==========================================================================================
վС˵Уȫ-Уȫ-У޴TXTС˵أhttp://www.freexiaoshuo.com/
==========================================================================================
ħ
Ʒ飺
һƽĿ꣬һԳƴԽ񾭲ŮһɫȴŮ˵åʦһȴܿ˵ľħħʷǰδҶ
񣬵ȴħ
磬ȴһֱڻ磡
Ҷ˵ֵܣ빲ȴͱһ
˵㰮ңŷ֣һֱң


һ ħ¼Ԫ һ


Ш
2012ĩգبħϱڻ½Ươ
ħսĿʼƯƵ½ؿʼںϽжԵĹұһսƵƵ˵ս
ϾսħҲ޷ɱħħԪɢӡռ崦ÿطһԶѹ
ħӡ񿴵˼ϷһΪм䱻޾֮Ϊ½½ƽϢ˵ս
ħ֮ս֮󣬰ٷϴˣ´¼Ԫ1150꿪ʼ


001 ج
ҹԲ
ڵɽնɽ塣ϵɭеľһʱʱɭ֮дݳ޵ĺУŷɥ׵ƶ谵Ĺ룬ɭӵĿֲ
˿̣ɭһһŮŷƵĿҶӴܣԱ߸һѾģŮбһ޵Ӥӭ洵ţҰ޶˦
˴ʱѾƣ˺ۡӣҰ׵ѾЩҰѪ죬ز̳һѪѪֹܵشӵıȴǷǳ侲侲Ǵɢһ㣬ٴĴˣҲᱣּ侲ŮֻһЩƤ֮ˣŮӱ֣ţķɱš
˵󣬼׿⣬һλ˵İ׷߽׷ᣬһӰɭӹǿɽһѹƬɭ֣һʶ޷ɢ赲ǰһڽ½ԻΪ۳
ǰ·ߵӰڷš
ˣ֪ǰǶϻ£·ߡϾҪ׷ڷͷжºͺߣȥ졣ٴùǿзס˿ڣԱߵŮӾȻ˵
ŮȻһЦ֮ϴʹͲᣬͬôᶪһءοǰѾ·ӣ
ӵɫ԰ޱȣӢ֮ȫǶˮЩ΢źߣһ˿һˣ޷Żȥ
һҲܣǵɣһŭȴǰ˹ʮֽΧ
ӵ֮һ˿âŮӱԱߵѾߺͺӡ
ɱ
ʱɳʯһӿһܣܵĻľƻһɶ
£źӣӵԽԶԽãеһˣѾߴš
ӵĻ䣬ԱߵŮӵгһᣬͻȻµķһףռһ˸ΧĿռһ󲻹𶯣һģ֮һ޴ĺڶǰ
ǰͻȻֵĺڶΧµǼ˶ʱɲסŲϳһ󾪿֣ٺˡ
¿ǰתĺڶҪʱҪһ㡣
ӣС㣬أһУúչСºս֮е¸𣬶һҧһԾ˺ڶ
ڶ·¶˻ţצĳѾڶ˲ûһУһжΪС


һªķڣһƤڵͻȻоѣ͵ڴϣţǴŶ£ΪŹȣȫǺˮ
جˣ
ʱһòٸŽһȳһյߵǰæϵİɫëߣΪŶͷϵĺˮɼٸԶӵİ
ٸòǳᣬƤ𪣬ǵףһָ˵ĸ߹ϢòһµģΧĻ۵·һһȳȡ
ַ绺ЩµĶٸ裬ǸΣһԷ򸾱ܶ׷ɱ㻳бһӤһڶ裬ΪʲôͬΣ
㿴žδַ磬΢ЦӣΣˣ־оϻͬΣʧȥһرҪˣΪ˼μһΡš˼ˣûµġ𴲰ɣȥϴһͺˡ
衭ַüͷţŬĻʲô裬ҵУܸо㻳бŵǸӤңָоǳСҿһµף裬ܸоУһµĶӣǵѾߡ
һ㶣֮һ˿Ϊ˾ľ죬ֻһζѡ֮һЦַߣȫڳȥַļˣˣѧУ֪ͨ͵ˣ㻹кܶҪ
ַ粻ףΪʲôÿԼجΣ趼ӱ˵⣬ַûжʣֻһζѰɡ
԰컹Ҫ£
ַʱ˾񡣡裬ģһῼƴѧŵٴѧ
극ַԳ裬ѧУ϶ҪףᣬҲܻ
òˡ
žõĸ߶ȷչĲϽƶԽԽÿﶼƶ͸ƽײ㣬ЩǶ߸ϣԽ
һƽƽһɫƾɷݣֵ߶ǴŵһС꣬һŵǰ涼żŨױĨĸһŮӣ·
ɴˣ˲ˣƹļֵصݺ󣬿ʼ
ιʱһ绰㿴Ϥʱһš
£ϻɽڷǵ˱ķǳȫڵ㡣绰һǳԵֱ治Ůдһ㣬ǳĺ
𣿡
Ǻأ˱ϴˣεзܹʮˣЩΪܸߡҲ֪δɣܳأеȥˡѾɱԷʮ߸ˣһжҵƿ֮СԷһ㻹ǻɡ
֪ˣҾͻȥ
Щ꣬ίˡ绰֮еЩꡣ
ô˵ЩչˣҺͷûˡ
ˣŵٴѧ֪Ƿ룬ΪʦҲﲻ£Ҫ뿪̫ԭء뿪̫ԭأҾûа취ˡ
֪ˡ
˵绰֮ɫһƬҰס
ַѧУ߳ѽƻ裬һ⳵ƽķʻȥ
ߣԶһڳһɫװˣĿɫ쳣Į
ߵ۾ų⳵ʻȥķ֮Щɵĵʦܣӵˣôһͨˣһ㶼񣡡
ұߵ˵ҲòǣǼǲģʮ˲ɳʮ֣ɱˣǵѶȫޣǧҪСһ
ߣСӵûоѣΪؼѷɣ
ţǾҷ𣡡



002 Ƿְ
裬һ
ַʱɫһžͳȥס˳㣬˷ܲѵĴУ裬ҿŵٴѧˣ绰ģ뵱һϲ裬ǲΪҵһ찡
ӷĵĿĺҸУıŶӣӣϹſɬЦһʹ
㿴㣬ǳζȥ׼ˣһ߳Աġ
ϣ裬ŶַȲĳԡңĺŸһͰͰˮϣԡľ֮УԿϴССʮ̡Щַ̣ƶЩƦåŹ֮ġ
ַĽ
ϴ󣬶ʱûһַ̹紩һͷƮƮŰֲ˳ۣˬ
ſԣǻȥ˻ţԣȾƣ
ĻϲкŶӣַ粢ûзֳ֮һĨˡ
㷹ַ֮ã˵Žϯϵ¡
裬ٸһϢѧУУѾӦŮˣ
֪裬׷ˣڴӦˣ
ַ˵˵ţᡣ
һ˳һԱߵӣЩȥƵĶӣѡƵʱ̸࣬õʱ
Щɳƣ֪ŵٴѧıڸĺӵģƶûĸСѧϰɼһֱôãǣõʲôеĽеҫЩ߸ϵ޷ʼնЩĺӵģӣʲôûеõ
㲻˵ܲ˵
ٺ٣裬֪Ծŵһ죬СѼɰģҹҲӵģǽܻᷢġأԾˣ裬㵣ʲôأ
Ŷ㻹ûԾžͱץɱˣСѼɰ챻ˣ˻ʵۺͻԺһ㶼ɳĮ¡
ַ֪ĸĪӣ㲻֪ʲôĻ϶ʱ˵˵ĻַʱһͻȻ˺ܶ࣬裬㵽˵ʲô
ʱһǳַ缱æͳ˶ɽկˮֻ˽
ιʦáַǳͣ崺磬ΪУ𾴵ʦ
ַ磬мҪ㡣ϣ֮Ҫڼ
ʦ˵ַоһ˿ĲԾЩС
ַ簡ܿŵٴѧΪʦĽҲѧУĽǣı˵⣬Уѧȫڸĺǣƶûġԣŵٴѧѧѣ˳е㲻̫ģУԸԪ㣬ķãһ취ʾġ
˵ʲôַûȥֻѾֶ˵ϣ˲ԾĴ˺˵ϡ
æվſҪַ磬ַĺ󱳣˳Ϣ
ܵģܵġַɫɷףǶţ۵ľͲš
ӣԲ𡭡
ַͻȻ쳣ƽɫ԰׵һֽ֮⣬κ쳣
裬ȳȥһ£һ˾ַıǳƽƷǳ侲Ǵ˿̵ȫŭ𣬾һҪĻɽһ
㿴Ź򶨵ַ磬һʹǻתȥ֪Ҫ侲Ҫһ˵硣Լȥ
ַ˵绰ͨһϤĺ롣
Ρ
ôˣ鲻ô绰ﴫһö͵Ů
һ£ϵط
˵ַ͹˵绰
ҹĻ٣ȵǶֻһѵĳַٵĴֵֵĿ̷Ƕַкַ΢Цŵͷʾ⡣
ֵַһ档
ƿţһò崿Ůɫǰ˫һŵַŮַ΢΢һЦ
磬ˡȾˣʲôˣ
ַҪһȣͺһڣһ߸Ρ
֮ɫ쳣ѿüͷһ𣬲ŵĿַ磬ΪַıԼⲻڿЦ
βַ˵ģͨУĵ绰
ȷϢ֮һһӱĲ԰ޱȣĿַ磬ͳĵ磬ǰʶллҵչˡ
ôˣμΣչӦõġַ翴Σ֮пޱȵʧ;
οַãַ磬֪ô֪ϲңǰǰ쵰֮Ҿ͸оϲҡʵҲϲ㣬һֱϲ㡣
ƶӢۣΪ㣬Ƭûһåңûһ˸£ƶ꣬Ƕҵ𾴣˰
ѧУɼÿ궼ȫ꼶һÿѧѧϰİÿʦеŮеˡ
ƶȻƶЩŮеż񡣡
ܺãʲôãʲôɫ
ǣַ磬֪ôŵٴѧЩƶĺΨһĳ·
ҪƶֻпѧֻдˣĽ븻
磬ǣʧˣҵˡ
ϲ㣬㣬ǰһһ𡭡ζ˶٣쳣ʹ࣬ɬĵǰһһСŮŮһϣһ˧ǿѣҺŮһĳ㣬ֻһ𡣡
һֱҺܺãչ˵΢лл㣬ַ磬лл㡭
ǣģҳˣ˺ܶ顣
粢ô򵥣ҷҪĲܴҵġ
һֱһ룬һ뿪ƶϸ˵ҵ룬ûа취ȥʵ֡ԣһֱҵϡ
ûʧ죬ҵ֪㿼ŵٴѧʱҷǳʼҳôĵһ졣
һֱûĽ㣬ǵ㿼ŵٴѧʽŮѣҿ԰һж㡣
ԣҴӦŮѣŮѡܾЩ׷ҵˣЩĹӸǡ
ֻһһŵŵٴѧӣǹŸԶƶ
ַ֪磬һֱҵľ֧һֱһĵ
Ϊ㣬Ҿܾô฻Ӹǵ׷ֻΪ˺һΪǵΣ
ҲƶҲ뱻Щ˳ӣҲŵһȵ
ҰϺӣҵĸзݺõĹҾҪô򵥣
磬ϣҿϣǡϣˡ
֪ڲӦø˵ЩҲܲ˵Ҳƭ㡭
ַһֱĬĬţһʼľȣķŭһֱľ
ַ磬Ƿְɡ
һ˵ô࣬תͷȥҲҿַ۾
֣Ҫҷַ֣ǿѹסеŭһֱ˵꣬˵ˣַڿƲסԼ
Ϊʲôַ˹ȥʹץסε˫磬˫ðŭ𣬶ε۾ַĺʹʹ
Ūˡ뽫ַƿһŮôƿһǿ׳ˣһŭ֮еˡ
ΪʲôѵΪҵĳôΪҲŵٴѧ㲻ˣһĵŮӣ
ƶ񣬵ɿҸûǮûݣһֻҪȥŬͿԴƴ
ңΣҸǽ븻
ɿҧŵ촽ứֱԲַ磬ײˣһͨѧ֮ǲܽ븻ģҲôһӻججһӵˣ
ΪʲôңַţѾŤ˫۳˺ɫѪ˿
Ҳ㣬㣬磬ԶǮ˵ã˵ĵ
ҴӦ㣬һҸģҪһУҶġַھźţǳ˽ΣֻҪξ飬ǲıġ
˫룬ứĵ֪ҲҪȵʲôʱꣿʮꣿǶʮꣿһҲ⣬Ϊ𣿣
Ұְֻһ˷вְ׬ǮβˣҵѧѶҵĸ׬ģЩѵ㿴ж𣿣
ϲ㣬ǰ㣬ҲĻЩҾܾ˶˵׷ЩĹӸǣΧתҸϳ⡣ΪһΣһϣǣҵθˣҵıûˡ
ҸܸʲôҵҪܼ򵥣ҪĲ㿵ҪҰֺҸһõĹͿԣҵҸ𣿡
ַ磬Լ𣿣
ַһסˣ֮з·𱬷ʮ𣬽һжΪС˫ɿεļĿմҸҸ𣿡
ַľѾڱԵڲ֪˳ӻ£еʹ絶һ㡣
ַ磬ллչˣǻǷְɣԺԼ㣬һҵԼİ顣
ҰɡĨᣬͷҲصĳ˰ᡭ
ȥıӰַ粢ûȥ׷˽Σľǲıġ
ַһ˵ϣı
Ϊʲô
ַڱڵϣҡ
ûпޣΪѾ޲
ַĵһǿŵٴѧڶ׷ѧУУ
һʱַʵԼĵһ͵ڶ룬бҸ
ͬһʱַĵһˣţڶҲˣбҵ
ʲôǴƶ˵ֹĸо˿̵ַһֱߵ״̬
ʲôַּոʵֵһ
ԼĳԼƶڸԼͲ
ûˣԼŮҲ뿪Լ
ַ粢ûйΣϾ˵Ķʵһʵ
ΪʲôûУ
ַһ̣һθоǮǶٵҪҲɵΪһûǮûҵûͻǸŮһ


003 
ӣôôؼңǳĵַ磬һЩŹָµĸо
ַĵû£裬˯ɣһٻȥɡ
ַĻ󣬳ӵģһ£ѾȥĹм»ϼˣסĵطѾˣеĶҶˡһܲģںæֲȥ㡣ҪסﶼԣǧҪȥסĵطмǣǵһصϼҡ
֪ˣ衣
ţҪǣȥﶼҪݣ
˵֪ˣַЩͷˡ
ƽʱַ϶ҪǴʱַ磬ȫʹҲûдסĵطֻҸطȥйһ¡
ַȾơ
ַ˵绰һڽֵ
ûʱƵڱܲ˴ꡣ
ַ󲽵УɶλԼϣԼһЩ
ַת˽ֽǵһС͹ݣ͹ݵϰַǳ飬һʱΪַṩϺõľƲˡ
Ǹļڣϸ˼Сʱҹʱ֣ͣĿǳˬʪ
ַڵĴϣҹһ㣬ƫƧСֵˣֻ䰵¹΢ıַ硣
ַһڽͷǸС͹Ѿ˴ҹѾҹʱ֣С͹ݵϰί˵Ҫصַ꣬ƻ
ַͷۻǰȥ
ʱֵʮˣֳָֹܣڣַΧס
ⲻǷôҪȥﰡ
˵һ췢ӣʮ꣬һƦåϴ󡪡â
âȷһåһɫħϷٳƶŮַѵΣһﹷĲ˳ʺŽŷ
δϴαַȣûз񿴵ַ䵥ֵܹ
ַһŭûطЩһνײǹڡ
ַЦâϴαӴȻôĻӳȫ㣡
âɱ䣬ݺݵĵܹʮĴΣ㱻ҴΣ죬Ҫʮ˴εĳһθ壡·ҲҪ㣡
ַ統ʲãˣǶͻˣҵҪ˭˭
ֵǣ˫˫֣ϣ
âһ£ʮͬʱַ˹
̫ˣһȭܴһͷǣ
ǰŭȥģš
˵Ļ䣬ͳ嵽ַĸǰַֹͷȥ
ַ粢ûж㣬̧첲͵סҹĸֹܣȻֱһкڻģֱӷ˳ȥѹ
ʱ˵ĸֹͬʱַĺ󱳣ַ籾ģַ粻ʹĸоܵеʹɡ
ĸַֹܴ󱳣ַֻ΢΢ǰһ£Ȼ͵תһȺɨ˵ӹ˼ͬʱҽһز
ַߵԲѵĸԱߣĸ˵ĴȺݺݵĽš
ҵȣҵȡ
һʱ䣬ҽ𡣶ַüͷûһ¡
ʮʱ䣬Ѿſˣʣʮһڳַ͵̧ͷĿһͷһ塣
ʮһ˿ַĳаĿ⣬̲סһֹס˽Ų
â״ֵǣ˭һȣҸ򣡡
һֶǣǻǲǰ
âˣ򲻹ô򣡡
ǮʹĥڽǮջ֮£ʮһַ˹
ַһȭɣһŽǸ߷ɣϷŵĿзһԱȿз˾ʣ
Ӻ󣬳â⣬е˶һȣ
ռҽַ粢ᡣ
Ķ˳˯еľЩ񿴵ȺåϣԿġ
һСŮſַָ̨磬ĵ裬ǲǵַ𣿺ҳҪ
ȥҳǲúӿôѪȵĳġ
ַһıââܵûˡ
ַħһЦţâѡ񣬷ĸ첲ȣ
ִүҰɣ´Ĳˡ
죡ÿζ˵´βˣĲ˳ʺٶ˵һϻɱ㣡˵첲ȣ
âȫ亹п־嵽˼㣬û뵽ַǰһֱǱʵû뵽ַôĺ
âʮɳƵĵ첲
ش̫ˣô򵥵⣬㻹Ҫǣԣ˷ӵʱ䣬Ҿ֫


ַЩ֮žȫһʹղŲ֪˶ٸֹܣϻ崦ССˡ
ĵʹɽ鱩һ㾾ʹַѪӿһѪ˳ƺ࣬ؿڻʹ
ַоͷˣ¶ᣬƮƮݵķȥ
˿ַ̣ʶЩģȫ˳ǧģַسݣ
ԶԶģַ翴ݵķһƬ⣬ַд󾪣еһʱžˡԵȵ̫ˣƾѾʼˡ
ʱֽǴڳ˵סַȥ·
ߵĺ䶢ַ翴˺ܾãЦǴ˵еߣ˴ǿЦ
ұߵҲЦҿǺȾƺˣͷˣ
ĻǲǸˣӵˣ
ǰԹӵˣһǿߣǰˣһˣѵŪˣ
վǰ棬һֱû˵ĺ˵λʦܣϻɴɱһҲɷŹһ
֣


004 
ϲģõ𣿻ɡ
ַֻǰһһӰ־ٳԼ
ַоǰĺӰһԼƮԼ۾ǰתΣһΣ
ʧϴֺսַľѱ˿̾˵Ҳ޹ؽҪ
һɫĹâݺݵַͷϣַֻشУһһɹɰɫַ֫ٺӿ˳
һַ̣ȫͻȻһɳĽɫâΧĿռ˲˽ɫ
ֱӱһʵʵĽɫɣʮסΣǹһ˿Ѫ
˾ֵŭǲ˵ûо赽ô£
Ϊ׵ĺ˿ĽɫȫǾ֣⡭ѣ
ԱһЩµĵҪ֮ضȫ֮ſԾѣѵովѡ
ϻˣܣ
һҹգɫһɫצֱӴ֮дҽеĻᶼûУ˲ҷξ
ΣһΡַɵɵЦһ¡
ַͲ֪Ϊ̫ܵƣ골֮ض÷ӡڵѣַܵдɾһݴԵ
ͻȻһǿҵֱϮַĵףַҪȥ˲䣬ǰһϤס
ַ羫һ㱣ʦ֣һΡ
췽ſ˸˹Ƿֳ˻Եַ֮⣬ʲôûС
еַڸڽֵһ⳵˾͵ɽ£·ѡ
첻˾˵ʹ򿪳ţַںȻ˳š
˾Ķ죬ôˣ
ŶȾƺȶˣˣţ
˾ַԲѵַ磬㲻ȥ
ûµģɽ£Լȥġ
˾ߣַסĳݸִ
ʮӺ˾ַ絽ɽ£ôвַ磬ǽַ綪һݵȥ
ͻȻһըַ羪ѡ
ַڵϣͷγģͷؽᡣ˿ĴԷǳѣӶ¡
ôŶǾ˲֪ߵɡ
ɽϰϰַɽСϣ·ϵǺܸÿһȥͻҳɽﲢδꡣѾҹˣַҪЩϻؼ
ͻȻ֮䣬ʵҹܲɫ¹һ˲ȫӰҹһӺڵֲָǰһ֮ڵĵ·
ô£
ַͣ˽ŲڵĿռ䲻ǰһַ̧ͷ죬ȴʲôҲֻоΧ¶һӽ˼֣Щ䡣
¡¡
Ͽʼ磬һɫĵݺύܼһըַĶ
һϯɽ˻УĴɢ
ֹһƬڣϷӿ׵罻ӣĩһ㡣ַһɽС·ɵнСɽ䳤󣬶һЩѾϰߣǽַǵһμ
һǺһռҹһεľһַ棬һ㡣һÿκַĵף¶ãʹ࣬ϱЩַ־ѡ
ѵ춼Ҫ۸ô
֮У׵ĺһӶûͣЪǵصĺͻȻһطַۣڵϷγһ޴УһĪǿϵĺ磬ɭֵϷۼ
ڼٵתţԽԽ죬Ƭʱ䣬һ޴ĺɫڳеģţһɫĹâӶⲻǵ⣬ȵף̺ǿǵ޷ģһֽεĹâʵʻĹââһ˲أƺ˲ͣһƬɷס
ʱ·ֹͣռ·ѣƺһ˲仯ΪУֻʣһƬɫ·һһͰֺֻת˲ĶݡصĹâųβǰַڵλ׹ȥ
˫ĿյַͻȻоԼͷʲôһ£Ȼ֮͵Ĵʹһ¡
ٺ١ħѪһħڳˡַͻȻһĪĹЦ
ѵˣ
ַоԼʱǳѡ

ַһУ
ַоԼʲôһ£ǷǳʵĸоֶӵĻ£ʲôһ£еĿ־֪
ַ粻Ծȥ
һ֮£ַ翴һѪڵϣѪ߰ߵ˫Լץǰ˾ʬƬĽʬһ
ַ㱻ιȥԵȥȫȻһʬûԼڵһ
ʱ˼ӣֺ񼸸ôַĶǸˣĿⲻƶһ¡ַ翴˱·ĳһŮˣ
ģַƽŮƶȥ
ַֽŵ齫Ů˷һѪŮ沿ϡɼ
һ˲ɢϵҲʧһЩλһ㡣ָ߸ߵĹգ͵¹ɽһƬװǰһдûз
磬ΪҲˡŮһַĻ˫§סַĲӣڷǳŬ֧Լҡҡ׹壬Լ¡


005 ϵ
ַһ½ŮƵһߣæվ˺󼸲һ顣
磬˺صˣǱݺˡŮַ㱣ƺܵ˾£磬ôˣ
Ůû˵꣬һ˹ȥ
ַ֮Ŵ֮ѹſ־齥ƽһɴ̱ǵѪζַһŻ
ַ˽֮£ַſŮĸһѪӶ˳ȻѾûѪҺ˿ֲ˿ڣƽˣ㲻ҲʹȥģŮǰȴûһ㡣
ι裬м£ϲȥˡȳ˵ַ͹˵绰ŮôصˣԺڸͰɡ
ַ署绰סŮ˿ڣСĽŮڼϣһɽ³ȥҺǰҹ쿸һŮɽɱǿ϶ġ
Ͽһˣַ˵ûʲôСɽﳤСʱ͸岮ԡһͷǣַҲֿܳȭҳַ綼ǷǳĽ׳ֵַǣһһֱܵɽûϢԼȻһûԼʲôʱôˣ
Ȼϣ㳵ҽͻʿŮ֮󣬶Գ档
ҽôˣûΣգַЩżʵԼûǮŮˣŮһʱԼ϶Ѳ˹ϵַ绹׵ġǼ£ַġ
ҽüͷ壺û£ġ
ԱߵСʿʱҽŮôصˣҿθʹѾ͸ˣλǻȫѪʧѪ࣬ҲѪѹʶ⵽ô°ƽˣˣ
Сʿ˵ʵǿôصˣͺȲȥˣŮûƻ΢΢ĺתСʿ˼⡣
ҽͻȻɫһСʿ²ҪκˣҪȻͲҪҽԺˡ
ҽЦߣ䵽ٺ١
Сʿ֪Լ˵ˣһŷཱུˢһ°ˣտڲ
سҽԺ֮Ů͵֢໤ңǼ֢ҡȻҽĿⰲţҽȫȨ
ڰźŮ֮ҽߵԼİ칫ңͳֻ
ιһ֣ˣȱһλҩ
绰ﴫһǳдԵŮţĲǧСģҪ֡
£ġ

ڶϣŮˡԼһǳİĻߵһﶼ֪ȴǳ侲ûһ˿š
´ŸѾ˿ڣоѾָЩֻҪ¡
ˣڲ´ڴϣǣ˿ںܲõġʿͷ￴Ů֮˼໤ҡ
ʲôط
ҽԺˣһкġ˾ϵۣʿЦݣǳĵĻش
ҽԺʣŮ벻
ʥΧүأ
ʿһ㶣Ů˵ʲôˣҽԸԹ¼ģԵƬ̡
֢໤֮ϣڴַ类ʿļٽŲѣˣ
ַսȥַ翴Ůĵһʱַˡݼһͷĳϸϸüһ˫ĿԣǣվӨ񣬹ѩѩɫȻЩףǴһֳ˵Ĺ
ŮŮǸСʢxŮҮޣŮôܺxŮȣַһȣѪĳ嶯ǿŮǰѪǾͳˣ
ַɫԵĿһֱԼ¿ͣ˸߸¡زϡ
Ůһ㶼ַ磬ӴϷ£ЩϷʵĿַ磬磬ݼ𣿡

ݼɰ𣿡
ɰ
ݼźòã
á
Ůջ£ַıѪֱɡ
ߣݼһһַ˹ȥַֻԼͷһˮϻʹ
ŮҲһ㶣û뵽ַûж㡣
ٿ۾ݼַָ˫Ŀȥ
ַ˷һץסŮ֣§סŮͻȻ㴫ַıڣ˳ַԴŮĲϴȥۣ㰡
㣬ղŵľ㣡ô䵽ַ죬ڿ˰
쵰ôᱡŮķˣһ½ַƵ׿⡣
ַ˼ס˽Ųҿôôַûࡣ
ˣ˵ʲôַһϤ֣Σ


006 Խߣ񾭲
磡ݼŭȵ㵽ˣʲôϷ
ð㲻öôװɣҿҿ˼ʮɽ·Ű͵ҽԺһллҲ˵Ҳöôװɣ˵ˣÿĵط϶ˡ
㡭޳ܣݼɫͨ죬߳ŭܿƽЦеģǳĵ㲻ʶǰɣ
ַͷ
㲻֪ҵǰɣ
ַͷ
ôȥɣݼҪַ磬ǸһʹɫЩѿ˴ߡ
ַһɫԵĿݼòͣɫʧȥһѵľңһõô
úݼĳһ仰磬ǲʧˣ
ʧ䣿ʧ䣿ҿ߻ħɣ
ǲǵãϣ˰ȻǾ˿ռѷ졣
ַݼ˺þãݼԽ˵ԽףַԽԽͿ
ѵ˵ĲǶʥˣǴСһ𳤴ģҺлԼѵЩ㶼𣿡
лԼǲ߹ʺˣ
һŮͺãһ񾭲Ǿˡ
ַһһ㶵ģεĵС㣬Ҷ˵ˣϴˣҲҪҵˣҽַ硣
ݼַļһĵ֪ʧȥʹ࣬ģҪ̫ġ
ַаѽʧȥˣǸ񾭲
ʱҽæѯʲ¼ݼ˵һͨ˶ĻҽҲһͷ
ַ磬һ¡ҽַеϡ
ַ翴ҽ϶ûɶ£æЦţǸҽʲô¾˵ǧǮǮ˸顣
˭и飡ʵݼ˵ô£
ַ֧֧ĵ˵Ǵϵ𣿡
š
ַȻ㶼ţ
šҽ̬ͽһϡ
ַ·ҵ֪һץסҽ֣ĭĽٷɿĵʱڰ·ϣϷɫ䣬꽻ӣԣзû꣬ȻһƬڣֲָĩһ
ַ罫ʱ򵥵Ľҽ֮ȻһƽҽŲ
š
㻹ţַЩĵžͺáţҾͿ˵ŮһɽȻǵľȻҽԺˡ˵ˣ𣿡
šҽһֱڷǳƽַڽÿλشĶǳĿ϶
ַȻ㶼ţ
Ǹ񾭲Ȼҽߺ޵ĵòǮƣ
ַҽıӰŭ˵ӽô࣬˷ô࣬㾹Ȼţˣңߣвʶ㰮Ʋƣ£
ַ꣬תͷԼˣ˭Ǯ˭ȥݼɣַɲԼκε鷳
ַӱֽϣһЩŮԽ翴ˣһɱ¥ˮϵȵȣԼԽ߹Ŵ˵·ģ¹Ŵ˵ȫһ֮в԰ΣΪԼǴӹŴԽġǰλ϶ںߣַʱݼĿͬͿ
ַ߳ҽԺȻһܵ·ߣ˳ֵһ⳵æϳ֮ȲĶ˾ɽ򡣿һ㡣
˾ַޱżӵСֵܣм°
ǰʮ𼱣鷳㡣ԽԽá
ַԶȥԼţһ૵ĵǷˣǸ񾭲
˵ʲôأԱߵ˾Ϊַء
ûʲôʦҲ˵㡣
ݼӰһһӰҽԺſڣ۾ңңĿʧ֮еĳ⳵
ݼȥҽԺſڵʡ϶ò˴Ųŷܡ
һƵģȥҲ·ܴŲ˵·ȥģҽԺĹ涨½⡣ǱҲơ
ݼһ۱δ˵Ȼֱӳ˳ȥ׷ֻݼת˻˫͵ץ˱ͷһ֮£ȥͱݼץ˸š
ݼְڱİٻѨ֮ϣһصٵ˱ĴԣⱣֻо֮һѣΣԼļĵӰһԼٵЩȫݼĴԡ
ݼġԶȡԷļ䣬ȻҲֻܶЩͨ˻Ϊ;Լĵ͵ʹãʹõĻ⵽ɣʱûȡԷļ䣬Լᾫ
ܿ죬ݼջ֣·һ˹ȥ
оЩĪֻǴһ£ݼķ׷ȥֻ׷˼ַأȻ󱣰ͨһ绰ιҽָʾˡ
ãĺܺáһ칫ڣҽ˵绰յЦţһ˫С۾Ѿû˷졣
֮ҽͨһϤĵ绰һѾ׵ҺըѾȫֲڣҩҲעѪҺ֮ڡ


007 ɱ
ɽسмʮԶ⳵ͣɽµʱѾ硣
λС㣬ҪȥҸպһ̣һ㡣˾Ҫȥ˲ԶһŮǴк
ַ翴߹֮ʱɫˢһ°ˡݼʲôʱģ
Ӷѡ
ôģߵʱ㲻ҽԺ𣿡ַЩ顣
ݼޱ飬ҿ⳵ǣҾ׷˹
֪ʲôǴԽģУ㲻ҪҺòãϽԼҺòã
ݼʧĿַ磬˫룬ѵҪݼ֮ʲôǲѵչһ¶ѵ˵һ㶼𣿡
ݼǳɢһֿ̹ĵʹ
ַ磬㿴ңݼĿĿַ磬ҪôչңҪôɱң
ַȫ亹ֱݼʲôľٶݼҡˣڴӦ㣬һúչġ
ݼͻȻɫһģһЦ磬ʲôûУ
ҿַ˲ң
ݼЦĵ֪ʧѽʲô㣬Ϊָ䡣
ַ㴷أ棬ΪʲôҪһ񾭲˵Ļأ
Աߵ˾һͷˮŭһ񾭲ˡ
鷳ô찡ô˦ַоź

ԶĽһ긾Ůļ
ˣ˱ɱˣ
ַһ㶣Сϣ紾ӣԼôû˵ˡĿ˳źȥ谵·֮£ͣһ⳵
ɱġݼĵǸһ΢£һжûйϵƵġ
ʲôַһɱģ
ǵġݼתͷ磬ϲûǮ˾Ҷֶţ޳֮ͽɱ
ַһ龪ȻƲ͵ʲôЦôصˣ㻹ɱˣҿһֻɱɣңǺǡ
ݼһɫĵݼ˵ûһǧҲа˰٣Դֶλ߲𾴵λߣֻɱǸҽΪˣô໰ˣ
ַһݼĶͷҡͷ̾Ĳᰡ
ҵôôడ񰡣ȾҰɡ
ҹ¹ɽһɫɴɽϵҹɽϼ֣紵ַЩ⡣
һǳСɽͷţͷ壬ֻʮ˼ңǳƶ
ڣһĹ˺ܶˡ
˯֮УУơĽŲʵ𣿡
裬ҡ
쵰赣ˣΪʲô£ϴ绰ҹҵ绰Ұҹȥɽ㣡һŭһòٸһȳһյĳַǰһŭĿַ硣
裬ԲҺ㵣ˡϵ£ĽͲǲҪ͵ĺá
˭Ӻһ۾ͿߵһŲŷƯŮԼŭĿӡ
оݼһϤϢĵһɱܿѹȥ
ݼĿĶų㣬һɹɵĺɢҲ漴ȥ
ַԣæ˫סݼ죬˵ʲôȻӲӵĶԳЦ裬һͬѧݼ趼ݻġ
ַ֣̿вĸ
ݼԣĶԳĸá
ûжʲôЦеĵˣôˣȥ¡Ҳô·˰ɣϢɡķ͸˯ɣ輷һϰɡ
ǰŽȥַ罫ݼһߣٷɿС裬Ҫ̫һأԺҾͲˣ
裿ݼųıӰо˸
ʲôء
Ŷˣ衣
סˣһҪõ㣡Ҫǰ˵ʲôʲôԽģסûַ粻ݼ߶һ
ݼַ˯ķӣȻƾɵĹﱧµı죬ƤôãˮģһǸ˼ҵĺӣַ˯Ĵ㿴ŪĸʲôһһŮӼҰɾҶ㻻µġ
˵һֱעݼݼҲעų㡣
һεɱɢš
ˣûˣ㵽ʲôˣӴַк⣡ͻȻתһ޿ɵֵɱݼ
˿̵ĳЩһ񸾣һ֣
ݼĿޱȵľ֣ɱ֮²ԾĺַͬѧҰݻġ
ͬѧߣƭң溮˪һѵһ㣬ַͬѧһûе˵㵽ʲôˣ˵ɱ㣡
˿̵ݼֻ˵ʵˣħô½ʥŹʲôˣ
ʥŹһ㶣ȫǾ֮ɫзļ䣬ʥֻͰ˹ûоŹֲЩϤϢԭʥˡѾ뿪ʥˣû뵽ʥֶ˸ŮǺǡô˵㲻Ƶˣ
㳷ȥϵɱݼĻƵˣַˣһ
ݼھǰѾˣĶƵλáң㵽ʥʲôˣ
ˣж񱨣ˡ
ݼȣĳ죿


008 ҵŮ
ûѾʮ꣬ĳϷ򸾿ɺã
ĳϵķ˴ʮǰˡĳΪ˵Ѿˡô
ôﲢҪߣô
ݼԼ¸˳㡣
㲢ûлɣЩһֱԸңȻүҲŹңǲһֱ׷ɱүַ磿
Ҳֻ֪֪ÿ궼ɳһ֣˵ȥѰӵˡ
㣬㲻ǵĵˡô֮ԷĻһɱ㣡УҪ߷ҵݣҪ߷һߣѾزȥˣͰֵĴ
˵꣬תȥʣݼɵɵķүү⵽ô£
ܿ죬ʱȥˣַһֱݼַ뾡취˦ݼݼ˯ʱ䶼ַ磬ַô˦˦ַĺúڽݼԼļңѵΪ˦Ҫ𣿣
ַúݼͨǳѣѾͷʱʱȣȫĥ͸ԸһԼǳãǷʱȷ黹졣
ô񰡣
ϸ𴲣ַһˣ
૵ĵݼǧҰҲ㰡㻹ǳؼҰɣҵĸˣǮβ㲡ˣң˰ɡ
ַŵ绰룬£Լ԰Ůˡǵ绰հְʱֻһѶ˹ȥ
ݼ
ݼֱӽ绰һ뱨ץַ磡̫ɺˣҸ㣬һɱһ
һû·أô˽֪֪߳ܣַ˯ʱи˯ϰߣղŴ绰ʱñӱһߣݼʱַҲ޲
ݼνĿַ磬û·ˣҼˣ
ֱַӾĴָзǳĤݣ̾ţֱӽӶһߣֱȫ´յЦ㿴㿴
ݼޱĿַ磬޳ܣȻһƹȥַɡ
סԺɻµ鲻Ҫ˵ҹȻ𣬵ǷԲڵκζҶ֪
ݼȥַ֮ոȥݣ˳𲻱ĲΪˣ
ַ绹ǱˣһСʱַ֮Ժ
ַ缱æӭ˳ȥк١ٷǳᣬͶڶʮңĮĿַ硣
λͬ־ȥȱˮַǳ飬һһݼᱻץߣĵ׷ǳ˷ܡ
һʵ㱨ģ
ǣұľ
ɷأ
ַҪݼݼѾվſڣַݼѪһĴֲ·һķ飬̫ϲĵƬеŮһ㡣
λֱ˵Ŀȵݼɨȥ
ǲǺܺÿݼĿĿλ١
ǰС㳤Ĺɫ㡭λٻû˵꣬Ѿ˳ȥѪ֪
˭Ҳû뵽ᷢһĻַ糤ͲŵĿһС
Աߵľٵĺܿ컺ͳǹδ۶ѾӲһ
ݼץھٵǣһζεļ䱻ݼȡ
ˣǹɡֻһ棬Ըңʱӭݼǳı䣬Ųı
㡭ɱҵͬ顭㡭⾯پǹҪֻһֱܷܷץǹһ
ûɱݼ˵ţһƽλֱӳɣ
λŵĻ겻壬ֱӱԲѵһλ٣ֻʶӡ
ַ翴һĻֱԵڵأιȥһ˲䣬ףݼһԽߣ˵һжġ
ַ֮󣬿ݼĿЩԼôôɵһֵָ񾭲
ַһֱݼ
Ȼ˵ڹʧҲԭ򣬵ʣض°빦
ַЩĵֻҪ书ҵһͰеĵƦåȫˣ
ݼüͷַĻ֮ԱǣΪߣְҵɱˣĥһ򶥷壡Ǵܣ𣿡
ףȻסַףһ㶼ס
ãھͽ㡭
ݼ˰СʱڱʼǱдһŹŹĹѾϸע⣬ҵľĵãȥɡʲôĵطʱҡ
ݼ뿪֮ڴ͵͵Ŀŷǳַ磬һɬɫһ԰ףæóһ־һѪ˳
磬ҿ»ˡ


009 
ַ罫ҪһСʱȻ󷭿˵һ㹦ݡ
ֻγȸ֯ӦȻĻ֯ɾ޴𺦣һŵĻǾǡ
ַϥ죬Ĭŵһķ
֮һɫâɢųȵ¶ȣԵﻺַһϲתķܿͽҵľ硣
Źת֮ڵĽɫâԽԽʢܿһɫ̫һɢɵĹâԼȵ¶ȣַо֮ԽԽȣһһȼա
Ұдķʽùâһѧλ˴ԣڴԲλͣһϴ쾫ȵ˳䣬׵ѨԫѨڴͬʱȵĹâַÿһġΡƢΡ˻Ѩص˵
ַоȫÿλһ΢΢ĴʹУַףִʹУĸ졣ŹתַоԽԽ棬Զ֪ƣ룡
ʮʱ䣬һѾ˳ɡַоˬоΧޱȵ˿̣ݼַٶȣԻ𾪵ιȥ
һߣǴʱͿʼӴŹҲѵģЩʼѵǣڿʼʱ򣬵һתҪһʱһ죬ҪĿƴﵽһǳĸߵĳ̶ȣЩȻ˳Ļع鵤ֻҪһ֮׶ˣԺһһ£ֻҪϵڷܣŬͿȥǴʱַ磬ʮӾһ죡һʱоûκε谭ȫǳͨ裬ˮɣ
ѾˣӦá
֮еʼֻһ⣬һѾһ˸ҫ۵ĹâĴַĵ֮ڡַͷʼ˵ڶ졭
һСʱַ֮˳ת˾Ÿ죬һϣѾ˵֮ڸ޷ɶһôַһǳҪ飬Ǿǡͻƣ
ַתŹ֮ڵȫ˳ȫѨλΪѪϸϯȥһЩתЩдţҪͻƵһ㣬תһȫϴÿλȻع鵤
ȻͻЩַ绹ǰչ˵ģͰ࣬꣬СڣСʱַͻƣ˵һ㡣
ŵ֮ڣһоתֱһȦȦ֮ϵĹâȻûпʼʱô˸ġǣâһʵظУǵһеᣬѹں϶ɣ
ͻַ֮оһǿƴȻһ˲䣬Ϊ֮ͷĵҡڲļҾߺܵĳĳһбȥϵƷһأһ㡣
ǿַ룬ҪЩ쵰åһٸڵԼ£һǴƨ
ַͻȻоߵ˵ƵİڶȣбȣһɹݰַԺϵĲˤƬĿС״ÿһĳַԺǽǽһʭӴССĳõ
ַһоƿصĸоţַһֻعڡַͻȻоһĵ׶
ˣһ󼱴ٵַĶڡ
ݼ֮󣬵ڴϵַ֮ʱæĵĳȥסš
һ㣿ݼһȥԼжϣټ飬κͬжϣ֮ڳƭκˣ
ͻˣ
ǰͻˡַǳĿġȻ֪˺ûþʱͻơ
ݼ𾪵ĳͣܿӼ֮˹һ˿ʼŹһͻƵģûаʱ䣬徭о޷ߣû뵽̶̵ļСʱʱ䣬ͻ˵һ㣬ǰΪйء
ַԣϰҵˣôʹɣ
ַЩĵǿ϶ˣҿ϶ʧġôڶ㹦أҰɡ
̶̵һ֮ڣַͻĲ㣬Ĳַ֮ô޷ͻƵ㡣ݼĻ˵ȱĥ
Ϧ£ɽ޵Ľһš
һï֮ܵڣһʮ˼ٵıţÿһ·̣ͣĿ⻷ܣѰʲôʮ֮ܵһС·˳С·һֱߡܿ죬ߵһ֮£Ȼ۾һӿŲǰȥ
ϼƬҶڱӱţȻԱߵӲݶѰƬ̣ǳ϶ĵѪѪҺоԪֵѪһ

죬ʱַ֣ݼɽһСϪ׽зһСʱˣݼѾ׽˰ַֻȴֻ׽ʮ
ڸʱַ˵׽зڣַ޲ԼҸطȥΪʲôԼÿεɪʱ򣬾¶ˡ
ݼô׽ô죬ôࡣҴС׽зģһξ׽ʮֻŲһʱ׽ôࡣ֪зʲôطƵġ
ַĵ̡
ݼЦ磬ˮƽģĽҲһģһˮضᾪˮеззˮ߶ôӰˮĽ࣬ô϶жڣзˡ
ܺãǳĺãС֡ʱһͻأ˹һ˳СϪ档
ַˣһװ죬ͷںڷ沿ŵ΢ЦһֺܺƵĸо
ݼ˵һֱǵڶѾһСʱˣһΪ㲻ء


010 
ȻȻЦСù⣬֪СǺźɣ
ݼװзĴӽַ磬ϴһ֣˵ûбҪɡ
˺ٺһЦϵļⲻȻĳ鶯ţȻСΪһߣҲ֪ɽһŵĵ̡СȻŵˡҶСûκζ⣬ֻǰ飬ֻҪСǺźɣȻûȥ
ݼԵʦкĲܸ㣬Ҹ㣬Ҳ֪ҲɷģҲǵĵ̺κ˷ͻġ
ŶС㣬ִⲻңǲʲô̫ԭصĴС֪Ŷһڽǵ̵ߣǶҪȥ飬ԣСи㡣ɫ
ãҸ㣬ҽݼʥɱָˣ𣿡ݼ˫۾䣬ݺݵĵ⡣
ɱ֣ݼһɱַ֣ȫð亹ֲɱǸ˾󣬺ʹ֮һӦûУ찡
ɱ֣ҲɫһȻһɱ֣ӥǱһصɱɱƽһЩ嶯飬С㣬ĳݺὭʮ꣬ƽɱֻ֯һûʥɱָ֯СΪˣһһЩ֮֯УС֪ʵ
˵ˣ˵Ҳ֪˵ĶʵݹҲֹľݼЩŭ
ûĻСΪѾﵽ쾳磬ֻСˣ²ĳ˵ĶְɣС㣬㻹Ǹһ˰ɡѾ˶ֵ׼˫ĿĿݼ
ݼЦǿЦ˵Աţ˵ˣ㲻ţãȻҪ֣㣬Ҷ֣Ϊһɱ֣ûеڶ·ѡ룡
ַһһһ㶵ģôӰ֮еĶ԰סԼʮ֪꣬ﻹɣ
ݼҪ˶ַ֣һ´ڶм䡣ַ罫ݼסݼˣɲ˴˶ݼа˺ȻҪǣַҪԼ֣һԼѧĶ
ݼ磬㲻Ķ֣
۾ַ磬Ҳߣ
ַЩĵү϶ߣҪҵŮ˶֣ȹһذɣ
ŸӾɽбɱһصɱ֣Ůһɱ֣ˣԶ׼
ȻĿ⿴ݼݼС㣬ƶ϶ָͷϣڻû㹻֤ݣҪ֤ʵףô͸һһˡССѾΪ϶һӴҲ㣬ֵ֮ܲ㲻ߣôֻöˡ
ַ絲ݼǰ棬˺ȵϻ˵ɣ
Ӱƣַȳ˫ֻƣʱӰɣ˵ؿڻȥ
Ӱƣַʦѧϰ˼꣬һֱûдĽչǴ˿Ź
Цһ͵תȦǻƽʵĻ˵ؿڡ
սȦЦƷΪ̫͡˵Ƕֻ֣ҪݣҪҵĳ⣡
ַҲȻԼԷǶԷȴһ㣡ѵǵȼĲࣿ
磬
ʱһɱϢݼϱΧĿ˲併˼ȣԱߵַ̲ס˸ݼ˪һ˫۾û˿ĸ飬һһľĿŶˡ
ݼǺεȴڣ϶ⲻһս˵ٶҲõģǿӲѹȶԷŶԼ
ôС;ͳΪ֣һλţû뵽ССͣɱôءɢɱ϶Ǿþɳ֮ˣҾ͸ǵɱˡģֻǻ㣬Ҳɱ㣬ֻǴȥ֤ʵס治ģһǸκƣ
˵꣬ͽȻһɺ˵ƣƷǳĿ񱩣׳ʿһȥζһӽݼϵѹȥ
ݼһ㣬һȥ֮ǰͨ뺡
ݼЦһڣˣҺҶ𣿳аɣ
ĵ֪ʤˣҲʤ֮䣬Ϊ˸ֵܱʲô¶Ҫĺˣ
һһԾУСϪȥ߰׵СϪգۼԽַ翴ŵϴϴҲ̫ţ˰ɣȥμԶ׼ùھ
ֱǰռȻֻƣֱȡݼţ֮䣬дǿΧĿžž졣
ַзǳĲ죬ӰƣĻƣͬƣΪʲôôǿأҵľСӹҼһΪʲôͲôأ
ĺãݼˣͬȼ˽֣ݼȡʤԷҲûʮֵİաֵĹ·ȻԷΪһֵֻ֮ͬӭȥ
ַھ֮лûعѾַֻ֡ǰۻңַڷǳϸĿ˵ʽ
ַ翴Ĺ֮ʱݼڿжһƣһǿΪĳʲʽ˷ɢȥ֮ɳʯַоһǿǵسԼϯ
ҿַתӣǻǳˡ
ǿĳֱӽַʮԶСϪ룬ˮУַǺ˼ˮ˳һûʲôˡַ縡ˮ֮ʱݼѾֿңң
ҲѪû뵽һ˵ŮӾȻܽԼˣǰŮĺʼʱⲢɱݼֹֻȴɱģһɱ֮أʽ˺ݶŮˣ϶ʲôˣǰ˲ɱݼǴʱȴı⡣ɱڣʬ𼣣˴ʱ뷨ɱҲҪɱ
߶ԪϵͽȻһצ
Ʊóһֵӡӡı䶯ǿռ伸֮͡˫ֻצǳһצɺУݼؿץȥ
ݼվһʯǰĨȥǵѪ˵Ĺ԰׵ɫһĨݼʼ϶ԷֵģǴ˿̵˲֪ιʣȻҪԼ֣
ŵĽ֣ǣݼƷ˶Էһơ˿絶һʹϼˣֵȫԼ޷סġ㵲Ҳͽͣ
ѵҪɣΪһɱ֣ôһ졣ǣַ
˿̣ݼ֣ԼΨһŲµľַ硣Եһټɡ
ݼȫ˵Ĺ㲻ƫͷЩĿˮðͷַ硣
ݼ㣡ַ翴㲻ݼд󾪡


011 Сǿ
̵ģץŮѵأˣ˿̵ַ磬ûʶݼҪܵһֻǿ˵˫ݼؿץȥзǳĲˬôʵһ´ˣַ뷨
ַ粻֪ƴݼǰȥҪס˵Ĺ
ȻݼʮԶַݼֻʮԶַܺһֱٶȣݼɵɵĳַ磬ͻȻһů
֪ôģַ緢ٶͻȻı·һ㣬·ҪһЩַͻȻһɵݣжԼܹȥܵסݼ
䣡
ݼľʯʮӺύѷ졣ţʯĶѣɲǼ仯ƬַͻȻɫ͵ĳ죬һѪȥ
磡ݼ󾪣ǰȥϵַ磬ַ籧ڻ
ݼɵˣղſǰһһɴԼƵһߣȻһӰȡ˷Լվλá
磬硣ôݼְסַĶͷһɱϢַԺ֮С
ô𣿡ˣһŻʲô˼
ݼ棬滨¶
ɱַ磬ЩھΣǸ;ȣôԶľ룬ԼȫʤʱҲܽ˾ȵ£ѵǴ˵еǱ
һζεĻݼԺ˿̣ݼкףǰ˸ͲԼҪҵǸˣǸԼˣΪǸ˲ΪԼȥȨκζҪ
һ˵ļʧıԲʧֱԲǸĺˣ
ԼһֱǶλ
ǰˣΪԼ˵ˣԼҪˣ
һŮҪĵʱֻһɲǣ
һΪԼҪǻô
ǣһˡ
ֻһ£ɱ֮󣬽һ𡣡ݼޱĿˡ
ĿӱݼĿ⣬ԼĴˡоǰŮȫȫޣĺ̲סзǴء
ַһֱݼеľַ֧ݼʱ˲ɱݼݼҲѡ
á˺ԥĴӦ
ڴ˿̣ݼͻȻоеַ΢΢Ķһ¡
ûݼæһַİٻѨ
ݼû°ɡַ֮ƫͷ˵ôһ仰ȻϿʼѪоڷȫѾʹĿʼľŵһѾַȫ顣
ַѾ˴Σĵһʱ仹ڹԼû£ݼͻȻЦˣЦķǳǳ㣬ҲǳҸݼЦû¡
ݼƵַ磬ַ۾ֿĿ⣬ַܵıԼ˫֣ĬţҲߵġ
ݼԲһˣȻ޷㡣ڿʼҲκһ˺㣬ֻҪ˺ˣһַۣѪ˵Щ
лл㣬ַ硣ݼͻȻоԼзǳ̹һֱѹݼеĽһӾͽ⿪ˣùԼһжҪˡ
ַҲ֪ԼˣԼҪˣôôߣôأ˿ַԺ˿̾ˣһԼ裬һǰݼ
԰ôôоԼںתأַоԼĴԽԽѣϵʹҲļšô£ô£ȰǰŮˣٺ١
ݼˣ޸𣿡ַ˵ţ֡ʹĿ
ᣡһᣡݼᣬ㲻ҴӦӣһӲ벻
𣿡ַһӽסݼ֣ݼĻ꣬
˿̵ݼȻΪַڳĶģ磬ַ磬ݼӦһߡ
⿴ǰһĻھΣĿݼַ磬ȴɱַ硣Ⲣû֣ǾĿһ¡
ݼַĿݼһº𣿡
ݼַȥһˣΪѵҪݼġ
ַоԼϱһĶһ£
һº𣿡
ݼһ¡
һº𣿡
ݼΣַҪ
ˣ¹ˣˡַ罫ߵѪɾݼһ£Ȼ˳ݼһѡ
㡭ݼһ죬뷢ʲôݼĿַ磬ûйַ硣
ַݼһЦȻʮĴһ£һѣҵȫˣ
ݼֱȻԵڵء
ַ˫Ŀ⣬ʼɪˣ갡һ˴Ůˣֺүүҵǲ֮
˿̣Ⲣûж֣һĿַ硣ԼȫһǶԷûһ˿ķһ氤һҲˣھȻһ߶ûɱ˻ԼѵԼĹ½һͼ߶ɱˣԼĹ϶û½ôֻ˵СйŹ֡
ݼͬˣղݼѾַƣѾȣ׼ַ˫˫ѳ֮ʱȴַһҶԵƿڴݼ𺳵°ͶˣΪơ
ʵΪ𾪵Ĳݼǵַ硣ַǷſ񱼶ݼʱۿˣһɲǼ䣬оԼȫ˱ըԵԼһĵݼǰһѽݼƿԼһơ
ƺַоԼҪˣַʶģʱ֮һɫԼľٵţ˵ĸλתȥɫâ֮ԼƾȻڿٵĺתЩѪܡƤ֯ۿɼٶţѵĹҲڼӵʱԼӺãûһķ϶ݼʱ䣬ַѾȫָµѪȫڵĴѪ
ҴַԼǻʲô


012 ǵɾһ
ַ磿ˡô£ݼ󲻽⣬оַţҲ޷ˣȴģһ˵ӣ
ݼһ֮£ǰ˵Ļַ£ɳܵľַ磬ȻԼһѣ
ַ磡֮ΣݼŭţǴ˿̣Ƕִַʱ
ַתͷݼЦЦ㷴ҵţϹϹţûʲô
ݼɫһ󽿺죬㡭޳ܣ
ܶ˶ôҡ
⿴ΪԼŮˣַ磬ͻȻһηĵѾõļ䣬μ䣬Ҳħĵط
ͬĵص㣬ͬĳͬĵˣǾȫĲһ
һƴ㣬Ͳһ𣬷绨ѩ£ͷϡ
ĺúڣʧȥ㣬ֱ֯Ϊʲô
ĵڷźţϵɱʱʢʱ֮𽥵ȥ
ַԷŭ𣬡˵㷢ʲô֪Ҵ򲻹㣬Ǵһ붯ҵŮˣ
ͨ죬Լȷĺܹ֣Ϊȥֵʲô֣ǰһŮأĻ𣿣Լĸˡŷŭַ磬ǰԼ
СӣҲҪɱŮˣֻǴȥжһ£ǲɱǵˣŮģһһġڣҴܲ
һ˹ַ󾪣Ҳߡ
ü㵲סҵģ治ɱǣ
£˭һǿ߸֣ɱһߣɱһ˵ŮˣҪǴȥ㻹кڽ㣿ַ仰϶ĳӾϿġ
ߣһҲһ֮ˣɱˣɱڻʬ𼣣˭ܲһϻ𣿡
ַӲĵôҲݼҪ߱
ַĻݼдһů
ĲУҶɱˣǻҪôϻ˵ȻŮѣôһ߰ɣ
ǣȹһذɣүӰƣ
ַһƣȻһͷһ˳˹ȥ
ݼַ磬ҡҡͷ̾һ
Ҳˣҡҡͷ̾һ
ȥǿֱӽַֻһССָͷͽַŵڵأַιȥһ˲䣬룬ҵӰƻûʹأʹһڵء
ˣ
ֱӵݼ˯ѨַݼֱȥΣַεǿûг֡
һ˵壬˿̵ַ羹ȻϰƶûУֻʧѪ࣬Щѣ˴󲻽⣬һĿַ硣
ݼ֮ʱֱŵбһ仰ϣѾ˥߱Եܻܻô˹
һᣬҲȻҡͷ̾
Ȼ˷ֱҸ£ɽ·ɱȥ
̫ԭسǣľƵꡪþƵꡣ
ƵϰԪ̫ԭص׸̫ԭ˿ʮȻɽ϶࣬سǻǱȽϷģЩͳеȻȲϣҲһеȵѳС̫ԭصĴ󲿷˶֪̫ԭصľƵҵٷ֮ʮĶԪ¡ͨ˶֪ԪһݣǾǡ
ҹʱֵ֣˺٣ʱ䣬˶ѾˣֻоƵֳͨӪҵ
һɫĽγͣ˾þƵſڣͣıӭڵˣæʵ磬ʲô𣿡
ƫͷԱԪڲڣ
磬Ϊ˸£ȫܲûʲôˣ߰˸Ԫüûˡ
⽫ͷһƲָָںԲѵˣԺŪȥ
ע⵽˳ڵˣʵ磬ѵˡ
ԣ븱йءеΪܵͣŮǸĽɫѾҴˣѾĹ㽫ŪȥдסǧҪһЩҪ졣
Ԫ壬绰ͨˣԴַݼץ֮סھþƵ꣬뽫㱨ԪһֱڴԪĵ绰һֱػ£ڴͨˡ
ǽ£պðꡣʲô£绰ﴫһЩɣƽͣѾϰֲ
νİ¾ɱˣɱ˵ʱֻźſ϶ǱжϵģΪ˲κε˿
ԣһѵҵˣôץˣ
ĵɽһ֣븱йأڻȷѾץˣҷԸǺúõտš
ԪһʲôץˣǸ֣㻹ܲ찡˵磬ɱѾҵˣҵһɱ֣ѾҴˣΪ˳ǶǸѾºˣôŵĽ׶Σ㻹Ҫȥһ֣㻹Ѹִܲô£
ԪˣǷǳץ֣һɱ֮ǣôһ֣ǺΪڸ֣һֲǺܿ£֪Ǿ鷳ˡȻ˵̫ԭһһɣǺЩеɱ͸һһ
ȫǺԪ壬һΪҵֵܡҶֻץǵʱ֣˵ĺףֻΪ˵ֵܵûйϵŹǵġ⽫ľ򵥵Ļ㱨Ԫ
ţҲ׷ˡɱָһȥ¡һʮҵ֣һкܴæڽ̸ǱһƬص飬ûʱȥԼסģУɱ˱ǣǵĸɾһ㡣


013 һȭ
þƵĵ㡣һƽĵҡװ൱ĺȫ׵ĸߵŷʽҾߡǽ֮ϣǶһ鳤׵ľ޴񣬰֮ϣɷ裬ư֡䡣
ַݼѾǵڶϣ۾ǰһϤס
λϢĿɺãЦеģֺõĿַݼ˿ı飬ȫ顣
ַ෢ʹԴĵװŪΣӸѣ˵òã
ݼ㵽ô
ЦݼС㣬ãŵʥҩֻҪˣ֤ʮ֮ȫûκεڡ
˵ţһʵСӣĸݼݼҲֱӽ˹򿪺ӣֻǿһĵҩͳȥ
ݼַһ˵ҳ
ַĵģݼİɣҪҵĻͺˡ
ЦݼС˵ǣҴӿʼûҪС֮ģֻΪһֵܣУһʱǣźС㷢ͻ侲֮˼ǰ󣬾Сԩ޳𣬸οݼСΪһһôСȥأҾݼСǸûһϵ
ַԣˣڰġ
𣿡ݼЦҿɱǸҵ˰ɣ
ôŮȻѰ֮ˣ治ɫ˻⣬λµĻŶ죬ⶨ֮꣬úõдλ
ˣߡݼ˶˵ʲôҲŶǸᣬѾ⿪ˣݼһӡ
ȵȡַͬʱ˳
ַȵ⣬ҵֻǮأ
ӵˡ⵭ĵ
ʲôӵˣַһַ˵һֻǮǺҪƷ
ַŵı飬Щ죬ֻͼֵٶ࣬ǮʮǮûбʲôԾͶˡһġ
ַŭ⣡϶Ҫ⣬ˣûаϵ˵ûϵĻ⳥ǵģңô⣡
Цţóһпںдš
ַЩɵĿ⣬ӹпǮ
⵭ĵһԼ֪ˡ
ַ緭Űۣðɣʱ㣬ûʮģҸû꣡
ͿĽͳ˾þƵꡣƵ긽ԶȡǰǰĸȡǮˣַںŶӡ
ַ磬ҹкܶǮԱߵݼ˵
Ŷַ۷ŹԽԽãиٰʮģٺ١ͿһˣʱסլöƯ·һСˣͼǧ顣
ַ磬̫ںǮˡݼ˵Ŀɬ
ַƲݼһۣ˭ǮǮ߱£ûǮ粽У˭ǮǮҺˡ
ݼĵַ磬Ҳ˼ʱձ˶˶֪ҪпǮǴҵ⳥ҵ⳥ǿҩֵƣѾ⳥ˡЩǮҽѣǲп߲ǿҩô˿϶ᱻɱڣʬ𼣡
ǰɡݼı飬ַ˸
ݼַ磬κ磬ⶼ淨ΪҵһȻǰɽϣ⽫ҴˣҪҵ֮Ҷɱģɱڡǲ֪ΪҪ֣ΪйذɡǴ֮Ÿɱôһ뾡취Ǹ֮еĵλûʲôôǿ϶·һǿͻһǸ֮еλǺܸߣǾͻɱǣķǳɾκκۼڶǸλܸߣôؾͻѡʸͽύһǺܻġڶᣬҲǮҲǳ˸ѣʲô¶û߻Ƿ
ַһһ㶵ģû뵽лôè壬ַܿˡ
ַ罫˽ȥС룬ѯʾʮ
ʮַһ𾪵סˣСôǮľǧǮʮ򣬶Сƶɽĺ˵һ
ˣǷˣҵѧѲˣѧܹ࣬жʮ򣬹ַ쳣ļ˷ܾ֪ôȥй͵ǰסݼݺݵһڡ
ݼһѽַƿͨ죬֮дһ˿ŭҧгݵŭַ磡ݼûгִַ磬Щϵ
ŶȡǮһëСӿһĻܲͷĵģҪȡǮͿ㣬ûôŶҪȻؼȥﰭ۲ۣ
˵ʲôǳ˵ַһһ
˵
㲻˵ˣ
ëûзӦֻԼؿǧ޴һ㣬ǻ֮һ󷭽ȻԼ˿Уֱ·Ʈȥ
峿ֵϵ˲࣬ʮȫһĻ˶ͣⲻ˼飬һкһȭһ˴··Ǳߣڿзʱ򣬿ֱѪʮ׿·֮ɢһֱѪ
˾֮󣬿ַıһ㾪֣ȻɢһĻñ·ߵͷ˸š
鷳ˣߣַȡһǧǮ֮ݼǰȥ·䴦һƳ̳һʻȥ
ļسǵһСڣڸµϣˮʯʣµẠ̊́£ΪŵĹǲֵġڹԣʵһһֻҪڳ£ȥһ㣬ǲġڸ֮ȫ͸ĸǳãȥֵ顣ɱ˵Ѿˣʣµ£ҲˣڱָʹţҲ
ţţţΪ̫ԭɣʵ൱̫ԭس㶦֮ƣȻҲϣΪһЩСɱɱǺˣǶʧһЩ̶ѣҲһĵӣĸ֣˭Ҳκβ˭ɲĸɶ̨϶֣ǰһ
ǿӪҵңǿҵҵġֻ϶һģҵĦǳĶࡣţ˸УǿҽҵҡźЩֻڹ롣Ȼ룬źŶţźŶ̫ĻҶ̵ְҶ̲ˡԣźž㶷ҲһķΧ֮ΣžȻɱִɱŵĸӥλܳӡΣ˽ǣԪˡ
ɶ֣һƽ⣬˭Ҳ˭֣Ҳеڣʧȥһ֣൱ʧȥ֮һս˵һǳĴ
üͷջصң򿪵ԣϷ׼ɷһ񾭣ʱ绰ˡһ룬оһֲԤУÿûʲô¡
ιǮӳãþòˣæʲôأЦǺǵ˵Ǻͺþòһ
绰ŭ壬ô£Ԫˣʲôƣҵ绰ڳõư213


014 Ǯٳ
ǮӳҲֻ֪ŵĹǲֵģ¼ȨģʲôҪ»ԪɡĺæǮٳǵ϶˴£СҲ˵£æѲ롣
æԪҲˣӥѾˣųҵ˵ϼ仰ˣ˭ȥôˣϸˣ¿ɺãʮǰǾþƵһˣͨˣǱһһȭģ㵽׳ĻҾͲѹˣֶֶɣʱҪ˵鲻ӣˣټ
ĵ绰ﴫཱུԷ˵Ļᡣ
գǸ߸ɵģܲɱˣ̲ס˴ֿڣŭ졣֮Ķߣڡɡġνɣ֮ĬϵĹͨķֻͨˣɾڴǧеǡ飬ǹ֯һع֯ԼƲߵġһ£֮ĶֻҪ漰ͨ棬ǲܵģǸɱͨˣôͻ֣Ʋߡ
峿Ŀǳĺã·ϵҲǳ٣ʱ䣬ֻܿܵˣһЩҴҵ·ˡʱ䣬ûһҾưɿš
õưλسǳضηǳķֻǶںҹԣ죬ԵЩ塣õưסĵطԶ⿪ʮӾ͵õưſڡ
õưҲŵĲҵվھưſڴ˸绰һʱ䣬ưžʹˣֱ213䡣
ƿţֻһ΢ֵɳ֮ϣݣѩѣ֮󣬲䲻ȵ˵
ǮٳǵĶ档ǮٳǽϵıʼǱת˸⣬ȻԼ
һƵ棬ЩģһǸ߿ͷ¼Ƶġڻ֮УһȡǮȻ˷ܵıԱߵŮӣ˵ЩʲôŶӵһëСӶȡǮ˵ЩʲôȻӷŭһȭë·棬ֱӷɵ·Ѫ
ƵǳģͿκ˵ò˵ķװϣһ۾Ϳ˭з䣬ƵŮӶȻŴ󡣹Ȼôڹ컯֮¶ͨ˶֣ѵ֪˰ߵĴ𣿣
ǮٳǿЩȵɫŵ˰ɣ
תת룬ɫĵǣŵˣǮӳ㿴顭
Ǯٳǳһ̣Ȼվɫͻ䣬ݺݵһȭŭ𣺡ģǵĵһĸˣ㻹һ
ⲻŭǮٳǣĵһڼۣʮ򡣡
ǮٳɳϣƲһЦʮ򣿴Ҫ𣿡
ɲ˵ĵϸ
һС죬գڳҴ顣ƽʱЩ͵£ܣڴҲΪǰƣֻ׵һСС͵ţɵǣŵġиĸ硣˲ôģֻҪǮѣܺð졣ҲΪһͨ˶ôġҪƽţƵѾʮ˿ˣҪסЩ˵Ŀڣʮһڼһ򡣡
⵱ȻǮٳǵĻ˵ʵԼҲġʮ򡣡
ʮ򣡡
ʮ򣡡
ʮ򣡡
ʮˣ
ʮˣ

ִƬ֮ʮɽһ¼˵ּۻ֮ƽϢˡ
֮ⱧűʼǱæɽ
ַ˶ʮǮҲһˡֻԼǸɽկĿ϶ˣȻݼһһȻݼس֡˼·ַѡ˼ǳ·֪ȲãһĦΡ
˹䵽̫£ŴСĶĵĸϻؼҡ
ɽС·ϰϰ
˱߱ģദݼı仯ܴ˹ַ֮ͬоݼԼöˣԼëëţݼǲԼˣַҲ֪ݼѾԼˡ
ַ룬Ů̵ģֻҪ̺ˣˣ
ߵ֮ʱԶԶľͿ˴һϤӰ
Ǹ˭ôô찡̫Զַ
ݼ⡣ݼĿȻǸˡ
⣿ʲôַµôϲ˦ôˣ겻ɢѵҪǮˣַһЩġ
ݼЦ϶û¡
Ӻ˫һ
λ˶ʱˡ΢Цţǳĺơ
ַһֱۣӵǸԼİˣַûһøС
ݼĮĵкιɣ
֪ǰλԼûʲôøУϾ˫ͻ㲹ˣǸҲһġصһЦĪĵѵλȥɲǴ֮ŶΪ˵ǣ緹ûء
ԣһۣϵ顣
⿴ַǸͽıڵʱ˴һ֣سطҪ÷磬Ҫ꣬ȻίطһһͨѣͲˡǿҵĸоǾǡһʻţϡ
һľӣΧһƾɵľ¡Ȼ˵ԣ˿һƵ
˿֮Ǹˡ
ɶˣôһȭˡַŸᣬֻһȭ浹ùͷ˸š
˸ˣַֻǾһ£ǲûжӦַԼ֡
ݼмЦһ˵ˣǸ˸ΪһͨˣȻǲǿ϶ҪɱҪȻǵδ棡
ַݼĻֱȻðԵŮˣ
⻺ĵߣЩͨ޷ȵģҲ֪Щڰģͨ˶֪ߵĴڣʼһͨ磬磬Ͼϵ̫ˡ֮Ķͨǲ֪ģսһЩصĵطСɱһߣΰǲֵġһص鴦ġɱһͨˣĿ֮ɱģôѽˡҲ˵ͨΰŻ£Ҳ֣ݼС㣬ַȻΪߣҲᱻͨ˵вþϾһͨ硣
ݼ֮ȻţȻȻʧЦһͨ磿Ц̫ЦˣѵͨߵͷϣԹǿΪ߸ЩͨϰĴڣôܺЩ߱ȣɱˣһȭˣˣһǧҲɱģ磿ѵЩ߾ͨ˵ѹ֮¹Ӳдţˣ
ԴŭֱǶߵ裡ԴҲ벻ݼǴԽġȻдŭǻԼʮ˼һѣ˳ͻһвǴˮƯ
ַ룬ݼһˣ϶֪ϵɫǳѿæġСɽɽаʦѧգδӴ磬ڵһ㶼˽⡣˵ʲôˣ¡
ˣֲݼǰ˵ȻĻԭ֪ݼСɱˡʵʵ˵ѾƽˡҿݼСֲݼСһСæ
ݼַǸĻͲˬܾ˼ûȤʲôæƽ£ûκιϵֲҵɱġ
ʵݼڻ벻ô£ɱһͨ˾һֻô򵥣ѵһֻϻҪ𣿣
һӺˣѵҵʮҪˮƯˣĿַ磬ַ磬ɱˣһ
ַһܿƽ˲˵㲻ҪĨˣ㵽ô


015 ӵĲ
ֻλš⽫̫ԭصֲŵݼ
ַݼĿ˽⵽ϵǶͨ˵ϡȫ磬ÿжвͬߡȫٶ˿ڣߵֻǧҡͨͨ˵ռ䣬ɷԼͨ˹ǣҲԼռ䣬ɰԼߴ˰ɣÿҵٲá֮Ķͨǰȫٷ֮ʮϵͨ˶֪ߵĴڡǲ˺ͨˣͨ˵ְҵ֮вʹ
ַ֮૵ĵô˵Ǵνİɣ
ⶢݼ۾ǵģ̡
˺𣿡
Ц׻Ƶ۹ǰʮģ飬ɱЩˣɱ˵
ַ翼Ƭ̣ðɣҼ룡
ַ粻Ƿκ˵顣
˴ĿģΪݼַ磡һ֣Ѿ޷ſ⡣Ů֣ţֲȱ
ţǻӭ֪֮ݼСΣ
ݼ֮󣬵ĵҶЩɵĶҲȤҲ֪Լܼ֯κ֯
ֻ֪ݼСΪŵĹ֯ûκγͻҪ㴦ֻҪڳ˴£Ҫֵʱּɡ
Ŷݼֻ֪ʲôô
ԣ֪ݼѾԼˣôȻܶ࣬һǮ⣡ڶŵĵλֻ֮£ƽ
û⣬Ҽ롣ԭԼΪ
ǳ˳飬椱죬Ӧ˾ͺáȻЦӭλ롣
ַݼŵĵ죬ž˵һݲ¡
Խַݼš
ַ翴ưġ䡱֣ЦѡһʱǱץģڶǱġ
һսȥһʮ˾ɳϣòƽĿ⾼񣬸һַǳĸоһѩѣĳš
Ԫ壬λҸݼСַ
λԪ洺磬ǳĿ
λŵԪ塣
Ԫ̫ԭ׸ôҵͷôַ羪ȲѣϸϸĴԪԪǳĺͰͨ졣ԽַԪɲ⡣
˫ʺùԪ΢Цλȵʲô
ˮַݼͬĻش
Ԫһ㶣ŶͷЦԣˣһɱֵͷҪʱ̱侲ˮʲôȡʧ񡣡
Ԫл
ݼС㣬ַλţԺҶһˡɵλˡɺŶһܶ鶼ֲڣͷһҪҪλȥ졣
ݼĵ˵
ԪյϢɽһ޳û̫ԭɶѾõϢλȥ죬λΣ
ݼַ磬磬أ
ݼһֱַĴº;ϴַϵ
ݼһʻԪжϣŮ˵ģ
ַ粻ɫĵȻ˵ɶõϢôɿ϶ɳȥѰޣҾãһֲڶһҪѧݼȻҪҡ
ַаʲôҶ֪ȥѰҸëַиף϶С˵һ㡣ַһЩǿĹоͷë̸ǽȥô
Ԫ⵱Ȼĳַίľܾˡ
ӺĳóһļƵַǰѧѾˣѾУһ¼١ݼݣѾ仧ţͷ塣ݼĹҲҺˣѧУͼԱĸ׳ĹҲѾźãѧУԶһҹ˾ڳǱһ׷ӣԿס
Ҳַ翴ϵļβףһ£ڵСǸ
ԪѰҲʲô¡źǶôûɳʲô֡λСסɽһȽϤߣλܼţȽϷ㣬λòˡλòףԺǰɱǰɱ֣
ֱַӾˣ˵ʵ;ˣԪһһͣӶںˣ͵ȥ
ǿӵ
ðɡ¾ͰҺݼϣôǵľأ
£϶ҪǮģ
Ѿ֮ǰҸпˡ
ֱַ˴Ĵָǳ˳飬İЧߣ
˽ݲ£ڶһ磬˾·˳ɽСɽ첽ȥ
·ϣݼַ󱳵ĳѹʵ̫ʸħ޵Ƥë͸
ħޣΪ桰ħ硱ַǳ˳飬
ݼԹԵĵѹûκԼӳ֣Ҳһĸ죬һͶϣͨҲôʵĹߡ
ݼַĹͷ۽ţַޱȣѹҲǴһλ֮ǰԼģҪԼúõȥأôλ֮ǰ˵ѹһͷأ
ַݼһ֮ǰ۽ۣǳСź͵һŶʮˣȻַһλӣŵҵӣǰַʹĳɽϴ֮ʱ˵ǵַΪӣַʱСֻһƾʹһͷǣ˵ܽ书֮󣬾ĴӦˡ
ַͳͽܣַ粢һڵΪַҪѧַÿֻҪһΣʦͻǳļԼ壬ͻύһЩ书⼸ַҲԼСɣÿʱ򣬵ԼԼɹչʾʦʱʦҡҡͷһԲҲ˵ãҲ˵ãһֱꡣ
һֱȥַ꣬ʮչ֮дۣȻʦַ˵ѾѧˣԺͲҪѧˡַҲףԼǸѧӣʦԼ˷ʱˡ
죬·˳㿴ʦȻʵʦǰչʾһ
ַ磬
ַƲƲ죬ȥҵʦסԹԵĴǧȥʦ˼ĻҸû꣡
ҲŲأҪȥҾ͸㣡
һףݼʱͬգ㲻Ҫˣ˺òãŮǲܽȥģʦŹ棡Ҹ˵Ľȥˣұ֤һӶ㣡
ַƲݻ֮󣬶˵ۡ


016 Ů˵ʦ
ݼոȥſڵһСʿݼסŮʩ
ʦֺá
ʦֺá
ַ߱ĵǴк
ȣַ翴һʮʿһ֮ͤһ飬ĽζʱʱķһЦ
ַһϲʿʦ֣ʲôأЦôթ
ʿַ̽еڻӭʦܣˣûˣҲʦ֣ʦֿˡ
ַƲ죬ô˵ʦְҼôôأ˼˵
ַһѣСͷ㲻ǲ֪ɭϣʦƢǳĹŹ֣͵ܳȥĻҲѲƤ
ȣ
Ļ䣬ֻ֮ϳ˺ָӡ˵Ķ棬һΰĺ۵ңңڷۣڿ㣬ЬںڵĴüںڵĺһ֮һѺɫ۵
ʦַͬʱǳͷҿ
𸡳ݺݵͷһ£ЩԵңﵽûΪʦΪʦҵӣ
ʦ֪ˡͷˣ૵ĵ͹ţʦʲôʱģղ˵ʱûڰ
˵ʲôŭĿӡ
ŵ˵ʦ磬˧
ǻͷһ¡
Ȼתͷߵַ磬ݺĵΪʦ𣿡
ֱַӵǵģʦΪһʱĴæûдʦ¡һɽĻһʦ
ͰЦĿҾͺãֻʽѡΪʦȻ㡣Ȼˣʱҽ̸ӰȭӰʩչһ£ΪʦŬû
ǣʦ
ַ˼վԺ룬˫Ų˳ȭ׼ǰ̤һȲͬʱ˫ᾢ࣬ʹȭȭ¡̧ȣȶͷתĿǰ
ȣַһȣһӥ
ַӥһͿݣӡ·ɣУ磬һľӰӰ֮ΧĿžž죡
ޣԳǣ仯棬Ӱֱȡ칥ץãʵϡ
ַߺߴһӰơ
֮ӿҪˡһԵͳϴǳĿַ硣
ַ翴ʦʦ֣зǳĵ⡣
ʦҴô
ܺãǳã
һοַ磡ַзǳĿġ
ллʦ
Щ΢ĵˣڳɹˡ
һԵʦܰʦԸ
ַеɪţɣûɣͽڿһˡ
ʦ㻹ʲô书ٴڸӰɣһúѧϰʧ
Ҫ˵ͻȻԺһŮ˽һһȻ˲ʧӰ١
ﴫһŭ𣬡˭Ůӽģ
ַ鶼ˣ˵ҪַϽԶԶģŮԶ㣬ҪȻʦ϶Լʦˣ
ַ粻ףʦΪʲôôŮأɽѵŮ˲Ųҳȥַ꣬Ǵûмʦȥ棬ܶʱʦַ顣
ݼһĵôѵʲô̫ʲôаŵڹԲŮˣ
˵˵޵֮Ůǲý룡Ůʩǿȥɣ˵صռ䡣
ݼҿ϶ߵġַߣҲߡ
ַ磡Ůģռﴫ޵ıŭ
ַίʦǰҸʶݼҺݼûϵģʦ
㲻ʶô֪֣
գַˣô˸ѣˡ
ַʦܰôôЦˣַ磬ˣҲﲻ㡭һֻЦˡ
ַᣬʦʱҪҲӦˣ˭֪ܽʦ²ܹҰǧɱҰ
ʱʦǧַʦС£
ˣַ磬ôС£ΪʦôܹءĻԵ߰ɡ
ȻǰɣϴһӾͺһŮڵ治Զ˵֮ͱʦȣʦţʦܰŮ˴ˣôˣΪԼˡ
лʦַֹʲôԵ˦أ
ַݼһ˳ȥ
һ֮УʵʵĵͷվԱߣʦղŵŭԼϡ
ɣƽ飬ͻȻȻļĶѾΪһߣֻǳ£Ϊʦ㱣ʦܣʮСʱܼ໤ʲô£ΪʦƲ㣡
ǣʦ
ַݼȥ֮һŭݺݵĶݼҸ㣬ݼ㲻Ҫ̫֣֪ẦңҪΪǸŮˣҾͲҴ㣡ұƼˣ򣡣
ݼû˵ʲôֻǰͷͦصվַǰƲͷð򰡣ֻҪб´ݼݼԲỹ֣
ַ߸ߵľȭͷҴҴĹ𣿣
漴ַĿƵݼǰãһӾˣϵµȭͷڲ֪֮бƣȻݼǰȥ
¶ȣַǲԾſˮ
޳ܣ
ַ类ݼһ߷ɣʰ˵ϣؿ֮һĽӡ
ַɥ㲻˵򲻻ֻġôһ£
˵֣˵𣿡ݼһǰȥ
ַӵţ桭
һƬ֣һСϪԶɽңңɼİɽ롣ܿߵһ֮ǰݼǵѾˣҪʱ־裬ʱʶʶҵļǧŪʲô춯ҵ
ݼַ磬䲻ȵĵİɡ
û߼ַͻȻֹס˽ŲɫĿڵĳһ
ôˣݼʵûʲôΣգҲûʲôħ޳֡
ַæָŵߣ꣡ѾĿְ꣬Ҫݾߡ


017 ɱɱϰ
ַģݼҲԭزʲôΣգԼûиоɡǵ˳ַĿ⿴ȥһССһô³Բݡ
ѵַ˵ɱɱ֮СӣȫݼĴħݼַ磬ЩЦá
СʱַɱֻӣÿɱӺַ綼Դޣʧֺ˵ԼǹߵƣݼЦûзַ֣绹˿ɰһ档
˿ѵ磬һСϪߣַ͵ȡģַ罫ԴϷֱ࣬ݼԡǳĿɿڣ˳ԵĽζ
㾭ݼʵ
ǰƽʱû£͹ҰζǵСʱ򣬴ĳǶɽԣҺҵֵܶţÿ춼ڳĺ桭أҶæ׬ǮţҲᵽȥˣôе˺١û˳ˡַͻȻͦţġ
Ҫһ£Ҫ׼
Ա֮ɽģµС·ѾʧֻʣصĻҶӲݡ
ַγһѶ̵ḷ̌СĻŶ㣬Ҳüûˡ
ݼµ·ѾҶߵӲݶôߣû϶ܾûˡ
ǵĵͼʾֹϼɡǳ˽⣬ûʲôͶֻһֻǶѡ
죬ĵζѨϣֻʮͷǺԱɵĽ֮⣬ûκεĽ
⼸һݼ͸ַ紫һЩɱֵ֪ʶһЩСС¼ַȥжеϵݼʱһûû˵˵ţַ罥Ҳˡ
ݼнп࣬磬֪ҿֻµˣʱҪе֪ʶ̸㡭
죬׼򿱲졣˼ɽ롣
˵룬ΧʪԽԽأգɭָһֻ谵ɭĸо
ݼͻȻ˽ŲСǰˡ
ݼĿķַԼԼĿʮ׿⣬Ӱڻƶ
ģǵʲôƲ£ʲôޣһˣӰûֵܣ
ߣҪ˵ɽ޵ϢǧȷЩźźĿľһҪŪ֣һǾ鷳ˣ
ʲô鷳һ޳ɳǰϣǺܿҪˣȥޣǻ

ŵˣ
ݼĵɱǣ
ַ粢ûзԣŵĵˡַлеš
ݼַĽţɱ飬ɱˣľϰˡ
ַصĵ˵ͷ
ַ簵˶ʮ״һù֮Ϲ
谵Ŀռ֮£һ磬Ѹһ㣬֮˵ĺȥ

һҽУ㵹ز
Ŀ꣡ӵһɱһ֮еԱһˣСƣַȫûɱ˺ľ֣ĵĵ⣡
ʣ˴ʧɫæݺݵɨżûķ
Ϊ׵˳ʬԵļʸݺݵ۳Ρ
æγǹַķһɨ䣬һ㶯ûС
ͣǸ֣ǹûõģ϶Ҫŵˣ
㣬㣬ȥƹȥӺ
֮СŲŽŲַķȥ
ʮףʮס
ַ͵ĴӴ֮ڳһ֧ߵǸˡ
зеĳǰȻӶӰĽʵķ顣
ɣ
ɱ˹ַȾܡһù֮£ַͻȻµʯͷȻתͷЩʧĿųˡ
˿ַ类ʯͷвⷢЦԵΣһ߱ʯͷ߯˰ɣ
Ȳĳַ磬еĵҪַ֮ʱַĿͻȻˣֱһ󵭵Ϸʡ
ͻȻ֮ϷһŮӣֱ˵飬ҽеʱ䶼ûУͷ׷׵ء
ݼɱ˶˵ǳļ򵥣ΪҪ壿
ݼ磬ҪסĲǻۣǿǿҲᱻ֧ţʥһ˽壡ʱɱʮ߸ǿߣЩǿ߶ļı֮£
ַƶǶĵ˵ͷ
ݼɱĸǷǳסûڣֻһأɱĸ𣿣
ַҡͷ
ݼЦ㣬ʮҲɱǿû壬ƭֻ֣߱һŵĹ£ȵȣԴﵽɱǵĿģ
˿תӡ
ݼϵĳַԶӴڵˡ
ݼǰַں󣬽˶һƬ֮С
˾ʧ룬ǵʲôˣ
ݼĮĵȥɣַ磬ߵĽˡ
ݼ˵꣬ұߵǸ˳ȥݼеĳûκεĻΣôֱĴ˵ؿڣûö
˼ݼУƳն𣬵籼Ȼתݼȥ
ɲǼ䣬⽻ھ˲ŷĻ塣
ཻɲǣ˲ݼһԼ֪ǿٱĸ֣˸ǲУǽеھأʵʱ˲ŷԷأ
ϣ赲Ĵ̴˵ؿڣ˲ĵĿݼһ㣬ڵϡ
һ
ݼսַ硣
ַĶһʮꡣַһʼɱӰƵһСʵϡжȥ˶ֵı˴ѽѷ֡ݼĳҲĲߣַΪ˻һ㣬ΪַȱʵսԽ·硣
ͻȻԼĶӳѾɱһȻζַӰ֮дȥƮ磬ÿһٲ㣬޲ǡôַӰ취ȥ


018 ̬ĵ
ݼĵ˼ˣӲġ
һ⻰˰ģַץסᣬݺݵһƴ˵ţֱӱĺ岽
磬ûѷָ£Ѿ·磡Ϊ仰ʧأлɳˣԣ磬ҪסֻҪû·֮սһҪþȫб֮ģݼŹκν̵ַĻᡣ
ַ粻˴ϢĻᣬԾǰһȭ˵ĸֱҷɣѪڵϡ
ֻ˸յڵϣó֧壬ָأ͵һ壬ǰȥΪԼ֮ʱһӰվǰסĲӡ
ַ絭Ц֪ղװģһȭܣ
˾ֵĵҸԩ޳ΪҪɱң
ַҿԲɱ㣬ֻҪңһ˶ˣкźôһ£
˷·𿴵һҸ㣬Ĳɱң
ҷģԲɱʳԣú
ãҸ㡣
˼ַĵһĺַ֮࣬硣
ˣÿ˸ˣû֣ӵĶǰ˲㵽Ųߡ
ûŵˣ
ûУûеõϢ
ûУ
ûˣҾ֪Щˡ㣬Ұɡ
ַİɣ˵ɱ㣬Բɱ
ַſˣ˾Ŀַ磬˶ȥ
ַûж֣ڷתܡ
ַֻԱߵݼݼ鷳ˡ
ݼһסǸ˵ȥ·
˵ҲɱңΪʳԣ˾ĺ
ַ޳ܵĵǰ˵Ҳɱ㣬ʲôʱʳˣҲǷ𣿱ɱҲҪҵͷ𣿣
㣬޳ܣɣ
ַЦţܶ˶ôҡ
ݼ˿̶ܲˣַƤ̫ˡ
ĵ죬ַݼһˣˣݼַ⼸Ĺ۲죬ռһɽͷΧɽͷڣÿʱ̶ͨѶϵַ粻ǣЩ˲׻Ƶ۹ˣ˵ĳԣЩռɽͷԶȥ϶ֹ޵ĺۼ
ַ˷ǳķУҪԭǣ˷ǳı̬ĳЩĿĵԴΪһ֪߳ܵ½
һɽͷŵˣǸȥ˵ˣÿ˸ˣԣ˲ûʲôǾۼһֻ˵һ⣡Ƿʲô
Ľַݼſ⣬߳Աģڵʽ
ݼĿǰʽܹѰޣһǣȻ֮ģڶţʮˣû֣Ųĸ֣Щˣˣһ֡ŵǸ˵ŵûõϢҲȫš
ַûĿǰʽ˵õ޵Ļ̫Сˣ˵ǲܣĸͰˣô˸ԶǵˣֻҪǻɱ̵һ˿ϣ
磬жϵҲûʱ޿̵Ľ̵㣬˲١
ַ粻ΪȻĵУұͺܴòãȥЩ˺ŵ˲ѣŵˣӰûпղ˵ģûеõϢͺðˡ𵺹˺໥ɱŵ˶ڰǼΣգǻӲŵģҪǣûкԮ
ַ̾һûиõİ취ûκϣ߳ǲܵġã޳֣ʱſ϶ģΨо䡣
ݼ⼸ּжϣҾֵط޸Ͳܣֵطֻʧ޲طҷﲻޣʲôıĶմȾЩűΪޣ޺ͨ޲˶٣Ļһս
ַ粻⣬ôƶϳЩ
ݼĵڵǸ磬̫ˡЩǶʮɽɱޣҶǸߵȼޣҿ϶֪ﲻ޵ġȻǲ֪ЩģǵĿޣǵĿѰ
ַѰҲҪҵ޲ŻҵټǻҪΪ㡣
Ҳµû϶ν޵ĶѨ֮У
ַ룬Ȼץ̽ʵֻ֪֪ˣܰսʤжϵĶȷģôǾѰ
ҹǳ䡣Χһ֮ǰſ⡣
ݼַ˰ԶԶĹ۲죬Ż֡
ַ翴żԵװüͷ壬Щ˵ͨѶװǳȽֻҪǽǵĻΧ֮ڣͻоеװǹеǳȽȵ˯ˣҲûл֣ǶǴһǿ϶̽ǣǸлӽͲ̸͵͵ˡ
ݼȷЩ֣Щ˵װЩ˿϶ͷСǱߵˣûЩװֻǼ䱸ǹѣЩǹŵ˸ޣ
ŵӪأͬ⣬ÿ˵ɫÿ
һ˶Χһ˵ѵ
ǰﵺ˲֪ʲôͷǱʮĸˣֻʣǰ˸ֵܿ϶ǰﵺɱģǵ׼ǳȽǸͲǵĶ֣һֽأ
˵һŲߣѮңһĴӡ
ַݼ϶˱ɱˡɱݼַɱŵҲΪǵ˸ɵġ
һ˵ضӳǰﵺûȽװĻǻкһƴ֮ڵǿ޻ûг֣ǾͿʼɱǵˣʵ̲ȥˣ
˼ıû̵ȥ
ضӳε̾һֵǶʲڵ޷ǿ⣡ûжǶ֣϶ǸѰޣ
ߣԱߵһһ⵺̫ɶˣѾ·޳û֮ͨڱض֣ҽܲ


019 ̥
ضӳ̾һǺŶһﻹжˣ
ô죿ɱ˵ˣûлõޣ
жףȥ͵ûʲô
ݼ磬֮޳֣⵺װ̫ȥЩ˲Ϊ
ַŵĶڰô죿
ݼΪ֮ƣֻʱûеõϢ˵̫ԭصʵ࣬ŵ취ϰǰĵˣңǵĿѰޣ
ַǿ𵺹ŵĲɱ̫ˣϵˣͳһ浹ɱˣûʲôôҲòκι޵ϢΪ֮ƣֻܺŵ˺ѵ˵֮취ŵˣ
ţضӳк׿ŲߣϿıмͣǻСΪϡ
þãûмƲ߶Ըˡ
ضӳʱ֮һ֣ԿԺ͵һսڵֶȥԸˣ˰˸ֵܣʱˣһԭǡ
ȻҪԸЩˣǣ˵䣬ԶһһŮ
֮ߵ˸ǹ׼ݼַ硣
ַͣ˶ʮ״ǡǹİȫ롣
ضӳȣʲôˣʲôĿģ
ַƽĿΪ׵ĺضӳĵŵˣҺʦغλĿһѰ޵ġҲһﵺǵĵҫԣź𵺹ˣ
ŵˣضӳЦкƾ֤
ַλҵӣ
ضӳһЦЦ̫ԭشʮ꣬û˵ʲôŵӣ˵ǵʲôˣǹ
ַɫһ׿ʦһ֣Ҫɱ׾٣ƭıҪǵ𣿡
ַĻ䣬ݼһǿϢ׿ӭ
׿ܵһǿԼԼ޷Կģ
׿ʱȫǺˮַĻ˼һ֣ɱԼ˵Ļõôϻô
ȫ׿Ϲ΢Цַݼλ롣
ݼַԡ
λôƺ
ַ֣ҽʦꡣ
׿ر˵λ֪ҾͲˡλԳŵˣŵЩ˺ĳҲиλķǳɣҲòСĹȷʵˡ
׿ô˵л벻˵ݣԼպҪ˰æʱ˾ͳˣôɵ£
ַһѡ£źŵµĲҵѾ֮һ˺ĹϵһСѾȫӹˣźѹϵҲ˹ϵ·˾ǰ֮ǵ̸Ҳ鵽ﵺ˷ǳѶԸԾǰͺֵˣֶԸˣΡЩݼַǴ˽⵽ġ
ԵΣҸѣˣֵܵģַⷬ׿ǵѾšΪ֮ϵֻ֮Ϊѵŵˣܣŵĵϸŵһÿ촩ʲôɫڿ㶼ôѲһأοŸûеõ޵Ϣôֻһܣ˿϶ŵˣ
׿ɫĵλæ绢϶һİ𵺹ˣǵ˵װһһλ֣ÿ춼һ粽룡˯һϻ죬޴צ֪λʲôƻ
һֱû˵ݼʱǸȥɱ
׿ʵСмְգ
ݼ϶Ļشʮ֣ҾϾжʱȥɱΧֻҪһһᷢźţʱһٽǼ𣡺ضӳõģ㰵ɱʧܣǵ˶ȫˡ
׿ȻСôаգһֵСж֪λֵܵʱΰš
ַҿ϶ͺһ𡣡
׿룬һΪߣһֱԼԻֵֻ꣡˵˵Ĺϵһ㣡ֻҪԼ겻ˣʲô
׿ֵȻѣĳ˻ǰѳ˵ǰ棬˵ˣ޸ƾ£˭ץ˭ģ
ַãҶ˵ˣѣʱ϶ǲᶯġο֮ôྭ˺϶õġ
ݼڵȻǶˣ֪ضӳܷ޵Ϣ͸¶һ
׿΢΢һЦǵȻַһֱͻɲһͻ⻢ٶ磡ҲǸＸ죬ϻ֣ϻǲѶԸٶ죬Ǳˡ
ַݼףʲʲôģ˼֪Ҳ˵ġ
׿а룬ζɵСӣôܸҶһôʱüɱǣʬ𼣣޻ǰﵺˣʱŲҲҵ¡


020 ˼
ҹǳɽҹΪԵ쳣ֲ
粻ʱ⡣һɫӰһϢһɽȥ
ɽһƬյ֮ϣΧȾƳ⣬ߴ˵ʲô
εεΡ
ʱ˵ߵľͬʱ
˴˾ߣ
ĵ𾢵ֹͣ죬ɫǳĽ׷Լװ
Ϊ׵ĵһ΢͵ԣ֮ϳһģĻ棬ǸŮӡûҲûװ
Ϊ׵ĵж֮һţȥţţڻһţĺŸҴӺΧˣ
ݼ˷ֳɣ棬ͺƣзǳ죬Щ˵ľķǳߣһŮӾȻȫԱķǳһҲѷɣͲ˵ǰں֮ڿȵģ
ɱܣôֻܼ£
һžеĳǹݼĽӽ
ݼ˹ʱһƣֱӡΡȥ
⵺Щ⣬ͣ½ŲûǰǰһͨѶİťӳŮѾ˹ȥ
ԶĶӳȲҪȥԷթĿ꼯С
˵֮󣬷׷ָݼݼΧȥ
Ⱦҡݼתͷ˫룬ɫ԰ףǳ
˿ݼò֮ʱǶݵһ£зˮǻǹָݼ
ţһơ
֮ŻĶݼơ
Ƭ̹һľ㵣Ʒǳأﱻ٣ϣλû뵽˻ţȻ˾µڷڹϣֻһͨˡ
ݼΣĵﱻ٣ϱ޷ۼҲ޷еΪݼֻ꣬ҪɢϢκ˼鲻ݼڻΪ
ݼΪг޾ÿ춼һСֵţֻҪþҲݼڡ
ţȥ
żûȴǽϣѾһˡ
ɱӳ
ʱŵӳŮֻһͨˣûκûκвŮô
ŵǰӳǻɡ
ŵӳɱ̫ϧˡ
ĺӳѾþľŮˡ
ӳݼɫԵĶƬ̣룬ðɣ֮˵סǾˣִǧҪɫԣ˴£
Žݼ֮УСڴϣݼǺñӣɫԵĿݼһ
ףԼϴûзԼǲܶŮ˵ģֳȥֵܺȾơ
ݼ´۲һ£֮ҵһذף͵͵ĲڱѣȻּװԡ
漸˼ȾƣƹѲʱӳǼȣȥѶһǸŮˣ
סղ˵ĴȻ˵ʲôҪɫԣǸʲô
ӳ˵Ŀ⣬Цʲôط˿һˣطҪʲôûʲôоƣͲˣŮˣٺ١İɣֵǣүȳʣȻÿֵܶзݡ
Լķݣһ󼤶ϴǺð
ӳ֮ڣ֮еݼԽԽɫĴĴ󷢣Щȵƣ¾ͳȥԼ·
ˣˡ
ӳƿݼϵıӣһЦȲݼ˹ȥ
˿̣Ͳ֪һ壡ҶԴһͨŮҲ
ڶӳ˷ܲѵʱеŮͻȻ͵۾ǰһԼĲ֮һȻһϢĸоֱϮ
Ŭͣ뺰ûнûг
ˢ
ţһӳͷѷɣ˴ϡ֮ǲʺͲš
ȫʬĿ
ݼĵذ׻ϹЦݼҪЩˣǺŵɱ
ݼ͵͵ߣַķ򼲳۶ȥ
εεΡ
ӹȾƵĵ˵ľ
Ǳ룡
΢͵ԣ֮ɫͱ䣬ǣǸŮˣ
ôܣǸŮ˺Ϊôܣ
ͬʱһپ²ֻԼĶӳѾ촦
˲ûж󾪻ţЩ˵ʶǳӲӲξһоףһսɳǳ£
ĵӳҾµĶӳһеˣ
ǣ٣
ݼǹ˾ߣ˵ˡŲźŵһʡ
ɽĺ׿źź֪ݼѾ֣Ǵһֵǣ壡
ӹݼѾͺ׿˻ϡ
ݼųĺ׿ҵѾɣڿˣ
׿ĿݼС㣬ôˣѵݼС㲻㶯֣
ϻҶֻҪǸҪȥȴ˵ЩСﻹҳ֣οҪ߱
׿ַ磬ֱˣԵΣСôôõһǿߵŮѣ
С㣬㲻ֵĻ˵ˣǳĲأС̧֣һѣ
׿ǸҪֺǴ㲻ôһᰵɱǰ
ַ֣ʦ˵ˣЩͼ߲֣οзѾɱˣʣ¼СආҲҪʦ㶯һֻϻҪɻڵ𣿣
׿ɫϣԷ֣Ҳûκΰ취ԼˣѾ˵˵ľߣϣܲ
׿ֵܺʣµ˴һʱɭǹֵ꣬ɱ𣬾֮СĴӴܣҹɾ
ַ籾Ҳսǻʱ


021 û
ݼַص˰
ݼɫЩ԰ףַ磬ҵľַˣ²ں˶ˣֻҪ죬ҵƾͻһЩҪɱˣǱüı
ʲôַһؼʱôܵӣ
ݼһֱַ̣˿̵ַֻôֲ顣
ȿȡ
ݼͻȻһѪ˳
ݼݼôˣ㲻Ҫҡ
ַŵһæݼ§ڻ㵽ôˣҡ
ַޱȽͼ飬ݼһůѾˣҪô
ݼЩĵûµģõ˿ڵ״̬˿϶ᱻȫɱ֮Ҫס׿ҪӲʩҪֲܱƵ̫Ƶ̫ĻǽǾˡ
׿ȻʮˣҽǸ˰Χ˵װȷǳʮӹ󣬺׿ѾˣԷĻǳң׿ߵ˸޷
Ȼ˵һǹе˲ߵģܲ͸ӵһһòֹͣɨţҹһСľе
׿ȷʵЩֵͣɭֵĻλսĿĵȻΪĵ˵ӵֻҪǾǵڣ
˵Ȼ֪һ㣬ΧһȦһͻƣÿҪͻƱԵݼͻ֣ȫǿסǵȥ·ֻǷȥ·ǱƻȥߣȴɱУ
ݼÿη֮һʹѪҺ˳źӿǣݼǿȥԲú׿͵˷Լ
ַվݼһµӣȴʹÿݼһΣܵ絶ֻվһʲôǻҪز¶Ц⡣
ݼʹֻ࣬ţ
ַʹҲ֮ĬĬţ
ֲַò
Ϊʲô
ʱĺ׿ݼֵĻԼߵˣˣݼԼսǺ׿ûа취֪ݼԼ͵˻ɱֻӲͷƤɱУ
ͻȻȥ˼ףҽкһŵ
˭Ҳû뵽ϰףȷɱĺ׿ֲԼΪߣܵĿ죡㱻ը
׿ȷʵֹ˵˵սһֱ治ɫɱУ˾Բһˣܹѵľˣ
ԼˣǶԷûһˣʲô°׿ޱȵı
źӳǵĵҩ꣡
¶ӳŵ֣ӲģܶɱǼ汳ľǣ
ڣǹʧ˽ǹڵϣɭַ·һ»ָƽ
׿ΧһĵЦǵڣǲѷɣ
˵ţ׿ʣµľ˰Χȥ˶ǳСǰš
ӳ÷ǳŵ׻ǸŮ˲ǶԸǣֻ˵ǸŮ˺ǲһģ˵ĶԲԣ
ô
ֻǱǸŮöѣɱңǸŮ˾ͻɱǣʱǸŮ˵ģ
׿һ㶣ԷǳĴ󣡶ݼԹ˵һ㣡
׿תͷԶݼ
ݼû˵׿һۣǽͷתһߵַ硣
ݼ˵ݼùĬĬѹԼƣһ˵¶ţ
ַԺ׿׿Щ֮Ĺϵѣ֮ҪľΣοЭ飡Ҫʦĵӣ㲻ʦ㣬ǲɱ䣬ȫɱҪף̫ԭأ֮½Ϊϣοʦ㣬ȥкùӳ𣿡
ַ绰䣬ݼϱֵƣֱź׿
ַӲǳǿƣ
׿ݼ֮һɵӣ෴ǳǲģŮ˵ݸԼﲻģҪǣŮôܵľͼ֮ɱ֣ҪɱԼˣͶˣ
׿ݼС㣬ǷģѣҲǵСݵλȻʳԡ
ɱ
˼ɣȶɱ˹
İϷˣ˵͵Ϯûе֣ߵֻ˰˶ѡ
ʮ壬һ
ŵѾɱۣһ飬Ұһ򵺹˳ȥ
תۼ䣬һ˹ˣͬǰһŵ˵
һŵۿҪնڵ£ǵͻȻܵһ谭΢΢ƫץסᣬֱӽնɱ֪ԼĵΪʲôƫ
ɱ֮˵ͬʱһѳĺû롭
һŵɱ֮ʱͻȻоȲһ飬΢΢±ץסᣬֱ룡
սһ֮ڽ˱ŵ˲̵ķʬŵҲȥ
ַѪȵĻ棬鼸ûʲô仯ַѪĳ嶯ѪҺǳ˷ܣ
ѵԼϲѪȣʮûзֶѣ
׿˵ˣǳĲ⣡ԼǸɱˣͲ˶٣ΪʲôԼ߻׿ͻȻʲôĿĶݼ
ûŵһжݼڰиĹݼץ˼ССʯӣ;⼸˵ȻΪ׿


022 
˫֮սУһ˵ʽ΢ƻЩ仯ɲǼ񶼻˲ɥ
׿Ȼ²⵽ʲôûκ֤ݣҲʲôŭ֣ԼҲˣ
׿ǸްԼŶԷᣬܺıԼȣӿʼʱһֱƶԷû뵽ԼһһС޵Ȧף
׿ǴˣһЦЩˣȫСĹͣĳлСˡ
ʱĺ׿ֻдѪ̣ˣҪл˼ң׿жˣ
ݼû˵ַĵǵȻʦɱԷ֣µ޳ˣǶҪЩɱǿЩ˵ľˣ
׿ǳ˳飬Եģˣ˵ǣô޳ܰ
룬ȷЦݣ˵ǵȻȻλǵľˡ
ַȻǵľˣҾͲ˵ʲô౨ˣССҪǰæ֣ô
׿֪ԼԷȦףֻӲͷƤꡣ
֣֪ʲô£ֻҪĳһǣ
ַ絭ĵͲˡҿǸˣѪȵģǸ޳ûľ·ߺϸϾͺˡ
׿ƵĿѪˣ̫޳ˣߵֻ£
׿֣֮ǰԼֻҪ˵ˣǾ͸ƾѰޡҲܸ㡣
ַһ»ˣ˵׿ǲǾҺ۸ǾǵǲôһССҪ㶼˵˵ʲôֵܣѣֵҰ㵱ֵܣȴ֧֧ᣬһϢ˵
׿пըˣǺ׿ٴҲҪţ˭۸˭Ҹ۸ô߿һְ
ҵֵܣѣ˵ôôȻԵģ׳Ҹǣɱô죡ǲ˵Էô죿
׿ֱӱˣҲǣҲǲǣ˿һ鶹ײ
ʱһֱûп˵ݼ쳣ı䣬һ˵ڶ
׿˱ѡ
ݼĻҪַĳƪǿˣһڣ׿Ǻ׿벻˿̵ݼǵƿ;
˵׿һǵľ
׿ףԷҪŹԼȻţҪɱԼĻ϶ɱûõģɴֱ˵һ
׿ÿ޳ֵʱߵɭֺǱߵһɽ壡һΣÿ죬޶һΣȻÿγֵĵص㶼ͬǶɽ֮ڡٶ죬ΧĻǳϤǵ˸׷ϣЩҲ׷ϡԣͶص㣬ȴ޵ĳ֡
ַԵ֣ƭҲİɣɽôԶɽܶͱڣ޷ߣ֪ɽֻ֮һͨ˵ɽ֣ôѵ˵ɽϵ޺ܶࣿǿ޴ΨһͨҡڵĴ
׿ɥæ˵ľʵֻһǵȷɽϳֹң޷ǳԣ֪Ҫץÿ֮󣬶ϷŪһȻƾٶȥ
ַ°Ͱ˼⣬ź׿ֲ˵ѣѵз֮
ݼַûѣƾƬ֮Ҳƶϳϸ
ʱݼĿź׿Աһ˵Ķ̷꣬㣬
ң̷ָԼıӣͳϴ
㣬ݼ˪
׿ŭ㣬ȥ
ЩΡΡߵݼߡ
ݼĿǰ꣬골Ҫҵ
ɶòݼĻ
ɣҵĴ֮ڣʶҪҵͺáģҶʹáѣɱ㡣
׿ŭʲôĻȥ
ݼĶʹãԼסԷȡ䣡Ǵ˿̵ݼƷʩչֻı취ʩչ
˰ݼָʾԼ꣬ݼ˳ĽĴԣ˳Ķȡļ䡣
һζι޳ûĻݼԺƬ֮ݼԺ׿ǲֻÿεһ޴Ĺ֮ͻʧ
׿ûÿ׷ܵͬһطǿŹ֮¾ͻʧӰ٣ǿΧǼˣûκεĲס
ȥ
ַݼҸվ˿ս左ҪϢһϣٳɡ
ݼַ֪絣ԼƣǴ˿̲Ϣʱ
ݼɱ˵ˣ˭֪ûкԮҪȣҵޣ뿪طϲߡ
ַӵϼ˵˵̽ǺƣԼװϡ
ҲЩַݼһףݼҪ
ݼú׿·һѴ𣬽˵ʬ崦ĸɸɾ
ݼ£˼ϸܣκκ󻼣
źҹʧɭÿǳ滢ǹһɨ䣬ҹɢǺһ㡣
Сʱÿʧĵص㡣
׿ƽʮ׷ΧյһƬͨùǳ޴˺ϱô֣֦Ҷ¡ϵɭĴǳĶ࣡Ϳʲôر֮Ψһر֮Źʮ׷Χ֮λûκֲ
϶йŹַ֣૵ĵ
ûݼǳϸļΧÿ֮֡϶⣡
ַǣҲڣ
ݼ΢΢ҡͷжϵûĻΧһ󷨸ֲһ󷨣Ҳ󷨵ķ
󷨣Ȼ


023 ľ
һȺΧתȦתȦͽȥˣ
˰˼ʱַĴðһǳ
ַȻһ˭
Զһţ߾裬Ĵããҹ
û˷ָʲô쳣
磬ôˣݼǳãĿַ硣
ûûô
ַҲ֪ôȥͣǴԼԺ﷢ģֻԼ
ַŬķԼļ䣬ͻȻԼҹη֮ԼˣȻĪĳɽ£֮ϵԼĴһʹһЦǣ
ݼ˾ս֮ʱԼĻָԼʶҲðһģ
ѵ
иҵһֱڰң
ʲôַʶش𣬿ûеõκεĴ𸴡
ַıǳĹ죬˶Ϊַ緢ʲô
ַ翴ֵĿ⣬æû£ʲôû֣ұôңѰҡ
׿аޣ϶ʲôǣ׿ַ綢ĽģַÿÿСϸڶŹ
ַа룬ȻϲңҾ㣡
ַݼ֣ȻݼʾԵĵ˵ͷΧŴתȦ
һȦһȦһȦȦȦʮȦ
ַݼ·תȫմǸ˵ȥȻַΪ˻׿ߣȫԼʲôԼת˼ȦҲֱ
׿Ҳ㲻ַʲô·ת׿ĶˣǷǳĶַ磬ҳʲô˿
׿ſţͻȻַݼˣ
ǵģĿ֮£ͻȻƾʧˣ
ӳǲˣ
׿״󷨵Ŀ϶ҪڴתȦַҵ󷨿İ취ⲻǣȻǵߣץסһˣ
ߵһ˵ӳô죿ǽȥˣɱô죡
仰˺׿һֱ׿ǵݼɱǣΪʲôûж֣ôõɱڵʱΪʲôҪװ˷ѣҪµԼ͵͵ߡбҪ
ǶǣΪʲôҪأ
׿ô붼벻ףͻȻǰһôֻһܣŮ˰ɱǸ֮ʱˣƷǳأԴɱ֮һֱ֣һֱװǻƣ
ݼȷˣ֣ܳȴǺ׿
׿뵽ﲪȻŭ޲ýַݼ˺ƬҧгݵŭǿܱˣˣҵָʾʼתȦ
ַݼٴγ֮ʱһƬɭɭ֮ڣһƬڣʱʱķһЩҹĹУвë
ַƹ۲ܵĻܶһƬһ˶ߵֲû·ҪǣԼݼվĵطûκֲ
ֻĹâ˵Ľ£ַĶ̵˵Ϻĳܿ죬һһ׷Բİͼ˵ߡ
ݼϸϸ۲ͼܾãȻ󵭵ĵǶû뵽ֵطܳôĴ󡣡
ַɲʲô󷨣ˣѵͨ񲻳ɣô󣬶һ֪ΧŴתȦ󷨣
ݼģ޿϶ͨ˵ֻմȾ˱ѡվĵط󷨵ĳڣԶάת衣ооҪŨܶࡣ
ַһ£ˡ
ݼֻҪվϣͻᱻͳȥ󷨻ԶǸ˵Ϣǿô¿϶һͬķ󣡶ǸǳڣİҪӳڽ뵽ȻҪ󷨵źͷֻҪߵڳȥˣҪ½뵽Ҫźͷ󷨣ȻԽ
ԭˣ󷨹Ȼ档֪ο󷨵ˣ޷ġҲ֮з󷨣˳ȥ
ݼָ߱ʲôѹһƬֲֲﱻѹô࣬޿϶Ǵģǿߡ
û·ϵĲݴ֮ʱʱðһЩ߶֮Ķ˷ʤҺ˶ߣֻͨˣû߼ͻ
һ·е˵̽ǣò˵̽ǵȷã޶ܲԳһ·оգҲûгʲôΣա
ݼǰû·ˡ
ͨ·˿Ѿһʱǰ£һȥһƬƣûб߼ʡ
ݼùַеƣѲһܵĻ磬ɽھӶ࣬޿϶ڸĶѨ֮ڣҪҵѨ׿˹ǾͲðˡ
ַЦİɣãʱΧǿϹתƣо춼֪ô
ݼҪС׿м˼ǻץʱ䣬СΪϡ
ĴѰµĺۼֲﶼѹ߿ήʯͷɽڶµƻ߶ϲ㣬˶ǰȥ졣ڹ򲻸ˣ΢΢֮ʱҵһѨ
ɽڷǳСϿһȻʯʯԱ߾̴ϸңѷɽλá
˶ûʲôΣ֮ݼַ첽붴ڣǳĿ׶ֱЩʪ߷ǳ谵ǸӰݼַĿ
ܸûκߣôй⣿ҹ߷ǳƽȡ췴Ȼ˶Ծ
СǰУʮ֮һ֮ԶԶģ洫һǳһ


