


1908 ȭʥ
׷ѩźâϣ˫ֱվ֮ϣһѪ
Ҷ죡
ȻҶ죡
е޲㵵Ŀһеĳ֣ԭҶ첻ѾʧѾһϹʥ͵־Ӱѹ
Ҷ첻ûбѹҷʥӱѹˡ
Ѫʥֻʣ˲壬Դ˫Ŀ֮дžɫ
𡭡
һĺʥӵ﷢޷ŵĿҶ죬ǿУĵطϵѪ
ҶһȭѾ׵
ܵģΪʲôӣ֮ӣĳʲôûֲŵֺ֧Ϊʲôôǿ󣡣
ڶţʥӵŭĴݳȴ΢ľˣڵ޷ȥȡΧԪ޲Լ
㣬ȻųƲ𣬵ҲûоֲĴŻܣΪϵĴǿȴҲ˵ԼĲ
𡭡
ʥӰһ˻ԭķƵ̬ʱȻı仯ޱߴӰ֮ϣڱ
ʥͣҲ֮Ϊʥ𣿡
ҶЦһһϹǿߵ־ȴҲǶԷһִҶ֮ۿĿʥӰŵһֲԹǺεȵǿ
˵Ҷڲȥնɱʥӣǹ˲֮һϹǿߵ־Ҳ˱ģʱʥӻ߲Ҹǿ󣬵ȴҲܵʥ˱ġ
ҵĵӰ
ȭʥٵĳ֮УסԼӵİ
ʦ𡭡𣡱𰡣
ʥӵѪҲ漴ɢΪ⡣
ҶһȭſֲĴ֮ԪʱǿǿĺܣҶҲñ༶ǿҪ߳һЩʥӵԭ㲻Ҷ죬ڸӵĴ磬һȭϵȫҶƿ֮С
ȥɣʦ㱨ģ
ԼĵԹĿģȭʥﻺؿ˵
ž
Ưȭʥһ֮ɫԼĵӣԼĵӣΨһĵӣԼǰȭʥεܹܵס
ڵӣȫ֣շǺҶй֮ˣһ
ɭȻ쳹֮ʣ·Ǻһĵ˵̲סĴһ¡
Ҷʲôݣǽյնɱҵĵӣ͵øۣĽֻ֣
һ֣ħ޿һ㣬ȭʥһ˫ĿʱѾޱȵĿֲ캧صƻشڿʼӳ
ȭʥĻոյʱڵڲһİ֮ʼڿշ𣬽Ͽյĵƶ䡣
ҶһƬɱ֮
˸ı⻪ڲϵɢ⣬һǿߴʱѾսħһ˰Χ
Ƕսħһȴ⣬ⱳǻһٶǿڰûг֣⽫һơ
ҽڵӣһ׼
ĸȴڴʱ֮д޷ĵζ
ȻȭʥղŵľٶʥΪѾ׵ļŭΪĸŮˡ
Լĵӣ˭ȥ۸ģȭʥһ˲۸Լĵӣǻ㽫նɱεܹȥԼĽٴεı˸ݺ
ĸںΪУ
ȭʥϴɫĺ
ȭʥɴ治ڣҲҪˣҽʸԲȥڵķ
ĸ˿õЦ
ҶʵˣԼĵĻģ뵽Щȭʥӵǿҡ
ܺãĸҵģҽСӽ֮ǽھ͵ҵŭɣ
֮зǴһֿµɱ֮
ȭʥٴεĳҶ쿴˹ȥ
Сֿ֣²Ǳϵô򵥰ɡҶߺߣ𣿡
Ҷ˫Ŀ˿˿ɺ죺ϼһҪ֪ĻҾ͸㣬Ҷ죬ҵ֣ɲҪ֣Ϊҵеģ
Բѣҡɱ
ȭʥŭĺ
䡭
ڵǿǣ׷׵ʱһɭȻĽ⡢ǹȭӡ׷׵ĳ֡
ӴϢϵشȭʥϿʼӳһǿ־ѵһе־·ħһ㡣
ԽԽӴƲϵĴȭʥ¶
ǿȥڷԽľ˺Ϳֲ
͡
Ũ۵˫ָϣȭʥ˫ȭһķâʼγɣ޾Ĺ⻪˸һִݿĲڳƻš
ǿƥ
ǵСһ㣡
ҶȻ˵ȴСĵĽ䱸ţǰȭʥǻҪֲԷʵµڴ֮İ쾳磬ǱҪ߳һȼ
Ҷ첻ֻǴľѣĺͶԷԿϵĻǵСһ㡣
žžž
ȭȭʥ˫ȭʼȻıŷ
䣡
ȭͷȻ֣ٶͬһ㣬ǿݵȭͷʱȴͬһööǳһ㣬ÿһȭ޷󵽵ľĿռҲ֮Ŀʼ
ҡ
ȭʥɽͻȻҵһᣬʩչͨҶǰҶһȭ
һ
Ҷ˫ʩչʥȭ
ƿذӡȭּԦȭ
ȭÿһֶٲȻһ־ĴɱС
䣡
ߵȻײһ𣬵ʱһĲڲһɫĺۼѿֻǺʱѣѺҲѾٵı仯Ϊǧ׵ĵز
žž
׵罻ӣҶȭʥߵսѸٵչݵʱ֮УȻΡ
֮޲ڱǿֲݻΪһĿռѺۡ
һʵôܣ
εĽ֣ȭʥһľȣȫû뵽СȻԴﵽ˾˵ĵزϡ
ԼĳҶ쾹Ȼȫĵֿסˡ
ˣ
ȭʥ̲סһ⣬һ޴ĻֳһӰľ޴˫ȭ졣
һϵĻ󣬾ȻԶŵζϢ
Ҷһ󣬵һ޴ľȴѸٵĳҶ˹ȥ
ʱҶ컹ûзӦʱֻоԼǰһһɴĳ֡
飡
Ҷ챻һȭصĻУֱԼٶȳ˵¡
ȣ
ȭʥٴεĽƿص˼£Ǵǿ㹻Ϊ֮
죬ǰתԼĳֽǶȣҷ·ǶȻһ㣬ֻһĲ࣬ǾȻôࡣ
аԵ˼š
ŵģÿһλʵǿߣҪ˵ȭʥǽĸʵҪúõȥ˼һġ
Ҷ졭ȥɣ
ȭʥ˫ȭſµȭ⣬ȭʵʾȻ֮ϵһ谭Ĵ顣
Ǹ̨֮ϣλźɫ۵ˡҶ졯̲֮סһ󶶶ƺǶֵӡ̡
žž
֮ϣͻأĳһžĲ
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ȭʥȭͷסˣһ֮У޷ڸǵĿֲҲʼٵı˳ȥ


1909 仯
𡭡
Ҷ﷢һ춯صĿ޴ĺ֮дǿҵ𶯺ŭһ㡣
ӡ

ռ֮зһ춯صҶĶ·ǿʼûǿյϵ谭ĳֻ֣Ҷ棬ȻķһɲĹ⻪˸
䡭
ȭʥֱӱҶס󣬶ҵ˵ϡ
飡
ضʱһ캧صľ𶯣
ƣɳ裬䣬ǹɴĲĿֲ;ˡ
žžž
ȭʥ建ĴݵĵϷɳƵΪֲ˫Ŀ΢΢ԭ˫ĿʱȴѾҫǳһ㣬Ŀ֮ϵҶ졣
žžž
ۣ¶ȭʥشݳ
ˡȭʥݺѾˣȴʹʲôоˡ
ƻ޲䲻Ĵһ¡
̲֮صζʵ̫ˣµľˣе޲ʶڵȭʥĿʼŭˡ
Ҷ˫Ŀ˿˿âɺ˸Ȼղſȥռһ˿ˣȴɲȥˡ
ǰȭʥٴεĸ߳һȼȻֻһĲ࣬ҶȴԴиоһǿҵķ
Էǿ
͡
һƿڶ쳹Ҷ˫ĿȻһâ˸һ֮ٵĿ񱼡
顭
һĲ漴Ŀ֮ϣһĲƿʼٵĳ֣ľȻʵһĹ
ꡭ
ȭʥȭͷΪģԲķΧ·֮֮ܵһ㣬ǿƻȻĿʼȾ
¡¡
Ҷٵĺˣòˣǿо˿ֲѹ˾˵ƻֱӽƷɣ
Ȼȥ𣿡
ȭʥ˫ȭɢž캧صĿֲһ貵Ĺâ˫ȭۣ˫Ƕǳһ㡣
ǳһ֮ƺǳĲ
Ҷ΢΢һ
ҶӦó֮ΪΪҶˣٶȺܿ죬ľѧҲǿֲҿԸоĳʵҲڴ֮ľ϶ѣȴ˵ĶԴˡ
ȭʥ֮дſµɱ¾֮
֮Ĵ˷
ɣȭʥһȭķԲﶼڲȭʥѾﵽһεȿֲľ硣
ҪŵĻҲδǲܵ飬ǹԹԵľѧҵĿһ£ľѧ
һĪϣ·ǿԺǿһ㣬ǿϢΪ֮
Ҷ־ǿʯڵľӵκεѹȣҶû˿ĵӣ˫Ŀ˸ɺâ
ˡңʸͱ𣿡
Ц֮УҶȻһž֮Ҳٵ쳹һ㡣
ҶǾ˲༶۷ǿߵĴγɵ˳̶ȣ˼£ʱȻת˼֮ڵҲʼŷ
΢漴֮漴ݻ˼¡
ֹϵ֣˲ĺɨȭʥ˫ĿʼþâһĴС
ֲֿϵϢвĽ䱸
Ҷ죬ԹԵͶһĪһ𣬷Ļ㽫۵ˣ
вҶ˫Ŀ΢΢Ϥ޲ҶֵʱǾζǰһѾ׵ļŭˡ
ȭʥ޷󵽣ԼһѾԭѵıڿʼ׵Ŀȭʥһ궼޷õϢģֻҪҶĪһ£Ҿһɱ㣬ڶҪΪԭ׵ı
֮д޷ڸǵǿ־ضž죬ȻҶ־Ѿ˲񷣬ǿϢ޷ڸǵıԺյĲ֮£صҶǾ˵ľġ
ȻˣǱʥͻѵȥɣ
ȭʥȻĳ֣ͬһǺһ㣬ȭͷݺݵػӶ
һȭƻʵϿ쵽˼£ȭͷ񷶼ƺǸĽŲʼҡΡ
¡¡
ȭδ
ȭȭӡ죡ҶȭͷҲѸٵĻȥȭẦ¶ԷȫĲ

޲Ǹȭȭ˫ȭصײһ𣬿ֲ˲䱬ΧǿնʼȾĲ

Ҷһ˺ÿһὫ̤顣
оԼһ΢ʹҶҲѾ˽⵽ǰ֮˵ʵȻǴ֮ΪѾ뵽˴۷徳ˣȭС˵ȴû˿ã
һʱ䣬Ҷָϵĸо𾪵ȭʥҶ¶һĨЦ⣺
棬ֵˡ
ôܣҵȭȭںһ𣬾ͬһǿҲȻĲóȻӲӲҾˣԷҲ˵ģСӵʲôѧ
̲סĳһ˿
֣Ҷ쳤趯Ȼĳ֣ľȻһɿһ㡣
ں˰ӡȭ;ȭ֮һȭȻֻһУȴԱǧʽһȭ֮£
ãʲôȭȭʥһĲ
Сӣ
ʱ޷ܣֻܹӲȭʥ﷢һŭʱĿʼ˺ޣ˲ҶǰӶ֮Уһ޴Ӱ֡
Ļȭ֮
ӴʼӿйȻǿյǳҡҡ׹Ĳеֱӻͱ
ɣ
Ҷ˫Ŀſɲɱ⣬Ȼĳ
䡭
֮£ҶҫģһȭǴص컯˲ŭһȭ֮£ﳼ
꣡
ۡ
һ֣ǿʱ㵵Ŀ֮ϵΣȭʥѪȻֱӴ˳ȥ
ߡ
ҶһҲһ˿Ѫ
ȭʥһȭҲ̲űҶƼӳ֣һǧٱļӳֵĳ֣κβԷ
Сӡǿ󣡡
ĸдžɫˣҪȥȭʥսȴҲȻĲʤģǺܱܿԷ˵ġ
䣡
ڵ񱩵˺ѳȭʥѪûסˣҶ֮ѾһĨ־Ĺâ
ǾʱһâȴѸٵγɣע뵽ȭʥ֮С

ҰްĿ
ϢȻȻѹȭʥԭϢ
˵ı仯Ҷ΢΢һҲٵ˸¶˽䱸ɫ
˭Ҳûпǹ㳡ĸ̨ϣź۵һĨĻߣȻһĵζ
𡭡
ȭʥ͵һһĺڰϢȻʼֳһ˫ĿҲ䣬ײкѪ


1910 㣿
Ϣʲô
ĸ¶һĨɫĲһڵɣааεȵĴ⣬Ľԣɵ
ϢϾȻҵڷڣ޲õȥѹΪʲôȭʥղŵȭ֮дһǿĲֲȻ㲻ȻȴмӲֻڵǺڰΪĺڰ
Ҷвϵ˼š
Ҷ죬Ҫɱ㡣ȭʥٴεĳ֣һε֮оȻһֿµа֮ǰȭʥѾȻĻΪһħһħ̬
ǿҵϢҶ춼üͷ

һ֮оȻһݻһɫӰͬħһ㣬Ѹٵĳһǿ߾˹ȥ

ǿߵһĲҽȭʥȻſͣŶԷĲҧȥһɹɵľѪȻȥ
ǡǿһ˵嶼ʼ
ħȭʥѾħˣ
˾
ǵģַħ̬Ѫޱȵķ

ٴεкâһеʮ˵â׵ȥйƤһ㣬ٵή
ˬĸоҵ壬ҵһУڸı䣡ȭʥڷŸı䣬ԭȥʱȻޱǿǼȫĸı䣬ӹģΪһʮģ׳ꡣ
ааĸһ𣬲ڵĸ߲ҲѾע⵽ˡ
еڵӣ뿪䱸ϵĴݣû뵽һ̣˵֮˵ȻҲٵĿήĲЩǿߵĺ󳾡
ãһаħ֮ȭʥľȻħ
Լ˶Ҫɣȭʥаħʲô
һҲ¶˽䱸ɫղŵЩǿߣӴ֮һ쵽첻ȣȴûһԵֿסȭʥһС
ֱ仯̫Ŀֲˡ
üһﰡѪҪˡ
Ʒ¶һĨ֮ɫ˵
ǲҪģʥֻҪЩϵһ־Ѫѣ֮ǰ̸ĽҲǿԼеģƺӰ֮Ľס
ȭʥŻ𻺻ؿ˵
𣿡
ȭʥģƺħ̬ɫҲ滺˺ܶࡣ
ϱȭʥ˵Ҳ˶ԷԼʵЩ΢֮˿ԱģҲ¶Է
ףȭʥ㾹ȻͲʳнףǱڵּ
ĸ˿˿Ľâת߳

ЦٴεĴȭʥﴫʱȭʥ˫Ŀа⣬ǽĸʱڶԷǰ͹µĽѰš
ٴεע⵽Ī飬֮еаâʤ
֮ŮˣһʦһǵӣȱʥС֮ǺúõһĸôˣȻǶһˣʥ϶Ҫ˵ġ
ϣ
ȭʥ˵裬ĸ϶ʱһ쳱Ǳĵµı֡
Ҫ˵ķŭģŭģӵ˰յ֪ʥġǷԵֿס
˵ٴεĳĪ鿴ȥڶԷĽѰţ·ҪĪ齿ϵȹһ㡣
ʥ޷ܵŮˣʥʦҲԸһһĸһζ϶ס
ʱȭʥȻ·Դ
ȭʥõ־ܰɣĻڵ϶ὫնɱҵǸʱ㽫᳹׵ʧȥġôִ϶ԴﵽԼаĿ𣿡
ĸ߳
ȻڷڣԴӷڵʧ֮ѾΪ˱ʥ£ȵǶ˱ʥŮˣܵ˱ʥ֮ȻġУ˵Щִϣº͵𣿡ȭʥ޳ĿЦһа˫ĿȻĳŹ㳡̨ϵļ߿ȥ
ȭʥעӣʱһйһĶ£ȻǺ¶Է
飡
һ޴ȭӰ˸ģһƶ
¡¡
ֲ֮£ʱȭʥĻﱻˣҲڰ֮з·ȭһ㣬ҿ򣬸û˿ĵֿ
ȭ
𣡡
һХʱһ޴İ׻צݺݵسȭʥץȥ
䣡
ٴεһµ˾㵵֮УҶ쾹ȻȭʥΡ
ôܣȭʥ޷ŵĿǰһУ֮зǾޱȡ
ҶٶȣȻûа취ȥ׽
ûʲôܣڵȻֲȴ㱾ͺóʩչһһ񵶣㲻ϵεĿԷӳе
Ҷ컹һû˵֮дŴ֮ΪصĻ֮Ѷãҫ֣аĲѹǷǷ
֮Ҷܣǲ˵ġ
ܣܵģ
ȭʥĺȫ޷һ㡣
ղſնɱЩǿߣǵֶκԭǿôܻ޷Ҷ졣
㡭ȥɣ
Ҷ˫ָǳһֲ㣬ڴ֮ҫļӳ£ȭʥʵҲԷӳɶѡ
ȻĲҶĶ֡
ѹ
֣֮
ˡ
һ޴֮С
ҶԦϰ˻ģʮأһɺ嫵ϢȻĿʼ
ޱߵҫǾ޴Ĳٵʩչ
һֻٵصֻ֮سȭʥѹ˹ȥ
¡¡
һĿռγɡ
еǿ˷ָ
Ҳţⲻܣ
ȭʥĺ
ǴʱҶȴȥһоȭʥԵһĲֲЩϤаڴΪġ
䡱
ֺ֮ݺݵѹӡȭʥϣʮ֮ϣѹƵ˴֮ϣֲҫâϵı
ۣ֮
üһʱһǿĹüļ
пϴĿŮĸ̣ļԦ
ۣ֮һеİ
¡¡
ҶĲ󲻶ϵʩչƣİȭʥһɹɵа֮ϵĴмȡĽΪԼ
СٴεĻҵĺ£
Ȼһŭ𴫳ȭʥԭȭʥѾʼ𽥵ɢ
ǡ
Ҷһ㡣
Сģ
ͻȻһĪھ
͡
һµ
һɺħȻ͸롣
޷ľʹݳ
ҶԴһ˫ĿѾһˣźɫĳۣƺһӵģϤ˫ȴҶкݺݵһ
͡
£Ҷ͵ڶԷϿٵĻԷԭòʱһ䣬ϤȻĳҶһɺ֮С
ǡ㣿


1911 ءұɱ㣡
δ𡭡
δ𡭡
Ѫ˳ɺɫħһʱеƺͣҶضǰˣΧһƺȥˡ
ɣѩµģǸ߹ϢϤϢͲҶ޲¶
Էϴ˿˿ĺۼһƬƬƬȻΪԷԭˣҶ֮Ժ¶ԭݡ
ɫĳۣƿ󣬵ǽİ͹ºͷջûа취ȥڸס
һͦε⣬ȥע⡣
Ů˾ͺһö쵽˼µˮһ㣬ȻϢεȵǿңϴʱȴޱ飬·Ǳһĺ䡣
һ˸Ĺ⻪Ϊ֮ľ
Ҷ٣
Ʒ¶˷ɫ
ţħֱһƵĽһλǿȷ˳ȥ
زؿ裡
ֳֵزħĶսħһǰȥ
Ҫ
Ҷ͵ĺȵ
֮дһ޷ڸǵʹࡣ
壬ǿֲɭȻѾҶڷƻţҶľҪͣǳѰһħȴҶоʹԵĲѰħ
ħɭȻֲɺתƺմȾѪԵʣʱĳͨɺ죬ٲȻһһ㡣
Ҫȥ
ĸһץסͼǰȥĪ飬֮˸Ĺâڲϵ˸
ͨɺ˸ħƵϢɱʥħʥͶնɱǿħ
ĸĽ߳
ȻҲ̲ޱߵŭ
ɱʥħΪߣĪεĲ֪һħ塣
ţһħӵŸħÿһλֳħ˶޲Ϊ˴˵еħǿߣԺء
һ˿壬ʥΪ֮䣬ӲҪ˵Ǳħ͸롣
ʹҶڲڵϵʹȴֻΣΪʹķġ
ɣµҶζҪ뵽ġ
溣
Ѱҵʧ֮ˣ
ڣԷȴԼˡ
Ϊʲô
˫Ŀض溣ҶʹĽе
һӴ̴ģһε˺ۣӵʹࡣ
һ˿֮У溽΢ɲĲ˼£סɱʥħֶڱ˺ܶࡣ
֪ΪʲôоԼҲڷĿţƺԼһĴ¡
溶ΪʲôΪʲôҪô溣ҶٴεĿʵ
֮еʹѾ޷ڸ
溵ȴ𽥵Ĵӱ֮пʼɢȥһ˿ʼ֡
͡
ȻĴҶпʼγѪʣǴʱҶȴû⡣
ϣ
ٴεľеĳһΣɱʥħѾҶüģһʥ޷ȥֿסɱʥħ㹻նɱ۷ǿߣ鶼飬һȥĻҶԵĻ
溶Ҫɱ𣿡
Ҷĺŭ֮дޱߵʹ࣬·ɽӡ
֮еĲ溵Ľأ֮˸ʹĹâеɱʥħƺǶҪʼòסˡ
žžž
ħ˸ڲڲϵɭȻĽ
ǰˣԼ޷֣֪ʲôԭ򣬲֪Ϊʲôɱ¾ôˣ溶ûǰˣȴ޷֡
ɱɱնһУܹ㣬ɱɱɱ
һ˹ƻʼ溵г֡
ħȴ޷һ˫ɺ죬εȵأ·Ǳʯһľ£һɺ֮˸ʹನȴ޷ȥܡ
·оԼĶʼð
ô£ΪʲôҲ֣ܳһֵĻԼԶĺڣΪʲôΪʲô
溵ĲϵѯԼȴûκεһֻش
ͻأһļԺ֮Уһ棬̣ܶҺģǺܰ
ʹ
ǿҵľʹ
ĵʹĪ̲ססԴ
´ΡһҪɱ㣡
֮дһ޷ڸǵɱ⣬ȴڲ
͡
΢΢һȻƿգ˽һ˲ʧ˴˵ء
溶Ҷĺš
ɣȴһˡ
ϣӵϣȻûɱ㣬ôܣƿɱʥħ˱ҪնһУΪʲôȴɱ㣿Ϊʲô
һŭ͵Ĵݳ
ۣ֮
Ҷĺ
ü֮Уһ貵Ĺ⻪ʼɣһ⻪֮дһִƣѹķĴƣ
䡭
Ҷȫȥ˼ԼϵľʹǿеļԦǿֲ֮۵ǿеĽ뵽ȭʥ֮С
ħ
ޱߵħ
ħһֹƺ໥ں
Сӣ˵ģ˸۵ġ
һĮ˿ռ֮С
ʼԴ㣡
Ҷڵĳһ˵Ϣ
һ޴Ļʼ֡һ󱳸ž޴䵶ߴ·ԹͨǺһ㣡ǿֲ̬䵶Ƿź
̬ʼԴ˭ʼԴȻ㣡Ҷ֮дűޱȵĲŭˣŭˡ
֮۴֮
ˡˡѣЩҶۣ
ڵĲ²⵽𣿲ȷʵǱƿģʺǶأȻԼԦɱʥħɱʥħԶʱһΰĴɵģѰ֮˼ԦˣŮȴԼԦò˵һܺõɱ¾ߣ
ʼԴ֮дŵɫ
ԼİŮնɱĸоô
ʼԴԽԽЦ
㾹ȻҶҵ֣
Ҷ˫Ŀ΢΢𣬷˿˿âؿ˵ȥʵȴŷǱѰɱ
Ҷ죬ͱǾ㸶޵ĴۣһδεĽҪƻѾںͱˣ˵úߵģ
ۣ֮֮
Ҷ˫ĿȻһü֮Ź⻪˸
䡭
ķŭʱҶŭʼ˸ӿֲĲط̿ռ䳹׵Ŀʼ
ɣ
Ҷ˲İסʼԴһӰ͵תһɿֲ֮ʼɢ
ңҶ죬ʲô
ʼԴû뵽Ҷ쾹Ȼ˵ĿֲȻܹסԼıԴȥܵùġ
һҪ㸶ۣ
Ҷ֮֮˸ĹâԽ貣һķĿʼӳ֣䣡壬У㡭
ءұɱ㣡ʼԴǾֵУҶһץ˶ԷһԴӰ
еʹ˺ܶ࣬溾ȻʼԴ㵽ˣڵҪҵ溵ټȻ
ۡ
һɾʹͻȻĴݳ
һѪҵʹҶ̲סĿʼ
ҲʱһȴسҶΧ˹ȥ


1912 ɱ
΢΢Ĵתлûȫʧâսµĺۼ
ղŵսոյɢһĪȴ·ǶһĪ˺һ㣬µĺۼھþõİ
͡
ţħսħƷҹʮĳҶ絶罣ٵأ
ڲϵĲɱʥħĿֲɱڶûȫʧɱʥħȻǿ߶Ϊ֮ĿħҶԼĴ֮ûа취˲޸
˫Ŀ˸˾˵ĺâҶ˫ĿſɲĹ⻪ͬ˵Ĳһ㣬֮дſֲɱ⣬̹ǡ
һ˿ĻߣڳЦ⡣
Ǵʲô
ŰΧһˣҶЦ˵
һˣڵλִϣǻҲһĿҶ죬վǰ棬ԵľԼĴ㡣
Թ֮ͽ࣬ڳȭʥ棬ʵһΣаľѧȻĲܹŹˣնɱΪϵľѧҲǸ·ԴľԺʹȭʥԿѧǰδУǻҲаžѧΪİҪһӣȵ鱻֮ǻỹɣһλ뷢׵ִϻؿ˵
ĴһȻ·˵ĻǾһ൱ԴǣģٲȻǽԼĻؼִһ㡣
Ҫң
Ҷ¶ЦЦɫŴˡ
ΪİԣΪͳҪƿɽң
һҲ漴Ŀڡ
СӣҪΪնɱȭʥǾͻẦ㣬ȻֻڵһڣȴҲ󵽵ģõѡ˺Ļڵģ
ʲô޳ܣ
ôľ޳ܰ
ҶֲϹӣεĿЩһ֮ǲ˸̰âһȺϼһղŵҪڿԼˣѡ֣ҪԼ˵ʱԼѹˣ̰ĹâҲΪϵľѧµġ
ꡭӵһ˵ô޳ܵоڣҲһ·ĻɫΪԼԽɫ˵ɺɫԽٴε˵бۣǻô޳ܵ˼°սħβ趯еĵزħطŵԼļϣһͱӵĿһ˲м˵
˵ʲôֻħԳĺ㾹ȻҺ˵̣һλɢ沨߷ŭĺ
ҾһΣҶ˵ƺû˿ĶԣԵʣȭʥаǽղҴպҲ֪ģʱ˿¶ӲҶĶ֣ĸݳݳףǿԳ֮ΪҲΪϾҲֻǺں϶ѣȴҲܵƿء
ĻִҲ˼һ
κδʱִȴѾ̰ռģǿҶᣬȴѾڵǿ˵ҶϵľѧǺεȵĿֲԼҪκҶǺѵģҶܵˣɱʥħ֮󣬸ԻָûǺ
Ȼ֪һһѷĻ
ʱָʱ
ߣĸ֪˵ʲô𣿽ںڱһģȴ˵ĻҶаóȻĽŵĵطȥңҪ˥𣿡
ߣ̰֮ģƱػǵĺڵģҽڶȻĲ뵽һεս֮еģ
ĸǿӲ
㡭ܺã
һ˴ĺȵ϶ʼ¶˷ŭɫϾ⽣ڵʵǷǱѰģǴʱĽĸǳ׵ĿֲĽǿȻĿʡȥС鷳
ȴû뵽ĸȻǵҪ
еڵ˴һܹλѣ˭ܹһ´ˣӴ˱ڵѣԶѣ
һųԼѣǶ٣ڴبŵȻǺϱߴĻƱػԼԺӹ൱ɵġ
ҲʳԸ֣
ﻺؿ˵
УҪʱһ£롣
Ͻﵭ˵
֮дһĨЦݡ
Ͻɲɵӣһ۾Ϳִǵ뷨Щһǵ뷨Ҳʵ̫Цˡ
ҶھˣȴҲԲǿȥӦġ
Ҽ룬ħ֮ˣ˵ö֮Ҷ֮ȷѪε֮࣬Ȼòܹ
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ɱǣ
ǿ񶼿ʼɺ޲õĽҶնɱһ㡣
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ɿ֮ϣһĽâ˸
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ǿʱڵĸоˣһεҶбġ
ǣЩִҲû˵һٶλǿߵİһӰɱڣǺεȵĿֲϢ
֮ͬǳٵĽɱʥħĿֲϢٵҲڷɿĻָš
Ҫȥ
ĸĪȵ
ʱڲ£ĪȥͣӵѰġ
ɱ
Ҷĺȵ
͡
һ̤߲һ֮ٵıŷ
򣡡ҶͷţӰǿ˲ݻٵĽԼ˼¡
ž
һֻǿеסһִϵԴ
䡭
ֲʥǳϸûа취ֿסֱӱҶˡ
زؿ裡
սħʩչزħ죬һ֣Բʮ֮ûһ˿һ֮ء
衭
ţħħţٵ̤գÿһεĶΧĿռĹ
ɱ
ʩչѧһ֮͵Ľһǿѹ
ޱ飬ʴ֮ȫޡ
Щڵӣÿһλɱ¾ĻȫҶƿأȻĸӵûк¡
ɱ¾
ɱ¾
һɱ¾ȫһ浹ġ

ۿżλִϾȻ˹룬֮һλִ̲סķ
ɣ
ҶƻӶһâէ֡
㲻ɱңҿԸһܣֻ֪ɱңһӵģ
˵𡭡
͡
âڶԷĲϣֹͣ


1913 ʼԴϢ
Ҷ졭ŭҲԵһˣ
նɱִֻʣˣǽĸҲ̲סһĨļ£Ͼɱ¾ٶȺͿ³̶ȳ
ұϾҲǽڵһ෴ɵģıˣǽҲƱػ˱˥
ڽĸҶ컹Ϊкøеġ
ҶĸоǰŮ˶ĪĹģһֿػĹġ
Կ˽ĸϣҶŻֹͣɱ¾
˵ɣҶﵭ˵
ĸǴǺǿڣǵ˵ڵĵӣǱڵ֪ˣڰǣִϿĸڣ˲ó˺ܶ࣬Žĸ
ž
Ҷһ˦ȥй⻪˸Ƶ൱ĿֱֲһĽһվʹˡ
˵һϻҲ⽫նɱҶ棬ѾûԼĵȥˡ
һεսǿ£ʱĻƱػڵĴע⵽ʱԼûڵʵԿġ
㡭
Ҷ˫Ŀǵɱ⣬һλִٴεıõһĲ֮УѸٵĿ˵
˵ˣҪ֤ҵ
ҪϢǷȷСǷмֵûʸּۻۣһʸûС
˫Ŀ˿˿âҶ컺ؿ˵
á˵
ڵҶɱ֮£΢΢Ĳ֮Уʼ˵Ӧ֪ʼԴһµļһһеҲֻǴ˵ˣղҿ൱ŮӦǱʼԴƿˣȻŮ˶ļ̣˵Ҫûг֣޷ڸϽʼԴŮ˵ĿƣҪһ㣬ͱҪҵʼԴˣ׵ɱ
ʼԴˣιϵǿߣȥ˵ԷϢӵĲҪ˵նɱԷˡ
ԷϢûУӲҪ˵ѰңѰҲնɱԡ
Ϣ𣿡
Ҷâؿ˵
Ȼǣ
Էæİ֣ʱһλִϣһֻϣһūһ㡣
ʼԴϢ٣ҪѰҵı𣬸죬ȴһ취Ѱҵң㻹ýľѧҿһΣ
޳ܣ
޳ܣ
ǽĸһĻ֮󣬶̲ס¶һĨɫ
ҪˣȻ̸̰ĶȤζ˶ĵĺܡ
𣿡
Ҷص˵ͷ
Ҷ죬ʵ㣬㲻ҪҪʲô취ңҵϢȫڼ֮Уұҷӡȫû˿Դ򿪣˵ܹ֪֮ϢҲԵĲ࣬ҪȳŮˣǾ͵ҵģ
Էĵٴεĳ˲٣Ҳ¶һĨɫ溶Ҷ˵ҪǳҪ
ΪԼһݼ䣬ҶһøĪĴۣ뵽ҶǿǾѧжôĿֲ
̸𣿡
Ҷ΢΢һϵıȻЦȴƺǸӵĺˡ
ҪɱңǾ͸ϽĶ֣ɱңһеϢǵòġ
ĺãϣ
ʣµִ϶ʱĴЦ
ȨٴεĳǵУȻĿԵ⣬һ൱ĵ⡣
ƺûѡˣ
Ҷ쿴ŽĸεĿЦ
ֿЦȴýĸһ¶һĨɫǿҶ˫Ŀ֮У˸ĹâɲѾɱ
ССľѧʲôһ֮еʧ̫ˣѧ޷ֲǵʧϱڶ࣬һҲó˰ɣ
޳ܵڼš
͡
һ絶ת磬ʱĻ˳ȥ
һ̫ǿˣȻֻһֵֵϵͶڵȫĲһϵġ
ۡ
¶ЦԴȻķѪ磬λŵֱִӱҶնԴ
ʱ΢΢Ĳ£ǱϵĲһȴص˵ϣһ˲֮Ȼǿնˡ
㡭ʲôҶ죬ȡ㾹Ȼ˵ķǲʼԴһ˿ϢģҶڵģ
޳ܣ
Īִ̲סһ֮ģǿ߶̲סüͷ
֮һĪ־ִţڱĵִţǰ֮ȴȫû̬෴ٲȻһƦһ㡣
𣿡
Ҷ΢΢һЦȴ˿Ĳ⣬˵
ʵ㣬ڲҪ㽫ԼϢң
ʲô
ִϵɫ΢䣬һֲԤгС
ž
ûеȵӦһ֮Уһɺ嫵ȴѾüġ
ҡ
Ҷ֮ϣ־ı
ǿ־Īϣϵƿء
¡¡
ҶİȻɢˣȴ֮ʧˣ෴ǣ֮ӿ£ҽԵʣ֮ƻԭĻҪˡ

ֲıƿʼ֣
һ˲䣬ҶҵԼҪĶִϵȴڷĲ
ԭ
ҶһʥӤӡһִϵڴĵزҶǰȴȫûеֿĿܡ
ֱӱƳԭķӡ˲ץסһμ䣬ߡ
ۡ
һѪ
ִϵϴŽԹң㾹Ȼϵң
֮кεȵԹٲȻһҪҶҧģ
ûɱ㣬ѾĪ컯ˡ
ҶЦֹ˵
ҵʼԴϢϢ֮йȻǿ£ִʱȻ뵽ʼԴĽأҲŻ˵Ŀֲ֮¡
ȴһֱػţҷӡһμ䡣
𡭡Ҫ𣿡Ҷ컹ûüȥЩ䣬˲ȴоһĲݻ˫ĿȻһâʼ˸
ɫ΢䣬ϴʱѾҲˣǱţħͶսħԿγɵģߵֲֵǿµġ
Ҷ죬㲻Ҫ̫
ʱѾ֪ԼǻĶ֣ȴҲѡ־ܣҶĽֻ
䡭
һִֻ޾Ĺ⻪ֿ֮Էɿĳ֣һִ֮ķŭɵذĳŻ
¡¡
ʱһֻޱ߽âӡȴȻıѸٵƿһǺӣصסҶ֮֡


1914 ʥ
¡¡
һֵֻĹ⻪Ȼ˿ĲҶ໥ײȻ˲һɺ嫵Ľشž죬ҡҡ׹
ʲôˣ
Ҷ˫Ŀźâݻ漴ķȵ֮ķһУ죬µ֮أ޲Ҷ֮۶֮С
һҶ죬һ֮Ȼʵ
һͲ˳
֮ȻȥƺΪͣʵȴһ⣬һĮӵ⣬·Ϊϣﶼû˿⣬ֻԼΪҪĿꡣ
˽ΪϣΪһΪ
ǿҵĸо
ƺͣȥȴһҪŻµĸо
սħֳֵزħ˵
زصĴˣû뵽زһħȻѡ˴ڣȻˡ

ۺھ֣ȻںҶڵķһģһǾ֮ȴǺѳַĳƺ
صļһȴȻ˵ˡ𡱣

Цٴεĳ֣ǰѾһˡ
˵ϴһ׵ɫ·һӳֵģ治ϵ
âתϵת¶γһööġdӡǡ
Էģȥʮ˾̬ͷϹǷһͷԷƺüĿ㣬ȴַ·Ǵ̬ĸоȴǡǡںһ
˹̬ҶҲڰԵĽ䱸ȻҶղųѹʱûгԼȫǰһȴҲδػȫ
ҶԸоһƺǺԼ࣡
Ǹǿ
˭
Ҷ˫Ŀ˿˿â䶢ǰ˵
˭ƺǲҪȴã㻹ܹɱ
Է˫ֽǲմȾһ˿ĺ쳾һ㣬ֽ׵Ϣʥ࣬ٲȻ˼һ㡣
ĸĪػ֪Ϊʲôǰİļһһ൱ֱֲ
˵Ҷһ̵ǿ󣬱ȽʺǰϻǰЦļһȴһƤħ
߶ֲܿǺߵֲֿȴĲ
һֹŹֵĸоҶУоǰһｫԼ谭Ī谭ڲȥնɱԷԼΣ
вҵʦ
սħͻȻĺȵ
˫Ŀ֮дź˵Ĺ⻪һ޴ĵزػ֡
زشϵ𣬴ʥ֮ΪսħѪϵԵʣһزشĻȴһϵɱ
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ֳֵزħӶ֣һֺֻݺݵسѹȥ
ȻѾ˵ˡ
زħֻһУֱǰһ֮Уȴ·ǧĶħڷС
֮ϣ޾ԩڰٲȻ֮䣬ǿճֳһĻ棬ֻʥĴ֮ȴûͣЪ
ȷʵǿԸһǿߣǿ»ᱻ˲ɵģʥ֮͵ааħʥںϣٲȻͳһˣǶ˵ȴ˿ûãΪҾǷ𣡡䡭
һ޴Ĺ⻪ı֡
һ޴Ĵ֮һ֮ǿֲһֻֻչͬǧһ㣬ǧֽӡĳտһۣһ̣һ޷ֿȴѸٵıŷ
䡭
Էǧ׵ľ룬һ֮УսħѾǿе˳ȥ
ž
ҹʮٵǰȥһѽսħס

ҹʮٴεŭһ
һ޴񴸳֡
ѹ
¡¡
׵Ⱦ֮ϣɵ׹˸
Ϊ֮֮κεһж޷˿谭Ҷ𣿡Ȼվ̧ͷŲŭһ

ֲйؾȻһĲĿʼɢ޾ֱӱѹȥȻڲϵݻȴ޷
һ
ֲʵе޲ĺܡ
ôܣһô˵ǿ󣿡
սħ̲סĽе
ţħ֮Ҳ¶һĨ֮ɫʵ±Ҷ춼ҪˣƺǸǿ
⾹Ȼһֻħ̥ǵزԭħ̥ǺҲҪˣ
ٴεĺȵ
֮ԵĴһ൱ǿҵţͷ·ţħԭӦ˵徹Ȼ΢΢һ˲ĳţħץȥ
ҲȻʧԭ
߲ۣ֮
Ҷ̤㣬һ֮趯֮ۿٵѰ١
䡭
ߵʧԭڵĵط֮ϣһѺȴѸٵĳ֣ڵٵıֲǿڶԿͽֲġ
һʲôˣҹʮ̲סľе漴Ŀһǻ𣬶Էʱ屻һصǶԷ֮ȴҲһ־ͺɫȻʶꡣ
飡
ռٴεĴһ캧صıһ̣뱯
һľ޴Ѻۻ֮ˡ
Ӱ֮ϣҶصĳȭ໥ڶԷȭͷ治ϵɢžĲ
𡭡
ˣ
ŭ걳ǿѹ񷣡
ȣ
󣡡
ҶҲʾ͵ʩչԼĻǿ֮
һ޾һŭ
ߵؿʼŤ
򣡡
Ҷüһ֮ʩչŰ˲ͼ֮У˲ʥ˫Ŀ
䡭
˲оԼһĺڰһ̣ǰһг׵ʧȫޣ
ҡƣ
Ŀ𣬶ʱٵĴ𣬾ȻںͻҶ
͡
Ҷѩǹٳ֣͵趯
͡
һǹǬ
飡
ƶʱ˺ѣһεεĽɫѪβϵĻ
Ҷ졭㾹Ȼ˺ңסˣһҷʥǲô˵ģ
֮дһ޷ڸǵķŭɢһȻ˻ǰһֻѸٵץס˶Է壬ɢ֮С
һﵽʲôˣ
ŶԷʧҶ̲ס˼
ʥֺεȵţҶļ֮УԼһƺû˿ϵһ˿ϢûС
ԷΪʲô֣ԵĶԼ൱˽ģ
ÿµļһ㣬ҪԸҲ൱ɣ
ţħ˵
Ҷĵ˵ͷһɡ
ԷʵȷʵԼ൱˿ĲǶԷĵҶҲԸокܶ࡭
ʥѵ
սħͻȻüͷ𣬳˵


1915 
ʥ
Ҷѯʵ
ǵģʥ֮ж൱صģͼڵӸ޷˽⵽ˣǸ߼ĵ֮дȴһԵĴŶԷڵǿתӵ޵ͨ˵ʵδػ񣬵ǶԷȴɺǹͳ棬ңҲֻ֪Էһ˿ضѣ
սħϴı˵
Ȼսħ˽⵽Ϣ࣬ҶȴԴӶԷиоսħڴ൱ļɵ
ҶҲּɵԷֶλûȫʩչǴӸղŵս֮УҶȴԸоһ൱Ŀֲ;ˣʵϱԼСԼĻԸһ¥
һµ
Ҷ˼˺ܾ֮˵
ۣ֮µľĶѰٵǶˣҶȴ޷ĸ֪֮Էʱ൱ѡ
ǶԷһ֮ɲǼ򵥵ĴڣΪ֮ĴڣԼĻ֮󣬶ԷǡõĺԼȻƣʵΪؼǣһľҲֻڴѡ
Ҳ˵ԷҲԽնɱֵĵز
һȻҶ춼޷ȥӵ
µļһﰡ
ĸ̾
ҹɫʣ
»
·һڿԼŮʾԼ˵ĽشջȥĮӺͰѳ֡

һһд˳˿˿»Կ֮ⷿУԹʱڼҵĲš
Ҷǿҵ˱Ī࣬ĪĽţʱķ

Ҳ֪Ҷ쾿ǴʲôطĪĽһļҲ֫ݺݵذΧסҶ壬󲻶ϵĲţȻҶ̰ľţǴǾµȴɿԿ糺ɫ˹
㾹Ȼʱ򻹳֮УСıʦ𿴵֮һ㣡
Ī̲סҶıݺݵץš
С֮ˣȴ˲䱻Ҷڵİռȡ
ʦܹΣҵŮˣѵ˵˻𣿡
ҶааЦ
ĸŮˣŮ˶ȥˣô֪˵ĸ
Īĺò׵ĴϢ˼漴һ˿â˸ȻŮ۽ΪһŮˣǳԴ׵ı¿ʦͨġ
ȻζСȴɿԱҶо
˵溶𣿡
뵽溣ҶҲ̲סһ
ƺǸоҶı仯Ī̲סţοŶԷ
оӲĶҶȴһ˷ܣδŮۣһǿߣȴڿֺԼ亱ܹĴˡ
溶Ƚϸӡ
˵䣬Ҷ콫һε˵˳
һҹ֮䣬ҶĪ໥Ĳ࣬޲ǿޣϵǿĺܣһҹĲ֮УĪѾҶľһߵεܹùĸǶҶ죬ĸȴѾϿ˶ԷĴڡ
Զһε飬ĸȻҲȥ⡣
Ҫȥһμµҵʵ̫ˣ˵ΪܸõĳɳҪúõȡ뵽۷徳磡
ԴӸоԼҶ֮Ĳֻᣬ뵽˵Ҷһ˶սԼȴ޷æӣĪĺܡ
ŵĲ֮УĪϣǱ̬Ҳû˲٣ҶΪ˷ܵǣԷ᲻ʱĴ
á
оԼĴ񴫳˷̬Ҷ̲סʵ
֪һεļȫĵͶ룬һ룬Ȼûг·ֻвϵȥһֵġ
Ī֮дһ˿ᶨ
ڶգҶ뿪ˣ
Լʧ֮УʱڣԪˣѾػڵ˵ҶǷģϾ֮Уǽĸ԰أĪﻹ൱ȫģ˾Լ뿪ˣҲ൱ĵġ
ȫҶ컹ĪһػӡǣֻҪĪΣգԼҲԴлȡ
һٶǿߣһս֮ʣµҲֻʮˡ
ʮǿڵӡ
ڵʮˣÿһλźı¡
ҶתԼϵĶȻǣǵȻָ˹ȴεرҶǵˣ˵ʮ˽ԼˣԶԼ£
ʮ˵̫̫ˣױ¶Լ٣Ҷ콫һ˰ŵԼУŰ˲ͼ֮
Ű˲ͼ֮еĿֲԪ㹻ȥܺõģʱԿһµĲΡ
ƺƵ棬಻ﵽǱͺڰ֮Ҳûĸо
ͷ·һֻ˯ħ޵һ㣬̹ǵĲһǿҵĿֲϢ
Ǵȥģ
ţħҰһ鿾⣬ҹʮվҶߺʵ

Ҷü΢ؿ˵
ִϵļ֮УҶõԼҪļ䣬һμִʱʱġ
ʱ뵽һƬ֮УǿֲƥаϢ˹ɱ¾ѪĲȻֻǿ֮⣬ǿϢȴһλִϵĸоһĿ־壬Ҳû룬ֱѡ뿪
ӦñʼԴ֮أϢҿԸоĳʼԴبźҲһӣԷѧʼԴǱһδε޸֮ٴεȥǻһ˸ûа취
Ҷ˼ŹʼԴһϢԽĸоһĿֲ֮
ʼԴһأ˽⵽ĶֻǴ˵ˣǶԷϢȴûа취˽⵽ȻһȥЩϢڸˡ
սħ˵
Ҷĵ˵ͷҲ˽⣬ԷȻԽԼϢôأһǹϵˣֻʣһ˿˿Ĵ˵ѣȻһСޱȵļһ
ǼӿٶȰɡ
Ǻڰ棬һпʼŤתҶﵭ˵
ڰ֮УʱϢøһĹ⻪˸ţûдٵĹϢƺǸӸһаͿֲС
ʲô
ͻȻսħü֮ͷųһʥĹ⻪ǵǰһϵĵ·С
һ൱ĵ·ȥǹˣĺۼ߰ߣжϳ¡
ۣ֮
Ҷ΢ѸٵĽԼ֮ݻ
͡
һâ£˲Ҷɫ΢΢һ䣺
Ǻۼĺۼ


1916 ֮·
ճԷεǿ󣬵ǶȻĲҶʧɫҶɫȴ൱ء
һϢبŰĲ֮Уһ·ǺεȵĹ죬ĺۼʣϸϸĿȥȻԸоЩۼ֮Уÿһһᵽ˼Ժγɵġ
䡭
һ޴ĺۼ͵Ĵ£ٲȻһǺܲΧһкۼ³Ǻص̬ϵ̫ħɽʼǿеı

񱩵˳ʱǹϵĵ·֮ϣ貵Ĺ⻪Ѹٵɣ漴ݻΪǳ֮һ̬ԽԽĹâʼͷţǾ޴ٴεĳ֣ʱΧѾһ޴С
ء
ޱȶҴ֮֮ӳпĿеڲһֻֻ۾ڳΧѰţѪҷ
ǵϢ
սħĺȵ
ڵزصĴУκεһ˶˽Ŀֲ;ˣڵɫѾȻ쳣

Ҷü΢ʱ֮ۻչ֡
һغɳ֮һʥ⣬ǿʥַ
䡭
֮۵Ĺ⻪ոյĽ뵽֮УʱԩħγɵǿԹҶĶʼһĲ
оˣе飬ħ飬Ͽֲаޱȵħ飬Щһǵ޾а֮һմȾһ˿Ȼı飬궼ȥ
ԨħħЩǵĶħЩħֻɢԹɵĴڣһĽǸų񷶼Ҫ𶯵ġ
طȻ˾˵ǿʵĲ򵥣ҴⲨ֮пԿĳӦһС͵ĵ˵ǰյһӡΪȥӡЩǿĶħ
ҶѾԼжϡ
ǿħ
ҰͷϵչһʵȻǿ󣬵ȴΪʺĴڣǵȮѪͳȻȴҲֲܿǶڵ֮еϢӵϲǧʱ֮Ҷҿ϶Ѿľǲ쵽༶ĵزȴҲ㹻Ľ뵽۷Ĳϵġ
дʱڻɢеħȴ·ϵħ֮һ㣬ûɢ
Ҹоĵû˿ĵӣ
սħͻȻһࡣ
ʲô˼
Ҷ˫Ŀ΢΢ķһ˿µĹâоսħ֪ʲô
֮һֱڵļ֮еҲŵģҵĴʦ𣬵زؾһеһжǾԴڵģķ̶ȸǴͨ޿ԵģҪĻҪʵ̫Ŀ˵㣬ûа취ȥеĿֲյĵز˵Ӧĵһǵһĵ
һĵҵļ֮Уʮ˲㣬ȴӦ໥ϵһİɣ
ڵϻĵطҶ춼ŵļ䣬ЩģǵĴ˵ƺʮ˲㣬໥ϵһġ
زȥĴм֮У໥ӵģֻ໥ϵһʮ˲໥ϵȴûͬһطֻΪڰĵطеĴڣǱԨӿֲһطϢȻȥǿֲҵļ֮УزصĵǸӵĿֲһ˿Ϣ㹻˲䱻ħ
սħͱҡ
𡭡
ڵڼ˽ʱ̣һŭҲٴεĴ˳
һֻֻƺҪڲѳһȴһĴק˻ȥ
𡭡
ֲŭޱߵħ˲ĳɢ޲ʼһŭٲȻҪؼһɵһ㡣
ֻǵһĵѹǿħѾﵽ㾳磬زصʵǺεȵľˣȻ߲εĵʵǿ£
Ҷ˵¶һĨ֮ɫ
Թһִ˵ĪĴ˵һƬؼأʱļ֮ҲҶ켸˵һĨ䱸
ǺԼҪСģһСģùĿ¾Լˡ
Сĵ㣬ߡ
Ҷﻺؿ˵൱أȴһĨ˷ܡ
Ǻǿ󣬵ȴҲǵͺǺڰ͹໥ơ
սħĵزشУŴǿֲ㹻ԷƷĹ֮ҹʮǳʮĲ˵һֶ൱µС
ҰǵػߵȮѪҲĪѹЧΪֲҶϢ
˲ʥ̫ƣһΪʵԵʣЩȫĶȻȡԷħ
ҵ׵֮ſɴ򿪵ĻǾͿʱصļȡǣ뵽Լ֮У׵֮ɢĲȻĲǰΪϵĵġ
Ҷ׵֮ŴˣҲǿɢΪͼħ޷Ҷγ̫ĺôġ
塭
ҶһȣѸٵǰȥڵʼԴΪʲôҪԼϢˣȻΣգȴҲΪǿĵطĶ൱á
Ҳ²ûдʼԴһǽԼˣߡʼԴ
Ȼļ٣һϵĵ·棬ĶһħɢʱҰȴӳǿã͵ȮϢΧһħڸоֲ֮˲ѡɢʧ
Ϣڿ񱩵ݻţһϵĵ·һļµϢ
á
ţħͻȻһ
ҶҲ漴ĸоԼıһǿӡ
һ·ڱ
Ҷɫ΢䡣
ߣ
ĵ·Ѹٵ߽⣬һǿת͸ı
𡭡
Ⱥħƺѳһ㣬ֲǰ濪ʼŭһ޴лسˣеаϢļ£ȴҶһǿҵĸӦоˣڲһǿҵϢԼ
ǺԼ໥һֹ
Ϣһ൱ǿҵϢ
Ҷ૵
ȥ
һ̣Ѿٵ̤㣬ݻ磬һĿռΧס˷Բ׵ĵ
顭
һҵ֮ҶһѾ޴֮С


1917 
󡢺嫡а񡭡
Ĵʻ㽻֯һ
ϣһĺɫٲȻĻһ㣬޷ȥĮӵ캧صʣйǿһ۶Լϲһǿ
ԩİԹԹںһ˵̲סĲ
һаϢݻġ

ǵһĵ
ҶֻԵһɬ֮󣬱ѸٵĻָ˹ڵһĪϲãɢϵĹâڵһӰԼ֮С
ʥӤӡ˵ӡǣĽΧһȫİռֹȥ
˼µѸٵ뵽Ҷڣ·ˮȥ̰ռϢ
ʥǿʵΪ֮ĺܡ
ȥɵǸ̬ˣǱүа֮أôֲаȴҲ޷׵ȥƵġ
ţħ૵ĵҶΪǽһĽʺް
һ˸ţЩźɫĹ󣬴Ҷ˵Ļ棬ϡâ䣬ײеĺܡ
໡̫ˣϢ̫ˡ
Ұ·һĺڶһ㣬ϵȥȡΧа˲һѾֱӵĽˡ
ü֮Уһֻ۾貶ҫ۵Ĺâֻת˲ʱѣһ֮УҰѾʼɿ
Ǿ۷徳ֱӵԾ˹ȥٴεתΪ˴ͨľ硣
ٶȣҪ˵ţħ˵ɴӣҶ챾˶Ҫһֵζˡ
Լƴۻĵڵ㾳磬Ұأֻٵһ֮뵽˴ͨΪһ
̬һǸı̬
ƷһĽʺ޵ı鿴Ұ
ңȻڹԿסΧаǲǿģϾʱҲֻǴ첻𾳵۷ѣѹǲС
©ʵʰİɫâȴĿʱڷɱţȻѹסȴҲδزһִ
𡭡
һŭ˳
һ޴ħޡ
Էģ⥣ȴ˵ϵа֮ȴԵЩǿˣֲϢϵͷţԷȻǱҶһ˸˹
ǵħޣСĵ㣬Էǲ׶Ըġ
սħ𻺻ؿ˵
ħ޵ϢҶҲ˽ģħһ˿޵ѪΪȴܵ˶ħĹƻԭѪͳ뵽˵֮УΪΪһԷѪɱǿ¡
ϢѪϢþûƷôζĶˡ
Ǿħ޾Ȼһ
棬ֻɺɫа۾ˡ
۾Ѫζ
ɱħ⣡
ֻ۾֮󣬷ɿɢ˿ֲĹâǹâ֩˿һ㣬ȴǿĺܣŸϢǻûĳҶǰǿֲ˺ȴѾΪ֮ˡ
¡¡
צҲٵĳֲϢйϵһ㣬ϵš
̫žΪ۸Ʒү
ƷֽһĺĽʺ޵εȵǿҡ
زؿ裡
һӶսħٵʩչͨ
еĵزħٵľħʮ㣬ݻһ޴ǧ׵ĳȣɢ£Դǳ
顭
ħ޹ֽһԴֱӱսħһ顣
͡
ѪɿЩѪŰɫĹâһֹ϶ѪҲǵеѪ
ء
ҰһһҧѾ䣬廹ڲеľħϡ
ڵ˱ŶԷѪҲڷɿ˸ʥĹâ
ȻһɶԷľѪ
ۣ֮
Ҷ˫Ŀ΢΢һʱĿǿգ֮еһжһְɫĹâбǵɺ죬Ϊɱ¾֮ɵġ
һĹϵϢҶ뵽ԨҪֲΪϵаء
֮۵Ѱ٣ܿҶѾĵطһϵĺɫħɽħɽΧǺڰϢһĹڷɿĳ߳һħޡ
ᵽѪȵζİϢ
öʳﰡ
Ұ˸̾һԭȥΪͨʵѪ𽥵Ŀʼͷ֮ϢҲڱЩҺǱûжٵĸı䡣
䡭
ҶһʥӤ˫ĿٵµĹ⻪
ΪеƿߣʱʥӤٲȻߣе˵һ£һĪ£նɱͶȻ뷨Ȼ൱ǿҵġ
û뵽ôˡ
սħѿ֮¶ǿҵĹâ
ǰû뵽ô찡
Ҷص˵ͷ
֣֮
սħʩչͨһ޴ķӰԷ·һ˫ǵ˫Ŀдſµĺâֶ£˲ĽѾħȥ

Щħ޶ֻǴ̫žΪȻĲҪ̫ļɵ
һ֮£ʱѪɺӡ
ɣ
ҶıǾ޴Ĳչ˳
һӵĺۼʼɣϵѪѸٵݻΪѪɫħһ㣬һ޴Ļٻ˹ȥ󾫴˼µʼɿĲ뵽Ҷڡ
Ҷڻۻɷʥ壬ЩħȻû˿Чģڵʥ壬а֮ľſƵЧνˮ
䡭
̤㣬Ҷһֻϵħޣһ㣬֮һеħ޲ǱǿеĽ飬ϵһоĿʼͷų
𡭡
﷢һŭ
Ҷϣ⡢ǣ޲ž졣

ڵȲϵĿʼݻһӰøǴ֮ͷ·һصһ㣬ϵϴϵÿһ˿ʣٴεȥӰ𽥵Ŀʼ˼֡


һһ֮䣬Ҷ·İڵڵ۵һ̶֮ҶľҲ֮ٴε˹ȥ
֮Ϊ
ٶȻҰǣҶġתصĺܣҪͻƵĻޱȼѵġ
õطħ
Ҷ΢΢ĸ̾һ
֪ȥ˶֮ҶҲ֪ԼɶٵħޣʱѾԭӿ¡
ţħսħһҲǲʾʱħ֣޲ͻ֮ûй̵ԭ
ٴεͻˡ
Ʒڵļһϴ˷ܵɫе
˭
ҶҪ˵ͻȻ֮ɫ΢΢һ䣬˫ĿҲʼһ˹ȥ


1918 ħ
˭
ݵĺԶԲʮĵ涼òٲȻҪһеһһ㣬ѣһƬƬİɫĴضʼγһƬĻߡ
һŭҶѾתӴֲЧ˳ʼγһ޴һ㣬ǿµľޣһǿеļ
䡭
⾢ڰ֮бˡ
ƬĿռ䲻ϵĲһŤݻΪΪƬ
սħţħҹʮ˵ɫ¶˽䱸ɫƷֳֹȨȣ˫Ŀ֮УϾĹ֮ת
ľӶԷǣҶ죬С㣡
һشݳһźҶײһĿռĳȻĿʼŤռƬڻŤ·һ߱ʬһ㣬ϵķŸı䡣
һ֮УһеѾҶ˵ǰ
еһһĺɫħۣаķģ֮䣬Բʮ׵ķΧ֮УһеϢƺʼԽа
һ޴ĺɫ治ϵ˿˿ĺâÿһεҶ֮۶Ŀ˿˿ĺâɢİĲ
Ȼһ޴ĺɫȻĲʲôʥıҺа൱а
аϢǿԽ˵˲ȥ󵽶ԷıһʵȻǿȥ²⵽ġ
һˣ֮࣬Уһֿ񱩵ħٲȻһϵħһ㣬Ȼûǿҵа֮ǶԷϵϢȴҲȻʲô֮
ħû뵽Ǹ۵СھȻǵע⡣
Ц˵⻰֮д˿˿ӣƺǶ˵֮ˣԵĴһӺͲм
ղǷЦˣҲ漴ı²˳Ǵɡ
Ǳ֮Ϊħ΢΢һؿ˵
ѪҲû뵽һҪҵ˾ȻһСһֻϾȻԳɳΪڵ˭Ҳ뵽ģȫû뵽飬֪ĻƺӦýնɱġ
ħĻ档
Ҷ˫ĿȻһ˫ĿؿǱ֮Ϊħļһ
ڵĸоˣһϵְħǺεȵĿֲ
ʱо
ħ֮
Ϊĵ֮ʱħ֮֮ħ֮ԭһ˹֮֮أһµħǿߵȴ˲ĳΪһƬħ֮أа֮ء
֮˲Ǳˣǰħ
ǿħǰ㲻ʲôûУҶҲƾԼĺȴû뵽ǣһﾹȻţƺѾѰҵĻˡ
û뵽Ȼ㣡
Ҷﻺؿ˵
Ҳû뵽һֻԱϣվȻ뵽ڵ̶ȣԺǴݵĴԪ֮УСӣǺܺá
Ҷ΢΢ϴŵ⣬һ˿˿Цݿħ𣬿˵
ǰһĺʦӡһΣû뵽ڶεʱȻûнӡǲ
ħ֮ǿһټĴԪ򣬵飬ٴĳ޺ԹȴҲȻĲܹһԪֵģħȴˣԷǶһеȫӡ
ΪԷ뷨ҶҲŻĺļһûжٵĺøС
СӣƺǴҪ
Ҷ죬ħ֮͵ļħ޵Ĺâɫâ˫Ŀ֮תɱȻıŷ˳
ֲɱͬʵһ㣬ѸٵĿʼɢΧգһе谭Ǻɫ޲ʼò
ԷƣȻֲ˹
𣿡
Ҷ첻ÿɷĵ˵ͷϵıȴøӵı
κΣҲôģȷʵǴ
˾һߣҾһɣǶԷǹҲһ㣬׵ļŭҶ죬ɲʲôӣʲô˶ȥһѵġ
ħɲҪ嶯һοɲΪܵģ
Ѫ¶һĨаĻߣħ𻺻ؿ˵
һСǴߵĻƺǶûжٵðɣ
ħѪһۣм˵
Уڼʰɣ
Ѫûħ漴ٴοҶһۣ¶аЦ˵
Ҷ죬һҪĿʵ൱Ƶģ
𣿡
Ҷ쿴һħ˿Ŀежٵƿԡ
һΣǴ㣡
Ҷ죬Ѫ˵
ߡ
ħٴεһƺǶ仰൱Ĳͬ
룿
һҶǲҴ⣬Ѿ˿׼ȴû뵽ԷȻ˵һ仰ʱҶһĺ֮ɫƺǺ֮ûжٵĽ԰ɡ
ǵģ㣬Ӧ˵ħɣ
ħ
Ҷ̲סһİһϢ֪ģ൱
ħųаħǿߵļ֮أںħǿߣÿһλǿ߶ޱߵ񷣬ƿǺӣһȭѺɽ
뵽˹ħĴţҶпʼһֲޱȵ֯ǱڶҪ£ڵĿ̶ֲȶҪԷҪСһЩϾڱϻҪάϵԭġ
ħȴһԷ£ȫİа֮ķʽеġ
ɱ¾Ѫ߱ɱûжԷġ
˵һȺɱ¾֯
ħû뵽ʱ֮ǻûʧٴεĳˡ
Ҷ˫Ŀ˿˿âؿ˵
ħĿĿɲΪ˺սӦһ㣬ʵ㣬ħʵǾҲ޷Ϊǿ󵽵ģħһע⵽㣬Ҷ죬ǰѣ
Ѫؿ˵
ǣ
ҶǻһĪĻߣ
ҸоԼһƺΪɣڼ֯飬ڻû㣬˵ĺֻܹ˵ǱǸˡ
Ѫһ٬ЦݣаϢȴʼøŨ
Ҷ죬ǿ൱ĺôģǾѧʥҩǶǿԸҵģҾҪŮˣҲԸṩģôǲİɣ
ħҶ첻ûȤ൱ǿģѪģħȴˡ
նɱѪ񣬿һȺˡ
֯Ҷһ¶ûС
ӵĻƺ̸
ѪЦԽĲ


1919 
𣿡
ħ¶һĨЦݣ֮ɱŷҶ죬ħ˸ϵҶ죬̬ѾҶ챾ˡ
㻹ΪԳԶ𣿡
Ҷ¶һĨȻЦ⣬ǰһȻħ֮ʱΪ֮ɵڵҶȴԵĲΪ֮
ħڵʵҶǰѾǵȻ޴棬޷ڸǣ֮ۿʼ˸˲һʵ֮Ϊ
ҶȻֻǴ֮Ϊƾһǧٱļӳ֣㹻һޡ
һ֮ٶȼӳ֣ǿ㹻ӶԷĽȡҫ
ľѧںһ֮ҶĴ
СҿǴ
Ҷ٩٩̸̬ħϵʱ¶һĨɷ˫Ŀϣ϶ʱӳһɷɷ
䡭
ħǿƶʱĿʼɽ纣ȴȺħ裬޾ĺɫâĿռΧʼݻ
һĺâÿһһħһӰǷ޲õĽҶǿеȥ
ħ𡭡ס֣
Ѫ¶һĨЦݣͻȻ˵
ѪҪֹСӿңǲնɱƽõĲҪֹң
ħ˵
ѪЦݿʼøӲЦ̬ͬǷʲôĵһ㣬ѪЦݣħȴ̲סĴһ£漴ϵıһı仯
ħȷԼҪ𣿡
ѪЦ˵
ϵļⲻϵĳ鴤ħ˶ڲǿеѹסԼ¶ħĿҶһۣ֮Уǹ⻪ϵıŷħڣԼĿԿħзѪͷڵĲ
СӡãһξôˣһΣǶȻĲô׵ķŹġ
ɵ
ļɵ
Ҷһ˿ĸоѪħ൱ļɵԼĴһֿ־С
ѪʵȥҲǴľ磬Ϊʲôȴħ˵ļɵѪɱﵡ
Ȼ˵ĻǻٴμģҶ죬ʱڴܹӵǿħ˿൱Ļӭǿ߼ġ
Ѫϴ˿˿Ц⣬ؿ˵
ǴҪ뿪
Ҷ˵΢΢һȻû뵽Էô˵ҶĹ⣬Ҳôһģû뵽Ѫ˾ȻҪ뿪
Բѡ
ͻأһ漴һаʼһ͵ĳ
һϴһףϵĹ⻪˸䳹񷣬ǳʵħһ㣬ޱȡ
һֻˣÿһλʵ൱ľˡ
֮߳Ϊ캧ҲΪ
Ǿ춯صٲȻѾҪΧһ㣬ΪģԲʮķΧƺƿ֮С
ǰԵϢϸԷǿ̬ٲȻһ߸ϵģ
Ϊ׵һͷϳֻɽǣ˫ĿűɫĹâаĺܣǷĺܣһѩ޳ĺܣĳһԼ˫൱⣬˱൱ĺá
ˣÿһλ޵࣬ϳƬ
ˡû뵽ǾȻҲ
һ˵ĳ֣ħɫղŸӵѿѪϱȴЦøӵĲãһ˫ĿȴղŸӵıͬöһ㡣
̹ǵĹ⻪ǿһ۶ԸоԼڲ
Ѫû뵽ǾȻǻҪһ
ѪͷǵԴ٩˵
ǰȷʵЩ磬ֻû뵽֮УèҲǲݻλһֻޣȻҲΪ֮Ȱ˵С򣡡
С򣡣
仰öݰ
ʱͷɫȻĿʼ仯֮дſµķâ
Ȼ˵ĶԴħԽԽˣ
ӱһ˶ʱŭϵڣʱݻ˼£ٲȻǴ㿪ʼ֡
ߡ
ħ建ߵ˵ǰ棬һ˿ģ
ѪҲһĲЦݣƵģȻȥǴ㶯֣ȴѾڿʼ
ס֡һεҪĿĿɲΪ
ͻȻĿںȵ
ߡ
һǳҶһ˿˹ȥҶ쿴ĺԷҪעǷŵţħͶսħϡ
ˣĵλҲӦ֪սħħ̥޲Ϊݵħޣţħ㱾ħ̥׷ѰһζĵжĻƱصĻΣգʱ²Ҫϣõĺ
٩٩̸˵
֮зǴһ˿ƻϢҶаԵķЦ˵ô࣬ѾķǴǽˡ
죬طҲǿ£ٱڵʷҪһֱǿ޷ȥС
ˣÿһλѪֲߵλȻÿһλѪȴ޲ޡħޣ
޺ħޱΪѪϵĿֲű޸ӿµʣϵǿӵĿ£ôһɿֲۼһȻػòٵĹΪ֮ɵġ
֮һоͿԱǿߣû˸Ҷ
ϴһĨ֮ɫŶսħţħƻ
ûȤ
ţħֱӵҡҡβͣмĿ˵
ûо
սħԼеĵزħǵȻ
ûȤûо
仰˲ɫʼѿѿ൱ѿһĻֱ̫ˣһִ̬
һԵħѪǽһֻ
һֱҶߣΣսʱĳ֣ǿ߿ǲǿһñĴ𰸣
ȫûȤǻ߰ɣ
ţħ΢΢ٵأ̬ǶһȺһȫӵˡ
޺ħ޵Ѫͳѵ˵Ҫ˵һҪ֪ԸǵĶ̫ˣѡǣ֮ﶼڷǵǰǳΪĸ߲ǳΪبŵҲǲܵģ˵һУӭǵĽ޾Ļںޣ
ĻٴεĴ֮дĲһ仰֮УѾвĲ
У˵ĺκΣȫûȤ
սħеĵزħЦ˵
ߡҪĶħ̥ѪȻ죬䱻˶ߣǲ統Ҫ㱣ţ
һţͷļһͻȻŭȵ
䡭
һֻ֣ٵչԷǾ޴ֱ۷·һһ㣬ѸٵĻһâţħһ趯˹ȥ


1920 ԩ籩
ϣ
ײĦɴ˳֣ǿҵһƬѣҶӶһȭȭķɱ¾
ݻĿֲڴʱ˲˼£ĽĿʼܡ
¡¡
ֲȭصľޱ䡣
һ޴âݻ˲ɢΡ
ô벻ɻǿеӶˣ
Ҷ˫Ŀűâ𻺻ؿ˵
ħ̥ǹϵħǱ޵õĻǶһвΪԾ󻼣Ҳֻˡ
ϴȻɫҶ컺ؿ˵
ǺǣǹȻǺǰһĲòĶʹ˹ûʵɣҿҲˣ
һѪЦ˵
ǣ
Цһʱŭȵ
ţͷħޣʱŭһ漴ٴγŶԷħϴſµħһ޴ħţ󲻶ϵӣľȻﵽʮ׵ĳ̶ȣħţŭ֫ĳţħʼǿдµѹơ

ţħﻺ³һ¶Цݣ
ĳһɷħţѪͳɷħţҲ൱µѪͳˣֻû뵽һﾹȻ˵İ׳ա
֮жǰһȻûжٵĵĺͼɵ
һֻɷħţѪʵҲڴľ磬ţħһľȽ϶Ȼǿĺܡ
ţħȴ˲ǰ̤㡣
ϵļ⿪ʼ¡֫ϵÿһļⶼ·ɽ緢һݻۡ
衭
һħţŭݶ˲һɾ캧صɷϴ˳
飡
ҵٶϿٵľˣһҡΣҶ춼û뵽ţħٶȾȻﵽڵ㾳С
ɱ
䣡
ߵֱײһ𣬾޴ħţ󷢳ŭ
׳գħ̥ȴҲԲµĶ֣Էʵڴľ磬߳ľ磬㾹ȻҲͼͶԷսֱ
֮¶˵ЦݣҶ죬˿û⣬һѪħȴ໥Ķһۣǵ֮дž֮ɫƺǿʲô˲õһ㡣
ǵģǵ͹ţħǱԭΪҶǱѾֲܿˣڿţħǱҲ˿ĲѷɫԷ
ܹԴһΪȥ͸߳ԼǿȥԿǿȻһ˿ȥģħ̥ҲɵӣûаյĻԷҲȥġ
ԷȻҲ˵Էա

һ֡
˫Ŀʱı仯ɵùԲ·ǼһĿǰһУһеһгֵĶǺεȵĹ졣
ţħûе෴ǣԼ¡
ʱһɷħţǰһ޴ѪڷɿѪ
֮Уڶ޷ŵɫ
ǿᡭţүүûк¹˭
ţħ֮д˿˿⣬˻ĵ̬ļ¡
ô˵Ŀɲħ̥ǲô࣬ҲȻĲҵĶֵĶΪʲôΪʲô
һɷħţϴʹɫģȫĲģһеĳֶ̫Ĺˡ
ţүүʲôǾǳ֮´γɵģҲͼҶԿ
ţħмЦ
ʱڵȻˣԼֻȥ뵽ҶĿֲȴȫȻȴˣҶߵǿСλᱻҶܡ
ǸͷҪҪǵֶΰ
սħЦ˵еĵزħ΢΢һϵս⿪ʼ
Сӣȷʵǿ󣬵ȴȴˣǵЩʵǿԺҵ¶Կҵʵȴǿȥģ
Ц˵
ǿδأ
вҶ絶⻪˸ŵĺ⣬ȻܵȴҲ㹻˵һķ
СһҾǻǸϽĺá
һԵѪЦ˵
Ѫ㲻Ҫ̫ˣӦ֮ʵҲδǲԽġ
˵
ѪǴ㳢һ¡
ѪЦԽĲ
Ҷһ˵ϣɣվû˵
ͻأľʱ͵һЦ
ħ𣬴ʱָʱ
䡭
ħ΢һɢſħĳȻĴͷų
ȥɣҶ죡
ħȻʱˡ
ħ
ϵЦȻɬѪȫû뵽ħȻʱ֡
ѪǺúõɡ
¶˵Цݣ֮䣬ѸٵĽһ֡
忪ʼ˱仯Դһ޴аͷһԱ۸ͷų޾ħ
䡭
һѪײһ𣬵ֿס˶Էĳ֡
ӣ
Ҷסţħһˣٵ̤߲ĺȵ
Ȼħ𣬵ȴҲȥʹ֮ǿ߶Կǿߣʵ̫ˡ
ߡ
ۣͬٵصĸħһնǺӣҰ˷֮һһľ޲Ǳ⵶Χȥ
һٲȻѾϾ

˫ĿҶͬһһ㡣
¡Ϊʵʣһȭȥ
ϣ
޴𶯴ʱԲķΧı
һ۵ħȫħȻҶ죬ȴžͲĶԴҶǱһµļһڶݵʱоͿʶ񷣬׷ѰԼĽŲﲻȥնɱħʳѰġ
ħ㾹ȻѾᵽˣԺ㽫ħĵˡ
Ѫ趯Լе񱩵ĺ
˵ɣ
ħЦźȵ
ͻأģȻٴεı޾Ľϵļѵ˵
һԭޱǿ󣬵ȻǿǧٱӣȴħԾ˿ͷ
ÿµľ
ħ˫ſɲĺȵ
ҶʱҲܣղſתһǧٱļӳ֣ƷתȴҲûнһնɱʵоħǿ
ΪȻĲ򵥡
ǵ۳ĿֲҲ֮ĽƤǿǰȴѸٵĻָ˹
꣬ȵүʱŪ㣡
ţħĺ
ңղűһնϵķ
ء
һĺͻȻ
֮дſµϢ·˪˳ȥ
ʲô
ǿɫ΢΢һ䣬̲סĽ
֮һķڣɫĹ⻪˸һԶɺɫ۾ϵ˸·һ㡣
ģĽأԩ籩޾ԩˡ
Ѫĺ


1921 ô
Ҷ죬ɣ
ħ֮дһ޷ȥƣһǿѹ
һٴεĳ֣
һۣ̹ǣ·سʱڵһħ֣ɢĹ⻪ϵĻݻΪһĺɫӡ
ɫĳӣÿһ޾ĵ۳޷󵽡
֮ϵԩ籩ѾھۼˣЩԩ꣬޲ǵĲÿһŴܵϢеĲǷһ֮ĪǻоԼһĲ
׳գв
ƷٻһʹԦʥʼػΧ

â˸ǿڲһ·Ҫն飬Ǻڰ͹׵ķָĵڶǿΪǿɲǳصģʱҶ챾˶̲ס¶˾ɫ
꣬񾭲ħΪ㲻ɣ
ӷ׷ϣ֮ϵԩ籩ھۼҶеĻҲסĿʼ
һҶѾ׵ķŭ

򣡡

󣡡

һеľѧɿʩչ˳
ϣ
ħɫ΢΢һ䣬ԭΪҶܵԼһ֮Ȼûԭˣû뵽һôͣҾѧȻ֮࣬һְԵĺڵ뷨
뷨ҲֻһŶѣǸ֮߰һҸˣ˸ҵҶСԭìܣڿҶĳɳٶȣħѾɱģڵѾħˣڲȥնɱҶ죬Ҳȥ֧Լ
͡
ݺύγһޱߵĴ
¡¡
ҶͶԷĵֱӵĻһٴαŷȥ

һħȻħıǿľ˲佫Ҷɢֲ˲ĽҶֱӵĴɵ֮ϡ
ɣħ죡
һ޴ħĴħľѧ֮ݻħٵأһݻÿһͬһɲĴɽһ㣬ϵħʼڣȻϿյԩ籩໥
ز󳪣
սħɫҲǿ䣬ǾȻ뵽ԩ籩֮Уԩ֮УıЩһǰΧǾ군ˡ

ҰüһʱȮϢɢһֻֻҪչԩצֿסˡ
ư飬ţүүţ
ţħ˷ŭĺ
Ʒү
ƷʥϢԩΪģȻ׵ľù
䡭
һ̣޾ԩ籩Ѿ˲Ҷ˵Ӱʧˡ
ߺߣԩ籩úõŰɣһΣǳ׵군ˡ
ħ¶һĨЦݡ
ʱΪҶսͿǧ·̣Ѫ˵ľҲΪ˰ȫħǾȥ
һҶѪҲѪţԻܵħ׷ɱģħĸڶ࣬Լò
ԩ籩ǹϵĲǱ𶼲ȥǣˣû˿ԴͷųӲҪ˵ˡǺѹѹԩ籩Ťħʱ̤㣬Ѹٵʧ
ļһ
Ű˲ͼ֮УҶһڴڵĴϢš
ΪŰ˲ͼľˡ
ô죿Ű˲ͼ޷Զƶɣսħ¶һĨ֮ɫ
Ҷϴ֮ɫĵ˵ͷ仰ȷʵ٣ԼŰ˲ͼȻԳһ磬ȴҲ޷㶨ڵΡ
Ҳһ飬Ĳܵģԩ籩Ŀ³̶ȣǴǿ߶ĲȥǣԼ˳Ų༶Ȼ޷ͶԷԿġ
༶Ű˲ͼʱǻǾԵûа취ȥڶʱ֮ڴﵽ༶ġ
ԩ籩һжԩ꣬Ҳ˵һжħһģħ˵ҵĵزشܹﵽ£زǧ塷ɣȫĿǣ
սħЩյ˵
ȵȡ
ҶһͻȻ˵ҵ֮УϢȻԼģ΢ȴΪڵϢѹƵЧƺǿԽ
̫Σˣ
ţħıһࡣ
ǵģ൱ΣգͺҵȥȻڰһȻǽ̻ޱߵĹ֮֮Ǻͺڰ֮ԿϣԷ൱ǿ¹˭ҲǺ˵ġ
ҶıһࣺʼԴ϶ĳܣʱϵ̫ãδʲô£Ϊ溶ұҪȥһ㣡
˵䣬Ҷ˫ĿȻıâѸٵʧŰ˲ͼ֮С
ء
޾ԩʵϾħ꣬аѪֲɱ
һմȾһ˿궼޷סʱҶĳ֣ʱǿʼ
һֻֻצٵ趯ͼҶȥ

Ҷ˫Ŀ⻪財
ˡ
ʥķĳ֣ڵ֮УÿһӰʼԼ˫ĿЩӰģǿĺܣƵΪصĴ֮ʱ˫ĿһԶԵ˫Ŀ֮ƺǴĳ̰ζ
ĲչֳסҶΧһħ곹׵ĵֿ档
ޱȵļ
ʥӤĲһﾹȻħĪ
ѵ˵ã
Ҷһľϲ֮ɫ
ɡ
Ĳ͵ĻӶԼֱۡ
꣡꣡
ɲ֣ҶϴžϲɫȻһĺȵ
֮

ͬǳˮһ㣬ǿֲħ귢˸ݻΪһĺɫӣҶ˲ɵڡ
ʲôΪʲôǣ
ħ֮зЩħ겻Ÿߵȵʶ˴ʱѾ˲Ծĵط
Сǵϵ׳Լԩ籩Ҷ
ʱһħ귢
ռﵽǧԩ籩ȻǰʼҶΧһħ꿪ʼתγһ޴УҶеڲһ𲻶һ㡣
棬ǲȴڲ׳ţڣһӰǷɿը֮ٴεĻָ

ĺȵ
ϴ˷ܵɫǻĪĻڵоԼڷٵĳɳţ˵Լǻۻɷʥ壬ԩ籩ˣԼȴʥ壬֮ſʸӵеʥ壬ʥĴھԲǶԷ󵽵ġ
һеа񣬶ֻǵĵһ㣬ȼߣҶڵȫĿԽɵ


1922 

ҶڣӰϵĿʼѣٴεÿһε֮Ҷᾫ֡
ԼڴΪһɣبΪºʹ󵨵飬˵ǷڲεĴ޷ͽǡȽϣԵһЩҶȴ˵ķ֪ĻȻһĵΪ֮ġ
Ҳ޾ĺô
ڵҶѾоˣԼڣ֮УÿһӰһֿµ𵥴˵Ҫֲ֮󣬸ӵľƻҲǸӵǿ
䡭֮Ϊٴε
졭ҪľҾͿӵħˣ
Ҷ˫Ŀ˿˿â
˴ľ֮ѾǴ˲༶ľˣ༶Ǿų棬بŲࡣ
ҶǿԺʹȭʥԿħȴûнɱİա
ⲢֻһϵĲ֮࣬Ŀɲ롣
ֻҪǴﵽ˴ľ磬ҽɳһԼÿ־ĳ̶ϡ
Ҷ˫Ŀſµâؿ˵

ħĶ࣬ƴȥɵȴҲȻĲὫڶʱ֮ɸɾġ
ԾȫĲԾ
ҶѾʼ¶һĨĳ֮ɫɵٶȲϵţ˵Ȼڱǣȴȥ
ٶ̫ˣٶ̫ˣʱҵٶһֱڱǣȻ̵ĲȴûоٵĴûѹȻʧȥԭĶˣĻҵĴͺȥͻˡ
Ҷüͷȣ֮۵ȵȵؼȻԼԼħ֮Ĳ࣬Ϊ죬ȻҲǿ󣬶Ҳħ𣬵ȴҪնɱеģǽˣлɱ
ֻдſԣκεĵȼ콫һҪ̤ʯǿԴƵĻΪǧٱıǣҪһشơ
˫ĿҶͻȻһȻⲻػ֮¿ʼˡ
һʲôħǷĽĲǵϣȵĹ⻪ǣħεĲȥӰ
˶ҶÿһǶ൱עġ
ҵǿƥڴﵽʥľ磬˵ҲֻһּߣпޣȭȥҪҵİӡȭ;ȭȻǿֲڵ֮ſӵе֮ĵȼۻɷʥҪ̫߳ˣǰʩչǵӦ֣ʩչһгȫĲһȼʩչ
ҶܹõóֵȭҲֻĽˡ

һҶ쾹Ȼʼԩ籩֮ʩչȭ
֮಻ųɷϢȻı˳
٣
Ҷ˫Ŀɺ˸еȭһ
٣һӰʼ֣ȻֻӰȴͬһبһ㣬ÿһεʩչ޲˵ڲЩӰǼ򵥵ģ̲صĿֲȴﵽ˼¡
һ֣űһǿ
쿴ȥһʼ֣ÿһ𶼴ſٵصҡ
䡭
񶯣Ҷ˫ĿȻĻħ֮Уͷ·̤׷Ѱʥһ㡣
ֻݻһ٣ȫĲҪǸǿȭ
Ҷȵ
üĲ֮۲ǿԿһУӵĿ񣬽乵ͨ棬ݻһС
Ҷü֮Уʱ쵹أϵı仯ţһеڿʼۡ
ȭȴҪݻһз񽣵ȭ֮
Ҷ˫ĿȻһ뷨ʼԺв˲䣬Ѿʼ˼
죡죡
ʱҶ첻ֻڴһ־ѧڵһ⾳
ȭȭǽҶȴҪȭͽںһǶȻޱȼѵġ
ȭİĶ죬⾳˵ȥףںһʱȴ൱ѵġ
Ҷвϵģ⣬ؼʼԺγˡ
ʵϣҶΪҪһžѧǺɵģҶҪȴֵͼľѧݻԼһϵĴڡ

ֵ趯һ޴ӡ֣Ҷ콫һħץסĽɵԼڡ
ʱķѵľܴ󣬺ֲܿЩΪ֮ħ꣬ȴ˲Ʒϵȥ
̲ԼҪ
ȭ
ҶﲻϵֹţԺ֮Уϵݻһȭӡ죬һĽѲ񷡣
ⶼҶҪģҪֽһʽ
䡭
ͻأģҶԺ֮гһµĻ棬ɽ緢
ҽʼдŻֵ໥Ľϡ
ˣ
ҶＤĽ
ںϣ֮
Ҷĺȵ
ȭ޲ݻѣҶ޾ǻۿʼɣҲٵĶ
䡭
һȭѸٵĳ֣һȭ֮ȴһ־ĹâȻŰȭ⣬ǸһɲĽâ¡
һȭӡȴŽſʩչĹâɭȻϢ
ȭһ
֮

֣֮
𣡡
һľ޴ȭҶǿеĵ˳ǿž֮ϵ쳹˳
¡¡
ҶڣʱͬǿХĳһ㣬ƺƵĿʼѸٵ
ľ춯صĲѸٵ
ᣡ
ʱ
죬ҡƣ
Ҷ˫Ŀһɹɵ׵ķˡ
ʱ׵ĸоһı
죬Ӵﵽˡ
ںһ壬ﶼڳ
䣬ֿժȡ£Ǻӡ
һֿԺ
ħ𡭡ƺǿԺúõˣ
Ҷ˫Ŀ֮д˿˿âؿʼ˵
֮Уڷڵŭ
١ֻ֮֮֡أһУϵһδһоѧоѧÿһжԴһ񷣬һƬء
Ҷԭİӡȭ;ȭҪֲ
֮־ͿԽһͬǿ
оԼϵڷڣҶ컺ؿ˵һµƷıǡ


1923 ӡħ
񱩵ţƴʱٴεıٴξʮΣﵽһʮεĵزһǧ߰ӳ֣ƾŴľ磬ħٴε㣬ǿɾ൱ĺˡ
ΧħŭţƺǶҶޱȵ̰ҪͼɵҶΪģһ޴ĲڷʩչҫϢ
ϢϵĹ⻪ҫǿ˸֮УʱѾһеħȫĵֿ棬ǿйЩħȻеޱȿֲȴҲûа취
һĹ̬ġ
Ű˲ͼӣҶǿ֮ţħһ̲סĽʺ޵Ľе
ǰһԽı̬ˣʵȻıǻ죡
ƷҲһļ֮ɫ
ҵĽٶȣǵĽٶƺҲ
Ҷû˵һȺһƷĽٶȱԼ죬ȻＵԼʵǲҪĺܡ
˵䣬ҶĲ͵ͷҫ˲ʩչһѧ
֮
ҶٵƿزԼһѧ
һȭһʵһ㣬һħĺĴ򱬴顣
䡭
죬Ǵ˿˿ľâЩâ˸漴ݻΪһʵԵȭӡ
ȭͽ˫⾳Ľһ
ǿ֮£ţħǾ㵵֮УһĹ˲ɣһ캧صľâ
ǿڲ
һȭ֮ڡ
ÿµһȭ
սħҹʮߵǲϵĶţȻ֪һʵһµĵزȴҲȻû뵽ԷȻﵽز
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һ캧صĹ֮󣬾޴ѺЩħ޷ȥѸٵ̤㣬߲ݻ˼£ֻת˲ʱѣҶѾɢ˴˴
ԶԶĿһԩ籩Ҷ֮дһ˿Ĳġ
ɶǴ֮ﰡǸҸʱ䣬ԵĿԽﳹ׵ġ
һ仰˲Ҳöսħ˺޲ýѾĸһҧ
̫۸ˣٴ󣬵ȴҲ۸˰ҶʵľǷⰡ
Ѿģ㣡
սħ̲סһӵ̬Ҷ졭
һ˺ƺƵļǰҶ첻ȥ׷ħȻֻǵһ㣬ǵĶδ֪ĴڣΧϢǿĺܣȥΧʲô˵ҶڵҪĿĻѰҵʼԴϢԷϢѰҵ
ʼԴԼܾܿǶԷɱﵻ߶Է㣬ֻҵܹ溽ų²˳٣Ҷӿǰٶȡ
ħݺᣬϢһֿµħ̬ĳνȻǲ
յʱ䣡
Ҷǰʱˡ
ʱ棬Ķħޡħޣ嫵ħǲ֪ж١
Ҷ챾ˣʵ֮ڿʼļ֮ж
ʱĿʼƣҶ컹Ƕսħһˣ޲Ӧ
սħǵزشߣšزǧ塷⼸յʱ֮УõĴУ·Ŀֲʵڽ뵽˴ľ硣
ٶȲ൱Ŀ죬ǵزشеľǶȻɱ¾֮еһжսħ𶼿ȥȡν൱Ŀֲģ⼳ȡ֮øǿ
ţħħ̥̣ǿ죬Ҷ춼˷ֺѣһУǿеҲ뵽˴ľ֮УʱϵĹ󶼿ʼֳ˿˿ɺ죬ٲȻһħģ
ƷҹʮĽҲǿֲҰһʱ嶼߰׵ĳȣ׵ĸ߶ȣȥͷ·һСɽһ㡣
üĵһֻ۾һ˸֮󣬾ͿõͼĶħ˲ɢ
Σħٴεĳ֣үŪ
Ʒ֮дſµȻûиı䣬ǴʱƵĹ⻪ޱȵʥ࣬һӰʱ˸ʱϵ֮дԼ˵Ѿ˼¡
伫ͨȻĺҶ˲һ;һƣʱ䣬ջҲǲٵġ

һײͻأĴ˳
Ҷ΢΢һ漴¶һ˿֮ɫ
ˢ
ͬһһ㣬ڵϹһ磬ٶϿľ˲ıʧԭ
ռ֮вϵĴıΪٶȹµĿռĦ
һѾɺԵĴӣ֮ΪɺԵҲЩ֣һһļϢʵȴˮǴϢĻ档
汩ǵݻΪ캧صĿֲ
߿ȸӰӡ
治С
Ҷ˫Ŀ˿˿âؿ˵
²ûдӦǵ𣬵֮𣬺ųƿȼ޾ҵֳ֮Ϊҵһմ㹻˲һ˵ѣ궼ԱȼճΪҡ
սħĿ˵
ȷʵˣҵǿȷʵǲ򵥵ģעȴֻ
Ҷ˫Ŀ΢΢𣬳һ˹ȥǵҵյĵطǵҵΪֲĵط
һбţʱ˿˿Ĳʳ
ʲô
սħüͷ΢΢һؿ˵
޷ȥĿȴоеӽڷӡ
ҶüͷһصĿ˵
Щʯǧÿһ޾ϣȥ൱ĿֲһЩѾ˼£涼ѺۣЩѺ۵ڲʱ˿˿ĺɫҵȥ
ȷʵеǷӡԵҵȥЩʯȻ޷еʱ䣬ȴҲԸоĹϢˣôʱŽزǷӡģбӡжôĿֲ
ŨϢȻ˿ٴεߵﰡСӣһᣬͷųֻҪܹͷųԿ֮ܵΪһУҪģŮλһһܵ
һͻȻĴ
һɫʯʯ֮һĵҵƣ·ǿµһ㣬һɫʯҲǾˣɲûǰȥĿ˸־캧ص
ôǿĻεܹѹŵҵĴ
Ҷ쵭Ŀһʯ鵭Ȼ˵
𡭡СǺǵزشĶˣӻᱻӡ𣿸ĵزأĵزأˣ㵽ʲôط͵ĺ
ҵţ·ҪŭҪȼմһ㡭


1924 
˭
ҶĻ֮д˿˿Į͵Ȼʱڴﵽ˴ľԺ󣬶Ѿ뵽˸εľ֮С
ֻֿ죬׿񷣡
һ־Ե򣬶ƿغͰգһĪš
˿˿â˫֮лǰһʯ˵
裡
һ񱩵ݳ֮дһǿţ·ض޷ָһĪǿᣬһֶԼʵϵţĮӡ
Ҷ΢΢һĬ֪˵ļ֮û˵ȴ֪һһ˲õӦǱӡ֮ʧټ
裿
սħžϢϴž֮ɫ޷ŵĿһʯٲȻû뵽һﾹȻš
ǵزصϢѵ˵زѾˣԣϢ̫ˣǵزֻ֮֮ҲȻ֮ĳ̶ȣϢȷʵǵزصģǵزصĴ֮ˣ
ԷĻ൱İԵȻѯʣȴһĪĿ϶֮޷ȥɷֺ·Է͸ˡ
֪һ
Ҷûбܻ䣬ûȥԷǶŶսħʵ
裬һ˲õļһѾûгˣڵļ֮УԷһӵžͨʵնɱʮλǿߣЩ˹ϵʷ¼
սħ֮дſֲĹ⻪Ƕһ͡
Ȼ֪Сӣܲ
ش˳

Ҷ΢ѾԼľʯ˵
ĺۼƣҾͿԳˡʯȻסңסҵȴʯϵķġ
Ҷ˫Ŀ΢΢һ˲ĿʯһطģЩһַڵĺۼĽâ貵ݻĹ⻪ǿƿһ㣬㲻ȥϸĿȴɿ
ۣ֮
Ҷ֮ۿʼ˸˲ݻ˼£һȭȥ
䡭

һʩչʱ໥ںϣɷϢɱÿһεĳɱĵľҵֿ
¡¡
ڵķһһ̣ʯҵĲһɾ캧صıֻת˲ѣȴݺʹ˲֮ϡ
ٴεĳˣ
һ޴Ťһ޴ӰӰݻٴεľۼγһɫ۵Ӱ
˻
ԷȻ͵ĳҶץ˹ȥǿĲǿؼ䡣
Ϣ
Ҷ˸һȷʵԷ֪ӡ꣬ΪӦѾ׵ѹȥǶԷһֵȻԴﵽ˵ľ캧صĳ̶ȣʵľ

սħĺҪ֣һ̣ҶȴѾˡ
ơ֮ľŷâ͵ĴҶӶ漴һȭɱ˳ȥһȭһʮƵﵽһǧ߰ٱļӳ֣µӳ֮£˲öԷĽĻ
ۡ
Ȼͬɳһ㣬ǿеĻ˳ȥ
ϴžɫ
ôȻھ֮˵ı𣿡
ҶȻȻǲʱ˸ľɱȴΪ֮ļ¡
һľѾﵽһ£ݻ˴֮ϣ뵽˴˵еĲ༶ĳ̶ȣһεѹ֮ٴε˲˴ĵزǰҶȴֻǴΪѣȻԽԼһлôܣ
л֮շһᱨ㣡
˵ٵĳȥ
оҶĿֲǼթ֮Ȼ֪ǺҶܱܿҶٴѹģˣͣ

֣֮
Ҷ˫Ŀ絶˸һ۶оԼļһĴʹ͵һкȥ޴֮֮дҫ˸˲ƿ˲񷣬֮סһӰ
һӰ軹˭
޴֣֮·һ޴ɽһ㣬ƺƵңϵҫ˸ݻһֻƣҶԼľѧ͵һУ̲ص˳˵
ӲǶԷԵֿסġ
ǿߣҶǰȴ·ֽϻһ㣬֮
žž
һ˳
Ҷ˫Ŀâ˸ϵĿŶԷ֮дſµɷӾҪ뿪𣿡
Ҷ˿˿⡣
ǿߣҶҲ֪ǵزطӡ˶٣ǾԵÿһ൱ĿֲģǿŶԷ뿪ĻƱػԼʧԼԺԵĵкܶ࣬˵ǿߵĻδزһ¡
ֻǡֻǡ
豻ӡô꣬ȻĸоҶĿֲȴû뵽ȻôĿֲ첻µز£û뵽Ҷ쾹Ȼ˵Ŀֲ
ҵߣ
Ҷһٴε˻
ǣԸߡ
һˣҶǿ͹ʵĳ˵
Ҳһ˿ڴһôʵǿߣ߿Ҳδزһ¡
˵˵ɣֱӡǿ߻ж٣
Ҷ쿴軺ؿ˵


1925 ʮǿ
ӡǿߵǲ٣кܶ඼Ѿһ޷󵽵ĵز
¶һĨ֮ɫ˵
˵ǲ༶ɡ
㾹ȻҲ֪ǿߵĴڣ
¶һĨ֮ɫ
ͬ죬ز࣬治־棬༶Ǻǣ
Ҷ콫༶Ĵ˵˳
ǵģû뵽㾹Ȼ֪༶ǿߣС㡣
ҶĻٴε¶һĨ֮ɫжҶĳӵĺ
˵
˵ͷǿ߶ǱزظӡģһʵҲǺǿܹӡһǧ˰پʮǿߣÿһڴľϣϵҲռɣ⻹ǲ༶ǿߡ
Ҷкݺݵһ
ôǿߣжôǿſΪֲǣĴǿôĲֵǮ𣿡ǵزؿȥľǸ֪νˣǳȴ൱ĺЩ֮޲ǱǿеնɱҲ˱׵ķӡΪȱԪĴܹڵҲˣҲôѻڲдšҶĵͷ
»ΪǿԼȡһԪԵʰɡ
Ҷ쿴ĺ֮ۿĿЩ֮һǿҹâЩâȥ޵Уȴˡ
һķǻһġ
˵ȷʵЩһˣǾѹģǼȴɿԼȡһԪӲܹ֤ǿԲ᳹׵
ϴһĪĸд˵
Ǿ£ڵز˵ǲǾԲܵģһ棬ﷴԸ徻Ȼ˵ʧȥӴԪ֧֣ûа취Ѹٵȥǿľ֮УȴҲǶϵ⡣
ԺĳɳٶҲøӵѸ١

Ҷص˵ͷ
زصֶΣҶٴεһʶһȷʵǲ򵥰ȻԴﵽֶϣһǧǿߣ˵ˣһѹķʽģҪôֲֶκ˼
ЩһǣҲûˣûȻĲ˵ĺġ
ҶһߺͶԷһ߼ǰȥϢޱȵĸӺͿֲԽʯͻԽ١

ҶٴεĴһʯ
ڲһ޴ĹǺŭģ
ԷģһĹֳһֵĺɫâаħ֮ޱȵŨȥȡһ˿¶ȥ൱Ŀֲ;ˡ
ϧû뵽һﵽûдȥһȻһĺ
һ¶ǿ׳ε˵ԷһɷӣһƴСذףһƤ㣬ȥͲʲôˡ
һݻǿߣԷһħԸŰʮֵĿ£Ҷƴһ֮󣬱ҶŰ˸εĸҶߡ
ȷʵǺܿµļһԵһŽκȱԪĲ䣬վǽ˽ȥѧħɵϵѪ⣬ϵĹǺµҲ޲Ǿаݰ
Ҷ쵭˵ĽӵŰ˲ͼ֮С
ǰȥ
һǿ߱Ҷÿһʵޱȵǿߣ⵹ҶԽüͷǸоزطӡǲѾƺԼԺǸԼµǿߡ
ΪЩһÿһʵڴľ磬ǿһλҲֻǴѣһλڴĳ̶ϣҲһǿߣ۶ԷεǿᣬȴĳܷΧ֮У⵹ʡȥҶ첻С
һһˡ
Ҷ쿴ǰһʯ˵
һʯΪ޴󣬿˵޴ĺˣһħɽһĿֲ캧صϢη
һһˡŶԷһ֮ʯبŵ֮ڵĲǣһͨ
֮ʯ𣿡Ҷüͷ΢΢һ̲סһֵĺЦһһö޴֮öð
뷨Ҳֻѡ
䡭
⿪ӡ˲䣬һɺ嫵Ĵ֮ѸٵٲȻǴطڣݻΪ˿񱼵̬һӰɿĳ֣ԷԼ׸ߵĵزϣոյĳ֣ǰѾҶ̲סüͷ
۷ǿߡ
۷ɲҶСĴڡ
û뵽ǾȻΪһūˡ
һ˴ŰϢݳ˵ǰӰ
Էϵ¡ļ⣬ɫļ˿õЩϤϢ
˫Ŀ˿˿Ľɫâ޴ϳֳΪǿС
ߡ
˵Ļ̲סһߡ
һͷ̰ݻǿ̲סһ
ʥħȴӮ˵ɣΪʥħļһ¶˿˿ŰЦݣ
Ҳǣóʱûкúõսһˣȴһһİ취Сӣɣ

Է˵־ͳ֣Էһȭ·һž޴ʯһ㣬ĽһĵرǿֲȭҲȻĳҶǰ
䡭
ҶֵĳУֲǿ˲һĿȻӵ˶ԷĿֱֲӵĺһ￪ʼӲƴ
һĵĿֲ֮ǿĺܣǵʥħʲôˣѾĿǴ֮ʯ
صһ
ħһ໥̸š
䡭
һ޴֮УһγǿǰҶȭͷȻʥħѹȥȭͷÿһεĳȭ϶ľˣǿ˸оضڲѡ
ÿֲļһÿµһﲻɣҲûôı̬ĺҶԹҲûôԿⰡ
Ÿһﲻϵ໥ۣǵʥħԴ˵¡
ءˣ
ݳǺСӭҶһһֵȭͷ
ƺ˵ɣ
ħ̲סʵ
ûаɣɣôûأ
üͷȤĿǰһС
Ѿˡ
ʥħһŭƵı鿴Ҷ
ϣǽһʹడϵľʹļⶼڳ鴤š
̫ˬˣûûд
Ҷ޹˵
ʥħ
##%%
һ·շʮǿߣÿһǿ߶žԵν൱Ŀɲһɾ춯صǿڡ
֪ʼԴ𣿡
Ҷ쿴ŵʥħؿʵ
ʼԴ
һľǿ̲ס¶һĨɡ
ʼԴǸһﾹȻ𣿵Ǳزظѹ𣿡
΢΢һ㣬̲ס˵


1926 
ȷʵǱѹɣΪµķӡѵ˵һﻹţǾ̫˲ˣȻԴӵزŵļһд
ǿ̲ס
š
սħ΢΢һ鴤Ȼû뵽ԼĴʦȻ˵ۡ
ǾʼԴķӡʯ
ʥħָһ޴ʯ˵
Ҷ֮΢΢һʱĿһ޴ʯʯķĹȻ˺ܶ࣬һĹ⻪ҪڸǱĲ
ȻķӡӵĿֲǿ
һϢ
Ҷ͵¶һĨȵɫ
漴һȭƿ˷ӡʱһķĿʼٵĲƺǴֿţҶһȭȭĻӶ֮£ȻȻĿʼ仯һ޴ĺۼʼ֡
û뵽ҹµϢڵĻǱ˸ƿˡ
һаϢͻȻĴݳҶɫһı仯
ҶϤҿ̹ĵļסϢ
ʼԴ
Ϊ֮Ѱҵļһ

һĲݳ
ֻһâ˸һ֮УԷȫľۼݻһӰӰϴſɲаϢΪ֮ļ¡
ʼԴ˭
㾹Ȼţ
϶¶޷ŵɫȻû뵽һﾹȻĴš
һִϵԺ֮µķӡҲαģ
Ҷ֮˸˱âؿ˵
ȷʵαģֻû뵽㾹ȻôˣҶ죬Ҳ֪Ǹεĸм㰡
νִϵҲֻԵʩչһ£û뵽㾹Ȼôף˵㾹ȻΪһŮˣȻϵĵ֮УСӣĵøм㰡
Ӱؿ˵֮д൱̬
û뵽㾹ȻԼıԴֳһԼ꣬ѾͲԼ־
ħϴž㵵ɫ˵
ߣǵزѹʱ򣬱ѾоԼĩյˣǱֻܹԼȥƿأزʲô޷ҵ
ʼԴĺ
һΣķѾﵽ˼ߵĲΣֻҪҵıԴȫںһϽﵽһ£һǶ޷󵽵ļ¡Ⱥ϶𣿶𣿡
ҶһˣʼԴıȻŤ
ǲ
ҶĿŶԷǱȻû˿ĸı䣬֮еɱ·ǿһ㣬˵˲ı
ȴ֪һС󣡡
ʲô
ʼԴɫһ㶡
͡Ҷ̤գ֮ϣƵĹ⻪ڷ˸ţʱǶھ֮ϵʥһ޲ƿ֮Уһ˿˿ķһĨ𶯣һ˿ȫƿ
ȡԴʲôԴҶ֮ۿ൱ʼԴѣеȻȥǸӣҲֻһ꣬Ầ¶Է

һ޴Ӱ˳
áҶң
оʥɽ纣ƣʼԴϵʱһĨɫ̲סĴ
Ϊʲôң
Ҷ˫Ŀâ·ħһ㣬ݺݵնʼԴе־
䡭
һ޷ݵĿֲȻĿʼ
ƱޱȵĿֲ֮Уһҫ˸ǿĲţħǵʥħǿ߶оԼڲڲϵز
ָоһĴڡ

ʼԴﴫݳ
ôõʱ䣬׵˿Դԩ籩֮дò׵ľʱҪ󹦸ˣʱıԴԼԭͿԳ׵ںһ𣬵ǸʱԭҪǿġ
Ҷһεĳ֣ǿֲȣȻоĪвԼ궼ڲٲȻǸоһڲϵļѹԼϵѹԼ־
־־˭Ҳܹñ
ʼԴĺš
䡭
ӰĶһֹֻֻ֮עϵҫǶУ˲ı˳ǿͬһ̫ɽһ㣬޷С˵񶼿ʼ
ʥħĳź浹ϴžɫȻǸо֮УÿһӰŷǱѰǿǵ궼ʼ
ʩչһ֮۷ʼԴ·ɶݣ
䡭
ʼԴ޷ڸǵ֮ԹĲ
ļƻûдģǸûа취ȥ⿪ֻҪǵȵһͿԺԼıԴںϣʱ޷졣
ȴû뵽ǣȻҶʵˣȵҫֻҶѹȫĳ
һ޷תá
䡭
ٴεһ֮֡
Ҷ죬䡭

ҪˣˣҰǸŮ˻㰡¡¡
ҫʩչٴεķŭ
ʼԴһҶǲȥŵģزضȥƵļһԼԲ֪ıƽȥļһֱǸһĴڣԼԵĲܹŹԷ
ҫһУ
һĹ⻪˸˳ʱӰΧסʼԴ·Ϊһ޴¯һ㣬ת֮дһʥӡǣӡʼԴıԴϡ
̡
ɲĴٴεĳ֣ʱĴﵽһ൱ɲĵزʼԴ޷ȥֿס
ļƻ׵ʧˡ
ɣ
ʥӤߣӵžԵƿʼԴıԴ걻Ѹٵ
޾Ϣͼȡš
ԭˣʧȥ˱Դ㣬ûа취ȥƿˣڵ㣬ȥɣˣʧȥ˶Ա˵ƿأ
Ҷ˫Ŀ˿˿â뵽溱ʼԴƿأ֪˶ٵĿ࣬ľ̲סĳһ
Ҷ죬ˡңˡҰ
ʼԴ֪ˣҶȴ˿Ļᣬȫȥ˲ڶԷĲҽ֮УҶѾһﳹ׵ˡ
ʧȥ˱Դѹƣ溶ԼͻʧļҲָġ
ҶаԵ˼š
ʼԴļ俪ʼ
ʼԴڵʱޱȵʵҲﵽ˲༶ĵزǽزضȥļƸ󵽵ġ
뵽Щ֮Ҷڴļ֮ежٵĺö
ܿһϢԺ֮УǹϢ
ʲôһﾹȻеϢұ֪ĸӵķḻһ
صϢ֮Ҷ϶ʱ¶һĨ֮ɫҺܿģҲȻĳһĨأһϢòȥӡ
ۣһﾹȻ˵뷨


1927 ʯ
һļ䵹൱Ŀ£Ȼӵ˵뷨ȻĳѰˣ򵥡
Ҷı֮д˿˿ľ֮ɫʼԴжϺٴ˲١
ʼԴһμ֮УȻŸ˽⣬κεһ˶Ҫ˽⡣
κεһȡԪʱţҶǵĴ˵ǸʼԴļ˽⣬ﾹȻǹϵĵһ㣬һҶǰȻҲ˽⵽ȴԵûжԣϾĴ൱Ĺϡ
ʼԴļ֮Уһ൱϶ġ
Ҷ˽һȷʵʮ˲ĵһ㣬ʱ֮󣬵ѾΪب֮еĴ˵ڵļҲֻǹϵ֮УΪʷĳһ˿Ĳû
֮дĪܣܱǴУ
Ҷ˫Ŀ˿˿âԵ˼š
ǵģĴУʼԴĪ֮̽Ϣһû˿ԡ
ȻֲǲǿȴҲǿģ˵ǱϵôĿֲ޷ݻٵģǸݹϵļʹ˵ʮ˲㣬ÿһ㶼൱ĿֲǱ߾ߵĵطΪʲô˵ı仯ѵ˵νĴйϵ𣿡
뵽֮ҶѾʼԵĳԾ
ϵĵΪʲôڵӣ굽Ƿʲô飬ʼԴļ֮УΪʮ˲㣬ǵʮ˲ǾԲǷָģγһ޴壬һ庭֮УһеĴԪ򣬵֮жܵѹƣһѾΪ˻֮أΪʲôӣ
𣿡
Ҷ΢΢һʱĳһȥ
ô£
սħҶĶ̲סĽе
ʥħǿҲһĺ֮ɫ
Ҳ²ûдĻӦǷϵĵһһʧȥԭķ٣ҪµĽӹܡҶ˫Ŀ֮з貵Ĺâ仰˵ϻ㡣
ȻףԺ·Ҳ൱ߣԼˡѡˣԼĻǿ൱ѵģ˵յ½̫ʱڱڵȻȫµĵǿԼлģ
ǿõѡ
ǹϵˣȴûκεһǿ߿ȥӹܣһǹ죡
սħ̲ס˵
Ƕû˵˭ƿصٴεĽӳƺѾΪһϵĴŶѡ
ʥħҲ¶һĨɡ

Ҷĵ˵ͷһ㣬ȻҲϿɵģƺǱôͨ׵һ㣬ҸʼԴļ䣬֮ûб˸µͷųҪԭûбܡ
𣿡
ΧһУҶ¶һĨ˼
ĴУЩǴ˵ѣʼԴȴԴ˱ֵ൱ԡü΢΢һҶ͵ĸݶԷļ俪ʼʩչ
϶֪Ķڣ
ۣ֮
㹻һа֮ۻشˡ
ʱۣ֮ɢĹ⻪ٲȻǿԸǹһе谭
ʱԲķΧ޲Ҷƿ֮С
аħ֮һаħ֮ϵɢţϢļ£һֲֻֻĶħڷŭƺǲһɷǷڿǡ
ʼԴһ˿صɢˣȻ֪ĳǿĶȴ޷ĽѰҵ
˺ܾ֮Ҷ춼ûҵԼҪĶ
ǺܿģһȴҶע⵽ˡ
һʯͷʯͷ൱أͬһԲһ㣬ȴȱȫ˿˿ѺۣȥѰٶԷģ
һȱʯͷĵ˵ҵ֮Уҵϵ𣬿ֲǷЩѹʥħ˵ʯڵȥ֮󶼻ᱻǿеĴΪ޵ġ
һʯͷȻԵֿסǿֲĵҵ𣿡
Ҷüͷ΢΢ȻĳֳŶԷץȥ
䡭
һ޴ּ֮Ҫ˲䣬Ȼıơ
µ˼£·ǿԽһе˲ɵһ㣬ޱƺƵıΪµȴǶԷƣһֳ󵽵ΰơ
˻ϣ޲ѹڽµϢ
ҡ
Ҷ˫Ŀ˿˿âһľȣǶԼķȴԽļ
²ûдһ鿴ȥ൱ͨʯͷʵȴ
䡭
ʯͷزһſµĦ·ںʱڵĹľѡ
žžž
ѹƣٵĵֿסԷѹҶ˫Ŀʱɺ챬ϴſ¶Ĺ⻪
ҡ
֮вϵĿʼݳ
ˡ
һεٴεĳ֣֮дʱʼĳֱ仯ƺǼƺڲ
ô£Ϣ
Ҷ΢΢һ漴Ŀٴһӡǡ
𡭡
һ޴ĺۼȻĴҶϷɿļ˳ȥ
һۼһ޴Ӱīĳͬޣһɸ߹˰Ϣͷų
ǡ
Ҷһ㶣һӰǴԼϼġ
ڤ
֮ΪصԼһѪ֮󣬼˰ڤӰԴʵǿ֮ڤʩչ
ڶԷȻٵĳ֣ϵϢƺǴһ൱Ĳ
ֲƺںһʯͷڷĳͱ仯
顭
ıǣһ̣ǰڤĳӶһʯͷվǱҶǿе˳
ʯͷȥͬһ޴̫ħɽһ㣬Ű׵ĸ߶ȣȫ޷󵽱ڸȥǶôĿֲ
ǡ
ǿ¶һĨȵɫʯͷû̫ĳطʯͷȴ˿˿·Щ·ÿһԵøء
ʯ
ʥħȻ쳹˳¶һĨ޷ŵɫǰʯͷڲٲȻǾϲޱȡ
ʯҶüͷ΢΢һ
ǵģʯʯͷԵĴ˵ģŵĿʩչʥʯϵʥﰡ
ʥħϴžϲɫ
Ǵ֮ʯģұʯ˵ȴ㲻ʲôһһʱ䣬¾ͿԵΪʥġ
ҲǿٵıƷ𣿡
Ҷüͷ΢΢
ǵģҪ֧ĵҪҪʯһʦĴ֮Ҳֹֻû뵽ʯȻٻأҸĲ
սħüͷ΢ǰʯؿ˵


1928 ʥ
ĵȻ޷֪жôĿֲǴǹϵĴ˵֮УȴǿԵõֻƬģĵֲ֮ޱԺյģ֮˿Ժȴһģ
Ҷﻺؿ˵
뵽̫ʮѪϵļһ˵ģҶаԵĳ˿˿뷨ڲ²ı仯Ӧúʥйϵ
ʯû̫ļֵֻʣһ룬޷һҪ
սħϴһ˿Ρ
ʯĺܣ֮¶Ѱҵһġ
ǰǿԽĻµĿʱ򣬵᳹׵ѡ
ʥħҲεı飬һǶκε˵һ£Ҷ߿»Īĺô
δ޷
Ҷ˫Ŀ΢΢뵽Լ׵֮š
׵֮һŻһԨ̫ŵ硣
Ȼ֪ĵڵһȴԱһҪǿ
˵ŻΪƷ뵽ʯ֮У㹻Ľ俪
׵֮ŵǿҶȻ֪лԹͨԨ̫ŵһĨ磬൱ľˣҶȴòȥ취
Ȼɹʿ϶Ǻܵ͡
͡
˳ĬʱһƿȻĳ֡
һƿϸ΢ϸ΢ûзһ˿𶯣ǶڵҶ˵ȴԵǿЧ
˭
Ҷ˫Ŀ˿˿âȻĺȵ
䡭
ֿ֮ٵĳһȥ
ߡ
һߴݳʱһ˵忪ʼٵĶҲ͵Ļһֻ֣ݻӰ
𡭡
˻צ裬ǿϢչֵ쾡£צҶ֮ײһ𣬿ֲΧĿռһŤͷڣͬҽʼ緢һ㣬ǿҶ춼̲סĵһ
Ҷɫ΢΢һ䣬Ȼû뵽ԼȻһصĳǿ֪ġ
Ҷ졭û뵽Ȼô죡
һϢشݳ֮д˿˿ϢٲȻҪնסһ㡣
Ȼ˵൱Ĳˬ
üһķ˸Ө񣬵ȴɺѪ
ͷĺܣ׳˵ǰŴ˵ĳ֣Ҷ˶ʱĽ䱸
ʥ㣡
Ҷɫ΢΢һ䣬ǰһһǿҵĽ䱸ҶиоһԺΪԼĴС
Ҷ죬ٴεļˡ
վڷʥߵһĿ˵
Ǿ޴Ļ֮ޱߵŷϢǻ𻹻˭
Ҷüͷ΢΢𣬶Ȼû뵽һҲ
ǻϢѾԼͷţǷǴĲһŶٵʱѣȻﵽ̶ȣʵҶޱȵľȡ
жǰķʥҲ˿˿ļɵ
ܹﵽڵزǳ󵽵Ŀֲ
͡
ʥ¶һĨЦ⣬ϵֺȴ൱ԣһ˫Ŀϵ˸İµĺܣҶȴúһ˫ĿϵسһȥǱҶ췢ֵʯ
һĿʯ
һҶ찵Ե˼š
ƺǸоԼ˼Ҷˣʥ΢΢һ໥ָһγһ̬
Ҷ죬ʯҪ㿪۰ɡ
ߡ
ʥħվҶߣʮǿߵǿϢ䳹ǿֲϢļ£ǷʥҲ΢΢һ¶˼ɵɫ
û뵽ջȻ٣ǿ߶ҵҵʮ𣡡
һ˿ʵڷʥ֮л
Ҫ˵̣ʯǿԵκε˶ûõģҲ²ûдĻӦҲҪµĵΪһˣ
Ҷ쵭ڷʥĶ߳֡
Ҫѯʣ㲻Ҫ֪ôֻ֪࣬һУʯҪĶڵĵӶΪУ޲õɱ㣬ڸһᣬеʯĻԵĿԳΪҵˣֻҪЧңԺڽĺܡӴ֮֮Ҳ˻ˡ
ߡ
Ҷ˫Ŀ͵ķâɺ˸֮УԴ𣬿ǰķʥмЦ
ڣЧ𣿡
սħҲ˿˿Ц⣬ųϢ
Чһʲôôӵ걻׷ɱʱѾڵ޳һ棬Ϊڵ߹һء
սħû˵ķݣ
ʥ¶˵ĺ⣬ĺȵ
սħҵֵܣĻҵĻʥҲ²ûдĻӦʯһɡ
һʥɫʱĺݺݵһ䡣
ҪĶ
͡
ƻӶһķӵ͵ĳҶϮȥҲѸٵһ͵ĳʯȥ
޴ķӰϰÿһ𶼴Ŵǿ󲨶еʩչռ϶ʱֳ˿ֲĹ⻪ѺۣԷȻһ־˵ĺУҶΪĳԾǶԼежҲǸӵǿһȷʵʯһ롣
ۣ֮
üһâ˸ҫʼɢ

ȭ𶯲񷣬ӰͷųһӰɿɢıȫĲѷɫԷһС
¡¡
޴ȭӰ֣ҶҲȻĳǷʥץȥ
ôܣ
ʥɫ΢䣬û뵽ҶٶȾȻô죬ԭҪ̫ˣǳԤϡ
ı΢ϣޱߣ𣡡
һ޴ĴӰ֣Է˸˾ҵĹ⻪ʥȻǴʩչɱˡ
䡭
Ǿ޴ĴӰıŷȥһ˲ʱѾҶѹ޷Ϣ˲񷣬һֻӡݺݵӡ
ٵأ󿪴ϣһ޵еơ
֮ڷ쵼ߣ㾹ȻҶҳ֣ѹ
ɱ֮ıһӰɱ֮ŹϵϢݻ·һϵķڵһ㡣
֣֮
Ҷü֮۷ͷţʱҪֿסʥҪӶԷϵõʯһ롣
֣֮ҶԼȭ͸ľѧһǿľѧ
ʩչͬϵһ㣬һֻϿٵأ׵ĳȣǶƣÿһһ־У䲻


1929 һ
ļһһεӿµľѧҵļӳ֣ϾȻźҲµôܣһĻεܹҵļƻʵʩ
ʥаԵĺ
䡭
ֺ֮֮ײɽӱʧɫǺӵתѣռһĿʼݻ
վʶһʲô£
ʥĺ
ߵٶ̫죬ǿķ֮ǵʥħ˿ԽģͲˣֱӱǿֵѹһٱ
ȣ̫ħ𵶣
ˢ
һʱ֮Уһɱ֮Ѹٵıһھ޴ĳУһڳһֲɱ䳹񷣬Ŀ֮ϣһĹϴӰڷѪŭ
ûлĵ̣ûƵǶеֻһֹϵϢϵĹ֮ϢȴſµĺۼһѪۣЩѪ۷·⼣һ㣬ȥȥȴһ̫ħ𵶵Ŀֲ
̫ħ𵶣⾹Ȼ̫ħ𵶣ҶСĵ㣬ǹʱڵһɱıնɱǿߡ
սħͻȻĽ
ȴ¶һĨɵ;ɫ
ˣѾˡȥɣ
һıѸٵݻʱʧɫڹ⣬ĵâ˸ѪϢһħһ㡣
ԭֻǴȱģδȱĴзŭʱ̣̫ħ𵶵ԭ˱ˣԷ·ħһ㣬뵽ɱɱֹɱɱ¾
ʱ֣ƬƬɱ¾֮ٲȻһƬƬѩһ㣬ϵؿʼݻȥٴεı·ǿĿһ޴Ĵֳֳڷ趯¿ʼλؿʼһ̣ҶǸоһ֡
֮
Ҷ˫ĿȻһȭӶ
䡭
޴ҶоܶڷĲţϵݻϵļѹԼΧĿռ䡣
ȥɣ
ʥ·һ޴ĴӰںһһ㣬е̫ħ𵶳Ҷն϶
кµĵɢϵĵһ£̫ҪΪ֮˱һ㡣
𡭡
ڣҶıǲŷ
̫ŵħնɱϢҶϵ
ƣ
ĺȵ
¡¡
ԲķΧ˲ıһĵȭӡ䳹
ޱߵƻ֮ı
һ̣޷ڸǵľʱ򳹵׵ıˡ
Ҳ۸ʵͰ
ƷĺһʹӡͬŰŮһ㣬ҵȴǻ𣬴ʱĻһٸǿеȦȦһ˵ϣϵĳ鴤Լ塣
ǵʥħ˵൱ǿһССĻǲҪġ
ǵʥħǿڴ۷徳磬ǿĺܡ
֣֮
٣

ҶŲ壬⴨ϢѸٵǰٲȻ֮Ѱ˼һ㣬ϵĻӶԼȭͷÿһȭ˲񷣬һĻϢݻȥĽǿնĿʼ
ž
ڵģҶȭͷͷʥ̫ħײһ𣬷һ
һѪ۳ȭͷ棬÷ʥΪ֮ǣһɴȴ˲ĴݵԼ֮С
ʲô
ʥҪгˡ
ҶȻֲ˵ĵز˾˵ĳ̶ȣʵΪ֮ļµ˼°
̫ħնɱĹǿ߶նɱķ̶ȿɼһߣȴ޷κҶεܹš
ڡˣ
飡
Ҷ͵ĿЦǽ׵ݷɭȻĹâ÷ʥһֻҶƾȻץסԼ̫ħ𵶣͵һͬһһ㣬˲Ľ
򣡡
ã
оԼһı仯ǷʥаԵĺ
ǿԶת˲Ҷ򣬵һж
䡭
һ޴ȭͷݺݵػ
ۡ
ǿֲ˲Ĳȫһ־޴ʹ÷ʥڲ˵ϼ¡ϸ¶Ǳ˱һ㡣


ȭ֣ÿһȭƵʥǽһҡ
һƺļӳһ㣬ȻȥޱȵңʵҶƶڲǷҲǲСġ
¡¡
ʱԭûжʯͻȻһԣס˷ʥ
ԵǴԵҶ죬ˣʯںϣ
ʥ֮Уһ޴Ӱӣ⻪貣Ȼʯ໥ںϡ
һʯ
һϹȻһ롣
Ҷһ𣬷ʥȻҪں϶Է
꣡
Ҷǲһ¡
ʱĻӶǿٴεĴһȭ
ҡƣ
һȭʱͿռ䣬űϢݻ

ҶȭΪµһȭ֮һ
Ļƻ轵٣ҪΪ֮οĻǷ֮

һȭǱУʥҿ϶ԼᱻĴ򱬵ģʱҶ콫ڲ֮أڲȥںʯʧȥȻ
֣
ʥﶼ̲סı˴ֿڣɼµķʥǶôıߣҪôжôơ
䡭
ȭӡһ㣬صֱӴ֮ĵط
ʥڷ뿪
䡭
ҶԦʯľۼһ
ؿ
걩ʥӤӡһƳ֣漴뵽ʯ棬һĹ⻪˸һ䶯ʯ·һ㣬һ໥ںš
ٴεı仯һĹ⻪ֳϵرҶȡоԼڲϵ׳ţڵƿҲڲϵǿ

ʥ˻
ΪҶ˼°
εĸģʤǰεĸģ
֣Ҷ֣
ĺݳ
ҲоˣһĪƿϢҶţҶʱԼҪ뿪Ҳ൱ѵġ
ݣҶ´ΣҪ
ʥ˫ĿԹɫĺ
ӭ´μ
ҶϴŵȻЦ⣬Ц÷ʥƵĲѪֱӽѾڲдĻץס˺գ뿪
ǵǿƥŹϵϢƿأһеһжҵԸҿֻأΪۣ
ϵĴлس֣Ҷϴ˷ܵɫĺȵ
һֹϵԻسˣԹ϶ҴǿĲȴҶú
Ȼ̻̣ǧ֮ޱߣ۽٣ħݡ


1930 벻ʹ
¡¡
涼ڷž޴ĸı䣬ڵһƬһĺڰסˣǿݷĳж˺֮ϵ¶Ĵţȴһֵϣκε˶޷С
Ϊµǣ֮Уκε˶޷ȥԷټ·ԳһոµĿռһ㡭
𣿡
ҶЦ
ʱʯѾȫĸıˣĿռ䳹׵׵֮⣬κε˶޷ȥĦĴڡ
ȴڴš
Ҷ˽⵽ΧһУŵеһϢ
ҶڵǵһƿߣΪһۣȻ˵ֻǵһ㣬ǸݵϢҶȴһĿ³̶ԭѷɫκεһ㣬Ҹӵء
ЩӴϢȴһʱ̿ȥģԼҪȥҲ൱ѣҪʱĻۡ
ÿµϢ
ҶϱϢʥħ˵̲ס¶˾ɫϢʵ̫ˣ뵽˵زصĿֲ
շ˵֮ʲôô
սħ̲סʵ
Ĵ˵ʵ̫ˣȴûһļأ˵ò档
ҵʩչʹһ뵽˵֮ҵ˴򲻹ǿߣǿκε˶޷˺ǣһԷ뵽˵֮УҾͿʩչѹ
Ҷһ˷ܵ˵Լá
ڲ֮أ
ʥħ̲סʵ
һһǿŪҲԿŰ
ôõ飿
Ҷε˵
ֵʵ̫ǿĻҸ޷Էǵ֮ϢǿöֲǿҵĿ־壬ң֮еڳ˯֮УҿԽ份ѵĻ൱
Ҷ֮д˷ܵϢ
֮⣬Ҷ컹һû˵ں˵Ϊ֮ҶѾоһһǴڵ
ϵĵ
ڵҶҲȥһֵĵǿߣЩǿȴ൱Ŀ£ΪµЩڳ˯֮УҪԼȥϵĵſԽ份ѣǼˣһϢЩǿĳ˯ǿǵѾԼ
ڵңԻѴо飬ټǿ൱ѵģȴ൱Ŀֲ׵֮ȻҲ뷨վֻһŻʩչǿ󣬵ȫܵҵƿأֻҪԸ⣬ʱĶԻѳǧǿ顭
뵽Щ֮ҶҲʼüڵȴû̫ҡΪԼȻǻѵҲǿ̡

޾
ѾҪݽˣҪµͷųԭǿȥǿЩҪ̶ȴҶ󣬾ڵŰ˲ͼ֮УȴҲʱĻҶ϶ԼŰ˲ͼе׵ҲδؿҪĳ̶ȡ
ؼԪȥȡδؿԴﵽԼҪЧԪĸκεȥҩҲһ֣ʯҲһ֡
뵽Щ֮ҶѾԼĴˡ
𡭡
֮ڶĹ⻪˸漴һ޴Ľֳ
֮ϣڷڣݻĹ⻪ǿԽһеаƿ
޾֮֮
Ļ֮ڷɿӳȥ漴ݻΪľ޴ε̬Χɿš
ǲʳʹ
Ű׹ս׵İ׹ħݣվһɷɵذİȻ𣬱һƬӰ˸һķǷɷǰ׹ǳɶѵӰ
ħһףᣬ˫֮вʱ˸˿˿Ĺâվ·һħһ㣬µĺܡ
ǵıһλλսʿֱֳУ溮â˸˿˿ɷϵ¡
лһǿⲻʹ֮ػţȻһȺǿߵϢݻÿһ˵ȴ޲Ǵ˿˿ĵ֮ɫüͷȻǵĲޱȵĵȻ
ڻûлѵ˵ĳ𣿡
һǿ̲ס¶˵ǵɫ˵
ʵɣűǿߴߣµõĺôҲٵģ˵ǲʳǿģָտɴ
һ˿ںȵ
ǲʳͳû˿ǵǵͷϣ˭ǵǵĻǾ
׹ħЦһڻ飬͵õһ˿Ϣһ㣬ǻҶֱǲһȻ˵ֻҥ뵽Ҷ쾹ȻûϢ֮һڰ׹ħг֡
ҶεȵĿֲʱ֮һԲǱϵô򵥵ģʵҲļµģ
䡭
֮ϣһ۳֣һǿҵĺۼ貵Ĺ⻪˸ݻΪһҵĹâ
ǳһ㣬ֲѹ˲ĳŲʳѹ
ɽ죬·Ҫ񷶼һ㣬ϿֲĹ⻪Ȼ񷿪ʼʧɫ
ʲôˣҲʳ
ǿһ𣬴ĺȵ
Ϣȥ߲ƵӣǿεܹȻȥ
ߡʳ𣿡
һ˲һ⻪׵ı¶˶ԷģȻһâ
һâһ㣬Ժյǿ˲ݻ˼£·Ҫпһ㡣
¡¡
޴Ѹٵĳȥ

ǿŭѸٵĽӡӶͼһ˵ֿסһ̣Ƿâȴ̫һ㣬ɴݡ

޷ֿǵѸٵķɳȥ
ۡ
׹ħħǿĴ㼶ǿ߶޷ȥֿס˾˵â׷׵ıɳȥһѪ
ģʲôˣ
оϵһʹǿ޲¶˾ɫ
͡
һĹ⻪ʼһ̣һеʮӰѾ֮ϣǵϢ޾ѹȻı
Ϊ׵һˣ׷ѩһ˫·Ǹ쵶һ㣬
ӰҶ컹˭
䣡
һ죬Ųʳ־ĲʹѾ
Ҷ
׹ħĺ
ƣȫȫư
ߡ
Ҷ˫Ŀ˿˿âЦ˵
ЩǲʳҲ׬˰ɣǸóһµʱˡ
Ҷ㲻Ҫ̫ˣܿͻġ
ħϼⶼŤš
ˣ
Ҷϴŵ⣬Ц


1931 
ڿԼ֤ˣô
Ҷ˫Ŀ˿˿âĳЦ
㡭ⲻܣ
ǿĺȵ
ǰ׹ħħߵȴڰԵĿЦϢѾ˳ȻûȫȻħͰ׹ħߵȻĿ֪Ϣ
֮УҶչһͨѾʼϢΪȶʳ׹ħ˻ϢѹǺѾΪһ֣ȥεѹƣҲδؿѹƵġ
ɱ
Ҷ֮дſɲϢɱ¾Ĳ˲ݻ˳
Ҷ죬㲻Ҫ̫
ħĺ
Ȼ֪ҵ֣ǾȻѾ֪ǵĻʲôʳΣ
þûкúõնɱһˡ
һֲĴӰѸٵȥ˰񷣬ѸٵĳˣһѾûмѪˣʱѾЩ͡
˻
һ󼱴ٵ֣ʱ֮ϣ޾Ѿʼʩչ
ʲô
ǿɫı仯һȴоԼϵѪһܿƵķٲȻǱһصš
ʧɫʩչǰЩ˵ǾһĪֻΪǿ󵽵ľ˺Ϳֲ
ɱ
ĺ˳һ˲ʱ̣񷶼ƺһŭʼҡ

ֻһ̶ı֣ʱǿһĲһ֮У֮ϵսʿǣ׷׵Ĳıǵ·ǱһǿҵѹƺԼ˲ѣ޾ѪĻ֮ϡ
ſ͵ķһɺ嫵֮޾Ѹٵɢ漴ݻٴβǴƬѪٵںݻΪһ޴Ѫһȥ

ȭ
ʥħȭһǳȭӡѸٵ³޴صϢһϢ·˵ѪڱѹƳΪһ˿ѡ
һ̣޾ٵĴ߶ֻת˲ȻѾγһƬ𡭡
ɱ
һ浹Ĵɱ
׹ħħһƵħֱӵıսħţħĽɱΪƬ
ǲʳǿǷ׷׵ıնɱ
ʮǿټҶһǿڣÿһλ޾ڱ
ɱ¾ɱ¾ֻɱ¾ɱ¾Ϣ˵Ķڲ
ħȺħ
һǿ߷ĲҽΧʬͲ֫ѾҪˡ
ħ
Ʒ¶һĨĻߡ
飡
һƵһǿߵֹţ
ҿޱȴȱˣʥĴʹ֮ˣǶħ𣿡
ڱˣȻⲻʳˣϾǲʵĴУѪļ̳֮أʳһִģ˭Ҳûа취϶ⲻǷѾˣҶôںͲʽа尡
˭Ҷôĵӡ
˶޷⡣
뵽ҶƽյΪƺһжҲģһԽӶնɱһԽʳĸѪϾƺٶҲǿܵġ
ʴˣ۾
һĺ
ʴۣ
ǿŭǲİ
֣Ⱥְ
ʣ㣬ӻĳӰɣ
ǿĹ˵ϣǵϴ޷ڸǵı֮ɫ·ܵĪһ㣬һеĳ֣ǽʳƵһذ
ʣһͲڰ˰ɡ֪᲻֣
һڰĹʯǿߵֹ
𡭡
һݳ
쳹񷣬·Ǵؼݻһ㣬޾Ϣ˵жڿʼë
ҵθӴѵ˵ʲӵĲûң
ƷһĲ̲סĽе
Ҷǿվһ˫Ŀĳһ˹ȥһӰ
޾Ļ֮ۼγɵӰ
ݺϣģһ˫Ŀ֮УٵĹ⻪·ҪһжƺѾ֮⣬޾
ʣ
Ҷĺ
һﾹȻǲʣ
һﾹȻһֱڲʹ֮У
Ҷ޷ţȻʵһӰȴĸоⲻʵǿ󣬾ԼڵʵҲδǶԷһ־Ӱǿ
ǲʴˡ
ǿĽ
ϲŭޡͷ
͡
һ貵â֡
һ貵âͬһһ㣬˲ӵ׵ķΧƺķΧǿ
ƣ
Ҷĺ
֮
䡭
ߵʱײһ𣬷һ춯صĲ
ƣӳ֣֮
Ҷһ̾ȻԼѸٵļӳֵ˼£о˶Էһâ̲֮صѾԼ
ɵÿʼʩչԼΪǿ˲䣬֮ײĸһ㣬Ȼı
ֲת˲֮һıơ
Ҷ˫Ŀ˿˿â絶貵Ĺâݻ΢ǰһӰؿ˵
ΪֻⲻʵϢݻģʱ֮زĳҲֻΪ޾ģ˵ⲻ֮ûֱӵϵ
س֣֮еһӰ΢΢һһ̣΢һҶĶߣĳ֣ҶҲ¶һĨŹֵɫ
֣
ޱȣ
ǳϢһԸоԼ֫ٺעһŨԪһ׵ء
֮УһƬﻨ㣬ǿҵһֻ֩ڿһֻڲʳС񣬶֩ĺһĴָϸıɫСߡ
ﾺ棬ؼķ
ݡ
һ󼱴ٵĦȻĳ֣׵ĴԭžĴֿʼ˲û
ʮӰڷɿĿţת˲ѣһȴѾ񱼵ʮס
͸Ĺ⻪һ˵Ӱ𽥿ʼΪ׵һˣ֮ɫϵϢɽ纣Ļûһ޴Ӱơ
һֳĵӰԷԦһˮŭ
ûõģȫûõģǾ͸ҹɣ
һȻĳ֣֮дޱ̰ɫһˣһֻڲʳĶһ㡣
˷֮У޷ж϶Էλá
ϣ
Ϊ֮ˣ͵һһꪻºâУԷǿһսһ㣬վﻺغȵ
棬ɣĵûһ̰֮ҲҪ㸶ۡ
ӵĵӣȷʵһҵĶ֣
ĳ֣ȴ˿˿а͵Ϣ


1932 ÿצӣ
Ϊĳܽ䱸š
һ޴ꪣ࣬ϴ˿˿ɷվһƵȴѾɽѹѰվǰоԼĺΪѡ
һӡü֮˸ϣ·ǾҪɱƲһ㡣
Ҷֵܣĵ˭
ˡ
еĺ֮ŭꪻסսϴżᶨĹâηϢεȵľ˺Ϳֲ
ҾƴԱȴҲֵġ
˫ĿϢϵͷųͬһĵһ㣬˵㹻ѹһС
壿ǰ滹ɵ֣ȴȻĲҵĶֵģ첻𾳾ΪʲôҲһ㣬ʵΪ̫žľ磬ȫĿԽѹ
ٴεĳ֣һȵϢҲȻ֣һѾ˵ǰ
һֻˣΪ׵һһɫĴۣϴſɲ֮һ𼴽緢Ļɽһ㣬ϵͷԼ
֮УҲֻһò˵ӻΪľġ
Ϊ֮˴Цݻؿ˵
Է档
ˣǺôֻǲ֪һǷܹԸһ֪ˣǾԵˡ
ҵʦӵƢӦúһ˼֪ˣһܲԻ̤ƽΪұģһˣôˣֵˣ
֮дŵϡ
һ࣬һĽĵŮһеĿԷ͹£һ˵ķ顣
˵ǣԷģȻȥᣬѩȴٸֳȻ
ҶĻȻϵŮĵӣˮ֮ѩ
ߣһΪ£ȥ߰Сһķŭ֮ɫǰˣµСǺˮ֮ѩżƣƺΪı
һ˲УǼء
֣ˮ֮Ỻس֡
ʮʱѣˮ֮ģѾӵĳ
Ȼûˮ֮ѩֳ츾ʣǺˮ֮ѩվһȴһԾ޷ȥƿԼ˫Ŀ
ǵģҲϼ汳ģ
վߵĵĺȵ
Ȼᣬȴһǿ־־
ǻ߿ˣǵ
ģȥʮģһ˫ĿȴȵĹ⻪һֲĹââҲϵˮ֮ѩˮ֮Ͽš
ʱˮ֮ˮ֮ѩƺΪʱսԵʣϵȹѾЩģȻڸסԼĽǵѺۼȴĽøӵˡ
ˮ֮ѩԷȻΪ˸ٸʸǿԼ˵ǰһԱԽĸơ
棬˿˿Ѻ۳֣ĿӵһĨѩ֡
࡭
̲סһڿˮ
һ֮У˫Ŀ֮Ѿ¶̰ռе
Ǿ˿Ů˰һʵ̫̫Բˣһѿ¶ˮ治֪᲻أ
֣ӱ죡
ϣ¶ĺ
Ӵ˰㾹Ȼˣٺٺ٣ҪżȵƷ˵ζ֮ͻ֪ʲôŽˮ֮ѩţȴļݣһȻĺܣֻǲ֪ⴲϵĹΰ
޳ܣ棬һ㣡
ˮ֮ѩһƬͨ죬޳ܵˣ˵Ļ쵰
޳ܣȵ潫㽵֮ͻ֪ǲǡ޳ݡˡ
ǰ˵ǣˮ֮ҲǶ˰Խ㶨Ļһһﰡˮ֮ỹǴ֮һһ˵ٸԵĿǳζ֮Ҳ뿪ġ
汳һҲ̲סĹЦ
֣һȺ֣ǣ
ĺ
еĺ֮ŭƺǸо˵ķŭ֮󣬶ʱһ춯ص
𡭡
һˮԼף޴צ˺˲񷣬ȻıȥݻĿֲ⻪ٲȻҪһжĽһ㡣
צȻˮ֮ۼģȴ
ǻԣһССˮޣҲͼ濹
䡭
ʩչͨһɺ嫵ȻıѸٵĻһ޴Ļ͵ĽˮѳΪˮ顣
֣֮
ˮ֮ѩٵĽӡһµӡʼʩչ
䡭
һֻŰ׵ĳȣĹ⻪֮дѶĹ⻷
Ӵˣôľʹ涯ֶ𣿿ǿ׳ȴ޷㰡ʱ൱ۺ㹻гġ
˿ĲԷӡһƵĽ䵲ס漴ӿѸٵС
ôһء
һ
˫ˮ֮ĽһĹ⻪ַɿ˺˲񷣬Ȼһ˵ĺۼ
ֲУޱߵ翪ʼӿת˲֮Ѿƿһе谭ı
ۡ
Ѫѵ֣ʱıѾֱӵ䡣
Сˣ
߿ԼΪĵӣȻӱնɱˣεĲŭ
֣һ£ֻҪǼָһʱ̣ǿ߾ͻֵģ
ˮ֮ᴭϢŽе
ղŵʩչͨǿһؼеΰ󵽣ĺܣҪȴҲ൱ֲ
ˣ
һĹЦ
֮д˿˿Ĺâ˫ĿѾݺݵضסˮ֮ᣬŶԷĽ΢΢죺
һǣȰˣˣ˸汨ţ֪һǻԼĵ𣿡
ʲô
һɫ΢䡣
ⰡƷһ¾ŮζöҪģȴ㿪ʼɣ
˫ȻĹ⻪һѸٵʩչͨŶ֡
ң
һ֮ŭͬһ㣬͵ĻһֲĹ⻪ֻת˲֮䣬һĺۼѾ񷡣
һ޴Ӱٵγɣ˿˿âü֮оۼ
Ǿ޴Ӱ޾ķâȻĿʼݻת˲˶ԷǰֲȻǧ׵ĳȣһ޴ɽһ㡣
顭
ɫ΢䣬ٵĺȵ
ôƣף
𡭡
һ޴׳֣һ֮ףŭ֮У˿ûгɵĳϮ˹ȥ
ʱҲ׷׵ĳ֣ȴߵǿǷ׷׵ѹȥ
¡¡
һҵı֣׻ĵʮһѪĸо䳹
ˣɣ
˫ĿȵĹ⻪ʢ¶̰ɫˮ֮ѩһˮ֮ѩץȥ
֮һϵţ֮ǻԵľѧǻ֮ͬСɣٵĵ֮бճΪ˻ҽ
Ů֮ȥ໥ںϣȴһ֮һ¥
ҲΪʲôĵӺɫޱȵԭ֮һ
ʱצѾˮ֮ѩĽǱظǼҪץסˡ

ˮ֮ѩߵС﷢Χһ޶ûȥѹס
Ҳʱһ˱Ű֮شݳ
ÿצӣ


1933 ӵΣ
䣡
ͬһԦǺӵһ㣬һǿҵ˼µĳ˵ȻǵȻȴҲԴио̲صޱŭͿɲɱ⡣
ǿᣡƥ
̲ס¶һĨɫ⾪֮дžϲޱߵ̬ŵվǶţ·ǿʲô˼һ㡣
ˮ֮ˮ֮ѩߵҲ¶˾ϲ֮ɫεȵĶ죡
ʦ֣
ĺ
㣿Ѿڵ֪𣿡
ǶţϵĿϲ֮ɫεȵŨ֮һڴ̬
ʲôʦ֣ʲôƨ⣬װŪģ֮дһĨĻ˿Ĳ⡣
͡
ƴſɲĹ⻪˸ĲӿϵĻۺͱơ

һߵȻĴ˳֮еķŭȻܵȴ·ǻɽ緢һ㣬Ҫ
͡
һâ˸˲ģֻǸоԼһƿأһ̣һľʹ
͡
Ѫ˴̶ĦΪһľ춯طâиɵġ
ۡ
˫ĿɵùԲ˫ȶڲ֮ϾȻĺۼÿһۼĿ׹ǺģѪ⣬һڿڵѪһ˲֮ʱ̱Ѿ׵λǾܵ޾ĥһ㡣
ôܣ
оϵľʹоĺ
ǿߣĪǿߣʵǿǴ̫žΪ֮жһǿߣǿߣһǿ֮⣬Ҳû˿ԽԼġ
䡭
𵴣ռ佻ܵһ̫ħ˺ҧһ㣬ϵݻһǿҶ貵Ĺ⻪
һ̣·һ㣬Ǻӿʼλؿʼ￪ʼڣһʱеһж·ǻ㣬ϵ͵עУͨ񷡣
飡
һӰ
һ˴Լʮ˵ϣȻ࣬ÿһλһֿĲ˸Ͼ˵ϢһеоһֱܵĿ־壬ΡΡվﲻ¶˿쳣
ǿǣڿԼܵشȴҲȥ¶˿ǰģΪǸоˣֻҪǵȥһ£ͽܵ޾ɱ¾һ˲֮䣬Ƕ᳹׵ġ
һ֮Уһվǵм䣬Ȼȥߴ㲻ɱԣȴƺλ
Էӿȥʮ˾ģһͷѩɫĳӭƮһɺ˸ǺͱĹ⻪üһɰӡǶиһϢ
һװɫۼӳУ΢΢İڶţϴЦ⿴ˣⲻҶ컹˭
ǡ㣬ڻˣ
ᶼʼ
վߵһе޲¶һĨȵɫǶµӣȻĲ֪Ҷֺݡ
ܹǰԳ֮ΪħʼᣬȻ֪ǰҶ첻Ǽ򵥵Ȼ֪Ҷʩչʲôǿ涼˲䱻סޱȿֲ;˵ġ
һﲻǸóΪʦ𣿡
ǰˮ֮ѩˮ֮ϤףҶжʱһϲãԼѣǺԼĹϵĺܡ
Գ֮Ϊֵܡ
СӣСӡڿϻˣ
ʵĺ
ʵڴ첻𾳾ΪճҲǲˣǱҶ컹ǲ̫ˣǻˣҲ̿ԭԴҶ챻׷ɱ֮ѾʼŰΪʽ
㡭ʲôˣ
ڲź
ҶһˣȻ޷ҶʵǾһڲϵҡβ͵ҰԴһϸоһֺ嫵Ϣ
ʵȻһֻҰ硣
ʵϣǸ߹Լ
ҰСҵʵڵõһδεĴҶΪ˵֮֮ĺôǸˡ
ڵƾȥԵʲϵɺʹڵȻֻڴ̫žһѣȴѾԵѪΪͷȮͷȮεȵľˣԹҲֻЩϵ޺ħ޲ſ֮⣬һ֮󣬸ǿ߲εǿ߶Կ
Ʒ̫žľ硢սħţħ޲ڴ۷徳硣
ҹʮΪҲ뵽˴һ۷壬ʱĶᲽ뵽ľ硣
ǵʥħԼħЩһǿ߾͸ӵĲҪ˵ˣÿһλǶſˡ
ǿϢǰɫڷĲţоһϢڳԼɢ
ʦ֡
ҶҪ˵ȴû뵽һӰѾٵĳ˹ûеȵҶ췴Ӧˮ֮ĽȴѾŰ㸡Ϣˡ
оǷĽϵԼĦţˬĸоǻ˵ĻԻǹ߻ġ
ǴʱҶȴû˿춯෴гһϧ
оĳԼ뿪ʱ֮Уӿ϶ǲùģԼЩʦҲΪԼԭ򣬳Ծ˿ͷˡ
ԣޣˣʲôԹ㶼ҪУʦֻǳͷģ
Ҷ֮дһĨᶨ
Ҳ֪й˶ãƺһ˶˸ȴˣȴߣӣΪʥħһȻû˵һ˫Ŀ֮еĺâȴĶǣʱ¶Ĺ⻪
ʦ塭
ˮ֮ѩæĶǸ߰С˵

Ҷһ㶣漴ĳС￴ȥ
ֻСʱһˮĴ۾֮дųݺ;ɫ
һɰСѾͷ
ҶĿһС򣬶ԷģϿȥЩ䣬Ϊһֹ°ʣǲģȴٲȻδһŮ
ʦ塭ǵﳣ˵Ҷʦ𣿡
Ǵ۾˵

Ҷ̲סһ漴ĳһɵЦеȥʱһֹŹֵ뷨
ˮ֮ѩһﻹŮҰްͬʱȴҲһף
˵زɵĵطŵϵһˣҶ쵭˵˵⼸һô죿ɱ˻ֱӵꣿ

Ƶģʱһµӵһ𺳣Ǹȴһּ
ڵҪ
ҪɱңлҪ˵
û˵ȴѾĽ
ʲôԺ˵ɡ
Ҷ⻺ɢ˵
ҪɱңΣգһжѡģΪôģңǵҲ൱ΣգΪڱǿȡ͡
һѪһţʱ±˲˺ѣҶ΢ȻԷ곹׵ȥ
ɫ΢䣬˺ȵʦΣգߡ


1934 ɱⱩ
һѵ˵ģ
֮д˿˿ͷĻߡ
˵ȷʵģһ֮ϢҲѾ׵ɢ˳Ҳڷ֣ߣʵڴ̫žΪܹǿߣ֮Ҳûм֮иҲֻǼ˲ſԡ
Ҷ˫Ŀ΢΢֮еĹ⻪˸ʱͷųһֲƥĺâ
ʱ䣬Լʱ򣬺ĿԸоĳ֮УԼʦӺĵǵ׾˶ٵĿѡ
һټ򣬾ȻᱻСС裬Ҫȥǵͷˡ
㡭ʵﵽһ̶ȣУߵЩ˭𣿡
Ҷһ׵ľ룬ɫʼʵҪ˵Ǽˣû˵ģҶƵģȻĸûжȫ
˵εĲΪ֮棬οһεҶֻ֣ԼһˣǴôİǿߣ򵥰
ЩһϵϢֻԵմȾһ˿㹻Լ˵ޱˣԼǿǽȥ˴첻𾳵۷尡
ٺ٣Щ˵ݶصģҵǿԱ֤һ㣬Щһ㹻ֹʥǺúõĺһġ
Ҷ֮ɱȻĿ䡣
ֹʥ̫һӵǿߣԼ˺εȵĵزΪԼã군ˣʱԼˣҲúúõһˡ
޴嫣ƥʥ
ת˲ʱѣҶǰѾһƬĽ
һƬĿռ֮е˿˿ԪڵԪ
£봹ԣ̫ϳ
˵ǿϢȻǰ򣬵Ԫ֮ȴǶеĶˡ
һƬ֮ڻ
򡭡
һУҶ̲סĵһ
һжôϤȻ˵ʱ䲻ҶһĸоϾԼĵڶʦӣ
Сĵ㡭
Ҷǵǰȥģæĺȵ
ôˣ
Ҷ΢΢һ㶡
뿪ЩѾ˷츲صĸı䣬Щı䶼ĵλǸӵĵˣͱΪͷŵĵˣǱ˷ֵĻƱصĻһ䶯ġ
õġ
Ҷ¶һĨЦ⣬Ц֮дűɷ
ʦѾڱȺڱأһθӲܵ𱸵ģһεҲǰˣ֮ޱߣ뺦˭һ仰˵Ǻεȵǿɫһı仯ôԸܵ˲Сĸı䣬ƢҲ仯ϵıѹš
յʼı˺ܶˡ
ǰ֮ĺ¹˭
䡭
ƱǣһĿѸٵĴ˸ٴεݻٴεĳֳһĨϵĹ⻪޴Ӱһ㣬һͬǺһ㣬Ԧ㡣
ڣ֮Ԧӣ
ҶȻĴ߶֮һӿƿʼѸٵѵ
ǴٵףҶɲʱ̫ע⣬һƽٵټ׵

𡭡
ﴫ˽ްĺ·ǴǸĿΧ˵Ĺ⻪Щ⻪Ϊˮ֮Ĵٴεĵõ˴
죬лл㣡
һƽԼĴٴ飬Ҫôֲ֪ĵҲ֪ȴԽļΪǺĻˣ彫ҪˣΪڵǱһǿڳ
ϵҲȻ˴̫žһľ硣
棬һڻۣڴڵ죬ǿϢȻ˵ע⡣
˭˵ǰɣ
һԵޱȵ֡
ʱһҲ֮ǰ
һ۵ĵӣӳֵĹâǴǵݣȫĵӡ
ôĵӰȻҷӵҪ˭ôİԵ
Ϊ׵һȻֻдͨ۷ΪȴԻ൱İһ֮ΨҶơ
һ֮󣬶Է϶ʱ΢΢һ䣬ֱֻ仯ݼţһ̵ȴ¶һĨмɫĺȵ𣿾ȻôĶǲΪԼĵӾͿӵһˣѵû߹㣬Ժʱܹǳǵ˼Ҫ췴𣿡
һֱĺ
̬·ȫӵԼݡ
һﲻͨΪȻķֱҶޱȵľ㵣ͬʱҲڰԵķŭһﾹȻ˵ķ˵ķΪĵѾ˺ݺݵرӵһּ°
ޱȵҶ쿴һеĳ֣ܴһԭΪԼԵʰ
ַ壬ĵӣһҵӣ洫ĵӣֻ֮ѵҪ·ϲɣȻıŷʱǴﵽ˴̫žľ磬ʵ죬֮ж˿˵Ķġ
ڵʮ㡣
㡭Ϊַļһɫʱһ䣬ȫû뵽ռβ˵ӴʱȻôİ͵ˡ
˫Ŀˮ֮ѩˮ֮Ľ̰Ŀһۣһּ֮ӿǽһʰ
ˮ֮ѩ֮ŵŮĻ˵һٸζŮȻ׷ˣֱڱﰡ
⼵֮ĵĴ߶£ַʱķŭ
㾹ȻҶҺУҿǲȥ˰ɣڸһᣬڵϳģûһὫϱǵģȻˣҪҲаǾˮ֮ѩʦϺһϵľ顭
˵ַ˫Ŀٴγˮ֮ѩĽϿ˹ȥ˫Ŀ޲õĽˮ֮ѩǿȹһ㡭
飡
һ߶ֱͬһһ㣬һȭӶȥ
ۡ
Ѫ裬ڵַ屻һȭѳΪѪ
֡ʦ֣
ľٶԭվַ屳ֵ˷׷׵¶˾ɫ޷ŵĿƺû뵽ȻͰ
⻹Ǳѹǣ
洫ӣʲôʶĻӹ
еĺ֮ŭꪻչ˳ĺȵ
㡭鷳ˣʦֿһλ洫ӵ£ɱ㾹Ȼɱ
һ˿ںһȴѸٵӴ
ߡ
ҶɫѾʼԽ
裡
µ裡
ڴҶôʱ䣬ĵǹľ
һĵǣϴ˷ܺͼǷɵĸӱ飬ҶɱȻ˼¡
ȭͷݺݵҶзŭ
ֹʥ̫һӡǶҵţ


1935 ֣
ʦ֣ģ
λĵӷ׷׵Ĵк¶˷ܵɫʱʱ޿̵ĲھеӵżͱӣǿҵЩԴϢˡ
ĳ֣ǵǽһ
ٴˣڵҪˡ
һλӵ˼ˮ
ߣ
Ҷ˫Ŀ˿˿âĿ˵
һΣŭˣԼʦǾȻھô裬һеԭҲڱָʹģܹһĵӣ洫Ӷܵ˵ĶԴǱûڿˣҶǴҲŵġ
ܹһĳֹʥ̫һԼ໥һλǣ˭
֮Уһλλĵ໥ݻ໥̸һԶԵŮ໥
ǲĵ𣿡
Ҷ̤뵽˲䣬һеĵǵ϶ʱ¶˾ȵɫ·Ǵһģ
ǰȷʵĵӣ㿴ǲ𣿡
ЩһҪ췴𣿡΢ӾȻҲҳǴŽˣ𣿡
ˮ֮ѩˮ֮ᰡУŮӵıȴ൱ǿ󰡣ˮ֮ѩԴӳΪٸ֮ƺǸ
һһĴѵ
ʦ㣬Ϊ洫ӵˡ
һԴǵĽе
ʲô洫ӣʲôʦ㣿ûлᣬлĻˣ㿴˵ӣԵģ˵ΣΣʵ̫ˣܲˣȵлĻһҪƷһʦζ
ˣŮҵĻҪż켸ҹ´úõһеĿ޵
ôҲ֪ڸ£ѵ֪ǸƢ𣿡
̲סȰ
УƢôıƢΣӣֱǰţԽԽ̼λʦѵô𣿡
λ޼ɵĵϷš
ź裬ǺεȵĲ
ǡ
Ȼ̧Դ˫Ŀ֮з˿˿â
ʱǺεȵΪǺ¸Լʦǵ鷳ĻͱˣһΣҶˣֹʥܹΣһҪг𱨳
ôˣ㲻𣿲Ļǿ氡ԸĻˮ֮ѩʦΪɣ˵ĻͰˮ֮ѩʦ׳ʱǿǻúôģ
ǼĵԽ
ȥ
˫ĿȻһһ⻪ͬǳʵħһ㣬⻪貣Ҵ޾ɱ¾֮·ǿ˵궼Ҫһ⻪̴һ㡣
͡
޴ĺ֮ŭꪷ趯һ޴ĺۼ֮ʮλ޼ɵЦ֮еĵ˲ıնϡ
Ѫɣ
ۡ
䡭
žžž
Ѫɣ֫ص׹ɭȻ
ǺεȵĹ졣

һֹ쵽˼µİ·ǻɽ緢֮ǰһƬǾ㵵ı֮⣬е޲ڿ
еſ·û뵽һеĳֺͷһеĳ֣ʵΪ֮ˡ
̫ɲˣ
˭Ҳ벻Ȼ
һնɱʮλӣлʮλŵӰ
洫նɱŵû˻˵ʲôҲ֮У˵һĪĺƽ١
߻ħ˰ɣ㾹Ȼնɱŵӣ군ˣ׵군ˣӶġ
ƺһ֣ǼĵӾȻûбһնɱվϹѪͲ֫ɫĺ֮еŶٵĿŶȺ͵ǾԵԲ²ġ
֪ΪʲôҪ𣿡
¶˿˿⣬ϵĻҪôĿֲжôĿֲһϵıͷųɷ·ʵһ㣬˫Ŀضǰļ¶˽ɫݣɭȻЦ
衭ҪʲôҸ㣬ҿŵĵӣĴҡĻᵹùģ
ʱӵѾҲûԭֽţеֻһֵӣĵӣ·ڶޱȵĺ£ޱȵĿ־塣
ǵģʱı仯λǣûвٺµģʱȻ˵ĵӣλܵλǵĴʵȴɵĿ°
ҽµԭǡҪ
飡
͡
ȭͷ
У

໥ںϣѪʱĿʼɡ
׹Ѹٵĳǵӵϡ
Ĳҽʱķڿʼ
˰
ϵĴ
ŭˣ׵ŭˣˮ֮ѩߣַۣ۰ȺһﾹȻ˵ķĵϷҲܲסˡ
ʲôˣķ
һеļӰѸٵĳ֡
⼸˵ɢŴ̫žϢɽ纣ǿϢʵļ¡
ִˣ
˷˾ϲӱŰΣǵж񰡣ֲ̫ˡ
Ϊ׵һλִ߿ȥʮģϵĹ⻪˸־˵Ϣϵر
һ˫ĿѸٵĳˮ֮ѩˮ֮˿˹ȥڿˮ֮ѩˮ֮ʱ֮ȴһĨǿҵȺͿµռ
ڿ˲䣬ϵıȻһɱ񱩡
㲻𣿾Ȼ˵ĶԴŵӣס֣
Էŭĺ
ߡ
һҶˣẦʲôһΪԼʦîȥˡ

Էû뵽Ȼ˵ķԼĳ棬ûиıԼĶǸӣʱͿʼϢ΢ÿһϵļȴڲϵĳ鴤ţȻʱѾĥ˼ˡ
ס֣
ִߵȻĻӶĻһ̰ףѸٵĻһĻߣΧȥ
΢Ļ쵰ĵӾȻܹӵˮ֮ѩˣŮֻҲſӵУ
ִΪ⣬һλ̫žǿߣΪ洫ӣͬʱԼʦҲһλǿĳϣԭһֱ㿴ˮ֮ѩˮ֮Ůӣҽ䵱ŮӵĽ
ȴû뵽Ȼõˮ֮ѩˮ֮ǶԼмһˡ
ˣŮˣȵ֮һҪŮҵ·ŵĽ
뵽ˮ֮ѩˮ֮֮ĵŭӵʢ
ž
һֻֻչĺܣһֻȴǳεȥȴûа취ȥܹȥ෴ֻܹŶԷץס

