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һ˫Կ˵۾Ϳƿ£Ϊһ˫ߣ


Խ֮


1 òƽĿʼԽ
ÿʣ˵Ĺ£ͨһƽĿʼҲ⡣
һͨһһƽĴѧУ԰һ¾ɵĽѧ¥ѧŵʦĽ
ϣʦ⣬ѧʣһжƽͨ죡
Ǿڼ¿εʱһͻ¼ˡ

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ѽ¥Ҫˣɣ
ѧУӸôѧѣôõĵطѧϰǡ
ֵܣˣӰɡ¥Ҳ̫С˵㣬¥ҲûУУ쵼

ǺһҿʼܵĿѾ¥ӵĿյأмĻڴ¥мȥľŬ¥ݡ
ڣҽҶ˳ǰĿյվţˣ˵ƽ
ĸ˵ãôᱬըոǸ
ǰҵһҪⶰ¥¾ɵģ¥ݱط٣㣬¥ݶûУһϤ𣬿Թոռ¥ݵҿࡣ
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ѻ죡

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Ϊ³ͻȻе㷴Ӧվţ˵ʱֻûйˡ
ºⶰĽѧ¥ǰ棬ʦǿʼԼѧԷ©ģʱ©©ʲôأ
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仰ʵھǶѷУΪѧУαըΨһǣԱΪ˼ǶѷϸһոµĽѧ¥
¸ͬѧǣϿεʱǧҪ˯仹˯ڽģ
ʵѧУ뽨µĽѧ¥ҵĴѧ˵һõȫûãǲʹã

֧Լ壬Ժſ۾ΧĻһᣬֵ߶ôΣˣѰɣ
һᣬ㷢ֲԾԼʦôֲ˯ѣڵ״̬С
ΪʲôǰŷʽļҾߣԼô⿴ܹϵĴϣӶôϣԼӦڿ
һѵʺųѵ˭ĴЦˣѧУ˿ԶʩչҪ˵ѧУȫйȫ緶ΧҲҲǼҲԵ޹ܵǶǸĹ
Ҫ˵ĴȻ綥ģȴһֱΪ֪ⷽΪѧԭʵǿЦãΪˡ˯
˵Ϊ˯ҲΪ£Сϰ䵱ĹϢΪܸõϰֹ;ѧһ¡
ǣϢֻǵľ磬ȴѾ˶ĲΡ
ʲô˵ϢлֻС˵УʹˣǴشʵȷĴڣֻûС˵棬һƾһ¥һȭһӡ
лĪѧϰ˵ԼлȻֻһЩȭȣм˵
սеʱƳŵĲҲʧȺкܶһһҾļ壬˶ϡٵģҹϢҲֻһֺͨķ汲䵱ѧ֮һġ
ǿװһߣô˵ҲһǿǾûģ˶ֵĻʮͨɰƽ
Ҳ߾ļ壬ҲѾеһ
ԹҪЩﲻǴµĻָôأѵϷ˽Ū͵ģ
һ
´ʱ򣬷ԼϴҲģһŴ֣ȻϷҪȫף·ˡ
ڷ߶ȥѰû͵ĵͷȴʼûҵʱͻȻԼǰķš
ôôֱӳŲ͵ˣʲôͷ
뵽ǰţһĿɿڴľǰ
һԺӣһϵĲԺӣ⵱Ȼ㾪ȣһСԺӣǳļ򵥣˶
ȵԺľĵƽϵͣĽ
ϵĽȫǶʽĽһʮֹٲȻһУɲܽġ
һ͵ĵĻδе̫ҵˣֲǳţҪ
ԺţŽϵǣûע⵽ԼĴڣЩԱѵҵôãΪ˳ţǡŵ硱
ǲҲǼٵģԶɽӦöǼٵģҾʹûм峺ա
ˣһʣ
˵ƭأ˭ߣʲôʱҲʵʵĶ
ι磬Ҹͷʵ֫ͷԼ򵥵ģɸ㶨
˵ʲôǴͷתʵû˵ʲô
˵ʲôطʵ
֪˵Ļͨͷ˵˵
ȵȣ㷢ԾˣͷԼûģҪ˵ԼûĻ˺ȥˣֵǣԼȴͷĻ
˳˼Ҫͨ
СܻܵؼȥҪңͷˣһ仰ȥ
ʶ߻Ժӣʼ˼һУھԺˮ׺ͻȻͣȻŻصˮױϡ
ǰɣݣһ÷㿴ˮеĵӰһǰӣԼǰӢޱȵʧˣ⸱ӲˣҺûȥȻҺȺ˵ƴ
ʵϣǰӺڵĲ࣬еƫϵģ˵Ӣһ㣬ֻǹȥѡ
ͻȻ㿴Լ۾⣬ž˹ȥ
ѹʱѾϣѹĵһ仰ǡ
ӾȻԽˣ


2 Զ
㣬û뵽ԭҲǽ㣬ҲһɺϣҲĳЩ˵ƽۣÿ綼һԼ
½˵ĻģȴǶϣÿҶжˣҲˣ㣬ǶѪͳġ
Ѫͳֻĸѣ½˲ûĸûʲôӣӦһڣȻ˶壬ͬһ塣
һص磡
ȻԼΪʲô磬ȴ֪ԼڵѾԭ磬ԼҲԭ壡
Լ壬ҽոշʶĨȥȫĨȥ
ոεʶķֲ£˿ԼԲ˼ңҲҪ
ο㱾ͷովΪɱҵʱ򣬱֮ڵֻ˵ıԶѡ
ոճ㻹һǳҪ飬ԼʶѾȫݣҲӣһЩ䣨ȫģ뼼ܵȡ
ڵһȫµ㣬˵ڴԽĳ˵ԼԼ
ΪʲôԼᴩԽ񾭴һתûȥʵϣҲо
Ӽ֪ԭˣһ֮ӣǿһ塣
ΪʲôҪ˵ǿΪֻһˣȫˣûмҲһͷ⣬ͨƽûʲôֱҪƶһ㡣
ƽһ㣬ӵһԺӣȻ󣬲ȴµģݣҲµġ
ȥĸԭҲǹ壬һƽ񣬵Ժչʹ֮Ϊ壬һӵвλȻ˵Ϯľλ޷ȥݻǿԴȥġ
Ϊ̳˹ݣԺûбߣΪ½ϸĹƲܱģ˭һ֮Ҳǿᡣ
ͬҲΪݣԽѧУѧϰ似
һ£ԭ棬е֮⣬ΪǸˣȻҲȡģ֪Ϊʲôڵ㣬Ϊĸףļĸ׵ӡǺ
֪ĸʱ򣬾Ѿˣ˵ˡ
м½ڵĴ½ǿ½Ϊʥ½
½һ۹ʥ۹ʵڴ½ûκιƥУ£ռ½֮һ
ʥ۹мǶˣеңʥ۹ļ壬˵е߸۹ʵʥ۹ĻҼӰмҲȲ
ȻֻǾ˵ʵξͲˡ
Щòƺ޹أڵĹҲٹеһʵȽǿһòƣûǴĻǽг¾
ҵĴСӰֵط֪ȣ׶ǣһ½֪ȼߵѧԺкܶҵ嶼ѧԺѧϰʥ۹ĹҲ档
֪ԭ򣬾кܶ½ɶĸ似ħȫѧ
ѧԺѧԱ似ѧԱ
Уʮꡣ


ΪʲôЩ˴Խ֮󣬾ˣзϣˣҲϻָڲе㶾ѣΪʲôûн
ں뿪ڴȴûйֻŬֿϵĶأȻ˵ڵûϢҲ˵е㲻ͬȴۼһЩɢط
ҪģķЩȻ˳ΪȴЩ뵤ҪöƳ
ʱһȥ㽫һƳ⣬ʼʱѣʱƣĿƵԽԽ࣬ƶҲ˳ˡ
ԽԽ˳ʱ
˯ˣ
ǹϢ˹ʱ򣬺˯ûʲôֱ𣬶ҲԼȥܹ֮Ů顣
ڶ峿컹ûʱչ뵤ͬʱ쿴һԼ壬ֶѾų
үӹȻûƭңڹȻŶģѵүҲָ֡ĵһӦȶڹŶ黹ҿ϶Ϊ֮ǰûйڹû˵˺߶Щʶû˵
ҪǰϿεʱ򣬿˼С˵Ҳ뵽ڹƶǴ120ˣû120Ҳûе绰Ӧ˵ȥҽʦ
ʽү˭ģֻ˵˵
еڶӦϺóһľǡࡱŶЧԡ
ϴּģϴּ䲻Ϊϴ裬ĵӦӺʹҪŶ
ƾż볣ʶҵ˲


3 ˶ʤ
绹˼͵ʱȴƳˮͰԡߣлƵˮҪûеĻΪִŷ޵ĳųǡһ߳ϴϵۼһ
кܶණִߺ񣬲ʹõĲǵ֮ԴħԴʹõԡ߾֮һ
ҲȥΪʲô˵ȷܷ㡣
ĸ磬ƶȣ󲿷ֵƽ׷󷽱㰲ݵĺܶѧңǵĻʿܶණȻҪĻսҪĻ
ĹȻʩƣ˵ǸϢΪǸ׼ˡ
˵үò˵Լӿȡ仰ûҲŸոһ൱Լꡣ̾ѵүǸеĸ֣Ժÿྵ㶾ҩϣҪˡ
һҹ֮䣬ķ͵ͨϺüĽȣȻ˵кܶأ㱾һԼľѾʹﵽҲ°빦Ҫ򵥵öࡣ
ҲųΪƶأΪԺӼÿԵ㶾ҩڹֱ
ˣԵ㶾ҩоֵֹģϲҵµĶԣҲкôģĶԶĿԼǿ˵ǰٶ֡
һãŶˣƤͱİϸۣƤõŮҲʼʼ⵹ʧΪһ׵ĺð취ǰ
ʵҲò˵Ժ󣬾˵ڣһҹϤ˶ᷢ˺ܶࡣ
վӵĵӣ֪ˣ
ӲŲϡףǲǳСˣʱѧһԡҪţȥɳĮգһɺ̿ͷ
˵СҲٿʳǣõ顣
ϴ裬ϸɾ·֮ʱĵһ⡪ͣΪұؽѣͷһŴ⣡
磬Ҳ̫ˣȻ¹ĵز׵ǮҲûУ㻹ǹ
˼ҲԽҲԽҶǴԽΪʲô˼ҿԴԽϣΪʲôһᴩԽϣƽĹ塣

һ£ʵѾ˼죬Ҳ벻ɱҪԭʵǹģǰܿŸµһǮӣ˵ǮٰһĻҲͲɱΪǸʱҲѾ
ڵû
ֻڵʱΪԺչʳǣһкֺܶǰսɳ֮󣬾ϼҵ䣬ЩҲϲ˦۸Ҳɱԭ֮һ
ЩůǼˣԲûоֻǾԼԼ֪һ͵͵ĿޣȻΪԲʼɱ
ʵֻҪԺӣеħ˵㸸׵ΨһǴɷ죬ҪΪνĹϣʲôΨһԼҪñͨʵкܶ෽ŪǮ
֮һ仰㻹һһǴܵķϲģ
ȥʳˣȻͳ˱͵һĴԽߡ
ħ˼ţ׼һ͡
ĲƲУһħֵǮ⻹ģСԺӣֵҪ߳ܶࡣ
˵ħͼľƷħȴҲô׵õģħǮҲһŪ
ħ򵥵˵һʯħʯɣħʯ̺ʿʹöԼħʦǿʹþһֺܺõĸ
࣬ףûдʦˮƽĹģħǲ˶ӵС
иħʯĵȼֳһƷħƷΪΣÿһƷͻһɡ
ƷԽߣԽ٣һƷֱ֮٣ëһ㣬ڴ½ֻмšϡΪ۵ĸ綼ͨõģԸƷħʯֵǷǳĸߣǹҲһ𣬶ƷϵģǾĵ඼׵õһƷħʯĿǰΪ֪ӵߣֻʥ۹Ļ塣
ҪΪĹѫߣܵļνҲӵħ
ΪվֻʹõĻˣֻʵǿ˲ܷӳǿԼֻһεľƷħҲôһսʤЩƷħˣ
һƷħ


4 ѵ
ΨһмֵľƷħİȴϤС
ǳѧԺȥΪ컹пγҪѧΪȥѧҪϵģǡѧԺ̵ĶԲ
Ȼ֪һЩ½ĴǺܶ鶼ǲ岻ģ似ҲһҲһ֪ģڻ֪ôħķ
Ϊ̫ˣڶĳ̶Ȼ׼似ʦûнħʯ
Ҳ˵ֻܼˮƽ̫ͣҲСѧԺ˵ûȻٽʹħһˣҲ
ͬ˵УҲֻڻûе׼ܶС˶Ѿ˱׼ʹǵħеĻ
˵ѧԱǹ壬ǲһӵħǡ߼ɫ˿ӵеΡ
ЩҽһԼĶӣһص㣬ܶСԵĵ̯λͣҹжС
ĵβǺܸߣ϶ƽѣǮҲƽۣǰģԵ㶫ؼңԿһȴãǿŴ⻹ǵ˳ʣµġ
ʱͻȻԼӦΪﵵ̫ͣΪľԲ׸㵽ѵ͡
֪˶׬һǮΪʡǮĻ˷ĸһѵ͡
;ǲܵõģ÷ǳֶΡ
ҪˣԼ壬ܷܽŭĺ͵Уһ֮ˣȹ֮£û취
òھûа취ˣٺ٣һǲ
ЩҲʲô޳ΪԾͻһص㣬һϰȽ˺޵Ĳ
ϰ壬һAҡڵ߽žһƷħطϣȻֵ£׼ˡ
ˣAܿ죬һòƼ̵ĸϰͽһͺһˮϣͬʱе졣
Ȼ֪еĹΪΣΪԼϵ·̫ԭĻǵ̯ϰ֮ԻΪľƷħɲһ˿еΡ
֪Ż⽫ħͻһǲ˸ϳҪϰԹ
ϰ壬Ҳ̫˰ɡüͷ˵ƬҲֻƬ㿴嵰ôСѹԼôݡ
Ͱ㻹ôҪħһȥ
ϰЦAģ
ԭһֱֱּǼΪˣүûպƽϣһһסģֱ˵̬΢ôһš
ãϻϾȥϰΪ˲򵥡ˣ˻һͣصطԸҪ˲ϡ
һеģµľǵﲻõˣ
һᣬǰһ̷ʢͣһţ̣εͲ˲ϣȻƬһϡ
ҸΪΥʳԭ磬Ǽ۶Բˣþûˣ
ָоˬ
ϰĿɿڴע£̻ʵĳʢͣȻǱţ̡
ĶӣʱԼ첻ԶӦԶ˳θ
ǰֻ֪ԼԵĻͻͷпЩ뵽ˣҲܣȳ˵һʲô
ϰ壬ʳﲻ̬ҲԣԺŬˮ׼𽣣Ȼϰļ򣬽žĴţϰȴڷ֮С
ҪߵſڣϾҪ뿪ʱϰڷӦȻٶȴܵǰֻооԼǰӰһͳһˡ
˵еĵһӰ
ˣ㻹ûиǮϰ忴˵ѵͣǹҲС
ǮʲôǮͷһֵӡ
㲻ҪװͿոճԵǷͣûиǮϰЩŭˣûĹ壬Щֻǹ԰ͣǰȻװ֪
ոյͲһAģΪʲôҪǮֵ˵
ǷAûǮϰסŭ
ʱϸˣ˵ǷAûгԣʲôǮ
⣬ϰɵˣһתĻûȻøǮǸǻģҲøǮ仰ûӦǲøǮ
ԣġ
ϰͨԺѾӰֻϵùѾĳ֮С
һ˶֪ľ磬ȴû֪ƭĵһͣ
˭˵ûѵͣһǩеڳС
㲢֪ոڲòƻʵ޳ܵΪһ˫۾У˫вЦ⣬ž֮⡭


5 ҲҪ
ȥǰ취ܻһʱҲ첻һ
ݼе·ߣѧԺȥһ·ΪӴ㣬ѾԽ·һĹ滮
Ҫľǡ±⣬ξǱСȻǽ뷢ӡ
ιô·ߺϤ
ôôһοʼԹ
˼ҴԽĿ꣬££ҵĿ꣬˵˾úᣬĸݡ
ƶ¸
ƶһƶϴһҪ£
ݺݵԺһҪΪˣȻһҽ棬ԣ
Ȼ֪ܷ׳־ΪԺֻ֪׬Ǯ˳Ǯ㣬Ǯ׬飬ͻȥ
ΪǮҪ
оǿĺûҪᣬ˵ǿ⣬ǻῪ߼ۣõʱǲۣʲô۾ʲôֻۣ΢һ㡣
Ǻ󻰣Ȳᣡ
ڵڲ֪֮УѧԺĴţ飬ҲΰУţУ԰дߵĹС㡣
òʱҲȥעЩǰѧУʱ򣬳˯˯Ψһͬľǵص㣬˯ڿ˯
˳һУ֮˯
ǰǸзϲĵˣүվסһе𣬽ķƴƸϡ
ϲģɫﰵ˵һ䣬ȻǰȥҪƽʱҲ£ûȥԣΪҪȥѧϰ似
˵½似ҲװһҪѧѧ֪飬Ӧڼѧһʽ
㵽ڳһƷһЩ⹦֮ȴһһʽûѧ
ûôеħ
Ҫ˵ҪֻҪǿûнһҪﵽ磬ԼҪʮ꣬⼸ʮҵĻǾϷ
˵ˣִͨǹеɱ˼ʮĸ֣ҲԭǸ֮ԽԽٵԭͬʱҲ˵Ҫԡ
˵£
ŷƴƵֱ˴ˡ
һ˺ǰ治Զ·м䣬еŭض˵ϲģ㾹Ȼǣʲôʱӱˣǲ㻹
ͣס˽ŲڲԼˣ˳һУ֮ţϲģ
ù·񹷳Ȯҧˣҧ˲ؽС仰ȻûģιӦòҧҰɣͲԸˡЦ˵
ǰ˲ǸոԳƱүˣүӣѧԺĹ壬ǿԴԼѧʥ˶֪顣
ү۸㣬˵ģΧһΣͣҲǾ㿪̣
֪˵֣˼жòͽд󹷣ھүߡ
񹷣Ǿ仰
㲻µˣΪЩ˵òﶼ鷳ǿĺ̨ǿʵǰûУͳУ԰ĳΪˣѶ
ѧԱԼ飬ûͣ٣ݵϷ롣˶û뵽㾹ȻȡЦԶͣס˽ŲȵĿ㡭
Сҩ𣿽ôô͡
ûҩˣһˡ
̬ȵͻȻת䣬öסˣһʱûзӦԼǲϴˡ
װ̱Ͼ˲һ㲻Ҫ٣ͬѾܴˡߵеĶߣļȻﳤȥ
ͣЩԹ۵İ̲סЦ˼
Щ˵ЦֱӴ̼үӡ
վסѵΪߵ𣿡ү˵һϲģȻҶˡ
λүпάȽһӵܣϲСǶ㡣Ĵ壬ڹźǿļ׳άү
عͷЦ˵ѵҪ𣿲˼ҳԹˣҲͣͣȫ
άߵߣһԴֻͣܲ𡣡
ģֻҪ룬һܵллүˡάĻ֮⣬Ц˵֮ͻͷǰ
ϲľȻһٵԼҲ̲סеŭеʧȥǵرȣվסϲɻأҲҪˣҵӣҪһۡ


˶Цά̫Цˡ


6 Ҫвͷ
άű㲻ڱ¶˴Цʱ򣬾Ѿ֪ոԼ˵ˡ
仰ƽʱ˵Ļνмƣʱ˵ͻ˾úЦ
˵ǹ࣬ȴһ򹷿ˣⲻԼԼӣʯͷԼĽš
㲻㣬˵ĻάҲһ㣬ȴҶķϲԼۣŭգ޲ý˺Ƭ
άóס˦˹ȥ
ž
ûж㿪Ϊոһֱǰߣûпףûз֮ģŵô˵ǰάǲ͵ϮֶζԸʧȥҲãҲ顣
Ϊˣһͻˣ
үҪðҲҪþɱԵģ˫ʲô͸Ҷ԰ɣֻҪΪˡʶĽ׵û뵽ģֻǾ˫ʵؼѣòõǼֵƵĲϣӦֵǮɡ
Ǻͽ˫קвغã׼ϻؼҵʱ򵱵ۣԻ켸١
ףȵȣò׵˼Ǹ׾Ǳʾܡ
е㲻ϰ磬Ȼ᷸ĵͼ󡣲õֵǮҲٽһʱĳԷ⡣
ٺ٣װֻ֪׵ġ
ǰ似ѧԺ첽ȥĬ㲻Ҫ׷㲻Ҫ׷
άĬ𣿾ᣬҲӦĪһҹϵķϲˣŪһ٣Ļôưոݡ
Ŵ󹷶ֵܣάΧסŰγ㣬ֻ򣬲ǹһת֮󣬾׼ȷĲڵϡ
άˢӣٲִ˵ĹӸ磬ӦҪǿϲ١
ϻǿϺܶ࣬۸̫ϲˣôᱻ˵۸
˵үѵ𣿲һ˫ףҵۺǱɽһһƤëѣõҪͳȥĶջ㿴Ҷڿ㣬һɡװͿڿûȤЩ˴ܣûʲôô
ȵȣô
㲻ҪװˣףǾͱʾҵսǾͱһάŭʱ㻹װ
ȿȣһΪҪ׸ңˡȻԷսңپܾĻǿ㣬ֻΪѵĴӦ㡣һܼѵӣӦεľѿ
ӣԹ۵˶úЦͬʱ֣컹ΨΨŵŵķϲģôͱ˲ͬϷˣά˵Ҳȫͬˣ˾ǸϷŪģķϲġ
άԽԽѿ
һ£˵ˣ׼ʲôͷ۷ǿҵĹâڴĿſά
ͷάȴԺˡ֪ͷΪǴû˵˾ҪͷģҲ˵ľ̿ڡ
ҪҺȻҪвͷûвͷ˭׳յƴһ׳յӣ⻹ʡ
ûУάŭģСӰѾʲôˡ
ֱӾܾǾһ̸ҲûպƴʱˣҪǮƣ̫ˡ
˵ʵûǮƣԲԼ¡˶ǻǮĴԲ
ɲܾӦҪӦҲһάǰһǿƵ˵
ԿѾɹתƣڲǷڿάҿάӦĽڶܾ
Уڶ£һУΧڽֹκʽ˽ʱͻȻһУ棬ôҺܲ⣬ܿˡ
Υ߽ѧ¼ȡ㣬ҧҵĻ÷ѧʱסУſڣҪԼǰЦ
УΪ˷ֹѧͻɧңΪУԣЩǱҪġȻΪħѧԺѧԱ֮д軹бҪģ˾ʮʹãģᴥУ档
Ƕʲô˽ĶȴģǰʱȭߵҲУ㲻˽Ͳ֪ˣѧԺĵʦǶԴ˶֮
㷴һ£Ȼߵʦ˵Լ˽ǻĻΪһ˽Ҳ˵׼
Ϊʲô֪У棬Ϊ䣬ǰ治ԶΰĵһΪħȵħʦһսʿѧԺı־Խ֮һ
ʿ֮µĵϣһ棬Ϳмд֣У桭
άһһףȻûֻܺ˵ãҪʲôͷ˵
ȻֻǲͷǾһ㣬ͶǮɡЦ˵֪άǸϲҫĹӸ磬ϴǮԲһٸҡ
ˣ
ע1=10=100ͭ=1000ͭ壬1ͭ൱1RMBݶݶ


7 
ãͰ˵ģάȲ˵ڣ˰ɣǾ͵AԳȥ
άҪĶעΪֻ˵ˣж٣ѧԺ˲֪˲һѾƷħʲôûС
ЩүСǸСԺӸѲ࣬ħԹѫʽҵģû˻ѽ⡣
ȻƷħҲ󣬵ǻΪ⽣ǲҪ鷳ֵá
ȵȣ㺰
ΪһľӣôܶµĶԼԲУƷоƷУҵƷǺܺõġ
˵ҿһԭˣ㲻ҪʲôͷҲóӮĲͷɣҲҵǮͷɡ

˵˶ĬˣֳúܾĹ졭
ǮǮһͭ漣ˡ
ʵڶǮѣʲôҪһҲҪٺ١
ˣڿȥԳ˰ɡȻάһǰǰСӺһٵĳ嶯סˣԼǰ;ҪǻӰһġ
ɲΪһϲģٵԼһ
ֻһεΪѾһܵӰ죬֪ĽҲ鷳
ȿȣ㲻˭ҸɱӺ飬ЩѾ۸֪ڵѾô۸ˣԺ鷳
Ҫ͵͵챻裬ǾͲǵ͵ˣ˲ǳ̣Ӳġ
ڶͬ£֪ģȴûдûıԳ±ԳȻҲû
ΧסAԳάվڳ룬мʮңһ˺صؿŶԷһȴĦȭơ
Ҫˣص㣬Ȼ˵ǴԽţˣֻ˵ڴԽ棬ʵ棬Ϳάսʮа˾Ż䡣
һڹǴֻǴ㿪ʼģ̶ȱڵʱĲһ㣬ϾֻһĹ顣йϢҲΪϢƳ
˵һʼͲ;ȡʤ׼ȷ˵ǲ;
ž㽫ԼĽһ˦ӵȻŵ˵Ҳý˻˵۸ˡ
С
ӵ۹㡭
ǲýҪǰ׳տάȭڳֻҪ΢еӵˣ֪ڴʲôע⣬ýĻٷְٻ䣬ΪڻʹħάѾѧᣬҲ
پģҧҰȿȣ
Ȼ˽֪ǸףҸҿ϶ǰǸ׳һףһ
Ȼ㲻ýүôý۸ϲģʱʤҲᱻЦά˧Ľһ˦
ǲ֪ȦףȴںΪһ㣬ȭͷݺݵһ٣ȭͷɱýˬ̫ˡ
߳ɣڵʤ߳ɡ
ȭŵĻٺ٣͵ɣҲᣬǱٻһ׼ҴƷǰģջȥɡ½˺ȥֲļɣǰάûȭŹ
˵ˣƷаƣһȺܸߵƷ˿κƷϲûв似ֻвˣֻҪ㽫似ңֶһġ
;ͬ飬ʿ׵ӲҪ˵зֱǾǵõʱ䳤⣬õķʡȥܶ·
ڳƵʽ˶Ϊ֮һֻھڸʲôڳƣǻƵ
Ҫ˵ˣеĸֶˣҲƷİ֮Ϊǲʲôаԡ
ûаԻͲܽɣֻѧһƤëѡ
뵱Ϊƣһʱȥоס΢һ֮˵ǿ˰ơ
лرģʵһ޵ƷƷͬʱҲԴٶȡ
ȻһֱԹϢΪΪֻҪ˯Ϳԣ䷽ʽƷǱģҪϣܲ˯
ɣƣſά֣̬ܾԡ
ά˵̳㣬׼һ˫ȭȫͷϵΪֹ
İڸڴĿⳡ˼ľſάһӽ㣬һ̣
ȴ򶨵վⳡġ
ס
ס
һס
ڽʱ̣ͻȻȵشһÿάӲǼС
ָǰһָɵ
ʱ˶ʶ˳ָȥάڣǺܿͷһƭ֣ĸûһֻʲôɵ
⣡мˡ
ά̷ӦϻͷȴˣѾʧȥӰֻеԴһʹȻûиоˡ
ֹֻҪһ˲ͿԶʤȻǸ֣Ҳץסһ˲䣬תάȻһڿάס
ʤѷ֣ٺ١


8 ֻҪ
һȺŴͿųе㣬ûһӮû뵽һʤȻ˵мռ˺ܴأ˴۾
Ŀɿڴǽ顭
㣬һҵүȻŴʮҳšѸѳάǮ֮һֻСʮҺҡ
ȷάƽʱǮǲ٣Ҳһɺϵǣһ˴롣
ȴ֪ںܲˬҿôãŵõԭԤʮ֮һϣԽʧҲԽһʼͳʮңӦú㡣
ڡ
ʧĿȫǽţ
顭
߻ȣſά˺ü¡
ˬˣ
Ŀɿڴע£ϵĽ˧ΪȥԼĽȥ
뿪֮󡭡
үүû°ɣάлţһ֮󣬿άתѡ
ôˣոշʲô£ôоҵʹάĻеڳݲ塣

ңѾѧԱΨһˣԼҲǣոյ֮ѾϿʱ䣬ոպøϡ
ڵʦûеȻʱ˵ٵҲԣòƳٵҲûʲô˲ģٶ˵νˡ
ΪһУϲģڵİȻȫУһ࣬ѧԱǱģֻҪǲ¾ͿԣٵֻҪ̫־û⡣
־ͽ似Z01ࡣ˵һ£似ѧԺķַABCDE弶õA࣬һBԴƣΨİ⣬Zࡣ⣬е
˵ǲʦһ·£ǻǶĽ̵ֻЩİҪһ㣬˭ϲŬϽѧ
оǣһûһʦԸ⸺ͨ׵˵ûԸ⵱θԱ֮ģй⣬ǵĽ⡣
һȽеİ취һаĵʦ˳һ£˷ϲİ಻ǳɼλʦĽѧ¼
㵽ԼλúûãһŮ߽ңվڽ̨ϡ
Ů˾ĸʦһŮˣɫĳȻڼϣɫĳȹõİסϴһˮ۾òǽ۾̬Ͼ֪һˣȻҲϲİࡣ
ᣬʵȴڱǿģڵʦһ
˳һ£Ů˵һȫУĵطȫɰŮҲȫУΨһȫŮ༶
ˣҲкܶĽ༶иĵʦȥǸλðϵ
ˣ˵ˣʦֽаòƻǵ壬ΪҴûпκһһ
ɨһ£ͣƬ̣ȻͿʼΣɻôˣòǰûйϵӦ˵ֻʦϵѡΪʲôڲͬĶ࿴һۣ
ûãͷˣרȥˣڼȱ似Ҫ񲹡ֻòƣëַˡ
Ҳ˯˯˯ϰһص⣬ǰ˯ë˹
ͷǲˣ׶̹ɣвֻҵħжкܶ⣬ǺԼеǰİʦ
ʣֻʣʱشΪʦı֡ÿλ϶ʣشΪ㾳һ߲٣似˽һ˽⡣
ԽԽˣҪоĶҲԽԽࡣ
˭˵ԽͿ޵У͸˭˼似ҲǾǧģѧèĹͿԺ¡
ԼҪץʵȻ˹ҵˣˡÿΣ¶Ŀ似ﲻԭ磬ûʵױ˸ɵ
ʱĺܿ죬תۼĵһÿνˡ
ʱ̣㣬촽
㣡ıֲŬ´ξֶȡʤҪʵȥܶԷԺúĥԼ似ɡ仰ˣֲøո࿴ԼһۣԭΪԼάһĵľ
㻹ˬҪԺһʱ䲻ƭƭˡ
ȿȣ˭˵ģ
ʮѾһˣʡһĻ궼û⡣
ûܳԵѵͣȻҪƭƭȡ
޳ܡ
ʦҪĥ似Ҿ˫ֶͬ¾ͲҹͬʵǰõֶΣǻֱ䣬ǾͲεıԡػصһҲ
üͷ˵ˣˣթֶǲõģҪʵȥӮöԷӮôҵ𾴡
֮䣬һжǿ̸ֻҪܻɱԷֶζһּɣһ似ıɱˣթȥɱˣŴҶһѡ𾴣ҲҪֻҪţ㵭˵
ȥҪģˣһжˡԽ£һƷУڹˣֻһʬ
첻ǣֻ֮Զѡ˵˵Ǿֻ˵ѣҪ֡
ߣ㲻Ҫװ֪ǿάӮĻھͲվ˵˵
ѧУ˶ûʲôøУ۸㣬Ӳܡ
ĬˣǺ˺ܶණһʼʱҲ᲻̣Ǻö֮ͱĮˣԼǶԵģǡǡ෴ԼǴˡ
ҲԼǶѧ̫ģȻԼ࣬ǾͲӦö಻ŲʣЩ۸ԼѧΪҲֹ
󣬰û˵ʲô˼뿪˽ҡ
ǰ˵ѧԱоǰ㲻һˣǷʲô£һһҹ֮ôࣿ
Զ֪𰸡


9 
㣬Ȼʦ񣡡ߺӭȫͬѧŭ
УǾ˵΢һ㣬ôˡ㲻˦ЩĵˣֱſڣﻹǰŮ˵ķ˿ģȫǣһ
һ˵ַ˿ܷģеģʱ֪ҵеŮǻˡ

䣬ھѾеɱˡ
ԼǷǰ˵СĪŮˣڲŷԭ˼
ȿȣҲҲȻ΢һ㣬ֻ̽⣬ʦҺͿάܽѡúǰͰ˿ΪУǻ鷳鷳
ΪʡȴⲻҪҲûкô鷳㿪ʼתƴҵߣֻ֪Ҫ˵ά飬ЩϾͻ׷ģӸո밬̸ʱ޺֪
Ȼһʼ쳣׷ϵľһϸҲŹ˵һʱ򣬽ڶӶˣ˵ˡ
ǺһЩԸҪԷ߳Ա˵
ŶҲһѵ緹ֵˣ
ʳУʾ쳣ҪΪʳܺóԣֻǹȥѣЩѧԱͲʲô
ÿʱ˻𱬣ɺܼ򵥣ΪΨһʳãʱѧУŽգûرǲ뿪Խ
ʵ磬ϿʼϿζѧˣֻܽܳȻҪ洦֡
УģôҰѧϰҪ뿪ѧԺѧˡ
ǲҺǻɣܶ˶˵У̰ǮҪôһѧԺѣòУʳ֮Ŷصġ
УȻҵţ˽ʳ֮󣬵óһ𰸡
֪ѧԺѧԱǹ壬Ȼǹ壬ǾͻᱣһֹʣľֻѡĲѡԵġ
ԵĶҲһֻѡģȻкܶʵݵʳǳԵȴǺ٣ЩĲģر
һ棬һǳԷĵص㣬һ¥Ĺаᣬ¥žӣȻҲҪǮġУǸţϡΪż䲢Ǻܶ࣬ǧ˹ѧԱѧԺʳãżͱЩǮƵЩ˻ߵļǮ¡
˵һһҪʮңʵҲò͵Ƕʱ䣬żҪһٸңĻ˵ֱǮ
кܶΪͷԴĻǣһȺ񾭲
ûģЩЩ֪ûʵģڹòͣײ⣬ҲżһˣҲ׬Ǯŵ
˵ʳãȴõĺ£Ͼ˶ǹ壬̫ĻЩѧԱɲԣÿԼ㵱
ҲҪŶӣרŵӦµϲˡ
ÿһAͣʮţ⣬һƿķ׾ơҾù𣿡Ƚ˵ˣȻʴҵ
˷׷ҡͷĶǺܶ࣬Ҳң˵̫ЩҲǸԼԵģҲֻǶһͶѣǵ뷨
ʮһųϣڵȴ˵ʱ򣬴ҿʼҪոյĻ⡣˵ˣֻʮˣռ˾󲿷֣Ůֻпһ
˾ʮˣֻ˵ûȤȥˡ
Ҫ룬ǸŮһŮҲʲôС㣬ֻһͨĹС㡣Ҫ˵ͨĻǼǮȽ϶ࡣ
βҲеȸߣȻʲôŮҲѿֻ˵һͨŮʮ꣬ҲŮʮ˱ԽԽƯҲ˵
ֽС꣬һϲǮŮԣӦ˵ϲҵŮȤҪԶԶȤֻļӲҪѧŽѧУҲû֣ҲԽܲͱൽϲİࡣ
ȻΪŮˣаԵ֣Ծ͸ϸڡ
ȿȣȻôҵӢ¼ھͿʼˡɤӣȻͿʼ˵飬û˵顭
˵ҡ
˵ˮƽȻߣûʽԴҶеʣʼ˵顣
ţ̫ţˣ֪ʱ˶̾
ֻһе飬Ӳ˵ɴսٻغϣǳ澪ĶǵĿԡ
˳㣬һһ㣬ΪԼ˵ɸߴӢ£ǹԵ˿ɵУĶֿάͱ˵ĺͨǺǰһԱȣͨҲͱ޳ܡ
ÿάڻУҽԺҲҪǮģУĹءƣȻĻͲҽˣֱӾͱѪ
ˣ¾λ٣εĹ¾͵ΪֹλڸǮɡ˵һ緹Ļ
䣡䣡
ԴԴϡ
ԭǿ޳ܵزġ


10 δ
޳ܵķϲģ˵ǵʱԱߡ
Ǿǣʼǡ

һͣʳöˣϿ龭ˣһһ佫˵
ڱ𣿡Сڼʵ
Ļش

쵰似Z01ͬѧҵ˵֮󣬾Ϳȴɨˡ
ߵǣǵԼͣΪǴҷţķ׾ҲһѾӽβ
ãĶӣñþûȾˣķζĲףǲÿҰԷ
ʲôӣͲ˵ʮţһƿķƣҲܳµģ˵Ƕȥˣ
Ķӣ
㣬޳ܣС˵ﻰȻһ߳㵽ʱҲȥˡ
Ů֮ĶȾ֮ôһСŮͣҪҲҪ˵ġ
ʸ⣬˵ûأ
ȿȣû취ˣֻáˡ
ʱһСŮ֮˵˵СŮΪͲֻʮңһɫȹһͷںڵĳǾµС
ҿ϶˵һ䣬СŮٹĻһ㵹
СŮһӢ䲻꣬˵Ĺϵܣֻ̾
㣬գҲɡСŮһ񣬺ܡ
Ҳ֣Ȼôܣ㣬ΪʲôҪ
ɺܼ򵥣ΪǰСŮδޣһûѾµ£ʱʱ˵ĸǹϵܺõǣǺͺ׵ָΪ顣
СŮҪʮĽݣǧѰ丸ĽǵسźǿڣΪ˶µʱֻһͨĹԱʮͻȻʱתһӾͳĺ֮һ
˵ĻԼڻûнһΪĽƹ飬һֱĸΪԼֵܣڻûеʱ䣬
ĽǧѰڵ񣬶似˵ôû־ȻδޣǴȥ㣬һۣҪȥĻҲ˵
ĽǧѰǲûȥ˺㣬ҶЦǷϲĵδޣҲǸ֮һЦû
˵Ĺϵͬİ·ǰСʱĸȴǳĺãһˣ˯ͬһŴ
ֻСʱ˳˾ԶˡҲѣߵǸꡣǵ޸̩֮ӱȶ̩գǺ䣬ٱҪŵԵĶࡣ
Դһ֮ĽǧѰĹϵˣڵĽǧѰѾȲԼȴûеͷԶеԹֻĬĬܡ
ǰѾûѣԾͽĽǧѰСʱδ޵ݣһֱԼץŲš
ԽĽǧѰԽΪ谭ԼҸŮֻҪˣͻò
ȶΧвüΣ޹գɱ㣬Ϊôҿ𣬻ĽǧѰС
Ȼ˵ĽǧѰ㣬ȴϣ£Ǻܹ㡣
ʵԼҲ֪Լڵ㣬ֻǾҲǰߣҲǺߣҲ߶УѾЩˡ
֪ˣʱҹȥǡüͷͬе㷴е˵УڵݻҵδޣҪ
ȻֻǹģҲҪҼһ㣬ΪйˣݾԼŮ˲겻ࡣ
仰һֳ̰֮ˣ˶Ŀ㣬ĽǧѰȶڣǴûֱӵ˵⻰
ȻǰҲԣȴû˵ĽǧѰĲǡ
㡭ĽǧѰָ˵仰ʲô˼˵Լظ뵽ľ⣬ǺעصģʱѾִӱȶÿʶıһ롣
ǰһֱ㵱δ򣬶ĳˣΪԼǵģûлԼͨŮ
㣬㵽ôϲǧѰ֮飬õ𣿡ĽǧѰĶȶеŭͱˡ
ͺܺ㵲ĽǧѰм䣬ǰֻʽϵģûԳɶӰ죬ҲͲôջڲͬˣ㾹ȻֱĽǧѰ־룬һӻ
ô£ҺǧѰ֮飬Ҳֲ졣㣬ڵݻҵδޣֻҪڵһ죬ͲܺһмȻˡֱӻص
Ҿͳȫ㣡ȶŭ
˭˭˵һŵģЬʲôǴƬʱ򿴿˭ԿԵ
㣬ȶǶͣ£ĽǧѰŭ
һ£ȶ˵ûδޣҺ֮仹лԼģԺñ־롣㣬ţֻϵδޣҾԲ޸㣬һҸ׽Լ
˵֮ĽǧѰߵȥˡ
С쵰˵ңڳӲˣҶˣˣ
õķϲģСһ㣡ȶžȥ׷ĽǧѰ
㰡㣬ϲĵ׸¶̯ӣҲ뿪кΡ


11 ٴι
㣬ոյӺţУСǰ棬۷ض㡣
ڵݻҵδޣҪСѧ㵱ʱ
㱣ֳĬΪѾ˵üˣǰС껹ǼҲˣȻҪˡ
˵ʵǲǳʲôҩ˶ˡСˣеȤ֮󣬾Ϳʼˡ
ҩˣͨ˺ܶ࣬Ҳˡ΢Ц
һ˵ѧԱǣͻȻΧ˹ʲôҩô棬ǽܽܡȺСӶתȤҸոǵĻΧת䡣
嶾
УǶҩ㵱ǲ֪𣿡˹ͬӵ
ǶҩûһЩ顣ʲô벻ͨҲѧңҪʲôңǾͲҵ¡˵
ı飬ˣǰɣĳǶû漣ˡ
֪ˣ㣬һ벻ɱȻûɣԸͱˡҶ˵ͷԿһЩ飬Ըı˵һͨˡС˵
СѾͷ㻹ġ佱СȻǺ˵Ǳѩѵ˵Ů˵òǻ۳ɷǶԵģ
Ҳ³£ΪԸͻȻıһܺõĽڡ
˰ɣû˭ȥɱ˺ܲм˵ǲŲȥ¡
ЦܻŹˡ
嶾һҩ˳˾ûˣҩǷǳΡ
ʱһߴǿ׳꺺ӽŴ˵ˣͬѧǣȥѵǵòҪ˳ͻ仰ǶԽ쳣˵ģһͺͻ
ѧУ֪似Z01ѾǸ۸ķϲģϲ˶ķϲģڴһǷϲġֻԸˣһ߹ˤ˲鷳
Ϊ˭뽵ݣһϲȥ
Ȼûиı˶ǷϲĵĿڲǰ۸ЩµЧѾˣԼĿҲﵽˡ
ص⣬꺺ѧУ似ʦ׻ʵսĵʦ̴似ϣѧУۣʵս
ȻʵսͲڽѵ棬ѧУ߸ѵϿɰǧѧԱѵʵȫУֻǧѧԱһӼţĥ似ħ
׻˵ѵ֮һԼȻȥ쿴ѧԱZҲϰˣҸطĵš
Zİ࣬඼й̶ѵΨһÿѵȥΪZûרŵʵսʦA03ʵսʦ಻ZӢÿ඼ʮʮ˲ȡ
ûȥϰҸط£Ŵѵ
ΪĺôģԿܶ似򵥵˵ھ͵ʦѵ߰˰ٺ͵ʦ
ZΪΣӵģһҲûȥᣬֻǼԼѵ
СʱȥˣѾ˿ʼѵȥˣεջܴ½似µ֪֪ѵԼһȽȷķ
ۣ׻ʦǻȥˡZһѧԱе׻󣬻ӻ֣ʾǿȥˡ
㿴ѾˣҲ׼ȥˡû뵽Zʮ˽Χм䣬Ȼߡ
ιιҪʲôҿɲǱץԼ·۸Сϱһ㡭
һӲûǸȤȻʲôǿǸĵı飬˭ס
ʲô㲻ʵ
ʲôƭһͣϵȻҪϲӮ˿άǰ׳ʮңùǳһ١
Z˻϶ǹ̥ģǲ۸ǰ㣬Ҳڵ㣬첻µزµ
ʵǾԲܵ顣ؾԺͿʮһˣˣûбˡʮȥһѵġ
ûţ㲻Ҳ룬ѡص㣬ˡZ֪ѴҪнңֻûԼеġ
ţ⣬ķƣǵڻš
ȿȣǺðɣҴȥһطε˵

ˣ㽫Zʮһ˴һϤĲƭƭȵǸ
ôˣﲻӭ㡣ϰ忴͵ǮҪֻϣ뿪
ϰ壬Դ˵ģ㻹ڵϵǼ¶԰ɣʵǸֻǲķ̬ȶѣΪϴѹԷġ΢Ц˵
ϰ忴ʮһˣװ󣬿ǹ壬ĻҲŽɵĽˣӭЩȥᡣ
СӵľƲˣʮ˳ɨϵʳһĴѵľˮ
ܿ죬Сʮһ˳꣬͵뿪
ʮ֮Ҳȥ
ι㻹ûǮϰһֱ㣬ߣΪǰƹ
ʵϰ壬ľˮҲҪǮ𣿡
Ȼգ
ҪʲôǮҸովͺһˮ
ֻһˮȴһӲˣһҡ
Ⱥ쵰Ļԡ
ǳʲôʲôϵһԺʵ
ϰŭģȻ㸶Ǯ
ϰ壬ǲ⣬ʲôʱ˵ҪǸˣǳ˶٣Ҫˣʲôϵұĸ⣬ȴҪǮв˵곤һ˦ﳤȥ
ϰһ
𣬸СӣԺҪҵĲȻҴȣ
ԼĺС
һΣ˫۾һɺϵĳˣ


12 һ
У˽һ㣬һжôʡĳУǰûмҪ˵йʽųǵĻ٣ʽֻ˵δ
˵һЩ棬侳ĸоǲһ飬ûȥͣÿԳû
ֻߵ·е֣òƲǻؼҵ·ѵ˵Ѿ·ˣϾϣǵһγš
·ʲôˣǽҲ߳һССųǣñ·ǻ֮
ﲻǡ
Ҹ·
һԶŮˣ΢ЦʵС㣬ʰôߣ
ҪˣҲؼҵ·ȥ꣬ǰûȥǰܼ򵥣Χ٣һߣѧԺ֮
ֱߣ·Ȼתһֱߣ·͵ˡŮ˺ܸ˵Ϊָ·û˿佱Ļ쳣
е˷ܵʵСܵܣýƯ𣿡
ţˮܽһ㣡˵仰ˡ
ˮܽأСܵܣԺҪ氡ܽؽһд㡣Ů˸еһԼȢ˸źšܽؽ㡣
һһܽؽ㣬ֺ㣡
ٶ
աܽؽ㡱ָ·ߣ׾ҵҪҵ꣬˵ȫģòƺͨһҺͨԺӡ
ʲô񣬱ǣСԺӲ˶١
ֻӪһˣ֮վտģ
ĿΪ˶춫ԵȻҪõλ˰ѡ
²ϣҪͽңöһţһʹ˹ǵ˵ĻѾϰˡ
ֻħֻ߲ͨû˻õ˵ãǼӹҲﶨĻ϶ǹ壬ǵǲǮ࣬ǰ˲ЩװҲǮһѿװʣµľҪġ
ħǲǶҪĲϣҲĵط԰˲ṩֲϣֻеռŰӹ
㿪ڵҲΪҴһЩĶ켼ߵľ㣬ҲĻǻ鷳ˡ
ʲô˵Ȥˣͣе飬㡣
ġһ˵ԼҪĶҪ󡭡
Ļ֮󣬾üͷͷ˼룡
Ҫʵһ׸װΪ֣һһϣһһϣһСȲλġ
ͨĸװûҪĻͲ鷳ײͬҪϲӰԼĶұҲЩװͬʱҪһӸء
ԣ׼ѵʱ׸װƽʱҲһš
֮󣬰̧ͷ˵ҿʮȡϾͲˣֻһϣĶѶϣҿṩ
ڰ˵׷ԼյߣѶȵĶ߼յö

ʮʱ䣬ÿһҡҰĥĸزϣһ㣬ңǮҪյģȻôӣôԼĶ
˻еĸزϣеһʯͷطǳһСƬʮأҲ׸װĹؼûҪ󡣲ֲȴۣ洦ɼϴĥҲҪ̫ĹɣԼǮ͵ġ
ãպʮңң㽫ǮݹȥˣȻϺûʲôȴڰˣǲǿٵǮոպò಻ٽϵǮߡ
û취ǴӲὲۣ˵˶پͶ٣˭֪˲ҿۣ۸ԹҲûȥۡ
ǸŹܲܽá۾һŹ߹ȥԣǹǿģȻֻһ㡣
⹭ҪĻ͸㣬Ȼǿ˵㣬ȴħûϲá˵Ȼʵغãǿȴ󣬵ǻѵĲϲֻ࣬ʱѣҷѾʽ
ֹ˵ԼĶҪòмֵԾֱ͸㡣һ滹װ˼
Ϲħڴϣ뵽Լֱ޷ģͿʼΪɣ
ʸʱ
ȴЦһ
Ҫҵ׷ҵ
ȴЦһ
ޡʱ

޽ġһСеĸо˶ᱻԼ𺳵

ĸ˵ڹǺ



13 Ϊˡҩƶ
һۣһһЩζƷؼңŽֻһŴĳҪˣЩƭģǴг˵ġ
ǮôģҲҪˣпάһ˫ף½Ƶ̵⣬Ե䵱һЩͽֱˣ׼ءõǮȽ϶һ㣬ò˫׻һҡ
ǺЩ½ʳ϶ģҲֻ˵ˣйҲʳҿܶණҲνˡ
ֻάҪǱ֪ĻǾֻһ䶯
˽֪Ǵϣսʤͻûף֮׾ͳ˱˵Ʒ
עˣƷӮ˵˻úղ˫ףΪԼսҲǶԶֵһ𾴡
һӵףͱʾսʧܵˣڼ̤˵ϣεΪй֮޲
ȻȥǮһһҽҪǱά֪Ļһ᲻һе׷ɱ
Ͳˣʡһ١ΪһٱԣڵĶӻʡʡˡ
ϴ˳ϴ·ȥ
ԼǸºӣڼңļңʱ򣬶Լ£ϴ·շᣬҲᡣ
ǸʱõǹֻùˣڴΪʲôҪŹҪԼԣԵ⡣
Ҫ֪廹ʮ꣬ǳʱӪһҪḻ
ϴ裬طһ£Ȼϴ˯ԣӦ˵Ϣ
֮ǰ㻹óû嶾ŪһСȥɲҶԣ˭֪ϴǲΪԽ弤ҪûǿһغǾ͵ùˡ
ȴʼԺӰɡ
붾Կ̼ٶȡ
ڶоӵٶȻûĿ죬ڵʱˣԼķöˡ
ֻ鷳һɫ
ԺҪ˯ʡҪϴ·ҲʡˣұҲҪǮĶ
ȥԡϴһº㴩ڿԺƣ峿ĺʱ򡭡
˴һСʱ֮콥ҲȥϴһΣϸɾ·Ȼ͵һ棬棡
˵ƻĺô涼ǳ˳֣һӾˣҲʮеԡҪΪǵһ棬ǰڼҵʱ򣬾;ʹð棬ԻΪʵʳѡ
ﲻɰɴҹȥ̯棬ǾͲԺûǮԶ
Ϊ뷨ǵҹһֵ̯λ
Ǻ󻰣Ҳᣬڳ֮󣬾ʹħȥѧԺõĹԵģȻš
ѧԺܵܶ˵עĿδҿǰĲһˣǰǱӣǺ档
췢飬ѾѧԺԴжת档棬ǲԽ˵Ҳ˦ЩˣֱߵԼĽҡ
뷨ҪǱ֪Ļͻ
ôˣôûҾҽô죿άүôұ
˭ԣǴвӮ˲ʣ˾άһЦҲãҲֵ徲
Ŀγ̺һҲûзʲô飬ΨһľǵʦˣϾZ࣬ʦȥ
ûرıֻ֣ȥͼݽ˼һǻһδ߶ħһйض﷽ġ
ǰŲýͣҲ֪ʲôǱΪԺҩ׼ǰҪҩҩһ¾ûˣʱҪ
ֻȥԼҩˣʱȥɭִԵʱ򣬿˳ɵҩȻҪҩҪҩ˽⣬ǺͽⱾйضҩ顣
һ˵ֻҪˣֻҪˣҽЩ˽⣬Ȼ˽Ĳ࣬ɽҩǾģֻҪ˽һĲҩ״ϰԣͿԺܿ֡
ڲֻ֪롰ҩΪĿĵΪȻΪһƶʦΪͨĶҩ㲻ͿʼԼо
СһͣΪûǮֻò䷹С˵һֶȹеʱ⡪ѵ߿飬һѧԺֽˡ
һطһֻҪͻеĵطӶᡣ


14 빤
ӶᣬҶ֯ݡСܽίܸӶһ֯
ҲһѪ֯ΪӢۣ¼Ĺ¡ֻһֶѣһĬĬŵģǺƽġ
еǺҵģҲкƽģҲеΣյģҲȫΣԵġ
Ϊίе񣬲ָΣյıͣ̽ս񣬻һЩֻǰæӵģҳӣһ󵽵Ĺ
򵥵˵ӶʵһְҵӶȥ£ȻὫί˵ί壬ĵȼĳίº󱻲ĻҪֵһĴۣǿԶ
Ӷ鱨ЩԻûί˸飬Ϊֻлûкô
֮ӶͻÿвͬİţΪ󲿷еԵģ·ٸӣǵһƵ꣨ҪִľƵ꣬ưɵĳҪһʱæ죬ȻطӶϹطӶҲͻ·ѡ
һ˵ԽĵȼҲԽߣ¹񣬻϶ڳȼҪظϲл㶨
ҲӶĿģЩӶȻ׬Ǯӡû취Щ߷յһûʵҲûʱ䣬Щ϶Ҫ뿪һʱ䣬Ҫܳʱ䲻˽ʱ䡣
ҪԼʵϵͳѧϰ½ĶԲ˷ʱڱĵط棬ֻЩС˴ӡ
òڵУ빤
û뵽ǰûл飬ǲҲС㿴Ӷң̾
߽ᣬͿַǷ󲿷˶ڿһ鹫ƣѰʺԼȻ׼ҹԱ
˾ͻȻй֤ȯ˾ǽ״
ߵһǰԱȻܱɧţӶ֮䵱ȻҪһҪķߣҪȻӶָָתţǻ²ˡ
С㣬ҪΰӶᣬΪһٵӶ˵ˣ˵ˣʵԱֹһΪʲôѡڣֻ迴Ĵھ֪ǲɺϵġ
ǼڣͷǺֻǸСȻǺ£ʤʩ
ϣСҲΣֻǽһݶ㣬һ仯ûУͷû̧Խд䲻ҲԽȫĳˡ
УΪѾʽ˶ѣӱ٣
һҰοһ߽СĶӹȻһӣܿϣС
дٶȿ죬٣֣Ա䣬סַ
ϲ㣬ΪϰӶǷҪӶСȻܹʽڿϺ󣬲ûоٵĿϣֻ΢Ц̧ͷʵȻЦ˾úУоǹʽЦݡ
Ҫֱӻص
ϰӶǲҪӶģΪϰӶϸ˵ӶҪΪӶҪһЩС⣬ҪӶʵϣܸʽӶĵλ
ҪΪӶֻ豨֣ٵҲԳΪӶ֯ǾһҪ֪Ӷᷢ񣬺ܶ඼ί˵ƲȫϢϢأġܽһֶǼٵģһ֪ġԱ
Ƿ񶨵ġ
ӶϸƶȣӶһֻдﵽһӶſԽӵӦ񣬾ԲᷢԽ飬ί˷
ӶеһܣǼ¼Ӷϣɶ񣬲һӶۡ
һܣǡпܣ½һκ֮ʥУִеĹпҲ˵ħоĿɴȡɼ¼ʥеĴԼ׼¼ĿƬ
ֿƬһֵѪĹܣֻҪһѪȻſͻ¼Ϣſֻʹãʲô취һ޷ʹã
ڽʹùУõһֺܱܵļ׼ȷûκβٵĿǰΪֹûһ˳ִ
ִЩִȴ˵Լȫι̣׼ȷޱȵкò֪ٱȿȣעһ£ʲôʱռϣħɵģֻھϣû֪
ΪУҪ㣬Ϊ˷ңʥоͺӶͬκ֯ÿӶУһϵйԱһ⣬÷ȡ֡
ΪӶ͵õǵרħǵӶΪһ壬ΪµӶ
ΪʲôҪӶɺܼ򵥣֡ûǮ
˵ӶǲҪǮģǰӶҪһҵĴۣڿûǮ
ˣ޷ģ첻𡭡
˭˵ģǲ뻨ԩǮֻҪһӶҳΪʽӶһѸҰҪһҵӶ


15 һΡ򹤡
ӶУÿȼһӦ񣬳һ顣Ϊ˷ӶҲΪЧġ
ɲ롰Աʱ˷档
У㻨һʱɸѡҳȽʺԼģͬʱҪǣҲȽϲġ
ҪڣͲýʱ˷·棻ξʱҪϣſÿʱԼѧ߾Ǽڵʱ
£ʣµľǿʱ䣬Ѿõıꡣ
ΪʲôѡֻǱãһѡеıȣǾѡ棬ЩƵģһ˽֮󣬾Ͳˡ
صС㱨ҪţСһ飬ãûбȡ
ӶĽŸίţȥص㣡
һΪʲôҪôණʵ׽ͣίǱģȻôֱǲӶӶ˵ǲǽԼӶ
ϰԣһｻӶᣬﲢһǹصģҲֻǺͨһʯͷ⣬ҲûʲôҪ󡣵ֻίӶ֪ðҲУΪ㲻֪ﵽʲô洦ɼĶҲ֪
ڽţµĶΪָոռӶ˶ص׼ġӶڸոռ빤ʱ򣬻ûв䱳ҲûпԱ֤˻ӶǲᷢӶı־Ӷ¡
ӶӶ⹤ģû˿ԷðˣҲǰ֪ŵȼ־
ûеȼӶֻ֤Ӷˣȴ֤ӵжٵȼҲûŸ߼ȥҫ¡
֤ӶȼģֻӶϢǾԱܵģֻӶ빤֪֪ʥ۹ĻʵۣӶҲй¶κһϢ
ˣ֪Ļû֪Ӷᵽʲôʲôȼ
ţӶ˽ʲôֻ֪֪֪֪е֪
涨Ǿ˫޳ɣԺһЩѶȵҲ±¶Լˡٺ٣͵͵
ص⣬µҪһֲĥһЩߣʱΪÿߵʮ㣬ʱΪ죬ÿıΪͭңѡȻѡ졣
εģӦòۣ໨˼ɡ
̫ˣǰǼԵѧУʱͼǺͻġ

ǰɣ㻹ǲҪĥˣŮüͷ΢΢һ壬Ȼ촽
ţҾҴĥţܵ
ȥǱԭʯŮָŽһʯͷ˵

ͼͻȷģǸͻֹ
ŮҲεĵ⼸һҪƣҲˣԾô½еʽиʱĥּ򵥵Ļͨһѧͻᣬֻǡ
ûˣ߶ĥĥߣҲĥˣֱŵģµǺģҲΨһȡ֮ء
˵˵ġʡҪԵݡʡǲ͵뷨ҲʲôԹԡ
ǺʹӼҲǰɣתΪȥһʯˡ
ңң
ҵľǶԵģȻ˱˵㣬ԭʯٶҲܿ죬ǼӲĲת۾ͳƬ
ȵȣ
㣬ס֣Ů곤ֽе
ôˣӲͣסͣʵ
ҵʲôŮ곤е㷢࡭
㿴£ûʲô⣬صʯͷⲻģ
ҽԭʯû㽫Ҳˣ
𣿡
ϻô࣬ѵûзڲͬԭʯﲻһϣһ˵ʮлһϡ
ʶ֪ģֻ
Ҷ٣ж٣һΪҲʯͷ޹˵ԭոҶ٣ж٣Ϊʯͷҡ
Ůһϣֻ˵°ѾʣôܣƽʱһϾͺܲˣ㾹Ȼһһҿ
ͷңԽҵö࣬Ů°;Խӽ桭
ǰɣѵǸת
֪ǲɺϣӣΪҵԭʯȻÿһ鶼ϣиһƷϣҲΪĵһȻȴõһõۡ
ϻˣͭ뱾ʯͷõֵһǧҵĲϣУҪֳɣҰٷ֮һҲã
ΪҳĲϣҵڼڣѸ𣬳Ϊһε꣬λŮ곤ǵķ
ڴͻסȴΪ֪㣬Ҳõ˲ٺô
磬õĲϡ
磬õߡ
磬Լˡ


16 
ļ죬ȥϿΣȥʯͷΣŮ곤ģһԽ̵
Ҳһ˵ֹһ㣬֤ԼǱˣֻȱϰѣͺá
ôģһѿˮҼһúѿˮҼͳһˡ
ʲô˵ô㣬˵Ǿǣ
ڻУϽɸŮ곤ʵŮ곤ҲۣҲǵƷӵҲû˵ġ
͵ΪĮӣǵ棬ŽУͲ͵ãǾͬ⣡
Ҳ֪֪λŮ곤˵ԼõĲҲֵͨ˵΢΢õİá
Ů곤ֻ˵һ仰ιסҪ˵ⶫǵģ

⼸죬ҵ½ȥش⣬ķһҪ˵ش顣
оħʯ飬һЩʹħʽȻʽвͬǱȴûж𣬶ǽħȻħͬʽĹ
ó֮󣬵һ뷨ǡ
ָ֮
ǺЩע֮Ϻ
Ǻһ󵨵ĳԣֱ̼ħ벻ϳֺ˪ܿ콫סҪǼ߹ƾͻᱻˡ
ħһסе˵ͬʱҲڰҡ
˵ǣԭԼڹǿħԼоַʽЧʶҪڴ½ķʽõĶࡣ
ҵǣԼû£ոʵ̫Σˣ˵ħʯһһδ֪ģԼ֪֮ܲͬҪǳַɵĻ鷳ˡ
ңƵķϻе⣬ԼողǿԣɢȥԼͺǰĽһΪˡ
֮ÿЩѵ⣬ͶһѵħʯʹԼħԴﵽ߸ǿľ硣
Ϊÿ춼ȥͼⷽоϵͳѧϰħĴǿ󣬿ҴߣԼļѧϰߣӦѶȵо
ǿ󣬿ɲһ㣬ֻǱɽһһƤëѡ
ˣ˵ħʲôʵܼ򵥣ħʽħ½ȻħǴҾͻᴴħ似ôĳʣµĶʵõǿʽ
һ£ħʯԵģľǷϵϡеľϵϵϵһǳĿռϵĿǰ֪ľЩ
ϡвҪϵǿֻħʯȽٶѡ
ڲ˵Ҳµеħڱϵġ
⼸죬˵ƽѧУʱЩ۸Ҳûйˣܿά¼Ӱ죬оڵ̬ȣ˲ǻ
ͽС̬ȾһСһ㣬鷳Ȼ챻ɧţ۸
ѧУ棬ǺŵģֻŻԶԶЩ幫ӣûע⵽Ϊ͸ˡ
ʲôǹͷֻҪĳͻǾͻΪҵĽ㣬ųҲһ档ڵǰǿϺܶ࣬עĳ̶ȴ˺ܶ࣬ܶ࡭
ҪĽǧѰգͻᱻ
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ħϵ䣬̤Ժţǵġ߼סլȥ
εǱѾ˵ˣ˵Ҫ죬죬ָֻʱͿԡ
ǵĸ߹ٴסƬסĵطȫǲͬ󣬻û֣ûȻûеһһأҲǺԶˡ
ĽǰǨӵҲΪȨı־֮һĶԱǰеμ׾ȴô⡣
ĹҪһ𣬾ͲЩңԼʱһԸ£ʱͿϡ
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17 ʦҪ㡭
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û취ֻôõСʡ
ʡûˣոʣͷѾҪˣԭҵ·˼ףȻǡ
㣬ʲôΪʲôվȥҼң˲ǱˣǽյĽǧѰҲһˣһȺŮһŮˡ
ŮҲʶĵʦ񣬶ˣĽǧѰþǸŮӰģǰѧȻ似ʦİȻҲ似࣬Ҳ˵һŮǡ͡Ůˡ
ĽǧѰѡ似ѡħ㵹󵽵ġǰļУĽǧѰǺǿƵģСʱʲô£϶ͷе뱣˼
ÿζԼǽ㣬ҪܵɣǴʮѡ
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ĽС㣿ĽǧѰͻȻеѾİ㣬ڸİˣһˡ
һͬǰǾͬ·ˡǲŲһߣҪһǧѰļ
ȺŮͬʱ㣬ΪǹԼЩ׽ΪǿӽԼ̫ˣҽӽķҲǼ̫̫ࡣ
Ӹոյ鿴ǾǹǣȻôôýסĽǧѰʻ
ȴûһ˳ԷԣΪ֪ԼĵʦὫΪǾܾ
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ʲôãҵѧҲҵѧҪǣҲİർʦƺЩŮǡ
֪ʦ߼ĽǧѰڵһȽҪõŮǰȥ
ŮҲֻǰ棬ߵʱ򣬶ݺݵĵһۣھ㣬Ҫ
ιιǶʲôֲҵľǵʦ⣬ǵҪòá
ƣҲװҪʲôΪʲôҪԼ˵ѵйŮ
ȿȣǴ֣ǵҲ̫ḻˣҲŲˣҿǺܴġ
һҲӣԲŻ֧ѵңţһ
밬־룬ȻСʵʦǸʲô£òƲ̫ɡ
ʲô㣿ˡ˵Բ⼸ҵչǰ࣬ҲûΪЩ¡ĺܶԲ𣡡ͷϵصǸ
һ£ȻӦ֮ʵʦҵǸ
ôˣΪʲôЦոյĶУȻܲ³ոձʲô̬Լ
һЦǧģŮЦջңûţ
У˭ջˡ
¶΢Цƽ˵ʵʦΪ˵ǸΪеھΣʵ󲿷ĴԼǿһ㣬ǾһвͬĽ
üͷ̾ˣҲҪΣҵѧҲ÷ŲŲʣװûп
ȥľȥɣʦ븺εĻԺ󲹳ҾͿԡЦ˵
룬صǺãҪʲôҶԸ㣬ֻҪ
Ҫʲô𣿡۾һŰ˵
ǵģֻҪģҪʲôԡеˣΪĳ˵۾̫ˣòƻˮ
ˣı黹ջң
Ȼҡ
ʦһҪ㡭


18 İĸо
ʦҪ㡪ҰһŸ߼鿨ɫ
ΪҪʲôҪˣǵ˼ʵ̫ˣôСô˵Ҫȷʮ꣡
ҪֺúѧϰϵľѧҵΪأ
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ֻҪ鿨ǸͬѧҲע⵽ʵսεʱֻһһ߿飬ûȥμѵе㵣ġ
˵֪ʶǰ˵ľ飬Ͼǰ˵ģԼģҪǽֻ鲻ѵ
˵Ǿнӿɽ̰
ֻ֪뿴οοȻǶҪ飬Ҫ˽½似˽½ħоһЩ½ԼĵĻ
ⲻȫļ˽Ķʵǲ࣬ԺҪ죬ͱѧЩ˵죿⻹˵Ȼ½ߣѵǹһ
ͳϣÿԽߣǶҪ磡
˭ģ

˵ҲһӣֻҪ㹻ʵͻȥõ硣
õģ׾ͺãȥҪʲôģҲҡҲû˵ʲôֻԺʱ
˵ȻҪģԼĵʦ˭ھʡ
ǺͿʼ밬˵似װ˷ŮദĴʱ⣬ҪЩ׷֪һὫͶء
ҪİᣬĺøУŮͶͱǲҪˣԣӦĳ˲Ůֻ֪о似
˵˵ţȻעǰˣĽǧѰ˿ʼһעţ˲ʦ֮ĶԻʱûйˡ
һܣһע⣬߾ʧɢˣ
밬ע⵽Լɢʱ򣬿ʼҲû⣬ֻǼһ˵ţһţֱе㲻Ծ
ʦòڹְɣ̽ԵʵȻ֪Ľݼ·գոѾ߹ҸոհȦӡ
Ŀ㣬˵ûְһֱߡ
ߣѵ㲻֪Ľݼʲôط𣿡ʵ
ͷе㲻˼Ӧš
֪Ͳ֪ʲôò˼ģʲôڰıеֻ֣û⡣
ΣΪ֪Ҹߣû뵽㾹Ȼ֪·
ΪʲôҪߣȥͿˡü
С㣬Ҳ֪·ʮ㣬ʦƺС㡭
ô᲻֪δްȵôҲ벻㾹Ȼ֪Լδס
¼֮ǾͺˣҲûȥ¼ҡ̹׵
֪˵ΪĽǧѰ֮е⣬ֻԼ
ô죬ôȥң
ô죬ˣ㿴˿ܣȻصô򵥵⣬ҪŮѵŵ
Ҳ㲻Լ˿ʼΪԷ֪·ţͷȴֶԷҲ֪ߵﶼ֪
˵ͿʼҲ˶٣ǲ֪·Ǽʰɡ
ġʡڸȥĽݼҵ·ߣȻʹŰĽݼȥ

ĽݼҵĴţвɵøпǵˣôоһγôԶ
֪ոհΪʲô죬ԭһ·գµǣӿ壬Ϊμ紩ıȽʽǴ۾
ոȥ·һͷѾˡ
˰죬һСҵԺİԭһȽƵˣֲԣתתȥ
ǣߣһСһ߶û취ֱ·߶ˣֻץýģ
ԴˣֻǾе죬ҲûʲôֻһʮССܶ࣬һѧ
죬ֻǾеܣԼѧһ档
ʵȺŮ֪Ǹ·գֻûеѣҲΧֹ߶û뵽᲻֪ĽǧѰļ˶ˡ
ʦ㣬ôĽǧѰȺŮſѾ˺ܾã˵ǣԼʦȴӰòȴ
Ҳ˳㵱ӭӭԼЩѣоĽĿˣŮſӭҲһ˾˼
ڣĽǧѰȺŮе㾪Ŀ밬һ֡
㷢Լ˻Űַ̽ſȻصǸո˵ʱ䣬Ҳûгٵô˵ѵǶʶ·ո·ˣǵʦ߶Ρ
ûٵҲˣǸϿϯɣĽǧѰ˵֪ΪʲôڿŰʱе
æǵģȥĽݲеҪ˵˵ܺЩŮһҲ£Ծ֡
ĽݲƺҲİˣǰ㲻ǶڽĽĽǧѰһۡ
֮߳󣬰ͻȻʵ㣬ո·ǣǲҪ·
ǵģҲ֪µĽݼҸôߡȻְΪʲôôʣǺ̹׵˵±Ц
찡Ȼ˲֪Լδ޼ˣǲǰ׳հ
ŮһȻ󶼲ŵĿ㡣
ĽǧѰһΪʲôôİΪʲôľ룬ⶼǳԼϡ
Ǹʱʼͺȥ㣬һ֮룬¼ҵסַû˵˵


19 ȥ
Ҫʲôƽؿǰˡ
ո߽Ľݼûãǰ˾ͽ·סǰ档˴ҲһİǸĽǧѰѡȶ̩ա
ʣεĿľΪĽǧѰ
ûȶΪĽǧѰġϰģ֪һš
⼸ʵ㣬ײβģڷѧ˾ҲˡѧУʱֲ㣬Ϊ±˿Ц
˵ᰲУſڶ𣿴ˣǶˣȴ֪ʲô취ȥˣһֱ벻ͨ
Ҳֻһˣûͬ飬ҲΪ޺ģǲвĴڡ
㣬Ҹط̸̸
Ҫһڷ
ȶû뵽ӣס˵ΪҪ
˵˲Ҫ˵֮󣬿˿ɫܲõıȶҪ˵ʲôѾ֪һǾ仰ҺĽС㻹ûн֮ǰǲһû
㣬˽谭ǧѰҸҸ㣬κζǧѰҸк飬ҶһὫĨ㶮ҵ˼ûУȶĿ¶׹ؿţֻһ㣬
Ҳظһ飬ҵ飬޹أԶԣȴп࣬Ȼ֪ȶԼԺӳ鷳ԭ⣬ԲЭ
˵ˣӾҪܣҪܱ棬ǻ
ˣԼҲ˵ǰıȶ⣬ΪԼԼ
Ȼһ˵ȴȫͬ
ܶ˲Ƕ˵Ҫһ˵Ϳ˵˵ǺҪΣ
У˵㻹Ϊӣһ˱δޣȻǹģҲٱ˱ƵҪĻͶй˵桭
ԶԣǾǣһΪ˱ȫй˵ӣȻɾͶһ磬Ǻصģ
ʵ̫ΰˣΪ˴ңԼİȫ

òƸԼһܺõɣٶʥһѵ񡪡סӡ
ǾƣҪߡȶߵͬʱ˦ȥҪĽݼңͺܶ࣬Ϊ˹ȨӲסûȻĻھѾóˡ
ƾƣǲѵ㲻𡣹˽죬ѧУҵңӮˡڼҵʱ򣬾̼ңػо
Ŀǰķ룬Ƕ˼ʱͼʱڵЩ˶ԿҪ˵ǼеκһʵڵҪǿϲ١ǰ챻ܵĿάҲһʤֻüƲ߶ѣʵʤ
òƼƲҲһʵЩȻˣбġ
㣡ոֺͱȶ˵ʲôˣڱȶߺĽǧѰ밬˹ԶԶȶһˬȥ֪ոĳֵˡ
ûʲôĽǧѰĵһ䵭ػȻһȥ
Уʲôˣʲô˺ˣôʲô
ˣĽǧѰʵڵ֪ȶĻǺܳܵģ˵ȶܹôǰһЩʲô£Ǿͺ˵ˡ
С쵰ڵ㣡ѵ޷صȥҲٱĽǧѰͻȻǰ顣
Ǹʱ㻹СҲһСÿΣնܼǿػὫų㱣һβ㸶
һΣͻȻѪŴˣܵɭˣмһֻǣǸʱŵ󣬶һСŮȴҪȥԿҲһʤķǡ
û֪ͦȥģֻ֪ˣ˺صˣȴ
˺ۣڻıϣһĿĵİ̺ۣҲŮϲĶҲϲ¶ԭ¶ֻһ㣬ִ
Ϊʲôǰƴȥȴ֮
ֻΪڸսʱ򣬺ģ鲻õʱ쿪ʼ֪Ϊʲô˶Ѿǲסˣֻ֪Ǹʱ򣬳˼䣬˵һ䣬ҵ²ܡ
ĽǧѰһ䣺£Ժ󶼲ܡ
ȻŻؼҡ
ʼֻһСìܣǺ˶ҪĽǧѰͺټ棬ΪĽǧѰңѧУֲ˦似Z01࣬˼ĻἸΪ㡭
ı֣һֱĽǧѰʧ
ö֮ϵԽԽԶ
֮أΪһСС£һܵܵĻı䡭
˫ϧȥأͿԶʧȥ飡
Ҳ˵˳ˣյͯ鿪ʼµĸ嵭
ˣϵ飬㲻Ǻ˽⣬Ϊܲļպöκģ˵ЩҪ
ǰĽǧѰϵ罺ᣬҲǰ㣬
֮һ仰㣬ͬˣͬˣԴ£Ȼȫͬĸо뷽
֮ҪֻΪ˽һЩ£ϾԺҪǾ˵ԺĿǶĿ
ҲǣΪʲôΪǰĲ¶ȶΪЩԺ󽫻ϢϢأ˦ĻἸΪ㡣


20 Լ
ĽݼҵУڿνǱЩͲûеȴΣ񲢲ýǲڶʲô뷨
Ҳǣᣬ󲿷ֵ˶Ϊ˽ʣΪĽǧѰգǵֻӳ棬ͨ׵˵Ҳǳųġ
һ˵Խ࣬Խ߹˼ҵҲԽ󣬶ĽƵӻСȨ󻹲٣Ҳгϯ
òƾǵıŮƺĽǧѰϵ˳ϯ˴丸⣬˽˵ԭ
λҹʲô֣Ͳ֪ˣֻǵСʱҲΣһˣһء
Уе޸̩գ֪ĽһɵģҲ˵˵Ľߵġ
ЩУȻһһɣĸ磬ĸҶһġ
ݲɿϢĽ֮ôڵλãҲ޸İ
£ȶĽǧѰһĻ۶˭Ҳã޺ġ
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΢΢һЦشǲµʱæкˣûʱ䡣ڻеʱ䣬̸һ¡ܿģò˶á
Ǻðɣǵ԰̸̸ĽϵǸȻ㵽Ļ԰УʵľǺεȵķḻȻ׼û㣬һ˵ҪԼ̸顣
һСʲôأĽƲ²ΪѾûм㣬֪Ľô֪Ҫʲô
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Ŀǰ˵ĽǧѰû飬ȻŲʣҲûи˺ٶڵ˵ûС
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ǲǡĽ뵽һܣΪ˱ģǾͿѯʣû꣬ͱƽϡ
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ô½ϣףǿԿ˫ϲϣϲ֣½ڸȨбȽϸߵͬ
һ˵ָΪ黹͵ף˫ͥ棬Ϊ󶼻һû˻ᷴԡ
˫֮ز࣬Ѿϵʱ򣬲ŻӴԼ
ǱԷӴһܶ˵飬Ͼô˵ҲǱ˲Ҫˡ
ǡ
ˡֻҪ߱ǽӴԼˣ˭ģͲҪ˵ˡǻȥɣ㻹ҪӴˣûĽƷԵĻֱ߻
ȿԹȫĽݼҵӣֿԼܵĻԼ˳ȻԼԿһ㣬һõİ취ˡ
ԿͳԿڣԺһΪĽݼӴԼģ˵˭ǸӡϾ̫ˣԴҲ뵽Լ
ֱ½ʮ󲻿˼֮¡
Դˣ뷨ǣΪ˾Ҫһ㣬Ҫ֮ҪŮһ㣬йˣҪڶŴûдԭʱ
ֻˣҲ֮ȴƫƫҪ


21 ìܵĴ
ʱ㷢ְĽǧѰŮѾˣĽǧѰɻ󲻽ԼӦǴӱĽȥ̸顣
Դˣ㲢û⣬ʳĳǰ棬ӣʳ
ֿʡһ٣
ҲҪΪĳܶˣ룬෴ĳţܸ߹ǰ̻ȫͬʲôĳϣӦʲôӣ
Щ̬ѧǰڵʱҪ֪ѧרҼȻ֪˾ܸ߹šҪ˵ֻҪҵио
ΨһıľǣһЩҵĸй۽ϣӦ䡣
ǲҪ߹ƭˣԵöȴܶ࣬ٶҲܿ죬˸еĵطȫǺìܵ飬ȴƫƫڴҵǰ
ǵˣôҾֵǣԵĶͲˣΪʲô廹糣Ҳûͻĸо
ʵ̫ˣ
Ȼ˲Ǻܶ࣬Ϊ㲻עĻǲԵٶȣҲ˵ֻע˲Żе档
⾪аĽǧѰЩŮиոսһֱעĽƣȻͬѧУѣСȶǰʶ㣬ȴ˸߹ŵˡ
⻹Ǹϲôһӣϵͨ˵㣨·Ҳ˵߶ߣؤװˣ߱ĳҵӣû˻ỳɡ
ڣĳҵӡ
Щ˹ע⣬һ˫۾۾о棬Ц⡭
оҵʱĸоֱˣǵ⣬ҲŲųҲܻ쵽ϯͿʡٷǮ
ԭ֮Աֵ˸߹ţΪ˴ҵĿ쵽ѵͣ

ڳҪ֪뷨᲻ѪȻôأ緹һģ
ʱûȥѾ⣬ѾݽĿڸĽǧѰ
̼ȴʧţЩṇ̀ڳҲˣһܼΣûʲôעġ
ЩΪףĽǧѰˣмȻ㣬㿴ͷβڳʳͷҲûعȫںЩ
͵͵עĽǧѰͻȻðһ仰С쵰֪ԣ
֮;ú֣ԼΪʲôô룿ѵ˵ԼǺںԼǸˣҲڻ뱣ֻǰΪûָ顣
ҲģĸֻΪֿأȥϣǵٴο㣬Ӵֱָ
дҲҪᣬĸ鲢Ů֮ĸ飬ֻǴԵܵܵĸ飬黹еִţȻǸʱҲƴ㡣
ֻһᣬϾͱ鶥λãĽǧѰڽܴҵףпյ
ע⣬յģҲֻΪҪŻڽ˲ǽĽݼרˣ֮ǰѾˡ
Ǵ½ϰߣȻ˶ᣬҪ죬˭ô顣
ȻôǰǱûеģǾͱҪģһ˵Щ˶ѡ
˵һĽƵ⣬˶һһһǱȶǼȫʯһֵ֪ơ
ž·жǣһҧżȣһи̾ǰ飬ȫûоԼԵĶʲô
ǾóԵĲ֮һҧţ׼ˣû˻ôֳҲ
㣬Ҫ𣿡
ֻʱƺеˣһ뿪Ļû˻뵽ġСҲֻܰпϧ
ڣոձ˶㶨Լ飬ȻҪֵˡ
ոյǾ仰ǱȶҪ볡̺аңûбС
Ѿˣѵҳҹֻ֮ȥˣȽҧ꣬ͷӽרŷĵطȻһɾĲ죬˵עƽ˵
̬ȣ˸оһֻ֮һ㣬˵̬ȣ˶õġ
Ƕ˵ǿģЩģôҲһûСʺأģǺģһֿһеʡ
ǴһģоһԹߣȻ˻ﶼú̬ܵȴᣬΪһ־µʡ
ʵӱ˵ʺƣǹ¶ģҲһĹ¶
ʷѧоʱܸоһìܵĴڣʱһµߣʱȴһɽʿʱһ䲻ߣʱȴһ
֮һǳìܵĴڣԶ֪ĴڱһǳìҲ˼顣


22 ҪԻ
ҹȻǿԣм˰ɡȶݺݿһۣȻ󿪿ڵ
л˵ôµŮˡܲػصѾ֪ȶʲôԼĽǧѰ
ⶼѾʽ֪ԼòöȴҪˣԼһлöˣϻһöҲûУʱ򣬱پûĽǧѰ
㡭ȶǷԼˣǾ³ˣǾͲǸ裬ǸԼˡ
סһƽ͵˵ǧѰգСһ𳤴ѣôҪˣôûأⲻ˵ĽǧѰδ޹ϵؾ˵һ𳤴ѣϻѵԼܣĽǧѰδ¡
ЦЦ˵ҺĽСʲôϵҪЩ湦ֻҪ˵տ־ͿԣͶĽǧѰ˵տ֡
仰Ȼͬ˼ĽǧѰĹϵõѾҪĵزʵŵ˼ȴǣĽǧѰʲôϵҪ
ŵ˼ڳֻм˿Լóȶȴڣ⵽ǣʹĽǧѰĹϵʡò
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Ȼ⣬֪Ϳˣʵĺûܴж١ʯһ㣬Ȼ󣬼ֵƣĽСĽݲһס㵭˵ЩΪԼҸܺõɣʺûҪͱʾͲͣͺ뻵⡣
ʱʵڲУ͵㶫ȥͿԡ
ͬʱҲڱͱȶָ⣬װײͣ
ߣòòôϻʲôαȶûгסˣֱߵ
ΪоԱݣĽǧѰе㷴У벻ġ
һ˼ǶǼʲô㻹ĵԼĽݼҵĹүܲм˵ͱȶ
˲ҲˣңӣԸҲҵļѵҪΪʵûͺ۸ˡ
ûԺһ㳥
ߵĽǧѰǰ棬óһݸ˵ţҸ
ĽǧѰһӾʹסˣеþûгʵ̫ˣ֮⡭
ˣڳ˶סˣ

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ôѿ֪ǴġȶЦ
ڳĺܶҲúЦʵ̫ѿˣ˭Ҳû뵽㾹ȻóҲܲ̶Ȱɡ
ѿҾúܲҪҪҪԻҡֱӶĽǧѰ˵Ǳ͵ĻĸԸǱΡ
Σ˰˵ҪûһŮڶһУǴûм
ż񰡣ͬУĳЩͬǣѾʼΪżԴһɫŮȫһҲ
˭˵ҲҪģңı׼ҡĽǧѰȻѿ֪ΪʲôȴϲȻϻ㣬ܱȸոձȶʯҪ
òһĽǧѰ֮ǰ㡣
ңĻֿĽǧѰĶñȶŭա
ȴﰵУιιС㣬ôѿ㱦ʲô컹Ұɣʺġ
ҪǱȶﻰϻɽʯСӵġơȥ˵СӾȻͣ
ȻϲǾ͸ɣһε˵˼Ǳ죬ֳ˶һ١
㣬ģôôиԣһŮסЦʵ
ҪܿϧʧˣǮҲ򲻵ġƷһ˻㿴ҡܽ˵
Уԭģֲôѿ㣬Ǹ˭ѧģĵڼƷ
ѧɲţѾ治˵˾͡㣬ҵһƷɡһ뵱ʵû취͸ĽС㣬ڰҸոӦñĶһʹӣ
ĽǧѰһ١
Ҳֹһ˵뷨ȺŮһĳ嶯
һơ㻹ǱһĲ鲻Ըģ˼Ǹˡ˶ñӵ㡣
˭Ҳ벻ΪںļǮһۣһУļֵǡ
ȻԺ飬Ŀǰû֪ڴ֪ǣϾһϷϳˣ
㣬ΪǧѰʽȶҲ̲סˣ


23 Ҳ
ǾΪʲôǾôϲء
仰֪ûп˵óһҪרо
ڳĴ󲿷ȶʱ򣬺˷ܣϲֿ˴ܣԣǾ
Щʶȶˣڱӱȶ֪ħ޷˺üΣȴⲻҪûʲôֱ
½ǿߵģȴϲǿȥ۸ߣһԶĶ֡
ǰЩ۸㶼Ƿʽ˱ĿάЩΪȻɶ񣬵ȴ˱ӣӦ˵ǿұӣȶģͲͬˡ
ȶʤǸңΪǻĽʿĴĥ۵㣬仹ǵô֮ǰġ
ҵһܺõɣȻһˡ
޸ڵѾȥˣû뵽ԼĶӾȻ˳סһϲ
ĽеĿűȶԼŮϽͲ˵˵Ʒ迼쿼졭
ͬ뷨ѧƺƷ

һЩʱȴ˵˸ˡ𺳡֡
Ҿܾ
Ҫ˵ȶ˱ӵĻھܾ͸ܣǸӵĽҪ˵ʲôӼӼӼӡ
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һ򲻻Щ֮ǳȻĸˣԼΪġԺܸɴľܾ
㣬㡭ĽǧѰ˵ڵİΣΪεľ⡰ųΪ⼸ı֡
֣ΪʲôҪʲô£תۼ䣬ĽǧѰǿƽ
㣬Ϊһߣ㲻Ӧȥܾľʳָ붯Լ۾ȴԼûдϰ߶˵һʱı֡
仰Ҳ˵ģôش𡣱ȶ㣬ȴĻش
ʦ˵ΪʲôǾǾҪܣһЩɵľ޷似ϵͻƣֻ˷ʱ䣬ʱȥȥԼʲô·ֱ˵Լֳ¾ɲظĹصĿ
ĻҴһȫµĹȻҲ˵ûֻȴû˸ֱ˵
仰ڴеòƸߴһ㣬ܿ죬ֱĻԭΡ
УҴû˵һߣֻһѧѣԺҲߵĵ·ѧ似ֻΪǿʳʱȥѡ
ѧ֮ˣһҪһ𣿲һѧĿĲͬߵ·ҲͬΪһߣҲߣԭĽˣҲ˵ǽͣţҲ˵͡
˵˶ǺǮģ㿴С˵ģӾģǲȱǮĽҡ
⣬⣬Ȼ仰˵Ǻид˸Уһɣȴûᣬֻ֪һδƴҵĴͳıһ
ųԼݶҳϣôܱǧѰôԳΪɷ㲻䣡ȶָ
Ҳ䣬ѵ𣿡㷴ʵн˵ι˭ҵĺӣĸĿؼңô˵ҲĽСᣬƺǷҽ̡
ܲмؿЩϷˣ֪֣ζˣȻûһ˳ֹġ
ȶʲô£ԼȥĽԼ˼ңôСëԴףʧ塣
޸񿴵ĽƳˣҲû˵ʲôֵֻ˱ȶһۣݵġ
һ۸պñУ֪޸Բʡ͵ĵƣֻԼ鷳
òƱȶưոݣĽ˵Ľ壬ȻǧѰʮգǾͰ½ɣҲһ˳Ϊɷʲôȥչʲôȥ
㣬˵ˣΪǧѰҪǧѰĻԼеġ
㣬˭Ҫˣ뿪ǧѰ
ȶĽ˵ѾĽǧѰ˻Լý£ȴϡ
Ľݲ㲻ö˵ԼĽ˵ʲôȴˡ
˵ԼܱһԼŮˡĻɽܲˣŮԼǹġ
ǰɣãҳȫ㣡صѡʱҶӣҲһˡ
ãܺãһˣȶЦڿԸԳѵСֿԼǧѰ֮ϰһֽԼ
СôܴӦ֪似ȶоͿԽܣʲôֱ
ĽǧѰֲżˣ˾֣ǰܾڴӦˣֿʼżˡ
ȶҺ˹ܣ˺һͷ
ĽǧѰ˫չǰ̬Σ·ֻصŷǵʱǸʱ򡭡

ڳˣڣĽǧѰľٶס˭Ҳû뵽Ȼʱͦ㡣
Ǿ仰˾֣鷢ʱԶ֪ԼָǷڣǷһҪ


24 Ůˣÿ
Ůˣÿ
˻ûдĽǧѰѹʱһ˵ľٶִֻĽǧѰұۣȻĽǧѰԼǰŲ
飡
ĽǧѰһģŭؿ㣬ָеС쵰㡭ŭ֮µǰ˽½лĳƺҲ˳
ʲô㣬֮飬һȥػصŮһӾˣڵظлȥϰ֣үүҵڡ
йңԼ֮޷ȥһȥ
ã㳤ˣӲˣˣԺٹˣĽǧѰʲô𶼷ˣ֮ѾõĸҲˡ
ĽǧѰϾע⵽Լƺ̫ˣǹı飬ͷﰵԼôˡ
˭ˣ£һͷӣӻʾĽǧѰ뿪
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һ壬һתĹĵǱߡ
ĽС㣡룬ǽһ
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˶ȵĿ㡣
ĽǧѰ۾ԽԽʱѾˣǱʮָ𣬲֪ôȥݣоȣŭ⣬߷ߡ
ȵȣ˵ǱʾҵڽԼˣ֮ǰ˽ºĽ˵Ĳǰ˵ˣĽǧѰƺá
Ȳȡ
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˵һڻġ衱ȫûиоѾٲˣҲڴҵԤ֮УҲЦʲôǶĽǧѰͲͬˣ֮Ůһ㣬һġ¼ͻᱻЦһӡ
ãʱ򣬴ûȥע⣬Ҳûȥɣ󣬴Ҷ϶һ£ѾĽƷˡ
Ľƣ֪ʵԼ
ڴҶס˸ոı֣ΪʲôĽǧѰ飬ԭڡߡС
ȶںܺڣԼΪʲô˳嶯ԭѾ˻ԼԼոĲǶˣǶ࣬ǧѰˡ
Ҫȣ⼸Ҫ
ȶʼĽǧѰĵһˣڻ㡰顣ҲѾΪξûбҪˣΪѾ˵顭
ιǰ淢СӣҪˣ㵹ѡصڴҷ֮У𣬽˴ӸԵ˼ء
ѡص㣿ѡʲôȶòƻûлָػص
㡮ꡯմ˰ɣȻǾĵص㡣һ׳յӡ
㻹ȶʵʱԼҪСӾܾϾ
㲻ǳմһ޶ۡҲĻʲôüһΪ㱯ӡ
˵㡭
ûȤȥͷش仰Ҫϻˣ˵ص㣬ûպȥ
㡭ãǵĽǶʱ˵ҵȲҪɱ㡣ȶסŭҧгݵ˵
ȻҾͳȫ㣡
ǵĽǶ󰡣֮ӡˣǾ˵ˣҾˡ΢ЦȻ˸ȥ
òƣ˵ʱ䡭
㣬㻹û˵ʲôʱ򣿡תȥȶ̴е
˵ˣʱҶڻȥооʱ֪ͨ㣡㲻ʱ䣬Բᳬ£ֻǰҲҲ˵ͣסŲЦУǾ֮ǰͲҪĽСһˣõʱҪ뿪ĽС㣬
ȶʱ𣬸ոԼµľҪ뿪ĽǧѰ˵ԼһӮֻԼܵĹ涨ӮӮһ뿪ĽǧѰǰʯͷԼĽš
ٺ٣СҲܣҿ˭˭ҲܣҲܣҲܡ


25 ̬ܿ
ߺ󣬴е۷׷ףΪ¼Ҫ֮һȶڸˣĶˡ
һǵ޴棬һܶһͷҪҪ£ֱʱ
ΪҪǳʲô⣬ҵһɵľȻ֪ûҪڿ˵öˣͱһ

󣬱뿪ĽǰͿͣѧǣĽǧѰոĽ̸Ļ԰иոձȶʱĽǧѰһӣֻȥ
ĽǧѰʱҹշڻ췢飬Լ֮⡣
ǧѰ㵽ôһ£֮ǰһ£ôô
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ĽǧѰһﻤˡ
һŵı飬ҡҡͷ֪̾ҺǴСһ𳤴ģǸʱĸһֱܵܣԼ˵гܰ΢Ц
ֱһΣΪһС¶ܣԲԷҲǸʱС֪ôС±£⼸Ǵûһ˵ԽԽѧУʲôҲ֪ʵǺʧԿʼеòϲ
ֱ죬Ҳ֪ԭһǺںϲܵ˺
Ŷ֪ˣԭСʱʲôģôģһŮЦ֪ĽǧѰСʱ顣
Ů壬ĽǧѰʼ򵥵˵˼
ĽǧѰһ֮ζ˵ǧѰҲ뷨Ǻõģû֮ǰ֮ųܾΪɵģ㱣ǺõģҲ̫ڱĸԣʲô¶ͷһ޳ɡ
ĽǧѰסˣͷϸ룬Լ̫۰㣬һ鶼ȥʲô¶㶨ҲΪųĸԡ
ʱ򣬡̫ˡ
Ĭһ֮ĽǧѰ̧ͷʵʦǲĴˣڸô죬ѵȥ𣿱ȶŹģһھʱɱ㡣˵棬еżˣǰǴ⡣
ʱҪԵĹȶȶеλãһӱ㼷С˺ܶ࣬ܶ࡭
Ҳ̫ģѵûпڵѾͬգҲûע⵽˵Աȶ˵ʱʱԣȿԿ϶ٿµʱȥ׼ӭսΣҲñȶܣڲ֪ʲôʱҪоǱȶҪʱ׼ţÿ춼ڽŵĵȴ֮У
˶٣Ȼ˵ȶͻΪʵֻҪһʵʱͿ͵ȡʤ
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ʵЩû˵ΪĽǧѰӷգЩǣȶʵ𣬰ʵҲȡʤʱ䣬Ҳһϣã
м䷢漣漣ô򵥳ֵ𣿳ֵĻԺʤȶĿһϣã
ʵЩҶõֻΪ£û뵽ЩֻһŮЦǧѰ㵣С쵰ıȶѵˣǱȶ
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סλŮԼֱۣһӡ
Ҫ˵ʲôĽǧѰ֪֡
˵Ǳ̬ģ̫أ
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ҲǰɣĽǧѰȷġܡᣬġܡֻһִŵĸ飬ǰ飬Ŀǰ˵ǾԲðĻ𻨡
ȴָ鿴ĺأ߹Լİ飬һгͻĻһѡ㣬һֵֺᣡ
ҲҪò˼飬Ϊʵокܶ࣬ЩΪ飬ĸ飬Լİ顣
һ֮󣬴Ҳͣʱ˾˵̬ʵͲûڻ飬Ϳ԰ĵܵܣȥŮӣҪǱ˵Ůˣ㻹Ǻˡ
ǰĽǧѰһγ֮Ŀ⡣
ȻǱ̬ܵܡĸҲҪܣ±Ůߡ⡰ܵܡ˵ء
ҪĻ㲻ǵùˣ޶˶˵ǳһ̬ܿ㣬ܻҪǿӸ顣
ãѾޣ˻ԼȻˡ
ĽǧѰŭٺ˵ĻҾ˺ǵ졣ҸոԼ飬е֡Ҳû˵ҪԼҸŶԣô޶˶˵ıĽݼҪڻ£
ĽǧѰʵʱĽѾͿͻ仰˿Ժˣ˵ʲôȴû˵
ոպĽǧѰУǾ˵ףǲ˵Ǽһڻ£˵ɣûˡ
Ľƿ˿ЩŮǶĽǧѰĺѼһߣŵù˵ͿԣҲҪȥҲҪȥ㡣ʵ֮ǰҺ˵ľǽ׮Լ飬ԼĲң㣡
ʲôԵŮǶǲ㾹ȻԼ㵽׻ҪԼЩ˴ľȰ
ĽƼУҲҪ˵ģҪǧѰ㲻˵Цոǰ˵ǻڻ飬ǽЩԼϣԣǲҪȥڻ飬Ӧȥл
ȥΪĽǧѰˣϧԼģȥ֡ЩŮаУԽԽ棡
ĽǧѰѾף¶Լޣȥ˾ǹȥˣѾˡ
Ҳţһٽҽ㣬ҵıҪøǿĽǧѰûзȻִţڴѧʵΪľǱ㡭
ڵأָȥӦ棬ָδ漣лܱȶʵ߷


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26 мƻ
⼸ϻȥε꣬ҪʼգȻ񣬾һŵһҪɣܷʲô£һҪɡ
죬ȥѧУȴûСһϿѵŰΪõĸ߼鿨ͼݽ˼飬Ȼ뿪ˡ
ѧԺû֪ȥʱҲûлش˸뿪Ļͻᷢ⼸춼ǵĽǶڳп顣
û컷ģҪһʵǿĶ˾ҪÿһϸڶҪǽȥĵصȻ֮ء
⼸Ƕû˾ҲûʲôĿȻĻͲڽǶһ߿飬һӲ컷
ڼĹ۲£㷢һȽõϢ⽫սʤȶŷǳҪá
ƾһ㣬ǲȡʤģڵʵ̫ԶʵĿǰҪһ
⼸Ѿ˼ƻҪʵõİ취һȥУԣ⼸춼ڿ飬ĴҴߣЩǿмУΪԺ׼ȻѡԵģһЩãĿǰòŵǲῴġ
ҪһЩħȻҲ΢һ似ǲࡣоǷֱ涾飬ʱҪõ
Щ׼ˣʣµľǡӲһЩҰĹߣ縫ӣĵȣЩѣﶼѾˡ
Ҫľһ£ǽԼҪ뿪Ҫһǽ˴ĸġ
ЩеҪװòȴҲò˵ȶˣ˵ʮѾҪˣ죬˵ʮ죬Ǿ;ʮ죬ڡ
еʱ䣬Ǿ͸ȥ٣ȻѧУ˾ͿˣĿǰԼҪЩ֪ʶõġ
ӽǶصѧУʱѾ磬ѧУģֻǲڼУȻٵˣ޷ˡ
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ĲҽУȻһŮҽУŮľ¶ȣĳϵԽԽ
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27 ǰɭ
ȿȣ̬㣬ıɱ¶˫Ųӽе
¶ȣߵǸŮ˭ĽǧѰûƺֻʵ¶ǰϢͨһλûġ
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ĽǧѰû˵ȥ˭ԴסǿŮӳ̫ͨˣҲеҰͬѧûϵҪǶ԰ʲô뷨ĻҾҪ뿪
νܲ˸ҲİϲСŮ
ĽǧѰҡͷУһҪ磬߹ŮȻôİչˣСԲϸ񡣡

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СֻڶΪϲǰĽǧѰӵһʳÿʱ򣬾;úܲˬ
ڶ죬ȥһ˰꣬ȻϵѾöȡ
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28 
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ҪˣƤΪⷽʽԺƤŮ˻ףŮ˻Ҫϸ壬һ㣡


30 ħ
׷׷׷׷׷
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ȻĶĳ񾭱ȽϴֵΪģʵأΪе롣
ʵϣֻҪҿȶĽǧѰڵƾ֪ĽǧѰƽٲеϣȶץֱۡ
ƣôȵӣ
ŮǵҲĽòеŭ⡭
òƾǳֳܵѵ˵ĸ
ĽǧѰȶҪδҲδ֪ϷʱһϲǶͣסˣ˶һߡ
㣡С귢߹㣬ǰѽ㡣
ʧʮû취ZȽϺ棬ԭȻҲ˼ĺġ
֮ôϲΪţһߵĽǧѰʱò˶ϡ
С꣡ʱ㻹𣿡㲻СΪʲô㿪ʲôֲǽӡ
Һܺãأʮȥˣף˺ܶࡣСһ㲢Уڽӽʱ򣬷е仯
ȥˣ仯ҲеĽ˧˺ܶɣЦػصΪС˵ǿ׳ˡ
ʲôаܲܽ̽ҡС׷ʵ
㲻һ䣬ҿ𣿡㲻ʵ
С۷⣬һӣЧҿһҲν
ǰɣѵϲǿ׳ļ⣬ϲҪ˰ɣŮӽ˲ÿС걣־룬õģɣ
С¡


32 һ
쵰㶼ʲô߰ġСһ֮󣬾˼Ȼһȭϡ
ָ˵Ƥô˺ܶ࣬ҺҲϸ˺ܶࡣȥ𣿡
Ů˰עľЩʲôŮ˿Ƥˣͻ֪ⷽһȥⷽǲǺҿࡣ
СҲ⣬Ļ֮󣬿ȥһֱϲ顪䡣ֵܱûɡ
ԣŻ㣬ȥ˼ȥУƤڱֲڣȴոպ෴ױϸ壡
ұеɻƤһ仯ûиоС겻ͬˣʮû㣬Ȼϲ
ҵȻȥˣȻ߰취ȥӦȶľҪ֪似A03ģǰģҲǰҪǿ̫ࡣûĻص
˶٣Ȼ˵ڱˣҲӶУ
˵ô˵ѵ˵ԼڿĶҩ˹ƶ̼þŽڵĶضųȥˡ
ǰɣôеģС꾪ʵ
ʦ̵㿪ʼ˵ˣɲ뱻˷Լܣ׵Ҳ˵òûˣԸ˵
ԭˣǱ֪˵ʲô
ϹСϹʣ˾Ůǣߵڱƴ˵ĽǧѰȶǰ
ȶʱ̸̸ʱ䣬Ǽ㾭ĽǧѰߵʱֻ˵һĻȻͼŰȥ
ŮŴͣ벻˵һߣȫĽǧѰǷԸⱻȶץ֣Ϊȶ״̬ģǼ
ΪĽǧѰίʱÿ춼Ϊ쵰СӵģΪ黹ȶμܣľӣȫȫӡ
ո쵰СӣкҲûдһֻǺͱȶ˵һ仰ѡ
ĽǧѰ㷢һʱ֪˵Щʲô
ȶĽǧѰһͿʼл¶ϲ֮飬ʱһĽǧѰΪ˼Σټܵĵȴȴڿ񣬺Թޡ
޲ھɱ㣡
һҲûвҵ˵ɱ˵ĻѾۡɱǺòӰߵǰ
ʦһˣЦ˵
ͷ˵ţͺãȥ°ɡ
ٵΣôо˾ñط꣬еҡ
밬֮Ҳ˼仰ûжĻ˵˻ȥȶ
֣߹ͻȻԼȶָոյĶһ˦˵
Ѿʮ죬ȶȴ֮ǰͺͱȶ˵û֮ǰ뿴ȶ
ΪȶͻΪΪĵľŻȥУһû֪ȥ
ʮûϢǴûй飬ǰ㣬ȴ֪ÿ춼ʲôطűϵ
ȶҲǺܷԼŮѣȴȥԼĶ֣ΪԼĶ֣Լìܣ뿴Լһ˾֪
ҲţҵŮˣȶץĽǧѰֱ۲˦
ĽǧѰŭ˵㣬ʲôʱŮˣǻûеǸ̶ȡҷ֣Ů˺Ůʱ˼ǵͬģʱȴܴ
ȶǸ壬ӦйӣοĽǧѰŮ˵ǰܶ˶ΪҲ˵ŮĴ㡣
òƽ
ˣзƶ
ƶǵٲ죬ҪΪǰĺҴС˲ˡȶ˷ƶһֶۣĽǧѰ˵ǧѰԼ˵ǲϲ㣿
ǣҸ˵ܶΣҶ԰Ͷĸ鲻һҵܵܣѣ֮ûгͻֻһٶϾҲΪĵϳ֣ĽǧѰ뽫ȶ˦ǣȶʵȴǿܶ࣬˦
Ц仰ѵúЦ𣿾ܵܣҲõĳӣʱ䶼ʲôӣҶΪҳܣΪ뿴ң⻹ûгͻ𣿡ȶЦҪҽҲҪҺһģƭ˭
Ϊÿ뵽ҾͺܲˣΪʧʮ죬ʮ죡֪֪Сû߷ΧʧһϣĽǧѰ
һҪ飬ҲΪ飬գҴˣ
СȻû͹ĽǧѰĽǧѰȴÿնһݾϸѡ˵û˵ÿգǻ׼һ
𣿲ܣ˵գ˵ֻʮ죬յͬʱҲվҪˡ


33 ĸŮ

һʱ䣬˶Ĭˣ˭ܸܵĽǧѰһݸ飬һ˾Ľ˾ܰ˾ִŵĸ顣
˵ˣǺ֣ʱĴȴоݸֻ飬ǰ飬Ҳһ̴ҶĽǧѰʱɢĸ鹲Ż
ҲֻǶݵģȴӡ̡
ʱҲŵؿĽǧѰԼǲǴˣԼ겻ĽǧѰе㣬ȴǣǲǸҽݸ飬ִȴܰĸ
һʱãˣҲȥᱻĽǧѰһж
ҲţѾҵ飬ڴʱȶŭеǲʮѣǴһգܣԺô죿ѵҪߣɴһӲҪˣġܵܡ°뱲ӡ
ɲޣĽǧѰ붼ûֱѿڶ
㵱ʲôƷǲǸͲҵŮѣȶһνĽǧѰĸҲѹ֣˶ĽǧѰġ
ĽǧѰűȶƽ˵㲻Ʒ˵ܶΣ㲻ͬˣʤ˾ҲһҲǰǷǣûҶǰ飬ֻΪЩңʹӦŮѡ
ĽǧѰԱȶĸ飬򵥵һ仰ǣĸŮ
ڲŸչʮգҲ˵Ÿոʮ꣬ʣһʮСҵ׷дӦļʴ󲻴
ҵĴ𰸾󲿷ֶһģܴܴ
ʵϣȶ׷ĽǧѰаʱ䣬ĽǧѰŵֲסƴӦʮǰʳõǸʱ˵ġڡȻͱȽһ㡣
һʣΪʲôôɣǰãĽǧѰֿ֮ҲҪˣĽǧѰڲʮ꣬ǰꣿСѾͷƬһ˭׷Ⱞõġ
ɲĳЩô죬ʮ꿪ʼѾġ
˳˵һ£Ƚϳһ˶Իһٶ꣬ͻ壬ָ塣
ˣҹϵĳƽΪʮ֮꣬˵ƽΪЩе㲻ͬеʮ꣬еʮ꣬ҲеǶʮ꣬ʮꡭ
ոյĻ⣬˵ĽǧѰԱȶĸеãܻиģֻҪദȥҲͻĻ𻨡
Ǳȶϱ̫ĽǧѰʱȥֿȣúõȶ֮ĸ飬ˣҲͲã֪ԼӦô
ĽǧѰҲûиȶᣬǱȶûаգҪϾ
ʵĽǧѰ˵ûдûƭȶĸȫ֮ͬûгͻеֻ˭˭ء
ҿɶ԰ˣ߲гͻе˽鿴һ㣬е˻Ὣ鿴һ㡣
ĽǧѰǺߣһֹһ㡭
ˣ˵ʲôʱ򣬱ȶͺһˣĽǧѰǰĶš
ĽǧѰ֪ԭԼǰֻαƵһ棬ʱҡ
׳գⶼ˵ˣʧˣĽǧѰ˦ˡʱȶ̵˵һ仰̵ζʮ㡣
ȶĿ¶׹ϲģұ죬ҵʵ㡭
õ£ǻɡͲҪĽǧѰˣô˿ţƤĶˣһӵ˵ǻ̸̸°ɡ
ûУÿ֣ĽǧѰ˵ͬʱܸˣڰˡ
ãǺģȶյֲסұӵ񣬷ſĽǧѰ֣Ȼתݺݵ˵˵ʲôʱڵȲڽǶϰ㿳Ƭ
ȻȲǾһ̣Уǵôҽʦ΢΢һЦȻ˵
죿ȶû뵽ô졣
ûȱȶ˵ʱ򡪡
㡭СܵߣȻץļСյĶ䣬˽
ǰɣС㣬㻹Ȥ㾪ȵĿСꡣ
ºߣ
壡Сһ䣬ȻԱȶ˵ȿȣʱƳһ죬һ̣


34 Ѿ̬ĸ
ãͺһ̣úϧ죬Ϊ⽫ʱ䡣ȶҲûзԣֱԵ
ʵϣҲȥԣĻ׼ʱʹæܶࡣԾ׼жԳص׼
˵ǶǡáģҲҪ΢Ҫʱ䰲һ¡
Ŷ֪ˣ߰ɣ㲻ػӻ֣һȥӡ
ߣȶһ˦ݺݵصһۣתȥЩȫûзӦΪѾںС̸ܽ顣

㣬òãСʵ
һھܾУ壬û
ñǮ㲻Ҫ̫ˣСץ󡭡
µûҵͷ첻ɣȨ壬һΣȻϾ;ػصٰƣǾͷ
磬ͿСðɣòСץ֣Ȼҡֱۣ÷
ҡҡͷȫ˶С꣬㷢Ǿ͵һȥҵļƤ񶼵һأ
ߣСô㣬ŭ㣬㣬ȥ
ˣô죿Ц˵ССڵ
ߣˣСܸɴػصҪΪЩвң׬һǮСеǮ
С㣡һ㣡ĽǧѰܲ˵˵
Ҫܣҵ˭Сȴӵ˵
ĽǧѰǰһʾ˵ʲôҲܣ㲻Ҫڰ϶ֶš
϶ֶŹʲô£û˵˵ʲô
ֹˣҪ˵ˣС꣬¾˵ˣԻȥѵˡĽǧѰе㻰Ҫ㵥̸̸ɲԺҳȥߣ
ȥͻȥС֪Ȥ뿪
ĽǧѰͷӦһţ
ǸƶС㣬鷳߰ʦһҺĽǧѰ뿪һ¡ոƶ֣ԾͶ˵Ϊȫ֪ȺŮʲô֣ȫʶ
ȥɣǸúú̸̸ˣƶ˵

У԰ľСĽǧѰ档
ͣסŲǰ˵ĽǧѰм£Ӧ˵
ʲô£ĽǧѰؿ㡣
㵭Ц˵Һף뱣ңչңҵܵܵУ˵ʵҲϲ˹ػ顣ǣȴò㣬ԺҪűңչңҲҪٰҵĵܵܣ
ĽǧѰû˵ֻǾţ˫Ѿյúܽܽ
Ҳ㣬ѾˣˡȥѾڣڵҲҪıչˣԺеҶԣ㣬ңǲǽܣѣѾ޷ٵѣԺûбҪĻǲҪټˡҲ˵ʵΪû˻뵽ʵģֻᵱѾһˣѾٺĽǧѰϹϵ
ΪʲôǴ꣬ûչ㣬ûб㣬ҿԺϣҪʲôҶԸ㡣ΪʲôҪһޣ涼ĽǧѰŬŲԼᣬǻ̲סû뵽㾹ȻҪѵԼЩӵŬû
ĽǧѰûз֣ĸִ̫ţѾֲ̬ش
㶼˵ұ̬ѵһ㶼𣿡ĽǧѰ̲סߵ˵ӣȴС
Ǳ̬ǲ̬ѾһҲ֪ôƣ÷ֿһʱ䣬ԺܿסʱٳΪѡǴרңǿһۿǣʱֻоôߣƵ飬ȫûϡ
ĽǧѰѾصģֲ֪βģΪֻİ취ʱܳ嵭һУҲһС
ĽǧѰʣȴע⵽Ļ˵ǲǷֿһʱͲ棿
ţͷ
Ƿֿã
㵭̵꣡ʱ䣬ʱҿҪĻǻٷֿһʱ䣡
꣬㲻ǽĻĽǧѰҲãܱûлĺã֪ȥпܻ˵Զ
ǽ޷ܵġ
ˣԼȥɣ˵֮󣬾뿪ˡ
꣬ʵֻһдʣô׺õģҲĽǧѰָҲпܺޱ仯пܻء
ηչҪڼʲô·ˡ
ֻڵȴûа취ֻһʱһʱ䣬ʱ֮Ѿʮ꣬ͿߣԣǴ磡
ǸʱĽǧѰҵļʻΪ㡣
òƣǲεΪ


35 ľ
ڶ죬ѧԺĴŽȥԶĵ㳡ҲϴάͻĵطȫУʦؾ֮·ϡ
м䣬ӣӱϰľƣľ滹һЩ֡
˲ǱˣСꡣ
С꣡дһŭ⡣
ڣСһԾһֻӦ
ָ棬˵ǲ̫һ㣬ôʲô˼
ûʲô˼ǰոģԷϣСòƺػش
ͷԼз𣿡ָűϵľ˵
дģҪʲôҶǵáȶʮһ㣬Ҳ㣬һ壬ûȫȷСͷһĿ㡣
Ҳ̫˰ɣѵҾţ
㣬ҪûȶģһҪٵʣĿǰΪֹӮľͼˣҲһӮˣ屶Ļرϧ屶ĻرȻֻʮңȶʮһȴһٶ౶ѾһǧٽҡСҡͷҪǿǣ׸ò÷̣ʱҿˣͰˣ
˵ĶԻӦ֪ʲôȻڿľ֣ȫУѧע
ʣڴ֮еţȶոպ෴ǳš
С˵ģٸߣҲûΪҶ֪ʵ̫һѧԺĸ߲һǷϲһA࣬һZࣻһѾħ꣬һڻûмҲ֪ѾԼ
˶ĶԱ֮£ôʵ֤£˭Եóһۣ䶨ˣ
ǿҵʵҸ㣬һҪʣСĻֱ˵
Ķ٣
룬ҲҪĳһһ˵
Сͬ㣬һھܾУҪѱȶʸĸߣһ
һ
У
һ
У

ô˵С궼֡С
С꣬ҪӴ棬ģˣʼҪЮ
ѾҪˣͬⲻͬ⣬̶ѾˡС겻ʾ챻㡰ҪЮΪʱ⣬ȥûʱȥ̿ڡ
ǺǣҾھй
ң
֮£û㲻ҵ飬ҪҪԣ
㡭

ιι׻ղͶעһ𡭡
գȻգС̶ǰ˻һЦͬ˵
һٸңȶӮһӸóһŽƱСֽ꣬Ʊʥзеģֵһٽңû
һ˵ʽҶãҶϲħף㰲ȫ
СӹƱȻ󽫶עдһĳαϣ˺һŸոǸӸ硣
ֱӾõһֵݱһÿһҳֳ֣һдѹǺˣһǴÿһҳĶһͬĺ롣
Ժ˵ĻⵥݹȡĽ𣬶Ժ룬˺Ѵλãׯҷֹðİ취
ԣҪԼĵݣҪвӦеˣȻӮҲûǮá
Σ㱾ǲܲκϵ棬ΪǾԱǴҶȶӮҲͲ٣Ҳֻ䣬ˣ͵ڴӮˡ
һĻϿʼûжãСһѾ٣նעһյ11370ҵĶע99%ȶӮġ
˵ĶͽǺܴ󣬵ǹ壬ǮԾյ˽һҵĶע
ʵСܵӴһ㣬ÿһһʷ̵ĻյĶעûʮҲа򣬵ʵðա
ѾǺðˣ˵ĻҪһǧңɲСĿܳܵ
ĻһˣҪʮĽңļҲѳܣðա
ʮ겻ͣ͸£˵ĵԲС۹ҲܿӮܿмġ̻
֮СȥһطʥУʲôȻǴǮյĶעеǽƱǾ󲿷ǽңôҽƱ߼ȫҲ㣬õİ취ǴС
ãйҲûиأȻ˻òôĽҡ
һѧУ˶󲿷ֵ˶ھôɣԼľľ֣ѵаʤȶ
ֻǴڹ״̬ȴľ
һȴȫͬڰڣԼôû뵽Сëˡ

ȶ춼׼ûѧԺȺ˵Ϣ֮ñףǰ
ҪɱԽԽء


36 ֮ʼ
һ죬ʱ֣ǣǶΪ
ȿȣǲܵģ
ȶʲôˣȶ˵֮ӣȴǺͻĲҲǺͻȻѾܸߣ似Ҳܲ
ҲҪˣ˸߹ٹ˿ɲ٣Ҳһ˵ٺܴ󣬵ȴ˵ļܴ
ȶļ幫ӣȵǼ壬ϰֵĹ٣ļڲͻԴҹĴĹҪöࡣ
ѧԺǱȶͻˣҪ֪ѧУ½ĹС㣬ӹУлݸ߹ʥ۹˱ȶԲǴעˡ
Ҫ˵עȣҲĹעȻҪһ㣬ǰܴ۸ķϲģһϵ飬⣬ĹעҪôһ㡣
ȦȶǺģε˲ѧЩ棬Ϸˡ
ϲǺܶ࣬УѧԱ֮һûС
Ȼ˫ˣУԱҲǺܶ࣬ҲһǧˣڵĽǶôΪԵÿյġ
㰡Ҳãʺ͵ּ
ʱֳĻͻ֣ᷢˣȴҪˣһ֤ˣƲУ롭
С꣬أʵ࣬ĽǧѰŮȻZЩֵҲŹ
ǣҶˣȴ㵽ڶûг֡ǴҾͿС꣬ΪǺһ
Ҳ֪Ƿֺ󣬾ûмˣҲû˵Сش
ſĽǧѰʵĽС㣬֪֪ȥˣǲʲôرϰߣ
ĽǧѰҡҡͷеȻ˵Ҳ֪
ǾˣȥˣٲĻҾҪƲˣ쵰㣬Ҫ黹ҳٵСԽ˵ԽôǮȥİ
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ţףƶĽǧѰͷа꣬ҿøãԸ
ˣˣ¶ָһڸе
ʱ̣Ƶ߽Ƕȶ
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㣬쵰ôʲôôøоûһᣬͱСŭϡ
̫˷ˣʧˣܲ˼ػصȻĽڣʧߵĻû˿˯š
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Ų㣬ûгٵ㼱ʲôһ䣬ߵУߵȶǰȶʱոպãǿʼ
νȶеŭ⣬γħǰƷģ߳һƷ˺ܶʱѪŸ㵽ġ
˰̫ˣԽԽģ
һЦݺζԼħγȻƤʽӵһߣһڵĶűȶ
ȶЦݣĶеĪķ꣬һǰ㡭
ˣϣȶˣħһ֮ŭħһ
ǵȶ֣һ־ǴУȶһн㡣ڳе˶뷨Ҵ󲿷ֵ˶ΪѶһУ£Ҳ̫ߡ
ĽǧѰŵĿ㣬ȴһҲѵû𣿲УҲ
һ죬˶ͬһ顪ĿɿڴΪǶһ顣
ǵûж㿪һһУһͽȶĽƫԭķ
һԿʵѾʵķԾѾǴеķϲġ
ҲΣӮҲ˵
𣡡ȶŭԼȻһϲĵһУǲԭµġ
ţȶĹ񱩷籩һϮһƬҶⱩƮƮȥ
֣ȶôˣô˲侲ʱ˽ȶ˶ᷢ⡣
ǲ֪ȶԼҲ˵ֻԼͺܲˬ
⣬㵱Ȼ֪εľõܶණһЩʾĶ
Ĵ˵ھͶ䣬һ㰵ʾ㷳ټ򵥲顣
˱ȶˣ֪Ϊʲô


37 

ڣڳѧԺѧͬı飬˵ոһǴҾȣھ𺳣
ڱȶҵĹ£ħѾʹˣΪϲĵ㾹ȻӦƻţһҲǱڱȶĹ֮£Ǳܹý
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Ҹصģйɣȴʲôطһǿͼǲסոյλ
˵ʵϵͻͽ˵мܵķʽ
ʦΪмɻȡʤЩ似ʦߵѧԱʼ⡣
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Щ⣬Щ似ʦĻشһ£ǵĴ𰸶ǡ
ɣߵŮ˵Ҳһյͬ⡣
ΪʲôôͣڲǺǻûз𣿡СʵйġǮ;
ȣҪǣʤѾˣ룬ǰһʤ㶼ûУڶ̶ܽʤߵλãѾһ漣ˡ
ųе㣬˵ȻĽﵽһ˼ĳ̶ȣĻʵ̫ˣȶ֮ʵŲԽľ롣ҲɣֻǱ棬ǻûзû
ǵģһֱڶмܣȫûнˣᣬʵޣµʱϾ̫ˣȶСľ롣
ᣬҲڵȴᣬһʼͼŭȶǲñȶע⵽࡭
Թ壬ս˳֣ᷢ似ʦǣڶѾΪߵıȶͺ˵ˡ
ֻҪٸһʱ䣬ͿԻܱȶЩСѾͷҲ⣬ò˶ãͻᱻ㳬οΪʦеѧǱĿǰʵζֻһʱģԶ
ģ似ʦҪˣڵʵͨпܱȲѧѡĻǷǿѧҲҪԼѧ
£¶ѣܴ͵λã½Ҳڶ
ǺȡʤҪƲˣ㣬㲻оʵ˵װһŵӣˮܡСһҪǿʤյ̬ȣôôðȥ⡱
Ҳ֪ԼΪʲôģʤ˵ﻹǾʤ
ˣͿˣ
һ߽ŲȰӦȶĹһаС
ȶ͹ʮӺƺҲһЩе˿򣬶㵱ȻñȶԼ룬Ϊһ룬ʵǿͻԣҪǱȶʹþеĻͺѽ¡
ԱȶƣɭǸǿȵӦѵķӦˣ۽ûжħЩصĻȶȫĶ֡
ҪһҪԭҪȶ֣ȶһԤλ뷽
ˣ
ͻȻͣȶӳһӽʱ򣬴ҺĽʼ˪һдӽ룬ɳȶ
ħȻѾħ˼飡
ȶĻϵħոպǱϵĿǣ¾Ҫ˫Ķǿ˫ܼٵħԱȶڶϣħϣռ˾Եơ
ˣȻһ⣬Ǳȶȴɽ£ɵΨһɹñȶ΢ͣһ¡
Ҫþͣ٣Ϸڶħ
ֻһħôһʱסΪкǿк⡣
ֻ㽫ħһ٣ͬʱ⴦һԲ͵ı顭
ҪʲôѵҪԲȥұȶѽãǺܺã
ܿ죬ҾĿġ
ȶʶؿġԲһ£ԼˣΪ۾ͻȻһʹžʲôˡ
ٽţȶ͸еԼؿһʹʧȥ֪
⣬⣡
ı鲻ŴɹȣһʼѾʱǶ״̼˵۾
ʮǰͷ£ǶһȱݣǾÿĵʱһ˿һܻۣǵĳһʱ̣ܴۡ
ִۻʱʧҪŴﵽ̼ʱʧĳ̶ȡ
ͬʱΪ֪ʱʲôʱصǰΪһļ̫ĽǶȶǲͬģóڵʱ䣬ǰ
Ҳڡ


38 ɱȶ
ڴˣΪʲôô˾ϣҲ磬ȴƫƫҪһ̣ԭΪ˵һ̡
ֹУֻҪһʱ䣬ֻ0.01ʱ䣬ͿԾʤ
Ȼڲʲô֣ȴܰסݵʱ䣬ڱȶʧĶݷ֮ʱѸ˦ԲȻһ̽ȶؿڣ̽࡭
һϵе飬һ˲䷢֮󣬾ѾʼһΪ֪ʱ
Ϊһ̣ҶѾ֪ٴΣΪٲֻǴСҾΪһ
һҪ죬ҪݣҪ׼ȷޱȣҪðʱҪ˴ʡNԿ͵Ļ
ȶ̵ȥˣԶ޷
һֳ̣ѻȸ
⣬Ե⣡һǺܶ⣡
ʵǸ⣬ӮҲһ⣬ħʹãһ⡣
һҲһ˾Ȳѵ⣬ٶȣȻĸɱȶҲûκμʾɱȶ
˵ɱ˱ȶԺӻкܴӰ졣
ȶļ壬ĸףҪǺߣһŹ㡣ڵʵܵЩ
Ȼǲܵġ
㻹ˣŲΪһ˵вȥŹһˣԣȶѾɱ˼һǺǿҵġ
Ҳһвɱ벻ɱʵҲûжֱΪġ
һԼɱˣʲôԼ鷳ҲͿԼɱģȴԻԼ鷳
˵ֱŮ˦ˣʲô¶óɱһ˰ˡ
ĸףŶʱǲԼ鷳ΪͰġ
Ҫʱ򣬻һ󣬶Ǹʱʵһ̶ȣԱû⡣
ʵϣѹҲһ㣬ԼиΪûʵĻͻᱻ˸ɵ
òҪѱ˶ԼĳޣһֶʹԼȥʵ
ҪǱ޸֪ƻ̲סŭ𣬲һе˽ɵ
ٺ٣ɣʱ˭ȸɵ˭Ǹδ֪
ʵѾһ㣬Ҫһȥɱ޸ɱһ˰ˣʲôⶼˣ޸Ҳʲô
ֻڵЩ
һ꣡ò˵ʵ̫ˡԼ˵Ļ䡣
˵Ҳ֪Ӯˣˡһ߷֤˵ֶڳ˵һ䣬˵Ļ
ллԺ˭벻ģҾֿ죬ʹ֤࣬㰲
䣡

˵ĻˣҲܰСһŮͬʱﰵ̫ˣ˵˵ҲôζԺʫˡ
ȥСѾ˵һ·С׷ȥ
ֳˣȥ֮󣬲ſʼ
οˣӮĶľֶ䡣ȶûеķҲûáѾˡ
ֳ֮ۿ˺ܶ඼עģȻҲԸⳡѾûľ
ʵһεҲ˵׬ˣһ˼ľһԼıȡʤȴҲ洦͹ʹħķʽѾֵƱˡ
ȻƱЩ󣬲ЩүȴںЩǮ
º֤ǵ뷨ǶԵģܶ˶ԼΪʲôûװ˷λᡣ

㣬Ļ쵰վסС治Զʱе
ûգҪؼʱֻԵ㶫ͻȻһ£ȵȣС꣬ӮˣǲǸ÷ߣԣǷˣ
ʵ㣬ҪˣС׷㣬ץļе˵
ʲôʣòҺ֮䣬ûˡ㲻ʵ
СҲûйģֻʵ˵ȵжٰʤȶ
ٷְ٣ػش
СŭȥƭҡʦѾ˵ˣͱȶǲԶֻʤĻᡣ
ֻаٷ֮һʤĻᣬҲ㣬ٷְ٣ţий˵Ǵ½֮һһҪš˵
Сȥں˵˵
С꣬˵ûҪţȻͲܳΪһ֡ĽǧѰƶŮѾ߲Զһܺõӣûŵʱʲôģʲôģ
㣬ĸҵĸ֣ܺʵ



39 Ů
һˣڻȥ·ϣǰСŷ˵⣬ŮǶں濴۲ݵˡ
У붼Ҫ룡
ôˣҪҵµʧ֪֪ҿʼ˸һΪԼҪƲˣԣֻĳɣ⳥ҵʧСڵʱ֪ʤ㲻ʱ򣬾Ѿ뵽Ҫȥ
һڻؾУֻܵ龪ѣҿƴˣûҪľʧѣӦøҲŶԣңɾ͹
ߣУ㲻ҪǣЩǮҵħ㣬٣˵㡣
û£ûħȰšʱϢÿ°1%Һܴ󷽰ɡ
㡭

ڴǰʼ
㡭
ĽǧѰһȻֵͷûٳ
ͷĽǧѰȻ˵ĽǧѰʲô˵ɡóĽǧѰΪǰǸԼŻֹ
ֻĽǧѰҪټԼ˵˶˵Լ񳳼ܵһ㣬Ǹо֡
ˣҲûʲôĽǧѰ룬ûнеĻ˵
ǧѰʲô˵ţСӻˣҲһɱ𣿡¶Ⱥܲ˵쿴ĽǧѰƲֵӾǰŮ㣬ĸ㻹ĵģҪʲô˵
һɱ㣿֪ˣΪʲôҪɱȶʵɺܼ򵥣Ϊɱҡ㲻ػص
ǵģĽǧѰȷ£ֱɱ˱ȶ⡣
˵ȶѾ֣ҲѣԼǰ£һоûеĻǾѪˡ
ȶǺ޲ɱӣĸо˺ܶࡣ
Ҫ㣬ɱ˱ȶԺҪСһ㣬˵ԼڹɱȶΪ˲ᣬѾ˱ԵĹϵ񻯣ѡ˳Ĭ
Ǽ򵥣Ǻȴ鷳ǧѰҪԺô죡ƶĽǧѰ˵⼸ĽǧѰʵе㲻ΪǰСӺ˲ǳ
ΪҲɱȶĺ᲻鷳һ鷳ˣ˵ЩѾûˣɱѾɱˣʱͱˮڡ㻹Ĳ⣬޹أ鷳ҵһ
ҪСһ㣬޸һ򵥵ˣΪȶУŹ㡣ĽǧѰ˵ûκҪֻҪСһ㡣
ллģҲ֪ʡ͵ĵƣ֪ڽһﲻᶯֻ֣ȴҽµԺ󣬲ŻῪʼı΢ЦŻص
㶯֣͵ڸߴңû֮ģ;кܴӰ졣ƶͷ
ھǺ飬һģΪԼĶھбɱȥǴҾͻܷʤλõɡ
ţҲûмۣǶСιС꣬Ұ׬ô࣬ǲǸҳԷοοҡ
ող˵ҪؼȥҳաСװûֱӰѻתʱ򣬲ȥһ٣һ͡
ΪһھܾصһЩ˵޴Ӿܾ
ԣɣҿ˳һ㡣֮Ӧ
ǰɣתôô˵Сؿ㣬һ̣֪ͲǺ˵תˡ
Աмӹһ㣬һһҡһְҵԵЦݣһԴ˵ķ꾭Ҳ˵ǷԱ
ôΣرһζ𣿡С갧Թװģ
ֻûشرû⣬ǼӹѲҪˣԺ֮ˡǣϻҪԼҼۣûĶ
ǰɣҲ̫˰ɣô԰С겻ţֻۣʲô
ЩŮҲֻͬ۵ǽʲôģ󡭡
ĽǧѰһʹжҪˡ
ҲкֳܶԷģЩ˼ҵĳԷǲ֪㵭һЦȫû˶Ա
ЦݣĽǧѰоԼĸʹˡ
ҽͳֳԷСЦ
ϲĻǾɣҲԲ˶١ûоܾˣΪ֪СķСͳԲ١ۡ
ҲΪ˵Сƣǻرģ
֪ͼһּ
㣬ܲҲң
ԡ
Ҳȥûɣ¶ǴͷеòȺŮԾԾԣ볢ʣȻǾ仰֮˽֮
ûûҿɲ죬Լϣÿ˽һ˼˼һҲðսӽŮӵĻᣬȻ˻ޣҪԱϣҪǮ

¶ȵŬջǡûãֻεȥϣļӹѡ

һŮԼСԺӣƿţȻ
˰һ޲ɷŮ˵һӭɷؼҵӣᣡ


40 Ůӡ
㿴Ůһۣ˺󣬽ŹϣȻ󿴿ԺţΧĽֵ
㣬ڿʲôС˲ؿ㣬ŽȥϹ˻صģڸʲô
ڿǲҼҡص
вԼļҶߴĽС㣬ǲļңСһ󣬾ĽǧѰΨһ֪ҵ˾ˡ
ûǰļҡôˣĽǧѰôϲСԺӣСʱ֪˶ٴΣС
üͷ˵Ҳ˵ҵļҲŶԣΪʲôҼҵԺһŮˣһһҲʶģ
ԭŮ㾹ȻʶֲỳԼǲߴˡһصУͻȻиʶ˶˵ʶĻԼǲߴˡ
ʲôŮˣĽǧѰСʶʵ
ûлشֱƿԺţ߽ȥֱӶǸŮ˵λС㣬Һʶ㣬ǲߴطˣ
ҡŮ˵ͱ˴ˡ
٣ôĽǧѰȵʶͻȻֵŮŮڴ˳ֺ⡣
ǧѰҷġŮЦŻػ
ʲôĽǧѰŮͬʱȵ⣬ЩŮʶͻȻֵҪϹŮ
м䣬СòҲʶŮһ˼ӡ
ʲôʱɷģĽǧѰʵȫǵôһ£Ҫ˵ǰŮɷĻӦö֪Ŷԡ
ڻûУϾˣҽΪδķŮ΢Ц˵
Ŷԭδɷδɷѡ˵ô᲻֪ѾɷˣڳееĻһѾǷ꣬ףȵȣδɷסĺֻһˡ
һؿŮλС㣬ҪϹĻͿȥߴţҲ̫ˡ
һˣ֪ԲңҶʶŮˣϹˡ
˭˵ߴˣ㣬ҵľ㣡ŮǺ˵
㿴ŮĬһᣬȻѹĽǧѰ֪˭ҵİɣϿȥļôģһ˶סܡ
ԣѾŮڲУ֣
ĽǧѰó˼˵ʲôʱŮѾˡ
˭ввŮŭҲᣬе㱩
ţŶԣҶвˣ˵ôᡣĽǧѰʶŮ˶ͬ뷨
ûôϹҿѾĲˡ֣Լôˣ㶼õ˳
ϲ㣬ҪȢ㣬򵥡ŮǿƵ˵
вҲϲ㣬Ȣ㣬Ҳô򵥡ػص
ʱŮ˵һ˾̾Ļ㲻ϲҲҪֻҪϲͿԡ㲻ȢҲҪΪȢ㣬Ȣҡ
ĽǧѰϿȥ֪ͨŮ˵ļˣǴȥϹˡѾʼŮ˵ʲôˡ
ĽǧѰ˺⣬ǻǵһο˸Ů˵ǰЩˣΧת
֣Ϊʲôô˲ҪҪҰأĽǧѰ֣ᷴԣΪŮ䣬Ӧ˵ˡ
˵вҿв㣬ˣӦңȢšŮ
ܸɴػصҲʶ㣡
㣬١٣ٽ㡣ŮԼ֡
һ£Ȼ˵ԲҲǵˡٵȷʶ㣬ҲƭǶǼǰ飬˼Ҳ̫ࡣ
ܲҵǣļУȫû١ˡ
㣬ٸʶģһʱ䣬ң𣿡ĽǧѰѵ
ǣǧѰ棬Ǹʱһ𡣡ǰ;˼ĽǧѰ㡭
Ҫˣǲȥǣ˷ҵϸֱӵ˵
㡭еŭˣԼô˵ҲǸŮСӾȻһɶ˵˷ϸףϸʲô
١ǰɣ似𣿡ͻȻʵ
ᡣ
ħ
Ҳᡣ
лл
˵ߵٵǰ
Ҫʲôֻ㽫˼֮ϣȻ˵Ŀɿ֮£Ժš
ؽӵϣȻžһţżϡ
ٷһ۵Ľ
ԺҪżˣȻûнŮåǽ٣һĴлΣյġ
ţΪ˰ȫҰ˴Ѵ
òȫûΪʲôΪʲôҪΪķ


41 ǮŮ
顭
ţСӡ
ǿҵٵĽ
С㣬ȥĻ⸽ȫǹļ˿ɾҪȥˣ
ֹͣˣ
СӣƣߡٵŴĶ˾Ҳˡ
Ҳǣ㲻¶ˣˣһӵϣŲߵĻǶĻ
㣬ǲ̫һ㣿̲ס˵
ҲáһӣȫûоԼΪʲôԡ
ĽǧѰ㣬ǲӦһԭ˵
Բʣն
ΪʲôҺܲ⣬һֲ֪ԭ飬ʲŶԣѵ֮ʲôܣԣԲʶ٣ôܡ
ǵΪʲôأ
޹أ㻹ĸֻش
ô޹أˣһǷʲô¡
£Ҳʣ޹أˣܻܿǻ˵һ᲻ʣ㷴ʵ
ΪʲôҪʣ١ٷʲô£Կ϶Լ޹ϸ𣬼Ȼûйϸʲô
һ²һ£»鷳£Ȼܡ
˵ˣ۷ʲô£Ҫ㡰ޡ٣пȢǲܵ£˵һʼûбҪ̸ȥΪֽʽõķ
ǶѾ뷨ʵеǸҪǴȥĻһҪ۾
ԴˣҵóһۣǰһѪƯŮôᣬһҲʲôϧ
УѾϧˣ˵ĻֱԺһֽӳȥ١͡˺òá
ʵֻһİˣһеëġ
ȻİˣбҪеŮģϵٵģƯĻǲƯ𣿲ҪȫһˣԼ޹ϵˣٶ˵ˡ
޹ϵˣǸԼôĻԻǣĴȥ
ˣǰ۷ŽȥŪ͡ҲЩŮô룬۵ĲϾͽȥˡ
ЩϣǺСģţ⣬߲ˣϻеζƷʳ׺ܼ򵥣ţ档
ϴɾˮţȰףʱҲ˶ãЩŮûԹء
Ǻ桭
ͣͣͣͣҺͺͺ͡
СĽǧѰее㲻˼ע£㽫ͺã棬棨ֱǹ棬
˵ŮԺУΪûôĿռ䣬վ˼ˡ
æһСʱڸ㶨ͣԼһٽһ룬ȥһ룬һ룬һ롭
ЩŮһ붼û꣬Ѿüˣ˵ٶȣ˵ʳ˿ֲЩŮһ붼Բ¡
Ȼ˵滹ǳԵǮ棬ԣǣ鶼򲻵ЩŮûгԹԶζֵܲá
С̫ˣҪԼ붼ҪԱһȥһҲܴһߣֺ޳ܵռΪС
ЩŮԵû죬ֻܸп㣬ˮƽ棬ʳҿ꣬׬ˡ
ȵȣǿãЩŮ˳ԵôģʱǵĺѣҪЩ׷ǵӵߣͻˡ
ٺ٣ҹȻţ
С꣬㶨ϲ׬Ǯʵġ
ʲôȻṩǸʱͲˣҲṩһЩʳ䷽ؾϰ壬ŶǮϰȥɻ
һ͹󣬴ҿʼˣû뵽һ֣ջ
òưס˵ľҪסθ仰ŮҲͨõģȻ˵ϰ㣬ĺøжȻǿ϶ġ
ò͹ĽǧѰеȻʰȥˣĬĬű顣
Ůʱˣһȥ
ֻʣ°ƶ¶ȣС꣬ĽǧѰ
ƶ¶ڵĽǧѰ֣ĽǧѰȻǣȴסѧУᣬƶһ
ҪȷƶһȥΪһ޷ȥ·գϲľǺͷƶѧڿ֮˻Ǻܺõѡ
ãĽǧѰʰ׼뿪ʱһ¡
ˣ㣬Ĳǵ𣿡
ǵˣͷص
Ҳһ֪ˣ
֪
Ǵ½Ĵ֮һꡤٵŮ½ǮŮ֮һ



42 н
֮ĽǧѰҵһԭɣʵ̫ˣû취ȥ
ʼٻе㲻˼ڣΪϳţе㶪ˣģͱĽǧѰһȫ顣
ԭĽǧѰþò˵
ԭپ˫οϷŪ˵۾ˣһʼһֱΪųܵ㾹Ȼһ棬ȫ߸֪ˣҲ͵͵Цˡ
죬ﶼĻľٶԲ֪֮䣬ǼҲû뵽ּݵĵڶΡƭԡΪ޳ܣȴһдǣһжƵġ
죬żǻȥһ£ǸʱѾȥˣ¿һٵ˲Ļǲнġ
ĽǧѰջᣬҲܵ룬ͻıһע⵽һαֳĲǡ޳ܡкǿҵϢ
Ҳ֪ôģȻˡ
;ȥ㣬ҲҪϷŪһ㣬ײβģȥ˺ܾãԵʱ򣬲һμ
ҲڽǶϿȶΪʲôڴ֮ǰԺеȴԭܼ򵥣ȥϵʱ䡣
Уû׷㣬Ϊôǰ˵£û뵽һȻôˡ
˵˵ҪϷŪΪҲԭġ
֪ΪʲôûѧԺֹΪǹ塣
˼ĸȻǴ½Ǯ֮һȴǹ塣½ƽһԽĸǽǮҲãҲܳΪ塣
ƽҪΪ壬취٣Ҽ
һ־ǴӾԼߵսõͷΣĸһֵļȴܵͺܵͣƽӾĻһʼҪ͵𣬲ٵĻԶȹ١
ͬľһǹ壬½ĵĹء
һ㣬ƽһѧ似ܶ඼ھвſʼѧϰ似Ͳܶ࣬似õľȻͲࡣ
ƽʿÿζǳǰ棬ûѾҵˣܼĶ֮ĸһ
һֳΪİ취ΪߵĹףֵļҲСôĻףҲ߹ˡ
һ˵ֻ֡
ҳΪĹмè壬Ȼº󱻲ҪĹͷΣ͸ݵĹҲҪǣ
Ҳ˵ǹǵĹأ½Ĺ壬ϡΪ仰ǵ뷨ҲǿͨõģֻܱǸ߹ݡ
ԣҲȥ¸ҲòһССĹͷΡ
һеĹض©ģҪΪ廹һȽ׵İ취йѪͳͿǮҸߡ
ֻҪǹˣֻҪ̤żľͼˣʲôĻҲû˻ܡ
Ψһ鷳Ǵ󲿷ֵĹ岻ԽһƽֻЩûĹ壬Щ̰̰ͼɫȵֲסջĹ塣
ŮԹ壬϶޸壬Եģ֮ҲмҵģǸ㡣
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ĴУǹ壬һȻʼǹ壬Ѿ˺üķΪ塣
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껹һֳӣһŮòܼܰңһҲûⲻǸײƲľ
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йɣ϶һڳУѧԺ￴飬֪ʶȥɭУеĳ̶ԽԽǿʱҲԽԽãӿʼһ£ϡ
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43 С
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üͷ˵С꣬ǲҲðǮһ㣬ȻÿλѧϰҪȥ׬Ǯ
УǮܸǵ⻹ҪܶǮͻ׬ܶ࣬Ϊá㿴ڲǺܺûǮȥ׬ǮȻǮĻһȥС껹һļᶨ
ҡҡͷе˵㣬˵顣
ţҾһϿΡ
ҪһСĻΪʲôǮ˹ϵֵزϵĺ顣
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ȻˣҲͿʼʽеĿγ̣һ˴˼ιԽԽǿԽԽɱ
Ǽ֧Ѿ֪ķ룬ǼͷεģɱҲӰ׼ͷ
ЩԼڰһֻһֻģ˵˲ϸǲҪռʱˣϾԼ鷳顣
Ϊˣÿֻգ
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ڣĹոպñֻ֮һ
˵ԣһر飬ɭѾʼһƽɭ
ɭԱԵ㡰ץһֻصɫС˵ؾڣ˵һŮȻĻǺֻܶ࣬һЩ򵥵Ļ
֮ûгΪļ꣬ҲΪ˵ɱһֻò׷ɱ֮ƺҲͷǾͺҪɱҡ
ʱһؿתһȻˣԼԭ磬İ˸粻Ƕ˵ԭҪضˣһֻʲôֵġ
֮ȥʱȴˣɵСԴĥţڸлľ֮
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44 ޱ
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鷳ǲӵģһ˵Σʵǹ鷳ģӶŵģӶҲ٣͵Լˡ
Ӷᷢ񣬳ôԼȥѡ⣬һֻԼѡʺϵѡӶͬȼĸһ㡣
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˲һѺ˵ɣ½ûֵĴҲֻˣûע⵽Ƕ˺ܶǾΪ˱СġһߣҪǵĽǶٰһݳᡣ
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45 ʼ
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صţû£һȥˣɣ˭ʤΡҲ㲻ףΪʲôҪԼ
㲻֪ʱɵЩ¼Լϣ˾ʡ
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ⶼʲô˰Сȫ֪ʲôܡ
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ʵҲȥһϳԼһ󡱹Ժ͵һҲˡ
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ɱȶĸҲˣҪȻôһȥˣûжҶĲˣҲжʱˡ
赱ģǻᱣС㡣һ˵
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ޱû˵˵ʧݣ˼̰Ǯе㲻Ҫ
ܿ죬ͶĹˣΪȫһҵεӣһ·ϽǵһУ·ĽֵԼص㡣
Ȼ̰񣬲»ǺܳɫġǰޱĿҲƵ뷨

㣬СˣڽĳС¥ʱһ۵Ůðޱ˶ѰԴ
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ÿɰСŮӿɰĶ޵ֿġ
ոջΪ߷ȥСһֻͨСֻ΢ɰһ㣬Ҫʵʱץģܲøû뵽ֻСȻ˵̫ˣҲ̫ɰˣһҪõ
ţǵģС裬һ򵥵Ļش
ޱ˵С裬ܿɰ֣ɰ㲻ʵ֪ôõģܸܲң
ҵģ˵ϵõԸ㣬ҴӺɭģȤȥңҲͬ顣΢ЦŻص
Сûͬ飬ֻСһˣ񣿣СʱóӣشĻΪ
òƣϲ֣ƺķʽҲܼ򵥣һ֡㡣
СӣҲûٸˣΪ֪ѾԲˣʳȡҲΪŻȻ͸ˡ
һΪˣȻǼְģȴһֱûȮΪȮ̫ܳˣ𡭡
С裬ģޱ
˵Сȴܲӵķߣ



46 ڣʵǺ
ͣλоСϻеġ
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ǰޱӣ޷ȥһñӣšīס󲿷òŮˣʲôÿġ

ˣѧԺŰޱѧԺĴſڣͼ򵥵ĽһѧԺ顣
󲹳һ䣺ҪһΣѧԺиأ˭Ͽʱ䣬ֻܽȥܳҪǽȥҪѧ֮󣬲ܳ
֪ˣιѧԺҲҪʱ䣬ʱҲˡޱſеС裬òƻе㲻ġ
ְҵԵ΢ЦǺãǽȥɣԼȥι۷һҡ
ι۷ѣ˾ȵʵ
УʿҪѧԺͱһʱ֤ͨԷ޹ʿѧԺѧϰһңſڻС͵ѧԺУǼ̣ҲǮ
ޱеתǴû˵ѧԺҪǮ磬߹ôطҲѧԺô֪Ĺء
ʥ۹ߵȵʥѧԺҲûĹأһǶ⿪ŵġ
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˵ҲҪһҡ
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Ȼԭ֮⣬ҲΪ˷ʱ䣬ͼͲȥԶô鷳
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ã˵ͣҶʳһ򲻽Ʒѡصڡʱֻ衰͡УٲʳҲһԹԡ
οԶǲôֻҪȥͿԣȻ˵ʱͻֻѡģѡԵġ
ǾAͣE͡ޱѡȽʺϵͣ˵Ӧ
Aﲢõģ滹ؼײͣõĵȻԼˣҪģײ͡
˻࣬Ժܿϲˣ˵һ׻ȻͿʼˡ
㿴˶˰ɣԵһ루һEѾ¶ǣͶ԰ޱ˵ʱ˿ʼˣٶԽԽ죬⵱ȻΪҵ¿ʱһġ
ţޱͷųһС֡
ף㣬ô㲻С𣿡


47 ϰӶ
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ޱüͷԺٺһԷʱһ£㣬ѧԱ𣿡
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ܣ˵ͬ׸ŮˡһӣС嶯֮ȥһ١
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С㣬ǹöԷ֪Ҳʮ꣬ǻʧȥĵģȻǵıͲ㣬ٺ١
ǰɣʮ꣬һΪӱȽСԭǻûг󡣡翴´š

˵ĻӶȼʲôһʮСӣô˼Ƽ֡
ϰ˲ˤĴ𰸡
ϰӶȼûеӶӶǺױӵ֣Ӷ׶˵ġ
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ζѣֲǵʦǴ·һ¾ͿˣΪҲûʲôʤι֡㲻Ļص
ּǣֻһϰӶǷȼCôһϰӶ
ϰӶôˣǲȥˣȻ͹CСܲ˵˵˵㣬ܲˬ
Ȼƽʱ˵㣬ԼЩˡ
С꣬Ҫ˷ѿˮ㵭˵С˵ģûȥӶȼĿˣԾӶöѾܸߣҲһǸϰӶ
ӶУӦ񣬴ﵽ㹻ӶöȣҪμһοˣÿȼжӦѶȿˣֻͨԺ󣬲Ӷȼ
ԣӶĵȼʵˮƽٶﲻҲһ
öȴһּ㷽ʽöȸߣõҲúܶ࣬ЩȽҪȽöȸߵӶȻΧڵġ
ĿǰҪֻϰӶĵȼ͹ˣҲȥˡҪǣҪ̿˷ѵġ
˵㣬Һܲˬ㣬ҸǮȥˡС˵һˬ
ˣҾüϰһ㣡EӶ֮࣬Ц˵ЦոնԴޱ˵ȫͬٴи顣

㣬ôԷʱŮ˹ΪĿǰ֮ĽǧѰһǷƶ
ĽǧѰ֮˵ΪǰԷ黹һָơ
ĽǧѰƶС㣬þûˣԽԽˡ̧ͷ΢Ц˵仰ʲô֮ʣʵ
һķĽǧѰƶԽԽãҲԽԽŮʮ˱ԽԽƯ
Ҫ˵СҲʼˣȻȲǣഺˡ
ĽǧѰƶһ죬ֱӵе㲻˼ĽǧѰһ䡣
𣿡
Ҵ˵ѻ˵
ҿԿ϶仰ǻѻСͬ˵



48 ޵С
㣬λСǣĽǧѰƶڼʱ򣬾ͺܺĿ˿ޱûмһŮ
磬ӵˡ
εģӶίУҵʮĵΡȤʶĻԼʶʶֻ˵˰ޱԼĹϵû˵ݣһǲ˵ûҪ
Ŷ񣡡˵ĽǧѰƶˣòҲѡһһE͡
ڰޱȻ޹أҲһӵ
ޱܵĴһһ֣Ϊֹûһע⵽ÿ˶ĴڣȻҲһΪסĿԭ򣬵ľǰδйġ
ŮԵĲһһǺǸߵǸŮһùϵǳ
Ϊʲôޱ룬ܼ򵥣㿴һϵͨˣʳ
ĽǧѰEʱȻĽʳָһ룬ȻԼʳ߲ܡ
֮ĽǧѰݸһ־ʱܾһòС鷢ˡ
㣬ҪҡС˽ͣϣոһֱ棬ûиһ
˭Ҫ㣿ʵ
ޱҲһŵؿС裬ôɰС裬Ȼ̫ǶˣСÿ
ץҵҸͿˡСںúȻҰɿᣬԵСͻȻһҲˣһּܣģκ˻
ЦЦ˵С裬˲㣬ӦҪ׷һŮЩϲɰŮɱ޵Сһ֣С첲Сȵģôԣ춼
㣬۸С裡СһȻСԴһ˦㡣
ˣˣ˭㰲οһС󣬾תСˡ
õĻشȴһµģһµľȣС꣬ĽǧѰзƶһȵؿ㡪ϵС衣
㣬ϵֻСʲôʲôʱģĽǧѰʵ
С裬ҵģʲôҲص
룬˵˵ĶҼǵֻвָ߽ħ޲С迴Ǹ߽ħޣħ޶ǡħͨҰ޵ķֱ𣬾ħħˣͨҰûС
СԣһħҲûУҿԸоĳ
ҲǻɣʱһֻصģСܾҲûж룬ǻûлشҵ⣬ոյûУ
ûУͬʱҡͷ
ǲ֪Ҳνˡ㿴һ깫ֱ߳ԼԼֲʶײ³β׷Сġ
˭˺񶼲ʶЩˡ
ħѧԺǱߵѧԺǲʶҲ֡ʱ򣬰Ů¶ȳˣýǵɻ
ոСĳ֣ѾΪǡ
ԭǱߵѧˣǽôܵСɻѧԺֳħ似򣬶߶û
ħѧԺҲרŵĲרõѵֻѧԺʱ򣬻ӶСðյʱ򣬲Ż似ѧԺ
ȻҲų֮˫Ҳǿŵģû˫Ľֻ˵ߵĽȽٶѡ
ȿȣҲųЩѧԺ׷ŮӵĻ
ǰ⼸꣬Ҷʶ¶ҲǸϲ²ġ
ѣֻСܲңҳһٽҡǰ꣬ŵ˵
ԲҺʶ㣬ʰ㻹ջȥ˿ӵػص
㣬Сӣ˵ҪôԸСٽң٣˵ֻҪ˵óҾ͸㡣껹һŵ̬ȣѾϰ˵ʽҲС
򵥵˵֣޼ۣ
ȷˣֻҪСϲһͭ嶼ãͿø㣬СϲٶǮҲûãΪȨС裬ǲ档
ߣС㲻Ҫקһ㽻С񡣡ߵߣ
굹Ҳɴ࣬˵߾ߣûаͣҲ뿪
˹ǾҲˣϲֻСûбֳʲôȤ׷ľѻᣬܴ뿪֮ͬе˵
ҵȻûע⵽ɣСŵӦö򵥣м仹һ似ѧԺĵʦ˹ʶֻʶѡӲĻͻᱻꡪ˹صȥС˭ʱ취

ˣ극ˣҲϢˡǾȥħѧԺȻٻ似ѧԺѧԺѵмΣ׼ޱȥħѧԺιۡ
ȻҪιѧԺҪʲôطҪȻҪȥħѧԺҲǰޱҪ󡭡


49 һȺ׳
˹Ҫҵ˽㣬似ZģǸȫУϵķϲģ챻۸ˬˣһ࣬ѾתˣһǰڽǶɱ˱ȶ̩գû˸Ҷˡ
ʵһδ֪һ٣˵ȥУǴû˼ֹҲͲ֪гɹΡ
УոߵģһС꣬ͬͬѧҲˣ쳣棬˿ģһĽǧѰδޣѾ˹ϵȴ岻ƶĽǧѰͬѧûжϵʦʶ˺ίˡ
ĿǰһӶִģίιۡ
һܶСɵ꣬ڰ˹ǰһԼ˵İЧʻ鷢һСʱѾôࡣ
ţܺãǸġ˹óһҸǸ꣬겢ˣһϢġС
УһϢίˣιħѧԺ˵仰ܿˣת۾ʧڴǰ
ߣСӾȻǵĵ̣˹Ǹɫ˹ߵġצͬ͡˵
ҲҪһԸ֪ҵˣǲк³ġ˹Ц˵ȻǾʧܡ

ʱ㣬Űޱ˲ιħѧԺʵҲǵһȿһѧԺƽͼ˽һ
˲ιһʱߵһطʱ򣬰˹˳ǵǰ·ס
ţȥӦǡüȥŰ˹˵ǲһҪС裿
֪ͺãڣóҲҪѵ˹ܸ߰˵
ЦһȻ󵭵˵λӣӦȱԼļҵף֣Լʲôȼĸ֡
㵽ڻ֪ǰ⼸񾭲ʲô֡
񾭲ϻȻ񾭲ǵĻ˭ΪһֻС󶯸ɸ꣬׷ŮӣҲ׷̶ȡ
˹ƺ㻰еķ֮⣬򣬻ȱҵף˵ǿżҫ
ߣүа˹޶٣ֻ֪ҪԹԵĽֻСҿһ㡣
ЦЦ˵޶үҪαˣǴ촰˵ѵңҲС㣬ҽûʱģԼʱ䣬ҾҲν
һЦΪǸɵϱȶֻԱݡ·ߣһԼȻҽѵһ٣뿪ҽѵһ٣Ȼ㱻̧ȥ˹㻹ûи״ڿɲŵʱ򣬾Ȼ˵ԼûգԼʱ䡣
㲻ãﶯֶţʱǸ׷Ů֪Ҫ˼Ҷȥ͸֪˻Σ΢Цֱָĺġ
ǲ֪ģʱ򣬴ҶѵֻǼ㡣˹мػصֻҪۿº˵£Ϊа취죬ºͻ뿪޹Ա
Ӧ֪С˵ɣǲ֪ѧ˵ЦЦСѧոǵĶԻ
˹ɫ̱ˣ֪С˵ҲΪС˵ǲűһСӻߡ
֪С边ȻΩΩФĽ˵ĻظҪСǸҪ˵Ǿˡ
ߣȻˣҾͰͷҲ֪˵˹ͻȻ뵽һİ취ݺݵؿС˵
㣬С躦£Сɵ㻳У·
С£ڣǻ㡣С裬˵ұڿǰ֣Ȼѡģڴɼ졣˵ͳ˹ȥҰνͿ
СһضֱӶ֡
ٶð˹˷ңǶħʦӦҪʿܶ࣬ͻȻϮʿҲеæң˵ˡ
ңħʦʿذɣ
žž



ýݺݵûŰ˹˵ûýУϾûеĳ̶ȡ
ħʦܲסû۵ɱһ󺰴С
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֪˭ѵ˭һм˵һȺ׳գ
ޱ˴Ŀ㣬˵ֳʵеĹۣ޳ȴӡ˵˵һֱӳȥˡ
ߣѵҪվħʦ׼ħȻҪȷˡ
ʵ˹ˣ֮£Ҳڵ첻С鷳ɱֻ֣û뵽˲عأ˵껰ϣͻȻϮ
С㣬Ǽιۣ
ϳ΢Цոʲô¶ûз


50 Ů
ͬѧΪһҲһʿޱڹ˺ܾõʱ̲ס˵һ㣬֪ڻѧԱʱƺҲıˡ
ЦЦ˵ǲǽʿ뱴С޹أֻǹӶϵҵְֻǴιǡ
ԸͣҲǰİޱϻΧģԻزشǿϲ
ߣޱܲˣ֪쵰һҲˣûСĿ㣬ƽϡ
㲻ӹûˣոһЩŮҲ
籾һ£Ӷ˵ֻҪȡʤͿԣȻַʽе㡰޳ܡҲʧһİ취
һʿҪԸôħʦõİ취ǽȻһ룬ͻ鷳Լһ֣ҲһĲ׽
ǿ԰ޱֱӰѵߵĻ£ݺݵؿһ㡣
ԴһҲںֻǼ飬Űޱ˼ιۣȥѧ¥Ȼȥѵ
ħѧԺѵȻ似ѧԺǱ߲ͬǱʢ˥Ļ߾͸ոպ෴Ůռһ룬Ůơ
СϻǲģȻָƷС
ҲֻΧԾͲӰ쵽ˡ
ĳһѵʱ򣬰ޱͻȻ˵ͬѧѾˣϰ˵׼ʱõҡ
õģҲûзϻ˵ˡ
оˣһɣԼҲûҪˣΪ춼ȥ档
˵ˣѧԺҲʱˣҲ˵εĵطҲˣÿɻҲǵεһ
㿴ʱ仹һ㣬׼ȥͼݿǵһЩϣΪ׼һԸӶ

ߺ󣬰ޱߵһɫŮǰ棬Ц˵ˣĹˡ
ÿοҶеԱޱŮֻΪŮŮȻʧɫΪѾǾɫŮİޱʱĲԸһֻԼҶ
ȴǴС浽ĺѣһܲϰߣҶҶɡ
ʵò˵ŮҲֻǱȰޱʤѣ˫ʯ峺۾ɢĹâӵмӺĸ߹ʣߵһӦ˼ֵĵز
Ů˰ޱһᣬȻʵޱ㲻Ҫʮ𣿡
꣬һǣپͻ鷳ޱָ촽ϡ
㻹棬ѾĿŮߣǰһŮ΢ЦһЦͲˣһȺע깫Ӷˡ
ЦˣȻЦˣڿЦˡ
Щ깫ĸߺԲµŮЦǰٲ²ⰬޱݣŮ΢ЦԴˣԲǼ
㻹һЩ˵ı飬סˣǼӰмʷŮˡޱЦ
Ӱм壿ʥ۹Ļѵ˵ŮǸ˵еʥ۹
Щ˺ᣬǻҸĵطİɡŮŰޱ뿪ѵһСԺȺѧԺĸ߼ᡣ
˱Ժ֮ŮŮӦŮ棬ޱҲš
ǾͿʼ죬˫һЩ˽ܵĻ⡭

ǰɣ˿㣿
ʲôûСòȻ򶫣

С裬˵ɫС񣿣ǲġ
ԣ𣿡

ԭǸ˹Ϊֺ㣬ҪȥץС裬һǿֻǰ˹Ϳˣ֪Ҫ
ôˣ
Сʱǻ쵰ϰӶûиûһ㽣ʿȵġ


ҪСĻһȥɡ
˰ɡ
֪㲻ϲ˽ӽ㣬㲻ϲЩ˶ĿģǸϰӶһ㣬пܻ㡣

Ϊ㲻Ҵ鷳ҲǺһױҪ˿ò˫ۡ


ڶ峿㻹ǼϰƣõԽԽÿһΣһµĸ򡭡
˹ԹͣϢһᣬȻǰõꡣõ꣬һ֣Ҿ֪ǸټҵĲҵǳõõ꣬ȼ˵Ǽ
ͬѧһѺһ𡣡ޱһīñӵŮ
Ŷȥ㲻ʵһ˶˵ûзֱ𣬶һĴ
ˣûޱص
ͬʱߵŮһۣ˵˵ûɣˡ


51 ټš
ĵʮ죬Ҳ˵ٹͿε
ӵڶ쿪ʼһͬ˵Ů뷨Ҳûʲôر鷢Щ죬һֱһεı֣ǵʤżľһһչڰޱǰ档
ҲεȫĵͶ뵽ΡΡ֮УһʼֻΪСŮҲһԼĳԣʼ֮
ޱˣϻȥʱ򣬶ڶԼȥԼʲôľϲڴ
ҲԵЩʱŬȥϣǵصһڳ
ڰޱˣΪʲôӶ˻ἫƼ㣬ȷǺܳɫӦ˵Ƿǳɫ
ָֻ棬һĹΧڵģΧΪðޱ
ȫĿˣĴڣ
ðޱŮһ£ԼڱţȴСʧȥš
ܶʱ˶һֳ嶯ñõˮ۾õԼӶȥһЩʧȥЩš
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ЩʱȻǲ֪Ůʲôݣû˵䣬֮ĶԻֻڵһǼ䣬ΧСġ
һ㣬Կ϶С衰֡һŮעһֻɰС׷ŮӵǿСȼģ
С裬ԺҵҸܾҪҸ㶨ˡ뵽ʱ㲻ɵССԴСҲ˵ĻӦһ¡
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ŮЩƣޱһ͵Ц˵Ҹ߹ˣ㻹š
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52 Ů˶ױж
ͬѧǣޱ󿴿ҿ֪ʲôط
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㵱ȻûǸټҵĴС㣬ôƽǵƶǮ˵Ľ
ƶޱ˶ȵ
ԣƶ۶ôĳУһƶۼĵطедԭ磬ĳУҲһƶҲһ
ƶ˵㣬λ˵㣬ȴǳбزٵģǳзչͶڸλ
ֻ֪ôɻǸټҵĴС㣬ڵȻͻСȴѾæеһЩҵӶӴһЩƶˣ֪ǻ϶סһط
ȴ֪ԭط䡣
ǶǽǧС㣬һûмĵطҲ֪ƶҾｫһɫĵطٶ˵ƽ˵
᲻Σգü
ΣգΪƶȫǻȻзΪطҲһʾԱߡ㿴һ۴ңҼȻѾǹЩˣǾֻ˵á
ţͲ˵ЩĵΣƶнƶȥɫСԡ
ֻȥҲֻ㣬ŮҳԣΪãΪʳﲻܺãӶνֻޱ˲ԣҲҪװ֡
Թ鲻ԣǵҲƶȻ֣࣬ܿҲԼҪģԼǶֻǮλѡ
žһεƶ֮֮Ƕƶ֪ȫı䣬Ҳʼˣǲǹ壬˵ΪǸıܶࡣ
ԭûƶ֮ǰǵ֪Уһҵĵطȴ룬Ȼ䣬ȴܸɾǽֵ뷿Ӷһ
Ͼ˶ϲɾģҵЩֻΪΪƶ

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һǸӡ
ģǸһĽǧѰ˵ʳлƷƷ衣
ãһͭңǼ˻ָóһӽٵͬʱ˵һĻ
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㣬ҲǼ˵
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Ϊ·ʱһͷԼˣԭֻһȺСϷ
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ȻеƾɣСǵ·Ҳе㺮ᣬȴܷ⻭Ҷ·ص˹ȥԼͯʱ⡭
֮ͻȻְޱߵ㳡м䣬ĸ𣬸һͯ棬һָжһ֡
㳡Լʱ䶼·ֹˣֻҶû˶ֻǾ漣ĸ
ʱţޱȷ̫׸жˣȥ衣
òϣĸҲһж
ָо⻭ϤиֳջX-2ᳪһĻҲ˵ĲƣҲһǡ


53 ɧ
ޱ
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㳡ϵСѾΧڰޱߣҲԽԽ˾ۼ㳡Һܶ˶ѾϳޱΪĸѾõñ۾ԭ
Ⲣģǳʱʶõ
飬ųһμ˵Ĺ԰ݳһ
Щ鷳ˣҲ֪ƣһ͹ˣôãݶ¶ˡλ˧绹ǿȥ볡СλС뿪ûע⵽֮ǰü
С㣬жԣҲҪһ£ڳɲʰˣòҵ顭
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Ȼޱ۾ϣϱŮһ㣬ȫֲ࣬ԳΪ֮һҲǹϵôõԭ
㣬㲻ȥ𣿡ٷվԭһȫûȥæ˼
ȥʲô㷴ʵ
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ҵǵΣǱڣʲô޹أҵְΧֱӻص

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ҴûԼǳģԼԼֲѣҲûίұİȫһ²ؼ߸߹ӡ
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ŮĹȻˣһ־һٽңεҪʮңݾԲ򵥡
С㣬λС뿪ǵõϡ仰֮󣬾Ѿ͵ȺŰޱƶ
ޱ
ޱ
ԿʼеѾʼӵˣҪһȺСѣѾޱȥ
Ǹʱ򣬰ޱͿˣδϹȥˡ

ʱİƵĲͷӳƣȺдУԲ˼ĽǶȥŰޱٽӽ
ޱߵʱ򣬻һ㡣
ʱİޱѾֳеƲסڵĸôʱġʿˣ֪ʿΪҲŹġ
ŮˣҪ˵ߣŰޱ־ߣٴγȥޱŴȺС
ҲΪԼֱһţԾûע⵽㲽棬ȺУ֮һ㣬Ŀ·£ȫûʲôӴ
ʱ㲻ԺҪϹҪ㱨꣬ԼǱסŲ˳Զ
Ժ飬Ҫ뿪һҪȺԽȺڻ˽ӴԼˣʧȺУһȥԺϾͻᱻ˷֡
Ǹʱ򣬾ҪһȺ׷ţһ䶯͸еͷʹ
ãѾ׼
ŰޱܿҲǵĴڣҲ˵ʱڹ㳡һǣͻȻޱĸǴҾһƶ
ʱڹ㳡һǣ뿪Ⱥȥһͷϻһ·
һ㣬Ǹ·˴æ뿪
ʱ򣬰ޱĸڼҶǱƶûע⵽ߡ
ͬѧǲСѧҳ裿Զ㳡֮󣬸·¶ĿǸոɧŵİޱ
ʱ¸ڰޱͷϣͺ׵ʧȺûðޱĸǸʱޱһԼҲûг裬ôԼĸܿˣСѧԼ衣
ţСңӣȻô뿪ͷóһӣһ£Ǻûġ
ðޱɻ󣬲ϾˣٻС
㣬СˡСɵļϡ
ԣСĺܺãֵñĳλС㣬ҲҿοݳᡣСͬʱҲ˵ޱĲǡ
ҡޱίԼЩСԼĸ㷢ԼʱС
ʵһʼΪһֳ︡һ׸裬ȻˣЩƶСԼĸ裬ݳƱǺܹģƽ
һ·޻
㽫ޱ͵õ꣬ʱŮѾȴǾȻԾȰޱ֪˵ǻʶӢۣ˵̫ڵ
ڰޱŮ˵һĵĻ֮㿪ڵС㣬Ѿ¶Ҳ治ˣǾͽɡ
У˵ʮ죬ҲҪߴšޱֱӷ顣
Ǻðɣ֪׽תŮʵλС㣬ѾɣǱ븶ɡ
ޱɻؿŮʲô
ŮҲûж˵ʲôֱóһŽƱ㣬ӹ˵лл֮󣬾ת뿪ˡ
㽻ʲô񣿡ޱʵ
Ըִ뿪˵ΧֻøȳȺŮص
ʲôļϰӶȻҲܱСߣҪÿޱе
ʲôÿڵòѾˣҲǺǰһȫ޶áŮҡͷ
ҲܣߺһҪÿȻ죬ûлˡޱĹĵ˵Ҳ֪һ֮󣬾ͲٳԼǰ


54 ˣ
ʮңǵĸõУһ߼ԺдĸĴʱøȻ
ߵĲǱˣǰޱѾ޷ǰһȥ棬ȻϣѾǣҶ֪λӵ֮Ѿڡ
ȥǻױҲкܴĻᱻϳټѾˣʱϰһ£׼ٱݳᡣ

ڰޱ֮£ȴһгһ˯ʱֻһſԺеʯ˯
˭ڰޱǰ˯˳ĸ֮£Ȼ˯
ðޱĸ֪Ļһ󺰣ҪǸңɶʮ꣬ʮҲԭ
ߣޱһĿ֮󣬺ݺݵصһּۣ衣
ȻϺûжȴѾץҵĸôԣҲ㲻ͣļϰӶһûִС
ֻ룬ΪѾıݣòĸΪԺ츳ⶼ΢һ㣬ǾͱʾԼѾȫûʲôܱġ
ʣ˯˾㣬Ҳֻſ˯ڽϾŵ͵ޱȥֻֻҪɹ죬Ͳ÷ˡ
ķʽҲܼ򵥣˯
ޱ㡰ÿ˯ȴСһ˯ʲôܣҲ˯ֻεķ

վǣҲֱܵʵ׼ûУ

Ժ˶㿴֪˵ʲôǺá
ףģǲ׼һȥԷ㷢Ժֶ˼ϾֻаޱӶ磬ֶһǰЩһŮһٵŮһüŮӡ
ԣԣ˯֪ԣޱʱܲãһյ飬ײǹϡ
㵱ˣȥõĲͣǮڱС˵ϡȴػصȻתȥ
ڰޱʲô£Ǿ仰²ؼ߸߹
;ͻ͹ԸޱеʵѾͣصΪ˵㣬ⲻ㣬˵ķݶԵ
֮󣬴ҲʼòͣޱûʲôθڣͳԵĲ࣬͸ˡ
Եûһ֮£ͰѶȫ㡪㣡
ԸǲʵֵģжٳԶ٣Ķӣ˵˾䣺ţ˷ֱõ״̬
䣡ȫء