024 ǿߵС
ӿŲ˵룬ΧĹԽԽ߷ǳ죬ԼƵģֻҪпռĵطйߵĴڣȥռԽԽֱѾ֮ɽһֱɽ֮С
ݼ߱߹۲ΧĻȻɽһλǿ߿۶ɣһλ´ǿΪ
ǰɣַ羪㵲ѣƾһ֮۳һ˾޴ɽǺεΪַ綼룬˵š
ݼһ仰ַҪԵϣһָǰΪĪҪ˵ɽɽʮ֮ھͿԲƽ
ݼͻȻͣסŲЩĵע⵽ڶڵĹûⲻͨĹŨʵʻĳ̶ȣûиоô
ַ缱æתһת֮£ռһ΢ʵʻĲΧĹγһļӿַڡ
ַһæֹͣ˹Ҫѭ򽥽óȻ·ǳϾ߻ħ
ܿ죬˻żȲȥ
˺ܿ͵ɽľͷϰƽ״󣬳ԲΣڹ⻬Ȼ˹ġߵһϻϻԶһѶĺǣȻϻԵʳ
ֻϻϻһĸϻԱߣĸϻ£һֻ۾ûĴɫСϻĸϻ໲顣ĸϻɿݵ鷿ˮСϻһĸϻһŵͷֺ졣
ϻаɫģַ羪֮࣬ЩΡ
ĸϻǳǲһ㣬ڵһֻһ˫۾Щ󣬳֮⣬а
ϻֻɨһַݼˣ˻һ㲻ᣬֻǵͷͷĸϻƤë
һ㶣ս׼ʲô״
ַݼ˵ĿⲢûϻܾͣãעĸϻɢһɫĹââռյͨ
һѵĽ⣬һ㾧Ө͸ǽĶϺ֮һһǿɢĴϻ
ݼϲȻǱû뵽ֵطı
뽣ĲԶһһСɽı
ݼַ翴۷ֱۻҡַǱ߲Ծ˿ˮ
ϹŶħڣ
ħ½ʧħ֮ì
Ǽ϶ʥħʦõġʥ·ȡ
ʥʯ
ǵ
ĸ̣

ݼоԼˣôôıмħ½ʧϹűкܶԼʶ챦
ַȻһﶼʶǾݼ󣺡ô౦
ۣηˡ
ķˣݼǷˡ
ЩóȥˣʮӶóˡ
ַоԼûô˷ܹ㵸ϲ񣬷һȥ
ԶĹϻ״ͺһһ˿£ӴĸϻСϻ档
ֱַһſڱɽ֮һ۵Ҹкͷйһĵļȷ
ַûиоκεҸУǡͨһ˸գֱˤıף
еıһ˲仯˷ĩڿռз׷
ݼţֱӴ͵
ϻתͷҲһƣҲ֪֮ǰҵɽʱӽѱԶķĽⶼữâԼϻˣԺ󣬹ϻپûпѽɽ
ַӵһùǼԼԭɽ֮󻹲һ߹Ǽܣ
ַһԵ˺ܿ컺һɽΪУᣡ
أô౦ȥˣݼأַ鶼ˣѵⶼǻþ
ݼŴ֮лңʲô֪ô챦һӾûˣôûˣ̫ϧˡ
жǳʧ䣬ͺͻȻ˲ƱϲʱͻȻյϢŪˡ
жôĴˣοЩ챦ֹ޿ɹ۵ľ
Ǽܿ϶ˣ
ַĻ䣬ݼĿҲǾ߰ɫĹǼܡ
ݼ߹ǼܾӨ񣬱ɢŵĹ󣬵û˿ˣΪض죡䣬ڰڲḯããҲضҸоһľһ㡭
ַЩɵ촽૵ĵôǼҲһǸŪ֣ҲһüǮ
ַ˵ţǼƶСǼ֮ȥ

ַֽӴǼܵһ˲䣬ͷһǼͬһ㻯ɻңʧ
ⲻ˼һĻٴηˣݼʹ룬Ҳ֪ô¡
ִַڳ޴룡
õǸ⣬õǸ⡭
ͻȻַʶ֮ƺһǳ˷ܵźҪַǸ⡣
Ǹַ粢ûо֡
㵽˭ôҵĴַʶӦš
ȱ˭ڷǳÿκ㹵ͨҪķǳбǸˣڼ䱻߻ħҲǱˣڽɢġõǸ⣬졭
ַ类⻰ŵȫеıǸˣҲ⺦ˣǸ
Ȼַ粻֪סԼļһⶫẦԼ
ַݼݼ𲻿ģﲻǻи𣿡
ݼĿ⿴Ǹ⣬ǳıţǳľıǵҲټǡ
ַ֪ݼʲôǱֻʧ
ַĵĵİɣ϶ʧģ
ݼͷֻϻȥϻݼӴסĸӣݼ໽š
ϻ϶ҥˣϻ˵Ҳַ֣ݼɽ֮󣬾һֱĸϻСϻǰĸϻСϻ
Ҳɱ㣬ֻҪǰѽѾ˲ҵĻӦɣݼϻ˵
ϻֻǳݼţͷĸϻתͷݼӷǳĽ
ݼ˵ҲٰޣԺлԵǧҲԽΪޡÿҪȻһɱ㡣
ַһΣǧꣿ


025 㵽ʲô
ϻѾ໽ţԽԽݼַ粻֪Ҫʲô
ַݼҾֻϻȰɣǻȿֻĸϻûоȡ
ݼԣ˵ͷĸϻϻݼͷгһеУǾǰ
ݼһĸϻ壬֮ҡҡͷֻĸϻаϣľգ˥ߣǱ壬ף԰Ҹоа˸̥ôʣһˣ
ϻҡͷָָСϻȻצ֮һָͷˣֻһ
ǰһϻһܶ𣿲Ǹһأַ粻ʵ
ݼƲַһۣȻĸϻ壬֮ɫ˱䣬ĿƶСϻϡݼһѰСϻץ˹塣ݼһ֮´һŵϴ
ôˣݼַʶݼûмݼʧ̬
Сĸ׵ĴѪԭֻĸϻа˸̥˸꣬˸ĸ׵ĶǿΪոӪǿԼǾͿʼɶԷǿǸʤˣɹ߸꣡߸֮󣬸оǾͼĸϵѪǣСϻ֮ĸ׾Ѿˡ
ַڶȫëоСϻǸħ
ݼ˿ַı飬ⲻֻܹСϻȻĹ򣬾ҪԷˮһҪ־͹ǸɡǸĸϻ̥ȫұȻùϻΪ˰ޣСϻһޡ
ַҡͷЦһѪ
ݼĸϻ״֮󣬵ֻĸϻȥһֱšǣھҲˡ
һ仰ϻ쳤Хһ˵ڿ֮дַݼͬʱо˹ϻ˵顣Щȥʹ࣬ᣬģ
ϻܵĸϻ͵Ǹ⣬ȻݼַĸǰȻ̧צָָСϻָݼַ磬Ȼһ໵Ľ˼
ַ²˼踧Сϻ
ݼûĸϻһСϻû̺ȣҲһ
ϻ˵ͷ֮ȫӵеĸ顣
ǰɣʲôЦһֻϻҿҲûʲôսҿ͵԰ɡַɴûϰߣһȥﻹһֻϻ
ַͻȻ۾һСϻǰɫģ϶ϡ֣ȥˣ϶üǮʱַ۷Ź⣬Ŀȫ̰ʮģ񲻷ˣ
ݼŭַ磬˵ʲôأгǮʲôСϻ裬ֻϻյķǳ࣬ĸ̥֮оյģľǳǿ߸꣬ǳǿճɳǳĿ£ޣѵ㲻ôõĻᣬô͵԰أ
ַ˵Խ޳ɳٶԽ㣬ɳҪꣿ
ݼٰϡ
ַ˫һ̯˷ۣһꣿһôôðɣ˵ҪˡûаϵԺĳסǧҡ
ݼûַ磬ǳĶŹϻ˵ͷϻгһ˿εĹâȻߵĸϻǰͷĸϻϵƤë˸飬Ȼͷ˿ݼеСϻŵ⣬һ˿ᡣȻǰɽײȥ

һѪԽɱţϻʬһ˵ϡ
ݼַʱڳ˲һֱ׹ϻҪʲôԭϻҪɱ
ĸϻϻѳ飡
ô˵һĻôһĻ
ϵϻĸǰǹϻѾûϢĸϻͷ˹ϻһۣȻûκʹ࣬ı۾
ݼеСϻ֪ʱѾ˵ϣڽǰ˯ˡǰһлȻ֪˶һĻˣǸǸж
ֻϻأһҪһȻѡɱͰһ𣡿ǿǵ࣬ڵᣬмĸ飡е˻ŮѾ͸ԷһеΪǮΪӣʱ̵ķǵΧ
ˣ绢Ҳôķ̣
˰ɡַǳĳأ׷ɱϻģͷȴϻжһҪһֻСϻ
ݼʲôû˵˿̵ҲǳĳءϻһȻһ򶴶ܿ죬һʯͷ¶䣬ֻϻʬ帲ǡ
ַСϻĿⶢŵĽ⡣
ⱻһʵʻţַÿӽһԼһĪȸԾСԼĳϵһ㡣
ַС֣ţǧʧǧ𡭡
ִַʱַһԾһַǳ˷ܼϲõȻַĸоⲢԼĸо
ɽһ˲ͱޱȣַо֮е˲ԼɲǼʧ֮˷ܺͼҲ֮
ݼæ嵽ַǰôˣ磿
ôıһȫˡ
ַݼһã˼⡣
ַ̾һǳɥĵⱾһλ˵ĶǻԵõЩ֮ɡ
硭ݼĵõЩǵΪҲ޷ʹãֻɱ֮ԣûеõҲһˣ
ַ֪ݼ˵ûǻҡͷԸҪˡ


ٺ١û뵽ôҵһڽˣٺ١ַ﷢һ񼤶˷ּӵĴЦ
ˣû뵽ĻԵôãһΪֻһһǴķϲġ
ַɫڣ㵽ʲô


026 
ַﴫһׯµҾǴ˵еϹŵһ
ţֹģȿȣԺɣô౦̫ǿˣҪˡ
㵽ʲô˵
֮ûַһΡ
СϻʱַļϣСַ࣬šоַʲôȫСϻȻķӦ
ȥȥȥһȥңַæСϻݼĻ˼ϵĿˮһ
СϻݼĻ໡ĽţǳϲݼҪַһ
ݼǻϢһʱ߰ɡ׿˴ҲһʱҲģ
š
ݼ̫ˣָһЩƣ׿˵Ļǳ鷳
ݼʼϢȻ޷ܽڵѹƵһĳ̶ȡ
ݼѹַݼųɽԭ·أķȥ
һ·֮ϣߴĻֲﲢûκѹĺۼ˴֮󣬴֮Ҳһĳ
ַתͷݼ׿˲ûйݼţȹȥ
磬׿ûйпҵѾѹ׿κβҵģ
ַа룬ΪҲ֪ôϢҸоϢǰ֮һ˸޷׵
ַ簵ģһҪ취κݼˡ
ǣһ̤˴󣬿ռһ󲻹ʧ
ٳ֮ʱ˷ָͲǰǿŹ֮󣡶ǵ֮ǰڵɽ壡˵λڵ˶ʮԶĵطһ׶ߵľʯ֮ϡ
ݼ룬Ȼ򣬡ԭˣһ˫޲Żɽ֮䣡
ȥ
ҹζ࣬ɽ
ַ˵ͷ
Сϻַǳᣬһ·ϣݼСϻͣĳַ໵ֱУȻ˫ۻȴַ֪ķλ
Сʱ֮ߵһϿ֮ڣϿȱͱڰΧֻһխͨԳȣ֮⣬ûб·ֻͨʮ׿׳ܶɽʯͱڣ·ߵӲݺɽѷ֮ð֮⣬ûκξ޴ֲ
һԶӭ
ַ૵ĵô̫ôе䡣
ݼɫ裬иֹˡ
ַȻûпӰǸоǰĹ֮һɵɱɢ
ַݼͣ½Ųݼȵʲôˣͷ¶β
ݼĻ䣬Զһ޴ʯͷ֮߳˶ˡ
ǰһ̷ŮˣǴķǳԣ̷һ¡Ǵ߸¡زһŮˣһӵгˣ
㣡ַݼˣͬ
㣡춥ǿߣߵϹҲŵĸǿҲ춥ǿߣ˳ӲߣһװȥЩײࡣ
ŵһֱûгޣԭãͬʱ֣Ƕڱصã
ַݼһֱðͽܣ
˿̸ǿ˫֮о䣬һֱĶݼİɫСè
ʶң㵹֣ݼַ磬˷ǳû
ַƽĵ񽣵㣬ǿ̫ԭصߣ˭˲֪˭˲
ȻַݼǴŵ֮п˵ϸϡ
ϹŸĪ΢Цĵŵˣ
ַһŮˣԷȻ̽ǵֱ룬ַݼʤ
ַɫԵЩ仯ȴ۵ס
ַôܳϣǲô
ַ˵һĺ֮࣬ǲŵˣҺʦСɽУʦ̫ԭԨԴʦҲǰɵţԣһĴ磬֪ˡ
һǳ϶ĵҪװˣǾŵˣ
ַƱ磬ǸŵˣΪһҧŵˣʲô֤ݣΪʲô㲻˵ŵˣ
ûлشַĻĿƳݼһŮһ֣ɣλС㡣
ûңѵǸǣݼףŮѾ˵˳Ѿ϶ٽƱҲûãɴϡ
һֱûиǡôƺ
ݼ
ĵݼСôͳ֣ǰ;Ͽҵķ緶ǺǣðɣҲɱǡݼС㣬㻳е޸Ұɡ
ݼЦɱǣΪǰ׳ҪޣԼðɣ
ɱ΢Цǳ嶯˵˲ɱͲɱҪɱǵĻǷ֣ͽնɱ
Աһֱû˵ĸǿźŶһǲֵģֻҪޣݼС㣬㻹ǽɡĳǵޣǾ͵ںսˣҪеϵʱֻɱˡ
ַݼǳԻ˵˷ǳľĺǸ˿϶֪ɽ֮Ϸ£Ϊʲôһҧŵأ
ΪҪôĴôõĻɱڣ
п϶è壬ƾַݼԴ벻
ӵģ˭Ҳߣ
ʱһŭȲ֪Ӻηռ䣬˶䷢顣ǳĹţ˵񵺹˵׻һ㡣
͸ǿɫȻһ䣬ͷ亹Ǻָܿƽ
ԣǿߵŭǳ͸ǿģ
ַһݼ֣˵ĺԮˣһǿߣ
ţм֮ðһɫһʿ˴֮˳
ʿƶŽŲһǿϢϱڳӭ
˵鶼ǳţĳʪ亹ա
ɫֲ̬Ĳ԰ףһ̫ʿרó


027 ûڿ㣬ҵˣ
㿴ŶʿΪ𾴵ĵ̫ԭ㣬ǰǣ
ʿݺݵĵ㣬Ϸǲ֪
Ϸǣɽϵĺյ۹˭ɱģ
º޹أ϶֪
ʿתַݼĿݼ϶ͣһһЩң˭ɱģ
ַ絹ǷǳʵĻش𣺡ŵɱġ
Ŷŵأ
ɽϣֻʣĸˣıǵɱˡ
ǵ˵ʬأ
ŵˡ
øţӵҲҶʿǳŭǳء
ʿַ磬Ҳƭңɽһת㣡
ǰ㡣
ʿĵȥ֮ǮٳǴŸˣ첻Լͷң
һģԼԼͷ˭Ȿ£㵹ҿ
˿ôһͷǳĴһ仰̫ԭ鳤ţЦôˣ
Ķڲƽһ飬λǰ仰һԸ֪Ǯ鳤ǰţҲǮ鳤ҪȻǮ鳤ΪҪ鿪սء
Ƕһͽܾͺã
һַݼ֪͸ǿŸᣡһǺյ۹᳤ܻԱ
ûлɶߵݣȻ˿ݼеޣвʵĶԶʿǰҲΪ޶Ȼž͸ǰˡ
ʿĵĿ㣬ң𣿲ҪϵȻɱ˶ᱦ
ŵǰһ鱦֮ǰȤĻϾʱ̿ͣһᾡ֮ꡣ
ʿŭ㣬˼ûб𣿻ҵıûǵĺãССҸûзٲҲɱǣ
ǰǡ͸ǿĶӡ
ôˣֵûУַ֪ˡ
ݼַǳ򵥣κλʿʽ磬ԺҪСˡ
ַεƲܷͣŹôǻԺô
ʿǰݼٺЦţ㻳޸ңȻߣҲɱǡ
ݼĵ߰ɣôΪҵǵһμ
㲻ôʿ۾ͺӥһ
ΪʲôҪ㣿ֻշġ
ʿ֪շģֻöѣϷ˶꣬ûޡһǰо⸽죬ǰѰû뵽Ǽ˸ˡֻҪ޸ңߣҾͷõġ
ݼ溮˪ƥǰΪЬʸҪ򣬾
ҲӲˣַҲŭƥҪҵŮˣûܣ
һƥһƥ򣬶ʿһºˡ
ҪҪҪҿмɫɱˣ
ַݼ˿Ҳûа취һ֣κεıƶ֮أ
ַݼս׼
ڤ粻飡㳢Ҹոɵġ
ʿ䣬һɺ̹ʧһ̣߳ݼһݼĺ̶ֱȥ
ݼС󣡡ַ翴ʿ֣һ
ǿݼһŲƣǳɵıܿһȻһ˵ȥ
һ̣Ǻʿԭʧݼһ˺ʿţʿʹĴһ
ݼЦԪ֡
ʿǳȣ㵵ĵô֪ΪʲôҵλãҵΪʲôʧЧ
ݼЦΪǰһȻΪϣҵľߵľλãкѣ
ʿֻ֪ߵΪʣҪװǻƣŪ飡ϷˣΪ춼ɣ
֮ܣ
ʿûʩչֱӾ󵶺ݼ潻սֻغϣݼͱɡ
ַǰȥ뱣ݼʿֻһֱַ֣ӳ˶ߵķݣڿһѪȻأ֪
˵ô֪ҵλãܲ׽ҵϢҵλãҵʧЧҪֹŪƭҡʿڲҪˣ֮£飡ǵĶر죬йƽ⣬ôжߵѣ
ݼЦûղ㣡ѾʧȥߵľһߣҲղҲգ߶Լ꣬㶮ǸĶֻҪת켣һ׽Ĺ켣׾֮£
ݼ˵ʵҸĪ⡣ǶʿˣȴΪݼŪã㲻˵ǰɣֻɱˡ
ûڿ㣡ҵĵ̣ҵˣʿ֮ʣʴһռΪ֮һ˶з飬һͿ־塣


028 ̬Сϻ
һߵַ类˹ַվ֮󣬷ԼؿһʹŶʿһԼͶ߹ǣ
ַ֪ɽˣˣԼôһΪʵ̫ˣһǿ߶һָͷԼ
ַպдǸ
ûڿ㣿̫ţˣĤݰַʿ˴Ĵָ
ʿַݺݵĵӽ÷һɣ÷ڿᣡպηˣһ
ʲô𣡡˵Ŀǳţ÷һɷŶ˵һ
÷һɲĵĵǻǰš
÷һʱĿĺ͸ղŵһĹ
ߣʦɽһӵ°֪ܽ𣡻䣬һεľ÷һɣ÷һɸͶұ۱͸Ѫֹ
÷һһֱڹ۲ܵĻǸҲ˵λá
÷һ쳣ݺݵĵݼһۣһʧ
ʱַҲһӰһ˹Ȱĳ֡
ַ翴ˣĪðһϤĸо
ҩ˰ɡ˽һнַ磬źɫĵҩ
лǰ
˵ĵǵóҩҩ
˵꣬ʩչһӰɲǼ䲻Ӱ
ݼоôַ罫ݼеļƣݼƿַ磬ַ顣
ݼַ飡ַԼ壬϶֪ԼѾ˲ȵĵزֻܻһˡ
û¡ֻһƣϢûˡô
ַһ̯˼߹ǣһѹˣϢʮ¾û¡
ݼ˵ͷɫ죬һѪ˳
ַһݼô˵ôأݼҩ
ַղŵĺˣ⾪̾û뵽ʦô
ǰãַճһλߣΪԼֺǺǵܵʦĵۣʦʦǰŪ
ַ粻ɵӦǶ˶ˣ
ݼһ㶣˵ǵʦ֣
ǰַڵʦվǸˣʦ֡Ȼ棬Ҳıˣװĺܺãղ֮󣬸ҩʱҿ֣ʦֳֻһļ룬ǹŵģҪǣֱһź룬һ뻹к룬Ҿ֪ˡ
ַĻݼοĵ˵ͷַ۲ǳ΢̫ˡ
ַ罫ݼٵԶ۶ȥСϻವһַļͷ
ֻСϻҲ˵֣ݼߵģַڶ𴲺󣬷СϻԼıյ˫ͻȻһĿַ硣
ַ翴Сϻᣬëַҧгݣֱץϻβͣ򿪴˴⡣
ǸնȥСϻ˽ַߣֱ˵ַĻͷַ
쵰ַֽСϻ˳ȥַܻĲУͽһͰøӸϡݼСϻȳġ
ڳԷʱСϻһϣַݼӣϷһɨ¾ͽһɨգҳԱ֮󻹴˸ãͺ˯ˡ
ַĺ޲ýСϻˣΪҪ̵ģ극ȥŲŪ̵ģû뵽һɶɶ֮һǲģ
ֹһ죬ţͷŴʮַֻֻ翴Сϻһ켦ëʱһˣַץһѲ˵Сϻ˹ȥСϻ̫ԣһܣһСèһ㣬ǳݣַں׷˰ͷô׷ϣ
ַ粻÷ˡ׷ɱַ죬ţıһǰϢ֮ʱСϻԹԵĶַǰһ޹Ŀַ硣
ַ糹׵ıСϻˣŭ죬ҧгݣݺݵָСϻԺٸЩ͵£һŹ㣡
СϻʱգĴ۾ĵ˵ͷǣڶ죬Ųһͷˡ
ַ翴Сϻһëʱַŭˣݼĵַ磬Сϻ϶ǺʬͷˣСϻˣ֪ŭַˣݼķһϡ
ǵڶϣСϻַݼ˳ԷʱԹԵַļͷϣգ۾ﶼǿˮһʱ䣬ַ·ˮϴˡ
쵹ǺܹŶ͸ġַϵķˣСϻȴҡҡͷƲ͡
ַףСϻǹԣǿϵķˣ
ǲǳ˼ֳֻһͷǲˣЩθˣˣˣϾ͹ҪװַÿСϻһӵ
Сϻǳίգգ۾۾ᣬһĿݼ
ɰСŮɱ֣ÿСϻʱݼľˡ̧ͷַСèǻСڻûһ´أ޷ֱǷǣɱ˼ֻһֻʵûʲô㿴ڿ϶ǶˣȥҵԵġ
СèƺȻݼģԷɡοСϻôһֱɫè䣬㵱˵˵һֻϻ˴¶š
ңȥҳԵģַȥһͷײַ綼֮ǵСһҳԵġ
˼޸֮СŮȥɽϴԣݼһ޹
磿޸֮찡Ǹְ㣡ַҿݼıôСϻôأһѣ
һԸ⣬Ůַ绹ǻհģǲַɲŭݼǸ֣
ַȥɽϴʮֻӻСһһپͳֻⷹǾˣ
ÿԻַͻᴷض㣡ַǣСϻֻԼ˯ʱСϻݼǱߣÿͻᷢСϻԼıԴַ֮ÿĵһ²۾ڴһë׵βͣץⶪȥ
һµļںܿ쵽ˣݼԽԽݼһֱַ磬ûַ緢֡
޵飬ַݼСèԪľ򵥻㱨
֪ԪСèʱ޿̵Ĳַ磬ҲֻСèʱַ縧


029 ơƵ
峿ǳ£ֵ
̫ԭҽƴѧſڣܳͣУ԰ſڣˡǰǸͷīĸװѧаԵУ԰ȥ
һԵѧˣ׷һߣЩõģֱӱ⼸Ƶڵأ۸ЩƨҷһȾܡ
˵֮УĽģжʼɵģмǺ޵ġ
ԶַݼÿһĻַȭͷյĿ죬ľֺаԵĵƦå
ַȥݼסַ磬ﲻƽѧУ㻹ΪƽǸ𣿲Ҫʲô鶼ϲͷӢǺãǲҪ޴ӢۣҪȻʲôʱ˲õ˶֪κʱ򣬱˲ǣǲҪֻ֣Ҫǵǣ˭жҪԷأ
ַһ֪Ƕˣ̫ԭ֮һĶųɹĶӣòҪǵң
֮ڣݼַҽƴѧе϶μģҶ̫ԭصĵΣ˿ڷֲָƣΪһɱֵϰߣÿһİĵطռϣطȫλĵ顣
˲ŵУ԰һһ㣬߲ʱƮĽʺ޵񡣶Щַоǳӣݼʲô¶ûȫЩ˵Ŀ⡣
Ǹ磬㿴ǱߡԶһķǳĻƷڶԱߵһ˵š
ͷǶˣһ׾żĸӣ˧˵ףϽ׳ҲʱһЩСŮĹˡ
ͷ˧Ʋݼһ֮ĿֱӳմĵһŮĶԱߵĻëе˺ëȥ£ҽ
ǵģǸ硣
Ȼ˶ԻǳԶȴݼַĶ
ݼַ磬鷳ˡ
˵ǲҪңǵңҴ
ݼһЦǾ鷳һЩɡ
˵ţݼɿ֣סַĸ첲
ַȻ㲻ҪҰɣ
οģֱַסݼݼﺬЦβûз
߶ЩĿ⣬ݼôַĸ첲һ죬·ϵ۾ˡһʻţϣ
ַһĸӣҲеߣҲֲݣҲһ㣬ǺͿȫȺ֮ҲһˣȴһòɵŮκ˶ܲˣ
ͷпܵһĻǺݺݵĳ鶯¡
ټһԷŶ
ټ
ַԼĽңݼ¥ͼݡ
ݼ⣬Ѿ㶨ĻҲţͷ塣ƫԶСɽ壬ûģ飬Ҳ鲻ʲôݼҲ⻨ǮŪҽƴѧͼݵĹԱĹҲһְ׵
ַ֮󣬷ֽѾʮˣе죬е˶ֻ
ַ߽ң漸˵Ŀ⿴˹
ǲǷƶż񣡡
ûѧһ¼١
û뵽һడҾˣҪ׷
ҵĵһҪ
ַ֮ǶôŮĻ󣬲Եڵء
ַһţһڵλá
˵㣬Ͽ𣬽һƬƬ֮һߴӰӽ˽˵ĿڽɨһȦһŵַϡĿ֮һ˿Ϊ˾Ĳ죬ƿĿ⡣
⣿ôﶼ˵Լæ춼аɱʲôʱʦˣôַ֪ŵϴ󣬲ܿлָƽ
ҺãǰһͬѧҸҽʶһ¡
ԱýˣǶʶ
ƽ
ڿַ꣬ȥ˲ʱȵԱߣëĸ׳ַıӰʲô
ë˵ղСӿûϴжҪȥĸȥúõĽѵһ١
һֽеİɣë磬֤֪ʺ͵𡣡
Ҳ֪ơƵ𡣡һڸš
Ҫ֪ΪʲôҪ죡
Ҫ֪һһʱ벻ˡ
ëһͷϺݺݵһ£ϻˣȥ£ˣٲǵġ
ĸ˺쵽һǳõĲһ㣬βַ߽˲ĸζ벻ǵһһʹַĶڡ
μϲ˻ģ˵Ľϲڵ˵˼ۣȻЩ˶ӣַֻһ棬ȥ˶֪˰Ҫ۸ˣ֪ĸùײǹڡ
ַװʲô¶֪˽֮󣬽ַΧм䣬ַʱںСꡣ
ιСӣǽַ硣һëһַת־⣬ųëһˮ˳ë
ëһУæȥ˸ϽԶԶģණ䵽Լϡ
ַÿӣųëЦơƵôǲǺˬҪҪ㣿
ëǰ˵ַ糢ơƵǸˡ
ģë༸ŭֵǣϣ


030 
ͬʱַַ粻һߣĸ˶ַûавַһŽë߷ɣɲҺŪԼϡëߵǽǣŶ۴Уˡ
ַҿȭǷŵ֮˳ץһͷֱ͵֮ȥ

һԴ׺˸ܽӴֱӿһ컨ʺɫĻ佦һǽַּзִ磬ֻǽͷƣѪѣδҪ
һץס죬Ѫĵǲղ˵Ҫ֪Ϊʲô죿֪˰ɣ
֪ˣ֪ˣŹҰɣŹҰɣ֪ˣҲġϴּǽϵľϣԼѪŵѾˡ
һ߸Ҵţַһһߡôһˤ˸߻أˡ
㣬ַָָһߵһ
еĴӵսսߵַǰɥָ磬үҴˣҲӦ鷳дͲҪСܼƽˣԺүʲôʱϣСܱ֤Ϊ׵
ַаһЦղŲ˵Ҫ֪ʺ͵𣿣
һӺˣǰλֵܣһѾᵽơƵһҲǸܵ˻Ϊʲô죬ѵԼʺ͵𣿣ֻһ룬͸оһθ
ֱŵĹ˵ϣסַȣ޵үĴˣͷŹҰɣֻҸƻֻТˣҰɡ˵ţ£ʮֵĸˡ
ַӹֻµȴһĻȣһĨƵóѵЦЩȫַ
׵ľˣַֻץֻͷȥģݺңֻȻĸ˵㣬ʱ˵һ£ĥѱ棡
ݺңݺҡַݺͷ߰£ֱֻĳһأַͣ֡
ͷѪȻַĳֺзִ磬ֻȽϿֲѡ
ַ翴صֻƬĵүãͲʺˣʺˣѧУҲͻ첻ȥˣԱүģ
ַͣΪַҪŹԼǸϽĵлллүллү
ַ޳ܵĵŶлҲӦõģҿǸˡ㿴һصֻƬɨҲǳ鷳֪ûгԱͰ˰ɣסһʣ
һ˫۾ֱӱˣַ׺ݵĿ⣬ϵһϿǣԸԵĿ
ַһƽŵˣֵܵ³ѾˣƽһæЦţүҵʱʲôû˵͸̧֣ҰɡүСİмƯ椣ȷѧˣСĽܸʶʶԶһһĻɫ
ַ絭ĴĻýţҲûҪ㣬㣬߶߲ȥˡҴˣСĵ㣬ˣַˡ
ַ粻ˣﳤȥ
ѧַ粦ͨݼĵ绰ԼȥѧУʳóԷʳ˷ǳ࣬˽ʱݼ˵Ŀ⣬ǶĿַ硣
ݼ󡣡ַһЦ
ŶӣʱһͷݼǰЦãݼС㣬ҽжˣŶӵĻ
˵ʵͷЦһ⣬ǳˣҲǳдԣЩŮɱ֡಻˽˵ŮͶȵĿ⡣˵Ŀⶼߣ˲䣬ӵʳﰲࡣЩ꼶ѧݼַͶͬĿ⡣
ݼЦЦðҴһɡ
ͷƲַһۣõġ
ѧУĲΪѧͽҲѧʮڣѧҪŶӴ򷹡ʦԵ˷ǳ٣϶Ŷӣʱͷݼַ˽ʦ
ڹͷнʦԷû˾쳣ͷ˳Ĵ극ֽݼ
ллݼǳĿ
һлַ翴ǻҪ
ΧһԷݼ˿̷ָӵĵطԷݼĿ⣬ӶֻǴڵĳԷ
ôݼСʶʦͷʵ
ݼʶֻǼ
ͷеĿһֱݼ϶ţѧУĹԱ࣬ҪɣҰسǿһҹ˾ȥҰֵĹ˾ϰ࣬ʾ
ߴ˧ǮŮеˡ
ݼһЦǳô𣿣


031 ѵĹ
ݼֱ̫ˣֱӵö˲֪ôȥشˡ
㻰أǲңݼ治ɫơ
һ¸ҭסˣǰŮֻҪԼеģտʼʱ򣬶Լǰǳ֣ƾԼòͼеĲƲЩŮ˶ֵ
ǽŮ˷ǳر
ƽһ飬ǵģ׷㣬ҵŮѡ
ݼ˵ַ̲סˣֱĵ˼ѡŮѣȹһء
ַ֪ݼȫӦˣѿΪһˣԼŮˣʱ򲻳ͷںʱ
û˵ԱߵĻëСӣҲԼԼʲôݼСϴô˧ôǮݼСһɲŮò
ë确˰ʧֵ鱻˴һ٣ǳãϴץס
ַҪͻȻڵԽŭʱҪԽƽַȷʵƽûзŭϴŵ΢ЦȻ͵Ķϵӣֱëͷȥ
ëһӱӵ£Ȼ˹ȥ
ַ΢Цţû˿ı仯ûûС˵ֻϹʲô
Ȼַ£תͷԶЦˣֻĹҰѵˣһϲ˵ġ
ַֺзִ磬Ͼǹϣô˿ţֻǽëΣ⿴ۣͷûһ˺ۡ
˸û뵽һԼǰԼˣʹԼʲô
̣ȭͷյı죬ǽʦڹǲֵܶģΪѧУİ̫ˣٷһ£ϰ֪ϰֿ϶ҪݺݵĽѵ˽°УǾ㲻ڹ϶֣Ա߻ʮʦšȫУʦǰŹ˲ҡ
ԷʦҪԷվ⼸ʦ˵ЩʲôЩʦصԼϳԷʲô¶û
ˣѧУʦʮа˾ŶչԼǮģôӲ
ιϳȥͷָָŶӳԷļˡ°ĭĻë˳ȥ
˿ַ磬һЦǽַɣˣﶯֽ˴ΣҪأҪ˵׳أ͵űϢɡ
ңַ粻мĵûǸ£
ƣҪ㵥Ҳ򳡣ʱҪ˵
ַааһЦðȻҪҾͳȫ㡣
ҧгݡôַ綯֣Ͼſѧһ£ôĿŵ۸ԼӰҲãѧУҲѹƣǶȴַ֣ܲĸֵܣֶַμ񶾣򣬳ֻͷƣ˶ȥҽԺǸʱû£һڿεʱʹȥȥҽһ飬θѪҲȥҽԺ˰ＯסԺ⻹Ǵûгֹ顣
Ȼĸ˻㱨˵ʱ򣬿϶дˮݣǾˮٴļȴһʵôֵڿѧһͱһˣϴٲΪֵܳͷôµֵܶĺģ
ţòǮֻҪУĸŮӶԼġ
ǵģǮᣬֻҪȨƣټ˧һŮ˵ĵֵסջģǣݼһŮӣ
ջˮԹƯŮˣ֮
һ棬ȫˡҶôʦǰַ£ȴһֻ֣Ʋ˺ݻҪַ
ԽԽڴѧ꣬˭Ҷˣ˴ĵϴ֮⣬У԰û¹κһˣַ磬ֻһССûʲôȻڿѧһ칫ȻԼԿԼȻˣǶô޷ܵģ
һùǸˣĳ˱ӵˡ
ǸɱɱҲðǶ꼶Ķ֡
˵ǸΪһŮˣ
ǸĴδܲΪŮˣǼһǸ۲۵ɫǣ
꣬С㡭
һʱ䣬һ꼶ַս꼶ϴ˵ϢϯУ԰ϵУµɨص๤֪顣
ַȥϿεʱһ·ˣָָ㣬˽֮󣬱µĽһӱѻȸ˵ĿⶼַϡַǳȻԼλ֮ϣ˵ĿӶ
ģսңôսˣϢôô죬϶Ƕ˷ųϢңȫУʦǰˣߺߣʱ˵˭
ַڸϿβãʦһ绰ַȥУ칫һˡ
ģ϶Ƕ˸Ĺ
У칫ſڣַһš

ַŶַģһǳʵŮԣŨĶ̷ںڷ⡣۽Լɼļβƣ۾ﻹ͸¶һɡ
ڰ칫ǰŵԣôż̡
УĿԱߵɳϿ˿


032 ȥΪʦ
ַǰУУϵʮַ꣬ǰŮʮꡣ
ϵͷĹַһᣬȻеϣַ磬ʮ꣬ţͷţģĸһҾǳƶСѧУÿοʼɼȫȫ֣бҵ󣬸߿ȫѧУ͵ŵٴѧѧȫ⣬ûȥԼȴѡҽƴѧ
ϵַĵϴӵеһ飬ַ漸仰ʱޱȣѧУŵٴѧѧУʲôʱˣ͵˼ǣÿѧѲԼͣǹģУȴ˵ֻڸģ
һԼı˶ˣһǣԺ˵ԵΣ˭ںĹӲһ
ַѹסеŭƽУУЩ޷ǾңҵĺûκεͶΪһǳֺõ¡
ϵһ㶣̸һܴѧϰôãΪʲôȥŵٴѧأǰ;ġȻԼԭҲʡѧУ飬ҲԸõѧϰİѧҵַ簡һ¼٣յѧУô˶أ㻹ڽҲôʦ潫һλͬѧΣô
ַЦЦУô罫˵ĸ´ȫסԺˣѵ㲻֪
ַһƽӣһѲ˵鶶˳ϵͷˡ
ַ磬ֻ֪װ֪ѣѧУһС͵ᣬЩ£Ҷˣ˭Ҳ˵Ϊ˵˭ûкôֻҪֵĲ󣬻û˷Ӧȫѹȥģµȷ̫ˡ
𣿡ַЦĸ˴ңûдɣҴһ١ڳԷʱϷŮѣҲŮˣ㱻˵ϷϹӲ𣿶»ëңҲҴ˭УûҪҵĻʹɣѧУֱӿ㿴Űͺˡ
㡭ʲô̬ȣϵĲС
ǿַСѧҵǳĳɫ˲ǲίسһѧģںòץסһţϵ϶Ҫץġ
ϵַַһ£ַ˵ǸԼУݸʩһѹôȥˣַӽڣ仰˵ôǿӲ˼ǣҴģ㿴Ű죬Ҫң㣡¸ϵ֪룬²̨ˡ
ַ翴ϵɫ࣬зǳ֣ҸǸѹңҵǮѹңôѹס
ַһС˵־ӣȫԼѧҵһ¡ϵֱû취ˣɲַܳ緢ַ֮ǰϵ룬һ˼ҵĺӣʩӵѹЭˣܺð죬ϵû뵽ǣһǸǳѲĽɫֲ˶Ҷ
Ǹϵַ簡СѧҵһֱôãΪ˺ͶôһС¶ѧҵ϶òʧʮ꺮ôŬɾͰ׷ˣҪıˣôͻڴһܱʣܵҲһıĵ֮С룬Ǯᣬѧˣȥ֮еѧҸңͲãѵΪ˽ôһС»һ𣿺οļﻹһ裬ôĹ飬㳤ɲţͷأ㲻һΪĸ׵𡭡
סڣַһŭˣȥˡ
ϵ̫ˣ˵ĻסַȻĵطԼСԸǺúö飬ͷءԼ裬ַںˣַ粻ôĵġַƴҲҪϺӡȻַǮˣǮַԼŬ׬ģ
ַͲ֪Լĸһλߣһһǿߣ
ַ磬侲һЩ㻹ҵĻֻҪҿԸõѧϰ㰲õʦϿΣ֤Ϊҽƴѧʷѧ
вӲĲɣջֶΣַûݼ֮ǰΪУĴΪԼءڵַ磬ǰǸַ磬ݼɱֿγ̵ѵ֮£ַϸ緢ȻȲݼҲ֪ʶҲѧ߰˷ˡ
ûеڱ£ַ統ȻϵԼѧУϵĿģںԼѧУһȫεѧپĳַμϼҼ߹ʼıȵȣһΣϵͿԻˡн֣ٷƣԺĲ·ͨӿ϶ͺùˡ
һַ֪ģַͽҽƴѧһϢͨŵϢఢ̵֣סַмˣǸʲôģַ綼һ
Ҫô
ַҲ֪ϵԼѧУ϶Ƕ˸ϵʩӵѹܴҪȻϵͰƽˣԼˡ
ϵһˣұ֤ԺҲ鷳
ַȻʧЦԭˣ˼УҰ첻
Ҳ̫ûˣȻѧҴȭУ޳ܣȻͶ˵ͬı
ϵЩεĵֵķǳôֵܣ²̨һܽĸ°ƽ϶һֶΣҲûʮֵİմӮ㡣ҺˣֻҪˣһӣΪġοһһϴҲ㶪ˣ˵ô
ôֱַӾܾҲģ
ϵˣôôǿأַ磬Ҳ㣬˶ʮһҪƽ£ǮҶˣڲƽҾͿ㣡
ϵڱַƼˣ˵ơ
ͿҰɣûʲôַͨˣԼǸߣ׬Ǯѧ֮ҹҲ׬Ǯ𣿲һֻҪǮϺõӣǮһ
ϵļˣַ磬˵˵ϰַǳǮҺͽֵĳЩ쵼ϵǳĺãǳҲǱƲѲôҪʮһһ룬ҷʮ򣡡
ϵţʮܴģôôǮ˼ҵĺȱľǮ
ַϲǮΪǮԼģ
ַɫǳƽЩǮҲҪģҪ׬ǮҲƾԼԼֶΣҪˣټ𾴵Уҧرء
ַߺʣϵһڰ칫ץ


033 ʶĸ
ʮַ֣ݼ׼ʱɽ˺Χˮйͨ
ѧУĹ涨ǲܵģǴߣһɿѪգ޷ֹУΪֹ¼ѧܵģȴһĴд衱
ѧУһѧд賡أڳ̫Сڣÿιۿд衱Ĺ̫࣬ɲ£ԣģԳؾͻ򳡣ǳ󣬾ȫУʦǰۿԵӵ
򳡾ѧУﰵΪѧרŵṩĴܳѧǶЩˣһûÿѧУﶼһﲻҵˣЩ˻϶һЩбˣƾԼĺǿӲѧУΪѧУ϶ЩѧУΪǲԾרΪѧṩһҳǰɣǾȥսɣȫУʦ㣬㻹ʲô
ȻѧУı࣬ǶǹģҲʲô⣬ѧˬˣУҲѹȫ
ѾڳȺʱºڿ㣬ɱڣվڳ룬һʢ˵սһ㡣
ַſǣ΢Цʮ㣬߽룬ʮԶĵطͣ
ϿСַԲǸߴͶ˵Ķ֣ȻĹڶôΪ
˿˿ʱ䣬ĿĶַ磬Цպ㣬һΪ㲻ء
ַ˼ɤӣɤŸǱɣѧҴȭ㣬Ҹ㣬ˣ죬Ҫ֪³
Щڳÿ˵Ķףַ类Ͼ·ˡ
˴Цţ仰Ӧ˵ɣһϿΣҪˣҵ³
ַ֪ѾܾУ
ַЦſŶˣȻֳɤŴеˣʮ꣬ϴٴǰǴϴʮһˣϵСɵ̰ߵıȽϽسʮжӣְֽжųɹس￪ҵ˾ʲǧ򡣶㣬ˣʮһʱһͬѧСʮʱ꣬һͱһڿꡣϴѧ֮ƽʱѧУ޶רŹŪСŮŮʮ˸һСŮΪɱеĻ£ΪǮְֻǮƽ¡˵Ķ𣿡
ңѧҪԺҲѧУȥҽӶ⣡
ַŴڳ˶ʵЩ´󲿷ѧУĸ꼶ѧ֪ȴûַ֪ôϸѧУΪǸʵŪŮҲŪʮ˸Ůﵽ˵Ķͱˡ
ĻǸ𣿼ֱһޣ
һŮΪɱСʱ£Щ羪κһȺ֮дЩԶĴ氮ĽͻŮһЩɫˢһ°ˡٷ֮ʮ˶аǸޡȻһЩΪˣʵ
ɫ࣬ѽѣСôҵô״Ϣ
˵ɫ쳣ѿȻɳϵĶУСӣ˵˵ҶȻѧУЩ˵Щ޳ܵһ
𣿲ҳǰɣҲûǸӳϣˣСүҲƽЩ£һ˺һʲôüƽϵġϾЩһϵûУֻǺĵһǣһ꼶ŮǿĿѣַȻȫսʤ˶ˡ
˿ַ磬оԷб˲ģȻַˣȻſµʱ򣬺ٺ٣ôţ
һϻ˵ȻսңǾɣ
ַЦˣս㣿Цˣ㿴ҵŮѣҲ磬ôսˣֻѧУҸһ죬زģʶĸУеûȥսһϴûԴҩɣ
㡭
˱˵Сӣ˵棬֮⻹ȭͷɣҪŮһģɣ
ĻǸǲκŮĵģ˵ôŮӣһŮΪɱ㻹˵ԼǸˣҿ磡
ַ仰˵еŮӵǲŮĵģ
ַ磬ˣ
ŭģȫ𣬹žž죬ַ磬Ҫ㣡
ַһЦðСүãУ
˵沿һ鶯ȻѾʧôֻȭͷ֮һˣȻô˵ķŹСӣ
һµڣҪģˣŮѷ֣
ַڴӦðأ
һ䣿֮ھͿ԰ſ£ģСַ磬ȻĸıַˣǶ˻ǷǳĽַܣУַȭΪ˱֤һʧѣ˵˼ǺϸܵģԼǰնѣǱû򵽣ôֻԼִ£
˽첻䣡ˣôѧУҲ̧ͷˣϴ϶ҲˣԶ˱ʤ
ðɣȻôţôˣʮôַȱǮʮ򣬾ͿسһײĵԪǮɸ裬ԼӮģȻסȥúõܡ
ȻһʲôȱǴȱǮʮʮ򣡳ְɣ
ַӣһĨæĬȻĵ˵оСҲ˵нҴſǲǣǧҪʳ԰
˴ŭڳԣȻҾͳȫ㣡
ԣΪַ̾Ϣʹ򲻹˼ң˵˵˼УԴ¿𣿣ݼ⣬ûΪַӮ
Ǹʤ
Ǹʤ
Ǹ磬ˣ


034 Ҳɱ㣡
Χ˸˼ûһ˸ַַյһ±ѹȥ
ؼַǵһѧѧУûκѣҲûκ˭ͣЩʶַַͣһˣΪ˵жô죿٣ԺѧУô죿
˵Ŀַ磬ߣҶﶼҵˣ
ݼ״ٵַܵǰַһЦȻַһڣٵˡ
ַȻݼͻȻϮɵַϲһ죬ݼһ򶼺ܱ𣿶ǵżȫУʦԼַһԺС
ȫУû֧ңݼԶվһߵģ
ݼƽʱַԼڲ֮ͬսԼսȻҪ
ÿɰŶȻ졣ϲˡҸ͡
ַʤСŮ˵ֱӴ˳
϶ǸأôټҲϲҲͣŮ϶ûмС
ҿַǸ˧ˣԽԽ˧Ҳͣ
ƾղ˵Ǿ仰ǲŮĵģҸͣ
ݣ㿴ôŮַˣЩүǸɶģ캰
һߴַϾǰģǶѧôܿԼѧ۸أ򲻹ҲҪΪͣ
ַƽƽʱǶ٣ǻŸַͣ
ߣ꼶ѧͻ۸һѧһҪŽ
ַʤ
ַʤ
һʱ䣬˫˶ַ͵ģΪһ꼶˼͵ģΪ꼶ѧΪ˵̫ܶ˶ԸΪͣǺܿ죬ַļܿǹ˶ˡ󣬺ַʤԽԽֶ֧࣬˵ȴԽԽ١


һغϣϰˣڶغϣϰˡôΨһѡ񣬾ǵغϣ
˿ǰʽŭѡʧٲ֣ȴʱ
˷һ㣬ȭͷҵĹַ˹ȥ
Ŷ˵Ķƣַţһ
һɢĶθ֣ǳõƣһεĸҲܴſ¡ԵһͨˣԷ˻֧ȥǣַ磬һߣôעߣ
ԶǿƵһȭַֻǽͷһƫֻ˵ȭͷźַĶ߷ɹûַ硣
ȭ
ͻȻһɸͣƣ˫۵ļȻֱֱ֮ͣѪɼѾȫ˫ۣը˫ۡ
˽ľ룬ô㣡
˸ַ紭ϢĻᣬһЦֱλȭȭµѾ಻ʤһٽַ¡
Զ˵ĹַһЦղŵٶţڵٶȻһ㣬ֻڹٶȡһһǰʹͽ͵ģֻҪĶһ£ֻϾͻᱻ
˵ȭȷʵЩһͨȭ϶ᱻ򵹡ַСϷһٳҵĹַȫӶַֻǽԵתǳ˶˵֮⡣˷ԼȭͷѾַգԤַѪĺȴûгַ֣һʧԼȭȫգڶ˴˿ȭҵĹƲסǰȥֱ˸ʺ˵ϡַĽ¡
˸ӵַ̧ҽţһźݺݵĲڶ˵֮ϣ͵˸ܽӴʹķǳ̵ľʹˣȴ޷ӿַĽš
ȫУʦ棬˱˲ڽ£һĻ˵۾ۿڳˣƳݼ֮⣬ûַӮֻغϣ˾ͱַƷһ̫⣡
ˣλðһĻ̫̼ˣӰ֮еĸһ㣬һоͽأֳͻȻһƬžšڶݵļž󣬻֮޾Ŀ
ַ磬ַ磬ַ硭
ַ磬Ұ㡭
ַ磬ð
ַ磬Զ֧㡭
磬һ꼶ϴɡ
ַ֧ȫһ˽ӹһˣߵ˸ңһӡ
ַ翴ȫΪԼЩѧԼֳݺͳȵַоޱȵԺַѧΪ˽ѵЩå죬ڽһ˽£ַܲ
鶼ˣԼҽƴѧôͷô죬ȴһһ꼶С˽£ԺѧУô죡ѵҶԺβˣ
ҧгݣѽѣиŭ졣
ô֪ҵĺ˰ɣ㻹䣿뷴ַڶ˵Ķ
㲻˵лûеһû䡣˽Ʊš
ҼǵҴȭôлûǲǲײĲ᣿Ļڲɱ㣡ַҲ㲻Ϊʲô˵ɱĻ仰Լʶ˵ڵģԼı⡣ͻȻ֮䣬ַʶ֮һѪĳ嶯һŽͷ­飡
ַһɷִڲͣĺɱɱ


035 ôץ
ַͻȻоʶЩԺ֮дһĺ⣬ЩӲҪʧȥһ㡣
˸ַǹͻȻֵıϢ޸쳣аʲô񣬺ڶȫ۰ףۿ֮ȫһƬڣһڶһ㣬Ҫɣ
ˣҽƴѧ绽Ķĺˣţǰˣô˻᲻ƺԥɱԼ
䣬䣬ң˸оһ̹ǵĺֱϮĵףɺ·궼Ϊ֮
ַ磬ôˣԶݼоַЩԣæ˹
Ŷû¡ַתͷݼһ̣ϵɱ˲ʧʶҲ˲˹
ղǸ
ַһŽ߷ɣɣǵʮңҼǮҪ
˱ŶڵֱУַ統Ȼûֻ֣ǵĿѨ˫ʧȥжȻ޶ѡЧ˳̶ȣ϶Ȱ˻á
һһֽֿУʱڵϷʱվȴֵȥ¹ȥôסҲס˿ɶˡ˾ˣһʲô䲻ģ˻һСһޣڵˣƤ
ɵˣ˵ҲˣΪ̫ûˣǿɲһϴȥˣ
߹ˣֻʣ¶һ򳡼ݣֱСʱ֮űϣȻϹŶ񶾵ĺ뿪򳡡
ҹ㣬һ¾ư֮ڣصŮԻƵ˸·Ť壬޵Ĵ̼ͷйеѹ֡߻ӣʲô˶УƷԳΪĴʡҲ̫ԭСľݵ㡣
һ谵Ľڣһɫ԰׵ĹͷһĲײĻëھپ
磬϶ôˣ
磬ô
͹˼ھͣŭ˫۳Ѫ˿ַ粻򵥣Ȼ͵ҵݣ˵ôϸȻôܴôʲȥѽͷ֮ޣ
ʱһ˹ӣ˶˵Ķ档
̧ͷ˵˾䣬̸磬ˡ
е˦˦¶ףɫ԰׵Ŀ£Ҳһĵ̴һֱб˶һ˫׺ݵۣȥĿĶһЦǺһ㡣
ë̵һƣ̺һСڵǸ磬ʲô˵ˣ˵ʲô¶ֵϡ
ǡ̰ϴҲǸһȺСɵİɣҲͶʮˣͶߵķǳĽ£óĻһ㶼ɵ̰˳֪˼ǮȻÿΰ¶ٲһʣԶ˸̴绰󣬵һŽϵŮ´ȥȲĸ˹
óƬϣƵ˵̵ǰ̸磬ڰһ£ȥ˵ݣҪǳϸϣϲʲôɫڿ㶼Ҫҵ
ڿ㣿ЩѪĳ嶯
̿ƬһŮĳôƯ֪ʲô¡
Ŷ˷ŭ飬ʵѵ˺ͷǸҲҶ
΢侲һ£εĵеĽַ磬ŮĽݼеѧУһ꼶ѧŮѧУͼԱȥǵĵˣɽһˡеĺܴ򣡡
ŭģ϶ɽûмˣ˭֪̫ԭضǸ磡
˵ҪСַ磬һнƷˣ㻹Сһ㡣
ȻһУ
ǵģһУ
ǮҪʱ򣬶á̰ֵ̽һ£ԵĻһĨӵơ
̿Ŷҧгݵı飬ϵŮƬ㲻ôܰѶ˱ƵزȻֻǮµģȻԭ򣬷£˿š
˼Ƿĵҿš
룬ɱˣɴûиɹᣬֻܻ쵽ǮͺãֻҪˣܶǮԽɱˣ鷳ˡȻǮǲΪǮȥɱˡȻ֪˼Ǯ˼ѹ𣿣
˿ŵԥ飬ôˣ̸磬㲻£ҵţҰˣҽһ˴Уû𣿻һŮһˣô˦˦Ƶû취Ҵ¥ˣǸŮɱˣҲǺúõʲô
̵ȻǱϴλã϶ǳĴһףǳֱӵĵǸ磬£ֻɱˣҲٰ̫ɣң˵ַܼ֡
Щˬˣ̸磬ֻǶֻûôǮҰûϵϡ³֮򣡡
򣡵а˲䷢˽ɫĹâãɽǸɱ
سǳǶıһװŷĺ׼ڣһɫһȣݸɳһӡ
ӷǳ֣ɳϣռɳһ롣
ӽӹȣķϣȫ壬ǰźõģ϶ԸˣַǵļƻһңڶߴǸ֣ôץ


036 ӦһѪ
ȫһСڿȣüͷÿ࡭ַͶ˵ľĺܾʡ
ȫ壬̸ء
šȫЦүܷʲô飬ǶҪ侲ȥԴȥȥżûõġȫ˵ţֺ˿ȡ
һȫ壬Ǹô죿㵽취εɲˣûлΪ峤ļ̳ˡ
ȫ岻ĵ飬ûзʲô⣿
ʲô⣿ַǵļƻ𣿡
˵ĲǶˡ
ôˣ
ȫ̾үҪĸˣ¶һЩ
ˣˣ˰˾Ǳַˣô򵥣ʲô𣿡
һͨˣһߣַһߣ
Ȼɣô˶ͨˣǶǸͨҷǳ֣˵ӦѪˣӦһѪ
ˡȫҪǺܲģҪҪͨĹؿ顣ͨ˳ͷǳķ㣬Ѫͨ˸Ƿ񣬶Щͨ˶ձ̰ƣֻҪǷı꣬ǿ϶ѪأԣϰֻǸѪ¶ѣͨһ㶼ַ֣ߵǷǳ֡
ţӵ˵ͷȫûǶ˵ôѪ֣޴ַ֡ȻߣȻͶ˾϶֪˵ϸǾͿַһ£л׽ˡ
ȫ˵ͷţⲻ㿴ַݼϡ
ţͷ壿ǰɣһɽСҲܳľŮ̫û˰ɣ
϶ǼٵģҪȫһַݼˡ
ӵȫ壬Ҿûһ취ֱɱ˶ˣϰֶųɹԺֱӶסųɹǣ
ȫ忪ڵСӶųɹ˳ʲôӶ֡ųɹʲôںںԼĶӣôְбˡɱĶӣʲôòġǴκѪ֮սѪս̫ǿˣǱгһҪݻĹ
ǵģһγУֻ˴󹦻ȥҲʸΪļ̳ˡϧûи֣ҪȻǳ򵥡ΰֲ֪ԲҴ֡Ƶȫ壬һҪҡ
İɣүҴС㳤󣬲Ұ˭
ӵͷĿǰ״һô죿
ȫַ֮ݼͨˣǵĻ֮пʲôԽǿĶԽ⣬һߵļһôôԣҪúַݼˣҪ˺ַȫͻַͶżҵȫͻʱǳ׽߶ˣųɹǵõҪõϢ֮ɱڣһеȫƵַϣַʲôƵһɶû˻ỳɵǣһϵûС
üͷһӣȫ壬ռҾַ˻ƣƶһرĺãˣǲӦȥݺΪá
ȫү㻹̫ˣ֪֪治֪ģûо̫ķˣ̫ˣɴֻﵽĿģ̬Կġ
ȫ壬˼Ҳַ˵ĻͰɱˣ֮ҲΪǸˡ
ðɣүһųˣҶ֣ʱַܾ磬һᾡġô֮ìأ
ȫ˵۾ڴĿӡԣȫڶӣܶ¶̸ȥжϣȥ룬Լһ졣
ͻȻ۾һȫ壬һơַܿͻΪһϴҽӽȻںƲͶ֮ìܣ
ȫοĵͷţעⲻүҪСЩΪҾö˺ܿͻԸַˣٻϽͣٺòˡַݼˣҾȥĵϸ
õģȫ壬ҪҾȥӽַ硣
ڶ죬ַȥѧУ߽У԰ʱһ꼶ĺö𾴵Ľһ硣ЩСŮǿַ綼ۡԴЩŮַ綼΢Цţǳòĵͷ
Цˣҵͷˣ᲻ῴء϶һЩյСŮ
ѧУϴĲ𾴣ôŮϲֲöôϲϴ󡣡ַ
ַߵҲԶֽſһ΢ЦŸԼ֡ӸӲߣһ޴ˮһ㣬Ⱦһͦһϥ̿ƺʱпܴ߸߹ĶƤϻͷͺܴԲ˸ͷ˿һ˰ٰķһ
ַҲòԵ֣ΪҲǺһֻǼԼԼкѡ
ŰٰԼһװģķǳīˡ
ã磬ҽнΰӾͺãҲһ꼶ѧҾڡһսҷǳ㣬ֱ̫ˣ
ַЦЦһһ㣬֪ʲôأ
ԺҾ͸ˣһǮСТġ
ЦеģԹԵĽţ۾гһߣһпַ绳ǳݵĿַ硣
һϴģַ룬ӵݹп


037 ڣǼ鼴
ӼַʲôʾǮһ㶣ĵĴЦȻˬֵýѡкǽֵĸֳģѧУ˸ҿ磬ǲˣ磬ôܴԺѧУ˭ʹ˭ҿţ˭ܰ㿪Ѷ˵ȫһ飬Ҳû˸ҿ㣡
ǰɣԼ£ݼиȥ㶨ⲻ˵֮ھ͸㶨ôͣݽֵĸֳ
ָ磬лл㡣
ַļϺݺݵһѣӾͺãѾһ꼶ϴˣָĻ˻˵лġֵܣ໥չӦõԺʲôˣֵҲԹ۰ɡ
ڣǼ鼴ַЦţӵʲôĿġ
ַҲӼһѣЦİɣӣֻҪַ粻ͻӵĵλǵһյСܣұ֤ѧУһ죬û˸Ҷ㣡˭㣬ҾͰ趼ʶ
˱ȵֵһ㣬ĵ׶̥
ֵܣַĻӼһ±סַ磬Ӵֱӽַסˣûַ
֮תͷװ˵ȫ壬Իȥ˰ɣԺϴѧУչң˭Ҷң
УүԸģұʮСʱү߱ү
ӴŭҶ˵ˣҪ㷳˵һĸֱңͻ뿪ңҲҵΪʲôߣ
˿˿ַ缸ۣȻӵ˸ôߵнˮıڣҵְҲ뿪㣡
ŭȵҵֵܣôɿ㲻ߣҾͲԷҹԣߣʲôˣҿôү
ү㲻
һ»ˣҲܣҲϲ㣬ҵߣϸҲң֪СǸЩˣô𣬶ҵһ㣡ҽҪܣҳȥҪܣʲôǶҪܣϴѧˣҳɴˣҸպǰʮ꣬ҲҪıˣߣ
˵ıǳΣվӵԱ߲ߡ
ַ翴ĳӷǳȫˣԼƣȫߡַܾòԾ˵ﲻԾ
ַ˽ֲ£ʲôĿĻûĿģһ鶼ˣæҪġ
Ȼӵȫ壬Ҫͷһ£˭
ַ˵ĵҴ㣬ǲǿˡ
ʮĵãңߡ
ȻӵˣôүͲҪٸˣ𣿡
Ӧá
ַ粢ûùߵǲ㱩¶ġֻǼٶȣȭͷһͷһ˳˹ȥ
²ȼת˼£ַȭͷҪҵ˵ؿ֮ʱһƣĶ㿪ַȭͷ˫ֱֱץסַȭͷֱַ͵š˹ȥ
ַڱ˿Ƶ˲䣬˫͵ڵһţֱһշִ˵Ŀ֮г˳
üͷһ壬ѵַ治ߣֻǺܴ
ЦţһǿϢȻ
ַȻߣ˹Ȼ򵥣ӽԼʲôĿģ
˲䣬ַ罫ת£Ĳ㹦ǿϢֱȥ
ҲתǿϢԿַϢַоԷϢֻΪҡ
ַ翴ˣҪô
У԰߾Ǹǲܵģ
ַ֪װġ
ַȻߣȷˣĿѾﵽ
ӹ˲ɿƵ˺ɫ԰ףͷ֮ȫǺˮŵĿַ硣
ˡ˵
ӵΪһĨ˲ĹâַߣǲĲ㣡
ɶˣǻû𣿡ɵˣǳľȣһ׼ȷѧˣԼƫƧ֮սһù񫣬ôͽˣ
үˡ㱣ءȻȫַϣܽҼүֵܣԺǼ϶ģ㶮ġ
ȫ˵֮ת첽ȥ
ҶģҶʲôˣѵӵĳһ壿һĴүɣӺῴߣҸоǵΪǵΪ֮ϣ
磬лл㡣ϾҪϿˣѧ档
ַ翴߽ҵıӰϹЦԵ޹ʸǮСܡһ̽ң㵱ǰ׳㵽Ǻˣ
ַͻȻݼ˵һ仰ʱ˱˵ǮСĶ
ѧַͣ統ȻƴǣݼһҾƵĳһ١Ӻȶˣεı˶ַĳ֮飬ȻеĻ˵ķǳ顣νƺԣַоӷǳĵûκεĻǳİԼѵġӲַݰˡ
ƺЩ񲣬ԼȫĽ˳ԭӵİСʱˡһֱ˵ʲô£ܴҲӾͻصˡǽֳָ˵ϲ壬ǱѡѧУѧҲǶİš
ȥ֮
ַݼڿӵ¡
ôݼɳϣƻû˵ԼĿַ硣
ַҧһƻЦڿ𣿺ðɡӿ϶򵥣
Ŷﲻˣ


038 벶ȸں
ַĿ˸һޱȵţʱԵ޹ʵðҪСܣǮֹⰲһ˸ұԣߣҺΪܣһ̽ңӽңҵĵϸпҪԸңڶҸùϵң
ݼ۾һַĿǳͬû뵽ַô죬˽ô͸
𣿡ݼϺȾƣӶ⣬θ֮ԣ㵱ֵܿôһͺĻˡ
ַ뿼ңʹˣǡǡ෴һİеĻҲỳԸңҲҿ϶˵Ʋ⡣ϵķ֣˵̫ϣ̫ϿңҲ϶ԸҺңҺʶһ죬ڶôø㣬𣿲Ҫ˵ʲôƣȫǳ
ãܺáݼֵ磬Գʦˡ
ַĵǵȻǺεȴֻҪκ鶼룬Ȼˡٺ١
㻹ЦĳҪԸˣ㻹Ц㣬ô£
ַһƤЦ飬ŵϢϵͳӵݡ
ţܺã˳һ¶˵ĵף̫ԭغаԵⲻǮͿģܾö˲ûô򵥡
ܿһݹȥˣӹƽƽַÿϷѧͻؼڹ򲻸ˣַ˳ͻ˵Ĳ㣬˵㡣ַٶȣݼѾ𾪵ľˡȻݼַԽ죬ݼҲġ
ϴκͶ˱Դģʮ򣬶˲ûжַ֣ҲûдҪ⼸У԰Ҳټ˵ӰżһΣַʱ۾ȫǶ񶾵Ĺâݼ˵ģڶַ֮ǡ
ַ˳ĳΪ˴һϴ˶ʮСܣСַТַԥȫյĻǷˡ
ѧУɵ飬ַ粻ôȤСһɼĺúӡ˵γΪһϴȫһ⣡Ǿ˴ϴˣŶ˵һַ粻һϴôڱ˵ǴһϴֻҪַ粻ܣ˭Ҳȡλã
ַ粻һСУ԰УǺͶֶʲôСܵĹַ罫ʵȨȫӣԼ˸Сһ㣬ַģַ⽫Щ̯Ƹӣҵ
ַ罫һСܽӵʱҳѣַ֮Ĳ鲻ԸĽˡܺǸֱӳַ磬ַ籧Ľģûַ˷ܵĺ޲ַ缸ڡ
ϴûôͽôСܣЩСָܽʱЦϵٶˣȫһ򡣿ӵֱַ磬Ҫô࣬ҹСּëƤ¸
ַҽƴѧճ죬ϴӺŽݰֵԼַسľ¥һһʹҲʽˣ
ӺҽƴʱʱǸ˾۸Ϊͷûб۸ںʹһ߸˽ΪֵܣУ԰Ͷ˿⣬ֻУ԰棬˻ԼӺʼǵ˶һͷַ罫˴ܣӺǺεȵĴַˣ˶ˣܲ£ɲַһĿǴǣΪԼ棬ʹַˡ֮ǰǾǧټƵ˵ַ磬Ҵû뵽ǣַ羹ȻûκεǳˬĴӦˣ
ʵַͲѧУ԰İȫЩ˶ˡ˲ǿݼַԲͶ˷ͻֻҪûַ磬ַԲȥǱˣ
һʹ˵ϢܿϯУ԰ڶ˵̨֮󣬻군ˡû죬˰ʮֵͶַ硣һЩ˿˰ﶼȥˣ˿϶׵ûϣˣǷ׷Ͷַ磡
һʱ䣬е˶Ϊҽƴϴַ磡ҲȴŴĵϴŮѡŮ½ѩ˵Ķǵ˼죬һƬžĵЩճϿΣԷûдκϢʲô¶ûзһ
£ܶ˶ˣˡȻÿ꼶İɶϣǴһһַ罫ȫշˣĵôӲͷϣô̵ȥҶ֪ĵϴƵ͵ڶüëˣ㻹ô͵ϴ͵Ů½ѩųŮ񣡾һµ˸ҵҲҵ½ѩ½ѩַĵӶ
˶ףȵһеȫշ֮󣬾ĵʱԿˣڲ֣ںʱǴĵϴʼûгַ֡ҲûжԴʲôٶ˶ƲѣЩΪ˶Ϊ֮ʲôЭ顣
ַ첢ûܵһ£ûиݼҲûнŵϢȥ飬Լǹƥȥжַ֪ʲô鶼ˣôܲԼĳɳȻַ֪κ£ҪһпõԼʹԼϢﵽĿġҲҪΪʲô顣Σַ£κ֪
ҹݼ˯ţַ͵͵ĴӴ£Զ۶ȥС֮߹ֵŵ˳⳵سķȥ
ַڳسˣֻҪسǣɽ߻ʵԶʲô£˭ҲץסκΰѱһҪԶһڰĽһɫµϲԶԶ˳⳵档ɫµҹɫ֮£ַûз֡
һڰĽ䣬һڼʻּֿ̣ٵͳֻٷɿĵιүַسǡһɫµϸ٣ߣǶ˵ˡ
벶ȸںַͲ֪Ѿˡ


039 Ҽү
ţϺȫ
ȫ壬ˣӸմ·ͷȫѾվԼǰ
ȫ崩·ţаٷ֮ʮǶ˵ˡسڲöֻ֣ҪǳسǣǾͿߵˡ
ûǺַ֣Ŷβݳ˰ɣŸƤһᣡ
ȫٺһЦο϶ˣƤ̫ױ¶Ŀˣ
ݼ˯㣬ʱһֻݼ
ĺ룿ôʲôأ
ι
ݼС㣬ԭôϢǵ˵õϢĹţسǣʱɱĺûᣬͽˣºʮ򡣼ǵɾһ㣬ϸϷ͵ֻݰݡ
ݼڹôæȱҵ绰㣬ô˼ȥѧʦˣ
㿴Լˣݰݡ
ݼ˵绰󣬺ܿһϳݼֻ
࣬У18ꡭ
ݼϤƬ૵ĵ⡭ⲻǴĵϴ𣿣
ԭˣȥҽƴѧʦѧУһһĿΪһᰵɱ࣡
ţǸĥַĺûᣡݼδɱжַڳַѧϰսľ顣֪ʶѧϰٶ඼̸ֻֽսԼ
ݼַţ磬ţм¡
ţ
ûһ㶯ƽû£һžͳˣô˯ô
û˿ţ绰ػݼоԣǿп֮󣬷ûˡ
һһȥˣݼǳģ

⳵ͣţ
¸߹ңҹȻ涡
ַţΧϤĻĪһˡΡ
ǣһ߹ֵһ±ꣻºǸݵϺǸŮϷ׷֡
ݼĳѾַ˵ԼŮӣǿϤĻַвЩį
ַҲ̽εϢԴη֮һ˶ʧˡ
ַѸٻҹ£档̾һԶȥ
ҹʮ㣬ʱ򣬶ϰ˯˵ܶ˶Ѿ硣
ַ˰ףͻȻоԱߵǽЩ춯
ʲôˣ
ö
һɫµϴӺڰĽﳵʻ˳
ˣɢϢַã˶ߣ
ַ綢ˣʲôˣ
ΪǰһĮĵɱˡ
ַЦ棬ͷ¶βһȺ󱲣ӵľǲĿʾ˵󱲣
ַ˵òƲûעԼҲǺġ
ҲǺַ磬ĩա
ַ絭ĵ˵Ҳ֪Ƕĸ֡ϴһȻ£´һ
Ϊ׵һ㶣˵ˣ߸ˣǸ𣿣
δ໰ɱ
ұߵһ˹ĵɱţɣŰ
Ϊ׵ĺٺһЦ˵ҲǣѧУôãôɱ̫ˣ
˺ٺЦţ֮пַһһ㡣
СӣҲмͣкܶ㲻֪£и㲻֪֣֮ǰҾĿߣߣһƾ㣡ʶʶӵı°ɣ
ַЦţ֮бĹâ϶֪Ҳһߣô
ַ˿ѶԷǳŵĵһȭܴһֻǣ壬Ӷָͷˣ
ַ罫ȫĹתûйϢ
Сӣ֪ҵɣ
˲ĳַַ״ͻȻٶȣֻצ͵ַץ˹
ÿٶȣ
ַһǲû֣ȴѵʱ
Ҫץַؿڵʱַ罫ѹסĹ͵ıޱȵһȭ˵ؿ˹ȥ
˿ûаַץַĲӣַסȻŰϾҪֵʱͻȻԷϱһ޿ɿܵϢ
һ֮ȫǾ֣һҪУַһȭһźؿڡ
˲ûҷɣһ㵺;ֵĿַ磬зҪ˵ʲôʲô˵
˶ԼĺһѪȭͷ˹
ַ͵ĳ֣ûзκβҽУΪѾвͨһȥ
ߣʣµ񶼱ˣ˲ŵĹâ
ַ絭ĵΪֻҲǣѣ
Դ֮󣬹Ҳûкʽ֣νַ֣ҪĲϣʰ⼸ˣûʲô⣡
ַȳ֣ԼǸ˹ȥַֻĸغϣͽ˵ĲӡꡱһŤˡ
˱ˣַ΢ЦֱýŽ˵ͷ˸ϡãĻƵԽһأֲ
Ϊ׵˿ĺַ磬亹ֱȫë
ôҪɱ𣿳ְɡַƵЦš
ߣҲ㣬ѵһ㲻ɣΪ˵Щ΢΢Ĳ
ַǹ̵ɱˣò̵ֶǰĺˣֻҪסˣϾѾһ֣ôԼʤͶһ֡
ַЦţ˫֮бĹâŲһһ˱ƽ
ҼүַҪ֮ʱӰӰس˳


040 ѷ
Ϊ׵˿ˣϲĵ壡
Լ˹ˣſ־ڷһ麹
үô£ү˵˲үС߸͵͵ʲô£ôү
Ϊ׵ĺ˲ûлش˵ĻĿĶַ磬壬ɱˡ
ַ磬˭
ѧУѧַ磬û뵽һߡ
ַ磿
ֺһᣬͻȻʲôŵˣ
ʲôŵˣΪ׵ҲһٺЦţȻŵˣǵУǾӦɱˣ
ַѾжϳǸ֣ɢϢǳǿ󣬸Լܿġʱܵںʱ
ǴѣҲô֮£ļƻһ
ַɷǳŵĿˣǳɪĵôСүҸսģ
ַ˵䣬ʶ͹۲ܵĻһԼĸӲܡ
ַһһϰɣȻһսơ
ַᶨη壡
һ˳˹λַߵ·ߡ
ַ翴еʽǰɽ޵ʱЩŵʹʽЩơѵЩ˲Ƕ˵ˣ
˵ȭͷ籩ϮľַЩʹ
ַ粻Ҵ⣬ֽͬȭȭ˵ȭӰ֮Уȭ֮ɢַĺЩ٣ʱѪӿ
ַɪĿˣôܰɣ
˫ֱȭͷ̹ǰʹ
˸ַ֪ûʱһȭһͷǣַȭһֺõ¡
˵ЩʣȴҪ
˵ͻȻһذףذ׻ɫĹâַȥ
£ַѾû˿ƣغַžͱ˺һĿӣѪֱ
ַĿ죬δ˽ǡַ˵ͬʱҲһȭ˽ڽںˡ
ʱһ˴߰շһַ硣
ַܲʵûҪ㣡΢΢б˳ŵ˹ķ͵һţ
ʱַֻ沿һʹһѣΣ˾ͷ˳ȥ
ַǽŵ˵ĹټϷԼϵȣ˷ɳʮԶպˤ˵İΧΧ֮⡣
ַϽӵϱͬʱԼƽһĻַûκʤ㣡
ַӻһתͻȻֽһң
ַͻȻָ˵һС
ԣһ߾裬תȥ

ֱַתȾܣܵıӻ졣
ȻΪ׵ĺĴ쵰ˣǣ壬׷
ĸַܵķ׷ȥ˸ߣˡಡಡಡಡ
ȫ壬е㻳ǲǶ˵ˣղ˽ǸүǸ˸Ƕ˵ȫ˵һͨˣߣǸߣбΡ
ȫʲôˣǶҪַ硣үһǶԸһǣǣǶԸһҺͶԸһ
Ӳ⣬ȫ壬һ˳֣ܽЩȫɱˣΪʲôҪһ֣
ȫҪˣҪɱˣǰԼ¾ͺãǵʵסЩ˾ͺãҪκ˲ɵǵݣɱˣ̫ԭص֮˳ͻԼ鷳𣿣

ַС񱼣һڰ
ַţУһƬƽַĻǳϤĸ˶ǳİַܿͰĸ˦ԶԶġַܿ췢֣ĸһ׷˵ٶȺҪַַ֪ܶ࣬ǼϵĲ졣
ַ罫ޣȫܣһͷɫԱһ㣬ٶ죬ľһৡţӰͻһ׷ᡣ
ַŶԻպĸﶵȦӣĸһʱҲκβַ磻ͬʱַĹʧĸ˺ܿ췢㣬˱··߷ַΣֻһܣ
ʮӺַ֣ܳһСϪߣ̣Ѿ뿪ƶԶˡ
ôܲ˰ɣ
ĸѾ׷˹ͷ󺹵ַڵַɴཫ˺ʱú˳ࡣ
ðɣҲˣҲˣҪɱҿԣ֪ܵʲô˰ɣҿɲͿҪȥ棬Ҷ֪˭ɱҡַڹʱ䣬ӡ
Ϊ׵ĺЦȻҪˣҾĿ
үҪ
ʲôǼˣַڲѷɣ˲ɣ
Ϊ׵ĺڳ֣¶һƹͭɫĽס
ַǳȣΪַʶˣû뵽ҪɱԼ
ࣿĵϴ󣿡
ַһֱţɱԼ˿϶Ƕ˵ˣû뵽ȥǴĵϴһֱûг档ַѧУٴĶ඼ûв֡
ԣֲַңҲˣȫû뵽Ĳаˡ
ַĿˣ
ϵң
ַȻûм㱾ˣƬһǿģû뵽㾹ȻһߣΪɱңҿû㣡
Цûң㽫ҽƴ췭ظһշˣҵ㻹ŻһĿշǴģûлˣö˵ʰ㣬ǶǸֻϲͷıҪ֪ҧ˵Ĺǲеģµ͵ͷҲ㶯㣬㾹ȻҵŮѱҵŮѻҪ̣Ҳ㣬һͷ֮ޣ֮ѧУ߽⣡ŮѣǺǡ


041 һˣ
ԶһƬĽ䡣
ȫ壬ĲǶ˵ˣûҪƴˣֻҪַȳͺá
š
ȫһͷǲ˵
ӵˣַ޷ġһҹַ綼Ӳڰַ߲𣿡
ȫү¶ҪżΣյʱԽҪ侲ȿַûкԮкԮĻͲҪǳˣԣֻеȡַûкԮؼʱ̳֣
룬˵ͷ

һӣ˽ַΧм䡣
ַ崦ӣӰɣȳ֣ȫԸԼˡ
ЦһȭƣӲĺַӰһ
䣡䣡䣡ÿζԻһ£ַ綼оԼƱ͸һʹʮַоԼֱ۶ľˡ
ַһͷʨһ㣬ͲִϢĻᣬÿιȫԷء
ΪĲ죬ַ޷óѡ
䣡
ַץסһᣬһƻ˶ֵؿڣһ·˳ȥˤ׿⡣
ֱֻֻ۶ˣؿһƣһѪ˳
˴ӵŭģҵȼȻӴˣ
˺ǰַ罻ֵһ͹ַ硣
ַٺһЦô

ݵһЦͻȻַ˹ȥһҲַȥ
ַ亹գתŹȫӭȥ
һʼļغϣַǶԷĹ̫ˣʮַ֮ڳŲסȭ
ȭַˣֱؿһӿһһѪ˳
˴ɽѹ׷ʹַæңˣ
һ˴ȣȥɣ
ͻȻֳһͷѵȻһӰ˳ȥˤʮԶĵط
ַоԼұ۷ˣұֱݵľ֮һҵʹַѽѡ
״ô£ΪʲôĻָûг֣
ַǰˣһΪԼָƣΣȻûг֣
ַĵװ̾ˣ
ˬ𣿡һ˳ѧַ緽ŵĿ
ַվһ˸ֱַӱߵԶֵ˵ϡ
Ľʹַ̲סַŬžʹϢǺ죬
ộѵ㲻ʹʹͽгɣ
ַҧгݣһѪ죬ɱңգӽ𣡡
Դַָ֮ݼѧϰ˺ܶıƣܾԼһַ֣翴ԼôΪƨǣ
ַ簵ģֻҪβԺƴ
Զ࿴һĻЦţҪôɣ
ȵȣַĲֵ̫ˣ
һŵҪϢǹɵٺ٣Ϣֻ֪ɱңž͵Űɣ
ַ˵û֮ǰɽǸ÷һ˵ǮٳǴһ仰Ŵ̫ԭʧ
ҪĹ֡ѾַһˣϵôͲַ˵أ

ȫ壬ҿȥˣеܲסˡ
үٵȵȣ
ʲô˵ַһˣԹۣĥ̫޳ˣϹȥ
ӵһɱ˳ȥȫҡͷ̾Ϣ⼸Ҫȥȫүһ˿Խ
ס֣
Ҫĥַʱһŭתȥһɱڵɱ˹
ַ磬㻹а֣ɱȥַ磡սپ̫ˣɱַ硣
˽ӰΧһַƶȥ
һֻһӰ˵İΧȦ֮лֻؿһƣ󼸺ͬһʱڿֱ˸ܽӴײһ𣬶Ȼء
Ҫַºֻ֣ԼһûзӦԼͱһǿײɣԼµһ
磬ܣ⼸Ը
Ӷַ纰һַôôϤ
磬Һó㡭
磬ȡ
磬һӵֵܡ
ⲻôôˣѵһּҩһҹݳַḻ
ŶǰɣӦɡ
Ӳ˶սסԷַܶѡ
һٽƷ˴ӵĿ֮ȫǾ㵡
ַ翴ôͣԸ⼸ˣһнΪʲôɵЩأ
˭ΪʲôҪԼأ
ȻĿǰЩʱ
֮ٱǡܾԼǲӣַ֪˿̲ʶ˵
ŭ죬Ҫַˣϣ
ֳǱӵס
ַܳһ˳ַǰ
ҿһһôùѵǡڿ͵۹ôˣ
ַսƣĿˡ
ף
ַ翴˵ӰоǳϤȻԷ棬ΣһϤĸо
˸պÿַұۣ֮г˵ġ
ַ̽Сʵݼ
Ҳϵĳ
㡣
ţô˭ģ
ţһС£ජˣ´˵ҡ
Ҫɱ㣿
ַͷ
һ˭
֪棬˭ȻݼСȥڸ㡣
ݼĿս棬ſţɫķǳѿǰȻûгȫûĻ˵Ϊٴﵽ죡ƴ㿴˷ǳ֮䣬ÿγֶзִ磬ǳĵλȻЩֻܣΪС
ĸ˶ľսļȵĿֻţ˸оԼĸֻһèץס湻ٳԣ
˵ʵַ
ǵġ
ַʵô
ɱġ
ַȻɱࣿΪʲô
Ķӣŵ
ַǳȣͳķǳȥˣĵϴĶӣ
ţϧҵĵһ񣬿ϧҪʧˡ
ַ粻⣬ʧ֣ѵ򲻹Щˣ
ǣݼбĿ㡣ŵ˿϶£ɱĻ϶Ѳ˹ϵԶɽΨһĶӣ̫ԭ֮һˣ磬ãԶɽô
ַ˸ˣԶɽ᲻ϧһд׷ɱң
ûԣ㣬Ҹ㱨𣡡
ŶַΪʲôɱ¿ɱ
¾ŵľӢɱҲûжϵֲ˼ŵĸɱǵ£ٴ࣬ҲǸԶɽһ棡ͨϵ£ǾͻΪĺкܴԺ󲻻ᶯġ㱨ϰҲġԣɱ࣬Ժٴӳ顣
ݼиַһΣַþõĻζϵ


042 ƨ
ݼ˵־ͳ֣ݼΪȻѾ֮£ǰߵս飬ɱ˲ڻ£ټӵǣƣҪɱˣֻ׾֮¡
ݼսս֮лս
ַ翴ݼɱʱ֮ʱûа㻨ÿγһбʽÿγ֮Լ·Ϊ´γ׼
ݼս֮ɵţĪ⣬ӯкϣǿַǳȻĸо
ݼĽ»ɱǣÿ˶Ѫ
˲̵Ļ棬ַûһ˿Ŀ־壬һЩ⣡
ӼæǸ֣ȥʧããҹ
㣡ɱҵˣ࿴ŵԼǰλĴ壬ɫ࣬ǳѿ
嶼ǿԼģΪ˱ԼԼǰ
˲䱬ķŭͺ⣬Ϊ
ַ࣬ɱôˣǲǿˣȥ飿
ͻȻһХ˫Ŀǿ֪˭ɱңҸұ֤ò죬˶ͷأǻǷã
ݼ㣿ҪɱҼүҪҷ㣿ΪҲ֪Ķӣ
һɫ˼䣬Ȼ֪ҵݣң
£ݼһŽߵڵأ˵ݣ˵Ҫ㣬ƨǣԺүţ
亹֪ߵˣϣַûκαݣΪʲô
鶼ˣԼѹס֣û뵽ȴŪɳ׾˸Ͳ£
˿̱ҪֻҪܻз̵Ļᣡ
ǰһжᣬַͬѧѣѡ
ַǵĹ´ٶַ粻ֻ·һ

ַһŽ߷ɡ
ˣͷҧгݣڷŭ𣬡ж˳𲻱ĲΪˣַ磬ţ
ɫ涣ҡҷ
ôˣһܳݼַ硣
һ£
ðɣҪҰæ𣿡
ַҡͷԼ£Լ԰ɡ
Ҫȥˣ
ַҵû£ֻұ۹ˣѾù̶ˣˣҲ޴󰭡
ַ˵ĺأ˵أҲһҪ죡
ţΨһһ⣬һɫӰͻأĳ
ѧУǳļªЩѧѧҲһЩ˼ҵĺӣַһֱͶ
ϤĸУַЩпп֮ವһ£ѾԾ׶ߵУš
ˡڵ˯ͻȻһ󼱴ٵ֮оѡ
˭
ҡ
ЩϤûʣ˵ƣЩ谵ĵƹ⽫Ȼߵ۾˱ϡ
һǳʵˣʵͽˡ
ܸоЩ⣬ץźŵףϡ
ţһϤӰǰˣһǰں̸Լĵ˵˺ܶ࣬صóǮˣԺúõѧʱ˸жᣬһͿǣʱ˵Ŀ쳣ı䣬Щ
ַ硭˸оԼ嶼콩ˡ
ܿ컻һЦôͰסַ簡Щ䣬ʦ㵹ˮȡ
ַ˸һ衣
ллʦ
˴ߣЦַ磬˵ϵҽƴѧѧˣﻹðɣѧϰ𣿻ǲǰƴ
ʦһãлĹġַ粻ɫĵ
ֳ̾һѵ㻹ôģʦڵ˰ԴӳУ֮󣬰ЩϹͷȫˡ
ַﰵģɱģ
ֻ·˳ʦʦǷ񰲿ʦΪҵѧѣ׬鶼ˣ⣬ַⱲӶǡ
ַһᵽǮֵпһ£ַǳƽûʲô쳣ܾʲôԾƵġ
ЩȻЦַ磬ӦõģѧУɫѧμӹʡڶαùһμӹҼѧһȽ߿ȫǰУʦҲӦõġ
αͷװ
ַϵĲˮһڣȻЦлʦЩҵչˡʦһ¡
ʲô£ָоЩˡ
ַҸ߿ʱдĵһ־ԸŵٴѧǿˣһߴＸʮѧҵĸ𣡵˵ŵѧһ͵ǸҵģԲԣ𾴵ʦ
ַ绹ǷƵЦţû˿ı仯Ȼⶼɱ׼Ĺͣ
ֵ֮һ˿Ϊ˾ţǸպñַ粶׽ַ簡˭˵ģ£ϲѧСҵ³Ҷһ㣬ŵٴѧı㣬Ҹ˻ءŵٴѧͷأʦҲйⰡ
ַ絭ĵڻǸҴСͷǳ𾴵ʦһֱһһذңҡСҾûиףܶʱҶŰ㵱ҵĸסǵСѧ꼶ʱǴηˣ컹꣬㽫Ұʵʵϵһ꣬Լȴȫʪ㱳ңһܵϵҽԺҽԺȺ򡭡ǵʮһ꣬סԺչĸ£һǧǮ


043 ַڵѪ
ַ˵˵ţ۾ʪˡ
ǰΪʦΪ˸˾ݺԼˣǻԼһˣ
ַ˵ţ˵˺ܶܶࡣСַָĹػů̫ˣַ˵ַ綼˵꣡
ϸţзǳĲζΣܣѾˣ޷أ

ʦʵһжҰɣһԭģΪû㣬ûгɼַ磡ûмǿַ磡
ַֿͿֵзǳľᣬĺĳֵһ
Ƭ֮Ѿ˾еĽ
ֻֽһҧȻַѾ֪ˣǻҪαװ
ֺݺݵĵûַ磬ŵٴѧһ͵˶ˣҲ¸㣬Ǹһ򣡶Ҹ򣬾ǸĲ
ַĵ׶ʱһ㣬ȫ̲סš
ܲҵһѵҵô
һţСҿ㳤ǳĴǳԺǰ;һҶҾһֱ㣬㣬㣬ƫƧСϳһƴѧѧΪѧУ⣬Ϊ⣡ʱҾͿ뾭ѣƾɵĽѧ¥ؽһ£ҵţֻҪΪһƴѧѧĳɾͲ뾭Ҳࡣ
ַ羲ţ˵Ķʵ
һûʧûѧУʧ˳Ŀ˹ŵٴѧҿɼһ̣ҷǳĸˣҸоһ֮ĵʱ̡ǣһĺܶݡһң˵һ취Ǹʱ򣬶˵ĹϵѾͨˣֻҪǸĺͬǵģûΪһҽˣҽһˣûǮͨĴѧҲϲͻ䵽ȥ򹤣ȥҺڣҲעһƽ
ַȭͷյĿԵ죬ǳļ٣޴ķŭɫЩ죬ȻĿƣǻǿƲסԼ
ַ磬һ򰡣һ¾һǧǮĹʣЩǮ֪ѧУ˼ʮ꣬дҲкӣҲǮҵľѣҪһһ׼Ҫȵȥˣ׼ˣ²һ£ˣ϶ٵĿҵǰͻȻ˸һҴûмôǮǮʲôˣǮҲõҵ±ˣҲõŮǰ;Ȼ㣬Ҳڣ
ַĿĵͺǣΪǮҵһҵ룡ҴСʮŬ
ȻѾˣҲͺޱˣһŤȫʧֺƵףĵǻ㣬ôСѧУҶذ㣬㣬㣡ⲻΪ㣬ҲΪԼÿ꿼Զǵһ޿ȡĵһҽĹâһֱбҵпȫǱ͵صѧģҽߣҽͽϵĸУҲ˳Ĵӳн̵˸УλӣôأңȥǮĵң϶ǣǸˣǸ˿϶һˣﲻˣʱ򣬿Զ޷
ԭԼͱݺˣַ绹ɵɵһֻԼ𾴵ˣ
ַڵѪֵĻһѰѼ⵶ַ̽ѡ
ԼޱȰʦΪǮȴһħ
ַЦˣЦЩȻЦԼɵЦԼЦԼ̫棡
ַҲڲţԭСҵĹػҵΪԼԭһֱһõĹߣһеһж⣬Ǽٵģ
ֿЦô˲Ϊ𣡡
ַҧгݣݿ죬ãһ˲Ϊ˼ǣûа취ˣ
ĵ˵ʲô취ҵҪ
ûǰַǸͨ˵Ļûа취ԣַȥ򹤣ҺڣһƽӹĹȥ˶֪
ڵַ磬һߣһλߣ
˿̵ַҪɱ֣һֻô򵥣
ңǸ˭ҿԷŹ㡣
ַͻȻĺ侲ǳƽΧ¶һļȣΧĿռ䶼ַһƬš
ֵҵ㣬Ҳ֪Ǹ˿ڽĺܡ
˵ʵȷ֪
ʦһУҿԭ㡣ϾЩһջûмܳȥġֻҪڰһѣеʵ壬ôұ֤û¡
ȻԼ𾴣εĳԼַлǺݲɱ֣
ַģˣҲһߣַͨ뺡
ָͲ֪Ѿվſڡ
ҡͷַ磬̫ɵˡҼȻѾˣûлͷ·ˡȥףôЩͻˣһҲ군ˣҵŮҵļ˽һܵӰ졣ȥףǸǮˣҶҪ군ԣҲܰ㡣
ַȻһЦã֣ܺá˵ûȻˣûлͷ·ˣôûһҷˣ㱨𣡡
㣿
ֲмĵһô㱨ʲô𣿣ѵɱҲɣǵֻҪһ𣬸ڵʦʱܶܲ
һ飡㵽װﲻң
ַһһεԭ֣һδεıַ磡
ַѾɱġ
ɱɱǧи֮ʣ㲻ɱΪһ;谭ַһڷŭĵͺš
Ұ㣬˭أҾͻôӾһôôӳԶ㣡ӡ
ͻȻ֣ͽӲˣ޷ˣ屻һǿһ˿̣ΨһܶĵطӣȫǾֵĹâ
ַ֮һ˿Ѫɫ˿̵쳣ƽʦұɱ㣬һδεĸڹĻᣡ㶼ܾˡһıɱ㣡Ĳɱ㣡Ҳɱ㣬ܻΪһħԺҵΪһĸ߶֮󣬾ͻħϣղŴӦңĻˣһᱣûµģһҲûȥģûСҵΣҴСһֱΡˣô


044 
ɱˣҵһôеɱˣ˵ʵ˺ܶܶΣҵһǳɱ˿϶һߣһʮˣ϶Ǻҽֵʵɱ
֪ôʦ⼸һֱû㣬һֱ룬ҪҪɱ㣡Ҹܶɱ֮лܺ£ܿ־壬ѹûа취ȥӦָоΪů
ҴˣǳƽҸоɱ֮ҵĻоӵƽҲẦ£ѹ־壡
Ϊ
ֵͫڽķŴʮڶûˡ
ַ˵֮һƺֵţѪ
ַһˮ˷ԼµָӡӡһкۼѧУʧããĺҹ֮С
ַĸɾ䣬һ˿ۼ£ַ֮⣬˶֪
ˣݼַѧУɫЩסоַɢһɵɱ
ţˡַǳƽ

ַһݼ٣ڼˡ˼ĵҩַһ֮ڻָ
ĩַݼȥӰСһ˷ǳۡ
ӵӰԺݼǳĺãַҲܵݼķĵĿġַҲףһݼһԵףɱ֣ÿ춼ĵݼԴ֮ȫķݼԸת࣬ԼҲڲ֪бˡ
ݼַĸǳĺã˴ûгܣҲûΪʲôִȻͬסһ֮£ȴྴַ粻ݼɫģңɲ뱻ݼȱ첲ȵġ
Ӱ꣬Ѿ賿ʮࡣؼҵ·ϣеɢŲڿĵ۵Ӱľ顣
߽һС֮ʱͻȻð߰˸ˣΧס߰˸˶Ƕʮ꣬ÿ˶Ĳײࡣ
٣ϵֵֽǮĶȫ
Ϊ׵һˣһͷĳȾ˻ɫҹ·Ƶҫ֮£һ㡣ֲǣһĵ̣ǳ
ÿӰôٵˣַ룬϶ûô򵥣϶ǸԤı
ݼЦЦתͷַˡ
ַ˵ͷЩ˶ЩͨˣĨһ˿Ц⡣
ַЩ˷ܣСİ˸ˣ֣ڵȣŶԷ֡
Ϊ׵ļ˲óϷǳƽЩûˡ˻еĳݺݵĵôǲǾƲԳԷƣͷóҲ˺ǡҪȻٺ٣椵ĻĲֵܾҪˣٺ١
ַǲȶֵģ⻰һĪŭһȭ˲ʷеš
ʷЦţֻоǰһټȭͷԼûзӦֱӷɵʮ׿⣬Ȼأһҵĺ֮󣬱˹ȥ
ݼЦյķǳãһȭô÷ǳĺá
ݼĻһû˰УһѪĿ⣬һĪǾɱǰˣ
ʣµ˿Լϴһȭɣȫɵˣ翴һһ㿴ַ磬⻹˵һ㶣תӣ
ܣȫɣ
ַôͷŹǣֻ˫һһԾɹͷס˵·
ǰַ磬ݼ˶һۣתݼķȥȻ߸˶ΪݼֻһŮӡܣֻҪɢ϶ܡ
һһƣһ𣺡ЮǸŮģǳǰ͵ݼץȥ
ߣ
ݼһһһǿƷɣСûжٿռ䣬ֱײ˺ˣȫ˵ϣ׷ײҽС
վԼͬؿڳһѪȻŷ׷ףеŮĸ˶ͨˣߵˡ
үǴˣҰɣҰɡһ¹ġ
үҸͷˣ㲻ҪɱңŹҰɡֱӿĵ졣
㣬СϣɱҰ˻û˵֮꣬һƬˮա
ʣµûܣǲܣףǿߣӲˣȻӲˣôֻġ˫ȿƲסڲȻ׷׵Ĺڵأַݼ
ַŭʲô߰Ķ˵˭ָʹģ˵ʵҾͷŹǣ
ЩȻǻ죬ֻһЩطϵС죬ƽʱЩ͵£ܵ黹У˵ɱˣһǶҡڣϴѾɱѾ˵ԼɱȻϴ󽻴ˣǧ˵ǵ̰ġϴˣ𣿶Ǹ𣿣
һɥǵ̰ģɱǸǵϴ󵶰̸磬ʮʱϴټ˵ˣṩ˵Ƭ£һŲ֪
Ƭ˭ǵģַʵ
һ֪֪ȻҲʶǸˣһͷƷŮҽƴģдȥѧУŮѵʱпҽƴѧѧ
ַһٷˣ˿ָʹѣĳıǶˣеĻë϶Ƕ˵»ëַֻû뵽˻Щͨ˶ԸԼѵ˵ֻһͨˣûߣ
ôأɱˣַͻȻѪĳ嶯
ַ罫ĿƳݼ
ݼһЦԼŰɡ
ַ˾ɱȻЩСﲻѾɱȻʣµҪɱڣ
ַҪ֮ʱһƮַɱǣɱǣɱǡɵ͵ߣƽŭ
֪ôַʶӦţûֹͣ
ģҳ
ַܲסԼǶӰԼ־ƿڴ
û뵽һССߣȻܷǵĴڣСӣܲ
ʱಡһƿյ˳ӿڡ˵վǰһˣܱŤ϶ͨʲôطıԼݡ˵ͬˣ˶Ǹ֣
ַһ㶣ʵûзﻹûˣģҳȫ˵ԼǸû뵽ȴĺˡ


045 
ݼҲƣַĲʲôʱˣԼûзˣַȴˡ
ˣˣһ죬Ų֣ðһ仰Щ
ַ类ԼĻһַûκλɡ
ַ͵͵Ľֻĺ롣Ǳģûκźţ
ô绰ˣźŵװã

ַ絭ĶΪ׵ĺ˵ʲôˣ
ЦʵĻ̫׳ˡҪʲô˵ĻǻҪ𣿣
ַȻЩֿ϶Ƕ˵ˣ
ðɣҲˡ
ַˣݼҲɱˣߡ
ûַ
Ȼ㲻ɱǴˡΪ׵ĺ˻䣬г߸ɫС͵ǰһףҽУ߸ÿ˵Ķͷһѷɵ˵ϡ
ϴǵȥɱģʱȰԱߵһС˵š
㶮ʲô椺һȻˣ˱ǡ
ϴ󣬿ЩְɣԷ⡣ұߵһ˼æΪ׵ĺˡ
Ϊ׵ĺ˵˵ͷĿ֮һ˿䣬ԸǸеģҶԸŮģսپ
˼ˣŵ¹ݼС㣬ǲԸģǡ㣬˳ʰˣɡ
ɱΪ׵ĺ´
ַ磬סЩˣȥ⣡
ݼ֪ԼѾ˶ˣһʱ䡣ֻҪԼסЩˣַӳȥͺá
ַôܶݼܣ
ַ粻ô
ΪݼַŮˣ
ͬʱͳǹ˶ݼɨ䣬˴Ӻȥסַȥ·
ǲַܣʵַҲûдܣ
ͬʱȭҰַм䡣
ַͻȻо˵ٶԼ۾ǵӰеͷһ
ַڲǰݼһս֮ʱԼݼʱֹǴ鼱֮ʱӡǳģηǳУ
ٺ١Щӵеģ㲻աʱ򡯵ߣֻôûھǱģǸ⡯ѾĲˣֻҪȫѣһǱȫھ
ַ˵仰û
˵ĹλǶȣһĳԼԺ֮СĸλǿĸλܣǸλܡַֻһһһպ˹Ŀյ˹ȥ
ַպһһƻַţַˣһ˵Ȼʧ˫ֻƣַ·ȥϵķǳĬܼĹַ紭ʮѹַֻһӯĹַ½Ƕû
ȫַܵĻᣬһ˽һ˵Ŀ׷ʹԽԽƣô£ÿεĹᱻԷ죬׼ĺҲᱻԷ֣⵽׻£Ҳʮ˽֣ȴûм״˸оޱȵı
ַһֱڷغͶܣûгֵĻᣬҲ˼ӵĻʱ䣬ַһӰƣ
ַѧϰӰƺӰȭ֮⣬ûѧϰĹ򣡵һַûʱ䣡ڶݼʱַ罫ѧĻȹ֮󣬲ַѧϰҪȻȹ̣ѧϰµĹֻʱǳΪһĸ߶ȣͻԽƿ
ַ²ŹĲǰӰɣһɹǿĿžž죬ַһ㣬һʮƣӰܲ͸˸ȥ
˺˲С֣ҲǳƣַÿγƵĵطԼĿţλ˿һַ߼սʩչ
ԽԽ˸һֱֻжܵķݵַôͻȻ֮䱬ôǿս

˫ֶƣ˺ַƣַĳ̫ˣÿ֮жǿھܲ͸Ĺ˺ƴĵֵַƵˣַӰ֮󣬹ʹȻ˵Ķûֹͣĵƣ
ַ˫ֲιλ磬Ҷˣǻ֣
һ㶣ͣ˸ֻͣ޴ӡֱӻ˵ؿڣֱӽ˻ɡ
ݼߴ췭ظΪ׵ĺΪƵݼˣֻжܣûлֵʱ䡣һʱᣬݼҲûа취ȻݼΪ֮£ݼսЩ˶޷ģ书·Ǻ˴ûмģкһ־ú˷ʤҲоѹǵüܵĻ϶ݼĶ֡Ժ˷ǳĽĵ˵
ʵ˿̵ݼȫƴÿÿʽͬھʽ͵ͬھַߣ
ʱΪ׵ĺȻҲַߵ״Ƕ˴󺰣üܣ
ŲԸһˣҪüܣȥ̫ûˡǴ˿̣˲ôˣ˶һۣͻȻˣַ룬һԾַĺ󷽣ǽַĺ·ס
ôǲǴˣҪϢϢӰɣ
ַ緢Լˡʱ䡯⼼ܣ˸ԼвȥַҲаɱˣ
ǴʱַȻ֪ҪˣӲ֪ǰߡ
ַһȭȫת£ĺ˳˹ȥ
˿ַһȭЦţȻȫһɱ䳹ǵϢΧʮ׷Χڵĵһһ㺮˪ߵĿΪ֮ᡣֻ˫ջֵƣ˲һƬָ̯ΪƣַȭͷӲȥ
ַ磬㣬ҪӲƴݼѾˡ
䣡
ڵʯ֮䣬һ죬ַԼȭͷ۵һɺֱϮĵף񺮶һ˲٣ֺͻȻ˱ѩأǵģ䣬ԼһӾͱסˣʼʼѪҺʼᣬϸʼ
ַĵսһɽڶǺ½ַ֣ȱٵս飡Щߣзḻս顣ַ㡣
ñַһĻ䣬º͵Ļ֮ɣַĵˣͱ֮ϵĻ䣬ڷ紵ӵĻ֮ģȫһġ
ַжϳԷߣַԲ
ַȱٵľǾĥ
һϢĸоǵصĴַ
Ҫô
ַоԼʶڽģı
ѵĸо𣿣


046 ħ
˿ַ˲䱻һ񣬷ǳЦš
ƣ
ַһ˼ͬʱһжһѶ̵̵֮ɢһ˲仯һˣųβͣݺݵĴַ̽ࡣ
ʵϣһĻֻӵʱ䡣
ַʶҪɢ֮ʱһŭһӢôôһСˣŶ㡮ʱ򡯵Ǳֻ϶ȲǶˣĺѽô죿ҿɲģǿѣҪʧ˲𰡡
磡Զݼѽѣŭһʱ쳣ȫ񣬶Ϊ׵ĺһŴһ۵ĺɨݼĸǺ˵ļܡȣ
ݼһһ߷ɣصַ׶ദ
磡ݼһѪԼƣ͵ĳȥһƴַ硣
ַϺı㱻һĴ飬ѵıݼһһء
ݼַ¶ȵ屧档
磬ôôҶȥءݼ涣
İɣȪ·Ҳ¹µһ˵ġ֮дһȻֶһݾȻ
Ůˣһ
Ϊ׵ĺԣЦôͿȥɣأһȫʬ
ݼݺݵĵأЦҲڿռѷ֮𣬽ȫϣﱻ޷ָԪʧˣԪ޷ָЩϻģ֣뵱ȫʢʱڣһлɱٶ֣أ𣿡
֡𣿡صĻں˵ĵסԾĺ˼оЩѣλ߶λǱʶѹơ
ݼĻصĴ̼˵񾭣ռѷ죿һٻɱٶ֣𣬾ϣﱻ٣⻹ܻ𣿣˿û˻ݼĻһ֮ѻ𣿣
ݼĽַڵϣȻת֣Ŀɨˣղɱҵķɣɣ
ݼȫͻȻûһ˿һɱеϢڣǣĿһһ㶾һˡ˿ݼĿ֮ŵˡ
Ϊ׵ĺ˼£˸оһϢ壬Ż
£һ˾һʰѾǿ֮ĩŲ˶õġ
Ϊ׵ĺ˵ûݼǿ֮ĩݼԳȥģַĴĵѾһƬң׼űľһս
ݼÿǽң
ͻȻһߴӰݼһЦǰݼǰ
ݼȻ𾪣˼飬ţǼ˷ܣϲ񡭡
磬㾹Ȼûݼ˷ܹȵסַ˫֡ϲӣ˵ζ
ַԼ֣ǻûô㲻͸һȥﰭְţŮ˾鷳
ַ䣬飬ᣡ
ݼһ㶣ô£
ˣݼַ֣ؿһ˿ֿʼðѪ
Ҳ˵վһȥôСˣ˵𣿣ַԵ÷ǳĲͷ
ַĻݼûϹҸЦݣվһߡ
ôܣ˺ϢϾټ浶Ķ㾹Ȼû
˿һĳȫڳһֻ֣Ҫ飬϶һغ֣ǰȴվԼǰ
ַϴĿĵ˿֮Ѫ죬ǰкƣȫðűĺ沿һ
ַ촽ͻȻһּаЦݣɭȻЦţһĶħ
ΧĿһһɳǵĺֱϮ˵
ݼоһǵصɱַ಻ıŷɱڳ˶̲סԡԼȫʢʱڣҲûôصɱ
ⲻһӦӵеɱֻɱǧħӦеɱ
ôݼͻȻȵĿֻš
ܿ죬ǰַ綯ֵĺ˳ܲסǿѹֻоһεһ˲˵ǷӦ˾ͱһƬѪ
һʲôɱֻƾƽ˲ɱ
ʣµˣɫҰףȫùֵַɱһͽ͵ġ
ַԽԽصɱݼоκˡʵʻ֮֮ԣ֮֮Ȼ񷸩ߵɱ˸о𾴣Ĥݡ
ǰƣɱ¾֮
ѪΪϣ
аɱһЩ£ǳɿݣ
˿̵ַʶȫѣԼ֮ͻȻðһɫĵĽιӰӰ˿Ѿȫַ壡һԹһǰһУݼȴΪֻĿԼ屻˿ơ
ַϵɱԽԽأַҲоĵȻܿ壬þѹɱ뽫ɱѹƶ£ǣѹƣɱͷȴԽԽ죬Ʋķã
˿ݼַϱƱƵˣ߰˲ס񡣶ݼ֪ЩɱԼģǶԸԼԼѾǰλһѪ
磬ôˣݼо̬չԼ޷ĵز
ַ粢ûлشݼĻ
һַ̣ϵ˿ڣۿɼٶšȫʼðŨĺֲָ֮ǴںˣоһϢĿ־ֱ˵ʧ˵Ǳ
ַ׿ʼŤ˫ɲǼһƬѪ졣
ݼ֮Уһ˫а˫⣬ĶǸΪ׵ĺˡ
ݼùֵźʴԻͿ־壬⵽ôһ£
ѵħˣ
СӣҺúõĴţҶûж⣡ôһľʲôҼξ㣬ˣѣһöԺˣ´ҿɾȲˡ
ַеĸܵԼһĴڣ
һ쳣ǳԡ
㵽˭
ŵһ񽣵Ľ飡˵ΪħסҪκҵĴڣ