һһֵֻﴫݳɺ˸Ȱݻ


1936 Ѫɱͽ
˭ϽķſңҪ𣿡
д󺧣ղȫûпҶεĽԼǰģǸû뵽Է֡
һ̰ʧȥļԦ˲Ŀʼɢ
ž
ҶȻɿˣó漴Ķ¶һĨɫ֮Ǻˡ
ȴû뵽ǣûеȵӦһֻȴȻٴεһ͵סĲӡ
ˢ
ҶȻվһŽӽ׸ߵĳ⣬ݺݵס˲
𺳣
ޱȵ𺳣
еˣ޲㵵ĿǰһС
һʱٴε
վǳִʱڵķӦ˹ŭ˭֪ԼʲôϽķ³ʦ֣
˫ĿžɫҶ죬Ʈİɫһɺ˫Ŀ޲һϢԺ֮Ȼĳһ˵ӰǸ˵ϢǺεȵľ춯أס
㡭ǡҶ죡
֮д޷ŵ·Ǽħһ㡣
ĳ⣬ҶʱҶϢʱһû˿ɺ˸е˼¡
Ҷ죿Ҷ˭Ҷ죿ôһﾹȻһ㾹Ȼ֪ҵ֣
Ҷ˿˿⣬˵
ȻһϢȴѸٵıǶ̶̵ʱѣ徹Ȼ۸̵أôţƵ
Ҫ
оҶƵڲǿ
⳾ʱ˾ĲҽкĵоǰҶޱȿֲǱԼʦǿĳ϶Ҫֲ
Ҷ֣ҶĵλսӡԺ֮УֹʥǿϻʯǿǶûнҶ㶨ǸʱҶжǿҶٴεĳ֣ʵжôĿֲ
ҶŭޱȵŭΪо溵ϢطԻ֮лԼһЩҪȴû뵽ǣŶ̶̵Ĳʮʱ䣬һоȻޱˡ
𡭡
ŭһǿֲŭ޾Ĳһ㣬Ŀʼ
Ҷ졪ŭˣ
ҡɱ
֮дž캧صϢɲɱȻıǴִƣһˮöƽˣڣĵӾȻ˵裬ƿؾȻȥ̣ܽһ˵ĬˣܺãǲܣҾȥܣɱɱһƬ죡
ǣ
ʥħĺ
飡
Ҷ΢⳾ֱӱҶ˺˲ӣ˲Ľꡣ
ɱ¾
ֲɱ¾
Ҷ˫Ŀâϴž춯صĹ⻪
Ҷ죡Ҷˣ
ĺȻĴݳſɲĹ⻪Ѹٵͷ˳ҿʼϢ˷ϵĴ˳ȥ
Сң
һʯǿ͵ĳ֡
ϴž춯صǿϢٵĿʼͷų
Ϣ֮Уݻϣ·ҪһƬĲ񷶼
̫žΪ
Ȼһ˲ǿߣ
ߣϣȴ֪εȥֱǷǣҪã
Ҷһġ
飡
һߵ·̫ܵɽѹһ㣬Ȼ֮ѾҶϵĻ˵ҲѪŽʼˣת˲ѣһգ۵ʱ䶼ֱӵıҶ
⡭һҪ𣿡
λӵɫȫû뵽龹Ȼӡ
̬ҶֵģһһʽĪ̲һƴȥٲȻҪ䳹׵ѹĵز
ģģô£
ڰһλʯǿо˼¡
޷ŵĿҶ죬Ҷ죬Ǹ׷ɱķ·һһСھȻʵ
öôĿֲôĿ°
ߡ
Ҷٴεһȴͬһըһ㣬ڰĻʯǿ߶߻ص˲ĶԷоԼһĿ
漴ѣһ̾ȻֱӱΪһ⡣
һ߱㽫һʯǿ߸ˣ˵ȥûţʵ
ʱЩǿߣҶ쿴Сѣ˿ԼĶ֣ǻٵҲûпܵġ
ҶȴôҪǽµĵһµϴơ
ɱ¾񱩣
Ҷһħһ㣬ž춯صɱ⣬ȥӶ
ͽ
Ѫɱͽ
֮޲һѪꡣ
һ֮Уһм
Ϊ׵һϴαЦݺͿµϢ˷·ǿԺںһһ㡣
ҶĻȻʶԷΪ˲Ǳˣֹʥ
ֹʥǱΪ̫һҲվڶԷǰֻȴֹʥС˲١
վΧһˣÿһλ˫Ŀ΢գ·˯һ㣬ϵϢȴ൱ĿֲƲ
ǵ̬ƺԼİΧʲôⱻΧһˡ
һȥЩϣɢһߡ
ҲһˣҪ֪ҲûжٵļֵˣѡЧҰɣĵ֮УŲСĴУˮ֮ѩˮ֮ҲԶйϵһΣֻҪܹҺĻǾһµģǿԹͬĲϵ
̫һЦ˵
ߺߣͷѾˣ˵Ĳˣó԰ǿȥ⴫ȴǾԲύģһУҵĵӿܵĪĳǵĻǻ𣿡ֹʥ˫ĿȻ϶Ĺ⻪ȴڲϵչֺ˸ţȻ˵ĻҲԲȥҪǴУڱľѧҪ֮壬ˮ֮ѩˮ֮Ϊ֮ṱ׳ɣ
͡
˫ĿȻâʼ˸ϵϢϵıֹʥҪ˵ôķϻˣҪĶǲģ˵Щ飬ҲȻĲͬģһˣȻȥմȾŮӣ㵱ΪԼǽǹ𣿡
񡭡ҿһȨȣôˣûвǽĻǰҿԼ̣һеĻǾͲҪǣ
ֹʥɫȻһ䣬ĺȵ
ҲʱһֲϢȴѸٵ˳ֱӵĳ
ʲô飿
ֹʥɫ΢䣬ĺȵ

Ȼĳ֡
֮д޷ڸǵĿֲϢ·ǿԽһ㣬ڲ


1937 
Ҷ졭ͽڣ㲻ӣһѡΪУںصΪУ㲻ú
һ˵֮дĺԹ쳣
һϱҶס˲ӣվ֮ϣѪš
ú͸ˣڵҾҪⸯĹǽΪи谭
ҶֱӵĽӵ˵ϡ
γһģѪ⡣
˭˵ҵ֮з
һŭȻĳ֣ŭ֮дſµɱŭ⣬·һԶŵħһ㣬˺һе谭ĳ֮ϡ
ǿֲϢƣһйϵϢŵֹ̬ʥһ˻˭
׷ɣɺ˸ǰɫۻƮţɣ˿˿⣬Ҷ컹˭
㣿
ֹʥ¶һĨ㵵ɫ
ĹϵĻʯǿҲ¶˵ı飬̫һӵ˫Ŀ˿˿âϵ˸ţϵľۼɱ⡣
Ҷ죬Ȼ㣿
̫һӵﻺؿ˵
㾹Ȼһ㾹ȻĻˣ̤Ьٴȫѹ㾹Ȼһ̫ˣ˰СӸץҪСӰƤ
ֹʥ̫һĹϻʯǿߣ¶˷ܵɫǿҶڵһһ󱦲ذ
ǵõҶľѧǿ϶ԼʵɿʱҪ£Ǿޱɵ顣
ĪĺôĪĻԵԼǰ
ǹȴˣڳ֮УȻûκεһѡ֡
һɷɱ¾֮νǴݲĵӣײϵĻ
ɱǿ޲ǵޱȣ޲õ뿪ҶԶԶģﻹǰ֡
ϣҶνһħնɱĵѾﵽһֲȫĶְ
һλ洫Ľе
ʱҪȥ˵ˣֹʥѾˣΧֵĴѪɭȻ׹ǡ
ҶֶѾˣղֻע⵽ҶĴڣȴû뵽Ҷ쾹Ȼ˵ķ
Ҷ졭Ҫ췴𣿡
Ҷ죬ֹʥȻı쳣ĺ
ͷ
ĺ
˫ĿǸߣ̲סĻ
ĵӣҪ췴˭ǵȨҶͽǾȻѡһ𣬸Ͻĸҹһȥ
ֹʥĺȵ
˵Ӱֹʥŭ֣ҲĵһĵӣǺܿȴ¶˼ᶨɫ
ͬĵӣΪʲôЩƿȴϵԼĵǣֹʥ˵úǳ˵òǾЩ飡
һλĵŭĺ

ֹʥĺϵȻı
䡭
֮ϴ޾Ĺ⻪˸ǿɲϢҪ񷶼ѹһ㡣
޾ת췭ظ
ϢʥĲı
ϢһﾹȻҲﵽ˴ľ𣿡
ţħ̲סƲƲ͡
ֻͽߴϢѣڵֻһ벽ĵΡ
Ҷ˫Ŀ΢΢˿˿Ĳм˵

ֹʥˡ
䡭屩ԭĿռѵԭȴʧԭֻת˲ԷѾҶǰӶԼҶ˺ѹȥ
죬Сģ
Ӵĺȵ
ϴŵ֮ɫΣҶԼĵӣκε鷢ԼĵӣϵڣͼΧʯǵѹơ
䡭һӰ֣Ҷǰ
һӰıĶԷģ˳
壬ſɲɷƻסֹʥϴŲмɫ
ǵʥħ˭ôƢ㱾Ҳҫ
ʥħмЦ
ʲôôܣֹʥ޷ŵĿŵʥħȫû뵽Լĳ־Ȼһ棬εȵǿЩνǿĺܣﵽһ£ǲһҪ뵽ľˡ
ΪʲôҶߵһ¶򲻹
ӡ
ʥħŭһһȥ·Ҫ񷶼һ㡣
ȻϢʣȻֻһ˿Ϣȴ㹻ǿΪ֮ʧɫ
ۡ
һѪڵʥħһ¿ʼλˡ
ֹʥȻĵ䵽˵ϣҵĲš
ôܣ
ô£
̫һӺλʯǿǷ׷׵¶˾֮ɫ޷ŵĽ
ֹʥǵػ߰һʵΪǿ󣬹Ϊ벽ĵزˣǾȻǵʥħһ֮С
һȺһʲôˣ־֮ĿʼЩʯǿߣЩǿǣڵǣ㵵ķ֣ǿѾˡ
͡
˲ĽӾ˳ȥ
ʦ𣡡
ӣҶ¶˼ɫ
áá
ӵϴżɫϵ˵
ʦܿˡ
Ҷһε˵
޷޷Ϊʦܹɳͺοˡ
Ӻǿο˵
˫ĿȻҶƻӶԦһӣ·֮µǺһ㣬ʱǿݺݵسֹʥѹƹȥǡȥɣ
¡¡
һɽ纣ǿϢѹԿɽʯٵء
޴֮񷶼ʧɫ¶ʼ޹⡣
ס֣ͻأģʱһݳ
֮дһֹϵϢɳƣҳ˺嫵Ĳ·һʵĹһ㣬̣ȴְܡ
䡭
һֻ֣ﵽףƺƵݻǿĲϵϢҶײһ𡭡
¡¡
ɾҵײĿֲȻҪһ㣬籩γɣĶ
ϵѪ𣬵رһһ㣬˼ƽٰڱ
ʦҵʦˣʦ𣡣
ֹʥ֮дžϲޱȵĲĺ
â֣Ӱ̲֮һתϢ·ǿԶһһ㡣
ӰԦųӣƺػмӰߣӰ֮ӵɫ̲ס΢΢һ䣺
ҩʡҹ˾ȻҲˣղֹʥʦ𡭡ѵ˵ӵһ
ٴεĿмһˡ
һصۣϴŵ⣬·ﶼҪԼĽһ㣬ﶼҪضɱѹơ
𣡣
еǿ̲סһ𺳡

ޱȣĿǿߣ
ƿأȻ
һȻﵽ˴Ϊÿµļһﰡսħĺ
ʦ𡭡ʦȻ򣡡
м֮ˣֹʥĽ
Ҷ˵ɫȴȻһ䣬ӵɫѿ˼¡


1938 Ҳô
Ȼֹʥʦ
ӣҶ춼ϢЩãȻֹʥʦһصĴڣ˵һһλϵĳϣھȻʹմȾϵ
Ǵȴûзϣ˵һ൱׵ģѹֹʥ˵ǿ󣬶һȻŴڱҪǿǶѵģһĳȴҲҶɫʼԽѿ
ЩĵǶ˵ı飬ǱߣǷŭ˼£ǿҵ޷ȥܡ
ţƣǿ󰡣ѹֹʥһ죬ѹĵܵĪ֮ȴŲĴ𣬾ȻǴڱðӽǼʶˣʲô޳ܣʲô쵰ĵǣ޼ɵܵĪĴĵӾͲôĵӾһȺ𣿡
ӵ֮дһƦӰķֿڵݺεȵǿңһЩеѪԵĳȴҲ̲ס¶һĨ֮ɫ
ӵĻȻȴпϣǴһǿҵĴ
Ҷ˫Ŀ΢΢𣬿ǰĴ𣬴˵Ϊ򵥣ȻԴﵽľ磬˵˵Ƕ˵ǿһˡ
˵ӿȥϣȴһֲϵϢ˵Ϣ·뵽ʹ֮Уʵĸоޱȡ
һ˫֮Уŵǲ·һ㣬ݻŸ
ӵŭû˿ı顣
ҩʺͺҹߵ˫ĿȴԵĽҲڱչ֮Уȴû뵽ͻȻıϢǸо˴Ĵڣƹض
ȴû뵽صǽɱ¾Ѫ׹ǡ
ҶˣҲ֪ģҶ൱ĺøеģһúӡ
ʦ𡭡ʦ𰡡㿴ҪһȺĻٵ
ֹʥĺʱĴĳ֣ҲĹǡ
¡գ°ɣ
𵭵˵
գʦôܹհ˼ҵʵȫĿԽһȺ֪Ļ쵰նɱģΪʲôҪգ
ֹʥĽ
ܵǺεȵľˣһ֮жǺģյĻϺڣһҫڡ
ԲգϿɺͬġ
գһȥ
ٴεĴݳȻ·ϵƶ䣬ȴַ·
ǹͨصݻһֲϢ
ߣֹʥ
Ҷش˳
һҩʺͺҹ߶ʱһֹʥȴԵĴˬ˫Ŀ֮дԹɫҶ죬ϵЦţ
С֣һҲɸεȥͽǣȴԼˡ
ʦ㿴СӲ֪ѧһаڴһȺаɱʱȻġ
˫Ŀ΢΢ƿأƿ£Ķһ޾Ϣ͵ͷ˳
ɿƽ
ޱߵѹƹȥҶͷһͷţȻΣȴƺɽĿֲ;ˡ
˵գ
Ҷ죬ٴεĿ˵
˵ֹʥ
ŴҶһһٵĺ˵
һļһҶ컹£һѾﵽ˴ľ磬ҲẦ¡
䡭
ߵ˫Ŀضһ˿û˲
һʱڳǿҶ֮⣬޲¶˾ɫ
Ǵ𰡣Ĵһƿأ֮º˿ԼһǿߣʱҶ쾹Ȼ𶼲ŹǺεȵİ
׳գСӾȻǵ𣬼ֱ
̫һӵ¶һĨЦݣмЦ
ֹʥһĨ䣺
Ҷ죬Ȼһ׳գҵʦǴһ˲õ㾹Ȼ˵ķ˵ǣǻζˡ
뵽ԼʦǿᣬʱѾڸղʧȥһбֵԽˡ
ﾺ棬һκ˶ȥصƿأƿأҵƿ֮У˵һΣʹգ
˫Ŀ֮Уâ貶ǳݻײһ㡣
Ĺ⻪Խľ
ȻʱĴѾڿʼŭ

Ҷ͵ĴЦ
ʵ̫ĿӵˣֿӵɴȻҲܹ˵˵˵ĹûʣָָŴ𣬰ȻɢĺǰԵ
˵ֹʥô˵޳ܣ˵֮ôôĻ쵰ĴƿأεĲϰýһ鲻ˬƨȻ˵ﾺǾ˵ȭͷˣҾͼʶһĵ
ӣƨ
ӲûаӵɳȻҲȥԼԿģԼȥҲû˿ĺôģֻû뵽ǣҶ쾹Ȼ
һҩʺͺҹ߸Ǽðжš
ҶʵƢ̫ˡ
ܺãС
˫ĿȻâߵ
һɿɲɷıϵϢı仯ţ·Ҫһеһ㣬һֻݺݵسҶץ˹ȥ
顭
ռ䷢һŤһֻֿƼ򵥣ʵȴ̲еĻ߲ϵŤݻĹ⻪ͷš
ãСģ
ӵɫ䣬û뵽˵޳ܣԼĵӣһС˵־ͳ֡
䡭
һ޴˳
һ޴ȴеˣǵϴž㵵ɫǳ鴤ǸоԼ񾭶ҪֹͣתԶҪ͵ˡ
ռŤǴȴڲϲ
ƺҪסԼĶӣȻĺʹҶǰ㣬ȭͷȥصĻ˴Ķӡ
𡭡˴ˣ
һӺȻֹʥ˵ҶʵǶôĿֲǿ
㡭
ţȻû뵽Ҷ쾹Ȼ֣ٶô죬Լ޷ֿס
ʲôʲôƿߣ㹷ƨǣ
Ҷĺȵ

ڣһƳ֣ݻΪɱķģĴɱҶ֮ϡ
飡
ٴεһȭ֣ʱҶֱӺɱ˵ϡ
飡
һȭʦģ
飡
һȭΪҵġ
飡
һȭΪⲻһģ
أ

ȭͷϵĻӶţе޲㵵ĿһУû뵽ôͱӡ
ôܣ
ֹʥȽŶڶţվûˣԼʦ𣬺ĴǺɨԪǿڣʱҶǰȴ·һֻҰĲдš


1939 

ȭͷ֮໥ײݳĦϷǾҵǿ޲¶˾㵵ɫǵ֮޷ȥһ˿ɴԼ۾ǰһУ޷ŵ̬εȵԡ
һĴڣϵǿ߰߸ϣѾʧˣҶʲôˣһСѡ
ǾһСȻǰĴһıŹš
ΣΣ
ֹʥǶŽеľʹʧȥԭ֪
һ̫һֱӵ˫Ŀһѣ˹ȥ
һجΰĳ֣޷ȥܡ
ס֣
ҩʺͺҹڵķӦ˹̲סĽ
ˢ
Ҷ΢΢һŵڲдĴ֮д˿˿âҩʺͺҹߣҶ컹Ǹӵġ
뿪ʱһصԼڴߵҶоϢĳ֡
ˮ֮ӿȪ౨οǰ߻Լľˡ
Σ
ҩʿЦ˵
һε̫Ĺ;ˣڵҩѾûʸǰ˵̣Էǿ𶼿ȥŹʵһ𺳡
ⲻʮصʱ֮УҶ쵽Ǿʲô飬ȻԺبǿߣɶ޵Ĵڰ
գ˵ļ򵥣Ϊ˲ˣƿͿȥӶ˵һУ̳ӸǰԵĺܰһ첻˵ޱȵŰ裬ҲĻĵҵʦ𻹲֪ǲܹ
ҹɫһȻҶʵǿ󣬵ǱһС˵Ľѵȷʵһ൱ܵ飬Ҷʵʸȥа塣
һεȷʵǴ֮бϾŴһݹ͵ģҪնɱĻδһ¡
ж飬һӣǱؽм
ҹҲؿ˵
ǿΪҶǿѾɣԾǺҹҩ߶ȥ⡣
ҹҩʣϺͿ𣿾ȻȻȥһСģҶ죬̳ģ㾹Ȼ˵ĴңҷģһҪնɱһҪնɱ
һԹĺ
ž
ʥħһƵĽһϺݺݵĻӶһ¡
ֲʱĽ˵նˣһѪȻһƵ൱Ŀֲ
УССȻҲ˵İԵʲô뵱Ѫҵǰ˵ķ
ѪѪޡ
һǴ˫ĿʼɵùԲֻкҹҩ߸ǻĲʱǲĿҶΧһˡ
ɵõһ
ЩˣЩˣǾȻ󲿷ֶ޷еʵֻƷϿԼĸоһ΢ĲǾ㲨Ҳ㹻ǸоһľϢС
ⶼЩʲôȻҵ޷ѪޣǿƿصΪаһʵҲΪһλһȭ죬ŭȲ񷣬˺޾ǿ߶ԣѪڶԷǰȻҪװӣһһﵽʲôˣ
ͫ׾ҵţ·Ҫγһâһ㡣
ߡҲˣҪģƺǲҪôġ
ҶһĨЦݣ˵
ĺҪԼӣǿߣ˵ǿԼȻڽа壬ԼղԲ
ҲֻһʱͿѣһΣܸӣޱȸм
ҩʿЦ˵
Ҷ΢΢ĸһԼ°ͣ⵹ȥŹ𣬱ϾԷһϵǿߣϾɱҲδһ£ǾӷŵĻȴЩġ
ңǻһϢ
Ϣ
Ҷ˫Ŀ΢Ŀһۺҹ
ǵģһ˵ޱϢһӣһȥĵӣһֱѰԼӵһ꣬Ϸ֪һȥֻҪܹϷǿԳɽġ
ӣ
Ҷкݺݵһ
ӵ꣬˺ѳΪ֣һʧˣҶεȥѰҵģȴҲûа취ҵ
֪ģε㣿
Ҷ˫Ŀ񽣣ĿƵĿǰߡ
ҡԸƿصλ͸ǣ彫ΪƿأӦ㹻Ļȡҵɣ
¶һĨεɫ˵
Ѿˡ
ǴģʱѾоǰһ˵ǿ
ǵʥħˣ޲ǿĺܡ
ǿʵľʱĴȻ˵ȴҲ֪ԼһҪˡ
죬˴ˣһǲҪֵô
ҲʼȰ˵ʵϣһε鶼ֹʥǵģЩ˵죬Ǵ֮ûֱӵϵġ
˵ɣ
Ҷ컺Ŀ˵
ҩʵ΢΢һ漴ĽһϢݵҶĶߣɫ΢΢һüͷȴҲٴε
ȷ
ҩĵ˵ͷ
ǵģȷʵ
˫Ŀ΢΢Ҷ磬ȴڷ˼
ãǶж飬ʹգ߰ɡ
Ҷ컺ؿ˵ǵ˵Ը˵һε飬Ϊӵģοõ˺ӵϢԼ˵ҲһĪĺ¡
л
ҩʺͺҹҲٶԣתҪѡ뿪
ʦ𡭡ʦң
ֹʥһҪ뿪ʱɵۡ
ʱļ
ߡ
ɫһڣһֱӵˡ
ﶼˣ£ʵͨ죬λνߣڽȴĴ
Կ
ϵȺһȻؽĽ֮УԶͷţ
һˣҶ˵
漴ٴοĵӣҶ˫Ŀ磬޷ֱӣ
µĵ죬Ҫ뿪ģھ뿪ҪģǾҪѡ񳼷
ܹҶҲҪ뵽ĸ߲ƿصķΧУǽǿ
֮򳹵׵
µı˽ӹܣһεƿӣҶİͳ֣ӵʵɿıǵ˴һľ磬Ȼ˵ҪС١
ƿֵġ
ٹȥ˼գһŵɨ򣬽ͼҪͼռ˵ǿնɱ𡭡


1940 Цã
֮
ųǣ
ٴεҶп֡
Լֹʥ׷ɱƿգ֮УСѾͷ
ѩ
ҶԺѩ֮ΪܺõǸõĹϵģκΣڲϵı仯ţͷ·һ㣬޷ȥ˽⵽һεĸı䵽׻ᷢʲô
ȣԼ뿪ųǣȴû뵽˱ȵѩࡣ
Լѡ˳ԭǶ໥ıȴû뵽ǣѩҼΪԼļӵķٶԼԼϢ͸¶ȥ򣬵Լٴε֮á
ѩӦûں޵Ҫɣ
Ҷ૵
ٴε֮֮Ҷпǧѩһ˵ŮˣԼնɱĸףԷѾԼ޵Ҫˡ
壬û뵽ѩȻӵ壬ӦһϿֲʥˣʥĴҲŹֻû뵽С椵ϾȻӵУֹʥѩΪӣԷȻڶ̶̵ʱ֮бﵽ˴̫žľ磬֮ǰڵĻҲӦǰ벽ľˣ𡭡ȻΪ֮񰡡
뵽һ£ҶҲʼԽĳ
ҶԼѩ֮϶һαҪƵĽ֣Լѩ
Ҷ첻ܹȥȴҲѩ
˾һ鰡
֮ѩҲûлȥӦûɣ
ɣҶ쿴ųǣؿ˵
ųǣѩңȻһΣΪҶԭѩԪˣʱ֮УѩڵõĴ֮󣬸ֹʥ࣬ʵһﶼҪ£Σ۸ѩҵնɱѩҲʵѩҼԸΪ֮ǿ塣
ɱ¾ԣѩľȻɱԭǸŮڲ֪ʲôӣ
վ֮ϣҶ˺ܶܶ࣬Щ΢΢ĳˡ
ȥİ
Ʒĵվ֮ϣŴ飬һįѩ̬
ߡ
ţħû˵طҲм䡣
С椵ʵӦڰ벽ľ磬ˣɱΪǧٵÿһɱ¾Ϊ˵С椾ȻȫĲ򣬲֪ڲ˶ٵزˣˣҲʵȥնɱģֻǲ֪Ƿնɱġ
ڵ飬ţħȻҲ֪ġ
նɱ𣿴ʱѩҪ𣬶еĹ˭Ҳ˵˭˭ǡǲɱģҶ㿪ˡ
֮ʰһζˣһǻڵġ
ţħ˵
ٺ١𣿡
Ҷ΢΢һЦÿɷ
ȥ¡
Ʒ̲סĽе
ʵǺİ
ߡ
һ˿ٵǰУߵʥħһǿߡ
ѩұʱȻ֮֮ǿģɣҶʵȴɵ硣
ҹĻ֮УҶҹɫѾѩұ
ԭеƣѩұڻԭģԭĽӵĺΰӵľ޴
ƻͨȻҹĻ֮£ѩұ֮ȴһ㡣
üͷ΢΢Ҷ˫Ŀһȥ
һӰС
һò׵ŮӣԷȥڶʮģķഺһ·һһ㣬峺͸ϢǴ
࡭
Ҷ΢΢һ̾Ϣ
ԼڴʱܵصĴˣʱԼԼ»޷㶨
ʱԭȽ϶һĨζǸϵֳʡ
ȻЩҲɳ˺ܶࡣ
СѾͷȻȥ˲٣ȴһִϢ
΢΢ĸ֮̾УҶȴ΢΢һһʧԭ
ų֮УҶȽϹһˣСѾͷĴҶϲԷĲҶȻҲ˲١
͡
һƿͻأĳ֡
ʱĻһ˵Ĺ⻪
Ȼ˵ҹĻ֮Уһ⻪΢ԲҶʵȴĿ
һޱȵӰνСԱһŮӣҹɫ٣һɫǳ֮֮ϴ£·Ҫһ㣬̬öԷĽԵøӵ
ǰ͹µĽ»֮£һĻŮһ㣬Ϊ֮Ķ
ҶüͷȴȻ
ƺǴѩұֵģ
Ҷ΢΢һʱת˲建׷ѰŶԷȥ
Ȼ֪ԼжǷȷҶȴܵ˿ˣȫҶ컹Ҫȥ
ԷʵȻڴһϢϣŶԷĲϼӳ֣ٶϾȻһס
ҶٶȺʵǿĺܣ˵ĻȻĲȥġ
죡
ٶϿľˣֻת˲ҶѾԷˡ
͡
ɱ֮أ
ѧҶ˽ĸŶԷǴȴҲȻĲᷢ֡
ǽ»ҶȴоһӰЩϤ
˭أ
˼֮УԷȴ͵һһӹȥ
һ׵ıƵ൱ԷƺǶһϤˣֻת˲ѣһȴǰٵĴ˽ȥ

ҶԽĺ
һ˱֮С
ˣ
һϲ
һģ·Ǵʯһ㣬˵񲻾ı㱻˹ȥ
ڰصҶ֮ȴ̲סһ
溶
ǺԼȫһ¡
ʼԴ곹׵ıˣȻϵĽҲˣҶϢ׷ѰӦˡ
Ϊʲô
𣿡
һаݳ
ʱҶٴεһΪҶ²ûдĻӦñѩ
˫Ŀ΢΢ҶüĿٵһ֮ۼӳ֣˲俴һС
ֻһ֮У޵Ůڴϣ໥Ľš
˵òȴҶޱȵļ
Ϊеһ˾Ȼ溣һ˺Լ²ûдѩ
ֻȴҶЦá
һģ˫ĿȴһּǿϢǳĽԭӵǰһԽĸơ
ԲҲ˵ĺܡ
ѩԭ񾲺Ƥһġ
һϢԷӾͷ·һŮһ㣬Ķҹ꣬һа
ҶЦõǣʱС˵˵Ż֮ľ뾹ȻԽԽ
ԽԽԽԽӣȻһ
ǡٺϣ
ҶϱǽһŹ֡


1941 
ŷ磬㹻꿡Ϊ֮ľҶǹŹֺ;㵵עĴյһ
Ƭӣ໥Ľ֯۵ͬɵСһڲϵĽ֯Ͳһ
۵࣬ĺ촽µԼǲʱӿֳ˿˿糺죬ʵ޷ˡ
ˢ
溵˵Ϣƺǿʼôѩ糺죬ϵĴأ溽ϵѾЩ޷ѳˡ
У
Ȼƿ˶ѩϹߺķɫ֮ɫĿѩУǲӡ
˵䣬С΢΢ſģȴѾĳָоˡ
溶ôˣ
ѩĽ΢΢ĲţȻǽϵֳ嶯Щ޷ѳ֡
ǲӡ
溲е
溶ΪʲôΪʲôӣѵ˵㲻ϲ𣿡
ѩһѱס溣Ƿ۵Ķ΢΢ţʱڶԷǾӨĶ²ϡ
溵֮֮һѩĶ溵ʱĽһȴţƺڳĳĪĥһ㣺ǲӵģҺӦˡǶŮ˰
ĵֿȴûлѩϿɣ㴽ϵ溵Ķ飬ָ̽ǻĽ
溱ıޱȵĻһԱƺǸӵˣ΢΢һʱ˳οʼض
Ȼˣȴµĺܣģȥ൱浾Ǿ浾ȴ㹻еĻӵʢ
ѩĶ溵ĽʱĸǿңʱĲ˽ΰĽֱ̬
Ҷüͷǽһ
ٺϣһֶôõĴڰǰٺϵһֺȴŮͬŮŮ֮֮Ϊٺϡ
ھ½֮УҶ춼ٵаٺϵĳ֣ȴû뵽ȴʶˣŮˣȻǲҪ˵ˣԼŮˣѩĹϵҲΪ
֪Сô͸㵽һ𣬶ҹϵϻ˵Ĺ졣
˵һˣ۸Լ溶ҶһƵĹȥˣڣһŮˣҵԼĹϵޱȵԼ²ȥ֡
ҲûŭֻһֿЦõĸоȻ˵ҶȷʵԳ֣ȴʱ֡
Ǻ棬ߵʶһġ
ҪҶҪ֪

΢΢ĴϢţС椵Ķ൱Ļ𱬣֪ѩʲôطѧַȻ˶ҪåҶ϶̲סĳĻ硣

ڵѩ΢΢һϪˮѾ֣ϣһεĲԼգСſ㴽ʱıⱴҧסģĿĳʱѾѩĿʼˡ
Ҫ
ѩ͵ԼȹҲ漴ֻӶ溵ȹ⿪溵һܾͽߵ
ĽѾһ𣬲ѩΪĦ
һĽߵС³
ακεһ˿ĻԻʢġ
֮۶ڲҶоԼĺʼüǰΣһС椵ĶҪôĹжôĹ꣬ҶΪƵǣԼŮ˾ȻһС椸ˣʵ൱۰
溶ִ˲ٰ
滺ظţѩɫвϵ湴ճһ˵Ļߣ֮УѩϷ˵

ƺǸоԼ֮ڱʱ溵ĽҲʼø
溶Ҫ𣿡
ѩĦԼĽĿ˵
ʱüС΢ţΪѩϾԵʣʱѾ΢΢쵽㴽棬˿˿˿ϵĴ㴽ϵȥ൱컡
ȴ˵ӿһǿ
룡
溼ŽеȻڵĻڷȼգ溵ƺһּᶨ
Ҷ˫ĿһѾоԼͼҪߵĽ֮еõõϢǲܵˣȻ˵ĻȻĴҪˡ
͡
һâ͵ļ
һâ·һߣȻǿҵƻҶƿ֮£ȴû̫ɱ
ʱڱѩ溽һĲ˲ҪڵϣѩɫļʱҲһ㵭ķۺ죬ȥޱȿɰСſڴϢӣһǿҵĳ嶯Ǿڴʱȴ΢΢һ䡣
ѩҲо˲Ծ߳ٵһƬĽѾߵϡ
ɱѪɱķ
ѩһһĿʼ߶Ѹٵĳһȥ
罣Ѹ磬ɿʩչ֮УϵɱٲȻҪض֮Уһݳ˲䳯Ҷڵķݺݵػɱȥ

ҲһɺħѸٵĳС
ɱʥħ
ߵ磬⣬ռ䱻һΧѸٵΪ촷ۡ
飡
һֻֻس֣ʱĽһе谭Ļ飬Ҷ˺˿ռߵǰ
㡭Ȼ㣡
Ҷ죬ѩĽһϸ¶һĨӵ
þòˣ
ѩҶҲǸпǧؿ˵
Ȼ֪ѩǾʲô飬ǴʱҶȴѾоС椵Կʼ䣬ԸԽĹŹֵĺܡ
뵽˸ղŵһĻҶѾԽĿ϶
Ҷ죿
溵΢΢һüƺ˼ʲô
һ̣ѩȴȻĳ֣磬˲ҶǰֻӶҶϮȥ
Ҷ죬ҵ
͡
ڣݻǷ·һһ㣬֮һнΪѵķĩ
Ҷɫ΢΢һȻû뵽С椾Ȼڶݵʱ֮бﵽ˴һľ磬ǱʦֹʥҪǿ١
ʵҶ˵ȴû˿Ч˲˵ľһֻʩչݻһӡسŶԷ߶ȥͼѩֹͣ
͡
ݺᣬһаĽѸٵӳ
൱ϢȻһ·ռ䶼Ϊ֮һȴٴεı
ɱʥħ
溾Ȼʱˣ
溶
Ҷɫ΢䣬ȫû뵽ʱ溾ȻԼ֡
ɱʥ
溵˫˿˿ɷԭ浾ȫĲϣһֿɲɷӿ


1942 ħˣ
͡
һ֣֮жһаϢһޱаϢѪĲٲȻҪﶼǿеɵһ㣬Ҷ챾˶оǿϢĿֲ֮
֮
Ҷ˫Ŀ˿˿âһֻʩչٵĽӡ
֣֮
䣡
޴Ľâɢ޾ĺɫӰĻһ𣬳Ҷɱȥһ㣬ƶħģ̰˻ռҡҡ׹Ҷֺ֮ݺݵײһ
䡭
ټ֮˲䴫һ޴·ǿնڲ
ҫɢ˼£һҪǿжȻ̬ǴʱҶȴ֣ΪԼŮڳ֣溣Ҷζȥ˺Էġ
˰ܣ
磬ɢźޱߣٴεĳ֣ҶԽԽ죬溵һʱѾʼѪɫѪɫһʱ˸˿˿а첨а崿Ϣںһ𣬸һĵȻ̬
䡭
ϢٴαҶѹҶ챻
溵ǹŹ֣ʵȻҶ˲٣ƾеɱʥħȴԴ൱ҶǱߴˣȥ֡
溶Ҷĺ겨ĺ溵Ľһ֮˸˿˿׷֮ɫ
ߡ
һѩ΢䣬ȫû뵽߾Ȼʶȴڴʱ溵ĽѸٵƿգȥ
ѩſ
Ҷ˿˿ĺ⡣
Ȼ䣬Ҷȴûɢɱ⣬ѩҶޱȵľᣬȻ֪϶ǺԼΪУҶȴɲɱȥնɱԷ
һޱȸӵ
ŹǱһԵģҶҾɱ㣬ҲҪõŮˣɱޣ
һ͵ͷţ漴ĳ֣Щ磬ߵ߽ǹѪɱ
ݻΪ˰ǵ̬
ҶǽһưһŮȴԼᰮˣҪôĻжôĻԵĻҶǺҪֹʥٴεնɱһΣѾĵǽѩʲôһԭ͵Ů˱ڵԸ
Ҷ죬ǻٴμġҶ˿ѩĴЦһµϴԹɫȴһָӵĲصͷţ㲨¾ѩҲоġ
顭
ǿ񱩵޳һ㣬˲ƿһת˲ʧԭ
㡭Ҷŭĺ
ȴ޷ȥ׷ѰԷΪʱеɱʥħٴεĺɱ
ˡ
ȵסһʵԵĽҶϴſЦƵĲݺݵؽеĽΪϸ΢
ѩ
εĽ֣һҶǳ׵ˣѩı仯Ҷ޷ӦԵʧˡ
ʼԴӡؼѾʧȥãԭҶΪֻҪԼȥնɱʼԴ꣬溾ͻָġ
ڿƺˡ
һӡӦǷĳֱ仯ģԻǶԼмģĻղҲ᳷С
Ůڿ²ôױҷˡ
Ҷ̲סͷоΪͷۡ
Ҷȷһ㣬ѩǲܵʲô˺ģȻ˵ѩԸ仯ΪƣȴҲ˶ӡ
ߵʵȻ˵㲻ǿ󣬵ɱǿԼɱʥħĿֲΪķģ
Ҷţ֮Ҳ˿˿˼
䡭
һɺ嫵Ȼʱ򱬷
һ˲֮ǿϢչֵ쾡£һϾ˵·񷣬ƿһ㡣
޼ɵʩչԼϢ޷ȥע⵽
Ϣдǿߣ
Ҷ˫Ŀ˿˿âѸٵʧԭ
䡭
һ޴ĺۼ֣һٵأâ˸Ź϶ʥϢ·̫ʱڵĹϢһ㣬Ǿ˵Ĳ˾
ѪõĲҪˣһӲ
һŵ˳֮з·̲һǿҵţŴԼϵƶʼޱȿֲ
ۡ
һ˵ҡҡ׹΢΢³һڲѪϴ˿˿Ц⣬һɫ֧ŵ棬Լ岻ڵȥ
˲ǵڵ֮ħ֮Ѫ˭
Ķ棬һɫƵĿѪ˿˿⡣
͡
ڵϻһĺۼѪڵĴϢţ¶˿˿Ц⣬ʱѪȴЦţЦȴԽ䡣
ħƵĿѪеϵķţ˫Ŀ֮еĹ⻪˸ϣȻѾɱġ
ħĵӻǴ󣬲ѡħȻ㶼ѡ񹴽ᣬֻǲ֪ǷܵĽأΪһޣƺǻû˵˻ϲġ
ѪЦ˵ͷԼǣ¶˵Ϣ
ߡѪ㲻Ҫʲôˣǰ׳գȻ֪ȡᣬʮԪ򣬵ȴ޷صħģһΣֻҪǱնɱ㣬ʱĶԻصħ֮У˽ƸҶˡ
ħ֮൱ĵȻ˫ĿľҲȴĵĻ̿֡
ħˣôİ׳֮ҪǣȴҲδؿ̫õģˣǸһȺǣ֪ǷԼ
ǴʱħȴѾﻢˣжҶһˣҲԽĳ뵽ҶѾԩ籩֮Уе˲Сİο
ɱ
ĺȵǽ˫ַ·İһ㣬ɢϢ
ġûˡ
н֧Ѫû˿ĺ£ȴڰԵĿЦѡ
ϣ
ۿҪɱȴڴʱһĦȻĻգһɢ׵͹ϢǹȻ˺˲񷣬һǿصĴȥ
͡
ǹ壬·һʥ⣬ϸǿֲľˣһǹ֮£ȻĽ˴̴ݺݵض˵ϡ
˭
ôܣǿ߰ħɫʼ仯
Χŭ˻ѡ
ħˡ
һ˵٩ش˳
ħɫʱһ䣬һ¶˲˼ɫĺҶ졭Ȼ㣿
֮д޷ŵĲĲš


1943 ޱ䣡
Ӱǰ߶ǵȻЦݾǸԶҲıħ
һɺ죬εȵͬöϾɺɫһ㣬峺͸ħһɺֱڶħĿɲ
͡
ҶƵ߹΢΢һѩǹѾ
ۡ
ʱԭ˵ϵǿߣһĶѪ
Ѫأ
㾹Ȼû
ħ￪ʼŽе
޷ŵĿҶ죬·ҪҶĿһ㣬ЩԼ۾⡣
Ҿ֪㲻ô׵ȥġ
Ѫվҡҡ׹Ц
㵹Ƕİ
ѪҶ컹ЩøеģϾԷûҹԼ鷳
ǰϴ˵ˣ˲꣡
Ҷһĳ鴤Ѫ湻ģڿ佱ػԼ
ħ𡭡
֮¶˿˿âħ൱Ĳơ
ҡҵǿСӽ뵽ԩ籩֮УһôܲħǲŽе
ʵЩ޷ˡ
ߣһȥȥʰ㣡
˵
漴һɫ˫ĿضҶ죬ɭȻЦҶ죬һǴħ֮ìܣϣʶ㣬Ҫֵĺã
Ҷ΢΢һЦʲôô𣿡ҶʵСһǿֲȭʥǿߣնɱҶʵٿԺʹǿӲӲĸһ
Ҫʲô
˵
ѪƺǶҶĻû˿⣬ﻺʱ˸һĹ⻪ڻָԼϵơ
ӲӲһһսѪδػẦһˣڶԷĳ֣Ѫ޷ȥӦˡ
ܼ򵥣ͷȽϽⵤҩ;ʯҪıȽ϶ࡣ
Ҷ˫ĿгһϸߣЦ˵
ˢ
΢΢һƻ֮Уǧöľʯ֮УٴεĻ֣ʮöɢŻĵҩ
ⵤҩϢҶ춼Ϊ֮ĲҲӦó˴漶ĵҩˡ
棬ÿһŶͬ۴СӨ͸ϸϸĿȥԿһӰ滺ߡ
ѾҪͨĵҩˡ
ˢ
Ҷ΢ѸٵĽպá
Ǿʯֱӷŵ˵֮С
һ䶯ѸٵĽʯ֮еֽ⣬뵽˵֮ص
ⵤҩǲǣƺ˵㣬˲ôСɣһΣ͸ô㣿Сӡ㲻Ҫôߣ
ŭȵ
ЩҩǶ񵤣óޱ۵ģҾĵλݣҪõҲúķѵֶεġ
һΣΪѪֲ̫һħ֪飬ǿ»һ޴սͺ䶯ġ
ΣѪ
ٺ٣㵤ҩ޷ҵģ
ҶЦ˵
㡭ҼסˣҶ죬ϼⶼڳ鴤һһٵĺ
͡
΢ʱһнӽöĵҩѸٵļ
ЩҩԭóЩޱƣϸǲףԭЩӵǿһЩȻƷá
ӴЩɶǺö
ҶЦĶţ΢뵽Լϡ
֣㾹ȻвңŰɣǽѪҲ
ݺݵˡ
ɱȻıħ𣬺޲õһ²İ׳ա
飬ǲˣˣҪɱҵģҪɱûзԵɰɣģҶ죡
Ҫˣ֪ҶôôǷء
ʲô˼
ֻϱɫȴû˵ģħһĻң̲סĺȵ
²Ķ㣡
ĺȵ
ɱѪ
ǣŭȵ
ĶѪˡ
Щҩܶ඼õǿҩ
˵㲻Ĳ˰ɣѪ̲סһ䣬Цʵ
ǱģҿһԭˣҪɱħ㰡ǸҺܸεĸ㣬ҡǲֵģ
Ҷ죬ȥɣ
ħӶƣĺ
͡
һ޴Ѻ۴ӵγһһ㣬Ҷѹ˹ȥ
Ҳ֣ȴû˵˲Ӵ
Ҷ͵һħȥ˻ҶⷬʱȻһ춯صϢٵ˳
ţħսħ𡢵ʥħȵһǿ߳Ѫߡ
ݣҶ飡ǿǿҪˡ
ǵʥħħǿȥӦģһһҲ಻ƽ֣͵ĳô࣬ô
Ҷ죬ģ
Ҷĺ
ϣսħеĵزħٺٵЦ
Ļ쵰
ħۼ鲻ãûеȵҶ콻ֱ֣ӵһ̵ĿӴ
ߣ𣿡
һȻĳ֡
ħת˫ֻ˾춯صѸٵĳҶɱȥһ˿ɲķâһıͺɱϣȻǲСġ
ۡ
һȭ֣
ͬĲٵĻһ״Уһ㣬ݺݵػ˹ȥ
ǿֲȭͷײʱı
ۡôܣ
һѪ磬ħ޷ŵĿԼţһ޴ĺۼɣ徹ȻҶһȭˡ
ʲôܵģ
ҶЦ˵һ˫Ŀȴĺˣ·öĿɲ
ڵҶڴľ磬һʮƵļӳ֣ղȻֻʩչһٶζѣһٶǾһǧӳ֣һǧǿںһеöôĿֲ
ûκεһ˿ļǽȴޱȿֲͲɵֿġ
ʵԭֻһϣʲôʸҶԿ
ǿеסϵľʹħٴγ֣貵ûȫᣬҶȴȻĵסֱۡ
꣡Ҷֱӵٴѵһı۰
һĲҽȻĴݳ֮д޷ŵľ͵ӡ
ȥɣ
Ҷƻش߶ϵĵӳȥݻɭȻֲ֮Ƿ
¡¡
Ȼ֮䣬һľҸı䣬ؼԪڷڣǳɪɪҡҡ׹´ŭ·޾Ԩһ㡣
֮УһĪϢͷ˳
Ҷ˫ĿȻһ䣬¶޷ڸǵ֮ɫ


1944 飡ޣһ
䡭
ҶƿףһĻħͷǹǣѶѪ֮дڹ˸ȴҶѹȥ
ħ䣬ǴʱҶȴûע⵽һ㣬ǲȥ⣬ļµĲ
ز²·һһ޴һ㡣
֮ϣĿԿǳڱһǿԼȥһַǱѰ޷Ŀֲǻˡ
ħշˮԶպ
͵ŭһͷϵֻǶѣ漴Ļ˾޴ͨ͵һ񱩵
ԭʵڴĳ̶ϣȻûеʥħǿߵǿͿֲȴҲСʱԼǣƸ磬˲ƿգԲķΧ·صİһȭ漴̤գٵʧ
¡¡
һ㣬ǺӶһĲš
սħһѸٵնɱһǿߣ漴Ҳպʹصı仯
û˰ɣ
ҶֵӸѪһöҩⵤҩƷͣǴϵõġ
ž
ѪֵĽԼ׽˼֮漴ĳһƬĳ֮ɫǷһ飡Ҷû˵ֻ˫ĿĿա
ÿµϢһֹǿϢ
˵̬ԵĲԴ֮ģǴӱĴԪ֮дݳģ˵Ĳ˵Ϣһ֣ǿƥҴӱĴԪֵĿֲȻ쵽ʵޱȿ°
Ҷĵ˵ͷ֪ΪʲôоϢޱȵĿֲһǿҵвһֳ嶯Ҫȥһ£ˡ
еĵزħӶսħȵͬȥ
һ𣡡
ţħŴʮ˵
ʥħҲ˵̬ȻҪҶı
ߡ
ʱϢԽǿȻ޷֮˺ȴҲвСƻģֻѪҲԱ֤İο˶Ѫ˵˼֮Ҷ㽫ѩұİȫ
նҶƿһԦʼ
ϡ
ǿ֮ϵĴݳɲȻΪ˾޴ײɵġ
ǲͬģٵĻڳֶԸҶʱҶʩչ㹻ֿסĳ֣ǿķεȵľˣ⡮ϡȴԵĲ򵥣һҪƷ̬
ǣŰ˲ͼ֮У
ҶͻȻȵ
ǰδеࡣ
ô£
ҹʮ̲סʵ
ȥ
Ҷüͷĸӱ
ϻٶ˵оΣǿΣһǰδеļ£ǰǿĶ֣Ҷ춼û¶˵Ͼ顣
һս𣿡սħеĵزħȵ
ôˣţүү¹˭ţħЦ˵
һ˫֮ȴ˿˿ļᶨ˿ĲҶļᶨ
زطӡʱ֮У»ˣʵ־ϵ»սǸܹ
ʥħĺȵ
ռ򣡡
Ҷ͵ʩչԼ¶һĨǿҵ𶯣˲Ľе
䡭
޴Ȼĳ֣һ˲ץסһ̻Ƭ
ǿʼ
Ҷ˫Ŀâ¶˾ɫռ򣬴ʱֻв׵ķռ䣬ղԼĿռ˼£»˲䣬е˶һ㱻ġ
¡¡
貵Ĺâڲϵͷţһǰδеǿ󲨶ֲޱߡ
ϵ߶£٣ǵأ֮޲ʼڡ
һŴԪ򣡡
Ҷ֮˸
ǶôֲղŵһԪ֮ͷųǾֻͷŶѣȴﵽ˵ĵزжôĿֲ
ֶܹεģֻһֿܡ
˫Ŀ޷ŵ¶˾ɫ
༶
ֻв༶ǿ߲Ż˾
Ҷ˫ĿȻһϵâ漴Ͽʼ١
սħ˵Ҳı飬ǸоһǿҵΣУΪΣвŵǶǰһԽĽ䱸
Ԫ
һž޴ĴԪ򣬱ҶκεһŴԪҪ޴󣬶ҪֲԪҪŨ
ǰ֮Ƚ϶Ҫ˲һĵز
ڶһ޴ƿʼ֡
һֻŰ׵ĳȣٲȻһһ㣬£˾޴̫ɽһ㣬ǵصļӳֲϵͷš
¡¡
񷿪ʼѵؿʼѵǳǿò׹
һĳб˲ѣ˷ĩޡ
Ҷˣ޲һǺεǿ
䡭
ٴεһ޴춯ĴԪ飬һĵıһصɵ
ǷĲҽ
£ǿʼ֣ͼֿ̫ž۷ǿߣ벽ǿߣĴǿߣĳ֡
ȴ޲Ǳǿеѹǿ֮ҲǿԺͶԷ໥ӳָʮеĳ̶ȶѡ

һλͷ׷ŭ˫ĿɵùԲ·Ѫһ㣬֮ϣһӡʩչ޾ǳĲͷţԹĺ𣺡ΪʲôΪʲô
ӣҵĺӣһ˱ŻѾѹΪʬ壬ĺš
ش٣ᱲɱ
һսʿǣ£Ԧսڣ˻ϡ
ߡһȺϣҺԿ𣿡һ·ذ֣֮дһֽУһֽﵱһ̬·ؼһжǵƿ֮С

սʿǣһָѹѪɽ
༶ǲ༶ǿ𣿡սħ૵ĵ
񿪣һ𣡡ҶĲ
ĿֲҲֻǲ༶ǿʩչģ˵ʥ˼ǿ֣߳жôĿֲ
Ҷ޷󵽣Ҳȥ
½½Ǻεȵǿ󣬺εȵͣȴһδεı˸ˣеԭҲ𣿱༶ǿ߸𣿺ڰˣֻ˵һССѣΪʲôҸоеԲֻأʮһԪˣѼ껹ǲɱʮ㹻ˡس֣ԭҶ仰֮ȴһľһֿµŭͷ˳
ԪҲջΪľ޴󰡡
һ֮˾Ȼֻһ


1945 飡ޣ
ǲ𣿡
սħ˫ĿâϵķţٲȻҪֵ̬ǿ۸ߣⱾؼһְԵķ
ǾˣȴҲʵ̫ˡ
زʣΪϣԷֶΣΪϰ
ޣ
Ʒ̲סȭͷ
ţħĿһһۣһ̺ߵһĳ鴤

һɺ嫵ͻȻһţһ̣ĴԪ˲ķѣ޾֮ĴԹпᡢŭ䡢Թޡŭ⡭
֯һĴԪʱ׵γһƬ򣬵Ĺ⻪˸
ߡһ
Ҷһ
ԷȥĻ˵֮ҲΪԷĴڣѪػҲһ
ǣ
ҶͻȻһ
ʱĸоˣƺڳɳ
һĺɫѸٵķĳ֣ģĴԪ֮УһǿԹ˲˸ɾ
𡭡
һϵѸٵĳ֡
һĵħ
ڷṵ̆Եͼ֮С
Ǵʱȴû̫ȥȥ
ҶоԼʱĿԽЩ˲ѹۣĵƿߣЩһֻԼܹԦ
䡭
ҶٵļԦųӣ͵׷Ѱ˳ȥ
ʱȫҪսħ˵ı⣬ֱӵĽӵŰ˲ͼ֮У̫Σգһеһж̫Σˡ
һޱĴԪһſŵޱȵҫΧУ·һſŵһ㣬ķΧŰİٱǧ򱶣
ŨԪԴﵽʵʡ
һεԪݻһĺ
֮Уһ˽ڷţϢֱһų޾Ķ츣ذ
еĻٶϻӵѸ͵ġ
ǴʱĶԪȴĲǵϴžɫ֮ϣһƬޣƺһжûг֡
һֿµѹֺļµϢȴݵ൱ԣʱĶԸоһֿµĲݻ
ɱһĴԪֲֶΣѾڶݵʱ֮д˻ġ
䡭
Ȼһֻֿٵʩչ
һ̣زɽѣ޾鿪ʼİ֮ȻѾоԼˡ
һ־ɱһ浹ľɱκε˶޷ȥֿǿֶΡ
Ũ꣬ÿµ갡һ˵Ц˳
ʦ𡭡һ걧һ屻Ѱأ˫ĿùԲʬĺ
죬۰㵹۰
һ׳һֱֻۺ˫ȱѣĻﱧһ˫ĿյŮӣʱŮϣѾû˺
Ӳ棬εȵ
ΪʲôΪʲôΪʲôҪӣΪʲô
ŭޱߵķŭſµԹһֶĲ

ΪϣΪϣ
пķ򣬰Եķ򣬵ȴȷķ
֮ϣӰ̤㣬ϴŵΪϵۣϴ˿˿飬еһü֮һɫĹ⻪˸
ߵģƺڱڸһ㣬޷Էģ޷䣬Ϣȴ·Ǳȫһ㣬ûа취ȥǵʵ
ÿɱһ૵һ˵ﴫ
һ䡣
Ϊϣǿ߸ǿ߸߾͵ΪǿؼͶµĹ򣬿ɱ𣿡
һ˲мЦ
꣬Ҫ꣬ӲſΪɿһǸϺеֶʵǹµģһ˵֮д˿˿Թ
ȷʵµĺܣΣһڱ𽥵Ĵ򿪣ֻҪǴ֮ǵ˾Ϳµĳ֣Ԫ֮սһսһԪ֪һεĴս֮Ƿʸʶɽӣ
Ԫ֮ս
໥Ľ֮дһǿҵڴ
Ц쳾磬һζѣɱ¾Σֻϣ
شݳ
ߵϢȻһɱ
ɱ¾ϵɱ¾޾ɱ¾Ȩǿɱ¾ֶκٶʵֲ̫ˣ֮޲Ѫɱ

ޣĳ֣ǲ𣿡
һеļλϵĻʯǿȻĳ֣ÿһλﵽ˴۷ľ磬ǵƽտ죬һŹϵĴԪ֮УȻĻǿޡ
ת˲֮䣬ǵȴһ˲𣬻촷ۣ걻ɡ
غƽ٣غƽٰү㣬㰡ȾǣȾǣ˭Ⱦǣ䡭
ֻ߸ӵɱȻı
ۡ
Ѫٴεĳ֣صǽ塣
ĿϵĴݳ
ڴģ˭ֶôǿҷҪɱǣһ˷ŭԹ֮ϵİѩӵĿҡ
ᱲģҪնɱǣ
֣ŲԹŲʣ
ֱ죡
ɱɱɱ
ɱ죬񷶼Ĵ֮
ֲֿɱ¾֮ߵǿҪΪ֮ݣ
Ѱ
һ۵ֻͯһѪĺͯҡҡλεĶһ΢΢Ŀš
һٸ塣
ԷϱѪմȾǰһƬİ׹ǺͿֲģѪ⣬ڲѣûа취ٴεĴ
Է˫Ŀ⺢ͯ¶޷ڸǵ
ȴεɫ
΢΢һͼⲻСŮڻһ̣ȴֻͣ˶Էϣ˲们

ͬ˲һ㡣
Ʈѩ
֡
һֿµı仯
·ΪЩǿƺΪߵֶζŭ
СΪ֮ݣһŭ֮ݵ֮ϣԪ
ߣ΢˭ܹǣ
һһ˫ֻӶʱһ޴ľ߶£ǿĺ̴ͯȥ
͡
ǹ趯̤ѩ췭ظֱϾ죡
ǹ趯ɢ޾Ĺ⻪ƺ𶯵ĸӿֲ
䡭
ǳǹȻݺݵײ˶Էһ
䡭
ҵı׵Ű֮ϰѩƺ
һӰس֮ϣ
ס˳ǹһͷѩɫĳ趯Ӱһƺӡʱĳϣ
һ˰ȻվӰȴսһ㣬֮ϣ֮£ȴһ޷ڸǵİԵ̬
һ˶Կصǿߣ
䡭
ҵŰţ׵裬趯ͬһ㣬ɫĹ⻪˷һɫһеһжĿ
ˡ
ǹչ
Է˫Ŀ֮дɺ죬˫Ŀǰǿߣ
䡱
ٴεһ׵޾Ĳ


1946 
ټĴԪ֮Уǿǣǣ̧ԼԴգ
׷趯ţԴһ˿۵Եøͻأ
סǹȴޱȵļᶨ
˭𣿡һսǿߡ
һ֮ȡȵݶ飬޷
֮ڲڷĲ
Ҷ˫Ŀƣؿǰߣޱ飬ɺ˸еѩǹϵķ貵Ĺ⻪һ㡣
һִƣ޾Ĵƣ
ҶԼһԵǿߣÿһǲ༶ǿߣʵͨ죬ԼսһˣĿܣߣȻûпܱƴĹ֮ܣ
Ҷ֣׼ĵߡ
֮ǿ߿۸ߣǲܹһ֮䣬Ȼɱ¾޾ĴԪǿߣֶѾ˿ӵеġ
Ϊ˽񷣬ֻӶնɱķɱ¾Ӳκεһ˿ȥܵģҲó֣
СȻҲͼս
һЦ˵ȻݣȴҲɴ֮пĳʱĶԷһǿҵӣһֲмһŰ̬
һ˫ĿƣϢ£˸ڲϵ˿˿â
ǿµư־൱ǿǵһݵȴãȫǵĶ֣ڵ㣬ֻϣٸϰ꣬Ҳʸս
һ˻Ц֮иûжҶ˿ļɵ
Ƿʸ񡭡ս˲֪Ҷһؿ˵
˫Ŀ˿˿âռ֮Ƽӳ֣Եʥ塢ѹƵ˼ޡ
ʱҪƴˡ
ߣһ֪СϾϣ죬أͽʲôô
мٴεĴ
룡
Ҷﴫ
ˡ
ѩǹˣ
Ҷ춯ˣ
ӰȻһ֮Ӧǿޣǿǲ༶ǿ߰
ʵ̫ˣ޷ţо˼飬ȴһľ͸мҶһ˶սȫΪǡ

ĺȵ
Ѹٵĳ֣еһݻ˲񷣬Ǭ˲ڣޱߵʼŤת
¡¡
޴ʹ˴ݳе޲סԼĺ֮еһУ֮дſµĴ̬
˲䣬ǿֲϢѾյϲ㱩пʼɣÿһжŷǱѰɱǿ˵ɫʼò
ǾմﵽɣȴɿԸо𺳵ϢڷĲš
͡Ҷѩǹһâһ޷ڸǵâΧεķڣεȥεݻȴҲ޷ڸסһâĹԡ
̫ʱڱ׷ĵһʥһ㣬˼䣬񷡣
죡
ٶȱâҪ٣
䡭
ߵײֲ֣ײ֮£ѸٵĿʼ˳ȥһĲƷݻţĽһжݻģⲻݻģˣǱΪ˲ƣΪŤĺۼ
¡¡
ٴεı֣ҶͶԷٴεķֿ
͡
ҶĽĦգȻһ̶ĦеѩǹȻڲȻѪסǹȴڴʱøӵĿֲˡ
ôܣ޷ŵĿֵͬ飬ٴεĿһҶ죬ע·Ҫ˳׵Ŀһ㡣
СȻԵֿסԼͬһУεĿܣ찡ֱ찡
Ǵ˵֮еǿߣΪ༶ǿߣһƿѲصĴڣҶ쾹ȻԵֿסǵĳ֣Ƶļӳֻüǿ
ҶаԵĿЦ
湻ˣû뵽ĴԪ֮оȻԳ˵ǿߣһССĴСҲ˵ֶΣСǡ֮˵˵
´ζȻĲôõˡ

ǵģڶԷһССˡ

ĺȵ
Уһ޴ӡǿʼ֣ǲ֮ϣޱߵƲ㱻һƿݻֵľ޴â¶涼ڷ·Ҫһжһ㣬ӡݻΪһޱĳС
ϣ
ƻӶһסⳤУݺݵسҶȥ
ն
дﵽ׵ĳȣ˺Ѳһ㣬Х£Ҷ¹ȥ
޴ĳУǷĲͿµĹ⻪޲˵ŶԷľ˺Ϳֲһ֮£˲ıѾһС
Ҷ¶˿˿ļɵ˫ĿӶѩǹһ㣬ѸٵĿʼ֣ǳȻûеԼǰȴҲѾҶоֲϢͷĲѾХˡ
𣡡
Ҷȵ
ȻһѹõĲʥͷų
¡¡
޴ȭӡķŭͷ񣬳ŶԷȻıŷ
ǹϵϢһȻϢ㹻ǳ
ĺ
䡭
߾Ȼ˫Ŀ¶̰ɫĳˡ
໥Χƣγ˰Χ̬޳ܵļһﾹȻҪѡһΧ
֮£ǿ߿𣬿µԹʼγɣһϵıߺ
ԸԸҶܹʤ
ϣ
ƻ裡ֻأ
֣֮֮
Ҷȭ󿪴ϣÿһȭϢڵӰ޲ʼͷ˳Ǿ޴ȭӡأһſŵǳڱǿԿĺⷽԲķΧ֮УһжʼѸٵı
սεȵңεȵľ˺Ϳֲ
䡭
ĻӶںϳޱȾˣȻδʩչȫߵںȴҲһֳ׵ơ
ƣһǧӳ֣
Ҷ˫Ŀ˿ֲâ˫磬絶罣
ޱߣƲɵ
𡭡

̫ӡǷݻʥӤȸ׻䡢࣬ŭš
򣡡
ͷޱ
ռ򣡡
Ҷĵ֮һ
һֻ޴Ŀռ֮ſޱȲϢȻĶ
ǴŴ֮ȭӡ˷
䣡
ײһ𣬾޴ײ֮ⷽԲķΧ޲ĥѣ·һ޴ĺХһ㣬ǵصݻ
¡¡
Ҷ屻һɴķɿˣһڿڵѪ
ͬһ̫ɽһ㣬ÿһձᷢһ
Ƶ̬޷ڸǡ
ߡС֣ߣ
༶ǿŭһߣ߷ŭ
ղŵǳ֣ϵĳ֣ȻûнҶκεˣǲûнҶɱֻǻˣǺεȵ裬ǿǲǿ߰
СӣǸʱ䣬Ҫˣ
һ˵Ӱڱ仯Ҳڻɢ¶ԭҫһŲ԰׵ȴ
ʱ䣬ֻһĸǿֻһֶΣ
Ҷ˫ͷޱߵܣؿ˵


1947 ؼ
Ѫϴ˿˿⣬Ҷ˫Ŀ̹ǣ༶ǿ߶һķ

໥һۣĴЦ
ЦĺǿţЦĺ棬ǴޱߵĳζȻҶĻǸоΪ˼
ߵģʱѾ͹˳
ϵ׵ɢ
һɫ԰ף׵ķ·һ㣬һ˳趯ŻĹ⻪һһ׺ɫۣ䡣
ߣС뷨
ɫ԰֮˲м˵
ܹʩչ˵ֶΣΪľȣСӣҵǺܺ棬ĵʲôѧ
ǿ߻ؿ˵
ȷʵܹ죬ѧȻԺǶԿһαһǿѵ˵ӵз򣿶һΪصļַ֮һ˵仰ǺӣʱĶԷ˫ĿѾʼ
ǵ˵ķһǿҲУ̰Ĺ⻪ѾǵϳˣȻ߶ҶѾմȾ֮ġ
ȷе˵ǶҶķʼĶˡ
֮
ҶǿҪԭ֮һʮƵļӳ֣ʱѾﵽһʮεĵزֻҪҶŬһǧ߰ٱļӳ־Ի᲻
֮˸ҶԿĳߵʵڲ༶ĳ׶Ρ
༶һ˵ĵȼʹ첻һûķָֻн׼Ĳࡣ
Ϊ½סн׺ϽףΪµĻһڣǾ༶
һŭʧɫݽߣ
ߵʵȻֻ½ףһ½ĴڣǶԸҶȴѾ㹻ˡ
˵ǷĻҪ˵óȥ㹻Ļȡ޵ĺôġ
ڵķѾԽԽˣٵĶȺϹУҪӵб춼ѣЩĴԪ֮ӵŹϵķ򣬵Ҳֻǵһ˵ѣȴû뵽ȻĴš
췢һ˷ܵ˵
ǵõĻǾͷˣ
Ҷ˫Ŀ˿˿âؿߣʱ༶ǿѾԽ˷ٲȻǽҶ쵱˻һƷһ
ҸղʩչﵽһٶƵľ磬Ǿ͸ղʩչߵʵʩչһʮƵĵزҲδؿԻɱκεһˣʩչֶˡ
ɱ
ߵٴεת֣һޱȼᶨͿֲɱ⣡
ȻѾޱߵɱ¾֮ģҪҶնɱȡķ
ɱ
ɭȻ񷡣
䡭
Ǻӵת죬Ǻƾնһɢޱ߹⻪ʼʩչ˳
ʱʮԪǿ޲ʼע⵽
Ҷǰˣûһӳȥġ
׷ѪͫҶ죡ǿߣҶ죡
һͻȻĴ
Ҷ죡ǵģҶ죡
ףһҪʤ
䡭
սٴεĳ֣һεսӵĿֲ񷶼Ҫķ顣
Ҷ屻ĻУ߹Ƕ¶ѪˮǺεȵľˣҲһѪ⡣
Ǻ췢ϵѪ⡣

Ҷ죬Ǻ췢ӵ¶ɫ
ҶǺεȵǿ󣬸ղŵһץĽһƬѪץ顣
䣡

Ľ֣
ݻӰ
ʱĵâϵݻ漴ǿĳѾΧһжʼ׵ѵˡ
ۡ
ҶһѪϵļⶼڳ鴤ֱ۴ʱܶĵطѾʼֳɭȻǡ
ϢѪڲϵıŷ
͡
һ֣һ貵񽣣˪񽣣һ̣ȭӡȴ˲ΧĽǿеĻ˪񽣡
ꡭ
֮֡
ȭӡıȻһȭͷѪѻɵȭͷ
Ҷȭ
ֱֲһ˵˪񽣡
˫Ŀɺ죬ҶĿ֮ˡ
͡
󴫳һ̴֮
Ǻ췢֮гһĳìì룬˲ĽҶ׵Ĵ̴

쵰ûһߵϣ鰡
֮£ԽԽǿ߿ʼŭǵʵ޷ȥ˵սǰľҪȥսû취ȥʩչԼ޷֣ҡ
ԣ
һ༶ǿͻȻľ

һݳʱֻҶ徹Ȼ˲ͣӨ貵Ĺ⻪˸
һĹ⻪䣬˲һֲ籩ʼγˡ

һ
ĺ
ʵޱȵǿᣬǿֲı֮Уȴɵ
ˣ
ʮ֮⣬һӰϴ˿˿Ĺ⻪Ĺ⻪ϵȼΧһУޱߵϢʼ·һ󣬸һ֮
ǲҶ컹˭
ղŵҶʩչԼȴ˲ʩչ˿ռ֮ʮ֮ĵط
ϴʱڣݺύ˺ۡ
Щ˺۲ϵžӨѪǺεȵľˣĿģ
ҵ޷вȫûа취ʩչһǧ߰ٱļӳֵĵزȴҲǽ谭һѣҪƿҵľﵽİ죬ǰſԣ
ҶȴҲ֪ȫǲܵġ
Ҷȴһɱﵡ
˫ѸٵĽӡڵʼԽԽʼ

ҶڵҪʩչԼΪǿؼȭ޷ҶԱȣҶĸתǿȫ
ÿһεĴҶ춼ԴؼڣҶ켳ȡľ֮Ҫˮľؼ
䡭
һʱ䣬֮ϣڣ
ֲֿϢʱľޱ䡣
һĪؼնɱ
ʱ༶ǿǣѾ׵ķŭˣղŵȻûʩչԼǿѧȴҲˡ
û뵽ǾȻǰҶڵ˾ᣬֻھᣬǱ
ֺͷŭ޷ڸǵı
ɱ
Ѫɱ֮Ǻӣÿһ֣ԺһƬɽӡ
ؼҶʩչؼһĻٲһϵǿͻȻĺȵ

һ༶ǿ͵ĴһƣһȻȥƵȴޱߵΪ֮
Ҷ˫Ŀ΢΢ڸĲǶԷȻᣬۿľѾʮ׵ľˡ
ۡ
һӰ͵ĳ֣һƶ֮վ
ȻǸղŵϵǿߣ
뷢ףϴʹɫǿľֱӵѵˡ
һ˫֮ȴ޲Ǽᶨɫ
ϡҲͼסǣ
༶ǿɫȻĿʼѿ
ϣȴҲȻĲǾôȥģҹ֮壬ǷǣҲȻĲܹǹȥ


1948 籩֮ŭ
飡
ߵǿеǰ̤㣬ƺǶڲ
һ㼶ǿߣȴΪܣֿŶԷĳ֣
ҿֿܹУ
Ǻĺȵ
ٴεĻһ漴ѹȥ
顭
һʮӰ͵ĳ֡
ʮλǿߣǵǿᣬѪ죬ûһλǿߣڵȴվҶǰ棬һһܣ
Ҳ
һ껺طԼеѾˣĺȵ
Ѫ⣬첻ܣΪҶȡʱ䣬ΪǵѪȡʱ䣡
һǿߣĺ
һǿ֣߳ߴ㣬߰벽㣬߻ʯĴڣΪԼѪΪܹôԪܳõĴڣǱҪס
үү㲻
һСŮĿ
һݿݵߴ˿˿ĴȰЦ⿴˫Ŀ֮дŲڸǵ
úõĻȥ
͡
廯һ㣬ٵĿ񱼡
һ˸ϵؿʼ֮г֡
ܣ
Ѫѻ׹ɽ
꣡־
һƺѾ׵ĵȼˡ
һѪѻγبųһ㣬ЩˣǹϵĻʯǿߣʵ΢СѾ۷֮
ᣬìܺɱ¾ʱƺѾһĲֵڵǿҪģֻȫվһγһѪ֮ܣ
ϣģȺϾȻôɱ
༶ǿ¶˷ŭɫʵ̫ɺˣȺ˾Ȼɱ¾ôãһڲ֪ڵֿš
ϣŷϣǿǶһҪΪҶȡʱ䣬ȻҶ첻֪ڴεȾ캧صȴԸоֲֿϢ
εģԪܹöԷӻٵһִУǵѪܹٵ
ݻ˼£Ȼ޷סǵȴǵޱǿʱԵĽܵЧǿ֡
͡
ҡҪסȻҶ󲿷ֶȥǲҵȴǿڲڷŭ
˫ȴϵĻţÿһεĻ裬ڵڼ֣ڲϵݻ
ؼȻǿ󣬵ÿһεݻҪʱ䣬ҪĪʱȥȥƿأʱҶţһݻ۷塣
أҶ쿪ʼϵĳӯһ޴ĻԽǲ׳
ʱĲ˫ֽӡҶݻڲϵš
һӰŭڵʼ׳
ˮ֮֮֮ľ֮һڡ
˫ֻۣƳһ̫ĺۼ
һĲ֮ıŷţȻûȫıǵϢѾ㹻ļˡ
ʲô췢ӵɫһı仯оĿֲ̲֮סĽ
Ե⵽Ǵʲôɫ԰׵ǿ˫Ŀ˿˿â·Ķͫһֲ
ž
Ҷ֮۲ϵͷɵĹ⻪ݻľ޴ȫƿأڵȻڷڣǸӿµȴƺڲܿƵı
֮ľˮⱾҪγһģȴȱ֮޷γһ壬ԭԻԵǿѹȥǿеƿأ֮ѹȴʼˡ
Ҷҧгݵ
ڱҶ񲻶ϵĲţһСƱػ˶군ġ
֮ԣ֮Դ֮ΪȫĿѹ̫֮ӡݻ
зŭţ¶˿˿ɷϵĿʼŷһҵĺۼЩۼٴεıŷ͹Գ޾Ĺ⻪
ã̫ˣܹݻȥ
ǺǿͻȻ˫Ŀ˿˿âĺȵ

ȻҲһ㣬ʱѻ֮ϵѾﵽǧڵĶѻһγһѪɫĳӣѪʣ׹ǲϵ֮£е̲סĶʼ
һУ޷ƿأ
ǵ޷ͶԷγɶԿӵûа취ȥıһС
ҹһȺϣΪӾͿԵס𣿡
һ͵ŭһ֮ϱޱȵĲ֮
༶ǿߣϳѰ̫̫ˣ϶ޱȿֲġ
䡭
һֻ֣ϵĲ漴ɱϢѸٵıγ˿֣֮͵ĳܳȥ
λκޣΪǵѪΪǵˣҲҪס
һĺ
λκޣ
ŭ쳹
䡭
׹ǿ裬Ѫ⻯޾ĿһľԪĴ˳Ѹٵȥ

顭
֣߳Ǵʱʢŭ֮£˲ıѾƿһȺܵķֱȡҶ壡

ǿŭǲĵź
͡
޴֣֮ѸٵĳҶѹȥֻҪǽҶ쳹׵ѹһж᳹׵ɢ
ҲҶϵõԼҪһС
Ͼϰͼ죬ضԿ
ĴЦ֮˳
ţǰԵǶĮӡ
䡭
һĹâȻĴҶϱ
һǿ⣬ֳɫÿһֶɢΪԴϡ
˫ĿһӵӡǿʼҶ˫֮仺ؾۼš
ǡˣ
һĨ⡣
ſɲɱ⣬Ȼı
ɹˣˣ޲㵵ĿһУ˫Ŀض֮ϵӰΨһһλˡ
װŪѹ㣡һŭȵ
ڣݻıӣѸٵޱ߱˪ìѸٵĳҶӿȥ
ɱ¾ԳӵǿͿ޼ɵȥʩչǵΪԼ˲𣿡
Ҷ֮дһеϢ
ߣС̫ˡ
ƻӶǺǿȻſָĶΧܾȻ˲ıǿеѣѪɫĳȥ
ӹű˪ìʼϮ
䡭
Ҷһ޴ĺ֡
һȻһ㣬׵ڷתѩ׷ף衣
һɻصϢٵγɡ
оɿֲѹ༶ǿߵɫȻһ䣬ϵĺë̲סĳźȥ
籩֮ŭ
쳹񷡭


1949 ֮
ֲѸٵķַڵޱȵĿ񱩣·Ҫ񷶼˺ѵһ㣬ޱߵľâıһյĿռϵţ֮޲˲仯촷ۡ
ֿ񱩵ݻĿֲ˷ԲķΧֲ֮£һſŵǳ˲ʧԭĹâ
Ǳɿ񱩵ɵԭ
ޣ
׻ȸ䣡
ֲŭ໥ںϲ䣬ŻһеϢѸٵĳߵϿʼȥ
Ʋ裬ڣɽ緢֮
޲̲סĹ˵ϣͻ֮ݻͱ
̫ʱڣصĳƺŭͱ

ϵĻ
һĴﵽ״ֶȵķ籩ͬһبʱڱڵħһ㣬񷸲ȥ
һ˼ԦǺӣ籩ģΧڷŭţ׷ƮǺ˸
ޱǿϢ༶ǿ
Ǵ޷ŵɫҶһУʵֲ̫ˣҲ޷ġ
Ҳܵ޷Ƶв
ܰ
ĺ
ǴʱҶȴλܵ
ֱӵ˲񷣬Ѹٵߡ
ǿֲ·صһ㣬籩֮ɳʯһſŵֱӱ飬Ϊޡ

ǿߵ﷢ŭһǵҲʼѪ
һ籩ڲи޷ƵĿֲͷâ
ֲ춯صϵıߵ޷ҶԿ
籩֮ŭ
ҶΪǿһоѧе޷󵽵ĿֲҶҲ޷ежô˵
ǡˣ
˫ĿâԦŲҶʩչͨϵıš
䡭
һ춯صıٴεĳ֣ߵʱѾи˼£֮Ϊ֫ҲΪ
Ļ쵰ȻһСȵزҲҪһ𣡡
Ǻǿĺ
顭
ٴεһڵޱߵҫ⻪˸ǿ֮Уһҫһְ׳⻪˵˫Ŀ̲ס
⻪ʱڰӵĵزе̲ס˫ĿǾȥ֪ΧһȴҲֻܹ֮ϳֵһڵİ׳⻪
֮󣬵еԼ˫Ŀ˲䣬ʱıǰһг׵ľˡ
֮ϣһ޴лţ籩ǿѾ𽥵ʧˡ
Ҷأ
һͻȻе
ʱе˲ŷ֣֮ϣһȻʧҶӰȴûг֡
ղŵǿҲˡ
ǿ̲סĿգһֲԤпʼ˳
𣿡
š
˵ɫʼѿ
Ҷһ֮ǿеľôǿߣʮԪǿߣôǿ߱һǵҶȴʧˡ
һֶôпĽ֡
ҡһҪҵ
һ˿ں
һǿߣԷĻ֮дĪš
ǵģգһҵҶˣ
һ֮Ȼҵֿס༶ǿߣǺεȵҫεȵǡ
һգ
գ
ʮգ
꣡
ѰҵĹڲϼţʱȴû˿ĽҶʬƺ˾ӳ׵ʧһ㡣
Ȼٵǿ߷Ѿ˼ȥѰңȴûһ˿һѶϢ֡
ҶȴѾ˲䴫˷ҶĴ˵ҲʼԽԽࡣ
˵ҶʵǴﵽһߵĲΣڿޣҲ˵Ҷˣǲ༶ǿʩչɱУͬھˡ
һֵĳ֣ҶȴɳΪһ棬һδ˵
ȿȿȡ
һʹĿ֡
ããĺڰ֮УԵøͻأ
һƬڰ磬ǺɫаϢĲޱߵľףΧԵøĿֲ
һҶʹĿȴҲ׵Ĵ㾲ס
Ҷ˫Ŀ
һľʹȻĳ֡
һֿɲľʹ·Լ˵ϣʱѾһǿҵĲȴΧסǿҵʹ࣬һҪĳ嶯
ʵ̫Ŀֲˡ
ÿһļÿһĹǷ·Լÿһëʹధš
ĺڰش˹Ҷ˫Ŀ΢΢һ΢΢ʩչ漴һص
ΧһȻڣҶȴǿԿġ
˶ˣ
Ҷ̲סĿЦ
꣡
һ˷ŭ˳
֮дһϲõĲȴԷѹ
Ƕսħġ
СѹˣǻΪҪء
ҹʮ˷ܵĽе
õĹҵˣȻţүүͰ̵
ţħߺߵ˵
ȻҶԭһȺһ൱Ĳ
ٺٺ١
ҶٺһЦ⼸һĳȻǽţһֹУĹС
û뵽һλԾȻﵽ˰ʱ䣬ΪȫһָǻΪء
սħû˵
Ҷص˵ͷϵʵ̫ˣһ༶ǿ߲ԱʵĿֲޱȣˣȴҲûпסΪڵһʱͶ˵Լʣµ༶ǿߴ˵֮УԼûа취ôɣʱҪ˵ǰǰҲǺѵġ
༶ǿߣߡ
Ҷ΢΢һߣ漴ʩչͨһѸٵĴΧΧ˹뵽֮С
ľɢޱߵ֮ҶһۿɱٶѸٵĻָš
Լʱ֮ҶڽԼϵƻָĳҡ
ϵĴ󲿷ֵҪȫĻָȴǵҪһʱĻ۵ġ
͡
΢΢һ漴ҶǰӰѾٵĳǰ
㡭㾹Ȼû
Ӱĳ֣ѸٵĿҶĴڡ
ǵ֮дԹĹâеһɫ԰ף䣬һǺ췢ǿߡ
߱Ҷ˵֮УҲһ١
ǶΪʲôҪ
ҶЦ˵
ҲãȻ㲻ĻǾǽ
췢ǿЦźȵ
ʱڵ֮Уһֱһصɣڸոյĳ֣Ȼɱء
䡭
һֲ̫ħɽѸٵĽǿߵʥѹȥ
һ̫ħɽɢޱߵħһԩۼġ
⡭ԩ꣬һ֣Ȼôࣿ
ǿ޷ŵĽеϴŷǱѰľ㵺̰֮ɫ
ߡ
Ҷĺһʱһɴٴεļӳ֣ޱߵݺݵѹȥǿ߱ѹƵ˵£Դ˴֮С


1950 ɣ
㡭
ߵ¶Թɫ̲סĺ

ߵٴεıѹȥ
ʲôΪʲôǵƿϢ̹ǣΪħ
췢ǿߴؽе
¶޷ŵɫƺǲ²⵽ʲôȴƺǲš
ҶЦſߵ˵
һȷʵǸط

ܣ
ߴĺ
ǲ༶ǿߣóģ˽⵽ģƺڸ߲εĴԪ֮УΪʲô
Ҷûлشߵ⣬Ŀǣؿ˵
Ҳȥ֪ĶõĲҪ
ݲ԰׵˵
𣿡
Ҷĵ˵ͷ
꣬ˣȻ˵ķ
Ʒ˿ٵĴŰ˲ͼ֮г˳
ǶսħŵزħɫƵĳ˹ȥ
㡭ǴʲôҪ
ƷӶŹȨȣһĽе
ǾǽСҲã

һһŭʱڵĵõͷţǿֲӶȥʵʹ಻
˵ɣ
Ҷ˻ֹ֣˼˵ıУٴεĿʵ
С㾹Ȼв༶ǿߣͲ⵽ǵı𣿡
ĺ
ƺǲҪܽˡ
ҶȻ˵
˵˵Ļ뿪𣿡
͡
һѸٵɣٵľ漴ĻĹԣ͵Ľǵ
㡭ʲô
ʱоһ˿ԤУĽе
ûôʱϹ
Ҷ̲סĳһ뵽ߵıУ뵽ǴԪȥ飬ΨһһҲ׵ʧˡ
䡭
һǿҵ֮ѸٵĿʼ֡

ܵˣҴʱǳڵ֮УΪ۵ҶȴԼǣֻҪǽˣĵơ
䡭
һѸٵĹעҶ֮С
ǿϵ̲Ҷ˵ĵط
ž
༶ǿ֮ǿ󣬲ֻΪǵԹͨ񷣬ΪǵߵȣڱӸ߲ε
֮ţϵĴĽ
ҵڷɿ༶ǿߵ൱мֵǵ֮ҸӵĿԼһ
Ҷ˫Ŀɺâ
漴ٴƿصεԵǵһаᡣ
ʵϣҶȻΪۣȴҲȻôǿģκΣ߱Ͻ˵֮ǰѾܵˣʱ֮ܵѹƣûлָԽ
㣬ŵҶǰʧȥƿأߵȫʢʱڣҶ»κβǵġ
ϡ
ϵĶһٵıҶɵ
һϢʼ˳
ҶɫҲʼ˲١
ߵȷʵµĲ༶ǿߣǲ༶½׵ǿߡ
ԭǱһµǿ׷ɱ֮ܵ༶ǿһ֮󣬾Ҫȥ޲Ϊǿ;ˣ߲ŻһѪȷ硣
Ԫ֮սÿʮԪͻһֲս𣿡
˹ڼԪ֮սϢ֮Ҷɫ̲ס΢΢һ
Ԫ֮սôƺǺԼõϢЩƣʥ˼ǿߣÿһʱҲһΣΪıȥӶľԪһеꡢꡣ
ѵ˵Ԫ֮սѵĿʼһ飿
üͷ΢΢һҶ컺˼
ʱ˫Ŀϵķ˿˿âϢʵֲ̫ˡ
ߵļ֮УҶ컹ҵ˺ܶõϢ
༶ǿԴΪԽǿҲԽá
Ҷ˫Ŀ˿˿âϵ˼ߡ
СǾԱ꣬Ҳġ
༶ǿߵѾ׵ڵˣ껹ţʱԹޱȵĿҶ죬޲ýҶȥ
С㲻ú
ŭһ漴һͣȻ͵ı貵Ĺ⻪˲ɢˡ

Ҷû뵽һﻹֶΣȫû뵽˵ȵǳ׵ɢ֮ҶŷӦ
ûиı䣬ϵϢȴѾ׵ʧˡ

Ҷ˫Ŀ˿˿âõϢֻ֪࣬ⲻ༶ǿߵһϢѡ
༶ǿߣϾȻô࣬ҽ׼֮Ĳޱԣһֻڲ༶½ײΣǵĵλȻܸߣŸ߽׼Ĳ༶ǿߣǾһ㡭
ϸϸĿЩϢҶ˫ĿȴҲڲ˸š
Ԫ֮ս⵽һʲôս
΢΢ľ׽żԪ֮սĸ֣Ҷüͷһֹĸог֡
ȵȡʲô
ͻȻһϢҶǰһϢ֮Ҷɫر仯


1951 
һļ֮оȻŵϢ
Ҷɫ΢΢һ
ߵһּ֮УҶҵһֹڵļء
ʵҲһĴԪ򣬵ǱѰĴԪ˵ҪغͿֲ
ѰĴԪǿԱƿأҲֻǿʵȥƿأ˵ɲƿ˾ųɵķΧǵȴһһȫƿأصķΪƿء
Ҷһ֮У֮Ĳ༶ǿߡ
ⲻΪؼģϵĵʮ˲㣬һֻǱһЩǿš
ʮ˲ЩǿƿأҪͼӳʮ˲ұҪʮ˲ſԣǵļ䣬ʮ˲һںϣ˿ԺͲԿޱȿֲϵĵ֮УǱѰ޷ݵǿ󡭡
˫Ŀ˿˿âҶ컹ߵļ֮УҵһغͿֲϢ
ʮ˲УһҲǵһۣΪǿ
ҶΪһۣȴûиоһ㡣
ǵһۣǵһĵΪʲôûо˵ҵûа취һ
Ԫ֮սٴαҶ̽ˣеϢ٣༶ǿ߾һԼ֮еϢȴҲҶ쿴еһ˿ˣҶȴҲԴ㵽ëǡ
Ԫ֮սȻ˵Ҳ֪е壬ȴԴиоһĪıɱ¾ʵʵҵʵӦһ༶ǿߣǾûģҪնɱĻȴ൱ѣΪ˷籩֮ŭľѧڵҪҵȥ֣ǶȻĲܵģ֮ŭȥӭУȻȴҲķ޾˲ĿԳҾųɾŵ
Ҷ˼š
ʱ֮УžӨѪڻƯš
ǲ༶ǿߵѪ⡣
ǵѪ⣬ޱȵľɢŻƽɫĹ⻪Ѫ·ǻƽϸɳһ㣬ţԣʣĲڶ
֮
Ҷǿ϶һ㡣
˫Ŀ΢΢һҶоԼһ˿漴ĶŶսħʾһ֮󣬱Ѹٵı˫Ŀعرһ㣬Ľ뵽һ־׵ľ֮С
䡭
΢ʱһľ޴ۼʼɡ
Ҷıһ⻷ɣ֮ɣݻġ
ʱ֮ĲεȵĿֲ·ʵһ㣬ɢĹ⻪Ŀޱȣ·ԲƲһ㡣
ҶһεսѾڼƵסˣһӡļ䡣
ǸӰǸӰǷŭսơ
һеһжıӡ
ϵ߶Ҷ֣һ֮ѾʼԽŨĸǻһǺһš
֮Ҷ֪ʲô;ڻ۳ô֮ȴҲҶоⲢһ¡
֮УҶڣһӰ͵һ
ֻڵ֮Уһ·һ㣬ϵɢ޾ҫԣʥˣһ֮ݳ̲סĿʼͷųԼȥеʥҫ
䣡
ҶǰһʱǰƺǳһĴ
ЩذΧסһӰʼ֡
Щ
һӰҶɫ΢΢һ
ЩӰȴģЩˣÿһλǺŹϵĴڡ
ˣ
ÿһλǵˣÿһλǶ֣
ΪͼߣǿĲ༶ǿߣÿһλԵø
ˡ
Ҷ˵
ս
ɢ˾޴Ĺ⻪ݻһ㣬ϵĹ⻪ɿ漴Ŀʼǡ
ۡ
һֱۺݺݵش̴Ҷ塣
Ҷ޷ŵĿһӰֻһʦ޶ѣΪʲôԼȻԷҵȻҲѹƵ̶ȣ
Ҷ쾪㵵ķһ㣬Ȼʧ񣬾ʹȻݣҶȴܿ˫Ŀ˵ƵâŭһѸٵʩչѧ
ս
ϵս
Ҷͼ޿ʼսÿһεսоԼڳĳصı仯
֮ϣŲ༶ǿߵѪ⻺ر仯Ϊ˽ɫ¶һ㣬䵽Ҷ֮С
Ѹٵļȡɵеľ
ݻݻš
ҶȭҲڲϽ
ݻ֮ˣɵأ
֣֮񷣬ب֮䣬ﳼ
֮ɵģݺ񷡣
𡭡
һȭɿݻٴεĵ죬ıԭӵײкͿֲÿһεĻӶ㿪ʼӳ֣ĽһĻ
䡭
ҶǰԿΪǿߣߵǲ༶ǿߡ
ҶĴ֮ԽԲǴﵽһתһ̬ÿһȭĴ֮ʩչӰݻһĺۼɱǿߵǰȫȥ·ȫķɱ
һ־Եѹơ
СӡСӵϢ
սħɫ΢΢һ䡣
ҹʮҲ˵ţħţ۵ɵùԲʱҶǳ˿˿ǿҵĲ
һķޱȣϢҲȻıŷ
Ϣʹ֮ϢڲϵĽ棬ıѸٵͻơ
䡭
˳
ˣˣѰ֮ҲʮſԴﵽһﾹȻڶ̶̵Ĳʱ뵽죿ʥħ˸оԼı̼޷ˣ̫ˣǸоԼڰ
ôģҪ찡
һ̣һɸײеϢȴ˲ı
Ĳ漴ݻ
죡
һٴεͻ
ǿ˫ĿɵùԲҲҪ£εĴſγɵİ
ۡ
Ҷֱ۱ѵˣ໥һ
ǰ׹ȫĻƬǺ췢ǿһȭһȭȫĺɱ˹ȥ
Ҷɫ䣬ȭȻһ
֮
ɴݡ
͡
ȭӰӶȭͽֿµ⾳ͬĽɽһ㣬ޱȵĵȥ˲ĽĴݻ١
ϴοնɱǣһɿԡƣ
Ҷĺȵ
ʱǿһĲ˲֮Уŭһ༶ǿ߱Ҷȫѵ磬ıסһ˵ԴݺݵشȥԷԴѪɽԽ䡭
䡭
һǿϢشҶϿʼ˳ȥ
졭ɣ


1952 
ȭһͬǺһ㣬˼䣬ǿֲȭ⣬Ŀһβ񷣬һռ䣡
Ҷ˸ǿҵĹ⻪˫ĿȻһ漴ɺݺݵرƶͬǷ׵һ㣬⣬з·һ㡣
졭ٶΣﵽǧļӳ֣֮ŭҲ׵ƿʩչһΣȴҲ´Լɵ
ҶаԵ˼ţϵҲ˲١
ʱٴεĶԿǿߣȴҲգԽԷĴ飬
һĪš
ֻأ
ҶղŲھһδֻء
һδεսȴʱ䣬ȴ˿ռ䣬˷·һ̨֪ƣĻһ㣬սֻս
սЧҲޱȿֲģڵҶϵÿһļÿһ˿ëÿһϸ·̲һһ㣬춯صѸٵĴš
֮תصڴ֮ģǿޱȵЧ֮Ԫʱڣǿĺܡ
졭̬
սħζޱȵĽе
ޡҹʮҧгݵ˵
ˡ
ţħֱӵĵҶ죬޲õĽѾİƤоһ
ʵ̫ˣôģԭҶ֮Ĳ໹ǲģȴôĲ࣬ʵһĽʺޡ
Ϊʮ˲㣬֮дһ㣬Ȼ֪һ㣬ȴĴš
Ҷﻺ˵
죿սħ΢΢һĿҶ졣
ǵģղҵ뵽һֻ֮У޿ʼΪֹмսµһ飬ڵҵһ˿˿ҿа˳ɵİտȷ֮һ
Ҫշһţħ˫Ŀ貵Ĺ⻪˷ޱȵĽе
˵ȻͼնɱԼܴ裬ԣȻļһǺݺݵؼסˡ
ȷʵҪ
Ԫ֮սһµսҶԸоп϶ԼĳϵǺĴѶϵԼȻǿĺܣǵⲻ༶ǿߣԼӦԵøˣ˵ҪȥӦʥ˼ǿߡ
ǲȥԼӦˡ
ʮ˲㣬ÿһ൱Ŀ£ԼҪıǽµٻ
͹ϵļ֮УƺޱߵǿԺͲаǿ
˵Ҷǽʮ˲׵ƿǾζţԳΪۣʮ˲ۡ
ʱԼĵƣ
ˣǲ˽⣬Ȼ˵ܵشȴҲվôӵˣ˵ɲ⣬һɣһȺһǵкܿŲ༶ǿߴš
սħ𻺻ؿ˵
һҲϿɵġȻ˵ĻǾȥȺֹһǺϲôġҶͻȻ¶һĨЦ⣬ؿ˵
˼ǡħ
ҹʮ¶һĨ֮ɫ˵
ħһεʧҲСѪ˵ԻǲģǵһȻ˵˻ȥҪݣȴҲԽλͶԷͨһ£һɽݶħҲԸֵġ
Ҷ˫Ŀ˿˿â˵
Ҳá
һʱ䣡
һʱӹȥˡ
ҶִʱѾĴԪ֮УʮԪĹǿߣҶһӦǿˡ
һҶǿ»ǿѡ׷ѰĽŲġ
Ҷȴһֱûг֣ûа취֪ҲòٵΪ֮ϧϾҶʵ̫СˣһĳɳĻδزΪһǿߣǳΪҲܵġ
ǿֻܹϧһǿߣſ䡣
вȴ¶˿ĵ̬Ҷʵһޱ顣
ЩҲ޲ǺҶ֮Ī޵ǿڡ
һεС椣Ը㿴⼡⣬ģðС椣Ŵүһ߰ɡ
һ˵ϷϢһų֮г֡

һų֮С
ֻһĿڶһĽСŮϵĵϷţ¶˿˿֮ɫ
ϿļͿֲͣȥʵ൱
Ů㲻Ҫģһ߰ɣҲãŴȱ֮ģǸһĻһܵ˼Ϊõ顣
һȫ޲Ϣĺ˶Ů˵
վԭһˣεĿһ
һˣΪ׵һ˰׷ѪͫȻȴһȻİ˲һֳ̬
ɺ˫֮УʱȴҲ¶һĨεɫ
Ҷ쿴ţħƷˣ൱ˣνһһ
һͷɫţһĺ˽̻ʣô޳ܵ˼µϡ
ߡ
ﻺؿ˵
ոյҹʮѾƷʼ뿪
ţħʵȻҪʥħǿȥѹơ
Ů¸ϵʽ
Ʒĵ˵
һ˫ĿʱǽСŮĽϿţﲻϵֹ
ƷǼƷ̴̣һǸӵҺÿ
ţħԼţޣһ˵
顭
Ҷûֱӽ߷˳ȥ
ʵ̫ˡ
ķΧܴ󣬴ףٵŰ򳬳ٱĳ̶ȡ
Ϊǣ֮УŮƣŮ൱Ķ࣬һ·ϣѾţħƷһεķˡ
˵ڹ´βҪŮˣ
ţħһţۣûĿƷһۣݺݵغ
ĳ̶ȣȥһͷĸţ㿴ЩŮǣĶ֣һ˶ùҵǰִνҰɡ
Ʒ̲ס˵
ֹСҰֱӵˣ
Ҷ̲סüͷ˵
ˢ
סԼĵȣоһ쬵Ϣ֡
һΰǱǰҪǿ󣬶Ϣ֮УҶԸоܶǿ֡
ǿ洦ɼĶҪ࣬ͼҲڴ첻𾳵ΪȻǿֲĺܣҪСĵ㡣
Ҷ
ȻҶſԻɱ༶ǿû԰һеĳ̶ϡ
ȷʵ൱ǿ󡭡
ʥħ˫Ŀ΢΢ķһĨâ
ħڵʱѾܳˣȻڵĵֲ̿ȴҲ൱£ħһǿߵĴڣѰǵĻֻ
Ҷصͷ
漴һǰ档
һ޴š
ռǿֲ
ų֮Уһ֮һˡ
棬ĳ֡
ڡ
ħĸ߲൱أǿĺܣ⵶ҵһѺģħΪǳ
ʥħһ˵Ȼ뵽һЩ¡


1953 
Ӧˡ
Ҷؿ˵

ʥħ˵ͷ˫Ŀ˿˿廳֮ɫ
بŵ֮˴󲿷ֵĶѾʧˣ䣬Ѿڳ󵽵ĵط
ҪٴεȥѾ൱ˡ
ߡ
˻سǵȥ
⵶ڵΧǲСɴ˿ɼħѾﵽһô˺Ϳֲĵزˡ
ΧϵѾ˵ĿֲˣǺĵжôǿһɵġ
ϵϢ⵶ֹ֣ϵϢֻоµĵʹ֮ŻһȫΪϵʯģһĺۼѺۣǷġ
ÿһһǿҵϢ˲С
⽨Χһâ˸Щâǿģֻ֮˲ſĿ
Ҷӵۣ֮
˭
ȻҶһ˽뵽ЩâķΧ֮漴һѾ⽨֮˳
Ϊ׵һһȲꡣ
ԷһĿҶһˣϵıȻ൱ǵ
ڣÿһʱ䶼ѡȥյӵģÿȡĵ϶࣬ȡӵʱ䣬˶ԷҲҶ쵱ǰʦˡ
ƿأ˵Ѱ
ʥħһʯͷó˵
һѰʯͷϺѰʯͷƺûжٵ𣬵ʥħһȲǵʥħ˫ֱȴ˿˿ǿϢ·һսһ㣬˲С
ˣ˵Ȼиĺ棬ǸоҶƣȴҲ˿ĲҴ⡣
ǵʥħվ˫ֱ֮УںһǿǴﵽ˼ߵΪ֮Żֵǿ̬
ǡ
һľ㵿ŵʥħ
أ
ʥħ³ֱ㲻ȥ
ǵģԵһ£Ҽ̵ȥ档
˵䣬ѾΧ˷Ը˼֮󣬱Ѹٵĳŵڵڲȥ
˲ӵʱ䣬һԴٵĽŲѾ˳
һ뷢׵Ĺĳ˳һ۵Ŀ˵ʥħ˵ǰû뵽Ȼˡ
ĵڼˣ
ʥħ˫Ŀ΢΢һؿ˵
ǰǵʮߴ
߱ϹϾ˵
һΧһ꣬Ѿ¶һĨ֮ɫڵڵ֪ˣǰһȷʵǴͷģаԵңԼղûжҶһʲôʧľٶ
ʮߴ𣿡ʥħ̲סһʧǶŵһ׷䣬Ǵ˿˿ʹ࣬ĵزؽǷӡȴҲ֪¾Ȼȥô졣
ǰﲻ˵֮أ̸
߼æ¶˹֮ɫ˵
á
ʥħǶҶ¶һѯʵģڵõ˿϶Ļش֮ŵͷӦ
ٶȻ˵أȴ߸׽ˣҶģ󣬵ʥħģȴԵ൱Ĺ߿൱ֹǷĵģ뵽һλǿڵԷһ첻µزµžԵʵ
ĻȻĲܳΣҲˣ̲סٴγҶ쿴˹ȥ
׷Ѫͫ
㣬Ȼ㿡ȴȻһֳ׵ʣָоͷ·һһ㣬ȻѰȴǴŵ֮޷ȥĮӶԷ
׷Ѫͫ
ͻȻ͵ķӦ˹ͫ׾ҵ·ǿʲô˼һ㡣
ѵ˵ǡ
ȥ˵ɡ
Ҷ쵭Ц
ǰȻϳԼݣʮԪ֮Ҷе
ҶȴӵԼڵϢ¶˳ԼͻԼڰıȽϺá
ǣ
߹˵
ٶΧһ˲ľˣȫû뵽߻˵ı֣ȴҶ˽ȥ֮󣬷׷׵Ŀʼ²Ҷһ˵ݡ
Ҫħĸ߲㣿Ϊεϴž֮ɫ˵
һҪħĸ߲㣬ʵȴɣε˫Ŀ΢΢
ƺվЩ
ڳʲôѵ˵ҵĻҲŲˣ
ʥħվһԣǽһˬԼݺεȵĸ߹ڱ˵㹻ιǰѾȴڳϣȻΪˬ
ȥϵһѪ˵ҶҪ
Ҷ쵭˵
Ҷ֣ʱεһȻѾʼ²⵽ҶݣǵҶĽݸ˵ʱĻ̲סЩ𶯡
ǵģǰԵȣϾȥ
˵ӰҶ֣һɽһ㣬˲˵Ŀʼμæ񣬿ٵ˳ȥ
ħ൱أеĸȻ٣ҶȴȫİյģҶڵʵҪӦ༶ǿûġ
ˣҶţħǿǲѡʧĻظ
Ҷ죿ϴǸ£ȴҪļһ𣿡
һ˿˿ŭȻĴԵʮ㣬ȻȴûӦеȣʮ
ҶֲӣȻĿԷ
ҶҵĶˣҵ£ʱѾ˵ˣǶԷԸҲҪ֮ΪˣҶڵӰûл㲻Ҫ£
һ֮д˿˿ŭӿ
Ҷһ˿⣬ϤѪû뵽εİЧʵǲͣȻ˶ݵʱ֮бѪ
ҲпѪԼΪӵġ
ߵҶ͵ʥħȴԵľһεħ֮ƺǲôˡ
ߡѪڽѵ𣿡
ΪӣȻһΣҶ˵ɫȴҲѾЩѿһ˱˵ߣʱѾ̤֮С
Ҷ˫Ŀ𣬿һˣΪһ˵ıŰϢѾҶüͷ𡭡
һˣʮˣÿһλʵ޲ﵽ˴ľ磬ͼҲڴľ磬൱˵ġ
Ϊ׵ӣһɫۣ࣬ϴŰԵְ֮Ե֮һ˵̬
һֳԵơ
ԷվǰȴԸоԼѾһĿֲ֮˵̬ʱҶɫʼһеĺҲĵ


1954 ̸
Ҷ֣
ѪһмĶҶ챧ȭ
Ҷ죿
ûеȵҶʾȴѾںȵ
˫ĿƵĿҶ죬ƺǽҶ˶ҪĶһ㣬־˵âôģ
ߡ
ʥħһһοĵڣģȴ൱Ĳˬ
Ҷ죬һ֮ǿޣһΪأû뵽Ȼţ֪һҵѰħΪ£
Ц˵
ճҪѪ֮⣬ȷʵһ顣
ҶѪͷЦ
¡
˫Ŀ𣬷˿˿⻪
Ϊܹħһ뵽֮С
ҶֱӵĽ̯ˣֱ뻰ĺġ
죿
Ȼ˵Ѿ֪һεҶ¶ȴû뵽ȻΪԵʣʱɫ΢΢һ䡣
ħ֮֮ĹϵӦ൱ĸӵģˮݣһѪҲ˵һ㣬һˣ֮ԭάϵҲʧ׵Ĵƣԭƺƽάֽһ㣬׵Ļˣ˵һӦҲԼļƻˣǺһѡ
ŵﴫ˳֮дޱŵ̬·һޱȻЦһ㡣
ħʵǿ󵽵ģǺҲҪһҲǿһʲôҲͼħ˺̫Цˡ
м˿ûڸǵı˳֮УһƵ̬
Ҷȴûֻ˫Ŀ֮дŵâڻͷš
һεǱѰҶǺ֮໥ޱ׵ģһε¹ش󣬲ܹΪһ˶ܾҪʾһ˰ɣѪɫԽѿ
ʵ̫ˣһ㶼ԼϵƲ˵ǻڶҶһֱǲԼӡ
ѪǱҶģﶪӣڴԼ
Ѫ»Ҫǽ̵𣿡
ĿѪĺȵ
ʲô˼һ첻ɣҪˣʲôʱõĲҪԼͷŵħ֮УǿǲѪȴҲǳصġ
ѪƢҲˡ
Ѫʵڴ۷徳磬ʵȻҲڴ۷壬˵ϢȴѪ˲٣ȻѪҪǿһЩ
ڵλҲѪǿ˲٣ֻӲҪ˵Ѫˡ

̲סĴЦ¶˵ĺһɱ֮ı䣬ͬһ㣬Ĵ̶Ľһг׵
Ѫڶҽа岻ɣ
ѪŭҲЦ˵
ǣǾˡʥħ˵̲ס¶ŭ⣬ʵϣҶڵȻ˵ЩϵǿźȴҲֻҪҶҪǸһǿѡҶǰհġ
һΣ⵶֮УԵԷƲҶ죬ǻǺεȵŰ衣
ԼôţƣҲǿֵ߳ʱͶԷһǿʧˣķ粨ɢˣԽţȥˣսħЦſͳ죬м˵
⶷սħͿˬˣڵĶսħȻֻڴľ磬ԭһΪȴҲ¶Է֮б൱
鰡ӣѵû˵һװƣװƵ߾磬Ǿʱ򷢱һԼ
սħѵõĵ˵ͷֱӵ˵䲻
ܹװƵ̶ֳȣҲһ൱ǿʱ㿴Ǿûʱ
ƷЦ˵
֮дһʱȥˣҶʵţħսħ˵ʵûһġ
սħţħ׷׽뵽˴ľ磬Ʒֱӱʮǿ߿Űһʱ֮󣬽뵽˴̫ž۷壬ҹʮǲ뵽˴ľ磬ٶȣȺ˸ս
ʥħһˣʵԭڵģǱӡԵʣͲ뵽˲༶ΪҲǲܵ飬ڵ֮УȣѾ뵽˼ߵĲΣһεĻẦСС
Ҷһ˵裬ʱɫʼ仯ޱȵ࣬ţҪһ㡣
ȻħûǾȸˣ
Ҷ첻Ĵؿ˵
Ҷ֡
ѪҪȴЦߣôɰôħĵϣ˵߾ߣǵħ֮ôɵľͿ뿪𣿡
Ҷ֣ʱұǸˡ룡
Ѫһȫûؿ˵
Ժ߶
Ҷ챧ȭת뿪
ˡ£
ĺȵ
䡭ʥħһȭһǿֱӵĻɳȥʥħԭǴ֮ʯԭΣĺܣҲΪǿ̶ȿԱţħͶսħ𣬶ʵѾ𽥵Ŀʼ˴۷壬һȭ֮Ǻӱ˫Ŀ񣬺ȻıƳ
䡭
ԼħǿҲ׷ͷųԼƣӴһ޴ƺһ̫ħɽһ㣬Ȼı
ޱߵѹ֮£ﶼʼĵڶһޱߵѹƣһ
ǿߵϢһ˿󵽵ġ
ɫ䣬һʼ˵ղΪֹûпʥħ˵ǿᣬȴĸоǿϢ
㻹Ҫ𣿡
ǰҶЦ˵
һǹŹ֣ҶоԷ֮ԺԼа壬ԭģ˰ȴ֣ûκεϢԼͶԷ֮Ӧǳμġ
Էǿҵĵ⵽ǴӺζ
ҪͼħԿɣϱ仯˼Σȴĺȵ
Կ̸ϣֻħȫȻĺ㲻֪˵ķλǰˡ
ҶһЦת뿪
ǱŤģȫȻĲȥע⣬ӵûȤ
һεħ֮УҶȫ̸ˡ
裬ǿҵ裡
Ҷһ˾Ȼ˵ĶԴԼֱһĪ裬ȭͷ˫ĿԹĹ⻪˸
Ҷ졭ܺã㾹Ȼ˵ķǲô˵ġ
Ҷ뿪Ӱзĺ


1955 죡
һǹŹ֣
սħ˫Ŀ˿˿⣬ؿ˵
״˫һǿҵĴԲľ֮УһֿµʱĶսħﵽһֻ£֮д
ҶԽĸ̾زġزǧ塷ȻޱȾˡ
ȷʵܹŹ֣ҿԵĸоĳһе⣬Ϊħеǿߣһƿأ˵˼ӦúܣһΣǺĻӦûжٵĻûѡԽţ˵̬ʵĹ쵽˼£Ҳ²ûдһﻹֵġ
ǿĵ˵ͷ
ţүүţүүúõ档
ţħ¶˿˿⣬Ƿ໥Ħš
ǶǺĺ¹˭
Ҷޱߵս⣬˵
ȥҹʮ˸׻ʵĴѾõ̫Ķˡ
ȥ졭֮УҵǵôһˣطǱȥһˣŵĴڣȻ֪յĵһĵȴҲСֻҪǺҵĵһ໥ںҾͿԿһѳ˯ڴĶħ
ߡ
һĺȵâתѸٵƿնȥ
ȴҶһ뿪ã˲ռѵԼһݳצ׵Ľһռ
䡭
֣Ӱ˵ϡ
Ϊ׵һˣĿ࣬¡ϴһֿɲɱ֮
ϵıޱȣɱϢ˭
ʱ˫Ŀ𣬿ֲĹ⻪תǱ䵽˼µĺâ·һƬ˪һĺ䣬˿һ۶Լ걻һ㣬
Ҷ졭
ĺ
޷һΣһܲ˵ģһ屻ɫ۰סӰվߣؿ˵
ǰԵܲ˵ģû뵽һﻵһǴ
ٴεĿ˵
ߣҲֻôһζѣǺܿͻ棬ʱҪѹ
ʵٴεĽˣĿߵǿߣüͷ˫ĿȻɲȴʱ¶˿˿ĵ֮ɫȻǶߵĺ֮ˣޱȵļɵ
ûпһźܿͿԿһģʱҵҪħ֮Уȥϼһ֮⣬˭ܹң˵ͷȴ˵Ҷ첻򵥣һ֮ǰǼֵķзģǿߵӰϢԴﵽ˲༶ĵزڻûͻƣõСһ㣬սĻδ½Է㶨ġ
صĺ˵˵ͷһҲѾƻˣҶʵȻǿ󣬵ȴҲδû˻ѹϺõѡˡ
һ˿˿â˫Ŀĵط˵ģһֱںڰ֮УԲ׽ԷģǿҵϢȴļµĺܡ
һ㣬ҶһȻǲ֪ģڵڳһ޴ĴԪȥ

һֳ޺ħ޵ĴԪ
ޡħ޺֮Ĺϵ൱ĺãһЩޡħ໥ϵ֮⣬ǽ뵽һԪ֮УԲܵġ
Щ޺ħ֮Уǿ֮ϵ飬ΪѪͳˣԪ֮У޵ĵλȷʵǿ
ˣһԪ֮Уάϵһֵƽͣûгֹ̫궯
ǾԪӦ˵һַǱѰħ
Ҷվ֮ϣǰһϵĳУû˵
һϵĳٲȻһһ㣬ħǿҵĹ⻪ϵ貶漴ĿĿǾ·ǻһ㡣
ֲɱǿᡢ
ֲ֮ɿչֳޱȾ˵ĲݵĺԶԶ
ĻҹҵΪһǧһҲΪսħһ˵
Ҷĵ˵ͷȷʵһ൱ǿĴԪ򣬵ԪʱĶҪһ㡣
һСĵ㡭
漴̤һʧԭ
ħͬѹƶ£Ű𣬸ͬǺڷķһ㡣
һϵĴɽ
ɽ࣬ﵽһ޼ʵķΧ
һɽɫ࣬·һڳ˯ĺɫȻڳ˯ǿҵϢȴļµ˼¡
ˡ
ʥħ˵
ڵļأ൱Ĳ򵥣ԭһħʱݻزħԭǿѪһ죬ȴ޷µţˡ
ħ𣿡
Ҷ˫Ŀ˿˿âüһ֮ۿٵݻ˲䣬һħѸٵĴ·ʼĿٳɱȥǿԲһݻ
𡭡
һıһִѪͷϢǿҶΪ̲סİԵĸоԼѪڷǿɱ֮һħԼһ㡭


1956 
𡭡
֮ʼ쳹һָħ죬ҶѪȼգӴһ㣬ȻըҶǰٲȻǳһڷŭħһ㣬쳹ŭȻıһǿĲŶԷ˲ͷų
ѹƣԿ
üĵ֮۲ϵͷţĶǿһ㣬һ޴Ļʼʩչ
Ǵ־Ĳ
䡭
֮Ľ棬֮γһΰĺۼǳڲǺڱ޾Ŀռ俪ʼתĳһɲĺۼǱǿбĺۼ
ơ
Ҷ쳤趯ѩɫĳɿﻺغȵ
䡭
һ޴ıʼ֣ʱǺ֮УһĲҶü֮ͷţγޱߵɱ֮䣬͵Ŀʼɿļӳ֣漴ʧԭ
ÿµϢ
սħһ˵¶һĨ֮ɫ
ղħŭǶоһ־˵
ҶѹƣǸ޷뵽
ѹϾѾѹǣһħˣֻôʱ֮󣬾ȻԱ˾˵Ϣʵļ£
ʥħҲһľ֮ɫ
һĶڴ֮ĪУħϢ֮ԵĴһذصϢղűǿоԼںһƬĴؿһˣղһ˿Ϣǿ˲䱻
ȷʵܿ£ϢȴԲżȻֵģƿأ
Ҷ˫Ŀ˿˿âؿ˵
ƿأ
ľ
ƿһϹȻѾҲһǿˣܹ˵תħϵϢҲ൱ֲġ
ߣһȷʵͼħƿȴȫĲУħ̲һѪģһѪԵĺͶԷѪ໥ײղҵϢͷųͶԷݺݵײһ𣬴ʱһӦ⵽˷ɣ
Ҷ˫Ŀâؿ˵
ļǰȥ
ܿǿ㿴һ޴Ľ
˵һ˵һѨ
ħڴĿĳⶴѨһڷŭĿ̬̬Լֿµζ޲˵˶ԷĿ£ȻѾظڸΧɽʯµѾڸԭķâҶ֮۵Ĺ۲֮£ȴĿһķâڲϵ˸
ǿµϢ
ҶаԵ˵
߶ǰ濪ʼǰ
䡭
ǺӵתǺӿʼλɢĲٵĽⷽԲĿռ
ֻת˲ʱѣһ֮УΧһоȻȫĴ䡣
ﾹȻѾȫĸı
䡭
ٵıһصķģЩķ·ǵƺĳħϵķĺ漴ıҫ۵Ĺ⻪һѾʧӰ٣ҶȴоԼĽһĲķ·ǵƶһ㣬ȻĹ⻪ҶһѾʧԭ
ռ֮
Ҳһ˲֮䣬Ҳب꣬ǵҶٴε˫ĿʱȴȻĺ
ϡ
޴Ŀռ˲佫Χһа䶯֮УֲĽײײʹ˴˳
ⷽԲ׵ķΧ֮УҶΧĿռĲţʱĳһѺۡ
Ҷ죬û뵽㾹Ȼĵ
һĺ˳
֮дŵ⣬ŷ񣬴һֱԵĿС
𣡡
Ҷ첻İܿжϳ˶Էﵭ˵
Ҷ㻹ǵң
֮дһĪĿУǼҪĿС
û뵽㾹Ȼ
Ҷ쵭˵
漴ĺļһｻһ
ʥħǿ˵ͷ¶һû¡̬
ǰûɣҲû뵽㾹Ȼô޴ǵõϢû뵽㾹ȻĻϹ
˷˳
ѰҵԷλá
û뵽ǣټһ죬Ȼֻǻǲһ֪ƿԲˣ̫Ľˣ
ҶЦ
Ц֮ȴ˿˿Ĳм⡣
֮ͷŵ˼£ڵ֮ǻƵâתϢĳռ俪ʼ
Ѱһа
Ҷһ϶ĳطȻһո¶Ŀռ䣬ȴҲҪƿصġ
Ҫ׷ˣԵĲҵģϴε֮£ҪĻ
𣿡
Ҷһ˿Ц
һʵ̫˵㣬ΪԼѰҲռٴ򣬵ȴҲζûǾ޷һƬռ䡣
Ҷӵž򣬿ռƿؿռ֮Ȼδ죬ȴҲʼ𽥵Ľռһһھ˳
ǰһȻǿ󣬵ȴҲδ˽ռ
ֻת˲ʱѣҶѾ˿˿Ϳġ
ҵĳ·
ĳ̶ȣƺǲӦƿģû𣿡
Ҷ٩٩̸Ц
С豾𣿺ܺãܺá㾹Ȼʱ򣬻豾ʵ㣬һһƬħ򣬵ǸֻҪҷһʱ̣ǾҪⸯѹȥ
𣿡
Ҷص˵ͷ
һ̣ϵıȴȻһ䣺
ҵҪεѹסǣ
𡭡
͵ͷųһ˲һ㣬ǿֲ֮޾ϣ˲ĺƺƵĳܿʼй˳
Ҫ׷ˣ޷ħ򿹺ģ
͡
ҶȻһ͵ʧԭĵطһȴһʮ׵ĳһȥƻӶһ޴ݻΪһǵֱۡ
֣֮
ƴҫĿڲϵףҫĶ͡
ҡ
ƿ֣֮ͷΧֲֿϢ˲ĿʼҶѹȥ
¡¡
ʼһ޴ħŭţţɱ
䡭
ɾ޴Ѹٵı
Ҷ˫ĿȻһ
㻹Զ֮
һ޴ĹسҶǰ
һ˺ڰϢаϢľ޴ÿһ˿ĺۼ֮жŷǱѰĸ֮ǱһħҪֲ
ʲô
Ȼĳ֡
һΣ֮ȴѾžͲ
ơ
ʧȥⸯѹҶַ֮·һƿħƵһ㣬â죬ȻһĿռٴεı


1957 أ죡

ռƺʧȥ˼ӳһ㣬һˮһʼζƺһĸıţȻٴһת˲ѣҶһ˵ǰѾָԭò
֮ǿЧҶѾ𽥵ĿʼԶⸯ֮ǿ֮ǿɵһеаЩаڳ˵൱ĿֲǶҶ˵ȴûжٵɱˡ
ڵҶ죬ʩչǿǴϢ
ȫųһеۻ֮а֮ڰ֮ǲҪ֮ĳ֣Ҷ춼ȫĽﾻġ
˴һϵĴ֮ϣһĺۼһֹϵĺۼЩۼ̻һγΪϵһ㡣
ȻҶ춼޷ȥӵЩֵ˼ȴҲԴЩ֮в˿˿ĹϺǿϢ
ⲻܣ
һǰ
Ĵ֮תԹҳ˿ֲɱ·Ǵޱȵĳһ˲
ֻ֮УһڵϣĲţǰһѪ۵ӣȻܵ˴ˣԷһԱɫ˫Ŀһĺˣ˲
Ǵݵֻ㹻֪˭
ּˡ
Ҷ쵭Ц
Ȼƿղŵһռ䣬磬ʩչķѵȴǺĿռϵһģҶ֮ͨ۵ȫĿԿһ㣬תԼĿռȻֻת˲ʱѣȴҲ˲ҵԷټһ֮Ѹٵƿ񷣬͵Ļ˶Է
̿ȥɣûпռûۣ֮ûǿʵǸġ
ߣһվȫɫħۺħסˣһķתϢҶ֮۾ȻԸоڶԷһǿҵĳϢһְԵ֮˲Ҫȥȥ
µļһҪ˺Ϳֲ
Ҷüͷ𣬴˵ʵȻԼһֲ༶ǿ󲨶
Ҷ졭֣֣
Ҷ죬ĺ
ߡ𣬵ǾǳɲѣǶȻĲΪ˵ģһҲֻµȥʳ
ҶûȤͶԷ졣
ڵֻҪѰҵ
Ǹһﲻ򵥡
ʥħĴ˵
Ҳע⵽һ㣬¶˽䱸ɫ
һȻվߣȴһֶ˵·˶ں˿ռͺڰ֮һ㣬Ƕ˵ζûȥ⡣
ҲˣһжСĵ㣡
Ҷĵ˵ͷ
ǾȴҲԵĲ߳ģҶ죬Ҫȫ
¶ɭȻЦݣؿ˵
漴Ķߵһ˴ĺ
㻹ʲôѵҪ׵ɨزɣ
ˢ
˻س˹ȥɲâѸٵıâͬ貵ħĵħ⡣
𣿡
һֲϵϢԷƺͲСˣֹµĲ޷С
㡭㡭˲ЭҵҪɣ
֮дžɫĺ
ۡ
˭Ҳû뵽˾ȻȻĿʼ֡
ٶȿľˣ·һɫħһ㣬ȻĴ̴Ŀ꾹ȻǶԷü֮С
һɫϸ
һɫϸϸ˼£಻ָֻĴϸһϸȻһİԵ֮ʵ˾ĺܡ
㡭㾹Ȼˣ
˫ĿɵùԲϴžɫ޷ŵĿŶԷȻû뵽һﾹȻԼֱ֣ƿԼ꣬Լ׵ĸɱ
ȥɣܹһѾޱѵõˡ
Է֮Уһֵ񣬶˵ֵʱȴޱȹ
顭
תȻ˲䱻նɱΪһ⡭
ˢ
ϵĺڰϢȻɢˣֻһ߳Ҷǰ²ǶԷݡ
Ҷ졭ϲ㣬ȻܹɹͻһεĿ飡
վϵĳһ˿ģȥһָ߹ʣԷվһŲ϶а¶һĨЦݣؿ˵
㡭ǲ
ʥħͻȻһȻĿڽҲ¶ǿҵĽ䱸֮ɫսı˳
䱸
ɫҲǴ䣬һ˵Ϣתĳѹ˹ȥ
ǺǡѾˣֻһͷӶѣ̫ˡ
ߵ¶һĨϵЦݣؿ˵
ϸָīѪһħӡѾݳ׵ı¶˳㲻ȥڸˡ
Ҷ˫Ŀ΢Ȼһϸ֮һɫߣƺһֻڰһ㣬棬һɺ۾ɢ˿˿авʱĸоһǰδеĿ־֮ġ
͡
ȻһǿֲϢԭɽ緢һıţһȴһ˲նһ㣬ϢѸٵɢˣĻʧ˿ռ֮С
ߡ
ʥħһ˵һһĻζȻܵһЩ˺
û°ɣ
Ҷɫ䣬ȴڰԵĳԾǰһ±Լ༶ǿ߻Ҫֲ
²ûдĻһʵӦڲ༶н׳̶ȣ
ҲҶһָʶеĽ䱸Ȼʼǿ
ʥħص˵ͷʾû⡣
ǺǣѾΪʷڻŵֻˣҶܲȻɵͻһռ䣬һεĲѾûжٵıҪˡ
Ц˵
֪ΪʲôҶͻȻоԷƺûжٵĶ⡣
𣿲ԣʲô˼
Ҷ컺ؿʵ
ûʲôֻΪȷһ£ߣǲΣգʵȷʵԱ֤İȫˡ

һҶϲ¶һĨ֮ɫ
ǺǡĳƺŲСʣõģЩʵȵԺ󣬶Եõ͵ģ룡
˵ѾҶһ·һơ
Сġ
ʥħǵɴŽ䱸֮ɫҶ˵
޷
Ҷ쵭İ֡
˵ҪֵĻһοѡˣȥѡնɱˡ
ϾΪΪǿɲѰĻɫġ
ź֮ģҶڶԷ󻺻سǰ滺ȥ


1958 
Ȫˮӿֱ·һŰ֮ƣݻпĿһ޴ĺۼתٴײ
貵Ĺâϵس֣ЩâҲ򵥣ΪԽɵ㹻ĵֵѰ˰Ŀޡ
Ǿؽˮ
ʥħﻺĿ˵ɳƣһĽ;
Ҷĵ˵ͷ
ؽˮϵˮϸ˵Ⲣˮ֮һ֣Էڲ̲Ž֮ԵϢǽˮںϵһֿ¾
񳹣ɽϹŵľɢŲһ޴ϵľش³ɫۼΪſֲ֮
ȻҶľҪܶ࣬ȴôĹںһչֳȴҲ
һɢɫ⻪ĹľֱֱĴ̴˴أȻС
ȻֻһСС֦һ̬ȴϹŵһ㣬ֲ֮дɱϣվڶԷǰ»˲䱻ֲϢĽ飬ޣ궼һһ
ɫɫħȸԵʨ
ֿҶһһľ㵣Ȼ˵ҶŵĴУŰ˲ͼڿǰһ̲֮ס¶һĨ֮ɫ
ԳһոµĿռ䣬ޱԵľ޵ʹ֮γɵģܹһսߵ磬һ㹻˾ˡ
Ҷһ˵ľ㵣ƺûоȣʵϣҶ֮ǰǼˣ޲й㾪̬
ҶǻǱȽϺˡ
ǿһոµĿռ䣬ħǿǣϴݻɵģ
𻺻ؿ˵
Ҷĵ˵ͷܹﵽ̶ȵĻԲǼ򵥵ĳ̶ȿԵģӲһ˿ȥģϾ༶ǿȻֲҪһޱߵĿռ䣬»ûʵҪһ֮ӴĿռ䣬ҲҪʥ˼ǿ߲ſõġ
˴˴ڱչ֮УǸӦϢҲԷٻңһΪµһαչص춼ǿеĴƣΪľҪһΣҶ죬ο»òСĺôġ
Ҷû˵ġڻ֣Լ߶ݵģ⡮ʲôˣ
ƳһȻָָ˽ָ˲Ŀʼ˲񷣬ת˲ݻΪһĺۼЩۼͬǹǳ֮һ㣬˸˲񷣬Ȼںϣγһһ㣬һռȻ
һƬǿĹâʼɣâǴ⣬û˿ĺڰʣͷ·Ǻڰ֮еһ㣬ȫĲһ˿ĺڰ⻪뵽Լ֮С
Ȼ̬Ҷ΢΢һ
⣬֮УϾ޺ħ޵ľۼ֮أħޱа

һͨγɣʣÿһεʣͨɢ
ͨڲ޲ŹϢϵͷţݻţĽһеаȻ
Ĺ֮
Ʒ¶̰ɫĹޱȵŨÿεĺĸоԼڱĴš
һţħͶսħһ˵ȴǺϲʥħǿߵҲ¶˿˿ĳ
Ǳ֮൱ų⣬սħȻǵزصĴУȴһ֮֮ǰĹ֮Ҳͬ
ɣǿȺ򡣡
ﻺ˵ŵʥħһ΢΢ʾ⡣
⡭
ʥħǿȻҲԸУȴҲҶһȥëߣһʱЩ
ɣ㣬Ʒ򣬺ɣ˵Īĺôġ
Ҷ컺Ц
ҪݺԼĻҲҪô޴Ĺ̵ģʵ㹻˾ˣʲӵ󣬿¸ӵĿɲˡ
ǡ
ʥħǿĵ˵ͷ
ž
ҶĽŲ̤һͨʱһҫĹ⻪˸˳˵൱ϲģ֮ϲϵĳһӰֳ񴸣߾Уŭ𣬻ޱߡ
εģЩӰĳȴʱΧĴһĲ
ҶһӰ̲סһ𣬰Ը̾Ҷǿ
һͨǿֲǴĳѹȵ·ǴӲĿٳһ㣬Ҷʥǿĺܣ¾ͻǵʥħǿߣҪ˲䱻ѹȥġ
һ֮·ĺܣϵ俪ٳΪľǵǿ󣬴ӶٴεĽ
𻺻ؿ˵
Ҷص˵ͷûм˵ǲϵϵȥ
ȷʵ൱ĲףĹ֮ԼǰѾǳˡ
໥Ľһ֮ǰٶȺ·̲ϵǿţҲ𽥵û˹ͨԽڲǰѹͻԽȻﵽһɲĳ̶ȣÿһ߶ͬҪһ̫ħɽѹһѹ
Ҷÿһ·ǹϵһ㣬ʮ㣬ԽľҶ֮Ѿ̲סĲϡ
ԼǰһСʱʱ֮ڵǰһ貵Ĺ⻪سˡ
⻪Ȼ൱ĿɲǾĳ̶ȴһ֮·ǿ
ֹâƺޱߵҫʥࡢ嫣Դݻһеа
â֮أĿһӰ棬ӽСӰϿԿĳһŮӵ塣
˸ϵĽŮӵݶЩǺҶȴԸоĳâڲϵעԼԷڿԼ
ϼ貣â˸ҫŷŮӵΧԲ׵ķΧ֮У貵Ĺ⻪˸ΧһǿеƿһŮһ㣬ﲻַ
ˣҶѾˡ
𹧾񣬵˵
ʵ͵λǰŮӾȻ˵Ĺɴ˿ɼŮӵĲ򵥡
ˢ
⻪ͷų
ΧϵıŷȥһСӰı
ȥɣлҪ
ö֮дһĪϣȻöȴһبŵʥһ޷ȥܾ
Ҷ΢΢һоˣŮӵƺһϤϢ
ϤϢԼѪļϢ
ѵ˵
һ뷨ȻĳҶС


1959 죡
ƺѾ²⵽ˡ
öٴεĳ֣ĳ֣ҶǰռȻ΢漴Ҷ쾪ķ֣ԼǰѾһŮˡ
ʲôʱ򣿣
Ҷд󺧣ȫû뵽ԷȻ˵Ŀֲ
ǶԷĽһӶ˿ռĲԼûа취оһٶ̫ľˡ
ͬʱҶ˫ĿҲسŶԷ˹ȥ
һȥʮ˾ģٸ޵ĺܣĻѩϸ壬ͬŶ峺һ㣬˲ĳС
һװɫĳȹȻǻɫ촽Ǵһǿҵ֮ɫ
ҶаԵĸ̾
ȴûв˿ǿΪ»κ˶ûа취˿뷨ģһ־Եѹƣɲѹơ
޷ȥҡǿ
ңԷ˫ĿǵĹ⻪˸ǳǻ۵ϢȻҲ޷˵뷨ȻŮ˵ĻģҶ컹̲סĲһİԸ̾
ǵģѾ΢Щ²ˡ
Ҷ컺ؿ˵
ԷǿûҶʧȥԭ־־˵ĺܣɽ纣ĺ嫣ǿӲǺ˿ȥҡǿ־
ٵʱˣ£بΪҲˣû뵽촹Ȼһٴεļҵĺӡ
ﻺؿ˵
ԷʵˣһһĪ̲һµϢ
ҶոҪ˵ʱͻأһǿҵĲŰ˲ͼ֮ݻһӰٵĳ˳
һɫӰ
ౡ
࣬൱Ķ漴ӰͬһĹҶϡ
Сף
СһﾹȻˡ
ҶǸ뷨Ҳõ֤ʵ
ౡ
һԱɫͫϵҶţӲʱҶĦţĿɰСһһֱŰ˲ͼ֮г˯ôʱˣųҶһľϲ

ٵĺﴫǼĺ¶ȻžϲɫΪǿʱĻ˲ʧ̬ġ
Ҷ츧С׵ëûĶһһô
ܳ˯ôʱ˲ų
ܿһϵϢҶʱǰ˫ĿˬĿ

ҶһȻƽСˣȴǰŮ˿ǺСƺĪϵš
ౡ
Сײķ˿漴СצӴڵҧһ鿾⣬֪һﵽжôܳԡ
ӡ
﷢૵Ľ
Ҷ̲סһ¡
ʵ̫ȻˣѾſҶԴϵСһĶ£ûдҶԴϵһ̣һѩɫȴѾٵץסСһݺݵر˻ϵĦСһ壺
վĻǻţҵĺӣҵĺӡ
ӨǾµϹ˵
ౡ
СԭȴܿıֱˡոȾˣСצһеĿ˹ȥױһĿŶԷǰŮˣһԱɫƺǺԼһģһһϤϢЩ
ౡ
֮д˷ܡ
Сĺӣ
ȻѾȷС׵ݣҶ컹Щ㵣µƽҶȻѾԸоС׵ˣȴû뵽Ȼ˵Ŀֲ
С׵ֵĵط½һ۵СطΪǿС޽Ļ㹻ѹһеһ½
ǰǿѾﵽ˲༶Ͻ׵ĲˣֲΪ½֮òǰ˸Ӵ򲻵һġ
بŵ֮УǸʱҸոճΪƿأأ˵ܵ˲˵żһΣںǿ߷˳ͻ֮һŭ֮뿪졭ҲǸʱ
ȻʱѾȥ˺ܾˣ˵ʱȴ¶һĨɬһ޷ȴĻ䡣
۶ҿ̹ġ
ǶºԼʮ֮һĺӣһһ֮ʵļģǸʱҸȣȻĲܹЩ֪Ѱҵһطû뵽黹ǱȺ϶֪ˡ죬ҵĺӣҲ죬ɺ޵ļһﾹȻʧˣǸʱʵȺϼһΧңһŭ֮ʩչ˽Ǹɱȴû뵽ǣҵĺҲǸʱǿеӵ
Ȼʱȥ˺ܾã˵ʱһ֮ȴ˸貵ıâȻȺһ൱ĳޡ
һҶ쵹ǿ⣬Ͼôõʱˣ⻹ǵһμԼĺӣʵԹ޵ġ
֮УҷȫȥѰҵĺӣȴûκεҲ𽥵ķˣϵĴԼϵȥѰǸ쵰ļһһҪúõĽѵ
ϹŭݣȻС׵൱ĲҶӾ㵵ǣ¹ȥˣС׾ȻôС
ƺǿҶ˼ε˵
һѪǿƥһѪҲǱѰǶһͬص㣬ǾٶȺǻǸɺ޵ļһӳӵҲ¡
꣬Ҷһࡣ
ǸС׵𣿡
ҶСʵ
Խĺ棬Сһݵ׻жôĿֲĴֻƬϱɸоС׸׵ƺҲǿֲ
ЦеĿҶ죬һ֮˸һ˿˿Ƥ
㲻Ѿ˽Ӵ𣿡
Ӵ
Ҷüͷһ˲ϵıݺݵس鴤
ħ
֮дžôʵ̫ݵˣС׵ĸ׾Ȼħˣ
ߣˣΪûг֣ҺҵĺεĻôʱ޷棬ȻҶңҼң
Թʮ㣬ԣӦԹʮ㣡
ħǿƺǲٰ
ҶС˵
ħƿرˡ
һ˿Ц⣬ǹĻߣҳڴĿҶҶ¶˾֮ɫʱ򣬲¶һĨʤ̬
˼ǡС׵ĸħƿأƿأ
ˣ׵ˣһѪҪҪôĿŰ
ǰӦ˺ӵϢµΪֹҶ޷ҵҵĺӣˣҾҵ˺ӣҲġ
Թʮ˵
Ůˡĺܿ¡
ʱҶ֮⣬һĨСͬ顭


1960 ڰ
ǸСƺ̫С˵㡣
Ҷ쿴ڱһԸʵСף̲סĿЦ
ֻǳڣҪسɳ»Ҫǧ꣬ҵĺȻǲ˵ģǧʱѾǱȽ϶ݵˡ
Ҷһĺ߻кǱʮֻݺݵؼ̤һһ㡣
ǧʱ䣬ҲǶˣǶʱ
ڵʵԴҸоҺӵϢ֮ҲϢ̽һЩĳɳٶȲһܿ£Ȼûа취䳹׵ȻҲǲ򵥵ġ
˫Ŀ֮ɫ˵
𣿡
Ҷ΢΢һȴû˵ǿޣƾǿ˵ľѧһЩδʵѾ뵽˲༶ǿϣǿʵԵĿԺɨ񷣬𺳰˻ˣȴԵ޷ȥԼ
ܹԼģҲֻʥ˼ǿˡ
ڵ㣬㲻Ϊǿģʺ;ȴƽģǿΪɲľҶΪ֮ѡԲǼ򵥵ҵĶӸȻкµġ
˵漴¶һĨƤ͵΢Ц
ౡ
С׵﷢һܵĽȻǽСһԱϣ൱ܡ
ң
ҶٴεһĿʼ¶һĨɵɫ
ôоС׽ԼڹΪ֮ƺڽԼһ鷳¡
ŮˡһʼΪ̫ˣԽС״󷢸Լ˰ɣ
Ҷв޶
Ϊ༶ǿߣֱ֮Ϊ졭
૵˵һ֮ƺ¶һĨĪĲ
ʲô˼
Ҷһ漴Ŀ󣬵ȴԷĽ͡
֪ʲô𣿡
ﻺ˵ûеȵҶش˵
죬ǿ졢졢졭ÿһֶһ֣ǿ㣬༶ǿ֮У֮֮Ϊ죬ȥƺ൱ǿģʵϣ첢ǿ֮ϣһȺǿĴڣھ֮۵ĿųһУӴ쿪ʼΪڲϵĴǾȴƺͣͲǰٵǿڽ뵽˴ľ֮Ϊһδεı谭ţΪ漰ǿԵʡڰеƿغͲٿһС
΢΢һؿ˵
Ҷı𽥿ʼоһεƺһֲԾĸо
༶죬ΪӽǿһȼǹܹȼĴȴٺ٣ûһλΪϵһĴڣĲ༶ǿȴݺݵѹȥǸ޷ȥΪ߲εǿߣ֪Ϊʲô𣿡
Ҷص˵ͷ
һڲϵѹưɣ
ԴĿһҶ죺
֪еĻҪһЩȷʵѹţҲȫģ֪ǿ߿Խ뵽߲εģȴûнĶͣ˵ǲûбϡ༶۷壬༶Ͻ׵۷徳ֱΪ𣡶ڵΪȴҲֻڲ༶Ͻףȴûв뵽۷֮УȻȥ಻󣬵һ༶۷ǿȴ㹻ĽսǲҪķȫͿԡȺ߲εǿߣȴֻбɱķݣһ˿Զеģѹƣϵѹơ
˵ʱϷ¶һĨ֮ɫ
ϵѹ֮ǣΪһĴڣ֪ʱᱻƿأ漴նɱ
ɫʼ֡
ȺʲôĴڣ
Ҷһ˵
ʥˣ
ֻ֮һ㣬˵ڲ˵ﵹַ·Īһ㣬ɽ˲Ϣѹƣ񷶼Ϊ֮ʧɫ
ʥˣ֮بŵĴڣ㣬е𣡡
˸ĪϢͲ
ǵǾһĴڡ
˵ʱ𽥵纮˪ӿ
Щж٣
Ҷ𽥲²⵽뷨漴سʵ
ֻ࣬мλѡ
˵
ȴƿƿı仯һеһУ˵ҵĺӽˣչֻϣεǿȴҲ޷㲻һ޵ĿܣǿԽһвƣ޷δȴҲԲ²⵽ԿԸıⲻ
𣿡
ҶЦ˵
Դ֪Լ֮ҶѾоεѹˣǰͿѹԼʥ֮ϵĺأ֮ϵأ
ЩϵĴڣΪµģ
֪ڰ𣿡
Ҷٴν˳
ڰˣ
΢΢һ¶޷ŵɫҶ죬ƺû뵽Ҷ쾹Ȼʳһ⡣
ǵǣ
ٴεĿһҶ죬Ŀ·ڿһֻһ㡣
ǰɣұͶԷһս
ڰޱǿ󣬵Ҷȴʵʵ˵
ڰȷʵأǵƿһ༶ǿߣǿ𼶵Ĳ죬ΪصĺܣҲüɵ֣ôǵǿߣ
ҶԽĿЦ˭Ҳȥǵģûа취
漴Ҷ콫Լľ˵˳
ϵҶĽ仯ţ֮Ѿ¶֮ɫ𾪣ͬǿһĿҶ죺
㾹Ȼꡭ찡һ
ڿ𣿡
ҶҲһĿЦ
ڰˣϵ˵ô½֮Уĺڰ˿еһΪСķֲѣǵǿȫĲѷɫǣǱǸӵĿֲ˱ע⵽ˣǽ൱ģǿߣǲҿȥֿġҪСĵ㣬ǸϹΣҲ򵥣ĻҲȥúڰ˵ǿ߶ȥѰҡ
εȥѰǣ
Ҷüͷ΢΢һؿ˵
ܼ򵥵ķʽ֪Ԫʲôط𣿡
Ҷ΢΢ҡҡͷ
򣡡
˫ĿһĨɵ֮ɫ˵
ϵ򣬱κεһԪҪ޴ռɵķΧǿĴԪ򡭡
Ҷ˫Ŀ˿˿ĺâ˸
ڰ˵ǿ߾𣿡
ǵģڰ˵ǿ޶еġȴ൱غ͹죬˿֪ܹﵽһεȵĳ̶ϡ


1961 ڶ
ǵѵҲ޷𣿡
Ҷϴźɫؿ˵
ǵģȫû
ϿЦ˵
Ҳ²ûдǸСӦþ֮Уʵ͵λܸߣûǺڰ˵ҲѡֵģԷ֮Ի֣ҲԵֺöԷܹúڰ˶Ϊֺ֮õǲģٴεĲ²ĻϹӦеİ˴֮һĺˣ
˴𣿡
Ҷ˫Ŀţ֮д˿˿â
ǵģ˴˴ÿһλبźǿޣΪʱҲޱȵģ˸˴ڵѾ֪ˣҲֻ֪һֵϢѣÿһʵڲĵزһ仰㹻ȫġ
˵ʱҲ̲ס¶һĨ֮ɫ
Ҳ˵һûжٵĻˣ
Ҷſɬ
ǵģ˵ʵȷʵǺֲܿȴҲ޷˴ԿŵΪֱӵķʽν֮˵ӵǿңϹξȻ½һССĴԪ֮УӦҲԭġ
ϴһĨŭ⣬ƺǶԭ൱ķŭ
ʲôԭ򣿡
٣
ݺݵزţҶ˫Ŀͷų˿˿ĺâ
˼ǡֻĿ𣿡
ɬޱȵĿɬ
ָоҶ˵
࣬˵СԪ֮гɹļǱȽϸߵġ
١Ŀꡭ
ĺ
ôʱ䣬Ѿǧ࣬ǵͷԼȻǶԷĿ꣬Ҷεܹܵס
ȻˣҲֻ֮һΪһЩȴҲˡ
ƺǿҶ챯̬ٴλ˵
˵ǸŮӶĸģǾͻһۼһֺǿĽѣȹȥ֮󣬾ͻʵͻͽն϶ڹһУ˵޷նϵĻȴҲļб޷ն֮Ҳܿ޷ȫȴģһ㣬ÿˣ˵Ļǵ㣬Ǿ˵ϲ㣬ҲûпܣûгֹģһЩǿ߻ΪٵԵʣӶϣ
Ҷûм˵ϵıȴڱޱȿɬ
ϾһĴʵ̫ǿ˵㡣
ҶҲʼЩ޷ˡ

һҶ컺ؿ˵
ȥˣεģĿΣһǿԽģҵģ˭Ҳ޷ߣ
⻰֮дżᶨ־һ޷ڸǵǿš
ȷʵûп㣬ǿߵĸǿߵ־չֵ൱ԣ
һ̾˵֮д˿˿Ľ
ܹ
ССҶ춼޷˵Ļ
һĿʲô
ҶͻȻĿ˵
ȻڹĲ˻⡣

Ҷ˫Ŀ˿˿âؿ˵
ѵ˵
Ϻ¶һĨ˼ľ֮ɫ
˵һĵɣ
Ҷĵ˵ͷ
ǵģһҼԦںϵˡ
ʮ˲ĵÿһ㶼ϵʮ˲ĵ׵ں֮󣬽һ˭Ҳ޷󵽵ľĿֲ֮˭Ҳ޷ȥġֻں֮˲ſ֪ŵһԦ֮󣬾ͿԲ춯صǿһʥ˼ǿ߶Ϊ֮ʮ˲˵һ֮⣬Ķڱǿƿأֻеһ㣬ΪأǵĸҪƿ൱ѣǺ˿֪λڣû뵽㾹ȻյˣϢһ֪Ļ鷳ܴġ
ϴһĨء
֪ʱǲᱻ֪ģֻʮ˲һںǿжôĿֲ
޷
Ҳ޷һȷеĿԡ
ڹϵĴ˵֮Уʮ˲ϵĺڰĺڰ֮УΪǿֻ֣һǺڰһǹ˵һһ֪˭ƿţʮ˲ʥ˼ǿǣܵв˽ݻˣϾΪǿеһ֣ǱݻȴҲ޷ĻҲ֮еһָķһ𣬾һеﶼ᳹׵ɢģʮ˲һָΪʮ˸֣ͽ޷ʩչ˵ҪСĵ㣬һ֪ǵһ֮ݣǾʥ˼ǿ߶пܻ̲סĳֵġ
ΣУǿҵΣжʱҶӿ
һ۵ݣƺûнȫĵѼǲʲô£ֵɽһ㾪ˡ
һΣҪõһ
Ҷ컺Ŀ˵
ȷʵһ˵ûжٵôҲá
󻺻ؿ˵
漴ҲʲôһɿֲĺڰϢȻıǵϢҶһĹ⻪˸ֲϢҲ˲
䡱
ޱߵĵ֮ѸٵһΧͷţת˲֮Ѿʼ˿ռ䣬ĵ֮ǻһ㣬ϵΧͷţ漴Ŀʼ񱩵ӿһľ˺Ϳֲ
¡¡
ڰĹâҶš
ǵĲͺġ
ȥ
Ľ߳
漴Ҳʲô˲ı㿴ˣһͼش֮г֣ҶϣһģȨš
䡭
ͼ̫ӡǣͬһϵЦܿĺҶȨӰײһ
顭
ߵײûв˿ķֱӱҶںĵ֮ʱ
ҶмĿһеĳֲԼôĿֲΪôľˣȫΪѾһƿȨ׵ķˣĻԼʵƿΪؼĵһȴҲȻûսԷ׵շġ
¡¡
ϢɿתҶһѸٵ˵֮УķΧڷš
ϵϢ֮ȻڰȴһڵĲһֲֿĲ·Ƕħһ㣬һγɣÿһ֮жһɫӰڷĺ
ǡ
Ҷ¶˾ϲɫ
Ϊڶϵĵ鰡
Ȼ£龹Ȼѵļ󣬶ںϣϢ·̫ħɽһ㣬һĽֲѹ֮ҶҪӦġ


1962 аħ
ȣ
Ҷĺ˲أ·Ҫﶼһ㡣
һŨĵ֮ϵıҶȡ
ǵˣһۣǿ죬ȫƿص֮֮ȻǿֲȴҲǲյģݣԽ֮պͼȡǻʩչ
֮󣬱Ϊµ֮Ĵ½ʮ˲ȫѼںϵĻ¾ʥ˼ǿߣĶֵġ
Ҷĵ˵ͷѾоǿ֮ˣۣƿصڽµһ֮ӳ֮ҶԺͶԷںһһһߵ֮㹻ԽɱеЧһͷų˲ĽǿѹȥֶѾ൱ֲˡ
ҶҲԼĵ֮ûγɻʱõĻǲҪʩչʥ˼ǿ֪ԼĴڣǾ군ˡ
СһǽɣһҪһαչأչ֮ҾҪǸĵļһúõĽһ
˵ʱѾ¶һĨŭ⣬ȻνĸĺС׵ĸˡ
õġ
ҶҲ޷ģһջѾܴˣµһһҲ𽥵ڣޱȵĹϺͿֲԼĽٻĻﵽЧǱѰľˡ
ԽͻԽľ˺Ϳֲ໥ں֮󣬵ڶᲹһҪҪ޾ȥ߶ѣŵڶĳ֣һĵѾ׵ˡ֪ʮ˲ѵĻǵһɶô˺Ϳֲ
Ҷ޷󵽡
ҪȥһˣǾ͵Сĵ㣬ǰ˴ɲǳصģһǷĴڣȻһ籩ģǺڰ˵ǿߣҲǲô׵뿪ġ
Ҷص˵ͷ
ȹʱ֮Ҷ뿪죬ʱ䣬Ҷջʵĺܶ࣬ϣڵҶȻֻǴΪյʱȴ࣬ʱĶͻƵľ硣
ǲ༶ϽǿߣʵָҶ컹൱аյġ
õ𣿡
Ҷٴε̤ͨʱѾȺõţħһһϲĽе
ˡ
ҶĸżϵСףһεĳɹº̶ܴҲΪСһԭ򰡣Ϊĳ֣ȻԼ˵̬ȵġ
ౡ
Сչһ漴ٴα˫ĿĴ˯
ǰǣ
Ҷ˵

ĵ˵ͷĿҶһ˵뿪ܿһӰ֣ʱֳ߳
ǲ󻹻˭
ˣߺ𣿡
̲סʵ
޷ҶҿδҲ޷Ԥ⵽ȴĸоСӵһǿˣҵĶӴ߾һ¡
ϴһĨļֺڴ
͵õˣð
ţħ¶˼ɫ˵
ȷʵˡ
Ҷ˫Ŀ𣬻ؿ˵о֮·ǻ緢һ㣬Լߣǿĵ֮ԴԴϵıԼڵӰ֮ͬһͷźʹ󣬲ϵؽǵ֮Ĵźͼȡţ˸硣
ÿһϸÿһ˿ѪⶼͷϵϢ
ǿ󣡿ֲ
ҶаգŲ༶н׵ǿߣʸͶԷԿֻҪԼ뵽˲༶֮󣬾ǲԼҲᵨӵġ
߰ɡ
ҶǵǰȥȻԼҪĶѾõˣҲǽˣڵĿĵأӦȥѰҺӵȥ·ˡ
뵽˺ӣҶ̲ס¶һĨЦ⡣
ôõʱˣԼڵҪӵһҵˣһǺӵΪǿһҲҪһû뵽ǺҹҩʾȻ֪ӵһȥ·ҲҶ찵ԵĳԾ͸м
ߵѣԼûаȥѰҵӵһġ
ˡ
ɽ壬һ̣Ѹٵıŷƺ񷿪ʼ𶯡
ӿʧɫ޹⣬һ䣬֮ϣһӣ촹ѸٵĻһ٣Ҷһɱ
ң
ʥħһĸı䣬ŭȵ
֮ȭ
ȭͷݺݵسվһȭ¡𣬵һȭȴ˴֮һƬĴطڣͬˮһ㴩ݻΪһĴ֮ǽֿסһӴɱ

﷢˲񷡣
䡭
һ޴ײ֣֮ǽһĹѣ֮Ҳ漴ɢĹâ
ŵŵţ
ʥħɫ䣬岻ܿƵĵҲ¶һĨ֮ɫ
ϢԴң֮дž𣬷һޱȳԾ̬
ô£ţħͶսħ˫˫һϵϢȻı
䡭
ٴεһɾ޴ԭɢ˹âʱȻٴεĻһ޴ħ񣬷չᣬĽʥħĴ֮ǽȫɻ飬ĳŷǱѰ͵ĳҶӶȥ
罣Ƶչ˲أ˲趯ĲҶİ׷ʼ𣬶ĵϳһĹۣȻҪҶն顣
ߡ
Ҷһ

аħ֣Ȼնһ޴ĵأѸٵǰĳ
䡭
ֲײȻĳ֣Ѹٵ֮ϳһѺۺͿֲķ
ˡ
ϡ
аħİƺǼƺڲ·Ǹоʲô˼һ㡣

Ҷ΢΢һָоӽ뵽֮ҶҲֻиоζѣǵڶΡ
оͷ·Щܿһ㡣
˭ɣ
Ҷﻺس˵
ϵСףԼ˫Ŀ¶˸â
Ҷ졭û뵽㾹Ȼĳû뵽
һԴϤͬ׵һ㣬ҶҵĲ
ʶͬһط½
ˡ
ռѣһѾ֮ϣΪ׵һһۣĿҶ죬߾Ȼˡ
㡭
Ҷעǰ꣬¶˿˿âؿ˵ŶԷߵһˣҶ˫Ŀһ㣬̹ǣû뵽㾹ȻҲ뵽˾֮У


1963 ȸ
ˣҶʶ൱ʶԷһһжԴԼļ֮ȡ
ȸ
ﻺؿ˵꣬ҶҲǿҵĽ䱸֮ġ
û뵽㾹ȻĿԼǵңҶ죬ļȷʵ
Ϊȸ껺ؿ˵
ˣҶӴʱ䲢½֮нӴģҶǰҲڵжԵĵλϡ
û뵽Ȼûȥ
Ҷ˫ĿĴ˿˿ɱ⣬Ŀ˵
ǰȷʵûȥҲû뵽㾹ȻԽ뵽֮УҳΪԺյһ֮ʮԪ͵λﵽһԺյĵز
ȸһ˫˸
˵һ漣
֮УһĨʵϢ˸ȻҶĵλǿѾ⻨ȸļʺͼɵ
ǿģҲΪѾȥˣȴû뵽㲻ûҾȻǾˣ̶ֳܹȵǿټߣĵλʵҲǲ򵥵İɡ
Ҷ٩٩̸˵֮дһַɣʵϣ֮ȴһֲֿɱ⣬ǿɱһ޷ڸǵǿ󲨶
ȸһﵱ½ʱԼΪУڰиԼ鷳õаħȴɵǣԼնɱˡ
Ҷ쿴⻨ȸӦñǾˣ֮Ի½֮УҲΪֻ£ȫһ⡣
ŴεֻأŴεһδεĻָԼļ䣬һδεУÿһεѣҵʵаħҵıȴû뵽ȴ㣬ҸղٻаħȻûٻɹĳƺѾһµĵزˡ
ȸ֮д˿˿
ֻ˾ŴһﵱʵжôĿֲĵӣ˵Ϊ־޷󵽵ġ
սħ֮д˿˿ļɵȴûк£෴ǣս
ǰҾ͸úúõĿһµģȴʧˣʱѾоһЩԾȴҲû뵽һ㡣
ŻȸҶ찵ԵĽ䱸
˵ڽħ֮ܵ谭ԭΪԵʣڱ󵷹
Ҷ֮д˿˿⣬ؿ˵
Ҷ죬֪еˣڹڵϣҰ󣬷ҵıĻһܣ
ȸ֮дһ൱ǿҵţ·ǿʱĽҶնɱһǿҵ˾
𣿡
ҶĿѾһۣЦ˵
͡

ȸȻĳ֡
ɱǣ
쳹ʱһҲѸٵĳ֣һλȸǿ߲٣һ˵Ķ飬ÿһλڴĵزν൱Ŀ£ȻħеľӢǿߡ
ɱ
ʥħһȵĻӶȭ

ҶĽ̤߲һ߿衣
֮粻Ӱ쳹ϣÿһ޲𵴣
ϣ
һâ˸⻨ȸѸٵľۼŷĹ⻪ÿһɼһĶѻâǿƥޱȡ
䡭
Ҷȭֱϣһ㣬ȻķϣȻıһǿϢǿ
顭
ȸȻıһɾ޴˲İΧǿ֮Уҫǻȸǿ󣬵ڴʱȴҲ̲סɫ䡣
ôܣ
Ǿʧ
ҶǿԼâ飬Ҵŷ̬νǿֶûȸһʱľˡ
ʵѵ˵ǿ᣿
ҶϢȸ֪ˣһ֮סǿߣǻȸȴȻĲҶʱȥ༶ǿ߽а壬˵ǿߵʵһ²⣬ԼƣȴȻĲŲ༶ĲΡ
ڸղŵĳν֮УҶȻǿĺܣһϢͬһħһ㣬˿ĲϢĻᡣ
䡭
ĻӶȭ
֮֮֮֡ŭ
ߣÿһжǿٵأҵС
ȭͷԵˣ̬ļ£޷
ۡ
ȸֱӱҶһ߲Ӷ˳ȥ
һȭ棬Ҷתһͨŷ֮УһĿ֮һ㣬ײе˼£һѪ޷ƵĴӻȸ
һȭѣƤνǲпĺܡ
Ҷȴһ˿ϢĻᣬٴε̤㡭
䡭
ѣ֮ϣҶɣһ̤ǺӶĶڲһŵ޷ƵĴǿҵĹ⻪漴ݻΪһʵ
䡭
˸Ҷž޴Ĺ⻪һֻſٵذĲ̤
á
һֻ˸â·һϵ̫ɽһ㣬貵Ĺ̤գڰ

ȸĺ
ˣһ֪Լˣ͹ҶʵһĪֻ
ۡ
һѪֱӵһΣѪ֮дžӨĹ⻪ޱȣǾѪҶһֻŻûȫͷţǿϢȻѾûȸԼľѪ
쵰
ŭ⣬裬
Ѹٵںһ
ɵȭ
һŹɫȭӡȻĴӻȸͷųһȭ·ǿصһ㣬ȻĳҶĽӡϿʼȥ
䡭
ͬȻײһĿֲѾݻΪһķ籩ʼ֡
ۡ
һѪٴεȸѾ˿˿ļɵ͵ӡ
ˣ׵׵ˣȸʵڴ۷壬һֻѾ۷徳磬ȴȻû뵽ҶССĴСﾹȻԺԼսزϣȫһ浹ѹ
Ҷ죬
һһǿǷ׷׵ŭ
޷Ƶıŭ֮УǴһĨǺͽǡ
䡭
Ҷٴε̧ţǿƳ֡
ƱһֻϴŷǱѰǧļӳȻʶ

һֻŴ˵УŷĽһеһ㣬һȺ˳׵İΧ
顱
Ѫɽһ̣һǿ߱߷ɣѹΪƬ
飡
ȭͷٴεսҶ˫Ŀ񣬻˵һ㣬֮дȻ˲֮УѾ˲һԽԽԽԽˣƺƵӰһ֮Ĳ⡢ȭ⣬ε˻ȸ

һֲݳǻȸĻӶȥ
Ҷ졭ңҶˣħ֮еǿߣħеһƿأҵ˲Źġ
ֻأҲôһˡ
ҶﵭЦ֮ײе

Ȼģһߴݳ·ѹŭ⣬͵ͷŶһʱ䣬ԲķΧһߣò˼֡


1964 ֣
ǿߣ
µǿߣ
Ҷɫ΢΢һ䣬ʩչͨһȭӶ£˴ĿɳȥѪ

սħһ˵΢΢ĴϢţϾԿǿߣ൱ѵģڵʥħһҲϹҲʣȴ¶˿˿⣬ս˫ȻûȥԼϵơ
û°ɣ
Ҷĺȵ
ôģȻӵһֱֻˡ
ţħұۻػָţ֮ѾˬĹâ֮дűĺ⡣
ʵȻǸղƾħ̥еͿֲħҲˡ
оţħŭ֪ԼľԷǿᣬϻ¶һĨɵͻҡ
ⶼһȺʲô˰һһֶ̬θǲڵħӽֱһȺӻ⣬ʩչ˾
䡭
â˸貣ŷڵâıŷţ䵽˴֮УҫĹ⻪նΪ֮ʧɫն˲
ȻΪֵĻֿµϢһڻĹŰĿֲϢزϵĹѣൽǧķΧ޵УϳѹԨһޱ䡣
֣
ʥħﻺس˵
Ȼû˵ǰҶڵȴ޲¶˽䱸֮ɫ
ǿϢǲ༶ǿߣһǲ༶нǿߣ
ĸס
ȸ¶˾ϲɫĽе
䡭
䣬֮еһռ䣬ֽһ㣬Ѹٵһ˺ճҶ˵ǰ
һˣΪ׵һۣ⻪䣬ĪͨһͨĵӰǿ񣬴ŲƵϢ֡
˵Ϊһһλˣȥʮģòףζ̴棬һ׶Ŀݹǣһ֪ʲô޵ĹǺĿԿĶ˸¡
ԷŶݹǣȻòף촽ȴ൱ı˫һԿĳһ֮
ڶԷˣÿһλҲϢĸÿһλȻǲ༶½ʵ
ƵҶ죬΢΢һ󣬶ҲѸٵĹͨ˵ʱ׼ֺɱ
ˡ
սħסеĵزħЦ
ǰˡ
ţħĿԼţޣҲ֪Щʲô
ħʹˡ
긾˵ĳ֣ɫҲ̲סı仯ȴҲڰԵľϲ˲ϵ˺;ʹƨƨߵ˹ȥ˵
ߡ
ħʹϴ˿˿⣬ûлشȴݺݵһ漴ĿһۻȸȻ˵һ˿ŭ⣬ڿ˶Էϵ˿˿˺۵ʱȴҲ̲ס¶һĨ֮ɫ
ֹ𣿡
ȻܵȴһǿϢ֣·ʱĶƿ񷣬һһ㡣
ĸף
ȸ֮дί̬
λҶɡ
ħʹûԷٴεĳҶ쿴˹ȥͬ뵽һ㣬˳
Ҷĳ
ĿħʹҶ˵
ǰŮˣȻȥΪƽȣʵȴһ絶ĲһֱԼŮ߲ƣ
Ҷ֮һ֮ǿߣδ䣬ֶΣҲҪΪ֮岻ѡ
ħʹϴһĨ֮ɫ˵
ŮˣԹû
ҶаԵıѾģȴ¶˵Ĳ
ҶĳһǱȽϺõģȻèĶϲҵ鷳ȴɻĺܺãҶĳСǹҶĳˣʱĴ򲻹պҲǧٱķġ
ߡ
һħʹ϶ʱ¶˵ŭ⣬ҶĻݣںɳӰķԼĶӡ
ҲʱеģҪúõİһûаպãƱػᵼԼкܴΣյģһҲ֪ģлҲ˵ˣҶĶԭЩᣬҲӦѾ⿪ˣ˴ֵĶǳʶҪһϣܹӦ
Ҷ΢΢һû˵ȴѾ²⵽˶ԷҪ֮
ʵõаħǴһħԭҼഫ֮ҼѪѹƷʹãҵĶӣΪȴû뵽Եɺϣõˣħħʮ㣬һڵϣûǱѪѹƣƱػĪֻģˣϣܹħΣ
Ҷ˫Ŀ𣬷˵â˿˿ЦԷҪȫĳ֮УǴӿʼѾ֪һĿˡ
һħǱЩ֮õĻ»ޱߵɱ¾ģʱǿǻ޷صĺģҶĳţԸĽħˣҶĳ߻ڵĴ֮ҪѹһħҲûκѴġ
ˢ
ħʹɫȻı仯ޱޱ᣺
ô˵Ļǲ㻹ˣ
ħʹаԵķŭţȰҪԭ򲢷ǺҶ죬ȫΪҶڵϾʮԪ֮вǿߣһЩϵǿߵʱԭĴԪ֮УЩϵǿ֮УҲв༶Ĵڡ
ԼҶĻƱػӿµû˿ĺôȴû뵽Ҷ쾹Ȼ˵Ĳϵֵķŭ
Ȼ˵Ļ͵ˡ
ˢ
˵䣬ԷȻȵĳ֣еĶݹ͵ĻӶͬǿһָռȻı÷ʧɫ
ռ֮Уϵͷų˿˿âÿһ㹻ĴﵽһǿĲһĶ꣬ЩޱȵľˣѪĲҶɱ
ĸףɱСӣһﵱնɱҵĵھΪҿͳɾ˲Ĵڡ
һĻȸĽе
ڣҶߵĵʥħһѸٵĳ֣ͼһеֿȥ
ۡ