˵ɣʲô£ã˵԰㡣Űޱ˵֪ܳԣԼҳԣж԰Сæν
ֻСæ͸ոҵʳȼۣ
ʲôãϰСӶְﲻҡޱĹĵػصǽȴְ˵
ʵҲܼ򵥣ǰޱֶӣĳȾظðȾȫˣ¼ظð
ȻѾҽΣָͺ˵ˣҪһϲݳĻ鷳ˣ־úϲġ
ǸŮڵŮӹԱظð֮֡Ůݾ־͵ģæޱһЩ顣
֮ԻȴҶΪޱ̫磬Ҳһˡ
ʵֻҪٿңǿһЩҲνޱ˵Ǹ١
Ĭﲻ㡣
㣬ʶ˵У˭ãޱεʵֻˡ
ĽǧѰܸɴػصⲻ뵽ֻ֪ᡣ
ϴǸһԷŮ𣿡ޱļ㲻ȻֻǼһ棬ǻļǵá
ԣȥԣҲѾû취ˡص
ðɣɡޱ˵ֻˡ

밬ޱһȥѧԺĽǧѰ
ҵĽǧѰʱ򣬰ޱĽǧѰȥѧԺȥĽǧѰΪ룬ԾʹӦ
ܳϣȻǲǷǳĺãõ
ĽǧѰĸټգѾԽ˰ޱԭĸ֣ǳܶܶ࣡밬ޱҲĬͺѾܾõģһ˼
⵹û뵽ģĽǧѰĸˮƽȫ˽⣬ֻ֪ᣬȴûʵǵˡ
Ǻˣˣڶϰһ˴
ޱȥݳᣬʾлİæʱܸɴľܾȥðޱһӱˣȻĹĵĻط


55 ҹС̯
ƶĽǧѰȥˣ
СڿĽǧѰʱһ·ƶպZ밬ŮһѵСǰ쿴ĽǧѰȥûٳ֣ԾͱȽϺ档
Ҫﰬޱ٣⼸춼ȥϰҪݳˡƶشҲܣܶ˶֪ҲûбҪСꡣ
ޱݳ᣿ˣˣһԷСǰޱһƼĽǧѰȥﰬޱС꽫Լ⼸ڰޱĴԣЩȻľͿԵóۡ
ҲǷƶΪģҲ֪㲢ûƼֻ˵ԼΨһ֪ѡ
ʱǶȥС꣬ҪҪһȥƶС꣬ZΨһŮŮͬѧ飬ƶŮͶ࣬ҲνԷƶͷ롣
һһ쵽̨ޱϴζûĿСؾǰޱĸԣʱżһ𣬾Ȼ֪
ʱ¶̽СԴ˵ҪʧˣܾޱǧѰ룬ȥǵݳΪǧѰһӡ
ʲôܾ֪ˣһûֵĴУ͡С꾹Ȼóһ밬ޱһĽۡ
ţҲǡ¶ȵͷ͡
ǲҪ˵ǷǣҲֻǲȥѣҲʲô񡣡ƶ˵ķ顣
СҪ񣬾˵ţҪ˵ˡ˵󣬴ֵֻͷϣΪֺ죬Żȥ׬Ǯ
ȻĻǾһȥɡС˵仰׼ˡ
ʱһصŮܹǰ˵أΪһֱŶŮǰеģһ̰ԵŮҼʱ򣬶ڳŶ
˶֪ϵĿǳԵ졣
Ҳ֪Ϊʲô̰ԣȴһС㣬˲ߣҲҲΪʣԲŻ̰ԡ
ƶ㣬ҵһ˼С̯һȥɡ˵ַ֮ŽһЩʳҧš
С㣨֪ԣ˵鶼йأΪ˳ԶԲѧԺȥμӾۻᡣȥôأƶŮͷŮ˵Сһʮ꣬һʮСŮ
Ժ˵ƶ㣬¶Ƚ㣬ȥҹУиС̯ĶܺóԣҲɫ֤ûԹģȥĻһڵġŮ˵
УǻҪȥݳ´ȥɡƶҡҡͷص
ݳϣӰġǸС̯ȴڣ´ξͲ֪ʲôʱˡŮǼ֡
ƶֵؿŮʵС㣬ϰߣ㶼ǳˣŻȥòҲǰɣȻʱзһŮ֣Էƶее֡
Ůһ죬صʵѾС̯аˣⲻܹңĶĺܺóԡ
ꣿͬһط˰ꣿһȤȥƶʱеȤˣ˽⣬ŮһС̯ϳԶ¡
ʵҲûа꣬м̯ÿһ¾ͻʧһʱ䣬ʱһ²ȡ˵ȥ׼ϣ˵ģÿγֵʱ򣬲϶һҲͬܺóԡʱȾһ㣬ҲԸ⡣Ůʱһӡ
ȥȥҵҪʲôһ̯ӡ¶ȽеԽԽ˼
СʱҲ˵ҲҪȥҲ԰̯ʱҼµʳݡȻС꣬һ뵽Լ档
ȻϾȥɡƶ˵̯ʲôط
ŮصڳǶһСҹУƽ񻯵ҹУϴҾͲҪһСĴ磬Ǵ۵·ȥ
õģ
ǺĸСԼȥƽҹй䣬ԵСԡ
ģӸҡЦ˵ո˼˵ĶԻҲһȽϲʳˡ
ֶһŮʦ˶ͳˡ

ҹһƽҹϣעŮˣǾǰŮȻǴѾͨ
ڡСָһ̯λеÿο̯λڣͻܸˡ
˳Сָ򣬿̯ıӰʱ̯ͬʱĸŮ˶оӰϤĸо
С磬ʲôСȥе
С㣬ҸܶΣҪС磬Ҫд硣Ūա̯ת΢Ц˵
תʱ򣬰Ů֪ΪʲôӰϤˣ˴ҶʶͬʱǷϵЦݺУǵһμġ
ǡ
㣬ʲôСܹȥ


56 ʳ
СꣿλСôҲȤ㿴Сʵ
ƽҹУ벻СҸ벻ǣƶ¶ȡ
ôҲڣеɻе㲻⡣
С磬ʶʦͷƶ𣿡Сʵ۾ȴһֱû뿪ҳȥĲơ
ʱҪóʲôöûгԹҪȫˡ
ʶ˵ôԭΪС㡣仰ˣ΢Ц˵ĽİɣԿ䣬ҵĶǺܺóԵġҪʲôԼƵ㣬ҵĹǮȸ
ѾϰԸ֪ԲԼѣŻݶѡҲʵе㲻ϰߡ
ǰҪʲôЩеĻþһа취Ҫ˵Ǯˣ·Ҫһ
Ȼ׷ǵˣ׷ģʶĶΪ˱ʿȣⲻ˵ġ
ţҪСĵˣǮһڴؿ㡣
ʱ򣬰ǷʵҪǮҲΪոСô࣬˵ĺüҲûгһҡ
ĻһҲѼͭң˵ʲô
ҲǣƽҹУԵ˶ƽƽһҲͼͭңҪһҪңǾûˣҲ̯
̯ˣΪʲôҪ̯СͻȻ㻹ûлشԼ⡣
һοʵ㣬㻹ûлشңʲô
͡
һ߽Ϸϣһ߻ص̯ⲻŵ顣
ϻҵȻ֪ΪʲôҪ̯С
㷭ŪŲϣصС㣬Ҫ׬ǮңһҪԷѹ̯׬죬ͽҲˡ
ôҰҶԺö㹻жŶԡСͻȻҿһ¡
⻰ģԼסǮͳȺˡ
ʵ˵ЦѣǮǾԹã˵ǰģ˵õ120ң͹һˡ
˵ʵڣԵԼ㶨ǴԹģɼģƽʱҪۣϣ֮ġ
ˣҪϵĿһǶܶࡣ
ֻڰһЩװһЩֵĶõС̯ӣ֮ġ
ⷽĿͱȽϴ󣬾㲻˹ǮҲҪЩǮ
Щǿϵﵽƽ⣬֮Գ̯һΪ˺棬Źκ׬ǮĻᡣ
ÿȥɭֺ󣬶кܶϴһ֣һЩԼɫСԣϳ̯
ԣƭҡСܿͷеĲԣһڣ㵽ڶһˡ
ػش˭˵ģҼҾڡС裬Բԣ
ڣһڣСһڣС

СҲû˵ʲôΪʵǶͰƶ¶ȣԵһ㶫ȻСߡ
ûù󺺶˵Сӣֻ»˰ŪҰ⣬ơ˻͡
㽫ҰϣȻͰųơơ
ơ㽫ơƷŵǰ棬󺺾ͽǮơҸλ£Ҷ֪ĹأȽˡ
ĺơƣִУСԣűơƣǺܶ˵Ҳһܻӭܶ˾ΪصҲѾкܶ˿ʼѧ㣬ơƱһ¡
ʲô취ҲҪˣϿһѱϵħơǴ´ࡣһѱϵħҲ䶼ˡ
Ҳֻħ飬˾ԲǾǵߵΪ
ˣ˶İ취ơƣʱɾͺܸߣǺܼ򵥵飬ֻҪûǮͿԡ
С㣬˵ֻ»ʲô˼ССĻ⣬ٴαѣ
С֣ʱͻỻý֮ΪյĶǰûгСش
ǰԹЩʲôСʵ
ܶ࣬ˮȣг棬ձض󣬻ȫ򣬿⴮Сһţû˵һʣС۾һ㣬һ㡭
Сӻʲôҿ飬ϾͻỻһЩԭܳĶ
ȹС۷⣬֪ԼһҸҪˣһͿ׬ô࣬ôණǻ׬ˡ
Сڵһɽ
ʳ£ѿˣ


57 ϻ
С̯ӣﲻһһ˶飬ܶ˶֪ͣɫС̯
ţζܲɫǮֲߣСˡ
Թ֮󣬿˻϶⣬׷׸ƵԴˣͣˬ
𱬵ĳŹһСʱҺ󣬾ͽˣֻΪ˵һ䡪
Ĳùˣ
仰֮ЩŶӵĿ˾ʧɢȥΪǶ֪̯ӺأÿõĲ϶һʱ࣬ʱ٣̯
ԭ򣬵ȻΪʱһʱһ㣬ͻ׼һ²ϣʵҪʱ䣬β֮ǰҲҪӹģԾҪʱȥ׼ʱûʱȥŪ
ʰʰų׼ȥòûмŮһֱ
㣬վסһҪСе
ǲǻȥ𣿡㿴˿С꣬ߵˣƽʱһ궫ߵСҲڣе֡
е㣬Ծ˵㡣С˵ʵҲ˵飬ڰ̯ʱȫҪ£ֻõȥ
ڰˣΪ˵С꣬һȻҪһȥˡ
һ֪ҵЩɫСԣܲóһԲԣʵ
ţЩʳ䷽ңһǵʳΪȫ½ǿġСæͷ
û⣬㡣Ҳûзԣ̰ҪףҪһһԣЩʳҪһһƳ
ˣСֲɵϣЩ黹õ̡СЦŻصҵܻǺǿģЩðյ飬бҪȥðա
ǾͺãȥƻɡҲ˵顣
˻˵СǮȫȫץܳԿʵȻСĺԼдǱʶĽչвҵȫһһ룬Ժչʲô̶ȶãһҵ۹ҲС˵ģСһ˵ġ
ߣ£ֻҪ䷽Ȼʲô¶ӸС꣬˵һ㣬СһΪ򹤵ģԼӦ˵ġ¡
ϣȲ£ܴѴ׬Ǯ飬ǰڰҿһ㣬Σ˭Ըġ
ʵ˵ĺԼǩ֮£ʹСһΪĺϻ˼Ȼһ˺ѷ֣ڣֱСŷԼϵˣΪεĺϻۻƴ׬Ǯ
ֻǸʱѾνˣҲѾһϰߣҲϲ⣬Ҳ
ҲҲܶ࣬ⶼԺ飬ǻһԼ飬һΪԼΪһΪ¡
Сżƻʱ򣬷ƶ˵㣬ĲȥǧѰݳʵϣȥ
ȥص
ƶϲʵģ
šͷ
ʱ¶Ȳ廰ΪʲôһʼӦȥΪʲôһҪǧѰѹһ£Ըȥ
üѹʲôȥȥʲôϵУȥΪȥݳ
ʲôΪ˿ݳʲôѵ̯¶ȿ㣬ŵĳӡ
ȷ㣬ڴҽȥʱſ㶫鷢˱仯ֻܴǸͷ
ȥ̯ʲô˺յͷأ
¶Ⱥܺ棬ƶС궼ܺ棬֪ʲôΨһ֪ľһҧʳС㡣
ͻȻӵӶҪȥæݳأԷݳʱֻҡʱ΢üͷȻ˵֪ķ˭ʮ˵УָһҪȥֻһϰӶֳӦûҵ²ŶԣеΡ
Ȼ֪ΣôӦʵ
Ц񱨳ʮңһϣӦ˵СʱվƣҲʲôͿõʮң޷ܾ
⣬ҲǹˣȻӶǹһԷĿģԼкĻһܾ
֪˭ίȥһֻ֪ȥԲŻİ취¶Ц˵
ĽǧѰҲɡ
ޱеԡ
㵹ûȥ룬ֻҪԼͿԡ


58 ݳ
ҹĻ٣ǵĽǶѾʼеΪ˵ʱ仹һСʱңǺܶ˶Ǻ͹ʼȴ
ⲻò˵żȻǿģ仹ֳ󼶵Ůż
ǵڴЦЦ
ͬѧ㴩·Ǻܺÿ
û˵
ޱǲҪЦˣȻ˾ˡĽǧѰС˵ɲòڻȥȻΪڣһֳһ̨ϣòġ
ˣֻҪ񣬾һߣȻ˲òõӶϰӶޱЦ˵ͬʱصָļ𣬼ϰӶ
Ƕ֮󲻾÷ģ
Ǻ׼ʱĵݳῪʼǰһСʱڰȫԱҪ׼˶Ψ٣ԣ׼ʱ١
ʱŮӻΪ˲û뵽Ȼһ벻ˣܿͰȥ
Ⱦǻ·ΪЩ˶̨ģԾҪͳһװʱ廨ţԻӰ쵽ơ
֮ǰ֪Ӷ׼ˣЩͳһװ
㻻װʱ򣬰ޱĽǧѰ֪һЦȻ쿴
ϵ·̲סЦ
·˭ƵģҾӦúºڿӺɫˮ۾͹ǣǵĴڣڣҸоߡʰ쵵·ﰵҪѿжѿ
ȫͳ̨ϵİ裬ϾйŹֻ֡˶רҵģҲСʱѡ
ӶΪССʲôҲֻ˵˵˵Ը⴩·衣
šŮӳĬˣڿġƷоϾûĲǾ׼һ£ȥװ
ᡭ
һºڿīڳ˵ĸоǺͶˣÿӶװ磬ЩӶжĿ㣬Ȼǲᷴԣǻǲϲװ
ͬʱҲò˵ޱĶȫô˵װһóʵŮӵĹ͡
ʲôԺڵƷοʼͣ˵һμװ硣Ҳ벻Լ˵һ仰ôЧ

ݳʼǰӣ˱ŵԵλãȫм̨ıϣΧһȺӶţЩӶһ͹Ӷġ
ʮӶֻǺʱϣ㿴άֻΧЩӶѾ´࣬ԼЩĺǶģûбҪġ
Ҳ֪췽ôģҪӶ裬ʵЩ˾Ϳˣѵ˵мʲôı
ûж룬ΪݳѾʼ
⣡һյħ𣬹߾һֱ̨ϣһյһյſȴһ̨λá
ȫ򿪵ͬʱ̨ϵĻؿͬʱ棬Űޱһķװ̨
ţĸûаֻ࣬峪
߳ʱ̨һߵĽǧѰѾŸٳڴǰĸʼ
ĽǧѰΪһҪ֣Ϊֶһ۵λãڻûֵࡣ
ڰޱĸĽǧѰĸ£ܿͽֳߣ˶ܼȴûгΪǲԸȥƻ
ţò˵ޱĽǧѰĸҲǱǲԶһͬʱԼ
ڴݳʼˣһжǺĽУ󲿷ֵĸԷ˿ǺܿԼûгֻҵһСַĸķоΧӶˡ
ޱĽǧѰڵ鲻ܳʲôԭĳûϸͬѧǵΪվһԼ֡
ޱΪԼʤˣĽǧѰԼĸ١
ʵǿվ˯ʱǾԲ˲ΪҪǻƽʱѾ˯ˡ
ĿǿԵģڴīû˻֪ҲҪ۾޷أʵö۾Ҫǿһ㡣
׻˵۹·˷Ǳ۾Ҫǿĸ𣿣
ݳеβʱ򣬿ʼĸ֮߳ʱ㻹Ϊ񣬿Իȥ˯ʱͻ¼ˡ
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59 ɱ
ΪʲôͻȻۣͻȻ̨Ϊеɱ
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ʲôΪʲôͻȻϮޱܶʶ˶ܲסЩʶˣֻǸ̿͡
ͬǻûüУַһ¡
һ֧֧ײڱϣڵϡ
ҷְޱǱסǱһǽں棬ֻǽ밬ޱľܽܽһ
ϵħһҪ˵ģԱˣǴҶ֪ģʹõȴٺ٣һǹ͵ħá
ʱǲŷһľ
⹥ģǻüʱѾ˸Ǵ𰸡
С棡
̧ͷȥֻ̨ϷһӰӰҹĻ֮УϸĻĻͷֲˡ
˵ͬʱŰޱȥ׼ߣӶȥʱѾʼ£ҽǱޱԲ¡
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΢üͷٽڿлһȦһԲαܳǰסͬʱһƻ֮ϣɢſзȥ
齫ϷĺӰңǽм˵Ļƣ˿ʼ䡣
ɱȫŵԼĻֱ׼沫ɱֻ࣬ʮ˶ѡ
⻹࣬һĴɱѾˣƫһ㡣
ûйЩΨһĿľǿޱߣЩ̿Ͳû֮䣬׵ľͿޱ
ιŮˣû°ɡ㵲ڰޱǰ棬ͷҲصһ䡣
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ʲôԺ˵ˣðְšܲشϰޱˣΪѾмӶ
㲻֪ԼڵĶԻڴ˵ĶΪոհޱڳ裬ڡ
ȻΪޱİȫ룬Ļʵ̫ˣԷ˿һһһˮ㡣ȻҪԺʱڵ˻ע⵽
Сһ㡣ޱܲĵĺˣ˵ӶıȦ
ɱȫɱˣ̿Ǻ߳ŭʼ㡣
ҲΪ˰ޱ·ڰޱ˵ӶߵʱҲʼˣɲôһ˶Ըʮˡ

ȻˣϾǰ棬Ժܿͱ̿׷ϣʼ̱ӡ
֣һ֣иֳ֡ʮ˶ĸ֣Լһ˶ԸĻӣ㲻ԥ
ǣ첢һˣǱȶԷˣҪ˵ЩϹӶھѾӶС
ڲһʮһһҺܿͻʮһ
̳һǰ˵࣬ΪһԷӦû㣬ֵеǣ˾Ȼֱһ㣬һͬھӡ
ĵƷǳĿ죬רѵ˴̽Ҳһ֮ܿǰ̽ࡣ
ǰˣŸ̿ͶһƾҲҪɱԷЩʿĻѾ֪Ҫƴ
Ǿˣ㻹һ̿͵࣬Ϯĵֻȥ
ҪޱһôܵסҵһҪ˵һһ֣ͨˣҲǺѵֵ
һ³Ǿֱϣ塣

飬һ߾ʬԸ̬ڵϣЩʬ嶼Ӷǵʬ壬һӶʵʵȽϲ֣Ǹ͵ֵסЩҪĴ̿͵Ĺ
Щ̿ȻˣȴڶʱɱԼϰҲҪĽ
Ψһ⣬ԾǴ̿ͣıһѽ̴Ѿ͸ˣ˫л¶֮⣬֮ǰһ̣Ͳʵ
ޱһסԼ죬۶ǰдӯӯ⡭


60 ҹʿ
֣ȱ
Ǵ֮̿ǰȵԭһϣȻ죬ͺʯͷһڱѡ
ھȵͬʱҲᣬĽһҲû˶ͣ٣̽ؿڣ࣬͸ض
ֻһ˿ǰޱ˱Щ̿Ӷסߣ̿ԼսУҲûע⵽
˶ǿһ£һ̴Ǵ̿͵ࡣ
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ʣµľŸ̿ͽΧм䣬ɱڣ
Ѹٰγ֮Ȼ侲ؿǰ棬оһŹ֣Щ˵ɱҪȸոջҪǿһ㡣
֣˵ɱǸ֮̿飬Ҳ˵ùȥͬʱ˵Щ̿ͲǺרҵĿ֮ǰȻɱһ˻ҪһЩ
ûɱ֮ǰ͸оǶԼǿҵɱЩףҲ룬ڵĻ顣
֮ԶɱôУΪļһּ壬ʿԸϢĸооҲһСͽɱѵΪĳͻȻϮԻΪӦ
վûڽ߶ԶɱĸоûЩСḻĽˣǶܸоɱǴģǶ˭ġ
ȴֻܸоԼɱǴģ˵ľ͸оֻ֪ɱ֪ɱðģҲ֪ǳ˭
ܸоɱǿҳ̶ȣ
ʵѾǺ˾ò˼飬ܸӦɱĲǾ֣ڵѪɱ֣ȼĽʿԲܳ
ҲΪϵɱƻʧܣһһ©
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ʱ䣬Ҳû취һ˺;ŸĸֻƴʿµģһͿ鷳ŸпҪ
ֻҪЩӶԼͰȫˣֻӣЩ˾ͻϵ
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һ꣬ʵҶΪһ˵Ÿ֣ʤеһѾˡ
ڲǾֻҪͦӣϿԵþȣԴΪӦǾȻܲŶԣվԭһġ
УУԽԽûж
Ҫޱе
ޱĽͻȻо֡

е˶һ˼飬Щʱ򣬾ȻһҲ̲ȥһ˵
ͺ壬Ǹɵһ
ĿɿڴЩ̿ҲеɣԼǲεʱ㶯ˣһԾ΢΢أ忪ʼת



ҽھһתݣһǴ̵ݣΧĴ̿ȫˣּң
̾Ľһ˱ħΪ˸ӳȣȻ˵Щ̿͡
ҲΪЩ̿ͲŻᱻ㿳ڵأǿԣȥǵ뷨ĽûôĹΧ
ȴ֪ողʱ򣬾ѾԼĽӳȣı
һжļƲߣ֪ӭУǾԲʤֻп벻飬һ
Ҫһ㣬ڻŸط˵˻ԣǷȴĺֲܿ˵ǵǹ롣
Ҳ޷̴ϵʯͷƬʯͷȻǱشܶȻҲ̵ĳ̶ȿ֪
ոֵסһȱҲ⸺װ
ֵĳ֣˶ͣþò˵
ÿᣬ˧
ֳ󲿷ֵ˾Ȼ뷨ûиоڼΣգֻ֪һĺºڷīӶ˰ޱһнˡ
Ͼ󲿷ֵ˶ǲ似ĸԣô֪ոʵǴھԵ·磬ƾǹ壬ô̿𾪣ٻӶҵὫնɱ
ҲΪһսޱĸݣһΪޱʿһԸ뷨
ãʱͼϾ룬˭˭ֻмƾжϳԺȻҶ֪иޱӶȴ֪˭
֪֪ݣһҹ֮½Ͷһţҹʿ
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61 
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ͱ뽫ǴΣȻһɱĸо˽⣬һ̿ʧ֮󣬶ɱ
Ȼ˵ģڻǵһ̿ͣǾûģǲǻ
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߹ͺ׵õһЩҪ֪飬һЩȴ޷õΪ̿Ҳ֪
ǣ̿Ǹոյ飬˯ȥſʼ̿ͽдʻ֪ĶҲһûжֱ
δߵͬʱеĺֳˣһͫĴҺû˿ȻΪǹ̥
յ飬ȷδɱı˭ĿԼĽǧѰ
ıǱˣǱɱıȶĸף޸̩ա
ҲܲõҪͬʱҪԼĽǧѰҲֻ޸࣬ɱԭزö˵ʲôɱĽǧѰΪΪ
ȷΪЩ̿޸ʿִֻ֪޸񣬲ĶԴΣա
ҲΪ֪Ķ٣ֻ֪Ŀ꣬㲻֪μƻľ飬Ҳ֪޸εһϡ
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һҪȥ˽⣬ǵ˭ָһεĴɱжй
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ھĿǣȴݳ


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ѯʰޱ˭ԼĽǧѰ밬ޱͬʱŶԷȻͬʱʶԷ
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ῴ㣬Ĭһ󣬻صõģԶ˵ĵط
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ͬʱҲ֪ԷҪָ֣֣Ϊ֪밬ޱûȡΪֺðޱص֡
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64 ɱ
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˵ޱһЩ˵Ԥ֮Уǽͳ˵⼸ڶԱӵ˹ɱ
֪˹һصĹᣬǲɱֹǻṫɱ˵⣬ɱ˶Ÿһ棬ǻº󹫲ɱֹ᲻ֻɱǮһŲܡ
ܶʿ߱ĵ˶ȥ˹ṫǷʵÿһζ޹ֻǸ˹ӿŶȡ
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ʴɱɹΣϻȻûʲôֻܽţ˭ֱɹΪֹ
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Ҫ˵֪ͨķʽҲֺ֣ܶе֪ͨĿҪɱ㣬û˵ʱ䣬еľʲôʱڵģǿһľǰѾʱ䶩á
ţľ֣ǵʱ˵ãһɱȻɹﳤȥȻ˺٣ΪҪǿʵ
ɱûôǿֻ˵˻ȡǵǲҪǣεȴܶ࣬һʮһͬʱ˵ҪڣҲ˵ÿ춼Ҫɱĸſԡ
ˣȻεʽǿܼĴɱȴ˾ȡ
ҪɱʮһԱʮһԱȻԴУΧǿķô˵ҲǸ߹٣һҲ˹ɱˣҲرء
һҲֻǷסºҲپⲻĴҲһʥ۹Ҳһ
Ϊ˭Ҳҵ˹ᣬȻʥ۹ĻʵۣҲҪ˹ֹĴɱµǣ˹ڶ࣬˭Ҳұ֤ǵĴɱ»ڰмҲһ
Ƿ˹᲻˵ʲôΪѶȣܲҪı£˴ɱͱʾ˹
˳ʧҲһΣһ˼´Ҳɱ֣˹ء
Ϊ࣬ͬһʱ䣬ЩĿһȽҲȽʵõİ취ǴҾһȹ죬еһʤʹ˺ü
ڳһԺУ⴦ԺشտκҪҪյأԴ̿ҪĻûͻᱻ֡
Ĵɱжһ¶͵ʧܡ
ںܶ˶ڹע£֪˹ж˽񣬸ڴ˫ĶԾ֪ʤ˭
עµģ࣬ΪʮһԱˣһĸģһɱԼڳеٵ롣
ܶ˶ԴҶڲ²ε¼Ϊ˶Ը࣬뽫ݰε˭ľͲö֪ˣٳʵ̫ˣ˭пܡ
޸Ҳڲ뵽˭ԸԼѾûʱȥ飬Ǽʧܾʧˣ²ǰҪ顣
ûԸΪΪȻıȡͬʱΪҲ벻ͨΪʲôҪԸˣӦöԸŶԡ
룬ȻܻΪʲôͲԣ
Щİţ֪飬ҵЩܹԱȺĿǵ˹ᷢ񣬵ȻûǿĿ
ЩҲϸѡģֱȽǮģܳﵽǧҡҪΪʲôǮ˻ΪǮǹԱϲѹĶΪõ
ǰЩûȥ˹ᣬΪ±֪˹ίǾԱܵģӶȫͬ
ӵӶ֪Ҳֻ֪֪ǼСһˣ֪ĽЩʱ򷢲ֻһЩˣŸԵı֣˹ᡣ
ĵ˹᲻ͨɣϾֻǽǮϵĹϸ𣬻ûеЩԱĵزβͬˣǺܶϣܶԱУɾԹˡ
ҪΪʲô鷳Ҫȥ˹ᣬΪʲôֱɱֹ᣿ֻһɱֹ̫ˣĸ߹٣ÿҪǧңڵʮһŲǧҡ
ҲԿ˹أ˵ΪҲԡ
Ƕȥ˹ᷢԵ񣬵ȻǲʶÿһĿ꣬ܿ˹ͨɣ񣬱˽񣬲һͬһˣǾ㡣
ͬ飬ҲһԱܡ

ѧԺ
ʦ𣿡ĽǧѰ󣬻صѧԺϰԵʰ
ԣ˵ҪȥУ˵Լʵ̫Ϊˣʵ㡣ص֮󣬾ϵļ١
˵ϣ˵ֻ¡



65 ǿһ
ฮ޸׼С
ˣҪȥȥܻΣյģε˳ġ޸ӳ˵
ǵˣҪȥǡ޸صȥˣ˹ᵽڻûж֣첻ɱʮһԱǾͱʾǷˣûͻж
һԼбҪȥȻԺֻ˭¡
ˣ̫Σˣǻ֪ҽһ죬ǵȹ˽˵ɡӳ
Ϊһ죬ҲҪȥ˵εĿ겻ңΣգʲôΣգڡˣ׼޸ҡֵ
ǣӳҲ˵ʲôȥ׼
ͣฮĴǰ޸ӳͬ£߳ţȻ̤֮ʱ
ಣһ߰Ӱһ޸塭
ţ޸оԼؿһ˼ԼؿڣоʪʪģͷȥʺѪ
󿴵ɫȫǺɫҲ֪׷ʲô£ûʶԶûѹ
ΪѾˣ
һ̣ôһ£뵽ʲôɱԼ˭ɱԼԼһ̻֪
һȨ㳯Ұˣ׵ȥ˸еܷ̣ȴһʵ˵һֻһѰ׹ǡ
޸ȥʱ򸽽˲ŷӦ
д̿ͣˡʱӳ֪޸ôΧס޸ֱ޸ʱסˣʵ
޸ؿڳһ˷Ѫǰһֱ󱳣λλãһ
ҲǸոӰӣʵһ֧ǶףΪ֧ھڲԶĵϡ
ŵʵ޸񱻹ɱֵ֧̫˼ˣΪĵ׷ΧڣǵˣԲд̿ͳ֡
Ҳ˵ĵطù޸ɱһһɱ˭ӵĹɣ벻ҲףѾǺܲ˼ˡ
ף䵽ﶼѣôһɱɱʹ÷ϵħǸոûһѵ˭˸е־Ĺ
ֻȥ룬ȥµҲԸȥܽ˾硣
ûʱȥϸЩֻ̽ȥһ쿴Ϊ޸˵ĽǶȣйصλãһǴ̿ڵλá
Ҳͽ͵ģ޹̿һͰź·ȥ
Ȼʲô˶ûУһҲ
ӳͻȻ֣֧رļ֧һ㲻ͬû֧ͨӦмͷ
ⲻܣ˿ôûмͷļ֧ɵģԲܣ޸˿һԲΣҴڼ֧ܶԲΡ
⵽ôһ£ԽԽ˼飬ҲԽԽࡣ
һУֻһ֪һҲеڶ֪ɣҲһ֪ʵ
ȻǸ̿ͣ̿ͲǱˣ㡣
ǽЩԱôɱ޸ӦȥɱЩˣԺɱ޸
⣬һ˵˭ǣһɱЩˣɱࣿҿɴû˵
һʼļƻȡ޸ЩԱֻһӣǴҪģһΪ޸˵֮ġ
޸ͻȻҲЩ˻ŹɱЩɣҪģ£ʡȥҪ鷳
ЩԱһسǣΪ޸ˣǾͱǻΪδ̿͵жΪ˶Ը޸񣬲ǣỳԼõɱǲ˹ġ
ӿʼڣûκεĶڳڵ޸񱻴ɱˣ˲òɱʵԡ
˹᣿ǾԲܵõ𰸡
޸ɱϢܿʹǣоһƬ˭Ҳû뵽ȱɱĻ޸
ڿʼճţκ˳룬ֱΪֹ
Ѿϵдһ٣ɱ޸֮󣬾뿪УȻڳڳʵǲһ˷־ˡ
ôɱ޸ʵҲܼ򵥣޷ǾϼȴǾǿһе
Ҳ˵ڶʱ񡱵һ
Ĵɱ뷨Ҳԭ磬ִѻֵɱ˷ʽһȻȲѻǹҲ˶Զˡ
ΪʲôûмͷΪ㲻֪ܡ


66 Ĵ
һСʱϢĴԺʮһλԱԶͬҪȥ£ˡ
౻̣ǲòأ˵ҶѾ²£ԼЩֻǴҪĿֻ꣬Ǹӡ
ʮһԱֻǷɢߵˣӶߵ˲Ż٣кܶ඼ɵǵߣǡ
˵ˣ˵Уܶ඼һɵˣյϢ̾ͻϻأҲ˵ǲȥҲԼ٣ǻһȥ
ȿԱֳԼĸ߷ڣҲܵıֶΪء
ȷǵȷǴҪģȷɱɱǶνȻǺܸɱҲûʲô壬ǻ˶Ըġ
޸ôˣµȨܶᣬὫ˻ʱǾ׶Էˡ
ǣɱкôġ
ǧңı꣬ϺѡУȻһ˾ӣǴӦµ飬һ
һŵǧϰ֮˱ġҵļѵҲСԸ
Ϊ״Ӧʲô£Ҳȥ飬Ϊһ֣һֵףжô⡣
ԣϣڴϣ㶼ε
һʼͲżɱЩԱΪ֪ô׼һ޸ǾͻŴң©
ǿʼ뿪ǼҴԺ뿪Ļ㻹еͷʹ뿪ˣá
ȻǼҴԺشտ׷ס͵ϮͬҲһëǺױ˼䶯һʼ׼뿪֪
һǴԺȥ·ȴ·ҲΨһ·ǵӪ˴벻֪·ѡ
·УһƱȽϵͣôҾô˴ĵطȾѾΣȻƵͣȴЩӣС𣬻ȻļԸɿˮҵѡ
Ȼ󲿶ӣһȴǴ´࣬Ǿѵķص㡣
ֻˣͻô˵ķȡʮһ˵ûУĿǰ˵û
ңһ֣Χͺѡ
ԣܽȥҲֻɱ޸һķԶַֻ̹һΣһι󣬾޷ڶΡ
εľȸոǴζףĵطΪʵľ룬ᱻ˷֣ºҲ˳ѡ
ľ룬ҲڳԶľ룬Ѿǿˡ
Ҫɱȫͱñİ취취ǡ
ʮһԱֱÿһ϶бʿţϻıʿ˵Ľ䱣š
ˣľӣ;֪һȺѵصĽʿһٶȫǰͬʱԵľҲһ£
ѵķ͵ķʽУҲɳ̽·ǰһԵף̽
ﰵһ䣬Ȼרҵʿ
õľһ㣡
ԤĵصʱͻȻһȴ֣û򳵶еκһڶǰ·ϡ
䣡һ죬·汬ըˣΪļըļϣһСͲҩȼը
ⱬըȴеǿ⣬ɱ˷Χֻһף㹻ˣΪ㲻ɱˣҪöͣ
ԭؽ䱸ЩĹ١ӵòһԱ佫ֱЩ߹ΪĹ١
ǣڽʿӦͣСĽ䱸š
ţͿʼ̽Դ
ȷѵأȴˣҼȻôû׼ٴϼķм䣬мĵ棬ͬҲǰŻҩ
ҪˣҩķһҲһҲû취飬ĿǰҪҩҪˣụ̂һ֧ܰٴĶ
̫׼ͷƫôĵطʮڵĶѡ
ǣҲҪģ֮ǰ׼·һЩ
䣡
䣡

ż֧ĻҩըĻнӶ죬ҪĶ࣬Ҳܶ࣡
ըλã棬˶ըƬ
һʼѾڹ̶ĵصϻҩõľǵѵأǾϮҲᱣͬľ룬ͬͣƫС
һֹͣǰͣڻҩ֮ϡ
κһ£Ǻ»ǻ£ֻҪϰߣпܱá
ɹ
ݣ
̸õļƻ룬ЩֻĿɿڴĿһС
һγϵ˱ըϵֻܵˣȻҲˣȴûΣգǾ˾ֵĴɱ
׼ȷļ㣬û˼޹ǿĹܣĵطҲû֪˭жˡ
һж˾Ⱥ£˺µǻҩĳ֣ûеģһ㶼ħʯΪСըҲħʯģȻ󣬵ǳɱߣһ
ҩȴûЩëҲԱúǿ󣬲ȴ޷õΪ㲻Ὣ䷽ó
ô֪ҩܼ򵥣ҩйĴΪй˻в֪ĵοѧʦҲ̡
һľ̿仰˾֪


67 Ե
ˣ䶯ˣ½ˣһδɱжǹ̻ǽ˵ϣ˸Ӳҵ˹ᡣ
º˹ṫʮһԱУȴû˵޸飬ôף޸ı˹޹ء
֪˻Ϊ˹ɱɱ޸񣬴ҶΪ޸ĳһУһЩҪΪ
֪ȴ֪ɱ޸ʵɱЩԱ˺ܿһģͬһˣΪм䶼Ҫǲ˼ļ޸ףƥ⣬û˿ġ
ͬһ˵Ļɱ޸Ϊʲôѵ޸ΪӣЩԱ壿
һôҾеתΪԸЩԱΪ˶Ը޸񣬵޸ȴΪԸЩԱӣΪɥʵе̡
۴ô²⣬²ʵĿľ޸񡭡
ڴ˵̸࣬ĲǴ˴δɱĿģҲ˭Ҫǵ̸˵˭˾춯ص飬һλϵĸ߽ˡ
ûл֪Ϊ˹ƶȣԶ޷֪˭Լ
ɴô룬Ҳ벻ʵǵһִģһ񼶵ˣ˿ֲġ
˹Ӷ᲻ͬûеȼƵģÿ˶Խκε񣬲ͬʱִĴ
ܽԭ򣬺ܼ򵥣ûӦ˵ûڶʱҲʱ
ûͲˣʱԼ飬ǾҪ˹ĳͷ߳¼ã׷ɱ㵽ĺǡ
мռо޴͵ĻҩҲһҹעĻ⣬˭Ҳ֪ⶫʲôҲ֪ҩʵֻӵƷѣִģҲΪоûգо̻񣬲û
ȻмҲŪαըҺɭУûֵֻ֪ģû뵽ξȻó
һεĴɱĺ䶯Ч⣬һķչĽƴ޸񣬴һ飬һʼΪߵλá
һж޹أѾһУʼȫĵͶ뵽УΪμĳɹ֣ҲΪηֵĲ㣬ֻɱһΡ
ڼӴıҪеǿҪǰþȫſԡ
ͬʱʼԼĴȻ֪ʲôԭɣҲ֪ʲôԭȴ֪Լڿȫ˫۴ߣֻҪоͿԣʱĳ̣ҪԷ־
ֻиë۾ԣϹӣǸֻİ취ˡ
УǴߵʱͫɺɫһ벻ͨʹþҲӦûᵼͫıɫ
벻ͨʵ벻ֻͨ÷ˣܿͽԺ󣬲ȥ롣ϾԺʹּܣǰᡣ
ӵļܣ͵һߣһһ˿ԷߣΪԺκεˣ㲻ܺЩǿ͵ˣҲԽ˶Ը
ļܽ˺£ЩѾߵˣһ뾡취㣬ΪѾһвΣյĴڣִڣǶ취Ĩɱ
ʱȥ˰꣬󲿷ֵʱ䶼ںɭֵмֻȥһΣʱΪ£еʱ䵱Ȼں¾
ѧԺõ֪ʶѾѧĲˣҲͲûȥǰȥֻΪͼ飬оǵ
ӶʵǿĵòҲ˵һĥһ֡
һѧĽѧ֮£ƶʵʼͻͽòĳ˵Ĵ̼
С껹һ⣬ΪΣȫȫĴҪŬ£ʳѾʼ鲼ǣѾʼܱߵĳзչ
ĽǧѰһѧϰ似ʱһ¸٣ʱһ㣬һ飬ĵܵܣֺܴĸ飬ûĲκϡ
оǰޱܲˬл㣬ôҲҲˣҶ˵ˣȴ֪ʲôطֻ÷ˣ˼صĹҡ
һ˺㣬ԣӦ˵ʳǸ˽СŮЩȻȥʳȥԶȻЩı㾫£ҲĺóԣϲЩַζصСԡ
ЩҲģǼ¹ȥ֮Ѿٱ̸ڴֿʼ̸µ顣
죬׼سǣ׼Ҫȥ񣬵ȴڳҪЩ;
ôˣʵ۵Ҳˣʱóȥ顣
Ҳеһ֣뷨
ǣƫƫʱȴһ飬һŮ˿ʼʽ磬һпʼǴŮ˴ĺ¾Ӷ𡭡


68 ѩ򡤼Ӱ
˭
ңҽѩѩ򡤼ӰС
ĺ¾ͻȻһŮˣһɫŮŮòģ˫ɫ۾ʯһ㣬ˡ
ŮĺܻæʲôµĶ׷ϣʱȣһϲá
˵ʲôʱȴʻֹס
ûע⵽ŮЩ΢ĶΪоŮԼ鷳ܴ鷳
üͷ˵֪ʲô
ŮΪԼ˵֣Լ˭ԼˣȫûзӦֻһͨ֡
ʱҲٶ룬˵ڱ׷ɱܲܰңҿԸ㡭
ѩ㲻ҪˣԹԵĳǺúһ£Ȼȥ顣һ;˺Ľ
ѩѩ򡤼ӰУǸʥ۹ˣħѧԺУһ½۹Ĺѧݹˡ
ĹǰҪ࣬Ϊʥ۹ʵ̫СˣͬһΣԾʥ۹һͨĹҲҪĹݻҪø߹
οѩһĹʷӰмˣͬʱҲǴ½ϵĵһŮ˿ɱȣõۺϲ
ܵϲǹ廹ƽ񣬶ϲ
ֻǲ֪Ϊʲôûʥ۹ʥѧԺܵѧԺ˵ѧԺҲǴ½ǰʮѧԺʥѧԺȴһֱеһҪѧԺһ㡣
Щ޹أҲֻ֪ȷǰŮǲѩ
ǵģҾǡŮش
뿪Ҫ˵ңҲҪ˵ˡ̻ص
Ů㣬û˵Ϊ֪˵ʲôźá
һʼԼεƭܣҴЩƱ˿е֪ЩҪɱԼȴΪɫԶԼַ
ҲΪŵ֮ǰҵѣһħʦôЩ˵׷׼ɱԱס֮ʱĺ¾ӳǰҵһһ㣬˺¾ӡ
һͿԼ䱸Լ˭ʶĻشΪʱѾˣȺ£˷ܡ
µǺЩˣ˷ܵҵϣ֪ʵܾԼҲ˵Ȼϣеã
֪ʵ˵ʶ㣬һü죬ֻ㲻֪ѡ
ǵǸ밬ޱһŮǸñӴ۾첻˵ŮǸһ˼ǵŮѩ򡤼ӰУʥ۹ĹҲǰŮ
ѩڵ鲻֪ôݣ֮ǰ˵ĹȥԼòǰԴһҪԼȥ
ѵ֪
ȥȻǽͻ۵ҡѩû˵һѡ
ǲ֪׷ɱѩ򣬵ֲʶѩΪʲôҪ鷳ھ˲֪ˣѩȥ
һҿɭеĺ¾ӣΪԻľȻ˾ԴһĽĳɹ
Ҹ㱨꣬һǧңѩʼýҹƣ˽⣬ҲֻнҲſæϾǺ˽㡣
ҾܾϲǮǲΪǮҪǮҲҪѾоʮ֮࣬м䲻֣ԼǶԸɣֻĸݣһ
ҲǣжɸǾˡˣһ£̫͹ѩ½һŮǶ˵롣
οһɹַѩҲӰ쵽ȻûֵĻ
㣬ãҳȥѩͻȻƽȻ΢΢һЦ
ЦôоΣյĳɷ֣ѵŮҪ
˭ɱңͽѵǻһ޸֮ħʦ𣿡ѩˣ˵
иѼϼܣӲǰɡ
Ůˣܺãڸ취Ըǡ˵ϷĺŹȴ
ûٶ˵ʲôΪڵѾûתأʣҪɱ֪
ײ棬Ǿֻѡһ㱻ɱڣߣӴģɱǣͬҲڡ


69 
ѩ˿侲κε飬̫ƽãѾˡ
֪ҲԣҲð㳶ǲҸô죿
ѩ˵仰ȴסˣΪ֪㲻ʱ򣬶Ҳٶʲô
ǰȻҪץ㲻ˣٸ߹ΣٶΣ˾ʱֳܻŮӵһ
ʱֵþѵĻｫһĥӡռкҪλá
˴˵Ǻ¾ͲýֱӻСݣǽĿĲʹﵽ𡣡
㰵޵£ԽǻСݣǾԽỳѩ
㲻֪֪ĻͿ԰ٷְٿ϶˲ٵΪǻһ׷󣬳½һŮζ
Ȼһ𣺡ѩȻǼƷӣ棬ƷҲɹֻҪԺһһ͵á
Сӣˡٵĺ¾Ʒӣмʣ¾ӿǻѪƾͻᱻһе㲻ˬˣϴ˵͸ˬ
С裬²ҪҲҪС˵СڷϵС迴˿㣬Ķһߡ
㿴ѩʵûѩΪκ˵ҲһҺпܻһ㡣
ǰ˵ģֻҪžͿԡ
УҲûбҪѩ˵ֻһɵˣŲΪһɵԼҲһ󣬴ҾͲټ棡
ʹ棬Ҳֻİ˶ѣ㲻Ϊһʥ۹ĹԼоͬʱҲ֮о
Ⲣ˵ûи飬ʣһɵˣʲô飿Щαĸ飬㲻мҪҲ
Ҳ˻±ֳӢţܲȥλԼɵĹȴᣬ˳ȥкܴ¡
㲻ΪһɵȥҲϣһɵ˽ϵľ磬ոѩ뿪
ǣһϽȥͲԹ˭ϽزѡԣȽ˵ΪԹĸ飬޲飬ת
˵ףһʵڵˣڳԼܱʲô۹⿴ԼǱӣӵȵȣνȻء
˵ҡ

ãѩ򶼲ȴ
ѩôػˣѵѾ׼ӭ𣿹̫ˣü㡣ûѩٴ˵
ѩûг̧ͷ㣬ڿԼ΢΢һЦ
ѩûУҪˡʼеżˣΪΪе㲻Ծѵ˵Ѿܵ
ʱ򣬲ЧҪ˵ǧپЧҪã
ЩѩĻش֮󣬿ʼѩﲢһɺϣһܵѩѾܵ
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ֻҪɭ֣Ǿͱô׽ӽ㣬һѩҲܵĿ죬ΪϤ
֣ܽľʼԽԽܣܿͿԽסƣ˦ˡ
ܣʱſѩ֣ǰܣԼϼ
ѩǰţոֵʱͻȻеͷһһǰûеĸоĻң֪ôȥݣоҪǰľơ
Ҳǰδ֣߽Ҳ٣ָ֪оʲô
ָоֻάһᣬΪǰټƴоѹȥѹȥ
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һһ˱ͬһ֧壬ǵһ̣֪һ£ԭǿġ
תͷһͷһ㣬ͷܣ¼ֻļתġ


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ȻˣǻӦɢеڶλ
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׵óǴɱ޸ˣ˿ֲļӵеֻһˣٶһˣǶš
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ʵǲסעҲѷ壬ΪļɺܾɣϿ壬Ǹи֣Ҫϸ۲죬ڵĻҲ壬Ĺ߲ǿ
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ʮ߸ˣһ֧ν
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ȻǰЩ˲ӣһɢ
ǣڲһˣһħʦȻһԵģ֪Ѿൽˣһ·ܹܼѾһ⡣
Ҫ㽫ѩһ£棬ڰȫĵطͬʱҲȽΡ
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ѩȴûжģʱ˵ʲôʲôٷְٵȥ㣬ԹԵĶ档
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ҪľҪЩ׷ȥڸôأܼ򵥡
ιЩǲǺɱǾͷɡֱǵǰ֣Ȼתѩܡ


73 Σеһ
ɭֵһС˷Ļһᾪ棬쳣ɭȻһ
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Ҳǳ˵ģľɫЩЩյĵطΪûƻ
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ô˵ǺɭֵǺΣյģкܶŶ


74 ڰµĳ
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ֻ̫ˣһ꺢ͯĴС
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ĶȴҲûжղع걾ǾԲ˵ıԣϲһЩĶռΪС
ΪʲôûУɺܼ򵥣Σգ
ҲҪǵԻĶǺΣյģϾеٮٮߡ
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ﵽʱ䣬ϾԿֲǵʵϵĲ㣬Ͼһּܷβ룬ͬھһֱβһҲܣοôġ
㵱СʱҲΪȴڶмûΪ︽иϾ䳲
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ľŸ׷ûнѵթУ˵죬׵ʵʲô
ͷһɫ̴䡭
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СӣҪɱ㣡ͷѾŭգˣΪʲôԼΪʲôҪˣϷʱ䣬ԭϾɱԼЩˡ

ΪӵΪʲôҪãȻҾɱ㡣һŭΪɱΪϾ䲢ǲǺˣֻҪͬͻṥ
ʱɱңȥԸϾ䣬òϾۺֵǮݡŮˣǲǵ㻹΢ЦûκεĽţһ㶯ҲûУѵЩͬھ
ܣԲɵ¡
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ˣ㲻Ļ͸ңҪʣҪ롣˵һ󣬾ѩС
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ˣϾˮĶǾŸˣ̸ˮУΨǸͷûУѡɭ֡
ӳСȻѡ·Ϊ֪ˮвǱɡ
ˮܴ˶ãһӣӣԱʮӣʮԺȻҪˮǸʱϾȴûȥȻںϵȴֻҪһˮӭͷʹ
οܱʮ
ܣǰ˸׷ֻܱӣ֮ǾͱõʵĿȻͲϾǱ
ѩ͸ˣܱӣʱѾףǰһˮӦǵˮŸˮԴ
ԭ׼ˮֲûЩµϾ䣬ѩͨļƻֻһû룬ȻҲлᱻЩ׷֣ǻһԲ
⣬ܿͻд𰸣
ѩˮúڣͷԼû֮ǰˮɻ󣬿㡭
㿴˿ѩ򣬷ſָָ֣ԼģȻָָˮȻָָѩָָˮָָ档
ѩ򿴶˼ҪԼѡԼԻȥҲԼ
ѩûж룬ΪĻҪ룬ֻƾԼֱжָָ֣ˮ
ѡ㣬һ֪ܲ¹ȥ֪ûгڵˮ
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ѩνˮǰǰ
ǰ˿ʧںףιȥˮ֮󣬾ȿֺĽȥƴǰȥǾüȻȥȻг·
ȷг·ûʮӣβڣڼ䣬ѾûˣǷֵʱѾܻͷˣֻˮ档
ٹӣǾͳˮ
ȻѡһЩôһܵĳڣԼҪˣǻϢϢͿԼְСʱ֮ãǿĻʮӣ·Ҳһߵ·ϴǿˮϾβߡ
ϴֻǱϾ䷢ֻ֣ҪˮͿԱѣˮĵʱ򣬷ˮ֮¿ͨʲôطͱͨ򸽽Ȼˮ
ܳʱ䲻ѩܣô죿ѵһʼͲ
ѩҿ࣬ˮǺĵģԼѾûˣڱúҿ࣬ҿ࣡
㣬㵽ôҪѩ򿴲㣬ʵ̫ˣҪ֣ѾԼܣԼﱻ
ѩԲʼȱѾ˼޵ʱ򣬵ԼҪʱͻȻо㽫ԼߣԼš

ѩеԼ˫ϳһĸоһԼĿУԼܺˣƴš
ʱû飬ֻ֪ԼҪ
ʱһȥʼʲôܿ죬뵽ˣԼ촽뿪ˮУҲܸоԼڷա
Ȼڰ֮УǸ§ԼĽǶȣĸоԵó˫ǿɸԼġ
ҪҲҪҲҵĳڰĵطߣⲻģģѩʼҡͷȥ룬Ҳֻŵطԣڶǲǣûио
Ҳ߳ǣֻǽĵطԼĳǡ


75 Ȼ
ڰˮУֲָĵطź顣
ÿҹһУͿԿһŮһСŮС˱촽
Ůһ㣬Σ
ŮԻо޵ĸоı飬Ǽһ
Ůڴ½ҲųΪһŮ׷˿ŵ˵վɭ֣ѩ򣬶㡣
Ѿһ㡰ǡȻܲһûʱͻᡰסά֡
ܾܾҲΪԼҲΪһԸ⣬Լôų㡰ǡԼΪһεе仯ֱ仯ԼãȴĿУ޷
Ժǽ飬Ҳȴָоӡһ㣡
ιѩѾϰߣȥǡ㣬ֻȻĺ죬ֻ㿴ѡ
ȫûʶԼʲôֻ֪ѩˮºͨˮ£ô⣬ûðŮ֮ǣǶΪ
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ҪǱѩ֪ĻƻҧһڣԼҳһţȴһҲ⡣
ҪǱ׷ѩ֪Ҫ˵ѩ£̬ȣ㹻̣׷ɱ㡣
ˮѩѾ˳ڵλãԽԽڸոճһߵʱ򣬾Ѿ뿪㣬Ӧ˵뿪죬ǸʱոպҪʱ
ˮУؿ㣬ԼǵˣҲ˵꣬Ůһαкǣ֣һαкţһαкǡ

ѩ򸡳ˮ棬˵Լߣһȥ˵꣬Ǳˮȥ
ѩȴûзſ㣬ȻץֲţСеȵȣ
ʲô𣿡ͷʵ
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Ҳָѩеż˵еԺ˵ոˮңҵһαкǣҵĳǣ᲻Ḻ𣿡
ᣡֱӵػص
㡭ѩе㲻ˣԼίӦǺ飬ԼȴʧȥˣԼкԴԼ
ܳԿĻǻȥҲġ޳ܵػص

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ԼôˣΪʲôǹŮˣΪʲô⻰֮󣬻еһѹʧȥʲôĶ
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ˮڴڵĺոؼСʱˣѾ˼ˣҪ泩
ܿ죬ͣסˣˬˣΪһˣһոҪҵˡ
ү˰Ѿ˺ܾã˲Ǳˣͷ󺺣ھںӰϣŽѩѩ׵Ĳϣû뵽һξȻᱻһСӸأ潻涼ûоʮɱֻһˡ
˵ˣзǳ˵ڰ߷ѩǸʱо֮ھԼȻôˣ֮һײϡ
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ͷ󺺴һ£Уǲ벻˼飡
ѩȴȻĵȻҾ֪𰸡


76 
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һеĽһŮĲϣԶһȴڰŪʬ壬ȫһߵĴŮ
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ôķϻ㻹һӣУɱ֮ҾͻҪ㲻ҪᣬҲΪ𣬶ǽ쿴ҵˣ뿪
㲢װװںѩĲںãԼѩҲ֪Ҫ鷳һ˰ֶΪ
˵ˣѩȫ֪飬ҲΪҪЮ
㡭㵽һʲôˣͷ󺺶ܲ⣬벻ͨһʲôˣΪʲô䣬һͬ飨𣿣һŮ
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ʰһ£Ļʬ𼣡
߸꣬ҪҪˣɭлˣк¾Ӹģ㻹Ҫʬ𼣵顣
صɭУЩʬѾˣⶼҰħΪȻǰæȷϹЩ˶Ѿ֮󣬾Ұħ޴ʬ壬ֻǽԼĺۼĨȥ
Ҳ鲻ʲôʱʲôۼûˣҵ޿еİ׹ǣϳ׹˭ҲֻܵǱҰħϮ
ص¾ӣɭΧΧЩʬ廹ڣ㻹ͬĴʽ
æһ֮Ҫѩˣ֪Լ̫ˣɲѩԼܣסܣ롭
֮ǰ㻹һҪʡ
Ůˣ֪ʱǸʲôΪʲôǸ˵ҵˣ
ʥ۹ңӦŰɣǵ۹ǼӰм֮ĵһ壬Ѫͳһֵص㣬ǵ۾ɺɫ
ѩ˵ոһɫͫ


77 ʧļ
㣬Ĳҵ𣿡ѩɻʵ
㲻ѵ۾ǺɫľҵҼǵҼܶޱͫɫġ
ޱȷǺɫ۾Һɫ۾Ҳܶ࣬ҵɫǵ۾ǲɫģҵƽʱǺɫֻħʱ򣬲Ż졣ѩ͵Ҳ˵˶˫ɺڱ죬ֻҪ۾ɺڱ죬Ǿһҵˣʥ۹˶֪顣
ЩģȫΪ֣ˣֻҪһ˫ۻ죬ͻصʮ꣬˫ۻˣԽԽ٣һֻڼصĺۡ
ŶԭֲǻΪҵˡܿϧҲǣڰ֣·ϣԼ۾ֻ߻ħѣҲһֹĻ
ѩ۾Ȼʵĸĸ˭
ϰģҵˣ㲻ˡ㲻Ͼ˵ĸҲԭģģͲԼ㣬ǷҲȥ飬ȥǡ
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֪֮ͨļ֧ͬҪͲ±ӴͬʱҪ˶һļֻ֧ͨļ֧档
Щ£ԼļңСļţҲǵý飬ֻ֪Ҫʳ

ˣͬһֱԱ뿪˶ûлͷͺ˵ķֱ˽ԶȥԽԽԶ
һ֪ʱٴ桭


78 Ҳһ
ڶ죬Ӱﶨƺö֮󣬾ѧԺֵֻǣѧУܰܰϿΣҲƽŶԡ
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ͬʱҲҪЩڳʦԻؼҿ
죬Ǵٿʼĵ죬԰ûлȥ
һΪǧѰģ벻㲻֪ѧУڷż٣ҪҪҴ˳ǧѰ᣿ɻᣬϴ֮Ҳûпˡ
ˣѾûˡĴ𰸻簬ϵĻðе㾪档
ʦȻѧԺŴ٣ΪԷһһҪ٣ʱ䲻Ҳ׼ʱҲ꣬Ҳ˵㵭һЦûмˡ
Ҳһǲ˵׼٣ϣܻ˵һЩˣҲһΣԼһμѧ
ѧɳ뿪Ǻܶʦ뾭ȴֱ뾭顣
֪ˣˣ󣬾תȥ
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·ո㲢һС·ϣһԻţǸʱû뵽ѡ
ҪȥҺһȥɡ㲻Ҵ԰ĸоԣദʦʦصء
ҪȥƶǧѰǱߣڸ߼101š˵101Ųһϵһţǵ101Ժ
ѧԺռǴ޷󣬹Ժͼ˵һС
ãҺһȥӦΪҪȥĽǧѰͲȥĽǧѰֻټΪⲻ
ΪͲȥǾͱʾĽǧѰͨ˲һĽǧѰĸоֻһͨʶˣԲ⣬ҲҪ
Ű֣101űԺʱ˶ʮֵľȣȻھ֡
ŰֲǵһˣҴҲֻ֪Ϊ˷ֹ·ʦ߶ûʲôֵġ
Ҳ벻βҪŰǰȥţĿĻһΪ˲Լ߶
ʱһ仰ϲ⣬ǸʱѾ·úһᣬֻƽʱ˻ῴͻ׸㶨ȴһҲˣ׼У԰߶
ҪУҪУ԰·꣬Чִ
ҲҪԺл˵
㣬û֪֪˺㡣һԵĻ¶ȣһĻá
¶ȣĽǧѰ
ʲôֲ˵㣬˵ޱòã㣬֪֪ޱ֮ǰһ棬뿪ʱԹ񡭡´μʱǧҪСġ¶ȿתߵ
Һûϵֻҵίˣ֮󣬾ʲôϵûСֱӻص
¶ǰޱеϵȴ롣
ĽǧѰüðޱһĻòģ̬ȣûʲôо
ҲǶˣޱ˵кøУǻûе̶ֳȡ
ˣˣǼʰڰ֣תȥ
㣡ĽǧѰסʵһҪȥҪ˭һӣȥȻһѧУǹѧԱ֮ȥ
֪һˣش
֪ȥ㻹ûȷ·ߣһˣҲûͬ飬ǸɴһɡĽǧѰ
ǣˣϲһˡص
ĽǧѰĵһûӦΣյġ
ʱ˶ಢʲôûһ˷㡣㲻õģһȥӶӦûǺͱӶһж˵
ǺðɣСһ㣡ĽǧѰ˵
ЦЦȻ˵ллģټˣ˵꣬뿪ˣûֹ뿪
ĽǧѰıӰֱʧ߷ΧڷͻȻһֵĸооԼԽԽԶͺһԺԺ󽫻ܾòܼ棬ǲټ桭
ҡҡͷµ뷨˦ȥԺ
ǧѰˣ¶û֮ǰţȴ˵뿪
ʲôϵõ֮ԼڼҲҲңҾˡĽǧѰɬ
ʱ򣬰ڵǧѰҲ֮Ҳһܿ
ΪʲôĽǧѰʵ
㣬ٵģһΣ˵Լٵʱ佫пһ
ʲôĽǧѰ¶ͬʱһߵķƶҲ¶֮⡣
ҲпܲٻҲҪ⣬ֻ˵ܣҲпܻ׼ʱ˵
ܡĽǧѰոʧĵط׷ȥһԼˣ仹ԼĶ㣬Ӧ飬Բ䡣
ȻӦ겻ȥ㣬һᣬǹ֮ĻǺǣ跨ҳ
ţһģʱ㲻ҾͻȥһԣҪøǿʲôطȥ㡣
ĽǧѰָԼĿ꣬ʱΪѾˣڻӿ챾ѾܿĲǰ

У㵽Ӷһ͵Ҫһǰʱ
ʰһ£ϰļȿԷż֧ҲԽŽȥǰصؼȥģͬʱʮ֧ͨļ֧Ҳʮ֧ļ֧
ٹħŰʱӵһǾǬƵĿռƷħ粻Ӧе
ΪʲôڶûмʵʵıűҰɡ


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79 ʼ
峿Լĵص㣬Ӷϡ
εӶһӶžֲصɢмæӶΪȴġ
ȻӶȼɢ͵ģǲᱻεļ
ίˣһȽҪĵȼҲԱȽϸߣһӶţߵߡ
Ӷŵֽлõ壬һ;һȺŮ˵ӶţǣӶΪŮΪΡ
֮Ի֣ΪӶŵųŮõ壬ȡֵˮƽߣȻҲŮ֣ԾͰӶֶΪõ塣
ɹȴһ䣬Ůֲһ仰ˡ˭֪Ůκ˵Ůãͻᷢ𣬶һͻƴ
ΪӶŵһ֣ڴ½϶ʿڵˣ˭ҺƴҲĻõӶǿʢԭȻ࣬ʵСơ
˵Ϊõ֣Ҳ˲ŮӶ룬ñһɫ˵ӶţɵŮռɵľ棬Ǻ־ͱβƣҲû˷ԡ
ѾᵽõӶŵֻ࣬һٶʮˣо󲿷ӵĺٺ٣ִһ㶼Ӷæ
Ҳǲҳڵģֻû˿ľãɣ¾ס
ӶŵùģӶƼģںߡ
㣬ϰӶܼ򵥵ıȻܻõӶŵİţҲ򵥵˽⵽ε
Ŀ꣬ĿĵѾ֪ǽһ͵Ķǰ޳ǣ֪£ǸŮˣǰһ֮ŮͬʱǹֶŮķ桤ʨ
ʨǰϣͬʱҲ˵½İ֮Ϊʨӡ
λ濤ҲǺһͬѧԺѧħѧԺģѧϰħǵĻǺܶ࣬ȥͻӶŻ͡
ңݲɿϢең͸Ҫ˻ͣһҪȽʵġ
ʼͨ׼˵˰һ;ͳҲûʲôر𡣿м䣬ҲΨһһ˵ĻΧӶΧм䡣
ԺںڵģҲûǰ濪·Ҳм䱣ֻںžͿԣȴûôҸҪС
УȻҲһУǺܶˣֻһֵ
˵òģ˳㵱һУǧ֮ңŸطͽУм仹ҪȣһС
ϵĸѾﵽٽԻΪ֮զ࣬˭ʮҵ꣬ϾȻٽĸأĸ£Ȼж糣ǳʱˡ
˵ٽ︺أźܶ˶õȴһ쵽
ٽĸأϵıҾԵëԾһ·ûʲôоӶŵĹأ˽ƷԼţҵƷſԷ˻ϡ
е뷨Թ̬ȣӪկЩ¶һɣѾܵ˺ܶӶ͡
һӶųԱŵ˼̬棬ɵĳɫһϰӶҲһкܶ׳֦
ϣֱӵľܾˣŲκεֻ֯Լǣ鷳κε֯ϵģ۴СаֻҪĹϵͻ鷳ʱ⡣
ûбҪǲκһ֯
ӶŵҲûǿȻ㲻Ը⣬Ҳ𣬲ҲΪ֮⣬ΪӶԸ񣬾Ǻģǿκεˡ
ȥ˼죬뿪̤أƫıм仹ҡ
֮󣬺ܿһƬɽȻƬɽеûǰĵ·鲻ΪЩм
˵ˣӶʲôģѵ
һ죬ɽһٶ·æ׼͵ʱ򣬷һС飬ǺСйص顣
һ˵ڰæʱС趼ܲסᵽҵطˣɽ֮УҲ̫Զݵʱ򣬸СϪ
СȻֻС񣬵Ǻأƺϲˮÿ춼ҪһˮԴˣΪǣСŮӣɾÿҪϴ衣
˵⻰ʱСʣʲôŮӣΪʲôŮӻᰮɾҪÿϴ裿
Ļشǣѣ㻹СԺٸ㡣
شǷ£شҲ𲻳ʲôҲ㲻⣬ʱЩʵǴҹϵģȴ˵⵽Ϊʲô
ۣÿɰС񣬾Ȼˮ档һŮСųˮӣ۾Ϳʼ⡣
СģС裬ǶˣҪץס
СƺеΣգͣס˶СԴתת󶨸סˣԴŵŮ
ӣС迴Ů񣬾͸е˺Σգȥҷ㡭
Сų򣬽ˮĸɾȻµĵطȥ
С񣬱ܰŮеȻ׷С裬Ĳܿ죬ӦģӶУᶷŮϡ棬٣ʱѾ٣ȻгŮˡ
ٶȿ죬Ҳ׷С裬һٶȱȲС裬СɵǱûϰΪڿУȴźܶϢϰͶˡ
˹˶ãСͽŮ˦Ȼɵ߲Զĵطվȴ㡭
ףС裿Ӷ𣿡ڿյʱ̧ͷСվһߣͺʵʱСӦˣŶԡ
ˣ϶СӶˣҪҪԡ
Сҡҡͷ
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80 Сǻ
緹ʰ֮󣬾ȥС裬ȿȣǴСˣ
֣ЩԱ֮󣬴ҲϢˣӦóŶԣǽ첻ͬԹ緹֮ЩӶӣʮһСӣߣҪᡣ
ӦʲôҪ飬طϾеûԲбҪģģº֪ԭͺ
ΪСոջû湻ԾȥСϪԼˣҪΣյ˽ӽ
㿴£ʹСһȥС˵ˮˮȥ
ľɽУ峺СϪлС裬һоȻ£о飬΢Ц˵С裬һֻСѼ
С費ѼӡСصˮ
СѼɲѼӣһֻİ죬ֻʱֻСѼЦ
СС۾ɻ󣬷ɵļϣ㡣
֪֪£ǾͳСѼĹ¼򵥵˵һߣܶϸǲסˣСҲ֪ܶ࣬Ҳôࡣ
ĹºС˵СԺҲСѼһ죬ʱͲ᲻ҪС衣
СҲȥˣɡЦС仯СӾͺܲˣûбԴ
С軶Цȥˮ
ССϪôģͻȻðһааͷѵЬӣ˫ŷŽСϪ
СϪҵϴˮˣúѬС衣
ǣȴûгɹΪСϪˮ࣬ΪĽŸûζڵĶضѾûˣһɶ
͹һȻĻ棬һȻúĻ棬һСϪߣһֻܿɰСϷˮ
ʶ˿ͻú֣˭ûмһֱ飬Ȼ΢Цһ׽ĸо
ȴûάֶãΪ˼ܹ㣬ǲһֻɫС񡭡ֻ
ǸŮӶףһѽһüӣĻõӶųԱˮС裬֪ԼѾдˣС۾Ҳʼ⡭
Сȴ˵۹⣬ˣֻҪߣͲẦʲô
մСʲô£عͷʵôС衣մ˵λӶҲϲԷֱԼ֣͸ûҪȥƺʲôС㡣
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С㣬仰
С裡ҵģԼˡ
ʲôãֲ˵ĳȻմＱ֪С˵С˶ûС˵
ҵĳҿԴ㣬ϲһ𡣡Спϲ˵ҲϲһԾͰش
մЩ˵˵㣬ǰΪһӶҴˡģ㻹˵ʲô㲻ϲ˵ϲ㲻Ͳ裬αĵĽڡ
մ˱ȽֱˬϲĨǣҲ֪СĹϵСڲͬΪʹýڡ
ΪǾǰɣʲôʱҲû˵ʲôѵմСôôбҪɡ
ʲôʱͿʲôʱСң˵Сøǡմǰһ㲻⣬Ǿ仰㲻˵ʲô
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˵ҶٿԲ³С˭˭ûǻõӶŵųıŮõ塣
ոСϪ߿СŮǻõ塣ûе跹˼ĵزֻе㲻ıСߣҵС裬ʱ򣬾ûʲôθڡ
ڽŵĻͲˣϾټȥѰңȻڲӰ£һзִġ
ӻõС֮մԼһʱһֻɫС
͹㣬ǲǻõеֻСˮˣʱ򣬾Ͽ϶ˣԾֻ
˵һ飬Ҫһ𣬾ԼʣҪҡ䵭ص鷳ΪŴġ
㡭մŭʼϳ壬Ҷ˵ˣ㻹һ׶Ըҡ
մ㣬ҵ˰ԶһŮ˹Ǹո׷СǸŮҲõӶŵĹõС㡣
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СˣСҪܣõ˷ܵؽеȴԭܵС裬ڻյȥ
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㲻˵ĻҵĬˣԺ͹ˡõ˵Ȼ׼ȥץС衣
С裬Щ˵
СĻ֮󣬾ͷˮ棬ĵϵˮȻɵļϡ
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С谡С裬ԺǲǸױȻҲһ鷳һСǻ


81 
ЬӶû˫Ŷû뿪ˮ棬ǻõСѾӦе
㲻Ҫһ֮ŵӶӦҵģС񽻸ңҿԸңҪ٣˵
֪Լ뿪ŮҲԾͲˣϪߣĻ߷硣
С裬û湻Ļͼ档ԼϵС
С迴˿㣬Щ⣬ոջҪԼȥôԼˣСԴ벻ͨЩû룬ļˮ˫űתתȥ
ÿɰҪˣõС۷⣬ι˵ٽҡ
ȴȻûлػֻǵͷС裬ýŽˮ棬С첨ˣ¶ױ˼ЦݣһȫˣӹԵȻ
ͷֱŴңԲûпѵһЦݣֻǾ񣬲شõĻһӴҵĴڡ
ʱѾֹõմˣһЩӶ
ιûУСедŭ⣬ûһ˸ԼǶӦԼĻԼҪʲôܵõʲôû˸档

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㡭Сǰ׼һţݺݵһţ
մ￴õˣ֪ʲôֱۣûõӶڷСƢȴˣһжг߶ȵġ
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ȴ֣ģҲĽ᲻ɢҲͷʹΪһֻСֵȻֻСܿɰ
أ㵭˵
Сӣ㲻Ҫţ첻Ҳø̸ǸӡС̲סˣˡ
ӣ̸أմӳʱ˰ɣǰô涼ԣ֮ʱǵ񣡡˵䵭
⣬ǲǷ񲻹ܣһΪȣҲֻǵͬʱųʱ̸մ͵רҵģ˵ĵ顣
ĻΧߵľͲֹЩˣӶŵˣĶӳڰŸԵֻһմǶӳӶϢʱ䡣
㿴ܣȻصȻҾȷĸ㣬̸ֻ֮Χڵ飬㾡ܷԸˣ밲һᣬţҲûа취벻Ҫ˵
㡭õ廹˵ʲôȴմϡ
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ӲҪ̸ȥֻᷭΪеӶӶ˵ĻǴȥӰ쵽Ӷŵ
ͬʱҲûʸҪʲôΪѾԼ񣬲һɫӶ˵һӶֻеǷѡ
УһҪһˣҪСʲôСһǱƵģҪȳħצС㻹Ļɣܱҵ
ȻǰӶŵˣԲŻûһ֣СƢҷѾزˣ͸ɴȥ
ǰѾ˵СǶĲ˭ģңͬҲκˡǸʱ㲻ڣҾ˵һ顣С˵һԸߵĻҲᷴԡתͷŻõ˵
ʲô˼˵ǵھܾңû޳ܵˡõŭȻƢ˵㣬ǲ̵ͣȴȥƶϣû˵ʵСȷǿ˵Ը߲Ը⡣
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СӣҪҪӵŮС񣬾ĸ͸Ҵ˾ǻüȫŵ˶
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ٸԭ˵ãһֱӶţӶнĳɼĹҲ٣ħҲв׳ɾ͡
Ҫ˵ĻͿԼ޸ɷֻȴһֱӶæ˼Ҷóϲ
Ҳֻ֪һֱûгߣŹķˣλųе⣬СӣŹô꣬õ嶼ѾʮˣǻһչûС
ǰɣĺϲСԸõĻҾ˵еİ취Խõ漸죬ʱ˵ͻỹ㡣ĸԻСӣһͺҪҪֲɣֺͻˡٸ˵˸еУԷԡ
ֻҲûа취С費Ը⣬ϲЩ˵С赱һߣʲô漸죬ʲô˻ỹ㡣
һΣС費ǸӹƷҲߣǶģҪǣԼеػص
СӣǲܽѵǲеģˣŪǡһӮңҾͲǿˣˣ͹ԹԵĽС񡣡ȵ
˵Ǵ½ǰٵߣֻһϰӶ㻹˼˵ĻⲻǺʲôֱ
ٸҪֹȴһ˵ľٶ
ųˣȻ֪ԼʤĻôܷŹܼʶһ¶ֵʵдд裬Լ洦Ƿǳľ޴
е˶㣬û뵽Ƕûͷ֪Сġ
ãܺãСӾͳһ㣬е㿪ʼϲˡóʵԼԶ˵Ļʱ˵Լǿȴһ䲻Ӧͳݵɫ;СӲ
׼Ьʱ׼ҪһʱһŮĳ֪ⳡпܴ򲻳ˡ
ųǴˣһֱûС赱һжСԸСǻ˵ġ


82 ֵĺƶ

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˵ˣƶǽʿǸħʦӦŪˡ˵ǹŪ顣
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ƶ˵ԭҲûȥ׷ʣҲǺʹŵǸϢйأеңܲҡ
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ˣķƶСе㲻Ծôڵϣһ򶼺ڵģһҹӣ˵ڵϣ˵ӦúûŶԡ
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㲻ػصʲôʣķΧͻش𡣡ķΧнǻزش˵㡣
ƶó˼ںʵ㵽ôƤģΪʲôƤһҪףҪϸ壬Ŷ𪣬Ů˻ҪŮˡ
仰ôôŤʱȥɳĮһˣһ£Ƥɹһ㣬Ƥĥһ㡣
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֪뷨Ļһƣ˵ϷŮˣھȻŮϷԼ˭涨ͱ˵ϷŮˣŮ˾ͲϷˡ
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ΪŮ˵֮ĶǺǿģƤǾͻ֪㻤İ취
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˵Щ׵Ķжģ仰ûˣȻôҳԶҩԽԽס
ԺҪооô׵ҩҪ֪ĸ磬һɣŮϵǮ׬ģֻҪ㷢һŮϲĶֻܶ˵
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ˣ˵ˣȻͷ£Ȼȥˡˣû㣬ǸʲôģΪʲôЩҶûп㣿ƶվ֮ͻȻ¡
΢ЦŻصǸڵģһֱڶĺ棬ûпҲġ
ڣǲǸƶʱһθ棬кҹϳԵգԲŻ
մͳˡϬһͨ
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ԣһҪӦ˵Ҳǹ֮һЩ˻Ҫ֮ӴΧ֮ڵģҲƴǡ
Ǻã͹ƶЦ˵
ԼҲֱ͡ӵؾܾͲҵĹΧˡ
ҲãԼƶһЦͺ˵֪˵
оԽԽ֣ƶòƽܴ
񲻹ҵ£ȥˡ


83 ɬЦ
ݵһ֮󣬴ҿͿʼòһˣͿʼĬĬŵġĻߡһԾСģǡĻߡ
λȻһѵȥ˵ĹˣҲ˳ʵڴһϰӶ
ֻϰӶȽѣȻֻڵӶС
ڴҺоԼһĴʽֻһֻ֮֡ڿϧûм֡
Ҫֳָеĳ棬ǰĶ֣̫ͣûʱȥ֣ΪҪֵĻֻܻԼȥ
ȻҲбֳʵе㣬ֻһСֶѣʵ޷֪
ˣлῴģεӶӦû鷳Ҫ˵;ĵڲең˵˵ġ
ݸոģٿԲ³Ը񣬹ʲô·Ļͻǰɱһ˵֣ĸҲǺܶģøոյմ˵һĽʿ
ۣӦһ֣һġ
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屶λľǳߣħʦʮнףʮΪ߽ףʮΪʥףʥ׵ֹֻһ˵ڴ½˵˵ʼڣֻһʥס
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Ȼ׳˲ԵʵֻԶԣ˱Ҫг㱬ǿȴ̣ܶҲǻпܱ͵˴ܡ
һ˵ǿˣҲһǿΪҵĹ࣬öħħҲǲһ߻϶ǳȵġ
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ֻǸС翪ʼ߽˵ģСǷⷢģϲҲһⷢǷŭĻ⣡
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˸ȫĵطʼӪկƶǿӪȻĵλãȴǴһȫĵطõӶŵı黹Ǻģ֪ôӪܱί˵ġ
컹һ֣æʩȻͿʼæͣʱ򣬾˳ţΪϲţ档
ȻϲǷƶҪƶҲû˵Ҫʲô棬ýŷƶһҪǸԼԵģƶܳԵ˶١
˽óȥ֮󣬾ʣһʱⲢǴҲЩڳԶ
кƶԼҽʲô
ӺöԶҪ㲻飬

ҾͲµ㲻ңҲңԼˡƶҿӪʣͿڴڵĳ档
ϡָϵһ뻹ð棬Ѿ׼ˣֻͬΪ˷ֹԼԵ̫࣬ûʣ
ƶ߹ȥҲѧһվųû̬ʱûǸ߹ĺҴС㣬ֻһͨŮڳźͨһ档
һ̣˽Ļͻ֣ᷢһֵŮλòȴվ棬껹֣Ů˾ò˼ˡ
ôվųԣϻվųԣôʢһ롣
ƶһһĳԣܿˣԼȴųС룬ﰵЦӡ
ƶһ֮Ѿཫһˡ
㣬㻹һܳԣƶó־죬Ц˵
Դ˵Ľ;ǣ˶Ƚϴ󣬲һ㣬·߲ȻͲǺȫ棬Ҳһ͡
ƶЦʵǲΪҪſԶԲŻæ
ûҲ³ϣΪܳԸԸҪæͿԷſĳԺȡ
ҲΪʲôһڳԭ̫鷳ҵĻҪãԶپͶ١
εĻõӶǳԿˣæʱǵʳƻյţСŶѡ
ƶҲ뵽㣬Ц˵ΪųεĲԤֳܳ֡
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û˵ƶҲһû˵ʲôˣһӰҲΪƶû˵Ҳֻõһ̵˵ʲôԷһԼġ
֮󣬷ƶڵ㣬ԺӣܼܲԵģС˵ģˮȣ⽵ȶ
ûʲô⣬ίˣҪʲôֻҪҵΧ԰Ҳûж룬ֱӻص
ֻΪҲãûйϵá
ƶ¶Цݣ˵Ǿͺãҵһ;ֱĽ
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ˣ㣬ҵ͡ƶ˵תȥֱȥſڵһ̡
㣬ҪԺÿǧѰ¶һԵͣÿ죬ֻҪÿ³ԵһΣǸжá
ֻҪԸǮҾͰγ֮ҾͲһȥ㻹ǿԺĽǧѰһͣҵʳǴСģԲҪˡóƶҪԼֻͣĽǧѰһ
С㣬ʱϣԼֻһͨŮҴС㡣ƶЦţֻЦдһɬž뿪ˡ
ŷƶ˱֣Ѿµƶλȥһ·һĵ飬ȴûжʡ
Щ飬Ǵǵ£Ҳûйϵ


84 
ʱֹȥ˼죬Ƭɽһ죬ĻͿԵƽԭ
⼸˵ʲô·ĻֻǼСë·٣󱻺ɵĴˣӳ˶ûֻͨӶųԱɸ㶨ˡ
Դ㲻ò˵ЩëССëʧûῴֳУҲãеıȽ˳
ɲΪ뿴ֳУҪÿˣΪĶΪΡ
⼸ÿ춼ֲͬʳƶԵͬʱԼҲ˳㳢ζȿȣרҵģΪõĳζĺûԾҪȽϴʳ
ƶҪʱ׿Щգ⼸˵Цд󲿷˵Ц϶һ澭Ŷţ
ȻҲлػģǺܶࡣ
ƶ֪ԸҲûоǼ⡰ķݡ֪Ժ󣬿ܲٻȥҲĽǧѰǣֻ˵ԼؼҶѡ
ǺҾ;ò͵ʱ򣬷ƶܽ˭ֻ֪һ㡣
Ϣʱ򣬴һῴСˣʱзƶ飬ʱ˻ᾲûлʱƶ˵Ǵȴٿ˵
ôҺɻ˵ʲôϵѣȴҲʲôǵİˡ
ҲΪƶʱ֣߳ҪжһֱûнУڴҲ֪·ƶ㵲ס鷳
˵ĻͿԳȥⶼʱ
ǵڶ峿Թͺ󣬴׼ɽһ·һϿȣһһױϿȡ
ӶŵӶ֪ΪӢ͵ӶţԱǿԶһ澭ḻӶ㲻֪Ͽȣƾḻ۹ͿϿܵ
οϿȻǺܳģܶ˶ﱻ
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ͿʼǰƵȥƶˣĻΪųĻʱӦŶԡ
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㣬ôˣ㵣𣿡㻹û˵ʱ򣬷ƶ̽ͷʵֻʣڴΪԼǺ֮ܳǡ
ţͷ
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㿴Ͽȵľͷ˵˲ϿڷǣϿȵ棬˵
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ʼ˼һߵٸҲʼüҲǴˣֻҪѣǾͻ뵽ԡ
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ͬոЩ˾˽֮ͻȻɵʱʱҪ͵Ϯͺпܻء
뵽ǷԼıʼˡ
ллѣòĶ˵һߵĻõܲˬȴûжΪ֪ʱ֣ܺӶﳤģȻƢ˵㣬һϸӶ
ʼԶӳҪڳϿȵʱҲҪָ߶Ⱦ裬ֱﰲȫĵطΪֹ
ͬʱʼ㣬Ĺ۲ȷǸ˲ţ֪һ˵ĹͣһƬĳȤʿľ֮һ
Ǿ仰࿴飬а
ӳеͷԣܿǾ֪ˣԭϿ
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ͻȻ緢ǿҵĻ棬ڿγһѾ޴Ļ浶Хѹ¾ʱħʱ
ħĹΧǺܹģȺܵʱЧԣӦ˵ǳЧ


һĲҽֻ֮ǰγһۣ޴ĵۣ۸ű˵ĺ¾м䣬ȻѾսˣҲǱˡ
Ĺƣһɱ˵ʮʮ֮䡣
һ֮öԷôˣǸеĸ֣㿴ŻһͿ˵Լ½ǿ֡Ĳࡣ
ҲԷһУֻɱʮˣסлǼ򵥵ģ˵õֱӱܿͿԡ
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ʱ˭ϷĻͻῴһϿȣʳһ㣬һźɫϿȣĺɫԽԽ١

սڼǰ߷ӳֲʵÿһΪһ飬ĵȫʵս͵ģЧʣһûκεĻɣĶûУǧ似
ı׼˵һǿߣǿˣ似Ҳǿģ㻹ǿмʵĸЩȫ˷ѣԸʡһ㡣
ѾǿˣԼҪʽһսذɣмĲ໹һ㣬ԼҪŬ
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ǣ伸ҲǾԵΪ㣬κ˶޷ﵽġ



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ֲ̫ˣǸ߽𣿴ħĸ߽ߣĴڣЩͨ޷ֵģҲһҲӵи߽߻߸߽ħʦ
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86 
ϿϮļҹĻǱȽƽģǸߵĻҲѾȻʱٸġС
޷ǾǲϧԼҲ֪ƣ
ЩˣҲûЩ˭ΪʲôԭӶŻῼǣҪǷֹԼԼ飬򶼲Ҫȥֱ˵顣
ⲻڰæڵҡ
㻹һĴӣһ͸ƶ׼ã⼸ҲļеȣԼʮĸأﵽʮ
ϼضҩĶԣʼӿеѾҪǿԭĶ壬Ѿʼͻµľ硣
ͬʱû˯֮ǰҲû֮ǰһ˵ĵط似ԼĽħķ
ҹû˱˵飬ֻСһߣϣʯϣڿ㣬Լˣ
СѾϰߺһ˯ÿ϶ſؿڣе֣˵ϲԼ˯ҲӦͷϣòͷȽѵĻ

ں¾ƶǷ濤еֻû˵ѣΪ¸޷˵ͬʱӶҲҪ֪
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һʼBģڳֵĵ˵ҲBѶȣ粢ûôţʲôSSSSSSģ߾AѶȷǳƾõӶŵҵA
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ص⣬Ȼ濤ӶȼʵӶǲڹ飬ǳġ
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ڴαԺϲֱӣȻ⻰еʧ䡣
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òҪһӦǸί˵Ļټеʱ䣬ȻԸ鷳顣
ƶͷ˺ܾãȻŶлл㣬Ȼ֪᲻ҵѣһᡣ˵仰֮뿪ˡ
ԿóѾſһЩĻȻûиı飬ȴԸıĿʱһĿ᲻ͬ顣
Ǽ³ʵǾͲҪȥգȥܣǵĻڷʲô

ƶ쿴ܿģʲô£ƶص֮еķ濤ʵ
ûʲôǰһȥˣε˵СҸһ㡣ƶЦŻصóһС濤
ӷƶʼȥԶ֮󣬷濤е棬˽֮󣬾볢Ķ⣬ûкͷƶһȥ÷ƶһ㳢ζ
û뵽ҲʼϲʳûԹģѧԺʱûгŹҲûȥʳԹһγԣԸеʣͽзƶҪһݡ
ƶû⣬Ҳû⣬һŮ˵ķܶ٣һûһֱ
ţܺóԣǰİʲôֱ𣬿Сһѡ濤һʣƶҲʹ
˵ûֱֻǳԷе㲻ͬ
ʵҲ㲻ʲôֱ𣬲Ҳżȥڲھֻ֪ˡ
Ŷ
濤ּʵո﷢ʲô£Ҹоͳȥʱе㲻ͬˣÿˡ
ƶ΢΢һЦ˵ͨһЩ飬ҲΪĻһʱߡ
ҿϲ˰ɣǼ£᲻һ𣿡濤Цʵ
ƶһЦ˵ֻѣοϲҲǲһûǼ¶ʱһ
Ϊʲô濤ʵ
ΪϲңҶ˵ֻһİˣûεͲңովѾ˵
濤˵ԭֻ˵ģк׷ǵļɣҼܶкӿʼܹݣұֳһںӣҲǣǾƤҡ
ƶ˵ǣ㲻һԸе䣬ȴ棬ϲϲϲǲϲαףҲԭ򡣡
濤ﰵάˣ˵Լϲ
ҵȤˣ֪飬û飬˵˵ɡ
֪ĲǺܶ࣬˵Ǻ٣
жپ˵ˣϲǵĹ¡

ƶҡҡͷǽԼ֪һ˵濤濤֮󣬲ɵ˵һ䡪
Ǻ٣
ƶĽͲ࣬ټײβģ֪¾˵ˡ


87 ʫʸ踳
ʮڵĶ˳˰ı߹أ޳ֻó̡
ʱݡ˳
ԴǴκ¾Ϯ֮󣬾ҲûзˣСûУһ·లµĴң
˶еȣǶѾ׼Ҫһ·սʱȴƽʵǳ˵֮⡣
ͬҲеЩ⣬㲻׶ԷҪʲô˵ڵ֮ǰ·ģ֮󣬾ͻɡ
Ϊ۶Է֮ģģѡڷƶ濤û֮ǰɱ
ɺܼ򵥣ҪԸǣȻҪΧ⶯֣ѶҪͺܶ࣬뱾ĻǻᾡԼĵط֣˻
ݷƶı֣ܲ³֮ĹңҺܾܿΪλȥԭġ
ڵʲôԭûȥʣҲûȥ룬ֻȻһ
ԣҪֻһ£Ŷ黤ͷƶ˵޳ǣֻҪ˳ɹļͿˡ
Ȼ˳ĿԺС֮ǰһϮЩ˾ԲưոݣЩ˻ҪĻǺϮԲ򵥡
ȻЩ˸ڰڶ֣ǾһоԵİգһɱҺ
뵽㣬ḻӶţҲͬõӶŵ߾ͱøأǰҪأСķš
صУӶżƽȥ죬ͻᵽ޳ǣҲ˵һ͵ϮΧɱֶ籩ңһСľͻᱻñˡ
ңпǽ죬Ϊһ죬ͻӽ޳һ㣬Ϊǣǹ˼һ㲻ѡ⸽顣
ڴǰһѵķص㣬һѩǵɽУȥ޳Ψһ··ϾװƵ֡
ѩ֮£жٵɱҲֻ֪֪ǱһҲҪȥƶ͵޳ǣӶְ
ֽŵʱ򣬶еһһ𡭡
⣬ǧ⣬ѩƮ
ʵʱ򣬸оӦشڴ½ı󲿷ֵط궼бѩʣµҲǴ󲿷ʱڱѩ֮С
ʣ˶ûģо⾳Ǽո߳ʫ
ֻĳһʱижһ仰ѣ˲˵Ҳܲµ㣬ȴ˵֮ǰʱͻȻʣСˡȴˡ
˵ۣһСŮһȻģߵС衣
㣬ƮѩˣС軶ķڿУһ㷳նûУ֪ٵ⣬ȻЩ¸С裬Ҿ֪Ҳ
ǰѩ΢΢һЦС裬Ҳ벻ͨΪʲôСԱѩûиоãϵëôܿס⺮䡣
㿿Ҳо˿˿⣬СȻǺġ
ó۵ʱҲһͬĽۣڴҶѾıǳʱһ·㵽ڻǺǰһ
Ҳеһ;Ҳ㲻·ԭ
С裬ոյǾʫ˭̸ģƶ̽ʵһ΢Ц
Ϊ֣⼸춼ĸУǷƶѣҲûȥȽֻһ˶ѣӰ첻ʲô¡
˵ˣһ˱ҲǺõģʱԵƣҲǴʣƶѣ
㣡СȻǶԳκ˵Щӷƶһ𣬵СȴһԷƶûиоȫ˦ƶ
ƶԴҲ̹ܶˣԺȻؼ㲻˵Ҳ֪һ̸ģǲ㣬С軹ܺ˭˵Ҳѧ˵Ļ
ǵģ˵ģûнصƶ㻹ǰͷȥΣաʲôֱڳ˵̽ͷ
ʲôΣգƶף֪ѻҲһûԲûֹƶΪ
ȻƶףǰĻСԴջأʵʫ𣿡
֪еʫ֪˼½ʫ˵дʣʫдĸ𣬵Ĳͬǻһġ
ᣡҿʱѧġص·ƶ׷ʲô飬½鲢ȷܶ඼ֻһһЩֳû˻Ǳ鿴ģˣ˵һҲ֪
ҲԣһԵģѩһʫĻ֮£ƶҪԼ飬һ
ãȻܿʫ˵ǱʣҾ͸һסǰ;Լʫʸ踳츳ڼȻ˶ͣǾһס

ѩ
ôİף
ð׺ðף
װװװ׵ģ

䣡˽Ե
ƶ̫˼ˣ̫вŻˡ濤ڳѾ̲סЦݶûй˼ˣΪʫɱ̫ˡ
ƶѾ˵
ȴ˵лл佱һŬԺضΪһʫˣ޵еĲŻ˰ɣҶڵϣӦġͶء

ֵˣǷƶ
˵ĳ˵ĲŻд֤һ£˵ĽҲһ㣬̫һ¡
ƶ濤˵Ҳ˺ܶ࣬ˡ
Ҫ˵ֳģֻҲֻС裬һΪ˵ʲôΪģס
ƶ޳֮ҽһ㡣һ󣬷濤˵
ƶûػصܶˣңֻѣ㲻Ҫſڱտ˵ҵġһ㣬׼һ㡣
ֻҪ㿪ڣа첻𣿡
ҲѾ߹ܶˣֻһίˣʲôǡ
ߣҲŲ绹ˣҵòλ
Ų㣬Ҿ㣬Ҫ̫Լݽȥ֪ڻȥҪ飬ûǰһɡ
֪ˣҾݽȥҪ˺Ǳߣ濤ﰵ˵

ǰһоΣյϢ¹ż


88 ǿ似
Сģ䱸
оΣϢ󲻾ãӶźܿͷֲԾǵĳѾһʱûлرˡ
ӶŵķֹǱȽȷģвݵɳȥΪ̽·ʲôԾͻرÿһʱͻرһΣҲΪ˷ֹɱԺ󣬴޷֪Σա
ƽʱͻ˳ȥȴˣֻ˭֪Լˣʵǰֺȥ̽졣
ಣ
ಣ

ҪᣬⲻڷһżߣҲǲ˵ԭͬʱҲ޷ɳʲô
ݼ֪ƬɫɭУԲϴεĺ¾٣ͬʱ껹ߴһ£ǲ׽ƶˣֱӸϾɱΪ겢ûκι˼ɣҺܶ඼Ƕ׼ġ
ĶԿΪ⬣ӶȴûйǸԽƣס꣬ûжƵĶѸٶжƵĺ棬ҵϰ
սӶӦжѸ٣ͻȻϮ֮£Ȼûһˣȫ˹ȥ
Ϊʲôû˹ܼ򵥣Ϊôױļ֧͸𣿲ᣬԲᡣ
ĳϴģӲޱȣĻļ֧ҲпܴƣЩͨļ֧Բܡ
ŴҲһȻȲϳȴһǼ֧ܴƵġ
Ļ˵һģǮһĲƣһġ

ӶǿʼΪ˿Ըõķ꣬оǡҲҪġ
ڴԼæԼ飬Զûע⵽㣬ע⵽Ļ°һѾʡ
ֻڼаڶȻܼļ꣬ȻҲΪҪĿһԭ򣬲˾е㲻˼顣
и˼飬ڶܵͬʱҲڲϵֱ֧ӶǽЩϮļ
Ѿ˾ò˼ˣڻڶܵʱ򷴻һܽļ˾ôЩͣ١
Уǽ¼ѣڼҵʱ򣬰˿ɲˣҪСö࣬ҲĶ࣬С˼ѡ
Ȼʱ˵Ҳע⵽ò˶ãͻῴĴڣΪǽɶԺпտΪ



ҽӶ
˭ӶʼΪԼˣȴԴԣԼĸ֮С
ʱǿһĻ棬һڶܼͬʱסŵĵˣÿһ֮󣬶ᷢһҽС
ôģ˵ǽסַҲʱǣôҳЩ˵λã׼ȷɱһһȫ֪ʲôطĵˡ
ǿԶ֪Ϊ㲻ش⣬ˣʵֻǽӰյһּܣܽ°ȴ֪ʲôطǾ͸ɴ಻ҪѧˣΪץˣзһ˵İ֮¡
Щ˱ȽϳõĶԸļ㵽֪ԼȻܶණûȥѧȴԼ˵Ĵ̼֮£ѧ˺ܶණЩԼļܡ
ҲǹģҲ֪ѧЩȻǸѾòˣȴųһãǲŻгһջõЩ
뵽ܻеһů
ԹȻԷֱ棬ôֱ治ֻλķֱߵģס
ÿһ£ͻ֣ᷢʵǽ֮˵ļ£Ȼ󡰻ˣ󲿷ֶˡ
ӶȴΪ֮£Ͱȥļ滮䣬ôãÿһζһˡ
ȻǣǿȴǺܶΪΨһԡ
ˣڶʵۣ˺üΣ
ϰӶȥɣ֣һ˶ͬ뷨ǸһֱϲĻõС㡣
ҲһԵסЩȴ޷Ķܡ
֪Լʵͻḡˮ棬Ҳ±˷ԼʵʱԼκεʵֻԼ鷳Σ
ҪʵֻƽʱͷΪװûʵ
οʱ򣬾㱻ҿԼļҲ޷ԼǴδɱϵһΪԼõͨļҲǺ̡ܶ
ȻЩ˿䵽ͱʾҲһ䵽
˱¶ʵûκΣյģУڵʵԺʵʵǻ˭ڵʵԺǾǴش
ܿûм꣬ΪҲм䣬Ų׳յڻãվǰҪ˦˧
ļǵ˺֧ܶ׵ĵõ֧ɶз϶ˡ
ҲΨһһ֣УӶѾʼû㣬ҲһᷴѵⰤ
ӶڷͬʱҲƶΪȫĵطȥ
ƶǸ𣿡濤ʵȻû㣬ҲͷһȫУϲĵˡ
Ϊأʦȶʱ򣬾Ѿ˵ᳬԽǣֻ벻ô죬һ˳ףȫȫ˦ں档ƶЩʼЩʧ˵һѾŬˣǻǱ׳Լ
˭̵ģǼиɻĻҾͻͶ濤˵ϣǲòϣħʦĿǣ죬ħħʦ¡
Լгģû˽̹ʦȻĵʦȴûн̹κζΪͲʣֻһЩϵ⣬Ҵࡣƶش
ƶ˵ԼгģʺԼģǿ似仰ԭȴǽģùѵԷƶܾ
ţƶ濤ֻڵĴ֪Լǲܰȫص޳ǡ


89 
ӶȵУʱ򣬻пճʱȥ㡭
ߣõȻ㲻˳ۣǼһ㣬Ҳûʲô˲𣬺ߣ
ˣֹһ㣬Բ΢΢ü㿴Ĺֻһ㣬˵ľ롣
õ仰֮󣬾ϸȥĶ֮һûǼ֧ȥٶȣеľ룬ȴҪ죬ҪԶ
֪Ĺжǿ˰ɣҼǿĹȻԴĹͺпģҿԴɵοԵóԻܴ󡣡
мոնܼԼסӵַ˵ʵ֮ϡ
ʵΪʲһϰӶԸЩӵ飬һʲôɸ˵ܡõ崧ǻɣĶ
ΪĿԣ׷ƶʱŷƶ֪ǻõ˵
ΪʲôһϰӶҾͲ֪ˣҲǸճӶûвμӿˣǲбĶҲ֪һҿԿ϶һӶմʱһ䣬ܿͶ뵽սС
Թڹϵ裬˵ڶӶû˸˵һ
ӶѾ㹻ˡбĶֻҪͿԡ
սսսÿһÿһӶһЩ˵ӶУЩҲУӲҽжϳҪӶŸ߳ܶࡣ
ҲԿ󾫲࣬ʹ֮£˵زͿ˵õӶŲ˵ȿȣʵˡ
ܿ죬Ӷ鲻ƶˣΪ·ѾôסҲǿԹȥǾԹȥ
뵽ˣǾȻӦûǵ·˵ޱڸô죿
ޱǻС֣һƢˣ֪ıϻȲޱӶŵĲԻ϶ޱ
ڿҪȫѾˣֻ취ͻΧ˼ŷ濤ӣǾЩˣޱһĿǰ˵ȽʺϵģķߣͬʱƥҲһף֮µĻкܴĻѡ
ȻеķҲǺܸߵģ֮£˾޷Ӧʲô֮󣬽ֻн
£ַջֵõģ˵ڿļҪǿࡣ
ĻʻͻΧ˵˵һֱעߣǵĶԲΡ
У㲻Уõ̷ԼӰɣԲ̰֮ܽҪһӣǵͰ׷ˡ
ǰʱ׻ᱻҪܣԲŽⵥ¡
ԸȻ̰пܻ֮󣬾ͲЩˣԣǺпܣǰٷְٻᡣ
ֻҪ˳Ľƶ˴ĿĵأõӶǲĲܣΪǸʱȥǻܹԼúõĴͿԡ
ᷢ飬Ҳͬ뷨Ϊʱ׿飬Ƕ˵ֵܸ
ȻҲ˵ԼļʻһģĿǰʵѡҪļƻӦðѼƻɹļʴﵽߡûйܻõĻֱӶԻޱ˵
ȻҪɹʴﵽ˵ûȴûģ㣬񽻸㡣ޱʱûڹ˼ģֱһ˵
ңֻҪ½ҾͿԣΪֻ֪ж˷ǸطǰȫģС衭˵ͿʼС衣
ʱС裬Ͽշ裬־԰ȫĵط
ĽлСӷ
ңжˣʲôλáС˵
һʼСɵУΪСİȫҪȥȻ󽫵˵λö
㣬С迴ǧڸԶУСС迪ʼĵص㶼˵˳ҴСĿУҵ֪εķڻǴֱʣȻˡ
Ҳǣϴǧ˱εȻҪɸˡ
ͬʱһڿС裬һֱСֻǿɰһôôСһٸҲҪ
ʣ˭עеһֻСôС;㶢տҲһܷ֣㷢֣Ҳʲô˭֪˵ԽΪҪԸˡ
ǧֻ಻٣ûƴĻһεķ߰ǧˣƽ˵ǲСĻҲΪС費ˡ
СԼԽãоԽԽȻȲˣҲֻΪ뻰ϣЩϢ棬ȴһҲ
֮˵߰ǧˣС˵ǧΪС貢۾͸ӣЩصˣûмڣһʼ˵Լǧˡ
֪ô˰ɣ˰ɣĻҾͻԼ֪ʺϵƻʱ⣬ҾԽ޴ңһƻʱҲûи˿ֱ˵

֮ӶͻȻΧһţСһţԼöưΧסһ͹һ㣬˸ͿȫǶƣҲܽӶ
Σһ仰ݡͷڹꡣ
Ƭ֮ķ˴һšסķѣɢչڷǰ
ֻļʻλ֮ϣһŵĴվ֮ǰǰɢ֮һ˳ȥһǰĴ¶һ·
Ĵ󺺣ӶֻһΪ·ڻӳһ֮󣬾Ϻ뿪
ܣӵͬʱһƥ̷Žſ񱼣ǰȥ
ԼٶȽӶ£Ӷ뿪֮󣬾̻Ϊ㣬ֳɼͻΧܵķ򣬶ǵ˷ļ϶⵱ȻСĹ͡
Щ飬ѾˣֻǼѩУһΡƷɳ


90 Ʒɳ
С˭ʵ̫̬ˡ
ЩУٷ֮ʮϵ˻ƵĻ㣬ΪļʻĻ似

ʻ֮󣬷˿ʼʱֻǷֳһȥ׷һԸʣµӶ߽ɱ
Ǻܿ죬Ǿͷ֣һ޷׷ҪΪֻò׷Բ׷ϡȾ׼ֹʲôⷢĻԿԽ
ˣӶŵˣΪܲ˶Զͻ׷ϣǸʱҪļ޴ԸЩײ
˭Ҳû뵽㾹ȻԼ˦ں棬ĵ·ԼԼײϸĶߡȴûмٹһֱٶȼʻ񱼡
ֻĻ棬似˾ò˼ǣԴϰͬٶȡ
Ҫ֪ﵽˣ㲻ÿطУǾԿԸһξһӷȻ׷㣬ȴԸϰ
㣬ȴĴЩϰЩôȴˣҲǲԼ·赲ȴ˵Ĵڣм䣬һײȥײɡ
˭񱼵µ·ǰװ׵ȥһֵûУȫһٶȡ
һ·ԽԽ࣬ǳǸ׳۰̫ϧˣֻЩ
ҿ㻹ܷɣҪһءһվڸߴ㴳һؿ˵òηһķ죬ԶͬʱҲʱȥ׼
㾭һ·Ŀ񱼣Ѿ֪һأֵıԵش֮ǰǿĵشʱôܾôˣĳײܵס˻ºٺ١
һ·ϣҲûֱɱ㣬Ǿǣ㾹Ȼһıȹȥˣһܸκε鷳ǲ쭡
񱼡
һϰǰ
㰵һǰŵϰ𣬲һѣ̹
ϰȻľֻĿȴе࣬·ϲһ𣬳нʮף߶һҡ
ΪԾľɵϰصؼӴӸߵģƥǷȻҪȥǲܵģٷΪġ
ȥֻеˣ׷Ա߾֣ٸ߳ļʻҲ޷ԦдС
òֻܣôһϣ
λӵʲôطȥװˣҲǿ׽Ҳ·һﵽǵˣѩ֮У׷ٵġ
Щܣ㶼ӦüٲŶԣȴȻǰȥûмٵ˼
Ҫ
˶ͬ뷨ٶҪײǰľʻ˲ҲˣҲһ
Ȼٿ񱼣ǰһׯûκϰһ㡣
ԽԽӽϰ
ʮס
ס
ס

͵ΪҪһľʱȴһ󲻵Ļ棡
ͻȻǰϣȻѾγħǰһӡ
Ƭ̼䣬ϰǰˣ˱˪ܿɱһб£
ݣټ٣̤űб£ȻһԾ𡭡
ķˣ
һ̴סˣɳĳһӶûмҲû
飡صĻص棬ʵ쳣Ȼͱ桰Ʒɳɢˣ
𶯣ܵ
˭Գһ쭳֮á

ݣûκεͣǰ񱼡
ħֻǿԹģһ֤һ㣡
ȥ֮󣬺Щȴͷʹˣסϰǵϰû˸ѧɳȥΪոиѧҪɳԣǷ
Ǻܿϧûаסʱ䣬ˤ˺˵ڵϡ
ȻϾֳǻǵ˲ٵʱ䣬ʹ׷ֻһߵķ˱˦ںȽԶľ롣
͸˻ᣬܵøԶܶһףǶһϣҲܵʿΧԽԼҲܳЩ˵ķΧ
ǻ׷ɱһΧġ
ҲֻˣĿǰ˵Ҳûб뷨ܶԶǶԶ
ĵطһȽϿɽбԭֵطкôҲл
ôǣԲ±±赲ǣܶԶҲã˶Կõ
Ҫﵽͷﵽɽһߡ

ںԭĳӣȻǺԽԽͣǲ֧󣬵Ȼųӹϵ
ܵӽͷʱ½ԽԽҲԹϾոһ·Ŀ񱼣֧Ǻġ
ãеԶһӻ׷ϣҲֻʱ⡣
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96 ˮ
£ƶܵźһȻǰ档
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97 峿΢Ц
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ôߣȻˣеֵǣЩҵ˿Լ֣ҶԼҲܿ
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ʱҲûдСòͣյм䣬ŪСС迪ĵΧȥĶŪ
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ߡָһһһ˦ȴûнľӳȥ˦һߣʱСѾܳȥֲԵʱѾˣСɵľǱߡ
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Сף
С׵ĴԴһ̾ѵķ֣С׳ΪƷʵȴǡ
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ʱ㿴վŵŮŮССˣʱ򣬾Ѿˣȴһֱһ߿ţǺٿı飬ԾͲš
Ҳ֪ˣȴûйΡ
ŮǷƶ濤Ϸƶŷ濤ȥ㣬˿е֪ѾȥˣһߣһͿڶŪֻġܰƽʱĲһ
Ҳеһ棬ֻҪʲô˲УΪ˶࿴һе飬ǾͲȥš
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98 ƶľ
ҪʲôҶҪ
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⼸С׵ıֻҲжĥɱ¿ˣСһ˼òƶòƾǷǳʵѡ
ҵôרҵʿȥţСһ࣬˵͸ƶΪƶչСףһġ
㣬˵ҪС͸ңƶеκˣû뵽С׸
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ʱԼӹĥ֮һǧĺʯƬֻʣ߰١
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Ҳû˵ʲôʯѣʼԼʺϵġ


99 Ż
ˣһǧʮһͷͲҪˣһҡӻϰһİӣܿͽѡĺʯƬƳҲܻ⣬һͷ
ȻˣȻôһ洦ɼĺʯƬһͭʮҪΪʮһܱͬˣҪʯؿǳģʮﲻֻһС
Ҳû취ʯ̫Ѽӹˣӻϰ˵ʯ˵ӹоѡ
ֺʯҲֻие˸ǷӲŻʹãɣڱشһƽҪʹǧĺʯһͥԺҪƽһԷͥԺҪ240ҡ
ֻǵػѣԷѾСģһǮҲֻǼġ
ҪͻȻûеĸƬҲԼȻӹûмӹģҪܶʱ䡣
ʱ˷绨Ǯʡʱ䣬ԶһʱУϲǮǲزū
ûҲûٶʹ
ţһңֱӵĽҵݸӻϰ壬ȻԼóһƤʴ󱳰ʯƬװȥ
ģԳܼǧǰ˸ģʱҪæһЩº㿴ֱӿҪͰ˵һҪֱ˵
Ҳ⣬ֱȻƤ֮ףǰȴкֱܶ࣬ΪΪڿװġ

ӻϰŴͿ㣬°ϾҪѾˣ
ҪᣬΪеıȻֶټǲûУοֱι⣬ûʲôôֱ֮ټΪ
ӻϰ循ȵǣʯƬװ֮󣬽žͽһȻֱӱűߡ
һǧҵĳǲǻˡȻһ꣬ôõصĶ
ӻϰ壬Լվһơ
Ȼǻˣôٽӻϰ૵
ϰ壬ܰɣôٽһǳƻˡСոպӻϰĻȻʹſֵ
û壬һ˵أôôࡣϰ壬㻹Ǻǰһ塭

ӻϰ壬ˣʮڸԻˣȻûǾ˵ǸǺǿ׳ģҰ۵꣬ȻܱһǧĶ
̫˼ˡ

뿪ӻ֮󣬾ӶȥҪһ£ӶѾ񣬸ΪûеºӶᱨӶͻὫĸ
ӶӻһΣ֮ȥӶᣬΪǰ⼸ûиǸоԼƮƮе㲻ϰߡ
ⲻ֪ǲǽзأ
Ӷᣬ㽫ӶݸԱȻܿͼ¼ɣѾ¼ڹˣֻһ£Ǻܼ򵥵顣
ʲô񣿡㱳ű񹫸壬ѰԼʺϵ
Ȼֻ͵񣬿Գ;е·ߣεʱ䵹ǲʮʮ֮һʱ䡣
ϾߣǾ·ҪصɫǲǶԼаоԼļš
һһطҪúòιһ£Ȼǲμ֣ǸۻĶȴ֮٣
У˵ɫΣǿĶȴǧƪһɵģҲɫ
㲻һҪʱ䣬ԼȥѰÿطɫΪҲϽֻ˽ΪҲ֪ԼҪʱ䣬Ҳܿ죬Ҳܾá
ˣȥĥʯͷˣ¼񣬾תȥ׼غҸûֱȽ徻СԺӴĥʯƬ
ڻҵ·ϣһȤ飬Ȼֻ˵ȤģĿʼΪ·߼Ĳѩʱ򣬿һĳ塣
ͣס˽Ų壬СС裬˵ҲſڶŵİϻСףһģ㿴һСǼһҲҡ
ѩſھȻһֻѩҹ㿪ʼΪֻѩҹѩɣϻŹ
ڿеС軹ûлش㣬ֻʼͶѩҹˣҡβǶϤ
ףҪܹôûţѵǿŹ˵ˣǿŻιҾ㣬ٹҾҪˣҪǷɲҵˡһ䱸Ķ׼ѩҹӽԼһ߷ɡ
ѩҹĻ֮Ҳ֪ǲǷΣˣͣȻǸλȥǲҽӽ
ֻϻôԽԽСǼһѵС׵˫̥ãɻ֮ԲΪⲻСףΪ֪ǵطСӲߵģҲ˴С׳
ǰĵȷ룬СײҪ˵ңûӳȴ֪ƶȻԺҪСߵľС׾Ϳ׵ĳң˶ֵĵط
㣬СףС˵Ϊ˵Ҫ˸ϳҰޣȻҲϳСһħޡ
Сף㾪ؿǰѩҹСĻȻе벻ͨȴˣǰѩҹСס
Сףһ£֣ѩҹҲǲ֪ΪʲôСףܵǰҡŴԴ
ҡʲôҡȭͷС׵Դһ£Сף˸˼סţ͵ܳʲôץŵġ
϶С͵ܵģǱ˴ġ
໡
Сίؽе
ʲô㻹Ҷ죬Ӵˣ첻͸ϷˡһС׵Դϡ
ԩ
СײٽˣٽоҪһ¡
ߣһȥ˵һС׵ϣ׼С׻ȥȴһ¡
Сһӱѹ˵ϣܼѺܼѵվ
ǲϳ̫ˣԺ㻹ǼˮɣȥߺƶһùԱʳס
ˣϻһǧﶫ
ͻȻԼѾǰЩӵġࡱǳޱȣ׼ʱ˳ָŭ
СӣϸȻÿߣƶСĳ˿ģһҪΪ˸ۣ


100 Ը
ƶСѩҹ
㱾Ҫ˵ʲôʱͿʼ˼ˣȻ⿴צ˵СǺƶģǾ˵ǺƶĳԭС׳ģܾܿҸ߼档
ѵǴС׵ģ
ΪƶҪ׼˹ҪСתֳȥСףŻһˣϾҪһˣ֪µ˻᲻ˡ
룬צǿı֣ԼĴڡ
Сӣ㻹ǲҪצеʱ߳˼ˣˣѩˣΪ߼Ĳûе㱣ԱôҲ˵ȥ
ڵΪѾֺѩְΧΪ˱Ҳǲһֹƴֵͣ
ķƶһʱ𣬾ͺС׵ıϡ
ѩ׳ȹŮѩϻϣڱѩУһгԣΪܶһмĻ棬ͬʱԶ޷һ档
С׵ݣҲͱ϶ˡ
ȴѩ˵Ǵôѩ˷βܡ
צĻ룬ȴĹԹҾԺôڽϻ졣
֮
СףǲǸźƶģС׵Դû˼Сô˵Ҳ弶ħޣһϻģСȫܳһǧѹ
ֻһʱģûܹѵոԭ֮һС׻ܱһǧôԶ·
һԭ򣬾Լߡ
໡С׿ͷǰǰڿƽˡ
ҸոմˣĲҸϲԵʳ㿪ʼڴѰš
ءжˣոſŵʳζˣ
СڴԼ⣬ǰƶ͸⣬֪ԭʳôĺóԣԼǰôô⡭
ϲԵģһʳС׵
Сˡ
ǧҪᣬⲻǸжᣬƣľȻˮ
ҲɣҲɣϻ
ǣǣǣС׻ǳˮҲ
ѹ£ǺģаԹԣҷΪʲôѹȻͺܸأ
ֻΪո飬оʵǶħʹԼ塭
СΪƶ֣˶ʼעոշƶȥ֮ͱ棬һȺ˵оﶯȫ¶Ⱥ˳ĸϻĶ
ֲܶЩҪӰ죬ΪǸ֣׽ԼҪΪͿʼЩˣϤ֮󣬲ڷƶӰ죬һֻܸ߹ĸϻ˭һ£ҲˣȻ⡣

ʱֳһƬžҶĿСףˮѩҹ˭òƻԵģ˵ģ
ͬʱҵҲˣֻѩҹʶģǾ˵ܿƶСʶ
뵽㣬ѩ˾ȥȷϣȻҪʲôͲˡ
ʱһȴ壬ͷҪһѵΪԼ⣬Ϊˡ
ߣСӣ㲻ڷƶСϣٲݹҲˡצ˵
üһ䣺Сӽ˭
Сӽ㣡צŭ
ŶǡСӣʲô𣿡ƽʵ
͡Ѿ㻰е˼ʼ͵Ц
צһ£ȻͷӦԼСӸˣˣɫһ÷ǳѿߣȻʶ̧٣Ǿ׼Ĺأ
ĹذӦ׼ŶԣҶˣô׼أ˵
ҸĹأצŭûˣȻɷµ̸ԼĹء
ȻĹˣҲҰɣʵ
ᣡ
ԺҵɣܲҲҼһ¡
ԣ㻹ʲôԣһ˵ɣ
˶㲻ҪʲôΪʲôЩ⣬һ˶ܼ⣬ӦûᷢŶԣȴЩ⣬̫ˡ
ܿ죬Ҿ֪ԭ򡭡
ûˣôˣ㶼Т˼ˣ˼Ը˼ңԸӡ̾
ֳúܾܾ
Ҫɱ㣡צŭһӽͳǰȥҪѵȴ˵ô˵ˣתôŭա
צţӽ㡣
ģһѶצĽȻһơ
צɳȥ
飡صצ˹ȥ
˶û뵽սÿ죬ȥҲ죬һоͽˡ
ϻһнüˡ
ʱ˻С׵ԴȻ˵Ⱥƶһȥˡ
С׵ͷڷԭЩ˺̫ˣԼոջǸ֣ˣ̫Կˡ
Ҫ뿪ʱֳ˱仯Щԭվһߵѩһ˵ס㡣
λӣѩˣһ£ȻǺġС׵ǿԲܣһˣǾͲòܡ
ڷȥצ׷ùĻԼ£Ǻ⡣
ԣ˹ָָϵצЩѴ
Ȼ˵鷳ǵԼϣҲһԼ鷳ǵ˵ϣһһ˵Լ飬Լһе
ңֻǲϲ鷳ȴһ鷳ˣϲ֮ܶܶࡣ
ллǻлΣԼЩˣ㹻Լ˵һлл
ܿ죬˽ȥӦ֪ͨצˡ
ͬܿ죬һȺ˳γ˽ЩȻצӣҪӵˣǹһųһ¹ӡ
¹ӳʱ򣬾ͿűצΧм㣬гŭ𡭡


101 ɺϵ
𣿡ǰ¹Ҳʵ׷ʲô£ֱ㡣
ǣ㲻ػص֪¹һǸӵܣһ仰֪ʲô²ʣͱʾֻΪԼһӡ
ͬʱ¹Ҳû£ȫûۿӳ׵֤һԹԼӵӵܡ
Ȼ
ִֻģԼǰ¹Ӻ˵˵һƽ顣
ֳ˶Ϊ㲻ֵȻһʼᣬǺǸ˵ںˣһƾһûС
ǣλ¹ǰ⣬ǳӵܣ㽲Źˣֻ֪צԣ¡
ֻǺܿͿһĻ棬¹᲻µûȴһҲ
ֻ㿴ǰ¹ӣֱӶѩ˵ˣ͹ˣˣ˵߾ߣ¹ӵ¡
СţԴӵܣҪ֪˻϶ûк³һͬȼӵܣӵܹҪñס
ǰ¹ӣ䲻ҲԶˣɫ÷ǳѿǵһμԼһһδɵСӡ
ûжûȥ׷㣬Ϊ˻
վסҼҹӻû˵ߡߵצǽΧס뿪
û˵ֻ֪˵ʲôǷϻģЩҲûʲôô
СףСΧ
ʱСߣʡʡһԭ
໡С׺һһóıϵħͳڴǰ߱ܳȥ
ܻ㣬Ϊ֪ԱϵħߵĹܣԼıϵħȥҲΪʲôһ弶ħ޻ᱻƷԭ
ֻڱϵĽʿűϵħߣԱϵħоȽȽƽ⣬ϵ弶ħޣͻ鷳ܶࡣ
ֻһӣɵľýħƿħԼ߹ȥϵצǡ

Թ۵ڶˣȫΪסˣҺܿǾͷΪż
ǿ󰡣˵˵һֱӷ쭣Žţܶ˶񫣬ûĺΣֻ֪Ǹоˬ
ЩצܿûˣҪӦ׵ıǱֻ䳡ģʵߣͻȻϮ£󲿷ֶеڵϡ
צһأʣûҲûʲôȥֹ㡣
ѩҹ弶ħޣȻոտ޺ھͲͬˣһӾͽôˣȻǸ֣Ҳѵصġצеʵġ
˵СײǺǵģ
ոС׵ֻанңøոûз쭣ȻԼˣͬʱҲҲȥСˣǻΪ
СףȺƶƽʲô¶ûзƵģ꾭ͲҪС
໣С׽һڰͲߣԭЩôԼװױԺ󣬶һü£װˣΨһĺôһԵˮ⻹ࡣ
ȥȴ֪ףΪһûнǸ¹ӣԸоĳ¹ӵʵףЩʵǿģпЩ˼Ҳһˣ竲ûʵ
ߣûô򵥣Ȼϣǰ¹ӼҪȥϰγһԾԶýָĺ󱳡
¹˵ǰ˵Լ棬ڳô˵ǰ棬Լ¡
һ㣬㹻¹ӶɱģոյΪǵüƣһǺİơ
ɱ㣬Ժô㣬⽫ΪҵЦԲģʱ
飡
飡
һŽסԼ·ģڵצһ߿˽ǰ棬ܸɴһһ
ʼգûлͷȫӺǸ¹ӵĽ¹ӻԶĮӵκεĶ¹ΪǣΪ˾Ҫˣӵġ
ܺãҽҪɱˣ¹ֺ˵һ䡣
ʱ򣬴ȴΪᣬΪϻö࣬ʹ˵ôʲô㿴˼ңȻСȴܶ࣬Ҳܶࡣ
ĸɴ࣬˵ʹ˵߾ߡ
˵ôҲûãһ㣬㿴˵ûɣ
ҿһӰ¹ӵĻǼ·ԽԽԶ

¹ӽһӣһʹĽзɳȥĽĽһڱϵħƷҪƷħ
һڱѩµĹң½ϵ˸һǱѩ֮ɳħʯҲܷѩ֮ĳƺȫǱϵħʯ԰ԱϵħʦΪƶһϵĽʿ濤Ǳϵħʦ
ڿ¹ӵĽ֮󣬾֪˲򵥣Ʒħһ˿ӵеģƶҴСõҲֻһѰƷƫмħ
¹޼Ĺӣʨǣܲ𣬵Ȼ޼Ҳֻó
Ҫмиӥ֮ϣ֪᲻֮Ϊ޼塭
ת۾󡭡
γһ˦Ȼֽջʣֻһ˲飬۾һĸͿʲô
ֻǿ¹ӷıԶͻȻˣ׷˵ϡ
¹Ӵһ£ոһȻֻ̽ԵҲɵʵ赭дȥ
֣꾹Ȼһֲ֣ҶԼ˵Ĳԭ޿֡
ǣһΣһΪ񸶳ۣ¹ӿʼ׼ʮɵʵ֣ȴ֪쵽˭㻹Լ
¹ӽһѸٳ㣬һħ

ȻǱһεȴҪ࣬ҼһβԭأٶϻнǶϣҪһԶһЩ
ʱڰ¹ӻûк֣Ⱥ𣬴ļ
𣡣Сŭһ¹ӣȻһԻ㣬Ա𣬿Ծ㣬ȴϲ˶㶯֣ԭԼҲ֪ҲҰ޵ֱɡ
һһܸ߹Ůȴŭ⡣
ס֣죬һʿô˼ұ͵Ϯ
죿Ǹƶ濤пܷչɷ޹ϵܼҹ𣿲ôɰɡ


102 ͬ
ɲ飡
֪߹ǷƶӵеģƶǺͷ濤Զٷһ¸顣
ʱòУҲΪʲôոʱе㲻ˣúõԼĿеŮԷҸʱ̣붼벻һֱȥ
ǣʱȴˣǾˣ竹͵ˣʲô¶ұ˳
ԽԽкû˵㻹ԵĽһǲҪ鷳һ̬ȣϾֱˣֻԽԽ鷳
ڷƶ棬£ӦöͿģ֮ǰһһͿ͵Ϯ㣬ŭˣ붼ûֱӳ
һϾһ飬ɢȥһһαڴҵǰ
ɴΪʵ͵Ϯ졣찵û£Ȼ»˵ˡ
г·ƶԼûߵĲ⣬±飬Բںһ;ϳַ飬һˣпܱȥļ̳Ȩ
һļǲĲ¼Ҫǿɱ˻Ҫء
ƶˣҲ͵Ϯֻλ̽͵˵ͬʱСѾƶлȥˣȻʱѾȥˣֹͣ˹ҲͲټˣԹԵػصƶߡ
Ű첻С׾ϷƶΪ˵ľΪƶҪõĶ࣬ԺԵƶĿ⡣
ҪСأ
˵ĻҲشһˣһŮˣˣһ㣬ŮҪˡ

ҲɣƽʱƶһԺʱֻܷ˵
ôˣΪʲôһܣƶϵˣȻʵҲ˺ܶࡣ
̽ӻλѴҵ£˵ȴԹ뿪Ҿ¡Ϊƶ˵һ˷ƶڹԼȴ֪ƶʵںͬһϵ˵
ΪʲôҪܣƶʵᣬûֵ˼ֻ֪ԭ
ΪͻȻ˵Ͳ֪Ϊʲô֣һϻ𱬿ˣʲô˵
۸СףԾ鷳ʵһ㣬Էһ£ͷ˳ȥʱתŷƶڰ֣ػص
ȻĻ˿˵ʲôһǷƶȴף֪һ·ʱ򿴵СףƽʱԴԴСףͺױ۸Сס
СԼЩ˾ͻ鷳ЩôôôͿСʶģ֪ʵҿˣǸĸҪ㡣
ƶµ꣬ΪƶôϤǾͺܿУΪƨΪֺ죬ҪÿֻȴϷˣҲԼʵ͸ֻбһķɡ
Ҳ˻˼ܼҵˣȴ֪˭Ҿ֪ôǻôϣҲ
ŶԭƶʵҪҪһԷ
ƶ仰һ׳Ҳ֪ʶҹϵǳȻôһͬԷ
ȻԶ֪ƶ·ϣÿͶһԣҳԵĳ뷽ʽ˵Ļһ˴۾
ǰͻƶйϵǸʱһƶȻеߵһӲע⣬ֻҪϸ뵽˵ǺƶСǸʱİΧŵˣո빥Լ㡣
һеһж˵ƶйϵģǸʱŭУûôȥ룬˵ʱҲܽԾͱˡ
ڷƶʳ仰ԲǺԼ˵ģΪոձһԷģǾǺԼС˵Ǹո˵֮ԻᣬѵҲΪСӣ
ʵƶ𣿡
ţƶͷ
ãǾͻȥԷҲһֻҪǷƶѾҵѣոյһо͹ȥˡܴ󷽵˵⵹װģȻǷƶѣʹݵģֻǶ˵˵Ӹոյ鿴㻹һ֣ҪųԷ塣
ֻȴѡԷĸ֣㣬ոմԼƶ˵ʱ⡣
Ҳó˼һţܣ˭Լˬȴûʱ䣬Ҫؼĥʯͷ
ллĺ⣬ˣһȥеҪص
ãô顣仰Ȼ˵ڣ˵ǣ̫ϧˣԺлһԶٷ
ʱԹ۵˶Ϊ鵽ͽˣкϷˣȴʱ򣬷ƶȴһ𾪵Ϣ
ǺãȻؼңһؼ㡣ƶȻ˵ȫûз⻰ֳжĲ룬ж𺳡
㣡ļҡػһ䣬Ȼתȥ
䣡

Ļȴ֤ʵ˴Ը²Ĳ²⣬Ѿסһ𡭡
췴Ӧ󣬾ʵƶס
ǰƶҲû⣬˵Ǻƽ飬һƽ飬ֻǽںңôסһʲôֵġ
ǣȴûпǵ˵뷨ҲǸЩʲôƶʵĳ񣬶ô˵뷨뿴
СӣȱߣҪһѻ˵ס㣬ҲòոˣҪصһʼĻ𱬡
Һûʲô˵Ҫ˵ͺͺƶ˵ףֲסֱӻصֱָƶγԷʡף
˵֣ƶͻȻеһһֺܵĸооȴһţǲǴ


103 ܾ
üոҲֻһʱ嶯סϾͺˣΪ飬ô֮ͥ˵
ֻһᣬԼͻᱻ˵ûжʱڷƶ濤ǰô˿ŵ¡
ģǾ͸ˣԼסĶѾһͬӣһ⼸죬ڸڡסʱ棬ҲìܣҪȥԼ顣
ˣʵĻģʣ˵
ụ̂ʱȭʵΪһ߼ӵܣϻǺܻġ
㣬ϰӶסںҵӶеһԱܹԼףÿµ̬жԵĸ߹󷽣ոոҵӡȫͬ
ˣ濤Ϊ֮һȫ벻ͨһôͻȻı仯Ըȫĸо
ҲֻзƶΪȻΪ֮ǰĽǧѰϣͿ߹һ棬ֻҪԸ⣬ͿԵñκ˶Ҫ߹һԸ߹ƵȲϡ
飬ʾֻǲĵϣұ˿һ㣬ͬҲһ㣬ȻҪԭڷʣװҲװҶװαˡ
ȴ֪̺˿˷ƶ⣬Ҷ뵽һ棬߹ʣƶС㵹Ǻ䡣
˶ԼͬĽƶһԣͬʱҲʷһԱȣôҪƶܶ࣬ϣڸ˲ϣ䲻ǵķƶС㡣
ֻǡ
ǵģǱҵģסҼǺͻõӶסһ𡣡ƶҲˣˣƽʱҲȥͣ壬ȴᡣ
ƶǸ·Ͼ棬нǼҾˣתǸӶ쿴ŷƶʵֵʱ򣬾͸еһȣЩ޳ǴľǷƶ濤Ϯ¼оһǣǧĴ档
ҪΪʲô֪ǼҵľӣѾ˽֪ܣֻûеƶѡ
ֻΪܼҵĹӣ֪Ķһ㣬Ȼ֪Ĵ棬ȴֻ֪һӶ˭Ͳ֪ҶֻǴ˵Ӷ¼¼
֪㣬˶֪ӶᲢû͸¶κεϢӶҲһ֪֣֮ҲǴӷĿе֪ƶûͬ½Ϣ͸¶ˣĸĸҲһΪĸĸԹһʱ䡣
ΪڳĻ֮󣬶ؿ㣬Ҿ˵ûô򵥰ɣȻǸӶ
ĺ꣬һ͵꣬ô˾춯ص飬ȻӢ۳ꡣ
ֻո˵ʲô˵ԼǸϰӶ̫˼˰ɡ
ƶûлشڿ㣬֪˼ǲǿԻش⣬ҡҡͷ̫˹עȻʱѾ˵Ľ㡣
ƶյϢ֮󣬾̻شԲҲܻش㡣
ƶոյΪѾʵУɫѾˣúѿƶͺһжҪĻ˵仰Ҫ˼⻹⣬ƶȴûлش
⻻κһˣһѶԷΪԼŮ˵ˣɫⲻǵԼѿң⻹ǡסʱ򡭡
棬ش𡣡
ңҲܻش𣡡һ£ѡƶͬĻش
ʱͻȻЦˣȻ˵ãܺãδӣʲôԼѣһܼ֧ң˵ҲˣǾͶ顣
ʲôʱ˵£ƶ濤ﰵȴûзΪⲻεĿģܼ֧ʨҡ
ֻ֣ΪʲôͻȻıڷ磬Ҫ֪ǸոһˣҲ˿ûϱ̬һֱǹҶ
ǵ֣ڳۿҲһ֣ܼҹƺ̫ˣôת棬ոջȴ
㣬ǲǸˣҶл·ϱƶͷʲôҪæģңֻҪһġ֣׼ֻ֣ǲ֪֣Ժͣʾʾ
üתڰеʣһֵ˼߻ȥߵƶǰŷƶ
εվ˫۶㣬ŭŭһҪɱСӡ
ƶĿ㣬֪ҪʲôҪʲôǲҪ˶飬ԳԴˣҪֹ·
ʱķƶС¹ϳֺΣ̬ò񻰡
ƶҲһ˵ɵˣôܻ飬ǼˣҲܣοֻǶ顣
һ¼סһ𲻱ҪᣬһԸ
ܿ죬ƶԼսռģո̬Ҳڣڳ˺ǸоΣǿˡ
ƶԷƶнзʽڴҵǰ֣Ժ󣬴Ҷ֪һ꣬ƶߵŽС
εǲΪ棬һλ㵽ո֮ǰ֪飬ŵϾͳȥˣû˸߹Ҳûʹ
ոΪֻһͨ׶ѣ˵һƽ飬һֻһϤԷĿʼɲɻҪ˫˼
ڣȻȻ֪ƶͷ濤λΪʲôʲôɫȴ֪ƶûȥȡһһܼ֧ҵ
ƶɬһЦ㣬ǲҪһޣǲǿңΪԳԼĸ顣
ҡҡͷƽػصǣΪ˼ҿԷԼҸֻ˵ôῴ𣿡
ƶɫ仺˺ܶ࡭
㻮ޣ֮䱾ˣֺٻޣ
ƶɫֱˣЩ࣬ﰵҾ֪ΪʲôһҪ룬֮䱾ûйϵֻһǰһ𣬶ûˣҲûйϵˡ
ǣܿ죬ƶֱˣһŵӣΪ
Ҫ㣬ܾɣ
ƶһС
ţ˼ҵ˼ҵġδޡΧ۵˶Ĵָֻǲеˣ


104 ˷ѿˮ
㣬˵ʲôƶʵԼǲˣȻԸôԼ
ܾһ˵
㣬û𣿡ƶȷԺ󣬾͹ĵʵֻе㲻Ծ
΢΢һЦûҲ㸶پͻõ٣ô࣬ͬҲرˣֻǶеĮģеĮҲǶ޹صˡ
ͬʱҲһжرػˣƶȻﻹ޹صˣģҲǼڱҪʱỹ
ڣΪǸûʱ򣬸һ·ƶ
竹Ӳʺ㣬㣬޸һڣƶ֪֪һֱ̬ˣϲŰԼţ˵һô׵飬ȻǸ竹ӣǴû˵ŰŮˣһ˵Ů˶Ըġ
òҲǲŸոʶ죬ô֪أ
Ҳ̫ţ˰ɡǵŮˣֱӵ¹Ʊ붼ûȴɴˡ
˵ʲôﱾүǱ̬үŰˣСǲǻˡ컹̵סˣɽʼˣҴǰħֶѾ¶
ƶ˼һᣬȻ˵˼ףѾĴ㣬ΪƽսǣΪ˼ˣҿһСף˵ո֮ͻȻı⣬뽫ԼȢţԺŰԼˣԱԼ˸ոն̬ȡ
ǣȴò
ƶ˿Ϊ˶ҲҪΪԼ֮һжڣһжòҪֻҪþʣڣĶÿǡ
˵֮󣬾ת˵һ𾪵ػ
ΪΪʲô˲ΪΪʲôһҪһУΪ¾ֻſԽһµĽܶ࣬Ҳúܶһ˵ȷԽ𣿡
λܽʲô£ֻʱֻмСֲܽ⣬ҿԿ϶˵ΣʲôܽķΧ
˵һ仰
ҵģǻԼͲҪνЩȨ֮ʺ㡣
ĻҲֻŻ˵ĮһУ˽ȴʵĻڳʵ󲿷ֶȴûл˵Ϊ±˻ῴԼƲνµ
Ե˵仰֮󣬾ܵһȺʿıӣһû⣬ӵ
ƶ˼񾭹һҵ˽ս̾һȻ˵жãԷſһУϧȴ㣬һǲܷſ
ãɣ㲻ٷϻתߣ˵ĶѾ˵꣬ʣµĶǷƶԼ顣
ѣ˵ˣҲûʲô˵ġѵҪƱȥ˲Ը飬ǿκˣصʱ
ʱ㲻£ҪߣȴߣǾŭ죬ͺҪ㡣
߿Ŀޱ˵
СˣҪ׷ƶɵֶԸңˣ㻹ƶ׿ԼļңԼĹңһǧˣΪҾҪɱ㡣ʱ侲Ѿ֪ʲôȥԷ㡣
ɹûʵģŴ󲿷ֵ˶֧졣
߿㻹ͬĻû˾жҲһǹҲһ
Ȼ˵ҪУʵ㣬ȴ˿κεڵѾǸոھҲҲһ˵ĺôʱضߡ
Ҫ˵ʥ۹κһң޷κεΪһֻͨҪЩֳ׷ľǧҲߡ
Щ֣ôܻ棬ȥ׷һԼô꣬ԳȻǲֵܳġ
УǳˣҲа취Եֵ
ʵ׷ɱҲһУԽǼˣԽΣյ£ᱬǱʱܿԽ׷ɱʵҲԽ졣
ȻֻǼ룬׻᲻֣Ǿͺ˵ˣ
νҪҪɱ㡣ýָ㡣
ܸɴİνһ˶İνʽֱӹİνʽ
ϻԸҪɱɱҪʹ
첻ϰķʽϰִȻ˵һҪ˵ķʽһæңæջؽյصסһ
㲻أȴûʱ䣬ΪڶѾˡ



һ˲䣬Ѿ߽ûмϣ˵ĻᣬûеĻᣬֻæҵڵֵ
ĵֵò˶þͻᱻƣ׼ȷ˵ͻᱻɱˣ㱾ʵҪߣռȻԲſʮڽܡ
еĽɣֻֻܵܿĽԼԸеһһɱԼԼֵ
һ̲ŸоԼǶôһҵΣˣûпԵֵסʵֻ
ʱĸ߰ȫƣܺڵΪʲôҪܾɸֱΪʲôΪЩֻԼҪȥôһȻ˳⣬ȴõķ
ǸʱΪԼʵѾԱ˵Ҳû˸ڰ޳Լ֣ȴû뵽ˣĮһеˡ
ס֣ƶеոһз̫죬һûзӦͻĽۼҪɱ졣
ʱƶȴ֪ҪɱһˣԲΪκ˶ͣ£һס֣Ƕġ
Ȼ㻹ǼһмͣҲûУһʱ䡣

ҽУѪǰһܳܳ˿ڣһڵϣѪһء
Ѫû˿ڣҲǳ׵͸꣡
ҪɱԼˣκ˶ǣӶһֻҪɱˣԲŹ
㽫һ˦˦Ѫսʣƽ˵ܼҵˣǵĹھвʬ
ţ»ڷˣ뿪
֪ҪҺα˷ôˮ


105 е

ֳ˶һĻסˣôҲ벻һ֣˾Ȼڰ޳ֱնɱܼҵүһĸɾ䡣
Ϊ˰ƶɵɵĿѪе죬ߵʱ򣬶ûǻѡ
ֻصµǾ仰ֻҲҪǷӦŻ
һ֮󣬷ƶһ̾һߵķ濤棬ȥ㣬Ҫڳҹ䣬ؼҡȥһܼң˵
㣬Ҹô죿
ƶüͷ΢壬֪ܼ˵Ȼ˵ξ˵һξһȫһأýɱˡ
ܼһᱨ
Ϊ˻ܼҵĳޣͱȥܼҾ˵øոЩ˵צȥ˵һͼӴףе鶼˵Ĵˡ
ȻȥҲֻǰѻ˵˵ôôһ¿Էֺܶ˵˵ͬЧҲͬҪô˵ˡ
ΪȷԼ֪Ĺϸƶ֮ѩЩˣһʼͿķչ֪Ҳš
Ҫʷƶ濤Ϊʲô˵Ӧò֪ҲЩ£Ϊ
ԭѩȥ֪ͨƶȻ֪˭ȴ֪ƶйϵͬʱҲ˽Ը˷ƶСǾͲˣΪ˰ȫֽ֪֮ͨŸ߷ƶ
ƶС׺ܡȡѾ³˿㣬ǾͼһͿڱϮ㣬ͳһŭʣԺ飬Ͳ˵ˣҶ֪ˡ
˽ϸ֮󣬷ƶȥܼңмԵؽ˵ףôɣҲֻǾܼұȣܼұֶΣϾδļɱˣ̵סŭȥˡ
ƶõĿڲţҲ޷¸˵ƽˡ
ƶ˵֣ûΪԼȥ֮ͣǰĿģ£ӦþŶԣԼǣ棬ܼҵ˶ԼԹޣпܼƫǻңһεĶʨʧܵĿܡ
ǰһҲҪﵽĿȫͬҲΪһеķΧĴڣһйصģͲˡ
Ⲣ˵ҪļҪֻгͻͲ֪ôȥõİ취ֻǲƫ̻ûΪϣҲûΪƳȥֵ
ֻǾмƽ⡭
ƶ˵ľܼҵļûеףŭ죬ǺƽؿŷƶȻ䵭˵֪ˣܸлƶֶŮصعԭԭĸǣǻᴦֶŮذɡ
ƶ˿ܼҼҲû˵ʲô͸ȥٳܼ֮ͼС׸ϻȥһ·С׺ХúܶΪ֮զࡣ
ƽʱȱ£仹¡
صУƶܿӻĿе֪Ѿڷ濤ͬ»˾һһƽʱȥģҲľСͥԺ档
Ҳûжʲôƶ̴Сһ·ܹȥͲ֪һЩҪ˵ģȴûȥע⡣
ƶһСͥԺԺмʯߣĥʯͷӻƽ
ƽƶȴż㣬ʰһ£뿪޳ǣ뿪صǣֻҪǧѰڣܼҾͲܰ
ֻܼǰĴ壬˱ĹӰٺܶ࣬ԽԶԽûӰԶӰͲ˺ܶ࣬ĽƵԱƽ¡
˵Ե޹ɱʣܼҵǿ⽻ֶȥĹҽ㣬ҵȻΪûĹȥһң㲻æ׷Ҳܼҵ׷ɱ㡣
ô˵Ҳþûʵɱ죬ܼ޷ͨ;ȥ׷׷ɱ㡣
ĽǧѰֻ̬ȣҲñ˶һ£ο£ԻὫ㱣ĺúõģһ¶
ֻҲҪԸ£ҪŮ˵ı𣿲ҪһʼΣԼûҲΪֹҪ˵ı仹Ůˡ
кȥҵڡ
ȿȣȻֵȼ۽ı㻹ǻҪģ˱ԼԼȥ˽⣬Ƿ
²㻹һеӣĥʯͷʱеĺʯƬǷԼ룬Ҫٴĥһ¡
ô߲ܲˡƶҪˣڶʲôʱˣȥŪʯͷֻʱûע⵽
Ѿ߲ˣ㵭ػص
ô֪ƶ˵ȴ˵ȥˣڲſԺﲢֻ濤һȺҵľӢΣӵŭԼˡ
ոżֻĴڣߵķ濤ûֺοˡ
˲Ǳˣĸĸס
ףĸףʲôʱģһ侲ķƶʱҲеˣʳһܱܱ⡣
ʲôʱ򡭡е˵һˣֻֻСӣûп
⡭ƶִ˺ټı顪죬ƽʲô£ָܱ߹̬ļǰҲһ
ΨǰֺܳڼŮ飬ͨŮϲŭֶȻıֳҲ·ϣſԼģγɵһϰߡ
죬ܿͷӦǵԼĸЩֵԭж˴𰸣ǿȷԼõǶǴ
ǲҪҪܼң
ҡҡͷеֵ˵ô£Ϊһ֮ôôͿҪˣôȥܼҽ֪ǷСˣʱŭ֮תȥǼңǾͻᴦھԵơ
ʱ򣬰޳ĽţһºҶյϢиοô飬ĸҲһȥûãȺյնɱϢصҵϢҲ֪֪ͬסںҵӶ
£ǰ뿪Ȼܼ֮ᣬǻڵһʱ㣬ƶĸĸҲҪ濤Ŀ֪顣
ǾͳһĻ


106 ɱһӰ
ĥĥĥĥĥ
ררĥʯͷڷƶĸֱԼΪСӵĻֱӹ˵ʵ£Ҳһƺ
˵ǽԼСӣӣһģһƺѣ˼һΪЩ
ںҵЩˣƶĸĸһƾ֪ʲôҲȥǡ
ΪҲشȫз濤Żش𼸾䣬ԷƶĸײеƢֱӳƺΪСӡ
ƶҲ⣬ֻüȻе嶯޷סǵĿˣҲǲסôȥ
ƶָĸĸǺγ֪ԴסԼҵĿˣ˵ȥȴݲǿЩֻ
ơ̾ס¾޹أȴƫƫסǼңɱƫƫܼҵˣΪ˲ܼҵŭ֮ȥǼҺԸǣʨҴƣһὫܼҵˡ
ĽԺҶܼ˵˵õİ취һ԰ܼңһԵõɱ֣ԸԸ⣬ҵûпǣǴûġС˻Ρ
ûУС
УΣѵΪͿΣĳ룿ƶ붼û룬ֱӴԡ
ͬص㲻ҲΪ˰ƣԼҸһϰӶѣΪʲôԼŮҸʲôҪˣֺοС
ǼϰӶûǺҵˣҲǰˣûбҪΪ˲ɵƶͬʱ仰ҪǱʶȫͷͬһᲹһ仰ǰˣҲһΪɵ
ȻˣԼŮȻײԼǴûе飬ѵԼŮϲСӡ
ŭʵԼңȴԸǲ˵ԼҪҪҲҪ
ǣҲҪҲΪƶܼᶨػش
شһ䣺Ǻ֮䣬һѡǣ
䰡߱ѡһļ⣬һһͿ޷ش𣬱ֳĬ
ƶĬˣ⡣
˵ǣȼ׷ʡ
ŷƶı֣ı飬úҵ˶ˣȻ⣬ϾΪƶĴ̼Ƿƶľͺˣ˭Ҳûƶһ棬ᷴȣ˵
ҼƸüͷĸŮɺͳǰǰ󳳴ֵģҪֹˣûп֮ǰѾĹֹĸŮս
ǳûУûеĻ͸ҳȥĮǿӵһƶȵġֱ̫ߣѾ޷ˡ
СӣʲôʸҳȥҵļңӦҽȥ㲻ҪҸˡһҲ׷ʷƶָС̫ɺˣȻ
бҪһ£ߣͰ˸ȥɤˣԲܿԺӡ˵ڣǿԳȥˡ
˶ؿ㡣
˭ˣСӣǣȫǷΪУʲôʱ£㡣
ǹ޳ܵģ԰鵹˵
ͬʱҶ֣ͷƶʲôϵˣӦȲŶԣֻѣǷƶżİΣ˵֮Ϊ˶ԷԼ̬ȴ˵ֻͨѡ
⵽ʲôĹϵ벻ͨʵ벻ͨ
㡭ָ㣬Ѿ˵
ʲô㣬ҪΪǺסңʱߡΪûǻԴûǻӵΪһʹҲܲ˵ţ㲻ܼ֮ǰͻȻʧ٣͸ҳȥ
ĲǣһͿǵغҿܻľ棬ȴǻʲô£ҪĶϣŹһֱͱϣ˿֡
ֻҸȫĵطסţ޳ȫģʱ뿪޳ǣҪһ£ԲӱܣҪȥ
ȻΣĻͿԽսԵתơ
ߣҽôͻȻʧ٣ߵ
ͬػصԿҪ˵û㣬Ҿͻʧ٣ܵʥ۹ǰҲȥơ
㡭һα˵һûа취ԣ˵ģǵʱ鷳ˡ
ž˵ı֣ҲΪֻڴţ·ϣһˣýתһܺ˵뿪˼ҲóһҲǺпܵġ
㣬ôĸ˵ƶɵó֡
ˣȥҲ˵ʲôˡӻ֣Ȼּĥʯͷ
ƶ׼һΣΪһ˵ĸףĸףô˵ҵ¡
Ȼ֪Ϊʲô˵ƶȰĸ뿪ԼžͿԡ
ΪոֵҲûʲô˼ǻŷƶȻ˵Ҫžͻᰵ飬ȻΪ˱ǻص㿴СͥԺһֻСҲɲ
ѵСҲҪ
˶ԺԺֻʣ㣬ƶͷ湫ʱС裬ʱ򣬷ƶ㣬ΪʲôҪɱ죿
ƶɲΪΪԼҸȥɱ죬Գ׵Ľ£һԼͷ涼ü޸Լϲˡ
㵭ػصҲһҪɱҵϡ
ɱһȴҪɱˣΪ𣿡ƶʵ
صҪɱңҲ˵Щ˳ɱңɱԼһҪɱҵˣΪʲôã
㲻ɱٿԻһ£ʱ뿪ûа취ˡ
ֻԼǱڵΣգΣ֮£ҲΣմڡ
ˣ˵ЩҲûˣɱѾɱˡҪǣҪúôȥӦܼҵı
㵭˵ĸ֡
ɱһӰ٣


107 ŮӶǰ
ѵΪƶʵ
ɱһӰ٣Ҫɱ˭Ҫȥ˭ܼҵĹѾɱˣѵ˵㻹ܼҵļҲɱˡ
ֻ볹׵Ľ£²ϲβͣȻʼˣǾҪס㲻ôػش仰ûгϣҲûзϣֻһָоΪȥ
ôô侲һҲǰ㣬ɱһһǧܵ治Ҷ㣬ҲֹͣЩ˷̼ܵҡû뿪鱾޹أ㻹ǳ뿪ıȽϣҸĸǱߣһȰ˵һʱ䡣ƶЩż˵ףǰԸ񣬲ӦŶԣΪʲôһλô֡
ѵΪ뵽ƶһϣȴֺš
ɱһУУһֱɱǲҶΪֹ仰䣬û˿ĸ飬ȫûз仰Ƕô˺¡
ƶʱַԼе㲻˽㣬ǰֻǾĮȴᣬΪѣ˴еһ¡
濤ʶ뿪һ㣬Ͳ˽㣬쿴Įһеնɱ죬ее㺦£ڣָоˡ
ˣҲذɣһ˺úðһ¡㿴յ˵ֵͷĥʯͷ
ƶĬ˺һ֮˵ðɣȻҲ㣬һǻһ·ʲôʱҪ뿪ҡ
죡΢΢һЦȻ˵֡
ƶһ£Ϊһ΢ЦӦ֮Ҳͬһ΢Ц㣬ϣǸʱѾͨˡ
˵֮󣬷ƶ濤һ뿪߰Ͳ뿪ҪΪܵƶУһӶߣܲס⡣

С裬ȥСͥԺж˿š
㣬ʮΧ
ԽԽãһʧ

ڷƶ뿪֮СԺֻʣС裬ѾľСͥԺͱøӵľ
ȻҪȥĳĥʯͷȻСȴʣľг
磬СͥԺʵʵĺһǶǸоܲĥʯͷĦȷǺܣͨ˵ĻôԶҲСܶ࣬˵ǺҵľӢôͨˡ
ʵߵ˲ܳΪӢʵԽҲԽ
ֲȥڻһ˰ɱΣⲻ˵Ц
ǺǾͶɹһȽܵ磬Ϊϣ͸ͣ˰ɣû뵽ڳԹ󲻾ãĥʯֿʼˣҳҹ
ãͨﵩģȻǾͻɱĳ嶯
ҪƽʱĻҲôֻҪԼʱȥͻһ˻ϣʱ򱻷ľͲԼǺһˡ
ȴһȻ˵Ҳְ࿴أΪӦͻǶСͥԺϵͥԺпϢ
ˣ㻻඼õ
󣬾ͣˣǶһִڡ
峿һ޺𣬽ҵˣסˣţܶ˶ͬʱ˵һ仰
Ǹ쵰ҽУò˯
Щֱޣ⻹ò˻쳳һ컹ĻӲҪ˸ѡ
Ҫɣ޺֮㣬󣬾ͻȻһ쳤Хĳ嶯
µһ죬µĿʼҪӱŬ
벻Ҳ˵Ѫ־Ļ⣬ϴеķƶĺ֮󣬲ɵһȻЦš
Щ⻰֮󣬾ϱɫֻΪӱŬⲻ˵ҪŬĥʯͷ
ûˣ
ȷеźһ㣬ĥʯͷˣ
ҺʯͷеĻһҹոջϢĻﺰĻ
££峿ĥʯͷͷʹĸȻѾģȴĴĶС
ҸСӣ

㣬㻹ĥʯͷһ쵽ĥҪʲôƶһʳСͥԺ֮Уʳصõͣ͵סȻԼù
ԼҲûгԹƺѾϰһԷһϲֹһ޾ĳš
ԣͬʱҲԺŹϡ
ûǸеԾһ͹͹Ǿˣһţ롣
Ϊ˸õУص۾Ѿʳз⡣
˰ɡȻҲͣЩصóģϲԵģзҲ㡣ƶʳʳһһİʯϣȻʯڵģ⻹
˭ν˵һ󣬾Ͽʼɨϵʳ
ƶҲһһ㣬Ȼ;ؿԶֱ㽫ȫԹ⣬ݸһ־֮ſʼղŵĻ⡣
ո˵Уôһ£ܲܽңƶзһֱú棬ͬʱҲ׷Ĳ˦ԶԶ
㣿㲻ʣϾһŮӡֱӻص
ΪʲôŮӾͲԣǲǿǣƶе㲻˵˵
شŮӶǰģķŮֽű֡
ƶԼֽţеùˡ
ȫ⡭
ƶһԼȫǼʲôӣÿֲ
Ҫһ㣬زܻûˣҪǡ
ƶ˫ֱأҪ˵ˣҲˣ
΢΢һЦһϵͬʱ˵ʵи˵㲻һҪѧҵģԼܽһʺԼе·
ţԼģǿ似仰ҼǵáƶͷʵĲ뿪𣿡
һһĴ𰸡ص
ðɣôľҶ㣬Ҳ£ȻҾͲټǧѰˡƶ˵ļ
Ѿ¶ģԼҲҪ㰲ȫ뿪
ʱһϢ١
濤кţƶƶ㲻ٵСˣܼѾˣ


108 ̵ܼ
飡
濤ԺţոһϢòʹϣϢ󣬾ͼĸϹֻϢ÷ƶķȥܶࡣ
һͿԺŽգź鼱֮£ֱӳƺΪСӡ
ǳ;ͳͣʲôô棬˭
ûãžʹˣڳһɻķƶ
˵ʲôܼôˣ
濤˼ԱָոձܹˣȫˣѾû˻С㣬ʲôʱߣҲٹˣĸĸҲܡ
Ƚѻ˵ƶüŷ濤Ŵϡ
ƶ÷濤ȿˮϢһº󣬲ʵ˵ɣô£
ϵڷ£ڵľ濪ʼȫˣѾʨǻҵԿܼҲˣǻڵ濤ˣһ󲻵Ϣ
˵ֻܼҽⳡȨ֮ûʲô֣ܼҰһ֣ɿҵģܼȴΪ˭޷ȿԤ⵽ġ
ѵ˵նɱµĴ̼ܼұòˣ
ƶһʱ뵽ΪԱȽϴܼҵļܴ̼ˣľ
ʵϣȴˣʱ򣬲ŷ鲢е򵥡
ʲô£ƶʵ
濤һһߺ޷Ӧ㣬شǼͻȻ뻢ҷĿڽ賿͵Ϯ˻ңûʧأһҹ֮һ
ʲôƶȵ
Ǽô͵ϮңǲڽǼһ˻ңôʨҶԿΪԶֱ
㻢ʵٲҲһʱǼҲӦˣôҪȵ֮
Ƿƶĵģֻһ£ܼʲôϵǼ͵ϮԺоԼֻкôûлܼҵͲһˣϵڵ״
֪ΪʲôǼһ͵Ϯ𣿾ΪܼңԭܼҲǱϵıǰƣɣȨ濤һα÷ƶզϢ
ǸɱˣȻǰװ˵ΪıԼҵ˵ӣǵʱǸôںֵĵز濤̾ͬʱҲˡ
ôƶüˣȻˣֹǾˣҲˡ
˵ģԼͽ⣬ֺαȥν˵ģҪˣֻܸԼʹ࣬Ϻް
ѵӦĻҲʺ֮ôӵˣѵҪң
ƶĬˣȥԺľ棬ԼǲǸ˳εȦӣǲԺѧԺٻȥһ
ѾǰִŴơ
濤֪ƶЩΪƶ£ܼôΪһǼңֽ˵Ǽ֮ȥ͵ϮңΪڰܼһһܼһǼҵսܾˣҾͿеõ档
Ŷԭôһ£Ҫ̡ƶѾˣѾ޹ˣȻܼǵǺҾͲΪ㡣
濤˵ȥ˼ʣôֵģ˵ǶûпʼֻսǻܼҵĹϵӦô͸ˮ棬ǼҷֲŶԡ
濤˵֪𣿾˵ŵңܼҵĲر˹ˣ˾Ǵ½ĵ֪Ľܼңصܼұ⣬Ľܼұȫա賿Ǽ͵Ϯҵ飬ܼҵ˻֪ԼıѾ˰ա
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ԣ£ܶ˶ֻΪһֽͣϢǼٵģƶҲ⣬ΪϢǼٵġ
ҿʼҲΪǼٵģ¾ҵȷϣܼѾŭϢֻҪ˭ץͿԵõܼһĲƲ˵ϢԴˣ濤˵ţУΪʲôǼ֪ܼҵĹϵ˽ܼҵܻԼ͵ǼңҲһ˭ͽǼҲֻ֪֪ԼͻȻǼҼǰ
ҲǸ𣿡ƶʵ
֪֪Ļ˶˵ˣ֪ΪʲôΪ˭¡Ľ£ҶˣҲҵļˣܾܿս濤񲢲ǲǻս޹أ˵ǱĹңļ壬ġ
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ǵģȻˣȴƣƽϢֻʱ⡣ƶ˵Ҳٿ뾲һ£һ𣿡
ֱӵػشܣһҪУĿǰǲǡһõӶţԻʵҪҸȫֻҪȥͿԡ
ǾˣУһѧһҪʱĳ㲻ҪϡƶҲ˵ʲôֻ㻹г
½ÿ˵һҪһ£ĳ֮أΪпܻõ뷷⡣
Ȼû壬õ뷷ĻἸΪ㣬Ǻͨƽһڽϴ񣬽ף
ȻһˣԵõһеȨȻҪ
ðɣһġһᣬȷûн·ϣ˵ֻһʽ֮һģʽû
ãǾһҪƶ̵˵һ㣬ͻԡ
Ҳں£Ӱ֪ԶǣǾ͵ԼԺܾ޷ڼ


109 ħʯ
棬£ǺһѧԺƶŷ濤΢Цʵ
濤ҲûʲôֱӻشҺһҲ£ȥҲȥ
Ǻãȥһųû뵽ŸոǹҪǻȥƶ΢΢һЦֻϡ
ΪһλԼԺҲ޷ٻصѧԺȴǶԷˣԼֿԻȥ
ΪܼһԼҵȴһ
ҲãȻȴҲͬʱǼҵǣ֮£Ҳ͵һȥʨһһ壬Ǽܼ޷ҺѾҪǵ顣
ҲĽֳ֣Էƶ˵һĽ֣ǿԹǰӣĽǧѰ¶һѧϰ밬似ԡ
㣬ƶȥʱͻȻͷһ䣬ܾ̫ɣһֵֺĸоΪЩ¶Ϊ
ȥĻص
Ŷ֪ˣƶ΢΢һЦȻ뿪ˣȥ֮󣬲ûȥʻ÷濤֣Ȼ֪ƶΪʲôҪȥˣѵЩ¶ģôܣ
ȻˣĴ֮£ӦȥʻŶԡƶǺͿʵƶ㲻֪ȥˣΪʲôҵĻ
ƶ΢Ц֪ȥʿѾ֪Ҫ֪Ĵ𰸡
濤׷ƶĻں棬ȥѯһ»õĴһֱԺû뿪һֱҹĥʯͷ
ʻǲǿԿ϶һֱ棬еŭ濤⣬ⲻǵĹ
濤һֱԺû뿪˵һ˫۾⣬пܣʮˣʮ˫۾ʮ˫䣬ֻҪһ紵ݵ;ͻϷ֣򲻿ӹǵ۾䡣
УĥʯͷʱǿԿӰӣһֱû뿪
濤֮ⷬ󣬾һ䣺ĥʯͷĥʲôʱ򣿡
賿һˡ
ǲ˼ˣǼҪܳȥ£ȻϾͻ᳷ˣڳ֮ǰһҪš濤˵ЩͿƶ㿴뿪ˡ
ƶЦЦû˵ʲôֻ濤뿪ȥһȥĸĸǰѿ˳ˣЩ࿴һ㣬ȻԼ֮ǰѾ뿪ˣǾͻеͷʹ
濤һ·֮󣬼ƶû˵̲סʵƶǲڻЩµˣҲˣ賿һ֮ǰһֱڷĥʯͷЩ¶Ƿڰҹ֮ǰģġ
棬Ҳû˵ģ²˭ģ޹أǲȥܣҲȥ롣ƶص
仰Ҳͬû˵ġǾǻشȴǻشĻ֮󣬾Ѿ֪𰸣Ȼ֪ô뿪ģ֪ôҵߣ֪ôЩµģȴܿ϶Щ¶ġ
ǣû뿪һܸɴĻش𣬶ĻشֻΪƭԼ˵ѻԼûз񶨣Ҳûп϶ǽƵϡ
Ȼ㲻Ը˵⣬ƶҲʣһԸԼͻ˵Ը⣬ȻԶ˵Ҳֻǰʡ
Щ£ƶںܺһ£Ϊʲôܼе췴ܼʾʵûѵ˺ܶࣿ
ܼҵȷʵһ׼˺ֻܶ࣬ȴǱɽòΪ
ǵıʼ֮ʱעһ죬Ϊһ¶ʨǼҶŹǣֻܼǵ档
ڵܼңȴǺεϳҪǣʨǼңǲϳĻǾֻеʨҳԵǼҺԸܼңȴγһ㶦ǣƵľ档
ΪһʨҶǼҶ֣ҪǵܼǲǻڴǼҲһҪԷʨңһǼҺˣʱܼҾԿԳԵԼΪӮҡ
ܼұ׼㣬ûлң㱻ʶƣҲΡ
ֻ֮Ϊ׼Щһҹ֮ȫûˡ
ûǱĳȫչˣһ㲻
쵰ϰ˸ҳ۸ٵĴۣҪҰҳܼҵļڷŭɥ֮ʹҲ侲ˣȴڴɼжô⡣
֮ԿԼƻȨֻΪһħʯħʯϢ׼һУʱؽзѡ
췴µʲô©ϢҪ췴Ҫ׼װսʣĶҪˣǾԲܵ顣
ǣһֿЩϢֵİ취ַԺܶ࣬ǶһķգΨһְ취Ժ޷գǾӵһһеƷǬ֮Ʒ
һ˵ƷħӦúܶŶԣǾʹˣֻ飬ĿռƷΪ㡣
ռ䲢ôײģ
Ϊ㣬ҲûУһһִȻģκμӹƷҲһ£ռ䡱ֻܶ컯ܲС޷ġ
ƷħʯϡеĿռϵħʯħʯԴκεɵĴСҪħʯĴСʲôû֪
Ϊʵ̫ˣĿǰΪֹֻſռϵħʯ⻹Ǽܼ֪һţ֮ǰֻſռϵħʯо
ܼõħʯ֮󣬾ϲ񣬲СĴĿǰΪֹֻܼһСҪԱ֪ôһħʯԼ
ħʯһֱܼҼߣαװɱʯһ鱦ڲϣ˿õҲǿԴҡ
ֻû뵽ĳ˶ԴȫûȤֻ⡰
ĳڵõħʯ֮󣬸Ǹ˵ķⲻһֱҪõĶΪ˱ʾˣΪ˿һ£ΪһħʯһܼҵĲرա
ΪܼҵħʯˣǼҵĲƱرħʯ棬Ҳһᱻĳ˵õʡһˣ

ŪһűʯһߵС˵С裬˵űʯʲôȽϺãָҪŪ׹˴׹òһʱС


110 Ϊ
ǧףƽӼǧףҪĻƽͺˣ˽ˣǰõġ̾һȻּ˵š
ƽʿǧѣսǧѣʯһǧѣ֧򣬿Ժûм֧ˣֻЩ֧̫˵㣬ûа˵ĺá
ϻǴʦʦصΪ죬Щ֧õ־ҲĺԶ
ħʮħһţܼһռϡƷУֲ췴Щװ͵Ϯƽ
ٺ٣ǲңƱɣ鱦ɣƷɡ
ʲôһ˵֣ǰȫɡ
˿Ļͻ֣ᷢһűʯţ֪ϵǿűʯʲôͲˣͻ֪Ķ
űʯܼҵǿű͵ߵħʯն˶ٶװЩһźϸ嵥֪
չĲû嵥Ҳȥ㣬ȫ˵ɡ
ܵ˵ԼǷˣԺʳˡЩװȴǷƷԼһôûУҪȥҺˣУ˾ͺǵһڵĺܣԼȥɡЩѾţٺ٣
㲻½һ㣬ҲһҪǣֻҪǮãŲô֡
и⣬ô֪ĳȥҸôҲûκ֪

Ṧ
ҩ
жͰ쵽һ˼顣
һͨĴ߷ʽĥʯͷѾʼһĹɣЩĥʯͷôãѾ֪ıˣʾ
ʵϰ˵֮ǰѾͣ˴ҡڵĴԺ뿪ǸʱѾߣһֱΪĥʯͷͬʱǰվţҲ
֮ڷṦԾһݣɫҹºڷߵҹС
ãΪԺпҪԣΪսתƣԿṦȻȲϳ֮ǻĻǹȥģòƶҲܵרҵ
ṦǿĵҲȲ㣬οжҩ˵Ƕҩʵȫֶ˵ģҩġ
ݽرеԻɺҩоƵĶͬҲԻɺҩеһԻ㡣
Ǹʱ򣬱ȥܼҵ鷳ҪܼǼ֮ĳͻⲢǽΪ˽˶ԹΪһ˹
Ҳ㻹һ˰ɣ޳֮˹һ񷢲ݾܼǼҵıǧҡ
˹һֺķʽһֺӥÿ˽ȥ˹ᶼõһֻӥϵᣬӥֻ빫֮䣬˭ҲǱܵģֻһţţҲڹеĴš
Ĵźܼһ֡
⵱ȻΪţĴΪɣһҺ˺٣ûظ
ҪظҲһõ֣ˣ
ΪıḻܰƶȻԭСС֮ǽӥȥ
ȻìܣҪ̼ܼңӷȣǸʱײƽʱҲԥɱֺοµġ
᲻ܼҵìܣûȥ룬ֻܼǼҵìܣֻҪܼǼì˾ͿԣҴսҲ¡
ҪǷ֪ģһΪʲôԼʱ򣬾Ͳ޶һ£ʵ̫ˡ
ȿȣȻҪȥܼҵļͬʱҲһܼҵļҲ֪ˣܼҼùʱħʯڲ쿴Ķ
ǺͷһġװװöණⲻǴ˵еǬ
Ͼ¶ģôܼңҲҪõ֣Ȼ黹ҪôңֻҪһССͭܣȻһܼҼϾ͵˵ϣ
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Ϊ˰ȫ㻹ǵһᣬҩЧȫӣǸʱװģҲġ
֮ͽһо˺һᣬʹõķڼȴķһԼ飬ǹ˫ıº䣬лܼҵӡǡ
ʱõԼʱ֪εˣֻҪǼңǼҾͻܼҷ߾Ͷˡ
ѾˣȵܼҵĲر⿴ȻֻЩ;ܳԵĶǲǿֶأ
ܼˡ
ͷ濤˵Ĳ࣬ȥһǼңӵǼҼϣǼҼ󺰴֮̿£ѾƮȻȥ

ⶫɶʹɶ
ˣɽָɣǾɴõĶȥ׷ʱУʼħʯ﷭ڡ
ʲôϻȻǽָˣֳɵĲãѵԼȥһ
һǶѵ֪εɹһʱ䣬Сѧˡ
˺ܾãͻȻһöҲ˼Ľָ˵˼ΪõĲϲǹǺ
ҲӦýнָӦýָ󣬹ԸܱסָָڣŽǡ
óĥĥӹӹʹԭӣ㻹ò̳ƣйΪͼȻͰǿħʯǶ棬ÿռϵħʯСϵĶһСҲֻڻûзִġ
ĲȻֹ˵㣬Ը˾úء
ЩһĹм˷ƶ緹һҲûر顣
ЩҲˣѾҪˣûбҪܼҽˣѾˣʲô
ڵľѾúܻңභγ㶦ľ棬ĻҸܼΪһʵǿǼΪһȻʨҡ
ԶʱСѾûٹˡ


111 ս
ڶ죬ƶǺһһʳУһͣһλһˣǷ濤
òڼ䣬ƶͻȻ㡰衱ϣһһֻصĺڽָͶǽָţû˵
˷濤ע⣬ҲſĽָ֮ɫҲͬû˵û˵ֻΪƶû˵⻹ǷƶʵıȽϺá
ֱ֮󣬷ƶſʵ㣬Ľָ
ҵĽָôˣǲǺƯܵ˵ôĽָûɡ
Ưƶҡͷһߵķ濤ͬУͷ

ƯƯνָȻ˵㣬˵Ǻܲģһƶ濤ͷ

ָԼģһκõ̫ˡƶıˣָʮа˾Ʒ
㣬֪֪Ľָλе㲻ԡƶҪ֪ҲĵģƯƯֻΡ
ʲôԣָ֣ʲôԾģѵˣЦָ
ò˵
ƶ˵ôָָܴ˵Ѿ飬Ѿˣûн飬ҲûлԼˣŻñġ
ȻֻúþУЩȫûпǹȫ벻һֽ
ҲûлָŽָָں˵Ҳνˣʶ˶֪ʶˣᣬ޹ء
ֻҪνУʱǧѰˣСıšƶҲû׷ţֻ㡣
ⲻ£ֱӻصվҪȥ£Ӧòˡ
ڻǲҪȥıȽϺã˵ܼûпչ㣬һײˣ鷳ġƶü
ײҲû£㲻õġһһ˵
Сĵ㡣ƶ֪ô˵ҲûУ㲻ԼģҲ֪Ҫ¶Լ˵ҪǶҲǺҪġ
ʲô£ҲҪ֪Ҳûȥʡ
ȥ֮󣬷ƶʰʰʳлȥ
ڷƶʰʱһߵķ濤Ц˵ƶʵѽָָҲãŮ˾Ͳȥʡȥġ
˵ʲôҪûŮѣǧѰһᷢ񣬵ʱҾ鷳ˡУ˵һΣѡ
ǰѣŮѡ㿴飬ͣͣ˻Ҫʰиո˵ĻСĵ㡯ôŮѣˣ˵š
˺ſɶ죡
ˣ㻹ϡ


İ޳У˶ʼˣʼ۷׷ס
˵ܼҵҪﻢұҪϹǼҵļԷ˵ҪɱǼҵˣǼҵĲƲŮˣչǼҵķӣһҪǼʵ⣡
ϢǴģӦǼҵ˵ҪܼҵС㣬ȢţֱӾ͵ڽܼҵһУ˭ܼҵĹѾˣֻС㣬ʱǼҾͿ˲á