047 
ħ飿
꣡
ַĵ׷ǳ𺧣֪ǲ˺ԼԼ
Ļ䣬ַʶǳʹ࣬ĳַʶﴫһЩİϢ
һֶԾĻ棬һ书ؼݣ׷׵ĳַʶַ쳣ʹЩϢЩϢַȻʹ࣬ҲǳļЩôԼպĳɳһǷһٶȡ˿̵ַһʹಢߡ
ַһɲ֮˱ըԵİһ˲ַͨϵоһ֮ˣǴͨζ澭ΪĽϵľѨλȫͨǴʱַ磬ȫľѨλȫͨζţַԺҲûƿ
һûƿʲôǾֻҪǾͻɳΪͻЩǿߣΪһͻƱչؼʮ꣬꣬ǧ꣡˿̵ַ磬Ժһ;̹̹Ҳûκ谭ȻֻǶ߶ԡɵļЩҪ⾳ϵĸ򣬺ûжϵġ
㵽ʲôˣΪ׵ĺоκˣԼ޷ȫһε
ףǰҪɱԼֻ˲飡
ַ絭һЦɱˡ
ŵİ㲻ɱңΪɱΪ΢ˣ㲻˳Ц𣿡
ЦַʲôЦһôҰѳЦҵȫɱ˲͵ˣȫЦңҴݻǣ˵ôôء
ݻ磿ǺͦˣоⲻЦ
ֱˣһֱ֮ӵ㲻ɱңҸһܣ
Ŷܣʲôܾأʲô£κεıھԵ֮¶ЦôѽôˣҺһֻϷʲô
ǴܣŴ˽һҩ
ַʶ𣬡ȱɱ
Ѿˡ
˵Ļû˵ַ꣬һ㵽Ϊ׵ĺ˸ǰ˵ͷһģ˵ͷ˲һѪƮȻ¡ݼֱԼ۾һ֣ͱôһģһ򵥣һ¾ͱˣôֱˣңȥʬ壬ڼӵʱ䣬һ߸ʬ
ݼ󾪣֪ڵȫַգһ˿ʣǺεаĹ
ɱΪ׵ĺ˺ַĿֻǴ˵ɨ˾͸оһ˹ȥȻȥƽ·һ㣬ͷ­֮ϲȹԴ綹һ˲һƬࡣ
ݼ޵Ŀ־壬ַɱ˵ֶ־壬һɱ֣ٲ̵Ļַֻı仯־塣˿̵ַվ綥˵ħһ㣬ɱ񣬷ɱκ˶޷ֹĽŲϢȫɿֲĺڰѪɣݼҿ
ݼԭڵħ½ּսҲǿǵôǿӦó
ַһλǧħһ㣬κﶼһĴڡ˿ַ̣ȫаռ죬ͻȻתǿϢݼȻ̧Ųݼƶȥ
ݼ͵һȥ˶ԶʼնоɿֲϢԼ֮ľʼûԶַĽɢһ㣬ݼȴڷˣô룿ݼоһ㡣
𣿹ûӳҵģħѪ飬Щֿܵġ
ħǲǾ𣿾½һǧ֮ǰħսħ𣿿Ǵʱ˵أô⵽ô£ƾݼԴҲ벻ס
ϵ㣬ݼҵһξ֮ʱڽʱѷ֮ǰ㡣Ҳɱ㣬ɱһŮˣΪܵģʵҪԭ򣬿ҪȫѣҪҪ֮ϵϡ˵Ϊ̫޷ԣֱӵİ취ɣǿߵȻҲһϣڻеģԣٺ١ҾЦˡ
֪˯˶ˣûп˵ˣڷϻ࣬ơ
ȵȣ񽣣֪Ůˣ㲻ǧǰħս֮ʱǻô
ֱŭˣЦǧŵһԶ޷ңԼһ𣿡
ˣҺɱ֮֮ȡǸ㻹ð񽣣
ŭʲô˵ð䣿ӵʱֻǽʱĴǸ棡
ˣǾ񽣣ɱң֮ǰ֪һ£
ʲô£ãʡ
ݼһħ½һǲǰַ磿
ݼ촽ǳŵĵȴž񽣵Ļش
˵ħ½һǸôܺҵ˱ȣ
ݼһŭҼǵѾǩԼô˵粻ַ磡
ܺǩԼǸԼҵˣһ콵֮ţž֮Ǹ磬ʲô֮ǰꡣĵıƣЫÿ춼ΪԼ滼ûʧΪ˵õԼҪĶֶΣ𣡣ҵһҪаааܴﵽǸˣҪģһҪӵһų֮ģΪֻһų֮Ĳܳסҵħǰ˲䵱ҵˣûг֮ģһǿҲҵˣǸҲһǴ֮ǰȻΪģһѣҰæɱˣûʲôҰҾͰɱҴǱúˣɭúõģҪҴʱֱϵһ߸ʬ
ݼԼԸģݼʱʹʹ
ôʹҸ㣬ΪбҪʹͲ㣡ֻɱָɴҵֻõһ߶ѣ
ݼŭ˵
͵Һ˵ˡ
ݼ֪鲢ûк˵ΪûƭԼɡ
ȻݼѾѡַ磬ǰ飬ǻʹ
ˣʼиģֻиů㰮ָƭãܲʹ
ͣһ¼ҽʱѷ죬ʱѷȻȫйûһ㴿аǲ٣ҾͷգҸոյʱ򣬾ʱպʱպˣҸտסڵǿҪ֮ʱʮʱպ˷ҰΧֱӽҴݻˣǸʱ˽ҵĽڵһʱ䱣ͲȻƿռ䣬硣˵ҾһҵĽϰ壬һʱѷͻҷȡȻġ


048 ޳ܣ
ݼãȻȹңȡ޻˵Ҳȹ㣬ʱѷҵӳ𣿣
޳ܵĵǰҾȹ㣬־ȹңڲǳƽ𣿼Ȼƽˣ˭ҲǷ˭ġŶԣҲֵĻӦͱɱˣô˵Ҿ㣬㻹Ƿһ˵ˣôˣҲһɱ㣬ѾǸˡ
ݼƽĵãɱҿԣ֪ô߹ݣôѡַΪˣ
ݼףѡôѡһһأ
Ըش⣬ŵѵ㲻֪ӵ
ðɣȻҪɱң޻˵ֻӦһ¡
ŶΪʲôҪӦ㣬˵ðĻһҵȥġ
ԶҪ˺ַ磬𣿡ַݼΨһǣңݼ󡣾ԼˣҲַ¡
һ㶣ðɡ㲻˵Ҳ˺ַģҵˣ˺˺Լ𣿣
ĻݼԵĺһЩϻ˵ȡɡ
еΪҾһ˵˵𣿡
˭ݼ˵ɣĲַƶݼоһ޷ܵݼɴ಻κν۵
ɱݼܣɱݼһַڷźš
ʶӦ˸ȥȻҵˣ̫ˣŮ˵ǶһֹʲôıŵرĻһõ˵𣿣
ַ緢ԼʶҪ˵Ļ鶼֪ʶӦ㲻ɱݼݼҵŮˣɱҾɱ㿴Űɡ
вңҾħݺ꣬вҵȫΪҵĽ꣡оޱȵıַвǳãַɱôҲ϶ʧ
ǽôַܽвô룬ʶӦڸһξݼĻᡣҷѪһֻ֮ȻǳϡǷǳڽ߶Ѫ֮еĻҺڰһ£ӮˣҾͷŹݼ
һİϢƮַʶ
𣿣
ˡ
ʶֻһ˲¡
ףôûݼ˫ַۣһվԭأԼϢѾȥ
ݼͻȻоַϢڽǵصɱͺɢܿ죬һɺȻַ಻ɢϢͺڰϢȻ෴ıһ½а֮ѹȥϢΧַڷĲаĽ
ַһͻȻûһɫַ壬˲佫ڰϢѹȥǣǺڰϢҲʾ˲䱩ǣ޾ĺɫ˽ɫ
ַһ˸һƣа֮䣬˭˭໥ɡ
ݼַıѾȫŤηǳʹ࣬޷ܵ
𽥵ɢȥ˿̵ַʶѾѣǹѪɢַоԼ֮УһŽɫһźɫڻɣͷʹѣʣԴ֮ҧ׵
ַҲΣȴһȫʧȥĿȨһǣƣһִֹԼԣִڸԼιȥôһɰ׳ա
ַ̣ڳܳ޷ܵʹ࣬ԼʬֺԼ˽Ŀ־ַ񾭺ܿ촦˱Եַоʱ·ֹͣռ·͡ȫﶼһȫʧʣµֻԼʹࡣ
磬
ݼڷⶼǽı
ݼ޷ַֹ޷ֹ
ַоʱһͰݼаĽֻ֣Ƕ̶̵ļʱ䡣󣬺ڰռϷ磬ȫɫϢѹȥ֮һָֻƽ
ٺ٣СӣϵˣϵѾˣûʲôӰ죬ѪԴղ˵ġҴӦݼ˿ַ廹һȫƿš
޳ܣǲǸͲɱݼΪڵǲǣַʶŭš
ûҵˣݼŮˣô£ұءɱݼľͻԺ϶Ϊǿߣ
޳ܣ޳ܣַŭš
ܶ˶ҵģ޳ҵǿЦš
һ޳ĳ̶Ǿأˡ
ˣˣ㲻ҪˡҲΪ˿ȫѣҾˣҾͻΪһʱңɱ˭ɱ˭뿳˭Ϳ˭ǧħҲɱɾ
Ļν˵ĵس
ҳΪǿˣҵһͰҵϳȻĥ㣬Ű㣡
ðǸ£Ҹ˻أſԷӳ
ϻ˵ҵ廹ң
˵ĶģɲʲôϻҪľ㾡ռЩŵرգҲܾѵĿ졣
ַŭŰ㣡Զĳ˯ԶĶҪ
ûĵģ鱻ĲУҵˣһҲǶһ𾴣㲻ңԿֻԼȺ󶼾㼸ˣңʣˣΣƵҵʶˣ֪˷ҼյһлΪ˾㣡ҵѾȫѨλȫͨˣԺһ˳⻹ҽ֪ҩ֪ʶͶ֪ʶؼҲʶˡҼŵر㶼ң
飬Ҹ㡣֪Һܶ࣡ղŵƭңô࣬ҪϵĻ֮ҿ϶㣡Ϊʲôƭң޵ľǱƭңַ粻֪ôģ֡
Ϊ˿ѣΪ㡭
ݼ˽ַʶԻ飡ַַ֪Ժж룿Ӧң˺ַģ
ݼʲôƨ½ŴѪ棬û˾ˣôˣô𣿡
ݼޱȣΪݼ֪ʲôǾ½Ҳû˵ʲôǾŴѪУǽĻǼٵġ
ַֺ飡һ죬һỹġ
ַܵеʹ࣬æѡˣҪ˯ˣٺ˵ȥ֪˷ҶԺҴӦ㣬ˣ̫ûˡ


049 
ʧˣĿȨ»صַ
ݼ
ַոо弫ȵѣһѣΣ˹ȥ
ݼæ˹ȥַ籧˻ݼһַƣֻǹƣݼŷ

һ紵һ˳С·ڡ
˿ַݼֱ֮ӳ˺ɫ¶һŷŭ
ֲָݼҧгݵĵ㡭ݼС㣬Ҷ˵ٴˣɱͨˣ㿴Щʲôʮˣɱʮô
⡣źŶƬ˱ȥܲƬ⸺𣬸ս죬ͳ飬鶼ˡ
ݼһȻݵı飬Щͨ˲ɱģˡɱģߡ
侲ϸĹ۲Űֳϵһʬ֮ʱгĪĿ־壬ݼС㣬ģ
ǵģġݼȻ˵ַɵġ˿̵ַȫûһƣֻЩңɫЩ԰ףȻΪַǱŻȥˣͲỳɵַɵġ
ûжʣȻߵﱻٵĺǰǵ󾪺ŵˣȻǸﺣû뵽˰ɡ
͵վִŭðøţɱһҪɱǵĹ
ƽһ飬ȻݼС㣬γˣΪΣ
ݼȻĵһڣĶǾŲ㡣
ݼĻĿ⿴ݼˣԼĻԼ϶ˡݼĹۻǵˡ
ݼСǺ֡ݼС㣬ʲôأĳһ¡
ԴϴѧУݼԶ˵ĵ󣬾ݼһŮӡ϶Ŀǰɵ˽İ˾Ųʮ
ݼϴ㴫͵ҵϣȫˣɵҲ˽⡣֪źŶô꣬ЩСС֣ûжǣΪҶףִˣ˭ҲճΪҵĺ涼иţ㶦ÿҶǻҶһôĿ϶šԣźŶô⼸ʮûгֹ϶˴Ĺ
۾һ㻳ţ
ûʵҾͻɣǽѾȷŸĹ
Ըꡣ
ݼﺣʱ˵һܣû˵꣬ˡ˵˽һҩ
üͷ壬ҩʲôҩ
û˵ˣĹؼ˳׷ȥһˮʯ
Σһ㱨Ԫġ
ݼʵŵɱ๩ģֻҡ
ɱңһסˣﺣɱԼĻôԼ˵͹ˣĶͷһ亹
ݼǵģﺣ׿˵ġҾ֪ɣÿɶһӥһңǲŻٶԸһôĶֻ֣˵һ⣬ǾţǺǡ
֮󣬵ɱǵĸŵԶɽսһܾˡû죬ɱңЩҲ̫ͻȻ˰ɣΪʲôô񣿣ôʲôôأ˵Ϊ˵̣Ҳ̫ǣǿˣȥźܾ֮ˣʱ˵һ⣡
˵ʲôԶɽһȻݼҲ֪Ϣ
ǰ¡ɱңǲ̫ˣ
ݼһµڶʱڴݻţһĿš̫ԭأҪɵˣ˭أ
ݼôһ˵⵱Ȼףôãìͷָšû뵽ݼͣ˼ķǳ͸
ţҧгݵĴӿб֡
źŵĶһΪһֱ⣬ԭͲκϽˣݼСĳܽˡǲ֪ݼСԽкοϴ
ݼûлش𣬶Ƿʣô
ȲҩƷ̫ԭصҽƻȫһƿأҲò顣ԣֻܵ飬䡣
ݼƲƲ죬˶ˣҪɱ氵ɱѵͲһζȥֻʲôûСˣˡŶˣУַĸԱɣַ¼١
ݼ˵꣬ᣬַȥ
ݼߺ󲻾ãһӰСڣ˹Ǯٳǡ
ǮٳǸֳָģΪʲôÿμ㶼û£ɱ㣡ż죬ֳô£һĲˣ
ⲻᱩ׵Ǯٳǣĵ͵ôãóˣ


050 ıеı
ΪǰӦһǿɱˣ֮󣬾ͿǸ椶ԻҲǲ𣿡Ǯٳ˵ţһ֧ѩѣⶪһ֧
ӹѩѣûеȼǼ˶üǰǮٳǵҲǱɱģ
ǰǹɱ̫ˣôԶ˶ʮӣôԶҶӦĵֲ̫ˣûǿϧһһǿߵɱǹɱԸ߶ˡֲ̫ˣ£
Ҳһļ£ҲûţҸоǹɱݼСϵġ
Ǯٳǵ˵ͷҲͬУݼСĹȻǿǻûֲֿʵҸоȥߣҲݼСɱġ
ҲͷϿɡȻݼС㲻ң϶⣬ҲʡǮӳô
ǮٳЩ²ؼĵһܱô죿ҸóԵĳԣúȵĺȣ棬Щ֮˵ʲôֻҪǲ˺ͨ˾ͺãɱͨˣ鲻Ҫֵ̫ͺá
ⷭ˷ۣûĵ˰˸ͨˣѵʹô𣿡
ߺߣôˣҪŴѪ
ЦЦصǮٳǵļ򣬵ʦܰΣһҪǴѪݺݵĳѪȻˣŵĵ˳Ѫ϶ˡ
ǮٳǷ˷ۣСҪҽУСĸǽж
ʦܣĹṩװ˭ĸŶˣʦܣ˽ҩƷ飬鷳ͨЭһ¡
УǮٳһھܾ
̾һٳǰҲ֪ܶ飬Щ˶ûа취ֵģйݣЩײõġСµĻҿ϶鷳㣬εǣ̫󣬹غŵĴҲغ̫ԭصֲ룬̫ԭؿˣһɲ̫ԭصĻʱƽ򱻴ңʱæˡԣæһҪҶкô㿪۰ɣǮҶԸ
ǮٳȻеһ£ÿԼʡÿɵߣǿΪ𣬴С㣬СϺ׵Ȼ򡣵ǲʡֲһ㶼ƽģÿ֮ҲʡȻҲһ˵һ㣬֮Ҳ
ÿҪַֹÿ⻼һ²ʲô£ʲô£Ҳ̨½УһɱôɶỢ
ԣһֲƽģ˭Ҫƽ⣬ôһȼһ㣬һʰ̫ԭصȫˣ϶һȣֹε̣
Ǯٳǵİɣʦ֣æҰˣʲôǮǮˣѣôĻĲءʦְģųٴ£̫ԭĿˣҲʦµġ
лл㡣һ§סǮٳǵļǳϡ
үǵģ˵ʲôллأ㲻ҪˣǿǴɿһ𳤴ֵܣ
ǵģֵܣ
˸пһӶЦ
ˣ¹ݼַ磬ǲǰܲþƵſڽ˴ɵˣ
ǵġ治ɫЩ¿϶ס˵ġ
ð⣬Ҷƣ
ǵġ
Ǯٳ㵹ǴİˣǼٵģİɣ
ǵġ
ȡԣǸеĳִǸëʱŮĿ϶ŵˣ
ǵģ
ð⣬õĺݣڸңݼʲô·
ƳƲۣ㲻ǺܲԼȥ鰡Ҹ𣿡
㡭
̾һҲ鲻˵Լһ˵ͽܣСɽﳤҺദһʱ䣬оûɵ㡣
ǮٳǵˣҩͽҴˡʦְôЩĲ֪ò˵ֻҪ½飬һ⿪ϵķӡõʦȫСʱֵսһͳ̫ԭأ
ǮٳǵĻһᣬȥ¾ͲҪˣⱲӣҶ̫ԭصģڽǮȨѾĺܵˣľչ˺ĸĸˣˣˡ
ĬȻıӰǮٳ̾һ
ǮٳĿ֮һ˿ݶʦ֣ҩҸŵģô飿İɣʦ֣һ취⿪ķӡ̫ԭɺܿͻḲ𣡵ʱ̫ԭؾǵģ
ûãֳֳȫաǮٳͳ˹Ҳŵ֤ȫѹڶ죬ﲥһϢ̫ԭɶŹ˫ʮˡ
ַ翴Ϣ֪֮ѾѹȥҲ
ڶһ磬ҽԺ¥̨Ե˿վһŮԣŮķǳĺãĿһĸӣţп㣬װ㿴֮ʱͻЩײ̷࣬ĹһǸˣ
Ŀʼңĳһĳ˼֪ʲô
ʮӹһװĵӿ첽̨Ů˹еĳЩһɫװɵĴͷֱģЩ
ǿ磬ǹɱ̫ˣﶼЩ¡ŮӵӵߣЩµĵ
ǿĸĺڷ¡
ǿ֣һתͷŸǿɫôˣ


051 Ҫͳһ̫ԭ
ǿҺԶɽϵˣµﺣɱ⡣ҵ鵽ﺣڰ·֮ݼﺣźݼ˳ͻȥˣȫˡŶԶɽ˷ǳأԪġơ𣬷ǳءûиﺣˣֻ˵˺صˣƣԶɽƿƲסϾﺣԶɽĽֵܡеϢѾʱԪɽǲ֪ġƺתٸɣϾԶɽҲǵѣڲǳȥʱ򡣡
ɫһһĲԶɽǵĴ֣ʲôʧ͵ҩȥﺣ֪ﺣԴʲôҩȻݼ֣ƻļƻҺݼûҪȻװ˷һֻҩ
ǿһô죿
ǵļƻɱ⣬źȫͻûȴﺣҲãڻһݣͼԪɽɱɣˣֻкôֵԽԽãԽԽã
ǿҾЩˣҾٹϼжɡɱŵĺӥǰԶɽԪܾˣɱݼɱĻھԶɽжŵ˻ĵģỳɵǡ
ģתֻعͷôǮٳṩҩôٺ١
Ҫ֪һ֮ڣ˭ҲǿԶɽԶɽ¸ʲôǾ͵øʲôοҪڲȨǵҪսپǴϢĻᣬʱ仳ٸʱĻȶ侲ỳɵǵͷϣ
ǿķҲﻹһ֧ҩβõһ֣ǽǾ׶ˡ
֧ҩǱðɣѾûлԴˣһ֧Է󻼡ŵԶɽǵˣžֻʣһˣѾηˡǱߣݼǵİ壬ҲΪǵˡʣԪǵвȳȥ⡣ٳȥŵݡԪԪٵ죬ͽݼˣʱ̫ԭؾŵˣͳһ̫ԭغĶԸأƽأУ
ǿ㣬ǮٳǿǺҩǣ󣬻᲻ᱳͱһ
΢ЦѾڳɽǮٳʲô𣿹
Ҫͳһ̫ԭأ˶Ϸң
̰ﱻַ֮󣬶˵ڵڶõϢëϢ˵ʱ̱ˡ̰ԼָʹģȫɱˣȻţֻǺͶԷƴЩţԷǸɵģﲢû˵
˾֮࣬ߺ޵Ľеˮˤڵϣˤķ顣˶Իëëҽôģֻ̽̽˵ĵףһиٶɱˣΪʲôôɱҪ޷죡ҪΪԼ·¼𣿣㿴ʲôΪʲôôˣ
ۣ˿ƲסԼ쳣ֱһѪ˳պøëһ
ѾѧУʧȥΨһǵ̰ˣڵ̰һҹ߽֮ˣֱŭģ³һѪ
ëҲŸᣬõϢ֮һʱҶˣ˱˸
æĨϵѪսս쳣ֵĵǸ磬ҲǰķԸµġ£ʱ䣬ص㣬ѡҲҲ߻ģ˭Ҳû뵽˰̰ǼҲǲȥЩССֻ͵£ǿ϶ں˻ƴȫǸ磬ǰԼıʲôҪ˶֣򲻹ܵģ˭᲻Ҫĺ˻ƴǸ磬ǲţһ⣡
ëôһ˵˴Ŵ˵ͷͬ˻ë˵Ҳ𽥵ƽϷ£ϾţӾû飬϶ûбô򵥣϶вΪ֪Ļ
ëǸ磬ǻǱһܰɣһ鵽Ǿ鷳ˡ
ڻëͷϺݺݵһ£ʲôֻҪû£ϲûἰַݼˣǾ֤鲻ǣǣ˵ˣҰʲôᣬֻҪǮʲôˣ
ëæͷϴǸѵǡôǸʲôָʾ
ȭͷյıֱ죬ϵıÿᣬֻҪ˰и˾ͺãҰְֻ֮һҪ
ҹسǵƻͨ
̫ԭĽĽ豸Ǵ۹ڶȻǷǳĸߣһ˶ѲǸ˵á
˿̣Ϣ˵ĶһķǳõĽСȫļ߸ߵĹ𣬻ս꣬ӹСëϵˮա
ࡣ
˲ûнɳЩѾ˺ܾˡ
Ǹ磬˺ܾˡʵ
˿࣬Щĵ磬СǾСôңʲôأ
࿴ˣϵˮеĵǸ磬˵ǰ쿴һͼݹԱϵôˣ
⼸£Ͼͷڡ
סеŭŮĽݼȷƯɩеһȡҿûǸŮѣһһ꼶ַ硣
ЦЦŶȣȻһ֧̣ĵѧУǸ㲻˵ɣҪĨǣϷһжԭԭĸҡ
ȻǴĵϴ󣬵һӼ¡Ƕ˵ͷҽƴѧǳԶȫǹࡣһˣôҽƴϴ˭ôǸ˿϶˵Ƕˣ࣡ҽƴϴַ磡
˺һǾˮˮûʲôҲûʲôڣôԵ޹ʵԼЩ飿и㲻ףʲôѵҪԸַ磿ĶԸַĻ̫ˡ
ǰǰһ˵һǿǲ𡣡
϶֪ѾַķǳҡɵЦţǲָʹ̰ȥǣ̰ȫˡʻֻص㡣
ԣʱһ亹ô֪
࿴ɫ԰׵Ķˣ㲻£ûж⡣ֻһ¶ѣ̰һȥ˼ˣ
˸
ûĽɫ磬ߣ
ߣһãȻûС
û𣿡
ûС
ǳƣѵ˲֪Ǹʲô𣿻Ƕųɹö̤ˮ
һ̣Ȼ󻺻˳ˣûʲôˣ߰ɡ
Ի˳ȥ
ַ磬ݼһŹ㣡һ˿ݶĹâݺݵĽͷڵϣĲš
ͳһֻֻ˺þãڲͨһϤĺ롣ι֡


052 ʮ֮ڶ
绰ﴫһǳдԵ˵ٴˣǽʱ̣Ҫͨ绰һ˽źţ֪ݣǿ϶㲻飡
֪֡ҵˡ
ʲôԶɽ󾪣ûжԸ㣿
Уĸȫˣ⼸죬һֱҸ㣬ҡ
ȿȿȿȡ绰ͻȻһҵĿԡ
֣ôˣôˣ
û£ԪһܣܾˣûǺòˣԪҲòȥֱӱҿ˸ȿȡԶɽЦ̫ǣƣͿ
ְֵ֪Ʋᣬżĵ֣ô£ôܺԪ
ԶɽΪʲô϶Ϊ˳ĵ̣Ԫ̫ˣʱȻ˶࣬Ҷ֣ܲѾɱ˺ӥɱԪôžˣ
ðְһֱϲɱɱʲô鶼ȥȥжϣȥֻܾˣǰְΪʲôҪأ
֣պƴһܣΪʲôȥȥɱݼ屻ɱˣͬһĺڵĸܳĵӣ֣ô£Ϊʲô
Զɽ֮󣬿ʼЩɣõϢﺣ仰Լ˵ģԼĶӳ˽ˣﺣûԲ˵ﺣѾˣ
Զɽһ֮͵ĿֱһںѪ㡭˵ʲôﺣˣ
൹һͷˮˣѵְ㲻֪ϵŰְֿ𣿣
Ԫɽ˵ϲЩСɱ
ǵģŵˡ
ԶɽԣֿϽ˼ˮѹԼŭ飬ﺣȥɱ⣬ݼﺣ𡭡ϢǷ׼ȷ
ԪɽĲţԼĽֵҰﺣˣһӸоǳĻ㱣Խʵﺣȥɱ⣬ΪʲôȴҪɱݼ
ѾˡϣҸоСһɳɱŰְҲоˡҹȥ֮Ӧ˺ƵϢ̫ԭأĳֻڵļ˻ʹãҴĵ绰ػȥңûˣҾ֪ˣǻȷѧУһЩ˾һЩСպڳµصѧУһݼŮְ߹ңŮŵĹݼһ֡ϵ֣ҾƶϳĳˣҲ˵Ǹݼɱˣ
ԶɽŵľˡΪʲôŵҪƭԼأСݼˣ㶯֡еĻͻְ֡
ְ֣ҲȥҾǺ֮ûô򵥣ⱳһвΪ֪ıϰ֣ǰһ˵ְֽµĲֲҵתøˣû£
Ԫɽƽĵ£㲻òģзִ硣
֣ҪЩ飬ͺú˰ɡ
Զɽп˵ӣ㻹ǻܲɡǰ˭ҲҶģںֵôһһεİɱǵˣһᱨѧУһ⣬һݼôܷ㣿ˣˣҾôһӣҾͽȥɡ
Ҳ֪ԼĴͷڹ꣬ǰ˭ҶŮͬˣʲô¶пܷ
Զɽչ˵绰һʱ䣬绰
绰һǳŮôˣ
Զɽĵģˣ
ôôⲻǹһЩҩȥˣƺаһ֮ڵƣǻд
Ԫɽһҩ֣ȫԾĳ鴤˹ȥһ£¶òˡ
Զɽʵ㣬ңǵĸﺣǲˣȴˣ
һ㶣ô֪ǵġ¸ˣӰƣ㶼֪ˣҾ͸ɣȫˣҵģã
ȿȿȡ㣬㡭
ĵȥɱ⣬ôݼˣⲻôҸ㣬ݼǵˣǷǳҪԺҪ
Զɽ˰أ㣬ôң
鱾Ǿܣٳʲô㣬סҪȥ˭ҲҪݼУݰɱ⡣ʱ͵صԼʮ֮ڶ֡
ַ˰¼٣ַһֱڼ죬һֱǳ᲻֮ڵҲޡ
飬һĻһĻĳַԺַҲ֪ԼԺסһǿ꣬һо񽣵Ľ顣Դϳ֮˳˯
ַԷ췭ظı仯鸽֮־µĸоַĵףһһʪڵȴŷѿ
Դӽ鸽ַ֮屻ݲеıˡаַ֮屻սȻѾָϾԼܵƣȻ˵ڽİ˲ԼһʱָˡڵƸΪءദ𣬼Ѩλգֻ޷ָûҩĻ
Ϣ˼죬岻תݼ⼸Ҳûȥϰ࣬һַ硣빺ҩľѡ
Ͷ˴ĵʮڵ̰ﱻĵڶ죬ַ˳õ֣ͨת˹ġ
֮ݼ뵽˾ѣַȥƽС


053 ȫ
ַ綼üûһ¥ƽضΰĸ¥úͻĹֵ̳ϳˮȺˮһӿšõĸ߶ȷһԱġ
ӹ㳡ҵƽĴ͹̳ɯٻʦƷƵȳңĿϾӣˣȫ¶һơ
ַǣݼ֣ɢڹ㳡СϻַļϣĿֵĴΧĶγŲСϻģضһ޳ţֶϣ鷳СϻҪַ
ĿƷӶ˵Ĵǳָͨѵĳǿ˶ͶͲĿ⡣
ַݼЩˣǱֱݵķȥ
ַ磬˵ڵ㣬ʾûеҡݼŵϵİť
ݼĽ컹̫˽⣬¥ݡַݼ֣Զһȫڣƿţȥ
ȥ֮һʮ׵ͨͨǳĻ谵ûκεƹ⣬ͨľͷʲôûУһǽɫǽڵס˵ȥ·
û·ܰɣ
ݼǽڣҸоĻҪŨǽ϶ǽˡ
ûû·ַǽڣ˼ǽڣûʲôӦ
˵š
ַϹǽںǰ¹⡣
ַ͸ǽڣ档
һ˫ǽһ쳣ϵ
˫
ȫ⡣
˾ˣŰɡַǳ֪λõˡŪİš
ǽͻȻһѷ죬ǽһתһĴ򿪣һͷףƵַ߳ݼǰ
ݵֻʣƤͷϵļȫİݣƤЩƣͷңβ룬ľһɾĹһΪһؤ
һִֻ˾ƿһСھƣֻƲһˣɡ
˽ȥǵϱǽһ
ŷһȳӡַ粢ûΪߵߣΪһϢѾַԺԪڸ֣Ʒҩʦ
ȻЩϢǽ鴫ַģֱǸң
ַзǳĳԾƽ¾ƽаһССĿŵĶԪڸַ֣ͻȻ룬ǲֵİײôɣȻַֻѣߴ֮ѡ
ҩʦʦ󷨵ȸְҵַҲǴݼ˽һЩȻͬ磬ܶͬ򷨹һ϶һµġ鴫ַЩְҵ֪ʶһЩ߶˵֪ʶַѹⲻˡ
ҩʦͶʦǷǳ𾴵ģҩʦƳĵҩǵıرƷΪƶ벻ҩЩ˵еĵҩһͨ˷ãҲڶݵʱڱɳǿߡ
һѺõԣҲ׷ĶһǿӺܶһӵǿߣȫϻͬȼĶ֣Ǵ˵е˵жתƣ֮ܣ
ȻְҵҪǳĿְ̣ҵ˷ǳ١ҪǿҪǿľҪ츳;ǿĲٿ͸ӦһӵСܣԿκʣô϶ԳΪһλϸҩʦ߶ʦ
ǰãǰ߽׻ᡣ
߻عͷſַһۣȻĿƵݼϣһ˫軨ǵͻȻһüͷһ𡣶ĿܿƵַϣڵˣôò̫ټˣǶϲģҲͽϲİɡ
ַæǰַ粻ҡȻַ粻ǻļǧµƷһǶģַ绹ǽ˼ǰɡ
ãһСӡһ󳩿ĴЦһЦƶһȻҽʤϹͷĻ㻹ǽһүүɡ
ַЦүүãҽַ磬Ůݼ
顭СϻĿַ磬ȻڹַûнԼ
ҲһǲǸֻСèˣĵԼèˣèжѧˣҲã˶Ŀˡ
ҵĳСèСϻַԼըգۡ
ݼĺһүүá
顭ַͷϵСϻգŴ۾һ
ʤСèͰЦЦȻַ˵һɣ
ַǵġһЩҩ
ˣɡ
ʤұ߲Զһţַ֮緢ǰֻ֮һǽס˵ȥ·һƽ׵ķ䣬һŻСֿ⣬û·
ʤǽһ£֮ռһ΢ŤƽĿռһƵһʮ׵̨׳ǰ
󷨣ַЩȣԺϢַ֪ʶ֮д֪ʶһʤַǰĻжϳһ󷨡
һʮ׳̨ףռǳĻ谵ַ緢ǽϹҵ֮ﲢǵƾߣǶһְɫľʯǳĺ档
үүʲôôᷢ


054 ׻
ݼҪشʤȴǰ棬ˮҲһˮ֮һ
ַʻʤжϵһһǳСˣͨˮû
̨׵ľͷһǽʤһƣƱǰ΢һЩַ绹ǿĶˣҲĬĬļСʤǽһѣռһֳ˼׵̨סһ·ʮ˶ǽʤһ·Ҳʮ¡
ַǶס𣿡ʤͻȻתͷַݼ
סˡͬĵ
ʤĵ˵ͷŻ׵ĺʱʲôû˵ȴסҵַ˵ԶֻܲһССĻҲǽ׻ķ󷨡׻һ󷨱ţѹнͨҲɴݻöСͻ󱣻šҸղĵĵطЩСͻۡûͨ˽ͻᷢһͬû·Ҳ˳ȥˡֻѲߵģݾǿһ߻ϼСʱʮСʱͻġ
ллүүַݼ˿лʤ˿»ܳʱ䡣
лҡҲǣǵʣòһͷͻʤжϵûûʤַаʮ֮ھƽе󷨣
̨׵ľͷһţſһˣ°ͣеһ̨ԣ
ϲģ˭ģȥпô죡˿ʤ֮ŭɽңϷֵļⲻȻš
ַԣֱӾͻˣһСС弶ߣȻһԪڵĸִСУ

ַ˵ֱһƳ˵ɿȥ
ȣ
˵һӳѪӡַֺءϰ׵ˣַӲ
˺޷ֲô벻ͨôͻȻƵĹԼһڵ
ַĶ˵һҪ㣬˼صģ˼ң´ξͲһô򵥣
ַ϶Լ˽ġһԪڸ֣Ǳָǿߣǿ߸ùϵ϶ûһԪڵĸ֣ôŵأȴǸߣ߾ȻһԪڵĸִСУȻ˵ְλʤְλߣΪʲôأַ˼⣬Ȼʡ
͵ַŭ㵽һˣ
ɣֵľͷַ統Ȼ˵ԼǴ̫ԭġĻһСطģ˵Լֵģɲ¡
ãơ˷һݻٲַ硣һˣһݶ󣬲һŵǵģѵҪ㱨ԼһǶˣǻ㱨ˣһԷͷܴ󣬻㱨棬Լķ붼Ͷˣ
ʤĿַ磬ͻȻʱԼҲô嶯ַһеڱϾˡ
ַ磬ݼʤԶ˵ǽ׻ˣһ㣬Խ½׵ĶԽҾͲˣ滹
үүټ
顭СϻҲʤ˵ټ
ʤһƵЦЦתȥ
˽׻ַ֮ݼǰһǰĸַǴ̨̳ϵĸƷĿÿƷ϶ȷıۣ;ϸ˵飬ߵۻС㶼ƯŮͳһְҵװЦݵӭÿһ˿͡
ҪŮۻԱò绨ŮӣʵЩۻԱȫһ㲻ȵߣ
һ¥Ĺ˿ͲǺֻܶ࣬ɢʮ߶
ַݼһ¥תţ˿һѰԼҪĶһ¥඼ǿʯҩݣ۸һʮ֮䡣ʯãҩȻǼֵƵҩݣǸַҩ
ַ˫Ŀɨһ㣬ĿʯҩݣһݳַԺַܿ˵ΪҲܿʯҩݵܣȻǽַܴרҵܡ
һ¥תһȦûַҪĶ˱ݣ˶¥
¥ҪҲǳƷȻҲЩĿʯǱһ¥Ҫöࡣַݼ˶ĺܶ˽⣬ǣһ̨ǰһۻС
ݷԱĽܣ¥Ĳҵڶ칫ģеǶ칫ͳһۡȻҲһЩɢԼֻۣȡһѶѡǹ涼йͳһʾʲô⣬ֱ칫ɣЩɢ涼Щߵ֣һһۺڱ޷ΧԼڵ⣬Ǳ޵ģͿֱҵߣţܲˣΪԼ֪ȡ
ۻС̬Ⱥܺãʱشÿλش𶼷ǳϸ滹һ䣺ϣҵĻشЦݣ崺硣
ַݼ˽⵽ɵ͵һΪһƷȻһĸֻͨķ룬Ʒ׻֮ڡھƷ֮ϵĻ֣ۻСʾҲַ֪翴ջСֻ̬ãҲ˳һµҩĻ֣һҲһƷְҵְҵҲһƷ
¥Ƕ칫Ĳҵ¥ҩĲҵ칫ҩǱҿƵģǸ˵Ĳҵ칫ͺҩ鼰ҵÿ䡣ÿеģֻ֮ᣬĻ᳤󣬿ԺеĻ᳤ƽƽ
ϣߣʦҩʦܶ˲Ŷ׷׵ļ˹ҵ顢칫ҩᣡϲԼɵģͻɣԼһЩС֯ҩ֯ƺͨ˵ְҵһ˹Աƽգ⣬ֹͬѡ
ǷԼɵģɻҩ֯һţȫΪ˱Щ֮ͨĳͻҡ磬ÿеĸɶ˼أҩ֯ɹأ
ЩҵǣɹʡɡԼ֮ߵĳͻɹʡٲٲã
ַۻС˽ôϢƨˣַĲ˼ˣ˼Ҹ˵ô࣬ʲôȻˣ̫ⲻȥˡ
ۻС㶼˺üΡλҪʲô仰ˣ˶ǲʱģۻСҲǷǳĵĻش𡣿ڣʵ̫ˣʱ̫ˣݼҲЩ˼ˣʾַߣַȴҡҡͷָָ̨һСذףоذݼ÷ǳĺʡȻۻСذҪˡ
260˵顣ۻС㻹ǵһô˵ˣذ׿ֱ˵ҪˡǰĿˣǰѶóϰ죬ȻһѵëּۻۣеҪ󵱳ܣܸѲЩˣһëҪ߽гۻС϶ַ֪Ѿ֪ذ׵ܣ죬ȸϢѾַԺ
ʮ𣿣ַȻ
顭СϻǳĽһ
Ŷ˼ıǩѹס۸ߵǸ2ˡۻСóذףַ翴ıۡ


055 ˾
ַһ²֪ˣΪʱѾΧ˺üˣڿذסЩ˶ЩѡߣҲˣ϶ЩСǣһѳֵ̫ˣõ𣬲ֲе˶ת˶ûѡ£ͻȻһôѡһҲ͹
ַװģĿ˵飬ȴôĿ֮ôʮ򰡣׸ҲҪʮǿӵֻһ𣿾׸ʮʣµĻȥŽ裿
ѵ˵ҪˣתˣԱô˿ţôοŮߣôܶˣ˶ˣԺط칫ɲ̳ͬͨⶫֵʮ򣬲ǼǮСַǸڰղݼʾԼˣԼʲô񾭣ʲôӣ߶߲ˣ
ַƤԱû˵Ļַ϶ݼˣѵڵô˵˵˼ûǮ˵ҪˣûǮˣߣַǵһ˰
ʵʮַ͵ģ׸͵ôǮأô죿ַ绹Ҫҩأ
ַڷɿתţͻȻ۾һһİ취Ҳţϣ취ԽԽã
ûбʺֽһ¡ַͻȻۻСһҪ
У
ַһŰֽ֮дһ嵥
ʮʮˡңһˡʯ
ַֽдʮֲϡÿ֮»һЩ㹫ʽϵķݶķǳľȷ
ַд֮ۻСЩܹǮ
ãרԱԤ㣬ԵȡۻСڵǰַдЩһ¥һԤԱ
ӹۻС뿪ԣЦݵĵг۸Щܹʮˡ
ṩЩϣ˸ҴһذףѵǶǮأ
ԵȣۻС˵ǰѯרҵԱ
ͼۣʮ򡣡
ǰΧ۵˶ַ֪ҪЩݸʲôڶˣԭǰǸмңпǹ߳ӵģ
ŶˡַһȻӣʮʮˣѧ̫ãûĻذӦʮ˲Ŷԣôʮأ
ۻСŷӦ˹ǰΪַҪЩĿʯΪҪ˴һĴͻôԼɿ϶ܶ࣬ڿءû뵽ǣԷȻһмң϶Ҳģ
ۻСɫһӱˣϵְҵԵЦȫʧ֮һűס
Χ۵Щˣһֻĸо˳˱ӵˣ칫߳ӡ
ۻСܿ첦ͨһ绰ܹܣ߳һ״Ҵˣ鷳һ¡
ڿĻƶɫˢһ±ˣ۽ǵƳһڽİ׷ߡ
׷Ȼ˻ƶ쳣ܹܣڿʱ䣡ûлˣ䵱֮£Щʮ𼱣ʲô㲻̸ܻʲô
ƶһŭĻ᳤һţ᳤߳һЩ״鷳
ʲôһŭˣһ½еصˤϣŵԱһ亹
ܹܣܹôģҼûлҸջ£ôڼж£Ϊǹǲг㵽ôģ£ûרŵԱ𣿻Ҫ֪ܹͨô˶ǳ԰׷ܹǲǲˣ
ܹͷ亹ͷ᳤ε飬Щ֣Էͷܴܺ󡣡ʵܹҲ֪ĴСҲаǸۻС㣬£ұʦߣǵĵ̣ȰѹȥҸһΪʲôأڻ᳤ڷ𣬻ƶ϶˵С£ҪȻԼԲ˶ˡ
ܴ󡭡ãĻ鵽˽ڳȥʲô˸Ƕ칫£Ȼ˶ܲˣܹܣ˵ܹܾ͸ûһˣ
ܿ죬һ۾İ׷ߴ߰˸ЩΧ۵˿˰׷ߣų羴ĽĿ⡣ַжϣͷ򵥡
ֳֻ֮ﱻһȺΧţۻС֮⣬˶һЩ˿͡
ܹܣ΢ЦĿŻƶǻƶߵЦɫˢһ°ˡ˼ԣû˴
ƶǣǿļһЦݣæߵۻСģ¡
ʼձһָ߹ЦݣԭİǻܹҲ𣿡
ܹľ֪Լ˾ЦԽͰôԼԽңŭ˵ǺһֱЦôͳ׵군ˡ
ƶæͷĵ᳤ҵԺһԱǿѵ
ˡߵµнˮͿ˰ɡ
ѽ£᳤һƶҲкԩǲ˵ȻͷǺվһ߰οԼҺְλסˡ
ۻС㽫ղŷСߡ
߿ǳĴ飬һλ𾴵ĳһַдǸ֮Ŀ֮г˲Ϊ˲ľȡ
۾ԼĿ⣬ǰˣ΢ЦƵĵǺãӢС㡣
áַݼͬĵ
ǹĻ᳤˾λǣ˾ǳĿ
᳤칫Ļ᳤ƽһĴַǳĳԾԼôһ֥СƤС£Ȼ᳤˹
ַȻԾǲɫĵҽַ磬λŮݼŶҵĳСè
СϻַνԼˣС໶ϲַ¡
ַǳԾ˾˿ַ̱ӵĳԾ˾ƽֻʮ߰꣬һûоʲôĺӣԼĽܺ󣬾Ȼֵķǳƽûһ˿Ĳ֮˾ò죡ɫҲֻЩ˲ĳ
ԱΧ۵ˣ˾֮󣬶΢΢ĵͷЩ˿˾Щϲĸоֳһλ߶λߵ𾴣Ľͳ֮Уַݼ˵ƽĶԱȡ
ЦλĿˣǵԱλкܣʧ֮¡
Ҳ̫˰ɣһĻ᳤ֻһССߣĲ˰ɣַҲ΢Ц᳤ˡ
λ롣˾΢Цдλþòһ顣
Χ۵óһĿԶȥ
ͷһʱ䣬ͼ᳤һΣ᳤ôйΪô³أ
᳤ô飬˿϶Դġ
ҲͷС᳤̬֮侲ı飬һǴһ۾ͿĲϺܣһ͸칫˸¿϶кϷˡ
Աһ˽ӻôҺͶ칫ᶷ𣿡
һ˵Ϊ֣ͲˣǲҶԹᶯ֣Ͼǹҵġÿ֮侺ģһԾûозչûдɱɱǿߣûսӢۣûӢۣʷûʷιιǱ߰һû˵ء
˾ַݼһŵĻ˾Ӵ͵ĵطȻʾ˳ȥ
һɳϣַݼ߶档
ȵʲôʵ
ˮַݼͬĵȻ˶һۡ
ݼһɱֻ֣ˮϣݼûкȹһڡ˵Щ϶ûһĺôģַҲĺˮˣѾþöûжˡ
˾Աһ绰ܿˮһȱ˽
˾һСڿȣȻüͷÿࡣ
ַݼߣһԲ
˾ЦЦ˼ȱˮˮҾһѣǸɱ֣κϣֻˮȴΪһˮˡǱˮж
ַݼԶһ㶣岢ûʲô


056 Ϲǽ
ǺǡЩȻЦţλᣬǳЩѵˣҵĳӣк⣿
ַ絭һЦ˵ʵ˾᳤ˡľ˾᳤Ѿ֪ˣֻҪûûǮѣʱô˿ţҸ²̨Բų²ߣ˾᳤ԭҵ³ç˾᳤鷳ˡ
˾΢΢ЦţɫĵԭһᰡðɣȻСֵϲǰذףҾ͸Сֵˡ
ɣѵƷ󱬷ַ統Ȼһ˻ƽ޹ʵԼһǼֵʮ
ַ粻ɫǳֱӵĵذҪˣ֪˾᳤ʲôأ
еڱַֻ֪˾Ҫʲô
˾̾ãˬ죡ҾϲôˬˣǺǡʵҲûʲôֻСֵܽѶѡ֪СֵͲ
ҿҸҲ˭ƽеĶ칫᳤ֻһСϺ׶ѣҲ㲻˲Źַ֣Ҳ֣˾Լ쳣ĿЩˣ˵ʱȫûһָ߸ϵĸоȫԼһƽȵĵλ˵ˡ
ַæЦ˾᳤ˣ᳤ҪҽѣҼֱ֮ܳء˾᳤ʲô㻹ֱ˵ɣ˲ϲĨǵģ֮䣬Ӧ̹
˾ж̸ַ£Ȼһˣһߣôһͷͷ϶ţţ˵֮ΨΨŵŵַݼ侲
һǼˣ˾жϣûԼĿŵַ߳ǰ˵ĻͲţںͶԷѾ̸ĲˣҲûзʲôͻ˾Ӧ˵ˡ
˾õģȻλѾˣ벻λʲôĿģѾǰˡҼǵûкĸôλһˣ
ַڲף˵ʵԷͲţԷһʼڶ̽ԼԲŶԼôһֱڹźͰ΢Цʲô˭֪ԼûʲôĻǺǣԼ϶߲䣡пܣԶʧ
ߣ
һ칫ϴõŶСôȻãС߸Ŀŵ칫߳ӣû˾ţԶϵһĻ
˾̫ˣ̫ˣ㱳ûʲôǶ칫ᵷңһ֣ɱ
ַ粻ɫĵûʲô¼ҹһ
ַԽ˵˾Խ⡣
˾Цţֵ̫˼ˣѾֵܵˣֵȴҡλҲ֪칫ǹҵһ󹫻ᣬҳӵˣսҵϣսҩϣսҵϣЩҶԸҵ˻϶ɱˣ˾ȴǲɱѵġѳңҲǾˡ
˾ЦţûŪ֮ǰᷭģϻ᳤λãСģΪӪܴС¶Ҫܲ͸磬ɾ䣬ԣʮǰһССҩʦһһΪԼСĽ˼ϸܣŵĻ᳤Ǳˣ
ַĺ亹ģΪһذףôǳôʱݼģҪĻֱˣǶá
˾Ѿ¶ɱ⣬΢Ц۾һֱַ˫ۣ濴ʲôַĿһƬ峺˾޼Ѱֵ֣һ¡
ַǳƽĵ˾᳤˵
ղ㿴еǰذףвϣ㿪ŵҿˡɵǣǰذҶġ㿴Ͳһʦңô֪ĳɷֵģеĵ֮ϼԭϷҶ֮ʱȫһ£һģһңΪʲô
˾ԻĵطȶǣôˣܲǴ
ַĳץסһ㣬Ի˫Ǳìܣ
˾᳤ʲôҶܿʣܺ͹졣Ϊʲôܿʦеܣҿ϶ܸ㡣ϣ᳤⡣
нڣκζĳɷֶܿĳҪ˵һˣһǰַҲ˵ĳɷ֣
˵ʲôʲô㶼ܿʣܣ˾Щʧ̬վһ¼ǧˣҲܱǰƽʹݡ
ַ翴Щʧ̬˾ϷȻȻ϶ĵǵġ
ȻַĿɨһ飬ȻĿ⿴ҵİһָӵĵǽϵѵвϵȵĲ־⹤մɹľЧõԵ̻ƣѺϽɣдƽ֦׻ƵǣֱΪϽ̵ʨֱͣмΪ˿ƵķҰţţƤʲֵʱ洦ɸ߼ɫƤЧϵĺϽд½ɫ;ոһ˵ָӵ˵ûɡ
˾ʱ򵱹꺣һָӹ٣ѵʱùָӵԴ֮˾һֱѵΪ䱦Ϊԣϣֻ˾˽ѵĹˣ
˾ַ٩٩̸һˣеĿȱ˵ˤķ顣˾Ŀһֱַϣ뿪ַֻĿǰѵһۣȫǵ棬ûаγһַۣѵĹȫһһʮ˵˳˿ֻ˵ĵʵĹ죬˾ô𾪣صĵôֻ似ˡ
ããã˾˵֣Ȼʧ쳣ĵȵȣȥЩϻ
˾˵꣬ȫԼһ֮ķȣ˳ȥֻʣһΪԵҡš
ӹ˾˽һްŵĶķϣȻСĴ򿪡
ַݼ˴˾СĶϿһס˫ֱĶ棬ڴšǵ˿Ķ֮ʱЩĸо
һ⼣߰ߵĽϿͨ棬ͺһĸһ㣬һʦʧƷΪмһССȱڣȱڲȱڴȴһ۲ɼѷһֱһˣ˵ĸоѽʱһ㡣
˾䱦ѽóôѽ϶һŷַĴȴһƬհףûκεϢϣַ첻ѣΪʲôԲˬļܣôһû˷ӦղŻɪʲôܿʺͳɷ֣¿ˣ˿ɶˡ
˾ָŽ֣ܵѽʦģഫʦ浱ƾѽݺ£ңɱǿߡǺѽôҲʦʷ֮ϲûмءʦѽҵʱ˵ҺúñܣȻѽѾȱȫоʮ꣬ûиѽĹ졣ָ̡
ַ翴˾⣬㲻֪Ȼʦеı֪ܲʲô뿼ң
Σ鲢ûиַ紫κϢַ˼飬ûκλӦ
һش˾ҷô죿Ҫҵô죿
˾ַɫ˱䣬ֵѵҲѽʺͳɷ𣿣
ǽǽôǽĽڶǰͱˣôһޱȼַ
ԭǿǽʧˡ
ַҲһӼޱȣô϶Ǹö
ѽǽŮ洲ʯ¾ɣҵ˺ǽ˴һܣǽĽ鱻ˣͱˡȰѽŪ֣һ취աˣҪ˯ˣҪ˷ҵˡסҵİ˽ڽ壡
˲ʧӰ١
ַĽǽ֮УȻװģȥĿһӣʱüʱɫ΢䣬ʱᣬһɱ˵ַɢ˳
ַص̾һȻҡ˼ͷȻ󽫽ϣصԼλֱߵˮһڶ
֣ôˣΪ̾˾Ȼоַɢı˵ϢһֶһõͻȻƻˣʧ
ַ糤һҡ˼ͷǳĵĵѽǽһӵǽˣ°ͬ룬ͬǣѽȴʧȥĽ飬һѷܽ˲İ
ַ˿ϷһԵݼûп
ݼԣһͻȻʲôҲһʧأĿǽĵѵǴ˵еǽ
˾ݼһ˿ȺãݼѵݼСҲ˵˽
ݼҼǵһϿǽϹʱڳֵһȻ򲻵߼ഫϹʱڣ챻ƣʱѷĿռӿ˼䣬˼һƬһŮΪǧ࣬ڷɽҵʯʯ֮е졣֮ʯʧȥе˼䣬¾ǧꡣһλ֮еõʮΪһѾǽ¯ϣ˾챱֮ȡΪǽѽϹʮ֮ĵһ


057 еҩȫ
ַޱȣЩӦַ˵ģȴݼȥˡ
˾һ㿴ַݼǽԼ֮ܣȻ˵ûʲôֵˣҲֻ֪֮϶֪ѽͳɷ֣뿼ַѣǰ˾Ȼ֪֪ôϸʷϼصĻϸ£˾ַǰ˵Ļʲôܿʲôܣ
ôǰһλʦԼһƷʦƷʦѽ˾鶼ˣһλʦôԺԼľûкӹˡӴ˿̿ʼ˾ַһλԼǸСˡ
ǽַһ仰Ӵ̼˾񾭡
ַ絭ĵ֪ǽΪλʧȥ飡
ַⲻ˵ȥ˾Ȥ˾æָ̡
˾һСѧһַǽǧӱ̶ȺͺۼѾ٣Ǳǿɡ
˾̾һʦĻ˵ǽĽֻǳ˯һѵģⶼȥˣֻһѷˡ
˾ǳĳأȴһ¡
˾᳤㲻ģһ֮룬˾᳤ȫַ϶ҪǽŪ֡
˾·ǳ飬ε϶װģʲô£ֵܾ˵УҪ˾᳤ˣԵЩˣֱӳƺҵֱɡ
ѽģҸô𣿣ԺǽЩԨԴҪǽûȥϣ˾ܳȫ
ţ˾᳤Ҳû룬ͭôˣҲǷţͳȥ˳ˮҲáȻֵҪǽҿ϶ֵġǶ칫Щ飬ҪְֵܳæϣֵܲҪƴǡ
ðɣ˵
˾ģٹһʱ䣬ƽеĶ칫ʹͬж칫֮иССıԣʱֳ
ַһֱæҵļְҵҲһʱȤѧϰģûвԹڶ죬ҿһϲͨæҿ°ﲻϡ
ַʵ˾ĶͲһˡæôһʱȤȻǽܿȻ˾Ϊַ粻뱩©ԼʵݣԹѡ
֣̫ǫˣǽԿȶҲзǳߵ衣ģǺʹͬеıֻͨдԣʲôϵģԲֵκ档ֵԼݵĻҿԸڶ칫ᰲһݡ
ǽڱصãôַԺ˽
Ҳ죡
᲻ѧܵĽڣʲô
һѧô
Щ˶ʦ㼸оӮˣ
ַȻ˾ִҪҰæʢȴҾʹӦˡ
ã³֮򣡡
ַ۾һãô˵ˣҪȥ¥Щҩ
ֵҪҩðɣҪĶҵϺˣҺҩϼһһ棬һ棬ˣҴ˵һǡݿ˸͹ȥ
˾ַܲˣַɲƴǣҪǮðɣ󷽺ðɣװǰɣ˵ҪŵرôѪɣ
˼䣬ַ֪øˡ
˸߳ţ˾ȲĲͨһ绰ͷӣţеѶͷϣһҪԴһԴвأҺ㷭
յ¥ſڣһĸƯСӭ˹ְҵԵ΢Цĵӭλҩᣬλ롣
϶˾İţ
λ𾴵ĿˣҪʲôأͨҩģǸ߼ҩģҩǵҩ
ַݺݵƲһ仰еҩȫĵҩȫ
λѵصĽӴСֱɵˣӴˣûмôֵĿˣһӾ
ʲôҵĻû𣿻Ҫظһ𣿡
ӴС²ѹԲλ𾴵ĿˣҸղʧ̬ˡ
룬ֲû᳤˵Ǵͻԭֱô󰡣һȫҪҪ٣ҷ˰
ַϺ˯СϻͻȻһ£ںĳ鴤£ᵽʲôóԵһ㡣Ȼ͵˫ۡ
顭СϻͻȻһȵĶĳһֻ̨֮һӰһϻֱӳǸ̨Ź̨ҩצġĽиͣ
ÿɰСèۻС㿴Сϻ˫֣뽫СϻڻСϻһһߣȻצָָ̨ҩſˮۻСĽš
ַ翴Сϻ֪ҩֶַ֪Сϻޣ޵ַͲǾʱַԺѱϢЩϢȻһַԺѱУ
Ӧضͽ޿ȡ߽޿иŵرΪʳСϻڸ߽ޣ
ԲԿɻΪˣÿΪ˵޶֮ͨܣΪƸΪ֮꣬ΨҶ
ַ˽⵽ЩϢ֮æҵСèҪʲôǾܸǡ
Сϻڹ̨ϴ˼ַ˷ܵĽš
ۻС㽫һҩȡʱСϻȲץ˹ȥۻСҲǸ߷Ӧ죬ֿ϶ᱻץˣȻСϻһ½ҩ£ͳˡ
СϻгһҩţۻС㿴Сϻһһ㣬⻹һֱèֻɽѩһ߳ˣҪϽϢԷҩ̫ͳһ¶ˣѽһ³˸ûƵġ
пһĻĶˣַ綼ˡ
ַ֮Ҫʲôܸԣá
顭Сϻͷǰצַ˸Ƥ˹
ۻСչСϻ⣬ܿ죬ҩе˶ɨ๤ܹæװҩ
ַݼϢϸʵĳˮ
ܿһѵҩ䣬ĳǽǡ
һСʱ֮й̨ķںҩȫһˡһ칫ҵĵǰһλ׷ڿĻЩ£ֵһٶĵҩһֶһӵĻ棬Цá
ιϲģ˵ʲô챦ȫ
˾绰ôҲǸкҪʲôˣǮһӶġ
ðɣ˵ġεĹ˵绰
óȥˡһڰĵۣƿţֱϢķ˹ȥ
˶棬΢ЦλãҽҩĻ᳤
᳤áҽַ磬Ůݼ
λǴֱʰ콫ˡ
С˼ѣﻹпĻҶҪַӷǳţһֱӡ
һ񺮣ȫˣһ⣿ÿжٿͻҪöҶˣЩô죿˾ϲķ˻˵ҪʲôЩҲǣ
ȴеЦݣûˡԺҪʲô绰ͺãҵһʱΪλ׼ƷȫۡеƬϡֱӸ绰Ҫ绰˼Ҳ߲ҪĻǾͶˣԣԽ׵ʽƬõġ


058 ͻ
ˣλҳȥһǣ̫ˡ
ȫװˣʮڵǮͳŽĿȻЩַĵģԼǮ
ַҪ£ҩֱԤƽǾƵ꣬˽ҩƷ˹ȥ
߳׻ʱԽ͵ſڡ
¥ϣʤôණ󣬾ȵӶɴˡʲôûʣԼˣ˲һˡ
үүټ˷ǳĺʤ
칫ڣ˾һ绰绰ﴫһϵϲģ󷽰ʲô;Ȼ˿أĻϰҲôƷѰɡ
ʲô˼˾ͻȻо쬵ģһֲõԤȻ
Ĺǧҩй̨ҩ
ʲô˾ʱǺһ£ļһϷɫˢһ±ˣҡ
˵ǧĶ⻹Ǵ۵ģѣͷû㣡
˾еֻȡһµ˵ϣһƨ˵ϣ鶼ˡȻеԼô࣬϶кԼʵƽ
᲻ƭӣ˾Լ뷨һ
˾ϵֻͨһϤĺ룬ǣ衯ǸղŵλˣһֱǻؼΪֹòҪ¶Լ¶˵ҵбǣ
սƵڣͳַϴ̫ˣŪôҩȻֻǵ͵ȵҩô͵ʵŪô࣬Ѿҵˡǰˣ
һַ缱æֹ˽顣
Ϊʲô㲻Ҫ˵ЩǸңЩˡ
ǸģҪκҵ˰ɣӵҩ֮󣬻ݼҩɡַ統Ȼݼϵˡ


ЩĵʱôʱôôأҰеˣ϶ҩҵĽռڣһ¾͸κˣҪҩ˵ˣݼˣϣֻΪƣ޷Ϊƣ޷ΪӽħоŽڣڲһڣҵħڵĻҲܾȻĿǰʲôҩ޷ָġڸҩ޷תűģ
ַˣû뵽ô̬㲻˵ô֪
ˣѾˡ
ɶַͽԻأͻȻðôһ䡣
˵˺ˣôҪһٷ֮һʱҾˣ룬ʱѷ죬һһʱպУԺҪЩˣҽħħ
ħ
ûÿҵһڽʱҾͽһ㣡һǡɡѾʶˣԼȥоҳ˯ˡŶˣԺмµĻ˵ŽңǿѵĻ̫˷ˡǣװġ
ַȫһ飬żƤװģУһ
µ鷳Ž˳ڣˣˣڰǽУҸһԭԼԭɡ
˵ܸԭǽַǳľȣܲý鷽һҪַ罫ǽŪ֡
ϻҪȻҽҪƽѵղôûָֻǸһԭǽҲһȻн飬ǲʶ״̬µĽ飡Ҳ˵ûĽ飡ֻֻסıܶѣڸ˵Ҳ֮һǽԭʼЩͻڽ֮ѿȻָǽƽţȫˣٷϵ
ֱַˣ̫̬ˣ
ַ罫ǽ˳Դӽǽ֮ǽǸȱѾȫԭûаĺۼѪ߰ߵĽҲ˸ޱȡ
ˣѾԭԼĽһǽǽѾָһЩҴһǽǽʹóޱȣ
ȵȣ飬ҵϢﲻ˵ûﵽ쾳磬κιӰԺΪ𣿡
ˣҲⰡҸдôؼʵʺûԲ֮ЩǼֱ˿϶ûôҴڸģģ޵ģɵģħģʵԺСܵʺϣʵ˴ڸǵģǸģǽɾ֮ϵıݻʱ˺ǽ˽սʱ򣬶Էʹõǽ˻˲ٿأؼɵ͵ߣҲΪơء֡ͨ似ܶ⻮֮ڡЩǿ߶֪켶ϣΪʥ𡢵֡ǽǲţ֣϶˲ӰԺ
ַʵţ֣֣
ڻܸ㣬Ѿ˵̫ˡ֪ԽҲûкôԺ֪ˡ⽣ĵһʽҪȫѨλͨ˵ʵڵģˣһڴԲ˶޷㲻ͬңڽķھʽڸ㣬ԺҲз似ˣҲͲ췳ˡƣڵƣһСʱˡˣ˯ˡ۰
ַ罫ǽһߣǰɽİװӣҩĿ϶ɷĩˡַе˼ƣʬ𼣡
ַŽһתһֱľѨλȻͨ裡⽣̬
ַϽСϻ˼ãַԱߺ˯ݼַ߸ĬĬĻ
ڱĽѨλַ֮ͨоԼڵһ֫ٺȥǵģûκε谭ҲûκҪĶһжˮɡЩϸСľԺһƬˮһҪ۵һƬСϪ֮Уǲܣַ綼òܣǴ֮ˮûһУҲǳ屬߻ħǣܵһȴˣЩϸСĽӵ޵Ժ֮ϸСľ޵ţ˳ͨһ
ô£ַ綼һоһԼһƬĿհףһ¾ˣһеĴССѨλԳ˾޴
ַͻȻˣ鲻˵ѾԼͨȫеľѨλԺԼҪĶûƿģ
˿̣ԱߵݼҲһַ羲֮󣬻ûһӵʱͻһ㣬㣡Ҳ̫˰ɣǵݼھȵʱַֽ֮䣬һǿϢȵĳռ䣬ɶͻˣ
ݼδӦʱ򣬸ʤĹâյһƬɫַϱϢǿһ֡˲㣡Ų㣡ֱӽ쾳ٽʱַϢıȻعڡ
ûӵʱ䣬ͻĲ㡣ݼԼǲΣһԼĴȣŶʹֻһմĿַ硣
ַչ֮󣬸оȫޱȣĿ֮֮ϸ΢ĳԿֻҪݼһۣݼļëݼϸ΢ëףԿʱǱһ㣬ԱߵСϻжٸëַ˲䶼֪ˣַоԼһݳԼԺ
ָоͺ񣬾ͺûԼĶַĿⲻԾƵݼǰַȴֻ˸߸߹·ΪʲôҲ͸أܿǸöáַ
˵ʲôȫ˴֮еݼѹͿַɫԵĶԼزϹЦ˵Ļ
ݼߺ죬һźݺݵַĳһλ˹ȥ
㣬Ǹط߲ð߻ˣԺûźˡ
㻹˵ݼ˫Ŀðַ׷ȥ
ַ籧ͷܣǱ׵ĻصԼҡôСˣ΢ָͺˡ
ַ粢ûϢڴϾʼǽݼûдַȥϢˡ


059 ǽ
ǽ󱱶ݻһżΪչʽСΪֻ̣дͨȫʮζȫʮһѨλǿ߷ȫѨλδͨȻ޷ӦΪǺּ𣬾ǿĸֻ֣ҪһѨλûдͨ޷ǽǿֻһѨλѶ
ǽΪʽΪһʽ̰¡ڶʽſ졢ʽ»ǡʽ·ʽϻꡢʽ졢ʽƾġʽ޷ָ£˾áǽÿһʽһսʽӦǲͽϣټǽȱиɻǽ߾磺Ǻһǲ߾磺̤ǡǽַûн߾絽Ǻ
ǽΪǽǲıʩչǽеĽи޷ɡ
ַ羲վڵϣǽŹתڵô궯ַĬķŽУ֮мŷλǶȡ
ڵѸٵתȻ⣬ǽͨ巢ףеǽһڵĻȣȻ͵£֮һͼķתǽâʢͼ˲䱻İ׹û֮һ£ַ֮ڵǿ𾪲ѣһļܣߵĹǿ屶ַղѧϰеʱֻһɵַжϣųȥһ൱Լʮɹȫһ̰ǹµĵһʽ߻
̰ǹ£ַһǽһջһĻȡ
ৣ
һֱǰֻأ׳ʿһȥݿ֮ƣΪһ㣬ǽȥַҲƻǽԷ޷֣־͹е̫ˣ
ĿǰַΪһܷѾַļˣһû꣬һַһȫΪַĴһ̨һܽʽʹ֮˿ٽķںʽ֮УŲǲһγͣ
䣡
ǽһ˲䱻ը˸飬ַ缱æһҵԼƵġ
ϴݼըһֱһ߿ԡţԡ˳պãַ翴һĻ
ݼԡŵģǰֻӸûеסñַ翴˸šַĴһȣֱһѪӱ˳ȻɵɵĶݼĳҪλ缢ƿʵаЦ
ݼæԡǰҧгݵĿַ磬ŭ𣺡ַ磡
ʲô£ַɵɵЦţĨѱѪ۾Ŀݼ
ȥץ֮µݼֱץϵʯַ˹ȥ
ݼһԡ˰ߣִйַ̲סѪ
ˣ㻹·ַ˵꣬洫
ݼ·󣬿šǰֱ֮ɵˣΪըըҪַ֮£ȥϴּ˾˸绰ιʱСİѱһǽûˣ黹鷳˾ֽ
˾ЦСһ׮֪ͨݸ㻻һ䡣
鷳˾ˣ˾Ҳ֪ûǮǸп˾᳤̡
̣˾һͷײӵտǧը˱һǽ˵ҳ̣
ҹģͷס仯Ī޺ƣԶĸ¥ĴãǱɫĵƵ׺ţҲЩƴö˶ʡֵϵһԶЦաڳеҹεģǲֵꣻҴҶĶæµˣеҹģѵ塣
һпãǣЩɫĵƹ£ЩڰĽЩΪ֪ĵطǷԽףƷܣɱˣ
κ鶼Եģʲô⣡
һڰĽһĺһֻѩѣĳš
ǸˣΪһЩԽ͵ܣΪͨ޴ǻ˴ǮһЩ͵ɹ˾׻Ƶ۹ƽһɱ֡ȻСطûа취ûǮ֪һƱԼͿˣԼһµ֣µĹԺµ
ƬʱһͨŮĳź˹Ȼһֽ˸Ԫ󳮣ŮӾˡ
ͳһոµֻιԴӽ˱֮ҲûгѾȥ̨ˣҪҹ
绰ﴫһǳҺֵѾڽһˣģǻҪҹ
˵ĵŰɣһƱļۺܸߣֵ
ڱݸһīһµA6һֱģ˭Ҳûп˵ʻϵӾĳ̡Ȼͨһ绰᳤Ѿ˶ˣЩ·ˡ
ʲôˣ
ǵģѾ֪ͨϢˣźܿнġ
õģǣţʲô紵ݶһʱ֪ͨҡ
ǵģ᳤
ڶһ磬˰˾Ƶꡣ
Ļأɨʱʲôûп̨С鿴һ¼¼ǳʵ
Щûʲôֵȫˡַ΢΢Цš
̨СҲʣַǩ֣ǩ֮Ƶûʲôϵ
ϳ⳵۶ȥСϻһֱַĻ˯ţԴ˯֮󣬾һֱûѡ˶ûзСϻʲô仯֪һôҩԵȥˡ
̫ͨԭص·аʮ·̣֮һֱŽĹ·ǰС˽⣬һƬƬũԶһƬվɽ룬·ôɽ봩
Ǹɫµϲǰɡ˾Цţе٩š
ӳ⳵뿪ãһµںĸš̫ͨԭصĹ·ֻôһĳǳ٣һһ㶼֣˾ȫǿЦ˾Цַݼע⡣
ʦЦˣô˸أǿƽ˼ҡûǮûƵġַЦţĽ˾Ļ
ҿЦأ˸Ҳ£һ˴û⣡ҪݣȫǼ⡭˾Ҳܳ
ַΪ˾һЦҲע˺µϡĿһֱӵ￴źĳһɹɵݳַԺ
ʦ㣬θЩַҪжϺĳǲǸԼ
Ŷ϶ͳԵĲɾ
ʦˣԿ㿪ˣǸʱ䡭
θ˵𣿲еĻҿԿ㣬ûϵģ˺ܺ˵ģϵ۰˾̫ˡ
⳵һĳҲԵļ٣⳵һ飬ĳͼ٣ȻٶȷΧСʻٶȺ֮ľϢȫַԺС
˸ˣԼǵѻַ֪һ㶼ģԼȱ֡
⳵ܿʻһƬɽ֮Уߴɵɽ뽫·м䡣
˾ͻȻԶԶĹ·мվʮģӰųٵĿЩˣмΪ׵һͷˣߴϣȫļⱩ𣬳Уʮ˸гֽųһţȫĽ·
Щ񾭲Ȼ컯ֳ֮϶٣ģ޷ˣ˭ãӣǰҲǵϻģš쵨ǵӱ컹˼Ȼ˳ˣǻûһӵģƽлʱǻڴɿأӾ͸ЩһΣ֪ϵײǣ˾ŭһ͵Ĳš
죬ʣ¶֮¡
ַ챻˾˵ˣæʦͣϽܣ
˾ȴɣǵĿˣϽٷˣôܶǲأұҪԼĿ˸ûµģһ¾ͳȥˣǿ϶㣬ǲ࣬ײҲ
ַǺĺ⣬˾ȴˡѾˡַ˾ͦ˼ġ
⳵һʮײ˹ȥʮ˾Ȼ㲻ǶűЦݡ
գȻ㣡ΪӲײսӵģ˾ķŭˡ
˾һŽŲȵ˵ףһʮ˷ȥ
˾εѪɵһĻûгֻ֡ǺЦţֻĻ̌⳵Լֻһ׾ʱһȭĳͷ
䣡
ͷֱӱҵķѣʹȻβ߸ߵź˵֣ųͷһֱ׸߶ȣȻڿмٷʮȦ֮Ǻһ죬ڿб㱬˿Ƭ۵ɢһء
ݼַĴӿأַĻбһֹȵ˾ӻھҵĲš
߰ɣ͵ʲô¶ûп
ַ˵ţһ͵Ĺ˾Ժ˾оһ¾ࡣ
ַſ˾˾һɨһˣͷҲȾܡ


060 
죬˭ҲߣͻȻͳһǹ˾ıӰȥ
ಣ
һӵںڵǹŵڶӵ
ַ缯оӵķλٶɱݳַԺַӵٶȾͺͨ·ٶȲַֻ࣬ǽƣһͬʱ̯ƣӵץȥ
ӵƺûһĳɱַڵϼһһ㣬ӵץģ׾٣û˿ѶȡֻĸоЩ̶ѡ
ӹӵһӵʱ䶼ַ罫˫еӵ˵ϣӵأʮͬʱ¶ɫ
Ϊ׵ĺһЦһǻǳֿڵͨģλñ죡ǿԽͨӵܣûмһǿܽסӵģ
ַĻ˵ĸѧ˵ĺͯһٻڳݲ壬񾭶顣
ַ絭ĵ˼Ҳ֣
ʮԣԾһº˾ѵᣬΪѾԪڣ
ַЦãԼ˼˵ûΪ̫ˡ
ַһƣûԪڸ֣ǾȻɱң죬һҲܣ
ܣ֣
ȫַĹʮͬʱǹַ硣
ַվԭһתޣӵԽԽԽԽţһַ˫ݸӦķλٵƶ˳ֽЩӵȫ£˿ַֻץ˼£ӵȫס
˰ɣ
ַץз̵ӵϹȫǰʮ˶˹ȥ
ಡ
֮⣬æңҽ˱ӵУɥ
£ʮȫɵˣΪ׵ĺ˵Ӷۿˣһǿ룬Լʦڸ֣Ϊ˺˴ĽӵˣǰˣѵǳԽĴڣ
£ʮ˸˼վԭأȫ䱸ҳ֡
ԼһסǣַһѺ˼ݼϸӬĵݼЩ鷳Է֣ʮǿߣ׷ǲѷˡ
ݼһ§סַĲӣߣǵѾ۲ˣɱ˵ĻͶˣαһ·ϲ֣أ϶ҪԸǵˡ
ַоģڲʱҲųǲǵˣԸԸʣµˡ
ַΪͻƾŲ֮ѧϰǽʱַоԼһƴ֮
ݼ˵ͷݼַ֪ǽԼϣЩ˾Բ⡣ֻȡС
ַһһʮ˱ƽʮ׵ľšʮжһѺǸеĽǰĿ׽Ŀַ硣
ʮס
ʮס
Ѿȫ湥ľˣַ粢ûͣ½Ųǰţһֱ΢Цλ߶λߵӣ
߽׵ķΧǾ͹СҲÿе뷨
ףףףףǣַĽŸպ׵ıԵ֮ϣͣ
з˵жһ£ͷ֮˺ˮ
ǺǣСǣǲŻˣǲҶǳַ֣ЦţЦ崺磬ʮЦħһ㡣
ԷԽƽԽӣǾ˵طĸ֣
ЩǿԼԼһʮǿߣ׵ķΧڣʮǿ֣ôԼɲǼǣ
ַĿʮ˵ɨһȦȻĿΪ׵ϣзǳĽţֽǹڶ׼ַ硣
ַͻȻɫһ䣬ôЩϻԱֲɣղŻûп𣿻ǹڶ׼ЩԸ𣿡
ԼĴϴ󽻸ԼҪ˵ҪɱһһŮֻǸƬ˵˵ΪߡֻҪһƱԼˣȫͨݣΪһϷĹ񣡿ǣôôǿ
ԪڵǿߣȻһţʵ֤ˣֻԪڵĸֲſԽסӵģеǹרɱߵģͨǹӵٶҪϼ
ңַͻȻˣ㿪ǹ
ŻˣԷǹȴˣŭɷǣԪڵĸ֣ô˶군ˣ
ַЦţô𣿿ǹҲ㣬쿪
ͻȻַ͵ĳȥһץס˵֣ǹ׼Լͷ­

ǹȫַԴһԪڸ֣һǹȥԿҲȲˣ
˿ǹѾַԴˣһ־壬ǹһĲܿ侲һЦԥĿ˰ȥɣ

ǹˣ˶ˣǵ˽ǹÿʱûпַԴʲôûУһдûз
ַ絭Цţӵǹŵ˲䣬ַʹáħһ㡰ɡӵĶнӵ˷ĩѡЩĩַ΢һù֮£ͻΪˡ
һжڰнУֻһ˲£ʮֻӵַüģַȴʲô¶ûУ
ַһʩչɡܣַܵղŴǹӵڼٵķֽ⣬ȻеľȫգʣµĲɲûоȫΪĩַţֻҪԼһת鴫ڸԼķЩľͻֵ
ַͻȻоɵĽ˳Լľߣתǵ֮ڵܺЩںϣǼȵųЩ
ҿۿ֮ڵҪЩַϽ˳ŽתţҲ٣ô죬ôų⣡
ַһ
װģַͽ鹵ͨİš
Ҹ˯鼫Ȳţ
ų⣡
ǱЩǽľ԰Щ壡弡ȥգĸ֯ȥںϣȴֱۿʼɣܺʹԺͻ֪ôˣˣ˯ˣǵñң
ܸðŸҰɣַ
һ£˼ˡ
ַ˸
ַת̸ԼĿھЩĴӾ˳ȥһֱߵֱֱַ֮֮еļȫĽϡ
ַоԼֽͷĸоָоǳ
ô˰ɣ
ַ΢ЦţЩˣֻǺЩѣɱģҪɱǵĻͺеЩһ
ַһַֻ̾Ĵ˸ָʮееǹ˲仯˷ĩһء
ǰһĻӵ𾪣ôһĻ֮ϵΪУǼֱ񼣣ʲôǸ֣ĸ֣ʲôǿߣǿߣһĻʮ鶼ˣ
ַһ嵱ֳȫˡ
ַһ˿̲֣ȴʱ
ַǽ֣ǽˮһʩչ˳ǽ·֮һ׹Ҫƿռ䣬һǳֵĲĨ˹ȥ
սֻһ˲£
гʱ䶼ûУͨһ˵ϡ
û˲ɱʣµ˸մΪ֮˹һĻûˣһԪڸ֣ôɱ֣
Щ˷Ӧ֮󣬵һʱľܣ
ǴʱݼѾںס˵ȥ·
Ѿʧȥ־Ǹˣַݼ¾ɱʣһ
ɣֱַӽָ˵ǡ
˵Ĳּ˲䱻ַ˹һ˵ѡ
һɱ˵ļ䣬ַо֮һѣΣַת˽Щ֮ЩŻָ˹
ַЩ˶ͨǱץȥ̵ģǱ֯½ѩģ½ѩָʾɱ͸ǺϷݣɡ½ѩûиЩṩǵϡ
½ѩݼ룬ͻȻȻһƽеһɱ֯½ѩŮѣ
ַͷû˲ǵˡ֯ϴǲ޳Ů½ѩһģԣЩ˲ˣ½ѩԼҵˡ
ݼ˵ͷû֯ǲ̫ԭصġ
ַЦЦԣ̫ģǶϵ½ѩ֯
ⳡʤ࣬ʤǿսַʤ
ַϷ⼼嵱ȻλȫʧأնɱʣµѾȫʧȥ˶־׵ĸ򣡱ַݼȫɱ
û뵽ЩɵӶƭˡһЦԶ˹


061 ֮
࣡
ûң
ʱԶĹս֮˹
Ϊ׵࣬ĸˣĸ֣
࿴ַ磬ĵЩ˱ͨǸ֮ˣɱٳɱЩˣû뵽ȻܽЩȫɱǸеǳ⣡
Ǻǡַ翴࣬࣬ϴη㣬ˣһûȥ
ôЦЩɶˣλȫ֣ܸղʹʲôܣǹһԪ֣
һԣ֪ˣ
ַ𽣣ָࡣһ˭ƴַϱ
಻ȻĵҪɱ֯ŮѣҾ͵֯
˵䣬ĸֵɫ̫Ȼ
һ࣡ǿСϰģ˵Ҫ̫ˣ
ַЦ࣬Ǻٻ
ַ˵ŴӶͳһ֤һĶǰζţҵˣԺҪɱˣ˭ÿ˶˵Ҫ˲˵ˣô֪
ȻЩǸ˵ģʵǽĸֵġ
ַ磬칫ʦ࿴⼸ֵʱ繫һԶԶµǼ˶ˡ
ʦûʲôģΪһƷǼʦǰһ֣ǿɾͲˡ
ݿ˾ַ綨Ƶġ˾ΪַļˮƽǳԽʦĴڣŪĵˣַ粻ˣԾֱŪ˸ʦݡ
ʮɫ԰ףʱ֪롣
ݼûʲôͿݿڵĴ½ʦȥˡַѹ׼ʦĵλ
ļλǿߣǲҪˣң͵ڵ칫ᣡ
ǵģַһʦȫԴ칫ᣡĸ֣Ǵ֯
ļˣͶ칫ΪУȻ֯ǲµģǴ˴γ½С˽˶Թ֯ɱһλʦ˳ȥ칫϶ȫ濪ս£ǳеġ
⼸׼ֲˣһλǹܲѾǳԣ
༱ˣò׵õϢסַ硣治ˣַص̫ԭأôɱַϼˡ
༱λ壬֤϶ǼٵģǼһʮĴʦ𣿣
һλҸղŸ֤ܵϢģû
ҲЩַݣǾ㻳ɣҲҶ֡
ַɵĵλ붯֣㣬ַ㣡
ַ磬㻹װղɱֵʱסǣȻ͵ϮɱǣΪǻĵͲǶ칫ˣֻŵһСӣ
ŵСӣΪʲôΰɱңҶûɽ¼յõ޵ȷң
λֵĿʱݼ˯Сèʱʲô
ޣ˵һʱ䶼ôģͷܿͳˡ˼Ҹҹı޹֣˵ʲô˵˼Ҳ±
࣬£ǰﲻ㣬һȥ֮ԻС͡
ĸֲˡ
ַڳһʦݻͦõġ
ʱԶڰʲô¡
ԭǼʦǶ칫ˣֲû᳤żǱǣ
ǰԭǸǺúõλᣬǾ˴ʦһԺ˵ҾټҲһ᳤
ҸղžӦó֣ڣ
ǻŸʲô򰡣
ʦ


ַļƻҪɹʱһɫİµA6˹ͣԱߣȻīһװĺˡͳһװͳһĴ磬һֺĸо
ʲôˣҶǶ칫Ĵʦ
ֱӸ߸ߵԾַߣΧһȦַ籣
ݼ״ҲʾսȦ˽ַΧм䣬ܲ͸硣
ȶԷػ˷һĳ˹ȥһ㣬ʳԱɱ˵ˣ
ַļƻҪɹˣ⼸˳ˣͶԷ
ַǳƣ
衱ߣսзĸ֣ܿռϷ磬ַݼΧм䡣
֪ԼڽӣͻȻ֮䣬һ㶼ˣһ顣
ַ磬ǧ㣬һ㾹ȻǶ칫ˣ첻Ƕ칫ǣѽˣҽǰǸ屨û뵽䵽ǵУԭǺͶ칫йϵǿҲֻһܡ
˵ѽҡû̫ԭأɲܶһǻᷢԵѣڶʱڰһģ˹ҵĶ칫ᣬǿɲһˣ˼ɼֻлһ;
ַĵϴΣһ㾹Ȼôɱҡ˵´Σһɱ㣬㻹ִԲ򣡡
ãҿҲһֻ֪͵͵ı˱ţ֮ǰԴϴݺһսɸҽӣ
ַһЦ˼ûȤô޳ܵ˲ҹƽһսֻɱ㣬ΪҵĵˣҲս
ַȷûȤȤĻʱַɱҲ׾֮¡
ַûϻȫת壡һؿȥ
౾ͱ˰Χм䣬ƶȥȻסַһơĺݼݼͲᣬȫַһؿڣ˲䱻˸ϡãȥһ̣ǵ֮еһϸϸ廨롣
ݼŵЩڵ룬ж
ַһģģ
ţε׷ɱӦøһɫˣ
ַ֮ɴݼ˿ڰµA6ԣһЩ˵Ĵ򶷡߿ġ
һʱ䣬ɱ죬ҽ
ֹУ㿴ˣֳƴǺܺõĽ̿顣ݼԱ߸ַָš
ûǸʹõһԼܣϱĻ¶ȷǳĸߣʯͷڻ
㿴Ķ֣ȫһɺﶼҪһ㣡˵Ĺˣ˭Ĺߣ˭ȡʤ
ַۿⳡսȷʵѧϰ˺ܶܶࡣоֵļܣǿҪͨǿ嵽ʮлֵй

սܿ칫ĸֻһƤˣܻط֣ʣµĶɱˣʬء
ʦʣͶɱôǷǳַ硣
ݼк䣬Щ˼ֱǶɱֵŭЩҲɱ֣Сɱαװںڰ֮УЩɱ˻ҪҡڵĹ·϶ˣɱǿĵˣҲҪսǾȻͶ
ݼĿˣŭڣݺݵĵ˵һɱ𣡣
˱ݼ޵ݣֻѣô࣡˵ˣչ˵ֻһֺһͨˣҪʲôҪαװ𣿣˭֪ߵϣ
ݼǳķŭΪݼҲɱ֣һɱսٲңݼҲǾģЩˣһں֮ڣݼи޷Щ˵ֱɱֵϣ
һݼС㣬ѾսˣĻǻģ
ݼһ˵򦣬˵°ֱӱߵѾˣΪǺˣǻɱ׼ǲһԴˣֻҪжǵˣôô
˵°Ѿˣ˵ˣһݼЩսľĵС㣬ѵҲɱ֣
ݼŭ𣬡ѵһɱֻ߱ԼǸɱǲɱֲҪҪǣǲɱ֣
ݼٷϻƻǡ
ַ֮ǿĵǣζлǼλȣǰǻµġ
æʦĻʦǹĹͣʦİȫǵְ𡣴ʦҪ̫ԭ𣿡
ǵġ
æʦ̫Զػһ·̣ȽƫƧҲûйĳʦʹʦȥô
á
תĸ˵Ǽʬ崦Ǹ⳵˾ǻȥҵס졣ʹʦȥˡ
ǣӳ
а¶ȥˣղŴܵʱ٣ɱˣ£ȴʹʦϵȥˣ˭˼Ǹӳ
һ·ϣǶַǳĿһݺַԻַһ·װǻƣоñŤ̫ԭ֮ǸַһƬ
Ժʲô£ʦ浽
Զȥַг̾еλǺðһʦݣЩǼԼͳһĿͳݣСС̫ԭأһż֣˼Ҷ칫ˣ֣


062 ˭Ҿȫ
̫ԭغַݼȥһٷô£Ӧ÷һ£˾һһȥ԰ɢġ
ʱַȥ㣬ĵ绰ػǾȥסûˡȥ˹˾֮󣬹˾˵һСʱǰѾ°ˡ
ˣַһɫķǳѿȫھҵĲš
ڹ˾ſڣַţ˭裬ҷģҪȫң
Ȼ˾Ѿ°࣬ǹ˾ſڻַ緢һŭ𣬶һԶԶġ
ַ磬ż侲Щݼæַĺ󱳣
侲ݼΨһˣô侲ҴСͺΪһʺһİ󣬹Ҷ飬㲻ģЩһֱãЩж࣡ݼ㲻ģĲ
ַ˵˵ţỨзǳ££ʲô£Ĳˡ
ǳʱ軹û£Ҷ˵绰ǲųȥһϣôأ֪ҾͲȥˡ
˿̵ַ磬һӣֻ衣
ַ磬侲һЩ϶û£ЩֻΪ˶Ը㣬ѡ̫ԭԸˣֻͶˣˣһǶ˸ɵģ
û
ַͻȻ֮ͻָ侲Կٵķţ϶Ƕ֪ȥˣԲŶµ֡ôڵҲ˷ʱ䣬Ҳ˷ʱ䣬Ұ裬ٺ١
ַһЦھȥң
ݼһ㶣ݼţʧٵʱλȷȵʧٵģسǣ㾭·λ϶ͷģֻҪ϶ģͨŵϢҲԲȻƾԼţͿҳЩ˵ѵ㡣
Ҫǣݼַ֪һλǿߣ
ַڵ˼ԱƱɱֹɱ裬ҰȫңһͷȫȥкãһƣҪȫҵ
ݼַ磬Ǹߣһ£ĥһַ磬οݼӦ㲻ַݡԣݼû˵
سʮ702Ƕ˵ļң˵Сıͬһ㣬ͷäԽǽ룬ȻҡڵĽ˴á
˼ôǮôסأַֹ
ͲˣһвƲ¶ڶסСϵͳȫһȻʩϾһͨˣǲߵĻСǾͽˡ
ַ簴702壬ܿ죬һķٸţãʶڼ𣿡
ķַݼһѧģĴ磬Ҳģʲôʵͬѧ𣿡
ַ΢ЦǰͬѧЩ飬ĵ绰ҲǹػҾˡ
ѽүǰȥڻģء
˭ʱ洫һŮԵ
ķתͷشˣүͬѧүġ
ʱ߹һʱеŮˣȥʮͷɢһɳζ
Ů˿ַݼʲҲǸ˼ҵĺӣǿĵλǶ˵ͬѧɣǶ˵裬̾ͺáȻˣͽЩǡ
ַ籾ñֱӳȥģȻ˼ˣ̰ɡ
ַݼɳϣ˵Ķ档ķϲˮ֮꿪ʵλôƺ
ҽǿλŮѣַڱ˸֡
λǼҰ˵ͬͬѧɡ
ǵģ̡Ҷ˵ģ⼸ģ֪ʲôԼ˺ҴģҲˣ绰ҲػҾðˡ
ҲǼҰЩԣͻȻʳôһ仰
ǰԴϴαһѧԺ󣬾ͱò˵ˣһ˵˵Ҫַ籨𡣡
԰԰Ҳ˵ϴαһַĴˣӣ˵ҪҺѵΪ£ҳ˼ˡ
ˡַͻȻɫһ䣬뵽ʲôӡ
ôˣ걻ַ쳣ٶһ
ŮѸղŽӵַŮѵĵ绰˵ַʧˣҲˣ绰ҲػͶ˵һǲȥַ鷳ȥˣ
겻׵ĵŮʶַŮѣ
ݼʱҺַŮѴСʶһ𳤴ġַ֪ͶìʱҲεȰַͶˣͨϵ֮ìܣ˶һţƢȰסղʱҾͽӵַŮѵĵ绰˵ַʧˡ
꿴ַݼ˵żı飬϶˵滰϶ˣСҪǮ˵ڳǱһСֿ⣬˵ʲôʵáҲ㲻ôͻȻôѧϰأ϶⣡
ʳüĿˣַ缱æ̣ôأǧʲô°
ӣ˽ˣַ֮ǣ˭ôأİַɱˣɱ˾ɱˣֻҪ޾ͺáַĵϸҲɽһ˼ҵĺӣʱǮǡ
ַоκˣŭգվŮˣΪŮһλŮˣĸףַûжɱģû뵽ŮЫ˿ַ綯ɱģ
ַܣǱϻǺɫ̣㻰˵û찡
һЦ϶ǹ죡ЩСʲô죿ɱҲɱˣϲһ˶ˣ⻹Ϊء
ǣ̣Ͳ˵ȥ𣿣ַװ̽ʵ
ǣֻҪ̫ԭصˣǶѹο˶ɱ˵𣿾˵ˣҲûŵġһһһǿ϶Ͳ˵ˡ
ַЦ˵ĶԡڴЩСһֻһһ˵̣
Цӿɽ̡룬һͳһؤһͳǸ߸ϵģĻκ˶Υġؤ˵Ļ͸ƨһ˵Ͷˡ
ڲԶıķ˵̸̲סҵĲš
ַͻȻһȫ꣬ңǸֿ


063 ڸӰԼˣ
ͻȻоһǿԼЩѣ㵽ʲôˣ
ҽַ磬˵ģҵһֻС档Ӱҵ衣ңֿһ飬㲻˵Ҿɱ㡣
ɫǳƽɱң̫ԭû˸ҶǶżң
ûиҶԶû˸Ҷ
Ҹ㣬Ĳɱ𣿡
ҿ϶ɱ㣡
Ϊǰ׳𣿿ϧҲ㣬Ļɱڡ겻˵˵Ļ϶
ַ绺߹ץǣһζεļ䱻ַȡ
꾪ֵĵʲôͨˣ
ǵģߡַôһ䡣漴ذףֱĲĨ˹ȥ
ݼʵַ磬ַ
Ԫ·329š
ɱ֮ݼ˱ķķŵĹڵϿͷģҰɣɷǰڳˣʲôõһʮĶҪҶôأǧɱҡʲôûпʲôûпǴҰɣʲô˵ʲô˵
ݼذףȴַһסˡ
ַ磬ôˣ
Ǹˡ
ɱˡݼĮĵ
ݼҲɱһˣһھεġ
ݼ̾һַ磬̫ˣʺһߡ
ַ˵ʲôǶ˼£û˵ֱӴſڳ˳ȥ
Ԫ·329ţǰһ׳ΪǨϰ廻طˡǲǨһ룬֪Ǩ˾͵ز˾Ϊʲô˹˾ԲǨͣˣһֱͣ˰꣬ҹ˾Ĺ˾ûдꡣǣصԭ˾ͳأ
طǳأΪǨĹϵ˶Ѿߣûɱˣʮ¶û˷֡
ַݼ³ַȲܵ˲ֿǰ
һǳĲֿ⣬բűֿǰͣһɫγ
ַ粢ûţֱһȭբ˸һȭ
ӵʱ䣬Ͻľբţַһţһߡ
һ긾ŮһϣӣɫѾѪȾʺ죬Ů׵ٶһȫϸС˿ڣԿ˿֮¶İƬ
ŮվĸˣǶ˺ͻëұʶˣǴɵһ֪ѧУѧ
Ůַ֮ʱƴַҡͷеѪεζ¡
ַ֪ԼϽߣ
ݼˣǸһ֣ΪʲôҪίԼ
ݼתһ룬ͻȻˣڵȶԼĥַԣ
ʱĸһĿַ磬ղַ˫ֽբһţĸŴˣ
ˣַһħ˻ţ޲ýǰ˺һһι
˻˸飬ƽַ磬æóһذ׷ڳĲϣĵٹҾɱ裡
ַͣ˽ŲЦɱ裿ƾ㣿ôĻղһ㶵˲䣬㶼֪˶ٴˣѵ貱ϣЦǿЦΪٶܿ𣿣
ַ˵ţһһ룬˿ַѾסһĲӽ߸ߵľȻַֻһһͶ󣬶жûгһͶ
ˣ
˿̣ѾŵĻ겻ˡ
֪ˣĺѧУȶʱûɱ㣡ĺúںúڣҵһʱ飬ȴܹ裡ˣٴ£Ƕ޹أǣ㾹ȻҶ裡Ҫ֪ˣںˣϣ˭κˡֻҪһͷҾҪ
ַŭţţô˵ɱˣַȻĽ˻ɱûаٷ֮ٵİձסǰٷ֮ʮŻ裬ַҲ֣ܳ˵ĵĲϣֻҪһͻַ粻ܶģΪ̫Ҫˣʲô£ַľģʱ䣬Ľӽˣ
ݼûж֣Ǵſַ硣Ϊֵġ
ݼܵĵַĸ׵İ˵İҲַܵеʹ
ݼͻȻޣԼֻʮʱˣԼˣַһô졣ܵ𣿣
ˣ֪˭ҸһܣҲһͨˣһߣϵλߣҵУ㣬㣬㣬һֻҪһָͷǶˣˣ㣬ʲôҶѧУŮѣ㲻һλᣡҵ̰ɱңһǷŹ㣬㲻ˣˣˣΣ㲻ȡѵ㻹ң̫ˣ̫ˡ
鶼ˣѽģǸˡһ𣿣룬˼ôѾԼˣԼһδεߣ
ˣٸһϢɱ裡
ʲôһ㶣ɱһĽţ쵰ɱ裡
޵ŭ飬ĺһ̽ŮĲӣܣԼڶ֣ʱֻҪ취ӳȥԼһᷭʱ³һ㣡
ַǳĮ

Ҳô˿̵ַһҰһ㣬Уȫŭ
֪ʲô𣿣Ǽʶһ£
ַһȭ˵棬һը󣬵һ׶Ĵӣ
ʣµ𾪵ľˣַɱһ˵ʱ֪һˡ
㣬㣬㣬Լ߽ȥԼˡ
ԼԼˣëŵƨ
˷׷׹ء
ͬѧһǰɡ
ⶼǶ˵⣬ǱƵġ
Ĳǵ°
ðɣȻԼֻԶˡַĻǳ䣬û˿ĸ飬˵Ŀ⣬һ㡣
ַȥÿ˵һһƣ˶Ѫ漴ţ˷ɽַ翪Ĵ֮С
ַĺ飡
ˣַĿĶŶˣ˿̵ĶѾŵĻ겻塣
㡭㲻Ҫɱ裡
Ǿ仰Լ߽ȥҶ֣
ס֣
ͻȻռ䴫һȣ
ֿſһȺɫѪĸ˿ٴ֮ӳ˹
ĸ˸ճֿ⣬Ϊ׵ǸӰһת֮˶ǰ
Źӣܾˡ
ǣ˱ŵĻɫǳĲ԰ףǳᣬǿ˵Ŀһɭɭĸо
㸸װ߱ˡ
ԭǰְֵˣŭΪʲô粻ң
˺ݺݵĵ˶һۣ˵Ĵʲôһ£ˣֻвʱǲŻ֣ҪסҲְֵˣְǵˣôְΪ£þ
ͱյĽģַĿȫԹ
ַĿĸ˵ɨĸ֣
ţֺڰϢĳֺڰЩ֡
ַݼҶԸԸһ
ţСˡݼһ㶼ģΪгڣ


064 Ѫ壡壡
֮ϵĳ㿴ԣҪ֣оˡ
ֵܣôܲأĵ˴Ӳֿſ˽
ַĳӵʹ˿̷ǳݡ
ðɣȻֵæˣ̫ˡַȷϾԼӡ
ߵ˿Χļˣɫͱ䣬ǵʲôˣ
ӵĵ˵أѵðˣӲˣ
һ˶֣壡û뵽徹Ȼᰵг̫ԭأɱǣҲòκεϢҪǶˣһܵõʲô˵ţת˶ˣſ죬͵ҧ˶˵Ĳӡ
һɹɵѪҺ˳˵ĺ£ɱһҽţ֮Ǿ֣źɫѸٵ󣬳ۿʬ嵹ص
ţǰһ뻹ҪԼˣһȴɱԼˣ
ɱ֮ʹɫʱĸϱһѪѪѸٵת֮ĸʧ
Ӵһ׷ҪǰϢųɹ
״ַݼ˸оǳĪ
衭
ַ⿪˳ϵӣȡ˳ӣųϴĿĵ˿ڣַһ̹ǵʹ
ַİڳͷϣϵİصȫ˷ĩַ֮˳
衭ַۺỨ裬Ѿ㱨ˡģԺ󲻻κ˺ģֻҪ˭˺һɱйϵˣҷġ
˵ʲôѾ˺ѵǶ˶ʲôû˵
裬ȥҽԺַ罫㱧ڻֻ뽫͵ҽԺƣʹࡣ
ѪѪһ󼱴ٵַݼĶתȥֻѾȥĶ˴ӵӣڿʬ֮ϣʳѾȥë˵Ѫ
ַʱоëȻô£
ݼȻˣûв´ĻղĸѪħ½֮ϣѾ
Ѫֶ
ʳѪ֮󣬲԰׸ɿݵ忪ʼָǰҧҲʧ
ζ
ףôûſַݼˣæ˼һ֮£оԼ࣬ȫ
ݼĿĶŶˣ磬ѾһѪ
ʱһͣڲֿſڡ
һŮΪ׵һ΢ֵˣʮꣻһʮҵ꣬һұһŮĿĶַ硣
Ǯӳôˡݼˣϴȥ뾭ѣǮٳǡ
Ǯٳǵղ˱ˣ˸ṩַԹҲŵֹ˾ԭݼСַ
ַеڣ÷ŹǸķǣַȥѡһεĻŹ
ַĿƲǮٳǣǣ
Ǯٳǵ̫ԭ鳤Ǯٳǣλҵ£½Σ
ַɱģ
ַޱĵǡ
Ǯٳǵһ˰ɡ£ᴦġ
ַЦţҪץҡ
ΣǮٳޱ飬ǡ
ַҪץҿԣù˵
ݼԣæǰǮٳǵǮӳЩ顣ַѣЩ˰ַ裬黹ûн꣬һҪַȥҪȻַоͻħ
Ǯٳַ磬֪ǲɱͨ˵ģѾ˱ˣѾˣѾֵĲʰˣҲץ˻ȥôȥһҲˣ˼ô죿
˿Ǯٳǵˣʱİ
ǰĶǮٳǵ٣ɱҵͬѧҪߺߣֻҪҽӳȥҰְִĻҪȫ
ǮٳƲһ۶ˣû
ǮٳĽַܲĻǰַ磬һɷɺͰþģɱˣߣ
ҲأַЦ⣬ЩԼԼýȫɱ
ַŭߣǱ㶯ְɣ
㣬ûʸ񣡡ַսȻʹַŲŲ˵λýӽ
죬ֹΪ豨Ҷɱ
ȵȣǮٳǼæм䣬ַ磬ɣȸһˣþȴ¡Ȼٴӳ飬Ľ½ַ֮磬ڲɱˣɱˣûа취ѹȥʱ򣬿Ҷܵ𣿣
ַĵУ˱
Ǯٳǵֻõˣ
ַͻȻ뵽ʲôһЦãʹ򣡲֮ǰҪ˵ݼ
˿̵ַѾȫӽ˶ˣȫһȭ˵ؿڻȥ
䣡
һȭݺݵ˶˵ؿڣ˸оԼһ˲һ࣬Ѫȫһɽѹһ㣡
ײǽ֮ϺȻأȻ˰Լ벻ǣԼȻվ
ַȻȻЦǮӳ˰ɣνͨˣҸɣǸѪ
ѪѪĻָţʶֻ֪ѪܽԼƣ
Ǯٳǵֻһ£ûжӦ˵ĸǸѪµģ֪û뵽ԼĶӱôĵĶ
ݼǸոոҧġ
ոգ˭
ݼ򵥵Ľŵһ顣
Ǯٳ˫һ̯ȻһѪôַ磬Ҳֹ㱨ġ
ˣ
˲Ծһַ硭
˱ģʱ𣿶˷ˡ
İɣҲôġ
ַӰȭĻڶ˵ȫһȭһȭ˵ϴȥÿһȭÿһƶڷйַеķŭ
һҽëȻ
ӹ󣬶˵һ࣬ѪѪָ˭ҲȲˡ
Ѫģʬ壬һŻ˺˾ռһ㡣
ַɱ֮󣬱˳㣬ֿſȥ
ŭһվס
ַĿⶢŽƽĿ£Ҫȥƣ˭ңɱ˭ȥҽԺһġ
ַ˵꣬ҧгݵĽֱȥ
ӳǮٳǣί붯֣ǮٳǲûǲԶֵġ
ǮٳǿַĮĿ⣬֪ôˣһļ£ͻȻһָоֹĻ϶ԥĽЩɱ
ǮٳתͷݼݼַѣҾ͸һӰɣ½Σַ磬ȥٻأ
ǣӳ
лǮӳַ粻䲻ȡַ粢ûоܾԼῪҲûгҽԺԶ϶ܶࡣ
Ǯٳǵַ磬ѣòҪȥҽԺŵĵ̣ŵˣٳʲô£ֱӽŵˡ
ݼҲ˹ȥǷǳʱַ̣ǳĲȶַʲô¡
ܿ죬洫ķ


065 Ҿץ
ĶǮٳǵǮӳǰ˶ˣΪʲôǳַֽץסɱĿǶųɹĸӣ¸ѹȥ̫ԭأ˭ǶųɹųɹĶӶɱˣ¶ٲΪ֪£˭Ҷ˭˭ù
ǮٳǵЩҶ֪ųɹһͨˣǮҹҲˣΪͷ̫ԭ̫ˣû˸ҶһˡЩ̫ˣΪǮԺһУΪû˸ҶǼ֣ˡһˣ㶯ļˣںˣͻ᲻һеȥ𣡺Ȼַˡ
ַɣҺСѧϰɼ죬һͨˣûб¶Լ츳ҲˣһߣһȼܸߵߣЩһֱ̣ڹһͨ˵ֻҪû˴ƽַһһͨˣһͨ˵һӣͺã־ͺãһҰĵˣֻԼ˺ںˣһδεĶԸַ磬ַ綼Źˣĳַ粻¡һδεַ磡ǧ򲻸þǰַ裬ַۣԶżҵˣҹַһŹղɱַ磬ָоַԥĽЩȫɱ
һһ㶵ģǰĶúҲַЩͣΪԼ边ȻҺͶżԣеͲˣӳַʵû˵ôǿɣɱˣ
Ǯٳǵǵϵ̰𣿻ﺣôģݼɱݼ򲻹ЩˣЩȫˣȻҲºַйϵһأϳͻɱ̫ԭأһ˰ݼַɱﺣǣôֿ϶ַݼйϵôһǿֵ֧ˣ룬ǻҪСΪϣ
ЩݵЦӳıԶǡ
Ǯٳ̾һҲ벻аҲԶĻ˵˯˯ţԴ˶֪ûλãˣ֪ˡЩ飬㲻ȥ룬ȥ룬ȥʽƵȥ룡е㲻ȥǣȥԽߵˣͻԽ࡭
ʵǻҪץַ𣿣
ǮٳǵץǵȻҪץҪݺݵץ
һַץַ磬Ҿַ϶־ܵġ
Ǯٳǵһ˿죬ǹַ뿪ģҪԼʱȥеϵڣе鶼ҵ֮С
Сʱַ֮ݼٴγֿ
ַǮٳǵ˵ˣץңɣַѾս׼
üҾ̣мֽ
ϻ˵ɣ
ַͽ˲սһ𣬶һԵ½ҲսͬΪżַһж
½ΣƷͺãҪ
ǣӳ
ǮٳתͷݼЦݼҲ򡣡
ݼЦţ֪㲻ᶯֵģҪֵĻղѾˣͲ뿪ˡ
ǮٳεĵںŶôҿɲܸʲôˡҪɣҵºַӮˣַߣˣǲ׷¡
ô˵Ǯӳа취ѹȥ£
Ǯٳһ㶣Ϊݼ˵һƽأû뵽һھץסص㡣һ仰ǮٳǶݼָһַ֡ʤܣʤйϵֻҪѹȥ£϶ûˡѹȥַʤˣǮٳǻǲưոݵġ
Ǯٳǵûѹȥ£ֻε鷳̫ˡǵ½ɹ̫ԭص׸̫ԭҲǵˣˣˣôѹ£̫ԭصÿһﶼˣѹסֲɣҷǣôҾҪܶѹŪҷ붼Ͷˣ
ݼв첻ѣһͨһˣֻǿ˼ҹ˾ôô֪ŸҲûἰЩֻкһ䣬ųɹǿû˵ʲôݼȻ׵
ݼҪĨˣ˵ôѹ
Ǯٳ˵ĵɱ½ɹȫ⣬һ˰ˣҲûѹˡҪȥǧ˵˵ġ½ɹиֱһ֯ģǰû֪֪֯Ѫ塣
Ѫ壡
ʱַͶ˾֮Ϊʲôû֪ͨųɹأݼ벻ףַͶ˾ʱڳⲢûиݼַ
ݼԽԽ£⣡
ݼɫЦǮٳǣǮӳǺ˼ɱǮٳǣûʲôѹˣȻǮٳڹҲŰõһ൳Ժ͸ˣһǿ֯
ǮٳǱҴıһ㶼죬Ŀǰİ취ǴɱǮٳǣǮٳһҲͲץַˣ¾ͺûϵˣǮٳǲֶͨͨʩѹѹͻȫתƵ飬󣬾ұˡŶȥҲ֪ô£ҪͷͷϾҪ˿ңҲʲôҵλӾûˣ
ݼҲףһ֦ҶïܵĴһֻҪһïʢ֦Ҷήġ
ݼǮӳҪ㣿ǲ˸Ҫţ
ǮٳǵɫȻһ䣬÷һԼŻҪţϢǾϢݼô֪
Ǯٳǵһ˿Ϊ˾ɱ⣬ЦûҪģºݼСûʲôϵɣ
÷һʲôˣ󾿾ʲô
ǮٳǵҲ޷÷һʦɽһ̫۹᳤ܻԱ
ݼ뵽һǳµ飬ɽɱ޵ʱ÷һͷųŴǮٳţžͺŴһһֱԹۣ
ݼˣΪʲô÷һһ仰СС̫ԭشң
ѵǮٳǺҪţţټ⣡ݼͻȻоԼַһµȦףȥˡ
ǮٳǼǲɱųɹųɹҲǸ֯Ҫɱǵģԣɱ˶ųɹãҲá
ݼЦַɱ˶ųɹôַŵˣһų棡е鶼Ǯٳûйϵ
һн赶ɱˣݼȴûа취ںõĿӣַֻĸԸ
ݼʵ㲻˵ַҲɱųɹģ˭ַ裬ȫҶҪ
ǴɷģǴɱɹҾͰ뿪̫ԭأ
뿪ݼЦЦû˵ʱǮٳһɱڣ
ݼ֪̫ˣҲûа취ˡݼףַ϶Ҫɱųɹģֻһһ
ǮٳǺݼѾЭ顣ַߴȻ졣
ǵѪַŭ޳ܵåΪʲôÿζҵؿڣ쵰
ַϷʵЦż˵ֻֽ׼ÿδҵأͲ׼ҵĴǿôƯĴһͷһŴصģ㾹Ȼҧʶģ
㡭
½ҲǷǳƣͬΪŲߣôˣûаѶԷ£ֻЩƤ˶ѣ˿ַһֱԷΪÿ˵ĹԷȻĶܹȥĶҲûκԣֻٶȣ˵е㱿׾ǾⱿ׾ȴһһεĶܿ˹ַܵĿյʱַͻͻȻϮϮĿֻԽֻ͵ϮأҾȻε֣ýŭѣԼЩǱûнѣûκԼز쾹ȻһеץΣ
Ȼַ粢ûǲǽҪȻ촦ˣַ翪ʼʱɱ䣬ݼǮٳǵ̸ԳֵʱȫǶŽ½档
ȻǮٳǺݼΪսϵ˵̸ģ˲ַ֪иܵľħĽ飡
½κͽʼʱ˴һǲʵ£ȻǶһ˲ûϣǳսģʽ˼ù£Ƕһۣܲ͸ʽַ繥ȥ
ַȻܿԷʽݰַԺǣַٶȴϣһ˴ʮ¥һƿӣǿˣʮ׿⣬ٶܹȥס𣿣Ȼǲܣ
ַھһָоܿܲ͸ĹˣȭͷԼˣǶ㲻ָоǳıٶȸݵжϣһ仰Ϊ
ַ绹Ƕܹ󲿷ֵĹֻһЩ΢ĹԼϣȻЩǰݽͣ룬ҵأҾͰͷ
ǽÿַһȭַͻᰵʩչǲڽϺݺݵһѣȻһЦ˼ףҾץءý߲ѡ
ݼһĻͬҧгݡ
ַȫǹģ
½˵ͻ࣬ڵˣ˵˵Ҳ⣬ſ²
½δʱзǳķŭԼһֱŮǹҸ˲ţ̫ԭģԴŮһ̫ԭصʱϲŮԼϲŮûˣô
־ѧƣôãòַ磬½ʹ似ˡ