ֲȻ쳹
ǿɫ䣬ȫû뵽ҶѹȻﵽ˵ĵز˲˳ȥⲻ༶нǿߵǰһеֿƺõġ
͡
âȻҶԴħʹȻҪ㽫Ҷ쳹׵ĸɱ
ߡ
һȻĴ˳֮д˿˿ŭ⣬ʱ²һſŵǳѸٵȥԲǧ׵ķΧ֮Уһе׵ѹ
ôĵӣķΧ֮УȻҲ˵ķѡ֣ҿ
֮УޱߵɱͿɲŭȼա
󻹻˭֮ҶаԵһϲ
ȫû뵽ʱ֡
ۡ
ħʹɫ䣬һ֮˲漴ķ·һȭӿһ㣬ӣĴ£ɱʹ̲סһѪ


1965 ֶ
˭
ѪղŻԵޱȵħʹʱȴǿеĻѪ䣬¶ǿҵ𺳺Ļߣŭĺ
ʵȻڸղűĻȥҪôɲʵſ
޷ޱȡ
ػħʹߵļˣҲ¶˾֮ɫȫû뵽һĴڣھȻɵĻ˳ȥ
ҵĵϣ㻹˭ҿǻζ˰ɡ
öٴεĳ֣һǿɷ
ž
һǶݺݵسħʹϣǿǿֲʱħʹϺݺݵ¡һѪѸٵĴ˳
㡭󣡡
ͻȻ֮䣬ħʹԹ¶˿־ɫĺ
ĵ̣ܹȵ̶ȵˣҲֻһǱ
ߣħԽķˣ֪ǲǸúõ߶һ£
֮д˿˿ɷ˿ûв̬൱棬ʵȻҲǿʵʱ
ߡĶԹûнħǿ߱͵ϮȴٴεĽаңΪ𣿡
ħʹ¶Թ֮ɫĺ
䡭
һɲȻľۼǿֲϢ趯ţ˲ĵΪһӰ
纮˪˸Ϊ֮Ķ֮еĺâȴļµϢ޷ڸǵǿϢ
ɱ⣬ۺİԵֱ֮Ҫ˵ѹ飬ѹΪ촷һ㡣
һӰ󻹻˭
ˢ
ħʹһֵ˲䣬̲ס˵ӰǶεвǵ֮ǿֲ̲סĵ
ȸһ޵ĿҶ죬ΪԼĸ׳֮ͻ൱׽ģȴû뵽ȻҶģ
ǻĻȸ˫Ŀ̲סĲһ˿ȵϢҶ죬ٿһ뷨С
ߡʲô󣬿ǺҶ카һ𣡡
󵨣
죡
Ŀ
һԭ㺮˪ʱ䵽˼£ĺˡ
ħʹҲ˾ޱ䣬޲õĽ׳նһƵҲȻķӦ˹ϴžֵɫ޲õĸԼӣԼ뷨ǿңȴҲʱ˵
ҿǵˡ
˸˿˿ĺâǧ׵ĳ̶ȣһ㣬񽣳ʣ죬Ϣת޷ĿֲⲼ졣
ˢ
ոյ£Ȼ˻ȸߣ΢㲻մŮһ㡭
ﵽ㾳磬һһʽĪ̲ž춯صҪʽǿֲѹƺͿɲٶϾͿļ£Ǵﵽ˲༶Ͻ׵ľ֮һһʽǷǱѰĿֲͨĹ켣ÿһεĳ֣Ƽ򵥣ʵȴҲ̲ŷǱѰΰ
ĸףң
оԼǰһ֣ǻȸڵĵĺг
㲻Ҫ̫
ħʹȫĶ֣Ȼֻн׺Ͻ׵Ĳ࣬ȴҲֻ֮ǻȸĺг֮ŷӦеĶݹѸٵ趯ĺۼǿգͬǿ֮ϵǳһ㣬ѸٵİΧΧ
ơ
һ㣬ʱǲǳȴͬһ㣬ľ𣬶һ⻪˸ת˲ʱ䣬ⷱǵ̬Ĵƻɢ֮Уһħʹȴ׻һ㣬֮У˳ȥ
ۡ
һڽɫѪѪ֮д޷ڸǵǿϢǿߵһѪԿϵҩһմȾһ˿ô޷ġ
ħʹˡ
ħʹɳȥ֮Ҳ̲ס¶һĨĲһеĺУһ̣һֻȴѾŻȸ˹ȥֻҪڹȥһʱ֮⻨ȸͻ᳹׵ɢ
󡭡㲻Ҫ̫ˣǵնɱ˻ȸǾͽħݵľ棡
һͻȻĺ
ԭһֱħʹߣʵڲ༶½׵ΪϣҲһǿĲ༶ǿߣɲĺܡ
Էʱûȸһ˿ϣҲ漴Ĵе
ǵģҵĸħʹеһˣɱң㽫쳹׵˺ˣǺãħǿ߽֣ǽΪħŭķй֮ء
ȸĻȻ˿˿вȴҲûе
в𣿡
ǰϹ˿˿Цµˣ֪ǰŮ˵Ŀ֮ȸĺҪռŮˡ
ʵ̫ˣΪ֮Ķһֽ뷨
ⲢΪȸɫȫеһԱһȻ֮ȻȻûпıֳǵ΢΢ͷųĲȴҲǿ߿Ե˵ġ
в̸вֻҪ㶯Ҷһ£ҿԺܸĸ㣬㽫һƬɱ¾֮С
һ˿Ц⣬Դ촽ģ˵Ĳ˼飬ȴȻһ䣬ĻӶ֣˲ѵһǺӡ
䡭
΢΢Ӷ־Ȼ˲˺Ѻ˵ϣǿϢͿɲʱħǿ

ߵĺȫû뵽ԼȻôĵù˭ǿǸ߸ϵǿߣϵĲ༶ǿߣȻֻ½ףȴҲСﰡҶԿ༶½׵ǿǺķ˶ٵֶΰ
顭
Ѫɣ˿˿Ѫ䵽ܣǳ䣬ǿ߾ӳˡ
ǿߣһһʽ֣ȥ򵥣ʵȴ̲ޱȵĪһǴĹ켣޷ֿ޷ȥӭϣһ˿ɹĻᶼУһ֮еʯһ㣬չ֣ȴֺϢ˷ʤ
󣡡
ħʹһֱһǿߣµǿߣεܹסģޱȵǿᣬǹΪħ֮֮ϵǿڣΪڴ
ž
ٶֱסһڵеĲ༶ǿߣһĨ⣬̬֮Уһ޷ֿɱ⡣
ꡭ
ٴεһһ༶ǿ߱նɱˡ
༶ǿߣ·ǷƵһ㣬ֱӵıѹȥ
ˣƿأӵϵȴҲˣ
ħʹʱݴ䣬ԭϲһĺۼԹޱȵĺ
ߡ
ٴζһΣ貵Ĺ⻪ͬһһ㣬٣˼䣬ɱ֮УֱֲӵĳѾ״סĻȸϮɱȥ

ĲҽʱĴ˳
ħʹ׵ķˣеǿݹǻһƬǺӣŶ֮УЩǺٴεݻһޣڲһſŵǳֱӵıˣȻħʹѾҪƴˡ
֪Ķ
Ц
漴ĳֿ֣ƮƮĳ֣ȴЯϵݺݵسħʹĶݹǽɱȥ
˰ɣ
һε˳ȴҲޱ䣬һĲƺʲô˼һ㡭


1966 ѪսѪ
ɣɣ
ħʹȫûֹͣԼеĶ޷ڸǵԹ֮ȻĽԼ˼£һӰʱΪʵˣԲǧķΧ֮УһеĴ޲ƿ
һ̣޺ɱģ˹ȥ
ֶΣʱҶаԵĴѣʵ̫ôĲҪˣҪģûôҪģһڳ֮Σ
ħʹס֣
Ǹٴεĳֻ֣һͷųһŭ⣬κΣʱħʹѾȫܿˣϵɱ⣬еķߺޣ޷ڸǵı
ߡ
һߴһӰѸٵĳ֣Էֵޱȹ죬·գ֮ʹˣƺǶԷ͸һ㣬ͻأĳ֣ѸٵĻųۡ
顭
䡭
һ죬վȻȫһɬһ̣޵Ӱ˲Ļޣ׵ɢˡ
һɫ۵ӣԷȥʮµģߴƲСӣӢϹһ˿޵Ц⣬ǴʱЦȴ൱Ĳԣȫıһŭ𽥵Ĵ档
ŵŵš
ħʹԷĳۻӶͬǿնڳԼѹȥһ㣬˲Լ屻ǿеĴ˳ȥ
ȴžͳ޵ɫ
ϣô
ϣ
ƺҶ΢ٴεĿ󣬴ʱĶԷ˸˿˿⣬촽΢΢ƺлҪ˵ҲҶѾǰӵһĨ²⡣
þòˡ
ӵϴһ˿ЦƺЩСĶ˵
ô簡˶۸ˣô
ƺǴ˿˿ľӨ⻪ԵҪˮˣȴǿеסˡ

ΪεĽ
Ҫұҵĺû֮󣬱ѾˣѾˣ
Ϲŷŭı飬ĺ̬ģ
ǡ뿪
ƺǲħʹﻺؿ˵
СӴҵĴ
һĻȸС˵ͼΪԼ׽ס˫Ŀ΢΢ĿһҶ죬ǵҶϣǸڱһöеС֮˫Ŀȴݺݵ΢΢һ𣬻سŻȸȥ
ˢ
Ȼֻһ񣬵Ҷȴ˲ĸоˣ˲ƴ䣬ͬһѵĿһ㣬ϵĲıǿϢļ£Ҷ춼оԼϷĳһǿѪ֮ǿеĵֿǿơ
ߣ뿪
ۼڷıǣ涼ڹѣǿղϵҡţĩһ̬һħʹɫ䣬ʱԼĶͷҲصĿʼ
⡭ǡ
ƺûע⵽һ˵뿪˵ʱһжѾȥˣֻǿҶϵСףǶţƺʲôҪ˵ȴֲ˵
ߣ
ûһҶ˵
Ҷ죬߰ɣǴףҪúõĴһ£Էܹ÷Ȼ⻨ȸѪ֮ڶԴã㲻ɴˡ
ǣл֡
ҶȻ֪ԼϽĹȻҲ漴ıҪ뿪
վס
ͻȻĺȵ
һǿٴεľ
ĺǿ£൱Ŀ£Ǹһϵ̬Ҫѹĵزһ㡣
ҶһŭȻ֪һܱС׵ĸˣǶԷֶȴҶΪģһһ֮УʱһǿϢ
ϣ
ǹ죬սѪڿһ޴Ӱֳ
ս
ֳֳǹսȻվҶͷϣͬһһ㣬ŭսս˫
ɱ
žž
˿񱩵ĳȻֻϵĽ棬ҺǶݣȴѾһǿƻֻת˲ѣһ˲䣬ʥħѾվҶߡ
ĵֿסǿơ
սѪû뵽ϵѪȻطţ²ĲӦս֧Ѫ˵͵ʶҹս⣬ҲѪˣ
ƺǶҶ챳һսĻޱȾȣ̲סĸ̾Ҳ˵ɫҲû뵽Ҷ쾹Ȼӵ˵Ѫ
Ҷҹʮ޲˫˫һۣҹʮҲӵҹսѪͳҹʮȴûٻսĻƺҹս֮ҲֻҶһܹǿеĽսѪͳӵ쾡¡
Сһ
ϴֺõɫСף˵
ղŵһھһԵūţǱֺõ̬Ҫжôļ
һ仯찡
Ҷ޲˷ۣԵıӵ
ⲻĺӣҺͱһġ
˵
ң
鶼ܣεܹܣ϶ʱٴΰԵ
ҶôСУô
֮д˿˿Ļ磬Ľ߳
ֻӶҶһǾǶµ״̬£ݺݵؾסĶ䡣
ౡ
С൱µĿ˷ܵĽ
ϣӴʹʹҲˣҲ˰
һʱ䣬˫Ȼǰ
ԵûжٵԹޣЩֹһεҹκηŭ֮µȴܶСױҵˣȻҲ˴룬ԭԹҲɢ
һ֮ȻԹûȫʧȴҲûиȻСٴεıС׵ϲϵĸţ˫Ŀšѡӣ޲õĽСһȥһ㣺
ȻҵĺӣȻҵĺӰƨɣβͣУŴҵİ
ۣʵҶ켸̲סӿһĺߣѾģܸ㲻
ߡ
ˬһеԹȴԽԽ١
ôʱˣԹʵҪ£СȴûҵҲŲ¡
ǰ˺ܶ࿴һ֮ˣѵսʲô֮𣿡
Ҷ̲סĶԼսһĨ档
Ͼսֹһ˿̫ʮѪҲ˵ԼϵѪ˵ȴսѪԼ֮еʲôµѪҶԽĺ
Ѫϸ˵һֹϹϵѪսѪ
ؿ˵
ʲô˼
ԼѪ⣬Ҷ첻Ҵ⣬
Ⱑ˵ףȴҲЩ鷳
ž
ûĶһԴһƣĺߵ
˵˻
õһħƿأȻ˵Ǵȥ϶һľκ˵ģίסԼԴСֹ
ұͲ࣬˵ʲô˻


1967 ֮ǣ
Ѫǲ򵥰Ӧ֪Ǿ֮һԪɣ
ıίһֻ֮˰ܣ漴һĿ˵
ǵģ򣡡
ž
һָͬĵ˵ͷ
ط൱Ŀ£ŰƿغάϵתעԼѪϾϵԼ己ٺǿѪĴУ˵Ѫ˵ޱҪģսѪҲˣ֮УһΪսѪսѪҲǲΪһǺܿƵģԷʵȻǿ󣬿ϧ⴫еȴΪµģѪϵĴи˰
˵ʱƺ¶һĨֻЦݡ
һñ겻ȥᰡ̫ˡ
ѾһЦݣҶ첻޶
սѪȻ٣˸ĶǷ֮ǵڣգǲȥйǿֲ˳űǵ˵ǲòȥйԼڵĿκΰǲ٣ĺȴٵĿǶ겻һãںܾǰһţһΪҹսʣһ˲õļһﰡ뿪ѡһĴԪȥԼѪһΰĹ̰˭Ҳ뵽һﾹȻԼĺˣκΰЩˣܹ̳ѪȴٵĿһڸδسһ˼̳У
ôͣ
Ҷ¶һĨ֮ɫȻ˵֪νսѪѱ̳УǶȻû뵽Ȼѵز
ȷʵܵͣҹսҲһǿߣȻɽԼѪôԶҴĻӦҲֻһ֧˲֪ٲε֧ϵѪͳǷ̰֧ϵѪͳȻԴﵽزֻҪ뵽֮սļ彫ĿصģȻսѪ٣ȴԵƥÿһϵľʵڵ˲
¶һĨ֮̾ɫ˵
ڽһ֮ҶҲѡ뿪⵹ȥˣǶ÷ִ磬߿ѾܾûмˣʱȻҪкܶҪԼĴҲᵱݵġ
һ϶ʥĽ֮߳Ϊһųǣ
ϽӲ񷣬ģ
ҫ֮ϵı˸ϹâѾԽʹظ
֮ǣ
ǰһУҶ΢΢¶һĨ̾
ʼ֮أҲΧĵطط˸ŹϢ
ӵ꾹Ȼ֪֮ǵĿ֮۵ļ֮ȴΪˣǺҹҩҲǹ˼ǿ󣬷ûӵͿԽˡ
֮ǵҲ˵
¶һĨ֮ɫ˵
ǰȷʵһ˲õĵط
˵ħЦֹĵͷ
ڵĵطܹʲô˵ġ
һǿ߿ڣһǿʥħʮǿߵһλԷıһű˶֮ǵ񽣡
֮ŷϢ
ƺǶûжٵĺøа
Ҷ̲סĿʵ
ǵģ൱ûкøУ
ʥħص˵ͷ
Ȼ֮Ϊ֮ǣȴҲֻǹԵֶѣ֮أʵϹУ֮ǣǹϵģߣ˵֮֮мĳ֣ϵЩųˣһȺϿȥ˾ӣʵȴǲµңĺҲȻǿɼһˡ
Ҷĵ˵ͷ
Щųبʱڣ̫ʱڵĩڱ㳹׵ʧˣǵ˽⣬ҶҲǲġ
ҶĿƷһۣ¶һĨЦݣЦݵʱƷɫ䣬¶˽䱸ɫƷǼǵ൱ҶԼ¶ЦݵʱƺԼ˴ù
ƺǵǸϣͼΰڰ֪֪֮ԼڵĴ֮أ͢ƿ֮󣬻ηӦ
ߡ
ҶûƷǲģٵǰν֮εǿ󣬵ԼҲẦµģֻһΧҶԼȥԷ㶨ġ
Ҫ
ƷܿĴ˳Ľ˲
䡭
̤һ˲֮䣬ҶоˣΧǺεȵĿֲ򵥵˵һǹ֮ΪĹ֮
ɢҫıʣһ޴Ĺ֮лطš
ȻֻΧȴҲﵽһ˼ľ룬ΧķΧǹޱȣ˵ⵥ֮ǾҪ򱶵ĵز
ΰĴڵͼռҵһλԷʵǲ༶Ϊ֪ھ֮ҲδصĻẦ¶Էġ
һΣҶ첻鷳ҪΪѰҵӵټ˵ȻĲѡȥͻģҾһΧȴҲԲ򵥣ԶԶĲǰȥġ
䡭
ٴεǰ֧УţħһȴѾʼıĹ֮һֿµƻǵ޺ħޣ޷ȥӦŨĹ֮
ҰΪһʱͷźɫϾǵͷȮѪǰȫĶ
ȥһ°ɡ
ҶֵĻӶһ͵˵֮С
µҲֻƷҹʮ졣
Ʒ¶ޱȵı飬̰Լ촽˫Ŀ𣬸оԴԴϵĹ֮ԼоҪôжôԵĻĸоƷһҪ롢ĳ嶯
ȫĲ˽⣬ҾӦҸѯһ¡
ҹʮȵ˵
ȷʵҪҸ˺úõĽһģĻǵĳ̶ȿ»粽еġ
֮ϣһİ֮Ѿɿľۼй񻢣й񽫡
ЩӰڲϵ֣ȥȻǼٵģʵԵĿֲȴļµĺܡ
ߣȥ
֮һĳǳɵģϹһ޴ĳУҶ첻ֵı¶ҪԼĿģǾԵľ͵Ҫһ
͡
˵ٶȺܿ죬ʱһС͵ĹųǳҶǰ
һų൱ĹӣеĹ֮Ȼ磬ȴޱǿ٣ЩˣͼҲǴ̫žΪڴǿߣν洦ɼҲ㲻̫ʣҶ췢֣ǿ֮У󲿷ֵĶֻڴ£֮ıˡ


1968 
ˢ
ҶĽǿѹѸٵĽɹȥҷƷҹʮԺ֮С
ӣ߱ٵյԼҪš
ߡ
ҶٴεĿڣһеãֻΪӶ䣬ĿĴﵽˣȻҲܹ
䡭
ϵһתȻ˵󲿷ֶǹ֮ȴҲȫˣ׵֮޵ȵȵǿ߻еġ
ҹʮ첻ҪȥأҶ죬ӵŴ֮֮ޱȵ£תΪ֮ҲǱȽɵġ
ҶҹʮȴȫƷΪס
Ƚϣǲ۲۵Ĺߡ
֮֮лǱȽͳġ

ƷǾϲ˼¡
Ϊıǣܿ絽˴Ϊ֮С
ҹʮҲһȰһȥŬΪȴ൱ǿ󣬶ҽٶȱκεһ˶ѷɫεĲ۲
Ϊ֮ںһ໥ͨԵʣ˿һģҲ²ûдĻڵϵǸΰڣ֮еĵλͣҴ˶Էһ󲿷ֵע뵽ƷڣҲһõ֮ǵϿɣԴﵽڵΪҲʺ
֮֮ǡǡ
һĳвϵıԽҶˣԽԽоֲ;ˣ֮ǵĿ֮ǿ˺ֹǧ򱶰
ֱɾϵʥأ
ܿ죬һ޴Ĺųǳǵǰ
ϼҫ£
һ޴Ĺųǣ·ڼӳһģ˿˿ǿϢڴ֮ϣģ໥ӣһΡεӰųǵΧޱߵĿֲ࣬ϵĹ֮ԭӵĳ
ǵõļ䣬֮ǵĺ֮أȻΰĺܣɲĺܣ
Ҷﻺؿ˵
ڣһӰϵķŭĹ֮Ѹٵĵ
ЩνһǸӵĸߵȣӵĿ£ǿǹ񣬶ЩֻһȺԳΪĴڣһȼġ
֮ǼȻһ֣Ҳ˵Ӧһϵġ
վסʲôˣ
ǻվ۲ʱͻȻһ˳
֮дſµϢתԼĿʼݻΪ˵ĹìʱľҪƿһһ㡣
һˣŹ֮ףֳֹǹǵĳ
Ҷҹʮû˵ֻǶƷ󣬶Ʒ϶ʱ¶һĨŭɫ
ž
һǶֱ˦˹ȥ
ϹĹˣôĵӣ÷ư
Ϊ׵һ˱Ʒһðǡ
˵ΪڴľϣƷڵΪȻڴľ磬٣ȴҲԲǶԷĶ֡
ǾʵȴսʿʵʵһƣöԷ޷ֿȥ
㡭
սʿŤ޷ŵĿƷɫɱ֡
㾹Ȼҵү
ƷĽȻĳ˵Ĺ֮ԼԿһӰӣѸٵĻΪʹģ
壿
֮ԭҪƷѵһٵսʿʱή
ģʲô飿Ҫɱ𣿡
ƷĺǺںڵϴŷŭţŰ裬ǾӵŰ裬ԷǲҶƷô
Ҷõļ֮У֮ƿأֱϵᣬƷʩչЩ͢ȻʸģҲƷհԭ
ˣС˲ңң
һսʿ¶˾ɫĽ
Ҫǣ
Ʒһĺ
ǡÿÿ
սʿϹϾ·
Ʒһ˵뿪һλսʿ̲ס¶ͷŭɫ
壬ţưĻɫһƾͿ
սʿĺ
˰ɣʵ˵ȷʵղŸȥˣղž͸ֱӵ
ΧͬǷ׷׵ĴЦ
ǰƿأ뷨Ҳֻѡ
ʵǿĺܣһﲻʵҲ̫ͼЩɣ
սʿЩƣ̲ס˵
˰ɣؼ޷ȥȥΪм˿ȥֱֻϵѪſʸġ
Щ˵Ȼ޷ӳҶߵĶ䣬ƷһЦ
Ҷ٣ҾȻѪͳҾ֪ҵ
Ͻߡ
ҶûıѾһۣݺݵ˵
Ҷ٣ӵȻ²طҲСһȥѰң¾ϰ꣬ҲδؿҵԷġ
Ʒ̲סüѰҺʡ
ȷʵˣʲôƻȻ뵽֮ǣȴҲ޼ɵģǿ߿ǲٵġ
ҹʮҲ΢΢Ŀ˵
кӵ꣬겻ΪҪģʧȥһΪؼģȴĸоӵȥ·Ҹоˣӵų֮С
Ҷǿ϶˵
ǾͺðˣֱӵĽųǵڲͺˡ
Ʒ˿˵
ǺܿȴҶҹʮһֿ׳հˡ
㻹װ壬װˣƭƭЩССսʿҲͰˣ㵱Ϊ嶼ǰ׳Ҹұ֤ǽȥ֮󣬲Ҫãͻᱻϳðƻ
ҹʮû˵
ҲҶһ˻ʱųǵڲڳһŭ

޴ϵĹ֮໥Ħ֮ı
һ޴Ĺ֮У⹬ڲ
һһŹϣԷ˫ĿϾϢȻֻȴ·͹ںһҫĿĺܡ
һˣȻվţȴڲϵĲռڲһڵֿŶԷѹơ
ҵĻش𣿰ǸԪ֮й۲죬ϵȥչҼʱˣ㾹Ȼ˵ķ˸Ūˣ֪ǸطҪԣҷѾ˶˼ѰҵǸԪǺķľŽãһ㾹ȻôĶң
Ӵĺ
һħߣݺݵس˳ȥӵĳѪɽ
磬ȫһⰡҲģ˭֪ﾹȻһǿߣҴֲҵʵȻ޷ѹһһ
ΪӲѪϵʣȴ˿ĻָģѪʡ


1969 ƣ
ЩûõķϻҲҪ˵ˣ㲻Ҫˣ˭ȹģһˣҳ֣¾ͱĸˣԭһҪúõڴеΪڿһ̲࣬ûжٵô
һɫʱĴ䣬ԼĴȻԼޱȵĺǲò˵ʵǿߵķʧȥ˴ıӻԼ군ˡ
ž
ɫ䣬͵Ĺ˵ϣİ
ңҰôһֱӻң㲻ȥӻˣҸô죿ǰ˾Ի۸Ҹģ磬ٸһλᣬ㣬ٸһᣡ
ӵ˫Ŀ˿˿âƺ˼ʲô
ߡ
Լȥһӵʱ䣬ĺһ
ڸҹȥ
һʱٴ⣬ȻûпԭԼȴ֪ԼһǱסˡ
ĵǼһ϶ھģûȻǿֻһССΪʲôȴҷѾ˼ȥﳹ׵ƿѵ˵ʲôµĶɣ
а˼ţȴҲ߶߳
ԽıԼΪ壬λȴ׸ڳ˿ԼϵĴڣ֮Уλȴ޲Σĳָ˾ͿԼԲ˶ߡ
뵽Լܵ裬Խķŭ
磿ƨĴ磬ǽҵūҸﻹһ˿Ѫ֡
ԽԽЩĽŲҲʼӿ졣
һӰȻĿ񱼳ʮס
ǿϢ˳Χ˲ϵȥעţڿ˶ԷϵĲ֮ȴѡ˷ɿ˱ܣȻѾ
Ҷһ˴ʱһҾ¥ס£ΪܹȡӵϢҶѡʼ߶ȥѰҡ
ޱǿԽһ£ܿ죬ⷽԲķΧ֮УһеһжʼҶ
ҶʵȻؿķʽ㿪Χǿߡ
䡭
һʥĹâ˸˳һʮʹҶ֮ǰ
ʮʹϢǿʥеϢƵӰۼΧĹ֮ӰػڵĻʹ֮С
ÿµϢ
Ҷ˫ĿâаԵһ
һӰȥƺûжٵʶǿߵӰȴǿĲҶĸоǰӰ·һϵһ㣬ԼǰһԷͻͷųԼ˲Ϯɱ
ǿ֮ģôӴ֮еöôɲҶ޷󵽣ĹԼǲҪҪȥˣǾʱһǿĲȴҶע⣬һӰɿĴΧ֮гһ·ӴĲ
ǲ༶ǿߵϢ
Ȼֻв༶½׵ʵϣ֮ȴǲ׵ģһȴҲҶҪԭҶע£ԷӰ𽥿ʼһȥڶʮģꡣ
صķ˸ޱ󣬹ͨ񷣬ʱĶѹǧ
ϢϸϸĿ˶ԷһۣҶɫ΢΢һ䣬Ѹٵʧָ˶ƿء
Ȼһû뵽̤Ьٴȫѹһƺһжð˲١
ҶаԵЦ
Ҷ٣ôˣһֱվΪҶ커Ʒ̲סʵ
㻹ǵõڵϣҪԼһע뵽𣿡
Ҷ컺Ŀ˵
ǸΰĴڣ
Ʒ¶˼ɵ֮ɫȥɵѾʧȥʶҶ֣Ҫ군ˡ
뵽ϻŮȴԼȥѾľҪռΰƷүѾļֱ
ŭʱȼ
ҶѵҵƷүҪָ
ҹʮһߣƷЩϰˣҶ΢΢֣԰һڸȥɣ
ˡ
ٻԼĹȨȣƷϴʥ⻪ҫԣȻĴ֡
Ҳ֪һôôǿ󣬾ȻŲ༶ΪȻֻ½׵ΪȴҲ򵥰סƷôߣƷһĽӲ
갡༶ǿ߰ƷڹΪΪȴҲȻʱһĶְ༶ǿһָͿεġ
ٺٺ١ҶٶѾӦҲûкøУôõĻỹøɡ
ƷɿջԼĹȨȣһЦ
С
Ҷҹʮıһ
ӡ
ҶƷͻȻԸߵҲ𽥵Խﲻϵֹš
͡
۵糸ϻһɫҫһ㣬棬֮أ˲һƬ
й
Ҫϵȥй
ʵȻǿ󣬹Ϊ༶½׾磬ʵȴҲȻԼЩֵǵע⣬ֻڱڿΪʵǿ
ԼĸܵܵУܶĶڲ༶н׵ĳ̶ȣеڲ༶½׵زȴҲԼҪǿĺܣԼոս뵽½ײŶã
ģĻ쵰Ȼ˵ңǵĹ𣿡
ĺ
ˡ
һȻʱ֣һһҫϢϢޱ·ǹͨ˲һ㣬ͷޱߵѹ

оһ˿֮Ȼһ䣬ǵúֲǵķȥϵǸһ֮ʱɢġ
Ȼ΢ȴɼǵ൱
ô£ѲһǸΪС֮֮ǣ뷨Ժ֮һţȴܿıѹӰ˸Ȼһʵâһ㣬ѸٵĻ˲񷣬ת˲ʧʮ֮⡭
Ҷ٣ûа
Ʒ֮жſǻˣȻʵڽĺܴ󣬵ȴҲܹӻӻ˵ڣһδεĶգϵشţÿһεĴ򶼻ͷųԼȫ
Ȼ˵˵㲻ʲôǴӿʼΪֹƷѾԼͷˡ
̶ֳȣ˵һ޴ս
䡭
⻪ɢѸٵķһӰ̤񷣬һ㣬Ȼĳ˲֮ϡ
ˡ
ҶݹʱƷѾ¶˾Ĺâ
ѾĲƷүϵҮͻɣâɢļ̬ƷжŽе
䡭


1970 ɱ
޾ҫ˸ʹӰڷɿɢţʥַĲо˼¡
ƷĳΪǿңǿĲϢǺԼϵۡҮͻŻֵĲ
࣬Ǵźޱߵѹ˲ϵĤ̬
Ȼ㡭
ɣϴ˿˿⿴Ʒȫû뵽ԷȻȻڿʼʱҲһĲ²⣬ǵĿƷĳԺе𶯻൱ǿҵġ
ʲôط
ϵ֮ǣΪӽĵط֮߳ΪΧ֮ء
ȻֻΧʵȴɲСģ֮ǵƿǣѧϵ
Ʒ˭һֻһС΢СһСӵС
С޷˵ע⣬ǱˣҲע⵽ġ
ƷӦڵϵģھȻϵϢȻ˴Ĳֱ˾ޱȰ
ôܣ
һεܹôľ֮ǣѾôģ
ϡ
ٴεĺȵ
Үͻϵ۰ȻҲ̫Ƿ˵ɣƷһĿﲻϵֹš
ν뵽ģ˵
ƻӶâ貣ϱϵޱߵϢᣬѸٵĳƷ׷Ѱȥ
һѾƷֻҪ˲䣬ͿԽƷס
Ʒվһƺǿɵһ㣬ҲԽˣһССϣȻԽ߹֮ǣֱ¡
Ҷٰ㻹ְٲ֣ҾҪˡ
ƷдĽеͬʱԵı
꣬һ༶ǿߣΪһССĴޣп𣿡
䡭
¡ѸٵƿһӰһ޴Ĺ֣˲ĳճȥ

ǿľ£ҵһ㣬޷ݵĿֲһӰӵϳת˲֮Ļ°͡

ǿҵʹ̲סĲҽҲݺݵشɳȥ
꣡
ëȻ֣˵ڲ·Լһ㣬ǿ֮£һɽñ顣
ȴȻĳѴҫ⻷ȭͷϴ󲿷ֵٵ谭ȥ
أ
һһǬĽ²ϵ̤㣬ÿһε̤㶼Ǭһ
ۡ
һѪ̤߲֮󣬺ݺݵ˳ҲȻͣϴŷɫ·һħһ㣬ԭɫ˫ʱҪɫˡ
гѪǿ˿һ۶ò
ˡ
ռ΢΢һһӰһӰ·һëһ㣬ҡ׷΢΢Ʈһɺ˸ž˵Ĺ⻪
㡭Ȼ㣡
ǰˣĺ
˵ģζǣһһﵱԼɥʧԼԵϵƿȨΪ֮ѺԼһ
ҡ
Ҷ쵭Ц
ȴڰԵĳԾղŵҶȻ̫ļ٣ûȫʩչԼǾ͸ղŵһȭѰĲ༶ǿҲޣǰһﾹȻֻȴû˿ļ󣬴˵ΪҶٴһΡ
û뵽û뵽
ͻȻЦϵı䣺
û뵽㾹ȻܹزҾ֪һֻϣε죬Ҫ֮ǣȫܵģڱ
Ҷû˵ֻǻתԼͨһΣԼĵýһѹĻ룬ǶԼļƻҲĪ谭ġ
ҶƾŴΪǲ༶ǿ߶ԿڵΪľ磬ƽ⿪˶ٶΣǧļӳ֣㹻һ䡣
ǣ·㲻ߣ֮У֮ǣǾĵȥɣ
뵽Լ裬뵽Լֲ뵽Ҷ컵Լĺ£Щ֯һȻı˳
䡭
һֻ֮ȻʩչѸٵĿԿһ޴ĴʹӰıչ
ЩӰչԼֳŹ񽣻߹ìϵĻӶͷųޱҪѹһ㡣
ŭʩչĽɱ˲Ϣ֮ΧסҶ
ȣ
һĺҶﱬһʱһ޴ĻҲı

䡭
һֱֻֻڻӶÿһζɽӵƣϵϢΪ֮񣬷·ǿɽһ֮ȻĽһӰ˲ѵ
顭
ҶٴλӶһȭ־쳹ֲ˲ɢȥޱߵȭӡʼϱúȻٵĻȻɢԭء
˫Ŀ˿˿âϴ޷ŵɫҶ죬ҶȻǿ󣬵ֻԼһֶѣ㲻ԼѹҶһֻһ򵥡
Ҷ첻ƿԼǻз֮
һôô٣ѵ˵˵ûзֵİŽز𣿡
аԵ˼ţڵٴεĻۡ
˫ͬһ㣬ȻĻӶ˫ֺʮת˲֮䣬һӡǿʼ˫֮л
Ͽֲʱı˼£޷ڸǵȻĻ˻ɽ緢Ŀֲ̬
Сӣ㾹ȻС㣬ǲ༶ǿ󵽵ģȥɡ
ϡ
һʥӳâһ㣬˹ʥһ㣬Ҷɱȥ
ͼܼ򵥣ҪҶնɱ
Ҷȴڴʱһ˿⣬һ˿һӺͺ⡣
͡
Ȼ֮䣬Ҷһٶ֮쳬󣬾Ȼں֮ǰ

ԦʥӣҲ漴ĿʼҶȥ
֮ì򣡡
һȻ쳹ߵ֮дһ˿ɱ⣬ޱɱ⡣
á
˫ĿһԲǿһɫìȻԼҲһĽӲһ̸ӿֲȴˡ
Լ壬Уȫʧˣ
͡
֮
ҶӶѧһȭɱŭǧļӳ˲ƿ˶ԷķǺӴ֧飬һʹָ˲˳һֳ˯ĸоҲ֮֡


1971 ٣
㡭ôôǿ󣿣
Ҷ죬޷ŵĽ
̫ǿ󣬶̫С
Ҷ쵭ĿŶԷƻذͷϣ˲µչһϵ£ת˲ѣѾԷȥ
һ൱ǿ󣬴˿˿Ĺⲻ˸ǾҶɵԼȴɿԸоһ־˵ķڲϵĿ
ѹ
ڵӰŭǿѹ̫ɽѹ˲ĽķޣҶҲѸٵĽӡ͵Ľӵ˵֮С
ȻͺڰǵľѪȴǵΪϲģӦñν˵Եʰɡ
ÿ¡
ҹʮƷվһԾĿҶ졣
ղ˸ûа취ҶĺĶһգ۵ʱȴѾˣ˵ֶȻǱѰľˡ
̫ǿˣ̫ˣҵͻ֮ìҪ㶨˻úķѺܴһҪƴ뿪Ҳδǲܵ顣
򵥵˵ҶڹΪΪźͲ༶½ǿһսȴҲûоԵİտԽԷնɱϾ༶ǿǶϹＶ˼⾭ȫ󵽵ġ
һˣԼûôɺ׵ġ
û뵽ҲһƵļһ
Ҷ̲סֹҲ΢΢һܿ죬һŽɫۣ˫ĿŽâĿƷߵǰ
ò˵ӽƷүҪôһ㣬ϵ۰ҮͻһﾹȻǱ𰡡
ƷޱȵҶϸţ̬һЦݣҶ̲סһ⣬ҲûıֱӵĽһ߷˳ȥ
Ҫϵ۰ǻʵϵ۰Ǵϵ۵ĵһ̻ʣҶ㾹Ȼôҡ
Ĳҽݵ൱ԶһܣҶ˵
ҵøϽ뿪ôʱ䣬ƻҲ൱ҵģܻܿ˵עģǻǴڵɣһҵõж
ҹʮص˵ͷҶĻ֣ҹʮȻʧԭһƷǱ˲ӵ˵֮УԼĿһ﷢ҽ
ʱҾˡ
˫Ŀ΢΢ҶЦ
һļ䣬Ͽ³֮⣬ҶΪ˽ˣȫĿԳΪˣǶڶԷһϢ
ߡ
һģһչѸٵĻ˲֮Уת˲ʧ
֮ǿޱȣģ޾֮ȻҲģ൱ɡ
ҲҶ뿪˲䣬Ҳ漴ƿһֳֹǹսʿǳصǽ壬ǵкݺݵһ¡
ɽѣر޾ĴɽһĹ
衢ģϲ鷳
һλսʿѾҶ챳Ӱݺݵ˵
˰ɣ壬˭ǵأҪľǰʰɾˣĻֵñˣ尡ԽĻ쵰ˡ
һ˵İο֮ҲǴŶķŭͳޡ
ˣǵùˡ
ε漴һ˿ʼж
һУҶȻǲ֪ģ֪ˣһҲϺûκεĹϵ
â˸֮£ҶȻĳΧȥ
һ޴ĽĿ֮¶ݻΪ޵Ӱ趯ڿ
һ޴Ӱʱ˸ţǿԺɵĸоΧһâתϵһѰš
ЩػǿߣȻǵĿıػһаȫ
Ҷĳ֣Ҳֻһţ˲ʧȻʶҶڵݡ
Լļ䣬Ҷ쳯һȥһ׵ĽȻĽҪһЩҶȴҲû⣬ЩΪԼԭɵġ
ļ֮УɲһĴЩܵʵǿᣬȻƲʵ΢֮ˡ
ĸ׿ɲһӣĻʮӣȻĲҲĵλΣͻƵ˲༶ĳ̶ȣĳ̶Ȼ޷Ǿס
Ӵⲻ𣿡
һŵ˳֮ԵһֱӣǶıӣȻҶûжٵĹϵȴ൱Ƿ⣬ҶΪĲϲ
漴ԴҶ쿴һˡ
һ˵УΪ׵һмĿһԽɫ֮˸ĺâļ¡
١
Ҷжʱ˴˵ļ䡣
٣Ҷһ磬Ȼϵĸ磬ȴҲԼıϵһ࣬ԷǰĹϵǢʱĻۣҲûȥԷȻˣ۸
ߡ
һҶûһѡ뿪
㾹Ȼ˵ķңҿǴ
һȻһԷȻҶԴϴ˹ȥ
ߡ
ҶһĺȻһҲʼ


1972 ֮
ٲֻѪ֮еһ֧ѣλϱҪܶ࣬˾ǺͶԷսҶҲܵͽ䣬ɱҲǺġ
ǾһҪҶҪֵһ˲䣬һȴ˳
ס֣
˲񷣬ǳضǲ˼£һ֮дŵϢΪ֮
༶½׵۷徳磬ʵֻв༶½׵ĵزոսûжٵ£۷˲һ㣬ҪӦĻҲúķѲСġ
ҶаԵһеĶȴûֱֹͣӵһ˹ȥ
ž
һ⴫ݳһǶνöҶĺܣ˲ٵϼ⿪ʼŤѪ죬״ĺܡ
С㾹ȻҴң
ȫû뵽Լᱻı΢ڸˣһʱǽһ߳ŭ̲סķ
˵ˣ
ٴεĴһѾ֣һлһ׽ɫۣϢţһһ֮һеа޲ѹ
Ƶģʹĸ̺ͼӳ֣ϴʹҫһĳмƣһ˫Ŀȴ¶˿˿䣬ƻԭ͵̬
ĸ硭
ӣҶû˿ı飬Ľе
ȴһķŭ޲õĽҶƤһ㡣
ˡ
εĶ˵
٣ղ˵ʲôˣ
ΪĿ٣ɫƵ˵
¡ʲôҲû˵ˣСղŴңȻҰ
Ȼ뵽˸ղŵ飬ٵ϶ʱ¶ԹɫĽе
ž
һǶص˦˳ȥ£һ̫ɽһ㣬˦ٵϣԭ͵ʱĸһƬѪģ̬
̡ˡ
Ȼû뵽ȻִҶ춼û뵽ļ֮УƺǺǱΪ飬ֹһεݺԼģһζԷȴִ٣ȫϳп϶һԭı
ļ֮УԼĸεŹԼԴΪӣҲļ֮ΪԹ޵һˡ
ԭΪֵ̣֮ܽУеλĶΪҲΪҲֵԵɡ
ĶȻҵֵ
žžž
˵䣬Ѿʼ֣ϸԽԽֱӴٵϿʼ˿˿İ׹ǣȴҷȲ˵ǷҲ򲻹ǴùҲ۸ģߵǿ߲һ־Կһ
ʱҲпԣԼĸҪⲻڴ𣿶Ҳڴ
֪𣿡
ٴסֵʱٵѾûһģˣǰ׹ɭȻ̬ʵ˾ĺܡ
ˣˣĴˣ
ٹڵϣİ
ˣ֪ʲôˣ
ϴޱŭ⣬ĺ
ˣ
ٵɫ΢΢һ䣬ʱ˼͵ĹҶǰϴŰɫĽе
ˣҵĴҵӷˣ
ҶĿһˣȻ˵ǺԼûйϵжȴ񣬱Ͼļ֮УһȺ˿û۸ġ
žžž
һĶⲻϵĻӶţپȻԼԼҴ֮ͺݺݵڵϿͷ
̬ҶԽĽ䱸
Ͼһ˵ȻΪԼ½⣬»顣
Ҷû˵ֻǼĿŶԷٵԽķΪεĻǰ˵裬ĻҲ֪֮ԭġ
ˡ
ɫ΢΢һ䣬û뵽ԼܾܵȻǵˮһ仰˵ѾˣڿƺûжٵЧ
аԵЦһ֮ڵ̲סĺȵ
ҵĵܵܣȻĲԣҲٵĸҼӡһȥúõĽѵġ
Ҷ쵭Ŀһۣ˵
ȫƾĸ
¶һĨ֮ɫϵˡ
л˵
˵ٴζپһţ˵
ϽĹ
߻æĹлٵ뿪
Լס֮ҶĿ٣ؿ˵
ĸ磬ʲô˵ɣһüء
ı΢֮ˣȻҶ˵ҿҪ
зŤţԵĺȴû˿ı֣ЦԽ
ҵֵܣǰ飬ҲǺɸְϾ㣬ǽϵһȥڿΪ˲༶֮Ҳ֪Ҵˣʵ֪Ͻģô㣬ҲΪϽҵȷġ
ҶаԵЦϣһﻹǸԼ𣬲һǲġ
һΣҪһѡ
ͻȻ¶һĨصɫؿ˵
Ŷ
Ҷ˺ɫŶԷȴġ
ٺ٣һ㣬ҲоˣԼڽ뵽˲༶½֮󣬽ĺ˰ɣ
Ҷĵ˵ͷ
ǵģȷʵˣҵΪ޷ԭٶȷʵܻ
Щ˵ģҶҲ֪޷ȥڸǣҪȥ֪һﵽǴ˵Щʲô
ܺãҵĵܵܣҲһӻڲ༶½׵ĵزңѾǲ༶½۷壬ǿֵΪ׽ҲҪ
ĸʲôֱ˵ɡ
Ҷ΢΢üؿ˵
Ѫ
˵
Сȴ·ƾճֵһըһ㣬˲ĽҶըˡ
Ѫѵ˵
Ҷɫ̲סı仯ʼü
ĸѵѪ
ڨڨЦ
ûУиطȴС
˵䣬һ˫˸˾˵Ĺ⻪˿˿ĻͿµҰġ
Ҳ²ûдĻĸ˵Ī֮⣿
֮⣬Ҷļ֮ҲУҼ൱̣֮˵һ൱صĵطȷе˵һȫĿռ䣬Ҳ֮֮Ķ֮
ϵľѧſµ޾ĻԵ֮ǿߵ࣬ڲıҲ𽥵ļ٣˵ĴҲԽԽˡ
ǰҶ⻺ͷš


1973 ׷£
֮⣬ҶļʵǼ£طĿҲµġ
Ŀռ֮УŹصϢתһСıԷˣǾͻϴĽˡ
˵طȻıǴ˵ȴޱȸӺΣյģһСĽȥĻʮ֮˾ŵĻġ
˵ҶȻ֮൱ȤȴҲȻĲѡ뵽ġ
ĸ磬ǲǾһˣ
ҶЦЦĿǰ֮дһ˿ƵĲһԼҪȥˣҶȻĲֵ̫ʴȺͺƵġ
ҪᣬһΣҲҪȥҲĸ˵ĲʵһΣҪĿȥѪĶǿԲҪõģֻҪǵõѪǾͿĳʱĻѪͿΪãʵһ˵ĵزӳѪϵǱһҶ԰ŵĺԲġҶ˫ĿŻɵɫǰ˵Ҫ֪ҪȥμӵĻҲδصܹ뵽ҵĳ̶Ȼûʸȥġ
ǵģڵ֮ѾΪһֽɣ˭ҲܹɽģһҪȥͱȥȡʸ񣬶ʸ൱Ͽģϸƣ˵ʣûʸġ
Ҳôﵽ˲༶½׵۷徳磬ſʸ񣬷ĻҲҪġ
ҵ£һ뵽˲༶½۷ģǴ˵ʸҵУֻҪȥ֮ǾͿõѪģӦ֪ѪЧģڵԣҪ뵽༶н׵ĲΣѾˣֻдķ濪ʼ֡
Ҷ˫Ŀ˿˿Ĺ⻪ڲϵ˸
ƺΪȤ
ѪһϵѪ֮ǵȵľѪǣÿһ϶Ѫǵȴûȫļ̳ϵϵģ֮䣬ԿɽʯһԶ档
ڵȴԵûºʸ
Ѫǹʱ۵ľѪ̲޷󣬲˼ΰǿԽĻȻĿԼѪӵһµġ
ʱͻҲޱȵġ
֮ڲѪ൱ϡٵģڣٿҪõĻڴһ㡣
ҶѪȫĲȤѪεǿεĿֲȴҲ޷˿档
ı岢ĺᣬѪҲһǸٶѪɣȴҲ˿ģҶ֮޵ĺġ
ҪȻڵĵһΪ뵽һԵʣѾˣȴҲҪȥ̲
ǵҶԿڶٻĶħﵽߵĲΣǿʩչһֵıԴôࡣ
аգ
ҶƺЩȤˡ
գٺ٣ûаյĻȻҲȥѰˣңѾҵһοռ䣬ҪĶֻҪҺĻԵĿӵҪġҶЦЦĿ˵Ͳ´Ƿ֣
Ҷļ֮Уǲֻһ˽ȥ֮ģǱ֪ĻԻԵΪıġ
һ㣬ֻ֪֪ˣֵǻᱣܵġ
Ҷĵ˵ͷǴӦˣȴڰԵЦֹһûԼɲΪһͻ˺ĵԼȥõѪµȵѪõһ̣ԼҲǸˡ
ٴεĽһ֮󣬲໥ĸǡ
˵ڶĵԿĻҾͿԿһ£ǾǴǿܣ뵽ֻ֮УǱʱ֮Ҳѷɫı£⵹ΪڴҶӰ˵֮УĶսħһ˵
뷨ȷʵǲֶٵİأţħ˵
ûаգȥܹܾģԸкôͻ᲻ϵȥӶᣬһζȥܾԷĻɣҲǸ򵥵ĽɫԷܻܿ߳ŭʱĻҵ͸ѰˡҶεĿЦ
Сĵĺã֮⣬ȻľѪҲζǿ߳û̫ʱڵĩʧ壬˭Ҳ޷֤ԷǷȫɢˣһҪúõļƻһҶĵ˵ͷ
ǿʼ໥һ֮Ѿһµ˽⡣
Ҳʱһ֣Ҷɫ΢䣬ѸٵĴӵ֮ʧصԭ֮С
ʮܣ𣿡
һ֣Ҷ΢΢һ
Ҳʶļ֮УҲ㲻ʲô
߽ҶסߵĳֵҶΪľȣû뵽еһҲˡ
ˣһ˫ϴ紺Цݣһޱȣգҫ˸·һչķһ㣬ޱȵͽ
һһŮҶ춼ʶԷеһ磬ʮһһĽ㣬еھš
ʮһ磬Ž㣬ҲˡҶϱֳһĨɫ˵
ʮܣĻԵˡ
ʮһ¶˿ĵɫҶ˵
ԵҶϱֵΪȡ
ߡ֮˵𣿡ľŽü˵
֮У˿ûڸǶԼ
Ȼȫ֪ˣһΣԷҲȡҵģ⵽ΪʲôȻҪȡһˣҶаԵľһȺһȻȡԼģǸļƺûʲôĵطΪʲôЩȴѰԼĸղѾѰˣҲѾ֪ˡ
Ҷ쵭˵
ߵҶû⣬ȴֵ൱Ȼ̬ǾŽ΢΢һ䣬Щģ
ҶȴȥŮҶ൱Էһ˫մѪһ֮һһԼģȻҲܹȥŹᡣ
ʲôҲˣһŽʮһϵʱ¶һĨȵɫ
ȻһǵԤϣܿǾŽȴ¶һĨ⣺Ȼ˵ĻҪһѡ񡭡ŽĻЩѡʲôҶװһ㯵ӿ˵
ܼ򵥣ѡǺǺһ˿˿вϢʼתʱҶɫЩ
ǺǣŽ㣬Ҫӡ
ƺǿҶЩñ䣬ʮһʱĿʼԲҲӦ֪ĸСζģ˵һѡˣǴѡһأѡһѡһôǲֻѪĶǵõ˱ĻǿԴзָٵġߣʮһܣŽ㣬˵ļƻǲ֪ǷԲμӽأһȻĳ֣ߵɫı仯


1974 Ϥף
ˢ
һӰˢһӳ˷֮УȻǹʱɫƵĿˣϴſɲĺ⡣
ĸ磡
ʮһ;ŽĽеɫȴû˿ĸı䣬ֻǾؿߵʵڲ༶½׵۷壬Ҳǿ󣬵ĻȻĲẦ
һ㣬Ҳ֪ģȻɫƣȴҲûı֡
λѾѡҺˣǲʱеǽŵ𣿡Ц˵
ĸ磬ܹô˵ϾǸĺôɲֻѪһһ㣬ӦúߵʵϵĻ²ֻѪرҲԵõģأǺȽϺãŽϹŵЦݣ˵
𣿡ϴЦݣЦȴԽıȻһѾŭ
ǻ𣿡
һϵȻı˳һĹ⻪˸һֳķâһۿȥԼ˷·ǱһΧȫ̹ǵʹ
ȡ
Žʮһɫһ䣬˲ŭһϵҲȻı
һӰʼ֣һӰչֵǿϢļ£Ҷ챾ˣоԼƺС֮ǵǿˡ
һÿһλʡ͵ĵƣԼҪ鷳ĻЩѣȴҲ뷨
һԼڶʱԼﵽһµĲΣʱҪ㶨⼸һҲǲܵ顣
¡¡
㶦֮໥Ľ֯һ𣬿ĿһӰڷŭϵͷԼѹⷿ䶼ʼҡҡ׹ϵĳѺۡ
ĸ磬ҪֵҲע⵽𣿡
һǾŽﴫ˳
ߡ
ɫ΢΢һ䣬Ľϵƴ飬ջء
Ӱɣĸ磬Ҳ֪ģһΣ˵ĪĺôģѪ˵ôǶڲ༶н׵ǿȴûжٵĺôһֻҪȥѰرȴҪѪһΣ˷ָѪҲ㹻ˡʮһȻ뽫ִˣһ֮ȴҶаԵЦһﾹȻԼȴˣҲҶԽĿ϶Լ뷨ߴӿʼΪֹûнԼϣ˵ԼܿһƷʱĶԱġ
ã
֪Լȥһζļ֣ԼδؿֵõôʱĻùҲδػˣȻõĶһЩȴҲûкôԼǺսĻҲע⣬ʱ͸ӵ鷳ˡ
Ȼ˵ĻǾͺúõļƻһ֮֮ͻῪʱĻǾһ룬Σ
Ҷص˵ͷ˵û⣬ǲҪˣǴӦҵ飡
һЦĵ˵ͷ˫֮˸ĺȴҶע⵽ˣҪǵҵĵĪĺôʱǾͿ˭˭ɡҶаԵЦţߵɱҲȻ˲١
ȴ뿪֮Ҷٴεȴûѡ뵽֮УϾƾյʧĻһ˷飬ԼС鷳ġ
Ҷ£漴ΧĹ֮Ĺ֮൱ľͿֲǻҶ챾˶оԼǿĸоһˮһĹ֮ڽ뵽Լ֮󣬲ϵı֮ȡĴĸ
ܿ֫ٺ֮зž
ȻǺ̵ܶʱ֮УҶȴĲԼڲһոµľ硣
۷ľ磬ܿͿԴﵽˣǺãǶԿһˣҲɵնɱģ۷ľ磬ҾʱĿͻƵĲΣҪ϶ֲܿҵҪȥ׼һ¡Ҷ˴ľ磬ǸʱҪﵽһ˵ĵزˣ༶ǿĳ֣עûס
ȥѰһºӵټǸоӵϢȴûиоλáռĺɢϢҶԶ϶ӿ϶֮УǾǵʲôطȴ޷֤
ҪҶȥѰңҶ첻ȥͷųԼӴ꣬һͷųǿ߿»˲͸оˣǺãԼҪ뿪ĻҲ൱ѵġ
֮ϴԣ֮УĿһʥĹ⻪һ㴹£Ĺע֮ϡ
ǴκεһطһԪҪٶϲ˵һǧȴҲ಻̫Զ
Ҷ޵͡תЩ֮ҲǿΪǶȻĲԼ
ǽ֮еһȫİԼĵ֮УҪɳҲ൱ɵģʱٻ༶ĵҲûпܵġ
Ҷ찵Ե˼š

һɾ޴ȭ⿪ʼ֣һȭһĪѹ·ǿԴݻǺӣ𺳰˻ģ֮һе޲Ҫȥ򽫻ᱻ׵ѹ
ÿµȭ⣬ȻһְԵϢҵİӡȭҪֲҶһ漴ĳǸȥ
ܿһ޴Ĺ㳡֮ϣԼѰҵĿꡣ
һ𷢱۵Ůϴһףϲһ޴ĹǹĿĹ⻪Ľͷš
ȭ⣬󿪴ϣ籼ϢĿһϵͷţԲ׵ķΧȭǿеѹ
ȻһŮˡ
ҶаԵľš
Ǻܿģɫȴ΢΢һ䣬ΪǰŮֹͣԼȭ̧ף˸˹
ŮˡϤ
ҶһԷ˸߰Ϣ
һֻչĿȸһ㣬֮߰Уǿ
ⲻص㣬صڣҶŮһĪϤǿҵϢ

ҶһȻ뵽˶Էݡ
һĺٵĳ֣֪Ůô
ħϿȵʱԼɱ˵͵ϮħЫӵȹϹ͵Ϯ
ǺԼսʱʩչһʥ֮
ʥ֮ϵľѧͨʥķʽٻǿ顣
Ŀֲѹնɱ
Ǹʱ򣬶Էʩչʥ֮ƺٻһǿߡ
ոŮˣҶжʱһĽп಻ǵԷԼʱ򣬸


1975 ЫŮ
Ůļ֮Ҳһμ¼
һ㣬ȴֱϵѪףһ֧ѪףŮȴһĵΪ֮ӵ
ΪԷʵǿĺܣǿᵽ˼£µ۷ľ硣
༶нףȻ۷壬ȴҲڵҿɵȥӦģһĻƱػǿߵעģʱĻҵļƻҪȫҪҵӣǱ컹ѡ
ŮΪЫԿĳŮǶôĿֲ
ֻҲͰˣҶȴƫƫʶԷһսԷֵȻֻһȴҲԼæң㱻նɱ
Ĺؼʱ̣ҶҲʩչʥ֮ͨһԨٻ˳
һһֲĴţħ
ԷǿͺڰʱŮ˵ע⣬һսҲ޷ĳˣԷķնɱҲδһ£ҲҶ˵ĵ㣬ΪֲԨĴţħȻŮ˵ķǿˡ
뵽ԨţħֶΣҶ쵽ڻڰԵľ岻ѡ
ҵģӦòŮ˵עġ
ҶаԵ
ˢһƷ֡
ʱˡ
Ҷɫһı仯ƺǺһ㣬ĳź浹
ƣһԱɫԼǰţˣ촽΢΢Ŀϣᵽе
һףĽյޱˣµİ͹ȱֱһʮ
κεһԪǹָΪ֮
Ҷһ̬ЫŮ
ļ֮УŮ˵ޱȵѪͷֶθǲпᵽ˼£ǶԷȴǳȻԷǵػ֮һ
ΪػߣʵĿֲλʵ˵ԷǴ죬Ҳ˵ô
Ҷļ֮УǼֵܽǣҲûм˵Ҷ֣˼ΪӿɲĴ֮⡣
㾹Ȼ
öĴԷ建ǰԽԽ
񡭡ЫˡʲôԸ
Ҷƺɵһ㣬߶µվ˵
ž
΢а۳ֳֻظҶգ¶һĨĹ󣺡֪ΪʲôҽоƺЩ̫һ
Ҷһû뵽Ůô񣬵ʩչľѧޱȵľˣԼɱ֮ʩչľѧǱҶǿߣȻĲܿҶա
ˣȻޱȵ𾪣Ҷȴû˿ĸı䡣
ʲôһһҰ
ҶǿЦ¶ıƺǴһĨɵ̬ǿ־Ͳ໥ںһһֱ飬£־壡
ǵģŮˣļ֮У൱µģǲ༶ǿߣλȨأȻֱϵѪ֮У㲻ʲôĵطȴһǿߡ
Ů˵ʱÿÿĶ൱־ġ
ں𣿡
ЫҶĦţһ֮д˿˿ľϲ֮ɫ·ǿһһ㣬ǿҵĺĺȵ˸ĹâҶ찵ԵĿЦѡ
ΪһˣŮ˵Ķ̫ˣЩ԰ѳˡ
һ˫Ŀ֮УƺҲ¶һĨ˷ܺڴⲻҶ챾Ը񣬶ȫԸݻġ
һԵĺɫ֮ˣȻҲ¶Ů൱ǻۣթ
ûС
Ҷ켱æҡҡͷһ˫Ŀ֮еĹâԽƺǴһĪڴ
ž
һǶصĴҶϣǶľˣҶڵʵ˵ǲȫĻҲ൱Կܵġ
ڵҶԵĲܹȥܶԷ
顭
޴Ҷֱӱ˳ȥ
ߡ΢ˣ㻹һĴڰ
Ы˿˿Ц˵
񡭡Ыˡ
ҶװһȺʹɫŶԷ
һô˵ȥƻʲôĻǾ͸ӵˡ
˵ģЫȻһַĹâҶһľ㵣ǻûеȵ˼ʲôȴѾЫתѸٵʧԭ
Ǵʲô
Ҷд𣬵ĴţħŮǿϹŮ˾ȻǿеԱΪľǲôţħռٵıˡ
ȻֻһŮ˵ķȴҲҶоޱȵ𺳡
һĹ
ҶڵĽҪ߹ϼһ貵ҫ⻪ʮķΧԼĿԿһֻ޴ĹħЫӰڷļȡΧĹ֮Ȼ뵽һ֮С
Χһӵعзͷţע뵽˹ЩӴĹ֮֮УݻϵʹЫĽ
ĽƺǱøӵ
顭
ݺݵؽҶӵһĴϣ漴ЫѾ¶һĨĻߣ
֪ΪʲôҸоһ൱ˬϢϢҺѹ൱ĳޡ
Ҷ죬ЫϵͷųͱĲ
񡭡ЫˣҪʲô
ҶϵĽеƺǶһΪΪľ
ʲô֪ܿҪʲôˡ
촽ƺǱøӵſ˴ϣ漴ĿĿһԱԼǰһʢʻһ㣬չֳԼĻߡ
ʵ˫壬ޱȣ˵ĻźϵĸıţڴϿҶ죬֮д˷ܵı飬촽δ˵˼µѾʼ۵Ĵꡣ

һ˷ܵĽЫ޷ģΪڵ֮УֻţħƷ⼸ļһ˷ܵĽš
ð
Ҷ̲סһӵŭ
ž
һٴεĳ֣ЫȻٴεĻӶ֣ݺݵسҶϣûеȵӦ˲һı
һĹ֮ɢ貵Ĺ⻪Ȼ˲
ħޡ
С΢΢һЫУѾһĺɫޣǳһĹ֮滹˿˿ħԣֱ֮һͷɢǿҵ֮
Ыˣ
Ҷƺǽŵ˼¡
žžž
ħ޻ӶʱһϢȻĳ֡
˷ܵıҲ漴ĳϡ
ֻڵһϷǹһĨʹ̼


1976 컣ɺ죡
Ůˡ꣬䡢̬
Ҷдŭǹħ޲Ѱ֮һħ޵ĽģſµħԣÿһγȻ˵˺ۣħ̲صħԲ˲ʹһ飬񫣬˯ĸо
ָоƺƵģҶôġ
Ҷʥ壬ǿƥǻκεһҪȥƻҪǿġ
˵һʱ֮䣬ǾԵ޷ȥƻġ
Ǳ˵Ź򣬶ϻһαһأҲҶԲģоԼоȻĳһ˿µı仯
һı仯񫣬Ҷһǿҵı
й
Ҫȥй
ѪѪΣǱ˵𣿡
˷ܺͷıЫϣһԭ޵ʱȴͬһֻ޵Ķһ㣬Źȴļµĸо
еĹħ޻Ӷ˺ķȻٴεǿһζЫ˵ı޴򣬿»˳ˣǻˣñŮ˴
ž
Ѫڵ˳
ǾӨ͸Ѫɢ˵ĹâѪȴЫӵ˷ˣһԱɫʱ·ǵȼ˻һ㣬ͷųķâĽڲҶ춼ԴС޵롢
ݣ
кݺݵŭŮˣΣһԴŰѰҵУŮϲŰˣĺЫŮˡ
ҲҶ컹˼ŸͬʱȻģЫ촽΢΢һĴ껺شյҶϡ
һ˺ѪĿѪ⡣
˵Ĺ󣬶ôĻ߰ܲˡ
΢΢һȻָ쵽˿֮ϣţ촽Ǵյ棬໺Ҷ˿ڡ
ԭҶ죬ʱǸоԼϳһɲıͺڰϢ
Ҫййй
໺ضţ˿ϳ֣ʱҶһĸоÿһεĶоԼϳһǿҵļ¶ʹ̼
ֲŰʲôо
ҶһƵĺ
ƣ˵ҲֻԵʹˣǶŮ˵ŰȺãҶȴǲҹͬģ֪ȵŮ˷й֮ԼǷܹĻš
ԭŮ֮սĻҶҪʤ൱ѵģɱϾǲ༶нʵ޷ӷйţҶûʤ㡣
֮
ҶԺ΢΢һ
һŹϵؼһɲ񷣬ΪĿֲѧһеǰŮˣҶҲ𽥵һĨ뷨
ž
ħٴεĻӶ
Ҷ΢ʹĸоӵʢ
ڵȴڷɿתš
֮
Ȼתһžѧ˲ģԷħ洫ݳʼҶ쵼뵽֮Уܿ죬ϵǵʧ׵ĽˣҶ쿴ȥ൱ңʵϣԷÿһεĳ֣޲Ҷ콫ħϵɵĸɸɾ뵽ԼľͽǵС
ޱȵĿֲޱȵĿɲһĪĸо·ԡ˹֮£ҫ֮С
Ыĺ֮ȴһǿҵĲ൱ľ൱Ĳס

С΢΢һ˿ϢЫϵĺķţҶȴֵýܶԷһֹһͷţⷭȥļ֮ʱ֮УҶѾȡ˶Էӽɵˡ
ѪôѪ
ҶϵѪЫӵ˷һѾ𽥵ĳ˿˿ɺ죬ǾʱҶȴݺݵһǸоԼڷ·һħʼ𽥵
ȣ񣡷й
ǿҵĸогţһޱǿҵĸо
ʵϣҶһǼȡŶԷһҲ𽥵ĽħϵħԺš
ħޣ֮еһԭЫ֮֮дģ̲һǿħ޵ĽǺ
Էĵȼʵǿһ༶Ͻ׵ǿߡ
ˣ˵ˣħɴڡ
̡
С첻ҶѪǵħҲ𽥵ĿʼЫ
ž
Ҷ΢΢һһʵ⣬ƺǰԽջˡ

ͬʰԼĶ߻صţҶ쿪ʼʱ򣬻ܹţǵȴѾ޷ȥֿˡ
ǿҵĸо˵ڲȴȴҲЫӵķ
žžž
˳ЫʱѾԽɺҶ˫ԭǻƽɫģȴ𽥱ɺ쳣Ѫɺ졣
һ۾Ƕ
ڵģҶ˫Ŀ֮ɺѪʯĹЫʼü
ˢ
ֻӶľƺҪڳ
𡭡
ڵֿ񱩵ħڵıˣҶ﷢ҰްĺϵһĹâԭĹ֮Ȼ飬һֺֻݺݵسЫĽϻӶȥ
޵У
ĻҶ첻Ầκεһˣǲ༶н׵ǿҲ⡣
顭
֮ײ˿ֲײҶȴЫ˿Ļᣬһѵס˶Է֣ĽصѹԼ档
顭
ҵٴεĴ
Ҷ˫Ŀ˸ʰɺѪâݺݵؿŮˡ
㡭ʲô
ȻЩ仯ЫȴԴѣоǰƺһֿµı仯
㣡
Ҷĺ
ҡ
ԲЫ޷ŵĿҶ졣
ž
һǶصĴЫϣʱǰ϶һۼ
ԴʹĸоȴЫ·Ϊܡ
͡
ױҶݺݵ˺Ƭİǰ
ң
ƺǲҶĶЫ

һ԰׻⣬ʱҶϢԽĴ˫ɺĹâǿħԲϵĿʼ
š
оҶԵĹâЫеʱһִδйĵӡ
ž
ҶֱӽԷĽξһơ

žžž
ϵĻӶƣԴʹĽ𽥵Ŀʼÿʼ
ЫЫŮˡ
ҶĺţȻһһеܿһпʼ궯
֨֨
ҵҲ֮


1977 ֮
Ҫɱ㣡ɱ㣡
Ыĺеǽȴ˿˿ĺιâϵͷš
ҶıϵĿʼӭţȻţȴΪпϵķӦ
ž
ҶٴϾһơ
Ыǽϵ糺ȴԽԴʹĽг˴δй衣
ЫһԲбŮˣԼҰģԼԸˣ˿һϣȥϣȥˣԴлȡĪĿС
ȴû뵽Լгһջᱻһϵ˷
һ˵İԵ˵׺ݣ˵ıʹ³
ɱҡ𣿡
Ҷĺ
ĶӵڵħԣҶ쿪ʼϵѡй֮УǴڷļȡŶԷ
ǡ
໥ĽϣһĪķһĸ
ôʱҶڵڷıǣڵȴϵļֱſʼ˷
ڼȡЫһ̫ӡǷתţ漴һĸı䣬žϵǿҲʼ漴ı
ʮӡ
ʮӡ
һСʱ
ҶĶϵĳǿᣬԽԽǿᣬЫڱϵӶţϵȥȡմš
ŮˣҶû˿ĺøУԷһЫŮˣĺܶԼûôǿûֲͱŮ˸ˣ˵Ҷ첻Ҫڶٵʴ֮ģֻҪȥϵķйţϵȥȡŶԷ

һЫӭĵα
ҶȴôķŹԷ
ȡѾӽɣɿǲ༶нǿߵǳȥޣҲҪһµģҶ챾ˣҪʱſԴﵽ
ֻҪŮ˵ϷйţǾͿȥﵽֲΪ
ġң
оҶĶȻûֹͣЫ֪ʲôˣԼϵķӦָо̫ǿˣԼҲ޷ȥﵽ̶ȵģϵзӦһ֪ʲô߳ܡ
Ҷǲݵġ
סԷĽıš
Ы㾹Ȼͼĥңһ֧ѪˣȻ˵ĶңҿֱϵѪ壬Ҿɱ㣬Ҳ˷Եġ
Ҷ˫Ŀ˺âԵޱȣаޱȵĺ
žžž
ײϵĳ֣˵Ľ棬һĺӡ֣ǱҶ֮ɵġ
ʱϵĳš
ڣһļʹصĴϢ֮𽥵ƽϢ
ڴͳ鴤ŮˣҶϳ˿˿ĺ⡣
ʱѾָǣҼȡ˶ԷɵޱȣҶҲ޷ȥڶʱ֮ڴȴ
ҶͻƿҪˣһͻƵľ磬ǾҪŲ༶ͻƣҪͻƵĻҪɲ˼¡
ԼҪȥﵽ㾳磬ҲҪϵĽѣЩǡõĿԸԼһЩ
ڵת⣬ЫȴǲˣΪҶ챻ǹħһεıڵħԳ֣Ы൱ء
ǶԷһδεӭ˱һŮ˵ʮεıƣо޷󵽵ģϻɵڶݵʱ֮УŮǲҳֵģϾڵʵҲһ༶½۷ĳ̶ˡ
ȡ
Ƿ˿˿ЦҶ촩·ת뿪һ糺ŮڲϲС
ŮˣҶǲᵱԼŮ˵ģԷ̫ˣ̫ݶˣһΪԼŮˣҶݶļһʱĶҵɱԼ
ҶȻŮˣȴԵĲŮҲǵһˣļ֮УŮίңߵһһŵĺܡ
ŮˣҶµˡ
ˢ
ӰҶ߳Ыһ˲䣬ٵĳ˹
ڵĳˡ
߲ǱˣʮһԼŽ㡣
ϴһĨŭΣʮһЦݣھŽȴ˿˿֮ɫ
һֱ𣿡
ҶϢԴģ˵
ǡҲҽȥ
ĦԼƿЦ˵
Ȼ⼸һѾõҶ챻ЫߵϢȴҶĳ֡
ߡġ
Ž¶ЦĻߣ
ЫߵˣֻҪûǾϴˡ
ѾһܹϢˣ˾ŽȻҶֵ߳൱
Ȼǲ²⵽еǷʲô顣
ʮһһĽ͵ӵɫ
ã죬ҲӦ֪һβҪôģЫŮԽķˣȻӡ
֮д˿˿⣬·һĺߵ
ǻʲô飿
Ҷ˵νľŽ㣬иӵĸоġ
ԷȥԼҲͰˣһװģʵоĵĺܡ
Լҽȥȴܿ࣬˵Ļ˵ˣҲǣȻ쵽̶ȣų˼¡
ҶаԵЦֹȴû˵
ʱ뵽һ֮С
á죡
ҶɫƵģʱһŭЫϴȻΣȴҲһ൱ܵ飬ЫһɫŮǴ򲻹ЫѡһıҶ죬ȥˡ
ߡ
ŮһȴѾˡ
ǼҪ뵽֮ˣô
˻˵
û̫⡭
Ҷ쵭˵
һι֮ᣬȷȥɡ
˵ȻóһĴָССƿҶ˵
֮᣿
Ž϶ʱ¶һĨɫȫû뵽ȻὫҶ졣
ٶҶҲɫ΢΢һ䡣
Ϊ֮ҲǺı
˵ֵĴһ˵˲ָνһ֮ҲΪ֮Ķġ
ȴû뵽ȻѡȥҶ졣
ллĸ硭
ҶڶԷע£һɢžӨâˮ״֮֮С
΢ʱȥ
һ̣Ҷȴݺݵһ漴Ŀһڳ¶֮ɫмޱȵĵ˵ͷ
лĸ磡
ȴ˸űɱ⡭


1978 ֮
һȻ滨
ҶаԵЦ
һι֮뵽Ҷڵ˲䣬ʱһǿٵ뵽֫ٺ֮УܿһĲ˳
ֲۣܲϸ΢ĺܡ
޾Ĵ󺣱һˮһ㣬С޷ȥֱӣǸ˿뷨
Ҷ˭ϵǿߣҪ£ϣǿ˲һ㡣
ƿأӵϸ΢һι֮뵽ԼڵʱԵĸоһ˿ͷ·һֻ˯Ķһ㣬ʱļԼֻҪԼһСģһ̣Լͻ᳹׵군ġ
Ҳ˵ȻȥǺ⣬ʵȴˣԷԼһӡǣֻҪǶԷһͷԼ¾͵õùڵԼԵǱԷƿūһ㡣
ȻˣֶΣҶԽЦֹһ￴ȥǴĺܣʵȴ൱ޱ˵ĻĻᵹùˡ
Ҷ˵ȴû˿á
ΪԷֶΣ쵽ˡ
ꡭѹ
ĺȵ
ʱڵѸٵѰҵһ
һµķģһ಻ƴСȴ޾ҫ⻪·ǿ˿һ۶ᱻ˲ľһ㡣
Ȼӡƣ
Ҷһ̲סһľ
ӡƣǹϵƣĪȣģд־
һ֮󣬽ĪܣȫܵӡƵƿأ
һöϿɲƣ̫ʱڣǱɵȥƿЩǿ飬һöӦǷģȴҲСȻǲġ
ҶаԵЦȴûзС
ˣȻ޷ֿѾµӡƣҶ˵ȴǲܵģһ൱ɾͿԽġ
ҶڣӰڼԦ
ССӡƸһҶȴʱѡ֣Ҫȵκʵʱ
һöԷ͵ʴף
Ҫƿңȴ֪ҵƿص˵ģľҸߣҲ޿κε飬ʱĿԴһӡƣǷΪҵū
Ҷ찵Ե˼š
˵䣬Ҷٵʩչ
Щ񣬹ϵϵĵȼҪ߳һء
̫ھʹڵģ֮ϵ
Ӧӡȫ⡣
Ҷʩչڵ֮ļԦ֮£˲ΧһӡƣĽ
ֻһӡƵ棬ʹڸ̣ϢĹ⻪֮дŹƻϢ˵һĲǿҶɲǿߺϵ־ͨıӻҲ˲䱻ƻġ
ȻǿȻֻǷģֶȴҲѾ˾ޱˣ̫ĩڵȻϵ㹻ŷˡ
ҶаԵľȵĺܣǿֶʵһּɵ
һǿҵĸоȻ˵̫ĩڵʱѾȫʧģȴɣⲢʵģڰҶĪһĴڡ
ȻģȴҲҶԽĺ棬̫ʱڵǷˡ
Ԫʱڵǿߣصһ˿Ϣûа취⵽Ϊʲô
ڻ˼ЩʱҶٵʩչͨӡס֮˲ϵĲѹȥ
𡭡
ĳ֣ʹѸٵſԭȻϣ¶˷ģ
ѹ
Ҷк
¡¡
ĳ֣ȻĿʼӡ
䡭
һҫ⻪ʼͷ˳һ̣񷶼Ҫݻٵһ㣬޷ݵǿȻݻ˼¡
ɾ޴ʥ˲Ľʹѹȥ뵽Լ֮Уһ̣ٴӡϵʹλá
ܿ죬Ѿڲ֪֮䱻Ҷյһ˿
ߡͼƿصԼӡƿأʱȴ֪ԼѾҵƿ֮Уڳ׵군ˣȻ޷˲ȴҲԪˡ
ҶаЦֹ漴Ŀʩչ֮ͨ뵽Լȫ
漴ɼϵÿһļٵĻָԭòԭЩ˺Ҳ漴ʧΪӡ
ҶоԼÿһŵϸʱɢĳǿϢ
Ȼǹ֮ᣬȻ㹦ЧǿΪ٣ĸ磬һΣҼסˣû
Ҷ쿴ϴžϲ֮ɫĽе
޷Ҳ̶ֻܹˡ
˵һ˫Ŀ֮˸˿˿âȻȴǱҶյˡ
ղİЦȴǲ֪ⱻƵˣͻλá
ߡ߰ɡ
Ž¶Ľʺ޵ɫ˵
֮ᣬ֮Ҳûʸȥӵеġ
棡
ϰٵӰɿ֮дżʮâѾɨԼ壬ҶЦһν뵽֮˲
һԼĻԼ׬ˣҲǲܵ飬ٵӰвŲ༶н׵ǿߣǲ༶н׵۷ǿߣԼҪȥĻǾ
ĺ嫣ĲãϢת
䣬ҶǸоǿϢںԼͨһ㡣
֮˸漴ݻΪһ޴ʹӰ
ЩʹӰͷţݻ޴âֳֹǹ䱸š
ЩˣÿһλֵܽãֱϵĹϵ֧ϵÿһֶһѪκΣȴ໥Ŀţѡ໥ԿȻģһȺһǲ໥Ͽɵġ
Ҳʱһδεײʼ
Եǿˡ
ҶһʮλҶ졢Ž㡢Լʮһ֮⣬˷ֱߵ£ÿһλʵڲ༶½۷ľ硣
Ҳǽ뵽֮ʸ
ǲ￹κεһλǿߣΪߵÿһλ൱ҪԴսĻˣʱҪȥ֮⣬͵䣬׳ղŻô
һƬ֮ӵеģ֮ϣһƬ棬ŹĲȻǱ֮ǿеиͰΧȥ
Ҳ֪ʲôεǿ߲ʵ
䡭
Լǰľ֮ͣٵӰһطʱƣһ֮ͣ޾ȻĲ
һ޴ŻزŻΧ޾ҫ⻪κεһֹ֮Ҫһٱһǧһ򱶡
䶯֮УŻϵݻΪ׵ĺۼ
֮⿪Ż֮ţ
ŽżĲĺ֮У·Ѿ¶̰Ĺâ


1979 ս
䡭
Ҷ̤뵽һ˲䣬һءʥ¡ĪʱȻĳǰ
һ磬Եصľѧϵرɲ䡢ֲĵҩ֣޲̲ǻһЩµŹǺ־ǾѪЩһõĻǵͻͽΪߵõڣһ޷ĿֲԵ
ŽﲻϵţȻѾڴѾˣ仰ȴҲҶаԵЦ
ϵıⲻ٣˭֪ﵽŶٵΣգļ֮Уÿνȥ٣ǧ򣬵ÿνȥ֮޲۽һ㣬õ䱦ͺôˣʮ֮һˡ
мһǧ֮Ҳֻ˵õô
˵֮ôױߵĻ֮ͽ뵽ĺĵزȶǰ˴ҲΪˡ
һлСĵĺãҪǰͷԣû˭ҲȲ㣡
һ˿ߵ˵˫Ŀ⣬˿û顣
ߡ
ŽȻ̫ʶȤһ֮ûȥᡣ
ȻѾʼˣǾͽȥúõѰһɡ
ʮһԲ˵
ǵļ֮УѪӦھڹĵطҪһʱ䡭
˵
һеСģĻǿ޷õѪ˵ᱻնɱȻѪΪأǱǲ༶н׵ǿ֪ĻҲܵùģ˵õĸҰȵ㣬ˣĻҪɱ㣬Ҳػ㣡
ҶΨΨŵŵĵ˵ͷ
ȴԵЦֹ⼸һڽȥ̬֮֮Ѿԭ˲Сı仯ԵΪԼӡˣ˵Լ̬ȸӵûжٵͿԡ
ߣ⼸һԵΪǿԽҳԶˣȴ֪¹˭֣⻹˵ء
ȻЦҶȴҲȥģϾΧһˣÿһλĶǵ£ÿһλﵽ˲༶½׵۷壬ҶʵӦǿ൱鷳ģԼˣĻڷǲһѵʱ
ŰɡȵʵʱҾͻֵġ
ҶаԵЦţ˿˿â˫Ŀ֮лͷźš
õİȵ㣬ĻǴǵļƻҪҷ
Žϴ˿˿⣬
ŮһֱҶ첻˳ۣϸ˵ǿ˳ۣȴѾйҶϣڴˣѾҶıɱ֮С
ֻҪлᣬҶǲѡ뿪ġ
ǡŽ㣬İɣһעġ
Ҷ칧Ŀ˵ӭȴǶԷмâ
Ǵ˵е֮ⰡѾڴʱˣҵȵˣ֮òŽ༶½۷徳簡
Χݳ
ǰȷʵѣһѵãһлᣬ̵ĳֻ֣ҪǵõһǾתˡ
ǿֱϵѪеˣЩ֧ѪʲôʸᣬֻҪǺǺôԳǵڻϽĸҵߣ
˭ǵҺᱦǾ
һ֮Уſֲɱ⣬ȻһѾ˲Сļƻˡ
ûгֵģ󲿷ֵĶЩ༶½۷ǿߣǵһεǻ˼ɣ˵Χվš
ߡ˭ǵҺᱦǾ֧ѪҲҷң
һ˱ŰϢ쳹
֮Уתͬһһ㣬𶯵Ҷ˶һĲǿҵ̬ʵΪľ
һĿӣĴﵽ׵ĸ߶ȣĳԱ˵Ѿ൱ɲˣĳԱıάϵ׵ĸ߶ϡ
ɷ̬վһǿߣÿһޱȵĿֱֲֳâ˸ԵһŶӣŶŶʮˣ൱µĶ顣
ҶһЦոյĽ뵽һ㿪ʼڴʣʵŵĺܣһҶȴҲޱȵļɵΪļ֮УҲŶԷϢ
Կ
һ֮е࣬ŴȻֱϵѪףĸȴֻһƽ֮ˣڳ˲䣬ĸױΪ˴Ԫ޷棬漴ˡ
ǶԷȴ൱Ŀֲż̳еǾѪ
һޱȿֲѪ£ʱڣѲ񷣬죬캧أҡ
ԿȻŰԵȴſֲΪ˵˻ѡȥһҶԷΪ˼ǳĺܣһסĻƱػ⵽ɲıӵ˲׵Ķˡ
Կ񡭡һҲˡ
ǰŵԿڲ༶½׵Ĳ֮ʱһƸĽ뵽ġ
ģһһ൱ĺãõһǿبžѧΪӴ֮һǧŶõʱ䰡һﵽޱȿֲľ硣
ʲôŴһ༶н׵ǿսȴҲδʧܣǲ˲༶н׵ľ硭
˵ֹ˳ȻԿĴѾ˴ҵע⡣

¶һĨɫ
ֱϵѪֻһ֧ļ֧Ѫͳ
һεܹĵˣȻޱȵķ

һλ֮ѪǿЧԿľٶ˲ʱ̣ȻʮѡЧҶԷ
ǿɲݣһеĳںһ˵ϣȻŷĺܣҲһ൱õЧһᡣ
ߡ
ԿͻȻһһţ۴С˫Ŀ˸ŽɫĹ⻪ȻƻӶ͵Ȼı˳
ͬǴϢһ㣬ÿһĹâһöǳһ㣬Ӵ˲䳯ǵصĻ
Կ쵰ƣ
ɫ䣬û뵽һﾹȻʱ֡
͡
һɲɽ緢һ㣬ѸٵĽҶһķ
ߣзҵ㡭
͵ĳҶӶֱۣʱһɴҶͳ֮⡣
ҶɿĵͷȴһЦһ˵ķĩӡˡ
ȥ⼸һĻԵĻҶŲСİŲմѸٵʧԭһ޴ıҲ漴ĳ֡
ȻһҲʼս
Ҷ뿪ԿȻĲŹնɱֱϵѪȻ㲻ʲôһƿ֪ĻҲܵͽġ
ɱ
ӶֱۣԿ߼ºȵ


1980 ɣ
ޱߣޱߣԵĴһΰԼ˵ҪȡͺôĻƱؾ͵ҪС£Ҹо൱Ĳ򵥡
Ҷٶȷɿ죬һ·񱼡
ɱ
һ˳Ҷıϴ޵ܣµ޷ͲŭϢݻҶϮɱȥ˵ˣǿһ۷塣
༶½۷壡
Ҷ΢΢һȻĸоߵǿϢаԵһݡ
Ǻܿȴٴ¶һĨ⣺
Ҫɱ𣿡
ˣҶĺ
ĩյˣ̵ĹϵĺãǻԸһ꣬ȥĻǾͲҪ궼׵
СҶһɱˣȻѡ·ǻŹҵ𣿡
ҶЦֹ˵
ôķϻڹڵϣҪǲˣɱһֱϵѪ׵ĵӣ⻹൱ģ֪ϻжٵı
һ̰ޱȵЦ
Ҷ΢΢һ䱸֮ĸӵǿʱܹˣȻ˵ڵΪڴľ磬һȺˣĸÿһλڲ༶½׵۷壬ǲӦġ
ɱ
ըһ㣬Ȼĳ֡
Ҷ˫Ŀ˿ɲâɺ챬һɫìУһìǷԲ
֮ì
Ҷһ־ΪյĻ֮ìȻһǴݶķʽĸˡ
ˡ
ŭװ˵Ķһ죬˵ڲܵ׻һ㣬һ֮УǻǷӦ˹
ʱҶһȴٴεĳˡ


ռ
ռɱ
ǿѧȻʩչ˼£ͬˮһ㣬˿ûͣЪӡ
¡
˻ͻһ㣬һǿеȥһб˲ա
߲
Ҷһһ㣬ٶϿľˣɲľˣת˲֮ѣȴѾףͬһبŵһ̼ʧԭ
áҵ壬ҵС
һ˵зĺȻһŰϢʼӿ˳
Ҷɫ䣬廯ϵͨȻĿʼʹԼǿ
顭
ȭͷƣֻصٴα
һȭΪӳֻ֣أָһϵĪҫҲ̲֮ʱŵԹ˵ɱ֮ޱͿ¡
Ȼʩչ֮УѾ˲տʼò
顭
һǿ߱ȻĻУͬܵ׻һ㣬ǷĲһѾù͵ķһµıٵѵˡ
ɣ
Ҷ͵һ
Χ֮Уһ˵ڹѺͷ֮еľ񳹵׵ںһ𣬾Ϊ΢һϸޱȵ󣬶Ҷϵ档
˲ģʼ䶯ͬǻһ㣬ΧסЩͲѪ⡣
Ǵõ֮зͷŭ
һɢԼΪֲĺ·Ҫ񷶼һģ
ǹϵĵԵĶڹų⣬ƺǸǶһ
¡¡
һĵؿʼѿ˷϶аʼ󣬺ڰĲӿƺѾ޾ݻ
ڶѾʼݻˡ
ܿһ˵ʼǿеĴĸɾࡣ
ת˲֮ģǵֳ˿ֲĻ档
ҵ
ϵĵҵ

Ҷ˷ܵĺ
漴ĽԼʩչ˼¡
һãȻڻɱһǿ֮˺ܶ飬ȴûзߵĳ֣ϾߵҲǲѰģҲޱȿֲǿԼǲȥСӦĻԻԴġ
նɱ
ң
߷׷׵˹ǵϴžɫȻû뵽ֻת˲ʱѣҶ쾹Ȼ˵ɱУһӱѵˡ
Ĺûʱʩչؼ
һ˴ĺ
ǵģĳ֣
ⲫ֮ս
ҶһĻϲ⼸һʵ̫ϵˣȻѡֶκͷʽ˵һ°

ҶȻһһɺ嫵Ŀ񳱣廯һ㣬ǿƥϵͨ
һȭһ̫ɽһ㣬Ȼĳһǿײ

һм˵¶һĨЦݣǵģڵ⣬ЦҲֻǳʱѣһȴѾ˴ۣصĴۣ
飡
ɲӳһ
Ҷǵ
顭
Ҷƴ貵ĹâĻһ˵ȭͷɲֱӵȥѵ˶ԷֱۺͰ塣
ɡ
һǿ߱ǿеѹ˵֮С
𽥵ģҶѾоˣҵĴ£һǿѾԼ˫Ŀڵǿߡ
ȻֻڴľģٵȴҲڴϣǲ۷ǿߡ
ЩڷڣǷ̰ҪѪ֡

ٴεĻӶȭͷҶ߱ߣϢһȭȭĻӶȥٲȻѾΧһʼݻǿĵزˡ

һ˷Ĳҽ֮Ѿ׵ȥ
ںޡ⡢ʡϡ
ǵģȫȻû뵽龹Ȼӵġ
ҶʵȻĲܻǣ֮սȴ뵽Ҷȴˣǿǲ༶Ͻ׵ǿߣҲԺһϸµģ
ɡ
Ҷĺȵ


1981 ߱
䡭
һǿҶע뵽˵֮Уһ̣ʼɲĹ⻪ϵöѸٵĿʼչ䶯֮еĵ濪ʼֳһʵʵĹЩֳɫīģֵΪޱǿķġ
ЩΪϵ֣ǵ֣ÿһöŻ
䡭
ҶٴεĽһͷŵ˵֮УеٵƾҶڵֶΣѾʼо֮еʼٵѣǵڶ
¡¡
һǿĺɫӰʼ˳Ӱаľڰĵ죬˫Ŀɺ죬ŭ
һ۷ǿߡ
Ҷ˷ܵĺ
ǿߵڵĿʼ۷ǿ߿ʼ˳
õطֻҪҲϵȥͿԵǿٻӿֲĶħ
Ҷ˫Ŀ˿˿âؿ˵
˫ĿȻһ漴ĳԶȥ
Ϊ죬ƣ
һŭԶ
ֻһǿȻĻӶƣһ޴ĵɽѸٵĳΧʼıŷǿɲٲȻѾʼΧһг׵ĸˡ
ϵֲĲ˲Ϣ˷Բʮ׵ľ룬ǿϢڻڷıŷš
һֶôֲҶ춼ҪΪ֮ȡ
޾ɽϵĹ֮ݻ޷ֿһΪϵߡ
һŭȻĴ˳֮УһɲĲȻǶޱȵĵӡ
ǿߵ¶һĨĹ⻪Ȼһ䣬˲ٴλӶȻת˲ʱ֮УѾնɱʮǿߣЩǿߣȻڲ༶½۷壬ǼǻˣԷǿͿֲҲ㹻ĺǳֹϣһɱС
ɱ֮ɱ֮һĵ͵ݻ޲һǿҵɱ⣬ļ£Ϊ֮
ҶڰСĽЩǿĲ༶½۷ǿߵٻԼĵ֮С
ĵһ˲õǿߡ
£ʹⲻ༶н׵ǿߣݲðڵ£ǲܹ
һֻд𣿡â˸Ȼ֮䣬Է͵һתȥɲâȻʼչ˳ת˲ѣȴѾǳס
ɲâʵһ㣬ȻĴҶǰ
˲ģҶϵĺëѾʼָо·Ǳһֻɲħ޸һ㣬ǿĺܣĺܣҶļ˿˿ľʹ
ã
дĽеҶٵʧԭӶת˲ʱ֮УѾʧԭ
顭
Ҳһ˲֮䣬ҶڵĵطѾһâնɱ˹ȥһâһǿϢ·ǷǵýҶնɱһ㣬ǿϢҶ춼޷ȥ
һ޴ıǱļһ㣬˲Ŀʼѵ漴Ļޣ޾̬
ۡ
Ҷ̲סһѪϵƤһۼ·Ҫһ
Ƥ𣬷Ǳնγ˲ưģ
Ҷɫ䣬һɾʹȴͷҲصĳһӴ˳ȥ
һǿ󣬱ҶЩǿ߶ҪɲǱԿҪɲ
һǿߣҶȻҪӡ
Ȼһδ
¶һĨ֮ɫ
ҶȴѾŶԷԾ˲ʧԭת˲ʧһѾӳ˰֮⡭
ÿµļһﰡҶĺ
죬ѾҶڵѾ𽥵ĸоԼʵҪɿ
ϣڵѾڶٶεĳ̶ϣٶΣǾǧļӳ֣ǿֶΣνļµģȴǲȻһʮᣬҵûдﵽһʮĳ̶ȡ
Ҷ˫Ŀ˿˿âȻԼĵ֮С
תһŭ𴫵˳֮д޷ڸǵİԵħΪ֮ļ£
Ҷ΢΢һǿֶʵĲڵ˽⣬ΪۣϵĴڣģûʲôҶо־ġ
𡭡
һŭȻĴ˳֮дһǿϢ漴ݻһ޴Ӱʼ
߱
Ҷ̲סʧе
߱ǿѾôܣ߱Ӧ˵ģⲻܳڵģҲҶ޷Ͽɵһ㡣
ϾûҶﶼܺԼһġ
𡭡
ٴεһŭݳһΣҶ൱ˣʱѾĳ
һϢ
߱Ϣ
ҶɫȻһ䣬ʧĽе


1982 죡
߱
һ˲õĴڣǿᣬӵſռϸ˵һ࣬ǶԷŹϵſеѪҲöԷǿΪһֹϵĴ档
ڣ֮УȻŹϵ߱ϢԵĲ򵥵ģ߱ʷϣʥģȻǲĸ߹ѪͳϿɣǲò˵ǵĸ߰ȴԵĲѷɫڶԷĻҲԸȥҲмȥЩа֮Ϊ飬аĵطȻΪа񣬵ȴҲаġ
ճ˵ǶȻĲģǲܺ͵մȾһ˿һĹϵġ
𡭡
ŭٴεĳ֣֮дޱߵʼţٴݻȥ
Ҷüͷ΢΢ѸٵĽȥ
ڰ
޾ĺڰڰӵڣаӵа񣬷·̫ʱڻδϢ
Ҷ񲻶ϵͷųޱ߹⻪ΪʼǱ롣
ڰԽĿʼ׳Ųϵ׳ǿڵʱҶ쿴â
ʵʰĹɺ֮˸ޱߡ
ʲô
ҶаԵľоԵŲԾĵط⵽ʲôȴ޷ȥ򵽡
𡭡
һŭ𴫵ݳһŭҶȻһϵĺëɲϢʳʵһ㡭
͡
׵Ŀʼ˳
ҶɫʼȻһͼȥ뿪ʱѾǰһС
ʲôֻɺɫ۾
߱ô߱
Ҷĺţϵı޷ţ
̫ˣ
ޱߵľ޴
ٲȻҪ񷶼һ㡣
ȥԷǾ޴׷·̫ɽѻһ㣬һ۾ɢаͿֲĹ⻪£ʼ͸񷡣
ŭһزǾ޴΢΢ĲԸоǬڱ仯
𡭡
Ҷĵڶ߱Ҳ˷һŭǳѡ˺ͶԷа塣
ͼ߱Ϊͼ߱
Ҷһϲ
ﶼеȼģߵȼŵ͵ȼǶԷεǿ󣬵ȴҲǿҵѹЧġ
Ҳˣ˵ڵҶĲǰһ߱ȻޱߵȴҲδصıԼĵڶҪֲΪԼһ߱ѪͳϵѪԷûʸͰ취Լа塣
ûᡭ
Ҷ˫Ŀ
ô޴һ߱ԼǽĻǾԿԼջġ
ȻҶ֮Ȼͼһ߱ҲܵģҶһڵ߱ԼȫĿԽ
Ȼһ߱ܵùĽȥ˵֮УʱѾޱȵˣǾôʱ֮Ȼڵа֮Ĵݲ£ԷѾʧȥԭָ߰ȴҲѾа֮
ûбΪԵʣǿеѹջ۵ʱ䣬ԷɳΪһĴڡ

ҶͷųԼĵڶ⻯ĳ֣޾ͷţҲҶƣ޾֮ͷų߱Ļʼѹȥ
𡭡
Ȼһʼ֣ȻǿѹѾöԷʼĵӡ
ħ֮󣬾޴ޱȵ߱ȫÿһļ棬۵Ϊֲޱһ㡣
ֻڣȴûа취ȥֿȥ仯ȥıʲô
һŭݳ֮ڵĶԷѾʼѪĲ

Ҷٴεŭһ֮ڵ޾ʼǣĴ䶯̰ޱȵĽħ߱Χ
䡭
Ҷһʼ֣ޱߵ㣬޾ı
ⱬʼ˳ҶľڱǿеĴݲеһȴٴεĻָȥ
һ̫߱޴ˣ߱һ֮УʷΪ޴һ𣬶Ҿôʱ֮Ѿ޾ԵҲǿš
䡭
һ۷Ķħͷ˳
ȻҶ쾪ϲޱȵı֮Уħʼ࣬ϵš
˷ܣޱȵ˷ܡ
Ҷ˫ĿѾڿʼ˫۷
һôֵ˷ܵ鰡

Ҷ֮ϣƵĹ⻪ĲţΪʵʡ
ʱҶѾоԼϣ建ضǾ֮ϣһⲻϱŷ˫Ŀʵһ㣬Ȼŷȥ·ǿԶһеء
ϵսսӰ
ȸࡢչ棬·һ㣬趯һƬ
׻࣬˫ȴһְԵ˫֮Ŀ䣬ŭ֮ıȥ˺ѷԲķΧ
ࡢ䷨࣬Ҳ˿ĲǿԼһبŵϢʡ
ս󡢲󡢰ڤ𡭡
֣ϵ˸ΪǿĹ⻪Ƿ·ǱԴһ㣬ǻһ㣬ʱƿնɱˡ
ҶľʱѾ޾һ߱ʱһ߱ƵϢһبޱߵĲһȻѾʧȥǣѪϵĴȴǿӵų󵽵ĿֲͶ֮
һǧ۷ǿˡڲϵ׳ţҵڲ׳ţôĴ۷ǿĳ֣ʣ˭˿Եֿ
Ҷϴ޾ĹâǷĹ⻪
һǧĴ۷ǿߣȻ˵Ų༶ǿߵĳ֣ûа취ֿ٣Ҷ쿴еȴһ㣬ֻҪŬ죬ЩǿħͻΪ༶ǿߣ༶ǿ֮ʣẦ˭
죡𣡡
֮УȻĴһبźĲһǿҶΪ֮󣬲ǿôõôҶٴεľѣϳһϵϢ
˫ֽӡһȭӡʼŷ
ȭݻȴѾϢ
͵죬̫һϣһΣҶõһٴε˽⵽ǿĺô
֣֮
֮
ֻأ
ȭϵͷųһ̣Ҷֵֻ죬߽ϣ˫
ʼŷҵȼҶľԭǿǧٱִǧٱǧٱԭӵĿֲǷһְԵ˫Ϣתս󣬰ڤȸ࡭֣ҪΪһʵˡ
䡭
һֲĺۼ֣ʱĳҶߣһ˿ٵĳΪ׵һˣĺ
ʲôϽĹ


1983 նɱ
֮дһֿµİԵʮ㣬һĿǣȻǶԷһλߵĵزϡ
Ҷ˫Ŀ˿˿âؿŶԷ
һˣǱˣʮһ硢Ž㣬Լǵ¡
ʱˣϴ˿˿ŭ⣬֮ɫϢתƻĲȴΪǱ;Ž㣬ߵʱ˴ƬѪۣеĵطѾʼɭȻİ׹ˡ
ҲҶ΢΢ĻһĻߣɭȻĺܣĪĳ
ʱҶѾоԼĵڵĿʼ˲Сı仯ˡ
һ޴߱ޱľ޴ǳҶƽ֮޴󣬾һԪδô޴󣬶õôĵĴ۷Ķħ֮
ٴε˸ı䣬໥ںϣ͵һ𣬵ʱҶһصʼɳ
һ̣ҶѾоԼڵƿؿʼøӵĿֲ
ٴεʮѲ˵ԼΪҲѾﵽ˴ľ硣
ǿ֮£ҶѾ˱ʤİˡ
Ķħǣ໥ںϣ˲һĹ⻪˫ı
ʼѣЩǿΪƷϵٻ˳
࣡
ϵԳ֡
ΪϵĵԣǿƥĲȻӣҶȴǿԷ˼
֮УѪͰԵǷޱȡ

ֻǿ֣߳
ǿߣÿһλ׵ĳ̶ϣƵΪµͭɫâһ˿â˸
˫ĿѪĲһۿȥԸоԼĺҪЩϢˡ
һԶԾ޴ĺɫͷţ϶ʥĻƽɫħʡ
بšǿа񡭡Ϣһ̳ɳ˼¡
༶½۷ǿߣ
һǵĶħ
ҶаԵļѡ
Ĵ۷ĶħΪ˼Ʒ໥ںϣɳֻ༶ǿߣȻ٣ҶȴѾޱȼĸо
Ϊ֣Ҳ㹻ˡ
֮⣬Ȼһĵطǲϵȥȥҵĵ»ٴεľģҵڶĵԭǲ̫ٻ༶Ķħģȴٻ˳ȫΪһ߱Եʡ
һʮˣǧһٱļӳ֣ټڱŷĴΪҶʵŲ༶н׵ǿҲʸȥʶġ
´ǿߣҲ᲻ġ
ı΢֮Ѿܲˣ㾹Ȼӵǣ
ŽȵĿʼŭӿʼҶ쾹ȻڷǶ谡
ˢ
Žˣǲ׵ϣŵޱĹâǳ˿˿âϵ˸ĽΧһжȥһ̣һֻɫӡѾȻĳҶĴ˹ȥ
ĿҶԴ
һֻӡȥ󣬵֮нӴһ˲䣬ȴ˸оΧĿռ䶼ƺڲ

֮У޷ڸǵɱŮˣȻҪϵҶ졣
ãɣ
ɫ΢΢һ䡣
ʲô֮֮УնɱֱͬϵѪƿܹܵ飬طȴû˿ֹǵġ
õϴŷ֮ɫĺ
ߡ
ҶһЦ
䡭
ҲʲôڰĻ󡢷ȴĳˡ
ڤƿķһϡ
׻ɱ·һɫɷһ㡣
ȸ࣬չ߷ɣޱߡ
ǿ̬ǾŽɫʼ
ܵģʲôŭ˳
ǿɶǲ༶½׵۷ǿߣ༶½׵СҪǿĶࡣ
ȴ֪ȫĲ֪ǰǸ۸ĶΪҶ죡
䡭
ŭݳⷨ໹ǻ󣬱޷ǿ
ҡҪ𣿡ŭĺȫû뵽ԼܾܵȻ췴ʵϺƺ൱Ĳ
뵽֮ȻĿʼѡʩչԼֶΡ
ӡƣӡƵȫĿԽ֪ļһƿ
䡭
һȻĴһصĿռ֮ͷųͼƿӡƵһĲһ̣һѪȴ˳
ܣŽӵӵķ
ͬʱģҶȴѾ̤߲Ѹٵ˾ŽǰĻͷѹ֮£Žγ˸һ㡣
˲䱻ѵΪĩ
顭
һֻ֣ݺݵĴ˾ŽԴϣҶģ˾Ž֮УΪԽܵļ䡣
ܡⲻܵģ
ŽԴѪǾϣʱޱ
䡭
ҶٴλӶƣһαղŵӵײޱȣǴʮ֮һ㡣
顭
ƻȭһȭĻ˾Žء
Ҷ첻ѡκεŮ˵ġ
һʼŮ˾ʹնɱԼǴûиԼ¹õɫҶǾȻĲùġ

ʮһ綼Ҫʼˣһеĳֶ̫Ŀֲˡ
ɱɱ
ŽĽѾ𲻿ˣǰһ޴ȭӡӣѪ⿴ȥǿֲ
֮Уûʹ֮ɫеֻ޾ķŭͷ
ҪˣȫķˣԼȻһС˰
͡
ӰѸٵĳ֣޾а֮ʼͷ˳
а֮ſֲޱߵĹ⻪ٴݻȥħ
༶Ķħǿߣ
ħǵų޺޵ǿص㣬ٶȿ٣ײѪκε޶ɱЧ
ɱ
Ҷ캮ȵ
ʱ༶Ķħţ˳
ǵٶȿٵľˣұκε޶ҪײУʩչҲȫĿԴһеʥࡣ
һʱɱ¾ʼŷ
ɡ
Ҷƴ˾ŽķڶԷʺԹע£һϵӡļӳ֣˲ѵ˶ԷԴ
ȴޱȵŮˣվĻǱҶնɱˡ
㾹ȻնɱǣҪ췴
Ӷһ޴еʮһ磬ĺ
µػ£ٵĿȫһ浹ӡƱҶȫĶˡ
û˿ɱ
͡
޴аħӦǴſֲɱ֮ȻĻӶȥ˲Ľʮһ糹׵նɱһϢҲ漴ĳҶԺ֮С
Ѫ
ȵһ̣ҶѾʧԭ漴ɱ¾֮ڶЩǿߵ޲ǵȥ
ҲҶʩչ˲䣬˭Ҳûз֣ԭ˹֮֮⣬ƺǱ˺ܶ࡭


1984 ֲѪ

Ĳҽ޷Įӣ֮У⻪˸ȴһ޷ڸǵķ
ӰѸٵĿʼ񱼣еһĪѹķ׶âӳ֣ǿݺ֮·֮УԽѹһ㡣
ҽˣϴԹɫϣͷ­ϣ޲Ѫ
ϴԹĹ⻪һ˫ĿͬǶߵĹ⻪һ㣬ʵ죬ΪԽѹͶ
ڣȴҶŲһ·񱼣ǿֲ޾ʹ̲סȥŭš
㲻˿ֲΪ㵽ʲôˣ
ڵĸо˲ԾǿֲΪϵؼԼɱ¾ϵϢȻĲԼǸ׳յܵ
ǰ˾Ǽðġ
Ȼ𣿡
Ҷһ˿ЦݣһԭŽâ˫ʱͬһ㣬ֱ͸䵽
һ۾
һ۾һһԺεȿֲ˫Ѫͷ񣬸Ͽֲɱ⣬ǿԼǰ·ĶħЦһ㡣
ǿϢޱѹֵĲ˶ʧȥһֿһսͷͷȴޱȵ裬޷ڸǵ衣
Ҳնɱ˰ɡ
ĺ
˵أ
ҶûȥֱӵĻشֻЦЦĿŶԷ
ҲҪɱ˱ɣ
˫ĿȻһڵʧȥԭİԵ֮ȴҲϵĴڣԵĺܡ
ʵҶЦһ﷢һߣȻһ
ž
һǶݺݵػӶ·ؼƲһ㣬κε˶޷ȥֿһ㣬һֱӴĶԷϳһɲĺۼ
ޱȵļ¡ޱȿֲ
ڵزˣ㾹ȻںҶԿ𣿡
ҶЦ˵
նɱôˣֻ֮ǣĵӺô֪ʲôط֮⣬ǹϵʥͺڵĵطںڻļһ뿪δûתһеĻ㽫Ϊ֮ҪնɱĶ󡣡
ͼĹȰҶ졣
ǺȻģԷֶζҶ˵û˿ļֵ
֪ΪʲôҪ𣿡
ҶͻȻЦ
ǡ
ɫȻһ䣬ΪѾˣԼڵһʲôط
ķֳ⻪̬·ΧĿռ䶼ڱʻˣʵĿռɢһ͵ϢȴһޱǿҵĲ
·һһ㣬ȻʵĻȴϾ˿ֲĲʱĶȥʮһ㡣
ΪˡѪ
֮дһֲϢڵ֪ˣΪʲôԼЩºֵܽöѾˣԼȴȥ
Ҷ컹ҪķôԼһֱߵ
Ǽƻ֮УҪնɱĵطҲһεҪĿĵءѪڣ
㾹Ȼ֪ǵļƻô֪ǵļƻ
Ҷ죬˶ʼ޷ŵĴ
Ѿ²⵽ˣ
Ҷ˫ĿɺԽԣұղŸ޾Ѫɱ⡣
Ѫ
ǿѪһ
ֱֻϵѪײŻʸ
ֱϵѪףޱԴ˵ܾ裬ȴҲû˵ȥɱ
ȴһģֻҪ㹻أǾû֪֮󣬱˲²ΪǿڸɱĶѡ
ֱϵѪףȻҲǡ
Ѫɸӵ㣬ĻҲ˱Ҷѡ񵽡
νʮһ;Ž˵ļֵӴ
㡭㲻ܹɱңɱңһˣ˭Ҳ޷ģ㽫Ϊ֮׷ɱĶضҪնɱ
֮вϵĳֲĹ⻪ǵʼѵĹ⻪
𣿡
Ҷһ˿⡣
֮еĿֲһϵĿֲھһ㣬ҶȻĿԸо֮еڷıš
ôĲ༶ǿߣ޴ĵٴε˲Сĸı䣬ƺǵĺһϲǰҶĹ⣬ֻҪǧᣬ᳹׵ľѳǿ
ۡ
ֱڶԷ޷ŵ֮УҶֱӵƿ˶ԷķѪţļҶ֮г֣ұѸٵںϵѪΧ·ǻһ㡣

һڱŷͼܣȴҶץУ˲
ѪϵӿǼһҲʼҶ쳹׵ĶںϵˣܿҶѾеļ䳹׵ںѪĳ֣ΧĻҲԷŸı䡣
ָıǿֲ·Ǵһԡ
䡭
ϼɢҶǰȻĳһ޴ĺڶ
ڶԼ׵ֱӣеڲϵӿһǿİԵ֮
ˢ
Ҷ콫ȱٵӵ˵֮УҲѸٵ˺ڶ֮С
¡¡
һӳ֡
һ⻪ĳӣٶȿƻǷǶԷʹĵط˲ʱ̱޾Ļ֮
ҫһҫ
ǡ
Ҷ΢΢һһâɺ໥ʼٵĳҶǰ
ת˲֮ѣһ֮УҶ֮Ѿ˶Էݣһ޾Ѫ
ЩΪϿֲֲǷ·ǿ˵ľ񶼱һ㣬ȻŶԷԳǧ׵ľ룬ȴһޱȺصơ
ٲȻһһ
Ҷűһɾ޴ѹȥ
𡭡
һŭҫӱһһ㣬޾Ҷһ޴ĺɱ

Ҷɫ΢䣬û뵽Ȼ顣
ѪԵǷоԼĺϿʼüΧĿռ䶼ǿеѹţоԼжܵĪƣ޷ȥͳһ㡣

ֵ죬ֻֿɲȭں̫⾳ͨĿɲȭ
ֻдзɿγɡ
һ޴̫ӡһĺۼŶԷ˹ȥ

һ캧صı֮ΧĿռ䶼ڿʼѵҶ弱ٵĳź浹ȴ͵ٴ̤㣬ѸٵĽԼӵ˼¡
ǧһٱӳ֣Ʊҡƣ


1985 ԣ
䡭
ɶ̬һ㣬ǾâǱҶκεһâҪֲΪĹ·һмӳһ㣬ǿϢҶ챾˶״εĸоһ޷ƥеζС
Ǿ˵ĸоҶȴûȥ⡣
ֻǸоѣǲȥսĻǾҪˡ
ս
һģԶĴݳɲ֮䣬㣬·بŵ񷣬ֻһ
ռ䲻޴󣬵ȴַ·ޱȾ޴϶ʥһİԵ֮һƼӳ֣漴һƿٵصĳҶ˹ȥ
ߡ
Ҷ͵һͬһ㣬ݻ˹ϵߵ̬߲ݻ˼µı֡
ٴλȭ
ֵ죬ֻ⾳ٴεĽһ֣֮֮ϿֲڵӰıӳֵҶϡ
顭
һޱߵȭ⣬ȻĴ˳
һ޴ȭ⣬·ǿԿϵһ㣬ĺҶڱ
䡭
ǿȻײһ
ۣ֮
Ҷüһ׵ƿգΧһУת˲֮䣬Ѿһг׵Ķ
ֻǰɺɫѪɢ˭İԵ֮һķѻһУΪһӰ
Ӱıʮֻ޴˸ţһԲ˫Եޱȿֲ;ˣһʥһ㣬ٴεĳҶɱ
ս
һΣҶ﷢ս
Ҫˣ
䡭
Ϣתϼƣȭͷһ㣬ϵĿʼ
ÿһȭһǳļӳ֣ŶһʮƵļӳ֣Ȼıȥ

߿ʼⲢĿռ֮УѸٵĿʼŷÿһȭǷǺӣԴ棬Ϊ֮
ȭͷ໥ײһǿԽһжѹ
顭
ٴεײһߵĳź浹ȥ
ǿעҶ챾ޱǿᵫȴҲһǿõ˲ѡ
ؼ컯ԹϵΪصĴ컯Ϊ񴸣񹤣ڣΪʲôȴس֣֮дһֿɲԹޣǶڲԹޣԹޣĲ
˾ˡôķϻˣûʸȥʣ
Ҷ˫Ŀ߰趯ɫ˫Ŀ絶һ۶˸оԼһľʹ
֮𣿡
оҶϳֵĿֲһӰﻺؿ˵֮ȴһ˿ĲƺǶҶƸоޱȵľȡ
û뵽㾹Ȼǿķ򡭡
ٴεĳ֣ȴسҶĳһơ
һƺǵͬСɣԼĿԿһϵֳ
񣡡
ϵ־Ȼһӡ
ŵϿֲ
ߡҶһһϵֳϡ
սӡ֣
ϵһᣬһҶսѪۣϿֲ
ϵ֣ٴεıҶʹҶҲһ⣬ٵĿʼչֳݻ˷ͬСɵ
¡¡
ΧĿռȫƿˣΪҶǿеġ
Ҷ·һںһȫĲϵ֡
䡭ѪĴ˳ȥϢСӡֱӵıҶķѡ
һ֮УҶȴһִ֮ŵͻ˫ϢڶԷŭ֮УǲƵġӡٵС
ںϡ
ǵģоҶоˣԼӡһҪǰ໥ںϵĳ嶯
žžž

ۿԼĹֱӶߣͿֲķŭʼ˳
䡭
ҶٵĻӶԼȭͷͶԷĿһǲѡõֵĺôߵģҪһնɱ׵
֮꣬üһԷٵŭŭ֮ȴĳϢȻһѾҪƴˣѡֱӵƴԼһֶζ׵ĸˡ

ռ䳹׵ıѪµһ־˵̲꣬صǱѰĿֲʱȻԷȼˣежôĿֲҶ춼޷󵽵ġ
ԷȫʢʱڵһҶǶȻĲܽԷӵġ
һƣޱȾ˵Ĺ֮ѸٵıŷΪϿֲѻһγһɲȼŹ泯Ҷ˹ȥֻҪһ̣ԷտԽҶնɱ
ۡ
Ҷ׻һ㣬³һѪǿֲҶޱȵǿᣬȴҲûڶʱ֮ڳ׵ĵֿסǶԷڵڵȼԼõһ꣬еǿ޵Ľӽ˲༶н׵۷ز
Ҷ޷ȥֿס
ȣ
Ҷ˫ĿüһľʹһµѺ۳˳˿˿ѪȻܵĳִ֮Żֵ̬
䡱
ڵıһ޴Ӱ˳

Ŀǰȷе˵ǿŶԷڵѪų
⡭Ϊϵ񣬹ϵôǿĴڣⲻܵģҪõõҽĴΪϵĴڡ
͡
Ҷһ㣬Ȼһ
ͷųޱߵ˿˿⣬˵Ѿûˡ
֮ì
Χһì֡
ǡΪǿһ־ˡ
ǱκεһؼҪֲ
Ϊնɱų󵽵
ʱҶ趯ǻ֮ìȻıȥ˲Ŀʼ˶Էĳ֡
ۡһâ˸Ҷһ֮ìڵĶ˶Էüġ
ɣ
ʼ˳
ĴڣΪǿĴڣΪʲôΪʲôҪӶң
Ĳҽ˳Է֮дһֿµԹ·ǳ޵һԹ
ҶûһһԵϢȻĳ˳
һöϵֳΧչֳһĿֲϢ
ںϡˣҶһ֣ԷʧһĲ
һϵ֣Ϊ֮һ
սӡԼӡ໥ں֮󣬲γˡԡӡ
ͬʱҶӶȭͷ¡أһĹѣųĹ⻪ԽⷽԲķΧҫ
ĳ֣Ե֮޷Ŀֲ;ˡ
ڵһȭӶȥȻĽԷ׵Ļˡ
žһһѪҶɵõС


1986 þ֮
һɺʥâѪͬһһ㣬ҶвϵţƺʱҪƿһ㣬Ҷѹȴû˿ķֱ֮ӵʧȥƿء
޾ҫ⻪Ҷ춼̲סİĶѡ
Ѫ𣿡
Ҷ˵
ʱΧռڷĲȻղŵսѾҪһдĿʼˣ˵ﲻ֮ͻ᳹׵һʷΪһοհף׵ʧʷ̺ͳ֮С
Է꣬ҶõĲ࣬ΪԷѾȼ˴󲿷ֵ꣬ȻҶõϢҲӵϡ٣һϢȴҶ൱ӵġ
ڶԷ֮УҶ췢֣ûʧһط

ŹϵͿµǿߣ༶ǿȻ㲻ߣȴҲԲ١
ҶڵʵԿһλ༶н׵ǿҲûжٵѹģһԷ˲༶н׵۷壬ٶһĻƱػɻԵĴ
Ҷ޷Եġ
Ų༶Ͻ׵ĵزĻҪɳΪһ˲õĴڣǶȻĲܵ顭
ҶаԵĸ̾
ѪҶôȻҲСȴԲƷǿ󣬶ԷΪǿĹѪ˵ǷͬСɵġ
ȻҪѪȴҲҪǵѪҵĺôҲ㲻СĺôȴڵϡҸоҪĿĻǾ͵Ҫ
Ҷ˫Ŀâ˿˿ɺ˸ԵĻǺҪһȫնɱʱ뵽Լĵ֮УԼĵ»ɳһ޷󵽵ĵز
ҶоˣԼĵڻС
֮ϣҶ쿴ΧʼѵĿռ䣬ȫû⡣
Ű˲ͼʮ˲ȭؼơ֣ںϵҵ֮УȴɴˣҵĸϣĶֻһЩϵǿϿֲҵս񣬶ȻĲܹӷûˣҪ͵Լҵ໥ںϵ׵ķӵ£
ҶڵĿʼӦ˹ʱһֱͼȥʩչԼȫϾ뵽˴ľ磬һҪ뵽˲༶ľ硣
ʵǸоԼƺܵĳѹһ㣬Ҫȥıȴûа취ԭط
ô죡
Ҷ˫Ŀһ˿âѾ˾

ҶҪ֮⵱ԼĳϵȥԼԼֻ꣬ӲܹԼǿ֮׵ķӳǸʱԼΪҲȻġ
ϵٳĿֲ˭˶޷ȥϺ͵ֿģ˵ҵƽ뵽ʮεʱǾǧٱļӳ֣һҵΪ;ȥǾ൱ǧһһ֣֮û˿ҵĶֵģһ뵽˲༶ľ磬Ҫ˵ǲ༶Ͻǿˣǲ༶Ҳʸȥʶ
Ҷ˫Ŀ΢΢ĶţԺ֮Уϵݻ޾似Щǿؼӻ֮ìǴѷ־ǿľѧ
أҶĹ⻪ʢıŷϹâѾ㹻ռøӵĿɲҡҡ׹һ㡣
䡭
Ҳ֪ȥ˶೤ʱ֮ڵģһɲı֮һֲӰ͵Ĵռ֮п񱩵ĳ
ϴ˸ͬǱһǿǿռĲΪԷĿֲٶڲǿţǻһǿĲ
ȡ
ҶŭһٶԽԽ죬ݻΪһâ
䡭
һ޴Ȼĳ֣𶯵·ǿһľ޴𺳣Χ涼𶯵Ȼһһ֮УҶ΢΢һȻĿһϵĹ⻪漴תȥ
⻪䣬޾ʼγ˲ȸ绢ħǡӰ
ӰϵݻȥٴһĿһ޴ĻɽͶƺһ㡣
ΧȾޱҫ

ҶѸٵ˾ﲻ׵Ŀռ֮漴˿ռ
оĳΧĿռ䣬·һ޴ըҩһ㣬ڷĻĽҪƳһ㡣
ǰϿֲĳ̶ȣѾΧȾǿ
ϼɢӰӣֲѹԵĳ޹ͷţǿԴﵽѹĳ̶ϡ
ۣ֮
ҶüһʱΧıռȫûа취ֿסĹ۲죬˲ʱ㱻ע⵽Χı仯
ʲô
Ҷɫ΢΢һ֮۵ǰһжޣȫı쵽ˡ
֮۵ע֮£һȻ
һޱߵĹǧףطģƺһĹһ㣬һƻһ㣬âɢʹӰš
ǿֲĹҶоһ˿ɵ
ǡþ
Ҷ˫ĿȻһ֮¶޷ŵɫһ޴мĽ
þֱ֮Ϊþ֮ţһ϶ʥʹõıһ֮УǷɱֲһǿߵ
ö
Ҷ˫ĿȻһԺ֮Ѿ˶Էļ¼
þ֮Ŀֲ֮ŴﵽߵĲϣǿռɱ˶ޱɺ׵ģǵ˵ĻǶκεһǿ˵ޱġ
Ҷ쿴еȴǶԷǿ󣬶صҶѾоˣһþ֮棬̲ſֲԼһħ߱ҪֲͻԼǽӵ˵֮Уµõĺô
ಡ
һĲӰʼˡ
ʱһɹɺ嫵Ϣʼת
µıӦǵʥþ֮
ǿֲϢ֮Уһ˿ڻ˵
Ӧ˵ģʥɱ˵ĲǵõĻҵΪɱġ
ߣʹõʥǹǿıȫΪҶģҿԵõĻʵǻͻͽġ
ȻǿıϿֲĴڣκεһ˶޷ȥĮӵģȻҲ˵Ⱥڴ


1987 
ǿıҶֵĻƱػ˵עģЩһʵڲ༶½۷壬ǿĿҲڲ༶н׵ĵزȫҿȥӦģҵСĵȥԴĻǾǶĪֻ
Ҷֹš
䡭
һıƺ;޴ʼ֣ռı֮УҫĹ⻪ϵͷź˸š
Ŀռȫı˵·ȫԭĿռɣγѵĺڶ
ʮλǿѾע⵽ע⵽޲һ˵еĲþ֮
µıȫΪҶģ˭ǵҺᣬǾ
һ͵Ŀںȵ֮УҫĹ⻪˸һ˫һǧ׸ӰȻһ漴ʩչͨӰ͵ĳһ޴Ĳþ֮ץȥ
һʹӰķģԷֵ˲䣬ЩҲڼӳ֡
أһֲǿߣԷʵǲ༶½׵۷徳磬ľѧȴޱȿֲǡ֮⡶֮ޱȾˣſԽ͵
ĺܣһһʽʩչ·̲һַǱѰǿᲨʱԷĳ֣Щһֱֻ۴ĵùһǣֱˣһҫ͹⻪
һʵҶ춼Ϊ֮ȵĺܣԷֶѾ㹻ıһ༶неѰǿˡ
أôĵӣҿϵĶҲȥᣡ
һߴ˳ʱһݿŵǿӰֵĳؾһ˦˹ȥ
飡
žžž
ͬϹŵһ㣬޾Ĺ⻪˸漴ľǿֲ˵ĵ䣬µɱļµ˼¡
ۡ
ԭǸ߰ޱȵأȻһƵĴ˳ȥ˶Ѫֹһ֮УȴѾֱӱǵһĿ裬˳Ƶ˰
һ
ǿ޲һ
ʵ̫ɲˣֵһУͿԴﵽ˵ĳ̶ȣȫһư
صʵ㹻ʶһĲ༶нǿߵģǰȴ·ֽһ㣬һжûа취
ΰĴڣ̳һΰһǵ񣬴еһǿߣ֮˼£ӶԹΪݻ˵ޱȿֲĴڰ
׿һʵȴҲǵȫȻһģߵٶȶǳĿ죬ǵӵеٶȣ׵ƻӵľһЩ
Ȼ߽һΪȴǸӿֲġ
ղŲɱң
طΧľ˲ĻָԼİ壬ȴżɵɫƺǲȥٴεĳˡ
ĿֲǾ޷󵽵ģһﵽľ˳̶ȣѾ㹻ļޱˣظղŶԸоղǿնɱԼһ㡣
أ𣿡
˫Ŀ̲֮ſֲĵâ·ʱĶƿһ㣬һ㡣
ǿֲϢض̲סĵһϴžı飬Էֲѹȥ
Ȼ˵þ֮ޱȵľ˺ͿֲǱ˵ԼȴƺǸӵһЩģͶԷĽаĻԼδػռʲô˵ġ
뵽Щ֮ȻԹޱȣ˫Ŀ֮ԹޱȣȴȻĲٴεĳֵģĻԼһζҲ磬ԷնɱԼҲžԵɡ
ߡ˭
ȥ¶һĨмɫ˫ĿŵâЦſΧǿǣĺȵ
ģѵ˵Ҫõǲþ֮
ѵһĳȻҪһõ𣿡
һΣûôõĻ˰
еģҪԿĻǾԵûʵģһѾ˵УͷųʮĿ񳱡
һ仰һ༶н׵ǿ˵ģһʸͶԷа壬ȴҲûΪһսսĻǺܻܿġ
ߡ
һȻһ漴ƻûһʼ裬޴ſЯϿֲĲһ޴Ĳþ֮ʼҧȥ
𡭡
һ޴ŭ˳ʱþ֮ƺǸоǵĿֲһ㣬Ȼ˲ʱ̿ʼҲжٵֶΣֻǶһ
ʱһռѵһ̣Ȼ֮ĵطٴεĻž޴Уݺݵиȥ
顭
ѵˡ
ֻת˲ʱѣȻӱѵˣʲôʥһǿ߰
ڰҶ춼ҪΪ֮ˣ֮͵һܿþ֮ڲһǿĲ
ǡþ֮˵ǶԷ飡
Ҷһļѡ
һ飬еĿֲȻ޷󵽵ģҶ첻ȥģǶԷ
һ֣Լ
޵һ֮ҶգԼ֮ת˲֮ʱ̣㽫
ƿһ޴Ĳþ֮
ߡ
ǲþ֮˲иԼĳ֣ɫʱһѿҲѹ֣һǿߣϵĴڣȻһԼĽǴȥĻ»Լĵλ϶ܵӰ죬Ǳ֪ĻȻĻܵǵĳġ
ʲôȻһӦˡ
˶ʱĿʼֹ֮Ľͼǳ޵εȵ
ȻڳЩ˵Уûа׳ԴڣȻĿԸоһǺεȵĿֲ;ˣǿԶԿǿߣǱǵõĻһô˵鰡
ʣ޷ڸǵġ
Ļ쵰
Ȼһ˵ĳ֣
֣֮
ڿնȻݻҫ͵âֹ⻪ֳľ޴󲨶ļ£ģǲþ֮һʮ˵ӡÿһӡһ޴ĵ֮֡
޷󵽵֮
ϡ
ƺǸоֵ֮ĿֲͷǷΧĿռѾסģ޲һþ֮овһǿҵı֮͵һ
ʱϢʼ񱩵ĳˡ
ʲô
찡ʥ֮°
£
֮
һĿֲ⻪˸Ȼһǿ
һֵʱΪ֮
ɲһǽӽʮεĲ˷
˭˵ҳ֣ⶼǱģҪ𣿡
ɫ䣬ǵ֮־ȻЩµıĴˣǿֶΣЩˡ
Ҳ̫ԵˣһҪôĿ±ôĲ³
ǰֵǣ
ߣһССѲɻ˲ɣ
ҲʱһߵĻӰٵı˲ʱ̣Ǿ㵵ı֮Уٵĳ֡
ҲԷʲôȻſ˫ۣһ̣˵Ӷĵɳ
ЩʥȻһ˿ģûбԷԹԵˡ
ң
Ҫˡ


1988 սʮ

һӰ͵һĻһֲĲӰӰ˸ʧԭ
顭
һֻ֣ǿеĴ߶ĺۼΧĵתΪֲһ㣬ǾǶԷĳޱȵѸ٣ȴҲûа취ֻܹŭҪɱ㣡
ֵ䱦ӷˣҴֿɼôӴ»˭޷
Ҷ컮һ㣬Ԧǿ߲ʩչͨʼ񱩵ĻӶ˲뿪˶Էʮľ롣
Ҷٶȿٵľˣ󽫵õЩֱӵ˵֮С
ڵʼǿеķЩʥر޲ǴǿΪĹ֮ڵ˵ޱϲġ
ת˲ѣЩرѾ˷ŭȺŭ𣬸ƺģ
һɹ֮ɣеƣÿһöϵɲĺܣǿĺܡ
ʱƺǸо˵ʴǿȻıһϵԺյǺӣ·һһ㣬󲻶ϡ
Ȼͼʵǿɲ
Ҷ΢΢һ
Ҫ췴ɣҶȡǵ
һǼĴ󺺣ŭĺ޴񸫳Ҷķǽ̤㣬·̤Ǻһ㣬ıһһƬıƳ֡
ߡ
ҶһߣȻһ˳ȥ
Ȼûа취ʱ֮ҶҲȥʩչһ
ʩչʱǿվȻֳǳÿһöޱߵ漴ںһ
䡭
޴֣ϵʼ񱩵ӿȥĿȻһһ㣬ȻľһУҴɱ֮Ǵ˵İ
顭
˵ֱӽһ༶½۷ǿ߾漴ȥת˲ѣȴѾһǿߵ׵ѵˡ

󺺵ѣԴȴûлһһ֮䣬ΧĿռɼĿʼ֣ӴޱߵľԪת뵽ڣ˸Ĺâͼٴεĳȥ
ս裡
е޴񸫣·ɣͬ޴ɽһ㣬Ȼսһأޱߣ֮ϣâ˸һϵս

Ҷĺߵ֮ɢ˼£ͬһ㣬֮䣬·裬ÿһε趯Χһпʼ£ı
͡
˺յŷ˳ȥ˲綾һ㣬û뵽˶Էüġ
顭
ҶעУǴ֮ǱѰĿֲֻת˲ѣȴѾĽ顭
ˢ
һץֱӵĽ˵˲ץסӵ˵֮С
ʱĵѾʼĪĸı䣬һĵ֮ʼϵɣֲĲ༶ħһ㣬̰ĽΧа֮ʼעԼٴεıžĲΧ

һͬǹ˵Ӱ֣Էޱȣϵĳãȴһһ㣬˸Ĺ⻪˽ҪΪ֮Ĥ
˵ٶȷɿ죬·һһ㣬ת˲ʱȴѾҶı󣬻ӶһȭȭķɲǼʱȴѾҶС
ۡ
޴֮Ҷ챾ʵǿᣬǿУȴҲû취ȥĿԷΪһ༶н׵ǿߡ
ڵĿѪ֮УҶ˫ĿȴǰδеĹ
ҪЧ

֮ȥֶȥͶԷ
ؼ󡢷ࡢ򡭡֣ȫȻĲȥʩչڵҶֻҪƾԼȥսƾԼٶȥֿס
ΪҶһָоԺԻһսһսʷǰĿֲԼһжûа취ȥﵽԼҪЧģֻԼΪģ˵ڵҪȥЩȥʩչ
ȣ
Ҷ쿪ʼˣȭͷͬһž޴ʯһ㣬ŵͻϢһϵĴ֮ΪȻĿʼ֡
֮֡
Ҷʩչʱһֲı֮ʼ
ˣȻһѾԷٴλӶȭͷʼֿ
䡭
ⲫ֮ս
Ҷ˫ĿɺɫĹ⻪ڶԷ㵵֮УٵʹԼұۣһǹһ㣬Ȼı
ˡ
ҵĦͱ֣ݺݵػһ˵
顭
ɲıƺĦҲ֮֡
ۡ
һѪ֣Ҷǲѡ飬ٴεĽ·һһ㣬ϵĻӶԼȭͷÿһȭǿ
Ҷʥ壬ǹϵ֮ſʸȥӵеϵĿֲ
˵˼£ǲ༶Ͻ׵ǿ߶ĿԺҶ
ӲҪ˵ǰһ༶нǿˡ

ֲٴεĳ֣ȻĻ˶Էﵽ˳ǧΡ
ȭͷÿһȭʵʵĳ֡
öԷڲѪʼ䡣

ǹĺ

ҶٴεĻȭ֣һȭ·ب֮ĵһȭ谭ռеĹ֮޷ȥ谭
ΪںϵǴ֮ѰȻȥʹ֮Կ
һȭνҵǿ
ۡ
ڵһȭĳ֣ǹ˵ϣһĹ⻪ȻĿʼѣ·ڹһѿ漴Ļ˷ĩ
ӰҲȻɢȥγһĴڣٴεıҶǿеѹȥ

˫ȭݺݵػ˶ԷߣǿֲĴ֮Ϣʼ֣һһаΧ
䡭
ڵģһ༶½׵Ķħ˹ôǿߣѾתһ
Ҷ첻ϵսȭʼԽԲڿʼѪһ㣬ѪҺͬһѪħһ
顭
ս£Ҷڵž죬׵ڱϵĿţȻڵҶѾԼ˼¡
ȻϳһɲѺۣ˫֮Уȴ·ħһ㣬̹ǵļͿֲ
һֲս⡣
һö϶ɲֳΧµɢš
ԡӡ
Ҷ֡
ԡӡΪϺʥµ֮һеҪһ£ȥҪܳʱġ
ҶһöȴԼںϺ͵ģеתӵ⡣
ɱ
ըףķ񷶼ڲҶһȭȥȻһǿ߱ɱУ׵Ļ⡭


1989 Ϣ
ɱ
ըףķΪ֮ҡҷһŭǺѲ
ɱɱɱ
صɱ¾ۼЩۼһ𣬹һǰĿֲ档
ĪҪһζնɱԼֵܽãֱС
һǿ̲סıˡ
·ߣǱļǿԿŰԵӿ
Կ
Ҷ˫Ŀ˿˿âû뵽Ȼٴεһ
ԷǾѪͳǹϵĪͽ˺ѹҲǲܵ顣
ҶһȻһ˿ɵȴǵӺͺ¡
һڵƵĲç֮Խأ·ǿʱĺʼƳһ㣬о˶ԷϵõǿƣҶиӵľǰԿڶʱû֮ھȻ˲༶½׵۷徳硣
Ӳ༶½׵༶۷壬ɵҪʱ۲ɣҪͻƵĻҲǶȻĲ˶ݵʱͻƵġ
裬Ҷ˫Ŀŵɺ죬Ȼĳ֡
ս
Ҫս

Կߵһǿŭ
ȫû뵽ƽޱȵȻʱѡ֡
䡭
Ҷһȭȥʱض·Ǳһѹȥһ㡣
һ̣һ޷ȴݺݵزű˳
¡¡
ͬһϢһ㣬ֲȭϵƳŶԷ׵ȥ
顭һ༶½۷ǿ߾ȻҶһնɱҴ
ʲô
ǿ޷ŵĿǰһС
һնɱһ༶½۷ǿߣѾһޱҫͿµ飬ʲôʵȻǿʲôʱ飡
ôĵӣҿǻζˡ
ԿϴŰԵĻߣȻŭһһֳֻҶݺݵĴ˹ȥ
ˡ
һ޴ʮӰɿɣһϴ޾ƵӰÿһǾһһ㣬ԵǷ·ĿһۣоԼĺϿʼü

ҶϢ΢΢һɬȫû뵽һﾹȻ̶ˡ

ԿĶ˲ĳ֣ٶϿȥʵȴ൱Ѹͣת˲ʱѣȴѾҶǰһƷ·𺭸һأȫûֱӵҶһȥһɽñ飬Ϊ촷ۡ
Ҷûжʵڵĳ̶ȿԶ࿪ȴȥΪľԼõһֵĴ
䡭
һֺֻȻĳ֣
һֻѩ񣬷·û˿ʵİһ㡣
ȫû˿ɱǾһֻȴݺݵصֿסǰһӰӰ
ʲôԿӶҪɳ
һֵֻ˲ǱҶ챾ˣ
ɱ
ƺૣȴԿ˵Ķһ͵ӡ
£
ʵ̫ˣȫ޷Ҷ֮е״һֶô˵
顭
ȭʮ
ҶȻĻȭǳĺͶʼɲı·һȭѾǿԴ߶һ㡣
ۡ
һȭصĻԿ壬ֱӵĴķǿеһǰһ춯صı

񱩣ԿȻĳһɺ嫵·ԴԴһ㣬ȻֿסҶȭͷ롣
ơ
裬·ħһ㣬ҶȻһӿֲĳ̶ϣʱȾѪѩɭȻİ׹ѾĿȴ޷ֿס֮
顭
һȭ֣ӳ֣ǿֲȭ󽭴һĿӿȻĽԿ׵Ķˡ
ۡ
ѪʼӿҶ͵һȻԿı
顭
Ƶ֣ԿҶ˺ѣһ޴Ѫǿ֮ϡ
΢΢ĲҶ΢΢ĺһղǽȫĽ֮սȻȥЩƽȣʵȴҶļ½еġ
ļͽǴʱѾ˲ڶžڵֿԷĳ֮ʱܵĿֲֻ
áɱСӣ
ҡҡ׹ԿΧǿǷ׷׵ŭ
ˢ
ҶһץסԿ˵֮УٴεĽ뵽ɱ¾֮С
ȭʮ⶯񷣡
˫ҶȥޱȵǱѪⲻϵıݲеһ˵ĵزҶȴû˿ʹһ㣬ɻΪ˲սһĳš
һһʽĪ̲ž춯صĿֲÿһȭ㹻ӵһµĵز
ɱ
һˣҶ˫ѵ֮Ҳĵ

ڵĴϢţҶ¶˿˿Ĳߡ
ղŵս֮УҶʵ̫Ŀֲ˵㣬ûһ˿ʱȥ˼
žž
һ֮УΧĿռâһĻ谵ȻǱҶǿеɽ˴µġ
Ҷļ֮ϵȴ׵Ļָ˹ȣǱԭǿ
ҶҪЧѾˣȷʵҪȥģ˵ڣڵҶѾоˣԼϵͬǳʵһ㣬ƺǽҪҵĳʱĶԱԼҪ
ڵǼĻӦһĲ༶½۷ǿߣԸǲ༶нǿȻ٣ȴҲնɱ
ҶȴǺǲ༶н۷ǿߣԼˣ׵ˡ
ǿᣬΪǿģһָ
ҶѾԼ
ʩչѲ񷣬ժȡǳ£ǺӡҶҪЧҪ
ٴεĴϢһ֮ǰٴεĴļ
䡭
Ҳ֪ս˶ٴΣҲ֪նɱ˶ǿߣǴʱĵ֮Уֵܹǿ༶½۷ǿȴѾﵽʮ
ʮħÿһԼĶ
һĻҶҪӦûѹƣǾԺѵġ
ʮħÿһ𶼴ܵĵ֮޷ݵĿֲѪͰ׹ǶѻǵϣѪ֤ɱ¾ĺۼ

ٴε³һҶƽϢԼģɱ¾̫࣬㲻ľһƽ
Ӻš
ڣҶٴν뵽һոµ֮Уһһʽ·ǿԴ棬ӵһ۷ľ磬ÿһļⶼҪˡ
ˡ
֮Уһ΢һҶ˫ĿڵĿʼ
ֲѾǵһγˣʼʱҶ첻⣬ȴѾˣ˵òȥ⡣
䡭
һ񳱣漴һӡγɣһӡ൱Ĺϣǹ޾ķ籩
һļ俪ʼҶԺ֮г֣ҶɫҲȻޱ࣬Ǵһֿϲ


1990 絶
⡭ǣ
ＤޱȵĴҶ֮ж˿˿ķ
һӡ֮аһ䣬Щݺ٣ȴҲ㹻ҶΪ֮ˡ

֮֮оȻ
һô鰡
Ĵ󲿷ְҶ˽Ļ࣬ǾˣҲԸоԼŰ˲ͼһޱµġ
еԼʵȻĿԴ򿪣ʱԼͿƿصĴڡ
ǿĴڣҲԺԿʥ˼ǿֶκ͵ˡ
һϵĵ·Ҷķǰسǰһ·ĺǹ죬Ӵһֲӵĺۼ
ϸ˵Ⲣһ·һ׹Ǻ͹ϵĲʬѻʬǴ
ҶѭļϢѰҵĴĹʬÿһǲƵģ¶ɭȻϢ
ǿݵצƺǻɢɭȻϢȻҶ֪ЩĹʬƳĿֲϢȴޱȵļ¡
䣬һֲĻ濪ʼǰ
ɱ¾ޱߣһֻֻɫѸٵĽѵ
͵һѩǹƿ˲񷣬ʼһִֻƶȥ
ɿֲֶ·һʷʵƺһѪȡ
ĶħŭŶ۵ĸߴħűɫĶаħ˫Ŀɺ죬ͷɷħǿߡ
һ࣬ɣ˰ɫ֮߳ΪʹǵͷϴŹ⻷ϴҫƿصʥı֮дɱ¾
߹ϢΪʥһ㣬ǰȾκε˶ҪΪ֮Ĥһ㡣
䡭
ǹƣݺݵĴһ𣬿ֲĿʼһսĿʼϵѪ֮ս
ɱ
һ˳֮ҪһеаȻһ㣬ƺҪǿڸȥ
һȺαӣҲͼǵսƽǱǣ
һֻĵȮĺ
顭
һֻ֮צݺݵĴϣѺۿʼĴﵽ׵ĳ̶ϡ
һȮޱȵľ޴󣬺ѹѹĿȥͬһϵ̫ħɽһ㣬͵צһݺݵĴȥصʱһеʮĴķѡ
ɱ
ĶħѪͷ
ؼʥĴڰȥɣ
һǹͻһ㣬ȻɢȺʥĹâȻһһȮĶ
ֲǹһ𱳺ʮֻĿֲһ˫ĿͬǴųһ㣬һǧصתһ
﷢ľٶȴҲȮӵķŭһֲĶħЦһڵѪ
һֲսһ޷ڸǵĶսҶȴĺڱһδεնɱħǿޱȣ޷
һȺֻǻؼװαӣȥɡ
һţͷħ͵ĻΪһ޴ĺţţŭ𣬾ȻʩչԼľ޴壬ţǳ̣ȻĽһ޴̴ȥ
ԽԽ٣Ѿȫĳֳһ浹̬
ѵ˵̫ĩʱڣǵΪԡ֮ƺûжٵɱ¾԰ΪûϵϵҵĻƿߵȻĲѡʱ֡
ҶжϲûеģΪ̫ĩڣһڰʱڣɱ¾Ͳпսڡ
˵ǸʱսƱػὫԼĿսҲγһӿֲľصġ
ްӷ𡭡
һϵȻĳˡ
֮УһĨȱϢȴҲ񣬷·ǿһֻ޴ͷӬһ㣬ġ
ĸо
ҶһȻٴοȥ
ʱĻѾڷű仯ǿֲ޴Ļ֮Уһ˳ǰ
һϵķӣΪ׵λ֮ϣʥɫĹ⻪˸ƺһ־׺ţ̲صĲпȴļ¡
֮صҲ˰
һ˱ҵ
һħԷϵаһ˫Ŀ֮ȴƺһӸ㡣

Ϊ׵һϴϵۣɼһķһ㣬ķӰ
磬һۿȥ·δϵبһ㣬һִƣһ㣬һϢ
һ
Ҷһ΢΢Ĳ
²ûдĻӦڵƿأΪǿ𡭡аԵ˼ţҶѾ𽥵Ĳ²⵽ߵݣʥ˼֮УϢķ֮Ҳֻ
׼ᡭ
ʥˣ
ߡ֮ҲѾˣû뵽һǴҵˣ
һߴݳ֮дһĪϣǸȴһϵİԵ֮
һɫħ۵ӰԷ̤ǳվȴһĪӺݺͻ֮ǵа񣬵ͬһʥ
ԷӿҶȴоĳ˾ǵˣһĵ֮ʮ˲ƿء
͡
һâ˸׼˫Ŀ֮м˳ƺǻδһ㣬һ˹ȥ
Ҷڵķ򣬶һ̣Ҷһıϵĺë·˶Ҫһǿâͽһ㡣
ԷĶȻʵȴٵľˣۿŶԷҪע⵽ԼԼˣҶڣҪʼ
ߡ
һӰˣӡĴգȴʵϳ׼ͽĴȥһĴȥȴѾǺӡ
䡭ֲ𶯴Ҷȴһ
ۡ
һѪ˳˫Ŀ֮з˿˿ĺâ;
ˢ
ΧһгɢΪޣµĻ޾Ĺʬ
Ҷȴû˿ɣѪ֮ǴڵĴϢѡ
£ᣡϢ
һ˫εȿֲȻҶ϶ԷûпԼֱâȴͬһһ㣬ڲϵĶʴԼġ
׼ᡭʥ˼ʵֻһʷһʷʫѣȴڣҵһμ¼񶼵ֿס
ҶڵĴϢ֮УȴҲԵ֪ʥ˼Ŀֲ֮
ǿ󣬱еĶҪǿһһУ㹻Լεġ
Ҳ뵽༶ľ磬ٵҽ뵽༶Ͻ۷ľ磬Ϊſʸʥ˽а壬ĻҲǶԷĶֵġ
䡭
һֲѳ֣һ̣ȻҶԭںһֵĺǹ죬һһƬսһĹ죬ƿս˲䣬ҶȴһĨ⡭


1991 ʾ
ʮ˲ĵĳطģҳֵ˵У³ķڣǺ棬ʲôΪʲôʥ˼ǿ߶ҪΪ֮Լѡء
ҶаԵľ˼š
ƿĲҲ˵δȥƿʮĲ㣬δʮ˲۽
ôһʮ˲ĵٴεչǽһεȾ˵Ļ棬Ҷ޷ȥ󵽸ӵĲȥΪԼԵĵ˽ʥˣҲֹһλ
ʮ˲ĵõ㣬ʣʮĲ㣬ֻǲ֪ʣµʮĲʲôط
ҶаԵ˼š
֮⣬ʱҶоһֵϤУȻģоԼĲ˵ĸо
ֻû뵽ǣõȻ˵Ĺɡ
·ڰаԼһ㡣
Ҷ˫ĿȻһ
뵽ǵһ֮ĳ֡
׼ԵѾңȻֻһʷʷʫѣʥ˼ǿߣޱȾ˺Ϳֲģ֪һȺһﵽжôĿֲǿҲڿʼʱ򣬲ֻ׼ᷢңǵ֮ҲңһְһΣ
ҶаԵһ²⡣
²Ⲣûиݵģܹ֮׼ʥ˼ǿ֣߳ȻĲ˵Сģܿźʶʸ񣬷Ļʥ˼ǿҲѡֶԸ
֮Ӧ˲õܡ
ЩҶĲ²⣬Щ²ȴҲҶеҪ֪յĶ
κΣ˼˰յʱ֮ҶҲûжٵջ
һεõ֮ҶѾоԼڵƿҲʼøȹ
ΪڷţһжڲϵĿС
һеһжڷĽš
Ĳȫĵ֮ѾҪȥǿеɴǿԵȥٻЩħˡ
ҶƻӶ˲ǧƵӰҶǰ
ЩǶħǿĶħ
༶н׵ǿߣǧƵĲ༶нǿߣѾ൱ǿĴˡ
ҶаԵľϲѣôҶԵȥЩǿ֡
ˢ
Ҷ΢΢֣ʱйʬȫıȥ
֮УһʼȻҶ첻ҪȥѼ̫ЩʬϵȴҲǷͬСɵģЩϵеǷͬСɣȻĲڵЩȥġ
֮Уһ濪ʼɣǵҵ
ҵ꣬޾ĺô档
ҿԻֵĹʽһ֣ͿԽһǿĴΪ촷ۡ
ˢ
һ⻪Ȼĳ֣⻪֮ƺ̲һһ㣬ͷųʥâʼΧɢȥ
ʲôҶ΢΢һһж뵽˵֮Уһ⻪²򵥣ĻҲȻĲڡ
ˢ
΢Ҷ͵ĳһ⻪ץȥ
⻪ͷų
顭
һɲײ֣ҶɫҲ̲סһ䣬Ȼǿĸо·Ҫ޷ץסԷһ㡣
ǿķ
Ҷɫ΢䣬漴Ĵһһɾ޴ȻղŸ͵Ĵ˹
ꡭ
ռ䶼ڱҶץˣȴû뵽һﾹȻ˵ѱ
ҡ
Ҷ˫ĿȻ˸׵âļ˳ȥ
һֻ֣Ѿ˵ɽȴаǷ˲Ӵһ޴ħɽһ㡣
䡭
ˡ
һ⣬ƺǻȥķҶǿѹ£ǷҲڲϵļĿʼʧ
ˢ
΢漴ҶѾһ
һʣһ㣬ϸ֮аǿҫϢȻ֮
ʾ
ɫĴ֣ҶаԵһ͵ķ֮ȻһĹ⻪뵽ҶԺ֮С
䡭
ҶһһĸоС
ȻѧȻҵġϵǶܵǿݲе˵ȴĪ棬ӵܵ˲СĳһѧǸĻ»𵽲˼ͺô
뵽˺ӵ⣬Ҷ˲СİοԼӣҶһֱǿҵĿǷУԼԭ򣬺ҲӵĲᵼѵ
ݡ
缤Ŀռ䶼һɺ嫵Ħпʼ˲ʱģһǿҵΣпʼͷ

ŭ΢ҶҲûı㳯һĴ˹ȥ
ߣ
һȻһߵ֮д֣ƺ񱼡
ϵ֯һԺյѾʼһ
֣֮
ҶĴԼľѧÿһӡǣҫϵȨ·һ㣬趯׷֮Ī̲һֿµǱܡ

ΧĿռ俪ʼ񱩵ѣһ׵Ѻۡ
ϣ
гʵȻĳ֣һ֮Уһɺ嫵ʼҶĳײһ𡭡


1992 ټй¶
ֲ嫵ıϯ˷Բ׵ķΧı֮Ҫһ㣬Ǿ캧صĶΪ֮ļµĺܡ
Ҷ˫Ŀ˿ֲâǰֵһӰ
һĳһ㣬֮˿ûڸǵıһâ貣ȴֲϣ޷е
趯ٲһ㣬۲ϵĻӶǸ߰ģҶ죬ڿһֻһ㣬û˿̬

һΪϵĿֲһ
ŴˣҶеʱһľ֮ĳ֡
˵ǿҶҲ˽ģڿʼʱԼһֻпӴܵķݡ
Էĵ򵥣ֻˣԷһ༶н׵ǿߣڶݵʱ֮УԷǿֲĵѾʼøӷ
ĵͷţֱһʵħһ㣬մѪͷ
Ȼ㣬û뵽ȻԵֿסҵһУʵ˲СĽҶ죬¶һĨɫ漴ٴε˵ʵ˵㲻ʲôģٶȴ޷ȥܹ֮ܵڵˣҲָġ
ԷȻųȴ൱ĵĮǸ̬߰ҶһĲˬ
ˣʵǿ᲻˵֮жһģҲΪЩȾŴʹŶԷ߰
ЩҶ˵޵ģ⣬ֻͬЦôõʱ׷ǱģҲǵһˡµõĹ֮У
һϳ֣ļ΢΢һͬһ貣ȻĿʼй޾Ĺ⻪һ㣬ΧʼѸٵγɡ
վ֮ϣ趯һ㣬ǺӰĳÿһ޾ҫƺһǿᡣ
͵һʱһɢ޾Ŀֲ֮ϣҶ컯һƥѸٵɱȥ
һͬһ㣬Ҽ̣ӴŹǿ
һֿµȻĴһȴҲһǿĺܣ̫ʱҲһޱ߿ֲĴڡ
Ҷɫ΢΢һû뵽ԷĳѸͣһףȥȻǹӣɱͷâȴһķķâûа취ڸסֱӵ©
̲صĲɱԴ־ɱ೤棬ب㣡
һ֮ͷƣһƬƬһ㣬ӵơ
ȡΪΪ񣡡
ɱȻһ漴ĵתϼ貣ת˲ȴѾҶǰ
һ༶н׵ǿߣҶ첻ȥˣΪԷѰĲ༶ǿߣǲ༶н׵۷塣
ԭʵδ۷壬ڿٴε˲С
Ҷվû˿ĶǱŴһ㣬ǵǵâһ˲䣬ȴһ㣬ѸٵŤϵĽǶɵĶ˶Էĳ֡
һٶٿ죬ȴҶ֮ۿϸȻ˵ٶȺͽǶЩǿȥǲġ
˫Ѹٵ趯Ƶƿʼγɡ
Щƣÿһɱƣһ㣬γһ٣ʼȥ
䣡
֮еʱγһƬֲĳʢâϿֲĵſµĵʼıȥ˲Ҷײһʼɢ˾޴
ޱƿʼγɣΧĿռεľ޴εĿֲȴҲ޷ȥֿסҶĳ֡

ҶϵĿʼÿһεĻ򣬶ϵĴܵʼ
ȭĹ֮У໥ײ漴ĽһƬƬĿռѹƳΪޣֻʣֻȭͷһС
ƺǲ£
νֶѣȴȻԼΪ˲µ̬ɫʱøѿ
û뵽㾹ȻֿסҵһУ
ɫѿ쳣ȻҶֿסԼĽֱڴԹĴһǸ߰ޱȵ޷ȥܡ
͡
һƿȻĳ֡
Ҷɫ͵һ䣬¶Ѹٵʧԭ
䡭
һöҶԭڵĵط췭ظ̲ͬޱߵһ㣬һң˲ԼΪǿԻأ˺Ʋ񷡣
һƬ֮УƵĿռ俪ʼвһĹʬ塣
ЩʬǧĹϲ֫
صʱ֮Уûлٻһ㣬ȴһ֮£޺촷ۣɼһǶôĿֲ;ˡ
޼˭ֵģ
·ܵĪһ㣬һ򣬴ĺ
ʲô˼Լ򲻹ˣ׼˳𣿡һ쳣˳漴տʼѣֻһ˳Էһֿ񱩵С
һȻûȴһֹ޼ʤмĸо
ҶϺë΢΢һɺ컺ͷ˳Ϊ޼ӣ֮ĸӵʢһ￴ȥȻ䣬ʵȴҶһֱײеϢ
˲򵥣ԵĲǼ֮
ѲҪʩչ𣿲ʱ򻹲ܹõǿȻ٣༶н׵ĶħҲѾˣȴҲǳֵʱ̣ҪԼҶ˫Ŀһ˿㡣
СӣѾӵ֪ͨ죬ҸӲѪˣ
޼ϴſֲɱ⣬ҶϢؿ˵
Ǿ˵Էܾ֮ܿеȺĵĺڰˣ
ͷ͵ɱ⣬ؿ˵
ҶаԵһԼٹȻ¶ˡ
Ҳ²ҲǣЩڰ֮⣬Ҳл뵽֮֮УֻЩڵµǣĺܣСĺܣû뵽ȴҲҴԼĵӰ
޼˿ڸԼ
ڰҶ͵һͻȻ뵽Ժ֮еһμ䡭
֮֮вֻģ壬Щĵλǵ£кڰΪµһ֡
ǵأƺǴ֮ǳ֮Ѿˡ
Ϊϵǹ෴ĺڰ֮֮֮еҫޱߣ˵ʵӵĵ΢ĺܡ
ڰһƬռ֮սѵ˵ҶȻĳһµĲ²⡭


1993 һʮ
СΪһսˡ
Ű˲ͼ֮УϹǷ׷׵עһսе̫ʮѪؿ˵
ǰΪһսزȴõ˵ĳ̶ȣȻ㲻ȴҲֻܹһˣ£һŭѪ죬Կѵأ
ԭ˵
鰡ܹתزҲǲˣĳ̶ܹﵽز𣿡
û˵
ߣתûпɱԡ
ԭ˵
ûпɱҲ˼۰è˿õ˵
ϡ
һ֣죬ϵĽɭȻ쳣·ǺһеĽһ㡭
ˡʲôʱˣʱСͦǾ͵óˡ
̫ʮѪĺ
ߡСܹµľ磬ӦһȻĲ⣬ϵĶ̫ˣÿһֶǾ춯صģȴûһֿԷӵ£Կùȥ֮⣬Ķ
ԭ̲ס̾Ϣһֺɸֵζ
Ҫˣ˵СĻͱȺһǷˣΪǻܹôʱ𣬾СӿµǸʱҲ̫ʮѪε̾Ϣ
֮Ϊǿģҵʦ𵱳ҲԴ˶ͣҪ֪ͷ·һ磬һһ㣬ĺܣСڵˮ׼ܹȫķӳһҲ㹻ĽѹġԭҲ̾Ϣ˵
̹֮ҲֹȴҲûдﵽ̶ֳȣҪĴﵽǰزʵ޷󵽵жôĿֲ;ˡϣܹɣǵȫĻָĻӦһֱһ㡣ϼһ໥һ֮ε̾ϢţŰ˲ͼ֮еҶǲ֪ģʱڷĵֿߵĳ֡
޼޼ȴǾ޴񹭣ʩչ˼£һת漴ͷųһٴһ㣬޴嫵Ҷ춼һĳ鴤
Ȼ޼ȥҪһ˿Ҳֻһ˿ѣոյֵĹ֮Уǿֲ
ļʲôҶٶȷɿĶŶԷĳ֣ߵĳȴʼԽķ񣬲ϵѪɭȻǶùѡ
ʹϴݳҶ޷ȥԼע˼Լϵ⡣
ӿʼΪֹҶΪԼޱǿģߵĳ֮ҶڵķˣǿᣬԼûȫͷų
ɽ⡭
һ˿ͻأ˸
Ȼ̣ܶȴҲҶ𽥵Ĳ׽һ˿ӡǵĳ֡
ҵĹѾΪˡԡӡҵ뵽ʥľ磬ҵһ£ЩֻϵǿᣬŸĶûȥ򵽡Ҷвϵ˼ţϵȥԼ˼֮УҷԼƿأŶԷĳ֡
ȡ޼ʤм
޼ȻĻӶ£ΧĿռ俪ʼǿеĲϢҶޱȵļ£˶¶˾ȵɫ
֮䣬ռѾһεһ㡣
ǿɭȻϢѾ׵סûа취ȥϢûа취ȥֿǲ˼Ҫĸо
ԣ
ҶٴεƷԭ
ģʲôط˴󣡡
Ҷзĺ
ĵ·һֱڱ仯ţֱ仯ڶϡ
ͺСѧһ꼶ѧϰӼ˳Ŀھ㹻Ӧʱѧϰˣǵ˸УȻãȴѾһ޷󵽵ĵز
ʱҶˣһֱԵͼĶȴûİסߵȵʵʡ
ȵȡ
ҶȻһԺ֮з·һ׵һ㡣
Ժ֮ٴεһµֻȴ׾Թ϶һ㣬Ȼʧˣȥѡ׷Ѱ̽
ϣɽӣȺɽһ㣬ѹһУư׻֣ﳼ
أҶϵķӦƺǿʼû
ߡڿʼƣ𣿡¶һĨ⣬༶н׵ǿߣӦһССϣȻҪôõʱ䣬һûи㶨ǴȥĻ»Ǳ˳ЦģҶ˵أҶ쾹Ȼз治ѡ
ڸоҶٶȿʼûȻޱȼġ
ˢҶȻĶ˹ȥ
ͻأģٶϾȻ͵һոµĵϣղʱҪһǧһ򱶡
ô£޼۴Уŭһ˵ħһ㣬ϵǻ
䡭
޴Ӱʼֳһϴޱߵĵ⣬һһϢ޼ߵѪӰ
ȭһбеУǽٶȺԼ
ҶԺ֮˺ܶ࣬ǳԼǰеļ䡣
ƥֻһ㣬һնɱ
ǵģҵǿᣬۣ֮ǿٶȣЩҵĸ
Ҷ˫ĿȻ˸ɲâͬȻһ
顭
岻ܣվ֮ϣߣһǿϢشӳȥ˼¡
ˢ
Ű˲ͼ֮еļǿĹĵɴԼ۾һȻˣҶı仯̫ʮѪ૵ĵ
û뵽Ȼô죬ΪٵñŰһǵȴһʱ䡣
ԭ˵ȴһ˿ߣǶҶĿĺ͡
Ҿ֪ӡ
Ц˵
ô£Ϣ̫Ծء
ɫȻһ

һִֻȻĴ˳Ҷơ
ңС㾹Ȼͼͽֺս
﷢˷ŭĺһֻȴ޷ڸǵİ֮ȻŤתһֱߣȫûжֱ̬ӵĻ˹ȥ
䡭
һֻֿȥ󣬵ȴ̫ɽѹݺݵѹȥһ˲֮ʱ̱˶Էĳ
飡
ߵصĶѻһ𣬷Ļȥ·һ㣬ϼתȴһֲĵӡ
ԭ˿Ĳ⣬ȴû뵽һһɴѾ˳Ȼĳѹ
á
дŭҶεĻᣬֱӵʩչƣҵıϵɵնɱ
䣡޼㵵֮Уʱķѵ״̬
䣿޼ͫ׾ҵţǿ˹һ㣬ҶʵԵûв༶ľ磬ȴֻһжѱϵһǿߣһǲ༶н׵۷ǿߣôܣ
ڡֵˣ
޼Ҷ¶һĨЦ⡣
ʱת޲⣬ϵļӳо˴δйĸо
ĸоһʮᣡ


1994 ɲ
ϣҪıʩչ
ҶԽľϲղŵָо죬Ȼֻһ򣬵ǶϵƿȴԴﵽһոµĲϡ
ͺҶǰʩչɵԴһɽȴȫģԭҪǿٿԱǰ
ϵƿأһȫµĹֶΣԭǿӵĿ¡
޼ֵˡҶ˫Ŀ𣬿޼֮д˿˿âϵ˸ֲĹ⻪˿˿ΣյĲ޼ᵽ־Ϣ
ܡ
Ҳû룬޼Ȼѡתܡ
ȻҶǿ󣬵еĿ־ȴѡӣȻһҶҵõĳֻᡣ
һӡǵصı֮𵴣ԺյĲϵݻ¡
񱩣ֱӣ
Ϊ֮η
һֻӡһƷ·ǵӡһ㣬֣֮ڹϵʱƿز־мӳš
¡¡
ռʼγһζξ޴ֲǵѺۣ
䣬Ӱӳֳ֣ŭȼŭ⣡
ռһļ֮Ѹٵγǿķ籩һ㣬Ȼ޼ԴϾһơ
飡
һ𶯳֣޼ԴֱӱĴΪƬ
֮ԴԴϵĹעһֻ֮棬ֲޱߵʼӳһޱǿ˫
ҵ־ޱߣҵǿᣬΪɲᣬҲ
֮䣬һɽ緢ķڿʼ֡
ʱĿռ֮Уһҵһħһ㣬޼Ȼûȫʧǲϵһ֮һԪע֮УĺѸٵıŷޱߵҺǿɲ
ˡ
һµӡǵһ㣬ǿȻڿʼѸٵļӳţһ֮Ѿһ˸
ģ
֮ϣմȾѪļӰͷųǿѪ˿˿ĻӰоȻŲ༶Ϣ
ȻǱ޼նɱǿµѪ滹̲ŴܵϢ