һҥ𣬶ǹܼǼһ๥飬ҥĵطһҾưɣһҷ꣬ǲƽֻҪĵطҥԿʼĵط
עĻͻᷢһӰ˵ĵطҥԵʼٸߣ㡣
ûᣬ㻹Ŭ֮ǰֻǼ͵ϮңûжܼҶ֣ûнһ磬˼ҵǮͱ
ڵЧί˵ѾܺˣȴͿԡ
Ȼһ˽˵ɣҪܼܼҲĻԺԼʹÿռָͻᱻܼҵ֪ԼǸܼٲ֮صˡ
֪ܵ˶ҪҪñûԼܽвβ͡
һֻɢҥԣҥԶ˵ԲţǲжҲûС
ڶ죬ɢҥԵͬʱʼжʼױܼҵġƷȥ͵ϮǼ䵥ˣͬҲðǼ͵Ϯܼҡ
һʼǲţֻǿʼֻ챻ҥΧƣҥԶˣҲġ
Щ˿ס˾ͺ˵ˣìܾͻῪʼ
죬죬ѾɢҥˣΪѾҪˣڳﶼڴЩ£ʲôǼ͵ϮܼңʲôܼҽǼҵȵȡ
ֻȥ͵Ϯǰ͵ϮܼǼҶûе棬һһӵĽУԽԽ࣬ӿʼ˵ڵʮʮˡ
죬֮װ磬ֱǼҵĻǰս飬׾ҵһˣûǰ˴ߡ
Ǵһ¾ܣ֮ǰܼҵķб¾͸ҪΪ˶ͿǼҲ㣬һ˾Ϳǡ
仰Ͼʹ̼ܼҵ⼸ÿ˵Ҷúܽһ׷ŹˣǱȽϵײģûж⵱Ȼ㾭ѡġ
׷
ܼҵСӻˣ׷
㽫ܼҵĵ̣һ·Ϲٶȣܼҵ˷ĵطҲǼҵĵ̣ȻܼҵٱҲ
ʧˣĿľǴǹȺţǴǼҵ˹Ϊ˲Ǽҵ֮ǰЩܼҵߵ㻹˼еɱˣͼܼСӵŭ𣬿ʼĴѰ㡣
ͻװͣܵǼңǼҵһȻˡ
ܼҵ˻ûи˭һ󺰣ֵǣҴˣϣΪ˵ĵֱ𣡣
仰ͷؿʼ
ǼҵΪһ壬ܼҵĹƣͿʼʼ㣬Ще㲻״ܼҵˡ
ܼҵ˵ȻҲվŵ㲻ҲҪǺ˫սͿʼˣ
ս֮УҸȻͳܼҡȱ
һСΧеԶԶҪˣķΧ
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112 
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ܼҰȱװǼҵˣȥǼҡȱػʮΡ
ΪһʼϾͰһġȱȽΧʼʮˣһδεӡ
Ҳмɣһֱһƣһƣ˿Լ˱ԷƣϼȣΪļ룬ƵһͱһƵһͱơ
һδεѭȥһһƣԮûʱȥǣȾ˵
սԽԽ˵ԽԽ࣬Խ˫Խֹͣ󣬸ҪˣΪϢѾˡ
ֻǼʮ˵еѾ󵽰սǧսչģеѾһС͵ս鷢ڰ޳ǳʱڣܼǼһ֪Ļǻܳ췴
Ȼ⼸Ҳ֪ͬҺܿƽҲ֪֪ܼǼڳǱһƽƴǧ˻ƴܿͻΪǧ˼Ļƴ
ѾڡƴУڵѾҪɿޣҵѾɱۣ
ȴֳڸУ濴ϷԭѾ꼰ɢˡ
֮ûߣȻǴĿϷûĿֻΪһ£Ҫƴȥ
ĪĻƴܼǼҵôܲ£һҪֹµķ
භֻʨҵõôԼǷӮңǲ׷
ǵ֪Լ²Էƴʱ򣬾ϽһЩ߼ԱȥֳҪֹ
ǱϾһҵģ˲ͬʱȺͬʱĻҲֹ¼ǵʱȴ˺þá
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޷ˣֻΪĺһ֧ĳȥϵ
ϻôʲôʹܼûһˣһܻ𱬵ĻǼһ
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ޣҲԷ£ǲ˾ͿԷ£ǲΪ˵ŲĳޣºҲ֪ԭҲ˵ȥ͹ȥ
ʲôһ壬Һͺ˵ƭ˵ġ
Ϊ˳˫ĳޣҲСģ˷еõļ֧˫ģܼҵĲ˵кܶ࣬ǼҵģҲûŪһ㣬º˫ĻһᷢЩ߼ԱǱԷļ֧ɱ
㻹ɱ˵ʱ򣬾ڶӪߣĹɣͺǺܶͬʱһ㣬͸ӵΪһԸ⿴һ˷ϻ
ǣһ˹ȴÿζս֣ƴѾﵽǧˣǧ࣬Ȼһս
̶ֳȣѾҪټ뿪װʬ𼣣ϳʱ·ȻͻغҵСͥԺСͥԺѾĸסҵ˿ûк˼ߡ
Ҿ˹ҲһЩѾɱۣڲĻܵģɱ˵ֻҪǶԷģ˭һĶԴɱ
Ҳ֪Ǽֱһ֧Ӣӽܼҵɱһ·׺Ǽңͱĥˣʱ򣬲ɱҲɱˣܼûͶʵ֮ǰⳡĪս
ǼҾͿܼҲˬˣԼȨԼǴͷ
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ҵļ֪ºܿģҪ˵ֻΪСͻģҲ˵ܣֻҲ̫˾ˡ
ֻȫûκκۼһоţҲһܷģǶôһ㻳ɣᣬСͻĴģƴ

һСͥԺͿƶʯߵȴţе㽹Լ֮ϻָƽ
㣬ûȥǱƶʵ
ֱӵػشȥˣ
ûܼǼҵִû˰ɣƶеżʵ
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㻹û˵꣬ƶż˵ţˣȥҽʦ
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ô˵ҲҵġƶͻȻһ죬Լ˵
Ҳû⣬ֻǻصʲôõĵģҲǺúõŮˣϲϹġ
ƶ˵ŮϲϹģҲΪ̫˵ˣġ

ƶЦ˵û˵˰ɣ⼸㻹ٳȥôңһʲô£ǧѰһɱҡ
Ժ죬Ҳȥˡصǽٰ֮жˣҪϡ
ҲҪȥƶó˼
ʼ磬˵˵ˣʲôʱȥ
뿪֮Ҿͻ̻ȥ
Ŷ֮ʮͻ뿪޳ǣѾι۵Ĳˡ
һվ׼ȥ
ղԭ
ղԭǲֽʲôΣյ񣿡


113 
죬ⲻ㳤ȴ޳𾪵飬һһ
һʼҵĴģƴѾһը¼һذը޳Ϊ֮𶯡
ͬһϣܼҵҪԱȫñѾ˵ܼҸӵĻҡ
˾ò˼ǣôܼҪԱܼҷܵĵطɱҺ޺ۼȻڶŷ֣̿ͺƾճ֣ƾʧһ㡣
⻹˼ĵطºһϢ֤ʵ֮޳ǵ˶סˣԭһϱĲܼҵҪԱܼҵǵļһڷУһѪۡ
ڵ⣬ܼҵҪԱܼңȫɱһܼҵ쵼һӾͿˣЩѾµǰ쵼֣ܼҾѾˡ
£̿ûһۼԴҾͿʼǼҵΪʱһۼûУ͹Գһ˻һɡ
ڸܼ˻ԵĴݴ֪ģֻŻʨΪǾͻۼ˻ɵǼңȻҲųʨҹⲻۼԺС
ǼܼһƴУǼҵǿԸ񣬿ܻϱǼҵģҪʨɴĶࡣ
Щ²ֻǽ֮УûпǵˣĳĿģҪܼҵЩȫɱˣΪʱû˻᱿͵档
ĳ˲ȴĿģʱҲ˻ɵˡ
˲˵㣬ɱЩ˶֪ħʯˣ֮󣬽֪½ϻеſռϵħʯԼ
ƥﻳ仰ǳףҲչʾħʯ򲻵ѵʱ
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ֻΪǼϮѾڿ֧ܼңܼ𣬲ҲһĴۣôҲֶοֻܼǱ쵼㣬Աʵûжʧ
ֻڻһ쵼ĥڵ£ǵʵӲֻɣоսĻ׼򣬾õʿûкõĽҲһں֮ڡ
һң֮ҲŽǼѾʨ̣Ϊǵʵеģһƴͻ˫ܾˡ
ˣʨҾѡаߣǼҼӵǰĵλȨҪǩһԼ飬ǼҲңȻƲǾԵģҲһáΪǼҵ˾󲿷ֶһԾŶ˵ĻһֻҪԼڣǼҾͷѡ
ңǼһֱֺӵļ壬췴ҲǺֱӵģһһһûܼҵ³֣ҲһκֱӵĶȨ֮ļ壬пңҲãǵǷͬһġ
ǼҿȥҲɴӦ£ǩԼ飬úõǵİ֮һ
ԴˣǲмҪʨҵĻͻὫǼҸˣвԼĴڶҪĨȥοǻ׷ɱƶˡ
ξΣĹϵʵ̫ˣҲ͵κ棬ǱȽϲ򵥵Ļš
һ¼֮ʨҳΪӮңǼҲ䣬ֻΪңܼ뻢ҡ
ܻң¼֮ȻȴһС壬ʨҲûиϾɱڰҲǱʨҵ߷緶ɡ
ǣȴҪڱ˼ӵУǱȻġ

峿ʰ׼뿪Ȼ˸ռָΪΣǱһңǰ˸ǸƤѾһа
ҲѾˣ˲⣬ҲԺҪʹùԼȻǻõġ
ӱóʱҪȴӽָóҪҲᵢӦʱ䡣
㣬㵽ӶᣡƶվԺУŴ˵
һѾǸʱ㻹Ժﳿ˵ȷЩ磬ĳǺģ֮˲Ÿո𴲡
ڸոգƶæʰֻܾ˵ĶŮ˲
㲻ҲҪ𣿡㽫ͬʱʻ
ƶҲ֪ǲǺܲϲңߣߣһ춼ûС
ҵĶѾʰˣ͵֮ҾͿʱˡƶ˵ĺֱӣûж
ŶǺðɣҲ˵ʲôƶһ뿪СͥԺ뿪ңӶȥ
һ·ϣƶû˵һţ˵͸˵˾ģģ峿İ޳С
һֻɫСߣһֻѩɫĻˡ
峿ѩеİ޳ǣǿһоĻ棬һһŮĻ棬ĸоӭ
ҲܶȥҲ⻭еҲʵȴݵʱҲ㣬е㣡
ˣҵˣȥɣӶǰ棬Ů΢Ц˵һ΢ЦŮеһܰŮĸоһε΢ЦǰֻʽϵģһΣоһ˿С
ŮһЦţҲҪСģﵽղԭ·̫ƽ
֪ΪҲŻѡ·ش
Ů˵ףһȥˣһһҪȥһ㿴ҵгɹ
ţͷ
һ˸о˸Уȴܰĳ棬Ϊû˸УͲطϲá
ˣ뿪˰޳ǣ֮á
ŮҲˣصȥĵطõѣõĵʦõĻ䣬ҲǰõĻ䣬µõĻ䣬ѾУʲôطһȥо

ƶҪѧԺĳȻ˵ѧԺ԰ѧг񣬵ô˵ҲǺҵĴС㣬Ӧڰ޳ǾвŶԡ
ˣѧԺУ򵥵ģҲֻһ򵥵ͨŮ
֪Ϊ㣬룬ļԼǣΪΪʲôμĳ˵һûУ
·ҪߣҲ뷳ƶᣬȻҲܼᶨ


114 ֮
ҹ˯ߣΪֻ˯žû뵽Ҳ˯Ű仰ǲǾúϤ
ͬǷյҹֻͬߵĵطͬ˺£һŮͬʱŮŮ
ڲԭ߽ϵһӪأһ·Ѿ˯ʣµľǱЩ˵ӶǻȥϢ
ΪӶһԱֵҹʱ򣬶ʱһŮһվڲԶҹ££㡣
˾ͻȻ뵽ǸɲɵģŮҲһ֣еЦ˵һ仰
Ůعͷһ㣬ûػصԭ㣬ҹ㵱Ȼ˯ˣ˵ʲôҹ˯ߡ
ǺǡЦһȻ˵㻹ǻȥϢɣҡ
Ůһ˵
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лл佱ʵʵ˵ӪȥѾղԭˣԺ㲻ҪˣǺܸɴؽ˵ˣ㶼ѾܲˣǾٲ˵ɡ
ߣŮܲ˵غߵȴû뿪ԶҹգȻֺ̾γȥϢֻǡ
ŮĬˣԸ˵ȥԸԭ˵
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𣿡Ůתϲʵ
صȻģһԾ֪еĻңţҪ˵Ļһֻܵҡ
Ĳ㻹ұ֤ʧ̫ˣõҩˣʱѶѣֻûиþͲұ֤ˣûоٴ顱ԶʦԶ£޶أ޴̼ҩء
ҩϸԡŮ̵ҪҪҩʧ֢Ѿüˣȥ֪Լܲڼȥ
ֻ쵽һʱ˻ȥҡͷ˵УҲ˯̫
Ϊʲô˯̫ʧߵˣ˯ԽԽ𣿶֪ԼֲȥʲôܱҪ
ɺܼ򵥣ΪһŮ
ںõŮҪĲԼˣŮһܺõŮȻ˯ˣһҪźԾͲ˯̫̫Զ
ʵʧ֢Ҳɵģǰ춼Ҫźţ˯ߺܲȶ
ҪҪ㣬ҡӡҲκʧ֢ȻԺİЧʾͻܲҪסҪ볤һ£ҪǱ֤Լ塣˵ӵʱرأر˼
ңһǲܡŮ˲ӣ˵С
ȥɣȻֻձԵҲ˵׼вԭϮϾղԭǴ½˿ĵط֮һԺӣӪţû²Ҫһ˵еϵֻŮľҵͣ渺ʲôҵֵ𾴵ġ
ðɣһȥлл˵ôõĻŮһӾͱúܱ񣬶лš
ÿܴ󷽵˵һ䣬һ¶ڣǵһΣŻģԺҪģǵôǮ
ȥߣŮһۣȻܽӪʡ
֮ǰҲһԹĵ飺ˣʲô֣
ҽ㣬СӶһﲻ̫ϡش
ߣ˭ϡŮûػһ䣬Ȼɻһ䣺ΪʲôҾ
ûΪʲôֻһƺѣ㲻ϲĻҿԽϾС㡣㵱ȻܸŮһʱõӰ̨ʡ
ýСˣҲһСŮѣϾͿԡŮϾ˵
õģһ󣬾ȥѲˡ

ҹղԭ˵ƽ˭֪ƽΣա
ղԭЩõĲԭŻƬѾΣϢĴԭø˺£򲻵ѣǶƹԭԭĵش͸˾Ϊǲݿܵľۼء
ղݿｨһ֮ǣݿҲˣҲҪ֣Ҫ׸ƷԾҪһط
ڲݿнûյˣܶ˶֪ԼǷܻߣǵҲܴ֣Ѿܴ̼ҵطѸٷչγһصĳУҲ˵һṹܻεĳС
ιΣķ̶ȴһҲһǿ½ĳУ֮һǰʮڡ
֮һݿܴ漣òݿԺ漣ǵĴ̼£ɳĮеɳ˽ɳĮ򣬶ɽͽɽǣȻܶ඼ʧܸգҲмɹġ
ĳжһص㣬ûгûйԱûгһеĴշ˿ǿ֮Ĵ֮һ׺ƵĹأȻֻǶ֮õġ
ΪЩжΪ֮ǣܶ෸µ˶㵽ЩΪЩû˻ץȥ͡
һеԴ֮ǸǱֱӹ֮ƺţΪǴ
֮һһΪڰ£ҾƷĽ׻ᣬ׻Ƕ˿ģ˭ֻҪ֮ǾͿԲμӣȻҲҪǮƷȻʲôס
֮Իһ׻ᣬһʼΪЩԲݿ˵һֵûУȴû·ߣӦ˵ЩҪӶ̫ˣԼǲݿǾһЩһЩƷóǳۣ۸ߵá
ö֮ʽͱˣγڵһģĽ׻ᣬݿǶڻĲʮ߻Ķ
ڣ׻ǰ죬λ͵Ŀĵؾ֮ǡ


115 İҩ
㹫ӣǲκϾĲ
ڶ峿ʱ֣һҹո׼˯ͱһòƺܵͳš
㿴ˣһò񻰵ġˣһŮ˶ʼɣȷһ漣һˣˡϾˣ˹
ǲˣѾ˶ۣк͹ϵλ﹫ֻί֮һ
û֮һ㻤͵ԱֻһˣһȺȥμӽ׻Ĺ븻ֻ̣öͬһĿģԾһǰ
ģԱӦûҺܶӶŶԣһӶţȴֻһЩӶСӣоĵӶһȺӶɵʱӶ顣
ⲢίҪʡǮҲҪԺˣֻΪҪȥμ֮ǵĽ׻ᣬһ·ϾͲеȥǵ⣬һҲȥɧǣֻһЩͨӶֹһЩСŻħޣħ޼ҰޣҲһԼΪħޣϮ
˲˼飬ڰ˵ĻʱȨĻʵۻҪ˵ɵʥ۹ĻʵۣҲԸڰеߡ
Ȼ˵﹫ռ÷٣ҲһίˣԴί˵̬ȻǺܲģὫһߣԼ˯
ſ﹫˵ԭǿ﹫ӣֻܻش𣬲ܡ
﹫üһֱͳʵΪʲôܣ㲻˵һֿ˯ĺҩ𣿡
ҩβȴˣҵǸϾȥҩҲûõġ˵
Ϊʲô
˯ɺػصԼŮ
﹫ӳ˼һ˵ˣǾͲϢˣˡ
ǷȻ¾˯

﹫ҡҡͷаҪϾǾͲڵķˣϾҲԼҪΪչԼҲëҲΪԼȥβ
ϾԻ֮ʱ﹫ӻû˯ţһЩ飬ϾӪԶˣ˵ĶԻ﹫ҲΪŻ֪£Żôһ˹㡣
󲻾ãһζԻһ
Ͼ㾡ܳҩɣҲҪź򡣡
Сӣ𣿡
ǵģ֪ΪңΪҵĲЩѾûٸˣͲҪٵˡ
УһҪǸȴ˯ģûչôأ
Һ㣬ΪһĹֲҲʧߡʱȥҪϺ˺
Ҫ˵ֻҪܵõǼһκĲ
ϣ˰ɣܲܵõ㶼˦ˡʱĿ﹫ӵ˸Уȴһֽŵĸо

Ĭֺǳصļž

󣬳˳ĵ֮ǣһ·ϲûʲô鷢ħҲûһֻõĳ档
ΪҵҪ֮ҲӶᣬ˹ֲܷ
һЩӶԺ󣬾복ӷֵڵ̻ͣûз̵ģһЩӶ˫̵ģ͹ҲҪͻȥ
ļϰӶңʱҵһЩԽĵطӶҲԽ࣬ΪҪǵҲԽࡣ
οʱһĴ˹ӶǶ಻ʤ٣ڵ֮ǾۼӶûһҲаǧ
ڷֵ֮ǰ﹫Լʮڳտջ棬󣬱ȻҲеġ
ˬӦǮ׬Ը񣬷ǾԼҪҩԣǰҩ
Ϊڿǣ⼸ҩĽһ£˳ڷá
Ҳ֪ͻ뷨һҩҩһУϾҩꡣ
ҩҩһֱҩҵҡǮҪҩ˯Ǵ޷ģ½ֻһңһ漣
֮ǣȻ鴫ҵطסͬʱҲι漣ĳУԳн񲼾ȫлһȺݿġ
ȫȫһĹһ㣬޳ĹȲ֮ǣڲϣڽϡ
ƺ˸е⣬ȴ֮С
֮Уһȱ˲ţеҪ˲ţһҲʽԱҪǿܶࡣ
ЩǲϲʽĹٷٷ£˭Ǯ࣬Ϳ԰㣬ֻҪղݿܸǮҲǻæС
ʱղݿΪ˽У˲ܵĳ̶ȣȫ֮еģõġ
һֿʼ֮̾ǣȻ鴫
仰Ȼƣ̾Ķȫͬˣǰ̾еĲֽڸ̾ľľеס
䣬ջݡ
֮ԻĸܣΪ˵һ
λС磬㿴ϲϲĻȥһͷĿ˹һƺ崿Ůؿ㡣
ûľŮûʲô˵㿴˵С⻬ƤһԭװǺܻġۣͯ
ֻۣͯǲƭ˺Сǻƭˣ㵱Ҳ㰵ûаѻ˵ֻΪὫ鷳
Ըһֱֺӣܼ򵥵İ취ֻҪ֣ͿöԷ־ǡ
ûǮ
ģûǮʲôͷĿɫȻѿ֮ǽ׻ᣬûǮ˷ѿˮ
ˣֻҪپͿԣǰȥû߼ǣĶһСֹ
ﱾΪһ˧ĹӸ磬Ϊ°뱲ˣû뵽һСӣ

Ȼ֮ǣĿŵˡģҲͯۡˣ崿Ů


116 С
ƭ֮֮ǵĵһ£ҵһұȽϺʵĿջ
ȻģȴܸɾʣȻ˵Ը˷ǮҲزūΪʡǮȥסЩҵĿջԼܡ
ǮȻҪģûԼҪ˵ǮʵֻԼԹڵĹ߶ѡ
ҿջҲϲջʵ̫ˡ
ΪܡҪһСԺһҪһҡ
Ǯ˵׬ֻԼ˵
òĳ˸ողŵõһĲرǮ˵ֻëë꣬סһӣҲֻǻеһ֡
ҪǼ֪㻨ű˵Ǯһƶ
ʰһ¶׼Ҫúõ˯һ˵ڽ׻ѾʼǵһҲûʲôöҪ˯ߣֲһ·ϵ˯߲㡣
ʵ㽻׻߳Ҫ˯ʱ򣬾Իһȥ˯˵ʲô¶û˯Ҫ
һȥˣڶ峿ϴ裬ϴ裬·ջĲ͡

УӦĿ㣬þ֮ʵû𣿡
㽫˵Ӧͬʱͷ˵ţʱôˣУϲ˿һ㣡
õģϰµӦ˰亹Ϊ٣̫̫ˣûмĿˣһһôʳ
ʱмλ;ƭȷϣõĴ𰸶һһˡ
ȴϲ˵ʱʹģҲĵģĵֻȥ˵š
ʳͼ˵εĽ׻һοǰʢ£˵Щ˹ԽһЩ˶
Ȼ֮ǵĽ׻Ѿôˣ˾֪ѾΪ½һʢ£ֻЩûг϶ѡʳһܶӣΪЩˣӰԼԶԼ֣ӶӶš
֪ԭ֮нɢҵӶԭⷽ˼
֪Щʲô𣿡ʳͱʵ
ʳӣȻòƸ߰˵СûЩͲ˵ˣ˵ʥ۹˹ĴҲ˹Щ˵ͿεĽ׻۰ٱ˵һЩ½ͷȨҲ˹ˣֻǲ˭
ҲѹǻεĽ׻һᣬּƷǺܶҪġʳͼ׸п
Щʲôʳͱʵ
ѾֱǱ֮̾Ϣ֮ʳͼ˵֮󣬾͵˵ľ
ʲôȻʳͱ̽е˵Ǵ˵еıϵƷħ֮̾ϢϵƷħǹ֮
Ʒϵħ϶ڴ˵ˣټǳټ
ԣʳͼ׺ⷴӦȻ˵ƷǸмֵ
ǰɣ֮̾Ϣ֮Ѿ½ˣҲֻĴ̣ЩС붼ҪˡλбǸߵģʳͱŵʵ
һѱ֮̾Ϣֵʮϣ֮Ȼһ㣬Ҳ˶١
û䣬һһǻ֮ػ
֮ػǴ˵һƬֻۣҪ˭ۣͿҪһֻҪΪѵ嶼ȫ㣬Ϊѵȴ٣˵޼֮˭óʳͱһξȵǾһóˣֱҪƱ
Ȼ֪ôģҲǸЩǿߣߡ
һʲôʳͱʵ
ʱҲһˣǰֶѾܲ˼ˣ˺ˣһһʲôļֵܸ߹ǰѵǾżħޣ
ܣżħôܺ޶û֪
ܿ죬Ǹ˾ͽ˴𰸡
С飬һһȻϵС顣
ǰɣ

⻰Ҳе˼ˣСص˵һԪ뾫ȫͬ
ÿħԪضԲһС飬СǩԼ㲻ʹħʯҲкǿͬʱСͬϵħʹ
СǩԼˣ󶼿ԳΪ½ĸ֣ÿ˶ϣԼС飬СǩԼ
СǿģˣҲһץסÿпܳһСǩԼ
ֻȻϵС飬ȴϵܻӭΪȻϵСȻҲħȴϵħʯʹãȻϵħʯڻûгֹҾˣҲ֪ôȥʹá
ȻϵСȴһܶصȻϵСǩԼһ޲ЩвˣǾֻ֢ҪȻϵСǩԼҲϡҩһһ˳١
ҲʲôϵС飬ֻҪСȥǰѵһĶȥʶһ£ǶԵԼ
С
ϲ˵ٶôôôõİԣһ̲˶ûиϣ֪ڸʲô
ҿ𣿡˻ûһ˹Ҫӣһ꣬һǶȥ꣬еɻ֮⡣
ɻûע⣬е̬
û𣿡㷴ʵôӲʲôֹңв
εһЦ˵Ҳϲһ˳ͣҾ죬һѺԾͲ
Ҳϲͱ˳ͣҾ뿪ѻȥ
Ҫǧ֮⣬ҽѰɣ
ո˵ʲô˵ĺ仰Ͳ˵ˣҲˡ
ֻΪ˱ʾ⣬롣
ã̵ܾͣʲôÿ
Ȼ̬е֣룬һͶѣܻ˶٣ҪҪˡ
ֻǰһʳҲ˵Ŀ㡣



117 ׷
ڴҲһ˳ԵĶ޵ģǺȵģǰСӣȫģҲ֪ЩԵȥˡ
һ뷨ΪԼĺɰơ
ͣ˻سԣոЩĻ㣬滹һ󴮵ʳӦףǺյ㡣
֣ôҲӦһ壬ôˣһܳô࣬û˵ĵܻܵܳԡ
ĸ
ĸǵùˣΪ׷Ůӣװ׻ôǮԸ񣬻׷ŮӲˣŪ㲻ллˡ
ñһãȻɾֽ죬˵ллԺлңټ
˼ԷҪ˵ллǳʲôĿģȻҲֻҪ˵һллĻŲᣬ˵ȥ
㣬ҲνȻܳԣһ𣬲˵ʲô˼
ǸҪȥʲôط㣬ǾͽͬС걾гֻ»ᣬԾסˡ
㣡ʲôĿľֱ˵ҪĨǵġֱ˵ͿСӲԾˣԵ޹ʽӽ٣һôǮҲô˵ű١
ֻ׽׽һ¸飬û˼껹Цţҿе졣
СӸòϲǸɣ
뵽˺󼸲Ȼ䱸꣬һ˵߿ٲϲˣҪȥĵط
걻Ļҭסˣһ̳Ҳͬ㲻ҪᣬֻҪæѡ
˻ˣʱǰ˵һ£ҲˣһͿ˲˵зЧԼҪƵˡ
㣿ɻؿ֪꣬˵ʲôһԿ϶ˣСҪ椣ֺҡ
ˣһż⻰˵ˣھǱҲ֪ԼӽĿˡ
ֻ˵ǡ֪ģڲ˵ǧҪº˵ᡣ
飬ҲܣҲٷˣֻлûкôصԳΪԼҲֻһˣǾĽǧѰСһ׷ĽǧѰġ
ˣΪʲô˵µģĽǧѰΣα֪С˭ѧԺ
ЩһȻͱӵһߣûǸʱ뾫ȥ֪Щ¡
һͬкһ㣬֮ǣһ˶һչˡûз
Ҳãһ𿴿׻ɡȵңҽȥõ㶫ͻȻָı⣬һȥһյı
꿪ʼΪʲôҪһƤǺˣԭ롭
ۣһѾƵĶУС裬СǲǺܲ
ţȷĽҪ㡣Сػ
ѾС˵ΪѾǵһС˵˵ʼ֣Ѿûȥ֡
ϧûǮ򣡡ҡͷ̫̾ˡ
ȻϲǮҳ󷽵˵ѾڵѪΪѾǵһ㿴һ˵Ҳǵһ˵ԼûǮ
Ϊ㣬궼ͳǮ㣬ıѾкܶණһЩֵĹƷһЩ鼮ЩҪװˡ
ڴףΪʲôҪΪʲôͻȻı⡣
Ҫ׷ĳ˵Ľ㣬ҪۣҪֺ㣬Ǵۻ󣬲Ч΢΢Ȼǲ֪ģȻҲᱻ㵱ԩͷ档
ҲҵģȾˣһֻлûкô
һ£ǺǮոóǮ֪ȻǮΪʲôᵽôͨĿջסš
Ǯ˲ǶϲڿᣬϲҹģǲʺԼ
Ҳܿ챻˦ԺҪԱ׻Ȼܲһ͵гһЩҪ۹ȥ
ոЩҲǽΪƲƣһЩʵЧģһЩƷֵҪԶԶڽ׻Щ̯ļ۸񣬵Ȼ۸񻹱ĳ˿ȥܶࡣ
ոЩ˴ʮңʵʼֵȴҪһǧϣֻҪ˷ⶫļֵͻļǮ
Щݿܣк֪ܶʲôֵ˵ЩͲҪǮģٶ׬ġ
ͬʱҲҵмֵ飬һһʿоĵãһݵҩԼص㣬˵ֱ
⼸͸еԼĶҩѾƿȻԵЩҩԶһֻȴԽԽо̼̫С񫡣
صĶƶüΣԺǶҲİϲҡ
һħ飬һЩ򵥵ľħоԼĴвЧԾùоо
ԱС
ˣôˣ֪ʲôͻȻһ⣬ԼˣԣԸôңڻ֪ʲô֡
˰ж
ҽаأؼġ꣬˵
أ㿴Ű֪ȸߣܲؼ壬ǲǸʥ۹壿
꣬С㣡ڵݶܹȻôסĿջ˵סջԭ
ֿеɻʵҺ֣ôס㲻Ӧúһסտջ𣿡
Ҳ𣿡еʵĽǧѰôҲֵطƺе֡
ȻȻҹʲôЩ֮̾ϢС֮ĶҶûôһֻӵӡ
˵ֲǲסһԭǶ֪Էˡ㿴ҺĺԵ֡
˵갢㣬첽ǰһһԼ̬һɧӡ
˳ŷȥһɫŮһڹۿš


118 ɻ
Ǻǣ
ڿȥǸŮ˵ʱ򣬾һܣܵԽԽá
ŮĽǧѰᣬĽǧѰͲܡʶŮУ˭ܵģĿǰΪֹһҲûС
Ů˭أ
ȥĻش֪˭ʶҲûм
ʶʲô
ϻǲʶܣոСô࣬ڸ˼ˣϴˣ׷˵ĵܵܲҡ
ƢٺõˣҲᷢ𣬵ʱҪЩͿˡ
òƺǸɱȽҪСӲԼֵĶֻȥⲻԸ
뵽ȥʵУһ磬ֻȺʧȥӰܵǱ˭Ҫ죬һαӵ쾡¡

ŮߵʱѾ˽ŲȻзȵ˵ްԵﶼ
أԵȵȻٺ˵Ůе⣬ܿͲϣĿǰ˵ҪеĶ
ϰ壬Ǯ
ң
ǰɡⶫҲҪң㲻ҪΪԼǿͿҿۣⶫһҡ
գ۷ʽҲֲ̫˰ɡ
С㣬ȻǿҲһˣʲô۾ʲôۣˣⶫҲģ˸㣬һҡ
ǿǱˣʲôĶⶼʲôʲô
Ȼ㶼ģٱ˵ʲôϵҡ
ģҲܼⶫôǮŸңҪҪ
Ůƽ˵ң
˸ǿϰ˵
ŮȻҡ
߸е
Ȼƽ

ƽ

ҲһҪðűץɱķգҵĹǿϰߵ˵ȴ˵һ˵Ļ
С͵ҰɣҲˣ
ãɽŮˬóҽϰ塣
ʱֲ̾۵ļôߣԭΪĽ㡣
˵ʲôʲôۼߣʲôĽ㣿Ůɻʵ
ܵܰۼ࣬Ҳ㻹Ҫǿһ㡣һҪʮңӲǱ˵һĲֵȻϰ巴ԼۣʮҽʮٽʮֻһҾͳɽˣǸϰ廹һмĿпǸ似
˵˵ȷǺǿ̾磬˾ԲҵܵܣҵܵĻῳۡŮֱ˵
ôᣬովͺһģһ·һ·۹˾ڡôˡָŸոڵλãȴѾӰӡ
ʱ㣬ܿüŹˣʱϺŮ˵ҲһӰӣˡ
ǲϴˣŮʵܵܵ˽⣬СӸͲῳۣҲÿۣΪһǡ
ôᣬܵôϴˣȻҺ죬Ҳˡܿ϶ػص
仰ͻˣԼʲôʱֻһۣСһߣҲסʲôӵģֻһģĸ
ôŮ˿϶ҲܵĹˡ
Ҳ֪ڿջĲʱҲһ˵ӦóŶԣҲǰѱ֮̾ϢȤɣǱϵߣŵҲǱϵħ²
СӣոһǿܣסĸջҪȥŮزˡ
ջסһطûĳ㡣
ȥֲ֪ʲôʱҽסһȥڼ¿ߡŮ˵ͶԱжͬΪȴŲͬĿġ
Ϊ׬ǮΪҵʺԼĶΪ˺ÿĶЩݳƷŮϲС⡣
һ棬һ֮󣬾ͷŲʼߵ̯ӣεĽ׻Ӵڣһǽ׻ĳأԾ˼֣Ҳڽ׻档
׻Ŀʼ죬öҪԼ򣬻᲻ᱻƭҲҪԼ֮һ仰Լ۹⣬ԼĿ
ǾƷᣬǾľƷҶۣǮܹղݿܵͳһڳ̯λʱ׻ֻʣ¼֡
ѹϷᣬóĶǾƷеľƷһ˶ľƷƷֻһ˿𣬲־ƷǲɶģԸɴʽС
ͬʱһƷǾƷ
ʵƷһǼ۸ߵãȵûǮп᲻Ǯ
һѿƷһҵڸ̾˸ǮǺðһҡ
һʲô˲ϲҸһҶԡһĶ
عͷһŮվԼߣЦؿԼǸոտ۵̫ͶˣûзϵĶ
Ůʶ
ôҲģĴ˹׻ᣬֻû뵽ǴСԳ
Ĵ̵ĴС㣬ʶһҲֻôһ١١
ЦЦȻ˵ȻҲʵһ棬ˣʱΪڰһ
ѾˣҲԽԽأʮһⳡϵŮǿˣҲֻж㿪ЦҲӰ̫ˡ
Ҳһֺ˾ñ飬һ͵ŮӦûڿ֮УȴѾ⣬ֻΪԼ׵Ѫ˰ܹ⡣
籾źڰ棬һ涼ǲܵ飬ûʲô˿ֻǰ׶ûкڣ෴Ҳһ㲻˵С㣬ʲôҪ£ҾͲˡ
õģæģ΢Ц˵ξסտջʱĻҡ
ûʱ䡣Ҳƭˣ˵Լʱ˵Ͳȥ
㻹ǺǰһֱӡȻ΢ЦˣûȤȥҿԴȥ
УȻɴֱӣò˼·ȥֳҪС鳤ʲôģ
һ峿տջңҺһȥ
ԣʱллˡ¶΢Цл΢Це΢Ц˺ԶԶ΢Цһûж˿Կ
ٷֿæŸԵ飡
ԱֱŻصջСԺ


119 ް
һ峿ڡС֮󣬾ջĲòͣҲٴ
ⲻѾ˰ĴڣҲ벻Ȼһ죬Ǿͻֵڶ죬ֻΪںΪС£ȥӱһˡ
ǼѾȥһ죬Ѿһˣ˳ˣ췢ʲô£ҪҪѶûȥȵ컹ҪѣļǮ
СͺһȻǿջǵȻСˡ
ֻġСƺþĽġСѾףԼĽзĽз
ܹӦȻǸǸӦܹΪӣˮȴĵˡ
ܲ𣿾Ķٲ˼飬ҲǻǮģһ˻Ǳ˵ʮҲֹ
һǱһѵĲˣͬʱţҪٳ˰ҽ˸жá
ûծͲˡ
ǣû뵽ǣ컹ֳˣһˣ
Ҳ֪Ϊʲôٶȱ˺ܶ࣬ҲûЩͷſӳһֻڴڴڵҧŵʱһŮͻȻ֣ǰȻ͵Ҫ쭵ӡ
ͻȻоŮ죬һʱ벻ʲôطġ
ӦòʾͿ°ɡŮ֮һ굽ЦŶ˵Ǹ
ծġ
㿴ͰѸոյԺֱӶ԰˵;Ϳ£;͵ϵӡУλСѰɣҲҴߡ

仰֮ðһŮͷϳֺߣով뷢쭵ͱˡ
СǲƤˣһûôģȴװʶҾܲ˵ڻֱӲ㡣
ԭŮǸǸʱԶûôע⣬ԭȷǼֲû죬ͨˡֻﻹеֵֹĸо벻ʲô
˼ϴˣҲʶеκһˣذɡصȻͷҧȡ
Сӣ㻹װǲҪһ٣֪ŮŭڷŭͬʱҲ֣ܵһֱ㣬ڱĵطַ죬߾ͻùԹԵģҲСʱ۸۸ˡ
˭ʵҲе㻳ɣԼǲĽ㣬ԣӦ˵ǲĽ㣬ܶûеġ
ˣãܺãǷҪҶˡŮȭͷ
ˣҽй
͵ֽŮȭͷŮֻһĨһֻͣŮڡһ־֣һСӡ
ǲ˼òʱ䣬ûüôһ£ҵġ
㲻Ųæ˵λС㣬˵һΣϴˣҽ㣬ˡ
㣿СӣҪʲôϷǲ׷ļҵС㡣Ů˵
Կ϶ˣŮϴˣԲԼǲ飬Ȼô᲻֪֣ǰù֣ҲӦ֪ڵ֡
һϴˣҲǺƽˣлһ˵Ľ㣬Ǿ;ԲɺϣΪԼúĵܵܺ񣬶һпһһ㶼ֱ治
ʱǹֵֹĸоʲôԼǰΪʲôŮ죬벻˭ԭŮԼҲм
һ벻ĲǱ˵òԼվӵˣְѵһεˣͬʱԼòʶԭԼ
㣿׽㣿ͻȻһ仰е㲻⡣
Ůŭϻ׽ʲô
ˣҿԺܿ϶ĸ㣬ϴˡûн㣬ھʣһ㵭ػصȻȡ
㡭Ů˵ֻΪҲԼǲϴˣǰԼĵܵô֣ĸĻԼǰҲʵʵ˵ʵʵġ
ԼĵܾܵͲһˣȫԼ͸¶ҲԼĵܵЩһ˳Լĵܵһһȫûзֱ¼ôˣҲ̫ˡ
ްĲܵܣ㿴Զһӣܵôܳ𣿡üĲǣԼǿˣֲõްȥֻ
ԶΪǴҹСӣ֪ǳԶһָŵģͬʱܵҲԶк
֮
ߣòǣȻ֪СӣҾÿϣǲˣŮ뿪
ˣǾͱʾڽĳ£ϣǵĻǾ͸˵ˡ
Ů뿪Ҳ뿪뿪֮ǰһۣƣǲܵܰ
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ôɣҵҪһǺҪҪġ
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ģްŻ˵ῳۡ
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ˣոްΪ㡱һΪ׷ŮӶĵ֣ҲΪĳŮӡ



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гϴ軻·󣬾ͱűȥ׻ǰһ󵽴λãȻԱ
ϣһ󱳰ӽռָȻǷ˯
Ե˺ܶıǻѻѵĽҲﵽһǧңÿռָǮ࣬ҲҲǿԽݳƷó̯
ܼһǧҶûУǾͻ첻췴ĵزˣԷĵã󵨵Ļ
Ҫûõ̯ȨóˣܼҵĲҲֲֻź˻ɡ
óֵ̯ǺʱЩݳƷ鱦ΣôĶԽˡ
㰵һЩˣ֤һǵѡһȽϺʵˣеĶȫ
׵ĹúأûöַԼݣһľ䣬ȻڳͣͣתһȦҪֵĶŽȥľӡ
֮ĳô࣬˭ܲóʲôʱģʲôʱŵʲôطģûгǣҲ֪ǲΪ˽ˣԲóǣֻȥȡѾ˽Ĳ
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Ҳ֪ôЩҲȥʣȥܣֻ֪һõһҡ
ҸԺȥЩȽϺ׬Ǯ
ֻĲ֮ƣʲôֵõģ˾ҪԼѪ뺹ȥ׬ǮζЩ֮Ƶʱ򶼸ƶ
ڼƶʱ͵˵ˡ

Ͼŵңٽ׼ȥƷῴʲôöſͬסտջĿ﹫ӣϾ
ҪȥҪĶֻܵһУ廹ǲҪȥˡ˵ʶòƺϤ֡
ҲǳȥֻȥһˣΪ˰ѶøңҪȥû뵽һҪҲǶ۰ٱҲˡ﹫˵ٵûʲôġ
ǱȻġǶҪ׼ýңҲкܶ˹ҵʵû˿ù㣬ҲֻҪһٿһ򣬲ػصֻΪٿһ˹
﹫ҲһǸˣػصţ
һ֮󡭡
һˣ´ģ
仰﹫һģͬʱ˵ģ˵֮˶Էеɻ
ǣ﹫һͬʱʵȻͬһˣ˶е㾪ȣȶԷôҲʶ
㣬һͬʱеԭǹԼ㡣
û˽ҲвϹӣͿſ˵ֻе֣ô﹫ӻʶ
ٴкС㣬ôɣҲ
ҲǸˣտջôɡ㣬ǲҹֵģЦ˵Ȼ֪ǲܵ顣
ǣҽ첻ģλ﹫ӡֱӻصžת﹫ӣ﹫ӣϾˣʲô¾˵
ߡһߣȻ͵ȴſ﹫ӵĻػ֪Ҫʲô
﹫˵û뵽㹫ʶ͸˵ˡ
㻹лֱ˵ɣΪôҪҵȥѵ
Ŷ﹫ӿ˿㣬еԺܿ׿Щֱ˵Ҫ㹫ӵҩҵĲܲܺãҶϾȥ
⻰ֱ֮ӵ˵һƿһٿҩ裬ʮһƿһҪʮƿҿһƿҩЧǲڵġ
˵֮٣﹫ӣϾ㡭
ʮһƿǮʵǡüͷ̫ˣ˹˵ӦÿһٽһƿŶԡ
٣﹫ӳ
ô˵˹µһеļ壬һǮ˵С˼ˣôҿŪҩ裬Ҫʲôϵٺܼɵ˵Ϊȡ棬ͬʱҲڴ﹫ӡ
˹ǺҲΪĴ֮һ˹壿ʵ
еɻػصǰ㻹֪𣿾ǸĴ֮׵˹壬ͲҪˡ
ֲǻʶ֪﹫Ǹ˹壬ҾͿ۸һ㣬ҼȻ˵ǸǮͲģҪҪأϧ˵˿û뿪߼۵뷨
﹫ӳĬУϾҲһųĬ
ҩЧаɣȥáֱӵݹȥһСƿӣʮҩ裬ֻҪ˯ʱþͿԣûĽ᲻ǰڵͶʣ׬Ǯġ
׼ĳԣ֪ʱѾ뵽﹫ҪϻҪʲô
Ͼӹƿ֮˵﹫ӻȵ֮Ż뿪Ѿﳤסһʱ䣬㻹ҪĻ뿪֮ǰջңҾиˡ
˵֮Ҳܿ﹫ӻûл˵ֱתȥƷķȥͿȥöĿܡ
㣬ȵңٸҲ뿪ˣ¿﹫Ͼ
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ͻȻ˵㣬֪֪Ǹ
Ů˶԰ɣû˵꣬Ѿ˵𰸡
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һۿʱ򣬾Ѿ֪㲻ػصԶˣ߼һҶοôġ
ȫǿ˿ȡ˹Сһ־֢õҽʦҲ޲ߣ˵ʮ꣬ھѾҪʮˡǹҪֻȻϵС飬ֻСûȻϵĶ֣ҲС顣г֮ͬ⡣
һСݣж˿ù˵ˣȻϵСȻ󣬵ǻûе˷ĵطӦÿĵص
ţҲǣ
С㣡ͻȻ¶ı顣
ţɻؿ㡣
µˣҷֿߣȻ档
Ϊʲôɻ󲻽⡣
Ѿ֣һǲǻᱻҵƷԣһǷֿΪá



121 һµĿʼ
ƷᣬȻǾƷĿ
ֻǣ⾫Ʒȴ㣬˰죬ıֻӼƷǾƷˣֻǼ۸ˣˣǰԵͼԵöļ۸񶼺ܹҪǶôҲ
Ժ춼ˣûʲôöʧ˵׼ٿȥԺҲҪȥ֮ǵ硣
˳ȥҷӣԺһʱ佫֮ס£ų֮ǵĵطһܾʣԼкапյʱҲһ²ݿܵ
һܺ棬ԣһʺ似ĥǺǣУԲ档
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⣬ľϲ
㰵仰ʱŶʱ򣬾˵ģ⣬˾ϲ⣬Ҳ⣬˵
ϰ壬ⶫҪˣһŮеĶȻ̯ӵ˴
˭ô󵨣ٵĶ
ްѶҡһתͷͿްվߣԼеĶ΢ЦǸҲںһ
ֲģ㻹ûΪʲôҪ㡣ްҰ˵
Ұ
㻰˵һһ죬˻ⲢްɵûȥѾ˼ܵĶǺܲңû˿ԴֽϿʤ㣬仹ַ
ҵĶû˿Զߣ㵭ظްһ仰ȻͶϰ˵ϰ壬ʲôۣ
ˣ㻹˵Լʲô㣬˵ĻһһԸһĶ㡣ް˵ոǾ仰ܲɣǸҲ˵һǿͷ
ްӦ֪˶һ˽ģǲԼĶֻЩ˲˵߲ҷѡػص
вˣѵҺǸôΪʲô׽㶼ϴ
㲻ףҲ֪ʵΪ׷ŮӣǵһԸްҲҿ϶ǲװɱ˵ˡ
ûԵģްܿ϶˵
˵˵ɣǿĸŮӣ㲻ҪŮˣʥ鷳Ѿˣ֪𣿡
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ûлشֻΪʱַһ⣬ɺϰɡ
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ްڸ϶ˣΪٹϵͬһ㣬Ǻܿ͵ɴ۾ԼĶ䡣
ǣҪԼȥҪ㶫ǮӶ𡣡ֱӵػص
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ٽȥ˵㣬һûʱȥͷڣ罻Ҵһ㶨һУӶ𡣡
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СӻͣĴ̵Сܣϣ԰ްᣬֱȥԺŽ⿪˲ı˶һΡ


122 
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峿տջվţһ֪ڵĳˡ
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˵òڸոպþŵ㣬ǼǰԼʱҲǾŵ㡣
˵ǲ˵̫磬Ҳǰ׵ȡ
󲿷ֵʱ˵Լ˵ģҿû˵ȴܸɴֱ࣬ӵ˵û
ߣ߰ɡҲ֪ΪʲôһұΪ죬û뵽ֻһ졣һԹš
һߵţҲصվ㣬棬ϳԺĿʻȥ
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֮ǹȻǲΪ֮ǣһоȻŲٸˣͻȻҲУ˽⣬ǽ׻ڼ䣬Ｘÿ춼ҪеѪ¼
֮ǿûκιصĵطϵĵط̿ʲô⿿ʲô俿ʲô
֮һ⣬ҪȥǷ˿ܵԸ
ҲһЩĵĹأǲС޶£˵ҲǳģЩ⡱ĵطĵֻ̣һ취ġ⡱ԽãǮԽ࣬ʹڳĵطҲԽࡣ
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֮һ仰֮ǵĵطԽ󣬾ʹŵʵԽǿ
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һǰͣǲݿǾҪʱõģʮ궼ûойĻ飬Ѿרóء
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ڻѾһˣҿӣʱǽʱ򣬴˶ʱ
ǰһŵλã˵ûλϵĽȴϵĹ涨һʸڵڼš
Ĵ֮һĴС㣬ǰʸǾԵС
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Σڣ֪ȴԵʲô¶ûзġ
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ٵ仰һˣǸһʹѩ򡤼ӰУͬԼǲҵˡ
ƶѣȻ˵˳һһļʺܵͣҲļʡΪԼйأУҲһ޹صġ
˵ģʺֻܵͣѪԵϵ˲ŻĿܡ
ֱ˵ⲻоˣҶ޹ϵ
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ȷֵоȴ⣺ˣҲֻʶѣҾ͵ҡ
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Ҳһϲ㻹һ⡣
ߣȻҲǰʣһȥǸһˡٲ˵˵ͬʱؼҲ˵ĵϸ֪ͨĽǧѰˣһ㳤ú
ΪһЩķͬʱҲһ¶ˡ
ûãῪʼˣһʼֻһͨĶȻԶѵģһʼԽԽ󣬳ɽļ۸Ҳڽһδν߳ٸ߳ߵĸ߳
󼸼ʱ򣬱֮̾Ϣֱ֮Զʮʮҳɽͬһˣް
ްĵʱ򣬶ῴһۣôûж
ް˳ĵļǮ⣬оǴҶ֪ҵĴС㣬̫֮ҡ
ңõҲһûãһ˵Ҳ΢ϰ
ΪҲҪӵģҸƣǶֵõѱҲһᱻˡ
ڣǽһƷ֮ػҲˣҶӦ֪ʮۣÿνмǧҡ
һΪһκܼҵĽû뵽ʼֻйһμۡ
һ򣡣һȴöӺ
󷽣ǮеλЩ˶ǰ棬˶Щ쳡ϵģῪʼڣҲ
ǴҶ󷽣Դ˶һѩİŮŮ˪Ҷеһ⣬Զ룬ҲʾΪġ
˭˵жðһ⡣


123 һŮ
㿴ŮһۣžͻعͷȴСĳ˵Ůֵãʱ䡣
Ů˭ûȥ룬죬ˣ֪û֪飬ڡ
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ֳҲֻһ˶ǶŮţɻͬʱҲһֱĸо
ŮԻһ㣬ܿͻָˣҲҪһ㣬ڳ˶עŮķӦֻע⵽٣ްоϾ
ȴŲͬ뷨ϰΪΪ͸ˣް֣ʲôʱȥľɫˣϾ뷨գֻϲʲô뷨ȥ²ˣֻԼС㡣
ʵ㣬˵ŮǲǺ
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ǲŮӣЦʵԺУϹһ£Ҳ˳֪еĿ
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Ҳǡص
ǣǾ˵Ҫģ۷⿴㣬ԣһԡ
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ͬʱԺиֳһ˫۾һžգҲƶֻǸ˸оӵ˫۾ŮǾǿ͹ϵģҪŮһ֣ҲŮ
ƶ˵ƶɣô˵ٲ֪ƶʱ䷢ʲô£ֻ֪ĽǧѰһѣɫϻϣҪʤǡ
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һ򣬵ڶΣ
һ򣬵Σɽ֮ػѾ520С㡣
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ҲŮôҾ棬˳ԣСҲͬˣպܿͱ졣
˶ڴֻС飬ҲһΨһСĻᡭ
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һɫȹӣһɫ͸ĳڱһֻʮָߵСŮȻϵС飬ϵСֱɫΪǶȻĲûԱ𣬲ȴŮӵ
˵ոǰŮ޵ĴʣСǿɰĴˣµµС壬һСĻһ˶ôСǾǳɰģһ㡣
еĲ࣬һǰһĸоڿС֮󣬾˵һ仰
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ȵȣҿߡٿҪ֮ж֣ȥߣֱ۱ڻУ˿㡭

ĬһᣬȻ˵ðɣ㿴ַ꣬ܲܰſҺܲ
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ʮ򣡣˿ȿʼмˣһӾͼʮ˶
Ǯͨ£Ӧ˵Ѿɹ£ȴһ˳֣ͬҲһŮźɫ·Ů
ʮ򣡡
ŮŮôأû֪
Ҷ̶ͬĴ̵ҶҴС㣬Ҷ˹һֱСٱֱۣ˵


124 ҳ۶
˿ȿһҶ̶Ȼƽ³֣һ򣡡
Ҷ̶˷ʱ䣬ֱӽǮߡ
Ҷ̶һ£û뵽˿Ȼֱӽ۸һһδȼӼۣһʮ
ֻһҧȻһǧң
ȻҶ̶Ӽ۵ķ͵ı׼ȴû˻Цܼӵһ١ࡱˣ
ֵ˿ȷˣû뵽Ҷ̶ۣȻһ򣬵ǳһҲνġ
˿ЦЦ˵һһ򡣡
һһǧ
һ򣡡
ŮʼǧǧļӼֻۣһ롪
ǮΪԼǮˣΪԼ׬һմմϲ˼ңŮˣۺһˡ
ڳģԼһƽ񣬶ǮⶫҪ̫࣬þС
ԣþУҵһܺõοԼ
Ժ󣬵ԺҷҪΪĸĴ̸ȥﰵġ
ʱ뵽һСС⣬˳٣С㣬Ĵ̼ȻһǲҲڣ
ڣҶ̶ߵǸɫͷŮˣпɪա˹٣ǰ˹ټС㣬ǰС㣬μСáӦýйС㣬ʮüˣû޳ȥЦ˵ɪաС㡱ʲôڣӦǼгͻ
뵽ֱʵĴ̣ǲǷֳɼɣ
ţҶ밲˹ټǺϵ˹ΪҶźܶͬ⣬кܴìܣҽѾã˹ټΪҶҵĹϵҲʼ˹ռŵһλã˹ҲǴڶ档ٻش
㷢û˵Լҵʵأ
֪㲻ңô˵Ҳ㡮δޡͲܶעһ𣿡Ц˵һ֪ЦҪǱ仰ֱۣͷļϣǻ᲻ΪڿЦ
˵Ĵ𰸶Ƿ񶨵ģˣǻ
δޡʲôصȻ㶼£һ˻ʲô
ڳ˰Ц˵仰֮󣬾˵Ҽ֮нľ棬ȫҸ׵ѪһʼֻһС̣岢ûгͻҲûʱɡ
ŶѾˣҲûмˣʱѾӵһ
Ҳгһ
ӦöѾ˼ޣ˼Ӽ۵ٶԽԽ֪
Ҷ̶ٳٲмۣʦҲѯ˼ҪҪӼۣееˣ˵ҪߵʱһŮߣ˵㣬ҼСȥһ¡
һͷ˲Ǳǿ˿ȵŮϾ
ϾСòɽˮҪݰɣ㻹Ǹİɣû³Ͼ˼ʱΪʲô¡
ǲݿܾٱģԸŲˣϴǮֻܳǮڵģʱ򸶲ǮǲݿǿɲǺǵģǵùϵǮҪƷջء
ƿ˿ϴǮҪұˣʶ˳٣㣬õĶ󣬵εľңٲԼǣȥͲǮ˿ȡ
֮£ֻСӶô죬ҲҲһǮĹ壬ֻΪȥӶ
ʲô˵ҪҲԸ㣬ҼС㣬ȻͻˡϾ
롭
ãҸȥС㣬ſ֣˦ٵ֣͸Ͼȥ˿ȵߣеҶ̶ּһμۣڵȴ˿һߵġ
˴ҵҲעߣ˭
㹫ӣ˿Ȼô񣬲ûϾҲֱ֣òƾͳһ˸ее
ˣҶ֪ҿ԰һҸ㶨ºҪ˫ļǮҲҡֱӵ˵һӾ׬һĺ˭
аһҾͿԽΪ˵ᣬҲǲݿܵĵطʱһЩķ
ãɽ˿Ȼôܰ쵽ҲԷóһġ
ͬʱҲ˵һ£˿һҾͿԽԷұƵ̶ȣ֮ǰ׼ıȽϳԣҲ֤˹һ̵λá
ãƾϼӼۣһOKƾҶ̶ķȥ
Ҫʲô
ڲֹ˿⣬ްҶ̶е˶ףΪʲôҪҶ̶
ߵҶ̶ߣȻһơ
һ򣡡
ڿ˿Ƚмոأ̻һݺݵıҶ̶Һ˵ŮˣҳҾ϶㣡
䣡˿ȸеԼԴҪˣȻ
Լˣ¶࣬һ䱾ˡްﰵˣҲûеزҵô˵ֱ˵в˵Ļ
Ҷ̶˶ͣԴ˺Ǿȡ
ιмʦְ̫רҵˣлҳҲȤʦ
Ҳǽлҳ
һûбߵģһһΣʦȻΪǱӣֿʼְͨᣬҲϳȥ
ǲݿǵᣬһ첻֪Ҫٴвûжֵ£Ǿͻӵ
ڶΣ
ʦڶεʱҶ̶ѾϿԼܷӼۣɪ΢΢ͷòǻټһΡ
ûټӼ۵ģûУС3ŵλС㣬һ򣬵ڡ
һҶ̶˵һ֣ͷԼĿгȻĻɫһ䣬ͷ³Ż˼
ΣɽҶ̶ЩʱʦҲѾˡ
Ҫɱ㣡ʦָأҶ̶󺰣Ϊ֣һͨǿ飬׼졣
ǵҶ̶ʱȴѾˣǿˣĻȵ˷Ӧʦ
η·ֻصһʱ򣬻޳ܡ


125 εҽʦ
ˣܵúܸɴֱ࣬뿪ᣬһѵС˭
һЩƻ˹⣬Щ˾Ȼһûֵ˼Ϊ
ǶǲݿܣԶΪ飬Žʹ죬μӼҲӲ˶ˣÿ˿ȵõСҲνοǮҲԶԶԤڣζԤڣܵ˵εǺܳɹģǳĳɹ
ݿܱϾǲݿܣ˻źܴ
ã
˿ˣһأϾҪõǮ׼һлͷҲеǮϵãǿһ㣬ھͲһŹ
еǮþ򡭡
С㣬µġϾӻóһƱͨһٽһŵ֣ǡͨˡҪĽƱȻҲͨģ̫Ҳûطá
˿ȽӹƱеɻʵʲôʱģ߾һ£ȻȥŻҶ̶žˣмʱǡ
ҽʱ򣬾͸ˡϾش仰ÿ˿ˣһʼʹˡ
ˣȥǮ˿ĿǰҪĻСǩԼȷһš
ţϾҲڴ뿴˿СǩԼԻָΪħš

УԲУ붼Ҫ롣Ǽûаء
ֻĵڶ죬㻹ڳ͵ʱ˿ȣϾͻȻ֣ʱĿ˿ȿһ仯͸ȻϢҲþܶࡣ
ȻСѾãһҵĶȻǲͬ찡
ٿڳͣϼһ𣬲ĵһͣҲһһΡ
ͣеϤе㲻ؿ٣ڻ֪ôʶԼģôҪԼġδޡ
ȴЦЦ͸㣬ȻԼһʳﵱͣԵĲ⣬оϵʳʵ̫ˡ
㵱ʱٵΪȴûж룬ӹͳ
֮پ˵ǹĿģ׼ȷ˵ǿ˿ȹĿģֻ˳㿴סʲôĻ¡
ҲΪھСԺ档
ڿ˿ȱ֮˵Ǿ仰ܾ
ΪʲôУѵϾֵҲ̫СˣҪûа취ҲŲὫ㣬ȻҶʮҲһС˿Ȳ˵˵
˵ʲôǿ˿ҪϾ㣬Ϊұ
û˿ȾҪϾѺΪûǮ
õóһҵĵһĴС㣬òңϻҪҵĻͲˡ
ȻҲֻĿǰûУȥԺ󣬻ߵĵطϾͻңΪ˵ãϾΪѺֻʱԵġ
УϾΪѺߣĿģĿľǡ
ֵʮңҲǶ˵ģ˵ΪһѺƷȫԵģʱһҪԺȣҿҲ֮Ǹ׸ֱ˵˵ȫںߵϾѾʼ˵û
㻹øСˣǮͿԣʱֱҡ˵һܼ򵥵Ĵ취˵Ҳ鷳˵òʱҲҪȥͷڵǮͬʱһҲҪصǡ
˵˿ûĿģҲõİ취ȴĿģͲܡ
Ҳ鷳٣ֻ֮飬ֻǵϾѰɣǺãչһ죬Ҿ͸ʮң˰ɡ˿û˵ķҲ֮Ǯſҵͻƿڣ˵ֻиô
У££ҾͰ͵ңʱҪӻͷѡܸɴĴӦ
£Ҳˣº˿ʵ
Ҷ΢ЦŻش
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ҪǴѾͷߵĻһ׸ڣٺ١
Ǻã˵ˣʱû˹Ͼڿʼ㹫ӵߣʱΪŮ˿ȶϾ˵
õģС㣬һźùӵġϾϷĺܿ죬Ѿֱ֣ǽйӡ
￴ҪʲôطҪʰģ㹫ӣһΣ˿ȶ˵
˵ƽʱĻһܾԼ뿪ʱ֪˿һʲôҪ˵Ҳ㵱Ͼ˵
ô˵˿ҲίˣίԼչϾҲҪҪȥġ
˵ɣʲô£뿪СԺ֮󣬾ֱʵ
Ҳ֪ϾëҶҺˣȴǸӣҰĲκá˿Ҳͬżɽ˵
㲻ʵҲǸҩ𣿡ûҩûãֻΪţԼҩԲûЧá
ǣҩãһʱҩ˯ĺܰȣһͿʼ£˵ԼӦ˯̫ôҲϳҩҲһҺˣҲһĵģҾ뿪һʱ䣬κ˿ȼ˵õѡ񣬼ȿ뿪ңҩӵߣʲôԾҲʱ֡
ˣ˵ھһҽʦϾĲˣΪβʱ䣬Űٽҡ
ֻҽʦεúβãһǮ
˼ˣһÿ˯ðȵġص
Ҿлӣˡ˿һȻ뿪ˡ
뿪֮һ߿ŵ˵ʲôʱߣ
磡ٻش˵ô㲻δޡƻĺ°ɡҾ㣬ǸϾֻʱѾͷʱ䲻ҪʲôȻÿġ
˵˰ɣ߰ɣˡٵĻ
ˣܸܲһǱ𣿡Ц˵
ܣ΢ЦһȴĹĵ뿪
С裬һǡ
Сǣһ£ĵƤѣ


126 һǿ
·ҿԣҪ··ƣ
仰صղԭգ֮£һС̶ǰվһ꣬ļϻͣһֻܿɰɫСǰϲһѽ΢紵ĺڷ𡭡
תеݿܵ㣬ȻֻʱģĵһΡ⡱˱ȽС̶֣ͬʱΪ˵ҵıĴٱ
ɣһ֮Ͼסˣ㿴һڷ
˵ĴЦ쳹ա
û̶ӵǷȴǱסǾù죬ЦԼȻֻС̶ûδɵСҲ٣һһˡ
㿴ĴŴ磬һֱСôһүӣһ·ٵǿ
ϾߣڴҲ˺ܶ࣬ǰ⣬ȻⲻΪΪϾˣΪϾΪ׼µ·ľ·
ȻҪŮϾͻ߾ܣźʳסУֻʱģҲһ
㱾·ûʲôֻҪУ··ֲҪԼǮ·ϾԼϻǮģǮòǿ˿µġ
·ıˣͷҲűˣÿֻһ£ڲͬˣϾǾֻڵȴ͵ʱ򣬲ŻϾʱ鷳ԼŪ¾ˡ
ϾָĺܺãΪһ˯ˣʱûµʱÿոպȥ˯ֱڶ峿˯ڼôѣһ仰ݣһͷ
ȻǲҪźģϾһҲʼ˯֮ҩ˯ڶ峿׼ϴˮ׸ɾ·׼͡
ദϾ˽⵽Ҫϴ裬Ҫ·Ȼ֣ΪʲôÿҹһǺɫĺգ·Ū࣬ѵҲʲô
Ͼȥʣֻÿ콫ı·ϴɾΪҪʱ򣬾ͻ
Ժʱ䳤ˣϾйɵģһ䵭ҪûкɫʱͻȻֱúܺڣһһı䵭ֱôһ죬㲻кںһȴǺܾúܾԺ󣬶Ҳûи⵽ô£ͬʱҲûи˵ġ
ֻܣû֪ڳŶҩձ䵭ΪҩЧԽԽͻȻڣΪֻһֶǿҩûˣֻΪѾҩá
ʱÿȥ̽ϢϰԼ似Ͼÿ˳ȥƷСԺɨ÷䣬ϴ·һбӦǿջ飬Ҳ˵һΣǼûˡ
Ͼǿϰ似Ժӿ飬ƽ
˵飬⻹һ飬ֻΪоҩ飬Ϊ뵽һֶҩ䷽ܳȥϣͷʯϣûջȥ
ϾˣͰ֪ҩ飬һʱͷܿ죬ͱеĶסˣһʰ
ܿ죬ȥҩ鿴һЩȽϻģǱ̫߼ˣܶطҪǰź˿ȣɡòҽȫ˵ʲô
㲻ͬרоҩҩֻǸƷ򵥵˵оɱԵϾоЩҩʲôôôˣоԵҩ
ҲûԼо˵Ķҩһ飬һλʹ
Ͼ֮ǵӾ˵ļ򵥣ƽĿǰ˵ͲͬҪУҪݿܡ
ڵ㣬ȺЦӶˣ˵ҵĻ͸ҷŴһ㣬ԹԽ·ƣȻȫҪϵһ
ңʵҲ·ƣ˵·㿪·ԣһӶʹסǻǻ̲סЦС̫Цˡ
ǲԭʲô··Ҫ֮ǵģС̶ӣ·ȻڲԭϴС
һȺ׳գûǱٵĿںԺǵƣǵҵһ¿ںšܲˬ˵ɱٵĿںš
ҵţҲʮҵĿںţڣ㻹ǻؼұŮɣЩүϲĵİϷӶصİ㵱үҲ룬ղԭүӻġ
ŮУʱģٲʲôүԳƱٵľүǱԳƹˣǲǻʵ̺ôӶҵģȱ湻ˣͻȥʶһʲôӶòڴ̼ǸӶ
ĻȴӶ϶һĹүȻôͻȻҪӶ֪㱾һӶ
˵ʲôӶôݿȥӶ̶ӣ˭Ӷȥݿܣ˭ӶȥӶ̶ӡ
ֻҪ㲻ʱ˭ʲôһ㣬ȴںһϰӶٲҲνͻḺ𣬲Ų
ͲҪҲˡӶѾˡ
ҲӶǿܶҿȻϣͨôһ㡣֣Ĵָʳָ֮Ͼͷֿˣķֿ
Ӷһ£Ȼ̻죬⽣
ٺ٣ˣҪľ
һǰӵϰγŽһγҲûõʣֱӭӶһʮȽб
һȻ򵥣ķȴߴң򵥣㽣ʵģҲһܡ
Ӷƾ;һ͵һסʱӶеԼڷ飬ǿһǴûʹö
ôģʱӶֳ︡⣬һΪһѾûʱˡ
飡Ӷ˳ȥصˤϡ
СӲعأ
˶ڱһͬʱſʼӶ߷ɣ˺ڱȽʱš
˭˵ܵʱȽŹ򣬲عأعصĻҾͲݿˡ


127 صݿ
ǻһϰɣЩӶ˵
ϣɵСӣӶǿŭˣ㲻عصĻҲ᲻˼һϣȻһеϣ¾ͽһӶǲʵ
ʵСӣ
˷ܣĿľΪ˴ܣԣУ似
ɣñøһЩɣ
ӭӶǣ㲢ûʹκεħҲûʹκεʽӦУȻУǾҪһС
Ӷ裬̣ն
򵥵ﵽЧĳɹҪ׷ģ軪ֻЧС֡

ţ

ҽУǴǳԣһ𣬲ԭ֮ϣһ΢֮УϵĲݵϣһȺŵӶ
ǿǰĻ棬е뷨ֻĸݡš
ǿһ꣬ȻڱһȺӶΧ£ӶһһһûʹκεĴУûгʵĽȭͷ˫ţһȺսӶȫڵء
ܹȻģ
㰵һ䣬ȻӶԼҲˣˣϾʹκ£УȷǱⲻ˵顣
Ϊĥ似㻹Ժ󻹻һѶȣʱܻܵصˣǱġ
û˿Բؾ򣬶ֱӳΪһָ֣һ仰꣬ôܼʺ硣
κ£κγɹҪ㸶Խ࣬õҲԽ࣬ҲԽɹ
ڣǸűٵĻ·ƣÿ˶Ҫϵһ㶫ȻԺô졣ƽ˵
ҪɱǣƽЩ˸е£оһԲϾͻɱǣϽЩǮƻչǰ
Щ˾ǺúŪһžϸ㡰ﰵȴûκεı飬߹ȥһЩĴ
УڸһʲôأҿɲŻˣ˵Ļ˵ٺ٣

ӣ·ôˣôˣ㱳һƤȥʱ·ѪϾе֡
Ƥ˶ѣȥһ̶ӣõһЩ㿴ûá΢ЦŻشȻƤϾ
ϾûнӹΪĻ֮󣬾﷢ˣ̶ӣ⵽ʲôʲô
ӣȥ̶ʲôǹ壬ôȥ飿
壿ҴͲԼǣ̶ӣȻΪܸɴػش
ϾûлˣһûйĹ壬˻ĹӣȻֻʱġ
ǿʲôϾӹƤһ涼·Ůӵ·Ȼ·һ·ֵǺܸߡ
ûСһѶ࣬Ӳ֪ʲôȥʲôˡ
ˣϾܽȥ׼㴦˿ڡ
һߣǸС̶ӵĿĵ֮һȺ˵Χۣг˺棬мʶеˣǰʵ
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ˣղԭһ̬Сӣһ˻ˣһЩȫɹͷ
ԭҪµĶͷÿ˵ͷŮһĶԴ
һΣ¼ʼˣѾ֪ղԭϣһƹӸΪصݿܡ
ԺԽԽ㣬ֻΪݿܻڼ٣ÿδٵ࣬Ҳȴ֮һӶȫſ£ǲ
⻹ֵĵطֵǣһħȴħһ似ȴöӶʹ˴ĶħȻãƴҲá
úܶ˶ɣһᶷģֻǿȥӦС
ڣݿܶûаνһֱʵĽӦЩܵӶе޹⣬Щ˶ħӶ޵ݡ
ʱһδεȥ٣ԽԽǰֻǴС̶ӣѾٴ͵ġ
ͬʱܵҲԽԽأϾÿζʹһӣĬĬΪ㴦ƣҽҲʱߣҪչ˵㣬ҲС
Ͼֵһ£ÿ˻֮󣬵ڶȫһ˵ˣ˿Ҳϵĺܿ죬ֵǣ˿ڵ󶼻ʧ
ϵ˿ֻЩǰȫȥ˺ۼϾ벻ֻ̥ͨܽһࡣ
ƤŮ˻ãŮ˶ʼɲ˵˰̶סⲻǹ̥ʲô
Ͼ֮ǵȥһÿȥ٣һÿѧϰҽһƣһ˽˻ʿ
һ似ڼߣһҽҲſߡ
ʱ˹һת۾͹ȥ˴꣬ʱղԭϵһһݿŻڲݴУ׼·˴̶ӡ
̶ӳߵʱ򣬲ݿǴſˮġ򡱣⡰򡱿ǵʱȴһҪˡ
Ǹ۷ӣǹȥ
ǧҪӷ֣ȻҪȥҽʦˡеĲݿܶǲ뱻ǳӡ˷֡
ȴܱķ֣ԼЩ˶㲻Ǹӵһֻۡ
ɣҪˣȻҾͷŻյƬĲԭһһֻ۾źɫֵ꣬Щݿܲĵط΢Ц˵
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Щݿܰһ䣬ΪѾչܶνѵ֪⡰۷ӡ˵óõȻҲӡ
衭٣ִӹԭߡݿͷЦ˵ȻֱתܣĲݿҲһ£תܡ
ʲôٰɣǵרҵ󺰵
ܲŹֻ֣ܰᣬٲҪһҽҩѣҽʦСӵŮԲСӡ
Լ˴ˣŮ׬Ǯ޳ܵҲֻһó


128 һҹ
û˼ôû١ԭıԵһźòƶ۵һƥ̾һ̶ӡ
̶ӵȴһ·ϱߣȥ˵Ϊ˱ݿܣһ·ȴݿܣ֪Щݿܵλãصȥײǡ
ҪЩݿܿܣ̶ӵ˶ɣǴԼ˴ٵġ
ҪЩ̶ΪʲôԸ꣬û취Ǳ̶ӵˣǿбģǽ̶ӵӶܣȻ˵ԼôǿҪǣĲգĺ¶ײˣӦøлˡ
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˯ֱӵػشһ˵ĻֻĽ취
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˯ڿҽ᲻㣬ҪҸطסҲú񲻺ʣðɣʰһ·һȥ
ӣǵ·ǶѾʰ𣿡Ͼ֣Ǹոջģ·ڰУֻŻҸطסͿԣкʰ
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ţϾæͷһӶˣȥѧԺᣬԼѧԱȻÿ춼ҪȥѧԺʱһÿ쿴
ֻ֪һ£ǳӿδܳѧԺһϡ飬ȥѧԺ漣
ܿ죬ϾʰĶͽԼĶķֿţȻܿ죬ţͼѧԺǰ

ʲô£㷢ѧԺú֣˱úܶܶ࣬ǰѧԺȫһˡ
м󲿷ֵ˶ʶȻ˵ʶ˲࣬еĸоڵЩ˺ܶİģûмġ
ѵЩԴˣ뵽Ψһ;
ʲôԭʱоеЦѧԺһΣڷżȫУģγһĶԱȡ
һеֵģѵʱǶӦѵŶԣôУ԰Ϲţ
벻ͨ벻ͨ
ǾͲҪȥˣҲЩֱѵȥȻ似ZȽң似A38ȴǹ̶ѵҲڣԼͿԱˡ
Ҳ˳㿴ƶ֪ԼѾˣûƭ
С衭ʱͻȻԭڸŵС裬ֲ֪ʲôط棬һ£Ȫϻų
֣Ȫ겻õģΪСУʹħȥƶȻһĳɱֻһңΪĸߵѧԺȴһֱԸ⻨Ǯ
ôУͻȻˣȪ
УΪʲôȪãУ԰˲Сˣƽ˼ֻ֮⡣
Ͼ￴С裬ȥȥͻҲСĵ档
ǵģӡϾͷصȻȪĳ£ؿС裬ϴ΢Ц
΢΢һЦдеᣬ似ѧԺһѵȥ;кܶİˣҲͬ·ģһѵȥġ
һСЩİ˵ĻȿȣǲСģ͵ҷġ
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Ϊ˿һѧԺеıʲôû͵ˣǲСΪЩû˵ֻ˵һʢ£˵һʵı
ˣʱʰʦģѧԺҪٱʲô£ȻҲֻǿмûк飬ûʲô档
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Σ˰ޱ
Ϊһ¡
ЩˣͿҪ·סôȥ
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Сģˮˡ󺰵Ȼǰȥ
йȻЧǰˣʶıܿǽǺܺ񣬱ҵ϶˹ȥ
ڰ
һһѵﾹȻĳ˰ޱӰѩһ֣ѩħѧԺô似ѧԺġ
ѩ򣬻кܶħѧԺѧԱڣ似ѧԺѧԱһһһѵ
Щ㿴͸ˣôԼ뿪һ꣬ˣһ껹ݼٵһ̫꣬˰ɡ
ˣˣҰ
׾ҵֻΪǰŮѧԱ̫ͻˣѵٴҲܿһȺŮһѵš
Űȥһֵ飬;ЩѵѧԺѧԱһֵֺԼԼѵߵԽãԽ˿Լ
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㻹ʲôŮǣŽָ㣬Բı֣


133 
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㻹ţǲǸĽѵͷ¶Ƚе
ѵʲôʱҵĽѵܽѵ˱𣿡òƻûлָ֮ԳƱ١
٣ЩŮӵᣬڳ˼ŵķƶĽǧѰʼʵ
ҪˣǴûмûƤģ˲ˣڻƭˡ¶һֱӣԳ֮Ϊֱ
㿴¶ȵˣֿƶƺʲôֻǣʱһЩԼ޹ص飬һǹôõ顣
ѾôһԼ񡭡
һߴţٱȡû¶ȵˣֱӴǣ
¶ȵŮȥǲǵסĽ֪ô£Ҳ֪ʲôʱ򣬴Լʧһ̳
Ҫű٣ЩСѾͷƬӻ˵㡣ŵ˵Ȼ־ͽеĽӵһߡ
ιòƲݿܵϰԻûиĹѵ˵ұͬˣ˵ҵıԣܰɡ
ҡҡͷ뷨Ժ󣬻һƽ׽˵΢ЦȻ΢Цһ;е٣Ǻ֣û˻ò
˶һָˣʲô似Լôû˵ˣ
ȿȣпУһЩƵļɣȻЩǲ͵ģȥͣҲҲûбҪñ֪
ڲ֪УѾѧԺķϲģѧԺѧ޷ԽĶֻÿ춼絽ڣһֱûмϹ
ֻʱһ㣬Ǵ󲿷ֵʱежҲܳܵġ
ûãֱסˣסĲˣһֻ׻СףзƶڵĵطСס
𡫡С׶ƺս㡣
Сϴˣħ޵ֱҪǿϺܶ࣬ı֣ΪԻΪĿģһҲŬţƶһҪϳ㡣
ֻսڱ˵ͳ˵㡭
Ҫսң±ӱ˵ǰԼеСףһΰԻС׾޴תڿлȻصˤһߡ
С׳ʹصС
ÿζҪҽѵһٲŰȣĴȥҪұС׺ݺݵ˵
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±һҪˣһҪͷϡ
ʱ򻹲֪ԼΪǷŭҪ֪һֻɰĶŮеĵλʱǺǿġ
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¶ȵŮһνΧǻûô췴ӦǾС׵ĳͷŭ죬붼ûΧϵıûм
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ƶǸʲôǲиһ˳ֹСǲðҡʱһˡ
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¶ȹȻǿ֪Էҵүѵһ١
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СꣿȻŮʮ˱䣬ԽԽƯһ겻ͱп
𣿡С΢΢һ죬û뵽
˵ҵĻǲŵģ
СһȻŭ㣬ķֺͶʣԺֺ졣
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ףһʼ㣬Ϊ׬Ǯ£ۻȴС㲻ˡС뵽ֻһֱûеõȷϣ̬ȣǰԼ͹
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޳ܣ˶һۡ
һ˶񺮣÷ƶЦСε顪
СףþûˣһöԵĶ㽫ԼҧһڵˮС׵С˳Ծ£ᣬѾҧһڵˮ


134 У
ʦˡߵǰ棬Ȼܼ򵥵˵
ţҽı˵һĽܴѾҵˡ
ѧһ;ˣڽĲΣֻǸ˵Ŀػ
ͷ˵˵ûҲҾܴ󣬶ԼȴֻǺСһô˵ҶϣԼǰš
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֪ôһ¶ȣ˵˵֪ġֳɵͨã˷ѡ
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ŶؾͱȽ϶ˣŶӱԱҲֻΣԱҪһѧԺģҲǵȻģȻУǵȻѧԺѧԺĶԿ
һѧԺֻɳһ֧飬ֻҪˣǿԼˣǲ֧ܳ
ֻһ˵һѧԺֻһ֧飬ļģΪԼѧԺĿѹѧԺǴ½ϵļѧԺƾеģһֱ߶ֻѧԺһ߶Űǵ̤ʯ
ıԹȽѡ־αԣʤƣεʤͿֶ̭ԼҲսģʽһһϣȥʤļ£˭Ķ黹վڳϣ˭ʤߣһ֣һϣʮ˻սͲٽܹˡ
¶ȵ˵Ժ󣬵ͷţܲС꣬ġ
õ仰˭µΪʲôͻȻ֮Ҳ֪Ҫʲô
Ϊڳˣûһ˲֪Сһ֣ԼǸѾıȶ֮ľľ֡
Уһιʼʩ
İɣҾԲ㡣СС˵òƶԸոյ黹
Ϊ׬ǮͿʼС꣬ʵ˵ʵҪҪȻ˲Ưĵغá

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ˣδޡнң̿㹻ˣȻ㲻׬ǮұҲһ˵٣뵽ԼĶӦ׬ǮҲһԣСǿ
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ƶһʵ㣬δޣ˵ǧѰ𣿡
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ң˭һӵϵġδޡҲ˵лл˼ҡû˵еԹģȴĳ˸ӵˡ
Ŷԭ˵١ĽǧѰеʧ˵
ҲˣԭֻЦĳƺ֮飬ЩŮٶ֪һ㡣
٣㲻ҪˣξԲҪСҪԼӪɱ㡣
Ҳ룬û취˭δޡҪǣҲͻŮˡһε˵ţȻͻȻʵ㣬Ͼ
СȪǱߡôͻȻУô֪ߣе֣˵ٲӦ֪ġ
ٻش㻹֪ɣ˿ھҲμεУ
΢΢üμôϾȥҲãҵǷ˽ˣҲˡ
㻹ǲżˣ˹е⣬ҲΪ˿ȲûȥϾ˵ͬʱҲһ¡
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ּȿ֤ԼڵļֵֿΪ׵飬ǿ˿ĿǰҪ飬Уṩ


135 
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˵ţҲŵʱһῼһ㡣
ˣ˵Ļʲô
ȴһҲ⣬Ц˵Ǿ˵ˣҪĻҪסźѡˡ
ҲУٵӦһ˴۾ǵûзŭһץסԷĻ˵¡
ˣ˵£˿ȼȻϾţƶӦܶסһŮӰɣʵ
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΢΢һЦ˵ǾϾʱסп𣿡
еģҺһȥϾȥᡣƶƽػشѩȻܲ³ҪȥϾ顣
ţ߰ɡͷƶ˵ܾúùĻ
ֻ˵̬ȣڳ˳˷濤⣬еʮֵľȣµĻǾǳٶˡ
мĽǧѰеһʧ䣬֮󣬻ǺǰһûԼһʺûУƺŮչĹϵҪԼܵĶ࣬ʧͬʱҲеһ˿ѹеһ˿ʼɡ
ԼĳϾҪˣҲǲܵ飬ֻԼʮ졭
Ǹʲôȥѵ׼˼ͷַǵƶԼߣ٣ĽǧѰ¶ȵȰȫŮǱ뿴ֵģԵġ
ҶͻȻֵϾܸȤ
㿴һҲеʱ򣬾ֻ˵ĸ֡Զԡ
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ⲻӿΣѧԺ߶ѡЦŻص
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ҲԣһȺ˸ԼǸͲעˣǶġ
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ҲΪѩڶڿ֪ΪʲôԼԼʶʱкںȴ֪ʲô
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ΪʲôԼΪʲôҪˣΪʲôҪ
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㿴һ۰ޱ˵С㣬ǲ죬벻ҪңʱҸ̰ɲҪҡ
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û˵ε飬ѩҲһֱ֪Լʶһˡ

С裬ˣӴ˹ϾҾСҲ湻ˣͳѣȻֻѣǾͿС˼
Ͼ֪С̬ȣһǷ֮СҪʲôʲôȻҲ˵ǲεΪ
С˼ˮͷɵתš
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Ͼǣһ񣬺йأ˸е죬߾ȻһȫŮʵ̫˼ˡ
㣬ʱŮ治ϾּˣʶҰɡ΢Ц˵
С㡣Ͼһ
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Ҫе㲻ܸɴ˵ٸһ£ҵʦġ
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㣬ܲܵҼȥһ£ĽǧѰס
󣿶ˣ֪ˣһȥġ˵ҵĳûȥȥУ̸̸ʱԼλҲҪ˳
ʱƶڵĳѾˣУѾˣҲҰˣʱֻҪ˹Ϳԡ
ллʮ˭пվ͹񡣡㷢˺֮˾ˡ


136 Ůʳ
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㣿ҪȣƶʵòУſڵȰɡ
УſڵȹӹϿΡ
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ӾϿ𣿡Ͼʵû˵һѧԺԼԼΪһѧԱӦϿΣͻѧԺ
ǵģǰһ²ѧԺȻôʱ䲻пܼ춼᲻Ӱƶش
֪ˣϾͷ֪ҲȴûлȥǼȥ
Ͼ㻹ȥƶɻʵ
ţпܲҲпܻҪȥϾƽ˵ţȴ˼ᶨ
Һһȥɡƶ΢Ц˵û֮⣬෴Ͼ̬ȺϿɣŽһְŮ
ӽпܣҪȥţһ㣬Ϳ÷ƶϿɣһ÷ƶͬǣԼϾڵ飬ȴû͸¶һϢɾǾ仰
ǹӵ飬ûйӵͬ⣬Ҳ˵
ƶһȻϾһȥѧԺ֮У˵ĺСס
ڷƶϾȥãһĹǷ𣬽Ƿˣ˵ǧѰƶϾǸɵѾͷȥУſڵˣҪҪȥ
Ƿ˾¶ȣ˵ĶȻĽǧѰϴУԵ¶ȶƺҲȽһ㣬ƶϾĶԻӴпȥ
ȥʲôֲһĽǧѰոϴУȫ֪ʲô¡
ϾǸɵѾͷ˵пܻ֣ҪȥȡҹҪȵˣôܻԹϿΡ¶ֱӰѧԺĿԽ㣬յϣΪǼܵ顣
ȷһȥ顣ĽǧѰҲһͬ¶ȵĻǰһ£ʧȥ񣬽ŲŻѧԺһʱ䣬ȻǲӰ
ǵҲȥһУšĽǧѰϴٶȼӿ죬㲻ҲҪȥΪƶǱ⣬ΪϾ㽻иǵʱŮ
ǺһΪ֮㣬Ϊ֮ȵĻˣѧԺѧԺſڣĸŮƺڵȴ˭
ܶ˶˻Լȴ֪Բܣ֪ĸŮڵʱ򣬼˶һΪĸŮҪ׵ˣǲֵܳġ
ǵСһСӼЩʲôȴһصĻ棬ԭֱ֮˵һ仰
ǻǲҪװվˣȥɣ

Ͼ͸ҴȥZ࣬λãһ¡СϾ˵
ллСĺ⣬һᡣƶС㣬ǻȥɣһ˵ȾͿˡϾؾС꣬Ҳһȥֻһ˵ȶѣôţоԼе鷳˼ҡ
㵽ϿΣʱҲҪˣϿεʱûеǾ;Բ֡ƶ˵
ţ֪һʱˡϾͷ
ȷˣҪһٵҲһëٵҲ絽
Ͼ˵ʱ˼ҲʱǱ֤ʱոպõʱ֣Ҳɺϡ
ǰɣ̫ǲǴ߳Ȼˡ
ʱͿ쵽ʱӰŮ߷ΧС¶ͬʱеǵ仰ҲǷƶĽǧѰҪ˵ġ
Ҳһ֣һСŮһ֣һţһ߻һڳţһԷĶƺڶ졣

Сǻ˼ҵĶ
С㲻ԣĶ
ߣ˼ŮӣȨġĿԣҵľͲС
ҲȨҿκ˵Ķ
ߣ
ǸСŮҲСĻŮĶĸ˸еһʣµǸͷһЦŮϾ
͡
̫ǸˣСŮĶóԼȨ
Ǿ仰ȷûȨκ˵ĶΪǺڰֻҪǺڰ֪ȨȥСʳǾϺڰĸȫҪе֮
ȻҲֻϾ֪˾Ͳö֪ˣĸŮǶΪڶС㡣
㣬С㣬ôһ𣿡ƶʵ
ȥ͵ʱС磬ҲԵġСصÿͶҪܵȥԣЩصóԵĶ
ǰɣ㣬С㡣벻һˣ㻹һ仯ûС̾
ʲôֵģ˼ҾϲԶС磬ٸС԰ɣҺԵĶС㿴㣬ڴ
ȿȣС㣬˵ĲϲԶϰߣһҲĲˣô벻ء㿴С˵
˵ʲôСʵ
ߣСԴ

ƶЦҲ֣ΪʲôСͳһȥˣȻһǰࡣ
ߣСǻƶҲˣ֪Ц˼ҡСܲ˵Ŀ㣬һһѵӶҧ飬Ե
ƢҲóԶʾС㡣
˲ЦˡƶЦ˵Ȼת㡭
֣Ҫͼݿϡ֪ƶҪ˵ʲôֱ˵Ҫ֪Ĵ𰸡
ϾϲԵ㣬Ҷһݸ㡣죬ͺͼ￴飬ҩͼݻḻġ㽫һСֽݸϾ
ôͲǣѧԺҿΪ˿飬ֻϾѾͷ
ĸŮͬʱֳ뷨ܿʹǰ뷨Ϊ
Ǹ˵ģСû׼Լ㶨ֵһֽƶ
ߣ˭ϡСߵ˵ϡȴܲ
ҪǷҶ٣㣬ҵšССڼš


137 ҼǮ
Ͼˣͼݡ
㣬㲻ȥϿ𣿡ĽǧѰס˵
ȥܸɴػص
ȻûӿΣֻУ԰ѡ
һ˵һʱһÿΣȻӣǸɴֱ࣬һÿζϡ
ԴˣĽǧѰŮҲû˵ʲôֻҡͷΣȴҲĽ⣬Ҫʲôʲôκǣ
죬춼ͼݶȹǷǳʱڣͼϾˣҲ徻
ϾҲϲʱ⣬һֺȥһ˵ĸоźԼҲһ顣
ӣ˵ƽŵѪһһ޷ǡ
ֻʵȴӲֻ̫ΪҪص˿ȵߣʱıϾֻʱġ
ͬʱҲãҲ˿֮󣬰˿ȺԺ󽫲ٻն֮ϵ
֪һӴô֮ĸоҲ˽⵽Įһ޹صԸ񣬶޹ص飬ǾԲܣ֡
һһ죬һʱһʱϾڵ뷨ȥʲôҲȥʲôԼˣֻΪԼĲҲֻΪǮԼߡ
ңԼҪȥźС㣬ԼСŮ
ҲϾģȴ޷ȴ飬ÿһ˵ʱ򣬶ԼݣŮ
һʱʱһУһһȥź㣬㴦һЩ顣
ϣΪ˺棬һСԭȥ̯Ͼһ߰æ
̯С㵱Ȼڳ˵ҲĳƶĽǧѰ¶ȻС꣬ĸŮ̯ӣÿ˰ŲͬĽɫ
ƶĽǧѰڰæͬʱҲڳʳ¶ȴһ߿ţСֻ꣬ڿû¶
۴Ұݵʲôɫһúܿģú˼
³ǴҾĵطͬʱҲǴҾгĵط
νĳ񣬾Ǽ飬ԼѾ䣬ԺҪΪԼ鸺Ȼϴ񣬽ܴ͸
ϵ̣ʵܼ򵥣ԳʱҲܶ࣬ҲҪ̫Ļѡ
ΪҪĴ£ܶ˶ԼĳԺ¡أԾһЩķʹãȻһҲԷֳɺ򵥡
ڹˣһЩѣʱҲǱ˼ʹϵʱ뵽ԽˣԽ߹˹Ǻӡ
Ժܶ˻滨˼ʹԼĳ档
죬ĽǧѰĳڳ˵ҲһȽϴ飬ΪĸףĽѾΪһ࣬ŮĳȻǱܹעŵһܶܶࡣ
ʵҲˣ˻٣ˡ
Ͼڽ䴦СԲľϣһһڿţСԲľϻ˵ľ˵ֳһԵĶԱȡ
úܶ˶һˣЩ죬ȴܿԺΪǻҪ˴кҪ
֮Ի絽ȴţΪεҪΪһͱĽǧѰƶϹ֪ԻڲʱŵͻĽǧѰо˵ʲô
ֻһߣҲ㡣
Ҳûʲô飬ҲֻҪ飬ǹȥҲ޷Ժҵ䣬ӦǸСż䣬ΧΧһЩݣСżҲһһŹȥģС㳡߶Сż䡣
Ӧǹ˵ȴϢĳԲõҲȽš
֮ĽǧѰȥ飬ƶǾȥæϾȥŪ裬СԲľϣȻ㡣

㣬ﰡҺҡٳߣȻòԹ˵ĽǧѰĺѣεĳǾˡ
ֻ˵һ֣Ȼû˵ʲôˣ顣
Դ㿪ʼ֮͸еԼ֪ʶе㲻ãǰרſЩ似飬ԾͺһЩʶҲ;᷸һЩʶԵĴ
Ͼµ磬ǾҪȥ˽һЩ˵µĶǱҪģҲǱġ
ʵҲܼ򵥣ôסȻҪ֪ʱ򣬾Ϳʱ쿴ͺ񽫶ƽԣȴûв쿴ֻõʱȥ
ȻһЩȽҪ飬ǻῴģΪƵĶԼµĶͬµĶԼͻ뵽ƵģҪԼԺ󣬲ȥ˽⡣
С㣬ȥ㵹衣Ͼ׼ȥ裬ȴٽסˡ
鷳ˣҺⱭͿˡϵĲ豭Ц˵
Һȹ˵
Ҿ֪ȹҲҪȡ
㣬Ͼٰȥһ衣

һνסϾϾǲʲõˣոֻǿЦΪĻʣµĲ衣ߡ
Ͼ룬ȥٵһȻﲻļңҲĳȥдˣЩҪڡ
ٿϾ֣ҲٷԣҲССƷ˼ڡ
ǣľĽ䣬ּһˣ㾲ĵȴ
ûãһŮˡ
㣬ô絽ҰװȥһˡСеɻ˵
ʲôֵģʲô£㲻ػص
ѾǹͬĲƲҲʳֵܼҲ˵ôĶˣҲġֻҪ֪ǵʵʲƲѾǧٶң䷢չǰ;ֵӦʮǧҡ
һʼǵʲֻһһ㣬꣬Ѿ׬˽ңС
ţܺãܸɡ
㲻ҪװͿ㣬Ҫô죿СŭѲһΪ𣿡
ţŬ׬ǮҼǮͷܸɴֱӵĳϡ

׬Ǯĺϻˣ겻Ͱʲʮ˵ǽ𵰣Сǻ½𵰵ļ
ҪеĽ𵰣Ҫ½𵰵ļ˶ѡߣֻû˻ɴֱӵı档


138 Ϊ˼
ҲŲҪΪʲôҪΪһӵ飬ֲϹСڴ˰֮ѿڶ
С꣬ǿһӵģҳǮȨҵȷֺ죬ҷֹһӣ˵Ļ˸ее޳ܡ
޳ܣǮǿװŪģҲǿСǱǮСȻ
ȷĵӣǸʱ򻹲ǿҳӮ˾ҳ䷽ɫ˵ʵһʼ޼Ļ飬ҪϧȻ˵ͨˡ
С˵ͨ
ҲܣȥУһ˷һܿۡСĹĵ˵
˵ô죿ѵҪȢ㣬ΪϹԸ㿴Сꡣ
С˭Ҫ޸СӣȻ
١
˵ɣôü
С붼û룬ͻصҪмڣҪʷҪҪ۷ֳɣ
һᣬȷСѾ˵֮󣬾ʵ
ţСͷ
㿴С꣬˵֣в
вС̰ѻ㡣
ûĻôΪС¶󶯸ɸ꣬úҪּƵġֱ˵
ʲôС£Ǵºòã֪棬֪ЩҪġС˵
С㣬⵱ȻС£ЩԼͿԾȨֲȨ
ʲôҲϰ塭ȵȣ԰ΪʲôҪ㣬ԼͿԾСͻȻӦоԼôñġ
ʵԼ֪ﶼ㿴ùҪΪЩӦûʵЩ¶ԼȨΧ
СӦٲҡҡͷһӶҪġħơˡ
ЩϺǾҲܻ׬ǮȴϺܺͿʱԼ׬ǮûԼǲ֪˱ˡ
СˣҲ֪ԼȡһУûԼĿڴֻصʳ㹲ͬӵеĲƲ
ˣҰҵȨ㣬Ժһж˵㣬ֻзǮȨܴ󷽵˵
ҪԺû˵ȨһȨĹɶС˵ֻһϵĸо
Ȼϵˣ㱾ûȨȨҲԸܣһվɣС껹ҪΪƴ׬ǮȻǮ
һʱûͨС꣬Ҳûüȥ룬ͱ鵢ȥˡ
㣬ߵŮǶֶ࣬һôɰŮޱڸ˵ָŮϾڳҲֻϾûм
С㣬Һ֪ôˣ㲢ûҪޱ£ֻΪޱѾԼ¡
ҺǧѰǺѰϴҿ˳ݳᣬĳҵȻҪˡЩ£ò˰ɡޱ˵֣ô⡣
㵱Ȼʵǡ
ʵĲôǣѵεУĻʽݳ
ޱҡͷȻǣҲûΪЩĻʽݳġ
ѵѧ
ܲĳ˸ѧԺѧԱ⣬û˿Խ롣
ʳ֮ŮȵĿޱǴԹ
ΪޱԵС̴ʵ㣬㾹ȻޱѧҲ֪ѵ֪Ǵ½ѧԺ˹ѧԺѧ𣿡
Сһ˵ô࣬ȴֻ֣֪

ʵεıֱ𣿡
ûУСش
㿴Űޱܺʵʲôѡ𣿡

㣬һ죬㱻ԵʱһҪݺݵĲ㼸šޱ֮£Ȼ㷢ԡ
Ҳڴôһ죬ȥݣȻܵŮʮܳɹĻҲῼһ¡ЦŻص
ʲô˼˵С㲻ƯŮ𣿡ޱ㣬еŭԶһŮɻĻ⣬˵еŮ˵ޱ
ţҾ˼ȴ˿ᰬޱŭֱӵͷ
ߣҵţһڽ˵Ļޱһһţһһתˡ
㣬ʲôʵ
˵ʵ˵һ䣬û˵ˣȷе⣬ΪΪޱѩǿ飬һܴ̼鷳ˡ
ޱԼûʲôϵԼԶ㣬ò
ܿ죬ͿʼˣҲǵһο񡭡
ĽǧѰѩɫ·м߹ߵǰҪ֮ǰף
ɫ⣬ʥھгʱ򣬶ҪȫɫʥĽʥϴʥʽ
һоǷϻĻ֮ͬŰɫ·վǰŴҵĸ߼˾΢΢ˮĽǧѰȫ¡
Ȼٸ˼䣬˼֮ĽǧѰͽĴ͸ʽʹ˽Ҳˡ
ţĽǧѰķԡ
ллλѵ񣬴ӽҽһСŮҪеԼҵҪľҵļˣΪǣΪ˸лҹһᵯһı⡣
˵˵ʱĽǧѰ˿㣬¶һ˿ЦﰵǺοأѾǰ㣬ǲܵġ
ܿ죬ڳˣΨĻ棬һѩŮڰɫĸǰ˫ʮָ鶯ڼ衣
ĸ𡭡

һ֮󣬴Ҵӳ̾ҲǳһϰߣչʾԼĲգ߾似س
ҲĽǧѰĸټɸʤǰúˣһԼееΪԼԼĸо
ˮƽϺܶ࣬


139 У
ĽǧѰĳǽˣĳȴһСС⣬ǸУͻȻзڵ˼ͷƶȥ
һǵˣһˣ˶ȥˣĽǧѰҲһȥĳ⣬ܲŲ
һΣҲһμ˵δУ
һϾȴ̵İ칫¥¥ռȽϴ濴ȥһҶԳƵĽ񣬶¥Ϊ㣬һԺӣѧԺİ칫¥еʦ칫в֧һﴦ
УҵȻҲڶ¥սȥǼ䡣
š
ŽȥͿһУȻ˵òûȥδ֪˵ֻֻѡ
̣Ȼһ̵Уһ̣ʵҲǼ̵һ׷ͷ
УУҪģǺȣ
㣬ǸٲѧԺһаٵ㣿Уһ˵ôϳ㣬Ѿ㡣
ûƶ֪Ѿܺ׵ϳϻȻϳоһеģ㶼ϲǾͲҪΪУˡ
㿴У˵˵ɣʲô¡
һʼ֪Уһ£ȻССĳѾˣôͻȻ֮ҪԼ˹
ʵҲûʲô£ֻҪ֪׼ôٰĳҪųһ㣬ͨһ㣿Уһʱ˵£ٺһʱ֮ҲҶ
˵ֻεģҪģųҲ׬ǮֻСǮҪһ£ȥġ
СģԽСԽã˶ҪԼ㶨㲻˵仰У⣬˻ԼĳԽСԽõġ
㣬ĳС֪鷳Щ鷳ֻҪϯͿˡĽǧѰ˵ĳ̫ᡣ
ҵ飬ұȽϲ͵˭ò֣С򵥵ķû£Ҿˡ˵꣬ȥ֪УԲΪС¶ԼԻ顣
ûԽԽãУûл˵ʲô
ֻǲܵ飬УҪߣϾͽס㣺ȵȣʵ²Ҫϲô㶼飬͵͵͵ĳУǮҪӦһ¡
Ҿܾ㻹ûУѻ˵꣬ʹĻֱӵؾܾ

һû˵ʲô£ܾʲôУеֵʵ
˵ʲô£ҶֱܾӵػصҪУ뷨Ĩɱ

ҪǲӦ£һ첻ɣٺ٣ʱ޵þˡУвҪĳӦûԹԾͷ˰ɡ
ֻǣ֪вǷǳЧΪԼĳЦǶ˵
мһˣ
첻ɾͰ첻ɣҲʡ鷳˿˵
Уһδסˡ
ƶĽǧѰһЦеҡͷǾ֪˵ҪǷƶĻͲԼĳ
Ҳ޷ҵУҵˣǺܼ򵥵飬ҿǲҲҪԼǰ;Ц
ںŹˡƶĽǧѰӵֺοֻһνıҵ
ܱҵ𣿡ܺʵ첻ѧԺˣҲܱҵ
ǵģһʼûԼܱҵȻҲ׼һȥͷ׼ٻǣҵǸ˵ȫڿп޵Ķ

飬ҲȤҲ˵׼Уֻ˵ԼоȻûһв㣬ԼУȻԼѧԺѧûκΰ취˵ȥ˭š
ûȤ٣Ӧı꣬ҲٻӦ̬̫ٺܲˬһҲˣֱԳΪ١
һţȻһСͷϣԼԳүʮӶʮҲҪ˵ζ
Уᣬ⼸ʮǱн⻹õ鷢
㣬ɣҲкôʱƶԲУʲôֱ˵ˣϲĨǣҲϲв
ҲдԲ𣿲ԣӦýָźͺ¿ƶУĨǣУвˡ
Ȼˣ˭
ƶܲϲ˸вģУҲһֻ˵ķʽȽϸ߹ţȽϺ

ǰУֱ˵ɣı࣬ӦġȻֻõ븶ĻǾͲ˵ˣ·ǵȼ۽ˣҪ˫СĽǧѰҲ˵

УѾ㣬СëȻ˵ȴ޷
еڣҲһʼ˵ҪʲôĻһ㣬Ҳñ˷̣Ůƽʱ߹ִ󷽣ôͻȻԼ䳰ȷġ
ôô࣬һںԼǰ;ѧһеŮѧ
ðɣҾֱ˵˵Ҫ㣬μУ似⣬㻹Ҫ֯һ֧СӣȥμУιȻֱӡ
ʵ٣
ֻҪܵõھͿԵõǧҡУʹĵ˵
ȴûֱ˵ǧǹھĽǾͲ̸ˣٶı꣬ҲһӦ˸ڱǰˣС
¶Ѿ˽⵽ÿǰн𣬷ֱǹھһǧңǾ٣һ١
Уոպ˵ǧͺ⣡
ȻᣬǧңôɡУæ񶨣ȴȻСӷˡ
ǾͿ̸̸ˣھǧҵǿԽܣòھҲһҪǮʮǿһٽңǿ٣ǿİ٣˰١αֿ㣬Ӱ졣У״γҪʮңͬϣӰ졣ɲһҪʲôɼǮˣֻҪҪǮ
ʱ򣬴Ҷˣ㡭
㣬Ҳ̫˰ɡУ֮󣬲ָ㼷һ仰
Ϊ췽ѧԺֱӽʮǿȨΪǿҪȨҪԼȡһֱҪȨȥѡ
Ҳ˵ǮõģֻǶٵ⡣


140 ջˮ
ݣֻҪԼӦеı꣬ȻȻҪõꡣ
ֻҪ˵벻УͬʱҲģҼȻǮͻᱣ֤ȫֻҪȡھԲȥŪǾ㡣
˵ȻǮͻΪ£ԭ򣬺οǰжĽ룬ǾԲԼ̭
УȥһѡֵȨУҧȻݣܽܵġ
ֻҪܵõεĹھͿΪѧԺüҪ֪ѧԺȻУǴûУеõʤ
ĳ֣ϣһҲ˵ʲôʧˣҲ˵ǶߵģһߵıѾ⣬ֻǶߵĶ顣
ҪǺǶѧԺкôǷϲģǶѧԺҲûлֻǶ໨˵Ǯѡ
Ǿ͸ңѧԺɳĶ˭Ҳ׷ѹ򡣡ʵ
Уش似ѧԺеᡤͷأˡȣηɣħѧԺѩ򡤼ӰУ˹񡣡
ǸѩҲڣôһ֡е㻳Уѡˮƽ֪ǸʱѩѾûħȣһûħȵħʦҪܶ࣬οħʦһȺ׷ţͷӲʵ
ħڵĻǻԽħʯ˲ħûħʯİħʦҪʱȥ׼ħǸʱûʱѩȥ׼ħ
У˹òе졭
ˣˡУټȥ֯Աˡ΢ЦŴкȻתȥ
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ֲţҵǮʲôвˡֵС꣬ʱԣӦþСҲһ˵ƵĻ
ߣˡС걻仰ֱҭס˻һ˵˵
ãôǰûз֣СܼŵǱʣǰ˹ͬĲƲ˵ڻԼ˽˲Ʋӹ²ֵ˽£չȥˡ
Ȼ˵ϲңȥеġ
ﰵ֮󣬾뿪Ƿ֮أòŮ̫࣬Լϵе㲻岻ġ
ҲӱܣʵҪЩŮޣҲҪ磬ҲֻѵʽദѵҪ˵
Ҳϲǣİɣ
ҲЩŮΪѣǼ˶ҲΪԼģԼڶûлرǡ
ǵǲǻ᲻ڣ벻ֹѣǾԵˣȻȥǣҲȥܣϲе˭Ҳһȥȡ
ϲҲΪԷϲԼҪܶԷ˵һǿˣ˵һʩᡣ

ϣΧ۵Ѿڵȴĳ֣֪ǲһһʤһҲˣҲɺϣǵΣǾʵı֡
Ҫ㻹ǿһȡʤǾǻʵˣҲˡ
ģʵ͸һŽ߷֮󣬾ʹ˵ʣ»ˣǸɴһɣҲ˷ʱˡ


ĻֳһӳˣܶһʱĻܿǾͷӦˡ

ֳһƬȻ涼ˣ
˵ǱʾҪһ֮ԿʣµǿֻҪܻǿǾ޿ɺǵĳΪھھҲ֮
ԭ˵Ͳͣһ𣬲ȷʡȴ鷳ĺð취С갵ֻԴ˺ûо˵˼ͬ˼
ôѵһϵû𣿲ҪһϺܶˣû˻ԣΪǺҵʵ̫Զˡûţ˵˵Ϊֵʣ־Ҫиֵ̬
㣬㲻Ҫ̫ţϣһ˷̨е
񲻹飬С㣬ȥúÿûʲô㿴ˣһʶˣǾǰޱ
ޱ˵Ͳһ¶𣬱Сǰǿ֮һ㣬СǺǿģϴ㲻ȱС㣬СҲһա
ôҲ벻ޱǲѡ֣һǸߣһܽǿ̫˸о˼ˡ
Ķûзˮɣʳһðޱ쭵⡣
쵰㣬ҵʵ㣬Сȫǿ汾ġޱȻôһζ
Ҿ͸ӿԿ϶εľûģǻһϰɣ仰갬ޱʵ
ʤ˵ޱŭӵһߣȻֱ˫ȭԸ㡣
ߣ㲻СҲһ
ò˵ޱ߾񣬲ռˣȭͷʤǾԲܵ顣
һ̡
֣ޱŭУֻһ˫ֶץ
һģˣȴҲޱ˦˳ȥޱصˤ̨ϣˤĽϡ
Ľһϣ
ҪΪǸŮҾͲˤ㣬ʥ۹ŮҲˤ


145 Ů
׼𣿡˵
Ӧʡޱ˵ĽͲ׼γ𣿡
ǿѾվ˳ϣŮ֪ǲɺϣŮռһ롣
ŮĻɣеģֱӣ˵Ǻͨģ˵˵еĻǿ͵ġ
ŮҲѵüϣͬʱΪޱ棬Ҿ͸о棬ΪȻɣҲģޱɼҪԸ
ҲΪޱ۸Բ̲ס̨мҲΪ⣬ȥȺŹ㡣
ǰޱˤԺȺڵĺߣǺǵľϳˣ밬ޱһôԸ㡣
㿴ҲҪܣҲҪʵǿһģ˼Ȼôһ㣬ǿһһɡ
ȻһֵıôҸеֵĲ밬ޱڶо˵ս
Ȼֺܿ͵ɢƣ޷ޱᲢۡ
òϣҲһͻְϸ嵽µƤǳòôҲһֲȱݣοûκεȱݣȻ㲻ԸϣѾΪ͵ˣһκ޷Խ֡
ֻֿ֡ޡ͵ģʱԽãԽ˵һ档
ڵ֪һΪһߣֻǽһŵĹ
ҲΪص㣬úܶ˶Կϵûлȥڡ

ѾܾûгˡһӣҵĽʱѪ
ޱ붼û룬ֱ˵֡
Ǻãʵʵ˵ɣ⼸ûʸҳʡһʹϧ˵ôҪ˵滰滰˵ġ
ޱĬ
ߣҵҪʲô˵Ĵ󻰡һ˵
ǲǣֵ¼£׼þһϣٵ»ҪȥħÿӼʮ£пպĥ䡣ŵ˵
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С겻֪仰һ侭Ļ
侲Ҫ̼ˣ°ոոյļƻСޱ˵˿ʼŭֻӰԼոյİš
֪ˣޱǿеͳ˵֪ջᣬֱޱ֣оǺϤһ㡣
ޱԴ΢΢üû˵ʲôʱרһ־ĶԸ㡣
ʼޱһ
ţоʹ㣬ŮһУǰޱһֱ߳˹ȥ
ޱܴ֪ΧӶãһα̿ͰΧ֪ǸʱӦھôõʱ䣬ʵֽô࣬Χ˵ֻС˼ѡ
԰ޱѡһͻķ㡣
㿴Լ࣬·ּŮýԼ·
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ʽȺģܶʱ򣬶ʮΧԸֺϻоġ
·ϾҪкϵʱסڴӦеʱ˶һǱĻ桪
ֻһԾӭֲ˼Ťڿ󲻵Ķֽķ϶дų˿ٽӽȻ󡪡
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飡
飡

ȫĵ˳ȥɢˤΪĵĳ⣬ȴȻվڳУϺ˺ۣ
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еľҲǴĿõģУһƫĻͻᱻ˵ˡ
ʵϣʵİ취ӦòΣգȴȽİ취ֻȻҪУǾҪΣյ飬ҪͻԼļޣӦԺΣա
ԣѡֿƺܿᣬȴΣյ

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146 С˵㵯Կ

㿴Űޱ

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еŮ̲סͬʱеȻһ쵰
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ⲻͽˣȻ㲻޸ңҸʲô¾͵ΪֹҪ˵ʲô׼ôϲʲôֱӷȫӦ¡ֱӵ˵

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ţҪһҪ㲻ð
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ޱҡͷ


147 е
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𣿡ѩе㻳ɣֶ١
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ôˣѩܲ⡣

ˣС꣬İѺѩ򡤼Ӱлп˿ȡ˹ǿ˿ȡ˹ڻûпǿһʱ򣬾˵һ仰
仰һѩ򡤼ӰСֱʥ۹֣úܶ˸еȣѩҲ̧ͷܾá
ʹΪʲôһʹѩ򷢾Լͻĸо飬ֱΣޱᱡΣûʹǿңò˼顣
һҲú֣һЩŮһʱòΪǴǾ֮Ϳ϶ⲻǴ
ոޱᱡȵĸоߣߵĶһʼΪ˰ޱΪ㣬ֻˣֲˡ
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ֻҪ˾Ҫǳ
ΪЩŭĸĬ


148 ƶʵ
㣡һŭ쳹ա
ʲôУΪ𣿡һںӡ
Ϊأ
ܺã
֪Ҳǰʡ
ţոֻͬѧЦǰԭĽ̡
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ѧԺһ߶飬гѩħʦμӸ⣬˶ûȥμӣħҪ似Σնȵͣ似пĿģ˼ʷǳߡ
ڴѡҪʱ̣һ⣬ȴֿõĽ顣
ΪʡȴҪ鷳Ϊ˸ҽʡʱ䣬еĶ飬һϣ˭վ˭ʤߣ
ԭ
仰֮У̾ƻһΣѾںΪʲôҪȥμУھǵõˣȴεУһܱʣѧԺ˵
ֻҲõ˹ھĿҲǴﵽˣˣ
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ʲôһĶ顣УŭҲ֪ʲôԭСÿγ룬ܳ鵽һϴŮչ
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С˯ǾǣСһ߳ʳһ߽š
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ʵϣС㻹ȥˣС걨˱ѣɣĻ˵ǡ
ҪСڣʱСͿԸööóԵĶ

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㵽ȥʲôʱֵˡƶС㣬ϵλϡ
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ţЩˣȽǣʵڲٽ㡣濤òҲܵƶĸȾҪ㻤
ţƶ̨ʼĵһҲӭһ֣ͬʱҲ˹չʵĵһΡ
ãͽ̣ƶĶ֣һ񣬶̬һĸ߹
ͽ̣Ǹ꣬ı֣һӲϰԼĶֻ˸߹Ů
룬ôһ飬̫˼ˡ
ţƶͳˣȫûκףҲûκεĻɣֻ򵥵ʽѸٹ
׼Ƿƶʽص㣬ҲӰµĲȻ㲢ûн̹ƶκʽȴƶչֹ׼ȷҪ
ڷƶչʾص㣬ϵģûչֹȻҲǱزٵģ׼ȴ˲ûõġ
ƶҲ֪ԣûзɶֻʽϼ򻯣



죬ô֪ٶж졭
ƶĶæҵؽ·ƶû뵽⿴Ƹ߹˺ԵŮһ־ͺȫһˣˣɱʮ㡣
ռȻܶչֹԷƶҲκδĻᣬٳһֱֱƺٱƺ󡭡
ˣڱƺһ̶֮󣬷ƶ𽣣һλָ˸߹
ƶĶһʱûӦԼûɡͻȻһ£ڱǾһأ˳ؾ䡣
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ҶΪĶ㳪Ϸû뵽Ķзƶ˵֣ȻûмʹħǿޱȵĽҲ˵ʵ
ƶѡ֣ȫԽһ߶飬ΪʲôûнȥͻȻֻĶ߶飬÷ƶæĻŴҶƶʵ
ͬһѧԺˣҲ֪ƶһܵ͵͵ҳ֪òڣԺ⣬ʲô֪
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ֻǴˣһʼΪҪƭЩ׷ˣҪǵıѡ
ȻоΪʶƶˣʶĻȥУҲϲЩʶģȷƶʮҲһ
ոյôĻǽǾˣƶһ˰ʣµˣ˳Ľʮǿ
мҲжֱȽԭҲò˵һŮľˣʵǿֵһߣҪ棬ֻܾʱ
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149 ʤ

㿴ɫѾˣѾɢˣֳֻʣԼߵļˡƶĽǧѰ濤С㡣
һһĹȥҲԽԽ٣ǱСʱˣ뿪ˣʣ㼸ˡ
һʼʱС꣬¶ȵ˻ڣʱˣҲˣϾȻҲ㣬Ϊ˿Ҫ뿪Ҳֻ뿪ˡ
ôûߣʵûнԼ飬Ͳٿˡ
ǷѧԺģһҲһƶ˵
ƶ˵볳㣬ҪС͡Сֱˬ˵˵ԼĿĵͬʱҲ˷ƶ˵Ŀġ
볳㣬Ҳȥ㣬ǷƶĽǧѰ˵Ŀģ濤ֻŷƶ
΢΢һЦû˵ʲôʱ򣬲˵ʲôͿԸܵõһЩ飬ҲܱһЩ顣

һû뿪ѧԺѧԺס£Ҫˣƶסһ𣬶˸յĸ߼ס£ɷƶǵϾһĿᡣ
СԸԳĳͣһܲ⣬Ϊ˵һ߳һ߶㣬Թܴ󰡡
ıеĻ˳ĽǧѰ濤Ҳ׷ϳչǵʵ濤ʵѾ˽⵽ˣϾħļ
ĽǧѰͷƶһû֪һƶĵ͵һƶʵǿһô쳣ôе飬ĽǧѰʵҪڷƶ
ҲǵȻģĽǧѰԱΪĿģ׷㣬㣬ͱҪʵԸҿҪöࡣ
˶룬ֻ黹˼һ似ھһħнߵŮ֣ȴǴȶ֪ģͺƾճֵġ
ЩͿ֧ΪĶ߶飬˶ڵʵˣֻҪ̬ڣǶڵţľűøȡ
ĸ˶ˣʣµǸ֪ðСҹС֣᲻Ҳһصĸ֣òƺе˼飬ôССӣʳһֵӣСûࡣ
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ǿҲʱˣѾԱȽʵǿһֻ֧黹ǡ
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ҲԼŬʵûжϵͬпĸѧѧϰĲ࣬С㡣



150 С
ĽǧѰ𽣣ƽվڳϵȴһ֣ϲûʤϲãֻƽƽͺողûзʲô¡
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ѧԺķʽУۺʵǿˣεĶУҲǿҲ˵ֻҪܻĻӮˣȻǰܼսȥ
ηҲѧԺˣǸܿˣϲսʵǿˣҲԣֻȴᣬ첻Ӱ
Ľѧ룡η˵ž˦˦һһŮĽк˵ˣηѧԺз˿ŵģ󲿷Ůɡ
֮սһ˶ڴһܴǾʵһ档
ĽǧѰֱӵйѾˣΪǿ
ηɳˣҲװˣҪ˼ҵǰųӦУܿˣüֱͬʱҲЧİ취
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ʱһȥηԽԽ˷ܣĽǧѰǱƽѾ·硣
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ηֻڵֵֵĽǧѰĽ¶֮⣬û뵽Լֱ⼸ŸˮѧãȻǿʵʱվԿԳΪ½ǰеĸ֡
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ĲҲһе仰ǷǳǳĴ̶ͺԼŬǰ׷ѵġ
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ޣĽǧѰҲû˵ʲôӦһŶη˵һˣ³ˣ
֪ԼǸʱȻռϷ磬ܶηɵĿȴĵܸͣоηɺܿͻַһ֮ƽԼҲѾ׼ȥӭһС
֪ЩֻҪ˵ҪҲԥΪҪģĶԷһߡ
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С־צһץŶηɵĽȻһŤޱȵĽϳŤηǲץסԼĽҲҪת
ţСأֻ𽣣һ˦η˴˦Զ
ÿµôС壬Ȼ˿µ̫˼ˣ


151 ǧС

ֳ󲿷ֵˣŴͣԼǰ顣
СŮ˭ðģѧԺѧԱҲ֪Сˣֺοˡ
ӴСģֻаѧоǰ㣬ԣ밬ѧ֪ССҲǸո֪ġ
˶С˽⣬ֻһԶʲô֪岻֪ĸҲ֪ʵҲ֪
Ҫ֪ЩͱҪʰѧԺλ
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ҪңҲ֪СҹٳڰҶ˽ⲻǺܶࡣǰҲ֪УôὫֵҵİѾ֪ˡ߸У
ǰУӦ֪
УĻصҲϣҲ֪
ɣУ˽ģô᲻֪Ŷˣǲʲô˵ģСҹļǲ˱ܵЭ
ǵģУͷֻ֮ʣʵҲ֪С飬ȴ˵ʵ
ѵ˵Լһ˵һңͲʲôʣСнȻҪ󣬰С㰲ŵֻŮİ༶ҲΪ˰ȫŮİ༶
Բ֪ȻԼͻᱻ˻ɡ
ƶ֪Сʲô𣿡ʱҲһ֪Ҳ֪ȴСץסʱֶٱ滮ȴȫһ¶ûС
Ҳ˵С㲻ֹ˼飬ҲǼӲ˵µɰһ㡣
ԼӲ˫Ϊ似󣬾û˵
֪Ҳ֪ʵ㶼ҪʤһƶصҲֱӵ˵š
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似˵ʵСѾûʲôˣڶηɱɻ֮󣬴Ҿһ㡣
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˹Ļϵħ軹ǲģϴβΪԵʱֺܿǷġ
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СǲֻֻǿŶܣûȥԺ飬㿴ڵЦݣ档˵
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С㷢һԼô죬뵽취ʱ򣬻Ѿǰ
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ֻСɣٴС֮Сֳڴҵǰϵ·յһƬһƬе㽹ڣǺ֣Ƥȴǰ糣ȫûбչĺۼ˼ǣͷüëҲȻã
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ʲô˶Сôģֿȭħɢ˭õ˶벻˭һ㣬Ǵû˵顣
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С˹ǰһȭڰ˹ؿڣ˶һֹͷѵžͿ˹嵹ɳȥٶ֮죬֮Զôһ£˹ˡ
ħʦ壬ܾסĴǾһ漣
ʱҲϵСߣѸٽСԼҲһ£С¿ҲǺȱѵǷģ
ôȰס˵ܳԿ
ͬʱҶһǧҪǵС㣬Ϊ
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152 Ի
С㽫·ϣ£С¶棬Сվڳϣ̬Ҫ˾жˡ
Сһָ̬ʣµ˵˭УһĲˣһŭδӡ

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ȻʣµһֱʾԼ䣡
ǣΪСĳ֣һǰһһҲһ
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μӱĶǱ̬Ӧһƴ֮С˵ˣչֳʵԿԽǿ
ҹĵĻǣ᲻ĻǾͳУһ֧УһʼնûвμӱǴûй顣
ܵĪУôǮμӱ벻Ȼȫûгơ
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ⶼʲô£УʵǹƵġ
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֣С뵽һ£ǶܻӭʳǱĵһļ
һ·ʳµƷ֣ιȻûи
ŮѾԱһ˵ϣֻСڼսֱ˰Ѷȫ꣬ٳһСʱ֮󣬲ڽⳡս
Ȼθڣٶ࣬ҲǿԽġ
ÿģԵúС߾ǺãҾͺܿġС˵ϣܺһ
ľͺãľҪˡ˵ͬʱ仰ҲСôõĿıֳľ
Ҿ˵ôͻȻˣԭĿĵġƶĽǧѰͬʱ˵
ţСĺˣϳȫɡСǿɰľСȭͷ˵ȫ֪ѾĳƳ鷳ĳԼȴҪ͵
͵øУ飬ⲻ͵
ҲûȥС˸е⣬ȴܲµõΪڳ˶֪Լ޹ص鲻ŲʵˣҲϲȥʱ˲˵顣

ڶ죬ڴľڿʼˣһҲĸѧԺǴ½һ޴Ӱ죬ҲУҪȥһԭֻҪõһͿиѧҲʹиѧѣѧѡ
СӵĶ֣֮ʥѧԺҲУĳʤ
һʼһӣҪ˯ƶѾվ˳ϣ׼ӭӵһ
ʱ򣬶ԷͻȻһɫŮָе㣬ǲŮ˵˵Ļͺսһ
ŮԲǹΪǳޡ


153 º嵥
ŮһŮһҪȷƶʤһľɫŮ
˶ĽŮԵôС߾ǾɫŮ첻
СֵʲôطǵŮѵǺͶ԰ޱһ˼ҽᱡϷַ
Ҳǵˡ
˭ʶ㿴Ů벻ԼŮһµȷҪȥһˡ
һҪǸ˸㶨ˣԺҪ鷳
ֻڵĲ룬һ˵ԭһԼʶŮԼޡ
ֱӵ˵λС㣬ϴˣȥҵСӰɡ
ûдҵþ㣬㣡ǸСӡŮеĺˡ
ʶֿʼż䣬ʵ벻һ
ʶŮߵ
Ŷлл˵꣬͵Сϣ׼˯
㣡Ůŭе
ŮŭС
ʱ򣬷濤㣬С˵㣬ģģ㲻Ҫ̫ΪҺͷƶˡ
ʲô
ѩʲôǼҲҶ㲻ҪȻĪҲյ档ƶ΢΢üƽ
ƶǻʲôýģ㲻Ҫ̫αˣѾУһҪ㣬ɱ㣬Ͱȥһԧ죡ҲûãһӶ޷Ըļǲͬһ𡣡ŮԹޣڰԸ
С㰡ڰ㣬ڻ㣬㲻֪ǵʱܻܿɱ㣬󻼡ƶﰵе
ͺشƶĽվؿŮóɱ˵ããܺãҾͳȫ㡣
˸еȫһ䣬ɱԵĸߴңŮĻԺԥĻɱǰɫŮִݻ˿ʲôҪϧ
ŮҲѩ׵壬ɱͶģʱеԼȫסˣﳤŮûиеɱ⡣
㣬ô£ĽǧѰץ֣е㺦㣬ûмйɱ⡣
㣬ȲüȰȰ濤żȻϵôǺѩĹϵȴܺãƶǺѡ
С㣬ǹȥһ°ɣҪɱŮ֮ǰȰסȻһɱϾڲԶ˵Ȼ֪ܲȰס㣬Ҫȥ
ʲô£ùɱ⣿˭
ͲҪҡȻҾܼʧ˵
һߣŪС裬ɱʱʧ˶úոյ鲢ûзƵġ
֪ˣ㲻ҪЩǻȰסġ濤˵һ䣬Ȼ̨ƶǿнѩһߡ
Ϊ⣬ʱֹͣˡ
ô£Ͼܵߣʵ
ûʲôһξɱ˸磬ù𡣡㲻ػشһ޹ؽҪ顣
̬ȣѾ˸еˣϾĻ˸оһīߺڡ
ˣȻǾǾͲӦҹӡϾܲ˵˵Ȼⲻ˵Ķѩ
ǰĻֻնݳ鷳֮ԷŹܼңΪǲѰÿ˶ҪΪʧȥˣȥѰĻǾͲʲôֱӱ˳ɱ
飬ţû˿֪ڿǷΧ

ӣŻ˰ɡϾһС˵
ܱСѾͷ֡
ǵģոյɱⶼŻѩģȻ˵ԸΪ˱ǱڵΣգɱһЩΣѩȴǡ
ڵô˵Ҫɱͱʾ½ĹأҪΪȥļ˱ֻþķʽԷ𲻴Ӧ㣬⡣
ȴ뱻ѩҪԾͺܸɴȥŻ֪ԼΪǸŮӾ飬Ҫ뱨𣬾Ͱ似ãʤԼİգԼ
ܾһֹԼѩܺһƴ֮ʱӭҲͲӱܡ

ƶ濤ɹȰ˵סѩʵҲ࣬ףڵҪ͵Ȱ似ãôһ죬Խ㣬١
Ȼƶ֪㣬㣬ڽٶȣʮѩҲ׷ϣοڵλҲѾԶ
Ҫ׷ĽŲֻе󡭡
˵Ҳ漣֣漣ô׷𣬶Ҿ漣֣Ҳͻ䡣

̺ƽһжڴҵĲ²ⷶΧûг⣬ƶһˣĽǧѰҲһˣ濤Ǳ˻ܣСɵĻʣµˣѧԺõУʤʱΪһѧԺ
ʼգ㶼ûг˸еԹޣʼɡ
йҲˣҲһ뿪ǣһ뿪֮󣬽ûʲôʱٻơ
뿪֮ǰҪȥһ¡ӣ
Щзݲ뽫һٵĸԷ˿ڼұһɶһ£ΪżŭȥͷΪԵ顣
ҲһҪۣˣȫ½һҲҪһҲ٣һ˳ıһ⳥ѣ
зݣһҲҪӹȥ
һʼ˷Ϊȫǹĵ˼ңȻ˵һ䣺ӣȫҳȥȻѹ棬ͲҪûо档
ŵ£˭ܣȻǷˣܲңĽǣ˱һ٣ſڵϣȻԼķӱ㼸ˣ
ţͱһʲɵȻ⳥
õϢˣͼһ𣬱ԼķӣһҪ˵һܲңٶҲһȫȭͷſ£һſڵϣԼķǮơ
ޱǿĴȺνѵ֮˶ѧˣٷˣ⳥𣬿ӣٲװһҽҩѡ
һ죬Ͳʮңڶ컹ڼ
˴һڣǺ䶯쳣ȴû˸ȥֹ㣬ҲûȥֹΪ˳ģ˭Щ˲ķӡ
¹ý˺ǿģΪˡ
ԴԺ󣬰ޱķ˿Ҳȥ㣬ͬʱҲ֪ǧҪСӣСʲô¶ó


154 ǽõ
ƶĽǧѰмСԺΧһȺŮ
֣ôûµϢðޱе˵ţһһֱ㽫ĸԷ˿ֵûͷðϢ
һʼޱ˶סˣЦһֱЦһ߻Цʲô
˭뵽һȺ˿飬Ҳֻ˲Żó
Ҫֹס񣬾ͱǸ񣬶ղԭžǷӣ£Ǻܷ顣
ЩĸԷ˿ʵǲ̫Զ̫Զ
֣Ѿ뿪ˣȻûµϢ
ʲôˣΪʲôҲ֪ߣǵ˻û㣬ˣϴޱܲ˵˵
ʱĽǧѰޱǲϲϰˣžҪϢɡ
һϲ㲻ҪЦˣһССӶôᣬ˭ϲһޱ
ϲʲôҪ˵ңҪҵʱ򣬾Բı顣ĽǧѰ˵ҪϲĻǾͿжڻûŮѣҪһͱˡ
У˭ϡ߾ߡޱһںӣܿʵûŮѣǣ
ޱԺˣΪƶĽǧѰӦˡ
㣬ƶͰֻѣȻҾҲܰ䡣ĽǧѰЦԷģһһѣðΪǶѾˡ
㻹˵£ޱһ죬һĪĸоһθͷ
ˣŴ⣬ȷϲˣҲǶкøСƶȡЦҲԷģҲ԰һѣֻҪļ岻ԡ
˵仰ʱ򣬷ƶ¶һĲȻ
ҼŲңֲģ滹кܶ˼̳м塣ߣ˵ҲûУҲŲϲޱͻȻԼ˵ĻеǸǾת
ڳŮǱѩ֮ˣܲע⵽ˡ
ŶŮŶܳҲ⡭
ŶʲôŶ˵ģʲôʱ뿪ģΪʲôô֪ͨһңޱ⻹û뿪㡣
Ҳ֪ͨ㣬ҲյСת棬֪ѾˣҲãֻ˹תһ£ǰҪöˡĽǧѰеɬ˵
ǰתˣܱȲҪöˣȻҲ˶Զٿ֤Լﻹһλõġ
ƶ뵽ǰڰ޳ǵʱ֪㲻סԼҵĻԼĻͲԼ
ޱڸ֪Լʲôǣת涼ûķݣߣƣһҪÿ
С꣬ôСꣿСʲôϵޱüѵϲСŮϲĺõģϲزģһȻҲС
С֮򵥣ϻ˵Ĺϵ߿˵С굱˽˵ĹܼţһЩƲΣҪСؽļңõǮĸԸ⳥𡣡˵ĽǧѰⷢЦ⳥𣬻˵թģ㲻֪θСжٽңˡ
٣ޱʵ
ʮңĽǧѰ˵һðޱ֡
ʮ򣿣ôŪôࣿ
ⲻò˵ĸŲۺ񣬾ȻóôĽǧѰЦ˵
ĽǧѰ仰˵ȫûޱĸԷ˿кǮǰҲû뵽ô࣬Ǽټ֪ۻ̶ȡ
أҲʷΪ˼թ˵һ˽֪ģ˼ǣЩõ˶ȥ⣬о㡣
ҲǰԺĻܻкܶ࣬ȴûиġ
һ˸飬֤ķ֤ʲô¶óģΪҲŻẦ¡
ǲ֪ҪΪҪԼĻͱ˽ѵ£ڰ۸
ֻ֪ղݿܵˣղݿܵҲ֪Ը񣬲ֱӶ֣Ҫ˼õĻشǣǲùܣԼᴦ
飬Ҳ֤ǵǶԵģԼˣͿ⾫ʵһ棬һпܻᶥЩԵλãݺһٲ˵ҪʧһʽǮ뵽Щݿܶеһڱ

ʮңΪʲôǮôɣթһ¶óôࡣСںͷʹΪôʮȥؽСԺӣʱǮ̫ˣҲһ⡣
ʮңҪǸ¥ðɡ
һǣųһЩõ뷨֮Сѡʵʣİ취¸ĵƤ㽨һԺӡ
ǣҲ֪ԼļҪˣСԺԺҴԺ
ҴԺĵһסͣԼǼŮԼڴԺ֮󣬺ܾúܾõʱŻȥ
㵽ԼؼҶʶԼļң˵⡣
Ϊʲôʮңʮ˵⳥ؽԼļңҪõΣ˵ؽͲһͭȥӡ
ţҾһõˣ
㵱ʱС˵ģҺ棬Сȴֱӵ˵һ仰Ǯ̫ˣӮٶңѾʮҿˡ

һ뿪֮׼ȥʥ۹һ£˳㽫һ鷳ˣڱ˵ĵϽȻеðգȴʡȴܶ鷳˲鲻˭ģΪеĳҶпܡ
ȥʥ۹ҲһɵģǾУȻҪȥĵȻʷƾõĵطĵطܷĶʥ۹Ǵ½ϴʱһҡ
ʥ۹ҲкܶԶĻķԴأкܶԶżһЩ˼š
һΣ㲢ûѡӶʽ·ѡСһһһһǧߵ顣
;ʲôᶺһʱ䣬СһϷ棬ʵȥóԵʳͻͳȻɽǿ֮ľͻȥһǷӡ


155 赶ɱ
һ죬ʥ۹ɽУһɽС֮ϣһһƥڻǰļ֮ϣһֻɫС
һ·ϺСЦЦһȻԵõӣ˺ܾãһֱһطͣ
ҪϢǰһˡ
С裬ǰһˣòƺǿΧһòҪ٣ΪͣǲӦҪˣ۷˵
Сû˵ֻһߵͷòƺͬ
ͷǾͱʾûˣǾһ·ƽε֮١װһӣȻͲǰ
Ȼ뿪ǰʥ֮ǵ㣬СȻС衣
ѾֹһΣһ·ϣȥЩˣΪľУԽԽãԽԽá
ǰˣʺܸߣһܸ߼ĵţǵĶΣϵƣ֪
󵨿ͽ컯֮£ȻɱԽ֮£⻹⻹𣿡һҺӣ˵һЩ˾úܺЦҺǷĻ
ǷǵȻģȻôˣ
һ֮£Щǿ˿ܣĿ¶׹⣬㣬ȻͻСӣҹӵ飬ȵĻ
Ȼͼƣ߾һսСս
ȴһЩĻ֮󣬾¶ɱ⣬Ȼ󿴵ʱȫסˣһŵӡ
˶㣬Ȼٿˡ
㿴ˣһߵ꣬о졭
ιǰСӣ죬ǲʶʶĻ˵仰ٰЩǿͽһʱϰԵѿڶ˵ͲںǰЩ߼ǿ
ΣΣһ֮Ȼо
ߣԭ㣬û뵽ǻĳ¼档Ǳ꿴㣬˵ոյֱȫûˡ
ʲôȻʶģǺãɱٵˣϵǿʲôűŵ˵ȻǰСе㲻ˬ֪ʲôԭ򣬲ȷţо
ͷ⵽ô£ĸ˲ǵĿꣿһ߼ǿòƸ߼ǿ˵
Ҳֲ壬һ㡣
仰ȻܵͣȴӲĶ䣬ѵ˵
ǼϴˡˣһΰԼòˣǰСӲǺԼһһ
ģĿǰֻһˣո˵ģҲû뵽ԼһεĿ꣬Ȼĳ¼档
ΣСӲ֪ΪʲôһߣһЩ֪ʲô˸Χ֮Կ϶һˣΪһҲûУֻһƥɴ⬵;Ҳûз򶷵ĺۼһ˱
ոǸǿҲ˵ˣĿ꣬Ҳ˵ԤıģȻԤıģ;Բֻ֣Լ鷳ɲͬǿ٣ǿֻ֮ϵùȻǵơ
ڵܴ󣬷ǳĴ󣡣
Ȼκ鷳ģ㵱ȻԹۣͲ˰СӸɵһ˰˵ġ
ͬʱˣҲڰй۲죬ͻһЩ侮ʯ顭
ֻЩȴ뿪ΪҲ㲻嵽˭ˣ˭ǵĿ꣬ԾһܷŹ
Ϊߵ𣿡ոյתͷҪ뿪ʱһĸ߼ǿȥ·סȻƽҪҲƵλá
㿴˿ǰˣһ󣬺ܸɴֵͷȥ˵ıϣϸˣ΢Цĵһͷ
Ƿ̣Ǽ̤үϣ̻ˣڵֻ
ܺһΪʲôҪȥǣΪʲôԼı棬Լ֪һԼһһԼ֪ߺܶɫŮһ𣬾һ͵ܳ
ҪΪҲᱻһΧţҪԼʣթң򵥵˵һξǰƱ
ҵĹӣ¾Ȼ˸˵ȥҲûţʵȴǰ
ǵ˭ˣ
ⱾȲش𣬱֪ҪʲôҪɱ˻ҪƱһںӣļġ
ɱ㣿ϵǼ⣬ֵǮǵȻҪġͷͷܲм˵
ǾǰƱˣǱ㣬ƻʵ
ûǸй򣡡
ƣߣȻǸߣôû뵽ƱҪأٺ٣λ˴磬֪ºܲõһֺ죿˵һ˵Ļ
С̫ǿ˰ɣʱ򣬾ȻҪһֺ졣
ãͷͷŷӦȻеͷʹʵ㻹ûлشң˭ˣ
ˣֻǵС塣ڰͷͷ˵֮̾˵仰ȴ㣬ˡ
ؿˣСҪַʽԼ
˵һ£һ޳ܱɣȻ˵Լǣٽžһ˵Ϸ롣
ȴЦЦȻ˵ԣˣСӲǵһûС塣
û˵ֵ֣ҵ飬Ⱥһ֪һεˣһЩһﵨҪթ֪ǾǺڰеĸ߼Ա
Ļ֮󣬺ɻ󲻽⣬û뵽˵Ĳ룬ӦǼԼˡ
̨ʶ׼ˣҪ֤Լˣ㣬ȴһһӾˡ
Ҫʲô⣬⣬ܿˡ
ˣǾͺãԹԵܡȫˣΪʱ˭ԼȥԼǱܵĿ꣬׳ն١
ǰ׳գôһܵĹңһȺŮ䡭
ͷͷ˵һ仰ΪʲôԼ
СӸɵ²©ȻǶд鷳
׳չȻǰ׳գ£ð䱾Σ˼һŹŹ֣òЩҲʡһЩ鷳
΢Цţˡ


156 
ˣҪɱңʲôҲܵõҲ̫⣬кš
СӣʲôµģỊ̇ʮһúעڣҪһߺ˵Ǳٵģ󣬱ٻġ
ĻΧһʱСӹȻҶ٣һΣжûУһ̬˵ŷ
òԼҲò˶٣ʱ򻹲һҪ˺ƱˣڻģʱҲһҪȥ
Ҳ㻹֪ǾصָɱĶٰܣΪľǷ֣Ϊ
㡭㡭
һʱ֮䱻˵Ҳû˵ȥ׵⣬ҲβҲӲһΣȥ԰ɡ
˵֮϶Щ˵ιǻ֣׼ȵʲôʱ򣬱ٵʱô˷ѡ
ǵģүСӻǰɣҺүЩ˱εģȻĳΪүȷӦ϶ŭĿӡ
ûмˣΪƱҲûһƱľ򣬾ȻΪԼڼҵүЩ˵ļū
еİ˶ﰵΪ£ǻһˡ
˿뵽ץסߵ˵ҪҲҪСһֻǵҪȥץʱȴѾˣ֪ʲôʱѾܵ˵һߣ΢Цſ
񣬾ͺ˵֪ôһУ
Ƿ֮زÿˣÿ˶ĵ
еˣЩһӽԼڣԼΪʲôҪԼΪʲôһԼΪʲôŬȥѧ似ڡ
֮󣬶һѵĺڣֶٸǶ಻ʤ
ʱͻȻеȵȣ
˶ͣһ£ҲоһϣȻϣã
Ǽסɱ˵ʱ򣬲Ҫˣô˵ҲǱһģסûСС֮˵š
ǵģүģôˣСӣҵš

Ȼ˽үصͷȥɣҾš

СӣܲңӽܲˬҪȻûȫʬҾͲ֪ˡ˺ܲˬ˾͵ùˣǵ˵
ʱѾȫ벻ʲô취ȥӦǰЩһȫʧӦþǲͲ֪Լԭô
ʱڽŵʱҲǻһ뵽һЩ취
ͻȻû˷һ˵ԼЩͼǿ֡
ţԼĽԼĸ۾ȥڱ۾֮ǰһֺܶ񶾵㡣
ʲôֲɱģԩͷծǵߵЩˣҪҡһ²ؼӣһԵİǺһ١
ʱ򣬰ûȥ㣬ͷͷʹȥ쿴ģô
ˣҲûˣ͸ˡ쿴˵İ˻ص
ȻΪðǻɣԼͬ鲻ֱ治Ƕ֮ͽ飬ıǳǿġ
ȻˣǾ͡
뿪˵еаšͷͷ˵˵⻰ʱ򣬻һ㣬˼ԣаŵСӡ
ȵȣ㵭˵
ôˣҵĴүͷͷе㲻ͷˣȥԼһ̲סûյǮ֮ǰɱǰɶСӡ
˵ҪᣬҪõģǸǿڸӣȥһݣᣬġƽ˵Խƽ˾ڿЦһ˵ĸо
ϱΪ뷨ҲİţȥڿӣҲãҲ˱˷֣ȻʬܿͻᱻҰߣǲֵܱġ
ʱڴҿ£ϵļѨѾȥͻȻ۾
ʬ䣿
һֺᣬܵ˵ţ似УһֽвļܣǴ̴ʵȴǰضλô̴Ŀ϶ճһּ״ּ̬ڱϣͬҲԼϣõľⲻ
Ļ˵۾ԽԽ˾Ȼּ֪ܣһܿԼļܡ
Ҫⲻܣô֪ⲻ֮أʱȴԼ
㳤ú񣬵һʲôҪ飬ȴƫƫðңɲҪ鷳Ϊ˱鷳񻯣鷳У֮Ժ˵ô໰ҲֻǿϣǷһ˵ȴܷ
Ļ˺ܲ⣬Ǻܿû뷨㽫ϵĽһᣬҲͱ
Ҫ˵ô֪ҵĲ֮أֻһɺϣֲڵѾ֪һֺļܣû뵽ﾹȻҲôļܡ
˺ǲңĻǿּܣýߣνʱҲܴӼ״̬
ڲˣһûҪҲҪΪѾֹסѨ޷
ֻΪʲôҪŶð㣬ðĻͲܱ˳úԼһûרģֲ˭
ˣ̧ȥˣЩ˵İЩ˵ԼļҶĲǲ

̣ôһ죬Сᵽ
˽˵ʬ̧ȥӽУúϣʹĲţþеȣȵʵʵġ
Ⲣ棬ǺܲˬǳĲˬҪеĻй
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㣿ͷͷдļ֣Ȼ֮Ĺ
֣ͷͷȴûаһˣǺڰ̶ֻȵĻҲɱˣ𰡡
㡱֣Ҳ֮ǰҪ˵Ƿ˭һΣҲҲҪһС
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ڽ죬ڴʱ˾̫ͷ϶ȥңҳѾҪǵĸо
ҵĴ֮Уҵļ˫ü΢壬ϵˣͬı飬ء
ʱްҴܽʵףʲô£ܵʲô£
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ӰʯްеԻʱô׻ҪԼӰʯҲûȥʣȥӰʯ
һӰʯ֮һͳСʯ֮ϣҵ˶ʶꡪˣһЩҲΪ㡣
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ַްסˣַܽ˵
Һ֪ȥɣҲ֪ı硭
ŶԣȻͲаƱթްﰵ
ڱϵȲҪ˵ҾͲ˵ˡ
ްʲô鷢ںı飬ߴңֻЦ
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ްڻʱ򣬾Ժ￴һ߾ʬ屻ײţǰ֪ôˣ֪ˡ
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а²ǽӣҲ˵£û֮ǵģԵͷҲãܵѵҲãԺҲһ㡣˵
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ҲҪ̫ģոյӰҲ͸¶һȻѡｻףһҸոѾ˹ȥ̽ˡƽ˵
仰֮ɫͻ˺ܶ࣬ﻹԽԽãԼıҲٳһͷ

һߣһߣͬҲϣ¿ΪѾܲˡ
ϴܲСӣСʹ˵

Ӹʹ࣬ڱ̣


158 Ҫ
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ƱҲǿͻ
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СɽǷƿ˵ʱݵأԾûгڵĴϰ߾ǴһǹһطԲһص㳤Ҳһֱûбץסԭ֮һ
ϴ󣬲ǰ׼һµĴҲ֪СܳԣѾǵʳȫԹˡСε
ƿһӾסˣ֪ܳԣһʼţΪƭԼȥһò֪ͣԭǿôܳԵġ
ǣôҲ벻㾹ȻԼȺһµʳǰʮ꣬ⲻ˵СӱЩ˼Ҫܳԣ⻹
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һÿ˶ͷͷƿˣҴҲԹΧҲֻǽˣԼЩȫſ¡
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ֱǲſ϶СǹԼЩ˵ѵʳĸһҪ
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ʱһĹȥȻƱȴǿǰƱȫûƱӣһμ̸ôȥҪĻڡ
׼Ĵ峿ȥҷƿˣǸųѣ˻ðĻ𻨡
ԴˣĽ;˹¸Ħ֢Ⱥ
ڷƿ˷䣬ͻȻֵģ÷ƿ˴󾪣ھԼȴͻȻǰСûģ˭Ҳס
ֻСҪԼƿ˲ˣ
ֻһ£²֪ҳ㿴ŷƿ˵Ĳɡ
˵֮Ҳ͵Ⱥ򣬷ƿ˴һ£·ųˣ
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ʲô취;óÿ㲻ػصǺڰˣӦ֪أҵݲܸ棬ֻ赱һͨˡ
ƿĿ¶׹⣺ãҾ͡

ϴ󣬵ˣ͸һ·ɣƿͻȻȻú˵һһֵҪţźҪ͵Ұɣ

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ƿڰţıȫһȻϷϷҲֻĺڵ˲óܸɴֱ࣬ӣΪĿĿ׿һУ˵ҪҲһָɴֱӵı֡
һٻһ㣬᲻˼ҪǮǷƿĿĲǴﵽˣһһ޾ܶʮʮң
ǰ˾һֱ˵һ仰жϥлƽ𡱣˼ֻҪлƽ𣬾Ϳ¹
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С˵ôô쵰ӶˣӦթһ㣬Ūʮ˼˼ͿˡҵźչˣʱСӻֻҪţҪӡƿŭе˵ĻҲ˵ġ
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ˣţһչˣ

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ƿ˵ļҲѾʮˣҲΪҴ̼û˴̼Ǿͻúġ
˵ΪǮĴҲõʱһɢŪʮңʱһ㿪ʼڶ⡣
ЧҲǺҪģ
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ʱ򣬷ƿ˽ס㣬һ⣺٣Һ֪ΪʲôʱűݣǲǹģҪ
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һαв˱ˣȫҪѾϰвңв

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Сϲ¾ҲϲϾһֽģôһ죬һУһصƽĹš¶һ˶ûмı飬һֺܹ¶ȴȻĸоһֺҪʧһĸо
ҪȥСȥСɵϣСԴòеĸо
ЦЦ˵С裬ҾҪ⣬һʱ䣬񲻻Ը⡣
С費Ҫ뿪㣬һ첻УһСʱУС˵
˵ǽ죬ҪɵУҪԶһ㣬Ҫ˷ˣѾҵƣ
ţСģСͷǺܹԵģôֻٻѡ
ǲӦ취αװαװȻҵı־вҪ鷳˵ƣ뵽⣬Խʱ鷳ҲԽ࣬ɲиƣһ֪
Ϊ仰һܲ˼飬Ҳ֪һ£ԭС衪
С費÷αװСαװС轾е
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⻹Ψһı仯ëҲøΪϸԵǣСԴϣ仯ϸë
ȫҲǰСӰӣԲţǰֻѩСǰС衣
̫˰ɣץСϸĹ۲ÿһ֪ʲôƷ֣ôı졣
ߣåСһСϣ˵

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ڱֶһ˵ֻרҵԱֺиԵ˲Żȥо񾭴ȥˣԲȥо붼ȥ롣
ˣãָԭӣȷЩˣȻͻᱻ˻ɣʱ֮ͱڵӡ˵
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Сʧ飬ƿ˵ҲûзϣΪǲעһֻСΪС辭뿪һʱ䣬ȻС趼ܿȴ֪һִС貢һߵġ
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Щһﶼİˣٲûȥǣʻ˵˵ʣǾװ

磬Լġʱ䡱֮ǰҾѾ׼ôڴһ˳֣͡
Ȼǿʼһ᱿ΪֱӾǿеģ˿ܻᱻɱȴܱ֤ˡİȫ
˵ɱһˣҲûһָҪΪ˵İȫŰȥһȥ
ǣֻҪ˰ȫ֮Ǿͻȫȥ׷ɱЩˣҪ֣ҪٵĽǮҲҪЩȫɱ
ҵȨǲЩС̤
֮ˣֻҪӦͻķҲӦ֮⡣
һ飬ָĲǷӵ飬ָĲ֣ȫûκεı׼ԣϤߣп·ǰĻԶܳҲҲ
Ҳ֣Ϊʲôʥ֮ǣһҵĻʳǣôһĽֻΪﵱΪбƣս׼һµ㡣
Ǻʥ۹չԽԽӴʥ֮ʳǣԴӽʼڣһֱûб˹ƹҲչԽԽ
Ϊԭ򣬱һ⽫䷢չЩ˴󲿷ֶҪѴңҪսĿܡ
ڻӣױΧȴܣҲһڰۼĵطܶڰ˶оݵ㡣
ö֮ҲΪʥ֮ǺڰһȴҲĽ֮һ
ѡｻһѵĵص㣬ԭҶõģҲ뵽ġ
ҾܽеĳҲܽӽǶУֻܽΧס
ˣǵ֮ǰΧǾͻеĻңܱͱ⡣
Լĵص㣬С˳ֲʼˣڲ֣һطһӣǵһжҲ˿Ѿ
ţС뿪뿪ʱʲôͻȻɢ븴ӵĽʼӴܡ
ΪСǵģֳһ˰׷ȥװ·ˣӽǸӡ
ƿ˵һطʥǵңǾȻֱȥңȥʲôס
ʱҲ׼ȥʱ򣬷ƿ˺ǲضҵĻ˵һ
˵仰ʱ򣬷ƿҲ࣬Ȼ˶֮ĴҲ˻ȥһصӡ
ȻֻǶݵ࣬ǻȴһϳԼү׼ȷ˵үò
ɫ䣬ôҲ벻Ӧ˵İˣôܴ󵨵ǰ󣬲һ󵨵ֻһ
Ȼ𾪣ȴϷӦΧͬʱҲȥ֪ͨˣҼ
ܿ죬죬ˣްͳҴſڣǰⲻô۵ƾԷסκεĹ
ǣܹ𣿴Ȼǲܵġ
ݼȻˣǲʶһ¡侲һҲǶӱǺӭһˡ
ʶشҶѾ˴ʶˣֻǵڻûмѡƿ߳΢Ц˵
ԭǴķƿˡ٤˵µҲֻһѾõӡ
һʷͬʱصİƱ˫ŵľ桭


161 ˡ
Ҳÿˣ㽻һƱҰ˻ǡƿ˺ֱӵ˵ȻǸˣҲ鷳ʱԽ࣬鷳ͻԽࡣ
Ѿǵһ飬ѵЩ軹Ҫ𣿡컹ƽ˵š
ǰҪǲǻţǲûܹŰƿ˺ֱӵ˵ȫһߵϱжѿ
ΨһĶӣĲˣ⼸仰ԼĶӱŰĻ棬Ȼֻ
ƿֽүֵʱͳļ˿ǲǻġ
վϣһȴһ㺦µӣôõͬʱҲʱ˺ܴѹ
ԴˣƿȻûʲôӦȴİԭСݼôã֪Ļһ·Ϸϻʲô
ˡܲס飬ʹ
ڣ˿ˣҵǮأƿֽƽֻ֣СӲ˵Ҳһú֡
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ƿﰵΰ˻ҲûãΪĶ͹ˣǰСӣһʱ䣬ʱҲʧ
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һʱû뵽Լ˵òȻõһĴ𰸣˼ҸͲ㣡
ÿ·뿪ģǻԲὫ˦ߡƿ˺ں˵
ĬһᣬȻ˵ȸңʲôطŽаȫĵطܲһֱܰɣҲҪиλá
ΪȫĵطԣǧҪΪʲôȫĸоƿЦ
ƿ˵˼ԣҪΧ̫ҲҪ̫
ʱ򣬲ǲܵ飬ƿҲּⷽۻۡ
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Ķͱʾڵȴһʱ̡
ڳʻţ治ԶһȺҲвٳڱУôƣһֲӵĸо
ʵϣҪӵĻͻᱻɴ⬣
ЩˣʵֻµЩҪԱ˶ѾȥЩ˲⿴˵ƣ˵ҵжôǿ
Ѿȥ֪ͨЩǷƿǲҵȻʲô
ܿ죬һֵͣסˣúŵҲ͸ͣ벻ͨƿҪʲôһᣬ쿴ûжͿʼˣȥ쿴
ʱ򡭡
䣡һ죬ʥ֮Ǿ˭졣
˶ʶسԴȥǿһطϿճ
һӾͿǸط죬оϤǾеЩħը
ħըȴ۸񳬹һħըҪһңԾʥ۹ӵеҲࡣ
ҲģҪʲôȻΪʲôҪĶҪըҵ
ѵ˵һΣһʼǵĿĲΪ𣬶Ҫҵ֣ȻħըҪը
Щһ˲ǺܿûȥˣΪʱͻȻ쭣ǰȥ
׷ҵ˾Ϳʼ׷
Ҳ֪ǲǳ˷ܼһϣȻ˦ں棬ʼٶԽԽ졣
ʮ·һҲ˾ͷ
ʱ򣬳˺ܲԾ˾ͷȻ٣Ҳûת˼ȥһᳵ
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ײ˾ͷΧǽǽײҲˣˡ


162 ʧ䣿
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һĽѾ嵽ǰ棬һǽڽŵĲ֮ѣ֮е⣬˵䵣ĵĳ̶ȡ
Ҫ㿴һĻ᲻ɱˣһĸʧȥӣ
ᣬǲڣȥѾΪʵҲ޼£Ҳȥڡ
Ҳһ㲹ȴԼˣֻΪԼһ㣬ֻһŶ
ûȥɱˣֻ취ٵòɱĵΪ˺Ϊ˵Թ޵֪˾һ
һжԼȥǵģȡ
㽫Ὺ̺ϾһһӵϣȴҵĽǽڵƬῪ
ῪԽ࣬ɫԽأﻹзƿ˵ӣǸҲһʧ
һ·ϣԼ߷Χ֮ڣôʧѵ˵һʱ䣬ǸԼ˶סľ죬һʼǾѾƺЩˣԼЩڹָ֮䡣
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ˣѣ㲻Ҫңˡ˱һڿ޽ţ˾Ȼ㡣
Ҳúܶ˸е⣬㾹Ȼ֮УһѹƬ֮£òҲʧȥֵ֪ʱǱһƤסصġУ漣ĺ˺ۡ
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Ͻ˷סˮĳڣдȥ׷ӦĴʩһΣҪץסƿˣҪݺݵĳһУԼӱ˵顣
Ѿ⣬ΪǷƿܵԵʣͬʱԼӡ飬Ҳͻɥ
үȥû⣬ֻǷסеĳȴǲʵֵġһԱȽϸ߽׵ġҶ˵
˵ʲôһȥѰȻѯǸ߽׼Ҷ
Ǹ߽׼ҶͽԼ֪һУʵ˵⻰֪֮ȷǲܵ顣
ԭʥ֮ǵˮϵͳƵ˼£ͨ˴ֲе棬һЩҪʩʹ֮ĵطжˮϵͳ⣬Ķġ
˵ҪסеڣҪеľӵһһܳɹסƽʱ
ڣΪǸ죬жеңôĶͻɴңʱҲûһټˣӰš
˵ĺܶԣһʱټҲϷסҪʱģԷƿˡ٤㵽һ㣬ӦѾˡͷҲȥסгʵʵ飬ʵʵĻ׷٣׷
ʵĿѾﵽԼĶѾƽµĻ÷ƿһʱ䣬Ժеʱȥ
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ϸȻԶȴӰ쵽ߣӰ쵽Լ׷ƿ˵ʱԼֵİš
벻ʵЩŲ֮ƿ˵Ľ飬ΪԼӵ㡣
ʱˮݣЩ뷨ƿ˶Щ뷨еʣͬʱҲһǰһлȻĸоΪЩ뷨һĻһѼƻʵҲ֤һ㡣
ǣΪʲôڼƻпܵ㣬ȴһƬУ˱ſ޽Умʲô⣬бʲô
Ҳֻеʱ򣬲֪

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˵ķվŲˣҲ˻ʵۣ벻ѣһ͹ģʵҽ쿴
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ллҽˣҽȥ
ҽȥ֮󣬾ڳ˼ʵҲױػΪ˲˵ԭ

⵽ôһأĺΪʲôᱻػѵǷƿ˺ڳԺڣҪ̵һݡ
һʼǷƿ˵ģڳԺȣӦ˵
ѵǷƿڱ㣬κԼܵ
ڶ죬չ۾һˬӣĶҲһֱˣ˵ް
ˣ˰˾ͺã˾ͺáһ˵Ҫ
ȴ˶ܵĶ˵ֽӴһ˵һ仰ް̴סˡ
˭Һʶ㣬УҺ񲻽ˡһɻӡ
ˣôˣ谡ô趼ʶ㲻Ҫˡż˵
裿裬Ҳˣ㻹һɻӡ
˼㲻ˣǽʲô
ʲôıأЩʲôҽʲô֣
裬鷳ˣܵܺʧˣް
ʧ䣿


163 ˸ıԸ
ʧ䣿
˾ȵȻ㻹ǲǵң
֪
֪ʲôط˭ķ䣿
֪

裬ҪЩˣ㶼ǵˣʧʲôҽʦɣκþκãܾҲûʲô⡣ްУһ֣õĸо
ް˵ʲôŭްͬʱио⻰ҲûеģʧѣֻҪû£ǾͺˣʧֲǾ֢Ҳͻָ䡣
ǵܵܣ㻹˲ʶңްͷȻҲֻʣҲ̫ϣ
ȴصһ仰΢΢ȡ
еӰ죡
ҽʲô
ް
ް̾ϲ裬ǵңǺءʱûע⵽ƺЩͬ
ţһָܻ˻ϲصͷֻ˵Ŀĺֱܿʧ䡭
ոްҾʧ䣬Ҳܻش⡣ƽˮ˵

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ڵõϢҲһ£һû£뿪ˣʧ⣬ͽҽʦǺõģʲô¶Խ
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ʧ֢Ҫάֶãʲôʱָܻҽһģһ˾ʹõĴ𰸣ԭǡ
Ҫ˹ӵҲһָܻҲһҲ޷ָ˵һҲ˵׼ԴʵǺ˵ǿԶȥϤĵطϤ飬Ҳͻ̼ļ䣬ͻȻָ
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Ϊ͹ԼĻˮƽ˻Ūһǿ鷿һռнƽ߶а׵鷿ǽڿԾ񣬰Ӹ;鼮мûһظġ
ֱ˵һС͵ͼݣ
ȻЩ飬ҲпģмһһС飬רŷǣһЩͯ˵ĳС顣
ҲŪô鷿ΪЩ
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ҲСĹϿܲ³ΪʲôСһҪԺӵ飬ⱾҪܶһ飬ȴֻСһ˶С̬ȺܲãҶ뵽СǵˣŰ
ô˵ǲʧ䣬»ĶԺȹ

һľ峿Ժеĳϣźܶӣ滹һЩʳĲԳһ١ḻ͡
ϳӣм⣬һֻѩɫ쳣ССǰ滹һСˮСԵû졭
㿴СЦغȻ
㣬ʲôʱ뿪￴飬СƣСڵҪոʰһӽȥС쿴ͻᾪȵ˵
С첻֪Сģֻ֪С֮ǸپȻûиһιš
Ҫ仰ͻȡ
ֻЦ˵СԣҿҵĲ飬Ǿʧ٣ԵĻ˳ǣ򣡡
ԭСʧİϷ


164 Ϊǵ
ʧ䣿
ʲôʱ˵ԼʧģЩΪǵġ
һʼ㶼ʵʵ˵ǲ֪˭ͬʱҲʵʵ˵˵ԼްеӰ졣
ֱ˵ˣԼǽˣֻЩʵûѣǽʧ䣬ʵҲúΡ
Ϊʲôʵûأ
ĻǸҽȻһ˵Լʧ֢Ҳ֪ǴʲôطģҲԣʧ֢ͺ˵ֻǿߵıֲ֪
ҲΪʲôҪԼʧļʧ֢˭Ҳ鲻
֮ҪҪҵĲ飬½Ҫ˵˭ҵĲ࣬ǾͷĳҪ˵˭ҵĲΪͬҲҡ
ҵʷƺҪʥ۹ĻӰм廹ҪϺܶ࣬һʼҾһصļ壬ΪӰм彨ʥ۹ű֪
Ϊڷƿ˵ϣһ£Ҫȥ˽һҵʷҵ似ԼĻԺռЩȻĿҪǺߡ
ͽᣬҪҿΪүݣܽӴĶȻܶࡣ
ƿҲûʲôЩº˦飬ҪǮ׼ø㣬һУԼİţ÷ƿȥԼһе׼ų֣Ȼװʡ£ѹ档
ֱҵ˽ڳ˱ʱͺֱӵĿʼ˯Ҫ˯Ϻͻ졣
ڶ죬˯Ȼѣʱ򣬾ͷްԼıغţĸе˼õȻ飬˸еһֺƽȴů
ͿʼĻҵƣװʧ䣬׼ȷ˵ǰʧˡ
ʧһУҪװһǿʽҲʡһУΪͲȥʲô׼ȫÿ֮ǰʲô£ʲôԸ񣬵ʱֱʧС
ȻôӣǶȻΪʧԭ
ڵĿںžǡ
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һõĴ˵㣬Ϊһ˵ԺһŶû뿪
ҪȥҵĲ󿴿û뵽ռ飬вٺ飬ȻмҲдҲŪġ
ĻҪ˵Ĳ鿴֮꣬ȥҲȥʱ˵Ҳʹ˴ΪȴǰֱӲһǻʱȥжֻ߼רעĸ
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ĹҲһ飬һھΪ
Щʿ˵ҶͻȻתԣÿ춼ԹڼûгȻ֪ʲôһ²ţӰеҶǲܵ飬ԴҾͿʼǰǸСϢҶʧˣ𵴱òˡ
˵Щˣ˵ڲҲǶһ²ڼпΪǾȣҶºϷŪԼôһӡ㡱ĺѧù֮ˣ̫˼ˡ
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СңɶүʧͬʱԸҲˣһԼǰԼûԼһΣҲԼһЩûбҪֺ۵顣
ȻһԼ䵭ֻҪΪԼԼͲȥʲô
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˵Ҳܼ򵥣ֻҪҿСӣ״ţСòһŮӵеģͶֳʣҲһĹӵеġ
òԳ֮Ϊһɫˣ˵ް£ǾӵԾͱ˿ˣ鷳
С죬С죬ʥ֮һС㣬Ȼֺļ壬ʥ֮ģҲһС塣
ļұǲĺԶԶ˵ûᲢ۵ģΪ˼С죬ȥ׷󣬲˲ŮһͻжЩǰ׷ŮֻҪЩһû꣬ͿԽŮķ²
ǣþһȴСܾ
߳ŭ֮£ͶԼҽдѹȴȻûüСǼֻǵΪüǣǩ˵ʮԼΪѾͷֻΪ˳Ѿͷ
ҲҺֲϲǿеõŮˣȻ˱źһ࣬ȴһֱ֮
ȻǸ٣ҲһԸĶ٣ҲٶԼҴѹҲҪõС壬˵ҵµĿ꣬ԼСʧȥȤ
Сÿ챻ŰҲòӣҪµҲ⸱ӡ
ȻСֵͬ飬Ƕ˵ѾԴϰΪټҲһԸһԸûˡ
ûٹܼС£üȥУҪȥ䣬ڼ᲻õġ
ǰ̫ˣȷе֣ȥɡްͷ
˿ʼǺԼĶӿĿ飬һҲԣڿ־ãȥֳҲν
˰ìܣ


165 ʰʰؼȥ
ȥֱӵ˵
Ϊʲôȥǰϲȥ𣿡ްʵ취ȥ䣬ȴֱ˵
˵˺ܶĵط˵ǰϲȥֳ¥ĳõĴ𰸶һġ
Ҳȥص

ްͷʹˣȥ䣬벻ôһ죬ȥڼԹԴš
ǲǾŻƳ㿴ˣʲôҲֱӵ˵
ţѾһˣȻҲϣԣҲҪȥ͸͸˵
Ҳһطе㲻áͷ
ôͺãͺްȥ䣡¶ϲɫΪͨˣָֻܿǵĳݡ
ȥͲˣȥ󣬻ǾͲһطƳ˵

ʲôֱ𣿻һĿ飬ʲôʱ˺ѧȻҪѡȥ
ʹһ£Ҫȥ󣬲ҪˣУôУˣҲҪֻ֪飬Ŷ̤벽
ˣڻѧԱҪȥѧԺġֻһڣȥѧԺȻҲֻ࣬ȥˡ
˵˵ͺһģҲһһѧͬʱҲһһѧѧ
ѧȫûñȣΪԼУȴΪ˳Ժ֡
һҲȥѧԺȥֱӵػصǰǾ仰ָԼһá
Уڱȥ
ʲôҪڲѧϰֻǵطͬѧԺ黹ûڿĶ࣬УѧԺֻǸһ֤ѣʵȫҪԼȥҪʱȥҲҪں˵
⣬ûֻ
ˣǵ˼ףҵԼΪҪĻѣԼȥҲ϶ֿۣ
˱֣ް֪Լ˵ʲôҲȥֻ÷ˣʱȥ֮ˣͻԼ
ֻ˭Ҳ벻εļ֣Ȼִ£һŶû뿪ÿǿ飬˯
ȻҲǶЩ㵱˵ˣʶˣֻ֪Ҫ϶һ£ͻֵף
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С춨סһ֮󣬾ʹʵ۶Ҳãֲ˼飬ķӦ
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167 ԰
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Ҳ˵ǣ˦ǵġ
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ǵģ˵ʰʰؼң˵ҪҡСͷص
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ҲΪʧµģһָ䣬Ǿͻ̬֣Ҳ䱾Ŀǰ˵ǺܺõģͬԶԣ
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169 һļܽлױ
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Ҫް֪µĻȥѧԺΪȥ㲻Ӧôɴʲô
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ûȤȥȴܲĴް

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171 ȡš
ˣȥѧԺˣҲȥ
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û˼С죬ҲϰһŮȴˣҵүŮ˰ŵģֻҪǿиߣҲûа취顣
Ҳ֪飬ʱʱȽҲû˵ʲôֻǴϹʣû˵꣬Ѿˡ
ްôʲô𣿡˴һСŮԺްһ䡣
ްشҵܵȥѧԺӦңȥҸոʱȴҲСҲˡǲһȥˣ
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˴ԼȥʱʵʱᷢƢԾö֮û˸ˡ

ʥѧԺȷǿ󡣡վʥѧԺſڣΰĴţ͸еѧԺǿ
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ѾͨĴţȽţҪ֪ŵĻѾԲңҲǧҡ
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Сӣ־ܣΪѾʥѧԺû˸Ҷǵʥ֮˲顣
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οɲһںںôܿԼѧԺĴűŽȥ
ʱһѧԱѾýָ˵ȥͲҪҲˡ

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żһһ˵ĸߺ𣬶Ҫһϣ˹˽ѵһ㣬˵㱳˾ϣ˹ϣ˹ʥѧԺлкܸߵ
˵û㣬ͬϲڱýָű٣ÿĻҲҪֱٲˡ㵭˵ûмţֻΪеΣգðΣȥǷ⡣

ֳһӾֱȸոոǿҵĸߺ
ѾŭЩ¸ӦԺжϣ˹Ķ䣬Ȼᡣ
ת
ž̴ӸոյúһƬžûٷһĿ㡣
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΢Ц˵òƾŭȻⲻǱҪģҪһµʱ򣬾Բ顣

仰ֱӣȷˣǲ㲻ҪģǾдȶڳĬͬʱҲﰵ
ʱ򣬺ֱӵĻһӽ

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ҶûЩ˵һ˵Ļ
ңԶҲҪΣȻپѾ࣬ǿôڴı飬ƺŵļӲ̶ȣԱٽΪһ¡
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ǵģҾҹȥԣֻǱţûʵԸްͷȻ󡪡
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СѩŽƣһ˳У˻رܡȫ⣬һСǴ˵
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ʹˣŻҲһƣҪѧĶܶࡣҡͷò˵С軹˲ܶࡣ
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ι㵹˵виһشűٲ˵ʲôΪ˵𣿡
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˵ŮȻͼѰԼ򵼵ˣŮȻû˵ֻǿ۾ֺܾȣеɻ顣

߰ɣεģûô·ôеоʹ࣬ȻҲһ·ĸоѧԺĹģ˵Ľǧƪһɵģо࣬Ӧ˵ѧԺķ񣬵ȴԲʶ·˺ͷʹ
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ްС㣬١ܳԵ£ʱܿ̿࣬ʳԽԽ󡣡Сһ߷ĸһԼʳȻǰʵÿ춼Ҫſռָʳ
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ҪԵĻȵˣҪҵʱѶꡣ⣬һھ֮󣬾˵һ䣬Ȼּ
ްС㣬ǿˣȻүܿͳģ㲻֪ٶȡС˵
ʲôôһǳԼھͿԣҾͲУǳԱ֮ǰһꡣްŲæ˵
ǣܿ죬ްԼˣûãͷ϶һ룬Լų˼ڣѾһĶĲˣȻмҲųԵŮϸʵġ
ްסˡ
ʱ򣬱Ը񣬻ȫһ㣬һȴһ̣δĲˡ
Ů̲˸ӣѵ÷ġ
ԭްһŮǸ·ġư͡
仰˵֮涼ˣ˶ŵĿ㡭