066 ӷ㣡
½ΣŲĴһŲģҪҪҪʹ似۸û似𣿡ַŭš
½β˫֮ܣΧ¶ȼ˫ϵĻĹƺȼһ
ַĬĬתŽ鴫ڸԼĿھЩյĽ˳žתַַֻ֣ϵÿһƤѪܡϸ
˲䣬ַоֻӲԿһȭһһߺĸְ崩͸
ַŲǲЦ½γȥ
Сӿƣ
ַ粻ҪӲӣֵĻƣֳܲסĸ£ݼżĴš
ǮٳҲֹǺˡ
ݼѻˣһ
½κģֻҪԼ˫ƺͶԷϣ˫ữɻҽ½κ͸ֽȲѺԼĵˣ˶ҶԼĻƣǴﵽֵǿҲң
ǰˣȻԼĻƣǲʲô
ԣһžȼգַ˫ֿʼð̣ܿ¯֮еĸͨ죡ַоԼ˫Ѿﵽٶȵĸ£̹ǵʹɲǼѾľַ˫Լһ㣬ԼһһĸоԼ˫ֺ֣ǣֻһԼյĸַ˫ȫתƣ޵ĸַȫѪҺڣţʣԼ˫ֺȡľס˴󲿷ֵ¶ȣַ綼ԼǲѾˣַ˫ֲδڻĺͶԷƴţȫ˫֮
似£ַһֱûѧ似ԭΪ̫죬һûʱ䣬ǣ쾳һ似֪ʶ似ȣ쾳ԺſġյϢ֮˵쾳ǰҲĴ͸Խã϶պԽ˳쾳ǰ似Ļ似Խ磬ԺΣԽ󡣵ʱǺ似ǴԵģ似ǿ˺͸ĴȣڵʱоףҲоˣǵΪһĸ߶ȣͻоʱӲˣʱڶˡ
ַѾܲסƵĸˣȫԼǿȡľֿԷĻƣַ似ˮ似ĻȫɵĻƣûУ˿̣ڵİ˳ѾľԷ֮ڻƵĻԼ϶ܣ
ַ粻ܰܣ˵Ļ˫־ͻᱻϣ
ʵ˿̵½αַиΪֻţ½ͷǺǱ¿ģϾҪþƾͿˣʩչÿ似ҪĴ½αǣַƶͨͨ죬ôͲأΪʲôƿһ㣬һ˵Ǹأ⵽ô£
½β֣ټһᣬƵ־ѧԷ϶ҲŲסˣľҲֻ࣡ҪҼ֣϶ܵģһƶʹˣԷûʹʲô似ˣ̫ˣҶӳԱ߿ţŮҲԱ߿ţԼܰܣ
½γ̵ľʹˣǴʱ½εѾûˣƴַڻϾַʹõʹֻڱ˸£Լ
ԣ½עҪܵģ
ַ翴½α龪֣Ǻַɲȥжûһأ½γŲסʱ볷ƣȴķ֣Լĺ񱻶ԷסһôַоԷ볷ſ϶Ѿûˣôõѽʹ似ҵ˫֣ڴ򲻹ң볷ȥ
ַжϣԷѾûˣ
ӣӾͷ㣡
ַ罫ʣµȫת½εӿȥ
½ĵһ˲Ϩˣַ֮ͨϴﵽٶȵĸһַתȫӿ½Σ

½һҽУٶȵĸ»һˣɽһ½εֱۣ
½εƱ˲ڻǰУѪȫ˻ҳ
ǮٳǿһĻ½ߣٵĵ£ȻһɱϢ˳ż£ǹԿ
ǹɿֲ嵽½εļֹͣˣȻʧ½˶ðŨŨĺ̡
½ε첲ûˣڼûˣȫɢڿС
ûɱˣԼֱ۱ˣ⻹ʷǧŵһˣ
½ε˿ѾᣬֻǶݵʹ֮Ѿľûʲôоˣʧȥ˫ۣҲ꣬˿ʧȥƽ⣬վվȡ
ӳұ𰡡½˺ѷΣĿ϶Ǯٳǡ
ǮٳһЩֵһ飬Ҷˣ
ˡ
ˡ֪ˡĹ֪𣿡ǮٳðһĪĻ
½ʹıһˣҵ˫ֱϣѵӳҲ𣿡
ȥȥܲϽɡǮٳεıۡ
ʲôӳ㲻ô飡½ҧгݣץ˵ʱˣڲΪұ㻹ȥϽ˵ǹˣǲзϣ弶ضȲзϣ鷨棬ʮץﷸУΪս²У弶зϵģҪ⳥һǧǧȴȥϽ𣿣
ǮٳĲ̵ĵ½ΣΪ˸ã˶£ǰһͨΪʮǮɱǸˣ˭ģذɻսɱĸˣ˭ģȥǿ鸾Ůһˣ˭ģձհǳЩ£½Σǿ½µϣģˣ˵ҲûǵڵٰʮִвϼţԼж˲в⳥Χ֮ڣղųֵʱ˵ʲôˣ˵ץסַ磬һҾͲ˵ˣԷûʹ似Ȼǲ뽫ǵĹϵŪ̫ɻ⣡أʲô㾹Ȼʹûַɱ߷ϵɱ˵Ȩﻹûӳķַ磬Ҳ군㲻ǰĺǰ걣ˣþͰ߽ȥղţҾ㣬ͱģһڲлҵľ֮㷴ˣ
½αһӼ֫ˣô࣬Ǯٳ˵ЩһǮٳ˵ĶʵиɻӳˣҸˣȻҾҲйҲΪ˲¡ڣ˵ҴˣѵôѵĲΪұ𣡡
סڣǮٳŭס㲻ΪҰ£ΪҰ£Ϊ׻Ƶ۹£ץﷸǱǵĴάᰲΪ˽𣡡
ǮٳǣСˣҸǾȹģо֮ڿĵܱܵ˴У㾹Ȼ޶ԣ

ڣ
½λȥ
ǣ
½ţ½α߱תͷǮٳǣ˵СˣҸ粻Źģ
ǮٳǣҪɱ㣬Ҫɱַ磬š


067 Ǯٳǵı
ǮٳҲǳܣ֪½³嶯ôô嶯
Ǯӳ֪ûж⣬ղţʧˡ
ַ֪ǮٳڲԸԼġ
Ǯٳεĵⲻ㡭
𣿿Ǯٳû취ԼץﷸģﷸԼ˴ˣԼҪﷸ˵ⲻ㣡Ҫж
ݼûдЭ֮ǰĻ黹תأǮٳǿ϶ַ֣Լ±ˣԼܲʲô򣿻иղЩдʵ˵ƨѾݼЭ飬ڳֶԸַ磬ֻԼĴ£
ǮٳϸĽԼݼЭַ磬ʵַ֪
ַ粻ǮٳǺǲĻǮٳԸԼַ׵ģԼҪɱųɹǮٳǺҲ˳ֵ¡
ǮٳǵĿǰһʱѹסѹסõġһ׷ɱǣֻǷųЩ֯׷ɱǡǼסˣɱųɹһᰲ˽뿪̫ԭأ߶Զ߶Զ
ַݼףǮٳǵĻţʱһɱڣ
ǮٳǼźڶô϶Ҫִ£п̫ԭصҪϴƣЩǲ岻ֵġҸоһڷ֮ڣ̫ԭػҵģ֮ڣҲҪʱ̣רɱߵȻģСط治ôȽġҲ֪̫ԭĿǰ̫ˣѸһѡҲƳġǹ׷ٹܣֶܲе֮ˣӵڷֻȻѸͨڵʹڶʱڱһͨˣ޵ֿ֮һѣ͸ˣ
Ǯٳ˵ţӶͳһСɫǹַ硣
ֻӵǹļֵ󣬾ͼ顣һӵֵǧ򣡡
ַһȣССӵˣҵ񰡡
ǮٳǼųɹʹĻˣѾͨһڿѣĻճ˵⣬ڻزˣҪԺԣϣλܰе˼֮ϡ֮飬֮ȫˡ
ַЦǮӳѾһжƻˣǸķǮӳҲʵʱɣ
ǮٳЦȻЩ£֪ͺã˵ģ˵û˼ˣǲǣ
ַһǮӳǲȥųɹûлᣬڻˣҺݼ֣
Ǯٳһ㶣û뵽ݼַ˵˼ϸܣȥҲûбҪˡ
ǺǺǣûΪųɹ̫ԭص̫ˣҵ֮ͨжˣ̫ԭصƽǿвˣҵѹ̫ˡԣһֱȥи֯Ұɱһʧˣұظִ˸ˣųɹ֪ͨʲôϵȻ֪Ұɱųɹ˸Ҵһ仰˵ļ̫ԭسµĻһɱ˾ң̫ԭô꣬ǵһвҵˣأû뵽ַɱţڣˣˣ϶ŹҵģԣҪɱ˶ųɹ
ַԭͷΪԼɱźͶӣ㻹취ǻñʲôɱųɹɣ
Ǯٳǵǵģûҵ½λһЩȥɱųɹģĳЩˣųɹλڡڵʽλɱΪʵģȫƲϵ
ַǮٳ˴ĴָǮӳƣͲ¶ųɹѪ壿
ǮٳǵųɹֻһСسǵ׸ֻһͨˣֲʲôرҪҲ²ѪֻͨųɹϴǮģ֯Ƶͨ˿϶ܶ࣬Ҳ¶ųɹֻһСӶѣпޡųɹŵĻѪ˻ܱųɹˣѪкֵܴܲġ֣ںûаϵˣλˡ
ַз䣬Ǯӳ˵֮ɵʱȫǲ֪һЩĻǿǺϵӦøǰɣ
ǮٳǸЦ֮£Ҳûʲô˵ġֻܸǵǣҽǵ£ǰ֮ǰҲġ
ַЦлˡôǮӳҪǣǲ˰ˣȻȥ󣬾˵Ǵսһ˵ǹҲˣȻ£ȫͨǣȻȥ֮ͻ½˵ʱΣли֣½κͽȳԼһվȻǣղŶ½εѵⶼϷΪ˱ǵ
ݼΪȻе鶼ܣ濼˿ˣ㣬ά㣡϶ʱ˽֣̫ԭҳʲôҲ޹أʱڰвһУ˵ĶԲԣ
ֵַǮ鳤һͳ̫ԭأǲǣŵҩṩģ
Ǯٳеıַݼȫ˵˳Ǯٳһ죬𾪣̫ˣһܰȫ̵ıƶϳ
ǮٳεЦţˡ˵ˣûɱųɹԶҪ벻̫ԭˡ
޳ܣַŭһһƴǮٳǵؿڣ
ַһƿʮɹǮٳǲ㲻ûһ˿ķ
Ǯٳǵߵķһ㣬һֱɵ˲ֿ֮⡣
Ǯٳվ͵³һѪȻЦ
ַЦðиӣǴ򲻻֣װҲҪһ㣬˲ôؿԣ濴һ¾ͺá
飡
ң
ַ罫ǮٳǰڵϣǮٳǽȭŭţӣȦ꣡趼ʶ
Ǯٳǵ沿ȫһͷЩֵ˿޹ȫһĺַյСеһˣ˿Ǯٳǵһ飬һ飬һ飬ĺһҵƴͼһ㡣
Ǯٳǽһߣɦģ˲ˣҲѪɡ
ðɣ
ַ罫ٴξۼ֮УǮٳǵȫ͵˹ȥ
ˢˢˢ
ַ־һѵһ㣬ܿ죬ǮٳˣѪ죬˻ѪҲõƤ
Ǯٳϵ·϶ѾȾѪƬճϣǮٳҪλûĵطһƬѪģˡ
ǮٳЦܺãרҵϲŪ￪˷ܵģʷǮٳˡ
ǮٳǿַĿⶢԼĳ֮һӰıǸط̨ˣܲסκε˺ǧ𣡣
ַƲһŪҵأðɣԺһƣ
ַȫݺݵһƻǮٳǵؿڣ
Ǯٳһзһֱӷɳ˲ֿ⣬ص֮ϡ
ģСһ̫ˣǮٳǾԼλˣҲֱӱ˸ϡãʱͷۻʵĸоСӲɱҰɣǮٳ뵽̲ס˸顣
ӳʱһͷĺӰԶ˹
Ǯٳǡ쳣ѡֳ壬ĺ½£ߣҪң
½εĸ½£
Ǯٳаϲʱ򰡣ȥ֮󣬾˵Ǯ׹Ҳôţˣۿˣұ˴ˣ㲻Ŷˣ춼Ұ
˿̵Ǯٳʹȿߡ
Ȼˣ°ɣַݼ˳ȥȻ˿϶Ҫ½´Ǯٳǵʱ䡣
½ڿԼܱ֮ܵܵ˵ǮٳǾȻԼ𣬽ʧȥʼĩԭĸ½£½֮ŭ죬ֱӽԱߵ˸飡Ȼ󿪳ֿ
½ֱӽǮٳ˳Ȼ͵ĺš½²ŵͬʱһƽԱߵһ򷭣һֱӱϡȻ׷
½½ǮٳǴȥ֮ǮٳǷҩ֮еǮٳǲ˹Ȼ󽫡ʼĩ½½ֵܺͽ
½꣬һ¹ǮٳǵĴ£ӳҴ˰˵˵Լ⣬ŷԼû֡
ӳԭΪ˾ҺԼһ˺͵˷սҾȻΪӳҪҡһ˶ӳӳĸ
Աߵ½ŭ½Σһʱ³ç𣿶ӳôص㿴ڶӳûˣ
磬ҵĴҵĴַ磡ݼһŹǣ
Ǯٳĵ½ΰ㶼˰֮ڣ㷸ô£һι㣬밡ɱˣҰѹǿ鸾ŮҰѹôǲӳأ
½μĶˣʲôʱǿ鸾Ůˣסӳַ֣ûи첲ӳģȻ½ǸзˣԺҲỳɶӳˣӳҵĸˡ
Ǯٳǵȥ¾ͲҪˣڱǹҲԷȥˣҪ취У½̫ԭǵˣ׷ɱַݼ
ǣ


068 ڵ
ַݼȥֱ֮ŵ˽ַҪ㡣
裬ģһ㱨𣡶żҵˣһɱһ
ַڲߣų֡
ӣȥæ°ɣû¡ǳƽҲǳοȻַ粻Լӣ仰͹ˣ

ݼַһưɣ̸ļƻ
ݼһˮĵ磬Ǯٳ˵֮ɻдսһǿŵġҾЩ£ɽǸ÷һйأ÷һʩѹǮٳšʱŸǮٳǴĻǮٳҰĲźźţȻٶԸţǳԣǮٳһ̫ԭɣ
ַ̾һҲû뵽Ǹ÷һһ仰ͻ̫ԭشҡ
磬ݺȨһʵ۵һ仰ͻõǧΪ£磬ǿʳǿΪԹŲЩ췢ô£ȫһ״̬ڣҲУȻѾ֪һУ̫ˣֹˡ
ַεĿЦֻǱõССӣʱԶӡ
ݼͷ˵û֮ĶǵĹϵȫֻ֮Ҫɱųɹ֮ȫ˱ɡ
ַУôҲŵһӣ֮ʣôԹۣοԪǲҲܲܣ
ݼҡҡͷַ̫ˣ
Ԫǵȷ϶⣡żҵʱ㵱ʱͶ˾ʱڳⶼûиǣǸʱ򣬾ڱǣûв´ĻǵľǮٳǣ͸ǮٳǺˣ
ַ룬صĵ˵ͷⲢˣҾһˣ϶⣬϶ܵвǱǮٳץס˰ѱ
ݼĵЩҪҪǣǰɱųɹʧܻǳɹǮٳǶɱڣֻǮٳҵѣʱе鶼Ƹ
ַЦЦݼôһµģҷģ

ÿ죬ŵĵ̶ʮʮżһ£ȻһЩͨˣǴ̫鷳ˣͷĴʱһ촫ΣеʱҹĳľưɾͻƴɱŹ¼ÿ춼ˣԪˣܳ棡ŵ鶼ѹһͷϣ̶̵ʱ䣬ܶŹ¼ߴʮ𣡶ҾĽûаϵ˵Ŀڷ綼ǳĽҲʲʲô
Ⲣûгܣһܣڶŵͷɱ⡣
ιʱ˸绰
ʦ֣ҴŵõϢɩӵļգźϣɳȥɱ㣡ŵĹǾ벻ʦҵˣţѾ˰źˣʱҰ˽ŵĸȫɱŻ군ˡ֮ʱҪ档ţԪ٣ŻᶯֵģʱְֻҪʰо־ͺˡɱųɹ£ʦҾݼַȽϺʡһжƻˡŶˣ֣󣬻Ϊ⿪ʦķӡ
ɫЩÿٳǣ֪һжΪҺãʮһֱţҲԪʲô£𣿣
ʦ֣¶ҪһѾſƣźҺһٲźţҺʦһţɱԪļƻȵⶨˣԪ϶
УǮٳǵĻԪҶɽʮֵһ㣡Ҳܿ£
ǮٳЦʦ֣Ҳס룬űٵĻԪ϶ɹ㲻ΪԼ룬ҲҪΪŮɣ
֣һʹ˾ٳǣ¹Ҳ̫ԭصİϴֻŮһ׵ġ
Ǯٳǵʦ֣İɣ㲻̫ԭذϴҲû£ֻҪ̫ԭؾͺˣһúչ˵ģԼŮչˡ

ɽҹǳ䡣һ紵ءһ㡣
⽫ͣɽ£һɽַݼ˽İиں档Ȼݼһɱ֣˵ֶΣ̫ԭأݼ˵һû˸˵ڶ϶ᷢ֡
æһ죬û㱨Ķ㱨Ԫ෢ǵͷԼڿϢһˡȴϢһǳҪӣԼƲͷе鶼Ҫȥ¡
ɽһĹ԰Ĺ԰Ĺ԰˹ֻҪǸˣǹҸ˻ֵĹء
棬ֻ֮£һֲֿĸо⾶ֱߵһ·֮ǰͣ˽Ų
һŸߴɰĹïʢ֦Ҷһ˵ֱ۱ԼİŮӲ˺ˣĹ֪ķ紵ĹϵʯͷѾ߰˰ˡͷǳĸоӲݷǳ٣Ǿ˹ɨĹ
ЯĹóһ޼ľĴϸĵ޼ɰأǸһλ磬ǳ档
޼֮ϷͷóݵĹߣͷĸɸɾ
㣬ݡ
Ҽĵڶʮͷˡ
϶ѾͶ̥תˣôõŮӣһͶ̥һ˼ҡ
ļˣչ˵ĺܺãĸĸҾĸһԴǡ
ôѾԭҰɡ
ǵŮķǳã㲻òġ

еݼַв죬ԭŮ
ʱĹ԰Ѿʮ˰ΧΪ׵˵ƣʮΧ£
һ㶼ûзĹ˵
⣡ڵˣһ͵ĴĶ
ⲢûǶĹ˵Ҳκ˴Ϣġ
Żվתʮ֮һ꺺ӣݣ֪ˣڽĹ԰֮ǰҾ֪ˡҪԣҪɱҲԣǣҪЩ»徻𣿡
ΪŵĹɱ⣬ζʧˣںòסᣬݿ϶Ź⣡ˣʲôΪҽ𣿡
εЦݣ㲻ߣҲߣ̫ԭɺܿͻḲ𣡽ϣЩˣȫĲס
һЦԲѣɱȫǾŲ֣һŵˣһŵˣͺŵ˺ţ
Цǵ֪Ǳŵã
֣
ϼܣһٻɱ⣡ҪκδϢĻᣡ
ǣ
һʱ䣬ΧȦɫĹâʣӿȫŰΧȦмһˡ⣡
ϹŵЦһԾɳʮ׿⡣ûв룬Ҫô˵Χ֮»ҷ

ݵһ£ǵص˷ϯȥ
ʮͬʱüܣһǿߣҲֻ·һûӣΪţԼΪǮٳǲԼ
ЦţΪ壡ȴòΪŮˣŮ˵ļգܲݣҲҪݣ
ݲ֪õ壬ʵǮٳǸݵ壡
Ʊˣȴƣݲ֪֪
䣡
һ춯صصɽһƬɢ


069 
⣬˰ɣݵ֮ʱͻȻоЩԣ쵽һΣյϢԼϾΪǿߵıܷӦ
һǿĲΥΪ˷ӶȥĹ԰һ˲䱻ݻٳһƬƽأЩΧĶʮֻûӦͱһǿʳƬΪӣ֮ľɽʯ綹һžĳΪƬ
ô£ݴ󾪣Ե񱼡
ǹɼݻһеһ㱬ɨǰһУӵʱ䣬һƬɽֻΪУֻʣصĳƮѾ˰׷ԲԲƽء
ƽصģװĵվԱߣЦš
ݣɡ
ĴӰ˳
⣬ɱҿԣң⵽ô£֪Լ޷Կĸֻ֣Ŀ
ȥɣ
˵꣬ұߵһѾݵߣֻһУݾͱһѪ
ָɱݣϵɫһ䣬һƬִ󺰣˭
ַݼһˣ
ߣݼַ֣һߵȥ
ָҪ׷ϣһס˲׷Ǯ鳤ɡ
ݼַ˻˵һʱѵõϢԪԪʼ𾪣ţԪĵ绰һֱػ
ܲԪҩ֮º࣬ҪȫҪࡣڵ¸ԪæңźѾ˲ݵľ棡Ԫף־άֲ˶ãҪʽսˣ
Ԫſ˯£ڿһЩڵĲϣȻܶ࣬ǽµĲҵӪľԪɽ⡣
ʱԱߵĵ绰ˣүݼСַ
ǽ
Ӷ˸˿ϲˮԪЦݼС㣬ַЩϰ߰ɣ
ݼϰߵϰߡͷɱҪȻûлԪһˡ
ݼ˵ĺ˵ʵԪֱ̾⣬̫ԭƽʮˣһ̫ԭˡһδų֣ǼƻõһһδƽһѹǴֻƴܾˣϴΣòԼԶɽ̸У˾̸һ̸һѹȥָֻǰо򣬱̸ĺúõģ̸һ룬ԶɽƵĹңʹܾˡ
ݼԪ壬ЩҶ֪⼸죬ŵŵĲҵ£һαһδ֮ѾʮˡԣأһôûУǻѡǰǴʱ⵽һΰɱԶɽĶġ֯ɱң֣һϢ౻ɱˣ
౻ɱˣɱ֯ôӵģԪֱԼĶ䡣
ǺǡַʱԪ壬칫ˡ
Ԫһ㶣ô붼벻ַԭĴæЦʧʧԭǶ칫ˣĳ׾ˡ
ַԪ壬Ǯٳ˵̫֮ԭصҪϴƣԣĿǰԵĵ˭ҪǽеȻ͵˾һս
˵˻ṥܲô죬ôô죡ܣܡ
ԪҡͷЦʵѾַ硣
ַ壬ûвܵģǮٳǼȻ˵Ļ϶ĵֻΪҵĻܳѣڿԿ϶ź֮սſ϶йϵֻڵص̫û֤ݣҲ˵һƻĿǰŵķٶѾ̫ԭؽһ࣬Զɽһδεţѵ֪ŶȥԼĺ϶֪֪ˣΪʲôҪеԭ򣡶ΨһĽͣԶɽˣԶɽˣ϶ţȻЩƶϣǮٳǸҵǾ仰ƶϳģ
Ԫ˫̫Ѩĳ˼ţߵ̫Ѩķ졣֮ſڵ֪ЩҶ֪ʲôãΪŵĺû֧֣ǸŪô󶯾𣿡
ַһ㶣ԭϼһʲô֪
еͷβԪ
ԪԽԽУû뵽ôӣû뵽ı飡
Ԫ֮ȫʧ̬૵ĵܵģκ˱ңⲻܱҵģҺֵܣ
ַûб㣬Ҳûа취ŤתƣǮٳѾһУ滹֣ЩֲܹԿģҵõϢǧȷԣΪϲߣֻҪӳ̫ԭأնɽǮٳˣ
Ԫ·һࡣ
ߣߣƲڴµĻҵȥôܶºֵͬôҵļңҲǴҵļңѵҪĿű˴ݻҵļ԰𣿾Ҳߵģ
ַ֪ԪǲߵģֻǸЩϢԪǰ׼ӦԵĶԲ߶ѡ
Ԫ̰ˣַ϶ῴ˵ģ
ַİɣҺݼŹ

ҽԺ¥ָŴ磬ıǳ̹Ȼзǳһ㡣
ǿվԱߣڻ㱨һЩ飬㱨֮󣬸ǿû뵽ΰɱ⣬żһѶˡǵҲʮǸеϧ֪⵽û
һЦЦһǳᣬϸ۾Ļͻһһĵסǿ磬ûҪҪŵھʣһԶɽˡʣµЩĵӣϾɡ
ǲǼƻãȰˣźЩŵĵ»ȫصĶҵġ
ѾˣһЩйϵ𣿷ңҲźŵĶûаϵǽŵЩȫˣ߸žˡ
ǿǺ⡣ҪԸţҪСַݼˡ
֣ϵɫ˱䣬ַݼɱųɹźͶӣϴɽ÷һôˣһ򵥣Ǳŵˣ϶пɽǷǳĿɽ
ǿ˵鲻ʲôУȫ׷ɱַ磡ݲɿϢַ罫ǮٳǸˡȫȫ׷ɱַ磡滹ˣԣҾַǮٳǵϢӦġУͷҡɱȥɱַ磬Щɱȫˣ֡
ҵģΪŮ½ѩǡϴŮ޷ˣĻãݼǵİ壬ݼˣϲӰǵļƻǵӺܶࡣ
ַϸϡ
ǿһֻ㣬㿴ַ֮üͷɽţͷ壿ѧϰɼ죿๤Ǻǣǿ磬ôٵϢŪġ
ǿַģȥţͷи裬ǰŵ˿׼ӵһС͹ݾסѾ˶ˡ
˺þãַ֮ݼѡݼǵİ壡ݼһַ֣ǳ򵥣ڽҪͷôͻȻܳˣ̫ԭؾˣĳ¼𣿣
ǿˣ¼ϣǵ˲Թˣֻһͨ塣
ˣ϶һЩųΪ˰ɡȻΪһȫ˿϶򵥣ߺߣһҲ㣡
šǿַ㣡ֻҪץס㣬ַܿ磡
жʱ˰ץɼȥ
ǿַֻˣɼµĻȥȥͿ˰ɡ
ǻûгɹ֮ǰκ鶼Ҫַ紫еôסˣǺкô
ǿǡҲˣʧˣʲôʱš
㲻ɫĵأ
ǿԽԽãһֲ
㵭ЦЦжһٽţ



070 һж
ҽԺϰַ࣬Ͱ˳Ժ˳ȥ
ݼѾне߸㣬ǳɲݼַʵݡ
ݼףгڣַԲ£һֱַ£Ҫһһĥַ磬ַɳ
Ӿ͵˶ţҿĲ͹ݡ
ţ͹ݡĸַС
ûˡ
͹ݺСҪͣ˿һݣʵݱˡӣΪһ࣬Է˻Ǻܶġ
ţַ翴˶ţкſˡ
ӣţַ֮һߣ͵Ŀ񱼹ֱӺַ˸ܱ˿ĵĴЦţȫֿ֮֮顣
Ӱ̵ģ㻹ңûˣף·ǸʲôʲôʲôӵġǸƣӰҲ𡭡
ţĸأ
ˣǶȥˣһƲڼﻹҪչ⣬Ҫæˡ
ţû˵꣬һѽַƿȻһĵĶų㣬ĸĸôˣ
ţųͷıǿôһ·Ļ϶ϲǳˡ
沿ˣ˺ѣ˵˻ַæɽϲСĵˡ
쵰
ţͻȻŭַָΪСģôչ˲ĸģĸڲĸȻˣǲˣң˭ɵģеǮˣڻǮҪ
ѣѣˣţһɵ۸ˣ
ŭĶţַۿЩʪ
ģ˵˭ɵģ˭ǵҵֵܣַ粻˵Ҫ޵ӣţΪַ类۸ˡţݺݵַؿһȭ
ַûж㣬ҲûùƾһȭԼؿڣȻ˵ţһȭܴһͷǣǴַϣַֻǵ˼Ȼţûȫġ
ţַһȭæ˶˵м䡣
ţŭӣ㻹ǰʶķ۸㣬趼ʶ۸ˣ㾹Ȼ޿ġ
ոȥַˡ
Ǹ½ȥ˵ò㿴ô࣬㶯ֶŵģһĿ˶ˡַŶţЦ
ýȥ˵ͽȥ˵ȥˡλǣţŷһԵݼΪôƯԷģ·ģһֱվﲻߡ
Ŷţ˸ˣŮݼҾģҴСһ𳤴Ķţ
ţ磬áݼ΢΢һЦ
ݼһЦɰѶţĻ궼ҪˣţɵɵĿݼһȻַӰѽôͰôÿĹôƭֵġ
ȥġַ˶ţһš
ַ֮粢û߶ţţϾǸͨˣҲַõֵܣ˵˺þáַ֮ѳиţöţúչˡţڴӦ
ַ֮ݼˡؼҵ·ϣַӴ˸绰ӡ
ϴôˣʲôʱѧУֵǶء
ӣҪϴˣȻҲ֪ʲôݣӦһ
һǽϴɣҰ֮󣬿оûлˡ
ðɣڰСæֵ֮Ǳһ͹ݺˣҰѵַƬ㷢ȥ
õġ
ַ˶㡣ԣַŰȥַ֪ӵ¶֣
صҺСϻں˯أһҩѾ˯˼˻û
ַóһ䣬ǽǹذ׶װڣȻ˯Сϻҵıѣ˳ˡ
˾þƵſڡſڵıһʱ佫˿Ľ˽ȥֱӴ˵ҡ
ϴΣǺ񱻹䡣ַȤ˵
ݼɳϣԵַ㻹԰
ַ㿪QQתͷݼҿû档һŵٴѧģ߷飬͸ˣҳ˲ء
Ŷݼ㲻Ҫ˵⼸̫ԭصʽȫǸѸģ
ַЦЦԼжϵģֻôһġ
ǸѺܲȷ仯ܶ࣬ΪʦһԳʦˣ
ַƲƲ죬ҿѣʲôʱʦˣΪСŮ𣿡
УһûȫϿأƷв
ɶôʵˣһǴأ˵Ʒвַ粻ˣ
ݼĵǰǸհ¾ӵʱ򣬰ҹ͵͵ĿЩƬΪҲ֪𣿣
Ҳ
ַˢһºˣݼ㡭͵ң
ûݼæֻǹ壬ȣ԰й۲㣬û뵽
ݼһɸֵӣַץˡ
ݼˣȥϢȻصԾҪܣһ̲ˡ
㲻˵Ҫ𣿿ĺӣƤ污ݼҡͷ̾
һ죬ַݼæĲɿÿһʱ䣬оľԶĴ˾Ͱио·ֳֳ֮󣬻ῴֳɱ
һյϢͻᰵе飬ǿĽͬС죬϶һЩͨɵɱĵз߶һЩµˣ֮ǰЩ˶֮󼪡ַݼץסʣЩ˶һҧš
ȫشɱֻƾ輸ǽ˵ģַݼһеķȴֹˣһͨ˵Ѫַֻ̾
һжˣַܽݼ޷ֿģſ˶ţŴӿʼڣһֱǱģһδεĴѹһδεɱֻѡءַݼţȴûŤתǬ
ϣյһϢĿࡣΪԪеȫܲĲҵ֮£Ѿû˸֣µ˷ԣɱһʱ䣬ҵƵڶɱʮˣЩ˶ͨˣ
ַӵϢʱֱǲˣ趼ǲˣ֮Ķôͨˣ
ݼεĵĶЩС죬Щ˱ʲôˣ˾ˣµġοҿܶϡеϴƣٵһҲǧˣôôˣ࣡Ϊ̫ԭرϾ̫Сˡ
ַˣҲףǲɱ顣Ȼ˵ɱͨЩ֮ĻսҲԼ˵ģʱЩĳЩֻΪЩƨˡ
ַ̾˿Ǯٳˣ̫ԭôңˣе¶ȥܣʱ򣬲ܷ¶ûϵʱȵĻ᳤
ݼЦû淨Ǯٳû˵Ļÿ춼æߣ᳤ķ붼ͶˣʾÿеϴƣеҲϴƣƴ˿϶ҲҪѡĳһվԶˣ϶û£Ӯˣôʲô˵վˣʱˣôʲô߰ĳ¶ᶶʲôܻ߰ɱ˰ƶȰ°˲ϱȵȣ̫ˣִˣ϶Ҫԣе˾ͱ߽ɢĳУֱɱԣǮٳֱļƻַˣʲôˣκ鶼޹أǮٳֻҪʰоֱɣ


071 ŵĵ
ַͻȻһָоԼʼնǱǣűߣ̫ˣʲô£ǱԼԼƱˣԼˣԼȥȥжϣ̫ˣԼĻͲᱻ˰ˣ˲裬ǮٳǻԼ𣿣
̫ˣ̫ˣ
ַоͷһңʶݼڲһ£ԴԼ֮󣬷˶£Щ£ǰ붼ûѵݼ˵ģ̤磬Զ˳𣿣
ַ翪ʼʱֻЩ¶ѣԼȥ£˿϶ԼֻҪԼװͨˣݼһԼѧݼһ˿ľͺáǣ磬㲻ȥǱˣ˾ȥ㣡
йݼԼ϶ÿѧ󣬶ڴʱɡôԼҲһĬĬŵˣһӶȹûݼҲ϶ˣûĻҲȥɱɱ
鷳һһһ£ȻǻԵŵ£ַȻȥҲ֪ʲôĵˣǽ֮Ҫɱųɹɹɹһ¡ɱųɹҪǮٳǵ׷ɱҪ·Լ·ô죿
ַͷʹӣ϶ܲǮٳǵģ
ϰ˵㣬Ԫ֪ͨݼַμڴᡣ
ַݼַ֮翴ǰΣֱˡ
Ԫֵλ֮ϣİưֲ֤ʵݣҪȻַ϶ΪһǸ˵ġ
Ԫˣɢվһг̵ģģֻģжﶷġٿЩ˵ĴţװĵģгʦģдУѧһֵĴ壬һһ򡭡
ַԱߵһ͵ĸ߸ӵļһѣʵǣеģ
ά޵İأ
ַѧΪʲôǹʱûл·
λҲεĵʮ飬Ǿ͸Ͻܻˣиһгأɻɻˣڳˣ
Щ˶Ǹַ֣Ŀ⡰ɨ衱ַȷˣһٶˣжʮѾﵽ弶ϣȻʮżʮ˼ȷǸ֣
ַ罫ݼһƧ֤֮˵ֻ˲
ַݼôо˲гһҺģ㿴Ǹˣԣ۱ʺǸˣ찡ǸԣǸﻹһ̣ҵ񰡡
ݼַĻַ硣Ҫ֪ǹҽƻġÿһ̥ʱһʱžͻжӤǷȻƽӤЩõ˼ҵĺӿ϶ȱˣȻˣŲֻйϵ𣿷̫ԭأĸ˼ûмԣǰҿЩ˲սˣ
ԪʼˣλֵǡźŵĶѾǫ̈̄棬ŴҲˣЩҲˣڣŴĴֲȻʧ˺ֵܶܣǣҪ֪Щ˲ڵĸŵĸֵҲᶯǵĸǣֵǣβͬˣҵĵ飬ѾŹᣬ⼸֮ڽһٴݻţǣţֵڣǵıóѣǲŵŵҫֻҪֵڣžڣһҪǴ仨ˮҪǣǾԶʧ
ԪĻƵҲֹͣˣ̵ʲôʱҲֱֻ֪ӹػˣһûˣǳĿԪ
Ԫ˵һЩɿĻʱһ˳ȻǵЩҵ׵ܵһչмӣҶҵļ˾ԼһԸŹ
һǰһһѧЩѧѺѶ֧ģȻЩ㣡Դ֮˵ĵСҾûаְ֣ҵװְһǵСʱ򣬲μӼҳᣬͬѧЦûְ֣ˣ˵ҵİְ֣ӴˣҲûЦˣŹ
ֵСҾͺĸΪʲô˶ǸɵӣԴ֮Ҳû˸ˣ˭ңҾʹ趼ʶǸЩһֱɱ˱ȽϱѧܶණҲֻɱﻹһĸɱǮ޷ĸףصظǮģÿ꣬ȥҼҿĸס
ҷϻ˵Ǿ͸ֵһûŹѹǣЩ˴Ҫ⣬ÿ¶ڵǮʮˣҾͳ֣ڶǮ㿴ô֣ǵĳӣǵˣûǣ˵Ϊʲôѵ𣿲ǣΪղ˵ģŵĸǿˣžˣֻҪڣԶ̫ԭأ
һ˶˵ԼĹ¡
ʼ˵ʱַǼ˿϶жΪ˼Щ˵ʿÿ˶˵ĻǾ֤Щģ
ַ翪ʼЩԪˣݼ벻Ԫһ֣Щ˶ԪĸֻҪԪһЩЩ˻ԥȥ
ݼĿ֮ҲǳͣԪòˣƭˣ˼һܱģ㿴ЩˣԪ˵绰˵ᣬ·ͽˣ
ַҲ̾˰һΪЩں֮أû뵽ȫǸ֣ŵĸӥɱԪûжЩˣ⼸ŵĵɱ˷ŻԪ̣ûжЩˣԪһֱڱʵһֱ̣͵žս
ݼҲ̾һʼʱҲ룬ŶδɱŵˣһֱûоٶһΪԪŪܾˣԲԭزЩˣϵĵ֮дûУҶ֪ԭԪһֱı󶯣и߰
ڣΪҽλѡݼС㣬ַλǰ
ַݼߵǰȥ˵Ŀⶼ˵ϡ
λݼСŵĹʮ꣬Ѿڸ֣ŴҶжšԱߵλأҲʮ꣬Ƕ칫ʦַ
ʮꣿڸ֣һĸ֣ʮꣿôԺķչռ󣿶칫᣿ʦ칫˶֧ǣǻʲô
˵ĿȵĿˣŰһЩΪԼٶȿǣ˺󣬶Լ޵ˡ
ַݼĴڣЩƴĴ
֮Ԫ˽ЩȫھƵꡣ
ַݼ˻صŸսţҽžܹˣݼС㣬Щѧ̡
ֵַܰҶóݰôС;ͳɴʦˣСһֱûʲôɾͣʦָһ
ܿ죬¥ΧˮйͨЩ˿ӣĭɽ⡭


072 ǿ߳
˷˾ţ֮ŽЩ˴ߺ˶оȴսҹۡ
ݼһˮΪŵĵλһλʦݵλ֮ϣЩȫ˼ǵݣ̣ЩҰһ˻˵໰ֻ˵һǾԪЩǰڼӣ͵һԴû뵽ϻһֶֹΣ
ݼǸ磬˵ĵȼ̫ϸˣȽڸֹ̫ˣ˻ʵۿ϶Ҫ򰡣˳һҪµĵӣҪ˵ܴǽЩȫ߸ݼĹ۵㣡
ַûԪһõĹߣһϸЩҲǺϸĵӣϸսʿҲֻսʿܳΪ쵼ߺָߣ
Ŷݼ룬Ŀַָ̡
ַ翪ʼɪˣڻˣǸİ
Ŵ֮ҪߵĻͻ֮ڵĵ֮ѡΣƾŹϵͿԳΪ쵼ߣ쵼߲ӹµ֮ͽţЩ˶쵼ߵӣ֮ѡһ쵼߳žͲԶˣԺϸ쵼߾ͱһ;ȥѡΡѡһͨ쵼߶С
ݼôȥڣһͨ˹߸޻̸֮
ַڣǱ£ݣһӹµ֮쵼ߣұϷ㣬ȴʲôãǸͨ˻ߣа취·ģķڷ²Żģʱʱڣǧʿĸ˵Ľ춼ķڷǡ
ַ˶٣ֵԪֶֹãֻܹһЩСɶѣҲעԪһֻܴ̫ԭСطԪҰĲֻ״ֻһݰȶѣɣڶ࣬϶ҪӦŹʹֶԼһˣһ˶г˵һ޹أǿ϶еģ
ʵҲʲô˶֪ݼǴԽģӳиҵ崫Уɴе˼뻹һʱתѡ
ڶ죬綼ôƽ̫ԭسûзһܶŹ¼ƽ˾ŵ˺һʧӰ١еһɢˡ
Խŵ˾ԽţӿֻǱ֮ǰ
ݼװˣ֪飬ûеϢַɳϣпһƻʾϢݼ
ݼ˫ַۣ磬ĵǰҴû¹һٴΣգٶĿѣҶܳŹŲҲΪһɱ֣ڳΪɱֵһ̣Ҫñɱ׼
硭
ݼͻȻĿַ磬֮Щİˣ磬ЩģЩŲµĶ˵ʵҲšҲ֪ܲܶһ١
ַ߹ȥݼߣ˫֣ĬĬץסݼ֣ݼûµģܷʲôҶ߱㡣Ѿ칫Ǵ绰ˣϻġУҸʦҲ绰ˣİɣûµġ
ݼͻȻ˫֣ıסַ磬磬ЩллңллҴʹã֮߳ѾӦ磬ӦߵˣӦһУҴӦ㣬һһֱߵġ
ַ籾ͱһŪĴֲַγݼĶÿζݼһ٣ݼסˣǲ֪ˡ
ַŽĽݼڻĵĵݼллŶԡҶİ飬ôƯ͸ҵһúϧġ
ݼһůһѽַƿһӱһιСӣ˵һûʽӦŮأ㻹ûϸءʲôʱܴңбҴʱȻӦģúõŬɡ
ŮģǺ밡

ϼ̫ԭ˺ױ۵ĺ죬ЩѪȵĺ졣
٣þƵŵƽַǷﲻ
ӭС㣬Աÿ˵϶ְҵԵЦݣкſˣһǿЩһ˿ߵľ⡣
˿̣ţ͹ݿﲻʱ䣬Щ򹤵˳Էʱ䡣ţͳкſˣЦǳĿġ
ʱĸװĵ߽˶ţ͹ݡ
Ϊ׵ȡ±ϵī¶һ˫˫ۣĿɨһȦȻݺݵڶţͳϡ
ţˣӮ˹ȥ
ƬϾˣȫץ
˳һѳĿ˿ԣһɢ
ǽһֻͷԷԱߵ޹ضѡ
ţɫһ䣬ˣǺһȭΪ׵˵ؿϡ˿ţǸͨˣֻһ׳ʵһ㣬һȭôģο˵Ҫģ˺ץˣҲûж㡣
֪ţһȭܴһֻǵģöţ˵ǣȭܴһֻϻ
ݺݵһȭֱӱڵأؿڣһѪ
ĸܣţ𣬿ǺһһڶţĶϣţͱ߷ɣţ屻һԷСӽסˡ
ллָ磬߰ɣΣաţסСϴĻʹ
סţӡӵţַ֣£Լˣ
ţһ㶣ûӦֻһֻĵӰ˳ȥȫز
µµ
ͻȻڷﱬըֳһƬ
жӼæתɢӺͳߵ
ţסⶾģŲĸߣǻˡ
ָ磬ҪСˡţôһӦĹ
ţųӣ˺ţ˳ȥ
ӵĹһоɱĸˣ߸ҲӾ˳һһ
ӣѾĵȫնɱ
ЩŽӵץһͨŮףôһ֣
ţųֵܳһ⳵Ҫϳ֮һԶ⳵ţͳͷϸȥ
˾һҽУѪȻѾ
ĸ
ţ붼û룬æԼǿ׳һײ˹ȥ
ţҪײ㣡ţͻᱻѹ飡
ǵţײʱ򣬶ţͻȻоԼ屻һȵվԭأһ
״
ţԼ޷ŵһĻ
֣ʳָѹĳ⳵ôһ㣬⳵ֱӷԶĸѹ˹ȥ
ĸ˷׷׳ӺƬǸ˾Ѿһࡣ
ܵĹ·˾Ӵܡ
ĸţȫڷĿų㣬ȫǾ֡
ţ£вĸڣµġ
Ļ䣬ѾˣţԶһĲҽС
ţ˳˹ȥֻԶʮ˶ѾĿΣÿ˶Ǻϡ
˿̣ţĳǿҲܲסˡ
ΣȻţһ˹ȥ
㵽ʲôˣһ֮ǰ˳һ䡣
㵭ĵѣԸΪҳգԸΪ
ʮǰ£¡
Ļû˵Ѿȥ


073 
ҹʮһ㣬˶Ѿ磬Ľֵ֮ϣֻӰ
΢磬С꣬һļڣСѹ˷ĳһƬʪ
þƵ꣬Ԫ٣Ľ磬ǶѾϯ
֣ʱӪҵʱΣƵͻȻֹͣӪҵһЩס޵Ҳ֣ԤƵĵ绰Ҳռߡ
Ƶڳ˰̨֮⣬һˣƵĹԱ쿪ʼѾȫ׼ż٣ȻЩ˶֣ĺúõģҪż٣ȫż٣쵼쵼Ҳʾ˼˭˼˭֪
þƵңɼ˵Ĵ֮ڣ˶ȫ䱸š׷Ԫߣݼַ硣ҲߵɳϣȲ졣
Ͽ˶˵շǳ֣Щ˵ѹ֡
ϵ磬źûһǰƽԤʾҹ١ǵ˹ŵźţȻ˹Ż׼Ǿ͸ӵԤʾţаٷ֮ٵİնԸţ
ԪµЩ߲뵽ôԶǴ˿ԪַݼжѾµ߰˰ˡ

ǱһСϪߣ˿ϰڴ˼ᡣ
վ˵ǰ棬һ½ΰ£һͷ߸ߵһս̬վǸǿұߣվҽ˿̵ҽҲװģȣȫҽԺǸ۾ҽȫͬˡԱ߻һˣŵԶɽ
ԸǿС˶𣿡
ˣֻȥ׽ͶţЩûл³ˡ
ɫЩÿ󵭵ĵˣӰǵļƻ
͸ǿ̸֮װ˵ŴҲ֪źһһе¶˶ģĺҰĲǴ̫ԭɵƽ⣡ɱŵĸﺣɱԶɽĶ࣡ţɱŵĹݣǸĺ⣬ȻеʵĵӣϵĵȫɱҸӲ̵Ļں棬ûĵһʱȫɱⶼŸɵģѾԱߵλŵԶɽű𣬰ĻҵΪУԶɽ˿̵ǳĳʹҹǰţԸ⽻еĲҵźݿɿϢһĿţŴҶ֪Щһֱûкκйͻһֱ̫ԭصĺƽڣҰĲ뾡ǧټƵĶԸţ˵ЩҰĵˣǸòɱ
ɱ˶ܾ黹кܶ鲻ףЩ첻һֱԸ𣿣
⼸죬Ѿɳ˲̶ֵԸţЩҲЩûа취ҡŵĸϣˣ˵˵ɵĶʵ
ԶɽǰݺĵŲ˰
һ仰Ϳˣ˶ȻˣҲ̫˰ɣܰһһ֮Ƴӣ
Զɽµĵ˵ʵ飡Ѿｫе˶ϾɱˣҲǱ׷ɱ˰£ƴ˹Űæϵ˶ûкáҶʮ꣬ӵĸЩòװ󣬿ȴŵɱˡǵĸֱӱԪǵĹͶʮӢӱɱλҪΪ
˵ţԶɽȻأͷһҪΪһҪΪ
ҴӦΪˡ㼱æǰԶɽ
˸ŭ죬̫ˡ
ǰŶԸţû뵽ںԸţ
ֵܣ˼ŶˣԶ׼
ֱžˣ˵ô
ǿŵĿ

ҰʱֵǿˣŴҶ֪̫ԭɵ൱ΪʲôܰŴ֮ңһŵЩ֧ţȻи֣ǺŵĶѾԪˣξһٽܲ䲻⣬䲻һ򾡣һΪű𣡶ŵĲ̺ͰԵۣӴԺžͳһ̫ԭأûģ
У
ںĶǰһ仰ͳһ̫ԭأͳһ̫ԭصĻôԵôЩǵݵλ˼ȼпܳΪԺԪϼ
ڵӼ飬ǿǳĵ˵ͷ
ˣҴӦˡͻȻһͻأĴ˵Ķڡ˶תһȥ
һİˣˣվһ֮£ǿŹһ㣬Ե÷ǳļž
˵һ䣬ȻԶȥ״æ˹ȥ
һƧ֮ڵ㡣
ڡˣ¹й֮
ɡʱ˲Żתһŷǳ󻬵ףƤӤһϸ壬ʮ߰һ㣬Ӣʣǵվ˵ǰ֮ʱͻоһϢȫûָ֮
˵еҶ˽ĲˡȷʵЩˣµĹءȻҴӦ֡ʱѹţǲֵġ˵ģԷĸֳ棬ҲŻģȻͷӶˣǱϾǶǽֵܰû뵽Щˣֳİ
ڲģŻ֮󣬾ͳһ̫ԭأҲԸ
ղЩϷǸڿģ
˳һλڵԸǵԸҺദһ쵼쵼ҹһʦ˼ҵһҹһʱţʱתʷӵĴЩŤתģʱǨϸͷӻŵĻҲ뵽ľ氡˰ˡ
ڣжƼܣ
˵ˣȥɣҵʱȥġ


074 ݼˡ
ܲԪֻͻȻˣ˶Ŀ⿴Ԫ
绰ﴫһٵˣһС
˻û˵ֻ꣬һҽУû
Ԫ˵绰Ȼɳϵ˵׼սţ
ַЩţƫͷ˿ԪұߵݼֻݼɫƽҲתͷַ˵ͷ
Ĵűһ߿ʬ˽صˤ˱ĵϡһȺһŮӵĴ·ӿ
ԪŮӺɫķǳѿ󿴵ԱߵԶɽиŭաȻЦţţһжŸĹ
ַĿ˵һһɨ㣬ڸ֡ǿ֡ⲻҽԺǸҽô֣ôһַַ֣ǳõԤУԤзǳǿңַȻй֮ԵǶӡһֱһֱΪֻһͨˣûпԵעڲ֪ԶԶŵĸ߲㣡
Űڶʮ׿ԪţĵʮٳźŸףˡ
̧
Ż䣬һںĹײı̧˽䡱һ˴м䡣
˿⡰֮ŭ˼㣡
㣡ʲô˼Ԫŭţ㶨ٸߣʱ˿Ҳܲˡ
ƵЦʲô˼أѵΪҸףˣ
Ԫŭɶǳ£ҲǹȻ壡Ҵ٣㾹Ȼ̫һڹײŽŲݣ
ԪͿڹײѾǸˣѾţȫµĹزˣ죬ҪΪ̫ԭز
ԪŶ£㣡ѪˣŶΰɱŸִ֣ɱܲѵ̫ԭһ죬ûǸ£
ʱԶɽŭԪ˵˵źŵһϵûУɱҸﺣɱҶ࣡ɱǹݺеĸ֣ǾŵЩֻһ˶ɱĸɸɾһ̫ˣҵţΪֹҪΪҶΪȥֵܺ͵Ǳ𣡾ԶɽҲҪ𣡣
ַ羪̾ģ̫޳˰ɣں˵İѱ˵ɺ˵ˣ㻹ҲȥƱ磡
ԪĿ˷ˣŭָԶɽ̲סˣԶɽĺ˵˵ߵڰף˰ɱҵˣڳҵ˰ɱ˿Ԫɽ㣬ǲɱǺӥ
Զɽӥصһɱɱģ˵ҵɱģ˭֪ӥʲôˣڹͷϻҵɵʣһˣ㻹Ҫ߼޻ң̫ˣ
㡭Ԫѹסеŭ㣬㰲ﺣɱŹݼд£
ʲôԶɽһ·ŭߵڰף㡭ﺣǱŵݼɱˣ˭֪ﺣµĴֶˣǵ˴ɱǵˣݼڲǺúõվĺ𣿺οµĵصŵĵطǵ˴ǵĵ̣ﺣȥ飬ﺣݼɱˣѪһʵ
Ԫ챻ˣĻľãѪˣãһԶɽ㣬ǰ죬ݴɱ⣬д£
ԶɽȻУɱǸﺣѵҲҲĻôֵǽݴɱˣǳĽƻΣȻҾͽݴϵĵΧɱ⣡Щһȥ˶ʧˣûκϢ϶ǵ壡ȫˣǵ˽ɢڸҵ֮еĵȫɱһʣԪ涾
Զɽ쳣ʹ࣬ŭԪĿɱ֮һ㣡
ڣ˶ԶɽĻϾ˼ŶˣǸʵأھͿˣʣµʵûʲôˡ
֮Ѿˡ
ԪߺޱȵĺԶɽ涾汰ɣϷһеǷǸԴƵţ
ԶɽҶ˵һжʵѣҵĶҲŵݼַɱˣɱٶˣĳҲʽֻôһӣҵĶȴɱˡ
Զɽ˵˵ţͻȻݺᡭ
Ϊֹѣ뵱꣬ɵĿʦͬһˣʦѵɱദɶദˣžͻȻ֮£ôֻΪʦŻ
ȫЦⳡϷ̫ÿˣԼٿصһУ۰̫ԭأԼĻȴ׳֣ģţָо̫ˣ̫ˬˣֻһ̫ԭؾͳΪŵˣ
ڿϷⳡϷȫݵģе˶еӣаٷ֮ٵģһὫŹƣϷݵԽ֣Խ˷ܡ
㽫еȫƸԪĿľԪĵǿԪġʵĿԪʿ
ԪԷƣĸ֣ԼһֻԼδµӣԼⷽʮˣԷһٶԷԼߵô򣿶·һ
ԪĬĬҡҡͷûнʲôͦأԼĵǴֵǣŲң
ţȵ
е鶼ǵǵģŲţ
ţ
ֵǣϣҪžһս˭˳㣬ҲΪֵܵģ
Ź
ǲߣ
ǶɽǶẴţ
ţ
ţ

뺰죡ǿĵˣûȴûܣû˺£ÿ˵ֻһţ
еƳ죬ǰϵȫѹȥֻҪһ£˶һģԥĳȥɱһ
ããáԪҪʱͻȻоһȫţһѪĿ˳
ݼ˫ذףаЦţȻ͵Ľذװ˳һݺݵĴȥ
㡭Ԫָ̧֣ݼ˵ʲôʼû˵ȥһ˲䣬˫֮ȫԻ󣬲š
˶ˣֳžš
еĵΧ˹ȥԪΧһţѾˡ
ģġַ翴ЦаݼƲסԼȥһֱ˵ǽǣȫ̲ס
㺦Ҫɱ㣡еĵӷһݼɱ˹ȥ
ݼһ˿ʹãȻ㲻ƾе˵ĵԼϣ
ַ緢ƵļţַҪȥͻȻһıըַĶ֮ǰһ˸ǿĳһݰַԺܣַĵһӦһѪȵζӭʺѪҺַȫʬɡ
ַ类ǿĳɣ˳ǽǻʮײסΡҺԪһַ̣ܵ˴ˣûһΧȥҪȻ˿̵ַ϶ˣ
ըݼΪģΧݼȫΪѪģƬŽˣһӾһ룬ըıըһ߰ӣƽĵ汻ըһľ޴ѿڣ
Һը治
ŵʣµˣȫˡ
Ǹˣʣµȫɱַָָ硣
ģʣµʮˣһٶذΧȥһӵʱ䣬նɱ
ЦţԼԤϵĽһһһ䣬е˶ˣ
ݼݼַͣĿɢһľżһ㣬صѪ⣬֪ݼѾһ֣ҪȥɱûУ
ݼôŵˣôᱳţΪʲôѡĽ֣
ݼ㲻Ů㲻ϲ𣿡
ݼ㲻˵Ҫ޸𣡡
ݼΪʲôҪôΪʲôҪѡ
Ϊʲô
ΪʲôҪһˣ
ַ˫֮ȪӿıѪɫ
ַԺһζεĻ档
磬һӶߵġ
磬ǲҪҵǸˣݼԶΪͣ
ߣһľдӦŮأܴ˵
Ϊһߣͻһ·ʱжĿܣҪǺˣҪʱڣˡ
ַڵϣĿɢݼΪʲôΪʲô
ݼ
ĺúڡ
ģʲôޣݣΪʲôˣô䣬궼ˣŵҸϽˣַԺ
ݼˣҲˡ
еϢòɵĲȥµĲ˾ˣһͺˣ
ַ粢ûὣ飬˿ֻ̣ʹֻ࣡Ի
ַ粻ӦԼо˿̵ַѾĻ䣬Ѿ˻ŵϣݣô죿
裿ַԼ衣ǰô죡ҲҲݼˡ
ģˣûмˣ㣬ݼˣݼɲǼҾֻ꣡Ҫһõ壬ͻḴˣǸ壬ȫϣͷһˣϴҾɱˣֲã㿴ɣװ׵˷ô
УݼƾҲƲãͷˣֻܻʮˣƾÿη쳣ʹ࣡Щ㣬㵣ġ
ֲݼĴǾȫΣʲôãԭǿԼѹƷʹ࡭
ֲݼô̵ʱڣһпվͽѧϰ֪ʶҾ÷ԭݼ֪Լʱ䲻ˣһж̸ҡ
ַĺúڡ
˵ģ
Ҿħƭ𣿡
ַ۾һģ㲻˵


075 
ַɣ㿴űʹַЦţһŮ˶ѣ˴ɷµģ㻹ǽڰ˳ɡ
ַ罫Ѫ߰ߵ׳һߡǽǰ˼
Ϊʲôɱң
㵭ĵ㵽ʲôˣ󵽵ʲô˵һãͻŹ㡣
ַûлش𣬶ǵݼûйϵ
ЦʲôݣҾ͸㡣ǻΪѡ
ã
ղ鷢չ̫ͻأַûϸķݼݼذɱԪʱɫǳĲԾ
ַ˵ԼɣԷ϶ţֻаѶ칫Ĺ֤˳Ƕ칫ġ
ʦ̲סѿڶ֪ʱ̣ԷûбҪóһ֤ƭԼҶ칫ӡ¶һ󷨣α첻ġһٵĸһ
ʦͨߵУǿǶҵ֮ж˵Ĵ˶ŵĿַ磬һʮĴʦ찡Ҳ̫ˣû˸˵֤Ǽٵģ
ЩÿеĺܶһӶ⿪ˣԭǶ칫ĴʦʧʧֲﺣȥɱǣҲȫûַŮѵҷǳıǸʵһֱŵˣֻԵ׶ѡ
Ǻε˼Ĵ϶Ҫ뾡ǧټƵȥύĿǰΣԼɱŮѣݼ֮ĸ鲻һĺã˵ʵ飬ֻɱһ;ˣ̫ˡ
ַŭ˵
ûк˵ݼСʶû°ɣ
ô
ĵϸ֪𣿡
ַ룬ҡҡͷǵģûݼĵϸʲô֪֪ǣݼǴԽģЩ˵
˵ͷͶˣǰе϶ˣǲȥԵףռϣŵͬھⶼǰźõġһ㶼ˡ
ַͷ
㿴ַͷΪַͬԼ˵ԣʼҲ˵ɷµģҪΪһŮ˹ϣݼеĸ鶼ǼٵģĿģΪ˽ӽ㣬ͨ㣬и̫ԭվסšȻأһͻ飬ȻļţĴڣΪݼݣȫỳݼǵģϴԶɽﺣȥɱģȫﺣź˳ͻǰƽǻʱܵĽɱҲɵġⶼûйϵѾôˣڣûʲôɵ˰ɣ
ԼķַҲǳŮ˵˼ܣǣô벻ַһ飡֤ݼǴһ紩ԽġûнĴڣַҲĻȻݼʶʱ䲻ַ˽ݼһʲôˣûлɹݼÿһ仰
ַɬЦţã㡣ôڸңݼ򡣲Ҫͼƭңݼڱը֮䣬ûκεףҲ˵ݼùԱģȻûǸʵ
ѾˣҲûбҪƭ㡣ʵ顣
ʱʵݼֲһ΢ըĵ֮ڣźŵսһʼǾͽһжƻˡеļƻҲеķǳ˳Ѿ˳ţͳһ̫ԭء
ַͻȻЦըǲҵһνݼ͵ҽԺʱֲİɣ
ַó֮⣬ݼһֱַһûлӴݼ
ȻǣֲˣǵʱûǮסԺݼǵˣҿ϶Ϊǵġ
ѣַŭݼղŴɱԪô£ݼͲȥɱԪģΪǺԪĻ̫ˣݼɱԪĻ֮Ѿɱˣɱ֮󻹿ԲΪ˲죬ϢֻܵһܣôǣݼղɱԪ֮ǰǿݼʶݼȥɱԪȻŵ˶ΧԪߣȻݼڵըǿݼʶģһҩ˽ҩҩܿ˵ʶݼǼƻ֮еһ壡źվսʱҪã
ַƶȫȷǵﺣʱ˵һܣŴ˽һҩû˵꣬ͱɱˣϵжϣһ쳣ٶַѾһƶ˳
ַ翴㡢ǿԶɽ˵ɫˣ˶һãӣַѾǳ϶Լжȫȷ
ַŭϷݵʲôʱȫѣеһжŲ߻ľıһֱ̫ԭأҲµûĻԶɽͱǿˣԶɽһһεĶԸţŴʹҴ̵֣
ãܺãͻȻֽкãû뵽㲻һţҷǳΪ̫ԭֻˣû뵽ᣬȻ˼άôݡ
ַЦм鲻ףҵһݼȥҽԺʱǸʱ˻ԣ϶ǸʱǰҩըֲڵģǸʱǲ֪ݼݣݼǸʱûмţ⵽Ϊʲô
˻֣ʾ˵
̫ԭص˶֪̫ԭصҽƻŵĲҵôҽԺƵߣֻҪǴסģǶֲ΢ըһ͵ĸըעѪҺ֮жԣų⣡ҽԺϣרҵȻѷ֡ҲӦȻûʲôüֵôըһӶڣᱬը˺˹ϵôܺúõһˡ
ֿʶҩһע˵ѪҺ֮У϶Ϊһȫ˭Ҳ޷֣ҩֳ룬ֻҪǽҩע壬ʲôʱĻô˵ʶһ̾ͻᱻǿƣǵֱӽǱʶķӣȻҩֻܿ쾳֮µĸ֣
ݼҽԺʱҷһλ֣ںǽ̸ʱҲ˽⵽ʧһ㣬Щ⣡һʮ֣֮еţǸǸصĸ֣ԣʾ͸ݼҺƿעҩôԺ󣬲ָָǵһǺû뵽ŵĹǣݼƻУǰų˰壡ըҩҲӦеã
˵ˣ˵ķǳϸַҧгݣѽѣŭţҸǣݼֻһ֪Ǻ׼Űɣ
治ɫѵݼݴĿ£æݼǵˣǧȷҵҪĿУݼʲôݣ
ַǾǣݼǡַͣһ£˶쳤䡣ַͻȻһӿƲסԼţݼҵŮѣҵŮˣҪᣡ
𣿡
Щмĵַ磡ղŲɱ㣬Щûн⿪ڣе鶼ˣȻǶ칫ˣǲ𣡵ǣ㲻Ҫˣڴ˿ֻ̣һˣ㣬ȫ׷ɱĶǲץ㣬׷ɱ㣡Ҫɱ㣬˵涼ˣҪ㣡ٴݣҲһߣųɹźͶҲɱųɹıһص֯ڿνǰܵУڣɱ㣬Ҳû˻׷ģʱֻҪʬ͸ˣ˵һõٺôأأַ磬ҿһţôС;ѾһλʦԺǰ;ҸһĻᣬǾǼţұ֤Աǰǣעǵһֻҩ
Σлʣһ֧ʶҩֻҪһλʦôԺԼɵķչŲɹƵã
ַ粻мĳЦңүܿƵŽҪŶ֪źţһŵľţ
˵Ǯٳǰɣԭʲô֪Ǻǣ㲻òģǵ֮ڣ
ôȥɣ
ַ˵ţͻȻһǹһƯɫСǹǹ׼㡣


076 ɱ
㿴ַеǹЦַ磬һǹԸͨ˻ԣԸµ߻еãǶԸ֣ǿЦַ磬һλᣬǣҪȻ죬ֻһ
ַЦ㣡ѵûеõϢǮٳһרɱֵġǹ𣿡
ʲôǹһӵֵǧıǹ
ɫڱһƬɷףûǹСط϶Ǽָ߼ġ֪ǹ׷ٹܣһôеٶܿǵɨٶȣĹֵܳľ磡ҪȻе߾ͻ˲һȫʧСʱ֮ſԻָ
ַЩɵ촽ЦֻҪҿ°㣡ұ֤ʮ֮Ҫ
ַĻַǹߵ˭˭ùַȫʮ֮ɱ㣡
֮ЩֵĵǮٳǵǹôУ
ַЦЦ׳հ϶͸õģΪĻץǸҿǴʦ֪ʲôǴʦԪڵĸּҲҪģʲôǻҪɱҰ͸飿ǰɱ˽ҵѣ˵ǵĺʲôүǣǾǡѰ·
ɫ仯ͣ˼˵ѽ
ַЦûҵǽ𣡾ǵļƻôܣĶô׼󣬶·һǹζɣ
ַҪ۶ֻԶɽһĳ˹
ַԭĿ㣬ԪɽͻȻϮַ绻Ŀ꣡Щ϶ݵģҲԶɽĵơ
ַ۶֮һɫӵǹԶɽȥԶɽһ֣ڿתǶӵȥӵ۾һ㣬Բ˼ĽǶת䣬ٵԶɽıĴȥԶɽĽŸأ͸оһȻڵĹٵţһ̱ڵأɫʮֵѿڵ˾ûã֮ʧȥһƷز
һգ۵ʱýһ֣˿һĻԾȥ
ŵزԶɽʹ˸ɫǰһԶɽؿڡ
㡭Զɽһ
ɱһϣСӣһ£һ㶣Ȼǰͺ̵ĳȥ
ڻңȲڰǿڻ㣬ſڵĵطȥ
Ȼַǹǹصǹôһϣ˶ܽնɱ
ɣַγǽǹֳֵһλսһ㶦أ
ַսȻһ֮ս
תۼ䣬ͳ˶ʮˣɱ죬ַĿɨˣЩ˵ļȫ弶¡
ǽַ֣Ǿż֣ԸЩСϺף϶òʹǿļܡЩ˵ٶַ･ıÿ˵Ķһ㡣
һ˵ǿľǳģǸ֣֮Ҳֻжܵķݣôɱһˣ˺һضܽԷˣ
ǣԼѾʮʱԷӰȴͻȻʧԭأֻʺһֻ˳ûнȻһڣҲû֪
ǽڵһ˵ĲĨ˹ȥַ̤ǲȺ֮Уܿ죬ڶ
ǽ֮Ѫɽûһ˽гһĬĬȥ

ַɱʮ˸֮󣬸оһǿΣдַ꣬ɱ֮ʣʮַĺ棬ʩչǿļܣȻһٽַĨɱ
䣡
ַȻжϳЩ˵Ĺʮͬʱʩչܣε֮鼱֮£ַ绤סһʵʵĽַɡ
ԶַӵϷоһʹ
ַմʮѽѾַк˸ַ紭Ϣʱ䣡
ɱռ䡣ʮˣ߼ҵˡַնɱ߸֮һɱĸ֮󣬱һ
ַ֪ЩѵأԾڵѵϣһԸԼˣڶ߲ˣЩ˶ϳһֱõսΣؼ汸˵Ϣֱַ磬ַޱȵѹȸУ
ַйǲзĹ켼ܣǵ̫ˣʮ˵Ϣͬʱһ˵ʱַоĪѹȣͺһεһסַľĪĸоǳѹ֣˵
ͺʷϼأϹʱڣһǿȥɱʨ˾ǰϣǿ߻֮һɽٻ֮䷭ǾôһǿߣҪɱ֮ʱʨָӹٷһ˶ǿ𣬶ʱΪ֮ҡ˵ͬʱǿߣǿѪȻȥ
ʱս֮ϣƼžԵãһʢٶ˥ߡֻҪѹԷôѾɹ֮һʱַ磬Ǳ˵ѹƣʮɵʹֻ߰˳ɣɵֻĳɣһһĹֲַϱѹƣʽϣģѾû˻ֵȥַֻһܣ
ɱ
ַʱֻɱֻɱЩСϺףܶԸԶ֣ʮӹַˣǳǱ󱳵һ࣬߹ǡ˶ЩƤˡԷѾַնɱһ룡ַҲһ룡
صʬ壬ַĲţⶼԼĽݼ˵ĶԣԴһ̿ʼѾһ;
ַò׽һֹ֮µһֹǰͺ̵ӭÿ˶ڣɱȻ˫ַ硣
ַĿ˵ɨţһң㣬ȫ߲㵽˲ģһһĽԼԵĵԽԽǿ
ԳĶʮˣַһЦȻһεַϱͬʱַϵʮѵ˲仯˷ĩʮ˾һ˲䣬ǽâʢַ̤ǲһһﶯ˵Ŀ϶֮䣬ٽɨһȦʮˣÿ˵Ĳ֮ʺλͬʱһϸСĺӡţѪȻء
һĻóֹס˽Ųղ˶ַʮ˵ĹܣΪַˣ˭Ҳû뵽ȴԼˣһУɱʮ֣Щ⣡˭뵽еͻȻ˷ĩ
ʲôڰеһЩʧ̬ĺ
ǿѹס𾪵СһʦʹõĿһ־иʴļܣ
ַסΣһɱԷˣַ缸ȫʮͬʱ֣ǹǿϢѹ֣͵ַתȫĿסڶʮѵʱַʩչطڵľȫգţûһʱÿ˵ķλǶȫַĴһߣȻ󣬳ȱһַʮ˿ʼֵʱţ
ˣַ绹ʮؿһ󷭹ҪѪַǿȥ˿̵ַѾˣ
СЩ죡˶ɱ
ʮһӿ˹˷ַΧַһɨȥЩ˵ΪȫַԺ˼ʣµȫ߼һµˡ
ɣַսȻЩסԼ
ǽһʽ̰ǹ£
ǽߵ㣬һͼ֮һºһǰȻųĲӰХһǰʮӭȥ
֮ʹһ磬׺ѹ£¥˼ҵУһ㣡ǰ߸˵ͷ­˲䱻һ룬ض
ţڶ񣬾Ⱥ֮Уǽ֮һеļܣ޷赲סǿһ˫ȫǻ򽣹ӭȥ˱ķ֣Լֱ۱жϣƺû˿Ӱ͸˺Ǹ˵زţʮ˱ضЩ赲жܣܣʼû뽣ɱΧ
ڶսƲɵɱ˹ȥɱ죬Ѫɽֳʱ֫ɣҽʺѪҺ籩һ˷ȥ
Ľʬɣ˽ڽڰˣѾû˸ҳˣŽä׺ݲ̵ܣǣЩ˱ķ֣һض֮ڣڽķΧ֮ڣٴķҲһ
彣ĵ˶ĴɢӣѵҲ׷ַ̤ǲôСĴӵȥɱ彣ʮ˱˵ַһĹʹһ㣬ֻҪϵˣǵĻǶᱻʮ˲
ֱַӳ嵽һǽǵİ˸ˣ˸˼ûУֻȫſӭĽ⣬֮ȫǿ־֮ɫţЩȫһΪ˸˱ʮһʬ壬ȫڲأ٣ѪҺ⡭ʬﻺȳ죡


077 ս
ǽһʽԷʮɱ֮ʬأ졣ַս֮һսһءȻû˸ǰһ
ַͲɵɱĵƬײַַɵ˲ַ缫Ӧͺһһ㣬ͻȻй
ַףԼµ˶ЩСϺףܴԼ»ˣĸ֣
ʲô似ôô󣡡
似СӾȻʧĹ似е۾гһ졣
似
༸ԣҲǴһ
ǿַѾǿ֮ĩɣ
Сϵ̫ˣԶҪ͹ԼĶ֣ҴһǿĶ֣οﻹбǹ
Ϊ˶Ըַһˣǵʧ̫ˣѾ߳ɵˣȥµǶڴˣ
õģֻҪͳһ̫ԭأʱһճ죬ֻҪǮҩЩ߲Ͷ𣿵ʱֻҪ϶дΪá˵ˣֻҪڣǵĸͲʧǵľŲ֣ǵһû𣿡
ǻסʲôѾˣɱһϣûпǿˣֻ˸ǿ
ɱɱЩѾַ˲ᣬҪ
ߣ̰ǹ£
糱ˮһӿĵˣַٴʹ̰ǹ£ַڼԼŵ˵Сɱĵˣ
һŭ˺ȻɢȻûһ˸ҳȥǰѪȵһĻѾÿ˵˿־Ӱ˶ΪַѾûʹǿ似˭Ҳû뵽ַ绹ʹ
ٴʹôУַַֻҲǲѣ˿̵ַѾû㹻ˡǿĽ˸˴̴ͬʱַؿƣ󷭷ɶȥΣַ粢ûпǰЧֻܶ˶ԼĹֻɱ˰˸˶ѣЩܣ˸˶ɱ
˶ַ֣Ľǰһһ࣬ٶҲ࣬Ǹһǰͺ̵ַΧ˹ȥ
̰ǹ£ַҡҡ׹壬һεʹ̰ǹ£λٶȣǶȣַ綼жϵķǳ׼ȷõ˼£һַֻ彣ûûʹ彣һ˱ҽʮˡһеַĺȴȭַоǧشһ㣬һ½ַڵϡ
ַ絹أȭַкȥַ籾ܵڵϹȦѣһյ͵ȥ
ʮĸˣʮĸˣʮĸ˶ЩˣĿĿַ磬ôˣһٶˣʣʮĸˣЩܲޣ
ż˼߼ܻģǸַ֣оڵѾʣ˽İɣڵѾѣѾû˵£ľֻ·һ
ǽŵأַҡҡ׹壬ַ粻ܵ£ıǹӵӵԸֵģַ粻˷ѣַ翴Ǿеıǹ
˸˽ַ翿ַһĺˣֱסǽڣȻסǽڶԼĺ·Ҳ˵˴͵Ϯ
Сӣû˰ɣɱôˣˣǰЦţеķߺޣַеıǹȴͣ˽Ųǰ
ַɭЦţǹڶǰǸˣ˭˭
ַǿĹܻ֮ˣ϶һЩ֮ˣЩˣÿ˶ף˭һϣ˭ȻַѾˣľ˭˱ǹô˭һ
Щ˶ֹס˽ŲַĵôˣɱҰҲҪϼ汳ģ
ַʱˣַȫѨλѾֻͨҪתķܵϢˣȻݵʱЧ΢ܱûеǿ
ַţֻҪԼʮʱ䣬ԼͿʹһ̰ǹ£
ַȻվûһ˿ĺ£Ϊһơ顣ǽ˵ַľѨλѾͨΪĻ˺ַ磬ַһֱûлѽ顣ַӵԼȱٵľ֮ĥôõһᣬԼôԷأһδε˵ôԼľ־ûа취ĳɳ
һȺҷϣ
е㿴ǰսһתͷ͸ǿַѾᣬõϣǿŻ֣
ǿû˵ʲôԱߵ˿бǹóȻ֡
ЩЦţʲôʱôСˣСӵΪûе쾳磬ԪˣΣʱѵֳֻ˵ˣҿСӵıǹûӵˣҪȻôһֱá
˵ǡԹԵıͣ쵨Сַ̫ˣһ֣Լһٶ˵İΧ£ˡûдﵽ쾳ַ磬ȴڻûȻѾˣѾû˹˭֪ûк֣
˫ӣŵ£İΧķΧַ֪һ˿Լʮ׷ΧԼڽӣ
̰ǹ£
ַŭһЩһȥ
ַٴʹУ˷˽Լ˹ȥ
ӰһţХ˷ȥ˻ûӦͱ롣ַĵûֻһ㵹ȥ
ϣѾʹˣ


078 Сϻ
ʣµʮ˳֮ʱԶһͻȻɫӰ˳ڸǿ
Ǻܾˣַо˵ĹַķǳĻַȫǰĹϢŸǿеıǹҪ׼ˣַ۶°ɫӵڿת˸ˣͬʱֵַǽֶǽڿռ仮һĨͼ˷ȥ
ʱǿ˻ûзӦ˼ͬʱôһȱȻʲô֪ˣ֮˵ͷ­Ѿڵϣȴǰ񱼣ֻ˼Ȼ¡
ַһɱ֣֮ľ޷ʮ˵ĹƴýһסַؿƣձɣţоԼĺ󱳱һȭݺݵַأһűͷϣַصײǽϣûһ˿ĵǽǡ
ַоԼ·Լˣѣϣ̣ؿȴһʹҲȹѾ飬Ѿϳɰ˽ڣһϢдַŰԼڿٵţʼĻ
ͷΣѵҪô
ַһֻɫСèں˯˯ķǳ죬ǣͻȻ֮䣬СèȫëȫİëһķһʵĹâСèСèһʵѡֻͭ۾Ŀ͸Ž谵ĹߣȻ󷢷ƵĿš

һӰϵĲ˲ըƬӰ¥ĸ߿׹¡
Сè֮ȫˣһ񱼶ȥ
ַ磡ڵˣڴӰ˳վַǰѽѵĿɫҵַ硣ַɱ͸ǿǿɷ򣡴˿̵һʧȥǣһ˳
ĽźݺݵĲַϣǰ˲ȵϡãֲַô
סģַںŽ顣
Ŷ𺰵ô飡Ǹɶˣһֱڿսأһ֣ĵһˣֻΪʱһɱ֣ҵ˻ûˣأڶŲˣôСϺףˣ̫ʧˡ
ַоԼҪˣǲ֪ôģβˣ϶ǽڸĹַԽŭԭһֱѵģ㲻Ҿˣڻ˵ˣҲ
Ұ㣿ô㣿ôصˣҸĻ˺̫ˣУ
ظҵƣ
ǸУڻָƣȻÿϸ֯һڣھһһڣԶ޷Զɲһ֣
ҶҪˣܵô𣿣
Цҵ˻ôڤڤ֮жÿͻһľ֮ʱ㶼һΪҵ֮עĥӦܵĽѶѣֽѣֻԼȥȹĹˣֻ˵⣡ⲻΥ
˵꣬Ҳû
ַȫĻʲô⣡
ʶֻһ˲£˿ĽźݺݵĲַϣ̹ǣַ磡ɱҵôˣ㻹ɱҵİˣҪ
㾡һУԼļƻǳ꣬ȱǵȴƾɱһַ磬ʧء޷һУ
ַٺЦţѪĭɱɣɱôˣҲ׬ˣ
ŭģŭţ޷ļƻΪʲôƻ㵽ʲôˣΪʲô似˵ң似Ĺңһȫʬ
似ҲڼַܻΧڵ似ַǽĹ似Ѿʧǿ似ַ統Ȼκˣ֪Ӿǲ㣡ӽ첻Ҳָտɴ
ͷ㻹Ӳ˵㵽˵˵ĽźݺݵַŰš
ַһҲܣ
ַ绰䣬ֺ֪ݺݵץСȣַ˫ֿչĽһĵй֮ޱȣһצȥֱӽСϵһƬ˺
һҽУȻһƺݺݵַȥ
һȫޱȵķŭԹһַԴ϶ᱻĵϡáǣǧһʱ̣һ޴ޱȵӰſڳ˽һӰ˻ûзô£ֻѾԭأȻľ޿֮С
˶ͣеĶڳԶԶĿⳬĿֲһĻ
ֻأͷ¹ǡ㡢ţβǶۼףʨңͦĿĿţ̶һѪڽ㼸¾Ҫϡá
ܰ
˴𾪺Ϳ־֮еһӦ֮ʱתӣССĿռ䣬˭ӹȻ
һתӣһ״ߵĸ˳ȥĸһ±ǿײڵأֻǰצ¾ͽĸץķ飡ֻ޴βһ˦İѸ˲䱻ɨڵأ͵һԾӴֱӽѹ£˲࣡һ࣬˳ץԶһĶȥֱײǽϣˤǡ
ʮĸˣڶ̶̵ʮʱڣɱ˸ɸɾ
ɱ˺󣬹ﶢǽһַ磬Ȼ˻ţƻХռھҵĲеŹĺγ΢СУϵѪƬ˿УȻŹĺͣ£ЩѪѪһžڵϡ
֮죬ʬأѪɺӡ
︩¾޴ַԱߣ޴۾֮ᣬ޴ͷַ¡
Сèôһַ̣͸оϤĸо֪Сè
Сϻ˵ͷȻɢһʵЩϵĲʺһһ͵ϢСϻϱЩʵʼЩ궯Ǻܿʧ
Сϻͷ΢΢ſ죬֮ͻȻ³һʵЩСϻ³֮󣬻Ĵַ֮롣
صַڣַоһɷǳ̹ĸоȻַ
ַ֮ڣַľ֫ٺַϵۿɼٶȿٵĻָţѷĹʼӣϡ
ַоһ̹ԡůԡַоƺܿĻָæϢѾľʼһַţò˼Сʱʱ䣬һж
ַָ֮ЩԶѪеǽУæСϻСèߡ
˵زǾ֮ءϣ̫ԭѾ𣡿ַоһֻһʼѣᷢʲôַҲ޷жϳ֮ƣҸȫĵط
ַ𲽣ȴСϻһצץ˱ϣȻͷַ໵Ľһϵľ޴⼷һ𣬳ַЦһЦ
ַЦЦַڲſطʬ壬Сϻ¡ǰݼ˵СϻɳǳĿ£ַȴû뵽ֲһСϻǰ֮ûУ
ַץסСϻϵһƬСϻһļ۶ȥ


079 ħʦ
þƵַ꣬Сϻţ͹ݵķ˹ȥַ緢СϻٶȷǳĿ죬ԼȫٱܵٶȻҪϼַ࣡СϻıϣֻоХǷǳƽȣоһĵ
󣡾ȻһȣһɫӰСϻǰ
Ű׷ȴһ㶼ԵòϣһʮͷһӢǴ˲ޱȵַһΪһˣ
ŵڣǰиĶȥţǵԺ󣬿ñɵֶѾȡʤȻŵֶΣͷҲûȥֹֻǰ̾һȥˡŸûȥˣԲ뿪ȥŵܲڵȴ֮Ҫͷһ˺ܳʱ䣬˲ûлЩŹֳ֣֮ܵʱѪкɣ˲֪ȥ
ˣȫˣڰֳоһǿϢ˳Ϣ׷˹׷һԭһ룡Ϲ룡һŸֻǴԶһĴڣǴ˵еޣô
찡һŵĿƲסԼʮֵĸӣϸһֻǳãûȫɳҸ˷ܵǣ뾹ȻûеѪǣ룬׽ס룬Ϊ޵ˣôԼ񲻳Ϊһǿߣܿ죬Ϊű˼һӱƲһߣһ׽ס룡
СϻŰ˺˼һȥ
˿˿ΧĻǽͨ˵סȻ˿Ѿҹʱ֣ĴˣﶯֵĻ϶ǳ鷳
˿Сϻ˹תӡСϻٶȺܿ죬ǰ˵ٶȸ죡ǰ˲ķɳţСϻʼձһľ롣
ַһĴԺܿ췢⣬æСϻСè׷ˣǰ壡ȥʲôط
СϻֻǶַ໽˼ַȰ裬׷˹ȥ
Ǳ⣬һƬĶسũũ׸ձոСող֣δѿԵũһƬĿտĺ˼һܵĺõط
վũ룬ԶԶ۶СϻСϻ֮һƬ

Сϻͣʮ׿⣬Ű˺˼ȻСϻһצϵַץԱߣȻַ໽˼
ЦţСգϷһշΪҵ£պңЦ£
СϻȻ˰˵ĻŭĿӴ˳˹ȥ
ʮ׵ľ룬Сϻƺо˰ɢһǿѹצĿȥ
˵ͻȻһɫķȣǰ͵һͦлһ磬ȶİɫʯֱָСϻ۾Ȼǰһ
ħħʦħȣַ羪ڡ
˶ǰҲСѾںսƣսվȾǿʮ׿ַҲܵǿѹ
Сϻķƶ壬һһǰƽ
ʮףףסľ˻ǹ޶ֱӹԷˡ
СϻһԽԽˣʱž裬оǰ˷ǳ
ŻƶСϻ˽΢΢ɫ绮ڵҹգСϻҲܳ𽥱ѹ߸Ծ𣬾޴ֻǰצ˵ͷ
ɫСϻͷǵСϻʱ𣬵ȫ
СϻʹİĽ˼ĶֻǱЩͣǰͳ弸˫צ˵ͷĴȥ
˷һСϻСϻִһ⣡СϻһУȻֹͣǰβѸһһȳ˰ˡ
Ӵһ˲ݵĶʵð˴һħʦǷǳģôһ£ƲҲѲƤǶݵһ˲䣬˵һâһɫԲħܰŰˣ˰ǰ
СϻĳβźķХڿдﵽ˹趯ļޣڰ͸ܵıܸܵβ⻮ƿľȡ
ʱ˲˷Ѿ嵽СϻǰСϻͷ棬ħȵİɫʯͻȻһ貵ĹâһĹħȵĶն𣬹ѸٵתţŰѸתĹ򷢳һĿСϻĺɫ۾
Ĺʽַû뵽СϻȻҲû뵽ǰʱ佫֣ٸСϻĴ
Сϻ޴ֱӱǿɣײԶϣֱӱҳһСϻ˻ŴӴ˳
СϻоͷۻתӵСϻκĵ˵ϡ
˿СϻأҴ⣬Цǹ룬ͨĹ˲㣬ҵĵϵħȻ˲ĸʹܴ죬ȫȻɱ㣬ҿշ㣬
ַҲû뵽˻ôǿ󣡸û뵽һħʦħʦ
˵֮䣬ħϵıʯֿ֮ʼһ޴Ĺ򣬰˵Ļ˵꣬ԶСϻ˹ȥ
Сè㣡
ǴʱСϻκģֻͷ˯õַĺ
䣡
䵽Сϻͷ֮ʱǿĵӹ֮бѿ˲䴫СϻȫСϻȫ鴤ţз΢˻
˵ɫôÿϵħҲʧˣղŵһķٵħ
˰ɣҵˣһɾ磬ѾСϻԱߡ
Ҫʲôַ翴Цаİˣ϶֪Ҫ˺Сϻ
ַܵʮ׾ʱ֮ϵħһӣһɵַӭͷַоԼһ㣬ڵϡ
Ҫ˺СèַĺţǴ˿̵ˣоȫԡ
СèƲƲ죬Ϲ룡ޣСӣ֪ʲô㾹ȻСè
ޣСϻȻޣַϸĿСϻͷ¹ǡ㡢ţβǶһģһѵЩ˵еޣĴ𣿿Сϻֻĸϻô룿
˿ַ磬ڣҪշֻޣޣ
˿ƲסԼ飬֪СӣշһͷޣֻҪˣôҽ룡ֻҪֻܻãҾܻã˵޵꣬൱޵һΪǿߣ
˴Ц˼Сӣÿôշֻ޵ģȻɱ㣡
ַ缱ˣ顣װġ
ҿҸ˯£ôֽңУĺúڸַţһ춼˺üΡ
СϻҪˣ취
˵ʲôأô𣿺οǾҾħִе룬ʲôЦǰ붯룿һ꣬Ҳɱģ
ַ缱ˣͷ˵ҪշСϻ
鲨ĵշСϻĶʱҾ͸ĴУ
ַ羪ȵ˵СϻҵʱǸ⣿
ûһ֣ӵľŷ֮һʶСϻΪ룬ȫǽģҲҸģûʲôСϻҵĽҲҵĽʶСϻϲ㡣ȷ˵ˣҵˣôҲ˵Сϻˡ
ַôϻôСϻ
ȣΪʲôҪȣСϻûʱҾͺǩԼˣѾˡǰɵƣȻҪѪʹԼܣſϷͺˡ
ַ뽣鴫ڸַ֪ʶʱһˣ˵СϻѾǩߵȵԼǰ˲֪ΪСϻûˣԵ͵ȵԼСϻʱԼɣͻΪǰ˵ˣ
㻹ǸԼôܺҵԼԿʱͻΪˣˣ˯ˣû±ң
һأָһӣĳԼϣľˮԪγһ΢ЦâͼеѪͼĵȥѪͼ֮ϣͼâʢȻСϻͷϸȥ


080 Լ
ѾԵСϻоһͼڷĴ˽еľһӱͼƣͼ֮пʼٵתһصԼľڴʱһεֻһ˲佫ͼʶ˳ȥ
ƵͼһɲǼʧ뵽Сϻ֮УڰСĲٿ֮ʱͼȴִСϻ˳ֱӻԼ
˸оԼһʹȻɫҰףֵĿŻԲѵСϻ૵ĵôô
ַӵǽ֧ЩԵ壬԰˵˼ˣͺǩԼҲ֪Լûн֮ǰһҪǿǩԼĻĹǸ޵˸ߣԼ󷨱Ǹ˵Լ󷨸ߣܳɹǣʧˣ
˺ݺݵĿַ磬ܣܣԼǴ˵еԼϸûгֹôᣡΪôͣѪԼķ󶼿ƲˣôתԼ
ַ粻мĵûʲôܵģӹ£
ַĻ䣬һɾѹ˴˹ȥ˵ĴԺԼһ㣬һǿеѹԼԼ£һ㷴ûУ
ͨڵأ˫ðĿַ磬ܣܣԼֻܺǩģܿˣܣ
ַЦܣֻûмѣ˵ܣһͨ˵ħʦһħʦ𣿵ʩչħ֮϶ˣԣڣѾ㣬㻹𣿣
㣡Ҫɱ㣡ɱַ磡ȴķ֣ȫˣֻܹԹԵĹڵϡ
ɱңַŭԼ⣡ݺݵĳ飡
ҧгݵĿַ磬˫ð𣬺޲ýַ˺ƬĴȴǿԵԼݺݵĳԼĶ⡣
˵ȫѪӡַû񫣬ûǮԷôС϶ͣ
ĿѪˣϵ˼֣ʮƹȥܿ죬˼ѪѪд׵ĸһ
ģ̫ѿˣղշҵСèɱңֻССĳͷ㣬ĴԼ¶ѣȡô˵Ŀ⿴ҸӦøлҲɱ֮Ӧмǳ˷ܡ
һѪҪң˷ܣԼϼʮ⣬ˣ׵趼ʶˣ㻹˷ܣǰô룬һ䶼˵ưͳԻп˵
ַӦ÷ǳĿģǰɣЦһԣЦ̫ѿˣӦ͸м΢ЦԶԣ˷һ㣬ԣŹǸԱ
ŭģԼһħʦ൱һԪڴԲ֣ʲôʱܹ裡ֱһѪ˹ȥ
ַСϻͷСèղ۸㣬ڸ㱨ˣ𣿡
СϻգŴͭ˫ۣϴһе΢ЦȻǿˮĴͷַȥ
ַֻоԼˮϴһ㣬Сϻŭ㣡ˣǷ򣡡
ַ˵ţȭͷСϻͷ˹ȥһңַĴţҵ֣
ַҲԳԾԼ˫ȡôĽڻ￾ϼͷû£ôһһͷôʹ
СϻַյЦţƤգգۣһ
ǸСèлл㡣ǰ飬ԲǸַǳĿСϻϵл͵Ǹ
Сϻ˷ܵĻ˼˴ͷַ£ճĿˮַϢ
ַǰСϻᣬûиɫԼΣʱ̣ԼȴСϻ
ַоԼɵð׳գʼʶݼʱݼ뱣ԼİȫԼЩʲôߣ취ռˣŰ͵ɭȥأݼˣַúõĶԴݼûлˣȵ´θ֪Ǻˡ
Сϻأ˵СϻԼ֮ǰַûϲСϻĳ˵ַһˣ˵һ˻ԼԼʳ𣿴˿̵ַСϻΣ
ַβûж㣬ѿˮ˦˼£СϻҷģӽԺ󡭡ַͻȻͣɫЩÿСϻԻĿַ磬ڵȴĻ
ַСϻͷȻЦŵСèҲˣǰҾģǴûʵֹҷԶƨһҪ㵱ѣֵܣΪʲôҪأֻҪѣֵܣΪֵֵΪҪأֵܣͻֵܸ£ûеֵܣٶǲǣСè
СϻƶǶĵ˵ͷ
ַͻȻоһ򣬺ϵļһӵõ˽ѣһΪӵѧһ˲֪˴𰸣ָо˵ȫһ̹һĿԼľһӷ˼
֪ˣҪͻˣȻ˵ѾַͨϵоѨλֻҪܵһĳ̶ȣˮˣͻͻƣҪκεĸֻҪͻ֮ȻϻﵽΪǴ˿̵ַûдﵽ쾳磬Ǿȴͻ쾳磡һַ̣ϵȫָˣֱһţͺһСһӵõ˳˵˼ά˲˼飡
ַˣΪʲôЩչضĸֶ޷ͻƣǾΪȱĥÿֻҪԵһأһһЩĥҪԣҲֻĵܸı˵ԣֻҪԸı䣬ⲻ⣬ͻỻһ˼άȥ˼Ӷܿҵ𰸣ȴ֣ԭһֱǰԼȴ·
εĥַȷַ࣬ȫɱˣҲǸ¶꣡
ݼˡַ绹ǸСè
Сè󣬴˼룬ַ籯˵飬צ˻ţһХʣ춼Ҫһ㣬ַĤʹ
Сϻݼĸǳãÿַ۸СϻʱݼὫСϻȳħצȻСıСϻַһεСϻôСϻ͡ѱ䡱Ͷݼˡ
Сϻǳķŭڷйеŭתͷ­۾֮ᣬַȻʲôȻצĽ˼
ַ統ȻСϻ˼֣ѾȫɱˣǸղɱһˡ
Сϻڵұߵַϣֱַӳһַ粢ûСϻĸжš
ַСϻͷңûкúõıݼСϻַա˶ͽܵϵţܸܱ˴˵顣
ֵַôģݼѾռڴڳ˯֮УֻҪΪݼҵһʵ壬ݼͿ¸
СϻȫַĻ˷ܵ໽˼ǰצַıסһǶ󣿲㽫ַ
Сϻ̫ˣӳڣһʱ䶼ûУȻɳ֮죡Ҳ֮ߣַ羪̾
Сèǻȥɡ
Сףװˣ֪Ѿˣַڵϵİ˺
ŭַ磬ҲСףŵĵڶʦ󣡡


081 ѹα
ַĵҹǷĻԲģûȤ֪ڿʼҵܴ֣ͽСףǰͳͳԺ͸ҵߣԹԵȻ㣬ˣʲôұ֤춼׵ĸһ
㡭ƿڴԼѹ֮£
ˣҪˣʱҵһ׷Χ֮ڣУȥ֮İͷȾɺڵģ˵ʱҪôϣɺͨһԺҵСˣѧԵ㡣ҪôŭĿңԣЦһǳԣëǮġ
Сֱ뵱Լ̫ԭ߳ƣ̫ԭشһ̫ԭضĴĥѶûдСףٴ裬ٴĿѣǿĵ˶ûǵСͬ־£ǵСͬ־䲻ȿȡϵɽ»üͷգһµӢ
Сͬ־չϰ꣬ճû죬ɪɪԼǿΪԪڴԲƽҲǶǿˣȥʡ죬ҲܻһƬγɽͳһɣޱȻԻ͵ʱ񣬳죡ű̫ԭҲƨˣⶼûдСͬ־
Сͬ־ȴѬģ̰ޣԼɱƣ⻹ûǵСͬ־ԼԼ⣬ȻСͬ־𣬾ڱıԵǳַһλһ䡰ëǮİǡ׵ĽСͬ־һˣ˹ȵףԶܷСͬ־еôһĶ˿ʣˣһˣ
ͷȾɺڵģ찡Ҷˣ˵һɱҰɣһ䣺ԣЦһ绹ǳԣɣ˹ҲаһëǮģֱӰСͬ־˵̫ˣûмôˣ
ַŲСʲôСϻıϣ֮еХСϻַʧȥӰС׸Сϻ󣬷ʹüĸں档
ַܲھþƵſڣСϻֱֻɫСè˳ַĻ
ÿһСɣ϶һЩȻ˵Ǯҩַⷿſ֮ǰֿⷿŴһ󷨼ӳַ֣ƾǿ֪ʶжǰͨ󷨣ħģħǧȻΪͼħǧǵͼģʹħˣʹ򲻿ǿƻĻͻ⵽ɣ룡
ַ綮ô⿪ħ
СףӡַͻȻСǸħʦһȼܸߵħʦ
С׵ûĻһӵħǧûԿǴ򲻿ġһַƽͼǣҲᡣ
ַһᣡҲħҽ㷽
᣿С׵ӿˡһͼħǧ۸ǧ򣡶Щ߶ǶĴʦħǧ
ϻ˵죡
ַ罫̸СףСаףָѶȵ飬һͻܵɣַĹӳɷӦʱԼһˣСײǻַǿ֮СĲšַ԰ĴԺСһ˿Ĳʮӹħǧڴˡ
С׾Ȳѣһħǧһ֪ģһȥ⿪ĻǴʦûмʱǸ㲻ģأԼһ֪ʶᣬֻڱ˵ָɣʮӾ͸㶨ˣѵԼҲܽ⿪ħǧˣС׵𵴲ѣԼˣֲ̫ˣ
򿪴֮󣬻谵˷ÿһ䡣ֻܣһ֮ϳһŵУе涼ȷʾıʾһ֮ϣŸָ
飬飡СèЩУ˷ܵĽš
ȥɣʲôȥ԰ɡ
Сèĳ˻ܣȻһУľȻдһУ
һҪԣͻȻַ
ַ缱æ˹ȥһѽСèצе˹Сèַ粻š
ַ翴֮ϵıʾɹ
Ҫ򿪺ӣֳַʶ֮ĶʧӰ٣ⶫһͻữ
⵽ʲôַ粻ʵȻܱںĶ϶Ǻö
û뵽Ҳһ֮еľƷⶫ˶ôصˣֻҪ˻һڣ˵Ļ϶ͻġڳˣʲôЧûáˣҲûʲôãԺűɡ
㲻˵ⶫһͻ𣿡
ǰôôóʱ򣬾ҪùΧĿȻٳȥͿˡˣ˯ˡŶһ£ǸͷϵĿռָװ㶫Ҫպðɡ
ռַָԺܿ˹ڿռָϢҲǿռ䴢﹤ߡͺһԪĿڴһܽһЩװ棬ȡʱֻҪһͻУǳķ㡣
ռַָûעСϵĽָʱһۿȥӿݣһռָҲ͵ȵĿռָֻƽ׵Ĵռ䡣
Сװ
С׿ַĿȵĶԼˣæ˫ֱȥȻĿַ硣
Ŀռָҡ
С׿ɥ簡˰ҸˣҵħȷﰡҵﰡҺܶණﰡ
ַԺ͸ˣ˵ķһԼ
ַǿ֮£СҧгݵĽ˽ָԼȻ󽻸ַ硣
һɫĽָ濴ȥͺһʵĽָûκεַѪȻһǽеоװ˽ָ
ָﻹһƤ䣬ǿ϶С׵С׵ħȣȻʮӣ϶СղصҩȻЩҩһЩħʦרõҩƷַҲûʲôȤ
ַ߹ȥС׵ļЦСףҶԼˣôСһ죬Ժ֤ĺġ
Сּĸо
Сϻ֪ʲôʱַ˯ˣһÿγ˾˯ַҲ֪Сϻҩ
ϵַǽͿЩһӣϵȫ˷ĩһ٣ԱߵСŸᣬΪַҪѡأû뵽˼ۣôһ֣еûˣļܣСδţ
еȫַգȻתֱۣһôַ˿̸оԼֱһ޼᲻ݣ
ŵġءϴһַ֮ͷŵܲŵĿⷿûʲôˣܶ඼ŰȥСϻ˯ˣŵҩȫˣַҲ˸ɾһţʱŻ߿أЩС׵ﶼûһغϾ͹ˡ
ŵıȷŵĺõĶ࣬ڽﶼһеַһƵĺ﷢һԹܣԹܱһָ߿ƼԳšַµŴ˽רſֵҩַ罫ҩ˿ռָȻĶɨһգﳤȥ
СſڲԶַͷԽǽ룬СڻѪ߰ߣ߽С϶ᱨġ¥֮ڶͷװã϶ߡַץŴķԾ¥
ַ籧Сϻϴ˸ˮ裬Сϻ˯̫ˣϴʱ򣬶ûѹ
ϴ裬Сϻַ˱ѣԼҲоǳƣǿϤĻַ˰ˣ˯⡣
ŷݼùĶɳһɵɵŵӵľ飬ݼÿķˡ
ݼһŮˣַûȥôȥĶôȥݼôһߣַопյģһʲôʧȥˣʹʹ
ݼܸһúö㡭
ݼ֪Һ㡭
ݼΪʲôҪ뿪ҡ
ַˣַӼ𣬳⣬޹֮⣬ûΪκ˿޹ǴʱַȴƲסԼԼʧȥ֮һ㣬ֿ̹ĵʹַ޷Կء
ݼһ취㸴ѣҲҪѣⲻַԣַľģ


082 Ҳĸ
ڶһ磬ַ籧Сèǰţ͹ݣмʱ䣬ųɹͻˣַҪڴɱųɹ֮ǰȰȫתƳȥַԴҲ֪תƵȥԼɱ˶ųɹ̫ԭǰȫĵط
ַߣץס˳㣬ôַֻ־ˣַɱ˶ųɹţӣųɹҪĻ϶һԸĲַ磬ַļˣ
ַ绳˶ţ͹ݡС׽ĸַС׿Ƿ˼һҿһ꣬˯ϰ徾˳ԼȾͷϰҲΣһ궼ʮҲſţʦûϰ࣬ϰֻԶ֣û취̫ˣʱУǸʱ䣬Ļҵ꣬ĺϰҲ
С׵ķ൱˧۵ƤզһС
˰
λǣţָСףЩַ硣ţܸо˵ֵֹģ˲һƵġ
˵ַµĵСף͵ġ
С
ϣ͹ŵ֮ͣ˿ͲǺܶ࣬ţкַ磬Ӳַݣȶ
һַԵĽζСվһԲ֪Ǻá
ַ簡Ͷţģȥкˡ
õģ衣
ôţַ硣
СףҪô͵ҶѺˡ
С
ţ£лл㡣
һӻĶţŵлʲôлֵܰӦõġ
ͷСӰͰ̫ˣ£ôˣʮˣֵ£ô龯ֻˣҲûмšӣңǸԳӵСܰɣ
ַڳݲĵǵġ
Сܣţɴ۾Ĳš
ǰ
ַ˶շŵ߻ûȵأţץ˹ϡַ磬ǲһûʱҼǵѧûǮĶˣҸһ飬һûôôˣѧУϴô˶û£һеô£ôôţXһСܣаôݼôŮݵֵģֵ˵˵
ַţੲݺ󣬿ŶţڴţЩ㻹ǲҪ֪ã֪Խ࣬Խûкô֮һ仰ԶǺֵܣ
ַ˵ûݼ߹ַ磬̤磬һ;һ·飬ַоλһ㣡̶̵ļʱ䣬ַˣǼٵģԼһͨˣͨͨԼŬϺӣγһҸڣԼо趼ˣ
УţַؿڴһȭûаҵֵܣǮˣˣͲ˵ʵˣӰһ𳤴󣬹ϵһ㣬ǰɶ㲻ңϲʲôɫڿҶ֪͵Ůϴ㶼ңô֧֧ģ㻹ǲǸүǰ
ţǳĴ󣬵Է˿Ͷˣַһ¼ˣһǴܵţס˶ţ졣һԳԶСȻζţ˵ĻһϵûС
ַڶţߺݺݵĵţֵܲ㣬ǣ̫ȫΪİȫ롣һ￪͹ݣʳǣգҸ㲻֪飬ô˵һ粨Զ޷԰Ρ
ţԸַˣַ粻˵ĻţһиԻӰ˵ĸ飬Ȼ˵ԺֵܣܻһֿĸĤһ㣬ַǲԸ⿴ġ
ţ֪Լ̫ˣȻѹĵӣ㲻˵ˣ˵ɱɱǵǼˣҺͲĸܣȻʮ׷ɱǣҿĸ
ţ췢ԭԭǳŵĸַ磬ţǳĺ¡
ַԽԽ㵣ţɣΰɣ
ǲģ
ûи
ƭҰɣ
ûհɣ
Ӱˣ

ַϵЩȫԼ𾪲Ȼⲻ˼
ַ޷Լĸһǿߣ
ַ֪ţȻһֽŵʱ̣ţȥЦ˵ˣţַ֪ں㣬ڳİΣôҪţЦģ
һǿߣЩҶַ֪˶ţĻ
ַЩЩʧǣ費ҪԼʧǣΪʲôôҪԼ
ַΪ˽ӳߣתƵһȫĵطڣȴˣ
ַ龭˶ţţǳ𾪣ףԭԼڵô£ͨ˵֮ߣ
ӣʲôݼˣţݼˣǳļֱץַ죬ַĳ嶯
ôõŮӣôˡ
ϣַķ䣬ĸһ𣬺Ų裬졣
ϵѾ̣Щֲַɨɵҩ֮ʱҵפյҩȻó¡
ĸһ֮󣬳ֲֻᣬǷԸҲЩĬ
裬ôˣʲô𣿡ַ翴һĪչĸףзǳż
裬ԲңҲղõҩϵ˺֮󣬱̵֤ġ
㵭ĵ֪
裬ܾˣҲáҪҪɡַ׼ųĽѵ
㵭һЦҲ㡭
裬Щ֪
ƽĵţˣ
ַ˵ͷо˵Щѹ֡
˵жװ¡
㵭΢ЦţӣҵһʮˣڳΪһˣĺÿġ
仰ͺȷ˸ַ磬һλߣ
飬ߣΪβңַʽ顣
ΪʲôҪ㣿ûʣ
㡭ַ
˸ΣʵģԼ·ҪԼȥߣһʼ͸ʦĸǳǿߵĻʲôη壬룬ǿĺܵĻôŬȥѧϰ𣿷ܳʲô£иָʰ̯ӣ㻹ʲôͻΪ˼ȡŶ֪ʦʦǿ߰ɣһССܣǲǾΣյĴͲʲô
ǵġַȷô롣
սţʵʦڿţǶûгְ㣡Ȼݼ⣬Ҳûϵ
ʲô
ʦĸ׶ҪȥɳȥԼ飡Σգǿ϶ֵģҪ̫߳ԭأȥһƬµأʱʦĸײߵġ
ԣˣκ鶼Ҫ취Լȥԣȥ˵

㰮ַͷӣʱ㣬ˣһѹѾʮˡ
ҵ裬㵽˵ʲôأַоǳĲԾһ⣬һһʲôûиԼ
ͻȻʲôкᣬЩʵģһһĵʵҲĸס


083 Լ
ַʱ˹ȥĿЦţ裬ЦˣЦһ㶼Ц裬ޣҵĸףԶǣ
סԼ֪𣬺ӣұռˣһСħ½ĵطǳһ֮Уĸ׵ʱǼļ̳ˣӢ磬Ůеˡ˵ҲһǸˣȱˡ
һ𣬾ͱΪעһλ߸ϵĻߣǣڶ죬㸸ҪϢ߳ϻʱȴѪ˷ӡһͨˣǸΪʧˣ˵ˣʱ㸸׶ʮֵܣھ̳ˣǳĲң鴫ȥ㸸׾ͻ˳ĳΪ˼̳ˣԣѪǱַӡģӡǳĶ񶾣еĳǶ޲ߡ
֮㸸׺ĸ״ĴѰҸΪ˽⿪ӡ㸸׵ֵܶ⿪ӡ㸸ΪжǴ㸸ٵУ˶ɱ㣡ֻҪһƾ㸸׵ȡ֮λ죬ȥͤݼһλˣңѾߣõĽáһҹ⵽͵ϮһжǸ塭
ʱƾ㸸ĸĹЩǸǲܵģǵĿȴ㣡һٶˣֻҪ˲סĸĸɱ㣬ֻ׾ٵ飡ʱΪ˱㣬ˣȱϣ㸸ĸҲӲһ٣򲻵֮£˿ռͨҺ͵ˡСҲ硭
˵ᣬ˵ȥˡ
裬ԭһֱǸġġ
˵ͷ
ûãħ½ɱΪ˱סǽһͨ˼ҡȻֻ̫ԭأ;Уұ׷ɱ䵱ңҲڵʦҺʦˣʦһ۾Ϳ㱻ӡҲûа취ΪӡûлڣʦæΪ˻ڣǾɽ
ɽ˰꣬һзȥ֮ҵǸͨ˼ңɱȫң㱧˳֮ͺɽϣ죬ʦݺסɽ
ڣħ½׷ɱ㣬ǲ鵽ǵľס㣬Щ˶ɱˡʮһһ꣬ҵĿ֮£ӦΪͽ
ʮΪ˱סҲ뿪ɽӹķǳ࣬Ҳ㰲ȡûоѵĻǻƽ˵ѪһӶѣһӶ֪ЩģܶʱƽγһҸ
Ȼ⼸ħ½û׷ɱǣǰһħ½һˣԪڸڸǵǾסƶʦʦԳŽ⼸ɱǻ˵ģΪ̫ˣĳɳΪǵĳˣôֻܵŸ³ԣһҪɱ㣬Ծ󻼣
ַԼʧϣ绰ҪԼسݣɱԼռ֮гһɹɹԼһ˴ˣɽ¡
ǣһֱӡûоѣҺ뾡취Ƕ޷Ϊһߣڣˣ㽫̤磬һ̤磬ħ½ĵ˳һҵģԣһжҪСģһҪȥĸĸ
ӣļħ½ңĸ׽죬ʥĳϣĸ׽к衣㣬ǽ
˵һУǺ˵ġ
ַ̱ڶ棬ĬĬһС
ѵҵѵһе࣡
ΪʲôΪʲôôң
ַŬԼͻȻʲô裬ǲǻи˫̥ߵܵܣ
ǳȣǵ˵ͷи磬㱾֮ʦ˵̫ʺСط棬Ծ֡硯
ַˣݼǴħ½ģݼһֱҪҵ磡ַ׸磡ڣһпԽˡ
ַһҰĺܴˣϲɱɱֻҪϺӣֻΪ˱ȱǿѣֻΪ˽ѵЩåѣ
أһʲô˵һٶ£ַ綼ԽܵģǰĻַôȥܣ
룬һ죬ĸͻȻ㣬ĸףĸһʲôо
衭ַ飬֪˵ʲô˵ĻҪ˵ֲ֪Ӻ˵
ڿʼҪ裡
ͻȻүڳˣеһҪѧԼȥԣݼСһӣǳĿ죬趼ݼСҺܱǸҲ֪ᷢ¡
ַ͵վŭţҪүַ磬Ǹǳ㣡Զǳ㣡
Ĩһᣬı䣬үҪǿԺԼ·ҪߣҪҵԼĸҪǵĳ˾ħ½ʥ壡
衭ַ˹ȥıסڳŲסʹ
һˣжǿԼĸǰġ
飬֮İ
ַţûֹһһжġ
̵ģһүǿʲôأţڸڵ˿ˣַ´ƿַţһĻʱҡҡͷ̾˿ĽŹϡ
ڿֹ֮ͣ󣬳ӣʲôȥɣҪͷҺʦֵġ
ȥַ֮ľĿųıӰᡣ

ڶһ磬ûиκ˸ǣĵ뿪˶ţ͹ݡ
ַ翴ųȥıӰַ֪һߣԺͺѼˡԼʮĸףַֻвᣬͲᣡ
ϳԷʱ򣬶ţַ磬ĸأ
ȥһȫĵط
ţַɫãǳʶȤʲôûʡţ̫ᰲοˣַǡ෴˴Сַ鲻õʱȻôοˣǶţͻĬĬַߡţ鲻õʱַ뾡ǧټư֡
㣬ַֻһϢ벻ꡣ
ַ㿪Ϣĵ룬ųɹ̫ԭأڣȫ֡ѾϢҶԸʱǵ˻סǼ֣ݼС㸺ɱǮٳǣǶųɹ˵Ƭ
ַ֪ЩϢǮٳǸġǮٳǵ˼ԣϢôǮٳǵ̫ԭغһʱ϶ؼңôõĵطǮٳ
ַϢԼ㲻ˡ