Ҷŭһ󷢳һĲԺնֲ·ǿһе޶ǿеĶһ㡣

˪һ㣬˵񶼱Ҷһȭɱȥü֮У֮ͷųޱ߹⻪þڲĲϢ
˫Ŀɺһ㣬â֮һ޲ǿе谭ȥ
𣡣޼ŭţƳ֮Ϊ֮ɵӵĲ
Ҷȴ޾壬Ҫɣֿ
һȭǿӲǳ
һȭǺӱŷӵתٴεһ֣֮ңץȥǿһ㡣
ߴŵͻϢ·˫ǳһ㣬໥ٻ侪˺Ϳֲ
䡱
ϣ
޴Ĵײ
һ֮棬ҫӳ̵֣ڶȴҲֶ֮ʼù֡
κҶһȭȴҲ֮һȭȥǰûɢȥȴٴ಻ı˳
ۡ
һѪ֣޼˷·ֽһ㣬Ҷ֧飬γһζεĲ֫һ˫Ŀ޷ŵɫҶ졣
ʱҶʩչԼǿƼӳֵ˼£˵ģҲָԭò
ľ硭㡭ˣ
һ̣޼Ҷʵ
ͣ
Ҷ˫Ŀ˸ϣһ漴뵽Լĵ֮Уһζεӡǿʼֳİ壬ż
ǵĲ֮ЧЩǿߵ֮ҶѾƿе򣬶
ò˵ҶȥɸǧǿߣҲﵽһĳ̶ȵġ
ǵǿҶ󵽣ʮ˲ĵȫĵǲĺôöôľ˺Ϳֲ
ȻҲҶһѣڵʮ˲ЧԶ
İİһУȻ˵Ŀֲ;ˣҴȥһУעҵ־ϵǿȻԴһ༶н۷ǿߵ壬Ҷ޷󣬼ֱ޷
ǲ༶н׵ǿߣǴﵽޱߵĳ̶ϣȻ㲻ȴҲϿֲĴڰ
ϡ
սǹڲ죬ħڷҵһɺ嫵ս⿪ʼ˳
һսϵĿֲһɱһ棬һаϢ
Ϣ·һκᴩ˲Ǻһ㣬ѸٵҶǰ
Ϣİ䣬˲ʱ䣬һ԰ѾҶǰ
ȰӰһԶаضҶ쿴ţ̹ǵϢļµ˼£Ҷ챾˶оϢޱߵľ޴ͿֲǱһ˶ţֱҪһҪҽѵĳ嶯
ʲôˣȺһʲôˣҶо˼¡
а˾춯صĳ̶ȣһһҶоһа˼µζ

Ϊ׵һ˻ؿڡ
֮д˿˿⣬˵궼·ǿԱסһ㡣
Ƕ棬Ҷͬǿһʱ˸˿˿Ĳм֮ɫ
һû뵽ôСˡٴε˿ʼؿ˵
ߡ죡
һ͵ĺȵʱеĻʼȻֹһеϢƺǶʼȥ
ݼۣ
Ŵ˵ĶʱĹ˵ϣȻֻ٣ȴޱߵ
ľɲ
ҶԺ֮͵ĳһйϵļ䡭


1995 Ĳд
ɲ
ĵƣķѣǵټĵҷһ㣬ҶڵõĲĵ֮һڵļȴԵķ֣ĵȻ˵ķѡ
ȴҲȫʧˣһ֣ЩÿһǿĺܣȻ㲻ǵ֮ǿߵǿܹµȴҲĪġ
۴ˣĵһһֱѰңȴһû뵽ڲǰǾȻо˵Ϣſ϶Ѿõ˵ʹУҴҵĸ
ǰһӰĺȵ
֮дһ˿ڴһĪϣ
һĶħϵļⶼѾһӣÿһӶʧȥѪĹ⻪ͬһħһ㣬аü֮УһֻīļǣĿһħͷţļޱȵϢ󲿷ֶǴ洫ݳġ
Ȼȥа񣬵һ۾֮ȴޱֿģ
ǡħӰҶԺ֮Ȼĳ˴˵ļ䡣
ڵļ䡣
ʮ˲֮УЩ˵ϢΪǺϵһģǻΪʮ˶Σǳ׵ıϵĻҲˡ
ǵģۣ
ħ֮дһǿҵ˷ܡ
ħ
Ҷţȴһıͷŭ
ֱַŭȴڵĺħֻһ󽫶ѣĴ󽫣ʵ죬ǱҶ춼Ҫǿޱȡ
ĵȼҲ൱ϸġ
ܹΪ󽫣ʵٵôﵽ༶Ͻײϡ
ʵǿĶħȻפഺĺħҲǿ˫ڣϵĲƺϵȴҶεĲȥ
ˢ
Ҷվ˺ħǰطס˺ħļ򣬳ĺȵվվĵһȻˣȴܹ򣬾ǹҲ֮ĿռйҪĸ߰Ҫ֮ϣ
죬趯һ㣬ֲֿ͵Ϣħ˫Ŀޱȡ
˷ܡ񡭡
ϵ˫Ŀ֮ͷţһΣûаװ׵ĵȴţǵĴۣӦеƣ
۴ˣղڣȴû˿뷨ˣΪҸղŵĻǸ
һӰ֡
һë׶ħԷҲ˵еͷ֮˵һλղҶ죬ǱҶʵ΢
ڣȴĳˣȫΪҶⷬΪ֮
ˢ
һ޴ĳʣݺݵسֱնȥ
һſֲķâԷԲ㣬ҪնԼֱۣΪԼղ˵ĻǸ
ˢϣ
ҶĶȻһݺݵǳһȭ
䡭
޴ǳĴ˳ȥ
ҶɫȻһ䣬ֵٴε˶
žһǶص˦˶Էϡ
ҼǵáѪɣ
Ҷ֮дһĪĲƺЩŭȴִű䡣
ۣ
Ҷ죬֪ΪʲôǰȻԼĵȼҪСȴһ͵ϢһļµϢ·վҶǰԼ˶Ҫƿصһ㣬ϢĻᶼҪúõİա
ָоֻڵһ۵ǰųֹҾԵûǿҡ
ΪʲôˣЩǿǣЩսʿǣȫˣȴΪʲôΪʲô
ҶȻռװıţе˵񶼱ü
ΪϣΪõ³ϣŭ͵ı֮ⶼҪΪ֮
ǵģΪϣΪǴܹµĽٴεĽµĻԻ֮ͣеĲùʥΪ֮ޣǵֻԼģҲҵģҲģ𣡣
ԽԽ˵ȴԽҫЩǿǵƿʼıţһĿ籩Ĳ
ǣԸ׷ңٴεĵµĵĻԻ𣿻شң
ҶϣһɵͷţΪĿֲơ
Ը⣬Ը׷ۣеˣǵŭǵ˫Ŀ֮дˮϵĹţǺħˣȴ˶ٵˣһĳ֣˵ϣǵĵ죬Ĳĵǿϣ
ڣѾ˱ʤ

ʥˣΪǵΪڣ
Ҷĵ˵ͷܺãΪۣӴ֮󣬵֮ٴε𣡡
Ҷһ޷ڸǵİ
ΪبŲʵŭΪǵ֮жħǵԩ꣬Ϊ˵һ۵ԩһУҶˣ
գʱױŷƺǸоҶ֮һ
֮ϵǿǣҶ죬һ̤ƽǣ֮أʥŪģӲǿȥײ̤ģеŭȻȴʤ
ħǶħ󽫣ҸոյõеļҲ࣬˵һ£ǵ֮лŶٴ󽫣úħ֮Ҷʵ
ۣǵܵʥ˵ĳѹһ۴ಫǵĳ֣ȴҲʥ˵Ķ֣ҵ󣬳ֵʥҲֻ׼ǽߣǻʥ˳ˣҲõһ۹ѲڣѡԱγʱշ籩ǵҲ˳ʧȥϵ˵ĴҲ֪ж٣ôҷѾ˼ȥѰңҲǽٵĵսʿҵʣµЩ֪ʲôطҵû۵ıӻ޷뵽֮Уȫϸûб֤ԽȺǻ
˵ʱǺħǿ¶ɫ
ɥ֮ȮεĲȥŭȥо谡
Ǹҵ˽⣬ǵˣ´ڵ˸Ԫ֮Уȴ벻Զܹоһǿĵ»֮У

Ҷ˫Ŀ˿˿â
طԼȥΪϹΣ
һطҲǵˣΪû۴˵ıӻ޷룡
ѪͻȻĽ
Ҷ˫Ŀ͵𣬿Ѫسȵ˵
Ѫ˿˿ɱΧĹ֮֮д絶ƽа⻪ģ֮ǣ
֮ǣ
Ҷһ˵ԼĲ²ⲻıϣǺڰ֮֮Уŵ΢
ǵĳҲ֮ǳֵʱ
ǱǸ
ĵս֮У׵֮ǣͬʱǵҲûȫ䡣
Ҳ˵֮ǿԼĵ
֮ǡ
䣬Ҷﻺؿںȵ֮һĲ·ǸоĪĿ־һ㡭


1996 ҵĵӡҲҶ
֮ǣ
ҫͷţȫĹâڲӿģǹڷ裬ڴԵΡ
һɹɺ嫵ڷıŷţ֮ǵڲǿ£ͷųĲ
֮£һеĺڰΪа֮ء
йĵطڰҲڣ֮ײҲ֣
֮ǵһƫƧ֮һеĽЩޱȣǲ쳣
ߵĽҲֻ׶ߵӣΧĶѻ֮ҲһЩݲݣɽʯΪϵĽٵĸǿúܣУȴҲֻԵĶѻһ𣬿ѻȴѾƺܵ޾ĥһ㣬Ǻۼ߰ߣûκεĿԾסĿԡ
Ҫ˵Ǿסˣȥڷ꣬Ҳǿĺܡ
סˣÿһλ϶һģЩˣǵϴ˿˿߶ģ·һ㣬û˿ԡ
ľס֮˴Լǧ˵ĳ̶ϣǧ֮ĵطȴסһСޱȵĿռ֮У·һȺһ㡣
ΪǣЩ˵˫Ŀ֮Уû˿ͷ·˵궼Ȼһ㡣
ڶڵ壬ϵĲţƺǾĪĿһ㡣
ϡ
һĦؿʼ֡
ֻһһɫľʯĦһƾɲŴ⼣ĶС
һңͬһ̽ӣ⼣Ѿ˶еȫֱ֮Ǳɫ⼣סҪ˵ĦˣҪȥĴһҪѵ
϶ϵⶼʲôʱˣ㻹˼ȥĥԼƾɶУ
һ͵ĪϢĦŶеˣؿ˵
ĥһ£ٿ֪ԼڹңһμڹҵѪδ䣡
쳹ߵ֮дһֲʣƺԼһְԵ֮
ǰѪδ䣬Σĺǵܹʲôǵܵǿѹƣûеıӻʧȥ۴˵ı޷ӳǵĺ˶޷ߵ¶һĨͷŭ·ܵޱߵѹһ㣬ֺŭٴεı
ëǷӻ𰡣۴˵Ϊ뿪ѾǺķеˣţֵܻģǵҲٴεĳ֣նɱ޾ĹһȺëǺļʶһǵ϶ϵһְԵȻҲѾĺ֮еİԵ֮ȴϬ
Ѫδ䣬ĸûȴ
һŵĿЦȻĳ֡
һ˼ԦŹХΪ׵һˣϴ˸ĹףһĹ񽣣˫ϵĹ⻪˸޾ҫ
һ˲ˣÿһλ϶䳹һҫ֮ԡ˹ʢ֮С
˫ĿƣޱȵϬͿֲ
ģȺ˵ĺᣬٴεĳˡëĺ˫Ŀ֮һѪɫâ˸
žסˣëҪ֪ЩһǵǿͿֲǵ˲Ҫʱ֣Ļǽֵ֮ġ϶ϵȻĳ֣סë
ƨ϶ϵȻţȴѾǷˣûа취ȥһǶȥģһˣʣǵĺٵĽһεҵĳ棬ڵɱȥֻҪǳȥǾͻлҵǰĵǣëݱޱ
ǿԳȥ𣿡϶ϵЦ˵
õĴ󽫣Ȼ˵Ƿϣ㾹ȻҺ˵ʲôѪδ䣡
ëŭĺ
⻰Ȼŭͷ񣬵ȴ϶ϵԶԣֻǴŷŭ֮ɫյһˡ
Ͼϰסĵط˵ĵ¡
Ϊ֮˴ĺȵ

ʹĽ˳
ȵص˲䣬˲ŷ֣ԭ棬꾹ȻһڰŮӡ
ŮϴŵħƣȻԴֲڣȴ൱ˣһԴ۵ϴʹɫֱײ˿ûϧģÿһεĳ޲һʹĽ
ŮӵĽ棬һħӡ൱һ֩Ƶĺۼħ˸ȴִһǿҵȻ
ԷԴۣȥʮģǽ۵ϴʱʹɫޱȵ
ħˣȺȺ˵ĺÿһöġ
϶ϵĺ
ڲޱߵŭ⣬ǲᣬһɱȥģһƬ֮Ŀɲֻǵĺˣĺڰ顣
ⰵħеһ֡
ŮӶǽģȻԴֲڣȴ֮ǵȥӶһ϶ϵһǳȥĻǾǵòʧġ
ⰵħŮ˾⼡ȻãǿҵͽոȴǾԵĺĿЦ
ǰÿεӶᶼҵٵĻɫʽ䣬һȺӵɡ
Ⱥ΢ĴڣžͰۡһ˴ĿЦ
ǵ֮ǵĻǣΪ׵ʽ֮еӣĺᣬŸ߹Ѫͳ
ͻȻǿȻһĿ񱩶һ֮УһİħŮһļ֮漴ıýӲ
ʵԷȻûа취ȥӭ϶Էֻܹøĵز
ޣ
ĵ޲¶˷ŭɫ
Ӵⲻǲ֪ĺڰ𣿡
Ȼһе϶ϵǴڵʱ̫ˣȴûıǣ·һȺ˵һ㡣
ǰʽˣȺ΢ĴͲ֪˶೤ʱˣ·ǳһĴţȻڻûʵһ漣
һ˴ĸ͵
ߡ
϶ϵëһǿҵǿʼˡ
ӴŮ˻ͻȻʽһ͵ĳһ˹ȥ
һĲ׵Ůӽ뵽УһȥʮŮӣǰ𪣬ΪĽǶԷַŮ޷ġ
ƺΪѹȣŮӵĽһĪļ㣬̲סС
ˣɡҿʽΰᣬ߹Ѫ
ʽ΢һֲľȻľ
ˢ
һӰͻȻ֣һȻĳ֣ӺǺһ˫ĿƺԴ͵ģƺԽЩĶȴޱǿᣬѸ͵ĺܣһĿ񱩷Ȼĳʽ˹ȥеһذ綾һ㣬ĺܡ

ʽĶ΢һпһֳֻٵĻӶȥ

屻صĻ˳ȥ
ž
ʽĶٴεһ漴סĲӣɫ罣絶һĨ˵Ĺâ
ôĵӰȻҺԣžžž
˵ʼ֣ȻĲӾҪˡ
ģɱ
ë̲סŭ
Ѫӿʮƶ
ɱ
϶ϵƺҲ̲סˣ͵ĻӶеĶϵ˺һŴЦ֮սʿɱȥһն˶ԷĲӡ
ߡѹһȺϣ
ʽϴŲпɫĺ
䡭ϼһһװȻĳ˳
漴žһɫһ̣һǿҵϢʼ϶ϵ˵¶޷ź;ϲɫ
䣬Ӳ֮ϣһѪͷ֮ҵĵӡҲҶ


1997 ɱ
Ǭת񷣬֮͵ըһס
ɱ֮һֱ֮ŴݿƿʼѸٵıŷ֮ϣһʥƶ䱻ΪʵʵɱȻ˺ѳΪĩ
ʽɫȻһ䣬ɾ춯صƣޱȵĲз·Ǳһ̵Ĵ̴һ㣬޷ŵĿգĺ
ʲô
ˡֻû£ȴѾȻֹ
Ϊ˳ˡ
䡱
ռ߿裬է֣֮䣬ب֮УһʣһһֻŹ϶Ϣľȴ˲ѹ
һֻϴ޾ƣһӴӰڸ̣һȶһ޴̫ɽһ㡣
ȣһبŵɽһȻıƶ£漴ɱһƣɱ֮Ͷַ
䣡
һɲľ죬ǾվǱ˳漴֮޲һƬ޵
Բ׵ķΧ֮УһȺ֮ǹսʿǣ޲Ǳһֻѹȥǿ֮¸û˿˲䱻飬̤Ϊ촷ۣ
𡭡ϣʥеˣնɱ쵰
ʽŭţ񷣬ƾըһһ㣬Ϊ֮ļµϢ
ʽΪҲڲ༶н׵ĲϣһΪ캧صĺܣסϮ
໡
һǺƮ֮дһֿɲɱ֮Ҫһ㣬ԪʼʣһƬ𶯵Ŀʼѵĺۼϵеŭ֮εȵľ˺Ϳֲ
Ϣ
϶ϵëߵ忪ʼٵĲ¶˲˼;ϲɫХϤϢǿ̹ģ

Ϣ
ĵϢˣڵ
Ȼ̻̣Ϊһػ̻̣
һ϶ͷ˳֮дһȴ޾ƣԵƣǿԽ˵񶼼˼һ㡣
һ̣ռϢ͵˼ޣһ㣬ĩһ
ѹǣħ貣ﱯȴһֳζ
԰ټƵӰ
Ϊ׵һˣվ֮ϣһɫ趯Ʈɺ˸ͷųĹ⻪ֱبŲϢ˲Ĥݵ𺳡
Ҷĵǿվ
ǡʲô
ʽǶ²ϵĺεĲϤ֮ǵʷϣǹϵ֮У޲֣һοɲʷǵȶҪʷ
һκڰʷ֮УһϦ֮䣬еǱǿеնɱˣǵĴа
ܵġѾ飬κ˶޷ȥһ㣬ܵģⲻǵԲǵ
֮дŭϢȴְһǿҵĲսһֶδ֪Ŀ־塣
֮УΪۣе飬֮Ѱɣ
ҶͷųһڰȻĴ˳ȥ
𡭡
԰ټƵŭȻĴ˳
ë϶ϵ˵ʼۿɱٶѸٵĳӯ
Ϣˣı֤ػ£ǵٴεı⿪ˡ
ϿֲƷļӿһѹԵ̬ǿеĳܿʼɳ𣬺ڰٵأ
һ̣еĵ޲¶Ѫͷɫ
ݼۣ
Ĺ˵ϣ˲񷣬쳹ڡ
һּ͸мڵĵȵһյĳ֣һյĽ٣ǰͷˡ
ɱҶ˫Ŀâ˸ȻĿʼ֡
ɱ
϶ϵĻԼеĶϵʱĶϵȻһ⼣߰䣬һɺ嫵ĵͷų
ʵȻڲ༶Ͻ׾磡
ëҲ˿Ĳһȭһȣ޲̲źźڰϢȻҲһ༶Ͻǿߡ
Ƕǵ󽫵ʵɲĴڡ
͡
ҶԦһӣȻĻӶǳľˣ漴γһ֡
֣֮
ȻĳʽĴ˹ȥ

Ѫ裬ʽʵȻڲ༶н׵ĲϣȴȫҶĶ֣ڵҶ죬ǿУıԴһһʽĪ̲ı仯ȻֻһУȴҲԲǶԷԱģ̲ǧ౶ӳ֣һֺεȿֲ
貣ϼ֮ȼ񡭡
˫ֽӡѵٴ飬ʽ˫ĿԹɫȻķ˷
ĳҶȻ֮ĴڣȴҲΪСһˣȻĲЩ󽫵ʵ
Ϊ׶ԸҲΨһѡ񣬴ʱȻȴˣղҶһƵ
͡
â֣γһǺһ㣬͵Ĵݲй
ռ̣֮Ҷָһʱʩչͨ͵Ӧ֡
͡
һɫĳȻĴҶм
ҶݵɱУ

ǲʵŭ֮УҶȻնɵһѪ;
ҲҲ
ʽޱȵĺ
ҶĽȫľɵ֮ʽѾΪһͨޱȵĴڡ
ˢһ˦ҶûȥնɱԷǶˡ
ɱ

ϰ
ˣʱ˫Ŀɺʽ˹ȥ
Ҷû˵ֻǾؿŵϵ꣬˵ѡʽڵ΢΢ĴϢš
Ҷ˫Ŀ񣬿Ạ̊́΢΢Ķģ㺩ԼָĻߺԴľȻ۾
һеһУĵӻ˭
ӡһĨҶ컺ؽ
ľȻ˫Ŀ֮͵¶һĨɣƺǽĻʲôһ㣬Ƕ£͵ıŷ֣
ʦ𡭡
һ˫ĿȴȻ˸ٴγΪ˳׵ľȻ
Ҷû뵽ӵһ꾹ȻҲΪٴεֻأҲļƻѾ곹׵ռˡ
ҵĵӣҵĵӡ
һ֮Ҷ콫һͷ˳ЩɢŹ⻪Ȼһ˲˺ӵԴС
𡭡
壬ӵ̲סķһ춯صĲҽϵļڷĳ鴤ţƺĪʹһ㡣
ҶһŵĿźӵı仯ʱ̽䱸ţʱ¶˿˿â֮۶ûһȥֹͣ۲졣
ŭʹĽĳһӵʱ䣬Ǻı֮дһǿҵļҶ죬ϤףӶŽе
ʦ𡭡𣿡ҶҪ˵Ȼģ֮Уһ׳֣֮У޾ҫ˸˳֮ǶҪ𶯡
ҫ£
һɱ֮ش˳


1998 ̤
ʼݣǻԶȴѾ񷶼Ҫʼˣ֮ϣŭ貵Ĺ⻪ŹΪĵĲϢһеĳֶ涼ҪʼΪ֮ˡ
ǱնɱǵҲʼˡѪŭ𣬾޴Ѿ͵ǧ׵ĳ̶ȣһʮĹսʿ¶˷Ļߡ
񵰡񵰣ë϶ϵ߻Ӷеı϶ϵϵȥۣȴ㹻սأһնȥǿնư˵
Ĺսʿǣ޲Ǳնɱġ
ɱǣ׼ӭս
Ҷ˫Ŀ˿˿âϴһְԵϢ
ǣ
еĵӦ͵
ʱѾȫҵɱ¾ĸоǰҪʷҪ֮أ֮ǣ׵Ĵݻٵе֪ûǵѪûб䣡
𡱵ѣ貵ıݻΪһĹǺӳ߿ʼѹеĵͻָս
նɱЩǣͲ¹ڸӵĲẦ£ӵĲᵨӵġ
䡭
ҶһȭһǿߵֱӵĽԷĳΪһ࣬ʱһȭһƣĪ̲ǳײС
Щǵ̫ˡ
Ʒ˳ʱĶսħԼʥħǿҲ׷׵ĳˣʱǵʵҲ뵽һµĵزˡ
γĲ֮ǵõĺô޷󵽵ģ֮Ĺ֮ͺڰ֮Լγһ̫̬
Բ⣡
һĴ󽫳֣ǹսʿ޾Ĺ֮˸ǿԶһ񷡣
ԦŹǹףݡ
ƵĹսʿվ콫һ㣬ԵǷ
ˣ
һ͵ĻеĹǹ⣬ĺȵ
ССĺڰ飬Ҳͼս־ܣ𣿡
ǣ֮֮еƿǣǣһϯ֮صȥڷǲ֪ж£ҿǻζ˰ɣ
һȺˣǿҲֻǲ༶н۷ǿߣȻ֮ǵڲȴǿһ֡
ߡһȺССϣǵڶɱȺҲͼа壬ӹ
϶ϵźĺ
еĶϵ͵һһɣһʮ׵ĵ
ŤתĿ֮漴ıʣ˲Ŀʼѹȥͬһһ㣬ͷâɲľˣͷųޱѹ

ʲô
ģǲ༶Ͻ׵ǿߣôܻ
༶Ͻ׵ǿߣǿϵĴڣ֮֮ҲδػּģȴˣһȺսεĲȥ쳣
һжˣֻ϶ϵеĵӶʱһƬѪ꿪ʼʳ
ɱ
ҶһԾ𣬳ȭ΢ӿ֮ŭ֮֮ҫ֮⣬޲ͥݽߡ
ԴԴϵһǿ߱Ѫ񱩣ϵѪһ׿ɲսһ㣬ޱߡ
ɱ֮ǵĺ֮У壡
վ֮ϣҶ˫ĿΪƥһ㣬˸ķﻺغȵ
ǣ
塭
еıУӽǧĵǿʼŭϢ
ộ˽Ҫõˡ
ҶƿصȻֻĲ㣬Ҫǧǿ߻Ǵ´ģ˿ĵʩչԼ̵¡
ɱ¾
µɱ¾
֮ǵдڣ޲𺳵ĿһУǿĩһ㡣
֮֮УȫĺռǿߣȻƽĸ߲вٵĽκεȴҲֻܹȥѡ˱ܣ뿪֮ȥĴԪ֮С
ÿ£ʲôһȺôµļһǡ
˷˲
ǰһȺڰ飬û뵽˵Ŀֲ֪˵Ļ͸ȥύġϣǿǰһж޵ġ
Ҳˣ˵֮ǵĻЩǿ˵㲻ʲôҪ棬Ī档
һ֮Ǳݵ֮ڲرı޲һȺģλѡ
֮ǵƿأܹƿʱ䣬ûбռ죬ֶֻܹΣҲˣ˵ǻѡ֮С
ϾΪΧ֮أǿ֮Ҳܹ죬ȫȻ
ҶԦһǺӣٴεǰ
һ޴Ĺųǣ¶˿˿ĺ⡣
Ϊۣܵ裬ǿҵҲ𶯵˼¡
ߡ
ҶŭߵǹϵĳţȻһ漴ıһ޴Ļʼ˳
ڷڣһӡʼ֣Ʒ

һ֮ϣ·߳һ㣬ﶼҪʼ
ôĵӣô֮ҰСȥĻҪǳѹ㣡
һ֣Ĳ·ŭ𣬸ƺһڿȡ
Ҷû˵Ǳľ޴ȴѡֱӳ֡
ǲ׳һ㣬ƣͷǳ֮չ֣ɱֱ֮ۿ裬һޱߣų̤ȥ
ŭӣ߱
չֵ˼£һΰţɵţһ̤ȥﶼҪΪ֮
֮ʲôεǿ󣬵ȴҲӣ
䣡
һصĳ֮ǵĳŲ̤


1999 
ب㣬ɢ˼£һֻĽǹϵĳſʼ̤˼£һƬǽ壬ɢػŵĹսʿһɣ֮пȥڵѪ֮дž
һʱеǿǿʼ¶˾㵵ɫ
֮ǵĳ֮ϣѾҪˣڴǳԹĴȫûи˿Ļȥذ
ب֮䣬ų࣬˭˵˭˵֮ǣ֮ĵһǣһųǣԪκεǿҲţǻҲţ
ڣҶһȴݺݵز֮ǵĳţⲻǲ֮ǵĴţǲǵϡ
ף
ޱȵľף
һʱ䣬е·ʧһ㣬ҵ񶼿ʼտȥǽ֮ǴʱηӦ
Ҷ˫Ŀ˿˿âоˣ֮ǵڲһɺ嫵ͣڷıţȻǿߴˡ
Ȼ۵˼£ѹƵ˼ʱ̣һŭ漴˳
С
Ҫ
һٴεĳ֣ķ״â˸֮ڷ޷ݵĿֲϢٲȻҪһ㡣
һ޴ıƿʼֶһһ԰ɫıƿƿ֮޾ʥ⻪Ҫ֮Ҫǿеƿһ㡣
ʥķѸٵıţݻţ漴ٴνɵ״ʧɫǳתǺѡ
Я޾ϵıƿѹ
һҲ漴ļһâһâһȨȣȨͷųԼΪǿޱߵĲȻĿʼʩչѾķһ㡣
߶ǹϵĹʥڣبŵϱʶһ㣬һ޾˵ƣŽɱ֮ɱĳҶϮɱȥ
ۣ
ë϶ϵԼѪͺħĺ
ϵս
޷һеǻȥй
Ҷ쵭Ц
˫Ŀȴ˿˿ɺâȻĿʼ֣Ľһƴȥ޾Ƴ˳һ֮УЩƻ޾貵Ĺ⻪ݻգȻһǿղٴεĴ͵죬漴һ޴γɡ
ɣ
޼ȥҲҶˣеĸѧҶȫУǱԭӵĿֲ˵Ǳ޼˵Ҷӵ˽׷ӳеĿֲͷǷ֮
ǵǿᣬҲǵܹλʥ˵Ե֮һ
ˢ
̣
תһҶվ۷ɿ죬ѩɫĳʼ趯£һǳǳâΪ
Щâ棬񹭵ǿյޱ¡

һ緭һ㣬һĹһɺ嫵濪ʼγɣĽ񽣲
ʲô棿ȻͷųΪ֮ļµϢÿֲ棬ҵ궼ʼҸоԼ־ǰ·ƨһ㣬һ㷴ĻᶼûС
ϵֻΪ۷Ż˾˺Ϳֲ̬
Χǿϵֹţ֮д޷ź;ĹâȻǱҶǿֶ۷ˡ
䡭
״֮ʼҶǰ˳գҪҶϮɱȥҶȴҲʱ˫Ŀ貹⻪ʵʣͬǳâһ㣬գֱӺͶԷâײһ
䣡
ҵΪǿǵҵ˭ܹǿԿ񶼲Уκε޶ȥ׵Ĵҵ
͡
֣һһ㣬չᣬԵĴʼϵĿ裬ȼգҪ֮ǳ׵ķմһ㡣
¡¡
Ľײһ𣬲Ŀֲײ֮׵ķΧһĲƳֳɢȥ֮һе޲˲ıЩݻ٣γΪֱӵ촷ۡ
ǿĴڣ
Ҷ֮ڲǿߵĽ֣ȻΪ֮һЩùļһҲ֮ˡ
ߡ
Ҷ˫ֱ֮ǣ˿˿⣬˲֪ȴ֪ҵǿ֮
Լʩչ޼ļ޼ļһ˲õţ۲ţţǶԷԼУҲֻΪѣȴɷ϶Էǿ֮ļޱȾ˺Ϳֲģκεһ˶ûа취ȥϡ
޼Ҷһ൱ͬϵҵղŵǿߣˡ
ǲ༶н׵ǿҲ
֮ǵڲվϼԦŹâǵıƵսʿĿǣâ˸ʱ׼ֵ̬
ǾʱǰսȴһĲҽһ֮УһӰǵ漴ۿɱ꿪ʼ͸ȴһ֮ȴһѸٵȼ
ĲҽΪ֮ļ²ѣϵļⶼڲʱˣ֮ûսЩûоսǿǣεļ˹ײе顣
ǵпʼ⣬ޱȡ
˫Ŀͫײϵţâһ㡣
䡭
ڵߵ׵Ļˣ׵Ļ촷ۣһз紵˲ʧӰ٣߹սϵĴ󽫴ڣӵž˫ͨȴΪΪͼ촷ۡ
˭Ҳ޷ȥ󵽵ġ
Щսʿǣ󲿷ֶڴ۷徳磬ڲ༶½۷壬ڲ༶н׵ĸ֮١
Ͼ֮֮УЩżѾȥ֮⣬ȴҲҲûлһҲѾ֮ǵǿǿʼ˲ԤС
ɱ
һʼ֮мһ̹ǵȻ֮ɿʼݻ
ɱ
ħǣ𷴿ǵͷųޱߵĺڰ֮Ϊĵ֮˵ļӳ֣ǵʵſԵõķӺͷš
ҶһȣȻĲӰһȭһţ޲ǿ֮ǹսʿһǺ
ҫĴڣ
һ󽫴֡
ϲҫǹƲúͳͽ䣬һ֮ȴҶһȭȥȭ죬ȭӰȻĽմĲһ̣ʼѣȻıҶץס˲ӣ顣
ҶȻֻǴ۷ǿߣʵȴ㹻սʤ༶н׵ǿߣǲ༶н۷壬ĻȻǱˣɱĶԷƨǲ༶н۷壬ҶҲа취ͶԷսһ
ôĵӣôа֮ͼ֮С
˲񷣬ѹأһըƽ𣬺ƺƵĳЩǿǿʼѹ
ʵʱ£
еĹսʿļ


2000 ս
ʣ
ҶУݺݵ˺һа˵սʿ
ϣ
ݺݵڵϻһ޴Ĺֳֵ֣Ȼվ趯ٰ㣬ɢž˵âһɺͷŵ⻪еĴҪ˺ͷ
ǧƵĵվıʱ̵Ľ䱸ţϵѪӿޱɿֲײһ
ʣ
Ҷٴεĳ˵֡
ʣǿĴڣ֮ǵƿأͳߣͳ֮£ʵǿֲǿĴȴǺ֪ʵģһ֮ǳĪ֣֮ػߺƿߡ
ˣԸһȺССа֮ǾȻĲģ
йսʿ־žȻ˲һµĵΡ
Ҷ˫Ŀ˿˿âû˵еĴȴݺݵսˡ
ʲ򵥡ħﻺؿ˵
ȻĲ򵥣ܹΪʵĴڣʵ±ҲҪ˿Ĳǣÿһ֪֮ǷԼ˶ٵĺöѪһԾ޴ɢ⻪
֮ǵ壬һնɱ˭ë˫ִ˿˿âǺڰâ䵽˼£ĺʼϵΧĹ֮
ϣ
϶ϵĦſռ䣬ȻʵʰЧ
Ҷһˣ༶Ͻǿһˣ༶н׵ǿҲʮ˵һȺǿҲûƵģңǴ򲻹ҲԽ뵽֮Уε죬ǻһսյġ
ʵĿֲǿ֮Ҷ쾹ȻѰԼļ䣬ûҵļأ·һƾյһ㡣
ʵ֣Ȼ̿ȥȴҲֻǼʱѣȻһһӰѸٵĳ֣Ӱۼһһʼγˡ
ȻĲܹ֪˵ڲһ֮ǵĹսʿ뿪Ҷ﷢˿˿⣬ؿ˵
ǣĺȵ
͡
һ𣬵ʱһӰ׵۳Ϊʵʣ漴γ֮С
˵ģҶ΢΢һ𣬶ԷģȥȻ˵ᣬȥʮ˾ӣϵâ˸ھ֮£بźޱ߲
һ񻯵ϢţһԶ԰ɫڷ趯ÿһε趯ĿڶԷһʥͼڰ˸·һڷһ㣬ҶĲ˵Ȼޱȵơ
ŮˡҶ˫Ŀ¶һ˵â
ʾȻһŮʣ
κε˶ûа취뵽鰡
ͳ֮£ب֮˵ȥַĴԪΪ֮ǿߣȻһŮʣ
Ϣûм֪ġ
һʥŮۣһӵĶµʣÿʱ˸һǰâ貶ǿ
ǽɫĳƾپµ޷ݣʷ¹һ°Ůʾԡʥ֮Уһɵϼ¡
䲻ַʥַϲַ
һԽɫ˸Ÿ߹âһָ̬һֻֻһӡ
վԲ·Ҫﵱһ㣬ȫ֮
ǿᣡ
Ůޱȵǿᣡ
뵽˸ղŵһŭҶղŻں棬֮ԵĴһԲֲϺʮ֮
ȻһŮˣҶȴҲȥ⣬Ǹӵľ䣬һŮˣΪһŮʣǵжôֲʵܹﵽǿ̬
Ҷ첻ȥ޷󣬴˱ӵǿǱħ֮Ҫֲ
һϢһ
϶ϵͻȻĺ֮ſµɷϵĵ𣬵գ
ب֮Уһǿı˳ȻѾ˼µģ
ֻĵǿҲ˵ı顣
һ޷ڸǵıʹʷǵ裬ǵĵۻΪΪ䣬ΪܹȥѡԱǺεȵ裬Ǻεȵĳޣ
𣿡
Ҷһ˿ߣ⡣
ôĵӣ֮Ƿ˭ǡˣ
Ůʽ߹һԱȻŮڸȴûа취ڸĸƣ͹£Ϊ֮
Է֮дһɳƣȴǴʯһĳһȻǶŮˣһµ˼£˵ȻﵽһֲĵزȴҲ޷Ҷ칹ɶٵ谭
Ŀģǻ֮ǣ
𣿡
Ҷһ˿аЦݣǲӢȴĺܣڵаЦȴҶһȻ
ǵеʣаȴһ־˵޷ȴʡ
ϣ
еĴȻĻӶһȥٶȿٵľˣռ߲֮ƣת˼¡
һ۵ǱԷӵĿֲ;ˣһȥݽһ㣬֮Ůʶûа취Ӧ
͡
ҶٶȺǿޱ԰ģŮʵǰӡ

һĲҽѪѪ˸ͬѪѪһ㣬Ȼ˲նһнӽǿսʿаĺܣֱӴǵһ䳹׵ˡ
巢ŭţһͷɫ㷢趯Ůʱǳ׵ķŭˣҶ쾹ȻҵԼȥնɱԼ£ڳԹĴ
ΪһŮʵεܹܵˡ
ʮֻѩĳʼչһ˸ǽɫǺӵתǳ׹һ㡣
иӷģɱ
Ҷ쳤Ӷĺȵ
͡
еĴѾȳ֣ȻĻŷĵ֮ޱȵĿֲȻϵǳʼģһʱ䱻Ҷ֮еӵײУǱԷԭҪֲ
ɱǣ
Ůʵüһһ˸ĺâҪһиڸȥһ㣬Ȼһ漴ıȻҶоһɲΣ
Ȼһ
͡
ȻһȻ˽һ㣬ѸٵĶ˲񷣬Ҷ֮
͡
һ֣Ҷ˫ĿȻһǰϮ棬һѾǰ
ֻӶ˽ָϹһ㣬֮дһָ߹Ϳֲ
á϶ϵû뵽ŮʾȻ˵٣Ƕûа취׽²⵽ʲ򵥣ڿԷǲ²ĸӿֲ
䣡
ݺݵسŮ˵Ľָɱ˹ȥ


2001 Ů
¡¡
ƾյըһ㡣
ӰѸٵ֮нս
ҶʵԴӲϵĵʹѾﵽ˴۷壬һԽ뵽༶ľ֮Уȴȱ
ŮʵʵȻ뵽ϿֲĲ༶ϽףұѰĲ༶Ͻǿ߻Ҫֲ
϶ϵǶûպ⡣
ԣһսһս֮ս
䡭
һĲǿ߿ʼֳ
֮֮صĹսʿǵ࣬ϵȴɢޱߵҫѪӯ
һʱ䣬϶ϵǿͼȥҶϣȴҲûᣬֻܹȥնɱڴܹҶ졣
ϡ
ָһĽޱȣǳʥϢÿһʮն裬
ߡ
ҶһǴԷĽȣĵ֮Ȼѹһʱ䵹ЩǱ֮УҶȴȻԼеĴѡȭͷʼ⡣
Ҷĸʵֻս֮вſֳҶѡȥԷ
ûзûǷĵʧȥԭϬĽеֻبһڵȭͷ
ǾһȭͷȴƺǱøӵĿֲ;ˣΪֱӵֶΣΪֱӵķʽԼΪ򵥵Ĺ·ߣƺǿԽҶǿķӵһ¡
䣡䣡䣡



ֲϵĴݳŮҲ̲ס¶һ˿ţǶҶʵľȣȫû뵽ҶʵȻ˵ľǿֲ
ԷʵŮѾ׵ĶˣԷʵڴ۷ѣȻڳ˿൱ĿֲǶȻĲԽزġ
֮ţŮʼ̫̫ˣԽսǿҲǲٵģЩŻǲŻ磬ǾĿǶȻĲһǿ߲ܣȻԴﵽڵز
ССĴǿҲҺԼаˣŮʵһŭ⿪ʼ
䡭
ȭͷٴεĻֱӵĴŮʵĽֲָı֮УӰʼɢ
Ը߹һУ
ŮʵԸ֮ص㡣
ʺ͵λȻʸȥȥԸǿȥӵһеһС
ǣЩԸصҲŮʵһԹǿҵԹԼȻûǰɺ޵ļһ㶨εĲȥŭεĲȥ
һԽɫȻһĿʼͷųǿĻ棬㹻ȼһһ㣬ɫĳҪ趯£ͬһһ㣬˸֮Уһʥൽ˼µĹ⻪ʼڲʣⱳʮֻİɫٴεĻӶ
ŭ񣡷쭣
ʼ
һŮ˲£һ쭵ŮȴһֲĴڣǼֱͲǳ˿󵽵ġ
þõûнҶ㶨ˣǻһﱻŮʵԽŭһַĳ嶯ѻһòȥˡ
һǿҵΣгҶС
޵ŮˣҶаԵĽ䱸һµĵΣղŸӵĽ䱸ΣΪӪ
ǿ󡭡ȴ
ɳƵ쳹һֿɲϢ֮û˿Цζ
޵ŮɱĻ̫ϧˣ֪շĻ᲻һ㡣ҶĿŮʣһɺ첻ϵڶԷĸȥ̬ȥӵһа̬
΢ĺڰ飬㾹ȻңŮڵķˣ
һ󷢿ϢԵĴﵽ۷塣
䡭
һȻĳҶǰȭʱĴһ޴ĺۼһȦȦӡǳ֣ΪĿʼչ˳ϵ쵽˼£ٴݻĪϿʼͷŵ۷壬ǿ̬жҪ
ˣ
϶ϵ˵аԴвã
һŮʣҶ챾ΪĳӲҪ˵һŮˡ
䡭
Ҷȭͷ˿ûеӵĻӶȥ
֮
ȭںϵȭصһ൱ֲĲһ̫ɽҪġ
䡭
ߵȭͷȻײһһʥĿʼɣߵΧչ˳
һ̣Ҷȴ·йƤһ㣬ƺǶߵķݣֻӶȻĴɵʮ֮⡣
͡
Ӱ˸ŮٴεĻӶԼ֣׵ȭӡҶԴϴȥһȭĻУҶǲȴҲ϶˵ġ

ϵľʹҶ찵Ե֪еһȭͷȻԼĻҪֲһޱΣյŮˡ
ˡ
˸Ҷ֮ۿʼ˸һǿƣ漴ĳΧŮֻǸоԼĽһһоȻԼ޷ˣƺ뵽һĿռһ㡣
ۡ
ƿȻĳˣҶ˫Ŀɺ죬ǿĲ򣡿ռ
ʼˡ
ˢ
һʥӰʼŮʵı֣һϵĴڣΪǿӰһӰȻɢޱߵʥ⻪ȻĿʼ˸ŮҶȭͷӶȥ˲侹ȻԼ
һжһ
Ҷȭͷ͵ľݺݵسŮʵϾһȭһȭ˵ĺܣǿԴա
ۡ
һڽɫѪӣС֮б˳
ۡ
ҶͬʱȻҲһѪϴ޷ŵɫŮʵĽ
ԷĽ֮оȻͷųһɲĲɲ·Ѫ֮УƺϵĴڣһΰĴڣǱһӰĴڣҶƺһֵ뷨뷨ȴҲЩš
ѵ˵Ů˵ںЩ־
ˣҶȴ¶һĨĹЦݣܴ󣬺
ŮʣҶ֮ǡ
һʱ䣬еǿһĿɿڴĸо
Щ֮ǵľҲ˵̬
ܴ󡭡
˵ʲô˸ղŽֵʱʲôôоϢô󰡣
Ҷһɺ죬ϵŮʵ鰡Ŀţ̬ģһռ˱˵Ӱ
ʵҶ쵹Ҳû˵ѣղԼȭͷ˶ԷһԱʱĵ൱ˡ
裡
ǿҵ谡
ҶٶⲻƣԼ
һʣ߸ϵŮʣʱ֮Уھ֮ϣΪһƿأΪֲĴˣܵ˵裬ǰҶ쾹ȻҴԼ֮
ŮҲܹܡ
Ҫɱ㣬ɱ㣡
ŭ˼µɢ˳֮дһ޷ڸǵıߣȻֻ֮Ӷǳһƿʼơ
٣ɱ


2002 
䣡
Ůʵ֮ͷųޱߵƣǿ֮۷һƥһļӳ֡
ɫ񱩵ĻӶȻļӳƥ֮ϣͬһһ㣬ɱҶϡ
ΧĿռ䶼γһѵӣǱ˼£ܻܿ˴Ҷ

ҶŭһһޱŴ֮ľ޴ȭͷ˸ޱߣͬһǺ嫵ʹһ㣬ȻĻһƥ
طʧɫǳʼΪ֮ҡҡ׹ܵʲô˼Ľһ㣬ǿ̬Χǿ޲һ
ǺεȰԵһȭղŵȭ㹻ѹƵǿϢǿҵϢҲǵĺ
Ůȴû˿⣬һͷޱѹʱĽɫѾͬŽɫһ㣬ȶɶӡ
ղŵĳֻ֣һѣȫ
ɱ
ɳƶȻ쳹ֲϢȻĿʼݻҶոյĴһƥڹѣѪʣղŵһȻֻȴҶ춼òȥӵ
Լ֮ûа취ǰŮȫĶԿ˵Լûа취ѹȥʵ̫ˣԼĺͶԷⲫ֮սһս֮
ɱȻĳŮʵ·һŭŮһ㣬һʱٴ̤ʱҶǰһǿӰѾǻʵʡ
͡ռ𶯣һķ籩֡
ת˲֮䣬һɺ嫵翪ʼֳ貣ΪĹ֮ӶÿһεĻӶռ䶼ڲ֡
롱ûеȵҶ췴Ӧһ̣һɺѾΧסܣֻŮʵı󣬷·һ޴Żһ㣬Żҫ˸ϣСԱѹơ
ΧĹʼͷŵ˼µ˲䣬һɹɺ嫵ʼ˾޴ʱ䡣
һ޴ĹӰʼֳ
Щ޴Ӱÿһ𶼴һɱǵҫǧ⻪ޡ
Ӱϵ־ݻľ޴ӰģŮ˵˭Ȼʸ̳ô־
϶ϵ˵˫Ŀ¶޷ڸǵ֮ɫ
ǣҶ춼оһ𺳡
µŮʣ
ЩӰλ־ݻģŹĴڣǶȻ˿ԳصģŮ˾ȻٻôӴ־еݶȻȥ⿪ġ
ɱ
ɳƵȻĳ֣һӰ͵Ŀʼ֡
飡
һƽʮֽĹӰʼ֣ѸٵĻ˲Ҷɱ漴ĻûеȵҶ췴ӦѾҶ塣

ҶʮָӶϵһ㣬͸գݺݵصֿסԷĳ֡
͡
һ̶Ĵ̴˺֣ҶѪϵӿ
һƽʮֽȻȥֿ
˲˼
εȵǿᣬھȻԷ˼ˣֶʵޱȵľ쳣
һ֮Уûеȵָƽһâٴεĳ֣һָһָ
ָ£ݻǳ棬漴ͬһ̫Źɽһ㣬Ȼѹ޷󵽵ľ˺Ϳֲգ֮Ҷͷϣ£ľˡ
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޴ٴεĳˣһ޴ȭһȭɽһ㣬ͲС
߲ռ򣡡Ҷ̤߲ʩչռǿĶһɱ漴һȭɱ
֮ɺ˪Ŀɲ
Ҷĳ֣ŮȻҲû뵽ԷȻ˵Ȼз֮
䡭
Ҷȭͷȭͽ⾳ȻĴ˳ȥ޷׹䣬ݽߣһȭȥǿһ㡣
һ֮УҶȭͷȴһɺ嫵Ĺֿ֮
һ޴ӰԷŮʵ棬ֿסҶĽһǿķ֮
ɹأظǿ¡
Ů˴ʱҶһֲֵ֪ĸоԼڵĳֻ˵ıᶼûг֡
顭
һ޴г֣У֮мӳ֣ͬŭһ㣬˫˲նҶĴƬ⡣
ѪٴƳһȭӡݺݵػҶĴɣѵľĲ
ս
ȼϵĲ࣡
ҶѾһ޷ֿĸоǺͶԷսû˿ʤˡ
Ů˵ʵǲ༶Ͻףȫһϵս

ҶݺݵزһԼǣٴοŶԷһŻ
ѾһŻļ䡣
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һϵŻǵרŻ֮ȴҲûг֣ʧһ㣬һŻٻǹϵ־ҪҲ൱ѵġ
ǰһŮʣһҲ˵ûȫ뵽Լĵ鶼ûȫûҲûпܵġ
ҫ֮ţʩչ־ӭսұΪ͵ȼ㲻Ů˵Ķ֣ڿ¸ӵѰˡ
ҶаԵĿЦѡ
ڱʵˣˣ
Ůʵһָ߰û˿ı飬·һһ㣬֮еһ˿𶯺ŭȴ޷ڸǵġ
ΪҶǿᣬôõʱˣҶ쾹ȻԵֿסңһȴٴεĻָѪǶôĳӯŭǱҶϷϣԼȫĲܹȥ̡
𣿡
΢΢ĲһԼǣҶȴڴʱѾԼע⡣
ȴűӹϵӳ֡
Ȼٻ־ҵ־Ҳǳصġ
ϻһЦҶѾʼתԼ֮ۡ
Ļ쵰
ҶϵЦ⣬Ůʵϵʱһŭ֪ĺڰʱȻ¶ЦݣֱڳԹư
ɣɣɣ
ץʼ֣ʱٴεĳһ̬
ۣ֮
Ҷ˫Ŀ˿˿âüһ֮ƿһеתʼٵӿ
־Ϊ깵ͨе־ʼֳøӵĸо
ҶѸٵĺˣ㿪һâ
ǾεĸӣҶڵһΰĴȴѾʼ¶˿˿ĹЦ
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תκεһִڶҪֲġ
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ž
ָ֣
Ȼĵֿס˶Էһǵǿ߾㵵֮УҶȻĿǡ


2003 ᱡŮ
ʲôڳ޲¶˾㵵ɫ֮ϵҶ죬·ǿʲô˼һ㣬ӶҪɳ
һеĳʵֲ̫ˣˣǾװľˡ
֮ϣҶУ֮д˿˿⿴ǰŮʣһҫǱԷӿֲӵŨԷӵǿ
ô£һССĺڰƿ֮ˣȻᣬǱŮʸӿµҫ⻪
ٴεĿ֮ϣֻҶ貹⻪֮Уָֿסһ۵ĳ֣εȥ޷ȥӦֺ
¡¡
һ޴Ӱʼ˳
һ޴Ļ
ǧǧۣÿһֻ۾˸ſԲƲ;ĵϢǧֻӶ˵ʼ·ÿһֵֻ涼һ㡣
ΪֲһΧǾȻһ޴Ӱ
ǻ߷ŭ߿ģߴЦޱ顣
ֳʥĳꪡϵսսǹ

ӹϵĴڣǳԪʱǿǱĵȼ߸ӵʥҫ
㡭͵ԣǿ
ǾԵǿ
ҶֶηģĹҫ֮ţϵֶٻôӰЩӰϵĺܣ޷ȥǵϢ
ϵ񰡣ϵĴһȺֲĴڣκε˶ûа취ȥɿģϾʱ̫ľԶˡ
ҶΪȴŮһķŭ裡
ΪڳԹԣǿо

ҶХϴϵƣڵʱѡ˷
䣡
һ޴Ӱ֣Ӱӿʼֳֳ־޴ìǾ޴־һɱ
𡭡
־˷ıŭȫû뵽Լᱻ˴̴һĪ衣
һ֮УҶʩչìȴѾֱӹעϵĽ
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һ޴ֲı֣һ˲˺ѵΪҡ
ԣӾˣôţ
Ҷ޳ܵĺ
ŮʵԲȫû뵽龹Ȼӣʵ̫Ԥˣ˼ɥʧһ㡣
ڿѾ޳ܵЦ֮һӻʱٴεı
䣡
һʼ˳ĿʼҶɱ
Щ־ҫĹԣһԶԵչΪϵ𣬿ʼɱռ伤ҪʼĤȥˡ
һֻ̣ҶıǾ޴ʥҲһŭ漴һĹֳ֣ì񽣡ꪡ񵶡
ڣ˿ĲڶԷĿʼɱ
ǺεȵƣޱȵƣҫĹԶһģһġ
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ȴҶ׵ѧȥˣһžѧ̫ʱڵϾѧͨµĴڣκεһ˶ȥĦ֮⣬κε˶޷ȥϾѧ
⡭ϵڣҪԴڲſѧģһεܹôܣĴڰܵĹҫ֮ţ˭ȥƿصģһĶħεܹȥƿأ
ǿ޲¶˷ɫȫ޷ţͬǿħԼǰһ㡣
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Ҷʥ岻ϵƿأԽĿֲǿһϵľѧһֱҶ춼޷񵽵ʲôãڵԼȻǴӱ͵Եġ
ôˡ͵ֻģºѣ
ҶЦ
㻰ȴŮҪѪˡ
޳ܣ
޳ܵˣ޳ܵĴڡ
͵ԼľѧȴԼĲ˵˵ģ£
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Ů˲ĳԼĹҫ֮ţ־ȫջأ˽һ𣬻һŮһ㣬ݣһȭֱӵɱ
ȻŮǿˣԼ־޷ȥҶѹȥ㷽ʽȥͶԷս
ô˰һкöĶҪȥء
Ҷһ޹ĿŮʡ
ȥȥȥɣ
ŮҪˣƵĲҪѪôõʱˣǿߺǧնɱǿҲŮʵһֱǽԼǿţǳΪһһĴڣȴûм˵ĴڣҪʮĲҪ
ôҪĻ쵰𣿡ϣһҪնɱ㣡
ȭķ˸һӰϵĹ־ѹȭϾˡ
ŮʵȭȻҲ˵ľˡ
ŶԷľСҶ췴Сˡ
ž
ȭͷһȻĶԿ˹ȥ
ԿԼ¹ʲô˰
飡
ŮʵȻıһȭУ׻Ĳ˼£һ֮УҶȴٴεĻӶ͵ĳŶԷĽһצ
ѷ
͡
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ȻԷȥڸǣȴҲûа취ȥֿһ㡣
ǰ㽿΢΢һʱŮѵĸ
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ŮʵŽɫĻ棬ˣҪ˰
ҶֱǸ쵰
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ǶԿҶϵʥ壬ŮʵʵǿᣬǵϵԿĻȴҲԵû취ȥԿġ
˵ʱֱˮһ㡣
䡭
ÿһεĳ֣Ϊ֮˼°
Ʋϵǻļĸţȴֲʱȥ˺һۼ۴ʱѾѲõ©˳
쵰
һŭʼ˳Ƿ׷׵ķ˷ŭĺ
۴䣡۴ˣ
ʹ㣬Ůʣ
϶ϵħ˷˴Цʱڳһڶ⻰ȴҲŮʵиӵķŭͷ
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ҶٴεĶһԱʵϾһĸҪŮʵصĵطҶһȭﶼŮѣڸˡ
˻Ĺȣ
ֻӶһǿȻƿҶĳ֣漴һֲĹѸٵĽҶĽƿ

ҶȻĻһ㣬һԱݺݵظ˼ѣҲʱһɲɱȻĴ幬֮о𣬻һĳһ㣬ԭѸٵıɢޱߵѹ


2004 ڣģ
͡
ҶٵĶߣ漴ɢԭ
ȴѾһ۵ƬһǷۺɫģ˿˿㣬Ůʵ·ʱŮʣŭ˵ĽŻڲŭ֮ɫ
ҧгݵĿҶ죬֮УܵĽɫҪŷһ㣬ԵĻɱ˵ĻҶѾնɱΣˡ
Ůʣεȵ绪ܵ˵裡
㰡
Ҷϸϸᣬ֮¶һĨЦ֮ɫ
ķԼɢĲҶ콫˻˫ĿҲʼޱȡ
ŮʵĽ΢漴һŮۿʼ֣ⲢŮۣһŮףӴڼӳ֣Ů۸ӵĿɲ
ȴҲŮʵĽø
͹µĽ˵ĺܣƵһԱԵø͹ԣԲ޳ҲԣԲ¡ƺ˲޵롣
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װ磬ѹŮʲϲʵ̫ˣ洫ĿֲϢȴޱǿȻҲһϵ
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ͻȻ֮䣬һɭȻϢѾޱŨ·ǿУƺǴ޾ǹһ㣬ǹͷҶɱ
ƺƵϢʼ˼£漴һ㣬ۼһӿҶһ޴˺ѡ
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Ҷɫ΢䣬漴Ȼӣٵƿ޾ƣһʧԭ
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ռ֮УԲķΧȻĹѣһƬĿ񱩺ۼǻɽ緢һ㣬ɽ緢ӵĿֲͿ£
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͵Ԫʼ漴һ޴Ӱʼ˳޴Ӱһϵһ㣬ԦһϵޣżУһ޴İɫ磬ޱȣһ貵âϣһĮ֮ɫǿŮŭ֮ϸǱǷ
ڿŮ֮һ˫ȴһ˿ͣ˵û°ɣŮȻʶˣص˵ͷһ֮еŭȴ޷ڸǣ̬㹻ô˵ŭȼյ˼ˡ
Ҷ֮˸ϣ˫Ŀ𣬿Ŵˣ
ԷӵǲףһɫļУʮ¶ѣһͷɢһִϢ
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һ޷ڸǵǿ̬ѹʮ㣬˵ĺܡ
ϵļУһĺۼÿһһʷĲڸǣնɱϢϵĴڣ˾ǿһ۶оԼ˵궼Ҫ׵Ķһ㡣
һ˫Ŀ޷ݵĿֲһ۾ͷ·ǶԼһ㣬͵ѹȸУվȴһħһ㡣
µĹޣһʨģݷ˸һĹâ
ڡģ
֣ȴٴ죬һʥּһ㣬˲˼ѹ
ڵģһﾹȻǿǿ߰Ȼˣֱǲ˼飬ôأģһţţ绪ԣﳼ֮Ϊǿˣ
ǰӣ֪С군ˣߣŮʿĵĽСӾȻ˵ĵϷǿʼζ˰һʱҶҲݺݵһû뵽ﾹȻһ
ڣ
һţϵĴڣȻ˵㲻ǶĴڣȴҲǳһˡ
Ҳľ֮УҶյϢԷź֮УҲΪʲôܹ˳õʱûбѹԭ
Ҷ컹о֮п»Ų˼飬ֻһָоȴ൱ǿҡ
ĵ֣ҶҲŵģļ֮Уһһ˲õĴڡ
Ŵںеţδƿѡ֮һžԵȨϵҫ˵˵Ĵ˵Կ̻Ϊһιϵʷˡ
Էɱ¾նɱǿ߸ǲʵҲڲ༶Ͻ׵ĵزԺϹƽƽĴڡ
֮ж۷һ˿ȥġ
СֻҪֱ֪ˣֱûȤ֪ڹڵϣն㣡
Եţ񣡸߰
Ǻεȵİʮ㣬ǴȴʱȥȥԵ
ԵûԵɵİԵǶԷľʸʵ޷ȥĻ
Ҷ˿˿⣬ԵѾǵһˣȴûļһԼЩǿǣûκεһܹǰĵĸӵİԵš
Ҷ˭ȫĲںԷǿᣬһϸµ뷨
ˢ
ֱָض
ĳ£ƺڽлԼҵĹһ

ĸ֣
ӵİԵ
ӵţ
еһķһȴȻֹ
ʲôԵʲôţİԵš

ֱѾǵĵһһĶԴΪһˡ
ˢ
˫ĿȻһһԷɫâ·ǳʵĳһ㣬գҵĳɢԼϡ
ҶΪɹļŭģʼŭ˼¡
̹ǣ꣬ϿֲĺȻĿʼؾе޲һ£ڱѩ֮һ㡣
ٵĹսʿǣԼ忪ʼźȥȻ޷ǿơ
СӡȻǣõκεһ֣ǿĶȴûκεһ˵Ҷ˵ķ
һ˫ʵʰļ
飡
Ҷɺ˿һĴ󣬺ͶԷâȻײһܹһޱߵĺۼ
ûҰˣΪԼʲôҶ˼ѣ
ʲô
˼ꡭѣ
شӵˣľȻʲô
иԵĻȻʲôʡۣȴǵĵλӵĿֲϾڵĵλ֮ǳǿġ
Ҷ̬·˿Ĳﰡ

һЦȻ쳹֮УһĲƿٵĳ֣漴γĿռƬԲǧķΧİܵĿֲײ֮Ч
Ǻεȵ̬ǺεȰԵĿЦ֮УҶȻݲ䣬ȴҲڰеĳԾ
һŮƺǸӵӦ


2005 ռԿռ䣡
Ҷ˫ĿݺݵǰˣģȻԵǶԷȴҲǿʵΪʱ
ǿֲЦѾҶаԽ䱸˼£Χޱȵıţһ
ԲǧķΧ֮У޲ѳΪѪ⡣
Цĳӵʱ֮ǵĲı͡
ȱ˰ɡֲԲ֮ҹѧʲôǺѵ˵ڵĵӾϰߣϰԵûԵĿʼÿ°
Ҷֹų
ȻСȴ󣬶ڳȫúˡ
鴤
ǳ鴤
һʱ䣬еǿ޲ʼǳ鴤
ҶĻڴĴž찡
ĵĿȻޱȡ
ԭҪͷųԼǿϣȴ˵ڷ飿
Ѫ̲סĽ巢ʱ򣬿ɲӰ
⻰˵ȴΪȻĵ˵ͷ
ѧĲҪٲҪó۰
սħһ˸޳ܵĽе
ĵǶţţɫһƬǽһŭŭ˼°ʱεܹסһ㣬֮ӣϵĴڣ֮жΪǿˡ
ȴҶһ֪Сˣ仹Ůʵǰεܹܵ˰
͡
һâֳҶ쾹Ȼȵĳˡ
ʱǾõĻᣬһ֣ԵĲܹģ
һʱ䣬ҶĳȻյѵʱ̣־Եû飬ȻĿʼ˳ֲй˳
䣡
ռ伤Ĺ⻪˸ͬһ㣬ϵıܵǿռ䶼ҡҡ׹
𣡡ȭ䣬Ҷ֮ݻ˼£ѸٵĳŵĵԴĴȥһʩչǿռ߲֮໥ת֮УӽԼġɱ֮ء˼£ٵĹͨ񷡣
ٶͳ˳˵һʩչǵҲ΢΢һ㶣ȫû뵽Ҷ쾹Ȼʱ֣ϾȻľˡ
ԼδػжԼ轫Ϊһ޷󵽵ĵزġ
𡭡
µޣ˷ŭŭԷȵķһ㣬ϾԷʱ̶ΪԼҶ죬ֻҪҶ֣Եûɲȥ֡
飡
ҶȭͷȻһû뵽ݺݵĴ޵ϡ
顭
Ѫɽʱһɺ嫵ԴԴϵĿʼޡ
ҶɫҲݺݵһ䣬û뵽Ȼڰ·Ϻһӣļƻˡ

ʹ֮£ŭҶһȭǾûҲ䡣
䡭
һĹâɱĵһɺ嫵Ѹٵȥɫѿ˼£ҶĳȻûлԼԼİȫȴҪԼػѾĪˡ
쵰
ĵһŭȻһĴԼ棬ʱһɻԪע뵽޵ڡ

ŭϵȻʧ˴룬Ĳһ߰ڵҶĴ֮ȥָĻԷֻһҶϳˣʨޣһѪޡ
ǾӵϵѪȴɵԷʵֻǴ۷壬һ˲༶½׵ĵزѣ֮߳Ϊα༶ǿߡ
Ȼĵڵĵĸ߰ʹòȥԼĻڡ
ʱĴ֮ǿеƿסˣȴûȫĻָǿǴ֮ǿĺܣ֮ѷɫôױȥȥҲ˵Ŀˡ
ĺķɵСӣ˲𣬵һҪնɱ㣡ĵﻺؿ˵̫ɽһ㣬ޱߡ
Ǹ£͹ɡ
ҶЦ
ղĳ־Ȼʨ޸ֿסˣжһֻνǺ֮ǰ
ţħҧ
ƻӶҶٵĽţħͷ˳Ѹٵĳʨ޳ȥ
Ҷ졭ˣ
ţħŭΪȻ˲٣ڵʵȴҲҶİºŬ´ﵽ˴ľѣȻһҪԸһѾ뵽˲༶ʨ˵ȴ಻ٵġ
䡱׶ҶȻɢԭ

ĵҲٵʹʧԭڵĵط
磡
ҶƻӶȻʩչԼͨ
һӰʼֳ
ҶŮϵõؼ֮Ϊ磬ζĴڡ
쵰
ŮʿҶʩչһĽ϶£ԼľѧȴҶʩչ˳֮Կˣ̬ư
һʼ֣޵а̬ǻŭǺӣ񱩣ȭķ
ǵҫĹ⻪˸ҶԦŲʼ񱩳֣һžѧʵΪģǿĲ񻰡
ҪϣҪ죬ǵĶʼһˡ
ȣռ򣡡
ĵŭĺȵ
һһ׵һ㣬Ҷġ
һҲռ֮ˣеӰһĶסˣҫ˸˲ʵŭռ֮Уһж޷ƿˣҲޡ
ռ֮һҲſռ֮
Ҷ˫ĿȻĿʼȷǷһĿռ֮ԼôܴһõĻƱػ޷󵽵ġ
ҶԸоĳһĿռ֮ԼҪҪֲҪǿٱ
ռ֮ռ򣡡
ҶһȻʩչԼĿռ֮
䡭
޾ĳʼɣ֮Уһ޴ǺӶѣе޲¶˾㵵ȫû뵽Ҷ쾹Ȼ˵Ŀֲ
ϾҶʵֻһССĴ۷ǿߣĵʵҪСҪ˵սʤˣǺ͵ĽֵʸûС
ڣϵݣĪײ֮ŻЧġ
ʲôôܣʱž㵵ķ֣ǰҶ쾹ȻҲռ֮ԼĿռ֮ϵĴڣӵſռ֮ŴʹԼʵﵽһ۷ĵزȴٴεĳһˡ
ĶҶɱȻ
磡
Կռ֮ǿеĵֿס˶ԷĿռ֮Ҷٴεѡ˳֣
ҫ֮ţ
һŮܲĻ쵰ˣҶ쾹ȻԼľѧ֣һĪ£ʱҲ뵽ս֮С
ҲŮˮŮˣȻűȥԼˣ
Ʒ﷢ļ
ǣʮˮŮ˸ղŻںңȻıˣϢô󰡡
ϧ۴ˣǺܿͳ
ϵһ˲ϵĽкʮĻŮǽһ񣬽ǽһ


2006 籩֣
ˮ
ң
ʲôʱΪҶŮ˵ģʲôʱ鰡
һӢبףӱ⼸Ļ쵰̣ˣ
仰ĵģŮʸӵķŭŮеŮˣĻĵλݶȻĲܹ֮Ͼڵĵλ൱΢ġ
һƵĻƱػСĳ򶼻Ϊ֮ģԼԤŮ˾Ȼ˵ӣڸԼһñӰ
ֱڸԼžžžĴ
Ļ쵰Ҷǰɣˣȫˣ
ĵĺ
ʵͨ죬ʱһķŭ֮󣬳иӵײԭʵΪҶ߳һ޷ĵزʱһķŭ֮󣬸ǽ쵽һ¡
䣡
һ޴ĺۼɣһ֮һ㣬ķٴϸϸĿȥȻԷ֣ƺһغۼϷġ
䡱
ıǣ漴ĽɱȻֱӵû뵽һӰڡ
𡭡
ӰɢȻǿеĴɢˡ
Ҷɫ΢䣬һ̣Ůȴٴεĳ֣ϴ˿˿ŭȴ޾ɱ⣬ȻֻӶֱӵĳҶϾһơ
ʱڽĵֿŮʵĹҫ֮ţʱĳ֣ʧȥƿأҶεܹܵסʱԷһĻС
ֿȥ޹ǣ̲صľȴǿֲǷȻıȥȻĿʼɢ˳漴ĿʼǿֲҶ̲סһѪ
ߣ˿ûиҶ췴ʹϢĻᣬֱӵٴλӶǿֲؼٴγֳռ֮ٵѹ
ʱһ޴ĺۼһֲĹ֡
ơӡ
ǡơӡһҲӵŹϵ֣
Ҷо˼£Լӵô࣬ȴȻķ֣һҲӵУҶԷֶԵĻиࡣ

޴ĳҶϮɱ˹ÿһȭÿһǿ޷ڸǵĿֲݿһľȻĴ˳ȥֲҶˣϵļⶼ֧顣
ƣ
һŭٴδϵļжҪǿĹ⻪һսʼֳʱĻһ޴Ӱ漴ĶҶصѹ
ꡭ
Ҷ֮зһϵĽѾһζΣڵѪ˽·飬˫ĿҲ¶ʹɫ
ۡ
͡
ڵѪҶݺݵػһӰ֮⡣

ڵĴϢţ֮еĹ⻪Խı
ơӡһϿֲӡͨ
һǧ
ǡơӡĸڣһΪɲӡ֮һˡ
ǿӡǣڹϵʱڣǿΪ֮ӡǣһõĻһǧνǱǿߵõĻܴﵽһ޷ĵزġ
˫Ŀ˿˿âҶ쿴ǰһоĺܣû뵽һﾹȻôֶΣղŵġơӡоԼ㱻һ㣬֮ͬһһ㣬תǿеѹסԷԼɵ˺
ˡ
кݺݵ֣ǶĺŮʣҶȴû˿İ취ߵĵȼҪ̫߳ˣҶ컹иоǵĵʵûзӳ٣ԷԼδ֪ĵơ
оܲãҶΪ𶯡
˵ܹԷĿռ֮˵Ǿһ£ȫĿԷһ۴ˡ
϶ϵѾ鷳Ҷȴܵ˺
ѹҶ쵭ĺȵ
һУ˫Ŀ˿˿âɺ챬޷ڸǵǿ֮һʥĵۻһ㣬ϵĳ죬ҶϢѾָ
ľѸٵϵ˺۳׵Ļָ˹
¡Բãһ߻Ըһᣬ㲻ܵôʹ࣡ĵﵭ˵еķ˸תϡ
һǧЧ㹻ڲ֮أΪһӡ֣ҶһоѧȥĿռ֮ϵķɹأνǲܵһ㡣
ۡ
Ҷ³һڲѪмĿŶԷװB⣬ûжٵĺøУҲǶԷϢޱȵ
£Բãһĸˬһ㣡
һ⻰ȴǴҶﴫģұԷӵĸ߰ӵ
¸¸¡ﱦүϲĿζ
Ҫ㿪ڣ䲻֮ϾȻһ˼µ
ֻʨ޴ʱϵĿ񱼣ıţħ˿Ŀʼ׷ԷһţͷųĹâǽһ˷ܣǽһޱȰ
̬޲õĽʨһȥһ
ʱţħħţ̬޴ţմȾѪʱʨһ޴βϵػԼƨɣǴ滹ǿĿһʢľջڵѪ
ջѪ
̲סһĺߣѾľȻʨ޵ľջˣ
㲻Ҫ̫
һ·񱼵ʨĺ֪ţħȻ˵Ļ쵰ղŵԼѾһӴ˻ᣬֱӴΪĵطһػ
ܰﱦ
һϵĺֱӲ
ûᣡ
ҶһĻϲ˫ȻĿʼӡ磡
ϵ磬߶£עǳʩչϵؼϵ㣬һ𲻿ַһ㣬㳲
֪Ķ
һ˿⣬ˣ˸ӵĿɺޡ
һʱ䣬ʩչؼӵĿֲϵġơӡѾת˼¡
ŮҲˣǿеתԼĹҫ֮ŴԼ־
ߴҶ첽ˣһɺȴʼԽľ
䡱ʱŤתһɺ嫵ȻĴ֮ͷţ񷣬ͷŵ۷塣
𡭡䡭
𡭡
衭
һŭʼݻҶı޴Ӱʼ֣ϵķֲ࣬ؼ˳Ĳ𶯣ͬܵĪĽһ㣬һ˫֮лۡ
ʲô
ĺŮʵɫһĸı䣬͵ĸоһ˿вϢ
һӰŭڵʼ׳
ˮ֮֮֮ľ֮ķڡ
˫ֻۣƳһӡǣЩӡǿʼϵĵʹγޱߵĺۼ
ĵ֮İ׻ࡢȸࡢ䷨ࡢ࣬ϵĵݻ漴ںһ
һرǺѣʧɫݽߡ
ĩհȻĿʼγɵ˼¡
һݳ
籩֮ŭ
ǹƺŭػա


2007 Ӷᣡ
ף
ޱȵľף
еˣĿ֮ϵӰӰ͵ͷųһɲĺۼĵǿĺۼںһʥۡ
ŷ˵Ű׻չ漴ݻʥۻ˹⻪Ѹٵĳŵĳɱȥ
ռǳ׵ľûû˿硣
㾲֮д޾ѹ֣˲ɵΪνġ籩֮оЦ
Ǿһ֮У
ֲȻķַڵޱȵĿ񱩣·Ҫ񷶼˺ѵһ㣬ɲ˵âıһյĿռͬǿӣ֮޲˲仯촷ۡ
䡭
ֲ˺Ϊ֮ļ£·˲ʱ̣ѾǿԱƿأΪǿҡ
صŭ
ǦƲ裬ɽ緢֮һѳΪޡ
еǿߣ޲ɴԼ˫Ŀ⺧˵һĻһ֮УŮȴŭ
䱸䱸䱸
ŭ֮Уֲͬϵ׹һ㣬˳
䡭
ͬǺˮһĿӿƺ̫ʱڵĩգʯ໥ײһ㣬Ǿ춯صı𺳶
䡢ȸ׻ޣޱ߿ֲĴޣ
ĺģϵķ࣬Ȼûеķ࣬û֮ںϣƾŴ֮ĹעеҲ޷С

һսʿǷǵֻԵĽӴһۼѣǡ֮ŭЧӳȴѾ㹻˲ıɣһ̻촷ۡ
һΰɲĴڡ
Ҷ죬ƾǲ༶ǿΪ֮ޣǸʱʵƺҲֻǴ죬ڵΪ۷徳磬ϿֲĴڣԭΪֹǿǧ򱶣
ΣУ
ǿҵΣڵĵг֣һ˿𾪵ɫϣ޷ŵĿһУǿֲϢѾˣǻԵϢȴ޷ȥ
ֲ̫ˣǿĵĲ
ƣơӡһǧ
ϵĹ⻪貶һظӵӡǿٵĳ˳ܹ˾˵Ĳ֮£ȴͼȥֿȻĲһ˿õġ
Ҷ챾˶һҲֵޱȾȡ
Ͼ֮󣬻ȥֿѾһˡ
ʱҲûа취ȥӣΧһȫ֮ŭЧΧ
䡭
ǵĺۼɣֱռ䣬ȻĽĵУʱһ޴ķ籩ȻչԲķΧɼ
һ籩֮УӰӰȸ䷨࡭ķڣĲϵȥÿһεĻӶԴԷһѪ⣡

Ҷ쿴֮ϵľ޴籩֮¶˿˿⣬ɺ˸ʮĲϵĴݳ
Ѱ˿ԵֱһϵĴڡ
ħ𾪵ĿҶ죬⻹ֻһǿ߿Ե𣿾ǲ༶ǿ߶ûΪ뵽˲༶ĵزжôĿֲôľˣ
޷󵽣е˶޷ȥ󵽣
⡰籩֮ŭһǿٶȺγһ޴籩ռؼеٶȺҲ籩пνﶼ޷ġ
ĵһδεĿŹ֮ڱһצȥѪ۲ϣһѪӿ
䡭
ȸչᣬٵĸɱһɺ嫵£̫ͬʱڵ֣ȻĽԷն£һɲĻ泤ӣӿȼգ޵һ˿ԴȻȸ棬ȴҲޱȾˡ
׻ɱ
䡭
籩ڵһµı֮󣬲ŻֹͣĵȴѾĶϵޱء
˫Ŀ֮дŴ͵ɫǿˣ˵ʽҲᱻġ
ڣ
Ҷ˫Ŀ֮Уâ˸ɺһٵ˸ȥ
ƻһĺۼȻİ˵ĵ֮ϣ֮漴ıٵӿ
Ӷᣡ
ٴ˳
Ӷᣬ԰ԵĶ˵߷򣬻ƣ֣ȴգΪһԷʵǿ̫࣬Ʊػֵķʱ򷴵һεľأҲӶһߡ
Ҫԭ򣬻Ҷ̫С㹻ǿ֧ǿ
ڵҶȴʩչžԵİգΪǰĵȻ㹻ǿ󣬵ڵȴûжٷ
ң
һŭӵĵͷһϵϢһɺ嫵ܣ޵·һŭ֮£ʮ֮Īﳼ

Ҷ磬һħһ㣬ƴ򿪣ȻһɿŭȻޱɱ֮ģȴҶǰ޷ֿ٣ҶһϮ˲Ĵơ

ŭֵ˲䣬ȻԼ˫ĿȴѾ죬ҶӶ֮ѸٵѾס˶ԷĿռ֮ģȻһٵ뵽Լ֮С
ռ֮
ʲôϵؼϵķޱߵ
ʱ䲻˭棡
ռЧ֮Уﶼϣɵľ磬ԳΪռһﵽ۷ľ磬ռ֮пԸıһеģ
ССҶ죬ôĵӣôڣ
֮ſɲŭ⣬Ȼһۼڶĵϣػ
ǿȻʱҶѾֻǵǵģǵڣӴ֮ˡ
ˣҲ粻ɣֵģ
Ҷ쵭Ц֮дŵޱߵİͷǷǿᡣ
ޱߣȻʩչֵ֮֮һĲ
꣡
һ죬ȴһĶ¡
̫ˣ̫ˣҶֱҪΪϵĴڰһ飡
Ҷ졭
ŭӵĵͷ˳
֮дޱߵԹ
ĵڵѪڷ𰡣ǿռ֮ɲǰèһļ򵥣ʵʵڵĿռ֮֮Уľ֮ϣܹƿռҲȻĲᳬʮġ
ڣԼȴҶӶ˿ռ֮
Կ뵽ԼΪռ֮һУεĲΪ֮
Ҫɱ㣡ɱ㣡
ĵĺյ֮ӣյŭħתе˿ʼһ
Ҷ쵽ʲôͷھԵˡ
ʱҶȻмһˣȴҲڰԵĿЦΪռ֮ʼˣ


2008 ֣ѣ
ɫѺۿʼҶΧγɣڵ׷ױߣ֮ȻڽѹҪһʱ䣬һҪһȶĻŻЧġ
ڵıȫǿռ֮ɵġ
͡
һֻīشҶıչ˳ǴĿռ֮ƿؿռ
͡
ٴεһֻ˸˳ģҲīȴߵļµ˼¡
ӶĿռ֮ʱѾʼҶĿռ֮ʼ
Ȼ߶ǿռ֮ͷ·ͬųһ㣬޷ȥɵںϣԼһ໥սģ
ģô£
Ҷĺ
Ҷ졭Ҫ
ȻĿʼʩչͨԼϵһͷ˳ޱȵĿֲǿᣬǿԴһ㣬ʮ۵
͡
ŮŤסԼǣսʱѾΪҶ͵ĵս
СӺǿֲڣû뵽Ȼ˵Ŀֲ
϶ϵš
۴ڵĴΣգҪʱ׼һ⣬̵ǰȥʱĻûа취ɱǵģȴҲҪػ
ëǻǵ˫Ŀ֮У˸ǿ־
ǵȴôʱ䣬ںò׵ȵ۵ĳ֣ȴԵĲܹٴεҶˣǵϣ
İɣһػ۵ġ
ħѪǿ˵
͡
⻪תҶȫûģΪڴ󲿷ֵעŵԼڡ
ռ֮Ϊǿ֮һҲΨԼĴ֮ȥѹһ£ⲢǴ֮ռ֮Ǵ֮ڻûа취ȫĳͺһֻܺһֻĶԴ
ܵ̾ԲһֻĶ֡
Ҷڣѹƿռ֮еһɱǴ֮κλûг죬һȴǲģϾȱ˱Ϊ֮֮޷ת£ӴﲻԲľ硣
ҶڵĴ൱ΣգǺΡ
𡭡
ĵŭһһע뵽֮УϵѸٵĿʼָ˹һ˫Ŀ֮дſɲâϵ˸һ㣬ĿţΧޱȿֲͷȻ֮һ㹻һ档
ϱͻ
໡
һĲҽ˳ֻһ޴ʨٴαţħĳǺݺݵر˶һθݡ
ţħѾĴһᣬһĳǷ·ǸӴֳ˲٣ֱӵı뵽ʨ޵ľջ֮Уǻڷͦţϵȥ
໡
ʨĲҽҪʼ仯ˣǿҵʹ࣬ǼֱǲΪ˵Ҳ
޴ڲʳĭ磬ҵΣڳǿ޲ɴԼ˫ĿǸоԼľաһľԼĿԸоƺһɱڳ֡
Ȼ˵ⱬաԼֵģǿʨҵģȴһ侳ζ
úݰƵ˰ɡ
Ʒ¶Ŀɿڴģ˵
϶ˣﻹƵĻǼֱǼƷˡ
ҹʮҲڳ鴤
ݰ
սħβƺʶĽ˽סԼľջ
ս֮󣬽еǿǣѾţħΪ˺ԺҶҲȻĲҪѾս
ҶսȻӵΣգȴҲٵʹ㣬Щ˵˱ԼľաĻϺڰԱĶˡ
͡
âȻļâһ㣬̵ţħ죬һ䡣
ѾǿʵΪ֮ľĺܡ
ţħڱĿģ͵ıâһĴ̣ʱ໡һҲҽ漴ķŭĳâķȥȴһԿɲڿԼ
֮Уһǿҵ൱ȡ
⡭ǡ𣿲˼үΪջ֮ûû뵽Ȼġ
ۡ
ǿûһѪ
ڰڰֱǸ߼ڣ
ţħĻϲȦȦ棬öôؿζ
֪ĵʵǿᣬȴ̲סǳ鴤ͼڸǿЦͷ
ı΢ħҪɱ㣡
һŭȻĴ˳֮дһ޷ڸǵǿƣȻĿʼй
ĵɫܺڣڵľˣ޲õҪţħɱ
Ҷ졭Ҫȫ
ˢ
˫Ȼһ漴һɺ嫵˫֮л
öϵֿʼɡ
һöǡơӡһöǴ貵âۼһ𣬹һġ֣
ӡ
ǿϴ޷ŵɫ·ǿ˲˼һ㣬岻ϵĶ£ֱҪԼӶҪɳˡ
ӡǴ˵еĹ֡
ǡۡӡǡʡӡԼӡǶǾдǿ߲ʸȥʩչƿصġ
Ƿ˿ԼԦӵϵȨ˲ſӵа
ϵӡһǹϵԶšϹ̫ʱڣǱȽټġ
˶Ȼû뵽һﾹȻӵСӡʥӡǣһʩչᶯ죬쳹
𡭡
һֲŭʱ췭ظʮǦѹƣݽһ㣬һ̣ǵ绯֮һ㡣
ͳǧ飬̬߰Ӳ񷣬һУ

޴ĺۼʼɡ
ȻٴεĻû漴â֣ۼϵľۼȻһȻӰ
𣡡
ӰŭһһֳֳݣͣƺĴȱ
һɫһɫ
һ£Ϊһ㣬˿Ĵȱ̬֮
ڵؼǿߣȻǵĵʵȫһƷǷ
Ҷ˫Ŀ˿˿âԵĿЦ
һģѾȥӦˣٴεĳǿֶζȻԼȥֿ˵ģ˵ãһսҵù˵þԼˡ
ҶȴҲӣ֮־죬ͨģب֮УԺ
ɱ
һ̣ͥΪ֮ҡҷ
䡭͡
վϵʩչ£˸һ̣޾֮ȻҶ
ռ򣡡
Ҷĺ
ıӾ޴ĺɫٵĻ裬һ޴Ŀ񳱡
ûõģһؼȥֿ˵ģͼսֻӶҵĿռ֮Ҳ֮أ궼
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ۿӰŵģҪҶѹƶһ̵ʱ䣬ҶɫȴȻһһϢȻĿʼǣ
ǿδأϢȻıһʱ䣬һǿȻĿʼϵĿ𵴶
漴˻֮䣬һǿƷ·Ǵһ㣬ʼк
ҶĽѣʱ򡭡ˣ


2009 ֮٣֣֣
٣
٣
Ҷʵڽ뵽˴ľ֮һȷĽףԭҪӴľ༶Ϊǵþһʱ䣬بԵɳĻȻûġ
ڵǿӶ˵ĵĿռ֮Ժ󣬿ռ֮ǿЧ׵ҶڵڣеĿռ֮һٽҶһ۷塣
뵽ͻƵľ֮У
Ҷ޷󵽵ģ͹ռ֮ǿЧҲû뵽ԼȻӶ˶ԷĿռ֮Ժʱַɡ
䣡
֮УһɲϢʼһȾ˼£֮ǵĵҪΪ֮˱ܷâ
ǿ̬ʱĵɫԭĳȻֹȻͣЪ
ÿµļһ
ʲôȻؼ䣡ҶʼѪϣҵʼ
ǿ¶һĨ㵵ɫ֮ϵӰЩʧ񣬲ϵĲ²Ҷ쵽ʩչʲôȻԴﵽǿĳ̶ȡ
䡭
ٴεĳһ˸漴һ޴Ĺ˳
һ޴Ĺ϶嫣ޱߵĲçϢ̫ʱڵһ㣬ңй¶˿˿ƣһĵ˷裬ڵѪ
ֻЩ༶н׵ǿ߲ʸǰȥעһеĳ֡
ֲֿȴǵɫʼѿ쳣
ռϵҶԺ֮ͻۣǴ
𡭡
һŭҶռ֮˲䱻ݻ˼£漴ıһչɫĿռ֮ʱѾȫѱ̬ǵĿһǸֵĽʺޡ
շռ֮ʱ򣬿ûɵģʩչֶνҪˣȴû뵽ֻת˲ʱҶ쾹ȻѾЩ׵շˣŶôɲſԴﵽ˵ֶΰ
Ļ쵰һﵽô£
ҶϾۼһֲԤгڵĵУоܲãѾܾûгֹ˵ĸоˣһֲӡ
䡭
ϼɢһϵģʼ˳̬ģȥޱȵʵ·Ӧóһ㣬ȫ޵ġ
һ޴ƿʼֳ֮⣬һĹɢâ֮סˡ
𡭡
һ֣֮漴죬ȴѾ˿˿Ѻۡ
ѵ˵
ĵһϵĴųС
۵¡¡
ĴűǿеĴݻ٣漴һǿĸϣΪ޺촷ۡ
һӰʼֳЩӰչֳһɺ嫵
޴Ӱ˵ǰĵġ⡱һӲΪѾ˽⵽⵽״ʲôˡ
Ľѣѳˡ
֮٣
һţǾǲŵʳԺ֮С
֮٣ϵĴѣ֮ҲǺޱȵģب֮Ҳֻô˵ϳֹѣÿһ˲õĴڡ
ҶʲôˣֻһССĴǿ߶ѣεĻѣ
ĵģڴ֮ǧ٣ǧ֣ÿһضΪǿĽѣһظ߹һأνǿޱȣĽѡ
ڶȹ֮ĵҲΪһ棬˽֪
ǾԼѱԷ֮٣ҲҪʮǧﰡ
ôܣⲻܵģ
޷ŵĺ
Ǿٰ֮
϶ʥĽѣ֮У־𲻿˼ǿ־Ǵ˵еľŴصİϵ𣬾ǿǶС֮еǶȥġ
һﵽʲô˰ôܻ˵ĴѰǰǶôɲʣǿ˵Ѿˣ˶ɽ٣Ȼ࣬ȴǻһģڣһľ֮٣ֱҪȰ֮٣ϴγҲبźõˣ˭Ҳ޷֪⵽жôĿֲҲһԶȥء뵽༶ľ磬Ȼ˵ĵزֱǸ氡
㹻ʷˣһս䣬ǶȻĲȴһλԻ͵ʷ
ǿ޲ͷ˵
Ҷǲ֪ˣеעȫ֮ϡ
֮١㻹ǿҰ
ѣҶЦ˵
Ƕɽ֮ˣȻҲ˽ѵˣǾÿһʵȻ㲻ǲ༶Ͻ۷壬ȴҲ༶ϽǿҪǿģÿһһ־ΪµģǵǰһеĳֶܵǿѹƣҶڿ»ûʸȥаġ
ڸô죿ǰȰ
ɫҲʼ仯ͬʱ̫ʮѪ۾֮Ҳ¶˵ǵɫ
ģҲδտԶһѵģСѵǱ˷𣿡
ԭĺ
ܡȻĲܣ
èҡҡͷ˵
ʲô취𣿡
ҶݳһĨεĿЦ
ǵģҲΣû뵽ȻѣҲʷϳʥ˼Ĵ֮⣬Ϊǿһˡ
Ļ޽ӽˡ
ûа취
ԭ΢΢Ĳس˵
ûа취
Ҷһμԭ¶εɫɬ̬˵ģ״ģҲ˵ѾΪˡ
ôܣ
Ҷ޷ܣֱ޷ܣ
ѾҪӴˣȴ˾֮ٵǰ޷ܣ
֮٣ǾϵǵǱѰȫʢʱڵҲδҪС٣ȫʢʱڵĻ޵Ľӽʥ˼ĵزֲεĴ٣ڵӦóֵİ
ε̾Ϣ
ڵʥ壬ǡ
̫ʮѪԽ˵Խ󣬾Ȼ׳һ㣬֮дſµâ̵һʹ
ѵ˵˼ǡԭɫȻһ䡣
ģȫвͨģ
ɣ˵ǸɣҲһľ֮ɫ̫ʮѪ·ǵһʶһ
֣һ֣һûг֣һֵĻƱػһ޴ֻ֮ǵ˹ûжٿģƽ֮£ȻǿᣬǶȻĲġǵ˲༶ĲΡ
ڵǲ༶ĻҪɽ𣿡
Ҷ̲ס˷۵Ľе
ͷ¶޲õĽѾһƵˡ


2010 ҷս
˵ֻһ취
̫ʮѪ֮дһĨ֮ɫƺǳĪʹࡣ
Ҳͬ⣬ǼϼһֵĻδزֿܹסһѣǳֱɣ
ԭĺ
һ¶ģһΪҶ챾ˡ
һʱ䣬һָж
ʲô취
Ҷ쿴̫ʮѪس˵ȥܵģ˭Ҳ޷һѡһѡʵԵҪȥѡġһбȥסˣǾˡ
㡭
̫ʮѪʮֻصĶҶ죬һһٵ˵
򵥵֣ȴ·̲һ㣬޷ڸǵĿֲ

ҶѾ²⵽еһ˼ȴǲȻ
ǵġ㣬ܹǲ༶ǿߵĺɱʥ壬һ˼£ȴҲԵĲ֮ģ֪Ϊʲô𣿡
ԭ˵
ΪʲôҶ˫Ŀ˿˿ĺ֮ɫ
һͳƣʵϣǿĴڴӹŵɴţȴһΪϵȴ뵽˳˯֮УһԪһԪĳ˯ȥûѹЩ񣬲ǵޱȵľ˿ɲΪһȺǳԪʱڣ
Ԫţ
ʱһޱǿʱҶ챾ûа취ȥ˽ежôĿֲǿ
ǲһȺ񣬶ڵҲֻǸˣЩԶҪĵԪʱڵ֮ʥ壬Ǿ͵Ҫ
̫ʮѪ࣬ʵϣʱѾ޷ȥ
˼ԾŴд
Ҷ˫Ŀ𣬻ؿ˵
ǵģĴԼѪѪѪǽϵһδ
̫ʮѪĺ
У
ԭĺ˫Ŀ𣬿̫ʮѪâ˸ѪҪǿǾ֮٣ʵֿܹ٣̫ʮѪȵѵ㻹иõעѣѾˣѵİ취Ϊؼʱ̿Եֿһ£ȴҲܹ̫࣬ĻѼأ
֣ɸıת֣
һ㣬ҶѾ˽⵽ˣǶҲ׼ڵҪȥı䣬ıһУ
ȥˡ
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Сӡ
ԭͻȻؿںȵ
ǵ㣡
èؿ˵
һ˿ʪۿתһ֣˵Ƕȴûа취ı䡣
ˢ
һҶ˫Ŀ˿µâվ֮ϣ񷣬ȻĻӶ
ۣ
ĺһ޷ڸǵǿѹ漴ĳŵ˹ȥ
ϢҶϳ˳
֪һҶܿ޷ֿǿˡ
Ҷ졭쵰
Ҷݺݵӵ˵֮еĶսħ˴ĺῪʼʡ
صתһ޷Ԥϵս˭޷ȥֿסġ

ţħĿͼƵĺۼȴ޷ҡһУҶƿأ޷ȥ
֮Ѿ۵˼£޴˷ĺڷйڲϵйеĻ档
ˡ
ѩǹУҶ쿴һĵģ¶˿˿⣬ĿЦ
ģһսҷ񣡡
񷣡
¡¡
߷裬ʱǿǣ޲ޱȵĿһӰӰȻʱȴɢͬػơ
һսҷ
һսҷ񣡣
սһ˫еĺͲмȴһֳϢ˸
һĮӣһֲмһֵӣ
ҷ񣡸ҷ
ĸȴ޴ɽһ㣬õĵ
Ǿٰ֮ب֮ΪֲĽ֮һǲȥ⣬ȴҲûоԵİգ̫Զ̫Զˡ
εȥ⣡
Ů΢΢һҶ¶һĨɫȫ޷󵽣⵽ʲôҶ쾹Ȼ˵ϵļһԼ൱ӶǵĵĿռ֮
ǿֱ̬һˡ
ڣԷȴǾ֮٣ҪԼսڶӻѾ˵ֿͼڴ֮ʱһѡ
漴ٴεһǵģʱĵ
ģɵҺһսҲң
Ҷѩǹͷ͹ϵİһöϵӡǳ֣´ġԡӡ
ʮͬսһ㣬Ȼվ֮ϣЩȼ߳ܶǿȴû˿һ㡣
ŵŵţ
ĵҵĲţŲ̲סĵ
Сث֣
Ҷ첻мƲƲͣ漴ľȻѡ˶Էǲ񷣬žڷӰ
ث֣
е޲ݺݵشһ£ȴԷǵľȻҶһ仰ŵõثҲʲôӢ۰
𡭡
һ֮ݳ֮д޵İԵƾճһһ㡣
͡
ŴĶ׼ҶɭȻ˫Ŀ֮Уâ貣һ񷣬նһƬɽӡ
ɣǹҶĺȵ
ս
ҶͦǹȻһѡˡ
¡¡
ŭˣŴˣһ̳׵ıˮڶйǿ˷Բǧ
֮֮Уһɹɺ嫵ѹƵķ飬û˿
䣡
һȳˣһСϵȴ޿ֲָһʱһֱָӶ棬Ҷ쿪ʼ˳ȥ
ǿĿֲ·һκۼһ㣬ƺƵĳҶǰ
ֻת˲ѣҶȴѾоԼĺϳһ󼱴ٵϢǿҵĸо޷סǸоԼ˵ƺҪ
飡
ϵļѣһʹ֮£ϵļⶼʼ˺ѵѪɡ
ŵŵţ
̤㣬һɹɺ嫵ʼϮɱ˹ȥҶĬĬĴ߶Լġתٵ趯תǿ
𣡣
һŭ֮У·Ϊ֮һĻ谵
еˣ޲עһУȻڹѣȻŭȻѾޱȣһбǰս˵ȴ㲻ʲôǾս
䡭
߿裬ֶһҶѩǹޱߵѾŶԷϮɱ˹ȥ
֮䣬ƺֻһӰ޵š


2011 ŵ죬񻰣һ
֮بų࣬ͷޱߣȻһӣȻֻһָ̲֮صȴһ㣬Ƿ
ݿƣ͵ıѸٵĽҶ֮䣬һ𺭸˲̫ɽ
϶ɲҶļһĲ֮Уž֮ǿҵľʹŭĸӿɲ
𡭡
Хһ㣬ʩչеѩǹ貵Ĺ⻪ǹϿʼͷ˳
飡
һǿľ֮һ̣ط·ʧɫΨһ
ۡ
ҶһѪϵļһĹ漴¶裡
ʹ࣡
޾ʹ࣡
ҶڷĶţûио˵ʹࡣ
ǿҵʹ̲סſͣ𣡣
ͬһ˵һ㣬˻
ڳǿ߰ŵĶ̲סһ¡
ǿĽʵֲ̫ˣҶεȵľˣȻᷢ˿ɲ˻ֱǳ˳˵ġ
˻ڳҶȴڷš
£
ʵ̫Ŀˣڵĳ֣Ȼֻһѡ˳֣ԼȻû˿ĵֱֿ֮ӵıԷˡ
žžž
ѩǹһѺۣΪܵޱߵĳͽ֮ŻֵѺۣҪˡ
ۡ
ʮ֮ĵطҶٴһѪʱ˫Ŀʷǰâɺ챬
һεĽӴȻֻһУȴҲ㹻һˡ
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棬Ҷ棬һ֮ʵʣϵƣǾ޴ľעҶ֮У޴Ӱʼչֳƣһɽ̵ƣÿһöޱȹӵ֮
ǸôԶȴҲԸо֮
ǿҪӶɳˣǺεȵǿ֮ǵõĻǾͻɾһĵز
һ˵ĻƱصĻǵľﵽһ۷壬ǺսĻһϵȻҲԻָϵһ˺ۡ
ֱһŵĲҩ
ۺˣˣ޲õĽһľռΪС
ǵģڲ޲õʱѡ֣ȴңΪһ֣Ǿ֮پͻήٵϣӿȥָҶĽˣ˵ǲܹסġ
ģŰɣҶ죬ĩѾˣ޷ѵһˣһˣϵһжҵģϵõĿռ֮ҵģԭĿռ֮Ҳҵġĵתϵ˸˿˿â
̬ǿģʵø

Ҷ³һϵ˺۳׵ɢˣʱ˫ĿȻһޱߵһ㣬һӰʼֳ
׻࣡ȸ࣡࣡䷨࣡
࣬ĳ֣ʩչޱͨ
ҶŤת˵ü֮Уһ⻪ս
һ֣ȴ޵İԵ֮
䡭
ˡķˣһ羹Ȼֻд̬һȴ亱Ǿ޽Уǰبţϵ£Ӻ޵δδػһǿĹ
̫ˣҪսҵĻǾԵĻҽѵġǵĵǿᣬٵǰҪΪ֮ݣҶ쵽˭Ȼϵ־ͿµΪ
ǿڲˡ
ΣһҶʧˣȴҲԵĲûǳɳΪһβĴ棬ԶʷᣬΪһʷʫ
ڵģһȻδȴѾˣž֮٣ĵĺȴǱ˳
֮ˣ½һ֮жӡһöµʣ
䣡
֣֮
Ҷ챻һУֱܣǸƵľȴԴԴϵṩӴ֮Ҷ˼£漴һ֮Ĵȥһ壬˿ɲı
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貵Ĺ⻪˸һɲâʼǲľŴ֮ԴԴϵʩչ
ѧؼͨ
һжʼҶʩչһ۷ľ磬νǿɲ˼£絽۷ľ硣
һ̣ﶼΪ֮񱩵չˡ
һȭһţ̲صﵽһµĳ̶ȣʼһ۷壬Ҷĺͨһ㣬һһ֮ۿɱ޾Ԫʼ
䡭
֮֮УʮɲӰĳ֣׷׵Ĺѣϵ貣ݻΪ촷ۡ
磡
ҶʩչϵĿʼȥ
𡭡
İȻҲʼĳˡ
ǳѹʼ
ȭƷָӡ
ÿһǷǱѰĿɲ;ˣﵽһ£
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Ҷ쳤ХһһƬӣ˫ֽӡһâչֳֵ죬ֻϢȻĳ֣֮ĵ֮£ݽһ㡣
飡
Ƽӳ֣
֮ŭֳ֮һ֮Ȼһʼ˺һ
еǿ޲ɴԼ˫Ŀʼ⵽һεҵﰡһʩչȻѾﵽ˾캧صĵزһǿ൱Ĳ򵥰
ǸӿµĻں棬ҶʱȻѾʼ˸貵Ĺ⻪ȻڷĴݲţţ׹ǻ촷ۣӨӨ֮ȴڷıŷ漴һĳɳ
䡭
һ̤գȻһһɺ嫵ʼ
еˣ뿪֮ǣ
Ůʴĺȵ
һǿҵΣпʼˡ
漴ǿеչԼͨԼת
һ̣ѾһƬԪ֮С
ȴȻĲȫкһЩǿǣһɺ嫵˲촷ۡ
䡭
Ҷˣ׵ıˣ˵Ѻֱۣ𣬿ɲâԵѪ
¡¡
֮뵽һƬĴ֮У˲ѵĳ
Ͼֻвһһս֮ǿ٣һ֮㲻ʲôǿԻƵĿɲԪ򶼲ڻ¡
ˣ
˿գ˴Ԫ֮У֮һѺۼ̲סһʧ
Ҷʧˣ
ȫʧˣղŵһʩչ֮Ƕˣʷĳ
û뵽Ȼˡǿ߸̾
ϾǾ֮٣СȻɲǶȻûǿ̬ȥֿġ
䡭
һɺ嫵ʼչ˳۷塣
ķһǿٴ˳Լһâʼ˸


2012 ŵ죬񻰣
޵֮Уһ貶ʥĹâǿؿʼٴȥ
ΧʼѸٵĲһɫĳӣϵš
Ǿ׵âĳƺǿʼԽһֵ
ʲô
ǿעٴα˹һâҷǱѰĿֲǿᣬޱߵɫʿʼ󣬲ϵݻǿ̬Ϊ֮ĺĺܡ
ɫԹǾһָ߹ĹâغǿֻΪĴڲŻӵصĹâ
ûʧ
ͻȻ˷·Ƿ´½һ㣬Ľ
һ̣еǿ޲ʼ¶˾㵵ɫâ˸ǿɢ˼£Ѱٶͬһǿһ㿪ʼߡ
ĵһ󾪺üһȻһ貵âʼչ˳һֻ۾޵ĲɢŹ϶ɬϢ޷ȥ̽ѰһâȻ֮⡭
ǿӰɢޱߵĻɬ͹֮ͲϢʼתԲķΧ֮Уһе鶼ȥ
ЩϵǶȥԵĳһ˿Ϣ±ɲע⵽ԼĴڡ
ôܣѾˣҶѾ׵ˣղŵҶҿģһǿһһ촷ۣѪ⻯ĳôܻ֣һǿ߷˾Ĳ
ƺǿЩͷˡ
͡
𡭡
һϼתɫ貹⻪Ȼɣһ˵˼µĹ⻪·һɫһ㣬ȴһµϢ
ʲô򣿻ϢҵҪоˣԵĲѰ֮⵽ʲôĵĲһŭ𣬸ӵΪ֮
Ҷ졭ûȥ
ǿȻ˾
Ůʣ䣬ս£Ľеĸˣ֮У˻ΪһŮһ㣬׵Ľ·һʯһ㣬֪Ů˺ǵ֮Ĺϵǳȴǿ̲סҪۣҲ㹻ĿĳŮʵȻ֮ﵽһô˺Ϳɲĳ̶ˡ

Ȼһŭ֮ٴεһ֣·Ǻַ·һѵһ㡣
͡
ƿ֮ڶ
ٴεһ
һζεâ˸âģһпʼ֣ǲУһаӰ
䡭
һ춯صıȻĴ˲һ㣬˳漴Ӱٴε׳󣬲ϵɢš
𡭡
ŭֳ֮ӰҲ֮ıʵ塣
ȻѾĲ²⣬ǵҶٴγֳ˲䣬ĵȴ̲סĲ
ֲ
ޱȵ𺳣
֮ķ·ǶߵĶҺһ㣬ϸʴģǸ߰޷ȥϿһ㡣
Ȼû
ǵģһӰҶ죡
ɺ˸֮Уһâתͬ˳һ㣬֮еȴȫֱ꣬һˣվȴһϵݻһִصƣںһơ
˾˺ͿֲϢʵΪ֮ļµĺܡ
͡
˫Ŀ֮䣬ɺ챬ͬâޱߣ漴һɺ嫵ϢȻı

֣ȴ·̲ϵһһһĪ̲ǧϷһ
£ޱߣ嫣
𣡡
ŭһֱµŭǵ
Ҷ쾹Ȼûֱǵϣ
ɱ
ٴεһŭĺһεĺУ޵ĺͿɲɱ⡣
¡¡
սٴεĳ˳ǿµȻϯʮӰһž޴ĴԪ֮С
һĴԪ򣬳˺ڰ֮⣬ҲûˣƺǸоҶǵǿᣬЩڰѸٵѡӶݣȥеùͷڰ鵱УΪǿҲֻǴ֮ΪϣεĺҶǶԿ
û뵽Ȼû
Ҷ찵ԵҲѣ
ʱ֮ϣһļ˺ûһ˿֣˾ͷ·ǳӤһ㣬
ղŵһϮɱҶΪԼҪˡ
ȫĻ촷һ㣬ľ׵ıˣ˵һжȫɢˡ
ŭ⣬ӰȫıˣʥӤǷ˷ŭļ
ԭһƺǶѾ׵ɢˣȴû뵽ǣһصȴԼ׵Ļ޵˲䣬Ȼʼһ㣬ȻԼϿʼ
ʵ̫ˣҶûа취ȥסһ˲ʱ̣ҶоԼĴڣȻ촷ۣȴһɫѸٵѼһ𣬶Ŀʼۼ˲ʱĿʼ۳Ϊڵǿģ
һɫҼǵǴصļһϵõġ
Ҷ΢΢һ
˵̫ʮѪϤйԷԼȥƷӡ뵽˾֮ȴƷӡĵط
²ûдĻصļһӦ
Ҷ΢΢һѾȷ˴˵ˡ
һصɫǴԼȴҲԼٴεĸ
Ȼ֪ܹռΣҶȴҲһİա
ġȻûˣҶӣʲô·
Ů޵¶һĨɫ૵⻰ﴫݵĵĶߣҶĳ޸ӵһµĳ̶ȡ
޲ޱȵĹâȭͷסı
ļһҶ죬â˸ɱȻıŷ
ĵɱ⣬ҶǲܹоģڵҲûʱȥԷǲϵȥӦŴ

һƿ֣֮һֳһǶƵĳҶӶȥ
䡭
֮֮֡
ѧĺɱ˹ȥһȭȭİ壬ǿĺܣ̫ɽñ顣
Ҷĳ֣ǳȴӵ䣬һӳ֣趯涼·ĶڷĲţţݻϵͨ

İҲĳ֡
ȭšơ
ʥ׷׵Ŀʼʩչһһʽ޲̲ؼʮӰ˸Ҷ˲䱻˺ѳĺۼ
ûа취ȥֿҶȴڷŵâ˵棬â˸һ̷·һ޴Ķ¯һ㣬Щ뵽Ҷ֮С
ڵɣ
Ҷı֣ǵĵȻĲ¶޷ŵɫ


2013 ŵ죬񻰣

Ծ֮ȥԼ
Լ嵱һʯǵĴ
ֿɲ뷨˵ĵ֮УʼԽľ뷨ʵ̫ˡ
Ǿ֮ٳֵĴҲָģǳˣȴҲսս˿и
ͬһĴڣװĿֲǿߣڵǣκε˶ȥСԷǾȥŬĶɽ٣ȴҲʧܸա
ڵҶ쾹Ȼѡһ·ֱ
Ĳܹˣ̫ˣ̫ǿˡ
ʵεǿᣬεĿֲҲǿȥɣֱ赨
ҶɢӨӨ֮⣬һɺ˸Ǻһ㣬ɲ⣡
ȻѲȴڷĵֿţһһʽʼһ㣬ÿһεĳ֣ڱԭĳֽһء
ĽٶȾҲδܹﵽ̶ȡ
䡭
һ֡
һʩչ̤գһһƬͱеĳţĳ֣һƬɽӱѵˣǿնڲһſŵǳ׹䣬ϵĻա
޿ֲΪ֮Ķڲϡ
ʮĿֲǷ޷ľ춯أ
ŶԷĳ֣Ҷȴ˿Ĳӣʱ˫ĿԽɢĹ⻪Ѿһ
ʱ׵ķһ̣ѣ氧ͬƺȺħڳ֡
ŴÿһǹϵĴڣԺޱȣ߹Ƿа޲š
꣡
һȭԷϴ޵ƣÿһƶ·һƬһ㣬֮ĪǴʮبŵϢ

Ҷٴεı˳ȥϵɭȻ׹ǴʱѾϵѪڷţ·Ȫˮһ㣬ҵ̬Ȼûиղŵַǡ
ҶȴûеӣеֻǼ㣬ǿļ֮ɫǷ·һȺû˿ﶼܶҡ־ϵǿ־
ꡭ
һҶҶһǿľ
䡭
â˸ӣֱϣ
һ̣ب֮ޱı˳
Ҷ¶һĨ֮ɫ
ı˳
ʱˣ
𡭡
ŭһңңԶǿһĲľ
СҪʲôһŭ𵽵ǴʲôǿŭǵڷĲ
žҶ쾹Ȼ͵һ屻ǰһ޴˿ڣֱӱγһնĺۼȴһ˸ʥӤм䣬һâϳ֣˸ޱߵĻȻĳ֡
һƬɽӴƣһӰڲУϵţʷʫҫ͸Ҷϲ
嶼̲סĲ
ž
ҶһֻȻİס˶Էֱۡ
𡭡ϣʱ忪ʼˣһ֮£Ȼϵһ塣
䣡
ֱϹǿǵ˫ۣǿʷΪ𺳵Ļ棬һҶǿеסֱͬһһٵ趯ȥ
䣡
һֲ֮£ҶֱӵĻˡ
һ嵱еġ
վڵĹ⻪貶ҶѾоԼҪˣȴƺڲϵԴԴϵͷš

Ѫ裬ɶľϵʼ²ϣһ
ΪͻڵƣΪ֮Ĵڡ
ϵʥ壬ҪΪԪʱ֮
¡¡
һƱγҶϣ漴תһѾʼٵںϣٴε뵽Ҷ֮Уʼ˾ġ
ĿĵĺۼΪ֮
Ҷ˫Ŀ˿ɲ֮⣬Ȼʱ򻺻
֮⣬޴ʼĳ֣ʱҶ쾹Ȼѡ£
Ѿ˵ֿ𣿡
̬Ѿûϣˣب֮䣬û˿˵ɶȹ֮ٵģҶҲ࣬޷ﵽ̶ȵģԴΪܹﵽ˵ĵزҲ㹻԰ˡȻǲУبŵľǿɶϵǿڣôҲҶΪȥֿ˵ġ
ǰǸ߿
ǿ׷׵ȴ¶˲̬ͬ
һǵģѾȻޱڴҶȴԵĲţҶ˵̬ȥԷⲻڷϣķʽ
Сӣѡȥġ
һŮʣ˸֮УϵðĹ⻪ҶЩ͸ӣ֪Щʲô
¡¡
ʼȻĳˣǵ֮дſɲâһεĳ֣涼ҪΪ֮ˡ
һϵǿߣ༶Ϲǰ̬ޱȵľ
֣ϵְ
䣡
ŵ貵Ĺ⻪ʼ˸˳⻪ı䣬ÿһһġ
ŵ⻪ںһ˸ǿ̬Ϊ֮
ˣ
â˸Ҷ֮УһɲƿʼֳǷ·֮䣬֮УΪʥƣӵžȨŴһ㡣
һ¶Ȼƿ񷣬˸һĽһبţնδ
͡Ҷ˫ĿȻ˫Ŀɺ˸͵ŭһ
죡죡죡
޴¡¡Ŀʼ쳹˳ʱѾŵɲϮɱ˹â˸ŵâȻٵҶγɣ漴һ㣬ȥ
䣬ƾ
䡱
ٴεı촷ۣһٴεĻָ˹
ÿһεĻָҶϵǿ
أǿƺǿʼ𽥵ļ
𡭡
ŭˣˣ˲ʵǵʱ䵽ˣѾûа취ٴγʱĳˡ
ǿһ
ˢ
ҶȻվâ˸һ貹⻪Ǳ˿ĲСѾоԼ֮һڷڣͲһҪĵԼҪˡ
һսһâɣȴڲ֮أϳɳ
ɣս
գҶ췢˷ĺ
䣡
žŭ𣬳ǧϰٵ飬֮һƬ޺ͷ棬촷۷衣
Ҷ쳤趯ɺ챬Ȼû˿⣬Ϊһɲĺۼһƺһ¯·һùϵһ㡭
ɲâ裬󡭡
ب֮䣬һս
ѣ೤࣡ŭ֮һ̣֮Уеǿ޲Լ˫Ŀبźһδѡ


2014 ȣ
䡱
ب֮ų棬ϵһſŴԪ򣬽ѹΪ촷ۡ
˲ʵŭǴڵʱѾûˣһȴΪǿͿֲġ
ҶԡѪս貣ϵļѣ׹ɭȻü֮У֮ȴͷų˸ӿɲĹ⻪
һּµһֶǿ򣬸һŵâ
˫Ŀɺ챩ǣϵĴ߶ǿʼʩչݻ˼֮ѾȻĽһռ䳹׵ˡ

޷ڸǵʼҶϿʼչ˳֮ǿֲ֮ңź
еǿ޲ɴԼ˫ĿǽγһԲıƿռ䣬֮˫ĿɵùԲǿһ㡣
䣡
һȭӡɣһö޷ڸǰԵ֮ȭӡ·Ǵ֣ƺǴ֮еһ㣬ʮ㣬Ȼĳı֮гһɲķ籩
һȭѣȴǧƵӰڳ֡
ϵϵļӳ֣̣
һζεʷʫɿγɣǽȭͷǿ󱬷һոµĲ֮С
䣡
һȭ֮£һ׵ıˣһ̣žеǿ޲һ
ֻǾĲŭ֮ڻص
ɡɹˣһǿߵϴž㵵ɫһӰ
ôܣǵģܵģ
ʱ䣬Ѿȥ죡
ʱ֮УҶ첻߲ݵں;⣬ı˰ٴΣٴε˰ٴΡ
ֿɲľκεһ˶޷󵽵ġ
˭Ҳ뵽֮پȻᱻԷơ
ӰʱԴ˿˿ĶѪϵţϢ΢˼£һֻڲдĲһ㣬ʱĶ
׹ǳֳһֻƣʱȫû˼⣬ȫǰ׹ǣɭȻ˼µİ׹ǣȻղŵһȭҶġ
ʱҶ죬ޱȵ˼£
ϵļⶼڳ鴤ʹĲһĿӿʱҶҲѾоʲôʹ࣬һ޷ݵĿɲо·Լÿһļⶼڷİ
ľϵĹע֮ǴʱҶ̫ˣܵشֲ̫ˡ
ҶѾȥֲֿĸоҶһֻϵģھϵġ
ʱ俹⣬ûа취оʱʧоҲֻ޾ʹ࣬ҿֻǴʱ䣬ǳõĴȥҶ춼ûаȥ֧ȥ
̫ƣˡ

̫ʮѪ૵ĵ
ǵģǺû뵽Ȼӵһǿ֮ĺã
ԭҲطųһ
ûİСӾˣҲΨһĴڣſָұµĵ
Ǻհѵ˵ҲѾԤ⵽һ𣿿˵СȻǿһεĴѣԾʵӦҲȫʢʱڣڵһֵĽ֮Ѿ׵ˡ
һص˵
ߡ¶һ֮󣬻иĽڳ֣
èɫƵĿһˣǵﱬâԭӵŨһ̰âޱȵİռζϢ
Ҷϵ౦ѾǵעͼʣǿҵҪռϵһС
ľ˫ǿɲֱ֮ĶޱȣһǵõĻԵĿӵϵĺô棬ս֮У»һ㡣
ǿؼϵľѧЩҪģڵҶȻѾǾˣȴҶӦǡ
ڵҶѾԼΪʱˣһʱĻһжǵġ
Ҷĺػָԭǿǣһ˿⣬ȻȺһﵽ˳ǧȴҲҶ쿴֮˿ûص̰֮ɫ
ǿҵ̰֮ɫʵ̫ˡ
༶½۷壡
ҶתޱȾϲĺ
༶½۷壬ͻԭ½ףֱӲ뵽۷ľ֮С
΢΢תȻﵽ˶ٰʮεĵزȻĽʮƣ߰ٱļӳ֣˵ľ˵ֱѾǺޱȵĵزˣһҶԸĻʱĴһǺӡ
뵽һľ磬ϵ֮Ϊϵ֮ԪʱſӵУǿĺܣ
Ҷȴ뵽Ϊʱ̡
ϻھϣˣ
ڵǿ󣬲༶ֻн뵽Ϊ֮󣬲ſĸоǿ̬ҵЩؼѧʱʩչ۷ľ磬һһʽſԷӳ
ҶаԵľϲ
Ȼ֮䣬һµĳ绮񷡣
ϵ˸һǿӰ
Сӡڲ̫ð
һϸŹЦ˵
ϸ˿䣬ϵֹϢȴһ޴Ĺľһ㣬ϵȴ޵ͨݣ˫ǿᡣ
ģҺõĺݣ
Ҷ쵭ЦҲһĨ⣬϶ôˣһ˫Ŀ֮ڸǵȺͿֲ̰âȴκεһ˶С
ߡҿδذɣϵѪ˼£ҾڵĴȫ
һӺЦ
һһǿߣԷϲƬɲϢʱļţҲһ༶н׵ǿߡ
ǿĴʵļ£ǶԷվͷ·һĳһ㡣
𣿵ҾڵĴ൱İȫ
ҶЦſŶԷ
Ůûѡ֣ȻҶϵĶ൱ջǶһĴڣŮʵȴһֿɲļɵ
ҶȻȥĺܣȴź֣ҶлһȺǿ£вŲ༶Ͻ׵ǿߣЩǿԼȻԵֿǻ൱ļɵԷҶνҲûȤ
۴ˣǳȥնɱǣ
һǿѾԽԽĳˣǵ֮еǿǷ˷ŭĺ
Ҫ
ҶЦ˵
һȺѾɱεļһǲ֪
ԼޱȣᣬʵΪԼѾһ
СӡϵĶɣڵʵ˵ûʸͱȥػţֻҪ㽫佻һȣ
һ˿˿Ȼĳ֣ӿһ㣬ɫ͵ı
ֻһʮӵһл˹


2015 һսҷ
һ༶Ͻ׵ǿߣͷźڰϢͬһںڰеĹħһ㣬˫Ŀ֮мĺڰâ㹻Ϊ֮ļ£
Ҷ˫Ŀ΢΢ԷĳҶһĽ䱸
༶ϽףȻԵĸҲӦ϶ϵǶ㹻նɱǣȴҶҪЧ
Ļûг֣ǶԷȴڽԼֻҪԼԵ¶һԷԻͬһ㣬ɱ
ĵʵ϶ϵëҲδܹɱˣΪ˵İȫҶʱĲȥǡ
֮УϢһͷųԻ˵ע⣬ڵĴڻʱһʱ䣬ŮʵҲǽǵһȺڰѡ
һУҪСΪ
㣿ʲô
һ̰֮ռݵǿ̲סĴԷҲһ༶ǿȻֻ½׵۷壬ϵǿϢȴҲС
䡱һֻȻĻӶӵƷ·Ǵʱһ㣬ľй˳һѽһǿֱӺɱС
顭
Ѫ裬һ༶ǿߣȻΪģѪ⣬Ҳٵǿ߸޷ӵγֵġ
Ǻڰϵĺڰ֮СһﾹȻţ
ͻȻ˷ĺϴ޷ŵɫӡ
ڰ
Ҷ΢΢һû뵽һҲѾˡ
ڰҲһϹˣԷڵʱبţޱȣŶԷһڰȨȽϿֲľħ֮󣬲ӵǣĻһΪɲ⣬ԷԸбѪޱȣһݽɫ
ߡû뵽Ȼ֪֣
ڰųһ˿ЦȴҶ죬ضŶԷʱ˸˿˿ΣյϢ
ǶԷڳԼʩѹ
ҶûԷǿֻĿŶԷ˿ûһǿᣬڳܿƺǶںڰ˿Ĳӡ
Сӡӱ𣿡
Ҷ쵭˵ô˵ɣεȵķ
ڰɫȻı仯޲õһƵİҶȴȥ㷽ʽʩչĻҶϵһδػȫĵõҪĿɲֻľǸоҶһǿĺڰϢϢ޷ȥ
ôĵӣ㾹ȻҶԱ˵ˣǵһ
Ҷ˫Ŀâתɺ˸Ȼȴͬһɽһ㣬ޱ󣬿񱩷Ƿ
ߣǾ֮٣ҶԵֿһССĺڰҲҹ
Ȼһͬһΰ̫ɽһ㣬񱩵ϢȾ۷壬޷ݵĿֲ֮һ̱˼¡
Ⱦ۷塣
㣡
ڰɫȻһ䣬ǰҶ·һԽĴɽһ㣬оҶڷ·Ǵһ˲õĴڣ㹻Լ޷ȥȥ
ҿζˣڵȻǿᣬȴǱĶ֣Ǿ֮Ȼǿ󣬵ȴҲֻһżȻѣ㲻ʲôھȻͼͱа壬ոնȹ˽Ҳͼɣ
õһǿ߾Ȼ˵ӣʵڰޱȵķŭһŭ֮ƿʼӶһ˲ʱ̣һɺ嫵ܿʼ˳
¡¡
ڰˣҾԵû飬һֻڰ֮Ǻڰ֮еһһ㣬ȻһħѾһƬء
ŶԷĳ֣Ҷƺû˿⣬˫Ŀ΢΢ֻǵɺ˸ţ·ڶԷû˿ķһ㡣
ۿǺڰצҪҶ쳹׵ˣҲ̲סһҪѡ֣ŷǾȻĲҶǺڰУΪԼС
ҪһܾȥܹԼΪ֮ƽ
䡭
һȭͷŵĳ֮ȻĻ˳
һȭƵûж˿һ㣬ȭͷŰɫɭȻ׹ǣѪۣ˿Ŀɲ̬ľǾһȭȥȫ߱ɱһȭȴ˲ͶԷĺڰצײһ
顱
ȭͷͬһϵɽһ㣬Ȼת˲֮佫ǿɲצѡ
ڰ֮ŷѸٵıɢȥһȭûͣЪڰ㵵֮Уĺɱ
ۡ
ڰѪ磬һɴ˲ʱ̣صĺɱ˶ԷǰɲȻĲȫһȭ֮£޷Ƶĵ˳ȥ
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һĨƵɺ죬һӺȻĳ˺ڰС
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ԭϸˣʱҲһĶ£ΪʱҶѾԼĿϡ
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漴һӰʼ֣
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ҲģҵĿռԼСϵһУӦñõҪնɱõһУҲܹиͻơ
뵽֮ĵһѸٵĳҶ˹
͡
â˸ҶһЦһˣĻԼҪˡ
ĵֻǸоһ⣬һ̣ĶȻһ٣ǵصĺɫʼ仯
һƶ
һ˿Ҷ
һ˫εȵ񣬴ɺ죬ſɲŸ߰޷ľâҪ˳׵ıסһ㣡
ҵ塭ҵұҪǿ󣡡
ɺ죬һ޷ڸǵĿ־徹ȻɳܵĳУȫǲܵ飬ȴϡ
ģֵʱ򣬲һսڣһսҷ񣡣
˲񷣬Ǿ仰ǸˣǵĵȴһĶ£֪Ϊʲôǰȴ·һϵĴڣһɽһ㣬ԼȻ޷Խһ˿һ
һսҷ񣡣
仰һ㣬Ķ쳹˳һ̣ǿ־֮£ĵȴȻһ
Ȼˡ


2016 ˱ܣݣ
ʲôսˣֱ̫˵ɣ
ǵһ֮֮ϵʳɾ˽ͨھȻˣÿֲҶ찡СھԵѾǴˣ½֮нһء
һսҷ񣡺İһ˲ˣһΣٴεѯʣƾ֮Ȼٴε˵ģֱһеǿ޲žɫ֮еӰ棬ȴûκεһ˵ʱˡ
һڰҶǰޣ˭˵ٴεĳ֡
䡭
һ޴ĺƾճ֣޾ĺˮʼӶ˺ӿҶٵİΧ˹ȥ
ǸһֱվԶĺǿߣƬ˸˵ˮ֮Ȼ۵˼£漴ɢһﾹȻʱѡ˳֡
ʲô𣿡
һֱǷ˰ɣʱ֣ǵĶʼεܹ˵ĵǿ֮ɫһʧĿһǿߡ
ߣҶ죬סˣǶȻĲҵģڵΪʱ̣ǾȻĲŹõʱģȥɣ
ǿߵʥ˸Ȼһˮ֮ıԴһɫĹâӿֳ漴ȻΪһ޴Ӱ
ӰƣһɹĵϢȻһһε𶯾Ȼﵽ˲༶Ͻ׵Ϊ
һӡ
ҶһԭҪʹ뿪ǿڿһеĳ֮ȻһľϲҶǿߣͼܹȡһ˿ĺô
һӡĳ֣ʵľסҶ죬ΪһӰһϢӰ
ƾҶڵʵȻ㲻Ͼʮظ޶֣ȴҲԶĴڡ
һӰ޴ƥϵ֮ӿһϹԷļɫģɫģ޲һâ˸ƬÿһƬϵĿֲ
һ˫âֲǷ߳˫֮޲ݻΪ˱̬ǿı֮Ϊ֮ļµ˼£˵ĿֲͿ£ҲòٵǿΪ֮ȴѡ
ֲ֮ڣĺܺãҰӡʩչϣ
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𺣻ʣôܣ˵ʮǰѾڳʱôĴѵ˵ɹˣһǿ߷˾Ľ
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ǿĲ𺣻һĲȻһɺ嫵ʼñ

һɫĺۼ͵Ĵⲻ𺣻ʵϼγһƥһʵУϵ
Χ۳Ϊ˿˿ʥۣݻͬһϵĺһ㣬ɱ
ĿֲͷųΧĿռ

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޴ֲײ֣ҶѪޱǿᣬҶ־ǿ֮ʱҶﵽ˲༶½۷ľ磬һȶ㹻ȶǲ༶Ͻǿߡ
ٴεŮԼǿҲʸԽԷ
ڻУҶڵĺܣ޷ó̫ȴͶԷȴһս֮
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ߡ
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֮УҶڵѪɫɷףղŵǿеĴ߶չֵ˼֮ܵ˲СĴˡ
۴ˣΪʲôǵ
ħһķŭ֮ɫ
ǣù⣬ҵڻûдﵽһǿĳ̶ϣһ˶ϵĻƱػСĶ˵ԲǺ¡
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ϵϢһ˥䣬Ҷɫ΢΢һ䣬س˵Ҫָһʱ䣬Щˣǳֹˣһָ˵ģ


2017 Զ
Ҷ״̬ܲã൱Ĳ
༶һصľ硣
࣬ΪǿĴ֮һﵽ㾳֮Ѿˡ
գ
˵̬ȻҲ䱾ϵȱݣǾС
ﶼԣڴﵽ˲༶ľ֮󣬻һʱ֮еǿֲһЩﵽ˲༶ǿߣܶ඼ʱնɱġ
Ϊ̫ˣСһǿǱԼͼ˺ܶǿ߶޷ȥսʤ
ҲＫطĵҪɾϵĴڣؽķ귽ɡ
Ҷʵ൱ǿģƾǿѪûкһĲ༶ǿȴҲǿ̫ʱ䣬κǿ߶Կһδεս
ڰǲ𺣻ʣϿֲĴڣߵʵεȵĿֲȻҶ콫ˣȴҲ
˫Ŀպϵ˲һľʹѾ緭һʹ˳
־ʹԼĽ֮дݳģоɲʹ֮Ҷ̲סһЦѡ
һεʵޱذ
ҿ֮Դ֮ΪٵĽЩ֮еʼսʤȥ漴ĿٵĽ뵽ڡ
һϹŲϢҶȻȾ˳ϵһĿʼչҶʼ
չ֣ǶٰʮƵĲ
ϸϸͬǵһ㣬СҶţϵ˸˿˿һĹ⻪
֮ʼϵ̲ž֮еϵĲɿĿʼۼ
ǲ༶ǿһﾹȻԿǲ༶Ͻ׵ǿˣȻԽԽˡҹʮЦ˵
ǰȷʵǲСıӻ֮£ƺǵòɳ˵սħһ˵Ļ֮д˿˿κ;ᡣ
׼뿪һʱ䡭
սħ֮кǼᶨ
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ŮȥڨöȥᣬرҪ뷽跨Ū֡
ԸļƷǵߣսħ󵽣˵ĻԼҲˡ
һӵ̬ƷʱһǴ򲻹һƷĺҪߣ
ǿʵǸүо϶кġ
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ҶžԵڴΡ
ǾͼͰɡˡսħҹʮ׷׵ѡ˸ǣ˳ۻʧ˵֮УʱĵѾʧȥ˶ǵƣȻĿ뿪ߵ뿪Ҷǲ֪ģڵֻڲϵĴԼ
һͬڻĻƽһ͵ĳţϵ˸֮⣬һεջʵ̫ˡ
Ҷ񲻶ϵݻԼȭٴεĳɳ
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һգ״ʧɫ֮ӳһܵϢ·Ҫ׵ķյһ㡣
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͡
˫Ŀ񽣣ӣ
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۴ڴﵽ༶ľ֮ȴһǿ֣߳ǿߣǺڰ
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˿˿⻪˸˳һ̣һ㣬һĿһϵɱ⣬ŶķŭŶںǿǵɱ⣡
ǼʮյʱȻĹȥˣһգҶ˫ĿȻٴˡ
䡱
ŭ𣬸ƺŭ⾭֮з֮һ˫Ŀԭӵķ·ûѪĿһ㣬ʱĶҪһ
ϢȻĳ֣һ̣ΧĿռ֮гһһһƬƬĺ֮
ٴαĿ
ʮ֮֮漴
˺ѲĽ֮Ҳ֮ĸں桭
µʱҴҶҶƺǿʼȴˣҶȴǾ֮ٵĳֱһϵǿע⵽ˡ
بźĴ٣ź֮㴫˵Ĵˡ
ҶĲҲǿǿʼԵ˼˵ҶѾˣΪ̫ܵص֮󣬸޷ͻָھʹ֮ˡ
Ҳ˵Ҷڰţָţսµĳ֣Щ֮һһı
˵ҶʵǴĳԱѾԲΪһϵǿߡ
Ĵ˵Խ˵ԽףΨһҶֵ˲֪صļһǶôĿֲ졣
վһգ
֮У״һâ£Ϊ񽣣ϵĴڣĹת
ϢݼţǱע⵽ȴ޴Ѱҡ
֮УҶ˫ĿȻһɺ嫵Ϣʼɳ˫ĿϾһ㣬ͷųޱߵܣž֮ﲻͷһ㡣
ݼۣ
ǵ֮еĺħǿħĹϴ˷ܵɫĺ
˫ĿϣҶϵϢ·Ѿͨĺһһ˿⣬ؿ˵óʱˣҲѾȴĲͷˡЩǵˣʱˣ
𣡷ҵţԶ


2018 ڰ֮
ڰ֮أ
Ϊڰ֮һսСԼʮڹķΧѣʱ䶼ڰ֮ţ·һ̰ĺڰһ㣬ĿΧһУϵŻѰ٣ͼҵõĻһ㡣
궼ǺڰϢ֮УļµĺܣҲһԪ֮еĽأ˻ѡ롣
ţصǿߣ޲Ǻڰǿÿһٶڲ༶½۷ľ֮С
ΪһƬڰ֮صǿԭһԪ򻹴飬ǵȴһﵨҼĿĴԪ򶼳Ϊ˺ڰ֮صķΧΪǵƿأ
ڰ֮ذ˵ĵ㣬ȴһָϢļ°
һǿɳ˵Ӱ˸ڰ֣֮Ӱһ㣬ǿϵ˫Ŀ֮мǿâȴ˵˶Էһʵ壡
ǰյĺڰ֮ػֲȴû뵽һȻĴԪƿǻ뿪ɡ
һ࣬ͬӰ˸Ĳڳ֣Ҳһǿߡ
ǿߵʵڲ༶½׵ľ֮Уǲ׵ǿˣѾĵط˵ǲǿˡ
ǲİû뵽ب֮ٴεĻع鵽һƬȴѾûһȥ׷ˣ
֣̾һĨͲʡ
߰ɡ
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䡱
𶯣һѶӾֱһ㣬ޱߵĿķƶبŵǿͿɲ
ʲô
ÿµϢһֹϵϢѵ˵һ
ߵĺ֮дȵϢ漴Ĵճԭȥ
һӰٶȲ첻ȴַ·һ꣬һǿҵĲ
ȻǺڰ֮ڵһβ̵ľ룬ȴҲѾ˲˵עˡ
ʲôֲϢεȵ£ҵѪҪʼӿ
˸ߵ̬Ѿ˲ǿߵע⣬һ۷ǿߴĺ
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һ༶½ǿȻŭһһ㣬һֻ޵ӳȻ·һƬһ㣬ֱϹĿʼɱŷĿɲȻĿʼƷ˳ȥ
һǿ߾Ȼȳ֣һԪǿ޲ԵĽһκΣԷһҪȴҲûˣֻܹضŶԷ
һǿߣ˺˲񷣬̤㣬ȻֻһӡǣȴѾʮ֮ĵط
һϢֱ֮УָӲȻһ㣬Ӿһȥ
ȻһҲǴ֪һһϵĻԼȻĲܹǿݣһץУǾԼģ̵ѡ뿪ԺȥѰ١
䣡
һɲ֣һӰĴڣȻһȻƺǸоһֻƵĳ֡
Ȼ֮ͨǹϵر𣿡
ǿȳֵļһϸ¶һĨͷľϲ֮ɫ

һͻأĳˡ
ֵĺǹ죬Ӧ˵죬κεһ˶ûа취ѰٵԷʲôʱֵġ
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һɺ嫵ܳ˳漴ӱȻΪһƥٴεһ㣬صĳ鵽֮˵ֱۡ

ĲҽȻĳ˶Է
һֱۣѸٵɢˣǶԷֱȴѾһĹѵˣеİ׹ɭȻɼǿԿĹơ
ǡ
˾˵ֶΣʱеǿ޲һǸûа취ղŵεġ
ֻǿǾӰʥ⻪ȻķΪһһ㣬һǿߵֱ۴ķˡ
֮Уһرһǿߣǿ߷Ӧ˹ֻ΢΢ĳ֣һ༶½׵ǿ߾ͱֱֶۣξԲǲ༶½۷ǿ߿ԱģҲǲ༶н׵ǿߡ
༶н׵ǿߣ֮ҲǾǿˣ˭Ҳû뵽ﾹȻһλɵðԸ̾Ƕϱǿߵʵıߡ
ңˣ
ԼѵֱۣǿȻķһ
䡭
һȭӡ֣һӰ˸еǿ޲һԼ඼׵һ㡣
꣡
ۡ
һǿߵǰһֻȭӡصĻˣ漴﷢һĲҽ֮󣬱ǴڵѪ
һ̣ѾֱӵıѪɢʧΪ֡
ֻһȭѣȻϵһ༶ǿߣȻֻ½׵Ĳ༶ǿߣȴҲԵĲСɫˡ
ڵȴ޲ڿһӰ
ѩƮɺ˸֮䣬һʥϤ׺εȵĵȻƵ̬ô뵽һµ֡
Ҷ죡
ǵģҶ죡
˲Ҷ컹˭
⾹ȻҶ죿ûʵӵǿ
ǿ̲סĶԼ壬Ľ
ǰһȭɱһ༶ǿߣʵѾˡҶ죿˭𣿡һ̲סʵ
㾹ȻҶ춼֪һ˲õǿ֮߰ǣҺŮս֮ң⣬νһξѻѵλϷŮʵΰﲻɣһ˷ޱȵĽ
ǵģǵĶսʤˣҵһ֮ľٰ֮ǿĶȥǵĴڰ
УʲôвǣǵֱӵӶˣǲȥǣûȥǵҶ찡̫ǿˣȻ鴫Ǵȥʲôط˷˼ϵ˼ţȻ˽⡣
ƺǺڰеĿռ֮ذѵ˵
սҪսˣǿͻȻ緢´½һĺ
Ҷû뵽Լڵ־Ȼô֪ˡ
һǿߣȻԼݶҪȫ˽ˣȻԼŮԼĵ˵սѾ˲˵עˡ
һȥǺڰ֮أ
ͻȻ
ȻҶӨӨĹԣһƬǳ֮һ㣬Ȼڰ֮ڵĴԪ֮С
ȭͷ˿ûͣٵľ׼Ǻڰ֮أ
Ҫʲô
ǿ޲ޱȵĿҶĶһĴԪ֮еǿߺϹҲԼ˫Ŀעϵ߿

תȻĿʼ֣ȭӶȥ
䡭
һ޴ȭӡɣ޵漴ݻΪһֲ̫ɽһ㣬ݺݵسǺڰ֮شȥ


2019 һڰ
һȭ
һȭΧǳڲϵʼıɵĿ
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ϵȭӡʩչΪɲ־
ͬѹһ㣬ȻĻڰ֮ء
漴ľҵʼڰ֮֮Уԭû˿Ϣ̬һ˲䣬һ翪ʼɣ·һ˯֮еħһȻԼħۡ
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Ҷһȭͷ裬һȭȭչ֣һȫĻ

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һץٴεĻһצһ㣬һƬ޵Ŀռһѷ
һĲҽ֣һӰƬռ֮УֻһӰѷֱѳΪƬ걻ѣ޷ȥ
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ѪʳɺӣĲҽʼϵĳ֡
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Ҷɱ⶯죬һȺڰ飬ǵĺڰģĵɱ¾
˲ҲˣҶ׼򣬵ǱԼԼʵǿԼѰĲ༶ǿ߶ɽ֮ҪǿһЩĽԼˡ
ԣڰ֮رϵڰ


2020 ջ
СУʿɶֹҪ̫ˣ
һϵ˳ȻǵȻȴһ·Ϣӿըڶ߼ΧһЩֵǿûѪĿʼѪ
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һɵǿߣǺڰҪǿ󣬻Ҫֲ
ȴ޷뵽༶Ͻ۷Ĳ𾳽硣
ֻҪǲҶȥϮɱԷ
ʵĲ뵽һ޵еľ磬νɱ񣬼ħɱħ
˭Ҳ޷ֿĲ֣ȻĲǿΪֿĳ֡
ߣǣΪնɱң֣ǸʱޱȣҲ˵ôĴһָ˹ʲôʸа壡Ҷ֮дһɿɲŭ⣬˿ڶԷϣ˲Ļһ㣬£صնΪϵУĽһ༶ǿնϳΪء
УֱǷаľˣһһ޲ʼߡ
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Ҷ졭㲻ҪôߣǵʧѾСˣһУ಻⽫ѹ
֮дһɺ嫵ܣһ㣬һһ޲һǿļᶨ·ǿԽҶնһ㡣
һ˭ôĿڰ֮ػ˰Ե𣿵ǴϢƺǱǺڰҪֲǰ⵽ʲôѵ˵ǺϹͻȻĽгһ˵֡
ϹⲻܵģѾ׵ˣ޷ȥͼУɽٶǲϾ磬ɳΪһ𣬵ȴѳ׵ĺɱΪңȫܼȥġ
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Ѹٵƿ˷Ȼĳ֣˲ʱ̱ѾһеˣͣǰһʥĴڣȻɺڰȻޱȵа죬ȴһʥ

һ
ѹֺڰ֮ص˲Ը뿪
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ҶָʥĹ⻪漴Ե۵ٻ
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һڰ֮ء׵ˡ
Ҷ˫Ŀȴ˸ľˣ˫Ŀ˿˿âһ˹ȥ


2021 й
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ϵĴڣϾ֮Ϊɲһ֮һиƣŲ༶ǿߴš
ҸӿɲǣſɲϹһʱ˭Ҳȥػ
ţһ༶н۷ǿֹΪػһǿնɱһ˵ѪֱӶ˸
ȴû뵽ǣһâչֳ˲佫һǿߴ׵䣬ϢĻᶼûС
Դ֮ػǿҲͳΪһ˵˲ȥ׵Ķֺ
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ǿҵϢУеǿ޲ɴԼ˫ĿҶ죬·Ҫһ㣬ڵҶȴû˿ıֻ֣Ǿؿǲػ
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˵⺣֮˵ǿ󣬾һƬҲĪԭġ
ػѾˣǿҪȴ޲ˣһΣҶѵ˵ҲҪ￪ɣ
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ڰ֮أǺڰѹȴû뵽ǱҶˣҲ³ģǺڰ֮رػҪһЩģػǿ߿ǲٵģһ֮ѵ˵ҪҪﲻɣ
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ںǿߣҶû˿ǵԼʵ˶ԷԼһնɱǾڣµùĻԼġ
ʱȻĲܹ˿ģһȺһҪʲôĵġ
СҪҶЦһȻĿʼ֣漴һȭɱȻػһ㣬渡ֳһƣǹϵĴػһ͡
Ҷȭͷǰȴû˿ĵֽֿһ㣬Ȼ⻪貣ȴ˲ıҶȭͷˣֱӵ³⺣ĵ£亣֮µĺĻɱΪ⡣
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˸âҶ˫Ŀ·ħһ㣬뵽˲𺣻ʵ֮УһȭӶȥȻĴݺݵǶ˲𺣻ʵϣһȭʮƶȻ
ۡ
һڲѪ𺣻ʵɫ䣬Ȼû뵽ҶʵȻﵽһ졣
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ŷĿ磬Ȼı漴Ŀʼ񳱣·ǼǳĹݺݵؾһš
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𺣻ȫû뵽ҶȻ仯ôѸ٣Ϻݺݵذһš
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Ӱ˸񶯵ȭ޲˸Ŀ
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Ҷ֣ǲ𺣻Ѫ
׵գҶЦֹ
ѭ㵱ҳ֣͸뵽˽յľ棡

˵䣬һֻһȻǼ򵥣ֻǷԲʮ֮УһеȻѸٵľۼһ͵ľ߶Ƭ֮䣬Ѿǲ𺣻ȥ
ռ
޽ɱ

գŲ𺣻гϢ


2022 
ǰʱŻϧԼ
仰ǲ𺣻ʵʦ𽻸ģĲ𺣻ʲ仰壬ȴˡ
ǿƣޱߵɱ⣬ռ𵴣ңǿ֮£һгΪޣֱһޱļµϢ
˵ڲҶĳ֣ⲻ𺣻Ѿ׵ķ˵ֿ
޷ֿûа취ɵһ˿һʱֻڸоԼϵһж޷ȥƿء
ռǿռǿᵽ˼µĲ޷Ĳֵһ޲оԼǰ˳
ˢ
һʹֳ֮˲ΧһѾȫĳΪģ״̬𺣻ʺųƲǽϵˮ֮ؼԽԼϵ֮ѸٵĲڣȴûǿΪһˡ
޾ı䣬ģһлĺڰ֮꣬𺣻ڵˣ
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΢Ҷ˲ʱѾⲻ𺣻ʵļȥ뵽Լ֮Уɫӵı
һļ֮УǺǿν˷ָĺܣСɱ¾ˣȥĴԪȥԣЩ鶼˷ָҶȻĲѡǾʹ˼ȥġ
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ҲЩֹǿǰԵķ˲٣һǱסˡ

һƬϵľ֮УռݵһԪ
ޱ󣬵Ƿâ˸Ĺ⻪޾Ԫνһ츣ذǿط
ԴƽٳֳϵĴѣĩհĿֲͽ䣬Ľѣ֡
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ŻҲĿ֮أҪ뵽ǿߣҪһŻ
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Ҳ÷ǼһŻ˶Ϊ֮ľѡ
ţһŻһϵǿģһǿߵʵ죬תͨöϵֵС
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һһЩһĺӲŻ㾳磬ǳ֮ˣ󲿷ֵĶڴľ磡
һôĿֲĴԪٲȻĴԪ֮У޲ǿߣ޲Ǹ֡
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Ҫŵ˲䣬Ҳ漴ٵĶ£һӰ˴ŵǰ
ѩɫĳƮɺ˫˸˿˿ʥ⻪ǺܿʥϢͿɲĲٵ뵽Լ֮С
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2023 ôɰ
ԪΪҶ뵽˲ѾҶڣƺƵעУҶž졣
һɺ嫵Ѿʼ˳ǿı仯Ҷɫ΢΢һ䣬漴ĻûеȵܿʼתΪǿĲΣҶȻһ漴ĽԼϵѹƵ˼£
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Ҷ΢΢һȻ뵽һ⣬ڽ뵽֮һЩı䣬ıأĹע޵ڣһעĳ̶ĳ
Ҷһν뵽Ѿˣȴû뵽ǣΪԼһεҲ˲˵ע⡣

µ߲Ȼһûеȵ˷ӦҶѾ̤ٵĳԶˡ
һ˭Ԫǰ̶ȣѾǺܶûмˣһĿɲǿ߰ˣû뵽Ȼ˵ۿҶϸıЩˣ޲¶˾㵵Ҷʧĵط
̬·Ǽһ㡣

³һҶϢϵ֣ΧԪ̫ۺˣҶ֮ǶҪۺɰǧ˵طĻ㲻˲سɷʥȴҲԼٶһ˼ĳ̶ϣҲҶվˣˣΪʲôÿһ˵ǿˡ
ֲĻ֮£ҪȥǿҲܵ顣
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һ֮ҶһĶ£⵹Ǻ£ʹо˿ӵⲻ༶н׵ǿߣô洦ɼ
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ˣèүˡǷ˵ѪķѪҪңҪңèүҪһȺ쵰
Ű˲ͼĺèǻ֮һ㣬ŭ
ȴԭֳֳ΢ֱӵľǶһԴһػȻһ
Сӡİɣ
һ˸߰Ϣ֣֮УŵĲΪ֮ļ£·Ǳħ޸һ㡣
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ʵҶЩԷʵⲻ༶н׵ġ
ԷģΪĿΣȻ߰һЩȴûа̬Ȼֻһĸӵܡ
ü֮Уһ˸ƺһӡǣҶһ纣Ϣһöɰģȴ˸ɫâ
ϸϸĿȥֱֻǿˣǿĲ˰̬ǷڵĻҶҿ϶ͷʿ϶ߵˡ
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ŶԷҶ쵭˵
ǰģļһҶ˿Ĳ⣬ҪҲĻҶ첻ûẦ¶Է
Ųǲ༶н׵ǿ߶ѣ༶ϽҶ춼նɱ˼λˣССнס
֪𣿡Էٴεĳ֣Ȼ꿡ĺܣȴһŮ˰ᣬ֮Ҷ̲סһ¡
أʲôأҶһĺ棬νĹػǲ
Ҷ˽Ĳ࣬ߵûģȻش֪
ҮҾ֪Сӿ϶֪
ǿ̲סļȭͷӶȻΪ˷ܣĶҲĸػĴһͷʹģ
ȻһΪΪΡ
ˣ뵽֮Уͱȥɿѵ˵㲻֪𣿡
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⡭˸ûа취㣬ģͼؼ޷һµģһֵᷢġ
Ǵٴε̲סѵ
УϼһֻȥѰҵһöˮ¾ѣֻҪѰҵˣңǳɹˡ
Ȼ˵֮кȻһѾƻ˺ܾˡ
ƺûĹذɣҶЦſһΪ֪һҶԷϾԷڻûʸȥƵҶ졣
ߣСӣ˵УУסˣȥɿʱѰҵһոտһʱˮ¾Ȼ󽻸ңúãһܴĺôģòõĻ֮Уؼ㹻ܲҵġСֻвӺô໥Ĳжѡ
вҶһ㶼ȥ⣬ҪܾʱͻȻһѵС֪ĻǾ͸鷳ˣҲ֪ģڴСڿģ
ʲôҲȥôܣǸŮôȥ˵Ѳļһսһ֮󣬲֪ʲô飬Ǻһӵ˿֮ˣеһһħԳʵףһλЩأСƺǶһ⡭
Ҷ˫Ŀ΢΢һаԵĿЦ
һħԳôɰɣ
ƺڿʼ
ȻԼǸνļӵĺԼĴ㡣
ħԳѵëˣûУ˵ƺǶһΪĸȤҲʱҧгݣ޲õĽԷ׵ÿȥҲȥѰǸһÿζԷһٺݺݵؽѵ
һһΪʲôǵôôŭ΢΢һ
ǾͲ֪ˡ
ĸҡҡͷ
УԵĲУ˵ȥڿĻǼĻ쵰ǿµЦҵģҲȥԵĲȥ
ƺǾһ֮Ȼҡͷе
ڿƺǿԿһ¡һͻȻĴ˳


2024 ҹʮ
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һҵӵ´ݳ·һ㣬ϲʱĳֵѺۡ
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ʱ˷һϲĽѾһöɫľʯ⾧ʯĵͬ۾һ㣬ȥûжٵɫʰ쵿ԣǺĵģȴһϢ˸
ڵľʯ֮󣬲ϵͶĽɫ̬޲õˮһ㡣
ûУǲɿˡǼһɿˣľʯܶ࣬Ʒʲͣ˵ܹɵҫʯҸĺô϶ٲ˵ġҶڳ񣬶ߴһڴ׿ȥֻһĿҶǰ
أû˸߹㣬ĺŮˣıŮҪȻļһҶε̾Ϣһ
أҲ֣֪һ˭ģǵҲ൱һӣľ㹻һ޵ġ
ȥɡСүⳤҪô˾жôˣп㶮㣿
εĿһ̲סĺ
أҶĸо㻵ԷȻˣҲûжٵӵܵʣٲȥڼȥ۸ͨˣһҲҶ߿˶Էһѡ
סˣֻҪǵõˮ¾֮󣬾̵ĽңҶѾ׼ˣֻҪǰﵽңԺԺˡ
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УүеģһһĪϢϢүⱲҲֻڰ˸ϼ
Ǿ仰˵ĺ΢һ˫Ŀ֮У˸Ĺ⻪ڿҶ뿪ıӰ
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￪ɵҫʯ޷ʹãΪ˵ô˵ҪϽɣÿγʮöͿԴؼȡʥҩʥҩЩ˵žԵ档
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ⲻʥҩȤʵ;磬ҪȥҩûжٵôãҪҲҪﵽһ޷ԤĿֲϵġ
ҫʯҶ쵹еȤ
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Ƿ֧ؼҵӣҶ˳ŶԷָɫɽٵһɽȥ
ܲˣŮˣôͲȥѡ˰
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߳ҶĹ뿪˵ڰʱѣҶȴԸоĳߵʵ˳Ľ
սħϵëʱѾŽâһ㣬Ȼ⡶زǧ塷ѾһոµĲ֮УһԽɫ˫˸ϣ֮ⲻʱĻ˿˿ǿᲨ
ҹʮ죬˵ĳѾɫ۾â˸ڵϢϵڷӿʵľ
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ҶЦĿߣǶҹʮŲ֮ɫЦ
ˣҹʮǽһƵ̾Ϣ
ôˣ˵ǽһˣҶ֪ʵ
һˣ
ҹʮʧĽеܵίһ㣬߰ĺܣǶҶ仰ҹͬ
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սħĿҶ죬ϾԷ뵽⵹ǲ֣ҶȻĲȥΪǲʥҩΪڿġ
ⲻΪõ˵ϢѡڿǶʮ죬Сӣô°
á
ҹʮε̾Ϣһ
ԭǹѪ̸ӵơ
ߵȥһԪȥ˴Լʮյʱ֮ΪԪǿ󣬶ҳ޺ħޣʺ
߾ﳤס
Ϊ˴߾Ľ֣ս֮УȻǲҪģһҹʮֱӱ˳ȥ⶷սħǿֲ
ȴû뵽ǣһֱӽҹʮ뵽һƬ֮С
ӿӵˣ⺮֮лһˣһһŮˣ


2025 Ů
Ҳ˵һŮϴ裿ҶϴŹŹֵɫҹʮ졣
ʵЩ˵㡣
࡭
ҹʮεԴޱȵĽе
ԺأұȽϺԺ飡
ҶŲЦ־ʵĺģһҹʮ͸ӵѵˣϾͬһԪĿĺСǿҹʮԱģҶˬ졣
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ҹʮ˫Ŀ͵һҶ죬𽥵¶˸Ƶı顣
Ůϴ裬ʮ죬ʹ˰ɣǸ椵ĲãҲޱȣ
Ҷ̲סıЦ
ǸС椵ĺǻΪ˺ؾɣ˵׷ǴԼʮԪÿһζŰĲӡ
սħޱȵĽе
ǵʵҲὫŰ
⶷սħҹʮڵΪ˵˫˫Ľ뵽˴ľ֮ˣȻʱ֮УߵľңջǲСġ
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ҹʮ˵ĸĺܣȻƽû˵ܹ뿪ҹս壬Լһȥ뷨㹻Ŀĳҹʮһ߰ļһ߰ҲʹҹʮȥܱԼҪǿ
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ǲ̫ʡһŮ˸ץס죬ʵƵ˼£ȴ޿κΡ
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ŮͻȻĿԲ֮˸˷ŭĻ档
ˣҶŴ󣬶һĶսħеĿⶼ˵ϣȻҲû˽ġ
Եľˣҹʮƺ«Ȼ
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һᰡ챻ӵ˺֮У޷ƣ˵Żһģ䲻Ǻ֮гһŮˣҵȻˣԾҪȻ⶯֮лᴥ壬ҷģʲôûпڵһʱ̾ͱ˫۵ġ
ҹʮ춼Ҫˣ̫ˣΪʲôҪĶսħ𰡣ʲôط򲻺ðΪʲôǵðԼɽ뵽а
Ҳ˵˴Ĩˣ
ŮϱһʱҪһ㡣
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ߡܺð߻ûܹܾˣˣﻹ˦ǣû뵽￴ϵ˾ȻܾΪ׻屻㿴˸飬ĸˬǱˣһ֮⣬Ķˣڻ㲻ͬ⣿ŶûУǴӮңĻȢҲȢȢȢ

ҶͶսħһĽ֮ɫΪߵؼҴС㣬ʵǹ
һ˵ҲǰˣǶԷһŮ̬ԵĲܹó˵۹Դ
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ոյ£ҹʮֱӱݺݵײ˳ȥͬʱߵĽҲ漴棬һǿҵ߾Ȼҹʮѹһɽ档
ĽϵĦҹʮ죬ʮߵȢҪƼңҸѾ֪ˣûзԣ˵ٸ˵һ֣ն࣡
˸۰ôҲУ
Ҷ˫ĿùԲҹʮһ㵵ģʵĸоȤ
ŮҶǿãԷԸֱˬҹʮܺʣҹʮҲǲϲԷĻͿʼˡ
ҹʮ֮Ի˵ķԣеҪԭΪԼߵĶ֣
˵
ϾһԼʵҪǿţҪԵĶܶ࣬Ǳ˵ȳ˵Ժ²ԼԼŮˣŮ˱Լ
Ȼҹʮ緹ȥܺϿɵġ
㡭Ӳˣ
⽩֮УͻȻٴο˵
һ仰˵ҶͶսħϷ״̬ļһ˷ҵ̬֮С
ˢ
ҹʮ䣬ʱһɿͼȥҲ¶˳֮ɫ̫ôĶˣΪһˣһĵŮϲϵĦţֻҪû˻޶Եġ
ˣҹʮ죬ٲӦĻǿ㣬ѡɣ
ߵ֮дźǼᶨ֮оȻŮˣǺĺܣҶԿĳЩֻǸƶѣ߿ϲҹʮ죬Ļȫɱҹʮ죬ҪȥͶԷķôĴࡣ
ҡ㸸׽ġ
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2026 Ҧңƣ
ЦЦɣﻵ˶岻á
ǽͬһֻȸһ뿪ҹʮͷҲûصĶҶͶսħε˵

ЦˣӲˡӲ˰
ҶͶսħ޽ڲٵļһֱӵڵϴ
ļƷŮˣԵĺĺֱܰˬҰԵֱһŮ
ιιιƵ㣬ƵЦҲܹôЦιιιûˡ
ҹʮһĺߣԵĻǺҪҶͶսħһݺݵ߷ɳȥ
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ҶصĴҹʮļϣ˵
ֵܰҪͣսߣԺڴϵʱҲҪ棬򲻹Ҫڴ

ҹʮһڣĺ
ɿ
ҶӦ飬ӦأҪΪɼһˮ¾
ˮ¾Żֵһصֲֵʱ䲻ÿʢֻܹ֮ʱıήٴεֻء
ƾۣ֮Ҷҵһꡣ
ͬʱҶɼҫʯҲУһöҫʯҶ쵹ЩҶ췢ԼȻҲЧֻЧ̫΢ˣ»ҶȥһĶࡣ
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ܹҽ뺷Ů˶㶨ļһǾǺ൱ţơ
⻰һҹʮ֮󣬵ʱһĺɫ
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Сһ̬ӵҹʮǰߡ
һߴŮĻĺܣסһ̫ڵˣʵŮҪͲ٣ⷬһʱ֮˲˵ע⡣
ҹʮӱˡ
Ҷ찵ԵȻһҹʮ컹ǲȥߣҹʮƷԣҶ˽ĺܣرǿļһһƵĻȥһԼʵҪǿŮˣǾԲɱ
˵¿𣿡
أҶ̲סʵ
֪Ǵǿͷһϲһˣ˵ҽͬĻٺ١
ЦĺҲҶͶսħҹʮıһѡ
һ޴Ľռ˵ڲƶ൱Ĳףһ޴ĹΪ֮Ķĺܡ
â˸Ƶ̣֮зһɺ嫵ڱ
ؼҵҶʵ㹻ĲΧֵһɲʥÿһԿѵأ޷졣
ÿµϢΧصĶ༶н۷ǿ߲Ҳ༶Ͻ׵ǿҲСؼңȻһȻҶ찵Եľ
Ȼǿ֮ҪǿĶࡣ
ǹү𡭡
ļһﰡ
СҵˣԺǾͿԲôˡ
һ·ϵؼҵǲʱţ۵ȴҹʮɫԽԽڣԽԽѿˡ
飡
֮űˣܿһ˳Ҷǰ
еȴһ˿ء
֮Уһ˷ֳ֣룬Ϊ׵һһ棬ԵһǺһʣĿһǿѹ
Ͽȥʮ̬ϴһ·ͬǵһ·Ȼƻϵ壬ȴһִϢ
ؼҵļŻ
ۣ֮
Ҷ֮΢΢һ漴ڶԷϣһɲͻȻȻŭһ㣬ԵƷĲޱһ㣬ҶȻѹȥ
ֲѹƣǻδؿȥֿǶҶ˵ȴǿĻǻҶȴҲһ𶯡
һʵȻĲ򵥣
漴Ҷٴεһʵ
С˭ΪʲôڲϵĿ򣡡
Ҷָһˣ˧ޱȣһۣߴϲʱĳ˿˿Ц⡣
ȴҶһαӵĸоΪԷҹʮ֮һϵЦѾ׵ʧˣޱ֮˸Ĺ⻪Ϊ֮ļ£
ǸҦ㣬ҦҵĳӣһҪļһһֱ׷ҽ㣬ȴҴܾˡ
زм˵֮ƺǴһֵĿɬȻغҦ֮һĦ
ͷˡһλҵˣ
ߴֵĶŻ˵
ߡ
һŻû˵ҦȴѾȿˣ֮дһǿҵĲ·Ҫеŭⷢɢһ㣬˿ûǿ档
ߣʲôԼӣеĵۺð뺷ĻҲֻܹ˵ó
ߣ
Ż̲סŭ
ͷôˣ㵱Ҫҽҹʮܸ𣿡
ȻƢ𱬣ȴɵ˸ڳЩˣеһԼģһȴҦҵǿߡ
һ˿ԾĸоС
⵵Σ༶㲻ϣҲΪˣߣ֪ǵҲܹһ̼Ұɣһ༶ľ綼ﲻСһ𣿱ˣǵǶµģҺ
ҦڵĿˡ
൱Ŀ̱ҹʮɫʼޱѿ˸
ˢ
һֻ΢΢һٵ§סߵҹʮ˫ĿϣĲЦ
ҵŮˡǵ飬ƨ£
ʮ㣡
ڿһ㣬һɱ֮Ȼ˸

Ұ֣ҲҦҵǰ˵ûнؼѵѡ𣿡
Ҧ㣬ƨѡ˻Ҫа𣿡
ʮߴĽе˸˿˿⣬ƵĿһ
ǿԵߣҦȻûʵȥԿȴһ˿⣬м˵
һֻǻŮȹܵˣҲ֮Ϊ𣿡
䡭
޴ȻĴҹʮϳ˳ϵâʼıЦ
ҦǰɣһٶңΪ𣿻ɡս