174 Ů
ưͣҲ˲ʿͨνȺ壬ܰͰΪһˣȻҪ
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װˣ㲻ʶĻôŮްոôʱ䣬û˵ʲôô֪ܲ˵
ҪشʱһеԺ鷢ˡ
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Īˣ˵ʲôҺ˵ԼŮ
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ĻôܣԹܶ˰̫˰ɡް˵һῴ㣬һῴǸŮ
С죬ңŮ˵Ϊʲôôڿһ˷ģżСС˵ȴκ©ĴްҲǿްоë顣
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ԣʥ۹Ů
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ʱĻΪԼħʧЧˣǺܿް֮󣬾Լħǿõġ
ڸԿ϶ϵˣ˵Ķ󣬰ڣ˵ĻõΨȴ
ֻһ𰸣ħߵġ


175 Ůھ
룬˶˵ûУˣǰҲ˵𣿡˵ްʼеɻ󣬾ʧ䣬Ҳܻʧ
ްоϵĹԽԽ࣬ԼܵܵҲԽԽ࣬úǸԼܵܳһСӲ࣬ѵ˵
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⻳վǻɣһʼ֮󣬾ͻԽԽġ
˵ȫҪľģΪ㱻ˣҲںֻ鷳һ㣬˵鷳ûԼҪԲԼˡ
ɷвգʱްֱǲˣòǰһֱ˵ԼǣӦ˵ǲ㣬԰ٷְٿ϶Ļشǡ
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УҪűۣٲϲģ㻹ǳİɡ
˵⻰֮һȺˣһȥȥһСӡǰͼݡ
뿪ֳ֮ҺĿʼ۷׷ףǾ仰ʵ̫бըˣ˵ģֻһˡ
ڷһ֮󣬶ް˵ްú֣һˡиոҶʹħûЧոһֱʹħÿӰ쵽㣬ȫûиоҲ˵ۡ
ʲôҶۣ˭ϲѧĶүߡ
Ĳ֪ϣֻԴ߱˵ķݣʹħҪӰ쵽ǲֵܳ
Ҳĵħ㲻õԭΪľҪܶ࣬ħǿԼľʹԷԼԼԼĻж
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С㣬һʮˣǺ˰˵ǰλӾһ˵Ӧòػص˵ʱϲһ˿ı顣
һ˵㻹ĻܣŽܣȫϯһ˵ˡ
һ˵ܳԣԵʮңһͷС죬ʲôˣôôԡްһóҽˣһ߶һԵļС˵
ܳһ㡭СӦû˵ģΪҲ֪㵽ΪʲôôܳԣһֲɱģԽӵĶ˻Ҫ󣬵Ǿǲ֪ȥˡ
ްҪĻʲô㣿ȡЦްĸܺã˽¾Ц
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ްעⳡϣʱڵ
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оްʵĺ˹Ȼǽ

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ȻѾûҪģǾûбҪٴȥ
ҲΪϢҲңѧԺһ˸߼סˣУðƵүôܲӣᡣ
һ˵ͼݻֵطŮģطˣͼùŮŮھӡ
ǺɺϵǣŮͬһˣɺϵǣŮʶġ
ȴװûװʶΪ±˴ݣҪǻŷƶĽǧѰǵĻϳԼܸɴĳԼ㡣
Ůʵһ鷳Լ˰ɣ
㣿Ůͼʱ򣬾ö˵ҧгݵĳޣ֪Բɵġ
֮ûȫŮԹԼȥ鿨ҹԱȥ
˵Ȼûн鿨ģоˡ
ãͽ˵ԣͷ㵽һŶĽ鿨Ҫپж١
Ůּ֣˵֣Ҳ͵ˣûˡ
ֻû뵽ϻȥʱԼϱŵסһˣ˾㣬üͷţүǲҪ׷Լ׷Լߵѣ
ŮŴҶѾ³ûܺ㣬ʥѧԺŮֻһѩ
ʱŬ似ͼǣĽԼ似ʹԼ似Ը졣
ֻʱȴûľ룬˦ĸԶⲻ˵ĳɹ٣෴ĳɹѾ˴ΪԾˣȴٶȻҪ졣
ѧԺסһ飬ȻһԼġ
ƺҲûʲôӦΪòѾϰʧһ죬ʮʮġ


176 ҵ
峿٣ŰƣƷԽԽ£޷Ǳ
ĸҲûΪҶȥƣðǺܲרҵҲ©ٳģҪһʧ䶥ţͱ˲𴩡
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ȷİٶȲ죬һֺĸоԲ˿ͺˣһ㡣
ѩڸʲô䣬Ժ￪ʼȻҪΪҪϰÿһ£Ǻܶ˵ϰߡ
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ȻҲһʱģֱһصʱᣬԺаĿ顣
СȥˣСҪȥᣬôҲӰһɫ磬߹Ĳ񻰵ްڷСɧǰᣬûʸμҲ취ȥڵãֱʧ١
ްȥᣬҪʲôֲܰʲô˳ʱȥˣЩǰϲĵطûټ
֮ǰ˵ҪѧԺͼݿ飬ҹȥ˵ʱǿڣʱҲ֪ްص
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ǰÿζȥᣬڿԵסܶ鷳ûĲϰߡˣģ߰ɣҲ԰ҵס鷳Ӧÿԡް˵Ȼѩɫľߣˣѩɫġ
Щ˵ӦûǱÿϾû˸ҶĲģĿǰҲֻһ˵ĳϡ
εøеģǧУ컹а²ʽʼѧԺȥС
У԰ǰްһͿһɫŮվſڣЩʲôԥġ
ŮҲ˲˵ĿҶΪŮɫֱϣûм˱ʺϺɫ
С죿ްɻʲôΪʲôȥ
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ֲҲԭȻѧУŲްȻ
ȷ벻Ҳͬһ㡣
ڴȥỹûпʼް˵ž뼧Сһȥ㣬ҲŹȥ

ȥܼػص

ްҵʱͣΪް˿֮ܽ͡
ΪڳŮеȣʲôʱˣòһͨԵ㣬ĳһܳ⣬һʳ
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ͬʱҲûһԵ˼ʳҪǾҪ͵һ㣬ȥԵʳҲ
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ģС죬ÿӳԣСӵʳеˮ׼˾ͲҪڡްһ󣬾ϿٳȻһᣬͻᱻ꣬Ѿһνѵˡ
ɻ󣬻ȷϵ˼СĿʼˡ
ĺܺó԰벻ĳա
ŮҲԼĿģʼһ˴ûмķʽûյŸ߹ϸʵģϿ˵ԡ
ȷ˭֪ͬһϳԷͱҪȻ͵Űɡ
󡭡
£Һһȥ֮ĵһ仰ŮеȣǸոնĿģôͻȻָ֮ıˡ
ܿǾˡ
ϻҵͱŮ˸Եô࣬ȻҪȥʳҵԵġ


177 ǳǽ
Ůһ˵Ŀ
Ȼˣٵʲôطҵĺ䶯Ч
ֻǣҵ񲢲ŮǵĶǾɫˣָǧһǾԳġ
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ֻͻȻſ͵˵סȥ·ȻʵҪ㣬ҪӭСŮĳ˱ˣԾûעԼסĳ˵ĵ·
꣬һǰΪһǾΪһҸΪֶָôһ㡭
֮ǲʲôΪڴԼŮ񡭡
ÿҪ·ﵱ𣿡ȴܲǰǳ˧˵

һӾʹסˣҲʱĬˣǱ뿴ıݣû뵽ƻˡ
꣬ˣһʶģ׷ްİأһаޡ˹ĵʿ׼ȷ˵ŮػʿһһֱϲżСȴ˺ᵶᰮҲǺᵶᰮϲˡء
ڶһеٮٮߣյĹעҲǺܴģмǸػʿŮʿȻʵǷģԲǿࡣ
ȻҲ֪ʵж٣ǿԿ϶һ£ʿԿԽ½ǿֵУֻΪһֱΪʥ۹ػʿԲûȥμ
һһһŮ˾͵ǰ·ʲôÿܲˬ˵ҳԶٷŮ˷ֱ˵š
ԼˬĻҲͬñ˲ˬվм俴ûÿ˼һĸо
ҲΪػʿҲ׶ҲΪԼŮҲ˵ŮػŵŮǰ˵ͷһ־õľ
һ˵̬ǿӰ쵽һ˵ģʱҲһûÿΪһǶ㡣
㿴ǵ˼֪ҪôԼ·Ҫôʹȥ
·˵һ⣬ΣգȻԲ·ߣȿȣǵȻģҪģΪԸ飬Ҫǰ塣
ҳϰɣʵǺġ
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΢΢һЦ˵λӣòҪ·ǰɣѵԼܰҲܰһ¹ȥ𣿡
ͻȻת䣬˸㵽һǰĶٷͻȻɹӵ̬ȣ˭һ˲סˡ
ްģС죬ڳˣȻҲǰꡭ
һ˲䣬ȴˣǰһ壬޵ǰ桭
𾪵ؿǰ㣬û뵽ĲԶԸԼȫûף㷢͹㡣
׼ǲҪ鷳ˣȻǴһ
ְνʿϰ߶ȻνѹŰްνֻ֣γ֮һĽֻС
һֱѹţһֻȥȣֻһֻ֣һҲУֻһֵַֻ޵ץסȻһ

òֹѾʵ
˵֣ȻٲôŪǹãֻʱһС⣬ѧδ
ץýֻ֣׼СĺСĵģԲʧ󡭡

ԲŪһֻ֣
ţܿðƵƷ͵һߣ˳ҲϵƵһԡ
һϵеĶֻڵʯ֮䷢ģõĸͿ㿴Ҳѿ嶯˵֪ôģǶص˴ûмַǿˣҲһ֪ʲô
ֳҲͨˣ󲿷˶ǿԿĶÿԼܷʱ򣬴𰸺һµǡܡ
ȻǾԼһٶȣһҪãȴ޷΢׼ȷ
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˵˵ϣ֣ܲмҲŵ˵˼Ƿᣬúõ·ͿˣҪñٶֲž̹ǡ
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ӣʳ˵УͿʼȫ˵ĿòƳ෽ֱúܸ߹ȻٶȾˣȴȻһֹӵĸо
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ڴûȥ⣬˶ںգԭҪ˼·ΪҪԶΪүƢˣ˲ˬ
ҸֵǣʲôʱλүܽŮػʿһӽȻм͵Ϯĳɷռ˺ܶ࣬ȴɷʵ
ްĻ࿴ԷӶԷ𾪵ζʲôʱǿز
ͬʱС죬Ȼе㾪ȣȴ񲢲ô⣬Ӧ˽һ㡣
ްܿ췴Ӧһ飬ܲ˵ı飬ڻڷİˣҪǶǸء
ҵ찡ûõļһȻһСҲ򲻹˵Ҫǣߣʲôʱܴҵܵܣٿ⺣ڰɡ
뼧С쿴ްҽڣҪ˦ɣҽھҽڣﻹҪǡ
ʱûע⵽ߣʳսް仰һضް˵һ䡪
Ҫ˦ĿӣҲҪñٵƣһҲ͹ˣ㻹ϼСŮʲôǳǽܵסô
ް仰Լ鷳ˣȴܶ಻Ҫ鷳
ްС죬ģĸûпȵ׷ߣһһȺһȺġ


178 Ҫ
ûȤ
ܲ˵ּ͡
ʲôûȤأ鷳ûкô飬ĻشһģûȤ
ˣҲܲµǱ͵ϮǸػʿ鵱Ȼػʿе߳ܣҪ͵ϮԼĿɶСѩѩ衣
ο»֤ʵûʸΪŮػʿް˵ģҶٶܴܵĻʲôʸΪŮػʿʲôʸ񱣻ġ
ֻܻ֣˾Ҫ󣬶ּ̲εľģҪΣֻǶЧ
һȺ˸еȣȴ־úүʲôʱӦ˵ľ׼ȷ˵ʲôʱӦԼǿ˾
ȵǣҲֱ̫˵㣡
ʱްˣ˵һ˸еĻ
ܵܣӦλãͳĵػʿ
ץһŹǣҧһڣȥ֮󣬺ֱӵػصٸûȤ
ҪΪػʿŶûУһһŮػʿûУǽ춼ûС
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һƿƣȻֱӹԼĿУ˹ˣ
ް˴Ŀ㣬Ǳɺ𺳣Ϊȵƿӭơ
ӭ˼壬мž½ҾƣͬʱҲ˵ľƣζҲŨģ־ƾǾ˺һ㶼⣬ϲֱãľƲһӾζ
򵥵˵ӭƵĲϣû˸ֱӺȣֱӽһƿ¾;ûС
ҲΪӭĶأбǳ˴һ֪ӭҪȥֳ˶һۿȵʲô
ˬһƿӭ֮󣬾һֺ˵ţûô̹ʲôƣûУŪƿ

涼ȫû
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ͷΣûУΪүҺ˰ɣһСƿƶѣ˲ˡ治ɫػصһƵļҲûС
ǰɣ˶Уһƿȥˣ㾹ȻûҲ̫ˡ
ܿ죬ҵһƿӭҲһƿֻƿ֮׼ƿҲֻǱãʵһƿҲꡣ
µڶƿӭ֮ʱһѵվţҲƾͳԶʱ˶Ѿľˣүľǿ˵ˣƿԼõˣҲҪˣ˯ʮˡ
ʱްѾߣСҲһ㡭
ܿ죬ҾˣԭСҲǲġ
ιоϣеκˣС죬һȥ˯Ȼͻд鷳һãָоеͷΣԼпҪˡ
ʲôƣȻñǧСƿ
Ǿ仰֮󣬶ɻʲô鷳ǲ³ܡ
СȻҲףͬʱоԼӦĳ֮¶ô˳ӣһȻŮᣬȴ޷ĻĻ֮һֶصϣ޴Ӿܾ
Сַס㣬׼ȥִڼСļϣߴһ¼С졭
С죬һ㣬Ҳȥ
ţСɵӦһȻͼӿŲȥֻȴԸ뼧СȥһѾͷ
С죬㲻Ҫֲʲôˡص뼧Сȥ·һֺܲ˵ûôľͲҪǿںҪͻȥ
Ҳڵ˸ǣ񣬼Ϊ񣬾ʲô¶óȫƺ
ÿһȫ˶һоزÿĻϷ𹥻ϧۣܻὫصɱ
ظеȫһ䣬˺һ
˵ֻڳĻ鵽ҲͽˣΪѾٵ㣬ڳĲһһ˲ˬ㡣
ˣ֮黹ûн֮ҪһҪһʤ˵޷ʤ㣬ǾŮػʿ޽ӹصλãǰ档
ҪսұսָңҲͷս㽫СƿȻǰ棬ʱ˶һˡ
ԼҲ֪Ϊʲô˫ֽ㣬ʵ֤ȷҪκѾʣһִûмַ¾κˡ
޻ȻγԲģлɳˣҲ룬ҪҪû͵ϮĻͲĵκ֡
׼ˣ䵭𣬽˾֮Űޣ˺ֵǣʱûаν˼ڿ潻սʱѵֿȭȥһػʿ
Ȼ֣ȴûж룬ΪʱǶڵˣѵҪ˵ľ
Ҳǵģϣ￪ʼ
Ȼмԭ㣬˵ʹ򣬲ʱ䣬Ҳط
Ҳ֣ôýһҲûж룬Ϊ̫죬ȥӦеĻԼͻᱻʱҲǽʲôƽʱˣҲԼԭ
ʥ̳֣Ҳػʿص㣬дǿҵʥ⣬Ļ˵ֻǺÿһ㣬սûжãҪûƵʱôǳġ
ڰͬʱĽҲѾɨȥӭ㣬һʵĻ˾Ҫն
ôԼϣһȭ

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ڿвţ޸оԼŽеľʵµ֪
ǿ
ǰ޵֪Ҳڳ˵ģţǾͿһ棬Ļ档
ڳڳȭͷÿһΣȭͷܺڰ޵Ľϣ޵Ĺȴһδȭѹš
һʿһʥ۹ŮʿȻ˫ȭѹŴ򣬲һԿԵ¡
ȭͷǧ
ڳһʱ֮ͻȻһȻһпƺֱͨȭ򰢲ޡ
˫սȫĶֱͬӵ㡣
ȭͷԽԽ֮£˭ӵȭͷܿȭͷԷĽӲȭߴȭףû˻
ʱûȭûдȭףҶΪ˱ܣǽȴֱȭͷڽϣ
֡


179 
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ˣ˷Ӧȥ޵ʱ򣬷ְѾûˣؿλóֺԵİݣƣѿԻȥ
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ްҵʿԲˣǵȷ鷳ˡһްΣô˵ҲʿɱˣҪм䣬ҪУ뷢־ò
ҲܹˣǰԼҪģҲ˵ˣ˵ĻǾ˶λóΪػʿڽˣԺµʿµŮػʿ
ް˵ƫ˶仰˼ԣڰ˵仰Ҳȷʵ
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飬Ҳ֤˼СԤС
ȥʲôһû湻˭ٺҽŴһƽ
˭̬û֮ǰ˭һ볡С˶ﰵûԸʵδ֪һ
ҲûЩ˵ķӦ˻ȥϵƿʼͬžƿںȡ

˵Ҫ˵ҪȥôͻȻУ㵽ʲôôܼȾƣ
ûǾһƿ֮󣬻û˵һ仰š
žƿˤڵϣɢ˿
Ⱥ˾ʹ򡭡



һҽеŮĶУСȫ˶Է˭˾͸һȭ
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һƬңްĶɵˣⶼʲô£
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˫֣֮󣬾֪Ǽ󣬾Եļ󡭡
ɣں仰ʱ˶ͬķӦ
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СӴĻǾˣҪԼɰĴܽӴ
ҵ˴ֹȾƣȴȻ˵Ǻܲ׵飬һ
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Ҳ֪ǲǿ˳ǲȭĵӰÿκ֮󶼻һߴţһڽżʣʽȴŵĴȫͬ
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ܹˣ˾ۣ

Źϣױ

ϥײ棡

룬̳Ķ

ɺͣᾴƣ

ӣ

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ᣬȴһƬǽ壬ŵˡ
˿ĻԲʥ۹ĸ߼ᣬһָ߼еĸ߼
᳡棬ֻŮվŵģȫڵϣʩҲƻһɶһеľ㡣
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ڽ֮˶һʶԺô˵ҲҲҪҪ
˵ԼҲ֪ƣβӭƵĻҲᷢ飬֪Լ˾׼뿪ֻǱǸظ£ֱѾ˵İ޵ţҪĻҲᷢˡ
֪˰ɣ첻ҵĴȫǱģлл⣡
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ʲôǸоУûʲôµġһԣһ˯СӣްʱְַŻϣȻŪһ
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ȻҲ˶һ԰װްŮԼôҪ飬һ󣬾ͶܳȥæҲΪ˼ԭ˶û£ҲûпҪ˿š
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˶ȵķ֣ǸҪˣͻȻ˳ȥոް޶㣬ʱһֻ߸߾𣬽ţַ

СӾȻ˯ʱ򷴻ˡ

ڵң˵˶֪һ£ǲҪΪ˯ŵʱ򣬾ͿԳû͵Ϯֻˡ
ŪǾԲҪж⣬һж⣬ͻϽ߷ɣɱĻֱ
ҲԹҪ˲䷢͵ϮǶʧܸա
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ףôˣոҺ˲ҽУСܽ滹һѵ𣿡
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СҲһѧԱ
ţްҲһżС콫ͻȥ֮ްüСʱһŮչˡ
СҲûзԣ
ֻû뵽ʱԵŮȻһϣ죬һȻ˯ҹ


181 ·
ǲǾҺ˧ŲӵļС˵

ĵһ仰仰ֻΪʱļСȻָܷܷŪüë
һеôһĻԾͱһ仰ֻŮûܵĴһߣҲûз
¶ˣôʱѹΪ˯СģϰԿŲŪ˯ŵ㡣
ɵʲôȥŪԵģӺöҶ˯˼죿ʱֻԼӺö֪ԼԲֻ˯һ죬ȻСǾϺȥԼ׼Եġ
㲻ΪС첻ԼŮʲôĿľֱ˵ӦãӦĻ
Ҳˡ
ϻô죬Ѳɱű˸Լϲ飬ϲϲģȻͷǳʱڳ⡣
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ȿȣȻǲֵܳģϢǸҲ˯ʮ죬̶Ѿ˶壬Ѿ˵ٳ߸ͷ粽ˡ
ףˣٵ·أһ𴲾ͷԼϾȻģѵ˳ñ˯Աݵ飿
ʼСȥӦ֪ʲô¡òñ̫˧ˣԳûᡭ
ܰɣ
һߵĸɾ¿㣬ϣȻȥԡϴ裬ԡҲһ׼õĸɾ·
һȻǼС׼ģϰϰߣ֪𴲵ʱһȥϴ裬Ҳϴʱ䣬ȥ׼ԵģһһѾ׼׵ַſڡ
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үȺȵҪȳЩĳθáСڳнеѾ׼һϣҳһ
ţ֪һ䣬ȻˣôûԶҪȺȵʳҲϰ߳ԷǰҪֻʱһ߳ĶһߺԼСŻ
һ߳ʳСһʳȼС꣬ҲϽˣǺСҪʰϴꡣ
Ա֮Ϳʼոɻ飺С죬ҵ·˭ѵģòɣѵڰ𣿡

顭
С֮ײʾ仰ŵˡ
Уôᰵ㣬·ްСѵãǸʱеζںĺ࣬ްСͰӻ·Ұ㻻ӣ㻹ްС˵㡭㲻·ˡС˵⻰ʱþһ㡣
˼СĻѾʼĩΪԼرŶǰһ㣬ΪͻƲεԭŶȻҲŶΪһ㣬ʹǰųĶڿˡ
ĻͱʾԼ˯ʱ򣬻ú࣬һζСЩŮӵȻܵЩһʼްΪǲˣС˵ģ֪ԭǰҲֻûĶࡣ
ǾģҲܲˣްͺ񾭴Ľѹ⣬ϴӡ
ǲ˵ٵ嶼ˣ̴
ǵģǽҲüƽôࡣС˵ԼҲΪǿôˣҲǲġ
˭ǽܣοˣ壬ȻһŮ˸ˣԺôδš
СѾһ仰ˣȥô᲻ǽܣΪ仰̫ˣһ˵Լɴû˵
ǲ֪Ļִо֣Ҷ֪Ц
ţתͷС죬ʵС죬ʵ˵ûпٵ壿
ûУûУСҡͷͷҡþ˹һ
ģ
ģ
ǻãҾͲÿˣ˵һüСԺĻʲôҲÿ
ʵް⣬ûбˣ
мһС㲻С߽ǸʱްСӣ˳ģ֪ʲôСʵػش⻰ҪǱĻһ
飬ô˵Ҳ˵ˣҪ˵
˵ǰɣǺãһȥ
ʲô
үò롭
Ȼȥǵ壡˾ԲҪԿǿҵģҲҪǵġֱӵػش
Сһʱ
үŮһ㣬һý㣬ðɡ
ʲôõģѵ˾ܱŮ˰װ׿ˣܿںػصлᣬһҪ
ްӣǲҲҪȥ
ֵоо
ʰö֮󣬼СҲ񣬶˵ûˣҾȻؼˣԵĶУУҪǧУˣÿ඼л㻹ǳȥɡ
ţʱȥ㲻ػصȥСĵ㡣
ţСеһůѵ˵˵Ļ

ڼСߺ󣬹˼Сʱްһ˹ˣԺ￴飬ϴСеعȥ
㿴ްһᣬȻ˵һ仰ֱްסˡ
ߣݣ·
ǻ


182 ް
·ʲô·ްʵ
ػش·ϵ·
Ϊʲô·Ҫ͸𣿡ްʵԲ뵽Ҫ壬Ϊġ
ȴܸɴ˵ûУҾҪѹ·Ȼ󿴿壬ûб˼
Ŷԭȵȣǡ
˵ʲôСӣ㵨ӴˣȻҲҵϷްָ
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ʲôСӻҷſҲȥްе㣬˵ʲôҲȥ
֣ŲΪѲˡ
ͷ㿴ҵ壬ǾҪҿȥߣȻҪ·
ңް˵
Ǹҵģֻ˵ûôоеԿŮ˻Լһ˿͹ˣֻЩ̬˲ϲŮ˹
鷳ŮˣһԼٶȽް
ˣҷ£ްԾĽеŬţǺ֣Լʲôһ㣬Ȼʹ޷Ļ
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ްھУ˫ţһִֻ㣬㲻ްЩԹǰ
ҪݵʱԺӴһŮŭס֣ˣ̫ˣ˼ҲԸ⣬ΪʲôҪǿ֪һɫɫĶүû뵽㾹Ȼ󵨵̶ȣڹ컯֮ΪλС£
ͣסŲްҲͬʱͣס˶˵ô໰Ů
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ŮӣѾŮˣǰҲǣѾŮˡܲ˵
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ǲǵ¾֪ˡֱ˵
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棬˭뵽ҪĳŮӲϹȴǡ
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˵˶ɫʵҲǸԼҽڣԼĴ˵ı档
㲻ϲԼҽڣֻ֪ҪأɷҪΪΪЩȫεŮˣֵزⷢһº͸߸Ե·Ȼֵز֡
˵ˣЩ¿Բôںססʵ˵ĵһҲһȻܸЩĵŮˣҪԼϲ
Ļ˵ٵĵһҪԼδţȻҲҪһƻŮš
ֻǣЩ飬޷뵽ģͱڡ
ްԵһȻ֪˫ֻĲԴ˹Сӭ졣

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飬ҲֻѧԺУÿѧԺһĶ飬ǻ϶ܵʥѧԺ룬
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ǼŮʧ뿪ʱͻȻһŮе
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ڻȥʱ򣬿һԺŮߵ·һᣬȻһ·ȥ
ιιС㣬·ͬõģôѡ·ȥ
ԴԶԣͬʱ֣ôƺһθˡ


186 Ժİ
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Ϊʲô֪һ£˵㣬Ҳ˵Ǹʵ㡣
ĽǧѰǻʱĻûиҲû˵κϢ
СĽǧѰǵʱе㾪ȣǲǸոչļŮԭѧԺѧԱ


187 ò׵ĸ
СĴţվ﷢ֻΪһֽдż֡
ڱչأɧţ
ڴֵıϣһС֣С죬֪ҪصظϢٱչزҪκεĶֻ谲ܷʲô飬Ҳű١
ֻҪ˶֪ΪдС죬ҲԣֻмСްҲΨһֻмС죬ҲֻǼС졣
չأ⵽ʲô˼Се㲻⣬Ͳڶ֪һ㣬չشžֲָҪ˴ŵǱޡ
˵½ܶҲбչصϰߣȴûһ˳֮Ϊչأֻ˵УǱޡ
ҶѾˣܴŵ㣬ү˵˾ʡֻ㲻ûչˣȻ˵˴ţҲֻˡ
С쿴뵽ԼҪ˴㣬ûֻȥҪˣš
㿴Ļֻ˵һ䣬ɵѾͷ
СҲĴŶȥԶȥ˯ΪԲ˯˵ˣûоôصסأ
סԼСͻҸޣѩõѡ񣬼ᣬе죬Ӧûʵġ
ѩȻᷴԼСסȴ֣С죬ΪʲôôҪʲôչؾȥɣҲû˴ŵģҲصš
һأǿѾաСּУҲǹģֻ뱨
⻹йģˣ˵ǾͲˡֻ㣬㱨ʲôǩԼӲŮ𣿡ѩ˵ú֣ǳ֣ôñʡ
Ҳ֪ǲ⣬ǲܰڵǰһˣֻ뱨ڵС쿴ᵭ˵
ѩ룬˵Ҳ뷨ûľҺ֪ѵΪڵǸãҪһŮʲôֱ𣿡
ѩ⣬ҲǺܶʹС⣬ڵûԼŮÿ춼ȥչǰҪء
⣬С춼شȴشѩ
һӣһֵֺĸоｫֻܶݵʱ䣬ԺпûмĻᣬֻݵʱԼȥչ
Ů˵ĸоʱȷ棬ȻܸоҪ뿪˼
ⲻܣҵүô뿪뿪ҲֻǶʱģʱǻл棬ôûأѩֱӷ˼Сĸо
Ҳ֪ǲ֪ΪʲôҾĸоСЦԼΪʲôôֵĸоһǺǿҵġ
оѣʱģڵһôоǸɶ㡣ѩе˵
㣿࣬һʲôˣʲôϵôеĸоСε˽㵽˭һôˡ
˵һˣҲһˣҶ˽ⲻֻ࣬ΪھаҸɱˣҲ֪ԺһὫܣھнɱˡѩĵ˵ĿǼᶨƵġ
˵˵ȷǺ񣬿˵һһһѧԺʱ򣬾;ºܲ˼飬¼ôȴֲͬһҵˡĺܻɣǸҵˣֻΪĳԭʧɢˡ
Ҫ˽ĻȥѧԺˣмŮѧԱȽ˽˵˻ȥð㣬ȴһϳҲ֪ôϳģҾ͵Ҳϲ
㡭Сڿ߶ͻȻһеµ뷨˵ð˵Ļһж˵ͨˣԼΪʲôоǰͬˣΪʲôоȥ
ں£ʵԼĵ˲пǵҵˣָôȥӦҵı
ʱ򣬼СìܣϣԼڵү㣬ΪĻͱʾѾˣԼһбɧŵĹǡ
ֻǣĻֺ¡
ʱϣˣĺìܣ

ȥˣУһֱڼҲﵽ˸֣߳ޱݳһΣѧԺˣѧԱϲޱŮǡ
һȴ޹ϵΪڼչأҺ޳صض
ʥѧԺǧУ죬˶Ҫ֣ʥ۹ĻӻŮҲֹҵҲȫֹȴȥչЩȥȴȥɵ֪Թ
˽˶֪ȥμûĻҲȥޱݳ˵ȫ˷ʱ飬ȻҪ
͵ΪޱĸڣʱһŮȴȫüûеĸо
ô£ôôҲûг֣ʱ̣ûϲľֵʱ򣬿ǱˣҶеİˡ
ްʲôŮϵһʵ㲻ϲޱôڲרģʲô£
ŮǱˣް˾ˡ
ްӦͻصܵܣˣʲô˵ʲô
ǰҲ֣ôڣҺǰУСҲڣ½ȥʰʦ˻صžϵĻ˵
֮ް˹ȥʰӰе֪ڱչأСڿ
ǣްʹᣬСԺСҲʵĻش
ްŴϵкԼʱˣǿˣȴֺһ档
˼ļ尾֮ȥһľȴ֣ȴȥչأ޷档
ܣ
ôˣѵϲԼĵܵ𣿲ⲻܣ
ףôܻĸ飬һǴһǴ


188 ˻û
󣬼СȻǰһСԺ
ѾʮˣôûгС쿴ᣬ˵
ǰ᲻ˣǲӦýȥްͻȻּСߣüСһ
Դ֮ް֣ûС
ްС㣬˰СҾӦýȥû˵˭ģһʮ춼֡
СΪͽȥˣΪģΪû¡
ʤĵģһĿţǲȥ
ĵѾʤģԽԽƿţҪʱްĳ֣þʹٳһ㡣
ţްͷӦȻܵǰ˺ӵһߣײŽȥʱͻȻͣ˶
ССĵպãⲢҪ㣬Ҫš
ްС㣬ôˣС쿴ްͻȻס壬û˶ͺܲʵ
Լɣްָ˵
С쿴һ£Ͼˡ
ԭ棬һС
֪̲סҪײţԿڵ̺棬ǧҪ󶯾ҲҪСУȻٻ߻ħ
Сҿ̺óԿףȻŽȥ
ˡ
ү

ǾǳĬΪ˿վڿУֻһӳ
һᡭ
ԡС˵
ţ֪ްͷϻ˭֪ôԵ顣
Ӱſʱ򣬾ͳڿУȻ˵ǲǺܾȣ̫ȣֻһȫ׼Ϊ˷ֹ˲֪ʹ˵һ£ҵıչأʮ죬һ££ǲõҵ
УУǲԴԡңǿߣǲҪ죡

ްС㣬ҪȥССްԡңʵ
ȥڲڡްشͬҲСҲһҪһ㱻Լţ˵߻ħ
С΢΢ü˵ҪǽȥȻȾ˵Ҫһ£ڲʮ죬Ҳ̫á
֪ҾͿСĲᷢġްЦ˵ȻոյĶ
ҲֵԸ񣬲ҲҲ̲סҪһۣѾôûпˣѾǼ尾ˣԼԸ϶ѡ
ðɣСһ㡣Сްûа취Ǻܿһ¡
ȵȣү᲻ûд·͵񲻺ðɡ
ԡȻпûд·ģСҲûдԡȷûдκε·
ʲôµģֲûްػصòѾôģ͵ĺ˰ʹ
ҲӦ˵ﻹôһڴȻͬҲϡ
Ҳ˼㻹ްڣҲ˵̫͹ް񾭴ĳ̶ȣով飬ھȻֲˣҪǱ˵ĻԲԡŽ

СӣʲôŰްҪСĴŵʱȴˣҲ档
ϻԡңȻˣ˭ԡ治ŵġ
ѲС㣡ް˵ȻóһСذףҲ֪ģͻȻôˡ
ţͽСذװѳʣϾһ֣κ˶֪Сذ׾Ƿޱȡ
ȵȣްС㣬ðɣƻѧԺĶС
ʲôʱǮѧԺͿˡްܲ˦һ仰Ȼذһذ׶ǼӲֻµ棬úΧתһȦ׷ˡ
ڼذȥʱûзκε죬ɴ˿ɼذһ࣬ëϷıС
ҴСЯĶвĵĽĶֻ飬øذ׵֪
㵽ްҲ㵽

СƿţްȽСԴ̽
ˣްһȻ˽ȥ
ôˣүôˣС̽ŵܽȥ
С쿴ԡУȫԡ֮УⱾӦе캦ߵ飬ȴ˲ˡ
ΪˮУͷҲһˮУԡ׵ˮͷڼעˮԡ˭뵽һ£⡣
ʱ򣬲ûȥϸ룬ΪʲôˮţԡеˮûɺϵĻ˹ġ
ްȥȫԼ·᲻ᱻʪԡбԼ˫֮ϣ̽ĺ
ûУ
ްֲţؿڣ̽
ûУȻûУ
Ҫˣ㲻ҪŽ㣬Ҫް㣬ͷԼĻУͷڿ
ⲻܣүôްĶСҲסˣؿڣȷû
ʱ򣬼С첻֪ްӰ죬Լѹ
ǣŮԡпһʱͬʱ־ϲ鷢ˡ
ʲôٻûûˣʲôôСֵġްĻ
ûˣȻǺǿĻ
ŮһȻϷӦ
ˣүû
Ȼûţһᱻ㿿ްؿ˵û취ڱްţƿС
ˣôˮУҸոûˡްɿ֣ȻԹ˵
Щ£㲻Ҫʣ顣
ΪʲôҾͲܶʣƫҪ֪ްܲ˵˵
㣬ϣû
ȻУ
Ǿ͵ˣʲôԭ㲻ֻ֪Ҫ֪ڵģ˻ûͿԡܲػص
ðɣ˵Ͳ˵ްҲûм˵ģֻҪžͿԣҪġ
ԭ򣬶ް˵ȷҪ


189 
֮ˮУҷˮ˭ѭţΪϢԭ
ˮһĹϢԲȫʹƤȥ֪ԼÿֺɫҺҲǳ̫඾ҩµëŶʵǿ
ˮˮͲŶ̫⣬Ȼǰһʱ䣬ްӡ
չͲ˴ţҲԼ̫ھףϾڱǵĺҲüΪԲŻްû
˵ոǸʱڽҪͷ˾ͿȹԼľ磬ƫƫʱްȴ˽յţһ߻ħ
ľͣӲ˾棬ԼԲҲΪʲôŮڿûгԭ
ʵʱ˵ް䣬ֻǿΪԼ޵ôģҲ֪ΪԼԾû˵
ʱŮƺҲһ顭
㿴żС죬˵С죬㲻Ҫȥü·òᱻүס˰ɡ
СתڲŷӦһ·ûС
ȥ·ʲôҲҪñٿȻپͿˡЦ˵
Ҫ
ң
Сްͬʱеһҡͷһۡ
ΪʲôҪʲôҡ㣬㿴ٵ壬ҪôñٿҪôԺǱٵˡЦ˵ܿСΪԼᣬеһůҲЦ
ûҪؼС˼УСôҲԼİŮԼŮǺ飬źϴŮ顣
һѡһȽϺãˣʱ򻹲Ǳ㿴⣬ԿˡСЦѾڿЦ
ãԺлٿڿȥ·ްҲҳȥ㵹ǲǼˣ࿴Ҳʲô⡣
񾭴ްй֮޲ڹӺŮ˵Ҳһһ㲻Ầֻ߲ǾòƲãúܳԿ
ʲôгԿǵȻǣ·һ˹ǿⲻǳԿôҪҲѹˣǱپȫˡ

ֲûʲôıС㻹ϡްòƺܲм˵һ仰ϵĺȴףֻڼװ
ϡ㻹ҿʲôް·ҲɣʪˣСزüˡͬܲмػص
Сˣֲûް̽еŮòƶںޱҲǣްҲǡ
仰⣬ǺݺݵһۣȻܳԡҡ
㻻ϼСſڵ·ްҲʱ·ûŮ˵·ֻŴš
ڲϣ׼깦֮ʳõʳȻţŮš
ʳ޲һϲڳԷʱ˵ŮҲ֪һԸټԷҲǸоһûгֱ궫֮
ðɣңǽʲô£֮ʵ
û°ǾǵŽѵֻ²𣿡ްû˵
Ŷû¾ͺãǿԻȥˣһҪչһʱ䡣ƽ˵
չأòɣҪ̫Σˣް̴˵СҲһǵĿ㣬Ȼں£Ҫû
ᣬҲ鷢
αչֻҪ徻һ£ģĿǰҪҪʱټ㿴ް˵ʲôͺܼ˵㲻Ҫܣûʲô£ԺҲһˡ
ЦֹͣôˣҪ˵ΣյڵʱƽҲһҪҪЩϼһȫŵԱԼɵġ
ҾҪܣ֮飬ҶҪܣްǰĻͺܲˬˣǾ仰ʱԺԣϾע⵽ˡ
ߣȢӣҲһҪ㣬ҪΪӳСġްΪ˵Ժ˼Ҫֿ飬ȴûָԼʧԺܿܽ
ˣԺԺ˵һʮ쵽ʮ쾲ޣҪٷ飬ǿǲҪҡ㵭˵
Ժ˭Ҳ˵壬ҲֻˣҲһҲֻһµʱ䡣
ҪһҾͿԽˣʱҲˣû뵽ʱԼĹͻ˲Σʱȥˡ
㲻֪⣬ΪͻƶͲᷢԺЩ飬Ҳ롰˵ûжԷĴڣ˵Էֻһ͡
ʮ죬ʮ죬Ͳһ𣿡ްüԽԽԼ뿪㣬ʮ˵һʱ䡣
ʮѾˣˣչؼ£ҲУӦڹǳȻҲչظһصġֱ˵
УҪչصĻҲһչءްȻ˵һЩǽȴ֪ҪչһأôС
һȥչؾһؾޣֲ˫޵ģҪŮʲôֱӵ˵
ߣҲܣҾҪҲްʲô˫ޣֻ˵š
˭㣬С죬λСߣԺҪڴǰϣްֹڡܲ˵
ң
ô˵˵ȥ仰ʵİɡ
ǻʲô


󲻾ãް뼧Сͱ㡰Ϳ͡ȥˣ֮ǰһ£żС죬СʵˣС죬֪֪ѧԺİʦѧ׼ʲôʱȥ
֪Ӧǹ߰ɣУͽˡʲôҪ𣿡СͬСػص˲ްô᲻֪״
û£ãһ鷳һ仰üСе㲻⣬㲻㵽ҪʲôЩʲôϵ
˵ʲôĻʲôҲġްܲˣԼСҪȶöˣϼС죬ĻҲǺͼС˵ǵ档
û£
ߣ



190 ֮
ڱչأУҲǰУ˰£Ļ˵͸ýˡ
չʾնѣҲҪôãҹҲô࣬ƽֲܽʲô˼ء
У֮ѧԺŮҲȥˣ鶼ѾˣĶѾˡ
ҲΪҲʧۣ֮һֱȥԺܾãǶһ֪ʵʥѧԺ棬ԼѧԺǸģʲôһǱˡ
˵ģĴ֪˻ԽԽãЩѧ֪ʱ򻹲ǽʥѧԺַ죬ȥ㣬ʱ벻֪ѡ
ƶĽǧѰ˵С¶ȣ̫ͷʹˡ
Ժ󱻴֪ҲûȥְֻԹ㣬ΪʲôͲԼǰҲܼһ档
СΪõĻ֮Ҳţÿ¿֮Ƿء
뼧СһްҲÿϹÿԺӷһȻȥԼӦ顣
һ죬ްһ𴲣Ȼ˵һ磬ʵҲˣŮϲ̰˯ĴС㣬һ׼ͳţȥѧԺǷѾء
ȥ͵ʱ򣬷ֽÿ˶ڣȻҲÿڼгͣԵıȽ磬ްŮû𴲣Ѿ뿪ˡ
ڻֵ֣ĸףֵܣްүү󲮣嶼ްһý㣬ͬȻý㲻ġ
ްһʱе۾ϣոպ̸۵Ҳͣ
үү󲮣壬簡ҪɣõԵߣǡްȻ˵Ȼ׼ȥõţ̣ͣŮܳԵҲôˡ
ȻҲģЩ˶ˣҪʲô˵Ҵ壬ﶼ׵ˣҲ̫ڿס
԰ɣҲҪ˶ް˵ȻʾԼߡ
ҲзݰһҪȥܲܲްʵ
⼸ÿȥʲôǰҲûôĹÿһͳȥü
ȥܵܰͻȻ˱չǱޣҲ֪ûСްش
ް仰ʱ΢΢üȻ˵㲻ҪûȥǰҲûĸôãԺֻҪ£飬ͲҪȥרԼ顣
ҵܵʲôԵģǰͺܺãֻڱøöѡްеɻе㲻⡣
ʲô𣿲ÿţʱ¡Ϊʲôоϣ׵ĻеŹأԼܵһѵ֪Ǽ
ᣬ֪ĻѾƢˣͽܾܵѵˡ
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˺ˣ˵£ԣһţ̸ް
ţţްӹţ̣ͷû˵ֻ˼
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Ժѩ뿪ʥ۹ȥǾѧްҲǺףΪʲôһʥ۹ĹԼʥѧԺѧôԶȥѧԺ
һΣѩ飬˲֪ĶײʿյϢˣȴûзϡ
Լ޹ص飬ްҲһϲȥܣϲȥо̸ۣȻûס
ǰԷʱ򣬻࣬ǴѧʳԡŮһްһˣСͺܱް
ܵްʶػشȴƻԼո˵ʳԡ
Ѿͷȥܱ˵ǺõģҲҪһ£µķչ᲻ԼйأԺҪˣĻôĵ¡˵ôأ˼ҲѰζ
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ţôް
ѩΪӰмŮˣͬʱҲǵʵϲĹԳΪɷ򣬽ɫȨƽԵãⳡܼҡ̾
֣е㲻Ծô˵ص㣬ûйϵɡް˵ֲǵһΣҲһΣͿüΣʲôоġ
ȻǼӰмŮˣҵȻҪȢš˵
ǾЩүȥμӰʲôȻûжӣôſǺܶģĶӣǺųʥ۹Ϊĸ߽ߡް˵
ڼңһУֵֻһжֵ˶˺ڴ˿˽С
ֻڰԺλøˣѡڼҵ⣬Ҫ
첻ҲǴӱ𷿵λá
ǱϾǼҵģҪǿԽѩȢţʱʱҲһ㡣˵
ǾȢɣްʱ򻹲⣬û뵽ġ
ھ˱ֻе㲻ϣã˵
ǵǣͷްͻȻͣסˣ˵ȥμ֮УԲУ
ްǼ


191 ˽
ΪʲôУް˼˶ܺ棬˸ȴʳʵ
ΪްͻȻͣסˣΪʲôУԼʱҲԼʡ
ΪʲôͲȥμε֮ȥμӲ˵ĻͿȢӰмŮˣҲʥ۹ŮˣŮ˻һóһ
ԼΪʲôҪأ˵𣬶Լ˵ҲһԼĵܵȢôӣӦÿģӦȫ޳ɡ
ΪʲôҪԣΪʲôУ
ްѾֹһԼóһȴֲòϵʵȢŮˣεļʺСҲȥμӡ
Ȣ˽Ժ󣬾ͲԼԼô죿ںţʧȥ㣬Ů˽Լ߶ߡ
Բǽ֮ĸ飬Ҳֻһ㣬󲿷ֶŮ֮ĸ顣
ϲˣΪʲôҸô죿ǽܣǲܵģΪʲôһϲԼĵܵܡ
ްɫʼȻ
Ϊʲô˼ްûлش𣬾ʵ
ûʲôϲôôе㲻һطϢˡްеǳˣ˵֮ȥ˵ĺ˾طˡ
ڲȥˣΪ¿ƲסԼĸ飬Υ׳ĸ飬ԼȥҪʱ侲ϣʱԳ嵭ָ顣
ǣһ˵ʱͻῪʼ˼롪
᲻ҲϲңϣҪȻҾ޷ˣĺҲϲԼ
ްìܣ㲻ӦϲԼȴϲԼ
ΪʲôǽܣΪʲôᷢ飬СΪʲô߷գԼȴڱչǱޡ
ҲһķգΪ㶼ϲңֻϲС졣
ʱް־üСҸҪԼ뼧СԻжá
⼸죬ްԼķûгͬģһЩ߰飬ǵûг嵭еΪ׵ĸ飬Խ԰Ρ
㣬Ҫȥ㣬ȴֲȥ
˼»Ǿᷢģ˼ɲҲ׵ģް⼸Ҳ㲣˿ﶼѾʼ֣ʲô£ȴֲ˵ֻڷﲻš
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裬ǷˣҾȻϲԼĵܵܡ
ް仰˵ڵʱҲסˣôҲһ¡
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ްû˵ǻΪǻ˵ҶףҲͬףûйް˼ֻüЩʲô¡
˵Ҫμ֮˵УΪʲôеʱҲ֪ԼѾˣΪǸҲ֪شֻһǿҵĿܣȢŮˡ
̾һȻ˵ŶŲȥԼƲ飬Ҳϲ㣬ʱҾͳһ׵Ľܣߣǰɡ
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˵ǷǼ£ԼҲôʹ࣬㺦ãΪʲôҪҵ·ΪʲôҪ
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֪ˣȢѩҲáްɬ˵ֻҪȢӣǾܶϾҵͷնҵĸ顣
ްãܷҪԼˡ
ͬʱΪްڿ֮УԲûע⵽˵⻰ʱе㱯ˣеʹࡣ
ע⵽Ļͻ֣ȢϱҪ𣬾ϲһĸ׵ĻȻԼĶӿԳɼңΪʲôҪˣҪʹ࣬Ҳδ̫ˡ
ȢѩΪ˼棬ģʱú侲һ£αԣͲҪȥˡް㷢۰˵
ţްͷҲΪֻȴΪһº⣬Ӧμӱȥ֮λ
Ϥˣ֪㲻ֻһе֮⡭
ã֪ǻȥʱһȥʹġյҪȥμӡѡ֪ͨʱܸɴһڴӦ
ѵǿѩ򣿲ܣϵĻͲὫѩļ䳾⣬ԼĴڡ
ǵʲôԭӦ˸ɴ࣬ԸӦǾܾŶԣ˵ֻһ鷳Ļ
ʱ˽ߵˡҵ֮˵һ仰ñϵļСеԻ
μ֮˽ʲôʲôߵ飿
ף
֮Уһ˵ŻأϻԹ˼
׼ô죿ʵ
ĬһᣬȻ󿪿ڵһԭļƻС
Ͳް𣿡üе㵣ĵ˵
Ϊô죬ǲܵģ
̾һаĺӡ

һ׼ȻʹżСǰʹ֮ĵһ죬ͨ׵˵ѡ˲μӺѡһ졣
ΪʲôҪСǰɺܼ򵥣ΪСҪţ˵ûмĳ棬Ӧúܺ档
ҲܸɴĴһȥ˾·ȥʹ
ʱѩɫСһֱļϣǰЩΪչأڸҪôҲԸ뿪ļ



192 Ⱥ
ʥ۹Ļʹ½ĽȺȻϽǲһ㣬˶ˡ
ʹˣžȻˣĸţСžˣĸΪŵľǶš
˶ģϣҪԸţ
ƽʱֻдӦ˵ģʱ˿̣֮ǰȴ֣ۼ˲ٵˣҲʱϻһλ壬ꡣ
ԭڳĸλ֪ǡѡ˶ɵģЩ󲿷ֶǹμӡģҲһСǿֻ˹ġ
˭ʱ򣬶ܶɾжɣɶǡҪǧһģҲҪһǧ
ҲǺܸ߼ģҲ٣ȥףһ㣬¡һôء
ɣһطҲùģطڵĵط˵ҵ˲þԤѡͿԽȥΪû˸˵ҵ˲ʸ񣬵ȴƻأһаչذ¡
Ҫϯ֮ЩѾʼùˣҳֵԱе˸ǸɴĻȥ
ҵĳ֣ɳ˭һȺȴǺɳǿѡ֣Ҳ֮ǰް˵ģǸĶӡ
ҵ⣬ôμ˿ҵԱϾߵˣߵȴҲһ֪
⣬һܳˣ似ǿҲ˧һͿ֮˧ˣ֪ǶٹСˣ֪Ů׷Ǻܿϧȴмһˡ
ݴֻǾݴԼҵĳŮݲ²⣬ֻǲ²⣬ҶŮӦġ
εĳ֣ôҾú⣬ȴҲ֮УĴ壬ܳˣĻܿҪΪģȢԼŮˡ
οѾˣ⣬Ƕѩ֮λˡܶ˶ҾңǱ޷ġ
ֻǴĽҵͬʱȴ֪ҵӪУȴһյ顪
˵үѾˣ·ҲûпӰŸոü˵
ǵģүѾˣӸ˵֪ϺͼСһ뿪ģȥͲ֪ˡش
Ƿĸǽʹ𣿡ʵǰ֪ͨǸ
ǵģǼСҲڳش
ã֪ˡ˼ˣСҲǵãǺϸĵģôҪ顣
ֻǣ˶֣⼧Сô˻ѵʲôصһ
ʱ˾Ϳһ¶ϲɫް֪Լ˻Լʹ࣬ȴҪŮ
ˣЩ˵СôӦôɴ࣬ԭûҵļ˶ͬʱ뵽Ϊǲˡ
Ҳֻܹǲ˽㣬˵Ӧ飬ûвȥеȻųֱмıɷֵġ
˽Ҳ֪Ǻ׼ʱģٵҲû絽ϰߣ£ʱոպøϡ
ҪȥʱްͻȻסˣǱеϲɫֱȻǳֻΪԶһһŮ
ܿ죬ҶԶǶŮһʱҶеȡ
ˣΪʲôҲֵ𣿲ԣЩ˵ΣոպڵֵĻҪΪʲô¶ȴı顣
ֻһǾǰˣҲǹμ֮ģɳƺǶѩڱصˡ
඼ûгֵҶ٣һ־ͷƷһҴүȥӮѩķ𣿺ǲܵġ
˶ĳ֣Ϊڣͱúˡ
ʱ򲻹ܴҶôҶ˵ĸое㲻ͬˣڣ뼧С·ϸ˵ĸоȻУͬʱҲһֺµĸо
ϣȻĸоǲǸоˣоߵǸŮģ˶ʵ
ˣ˵üɣ㿴˶ţøոȥСԣȻҪˡ㵽ﶫǰĵһ䣬ǶԼС˵ڸոմҶעԶ仰
˼ԣ·ϼСߴٹ㣬ȴȻһȥСԡ
ҵ찡ʲôʱˣ㻹Сԣ˶ﺰ
ֻ֪ԣΪʲôҪ·ǲȥ𣿻УոȥˣΪʲô·ûп㡣ްߺһЩ飬ֱһ
·ã壬ʿֿԹԼϲĵطҪǻԳС·òƲػص
ԭǳС·ֲÿˣҵȻˡ
СһװŵľոȥСԣͬʱҲﰵЦҲ֪ո˭·˵Ҫͺˣ·
ûҪ··ô·ûôƽʱģ𣿡ްֱӵ˵СҲǣ㲻ŮˣҲһ¡
ڳ˶ǡ߼ӡиߵ㲽УͨķΣЩ˶ԣѾͷҲûֵ֣Ƕ˰
˵ˣǲҵġСԩ˵
ôҵ˾ϲ··ⶫǴҪģô˧ˣؤװҲǺȺܲ⣬Ҳ˵
ȺҿǼȺŲ࡭
ްҪ˵㼸ʱѾˣǲҪˣϾͽȥˣ±־ͽȥһֻܴһԱ鼶ԼģǾ͵ǡ
ţ֪ˡͷеġ
ûлشֻǶżС˵С죬㿴Щô˹԰ڵˣʲôãֻܴһԽݵˣ˾Խ١
仰Ще죬޲Ҹطȥ
㻹иı֡
С죬ҵһȥֻܴһԱ
˭𣿡ްɻʵҺʺϵС
㻹С죬Ҵ

˶СԴò˵С衭


193 㻹ǵң
С裬һˣһܵͬ飬С赱һԱǺģҲԭġ
ֻڱ˵ͱúܹŹˣʲô˰һֻСǴһˣϵŮѾͷҲҪˡ
ȻԣҲԴСȥ˵ġްе˵
УҾԲŮȥܸɴؾܾ
Ϊʲôް뼧С춼ɻˣΪʲôܴŮȥ
ްû׹ҲǣĴСû˸ġްŭӣ˵мȥ׵ʱ򣬴һŮ˹ȥС컹ôģѹ𣿡
״һŮǸԼҲЩ˻в
ɨһڳˣÿ˶ܴ仰ʱ˶еһΡ
СĻ֮΢΢һ죬ۣǵһο
˵Ҳǣο㣬Ҳﲻ㣬С죬һ߰ɡްͷͬĻžżСҵһȥ
Сͷ㣬Ȼһ𣬵Ҳްߣʹ׼һ߹ۿ
һἧСͻȻ֮̾
תͷȥͿԭްֱеˣôˣСǺ棬ȴûȥʣⲻʵ顣
ްߵʱ飬һ뿪Щ飬ˣѹ
ްı֣üͷϳֵ֮ɫ

⣬ˡʼˣҵǰ棬ҲǵȻģû˻Ƿں档
ãõȡȻ߽ȥƵģź˳Լ
ʲôû֮ǰҲܿʼЩ첽ԣߵ˺ǲм
˼ҿҲпĵһͿѩ࿴һᣬҲлᱻҲ˵
ûбֵģлȥŵʮ֮Ǹ˵ʵû߶ԶõҲǺ顣
仰Ե֪˶лȥģҲǣ˶ԽȥǾͲǹѡˡ
Щ˱ʱ򣬾רŵȥɸѡ˵й嶼ԱҲҪңλ
ͨĹ壬ܺãҲһл룬෴ģҵλȻģҲһԽȥھһܺõĴ
󿴵Ļѩ˼ȥ˭кôģˡ
⣬˶Ʒѧţײۺˣ˵ǽܳļϣһеࡣ
ΪʹЩܳȻ˴ţÿ˶һе̴ӣǸʹ̴ӣھүҲ̫˰ɣ˾Ҳز
Ǹ̴Ӹով̫еʱȴ㾹Ȼܵϻ԰УһСоš

Ʒôöûҵ쾹ȻõطҵˣĲ㱧Сԣһҵӣ˷쳣
ı֣ӿ˽ŲСôҵˣ˰
˹ӣǻȽȥɣҪ̴ѵⶼʲô˰λõģСԵġ
£²£ѡֻǴҪġܲ˵

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˶ţĳҲҵһܺõĽͣΨȴôģΪĳֻҪסһľٶֻΪβų֡
˹ӣ㻹ȷ£ʱʻҪɡ̴ӿƺߵ˼ͳԵ
ھҪûʵôȷǲҪߡһǿɣȻ˳ĴСߡ
̴ҲûٳˣΪʵҲˣҪŰɡ
ЩҪȥĵطǻʹһ㳡ҪҪ߼·ǵطĻ
·оˣѾǰ˴һ·
һأ
أСôֲˣ
ҾӦøү
˵ʱ򣬺ܶ˶ĳ˲Уֱãſĳ˱һԣƵ߽
ԣģߵ˶ں棬ոûпﱧŶ
߽ʱ򣬻һ£ѩȻ׼ȷ˵ѩ򣬶ѩߵˣʥ۹Ļʵۡ
Ҳ֪ŻʵۣΪ֣ҪеԸѩֻôѿһҲۣҲõó֡
ãμ棬Ҫһ£ʥ۹Ļʵֱ˵ֹ
飬ȻҪò
ãμ棿Һֹһˡʵ˵˵ûСʧʧˡ
ʵȴɫ糣΢Ц˵ʲô£ҪȢѩĻǾͿԼˣҶԴΪ
˵ˣҾ׼趫ҾͿˡ˵ĻоֻҪⶫҪѩ˼
ѩֵʱ򣬾һֱڿǸоˣΪʲô˻ĸоǰֻǸУΪʲôУ
ѩףǾ䡰˵ˡȫϵĻеһʹ
㣡㲻ˣѩͻȻ˵һ𾪵Ļûод㡣
ͣһ£Ȼѩ򣬺Ǻ棬ôô϶Լ㣬ѵǼѾָ
ѩǲϴˡʱޱ֪ð˳ɻ˵
һ㣬ֻܸĸо˲ܻСѩҡͷһֱһǰ˾㣬ʲôˡ
㿴ѩü㻹ǵң


194 
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ٵĴȻά겻ǲ˹첻һ㻹Ϊѩָһļ䣬Ҫ鷳ҲһˣڶһҲһġ
ݵı¶Ĵ鷳ԻȾѩĴ󣬾ѩʵۻм
ӵһο㣬ҲΪʲôΪʲôÿοﶼǺܣҾӦʶȴ벻ʲôط㡣ѩ˵
㿴ѩеɻ󣬵ܿͨˣԭѩ򲢲ʲôһָо
оⶫʵ̫ˣǵˣȴĸоûȥ˵ʲôΪٴ֪ʶٷḻҲ벻ס
оʱǴġ㵭ػصȻȥѩ򣬼ȻǲǾֱˡ
ϣ㻹ûлشҵ⣬ⶫʵ
ʵ۴һᣬڵ£ƺĿǰҪ顣
Ҫȥνʵ۶еС趫ȫ⣬ⶫҪж٣ȻԼΪġ
лϣлһ֮󣬾תҵ˵ٲˣвգǱٵ֡

仰˵֮涼ʼȻˣ˭û뵽˸ɴ˵Լǣĳϣ㲻ǣһ˶ȥ
ȴԸ⡣
ˣ㲻Ҫ˵㲻ʲô㣬ҲҪ֣ʧ֮ǰݵ˾һ꣬еҡüеϧ֮⡣
Ҫ˵ʲôؼ֣Ҳϣʲô˵ްֵ
˵ôˣǻȻǱҲȥ鷳ͱá
ް仰־пʧ䣬µġ
㣬㣬ѩʲôʱģޱ㣬һʱֲ֮ǰ˵˭ֲ˵ʲôԹԵؾʳ⣬Ҳʵģѩڳѩйصġ
ĻûУֻҵĳˡ룬һ죬Լѩûм档
Ļ쵰ˣ㻹Ҫðѩͼˣֻ֪ǵǶΣΪǲһ˵ûʶޱָŭ
ߣţһߣתȥ
ʲôʱˣѵ˵
ʱ밬ޱϵõֻһѩǲ˵Ǹ밬ޱһεŮпѩ
ˣ
㰵鷳ˣǽѩԼļ䶼ȴ֪֮ǰѩԼͰޱһʮңѩһ벻£ֻҪº밬ޱһ̸ĻϾͻ֪Լֽš
ϣһ㣬Լ˽֮ǰҪ֦ڡ
ѩʱʰޱԼ֮ǰʲôʱ㡣
ˣԭֻһᣬȿʼ⡭ʵۿȻΪǼˣȻô᲻֪Լѩʲôʱ棬ֻһ֮ǰֻ֪еģеĲԼľռ鱨
˽֪ѩ۰Ůʮѧڻǣĸλֻܶ˵ټڼˣǲ봫˵һʥ۹Ů
ҲԿˣŮҪǼ˵ģѡԼʱ˭Զ䷼ĵĻͿԳΪɷ򣬵۹Ȼ첢˵һѡһмûһĻǾͶԲλˡ
ʵ˵ЩʱȫһʵۣһͨĸףҲҲ˵½Ļʵûмӣǿ۹ĻʵۣҲǿԺеģЩ߸ϰڼӵĻʵȫͬ
ͬʱӻʵ۵ЩпԵ֪һ˵ѡǲһҪѡһһжҪѩ˼
Ϊ˿ѩ˽һ㣬»ѩһЩС飬ϣ˿ѩ⣬ҲҪŮʵ˵
ѩ򣬵ˡʵ۵仰ѩʱ⣬ĿǰҪĻ˳׵˼ʼⳡ뿪ʼġѡ
ֻ޵Ļпܵõλļ̳Ȩʥ۹ҲǿŮʵģֻŮҪûг޵ĻŮʸ
޲飬ĺӣռӰеģҲһҪռӰС
ȻֵĴٺ٣ϻǻӼ̳лλ
ڻʵ۶ѩĳ谮ЩӸоһΣգԾûʵ۰ѩ޳ȥ
û뵽㿪ôԶȻҪȥѩип֮ôԶҪ㿪⹬֮͢ս
ʱҲȥţҸ˼ҼˣͲЩĵ顣
ֻ֮ٻ󣬶ȨûУȻɷĻǿȨġ
ҵĿܼ򵥣£ģգ䣡ѩ߹涼
ģָģһŮҵģǷԸҹһǷʲôĶһضˣľͲ˵ˡ
գǲգΪ˿ǷŶգ°ޱ⿼ңɵòǲɵģҲѡһóģΡ
䣬Ǿʣºϸˣдһ£ĸŮϣԼԼ޸һԱԼˣҲ⡣
ѩ˿ڳЩˣ˵ı۵ףȻ˵£Դ˵Ӧúܼ򵥰ɡ
ѩ˵£ȷǺܼ򵥣ôҶе⣬ֻ漴ȴ뵽ʵҲ򵥣򵥵ľǵһ£ģǺ˵ʱԺܼ򵥣ʱȴҲԺܸӡ
ԼģʵҶֺ֪αضһ١
һ飬Ϊѩ´ֻҪ飬ſ飬һһ齻ĳڴǰŴҡ˵
򵥣ϲȿʼɣҲϲȴ˵ֻòڽѩĻһһ˵ġ
Ŀ㡣
Ҳģ˾˴˿ŶԷ
Ѿʼ𣿼ȻһòЩ׼


195 Сû
͵ΪѾʼΪѾԣڴŽʱ֪Ҷٵһʲô飬Ｘ˶ܺ棬ҵЩˣް
ǺܲңǵԸעʵֲ˵ģΪ㡪
ιһ˸ٲԣŮ˵㿴һģȻͶѩ˵
˶һ£һΪֶԹŮҲƽ˵е߰⻹ҪģȻ˵Ů˵ѵŮ
Һãû˵ŮˡްʱҵĻ˵˸ееԻ
ܵ˵ģ֮ǰŮް͵
ôأʵ
ʱҲʼ˵ˣҲȷ˵ʡ
˼ѩҲ˽вԣȫҵħҵĻҲҽ齻
ôѩû˵˿ħġ
ҲҲ֪ҲħҪҸ࣬ԲֻҴûħεػص
ѩһᣬȻ˵ǽˣͨһ
ͨˣãǼˡȻĵѩĻˡ
˵꣬Ҳ˵ķӦߵϢ£о̱ԣȥҵλãҲ˾λүûˣӹȻԼˡ
Դˣ˵Ҳ⣬㣬ްȴͬˣżСɱ˹ȥ
ȥ֮ĵĲԾʽʼˣ˶˳ĽнϵĽ
ħһ֣ȴҪԷſ飬ԷŲֻſһ㣬ҲͲܿǿһ㡣
ȻҲǿȥҪĺܴħǺܿеԷķһȽΣյ飬ʱȫҪһоͿԷԸ
ҲΪڳЩүſĳ̶Ҳǳһ֪飬Ҳǻ١
˵ƽҲ˵ûа취ȥ˵飬෴׵ľͿ֪Ƿ񶯻
ſԽ٣ͱʾԽǲĻὫнĸоѩľĳӾѩԼˡ
߽ŲԵʱÿ˶עڳУ߾ͳһСأûȥܣˡ
ʲô˼ѵİԼ𣿡ްµĵһ䣬ֱӡ
ܿɰϲȴұٶۣ񾭴ΪһĵܵܣܵбôӢСеԣضް˵ѾԾֻԼԸȥϣһΪ᲻֪ǲĶĸ׶ԼӵĸоһʱԺʱôˣܲԾˡ
˵һ˲òϵʵ˵ȷǷĲԾҲɹ㲻ˣȴȥϣΪ㲻ˣȥˣ׶༪ˡ
ʱ˾֪࣬ȴȥ񣬲ȥϡ
ܣ㲻ˣȥˣϴεİ¼֮һֱû뿪ôһٵǽסްҡͷ˵
С˵㱿һıѵͲֻ֪ҪﵽĿģüٵҲһԲɰƱԽµһƭ֣ͷβƭġҪǱ˵ĻȥͣͬʱҲ˵˵ֻǡᣬײϵġ
ʵҪĻ¾Ͳƭ֣ʵİܣ˹ҵġ
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С˵Ȼƽǲеĵǡ
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ԽԽҪ顣
ǰޱŮ˱Ǹʱѩ򶼴ñӣ۾ѹԭô֪˭⣬ͱʾŮ˺һСûԡеػص
ްĬˡ
һߣѩ밬ޱҲ̸£ʱѩʱ밬ޱ˽ġ
ʲôҸһʮ죿Ϊʲôһ᲻ǵãΪʲôҼǲֻǵҺһιǣҲǵŵΡѩʵȫһӰ춼ûС
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Ϊ飬˱仯ٶԴ˱̬ȡ
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ޱ˵˵쵰㻹͵ʼȣ󣬵ʱͲ

ûٵȷģֻǱ㣬ûȤ˵ˣشһξ㹻ˣʼŵ棬ȥԡ
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ߣƣÿޱߵҵﱾС٣֪ôд
ʲô˭ȿʼޱͻȻǰһ˾ɵһڷе
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ޱûע⵽ԼոĶԻǶôĺ䶯ģ쵰Ůˣ˿Ĭ⻰òƲӦôӰޱ֣ȫͬˡ
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˭˭֮󣬰ޱָһط׼еŵ
һЦ˵һȥѣѾǱˣˣ㻹Ҫһ߳裬ҪĸΣ
ǹӴסˣǻᣬһߴӣһ߳裬òû˿ʵְɡ
ͣޱСøЦȻһߴһ߳衣СЦ
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ͬʱ˵Ҳһǣ뽫˸˶һϣ˿վԡ
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˹ӣкδͽ̣ǹӿĳе˷ܣٻһԸ˵ġ
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ҪǮҿԸ㣬Ҳ¶ˡްС˵ǰ˲ܵܣһѾϲˣȻԼϲ˾ö˵顣
һҲҪŮ˵Ǯڶʲô˵ģҪģҪ۲ܵõǽףֻҪ˫Ը⣬һ˵ȷ˵㣬һįС壬ǴƸػصȻ⻰ֻ˵ްģ󣬾ֻް뼧Сõ仰
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ڽӹƱ֮󣬾˵һߴѣһ߳裬ʵܼ򵥣ֻҪһᣬٳһͺãΪŮ˴ŵӵͬʱ裬ҲԾܾԼóĲգ֮ǰѩѾ˵ĺ
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197 
ޱĲԻڼΪѾʼ˾ԶԴޱҲСģһԼ˵ʱ򣬾ͻԼҪݲܡ
Ȼ˿·֮󣬺˾ͻоһ㣬ˣֻΪʲôҪڵһ
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ֻǣشѩ֪м漰һЩ˽˵ĶҲҪ֪ѩҪȣαԹȥȻ

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ʲôô죿ŪԣʲôҪĶھͻ˼Сһ䡣
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ˣкöˣŪһ֮󣬾˵һ˺ܲĻ
趫ǿԳԵ
У㵷ôãԭֻΪ˳Եģʲô˰
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ڷˮٲҪˮԴǵ˵
㲻ҪˣҾԲ㳪裬ҪĻֱͨޱ˵

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198 ٸ˫
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밬ޱһѩʱҲûоѩϱûеħųе㣬ؿš
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ֲ˵һᷢ˷İޱ૵֮ûж˿ԲģȻǰĽ
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ޱ˵⻰ʱе죬òǺߡ
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Ҿ֪ش𣡡ޱҲû⣬ֻǿ˵㣬ʵںܻɣ㵽ǲ㣬Ǹô㡣
Ų㣬Ҳȥȷɻ󡣡˵Ȼ׼ȥϢ
ʱ򣬰ޱվһ˶ĿɿڴΪΪñڹƵˣͣˣ
ֱӰޱץ֣ȻԼؿڡ
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СҲ̫СҲҪԺģֻҪԺþͿԣ㻹㲻Ҳһ䡣
𣿡ޱ˷ܵ
ʱ㻹ش𡭡
ȿȣ˰ɣӳɺͳʵҲ̲סˣȻ£ҲҪǰҵġ
СӵȢŮģ밬ޱȵģӦ˵ȢӦ˵Ȣ
뷨˶һ룬ոյ֮󣬴Ҷص⣬֮λģСѩ棬밬ޱңĶס
ޱһȻַ̽ſòո˳ϣڳЩˣֻȥȷϡ
ޱһۣԹ˵㣬˼ܡ
ŰޱͷػصѩϣȻҲ֪
޹ڰ֣ܹԼҪ㡭


199 ĸо
ޱôôȥԡѩ˵⻰еͬʱһʼɣһĴ⣬ֻⲢûб
Ǹʱ˼ˣãٸĸоޱػص͸ûвѩĴ⡣
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Ҳѩ֪ϵû˻ᴫȥڳ˶һ۷ʲô¶һ˵ȥΪԼûкô

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룬ްϲ㣬һùȴΪš
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ʣµĹӶһԴӣΨһľ㡪
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ɨһˣȻܲм˵Լɣ뱾棬ʸĻ࣬Ȼȱʵһ㣬ʸǹˡ
˵ĺܿøոĹһ࣬һͺݺݵؿһ㣬ǻ
Ǳ˵ĻһϹս㣬ҵˣҲҵͷôȥɱ
ֵǣ֮ˣȻҲȥ㣬ȥһȽģ㵱еһ
ˣȻܾܾû˻ʱȥܾ˵ıԣڻʵڹǰʾ𣬵Ȼνˡ
Ȼ֣Ҳûȥںһˡ
ʵǹ㣬ҲȷֳʤԼȣ˵һ仰
úԣ˭Ӯұ٣Ǽʶһʲôˣ

˵Ǹȫ˶֣ͬǣչʾһʵǸȴûжչʾֱӻܶ֡
֮Ŀֻһ
ˣˣ


200 һкͨĽ
ţˮǹƷҧһϢϵһˮ޵
ʼ׼ĶвĵĻǹƷ
ڸոձڱԵʱоеͿʼϵĶ˳ιιС裬Сôɣֵý

С裬ҶãŹƷιԡ
ߣֲǷ׼ֻǷ˳õġ

λ֪ʲôԭս㣬ԣ׼ȷ˵˵ĹӣŭǺģ۾һֱ㣬ɱ˵Ļ˼ٴΡ
үСе
ʲô𣿡ˮ֮󣬾ʵ
ԵҪ󡣡Сش
Ҹոôû˽ҡһ䣬ȻּŹƷˮģǺܷḻģ伢ûġ
ˣ
ţȫ˵ŭ
ҸоҲˣްܵӰ죬ҲһˮڳţһҲ˾۹⡣
ڱ˵УܲܣһһҲ
СҲеѾ⣬᲻ǽܣȻôô񣬷ǵԸҲô
Ժܴ󣬼Сˡ
ܲǼС죬˭ްǽܣҲкŨѪԵϵ˵֪㲻ˣҲһỳɣĲǽ
ȷΪеǣްŮλã֪㲻Լĵ֮ܵǿģȻǵǣһԼ֪ĵܵô죬ȥ£ްȫԴû⣬ֻڿģ񾭴˾εĵز
ˣǸˣ͸վǺúñһλӱͺܺˣֱһ֮ĺŨ
ˣٲǣ㲻ҪѶ˵ĺתƵϡ㲻ػص
ҲҲãǸʲôҲãڼȻˣǾͰѩĹأչʾһʵѵû𣿡ǹ˵ﻹǰ㵱ˣֻһʧȥ䣬ΪԼ˵ˡ
չʵ룬˵
ҲУ
ܶ˶Ϊոܾû뵽˵֡
֪˭𣬾ӦӦüܾް˵
˭ñٴһҪģµʱò񫡣ȫԷ˭еʱʲôʱʹ˭ʲôݡ
Ǽ˾ʹһΣˬٴһΡ
ȵȣҪСһ㣬Ǽһ֡
øʲôܲ˵ֻ֪ʲôܣôҵӦ
֪֪ˣҪʤ˲ŻȥãĲʤҪУʤͬĸ
ҪͻԼľ磬õİ취ұԼʵߵȥʧҲνģʱʧҪʤ˵õ飬Ȼǰ㲻ᱻ˸ɵ
㣬֪γƺϳ֮󣬾ͺһˣٲȻһһֵӡ
㣬þ͵㣬˪Ӱǵáǹӿ˵еĳ޲Զ
ʲô飬ǰλӶôޣˣһŪõĸ飬ʼ
飬ȫһӣͲ£ʲôֱӵҡҡͷصǵãһΣҲˣųҴĻֻٳȻ޿˵ûģûмɵıģҲûļܣ㻹侲һ˵
еģӲӲģִ򷨣һ㼼ҲûСܲм뵽ֻһƺˣںܶʱ򣬶ֱӲӲ򵥡
ûмֲã˾ǼмõûмĶҲһּ
ллѣҵǹ侲˵
Ǻ˪ӣˣȻİγⴹţ˫Ŀȴעλӡ
һʼܸо˲ӸոһδҴҶʵУ˿ʲôܾ鼫ḻָôܲá
ʮĹӣ棬ĹӣȻͬʵĿǰ˵Ķûмܺȵġ
ˣһսҲǶŴôһսҲôɴӦԭ
ߣװպҶǹӣҲǺҶ˵
㲻ˣҲֱӵʳеʣòǽк˪Ӱ
պ˪ӰҶ˵ҲԿóá
ֵ֣˼ˣϻҪ˵ˣʼɡ˵һ󣬾ϱǰȥ
ɲװȱ˹Ȼٷһ˵óʱͳ֣
ܾҪҪȵû֣Ǿ޵ģԣӦ˵ܣʱ޵ĻᶼûУ
죬ܿ죡
ڵ뷨ӿʼƶڣֻһգ۵Ĺ򣬵ȴѾҶǰ˸ոտʮҡ
ҶǰܲĴбһòС֡һֿƼȴʽ
ҶԴ˴ΪԾ¶Եľ죬û˶ٶۣǺѸٵӦȥʱôסһõİ취ˡ
ĳλ˵˿˵Ϳ޵ˣǼȻǣ;Բһ˿ġ
Ǹ˵ͱȽ׵Ķ࣬Բ˼ǶȳУǾһ޷ȥֵ
ȻϵĹ۵㣬ֻĳλĸ˹۵㣬㲻Ҳ֪ȴԭǽ˶֪ʽõȴ١
Ǿ仰ʽֻ֪ͨҪãõǡһԳΪ֣
һпƺͨʽһнҶˣһһļǺš
һҶԼؿ΢΢һʹһĸоԭԼûȫܿǱ˵ˡ
Ҷؿڵ·һĿӣѪ΢΢



201 һƮƮƷ
˶ˣû뵽˵ʵû뵽⿴ͨһУһʼ˵Ҷ
˵Ҷһͨ˻˵ÿ˶֪Ҷǵ۹һǰʮĸ֣ʥ۹ǰʮֻһҲǲСġ
ڳûһΪԼһ־Ϳ˵Ҷһ̫ͻȻ̫죬Ҳһ˵
ڳĸ֣Կó˵ҶҪԭһĽǶٶȡ
һҲֻ˵Ҷ˿ںǳûжԺҶɶӰ죬ֻҪɱҶĻһֻ֮Ҫٽ׷ѹƾͿռϷ磬̵ʱɱ
㲢ҪɱֻУ
ͣסΣջؽվﵭ˵׼ã
Զȵôͣϲˡ
ް˫۷ԽԽеԼϲ޷԰ΣҲܻ˵Ŀϲϲαڵġ
֮£СͱȽһ㣬ֻ˫۶㣬Ҳһ˺ް˶١
㣬쵰ôʲôûҿޱվŭֻ뵽㵱ʱ򣬺ǲȻû˵ȴܸɴĻ
ˣоܲˬ
ҪӮȲǣûѩ˵ֻҪҵʵˮƽ㲻ػص
ߣޱһһҺܲ˵ӡ
ޱͲҪˣҲûֻϮضѡѩڰޱĶг˵ЦζֻЦлһ㵭ǳѩҲ֪˸֪ġ
ѩһڽкţΪʲôһʧȥһļ䣬ǱӦűȰޱãļ䡣
⣬ҪþȫˡҶ˵ʱǰǵ˺ۿʼֹסѪոʲôǺȻֹסѪ
еһ棬һǷˣȻôܲ˿ھͿʼֹѪѵĶã
ãʹһ㣡
ںҶĻָֻһۣʹһ㡣
ܺãܲǾɡ΢Ц֮ͬйѾһϰߣ˵ҲѾ׼ˡ
úãҶһ׼㣬ԲٴαĴֲֻĽƹ⣬ϵħʯеġ
ϵħʯһ㶼͵ӵУȻϵħķǿǿ̩ɽѹǧ֮
ҶڵĽѾһԪأҲˣǴһһ㣬͵ߣٶԿһ㣬㷽Ҫһ㣬뺮ҶĻʹһʱ㲻ҲԪȥֵ
ոյոĻͲᱻһ˵
ҶĽסĽ㲢ûоʹ˿ǽúҶһ֧ţһԾԽΪķתҶ棬Ȼ󷽣˫ȺݺݵءȡһºҶĺԡ
תǬ
òһǻƴ¼ܳõʽ
ȻһȫǸݰƵԭ˾һȦ
ڵһ֮Ȼ˺Ҷ󣬽ŵ֮ԾأûаͣڿתնҶ
ն
ҶһţͷеΣҲǰ˼û˶ûжħԼһǽ
ֻǱϾһ㣬Ľն˻ûг͵ǽնϡ
ҶоԼһʹͬʱ˳ʹһߣת㡣
һεĻնȻɹնںҶϣȴ˺ܶ࣬ǽȻûгͣҲһϺҶϵԪףһǿǿǱˡ
֮˵ǿǿΪҶһ֮ҲܣǼӲԪױնѣҲܵûУȴһĵʹ
һжһ˲ģʱȫ˶һı飬ţ۾š
˵ˣھţҶô˵ʵѵһֱŬҲ̫˰ɡ
ʱ䣬ȻܴһǴĶүɿԽʮܳꡪִĺ޷ģòƻһүֻǱһʵĶү
֮ܶʵģ⣡
һ̣ͣˣûм׷
ǿ֮ͻƣֵءȻˣһҪΪָҶ˵һ㾴أѿָֻˣҿʼǿ
˵ҲˣҪֹȥֻҪúõĴһƽ˵ȴһΪ
С죬ﱾŽ㽫ջʣȻӸС졣
ҶһȻŭʵʲô˼
ãǿҪ˵˶Ϊ
΢΢һЦ˿ûбĵظоԸͬĶ֣Ҫòͬİ취ԸĶ֣Ҫýá
УҪΪٲýľ׶Ը㱾ǿĲǽƷܶ˶֪˫ֻȦȻͷһôӡ
ԣ仰˾ڿЦ
ͣǸϲڵơ
㡭Ҷջظոյһ㾴أŭ
ţҲû£ΪϾͻšҲû⡣
Ҷ㻹Сһ㣬һȭ޻Уѵûж֪ҵȴڳ˶ͨˣҲš
Ǳٺ֮ģȭٲУȴ˵һ˾ò˼飬˻ᣬѷС
ЦЦҲܴҵķӦǰһƻҶֻһôƮƮģûһ
ߣҶûƮƮһƣԼһ㡣
ʱղݿЩڵĻһҶ׳գһȴſҶѪҪΪȫ׾ͿԵסӵһơ
ںҶһһֻŽһúҶúܲ˼飬ԼһǴ󣬵ǵϾ͸оģʩչ
úҶģ벻ǣƮƮһƻؿڡ
ʹúҶ̲סҽУ屻õ˼
ۣһѪ
ʱ򣬴Ҷķ֣ոһĵطȱ


202 ˣ
ȱףΪʲôúҶˣ˵Ѫĵز
⸡˵ԺУҪˣ˵ǿƮƮĸоֻһִȻ벻ͨ
ΪʲôãҶȴˣ⵽Ϊʲô⵽ʲô似
˶м΢Цŵ㣬⡣
ɽţûУҪΪ׾ͿԵסٵ㴩ٺټӲףˣѪ
ʹɣոֻɵ㻹ΪҵƷûõĻҲνˡվһ߸ֶһȻӡ
ֻҪҶ֪ǺʹģҪСٵƷ
ллѣˡҶȥǵѪȻͳȥϵףеԪضй֮ϡ
֪׶ûκεôֻԼʹԼĶʧȥɣֻʹԼʹˡ
ŶǼɣԺҶ˱֣ͣĶֲ˼ȻԼһξͰ³ˡ
ˣҶ˵֮󣬾̹һɨȥ
еôһľȣȴΪҶȹαˣҶٱҲѧˣ֪Ϊǿ
ֵǣҶĻָҲ̫ǿˣոһԼȻֻɣȫȫʵûбܣҲԲܵģһ޷ôָС
ɣող˵
ĻΪ𣿱Щ˵滰𣬶еһЩ˺ܻܿΪԼĵˡ
㲻Ϊʵⷽ棬ȻǾԲ͸¶ԼûбҪκ֪
ȻȻ֣ȴûͣסӭȥ뽣֮ʱһϰͣýԼϹȥͬʱһƻ
Уƫ룬ѽ϶ȥץŽˣҲòס
֮󣬺Ҷžʹ򿪣ȫչǰȻŹᣬοȾ㵽仯
ƣ
ڲӵʱ򣬾ͿʼԺҶʼѾʲôƶԳƵĵزһǹؼ汸̬ҲҸо
ҶһˣһһֱźҶһͽһ
ҶҪǶԭĽôһµĶڴ֪Ϊʲô˵ԼƷȽ
ںҶֻǰһһƣȫûзصء
Сʲô̬˵ɡʵ۾Ȼһ䣬ʵֿڵĻɲ
ʱҲûȥǧѷ£Ϊչڴǰģһۡ
չʾһֽ似似û̫ǿȴź׼ȷͬʱٶȺܿļɡ
㱾һۣ˶Ϊ似ԼˣҲӵ׼ȷ󣬷ӵ
ΪЩļɣ󲿷ֶһЩ򵥼һģ׼ȷ˵õһЩͨʽǽһȫˡ
˶һʶԲҪֽ򷨣û˿Ӧˡ
ǵ뷨һҲûдİƱǽģ绹Ҳõİ취룬ʤͻࡣ
ȥ
ѹźҶƣһںҶؿڣҶ˻ɣʮصڵϡ
Ȼ˵㣬ǹ˵񫣡ҲȥҶ˵Ϣȥ
ûȥܺҶΪΪԼȻûɱɱ˺ҶǸոЩһƣ㹻Ҷڴһʱ䣬ھԲ
˶Ӧһ
Ǵûмıԣһ˾Ȼħֿȭһħͬʱʹħĸָܣһ֣ܶǰû˵顣
ȻҶһȥħЩʹòħȴһɣħʹħ˽ռܴƣǶʵǸ̫߳࣬Ȼħһʤ
ڴȴôˣʵ˵ȺҶ߳٣ڸոյı˵ˣ˵ոֳʵҪںҶ
ʵָˮƽˮƽٶȵˮƽ
ȫ߸˴ҵǰ֪ȥ룬ѵԼЩ̫ħӶһЩļܡ
Щ˵ʣͻܲм˵ʵҲҪ˷ӵģ෢ӳ߳ɵʵǱǷӳʮɵʵԣӦǳˮƽʵ֡
һǸһ⣬Ҳһ˸һ⡭
үСĺ棡СͻȻе
ڼС조١һֿ֮󣬼Ůͬʱ𣬶С󣬾ǳƺͬ
棡
쵰󣡣
㣬Сģ
ֱ֮ްޱѩĿУǰ˴һ⣬ѩôͻȻ㣬еɻ
ɻ󣬺ܿͱԺΪǰŵģ
㼸ڼС쿪ڵʱ򣬾һתһӰԼʵҪŮǵѣѾоԼϮ
˵ӰٶȵȻǺܿģ㻹ǵһη˿Կ쵽زȻ˵硣
ͬʱҲ֪˭ǺҶոŵĵطѾûˣҲ
죬죬ǿԶסһ˫ӭϣҶʱҲûǰѽһߡ
Ӵ֮뺮Ҷ˵ӰͽһԼٶڽأһӾʹ˼ʮغϡ
һΣҶڹٶϣ㶷һոպȫͬˡ
֪ĲǺҶΪʲôֿվսٶȻҪȸոտ죬ֻ֪һ£Ҷô£ôеˡ
ʮƣ
㱻Ҷó˾УҲǰƵǿһУ˫ѸչӰҶҶɳȥ
ǣҶɳȥˤ֮վ
Ҷţ˫۶㡭
ˣԭĲˡʱǿҶڵӣ˫ھצֽǿõĵطëһǰëġ
ѵްҪԼ飿һﾹȻ


203 
С죬û֮ģ㿴ǰĺҶͷҲصʼС
СҡҡͷشûУүҪʲô
ûΣûлشֻǼʵ
ҲûУ
Ŷˣ㲻ϲģް㡭ˡ
ʲô˼ΪʲôҾˡްŭ
㲻ʵ𣿡
ûУްشĺܸɴࡣ
ǲˡ

С̲סٴʵү㵽ҪƵĶʲô
ǰ治и𣿴˵ѪǲģƷһ£Ϲˡػش
òȥһ֪Щ˵ǷģЩ˵ӵģܳҪǣĴ˵
ûУ
ʲôѪΪʲôҴû˵е˶һ˲ɻ
УҶ
ֲˣǺҶеѪͳڱ֮ٶȶǣʱԲˣ飬ҪСġްһߴ
ˣ½ϵ֪ˣ֪ȴֻΪǵˣްŻĽۡ
ţްֺУһǹȥɡ
˭Ҫֻ᱾ٵȶȲˣʲô̷֡飬Ķ֣ܷŹñ˲𣿺ȻǷ񶨵ġ
ιҶ㻹˵𣿡㿴ŻǱ߶ԼĺҶʵ˸е
Ҷ㣬˫۷졣
Ŷԭˣʧȥ˵˵˰ҪԱٷ죬ûкɫĶٶײ˼˵ˣǳҧҡźҶ˵ĻòưѺҶţˡ
Ҷ˫۸ˣȴѪ˿֮죬ȻȻ˵ȴöĻ
໣
ҶһȻٱ㣬צӺɨȥ
ĺãҲѧźһȻӭҶסצӣһҶҶںɵĵסһ⡭
飬顭
һοʼӰ˫ֽͿóսǶôҡ
ʱԽԽľǰ˶Լ潻棬˶ǱԼС˺ü꣬ھĳɾ֮ͣ󣬾ԿԳڵԼ
Ҷ˵Ǳ˵Ҳʵһ֣ȴܻԽܣҰοȴͬˣȫȫǿʵܸоӦĻɣûнʵƳ
ˣԿ϶ٹ꣬ԿԳԼҪǲŬĻᱻԶԶ˦ں档
뷨Ҳͬ뷨Ϊǰ;޵ģһսǿļˣ½ǿֲ˵Խˡ
üЩʲôͬʱҲһ㲻Ϊʵģı飬ԲǳһԼʵȺĸ׵ϡ
ȻҲûοı飬ȴҲһᡭ
һԿ֮ǰ²пģ˶Ѿ֪㲻ˣֻΪһЩԭûȥͱơ
飡һ϶һƴҶһκɡ
һηֿһζŶԷڿţҶڴ΢Цһֺ΢Ц
ֻһΣеϵ·˺˺ܶ࣬˿ҲǺչʾǰ
ۺҶûʲô·ȱ⻭棬զһҶΪԿˣ·ˡ
ް󣬾ͷһܵߡ
ûءҪôһ㣬˵һ㡣ֹްȻЦ˵˹Ȼʹһ㣬ɣǼ
ʱ򣬴ҲĹƺ棬û£ȴˡ
ûҪ˳̶ȣҶҪغܶ࣬ڱˣͱˡ
ĺðôͲ䣬˵ʲôҲĴˣѪͳһβɨƽǣ
ʱԺҶеʼɣ廹Ƿ㣬ֻǣ֪ûʲô֢гʱǶãʱԳõĻǾ޵ˡ
Ҷûж˵ǽղһ޷ָ
ף˰Ϣһ£ѵҹĶ֡˵ಫԲҶϢܣ񫣬ԣС
ްǺ˱άֶãʵҪȻˣԼû취ˡ
ްҡͷǵܣӦòᳬСʱұǾкܳʱڣ
ԭֻ˷ܼˣּҪáֱӾͷÿ֮ǲ𣿲񱩿ûǣԡ
ʵҲеȼģȼԽߣھԽ٣˵ȼߵʱ򣬽ûκεֻǴ˵ް͵
ǵȼôֱ𣿡ʵ
ȼķֱǿͣоϵëɫڵͺëɫӦн׵ı߽׵ģȫɫԱСһ㡣㿴ӣãްһֺҶѾʼ仯˵ָ߽׵ġ
ҿȥæҶⲻ仯񱩵ģʵʱҲɫˣѴҡ
Ҷһ̼ӲǽԼȼߣȻʵԼƲסͻȫʧȥǡ
һ˲䣬ȸȫΧȥǾԲúҶڻʹֿ˵
ްǲָʧȥǣʼɱˣû˵Ķֻǲʵ
԰ɣｻְǶԸް
С죬ý
ţСͷ׼ӳȴް˹
׼ҪʲôްŽȥһһʵ
Ȼɱһ˵飬Щ˶˿Ȼ˲֣ýԼβǱˣҪɱҶ
ʧȥǵĶ֣㵱Ȼ֮ǰϢ


204 Ѫͫ
ʱްȴе㲻ðգҪ㲻Ҫֻû˵ʱ򣬳Ѿ˱仯
ҶıûǸոյĿģȥٶ֮죬㶼е㾪ȡ
ŮˣһӭҶû˽ҪӦڵĺҶȸոջҪצӣͻ鷳ܶࡣ
ҲѾûлȥްҪѾ鲻ʱ£ͬʱҲûȥ븽˿԰ϣڱϡ
Ȼϵ˰ãиʱҲνԼˬһֻǣһ鷳
Ҷ˫Ŀ죬ȫͫһצԱֱ֮߶һצУϾͻᱻ͸塣
һԾץźҶֱֻۣڿлһĻΣҶһˤҶ嵹ת˦˳ȥ
ţûǰͣţһǰ˳һеĺ񱳵˫ֳֵһնҶ
˭ûȥᣬҲ֪ߵжྪȣ˵ûȥԼһ˵һĴ
ȻһûȥᣬĿǰںľǺҶ
Ҷ֮ţڿת˼Ȧ˫ȵڵϣȻһţͳ㣬˫צӭĵ

˫צ֮ʱ죬ðһĻ𻨡
̣㽫Ϲ˫צ̶˷ë죬úҶ΢΢
ֵϵʵôȻΪ˷죬ǶԸ͵ķϵʱֱӿЧúܶ࣡
Ϲ֮ϾͿʼз󿪴ϣĵٶȣǿ֮
ոո˵ĸоȫͬˣ֮ǰõǼΪȴ򵥵Ķ
Ը˲ͬĲҲͬ㲻ǧƪһֻһս񣬶ЩǴ󿪴˶ʽʵѹƶԷĲԣ




ÿοúҶƣڱҪȥֵȻϱһնɱʧȥ˳ԣǶΣյһڣԲ㹥Ч
ĹȻǼ򵥵Ŀעڵϣ־һδεźҶ˫צúҶڸоԼ˫ȫ𶯣ԵĸоѾ˫צ쵽ֱۣڱĻ޷
ȥҪնɱҶֻʱ⣬ʱһͿԽնɱ
ʱˡ
ݺݵĿҶ˫צȻһм俳¡
м侹Ȼһ벻飬еĺ񱳵ȻˣǳܲסиոǳǿĶײֵڣɢˡ
ʲôƵ
ﺮؼʱȻ£һҪúõĽѵһѵˣڡ
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ҶƺֶԼвĶˣ̰幥㣬ȻӦ죬ǱϾոǹȥ޷һջأ˿һ㡣
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㡭
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ʱھ޷üԮ˭û뵽鷢úõģȻˡ
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һʼʱ򣬾ѾӹȥȴҶȥˣֻԼٶȡ
˫һ죬ֱץסҶҪѹסҶ˫צòеѣڵĺҶǳ˷ܼˣĲ˼顣
ҲһˣôĸǿѵҲѰ뺮Ҷסˡ
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໣Ҷһȫǵë˫ɳ˺죬òַˡ
ԸеҶǣȥΣˣС
ʱ򣬴ҷһֵ飬ҶͻȻͣһ£ʱ˫ץźҶһֻŴӺ
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ֻ˲˼Ķ˵壬ֻ㸩һֻڻһԲȦݺݵںҶԴϡ
β
һ̣ѾվںҶϣҶŽ£Ҷ£أԴ˵棬һֻžͲԴ
ʲô£˶Ժˣոмʲô£ǴҶûпʲôֻվںҶϣźҶ
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ʵոѾѾ˺ҶüΣҶιȥˣֻΪ˱ԾͶȼ£Բģǹġ
ҶëȥѾ
ոǸ˭ʲôƵ¾ˣñٲ㱻˵ʱֱӿ
ոǸߵ˻ؾ㼸䣬ʱ򣬾ͣסˣϳ־ȵı飬ڳ˶ˣĬ
űʲôȻӢٷ磬ո޵УǲҪɫű٣ٲϲˡţС죬ǿԼںɻЩҲҲ˵ɡ
ѪͫѪͫشľ˵ľ
ѵҵ۾Ǻɫ仰֪Լ۾һǻûлָոʹ۾úҶʱԻסſлɳˣһβڽ¡
ֻû뵽ԼջشˣôǺɫ
鷳ˡ
ⲻܣôܻѪͫܵ飡첻ǰʵʵ֪㲻ˣȴ۾ʼˣֻǼˡ
ʲôѪͫٲ֪һˣֻ˯٣۾е졣һ䣬Ȼ׼뿪
ֻ仰ʵ̫ǣǿˣ˿Ķһ˫ɫͫ챦ʯһͫ˭ܿ
ʱһ⣬Ҳе鷢ˡ
㣬쵰
仰ǰޱзĻһϰģ仰ȴһ벻ˡ
ֻѩ֪ʲôʱǰһ˫۾㣬˫۷⣬ոյǾ仰˵ġ



205 Ļָ
Ͳȼ£˰ܲ˵
仰ΪѩոΪ˺ҶҲԣΪʲôҪ㣬ո㲢ûʲôģ˵Ϊ˺ҶԵȷôһ㡣
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쵰쵰쵰ڻװʶңΪʲôҪʧȥ䣬֪֪ǼжҪ֪֪Ҳ㣬ΪʲôҪǿ˵û˵һѡȨûСѩ򼤶еˮѾʼӿ
òƣ񣬴ţѩѾָ˼䣬һαļ䡣
ڸոźҶʹôʱ򣬱ҲΪǶ⻹۾ѩĽǶȸոպĿ˫ɫͫ
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ѩ˫۾ʱ˶סˣˣζһһԺ֮УɭеһСӱߣһԺɫͫ۾Լ
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ƬμѩԺ
ڰˮУ봽ӵǡ

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ǰûǹŮˣ
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ǸʱоԼʧ䡣

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裡
أ
㡣
ģ
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ЩƬκܿһԭļпհףӦüסԼҲסȴ벻ļ䡣
Ҳעģǳĺۣѩǲ£֮ǰЩ䲨Ҳһ
ҪĻģһֱ£һֱŬţҪһмһ𣬾
˵Զ󲻵ܴˣҲұ֤ܽ˵Ŀס˱һȶء

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ʲô׷ɱΪʲôǶ֪ʵ۵Ǿ仰͸Ǹе࣬һΣ
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򵥵˵˵ļҲģ顣
쵰ͲҿԱܣǼ³ңûе֪ѩ̵Ļشȴסˡ
Ҳ㣡֮ǰû㣬ƾʲôİˡƽ˵
ǰ˼ƾʲô㣬ͷβѱϽ鷳˼޿κβŻ֮󣬵ȻǸɣ´ûз
ѩͻȻʵȻܲԸϣȷʶԼԼҲʲô֮䣬ѶǣֻİݣֽԼ
ǡ
㲻ҲûϵЩҲԲҪҲ㣬ˮһΣҵĵһΣûȨǡ
ʲôһΣҪ˵ôҲƣҲĻѾˣ˵ʵǸʱҴˣӦù㣬ãһ˰ˣʡ鷳ֱӵ˵
ĻһСҲ̫Ƕˣ˵ģѩӾ֪˷ʲô¡
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Ҳֻó
㵱Ȼϣˣͷβһ鷳һҪǱƲѣ㵱ʱҲᱳҸ㣬һ˦ѩǼ˵
ָˣֿʼвˣ˵һ䣬Ȼ׼뿪ÿҪ·
ãѩ˫ſ΢üͷı飬˶Ϊ֮һ黹һѩϲɶ顣
û˵ֻǺܸɴתǰʹĸţֲһҪ߹
ǲ𣬻㲻
ǣ
ʱѩͻȻһԼҲ󲻵벻ĶǰӺ汧ס㡣
㲻ߣ˵ʲôҲٴҵʧ
ѩţСıϣ˫ָǽţһԺ󣬾Ͳٳ֡
ոտת뿪һ˲䣬һںţȥʧԸ
ҲԸ⣬Ҳԣѩҡͷ
һľ֮󣬷ԼʱжôǣԼȻԼоеԺнûĴڡ
ѩ˶Ŵͣе㲻š
һֱѩҵӡָ߹һĮһеĸ߹󣬲ΪκεûκεĲʲôǵġ
һΣǵˣˣȻȥסһˣһһ̫꣬˾ò˼ˡ
εȥѡˣ˭ģѾһĿȻˡ
ްѩʱһȻǺܲ˵ؿѩ򣬴ͥڵģô
ޱ뼧СȴһƬհףⶼʲôôͻȻˡ
ܴҵĿΣѩһ̣˶û˶ĿţмĻ桪
һŮӱıסһꡭ


206 
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Ŀǰѩֻһͣûд֮ʲôֻΡ⡱һμַôɺϣָ˼䡣
ھѩֵᣬ˾ÿȴ⣬ͻյЩӰ죬ôͻ
ҡ
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˵ˣҲֻһѩĸףʥ۹Ļʵۣ
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ô˵ڻʵҪ˵飬֪˵ȻԽԽãڳ˶Ӧǻȥˣʱѩѡ˭Ҷ֪ˣѩòƻСӷʲôϵ
ǵ۹ⷽĻҲǺ˿ԽܣڳЩӣǶܽܡ
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ǼСýްߣԼҲõʵҲԼԸδ֪ӦɣӦðӸˡ
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˵֮󣬻ʵǿѩȷûв䣬֪˵Ļмûʲôͬġ
ѩͷͬ˵Ȼм䱣˺ܶ࣬Щ˽˵飬׷ɱ޹ϵӰ쵽жϡ
õѩȷ֮󣬻ʵ۾ü죬Ҳһı鿴ԼӶԷҲܿһµ⡣
ѩı˵֪һ鲻˵˵ȷţԼʡ
ô˵ҪмһԼŮ
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㵽ˣ㣿
㣡ֱӵػص
ʱ򣬴Ҷ㲻ˣΪǸʱû뿪ʥ֮ǣܵǧ֮ĺɭȥѩͬʱ¼Ȼֻѩ֪ԼЩ˶ǵһ£Ǿ͸֪
ΨһĽ;ǣǰ겻ˣ㡣
ȴһܴ⡪
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207 ҵĺ᣿
Ѫͫǣֻͨĺ۲ѡڰֱӷķ˵ѣ˲϶˵
ڳ˶Ǵˣܿó˼ֻǶΪе˵Ҳ˵ôֱӡ
Ļشûʵһʱ֮Ҳȥʣ죬˼ԣǼҵ飬ԼʰɣСҶԸˡ
Ҳֻͷ±ҵ飬ҲʣҴ֮ٺԼ˵˵
쿴㣬ôڣ⻰ﻹĲ׿ڣҺڳһ˿԰桭
۲ĺ۲ҵѪͫҶûУΪʲôУߵްֱӵ˵
ҵѪͫްһһ˶ûгֹǸߵ⣬Ҳһûг֡
һУֻвܿѪ֮ͫһ֮ܳΪҵļѪͫҲռ˲ٵԭ
۵ľһҵѪͫһֵĲ֮治УⲢ˵ʲôܲػص
˵仰ỳɣһֱĻΪҽڣǡ
Ŷȷ治У˳һ档ްȴͷϿĻ

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ʱҶް񾭴еͬʱϤްҲ֣ԭްģ񾭴˵㣬ЩõΪʲôǰ
ǰóٶۣԸȥϸ룬Ͳȥ飬ֻҪһͿԡ
ûֻ֪Լ֪
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Ϊƿ˵ʱѾ˵ػȥ޷֪ʲô·ߵġ
ԣҪ֪õİ취㡣
ʱ죬˻ް㣬ȴĴ𰸣еǣҲк£˵Ϊԡ
Ѿˣƽ˵
ⲻܣƭңԲԣµĲϢҲһֱͱݵԭ



208 
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ɻԼǽֻ㵭˵һ䡣
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Լôˣûŭ⣬ֻڰ˵
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ڰǰ·һɽʱ򣬷һǿŻΧһˣʱһΪǴ٣·ƽεȵ徫Ҿ͹ȥˣֻԭһͨĴ٣һԤıİж
ҽȥ˵ʱ򣬷Ǹ˾Ȼҳһһ˭شҲҶ˵˰ɡҵĳ֣Щ˾͸㲻˭˭ǡ
㿪ʼȫȫ˵Լ˵ˣ˵Լ㡣
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ް޵ĿʼϣްԼ̫ĹϸΪ˵ްһܻеҡ
ްԼĸƺе仯ˣǰĽ֮飬һֽܼŮ֮ĸ飬ܸӵһָ顣
ɲްͷٷչȥȻʱʹֻ
Щ鿪ʼ˾ǿʼˣȥѹҲûãʱԽѹţԽǷ
仰ްסˣ仰ڰµӰԼìӣԼ֮ͻиңǰʱһ
Щ棬ްǺףԺҲһѡԵԺɡ
ͬʱ仰Ҳڳ˶סˣ뷨ȴǸڶ룬СǲǷˣڳ˶ʲôˣ㶼˵ⲻǳв
ʱղݿܻзƿЩڵĻ֪ڵ뷨Ļͻֱ˵ûСӾǷģžǷӡ
ͬʱҲпǷ٣ʥ۹Ļʵҵļвϻʲôвġ
ʱҵĶԻͽסˣҪһ˳Բ˾ǻʵۡ
ˣ¾͵ΪֹʲôǿԻؼ˵ڲ飬ûڲ
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˵˵Լңû˻ȥᣬһ˵ңʲô
ǵģ죬ǻȥ˵еһ˵òǺͬһˡ
һңҵˣΪҪоģ˾ˣȫںҪμ˸ʲôǣҶǣںôһͬʱҲһ
Ȼǰû𺦵ϵ¡
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ˣҾԲ£죬ҲҪΪԼҵס
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ȫںܲ˵ÿңҸǣǲȥңһѧԺᣬǲʲôĻ;ҡ
µһν̬ȣ֪ĸ˭Ҳã֪ԼʲôѪͳҲҲ˽⵽Լ۾Ϊʲôֱԭ
˵֮ͶżС˵С죬֪ҵˣӦԼǷʲôװźĸ£Ժʲô£ȥղԭϵǰˣҵ֣ǻҲҵң
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һԭ򣬾뼧СһҪޣõʱԼǵʲô鷳ǣͲãϲһ˳еһУϲˡ
ˣԼȥˣԺм˭û²ҪңǾ͸Ҫңǲǵġ˵Ѿ˾úͬʱҲĵȻʹȥ
ֻǣƺ˽ʲôġ
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òѩڴָֻ֮ɭеǸԸ񣬱úᣬҲҴ˵ʲô


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˵ĶԻȫ˵ȥЩ£µĻСͻˣͱʾһЩ޹ؽҪ顣
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ոտҷģϴҪϴˣϣʱ򣬾Ϳǡһ仰ͽȥԡϴ衣
ߣҾҪ㿴ţ㿴ޱе
ѩ򣬵£ҲȥޱʱͻȻ˵һ仰ԼҲûпǹĻ֮ǰ뷨ǲıϡ
ţҾ鲻ǣҪȥǣҲҪȥް̸飬Ҫ֮ж



213 
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Ϊһͻƣͱٽһȹ̣һҪʱҪԣҪһζǿ
չصĺǳףްһĻᣬѩĻʼԼѹأκ˶ܷŽѩ
ѩҪȻڴӦֻҪҪȥҲȥҲǿд
㴳ԡҵ飬ͳĸŮĹ뷿ܣû˵ȥһϣްҪ֮жҲֹˡ
ʹУѩ޵ޱʱһֱסԼҶѩһ
Դѩ򵹲⣬ֻ֣ޱ㲻˵һʱܸôںֲˡ
ǰҾﻹѧϰĵطҲŷ֣ҪѧĶһȥʲô壬Ҿұҵˣޱ˵
ѩһ£ȻЦѾͷԭ㲻ٻȥѧˣҲǣļѾˮƽٻȥҲѧʲôþһ£Ĵѧϰ
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ڴ֮ˣűһ𡭡
֪ʲôʱԳأѩû˸ոֵӡ
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ǰڲŹȥһ룬оѰѩ򵭵˵
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ͬʱĸ飬ʵѩģôǿңҲû̹ģģУֺûС
Ҳָ֪Ҫģʱ㲻ǣҲΪ⣬ˡ

ް뼧Сʱϴһÿ춼һ㻹ڱչأȥˣȻǲһġ
ްңСѧԺôԼһ㡣
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۵ģشҲ³һˣԣ⡣
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ֳĽǧѰô֪ο롰㡱÷ģȥϢĽҲһ
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ܿ죬˾뵽һһˣҶе㻳ɣΪҲҵˡ
Ҳԣҵ˳£ĽݵˣҲҪٸӵģ˵ˣ±ҪģĽĹϵҲûбҪ
Ľ֪ǱȽ϶ģĸ׽ʲô֣ΣĽƾΪǰĽ֪
ȷģֻĸճûþ͹ˣΪһֱ˸У¶Ǿᣬ㲻ҲģǾ͸֪ˡ
ֻĽҲ֪ĸȫʲôֻΪɩӣзţʱСꡣ
ҪɣȷС꣬ǺС޹أϻСŶ֣ͬοҲֻǺǸͬ
ĽṩټɢɢҺǿҳĸ׵ϼңǵȻҲҵ֣ҵļ塣

Ȳ˵ΣΪ£ƶǶ֪һ£ԭʥ֮ðˣҵʱԼѧԺĸġ
Ҫǣԭһֱ֪µģʱҲǱһģɶİʦ㾹ȻôãҪ·㻹벻ǡ
ʱ򣬷ƶĽǧѰСֿʼ㣬Ȼҹ£Ǿ˵ðˣΪģѾҴˣǺΣ
ʱǷƶĽǧѰ϶ȥʥ֮ǣСҲ˼ȴĽֹˡ
ɺܼ򵥣ûµĻǹȥʲôأҪ£ȥֻ鷳ԷңǼģҲǲġ
ƶĽǧѰ룬˵ȴţķչ

ڽңް˶ˡ
⣬ô


214 ̫ү
һΣҲ֪ǲ⣬ԭԤ뿪ʥ֮ǵһϣδһº뿪ȴû뵽εһ¶ڱչ״̬ڹͻƣҲ벻飬ο㡣
һΣһϣҪӳ뿪ˣҲΪҵĽͻ뿪û֮ǰǾԲ;ϡ
֮ǻһ£αչصʱ仹еˣʮ죬Ӱм嶼Ѿ֪
صһ죬鿴һԼԼĹ󲻵Ľչ⡣
ϴ裬Ȼ£ٴϸطһΣоԼҪٴǿѵˣӦһ£ȻҸɽɭֽٸѶȵǿѵ
Ҳ̬ȣ֮󣬴󲿷ֵʱ䶼ų˸޷ܵѵıǮ
ʵԽԽߣһЩҲ̫ˣ˵ǰǵһЩ鷳ȫȥˣΪ鷳ڵ˵Ѿ鷳
ҲԽʵһУͬʱҲܸıһУ
ټ򵥵˵ɣѾ˿ŵıǮǰԸˣȿȣ͵ϲ͵ܵ͵
ţѾΥġ̫
ֻ˵̫ڲϣҲǻƻ裬ʱֵĽʲô
չһ¾δĽǣȻһȺڿԼ
ţܲôûгˣһɺ䶯
ͻȻ뵽èⲿӰУչѳڿջһĻ
һӰвͬĳ֣˺䶯
ˣ֪ͨϡ
֪ͨү
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֪ͨ
һʱУϾըˣ˵һ֪ͨԱͬʱ׼õĿ뿪
Ȼе䶯ǵı˵λȴ˿ûлңȻܵ״̬ᣬ㡣
棬㶼оһʲô䶯Ҳɡ
һ֣˺ܶ࣬չؿʼʱֻѩòƲֹˣʼһЩ˻ʼҵ
ոսеүСˣžҼްǾͲ˵ˣȻѩ
û´ЩǱԼģǿԼԼ뿪ġ
ԼΣԼҪ뿪ҪʵֶΣʱԼһҪԱĴ
ĳأȻǷޡ
ܿ죬СˣѧԺģȻġ
֮˼䣬վһ߿Ž顭
žѩ밬ޱ벻ǾȻްҪ죬ϣȻûˣֻҪ֪ϢΪһôΪ¶أҵ飬ԺȻģѩҲѾȥˣҲ͸ȥˡ
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òƲްһңҵҲˣֵǣЩүүҲˣ̫Ҳڡ
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ǻ
Ȼڵ֪֪֮Ҳ֪飬йĸ׵
ĸȫ꣬Ͱϰ׸꣡
һСͺ֮ǰʵѾ֪Լ岻Сӣֻȴְ£ܲȻǳܲס飬Ϊ̫ȥ
ȻȻкܴĿҵˣȥ֤һ£ҵļңѾûˣǶŮĸҲѾˡ
ֻĻŻѲǲңĸ֧ģΣǾҪ֤ϣ˽⣬ҪʱҲǺܳģ̶̵ʱ
˵ǣУһСףҵˣ£һΪԼصϣ
ĺܣŴٵһȻֻһŮǰˮ򸾡
֣Ҷסˣй˵黹һĴ˵һֱ½
һǴ½Ϊ֣һֻǺͨŮŮСһ𳤴
˲ţȻҪȢ߹ĴС㣬ʱҲǼѡԷҲҪǹġ
˭Ҳû뵽ȴΪˮӣһûʶǵĵطǵһ
֪֮󣬴ҿԿ϶ҵĺһڼҵġ
ֻһ⣬´е㣬мֻʮҴ뿪ڣѾ˵ʮ⻹ްһ
˵ıݾҸ߳Ǹߵס
Ĵ壬ôݳֲģЩǷּңڼһֱǲ࣬ҲһͻȻһ㣬ݸߵ档
ƽʱһᱻȥҵģֻҵģѾټѪͫʵǿᣬҲòһС̫ү


215 ҵĹ˾
˵һ󲿷ֵĶ˵ҪⱲݣһǰһްͬˡ
ʣµС֣ñ˲Ҫֱӽ֣ݷоͿԡ
ǣȴһ⣬ڸ֮󣬿˿Щˡ
ţȻĻЩСͲҪ˼Ϣˣһȥ
ǺλռţһİԼǵĳ˵˾

һȺ˸е޻˵
ĸɴֱ࣬ҵĳѩ򣬰ޱмСͬʱ뵽ްһֱ㷢û˵֪Щʲô
ٺ٣ȻҪԼ̫үΪʲôôã鷳һȥԺҸˣʲôôȻТ̫үʲô鷳Ȼ̫үš
;ˬ
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عʲôֲҵģģֻݹϵݱȽϸߵݣڻعҼ׵飬ֱӾܾռռ˻ԣν
´ԭ⣬ҪԼҵļϳ֣ǾҪˣҪˣȻǲǾ仰ɷвգ
ԶҵˣҲҵĹ
ҵٴ
ΨްЩͬ
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ΪҵˣǾνˣΪڱļ壬ݹϵҲһν
ˣڵʱް֪ıݣ˵Ҫرң̳ԣֻĻ˷һߣǡ
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ްСѾͷ㣬ҾҵĴүݣ㻹Ҫһô㣿ˣͽ̫үԣ̫ˣͽ̫үɣһС˵ްǸ߸ϵ˵
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ްҪûûСüûпסʱҲһ
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㿪ʲôʲôϵɻòްԼҺܿģѵԼȥʲôԸбΪ̫ү
½ĹزǺЩйػ޵ģǺ˽⡣
Ҫܣް΢΢һ죬û˵ѵҪԼ㣬ΪԼûа취һ𣿱
ͣѩ밬ޱһЦްʵ˾˼һԣŴӹûгֹġ
ӿʼڣ˵Ĺ¶˾˼ֵ־棬һͻȻС̫үʵ̫˼ˡ
ЦʲôߣԺǵ飬һңްѩе˵Ҳֱӵ˵Ժѩ֮ķչ
ް̹׵Ļѩһ£ҲǣްҵĻԼĵ·ɺܴ鷳
תһ룬ްԸ񣬾Լ鷳ҲģʲôµĻԼʲôʸȥӵȨҪġ
ңǾͿ˭˭ˡѩ΢ЦţްһҲûá
ŮŶԷʱһڼ̸š

̸ˣϲͽ̫үϲͽ㣬ҵļף붼Ҫ룡ٴҪ㻹Ǻܸɴؾܾ
Ͳ𣿽ңҵĺӵеȨ㼸ҲܶġֿʼˣȰս˵Ҳˡ
˵ľǱ˵ģԼŬõĲõģԼõģϵ֣㣬ٽİܹ⣡ڰ֣ܲ˵
ûҪУɢҲƣ˵Ǯ̯׬ǮҪȻ㣬ֻ̯ԸλٵĿ㡣
ĻһҲ˵ôֱӰɡ
ðɣ˵ɣʲôǷҪٽȥֻѪͫٸ㣬˫۾ڱģһ˵ѪͫѪͫ˵ʵӵһ̶ȣͻֵĺɫͫ
죨ȻСˣǾͽˣʱڳٵʱ뺮ҶƴʱûһֱֺɫֻͫͻȻôһ¶ѣֻǶ۶ѡ
ȷǾ۾ѪͫЩͬԼֻҪӳʵ۾ͻ죬ģѾʼˣôֻźôһ¡
ⲻǣǡ
ȻҵЩͬ㲻ǣҲѪͫĲȶϤ
ϲҲǣٻǾ仰Ҫң̸Ҫ̸㱾ȢҵŮˣʱҲҵĺ˼ңҵԶҵģڣǶٻȥ˵仰֮󣬾ͻӻ֣Ϳ͵˼
ˣԺ̸ɣһʱ֮㻹ͨˣʱӭ㡣ֻεظˡ
ټȥҲܲסĮӣȫںҵĸо
ʱҵ˻ΪһΪϢģȻңΪҵĺӵгԶ޷ӵеĶ
ֻǣȴԼˣشȫںЩȻҴүһֻһҡ
ǵĻ˵һ˾


216 ϲ
㣬ôõĻ᣿Ǳ˰˱Ҳ벻鰡ޱȥӰ
ľͲģҪõһУҲҪһĴۡĻش˾úʣǴŮȴ˼
ûеڱ飬⣬ҪõҵĳϣҲһŬС
ȥԺ㲻ΪףһԽ֣߳Ҫݡ
˵ҵȨʿ˽ӻõչˣڸʮ֮һ㵱ʱܶ½ãõֵܣʮҲѾɢ
Ϊһ⣬ҵ˻Ҫչš
ûҾ̬֮°˶飬Ҳ㣬ô˵ҲһС̫үʲô£һǾûеûӣԼҲúܲˬ
ˣѵðޱ˵˾֣ޱʲôʱʼЩ£һֻϲ֣Ķӵ޹ص飬ôһٵȥʡ
ܿ죬Ҿ͵õ˴𰸡
ޱ˵Ҫҵ̫үĻǾͺˣԺͿҫްġ
ҲҫҵıݻǰģްСѾͷҪ̫үģʼ磬˵
仰ްһӾȥˣ
ǣԼ˼ˣȻϲָоҲҪԸģҴǿˣϲͽүҲԣϲҲԣϲҲԣν
⻰ްϳϲʱǿ
ԼĶԼȥȡȥϧȻ֮Ҳһ֪ϧʵʱмĹ̲ı㿴գ˵
ʲô¶һ죬ʲô˼ʲôȤУһĶƲסܷӡ
似Լһһ۵ģֹȻȴ֪ԼʵΣ֪ԼԣԼӳԼʵ
Ҿϲ㣬ҪҪԼȥȡҿ԰㡣ްʱ򣬾סĲӣȻЦ
ûûСĳɺͳ˵ȴ֪仰ֻЦ
ҾûûСģֲǵһʶҡްϣЦ˵
ЦúܿģԼ֮ûκϰˡ
ˣҲﲻʲôҵȨѡ㽫ްȻĹ治ˡ
ߣҵǿһʲôĹһֻᳪ裬һֻźˣҿ԰顣ްӺܲˣֻ仰ȴ̼Ů
Ҷ֪ԸˣҲûȥû
רõĹܼţҴһУԶءȴĸŮһȫǿ԰ԼʲôģѾһõģΪõһˡ
ܼţ˭ĽǧѰƶްȻ֪ͨ£ȴ֪˽֮顣
С꣬ǸȸߵŮޱϴξֳСֵЩ
֪Ϊʲôоޱ⻰ģڶʼСʲô
ԭȷ԰ǵʳ̶ȣѾѷֵ꿪ʥ֮ǣһܻӭްͷΪСһˣ;Բ˵ֻͨġ
ϴΪɡϴСŷƶǹӦòΪѣСֲ¶ְŮûʲôǲ뿪⡣
ϴΣŶԣһǧУʱ̸ġްͷ
ҼҵĹܼźãȻеȸߣϲͷ˵仰ĸŮһ£漴ϲͬϲ
ǣҲ֪˵ϲĿǰΪֹֻôһǰ˵ϲ˭ִͿС΢ԺȻҲֲϲ㣬׼ȷ˵ϲĿǰ˵
ҪΪߵŮһҪϲЩֻѶѣСģǲ֪Ժ᲻ϲˡ
Ǻģ˭Ҳ˵һ̻ᷢʲôֺοԺ
ˣҲɢ˰ɣҽȥߣ֪ҹΣ˵һû߶ǽͼʶʶ˵⻰֮ҲŮǵķӦʹ뿪ˡ
ʲôҪߣ׼һ𣿡ް׷㣬˵
׼ǵݲʺϺȥ䣬ҿɲΪ˹ۿĶ󡣡˵ǰܿ͸ееͷʹˡ
ĸŮֻһ飬ЩԭȱҲͬں棬ݣҪ涼Уν֡
ҲֻеһͷʹѣҪ˦ǣǼ򵥵ġ
㲻ɫǸţߵѧԺЩѧ¥ǰо·ĵطѧ˰ߣ·ĸо
ȴҪҪްҪʱͻȻ֡
أոջڵģôˣҿҡްָոջԼǰ㣬ͻȻʧˡ
ްŮкЩӢһ۵Сۣȫ֪ôԼǰʧġ
ҪңôףǰôᱻǺҵ
ߣԺҾҪҿôްߵȻͺܸɴķؼȥˣΪ֪ѾҲˡ
߰ɣҲȥɣҲҪһռ䣬һʱһ𣬿ǿѩŰޱĻʼ֮»ȥˡ
СҲһؼˣ˽죬Ժ󽫲ˣѾûˣǾûбҪߣ˵ףֲŮ

˦Щβ֮󣬾Ϳʼʹʹ֮ãߣβ͵ˣȫʧȥȤ
йһ֮ҹĻͿʼˣ
ҹõģģ
ţȷ棬ҼС̯ӳԶˣ˲ᣬֻǾɻ
ô


217 ط
ҹС̯ӣһվ꿴ͬŶòƸոճͷŮ˿ŶԷﶼ¶֮⣬ھȶԷô֡
ӣŮܻ̾æؽԼոճ궫ñѾó˿ɾ
Ϊӵ˺ָܶ࣬оŮ˸оȫܸͬоŮֻһ
Ͼôôֻһˣеɻʵ
ûŮϾ
СҪ̸飬ոμϢҶӶˣͳԶˡϾӻæлָȻش
ŶڳҪȥ˰ɡҲûģ޷Ǿǿ˿ȹ̸⣬Ͼͬѡ
ʥ֮Ĺ࣬Ϊ߹ͬҲԽ࣬ǹ̸Ǻ顣
ţϾͷӣס
Ͼʲô飬飬ֻ֪ԼԼ顣
ʱסʥѧԺ棬һʱĻҡ˵żŶ
Ͼû뿪վߣϲԵĶȻݹȥĬĬͬʱҲȻź
ܿ죬˶Ͼˣ˭ϳ㣬ҲǴҿϾòǿϵĻĬһŶһŶ̾ˮһС̯ӵϰһֱƴŶ
С㣬ӣѾûˡ˾ȵ۹֮£С̯ӵĶ꣬ϰ岻֪ԼҽͻǸ亹ԼһСӡ
˵ֻһС̯ӣʳȴ㹻ö˳ԣȻĻС̯ӻʲô⡣
˵㣬һң㸶Ǯܲ˵
һȺ˳״סˣﰵ㻹԰
һңϾҲǰȻˣǾͱʾʱ֧䣬ȻҪˣѾôʱûˣȻû˵ʲôȴ֪Լܹӡ
ҲĻ᲻ܶ࣬ԼҪϧ
Ͼ̬ȣ㵽Ǻ⣬ѾϰϾǰ
Ͼ֮ԻС̯ϳԶҲΪӰ죬ĻôܵС̯Զأ˵ֻһŮȴһС㻹Ҫֻļ⡣
һҿʼͲֻһˣÿҶһ㣬óԵĶɨ֣ɨһ֮ϾС
ţϾһ㳡㳡˻ǱȽ϶ģϸеĵطһ˵ЦС˵ĻСڴ󺰴Уš
ƽȴʵһֺܶΪмǺܶȴú
һŵʯʣǰڷҲǴɣȴûͣ£ŸոŪСԼš
Ͼ£Ҳ˵Ůһ𣬵ŮȴᣬŮҪܼ򵥣źסͿԣҪϥģ׼ȷ˵ֱӷԡ
ȻϾŮߴ꣬Ը˽⣬ҲЩϰߣᱰϥŵʱ򣬷Ҫվš
Ȼڿ˿ǰûû߷ŵÿ
ţĿţʱҲǾĹȥ¹֮µĹ㳡Ͼ˺ܾãܾá
㣬𣿡ͻȻС˵
һʼ⣬ǺС裬ֽ͵裬ǿ裬ҲҪҪɡֻôѵ㻹𣿡
ͻȻϵΣС衭
СҡСԴ˵С費ˣСҲɺͷһˣǲᡣ
СĻͷ˸ոǸ뷨֪С費˵ѣĻһ˵ԣԵĻͱˣôڻûж
Ҫ裬߷ţ㲻Сʧ˵һȽеİ취
Ҫǲ㣬СҪ衣СҡСԴ˵
˵ôأеεؿС衣
ССԴڿ⣬ʵ˾ÿɰϾһֱڻеĳ嶯
ϾһСϾͷϿŷ㡣ССԴоȻһֵİ취ҲǣĸоȽһ㣬ĸомһˣС˵ںû
ֻܷɵϾԴϣȻ㡣
ҪҲУһġϾ֧ɣվһţȻ֣һʿϾ
Ķ˵ĸ߹Ͼһ£ȻæһԼţŽСִϣǣߵĿյأʱϾ΢΢е졣
ȻϾ⣬û뵽ӦСҪԼ裬һһӱ߹󣬶Լһ
Ͼе㲻Ȼе㲻š
ҪţɣھһĹ˶ϾһţҲȻܶࡣ
£ߴʦںģϾ⣬
ϾţĽѾʱƺԭȵĿģΪСˣƺС裬С֪Ļһ
ֻСҲУ˴ŽĸоҲĸȾˡ
ӿʼһСע⣬ͣԼ飬㳡˶ϾֵĹ㳡Ҳðˡ
ﶼԿεŮŸ߹ǰһıס
һ֧Ͼָ˵񣬷˹㳡ʱ˵ķӦȫͬģϾǺߵĵͷǺܴ󷽵ĽܴҳݵĿ⡣
֪ʲôĿ𣿾Ǳ˧磬к˧ȼŮǱ˧ϾԳ֮ΪɫŮһ裬𺳣˿Լ
ţȴȥݵϾ뿪㳡


218 ʱ
סȥϾ֮Ȼʵ
Ͼ֣Ժ֮УĻ֮󣬲ŷӦæشӲˣԼԻȥġ
һŮӣϲȫʲôط鷳ҡֱӵ˵ϾĹǣôˣһֱ鷳ˡ
ֻɲϾһŮӣҹڽϣȻΪϾŮӶΪŮϾԲŻ᲻ġ
СסʥƵϾش
ŶȻ˿סϾȻҲǣϾϰ˵Ҳû⣬ֻϾǰߣ˼֮ͷһ⡪
·ɡ
ӡϾֻȻǰ棬ߵǰͷԼֻϾͺȻջ֡
ϾȾ˺֣ܶ࣬еŸеߣܿ־еʧ䣬ǺܿЩоˡ
˾ʥƵ꣬һ·Ҳûʲô鷢û˵ϾҲһû˵ȻϾлеʣΪʲôûȥʣЩ²ܹܵķΧ
ˣˣȥɡʥƵǰ㿴һĽִĻ˵ҾƵǼеļƷ
֪ˣӻȥСһ㡣Ͼվ㣬ûнȥ
ЦЦӻ֣Ȼתȥ֪ϾҪĿԼ뿪Լʧǰǲȥġ
ԣҲֱӵ뿪
֪ʲôʱټϾӰʧԼߣתһɲǣа˵
һεڣѾȥ˰ֻ꣬ˣֻɺϣûɺϣǾûεϾŴ˴һ֪ʱꡣ
ֻϾôҲ벻ʱʵ̫ˡ

ڶ죬Уϴ裬ͼݣȿԼõ飬һԺ˵ˡ
֪ʶ似֪ʶǾеӦɡ
һ죬òʲôҲûзйһ죬ЩŮҲû㣬ú԰Ĳܴš
ֻ˼죬˹ˡ
⼸ʲôްԺӣ㿿ڴϿ飬Ͷϣ°ϣЦؿ㡣
Է飬˯򵥻ش
һؼңиҪϯް˵
ȥ
Ҿ֪شԣʹ㲻ȥˡްһҲ˵ʱ򣬾Ѿ֪𰸡
ʵҽȥҽЩҪдϯһ£ʾأҲ˵㣬ǲýҡ
ްȻԶӧģȻһʼʱѾ֪϶ȥĿʵ㡣
زȥ㣬ֻҪ˾ͺáֻһ߰һ㣬ҲԺúõĿ顣Ҳûж˵ʲôް
ţҲ顣ް˵ܽӣóһŴΣϣ㲢һȻڿ
ܺްʲô飬ûתͷȥһڿ

ҲãֻҪܰͿԣǲǲҲǲġ
ʥѧԺĸ߼棬һ˶ۿĻ棬һһŮŴϣһڿţ꿴ıȻܰûж̫ı飬ŮͲͬˣʱʱģʱ΢Цʱ
ŮͶ룬տʼ껹ҡͷ¶ĿЦǿЦȴûоñŮᷳ˼Ůȥˣרĵڿ顣
ʱ⣬ҲҪģŮһֱĻǸжá
˵ѾǺܹˣȻʱ֣ҲֱֱģϲֱֱҲȫں񾭴Ը
ʱһȥѧԱҲʼصᣬܶ˶ȵؿһĻ棬ҲǾ⻭ѵãǾ⻭еǣܸĸоȷǸеȡ
ǿ͵ģΪеһᶼˣһˣùİޣΪ
ˣڸĸоͻôҺ⣬ܾȡ
ǾȣʱҲһûˣް˻Ǽǻ棬ҲûȤˣȥԵ顣
ʱһһ㡭
С죬˾ͽɡͻȻްе飬ԺſڣּСҪ˳ȥ
ԭոռСʱ򣬿ްһ𣬾;òţ˻ȥ
ްСҲڰֻ·ҪүС˽ڨڨ˵
ԭǾúüû㣬ôһңҪǲҪæ
һ·ҲԼ˵ԼˣֻҪûҪԼģ˵˵žԺſڣŽȥʱ򣬲ȥ
ͲҪҴүûźţҲûԸźţҲֻŻźΪҵĵһŮˡްżСЦ⻰ֱӵĴˣһС죬һǵĹ˾Ҵ١
ߵĿʵǹǿģȫްĻһܲ˵˭˵ûԸźţС⣬Ҫź٣ٲ⣬ұҪҪŮǵһŮһϾСǵڶڵٲٿˡ
ǲе̫ˣǵڶһͺ㷭ˣСƢã˳ܣټҲ˽ֱ˵ԸҲûзϣֻڶʼɣΪʲô˵Ͼ
ϾҺް˼
үˣҲΪ档С˵д΢΢⡣
ԣ˵ģ롭ʱްûע⼧Сı飬ˣƽʱҲȥ⣬⣬ע⣬ǧҪŶ
ˣϾǸ˹ŮǰǾͼһ档


219 ֮
˹ģӦòүеǸϾɡС˵Ȼ˹ģôܱ㵱ŮأǰֻһûС壬Ӧòᷢ
ҾҲǣǸϾһЩС㻹Ҫһ㣬ҲòһСˣӦͬͬˡްͷ飬ֱӵָ
ŮƾǰݣӵУҲֻҵܵܵƭġ
ްƺѾˣʱ֮ǺϾһģ˵ʱûˣ֮ǵ鶼ܣ˲鲻֪ϾĴڡ
Сʱ죬ʲôƭ
ԴȫۣŲǣԼֺαؽ͸顣
ް뼧С˵һᣬûʲôӦһ˼飬һӿʲôطҪʰģϰߣûжٿ˾ҪʰģȻҲΪȽϴԸϸڷ治ǺעأСЩϸڡ
ͬʱСҲеĶá
СæţͬҲæţæӦһˡ
㣬Ҫްʱһ𣬴˵ʱ⡣
üͷһ壬ͷҲֱ̧ӻصȹ˵ڻԶˡ
СҾһζҡ˵
㻹ûҶֵʸʵ̫ܲ˵
ǰˣһŮŭ㣬Ҳһˣÿ㶼ܸɴľܾʵϣʵʵǲжֵ˼
Ůеû뵽Լ֪ʵ֮󣬵һ鷳Ůסڱϵ鷳Ů
ѩ㻹ǻȥɣûʵӦĶ֣˵һʵûСްܲ˵Ҷ磬ο
ް㲻ҪҪҵĲ㣡ѩްĻֱӿ㡣
㷳ÿ춼ҪһΣ˷ʱ㻹ȥѧѧ似似ʲôʱʸ֣Ǹʱҡü
һһΣÿηѧ㣬Ϲ
ҲҪңʲôʱʸ񣿡ѩʵ

ڳȡǰǿλãʸˣõһǲ˵Ҳȥ㡣˵
Ǹȫ½ʢ£ǿֶǴģȻǿֲһǿˣȴԴǿһȺˡ
ЩֻǺϲģȥսսҲȥμٰĳ
ʸμӵĻҡ
˼˵ȥμӳѩʵ
ܣ˵ȷԼʱǲʱ䣬ûʱĻǾͲȥˣս֣ʱԡ
½ˣϲս߱սֻҪȥսǾͻӦ
ֻμһܴĺô˵ǱȽջ˵ģȻǳ˵ɲνΪ鵽ʲôطᷢС
˵ˣô͵ˣôȥЩα
ȥֻһôǾǽ𡭡
ǾͲ֪˰ɣ½ʮһΣÿζвͬĹУϸĺִ˻籭һʡ
ٰĹңóĽƷʤˣǰʮǿУԽǰ˶ȻԽ࣬ĵȻǹھ
ⲻų£˵˵ȫ⣬˶ǲǶԼ֦

ãһԲμӳʱҪܾҶԡѩתȥͬʱһ仰ܼᶨһ仰
㿴ѩЦЦоһµŮֽڴ½֮ϣʱἼȫ
ȻֻһָоĸоɸֵԤС
ǵ飬ö˶˵İɱˣǾҲ˵㵱ʱǲΪҪȢƶԲŻᶯɱް鱨Ͽ֪ΪʲôѩԹ֮ǰҲˣֻ˵˵žˡ
еһԭ򣡡ȻʱռıСҲǣҲϡ
ҪǣҪڱ͵ϮñأҾԲŹһ
ߣҿǰҪģ˵㵽ϲƶһ㣬Ҷһ㣿ްʳһǼ⣬⣬Ҫһ˾ʲ
ͬʱҪһˣҲԻ˻ش𲻳˶һˣһʵóһҲó
ƶѣ㣬ֻҵСԸϣϲһ㡣
ߣްһȻסֿ
Դˣȫû⣬顭
ϦϦϦҫһʱ󣬼Сͳ˵Ҫˣܸɾʰӣԣ֪ʶĿγ̡
ʰްȻҲʰݡ

㳢˼ڲˣȻһпϵۡ
СԽԽˣȻٻԶˡ

Ȼ⻰˺СȴûֵøˣΪ⻰ʵȷܶࡣ
㲻ϲ鷳ʱԲᶯ֣æֶȥԶҪǺܸߣԼС֮ⷽء
ʵҪֻҪȥУȻʲôʱ˰Ҫֱ仯ˡ
ԸΪǸʱͻʹ࣬ܳԵĶͻԽԽ١
ͳԵһ룬š
ү˹ˡСڿ֮󣬷˾Ȼˡ
ɡҪܾȴԼ޷֮⣬Ǿ˳Ȼɡ
裬ôˣްˣܹȥӭӣ˵ֱۡ
Ϊ㣬иˣԼҲˡ簮һްֻôһŮˣȻҪǰӵ簮
ڿʱܻ㵱ԼĶӣȻ֪ǣȻˡ
Ҳ㣬̲סԭ


220 ˵
Ĳ׼ȥ𣿡˿˵деˡ
ü˵ҲȥңǸǽлȥڴҶѾ˵ˣҲӣˡ
˵У㿴飬ĸ׶Զӵеͷʹûв´Ļ
ûн㵱ˣҲûа취㵱ˣֻҺ㵱ӡ˿ɬ˵ֻǣѾˡ
˵ͨˣ˵һ㣬ֻһð˵ˣҺ޹ϵˣǻԽԼĶӣ
ҪͬˣҵҲѽ飬ң½һ⣬ұݡ
ǣ㲻ҵˣҪľΪҵˡ
֪ܣǾͲҪˣΪʲôҪѰա㵭˵۾ǰ֪Щʲô
Ƭ֮ջ΢΢һЦ˵㻹ްŮһްȻ˱һ㣬³çһ㣬ϲһ㡭
ްʱˣ۾ݺݵض㣬ڳĻѾˡ
˻пɰĵطǸŮӡ
ʶ࣬ްһۣе̵ĸо
Ҹ˼Ҽˣ˰ӣǾŮţǲǽڵźˡ
вУްֱʵ
ܣҿѾͷҲ飬ⲻжΪֱӵػش
ȻжΪ㻹ҪҼ޸˵ˣߣƲҾֱ˵ްĹĵ˵
ҲƲ㣬ͲҪûйϵ£ҾҪ뿪ˣԺûʲôر飬ǲ㲻ػص
ҪȥҲҪȥް˵
ȥȥȥֻҪҾͿԡȫϾްҪͷ
ҸţҾҵ˶ȥ㣬ҾͲ¼仹Ҳˡް죬ǲ˵˵
Ȼ˵ľԲôһǰʧĻԻó˵顣
ʱ˵ܲںػصҪܱҵҾͲˣƿŪһңǻǵڻûҵˡ
òѾһУռһ룬ȫ¡
ߣ
ô֡ΣҲ¶΢΢Цݣһ˵ˣ˵°ɣͳϯһɣվֻԶҲԣ˵ԿֻкôǶѾˣضҪߡ
΢΢üشãȥ
Ϊʲôȥгкȣרͣ飬˵ȫ⣬һ᲻ҵ˼ǵ飬飬Բı䣬ҵһиȻıע⡣
̣ã֮ȻǺǰûзֱ𣬸ôô
Ҫȥ֮ǰ㻹Ҫһ¡
ȵҰѷ꣬Ȳ˿ߡӣŸոձϵ͡
ȥеǶԣ㻹ʲôް˵
Сģ˵ˡصϲ˷ʳҲϲ˷ѱĽ
һ仰üСøոյæֵˡ
ðɣֻҪһᣡް˵仰˸ее㲻⣬ոȻ˵վڳԶ֪ԶҲǴıĺ۰ԼĺӣЩȴֻŮǲ֪
ܿ죬֪ԼŮ˵仰˼һᣬϻдʳȫʧĿС
С죬ʰһ£һȥֵط԰ҵסܶ鷳ʰļС˵
С쿴е㲻⣬ʲôҿ԰㵲ס鷳ȻȻǵͷ׼ʰȻһȥ
ʱްܺʵС㵲ʲô鷳
㿴ް˵ĸ߹ӳϯֳϣȻȫŮΪ㵹ʱ˵˹ұ٣Ǿ鷳ˡ

ȥˣްֱССһ¡
ﶯֶŵģơްĽȫûиκʹȻǸ顣
ߡްǲмߡ
ܿ죬Сʰóһͬǰң˳ͬһ⵱Ȼ˵˼Ҫ࿴㡣
֮ѾʼҾеȻСͷܶģᵱȻΪ㼸˵ĵͻȻͣҶæŸԵĽʣſڽҲ࣬ҲעͻȻ߽ĸˡ
ֱ֮ǰڷžˮʳĵطްһ𣬵ȴߣȥкŮͣϾŮˣٵͲˣôܼһ
ߵʱްһ䣬ҪˣüС쿴ţСﰵ⻹˵ϴε¼˭ˡ
ް֮󣬳ȥ㣬˵ܶˣ˺ң⣬Ƕʳǰȥұ˽顣
㲻ұˣ˲
ްʱ򣬿һŮţԣӦ˵ǸŮŭ㣬ǲˬȴȫŮŮڣƳʳ
λС㣬ʲôطģް̹ȥֳ֪Լôȥ
ֻŮȴûްĻֻǿ㣬ð
ʲôҸʶĪĹұٴڨ֪˰ɣٵĿ˵ɧű٣С߶ס˵һƼ˰ɡ
Сô£ްʵ
Ҳ֪ô£ֻ֪үúõģλСͻȻܹ˵ҵɶСӣαСҪÿɶСӡү˵Ҳʶ㣬߿Сػ
ιŮˣģҶȰˡް̱һ飬Ů˵


221 ٴ
ģҺ˹ʲô£Ůûпްֱӻص
ްʱȥŮӳȥСѾʵλС㣬᲻ϴˣˡ
СĻްŮΪԼܵ񣬶ԼĵܵܣеԼܵǰµ鷳
ǣްҲͼСһȴŮĻش
Ůһ£Ȼ˵ˣҵүҲֻ֪֪ˣеʱǽġ

عͷ˿Ůϸؿ
еӡʲôطٵģ
֮ǣŮݺݵ˵
֮ǣ˴꣬ʵ̫ˣŮͬҲǺܶ࣬뻹һʱ벻
ǵü㣬ڲҪˣüǣ߿ҪƼȡ
벻飬ѡٽһǲҪģֺαȥ
㡭ãܺã㲻ǵңҲҪǰɣԣҲҪҲҪҪֻҪƻҵ飡Ů֮£˵еˡ
ްŮӦǷİɣôֱӶް˵ԵŮĴڡ
ţҾҲǣҪȥѵһôʲô˶ԷŽްͷ
ǡްҵС㣿Ů뷢쭣ͻȻްĳƺС㣬ĿǰɲܵΪҽöģôܿҵĴС㡣
ǱС㣬СûպŮ˵˰ϳȥ˵ް˵óóϾȥ˰Ůϳȥ
ʲôˣ뿴ʲô˶仹ŮˣŮ
ŮҪ˵ʲôʱһеλеǽ
ӡ
ƾ֣Ҳ˶֪˭ԣڴҲ֪ڽ˭ΪڳĹӵǣ˭֪ڽĸӡ
ʱȴӦʲô£
Ҷ̶Ǵƭ˵ҪƵҶС㡣
ԶԣǸڽ׻Ϻ۵Ҷ̶ʱǰŮ˭ֲ˵㡣
Ҷ̶Ǹ˿СҶС㣿˵ʱްƺҲˡ

Ҳ̫ˣһ˻˵ùȥ˸ǣȻѽܣͬԸ񣬽øɸɾ
ȵȣ˭㹫ӣ
ʱް뼧С򷢳ķǸǿһŮ
ŮްֱԻǵãֻǡ
Ͼްɻ
ǸϾ˹Ǹ𣿡Сʵ
ްͷ˵ԣոڽǲˡ
ҾãǶûȷǽүΪӡС˵
ţͬʱԷ˵ѵ˵˵ģ
ոյϾǳģΪӵԲּ˾Ϳ׺ӵģֹϵе㸴ӵģȽ׽ģпܾŮԼϲƺġ
ҲǶһİ˵İ˲˵ͬʱ˸оǧ֮⣬ոҶ̶ˣ˶Ҳһ䡪߿
Ͼͬ˿ȹμģոΪ˿˵УҪõʳ;ˮ˿ȣ͹û뵽Ҷ̶Ҷ̶
оһﰵӰǼôȻҲܰ˸ˡ
Ǹоһ˷ܣǸˣû뵽Ź˼죬һοԼĹӣΪܾúܾá
ӣôͬʱϾҲ֣ΪʲôҺҵСϤ
ǰȻ˵ΪݳȻΪ˱ʾ𾴹ңҹ֪Ҷ᲻Ȥԡ
ƺʳܸȤԾ͹˰ɡϾӻ֪˵ӣôҵطȻĻãҲ԰Сһ¡
ϾĻţ˻ỳ仰ʵԣϵҶ̶ͲĻҵĵλȻƭ˭
ǸүҲȻĵزһڴţ
飬ҲοҲϲܸɴؾܾ
Ͼû˻Ѿ֪ˣҲϲǿ㣬Ϊ˿˿ȣҲһᣬȻҲΪȥǿ˿ȡ
Ȼ㲻ϲҪȥǰ˲Ǹ𣿡Ҷ̶ʵ
ʱҲᣬкôҸϲȻǰˡֱӵ˵
ߣƣҶ̶ߵȻת뿪㲻֪֮Ĺϵ˭ܿްϵǳʱȥ㣬鷳
㹫ӣʲô£㲻ϲңңͬһеί˾Ǹո˵ϲĿ˿ȡ
ƺ˿ʼעˣ˿ֿˣ͹Ҫкû뵽˵Ǿ仰
Ҳϲ
˿Ȼ۲ǺںŮеģϣҶϲɴ˵ϲеίԼûеġ
ΪʲôҪ˵Ļ
ϲǲϲᣬԼĸоûɣͬģҲûκιϵ㡣ص

仰һȻŷӦǻûĻоʣһʱûзӦ
ܶ˶ΪʲôϲΪʲôϲⱾһܴ⣬ϲͲϲһָоܶ˶˵ΪʲôȥϲΪʲôֲϲ
ʱЩ˻˵һ·һ£Щǻȥ룬˵Լ֪Ĵ𰸣ȫԼĸоûϵĴ𰸡
Ĵ˵һ𰸣ȴʵĴ𰸡


222 ֻǳٶһ

˿û˻Ļشָȥ
ϾҪæȴ֪޷æ˽Ը˵ʲôʲôҪıĸоֻеԼ˵Ļûõġ
˻Ϊ˸ıĸоȥһЩ
ᣬ˵˿ǲΪԼĸоһЩر飬ȥıжԼĿΪ˵ֻһʶˣû˻Ϊ˽ʶˣȥʲô顣
㹫ϲϲңȷ㹫Լ飬ҲǿϲңҲңûҪܶĽΪҸл㹫ӡ˿Ҳûֻǿ׵˵
лܸɴػص
Ҿиˡ˿üͷȻ˵
ˣ

˿ȿһ㣬е㸴ӣҪʻסˣת֮ǰ̲ס˳㹫ӣ㲻ϲңǲΪϾ飬ǹҵûаԼȥǹڰռߣ
˵ںƭ˵ģеںĿںϾĸоһһϾ˵ǰźźĺܸܵоϾĲȫĵĸǰͬˣϾлһӣСͬҪλá
˵⹫ҪСҪһ㣬ֹһ㡣
Žᣬ˿Ҳ¸ԼϾᡣ
Ҳɣֻش֣ΪҲ˵£ԼǲΪϾ˿ȣԿ϶Ǵ˿յ֪ͨȴֲˣϢһʱ򣬾Ϳʼе㲻ϲ˿ȡ
пΪϾҲпΪ˿˿ȵ̬ȣԼӣҸ֮Ϸ
Ȼ㲻Լ£ȴĻͻܲˬ
ԭС˵ڰϾ㣬᲻Ĺۣ˿ʱ۾ǿ㣬Ͼ˵Ҫ֪ǣϾʲôӦ
Ͼ۾һܿһȻͷ֪Щʲô
һÿ˿ȸеʧ䣬֪ϾǺԸҲθ㣻һоԼȫûеλģ˼ɵԼ
ţӦ
Ĺۣ㵭˵ֻǻøᣬһζûеĻʲôʸȥϾɡ
ӿ˿ȵΪԣԿ̽Ͼÿ˿ȱ֮ǰˡ
ףѵΪϾѵ˵ѾܽϾˣİˣ֮ǰΪȥжϵֻΪģԼҪģ
ˣˣ˳Ȼô
㲻ӱʲôݸ飬һȥԣȥϧҪᣬ鲢Ů֮飬ֻһͺеĸ顣
ҡ
仰һˮڿ˿ȵͷϣ㯵ˣΪʲôԼҪȥ̽ԼΪʲôϾԼһ𳤴ģһζԸĻԼ˭
ҲΪԼĲΣһԼԶݸ飬ԼϾĵλ䡣
ʵֻǶʼϾ̬ȣÿ˿Ȳ֪вһֶʼɣԼϾʮĸ飬Ȼֻȣ硣
֮Ͼ㣬ҽѧϰʱ򣬿˿ȽʱʱὫС㺰˹ӡ
ôöʼɣίΪϾһƫ
ã֪ĵˣ֪ԼԺȥ޲ԼĴ
ϾԲ˵ĶԣӦɣ֪˽İס㣬ֻ޷ԼĲܣҽѾԽ˺ܶˣһܳɫҽʦһֱֻ֪ǴûȥӹӦԼһƬա
˿ȵ棬Ҳϣ˿ûп׵˼
Ҿ;㲻ôᡣͬϵ˵

ι˼˵廰ʲôϾû˵
ϾĻʱĻҪѡԺԵģڿſ˿ȣеãеʹ࣬е㡭
ʮĸ飬ΪϾ׷𣿲ܣΪԼܡ
С㣬ҲҪҪź㣬ѧҽֻҵİãҵ׷źǲǡϾܼ˵ͬʱ˵ǣ㣬Ⲣǿ󣬶Ҫġ
ź㣬ҲҪģֻ˶һҪôһ죬˿һжãͬʱźˣ˵ߡ
Ͼ˿ʱȫ֪ϾĿֻץϾ֣һӡ
ⲻ˵жˣϾжˣӶϾҪңԺҪϾõ뷨
С㣡Ͼſ˿ȵ֡
ⳡ棬˾øжްС춼һжĳ棡
Ů˰׸жһС¾ϹжӰ챾ʳԶһ𣿡㲻г𣬽ȫɢ
һֻްû˵
ӣǱֻǳٶһ㡣ϾΪ⡣
Ͼǲǹġ
ǵģǳٶۣٶ۵ް˫ץļ忿ֱЦš
ްʲôЦôģʱ˫˫һ֣ʻȴģ⡣
޹أްֱӻصϲ˵ʱҪ˵飬ԼЦ㻹ԣ˾ͲС
⿴ްڿϵӣü˵ްôǰһ㣬ӳɺͳ
ϲҸˣܡްû뿪㣬ĸ
ҲϲҲˣ֣ɺͳ仰Ȼ˵ģȻҲ˵
仰ˣ㱾ˣڳԶſϣôô԰
֪ԣްȻó˼ſ㣬ȻʢʳģʾĲˬ
ֻǣ飬֮ã
Ҫʳ


223 
ˣǼģҸطȾơһʳƿƣһӣӼһ㣬˾úܲ˼顣
ԵĲˣҪƷСãֻСôҶúա
ᣬȻϢͳһĵطȥС
⣬ҿˡްģЦ˵Ȼ͸뿪
ϾҲȥɣһʱ̫ˡ˿ȶϾʱӦǽϾʱø㡣
ȥˡϾͷ˵Ҳ֪ʱĿ˿ȣҲҪźţ˿Ҫ̸飬Ҳﲻϡ
ͿްŮǲ֣Ҳֻް
ްʲôҸող˵ˣǼǸ⣿
ʲôһͿˣϲģֲң˿֪ˡް̻ص
ǣСҡҡͷϲģصعкȻҲ֪ǲϲ㣬ǾԲϲĵġ
ܣÿ˶˵ϲģô᲻ϲأް˵
˵㿴ڵӣǺϲһ𣿡㿴˵ȫ֪ھ˵ǡ
ްȥʱϸȥ˸ȫֻ֮ͨĸоֻӦ⡰˵˵˵ʱ򣬻᲻⿴ߣԼߡ
˵һҲֻǱӲ˵һ˲ûжԶԷʲô˼
ѵϲǸŮӣңްɻ
Ҫ֪ǲǺܼ򵥣Ҹ˴̼һ¾֪ˡ㲻ػص
ô̼ްǺʵ
Ҹˣһ㣬˾Ϳԡһھƣܲε˵
ް䲻εĻ֮󣬾̿㣬вûĸоһֹâ
ȻڼȾƣûںްΪܿ죬Ͳòȥע⣬ΪްͻȻ˫Ȼһǡ
Ҹˣҵġ
ȻڰȴԼ˫ް˫һ𣬷ѾˣǶһһʲôϵ
һߵϾ뼧С춼С΢ţͻȻһ˷
ϴҶæŸԵ飬߱ȽƫƧϢ棬Կ˲Ǻܶ࣬ûж˿š
ûжˣûˣע⵽ˣͬްʱҲעˣĵľȣŭ⣬Ǹӵı飬С
ļһﻹпϲңİ취ȻЧܿ죬ްͿ
ȿȣôﶼǾơ
ϻںȾƣҲϣԳɡû˵
ôһ㣬ɴԣ
ƣ㲻ģҲˡص
ڵްڱǺţ˵֮ϣ˫ֱĲӣҪȾжȣȫҪһĶͿԴﵽ̼˵Ŀġ
ްȴЦ˵ҾûȻιȾưɡ
Щ㶼ѧģеʵ
ްش翴ǱǸˣϲһһιԼİ˺ȾƣܵĶ
ʱ˵һ仰òǿԣðɣ
Ͼ뼧СʱҲ̫˰ɣȻ̼ˣ̽ˡ
Ͼڲŷ֣ԭԼӼС˵Чǰ֪ԼĹʲôڶһԸС㣬˵Ľ̫ͷʹˡ
֪Ժӻ᲻ȢҪĻǾ͸ͷʹˣҲڴһʲôӵġ
ްûаǱŮιƣ⵱ȻΪߣô˵ǰιҲΪڵĳϲʣԼСŮ˲Ӧ顣
Ϊʱ˵ıϣް˵ްûûСôУҵġ̫ү߳СҲ
仰ʵްעıݣһܴ
ӣô̫үϾȵҲϢˣһоֹʳ⡣
˭ʶʶģΪϢ𺳣ҪǻСĻͻô£֮󣬵Ȼϵȥ׹ϵȻõϵı
ңͻȻһСľͳǵĳⰡ㲻ں˵

Ҳ˵壬Ǽ޹صС£͵Ҷһݡ㿴ϾӣͿ˵
Ŷ֪ˡϾͷǹɣ¼Ȼ˵޹أǾ޹ˡ
㣬⻰ʲô˼ֿԲںС𣿡⿴еŭ˵Ҳάҵϣ뱻ӡ
⣬ᣬԶһ㡣ް֮ǰֱӵض˵
⿴ް˵֪˵Щʲô
ްҪ˵ʱٲ죡Żϵް˵ĵȻްߡ
⣬Сһһ壬ֱǴСĻһʱ벻ҲǴˣܿף仰˼ָں¼κεļ壬ȻĴС
ϲͽ̫үϲͽ㣬Ҳںҵһݣϲ˾ֱ˵ްֳٶ۵СĻ֪ϲ֪ҲѾˣѾûϣˡ
˵һӣдӣҸҪԼȥ׷ģϵģϲһ˾Ҫ󵨵˵ͺĪˣ

̣ʵǲһˣ
ңЦҲŲῴСѾͷֱӵ˵һ㣬ްͺݺݵص㡣
˵һԶԵػ
ֻѾϱˣ˭бٳ˼˰أģҲɣٲ棡


224 ֮
ߣްһ̬
Ͼ뼧СѡĬĬҲһֱ̬޳оʾˣе΢죬Ҽҹӣү̫˾ò˼ˡ
ѡ񲻰٣ٲ⡣ҪģһȻڵӡ
Ұ㣬㲻ңһᰮ㡣ްı׾˵ֱӣ˵ĸɴ࣬㣬ļϣһҸ˵š
ˣǲһ𣡡
Ļްȫᣬᣬֻʱټˣ÷
ްǼˣСؼҡ㲻Щ˾ЩȫԼ飬Լͽȥʲô
Ҫߣްʵ㲻𣿡
ȣѾˣҲˣҲˣҲˡ㽫ްŵλϣȻ׼뿪
ðɣȻȥްûз㣬Ϊ֪㲻ϲĳϣҲֻǳԵ㶫ͱ˵
֪첻Լĸ׹ȥǾԲμᣬҲ֣Ϊʲôǲġ
֣е֡
Ͼ˹Сһȥɣ㿴ϾͷͼԺټˡ
ţټϾͷӦֻе㲻ᣬҲû˵٣Ҫֱ
ϣһμһô죡
⿴ȥȻȥֹͲ뿪ǱԼĸ飬һ˵̼ˣҲܰô
ͬʱңҲܶôΪ̫үǱģٱ
ǿ㣬еĽҲ뿪ⳡϣΪ⣬ҵĹϵ޷˵߾ߣȫں˵Ŀ
ҵƺҪߵ˼ϻ˶ڴſˣʲô
ֻҲûȥ˶ѾˣѾܲˣ㻹ǿòСȫãһ𵽷ЧĽ
ҵĿҲܼ򵥣ֻҪ㾭ϯҵᣬϣڱҲҵģٶԱ
ֻǲ֪ԸȫһٺôҲǰãıԼĳԣ鷢
С죬ס뿪֮ʵڻûʹС֪ʲôˣʲôģڳеǸҲ֪
ڳǶļңҸ֪߳ġСӦ
ЦЦû˵ˣԼרҲרóֲԼݳЩרҵʿ᲻֪
ܿڵȺŵС콫ԼҸ߳򣬽ҲŽᣬбűߡ
һ·޻ڳ棬ֱ֮ųȴֻͨĵСĿȥ㿴ҵſҲûж˵ʲô
صУ͡ҩ˯ÿϰߡ
һȥˣڶ峿깦ϴ裬ͼʱȴһŮվԺ
ʲôûʲô̸ģ뿪ƽ˵һ䣬ȻݰĴΣԺ￴飬ȫվһߵŮ
ҽ֮飬ֻҪӦһ£ǼҾͲ׷Ů˵
飬ͷҲû̧˵֮ûʲô£ǸһǹҪͰǹҡ
ҪŮѩѩȻ˵˵ŮҶ̶Ǹ˵ŮٴҪһسӵŮ
һκ˿˿ȣôû£֪ΪʲôɣֻҪΰӮ˿˿ȣǾˡҶ̶˵΢е
Ҳ֪ΪʲôҶ̶˿֮ìܵĴڣʶĿʼͿʼʲôҪһ¡
˵ʲôҲ֪Ҫʲô㲻Ҫңȴȫ֪Ҷ̶˵ʲô˵ΪʲôҶ̶˿ȵĳΪʲôȫ֪Ҳȥ֪
ô᲻֪㲻ҵ̫ү𣿡Ҷ̶ŵ˵
˭֪ģԴе棬˵Ҳ˵Ŷԡ
˭֪ΪͻȻһС̫үһû𣿡Ҷ̶е㲻ˣΪ㵱ɵϣǻ϶Ѿ֪
֪֪һֱܾңԣҪҵݣȥ˵ĻǾҴˡҵ飬ûκιϵҪҵĻҡػص
ʲôܾңôôҾӵһУ㻹ܾҶ̶һ˶ķӦ˶ʵ⡣
Уʲô壬ΪʲôԼû
ܾǾܾЩ޹أֻҪ֪ǰ׷ѹԺйҵ飬ҪҡصȻͽſ顣
Ҷ̶ĬһᣬȻʵ᲻ƭңǲǲңһһ˿ȣ
㣬ȫҶ̶ĴڣŲ˷ѶĿˮϻŲš
㵹˵㵽װ˭Ҷ̶ӣ̲ס

ӡ
Ҷ̶Ȼˣ벻ôҲûã˼Ҳǲʱ˿ҲˣĻϾ
ԴˣüȻϾ˵ϾԼ
ˣȫӵ֪ľҲ֪˶ΪԼġ
޷ǾҪ⣬Һ˵Ĵ̣ļҲ޷ģҺǴ档
Ҳ࣬ҵĲƲԼ⣬һҪÿһʱ䣬ҾͻῴˣȻǰĴ˻ԵĻȻʹá
һεĴ˾˹壬ᣬѰһ˵ᡣ
ڣö˵Ҳ֪Ҷ̶˿㣬ҪĹϵҵĴˡ


225 δ޵ĵ
½ϣܶ˶ҵĴˣӴҵеһֲҵⲢ˵ҵĴ۲
ʵҵĴˣûж󣬲һҪ֤Ҫ׬ǮܶΪûдﵽ׼˿
ǾǿһΪҾһӣȻⷽ׬٣ȴ׬ܶܶࡣ
ʥ۹ĵһ壬Ҳ½ĵһ壬ʥ۹ڴ½˿ɼģȻų˼Ӱм壬û˻Ƚϵġ
Ҫǣһʥ۹Ȩģܴʹʥ۹ĹٷԳΪҵĴˣںܶ෽Եõĺô
˵üһ㣬ǹٷҲǹ٣˿ȴ˹壬Ҷ̶Ҷңˡ
̹ᣬſԴ棬ˣǹ̺
ڵǣֻһȴкܶ࣬ǰкܶˣ˵
κһҪĻҲǰδˣ԰ɣδ򣡡һ벻ȴ֮е˵ˡ
һŮһԺӣǰȻס㣬һܵӣ
鱻Ůѹ棬ȴûƿŮֻǽȻͷŮı󣬼ţȫŮӵ
ϣδԳƵģֿͬʱŵŮֻһǾǡ
١٣Ҷ̶˿ȶȵؿűŮһһϱסŮ
ڲ˵ѾˣСͿԺܳͷسɾһҵСǰѾԤδˣȻǰҡϣعͷһԺ˵
Ҷ̶˿ȣϾŮûзΪģǲ֪ȥѾ˵ֹһˣȻ˵ʲô
˵˵ĿȫҪԼ˵ǲǣ
ŮھȵĿˣǵľȴֲͬ뷨Ȼͬһ£
Ҷ̶˿룬ʲôʱδ򣬶Ͼ͸ոպ෴ֹʲôʱδޡ
٣ҲҪǾ𣿡㿴飬ʵ
ǰҽǴټҺҵĴȨǸ˵𣿡ڻشͬʱҲһ⡣
ûУ
һ֪ôˣҲ£Ҳûйϵ֪ˡٵĻҲڳŮȡ
ΪҲҪ׹ϵģû뵽Ȼ˵㲻֪Ҫϵ˵
ͬʱٵĻҲôҾãҲδޣȻô֪㲻֪£Ըô˽⣬⻰˼Ҳǲ㣬ΪЩ鷳
ţҲ£޹ءͷ
֪ڣҪҴǧѰƶǶ˵㣬Ȼûôʾ֪ǵ㣬Ҫ¸鷳͹ˡҲѾֵúܴû뵽һҪһȥǣǱ֤һ;˷ܣٶ˵ܼ򵥵Ĵ⼸Ů˼
Ȼ򵥣ٳԴףŮ˼ǿҵĴ֪㣬ֻҪ򵥵ľͿˣȫٽһġ
ǣҲﳤģһ£߼Ҿ뿪㿴˿ǰЩŮԼľ޿ܻ⣬ѾʼҪһǰ
εʵҪвķӳõЧ
ȥĸ䣬׼ʧٶãʵʵģͬʱҲЩŮ⡣
֪˵ǲǿˣۡѵ
֪ˣǶһ²𣬾֪˼ҡٿ˵ţǶҲܿʹȻ죬ȴһֺ͵ĸо
ˣ㣬ǲǺҵС㷢Բδ޵飿վʱ򣬾ʵ
ûУص
ôˣ㲻֪ҸδޣһӾͱˣ׷ô¡ٶЦЦ

̸Ҳ֪ҲϯҲ֪סҲϣдЩ˵ģĴ֮һȻϯֻʱ̫ˣҪ̸Ҳ࣬ûпҲڡ
٣飬ûȥް˵Щʲô˵ȫҪϲ˵ʲô˵ʲô
ˣǮСҰ򷢣ȻĻͻֱӽӳȥټ˵Ҫ򷢵Ҷ̶˿ȣ֪㲻Ը⿴Ҳϲ˷㡣
˵Ǿ仰Լӳȥ£˵ҲûҶ̶˿Ҫ㣬ŪˣͻὫӳȥ
˿ȣ̶ǻ߰ɣҪ˷ʱ䣬ǣȥϵκһڡٶ˵
Ҷ̶٣ɵǲߣԼһոջ˵δޡ
Ҹո˵ҪĻǰܻΪЩȥ鷳οң̫Ľر鷢ȻԲı
仰һڳļŮе㾪ȣֻƾżԻ֪뷨֮ǰ˵Ļûʲôʵǹ˽ġ
Ͼȴ־ֻҪ빫һˣͻ˽Ը֪Щȫ⣬λƶĽǧѰһ֪ƶ˵֪Щµ̬ȡ
ǲҵĻǽǾһ뿪ԺһȿԼලûףҲǿԹƽٺܴ󷽵˵
㣡㹫ӣʹˣȸˡ˿˵ȻϾһ뿪
̶һ𣿡ٿҶ̶û뿪ʵ
ãҶ̶˵仰Ҳ뿪ˡ
ˣǶˣҲҪˣһ˰Ŀ顣ιΪ˿㣬ĿĴﵽˣҲ뿪ˡ
ˣܼ򵥵˵֣ԣѾ㹻ˡ
ţٵͷת뿪
뿪ʱٻͷ˵סǾ仰Ҫʳԣ
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ѩԼЩˣѸʩһħЩʱסҲ̰ſ϶ߡ
һΣһŴˣֻмԭռ˴󲿷֡


228 Ե
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Դֻһ仰еĸܡ
Ե֣


229 ˵ط
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ոյǾ仰ҪǴȥǻںڰ
Ҳ󷽳ֵҪԭ򡭡


230 뻢
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ٲԣܴ뿪ѪȵĶٲϲѪĳ棡Ϻһᷳı顣
ֱֻ˭֪СǷӣҪ˵ѪȣСӾԲȱ˲ɵѪ塣
ˣֻҺ֪Ϊʲôǻôôҵȫնɱز׷ɱ֮˲ΪԼϣѣ˫ʵ̫ˡ
֪һˣҲ㡣ӵͳһԲⷽ˵һúЩ˷ϻЩ¶ܣԲ׸߱ˡ
һ֮ˣҲһ
ܶ˶ϲΪ˵һЩܣЩϴȴϲźڰĸɴ
Ǹɵ
ϴһ֣һȺСܾͳǰ֮ǰоõ׷ûսʼĺܿ죬ͻȻսǳһʱ䣬Щ˶ǾӢ͵ҪɱȻҪһЩۡ
ȺСҲǾӢСܣȻҲҪĳϣ˶ƣĴ۲Ǻܴûֻ˶ѡ
ʰʰо֣ˣҪǺͷ˵£
ʰһ£СǾˣ¼ϴ￴ѩ
٣ܲǿѩһڴ˵
ϴ㲻ǰɣ㾹Ȼߣ㣡ȺûȫߵС̴
ʲôУȻϴȿֵǣһһϴ𣿡ֱ׳˵
СһƬ
ϴϴ󣬿£Ȼҷź򣡣
ͬиͬŮһ𿴣С˿ûõ˼һͬ˵ţòѾǷһˡ
ڰ˾µʱ򣬻һ˿ƽʱʱ򣬾ʲôЦҿϴҲӡ
ȻҲҪõϴ
ѩ򿴵棬һʱ֮תոջǺĳ棬ôͻȻ֮ӣǺڰ
˵ûɣ˶Ǻɫ֮ͽװˣҪǲҪˡĻѩˣԭ֮ǰ˵Щˡ
ʲôܣӲӦ
ܿѩȻˣֻ뵽⣬һȺ¼Ҫսԭ򣬼ȻսȻҪܶܵ
սҪ·ͨõĵֽзȻ·ֻҪ֪Ϳԣõʽܵš
ĵطһԵͬͬʱҲ͵Ϯɱĺõطܵ鲼Χĸ㡣
ǸոЩ˵ķϢɵЩͻȻֵԭ
УסͥԺܵģǴŻأԾոûкڰ˳֣Ҳ׽Щ׷׷ٶҲһҲӳ졣
֮ѩһʧİȫС飡
ѩûгֻǱֱۣıţСӣǰЩ˶ʲô
߿˵ǽЩ齻㣬һΪ
ѩǷٵѣ㲻ҪǣǷٵˣǶҲӺŬؽԼ˵һ޺ʿ
˵Ҫ£ģѩ˵ڰӵĻܿģֻΪм˵ˡ
٣ͲˡѩйϵûиߴңôҼѩĿԣ̫˼ˡӿ
ǲǵ۹ѩôģһСһ
ﲻܸǿȻʲô¶óҪҪǾػʹ
УǲŲȥʹֱӱȥʹ뻢ڣ
ǲͣѵͰٻһûһҪ뿪ͷѵҪ˻ؼҡ
ȿȣɢ˰ɣӿԵԺеǻѩʲô
źܿģЩ˾ʧˣʱһٶȡ

ʱЩľ¼ң˵ʧʧӵӰ٣


231 һ
߰ɣػʹ
ֻо˾ȵףͷ͵;Ͽɲʲôϰߡ
ţѩһֱȴľ仰ĵصͷ
ǲˣʹǲǶ֪ڻûߵʱͻȻһѩ
ţӦû֪Ҳҿ϶ǷûСѩش
ĻֱʹҲʡ֪һ˵һѩ򲻶ĻʲôֱͽʹΪѩе⡣
ֻ㽫ѩţȻѩȥ¥һܳУѡһ˽ȥ
ȥһ֪һԷмŵĴ󴲻˵£ﻹɸɾģƺס
㣬ڲӦѩһ죬ĵط˺һ£ҪѩгԽϵΪ
ӦʲôŶɫŮˣ뵽ʲôطȥˣô𣿡˵㣬ҪҶӣٿǴꡣ

ѩͷͨ졭
ҲûѩһյڵƵ棬ڵһ£ǽڳһѷ죬ѺֱֿͬеСš
ɣҵĹС㡣΢Ц
ţѩǵͷǹɡȻְⷿе㾪ȣȴҲģһʩҲǾеġ
ֻǣѩ֣ΪʲôҪԼĵط
Ȼ£Ҳȥʲô㣬ȫȫţ䱸Ľڵܵ
ܵӣҲѾ˵˰ɣ
ţһյˮƣͬʱҲ֪ǲѩͣ£ѩʼ˵
ţǵһЩõģǵսıҲΪһҵĵطѩػ
һЩϣﻹǱȽ˽ģ
Ϊսսȴһֱûٵһƽ
ƽͱʾЩܵκˣǻᱻ˷֣˷֮󣬾ͻ˿ʼãܵģЩܵĵĿȫǣĵûʼþȫá
ЩܵˣȻЩǷˣǼ˵飬ͱ˶˺ڰۼĵطͨ˶ᵽĵطؾͱܵĵش
۹Ҳûκεİ취ҪҪܴĴۣһһϵеĻ
ҪǲЩ˺ڰͨͻɢȥɵĻҪضˡ
۹ڶĴʽ˿һʲô紵ݶٵķӦ
򵥵˵۹һ͵ļΣ
Щ飬۹Ҳ֪
㲻֪ڼǰһǿˡܵŵĵزеˮϵͳһ𣬻ܵѾͨ˴ﵽеÿһطƽ˵˵һԼ޹ϵ飬ԣⱾ޹ء
˭ô£˶֪Ϊʲôµ۹һ㶼֪ѩĻ޻ɣȴ龹ȻѾмˡ
·ͬʱһ߻ش֪˲Ǻֻܶ࣬мϴ֪۹ܻ֪£һֱܣ˭ҲԼܸ߱ˣ˭Ҳ˵ǿˣ
ǿˣ֪ǿˣأѩеû˵
ǿ˰־ǽǿˣ