084 ɱ
֮һ磬ַ籧СϻСȥ˶ųɹļҡǿŵģĻǳַ࣬緢ǽǶװ΢ͷַ԰Ĵԣ϶ᷢЩͷǮٳѾһаźá
ַǽǵͷѣͷһһ㱻ǽϡ
ַɳϣ˵ӣԱߵС׵мְɱˣ
Сų֣ɱ
ֱַ˴Ĵָ
ַһʱ䣬ĵʮ֣ȵ촰ǰעСſڵĶʮ¥СԶַĿȫԽĻУſڱԷ
߷֣һɫ˽ĺһɫ
ַĿ͸Ĳֻһ˵ӰѾȷ˵ݣ
ˣ
ַ˷䣬С׵ˡųɹң
û⡣
ųɹ³֮תԺһ˵ĸ磬»ɩӵĵ绰һֱػҿַ·Ƕȥ
ǣ
ųɹʱɢ֮⣬ǽЩֻųɹ͸о̫ԭɶ̫ˣԳȥЩ˹ԷһȻ˵̫ԭûиҶԼ̫ԭصĹһ߲㶼ԼˡЩϴƵĻʲô鶼пܷųɹ˻׼ڼﰲźͶӣһʧ
ųɹ·ɻ֮󣬾Ͳŵĵ绰ǵ绰һֱͨȻ򹫰Լ˴˵绰ûʲôϢųɹһЩǶųɹԼųȥʮ죬һµġ
ȥ֮󣬰˰壬ʱһ˧˴š
˭ųɹĵ
ַ΢Ц壬˰Ƕ˵ͬѧ
ַ绹û˵꣬ųɹһÿ
ڳ䣬ŷ䡣ųɹ߽˷䡣ĿĶַ硣
ųɹĵʲôˣ
ɱˣַɫȻһ䣬ǽƾճ֣ȣ̰ǹ£
ַĿǶųɹ
һǸַǳųɹǰ˫֮ͻȻɢһֵѪɫΣӲĵ˹ȥ
ַ͵Ϯ䲻ĹȻԷӦǳ֮죬ǻʧȥȻȫȫİַһ
Ⱥս͵ǲһģȺս֮У̰ǹµÿһǻһͼ߸㣬ɢΪߵ㹥߸߸ˣĻߵͻͶΪһ߹Ϊһ㹥ˣ
ƴĵסһ˵ֱӽųɹɣײǽ֮ϣǵסһޱȣԷΪ춼ôʹּܵĹţֿ϶ֻһҵĹȷˣ϶ûڶ
ִˣţڶɵļ˹ȥ
ڼ鷿˿һĻʱԮֵʱͻȻӴƮһɫӰֳһħȣħȶ˵İɫʯɢҫ۵ĹâŸӵ
ַĵڶǱֵַоȫɢֵѪɫǳĹ죬ڽľˮ֮еκһԺǿķԼĹ֮һԷж
ֽӹڶ֮ȫѪӿǳܣ֪Լϵ֡Ѫܡάֲ˶õģԷʹĻѪܿ϶ᱻƣΪԷʹģǿļܺĳȣԷʹǿ似Ҳ彣һûе־ˣôʹأ
̰ǹһͣһΪ˾ȶųɹֻӲķݣŵڶѹƵĶԷֻм֮ڶԷû˳ȥ
ڱƵǽǣ·ӣ
䣡ǽֱӱ俪һѪʯ֮͵ȥ˿̣ϵĵɫѾ࣬ʱɢʱۼףԷٷһԼѪܾԱƣ
˸ո岽סΣֻǰһԼӭ
彣彣ֱΪ˾룬ڿˣķ֣ɫâ֮£ܵķ򶼱߸Ҳ˵ӵǸҲֻӲʲôܣô̬
䣡ֵѪڱƣȫѪɫâʧɫһһֱӽֵؿڻһټѪ֮ðѪࡣ
ֵ౻飬ҲȲˣͻȻ쳤һһĺУֲ֮ȫʼɢһʺѪϢıȫŤ˫˲ޱȵѪ졭
һ̣ȼԼǱǵûбϣַĵѾˣߵܼİ׹ֵ屻ֳ߸Ƭ
ɱһַֻ֣ɵַǳ⣬̰ǹ£һǳɣĶԷͷβʼûһ»֮ȻַľѾ죬ֻΪṵ̂ǹµѾֵַͨ쾳ĸȫԻܻɱһ֣
ַѾСǱߵսѾβˡȻǿ󣬿һħʦǸûл֮ѾѪ֮УʬһƬڣһ㡣
С׵ĵϵħѾ¯ֻ֣࣬Ҫһ£ͻϼӣǼӵʱ䣬һ˵ǺεȵĿɹеĸ֣ڼӣͿɱˣʮˣ
ʣµˣСͷɫ֮һҽУȻȻأͷð̣ȫ鴤һðϢɺʬһ͡
иַ֮˶ųɹ
ųɹûкˣҲһ˿ĺºͿ־壬ƽĵǵʲôˣ
ַҪˣ
ɱңųɹͻȻַĻܿЦ֪ɱҵĺ𣿡
֪ѪˡʵֻѪĹѣ
ųɹɵôƽ㡭֪㻹㣬ҶӺأ
űɱˣ
Ǹˣ˾ˣҶأ
ַȻ˵أɱŻ𣿡
ǲǱɱˣ
ַЩųɹˣ״ˣ㻹ôƽѵ㻹к֣ܰһͨˣκ˵Ϊġ
ǵģɱңҲɱңԣɱҵˣһ㶼
ųɹһʹҲ޷ǰƽǹҵ˶Բԣ
ʱųɹѾ³ʲôԼˣˣԼȻûеõϢԼڹŰŵ˶ûеõϢֻ˵ԸԼˣ
ַǲѾҪˣҪˡ
ųɹ֪ǮٳǵˣɱңܵƽĺǣѪ˶ԸģҸ㣬ҸѪһͳѪȻҵĸֻһͨˣҸ׺ܰҵĸףҪףɱңʼӲģڣҺΣңҲ鷳Ұȫ͵۹ұ֤Ժ۰һ
ַߵΪɵ𣿷Żɽһ𣿣˵ˣôĻô̫ܵԭСط
ųɹǮٳҰ̫ɱңǮٳǻŹ̫ԭһ죬Ǯٳǵѹ̫ˣһֱңңǮٳ˻ᣡ֮ĶǮٳҲıֻķԸ£ҵԭΪҸʮͼһЩ߲һΪ˶֣̫ܵԭ׻Ƶ۹ֲĵطҲȫĵطҿ϶Ҫ
ַԵ֪е鶼ǮٳģɱûйϵҺ֮˽˶Թ
ųɹ֪֪ʲôеҶһŵЩҩͨṩģһжǮٳǺıǮٳǺ⣬ʦֵܡϵǳĺáĻͻ˳ĽӹɵĲҵ̫ԭصǮٳԺͻǣңʵӱϲвǣΪҿƵ˶ͨˣֻΪǮ֪̫ˣΪǮٳǲҶңΣһǴˡǮٳҶˡҲµûɱҺǮٳɱڣȻǮٳǵ£Ϊ˷ǵĿڣԻɱǣ
ַޱȣԭǮٳǲǺϵͶųɹҲǺϵϵԼҲǺϵȺϣͻӲţɱڣ


085 ҽѪ
ųɹ˵ĶʵôԼţĿ϶ŵĸ֣
ҲˡַҸǮٳǵˣֻͨǺ̸һЭ飬ֻҪɱ㣬ͻᰲȫҳ̫ԭء
ųɹһ㵣ԭҲˣô˵ǮٳǾ͸ɱˣ㱾һͨǮٳǾͿԹɱˣҺΣˣ֪һ࣬˵ˣ˭ţԣڣҺõģԺǺԸǮٳǣ
ַЦҷˣȥ۹ʱ򣬿µһԸҵ˾ɣҪǣɱźͶӣοڵʵҪһͨ˳ȥ̫ˡ
ųɹҿԷģ
ַ˼ҴЩҺ֮ûжԹĻҿ϶ڣҲŻɽллôϢԣҾӣһȫʬ
ַҪ֮ʱͻȻűһ߿ȫ˳˽
磬ڻɱ˵һһװ˼꣬ʮ߰꣬ǳǿ׳Ͷţеһȡ
ǡӣ
ǣҵʵò
ַɴۣ̫ţˣݾȻܽݵ˸ôʣ
ַ絭ĵֵܣˣұҪ
ӵ˵Ҳ޲ɱˣҪϢҷǳҪɱˣǵ˾Ҫȥǧϰ٣
ַ翴ӣ˼˵ֻҪʵ֪ϢͿɱˣ
ӵͷ
ǳð졣ֱַӰ˶ųɹǣʱֻɿ
ɼֻҶԼõϢʲôϢҪǽһŭ
ǹģҾҪɰ׳գ
ַɫһƬɷףַġħһ꣬ȻҪΪﵽܸߵľ֮ſʹãɼǷǳ򵥵ġ
ֱӽųɹеļˣųɹļһתƵַĴһ˵װ˵ļ䣬ַ깻ǿסһ飬ַ϶ԼԼűˣ
˿ųɹɵɵ㶵վ֮к޹һЦЦǸЦЦ
ȫ߹ȥһץųɹһɰ׳ˡ
ϴû°ɣĵģӵĵĶųɹ
ҪϢַǳľ裬óֻϢϴһ֣ӿȻϢɾ
ϴϴ󣡶лˡ
ȻֵܣͲлң
ЦϴİһæĻҾͲ˵ˣԶҵĺֵܣȻĳѾˣֵ߰ɡ
Ǹ⡭Ǻַܲ˵仰ӿ϶Լ뿪̫ԭأߵĻγһõĳ·
ַ粻ߣԼǮٳǺãôܲѵԼĶǮٳҪԼ󻹲ʦ𣿻ж칫ַ粻Լ˾ǧ˾Լô˵ˣ
ֵܣллĺ⣬ҵ黹ûд꣬ʱ뿪
ΪַӦû뵽ַܾˣӵȻǳַڵĴַļģ۹ңҽѪǡ
ֵܣأ
أ
ߺֱַӽųɹľϣһˣ
С׿ֶַΣзŪɰ׳գͷϵ֫˻ܣ
СҲ֪ĿǰϾæַ磬Ǹô죿
ַ̫ԭеڶѾգ·ӣֻɱһѪ·һ
С׵ڣСèȥҲʲô¡Ͼ̫ԭûϵĸ֣ԣһʮİմ뿪̫ԭصġ
ַͷ˵ûһҪɱǮٳǺˣΪԷһǻҪź·Լһݱգʲôá
ַóֻͨһ绰룬ιǣ
ַʦӦ²˼֪̫ԭطʲôˣȫؽϣֻźŶжˣĵ绰ͨˣ·ˣǵҲ̫ԭأΪ˽˴˵׷һַˣǴʦɣ
ַһƣǮٳûиԼһĻᣡ
ңڣе˶ɱҡ
ǵһСʱǰĴֳÿڣ̫ԭһֻӬɲȥҲû취ҿ᳤ʾһ£Եȡ
ųɹ˵ûǮٳǲŹַġֻɱַ磬Ծ󻼣
һ˾ĵ绰ˣ˾֣ɡ
˾Щŭĵżûôǳô£̫ԭɱһѶˣ㻹ɱ˶ųɹȫңôǳô£
ַ粻ʲôεĵǱˣҲܺߣҸɱ˶ųɹôôõϢ
˾ϢϢ̫ԭص˶֪ˣ˵㱻ˣ㣬Ǳ˻㣬ôȣǺһǾˮˮһԳѹһǣη̫ˣôǵıǹأˣݵλһôһ㣬ȥҲѹסŪðԼȥԣСӣˣ
ַ絭ĵô˵˾Ǽˣ
˾ĲУַԼǧ˾ַ˾һ飬ȣǿ϶Ҫȵģ˭أѣҲҪȵġˣǲμӱ£ûиκ˵ɣ
ûУֻ֪
ãͺãһԳ־ģھ̫ԭظھ˳ȥƽеķͻΧһȥġ
ַһЦԭ˾͸ַ簲ź·Ǯٳǧ㣬㲻ַ˾зǳ񡯵Ĺϵ
̫ԭǸСأֱƽе·ֻһͨص·ַ߰Ҳ·ߣû·ΨһͻΧľͨƽеɡֻҪ̫ԭأǾˡ
ַҲףԼĶôӵùǮٳǵļ㣿ַҲ϶Լѡ·ᱻ
Ͼģط˿϶ᶯ֣ôԼˣ϶ڽ⡣ڴֶڽ⣬ôǮٳǰ챻Լôصˣڰٷְس֮ڣ
ԼϢٶųɹ˵Ϣֻ룬ĵģǮٳǵıֻ֪϶ߵˣôֻǮٳǾģ
ιַ粦ͨ˵绰
ַ簡ôˣ绰Ǯٳǵ
ųɹѾɱˣôߡ
ƽеķߣ㣬ܰȥ
õģȥַǮٳͨ绰ΪϵͳλǮٳǵλãǣȻ޷λԷλã
ַ絲һ⳵ƽС
СײʵǲҪȥɱǮٳΪʲôҪȥƽС
ȥ˾ȥ
˾仰һҪӣַһקס˾졣˾оԼˣһ
ַ˾£ǲǻˡ
˾ƴĵͷǺ
һǧǮš
˾ҽӡ
ţַ
ðɣ㿪ƽеķߡǺˣĹѾˣֲŶˣˣʲôһɱ㣡
ˣ߰ɣ
˾оĪ磬㡭㻹ûнҰʲôأ
㿪ƽеķߣûʲô°߰ɡ
˾һͷˮհ죬ﳤȥ
˾ȻַᷢͽԼֻ˺档
ֵַһ⳵ܲ


086 Ǯٳ
Ǯٳڴϣֻͨһ绰ι⣬ַѾɹɱųɹˣķƶֻҪɱַ磬ͻΪ´󹦣㲻Իָǰְλͳһ̫ԭأҺֵͬģԺ̫ԭؾǵˣ
ǮٳǸչ绰д˫ŸһȣҪͿ֮ʱͻȻͷҽûгȥͻȻԼǰֱӷԼ˹
ţǽڱһǿƵǮٳѹ
ǮٳһƽǽڴķѣһǺǵĻҳ׳Ǯٳǵǰ
ַ磡
ǮٳһȻŭĵַ磬ô£ѾΪ㰲źһ·ڻعͷԸң
ʱȣַ粻ϻҶ֪ˡɱģ
ųɹһЦûڶųɹҸɱ㣡
㲻Ұɣ̫ԭĸ߲㶼֪Ըųɹ㣬ҸǲǸ߱ˣųɹɱ𣿶ųɹѪ壬һ㶼Ұɣ
ǮٳǵΪʲôỳңΪųɹĻһҶŵ޷죡ңΪʲô
ΪʲôַΪ̫޷ģһ㣡ֻǻɣҪȡ˶ųɹеļ䣬һҶˣ֮Ķģʦֵܣһеһж߻ģ˶ӣǸߵͳ˧벻һССҲԵͳ˧ģ
Ϊɱ𣿡Ǯٳǽת£ףַ粻Ǳô򵥣ַߵǸ˸ӵĿֲܻᣡȻܶ˱˳ȥ˲ϵĸʮŲʮ˸Щ˶Ѿˣ
ַҪνˣҸһݰɣǶ칫Ĵʦ
ʲôǮٳһ㣬ܣôᣬҵװףܵģ
ôҵ϶ǱϵģĶʲôԾĸ߲ΧɱңҲҪԼݣ
Сף㲻Ҫ֣
ǮٳһЦƾ㣿ҿ֣֮£ϣ
ֳַǽıƽôǰ죬һźˣм֣Լ
Ǯٳɫһɣ㵽ж
ַѾȫʤˣ߸ߵѹǮٳһͷǮٳǸͲַ֪ľѾͻ졣
Ǯٳǽһһͳ壬һѳڿлۼݺݵַ˹
ٶô
ַҲǽһһͳ壬еǽǰһ

½ַɵĻǮٳǵĹǮٳǵһǮٳǵĺĴȥ
ǮٳǸоһԵǰͳһ£תֵĿַ硣
ԼĹȻûȫٶϾȫƾٶȵһٽַٳ֣취ܣû뵽ǣַٶȱ죬ԼĹ˷ԼĹһǳصĿյƵԼԼӦ죬ھǸ͸
㡭ͻˡ
ұǸ֣ҵλСҵ£Ԫڸ֡
ѵǰһжαװģ
ǰȫαװģʵĿɽҪ㣬˵ɣָͷͿˣʵǵıֻһЦѡַ˵ѴǮٳǵģֱӴϽ塣
Ǯٳǿӵַ磬ŭģһѪɫǳѿ
Լļƻ޷죬Ϊʲô;ݼַˣ
СһѵˣǻҪʱȥɱ⣬սپ
ˣǮٳ仰ֱӱˣԪԭַ£ūͣôַ
Ǯٳһ֮£սûˡ
ǮٳǣҵĴۣ
̰ǹ£
Ӱ
ǮٳҲʹ˴Уȫƴܵʽֳֻһַ磬ǮٳǿսҲܣԱ߻һԪڸֻ֣ӣ
ǮٳǵӰһ㴩ַĽ֮У򴰿ڵλѸٴȥֻҪӴȥͿ֮󼪣
ܵǰŷǰɫĽס
ǮٳǸû뵽ַĽ׷ٵļܣ
ɣ
ûôף
ɱ
ֲռӣǮٳǴڵ⽣Ӱ֮Уת£ȫһԲε˫֮У֮аǳֲַҲ޷һ
Ǯٳ˫͵ǰһƣ׹һ㣬ַķ˹ȥ
Сףס
ַѣСѾеķͻӶһ͵ɫħƫеķ򣬽С
䣡
ը¥Ϊ֮һû˵κˣ
С׵ΪǮٳܹģ
ʱַĹѵǮٳǱַΣ
һΣǸݼ𣡡
һΣǸȥֵܱ𣡡
һΣǸŵ˱𣡡
һΣǸȥ̫ԭص޹ձ𣡡
һΣΪԼ𣡡
һҵá
ַ罫Ǯٳһַ֮
⡪ıӦ
СԱ߿ַħһֶΣз
ַɱǮٳ֮󣬷ǳ侲ʲô¶ûзһƽ߳˴á
ϣССŹ£СֱЦ
һ۵һ𣬱̸߱ҸĻ⡭
һѧ֣ЦﴫĺԶԶ

ڵȺַһɬ
ǰҲЩеһԱߣЩǼƽݼ˵ûҸǣѾʧȥˡ
ַ絲һ⳵ƽС
ʮӺ󣬳⳵ʻܿһƬɽҰĹ·֮ϡ
С׸ӦʲôͻȻǰ档
ַͣ
˧磬ô£˾ͣ·ߣڵ͹ٵİɣ˳Ķͦ˧ģǻˡ
ַһһٿ飬˳棬Ȼ³˾ȥɣߡ
˾ַĮ۾ʲôֹȻ󷢶


087 ɱַ
Ĺ·һƬ֣ʮ֣һϵĻҶƮƮҶء
ַС׸߼֮оͳʮˣַСװΧ
ͷļˣַʶһ⣬һǽԱߣһ󺺳ĺ½߷ƣ½εĸ½£½ŭĶַ硣
ɫǳĲÿûаɱ⣬ЩεĿַ磬ַ磬ּˡ
ַҲЦţǰ𾴵ĸԱʦû뵽ǻֳ¼棡
ַ硭
һݼҺΡ
ַĵ⣬Ҫè޺ӼٴȱˣĹݼͲ
̾һû˵
ߵĽǰһŭַ磬ַ磬ϻ˵ݼı̫ԭìܣһ򾡣㵽Ϊ
ַ粻ʲô֮λ޴ǣַĶŽزЦС㣬ǲǽǽбүصģϴαˬˣǲˣͻñүȻС˵㣬ָлǲġ
㡭ɫһͨ죬ɺתףϴαַزȻô˵˵˳ԱߵС͹ǲǽʦַСһȡ
ҧгݣζըˣ˫ðɱ˵Ŀ⿴ַ磬ַ磬˵ıƽɲָܺʹʲôĿģ
ַЦⶥñӿҵͷСŲʰҾһûдﵽ쾳ߣôɵĶ׳հ㣬ݺôӢ˼˰У޳֮ܵ𣿡
ŭһôڣ㻹֤šźžսǲǲμˣΪʲôͻһˣǵ˵ֳˣԪɽڱǹŸǿڱǹֳʬ壬Ѫɺӡ
ַûὭĿƲ½ԱվװģһĮӣַõϢһԪ֣ΪɱԼȻĸֶˣ˵󣬻վλһĮȻˣĸ˶춥ľ磡
ַ˽Ļǲɱҵ˵ô𣿺ˣӸɵģҪ־Ϳ㡣ߣȻΪɱңԪڵĸ֣ܹ֣ҵӿ󰡡
Ԫڸɫһ䣬ԷΪôͣ춼ôһ¿͸ԼΪԼΪҴеʵ˵Уѵ˭©Ϣ
ʱԱߵһԪڸǰһַ֮ʲôԹҲֻ֪顣ֻֻ֪࣬㼸£ֻҪشǲǾͺá
ַðʡ
Ǯٳǲ˵ģ
ǡ
˴ַĻ˵ǻ߲Ǿͺáųɹȫǲɱģ
ǡַ粻ʲôˣҲǰ׽͡
˼ʣǹǲ
ǡ
½ε˫Ҳϵģ
ǡ
ãҲʲôԭ򣬻ʲôɸ˵ܣֻ˵ֻǱãֻ֪ЩǲģȻȫˣġȻģӦиֻ棡ڽǹһȫʬ
ַ绹Ϊһˣû뵽˵ôԵַˣǽǶԼĻôⱾǸǿʳ磬ÿ˶ΪԼ룬ԼĴڴ˱˵棬ôԼҪ
ַһЦʸôƺ
˵вգƽ鸱᳤Ѧ¡
ַжһ£Ԫڸ֣죬֮£ȳ棬ַСףټСè޷ģַף죬һҪԼնɱڴˣ
ַãҼסˣҽҲգҶȫᣡ
ѦºЦһЦţôĿղˣô֣ͷۣҲѷɣ
ַЦðôˣһϰɡ
ַȻڻ֪˾ţֻҪһ֣Ͼͻ־Լ
Ѧ¡ɱ㣬Ҫһ˶ֻΪ˷ֹܶѣҲΪ˼֤жѣѾôɡ
Ѧתͷ½µȥɱ
ʱĳĽ䣬һ۵֮һɫķ˫۽գվڱĿֺ˼ʲô顣Աߣվһʮ꣬Щעַڵĵط
ַʦַʦ졣
ʦǻǳְɣٲ֣ʦܾͱɱˣȹϵϣ겻
ĵзϹڣһʱ᲻µġ
󣿡Ĵ·һ㣬ʦ˵ǰɽ˼ҴܵǸħʦ𣿡
ǵģַ磬ַһʱ᲻µġ
ͲǸˣ޳ܣһ۲۵ıСˣʦϴξɱ
쿴˰죬оǳ֣ôûأ˵ˣַôʶأܰѣʦ㲻Ұɣ
ŭһַվһԱߵǸ˲𣡡
ĴһӶ·ˣӡħʦ뷢԰ףϮǿߣôͻȻһ˧ˣ
ع֮Ȼ󾪽еʦ˧ŶʦҲŪһķͣĺˡ
ǳûп
ʦҪˣǶְɣַʦܵѪѣĺַʦܹСʦȥæˡ
˵꣬˷ܲѵǰȥճ˼ͷ嶯ˣ˶һ
԰꣬񣬸óʱͳ֣óʱһ⡣ǳĵ۾ʼնûַĴŲʡ
СֹţϹŶɶʱ򣬻üëˣ⣡
˵ʲô
켱æӲӵЦţûʦ˵˧á˵˵ĶԣҪ񡣡

Ѧ½´ǰվҲΪַ̽ǳȻϢ˵ַһ˽źϢûŵġ
½¾͵һ仰أǰݺݵĳַҵĵܵܣգҪʬΣ
ַðҪһֻ֣һżߣӮҲǹʵ£һ򲻹ң˰æô죿
ޣ½ŭɱ㻹Ҫ˰æֻҪ㲻Ǹıǹһ֮ڽ
ŶԭǵģҾԲǹҺ֮Լ𣿣
½´кβңҪСʬΣ˭Ҳ֣ܲ
ҵҪ˭˭ʬΣַû˵Ӱƣ
ַȹ˳ȥӰһ½½°Χת֮Ͷ߰ƣÿһζƣ½¸оԷǳۺ񣬸˲ǣƾһ㣬ȥֹۣ֮һƴ֮ͬʱ岽
Ȼ岽ַֻһ½ֱֻ΢΢Ĳţоһʹ
޳ܣ͵Ϯ½´


088 ɱ
͵Ϯ
ַƲƲ죬ѵ˽ǰҪһԤʼ͵Ϯˣ˵ˣ֮֮սֶֻΣҲ͵ϮֻȶֶѣղȶֵĻǲӦ͵Ϯˣ
½ԶԣҪִַֻ֣һӰƣ
Σ½зɵĹģǳģƾԼڹǿһԽַһɱ
½벻ǣַ粢ûгƣƾճһѽѽ׹˸һ°Լӭ
ַ纰ųƣг
ֱСˣˣ½ˣַ粽ƣ½ôˣǵճԼԼˣô˦˦
ýѦ²̾æ½£Ľﺬ󷨹ȥǸͼǶ㲻ģҪĹˣӲ
һ½ҲֻӲ˫򽣹֮ȥ
䣡
һ֮£½¸оԼ˫һʹȻƤ⿴ʲô˺ۣǳ߹ǺѾϸСơ
½ͷǺԷĹ̫ǿˣԼΪһ֣Ȼһбһûﵽ쾳˴ˣǰǮٳǱַ½»Щɣڣһ㶼ˡ
½´һ׼ʱַĵڶѾ˹ַɱųɹߵһַ֣翴ĳ½µĹǸҪ͵Ķַ࣡ţԼĽܽ½½
½£ӽ½¼֮ʱѦ½Լ佣˹½¸սӹַĹյ½»Ӷеĳգ֮䣬ڰ׹֮£ַ֮Ĺڱ⣡
½£˵˰æģ㾹Ȼˣ
ַŭһѾ˳ȥ½¿ַĹŹЦԼѾƽ⽣еķֻҪһƽ⣬ԼͿԺ谭ɱԷ
½ʮ㣬ַǿƵĵ㲻ֱӾٽӮȥƽڶһ½»ӽ߸λȥս㵽һʱͻȻеĽͻȻʧˣֻһѹŽţƤԼС
½һˣ
ûˣ˭֪ʲôֻ½еɣַĹ½Ҫȫܣ
鼱֮µ½ֻܻ˫Ӳ˿½µұ۱ؽ֮±Ĳڽ֮нƬβʹ½µջ½µı¸ûˡ
½²ҽһ־ǣַһ
˶ˣַ׽һкһ֮νӵķǳȫԷ㹻ķӦʱ䣡ԼΪߵĶֻ֣Ҫ˳Ȼô־ֻӲ޻֮ܰѶֵĽȫƽӲгֵĻᣡ
£ǳĿ£
СӣˣѦ´һ΢΢һҪ֣ȴ֣һٶȻӰԼǰ
Сף
ַĵĽֱӽ½¿߸Ƭ½ҽеĻᶼûУͱһƬࡣ
ֶַηǳֱ̣öԷȫʬ
һԵ⿴һĻľ⻹ԼǰʶǸַô
ߵս֮󣬵з˶µĿַ磬Ȼܿ죬ǵĿ䵽ѦºСߡ
ѦĿС׵˭
Сдʵĵ˭ҪҪǸղѾԼսκ˶֣ȴεĲ֣ʵǿȥˡ
仰˵ķǳ˼˶ԼˣΪһǿߣ֣ô˿ţ̫ˡ
˶ǺַһģȥʮҺַͣ˭ҲûаɫǵѦ³ֵʱȴһţסѦ£Ҷ֪ѦǸԪڵĸ֣˵סѦ£ϷǳƽѦµıȴЩš
˶ˣ˲򵥣ܿһԪڸֵģôΪһԪڣַĽɱһ֣̼е񾭣ǰˣȻܺѦ¶ţֻ˵ǰ˸Ϊ£
˺ƾðһʾַֻһݼŮӣĿǰݼȴûгֶ֣һصˣ˶޷⡣
ɱһµߣûѶȣοַıû֧֣ɱ˾ɱˣһԪڵĸ֣һʮҵԪڸ֣Ѿˣô붼ȥˡ
ԣѦ²ûж֣׶ԷĻǶԷĿںܽû˵
Ѧ¶С׵ظҲԪڸ֣Ǻַ֮£²Ҫ֡Ƿһ顣
ѦԼһ飬˵һԪڸ֣ϾԼһ֮ݲͣǹҵĻοԼҲһԪڵĸ֣ԷַЩ飬ǲΪһû˺Լ
СҲ밡Ҳ޲ַȥζַȥԼڱַƣԣСƴҲַ¡
С˼ҹܶˣ˭Ҫַ磬ȹһء
ѦаǮٳǲ˵ַıûôһǿߣ˿Ѧַ米û˵Ļֻһ̫ԭֳôĶѦЩԥˣַߣַĳɳٶȣԺ϶һУɱһ˲õô죿
Ѧ¾ˣȹϵϣ֪ôˡַسַ粻δ棡ߣǣųɹַܷŹɱַ磬ַ罫е鶶˳ȥһѪ׷鵽ǮٳͷԼҲ군
˿̣Ѧ»֪ǮٳѾˡ
Ѧ¾ˣɱɱ˵
ַǰСվһѦ±õ񣬵ҪɣˮԥԶ˴£
ַ˵ûҪΪһǿߣϰǻڹǶթĻעЩ׷ȨʵԶɲ˶֡
Զ⿴ԣæߵ˵ֵǣһʵ¡
ɱѦһγһΧȦַСװΧ棬Ķ֮Ƕʮȴǰԭǻ
ѦºһԪͬʱСףҲףҪɱַ磬϶ҪȰвԪڸֶ֣ԱߵСϺҲ岻֣˶ַȥ
һ׹һС׵гһɫħȡ
ٻС׵Ļ䣬ռ֮۳һƵƽˮͻȻһʯͷǧĲơ
ٳС׵ͻȻоһͻȻ½µĲʼЩң
ʲô
ħʦȻħʦ
λԪڸ𾪲ѣħʦְҵҪΪߵ츳ֱһҶ˵ʣħ֮٣ַôʶôһǿħʦ
СͷųٻͬʱԼȴڼ¼ٵĳˣ֮ϵħȹâʢ۳ʵʵĵâԪֵͷȥ
λԪڸֶһۣԺһ
ˢˢ彣ͬʱʣ֮Ϲλƣ˿ٵ趯űͬʱһɽʽ

ɽ۾΢΢ҡҡͷص̾һ
ѦһԪͬʦܸ࣬ͬɽӣֻɽΧӣرĵͣ˵Ϊ䣬ɽΧ֮УֻĴƴ֮£˲뿪ɽףıҵ
мһ֣֪ûСѦº͸ʹĽµɽɽֻľԽߵˣʹԽʹĽֻһƤëѡ
˽һ֮âʢС׵ĵϵħȻ˲һޱȣǵصâ֮ȫʧӰ١
ɽӣС׵ɫͱ䣬μȥ
ºɽӣ
С״Цţǰɽ֮£λҺգʹ˵İٷ֮һǿ˽һоͽҴĺ޻֮ʹĽûýɣܲ͸磡ʱҸûл֮
Ѧ´ŭɽģ


089 ̣
Ѧº͸ϵķǳĬ˶ʹһһ˵ӰâƶС׿񱼶ȥ
סȥ·Ѧףħʦǳ£ħʦħ඼Զ̹ɱڰ׿⣬ߵĹΧħʦС̫࣬ħʦҪ취ΪħʦħȻǿ󣬿ǵĽսĿֻҪһͼܽһ߼ħʦǰпɱħʦÿְҵбףûһְҵǹؼ汸޵еģ
ѦΧȦסС׵ȥ·ǵʮ˸սӵ׼ж֮ʱͻȻһž޴ĵͷϸЩ˻ûзӦͱȫ鴤ʧȥս
СףЩ˶סȥ·λԪֽĻԼʮġǣСʹһħЩȫŵȻɱЩˣһʱЩ˶ʧȥսԼвħһٰƽ˶ʮˣҲСײٵħС׵ĶͷѾ˺ˮ
С׿ʼλԪڸζţʩչħˣ˵ٶжż˵ĽС׶ἰʱĳħܣԷĹжΣ
Сֻ֪ʱסԷԷҲҲԼǳ֮ƣħʦǳʿڣ϶ǱȲģ˲ħħǳȻԼǣסԪڸ֣ڱ˵￴ħʦͣȻܺԪڸִ˸ƽ֣СԼףԼΪͶԷ޼һǣֻǣưСʱСװеַϣ
СţַޣȫԽЩ˺ƬСƵǣַڱʮ˰ΧվСèȻڹ·ߴź࡭

ʦȥַʦܵæ
Ҫ֣ıĳһ֣̣
Σֻ

ͬʱʱַλֵĹĸ֣ҪɱһŲߣ˵׾ٵ£ҪԿλ֣һҪֹ˵ĹڲԶ⣡
ַ羫õ£ĸ˺ǳĺ飬֮ϵ޷죬˳ֻʱеĳĸλͬʱַе·
ԣĸһٽַɱȻ˵ĸѾ쾳ĸ֣ĸ˻Ҫȥɱһûдﵽ쾳ˣ´ȥȷӶַѾɱ½£ĸѾɵټַ˲žսپ
׳գַ簵
ַ罫תޣĸ˵ĶţһĻԴַĸͻ쾳Ժ󣬾Ѿһµľ磡κеϸڿĸӵ˼άҲӵַľûͻʱֵٶ԰˫Ŀɨ֮ҲǺܿ죬˵Ķַţһ
Ȼˣַ粢Ҵ⣡ΪַٶȺľ粻һϵģȻԷٶȱַֻѣʵĿռ֮УٶޱȾˣοĸֵĹַԿģ
סңûţ˳ͬʱַٴʹԼǿļܣ
˱˲˶һڵͷ½µһģһеɣ룬һŵȥˣĵѾ˶ԷĲ֮ϣǸ϶һغǾؼʱ̣еĵˣǶôץͱһ£
ȱиɻܲ͸磬޵ĹûȫʹһӾͱˣַϽץᣬſյתһʹôУһȥɣ̰ǹ£
һĵˣַ󲻱һʼʹôУԼĵĸ֣ѹƵĻԼ޷֮գսɣս֮űزٵãַΪˣַ취ʤ
ַ緢֣Լͻƣ̰ǹУַµʶԼĸûͻ֮ʱַΪԼȫеİŸľַ緢֣вߵһÿιͼ֮е߸λΪһ㣬ÿι߱ӳɣҿԽÿһ߸з䣡½µַֻĽûл֮˵¡
ַǽһ̰ǹ£ԼֻѧϰһƤëѣĽ裬򵽵ġ
һ³ʣڶ¶
ַһʹһǳɣۣиɻ
ĸַҵĹʹԼǿ似ֵȥ˲ûܣַ½һսʱѾ޷ܵģƽеİأȻԻ⽣Ǵʱеձַգһʱ޴룬ַжϵķǳľ׼յʹ̰ǹ¡
Ȼַ˸յռȻǶԷϾ֣һĸһ˵Ļ϶Ჽ½µĺ󳾣֣ǺεȵǿַĹ˷ϵķǳĬţԼˣҲҪַһ£
ת֮䣬һͬԵϢս֮ϱ˵ֵַ繥ķʽǳرǰȫж˴ܵĹǰжȥ㹻ʱһߵֵַĹһ߳ﻮ͵Ϯַ磡
ͣ
ַʱ򣬴֮ϱһȭɨʱƤѪ졣̹ǵʹûӰ쵽ַĶʱ΢ķģͿܵɥԷȭַĸַƾŵ԰˫Ŀɨ裬նҪλ˺
彣ʱַźݺݵİһƣַһѪ֮󣬽µĲûиı䣬ֻ屻ļȵĺڼҪȥʱַ˵
ַÿһĸֺϻɷϣַȫԷַĹɢͬһʱһڷ˹
ַоĸڱԼ˵ͬʱһڵֵԼǿƹһڰȻַһû˵ֹתۼ˿̵ַȫĸֵԼʩչ̰ǹ£ˣԼɣ
˿ֻһЩңûˡ˿̵ַоؿڻһʹղŵһƣԼ߹ѶϣҷѾѣַʹ಻ѡ
ļˡʦٲַ֣ʦܾûˣ
쿴ַһнĸֱˣҲ󺰹񫣬ţԼʦܶսǲƽأǿĸֵķַվ޶ԣڼˡ
̣仰


090 ŵ
ʦʦܾûˣĲУüëˣ̣
ڻǳֵʱ򣬷ǱһжƾУĶǧѷ꣬󾭹һսĻΪַֻߣȱԵĥĥҲģ׼ֱӵġڳְĻĸͲǰõģĿǰַ綼ûΣգ־ˣҪؼʱȥȣҲ˵ڵȵҪһɲǣѾ־磬ʱ־İʦɽĥһĵ
ƶǶĵ˵ͷȻ͹ʦÿɽ򲻹ĴħޣÿζŰİֻʣһʱžңÿҶΪԼˣʦͳˡҾ˵ÿôôɺϣԭʦǿұħŰǲǣ
ûĵ⻹Ϊã֮𣿣
첻ĵҲûҸʲô
ŭ޶ۣһֺĶ㵱ʱûָоѾΪˣһЩﳡʱȻеĵ
ʦȥһܰҲҸ򰡣ÿζЩҰ޲ĺûþû͸ֽˣҳְɡ
̣
̣
Ҳû취иżʦʦ̣ҲֻˣзǳĿܲˡ
ĸͻȻڸ֮ͣ˳ȭ˳ƣֱ֮϶ǿžž죬ǳƵλ֮дɫУаĿֲ氤һҲˣ
ȭཻǰһɫӡһţһǿ˵ǰγһתУѸٵɢ
˲ûַʹþУ
ַɵ˵ʹǽˣĸֶԸһ컹ûˣȻ˸ƽ֣˱ѡͬʱַļܺͿֲĹ似п־岻ѡ˭ַ֪ûУ
ԣ˾ʹþһɱַ磡ַûκλ֮
޾л໥ƣ۽ӣһϢϢֱַ硣
һֻǼӵʱ䣡
ϵ似Բʮ׵ĵطγһǿ֮еκζɱķ飡˿̵ַվķΧ֮ڣǿַƤʹַ˫ȭգȫתĬһķеǽĻӶ
ô졭
ַǰ޽·Ҳô죡
ǽǽ
ǽڶʽǷô
ͼһ
ޱȽҪͷַͻȻоһһĽַʶٵγɣԼ벻ͨһӵõ˽
ַȻȣǽڶʽŵ죡
ַеǽͻȻֶַ˷ٵתܶʱǽâʢĽӰǧѹĻַܲ͸磬ʵʵ
ĸֵĹĸλɽһϯ˰ҵ֮ʱȴַȫһתĹĻеĹһ˿ĺ˹֮ϡ
䣡
䣡

һָоһĪΣճ
˵ĹǺεȵǿţһԷǿķͻ߽⣡ϾԷΪ̫ˣ쾳綼û
˵Ĺͬһʱ乥ǵ뷢ĹĻ֮ϣ򵽹Ļ֮ʱ˵ͬʱһУУã
䣡
һ춯صıըĻƣַһɽһΡΡһ£ǴʱַѪɫҰףеǽݺݵĲڵϣ֧ҡҡ׹塣
ڹĻƵͬʱĸеĹ˹չѾˣɣǱԼȫһǺεȵĿ£ĸĸ˷һ˷ƮȥƮ˶ʮԶźȻء
ԭԭˣ
ַ֮ڸǽڶʽţһʽ̰ǹһһֱǰĹУ׳ʵһȥζڶʽŵ죬˵һȫ͵Ľ˵ǽ˵һƣâǧϳһͼȫֻҪ˵ĹƲͼȫȥ
ȻַĲʹŵַ̰֮ǹµĵ߽ŵ죬ҲǷ߸У˽ַʹ󣬷ǰе϶Ϊһγ˵߽û˷ͼ̰ǹµĵ߽;ŵԭһµģֻҪǰһͻγɵ߽
ǽʦʱ̰ǹ£Ȼ̰ǹµ߽ԭڶоŵ죬ѭĴ졣
ַ磬˵ڶоŵ죬Ծŵԭ˵һʽ̰ǹµĵ߽ǽ滹ŵĻ˿̿϶Ŀڴ°Ͷˣϻˣ
ַȻѪҡҡ׹˷ˣûһ˸ǰһЩ˵ĸַֺֻУĸ־ͱˣ֪Ȼַ翴ˣǸ޵Ŀ־Ӱֲǣˣʲôʱ˭ϣ˭˭ĥʯ
ַĿ⽫ֳɨһ飬Щ˿ַħ˫˲˸
ַĿ䵽Զϣĵ⣡㲻ɱԭΪ˻ֱû뵽һ˲֮ˣЩ޳ܵС˶һ֮ѣ
뵭Įǳ侲ַ磬е鶼޹أҲ޹أҶǱƲѲűˡǮٳѾһжˣžսһУҶ֪ΪߣŵĴͱװͷҺֻʮżھþƵ긽ļƻźŻƴ֮ǵȥʰо֣˳ȳݼǣû뵽ôӡɱҶ˶û뵽ôһһޣУҸ㣬Ԫ֣ȫǳģû뵽ǣ߻иԪħʦգ޳ְĻ㻹һڿˡ
ַĵ⣬˵ôϻ𣿾ҲǱǣˣôֻǮٳǵ߹ǵˣ
Цţַ磬˽࣬һսҲĿˡ
˵ôϻҪɱңҵҪҪ˵ʲôַͲأ˵Խ࣬Լиʱָ
ʱĽҲڰΪַָŹҩȫַ̲ֻҪַˣȫЩΪַ˺ͻָĻʱԻַָĹǻַָƣǸ÷ǳ󣬺롣
ַȻָûʲôã岻κκ֢ǽΪַָĻЩַַ΢С˺Щ΢˺Ϊһľ磬ͻͻʱƿ
Ǵʱ˿ַ̣Եĵ̫࣬һһֻܰаַָһЩ
¸㣬ʮǰҲˣǮٳҵʦܣȻħ´ʦӡЩһֱ̫ԭأԶķƽĶȹ°뱲ӣ㲻㣡һûȨûûԼŶˣʮǰۿǰΪұԼŮˣʮǰЩӣŵļգݴΧɱңԼŵķĹˣûиҸûиҵķӡ⿪ҪõʧȥһУҵ˼𣿡


091 Ҳɱ
ַ絭ĵף˵ŵĳֱ̫ʦӡ˹Ļ䣬СС̫ԭȴ˵һˣûûȨûԼ˶ˣһ㣬ᣡΪû˶ңݺңΪûȨԣû˸ңңΪû˶۸ңɱңԣʧȥһкֽ⿪˷ӡԣһ̶־ȼǣ⣬һ㲻ףʲôʧȥˣ㶫ɽ㻹𣿡
ĺʲôһ£УΪһݳŵΪػˡ
û˵ȥͷԼǻԵЩ
ԱߵĽһһ㶵ģԭһжǮٳǵļıΪʲôҪ˵Щأô
ַоĵһԵˣ϶ǱǮٳץס˰ѱΪǮٳ£
ͻȻ͵̧ͷһĿַ磬ַ磬Ҳɱ㣬Ϊһˣ죬Ϊ˱ԼŮ˷ܲҪȥҺܸжҵôҵŲûǽ죬ұһսҲʲôźΪ㲻Ҿûа취ȥ뱣ˣΪ˱ҪˣԸҵΪۣ
ַĳǮٳҲ̫ˡǧ㣬ֻǸǮٳ˼¶ѣɱǮٳǿ⣬˳ĿеĲҵųɹһҲȫˣֻҪɱԼеһ඼ǮٳǴӴ̫ԭһ죡
ַҸɣǮٳǱҴˣҲǮٳǼƻġǮٳѾɱˡ
ʲô˵ǮٳˣⳤͣŵĿַ硣
ǵģˡɱŵġ
ֲáֲǮٳǸϢ֮󣬵ôһ⳵ϣǷֻԭ
ַǮٳˣץİѱҲӦû˰ɣҾҺ㶼ܺߣ֮ûдȥıҪˡ
ִˡһҪɱ㣡
Ϊʲô
εĵȻǮٳձɣǮٳǾȹΣͬ죬֮ܲɱҵľˣ˵ҪҪɱ㣿
ַΣǸַۣȷԼˣһֱˣ֪ͼˣֵ𾴣
ðɣɡ
ַ磬ݼбǸҪţݼͲ
ᵽݼַһʹŭ⣬ϻ˵ɣ
ȵȣ
Ҳʱݼŭ㣬ݼһսʤ֮䡣գˣҲ֮Σ㹫ƽһսףȻ˴Σһ֣ǿɱģҲ¸㣬ӡ֮ҵΪᵽԪڴԲҲܣַ磬ҽӦһҪ󡣡
ԪڴԲɣַΪսûˣĻֵֹġ
ַһ㶣ʲôҪ˵
չ˺
ַһ㶣ʲô
ֵĿ⣬壬ҲҪչˣ
ʵס
ֱַڵû뵽Ů
ɱ㣬չŮûëɣ
ܣǴڳƴҡͷỨҴСǸ¶ڹ¶Ժûиףûĸף㲻ҵĸףܡܡ
ȻĵͷԲ𣡵ȥ¶ԺҾ޷㣬ΪҺ裬Ҳ֪ʵÿҿ㣬ͻоԼǸˣһֱӱܣ죬ҲӱˣǸˣҲˡ
ס죡ûиףҲûĸף㲻Ҹף
ȫڵĴȻѾ˱Ե
ʵѾĻ
Ȼڹ¶Ժ󣬵ǺͱĹ¶ͬÿ£˸ʳóԵģߡ
֪иĵط徭ԼԼֻҪҪʲô嶼ʲôԼ
һǮٳǣһ⡭
ôÿ죬ⶼӽȥ棬æʱ㽭
ʦǶԽǳĺã㽭ˣٴĴҲֻ䣬֪Լû˸ʦŶԼá
壬Ұְֺ𣿡ǽʱ׿ڸ˵ģ⵱ʱ㶵þúþãһ仰û˵
壬ãİְָöá
壬¶õˣˣ׸

һֱǮٳǺǽĽ꣬ʽѧҵ󣬷ǳ˳ûκ谭ֱӽ飡
ԼǶô˳ôãһУ̶̵ļʱȫˡ
Բ𡭡˶ԲĲ֪˵ʲôˡ
ҲҪĶԲ˵Բʲôãǰ˵Ǹˣԭ˵裬㺦裬Զԭ㣬ûĸף
ɫһƬҰף˿̵ǿľôãƲסԼ
ˮڴǿ˳̧ͷַ磬ַ磬һˣͽˡ˶ⶾǮٳǰµģһԶҩÿ궼ҪһνҩҩֻǮٳУǮٳˣԣѰҽҩ£ҾͰˡ
ԭˣַŭǮٳôݣԼߵ˶ƣ
Ǯٳǿҵİѱ̫£ɲʲô£ҵ޳ɣҶˡ
ַһǳͬ⣬ˣһ̫ˡ
̾һһɲߵϢϴ˹ַӲܡ
áַǳᶨҴӦ㣬չ˺Ů
ַ֪Ѿ
ԲַԼȥȥѰҽҩôһִˣǮٳǾȹΣһʵǮٳǵıǮٳô⣬Ǯٳ֮иģ
һ𳤴ͬʦֵܣôûи飡ԣʼҪַһսҪȥǷǮٳǵծ
ҲҪչˣҲҪչˣŭţݺݵĿַ硣
ַҲףԼڽǰɱĸףȻԼչ𣿶ộ
ַȻ⣬Ҳɱ㡣
ҵһЦҲɱ㣬֮ʼһս
ַȣ⣬ִô꣬ˣŮһҸطʼµǸ𣿡
ЩҵѾˡְɣ
ַ¶ɫ治ɱ㣬Ҫɱ㣡
ɱ㣬ҲܵŮ氡ʲôأ
ʵַ粻֪˻ǷǮٳǵĳ⡣ôˣȥԼӣŲԼŮŹӲдһ
ַ翴ĳҲĳӵԼиַ磬Ϊַһˡ
ǸˣӵףôȻû˵ԼĸףһֱӦ£
ֿֿɺޣôԽİûиı
һɲǼ䣬Ѿԭ˸ףԼ˸ףȴҪʧȥס
ЦܱЩ޳ܵǧ򱶣ɣַ磡˾ͲҪģ
۾Ǳ᷽ضˣ㸺·󣬲˱áǵס˾ͺãҪɱǣҪַԺԼȥַҶš


092 ޵
ʦȥ﷽ɣȥַ磬ַǸиŮģʦܿŮ˵ġָԶĽ
˦Դһ£ôһŮҿΪʦǰѴɣͲŮˣ
һЩ꣬ʦװģŶˣʦ¼ʦĸ
Ц
ͷְһ£ɥʦĸ˺ܲģʦôãʦΪʲô϶ʦĸء
ɫЩ࣬£ʦĸѾסǵۣҪʦĸҪȻӣˣսһЩע̬仯
ϡ
ڿԴˣ˷ܵսصĿ
ҹıȽ磬˿ѻɣԲĵ֦ͷĵ֮мɫڻ谵Ĺ̻֮һͷף
Ѧº͸˺С״Ȼ죬ãͷͷϣðẓ̼́ĺú̿ˣԶСȻûʲôˣǳħ֮ʱǿļܹħϵĹâԽԽԽԽʱҪʧһ㣬ɫҰףǺһͷţһ㴭ŴϵķȻͣЪһһĹˣ
ʼ̽ԹǹʵٵĴйȫһƴ
ȴֹУΧ۵Ȼ޷֣Ƕڵȴ͵ϮС׵ĻᣡֻҪС׵ħɲǼͣЪС׵мͻϮǣЩͻϮûһε֣Сɱ
Ѧº͸ȻңʵˣС׿ȥ࣬ħľ޴Ѿ֧ŲסСײҪǣסѦº͸ˣҪʱ̷˵͵ϮħʦƷǳȻħܱţħܵ඼ӦѦº͸˵ĹĵطЩ˾ŲڹߣֻҪȫһħܶᱻƣСˣС˵³Ǿ·һ
С׷ǳļѣҲַǱߵǳĲȻַĸ֣С׸оǳĿ£ԪֻҪ¼֣
УӰֵаϢԼƲˣǧܺ⶯֣Ȼɣ
С׷ǳַ磬ַ֮ԼϵַˣԼҲң
СʱʱĿԶԶĵطڴź˯Сèڲͣţ밡ɣ춯ҡģô˯
񰡣ɡ
ٲҺ˶군ˡ
СûõģСèɺ˯̤ѵӡˣ˭Ҳûעһ·ߵСè
СһֱѦº͸ζţҺͶСףʱȥԼħþôʱֻκ׸
䣡
Ѧº͸ǿƹ֮£С׵ħڱƿ޴Ʊħжȥ߰˷ʣµǽС׻ɣСڿѪǲʾץסᣬС׷׷ʹ˼ܣ
ССҲǰҰ
СȻλڷħɢɱЩߣ׾٣
һĵ˲ͽ˻˻ҽߵҲûиǰһ
ɣ
Ѧº͸С״ϢĻᣬлûɽ޴ĽӰɫĽĻСϯȥ
С׽ʩչеħͣĻӶƻŽĻ
СһˣٶʼûнĻٶȿ졣
С׽ǿĽĻƻ߰˰ˣĴС׵ϴС׵屻Ѫ
Сҡҡ׹ƯڿУ˫֮ðѪ⣬ݶĶѦº͸ˣһðɣǱҵģҺľħҲҪǶ˳ȥ
С׵Ļ˵꣬˵ĹѵСʩչƯƮ׸ߵĿУ˵Ĺ˫ֽշȣһ޵
˿̰еҪ־СףСϵȻ˼ΣȻȫʢ֮ʱǿһ
ûг֣ڰеȴ̬ķչ
СеħͻȻһɰɫ۵ĹâռһɲǼĿհףһӣǿħħϱŷһԵֿħʣ˷ɢȥոճǰѦº͸˱һԿܵײ˳ȥֱӺʮײסΡ
ţ֮ƹһˮͰڿ裬޾ĺ֮Сռ¶Ȼ½ŭĩһ㣡
ÿж޵Ŀ־壬ʲôħһԪڵĸ֣ôǿĹ˸оħɵĻ϶еˣ
ҪֵַҲǿϢڣ
Ѧº͸亹գд󾪣ѵǴ˵еĽ䣡
Ѧº͸ȫתС׵ķȥҪֹСʩչ䣡ǿħûʩչʹǿ֮СʩչǶ˿
С׿ŸӳɬԶַоС׵ǿʼš
СףҪʲôͣ£ַоС׵ڿٵţôһǿСܣɲˡ
Сײûͣ¡
䣡䣡䣡
ħǸոտʼн۾һϵ˷ֱȥΧСܱߵĵͼǣðŰ׹⣬ڵľѪ˲䱻գһ߾ߵĸʬ˵ϡ
ôǿѦº͸ֹס˽Ųˣǰ
С׵ϣС׵ϹŲҵЦݣһеһɷףͻȻ䷢֣Լʹ֮ݽߣҲ˵һ
ǰһλ˾սˣδ޷ʹý䣡ҵģʮ׵ϵħ䡪޵ڳˣҪ
Ѧ´УôˣǸóɽ֮е򽣹һ
ףһҪС׵Ľ֮ǰħ룡
Ѧº͸˶һۣ˵ʽȫһг裬ѱӰЩӰ˵֮¿ٵʵʻڻǧĹ⽣ı˿֮УƱ
죡
Ѧº͸ͬʱһѹ⽣򵶽âĳգС׵ķϯȥ
ߣ
С׵Ļ䣬Сһӽħ˼Σ֮Ϲĺγһɫâǽ磬£ķ˹ȥ
˿˿
˿˿
â֮б޵ɫ磬еĽʵķ飡·һﶼ޷赲ɫɣ
𾪣ôǿ
ţ޴â޵ըףƲɵĴ£ϵУ
䣬޲𹥻ַȻҲȦڹΧ֮ڣ
âĵɾ޴ķԽ磬緶ΧڵĵɽʽĴţ


093 նɱԪ
С׵Ĳٿ֮£ǧݺύ糤۾һ㣬е˶ŵϴһŵĵ֮ϱըǿĵžţЩͼߣͳܲסǿĹûмӣеĵͼȫҷ𣬱ޡ
λԪڽ֮ڼɹǱ˸оеĵǿȶһµģǱڽڣȥ֮ڲƿ磬˾ͺһɢ
䣡
һҵĹŽ磬˾ʹǽûһѵļ
˿̣ûַ磬һ˾⣬ߣǽ
˿̵⣬ѾǸֵ⣬ȫһַǳڰаϢȫƣַҲУǵⴥһ˲䣬еĵⶼᱻ֮ɢһʴȻϵǿĺҲı䵭
ַмĵ˵ͷⱣԼԼڿѾ飡
촫ͽҪܷˡ
ܹʵΪʲôʦ
˵ĺʦܶɱǰĽѵ̫ˣС˾Сˣ
˵һ㶼ûдԼûˣʹý֮ǰûַ֪ͨ磬ַһµԼҪˣ϶Ҫַ汳ģ
֪˰ַ磬Բôѡ񣡿ǣûлˡ
˿̵ս֮УֻʣԪڸַǽԾԾԣ˻͵ϮλԪַ֣־µĵ⣡ַоԼ尤һֵ⣬ô϶Щȥһһ߸ʬ
֮СףеħȲͣЪڴǿħʱһһĹȥҲٵţѾļȵʱضпħݽߣϵ
⣡㻹֣ȴʱѦһܣһŭš
⾲վں𻰡֣ԼֵĻܲƿ粻˵ǽ϶ַҲԼһ£֮ǰһ°ɣ
С׿ַڿԼ֮ǵͨģǾַ֪С׵ʲôСȴַ֪ʲôַȻͨԼ໥Ϣַ֪СɱԼ
̵ģǩԼôɣԼҪɱԼ˱Լộ
ַҲԼСףǸûãѾջأ
СȼʹĽ䣬ʱԽС׵ΣԽַ֪Сάֲ˶ãС׹ˣԪûйҵĻ϶ԼսҲԪ֣ˣ
ԣҪɱԪ֣СףֻҪԼôͺã
⣬ܱܲɱȥʱַи󵨵뷨
Ҳַ˼ԣұĻҵֻάң
ַǽȣһӾ͹ˣ
ã
⽫ڻûоܾǽĬĬڸ׵ţŸ׵ů
߶Źȫĺ׳һȦַ磬ַĺ棬Ԫڸֳ˹ȥ
⣡ʲô
⣬ͽ
Ѧº͸ַ˹֪ҪԸԼˣƿڴ
ַϢȻɢѦº͸̰࣬ǹ£
ַڳˣǽ֮һȵҫ۵ͼƾճֵ֣ǣͼ֮еѸٵĽΧ֮߰ڵĵȫգ⼸׷ΧڵĿռ·һ֮һգ߸һ´߸λѦº͸ɱ˹ȥ
ַɵˣԼڽİ¸ջָ޳ɹֻɹôǿȴʮҷһ֮Уͼ˲ı仯еΧ׵磬תǽ˹˹ȥ
Ѧº͸˸Ǵ󾪣ȫתˣƴĵֵƾǿԼԤţħ϶ļܳŵƽ⣬ôСȻֵ
Ҫͷַˣһߵǵصϯȥ֮ռĵⶼתΪ߸¹˵֮ʱߵһ׶೤ĽѾף
һɲΥѦº͸һɹɵѹȸкϢ˾ֹѾԪڵķ룡㣿ɲǼ䱻ţ
䣡
ڱըһ˲䣬еĵⶼַһ֮Уűը˲һ̳ɢȥѦº͸˱һƬģ࡭
ַͽı֮°Ȼɫǳѿϵĺըľ޴ɵޡ
С׶ʱоһѣΣ׶ĸ߿֮׹¡
ַߵС׸ǰС׷ǳ˧ϿʼһƣﲻͣѪ
ˡҡСƺûˣһϢֱİ󣬿ַ硣
ַһ²֣ȻСɱԼǵȷղŵסԪ֣ΪԼס˴УǾ仰ַ粻ˡַҲûоСס
Ҳɱ㣬ΪҡҲ㣬ΪɱңӽԺǸǷһ´μ棬Ǿǲݣ
ҡҡͷδ̫ˡһȥ˷󡣡
ֹţʺҲƨɡ
˵ʲô
Ц˵ȥ죡
쵰ĸͷϺݺݵһ£ڶˣٶ֡

⣬û뵽ǿֵزڽ֮±˻ȻԽǿԽϲַ֪ⲻһսսȻŵһַ˺ܶ࣬ҸԼ߽ʹʲô
ãȻⲻһսô룡ܵסȫһ㲻
С׵Ľά࣬ⲻҪԿҪߵĽ֮Ȼ˷ӡΪĺڰſԵֵסС׵Ľ䣡ӵкڰԵ϶Ѧº͸һ㣬ֿ
ַɱ⣬Ϊִа֮ˣΪȨλһеˣһԵˣֻһ£ΣʱûбԼŶѣοղⲻϧķѹԼһԼɱԪ֣ʣɱһˣǺֵʹ࣡
ðɣַҲܽȫһҲ㲻
壬ȻָòãҴôãûгأ

ӴЦͻȻϧ֮С
ЦĺˬǧһսˣҶ㵱ֵܣÿ궼ǰ㣡
ַҲЦķǳˬ죬ãһսˣҲֵܣÿķǰ㣡
ַףԴĺĵˣҪȶԷĺԸַǳˬ֮еˣҪƽľҲֵãַѾ⼤еս⣡ԼȫôԷԼҲڣ
˲ְԼַ϶Ǹ˷ⲻǰ׳գǶֵ𾴺ͶԼ𾴣


094 Ǻһ
ַָܿ죬ڽİʮӾͻָȫʢʱڡ
ʮԣңң϶ʱƣĺаϢַȻаϢڿٵı任ţӵʱʵʻһڵĹһѰѺɫһϣ˸ڵĹâһ㣡
ı仯ַоֺڰϢûаĸоһޱǿĺȻ˿̵һΡΡɽһ֮У˭޿ɺ
ô£ַǳĳԾڰа䣬ɱ¾Ϊʲô˿ϵϢ壡ǿ޿ɺĸо
ַ磬ַϵƷǳƽһŲתӦеƣûѹȸУûǿϢûΣԣַ籾ΪͷǳĵͣҾս̫٣ϸûĥָӦеƣ
˿̵ַһֱһ㣬һһֱôܺһֱ󿹺⣡
ԪڴԲԣ
ַĴ֮ѾϢȻõĲԼַڲǾŲ֣ԪڴԲһʮĸ֣ǱȺڰԸǿĴĴ˵еİ
⿴ַԾı飬ַ磬ǲ÷ӡսҲõĻ㷽ɱѦº͸һнҸסΪ˹ƽڼ䣬ȳУǿңҲôֻɱˡ
ַЦһй̰ǹ£һзΪ߽߽ʼ޷ڷŵս֮УһӺˣ
̰ǹ£
ַĿǰǿֻһУַ׼ʹĵ߽
һͼ֮ߵһΪһ㣬һʵԵ°ǿ˹ȥ
ԭز£İһž޿һ㣬γһɫתУ˽ȥ֮һжָƽʲô¶ûз
ôǿ
ַеܴµĶûֹͣڶǰȻ߽һϵͬһ˹ȥ
ַĵڶȻɣΣûô˳֮󣬽ںڶţϵİϢѾһЩķǳ٣
һûжֻתǿİɣ֮ϴһʵʻڵƣƹЩɢһЩȫġ̡һء
չĽӵûκδϢĻᣡĽһڳˣǹ취סַĹԼʵ̫ࡣ
еͼ˫֮дɺɫķѻ߹ͼ֮еߵ֮лȥӹѾַ罣Ŀĺܼ򵥣ƵͼͻƵ
ַһЦʱ½һսʱ½¾ƵԼһʼʩ
ͼԻΪߵ㣬Ϊһ㣡ʵ֮ʵ֮ͼԼݻһ㣬ߵ㻯Ϊһ㣬һֻкҴСţƹĹ߹ķ϶֮д˺ɫ֮Ӧеһ׶೤ͷβȻϵһ㡣
ɣ
Լƽ֮ʧܣֹʼݣɵ˽⡣ȫһؿ֮ǰĺɫпٵĺɫȫġֶ̡˼硣
աַĵĽ彣ⲻҴ⣬˹ȥ
ֱϣȫǺϵѾʧһ룬Ǿ͵ķӡѾʧȥһ룡
ϣַϵƷ·Ȼʵ֮ϣַһڵѾĳɣַ֮ԲֻĳɹΪһеչڣ󽭾һը˿
һǿַϱըķϢغ϶Ϊһ϶Ϊһһַ̣оԼǵأ죡Լܣκεĵ˶һֻһС
ǿϢֱ̲ס޵ѹַĵ˶ȥʲôܣô
ַ籩ȣ̰ǹ¡һ
ַǳȻľ֮лԲȦǽ趯֮һתİɫ˳ųĺۼͷβӣγһԲȦһɫԲַǰ
һԲ³ڵգţڶһֱһǳɣԲγһȦַΧٵתţÿ֮аž޴ЩѾͨĹڽľˮַҲ֪ЩǺһļܹڽľˮԵһ֡
ַǽַһֱΪҲڽԵķ룬鴫ڸʱҲû˵ֻһעǽ˵ԣĽͬѡַ翪ʼʱҲû⣬ֻǰսһ˿йоصڣַоǽͲô򵥣
ʱַʽǽǺֵȼؼʱ򣬽Ҳַ磬ֻ˵ž񽣺һսҲ˲ٿɼǽ֮
ڵַ֮һ˿գ֮пտҲǣʱַΧûɢǷǳйɵΧַתţЩ򲢲ҪǾַľ޵ǿûͻ쾳ʱ򣬾ѾԽ쾳磡ԣ˿̵ַȫԿЩ̰ǹµһ߽
Ǵʱַ粢û֣Ǳ۾վԭأһָһЩһָʱ±˴ϣҪȻһеĸ򶼻Ͳǰ
˿ֵ̣ĻõĻᣡⲢûг֣ǾĵȴַĸַҲ֪ⲻ֣Ϊһˣ˵ʱڸһЩַҲִţһһΪ
һôֺһӵʱ䣬ַ˫ĿϹŵЦݡ
ϲ㡣⵭ЦţȻΪַĸˡ
ַ絭Цţܵõ˵ףѵá
һЦҿĳΧǳǿ󣬵Ǵ˿Ѿûһ˿ɱңһڣҲĨɱ㣡
˵ʵַϵһ㣬ô׼𣿡
ɣϳǰδеĽǰתޡ
ַľǽǰһ㣬һͼͼһ֮һԲȦԲȦ֮ϣһСڻתţţַ֮ϵųһֱ߿ٵķɽǸԲȦ߸ҴСΧһȦǿ֮ϵ򣬰ԼĹ켣תţ߿֮俴ûκεϵƺΪһ壬ָоǳĹ죡
תûһ˿ַԼоǰȦһ˿һ˵۾ȥǰȦͲᷢĴڣƺǰһֻûעѣ
˫͵ĵУޣУȻ
ܿ͸һ֮⣬ˣַ綼֪ô£ֻвԻоǰȦƺһûУһ裬һֱ϶ɱָоǰȦǿޱȣ̺Իأ
ַһǺһ


095 ǿߣ
߸ССʼںصں֮һѼ͸ĳͺǽһ޶ֱӷüģûж㣬㣬Ͷ㲻һִѭ쾭壬һȻԷˮԼʼն㲻һ٣
˵ʵַĵ߽̻ûʱ䣡ַһʩչַţ´ʩչĻ㹻
ʧüģʲôûз⿴ַ磬ĵӮˣչ˺
ҴӦ㡣һ𾴵Ķ֣֮ǰҪַ绹οŮԼûʲôв
ⲢûתͷԽи£ϣŵԡ
ְ֡ˮֱڴӺ汧סԼĸס
ӣ׿ںһְ֣ҲĿˡĻ䣬˫ۡ
ְ֣㲻Ѿԭˣְ֣
ޱȵַͻȻһյĵͻȻһӿ˽ʧȥеָұǰ˼
ûַͻˣʵַʹõ߽ʱַͻˣս֮ͻƾһֳֺõ£ǸʱԼĵ߽ûд꣡ͻƵĻԼ϶ᱻɣ൱أַǿľѹȵ߽֮ͻƣʱ򣬾ɱҲ⣬Լͻ쾳磬Ҳһս֮ⶼַƺõģ
ַҲף̰ǹµ߽Ȼȫͬھʽʹõ߽ڵᱻȫջΪȫɾƣַԼȣֻǷأַ磬ַ꣬ŻУַͬʱֵĻ˾ͬھ
ַͻ쾳磬Ϊֽһ㡣
ȥȰһˣ̵ģĵ߽˷Ҷﴫļ䲻
ַһ͸ԵͬʱǹǿȻ͵߽ĹյһɶȻǵĴԣǽĿ£ֻ΢΢ѡ
ֱַӶǰְ顣
һɵַ˳ֱַĨ֮йǸʹĻ䡭
ĨȻǸ˵ˣܳΪֵˣ˸ûйϵ
˿һˣ±ӾͺŮúõɡ
ְѾûˣЩʹļȫĨˣʣֻпֺҸúչ
лл㣬ַ磬лл㡭֪Ǹмַ磬Ǽ˷쳣
⺢ӣ̫ˡҡͷַɱ˺ǮٳǵΣԾͲô˵ˡ
Իѡɱ⣡ɱ
ڵˣʲôɣ˾ǵˣ־Ƕֻ֣еˣܰģ
ַǳ磬֪Ŀ£
ַֻԺˡ
𣿡ɵͷɵԵʵ
ߣ̫ˣֻԿ

˰㲻㣬ѧǽڶʽ˵һʽһУ治֪˵ǱأͷˡУʹһʽĵ߽ôʹһ㶼һ߽ǳ֮ǰӵľűǿޱȣôоʹĵ߽ûаǳ֮ȴôһ΢棬Ǹ㲻ף㲻ס
ʲôַǷ߽ʱǸһַǳȻĶһָоûа취˵
һ֣Ȼ֮һѭ˳Ȼ˵һжˣɸı˼ⲻΥ棡
⣿ˣֶҲţ
㲻ţʵҲŰҾ񽣾Ĵڣϲ춷񶷣ͷ򶷣͹򶷣Ķҵԭ򣬸ԭ򱳵ۣԣ벻ͨĵطʹĵ߽ǳڰаһôǶԵģһȻ֮ȥֻأ԰ΣʱҲﲻ㡣
ˣ飬˵ЩҲҲǲʲô⣬ԼУַ˵仰ʱЩ飬ԼԼһԼǱŪӣãԺʱԼԷ̣
˵ҲԣЩڸ˵ҲǶţ١
ַᣬ˵Ĳԡ
ַܵıֻԾŲΪɱһԪԲ֣ȻԷûг֣Ҳռ˱ˣ廹ǲģǼŬǰˣ㻹Զأڸʮְɡ
ʲôŶʮ֣
㻹ҪôǰˣڵļܣԪڴԲɱ
ַˣЩԼô𣿵齣鲻ƭԼġһΪŲȥɱԪԲ˵ȥ˭ţַҲףԼ϶Ǿ֮һ
㲻Ҫɣǲƭģҵ˶֮ţˣڰҼǿ˺͸սϢ㣬ʱһ¡˯ˣŶУȥСèҲҪһЩеϢ
ַ·ֵԱ߽Сϻ˻
ˣ㶨˯ˡ
ַٴֶַϢȻڲʱ
һƬǽսַ֪ˣֱӵȥƽУȻԲ̫սôãûһܵĵ·Ȼֻź类жϣǰһóȻĳȥ϶˵壡
Լӵ޵Ϣһ˳ȥԪֿ϶ǳԼģҪȻҲɱһûе쾳ˣǲֵģ
СѾʦ־ߣַҲһܵϣҲǳĴַʮ㣡ֱַӳұߵ֣Ź·ߵɽƵУ£
ҹĻѾ٣ҹշǵ׺һ紵ҶƮƮ
Сӣ޽߰ɡ
ĵһѮ߳סַȥ·
Τɣôģĵһַ߳һ࣬ǽַɣ޽ϷϷ֤һȫʬ
ƥ˵ʲôϻʱռһһ߳ַ磬㽫޸ң£ϷΪŵӣһΪ㣬˭޷˺㣡
ˣҲӵ𣿡䣬һ߳ˡ
֣λˣôƽеǸϼһﰡδȵһͷ߳ǰģЩ
ͺӣôֵĳϣôٵأ䣬һЦǺǵĴԶ
ַСĽĿ˶ԪڴԲ֣ôһ³ʲôˣ
ͬΤɣ
Ȫ³룡
⣡
ϳ
˷Ȼ
ƽëԣ
ַһЦΪɱңɽʡϴˣҵӿ󣡡
ΤɵӴΪ޶һսǳʣǶˣҲûкֹȷһ֮ţǱ֮޷պɳض۰һ㽻ޣٽʹõ׽Ǹһȫʬ
Τ˵ķƵһж֮ַЦţСèͽַΪԼ̰ҪСèǽŶûУ
ðֻҪܽסҵĽУҾ͸㣡ַţҲҪһ汳ģ
ΤɵǽޱȣǳǿΪûа취ƽ⣬㻹ûʹʱ˾ͻͬʱ㣡ҲԻɱ㣡ǣ


096 ˭Ҷͽ
ַҲףԷ˵ĻûһԪַ֣һս֮ͬʱַֻ쾳磬ȼĲκʱ򶼲ܺӵģ
ַЦԪڸֻɱһСɽʡ쵱һɽʡĴǾȻ˵ֶԸңһһСǵݶǴŹҵģѵǾҪҼ޳ܵģûм޳ܵģ
Ȼ򲻹Ӳַɴȴһͨ񫡣
ַ䳰ȷ˵ɫǳѿƽĻ˭һС֣Ҫ˵˺ɱһСˣǼʮСɱһǶɱСǶԷްʲôǧĻᣡÿһ޵ĳֶѪȷ磡
ôǧѷĻܴ
ĸ˲õޣڵõϢ֮󣬶ЩȷţʱλǿҲַޣΪϢ̫ˣ˻ܲ޵ջ󣬾ǼϢҲҪһأ
ԣÿ˶͵͵˹֪û뵽ǣϢ©̫ˣ˶˹ʱַ罻ޣ϶Ҫսһ
Τɫ飬ֶֻΣֻ㻹ǰ޽ɣƤ֮࣡
ַЦ²ֶΣͲǿߣ˵ˣֻһҵ׸˭أ
ޣ
СӣУ
ѵϢģ
£˼Ŀˣ沿Ǻ죬мȣްޣ
СӣҰɣҸҺұ֤İȫ
㻹ǸҰɣΪͽ
Ұɡ

ΤŭǶסڣһ֮ʲôӣ
ַҲ⼸˺ƭСһǳĿЦЩô᳤ģô㶨ûУ
ιΤɣ㲻ҪԼΪôһͶָֻŵģǿɲ㣡ֻһ𣿡ͷȻˡ
ΤϣǿΪұǶѵӵ޲ӦȻҲĻҲ˷пս
㡭Ȼһ±˵ˣΤӵвҲûа취
Τ֣˵ҲûĸΪǱǿ˼ԸĻ㻹֮ûаɣ˵ƽëԣëԴʱ˵ΪĹֻΤôһ㡣
Ҫǣƽĸ᳤ѦºһλԪָˣбͲˬǳĲˬ
ΤЦ˼Ҫˣ
ëԵȻһЦ²һ˵˼ɣλֵҲ뷨ɣǲǣλֵܣ
ǣҲ˼
Ҳǣ
Ҳͬ⣡Ǵҵģ
ûȻΪ޶
ΤҧгݵĵðǼǲǣ޶֣ȥ𣿵޵֣Σ
Τ飬в⼸λҲôģ¹ش󣬾ðΣҲҪ
³ֻһô֣󻹲ҪӵĻɽʡһƬңʱ޵鴫˳ȥߺߣ£޵ëûǵķݣ
³˵ûϳǰһ֮䶼ôˣһλõޣԺ϶ѹסǼȵ޳ɳ϶ὫʣµһһĲԣĿǰеһλõޣôļλ϶вὫ޵й¶ȥԲôǳѽΨһİ취ɱˣ
ϳ˵ķǳֱӣʵЩ⼸˶뵽ǳԽ
ַһ翴ϷĿˣ޶֪أȥѽŭţշǳĽš
ַаЦôɣɣôһʰ̯ӡ
᳤ǿɲɵӡ
ëЦǾ޵Ϣѹ𣿾һ˵õô֪ˣҪߣӵеǲҪǣǵʡ飬ʡ滹йܲȥô
˱޵ϢһʱͷԣͻȻϸϸһ룬ë˵ȥýͬһ˾һ˵õ˿϶ϱܲôõ޵˿϶ù
ϳЦһôõǸˣֱӽܲô˻õٺô
˵һѣһȦҪޡ
ַĶͷˣʱҪˣһð취ԵĹƽۣ֪ͯҪҪ
Τɵðɣ˵
ַǳļ򵥣˽ѹƵһƽȵĵȼȻǩ֣˳˭ܳΪʤߣôҾͽ޽˭սߣԼģ´ȥǿô
ΤĿַ磬ðܲȰ޽ٱ԰ɡ
ַ֮ìܣڰʯͷԼĽˣһ֮λӣôúŪġ
ûҲ޳ɡ
Ҳ޳ɡ
޳ɡ
޳ɡ
ͷһ޳ɡ
أ
Сӣ˵أ


һַ翿ַŲǲһֱˣǲַ˵Ķ죬˴֮ľ롣
˵ߣܣ
ϳΪʲôҪڿ϶޵ˣǸ޿϶׶ڣһǩƽԼԼֻҪвȻͻ֣
ûڻɱַ磬Ϊûַ֪ǩʲôԼԼĻôˣȻᣡƽԼĻһˣһû£
ûҪץסޣҪԼ
༸ϳĻַ֮Χ
Τɵϳһѳıƽַ磬ַ磬㲻˵ֻҪһЩƤ֮ˣ
˭Ҷͽ
һҹ֮У漴һ۵˳ΤɵǰΤֻ׵ľ룡
˳Լ׷Χ֮ڣ˿̵ΤɾȻ޲
ľ룬ͻȻֵĻ˭Ҳܲ
۵˸ճ֣Ӷ֣һΤɵϴȥ
ȣ
һĶڼžҹУΤֱڿлһȣббķ˳ȥԶһ֮ϣȻȻء
˶ˣ˭һԪ־һƴˣҿ˵κε
Ƨĵطôǿߣ
һڵ漴˰תŹĿˡ


097 ɽһ
ʦַǳļĺţַû뵽Լʦôʦ꣬ʦͽ̸ԼһӰƣΪԼʦֻһͨĵĵʿϴθַ磬ַû뵽һƴһԪڴԲ֣
˶ˣһ㿴ڣ˶Ѿȷˣĳǿַʦֲַһ˸Ұ̫ԭؽѪȷ磡ӵһ˵еޣԭһǿ߻֧֣߳
£ԪֶɵˣʲôϣʲôϢ˵ַֻһͨߣûκε֧֣õҲ޵ãڿһжǼٵģַص̫ˣ
Τһ£ʺѪӡǹѪһƣ϶Τˡ
ΤĿǳĹͬΤɰݼǰ
ΤɹһݣȻʵǰմ
ƽĵ֪⼸˭ҵҲ֪ҸǼַҵͽܣǶɽʡӴʧ磡ȫɱһ
ȫɱһ
˵֮䣬ȫûаɱҲǳƽͣ˵Ķһ㡣
˶ûлĻȫɽʡ
Ǽҹŭһ
ŵĵսľǾôˣ˵δ棿´ȥɽʡ᳤ôһһ仰ˣ˭֪̫ˣ
һǿߣ򲻹˼ҲûʲôûƾԷһݻߣ϶ӣŲ³ӣΤһֱΪɽʡϴʱĻ϶ᱻЦƶƤģԺϴô
ΤɵǰߣȻߣǻǰţҲи
Ϸ򲢲ɱ䣡Ϊ޶ҲǿѣǿʳǿΪ϶ᱻǿ͵ϣҾǣ
֮һȫ᳤ܻ
ѵǰò˵ĵн飿ŵĲᣬȻ֪ΪжߣȫߣͷŸᣡ
ͣһ£Ϸ͸ҵŰɣţϲ񷣻Ȼ
ΤɹʹĿѣԸΪҳգԸΪ
磬¡ԭǰʧˡΤɵĺȫǺˮ
ɫˢһ±ĲҰףôħͷأ֪ħͷַʦǽһӣҲַޣ
ǰᡭ
ǰǾԲϵ޵ġ
ǰ
һ
漴ֻӰһת֮ʧӰ١
ӣһΪĸ˰Ǹļ쵰ˣԭѽ˸ߣһʿ档
ʿݷǳĲϣһƬһ㣬ķǳСĿһ߶һѶʿ
ʿַ翴˺ϴɽݼһǸ˵Ĵһ
ϷʵЦôɽһʮ겻㻹İѵûа뵱ҹĵӣһоˬ
˽ҿ˰̣ɽһϳһ£ߣӣ㻹ΪʮǰǸһĵһ𣿾㵱ǵһô̫۹᳤ܻԱҪ÷磬Ҫꡣأ䵱ʦţԩΪ䵱ͽֻɽ̤һ̫ˡ
ɽһһͬ鿴
ɽһ˵ʹĵ£ɫǳѿ
ַ翴ʦԱʱͻȻЦʦɽôˣǲĽʺްɽˮ㣬Ҳ°빦ʦ񹦴ɣʦİˣʦĺͽܣʦȥĵ˺ػˣЩʦĺܺá
أȨݺˣű˵ʬһһôõʲôйа㿴ڵӣ˲˹ģ㻹˼ЦʦĻ鶹һͷˣϸʲô
ɽһֱ˵㡭㡭
ɫǺ죬֮һ仰ĸУ
Ȼû뵽ԼͽôţXһ棡
ʲôַŵĵɽһ۾ûëɣϹӻɫä߻ħһˣ˵ǴУҲܵĸ᳤ĳļɽһһˣ۾Ϲ˲ҪĲϹͺãϹˣǾͲˣ
˵ɽһַָ磬뽫ַǧУַֻһ󱲣ԼĶӣӵԸͽܣ´ȥԼ̫ûˣӲԼȫɱСӣ
ַıӵĿţԭ˵ǶԲǲ˼Ұֶˡ
ַϹ˵
Բˣ˵᳤
ԭҵʧɣ˵ǰ
ַӺͶֱһǳʿֶȵˣһòĺ󱳣ÿǳĵλ˵Ļ˭Ҳܲˡ
пЦˣûЦɽһ෴Ǳѹסĵ׵ķŭ
޳ܡɽһǿ쮳һ䡣
ʲôַ۾ɵĴģ˵ô˵Լ޳أ޳ܣҲ˵޳ܵģȻѾԼ޳ˣѾ֪ԼˣôҴϵԭˣš
񰡣ȾҰɡɽһֱӱ
ַ̾һͱֱ÷ǳϣ֪˵Ǹ߸ϵģʱʱ̵̿Ĺ˼ļֻ࣬ᱣӺ˵ģҲֻȺ˵ģô޳ܵˣǲȵģҪȻͳֳͷˡΪǺˣǾҵģš
ɽһֱһѪѪɫĶַ磬ɱ˵Ļַ˿Ѿˡ

ɫһɫڱﲻסˣЦЦǰЦһǿߵЦֱӴ˼֮⡭
Цֶ֮϶ɵЦ˼º󣬲ͣ
ַĨһѺʦǷ˰ɡ
ɽһ³һѪѾֲ֣ǰԸһС˿̣бĿˣ
ƽʱ£ˣ˴Ϊ޶ôߣ
ɽһǿѹһеŭ֪ԼѾˣҷŭģĸ֣΢һأͻܣڳֲʱ
ɽһĿӣޱͽ÷һȵõϢɳ̫ǰɽѰޣѾ֣ĴλҺ£̫ˣ
ַȻһԭǡûڿ㡱ʦ
ͻȻŭɽ׻Ƶ۹ĹֵȻ׻Ƶ۹ޣ̫۹ʲôǵĹҰ
ɽһһӣ㲻Ҫ⣡Щҳģ㣬ַ磬һסģ
ɽһ˵꣬һԶݶȥ
ַЩ£һǿߵţɲʲô顣
ʦ
šָһɫ鲻Ҫκˣʦ죡
ַ֪ʦһܻˣԼʦǸͣʦﲻ˸̬ЦĻ۾ˡ
ǣʦַʵʦûʦһ𣿡
Ǻһģʦȥˡ
ַʵʲô£
ȥɱǮٳǵļˣкǮٳǹϵеˡ
ַһ䣬֪ʦôΪԼԾ󻼣ɱЩɵˣлЩζ
𣿣ĵ̫ˣ磬֪նڵԣԿġҪסԵ˵ǶԼĲ̣ڵˣֻҪжǵˣСûսͨˣˣҪնݳԾ󻼣
ַ˵ͷַ֪Լ
ַȥɱߣַɱǧٸַ࣬綼ᣡַɱһӻ޴ĸ棬ַǵˣַҲ
ΪΪ
ַ粻ǾӣַԼĴԭ


098 ӡ
ַʦһΪҺɽһҪսһΪʲôûжȴˣ
ɽһյѾѪѾˣŭģľѾӰˣ֣ҲӮңԣɴˡ
ʦѾϰˣΪʲôأ
΢Цֻ֣ȴɱضԱɱΪʦӲġ
ַ˵ͷѾˣʦûʲôɽһǳӴ
ʦַһʱֲ֪˵ʲôˡַСѧ֮һֱǳ𾴣ʱֻǶһһ𾴺Ͱڣַ緵ԼʦԭһǿߣһĺǿߣַеԽܣ
ʵΪʦˣһֱڰй۲㡣ıȻãǲǿƣûǿߵķ緶һ仰ЩԺս֮УҪѧѧʵͼȥܶԷ
ǣͽǡ
̫ԭطô£һֱй۲㣬Ȼܶ鶼ܱս磬ݼָѧϰܿ죬ЩѾܲˡ
һᵽݼַһ˿ˡ
ĳ̸һݼΪʦҲû뵽ȫǸ⡭
Уô꣬ҽ̸ӰƣĻԺҪǿҪѧһЩǿļܶ׹򡣡
ǰɣҶNˣˣӰѾ¯ˣУ
ǣʦ
̫ԭѾˣѾסͷӥˡ̫ԭأΪʦܻ㣬̫ԭأΪʦҲΪˡԣ֮ǰʦڷӡԷ㲻ʱ֮裬Σ֮ʱɱ
ллʦ
ĵͷַͨ˻ߣԼǳ𾴡
Ժ·ҪԼˣסһ;Ҫ˳ȻΥȻɡûй򣬲ɷԲﶼȻǧ򲻿Υ
ͽǡַȴڵ͹ʦ˳ӦУ˭˵Ķأڵַ绹ЩΪ粻˭Ķڶ
У²˾Ͳˣ˵Լվ޷
ǣʦ
ùϢ골ҪӡĹ֮Уǧ򲻿һ˿һĿܣҵͻʱ߻ħ
ַһʵʵϥתȫջصѹסתѭ
ְסַ飬ַȫʶȥӦһİǰֱӳԼʶĻҪɱԷֻҪһͻԷܴ
СĿַʶռ䣬ȫӦַʶͻȻַһ壬ףʲô
ϲģҪŭֱӴ
һæÿȻַǷһꣿ
ǵģʦһ顣ˡ
飿ˣĴһǲ̩ɽǰĶɫڱˡ
飡ȫʶĽ飡ʶĽ飡Ὺ˵Ľ飡ôĽ飬ֻд˵еӵУסַôĽ϶ݻˣ찡˭ȥݻһˡԼ׻һ㣬ܣͨǲܳģ
ޣַϣȻϵĻ֮ûˣôͣ
ʵַϵĻ֮ýˣҪȻ黹ڳ˯أôḴյô죿
⡭⵽ô£
ַ֧֧ᣬĲ֪ô˵ѵ˵ʵ飿ʦ
ˣÿ˶ԼܣʦҲһʱʶѣ㲻˵϶Ϊ֮
ллʦ⡣
ȻǽˣôҲ˺㣬ֻǸӡѡ
ʦѾ˵ˣѾӦˡ
ٴνְַͷϣոսַʶˣϲģʵ㣬˺ҵˣ͵ļ䣬Ҹ㣬ھͰȫĹɣһˣ
֪˺ַ磬ҲҪԷһһҪַĻǵһܺߣ
ûлӦĻֱַӡ
˵ˣϲģȻΪ͵Ŀӡ֮ǷǳҲַ֪ʲôϵ㾹ȻΪ˸ӡԼʮĹǿˣҿҲܻˣ㲻ʮû㲻˵ϰְɡ
챻Ѫˣӡˡ
չַ绺վоԼССţĴԼ
ǰʦַоʦһӲ࣬ϵƶȥ
ʦ
ַ統Ȼ˸ղŽĻʦǺʮĹԼӡʦΪʲôңӡĹͽѹ
Цɵӣ㣬㻹ҷӡ𣿲ʮĹһģҪǽ˵˵ҪǣҪչ衣Ϊ̫쳬ռƣᱻ͵һռģԣҲŸ
ʦַ˫ͨ죬зǳܡַ֪ʦΪ˲Լѹ˵ģַиѹ͸Ҷ
ˣ˵ˡ
ӻóһţַ磬̫ԭأΪʦ޷ˡӵ޵ᴫȥʱ¸ֶ鷳ҪıʵѧαװԼʦȻûʲôɽģеĹΪʦͻţȥ䵱ɽѰµָġ䵱ɣ䵱ĹǳתתĽ䵱ͬһԴ䵱ʮ꣬ɣ
µΪʦֵһ㣬ҶΪʦо֮ȥ֮һҪµĽ̵
ʦַоʦǳ棬µʦ֮
šͳһɫƣݸַ硣
ַƣ֮ϵһ£ϸһ֮£·Լ侳ԡɫ֮Сַһ£֮һЩĵϢϵͼһλʦ̵ģ
Խ³ϡסǧ򲻿ɽκˣ
ַ翴ʦһ֪࣬ƿ϶ͬһ㡣
ǣʦͽһźԽ³
һúչˣΪʦˡ˵꣬һӰʧããҹ֮С
ʦأַźɫĺڿմš
ߣͻȻһֱɻϷĸ˱ųǹվڻտڡ


099 ֣ɱַ磡
ִʦտڵһ˶һַ纰
ַǡ衱ϴǡ
ַ籧СèץסӣһԾ˷ɻ
˾ų֣˾ĿһֱַϣֱĺҪַ翴͸һ㣬˾һִַѾǼ֮ǰǸַˣ˵ĸоǡΣգȵΣգ
˾֣ҸñˣΪǸɶϱءַƲ죬˾з顣
˾Ŀ˱𴦣ַߣͻˣ
ǵģһСľ͵쾳ˣ˵˾֣㲻Ԯôڲŵ
죿ǰַʱûһͻƼôûͻˣ˵һСľͻˣ
˾ѹסе𾪣̫ԭصгڶڼ·߶źžжϣΪ˶Ը㣡㲻ף㲻ǰ̫ԭظķ츲صģôôĶǵǰиħͷɱɽʡʱҲûмôĶɽʡеȫˣΪ˶Ը㣡ʮǰеȫȡˣȫ˶׷ɱԣҲŰŷɻٶȸϹˡܸܲΪֵģ㵽׷ʲô£ɽʡ𶯣
һֻǵĻϢַǲ˾ģַЦðҿԸ㣬Ҹ֮϶ϴ鷳
ַ˵ûһֶ͵֮ģַ˿˵ȥ˵׼˾ͻַ緭Ըַ磡
ޣɽһĻ᳤Ϊޱˣȫỳַ硣Щ˶֪ޣǸûм޳ʲôӣԣַǰȫġ
˾ǻˣ㲻Ҫ˵ˣҲ֪
ַ˾һһϲ鷳ˣַһ˵˾Ȼʡ
ôݼСأ
ˡ
˼ֻʡ
ˣ˾᳤ַŪǸʦݣΪʲôЩûã
ַ֪ˣһʦݣ˾ݵλҪߺܶ࣡
˾ΪûϱȥϱȥҲҪʦԺЧЧ֮󣬹һ㰲Ӧְ񣬵ʱݺ͵λ϶ҵĻߣʱ򣬿϶û˸Ҷ㣡˵ǲģǸֻ֤֤̫ԭôɱ㣬һʦûʲô֧֣ɱУǺһǾˮˮģĳ汣㣬ܱסģҲ֪㾿Щʲô㵽ʲôҲ֪̫ԭʲô£Ҳ̫ϳ汣㣬ԼͻܵǣҲܳ棬ֻܰ㣬ϣסУɺʹͬеĶ֮صҹҵĶľţҲʶ㣬㲻ʶңҺ֮ûκιϵǸ֤Ҳ֪˭ģҲûоȹ㣬𣿡
ǣǧ㲻Ҫˣ
˾ƲƲ죬һ뵽ַҩǧҩжµĻš
Ҫ𰡣ȫɽʡ鶼ɱ㣬㻹Ȼ˵зǳǿĺܣùϵԺʲô¶㣡ǣҺͬΪһ¼ǱˣǣһᱨģΪǹҵǹҵĵ̣ҿɲΪܵʲôǣҵĵλֻϣʲôʱˣͿǧϰһѣ
˾˵ĺܰףǳֱӣַ룬Ȼ˾ƷôǾһԱˣʲô鷳ǣκ˶Ҳַ磬ɱڣ飡ֻӶַһæȻûκιϵ
ã˾ֹ˿һ£ô飬ôݣĿǰϵܵʱ׷ɱңһᰵԸҵģʱ򴫵˾ֻ鷳
˾ֲصģȫһֺݣҰǳļ򵥡鲻ע뵽ȥμӱԡ֪ˣҲа취˵ˣѾ̫ԭأɣһСС̫ԭصҲֻ̫ԭһ졣̫ԭظϴƣѾһ̯ˣû˻йˡ
𣿻ֵáַ֪̫ԭصѾƽϢ˲ԸԼˣҪޣҲֻˡַţԼʦûм˸ǵġ
ַ絭һЦɽʡϴλԪڸͬʱ׷ɱңǸɽһ򶼳ˣǻô׷Ź𣿡
˾ԣһ㿪ЦɣҲͷ׷ɱ
˾ţҲš
㰮ŲšַҲ˵˵
ԷһҪˣ
˾Կɻĵ٣У
ַ粻ĵ˾֣ѾȫˣʱŶҶˣûбҪôСĽɣ
˾ЦȻɽʡĸλж㣬ܷɻȻר״ϵͳǻпܱ׷٣ɻֱӷɵƽеĻ𲻱Ҫ鷳ǷУȻǰƽбɡ
ַΣ˾̫Сˣʲô鶼ȿԼİΣСĽˮ©᳤λôɡ
ɻʹʮӣɵһƬСɽ룬ûдƽС
εεεεεΡ
ʱɻϵ״ﾯ
ǽе᳤ãǰһڣǱڵˣ
ַûĵ㲻˵ɻǷ׷ô
⣬Ǿʻ̨ĵĻʾڵ
ã
˾˵֣ɻɽϿձըֱӱһƬ
еĵ֮У߸ȫð̵Ӱ漴һɫСèҲ˾޴ôߵĵط£Сèȴһ˯񷽲ŵıըûиСèκ˺
ַˣȫðẓ́ú˼ûú̿һ㡭
˵һƬ֮Уոˤ߻أûһǹֵڶ
ǹ죬ʮ˴˷˰Χǹ䣡
ݣ
ַƲѣ̫ԭصⲻǶ·
ַǹֵ֮д󣬵ӵ̫ܼˣⲻһǹ֧Ըߵӵٶһǹٶȵ屶ϣ
ַ緢֣ʮɨĿ꿪ʼˣһŮӵָ֮ȫ׼Լɨ䣡
ݣ˭ˣ
ʱЩ˵Ϊַʶ
Ϊ׵ǸŮǾżߣĶ֣Լһ±ʮְΧˣ
˾ַԮֱӿڣ˾˹ȥ˸շϣ˼ǰը˾
˾ַ粻ɣԼæҡ
˾ΪԪĸ֣һĻֻ˾ţ֯˾Ԯַ磬Ǹ˲˾
˱߰ס޷ӽַ磡߰˸ֻס裬ûдɱ衣
ַƾ츳ʱӵַٶȣַԼ츳ܣŶܹһһĹ
ӵֵַеĻᶼûУ
ַŴһͻƣǸսӽˣֱֻӳƣһ½ַɣ
еַ޷ôӵڿеʱ䣬ַϱ
ַķ౻͸ַֻùǿѹƣһ䣬ķĿ񱼣
ַʶĽε̾һ̫ˣֱһоŵ첻ͽôڳеĻᶼûУǰһѰɡ
˵ۣɻըը߻أأ˭֪ô
ַʱоԼϢһȫĹ˲˼¡
̰ǹ£
ַǲڻһʹɱУ
˸ֱˣ߽һնɱǻ
ﵽ쾳ַ磬ǽĹߵһ磡ҪŲʱǿֹ
ʮָû뵽ذΧ֮ºϢ֮µַ绹ʹǿľУ
Ϊ׵İŮӼ˷֣ɱַ磡


100 Ѫɷ׷
˿ַ̡㿴Ů棬һ࣬溮˪ںݺݵĿԼ˫֮޾ĺĮ
½ѩ
Ů½ѩ
ַѧУûм½ѩ½ѩƬƬˮĴŮȴĿ⺮ɱڵıɽˡ
½ѩһ£˾תĿ꣬޴ڵȵϢַ硣
Ӿ͵Ƿأ
ŵ죡
ַռеķһ͸ɫַֽʵʵ
½ѩǹЦһССܵסģԪ氤һҲᱻɣ
˶Ϊַ군ˣԶ˾ճַ磬ȻѾˡ
ڵȴűը½ѩڴַʬ޴棡
˶ʧˣըûзַЦ
ŵһУǰǳתֻҪκϵͻۼһȻԭصأûַΪϣƲ֣
ַͬʹ֮ȫ˲ա
ڵ˿ڵԭطأʱɵˣ
˶û뵽ᷢôһĻҲˣ
ڵȿַǣȴԼˡ
䡭
Ѿõıը˲䱻ըƬһƬһƬĻľں¡֮еȥ
Ũ̹ʼȼա
˿̵ַҡҡ׹Ϣңصƣ˼Ѫ
Զ˾ѾǰվַԱߣַ磬ݺݵĿ½ѩ
ַ磬û°ɣ˾ַ磬Ĳţһｫڵ˻ȥ

ַƲͣû£ˣʣµ˽ˡ
ûַѾսս˼СʱһֱӰϣ
ýΪַָƵĻ϶û⣬ַ粻룬룡ȥַһ²
½С㣬ʲô˼
˾ǳķŭȴû˿ŭ⣬ЩӵĸоַԾѡ
ַ֪ʱ˵ԼŮƽɱ֯ŮǸû뵽Ѿͷôݣֱӵ˶ʮ֣лڣ
ȻҹȻ˾սҪǣ˾ȫð̣Ҷ˼ҷŭ
һʲô֯ôţX
½ѩ˾ĵ˾᳤Ҵ˴εĿֻɱַģϣףҪ֡
˾ԣôԸַ磡ַ絽˶鷳˶ٴ˾ȥˡ
½С㣬ַ֮ʲôԹַǶ칫ˣ֮϶ʲôᡣ
½ѩԣ˿ϣ칫ôַٴҲ죬ֻҪַ˾᳤ûҵĻôҪַ磬ǾҺǡΪУ
仰ڴ˾һơ
˾û亹գɱ֯Ѿƽм꣬֯¹أʲô鶼ǰнУǺͻһ˻֯ɱ֯ô֯ͻųѪɷ׷Ѫɷ׷ϵˣһס
ǵüǰŷһǳļ壬ү½֪Ϊʲô֯֯ųѪɷ׷֯һҹ֮ǧ˱ţ
һԱֻ֯˵˵ѣû˵Ǿ仰ϣһҰ˿ڱţ
̫ˣ˾֪֯·һҪԸ˾ҹ᳤ܻҲʣ
ַ½ѩĻ󾪣½ѩĿ̫ˣѵǳֲô
ⲻܰȻ½ѩŮѣŶ˰ɱ࣬½ѩôǿĻΪʲô̫ԭ֮Ķ½ѩæĶʮ֣гȥһ¾ͽĨƽˣ
һ⣡
˾ߣҾ͵ʲô鶼ûз
˾ѵҪΪУ
½ѩƣ˾ԽԽ䣬ڽںˡ
˾ͻȻ뵽ʲô۾һĵ½С㣬ҪԸַ磬һҲҹ£ô½СóѪɷ׷ϷĿ
½ѩɫ΢΢һ䣬˾ʲô˼
˾Ц½С㣬֯ҪԸַ磬Ȼҹܣ½Сַ֮˽˶ԹַΪǶ칫ˣϷܲܣ½СòѪɷ׷£ϷܶˣͷϷǰȥ֯ǰ
˾ĿǳӲ˾Ѿףȫ½ѩľԲ֯ľϴַƽлȥʱ;˽ɱַ磬ԥĽЩɱˡ
˾ǰȥ֯˵Ͳ֪£
ûѪɷ׷ôֻ˽˶Թĸ߲㲻֣Լ
½ѩŮѣǼԵģ
ϴνɱַ磬½ѩ˽ԾΧɱַˣֻµСආ˶½ѩͨϵȳﷸΣ½ѩĿ֮£½ѩʮ֣½ѩ½ѩʱ½ѩ˵һ仰ѩЩ軵ˣַͲˣĺС¡˲˵ҸоһҶ޷ܵξһΣܳɰܣû´Σ
½ѩʱ룬ʮ֣ټװѵɱһַ𣿾һȺȥһֻϻȲ
½ѩû뵽ַĳɳٶô죡û뵽ַǶ칫ˣ
ףֻҪ˾֣˾ΪҪַߣûġ
ΰɱʧˡ
ַ翴ɫòͣ½ѩ½С㣬ұ֮ԩ޳ɱΣһΣҷŹڶλҪأ½С㣬˵òɱ㣬½Сôô򵥵ĵ½С㶼װɣ
ַ˵˼ǣ
ַ½С㣬ųɹżɱңûżұţɱңһûűţǮٳңɱңһţɽʡ᳤Գɱңһû̫۹鳤ɱңһǻţ½С㣬ɱģҶɱˣҶԸ˵ģҶˣҳỹ½С㣬Ҳ㱳жԸңһµģʹ֣Ҿ͵ûз
½ѩɫĪ⣬Ͳַвַǿĸ֣Լĸ˵ֻһЦǸ׸ΨһɱַĻᣡʧȥλᣬԼĸȥɱַ磬ǲܵģ
½ѩҧгݵĿַ磬ַ磬Ϊж£вң̫ԭشСҪɱ㣬ûΪĽλǰ㣬ܻ𣿡
磿£˫ħ
˾
˾ֵʱһҺõַڶ칫ᡰҳӡ˾ûжԸַ磬ҪȻ˾ˡ
һߵҲһ־壬û뵽ַĺ̨ôӲֲɽʡĸֶɱַ磡
ַ磡˫ħԶ߱㣡ס£Һû꣡ҳɱ㣡
½ѩ˵꣬£Ȼȥ

ַ˾˻صƽеʱѾҹʮһ࣬˾ǳСģַ簲һס踺𱣻ַİȫ
ַհϴ裬ֻ׼װ˾һֻװ֮һźͨѾϾеź׷١
ַһʱ˵绰ǵ绰һֱǹػ
ַЩССʧַ粢֪ôַǣңһ
ַ羲úõĻһ¡
һǰһϣϵһŮݼԼɵĶ֮СԼݼ˱Ūӡ
ŵļƻȱ˶ǮٳˣǮٳǵļƻҲȱȴԼƻˣԼζˣȴСϻˣȻ֮СףһɹĻɱ˶ųɹɱǮٳǣ֮һսʦˡ
ַ罥ķţǳķÿһϸڣʼգԼţԼҲǱƵĺܶ˵һҲǷǳ΢һԼûݼСϻʦôԼ˲֪ٴˣ
ûݼԼҲ̫ԭص֮УڻһĬĬŵĴѧɡ
ѵһ⣿һаţ
йе飬ַ綼ǱģǱǣűߣں˿ӣַһδεһĸԸ
˿ƵĸоǳĲܡ
ַźҲҪκ˵ӣҪƿߣ


һ ħ¼Ԫ 


101 ⲻǱɽ
칫Ķʮ̨ܵĶ֮ǰˣÿ춼ϰæµţÿʦǶԼѧͽְֵϤĽ̵Ÿ֪ʶżŭѧͽѶˡ
ַ˾Ĵӷ²ιţ˵󣬸߰˸ʦַͷ棬ĳģĵ˵̸ΪЩַһλʦ˾һλͣһʦĶ֪ʶǺεȵԨһЩƤëЩʦҲѧϰܶණûнⶼͽҿˡ
˾ӣ£Ӷǳܸɣ˾ڵҪ񶼽˴˸ϽһƬÿľ״۽˾ÿ¾ͻһȣ߽߳ͷԵľ֮£ƽж칫ϡ
ƽедͬУ⼸˲ŵ㣬˥ˣÿȱƴ֮жòö굹һ£칫Ƶ£һǰһ߼ʦڶʱԥһССԼըˡ
εıǴͬģ˾ǰؼԱˣֻҪ˭ңҾԲȥǱˣͬе˾һϺˣҺɽйĻϲҲķǳáûҪȥַ˵棬ֻȵĳԼһڵ⡣ΪҶ֪ˣ˵Щͬ۸˭Ը˾ô˾ȵڻ᳤ı֮ϡ
ͬеĶ칤Ͽһжת˭Ҳ֪Ѿǿиɣ¿϶֪⼸֪϶ᶢԼٲչԼǾͺܿһ̶ˮͬеĶ칤Ϊεչ˺ܻܶ飬սĿ궢˾
˾ε¼߶ӣҲóȻܴͬеս廹ûжǽͽ˻Ȼźַһĥѧϰڵ˾ͻܹʱӹܴ
˾Ľ£ַǳ߽߱ܣЩ豸ǴڹȫԶ豸µOSTֻҪԼƣҪĶвϰݶע¯ϸݷֽ⣬ڻΣװڹڶһģɽɵȺܶɶǵĳڿͻ
룬ǵOSTϵͳȻ˵ȫܶ칫ᶼϵͳϵͳɻ᳤ԸģǱĶ칫޷ġ
һ·ܣԣɷϣһǳɫĽʦַһ·ֻǵͷӦţż˵޹ؽҪĻǺĶʦǶַĻ¼
ִʦߵϵͳʲôأ
̲סַһ⡣
Ŷַһ·ӽԼڵĶ֪ʶһЩ˹֪ʶҪʦֲɣȫǻַһ㶼֪˵
ǵĲϵͳǺܺãܺáַЦţҲЦţȫַ֪ʲô
Ȼʦ˵ַĶˮƽûеʦˮ׼Ҳ˾ŲʮˣΪʲôһ·տڲԣʲôָأ
ǡִʦܲܲһϵͳչʾһķɣ
ַ翴ŵĻһϰݣȻټĻͣתַͷˡ
ַа˾ôģǸ˵ѧϰ֪ʶҸʲôᣡѾôһʦƵģ
ʵ˾ʱǸô˵ģַļǳĸߣ㲻ǴʦҲ˾Ųʮˡ
Ȼ󽫷¸˷ʦݱȶʦݻҪһЩΪһʦǽڶʦĻϵģֻ㾭εĶ죬ĥȻŻԲϵԷݶָƣַļǽļܣͨһһģԣ˾ͷˡ
ַĴѸٵתţɫ͵һ䣬ķǳѿŷŭҲôǳĶʲôݣֶҲ
Ҳû뵽ַһ·ǷǳƵģͻȻôᷢѣЦǣǡִʦ¹ĲϵͳǵĲԱûоƣ¹ʣ˲ٵʧšִʦִͣʦһչ֣Ϊǽ⿪⡭
ַˣŹҰɣˡ
ַĴֿʼѸתˣڿ̨֮ص̾һ
ִʦʲô𣿣ĵ̡
֪ⲻǵĴ
⣬ǵĴˣִʦָ̡
ַĳĵ֪칫ķչ˴֮ľǳĴҪԼҪӴʽԣڣǶ칫ᣬЩɵĶʦǣѡ˸߿Ƽ죬˴ͳ˹졣
ִʦ˵ûͳЧʵͣҶװͲľ׼ҪǣͳķѴʣߵʧʷǳĴ󣻶߿Ƽ죬ɱͣĲ٣ЧʷǳĸߣҲǳĺáַĻȻЩǴҶ֪ġ
ַ絭Цܺã
ǡִʦкθ߼
ַⱾһִһѺõǻģ˹ģΪ˹죬ÿ˶ʦѪŬٺã˵ˣֻǱȽϷѣûκεԣ
ԣü
ǵģԡ
ַһֻͨҪ˹죬һֱѽʮ꣬ʮ꣬Ǹʱ䣬ѽ˵ɱͳɳͽԡ˵ɣУ˵ɣδȶ˵ɣЩõ˹죬Լ죡ǻ죡ΪʲôЩԼΪԼõԼǰҲӶڣΪʲôһΣҲͺ޶ΪѣֵܣˣһֺεȵĺǺεȵĽ
˶סˣ仰Ǵӱ˿˵ǶΪ˺˵˵ǴһλʦĿ˵ǾͲһˡ
ҲĬĬ仰ַ˵ûø߿ƼԶԵġǰѽֵܣѣˣôҵôֻһɱ˭ҵֵˣ
ַ룬ôҲֻһɱ˵ѣӵʹˣԶΪ֣һ£ĸλеˣǻ᲻֣벻ɣǿ϶һΪֵǵģǲֵΪҵһѷ
˶ĬĬַĻҴҶűӼ¼е˺ʲôе˺˳˼е룺˵˵
ã˵ĺã˾ͻܹˣպַĸ̸ۣæֽкãҲΪַȲʡ
ַ΢Ц˾᳤ôȤأ
˾¸ºʹͬбԵҪؿǣҰͷ鰲ź֮˻ִ֣
˾ŵڿʼִʦΪǶ칫Ŀ䣬Ժٶ칫ĵλֻ֮£ûʲô
Ȼ仰Եһ£˾飬κ޴淢Եġ
˶ʾûַԱߵķ֮һ˿â
ˣɢ˰ɣִʦЩҪ̸
˾ַ˿˲ˮ󣬵֣˴κʹͬеıЩ䶯ҪԵǴͳĶǸ߿ƼĶ죡ҷǳĴܴͬУΪǵ豸ǹĿǰ豸ȻȲһЩеģ˵һûи˵ڶǣͳıԣеĳҪʦһȥɣַ磬һڵأղĸ̸֮󣬾֪ԴͳĶǳ裬£Ҳˡ
ոȥֻǴţѣҲ棡
Ǻǡ
ַЦͳĶֻϱȽѣʵʲѾöûжˣʤ˾ֵίУض¹ϵ̫ûʮİǲҳֵġ
Ŷʮ˰ɣöû֣
˾ӲӵЦţôҵǽҵǧ򡭡
ַһ飬ãҴӦ㣡
ݣⲻǱɽ𣿣Ƕ칫û


102 ѧϰ
ʵ˾ȱ֣ЩʵȨգæƴ׬Ǯ⣬Ͷ켼⼸˾ˮĺܴǮ׬˲٣Ҳûʲô·ˣ˾ŷԼҲһ׵ˣͬս˾ֲܲӦ⼸˾ͶʽǴ߿Ƽ켼˭ʱȥϰͳĶ켼ôĶûѧģ
˾ַ׼췻ϵȵ¯ͲϣַſʼѧϰܶʦҪΧ۵ģַ˳ȥѾģӶᣬҪЦô
׼𣿡ַ
ţõģ˵ġħ𡯵ĿھĶˡ
ðɣʼָ㣡
һһ׶߾µľ¯ַǰ¯ƽ̨֮ϰڷŽľˮԵħͶĲϡħǷ¯ڣ¯ȥڻͷֽЩԣȻɶ߿¯̸ַĲ¯Լ˫֮вٿأ
ַ罫һԵħԼǰֹţɼܽħڵĻȫճȻԼȥݻ棬׶Ρ

ַ͵һʹɼܣһħ˷ĩ̺ĻԪȫַյڡ
ַʱоҽһ㣬ֻ˫˺צ
ŭţǽѻɳֻγһЩٿأ㡭㾹Ȼڣ
ַʹĽô˵
ΪʲôҪ˵κ鶼˵ˣôɳֻҪԼĴĦѧϰڱһΣ´ο϶᷸ˣ
ַʵףֻԼɲ׶ΣֻǷſһŵ±ڡ
ַ缱æùԱ˳ϢƬַ̺ٴһħ
ַν࣬˫ֲûбɺצһһĽħڵγһЩΧϴ֮Ȼֻغϣγһӡ
һȼŵĻַ˫֮Ծţַɹˣַ֮ħ֮еĻڱͣһذ׵Ҫ
Ҫģǽ׶Ρ
ַƶеһ֮ڷڻţַĿ֮£Сʱγһ׶ΡȻԪصħƽԣȥɣ侫ƽ֮ڵԷֲټϣһذɣһ⧻ֱַӽˮԪħһգһذڴɹ
ַ翴һʱ䣬һСʱʮķӡ
˿̵ַѾͷǺȫоźôɱҲûôۣ
̫ˣʧˣɣʱƾˡ
ûַʧˣ⧻ʧܣַ籾Ѿûˣ⧻ĹһҪýڵԪԷֲֲȵĻ̫࣬׶ϡҲҪ⴦ûĻӹĥһελ˹Ļҩ⧻ļߵˡ
һ֮ڣַϢһͷȻ죻ϢϢֶ죬ʧ֮ڳɹһѡ
ַϲĽԼҫţô飬ˣһ֮ھѧˣ
һСʱһѷǳͨ˼ҫһӴʮѵĻ࣡