2027 ӵջ
ս
սⰻȻҹʮ̬ߵ̲ס¶˾ϲɫʵҹʮղѾ̼޷ˡ
ҶǿᣬΪֺ˵ȴû෴һ߰
һֱߣϲΪҪߵıӻ³ɳһ˵൱εġ
ٶ˵൱ΣһֱûȥߣҦ㶼ҪˣεľᣬʱȴҲܹѡ˲ġ
սսҦ¶һĨЦݣ·Ǵŵ̬һıóѵϢ˸
һζȥҹʮ죬ڵѾüĿˣҹʮѾӭսˡ
ܺáսǾսɣ
ҦЦ
Ҧ㣬һ༶½׵ǿȥһȥս㲻죬ﶼоģ̲ססҹʮ졣
ߣɲҪսģԼȥѡġ
ҦƽĻشȴûпҦҵλԼؼҵǿ޲ڿʼ¶ŭ֮ɫ
Ҧʵ̫ķ˵㣬ڵؼңǴһʼԷͷһӵ̬ţ·ﵱԼļһ㡣
˵̬εܹǵ
֮ս
ҹʮĿŶԷؿ˵
һССĴ֮Ȼȥսһ༶½׵ǿߣֱ
ҹʮȴԼĴ㣬һҪһѣΪҶ֧֣Ҷ˭ǿһľս༶ǿߵĴڰ
˵ҹʮҶġ
ߡͿͣ
ŻۻӶĺȵ
һοǻˣҦҵԽԽˣ֮УؼҵΧ֮УҲ˵ķǲؼҷﰡ
ؼ
ҦɵˣʱͻȻԼƺһ£ٴεĿԼߵˣмǿѾ
Ҧ̫ˡ
ԭҦ㲻ֻǲ༶½׵ľ磬Ҧ֮㲻ʲôǿߣѪȴǴģҲΪʲôԷʸڿһﲻʵ£һǸԲС
СУֱ̫ˡ
ҲûָĿȢߣǵԼҲ׸ĵģֻҪʩֶεĻҦҽԴؼõһЩôģڵǺðҦԲޱȵİ鶼Ūˣôûõһؼҡ
ǿעӣҦжڲˣõԼԼй͵ģԼ군ˡ
漴Ŀҹʮ죬Ҧǽһŭ
ͼɵģ뵽֮ɱȻĿ񱩱
죬һǧðҰ
ҹʮͰ͵ĿҶ죬һĿ֮ɫ
㵱ǲϲߵģٺ٣ôôҶЦĿҹʮ졣
Ȼ߱ҵʵǿ󣬵ҵôһĻһרһŮҲδһ°ҹʮε˵
һԼйܽӴŮ˵ҹʮ컹ϲĺܵģΪ̫ĸӲû˵
̫ǿˣҲδһ¡
ʱ䣬˵ǰĻҲδػа취ģȴһ취ҵĵ˵ˣѾ㹻ʩչһʱ֮ţʱ֮ţʱǽǾֹģеȴҲޱȵĿֲҪӦ֮еײеĿСܻܿġ
ҹʮ죬Ҷ¶֮ɫ˵
ʱ֮ţһʥŻҶں˵֮ŵõġ
ʱ֮ŵڲԵ֮飬Ѫ񣬶ҷĺܣһˣǾһսȥʵȴǲš
ˣ
ʱ䲻ˣֻоʱ䣬ʱ֮ŵĳΨһĻˡ
ҹʮ뵽˵ʱ֮ԺҶ˫Ŀȴʼˡ
΢ʱһ޴Ҷǰһ֮У֮ϵĵԷҵȼţҪԷ׵ĴΪΪ۷һ㡣
ӣ
Ǻӵ
ע뵽˺ӵ֮󣬺Ҳֻѹ˼ζѣٴν뵽˳˯֮С
Ǹо˺ӵڷĽֲţҶ컹Ϊһˡ
ˢ
һ֣ǡʾҲҶ֮֮еõĺô֮һ˼֮ҶѾоһʾĻָ͵Īá
Ľһѧ뵽˺ӵԺ֮Уʱһɺ嫵ʼ˳
ӵ֮Уɫͽɫֹ⻪ʼѸٵı䡣
ô£֮͹ҫ֮Ȼںһ𣿡Ҷɫ΢΢һǺܿȴȻһ껯һƣٵע뵽˺ӵڡ
ϵѰźΣһӵʱ䣬Ҷ˫Ŀȴ¶һĨŹֵĺۼ
һĺð


2028 򣡷
ӵҪˣ
аĵ֮ҫǧʥĹ֮ȫĲӦһġ
Ͼ໥ײĿºۼ㹻γ޼᲻ݵը
Ҷһ̫ӡǣŻںˮҲתΪһԲĵز
ǺӸӵĿ£Źаĺڰ֮ȫĲѷɫˮ֮
Ҹӿֲǣں
ʾСһǿؼˡ
Ҷüͷ΢΢һǶԼȴԽϲ
ӣɣ㣬ΪʦɱڵʦҲΪľһеģ
˫Ŀ˸Ĺ⻪Ϊ֮ļ£
ܹԵһѣһǧɳΪһ˲õǿҲָտɴġ
˫Ŀ֮Уüĵ֮Ȼһ

Ҷ쿴һĨĲӵϸţ㲨˸ͬһ˰һ㡣
һֲ˺ӵϣΪײں֮ġ
Ĳ
ҶаԵһüĵ֮Ѿ˺ϵ仯һı仯بź
ͺڰ໥ں֮ǿı䡣
һֲȻȫƿصģ·ȴɼÿһһɺ嫵ܣһ㣬ѹ
Ҷ΢΢Ĳ漴һĨ
ڰ͹Ľϣ֮̲صһֽڻһĴڣҶ˵ԵĪġ
֮УҶٵУ֮ۼӳУٵı˫Ŀպϡ
һ·ʼҶ֮С
䡭
ռ֮ʼһıЩ·Ȼռ֮ıҶ޷뵽ġ
ռ֮ϵȴʱ֮֮⣬κεȥģڵĿռ֮ȻѾʮ׵ķΧȴƺûдﵽҪЧ
ǵģռ֮񣬷ĻҪʩչǳ˿ȥõǶȻûпܵġ
ˡ
Ҷü΢΢һȻ֮ģϳ˿˿ĺۼһڴĺۼ
â˸߲֮ϣҶ뵽һֽ̬֮С
򣬲ϵȥţ
ҶϲϵĲ˿˿ĺۼЩۼһ˰ֲź̶ܴȵơ
ͺڰ˽һģʱһֲҲǸ飬̲صĶͬСɣҶ𽥵ĿʼоеĿֲ֮
ûжٵǿȴ˸оеޱߡ
ռ֮ƺǷڹͣ
Ҷ˫ĿȻһ漴ı˫ĿȲչԼȥеĸڣһĪƿأҶƿ֮󣬿ռ֮ʼ𽥵ı仯
ҶĿռ֮ҲֻһʩչǷ
ͷǰ߸޷ͺȽϡ
סħס޲׵
һƿ˷ǾͿȥף
ǷǿҶڿʼռ䷨
һƿ˿ռ䷨ľ֮Уû˿ȥƵ
ȥӵпռ֮ǿߣҲ֮ΪҶѾ˷ǿ
ҲҶʱؼҵǿҲʼһ
ߡҦԽķˣһСȻڴָֻţ
һϵǿߴ
ؼҵƢ൱Ļ𱬵ģһߵϱֵĳʱȴûзӦֻŲ衣
ڵʵڲ༶н۷ľ磬ϾͿͻƵ༶ϽˣȻһϯ֮ء
ҾҲǣҦЩʵɿΪˡ
һЦ˵
ԭˣҵһȻֻһ֧ȴҲıӻģѹ⵨ô󡣡ӿЩ鷳ŻķԼеıӣؿ˵
¸񰡡ؼ壬֮нɵıǴֵģҪ棬Ҳǡǻ𱬵ƢڵĻˡ
ߣδػ˵ļ򵥰֮ǲǿ󵽵ģû˿Զҡǣôˣبţǰ˴ҲǴŵģĲ࣬ϣǣ˭ΡŻ΢΢ü˵
ô죿ҦʵҹʮҪǿȥսĻҹʮˣߵϹ˷ŭɫ
ҿδأүʵȻһ㣬ȴҲûаյˣ϶ղŻôӦġ
ؼҵԸֱˬʱѾ϶ҹʮˣƺ϶ʼıˡ
ǰҾýһʤġС˵
ҾҲӮ
ŻͻȻ˵
һ￪ڣǾͲˣ϶һԭ
ͷ￴ģҪ׼˰ĻŮһûйžͳ˹Ѹˡ
˿ûмɵ
ȿȿȡ
Ż˱뺷ҲЩȵĺܡ
Ҳûз֣ҹʮ챾㲻ǸߵһҲûһƲ磬һħԳᣬҸоϴǿһ㣬ǵ˿Ĳⲻص㣬صһһ
Ǹĸһļһ𣿡
ߺֱ׵˵
ߡһҿСӲײеһ
Ż֮д˿˿첨˵
Ȼ֮䣬һɺ嫵Ҳʱٵеؼǿ޲ɴ˫۳һ˹ȥ
򡭡Ƿ


2029 ս
򡭡ⷨޱȣһֿԺϢȥĥ⵽ʲôѵ˵Ǵ˵ֻл֮ǿ߲ſĻ編򣿡
Ż૵
ⲻǻ編ԼĿԸоһֿԿϢϢռ䷨򣡡
һߵ˫ĿȻɵùԲǸϵľ޷ڸǵı
ռ䷨
ʱ䲻˭棡
ǿռ䷨ƿؿռ֮ب֮亱ޱȣﵽ̶߳ȿŤתռ䣬ǵһ磡
Ȼǿռ䷨򣡡
Żϴɫ
ǸƺǸ׷Сڵľס֮أ
ߵ¶һ˿ȫû뵽ǸӵļһﾹȻԸôĶ
Ȼ׷СӵʵӵĿɲھˣҹʮǿߣҲһİˡ
ǿ׷׵ĵ˵ͷ
ܹʩչռ֮ƿؿռ䷨ǿߣôһ˿ȥ󵽵ģԷֶοҲᳬǵġ
Ҳǻڲ²ʱҶҲѾ㶨ˡ
ʱҴҵĹȥˣҶһֱںӵΪػţֱһ˰һʥӰʧŻ˫Ŀ
һ˫ĿһӯӯĲȻĳռƺܵĳѹһ㣬ڲϵı仯š
һ˫ĿһµĹ⻪˸и䣬·һ㣬޷Է
ɺ֮УΨµϢ֮һƽ
ռƿأԭˣ˵ǰֻǿռ֮ʹߣھǿռ֮ƿߣƿغ˿ռķ֮ҾͿʩչռ֮Ǵﵽ˲༶Ͻ׵ǿߣԵû취ҵĿռ֮֮з
Ҷһţ
ⲻǽǶԼľţ
˸۰Сү
һŭʱ֮дݳҶ΢΢һ漴Ķ뵽ʱ֮š
һ棬ޱ󣬵ǿ񱩵ͼطȥǼֱ
һӰת⿪ʼ񱼡
һӰһ𣬹һⲻҹʮ컹˭
ʱҹʮϣױŷһϻ˸Ӱڷš
ߵߣϵ׻ʡ
Ͽ񱩷ǷٲȻһ޴ŭһ㡣
༶½Ϊˣһʵȷʵܿ죬Ĵвȫںϵˣһõһȫµɱ䡣ҶаԵĵͷѡ
õһ𴫳У׵ƿ֮ˣʵҲûдﵽ༶ľ磬˵ҹʮһֱڰԼеĵ·ߣҲֻһǿ߰ˣΪֹȴȲȻϵΪѾ뵽һȫµľ֮С
˵һĪɱ䡣
𡭡
һŭݳֻһĺӰѸٵĳҹʮ񱼶ЩӰʵȻڲ༶½۷ľ磬ҹʮĲ༶½Ҫ߳ܶࡣ

һʱҶٻУ͵ĻӶȥѸٵĽϳΪһ޴ףٴεĲӣһ޴׺ЩӰʩչȥ
ʱ֮ŵıһܰڣǽȫĴݻٵȻĲܻᱻġ
ֱһȺһ㡣
Ҷȴĳҹʮڵĳ֮УÿһεĳֶЩӰܵΪǿĹЧ
һ׺֮󣬵ʱĽ

ڵĴϢţҹʮ¶˼˷ܵɫȻ˵ʱ֮УޱȵƣǵһҪĵزջȴӵĿֲ
ʱоԼϵĶԴԴϵĻ۵Լϣ˲ֲ༶ϢҲо˴δйǿ
༶
ҹʮ¶˼ɫֻһССޣҹսСҪ˵ǲ༶ǴľȴҲԴﵽģڣΪ˲༶֮жһǿˡ

һݳ
Ҷϴ֮ɫĵ˵ͷ
Ѿġ
ҹʮԭڼϣȻһ䣬ֵĳҶͿʼӶ˹ҹʮ˵Ǹˮһ㡣
νǿĺܣʩչ֮󣬴ﵽǿ󾳽һ˾ĵزˡ
ǿز֮£ȻҲⷢӳ׵ӵ͡
һ޴˲һ㣬Ҷ

ҶЦ֮УֵȭӶ
䡭
һȭ֮£ȭӿѸٵĽԷһȭݺݵػ˳ȥ
ֲûͣ٣ǽ֮󣬼ĳҹʮ쿪ʼ֡
׶ݣ
Ӷɫ׵翪ʼ񱩵ĻۣȻγһ׺Ҷȥʼ
䡱ߵ۵һ𣬶ʱһƬĿ񱩷籩
֣֮
ҶƻӶĳҹʮӶȥ
ͣͣͣ
ҹʮ켱æİֽ
ôˣ
ҶһĨ֮ɫĿ
үģ⻹ôȣҶʺĵطôʱˣΪ˲༶ֻصˣû뵽Ѿĸӵǿᣬ⻹з𣿡
ҹʮ㬵˵
̬൱ơ
ҹʮȷʵ൱ƣط˯˯ȣʱֹͣһ㣬ҹʮĲ²⣬ӽʱпܴﵽһա
ÿ˯úúõעһͺ±͵Ϯˡ
νǾһû뵽ԼҪйȴҶѾʵԼ߳һأԼȫĳֶûа취㶨Է
ٺٺ١ȷʵǲʱȥˣƵô߰ʱˣ߰ĿΪ˲༶ǿߣ⵹Ϊİοˡ
Ҷĵ˵ͷ
ʱ֮ţĻޱȵĶӵģǿÿһӶںԿ
ǿѹ֮£Ҫ൱ѡ
ҲҶڴĽ
߰𣿡
ҹʮ¶𾪵ɫûаͺҹ޷ļʱ䣬ȻѾоʱˣÿն׷ɱ֮жȹģҲҶЩʼãȻˡ
ȥϢһ°ɣվսˣڵΪ˵ԸҦӦûжġ
ҹʮеЦ˵
ڵңŰ
Ĺ⻪˫Ŀ֮˸ɱ񱩣Ͼս߰ʱ䣬ϵɱ޷Ŀɲǿ
ҹĻ٣һǳʼµâ·Ǹزһɴһ㡣

߳˵ʱ֮ţҹʮʳıһ֮ԼĴһ̬
֨
ͻȻˡ
һ֮УһѸٵĳ嵽˴ϡ
ߣҪʲô񰡣
аɣаɣҹʮ죬㶼ˣﶼ£ʲô
ˣ߻˭ܿģȴ˱仯
ʹʹҹʮ죬쵰㣡

˷ܵĴϢԴı̢ʼˣҹɫƺ൱


2030 ս
ô
ҶһЦĿҹʮ죬ʱҹʮˬĺܣԱ㲻˵иţκε˵һޱ顣
ߡˣ
ûıһҶ죬ĳһ泩
ŮߣԭŮھһϵĶ֮󣬿νǸӵˣѩŵķۺ죬ɵĻ𱬣ȴûԭǰԵͨ˲٣񾲵̬ȴҲԵøӵ
ٸķҲ˲ٵΪ֮һ۲ҡҷ֮УԵĴһ˿ĲȻʱ
ȻһҹĶɲô򵥵顣
ҴʱٸѾȫȻûԭֻ𱬵̬Сһҹʮ졣
Ҳ֪һﵽʲôֶΣȻһֻĸ
´ΣҲҪȥǵʱ֮棡
սħҶ̲סĽе
ʱĶսħھһδεս֮Ѫ֮ŵزصĴУǿᣬʱѾ뵽˴۷塣
ȻԸһĲ༶½ǿ˵ûжٵ⣬ȴǲ粻༶ǿᣬڼҹʮΪ֮Ȼһ˿ڴ
԰
ҶЦĿŶԷڴ
ؼ
ԶһЦ㴫˳
ֻһѾؼ
Ϊ׵һĺ⣬һЦӣһ˫Ŀȴޱа졣
ԭҦû뵽Ҳ˰
Żϴ˿˿Ц˵
̬ʵǷȻŻҦѾû˶ٵĺøС
ǺǣǰһοҦϱҵĶսȻùˣһοɲֻҦң㿴ļҲѾˡ
Ц¶˵ɫЦ
ȻҦ󣬼ǿվڶԷ󣬶Żͷ
Щ˶еһЩ壬еǱؼҶ˿ĲС
ġ鷳ˡһؼҵǿ̲ס
Ҷĵ˵ͷһȷʵǺ鷳鷳ȴδؼңҦҡ
ҦҼһεĿĺȻҹʮʵھʱܹʲô̶ȣʲôزġ
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Ǳ֮ı֣뵽ԼҪŮ˾Ȼ˰ȥͷεܹܵˡ
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һװ֣ȭͷſµâ˸ֱӽҦ˳ȥ
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ҦҼĽ֮ɢ˿˿âȻεĳûԤ֮еġ
ǺǡΪսðƻԭɣ
Żã˫ĿĿţ·ڿϷһ㣬̬ȴҲðҦҼɫԽѿ


2031 үģ
ܣ
ԼսףҦ㻹൱ŵģȫĲԼȻ˸ɳȥϹɫĺ
顭
̤㣬ȭâ˸βһ㣬ҹʮٴεĳ֣һֱӵĴ˳ȥ
ӻԽĺˡս׹Ʋֻ˵ĳ̶ȰɡҶ˫ĿԷаԵ˼š
ֻٶȵĻҦδػᴩս׵ģп»֪ء

飡
׵ƿأʵȻĿʼҦϣԷͬһʯһĳܿɳȥ
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֣ȻֻǸոտʼսȴҲǿǿʼʶҹʮֱһħһĴڣǸӦޱǿ󣬾ȻԸоԼٶȿĶݳĲ
׵磬ٶҲǿٵľˣݿռ֮е׵粨ϢȫĿҹʮİסһ㡣
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͡
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ǿֲ˲죬涼ʼ

ͻأʱҦȴЦ֮ϵҹʮ죬սȻķ˵âһӰ˸
֮ϵҹʮƺһ̳Ϊһӡ
Ҳүģ
Ҷ֮ȻһɫҲʼѿ쳣ŭ


2032 Ҳ
ݳҶѾٵĻһӰǱ̨ȥ
ٶϿľˣʱҦȴҶ죬ϵ漴һ㣬һݺݵس֮ϵҹʮɱȥ
䣡
һ磬ϴľˣȫһ༶½׵ǿ߿Դĳ̶ȣҦԴ
սף
棬һ貵Ĺ⻪ֳ۳ġ
ջۣ
ս֮ϾȻһϵ󷨣Ըյǿ߻еҲ˵ʱҦһսȫһս
ۡ
绮գݺݵػҹʮ죬ʱһѪֲȥֿסģҦ㱾Ͳ಻ŰгֵЩǿ߻۵ֱҪǧնɱ

Ů׵ˣֻӶֱӵĻһĺۼǿеգס˴֮ҹʮ졣
ȿȿȡ
ҹʮڵĿţﲻϵѪʳ
һҶɫľˣһ֮Ѹٵע뵽ҹʮ֮УҺҹʮھ˵ʱ֮ŵĴ֮ͲԭģǿĺܣٴεĽ֮İһǱסˣֻҪĵĵһʱ䣬ʵǿԻָġ
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һķĺЦģȴʵڵıҲòٵǿǰԵɫһ䣬嶼ʼ
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֮дһԴǵϢ֪ѾƷУĻɻˡ
ôĵӣؼҼƺؼҵ˰ɣȻ˵ĲĹأ֮Уֻʧߺʤߣ˶ȻĲְܳɣ
Żɫ͵һѿһ˫Ŀű亮âҦҼٺٵЦ
ǲȴӼսյս״μĲҪֱ̬ǳĳ˵󰡡ʲô˼ҦҼϱó·ܵĪһ㡣
ߡʩչǸջ۵󷨣ս棬һ󣬸ղŵһл֪жǿ߻䡭ƽƨ˵ĲҪΪƽԣ
ʲô֤֤ʩչ˹󷨵һУһ䣬ʤˣؼҵˣ治ĻǾͲҪȥ棡
Ҷ֮⣬ͼһս׵İ൱ѵģʱҦνץסеҪΪܺһ㡣

Ҷ΢ʱռ䷨ʼʩչ
ҹʮԼֵܣȴĿ۸ˣκε˶ܹȥеεģҦ㲻ĵķŭƽ
ס֣
ҦҼƺǸо˲ãʱ˸ӿֲŭѹɽһĿʼ񷶼ʼ

ҶսȻıȫӶԷǿѹչһɽһ㣬ݺݵسҦѹ
䡱ʥ·ʼϵıǣ漴γһһ㣬һɽȥ
ҶǶԷȥֿ˵ģڵҶ죬ǿŶٰʮƵļӳ֡
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ۡ
ѪʣҦһĲҽ֣ʱѾѵˣǱ׵ɸɾ


2033 в

ҦҼۿѣĺҦٲҲԼĺӣҲ˸ɴ࣬һԼǰġ
ҶѪ죬ʱƿؿռ䷨һͷԲʮ֮ڣ޲ƿ֮УһֻԿȻ
СҪ
ҦҼŭѪƲ񷣬һĺâ˸ϵɱҲѾﵽһ£ҪҶնɱһ㡣
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ɣһī룬Ϣһ׻Եøĳʡ
˵ģʮӣȻǿȴһӺݻĴƣöԷʮ㣡

ӵĳ֣ŻɫȻһ䣬Ҧȴ¶˿ĵЦݡ
껣ΧļǵɫҲȻһ䣬ؼҵ֮ҲʼЩŹ
ңһ壬ؼ˵ҲҪǿһЩⲢص㣬صһ֧һһķ֧
Ȼ˵ַ֧ľ֮Ҳ֮ܶ࣬ȴǺٵģ㲢ֱϵϵѪȴҲܵĶ衣
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˵̬Ҳ껵ɫȻøȫڴһžۡ
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Ȼһ棬ⲻѪǧԷʱȥŵС顣
ؼҵʵȻҵСһ㣬֮еıܴһǴؼõġ
ؼҵҲ൱֮㣬ҪսĻҪ˵£ҲδؿԳɹ
˵ҪȥؼңҪ˲ݻؼңȴҲȻûʵġ


2034 ҹɱ¾
ҹĻ
һյսᣬҲ뵽˳˯еʱ̡
»תأһж·ǰһ㣬ǲеҹĻ֮г˯ġ
ಡ
ƿ֣˲â˸ٵƶһ̹ǵĺۼڳһȥ
̹ǣҹɫƺǶһָӺϢ
ĺ֮УҶȻһ˫Ŀ
վ𣿡Ц
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Ҷ쵭˵
ڶսħѾ뵽˵ʱ֮֮УԶսħڵʵûжٵİΪܹԼ˵ĸǿ󣬲ֻǶսħţħһǿҲ뵽档
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ΧһĺӰҶһЦ
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Կռ䷨Ϊɱ֮صľҶѾ׵뵽ҹ֮С
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ٴεĳ֣漴Ŀռһ̣ʮĹӰϢȻĳҶƶ
ϵƣһմȾҶ»˲佫Ѫɴ롣

Ҷĺ͵ͷųһӰԵϢ漴Ʊŷһ˲ʱ̣Ҷ쾹Ȼ̤һ㣬ƿؿռ䷨ѸٵĶ߶
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һľʹ֣ϵһĺۼǿԿ׹ǵȣѸٵעһ֮С

Ҷ΢΢һϢ
һ˲֮ʱֱ̣ӴյƾŶڿռ֮ƿأ˲ı谭ǿߵǰڶԷ㵵֮УƾϵĿֲĲӡ
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2035 
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ŲĻٻƴһĵز
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2036 ң
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֮ж൱ѵˣǲ𼶵ǿߣ˭ܹ֣˭ܹʸ

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һ񱩵ŭ˳֮д޷ڸǵŭ⣬캧صķ񣬰ԵϢսĲһ̣Ϊ֮һ㡭


2037 ײ
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ѣѪ֮ˣǵˣ
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׷ɱҶǿǣʱ¶˷ܵɫǵĺ̨ˣǲоˣһȺ˶

һʮˣҶκεһǿߣκһ鶼ҪԵҪɲ
飡
һֱָӵĴ֮г֣޾޴ĺۼϮɱصĻȥħɽ̬һײ飬Ϊ޵촷ۡ
϶㵨ҶҵˣСɱһƬײ
ٴεĳ֣·ǿնҪȻʧɫﶼҪΪ֮ĤݣԵսںһ𣬹Ϯɱ˿ûԷǿᡣ
ȻûȴҲѾ㹻ʼˡ
ˣ֮У𶼺ĳˣһΣȴΪһҶȴˣҲòٵǿǷ׷׵Ŀʼ²Ҷݡ
ս̫̫ˣСնɱôѪ㾹ȻҪӻ
죬Ҫս˭˭
սһԵʮ㣬һ˿涼Է֮Ȼûǿ̬ȴѹԣԷ
ս
ʱ߳ŭ
ôķϻսս
սĺ
ս˲˺գȥȻֻǱ࣬ǳְԵ£°̬ȴѹκεһǿΪ֮ѡ
ֵǣȺˣ
žޱȵһսһǿǷ׷׵ķ


2038 սѪ
ս
ս
ս񷣬ӰŰ裬սҡ
תһĿ籩֮꣬޲ƻ쾡£
ŭ֮ӿֳһɱ̬Ѫɣʮǿ֣߳һѪ֮УȴɱɾʱѾʣ˲༶Ͻǿ߶ѡ
Ҷʱˣħ֮˵ģԼѪսѪΪսƿأѪеȻ٣ÿһޱǿᣬ춯ص
ĻԷĻƺûʲô󣬶˵Ļ˵ģⲻһȺսһȺƥս
սⰻȻɱڣսɷں壡
ϵ˺̫࣬ϵ̫صĻԼҪȥɱһ
սһսҾҲǺùģԱ
һǿȻŭһȻ֪һεնɱҾҪҲǲܵˣŭһ֮ȻӿΧһſŵǳһ㣬ٵĳۼһ
𡭡ģҪԱ
սһǿǴĺ
ߡǵѪ뿪
һŭ𣬿񱩵˺ա
սȻǿɲȻǲսһԱĻǾһˡ
༶ϽǿߵԱֱԻһС͵ĴԪȻطȴδ˿£Ų𼶵ǿڱӻǽĻǻ᲻˵ġ
͡
һӰٵץҶֱֱۣӵ˺ٵĿ񱼡
СӣǵѪɱĺðһնɱʮĲ༶Ͻǿߣ˵֮ˣٵĽҶߣЦ
䡱
һɿɲ·һž޴ǳԱһ㣬ǿĦγҶΧѸٵĻĦҶ峯ܼ䣬Ҷ챾ѾܵصĴˣʱˣֱӵıһײеУһѪҪ˵ʲôһ̣ʹԴһѣڵ̲סĵȥ
үġսܣôģ
һ˿Ҷѣ˹ȥ̲ס
ô֪Լιȥģ
սһίĺ
ƨϽĻȥⱬƵѾڱˡ
һǿѸٵĽӡһƣⱳʼֿ˹ȥȴҲֻǵֿ˲Ƭ̶ѣһȴ񱩵ĳ˹ȥ
սԱзգ
һԱֱﵽһ޷ĵزģʱ򶼸оɷڵǿǷ׷׵Ľ䱸
ߡ֣
һϵݳȻ֮ģ֮ϣһֻֿٵľ𣬳ѹ
ֻƬ̶ѣһɺ嫵Ѿǿеѹȥ
ȻĲʼѡˡ
ȻֻƬ̣ȴʮ屻ȥ㹻Ŀĳⲻ༶ϽǿԱжôĿֲ
ԽǿޣԽϧԼ˵Щ༶Ͻ׵ǿߣ׵ĲѡԱģһԱʲôûˣȥˣǻȥķʽڣӶгһտٴεĸģһԱ֮⽫᳹׵Ļ촷ۣҷ
ģȺ黹İ
սܵ¶ɫĺ
ߡ˴֮ΪգһھԻĽѵһٵġ
һǿ˵
漴һǻ֮еҶ죬ȵ
ȻȥѵþһͬѪ㻹˴ģСҲһ׵ʮ༶Ͻǿߣӣǵ֮ͬʵٴε˲ٰ
ǿ϶ˣСڻֻǲ༶½۷ѣﵽнףǴﵽȼǾ޷ģ
ǿϴ˷ܺͼɫе
ռ伤ݳĿֲϢΧһɺ嫵Ĳ޷ڸǵĿֲ֮Ϊ֮ϢתС
ڵˡû뵽һﾹȻᣬСӡʲôˣ
ؼ֮޲ĿһС
ֻҹʮ¶һĨ֮ɫѾԼĲ²⵽Ҷ쵽Ǳˡ
֮УսѪγһս
ֻӵѪ˲ſԼǿĻ󣬶ղųֵ˵бսȻģҶǱѪˡ
˴֮еǿˣҶõսĳϣԺİȫڶʱ֮Ǿ԰ȫġ
ҹս壬ҲսĻҲᱻߵģڵұȥŬһҼսĻ󣬲ſԱĳϣʱҲܹǰ
ҹʮ¶˼ᶨɫ


2039 
ӣԽ˼ˣȻսѪ֮УȻٴεĶһ˲ǿߣԭսѪȻϡٵÿһȴ޲ǿһʮΪСӲŲֻССĲ༶½۷壬ȴѾԺͲ༶ϽǿӲӲնɱô࣬Ǽĳɳȥ˵ýһ𡭡
һص˳
ߡܹΣǼԪټ˭޷ȥһ㣬֪һΰ˴𻹻ʣ¼ˣȫûҲпܣЩԪ˵ʲô
һ֮öȴޱȵᣬ·ǿ˵񶼱סһ㡣
Ԫ٣
֮д˿˿Σ漴Ѹٵɢ
ϼͬԣŹ⻪ƽһâ˸ƺǧڷɱβȸ̽£䳤ƺ
ޣ޾滨ݣʥ֮⡭
˵ֻһ漴ĽһƬĿռȾΪһ£׵ĽУݻΪһޱȵɾ硭
һƬռޱȹĿռ䣬ȺɽڻۣȺɽޱȣܹ߰˰ÿһɽ壬ͬһʵһ㣬Ÿâлۡ
ɽ壬ȴֻռ˲֮һɽ˿˿ϢĴƺ
˻ĵطԪ֮أȻô֮أֱһ˷ָ顣
䡱
һâۣһâһҵһ㣬գ漴ıһӰٵ׷
š
һըƾ𣬶ʱһ֡
λɽˡ
һϲݳ֮Уһ޴ŻŻǳ£һӰһ̤ǳ£߰С
һɳͰԵϢȻ
Ԫ棬Լĵط̹
Ǵ֮һӰҲ̤һƬռ䣬ԵޱȵĳŻǰ
սһˡ
սڵΧռȻڹĲ֮ǲڣԪ֮棬֮ǿᣬ㹻λΪ֮ۺ첻ѡ
սһĶֵУȴûһ˵׵ǹ
սǸߴ׵Ҷһֱֻ۱ϣǵĳŻ֮У漴һš
һŻǽ뵽ںͳڣԼѪ֮ˣˣ޷뵽УҪӲĻֽޱȵҺͰ
뵽Ż֮󣬶ʱһбĸӷḻһϵĴֳһӷǷŲãϢУʢ·֮ơ
壬ȥһڣ˸оԼʼǿ˼֡
ϴСӸô죿ڵƺǲ̫ɰ
սܿһ˿ѯʵ
ȷʵɣӣôɲΧ֮£Ҳ꣬Сûǿνиģʵ̫ˣõȵڻ֮󣬲ܹᡭ
˵ҲĺܣսܻҪһЩҵĳ̶ȣŵĺۼЩۼÿһ·ǾشٵĴγɵһ㣬еĶԸоһǿҵڷڡ
Ϊսҡ⣬ʮǿߵеǿһˣսѪҲʵǰһλ
ڣǵ˴ùˣսһֱҪζˣӣпպúõһһѪǣ
鲻ʱȵʱ֮˻ֵġսҡһ˿ЦݣҶ죬ɵ˵
ٺ٣ȷʵСӾǸݽɫһˣŵôĸ֣һΣõѪˣȻ˵Ѫռƣⲻ༶Ͻ׵ǿҲǲģһʧô࣬ٺٺ١
ߡ
һߴݳ֮Уʱһɺ嫵ʼһѺ۳֣һѺһ޴ĺڰħһ㣬ȻĿʼſ
һӰ֣
ʮ㣬𺳾ʮذİԵսȥ֮ƶѣްֱһħһ㡣
ڡ
ڻˡ
ǿĽ
ֻ֮ϣһӰʼۣ漴ʵ壬ԷԵĴȻһװ˵ģԼЩѪ˵ҪԵһЩȴһ˭İ
֮£ƺǳΪһ۵Ĵڡ
ԷģȻ㲻ǿȴһζʵһ
˵ü֮Уһƣ˸ƺǧУһۿȥ֮󣬾Ȼһâĸо
˲Ǳˣս
Уһس׵ĶϱڷĲţϵһɲãϢڷıţҪһ㣬Ȼսѹй¶Ϣޱȵ΢սҡһȴ޲һĽӲΧĿռ䶼ʼž죬һѺ۳ֳֻһ˿Ϣѣȴһޱȿֲĸо·һ˲ҪȫѹƵĸо
롭ʱˣǰ
սɫˬŭ漴һƵĴȥƿɣһȥȴ޾ѸٵĽֱѹȥ
һŭֱֹ֮ͣ𶯡
ǡ
սҡɫһĹŹ֡
ǿҲ˵
ٺٺ٣ԭһųħղӺսѾֱӵĽʩչ˳ٺ٣ҪľЧֱնһֱֻۣ𼶵컯ҩοѾĻһޡǿŷֱ֣澹Ȼ˵ֱۣͬһ㣬ȻצȴҲ˸ÿһƬۣŰƴСһֱֻۿȥĵа׳ȡ
⻹ǱѹȥĻ׵ĳ̶ȣû١Ƿһ룬ȻʣµĸСֱӵȥӵĺҲȥƣҪһֱֻģ
սԵޱȵĺ
ٺٺ١öڣ⻹ǽҰɣ֤ǿԺúõһսЦ˵
ȿСô
ս˵
漴ĶҶ΢΢һһָֻü֮УһɰԵϢѸٵע뵽Ҷ֮С
𡭡
һ޴Ӱֳ
һӰԵǷֳһ޴սǹ䱸ޱȵĿս
Ǻǣֻǳξѵĳ̶ȣȻѾ˵ĵزˣƺҹսСӵѪû뵽û뵽
һ˿̾սﴫ˿˿κ˷ܡ


2040 
磬ƺƮ󣬸һ㣬ȥѰٵе
Ҷ˫Ŀرһˣ·ǳһƬڰ֮Уû˿ӽӲУһȥһ㡣
µʱӹȥˣʱҶһϵĴ֮бػţΧĻ۹ȥٲȻҪҶһ㡣
ǣҶȻȥһ㣬ȴһ˿С
ùŹֵļһ
һǿվҶǰü֮Уһâע뵽Ҷ֮У˲ȴһɺ嫵ٵĴܳһâ׵ȥԵĲκε뵽Ҷӡ
Ŀ֮࣬дһִս𻹻˭
ʱ˫Ŀ֮д˿˿ĺ֮ɫҶ죬·ڿһ漣һ㡣
Ȼ޷ȥҶΣʵľһѡ
ڵ˵һֻھ֮е϶ȥ׵ĶھȻ޷СӵʵĹ찡
ڵҶȻȥѾ׵һ㣬ʵǿԸоҶһڲϵĴͷţĿʼչѸٵĳӯľ֮У񱩵ʩչȥ
һǿڵҶ컹˯Ļ֮Уս𶼽ҪΪһħһ㡣
Сʱ֣һ˵ʵһ¡ҲԳΪһ˲õǴӡ
˵Ѿ𽥵ɢһ̣ӰȻʧޣԭսʱʧˡ
Ҳʧ˲䣬ҶͻȻһ漴һĶӰʼɣһ޴ĹľӰ֣ͬҪһ㡣
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ʱľ棬߼ۣ·µʴһ㣬ϸϸĿȥȴ֣ᷢĺۼ֮У·֮ڣһµϢӿһֹϵĵ˼µϢư·
Щ·ٵļȡΧ֮еһõٵļȡԼ֮С
ٴεע뵽Ҷ֮С
⼸յɣҶ棬һɼǵ˺ȻʧˣȴޱأڲԵûɣʮ༶Ͻǿߵĺ֣Ҷ쵽ڻûѾеˡ
䡭
۵˼£˲һɺ嫵֮˿˿ɫâʼҶ֮
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꿪ʼָǹޱȵǣҶھȻ޷ԼֻܹоԼĴڣ˷·һ㡣
޷ƿ޷ȥƿһ˿Ĵڣ뵽һֺڰ֮һ㣬ȫû˿Ĺ
Ҷ챾ޱǿ󣬾־ǿ۷壬ȴһľսĸо
ô£ҵأҵһиоȥˣʲôط
ŭ֮ϴ˳
䡱ȻģǰʼŹ⻪
ֹ⻪һϾڰ֮бȼһ㣬ǹ⻪Źʥֿ
⡭ٴεĳ֣ҶȻһ漴뵽һ֮УǰһҲʼ췭ظĸı䡭


â֮£һеһжһҶΪ֮ĶĸоʱȻ޷оԼĴڣȴٸо
֮Ҳ𽥵ɢ˵˫ĿȻһ漴ĳΧ˹ȥ
һƬ磬޳Ⱥޱأ˼µϢҶ̲סҪȥ̽ҪȥںϣǸоˣâ֮УһԼΪ֮Ϣ
ָо·ǻع鵽ĸĻ֮С
䡱
һ֣ŭһ㣬ѸٵĿռ䷢˾޴ĸı䣬һĻ谵ԭ֮дĿռ·ܵħĴݲһ㣬ʼͷų˵ӵĲ
ô£γ֣Ҷ쿪ʼоЩѹ֡

㿪ʼˢˢĽδ޷ڸǵĺأ籩꿪ʼ䳹ΧȺҪΪ֮
ı仯ҲҶȻ˫Ŀ
ɽѵﱻѹһĶâһ㣬˷ʼͷš
ֻ֣
Ҷ˫ĿҲʱ򣬻ˡ


2041 
٣
޾٣
֮ϣһϵĴһ㣬ƿصһУͳ˻ġ
ڷļţϵͷţе˰Ĳҽ
һֱ̣˼ֻһ㡣
̲֪˶ãҲһӣҲһСʱһꡢһԪ
վͣȥ
ʱҶ˫ĿȴڲϵĿһеķһУһеĻ𣬵ȴоһеĻƺյ㡣
ȻֻǶݵʱѣһȴٴεĳˡ
һſŴӣɢʥĹâ
ģЩӿʼѿٴγ֦Ҷʼ

ٴεĸգ
ֻأ
ҶһооİһεĸԼһµ˽ƿء
죡
Ҷޱȣĺ
ԼȭٴεĿʼ򣬽뵽һȫµľ֮С

ҶٴνԼȭʼʼӷ
֮֮֡𡭡
ȭٴεĵõһ
֮ȭ
ȭԾʮأһȭȻûƿأȴҶʶ֮һȭ֮д಻Ϣ
Ҷ쿴Ļ֮ٴεһȭ֮УޱߵϢŻ
һȭ֮Уƺֻһʵȴ޾޾ϢϢ
ͬǾκһ㣬಻ǻӶȥ㹻õ˵ܵεĳͽ䡣
޸裡
һʥâ֣һΣҶһȭȴһʷʫеİʥ˲˽Ĥݵĸо
ⲢϢȴŵ죬ĸڻԣҲһɱȭӡ
ȭӰٴεĸȥ
һȭӡٴεĻȭ⡣
Ҷȴ𲽵ǿȴǰһУʵϣһеӻ֮ҶѾȴһУֻڲϵĸԼڵԼȭ
𡢵죡
ߵȫȫȻĳҶԺ֮С
ÿһȭɱ֮ȭÿһȭȴִһһ㣬ȥ޷
ʱ䣬һһĹȥˣҶ˯ڳ˭ԸоϵĴ֮ϣһǿϢӿȴֱսѹΪҶϢ֡
ڵҶ죬һȫµƣĳ֣Ϊһϣһ
һա

һŭݳŭ֮д޾ܣ·һϵľһ㣬ǿɲϢϵĴڲԲǧĿռ֮УһеĿʼϵĴȥռ֮оȻγһɬ̬һ㡣
仯ʵսһΪ֮սΧ֮Уһж޾Ԫġ
һ޵еǿҲȻĲǧķΧ֮γͿա
֮γͿգȫΪһɿµٶӰԵʡ
һСӡθĺܴ󡣡ս𻺻һ˫Ե˫Ŀâ˸ȻļķΧ貵Ľһ㣬˫
䡱һϱ۳֣ϱ۲ףȴһɺ嫵ܣϢϵϢɱϢ߹Ϣ
֣ںһ˵жڿʼ
Ķϱۣ
սεȵȻһ۾ͿҶΣڷĳֹŹֵı仯ҪӴ
ʣϻʲôܹǿߵõˡ
ÿһĲǶǻŵϵ֮ԪŷޱȵĲ֮Դ
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ϱ֮У˿񱩵ıȻûǲƿأȴҲŲϢ
ƲڿϵĴ˲䣬ֻϱ۵ȴȻļɢèһ㣬Ĳ

ŭϵͷԼѹ˲֮Уһεľַ·֣ץסһֻĶϱۣٵ
ĪĿռ֮УҶĴ߶ԼǻۣʼϵȥԼȭĴ޲֮һһֳ
ԭˡ
ȻģҶĶһ٣ﻺ˵
䡭
һɺ嫵ܿʼɡ
·һһ㣬գȴִһе
Ҫͻ𣿡
սܵ¶˷֮ɫĽе


2042 ǿ裡
ޱߣٿ
֮ϣ֮УһĹ⻪ʼ˸ÿһĹ⻪Ѿﵽһ˴ֵĳ̶ȣ޴â˸ǿնҪĺۼ
Щۼӿһ˴ֵĴ̶ִȣߡһ㣬֮У֮Ͼ죡
ټĹ֮Уۼ߰ߣϵƿʼͷųݻΪΪɲĲ
ǹϵĴ֮ϣػӡǣػĴ
ڵҪʼֻǽн׶ѣȴԽݻ̶ȣʵĲ򵥡ս¶һĨɫ˵ͷ˵
ȷʵǲ򵥣ǿϢҲôﵽ˲༶ϽײŻ֣ܳҳֵĿҲС
Ҷȴڲ༶нͻƵʱ̣ﵽ˵ĳ̶ȣʵĲ򵥣ԵĿԿĳҶڵǱﵽһô˼ĳ̶ȡ
䡭
һǿҵҶϣоǿңһȸһ㡣
ҶݻһȭⲻϵۺʹȭԽǿ
֮ȭȭͳ֮Ϊ֮ȭ
ҶڵĽԼȭһ£дʱĸͬȪˮһţÿһεʶһϴһЧ
ȭӡȭ⡢ȭȭȭ
֣ȫںһ𣬹ڵ֮ȭ
֮ȭҶһݻǧУٴεĽǧнɱ͵죬ݻΪУ
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У
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Уÿһжݻǧı仯ϵȭ֮УΪҶ쿴֮ٴεĵһͻ
ȥ֮󣬱ԭȭҪǿһȭһ༶ǿߡ
ʱž첻ϣҶǰһĻ谵һٴεĳֳ˹̬֮УѾоĴڡ
Ѿ׵ˣҲʼѣ뵽˾ѵĻ֮С
޾Ҷ֮ߣһģҶ춼ҪΪ֮
·޾һ㣬ÿһεͷŶҶĸоԼǿִ֣̬ҶκεһҪ¡
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ҶȻ֪ΪʲôԼڣڵȴޱȵļּǶϵҪ
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ʱոյѣһɳĮ֮ûˮֲĴһ㣬Ҫˮֵõ䡣
̰ޱ̰˱Χ
Ҷڵģ˵ȻҪӴΪ䣬һﵽһ֮ȴҲҪһӦḶ́ܿһضϱ۱Ҷֽ⵽֮еĸΪһ̣Ҷ㿪ʼˡ
һǿϢͻȻͷӿ룡Ǿ޴ݿһ̼ϯȫľʱΪǿͻȻֶһϣҶܺı
ˮ˲ĲҶľϵž죬ϵļҲʼŤţţǸоԼ궼Ҫ˺һ㡣
͡
ϵļոյĻָһȴٴεѿһźڻɫѪ۴汩
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͡
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һʵǿµĺܡ
һ߻ؿ˵
ԷȻȥ࣬ȴͦεĺܣޱȣϴһϵɱ֮Ѫ
ΧҲվźܶߣЩսѪĴɡ
ǵΪڲ༶Ͻ׵ΪϣǿĺܣƥĺܣǲսѪ֮Ϊǿɣػߡ
ս֮⣬ΪµĴڡ
Ȼֻȵ߰˶ѣЩһһŭǲĿֲȴսǿ
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ǿ˵ͷ˵
ս֮ϣžƺڵĺžƣһ˫Ŀ֮дڴɫǹϵĴ֮ϡ
ҶޱȵڴڴԼѪܹ֮һ˲õ
СӣǺڴܹɳһ£ʱҲͷˡ֮Уս૵ĵ
䡱
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Щۼ֯һ𣬶ΧסһӰ
Ӱ֮ϣ˷ļȡΧһ϶صķ˸ϣݻΪΪǿĺۼ
͡
һԿռ֮ϵͷţţӶ֮УĿռ֮ΧһѺۣЩѺÿһס
䡱
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ͬɿһ㣬£ǿΪ֮üѡ
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һɺ嫵شҶڿʼ߹ģʱҶѾϲޱȵĸоˣһεս֮УԼȻܵشȴҲõһ˲õĵزԼ༶½۷ٴεĳͻơ
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һֻ޴ӡʼ֣ȻһĿ֮ռ䶼޷ȥ谭Է
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ң
ںȾ֮еսɫ͵һѿĺ
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ȻͼʱѹҶ죬ǷǲҶɳȥ
𣡡
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Ȼֻһǿ߳֡
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2043 
쵰
ŭһȻĳһһȭһȭǲ񷶼ڰһ㣬˲ģޱߵƻʼɢǳֵǿѾѸٵɢ
˭Ѿӷŭˣ֪ݣһкҲҪŵù
ս
ȿѪɣħСħһѾǷϵˣ
֮У𽥵Ŀʼʧ
ȻԷѾѡ뿪
ۡ
ҶȻһڲѪѪȴźڻ֮ɫǸղŵһ֮Ȼɲȴ޷Ӱ쵽ҶĽ
͡
âȻˣҶ¶˿˿Ŀ֮ɫϴʱţһĪļᶨ
ʵ༶нף
ڴﵽˣҲ³һ
Ȼû˿Ӱ졭սﴫ˷ܺͼЦһ˵ѾһοЦˣʲôܹǵĴЦˡ
˵ĴЦ֮£ս漴ĶҶ˵

Ҷĵ˵ͷȻ뵽˳˯֮УҶȴҲʲô֪ģѾ֪һȺ˵ݡ
ѪĴǣԼսѪƿطΧ֮С
սܵ˿ûʵЦݺ;ϲɫҶҲһĿĺͼһһˡ
֮ͬˣЩΪԼõģսѪȻ࣬ȴ㹻סѪƾı˿ûʣûйĶǵ滷
໥ķ֣໥ĳְһѣȫ֡
ˣ˵սѪȻȻϡ٣ȴû˵ȥ۸ǣΪ̫Ŀ£̫Žˡ
ݼڡ
սһ֮УҶ칧˵
Ѫ֮սһ˿ڣȻѪѾޱȵĵˣҶȴѾսЩ㹻˵ˣ½ҶսѪ
޷ûôĹأЩ֮²Ҫ֣
ս𻺻س˵
ܿüȴ͵һ漴Ҷ졣
Ҷһʵڴﵽ˲༶н׵ĲΣԼȻûа취ȥ⣬ҲҶԽĸо˲ǿƥ
Ȼ༶Ͻնɱ٣Ų༶Ͻ۷ǿȴȫûʸȥԿҲҶڲ𼶵ǿԽ˽䱸
ǿ߸Ͳ༶Ͻײһεġ
ãȻﵽ˵ĳ̶ˣʵǿ󡭡
սһļʱķҶûܵ˿˺ĻһҶܵ˺ս˵Ҳ޷ȥڸǵʧġ
ǶսļƻҲĪĳͻĿҶһۣĿʼƻҶ쵱Լļ̳Ϊսһļ̳ػߡԼػˡ
༶н׵ʵڵΪٴεȥԸ༶Ͻ׵ǿߣֵҪķѶٵġ
սжϵ
Ҷٴεһû뵽սȻֻһ۱㽫Լʵжϵ߰˰ˡ
ǵģҶڵʵνǷǷĺܡ
ƴﵽٶεĳ̶ȣﵽ˲༶нףһ¥ϻķ棬Ѿﵽһ£㹻оԼڵʵӦЩ༶Ͻ׵ǿѾԭôıˡ
Ҫ͵ϮֶǷ籩֮ŭЧ㹻ˡ
Щڵĳ֣ڽҾȳһҪ군ˡ
ҶЦ˵
ǵģҶΪȻԿǲ༶Ͻ׵ǿߣǶԷʵ̫ˣԼΪҪȥ⼸ʮ༶ϽǿߣֿҲǶõǿػԼ
ⶼԼĹͣҲӵʧߣӵѪȻҲȥϮɱһͻ֮УȻٴεĳǿߵĳ֣ҿһȺԽķˡ
Ҷüͷ΢΢ƺŲСʡ
ʲôֱ˵ɣ޽ɡ
սõĻ˵
ڣҵ˽⣬֮УƺֻǰڣǸղͻƵʱ𣬻ѾˡĻƺǻûˣֻô𣿡

һЦս¶˿˿Ŀ֮ɫҶ죬͵ĺܡ
뷨ȷʵܲҲҪ
սĵ˵ͷ
ⲻ𼶵ǿߣȷʵôϡٵģĲȴֻǰ˸ˣΪǶȹԪٵĲ𣡡
˵ʱս¶һĨصɫ
Ԫ٣
ĸҶ¶һĨ֮ɫѾֹһˡ
ǵģԪ٣ϵĴѣŻǿѣ֮ĵһѡ
սıѵñ
ڵĺһھƣٴεĿ˵
Ԫ٣һԪһνѣ֮ﶼôڣһϵĴѣʵǲ֪ģֻǲΪԪǴɢģ
仰ʱҶ˫ĿùԲ¶޷ŵɫ
ʵƺΪǿĴˣ֮ȴʥ˼ΪҪӲٴεĽ뵽ʥ˼ľ֮УҪһδεĴѣѵݻ֮УԼΪȹߴ֮󣬱Ϊʥˡ
֮ⷬд˿˿Ĳʺơ
ʥ˼Ĵڣֻһ˵ǵĽȥɴţÿһԪһ֣֮޲ΪĪֻҲΪʲôǻΪԪĽһ㡭
Ҷĵ˵ͷڼԪҲվһ˿
ÿν뵽˼Ԫ֮ΪһոµĲϣѾȹμԪˣ˵ΪһĲǿҪֲǿô࣬ѱадڵĲǿߣЩ˸ûжȹԪ٣Ȼ㲻ǰ˴еһԱղųֵһȻҲ벻֮Уȴӷϡ
ҲǶȹԪٵ𣿡
Ҷ˫Ŀ𣬷˿˿âؿ˵
Ҷ첻ʲô̫ظ֮֮ˣ𵱳նɱҲɹˣҶǲŹϼһġ
ߣͼļһֻһСѣ㲻ͳֻǼ̳߶ѣȹһμԪپ͵˵ķӿǻˡСӣȵΪ뵽˲༶Ͻ֮󣬹ƿԺһˣʱĲҪȥֵϾСӵıһļһһ˯˶ϹȹĴμԪˡǸһ𣡡
ڣΪҲ޷κεǸصϼһ𣿡
ҶԼʡ
ȻӶһμԪ٣ȴҲ
սЦ
ٴεĽһ֮ҶҲ˽⵽еĺܶĻԼĸоˣеѾôļ򵥻ˡ
Ԫ٣ȻжһʵЩϹǣһĻʯǶȹߴμԪٵĲжôֲʵ


2044 ڹʥ
༶н׵ʵһ۷弶ʵһԾɣﵽ˲༶н׵۷徳磬еҪԭһϱֻۣһϱ۶ѣȴ˾춯صı仯󵽣ˣΪôﵽһô˵ĳ̶ȣ³Ϊ༶ϽҲδǲܵġ
аԵжš
ҶȴҲеĽ֮Ŀʼǿеˡ
˴ǿÿһǶȹ˼ԪٵĴڣÿһǻʯȻ𲢷ֻǣֻĲ࣬ͳġ
еĲӦò٣ڳһĲĻȻʤֻҪǶȹԪٵҾʸȥʶһ
Ԫ٣զ˵ֲ̫˵㣬һߴδ٣Ҷֱ޷󵽣ǶȹߴμԪ٣һֺεȿֲĴڡ
ҲǸʱ򣬾Ѿʥ˼ˮ׼ˡ
ʱԵģҶԵûΣգҲֻʱѣҶڵԼֻǿߣȴ㲻޵С
޵У
ԼҪȥﵽ硣
ʥ˼ǿߺԼ֮עսǸʱԼʵ¸ǶԷĶ֣Ҳ˵ʥ˼ǲ𼶵ǿߣԼ޷֮ԿûоԪٵĲԼҲȥͶԷһϸ£һǶȹԪֻһεĲԼûºͶԷа塣
ڵңʱĪĽҪֻнҵ֮Ҳȥǿ߽а塭ǴȴҲ
Ҷüͷ𽥵¶˵Ľ֮ɫ
Ѿ֮УڵԼѾûжٵʱˡ
ʥ˼ǿߣʱ̵ĶᷢѣʱеĴԪ֮Уκε඼ΪʳһĴڡ
ԼҲž޴飡
ˢ
Ҷ콫Լڡ
壬һҶĽԼһгȥ漴һεĽ
뵽˲༶н׵ľ֮ҶѵٶεĵزǾǧļӳ֣ǧһֲ
ӳһںһһʩչ֮ȭҶҪˡ
֮Уͬһһ㣬ϵͷųΪɲʱõһµɱ䣬ȡ˲ǿߵҶľڱҪǿˡ
˸ǹϵƣΪҶӳҶݻΪػӡǡ
֮Ĺ֡
һӰʱѾÿʼʵ廯ˣⲻΪҶĴڣΪҶѾΪʥ壬Ϊϵʥ塣
˸ҫʥ˸ʥӤ֮ϣһҫ֮ӵʥ
ΧС
ȸࡢ׻ࡢࡢ䷨࣬࣬໥ΧƣĪѹ
֮£һ̫ӡǻתǿĵһƽ⡣
һ̫ӡ֮УŴ֮мӳ֣š
Ҷȴĸоֻǿάϵƽ⣬Ϊȱһַ࣬⵹޷ӳ
Ŵķ࣬ҽĵ࣬࣬γкһĲ࣬ʱﵽһľ硭
˫Ŀϵ˸Ҷ쿪ʼڴܿҶٴҡҡͷʱ򻹲YYʱ򣬾ԼôȥõҲ֮ҲҪʱ䣬ڿ롣
֮ѾޱȵĴˣڸˡ
Ҷ콫ԼʵٴεĹһȻģһâȻĳҶ֮С
һɺ嫵Ĳ
ſɲĺۼΰϢʼ˸
ʲôҶɫȻһ漴ۣ֮˾İĹ⻪ʼ֮˸
͡
âѸٵȥ
ÿٶȡ
Ҷɫ΢䣬û뵽ԷȻ˵ٶȣҶ֮ȴҲǳصģת˲֮Ѿ˶ԷĶӣѸٵĽһʥѰҵˡ

һʥ˲䣬Ҷ̲ס¶һĨŹֵĸо
ȻǴڹʥ飡
һöڹʥ飬Ҷ½ʱõģԼƺûԷǵֻãҶȴ֣Էһö֮ԷͷųǿǱЩϵǿ߶ѷɫ
򵥡
Ҷ˫Ŀ΢΢
ಡ
΢ҶѾһ˵â
ڹʥУһöɫӣҶüͷ΢΢
һöӣȥǼ򵥣ȻȥԲĺܣ˿˿âһЩʯ˵Ҳˡ
ֻǴҲδǱǶԷȴһδεͷŹޱߵǵʱշǰһϵڵӵʱ򣬶ûܹٵѡ
һöӣԼƺǴûкĿһġ
ҶаԵĿЦѡ
һԼȻӷϣ֪ĻµһŭⰡڱ
Ǹεȥأ
ҶаԵ˼ţŬĽעϡ
ˡ
֮ȻһһȻı漴ٵİΧסҶĴڹʥ顣
ްӷ𡭡
һش
ƺ֮ܵѹƣƺǸоһ˿ƺǸоһ˿в֮еĲ
䡱
һɺ嫵Ȼıϵĵֿ
Ҳ
ҶһĶ£ɫȻһ䡣
ɺ嫵ȻĿˣϿʼ
ɺ嫵ܣһΪ֮һΪ֮
·Ҫһսһ㣬ʼս
үġ
ҶĽеԼȻǿᣬȻ£ȴҲɺܵĶ֡
ҡͣ
˫ֿٵתҶ쿪ʼӡǲϵĴͼƿһɺ嫵֮
ˡ
һ֣һϵĽɫģǷڵӡǡdӡǡ
ӡǳֳΧһжȾΪ˽ɫ
ҶıһӰĿʼ˳
ƺһϵĴӰ
ںƺûжٵĽɣҺ֮Եгģʱҵ֮ȴ
ҶıһĹŹְ
̬ǱǷڿĻԵĻᱻɴԼӵġ
㴿֮һˡ
Ȼ˵ҲϲڣȴҶҲų⣡
Ҷ컺ؿ˵


2045 ˲
䡱
֮ϱҶɷ൱ĿֲǴĺܣҹޱȵǣҶ쾹ȻоԼԷʱһֻȥȥ⣬ȻĲȥԼʲôӰ졣
ѵͷԵ
ҶϱޱȹŹ֣˵
Ǻܿȴ¶˿˿Ц
ϱҲǸ𰡡
㻰ֻһԳѣڵҶȥţڵҪԼҲˡ
֮·Ǹо֮֮ڿ⣬ΪΪǿѸٵһϵãٵĴ֮֮м䡣
Ŵ֮תҶĸо֮໥̬ڲϵļ٣ںϵģ
һҶһľϲ
ˡڹʥȻһͻأ֮䣬һɺ嫵ķඥһĿʼҶ֮
漴ݻΪһġ
棬Ƶһ㣬֮䣬ϵĿʼ
䡱Ҷͷһ𣬵ʱһɺ嫵ϢԺ֮С
ʲôǶôḻϢ֪ʶ򣡡
ҶʧĽе
ڹʥٵת漴ѣѵ˲䣬еĹ⻪ȻĿʼγɣ仯Ϊһӡǣһöĳ׵ںһ
һöĳףҶ֮У˸ϵĹ⻪һĪâϵķ΢΢£޵ͷźʹ
öϵڷߣһ㣬ƺһ
öϵǡذˡ
öϵֵ˲䣬ҶɫѾʼ仯
öϿֲ֣ǿ˵öϵִһ㣬һֲ࣬بŵĴڣϵĴڣ
ڹʥ顭ڣڲֵа
Ҷϴž֮ɫ˵

ҶȻ뵽һΰĴڣʵǿĴڣҶǰļ֮Уϵļ䡣
ʥ˼֮У׼ͽߣƿصڵԷҲڵĵߣھȻ𡭡˳ƺǲԾڷ𣬶Է֮߳ΪϵķҲΪΪԷĹϣǱЩʥ˼ǿ߶Ҫϵĺܡ
𣬶ԷңڵҸ֮ԷĹϿǷΪϵ֮һˡ
˽Էڵȴࡣ
һöڹʥ֮УһӡǣҲһģһŷԵķġ
ϢЩϢ㹻һǿ˲ĳΪһ
дǿ־Ҷȴȥ̳еϢӡ֮еϢȻǿᣬһԼ򵽵ĻڶԼһϯ֮أⲻԼҪĵ·
ԼССԿȥӰġ
û뵽оȻӡǣϵĴڣ׼ͽҪϣѵ˵һʵǴԪʱɣ
Ҷ¶һĨɵɫؿ˵
̫Ŀֲˣһ˵ĻԼ˵͵öڻ˵ǷһµʶˣԷĴڣѾﵽһޱȿֲĳ̶ˣ
ߡȻ˵Ҳŷ𣬵˵ȴҲһĪĺ¡о޴ޱȵķģҶ¶һĨϲɫ
һΰĴڣܴܿڹϵԪʱǿԱϵʥ˼ǿߣҶԿ϶һöϵķĵҲǷǱѰǿ
ֻӴϢ֮УҶȫû뵽ϢĴڣҲҶ찵Եĺ治ѡ
һεõĺôҲ٣ҶԼ֮ʼݻ˼£漴ע뵽֮С
˷·ϵʥһ㣬ž죬һ㣬ϵʱ㿪ʼ֡
һ˲䣬⼡ٴεǿ˼֡
ӴϢ˵Īá
Ҷ찵Եľϲѡ
ʱֻʩչҲԵ
֪֪ս˽⵽˷ĴڣҶ˵һõ飬Ҷ¶ҶӰҲú١
ƻ󣬲Ӧó֮Ϊڵǽһ˶Ȼ˶Լν˵ҪֲֻǴһϰϣȻϰ뵽Լ֮УΪԼˣ֮ȴһԷ˲ʱ̾Ͱյĺģ˶ɣֱһʰ
ѹǵزػ뿪ڣ˵ĸĵز˵Ȼһֺ¡
Ҷȴѡ΢΢һ漴Ľҫںϵ֮С
ѡʹã˵һ˵Īĺô
򣬿˵ʧ
֮ìԶһ˵꣬䲻ܿƣܵɲ˺
ڣҶ֮УֻǴ֮֮֮ڳ֮УϵӰֵжϣ곹׵Ĳ޷Լע
սʱ򣬶Ҷ˵ĪĺôЧ
ϾֹУǽıǼעԼֶΣȫĳ֣һҶ죬öγһ󵼣ӰԼжϣ޷γѵս̬

Ҷĸ̾һѣ漴ĿԼڲһ޴ķĿʼչ֮ڷš
ϴҶøǿ
ʥӤл˷Ƿĺô
˹ƻһ㣬е滹кܶģаӰ죬ӦñҪǿ󼸷֣Ҷ˵Ѿ㹻ˡ
һķģҶ㹻ӵ󲿷ֵķǿߵġ

Ҷ΢΢ʩչһ΢ĳռȥһ˲һֻݡ
ҶûʩչٵȴҲݸоһʹ࣬ȻķһĽ֮ޱȵԹ
Ҷ֮΢ݵı仯Ȼܿݵ֮ͫɢһ㯵ɫƺǶڸղŵԹ׵ʧˣ𽥵һֳ̬ƺҪԼȫҪ׳һ㡣
ֻһССķݶѣʵ༶½׶˵ҪĴ͵һȵʱ֮ҾͿԽˡ
Ҷ˫Ŀ˵ܹ˸γԼˣδزһõ顭
ս֮У֪ĳΪ˵˵£Էʵһޱȵ


2046 ս
ֶΣЩСѣӦûϣ
Ҷ˫Ŀƣ˸ޱߵĹ⻪ؿ˵
˫ֻشһâ漴ٴһչֳֵΧΧڲϵţΧĿռ䶼Ѹٵ𵴡
̫ȭ
Ҷû˿ʶһ㣬ֻڻشһȭ
꣬밺ף͵һٴεݻ׺һ㣬Ʈ˫ҶεȥʩչΧƵ޲һԲľߴ߶ȥޱߵٴεݻ׳Ϊһɲ񱮡
ʱҶѾȴʱ䣬ֻڲϵĹԼڵ
֮ǿֻ֮ǱϵĿɲǴһȻ֮УȻһ˵飬öԷӭʱȴҲڲ֪֮Ŀʼ˸ı䡣
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ոյ˲䣬Ȼģı֮Уһɺ嫵Ѿˣֲڷݻһ޴Ĺϴɽ䡣
ǿֱҪ˵񶼸ѵһ
Ѿ˲ûĹϴɽսܺݺݵһڿˮǺɱԼϣһȭ㹻ĽԼ
ܵƻ󣬶ִʥȭ⣬ƥƽȭСĵһֺεȿɲȭǺɱӵϣǻ÷ϵ
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һĪʵ
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Ҷ컺Լ˫Ŀ磬˸ϣ¶ն°Ĺ⻪ʼͷų֮д˿˿Ļɽ趯
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սܣҶ̲סһ٣ٴεĿŶԷһԹģ䲻Ĵһ£ҶǻۣȻĿԲ²⵽з顣
ȻսܼԼʱԼսһһүǣȻԼ¶ԹɫʵЩԲˡ
ѾģղʩչʲôȭԼİɣ
ս̲סٴνе˳ҶԼ򵽵ģʵֲ̫ˡ
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սܶʱܴĿҶ죬þõ޷


2047 ļ
սһԹ֮УҶɱӴܣʵ̫ˣһĴ󺺶ԼʩչԹĹâֱһԹһ㣬ʵҶܲ˶Է
ȭǿ󣬲ôĸӣڶȭڵȭѾ뵽һ֮УҪٴεͻȻǲ̫ˣĪĻԵſٴεȥܹһȭˣҲѾʮֵĺˡ
̫ʮѪؿ˵
ҾڵʵȷʵѾ֮һƿˡ
Ҷĵ˵ͷ˵
ҶΨһһĸоָоܲӦȴû˿İ취ڵҶ죬ʵȻǿ󣬵ȴʧȥķͷ·Լڽ뵽۷֮УȥĻҪĶʵ̫ˡ
ǵģڵĳ̶˵ĻȷʵѾﵽһƿڵȴҲûжٵĻģֻҪѰҵĳЩϵı㹻ΪģȻЩ٣ǾҲǿߵУҲһᣬһ㣬ҪȥѰҵĵʱ䣬ԽĽˣץʱ䡭
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ȻʱԭҲʼòˡ
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һȷʵˣһʱе޲ʼĬǹؼ
ʵϵȥԼڵľ磬ﵽ˲ʱǾͿԺǿĴһս֮ˣ飬취Уôڶȥ˵ʱ֮ȵǳֵʱ򣬸ǵʱ֮ŵ㹻ĽȫĵΪ༶ǿߣսһǿߣ㹻ʶ򣡡
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Ҷ΢΢һʱ뵽ˣèԭˣǱӡǿߣǵ̲֮ص죬ǿֻԭȫʢʱڵ֮һѣ˵ѰҵǵҲһ
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սҲóʩչϸǿ޵УҶԤϡ

Ĳҽ֮дݳսһǿǷ׷׵ҡͷѡ
սܣϸǴһ˿Źֵɫ
ļһﰡ˭ãȴƫƫȥԿⲻ𣿡
Ѿ飬ôôôһֵĿģⲻǿģֻ
뵽ԼҶôңһȭĽ֣㱻ҶŵˣսǽһưڣҶڵҵ˱ȥսεĲȥ˷ܺͿİ
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սҡ¶һĨصɫΪ⼸˵еϴ˵սҡΪǿ󣬸ӿֲһǳףʥ
㲻Ͽ֮࣬У֮޲̲ÿһļ֮ϣЩϵĻߣǸֽһ㣬ȥ˸оļµĺܡ
ʱѣսҡһֱɫҲʼԽľ档
ÿµĽٶȣ
սҡ
Ȼûн뵽֮УȴҲƾſֲʵȴо֮еľʱŶ̶̵ʱѣҶȴȴѾﵽһǷĵزˡ
սȻûʩչȫҶȻÿζڰڱŹ򣬵һжڸıš
ȣսȻûʩչԼȫʩչȴڲϵǿţʩչѾﵽĳɶĳ̶ˡ
ĳɶడӽɵʵһˡ
սʲôˣ𼶵һȹμԪٵǿʩչ㹻ɱһĲˡ
Ҷȴֲ֮£ֿס˶Էĳ֣⼸յʱ֮УҶԭİŰ֮Уﵽ˳ĳ̶ȡ

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һ޴Ļ󣬸ƣֳսǹ˸ÿһƶͬһǵһ㣬޵ͨߣƣȥΪ֮Ƿ
ս󡭡ÿɲƣ
սܵ˵ɫȻһ䡣
ս΢΢һʧ
еսһÿһǿ߶뼤ս̳һĴУÿһǿߵս󶼲һġ
սҡսǶĴˣǺҶһȽȴ̫ˣԷϳ䳹ɱ⣬ǿŤתǬı񷣬սǹʩչﵽ˼£ѸٵĴﵽһ˾ĳ̶ȣֻǿһսȴԸоԼÿһϸڷı

Ҷ֮УڵĴϢţϣϣ޲˺ۣˮϵⶼҪʼ鴤ˡ
ԿһȹμԪٵǿߣȻ˵ĳҲҶսʵԽĳԾ
ΪʱսֻʩչԼûжöٵ˵ʩչĻ㹻Ҷ쵹ء
ܺãû뵽ǱȻôĿֲ㹻ĵֿסĳɵȭʥˡ
սĵ˵ͷؿ˵
ڵʵ̫ľˣ˵Ļ²ҪɵͿɽҸѹ
ҶڵĴϢţЦ˵
ҪԷƱˣʵӺ⣬ӿʼʱֻǵֿɲڴﵽϣ޵ĽӽĳңңûʩչȫҲδƴľģ˵ҲûжȫһȫĻǾһˡ
Ҷĵ˵ͷ
սһһϵѪеʱ޵ƾˣȻǵڣȴҲǵһѪѪǴӹϵԪʱͳֹֻӷӳΪĿֲѡǿģڵӵĴѾȫĹˣӿĳƴԼĿģʲôӶ֧㡭סսһˣޱȵŽᣬͬһʯһļӲ
˭۸սһκεһˣҲöԷ֪ǵ
֮У޵İԺյ磬ݵޱңԶ˸оһֿɲɱ֮
ǡлڣ
ҶмĿս𣬳˵
û˿ɵ֧һˣҪ޵İ־
ž죬Ҷȭս֮֮һεĽ֮УѾ·ǽ뵽һ޴Ķ¯֮һ㣬Ϊһ壬ڵҶ֮ǰӵǿ󡭡


2048 ֮
̹ǣ
ѩأ
һƬ޾磬˺Ǳ˪
¶ȴ̹ǵ䣬ΧĲϴʼγһ磬صţƻΧһС
ۿȥһƬռޱһƬİһ㡣
ɫʰ쵵Ĺ⻪ջ˸˱棬һĨ˵ĹȻյĹûдٵů⣬ǰ쵵Ĺ⻪Χһֵ͡
̣ȴһ˿˿С
һɫֲﻺչԼ֦ҶЩֲ￴ȥһ㣬̵ض죬һϢȻĺܡ
ǱݣһֳڱʱڵֲڱԵ˵ֲΪĵҩĪͺô
һֻԼȭͷСﻺش˱㿪ʼ̽ԴСģȥһһ˫Ŀ֮ȴ˿˿âаĺܣ·ǵĶħһ㣬⺮̹ǵĿռ֮У˲
͡һɲӰȻĿʼ漴ݻΪһӰ⣬߲еĳ֣Ȼһţһ̣ѾʧһƬѪ

֨֨
ƺǸǿˣһŲҲشԭ֣һƬȾĶһĨů⡣
һӰȥһĨӣ⺮֮ȴȻͦ˿û⺮ѹȡ
һɽǿƻش֮ͷţΪ֮Ϊ֮
ѩɫĳ趯һɺ⺮Ŀռ֮ķ̴ͬյһ㣬ȻΧޱߣȴ·ǱɿɲâĴ̴һ㣬û˿谭

Ҷ³һ¶һĨȵɫ˫Ŀ΢΢ܣȻ͵õѶϢһСĿɱ
ౡ
һݳ
ֻһֻƤİɫСһҶĻ˳Сϻմһ˿ɺ졣
ⲻС׻˭
ƤСһﰡҲ֪ɾ͡СףҶͳһֽǣ˫Ŀ¶ܵģ
뵽˸ղС׵ĶȻĳ֣˲˲谭һת۵ʱ֮⣬ȥ򵥣ȴһֿɲĿռ䷨
С׵Ѿȷˣħ֮ߵĺ
Ϊ༶ǿߵĺⱾӦǿĺܣڼСһĳɳ֮ҶȴΪĴ
ռ䷨Ҷ쾭ôŴﵽ˵ĳ̶ȣ˿ռ䷨Сһƽʱ˳Ծ棬ȴһת۵ʱ˿ռ䷨پҶ첻ȥϣȴǲò˵Ǽʡ
ռ䷨֮⣬Сһﻹı£ЩҶ춼о֮УȴɷϵǣС׵ǱģԷпܳɳΪһ˲õ

Ʊ֣Ҷ˼ϣǰһƬ֩һĹѺۼ
ˮشͷųһ˲ʱ̣ԲķΧ·Ǿһɲһ㣬ȻĹеĺˮȻĿʼ˳ı㡣
ﾹȻһƬ򣬶Ǳסĺ
ı仯Ҷڵ¶һĨȷı飺
֮أȻˡ
֮أҶһҪѰҵĿ֮һ
Ϊ֮Ϊĵط֮һ֮صĺܣӳ־ޱȵĺ䣬ĪѰ֮Ǵﲻ۷徳磬ûа취ȥĺ˲ʱ̽һ˵׵ıסһ⡣
ݵӡ˵Ӧôһ
Ҷ૵ĵ
ΪƿߣΪۣϵĴڣҶѾ𽥵ĿʼյǱΰ
˶յǱ֮ҶڵĸоԼʵõ˹̣ĿʼоԼõһεоҲԼһԼĸоʮλãȻ˵޷ȷеĹƵλãȴǿԴеĴ塣
ҶоŵϢ
ĺȻǺܴ󣬵ȴһɿɲĺ⣬Ѱ˵ֱһĥҺ䷨࣬Զȥ뵽
Ҷ˫Ŀ΢΢Ȼһ漴ĳⱻΧסĺȥ
䡱
һȭһҶֱӵĴ˽ȥ

ˮ֮ٵĳ֡
һ̣Ҷɫȴ͵һ䡣
ˮ֮ͻ֮㹻ӦػǾˣҶһ뵽ڲ˲䣬ȴȻĸоصǿĺ⡣
̹ǣͬâԼϴһ㣬ҶоԼΧĻž졣
ҶǿеĽԼȫĽˮ֮ʼΧΧӺ⡣
Ҷˮ֮㹻ƿǿĺ⣬ԽǺ䣬ԽĿǿǿ㹻Լ˿ʼٴεĴһ
ʱ䣬ÿһÿһ룬ڵҶ˵൱ؼģʱ䲻ˣҪȥϵĴԼԼʵٵ
ȡ
ݻ֮Ҷ֮ۿٵĳɨ䣬ѸٵİռΧԲʮĿռ䡣
ˮ֮ɲĺܣҶ첻ҴˣȻʵԶɰǧĿռ䣬ΪܹѰҵϸһ㣬ȥ̽

һ񱩵޺ͻȻչ
һ޺Ҷɫ΢΢һ
ʼĲ²ȷģȷʵĳǿŭҲŲ༶н׵ĳ̶ˡ
ҶԷǸˮݳģԵʵ»ٴεĹ㲻١
֪ʲô
Ҷ΢΢һٵѰ˹ȥһ磬ԽףķϿʼȥ
͡
Լǰ˰׵·֮һıâͻȻĴǰ洫ݳ
죡
ܿ죡
Ҷ˫Ŀ͵һƿٵĻצǰ濪ʼ˺ѹȥ
һֻȻ˵ķ𡭡
ˮȻͬǻ˹һ㣬Ҷצ˺֮£Ȼһ޴ǰٵȥ
顱
һıâһƬ顣
һŭ˳һ˲䣬ҶǰѾһ޴
һһִޱȣǾ޴ˮ״֣ɫĹâһ˫ĿҲűɫ̬һɺ嫵Ͽٵ
ûǣֻǵһҰ޵ıܣ
˶Է۾Ҷ΢΢һ㶣û뵽һﾹȻû˿ǣһû˿峺˫Ŀǵĺܣһ۱Զһֻû˿ǵ
顱Ҷ͵ĻӶȥֱӵĻ˶Է
ۡѪɣٵմȾȥһҶڵֶΣȻĲҪöٵͿԸ㶨Է
ʲôҶ콫䳹׵ѵʱһ۵ɫâҶǰ΢ҶֽҶ컹ҪϸϸѰһʱͻȻһ޼ɵȴ⺣Ͽձ˳


2049 г𱨳
ˣ
Ҷɫ΢΢һһϢ
޼ɵͷųԼƣһʵǿûй˼ɡ
ϢƺЩϤ
Ҷ˫Ŀ΢΢һ漴Ŀ˵
֮УܹҸоϤϢ࡭ǾУǴ󲿷ֵҲǵˣ
Ҷ˫Ŀ΢΢һϢشͷ˳ϢΪ֮ļ£һĨ⣬ޱȵı䡣
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һâͷųҶٵһ٣漴ʧԭһϢʼ߹ȥ
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ڲһε֮ͷų޼ɵͷţ·±˲֪Լһ㡣
һӰӰֳһͦεģݿһֵЦ⣬ŵЦ֮ûжٵͣȴһĸ߰
£һ޴ޱɿ̤һ޴ɽһ㣬ΧĿռŶԷ̤ڷı
һףÿһŶÿһ䶼һĴɽһ㣬ɲĺܡ
һףһ㣬˸ƣǿƿһĿɲ
껣
˾Ȼ껣
һﾹȻҲ
ʱѪڲѣһѪ˿ǿȴԿһһѪֱķƶ޷ȥڸסһѪ
һ޴ꪣ
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µޣһī룬֮еһ֣ʵԺ񷣬һһ֮䶼ԿһĹ⻪ĺڲϵıơ
īѪǿϢȷʵǲĺܡ
֮𣿾ˣֻҪǵõһĻҾͿԵµĻԻͣԼʵٴεһǴǿΪ
껵¶һĨ֮ɫﻺؿ˵
һΣȫװϵ׶򵥣㹻Ŀĳⱱ֮صӡ
ܹһ༶Ͻ׵ǿ˵ĴҲ˵ˣط϶Ų˼ǿ֮
䡱
Ȼһ٣껵ɫʼĳѸٵĳУϴŽ䱸֮ɫؿǰ
Ʊ⻪˸ǽѾγ˱ɫˮ֮˸˹Ĺ
䣬ұ䣡
ȴ⺮ı䣬һԱ𺮱һ򱶵˫
һʮĹ⻪û˿ϢϢǿһһĿԼ
껵ĶҪʼһĿ˶Էģ֮껵ɫѾޱȵѿ
΢΢һҧгݵĵ
Ҷ졭Ȼ㣡
ѩ趯ɺ˸˲Ҷ컹˭
Ҷ쿴Ŵˣ˿˿⣬һҶ컹ĺܰƹԼʮ༶Ͻǿߵĳ֣о껵ӰֻһﵽȻʧˡ
ûкҶ콻ֱʧˣҲΪһҶҪ׵˰ɡ
Ҷ죬һԱޱȵ껵ڷ顣
̬
Լôһء
껵жڵѪĺܣ֪ԼôôĵùȻһһҶ쵱飬ȷʵʮþȵġ
ϾʮĲ༶Ͻǿߣ˶ҿһֶŲȥȴû뵽ǣҶ첻ǳȥˣǻûնɱʮ༶Ͻ׵ǿߡ
ֲսҪˡ
ģһһΪʲôѵ˵Ҳ֪ﲻɣ
Ҷ죬껵ޱȵ塣
ңû뵽ɡ
Ҷ쵭Ц
ǰ껣ʵԭ˲٣ʱ俴ŬҶ˵ȴ㲻ʲôڵҶ죬ǲ༶н׵۷徳ˡ
ֻǲ༶½۷Ϊ㹻ķŵôϽǿߣڸӲڻ£˵𼶵ǿߣĻҶ춼ġ
ȷʵû뵽Ȼ㡭
껵ĺ
𡭡
µīȻһŭ𣬾ȻٵĳҶȥһ֮ȴűɫ
Ϊʱ껾Ȼѡ˿񱼶ȥȥս
ˣҶıΪĹŹ֣뵽˺ܶĶȴҲԵḶ́ȴҲԵû뵽껾Ȼѡսˡ
ֱǶԲݣǴȥĻ˶һֵ֮ġ
顱
ҶһȭӶٵĻīԴһȭ̲֮صޱȣ˸սս˶յڵսֶαԭǿ

һĲҽ֣һīʱըһ˫ĿĵùԲ
ѷ
ҶĴѷٵʩչԷѪȫ飬뵽˵֮УﵭЦ
һӣǧĲҪȥˡ
ȻīޱȵıҶȴû˿ͬǾԼﾺ棬ôϿᡣ
ģģһΪʲô
껵˸⻪ٵĿ񱼣ʱ͵˺ܶ࣬˿ĲȥͷųԼ˿ϢҶӣùޱȵĵù
䡱
޴ʼݳҶٵĿ񱼣϶һĹ֡
ȻٶѾﵽһµĵزˡ

ŭһ껵Ѿ׵Ҷ죬㲻Ҫ̫
Ҷû˿ǻشȴһȭӡ
֮ȭķƶ־ʮأȻѹͬһϵ̫ɽһ㣬ޱߵ

ŭһϵļһɺ嫵Ѹٵչ˳
ҡã
䡱
ոյĳ֣ոյķһ˲䣬ȭӡȴѾֱӽ˿ûͣЪٴαޱߵ֮£껵Ĵ֮£
һȭѣȻԭôࡣ
ֻǸоԼͬǴݿһıɢһ˲ȴѾֱӵıȥϵľʹ˳
ۡ
һѪҪλһ㡣
䡱
һɺ嫵ٴεĳ֣껵ɫ䣬ҶǴҪϾɱһһӣһ׵׵ķӣ
쵰Ҷ飡
һֱװһ̬껣ʱҲ޷ȥˣŭٵƿ˴أͼȥ
顱
һ˲䣬һɾ޴ȭٴƵضȥȻû˿ԥٴεĺɱ껵֮ϣ̬ƵҪѪҪˡ
Ǻεȵ谡
Ҷ졭㲻Ҫ̫ǲĺˣѪɱҶû˿ĺô
ŭ
ǻشȴһǿȭ⣬֮Уһݳ
𡭡ҵ


2050 ֮
ۡ
ѪƵҪˣõһ༶Ͻǿߣ߸ϵĸ֣ҶССĲ༶нΪļһȻû˿ķ֮
ȼϿĲһ
һȼĲôܲô
ʮ
͵ĻӶһ񳱰껾ȻѡҪƴˡ
еꪻһĺۼһﲻǲ༶Ͻ׵ǿߣȻղűҶŰĺȴǿ˷ָǿնҪԲ֮УһƬɽ̬
һƵâ˸ȻϱâޱȣҶ춼оһֵĺ⡣
ô£һâ֮оȻҸовֱǲ˼ı֣Ҷڵǹϵ֮ĴڣѰĲȥɺġ
һƵâȥ΢ȴ˲˼ĳ̶ȡ

ԭȻĳ֡
֮д޷Ƶľϲ֮ɫ͵ĺ
ץסСӣƤ쵰Ȼʦ񽣣
ݳҶ䶼ʼ죬һ³֣ҶʶĶҪˡ
ðһеʱܲǰкҶҧгݵĺ
䡱
һâ壬ֲӰֱӵĺɱҶϣҶĴ˳ȥ
¡¡
ֲҶٵĺɱ˼£Χı㶼ɲĺۼɲıޱߵƻ
ʧ̬ʧ̬ˣ
ԭٴδָԭı䡣
ڵҶȴѾȫӵֱ䣬ѾļֱǸɧļһǸղŵֱǼԼŮһ㣬ʼߵˡ
죡
ҶûĿ
ղŵһâȻ̴Լ˵ǿ󼸷ֵĻĻԼ군ġ
Һã껵һﻹûȫֱ£ĻԼҪԴˡ
찡һҪССӵһɽ⣬ɽʦϲŻֵġиղŵһСӾȻʩչһ˿ɼһѾղ˺һʱˡ
ԭٴεĴֻҶļƤҪˣһƽģû뵽һȴҶΪĲӦˣҸо൱顣
⣿
Ҷ˫Ŀ΢΢һٴεĿ˵
ǵģһƵâǷһĽ⣬ļһȻʦ񽣣ҶȻ뵽ˣԭԼеõһ񽣣ǻںܾúܾǰˣԼΪ춼㲻ϵʱõģΪ̫ľԶԼǽȴˡ
ȴоˣɽȷʵһֵϤУâʮ㣬ޱȵĿֲղԼǿ󣬻κεһ༶Ͻ׵ǿߣ
˵һܽһϣ
Ҷ˫Ŀ΢΢껵ʵ
һϿ϶ŵģĻμԭ֮дһֵŲƺǷԼʦƷ֮á
Ҷĵ˵ͷû˵˫Ŀ֮ȴʼԭʦȻ˵һûеָҶȴҲԲ²Ӧþʥ˼ǿߣӡ֮еͨʥˣ
ͨʥ˵ıı֮
Ҳ޵еģ
껵΢΢һϴһɱ֮ؿ˵
¶һĨѪһɹɵĽڲϵĴÿһεĴ󶼻Ĳ֡
ԵģһʩչѾܵķΧЩȥƿأѪʵģǴһַɵ֮С
ΪղŴңͿ޼ɵ𣿡
Ҷϴ˿˿Цؿ˵
ˡ
͵ĻӶ껵¶һĨЦݣؿ˵
Ҷ죬һɣڵ㣬ʩչɱУһǻɱ㣬ǾֱĨˣʶһɣ
ಡ
еȻһޱȵĻһۼͬһǳһ㣬ž޴Ĺ⻪ҶϮɱ
⻪һѵĿռۼģһϵޱȡ
滹һƵĽޱȣ㹻ĽⷽԲ׵ķΧȫѹȥ
ʥ˼ıϾѾ㹻ҶΪ֮ˣ⻹ǶԷûзӳǰ¡
һķӳĻĽǿıͿԽԼնɱ
֮ȭȭ
ҶȭȥȻı
ûѡ˲һǲⲻĽһ棬֮ȭѾ뵽۷֮УԷһС
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һ˲棬Ǻӵת޾ҫ˸˸ڱ
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䡱
ѸٵײһꪹȻҶȭ⡢ȭӡ֮󣬳׵ıһ֮Ļ˷ĩ

һĺȴʱȻĳˣ̹ǵĺȫҶɫ΢΢һ䣬Ҳû룬߲ٵıߡ
ʱ߲һ㣬ֻ˲֮⡣
͡
һģʮ׵ĺۼٵ죬Ҷ첻ϵĶǵϵĺۼ̵ĺܣͬǱǵնϵһ㡣
ǣ
ǰڷ񱩶껣Ҷɫһ
һâ˸ĳС
ⳤ˿˿ƣ϶ʥµĺܣ޷
ֺ嫵ȴ㹻޷ȥӵ
ȻûʩչǷԲʮ֮Уһɺ嫵ĽȴȫĴɫ֮ͷų
˸оޱȵļ¡
ʥ˼ı
вʥ˼㹻ĺɱһеģ㲻ʥ˼ǲ𼶵ǿ֣߳Ժһ
ұôõʱˣû뵽ڽվҪʩչˣ
껵ϴޱԹɫؿ˵
С⽣ȻһʵɵʩչȴԵ˺㡣
ԭﻺؿ˵
շ𣿡Գ£һλ㹻շԷϾҵһˡ
ԭ֮дһĨš
ˡ
Ȼһ͵һٵĴ߶ʱȴˣ껵ȴޱȵĲҽ
ϵĽʼ֮ͷų
ô£
Ҷɫ΢䣬Ѿ껣Ƿɣ̫̫Ŀ˵㡣
ϡ
һȻ˾һ㣬ٵĻһ޴ĺۼ
ʣ񽣵Ľʣ
ԭͻȻ˫Ŀһâתȵ
Ȼոյ£һĦʼ֣һٵĳ껳˹ȥ


2051 ϸ
ˣĽ޾һƺƵ֮һʮ죡
⽣ǿͿҶ춼üͷֻûʹ³ֵģĽ⿪˶ԷƣǱǿʩչеöôĿɲ
û֪ҶҲ嫵
ȴԸоɫ֮Уһǿķӡһ㣬˵Է޷ԼǿĽ
ɲĽ⿪ʼ껣ʱͬǱһ㣬ϵĻ˵﷢Ĳҽ
ɽʵ̫ɲˣϳĪĽڵȥܵģǲ𼶵ǿ߶ûȥ˿񱩵Ľ
һ̣
ҶһЦ漴ȭͷ£ݻ죬һȭʹ֮£ңԿݣ
֮ȭ
һȭĴضڱ¶ڲҡҡ׹ǸտԿǳ׹䡣
εǿһȭز˵ĸı䡣
嫵ȭ⣬Եʮ֮аΧס껵
ֲŰȭ껵ɫʼʱڵֿǿֲĽϾ˼Ҷȭ⡣
ɲȭоϢһıУԻʱ·һ
һΣΪѰⳤĽʣȴû뵽ȻҶ̬ò˵̫ˡ
ҲţبźǿߣҲܹܹӰװ׵ȥˣ
껵һɲŭһƬɽӣǿ̬Ҷ춼һľ껹ȻǸ˲ţʱˣȻûзе־ɼһߡ
ŶԷչȥҲһϵǿߡ
ʱҶûʱȥͶԷ߶
͡
ǿɲȭȻ˲䣬ǿеʩչеĽʼӶײһ
顱
ȭԽȭӭŽ⣬߷ıŷȥҶٴα˳ȥʵ޷κһ񽣡
Ҳò˶٣ǱղŸӵңԭѾ˴ʱ̣ʱٴǿеʩչ񽣣˿Σʹʮ㡣

֮ȭٴεʩչ
ȭ
ȭԵһӰӳȭӡ֮ϣϡԿһ޴ȭͷγʵʣͬһǳһ㣬޵С
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⻪ƽޱߵһȭӡĿɲղǿʮ
Ҷ졭㲻ú
껵﷢ĲҽҶֱҪȵ˼·ɰʱǽһڰԼһﰡ
ǴʱʼǸҦҸˣǣԼΪʲôǵ̬ļһﰡңһõĲǿߣΪ֮һȻûи㶨һССҶ졣
ޣ
ް
䡱
޴ȭ⣬һȻĿʼݻΪһ̫ɽĺۼʼ֡
ߡ
һߴݳȻ䣬֮Уһۼ֡
һƵݻ޵Ϣ
𼶵ϢȻıϢ񱩣ͬһϵĴһ㣬ʼ֡
䡭
һ춯صıƳ֣һ޴Ļƴ֮߳У޴βݺݵسҶȭӡϾɱ˹ȥ
顱
һ춯صıռ䶼һҡΣҶɫ쳣΢΢һ٣̤㣬ĵҶǿеĶסԼ
˫Ŀһߣϵıޱȵ
·ϣȻ˳ˡ
Ѫ
һЦݳ֮ƺǴ˿˿ľϲ֮ɫ
ֻһ͵建س֣ԷҡҷǷеĿҶһ㣬һָϢ
һޱȵϸˣϵѪѾɥʧ˴룬ǲָϢһּ̬ˡ
һ߰Ĺȣ˿˿İɫۼǾبµѪһ㣬а졣
ͷϵļëƮţһ˫Ŀͫһ䣬ĳ֣ռ䶼һа
΢΢һҶ˫Ŀϸˣһ༶Ͻ׵ǿߣֻǱ껻Ҫǿ󣬵սܵʵˣֻѪϵĲȴҲʵʹɢܶࡣ
ϸϸˣ껵ɫȻ䣬Ȼϸޱȵļɵ
Ҷ˫ĿҲ͵һ٣ȥ϶Ҳӡ󣬶һĺļһ
ԷʵȻֻв༶Ͻ׵ǿߣǾЩѰĲ𶼲ȥǶԷΪһʵ̫аˡ
пᡢаȴǿĺܣ˴ˣǻϱ·һ
ϸ˿ƺ˲С鷳Ѫ
ϸϴŹЦݣؿ˵Էϣӿȥޱȶģһֱεģ
ߡ
ϸղų֣Ҳ֪ԷԼһȻһûжٵĺøУȴҲûе˵ʲô
ֻɫϱЩѿ
껣ϸƺǸղžѣϸϴ˿˿ĹЦؿ˵
ȷʵңģһǷ飬Ժص
ϸһ٣ϢٴεĻͷųеĹȸǷ˻ϸϸĿȥȻԷȾȻһŵߣһͫʱѾݻĺۼ
ϸ˴ŷκεĳֻǰ棬껣ϸ˿һԸĻСӣϸ˿԰
껾֪̬ŮûģһˣԵɺµõ֮һֱǿɱﵣһڵĿ϶ⳤĽԭҪ񽣺ͽ໥ںһ
ȴû뵽Ҷ죬ϸһš
ϸҵӦ֪˼֪ңһܸмģⳤʱڱ֮ǱˣҵƱػӰġ
Ȼȥ˵ѣڣ𲽵ѹסⳤķɣһ˿ѹƵģ
껣ϸǰ棬ĶϸûʲôȤģһԸᣬǾͷǲԸĻϸ˲Ŀ㱻նɱȻȥɱǸСӣ
֮д˿˿ȴޱȡ
Ȼ⻰ҲĴ̴껵ģɫȻޱѿ࣡


2052 ȣ
ŮˣвԼû˿ڸǵв
˿˿껵ͷų֮ӣȻֻǷ֮Ѫģһݳɾ;ֱϵѪȥԺĳɾ޿ģ㻷֮£˭˵˷ȥвԼ
Ҷ죬˭ܹ˵Ǳ
ƱˣʱǲӦĻܿĻᱻҶնɱģģ쵰
ȭͷݺݵһϵı鲻ϵıš
ڵģһؿ˵
ܹҶնɱһΣҾ͸㣡
ˬ죡
ϸ¶һĨֵӵСı飬е߹ȶһ
⵹ǶԷ԰ţ
Լʵޱţ
Ҷ¶һĨء
ϸҶҲŵģŮһĺ٣ĺкܶ࣬ȴûһôݡ
ԷϣһߵӰϵţɲѹ֮оȻһֲϢ
һӰȻϸ˱ҪǿⱾǲģҶȴ֪ԭ
ղԼȭӡǱһӰġ
ճ˵ǲܵģһߵӰȴ򵥣Ϊһݻġ
ϸʵȻǲ𼶵ǿߣȴһ𼶵ɷ򣬶Էһ
ʵΪ֮УʵǴһУ㣬ϸȴֶΣԷȻԵߵǿΪκε顣
ȴǲ֪ŮĺΪʵԲֶΡ
ΪԼʵԷȻһǿĹؼʱ̽͵ϮһþֶΡ
Ȼǳɹˡ
һ𺬺޶ȴΪݶģϸȻⲻΪһӰ
ΪԼɱһʱ䣬ϸΪΪ֮ĺޱȣֶΣ˵ķʽʵļµĺܡ
ϸҲܵԼӦеĳͽ䣬ؼĺܣȻⲻˣҲʧȥԭ޵ģΪڵ̬ĳ֮Ϊϸ
ѿģϵȴǲ֪һﵽǵõĶ໹ʧȥĶࡣ
СӡһΣǴԲأϸԳ֣ȻΪϸ˵ĳ
Ҷ죬ϸ˵¶һĨЦݡ
𣿡
ϸҶ쵭Ц
һ˿˿аĻߡ
Կ
ಡ
е߹Ȼĳ֣ҶԶһȳ֮ȴٵӳȥ˲֮У߹ȾȻٵ죬ﵽ׵ĳȣһһ㣬ٵ
ռ䷢ƵΪٶȹ֮ﵽ
˻˻˻
߹Ȼ˻ȻݻΪһߣſѪٵĳҶɹȥ
ϸһﻹһߵĶ
ҶаԵһݲ䣬ٵĳȭ
֮ȭ
֣֮
޴ӡݻ죬°ӡѸٵɣһΰĺۼĪκε޷ȥеϺҫ
顱
һֺֻݺݵץסߵԴ·Ǵһ㣬ĺܣĺܡ

ϸû뵽Լ߹˵ĵ꣬Ҷ쾹ȻҲץסʱ¶һĨľ֮ɫܿȴٴεʩչԼ֮УӡǿʼֳһĴӰÿһ𶼴ǿҵĸϢ
顱
Ҷ֮ǿ˶ԷԴ
һ̣ĺӰȴ˹ȥ
Ƶ߲һĹӿÿһŷǱѰͱٲȻһߵ磬ӿɲЩߵľʮ㣬ҪֲǴŵĸϢļµĺܣһմȾ˿ºǲġ
ߡ
Ҷһ˿ûЩҪ˵˫ƾľ㹻ӵһеġ
̤գռȻһâȭͷӶƵӰȻͷ˳һıߣΧȥ
磡
Ҷҫ˸м䣬һ֮ƿһУһС

ڣƣ߳ϵâ
һâ£ǿնڲ˸

ĳ֣ЩǿʼˣЩϸɱǿģϻһԵģʱо֮УӡǺϢʧȥԭ硣
ôᡭȻеֶΣ
ҶֵӰһƬҫ̬ϸϻ¶һĨۼɱ⣬Ŀ˵
ȴû˿Ľ֮ɫڵҲǸոյѣҶû⣬ɱ¾ôĲ༶ϽǿߣһССĲ༶н۷СҲҪͼ죡
ҡƣ
ӰٴηڣȻٵŤݻٵɹȥղŵֲһƺǿģ
һ˲䣬ҶȭͷȴݺݵغɱһĹ⻪˸ռ䷨ʩչ
͵ĳϸǰ
֪Ķ
ɲȭӡӿ˳ϸߵһӰȴȻһһϮɱһȥ
һɺƥһӰȻҶȭޱǿᣬȴҲûκζԷ
Ӱ͵һĿɲȻҶΧӰ˲Ļޡ
Ҳҷ
ָһٵ˸һ̣һӡͬһ㣬ȻĴȥֱӵĶҶĻؿڴȥ
͡
ӯӯĹ⻪͵ĴҶͷųһ̣ҶȴѾϸı
߷ɿĽ֣һδεĽ֮Уѧʼʩչһɫϵľޱ䣬ǿĳҶղźԼֵʱûʩչȫҶֱǸǲ𼶵Ӱ˵ķ
ͬʱһɼ֮ȴٴεĳ֣
Ҷ죬һΣ

ҶĿռ䷨ٴεһҶ֮ȭҲѸٵĻӶȥУ
ȭͷ֮д̲еۿžҪϸıˣǾʱҶȴ͵һ١
ô£
ɫ΢䣬ȴ͵ķ֣Լ徹Ȼڲ֪ıӰĲ
СΣˣ
ӰǲǿݻģȻǲȫʢȴҲŲ˾ųɵˡ
ϣɣ
𣿡
ҶɫҲֻԵı仯һ¶ѣһȴһ˿⣺
ҲˣһӰĽᾧˣ
ʲô
ϸɫȻһ䣬һֲԤпʼ֮С
ҶȴԲģ֮У͵ͷųһɺ嫵
ȣ


2053 ջ
䡱
ڣһɺ嫵ٵı
Ҷ
һӰտʼʱҶ컹Ϊ֮ȹ٣ǵıϵ˲䣬Ҷȴ˺ܶࡣ
Ҷó꣬Ҷ˵ǾͲͳһ㣬˭˶ûа취ȥκġ
һߵӰȥǿ󣬵ʵȴҲһϵݻȻϵݻǾ˵ԷĴ󲿷ֵɡ
Ҷ˵ֱŵĴ
ԾԾգ
ϸû˵Ŀ־ǰȥϣʷһθо˵Ŀ־塣
̲סķջص

ӰһʹޱȵĪĥһ㡣
ϸƿȴ˲ıˣŭķٻȴûߵӰӦҶԷҽȴڳš
ȣ
Ҷıһƿʼ֣ʥӤԦ̫ʮѪʼС̬޴Ӱ˵ƺСǿԳ֮ΪϣǶԷȴʥ֮بŲһ㣬Ȼĳ֣ٵĽһƿغѹȥ
꣬ľۼ֮أĪѹԣκεȶҪΪ֮
ҲҶɱﵣȫĿֲ֮ٵʧֵʱ򣬾һ꣬Ҳɱ
䡱
һ֮ȼʥӤĽӡʱһɺ嫵֮ߣ뵽Ҷ֮С
оǾ֮ҶҲ¶һĨɫʥӤ岻Ϸž֮ɫĹ⻪˸ӲһƵĽâ
һʱ䣬ʢâ

Ĳҽϸ﷢˳ĺ޷ŵĿһеĳֱ֣ǲ˼飬ȫĲֵܳ鰡
Լƿصǲǿߵ꣬ͨԼؼȥ֮󣬷ӳһ𼶵ǿߣƾԼؼԼңԼǲ𣬵ȴҲúܶΪ֮ŷɥ
ԼɱﵾȻ˸ƿ
Ҫɱ㣡
ŭһϸȻĳ֣ݵצҶץȥҪԼӰ
ಡ
ʥӤƻӶӰ׵ʧҶ֮Уһ˲ʱ̣Ҷ֮У֮˫Ŀü֮˸
һʥһ㣬ǰϸʧȥԼɱﵣҲֻһ༶Ͻ׵ǿ߰ˣԼ˵ȫûɱˡ
䡱
ȭ
һȭ֣ٵϮɱȥ
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һȭֱӶ˶Էļ򣬴Ѫɽ
ҲҶϸ˺Ʋ
ϸޱߵԹϢŭ
ɱʺɱ֮ĺŮˣͲϣ
ҶȭͷٴεĻӶ֮֮ӿ
ԵʮȭŹƻϢʱϸ¶˾ɫоԼƺǲһֽҪĤݵĳ嶯
ΪʲôҪĤΪʲôҪĤһСС⣡
֮ĹƻϢ˶ԷϸѾȫʧȥжҶȭͷкݺݵغ˶ԷԴ

Ѫ֮УϸԴֱѵˡ
ɡߣ
ҶƻӶϸͼ񱼵꣬ȫĽԷһг׵ݻԼ֮С
ϸǱҶӵ˵֮С
䡱
һȭٴεĻӶҶ磬ٴηɿѾĿɿڴ껡

еĳæĿʼӶ
ù
ԭȻĳ֣һƳ֣һɺ嫵Ҷ֮ӿȻѸ͵סһ
ˡ
ЩƵĳϲõȻǸоһϤϢһ̴껵ֶһʧҶ֮뵽Ű˲ͼڡ
Ҷ죬㲻ܹɱң㲻ܹɱҵġҵƿߣδƿ߰ɱңҶŹģУѪնɱңǶս᲻úģ
껴ʱȫ˵ŭ
Ҷ˿˿⣬мЦ
ھǲʮ༶Ͻǿ߶ҳֵʱ򣬾ѾҽԹˣΪҺ֮ƽദڵʵκβѰĺ󱲳ֵĻ˭ֹܹң𣬵ҵıսҺΣ
˲񷣬һɿ
껵ɫѾޱȲҰоˣʱҶѾűɱ֮ģҪԼ׵նɱġ
Ļ쵰Ҷ죬֣Ҳùģ
͡
ۼٵĻһꪣ͵ĳҶӶȥ
κεһ޶Դﵽľ磬ɲ༶Ͻǿʩչȴӵ
Ȼ֪һﲻԼĶ֣ǴʱȴѾ˱ˮһսʱ̣ȻĲС
䡱Ҷ̤գһռ䣬ϴ֮ٵʩչռ䷨͵ĳ껵ǰ
־һȭ
顱
һΣҶʩչؼܶ࣬Ȼֻһȭȴǧǿɲĺܡ
һȭȥǲ𼶵ǿ߶Ϊ֮ޡ
ڣΪұ𰡣
ĺ˲񷣬ȴһʧһֱӵıѵˣģѪ⿪ʼʧ
Ҷֱӽ껵ӵ˵֮УٵĴЦ
ҵأ
֮УЦֹ
䡱
һƬĿռ֮Уһɿɲıʼ֣ⱬ֮ڣһģӰֳ
𡭡սһ̫Ҷ졭úݵģ
ԹޱȣſɲϢ˲ݴеĶһ㣬Ϣ˲
һԿɲ֮У˸â䣬һޱߵĻ漴̬
һУҶȻǲ֪ģڵѰٵһı˪Ѩ֮УУ¶һĨȤɫ
һεջܴԭõͨʥ˵񽣣ԼȻȥõĲ࣬ʵȴǷḻ
ϸһ֮ͨԷƵϢܶ࣬һЩҶġ
Լȣδؿκ϶
ס
ͻȻϸʱһϢҶǰһϢ֮Ҷ̲ס¶һĨɫ
ö


2054 ƿ֮
â˸ŨϢһμ֮ת
һɢŽâڻһһ㣬Ϣš
öԵĺöһεջûѰҵĴڣǶ˵ȴҲһĪջ񡭡
Ҷ૵ĵ
˵һϸһ˲õƿֻ֮ⲿʩչҶڲ
֮νศɵġ
һɢŽâϢ֮УҶҵһؼ
һǿĻ꼼֮ԼĻ֮ìЩĻ㹻Ĳޱߵ
˵ҪĳֵĻȴǲܵ飬һνɫļ֮ȴһǿؼؼһؼȻֻȵǧֶѣеȴޱȵĿֲ
籩
Ҷĸ֡
ޱȵİԵܵҲ൱Ŀɲ˴ɵľ磬һ籩ϴﵽķΧ۷ľǿԺʮԪ֮ࡣ
ǴսĻ㹻Ĳ˼
ȻСҲҶԽĿ϶Ĵڡ
ʥ˼ΪɲĺܣҵֻԽսԶĻȥԼ꣡
Ҷ첻ϵĴĦ֮ǽ⡶еӳһ籩֮С
͡
һöɫҶ֮С
Ҷ쿪ʼشһöɫ֡
籩֣ÿһöشһ㣬ǿĺܣޱߵĺܡ
͡
ɫ֮Ҷ궼̲סĲѧ̫İԵ˵㣬ŵĿֲϢҪΪ֮ü
ʥӤ棬һâ˸Сȴ΢΢һۼ
ʹ࣡
һˣҲľ֧֣˵˵ĻǾ͵Ҫһʱȥָ
Ҷ첻Ҵ⣬ԼȫͶУ˫Ŀ𽥵ĳһ˿âڻͷתš
СģСģСģ
ĺȵ
͡ٴһöɫֱҶˣҶʥӤѾ˵ڶöġ
֮Ҫޱߵʹ֮࣬еʹ࣬ϵĥӵĿֲҶļⶼ̲סĳ鴤
һεҪʱá
أҶŰĹ֮лؿʼÿһεÿһεɣ㹻˲һֽҪɱĳ嶯
ʱҶɣҲĻ׾Թ϶һ㣬ɢ֮УʱҶȴѾ𽥵ıʹ棬ȴʱš
֮أһƬ仯˵ĵطǺ޲ֳһĹ˲ѵıڿŰţ˿һ۶оĺܡ
˪֮еһصĺѨ֮Уһ΢Ĺ⻪ڻ˸ţ⻪ȥ֣ᷢһУ˫Ŀպϣϲ΢Ĺâ
֮бĺܣƺû˿Ϣһ㣬ȫʧȥĲϵһ΢â˸Ļᱻ˵ʬһ㡣
Ű֮Ҳûľ֣ⱱ֮Ҳˣ̳ûľĺܡ
˻˻˻
ͻȻ֮ģһĽ´ݳ
˪Ѩ棬һѺۣһӰʼĳֳ
һԴԷһͫѪϢƺΪĻޱȺԵʣһͫӵеֻк⣬ĺ⣡
ڿһ֮һԱ֮ͫȴ¶һĨĻߣѪȣ·ǿζʳһ㣬ȻĳһӰȥ
һϲ֮صԷԴž綾ѰȻֻһ׶ĳȣȴɵһͷԼ޴
ҶԷܼӲִž綾һΣյ
һֻ׵ĳȣѰӿ£ۿŶԷһԴž綾ѾӰȥ˿˿߶ڵϸʴһСƬŴ̶Сݵء
ʱ䣬ʱʼý
һ˲֮ʱ̣Ȼģһȴ͵һ˫ĿȻ
͡
һɺ컯һħһ㣬µĹ⻪˪Ѩʼ
˻
ǿҵΣпٵɣҲûֱӵĳ·ʼӴܹȥ
ֻһӰȻķһĲƣⲨѸٵݻΪ˿ײޱȵĳϯȥ
顱
ⲨȻһ٣һ˲ֱӵ̱һ֮УѸٵĻ˱ͽӲ̬
͡
˫Ŀϣɺ˸ҶޱĿȥ
ƺС˲٣ڵ˵Ӧò̶ֻȡ
һǧö֣ҶѾȫˣƾֲٵںϣǽһ籩ɹˣֻȴ˺ܶࡣ
ΪʲôôࣿʵǿСĺܣȻƬ̣޵Ļ¸á
Ҷвϵ˼š

ͻȻҶ˫Ŀע⵽ԷԴͷֳһεģһž綾
һ˿˸
ҶƺһĨ
Ρ
ţҶץסһ˿򲻷ţһɾͻὫһ˿ʧ
ǵģƣһֲ״ĺۼСĺܣˮвһ㣬Ҫ˲סĻǾ͵һǺУ˲ƵУϾ꣬Ҫıһ㡣
Ҷ˫Ŀޱҫٵһ񳱰
˫Ŀٴεıϣȴ֮͵ٴͬʱҶΪģ͵ĳܿʼɢһâĺۼ
͡
ЩۼŵĽâֻԿ˸޷
â֮һе޲ֱӵأһ˿ĻᶼûС
䡱
Ȼ󣬾Ȼγһɲķ籩ۼһ㣬˲Ĵﵽ˷ԲʮķΧʮ֮Уһ޲أ׵ǵ֮Уֱӱ˺ѳΪޡ
籩ɣ
˻˻˻
Ƶ꣬˾޴ĲҶҲ΢΢¶һĨˮ
Ͼǲ죬һͷųȥҶ춼ЩܲסֻҪԼٴεյʱ䣬ͿԶžĳ֡
籩ȻµĺܣʹǧȴҲԶһ棬籩һνǴݲǿߣ㲻˲䣬ȴҲܵش
жϵҶ˫âѾʼҵı


2055 ʵӡ
һΣҶʵνǽĲСϾһΣõ籩˵һĪĻԵҶڴ籩һʩչ֮ɵĽֽǶôĿֲͷǷ
ʱǿնΪ֮ɡ
뵽Щ֮ҶбһԾԾԵ뷨
м۵ļһҵǰ
Ҷ˵
˵Ǵݵ˵Իģ˺鷳㻹ѾľȻϲ鷳
ȥϸϸ֮ҾͲĿ뿪ˡ
Ҷ찵Ե˼漴ٴν֮еһ
һεһβҶݻʥӤһƣЩƳֳââǽʥӤȾͬһʥһ㡣
ǿϢȻĿʼ²ϣĵΪΪǿĿʼٴ󡭡
籩һգٴεһĺ֣һƬļž·ʧһ㣬һ˲ʱ̣ĿռһϢķ籩ݻ
ԲķΧ֮Уһâ¶ݻΪһĳһ㣬ޱȵĳܿʼȥ
ɲʼĲһǿĻ˲䣬Բ֮Уһе޲˲䵹أȴ׵ѵˣ˵Ѿ׵ˡ
ڵˣһ籩ؼ»Ժ𵽲˼Ч
ҶЦ
ٴαպ˫ĿĻָʹԼ꣬ڵʥӤȡһݻ֮󣬱øǿ
ǲҪΪ֮עأÿһﵽȼ֮󣬶ᷢǿ֮ѡĵ죬ȴûκεһ˻Ҷӣȴ꿪ʼġ
󡭡
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Ĳͷ˳Ҷ˫Ŀ΢΢һķ֣ⲨƺǾΧ
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ͻأģҶϣһĹ⻪ʼ֣ȻһʼѸٵķȥ
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Ҷһ
һâǴԼϼȥģҶƬ֮ڵ뵽һâ
Լնɱһ޴ߣԷڱһö֮ԼԭҪϸѰһεģȴû뵽껣Žˣڶûм
ʲôѵ˵͵йأҶ΢΢һĿռ֮ٵչ˹Ȱʧ֮⡣
âٶȺܿ죬Щˣֻת˲ѣȻѾʧ˰֮ĵط
ಡҶʩչռ䷨ٶ˿ĲȶԷ֮һֱŶԷȥ֮
죡죡죡
ٵЩˣת˲ʱ̶ѣȻѾֱӵĴﵽ·̡
͡
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Ҷ΢΢һ㶣΢΢ĳĵطûʲôɴڱ֮صķΧ֮Уƺһ˿ů⡣
ˡ
â΢΢˸ţϵһ滺ͷţƺĳ˼һ㡣
Ҷ˫Ŀ΢΢һĳһâһöˮһ壬˿˿ƣȻ緢˿ϸСȴˮ֮ƿȥƵ
͡
ԷΧһطת˼Ȧ֮Ȼһĳı͵˽ȥ
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Ҷһ㶣̲סıһֿڣѾļֱˣһ㣬ԼѾ˼׷Ѱٴε棬ֱԼ
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Ҷݺݵغʩչۣ֮͵Ķ˱㡭
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һ۶֮Ҷٵ˱֮Уĺܣж񣬲Ҷš֮Ҳһ㣬ƾŶҶɵĽ֮ݻС
ˡ
ٴεĳ֣֮УһĵĹ⻪˸ϣΧƺڲϵţԼ˰ӵʱ֮Ҷǰһҫֳ
⡭ǣ

ĵ
ӳԼǰ
ǵĺڰ֮Ȼȴ˼£ƺǸоҶĳһ㣬ӡǷɿ˸żҵĹ⻪·ǿ˶δһ㡣
ˡ
â˸ţƺΪĵ⣬һâҶüͷٴεһâȻ֪ԼΪģ
˭
âҶ컺ؿ˵
Ȼ仰˵ЩĪҶǸоѾƺĳԡ
ˣСѣѲ
֪Ҷг仰ԭûлӦʱһȻĴâ֮д˳
׵Ŀռ֮У͵ĳ˵ڶ˵һ˵Ҷ챾˶̲סϳһëȻĸо
ү㣡
ݺݵؾһµҶͻȻӦ˹âĺ
Լǰƿأ޵еǿ߲ʰ
þòȥ
һӰĴɫˮ״֮˳ǿģʵҶðһĺߡ
ʣû뵽ǾȻٴεļˡ
ҶϴŹŹ֮ɫĿһڲʣ̫أصҶ첻֪εȥ˽ˡ
ӿʼΪֹƺ֮Ҳûжٵìܿԣ㲻ǵˡ
ǰҲû뵽㾹Ȼɳô찡Ѿ˼Ǳһѣƴ㵽û뵽㾹Ȼˣһñռˡ
̲ס¶۵ı飬һεļ棬֪ΪʲôҶȴоǰһһǷģȫûϴεְʮ̬
𣿡аԵ


2056 ҹʮΣ
ⲻʣҶȻͶԷĺйĦնɱӣ֮ȴûжٵìܿԣڶԷӡǾȻҶһľȡ
ͱйϵ
ŲʣҶ̲סʵ
ǵģ໥һںǰˡ
ƺǽ뵽ĳֻ֮Уⲻʵ¶ĻްʱûֻڲϵĻʲô
ҶҲûȥһ˫ĿӡǣӡǣɲһĶ࣬Ҷõһˡ
ĻһںҶĵӵĹǿʩչеΰͨʱﶼ⡣
Ľӡ뵽Լ֮Уʱâŷ췭ظһϲõĺһ̣ľѹƲסıҿҶڵһʱ䷢һ㣬ҪĿɲΪ˽ͷųڵĳ̶˵ܹϢ¶ɡ
һĳ֣̳۵ĵλڻùҶϵʵԴһ㡣
Ǻǡˡ
֪ȥ˶֮󣬲ڱҶͷųĵ֮סˣ¶һĨЦ֮ɫ漴ĿҶ죬ؿ˵û뵽㾹Ȼһ
Ҷûлشǻؿʵô࣬Ƿһ֮飬ҵǺܺ棬ΪʲôҪôӦԭİɡ
ʵ¶һ˿Ц⣬ĵ˵ͷһȷʵҪǷҵһ飬ڵĳ̶˵ﲻһ㣬֮Ͽɶ񷣬¿ƿؾģԺԨǵǾģеĺڰ᳼㣬ǵ۵磬ǸʱѾʮ˲ˣҲǵǸʱƿֻأϣһΣ
ʵϴڴɫ
ƿֻأҶһȷʵ۵ƿһ˵ֻأڵʱϾޱȵʵʥ˼ʵҲδػȴԣֻǲ֪ⲻʵҪԼƿ˭ֻء
۵ϢһͷųĴ籩˵ҪСģڱְˣڻܹ㣬Ϊڵûа취ﵽҪӦ
ʵϴɫ
ҪƿضԷֻأе˼ʲô
Ҷ쿴ŶԷ˵˫Ŀ𣬷˿˿âҪȥƺǲѣȴҲ൱ѣĻⲻҲȻĲѡȥӡΪĴۡ
ҵӡ
ʵﻺؿ˵֮еһĨů޷ڸǵġ
˺ʵĻᣬһģ㻹ûʵȥƿֻأ
Ҷ죬һص˵ٴοҶ죬˵СڣӦ˵ǷڣڵȥǵģڵȻ뵽˲༶ľ磬Ȼ˵뵽֮УǷڵɲڵȥӦ˵ģСģ
Ҷĵ˵ͷ
֪ڻǷڣҺ֮һս
بŵĴѣĽѣʥ˼֮ìܣҶ춼ȥӦҪȥܵĶ̫̫ˡ
֪ã
ʻؿ˵
УҲӦõõ˺ܶˣҪס¾ʥ˼ǿ߶ѡȥˣСӵϻȴǼùĶǴö񣬷Ļڵĳ̶ȺҲǸ
ҶЦѵĿŲʣоѾ֮󣬺ôõǲ٣Ǹȴֻء
໥һ֮Ҷѡ˸ǡ
ⲻʣҶԽĸо˺棬ԷѷǵУһҶǱȽϿɵģǶԷΪأƺͷҲľˣһǱϼһԲǺԼеģޱصģҶиһֵĻɣһһڼƻĳ飬ֻȴûиԼѡ
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֮еһɽ湵ݺᣬ½·ƣ໥У໥ĳֳѹ̬
ϼɢı
ţֹļһﵽ˲𼶵ıС
һʱҲ˲˵Ѱҡ
Ȼûҵ̫Ǵ˵ȴҲʵһأٵǿҵһЩ
͡
â貣ϼɢһ˳Ӱĺۼ֮ת
չӣһɽ塣
սչ
Ϊ׵໥ײ貹⻪ǿԶ񷣬Ǻһ㣬ضΪ֮𶯲ѡ
һʱģﰧͬ
顱
һչ֣ʱĻһ嫵ĴɽƣһӰʼѸٵĻɱȥһĺۼǿϢ׵һ㣬һӰȻͣ¶˾ɫ޷ŵĿŶԷϵâ޷ֿסԷǿеȥ񣬰һ˲䱬һѪۺ˲ĳܷɢ

ҹʮڵĴϢţ˫Ŀ𣬷âϵͷųǿĲǰһȺˣ˫Ŀ֮еĺâԽ޲õıһ㡣
ߣŮŭվУһĽ棬⻪תһŮսһ㣬ĿԲ֮Уſɲŭ⡣
ּӳһöӡǣʱ̵Ľ䱸ţػҹʮǰ

һ˳
֮д˿˿ŭȼգֻҹʮ߶棬һĿǡ
ղ˵֮ˣ¶˿˿䣬һ˸ƲϣԲǷƷ
˵Ͳģɫ΢Ұףһֲ̬ķɫһ˫ĿĺܣһԶߵ۾һ㣬һ۶һֵС
Ϲٴ
ߵ꣬һ֮еŭƺǸӵʢ
û뵽õŮȻҲб˽һգ
ΪϹٴ¶˿˿аЦ֮ԭϢ˲ĸŨ֣һա֣ƺĺܣеȻǲԶˡ
ʲô˼ΪʲôֶԸǣߵ̲סһŭȴǳֵʱڶԷߣһʮˣÿһǲ༶нϵǿߣаһ༶Ͻ׵ǿߣϹٴﱾҲǲ༶ϽΪ
Լ߸ǶԷĶ֡
ٺٺ١ʲô˼Լ˵𣿽աӵ˼ѵ㲻𣿡

һϯ£ʱıһҲ̲סĹЦεȵ޼ɵǿҵŭζ


2057 ̫ˣ
ŭԹŭ
ҹʮɫѾޱԭǸ֮߰ˣεܹܵ˶ԷԼŮ衣
һʱ䣬˫Ŀ֮еâ˸ȻѾ֮ŭе͵Ҫ֡
Ҫ嶯
Ȼ֪ԼķΪʲôŭΪԼŭȻкǿģʱȴԵĲǳֵʱ
ǰֵܣҪ嶯ɱ㣬ĺϷεճ
Ϲٴ¶һĨЦݣҹʮ˵
Ϲʦ䰡СӾǲ֪㿴ϵŮ˶մȾʵ
һȺ˷ĴЦ
ǲ˽ϹʦֵľģһѾŮˣϹʦϲĲǸ˵Ů𣿡

š޳ܡ쵰
Ⱥҹʮܵ˵裬ǽһް޵з񣬺޲õ̳նɱǡ
һˣȥӦеκһޱȵĳģΪǶڲ༶нϣͼҲڲ༶н۷壬ǰϹٴڣ༶Ͻǿߡ
ʵ޷ɹܵĪ裬øճ
ҹʮڵʵﵽ˲༶½۷ľ磬Ըһ༶н۷Ѿˣ뵽˾ȻһȺˣҲҹʮ찵¶˾ģҲðػãȻĲܹԼŮܵ˿衣
Ϲٴ˸¶˴ѵɫߣ
ôŮ˰ԭı˵ĺܣû뵽ǣڵõ˵֮󣬾ȻøˣġԪһ̫ϾոյĽ뵽һոµľ磬ˣǿ໥̽һ
˵Ϲٴ¶һĨЦݣһ˫ĿֱӵߵĽѰţʱ˸̰ĹâĿ󲿷ֵļߵһԱغѩϡ
˸·ǿԶ·һ㡣
оϹٴǲߵ̲סıøӷŭΣòᡣ
˺ŭıǵ糺֮ɫȴԵøڻûи㶨ԷϹٴ뽫˺ݺݵѹһ
ĳ˶Ůǲһ⼡ѩ޲õĶˮرǰӵͦˡôŮˣͷһεļ˵ġ
죡
ҹʮŭһ𺳣׵粻ڶ˸ľ޴֮Ҫ񷶼һ㣬ҡ
Ӵˣŭ˰Сʡʡɣ£
ҹʮ죬ϹٴϴŸıĴЦš
һˣҹʮߵ̲סĳ
Ϲٴ˺ǲ򵥣ԷǿɲĺܣԷһ޴ţǿؼҶҪֲ̫ࡣ
ڣ
ϹٴڵĵӣҲ֮е֮ӣ˵֮⣬˿ѹ
ϹٴһΪ֮ʹ޵ȱ㣬ϲŮˣϲ
ҶԷϲŮϵŮžԵĺ̨ĻȻ޷ӳġ
һ֮ϹٴѾļסУΪǸʱиҪ飬ֻεѡʹ뿪
ڣŴѵʱ䣬޼ɵĳˣò׵ĴôᣬһҪԼ£
һǿҵĿг֣˵嶼ڿʼ
Ϊžĺ̨ΪԼ˾ٶ鷳ȴҲû˵κεؼȻǺڱϹٴϡ
µҿסˣȻϿ뿪
ߣȥҵֵҶ죬ֵģ
ҹʮ˵
ʵԲǵĶֵģ뿪ٿԵֿһʱ䣬ĻеģǶ군
ҾԱҲᶪģ
ҹʮ¶˼ᶨɫϹٴʲôˣȻ˽⣬ȴҲ֪ⲻһöԷԷϣаϢޱȵĵģһĿ϶ޱߵ裬˵Ǽֱһɱ
ߣһ߲˵ģˣȵ㳢Թ˹ҵζ֮ͻ֪ߵˣǹͷǵʱͻҶģ
˿˿ЦϹٴϡ
Ҫһ
ҹʮ˵Ѿߵϣޱȵļᶨ
Ҫһ
ߵ˿˿⣬ˣû˿ĺڡ
ϣ
һ֣еȻǧۼÿһĲЧռѸٵıⲨΧļµϢٵıŷȥ

Ӷ׵𣬸ӰӿΪԼŮˣҹʮ쿪ʼѡƴˡ
֪Ķ
еٵĻӶһ磬һеӰѸٱһǿĻޣһĳ֣񱩣һ㣬˸ȻȥеĻһ˲֮ʱ̱㱻ǿеĴ顣
ۡ
ǰһػ֣ҹʮݺݵشɣһɾʹ֮£̲סһѪ
ʮ죡
ߵϴ޷ڸǵķŭ֮ɫֻӶһ޴ĳӣƺƵĳŶԷʼϮȥ
ˣúõķʦְɡ
һЦųߵı󣬶ǽĵһơ
׵ۣ
׵۳ңҹʮŭȼգĺ
Բ֮Уһɺ嫵֮ʼͷš

ɶսʼȥȼϺϵĲ֮£ߺҹʮεȥȴɱĽڽڰˣߣʱĽϣϵıϹٴޱȵĽš
ˣɣѾܲˣҪ㣬ھҪ
һ˿˿аĹ⻪Ϲٴ﷢ŴޱȵĲ

Ӷٵһߵҹʮ챯ߵ˼µŭ֮Уٵһ˹ȥ
ң
ʱһǿȴٵĳ֣һĻζ˲һſɲϢݺݵػһֻ֣ϹٴһƻӶȥ

ѣ֮޲ķ飬Ϲٴﱾ˶ֱӵ˷ɻ֮⡣
ҹʮߵϴżɫƺˣ
Ϲٴڵĵӣ˭˳ıӵ͵Ϯӣ
Ϲٴĺ
Ϲٴ֮ȴƺͣһ£һֹŹֵϢʼɣϹٴΪԷµʱٴεĳֻ֣ǴһֹŹޱȵĲ
ϹٴҲ̫ˡ


2058 ߣ
Ҳ̫ˣ
仰ݳϹٴ϶ʱһ䣬ŭͷ𣬴Ķûκεһˣ˵Ķ˵


оԼһޱȸŴڵϹٴȻĸоԼǶôĻһ۷塣
Լõڵӣ˭˵Լ
ӹ
֮дһɿɲŭڷȼţʱϹٴҪըˣҪԼֵļһ͵նɱʬð
͡
һӰȻһҹʮߵǰ
ֵӰۣҹʮҲ̲ס¶һĨɫ²һҶ졣
ɺ˸ţҶ쿴ҹʮߣ˸Ĺ⻪Ȼһ⣬ߵĽʱϵкܶ౻ѵˣɼղܵ˶裬ҹʮԼֵܣϴʱ˺ۡ
ҶŭεĲ
û°ɡҹʮߣҶﻺؿ˵
ƲأСĵ㣬⼸һﲻ򵥣
Ҷ죬ҹʮ̲סĽе
ģڵӦļˣû⣡
Ҷ쿴ϹٴЦ˵
˭ȻڣǸˣ˵ҲҪ֪ġѾ׵ıŭϹٴĺ
ɱ
ݡ
廯һ磬ѸٵĳҶ쿪ʼ֡
еֱҶ죬Ƿ·һһ㣬żƿ˳
һȻɫʵȴ൱ĲǼľ£Ҷ춼оһǿɱ
ȴҶ졣
Ҷ˭Ǹһ֮նɱʮ༶ϽǿߵǸʱﵽ˲༶½۷ѣڵǲ༶н۷ľ磬һεΪ
һ֣Ҷ첻ܣֱӾһȭ
һȭɽХ֮ӳУӰչ֣һȭɱȥ֮ʢ˲Ļ˶Է
ˡ
Ϲٴﾪ㵺޷ŵ֮У﷢˰ӰѸٵıɢΪΪһ̣һʹĪٵȥ
ҡ
顱
֮ȭϹٴĻһȭֱӺɱ˹ȥѸٵĽһ˳ȥ
ۡ
һȭſɲȭ⣬ݺݵغɱϹٴʹ˲ĸоԼǰһ漴ؿϱһʹ
ǺεȿɲһȭһѪ̲סҪλˡ
ֻһ༶н׵۷ԼĲ༶Ͻ׻Ҫֲ
Ϲʦ֣
ʮɫĺ
ɱ
ʮӰһ㣬̤գһռ䣬ȼſֲҶһĳˡ
ߡ
һߴݳҶ¶˲мɫ˵ĹЦ˫ȴûٴζһת֮С
֮гһױɽӱ޹⣬еǿֻǸоԼǰһ·һжʼģһ˲䣬һǿߵѸٵĿʼ
ͨ
ͨ


һ𡭡𡭡
ľǿĵ˵ϣѸٵĻ˱ʬ壬ֻǸоԼһıһ˲Ѿʧȥ˶ƿأΪǵѾ׵ɢˡ
籩
ҶʩչԼոɹؼ÷籩
ѪѸٵʩչ籩ߵĺֱ޷죬Ƿʤ
ʣµǿҲҡҡ׹վ֮Ѫ֮д޷ŵɫŶԷڿһһ㡣
ıεȵԣǷʲô˼һ㡣
á
ߵСŵϴ󣬷·ǿһȥһ㣬ûۼҶնɱ༶ϽǿʱΣۼҶĿֲȻ֪ˣȴ̲סһ־ޱȵ
ôôǿ󣿡Ҷ죬ϹٴϴŲҰ֮ɫѾ˻ҰɫˣĶ֮Ѫ궼ڲղŵָо·Լ˵궼Ҫһ㡣
ЧϻҪǿ
Ҷ΢΢üؿ˵
Ƕ籩Ͽأ
һɱôǿ߰ѾĻ֪㣿˵ĻǷ˵ǾװˣǷҶȴϹٴ˵һĲ̫ɲˣʵ̫Ŀɲˡ
һˣһһħ
㡭Ҷ죿
ͻȻһǿ߿Ҷһͷѩɫĳڵ뵽һһļһһ񻰣һѾֿ֮Ĵ档
Ҷ죿
ϹٴӶĵɳҶ죬ޱȵԼôôһ
Լô
˶Ҫˣһնɱʮ༶ϽǿߵĹЩѹֻ˵ľ˺ͿֲһֱںԼ氡
Ҷ졭ʹ˱ΣҵǸ
ϹٴڵĽеĺݺݵѹʱԼҪסûʱҶа壬ԼڣҲΪԼԭȥսġ
Ǹӵһһ
£
Ҷ쵭Ŀ˵Ϲٴƺû˵
ʲô
Ϲٴɫһ䣬漴ĻŤģ
ȻҪԼ£ԼֻԼǱ֪ĻԼڣֱԼĵλһǧߵġ
Ҷ죬㲻Ҫ̫ˣڵˣƣԹƣڵ˲ģ
һǿ̲סĺ
͡
һâ˸Ѹٵ˵ǰһš
顱
Ѫɽֱӵ׵ķΧ
һǿ߱նɱˣܹվǿߣֻвˣһϹٴڡ
Ҷ죬û꣬Եû꣡
Ϲٴзŭȴع˵ϡ
裬ǿҵгУ֮ӣȴΪ˱˵ϣڣԺԼΪЦġ
ͨ
ʣµǿߣϴŤɫĵĹ˵ϣΪ˱סԼǱҪô
Ҷ죬۲ʶΪǸ
Ϲٴĵͷ˵ǵȥȴޱߵԹ֮ɫ˫Ŀ֮еĹ⻪Ǻâ䣬ޱȵԹ
һӱģӱģؼңҲҵţ
зŭ裬ǿҵ谡
ߣ
Ҷ쵭Ц
죡
ҹʮɫһԼŮˣȴǲģҪɱ쵰ζҪɱ
Ҷ΢΢һЦҹʮʹһɫ
ߡ
еɱݺݵط£Ϲٴﻺؿ˵һε裬˵ġ
ǾҪ˲䣬һȴʵĴ
ĸ˵ߵģ㡭ߣ


2059 ġ
ߣ˵ҹߣ
ϹٴϱŤ˼£ΪԼĶ䶼ˡ
Ǻεȵ裬ҪԼ𶼸̤ȴֵÿȴˣڿʼʱεҶֵܵġ
ԼˡֵܣǵҶۣҶεĶѡˡġ
Ҷ졭̫
ȻϹٴŭ忪ʼž죬ƣһŭħһ㣬ʼ
ĸվģ
Ҷһһһ̫Ŵɽһ㣬Ѹٵѹȥ
ǿֲѹƵΧž죬ϹٴѹȥžĽǲϵĳѵ̬
޷Ҷһֻ֡
꣡
һı֣ϹٴȻҶһӡѹˡ
ۡ
һѪϹٴɫҰףŤһ㣬һ˫ĿԹɫҶ죬ڿһ㡣
Ҷ졭㣬ú֮ˣһŹģ
Ա
˵ģŭһ˷һĲҲʼѸٵı÷ӷףϵǿΣϢȴղǿ˰ٱ
ҪԱˣҶǲŹԼģղŵһжֻݺݵΪ֮
Ա𣿡
Ҷ˸һ⣬Ѹٵ
ռ䷨򣡡
ˡ
ĲֳⷽԲ׵ķΧ֮УһжҶεƿҪ˵ɱˣԱҲþҶ

ҶЦһϹٴ˫Ŀ͵Ĺâ˸ţȻҶ£ֱӵγһƬѪ⣬¡

Ϲٴˣ˲ģȴûа취ȥ⡣
ҶޱĿʣµߣӶӿֱӵǵ䶪˵֮У
졭ҿ㣬Ļ룡
ҹʮ¶εɫ
һκΣգΪҶĳ֣ľ군ˡ
Ҷ΢΢һЦ֮仹Ҫ˵Щ𣿶ֵܵˣǾԲŹģ
ֵܣ
ҹʮһů⣬ǵԼֵܣһƽȴһâ㣬֮ͷųޱ߹⻪Ĵڡ
ʥӤѸٵĽ⼸ǿ꣬ĻҶ꣬籩ĳ֣ҶٴʶԼǿ֮
һʩչ籩ǿֲһ˲ö䣬Ҷ˵һĪ顣
ͻȻ֮䣬Ҷ¶һĨ֮ɫϹٴ֮УҶҵһμ䣬һμҶɫױѿ
ƺǿҶɫԾҹʮһæʵôˣ
Ҷ˫ĿѸٵķ˿˿ĺâ˵
ڣĵģҿҪʮ죬ҵˣȫҲϽصؼ֮УʱҪ֣
˵䣬ҶѾʧԭһĲӰ˸ϵĿ񱼣ֱƿ˲񷣬֮⣬һʮٶȿ
ٶȱǹٶҪֲ֮ϻ˸Ħſռ䣬˸
¡¡񱩵ڱ֮УǿѾоɺ嫵֮мϵƣǿΪ֮Ŀ
ϲע⡣
սһ֮У
ս˫ĿȻֱ·һ㣬һƬս췭ظϺ
СӵϢǿ񱩡˭ǵ
Ե˿˿ɷ
СôˣҵѪûǵˣߣ
˫Ŀϣ·һһעһУϵıڴڴҶǵʲô˲õ
ɽѣݽߣһ̣һ㣬񷶼ڷŭ
𡭡
һŭڿ񱩵ͷţǿɵĿԲǧĿռ䶼ڲ
Ϣͷţ漴ݻ
ҶӰߣħѸٵļţǾ޴ֲӰҪʼһ㡣
һֱ̣ҪΪ֮ˡ
Ҷ˫Ŀ𣬷˿˿ĺâϹٴ֮УҶ쿴һΪ֮Ϣ
ڵ˾ȻҳֶԼŮˡ
ֵģ
ɱʥħ֣ޱߵɱ¾֣ѩȻ貣Ů˵ʵȻﵽ˲༶н׵ĵزٶȺܿ졣
һ˲䣬ǵȴˣֱӵǡ
ڵǿߣϹٴҲУҲֻźܶǿ߶߳ˡ
溶Ȼ֮Уѩǳ֮ʲôΪʲôڣ
ҶԺ֮вϵ˼ţѪ죬ⵣ֮Уһɺ嫵Ѹٵıŷ̲סĿŭ𡭡

಻ǹ֮ԶѸٵļ䱼ۣ·ޱߵĿһ졣
ɱۣһһ㡣
溣ҶѰһʱ䣬ȴûеģΪɱʥħǳصģƾڵʵ˵֮ºĻֵģѩһǿŮˣһҶԵĲġ
ȴû뵽Ů˾Ȼĳ֮С
һڣסˣҶεĵˡ
СӵϢʲôˣ
һƬĮ֮Уս͵˺һĮħޣѪմȾԴȻ̧֮ϣһɺ嫵ɱ⣬ؿ˵˫Ŀ͵ķ˿˿ĺâٵĳһ񱼶ȥ
սһ
ˣ
ǸоҶƣһִŷŭͷƣӿޱߵɱ⣡
ÿµɱⰡô£
һǿ̲סüͷؿ˵
ǺεȿɲƣȻ˵޼ɵ֮ͷţҲ±ǿע⣡
˷˸̾
칬
ϸ˵һųǣ֮еһųǣ֮Уж緱ǣ칬֮ȴһصĴڡ
Ĵڣ
Ϊһֲ
ڣ
䡱
һɺ嫵Ȼһ̣һޱȵĿҪһ㡭
˫۾ĳ￴ȥһӰſֲɳʯ֮衣
¡¡ƿ裬һɺ˸ֱħһ㣬ڶ
ġҹ
ƺƵĴݳ칬һҡΣƽһըһ㣬֮ӳľҺۼΧһжʼһǿѪأޱȵĿһӰ
֮ϣƲϣǿǵһ
졭Ҫˣ


2060 ս
ÿµơ⵽ô£
һ˭칬֮зѵ˵±նɱ𣿡
ǰ칬칬ڵĸųǣͷడ֮пǿ򣬴Ųڰ˴ǿֱ̫ˡ
ѩѪͫһôоƺЩأ
죿ȵȣȷʵ찡ѵ˵
Ҷ졭
ϳҶݣϣϣ̬޲ʼ˷츲صĸı䡣
Ҷ죬Ȼˣһǿ޲ʼЩŹ
˵֮Уͷʢ˭Ҷ޵ڶˡ
һ֮նɱǲ༶Ͻǿʮսӵǿߣһݴ˵ֱ˸ΪһĴڡ
ڲ²⵽Ҷ֮ǿҲ漴¶˺ɫҶ쾿Ϊʲô칬֮ķġ
䡭
Ҷƿʼ޼ɵıΪ֮ļµ˼£ǿ޲оԼؿһѹƣһϵ̫ɽڿ񱩵³һɲĺܣǿĺܣǲĪĳ
ǿ֮ϣһֻֻѸٵķţһ˲䣬ȴ嶼һı˲ı
ƣʵĿµ˼¡
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һֲŭݳҶڳôĶֱҪ칬ȫǿ߸ˣˣƵķ񱩶Ѹٵǿ߳ˡ
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濪ʼ𣬵ʱһѺۿʼֳ˵ӰѸٵĳҶȻûнǿֲĲͱȴѾ㹻޵עˡ
ִߣ칬ִߣ
ִ칬ػߣǿĺܣȻϲ࣬ÿһȴڲ༶Ͻ׵ĳ̶ϣұѰĲ༶ϽǿҪǿ˼ˣҶ쵨칬֮зֱǲˡ
ǰִߵĳζǿǽ᲻ϵӿҶ찡Ϊһû뵽ڴսһ֮󣬴˵㲻֪ȻˣȻķ
ҿδأ¹˭ֻ˵ء
ǿ߷˲ͬļ⡣
һС칬֮зҿǻζˣ
һ˸ǧ׵ľ룬㿪ʼŭһԵѸٵı˸˶زȻ֮ѾҶɱ
¡¡
ǧؾˣȻĿʼ֮УѲϣһȭ
һȭ֮ȻԲ˾춯صɼһǿߵʵ
飡
ҶĽ͵̤㣬ݺݵ̤֮ϣϢʼ˫Ŀ˿˿ĺ⣬ٵĳ֡
䡱
岻ܣֱӾһȭɱ˹ȥһȭԷ˿ĲǸӵǿ
ԵϢҲ漴ͷš
ԡӡ˸˾ĺۼҶϵİԵ֮
ȭ
ȭ棬ᴩبţ
֮ȭеһȭ֮ȭȻֻȵļжѣÿһȭȴ൱ǿģǳκεһ
һȭٵأݻ磬ⷽԲ׵һ޲оԼǰһѹ֣һϵɽڷıһ㡣
캧أ

䡱
ǿߵ𣬵ȭͿɲûüȫͷųһ˲䣬ҶֱӵĴͷųĿɲһȭ䳹׵ѹȥ˶ֱӵĴɳȥ
Ǻεȿɲһȭһһ㣬ﶼó
ۡ
һѪǿߵϴ޷ŵɫҶ죬ڿһһ㣬һȭԼԼһ༶Ͻ׵ǿ߰Լ칬ִߣȻᱻһȭɳȥ
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һ˲䣬ӳһı˪ֱӵӿԵޱȵĴڿʼͷųסҲֱӵĴ֮ˤ
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ֱӵѹȥǿһţ˶޷ڸǵȥ
κεģȺһȴѡ˶ǵʵεǿȴҲҶĶ֣ӲҪ˵Ǵʱŭ֮µҶ졣
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Ҷٶȿٵľˣ廮һ޴ĺۼͬһһ㣬Ѹٵĳ֣·Ҫضѵһ㣬ٶϿҪǿննϣ

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ۡ
Ѫˣ
ǿ޷ŵĿһС
ֻǼνֶѣȻִߴɾǺεȵİεȵĿ񱩣ֱһɷ񰡡
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溴ߣҶΪŭ飬ԼŮˣȻһȺ쵰ˣѾҶۣһҪһծֻ
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˲񷣬һſŵǳҫ۵Ĺ⻪֮Уҡҡ׹Ȼһɱ⿪ʼ𣬶һſŵǳ·ǸоŭɱһĲ֮УѸٵĴ
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ǿ޲ɴԼ˫Ŀ֮ϡ
һſŵǳɢҫ۹⻪ʱͷ˳
ʲô
ǿ̲סĽ


2061 ģþò
ã
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Ƶٵĳ֡
һ̫ɽǳ׹䣬ǿƺͿɲǻڲдִĻУǵҶǿһʱ䱻ѹѪı䡣

Ĳҽ಻Ҷȴû⣬ֱӵĳ칬ڲȥ
溺ѩʱԽ˵ԽĲԼһҪҵǡ
ÿµļһһֻв༶н۷ľ𣿡
˿һɷӿҶ죬̲סĽе
ǵģ̫Ŀˣֱһɱÿһεĳ֣˵ҸڴֱӵľҪնɱģ
Էѵ˵ǲ칬ĺ̨ɣ
뵽սһѪԼս𻤶ӵԸƺЩȻˡ
ѪڣҶܹ飬ƺҲԺˣֻʵȴǿΪ֮ľĺܡ
̶ֳȣĲ༶Ͻǿ֮жǾ޽еģǶԷȴֻڲ༶н۷ѣ޷󵽴Ǵﵽ˲༶Ͻ֮лﵽһεȾ춯صĳ̶ȡ
ҲòٵǿǣԵжսһһʶ˵ԺսһεĲǿ󣬿Ժİ˴֮Уսһˡ
ҶĴ󣬻ߵ̬֮涼ڹѣһ޴ĳһѸٵͦǿٶڵҲǿߵ
칬֮Щصǿ̲סĿŭ
ʲôˣ˵ķΪ칬һ𣿡
Ϸ£
һŭѸٵһƳҶĴ
һƵǿĺܣݻ޾޴һɽһ³ȻİΧסҶ
ԷĳٶȺܿ죬Ǽ൱֮Ҷǰ˲䣬ȫҶ·Ҳ˵ԷԭļƻҪҶѹȥ

Ҷ﷢һŭȻ֮䣬һ޴Ļʼ˳
һȭӰĻֻһȭӰݻΪɽһ㣬һֻ޴ӡݺݵȥ
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໥ײѸٵĻޣҶû˿ͣ٣һһȭ
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ȭ֣֮಻ݻǧѸٵĳǸȥٶƵļӳ֣Ѹٵĳ̤ͬһ㣬ؾҵ𶯣һ޴Ľڿʼһȭǰ˷档
ۡ
һӰֱӱѳΪѪۡ
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һŭȻ˺ͱҶɱ֮ʶҸʱŭȼգһӰʼ񱩳

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һ޴ޱȵİ׻Ӱһبź㣬ݻǿ˸оһɱ֮Ѹٵݻ
ô𣿡
Ҷʱ֮ȫȴһУֻзŭޱߵķŭԼŭݻĿɲɱ¾֮ġ

һ޴İ׻Ҷı֣Ǿ޴ԷֲһɱǴ̫İ׻ޡ
𣡡
׻צ֮ŭǿħһƾҵ˳ȥ
顱
ߺݺݵײһ𣬳ֵǿ֮ȻĳһѺۣǷӰ֮ײ߶ǸǿߣһǿӵŲ༶Ͻ׵ʵҶǲ༶н۷壬ȴӵͨ
ߵĳѾһǿߣ𼶵ǿ߶ʼǵ˫ĿǵҶ֮ȴѡ˳Ĭ
ʱ򣬳а˴еκһλ룬ȻĲκεһǿʱ֡
ΪҶսһսһ
С֣ϴθӵǿˡ
˫Ŀ˿˿â˸ϣһɱϵĺâ
ʱȴûа취֣뵽սİԵʮ㣬Ҳһ

Ҷİ׻һץ˶Էİ׻Ӱ֮У֮ƿذ׻࣬ڶԷ㵵֮УһצĴȥĻצ֮УһеĻͻ˲ı
󣬰׻ɷϵݻһǿ߸о׻ɷ֮ڱ¶˲Ļߡ

Ҷɱ񱬷ղŸӵŨۿһצҪԷ׵ɱˣҲʱһ˳ӰͻȻ֣ݺݵس˻צǿ֮䣬ĵס˻צ
Ҷ졭㣡
һŭĺ
֮дԹŲʣ޷ڸǵɱ⣬޲õĽҶ˳׵ȥһ㡣
޴İ׻Ҷ󻺻ƣһԻĿͷųޱߵɷҶһɺ΢΢˸ϣħĽһ㣬¶˵ĶΪ֮

ڵˣ
趯ֳһꪣ˸϶ӵĺϢȻݻ˫Ŀ䣬ʱȴִޱɱǵĻ˭
ʱĵɫޱѿҶ죬ԼĳУܵ裬Ҷϳֵġ
û˵Լܵ˵裬ҶȴˣҲҶֱҪ֮ˣԭȵʱ֮ҵҶ콫ѹȴû뵽Ҷ쾹Ȼôͳˡ
ȥԸ
һǿߣĻس˵
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ڵģǿһĪΣ˵һֳݣǲ༶Ͻ׵ǿߣǵȴΪ֮ݣò˵ԷǶġ
ЩҶûһëǮĹϵʱ˫Ŀ𣬿ǰĵģȴһľȡ
ĵıԼһǽĿռ֮׵˹ȥԷճ˵ӦԪ˵ģԷȴûģұԭƣû˿ļӵǿˡ
Բһ壬˳ӰϢţϵĴ͵
ڵǿߣԷȻôݵʱڣȻΪ˷ţزȻһж벻ߵ໥ϡ
΢΢һҶһɺ컺ؿǰĵģ˵
ģþò
һ֣˵ĸ
εҶĳҶ죬Ȼĵ̬ȴҲڰԵķ𣬱ϾǰҶֱһӣһǿķӡ
Ҷ졭㲻Ҫ̫칬ڵ㾹Ȼ֮Уǻһ㵱ΪǺ۸𣡡
֮дڸǵĴһǿҵԹޡ


2062 ޽
Ҷ˫Ŀ𣬴ʱ˫ĿҪгһ϶һ㣬صǿâȴεĶ޷ȥڸס
Ҳㆪ£ģŮˣǣ̾ߣ
ҶĻ֮дźϢɺ˴ˡ
ʲôһ֪ģҶ죬ĵһϾץŮˣϴŵĶǲ򵥣Ů˶ǼƷȫĲѷɫŮʣĻ㽫ƷŮ˸㶨֮󣬱㽫Ϊ
ڿҶ쾹Ȼ֪顣
뵽Լļƻĵһ˵
ʲôŮˣҲ֪
ĵǼᶨȻǲϣӵĲȥˡ
Ҷ˵ȴû˿Ĺϵ΢΢һЦǽɫ¶ɭȻĹ⻪ĳǲˣ
ûкԣҶ죬ڵ칬֮УڵսһȴҲܹ㲻ױֻɱ칬֮ˣòҪţ
飡
һ춯صı֣ƣڴʱľ׻ȴǿ
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Ҷ쾹Ȼ˲ʱ̳֣һȭ˵ĵĶӣǿͿֲٶ˲õĵɫʼ˽ɫ
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΢Ҷ컺ס˵ĵĲӡ
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ĵɫȫû뵽ҶĽȻ֮죬ԼղžȻû˿ķ֮ռ֮Ҷ쾹Ȼƿ˿ռķ򡭡
žžžڵĵĲϷž
ġҵޣòҪҪ
䣬쳹
еǿ̲סһڿˮߡ
֮ӣҶǰȻû˿ķ֮
˭Ҳûз֣ʱǵĵ֮дһ˿ĵ⣬һĵ⡭

һͻأĳ֣һɺƥƻͷ˳
֮һɿ˺صܣһ£޲𾪣񳼷ҵԼһ㣬ǿ̬˲˵ľš
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˷˲һ˲䣬ȴȻı漴ĳΪһƬѪꡣ
Ѫ֣Ѿ޷Ƶı漴ĳԭϵĶơ
Ѫķ裬ʱҲ˲ĺ󳾡
һǿ߾ˣֱӵĻ޺⡣
ֻϵĳ֣ȴѾﵽ˿ֲĵزֵĻǵжôĿֲ
κε˶޷󵽵ġ
Ҷ˫Ŀ𣬿űԼƺݺݵסĵģ¶˿˿⣬ʱĵȻϴʹɫһ˫Ŀ֮ȴɴһ˿޷ڸǵĵ⡣
һȻˡ
ùϵϢϢ֮УŲζϢǲ𼶵ǿߣ
Ҷɫ΢΢һ䣬ԷϢԼҪǿһЩǳҶЩǿߡ
ܹ֮ԿƺҲֻвǿˡ
ǿ𣿡
Ҷһ˿⣬漴˫ĿȻ𣬻϶һ㣬϶֮еɺȴȻĴ˲һֱӣɺɫֱߣҪ񷳹׵˺ѳΪһ㡣
䡱
ذâڷ˸ţţҶһ޴Ӱʼͷų
ս
Ҷȫ֮ս
սһУҶսΧصǿǣ޲һ
ڿʼʱ˽⵽ҶݵǿߣȴҲ̲סĿʼ
սһһҶ쾹Ȼսһǿߣսĺᣡ
Խ˼еǿ޲ʼע⵽˴ʱսһΣһδķ籩
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ս󷢳һŭ֮޴ֲսʵһĿʼѸٵļһĿ񳱣Χ˲Ŀʼѵһһոµһ㡣
̫սһΣȻ칬ССսһ󱲣Ҳ˵ķΪ֮غ۸ɣ
ٴεĳ֣Ȼ֮ģҶǰѾһӰ
һ³۵ߣϵ´˿˿ƣ϶ӵϵۣȻȥѰĺܣ֮ϵ伫µϢȴ㹻κεһΪ֮ѡ
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ϢںһҶѾϵâʼǰһǿߣԷǿҶʵ֮ǿһˣԷǿΪϣϡ
ȻվҶǰҶȴоԷ·ʱ̵Ķʧһ㡣
ں֮У޷Ĳ׽ԷټΪµġ
һɲľ޽޽һƣֻһѪɫƣͬǶħһ㣬Ҵɱ⣬â˸ϵתһ޷Ϣ
ǰ֮ˣҶû˿ĵӣս⳯ŶԷʼɺ嫵һ̷չ˳
죡
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໥ײ֮䣬ȻıһγɵĿɲƣ·Ҫһжһ㣬ӴƲϵĶѻڵһ춯صı֮ѳΪһ㣬Ȼըˡ
һ޴ĺɫ϶ʼ죬漴쵽˼£һѵĺɫһ㡣
һСѹ˵ķȷʵӣ
һߵɫ΢΢ĶݣȻû뵽ҶϾȻԼײ֮˿ûƵ̬
ҸӿµǣԷһ˿ģ
ߵĳҲڳǿһĶݡ
Ҷ졭õķſң֪˭Ǿ޽𣬲𼶵ǿߣ칬ػȻսһ֧ţȴҲ㲻ǿᣬõĲҪʱǡڴеĵģȻֹ
Ҷ˴˵Ǽеٵʧ漴һƿѵһ񱩵ɢ
𣿡
Ҷ΢΢һЦݡ
ϡ
֣
޽֣һҶ
Ǿ޽ʼˡ
һ￴׼ʱȵĳ֣ʱҲҶɢʱעΪеʱ̡
һ̣Ҷɫ̲ס΢΢һ䣬û뵽һﾹȻôѸٵҵʱȵĳ֡

дŭ֮£ҶʱѾʧȥȻҲѷŹǵĿ񱼵ꡣ
ȭ
һȭӡȥһ㣬ŶԷΧƶȥ
ߡ
޽һ޽û˿ͣ٣ǰľ޽棬ȥû˿ķâȴɲһȥͬһ޴ɽһ㴹£ҶҶ˵ѹҶɫʼ̲סһ䣬Ӱ˸ʩչ߲ٵĿ񱼡


2063 ս
顱
Ӱıһ֮£׵ɢΪޣһſžӨĹһ㣬֮Ʈɢ
ֻԵͣһµľ޽ٴεĿ裬Ǿ޴ֲľ޽޽ǰȴһ㡣
ն̡
ÿһ֮ж൱ǿı಻֮£ǿ˵񶼿ʼ𶯡
Ź˸һɺ嫶͵ĿϵҶΧ
䡱Ҷ֮ȭ;޽ľ޽ݺݵײһһĿ񳱣һ̣ҪһеһУ׵Ķһ㡣
ҶѸٵĴ˳ȥͬһöʯһ㣬Ѹٵķ裬֮ڲڵĴϢţ޷ŵĿǰľ޽𣬷·ڿһһ㣬Էľ޽̲֮صͿɲĽ⣬ȻﵽһԲĳ̶ˡ
ߡһ֪νСΪԼѪǿһУǴԲѵĶ޽ɫ΢΢¶һĨı顣
Ǿ޽𰡣ԷǿȻֲ˹ϻž޽һ޵еĽǿߣѾﵽ˽ͨľ磬˽һնһУһǲ𼶵ǿߣҶʲôȻһսһϿɵѪϵѪԴǺǰĶǿԿֻʧܵĽ֣ȻĲֵڶġҶ컹Ǳ˭ðƫƫ칬칬ǿڵķ֧֮һڵǿػţڵʵɲ⣬ȻĲǱϵô򵥵أںˣСӿǵ˲С鷳ˡҿһΣսҲȻĲӰ쵽ֵģСӵĽֻ
Χվŵļǿߣϴһשҡģ̬ţȴûпҶȻȥǱƺǲ𼶵ľ޽֮УҶȴû¶˿֮ɫ
·ԼʧܣȫĶһһ㣡
ܹ˱ˣԭֻһǾǶԷûȫķ
ǰһҶаԵĳԾѣ޽ԭҪǿſԼԦͷȥĺܣ޲õľҪģȴû뵽Ȼֲ˹ʩչ޽ʩչһҺãһҲֻһѰĲѣûжȹԪ٣ܹвҵİȫĳ̶ȡ
аԵ˼ţҶٴεĿһ۶Է֮ڷ˸ţеĹ⻪֮޲˵ˣʱҶھ޽ӳ̶ȡ
һ£ȴһ¡
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Ҷ죬ͶɣڵǾ޽˵Ķ֣칬ƿغػǲĻ͸ϿĹڵģȻ
ĵ귢˼һѾӵĺԶˣȫڰȫķΧĵϴԹɫҶһⳬԭҶսһȻҶˣǶȻĲ˵Ĳ֮ȴû뵽һεսȻûжٵķֱӵıˣȫ󣬴ʱеԹν޷ġ
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Ѱĺۼʼ֮ͷųޱߵٵı䣬һ㡣
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һȭٴεĻӶһȭ֮ǿԴ߶£ݻǳȭ˳գ
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𼶵ݻ˼£Բǧ׵ķΧ֮Уһжʼǿеѹ칬Χ֮Уһ޲忪ʼ·Ǹо۰ķһ㡣
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ߵĽٴεĳ֣ȭӡߵʩչϵľѳΪĺۼĺۼݻײҪĻһ㡣
Ƴռѹƣ
Ҷ˫Ŀɺɫâŭ
ûõģ
ӰĳԼѹƵģ޽Ц
޽·һһ㣬ʼޱߵĺۼÿһԽһӰ
䡱ϽŷǿֲĿռ䷨ֻԵѹƬ̣㱻ΪΪϸ΢ޡ
Ҷȴһ˿Ц
ҪĲҪԷѹ̫ãֻҪƬ̱ɣ
ս󣡡
ˣ
սǹ֣Ǿ޴սݻ˼£һǹ˲ĶһǹΪǿǹ˸еζ
Īƿʼ֮޲
ҶһʩչԼΪǿĻѪ֮Ҳսһʩչ
䡱սǹݺݵش̴ǿµ޽ɫʼ

𼶵ƷļΧ֮ϣǳһĻ谵һڵǿеȥĻ۵˾޽֮ϣֻһȴϵܡ
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սǹҶԦս̬֮£ٵļγĴģ
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顱
̤㣬һ߲֣Ҷȭٴεĳ
顱
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ǺεȿֲһȭϵܣſµĺۼһӰڱʷʫҫһζεĺۼӳУŴ֮֮Ч׷׵ͷų
࣡
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ôܣ
ĵʧĺ
̬޷ŵı飬Ҷľ绹ǿ󣬾ǿԽԼǶȻҲܹ𼶵ǿ߻
䡱
һɺ嫵ȻĿʼ֡
ΧѵĽɫѪٵľۼһѸݻΪ˾޽Ӱϴ˿˿֮Ҷ죬˫Ŀ֮дʱѾޱ顣
ŭ
ޱȵķŭ
õĲȻһСǶԷԼĵȼô࣬ôܲŭ
ˡûܵ˵ˡԼǰǹļ⣬ƺǸղѵľʹлԼԼĳš
޽𳹵׵ķŭеľ޽ȻıһҶ
߲̤㣬Ҷȫû뵽һﾹȻ˵Ϊˣһ¶ûС
εĶ㣡
ٴεĳ֣ǿȻޱȵĳҶǰݺݵػҶĽ֮С


2064 Ҫɼܣӷ㵽
ۡ
Ѫʼȥ֮УһѪγɣֵ˲ĻһѪˡ
ҶڵѪ䣬Ÿӿɲĺ⡣
֪ǰһĿֲ֮Ҳĸо˲ǿȷʵֻϵĲͬ
ԷĿ£ȻȫȻһ㣬ٵԼȥ·
ǲ𼶵ǿ𣿹Ȼǿĺܣ͵ĺܣ
ҶаԵĽе
ʵǿ߻һβģڸտʼʱǾ޽ԵûжȫȴʼĶԴˡ

ľѸٵĲĵϵ˺ۿٵɢޡ
ȴڴڵĴϢš
СɣǼҶ죬Ǿ޽ϴ˿˿Ц֮ɫеľ޽ʼϵĳһһ㡣
ܳүģ
Ҷݺݵ³һѪˮ˫ĿȻٶ
޵Уⲻ𼶵ǿҲ޷⣬ɱﵣΪǿֶΡ
Ժ񷣡
ٶϴﵽһ£ҶĿռ֮֮۵ƿ£ٵʩչʩչٶεƣÿһζǴһֲµۼ
顱һȭķȻĻ޽
ϣ
޽еľ޽һ㣬һƬĿռѡ
໥սϵϵŷΧǧķΧ֮жԸоһɺ嫵໥档
ߣһٶȺ޵УһϽİǲ𼶵ǿߣǵսһʱǿǿʼоǿƥ
ҶѪ죬һһƿƲ㣬ͨأƺǴǳһ㣬£
Ϊף޵УΪ޵У
һλҶԺ֮Уս𵱳Ҷ̻ģһ仰ȴʤǧǲǿߣȹμԪٵս˵Ļ
һ仰սµ򣬴ʱҶоһ㡣
޵УΪף
䡱
Ѫ죬ҶֱۻӶͬһһ㣬Ӷ£ǴŴ֮ƺݺݵسӭľ޽һơ
顱籩ıһ˳һƿȥ򵥵ĺܣʵȴǧļӳ֣صܵжôĿֲֻǰӭսľ޽֪
Ҷİƺݺݵػеľ޽Խ˷ޱȣľ޽һ˿ȥͽֿġ
ֿĺ˷ûάֶã˲䣬һȻĴҶϱ˳ƺƵȻıҶͬһαһ㣬ϴľˣһƵȥǧļӳ־ӳ
ۡ
һѪʵֲ̫ˣΪǿߣȴҲûа취ȥֿסġ
顱Ǿ޴ȭͷһȭӡӿݺݵػ޽Ķӡ
ȿȿȡ
ڵĿ޽ûзȵԼ壬ʱڰڲ˿˿Ѻɣ˱ʹ̼û˿Ƣˡ