˭Ļǿˣ˾Ȼ֡
ˣ£Իеܲˣ֣ʱݸѩһòƿֵĶ
ʲô
ǹһûȥˮζܵ˵ġƽ˵
أѩ򿴵ûţ͹ĵʵ
ҲҪˣҿԳʱ䲻˵ֵطҲȥһˡ㲻ػش
ţ˵ѩˮµһĻе㷢յĸо
̫ĻΪ֮ǰΪ̽·˺üΣ֪񣬶Ҫ³еˮ
ѩҪ֪Ļ֪ΪôҿĻͻеʹͻᡭ
ܵд˺ܾãתһ߹һİţÿת䣬ÿһŶصһѩ
Բģѩס·ԴѩȻףȻ֪ʲô˼Ҳ˳˼ס·
ѩ˵Ǻѣ㲻˵ҲӡֻҪʱ߾ͻ
һ·ϹѩҲ˵ζʲô˼
ˣѩ¹ȥɣ˵ڰ·ϾѾѩ޹ʲô֣ʱѩȻҲǺܲһˡ
˵ѩ¹Ǿǽ˻ʹĵ򣿡ѩȵ
ţǻʹĵ򣬵ǿҲھһֱܵͨʹˮʹˮ࣬ﲻʲôͿʡ˵
Ҫȥѩĵһ⣬·ж֪ҲǲԺȥ˵Ҫ⡣
һ£ȻҲ벻ѩҲشѩӦһشɣ
ȥУطҲ˵ԺҲ֪ȥ沨ˡ
ѩֹڹ˵ܴܲߣҲΪδɱѾɹ
ܣ򵥵֣ûκνͣҲûκء
֪ˡѩ¶ʧʧ䣬ȴֻнѾµĽ
һȣȺٴμ棬ʱϣϲңܴ뿪ʹѩ˵仰ʱǼᶨ
ɣԺ飬ұ֤
ȥɣʱӦû˵ģˣҲӦ˵
ԣ֮ǰһʹȻô˽ô࣬Ȼһѩ¹ֻ˳˽ʹ
ţѩͷ
סˣԺʲôⷢĻʹ·ӻ֮ǰͥԺʥ֮ȫĵطκһطͬʱҲѰ˵·ֻ֪Ҫκˣ
ѩ⻰֮󣬴һᣬ㷢
ܿ죬˶ס㣬ס˫
һǣڰĵط


232 ðС
ѩڸжţĻ֪ǹİΣ
ţδɱȻ㶼ûԭûʾҲ֪ѩĴǺܰȫڻʹҲһ
ţڵһ·һȫ·
ţһΪ
СɫŮôɫǿǱ٣ѩ֮󣬾˵һѩߵĻͬʱҲһƻյĻ
ѩĬ
ˣ飬͵ûзҪκ˵𡣻ԺҪһ˳Ȼ⡣Ҳȥμӳ˳㿴˵е飡Ц˵
ţ֪ѩĻϲصͷ仰ڸȥȻе㳤ܱʲôûеҪá
ȥɣٵȥͻѲ߶˵
ţһҪСһ㣬һ㣬۶Ҷȣѩᶨ˵ȻתȥûĻӦҲõĻӦ
΢΢һЦҡҡͷеɬҲû˵ʲôת뿪
ƵĻ棬˷Ļ棬űԽԽԶ˵ľԽԽ˶ûлͷ
ѩûлͷΪں£Լһ̲ס㣬Լ̲סȥȴ֪Լ
Ȼһ̣¾Ҫ㣬֪ԼҪ㣬ͱ붮ʲôʱ֣ȻͲһӲ
һΣȻǷֿˣоԼľ˺ܶܶࡣ
꣬ϣԼԲĺ
ѩص޹ҸУǻЦǱŮУе֣ʲôԼĹ
ֹ֣ĵȴ⣬ǡ
һȥˣǵˡ
ֻڻʹй䣡ѩ˵Ȼ΢ЦŽԡңŮûжʲôⲻǿԶʵģȥ·źѩԡ
һѩҪĺܶ࣬˸е֣ޱ׷˺ü죬ѩĻصһ
ûʲôֻöѣ
һʧ˺þõ飬ʵȻ֪ǲҲᱻֺ֪οôʱ䡣
ʵʹѩѩֻ˵Լ̰棬ڻʹŴҡ
ѩ˵Ϊ˵飬Ӧ㲻˵⣬Ϊ˵ʵ˵˭Ҫ
ԺֻԶطصѧԺٻǸԼˣͲΪġ
ʵ֪ѩҲû̫⣬ѩʱˣ˷ʲô£ֻǵһ˽Ϊ
ȻʵҲǳˣѩԺҪжҪŻ
Դˣѩͷ˵֪ˡ
飬ܵ飬ѩûжκһ˵𣬾ǰޱҲû˵ֻܣһ㹲ͬŵܡ

ܵѩ֮󣬾뿪ܵ뿪ʥ֮ǣڶ̲鲢ǺϸΪҶΪѾˡ
ͺ˳ģҡڵ߳УŶȥ
ɭ֣һΣյĵطΣž޴棬һ͵ĵط
Ȼɭֵħ޺УĵطħȴںܴļֵħƤë⣬ںܴļֵЩħϵĶǼֵǡ
ձģ˶ҪģҲħ޶ӵеһֶǾħˡ
Ϊɭ֣ųĵطÿ춼ðСӽȥʲôǧɽɾ𡱵ĵط
ðߣͻоۼأɭߣһС򣬷ǳķȫƵطС
С֮ԷȻǿðߵ֧֣ЩԵˣԼСǽоƽˡ
򵥵˵ǵǾ޴ģѾͻ̼õķչС÷ȻеΣȴһʵû˻Դ˻ɣԴۣȻҲûôĻȥ
СҲܷص㣬ðСʵҲ˵СΪڻû˸ʽֻ˶֮ΪðߵС򣬾ö֮ͱðС
ðС˼ȫ෴ıһðãһðߵãЩ˲ƵĳƺҲܼ򵥣ð֮
ûǵðСӻǼۼţÿ춼˹ȻҲ뿪
һ죬ƵСһ꣬һЩ˵ע⡣
ʵǺ⣬ֻڱĵطͱеˣΪֻеһˡ
ðС򲢲ûжһ˵ðߣȴûһģһɢһʣһ;ļҵĹӡ
˵ǹҲ֣ΪӳҲеģһ٣ܶҹӶϲϣŴ̼Ĵħޡ
ЩӶǴһȺҶûһ˻ǰ
һˣһѽһֻɰС񡭡
Щص㣬ĳ˺Ƿϣ
ԣûòƹӵ㣬Ȼɭ֣ȻŹСĻᣬȻȹ
С裬˺ڿңҵʲôطôͻΪ˵Ľ㣡͵һ㶼Ѱòƶ΢е㾪ɵıܡ
Ƿͻױһ£װСش
󱲵Ϊɷܲͷ¶βȻ˵
ߣǳסΪ˧Сû˵
ǵȻôȱӢƥôܱﵲסأ˵
ߣ԰ڣСתСԴʮֵĿɰ
֮ǰȻע⣬עȴðʲôֵûҲû̫⣬Ծûע⵽С֮ĶԻ֪С˵£Ȼͻע΢Ӵһ㡣
ʱ㿴С˵ףС裬ôԽԽԻˣԽԽһŮˣ
С豾ŮӣС軶ϲ
ţŮһô̼ˡ

ˣСԣȥҼõסȻ󿴿ʲôöðߵãӦûкܶ˼Ķ


233 С
㣡
˭ң
һõõ꣬ȥͶ޵ʱһŮ˾ȡ

㿴ǸԴתͷƹ˵ûп
ϰ壬һСԺ
˼λӣûжԺӣҪĻҪԺӡƹǲųκһ׬ǮĻᣬȻûжԺӣǾ
ôⷿģȴֱӵʵ
ñٵԩͷû飬ٵǮɶѪǮȻм䲻ܼҵǮҵȡ
ƹҪͣȴһߣʱûл
֪Լʲôȫӣƹϰ壬˵ҪŮˣֲûġ
ʲôģ㣬˵Сע㣬ҪװûΪʲôشҡŮ
ΪʲôҪش㣬ٺ㲻죬бٹӣүҲԡֱӻشּƹ񣺡ϰ壬㵽ûӣǹ˿ͣ˿;ڰѱһʲô˼
ΪСŮ㣬Ϊʲôʥ֮Ǽҵַ죬Ҹ֪᲻һʳãͿֲСʧһŮ˵
ԣȥʱǮһһ룡ػص
㡭Ůָˡ
СӣҸ㣬ҪţûţõطֻбС׸ķݣ
ŮŰ裬ȫ˼˵ĸܣֱ˵õط
Ը񣬵ȻʶǼɵŮͬҲֱˬɰļŮĴ֮һҶҵС㡪Ҷ̶
Ҳ֪Ϊʲô㲻֪ҲװûǣǰҲڣ֮
С
ιûУҶ̶޷Ӧ̲סڵ
ˣ˵һ˵˵˵ģ˵ҵģȫ㡣
㡭Ҷ̶ָ㣬һһš
ߣţ
Դ˿ᣬֻ˵ϰ壬ոյĻ⣬
ƹⷿأ޳ԼõϢ˽⵽ð߾סĵطܶð߶һСӵģҪסһ𷽱ӦԶĺԺʽԺӣһԺ򣬿ס׼ðʮСӡ
ȻסʮСӣȴٶ˵󣬾ͺʥ֮ǵ࣬ǣǵСԺǾʹϺܶˡ
ˣٲ˻סһԺӣţ˵ƹĻΪһ󷽵Ĺӣ˵һ仰һʱ
ϰ壬չ⣬Ҫٴۡ
ѪǮΪʲôҪװͷװ˸ˣɲҪӵˣʡʡ
ӣûذƹĺյ
ػ˵㣬ۣ˵ˡٰһһģ㲻ں˵ȻҪƹŪ
ƹ룬˵ðɣ͵Żݸˣʹסã
סܱȿźãһˣЩڰװǮһƹҲͲٽ⡣
סã롭㿪ʼ˼
ƹĿе㿪ˣҪ룬ǾǱʾסܾã׬Խ࣬ǡ
סһߡ

һôʲô
ˣλȥߺűԺƹû˵ȻܲҲ⣬һҲǮûɲҪ
ӣ룡һϾͳǰס

Сݺݴһ١Ҷ̶һȺȥ·
ûӣҶ̶Сȴкܶ࣬ﲻǵһģҶһѣԣӦ˵
Ǻһ꣨ڼģǿƶСĶԿչˣ
Ҷ̶ΧǸˣֻʣվм䣬һ⣬мһ˵ı顣
Ҷ̶´μҪԶԶģȻһδһΣİΧ£ضҶ̶˵
ֻǣ仰˵òеˣӦڽβ˵ģڶûж֣Ѿ⻰˵ˡ
˶ãЩˣѾעˣ
ûעˣ˵Ҳиֻ֣Ƕͨ˶ԵģˣǾСһ
Ҵ쵰Ҷ̶һ£ǾͳȥǺһѶĻսʼˣ
ž
ϡﻩ

һصڵţ൱ÿ죡
㣬㡭ҪҶ̶ˣһɼĻԼȫˡ
ԼͷӦһߺţһ߽кš
㵱ȻҶ̶ģ˵ŮˣһѵԶ֪ʲôʹ
ûֻҶ̶£Ҷ̶ȫ֪£һδεļɧ㣬ţ˵ΪֻɧţܹΣա
ǣɧž͵鷳Ҫ鷳õİ취Ҷ̶Լõһʹ֪¡
ҪʲôҶ̶е£Ѿ˵ǽǣѾ·ˡ
似Ҳħ⵹ǺϡС
ͻȻҶ̶һ㣬ԭֻһ˵ĵС㣬һʵûУ⶷ħ⵹Ǻеġ
˵ûжϵãʡԼٵ
ʲôȻǴˣ֮ǰ˵𡣡㻻һ飬Ҷ̶ҪģǴƨɣ

Χ۵˶ʱʲôѵС
һȺ֪İڣŮܴʲôطȻУطҲôΨһΨѡ񣬾ĺƨɡ
ҶҪҶ̶е㺦£˫ַͬʱСΡ
ƨ࣬Ųʹ˵ȻȥץҶ̶֡
ҪҪҲҪģҶ̶е֣һҲûиոǿƵƢûĶʲôǡ
ȻǾֱ͡ӱҶ̶һԼȣһѹıһ𣬶׼СΡ
ƨɣ
ž

СӻĸҴ򰡡


234 Ű
֣֣Ҷ̶ʼֽ衣
ͷţֱӵػص
Ҫʹģ̫أһòáҶ̶ĵúǿ
ѵǵס𣿡ܲΪȻ˵żصشţһβӣȥ򣬴ʹҶ̶ֲ˵ĽǣϢͿ´·ˡ
ҼסˣҼסˣҶ̶æѾ¡

Ҷ̶ţԽԽֻͣõš
Ҷ̶ое㲻ԾСѵ
Ҷ̶ǽʹ࣬вһֿУìܣҲʮֵջˡ
Ҷ̶Ťţֺ˫ðһԵ⣬ûпĻϾͽҶ̶ӳȥ˵֡
Ű񣡣
ʱôȥҲûбҪˣҪֵͣʱһȺ˳ˣ׼ȷ˵һȺŮһȺ壬̫ˣһ۸ڶӡ
Ⱥ幫С㣬˳Ŵҵм㣬ٿſŵҶ̶úܺЦС¾Ȼĳϴ֡
Ҷ̶ƣҶ̶ڵĶᣬ֪ԭɵģһᡣ
ͻȻСǷҶ̶źϤ幫ǷֵϵĴֺϤ
ͼĻ쵰ȻҵϷ̶һСͷΪһðߣð߶ǵͼˣǲʵġ
֮ͷе㲻ԣΪ·ɢʣһðߣһӣһּܸߵ֡
ϷҶŮûȤֻ΢ѵһ£ڽǡ˵žͰҶ̶ڵϣȻתȥ
Ҷ̶һͣҲ˺ܶ࣬תҪ𣬵ȴһʹҽһ
̶û°ɣЩΧСҶ̶˶۹Ĳ档
棬ΪǷȥûд·ģôȥס
Ҷ̶ԼСƨɣʹͻȻһδĸоܿ˦Ϊǻþĸоȡ֮һŭ߷ߵŭ
ոֻû˵Ļо߷ߣô˿ţֱԼͬ鿴оԼȫûˣϱ̤ˡ
ˣҪɱ쵰
ǲǻ밤һһƨɴá㿴Ҷ̶ƽ˵
ҪҶ̶̽еͬʱϻסԼСƨƨȫ䡣
ͻȻ֮ĲСģԼʹĸоϳ֣еȫ
ʱҶ̶ƺԼﺰŻҪҪԼƨɣָоʹȴ
þһжǻþҶ̶Լ˵
ı֣ٴ·õ֮󣬾ͲҶ̶Ǹ˵
Ҷ̶ڷڳĬûжñϵ˻Ϊ׷ˣǻ㲻Ҷ̶֮䵽ʲôϵ˲жԵģȻҶ̶Ƣ
̶۸ģڣǻġһͦҪҶ̶ӢۣҪֻع
ȻҶ̶СƢأͷƢһЩ׷˶˱ᣬͬʱҲϲӿ֮ദֻǵĵһ׶ΣܲƢɢˡ
ֹһЩ׷ģϾΪҶҵС㣬ǼǿȢͿһӸǡ
ˣһθĿĵĹռ˴󲿷֣ҲֻΪҶ̶ҶСҪֺ
һΣҶ̶ͻȻҪԣҪɭִԣһʥ۹Щ˶ǸȦӵˣǸȦӵԣһ˵Ǿѡ
ʱΪ·ߣԾͳҶ̶Ҷ̶Щ˵ıȻȫһĹҶ̶ġ
Ҷ̶ҸոˣҲӦô㣡ʱͻȻҶ̶ͻȻһ¡
ˣҶ̶һܲм㣬ȴоһֹ죬˽⣬ֻǸˡ
Ȼ
ʵǱĿˣʵûбҪٽѵ㣬ѾʹˣҲ侮ʯ
ҡͷһҶ̶ӡ

ʲô˼Ҷ̶ʵҵôˣлǮĽݵλ˶Եõġ㣬ΪһСǮƭˣƭӣ쵰
ô˵Ժ֮һʹ˵Ǵ󷽣仰˵úҶ̶Ƿ
Ҷ̶ŭһʹͷβƭңڴң۸ˣƾʲô˵һʹ
ǣҲǣͬʱҲֱˬϣǡ
ôپ۸ˣپʹû

Ҳ˵Ҷ̶ҵģ֮ǰȻеǺȴȫĴҶ̶ԼҲԭ
ȴ˵һ㣬ֱ˵˸еĻ
ңҲҪ㣡Ҷ̶ݺݵ
ûʵ
ҵȷǲᶷҲħǲҲܴ㣡Ҷ̶˵ҵţñ㡣
Ҷ̶˵ֽһֱбŴұµСһǿɰĲʿһֱΪƷС
ҪȺ̾УҪȥֹҶ̶
ǣҶ̶ȴѾóһĶӳȥ
ܣȺŷܡ
Ȼ֪Ҷ̶óʲôЩ˵ķӦжδ֪ľ裬Ҷ̶ǰ棬ȻվͱʾûΣյġ
䣡
Ӵǽھϱˣǽը٣ͬʱҲһƬʩԺִй֮޲
ãڳ˶ðߣӦ֪飬һβûԱ
ʲôɱС𣬱Сǰȫģߣ쵰֪ߡҶ̶źЩܿĹǱӡ
ߣߣҶ̶ҪֽС
㻹ôҶ̶ץסҶ̶֣


235 ΣյŮ
ƵΣŴ󶴵ǽڣһеҶ̶ȫûй˼İȫûйܻ᲻˱ӳ޴ı
£һ˶ԽѵһҶ̶˵ôǶԴ²ôˣҲװһӣȻȥѵҶ̶
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ŪǾ޵ˣҪǷŸһǧٸڿռָǱپͿзˣڴ½Ϻ߶С
Ҫиһǧǿ԰ʥ۹ˣȻֻǱٻûǸ飬ȥ飬ûʲôô
ԼģҪҲߡҶ̶ͷһԺӡ
㣿ƾ㣿ı飬Ҳ㣬ѣ
ţƾң㣬ոյֻҵСо󱦱ǰǿ֣һҷ𡣡Ҷ̶ţĲȫ⡣
飬ģҶ̶˵ĻǼԴҶ̶Ͽ
ԽбˣԽں˲ֻʵ˵
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һ֧ȣ˵˺һըΪļ£ԭҪ˷㣬츳Ūǿը
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㻹ҪоǱʾûУϵĶҲֻһ㣬һƣĴС㣬һõĲϡһڵƣֱָġ
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Ϊ˷ֹ˺ˣҾͽЩΣƷûգҪɣپԲҪըˡʱͻȻһӣĿ˶֪ģΪĻʵ̫ˣ˸ߴңҾⶫ˵ġ
УҲܸ㣬ˣԺʲôѵ㡣Ҷ̶е仰һԼոΪʲôû뵽óʮ˸ܶ㵽ȥ
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ܽοҶ̶ĴСӵĶӶپܽӶ١
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ţܾϸ𣿡
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ô򵥵ĶҲãţǰȻȻһӡܲм˵Ȼָ㼸еԲӳȥ
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㣬ô֪ôõġҶ̶һȵ˵֮ǰ»пܣǸոı֣֮ǰͲ֪£ըҲ֪ôȥأ
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˵ֻ֪ã˵ҲһԼıƾȻ͸ˡ
˭ţٸӵַҲֻ迴һۣȻͿѧᡣ㿪ʼɪˡ
ˣú˵öˡֽȥãһһóȻһŽԼı

ôСĲôװô࣬Ů̫ΣˣϴŻҩǰɣԽԽò˼飬СȻװ˶ʮըոǱȽСģĻġ
Ҫô֪ĴСܼ򵥣ǵĴСĶ˵׼ըⶫͬһ˳ƷģԽԽǿ
ЩըҪԼǰеĻǴεĴɱжͲûôʱ䣬ôĻҩǺ۵ġ
ĶȻҾúʱ򣬴ҲûȥΪжһͷ
ö࣬Ů˹ȻΣգ
Ҷ̶˵һ仰ֳˣ㶼оҶ̶Σա
ߣЩҼﻹУֻҵһС֣Ҵ򵽺ħˣǾģʱһˣҶ̶ܲ˵˵
仰û⣬֪ΪʲôҶ̶仰ûиκεΣոоȻˣ⻰ȴûΣյϢ
ҵõ˵㲻˵Ȼȥˡ
û뵽ﾹȻջ񣬺öٵƷȻõġˬʮըɭֶ˵ΣնȻͺܶܶࡣ
ȻûбҪǲⶫȥãΪУǴԣù߶Ǻܲġ
ߣĻ쵰ɭ֣СҲ԰ҳҶ̶һš
ʹҶ̶ֿʼԼСƨɣͻȻֳӰӣһĪĸо


236 
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ҪܣȻСҲҶ̶һ䣬ͬʱʶԼСƨɣһʹĸо
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װװǰԲûʲôϵġ
ģĻúܶ˽ɻû飬ʱҶ̶
ĬҶ̶ڳ˼ĻԼûĽļʲôӣԼʲôˣ
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ҪҪҲҪҶ̶ҡͷ૵
ٺ٣ȻСŮǴС㣬ҲǺ׺ƵģﰵȻɭС
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˾Լĳϼ棬ϲɼܵˣȻǴε
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㣬Ҫ㣬СͻҡõС費ϲԼԭͷϣȻתȥ

С裬ﻹϲ𣿡㿴ĵľԵħｫһɭ֡
СϲֻСе㲻ϲСشе벻ͨԼΪʲôϲֲϲ
ϲĻϲϢеΣաСʣĸоеΣյϢСҲһǸܵˡ
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Ϊʱ򣬴Ҷһǿ񱩵ĺС
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ţˣǾżħ޻ƺص۾ĹܣҪͨ˿ԶҲԶ̶ȻǳԶġ
ֳһƬžżħޣʲôħޣǵͬڰǿֵĴڣӦ˵Ǵ½ʮֵĴڡ
ȻǿԶԸҪлڣҪԻء
ֻͨħޣ弶µģ಻߼żľͲǴҪģԾԲȥǡ
Żûб֣ǿ쳷ޱ˵
ţǻǵĵطﲻǵĿꡣҶ̶˵һûаСļӣ֪Ӱ죬ǽΪԼЦ
ʲôԭĻѾûпȥоȻͲоʱֻ˵
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ʲô˼ȻѾˣѾˡΣǲҪҲӲˡ˵
ƺ֮ԽƺΪǵٶһصı죬ƾϵĻ裬ٶȼ죬ЩҪǱ֣Ӳ
𡭡һŭ𣬻ƺŭ
к갡Ҳ꣬Ϊʲôϻħ޾ħ޲ԳжϡʱðһܲϺΣĻ


237 µ
ף֣Ϊʲôǣôֵ
ȷеˣԿ϶ԼЩѾǻƺ֣ǡꡱȴûϹԼЩˣֻŭԼЩ뿪
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ܻ֮ڣԭÿһζҪȹ۲ȻӦĲԣȥԼĶ֡
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군ˣܺ棬ƿǻһ龰
ƺҪµٺ٣µĳûɣ澰¹һҲС
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꿴ڱĿϢС
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һ˵ʱ򣬶ⷢʱҲ⡭
䡭
ؿʼ𶯣оޱڣⲻǸоһʵ
ƺʱ̧ӣ۾¶һֵǵ飬ΪԼĺӵģ֪ޱǳ
ħ޿ɶԷħ˶Ϊżħ޵ħõĲƷƽʱʵԼʱʱӦ
ǵͽħ޾ۼĵطҲΣյģֻҪ˵ȫѡ
ʱֻǿʼҪˣɲЩС˵һɵȥħޣȻõǵı
ҪõǵıǾñɱǣȻ͵ߣȫģαȥðձǣɹǲһɹˡ
ԲҪǲҪ룬ʱѡ񣬾ǳˣҪЩħ޷֡


238 

һԶˣǱħ޿񳱾˽ԭҲеееùˡ

Ҷ̶ΪʲôҪˡڻƺĸվߵҶ̶˵
㻹˵ңôɰôܼȣҪ˼ҽ㡣Ҷ̶ûػص
ΪʲôҪ㡣ص
ոúúõģȴҶ̶ܹ׷һѵħޣȻǶԴ˽ԹۣǵЩ˶˵ȫԼ޹صģҪԼðȥǲܵ顣
ԼȻܲɵıҶ̶ˣҲ֪ôֵģˣҲһ֪棬Ϣȫޣһ㼣ûС
ʱ˭עһ˶ûз֣Ҳ֪ǲɺϣҶ̶ˤһӣոպӰ۾Ǻһ󺰡
㣡
Ҿ˳Ҷ̶ȥи˶ϣžǸոշֵ㣬ҷֵȴһľȻı飬Ͼͺдš
þһжǻþûҡ
Ǹʱ˶ȥһ٣ں滹һȺħ׷ţԴûʱͣǰš
ΨҶ̶ȴܵ£ǶѸ٣Ҳ֪ΣӳǱԭϲĴС㡣
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ʱòˣڿոĴڵӣͻΪʲôҪܡ
ôһȺεħռţкܶһħޣ׷⣬Ȼħ޵˳ħ׷Ķ
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ϵĸؿһٵĺü㳷һͿԵֹˡ
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ӶΪʲôϻѾħްΧˣȥħ޿ԻƺΪģ

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ʲô߼ֱӵʵȫǲɣеͻ߼
С߼Ҷ̶
㣡һ䣬ȻԻޱ˵ųʱҪ뿪ͱ꣬ȹڣʱͿƾĸ߽ħϢñϵħȴħ޾ħޣֻҪڵģȥսԼһ׵ģٶħҲһ
ж٣ʾҲһСʱãҲҪһ졣˵⻰úܶ˸е⣬Ҳ׵ġ
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㲻ǲæֻûΣյİæԿħޣǺܺõᣬֻԲ
ȻǲŹĻᣬֻ뷨Ƚգȥɱħޣ˵ӶȻӶŵڻһܡ
ӶŻЩ嶼˻شΣ壡
־Ҳֱ˵ˣ׼شԼ뷨͵Ҫֱӻشʱһ
࣬ңҶԲ˺ǡ
ᣬĸԵĸоҲܹ֣ѵǡ
㿴ǻƺͬʱҲһƺֻǺڿ㣬ҲɺϣҲ֣Ҳ
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ҶȹһأҾһĶõġƺ˵
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ĬһᣬȻź㲻ҪңҲǣʱָŻ
ȻҲ֪ܸоóʵǿģʵ͵һСƺ˵
ħ޵ʵ͵ǿΪԻƺŻǿ˵䣬֮ԵǿˣҲܼ򵥣йء
ٶȣ
ոմҶ̶ٶȣҲ̾磬Ϊǿġ


239 
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ţ˵Ҷ̶Щͬ飬¾ͶԶһ㣬Ҫﰭְţ
ЩУ㿴˿־壬˻ţЩСүмĳ棬ͱƵˣҪǻӶŴܣͱûħ֮С
ڣǻһδӣȻЩװû£ˣǺԿԿеĿ־塣
Ҫ˵ֵǣҶ̶Ȼ޺֮⣬㿴ڻͬıӣ·һҲ޾ۼ
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Ҷ̶нһȥ㣡һ׼ʱվǰͻȻ˵һ仰
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˵仰ѩ˵ģѩһܿģҶ̶ͲͬˣɻԼ㲢ûʲôϵѵҪԼˣ
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ߣȥģҪҲҶ̶ܲˬ
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ڲ֪ƺжõʱҪŬȥʱ䣬϶ǶãȻʱ͵òʧˡ
ըⶫȻãҲĵЩ֮ⱾҶ̶ģڰȡһֻŵϣҲӦõġ
οһβûȫ꣬ڣ㹻ˣⲻ˽ӶҲûЧˡ
𣬺𡭡
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ո˲Ŷ٣һٸôȥ
˶㣬ȴûп˵ܣ⵱ȻΪΪ
ֻҶ̶е㲻֪ںû˵ҲŲһٸһҲûС
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ߡһߣҶ̶ܵıǰ淭ҪʣµըȻȽϸ㲻壬˼ըһģҲ֪Լ˼ţıӦûš
ףôûУЩʲôҶ̶ı˸飬Ҳըҩֻҵ·лһȽ϶СĽǿӣƶ̿㡣
Ůˣ㷭ٵıʲôñٵڿ̬𣿡е
ʱעܵħʲôʱ̲סʱȴҶ̶̬֡ΪǾʹȻҶ̶ΪûҪĶҪĶĽָ
Ҷ̶æڿӽģﲻ˵ű̬Ѷӡ
˭ӣ㷭ٵĶ̬ȥұϵЩʱѾֻڻŻ˫۶ǰħޣʱħѾʼе㰴Ͳסˣʱܳ
涼ˣҶ̶Ҳ֪ȤĲ˵һʰöŽһЩµĹСһ־塣
ٿ־壬Ϊһָо棬ǾǾȣǴûмҶ̶ʰģġˡҲû
ôˣʶҶ̶˽Ҷ̶ˣʳ⡣
ȻΪҶ̶ϲ㣬ֻʱԼụֻ̂ͨŮ˾ڲͬвͬĸоͬ顣
ãã˾ħţŶԷ䱸ţ˵սʱܱʱҲ˵׼ҲֻһӣҲҪһСʱ
ħҲҰ޵ıԣҰڿʱҲʱȥóóȻĲһȥ
еҰΪ˵ȴʱỨϺܳܳʱ䣬Ҳûģʱ򣬾ħҲ֪ʱ䲻ȡޡ̫ĻǻƺͻָԼĻͻʧ
עάֲ̫
໣
һǵħޣòƺǷǵħޣʼУħ޽ܵϢʼӶŵķߡ
ɱֱӵĻӦȻǰߣʼɱ
һ˺һֻֻħ޵壬Ŀһʼͺʵʱ̣Ѿûʵء
ʱ򣬻õӶһο⾪˵ƺϤһĻ
һˣһѽħȺţÿһܴһħ޵
似似ȫûлɣû˷ѣֻ׼ȷĹ㣬˵㣬˵Ĺÿһζ׼ȷڳ˶޷ġ
ֻʱ򣬴ûжȥͣȥп˶ҪǸԵսⳡսˣǾͱʾԼҲûлսˣΪһ߱ʬ塣
ƺе̫ˣӶŵĲǷΪǰں󹥻˰
ڵλãǰߵǰߣֻһħȺɱ
ȻӶŵ˾е̫嶯˵ͲˣӢţ¸ҵʿ
Ҷ̶˫Ѿ⣬һߵЩ壬оܲм
ֻ֪ȥһַжѡ


240 
սսһֱս
ʱƣսȻĵزӶŵѹԽԽ󣬶ҲһսԽԽӸտʼĿвһһȻҲһһʱ뾫ȫͬˡ
ԭ˴½ԭ֮⣬һҪԭħ޵ĵȼԽԽߣʵԽԽǿ
Ȼǵͽ׵ħޣʵϵеġ
ʼĴ󲿷ͼģЩħֻҰǿһ𣬶㻹Ӷ˵ÿ˶Ӧʵе࣬ԾͲôɡ
ЩȽϸ߼һģǱȽӦˣһЩн׵ģ߼ħ棬ЩǴ⡣
ڶ˵ħж٣жߣһˮڣһԼɱһɱܡ
ܣܵϢһ£Ȼɱȥ
սչһСʱѾɱȥΣ³ΪħѾ˽֮࣬⼸Ӷŵսƽ
ˣСȫǵݣԼɱ˾ͻ㣬Ϣ˾ͳȥսŵͬʱԱϵޱ˵һһۡ
ҾСɱлǴҪģĥԼ似ĿԸһ﷢ħͿԣ
ûʲôϵҲǼ˺ܶѹͬʱҲûиκε鷳ޱͷһħ֮󣬾ͻһ䡣
Ҳǣô˵ǶֻкôҸȡ衣˵꣬׼һħ
ʱҿԿⳡĻͻȥݡ
һȺһֻƺΪΧһԲΣΧöƵס糱ˮħޣü֧ħħڽš
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ЧȻۻң
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Ķ˶һﰵСӻʲô¶Ѿżħ޵ԼĿ
ͬʱҲ֣κϢʱеãǰζҪú֮ܶ࣬ǰһӾͺˣѾȥӣ
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ڣӶŵҲʼˣһһӶȥԶŭţ·ҪԼеֱ߻ɻ棬ܵħ޶û
ֵǣҶţǲҪסҲҪЩħ޶ɵħѾԽԽˡڴš
ûħڼ٣һֱڼ٣ϾЩħ޶ģ޵ģɱһֻһֻ
ǣٵٶȻ죬Ҫħ޶ɵƾǲģҪõӶš
ڣħޱɱ֮ǰӶͲˡ
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ҪҵһԱԼˣԼܷ۵ˣΨһѡ
۾˵ҲŵΪԼͷһԼȥ
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ħ̿ʼɢħ޶ΣյĸоҪ֪ԼͻΣգͬʱ߽ħ޵ƣҲҪȴ
𡭡ƺƺ֤ʲôһ˦βͣһħȺ档
ʱȺ޵İһʮֻħȼŵĴ֮ϣɭҲһƬյأջٵĿյء
Ǿżħ޵ƣֻȴ֣ΪʲôһֻѧǺС
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࣬ллǵİһ֮ǰĳŵĶƺ˵
ĶҲҪֻҪӦһ¡΢Ц˵
ְҪر𣿲ɡ
ƺĬһᣬȻ˵ðɣֻҵĺӳԺ顣
е㲻׻ƺ˵ʲôܿͷӦˣ㲻̫࣬ҲҪҵػޣҪܼ򵥣Ҫȥļסһʱ䣡
ֵƺˣ֮ǰΪҪԼػޣȻǺֵܹҪ󣬵ǱϾЩ˾ĺӣǺߣҪ顣
ħжرģֻǻƺ
ģҲ̫ģֻǽĵطһЩ߽ħȻпҲ΢ЦЦúǲȻ
ƺȴоЦе㲻õĸоֻûȥ㣬ֻǽ޶ѣôܾܾ
õģ
Ӧˣƺ֪Լˡ


241 ʥ
㲻Ҫǻ᲻ҲãƺӶһۣҶ̶˾ûȥˣΪǴͷβûκεĹס
ᣬǵְǱ㣬ǱЩˡ㿴һߵҶ̶
ҲΪʲôЩǿ߻ҪЩࡣƺֻԣͨ飬֪½ȻҲ֪Ӷ¡
㲻ö˾ӵĴڡ㵭˵
ţҶ̶˵ˣԻȥˣǵøըԺȥ㣬ûеĻҾͽ߹

仰ܸɴֱ࣬ӣǺܶ˶Ҫ飬û˿濪ֱԲ䡣
ңҶ̶
ҪŲԱٵĵԿ㣬ҲҪɱٵ׺ֵĺ塣ν˵ȥɣʰʰطĽСĵط
ߣҶ̶һȻС˵˼ҶûдԣѵҰһ𣿡
ǱɵڻҪȥ𣿡û˵۾ΧȥԣҲûջ񡣡

Ҷ̶ܣʱĬˣΪԼ̫ˣڻҪȥ𣿲ҪȫҪ
صħʬ壬͵صħˣջħҪԼԤƵĳܶܶࡣ
ɵվʲô˰ħŪֵǮȻǾͿȥˣȵߺЩħ޾Ҫˡ˵˵ǣָǻƺصǻƺ
ֻҪƺЩħ޻ҽӽǻƺ뿪ֻħϮ
ڣƺҪϢһ̫һڻָҪʱ뿪
£Ҷ̶ʼӶţԼļҶʼȥջսͬʱԼҲȥѡԼҪħˡ
ЩСǣҲһԼļҶȥʰҲһԼȥûԼҪġʱѾԼոǺ޽ģҲԼӶŵĹϵһжԵõĳɹ
ֻʱûǣҶ̶⣬ǵϵħʵ̫ˣҲں༸ˡæġ

ҶС㣬ܹռʮһһħˣٶʮŶħˣһħˣһʮļʮһ弶ʮһһ߼ޱ󣬶Ҷ̶˵
ôడǻõӶţûˡҶ̶ȵͬʱҲңҺǻõӶţ൫ʵǿӶţȻһԼûôḻջ񣬻пûС
лл佱ޱòػش
Ҳ˲ԱһֲͬҲᣬҵĻһ㡣Ҷ̶Щʬ壬е㱯ˡ
Ҷ̶ֻǴСƢЩ鴦ǺܲģȻҶҲȥЩҪ飬֪εӶжѾΧԼҪǣȥ
ӦõģӶˡޱеппӶˣͬʱҲڸпԼÿ춼ʧȥһͬ飬ࡣ
Ҳǲʲôˣֻ֪ҪԺôٿҶ̶˵ħֻҪһȫļʮ弶ʮҶҪҸոѾѡҪġ
㣬Ҫ𣿡ޱе㲻ŵĿҶ̶벻Ҷ̶Ҳһ棬Ҫ֪ħǵȼԽԽֵǮոҶ̶Ҫ࣬ǶǵͼΪֵ࣬ûзָӶŵħˡ
ţЩ˰ҲԣΪʲôСҶ̶Щ壬ȻЦŶޱ˵ЩħëƤħ⣬Ǵòˡ
õģˡޱҲܸɴ࣬˵ʲôֻ˰ħ˰Ҷ̶˵ķֳݣ°ħëƤħֵǮĶߡ
Ȼ˵θ˴ۣõջȴǷǳķ񣬲Ļʵ̫ˣ֣ܳȻЩðͷˣֻҪӴͿԡ
һߣڻƺϣ۾ͶԱĻƺ˵꣬һ⡣
Ǻ
ʲô⣿
Ϊʲôǵ

Ҳ֪ҲǺҽϵǸħ޵ԭ򡣡ƺⲻǺ˽⣬ΪħҲȥо
ϵǸħޣѵˣҲ޲Ŷԣ𣿡е㾪ˣڸ߽ħ޵ļغ٣Һܶ¶ǲ²⣬Ǻ˽⡣
ǣ߽ħ٣һͬϣǴԴڷڣԸ߽ħ޶ܻӽһ˺ӣԽϵԾӦغΪֹֻһɥֻһƺҲû˼ͬʱҲûоò˼ΪֻһֻԵħޣЩ֣ء
桭ڻƺĻֻ˵Լеĸܡ
ħ޹ȻóжϣͬľȻҲܽһ𣬲һһ⻹Ǻ
ˣһһ⣬Ǹ߽ħ޿Ի𣿡㿴һߵСʱͻȻ⡣
ħǿԻΣֻǺٺٵһ֣ٵֵܳģҲǸ߽ħޣǱǳ֮Ϊʥ޵ģѾԽǵĴڡƺشһݣһ
ŶûпܳΪʥأеʥԺ󣬻ʲôӡ仰ʵĺ⣬ͬʱҲص㣬֪ΪʥҪʲôԺ
Ҳ֪ܲܳΪʥޣгΪʥԺӣҶ֪ƺҡͷʵĻش
Ҫ֪𰸾ҪһֻѾΪʥ޵ħޣʥޡصҲֻȷˣΪⱾһĴڣ˵ܸġ
ϣܰɡƺ˵

˲ãվҶ̶˵ǺûУ׼õĻǾˡ
ˣѾ׼ˡ㣬ҪɭУҶ̶һ䡣
ûĻõеص㣬ҳԺǾ޵ˡǿ˵
УʱСһڱС¡Ҷ̶˵ǲ֪Ϊʲôе㿹ܣ͸ı˻
ˣλˣԵټ˵֮ƺɭֵС裬ŵ
һ̿ʼ࣬Ҷ̶һֱûйκϢûм


242 С걦
ɭֵһľСӱߣһյأյرһѨⶴѨסһֻţһСĺ꣬ȫëƤȼŵĻһǳر쳣
صɭУֻһħޣƺ
ⶴѨǻƺסԲʮﶼĵ̣ûħޣħ޵ԣÿħ޻ÿħ޵Ⱥ嶼ẉֻ̂Ǹ߽ħ޵ĵ̱Ƚϴ
ü򵥵Ļ˵˭ʵǿ˭е̣ʵԽǿҲԽ
ʱ򣬴߽ⶴѨĻȻע⵽һ£ǾǶڵϷ֣ǹɫ֡궴
᲻ôһһ£λִԽĺۼ
ȿȣˣĳĵʱý̳ģԻ֮Ϊԣ
ʱƺʲôʱʵػشһ֣һΰ֣ƺʲô˼ʱҲˣֻĽǣƺĶȻ˼ȷòкܴĳ롣
ں궴ǰ棬СľݣŵСľݣĺɭֵסƣҲľݸΪṹΪ
ľݱľ׮ڿУߵͲһľһ𣬾ֻľŵĵط¥ݣСľݾȻһֿ¥ĸоȻС͵ģͿյġ
ֻ㽨ľ֮󣬻ƺҲԼסӶѨаᵽůӲסȥסɽħҲȥɵ¡
ڻƺÿ춼Уĸ˯˯ӾҪʱò뿪ľݡ
˲ʱǾ˵ʱʱ̣ܶڣֲò뿪ľݡ
𡭡ƺߵ⣬һһ𣬶ӦҲһУֻ
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˲ãڻƺոպеķ򣬴ܳһӰӰ¥ݣڻƺϾ˯ˡ
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ʱһȥ˯СʱСʱǣŻƺ˵꣬ߣȥϴϴ
ÿλģܲˣָֻϲϻƺ⿿Ҫ˯
ÿζѻƺëƤŪ࣬ÿǺͻƺϵСһϴƺϴˢƤë
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㣬ͲͣһϢ𣿡ʱ򣬻ƺ˵е֮⣬Ҳһ֮⡣
ΪÿζȥǸǿĸ߽ħޣԼϵĲ֮;ˣոоΪһ߽ħ޴ĵ̡
ģΪʱȫ˺ۣѪ߰ߵģ˴ĿģȥǸ߽ħ޲ô׵ģЩ˺۾Ϳ֪
ո֮ܲˣΪ˺ۣ֮ǰģܼ̫ãָֻˡ
ûƺȵǣű߽ħ޻пֲĻָ˺ܿͻָڶֻᾫȥǡ
ãǵϰ߶רŶԸһΪˣת󣬶ǰǸѾˣ¡
ҪȻĻƺˣħΧˣȻûΧȴҲм߽ħ޹ƺԻΪʲô鷳࣬Ͽ˸ߵҪ
Դ˻ƺֻ˵ߣֻеȵˣԶ뿪С
Щħ֮£ʱһ䣬Ȼǻкġ
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ƺϣԼոû˵ڸˡ
꣬ĺӴʲôʱƿǣȥˣ᲻⣿ڰƺϴʱ򣬾һ֪⡣
ҸоӦûڽǾͻƿǶƺ˵гĸԵᡣ
ǹ˽ͺúչĺӣԼչԼʱɡЦ˵
ƺʱȻӦֱ˵ҵĺҪʮĳɳмҶİɡ
ƺ֮ԻķӦΪʱ򣬶еĶǶξǵģ̫ʹˡ
Ǹʱֱɱ㣬ȴ֪ԼͬʱҲ֪ԼҲɲ£ʵȻҲκβ
˺ûа취˵Ѿ㳬ԽˣĽٶʵ̫ˣҲ츳ҲŬǱ˵ǧٱǱ޷ܵġ
ÿ춼֮ǻÿ춼ܺܶˣһվվȴ֧סˣÿ˹ڶսˣ˹ˡ
ʵŵļʵƾնģЩֻƷһҲûС
ûǾֻп̿УҲãԼʵҪͬȼõǿֹһ
Ϊӭ㺢ӵĵһۣҰϴĸɸɾƯƯġЦ˵ȫӻƺոյĻû˵Ժһ

һƺĸеıƿǶˣͬʱ㿴һ顣
ĸ걦ǵĸףֻСһ㣬ΨһͬľǣǾȻһԳ򣬰ɫĳ
꣬ǵĸ𣿡㿴ʱ򣬾ʹʵڻûʻƺʲôħ޽ϡ
һֻɫʨաƺ˵
ʨգҲ񡭡ֱ˵ãĸһ㣬ɰˣСģС裬еһƴŶ
ߡСе㲻ˣҲͬĻСĺ걦ȷǿɰ¡
Ȼĸ걦öһСǸͣһ;úÿɰĶһֻèĴСֻȭͷһĴССɿɰ
С걦СֻСҪСһ㡭


243 ʱ
ں걦ƿ֮ʱֹȥһꡣ
һУȻÿУħѾȫˣҺǾۼһ𣬽˼Уһӣӿʼĸ
Χܹ߸ħǣѾһһǿֲһ壬ÿŻ֡
ڵļޣֻӦһſʼģгҪͻƼ⣬Ҫ֪ԼļޣҪ̫ˡ
߸߽ħ޶ûа취һ֪Լһˣԣһ޷ӦģӦǺأǳء
ͬʱħҲǿߵģǵҲһħޣһֵصħޣڶ̶̵һǿĳɳ
һʼ޷Ӧмκһκһ⣬Ѿһ壬ǿ֮޷
ֻǲ֪мʵ⣬кܴ󲿷ԭΪϤǵ·ʿ˽˶ԷԺ󣬾ʵһ㣬Ҳɻܶ֡
нȣħһǵϾͻ᲻ͬҲڽҲϤ㣬ϵԽԽã㻹һÿ˲ϡ
˻ħޣڽģֻҪŬ߸ħȻǱεģǵʵȴҲĵߡ
Դǲ֪ú㣬Ǹм㣬֮Թѡһţ徻һ㣬С̫̬ˣԼܲˡ
ħҲܲסǿȣҲ֪ôֻܵݣ֡
Сʵ̫̬ˣ
С裬ִСˡ˺ۣڱĺˮϴˢ˿ڣСһֻȭͷСĿɰСɻ΢Ц˵ᣬûκ˿ڣںͻؼҵС˵һ㡣
ţҺСȥˣÿ춼ڴɱɱһҲ档С˽ˮУˮˣţֻҪںͻһϲˮ
ֻС꣬ҲСˮˮ
С꣬ǽȥˣסҪ̫Զˣ̫ΣˣС費£Ҫһ㡣Ц˵
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ܲˣСԴС̬ȹӡ
֨֨
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ûʱ㶼ϺС裬ģڡ
Сˣ˭˵㲻ϲС裬ԶϲС衣
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СɵߣСԴĦš
֨֨СҲѧС裬ɵһĦš
Сֻ꣬ӳԺ󣬾һֱСˣСʲôʲôҲûа취飬Ľǣˣ˵ˣֻС궼ǴԵġ
ֻСֱеԲôϲСһ棬Се㱻żС񣬿ȿȣϵģҲɣС衣
СȻе㲻ϲ㡰ȴСһˣһĺܿġ

֨֨СͻȻʼ˿ڣʱ㣬·ȫѵһߣֻһ̿㡣
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֨֨Сϣе
ɣ˵ˣϲ˿ڣ˵Чܲûҩ£ҲҩֻȻָӦԡ˵
ǲǺ֣ô֪С˵ʲô
֣öС˵ѧħԣһʱħһȻ˺ཻܶ
ʵħҲԣ߽ħ޸űȽϸӵԣֱǻ֮ǰʹԡ
ƺħģĵʱϣѧѧħ˵Ǿ֮ͨֻҪеǵħԽ
ٺ٣ʱСԣĸϻһǣôһ
֨֨СţǱͺһ˴С
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ǰ˿ڣȻѾϣȫȫۼ
ǿǺˮȫʥҩ
С꣬ǸС֪½ҪΪˡã㲻뿪ǲ˴ģǵĹһŬһ£ҲԳΪʥޣҿŶ
΢ЦţûжСռֻ˵Цţ˵һ侭ĻһŶ
֨֨Сš
㣬С˵ҪСһ𣬲뿪С衣С˵ҲͬöС˵ʲô㶼ѧᣬôܲᡣ
СƢһͻ˽ĻǺĺӣں߲ȷġȫСĻ

ֹһ꣬ѾӽԲ棬棬ѾӽԲľ硣
磬˵ѾǾˣԶĹϢǺܲ׵ģҲ˵ܵģ
һ仰һ;;ͬ飡
ʲôķԴﵽԲľ磬ֻҪ㸶
ֻǣ˸еȵģΪϢ磬ǰһֻͻôᣬŶʮͷѾ磬޷ġ
ӽԲԲܶ˵ͣͲǰˣﵽԲľ֮١
ȴ⣬ԼĽѾˣֻҪͻƣԼѾͻô࣬ȻѾˡ
ڣҪΣյĵطĵط


244 
㣬Ҫ𣿡ƺʵ
ǵģͷͷֵ㻳Ҳģ
Ǵʵģǻ˵߾ߡƺɨһֻħޣǵϳڴһģ̫ˡ
ǲҪ˵̫磬ҵʱ򻹻ġ΢Ц˵

ħ޶ʱʼɥͷϢ˵ֱ
ֻǣǸòǲӭҰɡЦ˵
ӭǻӭǡһֻħ˵Ϊ˵ܺãͬʱҲΪ̬
ˣˣʱ䣬ллˡ΢Ц˵ĵĸлЩħǣȻǲԸģǸܴİ
㣬費Ҫɭ֣ƺ˵
Ҫˣһ˾Ϳˡص
ԭ·ȥҵǲᵣģֻҪɭ֣ȥһߣе㵣İȫƺ˵
βصʥ۹ֻ뵽һȥòƾڴ½棬˳·󣬾͵顣
ˣҪȥһҶңֻǲ֪ҶĸʱҶ̶ˣҲû£˾֪Ĵ壬϶֪ܶġ
򲻹ܣûˣû޿סҡڰ˵һҲû⡣
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İɺ꣬ʲôʱˡ˵ôⳡе֣Լ궣С
ټˣԺǵùҡƺеᣬȻҲͷʹҪˣ־ú˵ʲô
֪꣬еㆪˡоȥԼҲ᲻ã˼סһʱ䡣
΢΢һЦûЦ㿴óЦݣҲûмǾԿԿó
С裬ټˣˣСľҪѹˣ֣ôûг֣ѹ˰ɡƺС˵еСȻǸСĺ걦
ټһѹС˵
ˣٲߵĻҪˡ𱳰Ȼתȥţں˵ټ

㣬ҪߺܾðС迴ߡһ֮СϿпжԶ
֪ˣ΢Ц֪𰸣ֻɷɶѣڲŵһ죬Ҫа£Ҫһ²ܳɭ֡
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ЩħⲢģûжȥԣǲҩЩħϴǴδս֮ºջصġ
Դǡ˷ǲã
Ŀռָ˺ܶħޣһֱڳЩħޣɭеˮʱŪ
ʵ̫࣬ʱӶֻһС֣Ķֻħˣڿռָлкܶ࣬ͬʱҲдħëƤ
ãռָǲ¹ڵģ൱ʱֹͣһ㣬ǰĶһʣֱǾӼеıرߡ
ߣ۸С裬ˡС費˵˵ĲֻάһᣬϾΧһһĵܣϲˮͬҲϲ
ֻˮһ𣬲ȻͻһֻС
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ǲôصԹħһ⣬ȻֱӷڻϿš
ߵĵڶ㾹ȻԴôЩԹء
˵ˣӦ˭˲ģȻԼǸôþôã
ʲôڣ飬С˵ǵӾľ飬ûһ˻˱ᣬʹԼʧضѡ
־ʲôģпҪҪ
ʵϣͨʿǾģֻõʽһϾⶫ׺Ʒ˵õµģͱ˿ϡ
㿾⣬ԽԽŨ˵һҲħޣҲ˼Ҫħ޹ƴ
߽ħ޶ǵ̳ģһطҲһֻֻƷõʱŻֻֻǾ˵Ʒûޡ
ѽԡ㿾ſžͳǹ죬ûˣȻҪһˡ
ͻȻһֵͣ˸
С裬ոǲˣ֣ԼߣʲôûС
ˣСһһ߻ش

Ƿ㣡Сš

С˵Ĺĸ
ѵҳֻˣʵȻ⣬ֻûмˣע˫ע⶯
˲á

Ҳ㣬ҳŲſħһһⶫ﷢ġ
ֻи⣬ⶫģƤ
㣬ôˣСɵϣʶű䱸㡣
֪ʲôҵıýֱȥ򿪣Ϊ̫Σˣɭ֣ҲֵĶ
ֻǣʲôԼıһ·ԼûвʲôӽԼģʲôأ
ıУͻȻһӰӣһСܵĽϣȻſצ˺ҧ
򵥵˵Сڳ㿾⣬žžવĳţ
Сһʱ֮ˣĿŽϵС


245 ̤ɭ
ԭСôˣŽϳſС˵еμ
СǱƺΪСĵС
֪ʲôʱıΪ±㷢һ춼ûκζֻһˣĶʵеˣζöӹС
֨֨
Сſ⣬һ߻ؽš
ԣ˵㿴ֻȳԶһˡ
С迴С꿾⣬ĶҲֻ˰Ͳ˱ˣ˵һ£鿾Ҫһ
ðɣڸңΪʲôڱҪ㲻СĵġС˵ûκֵ˼
֨֨Сڽţָֻŵ˵ţʮֵĿɰ
СĻ֮󣬾ҡҡͷ˵С갡Ҫһʱ뷨㻹Сӣͻ衣
ԭС꾹ȻҪ㣬ĿҪСһˣСѾһЩɵ¡
УǺΣյģʺСҾҪǣҲҪ˵һȥ˵ţѾ׼Сȥװױ˷졣
Ҳûа취飬Լôں겻֪£Сߣùǲġ
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֨֨СɵϣϣڽлšýҲ֪ȥ
ȥҲҪȥؼҡӲݵС귴ԣСؿ㡭

ٺ٣ˣЦ˵
֨֨С㵸ĺǸˣΪӦˡ
㲻ÿģΪѾûҪˣ㿴ǱߣָһǷķҲǻƺصķ
С꿴ȥϴͷɥˣΪڰɭһŻ߿ٽӽŻǷǳϤƺɢġ
ƺߺһֱûҵС꣬ʼΪܵʲôطˣǰǹʱС껹ûг֣ͿʼˣĴѰûзСӰӡ
ǣ뵽㣬ʼߵķ׷ȥ㲢ܣԲûȥۼƴźһ·׷˹
СģȻƺǰϵСһ䣬仰ĸԵϡ
֨Сͷµöϡ
öˣ꣬ˣҲǸոշȻҵıСĺƤëȥƺ
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ЦЦʵǻȥ
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Ա֮Ӫʣͺ˯һҲûɭֵĸо¶Ӫ
ȻⲻûΣյľֻ˯ˣһΣտҲѹʿ⾯
ǲǺܷ㰡ԤʩҪӵеĻǾȥѧѧǰҪҵõ
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µһȻǴɭ֣ǰȿȣԲ硣
һһ죬㴩ɭУûر鷢ʱһֻ۵ħȥȴܲҶ򵹣ΪеʳռָжһЩħˣħƤëȡ
Ȼⲻɱ಩в飬ﲻƺĵ̣ûеطš
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СӺ壬żζ˺СһԼʱԼͻᳳŻ
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СԵò࣬ٶ˵ǸһʱԸħˣѾɻƺṩˣٵħˣռԼӳԵġ
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ֻǾżħȴҪΪ׳ˣħѾʵˣҪԼС
ҲΪʲôżħ޷ల£̡
һºڳɭ߾̤ɭ֣ӭõ⣬Ŀ⣬òĿ⻹
㿴һȺڶԳţԼ˵ĳǵĿⷶΧ֮ڡ
ʣʲôطȴûֻǺòʵƽ׽ִһĸ߹


246 槼
ɭֵ棬һĹȣ˵Ͽշй
ڷɭֵı߽磬Ҳʥ۹һһżȽϷСȻûðСȴһġ
ͬðߣ֧ðСΪһսƷִţҲǾģ֧ϵĶ鹲ͬһֻǿħ޵ʱ򣬻ߴһȺħ޵ʱ׷߲ȣˣǷ
֧ðСӣڷսƷִе󣬶е㶯ֵļҲǺ飬ʱһȴǵǰ
أٸǵĸ
壿
㿴ϴıǻҪãһ幫ӵɭֵģ˵Ǳħ޹ֻʣһ˵ĹӣҲǷϵģֻһѹӲŻɴһӶûС
ȷǿԽˣȴһܴ⣬̬Ĵݣ⣬һѹӣһҲ񣬲һǸһֺܸӣǸ߹Ϣ
һص꣬óʱˣҶꡭ
Ȼҳϣе˧ҲңҸȻشҵ⣬𡣡˵ȻıֻмĻ˾
Ȼ㣬Ҳ֪ǲãʱģûһŵζҪǱһЩʶ˿ԻỳɣСǲǱðġ
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ĬһᣬǸˣһ󺺣˵壬ΪҴɭ᲻֪ɭ֪ǴĿطĸҡ
ǺǡһЦȻе㲻˼˵Ƿı߳С򡣡
߳С򣬲˵һش߾С򣬶Сǽб߳С㿴½ĵͼԶԴ˻ǱȽ˽ġ
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棡ָһ˵Լ֪򣬲ˣȻɭôãǷȴûʧϵġ
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ʱ򣬼˶ע⵽߷ֻСһֻСⲻΪ棬һֻˣһֻųĿǺС
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Ŷˣ黹ˣû뵽ҶҾңҲãԼʡ˲ٵ·
ʲôˣһ·ˣԽ·˼ף˵仰Ȼתȥ
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ðҲû㣬еأЩʲôûȻǺǿġ
Ҫ֪Ǵʥ۹һֱӴԽɭһ᲻⣬Ǻ⡣
ɭְԽɭְ˶ûģһһˣǶô˾ò˼顣
ǽһǳ䶯顭
㣬Ϊʲô··ϣСһֵо⡣
ûΪʲôҪõģֲû·ûУĿռָȴŲٴ
ȫڳɭ֮ǰͿԻͨһģ벻ؤװ
ԴˣĴǡ
ҼȻУǾҪз糾͵ӣио

Ƿ㵽ʲôʱ򻻣
ǰСϴ󣬾Ͳ÷糾ˣʱҪпԡҵķ䣬ϴ裬Сþûˮ˰ɡЦ˵õĽõĽ
ţСҪͷһϴСͷӦ
֨֨Сʱ򷢳һһ顣
С꣬Ҫúõ롣صС겢ԼĴڣһ¡
Ҫ֡ʱС˵صעѷģ
ڿСʱͻȻĽԼҲҪи֣ȴ˵㲻𣬽Сġ
ҪҪСĺʱСҡͷ˵о֣СôҲģѵģ
С̵ģСʱСͱͷװû
Ӧˣ
鷳˵ɭ˵˵ڷˡȡ֣Сꡣ
СͰûֻûȥ룬뿪ɭ֣ȡ֣ǺܴɽСꡣ

㣬ͰȡְɣСһСһ˵һӰС꣬Сóڴ㡣
룬˵ðɣǾͺСһͽС
ȡʽС裬СףСӦþǽСС꣬СһгСС
ǲģȿȣˣ
槼


247 ȥ
֨֨СԴһֻСַСԴЩʡ
槼Сһֺ֣Сʲôϵһ
ţ槼ֺʺС꣡˵Ǿû˵ʺϡ
֨֨
һСͿĵȥ˵ϲģҲܺΪġ
ٺ٣ҹȻšԼȡֵˮƽôԵ֣벻ɡ
ǲȡֵˮƽţ֮С껹Ǻϲģ־ˣûֵ֪˼˵ˣ֪Ҳûϵ槼һֻ

ϰ壬׼һ䷿䣬ֻһСҪ˽ԡһ߳Сõ꣬ƹľֱ˵
ƹĿ㣬е㾪ǰˣȻűЩð߻Ҫƣ˵ĸоȴȫһӣǫǫ񣬹Ϯˡ
ֻ־ȻһӣΪʲôôãûӡ
Լùܵ飬ֻҪд˾Ϳԣظìܸоܵġ
ӣʺԷûסǩǼһ£˴ȥ
ƹ˿ûлûиǮʹ˵ؤװҲһûлɣֻ㰴ǩǼǣȻͿ԰סޡ
ֻÿõ궼ģȻƹҲ˻֪ݡ
õģӦȻһڵǼǲǩԼĴȻ͸һСס
ƹĿǩסˡ
Ҫ֪˭дʲô֣ԭܼ򵥣дǺ֣һǩԲ˵ⲻ֪
Ϥ㣬ǩ˶֪ǩģֻдԼ֣дŴҿģоȴǳ֡

С裬槼ϴˣҪҪһϴźϴˮѵϵؤװȻ裬槼ԽԽֱӸСĳƺ
ҪҪС⻰һ̣Ѿˮˡ
֨֨ССԡͰԡͰСˣ
ԡͰûж񣬽ƷǺܶܵһ־ñζ
ͷԡͰıԵۣɡ
ֻǣССһˣţʱˮ㣬ҪɶУ
СҲʰ㣡۾˫ץСֻСȴǻһӾܵˡ
ץССĵš
мȻΪûʹַֻͨĶͨٶȥץСֻҪľͺãĿԺԡ
ԣҲǵһηģ֮ô֪
ġϴԡͰ߳ɾ壬ϸɾ·Ҫ·õģһʵؼѵģҵĶܲ
ν˿װ㻻·Ժ󣬹ȻǲͬˣȻΪԼʲô˧

ڶ죬Ըɾţƹǰʱƹľ͵ͷ˵Ŷԣġ
ƹĸоһﵽ⣬ϵ£ͷβĹӣ˼ӣⲢӰҵĸо
ϰ壬鷳˷ҽˡ㻹һҲ֪ĺάֶá
ôߣ漸𣿡ƹе㾪ȵʵ
ˣðСûжֱûҪĶصѾ߳СðСǴͬС졣
ˣⷽ棬ûмֵˣƷ棬ӵеҪúܶ࣬лһЩżħˣĴ󲿷ǵͽ׵ħˣн׵ģ߽׵ûУУҲǰ˼µġ
ǺãҰˡƹҲûж˵ͬģҲùܵ顣
ˣͱűһϤİĵط˵ϤΪֵطѾܶΣİطȥĵطǲһģֻǵص㲻ͬһġ
طӶᣬ뿴ûʲôȥ
Ҳ֪ǲƷ⣬ƽʱܶȥ񣬽쾹ȻһҲûУҪ˳糵Ŀˡ
ڵȻûбҪȥ׬Ӷ𣬵ȻеĻǸò顣
ˣǶ·ǾԼ߹ȥɣҲáС˵
ţСϲͷһߣϲһ𡣡С˵һߵСҲ֨һ
ţǾ߰ɣǰȥϦµķȥȻڻ糿ⲻӰоڵпʼ
ֻǡ
ͣ˽ŲȻ˵ҾãӦȥŪ

ߣȥҪ͵ķųĵطȥطѾע⵽ˣʵýһû˳糵ǾԼ򳵹ȥ
ҶУȥĵطһƣشҲ֪ΪʲôͻȻǮ˰ɣԭǮʱջء
ҶУҶҵĲҵڴ½ҪгĵطʵҲԺҪ˻ҶҵĻҶյ
ҵǺܶ˶ϲģûǮ˿һǮȥǮҲϲΪþʹǲҪҶҵекǷ㣬ԺܶǮ˶ֱ⡣
ȻҪѺ𣬻һĿˣûʲôȻֻѺһ;Ѻʵ൱һļֱֵӳ֮Ϊ
ҪȥҶˣ˵ҶһˣͰˡ
øվݣд㸶˶ǮʲôطһʲôԺƾ˻ûҪǮȽ鷳
ҪƤޣȻһߣõǿƾܵ÷ɿ죬ΪԼļԦǿȫҪƤޡ
ݣ
һʹһ·񱼶ȥ֪ʲô쭳ǣ
þû쭳ˣе˷ܣҲʱԼڻ˶Ĵϣֻļǿûһ·ˣ·˵Ĵоȥ


248 ҶС
ʽֺз˳ǣȴһ˼ıﳲ˵ĳѨ
˵ķ˾Ǵ֣˵Ƿ˵ĳѨҲΪ󲿷ֵķ˶ΪﳲٷҲ˵ĳƺ
ﳲУһԺ˵ǴԺĴԺһСԺӣĴ֮һҶҵļլ
Ҳһ֣ΪʲôҶĳסԺӣǵĲλȫϣûҲҶҲǷĹ壬ҲӦסĵط
ʵɺܼ򵥣Ҷҵһѵڼּңκε¶˷ѡ
˼լֻҪסͿԣҶҵ˶һֱǺԵڶûŹֻǶһ¡
ʱһҶһֱôǮѵᱻģڷ˶֪ҶҵļѵҲΪԾҶҪҪסĺլҲΪԭȥ
ʵϰ˾ͺãûзֱ𣬶ҶҵҲԼҪЩסլ˺õĶࡣ
ڼҲãǮˣһܻỨΪЩǮҶ˵ѾǺСĿѾܼԼˡ
˲ͬ׼Ҳͬ
꣬Ҷҹݷӣͨһ׬ǮȻҲһԭΪһҶҵĴС㾭Ӹˡ
ڡ
䣡
һǿҵ𶯣ϮҶҼլеˣͬʱԲˡ
˶ûΪͣԼ飬Ҳûȥ۷ʲô£ոյǾ죬𶯲ûзոյЩֻǻþ
ΨһԴʱиоģܼҶүҲֻһ仰ѡ
¸µķټһʡ
ǵģүܼҶү˵ʲôÿһΣ±һˣû뵽ˡ
оϣκǰĶҪǿһЩ
Ҷ̶֮ǴֺʰħֲɹһЩͷоıȻһζû뿪ҶҼլоĴ󱦱һٽ򵹡
оֶȻǾᷢ⣬˵Ҳ֣Ҷ̶ÿⶼû˹ֻǲƵƤ
Ӿ͵ùˣÿζը٣ҶÿζҪǮݣúֱը١
ԴˣҶҵȴûпֹҶ̶Ϊ˶֪ĻͻըǸʱʧ
үҪҪȥС㡣ܼѵζȽϴ󡣡
ʲôѾͷȥһŮΣյĶ֪ʲôҶүֱӻصеŭǸȴ۰
Ŷ֪ˡܼû˵ˣΪ֪Ҷүһ뿪ҸȥҶ̶
ոյһֵоģȥӱٳʲôӣʷõҪ١
Ҷү˵ͳȥˣҶ̶ԺӣȻҽڡ
ʲô취ôһŮҪ˵ĲŹ֣ÿζ˵ÿζһֳ
ҪǿҶ̶еˣͻСеģȫûһƣҲûⳡ̸Цĸо
ҲҶ̶СƢصҪԭΪһĸס
Ҷ̶ĸףÿζҶ̶Ҳ˵ҶүȴҶ̶ûа취Ҷүûа취
СˣԺӶˡܼҸҶүҶ̶Ժӣȵ뷨ȥ룬Ҷ̶
̶ҪˣɡҶүѾڴСˣԺӶըƽˣҶ̶ֲڸϽˡ
̶ŮԱɡҶүڳΪԺҷţǿүڷȻҲҪŷҡ
ְ֣Ҷ˵˼ǧˣҪҹԱڶôˣֲСӡҶ̶ڷʮȫûһ˵ĸо
죬ῪҶүָҶ̶ĵطῪЩ档
˰ῪЩʱҶ̶Ӱڴǰ棬ڵĵطոպһ϶һҲûѹ
һο˵ɺϣҶ̶ȴÿζƵ˶ֻһ£ģҶ̶Ůľˡ
ÿһΣգܻΪģҺĴû˹һɭ֣Ҳһͷβûˡ
ҲϻŮڡ
ȻҶ̶ûˣϵ·ȴеãҲǻҳͷҲģ֮ȫûǰӣǵĸо
ҲǸоˣͷֲ
ֻǣʱֻһֻСèһһۼԳС档
Ѿͷֳô飬طϴ裬ɾ·ʱҶ̶ĸѾԺҶ̶ӣǺǺЦ
طصҶ̶ըסһԺӣһҲըˣǾҪѭš
ҶǮĵͬʱؽٶȿ죬ȻϲҶ̶ٶȡ
֪ˣעˣһһ档Ҷ̶Ц˵
Щڷ洦ˣȻ˿ҪըԼˡ
ƭǵģСôСûãҶ̶Цš

ˣȺСʰáҶ̶˵׼뿪׼ȥһԺӣʱһܽ
С㣬ſλ˵Ҫ㡣
Ҷ̶ܸɴػص
ˡ˺֪𰸣Դ˺⡣
꣬ҪĹӶȥˣÿζǸһŸȫˡ
ĸĸееżԼŮҪ˵ģŮҲҪȥˣȴʲô˶ǰˡ
ǰȻƢߣиʼڵãʼûˡ
ʱΪףΪĸ׾Ҫˡ
ȵȣļҵĹӣ
֪صʵ벻ǳеλӡ
֪ʲô֣ҶүüҶ̶޷ǾǳЩүЩ˴ҶӦʶŶԡ
òǺʱ˵˺յΪҶ̶һֱ̬ȣҲ˵Ҳû̫⡣
ˣ˵㡣
˭Ҷҵ⣬ҪҶ̶ʱȴҶ̶ոڵλѾտҲ
ĴۿҶ̶ѾܳԺӣŵķ򣬲һ䡪
ҿסǻ쵰ҪˣҪñը


249 ͵
ү֪˭𣿡ҶҷˣҲҶ̶ĸҶү
֪ӦǶѾͷȽҪ˰ɣȻҲһ־ˣȻﺰɱģǰʲôʱǰẰһǶԺ˵Ҷү˵
ҾҲǣôû˵ļģ½նû˵ĸյġҶҷü
֣û֪ʵϾʥ۹Ҳֻ֪֪һ̫үǽʲô־ͲǺ
ңҲȥ࣬һֱûгǰҲ˵ˡ
˵ϴҶǱȥʥ۹ĻҲҲ֪ƫƫҶ̶ȥ֮û㣬Ҷү˾ȫ֪顣
˭ǵѾͷڿˣͺܲˣո񻹴˷ܣ½ˡҶүЦ˵΢Цţǿĵӡ
үѾͷϲˣǾͺáȵȣոձʲôӵģȥôˣ죬ȥȻ˿ˡҶҷͻȻ𣬸ոҶ̶ȫõģǴèһͷҲҵģԼˣ仹ϲˣģ
ܣ׷
Ϊ˸ĸˣȥ׷ϽҪʧ˵Ůϣסôܵù˵Ҷ̶

㿴ǰŮһᣬӱ߳Сһ··ȻҶҼլſڣòͨһȴš
ֻȵȴһèŮһղ˵ͷҲԲ˵ϴҲԸ񣬸ɭֵʱһؤװ
Ҷ̶ȻŮҶ̶ԶȴܴӸоϣŮϡϳֻǲȷ
쵰㣬㻹ԶŵģɲҪˡҶ̶Ȼо˼һ㣬ֻȴһֺصĸоǳ˼ۺ죬ȴ˷ܡ
᲻Ҳ֪ӵǺ񣡱̶С㣬ҶѵƲ𣿡ƽ͵˵ȻûŵζǻȻֱӣֱ˼Ҽſ˼ǲƲˡ
ƲҲ֪ӦûаɣΪʲôʣҶ̶һֱڼо֪飬ԶһʱеɻʱȫûԼڵ
仰ĳ˵ĶУһˣѾͷɵˣȫ֪ԼȻɵ⣬ǿȥȻҪˡ
ҪȥѾ˵ˣǾ￴ţһǰˣֹ˳ȥ
ҲǣˣڳȥֻҲŶˡ
ǺҶ̶ǰԻźһֱ͵š
Ʋһؤװʲô滯ױ𣿡㿴Ҷ̶Ȼʵ
ؤҶ̶һת棬ڲԼӣǺʧģҲǺܶ˵ġ
ĵһӦת㿴Լⶪ˵ӣڶӦܣϴһ£Ȼ·ٳ㡣
ֻ˼ͣסˣȻתͷܵߣһץ֣ܡ
ˣ
Ҷ̶ץԼʱҶ̶һȻҶ̶ԼԺһ߿ԼҶ̶㶵ˣķ򸾡
ò߹ʵĶ˵ͷʾѺõʺ
ˣ⻨Ҷү̶Ҷҷ˵Լոͻġ
ţֻүǻǿС硭

Ҷ̶ʧǰԺҶү˾ֿʼˡ
۹ⲻ㿴ǴҵĹӣǷҲûϵֹ
ţȻĹ˾Ȼ׽ָоϮ˵ģìܵʣһǵһμһִĹӡ
ǰ㿴ƤһãǽĹҲûĺãƤ֮ӲеġֻǣΪʲôǶû˵յĴ壿
Ҳؼ壬뵱ҲҲļҲļȣɵѾͷǼ񵽱ˡ
˲֪㱾ҵ̫үֻԸҶѡ
Уϵʲģһ仯ģֻǲֶ֪ܱá
Ҫǿǰŵ棨Դ˾ϣΪԼǺܵ͵ܺһˣǾͲǰ˻㣬ţǾͻαװ˵ʲôʱͱˡ
ڵҶ̶Ϳ㣬ɻʵ𣿡
⣬Ϊո˵ԼҪϴ裬ɾ·һ£˵ã͡
ã˽е㲻ԾҪǰĻһ˵ô鷳ʲôըҾУʲôӹʲô¡
㲻˵Ҳô͵˵ոյһֱǺ͵˵ŵȫһˣǾͷ١ҲûˣһֱԼΪҡ
ûɣҾңֻǻһ˵ѡҲͨһЩ£ʱҪȥ鷳Ҫ˺ԼҪԸ߱ˣֻƽ˾Ϳԡ
ڰ֣ǲ˵־Ǹ֣ľ֣ҪЩӶ˵ʲôʱԿǡ
ţҶ̶ͷͶˣ㻹Ǹ㣬ˣȻΪǣȻ˵ġ

ֻһֱ﷽ʽ˵Ը񣬲ܶʱǶΪһ˵ж˵Ը񣬾ֻǻһ˱һЩͱϳһܵӡ
һͨӻҪ߹һЩĹӡ
ȻˣԸٻǸıһЩֻΪһֺĿγ̣ľ仯ľˣΪ˴ͻҲű仯
ʱʱǺ͡
Ƚȥϴɣš


250 
΢ЦСС׷ţƺҶ̶߶ûзӦ
ʱҶ̶ѾոģؤװһɫȹͷһβèҲûˣһˮ۰С
ȻûлױǶҲһĺۼ
Ȼ򵥣ȴ룬Ǿģ·ȻҲܼ򵥣ܳгһֳˮܽصĸоȻҲѡġ
ڽεСȻûлױǺԻ
ôһҪʱȻǲٵģŮһʱʱ䣬Ҷ̶ʱʱѾһеʱ
ǸʱҶ̶ڵģȲסˣԼҪϣûˣǱҲɡ
Ҷ̶ҲԼ⣬Ҳ벻ǲֻΪ˱𣬲ⱨĳɷǾеġ
͵Ҷ̶ܳʱ򣬵ſԺеʱһ£лϲҲɻ
ϲΪ㻹ڣĻôõʱ䣬һûһżĸо
ɻ󣬾һ㣬ûż΢ЦţЦúȻУоԲ֮ǰĸо֮ǰȻԼܿͣȴһо˵ĸо
Ϊʲôͬ΢Цȴ˲ͬĸоҶ̶ɻϣ΢ЦԼǶֻصС
Ҷ̶Ҳû˵ʲô֪ԼûʸҪԼֲʲôˣΪʲôҪԼκǹɵվߣһССꡣ
˵ֻСĺܿɰ֪ŪģǰֻһֻСֶһֻųС꣬һɭץ³
ԣꣿֻƺ
Ҷ̶뵽ʵ㣬ֻСǲǻƺǼɣ
ԣǺСش
ǰɣżħ޵СôôСأҶ̶ȵ㲻ᶷħҲܿСǺСġ
֨֨СҶ̶һһߴţȻҶ̶Ļ
żħ޵ıҪǿӸвֻͬڣԺһǿġ㿴С΢Ц˵
֨СǸ߰ؿҶ̶òƶĲʶǱӡ
СóСԴƺ֧Сꡭ

Ҷ̶ʱһܣȻۣͣ֡
㣬ǲǶɭ֣УʲôʱģΪʲôҵ˲֪Ҷ̶ҲӰ죬Ҳͣʡ
࣬һֱںʮǰųɭ֣Ϊʲô֪Ҿ޷ˣΪʲôһҪ֪ҵ١ƽ˵
㲻֪Ҷ̶ʱ˼ðС򣬾ʲôʱɭ֣һϢ֪ͨΪɭһҲԭ·ء
ʮǰðСôֻʮ͵ƭˡҶ̶·̣ʥ۹·̣ҲҪһ¡
ȴû뵽ֱӴɭֵ֣߳ڷڣߣƲʮ͵
ֲðСģǴǸб߳СǵģˣվݣҰˡ㻺˵վݸҶ̶
߳СⲻǷߵģòǴԽɭֱ֣ӳǷɣҶ̶ӹվݣϤҶӡǣе㲻š
ʲôֵģ꣬ôͲܴԽɭ֡ػص
šҲǣûʲôֵġҶ̶룬Ҳʲô֣˵Щȫ˵ʲôʲôˡ
ĵһ£㣬ȥǶľҪʶһұ㲻ܡ

ܣҲվը
ܣҲŲϷǷҵըңٸը΢Ц˵

ֵҶ̶ˣԭ㣬ըҲͬʨӴ󿪿ڡ
ܣҶ̶ҲѧĻҲŲô౦ܹٶŲô࣡
ٶŮ˹Ȼǿģôը
ȻǾ˵ģҶ̶С۵ģкܶ඼ȽСģļǺܺãǿģȽҲٸҡ
ٸʵ󲿷ֶҶ̶ģǵ˵ҪٸȻԴ˺ܲмȴ֪ƴţµʱˣԼҪˡ
Ҷ̶ÿ뵽ʣͻ뵽ԼƨɵĻ棬ǻúµͬʱеڴֻڴһʼڸǡ
ʱˣڴԽԽֱϴʱĻԼ۵СƨɣԼʱ龰ֺ˷ܡ
һ˵ʱ򣬲Ҫ˴¶ֱӣȴܺߣ򣬲һܱأԲͱҸ㣬ǹҲᡣ
Ҳ뿪ԭ֮һ磬ǣǣСֻԣ̸ˡ
㶼ٸˣһŮӼҼҵҪôʲôһٸ㹻ˣĶˡЦ˵ᣬûаǿ˵˼ֻҶ̶ôо١
ʵѾܺˣһ˵ŮЩʲôȫûգ˵һٸ
룬һɰŮϴһٸըǽʲôһ龰ɡ
Ͳ㣬ӦҵҶ̶ͻȻһ죬֪ʲô
Ҳ֣ʲôģը
ðɣҴӦ㣬һܵģܲоҪԼıˡ
ƾҶ̶֣㼸ǲܵģˮ
˵ˣ㣬һȥԤʹȨҶ̶˷ܵһѾˣڵóԸ
ðɣȥҼҿջסšҶ̶׼뿪Ҹס
ֻҶ̶ʱȴһ˵ľٶ˵һ侪˵Ļ
Ҷ̶˫ץ֣˵У£ҪˣҾԲᡣ



251 ƨ
㿴Ҷ̶û˵
Ҷ̶ʱܺܺ죬ֻԼոǻ
΢΢һЦ˵Ժ˵עһ㣬Ҫ̫ˣҺﶼҶҵˡо£Ҳͬ⡣
㣬Ȼûгûˣˣĳ˶Դ˾ϡ
Ҷ̶еһãʵڲܽǰǰǸŵĻСһ𣬻ǰӦû˵
Ҫʲôٿɲˡ
ҲãоܺãҶ̶ĸܡ
ȵȣˡ
Ҷ̶棬ԴһԺ֮󣬵Ǿһ˲䣬Ѿ֪˭
֣裬ͽں͵˵ʲô

Ѿͷ
˳ԺУͬʱһ䣬ʱֱӰǺ𣬶һ˵͵ѾͷԼҲգҪ㡣
Ǻǣո·ô˵ɺϣɺ϶ѡҶүЦ˵
ǰɣЦŻصǽŶվ˰ɣһϢɡ

ǺǣλӺû̡ҶүһЦתƻ⡣
Ҷүãҽ㣬μ棬ա
ãֻҪԺлᣬȻաҶү˿ֿ˿Ҷ̶
֣ҺûκιϵеֻԹޣҶ̶ݺݵضһۣòеԹȻ˵УлᣬҲҪգҶҹղ𡣡
ȻҾ˵һܲһ㣬ҶҶղģǾǳ塣
ó㹫Ӹ˵ĸо쳣ˣ֪кˣլڵطҶүʵʼ黧ڡˡ
㲻ػشҵļǣоһˡ
Ҷү˶Ǻɻؿ㣬ȫ⻰ʲô˼
ǣûʲô壬ľͬʱĴ̵ĸټңһЩطԵĴ壬ڴ½ϾŲϺš
ûˣҵļ岢ʲô壬ֻһˣУǵڶĹ壬һΪӮù͸һСݡֱӵ˵Щûвɸ˵ġ

ڶĹ壬ǾͲʲôͳĴ壬ǴҲ˵ּ֣岢ᱻǿҲǺҪġ
ҶңʱΪʱһżôò˽ĵλ
ô˵Ǵ幫ӵĿԺܵˡ
ͬʱҲ˾֣ϵʣǴҲ޷ģ⵽ô¡
УոԼŮΪʲô˵ԼҶ޷
˿Ҷ̶ϣܸһ͡
˵ʵȴһ˼ݣҡҶ̶˵ʱ򣬱ˡ
Ҷ̶޹أ²ҪˣֻҪסҵ㡣
ҲֻŻúõҲҪȥֻһ˵ңʲô˶ûҴүҶ̶һۣû˵ˣ˵ˡ
ˣûҵ飬Ҿȸˣһ˵Цˡ˵Ȼ׼뿪
У㲻ߣ˵ˣ˵ŵķӻм䣬סºˡҶ̶ǰֹĽŲݵĳ̶ȣҲһʱΪ֮̾Ȼֻһʱ
㿴Ҷ̶һᣬȻ˵ǲĻҾסһ
Ҷ̶˵˵ģô⣬ãסãҼеطס
ûע⵽˵ǣ㣬ҲͲԼĸڴɡ

㲢û˵ǿҶ̶ĸĸ
㹫ҪסںĻǵȻǻӭ֮ôܾءҶү׵˵ûݣƾҶ̶ʶķϣҲܾ
ֻǣסǾԲеģҶ̶Ĺ뷿
㹫ȥͷ
Ҷү֮Ҫ˴ȥҲҪҶ̶⵽ôһ¡
û뵽Ҷ̶Ȼ⣬
У뿪ҵ߷ΧȻˣô졣ҲпշӣסﲻͿˣαȥĵط

ҡҡͷ΢Ц˵ģǲܵģҴӦûʧԼ˵仰֮͸ͻȻֵĹܼҰ뿪Ҷ̶޴ӷԡ
Ҷ̶û˵ʲôΪ仰ţȻҲ֪ԼΪʲô仰ֻĪĸо
⣬ĸӣ
ѾͷҲ¶һסһӲű˵ġҶߺ󣬾Ҷ̶Ķͷһ¡
ﰡʲôϵֲǺסһ䡣Ҷ̶۵
йŮģסһԺ˵ûйϵҪȥôûУҶ˵
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Ѿͷ궼ôˣôô࣬ǰ㲻ġҶ˿Ҷ̶ʳһʵ⡣
Ҷ̶ûǰֵĸԣ׼ȷ˵Ӧ˵ûǰôǰͷƢںöˣֻҪǵʲô
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˵˵˵˵ˣ᲻ˡҶ̶ʶػص˵Ļ᲻鱦᲻ƨɡ
ã֮УҶ̶˵ŵ飬˶ʱס
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252 
Ҷ̶ԼҲ֪Լ˵ʲôһᣬԼȻ˵˵ĻϾͺϼ
ʲôʲô˵ʲôˣҾеۣطϢˡ
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㲻Ǳ̬ǼŴҺְֵʱҲҡҶ˵⻰ʱҲ΢΢һ졣

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֮ܶ㻹оŰƣûһͣ£ÿһ춼µ
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磬𣿡Ҷ̶ʵ
ţһƷˣȥϴ裬ͷҶ̶ԣ߻ķ䡣
Ҷ̶ȻһȥҪ㣺ΪʲôҪҪ㣬һֱ磬ǡ
ʲôĻҶ̶˵ˣȴСĶҲҲû⣬ʲô޹ء



253 
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ҲֻˣΪѾŮˣһκ˶ڡ
˲ǱˣҶ̶
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ӾͿһ㣬ֻӣҲµģ㶼ң⼸о͵ڰ׷ˡ㵭˵ҪҶ̶Ҳ㲻ԺҸ˴һըͿ԰Ū
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ӦãǾ˿ӣ㿴һߵҶ̶ǰһȻһһӳȥַôһر
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ˣϲʱ򡣡㵭ػص
ѾúˣҶǰ飬˵ֻεĸ顣Ҷ̶ܿ϶˵˵İʵһֻεĸ飬ϲԼŰѡ
Ѿ˵ˣڵ㻹֮У벻ȴ֮Ƿֿһʱ֮Ǹʱ㲻Ҫһֻεĸ飬Ҳȥռˡ
µʱֻ˵ϲңǽڣֱ˵᲻ϲҡҶ̶ֱָĺģɲһŮ
΢΢һЦȻ˵ҲɣһŮҲܱ֤Ժ顣
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ôһ죬˵ҶС΢ЦŻص

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㡭

㲻ھЩŮ飬˭ҹ㣬ҾͰըɡ



255 Ѫ
ȻоĶŮ͸˵ˣ
ô˧˶Ҫȥˣֲô½ϵ˶Ծ鶼֮ͣҪǾſֲʵͳռеĶ󣬾žҪΪķޡ
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Ⲣھʱ򣬶һС·棬һ·˵ʱ
ҪΪʲô֪·Ǿ飬Ϊʵ̫Եġ
Ĳ죬˫Ķ䣬ڵһۿʱһö䡣
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Ǿ·˿㣬ûᣬ鲻̫ϲ˵İˣڨġ
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ⳡǲǺϤòֽôε龰˵ҲɺϣǺĵѡСë¿йţҲСë¿١
ͬʱѧŹϣš
ˣʱͿǰ棬ĵߣ뾫е㷴ˡ
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˼Ҹոһ㡣Сë¿Ȼò˵ԭҵǵһο飬е˷ܣеʧ񡣡
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ʣǲѪ鹭֣
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ȥŪҰζԼҵˮ԰ɡ˵仰ǺС˵Ѫǡ
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˼ոǾ飬ҽȥɱٳһ˵ţһ߿ſѾεҰѾûκεķӦ
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У㲻ɱӡѪߣеӶ˹ڻС
ˣһپٳһˡ㿴ѪǣþӾǽףȻôֻӡ
ĳ˵ҪӿɰˣȿȣԲΪ飡
ɱСͷ֮һߵѪ۾һ࡭
Եһ㣬ҪѪǣǾ͸·ǰ˵ټˡ


256 Ӿ
ڶ峿Ӫ˿һ߲˯Ѫǡ
˵˯˹ģǸо飬һò񻰣һҪȥŮǿ
ѪǺеŮ̬лֻСӡ
ٸһ𣬺ӪԼյѪ͵ϵĺϴ
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ϵСС궼ѧ㣬óǰ֫ˮϣǵĳǰ֫ŪŪС

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Сôѧ
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УǾͲһ𣿡һ˵ţһëСãŲŽԼɡ
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·˳ɱ˴㣬ɲھǰɱñ˵ĵġ
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ʱȴһֱ̬ӸС꣬СꡰǡھͿе
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һǼ񵽱ˣȻôô⣬һô󷽽ħ˸СԵ


257 Ҵլ
Ǵ㣬һͷŽͽһġ
ͷڹﰾţýţڻϿţڵʱ̡
ѪǣҪҪͷ΢Ц˵ȫûѪǵŭӣҲ˾ʳߡ
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ѪǱ޴йֻкݺݵҧһˮʱҲȥʣóģѵǷǸ
СͬʳߣԣҲѪһһ߳ˮ
Ա֮ʰʰϨҽͷҲˣöǴȻĶûκλĶҲʡܶʱ䡣
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Ѫʱ򣬹ŲȻϣԼԽԶԽá
ʱȻҲѪԽԶԽãΪʳһ˵һʹ顣
ȴôżǰ֮ǰٶţ֪ٶȻ緹֮ǰԽѪ˦Զһ֮󣬾͸ˡ
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㣬ں׷ʲôС迴ʵôˣһֻСҲܿն
ħʯһһƷıϵħʯ˵ĺܼ򵥣Ҳƽȫ֪仰ҪǺͱ˵Ļǽ𺳡
Ʒħʯϡ٣ңмӰм嶼٣ѩް˵ħ֪ܿһһƷĸǷëǡ
룬Ʒħ䶯ΪͷϷõһһƷħʯǽʲô
ɡ
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겻ĽǧѰСԽԽ߹󣬲ҸԶвͬ
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258 ȷϢ
һ죬ҴԺĴ֮УŮǶһ𹲽ͣҵŮסһû٣ȱϯСҲڳˡ
ҵĹأЩŮģԭµģÿڵϣǶһԷʲô飬Ҫ¡
ȵ˼ǸģŮȻʶҲ໥ʶеҲвϤģദģ˵ʶѡ
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Ҳе֣ЩŮݶ˼ģҵˡ֮Ĺϵָ޷˵ġ
ĽǧѰΪֻĽ㣬ֻ㵱ܵܣסڵܼܵﲻڵĵܵܿңǺ顣
ƶֻѣΪؼңļУһķ濤Բᡣ
Сֻ꣬ǺĻ飬ΪԺҲǿţԼһֽģԾͺȻס
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С㣿ȫӣϲʲôطʲôطûʲôɺ˵ġ
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Ȼ϶ǵԼΪģֻǵǲҲǾֻпԺķչˡ
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ԹԣעҲٵϡ
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ټ˵ϢЩ˻ص֮󴫳ģǱеԹ԰鶼˵˳
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˵꣬СҪȥòҪϸ֮ж˼

С㣬Ҫʰһ£׼ãһȥƶ˵ȻϢּҲţɢҲãȥһˡ
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259 գԸ
һ⾫һɵĹȣͬʱҲһĹȣ˵ӡġ
һ岻ϲɱϲ׽Ȼ
ϲǾͻ̱۸ͷϣû˸ȥǾʥ۹Ҳȥǡ
ҲҪΪ۸˸ϵ壬ֻС˵ˣһǲ츳ħϣϣйϣźǿ츳
˾Ȼ˵ֻһ࣬ʵҲ࣬ڴ½Ҳֻһͨǿȴûж˸ȥǡ
Ҳһԭ޷ȥǾ飬ǾǾûԱ˵ģκι˵ܹΣա
ңĵؽ磬ǶغɭС
ٷ֮ʮĵطľǵɭ֣ǵǣǰɣɭֵǲĵط
ҲȥҲⷽԭҪľǵʲôӵģôɭнǡ
Ȼĵطɭ֣ҲͶطȤȱȱû˼ȥ⣬ط˵ʳ֮ζӲͷ
Ծһĸԣ񳬼ֻǲٱģֻҲǴ½ϵĹ֮һҲϵѣԾͺεĽεĳľٰȨ
ȻⳬҶҪҪٰȨΪһʾѺãҲͶβ֪ᱻ˭ߵľٰȨ
ҶûеõҲͲˣԣʷϵһھĳˡ
ҲΪεĳͻΪٵģٶѡ˵ֻ˵ȴһźǱʾεĽ𽫻١
³ĽǧѰգĽݼҲûᣬֻΪΪǵĽǧѰڲǣھǡ
кգҸоһˡĽǧѰžǵĽֵǵķӣ͵Ĺâ̾š
죬ǰ죬յյİ죬ǵĹҲֻͣ򸽽۵⵲档
˿ĻǽãǰɣһߵС֪ܲȤ˵úõĽǧѰǳ
Сû뵽ĽǧѰӦô󣬡ҴˣҲ˵
ĽǧѰ΢΢һЦȻ˵㲻õǸ㲻˵ҲһҪˣΪġ
û㣬㲻Ҫǡƶڵ
ҺţĽǧѰĵ˵˵
ǰǶѾ˺üˣôһϢûУԸ񣬵ﶼעġѵֱʲôŮӲˣʱ˵
ҴլŮѾˣСæ˶ճˣѵøԼһ٣齻´
ŮӶһ·ɺϣӶžȻǻõӶţҲҪ˳ġ
Ҳӻȷ㵱ɭֵ飬֤Ϣǰ벿ʵģҲź벿ֵϢʵҶ̶֮ҲĹϵǳ
ȻҪǣӻ֪λΪ˵Ҫͻһαԣⳬ档
֪Ϊʲô˵ģǾһʵ֣Ҳ֤ȿȣԼġ
˵ʵڵģⷽ滹ǺܺõģֻҪӦ飬δʳԶʵֹ
ȻŮΪмҲٴӦɵԭţ
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ȷĻվҪȥˡĽǧѰգ˼εĿĻþա
ҲɣҲս顣
ˣֹʱǿĻʽ֮ǰ㲻ֿĻʽҲ֮ǰֻҪǾһ֪СӻҲΪֻҪһطԲͣģһ˵ע⣬Ȼ˵Լܵ͵ÿζΪ㡣
ʹǽ֪
ϣˣĽǧѰ˵
ȲҪˣȥϰףաƶĽǧѰǰȥȥŮӾ顪
ţȥǼͬΨһͬĻС㡣
ҪԵģһȥֲҳԣֻСŻҡ
ŮĬֻзƶСһ£˵˭ԣҪԶÿ˶˴ţʱûпҪˡ
ԶܳΪ𣿡С㻳ɵ

⡭
Ŷ

ҹǵҹҲһȻǿձľסɭȴһֺصƯɢŵâʹ˷·ǿ֮Уλһ㡣
һҿջУضﵽǵǰһȺŮΧһΪеһŮףգܰп֡
ףԸǧѰһһһഺפƶ˵һʽĻͬʱһʽĻڣǵԸա
ȻʽҲҪģҲֻʱʽһ£ʱֳֻһƬ
ĽǧѰԸˣԸ㲻˵ŮҲ֪һԸԼ㣬һ̡
һ̣
Ҳɡ
ǲǿܣǲҲĽǧѰǱ˫ۣ˫ֽţԸ
Ů֪󣬲ҺڿԿϣҹգԲʵԸ㣬֮ǰҵҿԽ͸ա
ĽǧѰϣڳ֣˵ǵһλģһλգ⼸ûͳ
ĽǧѰԸ۾
ѵֻ̫࣬þ𣿡ĽǧѰ૵


260 ΢Ц
ʱһ̶ˣĽǧѰǰ￪ʼҴע⵽ĽǧѰ񲢿һʱʼ
ֻһӰ֡

صǰĽǧѰƶǵʱһС飬Ҷûע⡣
Ǹʱȥҿջʱ򣬳ǳļʼñľǱ֡
ҲΪһЩ׼õջ׼еһ¡
׬ǮͳĻڴҵʳסĸ׬
Ϊ˵ĳ֣ˣ˲ͷмҲкû֣֮ЩҵŮҪģסҴլеŮǡ
ȻǣȻҪסͳľõ꣬ǾԼģžһͳʳŽԭ֭ԭζŽΡ
ͳľõУߴԵľסɭõ꣬Ҫֺܴ죬һ˾羴Ȼ֮顣
СǮԷƶ濤ĸ߹ĽǧѰչ˴ҵԸ񣬶ͬģһµѡûݡ
ֻǺܲɣǿ֮ΪõǸѾߡ
ʱС껹ܲضžӦ˵ɲ԰ҸˣǿԳǮתá
ʱǸ鿴˿С꣬ٿŮ˵˼λС㣬ǵҪǲ㣬סµʲô˭ǵĿˣǲ鷢
УֳǮó龭Уȴ鷢ҲΪñǰˡ
С꣡ĽǧѰƶͬʱһҪΪСʾǸǾȴּ˵һЩ
УȻǿܸ߹󣬴еĹС㣬λҪǸҪ߹󣬲Ҵ˱񡭡Ӧ쳣ˣΪǺãǻѡһطɣֻеλԺ˵ˡ
˼ǲûҪ˰ߵ˼ǻһߵģҾǸطܲƶŵ˵һֹȴ˸оǸ⡣
ֹǾоҲǰλǹӲֻǺ֣ǾλһֺصϢ޷ݵ󣬵־úȻ
޷һ𣬾ˣ޷ᲢۣҲ˵󣬶أǶء
ΪŮǾסһߵģ߲ݣͬʱҲɭõڶĵطȻŮǵı׼ÿ˵ı׼᲻ͬԲۡ
Ȼܺӻ˭ҲֻһʱģòƳ⣬ǲôȥ˵飬仹ֲʶģе뷨
ԣºܿͱŮΪС顣
һ̣һ˯оӦ֪깫ӵϰߣÿ˯
ʱѾϰ˵ˣŮҵɭõʱѾˣԵ㷹ݣʱ͵߰˵㡭
ӵ飬ɭõ궼˽̸ţȻָõĹԱЩӦŮ̸۵ĸ࣬õϰ嶼Ѿ֪ôһˣ֪顣
һǰסǸݣһ¶ǹɣţٶõ˵
ÿ峿Ժﳿϴ軻£ŵϲŻ˯ÿ춼߰˵˯мȽ⣬һġ
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ˣû죬Ǿ֪λӶʲô˽⵽¡
һĶһ£ι۹⣬ʱͣȥоһ£һѾǶ߱ˣǵһЩ˲ڵĽ羫黨԰֮
Σ֪λӵȷǲϲԼõʳ׼ȷ˵ǲϲһʳÿζȥЩ˿ķ꣬ȥ⣬ҡ

죬ӻһľӦ۹»صùݣǾӦͱľڲ²⣬²ǲǽҲһԶ׼һġ
һǹӶžӦ΢Цʺã񣬹ʮ㣬еӡ
ͬҲԼǰ
ֻϻ棬Ȼˮ
ǰûмһֻϻˮģҲľʳߡʱǳԵöˮ߲ˣﶼˡ
ھȥԶãʱкܶ˴ųԵĹ
š
ӹӵĶ߹̸Ļ
λӣʣǸո˵İϻʲôطӺºȤ塣
忴ǹ֮󣬴һ£ǰ˭Ϊʲô˵Ĺ֣ųˡ
ڶߵڶݱϣһСĳ벻˭ʣԿţǰĹӲ򵥡
ߣҸոպ򡭡૵Ȼ̶лתŶȺȥ

صʱ̣Ůǵ׿ʲôʱ·ͣסֻǶһϤȴİӰС׵ǰС׵ĴԴ΢Цš
ϤΪӰǹŵģİѾܾûмӰǿ΢ЦҲǴδġ
΢Ц΢Ц
ƶңǲǻþǲ̫ˣҿС׵ԱߣĽǧѰе㲻ţˣȻϣڸոţֵʵ̫ͻȻˡ
ǻþҲˣֻЦô𣿡ƶͬʣͬе㲻š
˭СôСʵ
ûУ
еŮһҡͷ
С硭СѾȥˣӰ



261 ı仯
ɭùУλӻ˭Ȼǵ㡣
һλһ˵ע⣬ֻע⵽Ǹ߹ʣǰŵ档
ʶ˽޷󵽵ģҲⷽȥѰ˭뵽̬ʮ㣬ǫǫĳ֣ҪǺ㡣
ǫǫϹϵ
ǰǼܵģǲˣǴ֪ġ
ˮİϻ֮ݣͿһֻɫѩҹſһ߿ǣﻹҧˮǱܲԸ
ı飬Ϊٷְٿ϶ֻѩҹСס
ǣ˹ȥ
С׵ʱΪ˭ֻǸоϢеϤеİջؿǵ񣬿㡣
Сסˡ
ʶСףں֪ܲˮ彡΢΢һЦ˵ţȥС׵ĴԴ
С׵һӦǰ𣿺е㲻Ծôô᣿
ķӦΪģ֮ôᣬǼƭģһʲôı
ţһУЦص
СΪֵĶҪǰһĻԼԴѾ׼ȥӭ
ǾΥĸоȴûеһֺḧСۣǲ΢Цоԭΰ
εĻôͻȻ֣ôôĶԴԼΣһжΡ
ΣоǺܲС׺ܵĻӦḧ
ʱССĽС磬СԼߣȻ򻹶ŵ㣬вʵ˵ڵء
С㣬þû㻹ûжٳ߰
˵ǺᣬûԹصʱ򣬻С㻤ڻУûܵκεײ
ʵҲ֪СˤҲ£ֻøûžͻţǺ׳֡
֮ԻᵹأҲΪС㣬ҪǶڵϣҲһƫκεķ
С㲻һ
˭˵ûߵģҳ˺ܶˣСſû˼һһԹ˵ûгߣǲ
΢΢һЦʵ߶ˣ
ô࡭СĴָʳָűȻָľ룬ֻпһ϶

ɣŽϵСƿǺܲң
ˣŰɣֻεıСǰȥ
ǰ⻹ʣȻȺûзӦ﷢㶵Ůǡ
ˣСҲתתȥģڿı仯֮Ҳ㣬㻹ûдңҰɣҿ⵽ǲΡ
Դˣ΢΢һЦȻС׵ԴûС֤ʵǲεԸʵ֡
þûˣǶðɡ΢Ц˵΢Ц
áǶܺãƶĽǧѰһȻʶĻشţҲСһ뷨ǲΡ
ΣΪʲôͻȻ֣ʺãϻ΢ЦǸеŵǣƺ仰иеһĹС
⻹ûн㻹˵һЩһЩ顭
ĽǧѰ˵ĽǧѰգȻһ㣬Ҫ˵һտ֡
ĽǧѰһʱûӦû뵽ǵգһ˵տ֡
ûգǰû˵
ڣȴˣһ˵ļ򵥣ĽǧѰòʵеλá
ʲôǲе㾪ϲи㾪ϲģҲ׼ģһһϲġ΢ЦذըеŮըκġ
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⻰ȻеֱӣҺϴʱȻﲻͬôһƵ˼ֻһ̬ȴȫһˡ
ĽǧѰĽӹ׹оλˡ
㣬İ𣿡ĽǧѰɻŻһֺԻõ˵ţǣǸңǲ
Ǽ٣ֻԼˣ˵ǣ𣿡㵭˵һֱĽǧѰ˵ԼʶǸ㣬ǣŹ
ҲţĽǧѰҡͷҲողеϣʧҲûϢڼмǺֹĵȴ
е㲻ϣǰԭ㣬ٰģټȴ仹ϣҪʧҪ
ֻܸߣǸ㣬ҵΪֹΨһƷԵĻͰҺúõıɡ㵭˵
һᱣ棬һֱڱţҲ֮ǰΨһ͸ҵڲΨһˡĽǧѰЦˣһָоǰ˾ԭȵ㣬Ǳ˼ðȻе仯ǻģҲǺõı仯
Ҳţ㣬ҲôᣬһǧѰҾãҪһ£ǺܱҪġС˵ĻìܣȻ˵ţΪʲôΪأ
ʲôأЦʵ
ÿһ⣬شˣǾͨˡСЦ˵
ƺоСͼҲô⡣
ðɣʲôʰɡ
ʵһ⣬ܲܽʳùȨңС⣬ȻܺԸ
Ը㣬滹ƽ֣Ҳʵһ档˵

Сһ˵㲻㣬㲻棡
õѾˣЩûиͲӦҪرЩҴûʲô£ЩӦõģԺʳôô˵š
Сסˡ


262 ҵ̫
Сûһ˵ԼӦõõ࣬ὫЩࡱĲֽԼ
ûһôغԼ˵Ҫԭ
֮Сһ仰
㣬ǲֵõʲôƵĻ˰ɣ
ҲֻܽΪʲôͻȻһ棬Се뷨
˵Ļôһ㡣С˼ֻҲƭˣʵĻش
ԲΪС棬ԲǮˣԲžЩСǮЩѾҪˡ
ΪҪһµΪԲԸϳһ˿仯øӵνʲô¶ô⣬ǰִŵǮƣҲǰˡ
ȻЩ뷨ʵϵ׻ûбԭǲǾԣǾͲö֪ˡ
УС꾪ʵոֻ̽Եġ
ţԵĻεõǮһҡͷֱӵؽ˵
ʲôβС꾪ˣŮһȵĿ㣬һңе٣Ҳô˵
̫ȣֻСҶѡƽ˵Լ˵ȫһ΢顣
СңҲ׵ģǮ˹壬Ҳ޷ҿڣǲǿŵ˵ֱ˵зȨģ˾ˣ͹ұǲܶġ
ȻǽЩֻһСĳСҸųˣֹҲӦýйңӦýе
΢΢һЦ˵Ժٺ˵ʱҿǲСΪ㻹ұȽεģֻҲްãݸʺ¡
ްҵĴС㣬û˸ǣڰȫҪúܶ࣬ްĻҲһʥ֮ǣǾ͸ȫˡ
СȻҲʺϣҪܶ׼˵ͱȽ鷳
ǰĻСú⣬ǺĻɫ䣬Ǽģ㡪
ΪʲôҪˣǲҪƲңֲ˵ԭֻΪҪƲңҪǸްҸ㣬붼Ҫ룬֮ԼģһӶҪƲң
ڹڼСѻ˵ʵеģ壬֪˻ΪСڳܣΪʼСˡ
ã˶֪С֮Ĺϵ֪֮һԼԼ˶ڶԷδͬ±Էֻ˫ͬĲƲϡ
һҵ˽飬Լ޷Լ㵭˵ͣǿСԹЩҿͲһ¡
ֻضС˵С꣬һΪãĻͻܶ಻Ҫ鷳Уһֻһǳںϴһ
㲻ҪƭҡСʵǿһ£ϣƭԼºҪҪĿȥеĶʲôһҡ
΢Цʵƭ𣿡
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ǾͽˣĽǧѰգǼףɣ㿴˿ŮǣȻȥ˼кѾҲûˡ
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㣬ǧѰɣô˵ҲաƶҲֻǾѣΪԼĻ¡
ΣעģƶĻ֮ˡ
ðɣҾɣѾпû˰ɡٹʮգϴηֱ󲻾á
ţˣôõģϴʥѧԺʵԼģֻ㲻Ըǡƶ˵ţвûԹ˼Ը񣬲ȥԹԹ㡣
ֻǷƶԹ˲ᡭ
ߣ˵ŰʦҲȵǡǸʱҲȻ˻ᳪָ£ֻпܳôС꿪ʼЦ
֪֪ͣǰޱҰ鳪ҶܾСıӣֱ˵һҲŵʵ
Уޱܣ鳪ֻˡС濤ͬʱ
ţֻҲԸ鳪е㷳˵

ȻԴԸô䶼һںһرĸо˾ԴĿɰԴĺȻ
ŮǵԺͬʱֳ뷨
޻˵˰ǲǼոյϷÿһ⣬Ҳһش𡣡΢Ц˵̬Ƚ׺ͣһ졣
ȻǺͨı飬ǳǲģŮҲʣͬʱҲϧһʱ⡣
ʣ㣬ʲôʱҼƸ񡣡Цʵ
ҿǺˣǲҪȢŵĻҵ̫
ߣ
һ
㣬ްʲôϵ˵Ǻе㲻岻ġ濤Ƚϰԡ
˵ҺѾ˵ˣ

һ
һĻش󲿷ֶǴЦʵģҲ⣬ΪʱֻҪľͺãҲҪĴ𰸡
ҪһЦţѵôϣǸǲ顣
ĽǧѰȴҶЦĲˣʱҲˣʳҪ֪⡣
㣬ǲһֱɭ֣
ţǵطȽʺС
ԺҪȥΣյĵطпҲϣ¡ȥĽǧѰ˵ѾȫǰˣҪϣԺԲΣյ顣
ģԺ󲻻ȥǵطˣѾûЧˡ



263 Ĺ
վۻβˣţΪ
ûвɢϯ͵ɣҾȻط㱧Ų֪ǲ˯ŵС˵ͬʱ׼С㽻ƶ
ʱ򣬷ƶ仰֮ƺһҪ⣬ԼЩ˸ˡ
㣬ס
ƶһ涼ˣڲԼûʹҪ⡣
ǵڻûôôɳûôҵġ
˶㣬ȴĻش𣬶شǸе⣬ͬʱҲǸ̾
Ҿסõ꣬ߵһݣȥʱ˵ֻˮİϻԾ͹ǲСףôɣǶڡȻػصûҲûбҪȥ
ԭǸݱסţ˵ǸǫǫĹӾˣСʵȴһʳҶȥʵ⡣
ӣǫǫй𣿡㱻СŪһ㶣Ȼ֪Ӧ̸֪֮Լ˲˵ע⡣
ǰһ˵޹أڡƶ˵ţͬʱ㣬е㾪ĸı䡣
ô˵ƽʵ
ڣȫԷǫǫ͹ʣǰˡеŮͬʱ˵ﾹȻûһ죬ŴһЦһˣϹȻǺ
ҲɣľҲһ仯һңôǻҪҪû׷ҡ΢Ц˵
СС꣬濤ͬʱ֮ĽǧѰƶֻ΢΢һЦǶֻ֪Ц
ʲô㣬ڱӺܳģкܶ׷ģǲջᣬʱͺҲˡ˵ţȴ͸¶һ⣬һ׺ͣһֹ
ŮǶΪ֮һǴûʣ˵ĸӣȴøоԴһ㡭
˭׷㣬ɡСܲ˵
˵ֲţ˵ȸŮҵѡΧԣú˵һСı飬һСһƷӣȥƴ
ҺãһĽǧѰסĽǧѰҲֻסȴûס͡
ûĵĻ쵰СΪ£Ϊ飬ȴѱСųˣǲҪСŭ
ųѵ㻹ҪΪҵİ̫𣿡㲻²ػص
СһӾסˣͣסеĶʱԼôʲôԼʲôϵ
СɴûһԼΪİ̫ԣӲŶԣûŮ֮飬ɣû뷨
㿴ŷ㶵С꣬΢΢һЦ˵ˣʲô˵ҶϢɡƶСͽˡ
ҪС㽻ƶΪСѾ˯ˣѾû˵һֱĿļϣҪ˵ˣڳ˶Ϊ˯ˡ
ŮǶԼˣԭС㡭
С磬Ҫ㻹ûлشҵⰡСĻո֮󣬾̧ͷʵ
˶ʱеû˯ﻹҪϣһôġ
ʲô⣿Сողû⡣
˶һ⣬ҵȻҲУС磬ǲƫģ⡣Сܲ˵˵
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ţ˵ģҪʺö⣡СƺܰջᣬȨ
õģʰɣ
һ⣬ʣС磬ʲôʱԵģ

С˵ԵĶҪģԺĵĽǰ棬һߵŮǶ̾ϧҲġ
ϲĻϣ͵͵ԵģҪЩ鿴Сĵ˵ţ±ײԷʱ򣬺ܲڡ
ţС̵ͷ⼸ҲһĸܣȻʵûʲôóԵġ
㣬ûҵķݣƶ廰뵽һʱǸӶʱһ·Ͷ׼Ͷ
ڣҪٴγԵʳҲ⼸ñȽ϶顣
Уʳ׼ĺܳ㣬һԵĺ١Ȼػش
ţȥǱߡ
ҲȥС겻
Ҳһ١
ҡ

µĽϵͽȺ顣
ڶ⡭С˺ܾã벻ԼҪʲô⣬˵ֻҪͿˡ
ˡ
С磬ǲҪһСң׼ʲôطģС˵Ȼ˵Ǿһ򣬲ȥء
һû֮һСȥ½ߣûʺϵġƽ˵
˵СʱŮǶȥСһС裬ǾȵķСĴڣһֻɰС
Сʱ̧ͷ̬Ǹ߰˵ֻҲŷ㣬Ƕûᡣ
ŮƺоСġʾ
һҪڴ½𣬲ں𣿡СͻȻ˵һôҲĻҶΪʲô㡰ʲôطһҪ㡰ºеĵ
еСҲʱҲ㲢ûС⣬˼Ҳֱӵ˵
Ǿ¶֮ģʱСҾ󣡡С˵˵š
ʱûȥСΪʲôҪ֮עǺǾ仰СҪΪ
Ҿ˹ҲܳΪ󡣡ҡͷ˵֪СûǸ˼ֻǿе㲻˽⡭
ΪʲôܣСǲǲϲңһ𡣡СС˵еί
һĲһҪ󣡡
һ𣿴Ҳ˵һԡСܲؿ㡣
ǹǹãǹ΢Ц˵軹湻ãģҲֻ˵˵
ҾԶСһ𣡣СǸ˵˵š
ǹǽ㵱ȻҲǹˣԺҾǧѰĽǧѰҲСĸȾҪԶ͹һ𡣡
ҲҪ¹ңҲһ룬ҵȨС˵
ȻҶǹҲһƶЦ
ǾͱˣɰĹá濤ϲŷƶҲӿɹˣ
ǶǹλþֻˡЦ˵
УռǱˣҲһЩ㣬ãŮ˵
㿴ЩŮУû뵽ԼƻûʽʵУȴѾô࡭


264 Ů
ڶ峿֪һŮѾݣǸʱ㻹³š
ϰߣŮǶ֪һ߿ţʱֻǸ̾Եⶫסͬһõ꣬ȴһһ
סڸĻһ֪ôԵϰߣôһһ˿ǵڶΣܻпġ
ΪԵ֣סͬһطҲΪԵ֣ͻȻС׵ϢĽǧѰվۻϡ
ϻ˵ԵǧᣬԵ治꣡
ȻԵⶫҲ̫Ʈ죬ҪȥоıȽϺãֻҪϧǰͿˣЩŮһǶһͬľҪ㿴סʱҪͻȻ뿪
ס˵ð취Ǹһȥһ
ھǵһȻһͣ͡
Ҳûʲô⣬ֻ͵ʱһ䣺ܣҪþǷ֣ʵǹģȻԣҲ˵㣬Ķ㣬ڶ͵һӦþ͵ԡ
һ乻ģŮǶܣСǵͷһͬеı顣
㣬ǰǲģѵҲˣʵӡ̵ľ޳ܣоȫ˵ĸܡ
ѵ˵Ѿȫһӣ
ţұˣҪҸ߹󣬲ҪЩСƻˣ˭ǫǫĹӣԵĻһƭľ̫̫һ˵
ߣջԼе⣬ԣȻô޳ܣֻ޳̬ȱǰ߹ˡ
ʱˣԸһֻǣȴһԸޱĴ
΢΢һЦ˵Ҳ֮ںʵҲΪ·һ飬ҵĸоҡ
Ѫǣľ飬Ӱ̣е㺦뾫һͬòͣȻֻе㣬ô΢΢һ㡣
һ飿ǲǺƶʵеζҶ̶»û˵ֶһ
Ǿ仰ǲˣҲϲбŮǰһߣԼȥҲŮϲռɡ
ĽǧѰϲŮԽԽãԼܵܵλãĵȻϣԼĵܵܿ檵ģӵڶమŮҲϲЩŮܡ
ȷǺʵشѪֻһо飬ǲɷϣȻǰЩŮеʧɫ
һʼֻΪ鶼ģӴľ˲ŷ֣ԭѪһ࣬оȻҲܿǶû̶ȡ
ѪȵģֻЩеĶŮ
ȿȣмҲ׼֣ȽϲŮԻϻֲͬȻϲŮԻѵϲ͵ġ
ߡŮǶͬʱţΪǲˬ
ôˣоŮǵĲˬһ䣬֪ڲˬʲô
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廹͵츳廹΢һ㡣
ŮǲҪ𣿲Ҫٶ˵ϲСϲˣСЩŮɫͨһ
һ׼Բѡѻ˵ı׼
ǣԲǣһеģȻеǻŮԻǾеġǸòỳŮҲֲɣûһŮԵ˵ȻȽ΢ǱȽԵġֱӻص
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Ůһ߲һĿ⣬⿾СǴΡ
þûˣû뵽ξȻԼ⣬ǰǸԼˮ˵ûбԼˮˡ
Сûͳˮˣ㻹ʲô
ǸӦ֣Щ˶ڸʲôΧһʲôʲôζ㰡
ûгԹ⣬ζҲûŹҲΪʲôҿԭ±ŵ
ǾӦԴҲô̫⣬ΪǣôͻȻȺŮһ𣬶ദΣѾʶܾˡ
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ǾӦֻǻȥ˵£ûжȥоʲôǵɣҲܲЩ
ŮǵͿʼˣͨͣŮǺΨһһС㣬һԵĲǿ⡣
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㽫ָСףСС꣬ˣΪСֻˮСɵϣĿ⣬лĺ߲
ȻûʲôرģȴһܰȻĸо


265 Ů
㣬׼ȥ
ȥ䡭
͹һӣ׼뿪ݼ⾫ǣзƶĽǧѰڣʰоֵͲȥġ
ȵȣǺһȥĽǧѰ˵
ðɡһ󣬴ӦҲ˶ʱ䡣
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໡С׼ˣϿʼ໴УͬʱòײųԵĿ⡣
ҳԵҾԲ㣬󻵵ôôĻС׿㣬ί
ô߹ôǫǫĹӣôǻص
һ󻵵кܶ󻵵ƶ˾˵ģСʶ˵ţе㲻ԾǾ벻
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С׳Ĭˣ뵽һص⣬öԼĻǾͱʾԼԺǰԹˣöԼĻˣǵһˣǾҪùˡ
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һеһУ޷ǣҲ޷ֻԽԽŨ
ҪùϵһĻҲһẦŵͷֻľͷϵģ˵ԸȥԼ
ѵľͷˣԸԼˣƶ
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ֻǾ仰еʧҲѾϰˣӰ첻̫ĺ顣
ƶЦЦܴ󷽵˵ʱûУԺûУԺ˭Ҳ˵壬ڳȥְɡ
Ҿ˵룬ŮˣҾĶѰ΢Ц˵žǰ뿪
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ǡ
Ϊʲôڱɣ㣬ΪʲôҪô籨һʮʼ
죬ȥֻΪг̸ոպڱĵص㡭


266 Ԥѡ
һĹ㳡֮ϣǴ½һ㳡λһĳ޷ԿԱġ
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Ҳ֪ԼΪʲôôĻش𣬽Щ¸ǰ깫ӣԼҪش𣬾ǰĹϵʣ޷ܣ٣Щ޷ܡ
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ŮˣǾһһεľ֮ǸŮģǲΥ֮κ˵Ҫʡȥ⣬ͱȥŮ̸̸㻺˵˼оҪȥŮ˵¡
ƶƺҲоԾӣСѵ㣬㲻ҪŮ˵ģ仹ˡ
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⵽ʲô¶ȥʣ᲻ˣ᲻һеһжȥʡ

죬ƶŮ˾죬ÿ춼һһȥ棬Ȼһȥ˯ȻǷֿط˯
һ죬ǳĿĻʽȫĿ飬ŮȴעġաᣬС͵ģֻǡ
㲻ôϲһ𣬶Ҳôϲ˹һţԽֻǵģġ
ڿĻʽأй
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ѾˣҲѾˣʱʮգǶʮһ꣬ʱҴҵĹȥ
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Ҳô⣬һִ˲ƣֻһֱͻƣһֱУԼҲ˺ܶȤΪУҲԼԸӵĶ˶ʡ
ȴһܴ⣬ȥУܿûԱûǻж˶ʵ
ŴҵĴ𰸶Ƿ񶨵ġ
ȻʵĻԱǾͲɣȥԼӾʡ
ڻȥԭʱ䣬ûǰûУûУҲûУ
翵飬ȥ룬Ҳȥǣһʵˣ֪鷢һҲѾǲ˼ˣǾԲܵġ
ǻˡԼǰ׼һеȴԼŮǣͺ΢Ц
ǻ˰ոպã׼ˣǿʼɡƶվӭ΢Ц
⻭棬ôؼҵɷ֮ĶԻʱҲûȥ룬ΪŮҲͷƶһֻɷƶѡ
Ȼ˶ڵУôȥ룿
ᣬܼ򵥣ûжķ粨Ҳ̫֣Ҷضȹʱ⣬ܰʱ⡣
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ϻǳ½ĸƼһЩ˾ΪԼûϣڣҲΪԭ
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ȽʵʵģҪҡչʾһԼĲܣáϰ塱ԼȻԼƸȥ
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˵ͨıЩԤѡûжעģǳͬԤѡҲͬкܶΧֻۣΪѡָǸеĸ֡
ӵѡֵ֮һŮ֣˵㹫ӣ㲻μӿĻʽҲҪ㵽ѵûǵһսѡ𣿡
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ôɣΨһʣµǩֻһԼŮ˵еǩ㡣
ǩѾɣȻûвμӣȴӰΪΨһһûˣʣµǩġ
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˳ĻһΪʮ죬ڶΪ죬Ϊ죬ԺĶһһ֣ʱ䲻ĻϻСǾش
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Ǳߣ㿴һԼŮлϲԹ
ͱˣΣǸ΢Ц
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268 ѾԶҶȥ
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Ҫɱްްиһ𣬶˵ʵֲ̫ˡ
ߣ仰ԼԼĴް˵Ѿ׼ºԸȲˬš

ŮӼҵģ˵㣬ҪɱɱģҰܺͲҪŸˣȻҾʹСƨƨ΢Ц˵
ްһƬ糺죬һۣ
ţ㣬ģһģڵҿǺģѾԶҶȥ
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269 ı׼
㡭ްһߣ˫֣Ҹ
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㣬ҪȥһŮ֪ˣԭԼо鷳


270 ѩʧ٣
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ˣһ㵽ڻôԺġ㿴Űޱı飬֪ʲʲô쵽о֣Щ鶼÷֪ЩرЩֵע⡣
˭ԺˡޱίСţֻҲûа취ȥĻ˵ԺûȥעЩ£ע档
ްӦ˵һ㣬˵˵ʱֻܰϣްϣȻҲ񾭴顣
Ҫ˵ر飬֪һҲѩ飬йأҲеϵ֪һ㡣ްصΪǰôһ֣ѩԸˣѩѡҲûж
˵ްûĿһۣƶǾȫǶ㿴۹лһԹҪ֪鲻˵ǹѾԹ
ӸոտʼǾͶѩйϵ⣬ǻ֪ѩѩ飬һʳЩʱ򣬾֪뻹ѩ飬Ǵûм顣
֪ǰʲô¶⣬֪ѩ򲻼ˣҲֻŶһȻͲŲˣһȻô⣬֪ҲѩеλãǻҪһ㡣
Ȼ㣬Լ뷨
ڣް˵ѩԣǶû˵ģֻ֪˶й¶˸Ͳö֪
ˣڣҲû֪ǴڻʹѩݵϷ룬ѩָʧļ䡭
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Щˣƶʱüеް仰֪ΣԶе㴥顣
ţûгޣȨ̳лλԻǾͱȽżްص˵֪ġ
ΪǡֵġŬ£ѩ¼ңȴ١ݣǸɶ⣬ߣ˵ʱȻ
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ްĻʾͬȷȱһѣϲһϲһУҲȱϲġ
ް÷ƶŮĪĻѾϰߣһص㣬ֱ˵
ʱ淽㣬˲ôɫֱ˵Ļ
ʵѩҲܺã˵ĻͲô鷳ֻʺϡ˵
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ߣҾ֪ġްܲ˵˵㲻˵Ĭϣ
Ѿͷ첻͸ϷߣްǡвްһҪָ߹󶼲С
ߣԿٸ۸ңҾͺû꣡ް̻ػ
ûû֮꣬һֱûûˡܲ˵

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ûУҪˣһû˵ް˵
˵㣡ްû˵
ҿһֱô˵ѩ顣ô棬ްҪһȭҪӦ˵ѾֱӴһȭСȭֱϡ
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ްѩⶼʲôķӦʲôµı仯һߵްոûзʲôһ
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ѩȻǷԣ´Ҷ֪ޱӦҲ֪СûҷԣҲãͲĿŵĲҡǰҾ׼ڰǾл񣬺Ҿûټѩˡ
Щ֮󣬾˵һ仰ڳһһ㶵ġ
һΪʲôҪ£ӻǾ顣


272 ɼ۸
ӻ飿
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Ƕ˵ǲ˼Ҳ飡
ܰɣѩ̫ʰɡƶе͵ʵ
ǰǹӻĻԺôȥ񣬻ҲΪߣпܲĽǧѰͷ
ԲܣѩεˣǲԸ⣬ҲӦǷԣӱܡޱǲѩӻ顣
ΪʲôܣΪʲôʣӻȻʧȥݣȴõɣԼϲһȨҲûС飬ȴô⣬ֻǵ˵š
Ҳ˻˵Ƕôӵһٻ󣬵һЩ˵УⲢʲô˵ȥٻɣΪɼ۸ߵģͻٻѡɡ
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ѵõĳƪ£ŮǶĬˣǶĻЩпȴûоġ
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ʱ˵򵥵飬ȴҪܴѩӻĻҪǷǳģ͵ڷһУ۲һ˿ȡġ
»Ҫٲ֤һ£ް㵽ʱ취ȥ飬ѩǲѾˡҲֻǲ²⣬ԻҪȥ飬ްΪõѡ
ΪʲôңҲûȥЩȥ飡ް˵ǲԸȥ飬ֻ֪˵仰˼һ˻ȥ飬Լǲʥ֮ǡ
ȻٴοˣްôʧԼǰ𣿲ǾԲܵ顣
ް뷨ûᣬֻתģǰôû뵽ʥ۹ŮҪһ˻ڲڻʹġÿ˵ĻֱӺް˵ɡ
Ĳ˵׾ͽˡ
ŮƶĽǧѰ˶࿴˿ԷԽԽˣѩޱŮģЩô㳶һġ
ͬʱŮҲôһ˿Ϊѩ˵ݵλҪǸ߳ܶ࣬Ȼǲ⣬ǶٻԼߵĵλ
ȻǺ˼ģɲΪݵλκһˣѩҲֻһͨŮ
ҲΪŮ˽ԸԲֻһ˿İȻĻǽǺܶࡣ
ţˣģȥʱæ飬Ϣ֪ͨǣǣ㣬Ժȥްֱʵ
ǣǲ㣬Ҿ֪Ϊȥ飬ȥġû˵С㣬㲻ҪҾ˭Ҫһ
㣬Ƕ˭𣿡ްЦʵȫӵĻ顣
ҲڣֻҺС裬槼Сꡣֻǹ½洦ߣͲҪˡް̬ȺΣ֪ԼҪһ鷳ˣҪһ취鷳
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ȥϷȸ˵ɭֺҲһֱҪȥްӵĻ
ţȸҵó̱Ҳվ㡣ֱӵͷὫԼĿĵرܣ㱻ЩŮ֪Ρ
Ůǿ¶Ҫ֪ı顭
Ҫ֪ҵó̱ɣʵܼ򵥣ǻŴ½תƣó̵ʱصˣ
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ҪҲܼ򵥣ֻҪӶᷢϢҾͻյҪ˵һ㣬Ҫ飬ҪȻʱҾͲȥϢ
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ƶı飬һĪĸо˵ҵʺϵĵطһǻûҪĻǣҲסҵ
ţƶĽǧѰͷϴŵŵ΢ЦĵرѾڡ
ðôҿΪ㣬ҲӦøҵôȻǹĹҲǹˡСҲ˵
ʵܲܲ󰡣
У㶼һ˵˵֮󣬴ҶʼЦˡ
ЦްĻаޱͺܲˣǶ˵ʲôʲôģ
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ҪһСңԼǼĹˣ˵£ұģ㻹Ҫʥ֮һΡشĻްԺˣֻûȥܣֱӽתһ档
ްԺʵʲô£Ҹ㣬ý뿪ĻǾԲܵġ
ȻԺȴء
ԲǽڣйԺҸй°Ҫ£ǲܾҵġ΢Ц˵
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ģҪͨҵĹϵһƷ˵Ȼʹްϸ
ްܵ˵һʱ΢΢һ죬ǺܿͱĻסʱԼǵ״̬
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˾ͲˬˣŴҵްҵģһ˵СܣǸǲˬ
ʲôҲģʲôǲ֪ģ
С֪꣬¾ǲԸ飬ۺݺݵض㡣


273 ػʿ
˵ģްʵϵľ֮ޱչʾڴǰ
ϻʲôʱƭ㡣û˵
ްûаֱͣ˵⵹ûУȻܿɶ񣬵Ǵƭˡ
ּʵ㣬ҪŲǶõġ˵ʱްûмոյǴյ߼š
Ȼ㽫ܸȻǸ˵Ľܣ֪Ͼͻᱻ֪ҲһܱܶþǶá
ŮӾϲ˱Żзܣ۶СҲãǶܿģܵĴСǵĿĳ̶ȳȣεܿ˵ģްѾ۵ˡ
仹ǵŮǰЩϵеŮǰްоԼеĵλǺܸߵġ
ްͷӶϸһֱ飬ȫ˵Ĵڡ
ߣˣְѱĮˡޱе㲻˵˵֪Ϊ˲ѩ飬ǽΪϲްԼ
Ǿ𣿡ƶ˺ܺ棬ޱްὫ
˵ĻʱûУֻǾĮˣڳţ֮ǰޱĬһᣬĵ˵Ҳʱǰ㣬ҲҲֻްܽûǸ߹ǫ͵Ī̬ȡ
ޱĻŮǶĬˣǶ⣬ǰԼϤǸǸĪģǫǫ㡣
Ȼ߹ʻһȴȻˣٶ˵Ȼ˵ĻΪûмǰ㣬ҲʲôȻġ
ˣǻһûоʲôԾģֻǣڻָǲôо
棬ƶŮԿóްӰǺܴģһλǸްģǺررλãٲλá
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ϲһҲࡣܲ˵һСңǲްһڳĻаޱȥĻҲ⡣
ЩǺܲȷ⣬Ϊ᲻һһǴڼƻ״̬Ҳ˵黹ûо
룬ԸʲôܣֻԼڵĻŵģԸȥһ𣿹ƿԲ
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ˣܿǽǮõ֣½󣬾ҸطӣǵĹ°뱲ӡ
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С㣬СһȥɣްҪҪǣ㿪ʼˣȻ˵ĺȻֵҲܹȥĿȴɵġ
ҡðɣҾͲˡޱɫеȻʱ򣬵һ뵽ľ㣬ԲŻ㡣
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ᣬ˱׽ĸоô˵Ӧ˵Ȼ׺ֻͣмȴһ㱡Ĥ
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Ҳޱ˵Ļ㱡Ĥ͸ͻƣΪӱܣûȥⱡĤʱ˾ûȥһѵ飬ʵǲôѣǾֻԺ֪
Ǿڰޱ׼ߵʱȴһ£ͨް죬һ£ڳ˰𺳵顣
ʲôģ㲻ڿЦɣްĵĻ֮󣬲û̽ת㣬ǲŵĿġ
ĿģȻֿ㡣
һ̣ڳŮǶ㣬ɫɻ󣬺ȻոĵĻйصģոյĻǶ˵ġ
ɻؿģȻҲˣֻ֪˵ʲôôΨһһĽˡ
ģôô룬ʺϰɣ㶼˵ԺôһҲӦްòȰķһ뷨
ҡͷȻް
ðɣҾͰ˵һ£ҿɲұ֤ӦްеΣе㿹ܣֻĵҪ޷ܾ
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ţոյЩЩŮõĵĻƺ뷨Ҳ࣬ΪĶ˼
ʵȴǡ
ް㣬Ȼ˵㣬Ҫػʿ
Ҿܾ붼û룬ֱӻش
Ҫʿ㣬붼Ҫ룡
ʲôЦǿʲôЦ
ڹȥ飬Ǹ˶ʿˣҾԲʿһŮػʿ
ҪˣҲûкôȷֻʿַŻȥ
֣Ҳû˼ͿԵóʿǺûǰ;Ǯ;Ĺ
ĳƺˣǱģԺ󣬱ƺ󣬹ʹĽµʾͱΪƺ⡣
Ȼ⣬Ǿƺ⣬ô˼ѵҪ˲ҪȾƣ£绹ûôȽֻ˶Ⱦƣ˺ȾҪơ
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㣬֪֮߰󣬾һֱûػʿ𣿡Ŀ˵ĻްȻᷭ㡣
֪ܸɴػص


274 ʿ֮
Ҿ֪㲻֪ĻעЩ޹ؽҪ顣˵ֻû
Ǿ仰û˵ŮҲһһ뷨ȥЩ޹ص顣
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ܣ㲻Ҫ˵ĻĶ˵
ʲôް֮󣬾ͺɻʵǵԼ˵йصĻ
Ͱ޾ʱ򣬾Լʤʹ氢ޣΪҵػʿΪҵػʿһֱšĶ˵
˵𣿡еԺʱ밢޾ʱǴ״̬ûǼǵסʲô£ֻǴţмһЩϸھͲǺˡ
㣬ʱ˵ھʤĻµػʿҲûзԡް˵ⲢתģʱҲڳ
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ް֪㲻Ը飬飬վߣġ
Ȼ⻰ҲԸһ£ȻôԳõ۹Ů
ҲްǲǸĹǸ˼ͿԣֻȻеЦȴһʲôʱʲô綼еģų
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仰ڳŮУЩһҪ˵ĳ嶯⻰̫ɶ˵ɡ
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Ҳ׼ˣΪټȥҲʲôչ͵ԼһŮûʿˣ׼˵ʲôʱֳµı仯
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ˣ㣬Ǵ˵еĺҹʿǰޱĺҹʿƶ˿˿ԷƺѾ£ʱڰޱݳʱӢµ̬ޱĸԴ˵ɺҹʿ
ֻǲ֪ҹʿ㣬ȻҲᷢԺǴΧ顣
ǰޱĺҹʿ£֪Ҳôڳİޱͷƶǣˣȫ֪ôһ¡
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ǣҲ֪ΪʲôȨ
үֲǶޣǲƷʲô


275 Ҳʿ
ǰɣԭޱصĺҹʿ㣿ް㣬ôҲ˵е
˵ޱĺҹʿһӢۣаޱĵˣɨ尬ޱߵһкڰ
֮˵Ǻģҹʿ˵ȱ˵þһʥʿ
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ǣһ֪Ļ񻰾ͻᱻ𣬾ްһҲðޱˣһʿ
ڡ
㣬̫ˣޱĸҪ֪ݵĺҹʿɱĶˣʵ̫Զˡްֱӵ˵һҲ´㡣
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㲻֪ްеɻ
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ǰǶѾˣʱʢĺҹʿʱǶЦҪ֪ʵĻǽһôı顣СЦ˵뵽;úЦ
ʵ̫Цˣ޳ܣӿɶĻ쵰ȻǸ߹Ӣµĺҹʿ
ⶼʲôⶼʲô顣һʿĻǾһ߹ʥһʥʿǰȻ˵С˵ĻǿҷԴ˱Լʥַġ
ֻǣıȴֳŮǸ̿ʼЦš
ҪװˣһӶҪΪʿʵһʿûСʱĽǧѰҲһۡ

ֻҡҡͷȻ˵Ů˰ͷʶ̣ҪҶʿûȤһ֪ǵ뷨Ƕô޴
ǰǰ޴Ȼôһ𡣡ްػشǴ˵㣬Ȼô޴ӳٶһ𡣡
һʱ
ûֻɵϲϲɵϣǶһȺɵϣһٶ۵ɵϣĽǧѰЦ˵

Ĭһ֮󣬵˵ʵʲôԼҲ֪ҪһʱĴԻҲһˣǶǺŮӦúһ𡣡
仰ŮһһĪĸдֻ˵仰ʱ飬ҪǶȥǵʧ
оŮǲ֪δкܶˣеڻԼʲô飬Ҳ飬Ҳ飬ҲҲΣǲʲôǶ뿪Լ硣
ƶ΢΢һЦ󷽼߹ŮûзӦ֮ǰͿ˵һ仰ֻԼĸоˣҲҪף
ҲҪԣֻҪ֪ҵܾܵͿԡĽǧѰᶨ˵
ҸҪˣҶûиоֻҵĺϻ˶ѡߡСܲм˵
Ц˵ҲһֻҪҵϹĲҪ
ֻ⻰˱
濤Сû˵һֻŷƶһֻǸʳЩûио
ߣҲʲôоһҪ˦ңҲãҲãҶܡްǺܴ󵨺ֱӵ˵
ޱĿ˿Է־ʣԼû˵ˣǲҲҪ˵أ
ҵʿҵĺҹʿҲ뿪ҵߣ֪ϢҪң۸ʱҪڵһʱңҪ֪һϹҡޱ˵㣬̫Ҫ󣬾ʿҲ̫Ҫ
٣ڳŮǸеޱ⣬޷ţǰİޱǰǸָҺ۵İޱ
ҲֻΪޱڻ״̬ԼΪʲôҪôҪΪԼʿߡ
Ҫ˵ʲôȴԼ޷˵Ļ˵ĴǾͻû˼
Ҳ˵ԼǲһģԵ޷ֵġ
ԣΪʲôҪ˵ĻΪʲôҪһֲްֲϲǻӰ죬һ𣬾ԼϲҲᱻǸͬˡ
ĽԼ֮ǰЩ뷨ƵϣҲֻԭɲָ飬˸ûʲôǸˡ
ҲãΪһĻʹ࣬ҲӦ˵ĺʹ࣬ΪĻöĻȫˣ޷Լĸ顣
ͬʱҲõһԣڳŮʼնûĻȥһĽǧѰ˽֮飬Ӷһһİ㡣

ʲôұ𣿡΢Цţ嵭һεᣬ˸оУһַĵᣬ΢Ц
΢ЦŮǶΪ֮һЦʵ̫ټˣһӶȥػ
ֻܿ죬ĳ˾Ϳʼƻѵõա
ҵȷǺܳ㣬˳˧һַհǻǸϿжɣҪûװʧˣ˾ͺĪˡ
ߡ
û
˭ϲ쵰
ǣ

̫ˣˣʱǲҪڣòƺתȥŮǶϵ΢Ц
ȥŮǻΪֻװװȻͻͷȴûлͷ˼һֱȥ
㲻˰ɣҴ˻𣿡ްȥס㡣
СɵϣôСҪȥ䣬ģŮˣһûлЦ˵ˣҲʰʰʲôҷƶǡ
õģ㲻Ҫ¡ްԼҪһס飬һҪͷƶǺúõģЩ㲻ġ
ҲƶҲģԶû˸뿪Сܵߡ
㣬㻹ûлشǵ⣬㵽˭ʿޱ
ԼģҲʲôʿˣҲʿҲûãͻȻԼʿ˵
仰Ů֪飬ʿǣôΪޱĺҹʿôΪŮػʿ
һġ


276 
һߣһȺŮڽսǵսΪս㣬ȴںСһϳԶ
ǾСһ֣СĿȻʳûСʳ
˵Ľ룬Сһָӵķḻˣ뵽ģ㲻뵽ģﶼС
ѾˣֻǱСҪԲˡ
С㣬ûУڳеһСӣѾӵϣЩ̶ǵһ𣬲һеߡ
ºСԽֵϰ˽̸ʱǼÿҵ궼ֱŮˣһεӴĶ͵мרΪЩԶÿͶò
ΪʲôҪ˵أܼ򵥣ΪѾǵһˡ
Ѿ飬ϰǻԳʵǺܳôණһǡСŮ
һλһȺŮһֱˣҲǵⲻһΣһǻ˵ԼΪȺŮҲܳһ㣬һȺ˶ܳԡ
ʵǰԵֻ
ºϰĲȫͳƣǱԵһ˷ʳһǰһļͳơ
ŶŶԶСһ߳Ŷһ߻صشЩ岻ġ
㻹谡еε˵ѾһСʱˣǸóȥɢɢһˡ
ҪһҪԡСʳ˵ÿζǳ궫˵˵Զ˵һУʡ˲ʱ䡣
Զʱ򣬲Ҫ˵Сҭš΢΢üе˵࣬ȴϵֹһˮС㡣
ҲšȿȡС˵ʲôʱ򣬾˵ҭˣеˮϹȥ
ҲŲҭţոѣСȻϣʵǰΪ˲Զ
ˣԣȥһЩʳԺ󣬹ԹԵĻؼҡ
˵׼ȥҼСϲԵ̯λЩСԣǮǸС͹
ǮȻҪֳǮŻ͹Ȼ˭֪᲻ܵ
ҪҲ𣿡С
Ҳؼô㲻ܡеɻػص֪ΪʲôСʻ
һ˲ˣƶ˵㾭˲ܣߣСС죬ǲ˵˵
С㣬һ㻰ΪˡûһС㣬Ӹո仰Ե֪Сƶ˵ԼˣҲΪˡ
㲻Ҳ𣿡ССԴеɻ󣬡㲻Ҫ𣬲ǰһ𣿡
ô㲻ܣѾԸؼңʳˡеˡ
㻹ҪһﰡС㿴㣬ǿɰ
һʱ֪˵Ӧ˵ѡҪԶڸߣԣӦ˵
ǿĽţҲֻܺС㣬ҲֻСҪ͡
ŶСͣһ󣬲˵֪ˣҺһߣԴųԣҲ
ǳˡ
ãһԵĴšС㣬ǰ취ҲûУҪһҲС
ţСͷܿ콫ûһɨ⣬Ȼ˴СʳСԴš
ںǺڣΪʲôűͲ⸱ˡ
ڵһֱһѵʳ·ˣãٻ¶ԴС㣬ȫʳסˣ֪ĻΪһѰƶ
·ϵ˶Ŀɿڴͷǰٷ١
ȿȣƽÿ˶ҪͷΡ
С㣬Ǵ𣿾Ͳһ𣿡ĻԹС㣬ֻĶȴһ˼
ꡭ
СһһֱֻŶһֻץԣ˵Ķʮһ£Ҳǻͷʸߵԭ
ڲ󣬲ȻĻҶΪǸŮڵģùֻ֣̫иˣҲһֺ׽ĸо
С磬̫ˣֳҵʳһ㣬ôСص
ʲôģЩҵģġһ䣬Ȼʳӽ
ߡСҲûа취Ҳ⣬жûдģҲܺã϶Ӧ
СҪȫʳҪûС
صġϡţ˵ʱԽϵĶԽԽ٣ǹһСʱϵĶȫûм٣жĸо
ԽԽĺǾͺˣ¾ûмҲЩ֡
ϵĶ֮ԻԽԽ࣬ΪСڣ֪ıʲôģֻҪʳ֣ŵȻȥ
ʱͺֱӵС㡪
С㣬ô֪жģѵǰ𣿡
ûУҴû
ô֪кóԵĶո⡭
ŵģ

˵˵Ļ㲻ţС㣬ȴȥɣֻܵ顣
ڶСһ֪ó˵ı׼ƾ곤壬ǿֲ岻ȵʳĳѾԼҲһ
һ԰С㻮ǳ˷ΧȻĳԼҲǷǳˣʿ
ǵһ֣û򣬽һ仯ÿĽһ㲻ͬ
ڹֵʱһˣӦ˵ɺϡ
㣿һȺӭһ鿴һ£ȻǾȵĽе

㿴⾫֣ϸоԼܵùԶʱ飬ڳԶʱ飨·˾ֱӣ仹ǰ⾫顭


277 ݸ߹Ϳ
ѪǹӣôɰʳȻ΢Ц˵
ûľ飬ǸŹֵѪ飬Ѫڣ㶼ԼոճԵöʧȥζ

ǡһʳŽš
ʧȥζ
ѪǷǰ໹ôĿɶ񣬸ոԼӦúкװʶŶԡ
Լͬһ棬֪ͬԼʶһûòɶ࣬ǽһЦ
ΪʲôɶѪԼҲǾÿɶ񣬿Զ;úܲˬͻĲ̡
֪Ļͻֱӷʲôв̣ɱɱɱɱ㶼в̵Ļ綼ǲޱȵ˴ڣУҪ֪ɱˣָôأ
Ҳ㲻֪ʵѪǶɱ˵ǲ⣬׼ȷ˵ûɱ⣬Ѫǵ֪඼ôɶƻȻĴڣȻûл˼ȴ
Ҳԣͬģٻ
㣬ôѪҲͬ΢ЦʵǲƻԼԼȻɶࡣ
ֹģû뵽ôɣ㡣΢ЦţֵŵĹֻ⻰ȴеֱˣⲻڴ̼
㡭˴˱˴ˣҲ뿴ˣѪҪ쭣סˣԼ˵ţҪһʶһɶࡣ
ǼȻҶ뿴ԷǾټˡͲѪ˵仰ͲÿˣҸ߸ġ
ֻһ⣬Ѫվ·ϣ˴˵ŶԷȥ·Ըһ˵
λӢľС㹫ӣãҹȥ
Ȼϲ·˵ţһöԷÿ·ܶԷ˭ãίˣǰĻпܾǾ仰ùٹ
ЩȻѪ飬űȽϼԸ񣬵ʺǾúòҲȻԶΪ·ʧ
ô˵Ҳǿˣһ˶ᵱˣֻƽʱ˽ѣεĿ˾ͱȽ϶ࡣ
ˣ仰֮ȺС㹫ӶȻĴÿһ·мҲģǱ˾Ѫǡ
ãЦҪɶ·Ҫ·ŶԡѪǱҲ·ֻǺȴԼ·̫ûˣҲϹأƾʲôҪԼ·Լȹȥ
Ȼûòҡͷ̾Ǹоô˵أһ仰ݣȸ״
˭ûòɶ࣬ûò㣡ϸ뿪뿪ǣҲٿˡѪǱ⵹һϸĻðɣ̿ʼˡ
һߵѪ鶼ҡҡͷﰵˣҪˣϣҪ̫Ķ
࿴ܸ߹󣬵Ǵ̼˵ĳ̶ȴ˵ǿѵ˵ģԽǸ߹˾Խǵˡ
ȴ΢ЦýĿ˵ţѪǣ̫ʧˡô˵ҲǾĿˣ˵Ҫ뿪̬ǲеģȥҪúõķʡ
ѪǶʱưˣߴңֻǱǰϦƽ
ЩѪһѪ飬ڶͬı飬㣬ŴͣǶţһ죬һ˻Ѫ˵ѪǵĸҲѪ˵οһࡣ
㣡Ѫҧݺݵ³֡
ڣк̣ܵػʵɣ֪Լո˵ʲô
㡭ʵ̫ɶ񣬿ɶĻ쵰ѪȻ֪ˣֻ˵Ϊܴ˵Ļֻ⻰ʵ̫Сˡ
˵û˼С˵һС㶼һ㡣ú;˵ûʵ̫ˣԼ۸һ
ȿȣʵϣĳĳ˵۸ˡ
ÿˣؼҺú˵Ļֱ֣΢е㱩ֶνѪƿ
ֻе㱩ѣʹֽѪǵԼǰƿӶҲÿ
ѪǸʱҪ쭣Ϊ㾹ȻҶԳƸ磬ռˣû뵽ΪϾˡ
û뵽ƤҲôã۵Ůˡջֵʱ˵һ仰
ѪǱʱһڱ뿪ʱ򣬻ڷֱ˵Ǿ仰ŷһС
Ȼ쳹գ㶼ˣһˣôŮһһܷŮһļС
Ųôֱ࣬ӾʹС㴩ȺĿɿڴѪ飬׼ȥ
㣡첻Ҫ뿪Ҫɱ㣡ѪŭһȻͳ㣬òеʧȥǵĸо
ƾ㣬š֣ɵصסѪǷŭȭͷȻһѪƵһȥһߴš
ûˤҲûˣ赭дӦʽ˶ûмģʱѪǵûйѪǼȥ˼ۿ
Ѫʲô취ʲôʽɵĻ⣬ȻһδεؽƵһȥ
㷳ĻҾͰ˦ݶϡ֮е㲻ͷ˵ûʶˣѾˣʤԼʲô
Ҫ㲻˺飬ͽӳȥˣݺݵ˦ڵϣ޶ȵģҪѪǻͻˡ
飬Ҳ֤㣬ѪһˣһΣ˵Ѫֱ˦ݶϣҲ֮ǰɾˡ
ѪһҽУǳʹ˦ݶҲϣ˭ʹܲסͻѪҽС
˵ҲСӾҪܵѵ֪ʹصڴҵĶУѾѪǸееץˡ
ȴɴ׼ߣѪǵֻߣȴ߲һȺѪ齫Χס֮ǰѪһģиЩ
㲻ߣѵ֪˭ΪԼߵõ𣿡һǸ߹ѪС˵
ûȤ֪˭У˭ǾŮҲһΪݸ߹Ϳ𣿡ƽ˵
ֻĳ˺ˣʸ˵


278 Ѫӣ
࣬עԴǣŮǲðġУѪǡ㣬ҲӦððѪ顣
Ȼ˵һֱĴߣǰڱһȽǫǫĹӣ˵ڲϤ
ǰЩѪҲһȻ˵һ㣬·Ը⣬ȴҲô̫ʧ෴ոյѪǾͱȽʧˡ
ֻѪҲǱĳ˵̼ûиù·˼Ҹ·ġ
·ϣѪǿԿ϶һ£ݾԲ򵥣ֻ˲ϰ߱˸·ҺǾ仰Ȼһ㣬ȴ˵ݺпܲ⾫Ů
ܲ⾫ŮĹӣݾͿжô
ȻѪûе˴Ŀˣʲô˶⣬ǰҲԵ񲻴ڡ
ʱСͻȻС磬ЩҪҪǡǡ
СĳѪע⵽ĴڣڿһСŮһʳһߡǡĳţһֱʳո˵ʱҲڳԶ
ֻǣȻֻǸСŮǰһġֱҪԼЩˡ
ൽ˭ѵʥ۹빫
С㣬ôôҪԶ뱩鲻ǵݣһСԴȻ˵Զ뱩Ļ
ǷˣǸô죿Сʵ
С㣬⻹зΪ߾ͿߣҲûʧֻ𺦵Լ顣ŸСϿΣСõļֵۣҪʹñ
Ŷ֪ˡСһȻӣǽĻȴΪ֮أֻɻһ仰
Ӧʲô
ϲ飬ϲˣϲ飬Ҫ飬ҪЩҪĻǷһСõӣ໹ʥ
ǶԸˣҸôأСʵ
㵭˵ΣԼԼϲĵˣֻ򵥵İ취ǽȫʧ
仰һֳѻȸеľ鶼ĿɿڴĿ㣬ﶼһ¡
˵𣿶һǽԼá
ţСͷô棬ԣѾĻ˽Ժ󽫻Щʹߡ

ҵ飬ҪǶʲôѵΪһᶷɶ𣿡ѪǴЩΧɵѪ˵
ԭѪӰû뵽ŭԼѪ˵ѪԸԼģѪӾѪ鹫Ѫӡ
ߣ𣿡Ѫǲм˵
ˣû뵽ĲݣѪôһ棬˵ĻͱץסҪЮѪһ塣ҺãʱˡʻͬʱҲԼӣˡ
ֳѪ̱úܹŹ֣ΣȱС
ҵܲţߣˣˣѪȴûӰ죬һ̬Ȼص
£Ҳ֪ûйϵֻѪǱѪһǱһܳȥҲѪżֻǵ˲⡣
飬ҵȷܲţҲһԼҪԼܹҵ𣿡㵭˵
ңôûǱһѪǷԼȷûʸ㣬Ƕ˵Լȴϡ
ƾĹҪʤң±Ӱɡ˵Ҳʵڸ񶷷棬Ѫǲʤ㣬ٶʱ䣬Ҳһ
ΪҲѪǵķӦ;ֱȥ
Դ࣬Ҫʤֻһ׾ٵ飬ֻ㲻ұһĽڣѪǵ·˫ſȥ
ôŮһ鷳ǲϱǸŮˣⱲͶ̥еᷳؿѪǣھˣǷС
ʲôϱӣʲôͶ̥ҡѪҪ˵ʲôסˣû˵룬ԼΪʲôҪɶ˵
һߵѪǻͣĻﻹǱ飬ǳԾ֡
ûбеĻҽŮˣ㳤ñŮ˻Ůˣ˵飬ŮˣѪ鹫ôĳƺŰҪӺˡƽ˵š
ʲôŮŮˣǡѪŭ죬ŮŮ˵û󣬼Ƣһγ֣֪Ϊʲôȴסˡ
㣬ҪһҾܾ㽫ΪѪһĵˣҲΪһ岻ܻӭˡѪǶ˵
вҰɣ΢Ц˵֪Щвҵڶڶڸ򹤣ǿһķϣѾںȻŮ˵ˡ
Ȼ΢ЦҲƽǸ˵ȴ˿ûб
һвԼ˺˵ǰĲǾ飬˵ĻѾڵϡ
֮ԶԾ˿ݣϲ飬ΪһֺвԵ壬ٶ˵
һ˶壬ʲôԣȻ˵ûвǵ£ٺƽ壬ΣٵʱҲΪޡ
㡭Ѫǿʼе㺦㣬Ҳ֪Ϊʲô֮иڸΣյĴڡ
ֻΪѪӣ𣿣ȴܵͷɶͷ
ֻҪұһˣͲ㣬ˣҪܳͷѪóŵĹһƽš
ܺãҴӦ㣡ͷˣӦˡ
ԭǱþûùˣˡ
һóһ壬ȴ֪ϣ̬ڣȹһ׻ݡ
ѽѽޣⲻڹүǰˣ


279 ȼ
׼ԣĵĻģҲе˷ˣѪǾʵ
ʲôĵģʲôģʵʻѪе棬ʱԷ¹
ĵģǱȱӣڰʲôǻĶأǾͼˣ滥ǸʲôҶһĿȻˡ˵ȻиõķҲԣȻ
ߣʱ˭֪أģѪǻȻûȥеǵζ
УѪ˵Ҫʱ򣬱ϵѪϾҪԣֻȴѪһ仰ȥˡ
ʲôǣҪԣ֪Σգǲ쵰һѵҺܲˣѪǻһܵѪ飬ѵΪҵļһ࣬ǲҪˣѪһ֡
ѪǺԺ˵ţΪԼļԺš
Ѫһ֣㿴Ѫǣеɻ
ôǲǺˣµľ͸Ͽ䣬õ³ܡѪǽ˵š
㿴ѪǣʵѪжٸ֣
ǧɣҲǺʲôѪһûзӦʵʵػش⣬ͣʱ򡪡
㣡ʲô˼ǲҪ˵ûҪѪûйֲұɵһ֣ѪǿɲǱˣĻкײ³ŵĺ塣
˵ģҿû˵һر飬ôҺУڴ̼Ѫǣ֪Уڴ̼Ѫǡ
˵ûҾ˼ǽֻһ£ѣҲῼǻ漣Ϊǧеĵһ
ڿѪǣʹţ̼ţ
㡭㡭Ѫһα̼˵
һȺǣǼĿɿڴС
ʲôǽͣѡطǱһ£һ㣬ҲԮǵĵڶҲԡ㻹ģòƶȫϣжԷԮ
ƾ㣬һ˾Ѿ´ˣҾһ岻࣬Զ١ѪǺܲм˵мͬʱҲм塣
ʹˣ˶ϲԶ٣Ҳǣϲ΢΢һЦȻ˵ĸ֡
һ۶࣡

ʲôһ۶ࣿѵ˵һѹһȺѪ⣬Ļеʡ
ͬʱһ۶ڱϺԶзֱ𣬻һѹˡ
ߣѪҲˣֻǶߵžʹǰһطһȽϿտѵ
;еʱѪߵЩѪһֱȰ˵ѪǣȰ˵ҪΣյķʽԣʲôʧĻô񽻴
ֻѪȴ־ᶨҲƣô˵ҪѪεͬʱҲֻԮˡ
ȻǵԮ˵֣ǸѪǰæĹ֣ҪԮǿѪˡ
ҪʱģòѾϲˣѪѾվڳУ֮нףѪǵĽ顣
Ȼ˵ȽϿɶ񣬵ʱѪǻ̫صˣ׵ľȽ׶ãҲ׿
ʼɣѪ𹭣֧׼С
оһУѪ˵š
ȵȣȴʱԵֹѪнŵ飬һʧ
ôˣ㺦ͶüѪǽ˵
ûзڿҲҪҰѹ֧ɡҡͷѪּԸеô˾ȻûзԼлûйѾʼ׼ˡ
ΪʲôԼĹⲻĹѪǲҲˣʵ̫˵㣬ʺֱԵĳг֡
ˡ˭йһ¡ѪҲȥûУֱŪһѹԴ֧
ãһѪǰ㹭

Ĭˣ˭˵һ崿ˣȻǱ棬һжǱ档
Ϊʲô뷨ܼ򵥣ĹͿףǹʦùǴ칭Ǹ֡
Ϊһ֣һ۾ͿѹһѵĹΪ̫ˣ߰ʮףڵǣѪһףһֻ߰ʮ׵Ĺôȡ
ǿͻù϶Ͽ
ҲףѪǲԼˣԲŻ²ߡֲǸոôôòóԭо
㲢ô飬ڼ֧棬Ȼֻм֧ٵһûмͷ
ˣ룬Ѿ֮жˡ
ԭǴľ飬ǼʶˣŹ˵ĶѪһɻ󣬲֪˵ʲôЩѪе졣
࣬ǶԲ㣬ǲ˺
ʼɣҲһ˵ôĸֻҪ˷˷Ϳˡ
ˣѪ˵һ䣬žϼ׼㣬ſ֧ҶȥٶȷǳĿ졣
ţûͣ£ǽӶǶȿƵĺܺãӸǶϮһ˵Ļ޷ļ
ѪǵļеûѣпѪеĵһ֣õģȻԼ⡣
Ըļ꣬ȫȥ㣬ֻҪ־Ϳԣ
Ǻڳ˶һܲ˼飬Ϊ˼飬ǿһ֣ûһƬӰϮļֻ֧֧֧ļС
еҩˣ΢΢һЦǶصһڴҶ
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Ѫǵÿһ֧֮ԻΪ룬ڳ˶ģΪļȫѪǵļ
˵ֻһ֧Ҳ֡
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һ㣬սڻûгǽѾˣ˭ļҪһ㣬һ֮ѾԶˡ
Ѫǣһ̣ҲòϣԼѾˣԼˮƽԼԶ
һССĳͷҪΪ㣬Ա˻ʲôӰ죬Ҫɱһɱ
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ˣһεĳⷽҲһĴûжĲ

ǵĺѾǸԵĶ֣гΡ
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Ҳǲѭֻװ˷һϣˣλټټ㲻ôҡҡ֣Ȼ뿪ˡ
ڴҲ֪ˣΪʲô֣ԭΪԼǵһҪ֪Լǵ峡ĻԲϯոյĳϡ
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㣬㲻䣬Ҫھ
뿪֮ǰһеôĵĻĲǻѩ仰ǼԼǷͨһµȫڿǷΧ
Ҳ䣬ϣҲԼȻеã΢΢һЦֱӵ˵ѩҪٵ⡣
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һңڵ峡ûҵ飬Ȼǻȥˡ׷ƶǵ⣬ͽǡ
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һβǰպѭС꣬ҪϰߵȻʱҪͻһЩͻƣ𣿡С˵ȽᣬҲеζС·
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Сڳ˼Ļȴֻ֪ижϾ˭˵ͱȽˣԼȥصֻ׼

ףɱͻȻ˵仰еˮ֣оһ˫۾ԼҳԹҪɱһԹ
ɱԶһ㣬Թֽ֮ضģֻҪһѵġ
ʲôƶĽǧѰްŵ˵㻤ں棬СǺȻĶ
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282 ˫
ŮǵĿоʱ仹ôһ㣬ȻˣԸôء
ŮҪСһᣬȻƵĹ
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ʵҲ²һѩǿУ˵βΪǱĻҲѾˣǾΪǱȴʤˡ
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ѩһֱţֱʤʵףȴһ˵ζ档
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Цʲô˼ѩĿģ㣬ΪĿģÿҲһ

㹫ӣϣ첻Ҫ̫ˣ㵽ΪֹͿˡŮһʱ򣬾˵Ŀġ
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Ҳ˵ĶԣǷŲΪԼԷſʵȴһķŲŮед˵Ҫ˵ǣһ嶼ΪԼǳ壬Ȼһ壬ǼȻΪʲôҪƶٰһγأ
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Ȼֻ壬Ͳ˵ˣõ˾һй˻˵֡
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ȿȣΪϲֵͬѧǣҼһ£
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ȸȸʿһӵүƺţʵȴѪͳȸˣʵΪȸص֮һ
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283 ֮
漣һ˫ǣΪСĴ棬Զʮͽ볬ʮǿʷǰġȸү㣬һп˵Ź˶ãǾͿԳԽЩ϶
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ֻǣסˣʲôռסȻôŹĽܿͳأȻͻȥʮֵĶݡ



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ʵϣ㲢Ҫ֣νȸүȶֶ˵ҲһֻǼȻԷҪԼԼвռĵ
ı˲ռǱЩαӣ߶ǡ
һѰ·СһЦĻҲǴҹͬΪģʵġ
С磬ͣɵСȴģֻΪʹһ˵һ䣬򲻹Ұ㣡

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ȻһЩڸǣǺܶ˻ˣǷˣһŮѪ飬һɰڶͷŮѪ顣
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284 ʤ
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㻹ڼȸүڼƣڷأԽԽΣգȻȸүģò˶ãͿԽܣ³
ڳĺܶ˶е⣬֮ǰŻ֪ʵҲѾˣ˶ѾףѾڴ½ֵС
˶һ£չֵʵֻн߼ģȴǳʵʵķӳһǸ߽ߵȸү޷֡
ڴһʱ򣬳Ϸһ£ϯϵĹǶһᰡ
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һ̹ȥʱͬʱţЫӵ̬žЫӵβ͡ү
ȸүҲһˣȻʽ֣ûмģķӦʹδýֽ赲
䣡ȸүеһǿԼѹµ棬µľͷӲǱѹĺۼ
ʱȸүȻʹͬʱﰵ̾Сӵ̫˵˰ɡ
ʱͻȻʧˣһͻȻʧȥ˿֮ͻʧȥơ
ʧȥƽ˲䣬ȸүؾе㲻ȣʱһŵĻͿɵĽ߳⡣
᲻ŹûأᣬΪڼһŽԷ߳ȥ
ѹһȸү֮󣬾ϳؽţĽŷһȸүؿڣȸүе㲻ȣûм㵽һţԾȫһţȻ󵹷ɳȥ
Һãȸүʵɵģڿһתȵڵϣôǰܡ
ֻǣŵĵطѾڳˣ˵ԾĻҪֻǱݱĹأڳľˡ
ˣ΢Ц˵ĽѾջأָֻƽʱ״̬ոʲô¶ûз
ˣȸүֻܣҲֻгȴûĽڵһʱ򣬻ܸ

ϯʼȻˣҶ۷׷ף˵֮ǰҲܴҹע½ȣۻҪͺܶġ
˭û뵽ʤһʤô򵥣ͷβռȻռϷ磬ȻɷˣֶεĳɷڣĸֶԾûʵĻˢֶҲ޷ʤ
漣˫ӣȻ漣˫ӣֻһִŴ漣һȴʵ漣һӮ˵ļѣһȴӮ˵ɡ
Ȼ˵ĸоеȻ෴Ҳһ漣
Ϊ˫ӵһѩڿı֮ʱһڽкš
ѩѩΪԼѾ˹Ŀ࿴ĽѾлӮˣȴû뵽Ľ޷ԽҲһ޷Խ
ҲţһҪһ
ѩȻҡǼᶨִš
ҵδʵ겻ʵѾľ磬ԺҾͲû˱ˡһߺǿĵ˵ţȻа٣Ϊ뽾ȴǲʵ
ҵĹȻҪˣ㲻ҪûռˣǵģŲһ˰ռšС˵ָٵĴ
һռȢţһǣ谮ǺˡЦ˵
仰ĽǧѰ̳˵㵱ȻҪȢޣͼ޸ʲôֱ𣬸ɴˣ˭Ը޸Ļ͸ңҰǴϡ
˭Ը޸ֲϲСͬʱ˵еġ
ǰǸ㲻Լĸ飬һԺģϲϲ֪ĽǧѰε˵ЩŮȻǶϲһ𣬵ȴûһΪԼġ
ƶЩŮһΪԼѣǺѣԼĺ֪λϡ
֪ˣעһ㡣
ΨһԼľް磬⻹һ֪ʲôطѩҲһԼĸ׵ı
㻹һ֪˵ˣСС˵š

Ϊ۷׷׵ʱȴһȫûΪ˶ߵߣһ˵һ仰
λľС㣬λʶΪʲôԹңȻɷҷͬѰ˧Ҿúߵġ

ֱ˵ͬʱ


285 ϴ˵
ԵķԵˣ飬Ǳˣǰͽ춼Թľ飬Ǹոշļľ飬ǸͷɰľŮ
ƶŮʳĻȷӦľǣҲʶŮ
ڶӦǣҲǲʶҲʲôطǹľŮ
ڵӦǣΣˣҲֻһ;Ů
Ů㣬黹еͣȻΪոյ鷢ûߵʵһֱӡֻڿɶ޳ܣ쵰ķ룬ʵͱԲˡ
㡭㿴ǾŮˣˣԼΪʲô졪
ѪǵðɣǸ׳գ㲻ҪĻӰ졣
ԭǰŮѪʮֵҪǸҪϼ֣ϳֵȫŮȻЩȽϲһ㣬Ͼǡ
ҪĻһὫѪǣѵ˵̥
˭ǰ׳գǰ׳գǱǻ쵰ǾŮϾͷˣǴС
ŮߵľǳĬˣڳǶɵˣ˭ûһ˻𱬵һ棬ǺܿһһȽأԸ񶼺ܼ꣬ǰ⾫Ů壬Ѫ顣
ŮķӦ˵ȴûʲôֻڶ䣬˵ҲԸҲ࣬ȻѪǰ׳һ̥
㻹˵㣬ǡءǾŮҪ˵ʲôʱ;ͱĳס
˼Ѿͷ˵㣬㹫ӣ˵ίһ𣿡ƽض˵ţҲ˵ϰ߰ɡ
仰ûǺ˵ʵˣϲʲô˵ʲô

žһӳúǼž
֮󣬾Ůųʱ򣬽ÿ˵һҶϿɵĻ
ѣ
һΣþŮ˵úܶ࣬һ͵۹⣬ֹ˵֪⾫Ů˵Խ࣬Խ࣬ʱϣǾҪ˵ĺá
㹫ӣûйϲ쿪ʤʵе⡣ŮţһԵСʾ⾫ŮҪ˵
ллûҾˡ΢Ц˵Ȼ飬;ûбҪټȥˣȻ鵽ǲǺΪġ
Ҿ㲻ǣҲȥܣйֻҪ⾫ŮҪԹĿŲܾŮǲԼʶġ
˵߾ߣó;Ůһθеֻܿ³ֱµĵ棬ʧڴҵǰ
ƶŮһ
С磬ߣҲˡСķӦܿ죬ȥȻ׷㡣
ˣģѩȥɡްӦҲٵģ˵ȥˡ
ƶĽǧѰҲҪֻȴҪչŮЩŮУмߣħʦǣ޷ôߵĵطȥలµġ
߰ɣ˦һ죬ϻҪġƶֻ˵Ůһͬ뿪
쵰С쵰Ůھþ֮󣬲ŷĻ
ҵСҲҪ˼һԼ󣬺ǸôʲôҡҡͷžŮ뿪ߣѵ˿Ϸ
Ȼ˵Ѫһ嶼֪ԼСƢһ嶼֪ôһƢСֻǾˣҲ⣬ܲȡ
οڲֹоһ壬塣
û֣ôҲûг󡣡ʱھŮڵĹۿ̨棬һľ̸
һѪ飬һǰҹ飬Ǻ׿ģ㲻֪͹ƾѪĽС밵ҹĸͿôҿһۿ
Ѫ嶼ǰҺҲࡣеѪҡͷε˵ȴһЦݣЦݡ
ǰȷѾһǧǰˣСѾͷҲ㵱ʱʹϺöˣ͵ʱҲѾó죬Ѿӵڵλˡҹ˵һѪ©顣
ɳҪʱģˣȻó춮¡ѪЦ˵
ҿѣѾһǧˣ굽ҲѾˡҹҡͷ
Ҳãſ֣һ˳ȻⲻǾŷ𣿡Ѫ黹һЦš
Ҳֻ˳ȻˡӸոյеѰ
ֻǸԭûǸ࣬Ҳ
ҲɣǸȷ˾еֻ̼Ǻ֣ҴϸоһȻҲȻŮ˵ľһ㡣
ҲĸоҲǵĴɡ

˵ζԻĻȵķӦΪԼھȡ
һǧ꣬ǾŮȻһǧˣһǧ˻ഺ޵УһһСõĸоҪǱЩ̾ϵ˿ǻԼԼ͡
ⲻֹǾŮȫ࣬һ꣬һò
ֻѪȴӵرѪ鲻ƢرҲһرеľУѪΪСŮԡ
øոյĳ뾫Ů˵ǶֻλãһͷУһߴˡ
Ȼߴ󣬵˵㰫Сһ˻ҪһģֻǺЩߴ˱Ͳһ㡣
˵ҹͱȽϸˣҹȽϣ㻹Ҫ΢һ㡣
ΪԭѪŮ㷨ŮȻѾһǧˣԶòϽСӣǾ崿飬һŮҪŮһЩ
һСһ㣬һǧ֣

С磬ȥԶ
˵ǱһҾĴͳʳƷӣȥǱ߿
ԳԣǾ֪ԣͲҹ𣿡ް˵ò˦ˣȴСƻ
ڲڹ𣿡֪ڽţҲǹˡ



286 ִŵѩ
Ҳ䣬ҪˣҪսһѩҧ˵š
ѩ㻹ɣʵѾǿˣԼʵ÷ʱӦ÷ֱԼǸʵһߡһˡһ˵š
Ҳ䣬Ҳѩѵ˵š
ѣÿ˶֪ѩܼѣϱѾˣ˺ܶµ˺ۡ
Ƿھϵһ˸пĻ棬ǾδĿ˫֮һѩоڰǿĶ֣һʮڵİǿ֣һΣһ
˵ҪȸүǲʵȸүӲѩڿ֮ѩͱһδλˣ˲ٵ˺ۡ
˵һβǱĻѩѾĽ꣬ҲѩִּţŽѩΪʶ½ľߡ
ֻȴԶ