˼ȥһѹذһϴ£ĸǿ
ַ˫ָһذףͬǳĽš
ַ͵ֻذ׿һ

ֱַܴˣԼذ׶ˡ
˵ûɣ㻹ɣ²ҪļǶ컹ǱʲôҪۻ飬һһӡ㾭ۻһĳ̶Ȼͻɣ̫ˡ
㲻˵̫˵ҵļ
˵̫˵ʾҴ㣬Ƕ춼Ƿǳƽӹ㲻ҪģŷΪ֣һģһǺģֻҪŬˣ㸶ˣһõرģҪԽЩţҪȱ˶һٱĺˮŬ
Ȼ˵ţˣַ˵ַѾһˡˣ죻ϵţһ磬ֻƽӹ֮ѡ
ַѹ̫ˣַȴܵĴСַСһĸˣѧϰ椣Ǵܣ˳ԽԼֻҪ˳ԽԼͻƴĸȥȥԽǸˣ
˵ӹţ飬Ҫ㿴ʲôţһţ
ַѪڣץһħ졣
ðɣȸһʱ䣬ʮӴһذףɹܿ߿ƼذףҾͳһţ
ַʱ䣬˽齻ʮ֮һذףҿ˻ذס
ҲǳԾսĹƣַҪʱû뵽ַҹݣ죬ˣ
գ˾ټи߲ٿش顣
ַ˾ֵһλã˾ͽܷ죬¡˾ֱǻܹܣܾܲһˣ
ĸ߲飬ַΪһ˱ǲμӵģַ֪εĻ϶ǹʮ֮ıԡ
˾ɤӣټһ°ºʹͬбԵǼ飬˵˵ԼĿܹܣ˵
ܹɫƽһɽʡеĹᶼãδͬսǣǺ͸нãǻΪʾΪǳĬô꣬ǵһǱ뿪սɱӺһĻжΪǺ۸Ҳǲƣ޳ɽǵս
˶˼ĵͷ˾ؾĿأ
Ʊϵ۾ܹͬܵЩ귢չ̫ˣ̫ƽˣڲ˿ʼɢѹǵ˸оһΣգһȻǵ۶ɽʡǰéÿּܻ¹ʣɷǳʧһֱ߲ȫʮǿԭҪսǼӴչԴУ
أ˵˵Ŀ˾Ĵӡ
ͬж칫Ǳĵ̶ҹϽ֮ڵģǰ꣬ոշչ۶ô⼸ҵķܶѾռÿܶİٷ֮ʮߣԣһ󵰸⣡̲ͬôǽʧȥܶ࣡ǵľúͬʱ֮һԣΪսһǳǵѡӮˣǽõĴͬеһشպǶǵķչкôͬҲʧȥܶ࣬ǲ˽ǣˣҾǵʧǳ˽ǵģҷԽǵս


103 һн赶ɱˣ
˾ЦЦ˵Ҳ죬˵˵Ŀ
ִ֧ʦ֣ʦǰƹܶ⼸ܶô࣬öȥǱԣôʦֵѪԣҷԽս
ԼСӣǵģҲִ֧ʦֻ֣ҪǾܾͬж칫ᣬܰôܾһʽսЩǻʧȥǵĵ̣
˾ɫЩÿֵ֪һģǴʦֵѪΪʦܶ
ܹǾܾսȥˣĶ칫ôǣ֮ʽսһԾǴʹǷչĶξܾˣܲǶ칫һƣٹĴѡ볡ʸ񶼾ʧȥˣǵĿҪԶˣҲҲˣңڻûء
Żܹܣʲô˼ԵǺϽΪע㻹ô˵𣿡
ܹԴǣҿ϶ᣡڹᣬһΪ룬Ǹ棡
ŭЩΪĸҶֵһֱһΪ룡ܹܣԼȥÿ۶һֵܵĸˣô
ܹһҭסˣðɣֵܵǿҲкðɣۺʹͬбԵ⣬۶⣡
ˣ˾ڿȥˡ
ھֱһ˶࣬һġ
ͬ˾ܹܺͺԵǷʦֵˡ
ʦô죿
˾ð졣
˾Աߵַ磬΢Цִʦʲôأ
ַ˾ΪʲôҪԼμˣǣ̫ʵ˾;ʹͬбˣڱԽ˾Ҳûеס˾ȫһԼ£ԼˣȻ˵ķԶЧģֻ˾Լͽܵģԣ˾ַȨַ
ַ֪˾ҪսȻֻô˵ˡ˾ͽҪ޵Ļ϶˾ַ磡
ַаϺ꣡鷳
ַװһȥȻλ̸ۣΪĿ䣬˵ɡκҪ˳˵վסţסôҪϵķչԼǶ칫⼸ȷûʲô鷳һС鷳ҲûУȻҵϣȴսķ룡˵ǲĻȥԱȥȥչĻԼڲͻìܣʱᷢʲôļλװɣڣǹǿУӦŽһ¹ͬУɱ仨ˮƨ
ַվָʾ룬ΪʲôҪʾΪΪʲôҪѵҪǹĶ켼ͬѵǾӦʤӮ˱ҳ£αؿôأʤһδεʧ֮ܽᾭ飬ɹģ䣬ҲҪĹ䣡
ַĻ˵ķǳĺãѪڣɫһƬѿ
˾ЦãǳĺãִʦȻдʦ緶˭ʲô𣿡
ִʦ㽲áһݵĿַ磬ݺݵĵһۣ졣
ʦִʦǵĿˣǹڲ˽⣬ִʦľֻǲοѣҾ黹Ҫӳ顣
˾Ʋͷַ磬Ա˿ĽǶ͵͵ĸַʹһɫ
ַаѣΪʲôҪұ
ַԷ֣Ŀǰʽҷǳ˽⣬ұԸ湫սܴͬеս
ðܹܹЦִʦһʧ
ҲûִʦڣǱʤ
ɫ࣬Ѿˣ˵ʲôûˣһʦҪսʦ϶սˣ
ʦ˴αԹغ̫ڶ켼ֵܴСڶ칫᳤ֻʦ״ǴͳĶ켼͸߿Ƽ켼ǳ裬ԣұս
˾ûлش𣬶ĿƸˡܹܣؾǾأ
ִܹܵʦһλʦһλʦĶˮ׼Щȵģִʦضȡʤ
ҲִͬʦضִʦǴʦͬж칫һʦ䶨ˣ
˾΢Цˣڣ˭ʲô
ûУǺã¾ôˡһ£ִʦα֮ʤ֮ҾִʦǸ᳤λá
˾˾㵵ı飬Ҷ֪ǰ᳤⵽֮λһֱ˰꣬Щܶϲ鶼һҷǳĿգְﲻæԣҾִ֮ʦλá
ûʲô
˾˻شնĵǺðɣôˣɢᣡ
ʦܣ첽ȥ
ַ罫˾˾֣Ҳ̫ˣͽܻҵģ
˾ַļûйϵ֮Ϳ뿪ˡǺңǾʹ²ˣ
ȻҪˣ㻹ʲô᳤
˾ַ磬㲻֪ǹ⼸̫ƽˣûһˣҵĴͽܷ⼸Ҳ࣬Ҷֲ֪Ķ֣ϾʮˡһƬ̰˲٣Ҳ˲˴αԣܱӮĲȫˣҶܻȥˣʱףʱΣֻѹһݺλѹʡʡЩĴ󣡡
ַЦţ㲻ǽ𣿣˰ɱ𣿡
˾̾һô๼
ַһѿס˾Ĳӣ˾һн赶ɱˣôҵֳȥĺͽܣҵЦ
˾Цеѡ𣿣
ַŭΪʲôԼأ˰ɱ
һҵͽܣкĸ飡ҲģڶΪɱ˭ɱ˭𣿶ȫڶһ죡ܶͻͽֻ֪Ѿγһɱͻϣڶһ۾ͻͣͣҪʧ٣ǰҾͷ̰ۣۣб˽ңɱԽĶУ˵飬͸ĵڻѾƿصĲˣǿɱضҵͽܣϣܱãϣǰǸ
˾˵꣬˳ȥ

ߣһƽԱߵӴ˸顣
켱æλŷʦִ֣ʦ϶ʤʱĵ̲һⲻǺ𣿡
Ƿ⻰ӵĻˣ㶮ʲôʦǰôǵģʲôҪ鶼̸ǰ죡ԴַԺ󣬻û죬ʦ˿䣡ʦôҪľȨҪ᳤ֻһˣʦʶ˶ãΪʲôʦ˿
ʦصһʦǰֵ˵ľʦͬģξַĳֽ˾֣Ϊַһʦʦôĺʹͬбƴ
ŭĵûʦǶɽҸôȨȻʦ֪ѾôԲʦ£ʼûбѹʦαӮǱߵͻᱻ׳죬ʱһжסˣ
ȫ亹ʦ֣ʦܣ°¶ˣƾǺʦĸ飬ʦôġ
ʦ϶ɱǣǵһеλȨûеģʦǵְλԷڣʱûټʦֻ뿪ʦˣǶô
켱ʦ֣Գɶ֣ʦѾҪʹͬбˣô죿
ݺݵһҧߣҲҪ汳ģ
µͫһʦֵ˼ɱַ磿
ûַӮ˱֮ɱضӮˣǹĺô
Ȱοʦ֣ðɡҾڳʦϸʦ˼һԭġ
£ðʦֵһȥϴ·߰
´˸ʦ֣ںʹͬжĵǿֲǵĵ̡ºûйϵġ
ͺ˵ʲôûйϵҵ¶ˣȫҷһϵƣ
ٺ٣ɱַ磬ҿ϶ҷǵġ


104 Կʼ
ҹЩ䣬ֵϵ˷ǳϡ٣ʱЩߵưɻµһĿʼ
򣡡

˼ϰֺˣǮ
һİĸڴ齫һ꺺ӣƤڣɫĳؿڳţһʮҵ꣬ĺ˼ƣұһʮ߰ŮּɫһĸˣЦݡĸ˵Ավʮڡ
ԣһ齫ڣǳġ
ʱ˺һ˸绰֮С˵Ķߵϰ壬Ҫ㡣
˻عͷҲ˵𣬽˭Ҳ
ǡĴС㡣
üͷ룬Զĸ˵ţм£п档
˵ЦЦû˵ʲôŮһ£ԺҲ齫ˣ
ϰ֣궼ûˣúò״ӹʲô²ÿ̸𣿡
û˵ʲôԱӷ˺Сؼңү
֣ҲҪߡԣ겻˴һ
ŭʲôߣҴµʱһҪڳҪϵѧϰͶԼ춼ʮˣСһɼŵٹӣδĺѡˣӣôĽŽ㣡
˺ŮߺһŮ֮ͬ˽
ŮŵһĿһֱͣŮϣ֮
ѩ㰡꼱æһӰ½ѩǰ
½ѩڵǿүǺá
ɽЦ½СϷʲô£ֱԡ
½ѩҾֱ˵ˣɱһˣ˽ַ磬ϡ
½ѩݹϣûһӾͿˣϿַûȨûƣ֯Ҫɱ˵Ļô֮Ϊ½СҪŰæ
½ѩַϿǳļ򵥣ûκ̫ԭֵ췭ظ׷ɱ¶ѣЩµġؼǰðɱʧˣҵȫˡҪǣϴԵȫû֮ҰְַǳҸְ˵ºҰְֲͬ⣡ԣæġ
Сسַ죬ɽϿַΪûе죬һԪڸ־ͽնɱˡ½С㣬ʵ
ðɣҵõϢƽж칫ˣϢҲȷ
칫᣿
ɽüͷһ壬ϢģҪȻһССĻûеܽһֵķ𣿵Ҿ黹ûô򵥣ְô㣬ɱһˣϰֻͬģȴܾˣ˵ϰֲˣԣǲæġ
ɽ϶ɱûʲôΣҲҶӿ㣬ȥףֱӵҵܾңڻҰæ
Աߵǿʱ֣½С϶ԼѴͰ½СɣοҺ½СǺѣɱһû켶ĸ֣ǳ׵ġ
죡ɽ֪ʲôϴ󶼲ǵˣΪʲôҪȥǣ˲õˣ֪ô
½ѩǿ̬ôó˵ƣ壬ӦæԸ޸ǿʱ֣Կƽ󣡡
һԵǿԣһĿԼɽ
ɽ۾½ѩһ½ѩ仰ջǳĴֻҪ֣֮žͿѹźţԺɵķչвɹĺôԼȥҲǴ⣬ʱ½ѩ̬ȷǳǿӲһ㶼ԼӣΪʲôԼ
ɽЦ½Сĳ⣬Ҹ㲻½СΪҪɱˣ
½ѩ뻹Ǹ֪ʵ飬ɱҵࡣϴΰɱַĹ֮УҲв룬ַɱˣһҪ
ԭΪ˸ɱɽ½С㣬һҪúõĿǿǣӳ飬˴ˣ֪ͨ㡣
ǺãҵĺϢ
ǿ½С㡣
һʱܿȥ
һʱַÿ춼ϰԼĶ켼ԼļܡԼĵطͻᷭĶ칫鼮ߺͽ鹵ͨɷϣڶ칫ѧϰõĵطЩĶ鼮ķǳϸӴͳ쵽죬Ϊм߼Щ鼮аĺ֪ܶʶ鶼֪ԣһַʳԼĶ켼ܣڴһͨذףӾ͸㶨
ƽкʹͬеıڵˡ
ͬж칫Ҳһǳصĵ᳡Աһǧƽ׵ĵطѾǧˣЩ˶ǴͬеĴСҲΪ˫ԵĹںͼ֤ˡ
᳡ַ磬˾ӣ裻ҷǴͬж칫᳤־־ˣ־Цţ˾һûһš
αֿ˲˰ͬеˣֵӿ󣬽㰡αԴʢˣǰ󰡡˾˵š
־΢΢Цţϵѹһ𣬡Ǻǣ˾֣ôеЩСѧϰѧϰƽеĶ켼ôҿ۽磬ˣǶѰϾͬһУҲǴдд裬һڶǧҪ˺
Ǻǣ־ֵؽǿ㰡ǵģ˵ûӮǶѣҾһ
ַ翴һһ֪˶Ϊαͬд裬˶֪Ѿˡ־ôҪα֮չʾԼʵ˳£һЩͬеСΪԼá־ʤȯգ˾һҲġ
ʱһɫ۵ߴƫŽϯ̨˵Ŀⶼߵϡ
ַߣȥƽƽһǳһˣ˫Ŀ֮о䣬һ˵ϺǿҵѹУ֡
᳤á˾־ͬʱʺáⶭ˾־Ķͷ˾ɽʡ칫᳤ܻ
˽εıķͬһ㣬ɽʡܻĻ᳤ˡ
֪ʲôⶭ᳤ǳ˽־̵̯ôصĸ˾һȭô
ҿĳ־ôۿ˾ô
ߵͷʾ£Ұ˴αԴͬж칫ƽж칫֮ıԣεıԹϵ֮ĵ̣Ҳǣ˴֮棡Ҷ֪ͬкƽжϷĹϽΧԣܱԽΣ˫ԷκγͻϷ᳷ȥǸ˵ְλ
Ŀɨɨ˾־ˣ˵ɫǳƽ˵ıϿ˿ı仯
ͬб˴֮дڴҵĽʹҵĹͬչҲ뿴ľǱ˴֮ĳޣ˵Ļ˾᳤᳤ûʲô
û
һӻ᳤š
ǺãΪԵĹˣҼ򵥵һ±ݡѡһӲμӴͳԡƽеĶעǶһ̣ͬеĶעһ̣һԼĵ̽Ӯλ᳤ڶԼǩ֣
˾־ԥǩ֣ҲдԼĴ
ڣԿʼ˫


105 ֱϹ
ʱмڿһƬյأ¯һѲϱʮ˰˽
ַǰߵ룻־Ҳ߳һ꣬վַĶ֮໥ŶԷ
˿ʮ꣬ɢһɸϢһ׾ϵĸӣǳǿ׳ʵļҪ·űһ㡣ַ翴ĳһרҵĶʦǳڴͳŻôʵ塣
ͻȻץ¯ߵĴ󴸣ڿ趯˼Ȧ󳩿ĵһٰʮ˳֡
һַǳƯַ¯ߣץһ̧һ㣬ְȴַл䡣
ַ羹Ȼų̂һЩ˵ĺЦ֮
΢΢һüж˼ֽһʦò
ҽиģ᳤Ĵӣʮ꣬꿪ʼʦѧϰͳ죬ʦ洫дͳʮ꣬ӲƷͳʦɽʡμӹʡԣõõһʦԹ޻ڵĽ̵࡭ַԼ˵䣬
־Цͽƨֱĵˡ
Ȼ̨һ꣬ǰʡһӲμӵʡԣʱƷ̶̵ѾƷʦˣһǴͳ죬Ű
ǰһΪƷأû뵽ʦʮˣڲƷ
㿴ַôᣬǼƷ
ǼƷ䶨ˡ
ַ磬ʮ꣬ѧɲšǡַͣһ£̨̨˶ַ硣
ַ赭дĵǴʦ
һ㶣ǲŵĿַ硣
̨һȻܣţ
϶ǼٵģҪ࣡
ʲô°ȥ겻֪𣿡

־ǳ˳飬ݺݵĶ˾˾֣ϣ᳤ܻǰѵĻǵġ
˾ɫĵûѣ겻֪𣿡
ҲַһλʦΪԼҲһλʦԼʮͻƵģǰʮ꣬Ǵʦ̥Ҳܰɣ
ɫãȻλ߶Ѿ໥ʶôҸλһ±ݡλǰ¯϶һģЩϾұ˼ûκ⡣ÿǰʮֲϣǸѡģԼѡĲϴһԼûʱƣûַƣֻյĽ˭ȽϺá֮һԼǵڱԿʼ
롭
ĸַһָʾǰĿ֮ѾʧѾһѹǾǡʦֵѹȻ˵ţбʤѾһ˿ҡ
Ȱɡ
ַɲַɨЩϵĳɷ֣򶭰˵֮ûжκεֽţôӮֻ֣ƾ汾£
ѡʮֲİڷ¯̨ϣַҲѧŸģѡͬʮֲϷ̨֮ϡ
Ŀַľٶüͷһ壬ôѵҲҪ
ַǰִʲôҾʹʲôǺܺʱҲü
Ǻǡ
ЦҪֵ֪λʦ˵Ҷȴʦֻһ֮䶨ˣ
ַ絭Цţ˼ҿ˵ˣǴʦ
¯ĻϵʯȻһİ˳Ŀʯ¯СĲߣʯڻһĳ̶ȣټϸϣÿһμϵʱַǡôĵͷ
ַһ°ͣĿţû졣Ȼ˵ûʱƣҲű˰ɣ˶ַľٶ⣬̨µЩЩӡ
ʵַѧϰַûдڳ֪Ļ϶°Ͷġ
ʱһһĹȥܿСʱȥˣ־Ѿ׶Ρ
˾̲סˣִʦʱأ
ַǳĴ󣬡˼ûдȸִһѣѧϰ֮ٴɣûʱ䣬ǲ
˾ֱӴϻ˵ϡҲȲѣܶ˶ôЦӰ쵽Ķ죬Ҳֻš
ĲΪַ仰ʧ񣬲һһߴŵȫ亹
־ԸĵסרĶ죬ֻнûκε
Ϊǵ˶ˣԭַַ񣡱ɣ
Ÿģ૵ĵǰܶ࣬ľҲԺһԳΪʦ
Ŀ϶־д󶨡
ǴһٰʮĴڸĵһɣ󴸣Ļ硣

̨ϣĽһĽһһ㴫˵Ķڡ
Ŀ֮ȫͣǳҷǳнУÿֶʵԷֲǳľ⣬
ǻ࣬ûа
һΪʦĳ嶯
ӺŶҺϲʵļС
ַһЦǣΪ𣿽Уѵּң¯̳ճ׶Σ¶ߵʱ̣һӾͽ飬˻ãȥеľɢˣŽȴЩԵķֲȻȣǻڽУ
־ŭˣֱվŭĵַ磬㲻ҪԻڣͲҪ˵
ַ־һЦѵ㶮ҽôȥһѺõ㾹Ȼ˵˵
Ӱͽ񣡣
Ǻĵ¿ηΣҲ˵ˣ
ǵģַ粢û˵ڳ˳˾ߵ˺Ͷ˼ַĻ˶Ϊַں˵˵
ڣһСʱ֮󣬸ĵƳɹˣù֮޿ڲ
֣ˡĿַ磬һıģԵĸַ磬䶨ˣ
ֵַڳĸλȻҶͬҸղ˵Ļôھ֤ҿɣʲôĶ죡ôȥһѺõ
ַ˵ţߵ¯ǰȻĿ£ֱӽ̨еĲϣʯħȫһƽ¯
˶ɵˣ۾Ŀַľٶ˾ֱӾִϵ˾ۼʶַļ£϶ֱӽַϳȥˣ
ŭֱϹ֣
жʦ֪ܶʲôǷǳͨ¯ڼ϶Ⱥ˳ģַ磬ֱӽеĲϵ¯˫ֱ¯ıأ¯ڶҳӵģ
־Ц˾֣ĴʦǺЦ׶죿ĻʶҵҪʲôӮң
˶һЦ˾ڳӶˡתһ룬ַܰûаյĻԼ˵ģӦԼôĳ棬ôǰ˰
ʦνĴʦǵˣ˵˾ߵķַǣַˣʦԻɱַ硣
˾ݺݵĵ˷һۣ󵭵ĵַ硣
˾˾᳤飬Ҫһͣһʽıԣﵷҵģ
˾ͷǺ᳤⡭
ңַ絽ʲôͷǲǶ칫ˣѵЩ˲ô仰壬ֻҪ˾ַ粻Ƕ칫ˣôͺðˣٶ칫˾Ͳᶪ칫
ŭˣ˾һ½ΪҲã⼸귢չķǳĲܻҲٵĺôҲ˾ЩҲ˲˲ţǽ쿴ʲô
˾ַ۾Ĵվ¯ߣ˫Ŀס¯ıԵͷȫǺˮ˿̵¯Ѿյͨ죬ַ˫ȴûһץס¯ıԵ
ڶ죡˾ڿˡ
̨µĴ˶ڿ˾Сȷʵûмȥַ硣㿴ַҲȻ¯ڵȫַáħ𡯲ٿš
˾ɫַȷʵ˲ţҾġ˴αַ֮罫Ϊǹĸ᳤
ɫһˢıˣ̨㲻£ִԲ򣡡˾᳤ܲܲʤƽж칫᳤ְλӦҪúõĿһˡ
仰̨һƬľҪȥ˾᳤ְλ
־ʱ᳤˾εȷЩ֣˾ôҲΪǶ칫ô๱ףĳͷǲ̫ˡ
־Ϊ˾飬к޲˾
˾治ɫоκˣеĳ붼ѹַˣַҵģôԼһжˡ
ǲҪˣַʱͻȻתгһѺɫĳ
˶ˣŵĿַ硣
ֱַӽݸ˶᳤ҵĽѾϣ


106 ȫ
ֱַӲŻڿж죬ַ룬ܽԼľ©Щ˵ǰǾ¯֮ڲŻǰ˳¯ģַΪ˸һоͽвһԵȫͶ˽ȥȻͬʱͶ˽ȥַŻûЩõĲϣѭ򽥽ڻʯЩ¯ڽУǿġԣ϶ַһҵġ
𾪺̸ʱַѾȫƳɹ
£ЩַҳӵȫԹԵı죡һ㿴ַ磡ûпַַ켼ʲôûпͿвϵ¯Ȼͳһѽ
˾ڳ˳һæֲһ¶ͷϵĺˮ
־ߵֻʧӰ٣֮𾪺ͺ£
ô£ⲻܣʵǰһȷһѽ
˿ַѽڲģһͨĶĽ䣬һһϵȷ
ѽϸıţĵѽԵзǳ֮еľȫ˽֮ڣҲǳƯ֮
ץַĽ˰֮ʵأ
ͻȻͣһַ磬Ϊν֮ʱĻûɾ˽棿
仰˶ˣѻ˽棿˭Ǹ£Ǵʦħ
ҾȻ￴ħ찡Ҳΰɣ
ЩЩħʦͶʦϲŪ⣬û뵽￴
ַһλʦ
˶۷׷ף˶ˣַһλĴʦ
ַƽЦţҾúˣѽлԹ˺ӳɡϵĲۿ׾Ƕħõġ
һͨĻħǶڱ֮ϣɲǼ佫ħȫգħϡʱͨ죬һȵϢڿ֮š
ѽ͵һ»һ£ַĽȻĵĽҲûжϣеĻһӱֱӽĵĽڵһ롭
վʤѷ֣˴αƽж칫ʤ
˾дϲַȻûԼʧԼһעѹˣ
᳤־Ķˣ˭Ҳû뵽ַһѴԹ
־᳤ʲôô
ûСԼˣһʵԼͬеĴСټҪƽеЦģʼʱ˶ڿ˾ЦǽԼȴЦԼˣôͬж칤Ӵ˾ͻһ겻񡭡
ûо͹ǩ֣ǿ˾᳤ˡ
־ɫ԰ףٵĹȥ˫ֲǩ֡˾Ҳȥ־һЩӵĺԼ
ִʦֱַ˹ȥȫЦݡ
᳤ʲô𣿡
û뵽˾᳤ִʦִ֪ʦûȤȥɽܻأ
˾ں־ǩԼԶԶĻˣ߹᳤ִʦǹĸ᳤
˾ǳĲӣżɽ
ַףԼȥ˾ϣ˾ֱӣΪ˵Ҫȥ˾ְλ
Щھˣæ˾ŵ鶼ᣬ˾᳤ҪϡҲûб˼ֻ˵᳤ֻʲôʱʱȥǹ᳤ֻͣһ¶֪ʶ
ַɲ˾̨϶Ӧģ᳤ʱĻһȥҶ᳤򶭻᳤ѧϰѧϰ
ƽкʹͬеıĻ˾ɹõ־ǩֵĺԼ
ȥ֮˾Ϊַٿһ칦磬ҶȵĶ̴
˾ַظңַһǳͨסլסţﻵǳĺãҪ徻ַ粻ϲرҺͳֵĵط
Ǳ˸ˡַһַ֧̣ٳ̵ģҲֻӡ
֪˾Ҳһǿߣ˾صذŵġ
ִʦźȵĶ̴ôô;ˣ
ַȻ˵Լɼܸˣùѹȥ㣬˦˺ˡ
˾ļܸߣȴô˦ˡ
˾ԽԽĳȻǰиСսȥȻִʦ³Щˣ
ַУΣգ
ִʦҵΣǵĿ㣬ңž׷ңҲôġ
ðɡ
ַ³֮ԾһݶֱһȥֻҪӵԼסĵطͻû£ס˺ܶ칫ˡ
һŰַһСԼסĵطֻˡ
ַСֻҪӾͿ԰ȫˡ
ַճһɱĺϮԼĵףַ绹ʲô飬巴Եȥ
ˢ
ԼǰһӣѪֱַȥһղվĵط֡
գҺַļʱֻǰﱻƣһƤˡ
ӰӺڰ֮˳
ַ磬û뵽ҵĴɱ㻹е㱾¡
ӰҲǷǳԾԼһתĸ֣ղϢȫһȻԷ˹ȥ
ȻַСɽﳤ󣬳ԣӷӦԱһټʤǰ
㣡
ȻԼַ绹ˡ
û뵽ԷôʶԼαװûҡ
ַЦôԱߵλǺ˰ɣ
ȻϳˣҲûбҪαװˡֱ˺¶˱Ŀ
ַΪʲôɱң
ΪʲôѵԼ𣿡
Դ칫֮ʦΧת㴦ˣ˸᳤ְλѹһͷ˵ò
ַЦɱңǵĸ᳤ھڶ칫ḽǶͻܶ˹Ϊ𣿡
Ҳڼˣ賿ˣοɱֵֻ֪ûеĸ˵ֵ֪˵ʵҪɱ㣬̫ˣȻɱ֮ǰĶؼһȫʬ
ַԷٵתţ˵ĿȻɱҵûеĸ֪ôһ·׷ҵ˭أ϶Ƿˣң϶Ըң˴ʲôЧ
ַҪؼԣɱҲԡ¸ǣǵϾ͵µʱѲ
ǵˣ
Ц˵ǱǸ˾ɣǾûҲòҲãӰǵļƻ
㽻ؼ
ͻȻ֣һȭַؿڻȥ
ַ硰ҡĶܣǻǱȭУһ±ſڵϣһѪַ硱˳
Сôôֱơ
ҰɣҲֻǳߣǶ֡ǲҪҡַίģ֮ȫǿ־塣
ǵûȷûе쾳磬ðɣңؼأ
ַĵؼһýʲôǷһ·ĻһὫؼǣ
ã㽻ؼƽУ㲻ߺߣ㽻ؼɱ㣡
ַؼҼҵһuһܵĵطţUǼܵģûǽⲻģȥҲûã
ȥңֱӹסַĹϢַ粻˵
Юַ磬һҹɫ֮п첽ߣǳСģÿ·ǽͷäܲģֱӽͷ飡
ӣͻȻһµ˳˹ĸˣ𵶾˿˹


107 鷨ʦ
֪ô£˽ַ籣м䣬ĸ˴
ʲôˣ
ĸ˶𻰣϶±¶ݡ
ַ˵˻ˣַˣҲĳĸȻѾ쾳磬ǸԼ˵Ķ֡
϶סĸƣҪսپ
˵ΪҲ㣬ֻңԣ˽ַ籣ס˵ĹֻزǴ´ġһһֱƿдʮ֮ڽնɱ
ɱһ˺ֵǵսȦʱڷſֽţһսһַһ߳һϷġ
ģǵʲôģ칫Ҷ
һƷ֮󣬲ûɱˣǽָĺ˺˵˺죬ֽв֡
ַ󵽵ʲô
˵ǰɣǾȥɣһ˵ͷ­
ڷɱֵͬʱûʶַѾѾ˵һɱǸֵĽѾվ˷ı
ֱַʹǽһʽһġ޴ڷţַʱ򣬷ǻѾȫ顣һ˿תɱԼַ磬۲ʵĵȥ
ַɱʱҹɫ֮£ַֻ벻ʱ䣡¸ûзַɱģΪڷȥʱַýסĺ죬£ǵĴѾˣ
硭
硭
ƿ˶ֳ˹Ĳŭգȫûַô˵ֱɱ˹ȥ
˵ΪͱָһתڼϷ˱ŭ˵սֱߵţһӵʱڣѾִˡ
˵ǵʲôˣݺݵĶˣֲ˵һ룬ֱӻֱȡֵ
˵ȫѾ߰˽Ѿһ󶴣ǻȵվԭأʲô˲Ҫַ
Ȼŭǲַˣ
ɱַˣôַˣ˹Цţ˷ǳЦ¡
ʲôˣɱǴǾ͵ĳལĽÿһٵĲ
֪Լܲһ˫ֻƣ֮ŻȵϢǰƶȥҪҲ㲻ܣ
һаЦ֮͵ļ˼˵ֱȥ
ںΪԼһضնɱ֮ʱĽ˵ŻмʱͻȻԼеĳɣ֮пտҲ
ΪԼҪ֮ʱͻȻֵɣ˫ûκεţݺݵػںؿڡ
ƴһǺε֮󣡺ֱӱɣڿлһĻص˵ϣ֪Ҳѵ˵ϡ
ַߵ˵ĸǰ֮ǰȡЩ䡣
ţ
ֱַ˵ĲĨһ£֮ܵǰװƣ͵͵ɱ˺졣
£ŵˣַ´󺰡
ַ磬㻹Ÿʲôæɱˣϸʦ˵ûд˿̲ǿ˽˶ԹʱˡַȻʼԼˣŲһҪһʱ˾֪
ַ粢ûǰȥæǲ˾ĵ绰ַ籯ķֻ֣ûźšֻ˵һ⣬źűˣ
ַһ󺰡
û뵽С޶ܷҡ
֮дһЦһڷַ߳׿⡣
һۣͷϴºñ屻Ӱţֻ¶һſݵ׺ѪɫһƬɷף¼ŵҹһһֲ
ɼŵĹڰʹߡַӸղɵǸ˵ļ﷭ĳˡ
ʶң
ֹţôʶңҼǵҵʶͬʶҵ˲
Ԫת֣ĺڰԣΪĺϲںڰ֮ǱУɱ
ڰʹߵûҵϸģԸΪˣҾͲǱкͰɱˡ
ַƽĵôôɱң
һԪɱһ֣ʲôѣڰʹȻַҲΪʲôԼȥɱһôͼˡ
ܣڰʹ߷ɱԼĶֺܣȥٶ죬ٶ׵ľ뼸˲͵һоɥ
һǳصħȣħĹĥƶɣһãõ˫֮Ƕıʯ
ַ羪̾鷨ʦħ˫ݵ鷨ʦ
ڰʹɭЦţ᲻ɱˣĲɱ㣬
ַ֮ȫǺˮΪվںڰʹߵǰԼоڰʹ߾һɽԼһССϣȻַܶԪ֣ЩԪָûͷԼϢȥѹԼǰԪڸ֣ȫͷԼںڰϢֱӵԼһˣ
ַоƵĻţʲôԼ棬Լ
оʦֲᣬкܴͻƣһֱûʱ֣ɣҵ¼֮£Ҳ㸣ˡ
źڰʹߵĻ䣬ռһƬɫѸٵţַʱоԼĻһƬɫֲַָ缫ԼʶɢųȥȴķԼʶǵĵطֻһ׶һ㣡һԪڸֵѹƣ
ַ͵ƶʮףɫ·ޱ޼һ㣬Լ͵ǰҷ˼еĹһûаӦ
ַͻȻоֱڰϢǳǳůĻ֮һ
ôеĺڰϢڸַ紫һϢϲ㡣
ٺ١ַаЦ׼ʹɼܵʱ򣬽ַĶ𼱣ڲҪɣ˷Դʹǡڰռ䡯ǵһ㣬ʹ˵ڶɰɡһҲ
ַҸо⹦ͦģҿѧ𣿡
ѧһȰ㲻ҪѧȻ˵ںţԺͻɼߣСħڣĹ˷ʱ˷ѾУɺڰʹ˲˹ݵĻѧɡ
ַڰʹǸģֱӴ˸޵ҲѧҲѧ
治棿ǲǾûзУ֪Ϊʲô˵һΣյһΪʲôͷأԭֻһһתĲ񣡾Ȼõĺڰʹɱֱһ裡
֮еԽԽߣַҲԽԽ£Լֱ治巽ҲҲڰʹߵʲôطԼһֻץС
ͳһսַţԷԼ̰ǹһԿԺһԪڸֿ⣡
սĿ죡Ҫ㣬ҲŽҲſġ


108 ˭˭
ɭڿռصš
꣡
ͻȻһַǰַؿڱһĿӣֻƤˣȻԷûַֻ֣硣
ţһһĻַ壬ַãƤѪ
ַûл֮ȻǳǱֻ˶ѣδ˼ǡ
ÿλַ磬ڰʹ߶ַһַ粢ķǳ侲׽ڰʹߵλá
һ޴ĽӺ˹ַ͵ԾֱӶ˽ĹΧȻ˳ֱ彣˽ķ
һƺߴַĶַ֪ԷԼˡ
Сӣ
ڰʹŭˣû뵽ַ羹ȻҵԼλãԼȻԼ޷¹ԼֻǻԼ·û˵ԼҲǺڰʹ޷̵ġ
ڰʹɭЦţһĽںڰռﴩţַȻŶŴĽ⣬Ǽ彣˲Сˡ
飬ʲôʱɣȥҾûˣ
ַоÿÿԵǻֱèץǳıʱˣɵڰռͺڰʹ潻ս
ٵȵȣ湻ˣ϶ųڶռģʱһʰ
ַĬˣַֺ֪ڰӽǳаԽ鲻ûᡣ
ڰʹĲַֺǱģзǳˬ֪˵ͬʱԼ϶ôˡ
ַһʹಢţںڰĿռر̹̹ͬʱҪȥĹģַоܶϢΧĺڰݸԼģԼĸйжϳԴ
ַΪ֤ʵһ㣬ֱӱ˫ֿۣȻһϮ֮ʱһɹɵСĴݸԼĴԣܹι
ַдϲźЩڰͨЩַ֮ܵ󣬸ϲȸԾÿʶһ㣬ַܸоǵ
ڰʹʲôλַȻŽԼЩЩܿѶϢַҲ֪˺ڰʹߵλã
ڰʹԼͷ֮⣡
̰ǹ£
ôõַɽһı
һڶ
ֱַԼͷǿڰռһ󶶶ɫֱӽڰռĻһӣַ˳Ž֮źͲ˼ĺڰʹߡ
̰ǹַľУһһӳɣͣһ޵У
ڰʹ߱ûзûʶַᷢԼλãӲ뵽ַƿԼĺڰռ䣡
ڰʹַ߱͵ϮֱӴڵ棬ҺúڰʹԪַ֣Ĺſ˺ڰܣһĽ⹥ڻ֮繥ڸ֮һĽ
ַĵܳһ˿ѺۣڰʹߺӲˣַһ޵е׷ȥ
ĽѷһЩ彣ѷ𽥵Ŀ󣻵ڳһǺڰʹǺεڻֿܳĵһʱǿȥܶʱֱȱ
ľаɣ㲻Ҫ˼Ĳ죡ҵʮ޷Խģ
ַ粻ڰʹߵĿΪҪԵ߽ƺڰʹߵĿ
һ
ǰһĵ߽
ûо޴ҲûѤĳ棬޴ΧַѸת漴ڿл˵ߵ㡣ߵâͼֻ֮ǻһӰӿж䣬ֱڰʹߵĻϴ˹ȥ
Ӱֱ֮Ӵ˻ܣǺڰʹߵ塣

һѳƬ漴һɺɫڰʹߵĸֱӱ˸󶴣ûѪҲκε࣬һֱӿۿĴ󶴣Ҷеڼɺ˺źڰʹߵ壡
ħʦʿûа취ȣֻҪƿķԿشԷ
ǵ߽ϴں⶯֮ʱʹĵ߽ʱѾɵȫգΪַ粻ɱ⣡
ڰʹʹ˻ţ߶鹦Լۿɼٶš
ַһѵ鷨ʦĿ֮
ַܵĿ־УʲôȻ壬˴֮鷨ʦģֻҪ겻ǵҲûйϵ鷨ʦļܵͣû̶ֳȣֻҪɱҲˡ
ַ׼ڰʹߣֹˣһ£΢Ļָһ£Ȼħ˫ݣ϶㶯似ˡ϶ʹڶռԸ㣡ʱһǸʲôЧ
ڰʹΪԼŪַ磬ַ֪һֱԼһַͽƵȦס
ڰʹߺܿĻָ˹ַ硣ų˵ʱ㹥ң㻹һܡôǲʹôҲĵɽˮˣѾָЩ㳢Һڰռڶ㣡Ҫ֮أ
ַЦ˭˭
ڰʹߵĻ䣬һѪʼڿһɹŻַǲ
ַס񣬸ӦַܵʧˣûиоʲôϤϢֻһָоǡ£
Ѫ֮Ʈɢַ꣬ƮƮȥʱһŭʱһǺļС
˵ַһĻ֮лоǳĿ־壬ַûУ෴ģַķǳƽκε鶼ӦӰ쵽ԼľԼ˼
ɣ°ɣ־ɣҽЩôɵȫųǵԹǵĳ޶йϣ˺Ƭ
ǣڵʲôЩ˺ƬҲ˺飡óԶʧ
޾Ѹٵַ߾£ʮʱ䣬ǧۼַַܽİΧЩֻǰΧַ磬ַŭ˻ţûһַһ׷Χ֮ڡ
飬ҪİɣҪ𣿡
𼱣ڷʱٶ֣յĸࡣ
飬ΪʲôЩ겻ңǲĹ
ǣһūͻṥԼô
ַ粻ʵʲô˼
ʵҲûʲôһкڰԵĶȫߣ
ַ֪鲻˵ԭַҲʡ
Ϊʲô˺飡˺顭ڰʹߵĺռ䣬Щںڰʹߵ֮ɧţ˻ţȥǾǲַ磬Щ˫Ķַ磬š
ô£ѵҿƲ˵ڶռΪʲôϴɱԪֵʱҶ磬ô£


109 ڤ
ڰʹһŭ֮¼ٵתռѪԽԽŨܣַĺЩѡ
ǽڰʹ߼Щѹ֮·ǳĺ£־壬ǵ뵽ַߵʱоӵĿ־塭
ڰʹͷųе꣬Щûһַ硣
ڰʹܻŭţ
ʱʱˣ
ɣ
ֱַתȫʩչɼܣܵоַ֮Ѱһֽһ㣬ǰ̵ĳַ磬ȫַ塣ѪҲԽԽϡ
ڰʹͻȻеһɲ֮䶼ʧȥ˿ơ
ôôڰʹ߷ţֹͣתԼͺڰռϿϵоһǿԼΥĿռ֮
̶̵һʱһлָڰռȫַɣ˷ܵĴУ̫ˬˣȻһûгԱһ֮ڣҲó˯ˣ
ЦͻȻȻԣЩ궼ʶˡ
ô£ַͻȻǧԼҪԼںϡ
Щûж⣬ûƻַ꣬ͻϢַ̲סһ
ֳˣϲľȻ飡ô˷ˣЩںϣҰЩϣ
˽Ļַ꣬Щ˽ڵλá
ЩַܿϣıַգЩַûаų⣬Ľϣ
ַֻһ̹ǳ˳
콫Լع鵤
ַ缱æԼת֮ڲһ

֮ͻȻɽ鱩һ㣬ֱӳַ֫ٺϸ
ַľһ±ĹǺָֻܿƽЩ˳ַĿƣԽȫÿһλعַüģַüĳһӡǡ
ڤ󷨣ѧϰǳļ򵥣ɣͺ塣꣬ҵľħԶˣֱӰ壬ֻҪ㽫Լ棬ͿԺ壬ѧô
š
һϢַϱַȫһ쳣ţȫƤ˲ɷף֮ȫȡ޾ĺڶһ
һֻʮʱ䡣
ַоԼ쾳ҪԽüΣʩչԪڶ
ڰʹڵϣѪɫɫѾĻҰףɿݣݡ
ڰʹ翴һħһ㿴ַ磬˫֮Ǿ֣ܵģܣʦ˵˱ҵȼߵ鷨ʦ֮⣬κ˶ƽҵĺڰռģֻһߣ鷨ʦ㡭㵽ʲôˡ
ַ絭ĵҶһкڰħߡ
ַ˵ڰʹȥ鲻ַԭַʱˡ
ԺڰħߡһкڰħߡڰʹͻȻʵЦš
˵棬ԺڰħߵֻһǾħ֮ħˣ
ϻ˵ħ֮ħʲôˣ
ħ֮ħħһǧǰħɱ
ˣ˵˵ַɲźڰʹԡ
һɱַϱڰʹߴӵڵĵַ磬ɱңǲŹģ
˭ڶ칫ĵ̵ңַҪ֮ʱһϵԶţһɪСӰ˵ǰ
ַȥϵϢָתˡ
үү
ַ磡
Ƕ칫ῴŵʤڰʹ߱ԼǿĹƬκ˾첻߷飬ںڰʹ߹ȫʧн⿪ʤһλԪڸ֣һʱӦЩǵһʱ˹
ʤɨս˷˵ʬ壬Ǿȣ֮Ŀ⿴˺ڰʹߣ֮п˿ַ磬Ѿôˣϵľȱ˲ţڰʹߣ˭˳ⷬģ
ڰʹ߷һЦţַңҲ벻ɣ
ʤһ㶣ַɨ˼Ȧûзʲô쳣
ʤźڰʹߣһˣ͸ˣܣ
ڰʹҧгݵĵʤûˣ˵𣿡

ʤЦˣˣ㻹Ǳһ쾳ߴ˵ģһЦ˵ΪʲôҪԸ칫ᣬѵŲƽд𣿡
ڰʹ֪ԼҪˣȻʲôҪ־͹ַɣҪɱַֻ磬˭˾۵ĵܳɱ˾ɱˣôˣϷһϷɱôˣ֪ôһ죡Ϸһ쾳ϷʵڲİҲİ
ðɣģʤӰһֱӹȥ˫ı˺ڰʹߵͷ
ʤˣַ磬һȥˣ㱨˾ʲôҿ԰֤
ллүү
ַͳ˵绰ι
᳤ֻʲô°ôϢ˾ڶַǳĿַˣڶ칫ᡣ
˾֣һϢһϢĸ
õİɡ˾оЩԾƤֱ
ţŵҪԸǶ칫ᣬȫɱˡ
˾һֱӰѱһŵ˵ϣڴϣʲôû°ɣû¾ͺáɱ˾ɱˣɱǼˣǲҰôġŶϢأ
ַ絭ĵȫɱˡ
ʲô˾ַĶ𱬡
˵ʲôεСһ㣬ַĶĤۡ
ַ绺ĵǺ֮ڻؼҵ·˷ˣֽҵĶ켼ܣ˼䣬ͳһȺˣ֮ʹɼɳĸ֣һԪ֡ĸκβǵģǸԪ̫ˣųŵһ֡ڰʹߡ
ڰʹߣ˵һɱ߸Ԫֵĺڰʹߣ
˾ŵĵôˣڰʹôģ
ַЩ˵ĵʤǰɱ˺ڰʹߡǺڰʹ̫ǿˣǶˣ˾֣ڰ˳䰡
ַɲ˵ڰʹԼɱģ˵ˣ˾ҲŵġڰʹߵȷʤɱģֻǱַ֮ʤɱģַ֪ʱʤǹôģԼ˾㱨ʱ˵
ţһҪţʹͬеıʤˣ˾ǳĸˣǸ˾ûأֱ˸جģ˾ܵĴǳ
˾ЩַĻʤڳʱ˻ɡΪʤ˾ʦ壡
˾ӲôǴС͸˾ģ˾ĸǳ񣬾£˾ѹȥοƹܵʵȨգͬʱˣô칫ͻһƬң˾һµˣΣӵĴ˾ĵߣ˾Ųݡ
˾ûϸַ絽ΪʲôŻᶯ֣ΪʱԭѾûʲôˣѾˣѾսˣʲôԭ򣡶Ҫս
ڶһ˾ٿ飬جĸ֪и߲㣡
ַ翴᳡ϵ˾ǳ򾲣Ƕİ׷
ãȻһͬ⿪սھսܹܣ˵˵Ŀ
ܹܵһ֪Ϊ໥̲괦ս֮Уŵϣһ£ӹ٣ͨǧϡԪڸˣֲĺڰʹѾʣĸһࡣǶ칫Ԫ־Ҳʮս֮ϸ޷ſ⣡ԣΪҪԸŵĻҪͱһԸšҪ˵Ķźš
˾˵ͷܹ˵ĺе˵
ַŵϣľԼһ֮ܣһɵ־һٶ࣡ԼļЩһַ綼ȥЩɵĸжˡ
ܹܵźƽɡС޼һֱкڰʹߵĴڣʼѹźɡʱǸźɣѾɱ˺ڰʹߣҪϣţǿ϶Ӧģ
˾޿ڲܹ˵ĺáؾʲôأ
ܹ˵ûȥź˵ʱ򣬿ԿṩһЩǣǿ϶ٷְͬ⣡
˾ţؾ뷨Ҳ᳤ֻأ
ַ絭ĵҽֱȥܲʦ
ַˡ˾˶һ
ִܹܵʦŶ᳤ֱֻȥʦ뻢𣿣
Ҳ᳤ֻ²ԭʲôżȻɳĺڰʹ߶ԸǶ칫ᣬǾ˵뽫Ƕ칫أԣ᳤ֻ˵Ҳ޳ɡ
˾λȱ𼱣᳤ֻ˵ȥ
ַһ˼·ܹܺͺؾĽҶ޳ɣȥź˵ĻźһʨӴ󿪿ҪģǶ칫ѾôңʧһǮôȥչеľôԺ˾᳤ԣҽŵǮȥźȥţǲ֣
ʲôŵǮȥţ˾Щεĸо
ַЦЦƻġ
ã˾ȫȨַȥ
ĸ۹󣬶յЦ
šַ¾ͽҰɣܶ࣬˾᳤鰲źþͺˡ
ã


110 ѵ̫ࣿ
ڶ죬ַ˵ɢϢɱ˶칫ӣŵĵһֺڰʹ߱칫ɱɢ칫Ὣʦ
²ţ´ǧʱ䣬ƽеĴС֪£ź֪ºá

ҳܲɽֲ漸˵ŭĴܲ
鷿֮ڣڿüͷе鼮ھǰһĸĿгھɴ˺£κ˶Ŀ
߳鷿ɽƽĵɽ㴳ܲʲô˼
ʲô˼
ɽŭŮҪ˰ɱַ磬ַûǵȫˡˣҲûʲôŵһֺڰʹˣƽУ֮⣬ûܴùڰʹߣҾһıҪһ
ǿЦôƽûʲôýģҪҽĻô
ĻκɱɽоѾоɱģ
ǰɽæһЩĵʧȫһ⣡ڵ˲أȻҲûйǰ˼ڶ칫Ѿ֪źıģһϵˣǰֻǰѡ
ɽ֪ԼﲻģҲûֻҪҪһ˵ĿǳʲôˣվԼߣƽоû˸Ҷǣ
һʼʱɽƳĳ˽Ǹû뵽Լˣ£һ
赭дĵܳ㣬Ѿһ˵ˣºûκιϵԼɡ
˵꣬ɽԽ鷿
ߣɽֻܳԸưͿʵ֪ǵõԼף½ѩܾ֮󣬺ڰʹ߾ֻ˵½ѩһ䣬ֱһоͽڰʹߴ˳ȥ
֯ɽĸɽʲôͷôô
ɽҡͷҲ֪ʲôͷʦʱ˵˾һֱڣʦ˵ƽ£κˣ㲻ˣУ˭ˣô˾ԻڶϣǸ˭ж
Աߵ˵ҾͲˡǸַ粻Ů½ѩôɱַ磬Ϊʲôأ
ɽ˼ѵַҶĴڣ
ɽԼĻһڰʹҲˣԽԽ¡
鷿½ѩŭĳ˽ңΪʲôɱַ磡Ҫ֪ԭ򣡡
е飬ûлش½ѩĻ
ңΪʲôСʲôңҪϵ㶼ժңΪʲôַ˲ɱ㲻ԭҾȥɱַ磡
ڷе飬תͷƽĿ½ѩҪɱַ磬ҸӦһħħһҶ޷ܵѩ룬̫ԭؽĴңɱ˶һƽж칫ĸ᳤һʦȻЩݲҪҪʵǺڰʹۿģһһתˣɱһԪת鷨ʦ㶮ѩַֻΪѣΪСҺܱǸ
½ѩŤͷȥŭ߶ȥ

ҹַϴ裬̹Ĵϣﱧһֱ˯СèСè˳ëȥʦ֮¡
ͻȻԼĴоһ˿Σգַһ߿ӣǽַϣַҵţӰڿ
˲δ棬ȴĿݺһصĹ仯һģˣ
ַǽһƬʪǳĽţ˲֣ҲԪ֣ǱԪָǿĴڡڣ
ַоԼȫϢ޷ƶһԼĹȫѹƣשǿϢһɽѹַĵףַ紭
ǿߣǿߣһʲôʱôˣ
ǡǡʲôˣַȫ˵仰
û˻شַĻһ˵ǲҴˣϸû
һôʮɳ˾ˣһֱ׷ɱľˣŪġףˣҲоϵˡ
һҲˣǰҲо鱨˵ˣַ磬ɽʡƽ̫ԭţͷ壡ڶ칫ᣬǹĸ᳤˾û
ͻȻͬʱһˣ
ʲôߣ
˭ͨ챾죿ô£
˷ַϵѾˣоκˣǽһģǸ˾Իǰȴվ
Сӣ˵˭һַš
ʱȥ˶ַַѵڵϣæתָԼ
ʲôҸͲ֪ʲôˣַ֪Լ£񱻽ˡ
ǱҪȡˣڲɱˣ˭ǾͷŹ㣬ҪȻֻ·һ
ʱһ˿Ҫ϶۸һСӣǿЦ
£һɫӰڿ
˸û棬Ҳ˵òҪǣַ羹Ȼ˵ΪǳнڣַԼκʵļҩϣߵΪǰַȴ壡Ǹͨˣַ綼ţһôѣܵԼʲô
ַоκεɱоκεΪԽַĵԽ¡
һ˵ĶԺӰ˭
ǵΪǿ˭ģ֪˭ǲռˣԸַ磬ǻİɡȥҪȻͰɡ
ӰĿȫûа˷
˵֮󣬺Ӱģ֮һ˿
һ˿âһͻȻ㡭һˡ
˵ĻҲˣʲô¹ģ֪ˣǻȥ֪֮壬ԺҲɱַˣǱ֤

źӰĻ䣬ȿֺĴӴ¡
־ͱһ仰ˣ˵жǿղǸ˵һˣѵ̫ࣿ
˴˿ַ֪Ϲ룬ֱӻذַġ
лл¾һ¸ַ֪һر
ƽĵ˭ҪرҲͲˣǸպɾ㣬Ҳ㣬Ҳˡֻһ£ҪԸ½ѩҲҪԸ֯½ѩԸ飬Ǹ⳥ǸˣӦ֪ô
ҵǸһָҵǸַ羪ȵĳͣԼҪԸ½ѩ֯
˲ַ翪ڣһɫӷԱߵϣɫɢ͵ĹâֹâһůͰĸо
ס˵Ļһ紵գۼʧ


111 װ
飬öˣҰַԺ˵Ǻö϶
ֱַ˾飬оһɹɱ̹ϢԼľ߱ȫַоڰǳǿɵҪԼűһ㣡
ַϥžԼľﻺһԼﰴй·ŴС졣
һ֮ûϣֱ֮ŻصԼ꣬Լȫϡ
ˣ˿̣Ѿ΢΢ַæһϡ
ǰˣ˵ҰҪԼ
ַƲͣʲô鶼㣬ǻʲô˼ҿվɣ
ıҴ첻ԡ
飬ǸöַоԼľǳĳ棬йٵȺ˼·ݶȱǰ˲١
ǵȻˣʱ侲κΣ֮¶һ侲ĴԡΪˣ֪ӵĺôˡô磿
ַղǸ˾֯ϴ飬ǸʲôΪ
ǺǣΪѹڡߡΪҲ綥Ĵڣһˡ
ʲôַ̫ࣿ˷Ǹ˵Ĳһˡ
һһǣңһƲлꡣˣ˵ôˡԸ㣬ҲҪȥˣ˸ղɱĻֵûУҸ壬ҲԸˡ
ַֻ֮裬ǰš
سǱĸ߶ɽݺݵĶеˣ죬٣Ǿɱ٣
Աߵ˵칫ΰѶֵô󣬾ԲѰģƽиɶΧۣ˫ν£칫Ҫֲѡ춯ֵģοԶ칫ʵԸǵţܣǽĿľ뿴ǵ̬ȣǵĵϸ
ַ絽֮ܲﲻǧˣ߶ɽ˺ַǳ⼸ԼںöСɶǰ֡
ɽӹַ糶ɤ޼ɵĴš
ַǹģҪĵ˶֪칤εǿƣ
Χ۵˶겻ѣû뵽᳤ֻһͺ˺Ƥ
ɽڴһ˳ɫǳѿ첽ߵ򳡡
ַһ͵ֱӸɽһƣ
ɽɨһȦƽдСɵ˶ǰȴźŵ
ɽַ磬ַֻˣΪܵͣһҳӵģҲ֪л͵ءæЦӭĶ᳤ַֻ֪ǰкָ̣
ַŭѵΪ߶ʲô»˵ǵɱǶ칫ŵӣҪһ
ַǿɽһȻæ᳤ֻڼᡣźͶ칫ƽദô꣬ûзκγͻǶ칫ģǶ칫᳤ڵĿͻôɱǵĹӦأǰʯͷԼĽŰ
ַ翴ȣٺһЦô˵ǲˣҪҪǰǵӵʬںڰʹߵʬӷĹڳԸϣ
ɽæҡ֣Ҳ˼ҵ˼ǣεжǺڰʹǵԸǣǵԸǣʲô֪
ɽ֯ȥɽңѾ׿ڸ˵ˣºûϵɽѱ
ַҲǳƣΪʲôɽ鶼ҰζƵһϣû֯
ϵѾַ粻Ҫ½ѩãַļƻͿʵˡ
Ƶһɶôˣ
ַ˲˵µĻʹǲ㣬ʵǰǵ˳ǵĵɱǵˣҪǶ칫һ뽫һϵĻһĻǶ칫Ųݣ
ַ̬ȷǳǿӲ㲻һ˵ҾͺսɽҲǴˣַ˼ֻҪԼˣôͺðˡ
ô˵Ŀ֮£ɽôܷأοǰֻһδɵСӶѣСӶԸˣԼʲôأ
ã
ɽҸǶ칫һ˵ҲҪһ˵ˣڵһֺڰʹˣˣǶ칫Ҳһ
ַ΢ЦţĵǲײĲˣ˼ǣǶ칫Ըǣĸȥɱŵһ֣ĸȥɱһֻ󣿣⻰˵ȥţΧģ˭ţ
ɽĵôڰʹôˣǱǵɱˣǵԤıǰвڵĵһ֣Ȼɢҥԣ˵ԸǣţǾʦһһĲǣ˵Ŀɶԣ᳤ֻ
ַû뵽ɽĿڲŻôã
ãȻô˵Ƕ칫ʽսݣҪǺˣ˫սǵĺԮǹңǸûкԮڵĸȻûǶ࣬ϼ־ͿţɲҪˣһʦȨȥϵԪֻ߸ĸ֣
ַǶʦɽҲǸյϢ֪һʦǿԾѡʡ칫Ļ᳤ģһһʮĴʦ֮ǰ;ַ翪輸ֹûġ
ввɽûκεİ취ֻܵͷڰʹڵĻԲͷɲԼˡ
ַҲɽˣõ費˵Ľ赽ˣôԼǷ˼ôһ飬϶Լͱڶ칫ȦˣԺûˡ
ɽͷǺԼŷԷ϶ѻ˵ôԼ찡ĿǰҪʲôӣ
᳤ֻ㵽ô
ַЦôǷǶ칫һûнˣǰǮˣ֮ٿսɣ
ɽһ㶣ʲôʱǷıˣ
ɽ׶Է˼ˣģթӣ
ɽתһ룬ֻҪǮֻҪǮˣ϶ûˡթװǣɽֻꡣ
ɽæĵϵһҸģ֮һͷǸĹܲģ᳤ֻǷǶǮأ
ַ絭ĵҲ࣬ȥͷҲʮڡ
ɽæ˸ԼʽҲʮڣԷǵԼˣԷûнԼأҪȻͲֹĿˡ
ɽæã᳤ֻǷǵǮͻصˡ
ߣòҪˣʲô
ַﳤȥ
ɽַȥһİֻҪѹͺãǮûˣ׬ģ
ڶ죬ɽʮڸյˡַſȥš
һӣ̰ƺɫĺΪԪת
ʲô᳤ֻأЦеӭַ磬Ǻþòһ㡣
ַһڲֱӿżɽأһͲֽѣҵļ񡣡
ַ˵ţһӣһͬ顣֪ܱߵļЩͻǵĲҲЩţͬأǽζۣпʮڣΪ˽ŵȼü֮
Ǹˣæܵʹ˸ɫΧߡ
⿴֮ͬ۾гһ죬֣ҽˡѹѣ˲˵ʲô»ֱ˵
ˣԸšַķǳֱӡ
ַĻʮһ㣬ȴ治ɫĵƽô꣬ԸҲװ
ַ֪ԷԼļƻǵƽô꣬ѹźţΪһڰʹ߳źܺǷͥںڰʹˣźȫԸţǶ칫ṩϳ˵űеʽǶҪһǩһԵĺԼ֤ƽ֮ź󣡡
ƲƲۣ϶Ҫǵۺǵûκγͻǵĵ̣ҪʲôʽʮڣѾǱ˼ҵһˣΪҲ֪ô
ַ֪ԼǲֲܲӦźֱŻЩΣգж칫æʤǰٷ֮٣ôǧѷĺûᣬôܴ
ãҴӦ㣡
ַֹˬ죡Ƕ칫ضһҵĻ͵طɷͻĻӰǳĲãӰ쵽ǻ᳤Ĵѡԣ飬ֻܳǮֻóˡ


112 ַսɽ
ַȥţ˵ŵ
ֱֱȥ˵Ĩǣַ翪֮ʹӦ˺ַ
Ȼַ֪ԼӲ֮󣬲϶ͨȻַĳͲһģһ
˶֪ԼŵǹʹˣֲܾܾΪԱ˴˶кô
ȴ٣
źŵڶʽԸţַ˾վһõ¥ÿԿɻƴĳ档
˵ĵ绰ţһֱڵźϢ
ι᳤ϢŵԪѾɱ
᳤ɽŵĵһ붼Ͷˡ
ͶҲȫɱˡ
Զɻƴĳ棬ĺϢĲֺ
绰ͻȻһٵɽˣˣĲӶź׷
ɽˣ˾ַ綼ô²
ַ磡ҵˣ
һŭ˾ַĶڣţһãѪ˳˵֮С
ɽ
˾ַ綼оǳ⣬ɽôҵ
Ǻ𣿣Ҵģ
ţһ߳ɽߡ
ƽ᳤ëԣַʶˣǰַӳ̫ԭأɽʡ᳤ܻסëһλ
ëԿַһۣĿƵ˾ϣĵ˾᳤Ƕ칫ǾˮˮΣƽϴƣ㵽ʲô˼ѵ𣿡
˾һЦë᳤ȫ֮ķǶ칫ûаϵο֮ķûǣκһͨˣֻһŶѣαôС֣˵ŵĺڰʹҲѹܾãγȥţҲǶֺôô㵽кĿģ˵ɡ
˾һƵĸɸɾ칫ȷδһһ䡣
ë֪Լץס˾İѱֱӿżɽĵɽһĿˣұˡԺǲҪˣ
˾ŭУɱ״ӣŵˣһҲ
ɽԴŭ˾㲻Ҫ̫ˣııǡ֯ôȥأ
˾ɫһģϻܶԸǶ칫ɽֻǱˣͷ֪
ɽҲ֪ȫ½ѩԼæ
ëԵ˾᳤ͬΪ͸Ϸһӣɽһ˰ɡ
˾ЦӣҪҷˣ𣿣ë᳤˲£㵽ɽʲôô
˾֪ëһɽĺôǷǳĺôëԲԳ汣ɽҪȻΪһɽԼ
ëԲʲôô֮ɽһĿڣǱˣҪɱɽġ
˾һӣŭôвң
ëԵв㣬ôѵǶ칫鿪ս
ݣ˾ֱӱ˴ֿڣ˾̣¾Բ̣
˾Ҳףëܰѻ˵ϣ϶ɽëԵĶֵô࣡
˾ŭսͿսëԣҪΪ㲻ɣ
˾꣬ͻȻ׵ĳ֣һצԶɽץ˹ȥ
˾ףֻҪɱɽһͻ칫Զʽսģǹҵִֺ֯ܣĴֻ˾ëԵ˶ԹᳶϸԵ֯
ëԼ״Ҳ֣ɽǰ˾С
ԣ˶ûоȫֻԵĹ˼У˭Ҳûռˡ
˷ֿ˾ŭëԣΪһôôҪҴҷ㣡
ëԵЦҲ¸㣬ɽŵ֮㣬ô
˾񣡡
һɱԶյ°빦ôõĶ˾ҲŪ֣
˾ëԣ㻹ûְɣֵĻɱˣ
ɽЦţҲûдҪ뿪ֻҪҵļ뿪ƽоͺãֻһĿģҪַҪַ磡Ȼ񽻸ë᳤
ɽַ֮ǣ½ѩɽɱַ磬ڰʹˣִַĳթɽȻϹĶźŶԸԼһжַģɽ޲ýַǧУ
ɽַëԺγǣԼ¾̫ԭΪ˽ɱַˣһҪֻҪַˣַȻ֣ʱ򣬼ȵõֵõޣһ˫񣡶ַȫɽϣԼûйϵ
˾Цɽ̫ˣˣļֻܻҪ㽻˵һʱͻᱻëɱ
ַǰĿƽĿɽɱңʱ㣡ҳôɱҵˣȥȲȥˡ
ɽЦôĿ
˾Ҫֹǿַᶨ񣬵˵ͷ
ëԵЦЦɣҿ϶֣
ëȻΪַԲɽĶֻ֣Ҫ˾ͺá
ɽȻˣһ˵Ԫ֣ҪԸһ֣Ҳ׾֮£
ַ罫ǽǰȣɡ
һߵ˾ַеǽɫ䡣
һﲻ˵ǽô˵ûȥղôڵǽ޸ˣ˾оǽ֮е
˾ҡͷ̾вûп֮̽ģЩٺʵвеļֵǽڶ칫ᣬ˻ᷢùʲôã
ַ罫ϵᵽ˶壬˳еļơ
˶оַϢ쾳磬ֻ
ɽЦţַ磬Ϊղ˵Ļ۵ģһССһתߣʮҲɱ
𣿡ַƲͣӺˣҵľУҪʱҴſڵ£ƨźĪ
ַĻɽȫûзϡΪַɽͲһεģһǺһֻϻܣ˭ʤ˭Զ׼
ɽ϶ַذɣ
ַųԼϢ˵󻰣˲ŻԼӣ
̰ǹ£
ַֻһ֣ҪԸһԪ֣һʼʹǽ
ַ䣬ư磬·սճ
һʱ䣬ռ䱻һǿ֮Χ˶̾ѡ
ý˾ëͬʱ̾
ַԴΪ쾳֮ǽȷһΣ
ɽߣһСС죬Ԫĸ棡
ߵͼ߸λɽΧɱȥ
ħ֣
ɽ˶㣬һ˫ִ޾Ľץ˹ȥ
ַĳٶȿ죬ɽٶȸ죡ǾĲ죡
ۿɫҪɽУֻֻӰ򽣹ĵطֱץ˹ȥ
ɽ˫ֱ˷ƵĹͭɫ˫ΧɢŵĽΡ
ɫâʱֻץķ飡ǿĽڼʧ
ɽץеĽâ˫һʹ֮ѾѪģ
⡮ħ֡ܽԼ˫ֻΪһӲֿܵƻһеǴʱħ־ȻַĽâˣ
ȻֻСˣɽھ


113 
ַ羪̾ѵԪֵ
ַһԾһԪ߸֣û뵽ԼľڶԷĹ»ữΪУ
Ǻһ
еĽⱻ֮ʱַĵ߽ں϶ΪһΪһԲɽ˹ȥ
ĺã
ɽûħ֣æתһȣ
ɽĴȣһĹͭɫĶƵɽǰ
䣡
ɫԲºݺݵײڶ֮ϣײĵط¥ֱӱ͸ǿ֮Ļ˲һƬĩ
¥ݣ֮ڹľλԱһʱҳһš
һɽվʮ׿⣬ɫ԰ףȫ麹
ַ絭Ŀɽ治ܵסҵľС
ɽЦɣȻʹҵľУԪ֮޵еģûܵסľУԪ֣ˣ
ַĵҵҪҪ˭
ɱ
ǿƴɽ˲䱬һͭɫʵʻĵַ˹
ַ緢ûκζ֮أе·Գˮһĵ⽣ӰַֻӲӣ
˾һȫǺˮԶëԶ˾ֻҪ˾һ֣ëԻԥ
ַǴһ˿Цŵ죡
ַǽĻһͼǹܲ͸İΧסַ磡
һǹԲλַֽ籣档
ѵͬһʱײַķ֮ϡ
˾ëԵͬʱһѣ˾׼ڻѵĵһʱȫַȳëΪַˣ
˾ë˶ûпԼŵĽ
ֻǵصĵڽӴֵ˲䣬ĳصƣеֱԭ·أɽķ˹ȥ
״
˾ëͬʱȻޱȡ
ΪƵɽһٽַնɱ˾֣ɽҲа취ַɱǾԼҪʤʱ̣еĹȴͷԼ
ɽûʱ룬һ
ɱVSҶɽʹľУɽǳԼеĹжǿ
䣡
һ˲䣬¥ݣɽӰߵķݷ˳ȥ
ַվһƬ֮ϣɫЩ԰ףѾԼʣ޼ɽĻַֻԼġ
˫־תǽϣȻǿǹˡ
¥ݣ˲ڴˣڣʮǹΧַ磬˾ëˡ
ëóһֱ֤һģ˶˹ȥ
˼֤һɫͱ䣬æ·ǹȻ󹧾Ľ֤ëԡ
ëԵĶ⾯֮ڵ˽룡ϴ˵¾ͺá
⾯ʲôûʣо쳷ֳ
ʱ˵ĿⶢһƬʯѣţһѪӰʯ˳
ɽѾˣŵһѾڵȥһ룡ݺƽô꣬û뵽Լһ쾳֮˵У
ɽޱȵı
ַ磡ɽһŭ֮еԱһ㣬ַҧƬ
ַ絭Цɽ¸㣬ڰʹҵɱģͲҵĶ֣
˾ëͬʱһ㶣ڰʹ߲Ƕ칫ʤɱ𣿣ϸϸһ룬ʤĹɱڰʹߵĿ̫СˣûУԵʱ˾Ҳֻźڰʹʤɱģ
Ǵʱַ˵Լɱģ˶ܣ
㳢ҵռУ𣡡
ŭ֮еɽѾʧȥǣͲţһɱڰʹߣɱԼ
ַĬڤ󷨡
ַͷ֮ϵĺɫһɹӴϢַϱϢ֮˸оëȻھҵĲ
˾󾪣ʲô
ëԴŴ𾪣
ɽоַϵϢͻȻ۱䣬һĺڰϢ糱ˮһԼɽɫ࣬оַϵԼ޷ģԼȫʤʱڶ޷ģ
ɽľѷϿ񱩵˲ͱַϢѹȥǼϣò
ɽ˫һ临ӵӡӡһѹͭɫսâ䡣
𣡡
ɽеսֱֱַͷ˹ȥ
䡣
ڵȥ˲䣬һʮ׳ľ⵶аܽ¥ȫĴݻ٣
ַֻ̧֣սҪַͷ֮ʱַ͵ĳ֣һץסս
ǿĳƹַ˷ϯȥ
䣡䣡䣡䣡
һһĴݻΧʣһıըΧ
ʮӵʱ䣬¥һƬ棬ڳܲסĳȥ
ַɽͬʱ¸¥㣬˻ԭеơ
ӣһӹսһĹѣΪУһлָƽ
ɽڵȫգһ˼򣬲㵹ȥ
Ҫɱ
ëԿַ綯ɱģæǰȥ
ַë˫һգëԸоԼ屻һǿƣã
ëƶڵԪƿַĽǰ˹ȥ
ѾˣַҪëһʱ䣬ȥɱɽ
ַһƽɽͷãڶֵͬʱַѾɽļ꣡
һԪֵǴ֮ǲɸֵ꣡
ëԼɽǳߣַ磡㡭
һʱ䣬ëԲ֪˵ʲôˣɽˣ͵òˣ
ȻַѾɽļ֪ɽŮ
ַ絭Ŀëԣôˣë᳤ѵҪҶֲɣĻʱ㡣
ַ統ȻܺëԴĴͳ˶칫鿪սˡ
ëԳ˸ƿ˴ûŪַ֣ôǿĵˣҪǣ췭ظͨô潻
ëҧгݵĵַ磬ϴ̫ԭɱǵĸ᳤Ҷˣ
ַĵ仰Ҳˣ
ëԲ˵˦ȥ
ַҪȥѰʯ
ҸëǸʯͷûãҪһӡһһɳʱܿ죬Ϊˣʱڶ
ðɡհ
ոëһɱ֣ɸֵǿ
ֱַڸеıڽǸ
ʱűˣëԲûвֹʡźŷǳĺݣֱӽɱһˣǾŮȻ޹ؽҪ£û˷ϡ
űַ˾ǣַ绹û˵ڣ˾ַǰԼĶӺְַ籾Ҫܾǿ˾æңȱҲֻæ
ַڹһϲַͨԼİ취ֻҪĲϳ⣬ַͰЩټȻʹɼֱǵļ䣬̶̵ʮڣַ羾ʮ̰ܻб˽ҵˣЩˣȫ˾˾ķʽǳļ򵥣ɱΪʱ򣬶칫̫ˣɱӺ𵽵÷ǳĺá
æһ죬һַϣڴϣԼȡ
ʱһ绰
᳤ֻ㸺һ䵱ɽĿʯ˵⣬ҪѾ㶨˻Ʊȥ䵱
ðɣ˾᳤


114 䵱
ڶһ磬Ѿַ磬ɼ˴¼ͬСɡ
ɻϣַЩӦضַһɻ
ûַλˣַùǿѹסԼܵı仯ֻһСʱ͵ˣ̾͹ȥˡ
ַһλ꣬Ӣ˧ܸһֱĸоһϷɻһֱ۾ƽֲ˯
ʱһһĹȥַͻȻом˫۾ĶԼߡ
Լ˸ˣַĵһо
ֹƬ̣һװĵ˴ӹ߹ߵַǰ֮ʱͻȻһذףݺݵĴ˹
ַзһץס˵֣Ʒ
ͨˣʱ˹ַָָˣŵˣȫץס
ӵץס⼸ˡ
ɻһƬңַʾԼ֤Ȼǹһ֤û֮󣬳˿ǲƽ
ʲôˣַ翪ʼѶ
үǲԸģԸġ
˷ǳίַָָλԱߵǸꡣ
ַһſˣ·ɻ֮ҹԶԶģף
ףף
ַ»صλϣһֱ۾ʼĩδ˫Ŀһۡ
ǣҽַ磬أ
ûתͷҲûֻۣﵭļ֡
ַ籣֤ԼһѵĻ϶Լ˵ġ
ЩʲôˣΪʲôҪ׷ɱ㣿
𡣡
Ҫȥأ
䵱
ŶҲȥ䵱ͬ·ȥ䵱
ˡ
ʲôˣ
֡
ַ糹׵ıˣ֪ʲôǱɽˡ㲻˵ƫƫҪ˵
Ů𣿡
ûУ
ô˧ôҰ
롣
ʲô
ҵ

˷ɻַҪͬ·
ַû뵽ɽ˧Լ˵
šðɣȥ䵱µġ
ĵҪҵ˿䵱Ҫ䵱ԣҪ㣬֪㲻⡣
ַˡΪʲôҲ⣿
Ϊϲҡ
ޣֱַһڣǣҲǿڣ
ΪʲôڷɻϾҲţϺ˵

䵱ɽλںʡʮеھڣйĵʥ֮һ
ųơԲ˰ʷ差Уʮгԭʼɭũٴ˹ˮˮ⡣䵱ɽӵѤȻۣӵзḻʵľۡ˵䵱ɽױȵȻ߶Ⱥгͳһ˱Ϊب˫ʤµһɽ
䵱ɽŽȺģΰͳƣٶദ䡣ʵ۶䵱ɽΪҼ޽ʤмʮ塢ʮҡķĶʮĽʮһ壬һǧףΪһ족Ⱥбγɡɽۡ
䵱ɽСɹǧЩɵҪԴͤ¥ξʩ
䵱ɣ䵱ɽԹŲ䵱ɵĴʼᣬһֱҩ׷ݵ䣬νѾǧꡣǧ֮ڣ䵱Ҳˣûһܽ䵱䵱ɺڶһΪΧڸΧҲ֮ɣͨûʲô𡣶ڸǿ֮ˣû֪ʮǰħ䵱ȫûޱ䵱
䵱ɽ塣
֮֮¡һٲۣԽɽ룬¼Ӵ֣ӯɽƮ㣬פӭ
ַһ·䵱޿ڲһֱַĶ治Բ
嶥ۡλ嶥ƽ˼ʺֻĵͯסͯÿ춼ɨĸɸɾһաֻк֪䵱ΧŶ֮
ſڣַ˵֮󣬵ͯǳĽַ˿
ͯϺòˮ֮󣬵λȲȺȥ֪ͨˡ
ʮӺûг֣СʱŻûг֡
Ǽˣ᳤ֻȥҲǰ취ԣ䵱ˣǣһ˶ûУǵȵʲôʱ򣡡
ַûǲˣǣǸһ
һ·һֱ˵ĺǣҾҶ˶ٲҾͷŻǳ
ַԺ˴Ĵָ⣡ǲҪˣǾңͳͳȫң
Ҳۣ
˭ô󵨣ҪϷĵۣ
ĵһѮҵİ׷ߴͯ˳ŭĿַ硣
ַ翴ɷǵӣЩҧгݵı飬Щײˡַĵһоαװ
Сӣ˵Ҫҵĵ𣿡ŶݺݵĶַ磬ǿϢɢ˳ַѹ˹
ַϢѹ֮º΢ЦĵͷĴ֮𣿡
󵨣
Ŷŭ䵱ţӦýһǰǵĳôǵģһûУ
ַ絭ĵÿϰСʱ˻ûг֣νĽˣķǳнǰǳ
ͯŶ칫˵ʱ֪˾ûԾѹһѹ칫ˡŶԼĵȥӦַ˵ģǵַϢǻ᳤ʱףҲ뿴ν᳤ǺεȸˣǾԳ档ַôʱ򣬾ַһû뵽ǣԼѹס
Ŷɫһ䣬ȻĵŶԭǶ칫Ŀ˰ѽô粻˵ءϷ򷽲һ㶫ԲûмʱǵλˣǸǸ
ַЦǴŵŲŵĵۣǹⲻȥ
᳤ֻɣû뵽˻᳤֮Ҫְʧʧ
ôҲ䵱Ű
Ŷǵĺһһģ
˿ĶԻ˵ĳ嶯
ַʱɫ̸һ̸һʯ顣
飬ǵڲܹܹܵģҹܡŶȵƷŲ衣һ仰ͽƵһߡ
ʵŶһֱûаַôĻ᳤϶ͨϵϵģʲôʦŶҲȫš˾ĻŶԻԴ˵ǻɱˣͲһˡ
Ŷַ˾᳤ǵܹѾͨˣͨĽǣǿǵˣҲǵĻ䵱ҪҪġ
ŶֱӵˣҿԸǡǻﱾ䵱ģǵġ
ţ֪Ѿ︶ǮˣһҲǼǵġô϶Ƕ칫ģǰǶ칫Ķʲô˼
Ŷ᳤ֻô˵ǵʱʯʱ򣬿ʯûʲô⣬Ҫɽʱ䵱һλ˷֮ϾʯҲ֪Ͼļֵ޼֮ôܽôصĿʯһأǿ»д𣿡
ϾʯЩıƿ֮ʱ޷ͻƣͿϾʯﾫͻƿǳа
ַ統ʲõĵǵĻѾۣ˫˶Ѿǩ֣ͬдģѵŲʶô
ַ˵һ㶼ŶҲ¶ʧһĿʯȻΪǣϾǺѾϰˣ˭ԸΪ˺⣡䵱ԸǶ칫ᣬ᳤ֻΡ
ðַﲻ˵ĵҪǧڡ
ݣŶĲУǧڣ㲻³𣿲ŶȻЦ᳤ֻ˵ЦˣʮڵĻǻԸⲹġ
ǧҪۣ˼ֱһھͱʮڡ


115 ԶӮ
ַ粻ɫĵǲǿʯˣ
Ŷ˼˵ˣʯǲܸǵġ
ַȻҪǵˣľ䵱һ֮ʣַ粻Ŷַܾ鲢ûô򵥡
ǵˣŶ˸ˣǵǰѾ˰ôûлȥ𣿣Ŷһľȡ
칫˱ɱˣܰɣŻңô£Ǹɱˣַǲŵġ
ַɫ΢΢һ䣬ţҪΪ䵱ɣǾ䵱ҪǹҵĻ䵱ĸٶ࣬ǹҵĸֶϾʯǣشѾϱ˹һֻҪǲѶ䵱սţҪˣ
£˾ûϱϱĻϾʯ϶ᱻߵģԣ˾һֱѹַֻȼ֪
Ŷ˾뷨࣬ŶҲûнϱԼϾʯĿǰ״ϱĻҪϾʯַ磬ϱĻȻԼòϾʯͷһάġ
ŶַĻסˣŶҲף˾ûнϱϱĻ˿̸еľǹҶ칫ĸ߲㣡һССƽеС᳤ˡ
᳤ֻҸպ㿪һЦǵ˶أ䵱Եĺ˯ĺã͵ǵ˹ءǣشҲһڸӦһ£㡣λͣסɡ
Ŷߺ󣬼λַͯ˰˿ͷ
ַ缸һ𿪻ᡣַ̲סļթ
ŭϺ뽫Ͼʯ̣Ҳ°Լ
ַǣ֪䵱ɽǹҵĻһɣһǳɣ칫ǹҵĻǸǿ۹ҵĶҸҿǵˣ̫ˣ
ǰֵ֣ͲˣȻҵǳǿ󣬵ЩɵҲС顣ʱߴ֡䵱üءɽἡǣߴɴÿһǿǲģÿɵʦѷǹҿŶ̶̼ѣȻЩǿߣʿʼ޷ЩȵġǿеߴֻߴɵΧЩΧҶȥĵڸЩ޷ġߴɴӹʦүĴкŹ棬Ҳ֮ʿԶԹҲûвڹΣ֮ʱҲְæ2012ĩ֮ʱߴɵʦԶŵЩϼһﶼˡļλҲ̳ˣЩĴšǶ³ɼǰӣ࣬ͨ˵Ƕ֣ǿĿƼŤתǬһ࣬˭Ҳ֪
ַ˵һ㡣Ĵţ飿ѵ
˵ǣ㲻ҪûԶŶǼǶ칫ˣ϶飡ҾϾʯǵҵģŶ˵ǵĿʯˡ
ǵģ᳤ûϾʯ̫ˡźŶ̸У᳤̬ȷǳǿӲŶܿϸ䵱߲㣡䵱ڸ֪ˣ϶Ҳ֣֮ʣֻܵ䵱ڸϢˡ
ڶһλַ硣
һۣ׷΢΢Щϣǳ󣬾ϴŵ΢Цһ崺ĸо
᳤ֻãǸӡ
ӵã
ַ򾲣зǳľȣǸ䵱ĸǸĳϵǺεȵһ֮£֮ϣΪ£ȻǸĳ϶ˣ
ºЦû뵽᳤ֻᣬһΪѾ죬ţټ
ӵĻûдʮѾ쾳ˣ̫ˣЩˣСҩ˲šַ粻ΪȻΪ˵Լٶȱţ
ˣֻǱȽڷܶѣҵַǳǫ飬һ㶼ʧ
᳤ֻǫˡϷǰ᳤ֻһǹ䵱֮¡Ѿ鶼᳤ֻˣҲͲĨˡ˫һᣬϾϾʯ䵱䵱ĶǲСĵһĿʯˣǸ˻Ҵ䵱Ƕ칫ǸڲĽһڣ᳤ֻΡ
鳤ϣҾһûȫ˽ľΪʼûмǱǿѺˣһе鶼䵱һ֮ʣԣҼǵ֮
ӳȻͰЦţ᳤ֻǶǴˣĽôʵҪҪľϾʯ䵱أǸǶ칫ᣬ⣬ľ
ַ翴һֱǳĺͰΪһˣû뵽ŶԵַݼԼ˵Ǿ仰һе͹ǽǿȨ֮ϵģ
ӺԼĻȻһĲַ϶Ͱˣڣַ翴˵ĿַԲܲģ
Ҹ˺䵱ĲǺܲ˼ӳϣҪϾʯٶĲǶ칫ᶼܣ˼Ҳûа취ֱַӽƵ棬ԼһϵûС
šףϾʯǾ˿϶ҲҪ䵱Ҳ֡ȻֻϹˡ
Ϲأַ粻⡣
ԶӮ
Ŷַ鳤Ѿźˣ
š䵱Ƕ칫ԣҲ˵䲻ܳʮĵӡڱݣѾˣǵĻǶ칫϶Ը⡣ǱȶĻ䵱ҲϡԣҾӦԣһ䣻ڶԶ죻أǾͼɡʤ᳤ֻӦûʲôɣ
ַЦҾͲˣǵƣֻռһͼǶ칫ǿǲ𣿣
ЦȻбʤİա
ô֪˾ûнϱûϱô˾ˣⳡԿ϶䣡ϱˣȻԼİ취ȥӮ
ַãҽܣֽΪ֤
Ӹû뵽ַôɴӦ룬Ȼ᳤δûʲô飬һôϲͷѣ
ַ簵ЦʱҪҾжң
ԼҶƺˣǩּɣóһݶԼ
ǩöԼԺַһʱֻԼ˾ַ粢˾ԼһԸ㶨˾Ȼַ磬ַһʦ䵱˲֪
ַǵٿ顣
ǿԼ֮󣬾ʲô᳤ͱԣǾ⼸ˣôԣ
ַİɣ䡢ͼһ˽ţҪˣҿһʦ
ǻЩԥ᳤ֻ䵱꣬˲űһֱо켼Ƕ칫֮£һ䣬ֻڶͼӮ᳤˭ó
ַǵļ򣬡ģڣһж㶨ʱ㿴Ϸͺˡ
ʱһֱ˵ĺ䣬
һ㶣ַ翴źðɣ
ַ翴ĳһŲߣоڵԳ쾳ߣΪʲôأѵѹԼԼͻƣ
ãɡַͻȻһת뵽һ⣬Ȼ󲻻Ŀǡ
ĵ׷һ᳤ң
ַһ§סǵļ򣬡Ǵ磬죬
ɶһѱһʶʵ֪ˣѶ˿̵Ƕַǲյӵʲôôö칫ˡ
а᳤ҽ궼ʮˣѾ˰
С⣬Ҿ˵Ƿȱ鳤ǲġ
᳤ҰɣҾСʱʦѧϰ˼괫ͳ죬˾᳤ѧϰ˸߿Ƽ죬ڴͳҶʮûˣֻһЩ򵥵װϳҿ϶䣡
һίǣַ簦̾ǵļ򣬡ǰҵô
һ˵ϣⲻԼȥôԼǴŶ칫ȥˡС£Ͼʯûˣ£
ˣôϱԣϢɣ


116 
գڸĴ֮ڰںϯǰһټϯɫĵ̺һֱϯ̨λһڰĵۣ˰׷Ѹߣȴӣ²̸ʲô
ϯ̨·ϯҶ֣ߵַ纮衣
һλɷǵߣ䵱Ŷߵ֮λĵӣλμӱ֮ˣϯλ·ǹϯһЩ䵱ӡ
ǸϼǸ鳤ϵ
ַȻӻǴţأ
ĵе˶̸ֹۣͣе˵Ŀȫһϡһۣ׷΢΢Щϣǳ󣬾ŵ΢ЦȻֱߵϯ̨ϣΨһһ̫ʦ֮ϡ
ŶڵӼϡ
ַڵӼ鳤ϡ
˷׷΢Цŵ˵ͷЦλض˫˶û
Ŷسϻˡ
˫֮󣬺ϺõĲˮ꺮ůĿһ֮󣬺ܿ죬Ӿͽ⡣
ӵãȻ˶ˣھͿʼɡҰѱԹһ顣˴α䵱ɺᱦԹΪΪ˫µĵӲμӱԣʤ
һ䣬㵽ֹڱڼ䣬ɱ֣ȡʸ񣡡
ڶԣͬȵĲϣͬȵʱ䣬˭ܺ͸ߣ˭ͻʤϺͶϷͼλŵĴʦѡ
ԣװϷṩ˫ԹѾƶϣһʲô飿
Ŷû顣תַ磬᳤ֻ֪û飿
ԼǩˣʸƨȻЩ˿ġԶ磬Ϊ˹˽ַûκ飡ȫ֣
ãȻҶûʲô飬Ϸиλ̧ˣȻ˽
˽ַЦˣ䵱ģҲ䵱ģǹƽԣ߸뱦䵱ģûţ
Ϸҽһ¡
ӿŵλߵߵλǺȻһΪδڣѧ֪ʶѾһλʦ
΢Цţĵ˵ͷ
мλǷѵһλʦһ칦Ѿ¯࣬䵱ĵһˣұߵλǽʦһλʦҲ䵱ɽļʦ
λƣһ˴ʦľ磬Ȼľǳĵ˵ĸоǳĺůһһ֮䣬崺ĸоһλĳһ㡣
ӽ֮󣬵֪˫ҵİû壿
ȫƾ鳤϶ᣡ
鳤ϵİŷǳĹ
ӸãȻû飬ôڿʼ
ôõıݣôֵأ
ڱҪʼ֮ʱӰӴ˽˴֮СΪ֮ˣԼѮ£һͷڷ磬ݸ㣬һѹͭɫ󵶡֮ˣòǰ֮Ķ棬ͷòĵ֮ϣһ˫۶ݺݵĴ˵ɨұʮңĶţһɫװͷ߸ߵȥǳӢǴŵЦݣЦĿ⣬ǳĸ߰
ַĶСֹ֮ˣͬΪ䵱ɽ֮ϵɡΪ׵ϴ󣬽κȡҲšһǳ뻯Ƣ𱬣˼ϸ塣Ż浶϶޵£òʮ࣬Ƣ𱬣Ӹңĺţ絶ͷɽȥĶţʵǸݽɫţ鵶˺䵱йڡ䵱˶֪
ӿ˵ĵҵ˭أԭ֣
κЦšǸһ£ɽ֮УΪ岻ôҲ۸СӵĹˣ
۸СӣַЦǵСˣ
Ŷŭκȣ䵱ڴ˻ѣҪ¾ߣǸҽٴεңݹϷ򲻿
ۣգǲҼǵǰĳ˱Ҵƨ޵ģô𣿻ǵôǰ㲻˼˵
κȵ䳰ȷŶթˣɫһ࣬һףκȣסڣ
Ŷ¡κȵֵ֪Ϊ£
κȵӣ䵱ɽ˻˽⣬˵ȽֱأһЩ顣
ӵʡ
κȵ˵ǰãķֻ䵱ɽ֮зһı˼ߵʱ䵱ɽȴ˿䵱ɽ׼ռΪУд£
üͷһ壬ŶŶĨһͷϵ亹ϣ޴£ⱦǵĿɽڵģ칫͵ˡ칫֮ʱҷˡǵʱҲû֤֤ǱҵģԵзݣ䵱ɣǺͶ칫飬˱Э飬˫Ѿǩ֡
ַ̲סȥģǵɽˣô͵ˣǵ˵һʱ˾绰Ҫɱˣ
ת˾᳤ֻ˵Ŀʵ
ܲʵʵһַ粻Ͼַʵʵ
κһЦðһֻв֮£˵𣿡
Ŷŭţ㲻Ҫ̫ˣ˻Ϊ˱
κô𣿾κҪҪǹҪɱҲƾԼʵ˵Щ͵飬ЩС˸ɵģ
Ŷŭ˵˭Сˣ
£ӵͺһ
ַа̾Ŷôŵģô㶨ûУֱӵ˵һʵַֻ֪һ֪ŶһΣŶֱڽ㱼һΣȻڸĿ˵֮û֪£Ŷһ֣ͻƲסԼ
ӵֱ룬ֱӶκȵ㵽ʲôֱԡ
κĵûʲôֻϷ˫ԣ䵱ˣ䵱ˣ䵱ĵ̱ԣӣҲһλõˣľƽһСеСе˺䵱ӱԣƽôȫǵˣƽôѵЩνɵĹƽ
Ӳŭĵġ
κȴЦһģðɣȻ˾Ϊ칫ߵô
ŶˣϣǧҪӦħͷ´ȥ䵱δ氡
סڣĶˣɵѵǹ壡Ķǹģ
κЦô˵ǴӦˣ
ҴӦӸˣʲô
ʱ䵱ŵĺźλֿȻħˣǲһų֮ģħҲħҲаħ֣֮λԣħ֮аһ֮䣬λԺ֮ʱעһЩǧֻħٲ
лʦָ㡣ֿ꺫Ļ򣬷ǳ
ԿʼҲ𽥽


117 ʤ
ŶʱһҷĴӳս
Ŷ䣬ϯһµ۵վֳһɫ֮Ϸŵ⣬һ֪ǷƷ
ַĵҷɺս
֮ڣʮңң
һ©ȫӿһѱһ㣬ޱȣŶĶ֣һΪԲڸĴ֮гͣųʤԴʼδһܣ
ȺޣȫԺԣͷŵ棬˫۽һѶ̽ǰ̽δʣ˼ʲôһ㣬ȫûעǰĶ֡
֣롣һƣȻ󽫱ǰһ׼еơ
ûд𻰣ɾվԭأͷҲ̧ͺһһ㡣
ĲУĪҪԴ㲻УҿҪˣ
ǲ˵ĬĬսԭء
ǳУǺһز¶ĸоеϢƾڡоȫԼһȥͿԽԷܣһָоȫûԼ޴ӳ֣֪ɱ򣡶ҶִʼԼһۣȫԼӣóзǳķŭ
̲סһ͵Ʋɵ򺮱ɨ˹ɫƷӰźȫ
ɽ˫ۣԼ׷Χ֮ʱֻڷţȻŲһֹĲӰԭĻζƺĽδһһߺͺԶȻеĹжһԣ
Ц䵱ǽ鴫Ҳ
ǽ䵱Ҳǽַ죬뵽ųһеȷһЩԼǽӰӣʵҲ̫ˡ
ŭ죬ԼĽܲ͸磬ʹһУȻֻ߽ǱʮŽδֻ֣ԭزͣĻζȴеĽƽ⣡ó𾪲ѣ
СӲٽһУһչһƬɫϼӰЮ֮ͷ£䵱ǽеľ֮һɨǧ
κûղݣ˫ٵɿߣо˽֮ԼƽɰһҧеĶ̽ڳʣһ󺮹ķ겻͸Ȼһ죬һȣЩѳֲסб˱ˣܿһС
вĵ
ˣǽľУȻԷֻ˵ԵĸӦԷΪԼǾȻ˲Լ
ǵСӣиģУ
ǱǳĴԷһֱУϢǳĳȣ꣬һֱڱʵ϶̽Լʵȵȫ˽Լ·֮󣬶־ͻҵԼ㽫Լܣ
뵽һѹס궯飬ŭҲ𽥵ƽ㲻УҸôأ
˼һ㶼򺮱ȥʮ֮Ҳ˳̽Լڳˣ֮б꣡
죡ݣ׼Ķ޻οԣÿһжôֱӣɱ֣ں̵ܶʱھҳȻһ
ʮй󣬳ǺоֵĹȲǺǿ󣬵ٶȺַ̫ˣ̫׼ˣԼƾǿԼѾɥȪˣ
һһһ׷ٶȺһ׷ͰⳡսŰ룬̾һ
һԵԣ֪Ϊ˭ʤ˭
ĵ⺢ӽݹˣһаԵܼʱһѵкôġ
ӵ˵ͷȷе˼ôС˳ȣҿַʽҿжûѧϰκͼܣȫǿԼ͸оԵУһζ׷ٶȺ׼ȷǺܺã̫ǿļܣֻһܣ
ЦЦͬȼΪΪԺٶȻʹǿܵʱ𣿿ûʹ˰ɡ
Ȼʦ˵ûӺְҵһɱ֡
ҲͬС
ĻȻֻ˲
ںķ񹥻֮½ڽڰˣÿһϵĵذѣзǳıԼȶԷҪǿһȴʹֵĳַ̫ˣĲ˼飡
ȥ϶䣡
㳢ҵľаɣ
δסٿȻϰΣ׽óǧӰЮ˿˿ƿ֮ȻʽΪ䵱У֮һݺᡱ
״һֱ侲糣֮ڱɫȻսӻͳһƹЦ飬˫һգ볯Ŷĳȥ
顭
бĽ֮ʹ콣Ӱͺеĸײһںʩ֮һ˼ĽǶȻȻ͵ȥ
ܺļʱϻؿѪ˿ڴĿġסϵѨŶѪĳ
ΪԼͻȻʹַʤû뵽ǣ־ȻʹðԼѾһ̴ֲ࣡ǣⰵж
ùסԭùϢ֮ʱõƣܿɢȫϡ
Žٵĳ˳
ס֣
æֹʤˡ
ֹסŲջعջعһ˲䣬һȥ
ַ״æǰ
ҡҡͷһԣʤ֣ʲô飿
ûУֿ䵱ˣôأӮˣǿ϶飡
ȵȡ
ŶæǰһϣԷðȡʤҰ֮о綾ֱɵоô㺮ʤأûжڵµһǺ˵ˣںʣڲûе£ô㺮ʤأ
˵Ե㵽ֹҸ㣬ɱĻˣһζʤȻʹ˾УʹðĻ϶ˣ䵱
κʱûһʼûг֣һֱλ֣ܶ󺮱֣ҲǱƲѣˮյķǳãֻǲƣųľܣɱĻо͹ˣİȫǱƵȲѣ
ɽʱЦҴ˵û䵱ˡӵ紫һ˽ĳ
޵һЦû˵Ķûһսк䵱ʤĻҵһ
ŶĿѪˣ䣬ʮʮʤôַҳôһˣ
ŶԹԵվһҲ˵ˣڹ˵һ仰˾ԻȺ֮
ӵãȻ飬Ҷûʲô飬ôʽһʤôеڶ
֮ںܿһģһĶ¯¯һĻߣ­ǶŻϵħ¯֮һһ׶೤ƽ̨ƽ̨ϷһѶϡ
䵱ΪʦѵʱվڶǶԣϷҪòѡָԶһѾֽ֪λûʲô飿
ֽ˶ΪԼĶˣֽһЩͨ߶ϲãԸûҲʵôҪıԣȻǴ쾫ֽ
λҲɵˣ˶Ϊ˭ߣܺã˭Ӯû뵽ǣݾȻǾֽ
Ŀڴı飬Ѿ֪λˣ΢΢ЦЦַ֮ľ׼Ͷ˽⣬һͬԲͬ˵ܺ͹ǿȾͲͬͱ磬һʦľֽȫһƷʦĸ߼ԣκְҵҪûԺ·;Żһ˳ԣαԣҪѡ񾫸ֻֽҪպõˣһʤ
лʦָ㡣λͬл
һĶʦĿ궼Ǵ߼ֻҪ߼ԼְҵܽҲʱڽڸȻȴĶǾһһͬ¥һһػǳȹ̣һǶ̣ûа취ȵġͺֻ͸߷°һô߷£û͹ܡ
䵱Ϲٷɡ
칫ᣬǡ


118 
˱ȭʺĽԼ󱳵·Ѿˮʪ
׼֮ӸԿʼ
УǶھֽǻмְյġ
Ӻʼ֮ϵĶ
ʼĶ˼һģһǿ¯ڵĻȻ󽫲СĶ¯ڣʼǣǵĶ˶һ
ģ˵ĶʼַͬҲ˶ߡַ紫ڹ֪ܶʶַֻûʱȥѧϰѡ
˿ַ̣һο˶ǳϸģÿһÿһϸڡ
ϹٷɵĶˮϣǵĶҲ̶ãЩ׾˿ǵĶͷȫǺˮ֪¯¶ȹߣеĺ¡
ѿϹٷɵĶһ˿ǡô΢΢ĵͷʾǿǵĶüͷֱһ֡ʣһѧͽ𣿣
ֽÿһְҵѧͽҪϰٰǧѾֽſԽԾֽÿһʦ˵ΪġǣֽƷô
ַĿдϷʵ֮⣬е˶ԱߵĿͬĿǡ
˿̣˵ĿⶼǸоЩĿ⣬ͨ죬޲ڸضȥһ˵ĲûȣчRһȥҵԼĽš
һٶ˴ҺöЦ
µ䵱ӿʼ˽
Ƕ칫˲𣿡
ôͲ죡
ûм棬ô˿ţɵ˰ɡ
ĺӣ˻ȥ֮󣬶칫϶ɵˣҸұ֤
ҲͬУ̫ˡ

ڻ򣬳ͣȴʮӹһѺľֽϹٷɵ
󴸣ڽϴš
Ǵʱʱôһʱֱһô
ڹ˰Сʱ֮˲䷳ĵ֮£ԼĽһѺڲĽ
ʦǺϹٷŽǰ÷ͷ͵ȥˣϹٷһֺӡ
ַаЦϹٷɣһ޶
ѿ˵ĽȻ˴αԣ˭ʤ˭Ҫϣֻ໥дѣ໥ѡ𣿣
סͬжףʦα֮Ǹħ쵽һľ֮󣬾ͻ޷Խ
ȻµĲ㣬µǶˣһ칫棡
֮󣬷ϹٷɵĽڿһȦȻһɶõţպгΪʦĻᣬѽǳ
лʦ͡ʦϿɣϹٷ쳣ǳĴ˭ƵġǸоԼˡ
ǵĽһ£ַԣϹٷɵĶַٶȣҪǸʤһ䵱ʤʦأ
ʵȫȻԱߵļʦΪ˶סֵ졣
⻹𣿽װģѽ˷ת˼ȦȻͷͬ˷ѵ˵
صԼĶ֮УѵַС᳤ʧˡ
ַ絭ĵʧʲôӮˣſϷͺá
Ǿ㵵Ŀַ磬ˣôӮ
ӼλʦѾϣڶ䵱ʤûʲô飿
͵أַҪ˵ԣȴַǰͷ
Ӳ֮һ޵ǰҲ󣬶ӻûأǾ;˭Ӯˣ£ѵ䵱ֵ費ɣӣӦˣΪʲôǣ
䵱ŭ޵£˫ð𡣲Ӳδǵ֪λԶһϲͨжʦͼʦѵῴ𣿣
޵µֵǶԶһϲͨĺû䵱˵˭ĺþͺã˭Ļͻֻһˣһˣгҿһ⣡
ҶĻûɽааЦţˣ³λʦ֮⣬˭ʲô֮ͬԣҲΪ˴αҽ齫Կһ£Ǹˣ˭ɣǹƽҲԷڣ
ϴκȽűɽĻûҶ˵Ķ֪ĸλû飿
Ҳ֪칫ˡǲˬӺλʦģҲʶһҪⲻǰǵô
ͬ⣡ַһֱ岻죬Ȳվ˿˳ͬɵӣ
Ѻͽɫ˱䣬ŭݣ˶ǴʦһѾֽĺûֲôһͷײˣǶ˵裡
ҶĳǹҲ磬ˮƽĽÿһһƷ
ŭ֣ǴĵҲɣѵҷĳΪʦֽĺûֲ𣿡
Ҳŭ֣ѵΪ˻˽ף֮ѡִĽһжܿĳǺǻ
ֵȻĳ˭ǰѽǰѽֻ֮ǰû־ûӣҲ硣
κȴЦֻһ£ûʲô飿Ҳô߳ŭɣǲͬ˵ͺˣڷƢ𣿷Ҳǰ裬䵱˵Ҳ㻰ֻǺĵķڷȴ˵֣ѵˣˣ
㡭˵ɫ࣬˵Ҳ
ӵˣǱˡȻԷ飬ôͰǵ˼ˡ֪һλԽ
ʱַϯǰλʦλǵԵĲߣַ硣и飬ԵǼôҾ˾ֱӼĺûȻΪǶ칫ǾƷʦĽ䵱ϹٷɵĽҪáһٶӮͺΪ󶨶ᣡ
һƷʦ˵ĿٴοǣһǾƷʦ𣿣
ҲһǾƷʦ𣿻᳤ˮ˰ڶҶˣڻҴȥĵĻǲǱͨˡ
ѴɻͲĿַ磬ǾƷʦ
ַٰǶ칫иʦʤ֮⣬Ҳû˵Ķ켼ʤˡ
˿̵һͷȥײԱͳĴĿǣϴز¶
ֱӵͷڵŬѰţиȥɡ
ַǶ칫ĸ᳤Ǵƽж칫ģ𣿿˵Ļ˲š
ȻַĻҵҪ֪Ƕ칫Ǹʦ˭أ
ַﲻ˵ĵǱҡ
һЦ˶ЦЩ˵жǳЦͱĵĿ⡣
ĵ˷֣칫ߵ˶ûЦ
ˣ᳤ֻ㽲Цһ㶼Ц
ַ絭ĵô˵ǰͽǰǻҵĻˣ
ѰڰֵˣҾ͵û˵
һʮĶʦû˵ԸпҲַĻ
ַƽͣĵҪɣǰǰҾͺλͶѽĺûλɸң

Ѻͽһ¸סˣԷڿЦġ
һֱû˵ǾĹ۲ַ硣
ôλǰ𣿻ûǲǿڿ˵Ƕ칫Ľ䵱ĽһζĳЦǣҾλ䵱ĸλһλҶһһ㣡
ַ˵ʱǳƽͣЦݣ˿ַЦȴڷ䡣


119 䵱ܣ
ֳһƬž
Ҳûһ˸ЦˣղųЦ칫ߵжЩ飡
˶ǣϹӶĳ䵱Ľһȶ칫ĽãΪʲô᳤ֻһҪʹҶ
ѵ᳤ֻôĲôһ֮ôǰ˵Ļҷǳƽǳ棬Ǹ
һ֮λ𣿣
˶벻ͨĵط
˿ƵľǣԼˣ᳤ⲻ𣿿ǿַģٿѺͽͻȻһޱȵţ᳤Ӯˣ˿̵ѡԼŻ᳤
ֳһƬû˻شַĻǣ̫󣬵һϾʯĹַ鿪ЦǷѺͽλʦܿѽĺû𣿣
ѺͽһΪѣģôµ̨ǿַţһ顣
ѿַ磬ǳĵ᳤ֻȷҪ
ַȷλǴʦǶ֪һʦϲַܱģǷųЦңַҵϣԣҪǶλһλǶʦһλǼʦǳѾõǰλǰڳЦһ󱲣ǲԺͻΪеħǱǾԼרļȥȥѽĺû޻ڣҲ޻ڣλžȻԥˣѵǲԼоôļܣ
ǲԼоôļܣ仰Ĵ̼λʦλʦһŭͻȻ뵽ʲôϵŭȴֽչ
ַһ£ʹļ׵ĵλ̫ʧˣҶλǲǴʦǳЦңӦóЦǲŶԣ
䵱ӶַŭĿӣۿĺܶλʦѧôַԴԼʦǷѺͽ˺ûϸϸ˼ַĻ
΢Цſַ磬͵ĵǳǰˣϷܽˡҶˡ˵Ÿַ籧ȭ
Ҳܽˣû뵽ˣ챻һ޽ѵˣЩǰϰˣҲ˹άϰˣһָ߸ϵ̬ȥԴˣ᳤ֻϯϷéٿʧˡҲˡҲַ
ȻӶû뵽
᳤ֻˣѵʦҲ𣿣
ӵãȻλʦѾôڶԺ͵ԺһУ
гһӣǵĽϹٷɵĽֵķǳľתڽѽܵĹһģһһ˿ôֿţ϶ûа취ס
ʵڷ˵ڼ䣬ַʩչɼܣϹٷɴĽľȫ꣡ӰΣǿĸҲоΪǹϢתȡľκǸоġ
Զɣַ缸ǹȨתһһŽľҪľҪܳʱ䣬ؼϹٷɴĽ̫ˣǴ̫ˣַҪĽϹٷɵĽɷƷַŹҵ㻰ʱʦ˵ڼ͵͵֪һС
˵Ŀⶢ䵱ӵϣֳ˶ݵļž䵱ͷǺԼֻһС䣬ƽʱЩݸ߹˵涼ϣô˿ԼзǳĽš
ŹţǰӵķԸĽѽ뱥״̬Ȼһͬ
һ䣬ʹĽѽԿȥ
˵Ķһ¡

һѾֽˣһѾֻֽһССȱڡ
ϵ䵱ĽȱڵȻǶ칫Ľ
ֳͻȻһƬݵļž˶ŵĿĽܶ˶ΪԼۻˣʹԼ۾
ҵĽûϣ߽һ㣬촽۾ͭһ
ϹٷɿһĻŵı˲ϣ㴷أУܣܣ
ǵģ˶Ϊܣǲܵȷˣ
ţȴһʵԣ䵱ܣ
ӮˣӮˣͦţһӵĿϹٷɣ㲻Ǻţôڸţ˰ɣ
κȿ𾪵ķѺͽ裬ģ䵱ЩʦǣòȻ˵ղΪʲôŭҲˣڴҶˣôֶţ䵱ˣ
ܣܣ
ѷſһĻ·һ㣬ͻȻعŭģֱ³һѪʣʤ˱ҳ£ԼҲҪ´ȥ䵱ɽͱ˱䵱ɽ˽ףλ˾Ĵʦģ´ȥ䵱δӣ
һңǰһʵΪһᶨʦôῴأô˫۾ڿţǸʹ˫ʱôֶӦѽõȵģ֮£϶Բǰѽϣǣȴ䵱Ľˣ
һʵһʵ˶ֳţǼٵ𣿣
ӿλʦĿЩζλʦôĳһ룬λʦʮ㣬ˣѪȻװģ⾿ôأ
ѵַһλʦǰַҪ֪ӮһжַĹǷ¶Ҫ֤ݣô˶ţַûи߹ʱ䣡ѵˣ
ⱦǸҪĶαԣһˣڶ͵Ͳ䣡ڸˣ˱㣬䵱ɽ챦ǳĶ࣬һҲʲô䵱ڶˣҪģʦ˻ƺӶϴˣ
䵱ڵӵɫǳѿԼĴʦ˱֮£ܶЩЩˡ
˶⣬˭֪ڽˣѾʧ˴󲿷֣˭鶼鲻¼;û˿κֽţҲ˫Ҳ䵱ˣ͸ӵĹˣ
ɽҡͷ̾䵱䵱ɣ£¶Ǳ޳ܣ첻ɽڴֹ䵱Ѿ˾Զˣ
ɽȳ䵱˷ŭѣǴ˿̣û˳ѵϾ䵱ǰʲô˵ģ
ɫһתͷ֣֣ǾûʲôµĻذɡ
أһȥκЦǵȻҪȥҪȷŵĶԼʵ֮󣬻䵱ַǲŻĵĻȥҪȻˣǶĶԼֲˣֻֽȥɣ
ŭˣκȣ㲻Ҫ̫Ϸ֣ͷأ


120 
ôκȵֻ˵˵ѣѵ˵ǵʹ𣿵ȵʦͽʦ˶Լ֮ǰѶ˻䵱ɽķΧȻߵġ
ӵҿǽȥɣ
κЦΪ˻䵱ɽһ˵ˣǰѶǶȻģ䵱ûаϵɣ
ӱҭסˣǰԷ˵ûڱַˣԼַڶ˭϶䵱ܹܵˣ
ַа˸ǣѵһϻַ֡˿͸ǳ䵱濹⣬ԼǵĶ֡
κȵΪŵĴҪԽ
ƽһԼ飬Ŷ칫᳤ֻ䵱λʦ᳤ֻʤ˴Ͼʯıԣ칫ʤ
κϷʵЦţ湫˽ûתͷŷѺͽˣλʦҪԼأͷŵ˶أ߹֤أ
ѺͽһңѵҪ棬ԼҪȥô
ַʱǰһ鳤ϣλ󣬷ʦʦλڳѡʵźλʦλʦַҵϣڽѾλʦѾˣҲ֤ҵ޹λʦŶҵʧԸϴĻ֮ǰ飬Ҿ͵ûз
ַҲ֪λʦ䵱¸أʱҪǵĻ䵱˿϶Լݣúλʦ˵ʱȥ͵͵ȻѾ˽ַѾﵽԼĿģַλʦԩ޳𣬿϶ԷΪأ
ڳˣֻҪЩͷԵˣóַ⡣
κ͵Ŀַ磬᳤ֻȻö䵱ЩνĴʦҪǿˡ
Ѻͽԣɫһ죬Ȼɨأ棬ԷһλʦĻҲ㶪ٱԼǰϴҲһ˵¡
ַԷѺͽλʦǿҪ֪߾磬ַĸҲǼľտĻ߾磬ģֻģܶõ
仰ǴӽЩ֪ʶѧģ仰ַҲ⡣Ȼó˾ûġ
ַĻͻȻһʣԼѺĵõͻȻ˴𰸡ɫһ»ָŵһɨգæִʦ켼ܸĳ۲ʶ̩ɽųЦִʦ£ĳ֪ˡִ֮ʦ䵱Ͷ죬һЩִʦ
ҲִʦȻǸˣŵһ仰ʤҼʮоڶ֮ⶼӭж⣬ִʦлˡ
ַЦλʦˡԺʱ䣬һݻλʦһ̶ֽϵ⡣
鷢չһ˾öȥ룬֪λʦѾ׵ַ磡׵ıַ۷ˣ
Ӹû뵽ᷢչĳ̶ȣԼһͿأڶţһʮ˻Ϊʦ䵱λĴʦ
һжһ㣬ȴġ
ȻƽЦݣӽȡ˹
һµװţϯ̨ϡ
죬죬죬ӽУҪǿǺöǳ˷żֱӰַһ
ðɣ㰲һ㣬ȥ㶨