Ҷŭһϴ֮Ʋϣ˲Ŀɲѹ˷ʼȻǲ𣬵ȴƺҲԶǿƺ̬е˿һӶ޷ȴս
顱
һȭȭͷ֮ӳ棬һ䣬޽ʼˡ
еľ޽Ѿò
һ𼶵ǿеˣ̲סĵɴԼ˫Ŀ޷ŵĿһĻٲȻڿһ񻰣һʷʫһ㡣
ֱҪʼǺȴһɰȭѹʼѣ֮޲һɰȭţϵĿֲǿ
ֻת֮䣬ȭսȻɱıǲ𼶵ǿҲǴֲǸоһֲֿϢ
ôܣ
Ҷһֱֻ֮󣬾޽̲סŭ޷ǰһУֱϴľʹȴòȥһеĳ֡
Խ
޽裬Ե֮ʼ޽ͼʱѡ񷴿ˡ
κΣʱû£ҶԽսԽ£ÿһȭԿһӣһ档
һȭȭϵݻӳ֣Ƽӳ֣ռӳ֣໥ĵһ𣬲ϵһΪ֮ޡ
ңңԶ֮Уĳ׵ĿʼԭΪǾ޽֮ԼͿ԰еƿһУҶ޷Ѳǿߵƿء
ȴû뵽ҶԽսԽǿԽսԽ£һҪմ򴩵ģ칬ػ𼶵ľ޽ǰѪ
һһ
뵽ԼȻΪŮ˶һһӺпʼ֣˵޽޷ƿҶ죬޷նɱǽܻĿԶûУҪùˡ
ݸ߳ڵţȴҲΪԼػģ֮иƣԼ̶ȵŲֻԼһˡ
һŭ𴫳Ҷŭ񷿪ʼͷŽԾ
ĵȴǲĸˡ
ϴŲɫ̧ͷȥһ޴Ļʼ֡
һϲƵĻֳ־޴սǹսֻʲô
͡
սǹ֮Ħžҵĺۼڳ֣ǻǹһ㣬֮޲ȼմǻ֮
ϺŰһƥĺ£ݻ硣
ҶҶĳȭϵ׳ţϵĴʩչ

һݳȻҶȭͷӶݺݵػ˾޽ԴѸٵѣѺۣչƣѪ䣬޷ŵĻ֡
ң֮Уһɺ嫵̲סıˡ
ڵǿ߳ˣƺƵһֱֻչҶ쿪ʼǿеѹȻһ𼶵ǿ߳ˣұ޽Ҫǿ
ʱҶ죬ȥδλǶԷĶ֡

һŭ𴫳һɺ嫵ս⿪ʼ䣬Ȼս⣬ȴʵʵƻ칬һƬļɹ漴һֺֻݺݵĴֱӽһֻɺ嫵ִܾķѡ
Ҷ¶˼ɫսһǿ߳ˡ
Ҳǲ𼶵ǿߣȻսҪ΢٣ȴǾ޽Ҫǿ
үģ۸սһΪսһ˺۸𣿡սֳһ޸ݵĳ˳̬һ񱩵һ㡣
еǿ޲Ĵһ£ֻĺ棬һսһǿǣ̤أ칬ڲ
ߡսһİܺãǴڿսɣ
һ̲ޱŭޱȣȴҶΪ֮ɫΪоϢϣԵĲս
ӵѪҶڣΪӺ۸𣿡ս񴫵ݣƺƵĴ
ڣ˭˵ҷҪɼܣӷ㵽ף


2065 
ƺƵһĲӿ֮ޱǿϵݻ
Ѫȼգʼǿɫ޲òҰ쳣ǲ𼶵ľ޽ɫʼ仯
ʱͬǱ籩һ㣬ɫҰףϵĶ֮УѪҲʼš
֮ϣһļͽûһǺõģҶǰԵȭ֮£ѹΪ̬
ȻԲǿߵʵҪȥָҲδһѵ飬ǽ֮ȴѾ㹻Ĵˡ
һõĲǿߣȻһ༶н۷Сž죬۵ĺܣһ㹻޽Ҫڼ尾֮жȹˡ
ǵĵɫҲһĲҰףսһţۣ˿˿ĳ鰡飬˶ҪëѾĿ಻˵ģôʲôˡ
֮⣬սҡҲɫƵĿ̲סһڣǿԵĻڿʼʱӦýԼõŮ˽Ҷ졣
ȴ֪Ҳֻһѣ칬Ļز˵ҴӾ޽ݲƵ̬ҲԿĳһʱѾԼ޵Ҫˡ
޲õĽԼ˴ж˿飡
ԼһΣǽ칬ʧ޷صĳ̶ȣһһû˿ջһǵùҪˡ
ս̫
֮УһȻŵλǿƥǿ߳ˣ֮еĲ˿ĲսСԼһ̬Է֮д൱ǿҵĲ
칬֮УڵʵΧڣ칬Ѿ߰㲻˵ҲǴʧأ˵һεǿȻĲˡ
ߣڣǵΪǲĵĻǣɣһӽţ

񱩣
ײУ
սΪԼѪԺΪУ
һʱ䣬Ҷ̲סĳһů
ԼڣԼˣԺڸǵĽԼĹذԼĵΪľάԼάԼˡ
˫ȭݺݵҶзŭţһԵĸж
ԣ
ʵǿʵҶûӣԼʵоС
Ȼսһ˴еߣҶȴǺ֮УڣڣʵǿᣬſԺսȼǿ߶Կġ
ÿһǸΪػԼѪȴûκεһԺս㣬ΪԼѪԺ˽̰棬ǵģսھںµǿа壡
Ʒıŷ
໥ļʱϢȴΣޱȣյ˼¡
֮УѸٵļţţͬ޾ǿڷĶѻУƺһֵըҩըһ㡣
ǹղϵݻţȴûϢһֿɲϢȴ㹻еǿǵһ

սͻȻŭһâ˸ϡ֮ԿһƥӰһţ漴ĿռѸٵıһĻʼĹ֮ϣռսһռ䣬ͻһ㣬Ʋɵ
ߡ
һƺߵ֡
ڵĳǿ߰ˣ
սܺã
֮дޱߵԹǣҪս䵽һ㡣
Ӵܺãڣǰ˵ģ˭ǵҶӵˣӾɱһ壬ȷʵǿᣬӵսһȴҲǳصģ
ըʡ
һ̣еսһǿŭ
ߡԶ
ߡԶ
ߡԶ
˲񷣬칬һ㣬ʼ񱩵ļţһ̣еǿ޲ʼɫ䣬ǵţоɲİһʱе˶оսһľġ
һַ֮ԻһĲݣõΪ֮ѪĴۣ
һԣһ壬ȺۣƿһУ
ߡһβô׵˵ģػһʱǾԲһһμԪ٣ս
ĳһ㡣
֮дžԵţɲҲҶԼԼ֮һĨ
սܵ˵ɫҲѿޱȡ
ˣӾͿ޾ѧĽ̤飡
սҡشݳ
ˣӾ֮ܵؿޣȻȫ
սЦź
ᱲȻĻΪڱģ
սһǿǷ׷׵ĺ
Թ޷ƶ־˲ⲻ𼶵ǿ߶ʼȻˣˡ
ˣҹսʷģһὫڸԪնϣ
ҹսʣ
˵ڵǿǵһҶҲһȻһǿ߾ȻҲˣ
ҹսʣҶ²ûдĻԼսѪӦǼ̳˶Էģһﵽ֣½ҶҿҲĺˡ
ǹڶԷĴ˵ȴԵĳΪʷʫû뵽ǣһﾹȻҲһ𼶵ǿˡ
ʱҶҲоˣԼսһʵδֻսǣʵҲǳġ
ģ
սһģǿԿ൱ģǲصĻγħġ
ÿһսһǿߣȴûһԸģǵ񣬼ֱһȺӣΪԼ˿Ըһеķӡ
һһȺǻ۵ķӣ
һʱ䣬е칬ǿǿǣڿսһǿ޲¶˵ӵɫ
һȺǻ۵ķӽа壬ֱҪ
ߡҵţ
ǿƺ߳ŭˣһݻ֮ѡʧ
ߡϽ߰ɣսһ̫ˡ
ǰӣȻٵĺܣֱһʯ޷ҡʯ
ǿаԵĳԾѡ
޽ɫ࣬ƿ뿪
޽ǰ
ĵɫ䣬ȫû뵽龹Ȼӣʱ޽Ҳˣͳ׵Ŀˡ
ߡ
һߴӾ޽ﴫݳǷŭ̬õĵɫٴεı仯
һ׵군ˡ
Ҷûһƾ֮۵ٵѰҵѾס溺ѩŮ
ʱ˻˯֮УҶȴԿĳŮûܵ˿˺Ļûü
һҲҶһѣҿһǷֵļʱһܵ˺ĻԼĻġ
һսƺǾĻˣ˭֪һսһ֮ìǳ׵ļˣһս޷ȹǼԪ٣սһøŵù
ǶȻĲŹһȺӵģ


2066 ҹ̸
һ־սʧˡ
һηͷʢȴҶ졣
һ֮ɱ칬֮УȻսһԮҶսǾ޽ĳȴǱ˳
һССĲ༶н۷СȻԺһɽĲǿߣֱһδ˵ˡ
е˶󵽣ԺҶĳɾ޷ģԷǿֲޱȣֻǲ༶н׶ѣǽ뵽˲༶Ͻ׵ʵ¾Ƕȹ˼ԪٵĲҲδǶԷĶ֣
ʧ˵һʧأһʱΪ̸֮۵Ļ⣡
κεһ˶֪һںսһ֮Թ»޷صĺ֮ìҲʹ˵ɡ
ˡ
â貣ϼǿŨȾ۷壬ݻΪ̬·׷ɡ
ʵ廯ı֣һ⻯ĳ̶ȣֻۺʹŨһ̶֮󣬲Ż˵ĳ̶ȡ
»䣬ɫ»ҲⷽԲǧķΧøӵ·һ㱡ɫɴ£һŮ̱ðϢ
봹ԣĵһöķȥζ
仺ԼԴˮһƬɫˮȥ
һƬ֮أ͵Ϣ
սһڵķΧ
лڵĳ֣
Ҷ칧Ķս
ʱ֮УһǿߣһεԭҪĺݣҳ֮⻹ż϶صߣ˫Ŀ΢΢˯һ㣬Ҷ֮ȴԴЩϼһϿһ¿ɲĺۼ
ֱһ񣬻ŵ
ϢԼĿʼ£Ȼȥ࣬ÿһϵĲЩϼһǵʵȻڲ𼶵ĳ̶ϣǱ޽Ҫǿܶࡣ
ʱҶ֪սΪʲôţ֮ǿߣڰǿߣƺǸҪʲôˡ
еһˣͿȥģ°һƳ룬ϴ˿˿ζƺһӵһ㣬ǶԷ˫ĿȴһְԵһɲϵ˸š
ҹսʣ
Ҷһۿ˶ԷݣȻûмҶȴ׵ĸоѪԭһǶԷϵϢ
ƺǸоҶעӣҹսʵ΢΢һ˿Ц⣬Ҷĵ˵ͷ
ߣ֮Ȼ֪ӵѪȻҲҳ֣ǴʱѵʱʹһˣԪٿ쵽ˣ֮ҲʼԽķˡսݳ
˫ĿϣǾǺһ㣬˸ϣһ¹ϵϢƶ˸ϣݻ·ƥʱĶҪƿն
¸ڣʵëǣֱӵڣǻɪʲôս˿ûй˼ɵĿһĿ⣬һ͹⣬˶һȴƺϤˣ˿ŭ⡣
ڰŲ򵥡һĻʯڵԼ˫ĿһߣսһУÿһǿߵ޲ǿĺܣģȴǺĺܡ
ǶԷǹ֮УѪԿٳһӰ̬ȴҶ˿Ĳȥġ
֮۵עע⵽˶ԷѪ˲䣬оʹȻǶԷѪѾΪԴķ
ǿҶ춼Ҫ޷ȥ̫Ŀɲˡ
ȷʵ򵥣ӶԿǸһƽȻѷɫ˼֣һսȴҲһǿУɴ⣡
սԼĴ˿˿ս⡣
ŵǿ󣬱ܶӵˣԷǿ֪ģôˣԷȥû˿ĸı䣬һֽԵǿ֮У˭ܹ֤ȴԣԷһεĳ֣ߵĺܣȴ˻ȥȻڵǻòע⣬֪Ƿѡǳ֣
һĻʯǿߣٴλؿ˵
˼ǣȺһǿʼ̲ס𣿡
սɫ΢΢һ䣬ƺ뵽ʲôһ㣬ؿ˵
ߡʱԸӵѪǴҪˣȴû뵽սһĴô࣬ˡ
ҹսʵﻺس˵
һ￴ȥĺܣȴҲһһӣԵĺܣ񱩵ĺܣȻսһˣÿһ˵Ƣǻʮ㣬ȴû˿ţĻԵţ޷ôõʱ䡣
Сĵ㣬һκǽµĳԹԻһʱģжϵûдĻǾӽ뵽Ԫٵʱ򣬶ԷԻǸʱѡ֣谭ֱӵĳ֣Ⱥһǲʲôĵģǰնɱˣ˵ǾһĪĺ£սһ֮أһؼıأ֮
Ⱥ顭ҹսʵҧгݵĵҲ˵ı顣
ڣǼԪ٣ѵûа𣿡
ҶͻȻĿʵ
ûаգȫûаգߴμԪ٣һαһײУȥĶԳ֮ΪˣٵĿʥ˼ǿҲô٣ǲףֻʥ˼ǿһﵽ֮󣬱ʧ٣˭Ҳ֪ʲôطôӿо͵ȴҲֻֻƬˡܹսôãȴû˿Ϣɼʥ˼ǿϢǶôء

սͻȻһس˵
ӵƲ⣬ڵڲӦźʥ˼ǿߵϵȻֻƲ⣬ȴҲһİѰȥ϶һ㡭
ʲô
һǿ޲𾪡
ʥ˼ھ˵ǿߣ
ս̲ܵסı仯Ľ
ҲֻһаյƲѣʥ˼ǿܹΣԷٻһΣ϶ΪΣѵʱ̣ǾԲֵģϾôˣһֱδȻǲСġ
⻰ȻˣҶɫȴ׵ı仯иӿ޵Ĳ
Ȼһε̸ֻȵһ֣еȴ㹻ҶΪ֮
ʥ˼֮оȻʥ˼ǿߣǱҲͰˣսԣԷ˵Ŀ϶һյġ
ʥ˼ǿ߻˭
ʲôط
ʥ˼ǿΪʲôϵһ
Щݣ޲ҶĿʼ
ǣսһѪԵһ壬ͨǵʵˣȴҲӺ£ʥ˼ΣӣƴҲǺÿ
սϴ˿˿񣬻ؿ˵
̬޲һǿ־·ûʲôǿµģ־ϵƣʱǿ׵ɨ


2067 㲻Ҫɱ
һҹĽҶ˽˺ܶ࣬Ƕδĵ·һ˿Ȼ
ʥ˼ǿߣأ·ĳռ֮Уûг֮ڡ
ЩһǣҶȴиоԷ϶ֵģǽ֮Уǻ£һУΪߵı塣
彫ΪǵϣΪǵĲƷôʱȦ㹻Ĵﵽһֲĳ̶ϣʥ˼ǿǻֵġ
ȴɻȥǻĽݻһ֣ӲſԼĽĻָ̳ȥһ壬ֶǶĵ˼°ҶЦ
࣬ʲôʱΪ˱ȦˣǱӦİ˭Ҳ޷ȥ·ǰĲ
ΪҵˣһҪػε˽ҵ˺ǣ½͵ϵˣȻĲܹӱƷɵ
˫Ŀâ˸Ҷ־ٴε֡
ϸϸ˼սҶԺ֮вϵĿʼƻߵԼĹ֮УҶ컺̤㣬һ֮Уȴ˿˿ĻߣƺЦƺһĪľᡣ
͡䣬Ĺ⻪һɺ嫵ĵ֮ݻһ޴Ӱһ޴ĵӰͳʮبų档
ָһ֮ݻΪһƥž֮УҶ쿪ʼֲľŤſռ䡣
ǿϢѾﵽ˲༶½۷ľ硣
˾˵ٶȺ;룬ǻ˵Ļ»˲еģҶȴͶһ㣬岻ܣһɺ嫵սݻΪһ޴ȭӡڱ
䡱ߵ໥ײ֮УʱӰŭŭ𣬽ռ죬ϵĲѵĺۼӵܣɼһŭ̲֮صǶôĿֲǷ
Ҷ졭
һ߳ʱһٵĳҶ컯һһĳ̹ȥ
⻪䣬²ϣ·֮һӰҶǰ
ĺܣ˵ĺܣһ֮дĹ⻪촽죬·ĸһǿҵĳ嶯
ϱһ޴ĵӰ˸Ĺ⻪
壡
ѩ
ٴεĿŮˣҶипǧԷǿԭҪֲѩûкҶʶĻҲΪֹʥĵӣӵĲҶΪУһΪҲᴥ༶ľҲδؿԴﵽ
ȴʵޱȾᣬõǿʵѩȴѾҶˡ
㻹𣿡
૵Ҷ˫Ŀ𣬵Ȼķ˵ֿƺѡҪĳһ㡣
顱ȭݻ־һȭӡݺݵػҶš
Ͼǲ༶½۷ǿߣҶ챾޵УͽȻܵ˵ػȴҲоһʹѰǿҲͰˣС椵ȴǲ򵥣Ѱǿ
顱ҶĽŲ΢΢˺һȴûг֣ûѡֿƺţʵΪȴ׵ļŭѩ
һ漴һɺ嫵ܿʼ
Ҷ죬Ϊʲô֣㵹ǻְ
֮У˸һ貵ڷı䣬ȭӡ䣬һƬգҶ챻ȫİΧȭӰ֮УײƻϵıƳ

Ҷڵ˺Ҳһ˿Ѫۡ
΢ϵѪۣҶ쵭Ŀѩؿ˵
𣿡
ѩϴŷŭǿҵԹޣԭӨȴռݣ̹ǣͬһŮڷķŭ
ûУûУûУ
ŭϵٴ֡
顱һȭһӴ£һռ䣬صĻҶš
ҶڶȴԼһʹȴ˿˿ĵЦȷʵΪеģǳΪѡһеĳֶδҵԭ컯Ū˶ѣĸףѾˡ̰ʹΪУǲȥ
죬Ҹף
ѩ·һֻŭСʨһٴεһݺݵסҶĲӣϵͼ
ȿȿȡ
ҶڵĿţȴ˿˿Ц⣺ǲȥ־ֻʱ˭ΪҽƾʲôҾ͸ƾʲôûǵˣñ˵Ĳȥ㸸ɱңƾʲôҸ𣿣
죬찡ҶŲɱ㣡
ѩĽеϴʱۣһ֮˸Ĺ⻪ޱȵĸӡ
ʹࡢʡԹޡᡭ
Ĺâۼһ𣬸ӵ˼¡
ҲҲĵʵдա
ѩ嵽˼£Ҷ죬һָӵĸ飬ԷǵһҲΨһһռԼ˵ˣҶżֺøк͸ӵĸ飬ԭ߿ԳΪѣǸĹϵ
ȴɱԼĸס
ɱ֮𲻹죬ѩ޷ܵ飬ϣҶҲδǴģ˵ģ˵֣ľˡ
סҶĲӣǴʱȴò˿
㲻Ҫ
ѩҶĺȵ
֮ɺ˸ĺܣѩɫĳ趯˿˿ĺۼѩҶҪͶԷ˶ϡ
ž
ɿһ˸֮УѩĽ֮дŲݳ
Ҷ죬㵱ΪҲ𣿡
㶯ְѩ㵹ǳְ
䡭
ϵƱҶͬһħһĿѩϴ˿˿ĺ
ְ
ž
ŲƶҶȻǰ
˵̬ѩûа취Ӷ֣˾ǰֻҪԵĻӶ֣һΣҶˣѩǿ϶Ҷû˿ôݵľ룬žԵİնɱҶ졣
ڣڣȴ֣Լȴ޷֣µϵݻţȴûа취ĻӶȥ
㲻Ҫҡѩ˸Ľе
㲻ҪΪױǸûᣬΪʲôˣΪʲôְ
ǵģһûᣬǧѷĻᣬԼΪʲôֻ֣ҪԵĶ֣һоͿԸ㶨ˡ
㲻ҪңҶ죬㡭
ѩĽţ²ȥ֣Լ׵ĳҪˣǵĳԼǰʱѩȴԼȻûа취ˡ
Ҷ졭ɱ㣬ȴҪⱲӶǷҵģ
ͻأʱѩһĺâ˸ϢĽе
á
Ҷɫ䣬ٵĳѩ֡

ֻӶݺݵسԼǰȥ
һѪҲص


2068 
˸ۣҶ̲סһ
֪С椾Ȼ˵ĸңһֱԼĪɱ⣬ǵҶҪɱʱȴ޷ˡ
Լɱ֮޷ȴֲܹһеĳ֣ʹѩ޷ԭԼȻѡ˶ϣ
ݡ
һҶɿķסѩĽ
Ҷ졭ӣ˭Ƿˡ
ѩؿ˵
ɵ椣椣ΪʲôҪô
Ҷ̲סĽе
ȿȿȡ
ѩСһѪʱòҰ׵ĺܣΪһƴһǿĻܵش
Ҷ죬̫ˣֵӢšҵļ֮µȴֻǸռұ˵Ļ쵰ǸĻ쵰ѩϻ¶һĨЦͽߣƺ뵽˶ǰҶΣǸСå
һӵĺ֮ת
ԣҾǲܹ𣬵ȴҲһӶں֮жȹ
΢Ҷٵİס˶Է漴ʼٵ뵽С
ǿʼѸٵıŷ
ľӴ֮ʼ
ʲôƻ֮Ȼ¡
СˣҶĻܺڵģСȻԼֵģȴԼС
֮ѸٵߵѩǸıȴû˵ǿңƻڲϵļ֮С
˫ںΪһ졭
س֡
ѾʵҶ¶һĨߣӣڶʲôʱˡ
Ц˵ɲҪҰڰ㣬СϵƲ֮ȥģҪķǼ򵥣ȴ൱ĸӣأǾϸͦˣǲĻҾͲ˵ˡ
а취
ŻѩʱѾѩޱȣܿľҪ׵ɢˣĺܣ޷ȥʱĴţۿС椾Ҫ군ˡ
֮ǻ֮ݻģǻ֮֮ȥ⣬Чǻ֮ҲδֵܹסȻǻ֮ݻȴҲű֮õá
ؿ˵
ҶĶͷϳ֣ԵĻҶ޲õĽѾĴŰ˲ͼ֮קһ٣ֱӵ˵̺ͷ
Ҳ֪ʲôطͳһȣɧޱȵһεģЦ˵بŲĵףʥ˼Ҳðʩչ֮壬СȻبź壬Ů֮֮УȴҲ̫֮壬ԭӵϳֵģŮϳֵĻǾŮۣҲ֮壬ܹϵĻƱػ˵ǲ棬С椣ҲԾȻ
ؽԼķʽ˵˳
Ҷ΢΢һⲻŮ֮ȦȦ棬ȴ˵ôӡ
СİǰڵʱɲҪʧȥ壬ǿǰԵǷҪȥǿнĻĽոл˲еģСӴ
˵Ȼֹ
ļһ
Ҷ̾һ漴ĿʼѩʱѩѾ׵Ļ˹ȥ˵ĽıЩҲҰ׵ĺܣ𽥵Ŀʼʧ
²˳٣ʱҶٵıסѩŷڲȥ

ǰ˵ŮҶ̲סĳһ
Ȼʱ˻֮УȻѩһƬѩʱȴûԭ޺аϢ
Աĳ˯֮УҲһĨĻߣĺܡ
е֮Σĸо
ѩҶε̾Ϣһ˵ȴѾǿʱڵѩ𽥱ñ˵϶ʧȥ
ȥĻС椾ˡ
˵С椻Ļ֪㷽ʽȻ᲻ҡ
ҶһŹֵεģԼ֮ϵȴҲ޷նˡ
ѹѩĽϣоĽ㣬һӵĻ𽥵ĿʼҶоÿ죬ȥҲ죬ѾҶǿеѹ
΢΢һӡѩԴӣ棬һͨ촽ע뵽ѩĽ֮С
һ֮ĳ֣ѩĽҲѸٵĿʼů˲٣Ҳĸֳһ˿糺ɫĹ⻪
ϢϵıҶ촽ռݣİΧסࡣ
Ȼʱѩڻ֮УҶϵע뵽ڣĽ𽥵Ļָ֮Уȴû̫ı仯ȻֶλȥԷĻָ
ž
΢΢һҶѾĻѩĽϣ͸ǻĴȴԵЩĶǡ
ѩ׷󣬴֮䣬޲ͻ壬һְֵĸоҶѩĽϻţĽԷ֮ΪԭʼķӦ
ĻԷڵ֮ŻȫĳסԼյڱϾھˣĻҲδػ˵鷳ġ
ҶĶ𽥵ģѩĽѾ˷Ӧ΢΢Ķ糺ɫķɫ𽥵ԽԽԡ
ԭѩ׼ڱ仯Ϊ糺ɫģȻСѾ˸оˣⲢϵĸı䣬ȴǽϵı仯
ƻضţڵҶָ֮һ󵭵ʪѾҶо˶Էĸı䣬һ𣬶ʱı漴Ѿĺܡ
ÿʼˡ
ҶڵĴϢţȻھˣȴҲδû˿ĸоһȻ˵ŮȴҲʵ԰ѳ֡
ҺҶ֪ʱھˣĻˣҲˡ
ڵĴϢŴҶ΢ѾѩĽϵȹɿȥ
ʱ䲻ˣȻ˵СڵĽ𽥵Ļָϵ˺ȴǲֹۡ
ѩĽԹĳҶǰ˲䣬ʱһӻʼҶ塣
Ȼǰ̽С椵Ľȴû룬ڵԹĳҶǰʱǿĳʵҶһѡ
ʼ
ҶڵĴϢţطֿһ԰޳ȣͦǹ
˻
УǿҵĴУ˲Ҷɫʼ仯
ߡ
ѩһߣҶĺͶԷںһ𣬵Ǿȫһ˲䣬һǿ֮ȴҶɫʼ仯
䡭
񱩶


2069 Ůۣ컣
оϺǿң
ǱѰǿң
ȻڿʼʱҶѾһ֪Ҫ쳣ܶࡣ
ǵҶȥ˲䣬Ҷֲ֪ǶôĿֲ
֮Уÿһ綼ҪķѺܴڴһһ㣬ǿҵĴУҶ˲ʱ̾ͲĽе
Ҷ뵽Ϊʱ̣ҶҪ̲סĽˣǾʱѩĽ֮ȴһǿҵı仯ڣӿޱߵ
䡱
嫵·һĿʼչȻǸоҶĴڣʱҶȴҲޱȣоˣС椵ڣƺĳִڿʼˡ
顱
嫵ҶĳǹѸٵע뵽Ҷ֫ٺ֮Уʼı

·֮䣬Ҷһŭһϱ۵ŭǶԼİռһ޷̵ķŭ
壿Ҷ΢ǳǹϵĿҲıǿԵˡ
һһĿʼֿסԷһѩĽ֮ͷų˿˿
䡱ȻĿʼײһһ㣬Ĵ󴲶ɺ嫵Ĵ漴ĳΪƬ
£ȵң
ѩȻݻΪ˻ƽɫһĺ£ݻǧһɺ嫵ܿʼͷųϴһǿҵʣһָ߹ޱȵʣһ߸ϵĵһ㡣
Ůۣ
һֿɲƣվڶԷǰоһԱǶԷ£һжֻǻҳһĴڡ
ǣѪľѣ
Ҷɫʼ
壬һبźѪϵۡ
ȴŮӼ̳Ѫ˵ŮӼ̳еĻڵѪԱȫļ
ѩѪȻǱļȴһŮۣѪҪ߰Ҫ
Ůۣ
Էǿ߹ҶΪѾ׵ļŭ˶ԷѩѪֱ֮ӵݻƿ
£ðھ㣡
ҶٵĶ壬ͦǹÿһζǰյ۵ѩ
顱
Ůۿʼֻ֣ӶһƬӣɱǿµֱҶľͼһնɱ
һѪֱƿѩʩչ˿ûƣǿѪȴѩĽϳһ˿˿Ĳֲ̫ˣҪȥʩչɲС˺
顱
ҶƺݺݵһӣѩĽٵƿأѩɫۻ裬Ҷȴ˿Ĳ塣
һδεĻӶÿһζҪҶĽž죬ʵҶ졣
ƻӶݺݵѩɫԲϾһơ
ž
ʵ㣡
öȴѪ˼ĺ֮дһŭ
žžž
Ҷ֣С椵Ѫŭ
ϣҪɱ㣡
ŭĽҶȻĸоѩĽһɺ嫵
ʱˣǷѪ߾ͻģ
Ҷ˫Ŀɺ˸޲ýѪһ٣ǺȻһ㣬ԷԼҫԼϡ

оǿֲڷĻţıĻҶ첻£ѩС椾군ˡ
ҷ˭Ѫӵǿ󣡡
Ҷ﷢һŭʱһһɺ嫵ʥҫ֮ʼ
־٣
Ҷʱﵽʥľ磬̲صǲ֮־ʱ˲Ľ˳ͶԷŮ۵־ײһ
Ȼĳ֣˲ǿ֮жʼ
䡭
ޱǿ˲˳֮޲ʼΪʵʣݻΪ޴Ӱ
ϵ֮ӰǿɲŮӰ
໥ײĺ˲
ÿµۣ
Ҷ˫Ŀ˲֪ȴ൱Լ֮ǺεȵĿֲǿ
֮ǾߣžԵȨҶûʩչһȴǽ֮ٻ˳ⲢҶٻǱŮ۵־ġ
ɴ˿ɼŮ۵ǿǶôĿֲﵽһô˵ĵز

ŮƻһƬǳݻΪһǺӿʼѸٵı䣬֮а޾ܣž
֮˿ûԷĳ֣˦Ȼıһƥ֮ݻ֣̲֮ǬŹͨЧһʩչ񷶼Ϊ̡֮
ǿеѹ
顱
ѣ֮ٴεʩչʼ磡

Ů۷˸ŭĻΪһŮۣų޷󵽵ֶΣʱһŭһսֳ
Ů۵磡
硢Ů磡
޲ͳǿߣƿžܣʱʩչҪԷǿеѹѾ־־ϵײϺ͵λϵս
ȡ
ҶͦǹѸٵĽԼѩĽںһߵеϵһ𣬽޼䡣
֮ѸٵĹעѩĽ֮УʹŶԷ־ʼѹ
ߵʼΪԭʼײֽ֮֮Ȼͬȴ໥ݻѸٵļһ
Ϊغʥײҫ۶貵Ĺ⻪
Ϣ
ɺ嫵ϵĿʼ仯ᡭ
أ֮Ŀʼں
Ů۵֮Ҷʥ֮໥Ĳ࣬بδһһ㣬ϵ໥ںš
Ů۷һĽŲʺڵĻǱ֮ѹ
أҶоԼڽ뵽ѩĽ֮к󣬿ٵ˸Ӧһɾٴε뵽Լ֮У໥ĵ죬໥Ĳ࣬γһԲ
Բľ磬ʹҶɿɳš
һڼӳ֣ڵҶһһǿ˳
ѩһİͽ֮һɱղž֮Ѹٵע뵽Ҷڣһ̣Ҷһ̫ӡѸٵתγޱ߾޴ĺۼʼݻ
ҹɫĳ˳»䣬ߵС
ϵĲţϵĴϢţһڴʱˣѩ
Ǻܿһȴ˿оԼϴΪԭʼĸо̲סһش˵С˳


2070 䣡
»ͷţȾΪһƬɫۼ
貹⻪Ĵ֮ͷųγһӡǣ֮޲䳹˲񷣬һʥ߾һ㡣
仯Ҳսܵ˵ɫʼսܣǶŽе
Ҷ죬̬Ϣڳɳ̬ѾĲٴεĽ˰ɡ
սҡ˵ҲһĿ֮ɫ
Ҫ뵽༶֮ٴεȥ͵ȥ£սһĸι̣ҵűѸĽٶȣȴҲԵûҶ̬ĳ̶ȡ
ҪӲ༶һȼǾ͵Ҫ˵Ҳøǧ굽ʱ䣬Ѿģոռʱֻǲ༶½۷壬ڵн۷壬⻹ûйȥãƺٴεҪˡ
ⲻڴʲô


ˣ
Ҫ
ǿԹ
һҶ졣
ʵҶڵ״̬Ҳ൱Ĳѩ뵽еһ֮һɾ֮ٵĽ뵽ڡ
漴İԼϵĻۣʼɿţ˵ĻҶȻǲǳǺͼƻ֮еĲ̫һҶڽһ֮ȴ֣Լƺǽ뵽һƿ˵һ̫ӴˣԼҪ˲ǵһ󹤳̣൱ѡ
ҲҶǽһ
ǻôӴһ˲ʱ̾͵ùҵҲҿǿĺܣ˵Żȴû̻ĵز
ž
һѺ۳֣֮ʼ϶֮
ڵľڲϵĻ֮С
̫ɲˣޱߵĺ⿪ʼע뵽֫ٺ֮С
ˢ
ѩ͵֮д˿˿Ľɫâޱȵâ˸ϣ˽ɫһ㣬ҶϿţ촽ݺݵرǱҧס֮д˿˿ĸӡ
ʱѾ鲻ĴϣԹ̬ҪôжôǴʱ໥ϵһ𣬾ǸɵҲ֪еǷʲô
ѩȻڳ˯֮У֮໥ϵʱʶҲʼˡ
ȻĿԸоԼϷʲô飬ĸоΪ޷ʹĽˣ뵽Լʱ̣ǲĽǴŻİȻ϶ʼû
Ҷ졭
ݺݵҧס촽ѩ̲סƵעǰҶ졣
ȱѩɫĹתһŮ۵ϵͷš
ҶŮ˵УŮ۽ĪҲ˵ĪŮ֮ȴһֹ°ʣͬһͳĽһ㣬Ѫᡣ
ѩȻҲŮ۵ʣȴͬǼԦͳǧľһ㣬߹֮һҪȥҰ
ͬŮʣȴŲһջ
˵̬ҲҶΪĳ
СǺŭ֮ҶȴЦʱǿƣ֮е̫ӡǾתٿ죬ȴҲûȥһһ֮ôӴһɺ嫵֮
ģС椵Ȼ֮࡭
ҶޱȿƵ
ʱûмʱȥһĻҪ˵ȥˣܹܲסٵһΪѵ顣
ˡ
ѩƵĿԼҶ̲סεЦȻ˵Ϊ˾ѩ̹֮ƺǲʱ

ִ߶һɺ嫵Ȼ֮гֳ˸ɭȻϢٵҶ̲סĸоԼһٵ

â˸ͬԣ漴âٵĴѩ֮ͷų
һ°ķУ絶罣ĺܣһɵǿƥȻûȫͷųɺ嫵ܣǴǹϵȴԸоϢУһ˲ͿһƬ񷡣
ŮСҾȻʩչˣƵУѩ΢΢һȻû뵽龹Ȼӡ
΢Ѹٵ̽һ̣Ѿ¶һĨһɺ嫵ߡ
Լԭľ磬ʱѩȻ뵽˲༶н׵۷徳磬ǺĽףٶȿٵľˡ
ǰޱߵƺƵߣһɵʱĶͷųѹǧĴڡ
ǿҲѩ֪ԼһεջǺεȵĿֲ
ǿԵһеĴڣҶѩ֮ߵ໥ڵںһ໥ĵ죬൱µġ
ҲϾͿɲǿЧģҶ컹ѩǿѪ˵һεҲһѪϵĵ졣
ŮѪҶսѪ໥ײи֮ĳ֣£ڽеȱȫĲ䣬Ż֮ȱҲһб
еԭ̫ˣҶҲ޷Ķ졣
Ҳδؿ˵еľԭ
ȿȿȡ
ҶͻأĿʼǿȻĿʼˡ
һѪۿʼ
㡭
ѩ΢䣬Ȼ˵ɱȴѾʼԵ
Լ׵飬ѩʵѾ˺ܶˣɱҶ죬ԼĸҲḴģһΣҲҶԭ򣬶ǱΣеĽķſ˲١
Ҷֳ֮ԹĲ࣬Ҳѩķһ츲صı仯
ѩɫĴϣǵ÷Ѫ˵ҶĵһˣŮ˵ޱҪһ顣
֮ԭۼһҲѩҶ̲סĹ
ƺЩ˵㡣
ҶޱȿƵЦ
Ƶ˼£ͬǹͨ໥ں֮໥ˣѩΪһ༶н۷ǿߣԼڻڿţԼۣϵѣҪˡ
Ҳ̫۸˵ɡ
͡
һâȻĳ֣һεĳȴѩ֣Ǵһϳֵġ
һĽֳ˸˿˿ĺâһĳɿ趯ţâ˸ˣɭȻޱȵĽҶϵĺëʼ
ۡ
̫ˣֱӶҶ

ѪҪĿʼ
溶
Ҷ̲סĽ
С椣ѾǵڶζԼˣԷԭڳ˯֮У֪ʲôʱѵģҶԷǿԼѩΣΪԼռѩıˣųֵġ
䡱
ڵ֮͵ĶһɱĽ⽣̹ǵĺܣĺܣҶڵʱʼߣһɺȻһ
趯аϢĴҶ˳
áߣ
Ҷɫʱһ䣬Ķѩ


2071 ħ
䡢а졢ǿ󡢷
Ϣںһռ̬ǾһĿ£Ԩһĺ䡣
ɺɫħǶħ۾һ㣬˸Ĺâ֮да˼µĲ͹⻪
趯һĳӣѪɫĳӣɱ֮Ѹٵת
䡱䳹˲նһĿռ䣬Ҷٵһȭѩɵһ࣬ǱĻС
ۡ
һѪʱҶ챾ڵѾڿޱȣٴεܵشֱҪõ
溶
ѩ﷢ٻ
͡
ķۺɫ⻪溵֮˸ƺ¶һĨ䣬Ǻܿһ˿䱻ˡ
ɱʥħɱʥħԭ򣡡
һɺĳҶд󺧣һɺɫħѸٵĲħ֮ϡ
Ȼһǿħڽ溵Ǹˡ
͡
ݺᣬɺ˸ռһʱ䱻⽣
ŮУ
ѩĽһֻ֮УƳУٵѵһɺ콣
ߡ
Ҷƺһȴٵĳ溳ȥ
Ҫȥ
ѩ䣬ʱҶ˭ʶħһ㣬ڽȥĽΧеΣ൱µġ
֮ì
Ҷ˫Ŀɺ˸ĺܣϵѪʣȴ˿Ĳ⣬һâ˸ݻΪһì
֮ì
͡
ìһâٵ溵Ľ֮С
𡭡еʹ˳ֳһаļȫĲ溵еɱʥħǼٵĲ
Ȼ
Ҷŭȼգɱʥħ֮п϶һֿµ־ɱʥħնɱߣϵĴܣմȾʥ˼ǿߵѪ
ǺߣѪ̲֮ſµս⣬һδεĵ֮ԵѾϵ־ֻ־аĺܣֲĺܣѰ֮˿ȥԦ˵ġ
ڵ溱Ǳɱʥħħѹƹȥȥƿء
𣡡
﷢һĽԨŮŭһ˲䣬һԺѾûΪѪɫѪĿֲˣľĹâ䡣

Ҷս⻯һһ㣬ٵƿ˶Էƣ漴ܣȻĳȭ

ϣҶȭͷȴҲѪģһ̣ȻԷɱʥħҶȭӡûзֳ¡
ģڵ֧ԼʩչΪǿҶɫ΢䣬˲һɺħѾɱ֮ٵļ
ʵϣҶڵʵȻܵˣȻͻƵĹͷҪȥ㶨ȴҲһ£ؼڣҪȥ˺溵ǰ¶öԷеɱʥħǾ͵Ҫúõһˡ
еΣպ޷󵽵ġ
͡һһһ㣬ޱȣȻĴŴ̵ѸٵĳҶϴȥһΰϢεȵĿֲǿһǬһ㡣
ۡ壬Ҷֱӱ溶ˡ
溶
Ҷĺ
֮дʥӤ־ڼӳ棬ݻһС͵籩ǿĺܣĺܡ
һ𼶵ǿҪȥҲѵġ

Ҷ챻ɱʥħһѩʱһ䣬ɱʥħɲǼ֮а֮ǿˣֻҪǱˣҲֻ·һġ
Ҷ졭ѩĽĵĶЩ֮ϸĴʹǴʱȴҲ˲һˣٵĳȥ
Ҫ
Ҷĺ
ϴʹɫȻһƳ֣ٵסһɱʥħ
һǿȻҪǾ͹ɣ
ɱʥħ֮дޱȵ֮дһֺޱȵϢһ㣬Ե翴⵽ӵŮӵ
ЩҶ˼֮УɱʥħĽεҧסָ΢֮ٵ溵ü֮һ㼴ţ
ˡ
˸Ӵļ俪ʼ֣Ҷļ䣬֮ü䡣
䡱ȫͷŵ˲䣬溵ѾʼıӴļ䲻ϵԺ֮ͷţԭļ俪ʼһһ顣
溣ܵʼԴݺԺ֮ܵ˷ӡеļͱˡ
ڣȴҶٴεͷ˳ӴϢش溵Ľ֮ͷųҲڲϵ˸Ѫɫ˷ۺɫ
ȥޱȵ峺еĹ⻪ڼ˸š
ȻԵļ䣿ֶΣȴ޷ƿˣҪˡ
ɱʥħ棬Ȼĳ˵漴Ŀٳһɺɫ⻪ͬɺɫѪһ㣬ޱȣѸٵĳҶ˿˽ȥ
䡱
ۡ
ֲոյ壬ʱҶ̲סһѪ
𡭡ŭѣҶ˫Ŀɺ˸һаħݻɱʥħȻӴ־־ڳѹ
ѰʱҶԵĲССɱʥħǶԷվɱʥ͵Ĵ˵ҶҲġ
ӵӴޱȵ־Ӵ־κεа޷
ڲһҶ̫ˣȥڶʱ֮ڵ
һľʹҶ̲סĿʼŭ𣬷ʹ
һʥƥѪۿʼɣʥ͵ѪϢȻȥôʱˣϢȴɿһУҶ֮еһûа취ȥƿء
ʥ˼Ϣ͹ʥ͵Ѫںϵġ
һ˿һеġ
Ļ쵰Ҷŭ
Ҫֿˣ־εǿ󣬵ȴҲ޷ʥ͵ʥѪԿĶ
Ц˳ޱڴȻһѾ˽ҶռݵĿˡ
䡱һѸٵİռȥ֮еӰ޷ʥӤĪΣ
ۿݣһ̾ҪʥӤˡ

Ҷ־Ѹٵıһ˲䣬ȴһѪ
һ̫ˡ
顱
֮ޱȵʱѡ˱ⱬҶ찵ԵĽп಻
ʵ̫ôˣʱ֣ڻϽͰ
ԵĻҶҪŮϳȻٸ㣬ֱӸ㵽ԷͶΪֹ
Ȼ磬Թϵ־Ϊÿֲǿʵ̫ˡôҵȴô
ݳһѸٵĿʼ漴һ㣬뵽Ҷ
ҵˣҵˣôˣˡ
Ȼ֮䣬Ҷһڰ˼µʼɣǿ֮ӳ
䡱
â˸ңٵ
⡭ʲôʲô
ĽȻĳ֣޿ֲ


2072 ᱡᱡԼŮ
䡱
ޱߵʼ£ͬһֻ̰һ㣬ϵɱʥħʼһа־ѹȥ
ʲôʲôΪʲô˵ǿͿֲҵҪа񡭡⵽ʲô֮д޷ڸǵĲ·ǿԼһ㣬ǼĽ֮޷ڸǵı˵ӡ
䡱
޴ʼ֣Ҷ˫ѸٵĽɱʥħĴԼ֮аγ漴ϣһаʼ֣ɱʥħӵа
һϵֲĴҶڿʼֳ
һаϢϢǿԽһж׵ѹһ㣬϶ãϢݻ˼£γΪǿҵĳ
˲ĳȥɱʥħһпʼѹ˿ûиԷϢĻᣬֱӵû¡
֮
Ҷĺ
Ǹ֮ƽʱ͵ҪÿζҶΣʱ֣Ӵĸ֮ɲĺܡ
ƽ֮УȻ˭ȥᣬҶҪȥƿأ񣬵һռԼĵ֮󣬱ͬһֻ޴ͻһ㣬ٵĳ֣һѹȥ
ֲޱߵĸ֮˿ûɱʥħļɵ˶ԷһУͶԷƽȫһ
ɱʥħ־ʵϾһ޴ļߣգɱʥħˣ޲൱ңеҪԭҲΪɱʥħ֮дڵ־Էڲ֪ɵ˵һУİռе
ʧȥɱʥħ־Ըõƿɱʥħһ˿ĸı䣬ϸӵĲӣ˵ɱʥħڲһԱƿص
һɱʥħа־ȥҶΣƺǿʼ˲٣ǾʱһȴȻı漴ĵ˳Ҷĵ￪ʼѸٵĹעĵط֫ٺ޲ʼ
һеһжڱİռš

ۡҶŭһһѪɱʥħ־Ǹ㶨ˣǴѩڵ֮ȴٴεĿʼ췴
֮ԶȻһв٣ǶԷһزūһ㣬ֻҪǲ漰Լ棬ռԼĵ̣ǾԵĲѡֵġ
ڵȻǿκΣⸯ֮ȴûжֵĴ㣬ͬһһԼĵ֮УȥҶ
ү
Ҷ챻ѾҪѪˡ
ĸ֮Ѿģƽҵ֮סţھȻȫӵң
ҶǽһưƵҪ
ֱҪ̫ɺˣ̫Ҫˡ
ۡѪڵţҶڿʼҵš
ת
ҶͻȻŭһȻĿʼתԼġתһžѧ֮У̲֮صޱǿΨһİ취ǽ֮׵ȻΪԼӣȫָһԼʵһ¥֮׾Ϳġ
˵Ӵټɱʥħ־Ȼˣħϵаȴûб׵Ķžֱӵ֮໥ĳҶڱŷȥ
žֳҶ忪ʼٵĶ
졭
溵ĽǷۺɫ֮УŹ֮ɫ
ļ䡪ָˣ
溶ļָˣ
溵ĸı䣬ѩ϶ʱ¶һĨϲ֮ɫ
ѩѩɫĽ̲ס¶һĨ糺֮ɫȻļ䲻ָˣһʱ֮Уѩ֮֮¡
뵽ԼĲ溵ɬӵ
ô죿ô죿
͵ĿҶϵ˺ۣٴεĽ
ڵڵҵ֮޷ָ֧ҪĻȴֵҪһʱ䣬Сӿû֧ŵǸʱġ

һɱŰϢȻĴҶڿʼ
ڵǱѰǿͿֲһа˼µĲ
͡
˫Ŀɺ֮дѪ죬ģ𵱳Ķ溸ӵа񲻿
ô£
Ҷ仯ѩ溵̲סһ仯
߻ħ
ѩͻȻ뵽еԵɣ̲סĽ
߻ħ
ҶʵҪ߻ħǶȻĲܵģϵʼ߻ħľٵĿνħҲ֡
¶ûоԵģ˵ڡ
Բﵽ̫ԲһǸϵķ򣬵ڵҶڵ֮ȻҲӴ󣬵ȴ޷ȥĽ֮ȫĽҲʹҶڵսһ㣬ϵս޷ԲҲʹҶڵܵĪĴݲУһֽħһ̬֮С
֮֮ıҶеıŰ˫Ŀǰѩ溣һӿ񱩵Ϣ˫Ŀ֮ͷų
ռǣǣռǣǣ
·һҶĶ߳ˡ
Ҷȥţȴгˡ
ħ
Ҷаһ濪ʼ׳
ߡشҶﴫ˳
־ˡ
ôˣ
ҶʼϵĿ񱩵溵̲ס¶˹еɫеʵϷޱȵĵǡ
չĵʱΪǿҵĴҩһ㣬Ҷеһǿĳ嶯޲ýǰŮ˺ݺݵѹԼ£ķй
졭ߣ
ҶеҪͦסˡ
ģħ̬Ҫħˡ
ѩĽҲչҲһĨ֮ɫ˸һʱȫû˿İ취
ûа취κչ֮ѩĽȴǳԹĳҶǰ
ӿʼΪֹѩûдȹϵĴ󲿷ֵȹҶ˺ˣȻǰĴһֵ֣̬ȴӵȻ
Ҷǻȵ˫ĿһԱѩףʱ޾ʼ
䡱
ȫʧȥϵһ㣬ҶֻҪŮ˳׵ռУռǣѹƵԼ֮£
ž
һʱ溵ĽҶ챧˻
Ҷ졭ʲô
ҶĶѩʱ

ҵĴϢҶҲûٴεһֱӵѵѩǽеһ
͡
ѩĽȫĳ˳Ƿ˵̬˵Ļߣ޲ǿҵĶҶȥռݡ
Ҷ죬㵨ᱡҡ̲סѩȻĽ
ᱡᱡԼŮᱡ𣿡
Ҷһʶһ˲䣬溵ȹֱӱѵˡ
ԼģһԴʹĽش˳ӨӨĹ⻪˸š


2073 սħϢ

Ϣ֮ž֮Ĳ֮ϵĴݳ
⽿֮Уһ˿˿ʹǸȷʵһĻ䣬ȻһĽ
»ȥµ׵˸صһг׵γһƬĹ
Թ໥Ĳһ𣬲ϵķĴϢ֮
ҶֻǸоԼ·ڴһ㣬֮ͬһ㣬ȡ֮У޾ĸ
壬ϵĴˬָ֮оޱȵڵıŰ֮ɢţ֮ڵԭؽһγһɸӺ嫵
⻪˸ݻʥµĺۼ
漴һ֮УҶٴεһѰĿ꣬·һֻ֪ƣĹһ㣬̰ٴһ߰׻Ľռš

ѩĽѩĽ棬ʱ˵ĺӡȥ֮дƣ֮ɫѩ֮кˮϵţʪһͷ㷢
أ֮Ȼƣ룬ȴ˿һľӨ飬ȴԵøӵ֮еϢκεһ˶޷ȥܾġ
ʱҶ̰溵ĽȡţϵİռϵȡѾһһҹʱˣҶûͣЪ
Ƕǲ༶ǿߵʵѰŮҪǿҶԵȡȴҲЩԲˡ
졭
ڵ溵Ľһ֮УͼУ漴ȴ̲סĽ

ҶҲڴڵĴϢţһаûȫͷųаĻڳֳ
ϵģҶȴſ溣ٴγѩ˹ȥ
Ҷ졭쵰
ѩһĺ£ǻûзӦһ̣Ҷȴٴεİռ˹ֱӵĽ뵽ڣȡ
ⶼһˣ
սһ֮ɫĽе
ţƣ
սҡⶼ̲סİԸ̾š
뵱ӿǱ֮ΪСΰڰû뵽СӸ͡һ̲סĸ̾Է൱ȳƣû¡ļ⣬ȥһħ޵̬
ģսһбȽټ
УСأҿһֻɫǣ
սû˵
սܣսսǵ𣿡
ΪսǵӴĽеʵҲͰˣǾȻɵԼ˵ıϣͲˣսһץ֮ɫĺ
˰ɣɣɧ꣬ϴϴ˯ɹ
սû˵
ߵһٴεĳ֣ΧսһǿȴϤһĻ˷׷׵ҡҡͷѡ뿪
»ٴεס
һһҹʱӹȥˡ
»ɫĹ⻪ˮһ㣬ɬһƬ֮Уȴǿеֹ棬ڲҶ컹ڲ֪ƣķйԼĳ嶯а
溺ѩŮνֶξΪҶ췢йһЩǶΪֶ֮ζʩչ˳
ڵҶĺһļ٣һ˲䣬׵ıˡ
ͬͷŵ漴ĵƣޱȵĺš
˵ʵεǿ󣬾žȴҲܹ˵İԵһһҹûкۡ
ڷڣһĿҶϴһ˿ɫڵѸٵӿγһĨ
༶Ͻף
ٴεĽף
ҶҪĿٴνһ󲽡
ƾѣﵽһʮεĳ̶ȣռ֮ƿظȲﵽһȫµɱ䣬ʮ׵Ŀռƿأһξ޴ƿء
һεľ޴ɱ䣬ȫΪҶ׵ԭɵĵһֿռ֮ԭ
ศɣγɵĺﵽʮ׵ĳ̶ȡ
ߡ
һߵ֣ߵ֮д˿˿Թ
Ҷ΢΢һʱĿһŷŭѩ˭
մ˿˿ŭһĨûʧ糺֮ɫȻС椵ԹСü𣬴һĨʹ֮ɫ
һһҹı̢ɲѰŮӿȥܵסģҶǿᣬ˿ĲǴϢĻᡣ
ΪؼĶǣҶûʶһ㣬ֻ֪ϵȥйԼеаȫûй˼ɵǡ
ҿŮӣһ˵Ļ˵ˡ
ǸоԼ֮ϴʹ뵽ԼȻޱȵļ붼÷ŭ
ٺٺ١
Ҷ̲סһЦ
ЦݣľѩĽ΢΢һɨ˲佫ϵƿʼָ
ѩԼǳ˯֮е΢΢һǣҶ컺ؿ˵һζлˡ
ѩ֮ìܻûȫʧһȴҲѩûг֣ĻҶ쵱̬Ծ군ˡ
ߣҲǲɱ㣬Ҫʱɱ㣡
ѩɲˣ֮Ľϻߣˬĸоһøӵ
ĸоղŵֱ̢˿ĲѷɫС̲סſ޲õҪһ㡣
ߡ
ݺݵҶֱϾһڡ
˻
Ҷ̲סһȴת壬Ļѩֱӻᱻġ

С΢΢һ̲סĽе
ǣǻ
Ҷ֪Լһκѩ֮ìǽĲˣԷԼ֮ɱ֮Ҳ𽥵ķˡ
졭
ߵĶٴεľ溡
һϤϢٴεҶһĶѡ
ѩĽ⣬ƽ̹СԼ˵ѩΣ޲һȻϢٸϢͻ֮µĵ糺춼ҶΪ֮Ķġ
оҶٴ˳嶯Ů̲סķ˾
ѩһᣬݺݵؿҶ죬޲ý޵ļһҧ
Լ¾Ȼᷢ˿ɳܵĽһ¶ŭ
˯ɡ˯ɡ
ҶεĿԼʼ𽥵ѵĳһʹЦ
ܾúܾû˵ķˣڵ̫ӡǷת֮ϵĴ͵ںϵԼ֮С
һȴڲϵıţʵʹ쳣
졭ҰɡƺǿҶʹģ̲סЦ
Ҷ죬溾ͷ·һһǵԼļ֮溸ǷԼҶ˺ǶôأֹһεĴҲ溵һĨӰ
溶Ϣɣڵ塭
ﻹû£һǿҵĴ̼ȴݵȫ֮С
ٴνֻ֣֮ǱԭҪ˺ܶ࣬ʱĹȥһ֮
һ漴һٴεĻعƽ
ҲҶ߸ոյ뵽˯ãҶȴһǿĲҶ˫ĿȻ
Ҫɹˣڳˡ
Ҷɫһ䣬漴ĳ񱼶һɢȴ̲סŭ
սħ˰
ϢǶսħ𻹻˭


2074 ʮһǿߵĽѣ
â˸ޱߣһ̣Ҫ񷶼һ㣬޷ڸǵĿֲϢȾ
Ʋϵڱŷţγɵĳһ㣬֮Ϲӿ
ǽѣ޾Ľѣ
ڵĴﵽһˣ
񱩵ŭ˷ܺͼ
ʱ֮ڲһɺ嫵Ѹٵչ
ҶʼѸٵĻһǿĺۼ֮Уâ˸֮ǵ֮ڲϵͷ֣š
ϢѾˣȴûа취Ϊʱûг֡
ģսħѾΪʲôҪʱ֣
Ҷҧгݵĺ
ԭŮ´һ£ȴû뵽⶷սħҪɽˡ
༶Ľѣ
ѰˣҶȻĲҪȥģ⶷սħȴһǡزǧ塷ͨǴŵزصһ־
еճ̶ȻĲСҶ춼ɣһ⶷սħɽٵĻ˵ûٵǿΪ֮פ㣬ǳֵġ
͡
һ磬ǿ޷Ҷ뵽˲༶Ͻ֮󣬵һչֳԼٶȡ
ֱѾѸٵҪˡ
ٵľˣʱ߲ﵽ˼£ݻɣ·£ĺܡ
ֻת˲ѣҶƾŶڿռ䷨Ѹٵǧ֮һŹϡ
һŹѾʧȥ˴󲿷ֵȫһ㣬һѾ
طɽ٣ڶսħ˵һòˡ
ƽû˿谭

ֵһһ޴Żʼγɡ
Ż֮Уһڳ֣˲һѾ
裿ħʥħ
һʮǿ߾Ȼĳ
ʮһﾹȻʼˣ
Ҷ϶ʱ¶һĨĵɫǣһοһδջ񣬱Ͼʮ༶ǿߣһʮһǣÿһŸͨνǿĺܣһȹѣеΪһ˵ĳ̶ϣҶ˵ôҲǲٵģ
Ҷ١
ʥħ˷׷׵Ŀʼ
ԣһǼĳɹģǰĵȹѰɡ
Ҷﻺؿ˵
С̫ǿˣ
ʥħɫ΢΢һ䡣
ȷʵǿֲĺܣʱһĻƱػӦģʱ򣬻һĶɽ٣׵Ķ࣬ĻʮһһɵĺͽѸ޷󣬲ƻ޷ƿصģ
̲סü
޷һҶ԰źãǾɽٰɡ
Ҷ쵭˵
֮дžԵţʱǲ༶ϽǿߣžԵҫʮһһĽѣǶսħ֮⣬ǿţԲ˵ʱֵģӲʲôΣ
ĿһǶսħüͷ΢΢һ
ʱǶսħһĽâ貣ݻ֮Уһ޴ħԳŭһķӡǣÿһǿԿһһ㡣
޴ħԳһ޴ĴӰǻ߲߷˷Ϊӡǣʹȱ̬
ǿƥԺն磡
Ҷ˫Ŀ֮һ㶴һһС
ʱĶսħϣսⰻȻѪ죬νǿ۷ʱڣȻһΪ˶ɽ٣ﵽ༶ǿ󾳽磬Ѿ׼һεĶɽ٣ջ϶ҲǲСġ
𡭡
ʥħǿŭһһ񷣬֮޲ۻΪޣϵĿռ޲һŭʼòѺ֮γɣڰĺۼıޱߵʵΪֲ֮ѡ
䡱
ڵ֮ϵĽѿʼı漴ʮǿߵ貵Ĺ⻪ơħơʥ⡢аâıȥ
𡭡
ŭ֮ݳ
漴İŶսħڵʮһһĳ̤ȥ
˻֮Уʮһһÿһ𶼴޾ͨݻһ磬һռ䣬פռ֮УӭԼĽѡ
ȴ໥ϵţҪ
͵ʥħǿһһΣǵĽһ֣ȻγķӦ޷ȥĶɽ٣Σӿֲһ󣬿֣ǻȫĿܵġ
ҲһĺôһȫĶɹȥĻƱػǵ˶
ĪĻԵ
Ĵǿߣ໥ɽٵҲõĺôҲǲٵģܹĴ֮Ѳҳɹȴǲࡣ
οʮһǿһֶɽ٣ӵѡ
Ҷ˫Ŀ˿˿âϵս⿪ʼŷʱĽ䱸ţ׼֣ʥħ˵ĽѺ˵Ҫע϶Ƿ˶սħϡ
䡱
һɲĽ֣֮ʱʮһĽƳ˳
ʮһƣÿһ䶼ƥɱֻ֮ԵĴ֮УһƬǺ
涼·뵽һƬɱͱ֮С
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ΪѻжȹȥΪҶСӿһ֮ȹȥ˾֮أ
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Ҷ˫Ŀ΢΢û뵽⶯Ȼô˲ǿߵע⣬Щط
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ʮһƷ˸ÿһ䶼ʮǺӣһſŵ򱻳׵С
ǿΧһƬ򣬷Ļɱ¾̬㹻ǿߵĲˡ

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սħĽѻûı


2075 սħĴ٣
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˫۾ĳһƬտȥĽƣǿͷƤڷ飬ǸоԼ嶼ڶ¡
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ĽƣԵĴһƬľ޴ƻһеǳ޲˲ʱ̣ޣϵĺۼٴεȥ
ӡ
ըף쳹ħıһ޴չ漴һľ޻ǿᣬ⻪貣ʧɫ
һȭʮ춼ڲһ㣬˫Ŀâ˸£ݻ֮⣬˺һա
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ðԵһﾹȻʼˣֱǿĲˡ
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Ҷһâ˸ƥȭŭ壬ݻ޴ϡ
༶Ͻ׵ǿʵıŷȥҪضһ㣺

˲񷣬һȭǿϢΧһж죬ϵĲ
Χǿ޲¶˾ɫ
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ʥħϴ˿˿֮ؿ˵
¶˷ܵɫоһǰδеǿǲ༶Ϣǿ
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ΧǿԽԽˣȻ˰ûг֣ȴɿԱʥħǸоʱĶսħβֹۡ
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Ҷ˫Ŀ𣬴˿˿ƣȻһһâһһ
䡱
һǹ֣һϵǹŹϵ·˿˿ɺ˸һѪٵɢ
һӰֱӵıǹ
ǿŰ·̰Ҷ쾹ȻҲԶ
ҪôֲͶſһ㣿
еǿ̲סĵһ

һ𱻶ǿҲһ༶ϽΪŭһҪǰȥ
ٹһΡ
˲һ㣬ӿһ޷ݵĺ⣬·Աסһ˵һ㡣
ĳ֣ʱΧǿһ£ĲҼǰ
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һȴûκεһ˵˿Ĳ
Ҷ˭ǿǿԺ;޽ԿЩΪ𼶵ĴڣĶֵĻǿδػҶĶ֣

һشӶսħﴫ˳
еͬǴ̫ʱڴݳŲ͹ӵϢһ˲䣬ǿնʼͬеȪˮһ㣬ϵĲһɺ嫵Ľ֮شʼ˳


2076 ٹ֣
꣡꣡ꡭ
粣ѵ쳹⾲׵֮УԵø̶ޱ
ֻⷽԲ֮Уռ·˲һһĿʼѣγѺۣݻ˼£ޱ
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ŭʧһ˲䣬֮ȴѸٵŤ
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٣Ȼ٣ģ쵰϶ڰгˣ
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٣һ൱ֲĴѣ޵ɱ
ϵķ֮У֮޲ֵޱȴȱĳɱֻǱ󣬴Ŵ֮ŭɱ˳󣬻Ὣһеɱɸɾ
ٱ˵Ĵѡ
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е鷳ˡ
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ȷʵ鷳һѧǵزݻؼǿʵĴڣѿȥý
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춯صı֣ٳ֣·֮ڿ𣬸ƺĵѹƣݽߣ
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ǵʥħǿߣոճɾΪϵĲ༶ǿߣǴʱȴоԼ˫Ŀ˽â
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ۡ
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زǧ塷ݻ˼£Ȼʹǿֶα˿ĲҲֻǿʼѡ
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ٴεһ֮ݻǧȻγǧֵ̬
ǧַ𣡸ģŭ֮еĺôڰưʥħɫޱȵĺ
Ҷ˫Ŀ˿˿ɺ죬ʵǿĺܣҪȥӲҲúķѲСֶεģҲףճ˵ľѧȴҲǿĽѵġ
˳ˣҶһȻ뵽⡣
ǵģֻԭſԽһС
ԵڳŶսħȡ
ڣһǷڵˡҶ˫Ŀ𣬷˿˿âسտȥ
սħŭһ޴ħԳƿصزħӶһĽɫâ˸ÿһε˸޲ղĺۼ
䡱
ǧֶȻ⶷սħΧһİΧС
ΣǴ㽫սħǿеס
ʲôѰٶҪǿ󡣡˵ͷƤʼ飬̲סĽ
ѰٶҪǿҶߵļһÿһǱ̬
ǿߵͷ˵֮д˿˿Ľʺ޵̬
ħ𣡡
ըףսħͻȻĿʼ
ӰͻȻһʱۣݻΪһ޴Ӱһħޱߵɷȴ޾Ĵȱ
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䡱
ǧֵӡǷɿըսħȻƿеĽѣȴٴεıһδεĴֻ֮С
Ѫۿʼֳ
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Ĺâ⶷սħ˫Ŀ֮ͷų޴βͺݺݵ˦ȥͬһ㣬һŭӰ顣
̫ˣҶٳְɣ
ʥħͻȻе
ǵģ⶷սħڵ״̬൱ĲãԷϵĺۼÿһţǿԿɫķ˸
ҪǰɡǾɣ
սħͻȻĿں
ҶԭҪ壬ֹͣ˫Ŀ֮д˿˿âؿ˵һҪͻˣ
ʲô
ʱѡͻƣ
ʥħӶҪɳˣǶûӣ⶷սħҪս֮ͻƣֱҪˡ
䡱һսħȻúħԳԼħӰںһֳֵزħͷħâȥ
䡱
â貣ؾޱ䣬һ̣Ϊؼʱ̣Ҫһ㡣
һľ޴ӰıˣƬƬس֡
ӵˣǿȥƿصģӡ˲񷣬ȻӰ޾޴ǿһ㣬һС
ε飬εڵһ貵âչ֣սħȻͻһνѣеĵزħݺݵسŽƺɱȥ
ȫ˶Է
һվͻˡ
Ҷ¶˸̾ɫҪȫĲ򵥵ļһﰡ
䡭
Ȼģʱһ貵ƿʼ֣֮ϣֳ
һְ޾ȱ
ʥʼƮϵչ֡
һֻ֣֮سŶսħչ˹ȥ
ң
Ҷ˫Ŀɺ챬


2077 Եү
䡱
࣡
ϵ֮ȭҶ˲ɱȥȭӡҰ֮Ǻ޲ɾѵһĳ֣˸Χƣ־ӳС
ʱʥĴ֮صĺɱһ
顱
ǿնڲѵĺۼ൱ԵĿ֮ϣһĺۼѸٵţĺɫۼ͹ѵ̬þõûͣϢ
ŭ֮
սħϣ֣Ӱÿһȴ޲һɵħԣ൱Ŀֲǿ󣬿ȥʲôȱʥ𣬶һȺħ
ħ
ǶսħĴڣŴǿ󣬸ŶħѪͷǡõʺ⶷սħ
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սħƻӶ޴ĵزħ磬һƥϼ˳ȥѸٵиȥĽһƬռѳΪһƬڶĺۼ
ǿ̬ԭҪǿٱĳ̶ȡ
༶½۷壬ʱĶƿգﵽ༶н׵ģ
սħһεĶɽջġ
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һ֮شݳ漴ѵ֮ϿĿһӰͷ˳ϵʥϢޱǿҡ
âȻӰ׳
һɺ嫵ϢشתѸٵʮӰҶ˵ǰ
Ϊ׵һˣϵĴȱ֮ΪǿңԷһƤѾγӣ˫ĿϵƤ޷Է䣬һĹ֮ȴ㹻ĿĳһѾǲСˡ
һֹϺͲãϢת
ȥĺܣԿԷʵá
ֻü֮Уһɰӡתâ˸ݻһبŵһ㣬൱ǿͿֲ
Է˫ֺʮһ飬˸ǿҵĲһԵĲѰ֮ǿޱȡ
ĸ͸̣һҲǷƷ
ıһʮˣȻվûжȴԸоͬǻɽ緢ʼʱѹϢ⼸һԵڻԼһսͷųǿƽﵽ۷ľ磬˲佫û
Ҷɫ𽥵Ŀʼ
˫Ŀâ˸ɺħһ㣬ǰһˡ
ʮˣÿһλʵڲ༶Ͻ׵ľ֮УΪ׵һˣʵǴﵽ˲𼶵ĵز
ǣûжȹԪ٣ҵĲΪǣҶƾŲ༶н۷ʵͿԺ;޽սʱĲ༶ϽΪӵĿӵԷ
ŶȹԪٵΪûʱҶа塣
ڵëսħҧгݵĵеĵزħսһɱʼ˳
ҶĻսħͿʼˣԸ첻µزµĴڣڶɽٵʱһȺڵļˣȻԼ֣ҪԼնɱɽٰɲС£һжϣܵˣصĻ˾ӷϵˡ
ҲԹ˵ıƺѾûжٵˡ
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һεĶɽޱȣһȺ˲նɱսħһˣҶζ˵ģڵһˣεĻ׵ķŹǡ
ʩԵ
Ϊ׵ϺУؿ˵֮д˿˿ĵƵǿһеһ㡣
Ҷ죬ƺûзϣȻ˫ĿƤס˴룬ǵȴ˿ûڸסһ㣬سҶ쿴ȥ
ŶԷעӣҶ˿û⣬˫Ŀɺ˸سһ￴˹ȥȫûһǿ֮һĿѾģﻺؿ˵
ڵˣʲô
Ե
ƺǺһС
Եү
ʥħĿ˵
һȺ쵰ʵȻǿᣬǱǹ̥սҲǡ
ñ뺷һȺ˰ոնɽپȻ⾳ϵĲ࣬ʲôʱ༶½۷ǿ߶ôˣԺͲ༶Ͻ׵ǿ߽а塣
ǰҲ̫ǿ˵㡣
Χǿ̲סֹ
Ϊ֮˵ʵòֻǲ༶Ͻףǲ༶Ͻ۷壬Ĳǿ߰
˷
ǷȻĲУҶȴ൱Ȼ飬ΪҶսһӳֵΪֹʲôʱʡĹ
˵Ц
˶ʱȻȷʵˣҶ쵱ǰԵޱȣӳֿʼսǵģǽһǿߴˣ֮Ƕ˶칬֮дһǾ޽𶼸ҷʲôǲġ
ڰɲǼ򵥵˿ĲСӻ൱鷳ġ
СкϷսһ֮жôǿСսҲ൱εİɡ
ǿݵҶĶߣǶԴȴû˿⣬ֻһ˿⡣
սẦ𣿲۸ԼѪĵˣս𶼲ġ
ʩɽ֮˺ڵԨԴȻսһѪսػҲҪ̫ˣ֪۵ĵزصĴˣĴڶ˵һ裬˵һǱҪУ
ʲôʸ񣿡
˫ĿϣҶ쵭Ŀ˵
ڱʸ񣬴ȻͽزصľѧһȴҲ򵥣л۸ǻȥὫΪڵĻ˵޹أ
֮˿ĲݾܾԵĺܣǿĺܡ
ǻһ˿ߣҶЦˡ
ƾʲô
ϵЦѾԽ
ϤҶ˶֪ҶѾı֡
ԵԵӺĪԵ֣
ͺ¿еһӣҸо֮һĪиУҾҲԵ
ҶЦӯӯ⻰ոյ˵ϺеɫҪˡ
Ȼһļֵ򵥡
Եһ˵ʩǲˣǶ˵ޱҪģʩĪǿѣ
һΣ֮Ѿͷųɱ֮
ðɣֻһ仰˵ˡҶЦԽԽˡ
ϺеҶ̬ȴѾʾˡ
ʩ˵
Եү

ȻĴݳսħȻʩչͨеĵزħĳ֡


2078 ֮
䡱
սħͷųһħӰݷŭŷŭһƾͳһǿĴ˹ȥ
Ѱޣﵽ˲༶½۷壬ǾԵĲҳֵģ⶷սħ˭Ѫ֮пһħԳѪͳ
߹ĺܣѪһ༶֮ԽնɱͲʲôˣϵʩչֶαһֱܣҶ˿Ĳ
ȻҶҪһЩƾűϵսʶȴӳ㹻ֶΡ
顱
ڵǿɫ䣬еһǿߣݻһħٵĳŶսħɱȥ
顱
ҶĽŲһֱӳһǿɱ˹ȥ
ռ򣡡
ʱĿռǴﵽʮ׵ĵزɲĺܣΧ㷺ĺܡ
籩ٴεŭһ֮УһԿĺۼٵΧֳ

һǿһ٣һ̣˵궼ʼ˼ĺ
ǶϵƻҶǱͬһȼ֮УĿǵķɱɵĺܡ
ȥɣ
ʥħŭһƵĳһǿ߻Ӷȥ
顱
Ѫɽγһɫħһ㡣
˻˻˻
ǲпᣬֱӵݻһߣȥѸٵĽѪȥȫĲԷ˿ķᡣ

һı֡
༶Ͻǿ߾ˡ
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һŴһĽɫƾճֳٲȻ޵еػһ㣬Χһѹֱӵıƿˡ
Ƕսħȴһ˲䣬ʩչԼħӰֱӵѵһǿߵѵ˶Էķħ
һѣ
ֻһ棬ʮʱ䶼ûС
༶Ͻǿ߾ˣһǿ߱սħ
ǿֱ̬ǿҪˡ
ɲޱȵĿɲ
ڳսǿ޲ɴԼ˫Ŀ׵׵ɵۣ
ֻһ氡ǲ༶Ͻǿ߰һȺһﵽʲô˰նɱǿ߼ֱͬնɱݽһɣ
Ϊ׵Ϻɫʼ˫ĿȻ̶˫ĿݺݵؿҶ죬ӷ·ǳһֻӬһ㣬һشŵͷӬ̬ҧҶĶˡ
һ氡Լǿ߾ȥô࣬ⲻҪʲô
༶Ͻ׵ǿߣɲǴײˣҪپжٵģЩڵǿܣϵǿߣÿһλٵʮʱſӵа
쵰飬Ⱥ쵰
һŭ𴫵ݳϺг׵ŭˡ
֮ì
ҶеĻ֮ìٴεסȻĻӶ
գ
˫ֺʮѸٵĽӡһӡǻϵƣɫƹǻ֮ìȻıƸ
䡱
һŭչҶһɱ˹ʣµļҪˡ
顱
ħһֻĶһţǿֱ߱ӵһֱֻۡ

ֳֵزħսħ廯޾޴һ̤ȥȻı

һŲһ˵һɲĺܣ˽룬ǿĵȼѹȣҶ첻ʱԿռ䷨ػֱҪ˷ָĿֲ
˫ĿâϵͷųеĵزħӶȥͬǼ籩һһ޲ѣдıš
˲ӡ
ϺеƻӶӡǧȻһ٣Х֮ݵĿռ֮Уһɽӡ
ҶڵĿռ֮ѾʼӳǶϺ˵ȴ̫۸ˣϵΪȴܵѹơ
ջ˼¡
ǰ˲ӡĳ֣Ҷɫʱһ䡣
ֻһγɣⲻǳӣǴ֮ͷųİ˲ҹ桢ŮӰ
磡
Ҷ֣ѸٵĿʼһȺɱȥ˲ĻȻֻ˵Ϣ
ʱҶ־ѹ
顱
Ҷ֮ȭעϵĴ֮ƺƵγӳɱ
ȣ
սħƿصزħޱߣߵһħӰΪɱħһ㣬֮޲һƬ
Ҷ졭̫
Ҷ˿񱩵ĳ֣ǵҶ֮ģȴҲ˵ĵˣϺзͷŭĺ
ʮǿߣڿսѾʣ޼ˡ
εܹȥԭΪҶȻŵ൱ǿ󣬵ΪҪȥѹȥޱɵģϾǲ𼶵ǿߡ
ȴû뵽ǣҶĿռ䷨һδεƣȫѹʵӣεĲջ
̫Ӷɽٵʱ֣Ҫأǲ۸۸ʲô
սħӶеĵزħϵݻ
һ죬൱泩Ѿ̬ȴǿһ

뷨ӿ˳⻰ȴ൱ռݵϾɽٵʱ򱻴ϣɱˡ
ӣ
Ҷƿؿռ֮ٴεĴ
ˣ
սħеĵزħʱһ޴ĹӰ£ݻΪһϵĴɽһ㣬ƺƵıΪ֮һ㡣
ʦң
һǿ߸оϢʱĴе
ռѹƣ޷ӳʵƿض൱ѣǱһеĻǲĽֻһ
ң
һǿϺеͷ˳ǿĺܣȻӨӨĹ⻪ΪֲǣԷƺǺͿռ֮໥ײȻ˽֯
ʲô
Ҷɫ䡣
ȻԺԼĿռ֮ײֱǲܵ鰡
ʱ䲻ռ㣬ռ䲻ʱ桭
һ仰˵ıʱ֮Ϳռ֮־Էǿ֮ȻҲһĿ󣬵ȷʵкĴڡ
ϺʩչһǿԵĲʱ֮
֮һʩչ
սħͻȻںһ٣Ϻޱȵʩչؼץȥ޴Ĵ֣֮ʱû˴ȱеֻɱ֮
һֻ֣ƥƣٶϿٵľˣǱץסĻսħҪʧȥˣʵϾֻв༶½۷ѣĵԲһȺ˵УκһĶֵġ
á
ҶĽе
顱
֮УһƸֳ
漴һ޴Ļ˳

ü֮У֮ͷţһɺ嫵չֳ
漴һ
ȣ
еʥӤŭһ
ʱͬеˮһ㣬ʼıˡ
֮⾹ȻҲ


2079 ȸ

Ҷ֮ǵʮԪ֮ģǿĺܡ
ȴͶԷ֮ȻĲͬһְԵѵϢ
ⲻܣ
Ӵ֮ҲϺеǾ֮ɫȫĳԤϡ
Ӵ֮ʱֱѵ˶Է֮ѵ̬ҶĽ̤߲

һǹ֣Ҷѩǹȫһڲҽ֮еǿߣǹһ㣬Ʋɵ

Ϻе﷢һһ̣ǹ˸ѾâֱӵĽǿߵԴֱӵѵ
顱
֮಻Ѫɢһǿˡ
ϺвҪˣһǿţĪʣĵ֮ѾΪһ༶ϽǿߣаտԽԷ𼶵Ĵڣ˵Ǻ
ȴҶնɱˣϺ˵Ǻεȵıߣ
Ҷ졭Ҫ
Ϻе﷢
𣿡
Ҷһ˿⣬һչޱǿĿռ֮޼ɵʩչ˳
ռѹƣ֮ì籩򣡸ӡ
Ҷٶȷɿ죬߲˼¡
Ȼһޱȵγ˵ǰҶǰһƺͣһ㣬һ𼶵ϺڣһжͣԷϼⶼڿʼŤ˫Ŀ޷ŵɫ
ֵǡ
սħеĵزħĺ

ʥħֱӻȭ
Ҷ˫ֽӡûа취֣ʱռ֮ѹƵ۷ĳ̶ȣȫûȥ취ģԶսħ˵ʵҲ㹻ˡ

˵زħĶսħսһľˣңΧһǿߣνѪɽ³

Ϻе﷢΢ŭҶȴǿеѹȥ
ռ֮Ҷʵӵһ£籩֮ì򣬶ﵽһ۷ľ硣
ѹѰĲ൱ɵġ
ɣ
ʥħһڵӻɱ֮󣬵زħҲ֮ڶսħٴ𣬳Ϻлɱ˹ȥ

һ߳
֮У޷ڸǵŭ⡣
䡱
һâ˶սħеĵزħʱĳȥޱߵǿĴݻһһı˳
ۡ
ռ֮˲Ĵ飬һеķ򳹵׵ıսħɳȥڵѪеĵزħûƿס
ž
ʥħһѽսħס
ֲȻûɢٴεߵ塣
Ҷ˫ĿȻкݺݵһǿ߳ˣǶȹ˼ԪٵĲǿߣ
оԼϳɣϺе϶ʱ¶˷ܵɫһ̶С˫Ŀ֮УǼҪˮ
һ͵ˣȻҪҶһĶ񺮣ܿעȴ˶档
䡱
ռֱӵıһɿ񱩵Ʒɣ飬漴һ˳
˲ˣÿһϵϢȴ޲ǿĺܣɲĺܣ˿˿ķЧҪںһһ㣬ǿϢݻ˼£˸
еһˣԷǿӵҶע⣬ǲòȥӡ
ٲĳƮ裬˳Ҷüһ˫Ŀǣǣ̺죬СɵӣĶ쵰̾Өۻļۣ޳ľ
ˣǸʵغĻߣ޲˵ŶԷݡ
⾹ȻһŮӣ
ԷĸĺܣҶ컹Ҫ߳һأ֮ԼĿԿһĴڸ̣ü֮Уһɰ˸һöϵӡǣɲĺܣޱǿĺܣĹâţԿŷӰԿŭӡǣõĲ˸

սħ૵ĵ
¶һĨ˷ܵɫ˫Ŀ֮У˸ϣ̬ҪôжôҶ޲õһѾġ
ݼ
һаˣŮӣϺжҴ⣬æĶŮӹ

Ůӵ˫Ŀ΢΢Ŀϣǻ֮ⲻϵͷţȴ¶˲֮ɫȻǶϺеΪ൱Ĳ
ʮǿ֣߳Ȼɱֻʣһˣ
öͬһ㣬ĺܣ˵ĺܣֻ㹻Ŀѡ
뻤ˡһҵĴ⣬Ȼû뵽Ҷ쾹Ȼ˵ļթ
ϺʵĲǸˣȻȫҶ죬ǽҲȥˣ˲ģҶоһâѸٵĳ˹ȥ
ǻ
˭
սħֳֵزħؿ˵
ȨһȫǳģȻҪѯһ
֮ͽڵĻȸ
˻
һǿ޲һ
ȸ
֮пνԺޱȣԷһѪݻŸͨüһɰӡǣ˴һϵĴݻ
ʵͨ첻˵ޱȣ֮УҲһ֮֮ϵĴڣʵĺܡ
СͿؼϵУνһ߸ϵ
֮Уе֣ΪڵĻ
֮л࣬ȸܹйΪһ𻤷еĵλʵȻǿ󵽵Ŀֲ
Ҷ˫Ŀ˿˿âȸҲŵģʵǿĺܣĺܣνһ൱ǿ
ΪؼǣԷȻûбΪ˴֮һʵҲԵСһЩѡ
һ㣬ս˵Ůˡ
ԷȻ˫һ֮ȴ˿˿ɱ֮һ˲õŮˡ
ȸ
Ҷﻺؿ˵
Ǳ
ȸϣ˸ͬһ𽾰Ŀȸһ㣬չֵҫ⻪Ϊ֮ļ¡
˸ϵǿϢ
սħħڵزصؼøһȥ
Ҷ˫Ŀ
𣿡
Ҷ΢΢һЦؿ˵
ȥǵնɱȥΪʲôҪȥ
ȸ˸һ۱ڵϢ
޵ĺᣬ޵Ѫͳ̳ǵزصĴУҲ㲻ʲôһʱ䳤õĻƱػ޾ĺƽ٣ֹң㽫Ϊһδٵٸߣܹ𣿡
Ҷ죬ȸ˵
Ҳ˵Ҫˣ
Ҷ˫Ŀɺ죬ؿ˵
ߣһȥΪ֮
ȥõģ
սħҲûı㿪ں֮дһɿɲޱȡ


2080 ƽħԳ
ھܾ𣿡
ȸؿ˵ӣȥ൱ˣȻˣ뵽Ů˵ݣȴûʲô˵ȥע⡣
Ů˵ǿ󣬸ǳ˳˵󣬶ԷһΪͨ쳹أبźŴ˵ԷǶȹԪٵĳǿߡ

Ҷ콫ʥħѸٵװ˵֮У˫Ŀ˿˿âŮˣͶսħվһЦ
˼⶷սħҵѣ˵ҪֵĻҲ˼Ҫˡ
վһ𣬷·ûȸǿһ㣬ƵģΪ֮һķָ
ǲˣ
ʲôúģС椣ȥʲôô𣿿Ըӵ𣿡
սħشݳһ˿Ц⡣
ߣ
ȸｿһʱһâͷų
һâٵأ񷣬˲ı㸲ǵԲķΧ֮УһƬĿ񳱰̬ѹ񳱡
䡱
Ҷ纣һȭɱȥһȭ񷶼ڲ
һȹϽѵǿߣ𼶵ǿһȹ˼Ԫ֮ϵԳѰǿߣʱĴȸϺеʵǿǧٱֹ
Ҷڿǲȥ⣬һâеȭһ籩һ㣬˲Ϯɱȥ
ƺƵ־ɿļӳС
һȭʮ춼ڲϰ
ȸٴεһٴεĵâ˸ĵâԭһâȫںһ𣬹ɫ⣬֣ȻҶΪ֮һ
ӳУƺһ㣬͸ȻϿȥޱȵȴȻĲ͵ʱ
Ҷȭӡŷȥøǿ
һȭӶȥֱҪ񷶼÷һ㣬ȭӡһɽӡ
ˢ
ɫâ˸ȻĺҶȭӡײһ
á
һǿҵ֮˳ɫâ֮У·һֻ޴ħһ㣬ĽҶȭӡ֮ȥٶѸ͵ĺܣһ̾ҪҶȭȫɽȥˡ
ɫâʲô
Ҷɫ䣬ѸٵļӳԼ
֮
֮
֮ȭ
߽һ𣬹һޱߵĴڣȻٴξһȭ
֮
Ҷȭ֮Уָ
ȸ΢΢Ķݣһ˸ߵȻıըһ
飡
ǿɲıݳ춯صĺۼ漴˳ȥȻߵĽֻʩչ˼жѣеճ̶ȴҶ춼̲ס˫Ŀɺ˸ȥ׵Ĵ⡣
̫ˣǰСʵ̫Ŀ˵㡣
ΪҶؼĺܣ޷κǰŮˡ

߶ల£⶷սħԵ¶һĨĴϢƺǶһȽϵ⡣
ѾһĵģҶ̲סһҧгݣѾĵһߵġ
Ů˲򵥡Ҷ˵
Էϼתɫâ˸·ǿԹͨһ㣬ҶÿһεĶᱻԷǿеѹɴ룬Ҷս
Ǵ˵еɫ⣡
ͻȻǶսħɫ仯뵽ʲôƵĴе
ɫ⣿
ҶкݺݵһȻ뵽еĴ˵
֮䣬ǿһĴ˵ˣһǿһ֮֮ݻΪһɫ⡣
ɫתȴУעϵһʩչԽȥ
ǿߵһؼȴ˼̳
û˵ʲôˣҲ𽥵ı˵һ񻰴˵ȴû뵽ǣʱȴɫ⡣
뵽˸ղɫâ˸һˢ֮£ԼĵֿȥģҶѾԵĸоеǿᡣ
ߣ
ȸٴεһɫâʢң̤һһֻȻĻӶȥҶȥ
ѩףӨӨĹԣ·ɽҰĶڳ޾âһ㣬֮޲ݽ
γ촷ۡ
á
Ҷɫһ䡣
䡱
䣬Ҷٵĳȭ֮һһ㣬ıȥȭ˸ӳУ˸ϵҶʼͷų
תǴ֮Ƶĺۼϲϵ˸ţ˸ٶʮĺۼ
顱
ȭעƵŶԷɱȥ

䣬âתɫâϵһ㣬ʼͷš
ȸХһһʼѹ
𡱶սħ˫Ŀ˿˿ħƣޱߣ漴ĻΪ޴ħԳƿһħӰֳֵزħٵһ㣬һħʩչﵽǧס
ӵĳ
⻰ǶսħгģеȴһĪĵϷ
ʱȸ¶һĨŭ⣬˫Ŀ֮âڿٵ˸ǿۼ¶һĳӡ
͡
ɫâ˸ȻֱӵĻҶĳ֣˸Ƕսħʩչ˹ȥ
ͷ˸Ҷĳ־Ȼûа취ڶʱ֮ںԷ
ž
ֱӵץס˶սħĵزħһɺ嫵չֶ
䡱ͷų޵ǿȻĽսħӷ˳ȥ
ˢ
ɫâѸٵˢȥѸٵĽ⶷սħˢǿϢ֮дޱߵĺܡ
¡¡
սħֱӱ˳ȥѪ硣
ŵŵš
̤һǺӣȸĽٴεŤȻֱƿգֺݺݵץס˶սħֺۣݺݵسŶսħϾһơ
˸
ڳǿ޲ɴԼ˫ĿŮ˵ʵʵ̫ǿ˵㡣
͡
֮Уעϵͷųɫâɢɱ֮
ۿŶսħҪѹȥˣǾʱһɺ嫵ȴӶսħ֮ͷ˳
ŮˡӺʹ
ޱȣȴһǿޱȵš
ԭϢԣǿҶɫ΢΢һ䣬ǰĶսħ仯ƺЩԾ
һŭ˳սħ֮УȻ˸˿˿ǿۼ˫ĿѪɫ⻪
һֱֻӵץס˴ȸ֡
ž
ٴεŭ֮УȻֱӵĽӷɵ֮⣬ٴεıϵ֮ʼ˸
⡭һѪ֮оȻŻƽħԳѪͳ
Ϻе﷢һ
һǿ޲ޱȵĿǶսħ
ƽħԳһ˲ôڣ֮жǶġ
һ뺷ޱȵ壬Ƣ𱬵Ĳ񻰣֮Ҳֻսһǿ߿Կ⡣
Ѫبʱڱڣ˺񷣬һŰײϣ
Ϻе˵ɫȻı൱ѿ⶷սħѪʱȻ˳鷳ˣ뵽˻ƽħԳĵλһ鷳ˡ


2081 ǧһ
Ҷ¶һĨĵɫӣսħһҪˡ
ƽħԳһϵ壬ҹϵ˼£Ǻսһ˿ĲǿǣƽħԳ֮еĵλޱȵǿȻ˵սһȴҲԶ
˴֮УһħԳǻƽħԳڡ
൱⶷սħϼһ

սħ˫ĿѪ죬֮Уһĺɫڷıһţ޴ƺݺݵسǴȸϾһơ
ߣ
⶷սħ𳹵׵ıˣ֪һﵽǳʲô磬ȻʱˣǱ֮еȴѪ׵ļ˳ȻսħڲֻһħԳѪŻƽħԳѪֻԵıڲűļ
ƽħԳĿֲڶԷıߣһ֮սȻıǣķǾ˵ĺܡ
սʱޱҪģ˭Ըһսӱƴ
κεһ˶ϲ飬⶷սħıߣ˲ĽԼս˼¡
ԭǲ༶½۷ľ磬ھȻԴﵽ༶н׵ľ֮Уҷһսʽ֮ȴӵ壬ٶ϶ﵽһȫµľ硣
顱
ɫâ˸ȸҲ΢΢ĶݣֻӶ˲Ĵһ٣չɫâ֮޲ٴγһ޴Żһ㣬ֿס˶սħ֣ҽԷһг׵谭
顱һֻ޴ȭӡ֣ǿֲȭͷ֮дŽâӳУϵݻ˲Ŀٳһǿĺۼ
սħȻǿеĳɫâļӳ֡
ôܣ
ǴȸһʧɫƽħԳѪսҲ̫µĵɡ
𡭡
սħŭ˫ֻȭڴǿһǿղϵĲţɲǼ˸߿֮Уһſŵ
ߵսٴεһ¡
塭ֻлƽħԳĻ̶ֳȵı
ǿ߷˸̾漴Ŀ֮еһӰ
ȴޱǿᣬԷվȻûжȴԽϺڵľ˵ֿ˿ĲҴͶ
Ҷ죡
һ
һǿߣȻô࣬һһĴڡ
Ҫ˲ſԴﵽЧ
˵⶷սħһϿɵĻսһҪ׬ˣҪ֪ƽħԳҲǲģǵ൱ϿģÿһĻƽħԳ֮ޱҪ
ԺսһͻƽħԳһҲبģʱϵĻ˭ܹǶԿ
һʱ䣬ǿǿҶ񶼿ʼ仯
ɲ
̫ɲˣ
ѾԼߵ˸һȺСҪ첻ɣ
𡭡
սħŭϵĴݳÿһεŭ𶼿Խٴβ֣ǿĿֲ̬ǿ޲ʼɫ
֮УɫĹ⻪˸ڻĻƽһ㣬ϻߡ
ӶɲȭͷľʮһƬĲ

սħΪ׵ļŭȸһʱݻһɺ嫵ܴǽ֮ͷų
һϵϢĴȱӵһڸǵɱ⡣
˾춯صǿϢ˲Ĳ񷡣

ֻӶٵĽѹȥ
һսһ㡣
֮ʼڶı

սħӶزħ翪ٵصħԳһͫ˸֮У⻪תǿԽﶼΪ֮
ǿ۷ĳ̶ȣѾ㹻ﶼʼˡ
䡱
粻ǿȻһɫâݻµĵز֮ڶ·񽣳ʡ
ɫâȻһǿĿռ䣬
͡
ʱͬ콣һ㣬ǿ־
ã
Ҷɫʱһ䣬ǿսħûȥֿסġ
ɣɣ
𡭡
֮УսħͻȻŭһ֮У֮УͻȻͷųһ޴ĻƽħԳһޱȵĻ
ŭ֮Уֱֻۣݺݵسմȭÿһȭɺһ񷡣
͡
ǿĻƽħԳ󣬶սħʱǴȸȥ֮УȻĳȸ
飡
ϴľˣ˫ǰ֮ȴȻ
ȸĽͷųǿĻϵĽǿͷŵ£ϴ޷ڸǵŭ֮ɫ
õһϵĴڣ˵ĻŭȻĿ
С椣ӿ㣡
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ħ֮زص㵨ҷ
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ȻģսħֱһƾȻȸĽϾһơ
öһ̣еǿȴɵۣϺǵҲ˵ı顣
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ȸϹ޷ŵɫ⶷սħȻȫû뵽ԷȻһӡ

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սħȴ͵һݺݵسӣ˹ȥ
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еǿֻһ뷨
Ĵкζڶսħӿһ˲䣬һɱ˼µǿϢȴӿ˳
飡
޴ʼӴȸĽͷųսħֱӱײɣڵѪȴŵĴЦš
С椣ӵĳǡ
ȸϴʱɱŭ֮ɫ޷ڸǵȾ⶷սħ
ǶԼº衣

Х֮಻Ĵ˳
һ̣񷶼ʼıһ㣬ǿƣҶ춼Ҫɫ
ʱŷ֣ȸڿʼʱԵûʩչȫǶԷʵ

ֻӶ嫵չֳ
ңҶĽ̤߲ѸٵĿʼ֡

ס
ϺеڷӦ˹ĺȵ
ۡ
ǿƣֱӻһ㣬ݺݵؽ⶷սħѪֹ
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ɫâݻΪһ㣬ŶսħֱӶ˹ȥһֻ֮ݻϵǿƣ˲˶սħ˶սħİ塣
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һХ޴ӡĴֱӵĶ׼˻ƽħԳԴһȥ㹻Ľսħķ顣
֮ŭ÷Բǧ֮УԾ
˭ҶһƽħԳѪ
ͻȻʱۿǶսħ𼴽˲䣬ŭŰԵϢش˳
ҶȻһ漴ĴЦ
ڵˡ


2082 ͷ
ҿ˭Ҷ
ٴεĴ֮дޱȿֲƣ·ϵħһԵ̬ǿҵĺܡ
䡱
һ޴Ѻۿٵɣһֻޱ֣֮Ѹٵ˲񷣬ֱӽһ飬ݺݵֵȸĽϡ
ߡ
飡
ȸһһ˵ķѸٵ̤գ漴ĽɫӰ֡
ŭ֮µ˫ֽӡѸٵĻһƥݺݵɱȥ
䡱ɺ漴ײȥʱȴѾˡ
ǿռļһ˲䣬ȴָ֮Уһо޴ӰѾǿǰ
һӰĺܣÿһ׵ĸ߶ϣϳ˽ɫëϵĻߴȻȴŨܵĽɫëռݡ
޴βռ֮лţž죬ÿһεĻ趼㹻շѵҪô˵ʵΪ֮ľĺܡ
ɫͫ˸ű񱩵Ĺâ߱žлֳ񴸣߿վȻûбȴһǿơ
һȺޱǿĹǿĺܣƥĺܣʮһ֮࣬ÿһɫƵĿڵһȺˣϵĿɲֱ纣һ㣬Ҫһ㡣
ǿƼţֱӵ˰ǿա
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սħڵѪ¶һĨɫһȺֵļһǣÿһʶִıӿŵиȴһּС
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һ𱳸һ׳ɫ޴ĻƽħԳ⶷սħβѿ¶˷ܵɫ
ȻǵѪȻѪӣȴǵѪͳСӣҲ̫Сˣ
׵ĳ̶ȣȥѾǿˣȺ̬ļһȽȴɰһأʵöսħһơ

βҡţʵöսħһơ
ôѪǵѪȻԺͲ𼶵ǿ߶ԿȻֻʱԵԼĿȴҲѾ൱ѵˡ
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졭Ұ
սħޱȵĺֲǸӣ˵ţ̫ûˣȻȺһǵҪ
죿Ҷ죿Ȼ
ǿٴεĳҶ쿴ȥһԽɫ֮ͫдӣ˵ͷ˵
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һȺ˵ĳ֣Ǵȸ϶̲סһ仯ҧгݵĿǶսħ𣬺޲ýһһҧ
̫ɺˣһʵ̫Ŀɺˡ
ԭ֣һȺ˳֮նɱĿԾͻӣȸĸƽħԳһǿ߳ˣҲû˷
Хһǿնڲǳ˲Ŀʼҡҷϵâʼ£ǿ֮ϣһĺۼݻΪʥĺۼ
ȸȻһŮӣһİԵ֮ȴ˿ĲӣȻĳХһٲȻѾ
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ȸʱѾʩչȫȹһμԪٵνǿˡ
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ߵҵĲһ漴ݻŶԷϵķ趯֮Կݣ޲֮ݻΪ촷ۡ
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սħͻȻĿڽе
ɱ𣿡
ǻƽħԳͻȻһ漴Ŀ˶սħһѿȻһ٣һɺ嫵չ֣ԭƺǱøǿ͸ߴ
ŭƺƵĴݳȥȻ˲Ľռֱ飬Ӱ֮УޣеıǱݲгΪƬ
ۡ
һѪȸĽһȻʧˡ
С㾹Ȼˣ
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ҶεķŰۡ
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С椣ɣȻһƽħԳһѪ㣬͸һɡ
ƽħԳԵĺܣԷʵȸ˿ĲǸǿһȻǶȹһμԪٵǿߣǶԷĿȴԷǿ̫ˡ
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Ϻܲ˵ĴʣµļǿҲѸٵΧ˴ȸߣŭݵĿǡ
۸ǣһȺ۸һʱô˵̫أ
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ǣ۸۸ˣ
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С椣߰ɡǻƽħԳѪķƺڻҪǿĶࡣ
һȺ뺷ļһҶ̲סһȺһԼսһҪԵһЩ
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һߴ֮УƳ֣һγ˳Ĵ໺γɣʵһĴڣǿ˲ıȥ
һֻ֣һ㣬ѸٵĳǶսħץ˹ȥٶϿľˣɱ֮Ȼޱߣǿֲɱȴɸһ޷ơ
ҡ
ֳֻƽ񴸵ĻƽħԳֵ磬ʱĴŭһеĻƽ񴸺ݺݵسһֻֿʼɱ
ߡ֮Ѹٵɢһɺ嫵ݺݵؽ˿ûͣٵĳǶսħץȥ
ץסĻ»˲ʱ̣Էֱӵץġ
ڡðӵҲҶˣ
һޱɱ¾ϢȻĴһֻ˽ëƺݺݵֱӺͶԷײС
䡱
߽֣ռֱӵıѳΪΡ
ֲ̬ǿߵĵ
Եžͷʼˡ
Ӧǰ˴𼶱Ĵڡ
ʥ𡭡㾹ȻҲˣǵһˣÿס𣿡
һ֣֮ȴ˿˿⣬䣬һ˲ҶǺ޵ǿᣬȻһѸٵȥ
ĺ⣬ҶϺëʼ˵궼·Ҫһ㣬оǿңǿҵһ˲䱻ɱĸо
оܲã൱Ĳã·һ̣ԼҪˡ
Ҫˣֻһѣʲôˣ˴еһλ
ǲһ˭˷ҪԼ֮С
ߡӵѪҲҶڣǲǻζˣŲֱӷϵ
Ҷ켴ֿסʱһɺ嫵ȴѸٵİΧסҶ壬ǿɲѹ˲ѵ
սˣ


2083 Ƶڣ
սˣ
ɽ纣㳲ɲϢһ޴̫ɽ˵ǰʼһ㣬޷ݵǿͺ˲ȥеǿǣʱоԼͷϷ·ǳǿһ㡣
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ƽ֮Уĳ֣ӲҪ˵һӳλˣڲƽħԳսʥսҲʼˡ
Ҫ
һʱ䣬˰ǿ漴ı͡
ô˵𣿸ղŶҵѪֵʱ൱ǿôˣ
սԵޱȵĺһ֣ݻΪһָһָָݺݵسһȥ
ȥ൱ļ򵥣Ҷ˫Ŀȴڴʱ˿˿âһָѾﵽһ˵ĵزкǵ֮ȥƿغ򵽵ġ
һָĽΧĿռͷ϶׵˸ûа취ȥֻܹսӲ
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һָĳ֣һʱ˳֮дŷŭͳԾĺܣһָȴҲʱѸٵĵˡ
䡱ɽ纣˲ıǿնĿһǺתѣĴԪڲ漴һѺѸٵγɡ
һ޷ĿֲƻȻֻһָȴϵɱǿöڲϵĲҡҷ֮С
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Ӱ֮Ѹٵĳֳ漴Ǳߣݻյһƺߵȴ޷ڸǵй˳
ȻһָѾ㹻öԷܵСشˡ
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Сˮڣսһ¹˭ǶӵѪ֣ѵ׼ӷ𣿡
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ԵޱȵʱҲǿһ˵
ս˵ģսһѪϡ٣ȻĸðԵʱҪ֣սԼѪ㻤̵ĺܣһﵨҶҶ֣ǴۣŹ֡
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ֵǿ߲ǱˣǶսʥ𣬶ԷĳⲻʲôǴʲô
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ĻӶ·֮Ҫһеȫȥһ㣬һɾ޴ݻΪ˺嫵ܣ˲ĽΧһг׵Ĵķ
Ƕսʥĳ֣ȴû˿İ취Է˲𣬶֮ϺеˣѸٵץȸ漴ȥʧ֮УȻȸѾսʥˡ
ǡǡ
ڶư߶ڵƿأʵĺܣǿԺͰ˴а˴кܴĲġ
ǿĶսʥֻܹŭȴ޿κΣ֪ƽħԳսжôĿֲ
һһսڰأ˭֪Է᲻֡
ȻģһΣǳԿˣǳ˴ġ
ʧһ𻤷ǵʧޱȾ޴Ǵȸݸӵĸ߹ǱΪһٴζȹԪٵǿڰ
蹷ҧ˱ˣȴ뵽ԼȻгһջᱻһٱ򡭡ӣǲƺЩܲסˡսٴεĴݳ֮дŲмЦ
գڶƽħԳҪ˵ģսʥκβ㣬ȴһˣ
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ս֣֪ȥֱˮǷ԰
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ΪսħҶԵʣԭƢޱȻ𱬣Ըޱȿ񱩵壬Ѿʼںһ໥
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սʥ֮д˷ܵĲС
ߵȴڵĵɫһࡣ
֮УɷϢڲϵĿţȻڵǿѾʼŭ
һεʧν൱֮󣬴ľˣûнزصĴ˴ߣҼ˶ԷĻƽħԳѪֱڵԷĳɾ͡
ӿƵǣ˴һǴȸһţŰ
ǿֻ߲һλսһҪһ
ֽ֣εȵĿơ


2084 ͨ£
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Ȼ˵սħƽɧ٣Ҷս֮УǵһֱҶ챾ػǵúСڶսħ˵Ȼû˵ȴ൱ĸмεġ
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һΣսħпͷˣȸȻڵĻΪȴҲǸ߰ĺܣϲǿߣǶսħʵҪȥԷδػһ׵顣
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ǺݺݵطһߣشѾ൱ˡ
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Ҷüͷ΢΢һǸоƺЩԾƺһ˿򣬵ȴû˿ͷоΡ
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٣ǽͨڵĳ֣ȴоˣһεԵĲ򵥣ܿڰеƿأֻǲ֪ɱ¾ôţǲϧԼ֣ôǼƻһε顣
ߣһԴȱΪڣ
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սͶսʥߵ΢΢һƺû뵽С椾ȻͻȻ˵Ǻܿߵȴ¶һĨŹֵɫ漴ѸٵĴЦ
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սʥ˫Ŀ𣬿Ŀ֮У˸űĺ⣬˲ĳһ㣬ϵͷų
˴𣬳ȥԼϼһ֮⣬Ҳߣ˯ΪԵҪ͵ĺܣѪ٣ҶֲĵطΪԸԵʣ˵֣Ǵ˵Ϊޱǿᣬħһħпνħ֮еǿˣԷħ죬һһԨħΪ˹°ĺܣķ𣬴ݶҶԷӦҲޱȵǿᣬ𣬴˵ǲûжٵϵȴ൱ĸ߰һ̫֮߰ˡһˣҲһޱȵļһʵӦΪǿģһεļԪ໥˭Ҳ޷֤ܹգıȴڲϳ֣һжҪССģСģ
ߵĽ֮УѾ˴ейϵؽһ顣
Ҷ˫Ŀ΢΢һָоԼϹΣӦñ˴ĺᣬֻǲ֪һǿߵѪ
ڴԵĲҪǵжԵһ棡
ҶаԵ˼š
ڰеǿҲǲٵģҵĵ飬ں֮У϶֪ǿߣղҲоˣںǽֵǿ֮УʵȻԱҪСһЩȴҲ಻ǺܴǳɳȥĻɵĺҲǲĺܡ
ʣµĻûֱӵ˵໥صĴǽսһͻƽħԳһ˶ˣɴ˿ɼеճ̶ǶôĿֲ
ȸƺǶڵǣ˸ţϵüԵһľ֮¡
ڣãˣ
ڽʱ̣һҵǿƿʼݳ


2085 
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ǿ΢΢һ漴һӰٵķɱһĿӰŶԷĿ񱼣Ѫ۲ϵܵɵġ
˵ʱӰٵĵ䵽˵ϡ
һ޴ĻƽħԳԷϴʱ˲˵ϢѾʼ쳣һͫԭӦȣȴĺܣܵĴһ㡣
ôˣ
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ȥҶɫ΢䣬漴ĳŶԷȥ
Сӣô𣿡
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սʥɫ΢΢һ䣬ĺŭ֮µĻƽħԳȴԵĲǺȰģڵʢŭ֮£ȻϵӵĿֲɲޱߵϵĿʼʩչת˲ʱȴѾһ貵Ĺ⻪

㹻ɽʯǿȭѸٵĳ
Ҷɫ΢΢һ䣬һȭͷ൱Ŀ£˶ðԵĸ̾һƽħԳֲ֮
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ſռ֮͵һ٣Է漴ٵĵ˹ȥ

ۿԼˣһΪĻƽħԳӵķŭ֮ϣ¡߰ļ±Ƿ˲ƿն̧ԼѸٵĳ̹ȥ
һǹһƷ֮УǿռԵγһԲΣȻǱ񱩵ٶƿġ
䡱
ϵıԷѸٵݻΪһ
Ҷɫû˿ı仯ȴѾЩˣһﲻ׵ı֣ʵЩΪ֪ƽħԳıƢҶˣоһһȵҶҲûжٵԥһռ䷨ʩչ
ȭͷֱӺݺݵشȥصĻ˶ԷĽġ
Ĳҽݳ
ƽħԳһǿᣬǱҶȴǲ˺ܶ࣬һȭ֮Уǽռݻ˼£ȫƿ˶ԷĶΣͺǶԷվŲҶȥ֡
ƻȻĺܡ
䡱
Ĳҽ֮УԷٴεĵɳȥһȴڵϲдţҲûˡ
ߡ
һƽħԳҲʼŭˣǱŽĺܡ
ߡ
սܵһԲϾʹֵ̬սһȻڻƽħԳһȽͣΪսħԭһֱûг֣ȴǾͺ¶Է
ˡ
£
սͶսʥĺ
䡱ߵƱĽǿ˲ѹ
㡭
ҶվȫڵģǱ˵Ľۿѣ޲õĽĳԵһ
ڶĻȲҲ˵ġ
Ҷε̾Ϣ
ʲô
һʱ˻ƽħԳһǿǷ׷׵ĽȻͲܡ
Ǳ˵Ľȴ˫Ŀ΢ƺ뵽ʲôһ㡣
Ҷ˵ûд»˺һսʥ𻺻ؿ˵֮дǿҵŭ⣬ŭⲻǳҶ죬ǳ˵ĻƽħԳⱳֵļһ
͡
Ҷָ΢΢һѸٵʩչͨƽħԳ˹ȥ
ҶĶʥ֮ϴ֮Чֱӵ˶Է֫ٺ֮Уľɢ֮ϵתţת˼¡
һŰŭݳһɺɫ˸һ˼µĺɫӰӣͬһһƽħԳƮ
а䡢Ȼû˿ʵ̬ϢȴɺԡԷƻҲ൱ľˣŶԷɢռ֮жڳһһȻһɺڰ֮дŸԸ
˵ĺڰ֮ûмˡ
սʥﻺؿ˵
һɺڰϢһմȾĻ¾ǽǿޡ
ʱǿŷ֣ҶֵĻҲܿУƽħԳıԱȻƢ𱬣ǶԼϿɵȴޱơ
ҶΪѾȡ˵ƽħԳһ꣬ǽڿҶ֮ѾŸмơ
þ֮
սʥҶ죬˵
ʵҲԽһƽħԳȴҲúķһֵȴԵĲҶɡ
һаֻ֮֮г˶ݵʱѣһ˲Ѿȫʧˡ
ƺֻܹϴš
Ϣ㻹ǵ𣿡
ɢаսʥüͷ΢΢𣬳˵
ӦǸطϢ
սĵ˵ͷ
ϡڡ
аʧ֮ѸٵĽһ˵ĻƽħԳָ˹Ȼ޷˲ָȫʢʱڣȴԭ
˵˵ľ
սʥ΢΢Ļ˵
ǡڲǰһŹϵĹϲɱһԶԭѾˣǾҪֽԶľȡߵʱͻȻһаѸٵĳ֣ڵˣֱӱԷȥ
ѵǸһﲻɣϢȻһһѾʧˣӵʵҲδصܹκζԷĻҲ·һģϢȻ񣬵ǱǼһԭʵҪ̫ˡ
˫Ŀ΢΢սʥ𲻶˼š
εģһﶼȥһ£ĻԷĳ֣Ƕ˵ʲôµģһ൱ǳģǵĻţǵƱ൱Σգ
һ㲻ˣҲȥһ¡
սʥĵͷ
𣿡Ҷкݺݵһֵĳޱ𾪡
һ˲õųںڰа֮УبźΣ
ԷΪͨ쳹أȻΪ˴𣬵ȴű˴˿ΪҶԷǧ򻯣֪һڣͿȫ˿Ĳ
ԷѪޱȣÿʱ͵ѪһΣԽǿѪԽϲҲˣ׼սѪͻƽħԳһǿѪ
漴ǿǣɱ¾м嶼˳׵ĶϾѪϾ˴Уʷ֮ʧˡ
սǶսʥѾǧĽԷȴû뵽һΣһﾹȻٴεĳˡ
ȵ֮ȥһεļԪٽޱΣա
սȵ

սʥͷͬ⡣
Ҳǻڽʱ˭ҲûпȸĽ֮Уһصڻתš


2086 ˵е˫ɣ
һύģʱҪСһ㣬ǺǻƽħԳһѾ׵Ľˣ֮䣬໥ĳְһ⣬ǿ໥֮УʱĻûʲô˵ȥϵġ
սһĴ֮Уս𻺻ؿ˵
ڣǱѰʵľ˵û˵˵ıģ
սҡ̲סĿ˵
޷ӺǶսʵ㹻Դ󲿷ֵ飬һǾޱҪǲץʱĻҲ֪ᷢʲô飬ǿҲ֪ȴ൱һҸȼǶЩѪ˵һĪֻ
˵ʱսٴεĶҶ˵
Ҷ죬ʺʹϻսһҲϵģȻһӺǶսʥ뿪൱أȴҲұ֤һǷ֪Ϣ˵ӵҪСģ𣿡Ҷĵ˵ͷ
𵽵ʲôˣҶ첻֪ܹöսʥս߶˼ɵԵĲ򵥣ϺǹϺ;Զˡ
ÿһ൱ǿͿֲģԼǲܰæġ
һΣ֮Գ֣Ǻ¶ԷǼɵԷԼѪ֡
һʱһֲĸоҶУǸоһε鲻ͬһıϢС
ǸӼסˡҶԺĳɾͷǱѰԾķʲô飬ҲƴػסСӣ
սڳҶڵ˶ߴݳûҶȻսΪ֮ġ
ǵģڣǾҲȥģսһ֮Ϊţ
սҡǿԵĵͷӦš
ڣСģ
սȥѾҶҲ޿κε˵
Уʱúõһ£սһĹϴлǲٵģﾲһʱ䣬ʵն񣬲𼶵ľ粻ôɾͿԴﵽģҪ뵽𼶵ǿΪҪĲֻвϵĴĦؼԼÿһ˽ǲһģֻܹȥο򡭡
ս𲻶ϵĽ̵Ҷ죬ͬʱǿҲڲϵĴţȴҲǿаԵĵǡ
ȻһѰǾ飬ҲսƺӦһ൱Σա
ʱƣҹɫĳֳսǶսʥ໥ĸӦ漴ƿգʧҹɫ֮С
ߵʧҶвһֳ嶯
ǿ
ÿӵһеǿ
ֻӲܹػԼˡ
ζŸղս˵ĻҶն٣ǶҲ˺ܶࡣ
֮УҶĻصԼ޹
»䣬֮һ־ףɫ»֮£޹֮еһƺǶʼԽһ־׵Ϣζʡ
ҶҲ»俪ʼ𽥵ıþ
һҲֻҵĿ̫ԵʣǿߵϹϵѪӳ֣κεѣȫĴƵġ
ҶУķ˲١
ž
Ų̤޹һ˲䣬һ΢ȴ˳
ҪӡҺܡ
϶һĨƺܣȴƺţǵĽΪ֮棬ǲһֵڴС
֮µҶĳķ˹ȥ
ĶǽҲ֮ǿţĳҲҶ𽥵ĿʼһĨС硣
Сȴ𽥵׳š

ٴεһһΣƺǻ䵽˼һ㣬ʴ꣬㹻κεһ֮԰ѳסΪ˵ǣ֮ȴһοܣ㹻ļ˵һĳ嶯
޲õĽ˺ݺݵѹԼ棬ϵı̢һ㡣
ܿģҶ뵽һ֮Ѿ˼£΢΢Ĵ򿪵ģҶ΢΢һ𣬶ʱһ̽ڴ
漴ָ΢΢һСĽŷ𽥵ţһѪڻɫǵĻǰ
׻ĽԹĳǰ
ѩɫļÿһ綼ǾӨ͸Ϊ֮ݣһִĿĵУ׻Ľʱ·Ůһ໥һ΢΢һ֮Уϵļһ˿ĻߣǼϸ嵽һֺεȾ˵ĳ̶ȲŻģ
С椡
ҶаԵĿЦѣͬʱȴҲһڴУŮǱˣѩ溡
ѩԸ֮󣬱ϲŮӣǰԵĺܣȻҶ֮ìܽ⿪ˣаϲȴûиı٣ƺǸӵ޼ɵ
ڣѩ溵ĽϰţÿһεĶ溵С΢΢ſڵĺţ˵ϣʱһ糺ɫ
Ѿķɫ溵ĽҶȻҲİģ溵ĺܣ˵ĺܣ͹²˵嶯ǶԷܻӭɬ
ǰʱĴСдݳ֮У϶ʱ󣬶ٴεͱպȻʱѩĶѾ𽥵ʧȥ˵ֿ
һѩ׵ĲƵѩĽ棬ʼͼѹ
溽㡭аѩԴаЦϹһĨʤ̬΢֮Уѩ֮˼£һ˲䣬һİֳ֮ѾһľӨ
ôӡ溽ѵĽе
ϴʱ糺쵽˼£һҲ֪Ϊ鶯Եʣͱ˵ķۺɫ
࣡
ѩѩĶţС΢Цѵ溽㲻ϲ𣿵ڶ˵
䡭
Ҷڻʱı˳
һľʮ˵Ļ
ҪˣҪˡ
溻ɬޱȵʱѩȴٴεĶ
Ǹ溽ڵҪժ̬Ҫ˵ˣҶܲˣҶ쿴Ļ»ӵܲ˵ġ
ž
ոյ£ȴˣҶ˫ĿĿǻС椣ϴǿҵĳ嶯һ˿Ц
ǰܲˣٴδսٻغϣ
⻰˵ѩ϶Ϊ֮ʧɫ
һ˲䣬ȴرգҶٵĳŮŨŨĳ嶯ǿҵϢѩ̲ס糺

һڴȻĽٴεĳ֣һΣٴεĶһӵĴغ
ͬǴ˵е˫ɰɡ
Ҷ֮Уۣ˷ܵĺ


2087 ƵĶսħ𣡾ޣ
һҹ֮Уȴڶյ⻺ҶŻѣһҹҶ˯Ϊ̤ʵһϡ
һҹķ֮УҶν֮ѩС椣ԸȻûжٱ仯ֶȴ
ʩչνҶʶ˺ܶ࣬ǰͬһͻݵĴһ㣬ȴҲʩչԼȫȥӭҶ죬뵽Ůϵĵ࣬뵽ĽҶٴε˸о
֮һƬĻ壬ŮʱҶϣ˯ĺϢӭȻҶһǿҵĳ嶯ڿŮ޷ڸǵƣУȴε̾Ϣһ
ϽҵζȻһе鷳ϵսȥѰҵ½ȻӣǣĻҵԽǿҪúõͷһ¶ѣð˸ҶεĿЦϵǿţҶڵĳֹƺҲڲϵǿǴﵽһ޷ĵزǹĻòйҶ޷ԼԺöôĿơ
΢΢һ漴ҶѾ˵ϣӸŮϣϴһ裬ۣˬ߳޹
һҹĲ࣬Ǳ˳ζĵҶ̲ס¶һĨЦ⡣
Цô
һ̲סĴ˳
ҶһΣ漴תȥֻսħʱ޴è۳ǰǿƵ̬Ҷ̿
ôϿ൱ķ񰡡
ŶսħӣҶЦ˵
սħȻҵԼѪΪľѧǵزشУ˵ʲôطǲġ
ҺҶȽϤֽҲȽϷ棬ԸҶصսһĵϣΪŮˣȸҲߡ
ơۡ
սħһ򵭶̬ʱҲ̲סľ
ڰķӡ˲٣ȴû뵽ŮƾԼȻָһʵ
뵽ϵ飬սħٴε
Ҷ΢΢һЦ⶷սʥ⿪ǴȸҲģսħʺܺãԺܻܿΪƽħԳһƿأ⶷սʥΪľҪսħΪһ˲õǿߣǴȸƺҲԳΪһ
ֻҪãûڲǽǡ
ҶζĿŶսħİο
ȥɣŮ˵ʵ̫ǿˣڸĶ֣ѪϾѵѾٱˣǱҲ֪ԲŮ˵Ķ֣Ůûˡ
㲻ĿŮ˰ɣ
Ҷ̲סĿЦ
ʵϣӿʼǵΪֹҶ춼ǴȸԷ̫ǿˣ̫߰ˣǶսħȥ㶨ģԷǿѾﵽ˲𼶵ĳ̶ȣһȹһμԪ٣սħȻףҪȥԷʵȥѹȥҲ£ȸҲǲ
˵֮·ĺܣƵĺܣսħºܳһʱ䣬ǲռԷ˵ġ
ϻӵһôϲһС椣ӵһ۾ϲ
սħ˵
𣿡Ҷεĵ˵ͷ
ңһָоֱСһסӵģһΪӵŮˡսħޱȵĿҶ˵
ߡ
һߴݳ
öһ㣬˵һ
֮Ķսħȴһ
ֻԶһӰС
ͨŮһ㣬˵Ľյ£ȻͶˣ촽˸ѩôһȴһ̵
һȥǼɡ
ҶЦ˵
սһĵϣս֮ܵ⣬ĻʯϹҲǲٵģ˵ҹսȵεǿߡ
˵ȻҲǲС椷죬οڵĴȸֻһʵҶ춼ԽԷ㶨ΧĹƴҲǳصġ
㻷£СҪ뿪Ҳǲܵ顣
ȫϣҶ컹аյġ
𼱡㣡
սħͻȻĿ˵
սħͻȻӻͳһӸҶ졣
ʲô
Ҷһֻ壬һɫƵƣĿȥء
ǻƽħԳһؼ㿴һ£аá
Ҷĵ˵ͷڻƽħԳһؼҶ쵹Ҳ൱ĺģеǿҲš
֮
սһ֮ب֮ڵǿ֮սͨԼͨķ˺ܴŴġ
Ӵƹӳ֣ĺôڶ࣬ս˵ģ֮սһĴ֮ԭӦǡ
صİҪԼȥ̽о
뵽֮УҶĺһʱһɺ嫵Ѹٵ
ǿϵĿʼߣҶ춼Щɫ΢䡣
ǿԪ֮£ΧһƷ·Ǿһ㣬ɢĹ⻪Ӧñ֮ĺô֮һ
˰ٱֹսһˣҪǿԼȷʵΪսһġ
УҶ˫ĿԺ֮У˿̬ؽԼɣ𽥵Լѧ
ҶڵѾﵽһ£ɱݻ˴ʱ۷֮Уһһʽ޲̲ǿİǰҪǿƵǷ켫ҲΪ
һյʱ䣬֮УҶնĲࡣ
Ҷȴû˷ɣĬĬݻԼѧ
Ҷľѧǿռ֮Ǵɱ˷ʤǰҶ컹оռ֮ǿ󣬵ʱƣҶȴѾԸоռ֮ǿ֮
ռ֮ռ䷨򣬲ب֮Զʱ䣬һﵽһ־֮󣬿ɱɱҡ
꣬ҶΪصκεһ˶ûа취Ķ쵽Ҷ֮Ŀֲ֮
֮ì籩򡭡֣ÿһֶǾޱȵ
ȭ֮У֮ȭҶΪǿһ֣صݻȭǿƥŵĺܡ
ʩչ㹻Ķ쳹һ
֮Уҿ͸ɵЩǿߵȫݻҪǿ
߲ٶȿľˣڵļѾﵽʮ֮ĵزһת˼£ѰĲȥĦҵĴڡ
Ҷ첻ϵĽԼǿֶοʼһһһ飬ջԽԽࡣ
ǿᣬұȥҲģҵսһҪֲΪתҵ̫ˣΪؼǣѰҵΪֻ֮Ѱҵ֮ҵſԵõ׵ķӣ
һ֮Ҷ뵽˶սħ𽻸ԼĶ
΢΢һǲһСɫѾС


2088 һ߲ƣ
һöӵɫĹ⻪һֺĵϢϢŨ˸оһöļֵԵĲ򵥡
ž
ָ΢΢һȥЩϵƣ
ǻƽħԳһĴ֮𣿡
૵Ҷ˫Ŀ΢΢
һöϵȻȥʷƾã£Ҷ쵥˵Ļȴû취ȥоеǿͲ֮
䡱
һת뵽֮С
ʱ棬һâʼ£žϵĳֳ
зӦ
Ҷһϲ漴ļٶȡ
ǹŹֵȴʱˡ
䡱һĲ·һֻ̰ħ޾һ㣬ҶȻ˲ȥԴԴϵĽ뵽С
ɫһ޵׶һ㣬ϵȥݻҶ̰ɵԭĹ⻪ƺǱø
Ҳ
Ҷ̲סŭ
Ѿһֻ̰һ㣬Լȴû˿ĸı䣬ֱǿӵ
˷Ź֮⣬ûá
ҡ
һɺ嫵ɢݺݵؽ忪
ҶڵĴϢһ¡
ݵʱѣҶȴЦõķ֣ԼڵȻһ뻹࣬ٶȣθڣҲ̫˵㡣
սħѾĲǹİɡ
ҶݺݵرһѾġ
硭
ڿеĳӣݺݵشһ磬˫Ŀ΢΢ٴγŲԶ˹ȥɫ֮ͫУ˸ǿҵĹâ
⣬𣿡ҶٴεĳȥϸϸİţЩʶĸЩŹֵơ

ͻȻҶ΢΢һоһ˿Ծĵط
Щƣƺǿʼˡ
ҲҶ컹˼ʱңң֮Уһʼͷš
һƬޱĺڰ磬޾а
֮ϣû˿ı߼ʣеֻ޾ĺڰа
ӡ
һ޴ݻıŷһ֮£Ĳһ٣漴Ľٵ֮ϣŽâʱɫγ˵â
ɵأҪһ㡣
޴ӰıţһƽħԳԷ˫Ŀâ˸ﵽŭ֮Уһݺݵرơ
䡱
һڰӰĻ顣

ŭһഫһӰһ㣬˸ȥһȭԵһȭͬﰧһ㣬֮һӰĻɢ

ߵ΢΢ĴϢһ£ǵĺڰʼɢ˲٣漴ߵģҲ˳
ս𡢶սʥ
ȷʵǾ֮ӸоϢģЩӰʲôȻƵĴţǵڶûнնɱ
սʥ̲סĽе
ȷʵǾϢȴƺЩԾ
ս˫Ŀ΢΢ü֮һâ֣ϳѰš
п϶һƵģߵʵһƬҲñˣȴûа취ȥ飬϶ƣ˵ǱʲôƿأҪҵĻﳤʱĻǲҲ鷳ġ
ȥ
սĵ˵ͷߵͷųĹ⻪ֱӵĽǻָǧƵĺӰƿѸٵĳȥ
ߡ뵽Ҫ뿪𣿡صĿռ֮УһӰ￴ţǵǰһ羵ӰĺۼɣĳӰսͶսʥ
һԭǺܸ߰þΪնǹȻˣһξԵˣ뵽֮Ҫȥܵġ
һðӰֳﻺ˵֮дޱԹĲ·ĪĳԹһ㡣
ȷʵһΣһǲȴҲ޷߳ˣߣ˴УѾ군ˣҵҪѪʲôǽа塭
һ֮б̹ǵĺܡ

ǰӿǺĺˣǵ˿ԴԴϵĽϢݳܿģǾͿԶˣȴսһʼ
Ц˳Ϊ֮ĺܡ
սһ
֮
Ҷ˫Ŀ𣬿еһöڲݻţǷ·ǻŵһ㣬ϵߣ֮ƺǴĳضĹһ㣬Ȼ޷ȥĶҶȴоеĲ򵥡
ۣ֮
ڵһҶüĿ֮ۡ
ۣ֮Ͽɿ죬¿ɶģ֮ﶼ޷ӣ
ҶĶʱǰһѾ˸ı䣬ϵҶ֮ǰŴ
䡱
һɺ嫵Ѹٵı˳
һƷ·һ㣬ŹϵϢݻһıϵĿʼת
ÿһƱһܣҶ˫Ŀٵݻ
ƣЩƹȻĲ򵥣һϵؼ
ҶдϲڵҵƵǿá
¡¡
ͬǴݿһ㣬Ȼ֮䣬һɺ嫵⾳ʼѸٵҶǰݻֱӽҶ챾˵궼˽ȥ
ǿᣬ޷ܾҶһ漴û˿ķ㱻˽ȥ
һ
һŭͻȻı֮Уһ޷ڸǵİ·ǿԽһһ㡣
ǿ⾳ͻȻĴݳҶֻǸоԼǰ͵ĳֳһǿҵѹĺܡ
졢ء
˲䶼һ棬ǿڶѸٵıȥ
Ҷһжǿеѹȥûб㱻Ļɡ
䡱
ҵʹҶϼⶼҪŤˣɾʹʵ̫ǿˣûа취ȥֿ
⾳
Ҷɫ΢䣬漴¶һĨϲɫһҲһϵؼԼá

Ҷĺ
ʱ䣬ľӹȥˣҶ֮вϵһδεıȥ漴ٴ뵽֮
ٴεĽ뵽صĿռ֮У
ʮյʱӹȥˣڵһ֮УսһŻ֮Уһɺ嫵ܻͷ˳
áս𣡡
ƺƵĴݳһɿͷš
֮еսܵˣɫ΢΢һ䣬漴Ŀٳ˳ͬʱսһǿǷ׷׵ĳ֮С
ڡȺһôʱ֣սҡɫ仯˫Ŀâ˸ݺݵغ
ߡƣ
һǿЦ˵


2089 Ѫ
ڵǰݼˣ
ڴݣֻһΣԭӵǿᣬݵһµĳ̶ȣԲǧ𶯵ĲʹضڷĹҪһƬһ㡣
þ˵Ϊ֮дһ˿˿Ҫ˵궼һ˲
սܵ¶һĨɵͷ֮ɫ
ǿΪѾﵽ˲𼶵ǿ̶ˣʵѾȹ˼Ԫ٣ɾϵ
ߡ
һߴݳսҡɫ൱ѿʱսڵȴⲻһõ󣬸ӲһõԤס
ģ̫һŻܹΣǻɣսһ֮Уµţǿķǡ𡱡šǶУǲ𼶵ǿҪƵĻҲ൱ѵģͨ쳹صʵǿͨһͨƱؾǺսһ໥Ŀ⣬׵˺ǸʱǾͻڵޱȿ£Ҳøޱȣڵսû䣬˺Ҳ൱
Բ򲻵ѵĻǲܳ˺ģڵ˾޴󣬾Ϊ˽սһǿǳ׵ļ
ߡô뿪ϢѾ©ˣ
һǿĺ֮дǿҵ޲õɱȥ
ڵǰݼѵĲ֮𣿡
һٴε˸ı䣬ƵĿǺѾ൱ˡ
䡱
һɺ嫵ͻأı֮Уһֳ
ΰϢͱϵĿʼݻţΧĿռ䶼ž죬Ѳ
漴⼸Ӱĳ֮С
ҹսʳˣ
ĺ棬żˣϵâ˸ƲÿһȻǲ𼶵ǿߣʵͨĺܣԵһֶȹ˼Ԫٵ̬
꣬Ȼ۸ſˣõĽаڽдɤŴ󰡣ֲӣ
һӴŭԷӵ
һҹս˿ǿߣʵͨǿ
ǵĳ֣Ҳսǵһķɡ
ߡ
ڵǣһ֮ɫһʵ̫̼ˣⲻ
ʱˣ˵ķΪǲ֪ǵѾز𣿡
һڵ̲סߵ
䡱Żش򿪣âʼٵ˸ϼޱߵҪ񷸲סһ϶ֳ˷ɵ̬
ߡ
һǿ߻ؿںȵ

֮Ҷ촫һĴشϢ
ϴſЦɫһɫʯ
һˣͲһˣ
ɫʯ˸Ĺ⻪͹ӣǶһҶνǺ޵Ѿɵ̫ǿˣҶָٶȣ޷ϵɣÿɣҶ춼ȥѺܳһʱȥָ
һ뵽ڲռĴҲȵʮΣҿʼʱ󲿷ֶǱɳġ
ˣ⾳Ҽˡ
Ҷ˷ܵĽеƽħԳһĴ֮Ȼ򵥣̲صһ⾳൱ǿһõ֮Уɱ㹻ٱֹĵز˵ҶŻǿҵҪȥ򵽡
ȵ֮󣬾ͿԳȥˡƴһΣ˫ĿҶӰٴεһ漴建֮ͣһѾӲвϵζٴεһĮݳ
һ䡭
Ѿ֪ͨǻƽħԳһˣܿǵ˾ͻᵽȻ֪һȺһ֮еǴźεǿĴڣб޻
һսһǿ˫ĿϣϾʥ⣬ؿ˵

ҹսʵ˫Ŀ𣬷һĺâɽ֮ﶼҪΪ֮˲ҹսһϵǿߣ֮ݺ֮䣬νǺе֣Ƣǻ𱬵ĺܡ
Ҷء
˫ĿһҹսͻȻĿںȵ
֮ʱѾ˹ؼʱ𣬶ûгˣ
սҡЦ˵
õġʱ𣿡
ҹսεüͷ
ѾǰȥػˣĸˣǴҲýߣ
սҡ϶˵
һγ֣Ǹǻ޷ܣҶȴܹȥˣƴҲһȥģĸˣսһҲẦȺѾģ
ҹսʵĻܴ

һĳ绮
ʱһǿ֮߳С
˲񷣬һ绮ƴһ㣬һǿ߻ϣ߼Ԧս̤գÿһһ񷡭
ʵϡϡ޲ﵽ۷ĳ̶ȡ
սһһһȺ쵰Ȼ߲ơ
СѪѾغˣҲƴסˣˣҲᱨġ
սҡϻسֳһĨ̬
ŻѽλսһǿǣսһҪѰ˼ҽһ
һڵӣֳֽħƣ΢Цؿ˵
ͿԼ𣿡սЦ˵
ʺһĴڣȻ˵ķʲô
սҡ͵һ˲ĻգֱӵĳЦݵڵײȥ
䡱
ضɽҡǿޱߣɲֱҪضѵһ㣬һڵǿ߻ûеȵӦϵЦݻûʧ˲ıо˿ռ֮һɱ֮ʼƣĿռ䶼Ϊ֮Ϊ֮һ谵
顱
ķѵķɢѪ裬궼ֱӱһɱŰѵ
ǿֶκͿɲ˲ڵǿɫһ䣬ԭĵЦ˲ͣȻĸı
㡭
һڵǿߴŭ
һ𼶵ǿߣԷ¶Ļߣսҡ⣬ϵҫ˸ϣâ֮Уͷš
С㾹Ȼɱҵĵӣ
䡱
ȻıŷԷȻҲ˿ûĿʼˣԹ˫Ŀʼ˸ȥһı
֮ϣһɫĴɽʼѹȥսҡĳ֣
žžž
սҡžϴһ˿ɫһɫĴɽ̫ɽһ㣬Сɲĺܣֻת˲ѣ㱻ǿеѹ
үģ
һ𼶵սһǿߣͻȻĿʼ֣Է࣬һȥֱӵĽɫɽˡ

ǿߴĺ
ˡ
һͳ
һս֮ϣһɫӰ˸ţǴӶԷﴫݳġ


2090 
˵Ȼͳ֮ȴ·ǺİһеĲϵݻռ䶼ƺںһ
һ޷ڸǵϢȻ㲻ǿ󣬵ȴһǿѹ֮˵걻˲ѹסû˿ķ֮
˵֣ʱҲҹսʵɫݺݵһ䣬Էʵоһ˿в
һҪǿĲҹսڵΪڲĳ̶ȣҶȹμԪ٣ǰһȻҲȼϣԵıԼҪǿ١
ȻϱԼҪֲ
սһ˴͵ǲֻҪһսѵ˵ͿԲ׵𣿡
ɫӰؿ˵
֮УÿһֶǴһɽսҡ˵϶һĲѪҪһ㣬һΪǿᣬԵɾѧ
һһ޲̲޵ɱ
һݶ¶ˣҪ𣿡һǿЦ˵
ߡ
һߴղǿʮֹ
һǿ߲ĳź浹˹ȥ֮дһĨѪĸǿ
ǿѾ˫ȲڲⲻǺ£ϱԷǿеѹ
˵ĸогĪС
Ǵ췴ɣ
ҹսʵͻȻĵȵ
ƵĮǿȴڷɿӿѸٵҰ
䡱޴һݺݵسѸٵļ䡣
ۡۡ
һڵĵӷ׷׵Ѫףеǵ˳ȥ
֮֮ҹսʵķ

ɫ⻪˸һصǿ߷ŭһ
ˡ
ƾһֳҹսʵҲһ貵Ĺ⻪ɡ
Ҳڼٵš
֮ѸٵײһǿޱߵѸٵļؿʼıѿһޱߵĺۼ޴Ѻ֮УѶݺݵسһɽʼ
¡¡
һ춯صı֮ĹϴɽķָΪ롣
顱ҹսʵĽŲݺݵ˲˰벽ϵı¶һ˿̬Ȼһεĳҹսʵѹܴ
Ǻǡսһ֮ǿߣҹս֮ǲ򵥡ĽâԽŨ⻪ͷţ漴һӰʼĶԷݳ˵ǰ
һȥʮģӣԷϴһۣۿƿŶһ¶
ѩɫĹ⻪ǰϵţͷĹâ˸ŶԷڵݣ棬εĶ׹йţɼĪ
Է黨һ㣬ս֮ϣƺЦƺڿޣƺŭƺڿġ
ĸоʵĿֲ쳣
û뵽㡭
ҹսʵ¶һĨȵɫ漴ıüɵ쳣ݺݵؿŶԷǴ˫ĿڶԷüעš
һ׻ӡǣֳİ׻ţʱŭĿһ㣬˵꿴һ۶оܵĪĴݲһ㣬ȥڶۡ
𣡡
ٴε³ĸ֣Ȼֻĸ֣ǰսҡڵǿ޲һϵĽ䱸֮ɫҲʼԽŨ

ڵĶ
ǿ޲ڰԵĽ䱸š
֮еĶǿߣʵǿĺܣһΪɲ⣬ͨ쳹ز˵ĪͨŴ˵֮УƻʥԻѪ壬ԻΪʳϵʥꡣ
ڵĴܷ֮ڣΪڵĸǿߡ
Ȼ֮ǱȽϵ͵ģļȴԵĲ͵˸ոյ߳նɱһ𼶵ǿߣǺɨһаնɱǿߡ
ģȥȻȻȥû˿ɱǷǺֹǿߣûһյģ޲նɱ
˲£ع鵽֮У˺ٳ֡
ܹսһҹս֪֣ҷҲȷʵҵĺܣ
¶˵˷֮ɫؿ˵
Էü֮УǻӡǲϵͷţķһʱһĻͷų
ߣ֪ΣӶû˿뷨ҸӵĲȥʶ㣬Ѿչˣټͣڴˣ
ҹսʵ˵֮кǵȻʱҲûнսڵϢȻǴ㿴ԷǴʲô
Ц֮͵Ĵ˳֮дź嫵ܣƺƵմ˳
ǿտĿһſŵǳʼҡҡ׹Ļǳ
ЦȻķǳһ˵ĿֲΪɲʵҹսʰԵĽ䱸ѡ
𣿡Ц˼֮ΧĹȴûɢ󵽣һǿΪǴﵽһô˵ĳ̶ȡ
𣿵Ǳչ𣿻˵Ѿ뿪֮ٴεĴݳҹսʵ˵ȴݺݵһ
ȫû뵽һı¶ˣϢǴʲôطݳȥģ
սһǿߣȻĲᴫȥģѪеˣÿһ֪ԣȻĲ⴫ģǻƽħԳһˣҲᴫݳȥġ
ƨ°ڵ黹Ҫͺ¿л𣿡
սܴ
һ첻µز£Ȼ֪ԼһĶ֣ȴҲ⣬ŭš
졭
ϴŵЦݣͻȻĵȵ
顱
սܵ˲˳ȥڵѪڳˣҹս֮⣬ֵܹ֮٣ȴûа취ȥֹһĳٶ̫ˡ
ٶȣ
ǿ֮ڶԷٶȣ
ңսһĵϷ𣿡
սҡ͵Ҫ֡
ס֡
ҹսͻȻĺȵ
ڡ
ҹսʵĻսҡⲻҲԷıֱҪߵĶࡣ
졭˻ȥ
սܻˣڻǳ˺ʱ˵ȻĲܹʱ֡
ǵˣ뻹
˳
ȸǽ̤ƽսһ
ڵǷ׷׵ŭ
Ƕսħڵͽߣǵز֮ڱҪǣؽսħŵǵزصĴУǱôȥսһҲڵô鷳ɣ
֮д˿˿⣬䣬в̬εȵ
ʱսûг֣һȺڵĵ֮˵޼ɵҲȫΪһ㡣
𣿶սħƽħԳһѪҪߵĻȻûǱùǻƽħԳһأ
ҹսʵЦ
ҹսʣʵ㣬һΣ˽ҲýҲý
ıȥݻĿ
Ǻǡôİô簡ȿȿȡȻǰˣ
һϵͻȻ֣ĳ֣ҹսʵͻȻ¶һĨ漴ı˾ϲ֮ɫ


2091 սħѪ
ž
һŲݳ
Դңƺ߲ȵԵɵģÿһε߶ϵĴҵ
ܿ죬һ͵Ӱ˵ǰ
һŹȵߣһͷѩɫĳһԻǵ˫Ŀһ˫ӵЬӣһ򵥵װ
еȣ忴ȥһѰ߶ѡ
ԷĽŲȥȣеҡڣϿȥѾޱȵĹˣȥԷ䡣
߲һεģżĺܡ
սһȻһʺϵĵطֻɫȻҲˣ
һǿߵЦţһǿһ⥱ϣЦĽš
һ޴񽣣ȥݡ
ǺǺǡ֮ˣȻ˲űôõĿڲŵǲ׵ĺܰ
ҲȥֺǺǵЦ
һԻǵ˫Ŀȴسһڵӿ˹ȥ
áԭоԾķͻȻ뵽ʲôһ㣬д𣬷ɿĳһӿȥһ̣ڵӻڴЦ֮ȴȻɫ䣬漴¶˾ֵɫ

Ĳҽ˳
ȻķѣѪɢǾ޴Դع䵽˷ǰһԾֵ˫Ŀʱ޷պϵţ·ǿʲôɲһ㡣
Ǻǡô°ô˵ըͱըأѵ˵߻ħڵ˰̫żˣ֮Ҳֻ֪̣һζȥޣѵ֪ӷʵ䷴𣿡
߲ϵĿ˵
ĻȴǷɫѿѿ൱ѿҲǷһα仯ɫǰϼһƬ촽һһϣɷµģǸоԼͬһֵĲݺݵس֣ļ̤˸һ㡣
ħ𡭡û뵽㾹Ȼû
ɫޱȵĿߣݺݵغ
Ժ󰡣ǧĲҪǿʤ֪װһܿƵģ˵ʲôʱ͹ҵˣ㿴ھһӣⲻǹ𣿰ҵˮ׼Ҳ򵥰۾ûбպϣλˣѵôĿڵĵӱʬڴ˴ûһ˫۾ڳڴĿΰ֮𣿡
ੲݵĽе
̬һ롣
⻰Ƿ˵ȴֱһĳ嶯ˣϼһ̫ܹװˡ
ħѡ뵽սһ֮Уȴû뵽龹ȻģҪװģˣݺݵѹסԼĵǿҵɱؿ˵
ħ˭ͷӲһֲ˵СѣŰˣʹˣҲˣǰɣһ˫۾ûϹ˵һǿʲôˬ飬ͷȻǿԻӶģ
ħ𵭵Ŀ˵
ȻﵭȻ֮ȴһ޷ڸǵš
ǽ֮޷ˣǱ𲻽һսһҵԼĥˣǶսħսһˣͿԽˣһУҲȥõֶΡĻǼʵʸȥ˵⻰
ħҲһ˲õʵĺܣһѪѾݽߣԭǵһˣȻսƺתȴҲδȫʢʱڵʵ
ҹսϣֿܵסĳ֣ĵȴû취ˡ
Ǻǡ
ҹսͻȻһЦЦøӵƺƵһĪĿ֮޲ѹȥ
ǿΪ֮Ϊ֮֮ⷽԲǧ֮УϵĻصš
ЦҲڵǿʼɫֲʵ޷ڸǵƣǵ
ôЦôĿڣǵʲôطǵΪֻڵıӻŴеڵΪطľô׾Ϳв𣿷ôװҲװ̫ͼ˵ɣ
ǵģȷʵװͷˣǿһװȵļʱѧϰһ°
ħҲʼݳһһ֮У޲һֳζ
áܺã
ĵ˵ͷ
ʵ󲻵ʧȥսǻܹʲôʵǣһΣǺսѾȥѰҾˣͬʱȥĻжսʥ𣬹
ﻺؿ˵һʱҹսʵ˵ɫΪ֮һһȺһȻ֪һ㡣
˳߲Ȼǲʶ̧٣ǾͲҪˡ
սѪϴһҲ
Ȼı
ս˲
ɱ
ɱ죡
үģܲˡ
սҡٴεĳֱ֣ӵݻΪǧ׸ߵݺݵ̤£սٵһ㣬һɷķ籩

һŭ˳ħ˫Ŀ˿˿ֱ֮ӵĺҹսĳ֣ŷȥ
ǿһλǽնɱĻ㹻Ӧһеġ
С椣ʱɲҪӣڵʵԣӵĶ֣֮УսħǰһӰĺ
ȸϹ˷ŭĻߣ˸ţ뵽⼸֮еľȸıһŭ⡣
ңⱲӿеŮˣӸӵĲ˵㣡
ǰԵ⼸սܴݲеģȫĲһ
Եļһǿֲ̬ȸ̲סһһĸоɣһϲƺҲһ顣
Ǻܿģ뷨ȴȸݺݵ˦˳ȥݺݵصŶսħ˵
ںߣҿԱ֤㲻ǳΪڵĻʵ㣬һڵĶʵͨ죬ܲģֿĽֻȸûз֣Լ֮УŵĲƺһ˿С
ڹˣһȺȤͺ¿һ𣬻ҵҶСӺȾأ
䡱
ͻȻһ٣һɺ嫵һʵȻԭӵǿһԽɫͫ˸սħٶͻȻļӿ
༶н׵ľ磡
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޾޴һ㣬һ޴ĻƽħԳ̤һݺݵسһڵĵ̤ȥ˲һ
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޴ֱӽڵӵ̤Ϊ⽴
ڳˣ
սħĳ֣÷¶һĨ
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ŷĶҹսʺħߵ̲ס¶һĨȵɫΪĳ֣ȻǶűˣǶŴȸ
ڷɱ֮еĶսħͻȻĸо˲Ծ漴Ŀȥʱ˫ĿɵùԲ

һɿһ㣬̤Ѹٵĳһȥ
ڳϹĴȸͻȻĸоԼһĺ⣬һ˲䣬˾Ȼһصһ㣬ǿҵϢ΢΢һݣ
ô£
ȸתѸٵ֮пһɢʥâìڳ
˸ʥϢڵϢʲô
ô£Ϊʲôҳ֣ǶĲ
ȸĴƺǶֹͣתˣ˴סϢѾҪˡ
ͣ
ɭȻľ£ļ˹

һƬѪڵĻǱ˳Ѫˮ䡣

ޱȵļž
֮ϣһݺݵرסһ塣
սħŻɵɵĿԼС椣̲סСѩĶͷϾһ㣺
ɵ椡
䡱
ѪȻĿӿ˳Ҳһ˲֮У֮ڲһɺ컺ˡ


2092 һħ

ž˼£
ռ֮У·ҪΪ֮
ž
΢žĻ
ѪǶսħѪڻصѪΣѪ֮꣬зɿ䣬ĺܡ
ȸϴžɫԲٲȻһ޷ŵɫڸղŵһ˲䣬ǸоԼҪ׵ˣϢεȵ˶Ҫˡ
ǱӦеľʹȴûг֣еֻһůĻһĶоޱȳʵĻ
ɵ椡
֣ȴ̲޵ĸ顣
ģ¶ˣ׵ļ¶һ޷ڸǵĸ˲Ŀʼ֮С
һҶԼռ˵ļһһԼŮ˵ļһһҵϷԼļһҲǵһ
һеһз·һ˲仯㣬ǻ֮еůȴ𽥵ɢ
ڿʼñ䡣

޷ƵʹӴȸﴫݳ֮дһڸǵ
񡢼ʹࡢЪ˹
СʦãʲôϽĽͽߣʬ壬ҲԽȡߣ
ĺ
ű䣬
͡
һ˫ĿȻĳķȥƣ˸ޱߡ
ȸؿŷ𣬷·ڿһİһ㡣
ȸôˣһʱ翴İһ̬
顭̫ˣ
սܵĺϹŭݣǿ˶սħϲǴȸʱĳ֣ȥҪնɱȸʵϣȴ㷽ʽӵնɱ⶷սħ
һֻҪǸ׳գԿĳ
Ҳʱ֮ڲ
һӰԼһɺ죬ɺ˸缲һ㣬У˸޾
ڵĻ˳ֶκתʵǿֲĺܰ
Ҷ¶һĨɫؿ˵
Ҳʱһ󱯷ߵ˼µĳХ˳ޱߵľһ㣬űߣ޾ĺ⣬ݶ趯š
ž
Ҷɫ΢䣬һֲԤгС
ɱ
ҹսʵɫݺݵر仯һȺڵʵ̫ˣɱˣⲻڴ
ҲʱǷɫȴݺݵһ䣬һɿֲͻȻı˳
һϿʼ÷ǷֲҪ񷶼һ㣬ϵĺëˢһ
ָоޱȵΣա
·ԼһޱаĴڸһ㡣
ǿҵĸо֮£ɫҵĸıţѸٵĳһ˹ȥ
ɺ˸
һɺѪ˫Ŀ޷ڸǵıʹ̹ǡ
Ҷ졭
Ŵˣɫ΢΢һ䣬漴¶һĨĹЦ
Ҷ˫Ŀؿŷ漴ٴγһȥһڱסһĿļһˮ䡣
Ƕսħ
һﾹȻ˵˶սħ
͡
Ӱ˸Ҷ˶սħߣĴȸҶаԵһϲãѾƺһҲûջ
ָ΢⶷սħüһ㼴š
ʱ֮ʼӿ
ҶɫȴʱƣǼʱѣѾ֮ɫľˡ
ӿš
˴룬Ѫӳ֣ͳ׵군ˣ֣Ҫɢ
ƣ̫ˣǳҶ⶷սħļ֮УҶ쿴ľ
ڣ
Ҷ콫ļС
͡
һɫĹ⻪˸ľ֮ҪĿʼ̲˶սħУ̲֮ʱǶսħϵƿʼһĻָڵѪԭѾû̲ǽ֮ЧȴǸɺԵĴϳ˸¶һ㣬ѸٵĽ֮ȫĹϷֵһ˿û˷ѡ
Ǳסˣϵȴޱȵأ꣬ܵĳ̫ǿˣǿҶ춼Щ޲ߡ
ֻڣһж˵ڵҪ⣬ǽڵ顣
Сôˣѵûס𣿡
ս̲ܵס¶һĨƵɫ
ʱ̽䱸ţһ޷ˣһҪ֤Сӣ
սҡ⻺ؿҶ죬ϵıޱȼᶨ
һôͳˡ
ҹսʵüͷ𣬶ʱҶĳ֣ʾ޳ɣҶǵϣǳµĻʧ޷󵽡
Ҷ˫Ŀ˿˿âضŴȸ˵չ˺оȣ
ȸǴ͵֮ȻļһҫĹ⻪ݺݵرס˶սħᶨĵ˵ͷ
ȸҪڲɣ
һǿߴŭ¶˷ŭı飬ڵҲ˵̬
еǿǺݺݵؿǶսħ𣬺޲õĽһֱӵնɱЩǿǣϵļ֮ɫ޷ڸǡ
ȸʲôˣڵĻһɫˣȻ׷ϵʸӵĶˣ㹻ǿΪ֮
˵ıȻҲ֮С
Ҷ建
ֻһһ˲䣬һɺȴļ˳
һħһ񷶼ҪΪ֮ռ֮һ΢ҡڣ漴ı쳣ǺޱȵѹҪ˵ѹһ
һ̣еǿ߶ʼɫҶȻޱ飬ȴһҪĻɽһ㣬һǾǼ籩꣬Ǿ
ɱ
˫Ŀź⣬Ĵȵ
ҡںսһս
ҹսʵϴŷɫһӡǷ趯漴ɽʼͷš
ÿһǾһ޷ڸǵǿ㹻Ŀɽʯһǿ
ħҲˣͬƿؾһ㣬ϵͷųĲ
ɱ
𼶵ǿ߳Ҷе˼籩꣬ķ˲佫ҶΧһεش飬һ˿ĶܿܶûС

ҹսʵɫ䣬û뵽ڵǿߵ˵޳ܣҪĺսһվˡ
𼶵ǿ߰лһȹһμԪٵĸ֣㹻նɱҶˡ
һսһǿߣ˿˼ϵ˺ۣƴĳҶȥͼסҶ졣
ǿߣ񣬿Ҷ죬ʱҶ·Ŵһ㣬ȫûжҲǿߵаԵЦѡ
͡
һɫ
һâֳ֮䣬·ֻһââݣ
͡
â˺ݶҪһжһ㡣
ʲô
ɫ䣬ȫû뵽龹ȻӣֱҪˣһ༶Ͻǿ߿ͷųǿ
޷
ǶȹһμԪٵĲĺǰһâû˿ͣЪռֻ֮һâȻ޷޷ֿ
䡱
Ѫ裬âһţ֮ȴƮɢѪꡣ
񱩵趯һɺ˸£һĳֶ֣Ȼվһ̣ǻ㣡
һħ


2093 㲻ţ֤㿴
ˣ
ˣ
궼ûгȥûб
֮ҲϵĴڣǿ֮еǿˣǰ˴֮⣬˭ܹѹ
Ǿȴת˲֮ˣеһ𻹶ȹһμԪٵ
ɺ˸ѩ裬֮еĺâƺǱеĳӵĺ䡣
һ̣е޲ĳ֮ϵһӰ˹ȥϴޱȵı顣
һ
ҶڻƽħԳһ崫ؼ֮򵽵ʽ
˵ʽؼ˵һ⾳һֶĸ
һ⾳ʲôǿٶȺϵѹ
һֽٶȺݻ۷⾳Խһ˵˲ѹȵ£ȻֱӱֶҲֻлƽħԳһǿſʩչڶһҶ졣
һȥصƣϵնɱ̬Ĵ˳ȥǿ˷ָ
Ҷվޱ飬ûмӣ·ղնɱĲǿߣβһ
ǿǴ޷ŵɫͬǿһֻһ㡣
ҹսʵˣ϶ڳ鴤ҹսʸǵĿЦ
Ѿģ֮ʲô̬⡭
ˡ
еĴֱޱȵĳһ׼Ŀ׼ĲǱˣǷ
â˸һƺâһ˿˿ĺǴգֱӴݵ˷ϣ˶оԼĺҪı䣬֪Ҷ첻ԼĶ֣εȴҲԼĶָ֣оȴˬĺܡ
㡭ˣ
Ҷޱȼᶨɫ˵
ûо춯صԣûк׳־ĺУûϵſеֻһֵȻ·ںһ㡣
ɫ˲ѿһвԼһ༶Ͻ׵СвԼ
ԼǶȹμԪٵĳǿߣ֮Ҳһͷˡ
Ҷ쾹ȻвԼ

̫ˣ
һڽһУһǽÿһ˶
Ҷش˳
ʱսһʵȻǿᣬڵ̫ˣÿһǿߣҶ㻰ƺһЦȻղĳޱȿֲ˵ԤϣȴҲΪв
СʵΪҹսʺħһҶԿһƵˣ
֮дŲмһ˫Ŀȴâ˸һɺֱײһһּᶨ޷ı־
һ̫ˣѹսһƴñ֤УնɱһĳɳԵĽ֣֮
ûз֣˼֮УƺѾ𽥵ĽҶ쵱һ˲õĻ֮ޱȵҶ죬ʶȴѾڰԵĽ䱸ˣĵһ䣡
㲻ţ
Ҷһ˿⣬֮ϴһ㣺
֤㿴
ɱ
ҹսʴŭһٵٴγ֣
͵Ϊһľ޴ۼݻİһ㣬ķһе谭ŷʼ֡
ǿֶΣǷ𶼲Ҵˡ
ȴҶ죬֪ΪʲôһֵĺͷþõûͣЪ
͡
ҶȻһͬһ⣬һ磬һٶϿٵľˣǷȻԿԷټȴҲûа취ƿ
ʲôôô죬ôһ༶Ͻ׵Сʩչٶȣ
д͵һļоƺЩԾ
̫Ծˣ

ޱȵ
ɱ
һǿ߷趯еĽħƣâ˸һҫĴػǻһ޴ɽһ㣬ң֮һжѹ
һ𼶵ǿߡ
ۡ
սܵ³һѪϴĻߣ
ү
ɣ
ǿĺ
͡
â˸
漴һȰӰٵһţһ˲䣬ȻֱӵĻΪΣǱɵ
ȫʧȥ
սܵɫ΢䣬˫ĿһȥͶʱ󣬼ⶼҪʼ鴤ˡ
һâϵķţݻڼӳ֣ٶϿٵľˣ֮޲һƬѪȷ硣
û˿ԵֿסԷУնɱһɡ
ѩ趯ܹıֻһʰɺ˸ţ
⾳
ǻƽħԳһ⾳
Ҷôʱ䣬ķƿص
ٶȺĽʩչﵽһ£Ҷ߲ͻ⾳ʱ̣ﵽʮ֮Ŀֲϣȫɱ䣬ٶϼֱ޷󵽵ľˡ
ϣ˸ٶʮѣѾǧٱӳֵЧˣǧ༶Ͻǿߵĺ֣ʮ֮ЧһǷ𶼵Ϊ֮ޡ
ɱɱɱ
뵽Լ˶ڱڵ˳ֹ뵽˶սħ𱻴뵽ڵ̫ͰԵ
Ҷɱһ޷ĵزµ߲ƺҲʼת۷壬֮еĴϵͷųޱߵĹ⻪
磡
ͻҶʩչؼ
ŭ𣬷ڱƣҶ˻Ϊһޡ
ң
һǿߴŭڵһ𻤷ʵ͵λȺǿ֮Ҳڷ
Է˫黨ƵĽɫӡϵתһֲı䡣

˫ƻӶԷü˸һâҶɱ

ҶѾʱݽߣûüתͶԷײһ𣬲ײͬǻӴһ㣬
ûᣡ
һ𻤷¶˷ܺɫҶɿɱȥҪ׵նɱ
ҪдϢĻᣡ
ĺȵ
һǿߣǰΧһƼӳ֣Ȼγһ޴һ㣬Ҷε档
ҪҶ쳹׵ı
ң
սһ֮УһĻӶȭͷǺӣͼԮҶ졣
ǰͺ̵ڵȴ˿ĲǻᣬЦͣȻԱ⡣
ߡ
Ҷ쵥ֳֵݵȻȴһֱ֮ת
𡭡˵ģһڽһУһǽÿһ˶ڡͿŰɣ
ꡪ硪
ĵħһ㣬ȻܵȻڷĶȴͬʡըһ㡣
á
䡭


2094 ƽħԳһľԮ
ͳȴִĲһɿɲɱ֮ϯ˹ȥ˵Ϊ֮һ
ûã
ʱ֮һǿߵͻȻ¶˷ɫĽҶ졭ݽ˰ɣȥɣ
ɫ䣬һǿҵΣƣ̲סĴĺ
ԾϽ뿪
飡
ҹսһȭصĻֱӵĻһ߹ǣĺ
ܺԼɣҶһ˿Ļߣĺ
䡱һǿ˲ϯ޷оԷΪ֮εĶ첻ĲˣΧһֶôֲıȴ˼ǿ
䡱һɺ嫵չ˳֮޲һ籩꣬ΧסҶǿǣ޲оԼһĲ漴꿪ʼһ
֮ϣһ޴пʼɣ漴ɵе꣬飬ֱӵıҶƿء
žžž
һǿ߾ֱӵĵ˵ϣʮǿߣ˲⣬ʧȥ
䣡ɢ
һ˵ĵˡ
˫Ŀۿѣĺɶڵм

ħ˫ֽӡһ޴ӡǺݺݵӡϣԷѪˡ
һնɱʮǿߣҶȻû˿ı仯ڵȴڷζ˴֮Ŵ˿ֲ籩ȴҲǿĺ֢괫ƣĸо
ٴɵΧЩ꣬Ҷͻ˯ȥˡ
Ǽɵô꣬ȴҲûа취ƣĸо˲ĲͺƣһҹȻٴεȥϢһ죬Ȼ˯ߵʱ㣬ȴûкõ
Ļ쵰֡Ҷ졭ڲݣ
ڵĶԷʵǿĺܣҹսʶҪֲǿеİҹսʺħߵĳ֣ȻֻһѪѣȴû˿ı仯
ݣ
ʣµĽӽ߰ǿߣĺ
߰ڵӣÿһʵ򵥣ȻһڵҪĿģҪսһˣ
Ѿ׵ķˡ
ˡ趯Ҷ쵭Ц԰趯˲Ҷٴεĳ֡
͡
һ⾳֮УһΣҶĽ̤߲תȴǡɱ֮ء˻Ϊһһ㣬޷ƵǿѸٵıһնһǿߵ

ŭǧٱӳʩչ۷壬ǵ˿ûмâ˸ȻĿһռһ㣬նգڣֱӵû뵽˼ǿߵ֮С
֮޲һƬѪȷ硣
Ȼ⾳ǿĺܣҶ챾ȴҲǿ˺ٶȺϵļӳ֣һһγɵʵĲ򵥣ⳤʱնɱҶĻڶʼѿˡ
ݺݵһǿߵײ˳
Ȼײһ֮£Ȼûнնɱ

Է裬һ㣬ɫâ˸ȻѸٵĽҶĴݺݵذУи¶˿˿ĵ֮ɫ
壡
ã죬УڵĹ̥ޱǿ㲻Ƕ֣һĿսһǿߴлӶǿǹһĸȥͼҶԮ
ڵȵˣҶ죬㽫Ϊı֣ȥɡ
һֻ֣ѸٵȭҶصɱͻƲɵޱߣȭӡѾҶĻ
壿Ҷһ㶣ʱ뵽ڵһŸѧ
ţⲻһϵĴѧԽһ˵ݻһ춯صĳ̶ȣÿһļⶼԻΪһ㡣
˵Ϊǲ𼶵ǿߣȻûжȹԪ٣һΪǿɲСһսĻ㹻Ϊֲ֮ѣѰսһǿ߶ȥС
ߡ
Ҷһ˿⣬徹Ȼֱȭӭȥ
á
ҹսʵɫ䣬Ҷʵǲ֪ǳ鷳ˡ
ȣ
һǿȻĳ֣һǿߵĳ֣ҶԮ
ɡ
ʩչǿߣϴ֮ɫĺе
𡭡
ҶﴫһХƻХ̤â˸
ȭ֣
ҫڼӳ֣Ӱ˸һ̣ڱתߵȭͷݺݵײһ
ˡ
䡱ӰֳһޱߵĴӰϵޱǿҶı֮Ӱ˿Ĳҫͺâɡ
ۡڵǿȭͷ˲ı¶ɭȻİ׹ǣֲ̬һľֲѣ˫Ŀž֮ɫĿҶ죺ôܣ
޷ŵޱȣ޷һеķһʩչնɱӵļһΪʲôôĿֲ
ҡҪ
˲ģĻ߳ϣΪľȻ˴ˣöԷȥܣȻڴʱѸ
Աĺе
һâ˸ŶԷĶȻݻΪһֻ֣֮εƿסҶҶ˫ĿһĿϣʱԵľȻûа취ȥѣ
áսһǿǷ׷׵ŭеһ˸ոյĴ˷ڿն˲ȴһâ
ǿ޲ŭ
ɡҶ죬һȥɣ
ޱԣ˵ҪΪ֮һﳹ׵ķˣΪһӣ
죡
ǿĺ
ӡ
һĺȴʱ򴫵˳
һ񷣬ƺƵĴݶ
֮һĿڷ㵵֮УһӰѸٵĳ
Ϊ׵һǿߣֳһɫȥϽɫëεȵβͿ裬񱩡
һ
Ҷ⾳ӵĿ񱩣ȻٶϲҶ죬ȴǿʮĵز
䡱
ǽҶƿסǿߣֱӱɫγɵĻΪ⡣
ƽħԳһ壡
ǻƽħԳһǿߣ
սһǿһ漴¶˾ϲ˷ܵɫ
ġôô죡
޷ŵĿŻƽħԳһǿߣǰǿߣңͬͻһ㣬Ц֮УѾѪ
ͣϹɷħԳ񶯣֮ﶼҪΪ֮
֣
һֳֻƽ񴸵ĻƽħԳŭ˵Ϊս˴ȸǿĺܣʱʩչҲʼʩչֱͨҪڵǿǵݽһնɱ
𡭡ˡ