Ѫ˿ڣҡҡ׹ȴмŵ壬ⶼ˿ѩִּţѾеĹڡ
Ǻοأǡˡ˵
ѩҪټˣܲ˵ģǿʤһһۿİޱеûʲô£ֲ㣬ѩһ˵ǲһ顣
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ֻϣǷǳãһе㲻˼顭
ΪʲôȥңǰޱΪǾðޱ԰æţһߣĳħʲôᡣ
ҲѩȴȻȻļ֡
Ȼֻ˵ʵҪѩҲܼ򵥣ֻҪ˾ͿԣͬΪǱкܶ෽䡣
磬ѩ˦⣬ֱ磬ѩΡ
ЩȻ򵥣ǸȴԸ˾ˣôĶӰԣǸԼ֮·ϰ
ܶ˲˵Ҫֱǰκεϰʾ֣߾޷Բľ磡
⵽˭˵ľͲ֪ˣ⻰ֱҸǣ˵Ļֻ˵˵̫ˣЩССҲ޷
ˣܳΪŴҵĴ𰸾󲿷Ƿ񶨵ġ
Թ£ѩѾƵκ˻ʹ÷ǳֶΣǶҲһʹõֶΣѩ˦⡣
˽ȻǰΪ£ѩץ˦ȥǺܼ򵥵顣
ǣȴˣѩȴûô׷Ҳûôץ
˵˵Ǳ޵ģҲʱѩҲһ֪Լпܻʱ򣬱ˡ
ϵʹ࣬˺ۣһܽʵӵٷְ٣ٷ֮һٶʮ١
ĽҲѩͻȻ֮䶯ˣӱ֧λóӭˡ
ûе鶯Ǻ˼ĳַϤˣȴᾪȣⲻĽ
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Ȼ˵ʱѩΪƷ뽣ǺûõģȴʱڿţΪҪ˽һУÿԻ
֪Уѩ似˽⣬ˣԼĽҲⲻ֪
ҲǾϻҲ˽Լ˲ԼѣԼĵˡ
ʱǱʶｫĽӳ
ȻѩȴûйֻԼΪõķȥӦǰĵˣֻԻǰĵˡ
ףϲԾѩһƵģ˵ԼҪټȥĻԼ־Ҫϵ
һ٣ԼĽӭѩϮĽ
͵죬ȫûмҵĸо
ѩĽڻţܻٶȴ˿⽣һĸоڱȽ衣
涼üž˶ѩסˣǷѩ֮ʱһĸо
ѩ۾ͷһͫҲǴȴ˸еʱѾһ״̬״̬ͻȻӣĽнս
òλеͫ˶һӵͫľǶ̾磬˭뵽ͫ꼻һ֣Ժ󽫲˿
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ڸ̾˵Ĳѩı仯ѩĽֽǰʹãдҶ
û뵽һ˽ĽʹóȥչָңҸҴ𺳡
㣬ĽֳΨһֻ֪һޱڻʹ￴ùֽȻʽͬǸоȴһġ
ֻǰޱȴڵģѩĿսʤ
ѣѣ
ѩͻȻӣܷӳ㽣棬ҲһѣΪ˵ʵźܴĲ࣬һлֲβֻ࣬˶ѡ
ѩţҲϰţѩĽһϰߣȻʼһѹƣһռϷ硣
أѩʼʧȥս֣ıѹƣ·֧š
Ȼ㵽زѩûзȻһʤ
ѩѰһͬʱҲһѰţܿҵһᣬ׼ýѩˣȻٽѩͳ⡣
׼ʱýɨѩѩֻѡһ˺󣬶Ǳ˵һɨѩͷ
һ̣ҶΪѩˣȴ벻ûˣҡ
Ҫޱее࡭


287 
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ӵǴвţҲһϧ
˵仰֮ҲȥصڵϣǸ֣ؿڲһѽҲһᵹ¡
ѩ֮⣬ѩĽ˵ؿڣȻģȴҲ˵¡
Ӯˣѩ˫Ŀţе˵ƽһƽ
ֻĻҲֻǻΪ漣ֻΪѩһʱǿʵһʱ챻
ǣȴǰһĻ֮ǰǰһĻѩؿڵǰһĻǶô𺳾ȵһĻ
Ǹʱ򣬵˽ɨѩҪʱѩûˣǰһԼ뻢ڡ
һҲΪֹһȻʱҲջʽѾҲջء
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Ҷ˵Ľѩͣһ£ҲΪѩΪȣҲֻΪԼ벻Ƭ̡
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֪һɹĻͺʤĽֱָҪأҲҪʤ֪ǰĶֲôױɱһԶÿһ
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Ҳûпѩϵ飬ȴĿΪⱾɵġ
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ǣһӹ֣оԼĽѾѩѾ˵ˣ沿ôĲλֻһ΢Ҳˣο֡
ΪȣӦҲٶһ㣬˵Ҫԭ֮һ
ѩ֪˽֪֮еѩּ֣ĸе𺳣һˣûˣҲһ䡣
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㣬һ㣬ʲôϰҶԽֱһ̡ѩʱֻǵȴּᶨ˵ţԼԺǷܿüûаڵһλá
ޱУѩıϣѩþ֮󣬲˵ѩǺοأ˽һأҲȥһأ̫ɵˣôҪԼ˫ۡ
ոڹϯϣϣԼˣϣⲻģǽӽѩʱ֪ģѩԼ˫Ϊۻεʤ
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ѾˣѾˣ㵭˵ǻش⣬ֻ𰸱Ƚģѡ
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ϣ֮սڼԽԽȻֱǵ飬Ѿʼڻ
һսһֱϴ磬ʱڱõһ


290 һ̵ܰ
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ⶼʲôʲôˣֱһԣԸԶ԰


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ΪʲôȥҺֲûһǶΪԷ½ͬһԡϴ衣ް˵ֳŮ˵һһ㶵ģû뵽ްĹϵȻܴﵽһˡ
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˵Ů˿ˣӶԷ￴Լɻ
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˼ľ밬ޱѩ𣬶һҪ֪㵽һʲôˡ
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ô˵ѩܾ棬ް˵ܾӹɵģİһӮġ
Ůܺ棬ԽԽ֪쵽ʲô¡
ȥԿ⣬ҪԵֻοοҿС壬˻ƴһһҹ㲻֪ϴʱȥʲôá


293 е
㣡
㿴Žŵްеɻ󡪡
ްʲôһϴ裬Ҳô󶯾ɣ˹
УˮȻ壬ǻһģܣűĴй
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ںû·ʲôֱ𣬻У㱾ѹҵ·˵Լɫްϵ·ȫʪ͸ˣʪѾܽ屣סˣÿλǰȫ㻹Ҫջˡ
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һްҲΪްԼŮˣϾԼŮ˿ԼҲȫ
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ҲֻԼ֪ҲԼҲ֪˵ıǺìܵĴڣ
ڣҲЩްţһС


294 ҵС
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˲˵ˣһ𣬲һҪ֪ǲϲΪʱ˭ҲǲģֻҪһڣǾͲһ
ް֮䷢飬˵Ըעǻһģʱ⣬Ƿر顭
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׻˵һ죬ڶصȻˡ
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ڣ֪Ϊʲôı飬Ϊʲôеڸո˵ζĻڲСҲ棬ԼոյĻһᣬһܲˣһһᴳ
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Сؼʱ̣ްĺ¸ˣްڵӣҲô֪ܵǰʡ
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ŮǱҲǱСĶһ㶣ȻСܽС㻰֮󣬵ǷӦްӣȫһȻ󶼻ع
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ĽǧѰƶҲǸ˳Ů뿪ΪʲôҲ߲ˣǶ֪ʱԼЩֻΡ
ֻСȴֱӵıԼĲˬе㲻˵صްһۣ˵һ仰ȻŸȥ
쵰㣬㵱ȣߣ
˵仰ʱСҲǺģȻⳡҲеܲס
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С㣬ʲôʳûϴڳԶƶͷҲصĽе
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ʲôҵʲôˣС۸ˣҲҪϴ裬ƫģֻްϴ裬ֻϴ裡ҲĹҲҪ㱧ţ
С˵꣬ѵԼ·ϣްһߡ
СĶ̫죬˾ò˼飬˶ֹռˣʾԵĿްҲ֪˭ѧġ

ĻоһС򣬳ŵС


295 ĴЦ
С磬ʲôӲӲģϴʱﰡ
𶯣ǲ㶯ģԹԵģԼϴͳȥҪȥˡ
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㣬ϲˣ᲻ҪңСģ˺ǴԸŮзġ
Ļûнڼ˵š
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ԵģԼǾ仰ʱС΢΢ţ΢΢Ĳ֪ⲻЦ


296 
ڳ˼˼ţոյԼѾһص⣬ȥҪܲܽС벻⡣
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Ϊʲô⣬˶֪⣬˾檵ģްҲûԼԶ԰ռ㣬һʼ˷۰֪
صԸҲܱӰ죬ϰףӿ檣ҿĴ󲿷Ҳһ޵ʵ̫ձˡ
⵱ȻҲǺ͵ŴһΪʱսӴŮʧ⣬ŮҪеġ
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Ҳ֪ϵκˣõĴ𰸶ǲģ粻ͬҺܶ࿴ͬҲһЩΪƽ飬ȵġ
ЩŮ˵£ǱӦüӦøҸ̸̸ִ˵뷨ֻȴһˡ
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ҲǺֱӵָ⣺㻹зƶǣѩ򣬾ޱĶ㶼е˼ܷǲ𣿡
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ǵģϲǲϲǿĻԴҶûкôͷΪ˾ʹӦչˣ߽һԼûи飬󣬺пܻ˫ʹ࣬ԭȵʹӵʹ
ǲϲҵģԣҲˡȻС±Ƚ⣬Ȼǲ˻ϲԼȻҲɣΪŮԼҲ㲻Լǲϲ㣬ֵģȻܸо
ۣۣͼס˾Ϳԣʲô˶ҪֻҪһͺáްЦ˵ţֱۣŮӾΪ˿檣һаռԼ˵ϰ׶ı䲻˵ġ
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ƭˣް˵
ûУֻ˵һЩ޹ؽҪĻѡĻްҲˣոЩ˵ģǵġ
Ǿ˵ˣǻȥǼްֱˬ˾ÿɰҲԸſһУһҪԭ
ǣǾͼɡЦ˵ȻһްС졣
ţްϣϴҸ΢Ц
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仰˵ӦС꣬Ҳ̫ע⣬Ǹոշ飬Ҳע㣬Сꡣ
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Сֻ֮йϵĻ⣬˽µЩҲûˣС㿪ʼ޵ĿʼֻǺϻˡ
ԴˣȴûȥʲôΪûҪҲһ¡
ЩԺ飬ڣһĻش
㣬Ҫ㣬ǲѩĶ֣ҲǻˡްĵĻ
ǣܸɴػش飬ϡ


297 ϵȷ
ΪʲôҪ㲻ǲѩ𣿡ϾʵĻҲܿ챻ް㡣
㲻ҪᣬҲصΪѩȥһȻҲмôһء㿴˵
ҲǰԣҲһԽһ棬Һһսģֻǽǰһ㡣
˵һʵûǰʱǻɲΪΪ˿ѩһθֶԾĻᣬҪھ򵥣⣬ȴֵĶԾ
֮ǰҪģ֣ڿɭֵıֺǿϣôһᣬԣе㶪ˣһ˫Ŀʧߵѩȥ
֪һ㣬Ҳ׽һԺܸɴĽǰҲ˳ѩﵽĿģһαԡ
˵ף㻹Ϊѩ˵㲻̫Ѫ˵㣬еġ˵̬һοʼ仯ˣʱһֱڱ仯š
һʼһ֮ˣһ߹ӣֱѪ֮ˣָоеů
û˵Ϊһʼ˵ˣмԭ򡣡㲻˵
ģһĶܶʱ鶼ûжֻǿôȥѡ񣬶ʱϵжϣѡ
ϣϣ㲻ѩһûУֻڵϣϣһ뷨
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298 Ŀʼ
С㣬ô⼸ˣһͷĹӣζȴʮζͷȫͬ
С㣬ҲӣȴȻϣıϡ
˵ֻһʼĻҲ֣Ѿ˾ˣС㻹û˼Сеˡ
ǰС㣬ȻϲһԶ㣬ߡ
СϺСػشǸɴ࣬ҺýСԴɫȻֻһҪˮʳ
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һظ߹ĳΪñӣȻǳ֮⣬ȴ֮У۰ľã֪ĳᱡˣ쭲Źˡ
㣬ǵȱɣȻڵĻͻ֪£õӰ졣һѪŮ˵
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С㣬е㾪ȣеԺҪô󶯾𣿲Ҳԣǻ쵰Ҫһѵѵ˰æԼ͵ſϷˡ
㣬֪ԼڱһȺĹţм仹һŮֻ֪ʱˣС֡
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һսʼˡ
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Ļ˵ڲߵĻͻᱻЩڵûԼ͵Ӧüֳ档
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һˣ˶ô󣬶ӲˣıҲѡ׼ԵĶеʧ֮񡣡˵ȫ֪Լ仰˴Ρ

쵰СӣԭֻΪӶΪȥŮǸ
еˣж뷨һҪȥ˵ĳ嶯
Ҷ˵ˣǽ˰ܹˣǲո˵ˣ˶סŮĹۿСˬ˵
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㹫ӣҪҰ׼ͣȹȥŮǾڴƬ֮󣬲˵
Ҫһھܾ
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ҲϲǾʳĻشֱӡ
Ұ׼ϲģܸ˰ɣǾ˵
У㻹ɴ࣬׼
㿪ʼһĲǾһһ㶵ģȻеѣǴӦ
˫Э󣬲ŽλүȥŮ


300 Ѫ
³ȥŮڵĹۿңҲȥϻ뿪ѵҪϷ
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㾫׼ˣҲһе㲻ˣ˵Щٶеˡ
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ңҾûзֱ𡣡С
㣬ãҲһзֱ𡣡ûôػص

С㣬ע
ιιʲôעòҪע㣬ʲôйС㣬ǹСС㣬Žеġ
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˵ʲôΪʲôеʲôʱһܵܽѪǵģ˵ĶԻʵ
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˵ľվмѪŮʶģҲѪǳò࣬úܿ϶Ƕǽá
ǼҡֻãûˣֻòƶǼ˵еɣǽ˻⡣

Ȼе㲻˼飬ںһ⣬ѪĳǶ˵ûԼѪ飬ӦûС
ֻǣͼѪǣѵ˵
Ѫǣ㿴ǸСɻʵڴֻһѪǺܾܿеĳСá
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ڵѪ̣ҲѪļ꣬ҲһЩĸ顣
ӣ㻹ǵðɣ㵱ʱѪʱͻȻһֻɰСӣҲ֪ôģӺ㱻ѪߵĲࡣ
׼ȷ˵ûʲô䣬ֻòࡣ
˵Ѫ̾ѪǵĻӾʹǸʱʼһֱţһߡ
Щ¿ת棬ҲܱͨѪǵӣҾ㡣㻹һĲš
Ҫ仹򵥣ѪóһСɵ⣬ʲô⣬Ҳ˵壬е㾫ζһһħߵĸо
ţ㿴Ѫ̰Ū˼£СⷢһЩ⣬ţԽԽ࣬Ѫס
ڳ֮ʧˣ˳ǰ

Ĭˣе˵ˣ֪ʲôдˡ
ʶ˰ɡѪ̿㣬һûӡ
Ҫֱ飬Ѫǵӣ̫ˡڷӦ֮󣬾˵ֲҵǻԭ㱾һŮġ
Ѫ֮󣬳ǰľѪǵӣԣСһıħþߣȻ㲻֪ԭҲûȤȥо
Ļ˵粻ԭ磬һħ磬ĶҲǺƽ顣
ߡѪ̽ǶصָֻŮӵ塣
ԭСֲãڷǾһ˲þһһʱһ͵ܳȥ棬ʹԲŻ㹫Ӳᡣ
˵ֿʼüǲΪ㵱еģԲһЩᱡΪ
˭ᱡˣ˵ᱡһࡣѪ̻û˵ʱ򣬾ֱ˵һѪ̷Ļ
˭ᱡˣѪ̾èβһš
ʵϣԿңһεӣѪȥҧһڡ


301 һ
ߣѪ޵
ѵ㿴ҵ壬ԿңҪĻҿڰ֣˵
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ֻǣ⻰˵ĺ˸оȻĻҲûòŮҪֵ飬˵ԼӦҪ£һܴ󷽵ķſ¡

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Բ𣡡ͷΪԼǰǸ
˵ˣǣѾǳĹھֳʵѾ˵½ĸ֣½ûм˿ԵסѪŮ˵
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Ǿһŵ㣬ȥЩıһں£취Լǿ
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û㣡ĸֻش𣬺Ǹɴֱ࣬˵
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ʲô㣬㲻Ǳʲô¶ûУҪŪ³ʲôüܼ򵥣Щ²˵˭֪Ҳûʲô˵ģԼ屻һŮ鿴ˡ
ϲѪ˵Ҿϲԣ˭ôɶ񡣡
ѪҲ֪ԼΪʲôȴΪܿɶȻЩɶҲǿ̵ģǾò̡
ϲǸɶӣϲɱֻΪԼĶӣϲûòӡ
ܴ֮󣬸îˡ
ǣҲϲԶ㣡ӻ֣һѪ̵ӣǸϲӬһĻš
㡭
ˣСãҪˡ˵ֻһᣬһ־磬Ҳܹ㹫ӣʱֲ֪Ůӡʱ򣬳˵ȻԼ⻰еʵҲ֪ѪŮģҲһ
ǣʱʵϣȷǲ֪˵ֻһᡣ
İɣûЩСϷ˵һζѪԳƸ磬һȺͬʱҲЩΡ
磬Ŷ꣬һûУѪһֱӵ㣬ѾŰٶʮһˣͷ
Ѫ̵Ļ񾭴ˣҲһʵǡ
˵ԼĸоҲκεݴݡ
Űٶʮһ˲ұҶС磬ôͲܽ硣ʱС˵˵
ʱһĶˣС㡣
СŮôСѧѧ˵ٻôܱҴֻܻꡣѪ̶С㻰ȫţֱӵ˵Լ뷨
ȣҾ㣬С˵ٻ㲻ҪȻҾ㣻ڶ㲻ҪҺͷ˱ȣҲǷˡСѪ̺˵У˭˵ֻܻ꣬СһԺһǧꡣ
һˡ
ιιС㣬ҪҾҲŲǧֻ꣬Ҫͺˣ̫ãû˼϶һ㡣
Ļȴм֣ҲǶ


302 Сļ
УСһҪһţȻҲȥС˵ûκһЦ˼

СѾͷҪ˵ֻκһ˶ȥİȥˣǾӦΪúõĻţӦȥ顣㵭˵
ⲻҪС㲻Ҫ˼⣬ԼĿΪ壬Ǻ۷ʲô£Է
Ϊ⵭ĻֳľŮǶĿ˵Ĺۣڸо㻹Ųĵط
Ҫ˵Ļǲı䡣Сȴֱӵҡͷ˵볣˲ͬԸ񣬲ҺôһƣǣֻҪ˵óһõ
ԵСѾͷеΣȥ˵СĲԣΪԼҲˣ˳Ȼɡ
һ컹Ҫһٶ꣬Ҫ꣬ôԺ飬˭˵尡
ǣ˵ʲôѪһЩԺСãѵ壬ô塣Сã˵ҴǶأ
ұ꣬ѾŰپʮˡСشòУĸࡣ
УڳҲֻ仰⣬ĶʲôΪǶǳϵľ顣
ʲô壿Ѫֱ̺ӵʵ
⣬ڳ˶֪ڣֻȴҲȽ⣬֪֪ҪС㶼һʲôˣʲô塣
㣡С㱧ֱۣȻѪ̾һ䣬˵ܺκ˵СҶû˵ֲʶŲ㡣
㲻˵ĻôأѪһŵӿС㣬ո㿴Ѫǵӡ
Ų㣡С磬߰ɣľᣬ˵ɰС㣬Ҫ뿪
㻹ȵȣͺˣСûа취ˣûҲãҲֻˡ
˼λСѾͷԸ񣬲˵ѡ΢΢һЦѪ̵˺ǱӣһոЩӡ
仯þŮһ˵֮ǰӵܵھǷĹӣȻǹ壬Ҳһ޷ĹмĲǺܴġ
ƶĻͻ֪ЩҲЩˣϸĵܸоı仯ǳʲôԭ
㹫ӣ벻Ҫֱ֣ڿ죬ʲô˵ʲôҲһϸ֮ˣȻı仯һ£Ͼܲһ˿Ծ
һȻΪָ˵ԼдҲһҪϣӦý»
Ҳֻʲô˼ҵĴҲҪһȷ˵Ҫô죬ȴԺģȫ֪ôҲ˷ʱ䣬֮ң֮ǰ֮Ҿͻ뿪ֱӵָ⣬ȫ½Ůŭ
Ȼ֪Ů˭ĸеһҲܲ³˭
Ҫ뿪Ҫȥ
仰֮󣬵һ䲢ĻѪѿڶ⡣
Ѫһ֮һ뷨ԼΪʲôҪ⣬ڶ뷨ɶ಻شԼ⡣
ֻȴû뵽ȴܸɴĻش𡪡
ϵһС
С磬Ҫȥ֮ǰ˵Ҫȥȸ𣿡С̽еǾȵӡ
ô㲻ϲ𣿡
ϲϲҪһȥСƴͷ
ûķݣͷƶǻؼȥССԴȻ΢Ц˵ôһ簮֮⡣
ҪҼҾǱߣ˵һǧʱҪؼҵģҾһǧˣҲҪȥǱߡС磬һȥɡСˮ۾㡣
ǱߣֲϴνԭԼҽһ㡣СļҲʣ֪ΪʲôҪһǧʱؼȥ
ҪԼסҼұϣһʱڼģһĻҿ͵͵㡣СҡͷĻʵûжķֱ𣬶Ҫ˽һ㡣
ˣҾʹɣһ˻ȥĻһе㲻ء΢ЦСԼȥҪм䷢ʲôһʲô龰
ţСͷмûк˵貢ǽԼؼң˵ʱҪؼңȥ
˵֪ĻԲСߣȥţСҲ֪㣬ԺܸɴĲ˵
ȻҲСѾ¸ˣֻǵһԺö裬еˡ
Сã߰ɣСˣѪŮڵܸо齫ûн
׼ȷ˵£ûһҪֻʲô˵˶벻ģֻܵһ
˵ѪҪ׷Ļɱ⣬ֻм޸ǣѡ񶼲ѡġ
ˣ£ûǵʲô¶ûзȽϺá
ʵѪҲ֪㣬ֻҪҲڣҪܣҲգȥ
ŮˣƢŮˣġ
ҺãѪǸľ飬ҪǻЩ뺷Ůˣƽһ档
ߣ㣬ţһÿѪ̾С죬ͷ˵һ䣬˼ҲԣȥԺǻ鷳
㣡΢ЦһˣѪ̵ĻҲˡ
ΪС˵ＸˣѪ̼Σһ죬׼ˣǻϾ͵ûˡ
٣뷨
㣬Ůʲô£ֵŮ󣬾ʵ
ĵ飬Ҫ˵ˣȥҼҷԷҶˡĻһ䣬žͺŮ뿪ǰ˵ķꡣ

Ů£㹫أѾ׼ˣһòƱȴȥ׼㿪Ĳ˵뾫Ů˵
Ů


303 û˲ںĹھ
֪ǴһǻϾǾֻͲ̫ǡ
˵һϷǿѩ֮ϷδĿˣȻһʼû˻뵽Ҳûע⵽ˣűһУ˵ѾĵزΪΪ漣˫ӡ
˫ӵľ˶ξĳƺ
ڴҶĲ²⣬֣Ӯ䣬ȨȴϣͿϲ䣬᲻ѩ
˶֪ѩʱҲĶ֣ӣʲô˭֪
ˣڵ˶ҪϷôȥѩ飬ЩŮҲͬ뷨֮ǰҲʹ㣬ֻЦֻ˵һģôиİ취
ϣѾڵȴѩöѩȻֻöȥȴ֪˭
̶̵ʱѾѧȥ˽磬жһЩǰûĶ˵Ҫ۾ͻȻãʵһЩ΢ı仯
㣬ڿʽһˡѩ¶һ΢Цһֿĵ΢ЦΪԼ˫Ŀʧʹֻ࣬ΪֵõģֻҪһ㸶ٴĴҲԸ⡣
֣ԼܻܲʤûرĸоֻҪһͿԣӮҪ
֪һὫѩ뾫֮УҲ֪ԭ򣬶ٶԼйء
Ϊڵܺʽһ𣿡㵭ʵ
ܣֻҪܺһʲôҶġѩᶨ
ҡҡͷƽ˵Ҫģ㣬⵽ʲô壿ðɣ壬ǲڵ䡣
Ҫ˵ֻҪֻҪ棬Ǿ͸һʽľѩ˵
ŬĲΪһ㣬зڵ˼ô
˵Ѿʽı䣬ںȣģֻ˵۸㡣˵ĺָ
ĻѩһҪ˵ʲôȴ֣Ѿ·ˡ
α䣡ܸɴ˵
涼ȻˣȻ˵Ѿ³ˣ⻰Ҳ̫ɴ̫࣬ˣ˵һ޹ʹС顣
ʮһεĳǺܶĵطֻҪһֹ٣ھǾ͸˵ˣǺܶġ
ڣȴܶĻᣬĸӵĽøһŮ
㣬ʲô˼ѩ˵仰û뵽һ˱ȵģһͻȻڳϣȻһŭС
䰡㿴𣿡ܲػص
ϻôʲô˼ˣһΣǲ׼ˣһΣŭǸ־飬Ϊ׼ͣȴˡ
˵Щǰ˼׼ĻЩ飬Ů˶ԳԵЩͣ㵱ʱĶǴ⣬ǾǲԵĻʳ
õ󣬾Ůһеİ취ţħ䱣ʣ׼ý֮дĿˡ
ħⶫǺģȱ仹Ҫãȫñ⣬ܱס¶ȣһ岻ħţЩ㶼ܳһ
ʲô£ˣͶԲԣ㻹ҵ¹ȥˡ˵˵ûôȻ
Σ֮Ѿ֪ǰôźá
Уʲô£ôˣأ㻹ǸӣһȴȻ˶һìܵĴڡ
ôҵǣ㲻ҪˣαˣΪǰǾٰı˶Ϸ𣿡ŭ
ιѪôôôŭ;Ը񲻺ϰ㻹һ˵ţһϣŪΪĻⳡһʲôӣ
ĬˣĻ˵뵽ĻһҲһӽ飬Ϊѩڵʵúܴ
䣬ʵʵĹ̶һȴܿʵ̫ھǵ
ðɣҾˡ黺˵žȫѾ˵Ľ
㣡ѩҧ޺޵
㲻Ҫ˵һĴ𸴣ҪʽһǾ͹ԹԵȥĹھ˵
ѩ¶˲֮⣬ʲô˼ԼҲ֪ΪʲôԼӦĻȥεĹھ
ǺһεĳʽˣҲǳ˵֮⣬ѩǿŮȻĹھ
Ȼ˵ҶʵǺֻͬ˵ھʵ˶ȥԣΪѩǵӡҲǺ̵ģӦ˵һ𺳣һŮһ˶þġ
ҲΪ˾ãѩΪھҲһ£׼ֵĿɹ
ʷϵһŮھͲˣһ漣ŮʮͷŮ
ô˵ҲãڶΪµĹھҲΪĴ󷽺ȲʣǺܿҾͷһ⡪
㹫أɻ
󲻾ã䷢Ƶʱȴʧڴǰʧڳϡ
ʲô𣿡ѩԼΪʲôҪ쵰˵ܾܣո˵ʲôԼһ𸴣ʵƭԼġ
ţӦȥˡ˵߿Ϊϰߣȥˡ
ڳߵˣҲʶĿ棬Ҫ㡣
ÿˣͺˣ˵ԽûȤнƷֱӸҡʱޱڳ߶˵Ľľͷ̳ģȤŹˣҪǽš
ţޱֶѩ˵һ䣬ѩ˵ɭùݵ㣬֪ĸΣϲЩ鷳ĳϡûʲô£Ҳɣ
ţߣѩܸɴֱ࣬¹ھĵ񣬸Űޱ뿪

Σⶼʲô˰һһҲں


304 
㣬ʲô˼ޱѩݣмˣŪС㣬ϴʵ
⣬ҲڳŮ֪ģС㡣
òƶԴ˻ûкκ˵С衭
ҵ˼ܼ򵥣ѩ۾κã߾ϰһָйۣϰ֮˲ǾԵ⡣㵭Ȼ
ףһģû۾һж䡣ѩͷ⼸Ѿ֪ԼԺķ򣬿ȥ
˵κ۾ûģΪҽʦѾȷĸ۾ѾҩɾȣȻҲԼӲģҽʦһ㲻˵˾ԡ
ö仹ǲеģҪȥᣬҪôҪԼᡣԺʱһ㣬ҲֻǴţԺҪԼˡ΢΢һЦܵ˵
ңѩɫɻ
ҵĽ㲻ѧһĻҵİѧˣһЩ⡣ƽ˵
ȻûмѩʹĽȴѾޱ˵ޱʱҲż˵˵
ңҲǹ͵ѧĽġѩĻֻһӦ£Լ͵ѧĽ
ѩôǿҲãô¸Ҳãⷽ滹й˼ɵģ͵ѧ似ǴɣԼ͵ʦĻ㣬޵ݡ
ЦЦ˵ҼȻ㿴Ͳ͵ʦԱҪߣҲ˵㻹һս
˼ǣҲһսµĵز𣿡ѩϲʵĻɡ
ԣ˵һָй۲⣬ʱͻףֻҪҾͿԡӣ˵壬ֻᡣ
ţ㣡ѩͷĻ
ñϵеоң㲻ϾĿĲҪΪʲôأ
һǺԥȥѡš
Ȼ쿪ʼ͸ңǰеķһ·Ͻ㡣ƽ˵ƽĻȴһʯǧˡ
˵ʲôҪߣ
Ҫߣ
ȥʲô

һӣŮǶʼʻˣһӱûˣȶ֪ļƻС㣬СԶˣҲҪ˵ġ
ͣͣȵ

ûвɢϯһξһѾһˣҲʱˣǸʲôȥʲôҺС㣬ѩǰһεʱܱȽϾãʱ÷Ϣҡ΢Ц˵ͣȴŮǸеһ˸С
˵ҲҪСȥƶе⣬ʵ
ûСҪؼһˣ˳·ؼˡ͵
ţƶ㣬ҪؼˣСһȥˡСֱ˵˷ܣҪ£ǲܵ顣
ǿԷģСһչ˵ġССԴȻŷƶ˵
ĲŹˣԼҪչˣһĻҶǻᷢʲô¡ƶû˵
Ҫչ𣿷ƶӱӵ㷴
ҪĽǧѰػش⡣

Уһֱһ棬Ҫչ˵Ļô档ԷƶĽǧѰˣѾûʲô˵ģ֪ڹԼһԼһҪչ˵Сܵܡ
Ȼûȴ촳˵ֵ˾ŮǸѪСĽǧѰص
ûҲ֪ôģȥ鷳һСƶʱĻҲôһζ
ҲһɣԴҲƣҲô⣬Ҹڣүϡ
Ůؿ㣬ʲôһ
˵Ůӵ˼˰أĹӡȻ
У
Ůͬ˵ţĽǧѰûһ¡
ʵ˵
û˵ҪߣǲǶ׼ˣУ㿪ʼ˵ҪȥϷȸôҪƶʱҲûذһۣž˼⡣
һضСȫ½û֮ģȸȻҲص㣬ڻҪȥǱߣһվȸ˵ĻҲ˽֪ʵ
½ĽǺܶ࣬Ծͱñһ񣬵ȻҲñȽأȥˣ˵һĵط
ʲô̶ȶ˵ֻ֪˵ģ̺죬һɫȵȡ
ֻǺ֣Ǳߵˣȴûһͳһ˵˵Ǳߵ˺׺ͺÿͣҲ˵Ǳߵ˺Ұûп
ң˵иһܴĵ죬κ˽ȥԲĺ˿ء
ЩǴţʵΣͲΪ֪ˡ
㲻ΪЩı·ߣһԭɡƶ㣬Ȼ󵭵˵
û˽ңҪȥһˣһ΢ЦŻشҪʲôˣʲôֻǴ˵ûб֤ʵҵгжһվǾ͸ɴȥҲһ
ҲǣǱߵ鶼ǴҴԣҲûȥȻ֪Щǲġˣϣ㲻ҪǱߴϾǱ˵ĵطµĻǶ޷֪˵æĽǧѰһĵӡ
ҾãǻǺһȥһ˱ȽϺãȻôе㲻ġƶĽǧѰ˵
ãȥҲûжáǻҪҪƶްһʥ֮ǣһ飬ˣҪæľȥæģͻؼȥֱӾܾ˷ƶ飬ȻŮѡæ߲ڷƶֱӵȥæ
ţҪܶ˰æҪĹǾҪ¡ްͷΪ£ͬУΪԼܰҪġ
õģǶȥŮǼû룬ֱӦĬеСꡣ
ͷ΢ЦǾ˵ˣ͸Է֣ȥԵ顣ˣްȥʱ򣬰æȥѩ򣬵Ҫҵ֪зƶ㵽ʥ֮ǵҵ֣Ȼ˻㣬ʱѩϢ
õģƶްͷ
㣬㲻˵ΪʲôҪѩкǺ棬ѵѩĴڣ


305 ʱ
ߣûҵģҲ֪ѩַʲô£ڻȥǰ㡣ްеԴ׵˵
ǹ㣬һ÷ƶһȥСҳԴʲô㲻ͬȥú飬סѩϢ㲻Ҫκ֪ҡٴζ
֪ˣ£˼ﲻ׵ġǲѩܵǵİڲҪѩԼȥѡԼ·ްֲǱ෴ǱѩȻֵģô᲻˽뷨
ˣǾ˵ˣҶȥʰһ¶Ǿ뿪΢Цû˸Уƽ
ֻһˣŮٶôһ㡣
ڳŮǶǴˣ֪²ʲôת֪ûвɢϯ֪֮ط꣬ǶԻȥʰԼĶ׼뿪
ʵм仹һҪԭΪ֪ҪԼæϣԼҪҪλϣһζĸ㡣
ŮߺʣֻС裬СǰСҲжģҲҪطʰһ£ްȻסһ𣬵ҲҪݵģʰĶ
С裬ǲӦһȥأͷգ˵
ţǿԲСͷ
ܲµش𣬲һҪʳ飬ҸоҺ֮ϵԽԽҵӰҲԽԽ࣬ѩһӡԼӦҪѧ磬뵽ǵ㻹ƽ˵ţ˵ССԴ벻⡣
Сɻؿ㡣
㲻ȥףҲף˳ȻɡǶУްҲ֪Цһ˿εζ
֪£ͲܽԷСͷ
У֪ССԴôģȻⷽ˽⣬Ժģϣڱϲ˵ؽţñĳһΡ
֮Ľһֱ˯ߣҲ⡣
֨֨СţòͬС˵
ˣС꣬ҲˡСͻȻһ£һСйص顣
֨֨СɻС
㲻ܸȥҪؼңһзƶȥ˵
֨֨СȥòڷĻ
ҪҲҪȥ
֨֨Сͷһӣ˺ɱһϲɰСˣѪҪƻᱧС۰
Ϊʲôȥ˵ҲҪһأĻܾҪ꣬ҵʱֻչһ꣬㻹СҪĸ׵ʱȽ϶ࡣγ󣬾Ͳȥˡش
֨֨Сš
С꣬ľһˣôС֪ˡڳĬһ󣬾û˵š
ԭС꾹Ȼ˵ֻ˵չһ꣬ûĸ˵ģԣ˵ԼŲҪȥҪñȥһܡ
֨֨ССԴһ˵ؿ㡣
ѽѽ㻹ƢˣֵĻҾͲܾܣԼѡ񡣡ָָССԴصš
֨֨Сϻ˱飬㣬һӣ۾ﻹ⡣
ⶼǸ˭ѧġС裬̵𣿡һ󣬾С
ŲأŶԡСص
ң
΢Ц𣿱αܶ࡭

ⲻαֻǱЦݣ΢ЦԽܶ಻Ҫ鷳С˵ƣԼαˡ
Ҳǣǰʲô˶ڵҪöˣҲֻǻһֱ飬ûʲôαġСͷʲôʲôԼ˾ͺԥظ
С裬ϲ΢Цأʵ
΢ЦǶǵʱֺ΢ЦǶеĮ΢ЦС˵
΢ЦҲֵֺܶģԴС΢ЦԲ˿Կġ

ڶ峿ǽСߣɲСһʲô״ԼôԵ꣬һҪСͻص߲С
˵ˣСûиʲô鷳Ҫ飬СڣСҲһ飬Ǿˡ
ΨһǾöԲ꣬ҲߣҲ̫ˡ
һ·Сһ㡣
չ˺Լ塣
Ҫ
ҪȥŮӣ

㱻Ůؿʼһһģ⣬ֻŵġ
Դˣֻ΢΢һЦ˵ҲҪСģ·עⰲȫѾûõæǻʥ֮ǡ
һƷħʯҪԣŮǵİȫͰлæȻӶķҲģֻǸ˲Լҵġ
еĻҲʹĴӦҪ󣬲֤˳һ¡
˲ҪģһѡҲôֻ֣ҪˣñĶ˷λ
Ҳûްо䱦飬Ȼû˵ʲôҲȴĸ˻ֵǷǷġ
ްΣգͰѶûбҪΪһƷȥɵ¡ٱ֮ǰް˵һ仰
ްʱС˵һػ
ЩްеԼҸԴӹϵȷ֮ûбܼɹ֮飬һЩ֮顣
ͱʱӵǱ
һЩŮеĸоֻǵ˭̶ΣǾֻԼ֪
ˣֱֻΪٴط꣡ڰ֣ǰȥһ˫ŲŮҡ֡
ǷƶĽǧѰ׼ģǾѩЩ㣬ûиͨߡ
ټˣ㣡
Ůǿﳾȥ
ϲô쭳һı䶼ûСƶҡͷĳʵеΡ
ҲɣĽǧѰ鿪ʼƶһƶ

ǻ쵰ˣģ𣿡ѪڵõϢ󣬺ܲ˵˵ôһʧ䡣


306 еս
ƽĺ棬һҷ⺣ϺĿĵء
棬½Լһٹĺ򣬶ֻһҺͨĿʹҿʹ½붫֮ĿʹһҲôһء
⵱ȻΪ⺽ߣϺʱǷƽ˾ģֻôһʱΣյģǷ籩ļڣһܻ֮ôһڷ籩ġ
ȻԵ˵Ǿԣ󺣱ͱĪ⣬ƽ˾ʱʱҲˡ
ʹ֮һһأΪʵ̫ˣȫǴ½ϹȥˣǱߵ˴û˼ΪС
ҲΪĳʱҲε˼죬ȴബĳ
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ҲҪ⴬ʲôģȻҪҵĥʱ䣬ȻôȹĺСǰˮ֪һ˵ԸԾͽأȻĻͻصǾ˵ֹôĻϡ
⵹ûиŮĹ壬ӦöϲֵģǸŮΪĥʱ𣿡һˮòƻеԹ
˵Ů飬ǿϧɰŮȻһϹӡǰˮָ̾ţ̾첻
ҲΪһɰŮΪϹӣĹ幫ʲôԹˮּ˵
ҿȻûô˵֮䲢ûи˳޵ĸоȻֻһͨˮ֣ǼҲ㻹ǿóǰˮһеӣǽ
ˣ͵ɪɣϣĿˣһһһĶࡣԹˮְڰ֣˵

˵֣ڴؾȻȣڴµҲûȣ棬û¾ͻᱻƷںΪʲôȴ˵ģƽһ㣿Թˮֵеɻ
㲻֪ɣǸ֣һһߣ˵Щߵ似رҲеһɡǰˮֿʼţ
似֪ģ߸˵Ƕ֪ĸ߿һģΪĿУռ˲ٵıֻЩеվվȣеĻδ
似ͻ˶֪ġ
ԷˣС磬Էˣ
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ȥʳȻǽֻпһ㡣
һǲˣ֪Ҷһ죬ӲûԵġ
㻹ڸ

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˲úǰˮ˲Сϵʳʱ֪Լ̫ˣڳŶʱ۾ôġ
Ǹոջڼװôǻ죿ңôû߾Ҫ֪װ嵽ֻһ·ԹˮɻУԭǸոڼװϵꡣ
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307 
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ɣԣ룬Ȼе죬ǻǴӦˣΪСô࣬ǸĺʲһǳԵġ
С㣬ˣ㲻ˡС˵
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Ҫǿ׼ȷȣ׼ȷȼûдľ⣬ŵ㶼רҵ̾硣
ҪľСڣǲ˵Ҳˡ


308 ʦ

ԼСȴûҪĹߡ
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һ;һꡭ
߰꣬ǺܾðӦ˵ʮʮ͡

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ǮŶһһᣬ˵õŶЦؿŴͻԿͻҪϵһּȻôϵۡ
ⲻܹļͥһϵԵļ壬ʣͳңȥ˵Ľ
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ǰ㣬Ȼܸͣ߹󣬵飬һģԸоҪҪʲôĻʲô¶ó
ңϵֹҲΪ߹ģòӦõʵС֮ôҲΪ
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԰
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΢΢һЦȻ˵ǾԼȥ򣬱ٵĶǻʵҲҪ׳ԡ



311 ֮
գˮը
Ȼֻһ⣬ȴ˺ܶ仯ҷζĶأСǴá
һߺһ߳ŷʢ磬С˺⣬ҲڲĽĶ
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СҲǹɣ˫֧СԴԺȣֱſ˵С磬ǳʲôһҪȡ
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˯ȻǰҪʱģΪĹѾԲˣҪʱҲȽһ㣬ϰ߸Ĳϲ˯
ڶ죬㻹ú磬ڼװƷ³ˣѩҲһһ
ദѩһˣһԭô磬ҲǹΪرΪ֮ġ
ͣ㣬ѩСһڲãڣˣףȻǺʹȾͷڳġ
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ڳͨһ컹Ҫʳ֮˵ٳһ͹ˣҺС棬ѩġˣأ
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ѩĸǱʣܺãǳĺáԴҲֻܿ佱Ҳ֪ѩ϶˯ҲģɵĿԡ
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ҪްһͺˣҲͲˡ΢΢һЦȻͿʼĹ档
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С㣬ǿȺɢУûжٲʵģֻܲϧǲܵζġ
ڴβ˵ļƻҲ޼ƻץ
ҿȥС˵Ҳϲںڵģܱ䡣



312 к
ʱһȥС㻹ǿȺЩϵǼҸÿ춼ܳԵͬĺʡ
ҪǣΪԷǳˣ˶ѾԸˡ
ֻȴһǳǷ֣ʳòƱȳҪúܶ࣬ÿ㶼ǰԵýζ˺ơ
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ʱã˵ʳڵ̯һȻãȴûȥԣСԼˣ͹ģˣȥ
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͹˵˺ܾãûȺҲûκεĴ֣˾ڴβ˺ܾãܾá
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֪ҸожĻشѩеȣȻֱ治ʲôǾͱе档
˾֪ҲоѩɻҲԼͣһһ˵
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ȻĿģҲ֪ԭ򣬵ͻȻðˣһҪԴˣ㶼ǻΪǿУǺ
ʱ򣬴˶ŵĿ㣬мװеĺŮ
ȴкƵ塣
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313 ˮ
㹫ӣǲڿЦ˵ЦҲ̫˰ɡ
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ҿЦĻôͣ˭𣿡ָָװϵŮ
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ʵŮƭ㣬һţȻܲ³ⶫãͲȥɡ
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㣬һ쵰ҲŹġŮݺݵ˵ԣѾˡ
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314 Ǳͧ
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ȡգǵĴС㣬湻ûУָ·ͻȻ˽кֻĻǴҺжǽ˭飬ȴ֪
Լұһ쵰ץסˡץסŮ溰òһҲûԼǡʡľ
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ⲻ̣֪أеǿɲЩ·ҵĺǼ괫ͳĺšȺܲˬ˵˵֮ɻı鿴㡣
·ҵǵĺϿЦ˵

Ȼû⻰˼ϸоԼڿն𣬴Ӵβ˳ȥȻ׹䡭
쵰쵰ڿеĿȽе֫衭
ʲôУô߶ȣʲôýеġʱѾվǱͧ棬סĿȡ
㡭ҲˣԼڴβ봬ײԶǱֻͧ׵ľ룬ˡ
ĺ뿨ȴסˡ
ʲôûŮ˧𣿡仰ǿ˵ģ㣬뺣һֻع鵽ǰǶӣҲЩ仯
ֻҲ֪ô䣬ϵʶȥģ˶ڿ㣬֪Ĺ׼ʲô
ҪˣǶȥǵ飬Ҵȶ㣬ҧ˵ոͬǰˣøӲˬˡ
עˣβɰŮСŮҪǣȻǻڵġЦŶЩڷĺ˵

ܸܲң⵽׷ʲôССӵڳĳ
еĺ⣬ȴͷͷѹȥǵͷͷվ㲻Զһźñӣ֣ӺǺˡ
Ǹʲôȥʲô꺣һĪϣЩ⻰֮󣬾Ͷ뵽ǵĹȥȥٿʹ
ţ꺣˵λӣܷܲſҵŮ
ŮŶ˵е⡣㿴˿ȣ˵ҵĵΣҿǱͧĲ֣ȻףҿǺͷӣǲȻһȥ
ǱֵͧǺУ֣ж֮ǡ꺣Ժ˵
ĬС
ǲǾֺơ꺣˵òƾͻһֱ飬ôˣһҪƨˡ
ûУֺȴֱӵ˵ĸܡ



315 񫣬ˬ
ˣϰȡˮƽ
Цؿ㣬һֻӡ
СӣӾСӸ²Ҫڶ֮һӣΪոǾ仰ۡǺͷͷѾʼˡ
˵ػصŮˣȥιһ£ĸ׿ô֮

֮ιιǺǱٵĴ֮ϵԱҲǴٵĶΪǻʲôĴ֮
仰֮󣬼еĺĬˣͷͷͿȡ
Ǵûпһ˿򶨵ĶԼһһʱĹӡ
ȻûôΪΪһûԲʱ֡
Сӣ̫ˣˡĻ֮󣬺ͷͷҪס쮶УԼͷôأ
ֻǣûаѻ˵ʱһⷢˡ

һкǱͧϵ˶˴䣬ͨһװ磬ӦǸոȥĺеһ
ѵֿ
׼ãͷͷ㲻ܣһ´󺰡


ܿ죬˿һɳԸƵ
ô£ͷͷȵССĿʹϣѵи֣ȻôԼһ˦
ȻԼ²Ǿ֣ǸսģԲֲһС
ٶȣȴ˵Լ˾ôĲһ
ϴŮˣһŮˣһСŮ̫ˣֵǶסʱĺڼװϽе
仰֮󣬾Ѿˣԭǻ
ҡҡͷǺͷͷ˵ѾˣǲҪǣǻǳ˰ɣǴжʧˡ
ŮˣǼٺˣȴĻôⶫط㡣ͷͷĻǿǡ
Ůˣһˣ΢Цָͷͷػ
иˣͷͷʶʵ
΢ЦţָָԼ˵ˡ
СѩˣͲԹˣɲģ˵ҲãҪֻܹǵǡ

ǶĬˣСʲôûԼʲôطǵĵ̣˵ĻѰ·
УǾץסˣǽǵ˿ΪʣҪȥǻڶ
ô˰ɡһ˲ӣ˷ŭĳĬ˺£ȻǾ͸Ͽ쳷˰ɣûʤġ
ϴ󣬰СӴж˿ιɡ
ԣӽι㡣

ϣûңһȺ㿿˻Ǽӳȥ
ֻιĽǣͬһȰһǣҪ˼С΢΢һЦ⻰Ȱˣȫڴ̼ˡ
㣬ܺãܺðͷͷŭЦСȻеԴ󣬲Һš
ţҪţͷһ˵Ļˣα֮ˣϲȴ˵ϲ

СӣֵĻͰŮˣһ۸һŮʲô¡ͷͷʱѹסŭֻΪȻ
˵ģҲѺʣǵʵûбҪ顣˦˦֣ʾ⿨뿪һ㡣
ߣȾȵؿ㣬ʵӸոտʼһֱûĻֻϰԵΪ㽫š
ţҲҶ֡ͷƽ֮˾е
ܺãҾ֪Сתһϣһ䵶׼ʹһˡ
룡㻹΢Ц
Ժŵĳ֣һӦǽֿˣ;Уҵ̼һ£бҪġ
Ǳͧĳ֣һȥǴһ˵ΪǱͧĳ֣Ȥѹȥˡ
ڣȻ£ȻǺˣ׼ȷ˵ǻӭ֮
ϣȺһ䣬ȻͿʼȥ˸Χ
㽲أⷽǲὲأȺŹȺŹ˵лǽľȻôкأ
ͷͷûֹķֻһԹۣͻʣһ֣һ֣Ҳܿ챻Լ»
ֻ뷨ֻƬ̣ܿ죬ͷԼˣһܴش
𣡡
ӴһˣҲǿȵĹ֮˫ĶһֿƺĶֻĶȴȵĹ߽⣬˳ȥ
ȣͷͷеԼŮɳȥ˦ԶĵطҺǺԱ˦ȥҲ̫ʹࡣ
ֻǣое㺹յǣСӻĲһҲ֪ϧ񣬽һŮӾ˦ȥ
ʵ֤Կȵȷûаһͳȥǲľ룬
ʱ򣬺ͷͷһ飬һڶ˰ΧУȭƻǽߡ
ʲôĹʽУȫֱ˵һгȥ󣬾һ˵ɳȥ
Ȼ˵ԽԽ࣬ߵ˷ԽԽ٣ĳٶԽԽ죬зһļ򵥣Ǻܳʽ
Щʽ˶ģֻû˱֤ԼΧ£˵׼ȷ
ʱһȥǱͧϻпʹϣطһһ£ɳˣͨǴϢ˸ԴԴϡ
棬úţпʹϵ˾֣Ƕ⣬⵽ôһ£Ǻ٣Χ˺
ΧˣҲ̫˰ɣ˵Χˣ
ܿ죬˦ûˣֻΪԱȫ棬Ըмˬŵ㣬Ҳе㲻ˡ
Ů˦ˣ϶ûսǲټսһоͨϰ죬Сһͻ˺ˣֻѩµģ΢õ㡣
񫰡þûôˬˡؽеߵѾûжˡ
С磬̫ˣո˵Ƕ֣ȴ˶ûˡֲãЩԽԽ١ʱСߣһͨԹСÿԹһƺˡ
ѩҲ£ߡ



316 ѩĽ
һû˵㣬˵Ǳ𣿡СˣⳡҲҪˣ̾еϧ
ģһ㶼Ǹְ
ֻǿСĲˬ̶ȣŲˣĻһᱻСɡ
㣬Ҳ˵СĶ֣ԣ˶С㣬ֻһˣʧܡ
ûܰҺˡСҡͷɲȻûкóԵģҲûкġ
ǷҪ֣˵ʲôҾͶˣС磬˵⻰ʲô˼С㿴㣬ʵ
ǲĺҸǲҪˡ΢ЦŻصҲң⻰ñ˸̲סҪǡ
֪ˣǹġСֱӵ˵
ôһɡܸɴسϣʵǸʱҲҪѩ֡
Ժڰ˻ôһأΪ˲˵ջϹɲܹǣԼȶֵġ
ҪԷأǵȻǣˣԺеǻᡣ
ʵҲΪûʲô̫ıҪԲŻջһ£ȻĻֱơ
ߣ㻹˵ң硣СϣȻ㼸£ʱرСģԼȭͷ׼ᣬ㶼һо
˵˵ҲаԽԽ˰һֽС㱧ţȻһСӡ
Сͷһ˵ŮӵȨС˵ġ
С꣬ʲộҲֻ̡
ҡҡͷСǸʱеãԼǸʱ˵ǲǴˣҲ֪뷨ԼҲ˵
Լеٶۡ
ʱ򣬲ɵúڣȻֻһ㣬ҲһкڵĸоСĬĬ֧֣Թ޻ڣⶼһھΡ
ιǸʲôʲôʱһ˼ƣһǿŭ
˾ǺͷͷСĶΪȫԼЩ˷ѾܴĻʼȥ
㿴˿ͷͷٿܱĺ΢Ц˵Ǹ˭ǵϴɣǱͧʱˡ
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˵ʲôͷͷڳĬ֮󣬷Ӧ󣬴ʵ
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ڣǺΧǷˡ
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ÿǵзҪǱ𣿡ǺͷͷŭĻҲǰԼͷͷʵߵģǶһ֡
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ͷͷϷǿҵƣһǸеĸ֣ǿ
Ŷ־ͺãҾ㲻ҵ
ͻȻͣˣûǰˣתͷѩ˵ѩλø㣬⺣һҪǿ䡣
صǿǼֻ֣Ϊ֪ѩһֵܼˣԼ˵Ļһ᲻һȥܶ֡
ţѩ붼ûϵͷӦȻźͷͷ˹ȥ
˳ĬУѩԼϴȥеת
ѩͽ̡ѩҲѧĳƺǸеһ
ʲô˼һϹӺҴ򣿡ͷͷòƺѩмһˡ
ʱ򣬴ͻȻеһ⣬һػðѩԺ֪ͷһ㡣
ѩ۾飬Ȼû˵˶֪еģ֮ԴѩҪԿ˷ϰһˣԼչԼ
ļƻҲܼ򵥣ȥչѩѵѩĳ̶֮ʱҲͲٹˡ
ЩһΪ˿һŮӣ˵ʲôҪչ˼һӡ
Լڳ㲻ӦѲŶԣȴѩԸִ֣һЩ飬ȴһЩ鲻⣬۸Ϲӣһᷴ
;˽⵽ģЩ۸ˣѵһٺٷ˫ۣʱԵģһҩʧһʱ䡣
ʩˣȻ㲻ѩ˵ϹӣҲ˳ΪϹӣЩɶһ̶ȵˡ
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Ϊ𣿡ͷͷüʻĶȻ㡣
ûϻҲûнͣʵ˵ѩоͿԽһС
룡ѩ˵һҲܺͷͷǲǰνͺһϰòϰߣѾ̵һ̶ˣˣǽ̵
νһ֣֪ûС
ͷͷڿѩһʱϾ֪ǰŮ򵥣ȻֻһǽǶϣȴǳꡣ
ͷͷ˿һյıܹһͬʱϽԼϸγʼʽѩս

ѩĽٵĳţͷͷʧ֣òǺܷſ෴ѩʽˮǳ
ʱ򣬴Ҳѷ֣ѩе㣬ʽҲƣֱ˵һޡ
ûѩڳʱ򣬾ѾĽֶҪģһ򣬾ͱʾѾľ硣
Ȼ˵ǲװԵ˼ȴĽ̵£γƵĽ˻ûѧ׾ˣǿĲ
ϣֽҲŲͬ¶һˣǾ仰һ;ͬ顣
ͷͷԽԽľһϹŮÿһжôҿ֪Լκ΢
ѵϹӣ


317 صĹϵ
ԣ
ͷͷѩзѩܿõ²⣬ֻΪһ°ǰ
㲻ϹӣѩȴŵĲҲ˵һ£ڲ۾
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ѵ˵⿿Ҳĳ̶
ûѩȥܣȻ˵ǺϤȺսĻҲæңе޷Ӧ
ѩֻǶԸһˣֻҪšͷͷһ˾Ϳԣġ
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Ⲣ˵żֻ֪ΪƻԼѵ
һеѵֻ֪ҪԼ״̬ԼչԼһ֮Ǿ˷ֵʱ
ѩһֻһִŵŮ޴ŮܸоҲܿó˼
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֮һ仰ڵѩռ˲ٵıˣŻѹס⺣ͷͷ
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ͷͷǰϸҲһħڱϵģһ㶼ѡϵϵУҲʹá
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ϵͲͬˣԽˮһ㡣
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ҲûлĻȫ˼ȥִУе㲻㵽Զֿʦ
ҲԺѩȻ캰ҪȴֶƴӵĹǴ۾㲻ڸʲô
ʱѩʽԽԽ׽㣬ûҪôҪﵽһʲôĿġ
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ʱ򣬺ͷͷѾʼеȥԼʧܣԼ޵ģȥͻԼûսеĶ᲻ơ
ܣҲѩһȫµĸֻҪԼڲ֮ؾͿԣҪϻܵˣȻԼһʺѩȴԣΪǺܼᶨʤص㡣
ȻܣҲҪȫȥлһҪգǰҪԼܲС
Ǻѩ似ͬԴȴȫͬ
ڿɹصƷĽ֮Ƶı仯һϲӵľǹѩǷ
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ʿ˵ͬһֽҲǸƫãϾÿ˶Ǹ壬һһġ
ˣѩĵִ̣ˣǽ̵̵ҲһԼԼص㣬ֻǽһЩȻԼˡ
ѩܲ󲿷ֶѾգʣµľҪϰȥˡ
ͷͷʼУֻΪԽԽƣ־ԼħҲһѩЧ
ѩͺһзˮȫսȥ
սֿʼˣͷͷе㷢Ҳ˵ô࣬ʼʹô͵ħв˴ѩϮ
ѩ˵ǱȽԶ㿪ģڵҲһɶ㿪ڲС
ڸأ
ܣѩýڿлһԲΣǰͳһܣ˺棬סܹ
ҪˣǿʹħģʱٲõĻǱˣĻ˵ħⶫʲôʱþʲôʱãҪɣҲҪǿ
ѩλãὫܵʹãֱѹ򺣵ͷͷ
ѩأ
ҲһڵĶսʽԽԽ񣬲Уκʽ
˵õķǽ仰ûʵǾԵģͬ


318 ùĺ
飡
ѩ˦򺣵ͷͷͷͷһܡ
֣ʽ£ӦǷֿŶԣںͷͷĽӴ֮󣬱ϾըˣŻᷢ
ͷͷһŪһе㲻⣬ԼûгôЧ
֪սʱ̣ҲϾͷӦֻǺһ㡣
أʱ򣬺ͷͷֱӦԼǰѩˡ
ϰ֣Сߣ
ϴСұߣߣ
ʱ򣬿ȺͺǽеνԹ壬ѩںͷͷʧˣʱҲ˵ȴһֱڡ
ǿͷͷΣʧȥѩټʶľͿʼѣֻǵĴ𰸺ең˵˵ҡ
ͷͷе㲻壬֪ԼȿǱߣôһʱܷʱֱ۴ʹ
ԣʱѩߣѾ֡
ʹķӦһתŽȥһǷʵģĿķܲܿѩֻǿҪҪѩ
ûվߣĿҲûдﵽѩ׵ĶһȻһںͷͷؿڣɡ
ҪɣƷ̵ģҪСŮӵҪСѩӵжŮӡ
ڵĺͷͷ֪ڿлһĻߣȻŮڶһͨһˮ
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ѩսʣźͷͷˮķ˵ţҲȻĶĸоһЩѾˡ
ѩ֮ʤñȽɣҲмɺϵѩñܣͷͷһ
Ƴȥʱ򣬾ѾֽţֻҪͻĴɢǸʱͽűƳȥɢʱ䣬ںͷͷ߱谭עɢʱ̣Ͳ̵Ĳ֣һ˲ͷͷߡ
Ǹʱ򣬺ͷͷǱ󵼵ĻҲᷢѩô򵥱
ڣʱ˳ѣһ˵ߣһʱ޷ж϶һ׵İˡ
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ллѩͷվû˵ˣϵı飬òƶĿ佱ܣ˴۾
ѵ˵Сôǿ
˵Ҳǣոһ˾չʾһʵֻǸʱûа취ȥȽϡ
Ҳ֪ȻЩʵʵ˵ⷽ˵ʵ顣
ٹʮ꣬ѩһԱȵùڵҲʮҲã˵ʮ׷ϣû˵ʮڲԡ
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ԴˣȴֻһЦȻһֺܲں˵û𣿡

ֵǣϰɣ㱻䣬ҲҪСһ٣ʵ̫Ƿˡ
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С㣬ѩǵʰһ¶תǱͧںУ鲻ͬζ
ţѩû㵽͵
Сȴˣ˵Ҫײ棡
˼һᣬȻ˵Ҳԣ׿ʼʣͲˣڴٻԵ㣬ɹ̫ϿǡãǾͲǱͧˣιһ¾ߡ
ӦøмС㣬ΪǱͧ˼ȻĻǾҪʹһʱ䡣
壬ǿԲι˰ɡ΢Ц
ͷͷĬһ֮˾ðɣ㹫ӣ˶ȥˣҪ䣬˾ˣʵ
ͷͷ㲻ǺǵģĴжҲʧˣֻڸ̾
ôôùֻ˳С㣬Ȼ֪ðСӡ
ΪСʹȻᱻһſϣǰһ֮󣬿Сʹ˳С⣬û뵽ȴ㣡
ĺͷͷĶһŰ


319 Сɷ
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ҲΪǱͧǱˮִĴྶͥõһħ֪ʶִģҲ
ҲҪ֪Щ񿪳˲ԭһֻҪþͿԣҪ֪⳵ôģʲôġ
ڣÿֻǲιۣǾ͸öˡ
֮ܶһ仰Ȼ棬ҪСκһÿڣûеص㡣
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ͷͷҵĽ
ס֣Ҫ𣿿ס֣ȹȥҪˣȴС͵һߡ
λС㣬Ҫȥ˭ȥûáѩ˵Ȼ󼱼ܵ
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Сһ߳Ŷһ߳˵
˵ѩ˺öˣҲû˵

ҿⶼʲôʲô˶ؿˡ
ϣʱĺͷͷ᣺ôôСɷǡ


320 ֲ
쵰޳ܵĻ쵰ȶһûӣԶ
ͷͷѾãǰ棬Ҳ֪˭ģٶȻǿ졣
С㣬㲻ҪٽˣԶʱ򣬲ϲ˵ѩǼŲˣﰵңոҺ滹ֳɵʳ֮ǰеģģҲϲԵĶ
ҪĻƸոյķ籩ƽϢ
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仹Ƕ㷴ڣҪǴڰ磬ԼԺ
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ᣬоϵģСҪٵĻ۽𾦡

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ͷͷҡͷ̾˵ΪʵݣòȻ𾴡
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ͷͷȣ˵㻹ᣬкܶ㶼֪£ҲҪ֪ġǺڰһͳ˭ѹˣܻݣΪڰ

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ͷͷ˶٣˵һһ˼ˣڰ綼սֻΪûϼֹһӡ
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ϰ֣Ļ˵һ㣿
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һݵĺڰԱǿ֪֣ϴǾۻʱ򣬾̸£Ȼ̸飬ȴ˵˵ʵԸ֮顣
ʱ˵ڵһֲĸ֣ЩӴ˺µ飬ȴʵԸ񣬵ʱЩֻ˵ʱòҪûµʱжԶ߶Զ
ξȻԼš

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321 㣬Ȣ
ȻһĹң̺죬ƽ𺣰
ɫɳ̲ϣϷСɹ̫Ůγһķ羰ߡ
ʱжȼȳｫΪһȼʤأΪģﲻȵЩȼʤز
ңﻹŵûеûгеȻʣ˭ԷģԺ
ҪΪʲôܵһۿⳡ棬ΪõģԶĵطܿüҲȽϲľɫ
ͷͷλþɳ̲֮ϣľʽṹһСͷȻҲС͵Ŀʹ
ţԿȻǡܺáܿĶһĿȻġ
죬´лټ
´֮ǰŴ֣ϵ˵ϻȻϣԴͻҪϵԶ԰һֱǺŷġ
ˣҲٿ㣡ȴܼ˵һζԴֻΪ
һ;ǰܣȫΪ򹤡
ʳΣΣûһʣ˳˵Ŭãðвȥ棬ȥ򺣵
Ǻͺ޳ܵõһǧҵĽҡ
˵Сʹ˱Ͼͨˣ˻ǺܶģڣǵĲƲᱻߣҲֻʹһЩ
ֻǣ˶ˣ˻Ҫбꡣ
ĻشҲܸɴ࣬ʲôʱ˵Ѱǣκ¶ҪдۣûѵͣҲ׷棬˲ر

ģлģҪ˵ôˣǻлټġʱ֪ˣǹģ˵ĴΪԺû棬Բűߡ

ˣԺټˡżװȺֵ
˶˵СӻǲҪټˣֻҶûа仰˵ѡ
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ǶһҪ֮һȴڵĵ죬ȴ˵ľۼء
ԭܼ򵥣⿪ŵĸۿֻҪȥĵ죬ҪתʹǰЩʹǶƵġ
Ʒһ㶼ｻףȻɢĸ䣬Ҳһķһ档
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ǱȽϲϲƻˡ
ȷһ˵ĵطǵȷһܲѡ񡣡һ£һС֮˵еۡ
𣿡ѩûиоֻΪ磬ȱɫ磬ԭҲһûио
ǵģո߹ƽɳ̲Ȼ֣ɫ󺣣ɫĺ񡭡㿪ʼ˵ԼĶһ˵Ҷɫʵݣѩо磬ĸֳɫʡ
ѩĻ֮󣬾˷ܵ˵ԺҪסǸöð
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ⶼʲôʲôʲôʱǣҵҪС㣬Ժ˵СԺټ㡣û˵
С˵ҪҲ˵Сǻ۸Сҹ
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Ҿȥ㣬㣬ȢţһֻЩ۰Ǹңû󣡣ǻŮˣ۸

ˣԼС˵һЩͯ£˵ѩ


322 ף
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ףСίǾԼܴȴǧȻֻ˳·Сȴöһ
СãϲСס㣬ȻǸһǣעϵġ
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ͬʱѩҲо㲢飬ֻȨ棬Լûô鲻ȥԼкĸȥ
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ⲢѪЩԸϵӦĹͷһľһ󵽵ģʱһªޱȵˣźܶ˺ԥֱӽ߳ȥ
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ףһ㶼ȸԼˣǲĶɡ
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С˱ǿҵˮܳҲ˲䱻ˮʪһӾͻðɣ׼һݺݵȭ
ֻǣߵʱ򣬻ȥˡ
С㱻ųԶҲԽˣֻһˣ㡣
ֻЦһˮͰҲ֪ǴģȻ˻ߣˮͰǿգԸոˮ֮˾
ԡˮףףҪҸףСˮͰȻܱҶ۰ԣصһôģףɡ΢Цɡ
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ߣţҸҸģҪףСͺܸɴܿȥˮͰ
ûиģˮȵȡͻȻɫһ䣬뵽һµʵ
ܿ죬С֤ܿʵ뷨һܴո˵ˮ
ַݶϵģľʵģˮġ
ιСҵˮʲôһڴţСΪǿһСŮű岻֪ٱˮܵʱ򣬶ˣûκε
𣿼˵뷨
뵱ˮǻ󺺲Űװȥģһǿյģˮҡˮװˮ
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323 ֵһ
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ôˣ㣿ѩʵһʼûпκεĶȻΨһֵǣһֱǣԼ֣ڻûзſ
оϣҲ֪ΪһЩˣǣԼ֣֮ǰʪÿ˵ûκμʱ򣬶ռˣȻ˵Լԭ򣬲ҲǱռˡ
ѩĳѩĴڣǽַſȻЦ˵ҽ񰡣˼
ͿʼԼĹ涼ѩѩʱҲȥȴôһʧ䣬㽫ַſʱͻȻһֵֺʧС
ֻһ㣬Ͼͱһˡ
˵һͷˮţʮףȻףһףٴףףʣͷˮţβǳĸ򣿡
˿⣬ȥţķȻţڳʲô򣬾ͱڵѩ
Ӧǳġѩ˵ʲôԽת䣬ֻǰճʶȥĴҲ׼Ĵ𰸣ϵͨ˶뵽ı׼𰸣ֱһʱ䳤㣬һʱһ㡣
ͷ˵ţ㲻ô̵ʱˮţķ˼ϸܡ
Ŀ佱ѩͻȻһۣټ˵ģûпԼԭоôá
ǣоܿûˡ
ѩûһ⣬ˮţβǳģ
ѩһȻȥ䣬ĹСˮţĻᲢǺܶ࣬˺þòǣ˵
û𰸺ܼ򵥣¡Ц˵
ϲˣͻȻһȻžˣѩǰӭ˵һţһ⡣
ҽϲ洳ϷˣӸոյжϳҽɽ˻ǺܹעģովԲʲô߿Ƽܣôжϳ𰸣ȻԶ
ЩŶǸҽŵġ
ڣ֪ҽϲҲģȻҲ⡣
ʲô⣿
ţͼҳͼﲻͬ˴Ҳ磬ǻҽеε˵
ҾͰﲻˡѩĵҪ˿üУôҳͼĲͬͼ
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Ҫ鱾ٵȡ裬СĶٶܿһ΢ı仯Ҳֳܷ
ΪʿҲûУǾͲҪ⽭ˣ԰ԵģȻԸģǷȴʵ
ǵȷ𰸻һЩ΢ϸҲָһԿϷҽգû뵽Լ⻭Ȼô⣬Ƕ˰
ء
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ѩקһ·˼Ҫһ¡
㿴ŵ˵һû˰ûģȻҪ裬⣬ǰյϵĽӡǰӦǹ͢裬һ壬ӦûЩ衣
һᣬֻҲǺܻᡣѩ΢΢һ졣
ǰɣǰһŮȷƶͷ濤ҪһλϯĻӦúܶŶԡе㲻ŵ˵˽⣬ƶ濤ɶָ֡
ҺٳϯᣬΪҡѩ˵úܵͺܵ͡
ôˣ㣬յѩϣûĻ˫˵һ¼ˡ
Ϊ赸׳աѩеее㺦ߣǱ׷ߵ顣
赸׳գѵ˵ʲôϵϰ㿴ѩɻѩ巴Ӧ似ѧϰ˵һʺܺõŮӣӦҲܺãŮô赸׳ա
ֻһǾϰȥ衣
ϵϰѩɻ
ǰǲǷʲô£ǣųʲô£赸йص顣ʵ
ʱҪȻĻǺͨһأһһ貽ͻơ
ոҲСʯͷһӣ
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ңѩ˵еʹֻ࣬ȴһʵ
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˺ˣЦˣʱǸкҲܣŽռˣҵġסЦݺ˵
ֻһ飬˵ҲˣΪԲŻеϰͱ裬ԡ
ѩҡͷ˵Ҳ֪ôҲѧᣬǱֱŵģҲұȽϱɡ
Ҫ˵ǱĻ¾ûмˡƶ֮ԿԳΪָ֣ΪǾԼ裬һ˴ûȻȲǡ㽫ѩԼļϡ
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һѩ֣һַλãһ׼˫ӡ
ѩصţǽţԼǰܣԼʲôϰıֱš
ŵȴŵһ̣ͻȻ˵һ仰һ¡
˵ֻˣǧҪһʱСߵң

ʼҵĽŲҵָʾ
㿪ʼѩµļܡ裡
һʼʱѩеηæҵģԼ˵ıֱţԼоԼһ㡣
ãڱ˵ţƽеĸоĸĽŲģģʼ衭
ѩĲԽԽ˳Ҳ˵ԽԽſٶǼʲôо׼ȷ˵ߣͻὫЩӵ
Դˣֻ˵Ҫ˭ϵרңЩСëֵһӾ͸ˣ
ϰ˲ġ
ȴû˵Ҳֻǰº֤ѩʱ򣬸һҪ裬ǲܵ顣
ЩĹӣѩʱ򣬲Сͱ˦ȥˣǸʱֻңûýߡ
˵ҲΪרǸӣ߷ԣƷͲ̫ˡ
˵ҲѾ㹻ˣڽѩһʱͿʼѩ뿼ĵطʼŵϵĲǰ
һʼʱ㵱ȻϰûôǿһӾѧᣬһӾϵȱ
Ҳò˵ѩԺѧϰҲһʱ䣬ϵôá
˵⻷أ͵˵ˣǷǳҲΪһ͵ŵҽ񷢴ˡ
̫ˣ̫ˡ
ҽе뷨
ֻǿϧˣ边ȻʺϵĳΪ˹ضģҪǷһĵطǽǶõ顣
У裬ӦҪôһ͵ģ˿һĻ
ϧʵǿϧ
ҽдпϧͬʱÿϧ鷢ˡ
ͣˣ
ѩѾǰѾͨϵһء
ͨˣҽòе㲻ԸĴţѩһء
ڽ֮ǰѩץ֣ո˫ŵ˫֣ãʵ㣬̹ٸŮ裬и˭
ıѩо輼ĸ߳һоĸоϸոյĸоûɢͳоʳԺҲʵ顣
ûʲôܲػش⣬ֻһϾҿɲôŮˣҲûȥ̱ˡ
ѩÿĵͬʱָоһʧ


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һ軹ǽ裬ʲôˣ㶼ǵڶһϾǰѩּţòһˡ
ҲǴˣеϰ˰ɡ
Ͼ˭ļҵС㣿ѩе࣬ϾҲһ鲻Ǻ˽⣬ǰֻעʵ
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ϾҵһʱŮѾصСߣʱҲΪҵĲ£˾ͻȥˡǸʱϲչҵͳʱŮ΢΢һЦеᣬе㻳
ŶǲǺѩоĻ벻ͬ顣
е㣬ҪĻǾͺˣҽȽϲǰŲ׵ھ꣬Ӧøһ¥ˡҽߺܶ·΢Ц˿ûԼе뷨
ӦôŶԡѩ˵кôһԴ׵ĸо
ҴոûҵĻֻҵʱŮǿ˿ȡ˹ŮҺ޹ϵصһûʲôټˡ
ԲҲ˵¡ѩû뵽˵һ仰оϺԼвõ飬ϵǸ
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Ŷ֪ˡѩͻȻеһˣĻԸȥϣȴвòȥ⻰
˵ϾĲˣκ˾ͻȥˣԼֺγǣκһֿ˱ûκεķֱԼֻϵѣûϵʲôǡ
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ˣǿ̬ҽһʲô
ϲĹأڿʼɱ˻Ľܿŵİ취ҲҪܵĿ顣
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ᣬѩúᡣ
ϻ˵㻹ʲôϣٽеģ档΢΢üȻһٳֵ˵
СӻôţҪҵġ
ʱҽ̲ˬˣҪˡ
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ûлشú˷ϻôӣϹӣȻ˭õѩûġ
ȿȣӦÿˣһУҪʮӵʱװȥҽ˵
Уһֹĥʱߣǽܶ಻ͬ״һĺӣ۲װҪһѭҪѭ˾ͻ޷һҪһʱС
м򵥵иӵģ򵥵һֻҪʱ䶼棬ӵģֻһĲÿѵʱ٣ֱӵ׼
ǣһ˵ӵжҪһСʱõʱɲװһЩƷģҪһüС
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ҪǱЩ֪ͻҽȻǰ׳գֱ˵Ǳ̬ġ
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ҽ⻰Уȷһ£ո׼ģԼǰ洳صʱں׼µĹؿڡ
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ܣϵһûС壬˿˲㲻ҪƭҡĹ͢Ҳͨ嶼ûôܻС壿ҽȻš
ʵˣŲ㣬ֻҪôŪУĲҪȻ
ûȷһС壬ҿֻ֤Ҳû뵽Ҷ档ѩ԰֤֪ġ
ѩ棬ǾңҶ˵ĻţǶں治ˡҽǲме˲СӵǲҪ˰æƵģ˰æ̬
⣬һ˵ҪæͰæʱԸҲа취ֻҪ

ѩĻ֮󣬾ͺϸؽС
Ҳ֪ʲôӵģԲ֪Ǽ򵥵ĻǸӵģǰһǸӣʮɣڵ㡣ߣ
ѩǱѩ㿴Ҳܲ³Ǹӵģһߣֵоˣò˵ǲˬ
ԭ򵥵ĺܣ߹ȥվӵǰ棬ǽ˵ʱɣ費Ҫʮô
ҽѩûŪ˵ܿһǲŵĻˡ
˫ڻţٶȿԷֱȺѭҽֻȫ֣ѩǸо֮죬Ī׷о


330 
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˫ڻţ˫ֵĶһеͳϣʼʱֵٶȻеԽԽ졣
ҲԽԲĶԽԽ࣬٣ȻԽԽ졣
Ź֮ҡҡ֣ѾûκεĶеûһһģȫ𿪷ϡ
ʱЦ˵ˣѾˣûʲôأϡ
㣬ôô죿ҽôҲ벻ԼѾͿ̵ʱ䣬ҲʲôǺܳԣġ
Ȼ˵װʱҪȲʱ࣬һҲͶͺܶˣֻķӡ
ܹʱӣʮӻԶķӣ
漣ֻ˵漣
ҽѩڵ뷨һΪٶȾһ漣ֻǽһ漣չǵǰ
˰ɣװˡ΢Ц˵ͬʱ˫ֿʼ衣
ʱԿ˫ֻӣʧˣһʧǰ棬˫ֻٶ̫죬ֻܿһȫӰɵԲ򡭡
ʱһһȥϵԽԽ٣ӰɵԲԽԽֱûˣԲʧˣӰҲʧˡ
ջ˫֣һȱгǰȻ˲ֻüֻһԼֻжһЧ
ˣһӶûУȸոջҪ죬ôأʲô֣ҽȵصţѩҲеʮֳԾ
㣬ǰû𣿡ѩǰոƭˡ
ûУⶫ̫ˣʼе㲻Ϥһ㣬һεĻһ졣ص˵ʵֿ˵ɵһ˫֣õǶ뼼ɣĪġ
ٵİƲǰģ˵ˣ֮ǰ˵ڼҵʱǼһɽʲôǱġ
뵽𵱳ʹӣЩͷû¾͸ԼأԼǵѵ£ԻزǷǳϤֱӲװȥȻŪЩͷԼԼĻС
Ȼ֮ǰԻһЩСС޸ģЩʧ˵ͣĹܡ
Ȼضܲװж˵ʵ̫򵥵ģСӵĻľһ򵥣ţ˵СӵĻľ
⣬򵥣ƣǿٵģȻǰʹʮƵʱôӰأǾƷٶȡ
Ŷѩ붮Ŷţ˵ܼ򵥣ȴΪʲô򵥡
ҲνҲģʱ֪鲢һҪ֪ԭҪȥ˽ĻϵŹоһˡ
ҽʲô㽫͵һߣԼѩԲ·ֱǵš
ιˣɵŸûûؽе
ϣϡҽ𣬺γһ㣬ھ֮С
ſˣּŴϷ
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ͨ
ƴͼµƬһͼҪǿļ٣˵Ҳʲô
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ҽǹһһ⣬һߵѩеԽԽҽ亹
ҽ˵ûǰȻ˴ĹؿѶȺҪСö࣬رչˣһһΡ
֪˵ھŹء
ҿ㿪ʼˣˣȻ޳ܣʡ㵽󣬾ֱεرҽ޳ܵıӡ
ʲô⣿ѩ֮ǰȻҪȽͻ⡣
صǣһţȺɰסڡɫĹĸţɡ
ڹţУţţ֮൱ںţ1/2+1/3ţţ֮൱ڻţ1/4+1/5ţţ֮൱ڰţ1/6+1/7
ĸţУţȫţ1/3+1/4ţȫ廨ţ1/4+1/5ţȫţ1/5+1/6ţȫţ1/6+1/7ҵţȺɵģ
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ȥˣ̫Ҳûȥ㡣һҪȺţأǸʱţ¡㿴ѩԻӣʮֿɰͬʱҲеΣѧ⣬˼ҶҪо
һ濴ģѧ½һΪһ֣½ǿѧͳơעһ£ǰ׵Ⱥţ⣬ЦЦûǸȥһôǿѧ⣬Ծͽһ¡
ҽҲҽҲлῴǿѧ⣬ͬʱҲ֪𲻳ģֻڵѡ
ǿһδβ˼ĳɹе㲻ƽ⣬صȥ齫ҳ
ô벻˰ɣֻܻȥˡҽЦţס㣬ھúˬʮֵĳ졣
㣬̫ˣǻȥɡѩץ˵ϲ㱻˵ѣϲ㱻ЦǶôЦǶôҲϲ
ңΪ͸ϲˣԸԼؼĻᣬҲˡ
΢΢һЦѩ֣˵ɵѾͷ֪Ҫᣬ޳ܲҪļһʵܼ򵥣֮ǰֻΪĲŻ棬ȻƻϷǾͲҪҡ
Ļѩ⣬ҽҲףʲô˼
ʲô˼֪ܿˡ
΢΢һγǰ֮һǽһӣ񱩵ı˪֮ڿУǽϮȥ
˪֮ǽסѩǽǰ棬һǽʼˣһСԺӣԺһģ˷ŵͷ
ѩۣ
湻˰ɣǽˣ΢ЦţЦú޺


331 竹
㣬ô֪ģͷԸѩǸոһֱڵҽ˵ոһֱ˵ҽĻ
ʵ֤ǰ˾ҽҽûˡ
һʼǾ֪ո߹ĹһֱΧԺȦѩӦҲܸоɡ΢Ц˵һ±ϵѩ
ţڵŵʱһʼ֪Ȧѩͷҽ񷢳ʱܸоĴڡ
ĸ󲻹ǽһ㣬ûʲô豸ѩӶֳ︡ĸʩͬʱҲĸΨһˡҽ
ֻȻѩ֪ҽ棬ȴûֱԽؿķʽ棬ǽˣԼµš
֮һʱʹķʽһʼѾ뵽һУֻǿʼʱú棬ҽ档
ҽν⣬˵ֻϷϷ
ֻǺˣΪͲϷǵѣȻ˵ǰҲǣǰƽġ
ȿȣҶ֪ⲻ˵⣬ͻʹһּ򵥵İ취Ǿ
ԶǽܽѰ취һҲǴͳŷһ˱һһȺˡ
ˣҲƻأôأͷӦ֮󣬾ͷŭˡ
㵱ǰ׳д𣿳⣬ǾǲҪ˵ϵڶû˸˵ԼǵһġͷһŰӣȫһ竹ӵ
㣬ôͷѹסˣֻһҽʦûκε˵ҽ񣬼˲٣Щ˶ģŵġ
㵱Ȼǿˣ÷Ŵ㣬ûκĻոһУپͻȫŵ˵ԸͷҪһ㣬ײĺ
ʵҽôɶҲֻܻҪҽȰ˵ѩƣͻҽףʲôвҲΡ
֪ҽˣǾ͸ðˣв͸ӵӦˡ
Ҳֻܹҽùˣһ֮ǰôãǵûʱˡ
һԭҽʦѾ˵βǾͲƣҵⶼܵõҵƣҪ˵׵ΪҽͷòƷԼոյӺûãϾװһ䲻ӡ
ȻǽԭҽʦǿˣӦơָ˵⣬һ֮
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һߵѩ̲סҪЦҲ֪ԼΪʲôҪЦǰ̬һһǵûве޳ɡ
ҲΪҲǰҽ̫ڿɶʵᣬõѵòġ
㣬Ҹոһʱڿ죬Ѿҽʦˣֻһͨͷǽԭġҽǿ򶨵˵΢΢ȴףЩ⡣
竹ӣ˭֪ʲô˵һˣ͸Լôһ£ԼǽڳΪ顣
ϲԭˣֻҲһҵԭܼ򵥣Ҫ飬ͱɹмʲôۣʲôϰҶȥȥҪ顣΢Цţдһ⣬ҽо⡣
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㣬ðɡѩ˵ķʽָ˫ۺǷԣҪҲȥԡ
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ҽĲƲȻͱǰѧ˺޳ܵռˣȻҪΪҽûˣûм̳ˣΪѽˡ
ҽǰˣռĲҲ٣û¾о棬Ҳ˷ѣԼõ
ڲûˣҪĻҪǮ򣬶ֲ뻨ǮҶ̶λСû¶ըϷḻĲˣԼһӡ
ڴ֪ոǾ仰Ӧһ㡭
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仰û˵꣬һѾϡ
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336 ĥ
Ҷ̶ӦʶģǼ棬رĹϵӦûУЩըǿЩС׼ףոҾ룬ҪϾͺˡ
΢΢һЦ֪ΪʲôѩӣȻǰһֱ˵ûУý͡
ԭһΪˣ㲻ҪôΣյĶˣ̫ΣˣÿζҵĺºһӡôȰ㶼ȥղˣϲԵĴ㡣
ѩ˵ţһֵȴɢȥ飬һ֮˾ͺһ㡣
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󣬴ûйӣǰȻҲŮӵһʱ򣬱˵Ͼ֮ǵĴͼСҵСꡣ
һһǸʱǲö֣ҪչǵһЩĸо
˵鶼Ҫ˫ģĺѽֵȴʧĸ飬Ȼпǿ̹ĵİȴʼջһʲô
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Ǿʲô˵أԣĥԽĥԽи飬˶ûķķչ
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ӿʼתʼƻ飡

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ʥ֮ǣҴСްƺܶ˶ѡֱѾûʲôԭ˵ġ
Ҳ㽻ްԭ򡭡
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Ҷ̶С㣬ôҲˣѵħʯȤ˵ϲЩһЩֵĶˣ˵˭ްЦŵǿΪҵĴСЩȻֻһ᲻Щ
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ԭǵ飬ǵҶ̶˵Լ·ߣҶ̶ʱҲҪȸȣֻȴû⣬Ҳû˵ҪҶ̶ǱᣬǺܸɴˡ
Ҳԣںѩˣ˵ͬУ˽ԸͲҪȥУ㣬δŵӣ
Ҷ̶ҡͷ˵ܣŲȢ㣬ҪȢңѾй֮ˡ
ʲôҶ̶ⷬðˣеŮʼð
㣬㻹˵ûкʲôѾϵˣ˼ڶɱˣߣÿģ

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Ժеҡϣһ裬ѩеʱ⡣
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֮ԺҲô࣬ѾˣĲ㹻޽µԺӡ
Ҫ˵ʲôϣʵҲ࣬һЩ߶ѣͥԺмõĲ޷Щݲݺʯͷ֮ġ
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ȻԼŮˣͻչ˲ްһһԶȥ
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ֻǣЩŮȴûֻΪҲ˶١
֪֮ܶ⣬׳յߣȻۼôĶԸԺŮǵĸ·øۡ
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飡
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338 
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һڲ裺ҲǺѣҶ˽ߣԼģͶԷĶĽԶһֱս⼸꽻߶ƹƹȥġ

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ĵʱ򣬺СоһµʱˣԼǸԵıͼסЩ֡

ѩһԶԣû뵽㻹İǧ˵ֶסˣΪֻˣ˵޷ش⡣
⣬ʮ˳ĬöûзӦ
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ʲôɣұû˵ҽ͸ҽѾˣǲŹʲô°Դ˺ܲ⣬豭һڡ
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쵰㣬˵˭Сѩ΢ŭͬʱһֱۡ
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ʲôԼҪģнƳ̽ˣҪˣҪ鷳ҲҲˡȫһ¿ˮ̵ӣвΡ

ѩҪȥɣҪܾòܻʡҪԼ³ˣֻǡ
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ʱŮ˵ˣ⣬Ҳ֪ܸɴĳԼ֪ҲǱĹ㷳ˡ
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ڹһ֮󣬽ŽеŮƿǴûԺţʱôһ
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ŮĿԺϴεļ䣬źӦһŲŶԣڳǰȴһء
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ǴΪķ˵ľ֮˵ţֱ˼ɾһȣԼΪĻ԰ʧȥɫʡ
ŮˣһһǱͥԺ֮ɫȫԼҪʲôֻ֪С
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ŮͥԺŮǱеĺȲ裬Ůץ֣Ƣֺֹʲô˸˵ĸоܰһ㡣
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ŮҲ֪һЩҲһ뷨ͬʱҲע⵽һ£Ů۾ţʲôһ㡣
ǿϣ˵ҽƣǴе˭Ρ
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ھǱҲ֪ԼϷŪˣŮһһˣȻҲҽ
Ȼ֪ʱҪƣҲǰɶҽйϵ̲סݺݵص㡣
Ŀ˰죬Ҳ˰죬ڷԼˣ˭ð𣬿ֳ֪Ů⣬ʮ˿Ǵǿҵɱ
ѩŪɣôоеˬȻץԼѩ˵ոѩûг벻ϷŪ˵⡣
Ҳ֪ǹģΪעЩˣ˷ſ
ʾɣԼŮˣǴĻеóģĻǡ
ţϲʲôҶˣŮƯ𣿡
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ܼһ˵ĻͻԻش𣬵µˣʲô˵ʲô
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ʶࡣѩòƺǿģ˾֣⻰񲢲ǿ佱ɡ
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˵˵仰ѩе㲻ˣ⻰ǷԼģ㲻ͬ˵ñȽϣͱʾԼŮ࣬Ȼֱ˵˭Ư
ڲ£˵ԼƯһ㣬˵еĵλһ˲һٱһҪҲֻҪһˡ
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Ϊ˴룬ѡסŭһǸشζŵ⡣
λС㣬ѾشΣ˵Σذɣ˳ҸȫµˣҽѾˣĸҲѾˣѩӡ㿴һŮ˵
ˣҽˣŮŵؿ㡣
ǰѾˣĹڶ棬ȥ֪ػص輸ǾµĵģŽĽţһܵӡ
ó𣿡ѩʵ
ţ㲻ҪÿζʺòáͷȻε
ϲ
㣡
Իˣѩģ⼸ԽԽһͨľӼŮһ͵֡
ѩ˵ʱŮѾȥȷ£ȥ˺ܿͻ棬Чʿ죬һҪԭҽķĹڸԶ
걨棬ŮɫϾͱˣúܸӣʧʹ࣬Ҳߡ
ҽķĹѾˣһⲻʱƭҲû˻Լˣ仹ԼļҸ
㣬ܴѵо֢𣿡ѩСʵҪҽĲǾ֢˭ϡ
ȿڲ裬ͬСػصɫǣþ֢Ӧѣ߶ҪǸˡ
˵ôС˵СܵСڡ
Ŷݺ񲻼򵥣
Ӧò򵥣ܸоСϵʰɣ
ţܣһͨĹС㡣
ûһϢһ֮ˣϵ·ӦǶģ֪Ŀǰֻһ֧㣬֧˾͵ûˣҲ˵ݲ󣬾Ů
һŮͲ󡣡
ǿ˵СҲ١
ҲǣͲĻҲȻ󡣡
ֹŶϹСҲܶ࣬ţ۲ݡ
㣬ߡ˶ôİɣԺ᲻Ҳ
ԺˣҲֻ۲ݡ

ѩһˣϸ룬ȷеߵŮӾȻûһСģ˵С㣿ȻСʵһǧˡ
ĿǰȷްϺüꡭ
ҪˣǣȻҽѾˣ˭ΪʲôҪϷŪǣŮѩʼˣĻشĻÿ
һ£ҴûϷŪǣֻǼ⣬ԼҪģֻǺǡʼ磬һ£ҲûҪǻش⣬ҵĴһֱţֻҪžͿԽȴϲʴϷ
ŮʮȫסˣڻûҪǻش⣬Ҳû˵Ҫشܽ
뵽ˡ
΢΢һЦ˵˭ûбҪ֪˵Ҫ֪˵ݣҪԱȡ
˵ţʱҲԼݣȻһŴֲ·ѹţôס
ŮҹŮ˵
ȻŮѩһ£ѩǾϵġ


341 Ů֮
ҹܽ𣿡ѩе
ܣҹաصѩںʲôǹ֣ôȡ֣仹Ů
ѩһûע⣬ҲǿԷںģա
Ŷѩһ󣬾Ͳ˵ˣЩӦý
Ů£ҽ㣬ѩʥ½Ļشܼ࣬˾̫ˣ֮½⣬ʲôû˵
Ҳǣ˵ʲôѩǺͨˣеʵ⣬˶ûκˣ˶Ƕ͵ģ˵ıҲ鷳Ը񣬻һİ˽ͲŹˡ
ʥ½Ǿ˵ǲ񣿡Ůҹʵ
Ҫѩڴʲôʲô˶˵ֲ·Ƶģʿƶġ
ƵģΪϵ·Ųһ١
ԭ򣬲㲻ûǮȥ·ѩͻȻ·̫˷ǮˣϲԼ첹ϲš
оѩԽԽĸǱʣڼ󣬲˷һǮûǻỨҲʹŮ˵Ĳǳּе
·ҪʾУһ˵ɵ·Ƚһ㣬ѩŮҲ˾ʹһ·
ʵ㲻֪ѩ֮ԻҲһȽصԭϲ·ǵһ·
ȻѩҲֻڼû˵ʱԼ㴩·ص½ǻһ·
һ壬ȻײüʧˣԼҲܣȻ˼ЦȻ֪⣬ϲ
Ҳ֪˵ͬʱҲףȥ·ȵ컹ѣԾ͸ɴһˡ
ǣѩʱشֻ￴Ҿǲˡ
ûҪģǻǻȥ취ɣˡ΢΢һЦȻòġ

ѩһֻСôʲô˵֮󣬾Ͷѩû˵
ôˣⲻ˵𣿡
֪ǲˣ֪ҽѾ£Ǿͻµ˭еģֻһЩ⣬ŮҲ벻Ҳ֮ǰǾҪˡ
˼ֻǡѩͷеѹӡ
װˣû㣬ֻ˵㱿ѡĻ˺ȴʵ
ߣ
µûŮȷ׷ʣеǣȻϾʡ
λλС㣬Ĳ˭Ƶģҹѩʵ
ҽ񣡡ֱӻصѩȻܹɵѡĬ
ǲˣңҹЦ˵ŭȴ˶ܸоġ
ˣŮҪˣСӵùˡ
۵ҲǶڵ˶֪Ůŭһ̶ȵʱЦЦݣͻ˵ù
ûУȻϲˣˣӲ˵ѣΪһʵˡԴ˺ţǸ²ӣ޹ء
ߣʵˣ˵ѣ仰һЦĻѻȻ˵ҽǰѾˣ۾˭ƣӣ֮һֱûнƵġҹЦ
ƭҲҪи޶ȣС
ȣҪһ㣬ǰѾƣҽҲͲˣʣµֻǻҩô򵥵飬ȫҪҾͿɡ㽫򵥻Լúܼ򵥡
ǻҩû⻻ҩҲнģɲͨĲûһҽˣ޷⹤
𣿡ҹе㻳ɵؿ㡣
ΪôвĻǾưɣҪﵢˡʱֱһ˵ӣ˭֪Ϊ˸ȥ
ҹܲˣҽôҲ˼߰ɣѵ˵ҵ
Ůݲ˵͹˵࣬ҲӦø˼ߡ
ҹȻܺѩ࣬Ǿͱʾ̶ȣһɫΪɫŮȻϲӬһһδεĸߡ
֪ⲻǰΪ֮ΪԼעпԿȫںԼںԼݣںԼò֮Ůеܲסĺܴ
ʲô˼Ϊв𣿡ҹҲ㣬ֻһƿ˵ҲϣвңͲôˡ
仰֮Ӧ˵˺棬ʣֻһ˵˵ˡ
Ȳ裬Եģ˦˦ҹ
ѩֻǺصȴţҹĻ֮ܺ浽˭ˣŮӵĺеģеŮӡ
ȴûʳڣֻΪ˵˵ǸҪ鷳
ǣ˾ҹһ˵֪ôȥ
һ֮ҹ̾һ˵ʵҵĵܵܣǰһֲֹһֱڴϣҹ˵ҽʦûа취ʲôԭҲ֪ԽԽݣѾΣյĵز
һΣʧˣǸʱǻҰ취ԾûмҽǰѾԹа취ûгɹˣһΣҴôˣҪҽǰİ
ֻû뵽ҽǰѾǰѾѵ⣬Ҫһ塣
㻹ڳĬУȻ֪òֻһӣҲǰŮ˵ĵܵܡ
λǴвŮģֻӲʸΪŮûʸģֻʣŮǵʱҲƽѡһ
򵥵˵ǲŮģҲһҲΪǾŮ̫⣬ᱻƿأҲǵŮ
µĽ۾ǣӹˣӣڵͻʧȥȨͬʱҲȨ֮


342 һķ
ֻҪ˭κҵܵܵĲʹٴĴۣҶԸ⡭
Ů˵ʱѩǱ˵ĻֻΪѩףΪʲôŮ˵ĻûӾͲƵġ
Ͱ򵥵˵ѩ
㣬ҪҪȥһ£Ǯİѩ˽֮˵
ΪҲ밡ֻҵҽһκӣҴûаյ顣εػػңȥǱ̫鷳ˣֲ˳·
۵ĵĶϷ
ѩΪתˣԸŹѵթᣬԭֻΪ֪ԼҲβˣȥԲŻ᲻ҹĻ
ιеòòãû˵𣿡˵ΪǵŮе㲻ˣԼ˵飬ȴ߷磬ԹԵ˵Ļ
˵һ仰Ů¸оԼҪɱ˵ĳ嶯
ˣ˵ģ˵ǵģҸ˵ģʲôòòġ

Ů£ǽȥȥһ£Ǻ˵һǾ߰ɡѾûˡһŮһ˳Ե
ţȥ飬ģҾҪɶСӺÿŮº棬ܼɵ˵ⷬвʵĻ
ţŮ»ѧ߾Ժ￴ƷͥԺ˾ͱȥ飬˽ѩ׼Ƿֻѩˣûˡ
ѩͬ
λӣȻССլҲ˽أѵû˵ͬͽȥе̫𣿡㻹û˵ʲôʱѩѾ˵ǰ棬Į˵
Ůϲ˽Լļң仹İˣʶҪѩӣȾͻǵѩ
Сÿһ㣬˵ͲˡԱˣԲŻ塣
Ҳѹ֣֮ǰˣôãֱӣٽֱѩסôá
ʵ˵ңذɡѩܳʵ˵оǰ˵ʵ˵ûѵ»ᱻܣڲͬڻϺһһҸоҪ
һ㣬㹻ʤˣҪǼЩӵѵʵ˵һǧԶԶˮƽ
ˣǰˣغϾͻᱻѩŵ
ֻǣʱ滰Ǻŵģѩʱ˵Ļ֪ģҲԸȥţο滰
СҲ롭˺Ǹ߰˵лһŭ𣬱ϾѩոյĻΪôܱأ仹һС
͵ΪֵҪ쭵ʱѩһ֣һƽķɡ


ǰİ˵Ľİ˵ľ֮Щ˶ͣŵؿѩ
ôҲţһľŮһһ۾Ů׵һƽԼߵĸķɡ
ҲǸ˵ùһʼѾˣΣѩ߶ҲѧһƷӣ͵õһһķɡ
ϻö࣡ѩ֣ȻǰЩ˵λ˵ļңû˵ͬ⣬ǾͲҪ̤һֻǻȥҪĻǺǣԼͿŰˡ㣬ȥˣҪ𣿡
ˣǶ̼ŮӵƤͬʱڵãɣȻػصѩΪȫ⡣
ֻҪѩû£ʲô¶顣
վڣǻûꡭվѩ˵һķɣôܷء
ѩûᣬͺû˵Ļһֱӽݣ׼Ĳϡ
ûᣬ֪£һҪȴܼ򵥣㲻ϲκ˴ѩ׼ȷ˵ǲϲκ˴Ÿ׼˵ˡ
֣㲻ҪҼҵŮˣʹģʲôº̸ҲһͻȻ˵ǰ棬ȻЦ˵
㣬˵˭ѩǾ䡰ҼҵŮˡܣϻûӣһǱȽϺߵġ
ûУֻ˵ӦúѣҲǲܵ顣һ˵
ߣѩһ֪ǿĻߵߣʧڴҵ߷Χ
Ҫûǰɣܼ򵥣ǵŮ½ȥ˸档һ˵ǣãǾǵ˻Ȼ뿪ֱ뿪һӾͽҵĻʣֻѡҪôŮ½ȥҪôǲҪ
֮ԻŮ½ȥ˼Ư˼ҽȥΪȻŮһнҶ
ңô˵ҲѩĹ뷿ô˽ȥķ䣬ŮӿҲûʧȫ⡣
ҵҪʲô¸˵ǰ˺ǻ˵˺һ׼νԸ㡣
ҶˣҪʹñԴҶáЦ˵Ȼ˱ǰľ룬˲û˿һ
㡭һҪνȴһְֻס޷γ
ת˺Žÿǽȴһȫѹġ
Ůµ˿ӰεĸԼߵĸ֣һֱжȴʼջַ̫ˡ
һ֮˱仯
ٶô˵ˣ㻹ӣһȥһ֣ѩһһƾͽķɣֻεĸ߶е㲻ͬ
˾߷һɹǽڣԶԶѩӸ
Ů¿ܾã˵һ仰ǲͨˣ
ϻҪͨˣǻҽҪҪȥҪͿ㣿ûػصŮɵ˻ôˣȻ˵ķϻһ֪ٲͨˣҪ˵
ûƭǣΪûҪŮ¿㻺˵


343 侲һ
Ȼûƭ㣬ǾͻȥɣҪӵµĲ顣ͷԷ仰һκĵѶԷҪʱ䡣
ȥһΪֻһ𣿡Ůĵ˵֮˾ͬ顣
ֻǣ㻹ûʲô仯صţҲǣǵӶˣǵȻֻһϵΪ㣬ӦûȥʱҪ˵飬Ȼúܹ¶
ȫĬⲢǾ仰˵е仰ԾͰӵ˿ˡ
ιǲǸСأ
˶ţôŪ
ΪǸķɵˣŭʱ򣬲ý㺰ɱʱûȥ赲󲿷ֵ˶ﰵףɹ
Ů£Ȼе⣬ΪĻԾǸǰȥ
ֻǣǺˣոɵĽһķɣǾ˵֮ĲжԶ
ɣСӣ˵ĽǿҵĻ棬Ľһѻϵħ
ϵħߣǿϮ
΢΢üҲµ£ħıͥԺӾпܱƻ
Ȼ˵ͥԺƻһ£ԼҲǰʱͥԺ໨ʱŪõģôƻԼͶɹ
ͬʱҲܲϲԼļҰȻ˵ҲļңҲһң
Ҫ侲һ£𣬽ŴҾͿһ⣬һʱȻ˶еһ⡣
ɫĺ֮ͻȻǰ֣ˣмĻȫס
һΣŮµѾһʵǰСӾԲͨˣʱ֪ʵȴˡ
֣֣
Ǿ֣ôܽԼߵĸһлܣһ˵档
˶ǰ棬һĻ֮ͥԺеʯ·ϣԼߵĸҲһ߱񣬱ĺ֮ס
ǾȵߴңһǶôĳԾ
ν侲һ£ǲеˣ˶ţǶóһۣҪǰ꣬Ȼͻܵù
ˣԼһ㣬Ҳһ㡣
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ŮڳĬڿŮ£Ȼߣ֮ˣҲҪŮµĻŮû뿪֮ǰô뿪ء
㣬û°ɣѩ𣬽ͻȻԺУһҲŮµףԭäŮҲŲʵԼЩ˸Ͳ˿ģֻҪäŮͿԽԼЩ˸ˡ
û£Щʲô£΢ЦɣҪһһէܳ
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ʲôһ򲻹𣿡ʼ򣬺ػصŮ˾Ůˣϲҵġ
˼ҴˣԺһᱻ˷ѩ洫ʹȽСĶ仹Ǻɵ
⻰ȻûŮˣԺѩӾͻӭ鷳˵Ǽٵġ
泤ǲˡֹеԼѩѵɡ˳ҪԺ󻹼ӡǧۡҪ͵ԼǽǶôĿֲ顣
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㵱ҽҵֱû˿ƣûеĻֱˣȥһ
Ů²֪ʲôĥĥģѵ˵Ϊ»ȥԼĵܵܣԼԼĵܵҲȲ
Լѧ飬жϳŮڵжϻǶˣֻôһ롣
ŮˣȻֱ˵ʲô谭ͻգһָоҲ֪Ϊʲôĸоо˿Ծĵܵܡ
ҲֻһԸ뷨ɣ
ֻǣʱǺ˵ϹèҲ˭ײӡ
ܲԶٱ㷹Ů֮ڿˣоԼҪ£µİ취оһ䷹
ԣ΢ЦŻشԶٱ㷹ܼ򵥣Ȼˣֻǡ
ÿ˸ʮҵĲϷã
ǵ۹ʵۣҲҪԵѵͣŮµȻӲܡ

㲻ҲУҲòթɣÿʮңǹõľƼҳһˡ
жڰ޳ܣ
ԣǾʹˣŮ΢΢һЦԴ˺ӡ
ѩϣʮһԡѩ˵ߣȴ׵شѩ
ţ֪ˣѩĻӦҲܼ򵥣Ҳȥԭ
ʮǾ˵Լߵĸֿϴӱָ
ȻԸ񣬰װʮҵ鵱ȻŹԺӵ·мҲ¡
գ
ýһ㣬Ǹϵıʧˣ˶һɺ֮Ľ֮ϡ
⵽ô£ֻ˵ħʯͷģô
ڳ˶Ϊȣȫǵ߸Ƕħʯ֪ûħʯձͷųħ
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㲻κˣ׵Ҳһ

һΣҪƻһһľȻһǶ侲һµĸоսڿϿշ
仰֮˶ˣԭ֮Խ˶סΪ˿ܻƻԺĻݡ
Ҳ̫Ǹ˰ɣ


344 ֵĳ
ȴѩ֮ʱŮµ»رʱǵŮһ³Ծ顣
ֻߣ΢΢һЦȻѩλá
Դˣ㵱Ȼ⣬ô˵ҲǿˣҲģﺰһѩݺˣ˳Щ豭
֪ˣѩ𣬺ܿ죬ͳڴǰ֪ô쵽ģֻһ̣ڷһȲ裬ʮ豭
ҲֻŮ˵ļҲŻ뱸ĹߣҪֻĻҲ豭
վеۣ¡ѩԸоҹռԼλãһͺŮ˷緶ҽ
ϲվţ鷳ˡҹص
ǵģվھУллС⡣Щ˻صжô⣬Ů¶񣬻ֱš
Ůڳʱ򣬾ԲǶĹء
㣬˵仰ߣҲˣԼŰ죬ȥ׼ѩ̷ϵĲ輸ϣȻʧˡ
ҹ˿ѩʧĵط˴
ˣǿˣҲʲôأ⣬ȻǶҪǳԻˡڽշʱ⣬վת
ҪΪΪ˴ҽҹҲҪôҽҲվ׼ȥ
ܿ죬Լ뷨Ǵġ
Ůվű𶯣洫ŴҾͿһ棬˵Ļ档
зɳһųžӣǱ˦ģյ÷ǳںһӳͥԺмԲȦС
ԲȦԺʯ·Ŧ
ţ߳ڲ輸ϵĲŲ豭Ҳ˦˳ȥ˦м䣬棬мûһβˮ
ŮҲǱȥɣﲻʺϡڿϷˡ
㹫ӣҺ֪˵ʲôˣҹûȥǿ淢
ʥ½ʿص
㹫ӣǻǲҪתȦˡŮȻźͨĴֲ·ŲⶼڸǵĹģҶ̾磬ҿ϶ǿƱӵܡҹĲ棬һ㡣
ʧˣȻǹ壬屳ܼ򵥣һȽǿƵļ壬缸ѾˣҵļͷβֻһˣһûС塣Ȼշ
ûƭңҹе㲻ţ˵ѩĻܽܣ˵ľԽˣͷβһûС壬ôĹ
Ҫ㣬Ҳܸ㲻Լɭģֲڹô޳ʣҲûзϡ
ҲΪϱǱʣʲôطһͬľΪɭĹдһȻϢ嶼ûеĶϢ
ƭ㣬ʲôô㰲㣬Һú÷вСܲ˵ϲİ˵ŮҲһ
㡭ðɣҹҲҲо뷨ûȥΪʲôѩôϲ˵Ļ
ʲʲôˣֻܵȴˡҹҲѧ㣬շ
ôˣ˻֮󣬾Сڳˡ
Ů½ܲʲôͼ򵥵˵ǧҪ˵УСӲҪǣ˵ġȲȴеСص

֮һأ
֪Ǹʲô˴һɻȻҹȥ
Ů£ǻˡ
Ŷ˰ȥǱߺȲɡҹصѾ֪Ǵ飬Ϊʵ˵ûзֱ
ʵϣȷˣЩ˴Ѿþûпҽ񣬲֪ѩѾңһֱס
Ů£ǵı
ǹȥ͹ȥЩѾ֪ˣڲҪҷҹ΢ŭͻȻԼҲѧ˵ˡ
ǣæӦŸɻһߺ˺Ȳȥ
ǰɣҶ˵ˣŮе֡
׷ʲô£

ԿʼˣһȺС˵ţȻûᣬȲ챾Ӧ

ʱһȥҹ˻ȥŸԵ飬˾˵˵Ȼ͵͵ˣм˵
ˣˣҰﶫóȥףأ㣬Ūȥˣѩӿдԣӡ
ϵԺСѩŻħ¯ӼӴ
ⶫ̫ΣգңܶˣЩæѩнӹ΢΢˵һ
ϲϲЩѩ΢ЦţȻͽȥö
ΪѩΣյ飬ֱӽ˦ϣȻѩȥЩȲ˱ͻȻֵĻһ
Ȼ滹һѩǾʮ˳Իһ̫ˣǳԲҲ㣬׼
һ˵Ů˵ĺôϹ߻ȫ
㿴ûʲôΣյģͳȥˣڷڳһΧУͺѩ˲ˣϲˣϵϣߣꡭ
æһ֮ڽˣڳһͷҲʳһͷһͷȻǸŮģǳ˵Ķ棬ԾŮ֮ͬ
֣ŮȻϵλãѩ棬ԴˣһҲ֣Ϊȫ⣬㰮
ôأġŮеƬɻʵ
ʱҲһ㣬ڴŴ𰸣ϲ˵ʱǾˣһʳȻȫġ
Žȥ˾ͳԣ߳ԣʵжͣҲǽͣǴĿˡ
ĳԷʣŮе˷ܵ˵òҲ̰֮ˡ
֪Է֮ʮ˺ܸɴѡȥһһ
ɺܼ򵥣ǺҶҪŮ·ֿԻĻǾ͸Ҫܼɡ
ȻǺˣ뻹Ƿˡ
ѩ⣬Ů¾úǾͳֵһһųϣ˳һʮ˳ͬСһ



345 ֮
ѩҪԣ
ѩҪһЩʱᵲĸɲҪռʳѩ״ЩʳҪܼɵģҲ׳Ƶļɿڡ
ļɿҲе⣬ţܳԵģҲٻճһ㣬ĽǣȫɿҲûǸҪΪֻǱѩɿڣʵҲҪġ
һԿʵһҽʦ
ͬʱһº֣ѩģող˵ܳԣȥвˡ
Ҳ򵥣ֻҪȥЩܳԵĲˣͻὫ䵲£Ȼв˸ҲֻҪΪв˶ѡ
Ϊ֪ٷְٲвˣһľͷʲô
ұˣȻѩΪԼвˣСʵǳŲôֻ࣬εķ
ŶӦһȻרĵͶ뵽սУԻս
ߣ֪ԣѩһߺߵһȴȻеС
ʱһȥ˳Ա֮ʣ¶ֻһ£ԶֻһֱڳԣѩİæԵٶҲ
ܳԡǴһʼ뷨
Ҳ̫ܳˡԺ뷨
⻹ܳôණ𣿡
ȥˣ

˶û뷨ֻܴĿ㣬ŮҲһ㷢Ѿڶο㷢
ûо飬һ˷ǴûеģǾԲܵġ
ȻַַյķҲˣǷ
ʱ쵽ˣѶȫˣͻȻ˵Ȼʣʳӵ㿪ˮҲСһ㣬ʼһƷš
ߣѩͽˣҲ˵ķӦʧڴҵߡ
ʲôˣԲԵһ㶫ûй飬˭֪㷢飬ҲûʹӲ¡
ʲôأ
ҩҩ£ѩ۾ҩʱˣʱҪ׼ȷҲȻ۾вõӰ졣
Ҳ˵һΣֻΪѩһѩú⡣
ѩϣһѾ׼õĹߣϾѾ׼õĹߡ
ģϸСģͬʱҲǺΪѩõȻΪϴȥ۾λҩΪá
һеĶôᣬѩ㿴ҲܸܵõÿΪҩҩʱ򣬶оһִδйܰж
Щʱ̣ϣһΣԽʱͣ£Զš
ֻȴ֪ǲܵģʱȥһջᵽͷһΡ
һ̣ͻȻһܾ˵뷨ԼҲһ뷨ȻϣԼ۾β
ҲԼ۾õĻԼĹϵԶȥһ˵ĻʱԼ֣Ȼټʱǳˣ
Ҫ»Ľ
ǰ뷨ΪսһȻ뷨ûȴһЩ뷨
ʲô뷨˼Ůӵ£֪
ΪѩҩʱһеΪñŮ¿һηˡ
ҪᣬΪᣬĶôרҵӦһҽʦҲ֤㡣
ˣ۾Ҫ̫죬۾ܻһʱӦ֮ѩҲΪĹ߱Ƚİһ㣬̼۾
ѩĻ֮۾
۾
һɫľգ󺣣㯣˳
۾ӦģţûԲӵе۾
һ̣ҹЩͷѩ˫۾ͬʱҲо˫۾ܾǡ
ü𣿡㿴ѩ۾ʵ
ʧѩϳһʧ֮⡣
ѵ˵βɹȥҷˡ㿴ʧΪεѾʧܣֻȥ¸
ҷʲôѩɻ
˵֮ѪκεˣðɱųԡС裬ʲô
ʱСͻȻһܽӴ
ߣǻΪѩҪɱˣССԴܲ˵˵
ˣǵߣǵҷŵѪˡĻСǲ˵Ŀһ£ѩҹһ
㻹ʲô
ͬʱҹǾȵĿС裬ɲ˵Ҳס
㣬ˣҿüˣȻģһ㣬ҿˡѩץ˵
ԭҲʧʼȹʱͺáҼһ¡㰲οžͿʼΪѩһС
㲻֪ѩһʧʵΪԼ۾ˣԺҲûнˣҲãٿԿᣬǷ
ʱҹ͸ҿ϶һ£һҽʦΪѩ۾ֻһ£ȥæĵܵܡ
Ȼҿ϶ҽжȴһԤУԾԼĵܵܡ
ǵѩļ֮ҹˣ㹫ӣܲܰæҵܵܡ
ֱӵҪҲֱӲǶθڡ
Ҳϲƭ㣬ҵҽѧ˼£ĵܵҲһκãǺܵ͵ġʵʵ˵
Եģǵ۾ԻŮϣһκҵĵܵܣҲеĻǾû˿κáҹ˵
ǣ˭ѩɻΪһ˲˵۾ֻû뵽
ˮһʥޣӵһ۾Ŵɫʯһҹѩһֺ˵
ӣҪӣѩ˵Ĺ뷿
㣬쵰ҵ۾ôˡܿѩе
۾Ȼò񻰣ȴһ⣬壬һⲻ۾Ϊ˫۾ûͫ˫۾֮ɫ
νûκһɫ۰ײҲûС
û취ǸʱţҪ˵۾ֻһ˫õġ۾þͿˣ⣬Ҫֻǹܡ㲻˵ңҾ۾
ߣѩĻشҲֻǽнжѣӦҲܺãҲϲԣϲϲʲô£
ֻи⡪
㣬˵ˮʥޣòǡ
ûԺҲȥˮĵˣѾˡ



346 Ͼҩ
۾Ѿˡ㿴ѩ࣬˵
ţѩɵصͷӦ
˵ʰǻʥ½ȥʥ֮ǮѧУǾ֣
֣һûѧ似ѧȫ֮ҾͰһķɡѩͬ̾ͻص
Ⱳӻǲֵܳģҡҡͷε
ѩǺܸɴ˵Ǿ±˵

ιܲܰҵ£Ҫÿζӵһ߿˵Ů̲סˣ˾е
ףôڰ㲻ǻȥ𣿡ͬʱŮ£˵ͬĻǽˡ

ŮҡҡͷȻ˵㻹ûлشң㵽ȥȥҵܵβ
Ҳҽʦܸɴؾܾ˵һ˲Ļôһҽʦͻһ鷳ϴҲ
ʲô鷳ѩе㲻˵ʵ˵鷳
鷳Ҫܡ˵еĸо
ߣҾ֪鷳ԲҪ˵֣Ҹ㣬붼Ҫ룬Լ˵Ҫ̻似˵ʱѧһѧɣԲ뿪㡣ѩС죬дҲˣҲ
ûʱûеĶĥѩԲ˵һ˵ǺãһŬһԻ㡣
Ҳܼ򵥣һƴ似㣬һս
ڡ
ˣ
ںΣ־ҲҪԼԵ޹ʷĴѩУҪƣҲûʲôºˣŻΪ棬ûκֵ֧顣
˺ˣ֪ˣȻУҾͻ̵ףѵµһеġΣһʼһ֮󣬾Ͳ;ϣֻýʹһף
˼ǴΪһ𣿡仰ѩе㲻ˡ
Ҳɣԣ˵ûʲôֱϲĻͣԾͶԣһԵװɡ㲻˵
ߡѩһȴڰЦǴҲ˵ɶԵġ
ô˵ҪѩֵļƻʱǳˣֻܵԺ
ιǣʱŮºܲ˵ؽеһһΣʲôһûǰˣھңС
ֻǣŮ¿ʼƣҪҸǽǶŻȦȦ
㣬ո˵鷳һ˭Ȼʱ˵֣ѩ뵽ǰһʣ˵鷳
Ͼ붼û룬ֱӻص
ѩһ£Ȼ˵ǲǷܶ£ѵ˵ѾͷڵԽҪ˹壬ҲҪ
ҪҳĻûҲὫֻ¸ǲҪģĻС㣬ӡ΢΢һЦƽ˵š
ô֪ĻС㣬ҲҲ˵ѩ˵
΢΢ҡͷ˵֪ΪʲôΪҽʦĲΪ˭𣿾ΪС㣬ʧ֢ʱұŪ˵㰲ҩǮû뵽СͰңϵʱǸǮչˣҾʹӦˡ
Ǯ֪ǮǮԡѩֹ
ǮܱûǮãǸȡ衣˵
ιιעһваŮѾʧȥˣѾʼɣԼǲ͸ġ
ˣҩϾҩĶҵʱ˯ŵʱҲһ㡣ѩͻȻҩɻ˵
˯ţҲΪ㣬ͻȻʧ࣬ʱǲǳˣԼŬʲôá
ô죬ʧˣ˽ȥҩҲͳ˼죬ܿľͼᶨϢ
ûϾҩ֣꣬Ͼ֮ǵģô򵽵ģе㲻ʵ
ǰϾҩ꣬Ǵ½ҩ꣬ÿжķֵ꣬õľǰҩʥ֮ǣȻҲϾҩ꣬˹ģ˵֮ǵǼһ᲻ҲǷֵ꣬˹ĺܴ󡣡ѩ֪Ķһһ˵ͬʱҲ˵ԼĲ²⡣
Ĭˣȫ֪ôһ£֪ԼϾ˿ҩ꣬ھȻ½ǣ޷ܵģҩ꾹Ȼ˹ġ
Ҳѹ᲻֪Ͼҩ֮طʱɭ֮ûʹûȻʲôҩ꣬ǸʱϾҩĺѾȥѾ˵ϰߣ̸۵Ķ
ˣԴ˾ȫ˽ˡ
ôˣѩедһɻ
֮Ͼҩ꣬ǵһңϾʱѧҽʱģʱҩҽʦҾǰͽҩˡ˵ʱ򣬿ѩ۾еʣǸʱҾҲݿУоˣǶϾƣֱҩǻؼҽϾơ
ϾҸѩͻȻ˵
һʱ㲻ѩ⻰ʲô˼
ûʲôѩҡҡͷȻ˵Ǿ˵ϾҩԭϾģ˹ģ
Ͼҩ걾ϾģԸ˭Ҳ⣡ҩȴҵģ˹ҪڰҩϵĻҪ³΢üͷ޵ľ˼ռԼıˣһ˵һռġ
ҲⲻϾ˼Ȼû˵ʲôѩȴоеϾе
ϣ֪䷽ֻҺˣҪģ֪䷽Ҳʲôԭ˵˳ҲϲΪ˵䷽ûͬ⣬Ըκˡƽ˵
ˣ²Ҫ˵ˣǻȥһ˹ˡ㲻ʱһˡ
ŮܵܵĲҿԿһ£ܳɹɹǶҪһá


347 Ů˵ֱ
ƽĺϣڶĺϣһҺǺĴֻںţڶڣ˭ʶ⴬ϵı־
ı־
ǴĵصŮĴ۵ĵϷƫλãҪһʱܴﵽ⻹崬ֻٶȣͨģҪһʱ䡣
ڴļװϣһڴϵ㣬һŮվڴ棬˫ֻŷڴϣС°˫֮䡣
Ůһī˫쳣۾ھƬ֮޷
ŮǱˣҪǰȥӲѩ֮£ֿʼ㡣
ѩīҲΪ۾̫ˣ㻹û£˾ʧ˫֮С
ջˮ
Ϊ˷ֹѩˣóһ˫īɫˮƬѩǻ۾ں档
˾˺ܾúܾãһֱû˵صȴϹȻ⼸ʺССʱ˶ûȥ

㣬ᡣ֮ѩͻȻ˵
⻰Щ⣬ôͻȻ˵Ȼ˵һˣôƽ޹ðĻ
ѩǲǷˣһֻ֣ѩϣûаǲǺ紵ˣ㻹ǽȥϢɡ
Ƿأ˼Һ˵¡ѩе㲻ˣֻȴûȥַ֣ԼϣҲԼı֣Լôôء
ôͻȻ˵ĪĻջ֣Ϊ˷ֹһѩС֣Ѱ
ȻûѧҽΪʿٶһ㣬ڹ˵׾ҽľѧϷչġ
ֻǣʱòûʲôһ˵ڴҵܵѩ֡
ȻĽһС˰
һĻˣ˵
ȴ֪˵뷨㲻˵ѩҲΣҲԼķҲûа֡
֮ͻȻȥӵ¿ֻΪ㲻̫ȥϾиʱ¡ѩ˵ĺĽϾ
˵ʲôɵֻҪ˹ʱ׬ǮѾˣǾǶһʱ䣬ʱ˵ʱҲԶһ㡣ܲػص
㲻ҪƭˣܸоȻ˵Ҳû㲻ֹΪ㻹ΪϾ̫Ϊѣʱȥǡѩ˵
Ŷ
һӣʵ⣬ȻԵˣİ˶ᣬ˵ѪԼȴᣬֻԼ̫ˡѩ˵Ӵ֮ǾСͿʼָо
µ˽⵽һ档
ҲŮ˵ֱһֺܿµֱ
ϾԼˣŻһУϾᱳ㣬ɵģҪ飬иʱȥ룬ʹص½Ҳȥ˹ˡѩ˵˵뷨
Ҳ˵Ķԣֻһ֣˹һ㣬˵СҲãҲãҵĶãͿǲˬˣᡣβϾô˵һ˹嵹ùһЩʵϣЩôǻôϾԼˣǻΪ顣
ͲˬΪʲôأѩһ汦ӡ
Ϊˡһ£ͻȻ֣ԼˬԭԭΪˡ
Ͼ
ܳʵ˵ԭ򣬵ʼԿ˿ȲˬΪٳٲϾߣԭȻҲˣܾǿ˿ΪԼ棬ΪϾİȫǡ
ԼҪȡλѣϾѾͷܵʲôίԭ򻹲ΪģûʱȥϾ
ߣ㻹ϡѩĹĵ˵һ̣һҪºĳ嶯
ҲìܣԼ֪ԼҪ¸ױԵĸ顣
Ӧ˽
ѩԼҲ˽һ㣬֪Լ˽ʹ࣬ԸѡԼʹһ㡣
ûвϣֻǳΪԭĳɷһѡ΢ЦţССһѩСǣܵĶǵһ
ʱȴȻúȻѩҲһúȻûʲôرĸоҲûʲô
㣬Ժ᲻ҲԼ˿أѩȻʵ
޳ѧҵ似֮Ǹʱһ𰸡΢΢һЦͬȻػص
õģҾ˵ˣôһ죬һҪҡѩ΢Цš
ôһ졭
ȷ似ôѧ𣿶ҾѧˣҲϣҲһ죬Ҳϡ

˵һĻŮµ˵ҶĽı飬ǵǶôĿɶ񣬵֮ĸȴȻܰǺܶ˶Ҫġ
Ҳƽĸ飬ѵõһָ顣
ֻǣм仹˻ɣȻǻ˵ĸ飬ǻô
Ů£ΪСӿԾӵ𣿲ҪˣСһʼûˣ棬ǲҲˣǣһ˵ܶ˸͵ͷ
ϷŪǵ飬һʱ޷ȴ
ΪҲ֪ҲɶСӹؽΣúõĽѵһ£֪ϷŪŮĺŮµȻı뷨Ϊһͻǡ
ֻһصĸоԾȵܵܣҽѾˣǾȨҽһ°ɡ
Ů˵ĸоǺģҲܾ˵һѧ߰ŪһϻȻ˵
ţţܶ˱ʾԴͬУŮ˵ֱʱֲ̫ˣ׼ȷ˼ĵزȻûκεĸݡ
ȻҲдʱ򣬲Ҳд׵ʱ򣬵ʱ򣬾Ů˵ģҽѾˣҲһϣ
ϣҪûϣã


348 
۵мƽԭһĳУǶǣгвͬķ
ȻǣǾһҪʩǾ
һУվһȺˣŮȿȣûввŮ֣ûְ̫λ
ЩڶһǾеĴ󴲣Ȼûʲôÿģֲûмڴϵһǲ˵꣬ڴߵһ깫ӡ
ţûȻǷˣҪٷ磬Ȼôô˿㿴ŮĶЩС㣬Ѿͷ߹ĸˡ
еģеֱˡ
깫ӺüڿʲôҶŵĿȴ֪ʵöһЩǵģ߰顣
һС㣬㹫ӣôҵܵô
ȿȣûνķ깫Ӿ㣬ոշСҹŮ¡
ѾͷŮ߹ĸˣһŮҲŮĹùá
ЩеģӰɣûȤ֪ûȤʶ
һΣҪ㣬ǱתеһˣȻҪӣﻹе˵㡣
е˭ϻ˹˭
һʼǿģ˵ΣǸˣӵĲһֱĲ
˵ʱͿʼü˵ֻҪκӵĲʲôԴӦ㡣
û취ֻҪֵ̫ҪӦҲ˵ֵҲԣֻҪһ̶ȡ
򵥵˵Ѿթ׼
ֻ㻹ûü˵ͱһ˸ˡ
㣬ֻҪκҵܵܣҿȢңŮˣڳ˶һȻҲڣϵѩڴҶ£ֱһ¡
ҹ֮˵㣬УΪ˵ģ˵ȢŮ
мһͳʱ⣬ʱͷһߣֻҪ֪Ȣҹ뵽Ƹ
Ůµ˼Ҳܼ򵥣ԼĲƸ㣬ϣԾĵܵܡ
ͬ𣿺Ȼǲͬġ
Ů˵ʲôô˵ĻκܵܣҲίԼҲκãôһʲô竹ӡ˵ҹн
ʵ˵ĻҲڳ󲿷˵뷨˶ԾȵӣҪûа취ҪŮ֣Ǹῼ
˵ģһʲôֻ竵ĹӣȻһֻû뵽ԼԼҪʮˡ
ǸʱѩѾϻĹô˵ҲǼѩôʧͬҲԼʧˡ
ǣͰóΪС㣬ȻֻƽʱȻᴩȥ
ˣкüǱ׼ģһֱ鷳£ûдϣڱӡ
鷳Ȼ鷳Ҫ˵İæŮӵѩĻæϣģͬҲҪѩæ
Чû˵оԼѩţһվͰֵĿⶼסˡ
ǹɧģˣǹ磬ףҲԡ
ô˵ֻͷʰٷְ٣Ϊ˵Ľ㡣
ˣѩͷŮ»Щͬе֮ǰʱǸ޷ݣǸ𾪰𺳼Ͼȵı飬оԼԺǲǶӦţоð
ߣҪˣ
ʱѩҲŴҵעĿ񣬵Ҳʱע㣬ССһ¡
ֵѩˣԭΪֻڲУ˽⣬Ӧϲʧʿ
ǸʱѾ׼׼㲻ҪʧĶǽȴ֮⡣
һ·ȥ󣬼󳼣ĳԱֵĺܸ߹ٲȻһĹӣ˵һӣһǴ
ѩԾҲŮµ˵һ°ͣǿһ·ͬйģ֪Ŀɶ񣬿ȴһʱԽܡ
߹߹֪һЩ֮˶Ϊֻ֪Ժֵ竹Уҽܵ˵һɡ
ˣôӦȢŮ̷ԡ
˵Ļһʵ֣ǲùң֪е󣬵ֻҪκõܵܣʲôԸ⡣ҹǼᶨŮ˰׻˵ĵŮ˾Ǿͷţ
ҹȻģǾԲʳԡ
ֻǡ
Ը⣬ҲԸ⣬ĴĻҲСӡϿڵҲٱ߹ֻΪѾҪˡ
ʱڳ˶Ĭˡ
⻰ʲô˼ѵҵŮ䲻𣿡˵Ļ˾ô֣ҪԵ飬˼Ҹܾʱ򣬾ͻòˬᷴΪʲôܾ
ȻҲΪٳ£ֻǴĲˬ
ҵû˭䲻˭ֻϲϲ²ȥҶ鷢Ͻ˼Ҫܼ򵥣һǸ׼𣬶ʲô飬ǶԳҪ˵ԣȻĻֻиǣҸ
ȣʲôǶᷴԣֻҪκӡ룬ص棬Ҫ٣ֻҪ˵óҾͿԸ㡣
ֻҪ˵óͿԸ𣿡㿴Ź൱Ĺ
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ֻ߹ˣӦͬʱãٶǮҲûܱԼӵĲҪ
ţ˵Ļδʳԡ
Ҫ뷨Ӵ֪ԻЦ߹ƨС޳ܱȵġ
ͬʱǻ˵һ䣺ɣϣܸʳԹ
ЦˣЦʹһȻ
Ҿ˵ˣĹ⣡



349 ٺ
δ̫˰ɣסҪɱ˵ĳ嶯ƤⲻЦ˵
⣬һҵû˹͵ھͽأⶫܸ˵
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˵ˣһҵĻۣǿڵĻ汲ѪΪҲӦðⶫˡ
ԣڸĻǰܼҡ
㣬쵰Ͳһ˵Ů˵޸ˣ㻹̰ᡣŲҰ뿪ҹ̲סˣһʼˣŪոҪҲ̲סˡ
Դ˺⣬һ±Ȼ˵ţ˵Ļδʳԣ
⻰ǸոչǾ仰
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ҪǮҿԸ㣬ֻ˽˵ģǹҵģҵĳģҲ㵱˽˵ıꡣɫؽ͡
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һ仰֪ˣҲͻȻԼֱϽкĵʾ

ѩߺС˵һɣˣ˼Ҹأֲǲ֪ǲܵģ
ͬСػص˼Ҹ˵Ĵ󻰣Ҿ֪˵󻰵Ľ˵ˣҲһ񾭣űİѹңǲ׬𡣡
ѩҡҡͷ㻹ʲô룬ҪĻͺİˡ
ģͱĹҲһп˰ĹҵļҲҪһ㡣Ȼһˮһˣ̫ˡ̾
㻹۸ˣ
Ǹǽѵնడ


ιֿʼ˵Ļˣǵעһ³Ϻòãҹеû˵òѾϰһͱúΣǵƢҲʱʧˡ
ѩ˵˼󣬲ŶԹ˵ˣһ֮ҪⱿŮ̫ˣǻȥֻòҪǵĹ⡣
˭ǱŮˣѩС΢΢һ̣ȴܸ˵Ϊ˵ǱʾΪԼı
ڳҲΪȻΪŮѵĻҪʶĻͻ۾СӻȰı⣿
ιι̫ǲǴģ
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ʱһΰˡ
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Ϊʲô˵ɺܼ򵥣˵ĶҹѪɺǶĹֶǼֵǵĶ˶Ҫģʥ۹ļӰмҡ
ȻҪǾͱʾϡ٣ǱûеģȻҲҶҪõ
Ҫ˵һٿţһٸʮţʮóֱҪ˼ҹ⻹Ҫǿ
ⶫ𣿡һɻʵ
ϻһһҹһѪɺͲˣǵȥô㡣ҹͷϵĺǷǳԡ
ŶҾͲ֪ˣõõˣֻˡжپ͸ٰɣһ֣ȻβҲһ֡Ļвζ˲ȥŪ
˵ʵĲ˽⣬ЩװƷݳƷЩǲȤֻ֪ЩǮ
һʼˣǲǸβǵĽͳһΪԡ
ЩȻÿƷȲҪˣҲܻḶۡ
ˣȻǵĿԡ
㣬ո˵ˣѩЩʱַһĻ
ˣԼ׬Ķˣѩܺ档
ǰЩҪҲûãްƶǵˣǰҰħʯҪʾʾ˳ҲлȥɡشڶǮԽԽ٣ֻΪҲԽԽ
ѾǼҲˣЩȻˣΪϰߣвϲǷʲô㻹ǻҪ˼ұ꣬ͬҲ˼ұꡣ
ı׼Ҫ¶ҪдۣԼԱ˶һֱǣһҪۣһػǮ
Ƕˣѩһ汦ӣߵŮӶôҲ֪Ŀ
룬صˣްƶĽǧѰС꣬٣Ǹŷƶеٺɵķ濤һ˰ɡҲҪǰޱаæĻͼһͬʱ仰Ҳ˵ֱӣûæǾͲ
ֻҲǺܶ࣬һֱԺϣܴ󡣡ѩСֹ
˵ʲôʲô㲻
ûʲôأûи׼ѩҡͷڴؿ㡣
㵱ȻˣܸɴĻششѩܿģֻǡ
з˵м仹ҪİæӦõġ
ߣ

ˣ㹫ӣֻҪκӣ⣡
Ǿ˵ˣҪ׼һ£쿪ʼƣ



350 һ
㣬ҪʲôǲڿЦΪ֣ʵǿŮ£ϵһŵɻ
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ǰ˵Ļͷʰٷְٵ飬ȷġ
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˵òƣһκȾƵʱѩˣǸʱòƲͷһЩ飬أûбƹơ
ֻ΢е鷢籧һ𣬱硭
ʱ£ʱˣ㱻ѩѹ£ѩΪˣ֧Ųס㵹ȥ
ǸʱܲɵģҲӦ˵ɣ촽ӡ˫ϡ
֮òѩ벻£ԽԽ㣬ֻȴûʲôоҽԺ󣬶˵ֻһ¼

һ죬ѩ˴ǣ˺ܶණ󲿷Ƕز񱴿Ʒ֮ģ׼ȥްŮ
мҲΪѩ˼·Ǿж··ȻǱȽϳ˵ģ˵ϳ˵ġ
˳㣬ҲΪԼһףʮŮװ˼׼ްŮҲÿһףǾͻģҪԼֺ죬ˣʲôֺ죬Ҹո˵ʲôʲôû˵ֻǵҪ
֮ԻɹһҪԭڳ궫궫ʱ򣬶ϰ˵Ǿ仰ͻס
ϰ壬͵õ꣬ҵֽ㣬˵Ůҹ
ÿ˵仰ʱ򣬾ͻóһССƣŮ¸˵һЩ˼˵ѣȻȥ
Ȼ㵱ȻĴɹ


351 ʯϵ
׼ף𣬲ҸҼܺôףҪˣ
ڶϣͺŮ˵仰һ⣬ȫסˣǾʲô˼
ʲô˼Ůʵ
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ҪˣȻÿˮֲҪ˸죬ֻҩģ˷ŽҩţȵҩЧá
ϧûȪȪĻЧܻá
ƷŸλٶ˽⣬νҩԡ
ֻҩԡǴûйģҲ˴ҵĻɣѩҲеɻ󣬲㲻ЦҲͰķԸ
Уһ׼úüͰˮ׼ԡͰҪáѩ˵Ҫ
ȥôˮ¶ȣŮ˵Ǻܼ򵥵ѣǻкְܶ취㶨
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ӻ𣬴ȥտˮѩһ˵ţһ߽ҩİѭŽȥЩҪһ¶ȲܷţѩһֱڱϿŻ𣬵󣬾ͷŽȥһ֡
ֱˮ֮ѩڷеҩ֮󣬾ͶſӲ˵û󣬴ʮ֮󣬾͸ССʱ㱣ʲô򡣡
ѩһеʱʱѾȥ˰СʱˣʱѾ㶨ӣʯϣӷС
ף֣ô˺ˮ۾
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İ취ˣҵҲȥˣʧأûһγɹġ
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룬ɲģĿɲУǴ뽫ӵ²ƤϵѪҺЩ붼ǲСС廨룬ֶԲ˵Ůһĸ롣
ΪԵñȽϿֲˣŮ̲סתͷᣬŮ̲ס쭡
˵һ飬ʲôǶһ߿ţ̽ӣȻҾԲḺ෴ҵǿˡ㲻ͷ˵е䵭ͬʱȴ͸˲ҷֻŵơ
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ڻҪʮӲܽУʱһģѩȻ῿ļϣشš


352 
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ֱŮֹ֮ǲ֪ԭСǴī˯Ǿе
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⿴֮רҵĻ𹤣ĹԱǵȻŮڰʱ򣬾ͰרҵԱ˭ʱŪŪϾҪʲô˲ŶС
һᡭ
ٽһ㡣㿴ҩ˵
𹤶ҪȻӦ𡭡
ٽ

κ㿪ʼȥˮ£ƺһ¶ȡ

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Ҫţֺ֣֣ܲ˵һţѵõĲǸٻÿ춼ֵĻš΢ЦУǻܳĸо
һ߹Ĺӣֻһ΢С𹤣е΢Цôܳ
ţҪÿ֣Բȡ֡ǻصҲûзɿ𣬿ºܸ𣬲ҲΪӰ쵽
֣֮ҲǧţΪǵһӵˣ΢Ц˵
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ǣŮɻѩǾͱʾԲˣŪġ
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ǾǾԲĵڶƣ򲻵ѡ
ǰϵ·ǹ⣬Ȼӽҩ
㽫һӵȻͳȥˣЩˣǺܽԭҽʦù붼ӵá
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353 ص
ʱ䣬һȥӽҩѾʮңֻʣһԴ¶档
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Щìܣе㶯ҡһעӵ㣬ı飬ǵһοϳ֡
ǰǵĸоǵɵģʲôĹӸ磬Ȼʮ㣬δǸˡ
һ棬ǵ뷨еıˣҲûȥֹһԭ
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ҪʵˮȻǷڵģ˿ܵģҲֻһᣬʱˣһܡ
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ȻҲ飬ƽ޹ȥĥˣڵ⣬ַ޷κá
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֪ˣѩӦǹɵ뿪վԶ
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𣡡оˣһνŵһԡͰֳָܿոյ
峺ˮһαī֭һߵˮҲ׼ˡ
ĳΣԡͰжǺˮˮҪԱǰɫǳ˺ܶࡣ
ͬʱҲ֣ӵɫˣ֮ǰˡ
׼˲ٰȻǾ͸ɴ೹һ㡣ʱͲͣˣŮ׼ôԡͰͼȥҲĴΡ
ΪʵΪһʶӶĸԼԼˮƽҲҪڿжĲҪ̫ʱˮƽ
˵ټҲֽΪ򵥵˵ҲûжҪΪ
ֻڴɼ죬ҲҪѹⲻΪõ뿪ΪŮٵһ㣬ü˵ܲһ飡
Ҳֻһʱķ֣ҲֻܲŮ˵ָ飬ҲҲ
ô˵ڻǼˣڻԡͰ֮ӵɫҲָ֮ǰڲϵɫҪܶࡣ
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Ҳܹ˵ķӦѩ뿪òƸһֲԸĸо


354 ͻ
㹫ȵȣǻûилĴԶٱ㷹Ǿ֮꣡˵
ˮУɫõʱ򣬾ˣһжƣȻֶһ㣬Ҳ˸еëΪκӣҪľ
Ȼ֪㲻ˣ֪Ϊƣ̬Ⱦȫˣ̬ٶҲãǶһЦԡ
ˣҲǼǵ顣ڰ֣ѩȥ
㣿ѩЩ⣬ŮҲͬһʱ㲻ƺһ㡣
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ЩԵóһ˼ҹҵڲ¼Լ޹أ㲻̫࣬һСľͻᱻϽ֮С
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˹ݺݵ˵Ļ֮󣬾Ϳո̾ǶôļƻѪôֻû뵽ȻܰӸκãǰɣһܲ˼ˡ
㲻ҪǰС⣬ǼǵĻ⣬ùˡ΢ЦȻòеȴ˿ûаǰϣȫһԹߵĴݡ
˶ݵ̬ȣΪ֮һ㶡


355 ĵļᶨ
Ĵ˹Ǻ棺Ͳɱ𣿡
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ȣһˣֺ޹ϵڶӵв˼ݣԼͰװһˡ
ɢʣԺܸߡ
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ҪʲôݣֻŻŻѡ

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˹һ֪ϲ˵ϲԼˣԣһе㡣
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ΪʲôҪոյ⡣
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û˵ģ˹Ϊ˽ӴˣѧһЩթֶΣʱԽãԽ˽ѾǹʶǸ
Ҳ»һ£㱧ѩ



356 
˹ĶԻڽУԻӰ쵽棬Ӱ쵽Ժ
мȴˣѩ
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ţ˵ֻǣЩͳҲĻǾͻ⣬ܴ⡣λֻڲ¼˽ıǺء
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㱰ɣŮɫһ䣬ȫŭš

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֪ûоֱӵػصǲǣϢһ£ո̫
šѩӦһ󣬾Ҳû˵ˣĻ

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СݾԲܱ˸ףֻܵɷſԣһڽ֮СݻᱻɷС
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ݾ˳ȥڿлһĻߡ
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һֻץסĻߡ
ðǻԶأ̶ȵİپ۾һץסһصԺС


357 һ

ֳһμž˶ǸץŮݵֵֻֻ֣ˡ
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Сɲɵģ÷Ǳߣһѩı˳һץͽȫĿСץ
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ʲôûÿñʲôġ㿴˿еСݣźܲؽ䶪һߡ

ξһϢһĸо˶ǱⶪڵϵСݡ
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˹㲻֪˵ʲô
УУ쵰һʼ۸ңϷŪңһֱڻҾô۸Ļ쵰ҲŹġŮ˵ԼίԽ˵Խί
ˣΪŮʲô飬Լ֪⣬ġ
ˣŮ˿޿ġǰҳϣˣ㣬Ҳ۸ɣҺûɣһܵϵĶӦøлҲŶԡεкȽġ
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仰ôͻȻһ£ԼЩ˵ڶûпʹ㣬ʲô״ʲôԭġ
ЩǺƽҶʵ⣬ȴ֣е˶ûȥʡ
ԭΪһʼҶУҲûȥʲôˣûʵĻᣬҪ뿪ֻ뵽ָˡ

ûͲ˵ҽʦģôΣŮҧŲţԹ֮˾еð
һ㣬Ҳҽʦһ͸ˣֻǮ֣Ͳҵ¡˵ҵǵˣ˵⣬ҪġֱӶŮ˵֪ȥŮǲиġ
Ȼ㻹֪Լոʲô£֪Լ˲Ķһ˲顣
쵰Ժ̬ȣŮ˵κĻѵ㣬ҵıҪҵҸ𣬲ȻҾҪɱ㡣
£ͰɣҲһ㡣˹ΪոץĶҹĳݣ㲻ץˣӵ£һѡֻɱ㣬һѩ衣
е㲻ؿŵϵСݣܲ˵һСݣô𣿡
㻹˽ⳤݵ壬㲻ףŮжôҪ˹˵Ϳʼ˵ݵ塣
ѩǲǸˣòе鷳ˡ֮󣬾ֱӶѩ˵
˶ˣû뵽ĵһӦֱˣκνͶֻһСС˵ҲûС
Ϊ֪ûʲô˵ģֱ˲õĽ취ԽǾԽ鷳
õġѩӦЦزһ仰ǵһŮˣǿӰɣЩͲҪˡ
ҪģҲӱҾλ췴Ĵвõͼǰҵһ޹صˡػص
ûܴȻҹ޷޸ҵĶӣ˵׵Ϊ˶ʲôҲóٸ߹ҲһҶҪ˹ЦϷɱ⡣
Դˣȴû⣬ֻǼѩ˵һ仰ѩеһ죬һΰˡ
仰ǡ
ѩһ£ǵҪһҵĿˮ˵Ƿǳֱ˵
Ҫʱˣ㻹ҪռұˣѩСԴĻУٿ㣬ҿˡ
ʱһֺССֻǿ˵һ仰ô࣬Ҳ
仰ʲô˼˶಻УǱʾ٣ֻ˵ʱ򣬿ռˣ
ɫŮˣȥˣռˣ˵¡ʱһ˵Ϊ˱ʾԼжǵġ
ˣ֪ģǻȥ˵𣿡ѩ΢㻳
㻹ǡ㻹Ҫ˵ʲôʱ򣬾ͱ˴ˡ
ιǵǺܶʱǣŻȥȣȻҲǷֿǾһ·ɡ˹
Ҳ·뿪ֻⱿɫɫŮ춼Щ£һҲ֪ڰ¡ҡͷε˵
㻹˵ѩ΢ŭš
ҧеؿһʹͳʹؽе
ɱǣ˹Լ˵ʲôᱻӣеҪ֤ԼϴԼ˵㡣
˹һ֮£ϲԶ췴ʿͿʼνһͳ˶ȥ
ܿ죬ӽӵŵˣԽԽ
ʮ֡
ʮ֡
ʮ
ҪŮеȻ޲ɱ㣬ȴĺìܡ
ʱĽֻ֣ҵ߰ģʲôУпϷģеĵģڴġ
һ̣Щ߰鶼ͳһ顪
ȣ
˶ˣһΧǾǺԺͶ
˳ԾǣӦмʧˣȥѰʱ򣬲ſ
һֱѩվԺӵм䣬˹ǰ棬һֻһѽͼ˹Ĳϡ
㣬ôܽⶾģ


358 ɱ
ⲻܣֶҩɽģܣҲڶʱҲûȥ⣬ôܣ
㣬˹Ѿеˣôҩ
ҩһ־ҲᱻԵҩֻǾ˵Ͼֿɲᱻлȥ飬ҪԵ֣ҲҪ䲻УȻ˼һоͽȫȥʹá
ЧΣֻܣ֪ǻܴļǮŸ㵽ġ
ЦһȻ˵ҩҩɽ⣿壬㱻ƭˣȵȡѩû׵ˣҪģ
ߡ޳ܵĻѩϰԵ߱ʾм
ҪҪ⣬һ£һʵһ߽ջأڵϣȻֽԼĻʲô
˭ҪǣֲŮѣ㻹кܶŮǱߵأߣѩС죬е㲻ˣҲеί˵š
ЩǣްĶѶѡˣʲôûʲô˵ġĻص
ͬһʱ䣬ӻҵҪĶһСƿӣҵƿ֮ߵϵʯԣ棬ؽѩڴϡ
ѩ˫֣СƿӴ򿪣һ֮ڿУ浹һСʣСҩ裬ⶾõġ
һ˵ֽⶾ裬Ӧ󲿷ֵĶҩȻĳ⣬жϣֶԼҩǿţǿǿˡ
ҩ裡㽫ҩŵѩ˵ѩԥؾͽҩȥʶûʲô
Ȼû˵ϴҶѾ³ʲôˣ㻳еѩҩЧΡ
㱧ѩһ֮󣬾ʱˣʵںõ˰ɣ
ţоָһ㡣ѩͷ
ѩԼոŵʯϣȷԶŵʱ򣬾˹ȥ
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㲻ػصҵĽҩ͵ģʱЧǺܺãܽġѩӦֻܻظһңָҪġ
ţ֪ˡѩصһҲߣССĴһҲô⡣
˵ôڵİȫ⣿ϻڣôῼûʱûпǹοڡ
ԭոǱûΪҪָ˹˵
ˣûֻΪҲǵļ£ֻˣ͡ڰ˵һ£Ҳǳҩû£һʼҾûжֻӶѡ
仰˶Ĭˡ
ûжСӻǹ쵰ģűҪǸոǵĻǲǻǱװ
췴ҵװж󣬴Ҿ͸߸ģĹҵȻ뿪ⶫڻشеһ㣬һϧ˵š
ϧϻ࣬ôʶǱ٣Ҫģ㾹ȻҪٵ뷨ˣѾͽ˵Ҳ⡣ǱĽһ˹ס
˹ǧ򲻸ãɱ⣬Ľɣ˭Ҷɱ⣬ͻĽͽ顣
ԭ򣬾ǽһΣĨɱҡУԲɳ
˱סʱͻȻһ飬һߵĹʹһЦιҰɱЩͽҪѣһɱõı꣬췴ĴǧҰɣСආһǧҾˡ
ȫĬ
ðɣҡҪ˵˹ҪʽУ䵳𶼾
ֻǣ˵𣿿϶ǲᣬΪѾҪɱǰ˹
ô˵ˣ췴Ĵ壬͹Թɣҵǰѽɱɡָָڵϵǰѽ
Сӣ㲻Ҫ̫ţɱ˹ŭĻ˭ܵ˲ˡ
ûнҿôʹħôӦҵЩ֡
֣ЦӦȥʥ½ô᲻ף似ħˮƽ̫ˣǱûñȡ㲻м˵Щνĸֻ֣нߣħʦϡеĶûС
УûнûħΣھʶʶʲôƷ΢΢һȻһ˹
ƷƷĻˡ
ˣѩ⣬ðһ뷨ΪǶһ̫ˣһϣǲǺࡣ
ҪǱĶ֪ǵ뷨ǾͻϷһĳЦһ᲻м˵Կ
ﻹҪԣһ˵˹ǰ棬ȻһƣֱһҪ
飡
һƵ΢Ĺͷ֮оǡ
ۣ

ѪҽУС
˱һƻɣԼٶȵ˹ٶҪǱײϵĻҲҪˡ
ãϵ˷Ӧ죬˹ڵ
飡
䣡
ײǽ֮󣬾ǺǽڸײȥĴɢѺۣǽںȻ


ﶼһȫǰʵû뵽һƾȻ˵
ûеǷӦֳˣһΣʽôˣǷǳĸ͡
ȭͷźХ֮˹ȥƣףһȭаٷְٻǷȭ˻㣬ոһƶôǿڵһȭ͸˵ˡ
ֻǣеȽ֣˵˼ʶƷôͻȻȭͷ
ȿȣոƲ˼ʶ𣬱ٿû˵ֻƷȭ
˹ߵĸ֣ϷӦҪȥסһȭȫ̫ˣиûüȥֹ
ܵȭͷֻˣŹ鵲ţȭͷȴǴѹ˹ĸһֱߣǼıһ
䣡
ۣ

ѪӰ
ȭᴩĸ˵壬˺ǰԵֱӺɱ


359 ҡ
ӹǰԺӣ˶ڷ𾪺εĳϣǵĿⶼһվм㡣
ǽڣǱһȭɱǽߵˣѪǡ
һеһУ˵һ£ǰԲǿǵģһСľͻᡪ

췴ĴǧСආĸǧǰϧˡȴЩ˵ı飬ǿ˿ǳΪˣд̾ϧ
֮ǰɱģΪһгŵӶ㲻֮ˣΪǸʱûǸʱҲģڡͻͷϡ
뿪ҵӶ𣿡ЩµСආ˵ƽȻΪǮɱˣЩҪԼǾͲҪˡ
ѾˣҲûˣͬģ뿪Ҳûʲô塣һ˻ش˵ĻȽ£˶ܿ⻰˼ȫ
ǵ췴ʧܣɱ˹뿪Ҳֻб׷ɱķݣֻȴķ䡣
ֻǴӷҲҪǵֻ⣬ӣǱҪСػ⻰еҡͷ̾ϢЩ췴Сආиˡ
лл²ɱ֮ҵԺЧұĲСආ¹л
ˣǱ˵飬СආһȺɱɱʲô¡
ﰵĻͻնݳһϾ飬Ҳȥ
ֻһ⣺Ұ˹ɣ˽һ£ǧңеѪɺҹ飬ɸ˴ȥ⣬Լúˡ
ھӦԽԽãԼȻͽȥˣǾȻֻԽԽǸʱͱȽ鷳
м仹һȽҪԭеŮĳ¼Լ鷳ǳǶûлָ֮ǰǮΪ
ҲǸо뷨ŮϾ˵ǲҪӣҾ㣬ε飬ҲˣҪ˵
ʲôӣʲô˵ģǲòãһӣǱԸߴңװɵ㶣Ů¼ȡԺԲߡ
㡭ˣң֪ˣ棬۸ңɶĻ쵰ŮѾˣѾۿдתʱĿܡ
㹫ӣͲ𣿡ŮίߣǶԴˣʵһ취ҲûС
û취ǼţҩЧԺǾͻָˡֱӵľܾùһǲףոСƿﲻӦֻһŲŶԣӦûнҩΪʲôܾأ
Ľҩֻһ𣿡Сĵ֤
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ȻˣǾǽҩʹָֻܻһҲġ˵ţΪΪԭŲģϧˣǴش
ǲ⣬ҽ⣬ҲǽҩʹǻǮҲ㣬һ˺ܶѪƳɵģҲҲҵҪǣҲϻָǻָˣôߡܲ˵Լԭǰɲ˵ǸʵùԶԡ
ǵģ˼ҲҪ˼ҵ˵
ѩûؿһۣȴϲֱӣʲôʲôȥôġ
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ߣ˭Ļ쵰и飬ҪҲǺޡŮ붼ͻص
ȻǻôʲôϰģǻģҪЩɹªϰƻһҸ㿴Ů£˵ԣոյ´Ҷû

֪˵źãѩСֹ
ʲôģȥ⣬Һڡǰ£ȻڹϷһ¡
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Ҫ˵ҿɲãӦõģģһְҵصӶԲһӶ𡣡΢Цţõһƣ֮ġ
ѩˣЩ˵ټɡ˦ƣȻҡڵ뿪
쵰ţһôˣŮŭš
ҵ㣬ָˣʥ½˰ɡŶˣˣǲ뿪ģΪŮصڿУͷûأŲҲûͣǰȥ
㡭۸ңŮѾˣ֪ˣûлץˡ
Ůǲ뿪ģĴͳⲢŮŮԶ뿪
УŮķҲһ뿪
ΪʲôǺͷͷ㱻Ůϵԭ㱻ŮϣѡǾһᱻڣ뿪
ͳ;ԲŮɲ뱻涨һط
ѩĻ֮󣬾˸񣬺Ǹ߹˵˼λֱӣУǧҪűǸʱͲҪǡ
⻰ôвζŮȻҲǺСһͬһˣΪ
뷨ͬʱڳ˵ԺУ
ǸλСŮȸˣڣѩ΢ЦţòĸȻת׷㣬֮С
ѩһȺˣ뿪Ƿ֮ء
Źȥһ·ϣٵŮ޹µ򵥼ǣһһ䡪
ʲô˶뿪޹ֹ©֮㣬Ҽ֪ͨˣ;׷͸ҵס
˵⻰ʱӹŪƣòƻöˣ˿֮󣬾ûлɡ
Ϊһ·Ϸ˲ٵᣬٵĶԳ֣ƣɹȥˣȴûκ
ǣѩƵ⣬˵Ǵҡȥö


360 ˯͵
УѩͥŲȥ·ϡ
š
㣬ոΪʲôͻȻҪңѩ̲סʳ⣬΢ôĺߡ
Ҫ㣬ҪңҵĿˮǴĽҺⶾͿʡһҩ衣ڻص
ԭҪҽⶾΪҡѩһᣬĻ
⻰˼ĿˮܽⶾԲԼġ
㣡
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ѩץֱۣȻӣһھҧ桭
ҧѩʲôʱϲҧ˵ģԵ޹ַʲôƢ
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Ҿϲ˭Ҫ˼ҺĿˮߣѩҧֱۣе㺬˵š
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ѩ˵˼Ҳǹģ´Сһ㡣
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ţѩǹϾСֱϵѪɾ
ףΪʲôҪ˿ڣֲС槼ѩͻȻԼܲʣֶʵ̫ˣСֺܲ
֨֨С˽ǾʹӸݶһ˫ɰ۾㣬Сһֱ㸽ˣţ˾ͻſļϻͷϢ
槼ԣһ¡ָָԼֱϵӡһѾûжѪˣȻСˣǾ˳һ¡
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֨СԸˣɵſϢʱСҲѾվļˡ
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Ļ֮ѩͻȻˣԼȫָˣ֣ôһӻָˣոо˺ܶ࣬ôͻȻ͡ѵ˵ѪԽⶾ𣿡
ǵģͷϣѪѾΪܽⶾʲôܽ⣬Ҳ֪ΪʲôҲǳԵĶҩ̫࣬˱졣
ǰѪǶҩκҪùѩոҧѪĻͻٷְж
ΪСŻû¡
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ܸ㣡ص
ߣʲô˵ģѩе㲻ˣȴϾ㲻Ը˵飬ǿ
㣬ոҪס죬Ϊ˽ⶾ𣿡ѩǺߵʵ
нһҪ
ϣ˵Ϊ˽ⶾбԭ򣬱ҪǣȻ̺ͽһʲôҪ
עϵõһʧĴ𰸡
ţȻΪ˽ⶾˣȻԵ޹ҪⷽȻǺܳٶۣȫŮӵ뷨֪ѧѧȥˡ
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ҡͷᣬˣҲᣬְֲǵǵˡִֻܸԼļˣֻŮˣˣٺ٣ֱ¿ˮԼⶾȥ
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ո˵ʲôѩֱӹ˵仰ʵ
㲻ûϵȥҵšص
׾ףѩһҲûעԼ⻰жôˣֻһ£ʣո˵ֻܸǾ˵ҵˡ
˵أ㷴ʵ
أ˵ѩץӣҡţòеζоѧСģÿС㣬ʱСͻƽһС
Ҳǣ˲һʹҵļˣҲһԡֲû׹죬һûʲô⡣룬ֻ벻ﻹģ⼸µѩ˼˵ĸо֪ѩзֵһ죬һαȶ
˵ʲôأǴֻ˲׵ġѩ
ԭǵãǲװռұˣʵ
ѩͷ˵ˣֻǾѺҼǵЩ¶ѡ
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ֻҲˣԭ˵Ĳ¡
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㲻ǵģǸʱûʶûôػص
ûʶѩ΢΢üʵͷֵĺߡ
ţûʶڳ˯У㻹ûĻشţûע⵽ߵѩͷѾ˺ߡ
쵰ҳ˯ʱ͵ңѩŭһͬʱһ㡣



361 һӵԹ
ͣͣ˵ˣҲ͵ǡ
һ˵ţһһתɵıܹѩĹͬʱֱץסʲô
ʲô˵ģΪʲôҪ˯ңֲǲǣҵʲôˣżҪʲôʲôҵ˼ѩŭ֮ϣǻֹͣ
ֱץţʹСȥҧֱ
ԭĻѾ˵ˣûͬ⣬û֪
ûͬ⣬Ҳܱܽǿǣ͵Ϯ֪±ǣˡ
˵ģⲻǰһżһ㡭
ҪĪ˭˯ʱ͵ģӾЩ𣿻У˯ʱ򣬾ôû֪𣬿Ҳ֪㿪ѩС죬ͬʱ˵
񡭡ѩͣס˶һ£͵ԼʵԼ󣬵ԼԼôûиоأ
ⲻܣѩֲֳٶ۵ŮˣַӦŮߡ
һ㣬ո뵽һ㣬ǰٷְٲЩ飬ΪǸʱϲ˯ҪԸ͵¡
ңÿϣѩ˯֮ȥ˯ģǾ͸ܷ飬˭֪һ˯ţ紦һ㰲κεĶ
˵ʲôʶ˵ʲô˯˯ʱʲôʱ򣿡ѩСһе㲻ˣеί֮Ǻܸӡ
ˣҵĴûѻ˵ָ˵ѩǰ˵ǵ㻻۵ʱΪҩ˯𣿡
ţҼǵãǸʱչҡѩ΢΢һ죬ͷ˫ְŪԼָ
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ѩʱѾͨ죬žٵСԴѾҪ˵˫֮У˫ŲĶ
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ŮʳĬУϸĻ
˵飬òȻҲҪҲװӣ˵⣬һϣףѣˣǲһ˵òˣһû޷ۡ
޷ۣǲ˵˵ô࣬㻹ǽ˵òŮ˵
ˣҲɣžͲһˣˣĴ˺ʲô˼ѵ˺ǲһģ
Ĺȷе㲻һ˻ദеˣ޾һӵĳŵѾ׵ˡ
ֻһˣȻϣԼԽԽãȻĻ˵Ը񣬶òҲͨŮͲܳΪˡ
С꣬òͨлĻһзչ
㲻ҲνֻҪһ㣬֮ںѩò޹ϵ㵭˵


370 С
ΪʲôŮ˶ٻеԣĺݵŮҲһοŮҲ֪㵽ںѩһ㡣
ֻǣں뷨ѩ򵽵ʲô
Ҳ˵ֱӵػص
Ůû뵽ôɴֱ࣬˵˵ڶûҡ
Ҳûа취˵
ѵ˵ΪǴˮµĳǣԲŻῪʼںҪǣԼҲǺһǲģΨһġ
ںѩȻ˵ںĳ̶ȲǺܸߣںжأ
ǵʱһòǷںǷϲǲ˵ں˵òŮЦ˵
ԣͻȻ˵
Ѿ𣿡ŮȻЦţе㲻м
ʲô˵ԣ̸۵Ļڲںѩ򣬶ڲںң㲻Ҫǰѻ˺òãһε˵
Ůˣ񲢲ǹҵԭԼҲзݡ
ˣ˵̸ʲô⣬ңްڰ˵
ں󹬺úôأҪҪȥǣŮ΢Ц
ŮˣԿԣҲһԣڻԵ磬оĻԡǱӵؿŮһۣҲҪרҵһ㣬ˮƽ̫ˡ
ңұң
Ůʶһۺջ𣬺ֱӹȥƣסˣΪףĻԼϳΪеʡ
ǵõλĺȴһŮӣħ㶷ᣬߣǲСǵ
ţпܣǾԻᣬԸ񣬰ٷְٻŮץסȻݺݳƤޣ򣬿ȿȣˣҪֲŰֻ̿ʶѡ
ιιҪ̿
ȻҪΪ˱ֵ͵֪ͨķȽϺãԲΪŰǱ̬ɵ顣
룬ܰŮջ˰ɡ
Ȼֻѣǲܷģһ˾ӣԣһ͡
ǲ̬飡
ƾʲô϶ѣŮʳǶ仰Ĳ뷨ǣֻ̽ĻǾͻ¶ڡ
㲻̽ǰٷְٿ϶
ոЦúܼ٣Ц˵ĻҲšصУͱʾڲȻҲ֪Ϊʲôԭ޹أҪǣ֪޷вҡ
ҳϣҸո˸ѣ˵޷ΣյʹˡŮʵЦʧˣһߡ
û˵ѣ΢΢ü֪ϻʲôƣ
ΪʲôֱܷҵĻ
׼ȷԼ٣ŮʺǺ£һֱǿŻαװһعԼϽλá
֮ǰһ˿׿Լܾ߲һ
һ̣Ůʲſʼе㣬ʼ㣬ǰȥѩ˵һֻһնһߡ
ڲͬˣͻȻиоĴڿܻӰ쵽ԼıԼһ
Ҳ֪ԼΪʲôĸоԸὫΪҪĶ󣬲붯֣ΪҪȥѩ
ˣͷѹסֱ³֮󡭡
΢ЦˣֻҪ־ܣҾͻһУ֪ʲôҾ͸ʲô
㵱ǰ׳ûиҴ֮ǰҲ㣬Ҳνƶ˵ֻһǱӵؿŮһۣȻ˵һ£ЦݺѿҪٶҷЦݡ
㡭ŮʵЦݽסˣɱĸһ㣬Ϊ˵ѿ
ֻǣȴûע⵽ĻЦݡ
ûްûзƶûĽǧѰȴһˣһΪĺģˣڿ˵һв㡣Ů˵ҪЦݣȴĻɫú䡣
˵ɣŮ˾Ƿ£ü

ŮˣŮˣһ˵˵£ŮģǵһҲһһ
ŮѾͷ
Ͼ㾪ȵ
ϾŮɻһ£Ȼ˵ǣŮѾͷѵֻһ𣿡
ҲûʲôŮѾͷֻʱһǡ˵ǲǼС죿еˣСôԼϡ
˱ȵǰĻҲǰ˰Լһ𣬵֪Լݺ󣬻мСҲؼҹǾӦûŶԡ
Ϊʲô
û㲢ûаǣҲǳŮЦ䲻УĴ̼޷¶΢Ц
ǣвңûЧڰֺܲ˵ѾҶ˹ϵҡҸ㲻Ϊʲôǣεʡ
˹ϵҰǣŮʿʼЦˣֿЦƺһЦЦһ㡣
ַ˰ɣҪҪҰ㿴һ㣬Ϊһ۹ŮʣӦ㲻ʺ쵼ˣӦðλ˸ˣҿλСֺܲڶ䣬Ц
ῴҪҷЦˣҾ㲻ҲᱻЦŮ񲻴˵Ц
ɣνĶ˹ϵǴģС㣬ô׷ȴһмˣ飬֪֪ͨͨԼͻæǴһƷħʯʱȥæŮʻ˵ı飬ҪϿһ˿
Ǿˣް˵Ѿ˳˫ô˵ûѾͷʲôɻ
дһӳ˫ԣһе̸ۼ޵ĵزֻ֣ǸʹõҥԣҪﵽڿЧС쿪ʼԴȻǲмһˣ鷢չóһǾ˵ľٶŮʼ˵š
ҲͬŮʣǺ桭


371 ·
ܺɣŮ˵Ǹʱ򣬼СͻȻϲλӣֻҥԣȻôҾþȣֻôһ⡣
˾ȣ˵𾪵ǣʱС쵱źܶ˵棬Լĳϣ˵ڴҪչźһˣû˵֮ͬ£ǲᰮκˡ
Ů˵ʱͣһ£Ų˵˾㡪㣡
Ĭˣüͷ΢΢
벻ɣҪ˵ľͷ벻Ҳһ벻˭֪ǲź򣬲ŮȴɵɵΪ㣬İ顣
ŮʶԴ˺е㲻мͬʱҲе㲻ףҸ㲻ΪʲôΪֻദµðүԼİ飬Ҫøϳ־
ȥԼɣô֪Ҳֻ˦Щӡ㵭Դ˲Ǻ⡣
ȻǿľͷôҲܵŮӵģûֱ˵Լĸ飬Զ֪ŮҪֵģǻô˵ҲһӶ˿ڣǾȥŮЩ˵Ϊǲֵ
ѩϲϵ̫ٶˣԸҲԲףھãҲǶĳͷ
ʱŮʵͻȻҪѩĳͷõĳͷѩľͷ
Ҫװ˽ˣЩ鲢ô򵥣ֺ֣ܶŮ֮Բֹһְ飬飬飡ֱ˵
оģðܶ࣬˵ģŮ֮䲻һǰ飬ЩŮ֮ȫֵ֮ֿ顣
Щ㿴ʵ̫̫ࡣ
ΪŮ֮ĸ飬ȻΪ飬飬飬ٶۣ񾭴ǺѸо
ǰ춼ڽлţСȫǽŮŮӴִ顣
ϣֺûбҪŮҲʶͬͬѧͬѧָ֮飬Ų˵Ҷ֪
Ҳ˵ûнӴⶫҪ˵Կ˺ܶమ£ûõģ˰¾Ͷð
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ҲһˣܸоһЩԣĸ顣
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̫̫ٶˣŮ㣬ʱŷ̸֣Щʵǰ׷ѿࡣ
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ŮˣҲҪʲôòѼС콻ȻŮʵۣǸɡֱӻص
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ŶҪ΢΢һЦǴݵ˵۾ȴɫؿеһЩط
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ҪΪЩŮ˺;ǱҶ㡣ŮʱͻȻ˵һĪĻǲ⡣
㻹֪ߵŮˣһݣǿҪÿһ˵ܴҪǺѵĻǾǵ۹ĻʵۣҲеͷʹ
Ҳ֮ǰ˺ǵԭ
ǿˣ
Ҳ֪Щ⡣
ĽǧѰƶ濤˶źļͥһ֮һļͥһѾˣοǵʵҲףȻûеǿ֮Уڻᣬʱ⡣
ңڸҲǿ
С꣬٣Ҷ̶˼˵ǿ½ҵ۹ڽɽҶ̶Ǽ壬Сȫǿ֮ǰѾΪ̡
Ҫ˸£һеĸ˾ͻ²ҡ
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һУԺ֪ڣֻǾؿŮʣûκεĶ
ŮʿûжΪԥ֪ڼƻ飬Ĳ֡
֪˰ɣһʲô·һжԼҵģģˣһüСȥŲҶֻ֣Ҫʬ壬ͻԼ֣ŮЦ˵ıԽԽ䣬ѾеŤ
̸˽ѾΪԼѡһ·˵ȻֱӰν̳ڴ֮гŮʶȥ


372 ʥ

һչĺǰһֱǰŮʣһ񱼵Ļһ͡
絶ı֮壬ڸˣһĻǸ֣Ҳ˺ˣͨˣŮͨˣһ
Ҫɱң㲻飿
Ůʿһг֮󣬲ûлŶܣֻΪ֪ʹԼȥҲ޷ҵһС
ƽֱӵ籩һУ
еĵһ뷨Ǿ仰Ϊе㾪ȣ֮ϣô֮У˵־Ͷ֣ԥûС
ȻԴЩȣȴ£ŵˣὫǰΣȡ
ںǰ׵ʱ߳һһĺȥ
ħһ㣬ײ
ֹ֮ͣħıû˽һν֮󣬶Ҳжϳֵʵ
߽ߣһϲģ׼ȷ˵Σ
ʥ۹ȻǲһǿνǸƣҪɱŮ˲ô򵥵ġ

ιСû¶ȥɣȻˣͲҪҡ㵥ýŮЦ˵ŮˣҲĴ󳼱ǵսɣνʧ㡣
仰֮Щ󳼻С޶емĿһۣҪߣһ־ǿȵĹĴԼЩ˾ʧǽϵĳ㡣
˳ȥ飬ҲﲻæŮʶЩ֣ʾͬ顣
ǻأΪ˱ʾģǵȻ򵥾ߣôҲҪһŮʵ
һǱ£õ۹Ļʵۣϱ𣿡Ůʽ˵š
ϵǲùô࣬˾ˣ
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ĵģŮʵ󣬵ȻҲһߡ
Ҫڻʹõ棬ΪʹڿʼòȫˣʱɥŶ΢Цһ˵ӡ
벻Ů˵
ǾͿЩ֣ܲסҡЦ˶ɣڰʧַ緶
֪Ůʾȵ
һѾ֪ˣȻΪ˵ô𣿡صڴС
㡭ŮҪ˵ʲôȴԼҲȥ˵еĸо
ǲǺ֪Ϊ˽ҵĳݣҾ˵΢ЦȻһӣһ׶ǰȥ
ûͣ£ǽŻӳĽĵ׶ĸȥ£Ҳǰк
һ⣬ÿ׶յ㣬һ˳֣׶£Ȼ㿿£
漣˫ӣȻֵܷǵĴڣһ©һһŵʱһ˵ţǳš
漣˫ӣʲôеɻʵľ˿ûзɣʱ̹עŴеˡ
ʱֳϲ͵ˣҲŮʱ˵ˣ漣˫ӣѩĳƺţڳϵı֣ʵִŻˣǳΪ漣Ǿ漣˫ӡ
ŶԭҵŰΪʲôֱӽҴ漣ĸ֣ΪʲôҺѩһСе㲻˵

ʱ㻹鲻
˵˶ﰵŮȴøһ㣬Ǿ仰ǶѩһǺܸˣǾ˵ѩȻźܴìܡ
Ҳǣ˱Ͼǳˣ뿪ҲſԸ˵Ĺϵ
ǣŮʶѩӷˣһȫûõӣԺӡ
ֻ֪ǲͱһ𱻳ƺǲѩõвΪĿȥѩЧް
᲻ᣬһûӰ쵽κε顣
㲻ҪΪڳϷ⣬޵ˣûȥĸֻкܶ࣬лһЩ˿ɻκˣڣŮЦ
һ½ں˵ǰҲϣҪɻңǾҪֵ¼ˣҽҪǵ棬ȡǲˣǲܾȵ㡣
ߡ
ߣ

һʱ䣬ߵ𡭡
ں˵˵Ҫ֮ǰȡŮʵⲻˣⲻڼŭ
λСøҰɣһųǹĸ˵
УСӣҺǲˬҿϼܽޡһ֣һѴ󿳵ڼ֮ϡ


ǣһʱ䣬гŮߵ⣬ʼĴڣʼôɱ㡣
ҲǱӦÿζӱˣҲҪֵӡ
ǿûбƵŽָ˵ţһҲڵаΧϡ
ܿ죬ƿʼˣ㣡
Ůʺ˿ʼˣɺܼ򵥣㾹Ȼڵӣķӡ
Ȼڳİ˲ôģǶǣڵӣǲǡ
ǻϰǾˣһ½ȻһʧӰųŮǰ棬һնŮʣƷǳͣҽȥƺܿ죬絭Ӱһ㡣
һȥŮһն롣
ÿ죡е˶ﰵͣнƵٶȣΪ֮һ
ȴʲô