Ȼǳ˷ܣϾʯзǳϤϢҸұ֤ħڶھ䵱
Ӷ˾ַձ
ַ첽ǰҲַҡڷֹͻȻѡ
ַڽʮ׷Χ֮ڣĽͿʼգһУڲ֪֮нУû֪
ַÿһ鶼ַĻһȻַߵӸǰ֮ʱе
ӴϽ֮УĴ˺ӣӴ֮ʱӵɫһ±ˡӿſյĺӣüͷһ𣬺ʲôûУյģ
ַ翴ǰյĺӣĺߣʲô˼
ǵаôׯصģ԰ѺſȻ˺ӣʲôûУⲻˣ
ַ翴ӵı飬ĵװЦѡ
һʱ֮࣬Աߵĵʿŭ࣡⵽ô£Ķأ
ȡĵʿŵ˵ϣسϵĻⱦʦֵҹܵģû뿪벽ղųʱǻ˺ӣں档ں棡
ôһŭݣԼʲô
ŵĻɥϣĲ֪Ĳ֪ղű档
κʱ˵ˣӣǱϷ˺ǵݼҲ̫ˣѱˣȴ˵ˣѵԼ𣿸ղŻڣֲˣֻ˭ţǸղûߣ˵Ļ˵ǻʲôɱڵ
ӱͨ죬ʲô˵˿̽ƱĻ϶»Լⷽûʲô
һСǲ˽̱ģǸҪĶΧҲҶĶ˾ҽϣԼﵱʱȱ棡ڸղŴ򿪺ӵʱҲӸû˶ĺۼǱأô᲻أ
²̨ˣû뵽Լһˣ˳̶ȣ첻ʦ䵱Լȥˡ
Ӵ˿ֻ̣̣
췢е鶼Ǽˣ
ǵıأַơ
ַаЦ˿˭ܻɵַϣַվ˵ˣ¶ûţ
ӵҪ᳤ֻס䵱ǰµ֮ٸ᳤ֻһ᳤ֻΣ
ַ绹δ𻰣κҿǽ½鴫ȥ䵱ɱڰɣ
Ц֣̫죬﷽Żڣȴʧ٣ÿ˶ɣ˱֮⣬˵ĹߣҾ䵱Ͱɣǵ֮ȥ
޵ŭЦʲô﷽Żڣʧ٣˭ˣǸ˿ˣǽ뽫̣ȴ˵˱ô˫۾ţ˭ˣⲻ˵Ϲ𣿣
ַ翴Ʋԣ䵱׼ɱˡҲû뵽䵱ɽ˻ôɣ
ַ룬ֻҪһȥ֮󣬰ܲ䵱ɽѹǶ칫ᣡߺߣһҪкӹ
ͬʱַҲǳ죬䵱ΪΧڸڸ֮еġǸ䵱յĸ߶ôΪô£ɱأѵν˲𣿣
ҲŹˣεıԾǳ䵱ĹҪ֪䵱¹䣬ΪһȥΪ֮˵ģ½䵱ɽĿڱֻһЩ
Ŀǰ״ȫķǰУһʰε鴫˳ȥ䵱ͻһԣڱҪһôһֱ䵱Եʲˣʱ䵱Ȼбµĸһҳʮٸֳ֤ˡº䵱ûйϵߵģѾϣ䵱һĽɫֵġ
ԣ䵱ɱ֣һжˡҲȻַһ
ַҿԸ䵱ʱ飬䵱ҪǶ칫һ
ӵ᳤ֻģ䵱ɣԸķ䣡һ䵱һĴ𸴵ġ
ַһշתһ룬ӵ˼ȻЩͬĿһַۡҲˣԭɱڣҸѡ
Ӷ֣λ䵱ɣº޹صĻҿ϶ȥ
κЦãȻ䵱˴˻֣֮ˣ
޵ΪǸ˶һЩõˣû뵽䵱ϵ£ααӣ
ɽһаЦ磬磬Ǿ˺Щα߰ɣ
һԵŶʱ䵱ӴһְΧ


121 ƴ
ڵ֮󣬶Ըƶȥ
ǰ䵱ң֪ͨʲô취õϢֻҪŶôһӱ˵£־ͻ֪Ȼܵ䵱ÿζһЩ˵Ķ磬䵱˵תŶ㱼Ϊһ
ȻˣǴ䵱ΧӶֺ֮ǣҲû취Щ鶼ŶŶҲ򲻹ҲֻưͳԻп˵䵱߲Ҳ־Χ£Ƕʲô£ҲûҲһֻ۱һֻˡϾָǸ֣Ҫǣ䵱ҲҪһĴۡ
ǽ첻һǸĳڴˣǸĳǺεֻǸݵһѣһ֮£֮ϵĴڣƽʱҪ֣ҲᶯǸǸͨӶᶯ
һ£ɲ˶һǱڵĹ򣡾ͬȼ˶Ըͬȼˣµͽſĳɳ죬ԪԪȻǣһЩ޴³⡣
ڵͬȻҲǴڸ֣ǻûдﵽԲľ磬һĴڴԲÿһ󾳽֮䶼оתͻƾתΪԲͻԲǾǴﵽһ硣ΪԽߣÿһתľ֮ĲԽ󡣾תתת֮Ĳһת˴һת߸ΪתתˣôôһԪתһԪתҲпܣתתҲмʺСĴڣһתһ´һɴԲˣ췽ҹ̷תת֮䣬һڴԲˣļܣҲֻǴܣɱһԲȥɣ
˶˿ȵԸϷһԣҪɲҪ
ֵȻ֪һɴԲ֪Ļ϶ôţ
ַʱֺλСˣΪѾﵽ˴ڴԲ
ʲô
ôܣ
˵˵
ͬʱһȻַĻ˶һССܿĳڳλ֮⣬Ȼ˶Ϊַں˵˵һ룬һʦ˵˵
ַƣԼѣȴĿ⣿֪Ӳ˵ˣ
ӳԾӣӵĿǳĿַ磬Ҫַ翴͸һ㣬ַоԼȫģһ亹ֱڴԲ̫ˣֻǿԼһۣͺһѴɽѹ˹ַ紭
ַжȥӵľѹһɸǿľѹַϮַĿһκرܵӭӵĿ⡣
ַоӵľããһ㣬ޱ޼ʣӿԼӿ˹ַ缱æסס飬תԼľӳȥ
ַʱֺڣôûϹʲôһڴԲ˺ԼһյΪ˱ƴһʮ۸һʮģһĴ۸һ޸֮Сûпɱԣ
ıƴȫô򵥣ֻЩΪǿĸֽסһˣܺͶԷƴȻһĸֲôģΪⶫΪܸߵĻΪһͬȣһߣȴĸ֣ôɣܴܴܴԣһû¸ǲ͵˱ƴģȻûǸȥħʦȥƴǻŰ
һ˵ΪҲǳҪǶ˵ԶԶûħʦôҪħʦħȫڤ룬ϾҪעĸ죬Ѩλ;ͨΪûеߵߣֻǸޡΪ߾磬֮ʱű𽥱ޡ
Ȼʮа˾ŵǲרſȥΪܹ߼ˣûʷеǼλϻûгֹԣʱƣţҲת֮𽥵ʧ
ħʦľؼͶߵľؼǲһģһλͼȥħʦľȥʼʱȷʵķɿ죬ǵ߻ħȫѪת
Ĺبعÿһְҵ˭ԤԼǴƹ򣡵ǣʣ˭ܴȻ򣿣
Ϊ˶Կӵľַɵľ˲գջӵľַ׼һ֮ʱͻȻоԼľһССˮεãã֮У˲󺣻Ϊһ壬ҲԼĴڣ
ô£ַоԼľһɲɷľַ缱æо˲ŷһƬԼľ·Ϊһڷ֮ҡҷСڿ֮п֧ţʱһɴϮܽСķ飡
ͻأַͷǰ
Ǵޱ޼ʣˮһߣûб˰
ͷǰͷǰ
ַʶﲻͣ仰ͻȻַĿ֮ҪϨһâʢ̨֮һڴӵľѹ֮½˳ˣַľоһ㣡
𾪣ԼѾԪֵľǶԷǿӾ쾳磬ľȻԺͨԪֵľ£Ű
ҷľǳɳضΪ֣ΪʲôҪôõ츳Ϊʲô
һҪɱҡ֮У
Ӵ˿и񶾵뷨ȫǳڱ̬ļַ羫ܴΪֹڴˣǣöԷԷֲܴ
Ӳַ֪סһĽ飡
Ҫһַľѹ֮ʱȴоԼľͻȻ͵һжϣæס飬طס˾ķɣǻǴ֮һΣ͵ȥ
һ룬ˣֻĵĵ˼վס˽ţס塣
˾Կãֻһ˲¡˿þѹַ磬ַɫ԰ףͷ亹һ̣ӲԵڵء
ʲô״˳ͣ˼ĿһĻǸϺһֱƴˣ۾ȣԼ۾ԸͻȻվˣҲȥһֵľһڵĸֻǿ
аҺԼļʱҪȻĻԼ϶̱ˡ
˸ͷһֵľŪɰ׳ˣôԼɴѸͷϵˡ
ԻΪʷǧŵһţ
һֵľôôǿ
µһַƶڴھתʮ겻ͻƣǰһָ㣬˴Բ磬ʦֺͼλʦֵ⣬һŲ᳤ֻ֪һ۾ͿƶΪ᳤ֻλ£
ӵĻһ˴ڳǴԲ찡˴Զ·һ仰ǸĳϣһΪֻС֣ݺ͵λˣֻԼƽˣ𾴵ĳߣֻ𾴵Ķ֣죬ȴһС֣˶޷ܵģֱͻƴԲ٣ֱλ١
£ЩǰӺͲмַ˶ǳĲַ𾴣
ַаӼٱ飬ģղɱӣֶô
ֱַӵ۾ƽȵĵʦɽ̫ԭɽţ


122 Ӵս
Ŷԣ鲻Ȼı˱䣬ֻһţ˶ϸ΢ı仯жڲ죬ʲôλǿ߶أ
һԵŶͻȻʮǰһ£ֻڸ֪ŶʮǰڸһӣϣĪǡ
סڣЩʧ̬ĴһŶԹԵվһߣҲտڲԡŶзǳ춼ϺǳˣԺԼ϶ûкӹˡ
ôʲô˵𣿡κЦŶ˵ֲ˵ʮǰӰɣ䵱ǰڸµʦܰɣ˵ûɣ
ɽ䵱ӣ˶ʮʱһΪ˴ڣǵʱ䵱һһˣߴɵһˣȫаֵڶаֵ壡ڡ֮ǡ֮սսȺۣõ˽֮ǵʸ񣡵ʱȥһˣֻһ˴֮˳ʮʱΪѾﵽ˴ھתʮʱһΪΪ䵱֮£Ϊһˣ
޵½űɽĻΪһţΪ̫ҫˣĹâѹ䵱ˣѹ䵱š
Ӵŭ죡
ʮǰֵķз䵱ò׽ѹڣô˵أҺԣӸоַЩ϶ַ粻֪£ô϶Ըַ磡ԣҲַ֪룬ַȻΪãǾǿĿ£Ⱦڶ칫϶˷˲ţӸղŶɱַ䵱£ǿľ϶Ϊϱѡ
һŭ֮£̲סˡ
ҲǱƲѲų֣ԼݣԸ֣ȴۣܵǳĵۣ˴αԵĹ˲ģſıӾëԼôС£϶ǳĺð졣ɽʮҲûˣɢɢģû뵽ôС£ȴˣǸ䵱Ӷˣ֪˵Ļ϶ĴҲ£
ӲûжƻһκȵķȥκȲдһæеġ浶һĻӵķ˹ȥ
䣡
һ˶ը𣬺ɫĻɫӡʱʧǿ֮һ˼ڣ
κȵ岽оϢңӾվκʮ׿⣬ĮĿ֡
κЦҪΪǴڴԲʤֵܣֵ֣ĪУ
ĮȻ֮ھתĸǵ֮£ƶҪǷ紫֮еǰ
ӶŶκεӶҪ֣ϷҪ֣
Ŷ֮ڵ͹㲻˵Ҳᶯֵģұ۸ĻôǶ֣ҲûŰ𣿡
ڵӷ׷ɢ˾ַһҲԶԶվһߡЩ˿϶ߣڸֵĽսֻҪһԼԺзǳĺô
ܶɿƿ޷ͻƣרѰЩֽսĵطĬĬĹۿѰ𰸣ЩˣһֶѰҵ˴𰸣ЩûѰҵ𰸵˻϶ֶսʱ
ԴͻƴԲ֮󣬺˽֣Ǽλϵд裬Ҳܷӳںò׳һᣬӵȻʹʹĴսһ
ֶֶԵУֻǸԶһۣ뷨
޵ºͱɽ׷׳վκԣ˳ͣɹأ빥κȻ浶޵絶ɽ鵶˵ʽЮƥҾ磬κ˹ȥ
ĺãӿ˵ĹɫԼȻǴڴԲ˵Ϊڴתϣ˶ĺͨǳĬֹȫһɴԲĹӻĻˣ
ϵ޷죬񣬱Ƶ㣬Ա಻ϵĹصĿ֮ж˼
ˣȫܣʮйѾǿľежȥȻȥѪ߰ߣǱֻ˶ѡ
䣡
棬ƵƵǽĳµȥ
ʼˣϵĬӦͺܻ֮Żٵĳٶ۵㣬ץסļ϶˵ִңƣôͻ£
ƻӴһ˫һӵӡһľ񲨶κֶȥ
֮еϴϢ֮ʱӸպ׽סһ㣬һ߳𴦣㼱˶¡
κȵǰӰһһݵֹͣһ˿ڱǽϵٱѵͷ¡
磡Сģɽһӵȶȥ
ɱ
κȿһ浶ų˷ӭӵӰһ𣬡žУκȵĻ浶ӵӰƿӺݺݵһκϡ
κȲҺһɫҰףȫȻ۶ϡ
ҲڿҪأ޵ºͱɽл
߳һ˫ּ֣Ӱ֮д޾ɱ֮£ӿ岽
ЦһһŴھѽ˵κȣߵؒ𣬷Զ
κȺȻأҳһӡ
ֹͣʼӺ޻֮ץסֵ㣬һٽ˴ˣκȵֹѶϣѾʧȥһս޵ºͱɽ˾ƣ˲ᡣ
Ӵ˿̣ڷӿͷĿѣɫ԰ףɢң֮Уѿپ׼׷޵ºͱɽĳơ
ӰУ޵ºͱɽңٿ֮䣬޵ѱһмͷ޵ͻػХһ󷭷ɶȥ
ɽ类ɣͷޣֱӳӵӰһɱ׳Ϣϱŷȫһ׳ʿһȥͬھʽ
飬ͷ飬һһ־磡УԼ
ɽȣ鵶飡飡ˣˡ顯ĺˣԭġ顯ȴ飡ɣӣ
ɽؼʱ˵У
黯飬鵶
ɽȻͬĳͬĹǵ֮ǰȫı䣡һֱϢϢӵǰǿɱ¾֮ȫ෴
֮дһľ磬
ϢǳìܣǻֺػֺǾ顭
ڳ˶Ϣ˼
ߣ
ɫȻһ䣬ɽҲһţؼʱ̣ȻһͻƵһַǳľ磡ÿȻĹͬףɽһֱ鵶ֻҪִһ׷ʼգƶᣬĶǷǳµģּĸ֣һͻƣҪӷǳս
̫򷨹һ
Ӵһʹ˾УͻȻһѳ˫ڵһȣǿ˫ų֮ĵը˼ӣ໥ƣƽԶߺͱĪ⡣
һݣҲȫ··ǧӰ뱫ɽΧȥ
䣡䣡䣡



123 
Ӱݺύһıըһ㣬ռǿľܿ콫۶ƷϵĵذҲȫĳ֮»ΪƬ
ս˷׷ƶ䵱Ӷ⣬ֳ˼Σ
ۻҵĹڿռ֮Щֲ˵֮ʱʧȫһ㣡һĻ˶޷⡣
ʮӹͣĵ⽣ӰҲʧȫݻ٣ֳһƬǽ塣
վʮ׿ţϷǳĸɾûһ˿˺ۣĳ񶼳۾һ㣬ƹ˵塣
ɫ԰ףĿһĮĿŵط
ӵĵѾ־磬ʼղһߣɱң
ûɽҵĴͶ磬Ļ򲻳־磡ֻҪҽųȥʱգҵΪͻᳬ㣬˳һᱨ
ЦһǸ֮ˣҽ첻ߣҲɱ㣬һͻƣ
ɽһЦôģΪҲ֪ʲô𣿡

ӺͱɽͻȻЦ˸оĪ֮ʱ˵Ͽʼ˺ıը
ÿһεıը˵ϾͻһֲѪѪֹűըƲס˶ȥ˵϶ը߰˸ѪѪҲ̶á
ɽ鵶ѵĳסԼ壬ֻǳһ룬͵ȥȻҡҡ׹ǲûе¡
ӣڸգֺһֵʱֵĹ֮½ڽڰˣȫһԼĻᣡȻ֮ȻֻһСС©ҲŹԼġƻϮˣ˿Լʶȫ֮£δУֺͶִֹˣԼҲڸܴһҪܱɽ֮ʱɽһľ磬˲Ŵܾˣ
ܣκȺ޵˱ߵĺһ嵽˱ɽǰ
ӵĵǶ赣ģҲɱǶˣұûɱǵ˼ֻΪ˵鱦ʧһ£
κȴӣΪǰ׳ǵΪЮͻƣȻͿѧϰ֮ͻɱǣ
Ӳ԰׵ɫһ࣬ȷôģȴܳϡ
ӵòȻĵ㲻ҪС֮ĶȾ֮ǸϣСˣƽʱˣɱҲһƾ٣ҪҧʶģҪΪĲɱ
ȻܸߣǸβסԼ
κȺ޵˲˵ֻŭӡףٶ˵Ļ˵׼ɱǡ
ӵ˴Ǹ䵱ʥҩƣúдõ
ǣϣ
ŶЦȥ֪ŶֵĳԹ⽫ֽŶдֻǸġ
һԹս֮ˣϵĸֶ治٣֮µˣֻǿһֶѣͿʲôŵаλ䵱ӵʱ꼰ɥ
ֱץߣַҲʹգȻûˣַ϶䵱ԼһĲΪ䵱ӣЩɼÿһ˶ҪӣʣµʱֻҪַ㱨˾ͺˡ
ַҪ֮ʱӶַͰЦ᳤ֻԵȡ
ַĵ֪кָ̡
ӵַ磬ǷԸ䵱£ҿΪҵӡȻΪҵĵӣݵλڶ칫ְλ͡
ַԣûʲô仯˶ڵЩɨս䵱⻰ֱֱĸоѾĽַҲǸ쾳𣿾ǴʦôôڸϵĵӣС˹ʺˣЩ˶Ľʺޡ
ҲǳĳԾǵɫܲÿô˵ģ᳤ֻ˽̸ĵЩǿ
ַʲô˼
㵱ҵ£ңǴҵ
ӵ᳤ֻȲ˵ǲĵӣǡҺͬһʦΪҲûʲôסҾڶ칫ֻ˷˲ţ䵱պһܳΪһλǿߣ˾᳤ǻġ
˵ȫһλߵ̬ȶλ˵ģȻֿͻַ磬ɣһ죬϶û
£㻹ûиһ£ң
ַίĵڻڶ칫Ҫְ޷ûʱġοʦ²ʦ
ַȥ˾ûйϵģ̫ˣղűƴɱԼַʦɲǽͷݣͷˡ
ºû̫ϵġοʦΪ֣ʦʦʦֻҪͻͺãǸʦϣԼĵѧĶࣿǿ󣿣
Ӷܾˣ㻹ַ鲻ܴӦ䵱˲μӱ֮⣬Ҫݷ䵱µʦ֮һµΪʦġ
ԣҪʧˣµǰѾˡ
ʲôַһˣ
ӵ˵ͷûԣȻҪ䵱ʦģҵ°ɡ
ַ֪ӵҲãԼи֮䵱һɣһѧϰ֪ܶʶַǳĲϲˣòȻαӣ
ַСˣҲỵˣΪС˾СˣĹ䣡˾ǻˣҾǸɻµģαӲͬµͷһֱڸɻ£ַľˣַ粻Ϊʦģ
Ȼаַһ㶼ˣͦ˳۵ģԼ֮󣬺ַ֣жЩھΣ
ַȻܾлĺ⣬ʧˡҪʦҲʦҪʦ˼ҵͬ⡣
е˶óǰַĻЩΪѡַʽܾӡ
ڳһˣǸҪΪͽһܾˣһԴ¿𣿾Ȼܾ䵱ڶǿߵЩ䵱ӿˡ
ǵҲû뵽ַܾʱ᳤ַ䵱ߴ֮һ䵱Ժĳɳкôҽ㻹°ɡ
ַĴĴΣգʱԸ㣡䵱ɽںϴҲҰô
Ϊ˶칫濼ǣǵȻϣַǵĸ᳤ַ϶ܶôַ֪̫ԭط飬ʱҵַԸַ磬䵱ȫġ
ַмĿһۣ֪ΪԼ롣
ӲĿǵһۣղŻü۵ķԣôͻȻתˣַ磬㻹ǿǿǣ䵱ĴʱΪ㳨š
ַ˵ͷû˵ʲô
᳤ֻӿһĺλСֵܣ᳤ֻܷøϷأ
ַɫ࣬һ˼ҲӦڶ
ʺӦ޻˵֮£䵱ڱһַĻˣ̫ˣεˣַ̲ȥˡ
ʵַҲϺı֮úԼߣԼԶһ֡Լûü˵أӽȵˣַܲ
ӵĶַ䵱ǧһڣһʮﵽǶ칫ᣬ᳤ֻ⣿
ȸˣַŤͷߡȻֻǺȥȺĻش
ӣҿԼ䵱䵱ƣһĥĺûᣡҲϲ㣡Ҳĵӣ
Ļ䣬Χսٴε񾭱ˣֱӺӵ֣һɻ䣡ǶһǿߵļΪأͬҲֱԷ֣ˣҲҪƺΪͷôֱӺˣⲻҪģҪǣӻû˵ҪҪպΪأ⺮ֱҲϲ㣡Ҳĵӣ
ӵǳ˳飬зǳķŭǻסˣðɣҸһʦ
ĵأҽֻһʦҲΪʦģ
˵ֱ̫ˣַ綼ΪһѺֱӵԸһƢõĸ֣ôֱӾȥȲȥˡ
ӵĻ𣬵ֲܷΪԼ˼Ҽ䵱ģֲ˼Ҫ룬Լô𣿾Լһ˼ңҪ˼ҷ𣿺οڷԼ飡
Ǻðɣһָġ
أҲҪκָ㣬ԼѧϰֻҪӦһͺá
ѾĲˡ
˵
ҵɲҪκԼҪ䵱ɱ˲ܵ䵱Լ
һ㶣ʲôҿԴӦ㣬㲻Ե޹ʵɱˣһǱڵĹֻҪսִӦ״֮Ϳɱ֣ûл׷ΣԣҲһ㡣
á䵱˶ͷڹ꣡
仰䵱˵ŭӵĿ£ЩҲҷַЦǻˡ
ЦãеҾϲˣҵƣԺս˭ս˭
һɫƷɵ˺˻

ΧķΧɽֱΪ׷壻Ϸ壻ħ壻·塣Ĵ϶ɣħĴϵء
˴ַĿĵؾ³ϵء·塣
ַ𣬲˸绰˾ԼҪ䵱æһЩ顣
·壬ɽ룬һ֮޷ԽֻƾɺǿھſԽͨ޷˵ء
ַ籧Сèֻһ˷ɽԽ룬һʱ֮·塣յ嶥ַ绹ûüϢһȴԶ
ߺˣ
Ӱĸʿַ֮ǰ
ַλѣɽ̫ԭ磬ʦ֮ǰݼ³ϡ
Ϊ׵һʿλʩµǰ·ĳϣݳ󣬲һ˿ǰȥݵģʩ¡
ַҲףһʵˣһСյȥ𣿿
Ǽʦҵ
ַ˵ţһӵƵ˹ȥ
Ϊ׵ĵʿӹһʧϵƣ
ʲôƣ
ԣ嵽ǰ棬һһʿеƣȥ˸ϸȻ쳣ĵûǳϵƣ
ͻȻɫһ䣬ַַ磬䵱ͽʮǰ䵱һ̫ԭأ뿪̫ԭذ벽Ϊһͽĵӣ㻹䵱
ַŭ죬ǿѹסԼŭɫĵҴ˴ǰһǼµǽⳤƹ黹䵱⣬Ѵһ
ַǳĿϾ˼ҵĵˣܲͷַôҲ㲻ףԼʦô䵱ͽأôǰ˵ǿ϶ˡ
ˣذɡ
Ա߸ղŽӴַĵʿһ⻰ŭǣʲô˼߳ƽŶûУ
Цţ³άˣֻһԼĴ˵
³άЦѵ㻹ɱҲɣûǸӣ
ǰûǸӣյЦţڳѳҿ϶Ҫҵӣ֮λ³άҲ룬ôᣬܵ˴𣿣
³άǣխĺѵܵΣҵᣬΪ
ȵȣַæλȱˣ⵽ô£


124 ˵ϻֻɱˣ
³ά¶֮ɫַǰ³֮󣬲ûָ˭һλϼ̳ˡŴΪ᳤塯֮λκһλϳ֮λ˶ŴΪ֮λһҹ֮ʱ壬ϷǱʩѹʣµŽһ£Ҳû֮λǱ峤֮λȱ꣡ս裡ûһ˼̳г֮λǱ类壡ֻ֪Ҫ˭ӵгƣ˭һγϣǳʧ꣬һֱûϢ֣㷽óǴųݵơ
ַˣԭʦ̸ԼǵĻ
ַһ룬ˣƸˣǰȥɱɱȥҵ¡
ַλѣƺûйϵʦ³Щɽ鷳·ȥ³ϷǰһݣʦԸ
³ά˳ˮۣȻλСд⣬Ҿʹȥɡ
³άߣͨ籨𣿡
ǵ³άַΧ
ַĴԷɿתţ¹شǵ˺пɱ³άԼڣȻнƽӡ
û˿̵Ҫɱڣ³άַ磬ڴ˵ذɡҲɱǣʦıص֮ԣǱ
³άŭ߱ɱͬţѾӶԷأ㾹Ȼɱң
Ц³ά̫ˣӲԷأǵݸ߸ϣһĻǣ̫ˣǸŶ飬û˿ѹֿ϶ܲˣ㣿ֻһССĵӣ˾ˣ˭ںѵǸȥ̫Цˣ
㡭³ά˵˵ǣ϶Ѳ˸ϵ
𣿡Цַɱأɱַ磬ǿǴһ
³άŭɶͬʱĿڴƽʱ˻㲻ȻӪһֱûʲôͻû뵽ؼʱǻô޳ܣ
ǵͬŵķϣŶʦӵķϣʲôԣͿ˵ɡ
ַ絭ĮĵҲ˵ϻֻɱˣ
ŵģ쾳綼ȻַǰţַѾǺܾˣǵһ仰ַʦʱַѾɱģַϾ䵱ҪɱԷ϶УɱԼʣַộ
޿̣̣
Ӱƣ
ַǰûκεԤףͺ죬ͻȻĸһȭʤ
һʱӰɣַֻӰûе˸ǰͬʱһҽУ˳ȥ
ԶˣͬһʱһѪȻ͵վĳɫֵĿַ硣
Ǿֵĵ쾳磿

Աһʿ֣һվվˣôᣬô졭
ַƲЦţ벻ͨ벻ͨȥɡ
һȵȣɱңҡ
ַǵĻҶǵԲȤɱҵˣһŹ
˼ַɱȻҲ˵ٽַӭ˹
ַ翴˵ĽУһǽеһ켣ֻôһоѣ̰ǹ½֮оţһë㲻ϣ
ַ粢ûʹǽԴСϺףòϾС˵ĹַţһĻַվԭһ˵Ĺӭ
ַ磬㣡ʹõǽϻ
³άѣַĨһ˿ȣҲϻַҪЦ°ˡ
ַŲǲһ֮䴩˵һߣˡ
˾վԭأǵĽлûȫӳӦе͸оǰһ󿴵ԼеĽĪʧˣȻһֻгûнȥһϢֱϮʲô֪ˡ
ͨ
ͬʱأ֮ϲðһɹɵĺѪ
³άĿڴֱӴڵ
ַ߹ȥ³άļ򣬡лл㡣
³άлʲôӦлл㣬ҵ
ַл㣬ΪղңǵҵİΣ
³άͷ˼ĵ֪ôҾͲˣҿͺҲ࣬ڲ㣬Ѿ쾳ˣ̫ˡ
ãơ³άӣʬԼַܵǰַ磬ַоע³άһ£ˡ
ַ룬൥ĺӡַղȻǵ˽֣ǰл³ά³άڰ͵ϮԼԼˣϱضеˡ
ַ籾֮УΪַ粻ϲ鷳ȴܲˡ
һַģַôܲ׵Ľȥأο֪Ǹ¾ȻҪɱԼô
ڶµʦֵܣϵͬһ㣬Լô˵ҲҪƽһֱ֮ˣʼʼգôܰ߳ȥԼأ
³άԲҲӦĴ塣ɣȥµĹǰɨĹȻȥӡ
õġ³άڴӦ
֣롣³ά˸ƣַǰȥʱַ罫󱳽³ά
һѳٵĳ³άУֱӴַıĴ
³ά㡭ַŤͷŵĿһĻ
ַһ³άؿڣ˽ľ룬³άܲһƱڵأַĵĺ˼Ҳ˵ϡ
³άվǵʧ֮һı飬ڵϵַ磬ĵҪңҪ־͹Լ̫űˣ
ַŭѾ׼ƽˣΪλҪɱң
³άҸղŴӵϰʱ㲻ӵĻҿ϶ɱ㣡ҽҼӵĻôϳ֮λ֮ôҵһһ֮£֮ϣղŽˣƸҵӵĻôأô϶ȫˣӿ϶ֻ䣬ֻһ㽱Ͷѣ˵ʲôò˵òɱֻҪɱˣе鶼û֪еĺôһã
ַû뵽³άһˣӿʼڣ³άһֱַǳĵЩЦݣеµı飬ͷɵɵӣַҲһֱע³άǵ³άƽԼʱַȷ³άֵһжȻģû³ά
ַͻȻݼ߹Լһ仰κʱ򣡶ҪԼĺ󱳽κˣ
ַξԼĺ󱳽³ά³άȴԼһ
ַЦţ³ά޻˵Ҫ־͹̫ˡ
³άϹŲпЦ籾һ˳˵磡ҪԼţҪʱ޿̵ȥߵˣκˣȥκˣѵһ㣬ʦûнңֻ˵һ׳գİɣȻôңһһȫʬúðģ
ûΣûػһ˻Żʲô˼ˣ
ַ˵ţӵվֽϵĽΡ˳
һѶϽַؿڵĽֻ΢΢Ļַؿ֮Ƥؽ֪٣
ô
ܣ
³ά֮£ȥΪԶַ磬һ̴࣬һҲɣԼ̴ַ࣬Ϊʲôֻаؽؽ֪٣ַֻһƤˣ
ַЦţûʲôܣҪɱңҪñɱ׼ΪҾôĽҵĺ󱳸ҷĵĸ㣬Ӧ
³άַ֮ʱַоΣգʹɼܣǰѽǮܵľԴַĽʵûκεɱ
ҪɱңҪɱҡ³άֵĿһһӽԼַ磬⣬岻Ծȥ
ұɱ㣬Լô˼ȫأ
ַǹЦǰؽ³ά˹ȥ³άֻֿߣһֱַ֣̬֣³άתȫĹֿȭַ˹ȥ
һâ³άûüҽУѾ촦
ɱ䵱ˣַ粻ٴζͣڼ´ʦ֮£ֻգշ㡣
³֮£ϵش󣬼ǵʦ֮ʱֶһҪƽ³ϣ³ϲڣ³¾ŴַһҪ취ƽһ֮УҲȴʦµһԸ
ô죿
취䵱ԼҲи֮˽ӵΪ˺ԣ
˵ز˾ַٵɽ±ȥ
·壬һ·֮ɽĵʿַ綼ĶЩ˵ߣɽ¼۶ȥ
ʱѻɣߵϼɢɢ֮жزأַ׼ɽϢһ·壬Ȼ취䵱
ַ·һ·֮ʱ䵱ʿΧһꡣսΧʮ䵱ӵʬ壡
Լʮ߰꣬һΪﵽŲΪʱΧʿ֣걻ʿƵˣ·磬һʱỹϲꡣ
ַ翴İ࣡䵱ʿʹõĶ䵱Ĺͬһޣˣַ룬ԼھŲʱͬʱʿԼмܲסȴʿ˸ƽ֣
ĲǳĹ죬ַоʹõĲƣǺֶһʲô棬ַҲסõһѶ̵һĵҪһ֣ǿֱһĵҪϼ֣˵ĸоǳĲײࡣÿγ֮䣬Ĺһ֣Թϴκȵľ浶ڶֹԹ϶޵µ絶ֹ˵ǹǹ֮аἺİɽ鵶
ַѾжϳ϶Ѳ˹ϵ
˫սʮ֮λĹ֮½֧ڱ֮£ɫһƴĵס˵ĺϻ˦һʮףȻ³һѪ֮󣬴һȻλҪϾɱôͲҪºˣ
ʱȫ˺ۣؿһƣ߹ǶҲܴȫ˵ˣȻ֮ˣǷǳأλʿҲǳǱһ˵ͷճͺӣһ׻һ㣬ȫð̣ɫǳĲ԰ףŽھҵĲţ񽣶òһ㡣
һλһֱ䵱ɽж꣬ǸӳΪΪͬǵȻҪɱ


125 Ī
ðɣ꽫һҧȻҪǶ
˴һȻĹͲܹ죬ΪԶûǵǿԣɣ
ףԼѾ˲ˣȥԼ
ǣʹ˴УԵۿɼٶȷľۼܿ˵ǰγһС͵籩
һʱ䣬ƺɫֲͬԵںϣǿֲƺҪǰһдݻ٣
ַ翴ĿڴžŲΪȻᷢǿĹַŲʱ򣬶ԼΪǳ⣬ںǰԼԲǰĶ֣һУַûܵס
ƣ
һȣڵ˲ıգγɵ籩ӿȥ
ã
˸о籩֮е޷ģǸоֹѾ칥ķ룡Լʦʦֵ֮ܽʱоֵȼԼʦһԪڵĸ֣ǰֻһ컹ĳߣ
죡֣̫
ٽֱһ㣬˵ַ켣ȫͬԭȴûж𣡺ܿ죬ĵط˰˵㣬˵ٵķֽʮĵ㣬ʮĵһγһԲεİͼͼɢ֮ʣһǿȦ˰һ
ַ翴˵ĽڳԼǽ֮еľŵǳƣԼĽССǾʹǳıŤҶҪǳ󣡵ʮĵһ֮ȴ˲٣ͼγɱ˵ķʱ伸Ҫһ£΢ͻʧܣͺһн˱ͬЭɣ
䣡
籩ײȦȦ屬ʿߵķһ嵽ͼķǽһ籩˻ȥ
ʵַ׼ʹơʱַоѾΣڵȫգַڰ׼꣡ϾֱץֱַӵĹϵַ粻ǵĵҲɥ䵱ôһžôˣ̫ϧˣ
˳ȥ֮ˣ걾ΪԼȫɱǰʿԼȻˣǶ֮Уӹһ٣ǵԼĹһ󲿷ԭ·֮ʱ֪Լˣûκ˱һе
֮ʱһӰԼǰ棬𽣣յ£һͼһȦ˰档
Ȧոγɣ籩ͺһײȦ籩ԭصķأ֮ȥ
λʿûǴӵʱÿַʹľŵ죡
⡭ʲô
û˵ΪѾû˵ʱ䣬˶ʱض籩û
ΪʲôңĿַ磬ûһĸм֮ɫ
ַ絭ĵΪһţҺ㡣
ңЦǿЦλʦ˵䵱֮ûһöȫαӣ㾹ȻͬʦֵܶɱҴ۽磡
ַ磬ԭַ統䵱ˡ
ַȻҲ䵱ӣ
ַ翴Ѿҡҡ׹˫֮ȴսⰻȻ˿ûԼ
ߣΪǰ׳㷽ʹõĽλʿʹõĽͬһޣѵһῴ
ַ治֪ôˣʱַоԶ˷ɱ
ߣ
ַ罫Ҹ£ɿɽ·ٱ۶ȥ
ַһ·񱼣ûɽתһȦɽϵȥ
ʱ֮ɽһַһƽأڵϣһЩɫ𽥵ĺ
ʵΪִɽǳַʱӦӵԽԶԽãô˵ܲܣⲻ뻢
ַ䵱ɽĵ̣䵱ɽɱˣܵᱻҵһɽ缯Уǵͻ¶Ҹұ֤ÿÿֵһССĴﶼ䵱ˣضǵĵ̣ɽɽһҲڶ뵽ǻǵƤΣյĵطȫĵط
һһ㶵ģȻûⷬ˼
Ĳ䵱ˣ꿪ʼַĻˡ
ַƲ죬䵱ˣ׽ȥˣһôۻĴ㶫𣿣Ŷˣʲô֣
ҽĪƣأ
ַ磡
ַ磿ĪƵɫЩĿַ硣
䡭´ҡħ𡭡ǬתĪֹʲôɫЩ˷ܣЩЩʧ䣬Щ
Ī뿪֮ʱԼʦ˵ԼĻȥ½硯ϣ֮֮⣬һΪҪ񡭡ѰĹޣѰһŷֵˣӵԶħѪƣǷ磬紵ɢӿƶһ֮ܵǣƣħʯ֮ħʯͻӦеϢҪֻɱŻ᲻죡ɱһ
ʦģһдˣ
ôˣҹɫ֮£ַ翴ĪƱ任ͣɫֵ̬Ϊַˡ
ûûʲôĪЩ顣
ʲôʲôַ翴ĪƵһɫıʯɢŨ
ַ첽߽ĪƣոտĪƣǱʯ֮ϵһ˲仯ΪУʯһƬĩ
ҿһǽģ
ַһֱں飬ǽȴѽģֳ˯˰ɣ
ôĪƴһʦ˵ħʯԶħٴǿ޷ݻ٣ΪʲôͻȻɷĩ
ʦ˵ԼҵǸˣħʯᷢȻԼһЩϢħʯȷˣȴʲôϢûд䣬ôûˣ
ѵһħѰ˰ˣˣ
ַһ޹ĿĪƣЦҡҡͷ
ңǷʲô£Ϊʲôᱻ׷ɱ
ûˣĪҲֻϣλʦ˵ȥ䵱һҪ£ɽµǡҵһˣȲסˣ䵱ô£ҸտᵽʦţЩʿͲ׵Ĺң˶ڣҹѲڣһ·ʮˣɱʣ֮ҡ
ַλʦǲ֣
ǣô֪
Ҽʦַѵʱ˵ꡣ
һҪλʦȳĪ֮󣬷ǳ侲˫֮˸Ŵ̹ǵâ
ðɣҰ㡣
ңĪƿַ磬ΪʲôҪңҺֻƼˮ꣬ңҪң
ַҲ֪ôǳ˳ۣԾ㣬Ҳ㡣
ʵֱַץԼɵģȻ˿аַ˲ʮ֮ˣ£Ҫʼգʮ֮ͽݺ˾ݺˣɱҲɱˣǲǣַ϶Ҫ취ǳ
˳ۣʵĪҲָоַĵһʱ;Լַ׽ĸоҪɱ˰
ðɣҽİԸæģҲû㣬ԣҲǷʲôľ֮һģգҾرĪҲһַ粻ƽ޹ʵİԼ϶Լɡ
ãˬ죡ַҲǳϲ˵ˮˣһһǶ
ǣڵϣ˼ƻ


126 䵱
ʲô˵䵱䵱ӣĪƻֵ֮ķС
ַһĵ뻢ѨɵûӡҪ֪λʦǱǸڵΪȥһٸһǧҲǿԣֻȡ
ðɡĪҲַͬ˵ǴӺ֣Ǹ䵱ĸ߲ҪǸĵӣΪǸǲܵģ
ַĪ˵ûԣǶӵͲ֣ȻһһȥǸȻλʦȳҺţƾǵ츳һ֮ڣǸ󲢲ʲô£
ĪƵ˵ͷȻ䵱ڸӵҪǳϸΪ䵱û⡣ڸֶĴϣ·ǰѾˣŴҪ䵱ѡ·壡־ô
ַȻԼ˵ĻȫĪƸ˵ˣַЦĪ˵ûĿǰ·ңνӢۣŴÿ˶˲ţҪĳͷ·ѡ
ãǾҵƣ֮ھͻ῵ʱһ䵱
£ַе㻳ɣҿ¶òˡ
ĪЦЦʥҩûġŶˣûɣ֪Щյرϸǰ·䵱ģÿ˵ĵϸҪһ׳죡
ҵû⡣ַǹܻģ϶û⣡ַȴе㵣ĪˣϾĪֵͽܣ䵱˿϶ʶأ
Ī䵱ɽŰ꣬һֱλʦѧϰδɽ벽Ҳǵһγɽ׷ɱҵʮ߸ȫˣұ֤֮⣬û֪ҵݣ
ʮ߸ĪƵ赭дַһ񺮣ôͣ
˼˵ǰ֮ǰΪʦģ
ǵģûȻʦãһΪʦΪĵ䵱ɱʦұ֤һƽ䵱
ƽ䵱ַ翴ĪƷƵ飬ַĪƵĻĪһ˵ʵһܲ䵱
ż񰡣ַ̲ס£Īһô򵥣
Ϊ˶䵱Ѱɽ˴죬ڵҹ˲͵͵ɽַһȥһЩ̯һЩ˵·ȻҵеĪƣ˴·ٰѴѪ·ųڴ֮ϡ
ΪζĿһǳ˵סһסǶʮ죬ĪƵҲȫָ
ʮҲˣַоĪһ˿ǳسŵʲô鶼ַ緢֣ĪƸ˸о˵£һ־Ӹµ̬ȣ˫ںڵ񣬺һһ㣡
ַ²ĪƲһˣǵַ֮ĪƵ֮ʱĪֻһʴ˵ǴһԶĵطģַĪ֮Ҳû׷ʡ
ڶʮַĪڱϼ򵥵ң䵱ɽ·塣
ˬ紵һ⡣·壬ͨ˵ԽǵǶ˵ȥǱȽ׵ġ
ߺˣ
ϤĳϤֻǻѡ
ֱߵĿյ֮ϣ˸ʿҴҵĸ˹˵ɫѾʣԴϴε鷢Ժ䵱ľϸ˲١
ַǰ΢ЦŵλѺãǶǴĽ·ڴӣǶ䵱ɣλѴ
Ϊ׵ʿһ֣ĿһֱַĪƵɨɨȥַͣϵ˼Ϊˣ
ַǶ˶߲Ϊ
߲㣿ʿɫͰĵôСѾ߲ˣܲðɣҴȥ
ʦǵȥɡ
ȥ
ȥɣʦ֡
߸ӶȥʿǱˣΪʦȥɡ
ʿһ㶣жףʦˡ
˵ϸ𣿾һΪˣַˡ
ʿһ·ǰţַĪ˼򵥵˵һ·ڵʽ
ַ磬ĪƣҽǽͺáĿǰ·ǳң϶յӣյӵҪҲ̫ϸˣֻҪߣյġ䵱һɣܶ߶䵱˵ʵɣǰһӣȥˣ˵ܿûˡǶ˻𣿡
Ȼˣҿ϶ȥġ
֮֮ǰǻӣҲѻˣ϶ĪƵĻش
áʿȻλִҪ룬Ҿ˵˵·Ŀǰյĵӣһ֮һԣԵǰͻΪϵҵӣʣµģֻһˡ
һ·ϣַĪƽ·ľһЩ⣬һֱַֻ̽ĪˣʵȷǿַĪƵΪо˷ǳĲһ㣬ĪƣϴһλߵƣȻûбֳĸһѹָСַ磬˵ĸоƽͣһжô⣬ƽûԺſһһ֮䶼ĺƽҲһЦݣһôȻԽȻͻô˲򵥣ǳĲ򵥣
ַĪ˽⵽³ϵľŴΪ֮λѾȥڴӣӺ;ŵԳϣ
ԼСʱ֮ɽ忴ɢĽһЩ֮Ľһӵĵ֮ڣȻ˹Ǽ˵ϢٸַĪưס֮
䲻Ǻܴ󣬵Ƿǳ࣬ŴһӣһܣϷһЩ䵱ļҪʷһЩǳš
طǻ𣿣
Īüͷʲôû˵˼ˣ⣬ǳĲ⣡
ַ΢ЦлˣǶ֮ˣκݻĶ֮Ļǳʺǡ
ǳЦЦˣԺһµʱǶһºĵӶһϣҲһαԣȻϵĴͻˡûʲôµĻȸˡ
ߺַĪƵһˣһ·ȻǷƵ죬ʵ̽ǡ
ĪƵͷûյӶǺϸġ
ַʱһ֮ıԣǳͷĺûᣡҪúõİա
ĪƲھһҵģ
·壬ÿ춼ͶЩˣ඼֮µߣΪҲУǷǳ١
·ߣҲЩûг·ҵԼĹޣЩ׷ȨƵǿһĴţܶСɣЩСĳǶԼŮӻԾ䵱
Ϊ䵱֮е̩ɽ
ַڵĵ۷ǳĴסİٺˣЩ˶±װҲ䵱µݡ
ļַĪֻһַǳͷʹַÿ춼ֻռ·ϣҪռϵϣַķǳĿŵڵȥռ͵͵Ǳ·ĲȥһЩ
ЩݼǰڸַģܵκεطҪϤһУˣĻķϰߣκһϸڶܷŹ
⼸ĪҲһֱڰַռϣʵǰй۲ַ磬ַռϲŹκϸڣʱַѾϵԸһеӵķֲĿǰʽһĪƶַиһ㡣
ҹַгˡ
䵱˵˵ǿϾʯзֵġַ˳źһֱߡ


127 ˵еǸ
䵱ɽĿɽֲɿĻ洦ɼҹ䣬ҲмڹĹضϢˡ
ַ˼Ѳߵı߽һƬ֡
ַ߽֣оһɳɳ֮˹ַ߾裬ͺһ˭
漴һ˴Ӻһô֮˳
ַĿĪƵĪƣʲô
ô֪ңĪƷǳţԼģ۾϶ī
ַĲŲĺⶼ㣡
Īһ𾪣ܣжϳң
ǵġַͻȻݼ
һ̬ļܣһеֻﶼԷַ翴κһϢһ㣬ַĴԾһ̨һ㣬еϢֻֻҪַ翴ǰˣԾͻ˵ļ䣡ַǰ˵ĲͺȷĪƣ
ַ㰮Ųţ㲻ҪңҪң
֪Ҫʲô
˯ţ
ĪһҪ
˭ַͻȻоĳһЩˣǷǳĿ죡
ַĻ䣬һ˳ַֻĪƵǰ
ô㣿ַȻ
ַ֪䵱ɣû뵽ֻ
һȻĵ˭
ҡַ糶֡
ַ磿ѵһɱ֣Ҳ֡
ַ羪ȵҲһɱ֣
ô㣡ĪƿźǳľȣȻҲ֡
ҲһĪƣô̤Ьٴ꣬䵱ҵҺÿ࣡
ֵַˣʶ
ĪЦֹʶСʶ
ɱĵĪƣҲΪʲôɣ
ĪƵϻʮӴӡһΪ񣿲ǸˣѾҵˣ
ɫһ䣬𣿰ħʯóҿǸ˭ҿ԰ɱǸˣ
ĪƴЦ޷Ϊħʯֻħʯҵ˵еǸˡΪʲôҪó㿴ȡ˵׼Īҵʱǡšһ壡
𣿡ΪȻĵҵǸˣɱ˻ȥˣ䵱𣿱˲ĪƣѵҺĪǡ䵱
ĪĵҵĻôȥɡΪǰ׳𣿡
Ǻǣ㲻˵ҪԤѾ˵ˣǸһϣ֮ǣҲ
µʱûеϣ֮ǣ˰ɣ
ĪƣսܲĪƵ˵ˡ
ַ˵ĶԻ֪˵ݷǳء
ĪƵðҪ֮£һܣʶʶ
ЦСûӮһΣ
ĪŭСӣҪ˵⻰ÿζһǲǣ˵˵СӮһ˲оŴڶӺòã
ŭĪƣϻ˵Ҹطȹ֪
һ㲻ɣΣҪ㣬Ϊĵڶӣ
ȵȣַæվֻм䣬λȱ֡ȻСܴ򵽴󣬶ûзֳʤʵһð취Ƿֳʤ
ͬ˵
ַʵܼ򵥣ڵΪֻŲ㣬Ҳó˵Ļķǳĺãھһȥɱ֣û⣡˵ûɣ
˵ͷ
ַ취һǱɱˣ˭ֻʱڣɱԽ࣬˭Ӯ
ҲɣĪԣַ簡һɱ֣ɱְֵҵɱˣ˳Է˯ճȥɱˣҺһɱֱɱˣҲŰ𣿡
ڳϲˣ
Īŭʲôв㣿Ҹֿ⣬߰˸û⣬ôֻܰ͵Ϯֻӵķݣ𣿡
ȷˡַ磬㻹˵ڶɡ
ַڶҲǳļ򵥣ǾǱͬΪŲ㣬˭ͻ֣ô˭ӮˣһӮһСܣǾô
룬취öԷˣӴԺԼ磬Ƕôˬһ¡
ãٴͬ
ĪƵ㻹˵ãҼǵúüͻƵıɣ䶨ˣ׼ҵСܰɣԼСĶԼСܣǶôˬһ顣
ߣĪƣ㲻Ҫ˵̫磡Ŀ϶㣡ֻƨɺҴӣҾͿĵĲˣ
ƣ
ƣ
ַȻĵ˵ݵλ϶һ㣡Ҵǵ̸֮Уַжǿ϶ǳļ壡ѣַ֮õģȴǴСͷĶͷǵˣֻǶԶԷѣԣַƣ˫һʤһܣôǶֵܣȻᷢչĵˣ
ôԼô㶨أַʱȻģҲμӣûʲôɣ
У˵ͬ˵
Īȵ˵ѧң
ŭĪƣ˭ѧˣ˵ҾͲ𣿡

ˣǱˡַĶˣ֪ΪʲôͬҡΪҵΪյ죬嵽һתתתǺ׵ġƿԳǳѣǻôõˣΪԽ͵ʱͻƾԽѣԺΪˣͻһ˳ӵԽսҵ˼˵ͻһ㣬ͻ㣬ô
ĪԥˣȻĪƺַʶʱ䲻ַûһյĻ϶˵ַԼҪɱǸˣַμӱӮˣԼСˣԺСɱ磿ⲻǳ𣿣ȻⲻҪģʧȥ漰Լ棬棬棡ֵܣĪҲҲΪǼĴӣżԺһУ
ҲԥˣʼʶַʱΪַǳͨ죬ۿַӱԾӾȻˣӵʱҲ̽һڸֵľһǳߵľ磡ôܸһأ
Ҫǣַܾӵ룡ˣѧţҲǳĺãֵѣҲóַ뻯ĪƺԼĹϵ֪ĪƺͺĸԸȥ
ΪĪƶԷ취һһ˵Сܣַ壬ҲҪĸԸһлַ磡
Ҳַμ֮ıԣΪ¸ͺַûйϵǺĪԥˣôԥ϶ᳪ
ôˣĪƣ˼ַҪͻĸȼһ㻹ʲôѵ±˼ҴˣַСܣҵСܣ
˭˵ˣĪ֪ǼԼû취ֻǰ䣬ȾͱȣʲôǵĴɣ
ãַǻΪģ
žžž
֮󣬴ʷһˡ


128 
ڶһ磬˾ȥɽˡÿ˶䣬֮еϴ
ַոͻ죬һתҪͻתĻҪĸȼȻ˵ոյһոµľĻͻǰת൱׵ģǾԽߣͻҲԽԽģַľ͸ѾﵽԲľ磬ԱһԪֵľȴϣôԴȪ壡
Īƺͺ˵պúַ෴˵սȫԽһֵսǾϵĸûе쾳磬һֱûͻƣԣҪǸ򣡶ֻи˶ͻƣ
ǳÿ˵ͬĶͲͬһͬʱĳһŮˣһ˵Ŀ⿴Ǹ˵ģһ˿뷨ͬѡ
һɱ֣˵ɱ¾һӦֻɱ֮и򣬶Σȴķ֣ȥһСϪ֮ߣĹƽ͵վֻȻΪһ塣
Īƣ⼸һֱֻ̿ɽ죬ѡɽħޣħɱšħ޵ʬ嵽Ѫɡ
ַ͵͵ľ˵ص㣬Ȼǳĵ˵ͷžţƽ⣡ˣҪɱɱˣҪƽͣԭ˶֪ԼĿĵأҪģŬȥ׷
ַҪģǾɽһƽأתڵǽĹĬĬתš
֮䵱Ӵֻ֪ͨԼõĵص㼯ϡ
Ȼֻж̶̵ʱĪƺͺ˲ٶַоǰֻǽѹƲͻƣڣ˳ͻ֮ʣôһֽʱͻƣַԼȻûһ
Īƺͺַ磬˶յЦš
ַ磬ҪСˡ
ǰҲôãҿ϶Ǵ硣
磿Ҹ㣬ʱͻƣ͵ܰɣ
ƣ
ߣ
˾ȻСŮˣƢһһתͷˣַ粻Ųʣַǳ
ڶһ磬ϰϰڵİȫֻԺ֮СԺӷǳĴİٶˣһ㶼Եӵ
ַ硢Īơ˻켣ֻȺ֮С淽ʿģվһվֻߵĵһͷףԼѮ£һһ˫ɨŶˣĿ֮£˶оһƬĸо³ϵĴӡ
мˣ޳òԼʮ£˫Ŀ񣬵Ŀ֮дһλߵѹ֣ȫɢһʶµİµӡ
ұߵˣǿĵۣһֽȵĻȫһʼչŵ΢Цǳĺг˾Ŀӣ˵ĸо崺һůǳȻǳվֻӦþֻبʹֻµŵӡ˾ͽ赡
Īƿ˺󣬵Сַ磬Ҿôϲʺϵѡ
ַĪƵļҡҡͷ²ܿ棬Ҳ룬ЩԪڵĸɢƣЩ˵Ϊܿĳģһˣֻдǻ𣿡
ĪƵ˵ͷ˼ĵǻˣҿ϶˵Ǻˣ
ַЦͶˣǧòЭģԺš
û˵һֱȴ۲ĪƣĪһ߰Դôַ˵ĻôôͬأԣĪֻĳһѾַ磡һǳΣյźţ
˶֮ߵĴˣȣǻӭλ䵱Σҽһλ·ߵλֱ峤λ·ĿǰʽԣĻҾͲ˵ˣŴжԼķ򶼺ףԣҪһվվ˶λá
Ļ䣬İѾֳ֣վֻϵĶ档
峤϶࣬ﵽ˶ٶˣǴߣһٶˣųֻɢɢʮˡ
峤֮󣬴Цţʦ֣ʦܣǿˣÿյĵӣҵ࣬
ϵȻһЦʦܵĹֻŴ֮һ˶ҲȻǱھڶ࣬ҵ˱׼Ϊ׼ߵȻ٣ǶһЩ֮ʦܱضףЩĲãǻǿԭµġ
ų˾ͽֻǵĵʦ䵱ܼʦֹ䵱ܼСʦûҲûֻܾĩˡ
˵ĶԻϿޱȣʵϸǰ룬໥żǾųϣ˴޴ĸñӣΪ
ų˾ͽʱԶ˵Ҷ֪䵱յӼϸȻѾõ˳ϿɣǻûͨĲԣֻͨԵˣΪ䵱ڸӡ
峤ˣǵĲݷǳļ򵥣ڣ
һһǾƵģַоʲôԾ˵
ϴ˵ȼԵĴòˮÿһ˵ļȻЩȫ࣬µһ࣬㵽߲һ߲࣬Ųһࡣ
ðҵļ𶼲Գˣ֮أǻȼĵӸ԰һأµڴ㵽߲ĵȸ߲ϵǸ
еĵӶˣص㲻·𣿲䵱һ£ôõĴежһоɴǺð
Ұϼ䵱µӵǷǳĹĵģǻͶҩҲָҵҿ԰䵱Լļҡ
˽ЩӴǵءַĪƺͺȻǸ
ò˵Ǹȷһǳõɽˮ㣬ҪɽҪŨһЩ
ļ䵱ҩ߷ãһϺõѡ⣬ãҸ㻻䵱ûκεԹԡҾ˵ģϸľָӵΪʳκ⣡ǺӪߵ̱⣬϶ĵһһ
ЩǶԼãֱȼﻹůϼֱԼĸĸͰס
ЩǴ඼ǴСɵŮ߽ܳӣҲЩˣܶ˸ʱ˳Կ׼ڿԿడʲôѵģÿ춼ҩÿ춼ָð
κͨѶ綼ǱεģҲǲɽģǶ׷д˼飬ԼĸĸˣѱƽҫԼɰ
ҹǳ
ַͺĪһС顣
ַĪƣûо⡣


129 ɱ
Īƶͷ
ûеڱ£εڱǸˣôȴǵľǾһɱαװ֮ʱһõĹַ
ĪƳûзԺ˵ЩɣԵӵҪǳĿ̣ЩӣϾûôȥԣ͸ҩϺõȥⲻǺ˼ҩⶫҳ𣿳ҩ죬ǲٺõҩﶼиãЩóڻʱûʲôӰ죬ʱһͻ²޷Ĳ
ַ̾˹ȻһˣַóһŵҩҩĳɷѾˣȷͨ磬ĵҩȴһˏݣˏǼǱһҩԶʱڽǱ˹죬еĵӶԼĹ˷ܲѣм˼궼޷ͻƵƿڶ̶̵ļͻˡʼʱЩ˶ỳϱģڣϸж£Щ˶֪ںԼ
޹أһҩûгԣҵҩȫˡ
ĪƵҲǣ˳ˣǸ˸ҶģҰݰӡ
Ŷҳˡַ絭ĵ
ɶˣĪƳԾĿַ硣
ǰַ絭Цˣȫйˣٺ١

һºܿȥԪڵ׻Ƶ۹һͳĹңһͨ˶ԪֽգֻǼ򵥵Ĺһ£ڣĽպƽһûʲôر
һ֮ڣڵӵĹҩİ֮ͻͽҶ֪ǵռԣ
һ಻ĸɽ룬ɽƣΣ£ʯ쳣һִȻΰţֻɽһƬװĻѩңܾ̣޾Ѽ
ϴİһ·ɱЩ˵ɽߣƽһɡһʱ֮һվϿȡ
ϿȱĴɽϿ֮뵣ԽߣԿƬ滨ݣСϪɫֻŨ֮дŻݵķҷĿ
Խ˰ͷΧԽԽֲܼܸﳣֻرïʢʵһϺõҩģǺĺöûκժɹ÷ǳɻ
ģŨζЩ̱ǣ֮пʼһ𡣴ӵֹͣ˽ŲĿ⿴Զ߸ߴʮɵͱڡ
λ˵ֻҪԵĳڣɾʦΪ˵һ²ԵĹ򡣡
˾ͽǰһװģɤӣɱȣŴҲˣоˣǳŨֻﳣΪֻʱھܴҾͼ򵥵˵һ½ĲԹ򡣡
ǳļ򵥣Ǵϵ˸ԻսȻս֮вֻҪֻս֮лǰʮˣ³Ϊ䵱ʽӣҲ˵ÿһӪ˻ǰʮģܳΪ䵱ӣ˶ᱻ̭ڻս֮ȡùھˣܳΪ˵ҵӡ
սɱˣ߶ЩˡսĻǲܵģΪ˼䵱һ˲ǷѾ˼ǧĸģܶ˶ЩС壬СǲģߵʱǺεȷ⣡ֻ䵱Ȼȥ׳أôʧȥأ
ϵһٶˣ峤ϵĶٶ࣬ųֻʮˡҲ˵峤ߵ࣬Ҳѹ󣡴ΣųߵѹС
ų˾ͽڶ˶٣ʲô飬
顣ʱһԼʮǿ˳ϣȻǵıǻսڻս֮ˣ˵ĻôҵӲȥͲƽҵĽ볤ǿǿǡ
ͬλֵսǶߵһΪǿֱӵĥĥҲܷӳǵǿսֻиණ˸Ǳⲻ˵ġʹһУܵôЩµأ϶ˡηηβĴӰÿһ˵ķӡ
ͬ⣡
Ҳͬ⡭
˶ͬˣϺÿ˵϶¶Ϊ֮ɫ
ʱǶĺߣҴ඼֮Ҳ֮еţ䵱ĻʱǵļҪˣ޷ԣʱס
ϣҿǩһ״
Ҳԣ
ҲǩĻˣǼҲΪ䵱

ַСβ¶ˣЩ˻ǰ̵ȥ
þûгˣҵĽҲįˡ
ĪааЦţİٶˣС˼
һʱ䣬ЩΪȽϸߵ˶ߺȻЩ˶ΪԼЩΪȽϵ͵ЩΪˡﻢ£ǩһأ϶ûУЩ뷴ԣҲһֻᣬûгǩȴһ˸ǹһˡ
ų˾ͽʱðɣȻҪǩ״ɼʮ㣬Ȼ˵һսȷĥԼԺΪð취ȻǾôǩ״ɣ
˾ͽ˵꣬һɫļˮ״ȫֻˮ棬Ȼߴ˹ȥüˮǩ״ǳļ򵥺ͷ㣬٣ֻҪǸ˰ԼϢ뼴ɡЩǩ״ĸӻԾȲǩϡЩԥ߲ǩҲӲͷƤǩ
ȻİٶˣֻʮʣµĶµˣֻս֮УֻҪӵĺãÿ˶лΪǰʮ
ַ硢ĪƺͺȻҲǩˣ˶ûаⳡԷϣַܾʲôԾһʱ벻
ʱ˳е˶Ѿ׼ϣǰʮ״һƬյأǴұԵĳأбѡ볡
ٵ򳡵ﱼܶȥȻ˵ǿյأܵɽ֣ռһõĵΣֻս֮Ȼкܴİ
˱ܣַ硢ĪƺͺԶԶĸֻ棬š
ı϶ıĪͻȻðôһ仰
ԼãַҲоԣæʵ
ĪƵ˵صʻţɽ羰˵ĸоļ紺һ㣬ûиоǳأôãҸûзһϵ϶ûз֣ѵǲ𣿡
ʲôֵģԣȻأҲǳŨЩ֮߳С޷ֵĸʴһͨûˣ
ɷǳǣǿȫںĪԵϰߣֻҪĪ˵һ仰϶ᷢԣͬ˵ĻĪë
Ī۾һɣ㣡
ַʱҲоԣһ֪ˡ
˽볡֮󣬱ɢеӪңһӪ˶ӶԷΪˣϾϣÿ϶ʮԣԼӪɱԼӪˣֻҪʣʮôͿֹͣԣ
ܿ죬ÿӪ֮УЩǿǣǳĬվһ𣬶Щ֮µˣۼһףҪӮͱɱЩ֣
峤ˣȻ˶ֻ࣬ʮ֣ʣµĶ£Ҳʮ֣ų˾ͽȻֻʮ߸ˣִʮַ硢Īƺͺ˶ֻΪ֮µӪ֮С
Կʼ
ŴϵĻ䣬ЩȲɱ֮µߡ
սһʱɱ𣬺죬ּܣҵĹ˶֣һһֵӪ֮˹ȥÿ˵ֻһǾɱɱ֣
һƬң峤߶ٶֻΧʮ֣ʮսǳǿͬʱٶ˵İΧҲǳĳ
ߵս峤Щƣ峤ߵսȴࡣ
ųߣ˫һֻԳţûһ˶֡
ΪһָҪһסˣæһȲҪ֣ɱ󣡡


130 ɱ
ɱ
ַһֱֻǸ󷨣ǽԼ֮иû󷨣Ϊ鴫ַ֪ʶһЩ߲ε֪ʶοַ粢ûʱȥо󷨣ԣһʼҲûϳֻǳڻɵ״̬
ңԼϳԼڵݸ䵱㱨֮ʱֻ߲㣬ԣһûеΪ˵ĻûʲôŶȵģһǿվ˵⻰ȻҶûж֡
˵Ļ䣬ԶһѪζͻȻ֮˵ɫһ䣬һѪɱ˲ÿ˵еһʱѪͣɫ죬·ǰһﶼɵĵˣ
ɱ
ֻҪɱͷųԼ꣡ҪǰһУκ˶赲סǰĽŲ
˻ס񣡱̨ǧ򲻿ɱ⣡һƣ֮أִš
û˻ֵĻɱֻҪѪΪȻҪƽ󷨣Ҫ㹻Ѫȥ࣡һ󷨿֮е˾ͻֻɱ¾ͻ
Ȼ˴ңԶӪѾɱһѪܵɱɱ֮еˣǲ壬Ȼǲ壬ÿеĶƽʱ죡ʹĹƽʱǿɱ֮󼤷ÿ˵ǱּһֶѭֻҪǸ˵Ǳϣôȴ˵ֻһ;
ԶӪЩĿһѪһ㣬ÿһһʽ֮£м˱ɼΣѪɣӿֲǣЩɽѪֻһ˲ʧһƬѪɫĹֻ֮УЩضʬ壬ڼӵʱ֮ڱһ߸ʬ֮绯С
һĻֻɱ˶ûпǣַߵˣ˶һĻ
ԽԽʧɱѪɫռ·һ˼ַߵ˶ĿתԼ̨ɱ¾֮ʴ
ߵʮ߸˹涼ţʮѾȥˣȻûһ˷裡
ַľǳǿַֻǱĿһ֮ͻ˫ۣӪ໥ɱɱ⣬ޱĿһĻǵĿ֮дһЩϲһЩ䡣
ģһ壡ַѾ֪ɱԭɱǸݱԭǳĴȫɱ¾ɣҪһǾȷţҵ۵λãǿһٻƣߣһַǳİ취Ȼ˵ɱתҪѪҺɱ¾֮ѪҺɱ¾֮ǿȺɱתܺͣôȻᱻűƣ
ȻЩ˵ȥɱȻЩȫҲɱ
ô·յĵӣ¶ڱԣȫǸӣ
˿ַ̣뵽ЩֻҪͷԵ˶뵽ص⣡
ӪսѾӽβ˽˶֮󣬾Ŵ󵶣ɺ˫۱ĴѰĿ꣬Ȼַڵķ򼲳۶
ɱԽԽأַߵ˶ֻ֧ţȫĹ;˱̨֮ϣ˶ͷǺȫʶЩ㱣ЩΪͺ;ѾЩʣʱпܱɱ¾֮ʴ
ɱ
˷һ˾ͿΪûеߺ˴˫տʼսԱߵ΢һģа壬˫ֻ˲ĳ죬еԱߵ˿˹ȥ
սһȼ˵һ㣬Ѿһʰ
Īƣ˲Ҫַ缱æˡ
İɣû£ܺԼͺˣôΪѵ𣿲е˿²˰ɡЩмĵ
Դʶַûм۾ַ綼㲻۾磬ǻʲô˼ȻֶӵĻ֮Уıַǳ侲ǲ۾ĺôɡ
ĪƴҪΪļҴķΪǺҴʱͿʼôɱκβң
Ī˵ɣַ緢ĪӦķǳĳ뺮ôȻַ۲ĪӦû⡣
ЦðڿʼɱôͱԱ˭ɱĶ࣬˭ˣǸԶһۣô
ĪһãȾͱȣ˭˭
ַ缱æֹ˵ı˼ʲôģҪȣǱȵһģУˣҿ϶ҪμӱԣҾԼ̫СˣûȤģ
Ī˶סˣԶһۻݣҪģ
ôѵô㵨ûҶ£ʲô
ȾͱȣĪƳô󣬻֪ʲôǸ֣
ĵһұһɱ֣һô
ַ֪˻ӦΪ֮䱾ûʲôޣֻ໥ѣԼԶһ۵Ļ˵ʱһչɲݵУκ˶ûкô
Īƶַַ磬˵ʲôԼӽˣ
ʲãַ磬ǸȥҶһüͷ
ַıЩׯµĵ˵ĸӮǸϴڿ㡭

ʲô
Ī˶ʱȻͷߣ̨أаˡ
ַ밡Զһ۵ĻʲôѵģǶߣܿ͸Զһʲôѵģ˭ңϴڿͲͬˣҸұ֤ȥԸȥϴڿɣ룬ŶֵԷϴڿ㣬Ƕôˬһ¡
Īƶʱ۷Ź⣬ţźԼϴΣʱһڿŪģҵϴĪƶ̲סҪЦˡ
ҲͬţһףֻԼǰ̧ͷôԺʲôң
ãĻ̥һڴӦ
ַ˵ˣҲμӣڱԿʼ
ַ˵꣬ӰһϺ峤Ƿսɱȥ
ӪѾսֻһİˣѾʣһٶˣһٶˣѾ˲ٵɱ¾֮Щ˵սѾ˺üΣ
ַ翴Щ˵Ѿûǰɺ죬һƬĿնڶһ㣬嶼һܣһɱ¾
ͳߵˣҲͼսţսֻһ𣬴ʱĸţַ֮⣬Ǹղʶɱ꺺ӡ
ַһ˹ȥĪƺͺ˲ʾһսͳȥ
̰ǹ£
ַ׾һȥǴУȻַɲΪϴڿ㣡
֮߸˱߶Σ˲ʧ
ĪƲһַǳĲζֻս֮Уַ翴ĳĪƵսС˲٣ҪȥӦɱ¾֮ȻˣĪƵĽԵɱ֮䣬ЩѾ־ֻܵȴ׵ķݣ
һᣬÿÿʽ֮䶼һ˱Ϣɱɱ˵ʱǳĿ죬ҲǳַĹ󿪴ϣѪɣɱ˵ʱעصϸڣԲ˷ԼһһҪеĶ̽ĶҪֻ˵ĲһĨ˾ͻϢĵĽ¡
ߡˡš
ġ塭
˶Ǳɱˣŵµʬ塣Ϊ˻ʧ϶Ҫ֪Լɱˣ
˵ķɱ¾Щɱ¾ͻȻֹͣ˱˴֮սһεƺָһ㣬˵Ŀַˣ
ַ˱ǴˮģȻЩ˵ս˼Σǻսǲֵҵ໥ɱǴ˿̣˶ое˵Ŀ궼Լˣ
ַ˶Լսǳģɱ걻ɱ֮Ӱ죬ôͻɺǰЩһΪսܣ
ôҲǳĳЩ˶ʧȥǣսɱӣЩַֻ֪֪Ҳô׵ɱЩˣȻˣĪǱѾĲѾˣ
ӹһٶѾһ룬ʣµЩ˵սȥЩ˿ԱģַоЩ˵սȫһΣȫԺֱ⣡
ռĺɫŨ˼֣˵߶ܵӰ졣һɱַĵð˳ַҲܵһӰ졣
ַһĪƣ˱Щ˺ѶԸ


131 
˶̽һɱһ˵ãҲĪƺֻ£ԳԼı£ĪˣһΪģ
Īͨ죬ȻѾܵɱ¾ϢӰ죬Ϊ𣿸ֻҵĺȣİɣһϴڿأ
ַ簵һţڶʲôʱˣ
սǳĳÿɱһˣ϶ٵİһ£ַ֪ȥûеɱˣ˶ܵɱ֮Ӱ죬߻ħ
ַԽԽѣЩһ㣬ֻǺ޹˼ɵĹУֻҪ֫ȱϱ߰˸ǰ壡·Ǹоκεʹ࣡
Ϊ侲ƺѽѾĳ˷أվֻԭأ˫Ŀգûһܽ׷Χ֮ڣֻҪֵĹ׷Χԥĳ֣һ
ַҲǿӦǲǽԣڻս֮ҲкֻܶôΧ֮£ַ粻ֻͣʹ̰ǹ£Žһһĵ˻ˡ
ĪߣǳǱѪѾȾŬı̨֮ڵһ˿еʽ˿ǿĹÿһγм˵ڵϡ
ʮĪΧ˹ȥĪƵ۾֮нĳһ˿ɺ֮ɫͷ֮ϵĿ𽥵ıɰɫаǰףĪһӵȺ֮гȥһ֮£ϣĪƵĸҲһѪĪƺȫ֪ʹһ㣬ɱȺ
Īƣ㣡ѾĪߵ״̬һתƷ򣬳ذΧĪƵķȥ
ַҲоĪƵ״̬߰˵˻֮һԾĪƵߡ
ַͺ֣Ƭ֮ɱ˵ˣסֻƴֿɱ֮Īƣæַַ磬ȶţչĪƣ
ĪѾʼģһ˦֣ŭҲҪİ
ĪƣΪһûд㣬ôô˵ûţߺߣҴ㣬Ӯ֮ĶԼʱ㰮ȥȥƨ£Ǵ˿㲻Ӳ
ĪŭҲҪʩᣡ
ЦĪƣ컻ˣͬĻң𣿴СǶ֣˽һʲôˣҲһ˽ҵΪˣǶԴܶԷΪĿ꣡Ŀʧˣ˵ˣûԼĿ꣬˵鷢𣿡
ĪƴЦûҪɱ㺮ǱȴҵʬϲȹȥΪĶң
ⲻͶˣ㻹ûиϴڿأôأ
˵ţְסĪƵ飬ſ꣡ҽɱ֮
Ҫ֪ҪԼȫһˣôҪɱԼֻһͷ֮£Īû˿ԥԼ꣡Ī֪ɱԼҪɱԼҲҪĽǶԶԷ˽⣬ҲǶԶֵغΣ
ûַΪ˱ĪˣܵУȫȻ֮ˣֻ˵Χ֮»ҪչĪƺͺѾǽ֧ȥַ粻ұ֤Լܳȥ
ַ籾ڤ󷨣ǽֹ
ɱɱ֮˵ԹɣЩЩԹ߻ħ
ĪҲǰΣַÿÿʽǷ̰ǹʹãЩһδεıˣֻǱ˶ѣ
ַΪĪȡ㹻ʱ䡣Īڵɱ¾֮ڱѹȥĪƶʱȣ
ɱ
˺ĪƵļ룬ǿսЩʧȥĿܷ׷׵ءʱڣ˺Ľеɱһɶ
Сʱʱ䣬ɱ֮Уַֻ磬Īƺͺˡ
ѪȷɱȻռһƬַ˶³һ嶼ѵĸо뷽ŵɱ֣˺Ĭһ֮Ļ˶ɥ
һлָƽ֮Īʱת򺮱£Ƿһ飡ģһỹģһԺһ죬һ㣡
գգ۾û˵
ַ̾һԼϴڿƻҪˡ
Ҫ˳֮ʱгַԺ֮ڣѾ׼ˣҺɱɱ¾֮һˣҪȻʧôõĻᣡ
ַһæʲô᣿
ɣЩɱɸɾ
ַ飬ЩɱһɱҸսʱ򣬶ɱһϤĸоڣЩɱǳķкЩɱʺң
鲻ĵΪ̫ˣЩɱѹסˣок񣡿ҺϲɼܻղЩɱģ֮
ַ̲סʵʲôʱлˣ


õһڽʱӵɽȻֻѧƤëΪԼģҽ̸ģֻһЩʵĽҩݣһɱʲôģȵʲôʱˣϾ˰ɡ
ַ糹׵ˡ
ôˣҲм𻮷ֵģ뵱ҵңеNˣʲôþȵģ
ַĵţƣ
֮ƣҽ취ɱҿʼɱʱԼˡ
ַתԺĪƶ˵ɱǶٴ˾޶Կɱ¾֮
ʲôȻΪԼˡ
û鿪Ц˵ɱ
Ī˶ͨˣȻַô˵϶һİա
ĪЩĵĿַ֣ɱòȥ󷨣ɱԽԽأаֻ֮
ַش𣬺ŵô˵οҲУȻ֡
ĪƱ뷴𺮱žԼ
ĪȻʶַ粻ã˶ףַĪư֮£
ַлֵĺ⣬Ϊһɱ֣ȱٵɱֶӵĻ֮°빦
˵꣬Īɱ뾲ַƻһʯϵ֮ҲͺĪһ״̬
ַ磬һҪĳӵޣһᰵбˣڵܲסʱһɵеɱ
ųϣˣǵˣҪҪ˵ţǵļ̲סţ
ܴɱˣƽӹ֮Ϻ峤϶ٺޱȣҲ벻ףΪÿδɱ˶Ǿųߵˣ
ų˾ͽ赵ЦȻҪֿܵסɱɱôɫˣôأ
˵ɱɱգһ֮ɱͻȻһҵĶЩʧɱʱǵصϯʱռһƬȺ֮ɫ
ԣųϿſҪڳŵɱͻȻּٵת
ɱˣϺ峤ͬʱŵĿȺ֮ɫ
ųϾһ麹ɱ֮УֻҪ̨ɱ¾֮Ӱ죬˺ˣɱ¾Ѿ󷨱Ȼţô
ͻȻָ֮һӰ㿴ʲô
峤Ϻ;ųѾɱ֮УһɫӰӶе֮ɢһɴɫһԶɱۡ޴ʯͷ֮ǵصĸ˹ȥ
һսţ޴ʯͷĹѣ·ÿʯ֮аޱǿƴţҪǵļ
һɹۿɼʵԵɺɫɱʯͷ϶˳һͻһԼţʯķҲ֧Ųסǿĳһ˿
ʯϿ֮ǧ꣬ڵŨȫʯγɱ֮ΣϿ֮ڳʯѣɢϿ֮ڵĻľһ˲֮ʧȥɫһЩΪĲҩֻ˲ήɣΪС
ɢ֮޾ɱ
ʯǿʵԵɱ֮£֮ڱһƬƬɽ£ɢ
޾ɱӿĺһܼٵɢ̶̵ʮڣϿȱ޾ɱڸǣϿȷ·˼
ųϴ󾪣ɱˣ
Ͼһ亹ûκεķʩɽȶᱻɱɱ٣
̵ģСʲôǵļƻɱƣôڻƣ峤̲ס
ɱӵ⣬Ǳͻˣ


132 ɱ
ȫʧȥ˳Ӧеķ緶ľʧ롣˿ɱɱȫ𷽲Żսʱɱ֪Ũ˶ٱ
һƬȺ죬κεӴɱͻᱻɱȾɽڵֲСﶼ˻Ѫ죡ɱˮӣ֮һо٣Ͳǳ˿Եġ
Ӱȥ½ɱĹΧôŨѪɱ˵Ϊֵܹġ
ףô£Ƭ̣ӳϿ֮⣬ͻȻɱɱһķΧֹͣɢһεЩɱһ㣡ֻҪϿȵɱͻᱻɣ
㿴ˣ˳žųϵĿ⣬Կַɱϥ˶ǳİȫ״̬·Իһеɱ˵˿ûӰ졣
ĿƬ̣֮ù죬ɱƣ֮ڶյɱǵΪҲֵסȴһ㣬Ȼڴ˵˷ѽ⡣
峤ϴѵûпǱǸµСƵģǹģõģ
ַ磬кĪơųƲһ峤ϣæ
֮ƣֻܾ䣬ɱ磬ֻǸǿ߰æ
峤ϵɱ磬ܵʱʧأǸܳе𣿻Ϊɱ󷨣ôߣЩ鴫ȥǸŹ𣿡
ʲôϵһжӸǳţֻҪɱ澭ٴֵõġʱӴȨգǸ䵱ǵƿ֮¡Щߣйϵ䵱˭֪Ϊ֮λһڲģЩ˶ںģûаϵ
ųϵ˵ûǼ㣬֮ɱſƣɱƣǴõϲ𣿡
峤ϲΪȻĵϲ£ɱ©ʱϲ»ɥµģ磬ǵøϿ֪ͨӡ
ųЦ磬˿ӹһʱʱüҲ֮ߣ˽ɱ澭õ֣ӣһάˣպͳһ䵱֮˵ĵλҲࡣοĿǰϵҪѹһͷڴ´󹦣ԺҲҴѹǣӹõɱ澭ȻҲνǣǲǣο㿴ɱ֮еˣµ𣿺ԣ֪ɱķţȻ֪ƽɱ֮뵽ʱһжƽ˾ģԣĿǰֻҪĵȴһɱɱɱ澭һ¡
ϵ˵ͷǾŵ˼ܡΪ˱ȫǵʵΪ˸ʦʦֵǱֻ̣
ϵĻ䣬峤Ϻ;ųɫһȻ
峤ụ̵̆ʲôʱѾΧڸƾǵʵôȥԸǽɱ澭ȥɱ澭ʱҲĶ֣䵱ǳ£
֪˶֪ųϵӿ䵱ѳɶ֣Ǹô׺ġѵΪŲ֪ӵҰӱΪ岻ӣ£һжǼֻΪԼƣˣһˣзչѾǸ󣬵ȵʱ죬һһ˳ĽڣԸţʱŲ֪˶վߵģΪ⣡֪Լأû㹻֤ȥԸӣֻܾ䣡˵һǵ

ַɱ֮Ī˵ȷתȫĹȥԿΧɱʱ޿̵ıˣֻҪ΢Ųסʱ򣬽ͻὫΧɱɡ
˿̵ַ磬ȫ鱣ڸŽɱתѧϰɱ
˶޾ɱʴţÿɱҪ˵ĵ֮ʱͻԥĳ֣˴Ե˻һδεĳ˵ľɱڷǿ
ȳŲסĪƣĪԵǻʮ˴֮ĪƵľ󼸷ֵʱڳܲס˹ȥ鼱æĪߵɱճһյشȫĪƴһȫĿռ
˾ȵףͷ͵ֱӰæΪĪƻָ֮нӴĪƵꡣ
̲ס鼫ȵ˷ܺͼַ߻ħ
ʲô뺦Ұַ
ûʲôֻǾĪһˣԺĵ֡
Ϊһɱ֣ȻΪĪƲ£ǶɱɱȻҪĪǿһ㣬ĪÿʱǱʶһ˿ĻҺͶȫûУںһĮȻǳĮ̬ȣ˵ֻһ΢飡
Ѿȫ͸ý鶼Щ⣡ɳȥһԳΪһǿߣ
Եǻ˶ʮߴΣ֮󣬾ȫþҲΧɱǺûĪһʣ쳣ѵ֧Լ壬ȫһǿӲ־Լ£
ĿĶ߲Զַ磬ȻͫķŴ֮Ҳ˿Ի󣬲⣬ȻǾȣţһֱľ֣
ַ翪ʼǶԿſֲɱȻ󽥽Χɱɱɱͬһ㣬ȫ˵ɱɱǧԹɣֲɱһ˽Ӵͻʧȥԣɱ˿ܣַ羹ȻЩɱǲʲô
Ϊһɱ֣Ҵط֮һɱĹӰնֵɱЩɱǶɱ֮ʱһȻƣչûжӰ죬Ϊãɱɱһ˿һգֻܶԿɱɱɱɱĥԼ־Ͷɱ
ַգȫգ׵գ
ַɫƽɢһϲõϢʲôõһ㡣
ַѧϰɱͬʱЩɱתַڣַ缱æתСЩй·ߣ³һ⡣
ڰСʱַ֮ŽеɱյһɶɱʧͬʱϿеʧһŵľѾήҶ޵ĻݻΪһĸɲݣ죬ط·ʧȥɫϿȱһȡ


133 ɱ
ˣַ磬ˡЩ֮󣬾Ϳͻˡ
ַȫ֮УʱͻȻһɱ籩һַڣЩɱûתֱӳַľ
ҲݣЩɱôͻȻô̲꣡ס
תһ˿ɱ֮ʱͻȻɱһ㶼ͣԼָӣֱӺͽͻֻоԼʶһػһ£һ»
ַ飬ûʱȥˡɱַ壬ַڵһʱ伱æԼľգɱԼ
ʱסַ֮飬쵰ڸʲô뺦𣿡
ЩĵѾЩɱͻȻһСʶɱЩɱ뽫ɣһʧأûмʱתҸ㣬Щɱɾˣкôˣˣ޷ɱˣҳ˯ˡ
飿飿ַĵŭš
ַչӣԼһɱûйɵĳԼľɱԼڵ׳Լ
ַԸоɱ˷ܵ˷ܵıŰԹԹʡַףɱǽ˵ʶɱ
ַ缱ٵתɱ⣬ǵַ糨ԼյĽһɲǣɱһֱǰĳַ
ַһ֮£ʧأһѪӿ˳߻ħ
ַ磬ôˣѹĪƺͺַ״һ
Ҫڶȹѹء
ãַֻǱɱײһ£¾ɢһЩַ缱æ˹ɱ˿ַ繦ֱӳַꡣ
ãַаУһ־дַĵȻԼ𣬲Ҳɰ׳գ
ַԼջصַĶͷһɫͼһһϢַϱ
ɱ嵽ַʱͻȻʲôµ飬ţһԱһ
֮ȫѹɱ
ַ̽ɱɱʲôַ粻˼
ͻȻɱ֮пʼѣƬȻΧַĹתַһַûиоʲôʣЩƬɱַڵںϡЩеƬںʱڵͻȻѪɫӿһַľ
ַоһӵԼľôܵ£
ַľͱˣҪȻôһ£ַͱˡ
ַľĳ¿ʼַͣܵʹ࣬Ǵ˿̣̣̲ͻ߻ħ
ʮ澭ڳζ֮ʱַܲסֳ޷ܵʹࡣַоǧѵͬʱԼѨ֮ϣַʣͬʱѪĳ嶯ʶģǲΣιȥֻ·һ
˿̣ԱߵĺĪ˿ַȫðźɫţȫһƬѪ죬һѪɱĪƺͺ̲ס
󾪣Ҫ߻ħˣ
ĪƴУô죡ô
ŭҲ֪յɱƲˣҲûа취ֻԼȥΪȥ·һ
̾һĪƣΪɡ
˿̣ģҲֻΪַ
ʱϷߵҲ˹ǿַҲ޲ߡ
ַʶҪģһɲǣһ徻ַַһ飬ʱоԼĴ֮һƬ徻ϵʹһӼࡣ
飡Ǿ
壡ַתȫζ
ˮһڳ˵̰ӣ˴󽭡

ַɽһҫһɹɺɫԲι⻷ַͷ£ɢ
ͻˣĪЩ˷ܵĽе
һַϳ֣ѪɫѾĵ


ַһͻĲ㣬ӴûֹͣÿεͻƣѪɫûм٣Ƿѣǣ
ַͻƣȴɲôӴԽԽǿַĿַ֫ٺȥ
ַоԼͣһһԽԽ󡭡
군ˣַ֪Լ߻ħǱ
һĪƺͺ˸оַϢͻȻ䱩ǵһ޷Ħĸ߶ȣɽȶᱻΪƽأ
Զ˿ַ˿̵ΣҲΪֻ޵Ŀ־壡
ַƴѹƣû˿ã
ַҪʱַѪ֮бһصĺɫЩСǰһ⾳֮󣬲ûȥѹַһӴǼ߷ЩЩӵĿ񱩺ͣ
ݣ
ħֵʱַΪԼоˣоǳϤҺһְĺƽڸַ磬İɣû£ǽûаַѹڵǰЩ
ַҪһ˲䣬ַеͻȻ˾ַ͵ϸַȫë֮б˳⣡
ַ͵һйһ㣬һӻָԭ״

һӴѪɫΧַַ嶼ѪɫַΪʮ׷ԲȫһƬѪɫš
ַоȫһ̹һɹɵɱַĵױ
ַоΧɢӴԼ϶ΪһԼһһ㣡
ˣǳľϲҲǳ
ַݼ֪Ϊ˻ʼϣľˮԺһԼѵԼھ򣿣
ַһϲ֪ӵԼüΣ
ˣȽϸӣҵˣӵճӵɱͨŶЩԶˣȸԼְɡ
ȻɱɱɣǾͽɱɣ
ɱ򣿺֡ˣҽķţѧãǳļ򵥡
ַĬŽ齻ԼķţַַӴƽȵıַΧ
ַڻָ˱ɫڵҲָ
ַ͵۾һо̹
˿ַ̣籣֤һԪַ֣ȫɱ
ַ翴ǰĸʱĸŵĴģ翴һ㿴Լ
ôˣַ粻ʺ
ֽе˵ôˣһͻĲ㣡Ĳ㰡ң㾹Ȼӵ򣡡
̩ɽǰ治ɫĺ˿ŵĹֽлǵһΣɼǶô𾪣
ַﲻ˵ĵһֱôͻƵİǵдκҲһͻ˺ü㣬ʲôֵģһ˵ҵٶѾţˡ
Եţˣʲô
ַĿ⿴ϡ
ַĿ⵭ɨϣһЦϺֶΡΪ˽⿪ɱɷ˼ҵ
ϽĴ֮лԾĿַ硣
ַСѣɱƣеɱգ
ǡ
˾ͽڵС⹦ϷûмղżСֻ쾳磬ʱСѵѾԽԪ磬ﵽ˴ɾ磬СѣǺι
ѵλ𣿣
һãȻ֪
ַƣô᲻֪Ϊʲô֪


134 ɱɾż
Īһֱһ𾪣ڵռǲܳģǸҲ֮١һ£Ҫʼ߸ߵļкһû뵽ַ羹Ȼǧŵһţ
ƲĪһۣĪƲ֪Լ֮ʧˡ
򣿿ռ䣿ַ綼һãûٳȥ
СѺֶΡ
ַЦҵֶٺãҲȲλϰɣλյΪЩȫƭ˹Ϊƽɱ󣡡
ĪƽӿڵûЩӷǳõȻԼظˣǵǴ󷽣ٸҩٹصҩֻҪӿڣǶԥĸӳԣôõʦٸǳůʽչˣְֵĽѧôõʦλѾǵʳĸλǶôĳߣΰ֪Ҫ
ǵļƻŵ̫ˣûһɵ㣬ΨȱЩӶһЩСӵܣǿʼǺܺãǼļȥǶ˵䵱ܺãǳĺáȻȫˣÿһӾͻ֪ͨһߵļ˵ǵĵϵĲʹˣ˵Ŀɶԣ
ַ˵Ī˵ص㣬۲΢ַжϣĪƵĹ۲Ҫһ֣
һһλϵɫһһס
ַ˵ǰɣ˵Ļ˵ɡ
˿̵ַ粢ûгȥַҪɱˣѣ
ĪƵҲ˼ȻҲǸˣ˵޹أǵңǲ˵·һ
Цһһ˭ɱĿ죡
ĪƵã˭˭Сܣ
ַȻԼҪɱԪֵĻûʲô⣬λأûе쾳磬ѵλһֱʵ𣿣ܣῴô
λֱˣ춼ߣһԪǰȻ˵ҪɱԪ֣˵˭ɱĿ죿ñվǰ˵һɱһ˭ɱĿ죡
ôЦλϿһ㶼òЦǲǱǸопܣͷǺ
λšų˾ͽ赼æҲвѵĿԡ
ϵΪɱΪҳһסɱ
磡ųǳżڹ˵ʵ
϶Ծųϵʦܣǻɣλͨˣܰǵæ
ǡ磬䵱ڲ£˵֪峤Ҳˡ
ųͻȻ뵽ʲôַһ¶ǰ䵱ӴıԵǸַ磿
ǣҡ
ųϹЦƽж칫ĸ᳤һλʦӵҵӣ
ַƲƲ죬ûҡĺϸ
ųϵû뵽ַǸַ磬һʣȻʶˡĲףΪλ䵱ΪʲôҸ㣬Լˡ
ַ粻⣬Լˣ
ûʦӣǵʦӣʦʦֵܣֵһֵܣǵʦʦݺģ˳𲻱ĲΪˣų˵󣬾ȻƲסԼ
ַ翴ϣһɱ˵Ϣϴ˹ַ˾ųϵĻΪָ飬޷αװģ
ðɣǣҲǣ䵱ĿģΪ˰µΪʦҲΪ˽⿪ʦ걻ݺ֮µࡣô˵Լˡ
ϵ˵طǳأ˵ǳķ㣬Ҿͽһжɡ
ġʦǸŵҵӡʮǰʦǶ½һĵһ֣Ҳ䵱Ǹϵľѡ֮һʱҲǳϺѡ֮һʦʱŶʮ꣬ȻᣬǹѾﵽ˴ɾ磻Ѿ٣䵱ã˵ľ֣Ƕ˻ʦӵġΪʱʦӶĴĸ֣ǽϣ֮ǵΨһһųˣ䵱˼͹ȦʱʦѹӡԸʦ޴֣һΣץס˰ѱ
ʱʦһλµŮˣˣȾκµҩֻ䵱ʥҩʥˮȫκáʦ֪ʥǵ䵱ʥҩһΣֻŲſԷáʦţǱžܾˣʦȥ͵͵ʥˮ֮ʦ֪ʧȥϵʸᱻͷһ١Ϊʦʱ䵱δʦܵ·ϣŶסˣջʥˮ
ַ֪ϿеǾԼ㣡
ʦŻȥ֮󣬷ֿʥˮʮ߸ȫˣʮ߸ˣһ̫ϳϣʦôͣʱٿĪ硣ʦѺ䵱ʦºʦ֮鼫񣬵ǵʱҲĪʦʦоȳʦһ֮£ʦʦţʦʱȥ̫ԭأʵʦʡʡٻʦĲ䵱ҪһΪһŮ˻ʦ͸ʦһҪ̫ԭأ̤̫ԭһžͻԶɱʦºϳ֮󣬶ζԸʦǶʧܶգʦʼṳ̫̂ԭһ
ǰǸűչأԴѶ֮Ӱв߻䵱ڣ䵱ٷ֮ʮ˶ѾˣǰҪʦƿɱɱǧǰɱɾǧǰһ䵱սɱɾͬھɱɾ֮ǰɱ󣬽ɱڴˡԹɱƣ˶֪һ취ƣǾǡѪʦ֪ҪɱҪ飬ֻдɱɱɱƣȻƣʦ϶ԸǣӾɶϡ峤϶ԸʦʦλʦֵܶˣͶŻ
˵ţһıߺͲʡ
֪ôʱۿҵʦǵʦֵܵǵǰҲʦֵһȥǲ֪ͶˣҪɱǵʦܲһʦʱסҵ֣˵ʦ֣㲻ҪţΪǱǵģûһһɱǵʦܣЩÿ춼Σÿ춼εʦһ̣һһĸԼҲҪţһһҲãҪ˵Ͳ˵ˣȥʦֵܵģֻҪǱ˳Ǿͻȥǵֵܣ
˵꣬ᡣ
ַףλϺǵʦǵʦֵ֮ĸǳĺáʬһһһŶΪ˱
ַԼ˱ԼɱԼֵܻˣԼõ𣿣ַ粻⣬Ϊַġ
ðɣҰ㡣ַλϿ϶Ĵ𰸡
Ȼȴ࣬Ϊ˸ʦʦֵַܱ
ַųȥеһ˲ʧعַüģ˿ַͷϵһƬѪ죬Ȼʧ
Īŭ죬ҲǣȻҲҵĵˣ׽ҵλʦ
ɶʦᱻ׽ʲôЦǸӶ򲻹ʦɡôλʦ
ҸϵĲ𣿣
䵱ϵģðɣȻôûԣҰɱҲã
˵Ŀ϶֮󣬸оһο
һֱûпڵ峤ϵλæһԱѩޣ
˶оĳλ궼ǳˣ˶һָоǰλæ϶Ա
ַѾɱ²˳٣ڹȥ
ϿҵһصɽС߽


135 磡
ǳĳʪܶǳٺһЩ֪Ļݡ֮ǶˮЩˮ֪궼ûлˣҰĹâЩâ㹻˿ǰһ
һ·֮ϣûʲôΣա֮һƬʣһʮ׷ԲĿռչǰ
Ƭռ䲢ʪ෴ǳĸĿһǳ¡
ƬյмڷһںĹײģ˹ײ֮⣬ܿһ
ײ֮ϲûκεĻҳǳɾ
СļܵĶڣûʲôΣգĿ˹ײġ
ַײǧ̴ľƣˮ֣ڵʬҲḯá
ϵִʦ
ųϵĪҪҵĶײ֮ڡ
峤ϵʮа˾š
˶Źײģûһǰ򿪹ײĸӡ
ַ翴˽ģҡͷѣȻ첽˹ȥ˹ײġ
ûκεĻأҲûκεİǹײǿյģʲôûУ
ô
һƭ֣
ôˣĽ𣿣
ȥӣɱˣʲôûУǶ
ϿĽѾĻ䡣
ַЦ֣ڹײĵֵطĵ˼£Ȼӹײ̳һƬ
˾ȵĿַ磬Īæô£
ַɱɾһ󷨸֣ɱ󶼲ĳȻԼĹײҲһСС󷨡ǲײĵĻ϶ɱɾУΪײʲôûСһССĻҶһ󷨵Ļҹòɱģ
ųϵζִʦˣû뵽ִʦ켼տҶҲЩоϷѡ
ãߣ
ַͻȻоʲôԾæ򶴿ȥ
˿ַ񶴿ȥҲæ˹ȥ
˸ߣײһӱըһɽ
ַƴܣǺܿ췢֣ڶмۣЩ۶棡ַܱ۲߶ڣƻЩۣ˶ڴˣ
ַΪۣ˶ԽԼ
ڶʮ׵ʱ˶Ѿܳ˶ڣַ绹档ʱɽȫ
Ҳǰɣҵٶô𣿣ģҲҡ
ַǽæ˶Լǰľʯƴĳȥ
λӵһͷ򶴿ڳ˹ȥ˱߳䷢ֱӴһʯﾾַ磬ַ˳
ַûʲôˣֻҳģǱ
ĪƵ˵ַ磬ôô
ַƲһ۵óɱһ̣ȴһƻ󷨣ƻۣȫˣ
˲ŻȻ
ʱ˵Ŀ⿴ַĽɫƬ
ַ羪̾ö˿סַ翴Ĺͼʱɱǽĵһʽ̰ǹ£ô
˿ҲʶĪˣַʲôʶƵġ
Ͽַ㵵ı飬ųϵִʦ⹦
ַ缱æҡͷûУֻǾ⽣Ǻý
˶ַָһ㡣ַ磬ǶʦҲ費ͣҷ˵Ʒǧ궼ûϳֵĽ˿ҲʶôĹһ۶ܿ
ַ磬ܿĪһѽק˹˰춼ûп
ÿ˶ˣǶһĪչ
ϵ⹦䵱Ӱӣʲô
ַװһѣ˿ǰֵԽǿôԼеĵλԽߣԺǾͺʹˡ
˵û׽ȷɱݻǰпףǵЩѶȣķǳѡ
ĪˣƲ͵⽣ֻУеУѵ㿴һͿˣ
ַ絭ĵɱôУȻͼ֮ûеУǵȷеУҾõӦǰкһ
УĪƵַ磬ţôģѵ㿴һͼѧ᣿
˶ŵĿַ磬ϣôĽϼ궼δѧᣡ
ַͻȻһתʱշĪƺͺĺûᡣ
ַһΡǶҵĻ˵ҿһͻᣬ˭Һģ
ĪƵãʲôҶ㣡
ͬʱͷ
һֱûڵĺȴš
ַһ§סǸǺãɣ֧ˡðɣĪƣڶ֮ǰȰǰĶԼˡ
ĪװͿĵʲôԼ
ǰģ˭ͻƾ磬㲻˰ɣ
ĪƵȻͻƵĿ죬ǻûķڷ㲻ȻͻƣǽɱɱҲ˵ǽͻƣⲻģǲǰ
ͷ
Ҳģİɣ
ַǺðɣϴεĶԼûй֤ˣΣô˿ţ˭˿ô
ĪƵãǾͶɣ˭ˣ˭СܣǺô㣿ô㣿
ַ˭Сº޹ء֮ġվһߵģӮ˵ĻǴ磬϶˵ĻĪϴ󣬺϶ôϣ˵ĻԺΨǴӣ˵ĻͶΨǴӣô
˶ʾûӮ϶϶ûˡ
ˡǱߵλʯ
ַǽ֣һǳɣַĿ֮¹Զʯ
ַĳķλһ򣬵â۾ƵתԹԼĿ꣡ʯʱ˷ĩ
ʯͷľ룬ÿʮϣÿʯͬһʱ仯˷ĩ˵Ļ϶ɱ
˾ȵſͣĪƣ
֮󣬴ϲŷӦ˹ˮسǳ⽣Ѿʧǧ꣬һΪѧϰء
ѧϰǲ֪ˡ
ųִ֣ʦţһʦʦĵˣ
峤ϵԸķ䣬ֵ˽ִʦΨǴӣ
Īƴ˰죬вĵ硭
ʮĶַ磡תͷĪƣж硣
ĪƲòŴб֣硭
˶ô꣬ںʤˣ̫ʹˣĪƱģڱЦ
ַ񿴹һźһקĸƵģŵıͶͷһؼ
ַȥݼӡ
̫͹ȫơ̫͹׳ƽ𶥡λ䵱ɽ߷塪Ķˡڷ幰ӵֱΪһ족䵱ɽʤ
̫͹֮ϣӱĿ񡣳֮⣬ˡڵˣϡ˻㱨ɱʱͲסе˷ܣɽһˣԼλȨأԹ֣̫͹˵ĵ
Ϻַ̤̫͹һ̣ӵ˫ĿˣĵһǿеĽС
ݼʦ塣Ҿǳ𾴡
ַ
ĪƼ
ֻǱԼ֡
ӴЦλ
֮¡
ʱ˫ŽӣϣͨЩŬɱҪɱ


136 ҩ
Ӵ򿪺ӣ˿ϸϸĿһὣûɱɾɱ
ӽкϷŵһߵұԤɱҪ֮ſƣû뵽ӻơǼĺܺãΪ䵱һ󹦣ҪĽλ
ɱƣĹַ磬ǺĪƣλǲ˳ɱԳҪͣҪĽλ
Ҳû뵽ַ䵱ȻˣӾͻἫ
ˬĵӢ۳ꡣַͺѾʶû뵽λĪĪ
ĪƵĵϸ
ĪƵӢ۲ʳ³ƶҲգַҵĴ磬ҵĶ磬ĪֻԸ缴ɣ
ĪƻشĲ˼ǣҸҴģӻġ
һӢ۲ʳãȻλ˴󹦣λʲôҪ󣬾ᡣϷһ㡣
ַ絭ĵһҪڸ󱱷˳ϡ
ӿַ磬ǺǵЦţôθڣȷǷǳƽ
ףԼ˭ϵĻжЩжȨֵܸãֻҪһ˳ѹˣֵ֮ĸͻָĤѺۣõİ취˶Ҫ
ַҪϣҲʹַԸ䵱ˣȻϲⳤְ֮ǲַģΪ´ȥ䵱ڸһϣδ̫Ϸˡ
ЩΪѵĵִʦһϵȷûʲô⡣ִʦ䵱ֱڸϵĻδԷڡ
鳤ϣִʦֶѾʶҴִʦִʦҪû
ӻȻԭֲϲĲҲԡ
ӵˣǴҪӳ飬ҪִʦҴ䵱ȻһʱգҸִʦϼִ󹦣ôִʦͿ˳ϳˣҲΪ˶סЩ˵죬Ͼֻһϣš
ַˣҷǳʸ֮λַ˵ţһƳַֱַӵݸӡ
³ϵƣһȡϿʦƳ֣ҲǷǳ棬ôַϣ
ʵ³ϵҵ֮һֻҲ䵱ˣԣҶ֪ѣʦһֱұܣԣʸڸϣһֱڸ󶼴˭³ϵ˭ͿϱϣȻ֤
ûӵ³ϵơȻˣ֣Щ˵ʲôҲ޻˵ˡһͷͨ棬ڸϡ
ڶֵҪ䵱ɽκεطɣȻһЩǲȥġ
ͬ⡣
ֵҪҩ԰ĳʸ񣬻ĳʸ񡣡
ҩ԰ҩ԰³ԹϽ֮ڣֳҪʲôҩһ֪ͨ³ϵġȻҩ԰һ³ϴкġ
ַ統ȻҪȥȥҩ԰Ҫ䵱ҩգΪ˰Լ̫ˣýЩָ
ַеҪӶӦ֮תͷˣأ
ֻЭִʦ巢󣡵ȻһЧ鳤ϣ
ã¾ôˡ֮Эַ磡䵱ľƵڲеǶϸĸֳ֪ϣˣҪϢˡ
ַߺӲԶһ߳һзֵĵʿ׷룬ģԵЩ
ϲţϲڵõɱʱǿȫԸӺˣϲɫ
ǬӣСǽжǲҪҽеĺáĵǵļƻҪٵ꣬ҲȻôõɱ֮λѾ˰ˣȲˡ
ǬӵţɱѾ֣ǲҪٵˣ
ַ˿𣿣
ǬӵַŲŲҪ˷֮λҶַհַ绹ߵ궼򵥡ȻͣڴգѾõɱǵļƻûʲôӰ졣
˵ûӵַλ˲ţҪΪãҸıˡ
Ŷкμƻ
ûзڸղŵ̸Уַߵ˶Ѿ϶ַΪףȻѾǣǶʦһֱڻҲˡԸ°Դ˾Բܾ£񵱳ܾˡĪˣһдҷ緶ˣԲ򵥣˶϶ַΪףַ϶ЩַͣЧǣҲһءǰַͺҹȻûǿ֮ģ˶ǲ׿ƵˣѾõɱҪʩչǵļƻĻͱȥһвأ
Ǭӵţȥַ˷ǳļ򵥣ֻǼ˲öԸϾ⼸˻Щףֵ̫һ©Ͳðˡǰɱ³ϵ£㽫Ǿ˽ȥ
ӵĵ˾Ӻӣַ˺ӺӴΣ

ȥַ֪֮䵱״
ѾΧɣڸķѾȫơĿǰǸλϣӣӣӣӡǬѾǱΪ飬ӺǸ¸أ⼸ôŵݴѹɢӺӵֻ˶ԷûжԲߺͻὫԷ
ıֻʣӵĸҲͼʮˣǧ˶ӵˣ
ַ֮ӵӷ飬Ϊڸϣûκνףᣬô˸ϡ
ַ֪Լ˳Ϻûûʲô𣬳ԼߵԼ⣬˶ǲԼܵģʵȨ
ֻԼô˶Ը鳤ϣ췽ҹ̷
֮ƣֻһһ취Լַ뷨;ߡ
ַСèųϵҩ԰ҩ԰ҪĿΪ˸鲹ϴɱķɣľ޴ַоǳԣַĵһʱǺСè䵱ҩ԰
䵱ҩ԰ڻ档ڻͤϷһҶдš³˵䵱ɽҩ
ɫǡжڶȪˮļ𡣴˵һڴ˵õ죬Ϊл˵ص֮һɵɵʹˮٲΪлڴʾ羴
ַؿŽ˻һȻҶԲֵֵǧ֣ɶʪļˬ
ж죬һ޴ɽȳַǰַ֪䵱ġҩȡ
ǳŨɽҰдУľޣԶɽɭܲһغĵɫʡ
սҩȣַ˯Сè͵һ˴۾֮ȫ̰˷ܣַ硰иͣ
СèַСèıϰǵĹһ£Ƶ˶࣬һҸû˵ĵط֡
Сèַ˼æͷ
ڵĵʿǳĶ࣬ժ޼ģʩʵģЩʿǴŵʶֱҩġ


137 ս
ַһ·Ϲ۲죬εҩݶ˹ֲҲΪͨҩݣԽߣŷһЩϵȵҩݣЩҩҲ˹ֲЩֲûκεĸ߿ƼֶΣȫ˹ֲ
˹ҩ԰ǳĴаĶԲϵҩҲ٣кܶʿܣַҲֻ۲
ҩԺľͷһƬɭ֣ﱻ˾ߣλʿһͤŲˮ
λʿַ˹æӭȥһλѣɽض࣬һǲȥģٻء
ַû˵óԼϵơ
λʿƺ󣬼æԭֳϣʧȻֳȥĻǲġ
ַߺһʿʦ֣ǽذԪϣǲȥģųϽȥ鳤Ϲǵ𰡡
ʿǹȥģ߲źءŹϵϳϵλõˣһһʱ鳤Ǿ˵ֳѹǣȥɱǣ򲻵֮²ŷȥİ
߽ɭֲãСèַļ˷ܵ˴֮Сܿ죬Сèڲݴ﷢һ۵Ĳҩֱ˲ҩ
ҲУַ緢£ַƬݴ߹ֲϵȵĲҩȻ鴫˺ܶʶҩ֪ʶַ粻ȥһÿõȥֱģҲҩַǷֱ治ġСèһ쳤һᣬ֪ǿҩˣ
һʱ䣬СèͷʮҩСèˡַշһ׼ʱһӰ˹ֱӸһҧȥˡ
ַһ˵ǣܸܲţҪĿýָƵģ
Сèĳַ˼Ȼָָɭ
ַףСè˵ɭһѵģҪж٣
Сèҩ֮£ַеҩȫת˽飬һٶ֮󣬽ڴӳ˯˹
ˣˡ
öҩǺõطû뵽ƿռ仹ֵطߣ
ҲΪ۵İģҲ˵лл
лëץʱҩ
Сèͽգֱַӳһ͵ġ
ַ֪СèɭʱգΧĿǳĳʪǷǳ¡ȻܵĻû󣬵ޣΧĻĸΪ

һ·СèˬˡҲ֪˶ҩˣһﶼ㣬ýĻ˵ǣЩҩ͵ҩٶ࣬ҲǴһˮһ¾ˡ
Ļûдһ˲ҩûһҩַ֪䵱ķΧõĶ϶䵱ˣܵȵȡôһ·ϽСèյЩҩڷǳεĵطֻ䵱ûзֶѣҪȻﻹԼķݡ
鲻ˣоǰһֳصѹָУ˵ǡΣա
û߲Զַ翴һһ׶ߵʯͦһô֮ǰʯд֡
ǰޣʳ˻ȣΪûеԪϣĪ룡һģĵͼʾҰʳ˻
Ҫȥ˰ɣǵĿѾˡɡȰַ硣
УˣʲôûеõԽΣյĵطôԽ࣬ðգôкôأ
ִַ֮£ǰС
ԼʮԶַ緢һûݣƷҩǻݵԱһһ˶ߵʳ˻
ʳ˻ĻΪɫһεε¶ӻﻬ䣬Ө͸ǳĶһ㶼ģ
ַȡǽֱʳ˻ȥʳ˻ĻǸһֱ̣ӽַĽж
ôǿ
мĻǸǳɫʳ˻ĴԣֻҪʳ˻͹ˡ
ַ֮Ծһķȥ
ַյУʳ˻ɫͻȻţÿһƲĻ˲ޱȣһһ㽫ֱַӰ棬Ȼ󻨰ٵĺһ𣬽ַ档
ַֻоռһƬڰԼ˫űһЩĶסƶֿʼַ룡
ߣ
ֱַ˫־ٽڻ֮ڷҿţЩȻûбϣһʹʳ˻һֽа˻
ͷǰ·ĵӷ򣡡鲻ʾַ硣
ַ𿪴֮󣬺ݺݵһԼĽ´ȥ˽¼Ҳ̲ȥ
û𣡾ħ𣡡鼱æʾ
ȵĻַϳַ֣һ˳ȥ
תۼ䣬ĳֱַյһɶʳ˻ʹ˻ţڷײš
ַշ깦Ĳȣֱӱ˦˳ȥʳ˻Ļſ뽫ַȥ
ַ緢ǽ˲ʳ˻ʳ˻ſ޿ַҧ˹ȥ
鼱֮£ֱַ˫ʳ˻ͷ˹ȥ

ȭҵ֮һ㣬˻ǡ
ʳ˻ЩΣתͷַ˫֮ҧȥ
ڰַ֮Ͷܲʳ˻żĴֱҧַ˫ۡ
ַһѪģĳ沢ûг֣ʳ˻꼸£ȫˡ
״
˫ô϶ޱˡ
ַ粻ĵǽ
иƨãֵͼܷӳ𣿡
ֱַ
ַ״ֱ˫̯ʳ˻Ĵ˹ȥǽʳ˻ַ˫ȴ˽ȥʳ˻ֱӱ˸ϡáʳ˻ַ˦ַ˫ͱʳ˻ס˦˦
ַ˫ּ֣תʳ˻ͷʳ˻һ
ַ˻֮󣬻ĳСèȴһڿŻݣ
ַһСèβͣŭСèҲˣȴҵսƷ
СèգŴ۾ίĿַ磬ȻСצָָɭһ
Сèָŵķ
˵ȥ򣿣ַСè
Сèͷ
ղŵһսĶǣȻַһ㶼£ΪַûκξС
һƬž֮߳Ķﶼַһơ
ƪ򱻴ħռˣСﶼӵӰ١
ַСǰţԽƽʹǰо޴Σա
ͻȻǰһƬɧת֮䣬ĸַķ򼲳۶
ޣͷβƤһ᲻ɴݡҪ˫צݺһβ͡ȻҲٶȲǷǳݡ
ֻ߼ħޣַ磬ɵǣ
ַǴ˴ɷϣַǵһμħ֮ĴͶǰַϻͻܣɴµַȣɵЩħ޲ڻ¡
Ȼ޵Ӳޱȣַ罫ۼڽǽ̽޵ıƤֻ΢ͣһ£˳Ĵ̽޵ڡ
ַһͽ˳ǰĵһֻޣĶǳͳ֮ʱַ͸߸ߵԾֱ޵֮ϣ޽ַ֮˦޾һغˡ
ɱһַ֮ɵĶһֻ޵ġβ޴ֱӽһþľмϡ
նܹһβ͵ĺɨֻצ޴צַץ˹
ַһЦһֱӴֻ޵ĸ˹ȥ֮ݺݵһеһֻ޵򦣬û룬޵ͷð˳ֻһͺӴ͵ȥ
ַֻ֮ǵĶƤó޵ڵСèֱ̽
ôɣַ翪ʼɪˡ
鷭ŰۣЩֻǵ͵ħޣ˸ߵȵģҿôɪ
ַǰУͻȻԱߵĴһֻڵϵַ֣練Ӧ죬Ҳȥ
ųһ׶ĵַæӽųʮɨ
޿ʮĴӿ³һɴִһɵ磬׵İѽһߡ
ҿַڿ˸ߵȼĵ
вѳһӱѳַǰϷźצץַգ˵ʱ٣ʱ죬ַȥַǽĸצ