2095 ֵǡѾģ
սһǿѪڣ磬սŭһ޴Ļʼγɡ
սѸٵʩչ


սһǿǣĿս˿ĲƽħԳһǿǡ
ġɫӰ˸ĺ
ߣ
ʱѾȥƿصľˣ˵ʧˣȫʧˣΪһ࣬һؼ;ѧޱȹҶ졣
ĿȴѾﵽˣǶսħλ군ˣǾҲ൱ѵģزصĴ߾군ˣ˵һ¡
ߣߣ
ƽħԳĺǿǶսħʱ򣬸Ƿ˼¡
ֵǡ

꣬˵һƽħԳһˣڣ㣡
ϵıŷʼȥ
𣿡Ҷ쳤վǳڴ֮дһ˿˿Ц⣬ĿһǿߵĿ񱼣˵
ЦݺܵǿȴһħһĿºͿֲ
ɱ
һڵǿ̲סŭϿʼʧˡ
ڻƽħԳһǿ߳ˣȫռƣǻϽߵĻƱػ᳹׵군ġ
֮ì
һâ˸Ҷ磬ųһ⾳Ѹٵƿն
顱һǿ˲䱻˵˵ϣȫıˡ
͡
ɣҶĿһǿߣϴ˿˿ɱ
һССĲ༶ǿߣҶڸ϶Է
ƽâ˸һС
ƽչƽʥ¶ݻķ
ಡ
һƽɫǿµ߶£ѸٵļâһеĺۼѸٵĿʼɡ
顱
һǿߵֱӵѳΪ⣬ƽʥٶȺ˿Ĳٴε˵ŻֹͣԼٶȺ
ֳֻƽ񴸵ħԳӶ£һѵĺۼѵĲ̤һ㡣
ǣ
飡
ƽ񴸣£һӡһ㣬ĽʮǿߵѹΪ⽴
͡һ˳Ӱĳ֣ɱ¾һǿߡ
ʱһȺڵǿߣѾΪ׸֮սⶼɢȫͷӬһ㣬ӴսһǻƽħԳһǿߣ޲˾ģҪ䳹׵նɱ˿ûиǴϢĻᡣ
һְԵ̬ڸ
飡
Ҷ콫еĻƽʥɱϣٴεĿ񱩶߬סһ˵ĲӣݺݵؽŤϣ·һһ󲽳ǰĳڵǿǳ
㡭
ڵǿŭ޷ƵıҶΪֱƣڳԹƣڰ
ɱҶ죬ȥɣ
һ೤Ѹٵıһֳֽ䵶ǿߣԷǳĵ⣬һ޵һ㡣
ҶƺݺݵĥһĳһǿĴ¡
꣡
֮ϴһѵľ졣
֮ٶ
ӡ죡
һֻ֣بŵ³֮һ㣬һֺֻȻıݺݵĴȥ
飡䵶;ֺݺݵײһ˲Ļķѵ״̬˸ѵĽ䵶ĶΧһǿߵ
ಡ
еһʬ屻Ҷ˲Ļǿߵ塣

עʬ岻һ˲ʱĽԷĴˡ
Լ˵ʬ飬Ǻεȱ飬һʱ䣬ҶΪڵĳٴε
ĳҶȴ˿Ĳ壬ݻս⣬ԡӡѸٵʩչӴ֮ǿٴһΣʩչһ⾳ͻһ㣬֮޲ǲ֫⡣
Ҷ޼һȺαڵǣȻ֣еʬ壬ʱƻ޷ֳԷԭݣǰ׹ɭȻѪģ󲿷ֵѪⶼѾ׵ɢˡ
͡һƷ֡
ﵽ۷壬˲ƿ˷Ҷ죬в֪ʱһâ
һ޴ĶϵĻӰӰ·Ҫһ㡣
׻У
Ҷһۿ˶Էе
׻УڵһŴɱǳͽڵӵΪɱ¾̫࣬Ȼ޷մȾԹֱӵѵˡ
ʣµһȴеľ̲ޱߵԹ֮ʩչޱȣ޴
һ޴İ׻ʼֹҶɱȥ
顱
еʬ𣬻һۼĻһͻӰ
һ˲䣬ǺȴȻ
ߡһ߳֡
˲һӰ˸
һһֳɫħĻƽħԳ峯һİ׻гȥ޴ĹӰ˲Ĵķ
顭
ǿ˲ʱѵһ޴ĵҶǳû֣һ⾳ӳֵ˼¡
ޣ
ֵǿߣǷɫ䣬ʱҶȴѾ˳
񡪡࣡
䡭
ǧٱļӳ֣˲ںһ𣬵涼ѱֱӵѹס
֮Բ׵ķΧ֮У·ըƽһ㣬촷ۡ
顱
ȭӡݺݵػ˶Էš
ۡ
ɫѪϾȷʵǷΪѪ
ɣеĵطѵ̬
ðԵһȭҶ졭㲻
޵ϴųԾɫҶ壬û뵽һﾹȻ˵ǿ
ޣһ𼶵ǿߣȹμԪ٣ΪȻǿ󣬵ȴҲԶ
ܹõǿߵĳޣǻƽħԳĳޣҶ԰ˡ
ңлĳ֣
Ҷм˵
ôģһƽħԳһ˶ҶֵǡѾģ
ŭ֮ݶ
޵ϴĻߣеɫǿħһ㣬Ʋɵ
ɱ
Ⱥڵļˣ
꣬ӽн𻢣㵹ǹ
֮дޱߵ·Ҫ񷶼ֱӵһ㡣
սһˣһ֣
ҹսʵ˫Ŀ˿˿âų㲡Ҫԭ򣬷ĺ
ɣ

֮ɷɱ
ںһ𣬾εǿ󣬵ȴҲܵģɫһĲҰףžŵɫ
һȺޣһȺһȺħ
䡱һסȥ·һȭİֱۣһشһ
սսս
սһǿǱ˼£ŭ۷塣
ƽħԳһ˼ޣɱӿ޵еĵز
壬Ǹ֮߰ǿ֮ʱڳ׵ļŭˣǵŭƺȴϻá
ͷҲմ֣
ħ¶˿˿Цһӵת
顱
Ҷƿؿռ䷨ݻʮһȭޱߵǳ
ۡ
顱

·ΪһɳһصĻʵ˿ԵеùսһҹսʺͻƽħԳһĽ޵ǿߣһҪֱ˿˿סĳ֣һǿΪȴֻܹ򡭡


2096 ҶĴƣ
顱һӡѵ˷һֱֻۡ
ԴҪŵ
Ϊ𻢵ĻƽħԳķ޴İγɣâ˸ֱӵĽȥ
ꡭ
ķĲҽһһ˲䣬ԴŤɫѪڷţһޡ
һϾĹ⻪ʼ
һ˲䣬һԴٴεĳ֣֮У⻪ϵıŷϵһоȻٵĻָԭ
ǿڵֶιȻ
ɱҵģ޷ѹңҿ
ͼٴεķϴ޷ڸǵĵ֮ɫ
Ǿ
Ҷϴŷɫ
ڵﵽһ¡
طһĻӲſԳ׵Ľնɱ
ȸͻȻĿڽе
֮У˸˾˵ĺ⡣
ȸ𣿣
ϴž㵵ɫǺܿȴһ֮תĺâһֶôֲĺ⣬һ㣬·ǸŮĹâ
⶷սħΪֵһɱ֮󣬴ȸѾǳ׵ʧˣޱȵʧڵķˣԼ֮Ҳһһ㣬Ȼĵʹá
ӵķŭڣǾȻ˵˶սħҲǴһ̿ʼȸķ֣ռԼ˵Ļ쵰Լеĵλ
еŮˣֲ
ǧҪŮˣ
ҶаԵĸ̾漴Զ˼֮󣬼ղĵ˵ͷ˿˿ĺ⣬ŷ˹ȥ
ǸңڵĶӵŵǵҶңǾˣǲŹǵģ
ࡢءе
ȸҶ˵ĶߣĶȴʡ
ɱ
ǿĳ֣Ⱥ壬ͻݻĳ֮ŭ֡

䡱Ĳҽʼ֡
ʱĻУѪģͷųȴֻͷŵ֮У޷ڴš
ͺһ˶Ƥһ㣬ƴĹˮȴҲ޷װȥ

ӷﴫݳü֮Уһâһɫӡǡ
ɵģֶΣҪˣ
ȸ֮дһ˿ȻҲǽŵĺܡ
ž
ҶƻӶһ޴Ӱչ֡
һƬĹȰӰź嫵Ϣ
֮
۵ֶΣ
Ȼһţ˲ʧˣǿϢȴеΪ֮һľȡ
Ƕоһִδйǿ̬ٲȻҪһг׵һ㣬ֲ֮޷ڸǡ
̫ˣ
ʲô
ǿ̲סİ˼һ˲ȴû⣬Ľɫƿ֮뵽˵һ˲䣬Ҳ׵ʧȥ
Ǻöһһ룡
ɢŽâ⻪ǿǷ׷׵
⶷սħɣڵҪٵĲ䣡
Ҷ컺ؿ˵
û
漴ĽѸٵע뵽˶սħڣõ˷Ĳ䣬սħϵ˺۳׵ĻָˣҲľۼţȻѾ˲Сİȴûѹ⿴Ĵȸһľ֣æҶ쿴ȥ
һŮ˵ĸı䣬ޱȿµ顣
һڴȸϵõڹͣԷʱ⶷սħԽϧһ˿ı仯̲סĿʼġ
ȰʣµĻ˵
ЩڵĲ࣬޵ɱٴεı䡭
սܿĹȥˣʧȥ˷ƿأЩڵǿȺף˲䱻ɱĸɸɾһȻ˵ʧܸգʧҲǲٵģսһʧ
ʧȥ˴ﵽʮսһĴ֮˾٣ʧȥʮ𣬼ֱһʧ
ҹսʵɫԽѿ
ĳһΣڿ϶ǵõϢС뿪Ϣǵõˡ

ĵ˵ͷ磺
鷳ʧȥǵıӻҪǴļһﲻ
ⲻһ£˴ѪһʧȥǣȻ㲻֣֮ȴҲԶλϺʵϴļܶࡣ
֮ǰҲѾǵˣʵǲеĻҪЩ˯еˣ
һսһǿߣؿ˵
ȷʵˣҲôŵģ²ߣһǾѵĻƱػĪĿֻŵģ˵Ҳһ£Ҿ֮ǣҲԪڽǵɿģ
޵ϴһĨɵɫ
Ѿûİ취ˣΨһֶˡ
һεսȫıȴϢ˳ȥһεĴݣ֮һȻ󲨡
֮̽һεʧ̫󣬱չزͣսһͻƽħԳһǲᴫݳϢ
߻ǲٵġ
ʱӴæĹȥˡ
Ҷڶսħ˴֮֮󣬽ԷƳ׵ȶһﻹûѣǼǴȸ
ٴε뵽һ֮֮Ҷε̾Ϣһ
ôˣʲô𣿡
ȸҶ죬æʵ
Ƚϵ鷳һƿȥȻָˣȴ޷ѡҶаԵһЦ漴Ŵȸؿ˵
ΪʲôȻȸ֮дŲͽ
սħһֱǸ֮ڵ֮ȴٵĿ˵ϵĳܴҪָĻ൱ѣ䵥ҵ֮Ҳα겻αġǸô죿ȸԽԽݣֱӵΡ
鷳飬ȵһ㣬ڱ֮Ĳ䣬Ҳ£ϧȴҲ򵥰Ϊʲôÿİ໥Ľϣ϶ΪһӲſԽսħ峹׵ĻָӦǡ֮ɣ
⻰ոյ˵˲Ѿһߺ죬֮кݺݵؿҶ죬·Ҫһҧһ㡣
Ҫ
Ҷ쿪ʼš
ݺݵؿҶ죬ڵĴȸڻؿ˵ǣǣǣҪ˵ʲô
˸Ĺ⻪Ѿ㹻ĽһɱˣκҶƤȽϺ
֮֮ڻŷǺ⶷սħںһУӴ㹻һѹһʵһ¥
ЩȻҶںƣȴҲ
˼ҺǸȸϴʱ糺ɫ糺쵽˼£ΪҶھȶսħҿ϶ǰŮĻᷢ쭵ġ
ǵģȨ㣬ֻṩһȻˣİ취ʱûҵ
ҶЦ˵


2097 
һ취𣿡
ȸ糺֮ɫԽ
ϾҪԼ֮ȶսħ𣬲ɴˣǴȸһֱ֮У顣
ڵķ֮ȫĺͶսħ෴ȴ໥ҲΪʲôһʼͶкøеԭԭ͸һԵģ໥ĽһĻǾĺôҲǺܶġߡ
ȸϣǱ
Ż֮еĶսħţǲֵĻսħƱػӳ˯ȥΪԼܵ˵ġ
Ƕһڵ˵һӶԽӴ飬Ǹ߸ϵڻĺܣֶΣ
㡭ȥ
ȸͻȻںȵ
ҶϱùŹ
ȥ
ȸͻȻĽ߳һüŭ
úúãҳȥ
Ҷ˰˵
ת˲䣬ȴһ˿Цݣ
ӣҲֻܹﵽ㵽̶ֳˣúõܰɣ
ƣ׵ĴƣҶղŻϴĻںǴȸνĹұˣԴȸʵԭԶ쵽⶷սħ״ġ
Ϊ̫żΪ̫ģҲ˴ȸİտʼˡ
߽һĻ໥ںϣȷʵԴлĪĺô˵ģõ˷Ķսħ𣬲֮ͿԻָ߽ϣĺôᷢӵ£ºܿͿԻָ
ǰĶսħ𣬴ȸĶʼ
΢΢һȸڴϵĶսħڵ΢ϵ糺Խ
ܿģȸƺ¶˾һ㣬ֻسŶսħ˹ȥһ̣Ĳֿʼ⿪˶սħϵۡ
̺ǻ˼¡
ϣʱͬǺϼһ㣬˵ĺܡ
һʱ֮ڵ⶷սħϵ·ȫıȥˣޱǿ׳޷ڸǵĻߣȴ޲ôȸһļ٣ĳĳϴ֮Уܿ춷սħƺ˷Ӧһ㣬ĳ￪ʼǿ
ŶһصĴϢĳѾ¶˵Цݣڵĸ㶨ˡ
ȻʱĶսħѾˣĴŵĴϢ֮УͿԿĳѾǶôĵͷ
ȻҶѾԵ¶˾ģ飬ǱҲܹ˵ࡣ
С֪࣬÷ڿǲŮս
һŮˣǾԲǵ飬ΰѾ֤仰α

΢΢̾Ϣһ֮ҶŽԼ˼·
սһͻƽħԳһڣʧˣδǴڵ̬ǵ޼ɵĳ֣ǺȻ൱Σա
Ҷ찵Եжš
һαӲҲΪԷѡսͶսʥڵʱ֣ʱԵѾ˾ԵİգҶ컹Կ϶һ㡣
ӦҲ֪޷ˣҶ쿪ʼ²⣬νľʵҲڵһı
򣬶ԷΪʲô˴ĵĳ嵽սһ֮нŵնɱսһĵӺͻƽħԳһˡ
ƻģλڿ൱ΣասͶսʥߵʵҶ൱ŷģǹ׶㰵ѷҪһ壬ݺһĻҲܴá
ߵʵԵ˵ģΣȴǿ϶ģҵǣĻһƱػɸʧ
ҶаԵ˼š
ž
˼֮еҶ죬͵ĸоһϢƣһ⻺ĦҶ壬Ĵĺܡ
ҵСˡʲôأ
֮д˿˿аݳ
ǿȻ֮㹻κεһΪ֮Ķͷ
ֵ΢ʱҶУǽУҶ첻ǿҵĳ嶯
תȥֻѩƵĿǻĹâϵ˸š
۵ĺɫ˵촽ţ¶һɹĳ
С椡ջ𣿡
Ҷ쿴ǰѩ˫Ŀ̲סĴһ˿档
˵أ΢΢һ漴ҶĶ˵ȵϢشҶĶţһǿҵĴкͳ嶯
ǰ׵ķ߸ߵѩɫ֣˸Ȼȹ⻪
ǰϵĦ壬ǿҵĳУκεһ˶޷ȥֿ˵ġ
Сư
ҶƣѩѩϺݺݵĴһǣϴһĨǿҵĳ嶯һѱסѩĽŷȥ
ʱƺڳ˯֮УĽȴ޷ͨıڸסһʱ䣬Ļ߸ӵļҶеĻ桭

졭
֮ȴִϲõĽ֣һҹĴٴε
ˣҰɣ
ѩȵĿʼ
ߺߣСģøۣ
Ҷ˿Ĳͬ⣬ֱӵٴͦǹǽ֮ƺԽļڵڳʱ֮ҶŴصĺһ۷塣
ĴϢ˼֮Ҷȥϴһ裬û˿˯ⴢռ֮óһ̣صȼ
ţҶȴҲԽƮԽԶĿʼ뵽һεս
ҵʵӦ𼶵ǿѾˣǶȹһμԪٵǿҲҵĶ֣ȼģȴҲûһս֮Ǵ򲻹ҲûģǲжȹμԪٵǿߣĻҲẦ¡
Ҷ찵ԵжԼڵʵ
ƾųһ⾳Ҷõĺôʵ̫ˡ
ٶȺϵ໥ϣֱΪҶһ㣬е
ǿʵЩˣһʱ̫ˣȻڵЩһǿߣȻ֡Ҷ΢΢һ漴һɫʼɡ
һ޾ҫƵǷݻɵģŶԷһļ;
ôʱ䣬Ҳֻ˺Сһֶѡ
ʮ֮һĳ̶Ȱˡ
Ҷ˼ͻȻҶü΢΢һʱһҶ֮У
򣿣
˲ҶעȤ


2098 ޴أϷ
һμϢܴ󣬵ǵȴ㹻ҶȤˡ
򡭡طƺΪǿ͸߼
ڵ֮УôӴ꣬Ҷ춼ûпڷļأĴһϱԿǼ򵥵Ĵڣֻи߲ſ֪
һεĴսӣ˲٣ȴûһ֪ģĳԣ
ҶаԵ˼š
漴Ŀʼ̽һμ䡣
ļ൱ӴҶѰ˺ܾڵ֮ҵһ˿ء
һӡǣϵӡǣһƵʶţƵƺĳַȥһַҶޱǿ㹻Ŀ̽һ㡣
͡
â˸ҶѸٵĽ뵽һμ䳤֮С
һޱļ䳤ӣҶ뵽еʱ򣬾Ȼ֣Է·ޱ޼һ㣬ͷ
뵽ǿļ䳤֮УҶһ˵룬ǸҶĸоȴ൱ĲһϾô꣬ҶȻļޱȵ˽⣬ļ쳣ȴҶΪŹֵһ
䣬ֻһμ䣬һ壬һδڵʷȴԵĲǻļȴǻһ㣬ҶһϢ
֮УͱȫѵˣȻɫӡǵı廹ţеƿȴԵѵˣĲڻŵĿܣָоȴΪʲôôǿңҶаԵ˼š
˼֮У̽Ҳû˷ȥӿǰٶȡ
͡˸֮УҶ껮һĳ磬Ѹٵĳǰ濪ʼǰ
Ȼ֮䣬һϵӡǳǰ
һɢŽɫ⻪Żӡǣӡһʥ粻ַһ̫һǿվڶԷǰͷ·ǸоԼ˶һִϾ֮һоԼȫ
ָоǿҵ˼£Ҷ춼޷ȥֿס
֮سɷ𣡡
ǰһٴұɳɾ
ƺƵĴ˳ͬҶ˫Ŀһ˿ҡ
Ǻܿ죬Ҷɫȴޱһŭ;ʼĳ֡
ŭΪ֮дŵһֹƻϢѾˣǣεȵǿ־εȵĿֲһμ֮УȻԲǿĲεĲΪ֮
ҵ˿ɺҵ־ɻ𣡡
ҶȻ˫ĿʥӤǷŭһħŭһС
¡¡
ǹƻ˲ĿʼʧˣȴĴϢⲻƣ̫ľˡ
Ϊ־㹻ǿ󣬿ԺأʥӤǿ꣬κεһˣ¶û취ȥֿסġ
ҵ־˭ɸģʥˣҲܣοһμ䳤ӣ
һŻҶ쳤Хһ

ŻͬǷŭһ㣬ȴ޿κΡ
־ѹһУ
Ӱƿıģ֮ػҶ꣬ǰٵǰ
ϵ֮ݻһĳӣΧļ䳤ƺǸоǵĴһ㣬ȻߣͼҶѵȴڽӴӰ֮Ѹٵıҫͬ
ǰһŻһɫŻһζεʥڼӳ֣ģһdӡǵϡ
ȥĺȴֹĺܣ
ӦþǷĿ֮أ
ҶаԵ˼ţ漴Ӱ˸ѸٵĳŶԷʩչһ֮
ǷһַӡҲоһƵʣҶ⣬ƵӦ㹻Ĵ
䡱
ɫâ£ѸٵסҶ꣬仯ҶҲû뵽ΧӰû˿ı֣Ҷ쵹Ҳ˲١
һμ䣬ȴһ㣬мӳֵжôĿֲԵĻģĳ֣¾Ҷûа취ȥֿ
Ҷ찵Եľѡ
ǡdӡĽɫŻһѸٵĿʼչǿĹ⻪Ҳһͨһ㣬ѸٵһɾҵҶѸٵߡ
ಡ
ֻת˲ѣȴҲѾҶľһΧһеһг׵ʧˣµֻ޾Ĺâ˸
ӰԼǰ߹ȴ޷еݣָоǷϵĻ˲͵ѣȥ꣬Ҷ춼оЩ޷ƿˡ
䡱
ڵģһ϶ҶֻǸоԼǰݺݵһ˲һеʧˡ
¡¡
һɺ嫵Ԫһ٣ٴǽɫĳһ㣬š
һĪϢһִ˼µ
ޱţȻֻһμ䣬ҶȴоޱȵʵԪϢͲԵøʵ
κΣֻһμ䣬εʵȴҲ޷ȥɵ
ʲôطѵνķ򣿡
ڳһɫ׻ȸչᣬ¹⻪ڲϵɡ
ֱ֣һ񻰰֮С
žŴǴ˵֮еĴ󣬴˵ؼһд֮ⴿ֮ϵĺôһĶߵĻƱؿΪһµľ֮С
УžŴʩչĲϾȻǾžŰʮһݻģۡסβÿһֶǻŵľžŰʮһ
ֱۣ֮ж޷ҵġ
ʲô
һööεľʯţȻγһ޴󷨣󷨹϶£Ҷ֪κεһֹ
ÿһöξʯȻҶ쿴൱СʵȴԶľ룬ÿһöһĴС
ǺεǿֱʣҪ찡
ݳް
Ҷ̲סĽһĽʺ޵ȴвϵݻţŰ˲ͼҲһ磬ȴȻûǿֶΡ
ķţҶ֮ۻض죬Ҷ쾪ȵķ֣Щεľʯʵػ磬˵ǵ֧硣
Ӵ֮Ӵķ޲һֹƻϢ
һμѣҶȴԸоƻ־ᶨǿߣһѰĲ𶼵ñƻ˲仯ΪĿܡ
µĴֱʣ򵽵ʲôͷ


2099 ͻ䣡
̫ˣʵ̫ˣ
Ҷ޷󵽣ĳĻǲǿͳôﵽһô˵ĵزϡ
ڵǶԷ㹻ľʵԾžŴ̬ٶȾ֮еκζ츣ض޷⣬޷ϵϣ
Ҷҧгݵĺ
õطȻˡ
ҺõģʱĻ֣ĻԷҲֻǷԸˡ
뷨Ҷǿ϶
֮еϢ˵Ũ¶ȻĲֵͼÿһǿӦö൱ĿֲͿ¡
ȵȡʲô
Ҷ΢΢һ˳޾ķȥϼɢĽâ£޾ķ
ÿһķһһ㣬ݻ漴γһĽʼ˸ڿն漴ĳξʯȥ
ԽԽߣٶҲԽԽ죬һ˿ĺۼû£ʧ֮С
Ҷȴоһĺ⡣
֮޾֮Щÿһ֮㹻ĳӵеģ
ٴεĿΧĽ壬λѾˡ
֮ϣ޾֮п϶ǿδ֪ߣƿأҲʥ˼Ĵڣ
뵽طҶεĻᵭȻȥޱȵľ
ط˺ƴḶ́Ϊʲô
ǷʵʵǰЩƨ
ҶаԵĿЦš
ʱҶѾԵľȻֻһμ䣬֪һμ֮еʲôʥ˼һĴڣʵȻĲǶԷĶֵģʥˣһ۱һԪв򵽵ĶҶڿȥģһжСĵ㡣
¡¡
һ޴ĹɽİⰧ֮лϲõ漴ĲݻΪһε̬ȻΪﲻϵĵõʹʼݻˡ
ʵ༶Ͻף
ҶһѪѾ̫۸ˣԼƴۻôõʱˣѾֻǳݻΪΣǾȻϵĲ༶ϽʵⲻҪ컹ʲô
ҶȴˣʵȻҲǲ༶Ͻ׵ľ磬ȴ޷ڸǵǿսǿԺͶȹμԪٲа壬Ƿ𶼱񱩵Ļ˶Ρ
ڵĳˡ
һͻȻĴ˳
һԴĺУԷӿȥʮĵزһ˫Ŀ˸ͬһ㣬һۿȥΪ֮ľѡ
˵۾ۣ۶Ҫֲһ۶оԼ˷·Ǳһסһ㣬ǿҵѹ޲õһԼˡ
Էĳֱۣ˫ŲЬӣ㲻մĳݻεĴɽȥ
Ҷ΢΢һ漴ȥ
ҿһμ䳤ӣ˵ΧݻĶõģ֮޲챦ǻðҶ̼
ĬĬšľĺС壬Ҷ컹ǰԵһץĳ嶯
үⶼϵ̸̫ʥˮˮݡЩЩϵıﾹȻӲݣүҪҪô۸˰ܿҶȴԼעŵǺеϡ
ԷֱϵƣͷŽ֮ϵĹ⻪˸һƲϵţüһӡǡ
ϵӡǣĿ£̬ҲҶ뵽һˡ

һһ⽵ޱأҲ޷
ǶԷϣϵʵľĺܡ
һȻ˫ĿɲĺܣȻҲƺǿԿȴ·Ǳһ㱡İڸסһ㣬޷Ķ쵽Ҳ⽵ļء
⽵Ƿ𶼲֪Էݣһǿ󰡡
̡
һݳ
ʱһӰֻ֣ǹϵɽȻΪһŮӣŮӵĽʱԹĳڿ֮УƺΪɽԵʣԴɫȴһֱУԷ֮дź֮ɫ

ǺеĽŲѸٵ̤㣬ĳ嵽ŮӵߣĲϵ趯Ȼĳ֡
䡱
Ůӵϴ޷ڸǵľ֮ɫȻû뵽ԼոյĻΣȻͱ˸ˡ
һϵϣ£꣬ÿ궼ᱻǿķ̲Ȼǵɽ֮УǾǰҷɣ
дĽе
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ŮȻǾˣոյĻΣεܹ֪е˵Щʲôһ֮Уȴ͵ķֿȣűһĽɫĹ⻪˸ŮӵĽѸٵĲźвϵͦʱһɺ嫵ʼ
ֻת˲ѣŮӱֱӵıɳΪޣһٵıȥ
ȻǷҲ˶ãǿĸоȴѾεذյˣʵ̫ˣֻΧڲžŴϵľצݻģеӵĳ氡
˿ûԼĳĳϴ˷֮ɫĽе
ܺáΪȻôز㲻ҵĵӣ
һ͵ĺĳԷĻҲҶ˽⵽Լжȷġ

ˣȻ˵뵽ŮİҶ̲סĳһ
նɱҲͰˣȴ鵱˲ɲһ޷ڸǵĶˡ
ʦ̵ĺãӴ֮УĻȻĲôõЧġ
¶˸мɫ˵
ϴ˿˿Ĵȱ֮ɫݿݡ䣬һ˫ĿŽթ֮ɫдȱսթںһ˿˶öġ
һҲڰ
Ҷ˫ĿٴεһֻеߣһĽ֮ɫļһվ
Ƿ𻹻˭
ҲҪͰܿľͿˣ
ϴŹ֮ɫ˵ϵĳ֮ɫȴ൱
лʦֵָ㣡
ɫЩѿ˵
Ĵϲ𣬾Ȼ˵ҵĴڣһȻҶյˡ
ͽߵʦȻΪϲļһ˵˭
Ҷ̲סһʼ˼ϲҶļ֮ûжٵļ䣬ڷ֮ҲٵĿ
ߡʲôˣ
ͻȻϲŭһΧһ˲ѵĲһ㣬ʼı漴Ĺѣâıͬڷ趯һ㡣
áˣ


2100 Ļ꣡
Ҷɫڶ߻صţڷļ֮УΪʲôԷԿԼ
ʷ޵Ĺȥκε˶޷ȥĵģԷεĸĵģ
ⲻܣ
Ҷзĺ
䡱Χһг׵ļžһеƺǶһ㣬ֻһɫĴֺ֮ƺƵĳҶɱһֻ֮ݻޱȣ죬ȻŰ֮ȴӴŽâһǿиֿ֮񱩵ĸо㹻ĶһƬˡ
ǿĺۼʼɣ
ãϼһʵǿ󣡡
Ҷɫʱһ䣬ݻ˲Ŀʼʩչͨ
ô£ûԪ
ҶɫʱڱޱȾǷļ䳤ӣԼ޷õֺʩչʩչĻӵû˿ԡ
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һԵĽļıˣĻ䳤еһҲ仯ΪޣǷͽߵӰ֣ȴûϢ
ÿµ֮һﾹȻԸıһ˵ʷǸıʱ
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ۿһ޴Ĵ֮־ҪҶ׵ĸ˺ѵˣҶȻһ󷢺ݣҪһꡣ
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ʥӤһŭĺƺݺݵĴȥ
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֮еļ䳤ӣƿ֮£Լĵ̡
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ʥӤһѭԭ򣬶ʱŭ֮µʩչͨһɺ嫵ʼעҶ֮С
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Ҷϣһ˸漴˼£ټ׵ɢһХ˫ĴȥǺƺƵȭӡɵһӡ
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ϲɫһ䣬ҶʩչؼǷؼҶ쾹ȻʩչұԷӵĿ£ȫ˴ϲ
Ǹղûüȥ鿴ҶݣȫʧߵΪ
ϵķıļ䣬ΪʲôԷȴɿʩչȫĲܵ飡
䡱
޴ӡݺݵײһƷһе谭˲Ŀʼ񱩵ı
һ̣һ㡣
СҪϲɫ൱ѿԭ䣬ʱøͬһһŭ𣺡ҵӵֶԸңֻҪץ㣬һὫߵһŮ˶ܵͽ䣬ҪǵľԪ
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Ҷ˫Ŀ΢΢ɺ΢΢һ˸ͷţﺮ˵ǾͿûˡ
ϲɫԽԽѿһ˫Ŀͫһ㣬ŷĹ⻪˸ݺݵͷţһķʼɣӰչֳ
ӰҪĳҶϮɱ˹ȥ
һøֶΣҪʩչԼؼ𣿡Ҷһʱ²⵽һĿġ
ҶȴȻĲöԷ֪ԼֶεģһΣڷ֮У⻹ֻΧ֪ڲвǿߺֶεжôĿֲһԷ֪Լһоͳ׵군ˡ
սҲûа취֤ԼϲʵҶʱ֪ȴҲԿ϶ս˿ĲһҪԸԼĻսһǿ߼Էɱģҿڼ䳤֮УԷʵܵѹơ
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ϲԽϾ˫ֺʮһ޴ķֿʼֳҶİΧ˹ȥ
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͵ĻһӰҶ죬ͻȻоԼΧ޲ѹ·ǿʼγ˸һ㣬ÿһָ֧أҶ춼ûа취ȥֿס
ϵĻ꣬䳹׵ĸıȴû뵽ϾȻһɺ嫵겨谭ңˣԲģ㿴˷㿴Լÿ飬Ǿ͵
س֣⻰ȴҲҶ찵Եķ˲٣ȻޱҪȴù⣬ĻԷҲѡʱҲնɱԼ
ĻķʽҪķѵǲСġ
ҿ㵽˭ֺʮ˲ĽҶļѹ
ѹ̫ǿˣҶ궼ž죬ʱѾ׼ֻҪһ˲֮ʱ̣ͷ꣬ԱȻԼȻʧȥһ꣬ȴöԷץסĺá
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ҶҪʩչԱԼ꣬һֻû˵һɺ嫵ȴʱˡ
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ǡ
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Ȼһ֮ĴڣʱʱΰڰķģǵõҵʵͻͽһǧǳɳΪӿɲĴҲǿܵģһôϲϴžϲ֮ɫ뷨ȴҲֻһţѸٵƻӶȻһɱղǿ˳ǧ򱶵ʼʩչ˳
һҪ𣿡
оɺ嫵ܣҶͷƤڷ顣
ķģҶڹʥеõģȻ֪Էǿ󣬵ȴҲ֪Էʲôá
䡱ķѸٵתݺݵسϲѹȥ
һķǵصѹƴ·ϵһ㣬һĹâ
Ϊʲô˵ǿ󣿡ϲȻĴݳǷֻڶԷѹһ£ȴû뵽Ȼôľ޴һֱӱһĴڡ
ҲģİϷľǰǿǴ˵е԰ϵĴݳ
һ̣ȴεɢΪޡ
һΣһʧ˴ˣΪ˵ֿϵģʩչѾ㹻һˣһܵ˲Сش


2101 

Χһг׵ĻָԭҶ̲סĳһղŵʵ̫ˡ
֮ϵһĳӣҶ¶һĨ֮ɫ
һĿҲǲ򵥰ϾȻֱɱǴϲĴڣȻһʩչƲ˳ɣȴҲ㹻ǿˣ
Ҷ˵һ£ϴһɱԺĵ·൱ɵģǶڷ˵еĺô
΢΢һ֮УҶѸٵĴתʧ
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ŭһʥĿռ֮ͷ˳һɫĴ֮ϵķӺӰγһʥϢǿֲǴ֮ͷųġ
ֻм䣬һʥӰŭţķӡǣÿһһöǳһ㣬ɱ֮ޱȵ
ϵĴ𣬴ļԪ֮УȻʱˣǷڵˣŷ֮ȻĲܹʩչģһһǷڵģ˭Ҫҵ㣬նɱԼͬţҲҪõģȻܹ֮УҪڷļ䣬Ǿ˵ǷģʲôԪҶҪҵ㡭
ݶһ죡
һеĳ֣Ҷǲ֪ģ˲ĻصԼ֮УŸоһǿҵƣ֮пʼɡ
ƣĸоꡣ
ʱʥӤϴƣɫȻעҶ֮Ҳķ˲١
ģҪ೤ʱſĻָҶ¶һĨεɫ
꣬ⲻ֮ͬеҪĻٶϻ˲ٵģҶӴٻֲõεģҲһżȻ
򣬲򵥣ʵ̫ǿ鲻ܹ⴫һ֪Ļͳ׵군ˣսһκһ˶ûа취ѣϲҲֻǷ֮еһСǾ˵һǿȴԺ򡭡
뵽еĿɲ֮Ҷж̲סһԾ
ǸоĴڣǺʥ˼ǿߵļƻйϵ
ҵڣһ£ڵķ򲻻֣ȴ޷֪ʲôʱ֣
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߽Լķ֮УŮʱڳ˯ϵǲսѾƣĺܡ
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һУҪػ
ǷʥˣҶҪԣ˭ǾҲҪػǣ
Ҷ˫ĿȻһ£Ϊâ񽣰ģ֮ⷿһš
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֮УʱѾˣսһǿ֮⣬ŻƽħԳһǿߡ
ҹսʺǽ໥ĽţüͷƺЩ鷳顣
ҶͶսħĳ֣һ㶣漴Ŀ˶սħһۣȻû뵽⶷սħʵȻô죬һԾﵽ˲༶Ͻ׵ĲΡ
ǴȸϵĴڣľԪ˵˵Ī棬ɵ˷ķ֮ΪȻĻٵġ
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˫Ŀϣâ˸˵һεսǵʧҲǲСģҲֻǵһΣһεʧȻܴ󣬵ǾԵĲˣսһĳв٣Ҳǻһﵹǲ£ؼǶԷıһ˲õϹԷǵһ𣬻֮УһʧٵϢݳȥĻƱػһȻ󲨣˵ҵΪؼ飡
Ҷĵ˵ͷ̲ס˵ȷʵˣû˿ͷںͶսʥ뿪൱أǸûа취֪ǵȥʲôط⻰ص㣬սǶսʥ뿪ʱûнԼĿĵ˵ƺҲԤĽһ㣬ȥѰҵĻҲ൱ѵġ
˵Ҫҵһˡ
д֮֮дݳһ
𡭡ҵˣǾͿ֪ȥʲôط
𣿡ٵﴫ˺ҶͶսħ˸û˵һ
һţ֮Ҳܱȵģ˾ͨݻģ˿ϳֵĻһѰҵһ˿ġ
ҹսʻ˵
Ǿ˳ְɡ
սħæ˵
Ҷ΢΢һЦ
ûôļ򵥰ɡ
ҹսĵ˵ͷ˵ʵȻǰ˴֮һȴҲһȹμԪٵĳǿߣսһͶԷû˿Ľ˵Ҫõ˵İЩѵģԷԸܹ֣ҪְæĻҪóȤĶһ߹ĴԪ̫ˣȤĶʵ̫ˡ
˵ʱҹսʵ̲ס¶һĨεɫ
ҶԴҲһͷʹֹţԸǺ鷳ġ
أ
սħĵʵ
˵ΪңңõְĲҲӲĻƱػɸĦġԸԷȤĶأ
ҶͻȻ¶һĨЦ⣬ؿ˵


2102 ɽѰˣ
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еҵ𣿡ҹսʵϴ˷ܵɫ˵
׵ѵ֮󣬵ҵҲؼʧˣɼһҲǺѵģȥԨ߾֮زпܳһ㡣
еҲޱȿֲģ˿ȥɼġ
ҵ𡭡ܺãպܴ˵һĲ˵ĻǾֻȥǿˣ
໥һ֮ſ϶˵
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֮еһ۵СɽΧһɽɽ׵İΧɽҲ˵
Χɽɽ˵ɽ̬ʵСĿռʮ֮УǺССɽˡ
ⲻʮķΧ֮Уȴû˵ڴ˴
Χһһľұƻһеԭɽ֮һǿߣϵǿ
֮˸ҶսܼվУ֮۲ϵѰܵһУԽϸĲ鿴ҶбԽ𾪡
ҲǶ֮۵Ҷ˵ȴĶ졣
֮ϣһǳܵϵһγһնհĺۼ
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ΧγһϵĴ󣬷·޳̰һ㣬Щǳ֮˲ȥ
Ⱥԣ
ɽĵλú͵ĴҶ찵Եĸ̾Ƶ
ԷȻת󣬽һжںС
һһľ޲̲ӴĲ˵һѾɽ׵ĵһˡ
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ΪѰڵټսħĲ籧Ŵȸء
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ңҴʲôطߣǾʹʲôطߣĻΧصĹ󽫻ᱩǸʱ൱鷳ģǿԽ𶼽Ĺ󣡡
ҶĻʱ㱩ƻļһ˲ջԼʵʵĸҶıѸٵǰС
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ߡôģϼһ
սħҶĻ൱ŷģֻܹεһ
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ϼһﾹȻ֪ǵĿģսħ̲סĿ˵
С㲻Ҫֹӣ֮ǰӾѾ㵽ǵĿˣӦ֪ӵĹصġ

һڿնҶһ㣬ζϣһٴεıȥŤţҶȴֻܹȴûа취ѵ
ҵ𣿣һϲݳ
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䡱
Ǿҵı֣ʱҶȭͷѾһײһ
ŵŵš
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ǵǰѾһˡ
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ƾʲôϢǶԵģ
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2103 թ
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޺ҹսߵɫı仯ֻΪҶĵͼΪԷһϵһԺĳɾ;ԵĿ𺳲ڵġ
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һĲҽݳŽĦȴҶģһ޴ɫߡ
Ҫɵ𣿡ҶһһѸٵĿٳٶ磬Ѹٵƿ
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Ҷ쾹ȻֶοԽԷѵ
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ҶĽ֮֮Ѿϵİ׻࣬ԷҪͼѹԼȫĲܣ
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ռ֮Էʱ֮˵£ڵ˵ȴ㹻ѹƶԷˡ
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޴ķ࿪ʼɣ׻࣬ʱΧ֮ͭ·èһ㣬ϵѹ㹻Է
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Ĳֻһͭȣռ䶼ѾĳˣҶ֣ΧʱһĲ
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ҶоһɲϢǶԷѾѡ˳
޺ҹս߼æĵͷطǿǲĴȥˡ
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2107 ر
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Ϊ֮ޱȵ죡
˵ٶȿٵĺܣ׺ݵĻȴҲ˿Ĳ壬ȻǶʵӵĪš

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ҪҲǲٵģÿһεתҲֻܹԸˡ

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ҹսĿӴ֮Ƕ̲ס¶һḬ̃ɫ

Ҷһٴεĳ޿ȥԷ˫Ŀޱȣһޱȵ˿һԹŮԼǰɦŪһ㡣
ԣԾ
Ȼĳһɺ⡣
ߵʵͶ൱ǿģϵҲֻЩʧѣȻĲʧȥ־ģڵ̬Ȼһ̰ģȫĲ
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ħꣿ
˶Է֮Ҷ̲סĵһæ˿ȥʱ˫ĿѾɫޱȣûһ㡣
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Ҷŭһ֮ȭ˲ӳȥ
ħ޵Ѫ֮һԷϲرϲʳ꣬ԽǿԽϲ
ҶԷѰҵرһѰҵͻڴ˴ԱϢꡣ
Ľ޺ҹս˶ԷĹˣ
䡱֮ȭݻΪһӴȭ⣬Ļйȥ
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һŭ֣ʱһȭжԷ
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Ӵ巢˷ŭĺϵľ޴ǸǳһĻ𻨡


2108 Ϣ
ÿµķһﲻĺᣡ
ҶаԵľȲѣ֮ȭ㹻ĽһдƣпԷ˵ĴڣӲֱ֮󣬱ǿеĵֿһ˿ĸı䶼ûУҲֻǰһ
ҶȻû˿ãȴŭһħ꣬Էһʱһ̫ħɽһ
޴ŭ˲侪ǽ޺ҹսߡ
ȵǳ׵ĻָǵʱȴһȻڳǳ
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ĺ֮д޷ŵĲ
ߵļʶ˲ıԶ쵽Լղʧ̬ԭ
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һɼӳųһ⾳ǿĺܣһУһɽñĴ飬ϵݻΪൽ·һɫĳһ㣬ݺݵȥ
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еĳٴεĻӶֱӵٴθԴĿư
ѪʼʳһʱħǽһưԴҲǣȥҲǡ

ѾһίɫҶ̲סĿЦҹսҲˣ޴ʮ֮Ҳ̲ססˡ
ϾħҲǺ֮޵ѪȻһħ֣ǱȴҲֻȥЩ̰ļһ
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ڽ뵽˵֮Ժ󣬷ȴǸ첲ֲȣһֻܹ֮ȵĴĸԸȥѹһŴأʩչͨһƬ֮еݻޱȳ㡣
Ҷ΢΢һٴε̳һѣһοǹݵģȻﵽħ꿴ĶڵѪһҶȴûиԼĵ뵽Ű˲ͼ֮С
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㹻ĸԴԴϵĺܣȻϲ꣬ΪҪġ
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ҶߵٶȺܿ죬Ѿ˺ܳʱˣֻΪڵȫ⣬ڵѪ⡣
ʮͼָ㣬Ҷǵ·;ʼƽ̹˺ܶ࣬һ·谭ҲǺ١
ｫʮħˡ֮ʮħֲĴڽ֣ΣҲܶģ
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˸ٵıȥݻӰѸٵ£һʧԭ
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͡
ü֮У۵ӡԽϵ˸ţҶ̲סһȡ
۵ӡǺٵĳ֣ҴûԶĳֹһȴһδεĳ֣ҲԽĸоһ˿졣
ѵ˵ŵĴڣ
뵽֮Ҷ̲סĳһĿϲ
ǵŵĴڣǶ˵ԵĿѹ
Ԩ;ĵĽأҶҲֻŰ˲ѣǴﵽʮ֮󣬾ͿԹͨеĴԪռ䣬ʱеĵΧԱѹĺԨҲ⣡


2109 ꣡
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һֱɫצħƣƺ޵צһ㣬ȥݵĺܣħȴĶѻһ
һֻצٶȿĺܣĺܣһһֺ嫵ϢӿɫĸϢǿԶΧĿռ䡣

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Ǿʱȴˣֻһֻݵצͬĭһ㣬ҹսʵӡ֮Ѹٵɢ漴ʧ֮Уޱȵʮ֮ĵطٴεĻ

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һĺڰӰǵϷ·ûһ㣬ȫĳֳһֽ̬ģƮƮվƯţŲմ
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ԣ޵ĴֻӶͬһһ㣬׵Ŀռ䶼Ѹٵıǿеγһڰɫľʯһ

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һҶƵʥеһʥһ㡣
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ŭʱ񱩵ĳ֣һʥķ˸ΪϵķģϲԵ־һ£٣ǵصĳȥ֮һĺڰϢ޲ѵݻΪޡ
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ǿĺۼʼЩɫӰҲ漴ɢˣǺܿľȻٴεľۼֻǱԭŨ;ģȽȴ̫ࡣ
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ŵ֮ŵĿʱЩе޲ʼǵѪ۾֮гһ˿ǡ
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2110 
ʵ̫ǿˣҹսʺͽߵʵԪΪĸǿߣȴҲȻû뵽ҶƾȻ˵ĿֲһִҶĿڣ㹻Ľѹһ㡣
СϡŶٵܣ
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٣Ϸ١ֻضꡪ
ƿصͳڰߴڣҶ۵ݣٳʮ
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һ̣һ㣬Ĺеĵǿߣ޲ɴԼ˫Ŀ
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ʱҶռһϵĵӡǣܿͿƿһ˿ֻصˡ
ܺáǶָԼļ䣬ܿǵµĳ֮ϣľ֮Уٴεĳֳǵ
Ҷĵ֮ӴŸ߰ţĲһһ㣬֮ŭ



еǿŭǵ˲񷣬һݻǿǿ񷶼ʼһֶصźڵźϴڵġ
Ҷĵ˵ͷһٴεõѾﵽʮĵزѾʼڵ֮еǿٻܴһˡ
ĵѣܴһǿȻʧȴҲһֵĵѾĵܵϵһȻ˳˯ӣڵҶԽٻ
Щ̫ǿߵӡǣڻڳ˯֮Уһٻÿһ𶼻ﵽ󽫼ΪΪĴڡ
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ſĿһݴɣȻǱҶȭⲻ˵ǿеѵ˶Էķ
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Ǹǵֵģ˵ɣһ˶أ
ԷϵĲ𣬴Ǹ߸ϵģҶǿĹǶԷԼô࣬һʱĸоɣ˫ĿԹޱȵĿҶ죬ĺ
С㲻ҪҪʲôϢģʵɣһǳ׵ˣ̫ˣֻǵˣкܶ˳ǳ׵군ˣǻƽħԳһ廹սһ군ˡ
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Ҷֵ˶ԷĲӣֱӵ˵֮УһȫûȤ˽ˡ
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Ҷɫݺݵһ䣬һԭΪĽͷų
ﵽʮ֮ҶѾԽļԪΪκεǣڵΪǲȫʩչһؼֻܹεĿԼʧ


2111 ɱ
ΪһԪǿԵõĻԼٶȿ϶˳˵
Ҷ찵Եĸ̾ѣʱȴҲǰԹʱˣѸٵĳߵļ䣬ʱɫ
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Ҷݲ䣬վﰵ˼ţܿһжʮѾǰ
һ˵ϴ˿˿˸תȻγһְʹԼĿԿһķɺӰת
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ǰŵˣһαڵǰ룬նɱǹ
Է̧Լ˵
룿
ԼۣͬʱҲڸҶ죬Ҫǿɲûк̨ġ
ҵ𣿡
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Ҷһֱشǵ⣬Ҳһ˵̲ס¶һĨɵɫ
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һµơâ⣬ĿԿһĺȻڷתһһ̬
־Ҳֻڵ޼ſʩչӵ޼ˣÿһλϵĴ֮֮Ҳǿˡ
ڿҶɫƵģŵȴҲҴ⡣
ǰˡѾ̽һ˵ټˣԷһ֮УһǵĿľΪ˽Ϣڡڵǿǣ
ԷСĿҶ죬ؿ˵
ܺãĺܺã
Ҷ΢΢һ֮¶˿˿첨
лǰĿ佱ֻǲ֪ǰΪʲôǶһ
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ڿҶһ˿Ļ֮󣬶ʱǿĺ
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Ҷĺ
ѸٵĴܳһݻΪһ޴ķ籩һ˿ٵİΧ
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ϵ쳹һľ޴ֲʼȥ֮޲Է˲
ȻѾԸǹˣǾҪ뵽Ľ֣
Ҷ֮У˿˿ĺ⣬ؿ˵
漴â˸һ˵ɵ˵֮Ժ󣬿ٵǵļ䣬һ㿪ʼ񱼡
Ȼ֪ҹսʺͽ޵ʵҪԼȥӪȣȴҲȥ⡭


2112 һ
Ⱥһﵽ֪ǽ뵽ģ
Ҷ廯磬ɵأٶȺƾ˵ĺܣ޼ϵݻȻ֮һ޴忪ʼγɡ
·Ԧһ޴壬漴Ĺ⻪Խ貣һ岻ϵݻ˼£̬ڵǿ߿ĻԵĻԾޱȡ
޼֮жǶľѧˣܹµȴ֮٣УЩ˵ĵλҲ޲ϵǿߴڣǿأݻ񷣬ν塣
ҶȴֻǽӴѣȴԴﵽ˵ĵزʵԽĸоǿ֮
ģġȺ׳գȻˣ
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ǵ޲ϵƣ˸νǿĺܣ˫Ŀ΢΢ĿϣնǺӣѲ񷡣
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ŭ֮񣬽Ǻӣ˸ü֮һӵӡǣһֲãϢתϸϸĿȥԸо޾ڷݻš
Էӿȥʮ¶ѣһϢȴԵĲ̲ſɲˣ˸߸ϣһ㡣
ʱڳΧһжʮ˴ŭţš
ʮˣÿһλʵڲ𼶵ĳ̶ϣǱʮҪ˲٣ΪһҲʮģϡ
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ޡߣʲôǿߣǵǰǻǵǱ𣿡ΪЦ˵ֱչ⻨ȹŮ˻У
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裬ޱȵ裬ŮӵԸŵ˶Է˵Լŵʱȴ̲ס¶һĨŭݣûİסŰƣݺݵ˵˼ǣǰٻʲô˶ȥˣ
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һʱʮλǿ޲ɴԼ۾̬Ȼߵ˼µģʱȴ޿κΣԣ޷⽣һԿ
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һҪȹȥǶ൱ѵģһ뵽콣֮УǾʵεͨ죬ȴҲȻ޷ȥѡ
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ݺݵؽ޵Ů˰ס绺³ĺȵñˬһ£
Է̬ûأֱŮӵ̲ס¶һĨı飬ȴӵļе嶯ʱĽ⿪·ݺݵؽԷԴȥ

һԷʱˣضףʼ̶Է
ԶԶԡļԽԽˡ
¶ɫ̲סĽеǺܿģȴ¶һĨĻߣݺݵرס˶ԷԴͦǿٶȶʱ޵ŮӿʼȴԷεƿסûа취ȥѵֻܹʹ
áӣ̫ˡ
̳˴ԼСʱʱ֮󣬶ԷڵĴĽ¶ͷŵı飬滺˲١

ŮӱһȴٴεıԷԴݺݵѹȥûĸܡ
ýβչ̣
Եĺȵ
ʱѾʧȥ˽ģҲʱһâȴ֮Ѹٵĳѹ


2113 һϷ
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ղˬˣʵȻĲĸоиȴеģʱĳȴõĻᡣ
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͡
˵ģҶһ⻪ѸٵĶһ޴ĺۼ񽣣
ϵݻĽ⣬Ϊʵʣ㹻Ķ񷡣
ġˣ
ɵ˵İٻʱϴĪľ֣ȫû뵽Ҷ쾹Ȼô˵˲һ߽ȴѸٵ¶ֱӵ˳
ۡ
ڶԷ޷ŵ֮£ĽѾһͷ­֮ɴ޷ŵɫ

ĲҽҶﴫ˳ӷ·һ
㲻ҵŮˣȻɱǲˡǵģȥɣ
䡱
ϵ۶Χһǳһ㣬Ҷ˺ܳʱΧۼġ
䡱
ǿĻ
Ͻʵ죡
ʼʩչȫ֮Уˣ֮ݺᣬȴڲϵѪղŵҶһѾҶǿĺܣԵֿסģȻΧƣǿѹ˲İѵˡ
Ҫɱ㣬ɱ㣬ΪҵŮ˱𣡡
Ҷɫݳ֪ΪʲôΧĽƺһֱһĴˣȴݵĺԶԶ
ܿģһӴѸٵĳ߳˹
ȥ
ҶĿռѹȥ㵵֮Ѹٵѵ
ڡ̫
֮дԹϢ
һ̣һֻȴѸٵץסǼ񱼵꣬һɺ컺ͷţȴĴ˳
ллˡһϷϵúܺã
ʲô
ͫ׾ҵţٴεĿһɺ죬͵ĳһ˵֣
ǡҶ죡
ɴ۾оΧһӰ֣ڵ֪ˣһԼˣһ߸ڣʱ򣬽һԻڷսġ
úݣǶţҶ޲õĽҧģ
˴˱˴ˡлл
Ҷ˫Ŀһ䣬ƵԴԴϣѵ˶Է꣬ǿٵ˸ʧԭ
˵ģҪڣˣұˣ
ҡСվס
ȻһĹ֮ѾѸٵĳ˳ҶȴһЦѸٵʧԭ˸ȴѾٵ


2114 ڵļƻ
䡱
һвӰѸٵ˸Ƴ𣬴޷ݵĿɲη塣
һ˵ɫ䲻ѣڿѾ֮ϵıǱѿޱȡ
Щ˲ǱˣһȺСŵƿǣĲҽ֮Ѹٵĳȴû뵽ȴһѾʬ塣
ȱʬ壬˺ۺһǿҵƻ㹻˵ǰܵ˺εȿɲ˺
ģǱ콣֪ĻǾˣ
һҧгݵĺ
Ȼޱȵ񣬵һʵȴЩСŵ˿ȥ˵ġ
ô죿ô죿һ콣֪ˣҪ˵ˣǵҲܵǣģ
һ̲ס¶˲͵ӵı飬ﰡ
ղʲôûУ
ͻȻһǿߵ¶һĨԾɫ̲סĽе
ʲô
һʱеǿǵ϶ʼЩ
˵ڰɣ
ǵģڣ
͡
һĿ࣬˴ӵǿѸٵſƣ漴ĳӶȥ
궼׵ѵˣ
飡
仰ոյ£һ˲䣬һâȴѸٵ˸˳ǿǿߵֱ۶ʱķ˻ȥ
ʲôھȻûɢԷֵĺ
Ǻܿģǵȴ¶˾֮ɫ
鷳ˣڵ޼ؼڵǿߣĻȻĲģڵǿֵģԵΪŮˣ
ŵϵһŮʬж˳
ߡڵˣһεĺԵĲܹȥܣߣȥѰ콣ѪֻҪҵ⽣һˣǻжϵģһǵȻҲСȴҲ
ԼĳΪһȺ˵ƿغ죬֮һΧǿȴҲû˿ķʱҪȥ쵼ǣָֺ֧㣡
콣һȻ˵ڵƺƴ󣬵ǿȻһսҪ˳ˡ
ߡ
ҶһⱳʾޱȵĮʵȻĿԸоһȺ£
ȺȻ˵ֻѰĲ𣬵ȴҲ׵Ĳϵ޼޼ڵؼֻڵĸ߲ŵӲſȥѧϰʩչѰ֮ȻûʸǹҧΪڴܹս
һ˿⣬Ҷ¶˿˿ɷ
սһԼˣԼѪأҶ̶ܹԷַԼ
Ӱ˸ϵıţԼҶһ˿ĸоΧĿռƺǱԽĿ
ӦѾǵʮħڲˣĻռȻţطǿҲ
ʮħϾԨ;ڵĺ֮أ֮أҲԨ;ĵǿ϶ǿġ
ôҲеģҶǰҶоΧڷسɱţҶҲоԼڷɿŲ١
ħ˳˵СģǶҶ˵ʲôطӵĿֲΪ֮۵ĴڣҶħν˿Ĳǧëײϵ£ͬһСһ㣬Χħ
֮ھǣΪһ
䡱
Ҷ𲽵ıǿҶȻһѹƣǿѹҶĴ֮е
͡
ϯҶ¶һĨȵɫԽǰϵѹͻԽǿĿֲĿ£
ǿߣҶزͱѹƳΪˣܿҶһǿϢʼӯϢ֮дźڰĲ
۵ϣ
䡱
Χѹ˲Ŀʼĸʧˣݣ·ˮһ㣬ٶϲûмҸӵѸ
طսĻ
Ҷɺ΢΢漴뵽á
ڵ˵Ȼûио˿ѹˣǻǿߣǽ޺ҹսȼʵҲܵСѹƵġ
ʱĻҶԵĿռܴıˡ
͡
ռ֮Ѹٵ˸ղŸ٣Ѹͣת˲ѣѾʧԭ

ҶǰʱͻȻһ΢Ľ˳
תâ˸һ޼ת˼£ǿֲϢ˲䱻˲׽ˣڵʦ֡Ҷ˫Ŀɺ˸漴Ŀķâתһ·ǽһ㣬ת˲˶Էǰ
һˣϵת緱һ˸ţ˸Ĺ⻪ȴѾʼð
ʦ֣
һĵŮӷ˾ϲҶĳ֣ʵļޱȡ
ʱߵһɫס֮еȻڵֿÿһεĵֿȴ޲һֲűĳ֣ڲϵţȻЩɫѸٵǵ
ۣ֮
Ҷ֮˸ţ˿˿ĿֲϢʵľĺܡ
ħ٣Ҷ¶һĨȵɫ
ħ٣Ǿ֮еֲԷƽûжٵɱһŵ֮ȴԷӳϵľԽԽĿɲ
ħȴƶλãֻҪСһ㣬㹻Ӧˡ
˭Ϊʲôŵ޼
ͻȻеһ̲סĽ¶һĨ䱸ɫǽĵŮӵҲ¶һĨɱ⡣
Ȼϳˡ
Ҷ΢΢һȴһӰĽٵϮɱȥ
͡
ԷԴֱӵıնɱȥ
֪̫ˣ
һ𼶵ǿȴ׵նɱò˵ħٵǿ漴˫ĿɺתҶĶû˿ͣЪٴεĻӶһ
Ҫɱң
ŮӵʵҶΪ֮üеĶȴû˿ͣЪȥֱߵļ֮Уʼնɱˡ
͡
ٴεתҶ֮˸ߵٵӵ˵֮С
ƺֻһСǺܿģҶȴ⣬ϵһı仯ȻûΪ˸ղ֮˵ģ֮ٴεת
һʢϢ
һϹľϢ֮ڻͷתš
ľǴľˡ
ҶаԵĸ̾һѾһ⣬ƣٵĽһ֮еľħٹע
ǵļ;ѧƺҲҪ˵ı
Ҷתͷų˿˿â˵
Ǳ룡
Ҷע⣬Ǳ뵽֮УͲǱ׷ѰĶ󣬶ˣڰ㹻вڡ


2115 ҩ
ľȻ˵ЧҶתʮĴľ֮󣬾ȵķ֣ľ֮Ȼһ˿׳̬ҶԽĸо˾ޱȣȻԼڵġת˵Ҫ˲٣Ͼתȥ⾫̶ȴеһƴ
䡱
һ޴ӰҶı
һ۵ӰӴϢϢ˲ı𣬲һ޴ɫӣɫӿʼתԲķΧ֮һеϢȻڱȫİˡ
һľǿԭٶȻҪѸͣ
Ҷ췢ֵôؼѧ֮УΪǿһˣľսãľЧȴ൱ĺãȫĿԳΪһСǿôõʱ䶼ûбǾħٸҲΪԭ
֮Уľĵλһ㣬ǻһЩ༶Ͻ׵ĸ߲ӣΪսУҲǡõĸҿڸݵĻᣬ͵׵ȥ¡
΢΢һʱ֮мһѸٵĲƣɫһ㣬ֲ͸ǽʮĿռ䶼һۼ
ħ٣ľѰҵԷԭ֮һҪȥǿԼʵȴû뵽ǲʵûɣǶǱҶ졣
һΣȴħ٣ҵĵϢȫĿԷһ޷ӡ
аԵ˼һԺҶٵĳһȥľļ֮УڵһһǺĵĵӡ
һΣݺڣ޼¶˳ȴҲܼʹˣĻںͽһ˺ܴܿзֵ˿ģ
ҶĶغܿ죬֮ۺʮͼİ£ѸٵҵҪĴڡ
һˣԼʮ˵ĳ̶ϣżԪΪĲ𣬶ҺǿǿǴﵽԪΪĲ
ˡ
ҶаԵЦֹ
һȺˣƺѰʲôһ㣬вϵͷü֮еĹ⻪˸ͷűϵۣۡ
еâ貣ͷͨ߼ӳæĲֺ
ϽѰңʮħ磬ıģܹҵĲǾͿԵõĪĶ䣬ǵ𶼻Ϊͣ
һǿߴĺԷü֮УһӡǣеһޱŹаϢڲϵ˸ţÿһε˸Ķ쵽ΧϢı仯
𣡡
ҶڶνӴ˵ˡ
ڵ֮УһϵǿߣĪǿܣصĺܣǰ˴𶼸Сڡ
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ǶһҶȴԼһĪĸоԷһѲĽɫ
ʦ֣İɣķԲǶѰ൱棬Ҫ˵бˣһֻϣҲᱻѰģ
һǿϴЦ˵
ž
ҶĽŲĴ˳
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Ҷ֮дŲĲĽ
漴ٵĳ¶ݡ
һſȥͨü֮ԿһֵУôʱˣľΪǴľԵʣԲûܵӣܵҲ٣ȻľҲԽ
Ҷȴ֪ǺöȻ֮вܵӣǱȴҲӲĽɫǶԷһ𼶵ǿߣ㲻ǼԪΪĲ𣬵ȴҲܿ¡
еѪմȾ˲١
ľ
ʦֵ˫Ŀһ˿ɫƺ˼˵֡
ǺܿһĵȴľĽ
ľ˭ģ
˵ĴٴεĶʦ˵
ʦ֣ڵһľʵȻ˵ﵽ˲𼶵ΪսȴҲֻв༶Ͻ׶ѣǻ磬ԷǴľ
ľĸֵĳ֣ȴҲǿ漴¶˲мɫҲûжٵ⡣
һ˿Ļ֮ɫûС
ʦ֣ȻԭҲǻɣ˴ľĸ֮Ҳ¶һ˿⣺ԭǸ༶Ͻ״ܵ
ľȻĳ̶ֳǴСǿ֮ȴΪƵľѧˣľ֮Եûжٵɱ˵ҲˣսȴҲ㲻ʲôûжٵҲľܹ༶Ͻ׵Сԭ
ǿʳ֮УûǿʵͷҲûжٵĲˡ
䡭
Ҫ˵˲䣬ͻȻһɲıȴ˳
ǿֲһϵϣ漴һ޴Ӱһ̣Ӱʼ˸ĴС
ʲôˣ
ٵǿߵ¶˼ɫĽ
ۣ֮ҶСĵļԦۣ֮ѸٵĿˣ֮УһСӰѸٵķš
СȻСȴʥܣϵһ˸ϣǿᵽһ˱֮Уڳ޲ǸоԼϵĽһž졣
ҩ
Ҷһ㶣ʱĳһϲ
ҩ㹻˳Ϊҩڴﵽ˲𼶵Ϊ֮󣬶ڶݵʱ֮УһĪͻơ
һԪ
һԪΪ
بźҩԳֹ
ҪΪ֮ҩ
ҩ
ʦֵɫ䣬¶ޱȿȵĹâ˫Ŀ֮תĺ
ץסҩɴСǧҪ뵽֮УĻҰǵƤ
ǿȻŷ̰ɫʦֵǰȴҴˣϾԷʵҪǿ
ȻҲҪȥմȾΪԼİȫȴȥ¶˿
ಡ
͡һͨ˸һ貹⻪ʼɣݻΪޱߵĺۼⷽԲǧķΧİ
ǿ֮ͨ£Ҫ˵һҩˣһֻϣԱɵĶ쵽ġ
һҩҵΪԿԴﵽ𼶵ĳ̶ϣҿԽ䷢ӳЧһҩֱΪҶģ
Ҷ¶˷ܵɫ
ץסˣ
˷ϲϴ˷ܵɫĽ
žžž
Ҷϵ˸Ĺ⻪
ڡ֣꣬
ü֮УӡͻȻ˸Ҷһǿҵĺۼ漴ҶȴһĲĺ
˭


2116 ħ
˭
ĺܣǼʲôɲĴһ㣬һ̣һӰӣѸٵĳҶһĽֱ壬յʧˡҶһ֣ʵǿɫʦֵɫǱѿޱȡ
Ҫ䱸˲䣬ٴγһӰֱӵĳץסҩĵȥ
꣡
ҶȵĵڵõҶǿ֮Ѿָԭʵص൱ڲ֮һ㣬εĳ֣ȴûǿ˺ƻǣǵӵ˲䱻նϣ漴ҩǿеĶߣת˲ʧˡ
һǽһǽһˣ
ҶյȴҲ˲ǿͷһɵǵҩ֮ʦֵȴҲ˲ıޱȣ֮
Ļ쵰һҪ췴𣿡
͡
䡱
ǿʱڵķӦ˹ĳ׷Ѱ˹ȥ
ҵĦʼγɣת˲ȴѾһ˹ȥ

ʦֵһ㣬ޱߵʮһһȭ
䡱
һȭޱǿǿ˸оԼһμвһ㣬ѵĿռƥľʼһӰʼ¡
˲䣬һӰѸٵѵˡ
쵰ҩأ
ǺɫӰʧ֮ʦֵȴû˿ĵ⣬ԽҪĶȫҩʧӰ١
ѵ˵ǽһ˳ˣ
̲סĽе
һһϵǳ֮ΪҲԣԷ֮еĵλ
һжΪ콣Եʶѡ
һڵҩһΣǵǽˡ
뵽Ҷʧ֮ǰһĺʱʦֵע⣬漴ĺ
͡
һصĿռ֮УҶ֮ۿʼ˸漴Ŀһڵǿǣ¶˿˿⡣
䡱
һٵĲڻָ϶֮пĸоһɺ嫵ڷı
ǿҵϢҶɫ΢΢һ䣬ѸٵĽӵŰ˲ͼ֮С
䡱
ŴﵽŰ˲ͼ֮Ժ󣬶ʱһĿ籩ѹ
ҩҩѾԱԪΪĲˣκ⹥ȴľеһƴûжٵս
ҶаԵЦ
漴ĿɫӰҶ¶һĨЦ⣺лǵĳˡӰ꣬еһڵʦֿĻһᾪޱȣΪһ
ǿĺܣ֮ɲǳصģʦεǿ󣬵ȴҲû½նɱ
۴˿佱ˣܹΪЧǵҡĽе
žžž
һĹ֡
Ȼ΢ҶĶȴǲըһ㣬ʱɫ΢䣬ٵ꣬˸Ȼʧԭ֮С
𡭡

ŭ֣ʱЦ˳
ݵĺԶԲķΧ֮жĲˣ޲оԼһĲ·һֻħҪ֮ͷųһ㣬޾͸㸺޲ʼ
𡭡
ڵǿɫ䣬ŭʩչͨеǿҵĸоѹŭ֣ǿŻָ˹
ɱ֮أ
Ҷٵʩչؼѧռ䷨Ⱦ۷壬˷·һ΢һ㣬޷
͡
һ޴ֲӰͻȻ֣Է޴ʮ׵ĸ߶ȣٶϿĺܣһε̤㣬˲ıﵽʮ֮⡣
һͬľһ㣬һ
ʲô
һڵĵָһӰĽ
͡
⻪˸ɺ첻ϣڿ裬Ǽֻǿһ԰ɫͫԼǰ漴ľʹʼɡ
ãħһħ
ǿŭǴﵽ˼ԪΪĲǣ޲ʼ
ˢˢˢ
Էٴεĳ֣εĳ֣ÿһζһƬѪȷ磬׹ɭȻֱ֮ҪΪ֮Ĵ
𡱵еһпʼÿ֮ӰҲڵıǿ
һǿļһ֮дŰɫĹâһëͬǼһļӲ˸ŽĹâ
һ԰ɫ۾ӵаѪϢתţһɺ嫵аħ֮
ħһħΪѪ裬ֻ֮زŻ֣Сĵ㣡
ڵʦֲǼʶ㷺֮֮¶˿˿;ȣĽ
͡
Ѫ¶һĨԻЦݣһԴһֻ޴ģ֮Уݸͬһ㣬â˸Цݲû˰Ķ٣¶˸ӵӵĲ
ʳﰡû뵽ôʱˣȻʳ
Է﷢̰
ħһССѪ边ȻҲҷҹȥ
ʦֵƻµĺۼ֮У貹⻪˸ٲâٵתÿһƶʼ
֣֮һ
ڰҶ̲סİԸ̾ͬʱҲ¶˾ҪնɱԷ
ܹˣɲǼ򵥵ݣҲڵĸ߲ˣһҲҶɲΪԷҪĿıնɱǹڣ»Ŀġ
˵꣬Ҫõ
䡱
ʦֵΪģԲǧķΧε˲ĿʮݻޱߵȻĴһ֮֡
һޣһľѪȻ˵ǿ󣬲Ҫˣħȭ
ԷİɫȭͷٵĻǧȭȭÿһȭҪһ㣬ռ֮Уȭӡȥ֮޲ƻ˼£һǿ߱ɱȥ˲ĳֺ֮ݺݵɱȥ
䡱
ߵ֯һǴһֻһ㣬еĿռƬıһĿǷһ㡣
һħѪʵһԪΪĲ̶ȣǶԷħȴ㹻ԼĳɵԶԸʦֵ˵ȻĲ·硣

ϣ
ָÿһָһƣ漴ĴǧĿֲۼЩۼһĹγɵģÿһһɽһ㣬㹻Ľһж
ҡ
춯صʱĽѪҶ˫Ŀ΢΢һʦǿߵĳ֣аԵļ


2117 
ڵֶβ򵥣Ϊڵһ߲ӣһŰǿʵصĶҲ٣ڲǳֵʱҪȴһ£Ҷ찵Եжţ˫Ŀ֮оۼâĵɺ죬ϵ£·ɺɫһ㡣
طԼڻûҵǵʵΪǿģڵҶʵȻҲȴûи߰ΪӲĿסһγֵǿߡ
Ҷţһγںǿ߾ԲǲֻΪնɱԼǣ»Ŀġ
һҲҶɵģһУǽһˣҲǲģһο϶ҲԼĿģֻǲ֪һεĽһ˵ΪʲôֵģݣȻҲûⷽϢ
С
Ѫ֣Χһĺۼ£ֺ͸ƣЩƴŹϵϢ·ǿ͸ʷһ㣬ȥоݣǾЩһγɵȴǰѪΧУûа취ȥѡ

ڵʦִڵĴϢѣȴ¶һĨĺ⣬ޱȵı鿴ŶԷ
ڵ㣬ȥɣ

ָſŶԷȥ漴޴ϵٶȿٵľˣܿѾСħҲĲҽϣһ˺ɣÿһſǵĳ̶ȡ
ССϣǾȻˣˣȫ˵ȵҽնɱɣ
Ѫ¶˷ĻߣҲڴš
ʱˣȻ
ʦֵƿٵĻӶ춼·ҪȥʱѹȻʮֹ
žžž
ѣһеһжʼֱҪħ׵ѹΪѪɡ
ʦ֣ΪغܹԿˣ
ǰ˵ħʦֵĶ֣ղŵҶԸڣֱ
ʦѹħɣ
ڵĵ޲˷ޱȵĽղſǱһˣҵ˷ĻᣬεܹŹȻĿʼļĺܡ
ĵĻʦֵȴҲ¶һĨɫʩչֶҲʼԽǿ
ģϣħ
Ѫ迴޷ˣһ֮УʱһĿ񱩺ۼԷͷųޱߵѹ˫ĿԽĿ
䡭
Ǿ޴ֱӱԷ˲ˣһѪ迪ʼˡ
ۡ
֮ʦֵҲһѪ֮д޷ŵɫؼѧ۷֮Ŵ֮򵽵ǿؼʩչҲҪ˵˿Դˡ

ٴεһŭԭڵڵǣɫʱıɷ׺ҡ
Ƕ£ɷ׵ϷǴžޱȵģ

ѪݺݵغһֱֱֻۣӵĻһ㣬ٵȥһеʮλֱӵɵ֮С
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Ĺ⻪תϵݻţԷƾȻһ·ǴﵽԪΪĳ̶ȣǿԺʦֶԿĳ̶ˣҾħԭͱҪǿĺܣʦҲǶԷĶ֣һԵʣΪԷӰ죬ڶܵ˷ɡ
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аԵĴţѾ¶˲ɫʵȻĿԸоǰһħǿ֮ʱĶԷʵƶڷıš
ħķһԪΪʩչؼģȵһ֮ӵʵΪѰĲӵʧ̫ˣ
Ѫ֮д˿˿ĺ
һԪΪǲ򵥵飬еʧжôĿֲҲû˿󵽣ǾԵ൱µġ
ԽǿõҲԽġ
һÿһλǿǶ֪˽⣡
ˣǸӵĺ£

ŶԷһ֣ƿٵ趯һħʩչ˲һ񷡣


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ѪϢһ޴ԴѸٵĳҶ쿪ʼһָֻǵأĹâ·Ŀ
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ǰҶȻĲȥһǿڣںϵʮ֮ҶѾʵˡ

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2118 Ϊãɱ֮

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Ѫһ漴һ˫Ŀȴͷųһ˿ѪϢǰޣԼĵǾǾ֮ˣеĸڶ࣬ǵ㹻׳˺ѳΪ顣
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һˣȻԽǵĹ飬ҲеʵСȻҽѰɣĻҾͽϳ͵֮أϵħð
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Ҷָһٵʩչ
ʮ㹻ѹһС
ΪƿأΪϵۣҶų󵽵ȨֶξˣžĺԨֻܹȥӲҶȴס
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ҶԺ֮УһζεļѸٵı˳
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Ҷ֮еļһж֮ҵԼҪĶ


2119 а
Ϣת£һϢ֮󣬾ҶǿĶȴҲԵûƿסĺʼü˫Ŀ𣬷˿˿â
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Ҷﻺؿ˵ɫ𽥵ʱƿʼݻҲ֮ʼƽ
һϢڵλʦֵļ֮УҶһʦصĶҲѰĵӣվǱҶõҪĶ
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Ҷһ֮֮ʵǣһȳɾڵǿ̶ȣĴ֮Ҳɴ˳֡
Ǵ֮ĺĺܣʥ˼ǿ߶ҪΪ֮ݵıȴû뵽ȻʵҶԾһѡ
֮ĵļֵҩҪֲҶ˵ӵҿ˲ľΪʶأҵĴ֮ҲԲľ磬ʱ˭Ҳܹң
Ҷ˫ĿϢҪޱȵҪһʧ̬
ҵ֮ģݶԷϢһεĴ֮ƬԭõĴ֮ƬҪʮҩʡȥһҵΪٴεķǣ
аԵ˼֮ҶѾԵ⣬Щ˵ҶҪѰҴ֮ģųǵơ
Ǵ֮ЧҶһ֮ģͶԷһĸӦ˵˵ҪȥѰŴ֮ģǱġ
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һɺ˸ʰĿֲ⻪ߵɫı仯ʧĽ㣿


2120 ֣Ϣ
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ǰɫ趯˵ģνһ㣬ȥȴԷݡ
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ҶƻӶٵĳ֣ԷΧն飬ۼ顣
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˼ǣЩ棬̲סʵ
֮ҵӡǣҾͿʱ֪ļƻˣһ˵죬ҲֻӶѣĵ֮ԻѵɲֻΪԵʣʥ˼ǿߣҪסǵ۹ҪŵĳԶһЩԵĲܹΪСº͸ɱ˫ۣǵĿֻһʥˣ
Ҷĺһɱ֮ӿ
ǡл۵ָ㣡
ë϶ϵ߶ʱһ˫Ŀ¶ǿҵĹ⻪ĺ
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һ󼱴ٵ֮дŰԵţ˿ûڸǣݵĺԶ
ѵ˵Ǵ֮ĵƬ
ҶһӰٵ˸Դ˹ȥ
û˱Ҷӵ֮ƬֵǺĻߣڻڵõĻǾԻΪ֮ڲѵġ
˵һҪõ֮ĵƬ


2121 ǿ߶ţ
һΣڵƺǺͽһìܣģոյĽӵϢڵǿˣһο֮а𣡡
ݳĲҶӦˣ֮˸ܿǰһˣһʮ˵ϣǿߵǲ࣬ÿһȴҲڲΪеһǴﵽһԪΪľ硣
𣿽һ˴Ϊ콣Եʣϵĺ֮ìܣΪԼ˭ڵĲ𳬳ǵһҲֻǳһֶѣȫĻʲô壬ʲô˴𣬶ƨ
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ҶаԵ˼ţǶԷȴٴεס
콣һҪùˣ֪һǵ֮гʲôǿ𣿡
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ĹŴۣȻǻĹŴۣҪˣʮħ֮У˭˵ȥǣ
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ĹŴ𣿺ߡԽԽˣҶ֮д˿˿֮ȴû˿ı顣
˵ΪǷҪǿ󣬱Ƚϵ鷳֮Ѿ˲ֻһλǿߣǵĳҲΪնɱǹˡ
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һƬǿΧѵƣЩѵƿȥѾ಻ȴſµɱ֮ǿһ۶ĲеΣպƻ
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ǿƻҶ⣬ȴҲòȥӦΪоЩǿŴ֮ĵϢ

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Ҷ֮ۿٵ˸һâһռ䣬ٵĿеء
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Ԩħⲽأճ̶ʵĿɼһߣ
Ҷһٵĳڲȥûѡ
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ðԵôĿǿĽһҵҪεĽССڸѹȥģ
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2123 ô󡭡
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ˢĹŴ۵ɫȻı仯˫Ŀޱߵɱ֮һ˿Цݣͬһһ㣬ͷųϵƣ

һ֣ȴһ޷ڸǵǿ̬Ҫһг׵ڸȥһ㡣
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һۼӳ֣ü֮䣬һӡԵøӡһ㣬Ŀü֮еƺڲϵĲƣʱŭ̬󣬿Ĳ֮ϣһǳڹעС
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ҶȻһ漴ʩչ߲ŶԷǰ˹ȥ
žž
֣ƶʱĿʼӡһƵĳӣÿһһʱա
Ҷ˫Ŀȴʱպ˫ĿͥŲһ㣬ΧϢڿ֮󣬸Ĳȥ˺һƺݺݵس鵽֮󣬲û˺ۣڷС
һǿҵĳӯɡ
ָоԷҶ˵ͷ·Ѫһ㣬֮תʼԽԽѸͣΧƻ۵ٶҲԽԽˡ
ˢ
ڵģҶֱۻ쿪ڵİ˴֮Ƭ档
䡱
һɺ嫵ѸٵĳӯҶ֮УǿҵĸоҶǸоԼĺʼüž죬ϵ޷ڸǵϢƣķĻ󡢷ࡢӰ
һеһУ·һȫ˳
Ҷޱߵľ޴ʥӤһıðޱȵ˫Ŀ˵ʼͷţƿ£ԲķΧƿ֮С
ʱҲҶ֮С
ˡ
һ֣ԷȻǳģٶϿٵĺܣǿĺܡ
ߺȻϷ
ںڵǿߣеߣģ˭ҶһڵĿ˻ĹŴۺͽ
ϵϢȻ̣Ҷڵ޵׳ţǿԸоǰ޷оĴڣǿֲϢ޷ǿ󲨶ڵҶ˫Ŀʼˡ
ߡ
ҲûҶ죬ֱӵƿٵһٵͷųԼǿʼ֮Ƭʼǿеİᶯ
žžž
ɽĸо·ǿ̫ɽһ㣬ǿҶɫһ̺ݺݵر仯
үġô
ǶԷٶԽԽ죬²Ҫһʱ̾ͻᵽˡ
𡭡
зŭһҶž죬ȻһһǴ֮ĵƬڵĿʼ
ҡ𣡡
ŭҶֻǸоԼ˫һʱǴ֮Ƭڵı
䡱
ѣݽߣǽռһ㣬һǿĻϢٵĿʼɡ


2125 
䡱
ĿռһĲһʼÿ
ҶѾоˣ֮ʮħ֮еƺֻôļ򵥣ԷԪʱϼԪǿģǿ޷󵽵ġ
ԷеҪѹѹΧа֮
֮ıʥ֮Ԩ;֮صĽӵ㣬Ϊʺϴ֮ĵĿζ
Էˣ˭ܹߣ
ҶȴƫƫľǽԷˣһεĴ߿ǲҪʮħǱˡ
ʼڣһԨ֮֮ϯ
ȿȿȡ
ҶĿ˼
֮ԭҪģȴУҪʱ䣬Ļڵʵûһʱûа취ںġ
žžžļӳ֮£ҶѾںڵʵѾͬǴ˼Ѫһĳ߿
ʮӵʱͿԸϵ⻹ΧԪʼߵӰ£ġ
үģҪҪôĳذ
Ҷ챧ŻĴ֮Ƭû߶ٵ·̣оԼ˶Ҫʼۻˡ
ΧĿӰǰǱס뿪Ļں̵ܶʱ֮ھͻᱻںڵ˸ֵģʱ򣬿ƵĻ
ģô죿
ҶаԵĽޱȣ˫ĿŻĴ֮ģǽһư
ϵԺͽ⣬ҾܹӵУҲȻĲܹںڵ˵õ޷󵽵ġ
ȴ޷ߣѵ˵𣿡
Ҷһۣ̲ס૵
ҪŵŰ˲ͼ͵֮УƺΪûԵʣ֮ĵƬطų⣬ŲȥνĴӵ붼Ҫȥˡ
¡¡
ķѾ˳ȻģںڵѾﲻԶˡ
ܿҪˣʱĻԼɾ군ˣںڵǿߣҶѾԿ϶ǻĹŴۺͽ
һĵȼ;磬ȫԼȥֿģԼʵӦһ𼶱ǿѾǳˣڽεģǾֻսͶսʥȼĲſԡ
ȵȡ
ѵĿռ䣬ҶͻȻһ
ΪʲôҪߣҿֱӵĶ֮еģȺһһ˴֮ĵƬʧĻǾԻᱩģʱֻǻᳯѰ٣ֻҪǸһʱ䣬ҾͿʧڵŰ˲ͼ֮УʱһʱҲģ
Ҷ϶ʱչ˲٣Ӱ˸ѸٵʧԭҲ漴γ˵
ת˲ѣѾֱӵʧ֮Уռһ˿˿֮ٵĻָƽ
¡¡
濪ʼҵǿʼһ㣬Ҷ찵Եһ𾪲ѡ
һľ֮Ԩ֮ıţ޲õĽΧһжʼɵһ㡣
ҹ
Ҷ˫Ŀüĵ֮ͷųһӡ֣۵ӡǣϵϢӿΧԨ֮ϵľ֮û˺ǲϵ̲ġ
顱
ڵĵҶ³˲֪֮Ż³һСĽ֮óΧԨ֮;֮Ϊݣʼ
ô£ô£ΪʲôͻȻĻĸı䣿
طڣʧɫԪ·Ҫʧصһ㣬Ѿʼʧˣ
ǻĹŴߵɫ΢΢һ䣬ȻĿʼѾһֲԤУָоǿҡ
͡
ߵٶϿľˣΧһγԨ֮;֮ǵ˲㱻ֱӵѳΪޡ
ˢ
·ֻ̣ת˲һ˲Ҷԭڵλá
һ
Ȼǿһ
һ˸еޱϢĲûɢǸλñϾ֮ĳµĵطһ˿΢ѰĵطҪضϱˡ
ԽͻĹŴߵʵȻɵĸоһ㡣
Ǵ֮ڵĵط
ʧˣ
ĹŴ۵૵ĵ
ˢ
ǽϣ֮·Ƿһ㣬Ȼ֮Ŀʼ裬漴һݳ˿֮С
һſȥͨޱȵһשԴ֡
ȻǽݣǴʱһȴ޷ڸǵĲɫɫȥҪôĿֲжôĿֲ
˭
ӿһޱߵĳһ㣬ŭ˷ʼĴ
ף
ֱǱף
⽵ͻĹŴߵʵ죬ʮ㣬ȴҲ̼ıף
ŭĻǵͷųǾƥʵһϯһУⷽԲĿռ˳
֮ĵƬǱõĶԭĻΪǲҪ²飬û˿ȥõģȴû뵽ˮһգ˭õĶ֪
εĲǷŭεĲ
ŭߺޡơѹ֡
ĸǵͷţš
ң˭۵ʲôͷҪҵ
ĹŴ۶ڵǷ
ǿƥϯ趯һһŭǿϢҲЩЩڵĵһѣϴžֵɫ
ǰĻĹŴۣŭޱߣһɱ֮ӿνǵһŭǧ
ҲȥңĻ쵰ڿõĶҲᣬҲøն
Ҳһڵŭȵ
ɫޱȣü֮УһӡǣҪһ㣬ǿͷų˾ʮأ
Ƕ֮ޱȵ˽⣬Ͼǹϵţƾǵĸо˽⣬͵ߴ֮ĵ˾߲Զġ
棬ҶСתţϲϵţǸôԶľ룬ȴоһɹɵĺڷײŴأоԼΧһԨ֮;֮ڱȥ
һǿ°
Ҷ૵
ڵǰȫģطʱԵĲҪȥ뵽Σյ⣬ߵʵȻ죬ȴвϾҲԼġ
ֻ蹷һļһŰɣڿûʱȥᣡ
ҶаԵЦţ漴ĽԼעŵ˴֮ĵƬϡ
ƬûվһԼøϽĽ޷ȫҲýںԼУӲܹ֤İȫ


2126 
еһö޴Ĵ֮ƬҶһǰ֮Ȼ󣬵ȷʵҹά
Ǵ֮ϣһڼͨؼʩչҶǲȥ⡣
£Ľһö޴Ĵ֮ƬΧ
͡
һϸ΢֮ѸٵĿʼ˳Ǵ֮ϵÿһ˿ޱȵǿ󣬿ԹͨأҰǷ㲻ʲô֮¡
ȥȡеһ˿Ҳñĳֱӵı궼ʣµġ

Ҷļ̰ⷢеЩ̲صĶ̫ˣŽľˮе̲޾ͨǳ֮˪֮֮ռ֮ȵ
Ǵ֮ϵ
๾࡭
Ҷľ֮Уһһ㣬ϵĽΧٵĴС
֮ţҶüͷųޱߵĹ⻪Щ⻪֮޾İÿһ޵еġ
ڵĴ֮֮ƬޱȵϤ·Ƕδĺһ㣬Ľ
֮ƬǾبź֮ϴɫʵĺʥоһö֮ƬҲǴ֮е컯
컯֮ɴ˿ɼ֮ĵǿ֮
ԪʱĲȻ޷ǿģҶĺʼǿҪһ㡣
޷ڸǵǿϢҶԽļڷıţһδεʼϵıÿһεĴ㹻Ҷоһȫµľ硣
ۡûҵԷټһƺѾ뿪˺ܾһ㣡
һеӹϴŷŭɫŻĹŴ۳
ܣϢ˵Ũһ϶߲ԶǴ֮ƬεȵǿᣬǸأԷѾˣٹ̵ĺܣǺʮħ綼ҪںһˣԷǴߵĻе޷󵽵ģ˵һҪס뿪ǶȻܵ顭
ĹŴ۵ɫޱѿĽе
ҲǶԷѾˡ
һڵĵӹеһɫõ˵
ԷؿǻĹŴۣǻĹŴһֱ赲Ҳͽ뵽ȻҲҪȥʧġ
ߣСڽѵ𣿡
ĹŴۺεȵ˫ƣ֮һһľĲԷ̬ȻҲע֮Уо˶Է̬ĹŴɫƵĿŶԷس˵
֮ƬڵˣڻΪǲɣ
ڵɫƵĿŶԷеһ˸ֱӵݻһض׼˶Է
ϡ
ĦʼֳĿǸղŵڵӣĺ£
Ǽᶨ
ǻĹŴ۷û˿ı֣ƺĬӵΪ
䡱
һɺ嫵ܿʼչֲֳܿƥ޼ɵ̬ʱڵǵĲ˲Ŀʼۼһ
ס֡
ǽɫ̤ݻһ漴˵ǰ
ǻĹŴۣ¶һ˿Цݣ
ĹţͼСһʶôȤ
ߡ
ĹŴһûмȥԷǶΧĵĺȵ
һ߲ԶģٴεΧһҪҵ
漴תʧԭһ˸ıӰɫ΢΢һڣ漴Խ

֮£Ҷ岻ϵڸıţЩƣÿһ൱£ĺۼݻ
ʱˡ
Ҷĺ
ʱѾоˣԼѾʼ𲽵ĺ֮Ƭںǿڷɿݻš
䡱
֮ĵƬ׵˲䣬һɺ嫵ʼ䳹
𡭡
һŭʼ˳ҶڵʼڿʼÿһͬǻӴһ㣬ʮ
Ҷ˫ֽӡǡתľѧʼתƬ̣Ҷ˫ĿѾȻˡ
˫Ŀ֮УĹâʼһĲľ֮棬ͬǻĹâʣҶ˫Ŀâ֮ȴǿеƿ¶е®ɽĿ
ɣ֮
һѸٵ
֮Ψǿſʩչ
ٶȵǿǿʼ𽥵Ĺע֫ٺ֮С
¡¡
֮ϣһʼͷ˳


2127 Ѱٵڣ

һŭ˳
֮Уһڸǵ䣬ĳ֣֮޲ֳ󺮷硣
á
Ҷɫ΢΢һ䡣
۴ˣ
϶ϵëĽе
ãǵ̫Ŀ񱩣һʩչӰ쵽Щһǡ
Ҷﻺس˵
ܹھͲҪĻܶ˵ע⣬˶ֵġ
ꡭȥ
Ҷٻʮ꣬ǵصĺܣҶġɱ֮ءҪ£Щһǵʵٶڲ༶Ͻ׵Ϊ˵ǳòˡ
ǣ۴ˣ
֣ĳҶ˵֮дżĲôõʱˣڵҵԼۣ˳ֵĻᣬ˵һĪĶ䡣
ۡ
ʮӰٶȿľˣƿʼ֣糤һ㣬Ѹٵʧԭ
ۣ֮
Ҷһȥ֮ĵƬһעʮټղŵһǿӦһ𼶵ħֻǲ֪ھ֮ػԨ֮ء
ˡ
һȦȦĹ⻷ʼֳǺɫĹ⻷Ҷ֮۵ļӳ֣⻷ˡ
һ޴ɫħ
ԷӺ;ƣһͼڣͼȼţ⻷ϵĴͷţ֮һеʼΧʼ۵УŻ۵ʼ࣬һͼڵģҲ
Ȼһ̰ǰģ
Ԩʯħ
һϴű֮ɫ˵
Ԩʯħ
Ҷ΢Ѹٵҵ˶ԷϢ
ԨʯħԨа֮زŻᵮ飬Ȼа񣬵ȴҲǽڴصģԷ˵ĺܡ
ǶԷľڲĳ̶ϣʮȻǲֻ֮ҪҶĵҲܵشҪȥӦһ𼶵ԨʯħҲ൱ѵ顣

Ԩʯħ̰Χ˫ĿҲ𽥵ĳҶķϿȥ֮ƬϢҲĪģǱϾبź֮
ԷһԵɫ˫Ŀس濴ȥʮ꿪ʼ
𡭡
ɫ˫Ŀ˲ƵĹ⻪ǿʼŭһȻʩչͨ޴ƳʮݺݵĴ˹ȥ
ϴľˣһɽǱеĻκεһ𶼵Ҫ˱ܡ
׳գǿǽʵ֮䣡
һЦ
͡
֮䣬ɢǿڵǻһһ㣬ֱӵĴȥŶԷüĴ˹ȥ
ˡ
ڴ̵Էüĵ˲䣬ԨʯħϵͼȴȻĿʼһĺۼݺݵȼ
ߡ
ٴεһߣľŵҲûţٵĻԼֱӵע뵽˶Էϡ
̹ǣȻҲаȴԷԨҪǿĺܣ˲ı㶴˶Էķ
顱
ͼѵˣֱӵĻޡ
䡱
Ҷ΢ֱӵĽԷѸٵ˹
˻
һĻ濪ʼֳҶ¶һĨɫԨʯħļ֮оȻսͶսʥߵӰ
žžž
ʱͻȻĿʼݳһǿҵıʼٵı䣬ݻǿ·һ𼴽緢Ļɽһ㡣
ģʼ˱ߵ̬
Ҷɫ΢΢һ䣬Ǹоˣ֮ϣһĲɣƺǽѵĲ
Ľ𣿲༶Ͻڲ뵽𼶵ʱƺֽѵģڵȴˡǾ˵ôǼԪ٣ҶͻȻ뵽еĹؼ¶˿Цõģ
̫۸ˣոյҪΪˣȴҪһμԪ٣ôĲǿӵʲô
ڵ޷뵽Ű˲ͼ֮У֮Ƭûûʹ޷ŵռеκһģ鷳ˣԽǻĹŴ۵ʵܿͿԸоմٵҶ쿪ʼż
Լ֮ƬԼ뵽Ű˲ͼ֮УҶ˵Ǿǲܵ顣
ˣѰҵλڣǵʵ㹻ȥӦһģʱѾ֮ĵƬˣ
Ҷ͵ĳ˰취漴ĿٵǿеԼڵѹѹֻСѣʱ֮ûģǳʱĻԼͻ군ġ
ߡѰҵǣ
Ҷͷų˳˻֮꣬һȥѰλڵټ
ۣ֮ҿ
ü֮Уͷųޱǿҫ⻪˸ǿٵı
ΧĻһеһУѸٵĳҶǰôʮħ磬ҪѰˣȴҲǺѵģҺԨʯħħ֮УҶ컹ԼķʽȥѰңܿıݶԷļѰҵԼҪĶ
֮ĵطֹ
ҶдϲѸٵļԦһӣƺƵı
ѾоԼڲ·һѵһ㣬Ҫһʱ̵ʱûҵԷ»˱ģʱȥӭϵļԪ٣Ÿͨ޵еĻҲֻ·һ
죡
зĺҶ챳һԿռ֮ɢϵʥǽ۵ӡǶ׵ķΧ֮У֮һеа޲о˵ϢԭֽҶɵ˲ԼԴ
ȻҶΪ֮ĶǹϢȴ̫аˣǿȥɵġ
𡭡
ļһȴеģһŭ𴫳漴һ޴ԨѪŭԷҲһ𼶵ǿ
ʱһԾ޴۾ʼҶ졣
ˡ
һҶһ
ʱȱһǿеʩչԼ̫ºΣˣԨٶȺܿ죬طʩչ˵Ҫ첻١
֮ì
һìʩչ˲ΧЩһӵϣֱӵĽһɱˡ
һע뵽УҶȴҲԵĸ̾ǿϰٱĻһҲġ
ߡ
ԦԨҶٶȿٱƵĵϢǴΧ
ģҪﲻɣȿȿȡ
֮ĵطһɽ֮Уһ貹⻪ڲͷų
һ漴ıһ󼱴ٵĿ
˳ѰȥֻӰɽ֮дڵĴϢš
ߵǿᣬһ˺ѸٵţɽķΧĺܣֻĶԵЩСѡ
ߵòԵ˶ڿѰٵĶսʥս𣬻˭
սʥڵĿ˼֮ѾѪ
ԪپȻôľ͵ˣģȫĴֱȽϣǾȻǸݵļһӴĻԪٵģ
սϴ˿˿ʹ࣬ȴʮ㡣
ǰˣû뵽̫ĳ棬ܵƣѾģˣ˿϶ҪԿģںڵǲŹǵģ
ߡʵǲеĻǾֻܹˣֻǣ
սʥݺݵغ
ͻأľʱһȴѸٵĴ˳Ⲩ֮д˿˿ѪĲߵɫ̲סһޱ䡭


2128 ҩ

սͶսʥߵɫ̲סһ
ߡӵס
ս𻺻ؿ˵
ƨ㣬˸ôӣӶˣ
սʥҲûı
ϵļⶼڿʼܵʲôĪһ㡣
үģڵѾƻĲˣԷնɱǸûжٵķ֮Ǹ׸
ս޲õһƽѾ
׸ӵ޵УûȴҲסϽĹҪӣ
սʥ˿˵˵
˵λôĿ𣿡
ʱһĵ˳һ˿κͿЦ
սͶսʥ𻹴ȥ֮ȴ̲ס
ӳֻþ˰ɡƺӵѪսһĴ̲ͣסĽ
ǵģ
սʥҲ̲ס˵ͷ
Ҷ졭
սֱӵͻ˶ѨѸٵĳ˹ȥ
ȻҶԦԨһЦĿǡ
Сӣսʥһ֮ɫĽ
ҶԦԨҵսͶսʥߣǵǵ֮ȴ̲סһ鴤
ʱϴһ˺ۣɲĺۼĿģͷҲ˵ϵ۶Ѿޱˣ۾ϵĲսޱϤһİ˴ˡ
ͨ
սʥûƷ˵ϣڵĴϢţ
үģӻΪԨ߾֮صħء
ҶҪ˵ͻȻɫ΢΢һ䣬ߵϢƺǲ̫Ծ
ۣ֮
âü֮мƶѸٵĶǵ
ǡǣϵ֮Ҷɫ޷ڸǵı仯ޱ
һĹѾ׵ıϵĽǽҪѣֵܹڶһֵܹ˵Ҳϵ־ɵġ
˭
ҶȻı
ɱ¶˱Ļߣڣеŭȼ
̫ɺˣҪȡ
Լɵģ
սͶսʥ߿Ц˵
Լ
Ҷһ㶣漴̲סĽ
ȿȿȡ
սڵĿţѪЦֹ˵
һõһβСĻԵǰĳּԪ٣ȴû뵽ڵֲ̫ˣȻȹ˼Ԫ٣ȴΪڿ񱩵ڵزѾĸԪΪĳ̶ȣҶһϲá
ĸԪΪķѣСӣôѰҵУһΣգӸоŵϢںڵŵǿҲѾˣ
սʥһе˵
ϼһڵǱˣûа취Σ뿪
߹ޱȵ˵ǵϣȻĲҶ
Ǿڿ뿪𣿡
ҶЦ˵漴ͷųһ˿ϵϢؿڡ
䡱
һ˿ϢȻСȴըװΧγһ񱩵籩ĿɫȻһ䡣
̫ˣ
ǺεǿĲǶԸоһ޷ڸǵֱϵУսʥһĳ鴤Ͷ£ɴ˫ĿҶ˵ڵ㣬Ҫͻ˰ɣ
ֿ񱩵Ϣǿ󣬵Ǻεȵ޲ǸոնȹԪٵĴڣȻֿ񱩵ϢޱȵϤ
ǵģȻǿѹȴҲҪ̫ʱҪͻˣ
Ҷĵ˵ͷ˵
ȻҪͻˡҲͻֱӵĲ˴ٵϢǼԪٰСӿҪ׬ˣ
ս¶˿ϲɫڵͶսʥߵ̫ˣԶԭڵԼܵεȵĥѣĻҶһжġ
ҶʵսǶսʥ𣬶൱ǲ༶Ͻ׵ļһںʱͿӲ𼶵ǿˣһԪΪĲ𶼲ϵġ
ǳΪӵмԪΪĲǿսϴһ޷ĵز
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2129 ڤ𣡳֣
ÿٶȣеһΪߵĿ£Ϊǿ죬ΪҪȴҩǿ֮
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һ޴ĻƽɫӰ⶷սʥͷ˳Ϣޱǿ󣬶Ӱᣬγ˻
ǻƽħԳĻ

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ȻԷòףϵĹЦȴ˿ĶоޱȵĶģαģҶΪļһ
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ҶٶȶҪѸ͡

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Ҷ죬Ȼ˵ĺܣû뵽㾹Ȼʶ𣡡
Էģһֱڱ仯ţϵӰͷųޱߵĺۼ
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ҶˣǷʥΪʲô»𣬶ԷעΪڤ֮еر
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ָӶϴɫĺɱ
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ǿĳ֣;ҶǿĲתһֻҪԵƬ̣һУҲˡ

ҶкݺݵغһȺˣϸ˵ǺǿֻҪԼԸĻǵ֮е϶ϵëͿӦǵ֣Ⱥ˸ģ϶ѾĳӡǣֻҪǶԷ䣬Ҷҿ϶Էع鵽ʥС
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Ҷǰһ漴һĽ֮У⽿֮Ҷɫʱһ䣺
㣿


2130 Ů䣡Σʱ̣
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ϵħʼѡ
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2132 սĿʼ
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ʱ߿Ҷ죬ʱĶԷڴڵĴϢţ¶һĨĿЦ
үġٲѣӾ͹ˣ
ȻƺأĹŴۺͽҲûгȫֻĥû

һĴϢ֣ǶսʥսеŭѾ
սҶԼѪԼĺˣΪԼȴһƤһɳһ㣬ϵıĹŴۺͽ𲻶ϵĴţһĴţĶڲڷ
ղŵȻڻָȴŶΧȫȻĲ˽⣬෴ģǶΧĿȴκΣ޷֣ǿھͳ֡
ĹŴۺͽߵԭǸоһܵصĴˣûȥԷǿȻǲ𼶵ǿߣǰ˴еλȴҲʲô
Ϊؼ飬ǱŹҶʱͱһֿΧסˣȴߵĴڡ
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һһöҩȻĿȫĻָһһĻȴԴﲻԤڵЧ
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һ̫ʱںս壬ÿһǿ߶Ǻĸ֣һаٵĴڡ
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С΢΢һŮʵĽĵ˵ϣʱҶŷ֣ŮʾȻܵ˲С˺Ǹղţ󲿷ֵɱĽϣȻҶ첻ȥϣǲò˵һǱŮ廤סˡ
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΢΢ĴһŮ磬Ҷ쵭Ц
С椣ĹˣһΣ
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գҶ˫Ŀ漴ĳһطһֳ񴸵ӰУһĮӵĿҶ죬ⲻ𻹻˭
Ӱ˸еĲ񴸷貵Ĺ⻪ⲻһ׶೤ֱƣÿһĸоһļӳ֣ǿĺܣϢ㹻ĳ忪һеһе谭
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2134 ءҶ裡
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һ̣ǲ֪ˣʲôںޣʲôŽǿʲô춷ĸо


2135 졭ҺΣ
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2136 ʱ̣
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ߡƽսһƽħԳһħմȾаħѪƾһսͿѹʮȷʵûʸȥսʤԷаƣڣӵʵٴεѾʸˣսԣҲҪ׾ˣսħǹҲóɿˣս𣬶սʥ𻺻Ŀ˵
սħǹ
֣սɫҲ̲ס¶һĨǺܿȴЦ˵սħǹҲµ˺ܾˣȷʵҪɢһˣ
ϣ
ϣ
սħ֮ޱߡ
һͨɫĳǹǹ֮ϣħһӡǣݻγ·Щ·һγһͼƺһ£˫ӰƺһԵǷˡ
ϵ̬ͿΪ֮ĤݣһӰ֮УȴԼĴһаħ
սħǹ
ϵħǹ
ƽսսħǹ֮еǿ֮ǿĺܣаĺܣƽսͶսʥ߶ȥԷΪ̫ǿΪ޷ƿأڣǵʵΪȴѾʸˡ
䡱
˫̤գ
֮ϣب֮УһѺۿʼ˳
޴Ӱبźİƣ֮䣬ǵ磬ǵƿһ㡣
Ϣ
սͶսʥߵɫı仯ΪǸоӰ֮ͷųơ
飡
飡
ĹŴۺͽĻӶԼȭͷݺݵشԼǰƽѪ䵽˳֮е˲䣬ӰڵĿʼ
һӰһӰ
߶֮ϣģϴһϢΪ֮Ϣϵ˼£䵽۷壬֮ΪϵĴһ㡣
ȻӰǴģӣǿϢȴ㹻ĺɨһС
ǡʥ˼ϢģȻ˵Ϣһѵ˵㹻ٻʥ˼ǿߵرɣߵ۾֮д޷ŵĹ⻪˸˵Ļľ鷳ˡ
ˡ
֮УӰٴεķһĲ˻ھ֮еˡ
û뵽ȻԱȱʩչ̶ȣս𡢶սʥֿͻˣ
ԶԼٻʥ˼Ӱֵޱȷŭŭĺ
űʩչɱﵣǽòײŵõıʩչ˳۷ģһҪɱǣǵܹñ۵֮Ϩ𣡡
ϣƽսض׼ߣսʥһԻƽɫͫϵͷųѸٵͷŶҵĹӣ
û뵽ϾȻһʥ˵ӡǣһӡǿֻΪģʥ˼֮һʵ޷ӳǻ䵱һĹţ
мĻʱ׼ŭ˻ĹŴۺͽŭһʱһɺܣ
սʥȥɣ
ڣ漴ƹһ㣬һӰѸٵʩչ漴һͷţޱߵҫĿɲȻبŵǵһ㣬ŶսʥϮ˹ȥ

ӿŵ
ƽսٵ趯ƽɫаٵı
䡭
ӰҲٵĶսȥ
ƣ
սħǹٵļȥһ޴ħ
¡¡
ʥ˼Ӱ֮һж·ǳΪһ㣬һ̣ĤȥؼΨһ㿪ʼĤݡ
Ĥݣǲòݣ
꣡
һֳսͶսʥߵɫʱı仯˫ĿɵùԲϵҪĿʼ
ǵĽȻˡ
ֻ̲ʥϢӰĳֻ֣֣ǵأؼ׺Ψһ
ŶԷʩչת˲ѣȴѾѵߵĽ
ģ
սʥ¶ɫĿһ޴Ļƽս·һһ㣬ƽɫ濪ʼĳӿʼ
սħǹ̴
սеսħǹγһ㣬С̲صȴ㹻һĴԪ
ƴȻĿԺ񷡣
䡱ǿڴʱȴٴεʩչһһ̣ʥ˷ŭһ㣬ǵϺҫʧܣȻֻһ㣬΢һӰѣȴҲǽģ԰ģ޵еġ
ŭ֮УƻӶʥ֣֮εȵǿ󣬺εȵ죬ֻת˲ѣǱգب֮УĤݣĲ࣬ϵ㡣
εĻʧܡ
˫ֵ趯ʱǿնڲǵƶ֮ѵһǺӣһ磡
ۡ
ݣ
սͶսʥŭ֮УѪķȥ죬ܵش˺

ĹŴۺͽߵ¶˿ϲɫǴŵĴЦš
޲ǵɫ
ˡ
ʥӰɢˣĹ⻪ѣγöϵӡǣû
ǵһ˿һͷŽᱻջء
ʧȥʥ˵ɿնɱڵǣ
ĵڵϵߣϴޱȵɫĽ䣬ѾһɲâѸٵĳսͶսʥ˹ȥ
顭
ûеȵͻȻ֮䣬һɿֲȴһ༤ǿֲ˲ı˳ȥһ˲ʱ̣⽵㱻ɣڵѪ֮иǴ޷ŵɫĺ
ʲôˣ͵Ϯң
֮УǺεȵķȻѾŭ˼¡
ѵ˵
սͶսʥԭѾˣȴû뵽ʱȻתޱ𾪵УһӰȴسǵǰ̹ǵĴ
˵ˣĹţˣ


2140 һж
Сӡôˣ
սͶսʥߵɫ̲סı仯Ҷ쾹Ȼⲻ
˭ģ
սĺϵı鶼ʼѿò׵һ뿪СȴٴεĳڵʵĸԪΪĲ𣬵ȴҲܵˣҪȥֿסͻĹŴۣȴԵûܣ
ȻС֣
ɫޱϵѪĺ
ղŵǱһĹԼ壬ڻڻۣȴΪŭΪŭĶֵ˾ȻҶ죬СȻԼˣ޷̵飡
һǿǵصĿʼһƷǷ޷ڸǵĿɲ
ɭȻɱԱһ㣬ԭޱȵʮħ磬ʱʼԽ
Ҷ˫Ŀ𣬷ɺ죬עߣڿŭͷųޱɱĽ̲֮סһ˿ߣӸղ˵ˣ˵ģ׼𣿡
ƺƵĴݳһȦ·ռ䶼ڿʼתһǿҵϢȾǿϢļ¡
СӡܹŹ֣ԭʱǿ˺ܶ࣬ɴ⣡
ĹŴһǽԸ񣬴ʱˣоҶϣһĲݻȻڵ޷о⵽ʲôԭ򣬵ȴԸоĳʱҶԱԭҪǿܶࡣ
޷һССĲ༶Ͻ׵СѵԷʲô˲ɣϵʥӡǣǱѾǧҵģҲѣǲնɱĻǲĵģҶ졭һССҲͼ;Կ𣿲ֻһ༶СˣҽѵĻҲˡ꣡
ĽҶһߣ˫ֻر󣬵˵
༶Ͻ𣿡䡱
һȻı嫵ƴɽ緢ǵص񷣡
༶Ѿʷˣ
¡¡
嫵ƣʼƲ񷣬Ⱦ·ںһһ㣬һ̣Ҷ컯ؼΨһ
𣿡
ɫֻһսѣҶ쾹ȻΪһ
ԣżԪϢСֵϾȻ̲żԪΪһԪΪĲ𣡡
ĹŴ۵ɫʱȴݺݵر仯Ҷ޷ŵĽ
ԪսͶսʥߵϱʱһͣȫû뵽龹Ȼᷢ˵תʵ̫ľˣԷȻת˲ѣﵽ˵ĳ̶ȣͻƵԪĲΣҪѸٰ
ӵѪӵѪ
սϴžϲıĺ̲֮ص˷ܺͼεȵԡ
ܣ
аԵľһ˫ĿݺݵҶ죬вϵ˼ţ
һ༶Ͻ׵СӵԪΪĲѾڴʷˣԲϳСӵϿ϶ű֪Ķܿؼѧϵԭ򣬺ߺߣֻϵؼѧبź֮ſԵ˵漣εģСӷɣļֵ֪ؼҵΪҲѸģɱ꣬СӵǴ֮ƬҪ
СӣȥӦǽԸĹŴۣ
սʥﻺؿ˵
ĹŴΪұҪ£ԷĸԷҪι̵ĺܣһڶսʥǽҪ£ֻΪϣ˼ϡ
λڡҵģǿʼʱ򣬴ҿ൱ʹ찡иëرϲǳ˵һҪɱǣ
С֣ҿ
ȵı𣬰֮бӿҶȥݺݵĴ£ͬһ޴Ŀһ㣬ʱһɺܡ
㲻ɣ
оԷ֮Уͷųһܣ㹻Ŀɽ죬Ҷ˫Ŀ˸ǿ⣬ʵļ£ݺݵسŶԷӶȥ
Ҷ쾹ȻģûУȻѡӲӲ
ȭ
ֲȭӡѸٵı䣬ǿȭ⺭ɢŭȼգһѸٵײһ𣬿ռһ˲ʱ̣ȻĿʼŤܵĴݲһ㡣
͡
䡱
ײʹγɣǿΧһж˲Ļ
ŵŵţ
嵹ˣ˫̤յѸٵĴ˳
ǽȻĵ˻ȥ
ôܣ
ɫ䣬ŭ
ǵģˣֱӵĻû˿ˮ֣
ҶվȻʱʵﵽԪΪĳ̶ȣֻ˵ĻǶȻĲǽĶ֣޵Уʱʥ忰죬ԴԴϵ˸֮Уʮε֮ƣûһת磬Ǿ춯صˡ
ʱԸһû˿ѹġ
Сӡ鷳
ĹŴ۵˫Ŀ˿˿âؿ˵üһһۼʼݻ漴ǰ֡
һСԭڲ༶ʱ̾ͿսڵﵽԪΪľ磬ӵĲɴ⣡
ĹŴϴۣʵͼʶҪǿܶ࣬Ļ£˸һɵѾҶˡ
ɵļˣȻ֣
ս̲סŭǴʱϵʵ̫ˣԼûа취ȥ
޷ӸоСڲûʲôΣգҶԸһﻹǴ´ģ
顱
һֻ֣ݻΪ˵֣֮ٵı䣬ֱֲǿԴһƬǺˡ
һǴ˶֣ǿҲ˲仯޵ġ
飡
ҶűĺЦ֮ȭٵʩչӲĴ⻪
ϣ
ײһ
ȻĹŴ۵һѾﵽ˻޷֮һն޲ѵ¶ɭȻĺڰѷ졣

֮˸ٵıȥǿҶıʼ˳
ôĻûе޵ˣبŵ϶ȻȥΧһˣһǵС
սɫ΢䣬ŭ
ȻҶĸı䣬оޱȵĳԾϾԪΪĲ𰡣ֵĻҶҲδǶ֡
ɡΧĽ˿Ĳ⣬ٵأһ֮ѸٵĴȥϢεȵ
ҶǻĹŴ۶ţһֻ֮ۿžҪĴˡ
ҲʱҶȴһ˿Ц


2141 ѹ
ɣ
ŭݶ
¶˷ɫҶ壬Ľ֮־ҪˣֻҪԵĻһΣ㹻Ҷ
֣֮֮Уеļ˲ʸؼǿֶΣֲһֻ֣֮㹻ʩչǧ֮
ã
ĹŴȴڴʱԴҶϣһ˿Цһֲм⡣
ݡ
һƿ֣ҶıһīѸٵչ
ռ֮
顱
ҶȻʧ֮Уʧ˻ĹŴۺͽ֮
䡱
ʽȻĳǻĹŴۺγˣߵײһȻֻһ֣ǲײȴǲˣǿײΧһжʼˣľǽΧʼ˳ȥ
ۡ
ڵĿѪղŵǿеջȥ֮󣬲ķЧȴҲСǿ
˾յһĻսͶսʥˣߵ϶ʱ¶һĨ֮ɫ
Сӵʵ±Ҳ˿Ǹǿ󡣡
սʥ𻺻س˵
⶷սʥǸ֮߰ӵŷʵҶʵܹõĿ϶ʵĲ򵥡
ղõǿռ֮ЧƿصģСϵ׻Ŷٵİ
սҲһĿЦ
ҶһСϵЩ֮ȴǶΪ֮ȲѣǿֶΣ˾ؼѾòЩبŵĻʯǿʼЦˡ
֮ϣҶӰ˸һɫӭ죬ɺ˸˿˿⣬ƺЦĿ֮еĺâ䣬ʥѪɫһ㣬̹ǵĺܡ
һԿռ֮趯ţԲĿռ䣬޲Ҷƿ֮С
ǿռ䷨ƿأѾﵽ˴ɵı֣ڵĿռ޲ע֮УһֻӶƿء
СӽǸУǲնɱԺ󽫻ǵĸ󻼣ò
ĹŴۻؿ˵һĵ۷趯ţ֮У·Ԧһ㣬ȻվȴǿѾҪƿնˡ
꣡
ƻһзĽžҶ˫Ŀ񣬿֮µߣһĨƺǱøӵĿ
ɱ
𻺻ؿ˵

ĹŴ۵ͬĿɲ
ڣǻûз֣
ҶЦ
ʲô
ĹŴ۵һͻȻĸоЩԾ
顱
ǰһȻһӰѾֳ
Ҷ̤գ̤һ㣬ͥŲĶޱȾ׵ӣһŹֵĸоǾ㾲׵̬ȴٶԵøĹ졣
˵ĻĹŴ۵꣬Ҷٶȴ·Ǵﵽһһ㣬Ȼûа취ȥ
ֻǸоǰһһ̣Ҷǰ
ȭ࣡
ȭҶ˿û飬Ӷȭͷǿ衣
飡
¡¡
һȭֱӵײ֮һҵĺۼʱռ֮γɣһƥȭһɺ嫵ȭӡĺΧǿ߶оһ
޷
ǿûĹŴ۵ֱӱе˵棬ƿ˵ر뵽˴֮С
顱
Ҷٶȿľˣ
ܣ
﷢޷ŵĺ
ûʲôܵĶ
ҶǴ˿˿⣬ĺȵ
ϣâ˸ٴεĻһֱֻ֣ӵѹȥ⽵޷ŵ֮Уݺݵѹ˵
飡
վ֮ϵҶû˿Ķ޴Ķڣɼ׵Ķڣޱ飬һ˫֮У˸ɺȴԽǿ
ͣ
ݣ
ƿȻĳ֣
Ӱ˸Ȼһӣ֮УһеĺȻʼǿеıȥ
С֣Ҫɱ㣡
ϵĵѣǱ̬ĻĹŴ۳׵ˡ

һƣü֮еӡǽҪռ䶼һ㣬Բ֮Уǧ֮У޲֮
ϣ
Ҷ΢ƿһУ̤֮УӣӰ䣬еĴһϵĵ
͡
Ҷ˫ֺݺݵס˻ĹŴ۵ĲӣȻĳ˶ԷǰеĴֱӵն
ۡ
Ѫ𣬻ĹŴ۵ͷ­ֱӵķȥ
ӡ
ȭʮ
Ҷȭͷ·һϵɽһ㣬ǿȭͷŴ֮ʼߡ

ҵײʼ֡
һ޴ɳһ㣬ҶصĻÿһεĻ򣬶һ춯ص
ܵģ
﷢ŭ
޷ŵĴţŭš
ǵģܵģ
ȫܣ
ҶֻһԪΪĲˣǲ̫ˣԳΪǵĶֵģڣҶ첻ӲĿסߵĳ֣ŷ
εĲ𾪡
ղŵʱӳ֣ˬ𣿡
ҶĻӶһȭ⽵ϴѪģ϶Ѫ
С̫
˸ĹŴ۵ٴεĳ֡
ԴָԭòʵҶȻĲĶԷôľȥЩһǣϹϵĴڣʵ˵죬ȴҲȻĲô׾ͿԽնɱġ
ҶȴҲԼİ취

ڵĴϢţʱޱȵǱΨһۣȴɴ޷ڸǵķɱ⡣
ҪɱԼܾĻ쵰֡
ﵽԪΪ֮һ൱ڲһ㣬ҪսʤӦòˣҪȥնɱĻҪСֶΰսﻺؿ˵
С֣Ȼǿ󣬵ȴԲǵĶ֣ûǳ㣬صƿҲˣڵؼֲҪסȴǲܵģңڵˮ׼޷ƻǵ
ĹŴɭĺ
ƻΪʲôҪƻ
ҶͻȻ¶һĨЦ
񳹵׵ĿʼЦڿʼʱĹŴ۾ͼȴԵûк£ٴεĳ֣ûĹŴ۵вĿʼ
á
Ľ
漴ĴգҪͼ뿪
һ˲䣬һâȴѸٵĳֳ
ϣ
ݺݵش˴һ㣬ֱ֮ӵѳһۼ
ҵ𡭡ҿ
䣡
ޱߵѸٵγɣԲķΧ֮Уޱ趯˸˹Ϣ

ҵĳ֣ĹŴۺǽ̲סı

ƿأҶ컺ؿ˵


2142 ֮һԪ
Ҷվɽ磬еתޱߵȻ³ͬһϵɽһ㣬˲޷ֿĤ̬
ǿᣡ
ޱȵǿᣡ
˫ֵ˫ĳӹӿʮ

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ڹѣŭڵ²ԩ
ҵӿǿûĹŴۺͽߵ޷ֿĿʼȥ
ʲôʲô
ŭӵĺȻޱߵľ޴󣬵ȴѾ׵ʧˡ
ҵ𡭡һƿصǵҵ𣡡
ǵģǵҵޱߵǿ棬ǰ׳ն֪⵽ʲôĴڡ
ܵģҵǵҲôģΪʲôСȴƿôĵҵ𣿣
޷ŵĽš
Ѿˣڵӣڰ
Ȼ˫ôӴĵҵȴҲ̲סв
ʱڰڲޱȵĿ־塣
˿ɲ֮Ǿʵεǿ󣬵ȴǻẦµġ
ҵȻŴȴҲޱȵƻǿĴݲ
ǵʵ񷣬ȴҲ޷ѵôĵҵģ
ѵ˵ǡ̳Ǹ˵Ĵвɣ
ͻȻ˫ĿɵùԲǷʲôһĴ˫Ŀ֮Уͫ׾ҵâһ
ߣһҪ뿪һϢɢȥСӲܹںڶҪޱߵֵֻģ
ͻȻӦ˹

ʱһȴѸٵĳ֡
ҶһʱѾ߳׵Ĵ˱֮Уһ֪Լݡ
䡱
ޱߵĵҵܵȼգݻħڤʡħȮĵӰš
顱
һֻ޴ĵħȮѸٵһݺݵҧס˻ĹŴ۵ޱߵҵѸٵע뵽֮УεǿᣬȴҲû궼˫ǿ
͡
һâ֣ҶҲգ˶Էǰһü֮һɢ

𶯶ʮħ֮С
ǻĹŴ۲ʵŭ
Ҷ֮Ѹٵע뵽ڣ
籩
Ҷü֮Уâ˸貣ϳҪضȥһ㡣
䡱
һȭʼӶһȭֱӵĶǽ
ʱĽڵֿҶĵҵ𣬸ûȴֿסҶĳֱ֣ӵıƿѸٵı飬͵Ļޡ
𣡡
һӡǳ֣һ޴ŭҶ컮һצͼֿסҶĳ֡

Ҷ֮ȭ֣һ谵޴ȭӡǲ˶Էķצѣ촷ۡ
顱
Ϣ۶Ҷؼʼʩչ
䡱
硢֮ì籩֮ȭռ֮򡭡
֣޲ȫʩչΪʱȻϵȴٴεûǷҶǲٴθġ
һԪΪĲǵ޵еģҪնɱҲޱѵġ
ۡ
Ҷƻ֣֮ݺݵѵǻֱָӵסǵꡣ
Ҷ죬ŹҰɣֻҪԸŹңҿԱ֤սһΪڵѣԶ꣡
е
Ź㣿
ҶζĿŶԷǺܿȴЦ˵
Ź㣬Ź𣿡
꣡
ˣҶƻӶǽֱӱҶ͵˵֮Уޱߵ俪ʼ뵽Ҷ֮УһΣ⽵֮Уһɺ嫵Ѹٵݻ뵽Ҷ֮УӴҶ϶ʱһ
ǣ
𾪣ϲˣ
ЩžķѸٵݻΪҶҪӴĺܣĺܣת˲ͿԱȡյ
Ҷ죬ھǲݵģ
һȭӶ
֮ȭ
֮ȭ
һŸľѧϵؼȭǱҶ֮ȭ˿ĲкǵϵĵѧĹŴƽǴ۵ݣϵһɺ嫵֮ޱȵģ⳾¶ѰҵһԱģҪѰһĻǿֻвʿʸ
ȭͷ淺Žâûлɱ͸ĿռȴѾֱӱˣײеȭӡʼһƬȭʼγɡ
֮ŭ
ҶͻȻϽâֳһɽɫĹââֱγһҶͻȻı޾޴һ㣬һŭĿջʼγɣֱӵһħִ֮˳ȥ
֮ŭôܣ
ĹŴ۲ӶɳҶ죬Ǻεȵľ㵺޷ţ
ǽľѧ
꣡
⽵ײеľѧؼǱҪ͵ȭ⡣
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ڴʱһɺ嫵ȴѸٵչ˳Ҷϣһӡǿʼ˳һϵӡǣҶȴʶԷΪһػӡǡ


2150 ŮʵΣ
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˸ŷŭĻȼգСݺݵҧסһ֮УȴѾۣȻСѾЩмܲסˡ
Ķ棬һվУΪ׵һһа꣬Էϣ¶ȻܵȴɿԿĳһ˫ĿѪɫ΢΢ſѪʺͷԼ촽
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ÿһ仰Եø˵ӣС椵϶ʱ¶һĨǿҵĵӡ
Էߣżʬ壬ԷϵѾѣԴѵûа취ȥ
СˣɣǺˣúõϧġ
Է֮дһֵĿƺһֶѪĿ
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˭Ҫ˵СˣĹٶҪõֵģ

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СһȵĿҶ죬Էղŵĳ̫ˣֻգۼѣȻѾһи㶨ˣǺܿȴæץסҶֱ۽е
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2151 Ǳ
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ŮʵԿǽͻĹŴ۵ʱԵҲŮΪļɵɵԭΪԷҲ˵Ůʵı϶һǿĴڣ˵ǿڻŮʲôΣ
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2152 ټŮʣ
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ԷԴ棬һ˸һöʥӡǣŹϵڼӳ֣ͨļӳ֣ԷӿһϿֲϢϢݻƵ֮󣬽еԽˡ
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ҶĹ
ʱĹΧһС԰ֲŲٵֲ
Щֲ￴ȥ򵥣ȴкܶ඼Ǻҩ
һֲһ㣬𣬽ܵĽչֳγһһ㡣
ǵΧԪͷţȻܵȴҲĳֲϢ
̸
һֲ֡
̸ڳ˵Ҳİǿ֮УȴһޱǿĴڣԷǿȻΪԷЧ
̸ţһֲֺ
ԶʱڵѪɵģصǿЧĿֲֲڲγɵ֭ҺѰ֮ǻƽɫҺ塣
ƽɫҺ壬µѪبŴ̸ڲ
һεĻƽ֭Һ㹻һ˵ʮĳ̶ȡ
ʮٶȣκ˵൱׵ģκΣ̸ϡ٣ҪƾȥֲȥҲ൱ѵģν졣
̸ֲѣҪԪֲ˳ҲϸҪ󣬶Էǻһ㣬Ҫȥֲȥ͵Ҫֲϣȥ̲Ҳսһ֮УǰԪһبź䣬ҪȥĻǲҪķѶٵ
Ⱦһ㵭Ĺ⻪ȥ
̸һ࣬һӰʱϸϸ̸
һӰ˹ȥͬһʥĹ˸һ㣬ǿҵĹ⻪Ӱչֵ쾡¡
԰Ӱ
һУƺǽصһжסˣҶעֻǷŵ˶Էϣû˿ڸǡ
һ׻ɫϴţɫΪ߹ɫ֮һӺݴ˵ҪɫгҪһָ߹ʡ
һɫڶԷϣȻɣ͸һ㡣
һŮӣһһŮȻ˵ԷĽһڸסˣĻȴǿԴӲ濴
ʱŮǰ̸ûע⵽Լڱ˿ţǽɫƺǸӰŵĺ飬ȥ羧Ө͸һ㣬Ķˡ
΢΢һѩɫĽ˫޴˿˿쵽˶㷢˿ȻֻһƣȴӵĶˡ
һѩɫĶ䣬еĸӶ˲١
һˣĺܣȻɣÿһļÿһ㷢ɶ칤һ㣬ϲԵξĵ̡
΢΢ĲŶͷϵĺ飬Ůһ̸һ˿漴һӨĹâ̸˳
Ļƽɫ֭Һ
Ʒ
ɫϻķ棬ǳƷġ
һʼøŨ˲٣ǶԷϣһֻĿƵĹ⻪ΧĿռ֮бǣ˹ȥ
Ȼ̸ҲоԼڱ˷ɿļȡһʱѡ˿ʼΧ
ȻСģŮ̲ס
ĳ֣Ҷ˫Ŀȴ̲סĵɴˡ
޷ڸסĻߣʱԽ
Բ޳ȴʱԵøˣǹ˸Ҫ𪣬ǿĿÿһ˿Ĳһ㡣
̬԰Լ˫ۡ
Ϊ˵ȴԶˣһԱѩΣʱŶԷĶԵøӵԣһԷ󣬻͹ԣһ۾ͿԿĳ
ʱԷĶҶ̲סһڿˮһֵĻϿʼͷźȼ
ƺⱳжŮӶʱһ漴תȥ
񣬲溻˭
ڿҶĻع飬溵һϲǺܿȴһɺ֮˸ǿҵĻȹâ
ȵĲһĲ뵽ʬĸоϲĳֳһĨ糺ɫˡ
죬ʲô
溵Ļﻹû£ҶȴѾǵĳ˹ȥһѱסĽоϤ˵̲סͺݺݵӡ˵ӣϡ
ǺͰռе𡭡
ء죬ǰ졭
죿ôˣ
ҶڵĴϢţ漴ٴΰռ˶ԷС죬˵һ仰߽˴֮Уҡ
ʱѩ֮УҶȻĲȥԷڵѾʼŻһıĲȥʱ䡣
һ˫ĿĿŻ̰İռһԴֻ꣬ҲٵĶš

Ĵ溵Сд˳

һԴĽ֮ҶѾʼ
ϻûۣȴѾʼȲˡ
ΪҶڵڣ֮ʢ˵ʱҶܹܵջ
Ҷջ޷󵽵ǿͿµġ
ˡ
ܿģҶı̢£溵Ľһıе
κΣʱҶεĻĻᣬϵ֮УٴνԷ۷塣
ǴʱҶȴûеõͷţﵽ磬ҪȥͷŵĻǵҪܳ˲ġ
Ѿƣ벻ѵ溣Ҷʱκץĳ嶯
ˢ
һֻСֻҶ϶
ֻһڳЦţѩ˭
ڿѩĳ֣漴һĳȻǿϢһˡ
㲻𣿡
Ҷ̲סڶԷϻţﴭϢ˵
溽Ľô࣬ȥǻ߻ħ溽㣬ԽԽӴ
ѩһ溣¶ɫǰĹâ˵ĹâҶһֿЦõĸоһѩξǺݺݵļƣ漴ڶԷʹ֮УٵĶ
һʱ䣬֮вϵкʹɬĽˡ

ڵģ֪ȥ˶೤ʱ֮ҶŴصĽﵽ֮е۷塣
ʱŮȴѾƣܲˣ˯
ŮĽϹ˺飬Ҷ漴һֵĽһĨƺٴεѵļŵҶ켱æȥϴԼ
ˮߣҶлȴʱҲԼעŵط
磬꣡
Ҷ֮Уļ䣬Ϊĵȴһ˵䡣
ڵۣ
ڵۣһأܹĹһ֮ôõʱ䣬һôõʱкͺڰ˺Ȼⲻһ򵥵ļһҿļ֮У״ŶôĶɡ
ǵԽҶ컺ؿ˵漴һζμ俪ʼԺ֮ת
䡭
һƳҶǰһ֮Ҷ죬ɫʼЩ
Ȼŷӡ𣿡


2162 𺳵İ
һӡһӡ棬ȫмӳ֣ȥĿֲ
ϢƺڿԼеģҲ˵п϶֪飬ˡӦǹŮ񣡡
Ҷ¶һĨĳһŮװĽڵ۵꽻Լãһȴһּ˷ӡԵǲԼ֪е顣
ȻǲԼ֪ģǾ˵һ㣬²ʲô飬ЩҶ쵹ҲǲģΪƾʵҪȥ͹ŮֻǺѵģԷȻҪԼ֪ڵԼͲҪ˽⣬⿪ӡǲѣһ⿪˷ӡǹŮͻ֪ʱ򷴶ʲôֵġ
ڵңҪĺڰ˵ϢҲҪ֪
ҶаԵ˼˫΢꿪ʼӿһ꿪ʼϵ뵽Էļ֮У̽ԼҪĶ
ڵ۱ϾһżԪΪĲ𣬶ԷļӴ󣬾Ǳӡһ֣ʣµȴ̫ˣ֮ѰҵԼҪĶȴӵ˲١
Ҷ֮ȴҵԼҪĶһص൱صļ䣬ԵģԷǲ㽫һμͷųˡ
䡭
ڵĵһμҶǰʱһ˿Ҳ漴Ҷϣ
ɫɫɫɫռһƬռ䣬ΧΧĲ϶ߵĲ
ͷţһĪľζУΧһУ·ǾԪħˢ֮󣬲Żγɵģ
䡢ѪȡпᡢѪ
Ĳںһ˲һ޷Ƶķ
ɭȻİ׹͸һ˿˿俪ʼΧһпʼ˲٣漴ĿԿɭȻ׹ǳһƬռ֮˸űĹ
ϸϸĿȥɭȻİ׹ǳһ𣬹һ޴İ׹֮·Щ׹֮Уɢħħް׹ǣް׹ǣ޵ź
һΧӿϵĿʼתĲݻĲǿĸ֮һеİ׹ٴ类ˮˢһһ㣬ž
䡱
һʥĹ⻪˸翪ʮնĺɫӣдž֧飬֮޲ǿеѹȥ
һʥǣƣһ𣬹һķġ
һĲ֪˶ٵ£ȻѾޱȣȴһֻΰһ㣬Ȼǰ׹֮ϣػŰ׹ǵ˲ܵһ˿һַ
ž
һݳ
͡
Ƿ˲Ŀʼ˸ȻΧħаǿĸ֮ƣȴεػס׹ǵˣԴͷ

ӿһӰƿΧ谭Χĸ֮ܵĳһ㣬Ťţγһֲ״һзʩչȥһ̰һ˱ǡ
顱
ٴεһͬһһ㣬ݺݵ趯ĳӣⷽԲʮ׵Ŀռȫľˡ
Ӱ˸¶еݡ
ѩɫĳ趯ţͬһɫĳһ㣬Ҷһɺ쳯Ѱţʱ¶һĨľ֮ɫ
ϿȣȻ£ĸϢҶоЩѹˣǳ˵ĻԪΪĲ𶼵Уڵ˲ݽߵ
֮ڲϵźΧԴԴϵĸ֮˲ɨһգǾҶ춼ʼЩ۲ˣ̫Ӵˡ
Ǹ֮ȴҶһֱȫĹעԼڣ޵Ҷ޲õĶһһٱ
С
ûıһѾģҶٴνԼעŵһϡ
һ·׷ɣ̬
һ֮УȻ̲һɰ־ǿ󣬵ȴѾҪݽˣȥֿȴҲάϵ˶ˡ
Ƕ־ҶȴЩȤ漴ָ΢΢һһ֣֮ͼ
͡
תԷȻǿеƿҶͼֿȥ
ÿµ־ĵǰҲǼԪΪĲȻ֪мԪĳ̶ȣǵһ־㹻˾塣
Եĵͷ֮Ҷ컺˵
־޵ĸҪɹܹܹܳܵ顣
Ҳˣ˵УȻİˡ
Էһ־ǿƥģ㵽Ϳݵĳ̶ˣԷάϵѾֻϵԵˡ
򵥰
̲סĲ˾⡣
һ׹ǣĺܣСĺܣһŮӵ׹ǡ
ѾˣǼĻҲֲ˶ˣ㲻뿪ĻĽֽǺԼһȫʧȥԭǺһС
Ҷ쵭˵
ϡ֮ޱȣ·ӵļһ㡣
ðɡˡ
Ҷо˶Էļᶨ漴ĵ˵ͷﲻԷطҪļĴȥǾ͵ҪͰ׹ƿڶԷ뿪ҶҲ޷֡
顭
Ӱ˸ⱳһĸ֮ٴεĸоҶʧƺᵽѪȵһ㣬رŨ
͡
ʥٴεĳ֡
˸żᶨĲ£ƺһӰ֮˸˳ǶԷԴˡ
ȻӰݣϡ֮ƺǿԿһ۾żᶨɫ
ϣ
ײ֣һӰ趯ΧһмᶨޱȵѵػԼˡ
ˣǵȴبŵ£ȴԹ޻ڣ
ҶתȥһҫӰ𽥵ıȴڼţӰҲڲϵĿԿһģģ
ֻ־ͿԼȥ𣿡
ŶԷĲҪıӻһСİ׹ǣҶаԵĳһĪ
Ľ
һĿǶԷ۳һԼžԵİĽҽԼ˵ԼһС
ôʱȥˣ׹ϵۻԿһ˿ȻǶԷػԼеˡ
𡭡
ڵһǿҵı˳
Ӱֲסˡ
漴ķһҫ۵Ĺ⻪ĿĿԷھȻγһ΢ꡣ
ǷγɵģֻҪǼʱգԷȫγһĸ塣
ǶԷȴƺǷˣԵĿǽСİ׹ǣ
ϣ
һ˳һ΢ɢɢȴ뵽׹֮С
ڵںһܲɷ֣
һսȴɲΣ˶ԷһִʱҶǺҪȥȹȥ
öԷߡ
Ҷȴ֪ǲܵģԷִԼ˵İһ޷С
Ű׹֮еӨӨ⻪ϡ䣬Ҷ쿴ӰһһŮƺվһ𡭡
ҲõĽ֣


2163 ɻȮ

ڸղŷ飬ҶȻޱȵ𶯣ȴİסеһ𶯣ٵݻٵĳһʼǰ
ಡ
ݡ
Ӱ˸Ĺ⻪貶ĳӹע޾ʼ
ΧһУҶ뵽ʮħ磬Ϣʮħܽӽ
䡱
Ҷǰ·֮һɺѸٵ
ɺǿֲͣ˲һ޷ĸоָоǿңһͬɽڷѹƵζС
˵ǿҲʵҶɫòȥ仯
𣿡
ǰһƬ޴ϿȣҶĺ
Ͽȣ
ҶĿĵأղҲֻϿȵΧѣȴѾеˡ
ǰһϿȣܵа֮ղҪǿҶоԷϢǻһ㡣
ϿȵıԵͷ·ֻħһ㣬ſԼڶЦ˷Ϣ
Ϣ̫ˣ䣬ϿȶҪĸǹһ

ﻺһڳҶ˫Ŀɺ˸ϿȣԽ䱸
Ǻڰ˵һأҺҪҶĿֻһѰҵڰ˵Ϣ
ҶҪ
ȥѰҵһսҪ֣ʥ˼ǿ߿ֳܻڵԼҪǿΪͬʱѰҵϹεϢԼޱȵҪ

һ޺˳
ǿҵѪ·һ޷ֿѹ˲ı
ǿ̬ʵ
һ൱ǿһ㸯һŵϣͬԵĶҩһ㣬ٵĸԪԼϿȵڲȴǿڳ֣ⲻ򵥵ĺܡ
аԵľޱȣҶҲ漴Խ䱸
ಡ
һʯҶӰĿʼ˱ȥ
ôһ·̵ǰҶŸ֮ѹƣҲ̲סһǿҵƣС
о˵൱ǿңȻ϶ҶʧǲģȴС

ʯ֮УҶġɱ֮ءĿռ䷨Ǻ֮УҶѾ𽥵Ŀʼָ˹ȥ
˷·Ǻںһһ㣬Ĵﵽһ˺һ̬
棬ޱȣͬһ㣬İͺۼǳ໥һ𣬹һ
ЩϵУϵݻΪΪϵת·ߡ
תҲֻк໥ں֮󣬲ĳֽܵϵ
ǿĲ֮£ҶĺƽҲѸٵĻָš

ľʥӤһ񱩵ĺ
ʮʥӤüļһӣƺƵĿʼݻ˳ȥ
ǿĲҶһĪĸдͬ·ĸһ㣬ԼʥӤĺӣڶԷڶԼһǿҵٻ
ٻԼʼ뵽С
á
ۿʥӤҪʼ뵽ˣҶͻȻķӦ˹ɫ䣬ŭ˸ѸٵĿʼͷ˳ȥ
䡱
ҵĲĿʼ

ʥӤڱҶƿǴʱҶɫȴʼ䣬ղŵ鿴ȥʵ̫Σˡ
Σյ˼¡
ֱҪĶסˣȻһ㡣
ղô£
ҶڵĴϢţޱȡ
澹ȻҪԼʥӤɵ·һʱһ㣬˫ĿҶ쿴գԼĸоˣƺһһ㣬ڲϵ֮µһС
ȵȡ
ҶٴεתԼʥӤȴȵķ֣ʥӤϣһɺ嫵Ĳڻתš
ɵ
Ҷ̲ס
ٶʵֲ̫˵㡣
Ҷڵʵԣ֮ѾǴﵽһ۷ĳ̶ˣҪȥһ˿һޱѡ
Ҷһȹ˼ԪٵĲ꣬ȴҲδػõ̫ɴ˿ɼҶڵ֮һʲô̶ȣǴﵽһ󵽵ƿˡ
ҲˣҶʵľ
ѵ˵ղŲǴңǴҵꣿ
ҶЩ㵵
һΡ
ٴεתԼʥӤ
Ǳǿ֪Ǳս֪ĻԻһƵ˦ȥġ
ΪѾʵ̫ˣղŲ㶪꣬ȴٴεʩչװ
ʱҶȴķ֣ղŵָоƺʧһ㣬ԼʥӤεʩչں֮еĸоȴûһ˿Ĳ
ա
̲סıֿڵ
Ǿʹ߶ǰ濴һ°ɡ
֮˸ҶĿ漴ʥӤԦ֮ѸٵĿʼǰ
֮۵ļӳ֮£Χһεǿ󣬲谭εĿֲҶ֮ȴƿһЩа
䡭
Ⲩʼߣǰһƺǿʼ˲١
Ͽȵ࣬նĺܣвٵźɭȻޱȵĿΧһС
ȻĲΧϢȴɸҶһëȻĸоǲ֮ɭɭĲһеһںһ˷ë

ǰʮ·֮һҲ漴ĳֳ
⽨ΧаĲһֻ˯ħһ㣬ﲻϵķħ
ƾǺڰ˵һ֧ˡ
ҶаԵһϲ
ǾҪһ˿ʱͻȻһɲĺȴ˳
𡭡
漴һԶɺɫ˫
֮УɭȻĲϢһۿȥҪ˵񶼿ʼٵĲһ㡣
ɻȮ
ɺ˫˵˲䣬Ҷȴ̲סĽٵĽٻǲ
𡭡
Ӱ˸һĻɫӰӴѪϢѸٵĳ߳˳
ڵĹ⻪֮£ĿһĻӰʲô
һֻֻһ׹ǵӿȥеڵȮģ˸˫ĿѪĹâ
֫С·һֻֻͻһ㡣
ɭȻĹʵ൱ǿҵɱ⡣
ģȻɻȮѵ֮ΪʲôɻȮ
Ҷ̲סһ
⵹£ӿ´ݾˣǿ߲٣Լڳ֪Էжǿߡ
ɻȮԨڵȮȴ˲٣ˣɻȮг̶ȴǱҶоˡ
ʲôˡ
һ󵭵ǹϵĽ֮д˳Ѹٵĳ


2164 
䣡
ƣӿ֮Уһɱһ񣬷·ħһ㣬ʼҶȥ
ˣ
ҶаԵһȴû˿ı飬廯һӰѸٳһȥ
һΣҪˣڵԼʵԪϵΪϣ֮Ƴ׵ľѣﵽǧٱļӳ֣ƾſռ֮ƿأƾ߲ļӳ֣ҶſӶԷ̫ˡ
𡭡
һݳ
漴ԿһֻֻڳѪϢϢ֮У޷ڸǵһַɭȻǿֲǷ
ɻȮ
ǿĺܣᵽһ˵꣬صεأȴҲ޷ӵεĵز
ǿҶ꣬Էˣɴ˿ɼɻȮг̶ȡ
ʮֻɻȮ̰ſԼͣҶѸٵĳȥ
ǸоˣҶڣǰϢޱȵζ˵޷Ƶķ
ÿһֻŲΪɵĲֻһˡ
⼸ʮֻɻȮҶЦ
ˢ
ƿأѸٵſָ漴ⷽԲ׵Ŀռ֮УһеĴƺסˡ
ƿأ
Եƿأ
ڵҶڿռ֮򣬶ڷƿأϵƿأﵽһµĳ̶ȣѸٵĵ֮УԽռεذס
ռ֮ǿҲˣռ֮У޷ֿ

ﵭĺȵ
Ҳ˲ʱ̿ʼȭͷ
ʥӤֻ֣ΧĿռʱͬһһ㣬ѸٵĳĿʼݻΪһĿһ㣬ŤţÿһŤ·һ㹻Ѳǿֲǿ
𡭡
ɻȮĽȴ޷ƿصͣ˰Уһֱһ൱ǿֻҪǱǿϵģͺĻӳǵƿأΪ϶ƿؿ˲佫ֵƻ
һ걻ˣҲߵսᣬ˭Ҳ뵽ǻҶ࣬ǿ󣬶ֶϸǾˡ
䡱
Ѫ裬һѪʼ䵽Χĸ
͡
ҶٵĽЩһǵȥ
ʮ𼶵ǿߣȻֻѰĴڣȴҲ󲹵ĺܣȻΪ˵ǲģ˵ȴ൱ǿ
ʥӤƻӶٵĽΧɹЩĿȥųǧ֮࣬ÿһ൱Ũ㹻ʥӤٴεĴﵽһոµĳ̶ȡ
ž
˲һȺɻȮҶҲȥൢ飬ٵĳǰȥȻѾˣҲͲҪˣ˵Լߣ򲻹ĻҶܣƾԼٶȣȫĿ̫Ķˡ
ϣ
ĦҶǰʮ֮󣬱㷢ˡ
ʲôˣϿȣ
ݳһɽӣȻ൱ǿ
ү
ҶֱһӾ
ɽӡ
˫ֽӡһ޴ӡǡ
䡱
ƾըһ޴̫ɽȻı񳱾𣬴ĳʮ񷡣
䣡
ⱧɽӡһؼҶѧ֮󣬱˴Ĺͣʵǿز֮ȻǸӵˣһʩչÿһɽǱƿص̫ɽһ㣬ޱ
ڰˣǺܾˣ
Ҷﻺؿ˵
ԭҶŭܹѹѾ¶ˣ뵽ڰ˵ļ䣬ҶеĻĿʼ

ָ񷣬һǺӿ񱩶
͡
ԦǺӣ漴ĳһϳȥ
ʱңң֮ĵطһڲҽвѣǵ屻صѹΪ˺ü顣
Ҹֱ߱ѹΪ⡣
ӿ൱鷳鷳ĺܡ
ҶıɽӡȻֻѧӡ֮еһڿǼӳǧٱĲʩչһ
ģˣ
Ҵ޴ĺϿٵʩչͨһĺڰĲѸٵĳҶȥ
һϢͬǺڰħһ㣬֮˲ɵһеϢ

ԦǺӵҶ죬˸ޱȣһȭӶȥŭ𣬴ʮǺѣԲ֮Уһɺ嫵ܶ
ۡ
ǼǿߵڵѪ֮д޷ŵɫҶ죬һ˲䣬ǺɢǵҲ漴Ļһࡣ
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ƥ
֮ԴԴϵĿʼߣҶ˫Ŀ𣬷ɺ죬ٴε̤㳯ǰ˹ȥ
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治ʱĹ˿˿ĺۼ֮ȴҲѸٵݻţЩһǵļ䡣
ЩϿȵػߣݵõ˿϶ȷʵǺڰ˵ˣżǿĴڣƽʱٳ֡
ϿΧĸ֮㹻ĵֿסܶĽߣǲ𼶵ǿҲȫġ
˵ȺһǣεĻ뵽һν˾Ȼ˵ı̬
ż˲üһСĵ㣬ҲȥӦģطںڰ˵һ֧һСˣط϶ҪϢ
Ҷ찵ԵЩ˵ļ䣬˼š
ߡͻأģһ͵Ĵ˳
֮УĿ£ͷ·õ˳ɰǧһ㡣
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ǿˣ
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һ꣡ҶͻȻһȻоԼ洫ĲȵϢ
ʥӤ˫Ŀâ˫ֽӡٵĵƣ
𣡡
һŭ𣬺ɽӺ񷣬ƺƵĲۿɼ̬ѸٵĳⷽԲķΧˡ
籩
ü֮ҶѸٵĳѰ˹ȥֲ籩Ϣƻɢš
ߡ
һƺ˳
漴һӰٵĳ֡

ҶаԵЦţһȻǳܲסǿ겨ĳ
ȴҲڰԵĽ䱸ѣûв´ĻӦǸղɼ֮еһǿߡ

ϿȵһǿߣԷûǵֳ̬ġ
û꣬ǲģҪǿǴڵʱҲǺ̵ܶģǴȴԼĶ֮ķʽţһսʽǱǿеļԪǿ߶˿Ĳ˷ʤ

һĲֻ֣һӰѸٵĳҶһۼ
֮ħ
Ȼ
ҶаԵЦš


2165 

ԷóʹõؼΪݻа
һĺɫֱ۰Ĵϸһһ̬ħ˸ΧһиϢӶ֮Уһ˵궼ڲ
ϣ
ҶٻĶѸٵһ֮ʼ
֮ì
͡
䡱
۵Ѱ֮˵Ϣıˣǿ֮УⱬƵȴըס
͡
ռ䲻ϵѵֳռĵطһĲƻصţߵ໥ײ֮Ŀֲ
žžž
ǺӰƣʵʵײһﻺشݳ
ȷʵǺǿ󣡡
Ҷ˫Ŀ֮Ѿ򿪣εһһǲ򵥵ģȻʧȥıӻǶԷȴҲñѰҪС෴ǣԷݻΪһе̬ӵĵ꣬ԼεؽĻһһͻữߣԼſ
𣬲
Ҷ쵭˵
ߣΪСӣȻ˵ţڿҲֻһԵõСˣȻ˵ӱ𣬿ڱֶ֪Ļˣ
Ц
ޱȣЩü˿˿ĲϵĳֺΧϢһ޶ĸЧҶ춼ҪЩ̲סҪȳˡ
ǣǣ˵أƺûʲôìܿԣΪʲôСʲô
ԷֱӴݵҶ֮У
ǡү
ҶȻı˳

ȻһϿʼֳһì˸֮ì۷塣
ϣ
ǱеĦݶֻǿ߲ſһޱյ֮ս

ɫȻһ䣬Ҳ͹Գ
䣡񣡿ɲ
ǶԷģص㣬˿˿˫Ŀ֮ͷųģһ۶˸оޱȵĿֲ

ŭ֮Уһɺ嫵ѸٵĿʼ˳
ԷȻûУһȴԱԪΪĲ𣬵ȻҲֻɱϡ

ǿƺƺƵĿʼҶ߶Ŀ²·Ƥ֮žһ㣬Ŀռ䶼ڲ
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顱
ߵ֮ݺݵײһ𣬵ʱռ䶼ڿʼ֧
žžž
ҶѸٵĳź浹ʮ֮дű䣬Ҳޱ𾪡
һ򵥣
ϵĽ֣Ҷ췢֣ԼЩ㲻Է
˿ҲԼôʱĵһҲΨһһԺԼ꽻ǿߡ
ˡ
һɫĻ֮ìڻвš
顱
£һķ֮ѸٵĽΪ˴ؽȥ
֮Сӣ걾ϲһ꣬Գɳܶࡣ
¶˿˿⡣
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Ҷ֮У˿˿ĺ⣬ؿ˵
ѩɫĳһɺ˸ͻȻ뵽һˡ
Ҷһɺ죬Ȼ뵽ʲôһ㣬Ц˵
Ǻ棬һսһȥǵͷںڵ鷳ΪʲôȴҶ졭Ҷܺ棡
ԷͻȻȳԼݣҶû˿⣬ڰ˵ϰ˶ԷϢ֮㷺Լ֮пҲһͷѩѪͫҲΪĴԷҪ֪Ҳѡ
ЩǲҪ֪ġ
˫ֻصǿ֮Ҷ쵭˵
𣿡ĵ˵ͷ
˫ͻأһҶ¶ЦݣȻ˵Ĵ˵֮ѾֿˣǺڰ˵˶ע㣬Ǿսεǿ󣬺ͱԿȴС̫ˡ
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ָɿ趯Ҷٶȸ죬ѸٵĵһӡĿռ漴ֳһڰĹâЩâֱͬ۴ϸһ㣬ճΪĺɫĴڣ໥Ĳ֮УѸٵĹһγһƬ޷Ƶ
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Ҷɿ˸ⷽԲǧ׵ķΧ֮Уȴûһ˿Ķ֮һ㣬֮һĺɫѾΧεذ
ҪˣԹԵŰɣ
˫ֽӡٴεĺɫγɣΧסҶ

Ҷ찵Եһû뵽ԷȻڲ֪ĽԼС
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ɣû취ģطȫǱƿ֮أģһ˿˺۶ûУΪʲôУССȴսЩҶϵõģЩҲھ򵽵ġ
¶һḬ̃ɫؿ˵
žžžž
һžͻȻĴ˳
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ǿҵľʹҶ̲ס
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֪ҵ𣿡
Ҷһ˿Źֵ⣬ؿ˵
ôͷӲ𣿡Ҷı֣⣬û˿ӲĿסԼĻ֮۵еʹֱ࣬˼û˿ԳסҶԳסôʱѾ漣ˡ
ǰҸ㣡
Ҷһ˿޵ĹЦ
ߡ
һȴû⣬ҶǰⲻǶҶӣǶԼš
֮Уû˿ͻƣҶĴ˵٣ȴԵûͻơ
˵ɣ
Ҷ첻һ׾ʱ򣬻𵭵Ц
Ҫ֪ʲôأ
Ҷǵĺƺ纮ˮһ㣬ӳ
ҡ䡭Ҫ˵ͻأһɺ嫵ȴȻ֮Ҷϱ˳򣡿ռ򣡡
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ҵ۾ҵ塭
ոոо˲ãһ˲䣬꾹Ȼ·ʧȥƿһ㣬Ȼͬǽ뵽һ㣬һ̣һ˿вˡ
ꡪ籩
֮ì
Ҷͷųǧ⻪ʥӤĪǿĲ˲ѵĽһѻӶǽĴ̴Ρ
͡
ݳ˲䣬ҶʥӤѾ׵ĶһУɵԼ֮
ꡭҲֻʸѣ
㵵֮УҶѸٵĥ˶ԷһС


2166 ߵĺè

ҶڵĴϢţ¶һĨĲ԰֮ɫ
һʹ޷ƵĴҶ洫˳һΣʩչ򣬽ɵˣеճ̶ȴҲǳģǶԷĻȷʵǲ򵥵ġ
һɱ޵ϣͻ˲Ĵݵ֮Уһ̵ʱٴεĽһ˵ʹޱȡ
ҶȻǿ󣬵ɱȴ̫ɲˣȻΪҪһץסҶҲ²ߣıɵģϢ˵Իûκε̬ʵ廯ǰײ׽
˵ҶҪץסԷ͵ҪԼȥȡˡ
ջеġ
ҶĲ԰׵¶һĨɫ
䡱ٵıһ貣˸漴ǻͷĳ֡
ԪΪȻΪһ·ɣǽô࡭
ϵӣټϸղɵЩɻȮҶһڴﵽԪΪĵز
оԼ֮۵İ羢Ҷ˫Ŀ漴𣬳ԭ˹ȥмļһѾΪˣ
Ѹٵ˻ļ䣬֮УҶ컹ˣϿ֮вֻһǿߡ
һۺһۣ
ߵʵԪΪĳ̶ȣұһԶʨʵѪһǴµĽ޵Ѫͳ߶ѰԪΪĲ
Զʨʣһˣһޣһ˵ɲأ˵ûжԷ̲µĶ
ٶȣ˫һԽԷǧ񽣣ˣٶҲԴﵽռĳ̶ȣ򵥵ĺܡ
һһĻڵӦҲΪ鷳ģǶǰңڵҴﵽԪĳ̶ȣӦžԵİյģ
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Ҷںţһ㽨ǿΪϡ
ڣǧٱӳֵЧҶ캱ʩչԼȫ
߾εǿ󣬵Ҷڿǧٱļӳ֣һȫʩչĻǾǧԪΪĲڼӳ֣еĿֲ¾ǰ˴еǿ߶Ҫ˱ܵģ
ֻҪҴﵽԪԪΪʥ˼ǿߣҲʶһˣƵĺôʱӳѾ͹Գˡ
Ҷϴ˷֮ɫĽе

һͻȻݳ
ޱȵĽҶ϶ʱ¶һĨŹֵɫ漴ֻΧĿռһĲĿһĲƿʼֳѸٵݻΪһڶĶѨ
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һֻɫצѸٵĿʼ
ž
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ʲôˣ
ҶҲûıֱ˦ƣƴϵâ˲ĳǶѨץȥɿץסһë׵Ķ˦ԼһֻƣȭֱӵĳŶԷɱȥ
ë
ΧĻ˵ľף䲻ĳôһѽѽҶεܵȥȭͷνǴĺܡ
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㡭үġҶ졭ҡңȭˡҰ
ͻȻĴݳĲҽƺҶЩ졣
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קס˶Է壬Ҷ콫һ˳
ǺɫëҵģһԴ۾ޱԹͷŭĲڳҶ쿴ţһԹһ̬Ҷжڷë
ⲻһֱŰ˲ͼ֮кè˭
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źһԹͷŭעӣҶ쵹ЩղŵĳȭƺǺһ㡣
үģҶ죬èүƴˣ
èһܵǿ崿Ůһ㣬ĺе
ë׵ëʱѾҵ˼£϶ʹԼոյĳ֣ԭһɧ͵ģûбһ£㱻Ҷһ٣εĲŭץ
𡭡˭ʱ򷢳ô㲻úõĴŰ˲ͼ֮У
ҶĲĽһεìѸٵ׵˺èɫᶨޱȵʵ
ү
ԼצӣٿҶ壬뵽˴ʱҶǿķèҧгݵĿҶ죬޲õĽҧһģεȵ
үоһĲԳˡèһֱأ˵Ƿ˵ѪһǷһ壬ȴСĳΪһֻè
һֶȴȷʵܶ࣬Ե׳Ű˲ͼֻٳˡ
үģػղǹİɣ
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ҶֱӰ֣Դǵ˵
ߣèүţȵèүָ֮ٺս
èݺݵ
оʲô𣿡
һﲻ֪˶ٵˣ̫ʮѪϹﶼʶҶȻ֪һﲻ򵥡
Ǹط
èӶԼצӻؿ˵
Ҷ쳯ŶԷ˵ĵطȥһƬ˸λϺҶԭ̽ĵطֻ࣬ļ֮Уƺûʲôġ
ȷ
ϻǿèүıԴ֮ǸԶȴҲԸоģû뵽ȥôʱˣڵİͷˣ
èһĽе


2167 ǿ
ǽ壡
ԵǽһƬ
ΧĻУĶһƬǽ̬ʯᾲ˵ﻹٵĿϸ˵ϢûУȫľǷǡ
ȷ
ҶһεĿźèؿʵ
طôһʲôĵط
ᡭ
èû˵ñΧѰţʲôһ㡣
Ѿ֣Ҷ϶ʱһߡ
̲סüͷһԾѾһֻèֲǹ⶯̫ˣ
˵
Ҷ̲סٴοڽе
˵СİˣèһСı˵ֱ̬ǿʲôһ㡣
ү
ѾھƨɣϵñʲôһģҶǺһǷʷʵβһš
ˡ
ͻȻʱ򣬺è¶һĨϲɫĽ
ʲôѵУ
Ҷһɵۡ
ȹȥ
èǽһ
ֱӵһ棬ıĿ֮УһϵķѸٵ˸˳
Щģÿһ˫ĲԵģһͿԿĳЩǾ˼µ湴ɵģÿһޱȿ񱩵ġ

ٴεһ濪ʼ֣èϵ棬ռ֮У֮һеа֮޲յž죬˵̬ҲҶһ䱸
ôֲҶţڰ˵һǿԸоġ
Ȼʱһƿ˳
ƿѸٵĴգԵĿһڲ
֣
΢΢һҶѾо֮УݳĲ򵥡
˵ǿҲҲԪΪϢ
Ӧñۺͽ۵Ϣˡһޱȣ˺һеĲһޱߵķâǳʵٶȺܿ죡
֮˸һâҶ찵Ե˼ţ˫ĿҲһʼ˹ȥ
𡭡
һݳ
ɳʯ֮޲ĿΧĿռֳһֱƵ̬·һϵɽǿеѹƵһ㡣
ǿ̬֮УĳĲԷˣûһ˿˷ѣÿһ˿ȫ
ÿֲΪĳƺǵ͹һˡ
ҶаԵ˼š
䣡
ڵһɿµѵ˳漴˳Ҷǰ
ߵһ˺Ҷһ࣬Լ׳̶ϣҲ֪ʲôѧÿһļⶼԵЩӲӵģһƽһ㣬Ȼ࣬ȴָһϢһ㵹ǺҶǲһġ
ԷӺǰ𪣬׵ķ·ûһ˿Ѫɫһ㣬ǿԿԷϵѪһ㣬˵İһֵ̬
һͷʨӰĳƽɫϵĶš
һ˫ĿҶ죬¶˷·Ҫƻһеһ۾ͿԿԷĵıꡣ
ϵĻƽҲԿ൱Ȼֱֻֻ¶ڿռ֮еģҶǲʩչ֮۶Ŀֱֻ۵Ĺ졣
ͷ·ֻ͸Ĺһ㣬ѪԿģһɹɴʮѸٵȥǳĿԿѪܵڷķָĸط
תٶȺܿ죬ϸϸȥĻǿҶһֽײڶ߻졣
ۣѾʲôѧ
ҶаԵţڶԷٴεһΣ˲а
һˣ¾ǽˡ
ԷȻҳƵۣȻŶԷǿ֮
ȥվһ磬ѪѪģǱѪմȾһ㣬ԼģҶǸоڶԷɢһֵѪ֮
һﵽɱ˶ٵ˲ſԵ˿ɲϢ
Ҷɫ΢΢ı仯ţԵ˼š
ԷļֳһֵɫɫЩаöԷӿȥЩа
һԽɫĳ򣬻˸ţһԽɫ򣬺ģΪԷؼԵʣţǶȻĲǶԷĳ򣬶ҿȥٷ֮һӲ
ˣһ߰ĹâȴڶԷĳţÿһε߶Ŀ໥Ĵ߶ţɢţʱڱƳ
ˣ
ص۵ﻺش
˸ղû˵ֻԴ񱩶ѣŶԷĿڣһɺ嫵ĵȴѸٵͬһ޴ɽƽضһ㣬޵ǺƺƵʮŵأ
͡
͵ϢĦҶɿʧˣת˲ѣȻҶоԼļһĦС
ʵԵĸоһƻҶǿֲҲӵĦ
ÿµļһˣҶȴɵĲȥ⡣
𣿿ˣǰ󳹴ˣ뵽ԼȻһö˵ԭһУǲҲҪѧϰһ㾫أ
ۣҶ쵭Ц