ĽûеʱһѻĻϵħǻĳ㽣еȥ·ϣĽ
һķгϮ
ŮߵˣһסĹһ˾ڹ㣬йˣһϵħʦ
һرܹеĹʱͻȻˣΪ⣬˾Ǹոеǵٶͬ
Ҽйһһն㡭
һܶڿ˼Ťյıܹ˵ļйڸĿɲˡ
һѽǺܻĳ֣ſ񱩵Ķն㡭
ۡһѪ˳ȥڸֳ֡
ʥ


373 ķ
ڵɣһѪ߱ˣˡ
ţΪ¾û˿ε𣿡Ů˷ܵؽţȻϻһı顪Į
ˣŮ˵ĿУûйĸоҲΪ֮ǰ̬ȣǴûйĶӣԵȷ
ǰ˾ҲװȻҲϲЩҲõĳͷȴû˷ܵĸо
ҲǱĿУҲǳˬҲ
ûôҲˣΪʱϲŮЩΪ֮󣬾͵סĹߣվԭλõֳַɼ顣
㵹ɳȥ֮󣬾͵ڻصԭĵطΧֻǱߣǹģõģһŰӦħȡ
ǹӭ㣬ĺ󱳣Ѹ٣һǹ̹ȥ
Ǽٶȣһն壬ʲôλһնᱻֿ롣
ǸħȣһȵĻ浶гſеȥǰɫĻ棬ж󣬱к󣬾Ǿ֣ҲҪ浶г롣
һӣôһʽŵеȥ
Ůڵ뷨ǣѾشˣڿУ޷ЩȻܻܿһṥȻϼˡ
ֻǣȴʧ
˶е𾪵һ
һ˼ŤץסǺХǹͷһǹֻӽӭһĿĲΪ˵סһǽõƣԼǹĸֳȥ
Ҳ͸ıеĹ켣Ҳ˵ͬʱҲܿǻ浶У浶УߴŮǱ߳ȥֱǱһ˰ѻ浶е»⡣
ʱ˶Ӧ׼ȷĶܽñ˵ĹԼΣ
ͬʱҲھһ£־ȻץסǰǹȻ˵ʱǹ֮ûʹħǹ֮ҲǹעŶ㾹Ȼȥץһεץס˶롪
ʲôְ֣
ǳƻԵģ仹ڱ˵Ķû˻ȥӴ˵Ķûа취
ǣֻǶ˶ѣȴ룬ʹͿԻ⶷ƵģƷˣ˵ıǻʲô
˵Ƶȷһ˫֣ƷʱʲôûĥüޱȣֻΨһеֵǣֻϸۣȫ־ġ
Թʱڳ˻ҪȥܽΪ㲢ǵıܿǽǹ֮ˡ
˶Ľ뵶Ӵ֮󣬾ϳأһתһǸǹ֮ˣϸŰװ׵ı˪һúΣա
ҲǷһĸ֣ǹ֮۾͵һȫԼұߣҪܹͻһ
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ʵҪǣʥ̫鷳ȥҡ
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ûˣŮʿ㣬е㺦µʵ
ˣ֮ǰ͸ˣ˶˵Ǽҳ㷹һ㲻ʲô˾Ͳһ㻹ǹһˡվһߣָһˡ

ŮʷһУЩɫһֻΪ˳ָķ򣬿ǹ֮ˣ
ôˣǹ֮еɻ󣬺ûиоԼʲô⡣
ι㿴Լֱ۰ɣûӦôٶ۵ˣءǲм˵
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׷ʲô£һΪֵˣȻ˴ķӦҲ㿴ڵͲ֡
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Σգ
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ܹһΣܱܹڶΣΡ΢ЦҪУΪһ˱֮󣬾ûлԲŻ¶ôҡ
ò黹Ȼ˵мԭ򣬵ȷȻϣǹ֮˱Ӧױ˵Ϊ˵̫ˡ
㱣ֱۣħһ£ҲԺܽȥ
ƭˣŮͻȻ˼ֱۿ˵ԽӻȥߣȻһ쵰ƭӡ
ŮʳŮˣͲҪҿڣҽǺģֱ۲˶ᣡιǹģΪУȻٸһǧңҾͰֱ۽ȥ

ιιǶսУôˣⶼʲôʲôλ϶һ˿Ρ
ŮȴǺкǲˬ㻹ҳң
òһҲûУǼ˵ûˣҵҽǾԲһ˿Աȵϵģֱȱͱն֮ǰһ



374 Ѫ
ҽǲǲ֪似ȷôһ㾫棡Żĸ֣ǳȵ˵š
ӦֻжʮɣͣʵȷǺѵã˵ʷǰģϾ̫һ㣬Ķǿϸ߽ߵˮƽ
ʥ׵ľ˲ͬҵĶˮƽ㲻Ҫˣһ˵ȫʵֱӵسԼĶˮƽ˵ˮƽ
ƻ棬棬ЩˣҪϺܶ࣬ϾʱĻϣЩ˺ܶࡣ
ȻԴһ˵ʵǵĳ̶ֳȣǿǴžʵʥ׵Żĸֺǻ˵
ֻд֪ǰȻ˵
Ǿһ似ǲѹҵĶ㣬ȥһһ
ŽŲһһǿ
ţͻȻƽ֣ʾͣ
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ιιôôûòΪ֣Ӧñ֣ЩҲһֺͼȻ̫Կһμе޹ӡ
֪ҲãҽʥߣóϵħѽлƽƷǻߣҲԼһЩ˵
һ˵Ҫһսͻض֣ԷҪĻͻὫЩ˵һ¡
ȻȽϲмȴоܺãΪͺܷ׵˵һЩϡ
֪֪˷ܰսʤ֪Էȫ͵ʤ֪һ㣬Ͷһʤ㡣
أʥħʦϵ֮ƷħȣŮߵǸħʦ˵ǼĵЩ
죬ʥߣϵ콣֮ǰŮߣһһ˵
죬㲻Ҫţˣ㲻һ߽ߣһĺȷû˵ǰƽĵȼƷСƽһվŮʱϵĽʿ˵
ߣߵ
СӣҽС
˵ˣǵûȤ֪͹ˣǽʿ˵
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˼˵ǺǲıȽԶʸñټסǵ֣ʵˮƽûʸñٶ似Ȥܲм˵
ʱ򣬺۾΢΢һʥ׵ǿҲ¶΢΢ľ֮⣬ǾȺˮƽ⣬Ǿ㾹Ȼܿ
һȽֵˣõһѺͨЩ˵ǱȽͨĺ콣Ľһ֪Լһѽ
õͨʵҲһû˿ʵΪͻƻȻҲҪˮƽˡ
һܺõĶ󣬶Ӱˣŵŵ˵֮Ǿһⶼ˾֮ʲô˶иԵļͥ޶ϥҲŮ
ΪǾͶԺȽ˽⣬֪ˮƽȻ𣬵ǾѾ̤ʥ׵ǿߡ
죬ֺ졭ͻȻʲôȴ벻ʲô
Ҷҵֶӣ쿴˵
Ǿ˵ҲԱˣĬһü
ţ
ҿ̬ѪͳôûѪͳ֪֪򲻹бУıǴȻָź˵ֻԼ

ҲҵѪͫǿԿһе۾ܿʵԭɡƽ˵
ҲҲҿԸоһЩ΢ϢҲȽϿһЩϸڡҡͷͬʱﰵԭѪͫãֲҵ۾졣
֪뷨ƻײǽĿܣСӣһ⣬Ȼ֪飬ҲҪȥϡ
ŶԭͷòĻ
ԺһǱһһ£ɱŮʣǾͲĻˣһаӣͲûڱһˡ
Ȼʱ򣬺ͶŮʡ
һȺ˳Ĭ
ڱϲö֣ɱʵ۵һ屡ӣֻڳ˶Ἰȭ
С쵰㲻ҪˣǶԵ۹ʵĲģ޳ҪֻǣŮ̲סվǴ󺰴С
УŮˣҲ˵ǶԵ۹ʵĲֲǶ㡣ܲм˵

仰ȷûĻŮʲôʥ׵ǿӪʱǲܵģ⼸еѡ
㣬㲻ˣҪôһҪô־ܡ
ոյĻ֪һЩˣ߸е˶˸ĤžŮ߸֮Ѻۡ
ף㿴ˣܺãҾֻǿͻˣ΢΢һЦȻһӣһĺ֮ʼΧĽϣϳֱıŽ
Ҫܼ򵥵ӣʵȴѣҪǿĿڳԴҲ̾硣
ڿϣԼҪ㣬е㿪ʼҡԼǲǿӲĶѹ㡣
ΪʥãУƵúãǿƿһЩǿϼ
мܶȣɣ׼ȷȵ˵òƺϤ
Ůˣ㺰һȻһʧ
ĸŮʱϵˣԴ׼һӭͷʹȴ֡

𣡣
ȴûгŮǰ棬ǳһߣǸŰħʦϣź֮նħʦ
ħʦصĳ̶ȣ֪ˡ
һߵõ֮ˣǹĶˣ̳ȥ㣬ϣԴﵽΧκԵĽ
ǹŸԵĹ켣ǰ
Ҫı켣Ҫˡ


Ѫһγ߹Ĵ֮ϡ


375 
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ʺ֮Ѫ
ǸħʦϿһֱҲһббģȴĳ˿ڳϡ
ǣ廹ģûбն롣
ȻħʦûʹöҲûʹħֻǴʹһȫ
ҲΪҪɣΪ˿ѾˣҪٶ໨κεû˵ģѪѾʧѪ
ħʦѾѪ֮Уû֪ʧѪ˾ͻʼû֪Ȼû֪ȥ
һҲΪʱҲûжȥնɱħʦΪϻ
ѪֻħʦϵģѪһ֮ϣֻһεĲλһǳУǴı
ıҲһ˴Ŀĵĳ˿ڣ
ڸոյĹ֮ʱȻٶȿ죬ڱڸӦҲԣնɱħʦͬʱҲƱػᱻ˹ֱ˵ĳ̶ȣҪķӦˡ
ʱˣ˵Ƿǳġ
ˣһʼҶΪսȥ赲˵ĹǴȴԼ뷨ˣ
ûиı䶯˼һѽѸٻħʦ壬ȻһܶĲ˼飬ձܹˣǣǱ滮һ˿ھͳĺ󱳡
ڿתţǰĵϣ϶Լ˼£˵ȷֻǴ˼¡
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ҲǾ˵ĸߴҲǾһ˵ǿᣬҲǲսʤģú¡
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Щ뷨ǲֻ֪֪ԼһҪɱǸħʦȻĻͻԼɺܴΣա
ħʦǺϡеģǸ߽׵ģǾ͸ϡУ߽ǿд󲿷ߡ
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ң½ʹõħһԴΧͨħʦǺܳ㡣
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ħʦϡ٣ħʦû߽׵ħʦԶ̹ĻǾԵǿΪħʦǸвѡȶԸħʦɵһһ
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ߣõ֮һƺӣһҪ𿪡
ֻһУžһ뵶ֱõ֮ѹˡ

ڳ˶Ϊ֮һ˭֪õ֮˵ǷͬһģԵĻ˵ǿġ
ȴȥǿѹõ֮û׼ãҲһǾò˼飬С壬ôʤùͷ
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⵶Уͻ룬ȻԼһԾűõ֮˵Ծڿһǻķת
˧ɣɣ
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ҪǴȥ֪ĻԼЩ˵棬Ҫһɶˡ
òϣǰСӵȷǺǿʱϵİգսϵãԼЩ˱ȴ·硣
ֻǣ벻⻹ƵģƵĻС
õ֮˵Ϸ֮ʱͻȻһ٣ıԭĹ켣ǧ׹֮ѹµõ֮ˡ
˶⣬һôڿиıԼ·ߡ
Ǹʱõ֮ûж룬Ҳ룬ֻѸõ棬û취ͻᱻһʽǧ׹ȱ⡣
飡
һŲڵϣγ΢΢һ
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һ̣ǿһԾ𣬳Ϸ𣡣


376 
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ȻǻʹĴȻǷǳĽʩҲǳϸҲ˵ÿһλǷǳļ̣ݶϷ
һˣӦ˵Ǹ֣ҪӴݶĸ߶ȶѾǺˣ͸Ҫ˵ͻι̵ݶ
ĵطȴһͻˣ
ԼٶȽӽ֮ϣڽӽ֮ǰһ̣ʹеĽΪĺ֮ҪӴĵط˲䶳סһݶ


ʱƿһ󶴣ݶҲ֮ѿ䣬ɢڴ֮ϣ㣬Ѿ˳ȥվڴݶ֮ϡ
ŵ˵һ֮ͨ·
㣬С쵰
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ΪѾˣİΧˣǰˣһִδйĴܸгˡ
ЩȻһֱڰǴûгʧܵζ鶼ǰҪķչȴ֮⣬һһһͿصĸо
˭֪ˣҪǴݶܵĻǺֻܵ棬ûʱ
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ҲһʵƻʹеκһطѾˣαؿصȴУ򲻵ѵǲȥƻ
֮أƻˡ
ŮüźǼ˵аץסƻһνҲһƻ

ʱ˳ĬˣǷŮʹȻڲͬʵīسɹ棬˵Ϊ˴ﵽĿģһЩ
ĿǰץĿѾλҪ߹ץѩ
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ҪΪʲô֪СϢҪˣͼСദ£֪ĻͲڽϻˡ
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޹ԺУɻŵļС죬ͻȻԼ΢Ц˵Ż
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377 
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С쿴㣬ǶûκεĶΨһڶ̬ľᡣ
ˣˣҲүˣ㻹һѾͷ㻹΢ЦһַżССĴָΪȥᡣ
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ǣҳ˿Ů⣬ЩʲôʲôᣬСܸɡүܲҼŮĺϲүߵĸоСţ֪Ǻ˵ǺԼ˵
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Ҳûа취飬ǰûһ˿ݶϷɱҪ֪ÿǶźܴԺ䣬Ҳ˵ÿݶźܳľ룬мΧǽ֮⣬ûκεطԡ
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ȥһҪ׽˲˲ҪֻҪһţŮʶ˵
Ҳûж룬ֻҪŮʵͿԡ
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֪Ůʵ뷨ͻش𣬶ϾԲŮʷϻ֪Լô֪ġ
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ͬʱҲΪԭû˸Ҵԭǿ˾Ūһܵ뵽ʱһڻʹб׷ĻܵҲû˸ҽǸʱͿԷܡ
ǿڻʹ潨ȥܵͱʾԻʹ˽̶ж٣ȻŻʹƽͼһʮϸģһһľнܵƽͼ
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һƺ̫˼ˣֻһͨˣͼӰмͻʹûκϵĻȷһǿˣͶصǿˣ㶼еԼܳݴˡ
Ҳûȥоô࣬ЩΪãĽȥоˡ
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ү㱧ôãǲˣ㱳кˡǸʱ򣬼СԼ󱳵ֱ۱һҺŪʪˣȻΪĺˮ
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˵ˣȽȥϾ͵ˣ
㿴С컹ҪʲôʱҲʱѾˣҲûȥˡ
ҲҲ֪Сʲô޷ǾǹСС⣬ЩԺ˵ˣҲǺҪ顣
Ҫǣո˦ЩһЩ룬ҲҪ˶ʱͿ׷ϣңϾ˼ҵĵ̣˷Ǳ˵ҪΧһӵ顣
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ȥ֮ڿŮ棬ͺƽʵжˣ
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Ȼǲ֪˭ǿʣܳΪһҪǿԵġ
Ǻܺãȳȥ΢Ц˵λܣҲȥ
ӣðɣǲ뿪ŮɻͬʱҲǵǵĹְտôְأ
ֻҪԺͿԣҪ뿪̫Զ΢΢üװһͷӣŮټĻͻ鷳
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ֻͨŮݸ߹Ĺ幫ӣǵﲻ𣬶ĿĵˣҲסϵĽͿԵóۡ
Ůȥ֮󣬼СͰŹˣոշԸġ
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Ҳ˵ڼʱ򣬲Ҫ˴𣿡һջ˵ţһ߻ͷ
λӣ˭Ϊʲô֪֪ǽأԱǻ׹Ҳûлϵ׼˺Բʶ㣬һͨѵ
ò㵱˼ӰмһԱΪϵĹݡ
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ҲûһߵţǹŰȥܵ
淢һУҪ֪ȫᱻΧȴܰڡ


380 Ϲ˵ҳ
С쵰ҳ
һŭ洫˽ڰ첹·ļС첻СԼ֣ϳ˾ȣⲢΪŭȡ
С֮ԾȣΪʶ֪˭ģû˻ᷢŭӡеԸͻе˵㡣
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ܶҲͬ뷨ǶûмŮӻ
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С죬һ˵÷ֺ֣ܶҪСԼãУ·Сһ㣬ʲôԾͰ˵ܽӦܵС
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С쵰˵ʲôʲôʲôҶֻкޣûаں޲ðƤŮŭ˵ûҲеѰζǱˡ
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⻰ôеζòǰ˰ɡҾӵһ½ϣһҲŶϹ˵
ŮʳĬһᣬȻҧгݵ˭ȥС쵰ҾϸС쵰ҪΪ˵Ļһӣ


381 Ķ
Ϲ˵ͷ˰
Ķ֪ոҸǵĳ̶̫ˣŮʣû취ʱˡ
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ֻǣòƹ˺ܾã㶼ûп˵ͱúǹ죬ǰûзκε
С쵰㵽ҪʲôŮ̲סʵ
ȵȵȣһûôƭ뿪ôԹ뿪ڻص⻰˶һ㶣Ȼ󶼲֪ǺǺЦ
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һܱƻĵطŮʸеͷʹеΪѡ
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ⲢŹ֮˵෴ţֻԼЩõ档
˵ΣٳһٶѣʱϾͿԣԼСǣűߡ
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382 һĿʼ
С쵰֪Ϲ˵ôТ˳ôɱ̫ϻأں̫ϻʺĺܺãֵġŮ
̫ϻʣûǰʵ۷ǵûбɱ̫ϻʣһңڣŮû߶
֪Ļͻӵ⣬ҲΪһʼеˣŮεĶλвǶλô򵥡
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ˣˣ֪ʳϾ͸ԹԵĵšŮͻȻЦ˵
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㾭С㣬СŮ˵ԣһֵ˵ʱ͸еܱŤܱŤ
ƾұϺܶ࣡Ů˵ϵʱرˣԣǴ㣬Сܵܡ
벻ҪڵܵܵǰС֡Ƶ˵
ΪʲôҪŮɻ
ϣ㻹ǲҪˣҲ˵ġһߵؿڵ
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֮ҪǲҪ㻹ǽһ쵰ɣҪеܵܣҳܲ𡣡˵ͬʱڼʱ䡣
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ϣǸȫһ㣬ʱŮʺҪƭҿţ߸ҩкϴѵʱ䡣
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㻹ֵˣɱ˵쵰ѵͲΪҵĵܵô˵Ҳǵ۹Ļʵۣ᲻˭ܵõġŮ鿪ʼе㲻ˣҲΪ֪ԼոƵˣȻΪʲôơ
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ã޴׼õʳȻ٣ҲֱӳɣȻһʳ
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С쵰ܵܣˣ㿪Űɡ
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ŮСŮȻǸͽȥԸǣһҪź򡱺Ϊֹ
СŮ֪Ůʵ뷨ΪҪź㣬ͰʳýȥǸʱѾ򿪣ǿŽȥԽϵʳõںá
ʳڼ䣬ĸҪԣܲͻƣ㷢ľȴףǲܵ顣
Ҳھ棬ûпȴ֪ʲôط˭ʮ׷Χ֮ڣȻķ档
ǸʱеʳСŮΪζţͿʼԴ
СŮܿ;ķ֣Լϲ˵ٶȣȻϲԶٶȣǷĶӺ޵׶һôĶ󣬾Ȼûһͣ˼
ǸʱǸֳܶ˿Զͬһ뷨ЩʳﶼȥˣôôװôĶ

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ߴ˵ؿڣһ̺ɫŮʳȥ·˿ûбңٶҲֻ΢΢һ㣬һٶͨ˸оġ

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ܣܸ㣬ҿԸһ£ּҪپж٣Ǿ͵űɱȻƽ

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Ҳ֪뺮ѾӴһ֪
ʵҲа취ģϾһˣļ֧ٶ࣬ٶٿ죬Ҳһа취
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ţⲻܣըӳ֮ҾһֱŴţ㲻ǴԥĻ
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Ҳ޷һʼѾź󣬽ųȥֻעըͬʱΪըӦ棬ԾͲעź󡣡
һҴ󷽵ӣ˵һϸڡ
С쵰ƭǰɣŮ˵оȻһû޷ţڵ
ŮˣͲҪ죬ƭˣʵˡܲػһ䡣
⻰ƭˣȻѾźˣ˭ըӳˣС죬ҲˣС컹档ŮͻȻԼѼСˣոһֱûСҲȻ
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ŮʵĻôҶʼԴȻˣĻȷǿ˵ͨˣըĻң˼Ůʡ
֪С첻ڣֻһĻ뷨Ͳһˣһ룬ôѾȥըӳ
ʵ˵ôļ򵥣ըȻײųȥ
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ǵ۹ĻʵۣȻһ˲ͬ͵仰˼ͬŮʵĻΪС컹棬һը
һ㲻֪СѾˣҲú˵Լôģǰ˵ôѾˣؼҪܡ
ߣ˴СǶôõŮӣԺҪúöҪѩãͿŮ˵澹ȻʼЦˡ
֪ѩ򵽵ˣôôˣҲҪ㻹ȽһԣȻ·ģһúʹ졣㲻ԼɱŮʵĿģô˵ҲãҲı䲻ľġ
ԣûСŮ룬Ȼص
ĺܿ㿴ŮһᣬȻ˵
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ðɣҾ㵽ãϣ±ҵһͨ˼ңͨҸ㲢ΪŮʿıĳԡ
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һľͷһҲϲŮ΢Ц
㿴ŮʵЦݣ΢΢һ˵ʵЦݺʵЦݲЦݣԴԼٵòŮ뷨ĲҪαļߣ
ŮʳĬ
Ҳ˵λߣҲûһҪףλԼѡ񣬻ͬҲòͬķʽȥ顣ܶʱʲô̬ȥԴõͻʲôġ˵֮УʵҲԼϣ㽫ԼĹرˣȥӽ㡣
Ĭ
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ŮһʶȥԼڲԼѾȥˣҲ˵ԼΪªıٵѾ˵ǰ仹㿴ˡ
Ŀѩ֮ıȽϣѩϲΪԼѩ̫ࡣ
ܿҲĻ֪㲢ûΪǱٵĲֶѿĺùһ㣬ͬʱҲһĪĸ顣
ҲΪǶԶԼ˵ĸ飬Ҳһ˵ĸ顣
ֻǲʲôҲûãΪÿ죬ȥҲ죬֪Լй顣
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ڳ˶ֵĻ棬ȴŲͬ뷨
һǵǰ·
ҲԼĻʵԼǰһСɱˣԼȴ˿ûа취ģˣĳ衣
ȴνֻΪŲ̊ûжãûн̫ĸУǽǰλʵλӵˣҲԼжϵ
ΪҲһеڴˣǺ޲ɱŮʣȻԭȵĻʵۼʹ¡
ͨһ˵ܶ˶ϲɵĺϰ壬ϰȾɵĺãڶʱ޷ȹɵġ
ΪһֶԣϲµĹ򣬲ϲȥִµı׼
С쵰Ҳ㣡һ̣Ů΢ЦţȫûκεļװһһҲ㡣
ҲΪԼȥһֽѣԲɱԼ
ҲΪһЩ飬֮ǰԹ޶Ѿ¡
ҲֻΪԼҪˣ޲޶Ѿνˣ

ֿʼˣȻûҪ˼˵ģŮʵĴһصΣգҲΣյһˣһˡ
ڳˣûκ˿ֹµķֻºж׷ɱͷֻǵʱǲǻУǾͲö֪ˡ
ŮʸеԼĺʼѣʺһѹȸС
ôһ죬ҲĽ֡

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ؼʱ̣һҪ˵Ķ
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УһУк֮漣ɿˣȻȻŮʵʺȴû
ʱһŮ֮У۹⿴㡣
㲻΢΢ü
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387 ֲ
Ҫ㣬㲻Ҫɱ
㲻ѩ򡣡
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ѩĻ֮󣬾˵仰˼֪˵ԼӦóӦΣյĵط
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֪Ϊʲôʦڵ׷𣿡ʵ
ѩǵͷص֪ΪҪƳңҪҪЮңֻ֪Ҫһ֡ԲǸ鷳һһΣҺúԼ
˵Ǿ仰ʱѩеȻҪĿȴ˿Լ仹ʱ
ֻĻѾڿˡ
˵ԲҲúԼܻе鷳ʱһ鷳ʱ򣬻һõĻ䡣΢΢һЦ˵òоѩеĲġ
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ֻǣȴ磬žͰѻת˻ȥȻ֪ŮҪԸ㣬㻹Ҫʲôˣ鷳ûˡ
˵㣬ѩȻףӰм壬ʥ۹ҪԸѩģҲֻһŮʣûŮʣκһʵۣǼӰмˣʥ۹Ĺ
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Ҳûʲô۹ҪԸңа취ġ㻹һܲ˵
ôǽһʵɱһǱõ˻ᣬһĻл㣬۹ӵеĲô򵥵ʵһܻûġѩ򼤶
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涼ĬˣǸеһɺ⣬˵ǵȷǷס۹ĹԱôܱ࣬ܶ
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Ȼ˵ܽ۹ٵǾԿõ۹ķѡ
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ιιҪңͥڵҲֻ˵ں㣬û˵§§ģҿһܴͳֵľˡ΢Ц
ѩһӾͺˣȡЦúܺߣͬʱȴкܸˣҲ˵ҾҪ㣬ҶԲˣ㻹ʲô˵ģУ˵Ůӵģ
Ǹ˼ˣ˿ûв˼ı飬Ȼ˵š
ţ㿴ŻץŮʣѩľŹΣյŮˣ𣿡
ţҲ£Ҳô鷳Ժ뿪һûʶǵĵطֵĻţҪ󣬲ҪĹ㡣ѩ㻳˵
ףô֪Щ£֪ˣ˷ƶǣֲͻȻʧ䱸ɭϵĻʹˣѩһֱʥ֮УһԼܵƶ˾ߡ
ţǵĵطþҵ޹С챻ûȥĵطҲ̫˿ţҾûһ˵ĻҲ£ѾΨһˣȻᱻúñšѩͷ
ˣŮˣԲˣѩҪҪɱ㣬ҲǶ飬ġʱɱ⣬֮ҪɱŮҲΪѩ򣬶ѩԼ˵Ҫˣαضһ٣۹鷳
Ҳ㣬Ҫκε뷨ȻֻȽδɵء
㡭ѩ㻳૵ˮҲס˫ӿһ̸ܸоһУϧ۹ΪԼֻ鷳ˡ
ȻףΪʲôȴҲô࣬ȥôֻ࣬Ҫ֪Ѿ㹻ˡ
ش⣬Ĵ𰸽ǡ
˵ʵڵģԼҲף͵Ǳٷһ񾭰ɡ


388 㣿
Ҫˣ߰ɡ
ԶŻеѩ˵ͬʱҲſŮʣٹҲҪĻشǷĻưոݡ
֮ǰֻǶŮʽо棬ҪĻشΪĻشΣ˵һ
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ԲĽڣһΪѾˡ
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ˣֻһжϣŮʷˡ
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ŮʾͿһɴ˫۵Ļ棬һŮһǴͻȻʧķƶǡ
ƶĽǧѰС꣬ް濤١
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ƶŮִ֪һ
㲻ҪַƶҲǵ㣬㱻Ůƭʹżܹ˵ʵڣһǵһοƶӡ濤һΪƶ͵
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ǵˣӦҵӦⳡ棡Ǹ˵
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ιŮ˲Ҫǻ쵰ǿľͷҲ˵ġ



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ΪʲôҲ֣ôҲڣ㿴ŸոշŮǸֱŮ
ΪʲôҲڣѵΪҾͲ㣬ͻ𣿡Ů̵۾㣬һ˵ӡ
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ܲ˵ֻΪ㲻ӦΪҶðգҺûбҪΪԷðյĹϵУҵ˼ǣôط㲻Ӧڷ𣿡
㣬쵰ҶѾм֮ˣ㻹˵ûйϵ
֮ףҾʹ㼸ƨɶѡһºص
ӵŮǶĬˣǵ뷨ȴֳ֡
ŮȻǼ֮ףΪѾˣŮƨɵġ
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ףΪʲôҲС쵰Ⱦˡ
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һΪ쵰˵㵽ȸһϣΪʲôûȥǱɵɵĵ㡣Ҷ̶˵˵
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ްǻ߰ɣڵĴѾܰȫˣЩ£ǲֹҲҪΪ׸ƶڵ
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㣬ҪҪûϻرһ£ƶʵ
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˵ʲô濤ɻ󣬽е㲻˵˵һϬһͨҲ֪
ǰȻ֪ܺ˽Էȴ֪˽⵽˵׶Է˼
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Ůʧڵ񱳺ŮܹȥǺĵĶڣͨһЩһ벻ͨ顣
ԭԼĻʹŲΪ֪֪ܵܵ˾ȻǰС쵰ѩһҲǴ֪ܵģҾ;֣ôصԭмС쵰ġ
ӸոĻУŮѾ֪ǴҲһԭɱѩļƻƻˡ
ͬʱŮҲѩ֮ǰΪʲôͻȻʧ٣ķƶôͻȻʧԭΪܵԭ
ֻŮʲףΪʲô˵ոѾҪˣܵܣ˵һ
ѵ˵
ˣͷƶ˼ԭ֮ԲⱻҿܣΪܶѾûˣҪ뿪Ժ󲻻ٻ


390 ҹ̸
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ʵʱҲͨˣԼԹޣֻһʱ֮ѣȫûκεıҪȥԹ㡣
ңҲףΪԼƼˣŻ֮ǰЩ飬һʼúõ̸̸£ҲҪͲ֮ǰЩˡ
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ֻǣȴ֪ΪΣյ飬ΪҪסǡ
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ѩ򱾻Ů˵仰һǣ֣;ʲôҪˣҪֻǸߡ
Ҫ뿪֮󣬾;ŮʵҲǺҪˣΪһʵ˵ŮҲǷǳʤεġ
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ҲŮеĻ˵ֲǹУǹֻҪԸߣҾͻš
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仰ѩк𡭡
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ţһҲԣͷ
仰ѩеԼѾ֮УȻֻǶݵġ
ҺѾӦҵĹڲҵͬ⣬Ҳһߴš΢Ц˵ֻǣǳзֿһ죬ǻҵϲˣҵǵҸ

СľͷŮеεҡҡͷΪЩŮӾÿľͷˡ
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һΣ˺ܾúܾãҪǰûеĻᣬһֱĵڶϡ
м䣬ƶֹһΣͻȥˡ
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Ҳֻ˯±͵Ϯ
Ůڷ˯֮뷨С쵰ǵģ˯š
ʱŮҲûҪȥ͵Ϯ˼ǣҪȥ͵ϮĻǺǺصģҪΪ˯˾ûɱ˯֮е˹ǷǺġ
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ҪöԷص˫Ȼһ죬һҹ̸м仹һٷʢ硣
磬ȻǸ׼ģѩŮһųԵ㣬š
Ȼ˯һϣҲ֪ķչ뾭
м˵ȽҪģǾ׷ɱѩĲŮʣŮȻܺѩ򣬵ȴɱ
׷ɱѩȴԭڣǵһЩˣЩԻλŵĻӡ
Ů֮ԵõڵλãҲΪڼУǸʱϲûκεܴҲСģûע⵽ĴڣΪԼв
鵽ȴŮʳӮңõûϣõĻλ
Ҳò˵Ůʵȷһвܵˣô棬Ȼű˵Լ߷塣
һе⣬ĵ߾ȻǿһƷħʯ˵ƱͷѪ⻰Ȼûġ
һƷħʯ˵ֻһֵǮǺֵǮʯͷʲôǣ˵ⲻʯͷҲǽǮ
ħʯʹʵʵʹһУ
һƷħʯӰЩʵʼмҲҹСǣʮ˵Ǳ㣬ħʯǡ
ʱСеĺģްţʵȴСڳıߣһе顣
ˣЩȻὫصСϡ
벻ЩŮ˶õһֹһЩС˶ûãȻǵļƻУǵʱֱս
ǲףΪʲô㵽׸ʲôô˵ļκεջ
ȻСûЩ˵õǵĶȴѾʼˣӮħʯҲһ޷ֹĿʼ
ĽǣһȥʵҲΪֹⳡļͻȻλһѻλŮʡ
һ㣬˶ܺ棬ŮʿУ֪мҲڸ㶯ԭ򣬻оǣ˵ãҲΪʵ۾öԲԲŽλ
Ҳı˵Ůʵʺλġ
˵ʲôͲ֪ˣΪѾ˯ˡ


391 һ
һҹȥߵѾǰס
ѩŮʻ˵УȻŮʻûзѩ飬ѾûǰԹޣִš
ܻѩ򣬵ǽǽ֣֮Ů֮硣
ʵǰҪôԼҲֻ֪Ҫѩ֪ԼҪѩʹ࣬ѩֲ֪ô
ѾʼˣŮʾ׼ͣѩȻ㣬һˣ֪ôôܳôá
ԿѩжɶС쵰жôĽţԼܣҲҪС쵰ġ
ʱŮʿѩе㣬ǰ˯ŵ㣬޷ţ֮ǰǸǿҰ˾ÿɶС쵰
Ůʿ㷢˺þá
С쵰˯ŵʱ򣬻İˣҲɰˣŮ̲ס֣ȥ
ʲô᲻ѰʱֱɶˣҪһֱͺˡ
Ůең֪ԼΪʲôĶĶ̫ˣ㳳ѣʧջ֡
ҪģҲһѵġѩЦЦȻҲŮһ
ȻѩиĶ΢Цıӣָͷḧüë
ǰɣС쵰Ǻʥײ߰ôѣŮһʵ֪ģ߶ųǿ񣬾˯УֻҪе㶯Ҳǻ
Իͨߣһܽʥǿ˦תߣȻмеı棬ûһʵ޷Щıġ
ˣ㲻ӦôŪš
ҲţһǼװġ
ǣŮʾͿʼ˫֣ŮʵĶ£š
⵽ǲǲţǴҪֻŮʲ֪ˡ
˰ɣû˯ĻôôҲѡѩظŮе΢΢
ʹ˰ŮʿѩȡЦ
ѩ΢΢һ죬ȴ˿ûԼʹ뷨ţҲôأԲͿ𣿡
ᱨһ£һܲˬںöˣˡŮЦѵлᱨ㣬ŹŹ֡
ıҪֻҪûж⣬˯ŵʱ򣬾ͿŪ㣬ҿԭ㣬˾Ͳһˣǵǣǵ۹ĻʵۣҲ鷳ѩид˵
ֲûǹ֮ǰһ˺þáŮʲں˵
ǧҪΪûֻ֮ǰûǵǵĽǶΪǺ⣬һ㴥ǵĽ鷳ˡѩͷ㣬ǵĽٶ۵ľͷ

㲻֪һ£Ǿͻñֶܣϧ۹ңϧһдۣǵʧȥһУ֪һ顣ѩ򻺻˵

Ҳ֪۵СµˣѾƻһУƿصĲõ۹ľҡļƻҿԿ۹ҡѩ̾
Ȼõ۹⽫ǵ۹һѣµǣм׬ô˵ĲƲʧ
ŮʳĬ˺þãʵǲҲƻ֮أ
ǵĻѩô֪ô
ţ棬ҲҵĽѩͷŻ㣬ƽ˵
С쵰˵ǸΣŮˣҿǲΣյġŮóһۡ
СǸͨŮûֻĬĬĲƲҪػĲ֮ĲƲô򵥡
ҲǺ
һûĻΪʲôҵûһΪʲôһʧȥԼģһЩ飬ΪʲôҾͲԼҪػĶ
ŮţֻһˣǾǰһŲ˵ĻҪС̫ࡣ
ҲŻʧȥң÷
ΪԼϲˣʹȫ翴Σգֺηѩ˵һҪлл㣬һ£ǵĽͬҲĽ㱻ɱõ֤
ߣɶ񣬵ͷҾȻǵĴٽٽǸķչŮҧҲҪ̫ģС쵰Ը鷽ľͷһԸԺеܡ
ǰѩ⻰е㲻ģеƣȴһˡ
ľͷҲνãΪֻǵľͷ˲õֻҪԺһ𲻷ֿһ죬ľͷҲῪϡ
ǰϲһ˾ҪǸһǵĻţõĽȻľͷһȴһ𣬹ǵⲻõĽ
УľͷҲһôǾǲȥմǲݣ
Ůʴһᣬܿѩ뷨뷨ãĽҲʧΪһĽ
ֻǣΪʲôҾе㲻ģ
ѵ˵һǲѩ׵õҸ
ţһҪƻҪң
ŮͻȻһ仰Ųܸǵҡ
Լ˵ģⲻܹҰɡ
ѩŮͻȻһ£оš
ʧ˰ɣ˺׾ͻָһӾûˡѩЦΪŮ˵¡
ǰ˵ΪʲôôϸۣӰмһҲȲ˺ĽŮһˬ˵һˣȻƤʵ˲ˬ
ǵҲ֪ôģʱֻشʵı֡ѩҲͷۡ
ŮʳĬһᣬȻ˵Ҫϻ𣿡
ѩĬС
ʱ򣬱̸۵ĳ˹Ժ˵ţӦûȻûָ



392 
㣬˵ʲôŮʿʵ
˵ϼҲлָû˵Ȼȥˢϴˣѩ߰ɣѾһˣĹ˰ɡ˵˵žͱ˻⣬Ϊ֮ǰǸո˯ѵԺ״̬˵ûûоǡ
һ㣬֪Լո˵˶ĻܻԼСС鷳
ţˣոնˣԻȥˡѩͷص
ôңòһϰɣ㷢Լѩ֮ƣеʵ
㲻𣿡ѩĵʵ
˵㣬ֲѩһħʦһϣԵ𣿡ûָָѩСԴҰ㰴Ħһ£Ȼġ
ŶõģѩĵĻھȥҲԸ⣬οΪĦ
ȵȣĦǲ˵Ҫҵ壿
ѩʼ죬СײȱˣһǺ⣺㣬ո˵ѩѵ˯𣿡
ţüˡһΪѩĦʹ֮ѪҺͨѩеһһҲܲ˵ţ˵ұ˵Ϊ˹ƽΪ˲ԿҪҾҲģԾš
˵ˣ˯ʱǷסҡ
ģ˯ʱ򣬷סЩѩɺ⣬ŮҪġѩе˵
ΪʲôУĦص
ңҿǰɡѩѿڶϺϼ𡭡
ǰĦΪ壬㵱һҽߣĦ飬ϲĻԸҰ£ᰴĦҲԴȡܲ˵
ߣС㴷ҲᣬҾһʲôĵѩߵ
˵ģҵȷΪʱʼΪѩĦȡ
ѩûˣ˵Ϊ㰴̫ˣ̲סҪУһھͻгǾ̫ˡ
ȿȣҪᣬΪĴȱѹһϣͻȻţһˬҪг
ͽгŸֱӾôһ䡣
ߣ
ʲôѵҵļǶġ
ߡ

ιιҪǰȺòãŮҲ̲סˣˣǽŰĦУεġ
ȣʲô£
ѩҪ˵ǣȴˣֻû뵽˵һһҹҿǵõ˻رһǺĻر
ߣС쵰ո˵ϻпκҵ⻰ǲģŮʶʵ
ȻڻٵԼòŮӣҲϲԼòԻָ仹ȫ֮
£ŮԸԼ˰̣ٳŮӶԸ⣬ֺοԭǴ˵Ůʡ
˵Ļǻƽɣм١ǽ˵
жٰտκҵŮʵ
ųɣֱӵػص
Ůϸ˵ʵģ
Ҹո˵ҵĻװ
֪֪ˣǻƽɣм٣ǸƽʲôŮͻȻԼû˵ʲôлƽɡ
룬˵ָĶɡ
Ǻ˵ĻǼйϵ𣿡Ůɻ
Ļشܸɴ࣬֡
ûУ
㻹˵ʲôŮû˵
˵˵Ҫ͹ԳҵĺǾ仰Ҳ˵ٻܲ˵
ŮʳûƢ
û˰ɣˡ㽫ѩ˼û֮󣬾ͶŮ˵
߰ɣ߰ɣʡС쵰ҡŮû˵
ټˣѩ򣬾׼ˡ
ΪʲôܣȻŮʷӦʲôӦӦˡ
ȵȣС쵰㱻ƭˣԭΪңҪһʱҵΪ׳𣿡Ů׷㣬ֱץһѡ
㱻Ůˣ˯ʱ򣬻֪ԼŮԻΪŮַˡ
ιιأҵֲţʲô
ϲ
ãܺãɺܺúǿ󡣡
˵ҪҲ⣬㵽βҵŮ˫ȫһ۸ܵܵĸо
Ůˣ֣ҪȻҾͲˡ
ţӦң
Ůˣİҵɵܵ۸㣬СһһҶԳƣһۣϵơ
ϻ㵱ǲè
ӺÿɰҵС쵰ܵܡŮʴЦ
ַˣɻ
㲻֪ԼŮӣʹ۷ʱ򣬲ûзӳҪƣһɰЦĹ
в죬κãʱά㶫ŮЦ˵һС
ҵСӰִŮʵ˫֣ҪκҲԣ;ˣ͵Ժˣ˭ҲǷ˭
ģҲ׷飬ͻҪģΪһ֮Ҫͷɣý벻ľϲŮЦ
㣬ҪҽûɲҪ㲻ҪԳƽ㣬ҽֻһĽǧѰףѵİˣôھ˵ˣˣһԵɡԼҲףԼܱܿҪΪԼĽ㣬⵱Ȼ벻׵ԭ
벻׵ǣԼ񿹾ܵԭ򣬺ΪһĽǧѰһֱϵĽ㣬ͬʱκͻֻҪһ͹ˡ
ôͲܣңһĽ㣬ҪˣѩҵáŮʺҲںƵģš
ܾǲܣҵĽֻһ˵
仰ҪǱĽǧѰĻж࿪ģˣһֱԸҪֿ
ǻʹĽǧѰõ
ܣ
㡭ĽǧѰ˫۷⣬ܹԼĴԴԼ˫С
Ըˣ
̫ˣԼİ㣬ԼĻҲ仰ˡ
ĽǧѰʱԼÿģҸ


393 ĵһδ
Ҫң㣬ҲСӡĽǧѰ˫ôϲŵܵܣ
ҸоҿԱ㣡ĽǧѰһ±ԼŪҵͷţᡣ
ҲĽǧѰԼͬʱڵʵĲһҪܵܣҲɵܵ㣬ſһ㣬ĸоҲһܺá
ŶԣĽǧѰǰһĻԼ棬ȥı
ôоǲǺܺáȻĻĽǧѰ˫־ʹĽǧѰĺ
оǺܲҲϲĸоĽǧѰ˵㣬˭˭ǶҪһһ𡣡
ôõĻ氡˶Ÿ̾⣬ŮʣЩĽ˵Ƕʼ벻ˬɣС쵰ﲻˣôͲҡ
עһƻյˣž˵һܲʺϵĻ
һһ㲻˰
ѩŮˡ
ˣҲҪʲôʱȢţٿ顣ĽǧѰûʲôԾֻǺ˵
ԣҸҪģԼĿԲܣûҲν

ĽǧѰǲֻС쵰Ľ㣿ȻôһҲᣬ
ŮʶĽǧѰĸе㲻⣬˵Ϊ㣬Ϊʲô֮飬Ļֻ˵ĽǧѰĸء
˭ʵ
˭ȻǷƶˡĽǧѰ㻳пţ˵жҲһ
ƶ˵ļҪȻĻԺ⽫ܴ
ƶ٣С꣬ް˵ˣ㶼Ѿ˷ϵˣѩ͸˵ˣҲϲҶ̶ҲԴˣȻҲ˼ˡĽǧѰ뿪Ļ˵š
û뵽ĽǧѰ˵ô࣬ңΪʲôҪ˵ǣƶٺҶ̶ȫֹϵҶ̶ŽӴöѣһԩҡ
С꣬ʱ뵽Сĸеˣ֪ʲôĸ飬ԲǰֽǺĹϵ
ѵ˵ƶҲһ
ͻȻ뵽ܣе㺦ģȻĻԼͿܻǷһծ
㻹ûĽǧѰڼ˵ţĻ
Ǹ濤ڷƶɴҲһȢţһ˳ҲǺõġУޱҾҲҲܺãлУʦҲкøУǲǣ𣿡
ͣͣ˵ȥҪʶŮ˶ˣǲҪ˵Ѫ̣֪ŮĻҲһҪͣеĿĽǧѰ
ˣԭнĸо仹߲ܣҪԼܵܵŮԽԽá
ֲ̫ˣ
ǲ˵ˣҸҪ£罫ˣŮˣŮʣãû³ʲôܵܵġ
ֻȴ֪Լո˵ˡ
ĽǧѰ㣬ʵѪ˭ŮڶһŮӣ
Ѫ̾ѪСӦüУ˵ֻʶŮˣ˵ǵģ˵ˣʲôʱǹŮӡһίԩı顣
ûǣĻôŮߣԭֻһδޣԽԽࡣĽǧѰ֣һ¡
ιι˵ʲôԭֻһδޣǺòãǸҲڳ֪ġ˵ʱٺǵһ˵ԼδģȻԼӳȥˡ
㻹˼δޣôˡĽǧѰؾ
һʱȷֱӽΪδޣһڨڨ˵ֻЦҶġ
˭˵ģǾ͵ˣĽǧѰ˵پĵһδޣ븺𣡡
ҲеĻǵһδŶԣ˵
С𣿡ĽǧѰһ£Ȼ˵ϲĻҲȢңһӣҾˣ
ǻȥ׼׼뿪ɣ׵תƻⷽҪ⻰ϼ
𣿡ĽǧѰ棬䷽Ϥû
ͷţҶӶˣҪȥϴˢ
ҲǣҲһˣǻȥɡĽǧѰҲû˵ʲô֣׼ȥˡ
ȵȣĵҲڰҵ黹û˵أŮʲˣһٶԼĴڣúܲˬ
飬ܼ򵥣¾͸㶨ˣֻҪһϴˢҪһطҪһطϴ裬ûʩҪ˵Ƚ飬ûЩһܲʱͻҲɣ˵ѾʮˣҲżһᡣֱӻص
ûУҵ޹У㵽ҵ޹ͿˡŮ붼û룬ֱ˵
޹ʲôʵ
ɷ﹬ŮʻصҲûȥĿġ
ɷ﹬ĻԣǹȥҲܻͷͬˡ
Ϊʲôɷ﹬ԣŮеɻĿ㡣
ûעŮʣֻǶĽǧѰѩȻȥҹСʱͻȥд׼һ£뿪ѩȥϢһ£ĽǧѰҿ
ãҪСһ㡣ĽǧѰͷ
ѩҪ£ҪߣҲҪ븸׵һ뿪֮ŲˣһҪŮ˵һĲᡣ
˵Ҳǣѩȥ㸸ĸǷһ㡣ͷ顣
ţѩɵصͷ㣬ʲôأǲҪҴнӹԺչˣ
ǰɣֻҪԸ⣬ҲչһӡͷԼ뷨
ŮǸưԭľͷԲ˵Ȼû̫ĳŵҪǰöˡ
ٽһеģ
ŮʵĴڣŮ˴֮˽ø࣬׵øࡣ

ȥɷ﹬·ϣŮͻȻͨ˸ոյ⣺С쵰ʵ˵ҵ޹ǲҲܵ
ûеһ



394 Ůʵ׽Ū
ɷ﹬УһУѩŮм䣬ûˣûκˡ
޹Уֻˣʱʲô¶ᱻ֪
Ȼ˲飬ȻϳŮǶڻɣŮǲҪϷ
Ů黹Ǻ˽⣬Բ֪˭
Ȼ£Ҳڼùģ׼ȷ˵뱻˿ģ뱻֪
Ůüͷʵ
ţͷ
ȷŮٴʵ
ȷһԼ϶϶ػش𣬽еֵ˵˵һŶԣôԷ
õͦµģŮӵĹ뷿ţ뷿ˣһѿˣһŮӷҪİ衪ӣ㿴ŷİ裬ױ̨ȴһûоӵױ̨
һ㣬ֻ˵˲ϲվӣվӡ
ŴܰĲ֣Сұĸо˵ⷿȻѿһ㣬ȴŮˣŮпһѿһ㲻ҪĺþС˵
ߣŮʵһܲġ
㣡ѩһӣȻС˵ҽĹ뷿Ůġ
㲻ŵؿŮʣȻֱӵ˵Ҳţ
С쵰бҪƭΪʲô᲻ţŮûؿһۡ
һ㣬ȷǷϣȷһϲվӵˣǵڶ㣬ĸоСұĸоĸҵĸо̫ˣӦϼȵĸûʣԸ񣬻ڻʵ۵ݡ˵һһָǱȻŮˡ
ȸ㣬˽⵽ģֺֻγҪ飬Ҳ˿һŮˣǶǱ˱ƳģصԼĹ뷿ȻҪعԼıɫϲĸоŮ˵еᣬȷôһı仯
ˣûȤоĹ뷿ҲԺʲô飬ԽܵӾӡ˵
ҾҪʣܵУв˯Σյĵطһ֪ܵҲǺ޷С쵰Ҳ֪Ҳ֪첻ˣ͵ϮҡŮʿ
Ҫװûã˵һ뿪Щ֪ܵ˲ֻ֪ΪܵϣԶòֱŮʵĿࡣ
ߣС쵰Ů˵Ҫ֪𣿡Ůʲ˵˵
ᰡ֪ҶŮӶģһ߹Ĺӡϱһ飬ᣬǸ߹
Ůʿ㣬;úܲоһ⣬ҲͻȻ֮ǰ˵Ǿ仰ԼװЦݣȷǺѿ
ˣȥɣҰ׼ϴˮ·ϴʱһϴúɡѩ㣬ȻûкһҲŮӿ֪ϰߣ£ǲġ
֮󣬲ϴ裬Ҳ᲻⼸ѾѧԼչԼϴºɵ飬Ҳ
ϴ·ˣ·첻ٴˣ涼ôĶȻúܺãǸĸһῴġŮʿڵ
ûСŮǺܺãֻ֮ǰĿ̫󣬸ȫԭһ˿֮ҵôܻῴǿǴëõһȺˡ
ʲôϵУҺѩѩӣ촩Ŵ򲹶Ĵֲ·Ѿܺˡܲػص
ѩӣѩ߶Խ˵ѩ͸оԼĵλһ㶯ҡ
׿һ˵˵ѩӵֵ֣ĽϣǶôܵΪ
ŮûעЩֻûѩȥǸĸ㣬ôչѩ򡣡
ǷŲģһĽҲûעġڰ֣ܲ˵
ŮԶˡ
㣬ҪˣӣУҪ·ҲûСѩ˵
˭˵ûеģаһЩ·С쵰ȴţЩ·Ҳû˲֪ҵġŮʳϵ˵
ѩ򲻽ؿŮʡ
ŮˣôͻȻ䱿ˣˣ·ܴ𣿡ֱ˵ĺġ
ܣЩ·ŮɴģΪ۹ĻʵۣҾһŮӣЩҲҪ˵ӡŮ˵
Ŷ㣡Ҳ⣬·ʹţҲܾṩ·
ֻȴ֪ŮЩû˵Щ·ȻǱûмģȴѾģҲ˵Ůʴͬһ·
䣬Ů¶׼ˣҶģֻŮڸ˸ģĳʵġ
ΪŮʵŮȻ
ȴԴһ֪ѩҲֻ֪Ůһ֪ʲô˼
һ㣬Ů˵˵ӣվǸŮˣϣͱúǻ֪㴩֮󣬼Ů˻Ů˵ķʣһʲôЧ
ŮھڻţһֿУ׽ŪĿС
ŮҲûһ£뿪֮ǰ㣺С쵰㻹û˵ܵڡ
㴲ߵУֻҪĵ££ͻһСڣȥţͿֱȥˣ򵥣аħǷ㰡ʹǧȥȻйϡппŵ㡣
ŮҲڸппǣҺ֪ЩܵǰС쵰˵ĻԼˡ
ʱŮҲ֪Ѿ޷֮ġ
ţȥѩŮһϴ裬ŮϴҪڿܶ࣬㶼ϴˣǸֻ಻١
ѩ֪ĳҪһСʱȻмԼúϴһ£Ȼ׼ϴˮ
ϴ󣬻Ůʵ·

ѩŮʶĿ㡭


395 ĶԻ
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㿴ϴϣųˮܽذоŮһ԰ı顣
ԭѾñѩ۵׼ǰӦû˵֮ĻֻǣһΣе㲻ͬ
ţѩŮͬʱͷͬ˶ʼɣ
е㿹ܣӦ˵ǿܡ
λɰĴС㣬עǵôʣȻϣ͵ˣҲЩӵģҿ߳жڸߴ͵ġ
ʱΪ͹Լ͹Լĸߴͣ˼͵Ķ

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Ȼ⻰ôŮˣѵںŮιιŮˣǲϷŪң·еŮζ㿴Լϵ·ое̫ڻˡ
·ʵûжоֱ治ʲôʽˣֻһ仰˵̫ˡ
ǣȻӺһ۾ܿǸˣǲ仯ġѩ֣һ΢Ц
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ŹˣֻǾӺ˼ҪǱƶǿ֪ǻһʲôı顣ѩЦ𾪹ܿͻָ
Ϊô䣬һ㣬еǸ㡣
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Զǵģ
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𣿡ѩŪ䣬Ц
ˣˣϲˡû˵Ȼһһ߷Ůʣþ
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ȥ˭ˮˣ˵ѩŮʰһۣȻͬʱ˵
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ܲ㣬ȥ̫ϻˡŮʶҲԽԽûˡ
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㲻ƭҰɣŮе㲻ŵĿ㣬ȷ˾ò˼飬ֹںģ͵޷Ƶĵز
ǸʱֻٵԼûԺԼָܻģ
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ߣŮ֮󣬾ͺ˵˵ĶǶѩ򣬶Ƕ㡣
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ⲻΪ˭νһҪԭŮʵĲѾλöˣҪλûҪһ鷳ᶫ
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Ҳֻһʱĳ嶯ⲻҪϧӵеÿһ̣ǲǳ嶯ҪϧȻԭǳ嶯ǾͺĪ

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С裬槼ԱûУڲ֮ϣֳһˮС
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СȻһ㣬٣СϱͬĶΪ
槼ԣ΢ЦţС˵
Сɻؿ㣬ϣ˫۶㡭
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Ե㣡΢Ц
㡭Сɵϣ㣬С꣬һЩ
С쵰ʱﶺŪС£Ůе㲻˵
ҪСˣҪ槼ڣҪ˷ʮ£ػص


ãɷ﹬дŮʵҽ֮

ϣ֮󣬾ϽҪ
ȥҳȥûҵ˭ܽŮʵıŭ˻ȥһκĶԻ
С쵰Ͳһ㣬ŪҺʹ
Ѿˣ̣Ĥ˾ͺã
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֪ˣŮ˾鷳Ϊܼǿû뵽Ů˲ࡣ
С쵰Ϊ㲻ͻȻ㣬ԺҪʲô£ûԸҪңҾҪ㣡



396 ߼

ȻߵŮ㣬ֱ۵ѩ޹ͿЩֵҲ֡
Ůе㲻ǣмŮ⿴Լ
ʲôЩѾͷʲô
ŮЩ˵غǼŮһ£ЩŮ̽ĿҿˣҲһջֵҲ
С쵰߰ɣȥǵĸĸŮʶźо·ԼжӰ˵
仰˵е㺬ŮǵˣѾ˵ǵĸĸˣһ׷ҪȥĸʲôϵͲ˵ˡ
ιŮˣôо·еŤĸоҪ˴ܵĻҪ·ѵУȻᰭ¡·˵
֪ܣͲܰʵһ𣿡Ůû˵
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²ҪˣҴ˺òãԵܵܣҪˡŮʺ˵
ʱŮʵĻĻͻʹ˵ֻʱ˶ûȥŮʵĻǿ㷢
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ˣǲҪ˵Ӣٷ绹ԣ˵ʲô̫Ǹˡ
ͬʱҲڣԼΪʲôûȫҲڵڻûзԼŮʵ·ʲôЧ
ϸ۱ȹκ˵Ƥ·쳣߹ĶʣЧһǾԲһһô򵥡
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һ·ϣ㱻ѩŮ֣˾УǰʵڵĹȥ
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ֻǣʱȻߣǲ˿Լǲ䣡
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397 ⽮
С쵰վҲ˯ţǷˡŮšû˵
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˯һҹû˯û˯㵹ãŹ˶ðָ˯ˡ˯˯
Ůһ˵ţһֿʼŪ¶΢΢Ц⣬ǲֺ

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̫ϻʵͬĬǵ뷨ͲͬˣǲѩУľȡ
ȣǾŮʵΪЦ⣬Ǻܾöûпģ׶ҲǲˣѾʮˡ
ʮŮһֱĺޱ仯Į飬˿ģ˵ģһߡ
̫ϻҲܹŮʣ뿴ЦݣֻȴʼûЦһ˻λҲһĮûκεı仯
ȻڳҲЦϸĵ˶ᷢЦݺܼ٣Ƿĵģû뵽ȴ仯ϳʵЦ⣬һ˵Ŀ֡
⶯ҲܵģȻ֪ЦСҲе̫ǿˣվ˯˵ѩӱôŪҲѡ
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ΪȻ֪Ů֮ǰìܣìܡ
޳˵ǵĹϵֻˡŮʺܲػصŪ㣬ʱҲ˵Ҫ飬Ū㡣
Ůˣ֣˯ռұˣ㻹İҵţһһΣͻȻ۾һŮʣڳ˶ûע⵽ѩ֣ôһС
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ʱʳһ˵⣺ҿյһһٸҺˣǻʵۣ𡣡
Ұôô󣬻УǸĽǧѰȻһ᲻˵ġŮֱ˵⻰İıһñ
ֵǣΪʲôҪ˵ĽǧѰأ
㲻˲ҵ飬Уƾʲôҵ㰮󣬲ҪΪԼǻʵ۾ôĻҾҪˡ˵ţеŹ֡
ȻŹˣ˵ֲŹˡ
ҾˣܰôŮСƢˡ
㣬ͲҪˣˡѩһεףŮôͻȻϲⰮҲ̫ˡ
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С쵰Ūʹˣ֣
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Ҫ
ҾͿֵ˶ãᶼˣ֣
ͲҪ

ס֣ôͻȻˡѩ򿴵̾ͽҽŮʵһŵ˷ֿ
ߣС쵰ҼסŮʸű۵ؿ㣬һ۸ӡ
ۣװǱɵġ
סʲô㻹뱨ҪˣȶֵġһԼ˵ʵڵģŮ󹦶ǿ󣬾޸֮ŮˣҲпԽʹ
ߣŮʵһۣŽ飬ͻȻ̫ϻʵ˾ȵ
С쵰Ҷˡ
ƣ˯ŵʱ򣬿Ҳú㣡
Ůʺִ˲ƣѾ´ˣҲף˯ŵʱ۸ġ
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С쵰ߣҵţŮǰ棬Ǽ˵
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㻹ΪŮҪ֮սΪûбҪôĶֻҪڳĴ֪Ϳԡ
ûбҪ˶ȥŮ˵һ¾ͿԣҪǣûбҪô󶯾
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ţָʥ֮ǵĳţǻʹ⡰СǡĳţͬʱҲһţ֮ϣŵĹ㳡
۹£䣬شϢҪأȻֿ˵顣
ֻҪϵĴʱʥ֮ǵ˻ۼۼʹǰĴ㳡ϡ
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һãе˶Ȼ󲿷ֻǻ飬ֻЩ£߿߿ˣ߾ЩòӦôһ̵ˡ
Ҫе˶ǳ潫ܻңһСҲѾ㳡վһ·ռˡ
£ԲС£ԶԣˣǷǳĶ࣬ܿͽ㳡ȴŮʵĳ֡
ΣҪϯҪһľϲǶĽŮ˵
˽¸ҾͺˣﻹҪе֡
Ҫȥȥ±ĺˣһоϲġŮصЦ
㿴ŮʣȻ󿴿ѩ򣬷ѩҲһãȻӣ֪Ҳ֪ŮʵҪʲô
ҪĽѵҾλأ²
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߰ɣԽԽãͬˣ滹һ仰û˵ǾǣԽ࣬ͿԽ࣬Ҫزˡ
ˣ
ֻǣԸԳķز
ֻпŮʵҪʲôϢ


398 ܣ
С쵰̫ƽǰʹŵ·ϣ֣оŮͻȻ˵
ôˣͻȻĻȫͷԡ
Ϊʲôϵĺӡʧô죬ҵĵڻе죿Ůָеʼɵ˵
û취˭̫ˮ˵㣬ô𪣬ҪҸոտһ£Ͳе죬ǴĺףֱӵĿ佱ŮʣͬʱҲֱӵ˵һ仰
ʹ͹ˣûбҪŪˣʵƤ֮ʱʹģ

С쵰˵ǲһҪлл顣Ů˵
ţûȷӦллңȻڵӾͼˡͷˣǲ飬Ůʡ
㻹ˣŮûšֱۡ
ŮˣͻȻɫ
ʲô£Ůɻؿ㣬ôͻȻ
ôСˣ㻹ĮһɣҸоҵ鷳ٵ㣬ٲճˡ˵

ŮʳĬһ˵С쵰СľͷҾô㲻ϲͲҪȢѩ򡣡
㣡ѩ򲻸˵ؽһ飬Ҫͷ
òݺߵһֻ밲߾Ϳԣ̸ۼޣû룬ֻ᲻Ը⡣
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ʱѩ㣬Ҳ֪˵ʲôпԲ³ôġ
ȢȢѩ򣬺֮飬ûйϵѵҲϲ㣬ͲȢ˵ˣҺûеֹϵҲŮѣ뿪Ҫоо˵˵ѩ˵Ѿһܺõ˵
Ѿûֱ˵УǰֱӾܾ˵ҪоͱʾԼŮѣҲеоˡ
ȻĴѩǱҲûа취˭ϲһˣԸľͷһٶ۵Ҫ
ҪѩްĻҲǿԵģѩҲһȽϱŮӣѾ˼ˡ
ʵŮӣԸҲὥɱ
˵֪ˣǵùϲŮӣҪô񾭱Ƚϴģ⣬ҪôĬĬߣûκԹԵġ
Ҫмһģܲ㣬뿪
㻹˶ʼɵ˶ЩŮӣ˵ǣ֪ΪʲôЩŮӶԸߴţȻǷḻʣиɡ
ܣѣ飬ѵѡ
˵ĻЩһŰɣֱӲţȴˣҺʡ
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㿴ŮʣȻȴоûж⣬ҲֻҪԼһϲ
ˣ˸˾ϲǾˣܵõôͿԡ
Сһ֪ҪôŮûĺһۣ˽⣬Щôһ˵ģޱ䣡
˵ıԣֻӦõһݣоԸģҲǾӣܾԸĺôȻʲôıĻǾͲҪҲˡֱӵ˵òе㾯ŮʲҪ˼
ҲԼļֵۣʲôԣ
Ҳǲԣ
ȻֻԼ˵Щ˽ˣ䱻թˣͻŮʵĻСԣһѪһ޳ܵѪ
ԸĽıŮͻȻıֺų⡣
ֱ֣ӵ˵ʲô˵ģŮʵ˽⣬Ӧòⷽǿġ
ѵ˵Լ˽Ĳ࣬ţһԼһѣ׼ȷ˵һ춼ûе
ʱ㻹ڻʹ档
һֱô֣㲻˵һŮ𣿷費𣿡ŮЦ˵˵ԼǷŮˡ
ţͷ
ߣŮʲ˵šһ㡣
ιιԼ˵ģҵͷѡ
ߡ

˲ʱ·϶죬ƢŮһ㣬ʱҲᱨֵɿʱѩͻ˷ֿ
ѩ򶼲֪⵽ôһ£ΪʲôԼĽͻȻ㻹ȫ֪ʲôбܼɣ⡣
ڣŮʵʱ˻ʹ֮ϡ
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ûע⵽֮ϵʱ򣬱е㳳ֵĳ棬üžˣȫûȥעŮѩ
Ҫˣڵװ磬Ȼ֣ѩҲһ㣬ǴҿôˣҲûͻ
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ֻǶЩȴûע⣬ΪЩΪŮ˲ŰŮӿ˵Ǻġ
Ҫ˵Ǿ仰˼˰ء

ͻȻȻˣΪ˶ڡޡлѹʼʱϵˣ˭
ˣݣȴûһ֪
ߣҲӦС쵰ԺԲȻЩŮ˶޲ðˡȻŮȴܸоЩСϲ
Ϻˣӱ˿֮ǰҪ˿ӡ
ŪĿУʱȫʧˡ
һ죬Ůʵʾάİ취
֮涼
죬ôҪһ飬Ե۹ǣж˵һҪ飡
ŮʵƮ㳡Ŀռ䡭
΢ЦţȴŮʸĽȴľϲţԼԳΪ⽮Ϊز࡭
ֻǣϣͱɫ
ҿǽ𣿾Ǿˣȴûϲѩץңܣ


399 
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һֱѩѾʼˣͷҲûеĻصΪʲôң͸㿴㣬˰ɣҪҴӦûţ
Ҿ϶ˣˡŮ׷ȥһߴе
ݶŮʺǰȻ˵ŮˣǿûҸģõҵˣҲõҵģ㻹İɣ
õˣҲǳ飬վ֪𣿡Ů˵ûôߵݶҲͣԭ
оеУǶγϵĶԻҲĳ˾ѧӰеŶΣڵı飬ͷŽΨһͬľһѩСϸ
ͬʱĻҲܷϣ㳡˶Ů㣡
Ů˾úУָ߸ϵľһӲˡ
ȴ֪Ϊԭ򣬶ΪǣŮ˾еı֣ΪеǸС쵰
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Ϊʲôᾪȣ
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˶ĵģϲ˵ûģҲ֮顣
ƮƮȻʱĻеͷԣ֪ŮҪʲô
ӢۣȻҪŮˣһŮ˾ͲҪ룬ǵ۹Ĺ壬ҲһҪ룡
仰ЩյĹС㣬Ůһˮ˵ǵϣǲҪ롣
˵ҲѾˣҪǺйأ
еҪŮΪŮʾͻѩĻ£ȻٸԼһأͺˡ
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ŮʲôʲôʲôҶ˵ˣѩһûеһһ±׹ĵطȻû˵
˵ĲѩˣǵŮ΢Цš
ʲôûжоҲ˵ĴʳֵĴ̫ˡ
ǻʵ۵Ҳ˵ҵŮʻ΢Ц˵
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ҿǽ𣿾ǾˣȴûϲѩץңϿܣ
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ԼΪʲôẦ£ԸôӦΪʵۣҲˣֺοǺһϲ˳ס

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Ҳ⳼Ŀֱ׷㣬òԸ񣬲Ŀ˵ģе
Ҫʲôѵôǰƻ𣿡ҲеŮֲһеԸϧĸоΪҲˡ
ԭһֲ䡣
С쵰㻹˰ҿǵ۹ĻʵۣȢңǱ˼Ҳ벻顣Ů̧ͷû˵ʲôƵġ
˶ãִӸӢ۱ʼĸˣڵӣȷеĸо
˵ԽˣԽ
УҺòƲʶһ죬ʱģ˼˰Ҳ̫һɣУһôģԼҲͰɱˣȴҪҳΪŮˣҲ̫һɣ
һ߼ܵ·ߣһߺֱӵĽе뷨˵˵Ѿ϶Ůַˣλеˡ
С쵰˵ҷ裬Ҿͷ㿴ˣѵŪǾл񣬾ʹʱ˿̣ŮʻʲôĻ˵
㳡˶ˣȫ⸱ĴģΪ۹ŮʣȻȥһСӳΪһҪϾл
˵ȥ˭ţ㿴Ҳš
ǣСӻԸΪһȨͨĵ۹ŮʵɷǶ˵롣
СӷǵܾˣһֱܾӺ͸ɴࡣ
Ůˣ㳤ֲѿԺеϲôҪıƻ飬ԺСļ޲ȥˣĻ̼˵ģҪ˵Ůݵˣͨ⻰Ҳðɣ㷭
ֻǣŮȴ˿û΢Ц˵Ѿ޳ȥˣԺھѾھлˣڳ˾ǹ֤ǻˣ㲻ͬҲһѾӣҵɷǵ۹ĵҲ͵Ǳƻˡ
Ůʵ仰ֱˡ
ԼѾˣû뵽һɽһɽߣܱ˵һλ
ƻ飬ٲӻټŮˣӦ˵𣡣
ڷӣ仹ȨƵķӣõİ취ܵԽԶԽã
㱧ѩݶ桰Сţܿʧ˵ǰ


400 뿪
סµķӣѩ㣬оһûķӡ
ڣǰĴԺУŮ죬˵Ż
⼸ŮǷƶˣ̸飬Χѩʻ
ΪʲôΧѩܼ򵥣ʱѩһֱһˣҪ֪飬ȻҪѩ
ѩȻʲôͻشʲô֪ЩŮӣԼûȨЩûС
֮󣬾ͿʼΪѯʵĶʲôⶼУΨһľΧ㡣
˵ĽǧѰʣʱúչ𣿻Уûǡ
ƶʣ̹ѩʲôѩ᲻չСô
ȵȡ
ѩʵеͷת򣬺ܶⶼʹü飬Ҳش˺ü飬еʹࡣ
ʹ࣬ҲԸ⣬ɳΪʵˣΪѯʵˣͱʾԼߣҪͨ˲˽⡣
ǾͲеҸ˵һ·ϵ飬Ϊ֮ȣͬʱĽԼ
ϲԼ΢Ц˵ڴϵ㣬С沶㣬СԣֻĽš
ϲ˵ѩӣҽͬʱչԼ˸Ľ
ϲ˵ϷŪǸŮΪβȻԼװж
ϲ
֮ܶϲĸооԼЩŮǰһԽУǸŮӶһģϲڡСǰ˵Ľ顣
ѩûֽĸоֻǺƽҸҲ۵˵š
˲žĽ֪һ£ѩദһʱźܶѩоҸ۵顣
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Դˣްͺֱӵʵǲ׷ɱ㣿
׷ɱҪиŮ˱Ȣ죬׼öһ´ҵ·ߣǾֱ֡˵ûж۵ʱ䣬ֱ˵Ҫ뿪֡
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ȴûйǲǻϹһǶѾ˽Ը񣬶ڶڹĵŮôͻȻȢ
Ϊʲô㣬컹ںɱģ㶼ɱˣ˵ڻʹǲǺʲô£ް
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Ҷ˯ܷʲô飬˵ѩһ϶ңǷŮҪ裬ҲûлᡣصĻѩһ졣
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˵ˣҸеëġֱ˵
ʲôеԵʵ
Ҫˣ֮ǷģǷסֱӾܾԵ
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С쵰ܵʲôطҶҵ㣬ϧκδۣ㲻ҪλҲһҪҵ㣬Уûҵͬ⣬㲻ȢκŮˣȻҾŹģ
ԹһʮֵļãŮ˷ʲô¶ó
仰ô˵ѾǺܷˣŮʾȻ˵ԼҪλǶô˼顣
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Ҳ֮Ļλ뿪ʹȥ׷㡭
ȻôҪ㣬Ҳ֪Լһ˵е۹ķ㣬ˣŮʣ۹ȥĵ
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һξ㲻ȥһ½ҲҪԶ½һطѩһĵطŰƽˡ
ֻǣ֮ǰ㻹Ҫȥһ£Ҳ½ϣһ飬һծж
ǽ֣ǶԼȥԵĻڼãҪٳˡ˵ξҪ뿪ˣЩŮӸԼܡ
㣬˵ʲôƶʵ仰˼ôҪԼЩ˲ټƵġ
ǶΪո˵ķֻ֣ʱԵģôҷֿ÷뿪ŮʵΧҲʥ۹ķΧ
쵰ǲҲˡҶ̶ֱӶ
㣬Ȼ£ֲ죡ֱӵ˵Ҷ̶һŭ׼ըҺ㼰ʱֹȻʱ򣬺ױ¶Ŀꡣ
ǣÿԺúǲҪһߣ뿪пʮ궼ص½һӶûбҪһ米ġ˵Լ뷨
㣬ٻ𣿡ĽǧѰʵ
ţҲ鷳ӣЩҲ湻ˣ蹻ˣʱҰ׵ˡ㿴գ΢ЦţֶӵԵ¶
ŮǶûпӣѩȻĸоҲҪֻǼȴô˵ġ



401 Ů
ڲûش𣬷ǻʱ䣬ȫȻؼȥΣȺͼ˵һҪȥһ£ʱһǵļУͷŮڳ˼΢Ц˵
Ů̫ҲԺڣľǶ࿼һ£ԼҲҪȥҲҪµʱ䡣
㣡ѩıϣẰ
ʲô£
ǲҪ㣬ҽڰ˦˵Ҫѧ似Ȼսһ֮ǰȥĺǣҶҪһ𡣡ѩ㣬Ǽ˵
˵ʱץסֱۣӣ⶯úϤС㣬òᡭ
ǣѩһҧֱϡ
ҧʲô֪ǲʹҧѪ
ιιѪˣ
˵أȻ㻹ʲôҵȻһˡԹ
û㣬ǡû˵
ģѩ۾һû뵽ôر仹ЩŮǰΪԺЩŮ֮Ҫˡ
ĲԴȴˣΪʲôѩԲÿǣǾҪǣѵΪǾͲԸ㣬Ҫʱ
⼸ʱ䣬ѵû
˵ʱȴһ˵شѩ⣬ѩһеƣŮ;ġ
Ȼģ˶мˣûУԣ㲻Χֱӵ˵
һѩദУ֪νܼѾûǣˣԶѩû˼ɣͬʱҲϰѩԼߣҲȥ
һ죬ѩԼҪ뿪
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ҧžúˬǹʹŮ˰
ƶ濤ǻذ޳ǣС꣬ǶǵģĽǧѰһߣºһȥҵĹҲǲܡ΢Ц˵ֻҪԸ⡣
ţĸŮͷ濤ʱ򣬶ûзԵ
С죬ԸĻͺѩһߣʵûбҪΪô࣬Ҷûжչˣֻͨѵĳ̶ȣûеΪҷһЩĳ̶ȡ㿴żС죬е㲻˵
СȴǼҡͷ˵ţбҪҪү⼸ſûгɹ
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쵰أǲǰˡҶ̶С죬Ĺĵ˵
˵ҰҲԣ㵱Ȼǻط㲻ÿǵ⣬㲻ҵĹֱӵ˵
ˣ˵ҲǣңҡҶ̶Сóһ㡭
ȵȣⶫͻȻҶ̶ߣһҶ̶еĶŶоš
һΣҶ̶óĲըһƷ
Ҷ̶𣿡ʵ
ȻˣҿǱ½ΪŵŮҶ̶Ժ˵š
𣿡ٴʵ
ϻãҴʲôأ㰴Ϳʹãǵãû˵ĵطҶ̶ʱֿʼ˵ⶫʹ÷м仹˵ԼôŪģһҪ佱ӡ
ţܺãû뵽㻹ֵܰý
ߣǵȻˣҪʲô
ͽⶫ͸ң
ǽû㿴ˣҵı
Ķ㻹Ҫû˵п𣿡
ҲܣֻһˣСǼˡ


֮ǰһӾʧˣձúǢȻ
Ҫ֪ŵʲô
һǵõҶ̶ֱʱҶ̶˵һħڸСĸ˵ħǹĹ˼
Ҷ̶ѾʵˣòСħǹ̫ˣҪҶ̶ҷҲŪĶ۸ߣоĳɱȻҲߡ
ⲻò˵Ҷ̶ȷһŮ档
Сǣ
ţǺҲУ似ħ̫ԿˣҾ͸Ҳ˼ѣôǲǺܹ԰Ҷ̶ϣõĿ佱
ţܹԣͷ
ǲһϸأҶ̶û˵
ǣҵġȴûԺ
ߣѾƨɣֻɷ˵طѾˣҪˣȻһҵıըȥҶ̶СߵͬʱҲǺܼᷴڡ
˵ĻҲǻҪȢޱˣزΣǵطҪȴܲ˵
˵ءһȺŮͬʱߵ
ԣǾӦö԰ޱ𣬼εŴҵ棬ץزһ˼£Ȼޱºܲ⡣
ǣĽǧѰȴ⣬ΪӦȢ˰ޱҪ԰ޱ𣬶ƶĽǧѰӰ£Ҳ
ԼĻԼٷְٲ޸ˣ͸ˡ
˵ޱ֣ŮʵԸС춼ץˣôûץޱ
ޱѩĺѡ
ıţһֱǸŮҲûа취ްش
Ŷ˵ЩˣǿɣҰһЩ˰뿪ͻȻ⣬ȻǴ󺰡
ιҪ͵ˣﱾˣ
ŮǺĿ㣬Ϊʲôſһ˵Χ󺰣ѩ׻ᷢʲô˶֪
ٲǷ٣ߵŮǸǿò˫˶ʼɼĽϤ׳ˣϴǡ
ϴǵĳ֣һȺҲ֣֮λһ˵·漷

ƶ˺ܲףЩǴðġ
Ⱥһ͵ҲôųҼҵЩŮԱ


402 ֱ
٣Ҳûа취İǵĺڰ˵㣬Ҫʱ̱һϴ޹˵ͬʱ⻰ˮ档
һ⡪
˭Ǻڰ󣿡ܺʵû˵ʲôڰ󣬲ҾУô
ߵѩǵĺڰ󣡡
ϴ˵˵תͷһߵͷѩ
ǺڰǲǸ˶ôܺմϱߡеüԴе㲻ˡ
㣬Ҳǹڰģ㲻Ҫѩ򿴵ӣе㺦£Լڰ硣
Ҳһѩ뿪ʹ֮󣬵ڣôʱ䶼ûϢʲôطһЩʲô顣
ڴ𰸾ڴ˽ˣѩӵʱֲȥ鷳㣬Լɵ鷳ѾˣطԼԺЩʲô
ͬʱΪ֤Լ֤Լ԰㣬ЩϴӴ˺ڰ硣
ҪѩƽʱǰǰǿƵĴڣֶȻȽºͣҲƾƿڰ磬͸ط
⼸ʱڰ˶֪һصĺڰԼٶȳɳţ֪ڰݣ˶ö֪ˡ
ֻҪ㣬ҲΪĸÿζңΪˣҵģܣѩץе˵еˡ
Ҳ֪ҽڰ磬Ҿ룡
ȻˣҲûа취ԺҪܺڰ飬Щ鲻ʺЩŮӡѩ֣˵
٣ʲô˼ѵڰͲŮ𣿡Ҳˣ⼸ϴУһŮġ
ǲУŮ˺һģʺϣЩŮˣʺϡֱӵ˵ԣǲԴŮ˿ԣߵŮӾͲС

ˣЩ˸Сһ㣬ҼЩŮˣҾǺÿʱ򻹺ֱӵľ档
ţֺѩ򣺡Ϊʲôкڰ󣬺ڰߺڰŮһ㡣
ѩͷûлش
٣һľͷ⻹Լݡ
ңŶԭˣֶЩϴһεл
ллǰչһᱨǵġ
ģЩϴһˮȻ˵Ƕ֪һϲթˣҲ֪ˣֻҪ˵óڱǾԲһĶ
ҪҲʣһʡܲ˵
ҪȻҪ٣ģǻǰȫͳȥЩϴ˵
ˣǾˣǰһ£ǡ㽫жƻϴǣԼȥţſʼŮǵ
㣬㵽ںڰʲôݣްڵʱ򣬽ҶҪ֪˳
ҲûʲôǵСĴһͷΪĽӰˣ˺ڰһʲôȨûеػش
ŶԭֲѩкڰǲǺڰ𣿡濤˵
㣬ֻģûжãڰ˻ЩеĹԱ̫ˡȻ⡣
ˣ㣬ȥǲҪȥϾѩһЩãŽıòƺһ䡣
ҲǰɣҪҿ˿ʣϾҩúõ̸̸ƽ˵
ϾҩꣿѵҩйأҾ;Ͼе֣Ϊʲô˹ҩ꣬֡Ҷ̶̲廰һǹעſ˿ȡ
ҩϾ֮ǵʱû¿ʱģİҩҵ䷽ص
䷽һʳѾ˾ˣ㻹ܸһϾҩ˵ϵ׻ж䷽ȫң㱣ܡⱾС˵ĻȴٵС껹ǵͷûκλ
μȻСлǺܹ㣬ֻȴһֱûк˵ǰû˵
Ժٸ㣬ʱҲûУΪ½ĵһ̡΢Ц˵
Ϊ½һ̣ٿ㡣
ǰⲻϣô˵ҲҵδޣкôȻҪˡ㻹⡣
ҲǣδޣȻҪˣ㲻ãδޣӦߣһڴ½ٶ㣬ҧ
㣬ҲҪ߰ɣԸǽ㸸׵ĳɼȥǼ壬ֵܹܰ𣿡㾪ȵʵһֱЦӶѹϵƺҲһ
ףô֪Щ飬ѵҲй𣿡ٺ
ĽǧѰھǵǸʱһΪЩû𣿡㿴һߵĽǧѰ
ҲǣٵͷʵҰȢŵ£ѾǲܵģǼȻҼҵĲƲǵģᱻǰܹ⣬һôʲôϲôܾôܣҲ뵱Ǹˡ
ţ㲻ǸˣңĽǧѰͷͬʱ˵һʵ⼸ѾҵЩƲתƵˣֵܵҲôһЩȻһӻˣǰһ£ͻڵӣƵ꣬Ҫˡ
С
ЩȻСĽǧѰ֪ҼƻҲСμӵķݣ濤С죬ްЩˣͲ֪ˡ
ǵģԱүүһĶϺüУֵܹ˭ٺܲм˵
ҪԼôıǮѾˣǲܳɹǾԼ⡣

ôҲӦҵĹ˵
ţʱ򣬴ҿҪʱһֱû˵С˵С꣬ǹ˵仰
С꿴㣬֪ʱҪ̸ʲô
С֣ԺӵһߣȻһ˵
˶С꣬ǿ˵˼仰Соͳˮ˹СǱߴվš
ºҴԺ΢Ц˵Ȼڰˣһ뿪


403 
С꣬˵ʲôôˣǲ۸ˣ
뿪֮ĽǧѰСߣļᡣ
ǧѰ˵˵С걧ĽǧѰſļϿš
˵ʲôˣС֪۸ˣҲС޳ӣĽǧѰ˵ͬʱҲʼοС꣬ģǵ飬ˣίġ
ûУû۸ңһΣû۸ҡСҡһͷҭ˵
ûУĽǧѰɵ
ţûУС΢΢ͷ
ΪʲôޣȻûУǿʲôŵԼΪС˵ĵĻľͷ
ҿģС˵ֻϻһˮ
ĳӣѵľͷˣĽǧѰſС꣬˵Сֺ꣬
ûпϣһľͷСصһ֮⣬ȴǸҸ
ţ˵ʲôĽǧѰе֣ô˵˵֣Ȼûпϣôĳӡ
ĵʱ򣬲ЦǿޣǺܶ˶֪顣


С꣬ȻҲ֮ĸ鵽ʲôϲǸΪʲô˵Сꡣ
Ǹûй˼ɵģĻжٵĴ̼ôѿҲһϲϣܻڼңһȥҺҵĹҶĳŵ
У֪ΪʲôӣѹҲۣ

ȻĻľͷȴֱӵ˵ԼĸܣѾ㹻ˣҪЩĻҸˡ
СֱҲֹסһֱᣬһ߷ĻڻԺл
ľͷȻҲ˵ĻС꣬˵ҪŶĽǧѰСĺ󱳣С˵š
ţҾʹû˵ĻˣС꣬Ҿöʼɰްһζӣ˭ֻ֪ǵеĽʼɡ
ţŮͷʾͬ⡣

һУŮ֪һ£ԼеλãһСߣܻһ㡣
֪һ죬ԼҲǺСһƲ֣˵ֻ˵һ£ۡ
ҲммˣõĹգҲܸıһʵ
СͨŮ۵ŮȴͻŮӵİΧɹУռһϯ֮ء
ʵһҲҪҪһ˵ģһּ˵ȴֱȥ֤顣
Щ콫ߣ˵˿ԣԼ󣬾ͻвͬı׼ЩˣⷽǺõ̫̫ࡣ
Ҳ˵Щ£Ҫȥ˵ֻҪȥ˵컨׹Ҳûһʵ򵥵жЧ
ˣǣӦˣҷֿԺҪúҪڣͬʱҲҪźƶʱ򷢻Ҵ˼лѣͬʱʼŴ뿪
ֻǣмһˡ
Ҷ̶أ
ףڣ
ǰ
ոնڿС꣬ûעӦòԶɣôڡ
һӣŮǾ˵ţŮҶ̶ӰȴôҲûҵֻΧϴǡ
ûпոպһģǸһСŮӣ
ո׷ŷ˰

ô
ΪʲôҪҪȥǿûȨţ˵Ǹŷ٣Լᴦġ
ȷûţֻǽҪͳȥǿ˲뿪ȻҲ˰бҶ̶ȥ
ֻҪܼϣ߰ȫ뿪Ǿˡ
ô죿ĽǧѰʷƶҪ֪ƶĿ
ƶ룬˵ȥɣᰲŵģҲؼҵԭ򣬻вҪˣһҪȥҿ˿ȣ˿ȵȥҲһ¡
Ҷ̶˿֮սֻҪҶ̶ߵ˶֪ƶҶ̶ҲദôãŮ֮ûܵģ仹Ҷ̶ŮȻСƢأȴĻԣʲôͻ˵ʲô
ȻڶҶ̶˵˿ƺûôҪˣһҪÿ˿ѿһΣȥҲġ
Ҳ˵һĳ棬ܲȥ
ԣƶҲûйôˣոҲ˵ҪźҪȥ飬ȥɣҲԺûˡ
ʱŵ㣬ͣת桪

Ҷ̶һ·Сܹܵǰַؿڣһӡ
Ҹողǰħǹ𣿡
üȻʱҶ̶ħǹʱҶ̶ǱҪġ
ҡҪһȥһȥ˹壡Ҷ̶˵
Уȥ˽˽£ʱ򣬹ԹԵĻؼңҸ˼Ҽ޳ȥֱ˵һҪкЩڰ˳Ҷ̶ͻȥ
ֻǣʱҶ̶ȴԸˣϻȻԸˣȻôܳ
ҪҪ޸㣬ҲŲҪ㲻ҪʼȻһĽǧѰѵ㡣Ҷ̶С죬ܲ˵Щ

ĽǧѰĻҲ͵ڲˣΪ°ԼĽǧѰһ𣬶ҲὫĽǧѰҪ˸ߡ
ֻǣеôѾĽǧѰ״Ķ󡭡
ĽǧѰʲôոձץôͲ֪𣿡ȥĽǧѰҲ£ΪĽǧѰԸǿˣһίţĲˡ
ˣֻҪ㲻ˣԵ飬ĽǧѰҲǲġ
£һʲôµġУҪȥҪ˹壬㲻ңҾԼһȥҶ̶˵Ѿ㲻ҲҪһȥ
ˣˣһߣ·ϲҪǣε֪Ҷ̶Ը˵óͻõ
һΣԼҶ̶ߣʵҲûжӰ죬еôô˵ҶҵĴС㡣
߰ɣҶ̶֣ϳʤЦݡ


404 
㣬ȥҶ̶㣬ʵ
ȥƥǧΪߣҪȥһطױһ£ӳȥٷְٻᱻϳһ߼ǰţһص
ţҪĸģȻӣûǸŮˣҲҪķŮ˸ˡҶ̶ͷ
ոյʱҶ̶ŮǱһװһǸʱ򣬶ֻǺܿͻָˣϾЩŮͨˣʧ̬׵
˵飬Ҳһʱȥ㵽ô£ʱڷƶǱߣо
ѩΪʲôᴩȴǾú棬ԭϵ·ȻŮʵġ
ŮԼ·ϸ˴̬ȵȷе⣬֪ǷˣҪ顣
ûд·ĸŮҲ·һ׽ˡ
Ůǻ֪·ʵŮʶ֪ĻǾ͸ӿԿ϶Ů⡣
͸֪ˣˣ֪Ҳһȫ⣡
ǣǲ˧ûס˵
Ҷ̶ûзǵͷ˵ţ˧һģҵɷ˭˵˧ڲ˧Ӧý㣬Ҫ㻯ױŮˣһǸŮҲ㡣
вһˣҲװŮˣԴǵĽ
ҪҪװŮ˵ӣһҶ̶еζ
һȥңҾһߣʲô£Ҳۡڰ˵
㡭㡭Ҷ̶۷⣬׵Сҧ촽һﲻˣΪʲôңҲۣ
ûвã˵һŮӣǣµĺŮô࣬ÿۡ۾ǰ棬ҵǸ۵С棬ҲҪȥױĵط
ͶҺãң˲ùܣҶ̶ҲɴֱӣȫԼ⻰ж˽
ҶСƢԼжô˽ⷽ棬˶˽ΪʲôҪװ󷽡
ûţҶҵĴС㣬õ˲Ҫ̫࣬ҲţëΪʲôҪСΣҿɳܲ𡣡һ˵ţһ߼Сȥ
ҪҪҾҪҺãֻҪң˵ҲҪ㣬ӦԺԹԵ㻰ϲƨɾ¿򡣡Ҷ̶㣬أ˵
֮ŮǶûк˵ٻҶ̶ȻҲһڻкö໰Ҫ˵
ĻҪԹԵģƨɣ¿Ҳһ
㲻Ҫջҡ㿴źҶ̶˵ǰ۵СƨɣǴָУ֮Ǻӡ
̫ˣ
ٴһΡ
ջϲˣֻҪϲʹƨɺˣҲϲҡҶ̶еΣĶԼ̵Сƨɣ档
û뵽Ҷ̶ȻҲ˳ռһ±ˣһºСƨɼ¡
СɫŮ
Ҷ̶һһֺ˵
ţҶ̶еؿϣе㼱٣˫΢΢ԵĹâ
ҪҶ̶ΪУǾͷСƨĪҲϵģҲԴϴδ֮ͶоС
ԼֻҪ¾ͻеԣڱ˼£С·ھñ֮Ҳеȫ
Ȼоֻܸ裬ˣһСƨɣϾͻᱻըɵȥ
ǽ㣬˭Ҳĵط
ֻʱȴʶȤ˵һ仰
ιιҵɫǴС㣬ҪҲҪ﷢ô˿ء
ߣһ쵰Ҷ̶ȻĻʲô鶼ûˣȴȻϣΪ뿪
ֻǣСȭͷһʹԴ˵ߡ
ˣˣǽȥױץסҶ̶С֣˵
ҲҪױҶ̶һ飬ɻؿ㡣
ûػصϻ㵱ȻҪױˣҪǲױĻһͻὫұ¶
ŶҲԣҲ뱻ˣͲôϲˣٳһ㣬͸ϲˡҶ̶ί
Уʱ㻹˵ˣ󲻳Ҷһϲе˵
ͬʱ滹һ仰û˵ֻϲĳ̶һҲ˵һĲϲ
𣿡Ҷ̶۾һƺ˲١
ţҶһ˵ûжо˵ֻǻױѣӻҵǲġͷ
ҿԻĳһ㣬ǲҪ̫ˡҶ̶˵
ˣҵļôǿԡţ˵ţͬʱҲһ㣬ʲôÿĵģЦ
ûע⵽Ǿ仰˵Ҷ̶⻰ǺܶŮӵĻҶ̶λС㣬ֻҪͻܿġ
仰㹻Цóʱ䡣

С棬Ҷ̶
ιιЦòãڻױأʲôЦġ

Ҷ̶ڴЦţⲢΪĻڷЦΪӣúܺЦ
Ҳ˵ӺЦ߳ȥ˷Цֻʶˣӣ֪ĻȻһȻͻЦ
ЦСĵױˣʱͻᱻٵŻ
ŻңҲŲϵ㣬ӣÿɰøЦҶ̶ûбŵǼЦ˵
ɰˣҸոǹӣ֪öٱҿұǸŮ˸ˣˣȻ·ǰ
еԹС棬лױʱ򣬾ͿԼ֮ǰžԼ˺þá
ҿ̶ȣǿȥˣ
ǶԼ佱ϰߡ
ֻǣӣ˲ˬ
ţϼϵѵһߣȻͿʼҶ̶Լױط˿ģṩװĵط
ȻǿĻױҲȴûôĲϣԣͻĵطױ

ȥƥ
˶ʮӣСһһŮǴ滯ױҶ̶
ŮģҲҶ̶ȻǺഺȴѿҶ̶ױɵġ
еģҲ㣬ȴһô˵أǶӵһһֵĶ۶ӣ
һҲû˿Կ⻯ױȻ氡


405 ɳ
ۣô޻ǰ
֮£ͷȥһƬ߼ʵĻɳĮĮ֮ϣһСϵĺڵǰмƶ
ȻһСŲϣǽͷܿһСźڵʵһֻʮ˵Сš
СеһȺգ֮ϵĻͺܲ³СʵһС̶ӡ
С̶УԲˣС̶Ӷе㲻ˣһԿйʵŮ˵ĹϵʮֵУһˡ
С̶ʥ۹ĹؿڸģͬĿһС¡ҪĮȻǰġ
СȻе֣쳳ֵģȴõ˵ΣΪǾͽС
ΪʲôΪһ£ɺܼ򵥣һ㣬һ쵽һ𣬴ûзֿڳҲãǸŮٷҲãǺܿһ
Ҫһ㣬һ·ϣ˶˫ͬͬƥͬա
ڣ˾ͬһͷգŮĻڵӣȻ˳˸е亹󣬵ʱҲᰲܰĽ
ոǾпĻǸ߷ģ˳꿴ŵķ֮ʱ˵ɫˡ
ιιүʲô޻ǰҪпҲҪǻ˵Ķ
ɳ
ߵķɳ˳һ㣬ϮƷǷ
ɳĮУΪµһɳ˵Σյĳ̶ҪǧٱԽһеݻ١
Ȼǰû׼˵ûȥ׼
ǶһɳĮ֮еĻǾһϻ˵׶༪٣
ϽΧȦ˶Ȧ棡
գɳʱ򣬾ͻΧһ£ߴͣ壬ֵ񱩵ɳ
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ž֮Ǿͻӵϲ
ܿ죬СС̶ӾͽѸٸ㶨ˣҲǵԭҲΪ֪ҪͷԲŻ˸ߵЧʡ
ʮˣϼΧɵСȦϵԼϡ
ɳǰȦӵȻԽСԽãȫϵϰȫǾͻȫ
ЩЩʱȴֻеĿŷ羰һֹһ
ҵүС㣬ʲôǻĲ
̶ӵӣ˽е˾ǸŮˣ֮ϣɳƵġ
ţûɳŮǰţȫûж˼
ǴҪһⲻɶķ羰ŮţֻҪڣͲκε飬ңŮΪĻвȫģǿ籩꣬ﶼһİȫ
Щ֪Ů뷨˾֣Ϊ¼󲿷ֵŮӣԼİ˶һäĿţԽԷͻԽŶԷͬʱҲڶԷĻΪȫġ
һ˵Ů˵ĻǵıܷۣΪȫıܷۣܸǰȫеĵط
Ȼǲİȫֵо
ֻ뷨̫˾ˡ
찡ʱˣ㻹羰
ЩĻһشʱܶִڼΣյԽΣյģԽ
ɳȻޱȵΣԣǲò˵ʱɳʵ̫׳ˣһµƣ˸оȻǿС
ͬʱҲʧ񱩵֮¡
ΣյĲǺܶ࣬ĳ˾֮һĳ˵Ը񣬾ֻҪһ̣Ҳȥܡ
ʱɳһʱ䣬ʱеˣǿԼһ£
ллģǲҲԵ޹ȥʱ˵ʱ̣ǻȥģһҲ⡣
̬ȣԸѾ֮ˡ
û㣬УͬһͷյŮȻҶ̶
˻ױ֮󣬾ͺ׵ģҡڵģģŮʵΧ֮뿪ݹʡһ·ͨʥ۹ı߹ء
ڱ߹صĸҪǰ̶ӣɳĮ֮Уһ˾ͶһչˣǾͺǽС
ʵҪΪ鷳ɳĮҪչҶ̶൱鷳ȥ鷳ˣȻҲԷӦĺô
˵Ѹ˵ڣǰ
ֻǣ̶ӵƷ񲢲ǺֵǮҲԣϲ˹СèСֻҪ¾ͽҲûʲô鷳
һԭ򣬾Խ̶ӣԼݣ˲ע⵽ԼˣιصʱЩҲֻ˼䣬ȻԼòͬͷˡ
ʲôò
Ȼòڿʥ۹ҪҵܵˣŮԸ⣬ҲԸ⣬Ҫͻȥ͵Ůʵߡ
Ƚܵı˵ɣھ͵һʺһ۹Ļʺĸ۹ˣԼĻʺӻ飬һܡ
УŮҲûԸ˼ڵǲΧҪԼĵץ
Խʥ֮ԽԶ׷̲ҲԽԽ٣ҲΪֵĹϵɣϾٶˣҲôķΧܼ
̲ҲܹŹ֣ȻֱӱԼ֣û˼Щ˿㣬񣬾;ֻһͬͬյ㣬׵ķȥ
Ϊ˵ԽֱӳϣòǣΪĻǾͲӦ˵Լ㣬ȻĻкαأ
ºҶ̶㣬ΪʲôҪֱ˵֣Ļشǣɷвգ
ǿɣ

㣬Ҷ̶ڿţɳϮ˵һһ˵Ļ
ȻǣһˣһˣҲ˵Ƿˡ


406 µ
ҾòӦ˵һƣ˵⾰ɫǮһ㣬еǿ񱼵ơ
ҾҵıըһҶ̶˵
ˣۺһ˲һصֻˣԼҲǲˡ
Ҷ̶ȻҲһ˲һȻҾͲҶ̶ˡҶ̶Ŭת㣬˵ţҿҶ̶Ŷ
û˵Ĭϣⷽ˵ʲôΪҶ̶Ѿ϶£ô˵Ҳãһı˵뷨
УڵҲûȥҶ̶ҪѵõĻᣬѵһľɫ
ֻö̶ӳԱȴƣڶʲôʱˣǻֻȣƽʱͼǳֵģʱ򷴵ʼܰ
ˣ˼ҶˣҲѹˣôôԼ޷ֹҲûȨȥֹ
̶ӵˣ˵ʲô׼ȥӭӼɳĮ籩
С裬槼㵽һ㿴ʱˣͽҶ̶һ߼ϵС˵
СĻ֮󣬾굽ĻѾϤˣѾһˣÿ˵ʱ򣬾ͻ㻳Ϣ
ǵǻ۱ȵϳˣȻǰΣգʱƤС꣬ҲзԵ˼
˵СϣǺܹɵģʲôͻʲôûзԹԭҲûȥʹ
֨֨ССԴ¶棬СצӣǰҶ̶һ飬Ҷ̶̫㡣
ʱҶ̶ҪϣֻȴСƻˡ
С裬ͬ¶һСԴֻǲͬûп顣
ɫŮҪҵµնȦյıϣγһСǣÿԵסɳ
ͺҶ̶Сյϡ
ⲢҪ⣬һ𣬵Ķˣһûʲô⣬ֻҶ̶̫Կˡ
Լߵ˳ԿɲԸԲҶ̶棬ȻҶ̶棬ȻҪţѵҪҶ̶һ棿
㿿ϣɳ֮ϣҶ̶ͱı֮£ؿڵСһμԹš
ΪʲôҶ̶ԭܼ򵥣ܰʱ򣬱Сƻ֮ȥֱŴС
Сֲô˭ϲСĳ̶ҪʤϲһίСܣȶöˡ
Ҷ̶ǳԴףͬʱҲƣԼλȻȲС
֨֨Сţòе㲻ˬͬʱеš
槼ԣҪˣȻϲ㿾⣡ҲûעҶ̶С֮ս˵һ䡣
֨֨ССһȻͰͬʱתſĻС

ʱҶ̶еˣλԼģȴΪСС꣬òߡ
˵Ҳ㹻ˣһǱ㣬һǿϡ
٣ֻһŮӣѩڵĻ֪ߡûķݡ
ӦûУ
Ҷ̶뵽֪УԼôŶŲǰ棬Ҫ˵ĽǧѰްѩԼС궼Ȳϡ
ҲΨһܱȵùģǸ濤
⻹Ϊ濤һֱûжٽӴһ𻨶ûУΨһϵǷƶ
뵽Ҷ̶;ԼίҲûа취飬˭ԼʶŮÿμ涼һԶԩңÿһһġ
ԴˣҲ룬ҲԹֻÿιԲ϶ãֿʼˡ
ֵĸоҲܺãԺһֱȥǸöá
Ҷ̶ɵ÷ЦͬʱԼһ£·ҪԼ棬֮һ㡣
ɵЦʲô㣬Ȼ¾ͻܣѵɳٵʱ̣Ȼյŷɳǿҵȴ˺ѣܡ
ţҶ̶Բ˼ȴĻȥˣ˼

ɳˣһӽеڸǣǱһҶ̶ҲõԷ˵
㻹һ㣬ǿõҶ̶ȫˣڵĶУȫǺХķȫڸˡ
ֻǣҶ̶ȴĻȫ෴Ķ
أɳɳӽ˵ڸǣһĶѻӽŵš
ǱȻһ̣Ƕ㲻ġ
Ҳδһ£ѻɳӿԸõıˣбΧһա
ԴˣҶ̶ûʲôоĻ˵ֻҪߣ㣬ܸеһĪ
ֻǣϵĲܴϵģأҶ̶ĺʼе㼱٣С壬ѾʼܲˣѾúѡ
С忪ʼʹ࣬ȻĲûио
Ҿ֪
оҶ̶ϵҲоɳһʱǲȻԼ취κε飬Ҷ̶Ҳһͦȥࡣ
ͷȥҶ̶Ǳ۾΢Цŵӣŵĸоȫͬ΢ЦҲ̲סˣ
ҪˣˣɫŮ
˵һ䣬仰֪ΪʲôʲôرһҶ̶Ȼˣ۾㡣
һ̡

Ҷ̶۾ôģ۾¶һŵɫ
ⲻΪ˱ģΪ㽫촽Ҷ̶Сϣ죬һɽҶ̶ĿС
Ҷ̶ڴʱ˿̣ȻСţе촽
ɳĽڸסûɳ֮У
˵磬ʱ򣬱úⲻǸоϵͬʱϵ
ʱ˶ûзκεûκεĶɳӵš
񱩵ɳУȴһܰĻ棬˶뵽Ҳš


407 ҶСѧľ
ɳÿ죬ȥҲ졣
ܿ죬С̶ڵĵطͱúƽʲô¶ûзƵġ
Ψһ˾øո·ļ󣬾̶ڵĵطѾɳڸǣγһСɳ
ոγɵСɳʮͷ¶棬ڴڵĺš
һɳŽٺĸоϧƽʱûȥעʿһ̣Ǹоرˬ
Ҷû°ɣ
̶ӵĳԱʼĵţҪ֪ǲ˶ڣ˶û£ȷ̶֮ӵʮﶼڣȫȻ¡
֪֮󣬴ҾͿʼппҿ˳ȹһѣͬʱҲʼŴɳ
ɳеˣҪʵǺѣֻҪͿԳҿɲҪΪɳ֮أҲֺʵɳء
ֻǱɳѻССɳ𣬲Ҫ˵ڣûУҲǺ׳
յĻ͸ˡ
ܿ뵽һ㣬սǴɳϳҪˣÿ˵϶ϵյ
Ƕþ֮󣬿ʼʱǲŻһЩ飬˵
үСأ
ʱ򣬴ҲҶ̶ǿ˿ûз˵Ӱ
ˣˣ
һ˽к֮󣬾ܵոҶ̶һĵطʼɳڿ
ǻΪ󣬽飬ɳ޷ȥˡ
ֻǣǺܿͷ֣Լǰ׵ˡ
ڿɳӵʱ򣬾ͷ֣죬ȵӵš
ⶼʲô˰ʱȣǴүС㣬Ȼʲô¶ġ
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һʱϲڿڡӻ顱һŮʵĻ飬ôʱҶ̶ΣҶ̶һըһƥܼҵΪҲñע⵽˵Ĵڡ
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ǣǣУгһÿ춼ӭĿˣͬʱҲҪȥĿˡ
죬ӭĿУһС̶ӣܲ۵С̶ӣС̶ӣÿ춼ϼʮӣͬʱҲߵʮӡ
С̶ӣҲעĵطҲΨһ˾òͬĵطǾС̶ӵм䣬ܹŮ
ͬһͷգǸܽС㣬ǿеĹϣ𪽿۵СֲָһߵǸӿĵš
˵ĵһоֻҪǹӵҾͻãһŰĶӡ
Ǻɫ֣ǿˣǺܶһˣ
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409 Ҷҿ
Ǽҹ˵ĽгеҪ̸̸ŵ˵
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ⲢҪ˷ֵȣҪЧĴ飬ͬ˸ͬ⣬Чʵġ
ڵĵطЩط̸ֲģȻЩţֱӳŴȥȻЩǰȻ˵
ţԼ˵ǰȻֻǱ˵ȴš
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ǵģʲô𣿡Ҷ̶صʱ˼ϣпȥˡ
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С̶ӵںڰԼôûзݣٶԻ쵽һ⣬Ҳõٵĺô
ֻȴˣ˭Լո˻˽ޣĻƾ·϶չˣҪôȻǿԵġ
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Ҳٽͣᣬ˵ҲǺҪ
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ǻ뷨뷨֮£ǡ͡˽ȴ


410 յĽ
Ҷ̶ôȥˣͻȻʧˣﶼ㡣
˿֮УҶ̶һȲ죬֮ܣĸо
ڿһ󣬲ûϳʱҲû̫ȤȥνҶҿ
ոյ˵ͨ;֣ôҶ̶ͻȻԼԼ˸Լҵ鷳⣬ʹ顣
ΣôͻȻã
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κˣ΢΢üѾоһЩģȷͬʱҲϸ֪
Ҫ֪ľһҪϾһ棬ϲ˵֪ľҪ֪飬ҪõԼ˵
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û˵Ͼ˿ϲͬһˣȻʼԴףϾ˽⣬֪Բ˿ȥκζϲˣҲǻĬĬһߡ
磬Ͼϲһˣֲϲ˿ȣӰ쵽ʼ˿ԽԽ䵭ҲǿܵģϾԸһжԿ˿ΪΪȥ˿ȡĻࡣ
ô˵㶼ڿ˿ϣԲ뵽ǳϾϣҲϾһΡ
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ѡһϾңǴȥѡ񣬾Ҽȥڿ˿˿ȣƽ˵
ΪҶ𣿡˿ɫøˣǰһٶᵽϾԽԽ̲סǻ
ͬʱҲΪûϸעĻҡˡǡΪҶ̶Լ鷳ֻġ
ʱţΪһүԼҶ̶ˣͿ˹ţҪҶ̶ǰԼ
ߣ̴ˣ


411 һ
ҴΪҶңҽҵ˹壬ΪҶ̶ĻǾʹˣʵϸոպ෴Ҫһˣ
ƽ޷ֱмʲôĸ飬Ҳ޷Ҫʲô
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ֻǣҶ̶ȴע⵽Ǳõı飬һŲţžȣе㾪źµı顣
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磬ж˿ᷳ˹ĴС㣬˭ŵһֵָֻͷĹ
֮һһµеΨһ
ѾˣԼΪʲôڿʱ򣬻ʶĸоԭΪԭ
˿ȡ˹Һ˵Ҫ飬ӶסοһССļС㣡һ˿ȡ
ڿеĻϽΧԿ˿ʲôΪ
˵˿ȿ㣬һģ૵˵֪ңǶңΪңΪҡ
ǺڣҵӦð֮ǣӦβҸڣҵû׼ʱȥӻǾûôʱദͲɽľ档
ڿ˿ȵУΪԭΪϾദ̫ˣ˲˷ͬѰĸ飬ŻɽĽ
ԭǲԼ⣬û

𣿾ǣ˵ЩҲû壬ȥϾЩ£Ҫȴܿ˿ǲĺڣǲˡ
˰ΧУһĲһ£ݱŮǴΣʵǲ̫࣬ǸʱԲ⣬οڡ
ߵҶ̶ˣȫһڵӣ֣ǰĿ˿ȡ
ʲô¿ңھԲټˡ˿ȵס㣬ѾϾ㡣
㣿Ҳ㡣ֱӵ˵
ֱӵ˵ÿ˿ҲΪ֮һ˸һ㶣Ƕûмֱ˵ˡ
˹ҹȥϾȻʲôҪûȾ档㻺˵
㣬㲻Ҫţô˵ҵļң˹岻ӣ˿ûаĻȥҲǺġ
ļңĵ̣Ĳţ֪ǺǿƵˣһֲĸ֣Ҳһͷ
ʵϣȻܳжʵûж֪˿ԼˣԼʰˡ
һ͹ˣ
ʵҲȫǵ͹ֻ˵ʵ̫֮ˣЩѾ鱨е⡰߹ٵģԼΪȫ׼ȴֻǵ͹ˣе׼˿ռӡ
ڣַˣ˿ΪȥֹΪ֮ʱȴ̷֣Ҳǲܵġ
Ϊһֱ̣˰Χе㣬ʮֹҶ̶ߣסʺ
һ̣ھ棬ԼȻûκεĶ
ڣǲǻҪ˵Ҳɱ㣬ȻȥϾֻҪϣҾҵõƽκθĻ˵ĶʱûκεĶǶͣһͺʩ˶һ
˿ǲҶ˽飬֪һʲô¶ˣҲ˵пô˵棬ĲŤϡ
û˻ԼЦǷӣȻ˿ȲˣҲϧԼ
ˣкܶ˶òǲ˲ŲϧԼ
ϧԼˣֵ֮ˣΪǺһЩ飬ûȥ
ڿǹһ֮󣬿˿˾ҧ˵ãҴȥ
ܺãǾ߰ɣͷſ˿ȣǰ·
ſûʱȡ˿ȵʵûֿſ˿ȵʺҲһһ˲佫˿ͽ
Ȼݣ֮Ҷ̶˿ߣ˺޷ӦܴţʹԶһ㣬Ҳܿһɱ
˿Ⱦ˽һ㣬ûֻǴȥϾ취ȥԸ㡣
ǲлᡭ
ſ˿ȵıȻ⣬ֻһˣֻǸſ˿Ȳι˹Ĵլ
һ㣬·˿ʼΪģֻǿ滤ŵı飬ݣͿõ鲢Ǳϵ
Ժ֮һоϺľСԺ֮ǰԺԺŽţȴû滹棡
֨
˿ƿԺţһŵСԺӳҶ̶֮ǰԺУһСԣһŮڶм䣬ŻеĻݡ
ⲻСԣһСҩԣһ۾ֵܿĶҩݣһһЩϡеģֲġ
Ů
Ͼ˿Ƚһ
Ůͣһ£ͷû̧е飬ͬʱһ䣺С㣬Ҫ˵ˣҲģ
ƺǿ˿һֱҪϾһ£ϾһֱûдӦʲô£ϾѾͷܾС顣
ȿߣҲһ˿˵ⲻ˵㣬ֻϾе㣬жҪ
Ůеɻ̧ͷԺſڡ
ӣŮеһУ㣡
һֻۣһֱۣܷѾװ㡣
˿иʧˡ


412 
ʵ֮£ڷУ˹ĴլУһСԺ֮С
һŮż˷ܵ飬߽Ժӣ꣬ʱŮһУҲһУʣµֻиˡ
΢ЦܹģҪ˵ЩʲôȴŮûͣ˼ʹѾܵǰŮûͣ½Ų
˵ͣ˽Ųֻûͣ
Ůһˣ˵ϡ
ӣ̫ˣּˣ֪һһŮһƺһУȻԭԸԭؾصģô˵ϻС
Ѿͷôˣôе㲻ˣŮ壬΢΢Цʵ
ŮĻ֮󣬷Ӧ֮󣬾ϴվһߵͷ˫ְŪ½ǡ
ӣԲҲǹģֻ̫ˣ
˵Բôûˣһ뱧أֻǱˡ΢Ц
ǣӿٱҡŮС˵ϳ˺Ρ
ã΢΢һЦؽŮڻ
ŮĿĻУ۾ڸ£
һռ·𶼱ð
ͻȻ
ιʲôϵ§§Ҷ̶ܲ˵ؿˣС̵ϸߣԹһСƿӡ
˵ֻһʱѾͷôȶҺãҵʱҲûıңҶ̶Сֹš
ôˣԴ𣿡ſϾЦҶ̶
⣬һŮҲûĿ㣬һ£Ҳ᲻ϣҲͷ
Ҷ̶ӦһŮӲһֱӵĵͷ˵ţҳԴˣ
ҶС㣬ҪᣬֻһСѾͷֻ̫ûмӲŻϾ̼æ˵ţԼƻҶ̶ĹϵȻе֣ôҶ̶һ𣬲һֹϵ
ʲôϵ
˹ϵϾǸѾͷȻܸоҶ̶֮ϵǳ
Ѿͷ㲻úͣҵǸ˭ֲܣǣҲֲ˹㡣ֱ˵
ߣ˵ǾĽǧѰƶǣҲֲСѾͷ๫̫ƫˣҶ̶ǶʼɵؿһϾ仰˵һ£ԺʽӣϾŮΪŮ˶ûȨȥСѾͷ
ȨҲ̫һɣⲻƫʲô
๫ϾɻؿҶ̶
˵һԸġˣѾͷһ¡ͻȻ࣬ôһΪҪ⣬ֻǡ
ôϳҵģӿǾĴģǰȫͬǹһױֻ֣ôϳһһ۾ܿ
⣬ҲڳĿ˿Ⱥ֪ģʳ֮ͿϾһȴŴ𰸡
ӣģϾָŵ֣һ򵥵ɴз
ûʹõ־ǵ֮ǵǸǸϾΪġ
У·ҲġܴͲҪ˷ѣϾʱ·ϵȻɫʵغܺãҲ٣ϵһ·еһ

йӣĽ

һӣϾ˵һһ㶼ԷģԼԲٴ޷졣
ЩҲֻϾ˵һЩϸڱ˸޷ûϾ˽͸ĳ̶ȣǲܿ
Ҫǣӣ۾ƭңϣֻ۾Ͼ˵
۾𣿡ɻʵ
ûУϾش
ô˵ֻҲУͲˣ۾˱⣬ûرĵطΪġ
۾رֻԼûע⵽ϾЦ˵
𣿡еɻǾһߵҶ̶ɫŮҵ۾˾ú⣬ʲôرģ
ҿʲôرģôһ㣬ûе˵ĳ̶ȣҶ̶˵
ĻţȻҵֱ˵ͶſеĽһ
֨֨
㡭
Сʹͣһ߼֮ϣǵϰߣͣһߣһһߡ
˵ҵ۾ʲôرģ
֨֨С˵
ţ槼˵ûСͷ
ԭİˡ
Ҷ̶ЩףոջΪϾֻ˵˵Ϥžеرû뵽м仹ôһ㡣
ʱҶ̶۾Ҫм䵽ͱ˲һ
ȿȣоҵ۾ˣ˵˵£ŴҶڣϾΪʲôϾҩ˹Ĳҵһҵ䷽׬Ǯ㻹Ǻƽţûжټĸо
һҲһʦˣһϢˡ
Դˣñе㾪źµĿ˿ȱƽֻܶ࣬Ҳ֪㲻ֻ򵥵ʡ
Ͼ˽⵽㲻ϲռˣռ˵ˣҪ˫Ĵۡ
ֻȴûô˹ּۻۣͬʱһҵϺܶ˶ŵ뷨ֻҪƳϾҩֻ꣬ҪƳҩЩģġ
ΪϾǼϾҩ˲֪ģ䷽ӵȨ˭ģҲû֪ͬʱϾϾŮ˲Ҳ޷֪Ǽҩǲ˿Ⱥ޹ϵ
ҲһΪһң˿Ҳзݡ
Ầ鷳ľţֻеѣ㣬Ī顣
˹ģģ˿ȿ㣬ƽ˵
û㣬ҲУǰôûз֣Ƥô۾˵Ϲһ˵ƽǲмػһ䣬˿һӾ죬Ҫ
๫ٶۣͿˣһαˣҲһֱϲҶ̶һ˵֪ǰ̼ԭᡣ
ţһֵ佱
ӣҶС㡭ϾеԼԭĹӼҶС㣬ǲЧʵڹﵽ޷ȥݡ



413 ѡ
Ͼ龭˵һ飬Ҫ֪ǲռҩ꣬ռҵ䷽ֹͣ˴̼˵ΪϾ˵ܳ˵ã
֪Ͼͷ˽Ը֪Щֻ֪̫࣬ҪмľͿԣϸڷ治˵
ͬʱҲоҲ֪ЩѹԼҲԡ
ʱϾߵĿ˿ȣʱݱúܼ򵥣ֻŮѡ
֪Ϊطһʱ˷ֳģΪ˿֮ѾһЩңѾǰֹϵˡ
ʱ򣬿˿ҲԸоһ㣬粻ƺ̼С
ʱһЩѾ׼ǵ˷һ̣Ҳô׽ܵġ
Ͼһ˼Ȼʼ˵µĿˣΪǵĹһʧ֢ҽ֮£ͷ˻ʰ˵˵κùĲͿԵõһŵ
㿴ϾȴĻϲڱ˵ʱϣȥ⣬ϲȱ˵֮󣬲ȥҪ֪⡣
ʱ򣬼ȻϾ˵͸ϡ
С֪Ϣ֪֪ôβģǲԼȥơ
Ǹʱ򣬿˿Ȳ֪Ͼ֮Ƿʲô£ЩʱҲûȥʣֻϾǸʱ򣬾ҽڿԾ˳ʡ
ڿ˿˵κһõĻᣬǲŹҲǵԸ
Ҿͻش˵ҿԿҲ˵κһ˶Ҫ˲֪һҽʦ˲жϡǣҾͺСȥãĲ鲻ǺأҿεúãͬʱҲһ㰲ҩԡ
ʱϾһ¿˿ȣ˿һ仯ео
ܿ죬Ĳ͵õ˿ƣһºͱúǸʱ򣬰ҩҲһЩ֪ҪҸŪһ㣬ʱҲûʲô⣬һЩ
֮һⰲҩܴҵĻӭСͿ̻һЩ飬Ȼʹõ䷽Ͼҩꡣ
Ͼ˵Щʱ򣬺ʲô飬˵
㳤˵㲻˵ںû˵һ΢΢ü
Ͼ㣬ее㰧˵ӣܲܲ˵͵Ҳ䷽˱ˡ
㿴ϾðɣǾͲ˵ˣ
ȻеģҲܲµˣһǿ˿һЩֶΣϾõ䷽ϾȴΪ£ʼ˿֮Ѻۡ
ʱԽԽã˿ûȥȣ˵Ѿ޷ȣڵ״
ϾСԺǱоҽźſ˿ȣ˿ҲٹҲֻϾæ¡
ллӣϾĵ˵֪ˣǿκˣ
Ȼ֪ãΪʲôոջҪĺ£Ц˵ոԸоϾԼȥ׷ʡ
ǣһҪ׷ףϾ˵Ȼ֪㲻ǿԼҲᵣһ
һȥ׷ʣҲʵ˵ֻǸʱͻ˵ԼѾˡ
Ѿͷ׷ⲻǲҪˣм䷢ʲôҲҪѾ֪ϴһʲôλáֻҪ֪㲻Υ֮ĳŵǾͿˡ΢ЦţذϾǰеҵ㷢
ûУûΥӵĻϾؿ㣬ҡͷ˵
ôˣ㿴Ͼ΢Ц˵
Ͼ㣬е㲻˼˵ӣˣúᣡ
ϾֿѾüˣһμʥ֮ǣǸʱ㻹ǺʶʱһеԵеš
ڣȴ֣ĹϺ˺ܶ棬ܶ࣬ǰԼһЩҲûᵽ̶ȡ
ҪʲôˣЩ˲ֵãҲҪ΢Ц
ЩˣڲڣҶ̶һʵ
㲻Ҫ
ߣ

ʱ򣬿˿ȣĮ˵Ҳ׷м˭д˹ҪϾҩ꽻䷽ˣ䷽Ҳ֪ôȥ䡣ԺûҵȨǲ
Ѿļޣ˹鷳ѾˣҲΪ˲뿴Ͼм䣬Ϊѵġ
ֻǣˣ˻飬Ҳ˵ķʽ˲һܽܡ
ͱڵĿ˿ȣ޷ܣͬĮػһ䣺˵Ͼҩ꣬䷽˹ģĻ޷ܣҲҪȥܣ
˿ȡ˹ûŪף鲻ѡӲܣǸ㿴ſ˿ȣƽ˵š
С㣬㻹ǲҪǿˣѾõҪĶðѶˡϾ˿ַͿȰ˵
ʱ򣬶Կ˿ȻŸģȻ֮ǰҲ˼ɵ˿ȵĸܣԸ⿴˿ȷˡ
С㣬㻹֪СвֻĹ𣿡˿еԳ˵
ǹӣСС㣬ҲСġϾ˵
ˣһܻˣһֻѡһѡ˭ӻС㣿˿ȿϾǸӡ
ź£´ģڴڴ
⡭ϾĬˣ޷شֻ֪˶Ҫ˭Ҫһ㣬û
ֻʱȴһʶĶԼûע⵽Ķ
ȲĿһۡ
˿ȵѾʼˣ
ֻһֵܹ˭һжԼɵģȻģһһЩ飬˵ǸȻһһ죬ܿͳˡ
ʱһЩ¸ͲҪѡΪ֮䲢û̫ĳͻЩǸûгͻֻȴӲüˣ˱һѡ
󣬵õĽ˺ڵһ


414 Ů
һԺкܾҶ̶Ͼ˿ǵͷ֪Щʲô
ãϾ𰸣ң
ˣˣҿʴˣ˿̧ͷ¶һ˿Ц
㿴һۿ˿ȣеĸоȴһʱ޷˵ʲô
ӣܲԺϹɵʽСӪϾʱϾͻȻ˵
ΪֱջЩҩĻ˿󣬶ֲʱһΪ˿롣
㻹ûлشҶ̶ѾڵУСǲͬġ
ϾؿҶ̶˵Ҷ̶ͬ⣬Ӧ˵ңӦ˵ǣոյĻѾųˡ
ⷽ飬๫˵㣬С̸СҪ๫ҪȥС꣡Ҷ̶˵
Ϲ˵һ˵㣡̷ֻǺֲһ䣺ҰȨС꣬ùЩ
ûС飬Һ٣˭Ժ๫Լ˺ҪȺ˺áҶ̶ֱӵ˵Կ˿ȱֳһֽûڿ˿ǰһʤĽ
ǰ˿ȣһΣԼʤ̫࣬ǿ˿ܱȵġ
ߣԼˣ˼Ҹոն˵ˣһԸģ㻹˿ȺߵҲûйģǰҶ̶ܲ⣬Բķ
ǣҲҶ̶ڵ̬Ѿʤߵ״̬Ҳ޷ҡʤ̬
ֻʱĶѣһǶδޣԼˣҶ̶΢Цţûֱۣ۵˵š
һ̣ϾһִҶ̶˿ȵݵˣ˵̬ȫˣ˿䳰ǰҶ̶ģҶ̶̬һҲӣǿ˿ȵǰ
Ҷ̶ԼҲû뵽Լһκ˺ܶ࣬Կ˿ȺûǰָоˣñȽƽˡ
Ҫ˵ǿɲҵδޣ
ߣҶ̶С죬Ĺĵġ
Ҳڱ˼ҽҴҿǲҪҸطȥ
ʱ򣬿˿ееֻĸоֻȴûбֳǺܿʧˡ
ֻΪҶ̶ȻǺûоʲôҲֻ΢΢ЦţԼһֺȻĸоһһܰ
˿ˣóһۣˣǻ˸һСԩҡ
ˣҪˣһҶ̶С죬С̵ʵ̫ˣ̲סҪһ¡
ҾҪ۸ңҾȥĽǧѰúýѵ㡣Ҷ̶졣
ҪѹңȻҾͲҪ㣬ص
ңҶ̶е
ԡ
ߣ

ǹ˰ɣ׻˵˵£㵽׻벻ҪҵϾ˿ȷˣ˻İԼڣεġ
ȣǹ飡㲻ػһ䣬Ҷ̶һۿ˿ȣҲܲˡ
ΣϾϾģ˵ܶˣҪѵԼĶҶû˵ԼģܣǿмѾ˵üΣ˵ϾϾģֻǴҺûע⵽
Ҷ̶Ҳûע⵽һ㣬һֱϾġ
ӣϾģֻǰ㿴ŵѡϾ˵еϾָ֮ǵǼҡ
ľģҲûΪϾʲôֻǸҩ൱ҵҩмҲֳɡֱ˵Ѿ˼ˣҲˣ֮ľģ㻹˵ĻҾͶϾϾ֮Ĺϵ
֪ˣϾӦȴ룬ԼĲǹӵֺαعԼĻǹӵ¡
Ȼһģ˵ͲͬˣˣǰϾ˵ͬõĿ˿ȣͲ˵ʲôϾģ˵ôҵϾҩꡣ
֪ϾڵĹģȴһ˵ϾģҲֻõ
ˣ˿ȣϾϾ⼸Ӱҩ䷽׬Ǯǵĳɱʵһ㵱ҿѣĶҽǳƽˡ⻰Ȼе˾Խܣ˭ԸѾӵĶ³
˵ѾǺܿҪˣ֮ǰҪ˳թһ˹壬֪ռıˣʲôĺ
ֻǣϾԺϾԿ˿ȻŸ飬Լֲ뿴ΪѣԾ͸ɴſҪ
˵ҲǺҪͷͷҲҪ
ںǾҶ̶˵ȥС꣬ȥǵĻӦлҵ
ãǾ˵ˣҾȥһ˲ᣬ֪⼸ڰҩ׬˶٣˿ȺشӦˡ
ŶǾͺһȥ㣡صȻ˼ҴӦˣҲú˵ˡ
ӣ㻹£ҰױжϾֹ

ûע⵽Լڻһٵױ˵ҲǲҪģࡣ
ϾȴһˣΪŮװȥͣϾҲһʽļ棬ô
ҺͿ˿һȥɣô˵ҲҶҵĴС㣬ҲһġҶ̶ˣ˵
ҪﵥһᣬĻУоûҪϾ뿪˼
ţҶ̶˿һͬ뿪ˣϾԺС
ʱҶ̶뿪е⣬ϸһ£Ӧû£Լ˿ַˣҲҶ̶ôϾҶĴ̣顣
οʱ򣬻ûʽַΪġ
ӣûߣôֱôˣ㿴ͷģ·Ҳеˣ·ôѾôˣС
Ͼһ߰жױһ˵ţ۵ӡ



415 
ʱһȥϾĶ㽥ָԭòұ֮ǰӵˡ
ͷ·Ҳ
˵·еĿռָӷóģʱе棬ô˵·
ϾǸʱһ£ͷΨΨŵŵӡ
Ŷԭ˰ʲôʱܸʶһ¡ȡЦ
Ͼæ˵ǵģǸ·⼸ûʲô飬˼·ӣùӵûжٱ仯ֱӴϡ
ΪһϸŮȻʮ˰ͨŮ£Ͼû˱ȵùŮȻǾͨĲˡ
⼸˶ҽֲҩϾû¾Ͱ·ΣȻҲи˿ȵģ˿ƺе㲻ֻиһ
Щ·ΣÿһϾ˺ܶ˼ȥģʮ־ɣ˽⣬·ܷӳ
ֻǣһû㵽û뵽ʻôⲻò˵һźǻźǺܴ󣬲ԺҲʱȥġ
Ͼź£㻻·һЩСΣڵӣǸ߹ĻʼӵܣҪ߹һ㡣
ҵĹӣϾԴ˺⣬ͷ˵
ǿ˰ɣ΢ЦǺܽϾһˣҲϰˡ
˵ˣϾҲǸϲãһĲϲҲϲϾһ㣬ΪŮѾͷ˵ġ
ʹСҲҲȲϾ
Ͼϸ˿һ㣬΢΢һ£Ȼ˵ڿˣ
㻹һûб仯ҪԺ˭Ȣ㣬Ҹˡ΢΢һЦ̤Ųȥ
ϾĻ֮󣬾˵ҲˣҪһźǡҪǹȢСĻǸжã
Ͼ˵ǵʱͣˣ֪̫ˣ˸һΪǾ仰Ҳ
֪һϲ˿ȡ
±Ӷܣֱӵ˵Ѿͷ֪Ҳϲô˵ң͸е
ҴϣϾ˵
ҪˣЩ²ܾǲܣ漣˵ԸĻһźƽֻҲһ𡣡
ллӣ֪õˣϾе˵Ů˵СС
ţ̩Ȼܣһ㲻죬˼һ¶ûС
ӻƤú񣡡ϾҲе̫ˣԸֱ˵㡣
ⲻƤǳʵҺϲңֱӵ˵
ţϾͷȻȥһ£ɵ˳㡣
ȴһֵܰ
Ͼ˿ȵ鷿ǿ˿ȹĵط˲棬طϾȻ֪ġ
뿪СԺʱЩ濴ŵĻʼȡ
ڶһǾϾ˶֪ϾѾܾû뿪ˣھȻ뿪ˣһǸһ뿪ǵС㣬ǺǾȡ
ͬʱ·λãǿԵóһۣϾǽ굱Դ
ȻߵúܽϾȴûвŶУ΢΢ںȻһֱ΢ЦȴһֺȻĹػ֮⣬֮ǰҶмģֻжԼСŷĹػ֮⡣
ֻǴҶһָо֪ǲԼĴǾãֹػ֮ҪǰĶҪʤһͬʱϾϵ΢ЦȻᣬҲ֣ܿǴҴûмġ
ôҾãϾУòҪС㻹ҪҪ˽Ͼˣ̫˾ò˼ˡ
ڶ꣬Ǻûм룬ôͻȻһʶģ߹쳣ꡣ
ѵǸոսȥ㣿
԰ɣոǸӺڵģһģȫͬˡ
ֻǣĻֻ˭أȥֻһҲֻһֲܵ飬ȴһʵ
֤֮һ棬ȷǿһ˺󣬴ҲȷˣӾǸոǸֵĶӡ

ǰ棬СԺӣСǰܲΪ˿ʡһ㣬ٵ㱼ͽµĵطסԺӡϰˣҲûٸˡ
ϾָǰһԺ䣬˵
ŶӦһ
Ͼ΢΢һЦҲ֪ķӦԸ񣬲ŲЩ飬ҲֻҪ֪һ¶ѣûҪҪʲô
ֻϣ˿֮Ծ˲Ҫʲôͻ뿴ġ
ڵãҪķչ˺ܶ࣬˿ҲϵĴӦˡ
ĻֻҪú̸̸ҲԺллһ𣬾˵ģ˿Ժƽ
ϾﻹȢ˿ȣǸöãԼͲеκһ˷ֿͬʱźˡ
ϾЩԸǿ˿˶Բ飬Ҳһϣźſ˿ȡ
˿ϾŮ˵һ˵飬ֵϧġֻЩ˾һЩֵϧƻҲˡ
ϾԸҲòʵֵĹȥ

һҽдԺд˳ñ·ɫȫˡ
ϣûжҲıɫ˵鷢ϡ
Ҫ鷢ߵˣĵϣǾͻͬ
Ȼϣ˺٣ǲûУûгϣʵһߣ¡
һҶ̶ôʱദȻһ
ոյҽУҶ̶һʹԲЦһʹ
һֱϾĵطǰʱϾҲһٳˡ
̫ˣҲһ˺ǸŮߣ
˿ȡ˹


416 ΢Ц
Ҷ̶
㵥ֱϾŶ룬ͿҶ̶ڵϣ΢Ц
ֻǣ΢Цȴܸκεİοֻ˵Ŀʼ飬΢Цһѵһڴʹģ
Ҳ˻ỳɣҶ̶ʱϷŪ㣬Żᷢ΢ЦʹԼƭ
ĻԲʹεЦһ£ȻҶ̶˵
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ڵȴҶ̶ûпЦûϷŪ㣬һҽʵġ
΢ЦŵϣǴʺѪ˵ˡ
ԵǣؿͻĴѪĵ棬ڸκһˣѾһѱĵ̴壬ı룬塭
£ȴڶ΢ЦʹûиоΪ㵽һЩʹࡣ
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ܿ죬ҾҲǺǸҲΪҶ̶ڵѾһΪصĵز
㿴˿վһߣҶ̶ĸżǼγУһ⣬ΪǸҶ̶ϡ
һ㲢˵Ҷ̶˵ԣ㿴Ǽ϶Ѫһ㡣
Ψһ˵˾Ҷ̶ѪȻҶ̶ɵģôûнҶ̶̴ҲһҶ̶ܲġ

ڿĻ֮󣬲û˵κεĻֻҶ̶ߣʱ֪ʲô˭Ҷ̶
ھ˲ҪģҪǿҶ̶
㣬ǳ⣡
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½γҽǲģʱһ㶼ǰѵš
ڣְҶ̶ؿڣţһҲģʲô
ѵֻҪҶ̶ؿڣҪܶ񲻴ܰɡ
㡭Ҷ̶֪ʲôʱѾЩˣָ
𶯣ڲҪκεĶΣյġ˵ϴŵЦݡ
Цװģһкʹ࣬ȴҪװһӣֱӵԸܲϡ
ֻǴʱ˿̣Ҷ̶֪Լеʹ࣬Ҷ̶ʲô
㣬֪һĵʲô𣿡Ҷ̶΢Цţʵ
㻹û˵ѾԼش⣺֪һ˵֪ôٶۣô֪ҵĸоһĵľ㣬ܺȹǿĵʱ̣ȻǺܶ࣬Ѿˡ
Ժǻкܶʱ䣬úܶܶ࣡ص
ţԺʱ䣬ǻиĵӡҶ̶΢Цֻڳȴ˵Լ΢Цĸоһ޷κݵ΢Ц
Ͼ˫ѾˮеԼҪĻǾͲҶ̶һҲͲ顣
ʱҲںһ£Ҷ̶ԭǿ˿ȡ
Ļǽʲô޷
Ӧ˵Ըȥ¡
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Ͼ⼸ҽϵĳɾͣѾ϶Ҷ̶Ѿ췦ûκΰ취ԽȻ
˵ڴʱ˵ûκΰ취Ҷ̶ƣ˴ʱ뿪˵ضϼֲס
ҲΪ֪һ㣬Ҷ̶ŻһҲ˵˭Ҫֻú˵ЩҪ˵Ļ˵
ֻǣҪ˵Ļʵ̫ˣֻҪ㣬Ϊһĵ飬Ҹ顭
㣬ʶ㣬һҸ飬һȷľǲ㣡Ҷ̶˵š
һûӮ˿ʲôΨϣӮˣһνǰĶûҺÿġ
Ҷ̶ʱѾʼеԺˣĲӸλãǱҧĺۼѾˡ
ʧˣҲҪļʧ㣬ӦңҪңʹһʹ࣬ҲҪǵң
ڳĬ
ǲǺ˽ʶҵһҾô˽˽һκòã
Ҫ˵ˣһһ˽ȥһֱ˽ȥ˵
ûл˵ˣҶ̶һЦ仰ҲףʵѾ֪Լ
ţ˵㣬ܴܲӦһ£
ҴӦʶûʣֱӴӦˡ
ˣ˵ʲôӦҪԺ˵ȻҪ˵Ķ־ǼֲסǴź뿪
Ҷ̶΢΢һЦŬ˵ӦңҪΪѹ

Ҷ̶û˽ףϣֻǵǿĵ飬ҪΪеѹ

ҪǵңҪˣʹһ죬ǷֿˣҲҪԶǵҡ
ʱͷͻȻ뵽仰뵽Ҷ̶ʱ˵˵һֱ֮⡭

ˮ
㷢Լеģһζˮʪ
ΪҲΪκᣬΪѾٻΪκ±ˣֻǵ˴ʱ˿̣ҷҴˣ



417 ֮
㣬ˣ㲻ҪˣӦңѹ
Ҷ̶΢˵ţҪ̧ΪȥᣬȴԼѾûˡ
ʱҪޣȴǿסˣֻΪ뿴ӡ
ǰҶ̶һܸΪᣬΪ˸еҸֻۣʱûЩ
ֻһ㣬۾㣬лУֻһ㣬Ҫʱ࿴һۣһᡣ
Ƕôһۣôһᣬÿģ
ʱҪƽӣˮֻȴԼ鶼޷ˡ
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Ҫ˵ĻӦýѾ߹վڱϵϾ˶֪Ͼҽ˵ǶģֻǺ֪ѣ˹֪һ㣬ֻ֮ǵЩ
ͬʱҲû֪ҽҲͬܶ⣬ȻǸʱֻҽѧ˼£ҲֻѧϰģǸӵȴҪ֪ܶʶ֪бһҽĶ֡
㻹һûеľ֪ʶҽͱñȽر𣬾ҿʲô
ʵֻʿõˣΪҶ̶סһ޸
ĻҶ̶ʱͻˡ
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ֻһһʼʱģҪڻһֱɵģҪֻʱ䣬Ѿ
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㵹ȥˣһŵ飬ҶҶ̶һᶯ㡣
ˣ£㻹ֱҶ̶֪УҶ̶صˡ
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˽ȣⶼǶЩİˣҲˣЩΪԼ˵ˣ˽üʹҲҪȡ
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šҶ̶Ӧһ䣬ϻ΢ЦţֻʱЦȴȻһֺõЦݡ
أҶ̶ԼҪ˯۾ûˣ
ҲΪѾˣ˵ûУ޷򵥵˵Ѿˡ
ҪԼѾԼģ㻹ҵģҲһȢ㣬ֵһֻҪܻȥʱֻʽȥҶ̶־
ڲŷ֣ԭҶ̶Ҫô򵥣ҪκεĶֻԼһʲôҪûС
ͬʱһҲҪģźǣңͿԺ֤һ㣡
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һ̣ȻһȸոҪ̫̫ˡ
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˶ãʲô
ڴҸ㲻ʱ򣬸˳Ծ飬ǰˡ
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ʱ򣬿˿Ще
Ǳϵħ̬һֿԽﶼ̬ǻҲԱС
ǲڻҲͨıһĴɢһѾΪһ־壬е档
סˣͨ¶ûþȵģΪһƻͻΪ飬ҲһΪ顣
ƻ޷ڻǷУҲֻὫϨ𣬶ڻ
˵ԷŽ¯Ǿ㱻ڻҲڻˡ
򣬱ˣû˺ں֮£ڱһ̣Ǿ֣Ǳɣ
Ȼָûд£ʵĴͿԵõ벻Ľ
ھʹñҶ̶У˯״̬Աס
Ϳ취һҵ취
ʱ˻ʣǼȻΪʲôһ㣬ΪʲôҪľ󣬲һ
ϻҪˣҪҶ̶гȻҶ̶ʣǸʱ
УǸʱҶ̶ʶ̫΢ľ⡣
Ѿ죬ͿԽ
ܿ죬һˮ׵ıγˣҶ̶ϴ΢Цһ˯һ˯֮֮С
˯ˣһ죬һὫ㻽ѣͯеַʽ㻽ѣ
ḧǱ֮ף΢Цš


418 ˵ĽԵ
ӡ
Ͼʲô似һϲͨħҲ⺺ֻںе㲻ԾϸĵԿе㲻ȡ
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˶Ҫ⵽׷ʲô£ΪʲôҶ̶˵ʱͻȻˣոջָһǻ۵֮ŭЩ
޷ĥĹЩıϣм䴩У⽣Ӱã



ĲҽЩеĻûзӦѾӱ̴ؿڣеķӦˣȴѾˣһӱոߡ
ȫǱⲻϲķʽ˭ΪʲôΪҪЩҶ̶ĸܣǼҶ̶ϵʹࡣ
Լһžı£񶼲Ѿʵ˿ڵиеһĪĿ־塣
㣬ѵ֪׷ʲô𣿡˿Ȼָ֮󣬿ʵ
ܷʲô£Ƕ㿴ſ˿ȣ˵⣬ǿ˿ȴûмġ
˿Ǽ㼸أȴʱǸʱ㻹ǽͻΪϾĹϵԱֵĶƽе͡
֮ǰȻǸʱΪǮϵĹϸȻϢ
ڲͬˣҶ̶ŪѾˡ
ѵͲԼɱѵͲΪҶ̶Ĵ𣿡˿ȼʵ
Ҷ̶ĴΣֻ֪ǽ˳һ㹻ȥ㻹Į֮˦˦ЩѪ˦
ΪͿɱ޹Ҷ̶˵ֻô˿ʵ
ҿԸ㣬Ҷ̶˹壬ҲʲôϧģǶһͷҾͻȫᣡڣ˹壬ٴڣ䣬ʱ˽ˣ֪ҪһЩֲ顣
˿Ȳ֪ôû뵽ôɴֱӣҺġ
㣬бҪǣҵļ𣿡˿ȳĬƬ̺˵ֻ֮飬ֻǼ˵顣
Ҳǿ˿Ⱥˣܸо⣬ҲͻȻˣ־˹Ҳǲˡ
̫ˣҾ飬ǴҲȥ㵭˵ˣôƽеŭ𣡡

仰Ͼ˿ȶסˣϾΪ֪һ˹Ҫˣ˿ȴסΪŷ֣ԭ˲Ե̶ֳȣΪƽеŭ𣬾Ҫ˱塣
ûˣģľͻᵹù
ŭҲǷ̶ֺܶȵģֻҪЩ飬㷢ҲǺܴ
һΣŭѾһûйĸ߶ȣûŭʹԼֱ飬Ҳûӹ̶һһ붼ûС
Ҳ˵һ£ʵԼҪԼˣһ˽ˣֻûҵһֵ˽ˡ
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һ̣˹彫Ҫʼ֮ŭΪһ£Ѿѿ˿ȸɱˡ
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ϣܾҶ̶ĶȻ࣬һ
֮ûãȥҶ̶ΪҪٵʱȥǸʱҶ̶ûʱȡ
ͬʱҲһܳɹȻѾܴ󣬵㲻κε⣬Ҷ̶Ц
Ҷ̶ˣҵ㣡˵ûˣúܳףʱ򣬿˿ȿű֮еҶ̶૵
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ҲΪİæܵõⶫڣҪⶫߡ
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С飬Ҷ̶ԹĶԹͬʱҲԵ
˵ĽԵ


419 һеԵ
ܣ㲻Ҫˣ˿ڴһ֮󣬾˵
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ҪǣСǾȻĶҲҪˣ֮ȥС飬ΪĹֲ
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ⲻ룬ͬʱҲûͬ⣬Ҫ㵭˵ֻ⵭УȴһֲɵĿ϶
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ոգҶ̶Ҫɱ˿˿ȣֲɱˣɱһô֪ʹ࣬Ҫ߿˿ȵһУαҴ
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У˾ú˼ǣ뿪½֮ڴ½ǵûмԽԽǿΪһĴڡ
ȻⶼԺ飬ûκεĹϵ
ǣ䲻ʲô¶䣡ϾѾ㣬Ҫ䷽ôҲԸң˵ǴӦ˹ӣӣӣ
Ҷ̶ⷽ棬Ҳˣ޷ܣΪҸոǴӦֻҪƭһ壬壡
˿ȵϳһ˿Ť޷ڵӡ
Ͼʱ򣬿ʼˣ֪Լ뷨̫֪˿⣬ȴһֱƭԼ˵û£ֻǴС㻹õС㡣
ϾԼ뷨ֻ̫ں˿ȣںΪǽõС㡣
ڼǰϾƭȥ䷽һ̣Ѿ뷨ֻԸ϶ѣԼСԺһʵ
ϾԸ񣬴Ӧ飬ôΥû˵䷽ǸʱҲ֪Լ䷽˿ߡ
Ҳֻܹ̫ſ˿ȣھܾ˿˿ṩ䷽֮󣬾ȻԿ˿Ⱥ޷Ӱʯ¼һС
º󣬿˿ȴûгϣ˵ǸϾҩģֻһ˭֪ѡ
Ҫ˵ϾһСģ©֪䷽֪ҲһŪ
һжΪԼŻ䡣ϾѾܸˣһߣϾ֣Ҫοһ顣
ӡϾлŴŵĵ䡣
̬ʱ򣬾ҪߣҲҪߣ˿˵
˵һжΪԼʧȥһҲΪԼϾûз㣬ˣһѡߣҲǿ
ڣǿҲգҲˣ


420 ĺɫ
˿ȿ㣬ոյ顭
˿ȣ㲻˵Ҫ𣿡Ҷ̶ſ˿ʱ򣬷ֿ˿Ȳûó˱쿴м䣬Լ
Ҷ̶㣬Ϊʲôһ𣬲һܣ˿ȿҶ̶һѵ֮˵
Ҷ̶Ҳûлʲôÿ˿֣Ҳû˿ȻẦ
ⲢٶۣΪȻ췢СƢ˵ȴûҪˣҲȥⷽ顣
ʵϣôһСԺҲΪʲôϲߵԭʱŪһһֵܿ顣
ΪʲôҲ֪ϲһ𡣡Ҷ̶еԺػصһ㣬Ǹ㲻
ԼΪʲôһ𣬴𰸾ϲѣΪʲôϲҲ˵ϲһĸоҺֿͻ㣬еܡ
ڣҺܵԭ򣬺ܼ򵥣ϰҵĴڣͻԽԽܣҶ̶΢Цûио⻰ʲôö˵ģϲϲˣΣҪľ
Ǻϲ˿ȿҶ̶˵ȻƽȴһֺǶʼɵĸо
ֻⲻڶʼҶ̶ϲ㣬ǶʼΪʲôϲϾҶ̶Ҳ
ţϲҶ̶ͷ⻹Ҫлл㣬ĻǸܻһһ졣
ң˿еɻ
㣬ҺʶΪС飬ʱһСǹƭңޱƭңҷĻᱨҶ̶΢Ц˵ǸʱĲǸС飬ƭˡ
С飬˵ʵǺҪֻҪ˿ȶҪ˿
ֺȥҵĴȨΪֳһΡɭһСʱ֮нһڱǸߴıӰڻһֱҵУ
һѾʼϲˣǸʱûзϲ죬ƢֱҲŷ֣Īϲ޷԰Σ
Ҷ̶˵ţϴҸ΢Цÿ˿ȸеӵĶʼɣ￪ʼе㲻ƽ⡣
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ȻҫǲƸҫֻЩ̰ĽٵŮ飬Ҷ̶ĺŮӣҫĽԼҸİʲôˣ㲻ЩУֻһͨˣǶҫҫԼõҸ
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˿ȣˣúܳףԶòҵҸΪҵģҵģҶ̶˵
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仰Ҳˣ֮ԴӦ㣬ֻǻ֮ƣʱĸо˿ȵļ̫ڱ棬һ޷ֱ档
Ŭ㲻ҪˣһжΪĳɹû䷽ĳɼ𣿡Ҷ̶мһ̣Ѿе㿴˿ȡ
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˿ûзϣҲûгϣֻۿҶ̶
ܿ죬һź
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һ̣ý㣬ϣҲҪ㣬⣬ˡ
Цˡ

صڵʱ̣㿴ǰĿ˿ȣ˵Ҫ֪飬Ѿ֪ʱ㲻ӵеС飡
ȻϵС飬һִ˿ˣӵУ٣Ϊġ
㾡ԣҵʱ򣬿˹˻᲻ΪΪ˿Ⱥʾ˵
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۾˿ͻȻ۾ˣһ˫ԭɫͫĺɫ
˿ȣٻС飬нԼ
ǡ
һ˫ĺɫͫӵκ˶۾


421 ϲ
ɣȣ˿Ằʲô׵ĵطҲûֱߵ˫ĸо
۾رطһе㲻ֱͬӴ˵飬ǿ˵ıΪ
һ㣬ǰҲǿģȴҪͨһʾĶȻڽһϵг򣬲ñ˽״̬Ȼٽ˵顣
ڣǷģʹ۾κεĶͿֱӴﵽЧǰûġ
ͬʱһ㣬ƺҲһ˽⣬ʹ۾Чƺһ㣬˵ɡ
ԭ˯ܽ˵ľͬҲ˵Ͳܽ˿СнԼ
ȻܿƵ˿ȣȴûаǲܽСԼ˵ǲܰٷְٿ϶ҲǺܵ͡
ʱͱȽ϶ˣֻһδε飡
֮Щ鶼ÿˣΪһ˫һ۾κ˳۾
ȣС֣ΪԼߣ˿Ȼ֪֡
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ȣһҽɣ˿˵
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ͬʱҲо˿һֲζΪԼûа취뿪˿ȵ塣
ڼȻ˿Ҫɣô᲻Ըء
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ֻǣڿĵеˣ֪Լ֮ԱԼĳ˺ĸɣΪһ˵С顣
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ΪԾˣԲҪץ㣡ʱ˾ȻشȵĻҲ˵˾ȻöСԡ
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Ͼܣֻһԣʲôᣬ⼸꣬ѧҽѧų
˿ȣ
ǶֻǸʱԼʱͲˣʱ飬ǲ˵ûĻ
Ҷ̶ֱӺԵ˵ˡ
ĸˣĸ˶û˵Ļ˭أ
ֻһǾΨһһˣȴ˵С衣
С裬öĻ𣿡ССһһģеʵ
ţö𣿡Сؿ㣬ֻ֪Լöȴ֪ԼΪʲôͬģҲ֪
˵ʲôҡͷҲûȥСΪʲôöΪ֪Ҳǰʡ
СԼΪʲô˵Ϊʲô仯ԭ򶼲֪ԼʲôطС裬Լ˵ΪʲôᶮСˡ
ʵϣ뷨ҲûдСȷǲ֪Ϊʲô
СͰѸոյĶԻ˵һ飬Сķ롣
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㲢һϲȡɵˣ෴һϲɵˣȻǰûдۡ
ڣɣҶ̶ƾҪ鷳ˣͬʱҶ̶תˣҪˣҲȵˡ
⻰С跭룬Сǿöκ˵ԡ
ȿһᣬ˵ҿκˣ˵ĻһҪ㻰֮Ҿˡ
ҴδκʳԹԺ˵һȷֵԺûһʳԹ
ֻǡ
㣬ӦҲûж٣С迴˵


ѡ㣬ʼҶ̶ǩԼͬʱҲûа취Ϊֱӱȥ
ǩԼҪʲôԸǿȣֻҪʵǿͿԡ
ȻǿΪĶɡ
ҪҶ̶ܲǩԼԣȻǿԣ޷˵޷ж黹ڻŵġ
ֻҪڻţԼͿ˳ĽС
ԼԼҪľ֮Ľ
ܿ죬ȵһη˹âҶ̶ҲͬһâոյƣͬһӹâŦǶϿ
󣬵ŦɵʱȾͽҶ̶棬Ҷ̶Ϳʼ޸
ڿɣеĴʯǷˣڿԿ϶ˣҶ̶ѾΣգָǳ⡣
ͻȻһ£ԼĶͷͿˣովȻˣҪòκҶ̶ϣҪܾãˣ鷳һ㣬Ҫ顣
û˵꣬ѾˣֻҪκҶ̶ƣʱ䳤ҲνңܲҪʮİɣ
ˣڿʼһЩˣ㽫ĿתһߵĿ˿ȡ
Ǹոյ飬
ſ˿ÿ˿ȴڱߵ״̬ô֪ʹڡ
ͬʱҲÿ˿֪ԼǸոյЩ¡
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ԣмѾˣЩʱ䱻Ƴˡ


422 ֵС
ѾҪˣ˵ˣڶѾˡڰ֣ܲ˵
棿ոս֮󣬾ûгȥô֪棬ôġ˿ȾȥĻ
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ϾҲе㲻ţոտǺһֱһģû뿪ûвʲô顣
ѵƭˣ
ڵˣ㾭ϷˣŻʵʵ˵Ը񣬶ڿ˿Ѿڵ˵ķ룬ܿơ
˭Լĵʵʵ˵ɲôⲻͲ˵ʵ
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ҪŻңߣΪôŵġ˿ȴûϾǸоŻˡ
ǣͿʼٻˡ
ˣҽֻ˿ϵһ壬˵
ܿ죬巢һС㣬Уû취ȥ
ŴҶ֪ˣʲôʲôĹܡûһƶԽħħڴǱرġ
Ϊʲôûа취ֻһԺӣǶ˿
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ô˿üг˾ȡ
𣿡΢΢һЦſ˿Ⱥǲм˵ţΪʲôҪأΪʲôͲңôʵˣô˵أ

ôģûпȥôｫɱ˿ȲףԴˣԶףΪûн𰸸
ֻ˵һ䣺㲻ҪˣǴģʱҾѾ׼ֹ˽
Ҷ̶֮Ҿ֪㲻ҪҺͽ⣬ұ͸ò㣬ͬʱҲӦ뿪ߣһ˺
ãѾûˣȻ˹˶Ҫȥᣡʱ򷢳һÿ˿ȺµĪɱ⡣
ʱ򣬿˿ȲžãԼӦöʲô⣬úõĺͽҲõİ취ҲͨС̸Уûһ֡
ڣƺоԼʧȥһС
ʱƺûиоԼѾһҪĶ
ڣܼ򵥣Ȼ㲻Ըͽ⣬ǾͲҪҲˣú䵭ߣûˣǾͿû£һΣ֪ǵ٣ʲôĺ죬һڣ֪Ҫٵһ˹壬˵ֻ練Ƶ飡
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죬ЦΪ˭˿Ȳм˵Ļȡ˲ŵ̬ȡ
ߣΪԸȥţ˭ԸţԼļᱻ֮ڻٵ
㣡ƽػشͼ򵥵ֻ֣ҪԼ
ҵ̫үҲ˹ôУѱˣ˿Ⱥ˼Ҳ֪Ҳûʲôϵ
ֻ֪Ѿʥ۹η籩Ūò޷顣
úϻֻҪſˣϣ㲻ﲡûȣ֪Ĳǲֻǹƽ֪һʲôˣͲ̫ã
ѾûȤͿ˿ȶ˵ȥˣʣµֻÿ˿֪Լ˶Ĵ
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Ͼͷſ˿ȣС㣬һνˣϣԱԼԺǹӵˡ
˵仰ʱ򣬾ʹϾѾҪ˿ȻˣԺרĵһ˵ŮѾͷ˵ġ
Ҳǿ˿ԼһɵģһϾƸ㣬һδϾġ
˱һѡ£Ͼѡ㡣
ʵϣ˿ȽϾԼĻҲǻڿ˿ߣǿ˿棬һҪɱľٶϾԥѡȥԿ˿ûа
ʱЩ£Ҫּ˵ʱ̣Ż֪ԼҪĻһ
Ͼǰһֱ׿˿㵽˭Ҫһ㣬ѾˣҪǸ㡣
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Ͼ΢΢һЦ˵ô˵ҲԺᷢʲôǲڣԶᣡ
΢ЦΪʲôǿ΢ЦҺᣡ
˿е㲻ƽ⣬ʱȴû壬Լ
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ʱСҲûŪڲҪˣͰȵĻŴ˵

ʱ㣬Ͼп˿ȶĬˡ
˿ȳĬΪţĳĬΪ
ιιȣôͻȻܳ㲻ðҶ̶𣿡
ѾҵȻָ˰˵ĺأҵҲҪָþãҺ飬ҿĻָ
ǲҪ͵ܳ
ǣûˣҪһ㡣
ڿЦɣСҲ˵ǲܴطˣ
ûܴҾҪһ㣡
ôֵСΪС鲻ԼȻܵ
ΪһֵĶ
С裬ҲǶˣҪöң



423 
ϵȣ˿ȴϣþöûзӦ
ڣкǻңôģΪʲôԼʲôûиоͱȡ
һָоԼʱֹͣˣȴڼʱ䡣
ĻΪʲôȵֻԼϾȴƽĿš
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ӣǣϾʱеɻͬʱҲе㲻̣ɲѪ˵¡
ǵˡ
ҩ裡óһҩϾ
ԭϾҩ󣬿ǰЩʬ壬Ѿ֪ôġ
ܼ򵥣ǶҩϾʱѾԺ¶ҩô粽С
Ҷ̶Ĳҽ֮󣬾֪ԼҪӦ˹ˣҪΪǿû飬Ҳһ˵
ԸΪ˱֤ԼİȫοЩǱڵĵˣѾĵˡ
˺֪Ķҩ֮һѾ˿ͨľ磬ûж˿ԵסĶ
ֻڸ֣мֶΣڶҪ𾴵ģıֶΣǲȥġ
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ʿһͨҲ˵ŵ㣬ǶԼĶ֣Ҫ˵мñɵֶΣᱣֵİȫԼˣҲᱣ֡
ҲҪ̫ΰΪֻҪԼúôһսûжֹ¶ʹ࣬˭Ҳ޷ܵġ
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Ҳ֪鲻ôãܲǵĻĽء
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Ҫ˵֮öҩʵڻ⣬һҪԭ򣬾ûжټһ֮ףжȥͱ˻ƴǾʡҲ˾úµĶҩ
ⶾҩĺµĳ̶ȣҪʤֱԳǿʵѪȿ·Ϊ˾Щδ֪ԽԽ¡
˿־뿪˹壬Һܿʧ˹֮Уֱ˹嶼ٷӰͬʱҲҲûгⷨ档
ֻȻûг֣ȴΪ½Ϊ֮𺳡
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ԼϾȰ棬ҪռĶǾͲֽľ档
ԼոմӦͽ⣬⳥ĻҲһ
ȣеԼʼȥɱεоԼ嶼ܻᱻɱ
˿ڿ־й죬֮ʼԭҪݻԼôļ򵥡
֮˹ʹĴбˣΪһûļ壡
ÿ˿벻ģҲ˵˶벻ǣ㾹Ȼķʽٵ˹壡
ʽ˵֡



424 

ͣ
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˹ļ򵥼ƻ򵥵£ȴûõļƻмǷǳı
ֻҪ˹ĲҵͻһȺˣĶȫϴһգĸҵ
һȺˣ˵Ǻڰˣеģһλ˳ȥΪһεж˸ģҪǵκε飬ֻҪ¾Ϳԡ
˭
ȫ¶֪ÿ˹ĺڰԱֱӵ˴𰸡
ǹµģǵٵ³ȻĶҰռֻֻصӦõģͬʱҲ˳յϢĳеĳ鱦һȺ뺷ǿ궫һ仰Ȼˡ
һеĳ̣һԸеŮˣ̾ǲҪԹңҲģ˭ǵǸӣУǷҲٺöյر
˶ţЧһ㣬ϸеٶепһ㣬ϵһ˹壬ӵʮң̻Ƕ٣ȫڷٵͷϣЩӾԲϽһУһߴһ߹˵˶½е
˼Ѿ;Ϯ˺üС
٣ӣĳƺǴ½һʼһָ֪ĵ˭ǲͬһˣ˹Ŀ֤֮ͬһˣǾ㡣
֪µʱʱžȣȴû𾪣Ϊ֮ǰѾһ䶯顣
ЩϢ֪ڰ˶֮󣬺񲢲Ƕ㣬ѵ
⣬ȫЩֻҪûϾҩ꣬Ͼ⣬ʲôҪ⼸Ͼҩ꣬ڰҩⷽ׬ǮˣҲûҪ
ϤˣеȣǰԸʲô¶ҪһôŻᶯԼԲԿԸôͻȻˡ
֪ΪʲôᷢôĶҪٵ˹ĻǾͻ֪Բһ
ȫû˼ȥˮԽԭĶˣԿԸԿĳ̶ȡ
ָͣһ㣬˹ĲƲȫͳȥ͸ЩڰˣͬʱҲ͸Щƶ
ΪµĿ˵ĶԱȣһ˵Ƕħһ˵ʹȻ˵Ҳ֪˭˵Ƕħ˭˵ʹġ
ңҲö˵˰ɣֻҪòߵĶȫҹˣһض˹š
֮һ仰أ
һϯ½ô½ϵ˶Ϊ֮𺳡
ΪʲôΪʲô˿ȿѾΪ˹լסˣﶼûзŹ
ȻΪ㣬Ļôһô֪㵽ʲôطǵˣȻǸӣҲû顣˿ȵĻǸɷˣűһߵĿ˿˵
ʲôҲռһ䷽һҩѣС˿Ǳ㲵ϣһֲ
Ƕ֪Һܿ϶ĸ㣬ԲΪͽ˹ٵ̶ֳȣֻûĶȻ˳թ˹һΣûȤҪֱǵģǵģһк𣡡
ȻˣҲҪӣ㶨νĵһ̣
˺˵еû˵һ˶ǱùģβŻôƴû
һˣʹ˵ˣȫڰļж
ûһԵסڰļжʥ۹Ҳҿ϶ԼԵסҲûȥǹڰ硣
˵ˣξǽͷеһδģж
ڰ˱ģٶ˵Ǽҳ㷹ֻûһһĿġ
ֻǣȻˣҲ˾ȣܺٺڰҲô򵥵ġ
˭ΪʲôҪӣ˿ĲɵʵΪԼΪеա
˭ǲ㣬ֻǸһѣҪȥȻңǺܶ˶ܹģѪܵĽѵ˵˵Ϳʼе鴤Դ˻

ˣ㻹û˵⵽Ϊʲô㻹ʲôְԵʵʵҲǾܶ˵ίУҪ˿ȵôǵˡ
⵱ȻǰԣΪҪŪ飬ԷֹԺСǵ㡣
ҽҶ̶ˣڵĻҶ̶Ѿˡ˿૵
ԭֲǿһסŮʱϻһʹЦݣ˵ʱ˵ɫʼˣòٿǻˣȻ˵Լ˽Ƕ֪ߵˣΪһϾһѪ֮ҹһҹķǶΪ֮µġҲΪ
Ѫ֮ҹΪϾ˿ȶԴ˲Ǻ֪ˣԭԼô࣬Ͼ֮仹ô֪飬ֲϾô㡣
ģ뵽ЦݣӾ;òˬһֵͬ飬Ҷ̲סҪһ٣ҲŮˡʱͻȻһ£ҲΪǸʱǵĸоǸű֮׵Цݣ˾ʹЦݣе޷ܡ
ȫ̲סȥŮˣӦǸŮ˹ڵĻͻֱӰŮ˴ͷ
֮˾ʹ뿪ˡ
Ҳ˿ȣΪ˿ԺҪԵʹ࣬Ըѵˡ
ķһҹ֮䱻٣˭޷ܵģԽߣˤҲֻԽݣ
˿ȻҪ˵żǸ߸ϵС㣬ůһ֡
УʧȥȵȻΣգȴһಡ塭
Ҳʹģֵֻܹ˭
̿ɻɻ


425 ϦµĻ
ϦҪµʱһСɽϣһıϣһ濾Ұζ
ϾһߣüС
ߣҶ̶ҲֻܾģΪʱڱ֮Уûлָ
ȵ˵Ҷ̶ڻкܾòܺãҲȵ˵Ҷ̶ȥҪȫָ
ҲΪǱ֮Ҷ̶ĻָٶȣȻܿƱأȻҲá
Ҳûа취飬ڽҶ̶ͿֲܻõĻ
Ҷ̶һֱڳ˯Уѹʱ򣬾֪ԼѾ˯ôãʱ⴩ĸоͻԺг֡
ֻǣоҶ̶˵񲻻Ӱ죬һὫһߣҧһ㣬Ǹ¡
Ȼͻ῿㻳ʼоʱӦ顭
Ϧ֮£⾲ĻǶô˾ЩܰһĪʹ˵Ҳ˵顣
Ϊ⼸ʺֱˣһֵİˣǿҶ̶ʱ΢΢Ц˾ʹ
٣ˣΪһߵϾ
⼸죬ÿ㸧ű֮ףҶ̶ʱ΢ЦϾԼкʹѹ˵ĸо
Ͼʼе޿˿ȣϣҶ̶뿴㻹ı顣
Ҳ㲢ҪֻΪʱ̫̣ԻûдǸо߳Ͼʱ򣬶˵ʱ򣬾Ͳĸоƽһ
С裬ֺ槼ȥȣСˡ㿴СԶɻʱ¶ЦݣЦݾԲ˾ʹ
⼸죬Сֶһ飬ǾܳȣҲϲСһҲΪСöĻԭɡ
Ǵ˹ĵ죬һ죬Ͱ飬Ȼ뿪ˣ˿ȽζûȤ
ֻǴҶ̶ϾȥҪͷƶ˻ϣȻĺһСӡ
㣬ҿǱһƬƯȥ𣿡Сɵߣֵ˵
Ŷ΢Цʵ
ǱߣϦ£ģССָһ˵
ãǾ͹ȥϾҲһȥɣţŪСһ߿˶ʧ
ôģܼ򵥣ñһ⣬ͽȼ롣
ڣϾʵ
ţڣϦǲ˵ģԺǾͿС˵΢΢һЦ
ͽǱ֮ǰ˳Сָʾȥ
ԴҶ̶֮û뿪ʮ֮⣬һֱǴߣҲ֮ס
Ȼ֪Ҷ̶ûиоڳ˯УҲһ뿪
Ҷ̶Ժ֪µĻһᱻжһԻرֻ
òѾˣ
ңҲŵԣ֮ĹϵѾˣ˭õģΨһԻشģҶ̶ʲôʱ
ϦҫһƬĺ˾һĿ
㿴һʱҲΪ֮ǰһ
֮׷ڻ֮Уḧű֮ףʱ˿̱еҶ̶绨һ㣬쳣
ֻȴû͵ϸֻǾôʱҶ̶ô˵ˣ
ͬʱҲʧ֮УֻǿϦŻС裬Ͼ槼ȡ
ĶЦ˵Ҷ̶ģһȥµ
ʱ˿̣Ҷ̶ȻоԼӦò
ҲҪңȥһĵطϾڱ˵Ȼֻһʱڿ˵ģҲҪġ
ţͷãҲϲѾͷô㣡ң۵ʲôط㣬ǡ
˵ŹӣҪϾżѯʡ
ʲôϾҲ˳˼ȻϾʡ
ˣ˵

ϾһԱ仰ˣҪ˵ԼˣҪչһӣҪԼľıʱһЦ⡣
ߣӣЦ˼ң˼һӶ뿪ˣҪһӣˣϾС죬еˡ
˺ˣЦѣҪޣһ᲻ءιϾСӣЦ˵
ģⲻǿЦɡϾеɻؿ㣬û˵᲻Լģͬʱǰ᲻ԼҲ˵˵ġ
ôˣ
ȻģҲǿϲ飬УҲʧȥκˡ˵ְ֮ʱָˡ
ҪʧȥԺŻ֪ϧǰҲҴ̫࣬Ժһϧ
Ϧ£У㸧ű֮ףԶϦأ˵һһӶŵĻ

㴩ʥ۹ı߽磬һ߶ȥνʥ۹Ǹ·ѡ
ʥ۹Ǵ½ĹңҪǾҪᴩʥ۹ȻĻֻ·С
ǲΪŮʵ¼·Ầ±ץҪ˵Ѿȫ׼㱻֣Ҳһа취뿪
ļ죬½һ˵Ŀ⣬ӻ¼嵭һЩ
ȻҲΪģ˹ͻȻڰƲһɨա
¼Ǯ˶еһΣԼļҲڰϴ٣ͬʱǶҪΣķ
ķҪ֪ΪʲôҪ˹Ϊʲôᱻڰϴ٣ǰûз顣
һθڴǰҶʼ²ںڰʲôɫͬʱΪȴĽݳ嵭
ͬһ˵ģͬ£ҲôҽС嵭ˡ
ֻŮͻȻ񾭶ѣͱ˴ҪģС飡

ֻǣûгʱȴһ£ԭļƻңʼʥ֮ǳ


426 ʵ۵Ļ
ʥ֮ǣҪһλ񣬻ʵ۵Ļ
ʱ򣬴Ҿͻȥʣ˭˭л
Ůʺ㣿
񲻿ܰɣôӦأ
ĻŮʺҲκ˾лʱǲܵģŸոǵֻȻѾ˵ڣǾͲлȥڡ
ϾһĻʵۣ˵ĻҪʵ֣ܳڶʱﻻһ˵
ȻЩܣһεĻ񵽵ô£
ֻʱȴе˾òţεĻдѩӱӰС
Ҳ˵һΣŮʵĻ
ϤˣеǸʲôôͻȻŮʾл
ЩϤˣ㶼ϤҲԴûʲô뷨ǵ뷨ڱ档
һΣǱץģԼġ
֮ǰ˭֪ѾӻˣȴʽĻ񣬶ϴǸƵĻ񣬳Ů˭ϡ
ŮʣܵõһʽĻôᷴˣŮӵģϣԼĻܹʽûһ㣬ͬʱҲҪȫµ֪
ˣεĻֻǿ˼ֻҪͬ⣬ͻһλ
ڴҲ֪Ϊʲôͬ⣬ֻ֪ڵĽǣŮҪ飬㡣
ǣȻָ󲿷ֵˣȴҲȫкܶ˶Ҫ֪Ϊʲôͬ⣬ͻȻıҪŮʾл˵ʱҲܴæ
Ϣڣֻǰµʱ䡣
һ۹ʵ˵е̫ڴæˣһ˵ʵ۵Ļеһ̣м䶼Ҫһ꣬ʱ䡣
̣Ҳǰ꣬ûһһôæģֻ˰µʱ䡣
Ȼ˵Ļʵ۵Ļָʵʺ֮䣬Ů֮Ļ
ͨĻǾûˡ
ģ˵ΪʲôͻȻΪʲôͻȻӦŮʵĻ񡣡ڻ̨ޱüͷĵ
ޱѾҺܶˣҲ֪ô֪ôģ֪ҵڶûк˵һ仰ҡͷ
Ц˵Ȼ˵ԼںΪʲôأ
ֻǺ棬ԸôȢһķŮˣһǵһޱ˵ͷ濤˵뷨һģΪŮǸŮˡ
꣬С㣬˽˵˵Ϳԣ˵˵ͿԣҪǽлϷŮˡ
ϰһŮϴλҪǶץвҲܷ񣡡ޱ˵֮ԻҼ˵ֻΪڵĻֻĲſõ
ڰޱԻǾ˵ĻҲΪҲ²̸
ϵҲԽԽУ˵˻Ϊʿ
ֻ֪֪ҪǵˣͻǷģǲǰЦſŰޱ
УŮеѡޱصͲˣ֪ŮģʱҲˣôڻȢߣѵ̰ͼȨ𣿡
ޱе㲻ˣе΢΢
˵ˣ㻹ҪƭԼʲôʱںÿᵽߵЩŮӣͻġҪϣҿħʦôģһ֪𣿡ްЦ˵
Ȼ⻰еССĿ󣬾ħʦԷԸſ£Ҳ֪ģޱһЩоǿ֪ģ㲻ħʦҲƾŮӵо֪
𣿡ޱеԺǲϣе㲻嵽׶ʲô顣
Ժ㲻ںϲôߣô飬ôںȢŮˣָָޱԴӣе˵
𣿡ޱʵ
⻹ֹ㻹زüˣĿ֮£ܵĶһҲ˵ôأҪ˵ֻΪ֤ʵǸоŮǵطôԼϲ˿˭ġ
ҲԼ֪ԼѾϲˡ
ϲ𣿡ޱʵ
ʱһЩ顪
֮ʱǸʱȫԼòԼݣǺܳ׵ӣΪͲԼ
ǸʱǸƾɵС㳡֮ϣǣԼ뿪Ⱥ
Ǹʱڴ̿͵Ĵɱ֮£Լ󣬱Լ
Ǹʱ˵עĿ£ץסԼؿڡ
ǸʱԼľ֮£ȱĸ١
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ܿ죬ޱְϲô˵ѾϲŮӣ˵ϾҪˡ
һ̾Ϳ˵һ㣬ޱʵ㣬һеϲ㣬ȻҲὫЩ¶ǵôһܰж
˵ٴŮӣҲԼôҪĵطȥԼϲˣ˭أ
һΣҲǲˣȫüҲһԴºܲ
ҲֻǴе벻ͨҲҲб뷨
ϾҪˣ￴ţҪʲô˵ľٶҿܲţҪȥֻˣķԸޱһҪ
ͬʱ仰Ҳˣ̨֮ԭΪλְԱҲǻˡ
۹Ůֻʵ۵Ļ񣬵Ȼ顣
̨̤ʵһ׼ĹȥǸŮǵţǸ㳡
ÿһΣʵ۵ĻҪų֤õĵط
֮ϣվڵ̨֮ϣĹ㳡һΪһҪһλжܶࡣ
ڵȴ֮󣬽ǿʼϳˣɵһϳȴŮʵĳ֡
ߵŮʣŰɫĻɴ̫ϻʵͬ£ֻ̨ûжĵ˼ѵ֮ǰֻ˵Цǡ
ûעŮʵı飬ֻǿǰģ˵ΪʲôҪΪʲôҪȢŮˣ
ΪȨ