ۻû˵˲䣬һâȴѸٵĳҶ˹ȥ

̹ǵĽ۳ɵĽ
ǿĿһеĴڣ
һȷǳҶɱģɭȻϢѾռг֧̬ƣ㹻˵ǴɱҶ졣
ӣ
Ҷȵ
۳׵ûһ˿һĺøˡ
򵥵˵Ҳһˣʮļ˵־ͳ֣Ҷ쵹ҲȻһȭӻӶȥ
ҶһȭûжٵĻ̬·һȭ޻һ㣬û˿ʢǶۺͽ۵϶ʼ̲ס¶һĨɫ
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ͻȻ۵Ľɫ䲻ѣ˲ˣҶΪĺ棬ô쵽ģһС˲Ϊ
ಡ
ǽ۵ٶȿľˣҺദˣȻζԷ
ֻת˲ѣȴѾֱӵĿһѸٵı䣬ٵĴյһʼ񱼡
ٶȣ⶯һǳɵģҶ춼Щһǲľһ·Ļɫ
𣿡
Ҷһ˿Ц
䣡
ϵһȭͻأĿղ̬ʱȻüᡢͦ
״¿ʼһĹʼѸٵĳֳ
ȭ
ȭڤ
⶯죡
һȭճԶѸٵĻ׵һط
۵﷢˷˲һƽʨӳıŭ𡭡


2168 ҡèˣ
𡭡
һƽʨӻģȥ׵ĺܣϵƣ£һŭ𣬱һռ䣬ŭҶΧĿռ䶼ڳ׵ıռŤѸٵڳҶ˹ȥ֮˵Ҫնһˡ
ÿŵĻһȻԶʨʵѪ
ҶаԵľޱȡ
»ԶʨʵֱϵѪˣԷǴ˶ٵ£ǻǺ˵ˣٲ˵ˡ
Ҷ˵ǾģԷԽƾãϵҲԽĳ棬Ҷ˵á
ҪԼʵһǶݵʱ֮Ψһķɣϵȥֵ꣬ļԪΪ˵žԵĺô
ҶڿȷˣֻҪһﱻԼɵˣԼΪ»ٴεٵģǶԷѪǿߣԶʨʵѪǽ۵ĽѪͳҶ˵ѰҪϰٱ
ɵǣĺô˵޵ġ
䡱
ʨŭŭһֻצӺݺݵĴҶӰ档
貵Ĺ⻪ʼɣ񷲻ϵķ
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ߵײ֮УԲĻ֮Уһжʼޱȣضʼʮ׵ĵز㣬ֱҪˣɴ˿ɼҶһȭǻӶϣĶǿƻжôĿ¡
쵰۵ɫ൱ѿ
ȫû뵽ҶʵȻ˵Ŀ£ٶȺܿ죬̲űеĽǷ˫۵񱩣ղ۵ټ϶Էĳ֣ۿ󵽣Լľˡ
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ļһ۵ﻺؿ˵һۣǽһһ޵ѪͳֱʶѪǿߡ
ǰҶʲôֻһСղŵһȭȻԼѪʼǰ
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ͣȻ֮ģ忪ʼ
ޱ߽âצ˸˴ĿĹ⻪Ҷľץȥ
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2172 󽫣󽫣
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չ鲻εȥεȥɳⱲҲ޷Աȣϣûв
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³һҶٴνԼעŵǰһ޴ĺɽ档
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󽫣
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2173 ĸԪ
һӰÿһ϶һϵƣ֮޲ʼıţ޷ݵĿֲϣȾš
һȺѪսʿһȺƥսʿһȺɷ
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˴ԼʮµģϸϸĿȥһ޺ģ
һŲ׵ȴһֱޱȵϢУͬǴʯ̵ӲʵԵø³
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һı߷ɵӰҶ˫Ŀգգ¶һ޹̬˵
͵Ϯ˸֤𣿡


2174 Ƿµծ
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һ󽫻ؿ˵
һ𱳸ʯнǿߣϴſ񱩵ƣҲһ󽫼ǿߡ
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ڵ飬ѾԽĺں棬Ǹое鲻򵥣ԽȥԽкܴĻ
ǵģҲˣǾ巢ʲôȴȻû˽⣬֮ԻҲ۴˵ĳ֣ԸԼȴҲǸı漴ͳ˿ռѷ죡
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ﵽĸԪΪ֮Ҷ죬ڱѾͻͽȫԭԪΪ̬ٶѸ͵ĺܣת˲Ѿ·̡
սһ֮Уһ޴Ĺ֮УһǿվУﲻֻبźǿߣսǿĴڣŸոսҹսʣŻƽħԳһǿߡ
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ڣЩսһļһǣѾ׵ıѹˣѡ˳ѡ˻
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2175 ҹߡ
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ǶԷҪΪ֮ĴڣеҪѹҶ죬Ҷ컹Ƕˡ

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2193 
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ȴըһ˵Ķ߿ʼص
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ҶѪһֻԴѾֱŤϾͼ⣬ʮ׵ĸ߶ȡ
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ѣ˾㵵֮УҶֱ̤£֣ٵ۵屻ݺݵѹ
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˵ĳ̶֮жǶˣڱҶ쵱һĲ̤εĲ𾪣εĲĺ

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Ҳֻһâѣȫʩչǿƿ񷡣

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2200 
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2202 ѣ
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˿ʼʩչʼѸǰ
ԽԽ˿ʼ룬ԽԽ죡

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ԷԦԼĻƽӣһӵҲǲǱӵҪСܶ࣬һǴʩչ
ۡ

һǿȻıĳȥ
ڰ֮п衣
ƽȻֻǷӳһ˿вȴֻǶҶԵģǿ߶ԣžԵѹġ
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ԾҶһȻһ۾ԹޱȵĿԼâ˸ɫĹ⻪趯ţ˲֮УҪʮ
һĹ⻪ϻۣ漴ĳһȥһε֣žųɵǳŶԷġ
ùļһҶ죡
ٵۣˣթ
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ҶȻ¹ѡ
һǿ޲𾪵ĿҶ졣
ôʱҶ춼̫ԾǿҶǿߣǸоԼѪҪ
漴ٵֻۣҪǰ׳գ֪еԭ

һŭȴݳҶһֿɲ˲ģӰľת֮УҶƺƵĳһѹȥ
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ٵ۵һĲʱѾڷʩչԼˣȴȻû뵽ҶȻǿزӵʩչѹЧԭΪ˽ô
ڣȫŵҶϣҲ˵ҶһӲĿס˾ųǿߺֿܹжôĿֲֲǣҶھȻз
ۡ
һѪٵ۵ϴŤɫ޷ƵĿʼ˳ȥ
ð
̲סĵһ
ı̬һŮˣⲻ𣿡Եһֱӷɡǿֱѡ˷

ٴεһһȴӵ
һɱղŸײеƷĹȥ֮һǿ޲
ųɾŵǿ޲ڵѪĵ˳ȥ
µˣҲֻʮλѣ
ȻǴԳˣ
Ҷ˵ȴ㲻ʲôղŵڵƲࡣ
ǿᣬʥɲһ˿󵽵ģǴﵽԪΪ֮ǿٵĽ뵽һոµľ硭


2203 ֮У
ߡ
֮УΧѹٵɢҶ建һ漴ֱӵ̤㣬֮ϡ
ΰĴ۵ʱ⻪䣬һǿ
мطһϣǴۡ
֮ˣսһǿߺͻʯǿǻƽħԳһԳʵҲ
Ҷĳ֮󣬼໥ĶһЦһж֮С
ֻ۵ɫƣһ࣬ٵҰ׵վϵѪȻղŵҶһŭֱöԷܵ˲СĴˡ
һڵΪȻԪҶȴҲԪΪ֮ͬУҶΪ޵еģսǳһأǿĻϣ¶Է޷ܵġ
۵עӣҶ⣬ٵȥԼ͵ȥȥ顣
ߡ
һ֮ҶٴνԼעŵȺ˵ϡ
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һڸһɫĳУⳤһѪۣʣ˿˿аϢת°̬൱²ûдһӦħ
һһɫۣǶԷӵҶΪ죬ԷӸҶһֵϤУԷĵȻ֮ɫڿҶʱȴ΢΢üͷƺ˼ʲô
Ӧ
ʣµһһȴҶüͷ

һϢҶϤѾ뵽˶Էݡ
ǹŮֵʱһΪµļһˣʣµһΪļһӦñǴˡ
¡
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֮⣬ǿߣҲֻҹս¼һΪС֮⣬սͶսʥߣΪԳʺս۵ָ㣬ڶݵʱٴεĽ뵽һոµļԪﵽԪΪ㲻
Ҷ쾪ǣļ𣬾Ȼ൱ǿᣬ޲Ԫĵزϡ
ǰ˴صؼһͬԪĲҪǿ
վӴƿʼչֳ·ǰǿĿһ㣬йĹ⻪
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ܹ뵽ǿߣ޲ԪΪϵĳ̶ȡ
ǻţ˼亱ľǿߣԼǰҪǿ
ԲЩǵǿȴǰ⼸ϵĲ֮ȴ̲סΪԷǿǿǾبµĻ۲γɵģȻǿȥ˵ġ
ڵˡ
һ˴ڵĴϢһ̲סĽеһʵΧǾ׵Ļ˲ıˡ
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˷һҶ춼̲סһĿ
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ɲһﰡ
ԷһģǸ˲СĺøС
ߡ
һ˵һ
һ׻ۣƽɫмӳһ㣬ĪϲͷţһɱϢתһͷĽɫ̫ʱڵ̫
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˯ﻺؿ˵һ˯ʵ̬֮УͻʱİĳڵѪ˫Ŀϵķ⣬˵̬ʱ˵һĶ񺮡
һ˫Ŀ֮еĹâԹĴһʳ̬ѾǽԷڡ
ߡ
ڵѪһ¶һĨ⣬˯𿴵Ļڡ


2204 
ʮˣÿһţϵǿߣ꿡ܣ˼亱ÿһλޱǿģÿһ˶ֻлѣڵеĻҪԼȥգ
۵˵
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һаͻȻֱ֣а˼£·ǴӾ֮©ĺһ㣬ϵܿʼǿĺâ˲ĳһĲ
˵һź۵꣬Էһ׹ħվһԹıɫ۾·Ƕһ㡣
̩̹ᣬ̲סüͷ
үģôǻҪ񣡡
Сȴе൱

Ҷ̲סĿʼЦ⺩ļһԽкøԷûжٵĻԣһ൱ֱ
һǷɫʱѿȻҲʶ֮ĹϵҲ򵥡

ϴɱ֮аЦ
Ѿһ׹ħ֮С
䣬ԷɭȻϢѾ˶ԷȻֻҪһ˲䣬Ҫնɱһ̩̹Ѫ
Ͱ𣿰ǲ㣬ȻѪûа취ȥƿ½ϣȺ˵УûǰĶ֣
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һȷʵ԰ʱϾҪҪǿ̡
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Ǻеİ׹ħûеȵȫγһ֮УһֲȭѾֱǰһȭ񱩵˼£˲ʱıһ
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ǶԷսȴСĺܣΪԷеսŵװϣҫÿһ۶㹻һƬأ㹻˵ҫжôĻ
Щȴص㣬ҫȻս΢κζԷȴ˧˹ĸǾһֵģϵĺĸϣ͵Ҫһĳ־ˣĶҲˣԷΪϺҩǴȻСЧȴǡ׳
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ӴǣСƺ൱ĲҪҪǹ֣̩̹֮ìԵĸٹˣʱȻҲˡ
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뵽һǿսڵѪҲҴ⣬һóһشŽâ֦
֦Ȼֻһأǲֱ۳̣Ǵӳ֮ռǽâ財
ȵϢŽâϵתĿһڷȼš
ɣ

ɣؼһĪ̫ľԵ䱦ڱǴɣ浮ģ˵ɣǹͨԴͷ
ȻֻǴ˵ɣİȴɵģԵؼ¸ǿޱȵЧġ
ˣеĺôҲǶĺܣνһ䡣
öĻ
˯ֹ
˵̲סһĺߣ
Ѿܲ˵Ե𡭡


2205 Ū㣡
۹Ŀ
ڵѪһ˵
΢΢ĵͷ˵
á
ȴû⣬ɣȻȴҲδܹĶⲢ¾֮Դ۵ĵλ㹻õ䱦
ۣϵı
еһ˻ؿ˵
˸ոյ˵꣬漴Ҷ˫ĿѾΪ˵֮˲Ǳڵĵġ
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ˡ
ռ΢΢𶯣漴ĿĿռ֮һǿĹ⻪˸漴ıһչ
һƵĻϼתĿԿޱǿҵڷڡ
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⻭ոյĳֳ˲ǿʧĽħһǲģʱȴҲ̲ס¶˸Ȥɫ
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ڲӡľħӦøȤ
ĵԴɫرǳ˳˵
˵߾֮ӡһԪΪħ֪Ǽ٣
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ԪΪبźǿˣĳ֣Ե㹻ġ
ʱĴ޲ĳŶԷȥ
΢΢һЦ
ȷʵӡһԪΪħħУʵû˿ļ
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еǿ߶ʱ¶֮ɫǾǲ𼶵ǿ߶¶̰֮ɫ
ԪΪĴڰ֮оЩϹȺ֮жǺģһε߾һǱǷɣҪǿ
Ǵ۵ıȴΪ֣ҲֻԵĵ˵ͷѣ漴ٴγ˿ȥʱĴҲŷӦ
߾ȷʵǿ󣬵Ƕڴ˵ȴˣΪʵƺò䱦ġ
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ĵɫ΢΢һ䣬ʱȻоˣԼ䱦ƺǼֵҲǺܴ
ҵġڵķʥؿڣ漴óһƬɫ
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ٶȺܿ죬۵û̫쳣ȥĦе뷨
Ҷ졭ֵˣ
ĿЩ֮󣬳Ҷ쵭˵ȻܵȴƺһĨڴ
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һʥɢţһΰ
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һɿĳ֣ÿһѷɫˡ
ǿֶҲ˲ڳ˰Ը̾սһĵ֮񣬵սۻս޲ĵһô̫ˣǵĶڲЩɶǶûмġ
Сӵ˽డ
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ڿһöӡ֮󣬴۵ɫȴ΢΢һ䣬ٵۣһ˫˸˸ӵĹâ
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޷ۣٵ޷۵Ķӣôܣ޷۰һȻû˵Ѫа
һʱеǿ޲ʼս۵˵ɫȴҲ൱ѿ˵۳һö޷ӡǾ˵⿪ʼһжˣ˵ֱһϷԣ
ǰ޷ӡ޷ֵܵӡǣҵҲŵģһһöӡңֻҪܹ飬һɣ
һҶ˫ĿѾʼ
۳ȫ
ʱٵ۲ٳƴΪʦ𣬶ǳ֮ΪۣȻҪһѹƴ۱ˡ

۵ﻺ³һ˫Ŀ֮иӵĹ⻪˸ƺʲô
ʱٵ۳֣ҪõԼŮٵԼĵӣΪ޷ӡĳ֣Ļġ
Ҳõ顣
޷ӡܹΨһһˡ
ڳ³һ¶һĨЦ⣬ȻΪΣȴҲһ˿⡣
ȻеһѾȥˡ
ʦͬ𣿡
ٵ۵ϴżɫе
޷ӡǱܹܾ䱦Ƿ޷ֵһ飬ʱȷʵҪ黹һΣϿ㣡
лʦȫһʦúõģԺ˺ӣҲ̷˼ңٵ۵ϼޱȵĽеһ˫ĿȴҲҶ쿴˹ȥȻģٵƺ֪ʲô

Ҷﲻϵеһ궯Ѿŭڷ˸ϵľ·һѪĿš
žžž
˫ȭıҶɷڷıȻѹƣȴЧ٣ܿҪˡ
Դ
һ˫ȴС
ٵ۳ҶǰЦҶ죬Ȼ֪ϲʦãһԴڲ֮䣬ʵǿ󣬵ǱҲϲʦãЩ㻹ûȥɣǴ۳ǻ治ȱķƷ
Ʒȥ·Ʒ
ս̲סĴ
ȴߵԳֹסԷĻȻҲڲĴ𣬵ȴԲǶֵûᡣ
ٵۡ
Ҷͷĺ
ǵȻȴԭһٵۣ̲סĴһ£ΪһǿҵΣгС
ˢ
ҶԴ̧һɺ죬Ѫһȣ
֪Ū㣡


2206 ϹΣ
ŪңΪƾڵ𣿵ĴۿֻһЩȴûһֿܹסģ𣿡
ǵЦҶĶ߻صţƵζ
ʦ˵һֻ֮УƺһѵģΪǸˣȻһΣҲһΣʦڰһأʱΪνһǧˣǸˡƺǽҶ죡䡭
ҶϵȻıʱ߽˸֪˵ЩʲôȴĸоҶϵڷıš
Ҷ졭һССԭʼԪı΢ϣȻнյΪ;磬֮дľ棬ǱҲΪƣֳƺãʵǣɿƣٵƺǾҪҶ켤ŭҶŭˣĿҲʹﵽˣǰҶϼ⿪ʼŤģҪôĵжôĵ⡣
УʦڻǴ֮Ҷ壬һúõĿģƺֻ۲ķˣ۳ԺҲҵģһĹ嶼ΪԵʶΪһƬ棡䡭
ƣһѹƲסı˳
죡
Ҫ嶯

һĽȻĳˡ
ԭڵ˵ٵۣȻһɫˣ׵ıˣޱȵѿ
Ϊʱһ޷ݵƷ·Χסһ㣬ѹֶҷޱȡ
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ٵ۵дĽе˫Ŀ𺳺ͲĹâ
ҶȻǿ󣬵ǺԼҲֻǲ֮䣬ԼҲǴˣԲŻᱻԷѹȥԼ˵ڵȻẦ¶Էġ
ڣָоͬǻɽ緢һǿƣ·Լһֻڳ˯ŭ
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Ҷ죬ٵ۵дŭеĲȴߡ
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һֻ֣һ
Ȼסٵ۵Ĳӡ

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ѣһѸٵĳֳ
һŭѪǧ
Ȼû˵ѪǷǵǵ˾ˣƺûһ˲մѪġ
Ҷ졭ڱ۵Ĵ۵սһ
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ħҲڵЦ
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ǿߵƢ𱬣ǳģȴϲ۸ˣһΣǷǱ˸۸ˡ
ȥһø˵һ£ԺϱǵұģЩѰƭöʣģѾǺı飬ȥ޹⻰ǼˣǴһֺܻƺܱĸоǸ˶ԸоʱڰҶ˵
ȷʵˣҲġ
ļˣںڵԼ֮⣬ˣ޲ŭݡ
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ϹƺǽˣҲýҵˣ
Ҷﻺ˵˫ĿҲʼһ˿˹ȥ


2207 ս
Ҷ졭Ҫʲô
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˵ղŵҶ죬ҲֻһֵӺͽ䱸ڵҶ죬ио˿־塣
һɺ죬ޱȣԷţͷ·Ǳһסһ㣬ǿҵĸоһζ
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۵ﵭ˵һ˲䣬ɫȴȻһ䣬һֻ֣ѩ񣬵ȴѪʣ׹ɭȻ


2208 ɹļŭң
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žžžҶֱۻضţס˴۵ƣһ˿޷ݵĺ⿪ʼ
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2210 ʥ
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͡
ָٴεһʱǺӿʼߡ
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һεô۱˶ҪʼľˣԼؼûбĴڣ˸ûа취õģⱲӴҲֻǴڸˣһԼŮһٵۣҲὫ䴫ȥġ
ϹǲҪ˵ˣֻصʱ򣬼仹ûѣٵۣǲܴڵġ
ǾԴҲ뵽ٵ۵֮УҶѾеؼ
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ٴεһ˵䣬Ҷɱˣնɱݽһ㣬˿ûͣٵӡ
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ƿʮ֮һķڡ
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еǿ޲ɴԼ˫ĿΪԼ뵽һִڡʥˣ
ֻʥ˼ǿ߲Ż˾µƣҲֻǲŻǿֶΡ
䡱
ƻڷıǣǴضڷĹ޷Ŀֲе޲ɴԼ۾һʵֲ̫ˣֲ˼¡
ǵʵڵĵλ磬޷ȥһоγɵġ
ʥ˼ʵô쵽ģ
ʱɫޱȲҰףҶ죬޲õĽӶڳ޷һеĳ֣һ˫ĿȴѾ
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ղŵһսѾϿֲ˷˵ǧһʱ̵ֿסȺǿߵĳ֣˷Ȼɢʥ˼ǿߵʵʱȴϸơ
ӵʱ䣡
ڣһεʩչʥǿߵҶ񶼽뵽һֽڻֻ̬ȥľȻĳ֡
һһ˿ɬϾһûǹˣͻȻǹɱˣȻСҪļԦǹȴҪһʱġ
ಡ
ƻӶ֮Уһì֡
͡
һǿߵ䡣
ɱݽ棬顣
͡
Ѫʼɣеĺڰǿ߱˲նɱĸɸɾʥ˼ǿߵǿ֮ȫĳǿ

һֳֻ׵Ǹ˴
ҶѾ̤˲˷ǰ
ɱ
ٴγ֡
û˿ĸ鲨ǻһ㣬ֻлеʽɱ¾
顱
ڵĵٴεĻӶ˲䣬ǷֱӱһìԴǱһ飬һǿǿеȥ
ǱռǼԪҲڷı

ٴεŭһ֮УʱҶϵļԪʼ
ǡͻƵļ󣿡
ս۵ɴԼһ۾޷ŵĺ
Сӡɱ˵ļԪ
۲ϵǿߣȻҶı£Ǻܿȴһǿֶ㹻Ϊ֮ġ
ɼԪʥ˼ҲĶġ
͡
˫ĿתľȻҶ˫ĿȴѾˡ
ʥ͵ģȻڵҶֻɱˣⱾȴǿǿֵҡ
ʥ͵߸ĸо൱Ĳˬ
ã
ģҪɱǣ
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ǵʵ;ȻˣǻԺҶа壬ԺڵҶа壬Ҷڿνɱ˭Ҳ޷ȥֿסһƵĴ㹻˲ġ
ˢ
ʥ͵һһ޴ĴӰʼſ
ץסǸŮˣ
ŵģĽе
ŮŮˣ
һ㶣ǺܿȴӦ˹ƻӶѸٵĽһץڡ
Ҷ졭ٸҳ֣ҾɱŮˣ
ϹΣ

۵ɫ˲ѿû뵽߾Ȼ˵޳ܣʱҶǵҲˣĳ֣ԻὫһġ


2211 
ϹεһؿҶ죬һĲѸٵıȥ
һβл꣬ҲԭϹεĲл֪꣬Ϊʲôол겻ܻٵҲˣҶҪݻһβлʱˣֻģʵȴס
һζεļ俪ʼԺ֮г֣һζεۡɬѾ̹ĵļ䡣
Щ䶼ںϵˣҲûźˡ
ϹεǲĿʼ¶һĨЦ⡣
ıЩĳ֣ʱĿʼѡ
𡭡
ҶŭһȻѡ˳֡
ӣ
۵ɫ䣬ʩչͨӿٵĻȥ
Сӣң
Ȼ֪һ־壬ȴŴ۾ͻŶԷȥ˺ԼŮ
顱
һֱֻݻΪһ㣬ݺݵؽĻС
֮УֳĴɳ
𡭡
Ҷһɺٴε˸ȴƺڱð˲١
ʱ˷˵ЧڼҲֻвӵʱҪˡ
ɱǣ
ֻһ
ɱ
飡
۵屻ɣѪ
ʵǿޱߣʥ˼ǿڣȴҲûºͶԷа塣
ڵҶѾﵽԪΪľ磬ƿظ˳֡
ã
ĳˣ
ĺͷʥߵɫѿޱȣ޷źԹǻں޵ɫ֪ʱҶ쾹Ȼ˵ķ֪˵ĻǾԻڵһʱѡܵġ
ٻǣ
ĵĺһȭԼؿڣѪѸٵ
ٻ
ʥüĵһӡǣ˲֮У貵ʼ񱩵ӿ
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飡
ǿһ
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ս۵ɫ䡣
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ز࣬ʧɫһʱҶݺݵس޴Ӱնȥ
¡¡
۳һҡΣԲʮ֮Уһ޲ޣѪûʣ£׵ĳΪޡ
ǿ֮Уһĺۼڳ֣ϵı顣
֮䣬貣ɲ
ʥ˵ƴ

һŭҶü֮䣬֮貶һ̣һ㣬ӶΧѸٵı䡣
䡱
飡
ȭʥ˼ǿߵУǾͬĴɱ˲ʮ춼ڲͱ

һĿռγһУЩڷתš

Ҷٵһĺ
˫ĿľȻ֮Уһ˿ᡣ
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͡
ɷҶһڵĳϹˡ
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һ˿䱻ں֮ϹεѾ¶һĨĿЦǺܿȴҶ죬û˿ĵӣеֻһֽѣ
Ϊңֻ˾磬ȴȴ㡣
Ϊң㻯ħѩȴȴ㣡
ΪңǧգǲϧضԿȴȴ˹ȥЩծ㣡
֮˸һĨ׷ɫһõļ䡣
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ͻأģʱҶȴȻһ٣¶Ťӣƺǲܹ֣ǲܹƺ־ڲϵĽ档
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Ҳʱ֮ϣһ޴˲Ŀʼɡ
¡¡
һɾ޴֮۳ǣ˲ģ֮һ޲ȥ
áߣ
Գʵɫ
УСӻû
ս۵ϴżᶨɫ
һȥǾͻʧģҪĲܵģѵҪҵĹ峹׵ĶϾС˵ģ
Գʷŭ
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˯ֱӵһƵĶǴۺ
Ҳ֪һﵽʲôݣһƵȻĴһģ˲ȴԷǿеߡ
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죡
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ߣϤƺٴεĻˡ
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ۡ
ѪҶֱӱߡ
ʥ˼׵ʧˣˣҶҲ׵ʧȥƿأľ˳ȥ
䡱
ڵĵһξ޴ʧ˲䡣
۳ǳ׵ʧ
һǿվϴ֮ɫ
ǿˣǴҲˡ

˲·Ϊһ־硣
ңҪˣҪʬ
ս۴ŭǺӡ
Ҵ۳ǵĵӣҵڰ˵һиݵأǺڰ֮ˣһɱһ
ۣ׵ŭˣ
֮УһʱӿǿǷ׷׵Ŀʼж
˴ټԼһ·񱼣һѰҶϹεϢһ׷ɱڰ˵ˡ
ƾŰ˴Ӱһʱ䣬ڰ˵ĵǱնɱ
ǹ⣬貣
һϵĴ½һһ㣬Ű
˵޴𣿡
һε˳
˳Դȥһڿٵıߡ
һˣÿһŲϢ˵֮ɫ
϶аǲܹȥѰ٣طҶĵطһǵĿĿɲΪѰޣҪҵ񵱳µ
һ̷Ůһ˵
ֻһ˵ѣ˭֪ǼٰⶼȥʮʱˣҶֱʧ֪ǲ
һֺε˵
ȥɣ׼ҵż񣡡
Ůһţֱӵĳȥ
⣬ˡ
Ϊ׵һ꣬Ц˵
˻
ͻأľʱһȻĳ֣ĳҲһ˵˲ıĳһ˹ȥ
һ޴ߣ


2212 ع飿
ɫ»ԵøҫģȥȻȴһļµζ
Ӵ壬ɫͫѪϢɫĳǣ³ɺɫţһУһִеĳ嶯
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ӵŶµĽе
ƺӵģ
ļޣ֮ļް
ⲻֻļ޵⣬һѾˣ
˻
֮﷢һɫͫƺڴһˡ
С
һƺǻԼʲôθڣֻΪϵԭ򣬸Ϊ⼸һϣϢû˿ǿԡ
ˡûʲôô
֮Դ֮в˵뷨
һƺڿǰ
һ̲סĿ˵һһ˿ȥҲʮ߰ģղŻڱԹǷ޵ġ
죡
Ϊ׵ҧгݵĺ
׳ն֪ʱ֮ڿǡ
ڿεɣ
һ˾Ľе
־֮£һжпܷģҲˣ˵ǻ˵ĻҲпԭģԽǵӺͿ־壬»ҲԽѸٵĳֵġ
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һ˿Ϸ֮ͫг֡
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߿ѵû֣ղǱ֮ϷҪԵǵĻͳԵˣҪȴôʱ𣿡
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Χľʱðẓ́ҷԲ֮Уһ޴ڳ
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СԴתţһ˸źĹâ
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ڵģеĵɴԼ˫۵ʱ֮ȴѾ׵ľˡ
Ϊ֮ŵģƺһѪ
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ĺܣ΢΢һ̲ס˵
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˼ǡ㻹ҪԵ
ĹĵĿһ
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죡
һеĴе
һѻ˲ƺٴˡ
֮ٴεĳǿ˹ʱһɫ֮ͫȴûʲôϷʣеһֵ⣬Ѫɱ¾Ϣ
ӡ
ʱ򳹵׵ĿʼһʹԵĻǺҪһѾѻҪҪô鰡
ž
ڵģ֮ûȥǣǼڵĽһʬ
˻˻˻
֮ʬϲţʬȴһԵĹҵˡ
˻
ڵһĲԴĶ֮󣬱̲֮סķһĽ
֮У޷ڸǵıߡ
ôˣ
̲֮סһ㵭ˮ
ƺʶһɡ
ֵļһﰡ֪ΪʲôȻ֮С
ֹ˵
һ̣֮Ķȴе̲סǳ鴤
βȻ
žžžž
ȻֱӳһԴĴ˹ȥ
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ӼĽ
̫аˡ
ọ̀
ΪԼͬ౻ʬһʱһַŭ
𡭡ˡһûأ
һ֮дʹͻȻ˲һ˵ëˢһ
˵һ˫Ŀһɺ֮дһ˿
ƺǡ˰


2213 Ҷң
Ҷ˫ĿΧĻ˴ԪȻŨҶ쿴ȴϡ˼¡
úԲݣ˾ŨԪҶ죬һֲ̫Ӧĸо
ǰı֮Ҷһֵϲá
ĵһѣȻֻ࣬һޣ֮ĹϵȴûΪʱӳı䡣
ڰˣ
Ȼ뵽֡
Ǵ۳֮УҶԪΪĲ䣬ڵ֮ҵһ˿Ծĵط
ڰ˽Ϲεи˴ۣҲȷ֮ĺǾǴҲ뵽ԼŮȻơ
Ϲε֮У˶ֽţϹ֮ԶҶޱᣬܴһԭҲˡ
Ļ쵰ڰ˵ˡҲܹĲΪˣ
лغ
˻˻˻
оҶԼϸ֮õ
ղǴҪʬ
Ҷ̲סһЦղŵ̫ˣԸûа취˲ָȴû뵽֮һβ;ǶԼһžŹ
˻˻˻
֮һ硣
찡ذǼ𣿡
Сϴޱȼɫ

ҶεȵΪǴܵ˿ռѹƺͷƻȴû˵ǿռ֮еһ̣Ű˲ͼ͵ѸٵĻס˵ڵҶֻǱѷ˶ѣ½֮УҪָ൱ѵġ
Ű˲ͼ֮ȴ㹻һġ
ˣ
˵ɫһ䡣
ɡҿˣ
һˣҶ쵭˵ʵֱ֮ӵĿԿǵټڵҶ첻ԭʵ
ǳȥɡ
䱸˵ڵǸûа취ȥˣȻҶ췢ˣǾֻóϾڵʵȻ˵֪Ҷĵжôǿ󣬵ǵ֮Ͳȥﵽľ硣
źˣҶ΢΢һһ˵ͿȥҲʮ߰ģ൱ᣬһģҶ뵽˵Լ
㡭ǹ
ҶһģѪģ̬Ҷģ
ʵһֻ¶Ұ
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ʱĴ
ˢ
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ǰ̫𣿡
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ҶЦ˵źǽģҲһֵǸ⣬û뵽СﾹȻôš
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˵ȷʵһС⣬Ǿһֲ֭Һ޵ŲСãȻǶѰ޶Եģ½طֻһ۵СԪ̫СˣԴϵ
ǰ̫ˣ
Ȼ֪ȼԺļʶ˵ǿ֮ȴԵ޷󣬴ûκһֵҩȻԴﵽ˵ľ磬ᵽеһζͿԼоͻƵļ
޷ûʲôôˡ
ҶĻ˻˵
˻˻˻
֮Ľ޴ԴҶĦĵ̬Ҫôжô
Ǻǡģٲġ
ҶЦǺǵ˵һöҩ˱֮
˻
֮һ£ʱһ۵ɵùԲĳһ˳ȥĿԲһɺ嫵ڷıš
Ĳ
˵֮дžȵɫ
Ҷ쵹к֮ɫĿźһﾹȻԸоһ㣬ѵá
ǰѵ˵һλҩʦ
ͻȻ뵽ʲôϵľ֮ɫԽ
һҪ˵ˣԭһĺ֮ɫĺ⣬ʱҲ¶𾪵ɫ
ҩʦһΰְҵ½֮Уⶼ൱ɲĴڣѰҩʦҲܵصģÿһλҩʦӴȦӣȦ޲ǿޡ
һЩǿҩʦǿ߶
ҩʦ𡭡ǰɣ
Ҷ쵭˵⵹ǫˣֶó½û˿Աˡ
Ȼҩʦ
һе޲ʼˡ
ڡ½ľΣ


2214 Ҷң
ǰʲô˼
СʵȴѾʼ²⵽Ҷ϶һλþûн볾Ĺǿߡ
ڵ½˭Ϊ𣿴ڵΣ
ΪԴҶĴ˵ʼ֮һЩһǿҲʼˣЩǿ֮вŴ˵֮еʥܣսǲϳţΪĴ˵˵½ʱѾָΪ˺üǱȽǿһɡ
Լ֪ĶһһĽ
Ҷ𡭡
Ҷ΢΢ĻһĻߡ
û뵽Լھʮʱ֮½֮УԼȻΪһ˵û뵽顣
֮⣬Ϊļ壬ҶļҲΪ½ΪǿĴڣܵǿߵıӻԼ֮ǰո޵۹ͼַȴ뱻һǿ֣߳˲ʱնɱˡ
͡
һĹ⻪Ҷ˫Ŀ֮м˳
ҶңȻȥ
ֵˣҶҲһŵ˽⣬ħ֮⣬±ǻʥЩǿĴˡ
޵۹ʲô·
Ҷ˫Ŀ˿˿ɺ죬ؿ˵
оҶ֮һĨ⣬ǺһޱȼᶨȴҲ̲סĴһ£ÿֲ
޵۹һµĴڣԭֻһС۹ƺһС䷢չģڶݵʱ֮ȴչޱѸ٣ʱ֮Ѿɵ˰ʥ۹дĹȣѾΪ㹻ԿĴˡ
ʥ۹
Ҷ첢İ۹֮ûٽӴֻǶν޵۹Ҷȴû˿ӡ󣬶ԷȻԼ뿪֮ѸٷչȻ֪޵۹Ҷȴо޵۹֮УƺһصĴڡ
۹Ǻһ޶ĴڣԲŶʱͿҲչģҪϻۣµĻ۲ſԴﵽһĳ̶ȡ
޵۹ڶݵʱ֮оͷչ˵ĳ̶ȣ˵ˣп϶Īǿ֧ǡ
µĶѻֻһִڿԺᲢۣǾǿޡ
ǿΪ֧ţǾͿ̷չʱ䣬Ҷ쿴һԵǿڳ
ԻʥʵȫĿԽһ۹ѹȥģһʥ߻Ҳһʥǿߣ޵۹ȴû䣬ȻⱳžԵǿ߳ˣȥʥǣ˭ҵļ壬Ǿ͵
Ҷ˫ĿɺԽı䡣
ʮˣӦʮ֮ǰعģʱٴӳʱ䣬֪ôˣǡ
뵽˰ӣ뵽˵Ѫ꣬뵽˾ͽǣôʱˣ֪ǹô
ǰʲôҶݣԽĺϾܹҩֶε˿ǲ࣬ҴӸоҶҩֶξԵǿĺܣǳ˵ͼЩǿߡ
Ǻǡһʮأת˲ţ
ҶûĻشĻȴһ˿ꡣ
û뵽һȥѰϹξȻķôõʱ䣺
ҺζǿռֿˣҼȻζҲӦ½ϣѰǱȽ׵ģǵץںڵܿҪ©½֮УкڰˣǵҶζ֣һˣһỹȥġ
߰ɡ
õԼҪϢҶֵ˵
ǰûиأ
õ˺ôҲоҶûʲô⣬ǻõԸٴγ֡
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Ҷ
˵ϱǹȥ˺ܳʱ䣬ȴھ֮УҶʲôʱ뿪Ķо
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ʱѾֻһ򵥵ˣһ޷Ĵڣ
˵ҶɣϹž㵵ɫƵ˵
һ˵ķӦҶĲ⣬ǵĲ²⣬ǲȥ֪Լһεĳ֣ܿͻᴫ½ģҲҶҪЧϹֻҪԼϢͻѰԼġ
׷趯һɺƣҶ˫ĿǰһУ֮дŵһ־㵵ı顣
ǣ
ȷʵǣ
֣޲˵Ҷûߴ
¥еռԭҪٱ
⻹ԼԭеǸų
ʮʱѣĳҶҵķչѾﵽһʢĳ̶ˣûҵĴڣȴҲԭҪ
Ҷĵ˵ͷ
˵ı仯ʵڴޱȡ
ˣҶаԵľϲĺܡ
ҶڵĳѾﵽ˵ĳ̶ȣΪ֮еİҶңڿ¸ǲ
֮Ҷ쿪ʼԾԾ
ιϽ߰ǣϽģٲߣСȥӥ塭
Ϊ̲֮סһҶ˫ĿϣһˣһһŮеĿȥʮӣŮҲˡ
Ů˲䣬Ҷʱ̲סݺݵһһ޷ݵогֳ


2215 һˣ
һ쵽˼µĸо·֮䣬ҶоԼѪţ޷ݵУҶԽĳ
Լˣ
Ҷзĺ
ǣ㰡
˾ͽŲɫٴνе
վǸڵ˹ȥ۵СϷǴһ˿ᣬȻͲ󣬵ȴһȻķˡ
Ҷ뵽һˡ
ӥۣ
ʮȺԱ֮еӥۣ
Ǹļһ
ѵ˵
аԵһҶ뵽һֿܣӥƺǺϹҵϹٷһʮȥˣһ˺Ҳ˵顣
ֻҶļ֮УԼĽ˾ͽǱڽɷ֮ƺһˣԼ뿪½֮ǰˣƺΪĲԾ
˾ͽ˳绹ûء
̲סĽе
˫һĶѵľԭӥ۵ķ档
ﰡľ֪ž˾µؼȥĦѾ˲С򣬴ﵽ˴ʦľˣ֮ΪԴӾ˾֮һλǿߣ
ʦһֽˣ
ǵ˫Ŀʱķâһ˵
ٲȻһա
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СѾͷֲĽ߳
˾ͽһ̬ǶʱĿЦҪ˵˲ͻȻһԼʮһͷѩǣһĿ˾ͽ顣
ˢ
ǵһʱ˾ͽǰĽ䱸
ӿռ֮һֵѹ֡
һӿٲȻһǿߵǱʡ
Сһһ䱸ģҶ̲ס΢΢һԽĿЦһıʲô˼ƺڽ䱸Լ
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ǵ˵
ʮûлصˣȻԵЩ
Ҷ쵭Ц
һ˫Ŀȴ˾ͽϿţʱķĸ̾ڵѾԿ϶˾ͽԼĺˣǵ̸лһΪ˾ͽ˳СһӦþǵĵһӡ
˾ͽӺԼʱ߰˷ֵƣԽԽһ׷ĸо
ʮûǣǲǾúܳԾ
Ҷԭľ˾ͽ϶ʱ¶ĵɫ
ȷʵǱ仯ܴ󡭡
˾ͽȫȻûн䱸ӣ̲סķ˸İۣһôôء
ʮǰˣѵ᲻֪𣿡
ε˵
ǵģʮĻ˾εƽȴҲһˣ׷ļһӦİ׷˰죬ȴƺ֮ûһ
ˢ԰һͷİ׷ôԣΪʲôûмأ
˾ͽڵķӦ˹ʵ
ҶϵʱһߣͬǷ´½˾ͽ飬ǽһЦ̬Լεȵơ
ط˰ңҲ²ûдĻĸӦ˾ͽǱڣĸӦҶᡭ
ۡҮҲܹ֪㡣ž
ǺݺݵСѾͷԴϾһڡ

˾ͽԴһʹ̲ס漴ĿŹǣĽе
ǣ㾹ȻҴңСӥѵ㰡
ûĿһۣ漴˫ĿĽ䱸֮ɫԽ
㵽˭֮УҪ֪ǵϢѣٲ˵ʵĻǾͲҪҺˣڵ֮иֿǺܶģ
Ǻǣа𣿡
Ҷ쵭Ц
Ҵ򣡡
˫Ŀâ䣬ȻĿʼ֣һȭݺݵسҶϻ˹ȥ
Ѫ˺֣
һʩչľȻѪ˺֣
֮УǵȻҶǰľѪ˺֣ҴԷĳԷһؼ֮ʱҲˡ

һȭӶ˲ĳҶӶȥ
֮УԼĿͻĽ
ž
Ҷָ΢΢һһһ㣬ٵڶԷȭͷ΢΢һ㡣
žžž
ӿ˲֮ĵ汻顣
ʱ˾ͽһԴ۾ʼùԲ޷ŵĿߵ
ȻֻһָѣԽǵ飿
˵̬ʵ󣬾Լĸ磬ǸΪŵļһҲȻĲ˵ĳ̶ȵġ
ѵǰһһǿߣ
ܵģǿҲȻĲôᰡ
žžž
һŲͻأĴ˳Ϊһ˱һɫѵĺǹһģӿ̳ġ
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ʲôˣҶֶӶ֡
ӥۻû˵һӾѾԾ𣬴ȵ
ǱѾ
ҲʱҶȴתԴ
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૵
λһˡ
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ʮȺԱ첻أ񣬲ĤݽһеĴڣʱȴĹ˵ϡ
ǣЦ£ʮȺԱκεȴǰ׷꣬Ϊǵĵ

ſǻǡ


2216 
ˮ
ǿ߿ʼˡ
ɵɵĿʮˡ
Ⱥǹ°ǿÿһλĳǿߣ½֮Уһֻǿ֯һУû˿Ϊ֮ǿްȴҲûʸ
ܹǵģֻһһһ

ǵ
ڣȴĹ˵ϡ
˭޷һУ޷һеķ
ǰ׷Ѫͫӵ˭ȻĹڵϣʧޡ
𰸡֮
ǵϴ޷ŵɫǰԼ˶꣬۾Բ·ǿʲô˼Ĵһ㡣
񡭡
૵˵
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½񻰣һ
Ҷ죡

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ģʾˣΪĪĸԵھ֮вµġ
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ҶǲĽ
ǵܵܵҶҲ޷ŵľ
һӰʼ֣֮г֡
˾ͽڡӣ硢ѪꡭȻȫ
֮дžϲޱȵɫա

ӣϴžϲͼɫתϵ˸š
Сӡ
˿˿ϲɫ
ڻˡ
˾ͽ֮аڴ
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ѪʱǱһѪɫ֮ȴżĹâת
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˫ĿɵùԲһΣʱǶ
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ž
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ŮıסҶ죬Ŀ
һ̣ǵȴþúþˡ
һڲгˡ
رסҶ죬ٴεʧһжΡ
оŮĶҶ˫۶ʱøˡ


2217 ɵ
һΣ
ģ
ҶıסԼ˵һ˲䣬ҶŸоһĻعˣԼŮˣԼĸףԼĽ㣬Լֵܡ
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ҲֻЩԼΪ֮Ĵڡ
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ҶһǿǵѾ޷̬ˣֱһĴڡ
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ûУڻ½֮УܿͿҵˣʵ翰޵У˺ڰ˵˽٣Ҳǲܵ飬Ϊǲ֪Ѿ
ҶڵĺȾƣ˵
ϴεı֮зʲô飿ΪʲôͻȻʧ
ҶͻȻһĳҶΪĺ档
ұһŴˡ
ǰǰ˵һ飬еĹ̿Ҷ춼һ־ȣû뵽Ȼ˵ĻԵ
˴Դ֮Уܿһ̳һ̳ľƱˣҶʱνķſԼûڵľˮȫ뵽ڡ
һҹʱȻľӻعȥˣҶĺȵЩ롭
»Ȼһ˵ķ֮С
˾ͽںͰӣķ䡣
ͬá
ƺֲɻĸоء
ҶϵıȴΪĴһֵĹЦ
ݡ
΢΢һʱı㻬˽ҶʵŮεȥǿ󣬵ȴҲԵ޷оҶĳ֡
΢΢һ˲ı˷ţ֮УҶѾһŴ󴲣ԵһĨӰ
׳˵οҶ첻ˣ˵ĽǰȻ޷ȥѳס漴Ѿٵǽϸ
ֻ֮Уһɫ󣬾ҹɫ֮УǺڰһƬҶȴɿԿǾ˵İ֮ɫ

ƺǸоҶĴ֣ԷСʱһĽܵСȴ㹻Ҷ˲һްĳ嶯
ٺ١ˡ
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졭
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ʱҶûлشֻסˣͷһ̽һֻĽţһֻҲûţڰӣĽϻ
ڵģŮĽش֮ҶҲ¶һĨ˷ܵɫںϡ
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Ľ˳ŷƺҪݳȥˡ
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ڰ˾ͽڵһ֮ĽҲʼҶɲô׾Ϳģٴε˰ӣĽϣһεĽ֮дһ˿ѹơ

Ȼֻһ΢ĽȴҲ㹻ҶѪڡ
أٴεŰӣ޷ƵĽʼﵽ۷壬Ҷȴûеõͷš
ҲʱҶȴһİĽСҳ˵ԡ
˭
ҶʱĴѾʼԺ˵ȴƺ⣬Ѹٵͦǹ

΢ʹҶ΢΢Ļָ˲٣о㴥ƺǸԶһĸо
ܿģҶȴҲ޷ƿϴĿУ͵ı̢Ǹֶ߳κͼҲԷ˸߷塭
һ

һҹʱƺǾӹȥˡ
̢ȴƺҲһϣھڿҪʱ̣ҶŴĺһﵽ۷塭
˫Ŀ΢΢ıպϣҲ˯ȥ

Ҳ֪ȥ˶ãһĽȴ˳
֮дһĨί漴һԶע£ҶŻ˫Ŀ
ȴ֣ⴲϣһԶԵʱޱԹĿ
⡭ǡҶɵˡ


2218 
ߡ
ѪСԴ߸ߵ𣬺ݺݵضҶ죬ת֮УʵҶЩмܲס
ǽС壬ʱԹĳԼǰһѩɫİһ㣬ˣһԱϣʱ˿˿ĺӡǸ׳յȴҲ֪һϵǷ顣
Ҳʼݺݵؿ
ʵһ⡭
ҶڨڨЦ
ҹƺںͰӣԼ˾ͽڷƸ꣬ǲ֪ΪʲôƺٴεĶ˼ˡ
ڣȻģ⼸˷Ѫǡ
ʵѪ֮ħŮĽմʱݺݵؿҶ죬Ҷ޵ѹ
ǡʲôأ
˾ͽڵüĺۼĽе

ѪҧгݵĽеǵһΣ˭֪Ҷ쾹Ȼһ㶼֪ϧ

ҶĲҽʱ˳
Ǻܿҽȴ˳ޱȵ˷ڼ䲻˿˿ԴʹĽȻģһս֮УҶԾԵٴεĻʤ
࣡
յʱҶ첻ϵ֮вࡣ
ڼĲҲһһĹ
ѧԺֵܣһ˵ĳ֣⼸һѾһǿˣʵϻڵλ϶ˣǵļ޲ҶļҶҵı־У½֮л˵ȥвǡ
۵ӣעҪˡ
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ʱĳѾλִĵǳҶԤϣԷȻǳϲСŮܰ
ܰҶ쵱ҲйӴԷ֮ΪħŮһϵҶΪĺ棬ʮʱûм棬ħŮǲôа
ܰҵĽã㲻׼ȥ۸֮ǰ˾ͽںߺߵ˵
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ۣʮʱ䣬ΪҶԵʣڿν½ĵһ۹ҲƣΪҶǳ˵ͷȥģǻʥǰѶҶѾճΪ񣬵ЩȴֻǴŶѣ
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˵ɫһ䣬оϵĵ˲ϴ졣
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ֻһűװһ˵Ļ»˹ǲϵӿȥ൱ء

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ۡ޵۹̫ˣûиһ˿Ϣǰǵ۹˶ûиһ˿ϢȻƻ˺ܾãصĺܣֻнеļ֪飬Ҫ⣬ҲǺѵģԷǿ߾ȻĴڣһʮˣ
һλε˵

ɲһĴڣҶ뿪½֮֮һԪ˾޴ĸı䣬һЩبŲĹǿǷ׷׵ĳ˳һֵ֮еǿ߾ȻҲĳˡ
ǿѾ٣ÿһ۹⼸λ
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ۻؿ˵֮дһĨ޷ڸǵıߡ
ǰĽѣֻܹˣʥǰѾˣԷһʥǿߣ
ʲô
һܰҲʼɫ䲻ѡ
ǵģʥǿߣ
֮ϴſ϶֮ɫ˵
ôӣ޵۹ѹôʱ䣬νԪˣôǿߣ

ͻأľʱһЦͻȻĴ̶ޱȣħһ㣬˵ɫı仯


2219 ʥ
ʲôˣ
һȻֱ֣ӻӶһָ
һָ̲ͨٵأң
䣡
һָգߵ޾ķ棬֮˲ǱˣǽΪۼǿ֮
֮𡭡ֶʵ򵥣Ƚ̫ˡ
ٴγ֣һ£ݻΪָƣѸٵסһʵʵľɵŤ
꣡
һǿ£֮ĽȻȫû˿в
ôӣ
˵ɫٴκݺݵر仯
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顭
Ӱٵ˸һվܰߡ
˴Լʮģϣӿü֮һӡ˸ﵽĳ־֮ﵽЧ۵ϵ
ˣ
ܰϴžϲ֮ɫ
ǡ뿪뿪
ʱҲǽȣҲѾﵽʼľ磬ʵǿĺܣǴʱɫȴޱ࣬·һĺ䣬һֺ䵹ǶЩˣǶǶ𽥵ĿʼݻĺɫӰӡ
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ʥǿߣ޵۹ôʥǿߣ
ܰҲ̲ס¶һĨ㵵ɫʥǿ߰Ĵ֮Ի˵ǿᣬȫΪҶӣҲΪǴ֮Żʥ
ûʲôܵģС֮󣬱ʥһ޵۹顭
͡
һҵĺۼͻأĳֳѸٵ˴ˣۼŹޱȵϢ޷ȥĮ
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Ӱ˲Ķ

һĲҽȻ֣һӰſĺۼ߳
ʥˡǻʥˣ
֮ڵһ޲ɴԼ۾¶˾ϲɫ
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ٴεĳ֣һĨ⡣
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û뵽㾹ȻҲˣõʥǿ߾ȻҲ뵽Ѱ֮ĵսǺܺ棬ԸûкôôȥʲôôȻҲΪ֮Ķ
ʥǵĻʥǸǿߣ𱬵Ըȴûиı٣
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ӰղŸӵᣬһɫһ㡣
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޵۹Ȼûа취ʥȴ˱ʥһ޷ܾΪԭ򣬱ʥòȥ֣
ΪӦ˵ǸҪĶ𣿡
񡭡񼶵ǿ֤أ
ôʥͻȻЦ
ʲô
ʥɫʱһ䡣
͡
ɫľͻأļ
һ
ÿ裡

һ޴ûʼֳ
ĺڰۼÿʼߵ˳ÿһεĳ޲˵Ϣ
ǧٵĸ׹ħ
ȥɣ
⻢ʥΪ֮˲䣬ôʥʼѡ˳֡
顭
ʥȭͷɿ
𡭡
һ̣ߵŭĴ
һʱɽ𶯣޹⣬һɿϯ˴أʥǿߵĽ档
֮£սսʿǣʱĲҽ
ߵĽѾΧһжƻˣ֮νǹεһ㣬ޱȵǿͿ񱩡
˺󡭡ȫ˺󡭡
ĽĽе
ʱںͶԷƴȫΪܹӲƴ
䡭
ʥһһ㣬һ޴ͻʼ֣ķ࣬һͻͻʱɵĿ
ʥ˵β
֮Ž֮ɫ૵
Ϊʲôڲڿʼս𣿡
˿еĲԾ̲סʵ
ϾʱĻʥƺǻûгսܵӡ
ʥ˵ʵȻǿᣬǲҪȴˣڿʼʱѾһʥǿˣĳ֣Ȼսʤ˶Էȴɷϵǣ϶ˡ
֮侲ķš


2220 ڰ
ɽ֮Уʥһ貣ͻһֻ޴ĻצݺݵسһĴ˲ʱıһƬѺۼ֡
һƴؿʼ¿ʼʧɫ
顭
޴ӰƥľʱѹȻͬǵһ㣬ǿ̬⻢ʥ޷ȥ
䡱
ĺɱĻʥȻһڻ壬ȴҲ˲֮бĴ˳ȥ
ۡ
һѪʱ
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ôʥޱȵЦ
ʥʵȷʵǺǿ󣬾Ȼںһʥǿսһ֮ٴκͱʥսҪ֪ʥǲ֮ʵεǿ󣬵ȴҲԵ޷ڵıʥԿģˣ
˭һأ
һֳ׵׵ĺгһ˲֮䣬ʥʱһӰŶԷ֡
ٶȺܿ죬ľˣҳôʥ
顱
һƳ֣˻ʥС
ʥƣ
ۡ
һںɫĲѪѸٵıôʥԭѪ࣬һıԴ֮Ѫ

ǿݵһƬɫĳӡ
䡱
ĳҲǹ죬ٶȿľˣһκɱ˻ʥϡ
䣡
սޱȵĲң
ƻݻΪһİ׹Ǵɽ
ȭʮǳʼ黯촷ۡ
һɽȻıһĳǳرѸٵ顭
ʥǿߵǿһ棬ժȡǳԴһ죡
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Ĵںϣȫĳ֣˲ôʥ忪ʼϵķ
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񼶵ǿߣ
Ψ񣬲ſԴﵽ˵̶ȡ
磬
һХ
޵۹


ۡ
ʥһֵֻѹ£̲סһѪǿȴҲ޷ȥֿôǿļѹ
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ĺȵ
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һǿҲû룬ֱӵѡϳ֡
өҲԣ
˵Цֹĺ
䣡
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ۡ
䡭
һ˵屻˳ȥ
Ѫ
ǵ񼶵ǿ̫̫ˣ޷γɶԱȵġ

֮ĺ
ʥҲһȴ̫ظˣҶԿ
һֻ޴˲
֮ΪΪ񼶵ǿߣǾؼˣǺڰΪȴزϿɵ飬Ǳʥ֣ǣ
ʥشݳʱϵļⶼž죬ȻһֻѾﵽ˼ޡ
һӰ֮лس֣ޱ
һ۵ӡ
ϴƣǰ˸ţ޵ѹ
񼶵ǿߣ
˵һľţ
һʱ䣬޵۹ʿ
ڸǳ
ĴһҶ𣬵أأ
е޵۹սʿķ
ۣȵ۹ǵĵ۹һģ۶ĽѾãǿ໥ĽһǴҶǿ㵹
վսϣһŵۣĿЦŵ̬εȵ
޵۹ĵ
ܰϹ޷ڸǵı֮ɫ֮ɫĽأ
ѵ𣿡
ۿ⻢ʥҪ׵ıˣҲʱһХȴڴʱ˳
𡭡


2221 

ʼû˿ЧǺܿģȴңǾʼ
¡¡
ӿ֮УԲǧ½ʼɽ纣ؿ񱩡
СС񡭡ҲҴ
ըףٵأ
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еˣ޲ޱȵĿһеĳ֣

εȵϤ
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ǵ˳ˣ
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͡
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һУһǺӴ磬˺ĴڣƺƵĹԷһؼֻҪʩչ㹻öԷ˲š
ȴһʧˣʵ񼶵ǿߣ½֮ҲԳΪ˵֮еˣҶǰȴ㲻ʲô
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վڳ¥ϵǿ̲סİһڿˮ˫ĿɵùԲǿһ㡣
⻢ʥҲ˵ı飬ǵǰҶǿֱѾˣԭһϵǿѾ֮еǿˣҶǰ񼶵ǿȴֽһ㣬һ
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˵ķӦޱǿңΪ絽ʲôӵĴڣǺڰ˵Ķֱܵ˾֮еĺڰǿߵĹϽģҶεĳģΪʲôûеõϢ
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֮Уһնɱˣָ֮䣬ʮ˵Ĵҷ
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⻹
пʼ𼶵ǿ߰
ǿߵǿ֮
һͻˣ
ʥ¶˼ɫ
ҶԽǿ󣬶Щ˵ĺôԽ࣬˲֪ǻʥȴҶ쾹Ȼ֮ˣеջ϶Ǵĺܡ
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񣡡
񣡡

һ㣬½
һʱ䣬½޲֪ˣͳưѾ޷ĵʵ
Ҷĳ֣׵Ľ½˸ıˡ


2222 ħ
ɱ
Ŵսǵŭǵ˫Ŀɱ⣬趯еıĳʣ޵۹ǿǺɱ˹ȥ
磡
ݺᣡ
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Ҷ˫Ŀû˿ĸı䣬սǵѪǵȥϵɱ
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Ӱ˸Ҷ廯һ磬¥֮ϡ
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ʱ֮˶ϴżͿĵɫʥһĺ棬ǰҶ죬Ȼ޷Ҷڵľ硣
ǰҶվͬһɽһ㣬ǿϢУ̣޷˿ʵ
˵ǿȻҲ˿ʼԽľȡ
λþòˣ
Ҷ컺Ц
һΣĵ۶ȴû뵽Ȼ顣
졭һƺԽǿ˰
ؽ૵˵ʱĲؽʵɲֻˣӦó֮Ϊؽۡ
У޷еĿֲգһúãӵĻ£ҾҪȥ侲ԴȴҲǲܵİ
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գ½˵޷󵽵ģеգ±Ҫǿ½ֱһ㣬ȥᵽеζԳɳ
ĳЩʱ䣬뿪½֮Ѿòٵ˿ʼ̲סĿʼˡ
ڴɨսսʿǣҶ૵ĵ
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ڿƺǲôļˡ
뿪֮ٴεľޱ䣬صԪĪĿܣΪֲǣһЩϹＶǿҲ֮ˡҵĵ飬ǲ񼶵ǿߡ
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Ҷĵ˵ͷ֮ȴҲ¶˹ŹֵɫѾԵĲ²⵽еԵɡ
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Ķ棬һĿֳ࣬һ޴ϵսȻȾѪȴûз

ħǿ֮һҲħҳϳӡ
ʥǿߣΪʲôҪӵĵϣħѾɽˣȴ˽ΪħǺ۸𣿡
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ʧȥһħħʸ֮Ϊħ𣿡
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һȭķѣޱȡ
Ķ֣ȫѹ飬Ѫɡ
ߡ
ϣֳһֿٵ̬໥ںһ㣬ǰ׹ħ
ʱȻ沿ûб飬һ˫Ŀ棬ȴ޷ڸǵŭ⣬ϼһǶŭˡ
û뵽ħ֮оȻʥǿߣҲ㲻ʲôʥԷȻɲ⣬٩٩̸˵
ֻҪɱ㣬ǾͿͻΧȥ
׹ħ𻺻ؿ˵ɳƣһĨ޷ڸǵĵͳ
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Ŀ࣬һ磬˭Ҳ֪γֵģ֪ʲôʱֵģǵ˳֮󣬾ԭȴҲ̲ס¶˹ɫ
ˡ
ֻ㻹Ҫôʱ𣿡ԷԼ£˵Էһ˫ĿŹĹâǴӴ֮ħһ㡣
ǵ˭


2223 ǧħ
˳֮󣬰׹ħжʱһ󾪺˵ΪǶԷһּˣȴҲܹ˵ǿᰡֻһֿع񼶣
ǵģֻ񼶵ǿ߲ŻǿϢ
ǲһֱѰǵϢ𣿡
ԷмĿͰ׹ħȻȫĲ⡣
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һͰ׹ħķӦ˹
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Ͱ׹ħĹ˵ϣ¶˾ϲޱȵɫڣۼˣǴʱȴҲ޷һеķ
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ֻǿҲֻ½Եģ˵һ˶ԳΪڵ㾳ġ

ݣӿ
֮ϣܵĽ˲仯УֻʥĹâǵϻ
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ڵľϵĹϵļ⣬һеһУȻ˲ʱ̾ͱ׵ĵ˳
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ҶһȣƾʵһȺߣֱͺϲ࣬ϣޱȵľͿֱӸ㶨Է
Ͱ׹ħߣʵǷʱնɱȺ˸û飬ǿߣӵ˳ʩչԴԴϵĿʼ䣬ߵΪֹ޷š
ħħ
һںһʥǿսȴû뵽һƳ֮оȻҶĳ֡

ħĴħ
ɡ
һʥǿۿŰѸٵĴȥһȭһȭķԲǧ׶Ĳռһı

Ҷﵭĺȵ
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Ҷ֣Է䡱һըˡ
Ҷڵǿ֮ȫĿƾŶƿشﵽһľ磡
ħˡ
İ޷ŵĿҶ죬ڿһһ㡣
Ĳ񣡡
Ҷĵ˵ͷ
ôǿһӳħȴԵֿôʱ䣬ɴ˿ɼģʱû͵
ȫλ֧֡һм˵
Ҷĵ˵ͷ
߰ɡȺ׵֮ȥϸ̸̸
˵ģҶʱһĻԪѸٵĴڼ䵽˷֮һе޲ע뵽ħĵ֮С
䡭
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ضҪˡ
Ҷڵס
һǿҶʩչʼˡ
˵ʵĽ뵽񼶵ľ磬ֶμֱǺͺˮԷһļ򵥡
ǿҶ֮Ҳڿһ񻰼
ֶΣֱѾ˰

Ҷ編ƣһȭɱ֮ϣһĽƱ֧顣
٣ҲǴ٣
ҶĽѱЩνĴҪǿǧ򱶲ֹ
ɱ
ǿ߸ǿڰ˵Ⱥ˴ʱѾȺײ˵ͻȻһȺǿߣǵǽһư
ɱĿ޵ﲻ˵ǶԽսԽǿ⻹εȥս
ǶһȺߣͶҲͬǵģնɱΨһĽ
ǴɨһսҪȥһǵǧħ򣡡
һи㶨֮ҶŻضǰ˵
ǧħ򣿡λɫ΢΢һ䡣
ǧħǿǿ̹ģ൱Σգ뵽Ҷǿ֮漴ҲȻˡ
ƾҶڵľ磬ӦССĵǧħ򣬸⣡


2224 ħ֮У
֣
һƬ֣
뵽ҶǺķ˺ôڣȴƾԼֶɵĽ뵽С
ҾѰҵĺèģصĶ²ֻкèһ
Ҷ΢΢һؿ˵
طϢǹŹ֣ȴҸоһֵϤУ
̲סĿ˵
Ҳˣ
ԭɱ䣬ȴһֵϲú޷ڸǵļԭһֱ൱ĵģȴ˵Ĳ㹻Ŀĳʱڷı仯š
ѵ˵طǵıԴ
̫ʮѪ
ɣѵ˵Ҳоˣ
Ҷﴫ˾ȵ
Ӧô˵ģǸһﵱҷӡ˵ҵԼָԵ
̫ʮѪѵõļޱȵĴ
үģè׬˱˲˵ƨƨߵĵɪţž͵ۣȵүָʵʹŰ
̲סֹ
ͬ
ԭ˵ֻһ˫ĿȴƺǴ˿˿Ц⡣
ĻǾе˼ˣһûа
Ҷ̾˵
һΣ൱ˣܹطѰҵǵıԴԺ齫Īתģ⼸һʵҶ챾Ҳ޷ȥԤ⡣
˵èʵһԾΪ߸ԪΪĲǿɲǼ򵥵ˡ
è̫ʮѪһǿ֮У²ǿġ
Щһǵʵжôǿ
Ҳ߸ԪΪɣ
һõǵ֧֣Լʵȥġ
ȷ𣿡Ҷ˵
Ӧˣطǹ죬Ӧ˵أǸо⹬طһ̫ʱڵĲ
ϱ
Ӧһ֮أЩϵǿ޲ˣ֮أʧ֮أ޲ǿ߳
̫ʮѪ˸ǿҵĹâؿ˵
²ûдʦҲӦǱ͵ʧ֮ˣʧ֮ΣյĺܣµҪȥѰһ
ԭͻȻĿ˵
ȫĲҪֻҪѰҵıɽԽ
̫ʮѪĪĿ϶
ֻҵѣѰҵġ
ԭ֮дһĨĹ¼š
ȷʵôʱˣȻҲֻ񽣣Ѱҵѳ̶ȿɼһߡ
ҪֻҪѰȫͿѰҵСӵʵڽ뵽˸ǿĲ֮Ѿƿصˣʮ˲ĵ׵ĻָõѸٵѰٵģ
̫ʮѪҶġ
˻˻˻
һͻأʱ򴫵˳һ𣬺ȻҶΧźܶߡ

Ҷ˫Ŀ׵磬͵ļըһ㣬Ѹٵĳܷը

ڣһ޷ݵƿʼ䳹

ƿֵҶ죬ϴϵ
ʱʩչ˼£ϵѹЧΧʱ΢ԼĴһֿ־Ϣ
λߵϢЩ߸ûȥͶԷġ
ˡ
Ҷüģ֮˸һС
䡱
Ϣ֮УԼһɺ嫵ƺչֳ
䡱
һǵĺۼͻȻѿ·Ƕħһ㣬ѿˡ
ಡ
Ҷ֮ҲʱҵԼҪĶҶ˸ѸٵĶ뵽޴ѷ֮С
ѰҵèʱҶͶԷһѰٹǸطѾûˡ
طķΧܴ󣬴ĺܣ֮ΪǧħȻĲֹһطˡ
ΧһƬɫҶͬ׵һ㣬ٵڷ裬ΧѺԽԽҲԽԽԣڵģҶٶȼӳֵһ̶֮󣬲ֻǼʱ䣬Ѿǧ·̡
ಡ
飡
³֮С
طҶ쵱èʱβ࣬һĺۼת
ͭߣаĹͼŰޱߵϢ
𡭡
һ񱩵ŭʱȻĴ˳
ǵϣһֻ޴Ҷǰ
Ȼħڣ
̫ʮѪȻ쳹˳
ħڣ
Ҷ΢΢һѸٵѰٵ˶ԷϢ
ħںڵ֮࣬ȷʵҲϵԭһȣħϵϲڰų͹Ҳ˺ַ
ӶһлȥӴ֮ҲϿɶԷѪ
ٴεˡ
ħڵͣ·һɽһ㣬۾һ㿴Ҷ죬޲õһҶȥ


2225 ȸ
ҿˣ
Ҷһվ˫Ŀɺ죬ؿ˵
ѪѪҪѪ
ͬһħһ㣬ϵĴݳΧĿռ䶼ڱޱȺа
ɱǣ
ԭﵭ˵
д⣡
Ҷ쿴ŶԷ̬ؿڡ
һԾǸѪļһִڣҶǲôϲ
͡
һҫĹâ֡

һ֣ȴ·⣬־һ֣Ϊʵһ㣬ݺݵض˶Է塣

ħڵ﷢
̫ʱڵħȻø˵³˭ԭĿŶԷ壬˵
ħڰϵаޱȣʵȴֱڲ̫ˣû뵽ûдȥˡ
һĨį
ǶǹϵĴڣȻĿߵЩͬһʱ䣬Ϊһֲ
ǰصľޱ䣬µĴһжᷢıģģֻǼϵʥˡ
ʥˡ
˫Ŀ΢΢ķɺ죬Ҷʥ˼ǿԽĺƺӦֻкٵļʥ˼ǿߣԼ˷Ǿ֮еһʥ˼ǿߡ
Ҳ˵ʥ˼ǿ߶ȻĲôλģУԼϵķģ㹻ɱһУΪĻȻĲǼΪϵʥСǸǿᡣ
Ԫʱ
ƺǿҶ飬ԭﵭ˵ֻ֮صĲȴ
ԪʱҲΪļɵġ
طصϼһﲻ٣ҾǷ֮֮УȱƾǵֶΣȴҲܶ࣬Сһ㡣ıѵõ˵
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Ҷͷһ˫Ŀȴ˿˿ĺ⡣
ڵĲںȺһǣʱȥˣȺǿߣǵεǿ󣬵ȴҲԵĲ˵ĺñŵΪġ
˵ָӣǾͲò䣬߼ķȥ
Ҷش˳ĺԶһ֮ͨУԵøҶΪ֮
ߡôĿ
ͻأʱһŭ
Ǹ£ְԵȴûа취ڸȥ
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ԭɫݺݵһ䡣
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˭
Ҷʵ
޲飬ĺʱڣ̫ʱȺ۶һ˵õؼ컯صһҺʥ˼ǿ߽а壡
ԭﻺ˵
˭Ȼ֪ҵݣ
ٴεĳ֡
˭ѵ˱һնϵ𣿡
㣿㾹Ȼţһصǿ߾Ȼϳԭݡ
ʦ񽣣һնɫ⣬ȴû뵽㾹ȻҲˡ
ԭﵭ˵յƺٴεı廳
ߣ֮£Ҳ֮ѡ
Էܿÿ
ɫ⡭
Ҷϸϸľ׽ĸ֡
ͻȻԺ֮һĺۼҶ쾹Ȼ뵽˶Էݡ
ѵ˵ǿȸ
˵Ĵ˵ڵҲ
ǿ
̫ʮѪĴݳ
һսҲ˰
ԭﵭ˵˫Ŀ֮ƺ˼ʲô
֮˳ۣȻĳˣû뵽ȴһССķӸݺһѡ
˵
ʥ֮µĵһǿߣҲ˲ˣѰʥ˼ǿߣҲҲ㲻ʲôȴƫƫǵЩһ֮أ϶ɲǳصġ
ȷʵˣҵɫҲǰ衭
˿˿ɱ⡣
ȻһսƺֻǳԿġ
ôҪҪ
Ҷ쵭˵
˭
ԭһУȻ䣬ȴ䵱ǿߣǶҶ죬ָ߰ȴڸǡ
һ󱲡Ҷ쵭˵Էĸ߰ϲ
ﱻˣɪ񰡡
ƺһֻ񣬴ȸ
Сӣܹųˡһ
䡭
Ҷֵһȭһطֱɱȥ
¡¡
һķ˸ƺʲôҶһȭ֮п⣬ʵȴ̲ޱߵһȭ֮£ʱЩıĴΪ촷ۡ
䡭
֮ش˳
˲䣬ɫ˸
ռ䡭ѹƣ
顭
ûеȵԷɪ٣Ҷȴֱӵĺȵ
ռ䷨תʩչ˲֮У屻ѹ
Сӡ
һıȷʵܿ졣
ֱӵĴһɫ⳯Ҷѹ
ռ䡭籩
Ԧſռ䷨Ҷʩչͨ

ɫ⻹ûпҶϣʱ֮С


2226 Ⱥ۳Դ
ƣ
ﵭĺȵʱһɺ嫵ѸٵĴǿһֻεĴ֣ݺݵػҪڿշһӰ
һֻ˫ĿڷɢţΧռγһ޷ڸǵĿֲۼס
ɴ˿ɼһɫжôĿֲ
һֻεĴȴݺݵĴ˶҅ϣĴʼγɣһӰѸٵĻһһ㣬ײΧɽϡ
顭
ɽѣһʱģɽʯʼضò˳ɰǧΡ
ôܣ
ݱ¶
Էȥһʮģӣһɫۣݿȴһѱ̬˫Ŀ𣬴˿˿ĺâĿҶ죬̬ǴҪĶ֡
ҲǰôţƣڣҾȵ㣡
Ҷޱȣ˵ƶſؿ˵
ߡ
ĺһû˵һҶ쿴̫˵㡣
ҲΪԷͷ̫ˡ
Һʥ˸ɼܣеϢƺǲС
Ҫʲô
ĿҶ죬ؿ˵
ҲʲôҾ㣬һɣԣҵߡǧ꣡
ǧ꿴ƺǶ˵ȴҲֻǵָһӼ䡣
ĺܣҲҶ˵ĺˡ
ܣ
ҲûֱӾܾ
㲻ͬ⣿
һɺ͵ı˷Ĺâ
һĵʶҶȻͣҶȴҲʲôƼңʲôôûУҶ첻ٴεĽӡ
ңĴŰɣ¾ٹʮҲģңĳ̶ȣڵΪԭһɣ°ȥǧܹ꣬ȥ𣿵ʱҲһһƬ׹ǣ
Ҷ˿û˵Ļֱӣҷĺܡ
꣡
ĺ
ǧ꣡
꣡
һǧ꣡
߰꣡
һǧ꣬͸
ҶĻٴεˣһﻹںԼּۻۣ
ɽ
һĨЦݣƺڵ⣬һһӣ֪ΪʲôҶоԼƺǱѾĸء
ﲻһɣ
Ҷﵭ˵
мһʵҪһʱղſԷӳԼ
˫ĿһĨ⡣
ƺ뵽Լ˷ӡʱ⡣
Ҷĵ˵ͷǺܷĵģԷȻӦһǧʱ䣬Ǿһǧ꣬ԶԷĸ߰ǶȻĲ˵ġ
䡭
ٴεĻӶƣ漴һǿߣƥƹӿɳīа졣
һɫһǴž綾
ȴҲԪˣƾҶڵֶΣǿԪΪľ磬ӦԷ൱׵ġ
ǧٱļӳ֣㹻˲ɱһ
ķ˵Էշ֮ҶڶԷһӡǣһӡΪֻҪһ΢һ쳣ҶԻ
衢ħޡʥ
ĹǿһһҶշˡ
һʮһſڵʮһ
ܹôʱ澹ȻԼĴȻǶԼܣǶЩҶҲģڵҪĿβЩ
ʮһһÿһޱǿеһķӳԼȫʢʱ㹻ĺʥ˽а壬˵Ϊȸǿʱ
½޷ָԼȫʢʱڵģŰ˲ͼ֮УȴԴﵽһ㡣
䡭
ҲҶ콫Щǿһһͷų֮һֲıȴ˳
ķͬǷһ㿪ʼķĵм䣬һöȭͷСˮ֮С
ҵıԴ
ԭ˵
顭
һƬķ˸һӰѻһУγһ޷ȥĮӵĴڡ
ҵıԴ
ϳ˾ϲɫ
֮أȻһıԴ
ⱾԴǵĸһ֮Ѱҵŵǽ˳ɵʵ
ҵû
̫ʮѪﻺؿ˵
޷ħ֮е˭Ҳ޷²⵽ıԴ֮ʲôطֻҪȥѰңһҵġ
Ҷ˵֮дޱȵġ
ƾڵʵȫԴ̽ⱾԴġ
иоܿˡ
̫ʮѪһǿ겨ͷų˿ֲ֮Ҷţ̲סĲһ־֮ɫ
ƺǸо̫ʮѪ첨ҲʱԭıԴ˲ںϵ˲䣬һǿϢ͵ѹͬǺһ㣬


2227 ӡǣ
ɲ
ҶɫȻı仯
ɲϤޱȵϤǵӡǵϢﾹȻŵӡǣҴⲨöӡ֮ϡ
ʱ˸ͷһϵĻʹڣϵĹ⻪˸Ҫѹȥһ㣬֮Ļȥ
ˡ
һ޴ķӡ
һֱ֪ǵĿ֮ҶɫȴʼЩ
޾ķ
֮ϣһޱһ㣬ϿֲϢѹҶ춼о˲Свǰƺǲϵ׳ţ𽥵Ŀʼһ޴һ㡣
һȻǺͷйϵ
Ҷ˵
˺ͷ֮ĪȴǷڵĵӡ̫ʮѪﻺ˵⻰ڱ֪ˡ
𣡡
ԭش˳
ƺޱ飬ʵϣ˫Ŀ֮ȴž֮ɫݣȻûв²
ʱԭһ޷ݵĽ磬ЩʵʣÿһŲͬζЩϢںһȴֲͬϢ
ʼɡŭ衢̰ʳĵ
ǿҶΪڿ˶Է۵Ľ֮Ҳ̲סĳĲ˿ɲĽ⣬ǼӳӶȥԵĿ޷ȥģĲǿ󴥶Ҳ˲ĵ˵޷ȥ
ӦþǶԷֵԭڵ
ԭʵʱҲֻ߸ԪΪѣǰ˵ȴǲ˲١
ƵϢҶ˷˵ĲϵĿʼ񱩵й
֮ʱһֶŵ̬
ʥ˼ΪȻʥ˼Ϊ
ҶԽľ
û뵽㻹ǵҵ֡
ﻺؿ˵ʱƤЦ̬ƺȫʧˡ

ȻǴ˵֡
һޱа֡
䡱
ϵƲϵӿһΪϴΧԪĸı䣬ƺҪϾһ㡣
ѹƣ
Ҷĺ
ʱĳϾ죬Ǿǿ߿Ҳ֪ģҶ첻֪ν𵽵ʲôݣǷǿһоĴڣ²ҪƬ̵ʱͻᱻǿߣǷʥ˼ǿҲֵġ
¡¡ֵĿҶһۣʱǰĴӰǰԦһ޴ĺɫΧЩӰǾȻĤݡ
ֻĤݣֱӾڹݣߵףڳƳ
һﵽǴʲô
ܿϵϢȴѸٵ˻ȥ
ԭǴһٳǾģ˰ɣ
εĿЦ
ƺǷڵĵӣƵķӾͿԿĳʵʲô

˵
ǷĶĶ໥ں֮ģϸ˵޵ģʶûб𣬷Խ׳˷Щ޲־ңѾǧҪѹȴû뵽үʴϻۣرӻٴεĻˡ
һƤЦģٴεĻָ˹
ҲҶ찵ԵһĺһΪеĻԼڵʵ˵Ϊѵġ
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һǵޱȵԭʱҲЩޱȵӡ
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¶һĨѵ̬˵˫ڷŹâģôô
ǶһҶȴΪε˵
ܲܲҪװˡ۰Ϊ̫ע⣬ķʽ˵ע⣡

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ǵǿ󣬼ֱǲĴڰ

΢΢һ˲һɺ嫵ܿʼڲ˳
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2228 ħڣ
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Ųؽһˣ֮˫Ŀɱ⣬Ҷĵ˵ͷٴεĳԼħǿȥʱ˫ĿѾɱ¾ռݣҲҶҪЧ
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ͳɣڵǿ߷׷׵ĳˣвŹޱȵԺգҶǿ󣬵ȴҲԵûʱͶԷаģϾһʲôãҶ죬ȻҲ᲻ˡ
ߣ׳գҶ쵱ΪǿߵʱŶ󣬾ĳôĹǿߣʮʱ䣬Ϊ֮Ҷûн𣿡
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2229 ѹ
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һ޴ƣĴͷ·̫ɽ֮Ȼı䣬
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ģħɽ㵨˵ķջǶȻҪնɱ㣡ħɽ֮УһŭȴһƬɽӣеڣȻһ𼶵ǿߡ
һŭȵ֮޲һƽħɽǲɽ¶ˮոյĳֱһ𼶵ǿߣ˵ֶҲڵĿʼҶĻǺڰ˵ĸݵˡ
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΢΢һʱָΪһָ
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Ϊͼһ޶磬Ҳа塭
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ħڣ֮ĴڣţҶ죬ΪȴħҫΪһ첻ɣ½ģ
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աһͺһˣڰˣܹͶã
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һźɫ۵ǿı˳˲䱻û޾֮УѪⶼĥ
һͰؽ̲סԾԾԵĽеûʵһźɫ۵ļһÿһλ񼶵ǿߣôǿ߳òؽ̲סİľЩǿֵĻ˵½ǵġ
ѹǵѹ
ǿȺ˿ȥֿ˵ģҶһ㹻ɱɾ˵ǵĴɱ
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䡭
һֺֻݺݵسҶĴ
һֻ֣䣬Ź֮ܣ·һһ㣬Ĵǿߵϣ˲ͻᱻɱ
ͨǿߣ
Ҷкݺݵһ
Ȼû뵽طȻǾǿߣǿߣԼûгֵĻ½Ǿ޵еĴڰ
ԷҲĺܹܵס
Ҷ졭֪㣬ھڵĺȴҪСҺڰˣ
شݳ
һĪĲ
ĺâ˸һѾѹƵҶ
ߡ֪ĿҲֻǰѡ
Ҷһ˿⣬ͨǿߣȻǿֶģǰҶȻ֣ڣҶʵﵽԪΪĲ𾳽硣
ӦһССȫġ

һŭȣʱǿնĲ
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ɡ
Ҷ֣һĴȥ
顱
ڰеǿſռŤ˲ĳһƬѪꡭ


2230 
䡭
Ҷ˫Ŀɺ챬ƴȭÿһȭԺһ񷣬ϵâÿһһƬġ
һδεĳ֣գ޷ڸǵĳһ߰ϸĺɫѺۣе©ǽһƬĿռ俪ʼȾΪһƬء
ÿֲ
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һˣѹڰˣ񼶵ǿֶ߳޷ȥֿУνͨʲô
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ЩԵľħɽһߡ
һɱУĿʼʩչݻԼΪǿ½ᱻ˲ݻٵ½ܹƿص˵ܹ½Ǿĺڰ˵ǿѹġ
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εǿ󣬵ȴҲԵ޷γɶԿģǿĿռ֮ѹ£ܿ죬ǱǿеɵΪԴ
ǿκεһǿߣҶ챾˶˵ԼԺ档

Ŵɢʱħڵȫ˳ңʱΪҶƻħɽ߳ҵĳ̶ȡ
ҲΪĴڣ˵Żҵ
籩
ȫҶԵĲŹκεһˣ޴籩ʼչֳͬһƬľһ㣬˲ɵĿĳΧʼѸٵѹ˹ȥ
ԵѹԵƿأǿ֮Ҷʩչؼ籩ҪķѶٵ

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͡
Ҷ֮ʼʱ籩ֵһƬΧͻȻһ춯
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Ҷд󺧡
ܹѹסģֻʥ˼ǿߣ
ܵģʥ˼Ϊȴ𲽵Ļָ֮УصļһĶɣʥ˼ʵ˵ùȥ˵Ĵڣ½Ȼֵڶλġ
ҵıԴ֮
̫ʮѪͻȻ
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˵ĲȻ̫ʮѪıԴ
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ʥ˼
һﾹȻҲʥ˼Ϊ


2231 
𡭡
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·һһ㣬һ˲Ҫ׵ıѹ
ҪҵˡӦ
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Ƽӳ֣һƵֻȥʲôڿʼʱҶ籩ҲûнΧȥоϢ֮£͸ۣ֮ǿ˼Ӱеһƺ֮Ҫҵġ
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һսӽˣħ˲ϵĽһЩµıˡ
½֮һʱ޲ħ׳٣Ҷ˵֮еģҲвֵǿ
ħڱϾһֱԾӣҶħħ֮˳֮Ѹٵıˡ
ЩǷǵˣҶҲģڴսҪЩǲȥΣǾһȺȺ֮Ҷɲ顭
յʱ䣬ħ֮Ȼ֮УȴҲ𽥵ɢˣ֮ҵİ֮ˣȻʱνֲ˼񣬲ҶǾĺڰ˱֮У϶õϢģҪһʱĻۡ
ħڱҪٴεȥϢǺѵġ
Ҷ⼸ڴĻʹ֮жȹŻص˼֮Уȴû뵽⼸յʱУҶ췢֣Ҷƺ£ȻϹЦݣʵȴһĨ޷ڸǵǡ
һաҶûס

ҶʱڶŻ԰񣬶ߴҶļæתƺڸʲôһ㣬ϴһĨЦݵ˵С찡
ҶЦݺǿһ㣬Ҷǰ׳նĲ
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С졭˵ڻȱʲô
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ԼĸףҶһֱΪĺ棬Ҷ˵⣬Ҷ챾Լĸ֪Ҳ൱١
ĸһϵļˣĵλԺգʵҪǿĶ֮࣬ȫİš
˵ԼİŮˣҶ̲ס¶һĨ̬˫Ŀһǿҵļ
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塭ĸˣһޱǿĹ壬Ȼ½֮к¶棬ȴںܶĴ֮Уĺܶ࣬壬ȼĻֺϸ񣬶ѪҪӵĿ̣ĸ׺֮鱻֪֮Ǿˡ
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Ҷ˫Ŀ΢΢˿˿ɺ졣
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ɢ˵ıնɱԼŮ˵İ󣬸޷ǻһˣͱˡ
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ҶҶ̲סĿ˵
еɱȴ𽥵ͷţҶĵﱻٻֵģûʱȥ𣬵ڣҶѾˡ
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塭
Цһ˿˲˳


2232 ɱ
壡
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ϹʱĴУؼ͹ϵǿС
壡
һޱǿĴڣҶսһƽħԳһ壬Щǹϵ壬ǵĴкµĴѾЩڴﵽһ޷ĵز
˵崫УǿȻ޷󵽵Ŀֲ;˵ģȻǺٵɽ¶ˮȴɷϵǣ֮УһǱԼ㹻ǿߺΪ֮ա
ǹ壡
壡
һִڡ
ҶһİɫۣƮ˿˿ǰһ޴Ķǣ΢΢ĳ
ⶼǵΧһ㵭ĽɣһĽΧƵܴ󣬴ĳ棬Χǧķ˸һǻΧ˸޷С
ǶҶ˵һȴ㲻ʲô֮ȫĿĿһеĳ֡
û뵽õ壬Ȼط
ҶЦѡ
͡
ৡ
ƿͻأʱ
ߵٶȶܿ죬ϺǾˣǰߴһ񽣴ƲϢһǴŻء
ڵĳˣ
ǰ˴Լֹ֮ͣ
ߵӰҲ𽥵Ŀʼ˲١
Ͷ̫󣬲ʮģһΪȴ˵ĺܣ߾ȻĶﵽľ磬˵һΪ㹻ŵһƬˡ
ɴ˿ɼǿ᾿ﵽһô˵ĵز
˵һҪҪúõһ߰
һ̲סĿ˵
Ȼףһ˫Ŀ֮ȴаϢһͲʲô֮
ϴοɱһ尡ΪǼѾˣľ군ˣ㻹Ҫ棿
һϴЩĲ֮ɫ˵Ǵ˵һһĵ۰ӡǣҲöԷԵ൱
ߡ㻹˼˵ңǸСǺ˵˲Ҫ̫ģ㿴˰ɣ
ҲԹҰ˭ŮôķɧⲻһûѳסζĸоǺܲ
ߵĻ֮УԵĴһḡ
һΣ󽫿ѾˣһҪɱǵҶϾ²üĺ·
˫Ŀ֮ɫ˵
ЩһֱעǵĶڵǿǲӦҶǿ߲٣ŻʥǿػҪŪԷĻҲ൱鷳ġ
УһҶң㲻ʲôҶ촫һҿҲˣҪˣ񼶵ڣĴҶҾԻᱻģ
˵˵²üǲʶ̧٣ôĳȻǴ˦ɫ峤ͱչزʮˣʲôʸɫ²üһ˰峤Ůݣһ󽫿ϵŮˣͶˣģǰѩļǱʡġ
͡
˵Ļﻹû˵꣬ȴȻֹ
Ϊ˷ܵϣʱѾ𽥵ıʹ;ˡ
ৡ
ϣӶͷϿʼһѪ
һ˫ĿɵùԲ޷ŵɫѾ׵Ĵı顣
˭
Լͬı仯˫Ŀݵ̲סķһĺ
ž顭
ѪҺ䡣
ǱԴӣȻƾյըˣըѪģĻ̲סĴޱȡ
һΣǺεȵľ˰
ԷϴʱѾʼ鴤ܿһˣûκοصĵط
տܣʱҲʼԵԽɭͿֲϼ鴤֮УҲڿʼϵ໥
ʲôˣӳʲôӢۣ
ڵģ˽Ҫһ㣬Ĵ
ߡ
һ͵ڱ󴫵ݳ

һĲһ˲䣬ȴͷҲصĻӶȥеǿͬҪһ㣬ǷâֱӵĻһ㣬ޱȵĻ衣
ǻĶ֣ᱻ˲ĻУһ֮󣬾ûʲô³ģҲڶԷӶֱ۵һ˲֮䣬һֻȴ
һֻ֣ǻʵȴ൱Ѹ١
ûа취
ž
ȵס˶ԷĲӣǽһ˲

꣬ϴŷɫ;ޱȵĻߣĲҽޱȵ
ǰһ˳
ѩɫĳ趯һֱޱȵϢһصĺѻһ㣬ޱȵĺᡣ
һ˫ĿǴ޷ڸǵŭݺͺ⡣
·֮ϵ̰һ㣬ɷˡ
ˣҶ컹˭
Ҷ죬ڵϢţͼҶ֮ʵεܹҶԿ
ȵס˶ԷĲӣҶĿŶԷ
ߣһ·׷ѰģԭڿǷ֣ȴû뵽һﾹȻ˵İ࣬ȷе˵һ
²ûдһ²üǾԼĸס
Ǹûмĸס
ȴǾȻԼĸףҶаͷԻҶҲ̲סĳˡ
壬£˾ɱߣҶҲģҴӶԷ֮УҶȫĿҵԼҪĶ˵
ֻĻҲͰˣҶϵǣҲȥնɱߣǲȥԼĸףȥնɱԼĸס
󵽣ȥĻǿĻܵСĴġ
㡭˭
Ҷ죬Է̲סĴɳƵȥޱȵǱ
˫ĿɵùԲҶģ֮ӵĳԾҶͿȥ󣬵һΪȻûа취ȥֿǶôֲ顣
ˡ
Ҷﵭ˵û˿ʣ൱Ŀ϶
ҾˣСӣõķſңҲôˣҲ鷳󽫵£˺ңǲŹģʥǿߣÿˣ
žžž
ҶƻǿöԷĺ˲俪ʼϵķɫǵͨ죬һʹģ
֪˭𣿡
ҶıޱȹŹֵ˵
㡭ˣ
ʱѾ˵
Ҷ죡
䡭
ըһĿʼڶԷкݺݵͷ˳
Ҷ죡
ȻҶ죡
ѹֶԷ鷳ѹҶɱˣԵĸǣǵ̸
ġ
꣡


2233 ţ
Ҷ΢΢һֱûٴθԷ˵Ļᣬ֮У˲˶Էĺ
ҶĴ֮ʩչǿһ޷ֿ˵궼ûа취ȥ˲䱻Ҷɵˡ
ߡϧ
ĽԷʬӵ˵֮УҶЦ˵
ԼĸףҪɱԼĸףҶңǲԼļ峤ڵĴȥ
ȥʮʱˣȺ˻ŹҶңǷϵĸ׵֮󣬾ȻĸϾɱѾҶеɱ⿪ʼԽŨ
սһѪͳ䲻СС岻ɣŹǣڻҪݺҶҡ壬ʵ̫ˣ
ͨԷļ䣬Ҷҵ˺ܶԼҪĶ
˵󽫣
󽫣һ߲ᣬ֮峤ϵӣһֱҶĸĳڴͼõֹһεͼ׷󣬵ȴ޲ǱҶĸ׾ܾˡ
ҲһΣҶĸͼܶԷȴҶ
һԵչˣ֪²üȻһ΢ļ֮˽һ󽫿νŭգҪնɱҶң²üƣĻҶңҶĽҶᶼҶǻᱻԷնɱġ
ôʱˣ²üһֱ𲻼ɫޱȵҲ˶ҶҵĳҲԽǿ
峤ҲҵǸν⹫Ѿչʮ꣬ҲԽķˣԷν峤ϾȻѾƿĲˣȻԷѾ̲סˣĸ׵ĶξܾѾһﳹ׵Ŀʼˡ
˫Ŀ΢΢Ҷﻺؿ˵
ĸ²üȻԼ⹫չ֮󣬹൱Ĳãһļ֮УԷһ֮УΪԼŻڳ֣ӻӵѹġ
εҪͼ֣ҲǱֹˣҶǸνţϣʵ͵λҲǿ
˵ʮʱĸ׶ƽ¡
ԵѾͲסˣʵڽ뵽ʥľ磬ԼͻƵļ󣬶峤ϸǰͻƵ񼶵ľ磬֮неǿ֮һ
²üĵλȻĸӵļˡ
𡭡֣
Ҷ˫Ŀϵɷ˵ĺܡ
ʱ׵Ķ˴ŭһﵨҶԼĸڴǻԼĸףҪĽࡣ
ৡ
Ӱ˸΢΢һֻת˲ʱѣҶѾ˰·̣ٴε֮С
ˡ
ƺǸоҶĴڣҶ쿿ʱ򣬶ʱһĲʼɡ
ߡ
һҶӶûУֱӵ̤
ˡ
翪ʼĲͼֿסҶĽŲ
ĺ
ըһ㣬Ȼı
顭
ʱķĲ漴˲֮УҶ쳹׵˺ѳһ޴Ѻۡ
ֱ̤һѺۣҶö֮˽ȥ
Ԫڣ֮УԪӿǸҶһֻع鵽ĸо
ԪȻ浽̶ȣҶεĲȥԾȥȣǸоԪ֮ٶ㹻ĳѰ֮صٱ
ӵĻεܹǿ
Ҳ֮˿ֲԭ֮һˡ
ʲôˡ
ҶոյĽ뵽米磬Χﻨ㣬΢΢ĳ֮УȻŭѾ˳
һеʮ˿ٵĳҶٵĳ
һĻǣϵɱڣڲӿһۿȥͿԸоԷϵѪȵζ
ߡӣŨѪ֮ȻѾǿסģеɱǿֲҶشݳ
˵ģһѾ˵ݺݵسҶȭͷ
ȭӡ˸ԷȻһȭ⣬ǿƥȭ⣬˲ıޱڷͦš
ԽǿᣬԽǿʢ
һȭǿƣȻһȭʩչǿȭ
һСС廤ȻҲճı£Ҷ쾪ޱȡ
ߡ
ڵһҶȴ·ûпһȭĳһ㣬岻ܣѸٵ̧һš

һѸ磬ϸǴľˣݺݵڶԷĿȥ
顭
ԷȭͷûȫʩչоԼǰһľ޴ޱȵĴԼš
ۡ
ǿ񱩵Ħ֣˵屻Ļ˳ȥ
𡭡
һɫ䣬ŭ֮УѸٵĳҶ˹ȥ

һָ⡣
ҶĶһǿϢʼ˳

Ѫɽѡ
һеǿһ˿ֿĿܶûУ˲ıѹȥ
Сӡң
طڣһݻȻһ޴һ㣬ҶӶһƣرʧɫĿĹѺۼʼɡ
顭
ҶͷҲֱ̧һȭȥ
顭
һȭĶԷ˲ڰ֮лѪ
ϣ
ԽԽǿ߿ʼˣֱֳϴŽ䱸֮ɫĿҶ죬һ˫Ŀ֮ȴԽľ
ҶԵУеʱһնɱһǿߣеʱһȭҪȥ֣һ񽣣նһ֡
ֶΣεĲ˳Ծ
Сӣʲôˣ֪ʲôطǹ壬½ɱ¾ѵΪ޵𣿡
һ建س֡
ĳϡ˴֮޲е
ϴżɫ
ĳϣһߣϵļӣԵѾһޱȵˣǶԷȴһɷϢ
ʥǿߣ
˾ȻһʥǿߣҶΪĳϡ
Ǻܿģ˶Է֮Ҷɱȴ˳
ĳϣһ峤϶Լĸ׵ȺΪصİףǵҲҶңԼĸױϵ˵ʱ򣬻ͼնɱԼĸס
һˣúúõһˡ
оҶһɺ֮˸ĺ⣬ĳϵ̲סĶǰҶһĺľޱȡ
Сӡõס֣Ļû˿Ծ㣡
ңҪȥ𣿽գ֮У˵ģ
ΧԽԽǿߣҶ쵭˵
ţ
ĳҧгݵĺ
뵽ԼױԷ˽µΣ뵽ŵ̬뵽һΪҶɱȻıݡ
һӰûɣ˾ֵ֮УҶƺݺݵסĳϵĲӣݺݵسȥ


2234 
飡
ҵʼ˳ϣ֩ĺۼѸٵɢһ޴ӿٵĳ˵ǰ
ĳϵ屻Ҷٴεȥ


Ĳҽĳϵ﷢˳ʱѾ׵ľˣţҶÿһεĳ֣ϵļⶼҪ鴤֡
̫ɲˣ̫ǿˡ
ǿƣѾԶԶǵĳܷΧ޷ֿסġ

һڵе˿ʼ˹
Сӣң
ŭ֮ԽĿֲڵһӰ͵ı
ƳҶеĳץȥԷĶĿĺΪĳܹ
ߡҶһ絶˺һС
תһǿľ߶ѸٵĻĳǴʱȱ
䡭
·һ޴Ĵһ㣬ĺɱ˶Էǰ
ۡ
Էڰ֮е屻ǿеĻУһѪģһ޴ѪѾ˳
ĳǲȱ壬ţߡ
顭
߲ǰ׹ˤΪһƬģѪ⡣
˭
ΧһˣҶ쵭˵
壬Ȼĸ²üѪǶ壬ȴû˿ĺøУȵԼļ嵽˵ĵزԼĸ׺ĸ໥ָôʱ䣬һˣ㡣
˭
ٴεıһӣı
ض·һŭ֮пʼҡ˼¡
ȴûκεһ˵ʱ֣ǲңûʵӵû
Ҷǿֱǵ˭ܹﵽ˵ĵز
ߡ
ҶһмĿһˣǰȥҪˣЩһΣҪҪնɱһȺˣ𣬸үүǸν峤ϡ
Լļͼͥȵ֧飬ҶȻҪͶԷúõһµġ
ӡӰ
ҶǰڵһȺǿǿʼ
ޱȵĴϵĻ֮̿ɫޱ
Ǻˣ
õ˺µĲֻնɱĵֿڵҶǰֿĿԶûУǵɱȻеһݵҲǿеĴˡ
ߡ
һҶ˿ĲȥһȺˣӰǰ֮УٴεһȺˡ
ϣ
гʣħ޳
ǽӽǧ˵Ķ飬ÿһλʵȻĵزǻһЩʼ
֮ǿߣǴȥĻȻĻ½һѪȷģܹطٶȱѰ֮˿ҪǿٱܹôǿҲδǲܵġ
ʲôˣڹڵģĻɱ㣡
еһ˴ĺȵ
ǣ
֮дһɱ֮ǿޱȣǵĻǿߣ˲ͻᱻԷƿǶҶ˵ȴ㲻ʲôڵһȺˡ
˵ǣ˵һֻڽлû˿ɱԡ
Ҷĺȴͬһըһ㣬ƾյĿʼֳڹһĳһϯ˹ȥ
顱
ǸղųֵǿߣһĶ֮У˲䱻ûȥ˻Ѫշ衣

ľսʿҲܹҪԭ֮һ
֮ǿߣÿһλǷǱѰĿֲģžԵǿһ֣ȻĲ顣
ڣԵȴҶ죡
ģ
Ҷĳ֮ǿ޲аԵ𶯲ѣǾԵǿ壬ӭսĶҲʤܹʷĳ֮УҲ㹻ĿЩνĵ˽εģҶ֮ȴԼĲһĪС
ɱɱֻһˣһްĴ͵ŭ
ɱ
Ⱥ۶ʱǲòȥΪڵҶҪĴĺ֮ǵıͻˣ군ˡ
ϡˡ
ƿϵĵ⡣
֣
һ
Եƥ񵶵ڵıҶʩչ˳
һΣҶʩչȻֻ赭дΧǵߵϢȴ˲ǵصı˳
ɱ¾
һɱ¾û˿ĵԣеֻ޾ɱ
ۡ
ָˣ
ɱɱɱ
Ѫ꿪ʼ
ݻΪӰǵĶħǿѪѸٵȥٲȻҶһϵħһ㡣
ħӵĿֲ

֮͵һҶ쿴һˣ
𣡣


2235 ҡҶ
͡
Ӱɽһеǧǿ߱ҶɵնɱˣȻΪһ壬ϵǿڣڽҶ죬Ҳ׵군ˡ
Ҷնɱ޲Ǹǿߣŵ½֮жǿԳưԵˣЩҶǰȴϲֱ࣬ӱնɱˣҶ޼һȺǿߣնɱ֮궼ûиԷ
䡭
岻ϵıǿֱ֮Ҫضһ㣬޷ݵĿֲΧǿߣ׷׵ڲ²⵽ʲôˣΪʲô֮Уֶʲô
δ֪Ĵڣ˿־ģǰҶ죬δ֪ʵδ֪ɱֶȴ˵ǿңʱҲепʼֳһĪĳͿ־塣
˵˭
ҶȴѾ˼Ļᣬɢ޾ҫâ֣ﶼҪΪ֮Ҷ֮תǿЧ

ڲڱڷѪ꿪ʼɢ
Ҷ첻Ѫ֮ˣڣòȥ֣ΪѾնɱǿ֮еõϢЩ˶£ԷƿȻ˵ĻǾ͸Ǻ˿ϵˣ
֣
䡭
һȭӶ֮У֮ȭ־ĳһ˹ȥ
һϵĽķģʱЩȴڷĲţڲϵͷųԼҪϢ
Ҷڵʵ谭㲻ʲôԿĻᶼûС
ʲôˣ
һ˷ĳ֡
˿ɲɱѾòٵĹǿ߿ʼ
ת˲֮䣬ǿ߳Ҷǰ
ں峤ϣ
ٵ﷢˼Ĳ
Ϊ˵Ϊ񼶵ĵزһ棡
ǵ뷨עǱߵģΪʱҶʵǿ̫ˣǿ󵽵ĵزԪΪĲһεȵĹû˿󵽡

ƻӶֱһ㣬񷣬쳹һǵĺۼݺݵسȥҶҪɱһˣǸν峤ϡ
顭
񼶵ǿߣ߶ûһֱӵıҶϵˡ
ʱ򣬾Ҫ޾նɱ
Լĸ׷ָôãԼĸ׶Ⱥһݺң𻹲ŹҶңҪնɱԼĸףҶ޷ȥܵģҪնɱǣɷ顣
ۡ
񼶵ǿ߻ûдԼȫ˲䣬ϵһжĻˣѪģǿе鵽һֻ࣬꣬Ҷ컹ûֵĽΪҶûʵΪ峤ϡ
ʱ峤𾪣޷ŵĿҶ죬·ڿһһ㡣
ʵڿǹΪ񼶵ĵزˣˣȴҶǰû˿ĻֻᣬߵͬǿߣӱɱˣʲôĽడ
㡭㵽˭
峤ϵĺϴʱͬѪΧ֮д޾ķ
𡭡ҹ
Ҷ趯ĳ֣һֱӵѹȥ
顭
ӰٵĴ⽨֮бһ˲䣬ǽֱӵĴΪ˷档
һ֮УΪ׵һһȥΪӣԷʮģĿͦΣò˵ΪмȻǶŮӶԵģǶԷ˫Ŀȴ˿˿â̲סĲ˿˿ĵִ
˭
лϵƲȻ󽫡
ǴʱҶȴûԷǳ߿ȥһɫ԰׵ŮڵɴһҶ죬֮д޷ź;ϲޱȵĹâޱȣԷȥҲʮ£ĺܣһ֮дŵ޲𾪺޷ڸǵľϲȻǲ²⵽Ҷݡ
Ů֮ҶݺݵزоŮӵ֮˲ŻҶΪ֮Ϣ
ĸס²ü
Ůӵߣһ䱸ĿˣڿҶʱȴƺǲһĸоҶ쿴ĺ⸾䱸
𣿡
Ҷ˫Ŀ΢΢Ŀϣض˵
СӣʲôˣʲôһѪۣɭȻİ׹ǣǽһ񰡣񼶵ǿߣޱȣɶò׵Ĵ˹ϵǿߣԺԼƿ廹ǰ
ȴҶնɱˡ
Ҷ
ҶĿŶԷ˫Ŀ֮ɱȻ˸˳


2236 žۣ
Ҷ
һʱ̲סĿʼűҪĸо
ϵ޾裬޷ȥ̣ܾ裬ԼԤŮ˾Ȼϵ˰ͷҵԼһ˶ûռ޷󵽵ġ
Ҷ
ɫޱȣĺڴ֮бıһ㣬˲
ҶǸֵĺˣ
Ҷ죬һһĨϤĻߣ뵽Ҷ˶Ҫʼˡ
ӡҵĺӣ
²ü̲סĳһ˿Ǽ̬һϵҶϿţ·Ҫļ¼Լһ㡣
ĺӣǲǵһֻϣҵһ֮
Ķ²ü
ž
һǶݺݵϣһӰȥ٣һ˿ļûг֡
ҴңʱܻĺѾ޷ȥ˼ڵı޷ȥ˼飬޷ڵҶȥӦ˵ġ
žžžž
ҶƻӶÿһεĻӶһﱻĻһΣǺݺݵĶԷմʱѾһĺɫۼ棬ĸо䳹֮С
Ҫɱ㡭ĳޱȣϵıŤޱȣޱȣڵ߻ħˣûʶʱҶȥӦ˵ġ
㡭ȥ
ҶȻĻӶһݺݵػ峤ϵ
ۡ
Ѫɣһʱİ׹ƮɢѪģ
ѪϷ·һĲ

ڵӦ˹Ҷ죬ޱȵĺ
顭
Ҷ΢΢һһŲ̤ȥ
䡱һŵľˣһŵĽ˵ѹһĹѿʼγɡ
͡
âҶ˫Ŀ֮ͷţޱ飬ǰһ֣ҶĶ̲סҪ
κεһˣûҶ˵ķɱ̫ˣһϵԼĸףøôܾ裬ԼԼĸ޷žۣһжһɵġ
Ѫʲôκε˵మһκε˶޷ȥ赲ģ㣬ֻһˣʲô
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2241 ˣթ
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ĵ˫Ŀ˸е˼ȻǲԶ
ҶûôһȺһٵǧˣÿһλǲ𼶵Ҷҿ϶ӦǶ˷ڵ
ÿһλ϶ɱڣƲ°ĴڣԼöȥµùĻԼһȺˣڵһʱͻԼȻЩҶǲںģڵѾ𽥵Ű˲ͼȫĿԽ뵽Уʥ˼ǿ֣߳ȻĲܴơ
ϹλǵУһԼȥζܵĴ޷󵽵ģĽֹֻһ
Ҷζͬġ
Ҷ졭ɲҪˣڵں֮Уһζôûг⣬ǴҴһɢ
Ҷ̬ȣĵ϶ʱ¶˷ŭɫĺ
ԡǽϹηˣҾͬ⣡⣿ҿĳ⣡Ҷ˿Ц
㡭
ĵĻһɬϹζȻĲŵģһŵĻҶȥ˱ѹƵĴڣǶ뵽˵Ҷ͵һ棬Ƿʥ˼ֶΣ֪һģɣǿֲ
ڿǲȥԵڶˡ
ߡ
ĺ֮Уĵ˫Ŀϵ˸˺âҲ֪˼ʲô
жȻĲʲô顣
Ȼ˵Ļһֽˣһֻȡеö񣡡
ʥͻȻĿ˵
ȻһļƻٴεĸıˣҶõ֮еıˣղ˵ȫˡ
ɣ
ĵĽе
ûʲôܵģҶ죬ǵĳóˣأ
ʥƺΪаա
Ҷ죬˫Ŀ֮УӰͷš
ǡ
öѸٵĳҶС
ҲʥͻȻת̬ȣһƺԽĹˡ
ܺá
ʥƻӶϹѾС
ž
໥Ľ䱸ţһֽһֽ
еˣ޲Ľ䱸
䡭
Ȼ֮䣬ҶּϹεһ˲֮䣬һĵȴͻȻĳ֣ٶϿľˣһץסҶеö
֮У̲һ˵ϢȴǿЩ죬˲֮УöѾҶʧˡ

Ҷĺ
ৡ
֮УӡѸٵı
۵ӡǸڷıת˲ѣ˲ı㽫ϹץԼС
ߡ
ʥĺȵ˦𣬴һӡǿٵĴʧ߲ɫĿռ֮С
ļһ
ҶڵĴϢţ˫Ŀһɺ죬ҪѪһޣղŵϹβͱԷ뵽һƬ֮ˡ
飡
ٴεĵŭһ֮УҶٵϹε
Էϱһţϵڱ˵ڶʱ֮ڲܹȫǿ»ʧȥ˵궼ᱬơ
⼸һԵǴʱ䣡
Ҷкܿ㷢˶ԷͼϹαȥƣȴҶʱ䣬Ҷ첻˵һ뵽֮УԼûа취׷ȥˡ
ߣǴ֮ʥȻݣ˵㲻ʲô
Ҷ˫Ŀ֮УȻĳһƣ˫ֻۣһ޴Ӱı
Ӱ
ҶһɱﵣԷȻǿᣬķȴԷ
ȻҶĶܿϹϵƱɵˣҶȴûнȫɵһ˿ڡ
һӡǣǷʥӦӦģһȫĸԷͻᷢ֡ܺãǾͺúõһ
Ѿǵһӡǣ
̫ʮѪЦ
ʵǿʥ˼̶ȣʵԭҲûдﵽʥ˼Ǿôĥľȴͻˣﵽ˵ʵȻĺ
ʥ˼ֶΣҪһһӡǣҲǲܵ顣
ڲҪĳ֣ҪԼʵҸоĺͷʥƺһЩѰĶС
뵽˸ղĳֵ̬ҶԼĸоڶԷʵĲ򵥡


2242 
СӵϣԵʥ˼ĲϢϱҪǿ٣˵ӹ˾磬ǺͶԷ¡ߣĳӦŷڵʵҪˡ
Цֹ˵
ڣû˱ӵ񣬲ڵֶΣڻܹʩչ
ӡǽң
Ҷ첻ȥˣѸٵ˵
ʱӦѾҪöˣһֶ֮ͨҲ޷뵽ڲ֮п϶ĳ˲õĶĻһҲȻĲ
ߵϼȻʥ˼ϢԵҲ˵ˣеĶʥ˼ǿ߶Ķޱȡ
ߡ
ں˶ԷӡǣҶԺ֮Ѹٵĳ˵ϢʱĴΧһĺۼʩչѷ͵Ĵ˳ȥ
ϹڱҶŰ˲ͼ֮Уޱȵİȫ֮УֻܹʥҪģҲû˿İ취ġ
͡
Ӱ˸Ǿ޴Ŀռ֮ʼչˡ
޴Ŀռ֮ÿһεĻӶ޲ΧһѸٵи
Щʱյľ
ԴԴϵʼע뵽Ҷڣ˲䱻Ҷоˡ
Ǿʱ֮еȻĲ࣬ȴҲ˿Ĳ
Ű˲ͼ֮У¶˿ĵɫЩɫźܴá
Ҷĵ˵ͷֱӵĴ˵Ű˲ͼ·һֻ֪һ㣬ڵΧ
ˡ
Ҳ֪Ǽȡ˶ãΧĿռȻ֮ĳһ޴˳
泱ϫСһ㣡
̫ʮѪݳ
ʵϣʱû̫ʮѪѣҶҲѾע⵽ˣΧĿռ֮Уһľ޴˳ڷĳϯЩ˳ÿһޱߵͬһĳӻġ
űȡڰâ
ȵȵನ
ĳϫŵǿޱȣ˲ĿԽһ𼶵ǿУĿԶûС
Ҷȴ⣬ǿĺܣ֮У֮ԴԴϵתţ֮ޱߵǿᣬеİ̲֮඼С泱ϫķӿ֮תﵽһ¡
˲֮УҶγһ޴ĺڶһ㣬еĳϫһ뵽ߣᱻѸٵȥٶϿľˡ
䡭
Ҳ֪˶֮ҶϱޱߵĹâ
һ⣬һӰڷ˸š
泱ϫЧڵٴεõһȫµɱ䡣
顭
һȭӶҶ쾹Ȼʮ·̣ǵϵûкķѳ˿
ٴεɱһΡ
ҶЦ
ʱϵԽһ𼶵ǿˣʵǿȻҶޱȼͿģڵȴҲоϵǿϢĲԶ
ǡ
ҶЦ
֮ʩչϿɴ͸¿ɴһеԿ;ģ˵Ϣط˵ҶȻҲĲġ
ߡʥģǶȻĲ뵽ҵĴڣǵķɲ˶ٵ˺
Ц֮УҶѾǰɿǰʱĿռ֮һԾԴﵽٶϿľˣΧ泱ϫûжҶ˿𺦣Ҷõ˲Сɱ䣬˵ʥ͵֪һĻȻĻ˸ӽ䱸ġ
Ҷ죬ʱеæˡĵϴ˿˿Ц֮ɫ
ϹڵѾҵķˣҪȥȥǾ͵Ҫʮʱ䣬Ҷεǿ󣬵ȴҲ޷ɵĽ⿪ģöƬͿԵõԼҪĶ
ʥҲһĨЦ
ϧϹȷʵһ˰۵ŮǾǹˣŮˣҿǻûŪһء
΢Щź
ܿ죬ͲźˣԺսߵıǿ֣߳κεһ˶ˣҶЩŮ˻ǵģʥȻӵݡ
ǵģǲҶô׵ģҪ꣬ţŮ˵ģ
ߵЦУҲѸٵĽöٵں
ˡ
ХöѸٵɢޱߵĹââϵɢܿģ֮Уһ޴Ľسֳãʵ޷ȥֱ档
䡭
һȻı漴һ޴Żչ˵ǰ


2243 ɽ
ǣ
һʱҶ˫Ŀʼɴˡ
Ľϵħ֡
Щ֮УʥġħõġԵġǷġа񡭡ȵȣ֪жˣȴûκεһܹǰһԿ
һӶﵽȻǽǵʮĴԪô
֮󣬾ǷʥҲ̲סĵɴԼ۾ž֮ɫĿŶԷȻҲǵԤϡ
⽨֮У·ûĸƼһ㣬֣ϵ˸һɸĲ
²ûдĻ̫ʱڵҲ޷ӵǿĽġ
Ҷĺ
Ҳû˿ŵĽ⽨֮Уϵ˸ҲԿĳ⽨ǲƵģ˵ĲƣȻôľĺ̫ܰʮѪ΢΢ĸ̾
ߡ
Ҷ˵ڲ÷ʥ˷ԼҪһһں޵Ļ䡣
һ޷ĥĻ䡣
͡
֮ռ֮ɱ֮ء
ȵȵȫںһҶ·ס˹⡢˺ڰ
忿ôǿߣȴûһֵܹ
Ľľڴжٵı
ĵ˵һ˫ĿʱѾ̰ռˡ
֪ˡ
ʥһص˵
ʵȻĿԿĳȻ˵ȥƽĺܣʵȴŲС鷳еΣոǿȥ󵽵ĿֲһСģвݼ
ɴ⣬һҶˣҲܹˣĻΣպܿͻ֣ǶҪСĵ㣡
ʥѵ

ǿ޲ͷ
ߡ
ŷʥһȣеˣϵıޱߵ˲ıеԪΪĲʵĲ
˵ƣҶҲȥӦˣʩչԼ˷ˣЩһǵֶο²ֻˣڰҶ첻ʱ֡
͡
һˣлŵߺȻǳһ޴Żϳȥ
͡
һ˽뵽УŻؿʼպ
һĻ֮Ҳȥ⣬ֻҪö۳壬ǾͿ뿪
¡¡
Ҳǽﲻ֮һĴɽ漴ǵǰ
һɽޱ֮󣬸ƣȥͷһɽޱȵڣڵī˿ȥоһɭȻвĲ
֪Ϊʲôڿһɽ˲䣬е̲סĸоһǿҵĳ·ʲôɽ֮УͬԷƺǻŵһ
ϣ
Ħɼ޷ȥĮӡ
ʲô
˵ĦʱеˣĿʼ䱸
ˡ
ɽͻȻʶ
Ǿ㵵֮УѸٵĳһĲơ
ЩƷɿչϴĿټһɫɽʱȻָ
͡
ƿյϵĳ֡
ɽǻģ
ͻȻǿߴž֮ɫĽ

˶ԷĽʥǵģ޲аԵĽݺݵؿһǺļһ
Ȼĳ֣ǴɽѸٵĿʼһ㣬Ȼĺɫۼϱӿ
ӿˮȴĦ
Щɽˣеˣʱ޲һĻ
ֻһɫĴɽȻָΪ˳ǧϰÿһǸƣǹǣǾȻŤҲϵĦݳ
ߡϽ뿪
ʥϵĺ
͡
һɫĴɽȻ֮ͬһħߣݺݵسһǿ˺Ѷȥ
͡һԿɲıɫۼس֡
ԶߣԶߣСġ
һԱɫͫʲôɽһеħ߰
ʥոյ£˲ʱ䣬һǿѾԷߡ

Ĳҽʼ֣Է˲䱻Է飬׹ǺѪ
ѸٵıΧԶ߸ȥŷʥ˿ʼȥ
ԶߣԶŵĩѾˣȻٴεĳұеĸӿֲ
ĵϣâ˸ͬһһ㣬ϵĺͽԶ߶Կ
Զߡ
ʥĺ
ƻһ֡
һεεĽɫˮΣÿһζ·һ㣬֮УԿһĿռ䱻ѹƵ˼£ǰȥ
Ƿ᣿
Ϸǰᣬϵ
ߡռôʱ䣬ȴʱȫķ˳
ʥ֮дŲˬɫһʵޱȣȻиۡ
ᣬǷڲʱʵᣬޱߵ棬Է֮źܴĺô
̡
ȻѸٵγһ޴ķΧѸٵתӻڲ֮ˡ
˻˻˻
ƵԶ߲ϵţǱɫ֮дŲʵϢ
Ҷ΢΢һʱʩչͨ͵Ľһеķ̴
á
ʥļͬŰŮһ㡣
޷󵽣ΪʲôʱʧأʣѾ˼ʱˣԶڷĳǹš
ޱߣն
ʥŭһ˫ֺʮޱߵʼ֡
ɱ
һķѸٵĴڵǿͷų
Ȼ죡
ҲʼΧͬų֣һˣǧˣǿֶʩչԵѹȺԶߣȻ˵ԷֲޱȣЩǿŵޱؼ㹻֧ȥ
һԶ߱նɱ֮Żسһ
Ǵˣǵ˽⣬ȷʵӦǿڵģֻû뵽˵Ŀ¡
ʥϢ˼֮󻺻ؿ˵
ڰҶǰԵЦֹ
һΣûһȺԶ߷Ӷãܹնɱ˶ԷӽˣҲһβСջ
Űɡʥģеʱȥ棡
Ҷ˫Ŀ˿˿ɺ죬Ե˵
ȥˡʥָһ򣬻ؿ˵
⻹ֻǵһȴѾʧôˣٴεʲô⣬ǵʧ࣬һΪѰģʧ̫࣬˵Ӱ޷󵽵ġ
ҼǵиǸط䱦ǿȥһȫĿнһεʧֲˣ
Ҳʼ˵˵ʿҲ˲ֲ


2244 ѵķ
ߡ
һ˷׷׵ĺȵɢʯһʥϢֻͨչ
͡
һٶϿľˣ·һĳǰȥ
ʱκεһ˶طȥһӡ
ռ伤һƬ֮Уǹӿ֮޲ɢޱߵѹһ޴ϵĵУ·ǻһ㣬޾ס˸ӵһ޷ڸǵĿ־С
ǻ
ڰҶ죬һʱ̲סİԾ
һ޵һ֣ԻΪʳؼΪȴ̵ס
ٴεĳΧĵطȥޡޡħޡޣıס棬ȥĴĦеĸ
֮ۡ
Ҷ֮͵ͷų
˲ʱ̣һɺ嫵ȴ͵չֳһɺ嫵һĻһ㡣
ɼĳҶǰ
𡭡
һŭ𣬸ƺҰ޷ݺݵش̴Ҷ硣
ߡ
ʥӤһСֻӶ˲Ķһ

Ҷжʱһ𺳡
⾹Ȼǻ
Ӧ֮飬
ߣϵĴߣ߿쵽һǧס
磬ޣ֮쳹Զʯ
֮ﾹȻס˴˴ҶԽľ
ˡͻأʱһϲ֣ڵһǿߵģԷϣķ䶯һ㣬ÿһöһѰ֮õͿԲеİ
ԷϣͷųĹ֮ޱȶһķ֮ɱ֮ȴԽԣһһµĶǡ
ҶȴЩˣǰһĽڷļȡΧزţ΢СʯƶȻµʷ֮УЩѾƻĲˡ
ǣҶȴӵĸоЩ΢ʯƺµĺۼÿһöޱȵǿᣬһȡе£ǿԲеʷ
Ҳֻһ뷨ѡ
ôĹ
ĵ¶˿ŵɫ
ôĹٵϰÿһޱȵĻޱߡ
Щ֮У䱦ȫȥѰһܹ£棬أʥ˼ǿ߶δܹȫȻ֪еİÿһ䱦˫ɷŹ
ͻȻĿں֮д޷ڸǵļɫ
ߡã
ʥ
ôе䱦жô˭һѰҵһ㣬Ǵһġ
ߡ
Ҷ찵ЦֹȴݻŸͨϢĳһ֮С
ۣ֮ȻҪһУĴб죬ⱦ۳Ϊ˹Ȫˮһ㣬ڷɿš
ԵĿĳŶôֲ
͡
Ӱٵ˸֮УϢѾʼ
͡
Ȼ֮䣬תռҶѾѰҵһ
òҶ֮ǰԷȴû˿Ķݲء
еı죬Լ̵̬Ǿ̣Ǳѹ
顱
ҶٴγֵʱǰѾ˴ڲ
ޱȣҶоһϹ˵ĸо
޾âڲϵ䶯Ѿһ㡣
Ԫ֮
̫ʮѪĺ
͡
һâЩâ֮УǧһĿʼӣٶϿľˡ
Ԫ֮
ҶһƿٵĽһâץС
䡭
ڵĴ֮·Ǹоʲôһ㣬ĿʼݻΪһ˳ƵһڽһԪ֮ȥ

̲סǳ鴤
Ԫ֮ؼһ˵ϵĺô
Ǳ
Ҷȴ⣬˲оˣԼڷתŰ˲ͼչԼ磬ѸٵĿʼ
֮䣬һֻһ㣬ѸٵĽΧʼԴԴϵԽԽ࣬ϵľۼš

Ҷ˫Ŀ΢΢
оˣԼĴ֮ڲϴţÿһεתĲΧϵĲչֳ
Ԫ֮ޱȣ֮ӵĸ߲㣬һĻԪ֮һ޵õĪĺôôĻԪ֮ǿԴһԪΪĲ
Ǵһͨ˿ʼ졣
Ȼôܶ࣡
Ҷ̾
Ԫ֮ͻȻ˵û̫ĺôȴԴԼĴ֮ҴʱʥӤϣһӨӨĹԸǲϵչҲõ˲С档
ڵҶ죬Ҫͻƣ鷳ҲҵԼͻƵķʽˡ
طǿߺͺôģֻҪŬļȡͿɳ׵ġ

Ҷ˫Ŀɺ˸ٵĽ뵽һµ
Ű˲ͼһչʱѸټȡת˲ѣҶѾȡʮˡ
ˡ
һͻȻʱ֣ԭڿʼɵҶ͵һ
ҷȱ
һش˳
ǷϵĻۣ·Ǵӳһ㣬㲨ڳĽš
ÿµϢ
оϢ֮Ҷ΢΢һ
Ƿʥ
Ҷһ
͵ĿԼ֮ۡ
ܿģԷѾԼǰ
һ޴ķǷʥǰֳһͷ·̽עһ㣬ɢʥ⡣
˫Ŀϣһ۾һ
һ˲õļһҶоһ˿Св
ѵķ𣿡
ͻȻע⵽֮Ҷȴݺݵһӵ棬ѺѸٵɣһһ㡣
ʱķʥޱȼ˫ֲϵĽӡһľڴӵͷųӵסÿһɫâȻڽţȴûа취ȥѣֻܹŶԷȥȡԼܿһԪҪͻˡ
ģһﾹȻҪطͻƵµΪ֮УʥԭԪΪٴεͻƣ˵ȻĲʲô£Ͻ뿪
˼֮УҶԺ׵һ㣬ܿıˣ廮տٵĳһȥ
һƬĻռ䡣
û˿˼·ģڣʱĵӡɢޱߵĹâǿĴںͶԷ໥
²ûдĻӦǡӡǣ


2245 ӡ
Ҷ¶˼ɫʮ˲ĵӡǣںϵڣǽĵ׵Ļָ
жôĿֲû֪֮дڵĹǿȴԵĺܶ࣬󽫼ǿǽᱻٻЩɢģЩ뿪ģʧĵǣ޲ᱻҶٴεľۼһ
ǵͨ۵ЩΪľԱ֤
֮ĺôҶ챾˵ⶼ޷󵽵ġ
ӡǣԽԽˡ
ҶϿʼޱȼ
֮еģŶٵıҶǲ֪ģȴκε޷Լĵӡ
ŵʮ˲ĵĽһǲЧжô£Ҷ춼޷󵽡
һۿԺʥ˼а壬Կĳǿ֮һ֮䣬ҲһţҶĲ²⣬п൱ĸӡ
ϾҶڵƿ˵ѾӺܶǿߣⵥ˵ġ
˵ʮ˲Ľһ۾ʸȥٻϵĵԿЩϵĵ飬˯Уһ֣Իء
͡
廯һ磬͵Ĵ뵽һŻ֮С
𡭡
һ޴ĳʣҶһǿᣬٲȻһϵĳһ㣬Űĳȡ
һȥ翪ٵһ㡣

Ҷըףϰ֮ޱһȭӶӰ
ʱҶ죬ʵڵõ泱ϫĴ֮󣬸һ¥ǿһ޷ĵز
һȭǾ޴ĳ֮ϣʱѺۡ
顭
䣬оȻһ޴ĵ⡣
ۡ
Ҷ컹ûж˲Ű˲ͼ·һ㣬ǿеĽһȥ
ҲôҲУҶ˫ĿɵùԲЩ޷š
һǿ֮Ҷо൱Բһ˿ȥܵģŰ˲ͼֱֱһȥ
ĵ𣿡
̲סĽ뵽Ű˲ͼ֮УܿģҶѾʼסˡ
ֻһ·ŰŮһ㣬˷˵˲סڵеľ
˲죿
ҶͻȻ뵽һؼԵ⣬ԼŰ˲ͼصĺܣԳһ磬ƺԼϰԵڲעûд˲Ѱ
Ҳ²ûд˲Ű˲ͼģǿˣŰ˲ͼҲ˱ǿǷġ
뵽ҶٴεһֿЦõĸоǰԼ飬ֱ󲿷ֶù
㽫˲ڸ˵Ű˲ͼǿ֮Ϳʼ˳
ʧ߰
Եĸ֮̾УҶѾŰ˲ͼ֮С
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Ǻ֮УһĻʱˡ
һâǿĲһ㣬ϵļȡΧΧеâ޲ڷɨ䣬ȴһɵˡ
һԽǿûа˲ڵ̨棬һԼĹâڻس֡
еһҪΪʵʡ
ǿѾٻԭİ˲ڣռ˲ڿ˿Ĳ
ԭļʶܹ㣬ڵʵ˵ĺܣȻһۿеء
Ű˲ͼʲô
Ҷ̲סĺʵ
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һԪ
ܴ󣡺ܹ
ɫĹâУڵҲһ̣ȻĿʼͷų
Ѱҵˣ
һ˿ĻߣҶ˳


2246 ޱ
Ҷ켤ȴԶԶֻˣǰһ޴ĴԪʱڻɢһĪĲ
һֺɽĲϢ
ڵĵڷıǣ䡢ȸϵķĿʼŭ

֮ΪǿһҲ֮Ϊصһ֣ΪѰҶķѵʱʵ̫ˡ
֮ˣ֮ΪŴ֮ɽ
ҶÿҪҲǲһģϾԽԽ࣬ڣҶ֪ԼĹˡ
Ϊǰ֮һԪ
Ԫ̣ûκεڣ⵹ʡȥҶĲ鷳
Ӹ˵һεķ棬ˣֻҪɵ֮ҵʵͻͽʶʥ˼ΪǲѶõģ
Ҷ¶˷ܵɫ
Сĵ㡭
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ǺܼҶҪɹˣöӡǾǰںʮ˲֮ټγɵĴУҶ˵ܹﵽһôµĳ̶ȣκε˶޷ȥ󵽵ģҶ챾˶Ե޷ȥƵ
ã̫ˣ
Ҷ¶˷ܺͼɫؿ˵

΢΢ĻӶ֮УöӡѸٵĳҶ˹ȥ
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֮Уǵǿ󱻳׵ٻǿϢȴҲܱʥ˼ǿ֪Ҳץʱ䡣Ҷз·Ǳһһ㣬ýġ
Ϊؼʱˣʥ˵Ĵѽήʱ˵õ½𣬲ֻ½ǵԼϤЩԪ򶼻᳹׵ɢġ
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Ҷ͵ķһ˫ֲȥǱޱȼ㡣
ǿѸٵĿʼ䣬ʮöӡͷų޾޷ݵĿʼ

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䡭ͻأʱΧ˲ĿʼǿϢʼռ֮С
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ķһĽĺ

ڰ˵ǿߴĺȵ˲񷡣

Ѫʼķɢһŭһ񷣬֮γѺۡ

Լڲϱնɱһʱ䣬ĺͷʥߵɫʼޱѿ
һʵǷ̫ǿᣬ˭Ҳ뵽ڰ˵˾Ȼ˵ǿӲҶԷбġ
ڡڡõĲҪֿǵĿȻһһǲܹմȾģڣ
˳ۻӶȻһϵޱߣ


2247 룡
ߣڰ˵ˣɲ
ʥɫ൱ѿһﲻٵǵڣȴ˵ķεĲ˷ŭ
Ϊ֮žصλķʥʱ˫ֻۣӡһɫӰķ˲Ĵ¡

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ʱҲȥ⣬˫ֻۣһţߣӿΧһкڰ˵ǿǾһϬޱȵɱС

һ֣Ǻ嫵ȴɱޱߡ
ۡ
Щڰ˵ǿߣÿһλʵͨ쳹أٶԪΪĳ̶ϣһţߵӰǾȻû˿ĵֿ
Էֻһۿȥȴصһ㣬˲֮УǵѪ衣

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Ҷϴŵɫؿ˵
˫Ȼһ޴ĺڶһ㣬ڶ֮вϵš
ɣ
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ڵʱѾͻ⡣
ԭڸоһĴ֮ԾԾˣ൱ֵܽãǵѪϵڸо˱˴˵ĴڣȻǿĸӦġ

䡱
޾ʼݻţԽԽ࣬ԽԽ档
ҡ
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ڣҶѾо˶ԷǿƺԼĵֿҲǿҡ
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ĥǿڴʱѾʼȻı
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ҶĿ
ϣĹâʼ貶ޱ֮һķڡ
Ǿ޴ĴԪڻСš
ȻȥǻһԪ򣬸һӱɵҶڲǿٶȻڷš
ӰԽӴԽ
׻ȸ䣬ַ಻ϵΧתһˣеķȻ໥İ

ٴεһŭ֮Уʱض·Ҫ
Ǿ޴ĴԪѾʼļС
žžžž
Ҷľתתÿһεתһ޷ֿǿЧ֮˳
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Ϊڲϵķǿ
˿ɲĳ֮£ﶼڷڡ
𡭡Ҷٴεĳоһֲ²ĳ嶯о£ŭ֮УȻһ񷡣
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
ڵĵһȥҶٵģƺƵӿ˳


2248 ս
еȻ˵Ŀֲ˵Ŀɲ
̫ʮѪĺ
ʮֻ֮УʱѾȫıǰθˡ
Ӱķ࣬ǿҶ⿪ʼ
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ɡ
ЦһȻĴȥ˵ʥ·ʥ֮ȴһ˿а졣
ķĤǷǿǣǸоԼϣһķȻܿƵıߡ
ܵġ
ʩչȻ˵һȺĵžԵɱ֮
ɱ
̫ʮѪŸԴÿһ³ˮ桭֮νɱ¾ޱߡ
ġ
ʥĺϣȻһʱһ޴ķӿʼ֣һϵĹŷ۵ƺͷ
䡭
Ӵһ쳹
Ҫȥģ
ǿվ˺ڰ˵Ķ棬һˣǿϢչ֡
սҲʥĳ̶ȣȻʥǱΪʥ֮µĵһǿߣʵȻǿĺܡ
Ҫ
֮ɫһԭڵǿߵֿסʧСˣȴ䲻ðһȺˣεĲŭ
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ӡ֣һֲ°ĺۼȻһ£ȴǷĺܣ֮ǿֶΣ㹻նһ޴ĴԪ
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ǿϴ˿˿Ĳм⣺͡һɫ֡
䡱
ֱӵ
ꡭ
ӡȻһ֮ȫû˿ã˲ı𡭡


2249 ʥ
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ʱҶ죬ڽһǾǿĴڣܿܳΪʥˣǿڵǣ˭ҲܹȥҶϡ

ݺᡣ
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ݺᣬɶ֮νҡ
ۡ
ǿ֮ǿߣȴҲ˲䱻նһֱۡ
ۡ
Ѫ裬һʱռ䱻Ⱦ졣
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ֻһ룬ȴſٵذĲơ

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նۼ̹񸫣õ
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ڣҶ֮Ҳͼռ
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ۣǵǵ죬˭ҲܹҶһٴ䡣
̹񸫡
Ƿӵ¶˾ȵɫϵıޱȼ
֮ǲȻ޷ֿǿеǿߣǺڰ˻ڵĵǣ
ߡ
ĵĺߵ
ϣȻ֮䣬ʩչơ
֮أҲͼԣ
˫֮УǾһƬ硣
ʱĵģݻȻγһϵĵ

ӵԭȻϳһĨ֮ɫ
ʱĵľȻʼƥǰһӰسֳ
Ȼ㣿һӰ֮ӵ϶ʱ¶һĨ֮ɫ
Ϊӣޱ飬Ŀ࣬վͷ·һƬ죬һƬء
Ҳû뵽Ȼ㰡ᣡ
ӣıҲطǷ
ߡȫˣ
һ֡
һڰ飬վһһ㣬һĺۼÿһԺһǿĺܣ͵ĺܣ޷ȥĮӡ
ôܣ
ڿ˴֮ᣬ޲¶˾ɫ
ˣϴĺâվǾһڰһ㣬ʲôͳͳıֻ࣬޾ĺڰ
ǶԷǿƺֻΪϵɵģҲ˵Էû˿ڲ

ܸıʲô
ǶԷȴƫƫľͿԸıˡ
û뵽ڰ˵ı󣬾ȻȺ겻ɢ֮
ǰҲû뵽
Է˫Ŀ˿˿⣬ؿ˵
졭㻹ûĺܳ
˫Ŀ֮дŲмɫ˵
㱾Ϊˣǵܵʱȴѡ뿪ԼȣΪʥ˵һնɱ壬ħȴѡ˹Ӳдӻǿˬ㰡
ϴŲм֮ɫ˵
ߡСС壬ǴΣ壬ɿԣ
Ц˵ܵȴһɱ¾֮ޱȵǿᡣ
ʥΪ
ʥˣ
ҶޱȵǿᣬǱ̫ʮѪ߻ҪǿһЩˣʱѡ˲֡
̹ŵĿ񸫣Ǳߣ
ϴŵ࣬˦˿ӵ˵
𣿴ҷԵȻã
壬ʵ̹ʥ˵ѪıֻǲʸȥӵУ
ضѣƺǲҪ˵ɣϱǵ
ߡֻǰֻһᣬ㵱ɵ𣿡
¶һĨ֮ɫ񣬺
֮Ԫ֮̲ޱߵϢ
ֻʥˣſӵУһȺϣò룡
ͻȻһ͵ĸıԼһ˫ĿҲس̫ʮѪǿ߿˹ȥ
ƣ
ẬЦͷ
У飬һӶоڣ˵Ӳ룡
Ц
ɱǣ
Ҳȥ⣬ֱӵĿ˵
ɱ
ĳ֡
ߣʥеĸǿߣ޲Ƿں֮еֱϵӣǿеĵӡ
֣߳ǿĺɱ
˸ݻ
޲Դɱ˫
𡭡

ݣ
̫ʮѪĳ֣ҲʥǿߣȻʸǽа塣
һĿǶ൱Ĳˬһԭ۽ػȥ
ɱ
֮ĺȵ
ϣ͵
ĺͷʥߣʱĳɱ˹
ػ
϶ϵĻ衣
ϣҲͼֿ
ĺϵıĺܡ
飡
ССħ
̫ʮѪı˳ȥΪʥǵԪǰ˺̫ˣȻָȴɲĴ
ϣž񣡡
˵
ƣĴȥǾһɽ
á
һɽϵĺȻǵʵȻ޷ֿסģ˵Ҷ죬ᱻ
ҲҪ
϶ϵ͵վһɽ֮ǰ
ҲҪһ𣡡
ëЦ˵
Ϊۣ޺ĺ
޺
ϣ

һ̣ϵɱ˲񷣡
Ǿɣ
·ɣһ̣ϱԽ
䡭
һֻ֣ٵĳ˲񷣬͵ĳŶԷָɽ϶ȥ


2250 ɱ
飡
ǿײʹ˳֣޷ڸǵĿֲ˲ĿʼĲ
ָɽһγޡ
ƥ˲޷ܣ˵Ҳ¶˾ɫĺȵ
ʲôˣ
һ֮ȴεرסʥ˵ĴȲţǶ
һشݳ֮дһĨ޷ڸǵŭͷš
ǡ
̫ʮѪǿߵ϶ʱһ䣬漴ȥ
һӰڻ̤ն
׷ƮһɺȴѪһ
ˣҶ컹˭
ʱû˿û˿ȥͷ·һƽ֮ˣվͷ·뵽زһ㣬˿ûɬ˵Ϣƽ֮ȴһֲֿζ
ң
ɫȻѿǰҶ죬ѾԼĲ²⵽˶ԷݣǶһСȴ˷ĵҽѵԼεܹܵס
ǿߣʥ˼ĵӣʥ˱ӣԷΪΨһĵӣκεĵط˶ùĳƺΪһʦ
ʦǺεȵҫҶǰȴһʺһһ˶ĵӡ
㱾ѪʵĵλһУûһٻ㻹ʥʲôĴڣ᲻֪㿴Լͬ壬Լױ˵ʳ㲻֣ǶҴСУʸ𣿡
ҶЦ
ʱϴһ޷ڸǵϢأͬ棬ޱȣԿһ㣬磬ޱ
ܺãСӡ֪ݣҶ죬еĴԪ֮жֳ֣ǽǲò˵ҪùˣΪɹĽŭˣ
ϴĻߣؿ˵
աҪ
ӡ
˫ջһۼһۼƼ򵥣ȴ·̲һ㣬֮ﶼҪΪ֮ΧĿռһĿʼǿ˲ĸоһ̲֮صɱǶôĿֲ
۴ˡ
϶ϵǿ߲֪ʱҶ쵽Ǵﵽ˺εȵĳ̶ȣȴ̲סĽϴŵǵɫ
°ɡ
Ҷ˫Ŀ΢΢𣬻ؿ˵֮дһɵ̬·һ̣أһУب֮䣬޲ƽ֮С
޷Ҷ΢΢һЦؿ˵
£ΪԻס˭㣬ѱ
ȣ
˫ֵ죬ʱγһ޷ݵӡǣе֮·ǿһ㣬תһöӡǶص컯һҶǰȥ

һöӵӡǶѣȴĺۼ֮ռƺû˿ĸı䣬̫ʮѪǿȴ̲סһ󾪺ֲǷ
һﲻ£һӣҲΨһĵӣԷֶ̫ľˣȻǿΧĿռûб仯Ѿ˲䱻ˡ
Ϊ̫ԵǺԵøû˿ı仯
Сѡ
ָ΢΢һҶһ˿Ц⣬ĻӶƣ˲֮У·ƾյĳһһ㡣
䡭
һöӵӡǣȻ˲䱻Ҷָס
𡭡
еŭͼָ֮ͷų
ǶԷȴ˿ûа취ı䣬ָصһ㣬ŶԷȴ˿޷ıһеĳ֡
꣡
ҶĶ΢΢ĿʼʱһöӡǱΪޡ
ôܣ
Ҫ˵һ϶ʼ¶˾㵵ɫ޷ŵĿҶ죬ղŵֶΣǱ˶ûа취ﵽġ
ôˣܵģ
˶ʼˣ
½еĵӣеĺôǳ޷󵽵ģϾֻ־ȴһ㣬ȫΪþãӵȫ࣬˽յĳɹ
˵ǿᣬ˵ʥȴҶǰļ̤ˡ
һѵ˵ʥȻ뵽һ޷ŵĴ𰸣ֲ̫ˣ̫пˣܹܣҲֻһܹһС
ʥˣĵ૵ĵ
ȴ޷ܵġ
ôܣ
ôˣ
Ǳ֮ӣεܹ϶ԷԼǿ
ûʲôܵġҶĿ˫Ŀ˿˿ɺ죬Ц㡭ɣ
䡭
ͻأʱһɺ嫵ȴӿԲռ䣬֮޲ڿʼǿеıȥ
ޱ춯غȻĴ
Կٵأң֮УһжҪǿеѹȥһ㡣
ģô£
Ҷϴžȵɫ̲סĽе
ߡ
ȻһȻʱֱ˺ڿռʧԭ
̹񸫣
ϴžϲɫĽе
͡
̹񸫱ǿеС

һ쿪ʼ

壬Ŵȱ֮ȴӵɱ¾֣֮ѸٵĻӶе̹ǿеĺɱȥ
ϣ
һۼٵĴѵ̹֮ͷųһ°ĺۼޱȡ
ƴ̹֮ӿһۼֳ״Ƽ򵥣ʵϾȻ̲󵽵ķ
Ȼնһֱֻ۾Ȼֱӵ顭
͡
һǿռ䣬ἤޱȵʧƬ֮С


ʱҶȴѾӦ˹
°ɣ
ߡ
ĸҪһ̣ȴֱӵըˡ
ܣ
ʥɫ䣬Ҷĳ־Ȼ˵Ĺϣһŭ֮󣬷ʥȴȻĸоԼϺëֱһǿҵΣпʼ֡
֮ʵ֮䣬û壡
һʱʥ棬֮ٵĳ֣ǿٵ뵽һģ֮У粻һ㡣
ʱҶȴҲֻһָ
һ֣ȴ
顭
֮˲ıʥ˸ǳΪһŴŽâѪ
ಡ
ҶһٵĽһŽâ뵽˵֮С
֮أ
͵չΧǧ֮Уе·˲䱻ѹȥޱߵҵ𣬲ĳ֡
һ޴Żش򿪣Żа֮£а飬ǵĹ飬һ֮£һȺӱ
֮أֻش򿪣
һ޴̻شҶͷų
ֻ֮أ


2251 ֻ
ʲô
һϱ۵¶˾ɫѪʣܿϵļȴһŤΧʼѸٵݻޱߵĺۼγһոµֱۡ
˫ĿȴһֱһĿһ޴Żǵ֮֮һŻŹޱȵϢĹͼ챾˶ûа취ȥ˽ƿأеĹϣǳ
ֻ֮ţ
һֻأٲ
ҲɣҲɣ
ҶĵһʥʥˣҶȥ޷˲ıҶƿеֻء
ȥˣֻҪҶ춼Խ临
ֻصİҲǵǿ֮

Ҷָ΢΢һﵭĺȵ
Ȼ֮䣬һƬ첨֣ǵ֮ŵ֮˲Ϣ֮ѣеķǿǿߣ޲ȥӴٵע뵽˵֮УʱҶĲҪ˿ļȡڵȡٶҲδܹ̫ʵ
۴ˡȻͻˣ
϶ϵǿʱޱȵĿҶ죬̲סĽе
ͻƵʥ˼ľ磬ѣеĴ󵽵ĿֲҶ쾹Ȼû˿Ĵ֮ģôܣ
ңҶûʹúεܹﵽʥ˼ľ磿
ͻˣǰδеĺã
Ҷ컺Ц
ղŵͻƣһľȣһʷǰȻĳ֮УӰ֣֮ѹȥʥ˴ٵ
޾ӿ֮Уǿеݻ뷨֣кһȻǴٿٵȥ
е֮еµںݻһУ̫ǿˣҲˣʱ̲ûбٴˣɵʥ˴٣
ҶĲ²ȷʵиġ
ޱȵǿԼоеİ֮д
УһʲôĴڣ
ĬĬĳ˼֮УҶٴνԼĿ⳯һȥڴڵĴϢţղҶûȥնɱΪ©ˣҪ
Ҫʲô
ϵ˵
Ϊبϳս챾˿Ĳ䡣
壬̫ʱѾʧˣ㣬սҲѾնɱˣΪʲôΪʲôȴٴεĸˣǺڰˣȻǵ˽ģ˾Ȱ
˵ʲô
ȻȴɵҶǻл
ܼ򵥣ǴڰΪʲô
ڰˣҶһֱûжٵĺøС
㲻˵ĻҲԼİ취
Ҷ쿴һ˵
㾹Ȼͻﵽʥ˼Ϊǲ򵥣
ʵ˵
Ĳ˵
Ҷ˫Ŀ΢΢
˵һ
ͻȻĸĿ˵
˵֮У׻ڣˣ㲻öһ
ߡҶһ⣬൱Ĳˬ
֮УײΪǺƽٵԭȫǵΪʲôڣ
ԭüͷ̲סһʵ
Ϊһˣ
ϴһĨӣһ޵Ůˣ壬ڵʱ򣬶ԷĺͻȻҺ֮ǰڰˣҲײ𣡡
˭
Ҷ֮дһĨ٣˵ֶΣȻĲûϢب֮УȻûһͨŮˡ
̣
ʲô
ҶʧĽ
֣ΪʲôôôĶ죬Ƕ⣬ʶԷǷ˹Ůˣạ̊́Է󲿷ֵˣŻԵŻָ
ⲻܣ
Ҷüͷٴε˵̵ǿĻΪʲôԷڿʼʱԵ˵СԻ̵ݣССķ˹֮еȫȥɱȥư䡣
Է֣Ů˺أǰ˺ڰˣûŮ˼ֱһŮһ㣬Щ֮Уڰ˲ϵ׳ٳ棬ֻϢĺսǵʧǲأ壬Щһֱ
Ǵڰʲô˵ƺΪоÿԪʱǿߣѰҵʲôҲ֪
ǳʵ˵
䡭
ռ֮Уһݿʼ˳
Ҫˣ۴ˣ϶ʲô˼Ĵ¡
λǿĽе
Ҷĵ˵ͷ
ֱӵĴ뿪죬ȥܣ壬ؼ컯̹ʥ˵ĺᣬҶ첻Ⱥ˽֣Ȼǻ̵⣬ҶҪŮ˺߶һ
¡¡
ҶһƬ˲䣬ǰɫʱѿ
ޱ䣡
٣
ˣ
Ĵֻվĳˣ


2252 ѹ
ѣ
޾Ĵѣ
֮ڷϯ½
½ʱѾǧٿס
һεεݻ½һ籩ꡣ
ৣ
Ҷָ΢΢һһָָ죬ĺȵ
һ֣ȴһžɡ
ʥǿߣһһУ޲׹
ǿߵ̬
Ҷ£ʱһе޳׵ĸı䣬һһ㣬ʱе׵ɢԶԶġ
ʥˣʲôʥˣؼףʱҶ죬ų˵ľһһжԹͨز񷡣
ߡ
һ֮УҶѾоˣ֮УǿϢӡ
ĳˣ
ҶﵭЦ
â˸˲ʧ֮䣬û˿Ĳ

ҶĹ磬ʱҲؼľޱ䡣
Ҷĳ˦˲һطԼˣԼһС

ʥ֮ǿƥŰ˲ͣ٣ָԭòҶȴǲģԼȫŵŰ˲ͼ֮Уʧ
֮У
սޱȵǿңڷϯ
һ̣
һ㣬֮ϣһֻֻѸٵĳΧŰ
ÿһֻƣʥΪ
ȡĲ壬ȫ壡
ǿʥǰҲø׳ƳûзĿܡ
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սһ֮Уһǿվϵڲϡ
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˫Ŀ֮д˿˿ɷжΧĸıѾΪĲȴ൱Ρ
ϵļ֮Уʥ˵ʳĳʳǳˡ
ԳһԽâ˸Ųм֮ɫ
ıһ³˵ķʽ˵̬ȻԱʥõȻǹҪġ
Ǻǡʥ˰
ԳٴεЦ
ߡ£ʱ򣬲ֻˣǵ⣡
ͻأʱһ˹ޱȵĳâ˸ת޷վأͷ·Ǳ׵İռһ㡣
˭
ŶԷǿжʱһ
ĵӣڵǿߣ
ԳУһس֣˵װ֮ѾȻˡ
ǵģǷڵǿߺڵǿߡ
ԳʣȷʵˢӣҲ˽һЩһŵ۵Ц˵
ߡʱ֣ÿһλʵǼԪΪľ磬ĳЩǷڻڣǵʵصĺܶడͲҪˣʶĻҽѰɣｫΪһƬƽף
Ǿԣ
ս۵ϴ˿˿񣬻Ц
ϣ΢΢һһɰƣת
е
˵֮˵ıһĸǿߣԷŵۣƺս۵˿Ĳ⡣
ǺǡһȺ壬˵ĪĻԵշĻȻһ£˵ȺˣǷڿˣ
һķǿߣЦ
ԷǾһκ˼Է֮Ψһ뷨
֮䣬·ҲûĴʻݴˡ
׹䣬ķ˸һǿҵΣȴľ
ǲ𼶵ǿߣǼԪΪĵΣƣǵʲôˣ
ս۵ȵ
ʥ
Ƿ΢΢һЦ黨һ㣬һâٵĴ˹ȥ
á
ս۵дϵѸٵݻһǿĶƣƸǳŶԷץȥ
ǺǡӦǲκΣûʲôãӵǵЦ⣬ȴһֲмζС
ãСģ
ԳʵɫͻȻĺݺһ䣬ϵ͵ĻһµĺۼŶԷȥ
飡
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ս
Գʵۿѣŭ
죡
쵽˼£˭Ҳ޷뵽ӵһָ黨Ȼǿ
ˡ

һ޴Ӵݺݵصֿս۵ǰٶϿľˡ

ֲľˣǿĲѸٵӡ
ӣڵЦ˵
һССĴҲȻǻζˣ
лЦֹ˵
ߡ
һ֮УһӰѾ
ۣϼת΢΢ĻӶѾС
ӣӣȴû뵽ȻõӣǸǶ˵ȴûʸʹã
ս۵ѪϴޱȵɫʱĵѾٵػ
սһ䱸ĿŶԷʱ׼ȥ֡
ǵȴû˿ģԷֲ̫ˣûм˿ֲǿߣһӾԽȫնɱ
ҪշǾͿ㣬ǵʱ٣
ŵ۵˵
ʲô
Ц˵ĿһȦٴβмЦһȺССϣҲͼ
ʥϵʷ֮عϵĴڣΪӽʥ˼ǿߣȴҲһӶ޷ʥ˾һȺ֮
ԳʵЦ
㡭Ǻܲɰ
ԳʣǷӵϱڿʼ仯һֱ޷ʥʥеʹ࣬ȴû˵˵
ΪʥϵĴڣʥ˼ǿߡ
ǵǰʥ˼ǿߣˣϣȫû˿ս
ǣȴԵĲǣ˭ǣֻ·һ
ȥүģӳΪǵūӵѪӦ
ҵסǣǴԼѪ뿪
ۻؿ˵
뿪̫ЦˣӦ֪һεĴѣҲӦֵ֪˭Ⱥϣʡ˭ܹӻǣأ񷣬ƴأκεһطǵıӻ֮أ
ԸĳΪƶɮūɣ
ѪȷʵҲ˵ǵĺΪһȺġ
飡
սۺԳߣĻ
ˣ
ӻתţĸȻĲľӸ׳Ƴ
ǻǲʵǰɣһεĽѣû˿ԵҳֶԿΪԿĽֻЩѪȴԻȥѾĪĶˣ
ҼﻹȱһȺ轣Сû뵽ôһȺˣ
һͻȻʱ֣˳ȥ޲ɴԼ۾¶޷ź;ϲɫ


2253 ʥˡսɣ
䣬ƺһֵĮȥеĹȴΪ֮ͼ
ϤѩǱɺ죬Լ˿˿ĺ⣬޲ϤǸˡ
Ҷ죡
Сӡڻˣ
Ҷ죬ս۵˵һСӻţû
˭˵Ķ˵
Ҷĳ֣ʱǵӵɫȻѿĶҶ죬ؿ˵
轣С󣿺ٺ٣ƺ֮ˡ
죡
ӵɫԽѿĵλȻһʥû˵˵Ķ˵Ҷǵһȴ϶һ
Сӣ˭ڹڵϣģҿˡ㣬һ壡
ڵϣҿһǿµģ
Ҷ쵭˵
ƣûƺǲӰ
ӵĴǷʥǿߴĿЦ
죡
Ӵĺ
Сӡҿǵóѵˡ
𣿡
Ҷ첻ÿɷ˵
СģʥǿߣҲռʥ֮ʵֻʥ˲ܹκεסߣϽ뿪ӻס㣡
ս۴ĺ
㻤ס𣿡
ӲмЦ
Ұɡ
Ҷ쵭Цսۻػ֡
㣿Сӣ㻹ǲ֪ߵغΪʲô
͡
һۼޱߵ貹âҶ춴ȥٶϺϿľˣڳ޲ٶǶ޷ǿǲΪҶֿܹס
ң
ս۵ӶҪɳˡ
ڣеֱӵĳȥ
֣ɱӡ
Գʵһ޴ħԳʮޱȣ˫ֽӡǾһأݺݵӡ
õģһ
飡
һײ֣Ҷٴε쳹
һ˲ң
䡭
ӵ壬·ߵķһ㣬ݺݵسŴϽȥֲĦϵϻһֲĹ֡
棬Ѫ⣬ֳϸСѪ棬а׹ǵĺۼ

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Ҷȴʸûнʱ򣬾˿ռ䷨ʩչˮһļ򵥺˳
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2254 
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ڵ㣬Ҳһ޴⣬㾹ȻͻƵʥ˵ĳ̶ȣϵļȷģʥȷʵ鵱ʳ˵ҪʱǶԿĻǲ̫ܣ˵ǵһȫ֮ߣ
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һӵĿҶʵ
Ҷ죬ҲʼйԹҶʥٴԹҲջȥԼŮϲСӣԹҲ޿κε顣
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ĵ˵ͷ漴ĿŹǿǣЦ˵ڣûʱˣǵΪﲻæѵûзղɢϢֻսನѣѾʥ˼ǿߣսˣ˵ʵΪǸ޷ȥģǾϣ϶磬ЩʥǿߣǶ޷ȥֿ˵ΨһܹģֻҶ죬ҪģǾܵȥЩǿ߹ǣֿסںͷڵǿߣ
ʱеǿѾڿʼսˣҶüͷ΢΢һ漴Ķſǿ߻ؿ˵
ǡطȥնɱŵˣ
صͷ
ӻмֵܵͷų
̫ʮѪҲǿ˵
үѾָ˼䣬һҲóˡ
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֮۶һƬ磬ǿڻӶеʥ˱һ㣬ɱ
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ݺᣬһʮ꣬Ԧı񽣣ٵأңߵĴ󲿷ֵ޲ֿȥ
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Ҷǿ󣬿һȺҲþġ
ͨ컹ŮԪʼʥˣÿһλſԳɳһҶȴûˣֶΣĿ٣ȫһȫµĵ·
ڵκεһʥ˶ûа취ȥ˽⵽ġ
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ҶĿţ˿ĲԷŭ⣬˵˵һշްն޷֮ȴҲз֮ʵǰҸ˰Ҷ죡
̵ڵĿʼޱ䣬е
òҪңҵݣҪ㶨㣬Ҫķô
ȻĻȷʵûҶȴȫϿɡ
˵ɣʲô⣿
Ҷ쵭Ц
һ۾ȴϵڶԷһԱϿţҶ첢ʲôɫ֮ΪһˣȴһŮ˸ˣǶôġ˺
ȻеҪ󡭡
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Ҷ˫Ŀ֮кâ£һ˿˿ĺ⡭


2255 £һ
֪ĺܶ࣡
Ů޲˿˿ĺ⣬Ͼ˿ĸо൱Ĳˬ
ǺǡһʼǶңǸʱȴ֪ǧ㣬ƣҲƣҲƣ޲ˣϣĴڣһ
ҶĻŮڿʼʧɫˡ
֮սʵϱΪģͨ죬һ֮ʣ壬ȴ뵽ҲƵĿʼǺһΪǿĿܣƿеʥˣˣΪ˸ͨĴڣǽ֮Уڳʥǿǿߣȴ޲УܣֹһһĶƣǶҪռ塭ǰɣգҶ쵭˵
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ǻ˯ӣһԪʼȻ߲ûֵôһƿأ׼ʥˣȥƺû˿ı仯ʵȴһޱȵ̬
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ʱ򣬴޷ŵɫҶ죬ƺҪҶ쳹׵Ķһ㡣
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ǵģ죬һ㣬ȴģͼصǸ棬ʵǿ󣬵ľ磬ҪĲֻķ꣬ϵϲŭ֣ԽǷḻǾԽǿ󣡡
ҶĿǰĴ˵ݣǴǶŮˣ˿Ĳ١
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죡
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ģ˽ģһˣ̹ŵٵе飬ΪԼţ𣿡
ҶͻȻıˡ
ָŴĺ
ƣƣүƹƹȥΪĲԼ壬ǲǶĺӣȴɱǣΪԼǿΪԼν񡭡Ȼֻһƣ
ӵ˫Ŀˣ˫Ŀ֮дŻǵĹâʱѾʧȥԭʥϡ
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һĸ飬ԼĺӱƣȴеİףΪƣŴ塣
ʲô
̺ߵϴʧɫ
ҵĺӡ
񣬻ؿ˵
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̿ޱȾ㵡
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Ҷɣѡеˡ
أȴ޷ƵΪǸʱ棬ʹ֮У޷㵽Էһ˿ϢǸʱҲ֪ʱԪͿݵʱڡ
ħһУԪ˺Ḷ́һؼԳɳʵȴ̲޾ĴУڸղţҪʩչҪĺͬھʱȴõЩС
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Ҷüͷı
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㻹Ǽһ°ɣ
顭
ҶƷɿ漴ʮӰĳɱȥ
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ָһʱصԪһľޱ䡣
һֻأһжıġֻ֮Żش򿪣˾㵵ı֮УҶ쾹ȻĽһֻ֮ء
㡭
ϴĿɿڴɫȫû뵽Ҷ쾹Ȼ˵ǿ
Ƿģ
Ҷ쵭˵
漴΢΢һĶߴһ
ô᣿
ùԲҶ죬޷ŵıεȵ
ǵģѡ׷ȥҲ
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顭̫ð찡


2256 
һƽ٣ƺת֮ɢˡ
еʣȻֻЩʥ˼ǿ߲֪𰸡
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زأҶ⿪˷ӡΪʥԭһεĺƽٵгһģȴ룬Ȼֱӵıǽӡˡ
ڲʣֹһΣҶһŮӡ
һҶƾͨҵѾģҽ䱩һ٣ȻҶҲʹŹֻӡ˰ΪӵһԪ֮У˵ԪŮϡٵĺܡ
֮ԻᱩһԭҶΪ˻رһµڰܵĴ׷ɱ
Ҷ죬ڵʵ˭Ҳ֪ܹŹķѶһʱ޷󵽶ԷĿֲ
ľ磬ٴεıҶָԭòԭӵĹϣȻҶֻصɹĻָʱڡ
֮ĴԪ̡
Ҷ˵ȴƺ㲻ʲô
Ǿ֮УһطһصĹ
⹬ΰ׳ۡ
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ĺܡ
ˣˣ
һ׷꣬Ц
һ࣬һ޵Ů޲ߵĿ
Ҷ졭군ˣϾȻ˻̵ķ䣡
һɫɱڵĳҶ˹

Ҷɫ䡣
ʱһ·񱼡
һ൱УһеŮ޲͵Цѣ׷׵ĳȥһͨ˸ޱâĺڴĿ֮С
ӣ硢Ůʡڤġ̵˶˾ͽڴʱڴϣһĿŻĺӡ
˵ڴ̽ܰ飿ҶĶ䣬˿˿ĺ⣬ؿ˵

һʱ䣬仰˲˵Ĺ
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ţǹŮߵͦ
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ҶЦ˵
ҵΪͣͲǰˣԣȥһ
ðɡʵ㣬ǽԪŵһͨԿףⸯ֮ǣԿֻһöֻܹһΣѰҵ˵ڶöԿף㲻ܻģ
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ͨһ㵵УҶֻӶ˲Ľˡ
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ĸƺǶڴû˿ǿԼӵʱ򣬸ϲõĲˡ
죡
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Ǿ绹ĴԪ򣬶֪̲صĺ壬Ҷλ
أҶ֣ƺǳΪһ˵һǿǣ˵ŹҶĴ˵Ҳ˵һ׷ӵһȺŮӺһӳĸط
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һŭĽ˳
Ŵ󵶳Ҷɱȥ
㾹ȻҺһϣ
ǣֻڶˡ
ӣԴƺҲΪĲ
ѪСһƲ˵

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