427 
ģЩ˽˵
ͻȻ֮䣬ĵ㿪ˣ̨ϵСڸûˣ⻰ҲֻĲ
Щɻؿǰĵ㡣
ʲôҪ˵ʲôѵԭֻǣΪʲôҪң
е㲻ףôͻȻлҪԼ˵һҪ˽˵ʲôҲãҲҪԼ˵
ѵ˼
ͻȻĵð뵽;е㺦ߣϳ΢΢ĺ⡣
ʲôҪȻ֮˵ںúĻ񣡡üĮ˵

ĳĬˣüͷǰ㣬ĮĻ⣬Ǿм⡣
֮ǰǾ仰ľ˵һЩ˽£ڿ񲢲ڻشԼ֮ǰ⡣
ոĻһҲڻشԼ֮ǰ˵ĻÿǰǺֱӵķſ֮ԻʲôﻰҲһֱԻ
Ϊ֪Ļ
ͳΪʲôڵԼĻ
ͻȻԼͨΪǰԼ˵װģ
ĺǺ棬Ҫ֪֮ǰҪȷһ¡
ҵĻ
ԣЩۣȻ˵

ѾȷǰԼĻ⣬ûȥ˵ɣҲһûмΪʱ򣬵ȷǲˡ
ŮѾˣ˵Ľ㿪ʼϣʱȻûл˽л
ȴע⵽ˣŮʱ䵭ûж飬һҲ˵Ϊе
ȻҲǺܷ
ѵ˵ŮѾΪҲǶԵģҲֻһʱѣİ㰮ķ
ʱѾͨˣϲˣΪ֮ǰǸٶѾ±޿أ顣
ͬʱĻõڶԱȽϴΪŮʱ򣬻᲻ĿܣԹͬʱҲһΣڵʲôƵġ
ľ£ƺԽԽϺ뷨һԼھе㲻˼뷨
ģ㿪ʼɣ˵
Ļ֮󣬾ͿŮʣҪ˼ȻһзεŮʣȻҪһŮʵ
ŮʳĬһ󣬾˵ʼɣҪĻǻģٵҲûõģ

ͬĬһᣬȻſʼס񣬲鵽ʲôĻ޹أΪġ
һʼľħ㳡֮ϵĽ³̣û³̣³̣һЩȴһֱʹõĿס
Ͳ˵ˣôһ£һЩʲô飬л֮ģʲôףʲô֤֮ġ
ʡԹȥĹؼԻ
죬ڳڴˣ֤λ˵ĻҴе飬ڳм֤ˣλһʥ⣡
㣬ǷԸȢѩӱӰΪӣϲЯֹͬԣƶ󣬶Ҫһ⣬ÿ϶Ҫʵ⡣
Ը⣡Ͼͻش⣬мûаԥ
ѩӱӰУǷԸ޸Ϊӣƶ󣬶Ҫͬе롣ʵ
Ը⣡Ů̻شҲûаԥһشʱҲһЦ⣬е㲻һˡ
֣ΪʲôЦˣѵ
ϸĵƺм⣬Ůǰ㣬üͷе΢΢
Ϊ֤ʵ⣬ĻǼĳţλˣ뽻ָǶԷ
Ҳǳֻ˵ʱеԣȴ˿ûмʥĸоĵص㣬˵ʲôһʥϢǼ򵥼仰Ҳһ
ȻǸͨ˵ĸоĳ˵ĸоǾе㲻һˣ˵ûио
⽻ָʱƺ׼õĽָҪŮʵָ֣
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ҲûŮʲ˼ô˵ǰǣ֣֪ŮԸˣ֪ŮǲܻẦߣǲẦߵġ
ͱˣŮʲ뱻ֶ֣Ըⱻ񵽵ôһ£ôҾúܺ档
ڣѾԿ϶һˣǾǸ뷨ģ㲻˼ҲãҲԿ϶ˡ
ѩӱҪˣʱ򣬻ʲôƢС˵ţеĸоӲץסŮʵ֡
Ů˵ףֻһʲô似ħŮӣȻ׾ͱץס֡
ŮȥֻǿŹ㳡һᣬкеζֻǣΪʲôζЩ⡣
µĽˣûϾͻǱ˵
ŮаĻȻȴˣˣԭŮⷽ˼
ŮɣƺҪĳ˹˼ĳͬʱҲ
ֻȴˣмһҪԭǾõϢ֪ǸҪ뿪½ӴԺٻҲ˵Ժûлټ棬ʲôϣûˡ
ҹȻֻһŮˣΪҵ
ˣɣ
ŮƺˣԭŵȭͷΪ˲öԷϽŶյȭͷģɿˡ
ʱһ˾ʱʱֺϷ绯飬Ҳν漣
ס֣ǲܽ飬ѩӱӰУ㲻ܼ޸ǰˣ
ʱһͼֹ˵Ǳ˷ģֻǾȣ˭û뵽˾Ȼˡ
˶Ϊ֮𾪣Ϊʲô˵Ļ
ģôˣ˶ģǸӣҲһġ
ֻΪո˵Ǿ仰ˣģ
İģ㻹˵ҲҪ˵ľٶԼʲǫ̂µİޱģͬʱҲһŲ⡣
ȫ˶ţҲ뵽ľȻֹ


428 
ģأŮʿģ΢ЦʵҲͻ飬˦
֪ΪʲôѵΪԼҸ𣿡ĿŮ˵
ʲôΪŮʿĵдһľȣողΪ֪ĵɶ΢ЦֻΪ˿ֹһ¶ÿġ
֮ǰ뷨ΪĲϲȢԼԲŷС쵰Ůӵ飬Ҳ˵ˡ
ҹ֮Ĵ˵ҲûУΪһֱûиػʿ㡣
ھǹ֮Ҳһûѡ
ڣŮȴĵжһЩ飬ûм棬˵û˵ģȻ֪Լһ㡣
ˣģħҵ
ͻȻ֮䣬Ůĵر֮ҲͶԴ˱ʾȻֻ벻ͨǣΪʲôĻֹԼأ
ϲ˲ǰˣϲĻش
㾹ȻܿмˣҲϲֻҪѡŮЦЦһ˵˶ڴգȫ˵ʲô
ʲôϲʲôֻҪ飿
ȫͷԡ
Ҫװˣ㲻ϲĻոôЦǧҪǰװʲôϲװϲֱһ㣬УҪһ㣬һľͷװĻ͸ᷢ㣬ҲԶòİһ˵⻰ڽѵŮʵͬʱҲид
ΪʲôҪдֻΪ˰ޱ
𣿡Ůûע⵽ĵǸдԼ飬Լܻô̵ʱϲһˣȫ߼
ֻǣȴûϲһǸҪ߼ͬʱҲҪʱ䡣
ʲôԺ˵ģֻԼ飬鲻ҪܣǰǸ˵
ҹܶˣܺ飡
ıԼǲӦù£ҲŮԼͻȻ뵽һ£ͱúǼ
µʲô£ûֱ֪ޱ׳˻ΪҲޱЦ˺óһʱ䣬ԺӰޱʱʱľͻóЦ
ģǰɫʼ³ˣһŭĻް˵
㣬ôˣֻǲ£㲻ӦȢŮˣʱ򣬿İޱ̨˵
ȫŮʣҲκε飬ʲôʲôҲ벻ޱԶûз
ޱʲôҽ㲻Ҫˡü
ʲôҸôͻȻƻˣѵҲϲޱãԼҪô˵Լ
ʱ򣬳µ˶ѾһĻĻˣϷݡ
ޱѾþûгǰʱͻȻ֣Ҳһ˹עʱ󲿷˵˻ǹעƻ飬ҲһŰޱĳе˷ܡ
Ҳ˵εϷԽԽˣƽǻϲֵıȽ϶࣬ǿʼҵ֣һʵ۵Ļȴ飬ô˾˷ܡ
ոհޱĻΪϲ㣬ԲƻĻ⵹һЩŷϡ
ڳ֧Щŵˣڶʼŵڴķչֵ֧ģҲһϾҲôİˡ
Ϲ˵ʲôϲˡĽޱ
ϲôͻȻƻߣ֮ǰƻ˵²ǲڵãԼƻûҲһǲ£ޱʼеͿʼġ
Ȼе㲻ʱҲ£Ҳ֪ƻ˻ʵ۵Ļ񣬾ǵ۹ŮҲһܳͷŮʲΪֻʱƻΪҲȥŮλá
ΪŮЩ±ͲӦȥʣӦԼְ
µǳʲôԭҪĳͷܴ
ˣֻǣһҪĵ˵
ԽԽ˷ˣϣ¾ȥܳµı仯˴̼ġ
ﶼ룬ȻԽԽʣޱ֮ǰȻҪƻĻ񣬱֮ĴžѾܶˣе˵ޱѾˡ
ʼΪ»ɽ֮ץΪ˾ɫǣַǺޱϵôãͱС˴֡
õһЩҫúܶΪвŮòһԡ
ȻЩǴţֻڴҾ⴫Ӧģ֮ȷŲѰĹϵ
ޱ³ˣѾˣĸ˵˵ҲΪ㲻һУŮݶԲҪˡ
̫Ϸ绯ˡ
ֻǣô벻ģǿʼиϷ绯ں档
Ȼϲ˵أ㣬쵰㵹˵仰ΪʲôҪȢŮˣޱͻȻǰе㲻Ծʵ
ȻΪϲԲҪȢ˵
ޱĬһᣬȻ˵ԭ㲻ǻ쵰ֲãֲûⳡ񣬹ֲҾòԾΪ겻ǻ쵰ˣԭͲ
ޱ˵һȫ˶Ļʲôвǻ쵰˭
ģովǷ˲Բֹɡ
ţĵͷ
ι˭ΪʲôҪð㣡ޱֱָǰ㣬֪ٵ˵
ޱ仰ô⡣
Ŷԭ㣬Ǳðġ

ʲô
ʱ֮䣬㳡Ȼˣ˭û뵽ɣ۹ĵȻǱ˼ðġ
ˣŮ˸ȥ˵ģǡ㡱Ͷűϵ˽е밬ޱΪӣĻͲ˵ʲô
űϵ밬ޱʱǸ㡱ֺܲм˵˵һ䣺Ҳ㣬˭ǣ
ȻǱˣһȻ󣬵ȴĴÿ˵Ķ


429 Ŀ
С쵰
֮Ů۾һĴҪѰԴֻķʽر޷ȥѰ䡣
оԴǼʥ׵ĸ֣ҲǴģȴ϶˭ġ
Ҫ˵Ǽǵ˵ķʽҲǼ£ǸСӾûб˿Է
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ֻǣԼǰѵ˵ǰлǼٵģ
ҲǣǼٵģŮô󣬻С쵰ôأΪһʼŮʾ֪ߵǼٵģһڴ١
ŮʽĳΪС쵰Ǽ˽֪飬ǸʱĳܵʱŮŵġ
棬棡˶Դʱˡ
棬棬ֻһطǾŵ档
С쵰ݶʲôŮʶݶ΢ЦţЦţǸоոյĲȫͬˡ
ʱҲ֣ڻʹݶϣһ棬΢Цǰһеĸоɢš
һͻȻһܲ˼飬ĳϣŮҲʱ̣˵̫иǾ˵ʵ̫ڿ¡
ǰǸǲеģǻʹʥ۹ĻʹƽʱҲǷɭϣοʱأ
ˣֻ˵һ£̫ˣ¶ܺϢĳ棬һ죬Ҫɱʵ۵Ļǲ練Ƶ飿
˾ȵģ˾ȵǣ߻һŮ飬Ӧ˵ŮһŮݼ֮ϣһŮǱˮƵ֮С
ˮ˶ܿŮ
ŮΪʲôˮ֮УڶڼУΪŮǲжģҲ˵ҪŮڵˮ壬壬䱸ɭϵĵطȥɣû˷
ʵ󣡣
̫࣬һ㣡ɺܼ򵥣Ҳ˾˭ҲɣΪ˶࣬ܵǵطȥ
ɣŮЦţȫ飬ֻҪһǿɶЦ
Ҿܾҵʲô󣡡ֱӵľܾϻܾˣԵ޹ʱŮ˺üΣڻŶûС
ԹԵڲˡŮǺСƵģֵ
㵱СӰУܶˣ㲻ҽ㣡
ŮʵͷЦ˵ţҲ㣬ˣӿнһͣչ㡣
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˺ˣҲ˵ˣлҪ㣡Ů˼ˡ
һεĽѵףԼҪץסС쵰ǲܵ飬Ҳ֪С쵰ʲôʲôסҲס
̫ΣˣݳʱĹ۲죬ܲȫɫܾŮʵ顣
ʱĹ۲죿Ůͷϳһ˿˿ߣǾ˵㲻Ǹողŵ˶ˡ
ŰСʱɣʱǻûءʵػش
Ů֮ϾͷˣС쵰ȻôˣΪʲôŸ
ҳأȴܺʵ
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ζԻ˶סˣⶼʲôʲô
ԣŮҪ޸㣬һǵ׷ͣȴԸ⣬Ůȫûһ˼ոŮʾлĴʣָʱûгֹ
Ȼ㲻ңΪʲôҪŮĵҲ뵽ˣԼ֮ȷ־磬ԼҲϲ޸ֻҪƻ
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Ҳ뵽ģΪҪţѩ鷳ϧκεĴۣ⵱ȻҲĻ
ˣŻǸʱͻȻҪ飬ʹΪ
ʱǻһ΢ı仯ŮҲԼеϲеǸС쵰С쵰ǿɶӣſÿС쵰ܡίӣÿġ
ֻҪ֪˭ôģٰңпЩɵѾͷǲǻһ仰ͽɵˡ
һ棬Ҫ֪˭ڸĵ飬ڶҲҪǣҪ֪ƶǲҲᱻƭԼȻһ鷳
ãЩѾͷûɵûҲɵѾͷǵŮֹʲô㿴˵
Ŀ㡣
Ƭ֮ͷ˵ˣ㲻˵ޱһ£
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ʱŮҲ֪ΪʲôȻҲܺԭ򣬲ڸ֪һ¡
Ȼֻǿѩûڣֻǿ˭ٰ㣬ҲûбҪͻȻ֣һΣΪʲôŮʿʵ
ȻɣȻôãΪʲôֳأ
ûлشֻʵ֪λ񵽵ʲô˼Ϊ˰𣿡
ǣѾõϢ֪С쵰Ҫңѩһ뿪½Ҳ˦ңŮʺֱӵͷϡ


430 Σ
Ůʿ㣬ּᶨǲԶģѩԼȥңڡ
мΨһǣΪ㣬Ϊѩе˵ˣԼҲе㲻
ΪС쵰Ϊѩ޵УҲ߶пܣ
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㲻Ҫ֪ˣǲǴŮʿ㣬ܲ˵˵
ţûҪȥǻˣҪҪϷҲˣÿﶼûк¡ֱӵĳϵһŵطĿҺһǰֲϣûҪǲģ

ʲôаֲϣҲڰֲ
Ҫ˵ʲô
Ȼ˵Ƿˮ塣
зֱ
ȿȡ
ԹŮĻ֮󣬾ͺݺݶ㣬ҧ˵С쵰ҲǲҪ뿪½֮㲻˦
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ҲкܶĽţŮΪԼİ飬ߵȨǶô˸жľٶ
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ޣʲôǧżѻʲô飬ûкʲô飬ֻһηѣһŮˡ
Ůˣַˣ㿴Ůʣֱӵ˵Լеĸܡ
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㣡û˵һ䣬ȻŰޱЦ˵ιޱҿز⼸ûб󡣡
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Сɣĳ£˵Ļ°ޱȥ׷ɱ
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ҪǶޱҲһߣʵҲ̫ݶ˵Ǻܼ򵥵ġ
ãĿ͹ˣȷǱ˵㣬ֻǻС˵㣬ԵǲǻһЦ˵ޱԼ¡
ޱʱе㲻ˣʲôСץ֣ԵʱȴС˵һ仰
꣬Ҫ˵ˣҸоðҵСкܴ⣬̫Σˡ
仰Ҳ˵һ㣬԰ޱĿĵģ֮ǰҲͲᱻ˻ɡ
Σգޱеɻ󣬲Ȼɻ󣬵ǣڹҰ
û˵ϻȻʲô㰲һﲻҪûн㣬Բ뿪ϾæѾͷԺģĳ̶Ⱥûʲôֱ𣬾ǻ衣
ߣأ춼֪Ժ˯ޱܲ˵ػص
ʲô죬һʮĸСʱһСʱ˯˸СʱʮСʱûУֻһС룡һ䣬òƣĻˣ˯˯ʮСʱԷҪСʱˣ
Ǹʱ밬ޱദ֪һЩϰߣС״̬ѾһЩСöˡ
һĹС㣬Է˯ʮСʱҪϴ绯ױСʱȻ󻨵㹦죬һ͹ȥˡ
˼ֻǳһ㣬ûгԶ٣Ų㣬һٷҳԺü졣ޱʾط
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ǲǣ˼ҲŲǣ˵˼Ҿÿޱˡ
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ѩʲôʱǼģôˡԼֱۣҪԼ⣬ֱֻ֮ϣ֪жٵӡ
뿪ʱѩѩǵ𣬾˼䡣ޱص
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ֻȻѩʱ˵ޱҧѪֻ᲻ˡ
ǺõĲѧѧЩëԺҪҧˣȻ죡
ҵ죬ҵĸԲ׷ɱ㣡ޱ
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ޱһʱʵϵȷ
ʱ򣬰ޱͻȻһ£㣬˵ΣգΪʲô棿
ģµģǸðҵˣǲġص
ޱʵΪʲôΪŮ𣿡
ǣȴ˰ޱ뷨
ǣ
ţǲŮ޹أ£Ϊҵˣ㿴Ǹ㡱ƽ˵


431 ѩ
㿴ܣ鲢ǽŮҪô򵥡
ıڻʹ棬һȺȺΧͬʱ˷ݶ֮ϣʼԼԼ˳֡
ӦǾϴֲ֮©ݶ֮Ҳʼ÷Ա
ⱾҲŮҲΪ˷ֹܣڸ֣ϾһΣĿΪ˽ȻǾһһܵ
ˣЩˣҲ֮С
ǣ㲻֪ΪʲôоЩ˺񲢲ǽǷֹԼߵģƺűĿġ
ѵ˵ַʲôʣ
ĻԼǲӦӦǾ仰ֲϣÿﶼᷢõ顣
ϾСĵ㣡еŹ֡Ͼ˵
ţ֪ϾͷӦ
ʱԭһ߷İޱͻȻ˵㣬˵ҲҪ˵֪˲ôֻ˵鷢֮ҲŮˣҪһȥɢɢģ
ոհޱڷ˵ֻΪԲΪҲֻܽŰޱĿڣԼ˼
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˶û뵽ģû뵽鷳֮ˣҲӦô鷳飬ȥɢġ
Ҳ˴Һܾãֱһ죬µʱشˣش˺þá
ɾǣġô࣬Ҳĵѣãͬʱô˵Ҳĺ󱲣ҪǣĲ鷳Ϊ޷ͨԵڡ
Ҳ˵ֻΪһưͣߣΪоĵĴڶԼʲôֱ
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ޱþãе㲻ŵ˵Ӧˣ㾹ȻӦˣأǲҲԴһȥɢɢģϲһ𳪸赯٣ûİ࣬ҶûȤٳˡ
˵棬ޱеԹĸǻˣΪϷΪû㣬ϲˣֻΪãûְ࣬Լĸܷӵ£Ҳûκε塣
㣬ˣ̫鷳㿴˿ޱȻܲ˵
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Ҿϲ裬Ȼôȥʲôߣֲϲ˿šޱؿ˵š
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ΪҲ֪װģʲôʱʶ㵽ڣȻе㱿ģȴǿҪ
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쵰Ҷˣ㻹ҾܾҲܣĿȥҲȥȻҾȥѩҺһͲˣǣҲҪѩ򣡣ޱ̾ͱɫץֱۣͿʼв
ߺߣҪ˦С㣬ŶûУˣҾҪ㣬㲻Ը⣬Ҿȥѩ򣡣
ѾӦѩһѩ򲻹ܣ͵һһ
ֻҪһҾͻлᣬһлᣬҰ࣡
ǰࣿ
òưޱڵֻһ𳪳裬̸̸飬ǵ٣
ڱ飬ޱʱûĻԺΨһԿ϶ľǣҪһԺ˵
ݣ֪ҾͲˣǾ仰İ컵£ڰޱķʽҲûа취ˣҪŵѩֲǸʲô취ܾ
ֻҪѩͬ⣬ǰޱͿѩһ𣬶ѩֲὫߣҲᶪܡ
һֱڷƶߵķ濤ûл˵ҪţֻΪ濤ŵǷƶ
ͬʱ濤ǰޱôԣ˵ޱ֮ĹϵҪȷ濤Ӻܶ࣬Ҫ֮ǰŮеһЩ˻Ҫһ㡣
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ιιǵʲôطȫ濴Ǵ𣿡һеĴ֣˿ʼˣǸð㡱ˡ
Ŷ˼˵һ㣬ǲǴΣ˶ԿóǲֹϵǴС㷢Ƣ۸ʵˡ˵
ֻĶȴ˵һ£ֻޱڴϣ˫ס壬Ȼ΢΢üС㣬ֹûУڶʲôʱˣ֣
Ļ˵ⲢҪͰޱʲôֻܶԺܷסޱֱŤҪǣҧԼ
ҿֱ۰
ˣҵġޱ޷ֻ÷ԹԵ㻳УһģʵϣҲ޷
Ҳ°ޱܣͰһƣԼУҪʼ˵˵顣
˵֮ǰȴҪȷһ¡
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ţ
Ӧ֪ͰһͷĶ
ɣƽ˵
Ŀ㣬ΪĻʱС
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ޱû˵ֲǲֻ֪ħôôߵĵطſңҽ
ã˵治ȫ㲻ȥ˰ޱ顣
׼ô죿
ܼ򵥣ģ²ҪҲҪ£΢Ц˵
ڳ˶׼Ҫʲô
ܿ죬ľˣԭֲýҲҪҪ¡
ͻȻĵĽ³˱㣬ܿ죬Ϳʼˣһ̴һݶš
ģڿУһѩһ㡭
һ̣˶ͻȻֵģλһĻסˣ


432 αӲƷ
Ļǲ̫ܳã̤ݶһ̣Ǳͻɢڿˡ
Ʈɢʱķ䣬ʹ⻭ӵ˱
˶סһ̣һµĻ棬Ҳһ֮Уһ̣һ档
ڹݶ֮ϣ΢Цŵ㱧е㲻СİޱϾɵߣģġ
Ҷ̶ҲǾģ˯Ǳ֮֮С
ģɢʥϢһݼ
ȻһǶݵģҲܿʧǵȴ㣡
һЩˣ˹עһ̣ȴ𺳣ǵУһЩ⣬ҪħҪҪٵ׼ȷȡ
ոǿֶݵЧиһ𺳣ûһΪԼġ
һ̣ʵһµ֪룬ԼȵĻǽһ䡣
ҲͻȻߵʹħԭ֮һΪ˾һЩˣҪһЩν飬ȻΣԼš
ֻǣһΪȴһ˵ĲǾŮʡ
ֻŮϳԹ֮Թ˵С쵰˶ȥˣͰ棬ʲô˼ѵУһλû𣿡
ס䣡㶶һ壬ǲǸոյĺ̫ˣôе䣬Ͼûо
ӡϾеԸʵȴúЦһֵҸ
һϾᷢĵ΢ЦܰҸ
ǰɣǲӦûȥӼ·ٻûиоϾУ⻰ͬ˵
С쵰ҪǸˣҾϡŮʽеֻ˵棬ȴòʲôв㡣
ҾǰסΪǰŮóŮ˵ľУҪЮ
˵ʱߵ֮ϵıԵֻҪһŲͿȥ
Ҫȥ𣿡ʵҲûеŮʻش𣬾ͼ˵ҪȥĻҾȰ㲻Ҫˡ
ô֪𣿡Ůĵ
ǹˣȥأὫѹɣȴѱ˸ŪˡȰ㣬ҪĻҸ˵İ취ϵ߷Ҫô󣬻ûʹģǳ԰ҩҵϾҩе
һ˵ţŮʵһȥĶͷѾ⻹ģ㻹˵һĻ̲ס쭵Ļ
ȿȣڳ˭Ҫûʹȥҩһƿұ֤԰ģҲһƿƽʱ԰ȵ˯Աʱ֮裬ͬʱпԷģƷûκεĸá
ʱ㾹Ȼ˳˹棬ҹﻹ
ʱ֮裬ⲻ˵Ҫɱʱ򣬿ɱ
С쵰ҵţҲ˺죡ŮŭգĴѰȥİ취
ϣһһߵð˵
˭ҪС쵰ҵģ˭Ҳ˭һëҾ֮أŮȴ飬һ籦һ㻤ţ˭
Ե֪ŮȻȴֵֻ֮ìܣ˲֣ͬʱҲκ˺㡣
ϣעԼڵݣҵӡðе˵һ𾴣¶һЩԭûбע⵽顣
ȻģҪǶԵģֻᱻǣ棬ŰĽ׳ϡ㿴Ѿ֤ʵһЩ룬һߵ˵
ĵͷΪ֪ԲŻͻȻҪȥɢɢġ
űԭ򣬵˭Ҳ֪ǲ֪
㣬˵ʲô㻳еİޱʵ
εĻ񣬲ŮҸҳҪһ䣬ҵСŮǷԸǲӦӦ˸Ҫѩ뿪ԺٻǷĸֳˣΪһԴӦ£Ҳ֣ʲô£һǲˡ
㻺˵жŮʵֲһеΪее˵еϲ
£ֻҪﵽĿģͿԲֶΣⲻԸ
ʵŮһ񣬶һ㣬ҲܼɵĳϣҲԼʱôһŮʻҪһ㡣
飬ʵ²Ĳ࣬ŮʾΪյϢԲŻӦ£ȻԸ񣬾Ҳίȫ
ͬʱҲһ˾лκһˣᣬ㡣
֮Գ㣬ҲΪҪѩ鷳٣һʼʱ뷨
Ǿ仰ŮʻʲôֻŮԼ֪϶һ˾÷Ϊ
ӣ˭ӣҪ˵Ҫķ軰һ衣Ůʺܲм˵òҲʼ˵Լˡ
ҪˣոѾˡð˵
ҲҪˣҸոǼ޸㣬Ǽ޸ǸС쵰޹ءŮʺܲػص
ʱð㲢ûֹͣǼ˵Ҿ㣬ǸֻǼðġ
ҿҪļˣûôҪġ̵
ţ˿ð㣬˵УҪðƷҲҪһ㣬ҪôרҵҪݣԺңҰúܱһһԵķ档ȫֱαӲƷ
ţȫαӣŮʵͷ
ҵҪ֪Ϊʲôһ˵Ҳ㣬ĵ㲻ǣðʵҲ֪м䵽ǳʲô⡣
ΪʲôһԼԼ֪Ǽٵġ
ŮޱҲЩʶˣȻֱܷ棬Ͳö˵ˡ
ȣС쵰ƯˣƤϸ壬Ҳ𪣬оҲܺáŮ΢Ц˵
ιιŮˣҪ˵˧ܶ࣬ƤǼ¾ͲҪˡӦ˵ҵôǶôˣŮΪ֮㵹αӲƷͲһһ۾Ƿġ㿪ʼ˵š
ϾŮʼˣ֪㻹Լ̧ߣԷ͡
Уٵ΢ЦˣôᣬôУαӲƷͲˣģʬЦݡ

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433 Ļ
ˣСӣްΪʲôϲ㣡ðɫĺܺںܺڣ˵
ոһӾ˵ʮһǴԼ̧ߵ㣬ͺʥһ㣬һһ˼˰ʥˡ
ƢҲ񣬱ٵƢôᣬƽ׽ˣᷢ𡣡΢Цţˡ
С쵰˵ñȳúŮ޵

ȥҪ͸ȻҺû꣡Ůе㲻˵ؽе
ʲôôˣ㣬֪᲻ᱻݶѹˡ㿴Ůʣ˵
С쵰⻰ʲô˼Һһ˵һû˵㣬˵Ůŭ֮ǰ˵һһأǸʱ뷢쭣ֻûҵᣬ˵ͱᣬǰ֮ˡ
ͣݰͰ͵ģأصֻǣеģġ
ݰͰˣߣŮȻˣ˵ݰͰͣоϺ˵ûûƨɡ
һһ˵ϸ˵
⻹࣡ŮʿʼЦˣ⻰˼ȻҲУֻ˵ͬоȫͬˡ
ȣȥŮʶһվŵŮ˵С쵰ǲȥˣҲԼֻԼ취ȥˡ
ϣⲻ̫ðɣȿŮʣֿһߵ̫ϻʡ
ǲҲŮۿŰȣðȾһ⣬𣬶㣬ٲҲûа취һ˱ˣȫͬˡ
ҡֻŮʵĻ׼Ůʱݶ
ҲֻŮʵģŮʵˣŮǲǻʵۣһŮʵĻ˵ǲᡣ
ոգֻǾʣԲҪѰһ̫ϻʵ
ҲΪԾֹҲᡣ
ȣҪϵĻڲȥð㿪ʼֹŮʵΪΪϺѿ
ڵΪŮѾˣȻǲ֣ҪҲҪڼ裬ĳ¡
ŮʣȺᱧǰ˫ֻŰȵĲӣᶼð㣬ֱ˵ȥ
Ҫͻȥ裬ڲҪٷˣͻȻðŮ밬ȵǰס˰ȵĳ·úܵ͵Ů˵
ʱŮʻû˵Ѿˣιֱ˺ܶ࣬ǰ˺öֻ࣬ѩҪܶ࣡ʵǽٶȣ㶼̫Զ
ҸһϹӱȽϣ𣿡ð˵˶֪ѩѾָӾԻΪѩ˫ۿһϹӡ

³֣ӦðǳĻ⻰Դѩĸо
ȻʵϣҲûʲôѩȷһϹӣüǱ˵Ҳûκε壬ʾԷĳª
ֻǣȴòˬ⻰ĸоǲˬ
ǣ˵һϮð㣬Ϊ˶һ
ûͻȻѣΪһ仰ͷʽôͻȻ
ѩеĵλǴ˵еô򵥣ʲôˣǶ֣ŵֻǶԹоΪһս
˭һ㣬ȻôͣΪһϹӣ˷ѣ֮¡
ʱ˭һһЩĻңԹ󣬹
ͬʱ˶ܿʱǴڱģǿлеһˣˣӦþýŵ飬仹Ϊһ㲻̫Ҫ顣
ȻֻΪģҪ顣

ð㿴һԼϮ¶֮⣬Ȼ뷨ҲһϮԼ
ȹ龪ȣ̾һܶյı
Ϻƽֻǽż赭дĻӳǿ񱩵ı׷ð㡣
Ȼ赭дһŰޱǱٶȣȴС
䣡
䣡
ײŵľ죬ÿ˵顣
ŵĴıðʼ³ˣƺԼľԽԽԶڼһңɼĵز
ո£˵赭дǶ˵ȴǾŬȫԸܶ㿪
һ̣ΧڣЩŵˣʵеͷۣˣԼЩǲӦ
֪ʵȼͨˣֻǾħܻ㲻ԼĵԸ
ʱ򣬾ɵӣҲ֪ݼ֮ϵġ
ʲôȥʱȷĲǱˣŮʡ
ôõĻᣬΪʲôҪð㱻ƵһȥˣҲûŰȡ
ŮΪʲôȷԭܼ򵥣һֱĵԼôȥʵ⡣
˵ˣעʵ⣬ҲǾÿģʲôȵģ֮ͲʵеȣʵٸߣҲġ
Ӧ˵һäĿľɡ
ǣŮʵĻŷӦһԾ𣬷ݶ
һ̣ŮʵİɫɴڷƮһŮʴߵоһֺܴ
ҲΪɴԭҲŮϵЦݡ
һ̣Ҷ֣ŮʵЦݺҺǴ࣬ȻƽʱЦȫͬ
ѵΪ
Ӧ
ݶ֮ŮʾðȷԼȻǰɫĻɴȥǸоں̺ϵ
ڣȥģҸġ
оڳÿ˶УȻֻ֪һִǻǼסһ̣Ϊһ̣Ů֮Ļ
˵ĻΪʲôô֣ϴǸ֣Ҳһе㲻
˵һεĸоĲҲֻΪŮڴŻɴԭɡ
ʱŮҲĴ·ڲĻʼ
ԾǴ
еͷͬ⡣


434 ֮
С쵰𣿡Ůʿеʧ㣬΢Цʵ
ͷֱӵĳϣ߻ãӣʲôߣиԡ
ҽֲһ飬һߡŮЦţЦúҲ档
ǷĵЦݣ
ҿˣʵû࣬ŻҪһ㣡ҡҡͷ˵ţ滹һ仰Ҫ˵Ůһص
Ȼ֮Ҳһӣʱһ㣬˾øһ㡣
ȻֻǸˣڸʱĿ
˵ʲôС쵰ոյ黹ûˣָ˵ޱÿ㣡Ůһ˫ʱ˫ŰޱһαŮסˡ
ҲˣÿŮҪʱǶ㲻ΪΪǸȥ㿪ϰ߳Ȼţֲ⡣
ڣޱĻУͳŮʵһССϰͿðޱÿȫȫ
ŮǵĶŮǶеסˣû뵽ŮʻĻȻ֮ǰŮ˵ֻǸʱŮǶΪڿЦ
ʵǣŮʷǵˣһǵŴҵ棬ôȻ
ŮţŮⲻǵһˣǰһȻôôôȻ
ͬʱҲŮԼ
˰ɣһϲҧҧϲôôҵɳǳͲ
㿪ʼˡ
Ҿϲţô֪֪ÿ춼ӣӣҾ̲סҪСŮĿ顣
ιιС㵱СӰǴ㣬˵˾úЦĸо
쵰Ҳн죡ޱ̲סЦϾ¶Ц⡣
˾űܰ
ֻǣܰȴܿ챻ƻ
ǵʲôطˣǸðüµʵҲûʲô̸ģһ˵Ҳϲġ
ƺʱֱһҲãΪʱ򣬼ʹҪάֻҲһΪڵЦͬʱҲ֪࣬ټֻѹ˿ӷƨһ٣
ֻҪɣʱѹһʱ䣬Ͳ̸£Σ
ŮˣΪʲôᱻ˸壬ӦðûˣֻѾվһ΢΢üŮʣƺҲڵʲôֻǶʱǱһ΢Ц
ҲҪðȫһвĸоӦһּ˵簮ɣԼذ֪鷳ֻԼеš
ʱܿ
ǲܵģѾ԰ڴҵǰٳٶҲóοһѾע⵽Ҳ³һЩ
ûʲôǱһѾ׼ıļˣҲλԺרӲǸ𣿡Ů΢΢һЦ赭дĴ
㲻λӺΪһʼͶλûжȤҲãķŮ˻һͨ˱Ƚϣ˺ˣҲᱻ˺ͬҲ΢΢һЦԴҲһƽ
ˣҲһΪ˶Է룬öԷõģҲ˸ȫں飬˱һԷˣʲô¶⡣
ǰҲҲһ£źۣÿ춼Ҫĵģһһ㡣Ůߣֱۣؿļϡ
ȻһߵŮ˵ĸо˵ʼҲǣ˵ĽҲǣ֮һ˵ĸо
һ˷͹ˣʲôҿһˣ˵·˵һһʵ
Ź֣ޱŮͬʱ˵

ʱ˽Χס㼸ڵţݶҲվһŵĹ㳡ͨѾȥʣµֻЩɢŶ
ţģá
ֻ˵ĺ޵еģŵĳ棬һк֮һ߿ţ١
ŷԶĵطЩ˾ӵվǱߣѵһĺϷ
ķ˵һֿǰݣַҪĳǽҪ࣬ڻƺԽԽࡣ
ʱƣ˷˶߽ɴ˿ɼӳ̶ȣ˵ǶŮʵӡ
ΪŮˣǾͻڵļƻܶ಻Ҫ鷳
㣬ҲףΪʲôôصŮӣеŤªݵѩӱӰУҲһôϲ㣡ð˵ĻУòƶŮеᷳƺλƻĳ̶ֳ϶˵һ¡
һʼͲϲŮʣȻҲ˵ۣ֮ԻŮʽлҲֻΪһĿģҪķʽϢĿʥ۹
ȻһļƻĽԼֵ棬ȵʱ죬ʽȨ
Ļ˶Ƚ׽ܣͲҪһЩҵֶΡ
ȣҪ㣬ΪʲôôϲңǵȻҵͷһһµһʿĸо
һߵŮŮ밬ޱûİһۡ
ΣҪһ㣬ŮȻ˵㣬ȴԲªϣϣ̫ڱ棬Զ޷µ㵭˵ΪŮʽз
Ů֮󣬾ԼٴίҲֵõģ˵۹ںֻҪԼͿԡ
ʵϣԭͲ˵۹⣬ίҲûж٣ǣŲΪ˱˵ĻпҪίԼ
ߣȻһЩŮӣðȴĻΪֻںŮӡ
ʱŮЦ˵ľͷҪǻŮӾͺˣһϲʵʵ˵ʵҿĵ顣
ǲǲĻҾǣһֱң֮£һʲôò
ҲŮʲ㱻ɣҲѾҪߣͽϵõһ
涼ŮµӣеϢĸо



435 
ʱ򣬿Ůµûκһ覴õ˿ʼˣŮʸûбݹ
ΪŮ֮Դߣֻǲ뱻ɧţ̰ͼɫ뿪ԽԶԽá
ֻ̫ϻʵĻȴ˻صԭ뷨ŮʵȷǱٹݡ
ֻ̫ϻʣе㷢ؿݼϵŮʣе㾪ɵʵѩӱʲôʱõģ
ͺˣϴС쵰µĵڶϣͰκˡŮʿϣش̫ϻʵ⡣
ʱŮʵû֮󣬸һĻɴ䣬ЦݣȫһҸе
֮󻹴ߣΪûȫָ𣿡̫ϻʵţŮʵʱȻκˣȴǲܼˣԲŴߡ
ȻѵţԼŮκҲȻԸԼ
ĸĸԸš
ֻŮȴû뵽һ㣬ֻʵشǣǸʱѾָˣֻҲ뱻˿С쵰ԣҶ뱻
˵ʱŮ̲ס֣һ
ӣӣ
װ⣬Ůţãʱһ˲ȥΪԼȤʱͻԶˡ
ֻǣŮʲãǼţᣬûŪʹ˼
ҲҺûʲô뷨˭ðС쵰ĵģȻһСŮӣôܱסԼ塣Ů΢ЦţԴ˾úҡ
ûһͱòҪл񣬲һŷǷ֮롣
ʹ˺лҲûҪͬ
ȵȻΪΪúֲܿΣ˭ҺŮһס仹˯һŴϣʱôҲ֪
ȻڶǿԱģһص㡣
ʱЩҲںڣԼΪʲôȿŮʵܾܵõˣܵõɽȻǱϵġ
ô˵ǽɽ˽Ե֮
ںˣ߶Сռˣֻ˭벻СӻԸȥٰ㣬һԸȢһªŮˣȻֻ֮ǰ뷨
ģõߣҲû˸Ҫ㣬̫ˡ˵
С쵰ŮûغһۣȻû˵ˣҲѾϰĻ
ˣλȻҶиԵǴҾɢ˰ɣҪӰ첻ãʱ򣬶˵Ȼע⵽ϵԽԽֻ࣬ûѡ
Ϊߵ𣿡ð˵²˽⣡
ʲô˽ģ㣬ǲҪʵλӣҪ۹ʵ
ûһΣڱصãðҲΪѾûʲôˣ߲֪ˣԼ˺֪ˣȻûʲôġ
ǲͽˣȥǵģûǣҪǣһûӣһ׳һһһ
ʱƺЩ֪ôش⡣
Ļû⼸ˣȻǲֹ˵ıλΪ⼸ˣһ²ؼ߸߹ͣġ
ʣµģֻںģںκġ
װǱپǨһ㣡΢Ц˵ȣŮڷӣֻҪõĶһõͬʱҪĶԲҪ
ߣŮʲ˵غߵ
Ҳ˵Ҫʵ۵λӣͲٻҪҪߣҪ鷳
ΣǵΪǲ㣬ΪڳеģҲ˵ıԣû˭˭ֻʤΪ
Ǿٽһ£򵥵˵ǲΪĵǰôô棬ҪǾͿԡ
Ѿѻ˵ĺˣֻҪԷҪǵ¾ȥˣԺҲٳҲͻһЩ˵뷨š
ֻǣʱȴԸˣǿʼʼμǾȥסˡ
ûйϵֻҪͲȥڳһڴǰ¶ˡ
ʱУһҪǼٵģҪƽһ˵ǼٵģҲһҪһ˵
ͬʱҲŮʲܾˣȻһ˵
ʵ˵ҲǿԱģֻǻкܴ鷳ֻСĶȣǲûнС
Ϊھ˲ߡ
ֻûֹȥǳ鷳ҪֱӶȨҪ鷳
ҲܹǣôҲû뵽ֵ̬زһּߵĴڡ
㲻ߣճУðƵʧյľ֮ð㿪ʼ˵Ҫ˵ĻҪʧ
ǵĻʲôʱУ޹أǰɣС쵰Ů֪˵һ˵ͬʱΪǵġҪ˵ġ
ǰɣ룬ͷϣȷ˵Ļ
ҪС쵰ʧǳΣ붼ҪˣŮ˵ţȫһ˭㣬ͻ˭̬ȡ
ʱѾûжˣҲһЭҲķɡ
Ůˣ£㲻Ҫܣ㰲ĸһ߿šȴϲһŮ˱ڱҪҲˡ
ŶŮᣬ˳һСһ㣬ǰ̬ȣǴ۾
Ů˸òҰɡ
㲻ЩŮʸոǾ仰ǲΪԼԼ
ˣһôԼԼڶౣһҲǺܶࡣ
Ǹ˭ƺҪĨɱǰɣƽʵ
û㲻ӦûӦóð˵
ʦԺǵڼ棿𣿡ʵ

⻰ȷһʵɱǵ桭


436 ǧ϶
£Ѿ֪𣿡ð㿴㣬²Ϊ֪ԼĽе飬ԲŻ˵
ʲô£˵𣿡ʵ
ҵݣѵѾˣðе㾪ȣԼողûʲôر飬һֱСĽŮʣҲ֪˭żһ棬ô֪أ
׻
һۿѾ֪˭ˣĻô˵أڵĺԽԽ񻰣̫үҶԸҪҡͷϧ˵š

Ĭ
ðĬ㲢֪Լ飬ֻΪԼݣԲŲµЩ飬ֻôģ
ŮʳĬֻǾú
С쵰Ҫװˣһ֪㣬ϲ˼̫үϲռ˼ұ˶ѡСڣŮһ㣬û˵ţһ⡣
ҵСڣǸ˭ôģ
㲻ʶģҲˡƽ˵ȴڳ˶еǾȡ
Ůʣ̫ϻڣǶһе㲻˼飬Źǰ;Ĵ꣬ôԸ飬ٰ㡣
ǰһʮָ֮߰Ϊʲô飬Ը񲻷ϡ
ѵ˵ֻΪ˼
ӦһеˣʱҪΪ˼Ĵۣ۵ĴСԼܿƵģ벻ҲԼġ
һʱҪ뷨
ҲһִۣһУòٻͬʱҲһЩ⸻ٻ
£ȴΪһЩ˵ԭ򣬲ȻôҲֵ£ѡкܶࡣ
Ȼ˵ð㣬ԷޣⶼǱģʵֻһӣ˵һܡ
ˣôȥһأǰǾԲܵ顣
ֻǣЩ귢飬е仯ްһ飬̼ȣԽԽƫԽԽݡ
Щ˾֮ǰܱŹޱȵΣֻΪûܹκεĴ֮󣬳ܲסͻȫˡ
һ仰˵Ļ䣬紵
⣿Ǹμ֮⣿ޱȵʵȻǵ⣬ͬʱе֮ǰǸ߹ȷǷĹӣô
ԣͷ
ޱüͷʵôӣ
ɵѾͷ¸ǣ˶ǻģԽǴαߵˣ仯ͻԽ󡣡㵭˵
Ůʿ㡣
˵㣬Ҫҡ
ߣ
ðĬˣ֮󣬲ſڵ㣬ȷһ˾ˣΪʲôһۿʲû¶κε
仰Ҳ͵ڳݣ˵˵û
㿴⣬ƽ˵ûзһǿһۿҲһ㡣˵Ϣʵһһģ޷ģµĸо
Ŀ㣬΢΢ͷԴ˱ʾͬ
ͬʱҲΨһһû˵֮ǰѾ֪ݵˡ
֮ǰȻһûзⲢ㣬ֻûпڵʱ򣬶֮ϲԾ֮ͿʼϸоϢݡ
ЦЦȻ˵ֻҪҼһεˣҾòҲϢˡûʲô
˭Ȼ˵ûʲôŮʵȴ棬Ůʣͺֱӵʳ
˵ûʲôˣֲʱ⣬ôΪʲôҲ֪ҪȨҲǺģҲ֪Ҫʲô㲻ǸۣͰѻˡ
ȻŮʵ˻Ǻܺ棬ȴ֪ʱ򣬲ʵʱͬʱƺҲûиǻ
һǧ겻϶ļ壬ǰ˿һֱЧһʼңҲܱ֤Ժ˻᲻в᲻̵סӻʼ֮µĸо仹ʼҿʱ򣬾ͻһЩ˻뷨˭ҲƲסģ
Ȼƽ˵˵飬Ҳµ
µĵǱˣߵŮʣΪŮʵĶλ¼˼䱻ĵز
ΪҵһЩ˾Ϳʼ̲סжˣΪһΣʼǣƣǻԼһء
һ֮Ҿ;Ȩ
Ȼ˵ҵļҲ죬£Ҳһ˵ңеֲǱȽ϶ģ󲿷ֵϻǱȽͬġ
ȻһСˣȻԣҲΥ顣
жʼˡ
ǸʱŮʣҲ˵Ŀ⼯ϣұڵ۹ĸ涼ǿӰº׾Ͱռƻп
ңһֱ˳
һʼΪŮһ鷳ˣǵļƻܴ鷳ȴ֣ŮǶʱĲɣȫߵ顣
Ҷ֪ΪŮһˣ˾㡣
ΪŮʸԺһ㣬Ϊ˽ŮʵתƵĵطҾͽҪѩ뿪½Ůʡ
ЧԣŮϢʱ򣬾ͱøĲɣ춼ججģԼҲԼΪʲô˵Ϊѩ򣬺е㲻ǡ
ŮʷҵʱѾΪʱǸʱѾסеľ棬ʼҵյգ͸͸ǣշľ
Щ飬ȻǼƻ֮һ֮ƣǸѸײڶٶȣڶʱȫ淢ѡ
ʼҵˣҵԭ򣬻һڼӰмԼԭڶȨʱ򣬷ڧҲǵԪˣԲŻᱻҳ롣
ˣǽŮ˶Ȩ֮ʱµĺ֢Ը񣬾ͿӰмһЩΪƽһȨɣǾðȢŮˣΪھ⡣
ϣҲҵģ
ţӦûŮ˵ĺӣ߸ֱʹһҵĺӣΪλļ̳ˣɫĽ۹Ļʵ۱ҵˡԺŪһЩʲôڣȫ˳Ľʼұң
˵һߵŮ˵˵ҲΪŮˣԵ޹˵Ҫ޸ңҳΪŻһ졣


437 һ
Ҽ޸㣬ˣֻȥãˣҲ£Ҳȥұ飬ǻһġŮЩί˵
֣ڰŪţһСϱһ
ʵû£ҲһᷢƵ顣ֻǣʵϣھΪ£±޿ġ㿴ƽ˵
ǰϲŮ΢Ц˵һǵã飬Ҳһ˼ǵã
ŮԽ˵Խ˷ܣ뵽;˷ܣܱǶϣģЩŮϲԼİ£Ա˴̡
ŮʣˣȻں˵Ŀȴϲ˼ǵԼ
ʵϣҲΪһδ棬Ϊһǧżѻº󱻴̵ԽԽ棬ԽԽ
Ժ󣬽Ů֮飬һ䷶һ빫మҾ飬һİ¡
֪ͻ֣ԼʲôʱΪӣŮһӣôôᡣ
˵ȻǴ˵ĻԽаĻԽа

ʱȴܲ˵ţĵ֮ʲôֵñ˼ǵõġ
ʲô¶ֵãǼᣬͯĻ񣬻֮ĸ顣Ůʿ㣬Ҹ˵
ַˣֻܸһشǷˣô˵ͯһ
Ѿ˰ΧסˣǵˣΧ֮С
Ȼǲ⣬ֻôҲ˵ͯǾ͸˵ˡ
ˣʵҲһҸٲǵЩĵ顣Ů΢΢һЦЦݣôһζ
ҸǿģŮˣ㿴Ůʣ˵
ŶŮӦһĬˣŮҲһڳĬڻ仰
ǣҸǿЩĵ飬ǿʲôأŮʵ
ȻǿԼŬûʲôǴģҸҲһϵڱ㷢ҲҪȥڱҸҲһлǰҪȥŬȥᣡȻͻᡣ΢΢һЦǵ˵

ŮǼĬȫ㣬þûл
Ҳ벻㾹Ȼ˵ĻҲ˸д֪ԼӦþԼҸߣҪúõȥա
ҪԼҸÿŮӦ׵飬ߵЩŮǱѩ֮ˣȻЩ±ȽԺһ㣬Ǳ

ιֵǲǰɣʱˣЩʲôÿζԼЩ˸
ǾͲ΢עһԼĴڿǱǸΧУǻлҳģ˵ʲôҸôȥȡ
ڰ
ģôˣôǵĴڡ΢Ц˵Դ˱ڲûн˸ˡ
ģޱƺһЩ֮⣬òȫǻȥɡǵݣǲġ
Ϊ棬Żᵣ£밬ޱûбҪģԭֻΪõĸоеΣգԲðޱԶ㡣
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ʵϣҲϿ˺ܾãֻĽȴϡ
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ҲǰɣȻ㲻ȥҾһκˣһ£΢΢һЦһǺ˵ӡ
У㻹Ϊһ࣬ŴӦҪı㣡ޱ̴ļװ
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ߣޱе㲻ˣȴҲûа취ֻ似ȴûʲôʵսˣ£ӵòǿӵ
似˵ûʲô̫ãǼҪǱϾҶ̶飬Ƕùܣ
һңվһȻӣǳĸߴ䡭



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һ˰Ȼվݼ֮ϣϵ·ƮˣмͷҲһŷƮš
ҪɣⲻҶ³ǣҲŴѩǵ˹ү
ʱ°ؿˣһмӡ
Ǳţˣȫǲֵһᣡ
ֻ
С쵰Ҫʲôһ˾ҲãҲֵܵùôˡŮ֣ͷһ䡣
ǵģʱ򣬻װˣ˧Щֲͨˣȫǵ۹ľӢݾǴһԣһʲô취ס̸̸ԹԵص棬Ҫ£
Ůʶ̬ȣԼװĵܵһ㣬˵Сˡ
ǹģ˶⣡
Ůʵһ׳նܿóôоػΪŻ΢ЦţûԹŮʵΪ
ֻûԹſŮʼȥ
֪һεݺܺҪϴζԸҵʱʮӦ˵ٱʱ򣬾ǳķҲûĶ࣬ˣҲȷ˵ģԴһֻǣⲻһẦ£ҶԸǣ㽫ǰŮһ΢Ц˵
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С쵰ôˣ˵ҲԣЩӦԺҾͽչˣҪһ˵ְҵСˣŮʺ˳˵ţµȨ㣬Լһ߿š
ȻҲûа취飬ʱŮлŴȨ˰˸Ȼٺ˵ʲô˵ְ
Ϊκε⣬κвĶֻҪõ
ڣȴΪˣֻһССŮӣ߾ֻһȿԶ֣ȨѾûˡ
㲻˵ոյĻҲһὫ㻤Ȼҵ˿ʼ̸С
öԷֻҪһҲãҪ㻤ͷ
ιι˾ˣҪС֣⻰оȫͱˡüͷķ
㲻С˭Сˣÿ󣬶ҸǱüꡣŮЦŻص
䣬ѵʮ֮һͷһ̫ţ㻹˵С˵
ȻˣҲãҵԶǸɶС쵰ҵСˣŮЦţЦݸһֵҸĸо
ô˵壬ˣһȺ̸һ£ǲܺƽ£ε˵ŮʣԽԽûа취
˵ĳԽԽˣǰĻֱӽŮӳȥ㲻ҲٲȥŮʣú˵
ȴŮʶһЩС򡭡
ҲΪҶ̶£ŻԽԽϧߵˣԼߵѹ
Ҷ̶Ҳ˭뵽ǧС㿪ʼϧϧߵˡ
ΪҪȥϧҲʼһЩϸڣϧһ˾͵ڹעһˣȻͻῴһЩƽʱԵ顣
ˣߵЩŮҲӦҪлҶ̶ҲҪл˿ȣһŮ˵ϣת䡣
Ȼת䲻ǺܴȻ㻹еԺģһ㣬벻ǧ֮⡣
Թ㿪ʼĺƽ̸ˡ
ֻ˵⣬ԣһ㻹ǻһɡУҾᣬû⣬ô˧ô˼˰ֻⲻӵеģʶԼһˣ
̸⻹ܺƽĽ
Ůʱ򣬲һۣܲµֻǼȻ˵㴦Ҳٳˡ
ߣеĻǾԼҼߵ
ΪٲҰţϾòƺ˵ţȻγ׼ˡ
С쵰㻹ҪȥǼŮ㣬û˵
ϻ㵱ǰ׳ּҵȻóܲ˵ֻǣʹǼΣҾ⣡
˦Ůʵ֣Ȼ£ȥ
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һУòƾǴ˵еġ
ɣ
ڿһ
ҿСӻİԼҶ³ˣɣеȷɵĸо
һõľһ֡飡
似Уȫʵʵкܶ඼УУ˵˲þ޷ע⵽ʲôط
һнֱֵ쾡£˵ȫǻþʲôط֪
⻹丽ĸ֣һиסˣһʱ֮ʧ֮УȻֻһʱܿͻָ裬ȴȻҲڵλá
һֵֺĸоǰȴܿ˵ǲȷ
ڸֹеʱָоǻҪģ仹ˡ
ʲôطȴѾˣΪǸʱѾϻʮ
һ˲ʱʹûüӦͼһһոû˵һ
Ľؿڴ˽ȥ̴ţν뿪ɻݶ
ǰ󲻹һ˲䣬㷢νɣȻ̴࣬صݶ
һеһУֻڶ̶̵һ˲䷢ģ˸޷ӦѾˡ
Ǻ˵һˣðҵˣ³ֻһ㽫һ˦Ѫ˳Ŷȥ
ʱǵŽźǣ
ٺ٣˧ɣɡ
С쵰Ҫƽ𣿡


439 ƽ̸
Ȼƽˣ㲻ػص
Ϊʲô㻹Ҫɱˣô˽ĺƽ̸УŮеû˵֪ԼӦôӦС쵰ȥ̸С
Ůˣһ㣬ǽҵҪǲܽǵƽػص
Ůеˣϣˣԭڻһǰ״ᵣԼǾǰ˱鷳ԲҪƽ¡
˵ףֻ鷳ѡ
С쵰ȿӦⲻһ֣һ֧ӣУҲһˣ㻹⼸׸ҪܵĻֻǼ
Ů˿ûй˼ɣֱӳԼһ׸һ˵һһ˾ԲҪǼɣˣʱٻǣֻҪ㲻һҪЮ㣬ңͻ

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Ķͬʱţ˶ԴµĿȴһΪԼûбҪӣȴŻߣԼЩ£һʱ֮䶼¡
㣬Ҳߣûµġޱڵ
ҺòãȻ࣬Ƕ˵һٶ඼һȫµ˾ۼҲһа취ǰȫ뿪εҡҡͷȻ֪ŮڹԼȴԴ˺ΪʲôǾͲԼӦ
ϾãͷβһֱĬĬ֧֡
ʱ򣬿˿Ͼúǰοи˽Լˡ
ֻǣûϾһϰߣôûлɹĻжôĲ˼Ҳá
ңڿһҹķϾţȫµҲһа취ὫĨɱֻʹ
ÿһҹܵˣϾʹٴη
ŰɣиƽһУĲá㵭˵Ҳ͸¶һϢһûá
ʲôУܶԸһ֧Ӵӣ
еĻǾ̫ˣֻһ˶ѣһ˿ӵжԸһ֧ӣԴһľӣǲ˵һ˾Ϳһ
ʵҪƻ۹Ҳ׾ٵ顣
һ֧Ҫʲô䣬ݣʿȵأһȴȫҪҪôôһûôĿ꣬α
һˣӵʮ˵ǲ£һӵһ˵ǾǿֲĴڣҪ֮ǰӵʮһ˿²ֹʮٱֹ
ιܵ˹˵Сȥˣ̫ү˺
˶ĬˣȻ˵㱲ϣȷǿԽΪСӣͳڣСӺްʲôϵôްĸס
֪ˣҲһоǹ졣
ף⣬㻹ûͻȻ⻹ؿڣúݺݵǴ̴࣬ҲлԻһʱ䡣
ֹȻ㻹ɣʹģѣΪ룡һ˵ӡ
ۡҪ㣬һѪȻһʱҲûˡ
һ̣룬ԼûӮ㣬Ѿˣһ֪֮Լ޷жԿ
֮ʵǲ̫Զ̫Զˡ
Ҳ˵ģѣ
ѡ
ްҲҸ

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˵ǿ˵˲Ⱥҵֱţȫ̲סҪܳ㵱š
ǣʱ˭ܵǰţԵô˵棬ɱˣҲһɱǡ
ңʽ̫˺ˣڳûһ˿Կóʥ׵ĸ֣ҲһȻ֪Ǹλøȴ׼ȷжϳ
ĸֶйУһССĴͻҲû˸˵Եеԭڡ
㣬㲻ҪţΪݶǾûа취𣿲ҪˣݶǻʲôطҵرȦ֮Уһŭ
ȻݶǵȻлˣò㲢ûбã˸ƻ˵ĻǲҪ汻
ò
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Ϊʲôܻ˲ȰأԳԿǰǲ𣬲һǵڣڵĻǾͻ᲻úġЦ˵

С쵰ĵˣѾܺˣŮ˵

ֻǣ˵ĻȻˣȴһʵ֤ܿʵʵ
ǰ˽ݣǴӵ֮һӭţǾʲôоûУֱӵ˵ϡ
ǰһĪĵȥʶһ£Χڵӣγһմ
˶ǰһ
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ιιʵͽ¶ֻǴ˲˵ѶѣҸո˵ûаɣ˵ȫʵֻǲŶѡ

ҵʲôе־ʵɱεĶ˶úµĶ
似Ѿ˺ˣڻһĪĶͻ˾øӵĺ¡
ʲôǰ׳ΪһұƨҲ֪ǲܵģǲм˵
ҿԸһ£Щһкܶܶ࣬еˣ

Ҳ


440 Ҳɱ˿
С쵰ô£Ůʵ淢飬Ҳһãһ⡣
ܼ򵥣Ѿ˶ҩֻҪһŴĶͻĴɢҲжȥˡŮʲû¹Ժ󣬴ҶԲʲôԭ
ҽʦҲǳԸɷģǲ鲻ʲôҲܿóж
㲻ҵ˵ֻΪʱ򣬻ҪŻǣȻҲν
ŮʣͬһӪˣȻԸˡ
¶ⶾҩģŮʶô¶ûȤѶȲѶȴǣҩģôô
Լģһ䡣
ʲôŮʾȵԼģ
ǵģͷ
ʲôʱѧƶһģŮʶԴ˺ǾȣֶҩԲͨ˿óġ
ѧˣʲôþȵģټ֡ûкػص
ʲôʲôټ֣ˣ˭֪Ůе㲻˵˵Ǵûмġ
ϾŮˣʲôʱֱӵضϾԴ˵һϾ֪
ϡ
ýһϣڲǣͽ̰ɡŮ΢ЦӵӣȻˡ
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ҩŮе㲻⣬飬˭
ǰǾǹϼʲô𣿡ϾʵЩǺ˽⣬ϰǸʱ򹫿šˡĶҩ
Ǹʱ֮ǣҲѹ֣ҲǺģŮͻȻ뵽ǵʱڵ֮ǣһУĵطҩʲôϡġ
ֻǣС쵰ȻôĶҩΪʲôûãŮֿʼˣеĵ㱻Χסʱ
ãԺû˼ˡػش
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µ˶еĸоȻ˵˵ԼСǳ飬ô˵ԼôΧǼȷеѿ
ңҲ̫Ӵһ㣬һʼҶΪԼҪȥһû뵽ȴֻΧŮ
ͬʱݻһ˻£
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ˣɱ̫ˣôôİȫɱأܣػشŮʡ
ȥģû˼ءŮû˵ԣոǾ仰Ϲ
־ɱйǧҲԼµˣͬʱҲԲΪʲôɱͻȻ
㿴˰ʵҲãֻûôĶֲɱ˿ħôġʲôʵ˵ʱ˵ʵˡ
ȻƶʦϴŵĶҩҲܶ࣬һпռָܰȫԴɱʥ֮ǵĶҩ
ǳڣ㲢ûôĶҩһҪԭϻʱ䣬Ը񣬸Ứ̫ʱ䣬ڶҲҪһ㣬˭뵽гһҪöҩһӡ
ǿֲӻɱ˿ħ߶ǣŵĶҩ϶ʣµģܽСΧġϮ˹ǴΣһԺС
磬һһһУԲһУһ㳡һΪѡ
ˣĶҩ޷ӦôˣŻŻǿԵģΪڱϾ˭Ҳ֪ϻж١
ҪֻҪںúú̸УҲðΣգǼƽϵġŮǣ֣Ȼ˵
㼴ʹûôĶҩҲŻסң֪ɱεĶͲðգҲͻ̸С
һʼֻ򵥻ƽɡ
ӦףȥֻԽԽ󣬻ǵĳȫۡ
ˣܲ鷳ҵȻȥˡ΢ЦŻص
Ȼ˵Ůܾûе㲻ģȽǰʵ̫ˣͿڵҪȥ̸ɡ
ˣӦˣܲ뿪ĻǾûˣ˵ʲôҲûãֻܺƴˣ㵭˵˲֪˵Цġ
ҲԣҲֻǿǵˣʵ̸еĲϣˣǾ͸˵ˡŮʵͷͬʱҲ˵һʵ
ʵŮ̸УҲñö٣Ҳַ͵ʱһͻᷢĻ˵Ҫˡ
ô죿ҵĹ̸š
Ϊ뿪ɣȥȥ±޷ƣʱĽҪġ
ûҲͬ⣬̫үʵԽԽ̬ˣӵеĶҲϡŹֵģǷʤµʱǻᱻܡĻǰˣ
ǰľѾܺˣα⼸ߣҲô
ֻĻԺڣǲһ壬һ۹
ʱһΪ⣬ǰңҲͽˣȴС
ողŶȨңȻʱʧȥţȻԺȥڡ
˵ոյ˲໹ãھۼȴѾһ˼ĵزЩǵǾ͸ʧȥš
ͬʱ˵ЩۼĽʿǻôأ
һ룬ѵôˣһСӶԸ
飬ԻӰʿ


441 
ŮˣҪġŮʣЦ˵
ʱѾоЩ˵ڲѾ˽ۣǸָо֪
֮ǰʱһֻңȴһˣһ½ԼҲӦ˵һɱɡ
ǵģе鷳ˡŮüҲһܸоǱߵϢЩ˵۹⣬֪һܺˡ
ҲǺ鷳ֻҲķʽ¡Щ˵⻰˼òƳöҩоûá
ڶʲôʱˣ㻹ãԣող˵Щûô㻹ʲôʽûãŮͻȻм⣬ͺʵ
ѵ˵Ҷ̶ըŮʿڱ֮еҶ̶Ҷ̶ըļ仹Ǻ̵ġ
֮ǰһΣһҲͽɱˡ
ըҲһð취кٶԸˣ񻹿ԣ㲻ܽȫըɣҲԽըˣǾͿԳ뿪ˡһ°ͣڿ⡣
ŮеԶˣողǻ˵Լɱ˿Ҫѵ
ԴˣŮֻһʱûѣǲᷴԵģ˵ֻҪܽ¾Ϳԡ
ˣŮʺܿͿڸãҲҵĻʹˣըҲν
ĿŮʣ֪˵ʲôãŮʺһúֲֲܿܿ
ֻҲûа취뷨ˣҲֻǿֲȥ
ģҲըֱӵػһ䡣
֪ˣһС쵰Һܺ棬ôըòûдϵըҲһ˰ɡŮȥҲһը塣
ңҪ˻ҶɡץסŮʵ˫֣ߣû˵
ֲû㣬˯ʱûбŮЦ˵ץ֣廹ûϡ
ҲҪôԣ½һΎſŮʵ֣СӣȫһСõ̬ȣҲڱŮʶ̬Ȱɡ
ߣС쵰Ůһе㲻ϰĶȻǲ˵ĺߺߣܿתһĵЦݡ
ȻصǱȥȥ̸̸һ̫ˣɱҡͷȥ
Ź֣Ů˵֣ȻĻصޱ˵ߡ
ܣźԶԶģرŵҡͷĿǣЦЦϣ˫ڿС
ιСǣǵ̫үү˵仰Ҫ캰ɱģ಻ð
òɱȵɣǵ̫үһ˵һС̣ԱǶĲ
ðƻȻҪ٣ѵҿԼð䣬˵״̬
Ҳû˵ֱӽɱˡ˵еˣϾ棬Ǵ״̬
ڼðĵȻԽɴԽãȻ²Ҫ鷳ҲǵģΪʲôĲãȴȥüٵģûĿʼгˡ
㣬Ը𣿡仰ҪʵģȴһˣǾݼ֮ϵŮʡ
ҺôĻһῼǿǣһϷ˵ֻϷѣǿ
ߣⲻýˣͱʲôֱ𡣡Ůʲ˵˵š
һϾǻʵģˣֻǻǼٵĶѣһҲǼٻʲôֱأ㲻˵
ߣŮʱͷȥ㡣
㲻˰һ׼ǼðģһڿǲˡҵСǾֱӶĻѾˣԺ΢Ц˵
ҵ˻ûлӦ£Ůǰ濪ˣʲô˵ǾͼɣϷҲһǻ񣡣
Ů仰û˵ǼٵģϷǻ񻹲һУ˵ԺŪٳ档
ȥȥҪˣںҵС˵һŮǲʲôСҵ㣡һ䣬ܿͷ⻰е㲻ԾҪһ¡
Ůȴץס˻ᣬЦ˵˵ͱʾˣðɣҲ˵ˣС쵰Ҹˡ
ϵĶѣԣҰϸˡҡͷ⻰еֻΪŮʻץסСС
ѾˣҲйˣԺˣѩҪţҪҵ˼ˣŮЦ˵Ǿ仰Ҳµص㡣
ĬˣžͲ⻰ϼǼ֮ǰǸ⣬˵ڼȻģǾͲټðˣͬʱҲٽŪûˣԣҶ˰ɣǺƽĽ£
ԭС쵰ţĻӦûټֻҪͬϷȻǶˡ
٣ڶʱǲжˡ
ҵһۡ
˵Ҳһ취ȻĻһʱ֮ȥѩӱӰк㣬ǽļƻʧ𣿡
ǰҪˣǵĿΪ˽λŪңԷԺ󽫻Ȩʽҡ
ţͬһ㣬ϾҲҵˣ似Ҳһ뻯ľ磬һˣֻкôûл
ǵģ֮ǰǲһֱҪ͵ƾǵѪͫͲӦýĨɱһѪͫѾˣһ⣬Ҳɱˣ
ɣ֧Ҳɱ㣬ֻҪЭǾͿ¹ȥҲҲΪҵġҲ˵ǡѪͫĺ
ͬʱĻҲҸ檳ȺãҲõλãΪҵҪһļ
ֻǣЭ
ᣬ˵仰Ȩ֮ƣһأԻʧӰ٣
ϧǲӦģҲΪҵˣȥˣͿʧһǴѩӱӰʧ
Уһ˿⣬⣬Ҳҵ˳Ĭˡ


442 
̸ˣֻ÷ǳֶˣҡͷ˵ʵ˵ʵڵģĲþУǲҪҷ쭺òãǱϾҵС
˵⻰ʱϺźʹľòܲĿԼСܵʹһ㡣
ϾŮˣǶΪƭˣռ˼ұˣٺռ˼ұǿ϶ˡ
ôҲԼҵˣȴϷˣˣҲֻó˶᲻˼ãϾԼϣȴ⣬һδεʹá
ΪʲôãõĶööõġ
ʲôðɣǲģ̫ү֮У䳰
ǲǾôˣʲôУǶӦɱǰɣͻȻ˸ոյı飬䵭˵
Ҿȿ΢ͨһʽһ£ʱƣ
ʱͻȻбһСԲ
С쵰㵽װѶˣΪʲôҸոҲŮʿĶ󣬾ֹһ䣬ֻеըոȫҹϸûУԣ;֡
ЩˣһʶɣըŶɲһըɱǳĴôҪҪʾһ£΢Ц˵ˣ˵ӡ
һը㲻ҪֻǲУҲһУҪëǣʱһɢǰʹŸըˡı飬еԼҲ˵ģһɢ
ŮˣŻңҺú£ͷŮ˵ֻĶȴûһ㺦µ˼ϣڵӡ
ԣ£ѵǡŮҲʶȤϣһûռˡ
ǵ裬Ⱥ˸ˣô顣ûػһ䡣
㻹ҪʲôŮҪʣȴûлˣͬʱʱЩҲֻܿţʵʱ
û¼ƻһµʱ򣬽ƻȸ߱ˣҪæģԣҪŮʵİæ
ŮҲ֪һ㣬Ȼʣֹֻһ¡
ΪǿͨĶԣǸǲӵģҪôţ΢Ц˵ֻΪǱߵͷĿǣȻʼŵķ
ըⶫȻ˼ˣһСıը
ʮ㷽עˣǵùˣ㺰һ䣬Ȼͽеը˳ȥ
ʱ򶼱ˣؿڰޱϡ
ǵùˡ
ôҪùˡ
䣡
˶סˣֻȴΪըΪըûأڿըˡ
һ˶ûбըըȫûһˣ
С쵰ըŪģҶ̶𣿡Ůںе
ǣԼѩĵʱģʵػش
ֲûŮʼҶ̶ը֪ļǲܳʧû˵ըģǾͺˡ
ܿ죬ŮͻȻ뵽һص⣬ֻŮüͷʵѵ˵ϵмٸԼ𣿡
ҲǣͼԼģҪǶԼģǾͺˡ̾ϧ
⻹ãʲôÿϧģըʲôãȫըˣŮ֮󣬾û˵
˭˵һҪը˲õģΪҵըڿбըһʧ𣿡΢Цʵ
ʧѵ𣿡Ůûػػ֪ըҪըô
ǱߣϸĿţָŸոըըķ
Ů뼸Ůһߣǿһܲ˼Ļ棬ֻǸˣ˵ȥˣԽԽࡣ
⵽ô£
˶Ҫ⣬ûбըôᵹȥеĪĸо
ոյһ£Ī
ȵȣѵ˵
ŶˣС쵰ըͽҩǰɡŮʿҪȷԼ뷨
ţûʱѩӣоҽŴĶҩԾĵİѶҩͽը棬ҪŪ벻óͷصϧ̫˵㡣
ҽҩйϵ
Ůľе֣û˵֮ʲôϵôоҽʱŴĶҩ
̫˰ɡ
ۣһƬ˼ҵһʹʧеˡʱǿطһСֵӡ
меʵĳɷ֣Ҳû뵽Լⶾô
Ƭطȥˣйǧˣ
ȻûʮҲаģһըѣѹǧ˵ƺ˾еֲ
һ̣˶ŵĿ㣬óֲĶ
Ͻ˶йħʦħһпԶ̹ĶҪСӸɱˣȻԶҪ־֮УڳĬڿ־֮УЩҵͷĿ˷Ӧˡ
ڼʹǻʹҲҪɱˣȻȴǵľֹĿ־塣
ĵزĴӦ᧿Σˣ֮ǰ԰Ȼ£Ϊҵ˱Ͼ˼ɣִʹű١
ʱ򣬱ը̼һ£ô˵Ƕ޷ˣʼˡ
С쵰˰ɣҪһˡŮû˵вûе֮⣬֪ԼҪˣҲһᵣģ⡣
Ҳ˵һҲһֺ£Ȩѩǲõˣ
ѩ㻹ǱȲҡ
ֻΪʲôʱĲǿӮѩ򣬶ڿС쵰һ
ѵ˵ϲС쵰ˣ
ҲҲ֮ǰҵԼϲˣһ
С쵰Ůã֮У¶ҸЦݡ
ʲôУǲģ˵ЩĻûǹǰ˼ϹԽԽãһȫҲʡζ֣ûкػŮһ䣬Ůʸոյȫɢˡ
ߡ


443 ǧž֮ǰ
ŮˣϷɣǶˣ㸸ҲˣǿһˡϣɵؿĶ
ѾǸոձը֮İСʱСʱһֱڶ
ΧĽȥҲҽ˹ͬʱҲڵˣ˵Χһ㡣
ԽԽ࣬ԽԽ٣ڵĻʹŸΪһմ
ҲĿţŮ밬ޱû¾ͿǱ֮еҶ̶΢ЦӣΪʲôЦ
ǣŮ˵İˣǿʼһߵϾϾ֮ͬ󣬾Ϳʼ˵мĹ̡
Ͼһ˸Уһι³ָĸŮһ̣ŮǶжˣҶ̶ж
Ҷ̶ҲͬˣǰֻǾһʲôܵǧС㣬ڣƺŵ㣬һ档
ʱϣԼԳΪҶ̶˵һҲֵõġ
Ů˾ҪԣҺ״жŮ˵ĽɫȻϲŮϲˡ
ǸֻİҲʼԼΪҶ̶㣬뵽Ҷ̶ĽɫС
Ȼһ˵ֻһʱģǺøȴһģ
ι֮ŮʷԼԽԽϲС쵰
ģӡҲ˺ܶ࣬ʼˣǰĵٻеаζģ䲻˵棬Բ档
Ҳ˵ĵУ㱾󣬵ǺܿͱԼŪûˣֻص棬ֻȥˡ
ģʱһͱмаζˡ
ڣΪҶ̶飬ĺøжȼаζҲˣм߷档
мȴһŮһûжоٶĸоһŮǰޱ
ֻǾҶ̶ÿҲҶ̶ֻȴȴȻĸоûöٵҲûл
ˣôˣŮĺĻɴȹӣһ߷ڲһСĵ
ɴǺƯȴܰ£仹ĵص㡣
ɣǿǿԵˣѾûˡָģŮ˵
ںС쵰ըĸ̫ΣˣϾҪʼˣ׼ôӦŮָĹؼӦĹҪġ
ʱ򣬶ԷˣҪԶ̹ʹͨĹ԰ɴ⬣Ȼǰ㲻ʹֶη
ȿȣû˻᲻
ҪģȻ˵ǹǣҲлṥǡ΢ЦվŮʲվš
ŮʺȻֱۣؿļϣ΢罫ĳȹƮ
һ̣ЩƻĶǶôĻ档
Ƶһ΢Цݵı飬ʲô鶼⣬Ů΢Ц겻ͬҸУҲһĴݣ
żƻյĹڣҲһ̲˾ֻһֲȱУҲһֱ
ҪôĴɢţűȸոʮըҲܽһ򾡡Ů˵ţƽ˵һƽ顣
֮ǰӦ㽫ǽǾͻлߣڣС쵰߲ˣܵҲߵ
û˵ǿܣһαϵҪ֮ǰһֹڵıѾǽԴһ
ǵ۹ĵ۶ı˵ռ۹ʮ֮һһװΪľ񲿶ӡ
Ҳ˵ıɲʮ֮һô򵥡
Ͼǵڵĵطÿʲôͻ¼ҪԼĵ۶ĺúõģҲ˵˵ıԣԼĲƲΪ̣Լǰġ
һΣΪ⸽ı˱ҪԱѾȫˣˣʥ֮ΪĶҲǴûй顣
ͬʱҲǴӹûз飬ҲΪһǧžûĴҲûٷ顣
һˣʵٸߣҲܺ۹࿹Ӧ˵һɵĵ۹Ҳ࿹Կʱǲܻɹġ
㣬ھʹһ磬ѾûлתֻӭУΪҪߵĻҪ⼸Ů
ޱģŮ˵ν˵ͻܷϾҶ̶
ʱ򣬴һ˵ӦôϾҶ̶ҲףԼһҪܶࡣ
ǣڲҶ̶뿪ߣʲôطҶ̶Ҳ²ٵ鷳
ɴҲҪˣǲԸӴ鷳ȴǾ鷳ڸ飬鷳ΣգҲһ
ȻҲûԽԽӣĪľأһẦ£Ĵԡ
΢Ц
ŰɣԼԽ⣬һ˶Ϊһ޷⣬һ񻰡
Ҳڴһ񻰡
ŮʱҲ֪ǲܴ񻰣ֻǼشһ˵ţС쵰ζңұӦôܵߣӦֻҪҲ˦ңС쵰ԭңһҴˡ
ŮʵһԼĴ󣬶ΪҲһΣԼӦôԣƭ֪鷳
ԼΪʲôôʲôôǺ
ҲҪҲҪ
ŮʵһοʼԼΪ˵ᡭ
Ůˣңһǲ£ҪĻĻʵۡŮʵ֣˵
ҲҪʵֻۣҪ߾ͺãѩҲŮҡͷ˵һΣƺķһУѩ򶼿Էˡ

ˣһΣҪһǧžޱ㲻ҪҰھͿʼɡͻȻ˵˵ĻеĪĸо
ðǸأ𣿡ޱԶĳҪĶ࣬ʹ֪ԼЩ˵᧿ΣҲһֻҪҪΪԼ࣬ͻ᲻һС
Ȼ

˶һˣþöûзӦֻǿһܸͻȻǰ


444 ħ֮
С쵰ϵײʲôôôĸ㶼ܲص£ŮʲȥԼǵۣǺʵ
һըǻпܵģһܸ٣ҪûʲôƷ˭һ˿Բصס
ⲻ˵ǸλĿڴһܸ٣ýá
ˣŮһһرĶܲصôĸ١
ܣԺлٸ㣡΢΢һЦϵļһӣʱݶϳһȻСȴı̨
ͽٰм䣬ֱϷһģһųʣڸ֮ǰǱ̨֮ϡ
̨ŪˣģֻΪݶбģ
ҪΪʲôбľҪһֻ̨˾̫޶ˣⶫֲַ٣Ƿƽ֮ϵġ
עˣƽأ
ˣ̨ͳˣҺݶļԲڶû
ܣԺٸ㣬仰ûŮ෴е㿪ģǰһ˵ⲻ飬Ҫʣ˵Ժ˵˵ԸԼܡ
ֻǣһŮŪס
ңΪʲôҪó٣òĴͰޱһݳɣŮüͷʵ
ȷĹؼ˶㲻ΪʲôҪʱŪһܸ˵Ϊ˺Ͱޱ裬ǾԶˡ
ѵ˵Ҳ˶ԿҪ㡭
ݳᵹǣֻǳһ׸ѣðޱһǰ࣬ҾͿʼһǧžĸǾģҲлġ̤Ǳ̨Ϊ˵š
ΪȻĸĸ
ӣǲҪĸ£Ͼʵ
ţҲã㣬ĸԿЩȫˣޱͷͬʱҲ̨̤
ôĸô𣿡Ůʺʵ
ֻҪһΣͻףޱ˵㣬Ҿã㻹ǰɣҪˣߵĶеź
ޱ仰Ҳ˵һ£ҲΪԼĵҲൽͷˣֲǰ׳գȻܿóڵ
֣Լ£ҲҪ뿪Ļʱ뿪ģȫûбҪ㡰
ȫ˿ûһ˿뿪ͷûС
ֵ飬ҲûҪ뿪֪ԷҵˣǲԸԼҲһݼ֮ϡ
ֻǱ棬ʵҵĸǷǳΪ̫һֱûΪ±˶᲻԰εģģңڳϣ۾Ÿٵļ̡
飬ڰޱУֻһݡ
װ㻹װѾٴγ裬ÿζù񺿵ģ﷢ëޱ㲢һ𣬺ֱӵĽϵ׸Ҵ
üһܿӣ˵˵ֻǱ棬ڵңʵ̫ˣ
У񣡣ޱһŮۣͬţ˵ţ˵ǺܺãǸо˺֣ѵ˵ǹ𣿡
Ȼˣںҹ֮УҲөһԣҪ͵ҪƻԼ˵󣬲ñ˰ңǸ߰еɵ˵š
ڿԿ϶һ˵󻰣ޱ϶
Ų㣬𰸺ܿͻˣŪǰ࣬ӭôĹǡܲ˵һ˽ӡ
ðɣǿʼ˵Ǽ٣İԶϣõģֻİҾޱҲģֻҪΪԼͿԣ㵽ǲǶ֪֮顣
ԣܺһֱԳȥ
һֱȥǲܵģԺǻᣬҲǰģδơ΢Ц˵ָڼ֮Ͷʱ
ѣǰ඼ǡ
Ҫʲô
Īľٶе˿ˣֵĪҵЩˣھţʲô˼
˵ôͻȻóһܸ£˵ĿģѾȫԻ֮С
ΪǵжҲΪ֮һͣԭãҪжĴ㣬ͻȻͣסˣ㵽Ҫʲô
ʱҲ룬СǲڹŪ飬ԲһĪϷ롣
ҪͰޱٳ衭и˺ʵ˵Ȼʵȴ˸ֱ˵
ʱЩǰ飬û˸˵ȥɡ
ûĸһֺ˲֪ͳУϰޱԻʧСһֳ֮֮˵
òҪжǣȻǷⳡսɡһ˺쿪ز²
ⲻܣְ׳𣿡ҵ˶룬ǲᱻж֮Ȼ˵̫ǸжˣھŹǡ
ֹֻĹŻзģøս
ܿ죬ǾҲôһܣֻΪѾʼڵŸ٣ίĸ˲ĴƮš
һӣд˶
ⲢĸټΪոյǱ̨Ǵĵ̨ǻĲı壬ʵһ԰Զĵط
ȻЧ̫󣬵Ƕ˵Ѿ㹻ˣֻҪԸǵЩ۹ʿڵĵطͿԡ
ֻ⵽ʲô˼ѵҪøл
ֻпȥȥ֪
һǰ֮󣬰ޱǾΥˣ峺һӾʧ֮С
ϣˣͣסеĶţһС
ļ棬ҪԭͿʼйģ˹ȥҲĸŹȥ
Ǻĸ밬ޱĸħһ㣬ʥ֮ǵ˶
һ̣ж漣Уʧˡ
ͻȻˣĿʼ˸質ġ
ޱ㣬Լĸ質


445 ̫
ֳøžˣĸ֮ĸûκε
ĸʱŮǶһ̴סˣϾ밬ޱǸеŵĿ㡣
ǿ۾ŵ΢ЦͬʱҲ˵ĸӱ飬һָ߰һְ⣬һֶħа
ʱûʲô飬ֻںĸ
⣬ôܣ
ĸô˵
ûڵĸȻûǰָоһּµľ磬ǰޱ̾硣
ǴûڰޱϷ飬ûжκһ˵ĸĸıǮԽˡ
ֻڣȴ֣ԭ˷ë㣬Ȼӵűô֡
ҲΪԭڳ˶һʶķһ£ҲһΪΪޱѾ޷ԽĴڣȴ㾹Ȼһ㡣
ǲ֪ԭޱĸиĴڡ
ҲǾ仰˵ģֻиãûãûһ˿ԳΪ壬ܻᱻԽ
ί˵Źµĸֳһ˳֮Уٶʧˣҳ̶ȸˡ
ΪʲôͬĸоޱԻˡ
ˣĿƣǰǷſɤӣȥ裬һһźĸо˵ĸоȫͬˡ
ڣᣬһ̼ĸоûУûź
ֻһĲ𣬾Ȼ˴ķһ޷ȴֲòϵʵ
˵Ŷµĸ˲֪ˣҲǸַʽھޱҲһУʼˡ
ޱ˾͸˵ˡ
һ̣սҲһֹͣ˷һУҲĸȷǿսֹͣ
ֻΪһ̣ǶһУҲȻԼս
ָֻ˭ܷó٣ڴֻ֪ˣһǰޱһǸոոֳ㡣
ͬʱҲҪ˵ϣ˲ĻǵǸ㣬ҵһҶעע֮¿ʼԼаޱס
ſʼĿ˶ʧĸ֮С
ĿΪʲôѵֻôʧú
ǣԲ򵥣򵥵ĻھӦýŮ׼ãȻˡ
ȴûǼŸ٣Ŷ˵ĸ
ʱһĹȥһʱ䣬û˼ǵǹȥ˶ãֻΪҶѾʧˣ̫ڵλȴǣʱѾȥ˰Сʱ
㿪ʼ赽ڣѾȥ˰СʱţҾͼţʼе仯ýû⣬ֻһ
һ̣ƺѾԼ壬ûκεļ䣬ֳºֻǵԼһĸ衣
ֻǵãݶ֮ϣı̨֮Уһ˫ַڸٵļ֮ϣĿ·ҵ
Ⲣ˵ģ˵귢ĸλһ
һ棬Զ޷ģĿ
ˣ
ס˸ֻǼһ٣Ȼβ
һеʱֳ˲ûоѹǼڳ֮Ужһ㣬ȫûκε
ޱģϾŮʣȣŮվţţȴһı飬ã
ࣣһָޱŮ
㣬̫ˣԺһҪϳޱѹĵһ仰һ䡣
ôˣŮĶеԼͻȻʧˣȫԼںʱεصĸо
ԣ˵ҵĸ̫ˣǰչ֡ջ˸٣ӣ밬ޱ̨Ͼ˵ıϡ
ƾյʧС쵰һֵĶ
ŮʿͷһţͿʼעһ飬Ŀǰ˵²Ҫġ
ֻǰޱѾһ⣬ҲҪ֪Ǿһ
ΪʲôУĸôΪʲôҪչʾǰУǰΪʲôҪ⽫ԼŪ˷ëޱֱۣʳеʡ
㵭һЦ˵ʱ̫Ҳһֻܷǵҳʲôţȫǵá
˭˵ģҡ֣ȫǵˣôޱͻȻ֣Լȫǲס㳪ʲôֻ֪㳪ĺ
ŮҲһüҲڻţȴһ벻
ΪҺȥôҼǵҷëĸ΢Ц˵ԭǹ⽫ԼŪ˷ë
Ϊʲô̫˼˰ɡޱе㲻ŵʵ
ʵûע⵽ΪҵѲ״̬㿴ˣͻԼոʲôӵġָŸЩʧеǡ
ŮǳĬˣû뵽Ȼ˵ħǸ벻˵顣
ҵĸ֮Բ֪оһԭҵ£ǲѹͬʱʱ˵ʲôǶѾ֪аҡòе˵˵̫ʵһ
ŮС
ǲţҲܼ򵥣ֻҪ˵һ仰ţ㲻˵һ䣬Ȼ˵
Ƿǵÿһ·
һԭ˾ÿЦĻȴȫͬЧ
ǣһӣˣǵ۹Ľʿʥ֮ǵĹƽ񣬶ӦһȫŵĲΪ֪Ҳһ¡
ţÿһ·ȫǹӡ
⣬ô£Ůʲףȫ㲻⵽׷ʲô¡
õԭ򣡡㿴գһװˣ˧ӡ


446 鷳Ľβ
С쵰ʱװʲôң⵽ô£ΪʲôǻŮûһ¡
װʲô˵ʵʵϣȷҲãΪое㲻ر˵Ȩػص
ʲôʱع˵ģԸ񻹲ǲֶεĻˣôͻȻķ֣˵ȨŮʼ㣬ݺݵصһۣ·˵֪Ϲû
Һĺ˵İķʽҲ̫ϲҲֻùһΣһΣԴǴμﱻֵ֮󣬾ͽֹٿڳ裡Ҿķʽǣǲðö֮ϰĳ
ʱͻȻڼҵ飬Ǹʱܻӭĸߣе˶ϲĸ
ҲΪĸ̫ͬʱص֮ͻǣֻǵָоôһλڶΣҲҪסĸɡ
ⱾҲûʲô⣬˾ˣֻҪõĸͿԡ
ǳͻȻȥоȻ֪Ѵ뵽ĸ֮УӵĵزһӾʧˣסǵ顣
ȻʱģҲûжģ˸ое㺦£ҪҲƵ鷢Ĺ涨㲻裬䲻ܷĸ
мɾǣ̫ˣһ˶Ϸˣ飬ÿ˶ȥƽʱԲ顣
һ죬ҵͷԼֻһڿ㣬ڴѿ裡
һ죬ҵ귢Լ˯ȦһǱ
һ죬ŮԼ֬ˮȫԼӽͰԼȫŪ
һ졭
һеһУ㾹ȻĳDVƳ˹̣˾һţȻֻԼеˣЩΪ֮ǰûеѵˡ
ʵǿȫûͷҲֻţȻǴ򲻹Щͷӵٶȿɲһ㣬ҲЩͷѵģЩͷơ
ͬˣǲҪ˵ˣȫǶ֡
ҪǣлǳܵDVװ棬в֪ǲǿˣȫҵϲٵȻпܵ˶һŹ̡
Ǹɶ𣡣
ʱҶϣ۰Сʦ͵ЩǽǸСʦ÷ȥ¾͵ֹͣˡ
Ϊ˽ֹոİѱΪ̨ߣֹڼʹô
Ǹʱ򣬴һϣĸ裬Իûнֹ
Ǻֻ֣Ҫָһ裬ͻὫĴߣȻֻᷢõ顣
˭еЩԶΪɣʲô鶼ǲˬҲЩˣᣬҲ㲻ˬǵġӦˡ
֮£ֻ÷ĸ裬ȻǺܲԸҲʵûа취ʱ򣬻ǻðűߵΣգ㿪һ£ԵĽһ¡
ֻߺܲ⣬˷ëҾͽֹˡ
ģֿʼŪ٣Ҳøٽҵ˸ˣȴֺвֻͨĸټɴﵽһľ磬ȴܴﵽҪ
ҲͷˣûһȺյŮԼҪԼ٣
һ˵ǲֱ㣬ΪԹǱһھܾǱһЩֵǸ޷ӦǾͷԼͷ
ǻͨǸСʦãһСʦϲĶȥ㣬ֻҪ㣬ͳɹһ룬һǼʺܴһ롣
ºȴԼˣˣԭ֪ǻǸСʦÿһʱһЩҪĶǸʱҲҪҲͳ˻õô
Ů֪£ҲΪ㲻ˣСʦԺҪˣҲͱˡ
òе㳶ԶˣΪͲⵯ٣Ҳָ質ͬʱҲϲ˷ëĸϰߡ
壿ҼǵСһˡ΢Це㻳ı飬ŮеˣѵԼ鱨ִ񲻿ܰɡ
ǲĻôı飬ֻ֮䣬ֿеı顣
˵߰ɣֻҪǣǾͲκεİ취ˡ㲻Ǹϼͺ˵
ǣ𣿡Ůе㲻š
㻹ǵѩɣһʱ䣬ļʱٵģ֪ôˡҲɣ˵š
Ŷ˵ĻĿԡŮʵͷѩȻ˽⣬Ȼ֪ôģ֤
ֻǺ񻹿ܣƺеѰɡŮͬʱš
ѣʱһйص飬ҲǣֻҪһ㰵ʾͻ԰Ĵ棬ԶҲǵļгʧˡ˵ţͬʱһ䣬Ϊ䲹Ļһ鷳⡣
ʵ仰ûʲô⣬ֻ仰ȴĶ仰ǡ
ŮˣʱҪʵ۵ĻüֻҪ˵ΪЧҵĵͿصķ㣬Ϊҳϵĳ񡣡
ô棿˵ʲôǾͻʲôЧжأŮ۾е㷢ˣòƶܸȤ
ЧȻһˣոҿǻôõʱ£ЧȻȱˣ˵ʲô˵һȺҲһӵԼһͷҲϲŤ˵ʶǶѡػ
ţɫУʱ򣬾˭ĻǣҲһԡʱǲѵģǱҽѵģСһ˵Ҫ˵Ȼɺصĺ
ûʱŮ˵ʲôЩ˶ȥһհ졣
ֻǣȴе㲻ţ˵ǹġ
ֻŮЦ˵ҾԿţӽԺǵĵ㣬ʺѩӱӰУ
Ůˣ㲻Ҫ˵鷳ˣеȴڸˡ
ֻ˶ϥأȻ󷢳һµǳʥ֮ǵյ
ǣǵĵѩӱӰǵĻʺ󣡰ݼϣʺ󡭡



447 ܵĻʵ
һ죬һǳ
һ죬ʥ֮ʥ۹½ӭһǳص飬ҲΪһǧŴ˵һĴ˵
ҲҪᣬһѾҶŵһ죬һѾȥ죬Ȼһ飬һĴ˵˵ȴûж֪
ֻΪһ죬ȫѵʱ򣬾˷ʲô飬ֻǵ밬ޱһǳĸʲôǵˡ
ǸʱֻŮڳ֣ݶ֮ϲ֪Ϊʲôڳ֣ŮܲˬĽŮʵ˫ץš
ŮʿʼʼСҧ֣˺þãֹͣ˶ҲϣŮʺܿؿϣһΡ
ʱֻСìܣСƢȻͺָܿƽ
ǣǶһЦȻΪ˾л񡭡
оǲǺ֣
Ǻ񽫸ոյˣҽԼĿģμŮʵĻ񣬻ʵʺĻ
ʵ۾㣬ʺȻŮʡ
ʲôð¼ҲˣҲͬʱôɱġ
ԭΪŮʵһ仰ǵĿѾǻʵۣҪЧҵĻʵۣĲġ
ŮʣҲ˳ĳΪӣҲǻʺ󣬲ֻЩ˵ݶϵ⼸ˡ
ȻⱻʾЧѾԵĳˡ
ܿ죬Ůʣͱ뺮ȥǿ顣
ʥ׵ĸֳǸʱںŮʳܺ鲻ǺܺãûǣǸʱ򣬸Ҳûж⣬ҲûвǸסˡ
ֻʱһԸⶼû˵ŮʺǲˬŮЦģ֣һҸӡ
ǲϵģϣڱô˵ᡣ
ͬʱǼʥ׵ĸ֣Ҳ޷ӹߵˣҲǿģЩ̬ͷᱻˣ˵ǡ
οǸʱļûеľ磬ЧҪʱܶ࣬ҲԽ˶ݴߣڵЩ˸ǲڻˡ
һΣʮ׼ʮĹԼĴﵽ˶壬һ£ԣûһ˿ӵù
Ϊʹֻ뼸Ů֪ΪһΪ֪Ĵ¼ҲΪ²Ϊ֪Ҳýһ¼ڳ˶֪Ϊʲôᷢ飬ȫ벻ͨ
£ļ¼
ᣬҪʽϻʹڣȻΪʥ۹Ļʵۡ
֮ǰ㻹ڵݣĵУЩ˾ͿʼΪ±ڶ̶̼Ͱһʢļʽ
һ죬෢Ļʹţʥ֮ǵǶѾ񣬲һһЩԴ²·ǡ
ϢѾ½Ϊ֮ȣǲףôһʼͻȻ˵ôͻȻʥ۹Ļʵۡ
ǰûзģ˵죬ôͻȻ벻˵ԵݣȻԳΪ۹Ļʵۣúܶ˶ò⡣
ʵֻۣɼӰѼ̳УǳŮʣֵҲ֮˳Ϊʵۣһ˵ִµȨҲֻһܳΪʵۡ
Ϊ½ȣҲʥ۹һЩ˾ò⣬Դ飬󶼱ǿƵŸѹȥˡ
ţǸʱ򣬱ߵģЩˣе۹ǿĲӣе۹ȨƵĴ󳼣Ҳŵ۹ٹ̵Ĺ壬ŵ۹Ļƽ
ΪϣҲûˡ
һ˻һ˵һµʱ˻ỳмָʹӵߣԸ棬ģǹͬ㣬ӵΪµĵ޷мʲôıֻǾº档
£Ҳ˴½ʷϣΪ棬Ϊ˲֮һ
ڣʹţ㳡ϻͷܶǶӭʥ۹µĻʵۣʺĳ
ʱ̾ҪˣǶڴš
ֻǣ棬һȺȴȹϵϣһ
ϵ죬ҵļһγˣһ죬ҲڳҲ⸽ҲͳΪ֮һҲʵ۵ӵߡ
֪Ͼûпˣ֪ͻʺȥˡ뺮죬⼸һֱʥ׸ֻش
֪ܣôôСİŪˡ̫ϻüͷеֵ˼
ѾСˣʱ޿̶ڶŻǼĶϺͻʺм˯һֲܽȥû뵽һͷǼˡüЩΡ
ȻǱʾˣϳǵĵǶԸȴһ֪Ҳ뵽λܵ˴㣬ʥ׵ļˣȫɹȥ
ӻǻάֵ֮󣬲бҪĻ
û뵽㻹ʧˣ
;ˣǰһֱԸͻʺͬôͻȻܵʺķһüҲͬʱȥʺҲ档˵ţ컹ΪһʱжɫҪѼʺԵȻͬߡ
мΡ
ѵ˵뺮ͬʱ뵽һ£Ȼ㼸ʧ޹ȥǸ޹Ůʵķɷ﹬Ůʵķ䣬Ȼԭķ䡣
ǲ˵ǽŲΪ֪ܵżŮˡ
ҲǱ侲֮󣬾ͻ뵽һ㣬뵽Ůʵķܡ
ô죿üͷ˵
û취ҲĻֻ˵岻ʣҲֻˡ̫ϻȻ֪ں޻Ҳûа취ˡ
̫ү̫үǻѡʱңֻҲˣΪʲôһ۹Ҳһ˵ҪͲҪеͷ۵˵ţԸʵͷʹ

С쵰ĲҪʵ۵λǱʮҲ벻顣
ҪʲôλҲʮҲ鷳



448 Ů
ŮˣҾҲӦôߣӦİܵУüͷ˵
ʲô˼֪ˣ֪ĸôħȫˡŮеί˵΢΢С죬е顣
㿴ǰ·ļŮ뿪
ҵʱͺѾ˵Ҫ˵ȴˣ뿪ʥ֮֮ͺͰһߣҪһˡüͷϺ࣬һβǿЦ
Ѿˣ㲻ܲҪҡŮһץֱۣеǻذ
һΣԲװġ
⼸죬ѾһֱĮţβҪķ뿪ͱڻʹ뿪
Ϊףº֪ԼҪȥͲҪ£úܲˬ
ŷ֣ԭǸʱĲˬһʱ֮Ҳٲµ£ʼѰԭ¡
֪ԼˣΪ˺棬ΪҪ֪ԼѾǷޣ˵һ䱾Ӧ˵Ļᣬܶ࣬Ҳ鷳
ĹϵȻǺܺãȴǢȻҲ֣ҲЦ
ֻΪΪ֣ȴ֪޶ȵģ߶ȣͻܲˬ仹˵Ժ󣬼ֵġ
Ҳ˵Ļ˵СҶ̶ǹˣҲŮȴͬΪŸոʶãǺˣΪġ
ʷƶأ
ȥǣΪǶ㲻ϲ飬ᳬĳ߶ȡ
ҲǸ㲻ҵӣҪ˵ĻȻϻȥ˦Ůʵ֣ȻûԭŮʵĶΪ
ǻԲ㣬һҪΪӣ㣬С쵰⼸󣬴ҵʼҾͷѾ޿ɾҩİˡŮֱۣȻ˵š
⼸죬ҺԺ󶼲ңһˣС쵰Ѿûˡ
Ů˵ţ۾ᣬ̲סҪο
ĬһᣬļŮһŮ㡣
ڳŮûһŮʻı飬ӣһԼļӣȥ㣬Լġ
ǰȣŮѾܾˣûмŮӣŮʴûһһֱǺǿӲǼ֡
㵱ʱҲûһüͷҪ˵ᡣ
ڣŮȴı飬һģ˾ÿӲ˵㣬ᣬһеһж˾е㲻š
һ˲ȴʧȥһ˵ʱ򣬾˵жôҪҪҪ
Ůʵ飬ѾʧȥˣҪܵĻܻܿһЩɵ¡
⼸죬ŮһֱƲֵӣϣõԭ̬ȣ˵Ѿ㣬ֻΪѩһ𣬶ԼҪ
֪жûиоһ㶼ϲңеңֻҪ㣬㣬ҪңҲҪ뿪㣡Ůʻ΢ͷˮĵڵϡ
Ȼ㿴ŮᣬȴܸоǵͷŮڿں飬ҪѰԼԭ¡
üȻŮʵӺܿȴȥһŮˣú鷳
ĵˣ鷳һ㣬Ůʲǣͷβǡ
˵
ӡϾͻȻʱ
ʲô£ʵΪϾʱ˵һʲô⣬һǺҪġ
ѩӱСǰɣһŮʲôеСƢǺģҲһүƢϾ̫Ůӣ̲סæ
Ҳ֪ĻֻԵһ㡣
һϲֱֱ˵ˣϲֱ˵ˣͬҲ˵ȱ㡣
ϾһӾˣϾһ˵ȷԼֵĳ̶ȣҪŮй֮޲
ֻǣ˵Ļеȷеơ
ӣ㲻ҪƲֻ֣ǲ뿴ʧȥһˣ㵽ʱڡϾߣ֣˵ţֻԼ
¿ǰ˵ЦݣÿοЦݣҵľͺ˺һʹʹϾ㱧ŵҶ̶˼Ѿˡ
һ֮Ի˵ֻǲٿ㰧ˣҶ̶飬ٿ뿴Ǹӡ
Ͼ΢΢һЦϾĸоҲ˳Ͼ˼Ů˵ðɣŮˣһߣʱı⣬뿪ǡ
ҲıģŮֲ˲ᣬȻǼᶨ˵ͬʱҲϾͶȥһм
ȻϲǷ˵Ķ飬ʱ򣬾ǲϲҲûа취ֻҪԸԼʲôԸ⡣
οϾҲϲҲκεķС
ͬʱһҲ˵һ㣬ҪϾֻһѾͷŮݵͺܶ࣬еķȴһҲͣҪһЩŮҪһ㡣
ΪŮʱȰ˵㣬Ҳһı⡣
ֻʱҲһ㣬ԼһŮϲϵģһɣӣոԼһͱˡ
ãԼ־ǿ
߰ɣڻûΣգһϵʱ뿪ϣǲݲ쿴ȻǾһϵʱ䶼ûˡ˵
ģӣΪ£ŵģû˸ҴŻʺ󣬻ĺ£ϾЦ˵£úЦ
һϣȻĽڣЩŮһ𣬲üԼ˲ҽ
ʺ󣬻㿴ļŮϣǲҪԼľ
Ůǻʺ֣ΪʲôļŮΪ˻ҪӼǰʼ˵ǡ


449 ļ
˵ڼǰ㱻ȽʹʱΪڴĿе⣬Ͳ밬ޱȥ
ǸʱҲðޱûбҪԼˣǿ԰ȫ뿪Ȼֱǰǵǡ
עĿ꣬һӲ뿪ͬʱҲ뿪Ƕ֪Ը֪˾ͺѻһ޴˾
ݲһˣȻˡ
Դˣ㵱ʱҲǺֱӵض̫ϻʵ˵Ƕѣһˣʥ۹ˣôʵۣ˭ϲ˭ȥɡ
ϣ벻Ҫ˵Ͼ˳ԵȻڻǵĻλǻʺøģҲǾһͬģԣǾԿģһֱ£ҲһҪ
֪ǵļѾʼԶѰˣһһЩڵ顣
ʲôʱģʲôʱһͬģȫԼǼٵģࡣ
ֻȴף˵ʲôҲûãΪǰЩǲԼ滰ŵԼģļ䣬ΪԳΪʵģļ䣬һΪѰһеɡ
ǣǲһ˵һµĴ𰸣ǾԲȥ£ͬʱ˵Խ࣬ǻԶѰ˵ǣǻͳһ˵
ǱʾӰ죡
Ȼ©ٳȴһΪһǼŵʵ
ͬʱȥԽãͻԽΪʵΪʱҵ˵һµģͳڿġʵ
ǵĻҲԵóһۣȻĪǵĻʵۣǶԸһ˽⣬һԸ񣬽ĸ
˵ǵļУŮʳܣ˵ԼʵۣԲӦ£ͬʱǻӻļ䣬Ҳܡ
ΪǾΧֹܡ
ҵԼôΧԭˣΪɱ㣬Ϊ˷ֹڻܡ
˳㻹Ҫһ£ļ䣬ȻˣϲŮʣҪֹȻͱŮʵһСɱˡ
ⶼʲôʲôȫ׵ļ䡣
Ϊʲô˰ɣһСģֺصĺҵģľ
Ȼѱٵ˻ʵۣͷʹ
˵ʱһ£ڵٳ֮һСľһȺŮϲԼһķ񣬲ͰԼļҸˡ
ʱΪ˵һĻǾ仰ǡ
ôǲǺǲǷԼѾˣҰķ
ǺһȺŮ㣬Ƿ׷һʱ䣬оİ취ŽƽϢˡ
Ůǲ֪жôĿֲֲеŮΪҪߡ
֮һκʹļ䣬ҲǺѰӡ
Ҳµٺ³Ҫԭ֮һ
ǷҪҳΪʵˣȻǲĵǲǣε˵
ҵ̫үΪʵʲôã㲻ϲλãһǶ㶨ο㻹лʺߣҵе˵
˲ҪλõģһΣԼЩ˻ƻλŮԶλӸ㣬ǲŻġ
ҵЩ˵뷨ǲԼƻıλ£ֻȴѽһЩĳǿΪʵۺ󣬾ûټˡ
Զ䡭
ǼȻԸ㶨ˣǻҪʵʲôҿһҸûĻӼ̳лλˡ̽Ե˵Ҳһõһµķԡ
Уһӣ˶ȵ̫ϻʣҵͷĿ죬еĴ󳼡
ǻʵۣ˵ʲôʲôǸΥҵֻܽʹĴʩǿȱ˽¡
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Уǿģǵģͬһ
ҿΪʲôһҪҲԸ飿ܿԼҲ֮һҲεЦЦ
Ϊʲô㲻ԸʵۣǱ顣̫ϻʾͿʵ
ʵۣ޵ְҵʵһʹְҵҪÿ촦ȫµ飬һҪĶٵ£ϢʱҲûУӺģҿɲΪһִֺĽǶȥʵְҵ˴ʡ
ͬʱҲǺִܶ˲ȥְҵҪȥһӹӹһˡ

ϻûдɹʶԣǼ֣㱻ڻʹҲŮʵķɷ﹬
ģϾŮʣ밬ޱԸߵŮǾһ
һһǿݡ
ǵĻΪʲôܺǵĻһ𣿡ʱޱǴֱӵһɴ󳼡
ǡʱ˶Իˣ벻ޱǻҰޱ˵Ķǡ
յʾֻǻʵۣŮǻʺѣûģǶԴ¾ͻʡ
ǰǣԺͻˣǲǵĻֻһʺûĻɡޱģֶ˵
Ҳǣϲֻһʺ󣡡̫ϻʵ˿ʼͷ˰ޱĻ
ǡʱҪ˵ʲôȴޱšһ£ֹĻ
ⷴѾˣҲٴһ㣬Ļʺʱסڷɷ﹬֮С
ڷɷ﹬Уһ֮ȷû˵£ſ˰ޱ֣ʵΪʲôߣﲢһ¡
Ժ¼㡣ޱ˵ôˣôӵó䱸ɭϵĻʹ
ˣޱ񲢲֪ʹܵһΣǺһġ
ģеǰ취ȥֻʱ뿪ɵ˵¾ͺؿģȲ˵ޱҿ⣬ΪʲôҲ
Ŀ㣬һߵİޱ˵ˡ
㲻֪ɣոҪûһеľģһҪżߡ
ѾͷϹ˵ʲôżߺš˰ޱһ£һۡ
ֻǿϧ˵ĻֻӦһ
Ŷ
ˡ


450 һԩ
ӣΪʲôٵһΣٳһΣһأ
ķ֮Ϊ·׼ױϾһ䣬һ⣬ҲŮҪ֪ġ
Ҷͣ˶㣬ڴĻش
ȻܽǿסΪʲôһΣͲñΧ׷½ˣҲױܡ
Ϊҵļ̫ˣԺػһ䡣
ӡ֪ΪʲôȥĽأϾе˵ЩĻеͷۣԼʲôϵء
ţ֤仰йϵġ
ʱ̫Ҳһִ󣬾˵ɣΪЧ̫ˣԼҲ޷ȥЩ̾Ǻ̾˵Լȱһ޳ܵԿ䡣
ϾŮǶĬˣžԼȥԼ飬㡣
ʲô˼һˬ˵ڴţ𣿡
ûУޱҡͷԲ鷳
Ҳܹңº׽ġڨڨ
ңҵĴŮ˵
ˣ¼ȻˣҲûа취֮ǰҲƵĺҲ׼ȥеˡ㿴Ůʵӣ˵ţҲ̫ȻĴҼȻңͱʾѾԭˡ
ģԭңŮץֱۣе˷ܵ˵
˺ܼ򵥣˵ĹȥԺ󣬾ҪԼˡ΢Ц˵ƽǿЦߺ˵ġ
ᣬԺһٷˡŮ˵ջԭ£һıԼٷľġ
ǵã㻹ԭ㣬ΪǨңıԼԸǾͲԼˡʱСƢСеһȤֻҪ֪շִͿԡ㿴Ů˵
ţ֪ˣһ㣬һ㣬㲻ϲһ𣿡Ůʱֱۣ˵
ˣҲԵƤһ㣬һ㣬֮ǲԷһЩԸ񣬵Ȼ˵ûж֡Ůʵ֣Ȼ£Ϊʼױ
ΪŮŮУĿһص㣬Ҫصչˡ
ѣǲѣǷޣŮʶһ㣬ԲòҪҲһҪ֡
˭Ȣ㣬Ůˣֱӵػص
ߣҲܣ㲻ҪңҲҪ㣬㲻Ҳãҷ϶ˣѾʽĻҲйˡŮС죬һָֻǰ״̬
㻹˵ˣҾǲϣҪˣڻһΡԸ⡯û˵ֱӵػص
ߣ
ιŮˣͲҪţһҪ㻯ױʱ㲢ûͣеĶǼŮʻױ
ߡŮһȻ͹ԹԵױ
ʱŮʵ˫ۿ㣬г⣬ΪԼױûŮҸ飬ױʲôһ
ʱ˿̣ƺ˸ոյìܣǲһҪֵìܣһСһ㣬һΪԷױһҸЦš
Ҳ˶飬ӺѩӱСˣһԩңֵĲܿͻϺͽ⣬ҵġ
ʱϾԼﰵ˵
Ȼ鲻Ͼ˵ҲȥԶˣһΣǺŮʷ֣Ůִ㣬֮˻ǻᡰͺá
Ůʰٷְǲ֣һֵס
ʱҲҪܾãŮҲΪóһʱ䣬ڣҲȻĺܾá
֮չˡ
ˣЦ˵
ҿŮʸ˵ؽеȻתױ̨ϵľӣžԼ
С쵰ŮʵһŭصⱾǺܴķˣһĸо
ʲôУ˷Ҳ˷ܳӡڶ䣬ܲ˵
ϾŮĬС
˷ܣӣ˷ܣǽǻŭ
ŪӣŮһѾš
ŮڵӣȥһƤںƽеСѼоŮȫû绪ĸ߹ˡ
Ȼˣӣ˭ϳϰҲϲĻױ𣿡˵ŻеСС©о
ԭֻ˵ױΪ˵ӣ˵ĻȷǺ
ֻǣŮʾͱúίˣúõһɫŮȴӡ
˵ŮƴˣƢõģҲԹŮȴͬˣ֪˵֮ͺܲ˵
Ŷԭ˵⵹ǲΪҪɡ
ŮʶԼòǺ⣬ϾôãͲϲ˿ԭӡ
Ҳ
Ůʱ򣬾ȻЦˣ΢ЦƽòҲһס
밬ޱŮʵĸоǾԲǳ˿ġ
ˣˡ΢ЦŶϾʣµļ
ҪҲŲҪӣޱһȻ˵ı˼ѾˣԲҪŮһһСѼ
ԣȻԼŰޱ֣ǺСӡ
ҪҾͲҪ㱾˵СˣڻҪôѿʱ͸ϲˡޱҡͷ㻯ױ
ˣҰ㻯ĺÿһ㣬ġš
Ҿƽʱװˣһ˵ġޱͬ⣬ƽʱҪױһ²ܳȻͻᱻĸԷ
ˣ벹һ£༸Σھˣҡͷ˵
ҪҲû£㲻ҪƭңҪҰ༸Σޱץס֣˵š
ٺ٣ɱһҿͷͷ
ǺһױڳļŮɺͨĻҹ
ģϾȣŮҲԼԺ׾ͽˣ
ҵļȻ
֮УŮǴҡڵļ뿪ʥ֮ǣֻΪڸҶ̶־


451 ܲ
Ҳ𣿡
֮Уһɴ󳼣ʱʵλõ̫ϻʣǱ֮ˣе΢΢üϳθС
Ѿȥˣڶûҵ䣬ͻȻʧһ㡣
ڶ⣬㲻ʱܼңºܿͻᱻ˷֣Ѿˣǲȥˡ
죬Ӧô죿̫ϻѰʼն죬Ҳһֱûʧ
ҲΪҷУûӰ
ģܵ˺УܲҪˣҪްǻϣʱһԽץеҧܣȴһ취ҲûС
Ҳ˵ѩҲǱߵһġ̫ϻʵͷǵ˶Ѿɹȥ𣿡
ǵģߵʱ򣬾Ѿ˹ȥˣް߹ȻλĲ֪ôźáеҵ˵
һҲ˵һ£Ů֮Ի֪ϢΪްʱ򣬱ҵ֪£Ůʱû겻ġ
ȻѾ˸ˣôļˡ
ô˵Ҳ£ŮҲ⣬ްҲ֪£ҲͳΪһȥû˻顣
ãȥζҪѻϸʲôķʽԣ̫ϻʺ˵мҲ¶һЩ֮ʵ۵˹Ȼǲһġ
ף˶Ӧ
ֻĿǰֻʱĹ۹ãգ̫ϻеˣܷеĲ㡣
ͬʱһ޾Ҫİ취ҲΪҲΪ˻ʵ۴ˣȻⱾģȴһֱΪԼֻǴֱ
ǣ
ǴҾͿʼ£̫ϻ˵ȻͿʼĹÿϳ
ҲʼǵĹ֮俪ʼ۳£ӦߣȵһЩǷ顣
Ҳʵ۵ԭܲ顣
һʱڰ꣬˳̫֮ϻʾͻ鷿飬ʮֵľ޴
ҲΪʲô˽̸۵飬鷿ţͱ˵ͺ̸һ顣
죬ʹµЩܵǲˣ
ʧ֮ŮʵķͱҴһ뺮Ѳ飬ǵϸѲ֮£Ȼܷܵ
һܵĳ֣ͻܵȺᱻ֣ΪЩܵţڷ֮ܵ󣬻ʹȻ᳹׵Ѳʹÿһ䶼Ź
ΪҲ֪˲ŵʵ
û˻ţʥ۹Ļʹ֮£ȻʼҶ֪ܵһһӴܵȺ
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ǰ㻹˵Ͼסס˼ʮˣȻڲ֪Լܵ붼ú£ҪЩ֪ܵ̿һ𣿡̫ϻµ˵
ͷ˵ȷûз飡ֲѩͻȻʧҶͨˡ
ǰѩһСӸģ벻СӶѩôչˣȻὫЩֻܸѩȴûи߹еκһˣ֪ԷȫЩˡ̫ϻеԴ׵ζȴοЦݡ
㲻ѩѩӱ˳һֱͷȴҪ޸һˣеȡЦζʱҪȾݶܶࡣ
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˭˵ģҿϲŮҪһ㣡
ˣÿζҪ۰죬ʱǾ֪Ȼ̫ϻ۹ܶΡ
мԭ򣬵ȻΪǸף׵ĵȻϣԼŮԼŮֻԼŮڵѾûˡ
ˣϣģˣԼŮ
ţüͷ˵һΣҪҲ֪ʹоȻܵҲΪˣⲻ֪˵һ£һ£
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һߵڼǾһ龪ΪͻȻ֮һ֧ӴľǵĹƽ
ǶѾ׼һȥֿľӵʱ򣬵ǾҪΪԮʱʱȴõһϢ
ԭ֧ӲǹǹһˣҪ˸ȥ
˶úգΪ˴һˣȻôƣⲻò˵˶ġ
Ҫҵ˵Ҫ֮Ҳ˾ÿ⡣
Ҫҵľ紫һˣһڶʱΪ½ˣ֮ǰͻȻΪʥ۹ĵ֮󣬾ͺܿͽ˹ˣ¶һЩΪ֪ǾǺڰ
Щ˾þȣ˾þ𺳵ǣȻͻȻ֮Ϊʥ۹Ļʵۣ½˶Ϊ֮Ϻþúþá
˵ô࣬شҲ³˭ˣ㻹б
֧ӣʥ۹ɹģǾȻôݣҲ벻ģҲΪ֪̫ٵĻץ㣬ԲŻݡ
˵֪֮Умʥ׵ĸ֣һȺ߽׵Ķ֣˸ȣ˻ɣʥ۹ǲǹ
ֻǽܵĻӶѡ
Ȼô˶ǵʥ۹һ·ˣҲᱻһ赲
ǱǿӲ⽻ֶθ㶨ˣϾȭͷ˵ʥ۹֧ҲˣҪǴһ군
ҲΪ֧ӽǵפǵĸ


452 Ҵլ
ǣҴլ֮УһȺŮΧӡ
緹֮ʱ䣬ŮǽӵĶʰɾڷһЩˮŮûһȥȫüͷպѹ֡
һΣӦô죿ĽǧѰ˵
ֻܵȣӼѾһʱķƶ΢΢üͷ˵
һֱС꣬ʱҲˣȵĻһᱻ˸ץסʱѵȥʥ۹Ļʵۣ
ʵ۲һֱ˵ҪڲãǳΪʥ۹ĹƶһЦ˵
ǣһȻҪȢǸŮʺܽ𣿡Сֱָĺġ
һӣƶ˶Ĭˣܽˡ
ֻǲܽҲû취֪ôãͻȻǷŮ˽飬ֳΪ۹ĻʵۡСĹĵ˵ȻĪǼ¡
ߣ֪ǵŮ㻹飡
ڳŮӣֹС뷨˵Ҳһе㲻ˬֻǳ̶ϵĲͬѡ
ѩ򡭡
£Ҿе⣬Ը񣬾ԲӦ񣬻ʵ۸˵ȻҲʧˣҲᱻ˸Χˡѩ򿪿ڵ
ѩʹûУ֪εڸʲô飿ĽǧѰʵ
ѩʥ۹Ĺʥ۹֮һڰΧҴլˣʥ۹ˣҪȥʵ۵֧ӡ
Ǻǵ˵Ǻе֣ûʲôرɣֱ˻ʵۡѩȻʹˣǵõĴȴںܶطġ
ѩϸ̶ȣϾҲǻˣȻ֪һЩ飬Ϊм̫һ㡣
˵ʱҲΪһЩ˵õܣ©ٳǻоз顣
ûʵ֮ǰ޷´ۣô£Ҫ֪֮
ʲôɣǲԸʵۣӲҪ׼ô죿ĽǧѰͻȻ˴һ⡣
ǵȻȥһʥ۹֪ҰĺС˵֮ǿ˺ա
ţС˵ûǻõ۹֪ԡѩ˵ѾȫΪһˣԼĵ۹ΣκҪ㣬᲻
ֻҪǵĲѩںڰĵλһԽٵͷһҪЩһССĽѵǵϹ
Ѿͷ˵ϹҪǣһŮǾͿʼû˵Ȼˣǵ϶һЦݣЦݷ·ˣǶʵǺˡ
Ǻãҵģһ˵ģʱ˭ҲЦ˵Ͳȴ֪ǲܵġ
˻˵ްѩˣѾǺܿ϶Ҫ޸ˣովûзٵĻֱӵĳǵϹ
˵ҪԵĻҲǷٲӣ˴ͷβǿЦӶࡣ
ֻǣЦˣʱҲġ
Сֱپôһ£ҵҲû˺ܶࡣ
ʵǲõ㣬ֻҪԸ飬ʥ۹Ҳûа취һֱû˵ѩͻȻ˵ĻҲӵ֮ϡ
û˿Ը飬ǿȵһʱҲ᳤ã֮Щ˻˸ۡ
ҲǣԸ񣬻ǲĹŹʵʲô¿ѵסѩ΢Ц˵
ֻǣе֣Ϊʲôڻûг֣ѩüϾҪˣȻȣǾӦõˡм䵢һ£Ҳ㹻ʱˣôȻӰ
һӣŮǵֱñȽѹ֡
֮ѹ֣Ϊڱʥ۹˰ΧţҲΪǺȢŮǲôϲŮˣֻΪ㵽ڻûг֡
ҲǱ˵ĻΪҲΪô˲Żûг֣ЩŮȴһ㣬ţǧһ֡
Ψһûгֵԭ򣬾Ϊûл
Ǿֵĵطʹʱ㣬Ӧڰ֮ǰѾˣһ㣬ҲӦ͵ˡ
Ϊʲôڻûг֣
ѵ˵ǲ鷳ֱԼЩ˲
ⲻܣ
ŮǶ㱧оԵΣԼܣΪһΣ˵Ҫȴġ
˵ĻûʳԹٶ˵
ʱŮǷԼЩ˶ˣȴȻûκεϢͬʱʱҲˣôеѹ֡
ڻĻһ˵һ仰
˺룡
еŮʲô˶ڣѩĽǧѰС꣬ƶ濤٣ްС죬ѩģһˣǾǰǸŮʦ
Ҳ㿴ʱ򣬻϶ĽǧѰ˵㻹İѰʦ˰
ȻмжһĽǧѰԭ򣬵ǰҴլҲǺƽ飬Ϊǰ;סҴլС
ҪˣһȫŮĴլһǾɫŮȻҲ֮һˡ
ڣﻹһȫŮҲ󶼾ɫŮΨһͬľǣڵҪǰҪࡣ
һ˵ûл飬Ůое㵣ˣΨһ뵽飬⣬һǺص⣬Ȼϵڻûл
ĽǧѰϿǿЦģµģǸող˵ˣʲô¶Ѳеʲôأ
ǿЦֻΪԼҲһģΪŮǵõοֻװһûµӡ
ֻǣŮǾŮûһ᲻֪ĽǧѰǿջЦοԼ
ţµģƶͷŮҲ͡
ĽǧѰҪοǣͬҪĽǧѰο֪ʵĽǧѰĳ̶ȣκ١
ţһָоϾͻϢĽǧѰͷ
ʱҲӦĽǧѰĻһҴլǰ棬мƽòȴʷǷŮ
ⲻ㻯ױŮ


453 
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Ҵլˣס˿
һʱǿҴլˣᱻʣпɵˣϻһȺ˹˸ץߡ
ס˭ʥ۹ʵ۵ļˣһǿԼһǿ㿿
Ȼǲеģ
ԲǣڱʵۻΪֹ

ˣʲôˣ𣬲Ҫңǻ𣡣ʱһŮڵ
һӾסˣ绹û˭Լ˵ģǰŮԼ񲢲ʶ
ֻǣǡ
ʺ£ɻؿƽеСѼоŮôҲǰŮȻŮʡ
òҲֻһŮʲӵеġ
ǣֻһͨˣ㲻ᵱʵۣǶİɡŮ仰Ҳڻش⣬Ůʡ
ŮһҲҶ̶
֪ǳʲô£ȻʱŵŮʵĲˬҲе֡
ֵǣȻôֱӵſڣŮҲܼɵֱԼݣ˶ںһ㡣
ҲԸʱͻֱ˵κε飬ҲΪɡ
ʺ£ΧͬʱҲǺһ䣬;Լ̫ͻˡ
Ůʲô仯ⲻӦùʵġ
С쵰ױģȻôùǣŮû˵˵ʱлһԹ
ŶԭǻϵĽǾ͹ֲˡ⼸λǻ°ɣϾ˿ϵļŮ˵
ֻǣȴҪˣȫŮĴڡ
أ𣿡ʵ
ڣѾˣһȻһôֱ𣿡Ůû˵òƻȻˬ
еɻʲôвˣҪԼȥˡ
ѵ˵棿С֤
ող˵ˣڣŮֱӻһ䡣
ʱҲʲôˣһαͲҪ˼ǣֻҪʲôֶζԡ
Խʥ۹
ǣֱ򿪳ţȴһڱ֮еŮ֮⣬ʲôûС
֣ʺǶڣΪʲôϲڣУ˻ϣһˡ
ѵ˵
ãݣ˵ɽˡһӦԼмˣڲ棬Ǿһȥˡ
ôôǼȻװΪʲôԼݣҡڵԼǰ
ΨһĽ;ǣΪԼЩ˵նһʧŮѾȥŮǡ
˵һŮߵĻԼЩ˾ͺܿԶҲĴڣʧȥӰӴԺʥ۹ҪʵۣǾһɵ
һ뵽зɱȥһٶȷɱ
ιι𣬲Ҫˣ˵ģС쵰ĲˣʱŮʵӺ洫˹ȴȫȥ
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ʮ𼱵ĴȴŮȫ棬Լڷ㶡
ʲôѵ㲻𣿡ѩüͷʵ
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ѩüͷǾˣԺעһԼΪΪҲŵ۹Ϊ
ǵĹ´λעġܿͿطȴʼûзʲôԾ
ѵ˵Ĳˣʲôֵİ취
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ˣֲãոһҪǲ棬ڣҪΪնõƶ˵
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ʺͻǲ˵ѩӱģޱ𣿡ѩ˵
˭أ˭ڵĻʺްеԴ׵˵ޱ˵һ㣬ͺϵ岻ģֻģô벻˻һ𣡡
ްԴףֻΪԼӦ޸ģû뵽ȴ˸ˡ
յϢ˵밬ޱĻʱҪжྪȾжྪȣɾŮû˵һ仰ŮȻΪĻ
ӺǰҾˣΪǲܵһԣû뵽ûܵһˣȴԼЩпܵǰ档
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ǰҪˣҲŮն޴Ϊǲȥġ
ʱ˾ˣǱ߻һš
ңҶ̶Ҳ棡
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454 һȥ
߿ѩЩԼ뿪ˣ˵
𾴵ĸλǻһ㣬еΣաողյ֤еŮǲ뿪Ҳκ˿ôŮߡ
ߣѩһȻͺֱӵض֣һƽǰ˸Һͣأʮ˳أϵһһ

ȻЩŮǵ֪ЩŮǺǿģȴû뵽ǿزһˣӵԼ֣ͿԽԼЩ׻
ѩͰһʱ̫ˡĽǧѰɵߣ˵һ仰
ҲǺܾãһ㡣ѩص
һ࣬һ࣬ھͺˣû˵ͿʼˡĽǧѰҡͷ˵
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ѩͷ˵ţһһһ㣬ոպеˣĻòôʱ䡣

ѩΪĿŬⷽʱͺϰԵȽϣͬʱҲ˵һ£´ΣȻᶯ֡
ˣëѾûˡ
ĽǧѰѾˣǲѩǲܵ顣
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ǺŮһ·˹ȥѸţ˱˰ΧŵŮʡ

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һӣŮǶ࿴˿ԷܴӶԷ￴ɻǷǰ⼸ŮȫԼûģҲʶġ
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ǣһŮҲһ䣺С쵰أ

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ΪֻǿЦǾ죬ûôһΣĲˣϢûУ죬Ϊ˵ģ͵ˣ
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ʵ·ϵʱ£ȴûиȥ룬ֻһԸΪֻҪһ֣һЦ˵ô·ϻðɡ
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ǵģǽȥ˵վ治ʣƶˣ侲˵ţУǰϴϴɣӣ̫ˡ
ҲϴС쵰ⶫ֪ôģôϴҲϴģ˵ҩУûиҡŮʻص֮ʧôãװ磬Ϊ㻯ױʱ˺ĲϣӦĲȥϴȻͨˮԶϴġ
УվŮһߵŮ˵Ͼġ
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Ůʼϴȥϵױʱһް˵ͷ
أǺһ𣿡
ް֣һŮȻģŮʵȡ


455 Ϣ
ޱڣҶ̶ڣŮҲڣΨһȴˣ˵ûиĻӦþңŮ
ڣȫµ˶֪ѾŮѾ޸ʥ۹ĻʵΪ
Ůǲܽģ˽֪飬ȻΪ˻һҲΪŮˡ
ͬʱȫµҲ֪ˣλʵ¼УҲǸŻʵԶ߸߷ɵһ
ˣĻǻ˭һ
ްòȥѯʣ⵽ôһ¡
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ǰһʹС쵰ƺϰߣҲʱʧˣҲڱڵĻǴδе档
ǿԿ϶һ˲ѵŻͻȻʧȻҶ̶ߡŮ˵ʱ򣬿һ߰˯ŵҶ̶еʼɣĻĽ
Ҳ֪С쵰Ҷ̶̬ȣǵˣ̴̵ġŮĵ˵

᲻Ҷ̶˵ֻŮʣޱĻȷ᲻Ҷ̶ڻһϾô᲻õҶ̶Ͼأ
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Ҳȴе㲻ͬˣΪǿҶ̶״ڻ֪ʲô£Ҳ֪һйµġ
Ҳ»Ҷ̶ĸ˱仯
̶׷ʲô£ΪʲôӣĽǧѰʵҪˣոŮʵ˻ڻش⣬Ծ͵ˡ
£Ͼ˵ȽϺãʱڳŮ˵⴫ϾͬʱҲϾΪ˴ҵĽ㡣
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ǶҶ̶˽ıŮʼ˶࣬ˣǵĸж̶Ҫ߳ܶ࣬ǲҶ̶ԸŮӣȻһ档
ڣĽǧѰҶ̶飬ȫǿԼĵϱһĺܡ
˵ڲͬȢҶ̶ĻᶼãѾ˵ˣȢҶ̶
ȢҶ̶£ҲһŮϢеСԴףףһŮ̶ȣӦõõԼҸ
ж󣬾ͷ֣ڵˡ
֮ǰĳϣܴҶ̶ڻʹţڣȴܣԽԽ¡
ͬʱŮҲ֪ˣΪʲôͻȻᷢ쭣˹ˣԭΪ¡
ã˿ǰ㻹ںߡ

ڣǸô죿ĽǧѰʴҵ
ҵܶ࣬ȴǾǡ
ȣ
ң
ȣȴţţû¾һǣĳŵ
ңȻеԴȥѰϢҲ½Ϊ֮
ĲЩŮʥ۹ˡ
һӣʥ۹ĹٷСӵекڰеˣʼȥѰ㡣

Ȼţôȥˣʧڴ½߶ٶем٣Ҫʱȥ֤
УһָһͬǰǣǣȴΪǼٵġ
ΪʲôȥǣһҪȥûɵġ
˵ʲôرĻȥǵ·ôʱ䣬лͨһϢȴʲôϢûУǾ͸˵Ǽٵġ
Ϊ˷ֹһȥȷˣǵõϢȴǣûȥǡ
ǣȴһϢǾѪСҲʧˣҲʱʧġ
ʱ˵ʧеɺϣǴȴûнϵһΪ߱ʹڲԣŲϵһɡ
ͬʱǸСҲǾʧҲͱ˸ˡ
ǣûйϵ
Сʧǰ죬ǺƽʱһĵصϹ䣬˱ȱȼٻһ׷֮Ϳʼζˡ
ˣǵļ̫ˣǻ쵰һ㶼ûñȣСԼĹȻ뿪˰г
Щ׷ߣȻҲ׷뿪ͬǣǲûȥʰ˵С׷ֲҪġ
Ǻ÷ҪңСźЩ˵
Сϲ㣬ȻҪ㡣Щֱףֱ˵ϲˣֱ˵ԼҪС
ҲΪԸ񣬾֮ûܣҲֱ֮ӣϲһ˻ֱӱȥ׷
ҲϲǣСҲһֱӵľܾǵİĽ֮⡣
ǣȻܾûõģõĻͲôˣЩҲˡ
֪һϲҵġ
Щ鿪ʼ˵ţȻݲͬ˼һǾ仰
׷ֱӣֱӵǵĻ˵ƤֻҪϲһˣԷܾҲһ׷
ǣԷˣ
ȴԣСûˣʾЩ˶лᣬܳΪСˡ
ҲϲǵģǾܵ飡ǶġСźЩ˵Ǽ
ֻҪһûˣҾлᣬҲġ
Ǻ÷Сеץ˵
С㵽ϲʲôˣҿԸĽԼ
ϲˣȥļļӿл䣬һ֧С˵
һӺ˶ˣУܳСļģѾûκ˴ˡ
ҪļģǾҲһҪһ֧Ǽֱ췽ҹ̷
УǶ̫ˣϲˣվţؿţԺرң

ιιҵĳѪ鶼СģеҲ⣬ѵҪұ壿
Ѫ̣˵һʱһ𣬺ĽԼ뵽СҲѪ̵С
ߣҪѪ̺ܲػصֻܿ죬;ϤһĿɶо


456 
㣡Ѫ̻ͷǸɶ֮˵ʱɫһ䣬ҧݺݵ
ңػţԲһ׷ߣ׷߲ԻѪ̸ŭ
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Լ˵أΪʲôϴһľ뿪һûУѪ̿ŭʵ
ԭҺҪ𣿡е벻Ѫ̾ȻǸ벻ͨǣΪʲô⡣
ҲѪҲ֪Ϊʲô֮ǰҲ⣬ǿʱŭˣʹ˵Ǿ仰
ҪѪ̻һŭݣҺҪʲôֲҵ˭
Ǿˣʲô΢Ц
Ѫһʱ
ߣ쵰࣬ڹʲôѪ̲غߵ
˵Ҳ㣬е飬㣬Ҫȥң᷽һ㡣
ߣѪ̾С죬һ˵ӣȻĹĵػͷˡ

ģֻԼȥˣܻ鷳һ㡣ܲ˵ѾֱȥŮҲǰѡ
Ŀ㣬ͷ
ɰɣû취벻ɶУΪ˵ôһĲ㡣
˵ҲҪ֪⵽ô£ΪʲôΪʲôĻһ
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˵һ㸽ĻСӦǺһĲŶԣڣСȴſļϣһӡ
û㲻뵽С꾹Ȼı飬ʵǷǳĿɰ
Сô᲻أǲΪСأ
ҪͻȻŮǷֵһ˵𣬵ʱ
ŮˣǲӦʥ۹ãҲö徻磬ںŮʳһκ󣬾ȥԣ·ڿŮʵĻԼǲӦһȥأܡ
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ֻΪﲻŮһˣϾҶ̶˶µģڰޱģǾҪˡ
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ʱСȴͻȻ˹֨֨Ľš
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㣬ˣС豻ųץˡ
ʱûʱȥоС˵˵ôһ£ֻĵطϣܸϵܽС衣
ȻϣǺãġ
֪СٶȣԼȥٶȣмʱ䣬κκε飬˵˴һֻСߡ
ֻǣ㲻ףΪʲôҪץС衣
˭ץС裬㶼ҪС˵ˡ
С˵ĵط֮ʱ㿴κεˣͬҲС裬ֻĴվ
ģСأĴӷʵ
ȴ˵һ仰һ˶ΪûѵĻ仰ǡ
С裬ʹˡ
ʲôʹüʵͬʱĸ֪ȥоСĴڣȴôûз֡
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ǡ˵Ǹо֮ʥҲܴĸо˵ΪһְԱʹȻų֮⣬Ҳʹġ
ûʲôװСʲôطȥˣҲʹˣֻ֪С赽ʲôط
֪СԸߣ˵һ仰㣬ҵ㣡Ļص

ĬˣʱС˵Ǿ仰ʱ򣬻ʲôı飬ڲǲʹֻҪС費Ը⣬ͻҵ
Ҳʱ򣬴һһ£ΪʲôԻ
ɺܼ򵥣ͨСں˵ѧħֻҪԽ
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ҲΪʲôĻһԭ⼸쾭Сһ𣬶СС꣬һܺԼ˵࣬Ȼ˷ˡ
ľͺܲ˼ĳΪ֮⣬Сϲˡ
ģҲǺܿɰҲϲһ𣬾;һˣ
һΣǽȥԵʱǵˣһ£ޱһģޱҲȥһЩ⣬ôȥд;ûʱһ
һ˴С棬ΪҲһ뿪ˡ
ģûмôȥЩˣйЩڵطϢʱֻܽȥˡ
ݼأʹסϣס֮ǣ

һ˵ʹһռ䣬ÿιҪһţ֮ţ
֮ţǾǸ˵ռȴ֪ʲôλõĴţʵ
ţ
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457 
Ҳߣʱľһ仰Ҳ֪ԼΪʲô˵һ˵ļ
һо뿪֮󣬽ٻ
ԼȥĻǽпҲ㣬ѡ£ѡס뿪Լһ
еĵķӦȴûʱȥоǺɫûʱ˵ʲôãңһ򶼲ϲң㻹ǿȥǻϡ
˵ͬʱѾ׼С꣬ϡоСϢоĵط񱼡
ǣʱȴݵץס㣬˵һΣ˵ʲôҲûãңҾ͸ܣ۶ãҶȥֱ׷Ϊֹ
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㲻˵׷㣬ǣ֪һСŮˣֻҪ֪ǸҾͻ׷ȥһ£ĵ׷㣡ն˵仰ҲԵеˡ
仰Լ˵ģǿСķ룬Сķ룬ֻҪ֪˼ͿԣеϸҲûȥ⡣
˭֪ǲС귭ϳ⣬ȥʲôأ
ˣûʱţҪǰɣǾ㱳ģ˼ĵı
ĳĬһᣬǰĻһȥʱ֪Լ˼Ǿͻᱻ¡
ĺıӴһ̣ˣʱȴֻǽ˫ס
ץˣҪˡ
šĺǺߵĵͷͬʱҲ˫˫֣ı㡭
ȿȣǽңһء㱻ıס˲ӣеԺ
ҲǹģĻæɿ֡
Ҳǽ֣û˱𣿡ʵҲǣЩС㣬Ǳ˰̧̧ŵģǣСʱ߲ʱϰᱳ㡣
˵һ󣬾ͽĸôƣվһ߷ŵ˵ȣǲ뿪Ҷ̶ĺԶԣͻȥһǣǲõˣ
ţȵͷӦ
ˣ㱳ģһһ㣬ǰ񱼶ȥһӾʧ֮䣬ʧȵ
ǣʱȴƺһûȥע⣬ǲ˵ԣȻöǲ˵
Ҳ˵ҪȥⱾһ˵Ҷ̶ѹĻ˵֪ʱҶ̶Ļѹ
ҲΪһʼʧȥС裬еż飬ҲǺ׵ҹȥ֮󣬾ˣֻԼѾ¡
ΪһһȺŮȥѰ䣬ֱ
ͬʱҲΪʱһȥҲʼ侲ҲˣСµĻԼٿϹȥҲûãûµĻԼ͸Ҫϡ
ֻȻͨһ㣬ǻҹ̵žǸȥһĺƣ룬ÿ춼ҧظ·
һСڴﳤ󣬺Ϊ۹Ůһ۶ûܹڶ˵ǳڣûй顣
ʱ㿴˵ֲȥ㻹ǻȥɣҿ԰˱ȥ
ʱĵĻشһģ
ôĿ϶УҲ͸¶żᶨĹâ
Ҳǿһ㣬ûм˵ȥϲģҲΪϲһҪһ飬ģҪֵף
ģھȻ㲻ʲôԭľģҲľģе˼
ҲҲΪһôҲץСЩʹúܶࡣ
Լ
ԼȽʺȥͶħ棬ԼûߵĻֻĻһȥħ
ȻǲܵģΪ
ǹүܵģҪҵڼ棬ڵظӦһǿĻҵ
ţûǰǮշӣ㻹һѵĵһѵСŮ˵ǸСͷѾߡ
СʦʱһǿɣʵҷҼЩͷصҵŻϱڽСɰ͵ġ
ˣΪǣΪԺ󵽵ظյͷǵչˣŪСò顣
ʱǸСʦþʹסˣþԺһ䣺ʦ֣ǲҲһ򣬲Ȼôôң
С򣬵ֻ㵱ãûб̬ϲСѾͷƬӣǣǸϹģϲ͡
ԭʦϲؽ㣬Ҫؽȥ
Ѿͷ˭˵ϲֻǴѡιιѾͷ㲻Ҫܡ
˵Ǿ仰ʱСʦѾˣѾȥϲϹأһֱûи½ϵش
ֻΪϹϹҵĶС㣬Ϲǽһ
˵Ǿ˵ʱϹϢһȻֱܽӣóһѱ׼ɱڵĵط
ãļ˸ֹˣ
ͬʱһִ˵Ǵ˵ѣǰѱϹصĶ׼˵ġ
ȻЩ⻰ԶˣԶˡ
ȴһ˵Ƚϲ͵ŮӣϹصʱеϵһŮȻעصĵطעصǡ
ϹػһʹħĵľɫŮ
עˣһ㣬ħģͱħǺ
ޱ֪µĻһʧ䣬Լı˵ɡСزһ뷽跨ҪٰزŪ
ʲô취⣬ֻҪϲôС
ȿȣ˰ɡ

صǣѪʱѪ뿪󲻾ãеͷˣ֣žȥ
е֣Ѫ̣㵽ʲôող˵𣿡
ҸıˣҾӦôȥȻҪҽͷ㣡



458 
ҪԽ֮ţѪ̾ȵؿ㡣
û֮ǰȷһ£֮ǲǳֹˣʵ֮ԻѪ˵£ֻҪ֪û¡
ûеĻԽ֮ʲôأ
ˣ˵ʲôˣѪ̺ǲؿ㡣
һֳųˣ㲻ػص
ŶǺУɫˣÿͻһΡѪ룬ش֪£ҵСʱҲһΡ
СʱûʱСʱ򡭡
ֻǣ˵ĶԻУоһִ̼
ˡ
ųˡ
ɫˡ
񰡣ԭǣǲðģʵϣʹȷҲԽˣ

Ȼôһ£ǲдġͷ·ûдˣֻҪž֮ţͿҵЩˡ
ֻڻе벻ͨΪʲôСᱻץߣ˵ߡ
ѵ˵ЩСЩŹϵ
˵ԺܴСһֱ˵棬ҲûʾټСҲһֻ񣬺Ҳźܴϵ
ʱͻȻһ¡
ô˵ѵܰɡ
࣬ҪԽ֮𣿡ʱѪͻȻؿ㣬ࡣ
ȻģȻôԶܵ˵û˵ԼǷ糾ͣҹ̸ġ
˵Ļͻ˼ᶨľģֻȴ˵ЩֻҪԼͿԣˣѪˣ֪
ҪȻ˵Щɫ˳ǻȥʱȴҪϺܾãһټʮ겻ȣе꣬һΣǻûлȥ˵Ϊ֮޷˶ʱȥѪ̿ʼһ⾫֮ţЩˡ
ȥĻҪһٶܻ˵ҵĻҪϼ꣬ҲԵȣ㲻һһֻ࣬һٶ꣬ȥԺ󣬾͵ǲڻˡ
Ǿ֮Ϊʲôû˹ȥԭ֮һΪмʱ̫ˣңйȥȴûо
ˣھ֮ŵһʲôû֪ҲãҲǵ
ͬʱ⾫֮ҲҲû˹ȥЩˣȻû˻ȥ
͵뿪磬˵ͨһ㣬϶˵ȥˣ͵ˡ
飬һϣֻǴ˵˵֮ǰ֪£ϣֻһ飬ʱǿԴŵһ߻
ֻǣȴԭģûпԼҪȥĻҪ㣬һ߲ܻ
ʱƽûжٲҲΪѾ˺׼
ôڻҪȥ𣿡Ѫ̿ƽı飬еʵ
Ҳһ˵⻰һߵľһѵʱֲС
ܰɣ飬ҪܿԣΪСȥĻǾͷ߰ЩŮӡ
ȻСر𣬵ʼֻһֻСѵҪΪЩɰŮǡ
⣬һˣõĴ𰸣һǷ񶨵ģ
˵Ҳͬ˻˵ԼΪŮǣԼֻɲ֪Ǽ١
ѡ֮£ŮҲһͷҲһȥ
㲻ͬǱߵĻûκγͻĻԥĹȥʹһҲһ
ֻǣڵȴе㲻ͬ߶ˣֻǱߵҪһ㡣
˶ΪһֻСһȺŮȣϣϣǰ߶Ҫ̫̫࣬˵ǺԲƵĳ̶ȡ
ҲΪĻΪ֪֮󣬿ʼȴˣߵ˺¡
Ҳãõ¡
ҲǷһʯԭڵ㴩Խ֮֮󣬻鷳Σա
δ֪ģ˭⺦£Ҳ⡣
ֻһһǴġ
ǣҪҪҪȥǱˣͻزˡѪ˵ΪĻڿ⡣
ȥȥͿЩǲǹȥˣող˵ǻûлȥʲôط֪֪ܲ˵
ûˣȻ˼ҶûлȥԼȥʲôв
һаԼôôûȥ롣
ûлȥǾͱʾСҲһǻҪȥԽ⾫֮ȻǲҪ
Ҳ֪ЩֻоŮҲҽ֪ġѪҡͷ˵Ǻܿ;е㲻Ծ
ǺʲôϵΪʲôͻȻ˵ҪԽ֮ţЩɫˣʵش𡣡
ΪʲôҪش㣬ȥ㣡ûлش𣬼ȻѪ̶ֻ֪֪оŮǺ˵ʲôҲ˷ʱ䡣
Ǻü˵ˣֻѪ̺ǲˬ
ߣ˵Ͳ˵һϡ֪Ѫ֮û˵ˣһֱĹĵӣһ

̣һϢľŮüͨԺŷ⡣
һ꣬һŮ˶ӡǾص
죬Ǿͱʾǵģǣѵ֪ǾǲģŮе˵üԭ
һֱǾĽأٸ߹Ҳһ룬½֪顣
½֪飬Ѫ̵ȻҲӦ֪ΪʲôڻҪ
һΣ㲢ûʲôر飬ֻǱѪŽȥȻȴûκεķ˭ԳͨĽ
ΪԼǾԵţôˣҲûκһҲε
ʱѪѾھŮĸˣҲû赲ˣҲǾûˣöѾѾƻ˹أǾ͸ɴҪѪҪʲôˡ
ⲻò˵ķʶ̫ˣ


459 ʹŮ
㣿ģ벻ȻǡŮڿĵʱǾȡ
е֣ǿԼ˳֣ҲûбҪְɡ
ԾŮӡӦΪ̶ȵȲŶԣԼȻֵеͻȻڵȵĳ̶ȡ
ܿ죬ˣԭŮȵĲԼڵԵʡ
Ļ벻ʧ֮󣬾ȻŮڻָ֮󣬾Ͷ΢Ц
ԭŮոڿϢйϢ
֮ǰŮʻھͻȻΪϢ󿴵ŻʺܵǺ֡
ȻֻһΣǶĸоȴӡ̣õʲôˣҲһϣԼŵˡ
Ҳ˵һصЩֻҪһ棬ܶԶԷ˽⣬Щ˾һһȴԶ޷˽Է
Ůڼʱ򣬾֪޾ˣһ࣬žһеȻϢȻĹޣʲôݡ
ѪɻؿģȻϢ֪ʵھûյϢŮҲǸող֪ѡ
Ҳò˵Ϣ̫ˣȾԶģҲѾյϢ
Ҳ˵ص㣬¡
㣬˵ǵŮǻӣѪСüͷʵ
ţû˾ʥ۹ĵȻ˾֣ʵϵȷŮͷ
Ѫҡҡͷ˵ôܣһ쵰ôܳΪĵңŮ˲ŮΪʲôԼˣ
ţ˿ԳΪУһֵ𾴵ˣȻǲΧˡ
ͬʱŮҲ֪һУüŮڻûгʱ򣬱ѾǼˡ
⼸Ůûһ޹˵ģ֪ȥһûС
ҪΪʲôѪ̼ŮҲܼ򵥣ǰѾŮܳʥ۹Ψһȥʥ۹ĵطǾǡ
ʵĿĳ˶ȶȼ⣬һҪԭǾǳʥ
ʲôʥϻȻǾ֮ţЩˣʹ
һ㣬Ҳ֣Ҹոջ⣬ڿҲˣ˶ǰˣȻֱʱˡŮȻ΢Ц㣬ȻС
⣬Ҳ̸ۣʵû취ȥ̸ֻۣҪ֪ǵĵݣڱƵģõ֤ҡҡͷص
ô˵ѵǣԼĴ̫ڸԿסôˣһСС©Ů˵һЦһĻ
ΪЧ̫ԼҲ޷ƽ⣬
ȿȣ͵͵
ŶкιأŮҲû⣬Ȼ㲻˵ҲˣҲֻһʱѣҪ֪
Ϊ˾֮ţɫˣǿܽʹˡֱӵ˵ԼĿģĨǲԸͬʱҲ̫˷ʱˡ
Ů΢΢üȻƺеͷۣһòػصҪʧˣ缸ĻҲܼǣѾصŵһˡ
û뵽ˣȻгɵģҪ·Ŀ졣̾ԼѾҹ̹ˣûϡ
֮ǰҲûԼԸϣҲҪҪ֪һ¡
ߵʱֳ𣿡㿴žŮһִûй̬ʵ
ģѪ̣Ůһ£ͺ񿴵һܲ˼һ㡣
ϰߣҶһ£һڳŮƬ֮˵
ûпС裿ǰҼϵֻɫС񡣡ʵص㣬ҪȷСǷǴˡ
ˣҸոջﲻԾԭϵС費ˡѵһΪС裿Ѫʱгڼʱ򣬾;еֵֹģ֣벻
ҲС̫⣬ӡ̣ȴֺ׽ӣӦ˵һӲֻûֻù֡
ţҾΪģץˣĵ˵ӦûͷͷĿģͬʱҲ˵ҪԽ֮ŵԭ
ΪСҪԽ֮ţ࣬ҾڿɰˡѪһӡ
ھκεﶼһģСҲһõѣΪԷ
лл佱˿Ľޡ
ߣ㻹һɶ񣬵ɱСãѪ̿ҪͺߵһֻСôϵС̽ͷƺҪԮ
ֻСãǲʳﱻѪСá
꣬ѪһֱСôߣһû뿪˯ϴʱ򣬶ߡ
ѪҲСһʺϵ֡
Сã
Сã˵ǸŮ£Ҹոյ⡭㲻Ѫ̶˵ȥʱ롣
ߣСãұˣѪСֹܵͺܹܵͣɵѡ񲻴⡣
Ҫ˵СĻ롭Ůҿ϶ֻΪСʵ̫Сˣ⾫档
Ҫˣ󲿷ֶɭ֣ɭ֮УҪעһֻСǵȷеѡ
ãŮļ仹ͬʱ֮ҲǺĵط仹ǲǼԽ֮ŵߣȻһ㡣
ûУŮش
ûУȷϵ
ûУǲˣϲûʲôطԲضģŮǿ϶ػص
ţŮ˵һȽֵ顪
һ±Ƚ֣һʱֻ˵ģȥʱȴһˡ
һˣɻؿžŮ
ǵģһʹʹŮˣе֣ԸȥǱʹϹȥĸо



460 ȡ
ĬˣһǻųŮ
ѵ˵һΣ
ܲһ£ǵò
òǲֻҪҿ˻ҶסһչֳŮ֮󣬾Ӧһ䡣
ţŮһ죬һĻˣҲףΪʲôովŮ˵ΪͲҪȥȥ
㼸˵ǰһħâˣγŮ
ǾŮһħУźܶħȻûж٣ǸԼѡ
ħŮʹǰɫʥĳ򣬶ƺڱȽϳģһʹ
֮ԻĸоȻΪ˶ԱȣмǸŮҪۺܶ࣬Ҳ˵͵ģڱȽɬоŮ
ͼֵʱüͷʼ㣬Ȼָָǰͼ񣬽Ŷ˼ơ
ͬʱҲ˵ţ㣬ǣǾǴСʹ
ʱǰͼ񣬲û˵ŵƺߵʹмǸǸȽɬʹ
㣬ôˣľе㲻ԾôûзӦԼ˵Լ
ո˵ʲô㱻ĵһ֮󣬲Żع񣬿ʵ
ļƣѪ뾫Ůе֣ոȻҲһЩƣ֮ǰΪֻҪġ
ڣòе㲻ͬˣ񲻽ģڱһЩʲô˼һ
ڱ˼
ܿǾͿ϶ĵں˼Ϊڿĵ֮󣬾ͻشˡ
ǾǴСˣǾûˣͲдˡģҪˡڿ֮󣬾˵
Ϊʲôļơ
ҪŵһߣѪ˵ģпܾܺöܻĻͲٴһˣ㿴΢Ц
ҪߣҪȥǱ𣿡ļơ
ǵģҪȥǱߣǼᶨػص
ڣҲӦˣĵƣʵһ
˵Ҫ
ʱƲֵģһ仰Ϊʲô˵ĻֻΪƲֵԭǣֱӺ㹵ͨ
ÿζҪͨ˲˵֮еʲôţܲ
ǰʱǺ⣬֪ΪʲôʱԽԽ¡
Ҳע⵽һȴ޷ͨܽԼĻֱӱһֶôʹ顣
Ǹʱʼеޣôô⣬¼ÿ˶СС껹ȶԣΨȴԡ
ǺԼԼΪʲô˵һ
ǸʱôϣԼһˣҲνǸ߹ݣǾ͸˵ˡ
Ǻܶ˶ӵеģȴȥϧ飬ֻʧȥˣһЩˣŻʣһô顣
ҲΪһ㣬ŻͻȻ˵һ仰ȻıһˣǶҲֲһ㣬һ졣
׼ȷ˵ǰǰȫǺһûзֱҲΪʲôʱ俪ʼĵԭ
ǰûкһоһĲͬڣȴоԼ˵Ĳͬ
ʵ»бİ취ֻҪĲһͿԣǣĪҪһ𣬲һֿ
ҲҪ֣ҪһȥŵһߣҲȥĺǿٵĽ⻰˵꣬Ѿ
ⲻò˵Ŭ
Ȼ˵޷ֱӹͨȴͨС˼ΪҲ˿ԺܺõĽ
ܽ˫Ȼ̵ñȽףѧһҪ²Էͨ˽⡣
Ҳһ㣬Ҳܴһ̾ͻᣬһܾһ
ǾˣҲҪŬſԣȻ̶̵ʱͿ
ҲҪʣΪʲôһ˻һɵġ
ûɵģҲܰһ档
˵ҵʱиϵе壬ǸһŮӣС÷õģһŮӣ˵ġ
ҪΪưͣһưͣһӣҲҲ˵ư͡
о仰˵ư͵ĲһӣӵȴһưͣΪǲ֪ôȷģͲȷıﻰһ㶼ܸɴѡ񲻳
ǻЦޣ
һ㣬֤أÿζŪޣȻЦЦȴǺܴҲĲ
ΪĴڣȻҲǾͨ
ҲΪһλͻȻĸˣŻһαӦþܾʱȴûȥܾ
δһһʼҲ
Ҳһȥѣˣһߣȴûǣҵ飬Ҫźá˵ԣȻȰ˵ģļֵĻǻͬ⡣
ǣȴԼ仰˵ĿԣǷϣҲһԡ
㻹һްѩҶ̶ôమ㣬ˣ㻹ҪȥУȻǱûǣңȥˣͻˡġ˵ȥһҲȥ
仰˵ǣңһģƺеĪôе㰮ĸо
һ㣬ȴûȥע⣬ֻ˵֪һ߻ѩǣһȴС裬ԵĻһѡ߽Եãȴֻѡһߣ
Ϊʲô㲻ѡһߣһߣѵôˣҲȲһС𣿡ʵ
⣬Ҳȡ⣬ǴȴѾԡ


461 ҵԶҵ
ǰɣ㿴ģ¶һ˵ܵ΢Ц
Ҳǻе㲻˼飬ʱСһֱߣȻǵֻһֻС񣬵ȴһֱͬ飬ôһֱҵͬ顣
ȥߡģʹ࣬һе
ᣬͺ˵һ¡
һ˵Ĺ£ܰĹ¡
Ѫ̵뷨жһᣬһܽСﵱͬ飬ȥԽ֮ţôøжء
ڣڿʱ򡭡ǻûɢħҸǰһߣʹҪߵһУ
ʲôɣʵ
ʵûɣҲҪȥģ㲻øңȥ˵һǡ㵭˵
ֻҪ֪Ѿȥˣͻȥ
ɺܼ򵥣ȻҪץС裬ѾץˣǾһȥҪС費ǳСˡ
ܣһҪС費Ļ֮ǰѾˣץô鷳
ڶô̵ʱѾȥͱʾм䲢ûʱ⣬Сһǵ
ˣô㶼һȥ
ֻΪСȥȷǻ˶⣬ֻΪ˭ûСеĵλжҪ
Ӧ˵˶ûСôҪҪκε飬ЩŮӡ
Ҳȥ˵һĵ׷㣬㵽һ磬ҲҪ׷ȥĵǼᶨ
ðɣϣ㲻ҪڣǾǺڣҲûˡ˵ʱڣͱʾǶһˡ
Ŀ㣬ĻԼпܻڣģǣ㾹ȻӦˡ
ΪԼҪһŬܵõͬ⣬ȴû뵽ǣ㾹Ȼ򵥵ĴӦԼҪ
ĺҲоԴԼʹ˵֮㾭Լ΢ЦǺЦݣʱ򻹻᲻ضŪԼ
ŪǶԼЦὫԼޣܿͻԼЦ
Сûо飬û˸ҶȨģȴûȥȻ۸˵УǸһˡ
ĸоĸоԼ÷һ㣬Ǹоûġ
ĻɣǲҲһ÷ˣǺԼ࣬ʹԼ
Ů˵ĸоȻǺǿȻǸ÷ˣĵȫһ¡
Ҳǿĵ뷨Բ˵Ļ
ҪȥɣѡȨ㣬ҸĶѾˣʣµҲֻͬˡ
ţҵѡ񣬾ǺһȥУҲڣԶڣ˵
ͬʱˣΪʲôĸооһߵĻͻԶ
鲻ͷˣ֮ǰԼǾͿ֪ܲҪŵһߣǾͿԶټ
ģһ²ףΪʲôͻȻҪңʱ򣬺ֱӵʳе⡣
Ϊӣˣ㶼һ
òǱǸŮ˴Ⱦ˰ɣôͻȻ˵ֺȥĵĶͷе̡
㷢˰ǿҿ
˭ˣŷأĵģеҵơ
԰ô죬ҶͷҲе̣һһ·̫ҿˣŻе㵣ĵ˵
һ·ϣ㶼ǿҧع֣е㸺
ֻǣǸʱȴûйҲֻǳԷʱ򣬸һ㶫һ£ټȥȻ壬ǿֵܼڡ
ûСҡͷ
ǼȻû£Ϊʲô˵㲻
㻹ǵãովŮôǵ𣿡ûؿ㡣
ôǣǽʲôΪĵ֮ġ룬Ȼػص
ĵġе˿˿ĸоƺиоϲ
ιô˵ˣôˣŻģĺеԺġ
ҼȻԵô˵棬˵ҪΪӣȻ϶ɷһֻ޸һˣֻһˣбˣȻӣĺء˵
˵һܴͳŮӣȻ˵ӣǾͱʾԺһ޸Բ濪Ц
йŮӵ⣬ԲǿԿЦġ
ЦԺ޸ˣôԵǸɷԲ顣
ǸʱȻֻߣҲǾǹģҲ¶˾ġ
ǸŮȥ֮Űɡܸɴѡ⻰ϼֱתͷžŮ˵
ߡӱܰɣҿӵ˶ãԺеʱ䣡а˵
ȥ֮û⣬ҪȥҲû⡣Ů˵
ҪΪ֮ţ;һǲ˽ȥȫˡ
֮κ˶ȥĵطǽٲһ㣬Ǿ֮ȴɾŮҲǲĽɡ
ΪκҪ֮ţҪͨŮŮȻ˭Լ˭֮ͨŵġ
һΣҪ֮ţŮǲȴҪһ㡪
Ҫ˲Уһ֮ţǾпܻز½ӵеһУܻʧȥǷҪ
ܿ϶˵
ţ˵һ˺׵Ļ
ӵеһЩԭңھʧȥҲźӦҵĶԶҵģҵŵһߣҲһ


462 
ھǵĸһƬССҪ˵½ںƽģ洦ԼĶ
СȴСûеĶһõĶ
С֮ϣһŵ壬ֻſſ֮ȫֹ½ĻòʣǿĻһоǣһԴԽʱյʱ֮š
ͬʱһȽ˾飬ŲûнӴСκζҲ˵С֮ϡ
Ǿһ֮ţ
Ǿ֮ţħŵĸоһۿ֮ŵʱ򣬾ͷۡ
ȷ⻹ħϷеħţ⻭˵ħãȻԼڵ籾һħõ磬⻹ǵһĸо
ҲΪ֮ǰ̫ƽ˰ɣӦ˵̫ڴˣ黹ƽ
֮֮ܶźħãĸоһҲûС
Ů֮󣬿˿㣬Ȼóһħȣʼû
һӣħȿʼâ䣬γһһĹǵ֮ţħħϵһ
žŮԽԽ죬âԽԽǿҡ
ֱâһԵĵز֮ʱеĹâʧˣһִøոյĹâ񲻸ڵĴ
ڹâСֳ֮һħõľ֮ǰ棬ͻȻһţӾ֮һֱŮǰ
֮Ҳһ΢ı仯
㣬ھ֮Ѿ򿪣·ǰǲҪߣǾҪľŮ˵
·һߣ֮ǰ鷳һ¡΢ЦҪ뾫֮ţκεԥҪԥĻѾԥˣȵڡ
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ˣˣ֪ˣ͸ҰɡǵģΪʲôСԼߣȴϲҺС裬ڸҪԼ費ܣǲТ˳ССԴ΢Ц˵
С껹Сųãһû뿪˵ԼȺ껹裬ǰְ֣Ҳǡ
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仰СӵеҪԼϺܶ࣬˶˵ֻǶԼһ£Ƿʲô
СǾ仰еǸ
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ҲҲʾţʧˡ


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С˵ĲǱ飬˵ʲôʱʲô˵ǷƺһڼС֮ûþϳˡ
СĻ·𿴵һĻ桪
һľСӱߣһŮںӱߣϸںˮ֮УźˣСС꣬ᣬкߵ˵еһЩ뷨

С裬ôһ£С裬Ƕ԰ɫʵ
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Ϊ˸֮һССĵ飬ȻǺʹʹһ봿࡭

С衭

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ӵʱ򡭡
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ˣˣԭĲΡ
ʲôΪΣߡ
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464 롪Խתվ
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СʱҪϰԵطɵţȴԼ״̬Ѿˡ
ѧŮһ굽ĻУ㣬һǶԳΧס
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ȻףΪʲôԴףһƻҵĺ£΢Ц˵
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ǣһ죬ްСԹ񣬻нСĶԻͻ˻ɣмǲǻ顣

ۣö˰
Сܰʱ̣һееͷ۵üͷʼ΢塣
Ѫ̣ôҲˣͷſվŵǽСɰѪ飬Ѫ˭
ʲôԼҪģҲŲΪ˸쵰ߡѪǿɰСԴӣǲмӣ˵ܲм
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ΪʲôҪѪ鳤ǱĺúõģΪʲôеζؿѪ̡
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ҲΪ㣬Ҫ˵̫磡
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㲻ҪˣԺһǿȥ

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컹Ǻܴģ㿴һͷڵıԵԲſƺ
ȷǿԳ֮Ϊ˼ãӦþǿԳ֮Ϊá
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ǰҲĲʺϣԣһ취ȥġ΢΢һЦһҲѪ̵ĻѪ̱ϲ죬ĻҲһʵ
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Ǿʹˣǲǿ˿ֲʵһһЩƿһе
С裬ǻ߹ȥɣ㿴˿Ѫ̣ô˵Ҳһİĵط²̫á
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ģΪɫǡѪܹ޵Ӧһްɡ

ҿ⡭
УһϣǼĽţ
ôˣʲô𣿡СѪ̴˹Ҳеϣ㡣
С裬ˣǾ͵ȥ
ܺ𣿿ǵϣʷսûֹͣҼΪҵ硣Сеϣ֪ʲô취һӾ˽ʱϡ
ٺ٣սĶһ£ҲǼǰģ˵Ѿƽˣ
ŶҲãǾȥɡ
ţ㿴С裬ֿѪ̣ͣСϡ
Ĭˡ
˵һ˵ĻѡʲôνֻҪͿԣǣһˣҪΪ˿ǡ
Ҳûһ㡭


465 Ҹ֮ţ£
ģиһѪ̣ʧھ֮֮еº
һ죬֮һοˣ˵ȻǾŮεĶȴˣҲǵȻġ
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ţһᴫӦǺͰһ𡣡ȺŮеһͷŮ˵ò¶֪ĽǧѰ
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仰Ѿ˺ܶΣҲ˺ܶδ𰸣һµģڿ϶ġ
ǣ˵ѡ񲢲һܱסʱ򣬵ʱ̣ʧȥӵе
ˣĽǧѰҪЩŮٶһȥǣΪЩŮãͬʱҲǶ㸺뿴ߵŮкһģúܲ
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У˾òȶ٣ĸ黹֪ʲôȻҲһҪԼĲƲȫнӵеĲš
ţڴ½ʷһĴڣԴӴ֮󣬾һֱѳ½ľá
˶֪ŵĴʼ㣬ȴ֪ʵǺ޹׿Եġ
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ձģһȺڰġ̡ҲΪǺڰԲܱôʱ䣬ѳ½ľá
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ݰʦ˵ֻǾŵһ߱ȽʣԿʹҪȥʶʶ˵Ƕˣʱ·ô죿
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˵ˣ㵽ҾͺȥңһҪ㣬С۸㣬ҾͰһ濤Ц˵ȻоеЦĿ϶ǲݻɵġ
û취ƶŷ濤֣Цš

Ƕ˰ɣڹһ֮ĽǧѰʵ
ǵģҪȥС쵰һŮ˵һ仰ֱ˽ȥһʧ硣

ǵģ۸㣬ȹȥˣһʲôԲҪѩ΢΢һЦȻŽš
ߣˣţްһȻܽȥ
ҵϹӣǵһμʱѾˡЦ˵һΣܸɴĽδȥ
Ҫһ𳪸裬ûҾúʧȥһ㣬УҲĻȻҪȥޱֵҶ˵һߣҲܸɴ˵һ䣬Ȼȥ
ҪźӡϾġ
ҲһҪźүС졣
һҪսһܵѩġ

ţĽǧѰһŮ߽ţҶ̶Ҳƶˣֱſֻ뾫ŮЩŮȻԸֲ߽ͬš
ĽǧѰҡҡͷЦЦЩȻͬЩое㲻˼飬ȴһǶѡһ
ǵѡ񣬶Ϊȥ㣬ǵһУ
ȨƸһжԷĶǺܶһ׷Ķʱȴˡ
ֻΪѰǵҸİһҸǶôƽûٻ󣬶һҪҸ
Լأ
ĽǧѰʱԼԼǲֻΪ˰Լĵܵܣǲûģ
ҲԼе㷢Ľ㣬ΪԼĵܵܣԷ񵽣ԷһжҲһˡ
ҲԼô򵥵Ľ֮顭
ǣʲôҪΪʲôԼҪһĵ·
ĽǧѰ΢Ц뾫ŮͷȻ⾫֮ţ⽫ϵţͬʱҲĴš
һ̣ĽǧѰãһʵһҸ֮ţٶЩŮ˵ڿ֮󣬾ͿԵõҪҸ
ΪĽǧѰڿţͿһˡ
㣡
ЩŮҲ㵱һǶԭΪԼҪȥѹܿ㣬ȴûȴſڣͺ֪ǻһ㡣
΢Ц
Ůʱ򣬷ԼԭõЩҪͺɱΪȫˣֻЦЦ
ʱҸҪȥԽҸ֮ţпܻҸ֮ǰͣס˽Ųȥʱ򣬾ͻ֣ᷢԭҸôס

֮ŮǾͳһ˵һĴ˵
˵ǶʹڵĵطҸֵĹһӡ
˵Լھǳ֣Ҳ˵ԼһС忴ǳ֣ǺСϡ
ʲô˵ǿĶһȺҸֵˡ

òиصĴԣԲǸ磬磬˿ʹ˾顭
ԣǴԡ

ιƭӣ㲻˵սһ𣿡ѩܲ˵˵¶ˣ㻹ûʵŵԡ
ʲôڲںս𣿡˵
Ҳǣ
ôǣΪǵĺӶս
ߡ
ʱһŮڣȿȣڶͯݣԼɡ

˵һС塭
С磡һǳŮԲСŮ˵һĻС
С㣿Щɡ
ţôǲǺÿˣѾˡ
С㣬ߴ磬㵽ɣ֣
ߡ
ʱЩ飬Ҫȥֻ֪Ҫ֪ǸʲôôȥԴֻǧ֪ĶֻǺٺٵһ֡

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