âצײһ죬ַ͵Եַһ˲پۼŹ
һĵٴοһԾȻ𣬴ӿзųһ磬Хųַȥַ粻ҵʱȫѾ㼯ǽ͵ĳǰһӣһȵֱġ
أ
ַĽһӴһ죬ΧʮڵĻݲݱ嵽Уķ
ûüͷһ磬׶೤âѾڵǰܵΣգæһԾùҪҲูѾһ߳ĿӣѪ˳˿
ʱ˵ĵһҺ֪Уæͷųһǿķйַ磬תӡ
ַϰݣȥ
ַùУһĽβȥæУɨУһж˺ȽŽ漴һǾһַץסᣬӿȥ
𡪡
ƿһתצַɨȥ
𡪡һ𣬵һֻǰצӦϡ
ƣ¼ʮУתӡ
ܣֱַ׷ȥ
ȻӴ󣬵ٶȾԲܱģĻǳϤַһʱ׷ϵǵҲӲַߡ
ַ׷˶ʮ֮󣬵ֹͣ˽Ų֮дһеĸ顪군ˣ
ûַ군ˣΪܳǧϰٵĵͻȻ֣Ŀ¶׹⣬ַŰΧ
ֱַˣʱʮͷַ绹ܣôַ࣬ѷɣ
𣡡
ǧֻͬʱ죡ɭڶʱ޾ʡ
źϰͷĿ׹⣬צַͬʱ˹
ǽ
ַԥʹ̰ǹ£һ֮£ʮͷȥЩͬʬ
ַŲǲͷ֮䣬ͣʹǽ̶һ֮ڣѾʮͷַĽ£
Щͬη壬ǸĵŭļַΧ
ŵ죡
ճʮͷַķϣ˲Դȥ
𣡡ͻȻһĺеĵֹͣ˹ַ磬вʵȥ
ַ糷˷֣˳źȥһͷǳߴͷĵҪߴԳ˰ϣڹ˸ɢһɭϢΧҪĵ׳ࡣ
ַףǵ
𣡡ַһ۾֮ȫŭ
ŵĺеĵʱ죬ûһֻǻĿַ硣
ͻȻСèַļͷ˳ȥһ˵ֱӷ˵ͷֻվһ
𣡡
СèĺȻһ˲ѹסеĺ
Сèµͷһץ˺СèǵСèһֻһԱһĽųظô
еĵȫǾ֣ķǳ˳Ҳԭ
״
ѪѹƣСϻԶѪЩ͵ȵħĺѪѹƣǲҷС˴Ұèһ϶޴ӷ
ַȻѾɽﲻܳôģô£
ȥ֪ˡ
Сèצڵͷѣ֧֧ĸ˵ЩʲôȻľ֣սսΡΡǰȥСèַػСצӣַ缱æȥ
һ·ϣַ˺ܶħޣ죬ԪڵħޣÿǳСϻһŵĶӡ
Сè̫ţˣ
Сèצ⡣
㵽״ȥʲôط
СèָָȻͷַ粻ԣֻܸǰȥ


138 Ů洺
һ·ϣСèͽҩò˵ɽҩǳĶࡣʱСèһɽ棬ˡСèԵ壬ǵǲߡ
ַֻñСèɽɽϳļžһֻħ޵ӰӶûм
ʮӺַɽԶԶһ֮˹ַ缱æ˹ȥ
ҸӦˡζ˵֮βסԼļ
ʲôǻַ缱æʵ
ֻҪħ޻ޣ˾ͻûˣ
ַȻǲ֣
һħ޺ǧſԻΪˣͨ޻ΪҲǺѣĴ޶ܻΪˣЩĸߵ޻Ҫǧ߸ʱܻΪˣ
ǰɣ
ǰ
ŶôСϻʲôʱԳ˵ģ
鵭ĵӦɡ
ַԵ
˻Ļٺ٣ͻˣ
ַˣԭСϻԼõ
ַϢСսڴսһһ滢սΧΧ˼ʮߵޣлӥǡ
ְַгַĶǳߣǵһμ֣Ǳһѡ
ַǱһ󣬺ܿ죬ʮ˫Ŀַķɨ˹
ַ类ˣСèЩǡһַ״ҲѧСèһЩֵĿܿջأעųڵսûַ硣
ȻѾַ֣ҲͲͷ¶βҡڵ˳Ľӽս
ַ翴սе֣Ǹַǳԣַ翴֮ʱžµλһ㣬֮Ȼŭ죬Ƿǳ峺һࡣҪǣɢһַϤϢ
Ѿˣսɽǳ˷ܣһСϻҲǳ˷ܡ
ַҸұ֤˽ӽǸڣͻᱻеΧɱ
ЩֶΪ˻ڴܣЩҲǻ񡣡
ţ飬ֲܶԸģǻİɡǸ˺ͻʲôΪ
ҸоЩϤҹˣΪѾתַ𰸡
Ǹϻأַʵ
Ǹϻһ˼ǧޣΪתˡ˺ܿҪˡ
ַЩͷǣ֣ǿĳǲʲôвǻǴͣһ߰ɡ
ʲôСèڣκֶ£ʦӡԺһսġ
սеĻľͱƻһɶò˵ֽսƻǳȥĳｻսѾ˼¥ˡ
ֵĽַ֣滹ѧʲôֻܿһ֮ȥһҴɣһҰɡ
߽֮䲢ûǿײҲûлʹݻԵĳ棬ַо˫ɵÿÿʽԼӲ
Լڤ󷨣ҲԲκֵĶ֣
ûȫǹ˼Χ۵֡
ַͷ
ʱҪˣǴǰֻһɽΪɢѾǧ꣬ʵڲףִԲݹҽˣ
ЦСˣѹң岻ǧǰ֮սбʲôʸѹңڻδ֮ʱҾһֱ꣡ոһ࣬ҵĻɱңȻģǹҲԹʲôȥҿԱһ
ִԲ򣡡
˽һΣ˦ž޴β˾˹ȥڴͬʱ˵Ŀ³һ⣬˲仯һɫȥ
ʲôǲ
ûǡ󷨡еĲˣ
ɣ
˽˽ľһͷͻȻͷſѪ˵ͷҧȥ
ûôף
ѿǣϻӰͻȻʧ˵ʮ׿⣡
һ˿գЦ֪УҲҴ򲻹㣬ס㣡ĿĲɱ㣬ǵõ
Ȼӿһ廹ǱɫסһǿĹ˿ʩչ
㡭Ů洺ˣ
ţһȡ
˵ֻ֪Ů洺˲ſ󷨣ҲɹͿԻΪˣΪҪΪѣ
˵Ҳ룬ͬΪҲЩΪˡǣ֮սʱһŮ洺սʯ֪٣ԣ޷һ㣬޷Ϊˡ
ԭˣҾͿԷĵɱˣͻȻϵһ¾ͱ𿪣
һ֪Ů洺ˣǺ²󷨣һֱҵĻ
˵ûȻûɲ󷨣Ҳ޷ɱңҸҪ㣬ʵҵʵΪת
ϵһ˼Σѹˡ
Щŵҿħô½ĹɱңǺΪУ
ħô½װһȣȻЦɱˣ˭֪˵ˣħô½ɽ߻ʵԶʲôѵ㲻֪Ч֮ȫϢһˣһ磬˭ҵң
ִԲ򣡲󷨣
ʹĲ󷨣ռ˷˵λѸٻۣ˵˫ڱŸӵӡЩ˲仯ǧֱ˻˵λá
лûһѾ޸ȻӶǿƴϱÿӶһ¸ͷж˸һɫĹȥ
ʮӵʱ䱻гƬ˺ˣĶͷ˺ˮ
˵ɫҲÿȻŵķ
˵ʽֱӻӶŸͷ˳˹
졪⣡
һ޴ҫ档
Сƣ
һ䣬˴һ޴ĸдźɫĹâ֮ϡ
ܵҹ֮һζɫĹâ࣬ΧĻľһεĲݻ٣ֳһƬǽ壬ǻ˲ûƿ
Ż˵ľ޸£˵͵һѪ
ܳŶã
־˹ȥ
ÿһ£˾һѪΧĵ濪ʼѣݣ˵Ŀᶨûзơ
졪𣡡ڱơ
Ĺâ֮ͻȻ֮ɫߺ˹
˴󾪣ͷֵķֱֹӽĸͷķ顣
ߴ˻˵ؿں֫һʧȥĿƣ˵ϡ
˵Ѫ֪˿̵һʹѾþȫѾƿо
ԴĻˣ㻹𣿹˴Ц֮ʱ˾ֵĹâ
˲ûгȥΪ
Ȼˣ߻ѹƣڻһֻҪԼͿȫɱˣΧ۵Щ֣˲Լ
˵Ҽǵô˵в߲ڲˣֻл³ûвʯɱҵģ
˵֮лûһѹ⽣Ȼ˹⽣ʵαϻȥ
αڳһĿӣһ˵ϣ˶ʱѪģǳĿֲ
ַ翴һĻ֪군ˡ
ؼʱ֣ͻȻַеǽͻȻһֶַɵ˵ǰ
ַһ״
Ȼ۾һǹһЦ⡣
ʯȻǲʯַķмƲһۣһůϤϢ̲ס
ǽͻȻըƬ֮оһ˿С
ˣȥɣ졪𣡡
ӻƵľ޴ȱ֮߳ȴ˲պϣһ߲ʵĶһ˹߲ʵޱȣǻ˿ȴĵ׳һ
ܣⲻܡ
һľ֮У˷ռһƬɫһϢд˴
ֱ߲ӽ˵ɣըʣ
ɱ˻ˣһѣȥ
죡ɱΧ۵ʮȫһϢ˰Χ
ѵҸյõʯҪЩϣŬվԣվʱ֣ѾΣ
ûһ·
Ҳ£Ѿƿ;ɱ
ȵȣҪ֮ʣֵַҪɱҲԣŪҵĽѽˣɱ
һӥЦǿЦһСС࣡û͡
ֶЦû˻һһΪô͵ࡣ
Сè췢ɣٲͱèˡ
СèգĴ۾˿ַ磬ַļȻŤҧгݵĿż֣ŭ죡ֱӱΣ
ͷ¹ǡʨ֮ۡۡȫͨڵأţͷȫ˵¡
μˣ
СèĺţֶȫŸ
ȫɣַٻСè˼֡
ֶַŭĿӣֲҷӥ˵ȻҪȥǡ
󼸸ֲĵˡ
·ϣƹ¹ͷӥϴǸȻޣֻڵޣȫɱΪʲôҪ
ӥͷ֪ʲôǿɸ룡콵ӦǱޣһĻҲɱ벻ͬǴǼ飬˳̣룬һӶù
¹ͷǿǻεģĲģ
㲻ʲô֣ûѪֻҪϼͿԻΪˣ˵ôҪЩӵи߹Ѫ֣ǧ꣬ǻεģЩ֣ôﲻָ߶ȵġдֶϲģԻ˵Ǽߣûʲô;ǸŮ洺ʧȥ˲ʯ޷Ϊ˲Ŷȡġ룬ҿԤıһһˣų֮ģǸҲ򵥣ʲôطһΪôͣССôܽǲʶʱ񣬿ᶪ
¹ͷϴҹ£ʾǸ缸ĸղɱȥˣĲʲô
ʱһƫеĻ¹ͷͷ¹ͷֱð̣ĵˡ


139 һɱ
ַ翴ŻΪ˵ˣֻ۾ɫԵĿ˵زô󡭡
޳ܣ붯֣ǣƣ˹ȥ
޳ܣַ˼һǧ꣬ǻģĶɱ㲻޳𣿻Уҵǽ޳𣿷ϻ˵ǽ
˵ɫһ࣬һףǰԴ࣬Ǵ˿̵ȴûһǵĶַղǰѽģ
Сүҵģ˭ģǰѿǽвʯ㾹Ȼҵǽˣô㣿ǽǰ˵پͻַ϶Ҫָ˵
ҽСѩ˵Ů洺ˣǰѽȷвʯˡҺͲʯ֮һ΢ĸӦźͻսǲʯӦΣԲųȡⲹʯҵĶֻӵ˲ʯǰѽģҲҵʯǲܸģΪҲûãֻܷӳԣǿŻҲҪˣ͸ɡ
ɶַ粻ˣҾ㣬һлл˵ҲˣҵĶҲʲôǻ㲻ҪˣҪǶֲ֣˵ˣϴҲҵսƷô˵͸ҵأУ
ôСѩŭ죬ԼɢԻɱǰˣ
ַĻҿ϶Ҫġ
޳ܣ
ǣ֣ҿɲɣ֣أҪʲôأ
ҪŮһľѪַԺɱٰǿȡľѪ
ַæʣѪʲôã
ǰɱôɱɱȻЩɱѪ֮ºϣǺǳͻģɱһѵĻ϶ɷǳ˺Ū߻ħģľѪͿȫЩɱϣһ
ַСѩˣĵǳ˵ʯҾͲҪˣһѰ
Сѩ룬ȻЩĵ׻ĻСѩƷˡ
ҪɡַƤЦĵͰŮһľѪһξͺˣһѪѣ˺˵ɡ
Сѩɫˢһ±ˣУŮһľѪôԽһֲ࣡ŮһĴˣҲܽ㣡οһˡ
ҲȫҪֻҪһѣ
ַȫ֪Ů派ѪŮ洴˵ҪԣѪͲʯһŮˣôŮ˾һŮ洴ˣһˣô˾ϹӴ˾ͻҪǣÿһŮ洴ˣֻһξѪ
ɱңҲСѩ̬ȼӲޱȡ
ַСѩʯԴ󷽷ĸ㣬ҾҪôһѪ㶼Ҳδ̫С˰ɣ㵱ΪҲɱ𣿡
Сѩоַɱ⣬Ȼߵ㳤ôΪôͣôܰŮ派Ѫˣ붼룬ɱңҲ룡
ҳ󣿡ַˣ˵Ϊҳϣ˵ҳ󣿣
Ĳˡ
ְ֣ĺܳ󡭡ͻȻһ۵ַĶڣַתͷһһģСкԼǰ
СкģǳĿɰ˵ǿɰֻݣǳһǷĿǳһ䡣
ַŵֱӺһ˭
Сèè
ż񰡣ַεĸоСè
Сèͷ
˻
СèЦŵͷ
ְ֣˧ɣСè˵ţһԾַļ֮ϡ
Ұְ֣Ҹ硭
㲻Ұְ𣿡СèûͷգŴ۾ַ硣
ֱַ磡
Ұְ֣ҳĵһۿľ㣡Ұְ֡
СèͻȻСѩȻַСѩĻСѩϲ˲䣬
ֱַԵСѩˢһºˣŭСèСèգŴ۾Сѩ𡭡
մӵַԵˡ
񰡣ΰɣ
СѩСèǸ룿
ǰ裬ͽСèèͺˣҺܿɰģܹԺģԲġ
ַСèˣ
СèСѩҰְֺСģȹȥһ¡
Сèﵽַͷϣַ̾һСèû취
Сѩŵ㿼ǵôˣ
УСѩ̬ȻܼûзǿӲˣ룬ǰҲһǴһ޵ˣշһޣͨ
ֻɱ㣡ַһһıƽСѩ
Сѩоַɱ⣬ַģСѩַǿģ
ãҸ㣡СѩһΪôϣֵ̫ˣ
Сѩ˫һֵӡһνɫѪҺСѩģһַĶͷ
ɫѪҺֱʧַ
ַƣûʲôоСѩ㲻üٵƭҰɣ
СѩҧгݵĿַ磬Һ㣡ڵģҹָһŹ㣡
ַ粻ĵҾһ㲹ʯҪˣҾҪһξѪ𱨵ģŲɱ㣡
Ҫ˺衣СèգŴ۾ַ綯֡
ιСèǺ׷ǹʵģ
Сè֪ҸоҰְֻкСѩͬ࣬˺
ַеͬͺãң
СèĵҰְ֣϶ְͬ࣡ϢȻܸо
ַˣǱ𣿣ѵСèӦˣѲҲһַ뵽һ󱩺
ˣСѩҲɱ㣬߰ɣڣСè֮£ַ粻ɱСѩˡ
Сѩ֮ǰתͷݺݵĶַ磺㲻ɱңһɱ㣡
ȥ·ϣֻҪǿַˣԹĿ⿴ַ磬Ϊַͷһû·ССһ·㵸ַ磺ְ֡
Īƺͺַ磬۾ֱˡ
Īƣϴһ첻ôͶӣ
ʲôʱģɩλ
ַһͷߡ
ɽַһһ˵Ĺڡ
ַڽİ֮£ʼŮ派Ѫ
Ů派ѪĴʥŹתķַֽͷ֮ϵӡǽںϡ
Ѫɫıʥ֮Ҳʱ
ַͷ֮ϵӡǺһѪ֮ɱ¾֮ɫһ֮ʥ֮ɫ
罣˵ַڵΪ޷Ǳɱ¾֮ǰַɱȫַѪ֮еɱ¾Ϣѹƣֻʱѹƣ޷
һʱ䣬ַܲʲôףַ羭ʹɱôЩϢӰ쵽ַľΪߣ֮ͻַۣ֮ħ޷Ĳ߻ħ
Ů派ѪΪַ
Ů派ѪǾ½Ŵ֮һȫѹɱ¾֮֮бϢȫתַԼҺȫϣ
ɱ¾ϢʥϢսַΪսַ֮нĴڣַضشܵĽԼǿַ֮꣬Ҵ߷Ů派Ѫʥһںɱ
ʱ֮аսڽаϢȫںһַͷӡǱɫɫͰɫ
ɱ򣡡


140 ɱ
ַдһɱȫʩչ˿
ɲͬϢַϱΧʮ֮ڱַ֡
ַԸ֮ܵеĶ֮ڵĻľ߳ϺַĳֵϵַԸܵǵλã׽ǵϢԸܵ¼ֻϵĶܵ飡
ַоڵﶼԼĺһУů
ָܣֻǼӵʱ䣬ʧһеĸܶȥ
ַ㲻״ѯʽ顣
ղѪϣݵĸܵˡ򡯵ΪϲԼ죬ڸ㣬̫ˣӣŬɡ
ȫһֳĿַ˵ģַƲѡ
ַתԼַ緢ɱѾֳ״̬һɱ¾ɱɵַսֱӻӳĵˣͻᱻǿɱѹǵҳԽսԭеı֮Ѿȫʧеַ׾ٵĿơ
ڶ״̬ǻָһƬɫԼƻٶȿٻָ֮ڵĵ˻˺ӳɣ
ַ쳤ХֻҪԼټַһĺս
ҹ˾۵оɱ˿̣һ춯ӷеĽףֱŤһʯµĻأصʯŻ򿪡
ʯŵĴ򿪣һѮҵķʵʿ첽˽
ʵʿ͹⣬ϴЩЦ⣬ӵţַѾ˳˱ϣһжǵĿ֮УŻʲôָʾ
ӵĵǬϣɱѾ֣Ѿûκι˼ˡֻҪӺˣǾͿԸˡ
ǬӵܾòףԱĿǰʵӶԿֱѻʯڵʵҪӺˣʦڣ޷˶Ŀʱ䵱ңûκɺͽȥӺӣҾڻʱ򣬵䵱ţҪӺˣʱ׾֮¡
ӵ˵ûѾȲˡ꣡Ѿ˰꣡ɱѾ֣ôȣʱѡٵĻǸλϣӺԣҸûϣţԣ֮ǰˣ׼ڽġ䡯֮ʱλֻ£ҪʱڲӺӣ
Ǭһţǻôӳ飬ڶʱδ죡
ӵЦѾƻˡֳѾЧңȻҸͲںͶ칫֮ʱ£ܾңЧңַóҪ֮ʱ˾Ȼûһ˷ԣ˭Ը⽫֮λɵĹˣ⣡ԣ⼸ὫӺӵȥذ£׼ñӺӵĵӣ󲻴ӦַˣȻǱϵݣʼǸˣֻҪɱˣ䵱ӲɵġӦȱɱӺӵĵӺӺӻ֮ǾͽһеƵ󣡵ʱӺһ̤ƽ󣡶£øһ˳䵱ŵɣʱӺӹԮ϶ûκλ˵ţʰϲģֻʱ⡣
ãһ˫񣬹ƣ
֮鳤Ϸһַͨ硣
ɱЩˡѾȫԸӺλϣϵӺӵĵӡӴôŵǲӺȥشһЩǴȥʮܻٶʮ죡ԣʮʮʱҪǽЩȫɱ
ų˾ͽڵѾõɱҪȫԼĵˣҿӵİţڿǶǵҳ϶ȡ˵ǿֳϵҳ϶ȡ
ַ˶һ飬ַ֮ɱЩˣӺӻ֮һȫƵǵϡʱλϾ֪ӸĹҲˣԾͻˣһн赶ɱˣ
ĪƵûںԵڻǵҳϣԣǺӿսܽΣӮҶӣڲ֪ôģɱЩӣӺӻˣӰæĻһɱӺӣǻûµġ¾ӵʱʲôܣƴɱ˵ĻûʲôʧΪӺӵѾϴˣǻҲӰ쵽ӵļƻ
˾ͽڵӺλΪֱЩִ⼸λҲΪչˣӰʹթλϼλӣλҲûлӡλҲλڹȥλϸ֪ʵ飬λϿҲǡοܶӵˣҪȥ֪ͨλϣӲӵߡ·ǳļ֡
ûλôءѾӵˣΰֳϴɱЩˣΪ˿ֳǷҳ϶ѣҾòûб⡣ʱӺӻ֮ǣһԹ۵ġ
ַʦ֣Ǵش˵ĵ˾ѣڱƵӲλϵĻǾ͹ʱһ죬ǱԶûϣˣ¶Ҫ뵽ĽȻǲſõĲȥԸ
ַ˵ͻȻݼΪ仰ݼʱ̸ַġ
ַһֱԸӺӣûкʵѡȫ˵ȴĿŵĶ֣ΪӺǺͬĳϣԼ˵ĶֵĻ䵱֮ڿ϶ֽǰסġʱ˳ȥͳ췴Ժ֮λʷҲһβʵ۵㣡䵱Զȫ䵱˭֪һϺˣ˭֪һͰĳɵͬˣˣȻǱĳϣ䵱˭֪óƻĳݣɢҵҥˣһӳĳˣұǶ칫ĸ᳤䵱ǰһгͻһ赶ɱˣ֮ɱңͻ˵Ϊȥĵӱͻվڹλã
˾ͽڵֳ˵ûǶ֮ӿ϶һȻͻ䵱űչأ䵱£Ҹ˳ţʱ˶ƼӣʱǸϻˣ˭۱֣˭ܱȵαӣ
Ǹλ˼ܣû뵽ôն񣡡
ЩıĿֻ֪Ϊǵʦ𣡡
һֱû˵ĺѾƿش֣ҪƵĻΨкˣһ
ĪԣˣѾҪȥɱˣǲɱȻȥˣӾͻһʱԸǣֻǰһԵλϣֱӺӶϿӺ̣ˣǻӦ𣿡
ַ絭Цˣʱ𣿾˾ͽʦָղ˵ģܶӵǰǲлӴλϵģ
һĪƺַ磬һû˵ءȻȥλˣǴ˿Ҫ취סλϵһǾ˺ӿıǮҲ˵֪ǴɱЩˣЩȴûãΨһİ취
λϵ
˶ĬĬ˼šĻǳеôȥأ
ַͻȻһ׺˼ˣǴɱӺӵĵӣǾȥɱ͵ƾͼƣ


141 ͵ת
ڶ죬ӺλѾ·ȥˣλĵǶ¸ǸһжӺλͬʦֵܣǳĺãÿʮ죬λϵȫǶۼһһЩѧϵ⣬һССıԣѧϰӾ顣
λ뿪ĵ죬ҲӺӵĵԤڵʮԽգӶ¸ԽҶǳ顣
緹ʱ֣ʮϯ˸߱ʹڼλʦֵ֮£ȻϽʧ֡
һֿʼѧϵۺͱ
ͻȻһںͶֱ֮ʧ֣첲һĶּæʵҪɡ
û£Ƥˡ
ʦܣôˣŵʽѾȻʮ飬ôô⣿
ϵʿʦ֣ͻȻһѣΣڡʦܻû˵꣬о֮һֱӵȥ
ţܵĵǸ֢״һĵ˵ϣ˶ʧȥ˺
ӹַ纮Ī˳
Īͳһ֮磬ܹİٰʮˣ˶ж
磬ⶾҩȷǳЩһ㣬˭Ҳ鲻κε״
ַЦǵȻֶҩһ֮⣬κ˶ƣЩֻǼʮʱ֮󣬶ȻԶ⿪
ַļƻַ֪ÿ¸Ǹһνᣬ˶ἯһֱַӽЩһѶˣҩǰսṩģ
ַãĪƣ㽫֮ȫնɱĸɾ㡣»㱨ӡ
֮ȥĪƽɱ֮ˣȫһһɱֱӽ飬һۼȥжûʲô
Сʱ󣬺һ׷˰ֳ˲ӡ
߿ȥǳͨһĺ֮࣬ӵıһޡ
Ǭӡ
Ǭӿصʬ壬ûкַкǰȥ˵ϵļʬ塣΢һ飬ַЦֳϹֶΣ鳤ϽֳϵİɱˣȫˡֳϣΪ֮˶ҪɱⲻǺ鳤𣿣
ַĵǬϣô˵ôñҿɴҶ鳤Ĺô鳤ءΪȫɱȫ֮ߣ˵ˣǰû˸ɱá
Ǭֳϣɱ֮˶ǵˣɱԼˣҲгҪɱЩˣΪ˰Щˣ֪˶ôһ仰ɱ˾𣿣
ַֻ֪նҪЩԭӺӵˣڱּʹ棬浹ˣܶ鳤ĹɱԾ󻼣ѵǬϾɱɱˣɸ֪鳤ϣ
㣡Ǭüë𣬡֪ɱĶҵˣһˣܸһ
ַЦǸ£Ǹ£ҪԼʲô
Ǭһ¸סˣڳҲסˣ˭Ҳû뵽ַǬӣǬҪɱַֻǾ֮£
ַֻô˵ַжԷǬӵı£Ҫַԥĳ֣
Ǭͨ죬ֻţɱַ磡ɱַ磬ôӽ
ַ磬ţ£Һû꣡Ǭӳһӣŭȥ
Ǭߺַһڵϣȫ亹ա
ˡ
Īƹַ磬磬ղ̫ˣǬӶ֣ǿһ
ַЦҪǣǬɱǣôӽѹңҾÿ
ֵַ֪ͨ˵´ֳһҪ˾ߣ·壡סס˵ĹٺǱãҹʮСʱǣ©κϢ
İɣ飬Īеġ
ĪƲһۺϡ
ҹеʬ嶼͵͵תƵ·塣·壬ԭɱڵϿ֮ڣ˶½Щȫ׵мӡ
ַȥݼӡ
һµҡ֮ϣɱ
ֳϣˡַ̤ŵ˲䣬Ӿͻع
μ鳤ϡ

ַº鳤ϣ㽻ҵѾףӺеĵӶնɱһɶ鳤ԺԸˡ
ӵĵ°ĺܺãɾ䣬ֶõ˷ʤһһ䣬ͽɱһɶܺáԺ󣬾ʹΪҺúð䵱ʥҩ޹ǵš
ӵݹһУַĽסлϡ
ˣȥɡ
ַߺӵɫˣߣȻΥҵҵ˶ɱҶһֱߣ̫ʧˣ
¹Ӻӻˡ˻صԼĵ֮󣬷һ˶ûУʱõһϢеĵӱڸ󱱷ֳϴɱ
ҵӣۡ
鳤ϣ⵽ô£
ӿŭӺӣ̾һλϣ԰ꡭ
ӱŭ鳤ϣڶʲôʱˣ԰꣡ǵĵȫˣİٶȫˣЩӶǴС͸ǵģΪԼĶŮһ㣬ô侲
˵˵ţĨᡣ
ǿѹסԼ챩ߵ鳤ϣң⵽ô£洫ԣⶼǱֳģǲģ
ӱ鱯ˣĵ£Ѵ̰ⶼңҰλȥ£Ҳᷢ¡ַ簵¶λеĵӣֽŸɾ䣬û˿֤ݡֻǴԣûκε֤ݡҲ֪ʲôˣû֤ȥץˣ´ȥ䵱
ӵû֤ݾַ統䵱ҪϣǾͼԣ㼫֧֣ڳô£Ҫһ
Ҳһŭݣλַ֮£³ϵƣټʦַ³ϵĴˣַҲ쾭֮ʮͻȻ֮䷢ô£Ϊ鴫ȥŻôԼ䵱ĵ䵱һҹɱ´ɶͻΪЦ
ӵôȥˣ鳤϶Թۣûг׵飬ھȻԣǲǲˣ
ӼôܲܣЩʱð飬鴦ַ󣡵Ƿ¶Ҫ֤ݣ䵱ô£û֤֮ǰҲߣһֻܴӳ飡ⲻǵλҳϻ𣿡
ӳ飿ʲôӳģ¶Ӧѭ浸ûдģЩ䵱̫ƽˣŻô飡ڵĻᷢ𣿡
ӵһǳϣڻҵ쵼䵱ҵ쵼֮ĺƽ˭ϻᷢô£ǵĵӱɱҲѹڱѾҽ㣡̤䵱һǵλǰִ£
ӸӰʹ˸ɫλǱˣ鳤ϣ鳤ϴ¹Ϊֱߴ֮ŷǳõ⼸ȷΪ䵱˲鲻ܹ鳤ϡʦܣǶ˻ȥ壬µ


142 Ȧ
ڸ󱱷壬ַõϢºλϻֱַ֮ܲӺʦֵܺͺĪȥɱȡַ뽫һһʧҪȻ֪Լ˾ȫû
ɱȹȿڣַԶԶĿ׷ԲԵϵʿŭ߼۶
˵ĵɱڿţַ˶о˶ԷŭҵĲš
ַʮ״ͣŭַ硣
ŭڣ׷ƮĶַ磬ŭȵַ磡
ַѾԷϢַ粢ûеֿȫǺˮƽĵǣҾַ硣
Ǳɱеӣ
ӺȻŭ֮Ƕûа֮ǰ϶ᶯ֡
ַ絭ЦλĵӶǳǸ󣬸ƣǱֿܵмΡ
Ȼַתͷʦ֣˰˴
ǣϡ
ܿɱȣұߵ߳ˡ
Ӻӿ߹˶ԼѾȥĵӣ˿ƲסԼļ൱Ĺ졣
ʦ
ʦǰǵĹ⣬
ȻЩҲַڹַֻЩ˹סûиʵ顣
ַ˴ȥܿأ
Ӻȥϵɱӵֳϣ⵽ô£
λ˵롣
ַ纮Ī˽˴һ֮Уסɱ֮ڣκ˽ɱۣ
ַ翪żɽĵλϺãλѾˣ
ӺӶһۣӵֳϣһеô£
ַ絭ĵѵλϲ֪Ѿ䵱һ죬䵱
⡭Ҫ˵ʲôǻȥʲô֮
˵һŭˣ鳤ϵ¸أô˴治֮£ַ磬Ƕ˵ĵӶڴˣΪ
ַ֪˺Լһμ棬϶ԼڻϸԼʵ
ַ絭Цţ³ϣûˣҾͲôǶһж֪Ҫɱȫĵӣûǵĵȫ
λһ١
Ӷַ磬㵽ʲôˣ
ַӵҵӣ䵱Ϊ˸ʦ³ϱǹͬĵˣڣǿ˵ʵ˰ɣ
ԭʦܵĵӣʦЩɺãӼæת
ַʦԵĺã˯ĺãʲôáλͷˣڹ֪
ӺӶһۣԵ˵ͷ˼ַǿ֮ˡ
ӵֳϣȻӵĵӣǻǲ㣡ξǵĵӣҲ㣬ΪѾ䵱ֻ죬޷ģһиûã
˵ûַףǲֿѵô
ӵûӱΪֱǰҰģǰı³ϣǶ֪û֤ݣǰҹϽĲʧ𣬴鼮ٻ٣һ𶼸ͷϣҵĴӸҶڻأҵĴ֮ʱɱʵұӺǰʦϽҩ԰ҩʧλӳָ֤ʦıָʹߣʦְٿĪ磬ʱҺʦ̬ȷǳļӲóŸǵƲѹ¡жиֽɱҺзŶζѣЩһǶûκ֤ݣ䵱ţ䵱¶ΨǴӣǸûа취ҿӵıӿ⣡
ַЦԭλ֪ӵıҾǵĵӣǷлң˵һûã
ַһӻҾǣȴ˵Ļ
ӵȻ䵱һ죬ıֻ䵱ļϲ֪ĵӶڹΪӵߴ̫֮ģǷǳĺáڳȥ˵ӻѱ䣬ûһ䵱ӻţţ飡Щһжźˣ͸磡ɱĶɱˣʣϲˡ֪ô˵ȥ˭ţǵĵӶǸǶ֪ʲô취ֻеȴŵĳֻ֣Ҫųأܽҿӵıƣ
Ӷ˶٣ַ磬ĳ֣Ӹɱǵĵ䵱ɱ䵱ˣĲۼ©һҲ䵱ӲɣңǸ¸ǸϢͷӾͻѱΪĳ֣ӽ赶ɱˣǣΪ˶Ը뾡취޷Բ߶ԸǣĳøһӾǣýͷϣְõɱõɱԸĳǰӵң֮ڲƿɱԣ֮ᶯ˵ģ㣬ַ磬ǰҵԴͷ㣡ΪҪл㣿Һ޲ɱ㣡
ӵûַ磬㣬ǵĵӾͲվ¸Ǹȫã㡣ΪǵĵӣͿԺȥԿֻ۵ѻʯֻȫû
ַиζĺ⽫Щȫȳѵ;ȴ𣿿λԣȫʵĿǰڵʽҽˣҲ޷ӿ⣡
ַ֪Щô£Ƕţѵû취Ը𣿾ûҵĳ֣ӻİ취ԸǣȴţԴУҪ˵踺صųأŶչذûг֣űչأÿ궼һΣΣΪʲôǰꣿ޼ɵĲ߶ԿԼˣֻ˵һ⣡ǵſԶˣ
λԣпһ£ɫͱ䡣
Ӳŵĵ˵ǵųˣ
Щ΢΢ĲܣžԲ£һѾǷ켫ŵĹ䵱ûκ˵ţԲܣ
˵ܣѾַĻЩһֱûгֿ֣Էǳ
ַЦǸߣűչô꣬ǿҹţûг£ӻô޼ɵ𣿣Ҿǵĵӣˣǻһ˲лңƵҵϣʣǱߵˣǵĵѾȫ´䵱Ҳֻеķݣ
ӺϸϸַĻĳˣôԼôһҲ죡
侲ֳַϣˣһȥӣҴӵıһ
ӵûֻҪֳϳ֤ǵЩӳ֤һԽƷ
ַɵһ㿴λϡڳȥ֤ҳ棿ʱӷҧһڣ˵λ䵱˵Һǵıݺӣʱô죿Ϊ䵱֧ǵ˶֧࣬ӵ˶ࣿʱֻһĶԸǵĽڣȫǰʯͷԼĽţ
һߵĪƵֳ˵ûⶼӾƵȦףôǽˣ壬Զ


143 ɱ
Ŀǰʽȫ·磬ûŤתƣΨһʤķֻгʤ
̾һֳϣһô죬ʵ
Ӻףַô϶Ѿ·
ַӵһУҳȥǵĵӣһеҵͷϡȻǵŭɱλĹɱЩȻڻ£λȥ֮󣬾ѾɱǣҪľϢԲ֪ǵ
Ӽæֳϣǳȥһ취ԸǵĵȫˣʣϲģӻŹ𣿣
ֵַλȥ֮ʱ֣֡϶䵱ӵĻɣΪ䵱ɽӣ˭ܴûҵڹģ϶ᶯ֣϶ΪȥΪȥĵ׷ҲµûĻӿ϶λ֮λ֮󣬵һ£϶ǲλ
ӵֳϵ˼ǣǳȥ֮ʲô
ַȻҪһλҪľѼλ֤ݣһ紵ݶ߿Ѩ֤ݶܷŹڶĴɢҥԣ˵ѾţԼ֮λѾʮ汾ǰҵ˼ȥɢͺˡҪȫ䵱ĵӶҪ֪ҥԣŴҶ֪ѻһٸ˵ǿ϶ͻˡڵһᣡȥҴӵıֻᱻӵһң֪ÿĴһߴɶۼ䵱μӡ䡯ڼ֮ʱһλߴɵڡʱǾᣬߴɺڵ棬Ҵӵıģôλ϶֣һǵȲˣżôõӣ϶ӵĴλ֮ʱʱ֮λ֮Ȼڳ֣Ҳǡʱ֣Ǿ͸ɺ֤֤ӵı
ãƣӵ֪ߴȻϺദǰﶼǵжԹϵ䵱һֱߴ֮ףɿ϶ǰͲ䵱ңԣߴɿ϶վһߣʱһвضָӣ
ҲûȻЩ𣬵ǻۣҥԣûҥԣ䵱ǰŰɣʱ䵱֮λ֮˶ҥˣڳ棬Ȼǡʱ棬ýӵıȫгʱٿĪ磡
ַȲҪ˵̫硣ƻһ㶼ϲϱ仯ôӷֵĻһмƻˣû֮λǵļƻҲգʱ䣬ҶҪǳСģ
һֱû˵ĺʱΪ˱λȥڱ󵽴ɱˣɱ˷Ż𣬲Ϣֳϱ䵱ɱǵӵ£ֵ֮ԽԽã
ĪƵûԼ˻϶ڱĵҲЩ޹ؽҪˣһֶӵˣȻȫɱҪЩ洫Ϣ֮Ҫ޷죡а㻳ɣһӻǣһжṦһ񣡡
ӿźĪƵλǣ
˶ΪĪֻ䵱ӣŷ˶һ˲ţ

Īơ
ĿɨɱЩ֪䵱ӣ
ӵҲڵˣĥҲǶЩ޹ˣҪȥɱǣ
ĵôǺǵĵӶҪЩİ˵ȥǺǵӵֵô
Īɴ߲СڣԹһɴߣǴѪɱ֮߹ģ˵뷨֮ʣʱֻẦ˺
㡭ӱ˵ˡ
üͷ壬ӵʦ֣²ƾҪرҪǲֶΣǵȷסӣ˺ӹô꣬Ӷ˷ǳ˽⡣ǷɱˣӸ϶ΪѾɱַ磡ỳʹթ
Ӱ̾һû뵽һֱ֮£ȴҪΪ˱ԼĵȥɱһЩ޹ˡ
ӺӴӱ֮䵱Ӷ˻Ѫű󼸴طǴ죬
ӵһʱֳӺ˫Ŀ죬Դ󷢣˾ɱǳĲңƺ˼
Ǭӿ棬˼ĵţϲķˡ
ӵЦţûǵİӶˣϲŹ֣
Ǭӵɱɣɱˣɾʹˣ䵱еӶ֪ˡʱʰֻһ仰£
æ֣ҲɱǣҪֻܰһеַϣЩ˶Ѿˡٽҿ챱Ϊɱ󣬴յӣЩӶеڱ壡ڣ̴Ѫϴ壬һ
ƣǬ֮Լɱ˱塣
һҹ֮䣬ǧӱɱһɶ
ڶһ磬ѩ䵱䵱ɽ죬İѩǲסʺĵ档
䵱еӶõһϢѱ䣬Ϊƿɱõɱ⼸ȻԻ󷨣ıӺӵĵ֮зַ֣Ϊ׵ıȻɱ¸Ǹеӣ鳤ǵһʱ鴦࣬һͬɱ򱱸󣬽еĵ˺ͽȫ
һʱ䣬䵱Ļ̻̣ʱһЩӵ;˵һСϢ˵鳤֮λӺӵĵӶıɱģֳֻõĹߡ
˵ӺͬʱһŮˣ໥ɣΪǸŮ˱˴ַʵӵˣӾͽַֽۺǹһѶˡ
һ汾䵱ڰǰѾӺˣΪ˵õɱɱ³ϣ³ϵĵڱյӣЩΪɱȫӵõɱΪɱڣеɱˣһж֮λ
֮汾ʮЩ汾䵱ǰԽԽԽԽסֻǵ֮ϲͲ֪ûĸӸҰЩ˵Լĳ
ֽʼǰסģһӾ֮󣬽Щȫ˵˳ӵǬӵĵӡ
ߣӵҥ֮ڷݺݵĽ豭ˤ顣
һԵǬһʲô鶼ᶯŭ㷢ٴ¶΢Ц²𣡿ΣȻΪһҥԴǬô벻ס
ţôˣֻһɢҥԶѣǲǣǵĵ˶ѾȥȨգκ˶ҡǡ
ƽһ飬΢Цʧ̬ˣ˯߲á
Ǭһƣ˯߲ã
ӻĵʱǿĶֲ£ΪǿĶֶ㣬ֻҪҵ㣬һ϶ٲҥʱµģʵʱɢʵҥԣҲģҥԴһ˵£һʮʮ٣ٴǧ䵱Ӷ֪ҥԺôò˶ãǶὥŵģΪһٸ˵ͬһѻʱѻͻˣҪʱ̣ϾҪţͻȻ֮䴫ҥԣ϶˹ɢҥԣѹң䵱еӶɣ֮λ
Ǭţ϶ӺΪ


144 è޺Ӽٴȱ
ϲģ˭ѵ𣿣ͻȻתͷĿ⵭ĶǬӡ
ԲҡǬӱôһȫ亹ֱ
źͺӶϣҲң
ǬӲһʹţʲôʱҵźͺӡ
㼱ʲôԵĺסĺãţȻǡ
Ǭ˵ζӣֲòΪĵӰ£
Ǭӵҥ䵱ѾһԼ֪ˣѾѹҥԣȴ˷ãҥĸˡ
ƣӳһ˦ҥѹⲻǰʯͷԼĽһѹƣᴫĸ죡ǻΪģ
Ǭһ亹ǡţô죿
ǺǡǾ˳ˮۣѹңҾֱôѹ
ţ˼˵Ҫλ
û

֮鳤Ͼٰһƺƴ׷ᣬ׷Ǹ¸ɱ֮ȥĵӡ
ʼʱ䵱ӶЩɣ׷Ὺʼ֮ɱ֮˵ļǰ׷Ȼߴǧˣ
ڣ䵱Ƕ˱Ե飡
׷֣˵棬Ӹȥ֮˵ļҸÿܺߵļͥ⳥ǳĸˣֱӿ޵˷θЩ˵ŮŮһ㣡һЩ޵ĻģǸߡ
еĴСļǶǧл
鳤϶õ˰
Ĵ䵱ˡ
鳤һ֪飬Ǳַɱˣ
ַӦǧУĻҪ𡭡

磬硭
ɱַһĴ硣
ôˣôϴ簡

׷ϣƵЩ˶Ϸ׷Ӷ޵۾ģȫѪ˿
׷֮λ֮ǰʾҰ
˵ĵ䵱˼Ҿ磬ŹܰһеϣλҿҲܻǷǵİ
˵˵ţ
鳤ϣôܹأ㻹֪飬Ǳ˺ַǶͽı
ǰȻ䵱мǧԶ׻Ƶ۹˭˲֪˭˲ôܹأˣôȥ
ǧҪǶûй㡭

Щʱ򣬸ӣҪӸҪӾʧȥŮĸĸҪ䵱أӷǳأ
еļûһ˹ӡضӵţټϺ֪飬ָЩ˷⳥Щܹ
ԶӺļⲻͣĳ鶯ŭ죬ģûмô޳ܵģġè޺Ӽٴȱֱ쾡£
ʲôأֱȥĵӰã֤죬һƬӾԻϰ˹Ӱۣ˹ӰۼҲҪһү
ҡͷ̾Ҷ֪ԴӰǰűչԺҾ˴ţ䵱һֱ˳ҵĹϡôһ£ҲȥˡԣҾ͵Ÿλ棬ȥŵλãҲǸλһ
仰ôһ仰ͻЩеҥԣ
ҥ˵Ҫţô˼ڶλˣŶˣʲôţ
ЩǷ׷ֹӵĹٶӵҲҪֹңѾ˵ʲôȥôԵô޹ȥˣ
˶ӣ⣡飡
˷ǳİӲţôҪŵλý˭أȻŵѡֻǸʣµѡ
˶ڴӵĴ𰸡
һҪһ£ǰô£ҺǬӳȥɽȥұչصţ֡
˵Ȼᡣ
˶ס˺ܶ˶µʲô
֡Ѿˡ
Ϣһ˵ĵף䵱һȫŵĿӡ
ܣô
ͲģһѾͨ죡ôأ
Ҳţ

һƬֹһƬž䵱Ƕ鱯ʹʵ˵ţжѾʵ
ǬʱŵȷˡǷŵʬףѾѾûˣֻһǼܡ
ӱ˳̾һٹһµʱ䣬һÿļҪʼˡǰļ䣬ǵԴŵݳϯġˡһֱŲϯǶԡˡĲȥ䣬ˡѾŭļٲ֣䵱ͻᱻȡʸ񣡶ҡˡջءӡߴɾͻʧȥǰϣ֮ǡʸ񣡡
ӻһصĿԣ죬Ҵȥ䵱֮λҪһ䵱䵱䵱ߴ֮ףӡǵʦģǾԲʧȥԲû䵱
Ӷף䵱ߴ֮ףʧȥ˼ӡʧȥǰϣ֮ǵʸôߴɾͻûΪɣ
ԣҾѡǵţ
ѡŶǸĳϻѡ٣¼ǳϻҲʧȥ˺ܶ࣬ҥ˵ııΪ˳飬˳ѡ٣ԣҾȫѡ٣ѡٵȨе䵱ӣӣӺλ֮ѡһţ
£ЩӵĵһǶûˣ϶ԩ鳤ˣ˼ҸͲţ
ʱǬӳˡ
ǬӶеӸ鳤䵱¸أһ򵭲ΪֱԶһΪѾ˴ɶ壬ϾҪͻߵĸ߶ȡǬ䵱Ѿʮ꣬ӵΪ˽ⲻűչزڣһֱĬĬŵΪ䵱ǵĸɱ鳤ϵĴ£䵱ҲһǰδеĻԻͣڱһ£鳤Ϻ֪飡鳤֪µʱ򣬵һʱԳͬ³ϺǳѾеͽ͵˼鳤дûУǱ󣡶Ǹͽַ磡
䵱Ȼᴫҥ鳤ϣ䣬䵱Ⱥף鳤ȫʱ̴գ֮λǣ鳤ȴԶͣ鳤δȣػǺεȿ㣡
ǬӶ˶ٵƼ鳤ϼ䵱ţ
ҲƼ鳤ϣ
Ҳǡ
ʱƵ˶һһ˳
ܿ죬ȫӵ֡˶Ӻˣֱӳ˸ưͿ˵ĵطûУ
ʾ˰ʱȻҶҵ䵱ţҲƴˣһ³Ϻǳϵ
ӺװģǬӰеĻעϣȻ˵ȫѡ٣ô˶ѡˣô
ӺӶͬˡ


145 ħ
Ӻӽַ˺ַ˶ǳ𾪡
ַһӹȻ򵥣ɢҥѹû뵽΢ѹһ¾˳һ췴¼˳ˮֱۣţǸߣ
ַҲû뵽Լɢҥ뽫ӻ壬ӷַԼҥԣȫԼ
̾һ䵱ڹһ˶ƭˣѾʽ䵱ţ䵱һȨҪԸӣ䵱ΪУҪԸӣϼѣ
ĪƵĵѾûгԸˣԸͺѣǻһڣϣĶûˡ
δء
Ŷַܣʲô
üƲǲˣԷͷѾѹȥˡôǾҳһѹסˣôȻܽ⣡
ӲΪȻĵѾ䵱ţ˭ѹסⲻû˵ѹסĻ𣿳Ÿ
Ÿţѵô
ַ۾ͻȻһû³ϣ˵һΪѾ磬䵱û˵ϱչصĵطǺɽأ±󣬶ֻŲſƽ⣡˸ȥôôɱŵģΪʮҲɱţҲƲ󷨣һûκε
ԣ˼ֳϵ˼˵Żû
ַ˵ͷ϶û˵ĻΪʲôҪȰŶ֣ΪʲôҪȣΪʲôҪȡɱ֮󣬲ţⲻһֱ˷ʱô
˶˼ţĪƵĪǣͳɱ֮ϣ
֪ˣһԵͻȻЩĵŰǰǸĴ˵ġŽ񹦡ֻɱſƣõɱŸ췴
ַûҲµûĻŲûǱӡڽسѣ⼸һֱ֮λͻȻԼˣأѾȡɱѾõ˿ŵĹԣˣԣȲĶԸĵˣȻϱ
˶ǳĿַ磬Ȼƾһܷô
ĪƵԣڵȡʤǽžȳ
ַ΢ЦͷûֻҪžȳȼ죬ͻȻ֣²ӻʲôأ
ҹƸ£ɽһƬš
·һֱȥǷ£Ҳŵıչ֮ء
˴γֻӺַˡַ˴Ŀľ̽ʵȥ֮Բߡ
䵱أ˿أһС·ڣɽһСֱۡ
ʱ֮ŵıչ֮
һ֮ߵľڣ֮ϣ¡ɷ裬ư磬ഫʱڴڰ֮꣬ǰԴ³Ϊ¡
£һƬƣ˼ɾ
ַߣĿֻ֮ʮ׷Χ
ӵǰаף֮¾ǡžչء
һֱСǰߣɽڶʮ״
ͣ£ǰһˣͻȻַԺ
ôˣַ类Ļһ
Ľһ֮һǳǿĶħ磡

ӼַֹɫأҲǰ
ﱻ˽硣
ӵ˵磿
ûħ磡ַһʦħ磬㿴£
ַͻȻΧ֮ڵַɢ³ϣվԭر𶯣Ľһá
ַӵĽڿն𣬶ŵֵطһɣڼ岢δأȻս֮󣬲Żصԭλá
ͣ
֮һƬ𶯣Χʮ׷Χڵĵ濪ʼѣԶٵ졭
˻˻
һ֮󣬹ѵĵ濪ʼѣһ޴ĺɫâ
âһ֣ռɫ˲ʧһɫâ֮л
ɫԽԽŨӵʱ䣬ռһƬڣֲָ
һɫͻȻǰ
ַâǣûÿһɫͷͷ֮źɫµһƿʱùסǼͷסһҪסϵģһħܳ˾ͻ֣ᷢʱһ֪
ħһ㶣ʲôħ
Ԩħ
͵һ˵޾ԨĶħ
޾Ԩֽ޾ħ
˵֮У޾ԨоʮŲ㣬ס޾ħħǧǰħս֮ʱħĶħȫӡ˸ռʱѷ֮Уռ䱻޾ԨҪͨռ䣬ͱ뾭޾Ԩ
ַ絭ĵ޾Ԩħ磬ﻹжħ
찡֪ħʲôˣֻҪ磬ͻתֱٻԨħ
ַһ磬ֻߣ˵ˣڽ棬ű棡һǽȥͻԶˣǿΧתô꣬ûգҲûԵģûȵģҲˡ
Ҫˣ֮ڣҾԽžȳŲסĻǶ
ƽĵܾȳųƴҲԸ⣡
ã
ڽָʾ֮£ַ翪ʼŸӵӡȻַһɷǳֲĺڰϢǾħ
ڰϢ˳ַ˫еı֮ϣ
ַ罫еһϣȻݺݵĳĳһλ˹ȥ
ƣ
ַλ֮ϣһĹĻһţĻһݺݵ˺һһ죬ܿһ˺ѵĴųǰ
ַӴ󺰣֣
ڿնѵһ˴֮ڣӴ˿Ѿ˽֮ڣâڣͻȻðһצץ˹
Ӳûжܣת£˫֮еݣͷɱȥ
ͷһ˲䣬âֵצ˲ʧ
ӵѾʮצץѪ죡ҧأݺݵĳţ
ַǵѷ˽ȥսȥͷһɣÿһֱֱͦ
һѪȫϺ죬沿ļ⽥
Щߣȥȡţʱ䡭
ֱַԶĶڳ˹ȥ߽ڣַ翴һľġʬ塯
žɡ
ַûֱͣӿˣȥ
ٴμʱȫѾǳһѪҺֱӴëϸѪ˳
ܳħļ˻߸ͷĵطʱһĿĶħצ˻ţǱӵǣƣ
ߣ
Ӹַ˵һ仰
ַѷ֮ѷպϣַ翴ӵ屬һ࣬ħӵЩ⡭
ַ˲ڵ
Ҵô
ַȫƿ󷨣ȫԺ˺˵ľȳţַô
Ļͻ𻵣˵һʱͻ֪ѾƻҲ֪ű˾ߣʱӴַֹһȫû
ֻ̽ʵΪ˶Ŀ˶ݾߣַˣӺλʦֵܣһѹסͷôһ˲
Щ飬֮ǰûô֮࣬Żڡ
ַ֪ħǿַΪӵĹԿһ˵סͷ
ַˡ
Թ޻ڣ˵ģֻҪܾȳţԸԼ
ˣΪţˣ


146 
ַӻȥɱ˿ǵű˲˹ģжǳܡ
Ӱٺú˶Χ˹
ôˣ
ӽŵڴߣΪӼ塣ɫʼѿչ
ùϢ󷨿ԼڵʧŲ޴󰭣赣ġȻЩ˵ĵġʱΪѾһɣͲӵĶ֣
ڵɢȥַ֮罫ʱ˵ˡħ硱ĸʱһַ˵ӵס˶ħַȥˣ˵Ķᵽ˽ڹϡ
ʦأôˣӵЩ
Բ𡭡ַû˵ȥҵĳַô˵
Բ֣ѾˣѾˣ
һץסַ죬ַ߸ߵľ˲䱩ŭ㣬ַ磡㺦ʦ֣
Ҵ磡
ĪƺͺΧ
ַæ¡
ַ֪Ӵ˽ѵһԼԼôϾҲܹԼ˭ҲԤϲᷢ£οַڿЩ˵
Ӳûнַݺᣬַ磡⣡ʦ־Ͳ
㵱ʱɵȥʦҲ
ȥ̽ȥӪţʦҲ£
㣡
˵ţַ类һƳɡ
ŭһᣬַֽһ߷ɣ
ַ˵ģӲɱԼֻǳڶѡ
ףûַ磬;ȲţַҲֻ⣡ֻ޷Լ飡йûˡ
ϣַڴϣĪƸַҩơ

һ㡭
ַνˣǶƤˣȽϿֲѡ

óȻȥˣ϶ᱻӷҧһڣɱڣ
֪Ĺ֮󣬲ûио⣬ĬĬĳһСܵһѾ
ʮ˹ľѾ˳˵ɫ
ӵֱѣӣҪʬΣ
ӵĹ½ǿߵηǿߵƣַݼҲܵ
ָݹɷǵûаװ׵ͷüëһ꼶ʮҵĵʿ
ַԼӳѾƶַݣӱǲַģԼľˣӻǸַһӣַ硣
ַӶ֮󣬿żɽĵţָҲˡ֪Ըӣкο
һȻص̾˳ֳϣҲ֪ϷӡڷûκգȻṩҩܶʱҹָٻָĹǳΪֻܷӳȫʤʱڵİ˳ɹҲǴڰתʵӵΪǴɴԲҵɱɱľŽ񹦵ĿǡҪԸӣûʮİա
˵Щַ統ȻףӵɫȻѾָʹɵӰʱڿ϶л֮ȥ
ټεӶȡ֮λѾĻ䡣
ַ絭Цţţ֪ߴѾڼǰˣ֮źβɰæǲƴǰɡ
ҡҡͷʹˡߴɵ֮Ϊ˶Կ塣˭˭Ҿ﷢һЩĦеĹϵǲ׵ġ䵱ߴ֮ףɰͲ䵱£ǾлΪߴ֮ˡ֪һţһʱͻҪҵôң
ַЦ˼ǣûκκԮˣ
Ҳεĵ˵ͷ
ַףЩλȨصˣ߸ϵʱ򣬱˶Ϸ㣬㣬ģ߾ͻֺܶνѣѵʱЩνġѡᵹ侮ʯ
ֵܣѣЩ˵ֻõĹߣ룡
Ŀǰԣӵˣˣ
߿ε˶ˣ
û˭˭ֻǿʳ

ڣ׻Ƶ۹Ĵͳգ׻ӡ껹а£ұ㿪ʼܹĵĳﻮ׼
䵱ÿĴڶ߶ӣΧڸǸӶæµӭӴһġ䡣
һʮʱ䣬֡üἡɽǡӸ䵱ӭλţ׵İá
Ϧ
ȫ񻶶ȴڡ
䵱ɱӣַֻǼ򵥵ò֮ܵİźļƻϢ
Сè˯ˣַշת࣬ҹߡ
ļĴʱǰҿӵıַף콫һսӽս

ڶһ磬Ӻǰš
䵱ɽԮϡ
һššŵļ棬ֻϽǸߴĳǽߣΰŰȺɽԾ
ϵƻֺ꣬ǧʯ֮䡣ľ߽ģ˵֮ʡ˻ռڽ壬ʹ仯ĻΧ
ѹʱ̧ȥ·Ѿû˾ͷһƬɵ½˵
Ԩ֮죬۹ȥԨɽ֮׳ļƺبǰ
ǾȰɣ⼸ɵľ룬ǵΪǹȥġ
ߴڵһ޼ʵ׷ת
ಡ
˼ͬʱڿնɽȥ
ǧ̨׵ľͷһӵȾʥׯϣÿǰһϲɵĳ޾ľ֮顣
һƬΧŴ󿪣˴ϵ飬֮ȥ
ƽ׵֮ڣһߴ׵֮⣬ٿһ
һְɫľʯɣΧɢŵĹΡ
һλ׷ͯյߣ˫Ŀգ˫Ȼ䣬Ȼڳ˯һ㣬ǻɢһϵϣ˲ӡ
˶ʼߵ˰ݣޱȣһ
֮˻ſڵţӡѾôˣΣӦý˰ɣ
ӵЦͨʦ⻰Ӻ˵𣿼ӡ˭ܣǡˡ˵㣬㣡
ɽηǰһӣûǴĻȥļʱ˵䵱ٲ֣ͽӡ˵һôӣأ
ӵţߴۣ˵һ¡λ֪䵱Ѿչذ꣬ǰãǷѾţұˣ䵱ڵƾ٣ѾΪ䵱š
ԣһһΪʮǰѾ߾磬ô˵أѾ˵˳һǸʵˡ
ŰԵӣȻôӦýӡ
˭˵ˣ
ͻȻһȴſڴ˹
һóӵ
ɫһϢɢ˸Ӱٳ
ַ磬ĪƣӣӺˡ
ӣ벻ɣӿ۵ŭ𣬵ͱ鶼ǳƽ


147 Ž
û˵ǧ㣬ô벻ӻţһԼǰǳԼĶħ磡ǿĽʦ֮⣬޷ƽ⣡
Ӹ벻ǣַ˻ţԭԼƱ˵ʱ򣬱ҲԼӵȷǵ͹ַˡ
ӣ㽫춴꣡в߻ɱڸ³ϣְвӺӵһֿ䵱
ӣôҰ㵱ֵһ㣡εˣҺһһ𳤴ȫ˱ңӲᣡû뵽ᱳң
Ӵһ֪
ӲȻĺ֮˼ֻţܿƽһЦ

ӴŭͷЦʲô
ӣӴȵǵģûСһ𳤴ʴӱѧʲô죬ʲôȲ㣡Сʦ㣬㣡ʲôõĶ㣡֮λ㣡㷸ˣʦ㣬أҷһСͻᱻʦǵʮ꣬Һ͵ܵɽħޣΪ˾㣬㶼ˣȴԼʦǵʱ˵ҵ⣡ûΪʦҵʱȴվһû飡Ҽǵ㵱ʱ񣡡
֮ɢһɱ˵ĺ⡣
˵ҵֵܣ˵εˣôʮ˵ĹĹ䵱ֻ֪ԼΪ䵱еﶼ̸Ҵʮ䵱ôҵĹ֮ô
ӣҵŬ䵱ķչϣﵽǰδеĸ߶ȣҵŬõӡΪߴ֮ףҵŬõܶҩ͡Ž񹦡һбҵģȫ㣡
ҵĺʦ֣Ҷ㣡
ҵĺʦ֣ʲôûУ㲻Ҫ˵ңţߣȫң
ӣ˵ұ㣬䵱ûУֻûҵĶѣ
Խ˵Խӷŭ񽥽Ȼ
ʦܣҶ֪Сʱʦ㣬ѵ㣬ΪӣʦȫΪĥ㣡ǴҺȥħ޵£ʱҲûΪˡҸ㣬ʦʱѵʱôܣʦиҴҲҪ飡˵ѵΪĥ㣡ʦһжΪ㣡𣿶Ϊĥľ
Դʦ֮䵱ţ˳ϣڶ̶̵֮磡ұչΪ䵱ҼѹȺۣ䵱ߴ֮ţ䵱ǰһеȨ㣡Ҿһ̫ϳһ£㲻ôźô㲻ñ䵱ɱͬţ÷´
һЦ
ôӣôĥҵľҸ㣬ӵ磡ҵľܱȵӣҪΪˣɱңҸ㣡Ѿɱվڣ
Ӵȡӣʦֵһ־ܣҾͷһ·ִԲֻ·һ
ЦӣŻ춴꣡ΪѾڳôҵĶ𣿻ǼСɫҵĶ֣
ſ䵱ңдϲֻҪ䵱£ؼʱ䵽ˣһиˣô䵱ûлӵмӡˣ
ȫһֿϷ̬ȴʲô
ӿҪ֣ѵҪ˵ǰǶ˵Ĵ󲻾˵ʱѾ쵽ˣˣûУ
ˣľˣ˳ҵĴӵĴ
ŭȣ޿ɾҩ
ͨʦʱӣ䵱ڲҲ֣Ҫ֣뵽ȥľˣ˷ŭĺߴǳеġ
Ҳףֻһʱѡ
ãӣһ°ɣ
֮⣬ӺңңϵͽȻܵ˵֮һһĲ˰Զɢȥ
ֻԶԶĹۿ
ӣҺ֮սĶԹͺ
ãӣȻ飬ݹ壡죬Ҿ͵ŵ棬
ӣˣ֮λҵģھ㳢ɱɣ
ӳָ֣죬ų趯һ㣬һ޴ͼճ֡
ʽķͼΧĿռһĲ򲨶·һǿ֮ͼ֮ڣͼ֮Ȼһ޿ƥе޾Ľɽһȥ
ԶַȻͬǽ̰ǹ£Լʹ룬һһĽӣö޻֮һһĽֱƵǣնɱ
ӵɱȫֱһǳɣһǳɣӵ͵ַʮַǽİٱֹ
ѵΪĲ죡ַĿڴԼǽӱԼСӴһ㣡
Ž񹦣
һȣ
Ȼ֪ǽǾŽ񹦵ĿǣǾŽӵľУʱӵΪͱӵһ㣬ʹÿֲɱֻþŽ񹦵ֵ
Ӹ֪ɱôƾŽ񹦣
ͬڳ˶ڴٴιۿ־սԼкôֳĽ̿飡
һأȫһֲּƣ
ಣ
һѳУ֮â䣬˸оһǳռ䡣
˭Ҳû뵽ӵǽû˿ýŶǵãǴģ
ӵĽҲ֮һ㣬һǳ֮ŵ趯ٵת˾֮
ӱһӣһмʤɣŽ񹦡תǬ
һɿ񱩶͵ӾŸǳ֮бӴһӵķϯȥ
Ӵһ˲䣬ռƺ̣еڳ˵˼һɲǼͣͣһ룬еĿմ˽ֵĳء
ڷſռͣ͵˲䣬ַͻȻоʲôĬĬĻǽʽʽ»ǡ
ֻ򷽲ſռͣһ㣬ֻͣһʱַƺ֪˵ʽţֺЩģ˿̾һֽһһͱƣַȴҲֽ
ɱ;ŽͬһԴ߶ʧĹ似ߵƺͬһԴǳ֮
䣡
һ໥ײܵıըƵƵ֮ǰڵĻľֵʱһƬ桭
һը֮Ӱһ֮з׿ңң
ңؿһƬѪȻ˲ˣֻɫЩ԰ף
ӴЦɱˣƽⲻҵľŽ񹦣ڷ꣬½һУѱɱ
ȻֻһУùս֮˸в
˷ŵĹ֮жǳȻֻһǳ֮ս˱սԻᱻǳ֮飡
ЦôɱУֻǵһûѣͱʹ˾תǬûΪûеԿɱңǣû죬ˣ䵱ӵģӵģ
ӴŭӣǴ
˵꣬ȳ֣飬Ǻһ


148 ֮
ʲôӴ󾪣ֻǵþת񹦵һǾתǬһеҪԽתǬ
֮ʱ־Ű㼯ɵľ޽޽žŹһڿѸγһޱȵľŽͼŰѾ޽ӴŸսһΡΡͦ
ʲô󣿽ɵĽųɵļӱ
ǽ
ӴһףֻɱſƽŽ񹦣ʱӿſеĽУ
ʹõǾŽһ㡪飡һӺڱǰãǼһеˣˡ
ɱٴʹεȸղŸӾ޴ͼ֮еľŸǳɱƻûƻһǳͻֺϹγͼ
֮ϵľŽͼƺ޵ƾӵĹжǿ󣬶ƲŽͼ
ơ𣡡
ĿյڷǿľУŽͼ֮ڵţŻ֮˹ȥ
ս˸оռеһݻƬСأ׷׺ˣȫĵطתơ
䡭
һըɽɽĲʮһ㣬Բ֮ڵκﶼǿݻٵʣ
ӡ
Ҫɱ֮ʱһԲɫɫӡУӡʱ޵ɫâγһתĹĻ󺣲һ㣬ϵɫâȥ
ӣȥɣӡҲҪ֮أ
ӡӵ޵ɱ֮ߴŶΪ֮ףӵмӡ
ôĵİѼӡ㣬ѵҾûзԸô
ӹȻк֣
ӵĿĬŸӵַЩһεֱӴӵķӿ˹ȥ
ӡֲƺʼѣɢʧٶȲǺܿ죬ǺԣʱȫԽӡȫݻ٣
ӣñɣȥɣ
ӽޣɫ糱ˮһǵصӳ˹ȥ
ԣʹƻӡĹٶȸϲӵĹٶȡ
Ķɣһ̶ţһıը
ּĸֹУַͿȻַСʱ򡯵츳ܣҲԾʽģ˫ֹ̫ˡ
ʮʱ䣬˫λѾת˼ʮΣĽӷλӺӷĺŶԷ˵ӴڽɢӲǹٶȻĿƶϲӣ
ӵԽԽǿӵԽԽ
ȫΪϵĲ죡
Ϊƾ⾳Ϊźʱƽ֣ǣ˶ĳӳŲ˶õġ
ӣڵˣ
ӵĻ䣬֮еͻȻǣһ޿ƥеɱӡ
ӣΪûдﵽͲ֪⾳ɣ
ƺԤϵк֣Ҳɱں档
֮
ӵͷһɫڣת֮䣬ӵȫ˲˼
ռŽɫĹâӵӰɫû
ӾȻѡȼԼԼĶʱڣ
ӵ˺ܴ󣬵ȫԻܻɱӣ
ӣҿʲô̫
̫䵱ʦں̫ͼޱȣ˿̣ԴﵽӣֻǴɾԲֿܵģ
֮֮ʲôã
һЦ֮ӰģӵַΧȫʧ
ô˶ˣӵϢȫʧռ䶼׽ӵϢ
ǿĽȫգӴػ˵֮ϣ汻ƻ֧飬ǧ֡

ӵһ΢Ŀռ䲨
ԶӼ״һӵķ˹ȥ
ͻȻһӰͻأĳӵı󡭡
Сģ
͵һѡٶ۲ɼٶӳȥ
ӵĳҪӵؿ֮ʱӵ嵲ӵĸǰ
һѳӴֱӴ͸ӵؿڣţӵڱը
͵һתһƴӵؿڣɫֱӽӵؿڴ˸Ѫߵķһ㣬Զ
ǳϡ
˼æ˹ӵƣŭ죬޲ýʬΡ
ӡѡ
ţһҪӣס䵱Բסˣһˡ
˵һ仰Ѫ
ӵ˫ŭĿ

ӲδأǿùסԼƣҡҡ׹ĿԶӡ
ǿȼԼΪǿ֮뽫նɱǣû뵽ӻǿļܣȻԼߵϢʧӰ٣Ȼһ
Ϊ˾ˣʲôȥӣ
˿̵ӼĵӵۿɼĿٵ˻
Ӻɫͷͺڼӵʱڱɰ׻һƬϵ̸һ㡣
ӣֻ֮һΰɣùĻֻ·һںһûʲô𣡹䵱ҵģ
͵һڻָơΪڻڵĻţ
ַ磬һжˣһˡ˾ͽͻȻתͷַ˵ôһ䡣
ַüͷ΢壬˾ͽɨ󵭵ĵȷҪô
ǰһսⰻȻĵҲҪ͵սǲɱӣۿɱӣЩź
ַ絭Цţôȷɱӣ
˾ͽڵַ磬Īƣӿʼʶ˵ʱҾ;͸ǣκ鶼ǳ侲ƽûаɱӵĻԲΪǶǴˣôɵ£ַ磬ɱƵѵɱһȻϣһ㶼ɱӣҵֱңһܣ
ַͷ˵û䵱ѾӿƣǰԸӣ䵱չҲȫû䣬ֻһǳȥӵûᣡʵտʼǾ֣һսӺӵսԼȥǲûв֣ڿǲֲˡǣΪҪѡ
ַ翪ʼɪˣַûɱĻǲ˵Ļַɱˣַаɱӣ
һԵַĻΪԼĶˣǿַĪƺͺŵ֮ʱȻˣ̲סһ
ʱΪ˰ʦ踺ô꣬ΪǱߣô໵£ɱô޹ˣѾĺûʲôˣǷµӦеֻǻǵ
˶Ӻ֮ǣ˿һ


149 ǽVSɱ
ӣһУ
һӵķ˹ȥ
˾ͽڶһۣɱ˹ȥ
ȥ
ĺһû˿취
ԪڵСϺףҪҾͳȫǣ
ȻˣҪɱˣ׾֮¡
ʦˡĻ䣬һжûе£ͱնͷ­
ʦʦʦܣˡ
ֵܺ޹ˣ˾ͽˡ
ͬ˾ͽںӵĽ¡
óĨϵѪЦʣ⼸СϺˣȥѰɣǧһɱǿҲǵң
׼ɱɱַˡ
ʱĶĪƵܣ
ĪƵȷҪ
ܣҲУϡ
Īôϣ
ԸһССĴɾˣõ𡭡
ַ˵ĶԻεĳ嶯⵽״ʵܰ
Ļģײĳ嶯˵ʲôˣ
ʱַԺҲĪƺͺҲ˷ӡǷǳǿĸַӡġ
Ϊʲôֻǲ²⣿ѵҲ
ڵΪҲߣӡЩ̫ǿҵĸӦΧôҿ϶Ӧ
Īƺͺַ翴ĳ˲ôǿ˷
Ҫˣ
磿㣿
ǰɣ磬ô
ҿ϶УĪƣĽһ¡
ַ絭һЦǵĴ磬Уܲô
ĪƺͺȻ˵У÷ӡԼĴأѵҲУ
ַзӡַԼԸӣ
ӿȥˣоЩЦĵˣһϰɡ
ַǰĪƵĽ
ĪƵĽֻͨһѼ򵥵ĳ
ǵַѽʱеıһĲһֿ־ĺЩ˷ܵĲ
ѽַ紫ŸлϢֺҵĸо
˿ַ̣Īɫˢһ±ˣޱȵ˷ܺͼ
Ѫħˣ
Ѫħ˯ǧ꣬뾡ǧټƣ޷ʹѪħѣַõ֣Ѫħˡ
˯һǧѪħˣĪзźţ޲סַһڡ
ַ絭Ŀӣӣ˵ǧһɱˣǿЦ
Ц
ϻɱУֻУôɣ
ӱɱȷУǽֻ֮УУɣϻ˵ɣ
ʹɱַ˹
ɱ򣡡
֮
ǽ
ַΪģʮ׷Բ˲䱻һ㱡ѪƣţһǿĺڰϢַϱը㱬˳
ַͷϵһѪɫ˫֮ޣס
ַеѪħƺӦַϢһȸԾĻУһ̣ѪħͨѪ죡
ӵĽѳоַϱһֲֿϢȻǿ󣬵ֻԪڵľ磬Լûʲôв
ǵӳַʮ׷ΧڣͻȻоһѹ̩ɽѹԼ˹Լеֱӽɣ
ô£ʲôĹ
˿ݲӶ룬ӿ˸ֲһĻ
ַĳƣԼһģһ
ʹõҲɱ
ܣд󾪣ַƿɱȡɱסкķԣôô̵ʱɣ
ɣҲҵĶ֣ӰοһԼһѾַʮ׷Χ
ַӵĶһģһ
Уַɱ֮ڶԺţ
ַоѪħԼĽзĳƺַַͨоѪħʹǽǽ
ĪƵΪʲôԼȻ˿ַ粢ûʱЩ
ַӽжһַ˺˺
ַ羹ȻӴ˸ƽ֣
ս˶۾ⲻ˼һĻ
ӣ㿴ʲôɱ
ַĵڶͬڶ
˶Ժִ֮˸ƽַ֣Ӹ
ţͬʱ˵ڵշַ꣬ŲǲƵ࣬ĽǿƵɱ˳ȥ
һʲôоַĲɱĹ·ȫһĽϣ
ѵɱﻹһײַ˽ˣ
ЩֲǻõĽӲסַĵĽĽַ֮粢ûˣ岽ֻоѪӿùǿѹƲַ
ַ粻κδϢĻᣬ彣͵ϯȥ
ӷǳıоԼÿһУߵĺɫͻѹԼĹͽѹƵ˺ַĹͬһΣ
뿪һƬˣַͽӣɱȻҲַȥ˵ɱ͸ôӲַɱ
⵽ô£
ѾǣѹɱƴսܣӷǳԼȫǿȴѹʩչЩĺɫһַܻ磡
룬ɱǳСʹһΣʹڶô
ʶʶɱ߽
Ҫ֮ʱֻ֮гһޱȾ޴ĹǧɫĹ⽣ŹԼ˹
ѵɱĵ߽
һɲǼƺʲôûκʱȥ˼ͱǧѹ⽣û
䣡һҵıըΪģԲڵĵ濪ʼݣӵӰӴͺը֮û˵صס
ɢȥ֮˷վĵطһ޴ӣʮ֮ڣȫɽʯȻѾѹ˵¡
ܿ죬һлָƽΧ
ս˿ֲĽսֳļ²ѡ
Ҳк£ǱӺһ󣬳ʰо֣һٽ䵱壡
ʼʱ˼һ䵱ѹô꣬Ƽӡ˻ȥӣǴʱ
ɱӣ䵱Ѿʣ䵱ӣ˭ţ䵱ڼڶߴɵף
ǣɱһַ磡
ַ羹Ȼɱӣ
ʼʱŸûнַڣŷ֣Ҫ䵱ҪɱӣһҪַ磡
ɱһˣ׾٣ǴʱŵȴоЩ̤ʵ
˵Ŀͬʱַ磬ַĿҲš
⣡ַоŵɱͬʱ֣Լ㲻ҲһƤ
ȻҪ֣ûͷڼʱ仹һʱһʱҪӵȫɱܵһˣô롣
ŬһĿĴλŵɨôλֵܵĺֵܣɱɱҾǸûᣡ
ӡ⡯š
Ų˵ĿƮĿš
˵ܿͳһԵͷͽȻ׼ӵһɱ
ʱĪƺͺ˳ǰվַߡ
ַߵ˶׼ַ緢ֺĪƷǳƽһսǳаա
ؼʱ̣һ𶯣еĿתӵĴ֮С
䣡
һըѣһӰ𣬾վڼʮϵĸ߿֮С


150 ֮
˺ڷ޷Ʈü룬ֳһ׶೤ĺɫħȣħѪɫıʯɢſֲѪ⡣ӣ˿̵ӣеѾָ
ӣ
˾ڡ
ַͻȻҲףԭ춴¡ħ硯˲ˣԼ
ɢĿֲħʧɫռһӱĻϵĽסƺҹͻȻ֮һ㣻ӵ˫γתĺɫУƺҪһɣ
ͻȻо˿̵ӣԼȫʤʱڣҲǶ֣
Ǳҵġ
ӵǳ䣬Ԩ
ַ翴Цӣԭڷ²¡ħ硯㣬û뵽䵱ǸϣžȻһа鷨ʦ
Щȣַ磬ѵȳģ
ûַָƣὥ꣬Ҳһ翵飬ʧϣֻܻһСʱˣһСʱ֮ͻҷ𣡡
£ڶݣСӣ㵽ʲôˣǸߵȵ鷨ʦ鷨ʦܣô֪Щ
ȻЩܵĽַġ
ַ絭Цţӣ֪Ϊ飬֮ͻԶʧ֣껹ȥȥ˵ĵطΪˣ
ô֮󶼻ữΪޣʲôΪˣں˵˵ɣҸ㣬ȻֻһСʱɱ㹻ˣһٻԨĶħȫ˺
֮ħٻ
֮е󳤵ǵ⶯ռһ󲻹Ĳ֮󲨶ԽԽ֮һĿռ˺ѵ˵Ķ𣬿ռ䲨ĵطһ˫˫޴צ˺ѡ
ɰǧԨħѷ˳ӵʱ䣬ǰ棬Ѿǧħ
ЩħǳĳªżȵĶȺ˫ۣ޴壬צӣҪǣЩħսǳǿһ׶ߵʯͷһƾķɣ
ħ˻ţһɱаϢռš
Ŷħıƽַ˺ŷǳĬĿ£һ𣬱׼һһطͻΧ
ѾŵĲɫѪɫĲҰףѾһսûУ
ĪɫأҲûм֣ħǻôĶħͬʱ֣ⲻɱֱѣЩħ˳ȥŵ˵䵱ᱻΪƽأ
˿̵ַҲ־岻ѣôħҲֻ·һ
ܿ죬ǰʮħ˹ͬʱ֣һٽʮħնɱħȫҺ壬һŻ
ɱʮħаħ˻ų˹
Ȼ˵ħսֻңƾǿͲɼ϶ҧ˶
ŲǴڸ֣ÿһ־һƬĶħһѶѸõҺ壡ɱĶ࣬ĸ࣬ħ糱ˮһӿ˹
ģЩħ֮гԪھĶħæңÿɱԪڵĶħžϰ϶ħһצ
һѹѾٸħնɱҲˣǱ˿ųˮһĶħг׵ľˡ
ַͺߣƺħķǳ٣ٵĿֻɢļħĪƣûжħַ磡Щħŭַ֮󣬾תͷǱ˹ȥ
һַƲѣͬҲƲѣѵһЩħݹϵ
ַܵ飬Щĵ޾ԨһΧĶħЩ
ַһ࣬һףЩħǸͶԸˣ֮ܿס
ѵûз֣ǲû𣿣
ַҲ֣Щħ糱ˮһַΧ˹ǻš
״Ϊʲôң
㲻ҪˣħټݺľħǸô
ַͻȻˣɱڰʹ֮ǰַ˵ԼһеĺڰԹߣڰʹ˵ֻһ˶кڰԹߣǾǡħ֮ħ
ˣѪѾҽͷѪסǧҪͷŵ̫࣬һ͹ҲƲˣԼһҪƺã
ԭڶħһֵʱ򣬽ͷ˾ţַ֮ڵѪɡ
ַоһޱϤϢԼȽȽ֮󻺻ɢԼ֫ٺϣһɾµϢַϱռӶȥ
ֻһϢһƣַоϢԼģԼһ㣡⵽ôأԼôֻߵϢֺڰ䣬Ϊϵĸо
ַϵϢһеĶħһ˲һȫֹͣ˹ˮһȥ
˶˼ĿһĻ׷ʲô¡ַϢȫѹƶħǶ࣬ûʲôЧȻܲ
˿ƵľӣԼе֮ٻԨħڶʱȫЩħЩħָɱǰˣ
Щħǵ̶ħȫĽӵָɱڵַ˹ȥ˫ɱڿϷʱȴֺжħԹԵĴַ˵ʮ׷Χ⣬ǰ
еĶħͷܶħڵϡ
ͷǺмЩħ޷Ӧ
ˣܣ
״
һһε´ָЩħȫӵ

ַͻȻЦ
ЦʲôӿַЦͻȻǳ飬ͻȻ뷨ѵĹ
ַĵӣ㲻ٻħɱΪʲôҿЩħԱһЩħ񲢲ָӣ
ӷĬһѪħķֶȥ
жħѪĸ֮һɧַ˰Χȥ
ַ״Ȼһ˹˹ŹŹ˿
ЩħַĴ֮ͻȻת˷ÿħһ˷ܵı˻ţһѷӵķӿȥ
ôô
֪ΪʲôԼٻĶħ˵Լ
һҵ˻Уӱħ˺Ƭ
ӱ䵱ı꣬չһ֮أ
ԺЩħʲôһ㣬ͬһطӿȥ
֮вһ޴ѷ֣ħ糱ˮһȥ
ħ֮죬ȥ֮Ҳ죬һָֻƽ𷽲ŵһУԵǻһ㣬ȫ¡
˶ĳһɾ겻
ħ֮ոߣźַӪѸٷֿ
ʱ֮жЩֵĶַˡ
ղŻɱַˣ𷽲ַЩħʱŵĶһַָЩħɱˣͱ˺Ƭ
ַ翴Щرܵţĵʵһ㣬Ǽ佫Ҳɱǣ
һŭŭַ磬ûлַĻʱĸԱһ㡣
ַȷɱţΪŷŶַ綯ɱ⣡Ҳ뽫ַɱ⣡Ǵ˿ַܲ粻˵ϾҪʼ˭Ҳƻ˼䣬ˡ˭Ҳ
ַԱߣֱӿˡָ򡯣ͻȻоһϢϢֱԼڡ
Ӿһ񣬳ַͷʾл⡣
תŹڶ̶̵ʮڣͻָɡ
ӿŸӵ˫ơ
ԶһƬ֮УһɫĹ⻷ץС
ŵĿ̰ĿĹ
ӡ
˿̣ӵĹѾָЩòЩ֮⣬ûʲôס
֪Ѿûлˡ
Ӻַ߽˼Ž
ţߴ֮⣬ǲܽġ
ǰţǧˡƶĹء
ؿɲܴƣ˹ǿɳе𡭡
һһȰ˵Ӳַ˽ȥ
Ҳַ֪˾ԼַҪȥģô˼ַߣôӿ϶
һ˹һ˳е
˵꣬Ӳˣǰȥ
ſ溮˪ַ磬Ҷԡ
һƬƬ֮ռ䡣ĸֱ׵ĸסıԵ
룬һߴ׵ΡȻһְɫľʯɣΧɢŵĹΡ
˫żӡ𣬽ӡͷ¡
һӹӶ񣬵ͷĿһʽ֮һʱ쿪ʼ


151 ԭ
ӡɢޱȶĿɫâɫĹâ糱ˮһͷɢ˷ɢȥ
ţһɾɫӼӡֱ֮֮
ʮ׸ߵ޴ɫˮһֹĹĻڼӡĻʱͻȻȫʧȫɫĹĻա
ӡĹĻڼڻûһâһռŤΣ
һ̣ߴǰһͶӰͶӰʼһȼյɫ棬ߴŵ֮£ɫ潥ĻûΡ
ַ翴һ͸˳˵ǰһ磬沿ϴɼЩӢĿ֮бޱȣڳЩӣ
䵱Ӱݼˣ
ֺͨݼˣ

ַǳľ㵣оǰӰһ壡ǴйԵ壡Ǵʶ壡һˣ
ֳַԺǳĴͣ󣬴һռ䴫ʶôǸ˵̶ܴܵȵˣ
ַʵǻô
ȫʧʶɰ׳գ
ڿˣãܺãǰҪĶ׼𣿣
˵ǳ䣬ҴһɾѹߴŶ̧ͷֱˡ
Цɡ
ֻߴÿ˶ժԼеĿռָˣ˽ӹռָ󣬽ָʧ
˭˽ڷſڴַˡ
ӣ
ͬ˵룬£˹ôе
ӣȥɱˣ
˲ʣֱնɱ
ΪѣַĪƺͺֵܣַԼԼôȥɱĪأһ˵Լܴù
ӵ˴ˣλо֮ջسˡǣҪɱɱӣ
˵ɫһ뷢ŭ˵Ŀ֮Īϡ
˿Ī֮ʱг޵ľ֣ʶĺ˼ˤڵء
ߴҲһ㣬תͷԶĪơ
ĪƶЦţʲô˵
ͨʦһĻĪŭĪƣ㾹Ҷ
˿̣ߴŶŭĪƣҪĪƻһ㡣
ĪЦ˹Ŀ⵭Ŀˡ
˿ĪƵЦһ飬ϴһʹ࣬ĵĪ٣ˣ㲻ҪҺòãһ·ɡ
ԣԵڵأ⡭Ҳ̫Ϸ绯˰ɣ
߸ϵˣȻһ쾳綼ûе꣬
ߴһɵˣոջ߸ϵˣôڳ
ĪƵʲôˣ
ĪƿˣЩϷʵĵÿ˶һЩ˰ЩЩ£㣬ʮˣǸʲôѽð񣿻Ҫȥݻ᣿ҪҪ
ʮЩĵĪ٣Ҳ밡ҴʱմʱͿЩ˾Ͷҳݣֶ֮ôҲֻ֪һССûܹĴǶҳݣҵȻҪˬһѡ
εǣһڵĹҺ𣿷ɣҿܾˣҲҵļ£㻹ǷŹҰɡ
״
˺ͺ֮⣬˴Զ·ˣʲô״
ĪŭʮˣһҲҵͷ֮ޣȥɣ
ĪҪַ֣סĪƣܣˣ˵ԼûˣҲΪҲΪļ룬ͷɡ
ߣ˰ӹĪƷǳķŭ
˻ʮ˲˵ǳߴźǵĶ
˵ţ֮г߸ռָߴŵǰ
ʮôһߴŲŴӶ·֮˹
һȥʮ˶Ӵš
ӲҵŸӵķģͷӡಡһȥйâţâҲʧȥйâʮ˵Ӱ𽥵ģţʧ
ʮʧ֮ȡ˼ӡߴȲ˵ϵĿռָһľϲͼȻռָвٱ
ַ֮ߴǰַʵλţ䵽ô£
ӵÿңߴɾ˷˵֮˻ᵽһռ䣬һռҪռѶȷǳĴ󣬵ǷʦŶʱ޿̵Ĺǣԣÿһ꣬Ҫߴ֮оһμ䣬һռʦǻͨ󷨺ħͶǵ磬Ǵܶ౦ŴҶˣ˷Ÿһһռָָ涼ǱҲÿҲռҪĲϣЩ϶һЩзǳͨĲϡÿ꣬ǶύһΣѾǧꡣ
źͨʦǵʦһֱھǣٶǰߴɺһսһսǳĲңߴ֮ʣǵʦ֣һٻ壬ߴˮ֮С
ͨ˵תͷĪƣλĪƺЩϵ
ĪЦЩϵǰ˵ûǵʦûǣһռ˵ҪЩŽǣǳĶࣻһռȱٵϵĳЩͨϣȱٵһռĲϣԲŻֽ
ӵĪĪһռˣ
Īûзϣǡ
ĪҲûҲûıҪʱ˵ԼһռǡôԼĵλҶԺ롮ϣ֮ǡҲкܴá
ߴͲ³ʲôֻǱŻɵ״̬Ī׿ڳϣж첻ѡʱ󱳶亹գ滹ɱ⼸ˣɱˣôе
ĪƼһռ˰ǵļΪ˰ǿе˶һЩ̵ˣЩ˴󷨴͹ֻ꣬ʹͲִ̫ͣ󣬶Щ˻ȥ֮󣬾ͻһԣ´εļ䣬ǾͲҪˣֱӺͺãǲˣʲôġ
ߴŻȻԭЩ˶ǷЩֻ˰ģߴÿ궼Щ˹ݣҵӣɫһ࣬һס
ʲô齵ʲô˻ع飡ĶЦֲÿ˶ĲһΪͨأ
Ѿͨɽ
Ծʱİ£ַ翴ǬŰ䵱±ߵȺ
Ǭӵһ۾ͿӺַˣɫͱ䣬أ
ôţַôš
ǷѾʲôˣӿ϶ˣ
ô
ӵĿǬӵɨִЩɨ֣ĵӣڸĶ塢Ϸ塢ϣܹܣǸļܹܣЩ˶ӿˣ
ɱЩˣ޲ЩȥǣֲɱӣɱЩ˵Ļ䵱ĸֻͱɱˣ䵱ضң
䵱ңôɾͻлɳˣ
Щ˱ţֻµȵʱһһĽЩˣ
ӵĵǬӣӭӱ𣿡
ǬӶͷ϶ĺֱȥֻǶһˣǬӻɱԱߵŻŰͲ䵱ҳһأԻֽ䵱Ӣȫɱ
ǬֻܷŹԼˣǣǣ䵱Сµӭŵģ
˷׷ʩӭżϣ
Ǭӣˣĺܺáڸһ£żʱ򣬷һ⣬飬£λΪ˾ңѾɣ׼£
ǣţ
Уº䵱ȫһδᣬͨȥ
ǣţ
ɵŰͲӺǬӶ֣ȴŹǬӡ


152 䵱
ΪӣӺλϳϿ׷ᣬ䵱еӳϯַ纮ĪλҲڳ
ԶΪ˿Ĺᡣ
Ǵѩû䵱ϲļڣȴһƬ
߲֪֮⣬䵱ǧӶΪλΪ䵱ΪӺ߿޵ࡣ
ӲûбҪҿӵıûнеΪûǸҪһӵ⣬Ѿˣʱ˵ӵı˭ţڶȻ£ЩȷΪ䵱˺ܶ£νͿ๦ߣټӵʦܣ䵱ĹأҶҲ֮¡
֮ӷʮЩӵıҪȫܿգڵ֮ѡ˼֮
ڶ̶̵İʱڣӵıĲ߽⣬ڼҪͷĿǬӣѾȫܿաǬӵĲֵҲ˼
ҲǬȫǱգԣҲûɱǬӣֻʮ꣬˼
ڸ󶫷塢Ϸ塢λϣȻ⼸ΪҲûʲô캦Ĵ£ֻǸһЩ棬λϵĸӺԥȫɱȫӵˣ
֪Щǲɱɱˣ䵱ܶΧͻ̱䵱ʧܴ
һشľַ硢ĪΪǸĳϣҪһЩ͵ı룬˲ǳˣЩ϶òֵģԾֱǸϡ
һкܴĺôɵַ֪䵱Ǹ֮󣬿϶ҲҶ䵱ͼӡп֮ġ
ڶ䵱ǸĴϣˣһڣ˲Žȱַӷǳİġ
ַ纮ĪҲûоܾӡҲףַҲ᳤õĴ䵱ʱǲ뿪ġ
Ȼַ˵ĳ֮ʵΪԼ⣬¸ûһӡ


ַֻԻ䵱ΪѰҾŽڽڶڣ
Īƽ־ȳ֮Īλʦ䵱ֵƢǳŹ֣Ҳ䵱ЩţΪ飬뿪䵱Īƺͺ䵱ַҲ֪ΪλҪ䵱
е֪ӽַ˷ΪǸ֮󣬶Ծѡ
Ϣʮһ䵱Щĸ߲󵨽ӣһֱӷͨ棬Щ֮ˡ
еĵӶΪַ̫ˣͲʺ֮λǸϣһǳ䵱䵱꣬Ϊɻ´֮űڳְ֮λˣôһ죡
ĽʺްеӶŭԡǸͲӵ࣬ôΪ䵱
ʱ䣬ӳУɱɱ÷ķýĽѾȫĿ䵱ƣһн죡
һж֮ӽַ׼úõĽַһ
ֳϣΣҾͲ˵ˣʲôҪ󣬾ᣬ˲ϲǷ˵飬һ
ַŲ裬ĵֻҪΪ¡
Ŷ˵
һָʦ䵱ĵλʦ䵱ͽʮˣһжݺģ
֪
ַζƿƵģʲô㶼֪
ǵģ֪
վһʦΪѾ쳬Խң䵱ճ죬֪ݺʦûйܣΪҲѹʦΪʦĴڻӰ쵽ҵĵλϣףһֶΣҽܸ˵ЩΪȹҵ
ַŭݺʦڵ䵱ſʦɣӣ
ַ綯ɱ⡣
ӿַ磬̾һ㻹СЩǲ׵ģλã쵣ԼıȥвҵˣûвңһǻģһֹɣҪɾԼҪһеǱвַ磬һѧţ䵱ӣôҲ㣡㲻ǣ֪Ҫ뿪ģԣҲŸǳߵȨ͵λΪٸߵȨ͵λ㶼вң
ӸַһУַ練ûɱ⣬ͻȻݼԼ˵ĻҪԼҪű˵ʬ߹ֻҪвԼˣ͵סԼ·ˣһ֣ɱ
Ӽʦôᣬ䵱֮λԶûгͷ֮գÿ춼һչؾǼ꣬Ǹ޷Խʦǲҵĸܵģ
ַͨʲôף㲻ʧȥһŬĶָоףǳʹ࣬ǣҲԭ㣡
ַǰСĿǿŵٴѧʧȥʱ̣ηֵʱַ̣绹¡Ȼͬʧȥ
ݺԼʦӣӣӣַԥĺӿս
ӵҴӦ㣬ʦ䵱ʦҪ֮λһԥøʦ
Ϊʲô
ӵһΨһԲ˾ʦ
˿̵ַԭµӡ
ַ粻һѪˣ෴ַһױҶˡ
ַõƭԼƭԼĻͲ˵ĥӺܶˣлصˡ
ڶҪҪ䵱ĶҩκҩΪṩַ˵ڶҪ
ӻΪַҪʲôΪҪû뵽ô򵥣û⣬ǸĳϣԺҩ͹㣬ҪʲôԼȥúˡ
ַô󷽣ֱ崺뱧סڡ
ߺߣʦҾͰ䵱գ
ַ֪粻һ̰ĵˣö٣Ͳַ֪䵱ա
ַõƹܶҩƺӸǣһ˳ȥ
ַСè˶ʽƹȻ˴ҡĿıַ۶ġ
ַ˵ͿСèһԻַʱʱ䣬ȫʣ
ַ֮СèҩСèӵҩɫǿŮȥ
СèЩҩҲûãԼŭţֱ˹ȥ
СèΪҩ㡰
ַ˰ѷˡȻҩҩ඼ϳɣõҩӾԲڶҩġ


ҩֻҪҩͺãַˣͿֱҩΪַƺͻָƣ˵ֻҪַҵڶڽġռ䡯ͿԿͿڡռ䡯͵ҩ
ӵַ֪罫ҩϴ֮Ѫ䵱ʦҩʦŴҩƷôַȫûˡ
ϵӣӵ֪Լԩѩĵ׶ĻѹʯͷڷӾܾӵ룬Ӳʲô䵱ţΪûҪ
Ӿͳɽַ֪ʦĸ׶ֵˣǲϲȷѪֻ꣬Űֵӡ
ַͻȻûǰĸһƽӣȻƽӹµһƽ棬ǿ֣Ҹ
ڣַ粻˳ҪݼҪҵԼĸҪҪ壡
֮󣬴ʮ壬䵱ٿȫᡣ
Ƿ֮ϣ䵱鲼ɽ塣
ϯ̨ϣһոµĵں죬˾ӣݹ£ڵõˡ͵ŵر£Ѿȫָ
̨ͬǺѺͽλʦ


153 ϣ֮ѡ
λʦַ䵱֮ʱ䵱Ϊ֮ʱλԱ
λʦӼıʢỹǲܴġ
˼ַ֮󣬶ͰЦݣ꺮ů
ִʦЩӲˣû뵽䵱䵱ֶΪŰ
ǰִʦϴδִʦɱ䵱ӣҵһͲţִʦôֱһˣô¡
ִʦžȳǹû
ǰû뵽λͳΪǸĳϣǰ޹˺߰
Աߵĵӿλʦַ˵ĿףŵĴģܲˣǸֲǣţôоλʦַƨʹģַһֻǵ΢Ц׵ĳ⡭
λʦȻЩַһЩ⣬һЩϵ⡭
ʲô״λʦ¸أʲô̰ͼķ֮ôַô
ʽʼ˫̯ʾ˰
ʱλʦ뿪ַ磬صԼλϡ
룬ϵӶ֪δݡ֪ÿ꣬ʥءϣ֮ǡ֮žͻ򿪣½ɣɳǰϣ֮ǰһߴֻһҪȥȡԣǹ䵱ȡǵʮǰ䵱һӣߴ֮սУȡõһϣ֮Ǻ˳ͨ飬ɱеߣΪ䵱ĵһˣҲǧ䵱һˣ䵱ҫΪӣֵһԲͨʦ䵱ܳΪߴ֮ס
ַȻԼʦôţӶʦ䵱ĵһˣ
Ӷ˶ټԣӽ쿪ʼµʱ䣬䵱ѡϣÿĴӻԾֻҪʮµ˾ɲ
ӵĻ䣬ϯ̨ǰĳϱ˰˼ʮӣÿǰһӴߣ˶ӻԾǰ
Īƿַ磬磬ҪҪһ£
ַд⡣
磬أ
ĵҲ棬Ȼ棬Ҳ档
ַ磬Ī˶μӡ
һʱŽһ磬ǷϾʮ̨̨֮ϣǶȻ졣
䵱Ĵǧ˶Ȼֻڲԣ֮䶼д裬˶ףֻı֮ߺĥԼֻܾôˣǾ䵱ӣ
Զһһĳǩԣıٶȷǳ죬ʮ̨ͬʱУһСʱ̭ʮѡ֡
䵱֮䣬ҲежԵĹϵЩǾףЩ˽˶ԹΧӺڸӣڸӺǸ֮䣬ЩжԹĵӶϣͻǩ״֮ս
Ȼ֮սֻҪǩ״䵱ģҲһֽ׺͵ìܵһֶΣҶ䣬ƽһսӮԹԣ
ַͺĪˣ䵱ӣҲǺڵһıûκεչˡڸֵս֮У䵱Ҳѧϰһ¾顣
ַ磬Īڲ̨ͬһֵĳ˵Ȼܶϡڵڶ͵죬ĪƶˣĪƵĶֶһ£˵֮¾ͽִ̨
ڵ죬ֵַˣǳɵǣַĶ䵱ӵϴ󡪡ɽ
ôˣôȻַ粻ɽֻǾбè塣
ַǸ˼ϸܵˣ䵱ĴǧˣԼôƫƫ䵱֮һ
ɽʮ꣬ת̫
⼸ҲһֱԹսȻΪѡһЩĵӣֻҪӿϵģᱻյǸ
ԣЩڱԵʱ򶼺ǸǵĵطֻҪɵǸԺԷɻڴΪ
ɽݵĳųŶַ磬Щĵֳϣû뵽ڳǸֳϣ
ɽǸҧķǳأҧгݵ˵ġ
ʱϯ̨ϹսĬĬһУȻĺ̨ϵĹ½˹
¬ɣô£
ţҲ˼
¬ɣĲҵ˼
¬Щĵţǳǩġ
һǩΪҲ֪ʲôַ硢ĪơǸְ֮вѣ֪ĺ𣿣
¬ҲǸһλ£С䵱һһƾԼ˹µְλƽʱ·ǳףڣս䵱µˣһӳǸĳϣЩҪûҪΪûΪôܵǸĳϣ¬ǲǱչر˰꣬ϺͿˡ
Ȼⲻ¬ɲ䵱ĵʮа˾Ŷַ˲ƾʲôǸ䵱֮ߵְλ䵱ŬܶΪ䵱Լһûеõô࣡
Ľʺޣַ֪ɽϣ¬ɺ䵱ӸĹ
¬ɣ²ҪˣԺȥҩ԰ȥҩɡ
š
¬ɸû뵽Żô飬һӳԼְλԼƣȥҩ԰ҩ
ʲô˵ȥɡ
¬鶼ˣҶ˵ʲôȫˡ
¬ɵĽӴλñһ»ˡ
еע⵽һĻЩ˶û뵽ӻô
䵱˲Žȱ䵱ǲɶõ˲ţ䵱Ӷַ϶ǲģ˶ϣ϶֮սӲʧ䵱ӣӷɱ¬ɣ
Ȼһ̨ϵɽֳ䵱û°ɣǸ֮λĽֳϵΪôĳ̡
ַϳһǳĵͽ̡


ַϵĽ䵱һͨĳȻѪħַɱӺѾĪơַҲûһѳֵԼһѣǽ˵ڵĶˮƽʹ첻һѺõԣַȥѰҵڶھħ֮󣬾ͿԻûħ


ڶھħ䵱ַֻûʱȥϸѰҶѡ
ɽֳϼȻǸְ֮һΪѾﵽ¯ĵزĳ˶ֳǩ״ֳ֪Ρ
һһսҲֻܽӣҪȻϵӺδ棡
ӱֹһ£ûֹ䵱ӶַˣֻҪַɱɽɱӺһס˵Ŀڡ
䵱ӾͳַĪƺͺĵʯˡ
̾һַķһۡ
ַоӵĿ⣬תͷȥַѾӵ˼ˣǿֶɱɽ
ַ翴ɽĳһ֣á
ʱ̨µĹڶΧ˹ֹ̨ͣ˱˶Χĺ̨£ۿַɽľ
ǩ״󣬲иߺһʽʼ
ǿƵɱɽǺðɣҾǿƣеǿɱַ֪ǲģͬʱֵƣ䵱ӵΪǿʲôߵġ
ַ룬Ĭ
ɱ򣡡

ǽ
ֻһӰһɫϴһɽӹɽûзӦӰѾɽ󣬶Ӱ̨Īƺͺķȥ
̨ϵĲк̨µĹڶɵһ㣬վԭأ֪ʲô£ǺûôֳϾ̨ˣ
ֱַߵĪƺͺߣ̨ϵɽͻȻһ΢΢ĲȣԴȥѪע죬廯߶ΣчRڵϡ
һĻɵˣ
̨µĹڣû˿ַô֣Ҳûпκεսɽ߶Σ
ʲôʵֶβ̣ɾ䣡£ûһ˸һַʵˣû˸Ҷ˵ַˣ
䵱һһ˱ַһɱ˭˵


154 VSĪƣ
Զ䵱ӿϴɱð𣬺޲ýַж˿飬ַֻһɱϴвЩС
λ롣
ʱһʿʣµ䵱ӡ
䵱һ˵ݼӡ
Ӷ˵֪ǶελϲȻӶλϲҲ˿лϺͿˡǺǡҸǣ¡ǡλ䵱˲ѷַڼ֮ʱҲæˡ˵֮£ѡ֮УҲ£ҵĻ𣿡
ףͬ
ȥʱһ亹žȻ˵ַ˵֮£׿˵ģ˭һɣ
˱ڸкͺĪƽһ£붼ˣǿɲ벽ϴĺ󳾡
֮ı֮УַˣȫȨĪҲ˳ɱܾ
һ֮ǰʮ㶨ַ磬Īƣ䵱ӣһλСһ춼ȫûĶ֣ǰʮ֪ͨμܾʱֱȨ
ҲǸˣ֪˵Ķ֣ܱ˸ǰʮţԽ͵ĲͱҪǣ˾˵ӽǰʮˣ
Ҳ䵱ʷᣬǡۻ
˶û뵽ǣ䵱ҲȨˣ
£еӶɵˣַ磬ĪƺͺλֻҪǩ״ֻͨд裬ѵ䵱һսľ䵱ӵϴ󶼱ַɱˣѵô͵ӣ
䵱Ӷ֪Ӹ䵱˵Ǿ仰ַ˵ӻǻƨⲻҳ
ǰʮ߸Ȩˣ⻹䵱ʷһΣ
ڴַͺĪ˵ս
ʣµˣѡ֡
Ȼûѡַ硣Īѡ˺ҲѡĪơ
СҪ﹫ս
ĪЦţ磬α˵Ļ͸ĿںҶ磡ܣ
˿ðˡϴڿ㡭
̨Ȼϴڿ㣿ǵַ˵ĶԼϴڿĶԼ
Īɫ࣬ҿôˣҲ˵ɣΪϲҪϿɾˡ
ĪƴЦ磬¸㣬ʵѾͻˣ
ɣ̨µĹַˣòһǰ쾳磿ôһµı֮Уôϵģôˣ쾳磬Ǹĳϣڵһһͷײĳ嶯
ЦţҲ¸㣬Ҳͻˣ
ĪƾԼͻˣûͻƣԿԽܣҲͻĻԼʤֻ޳ˡĪƲǺܵģΪһɱ֣ɱһ㶼ڰһֻҪսռʲô˵ġ
οѪħѾѣԼһԻܺ
Կʼ
еһ֮£ʽʼ̨µĹǼ쳣ޱȵļ̨Եߡ
Īƶźбδʣͷŵ棬֪ʲô
ĪֽѪħȫǺˮôÿκͺܵʱ򣬺һ²ؼӣҿŴ󿪣ڵĪƳ֡
վţûκηǵȴ֪֣һԷһ֣ѰҶֵĳзλ·ߺٸһ
һɱ֣ԣһоأ
һͺϵ䵱ӣȫ˶أǺ飬Щ˵˿¶һ߾ʬˡ
ĪƵ㻹ӣҳ֣ΣҾҪȳ֣㲻ҾͲ
ЩǺͺɱɱģ̫˽⺮ˣԼ֣ȥΪǿǺܿͻ뱻
ĵܰұȶҪ˶ǸʲôְҵģȲģҪŶңôҾȳˡ
ƣ
ź󺰣һӣ֮ͻȻ룬Īǵصľ˹ȥ
㲻֣Ҿð֣
ɣ
Ī̲ס֪аǺİͷһģһʼʹĪƻǵһ
ƹƹҡ
Īƽеİ䣬ĪһĪƣĪ֪Щ붼жģȻ֮˻ûսˡ
Īƴ˲䣬Ķ̽ѾĪƵĺ
֣̫ģĲ˼飡һ̣ԭվţһ̣ѾĪƵǰ
ĪѾ²ŹĲյĶ˺һȻˣͺ롣
Ī֪ͺսԼֻгԿ
ǺȴˮһĪƣĪߵӰճ
ת֮䣬ʮѹĪƱƵĽڽڰˣĪƸĵವԼǿʽǸûʱʹƵֻܺܣһĪƿ϶У
ѹĪͷǺƵ̨ܣֻ̨̨䣡
ĪƸ˦
˿̵ĪƷǳıͲˣԼͻ죬ΪΪǰûи߶٣ٶȱǰҪһֹ
ĪԼϺһУȻų͹˼϶ƽ⿪˿̵ľǺÿһжɱУͲҰһ£һµĻĪƿ϶᲻ˣ
ĪԽԽԽսԽɫɰױϣϱ࣬ȫǸģ
ڣĪһԵķ֮£ץס˻ᣬֱӽĪ̽ĪƵĲϡ
Цܣˡ
ĪĴУⲻ㣡һûгأ
Ǻǡܣһ˻𣿡
˵ûղһȥĪƱԼӡȥ⣡Ȼֻ·һ
ðɣ䣡
ЦţŹԣǵøϴڿŶ
Ŀټ˵ĻֱĪһѣΣŭѣԼ˲Ҫôǰӣܲˣ
ַ״ĪƱߣæԲܣʵ㲢û䣬һʼͷĴйҹǾܴƽ֣㻹ӮϣŵıԣѳֵĻø㺮׷ʹ򣬴ûл֮һȴ޷ʹһʼ·硣ȻԽԽַ֮񣬺ץס΢ĻᣬȴܽأΪٶȿ죬ûлỹգҲǺĿ֮
ʱܣҲġһɱ֣޵ľٶȺͱҲѧϰκǿս͹ҳٶȻٶȡղһսУȫԼٶȵѹ㣬ʤˡ
ַͺĻĪ˼磬磬˵ĶԣˡİɣԸķ䣬ڿ㣬һϴģ
ҧгݵĵ磬´Ҵ㣬Ҫϴڿ㣡
ЦãֻҪܳԽңҸϴһ궼û⣡
˴Ц

ַͺûдΪ˶˽ԷԸʽַ粻ʹáڤ󷨡ɱͺĻԼһʤ˺ַʹɱеĻ϶ס
䵱ӵȴַͺսʱ򣬺ѡȨ
ַ϶ɣȥϣֻ֮һַҲϣԼֵȥǺַĶС˵һ仰ַͬˡ
˵磬Һܶмȥϣ֮ǵƣδħô½Ϊ˽ȥϣ֮ԣһҪȡֵһȥϣ֮ǣ
Ȩ֮ӵǳʽ˴Ρϣ֮ǡ䵱ԹھǡǸַ磡
˻ĽģмȵģȻҲк޵ģǲôе˶ȸԾΪַǿΪ磬˶ǿߣ
ߣַôǿһɵĵӣӮϣ֮ǣ
ٴʾеӰգߴɾս
䵱ʤ
䵱ʤ
еӶ˷ܵĺ


155 һԲϾͳ
ʱźܿ쵽
һ磬ɵר䵱Ӵַӭӡ
ÿŶʮӢӣϷɻһǰ
λ䵱֮ϣҪȥҾҪϿȣٲһֱңɽ䡣
ڷɻϿ䵱Ǳһζַ翴Ŵľɫ˵š
ǰλϵӵ䵱ľһֱĺܺãڶµķ䣬κƻǶΪˣ


ɻһֱ˳ˮǰУַ緢֣ԼҹѰҾħڶڵĺǷٲķ֧


ַһֱѰҾħڶڣ˳źѰң񡣷ٲַ絹ȥûзйϲȥĸҲҪɻȥ
ʮӺַ㿴˷ٲǡֱǧߣ죡
ٲ֮ƣһ޼ʿͷ񱼵ˮĻƴֱ£ãã޼ʵ֮Уƻ档
ӹ󣬷ɻң塪ҡ
ַ·ɻ͸оǳܼʮַֹ羪첻ѣַ羪ǣƺ;ۼһСĿռ֮ڣδй
Ҳ󣬵ܵľɫǳΧʮ£֮£뵣ľرܣﻨ㣬֦ܲҶ͸ӡͭǮСԹߡ
֮и֣иԲ֮ˮˮǳ徻͸żмֻƤСԾˮ棬ֻѻˮ棬һĲơ
Ķ֮һƬߴ׵ľ޴ʯʯ֮Ͽɷ裬ư֡
֮·ÿÿ֮䶼һ˵ĸ⾳ֻҪֿãоͻֳϷĤݵĸоȻĳλǿ߿ȥģͨĹ޷⾳
ʯ֮£иССĶϲ㣬ϲ֮һССˮɽȥûڷٲ


ҸӦ˵ڶڽϢ
ǳļܾף
ܣͲܿ϶һ𣿣
ֻǸܵϢܿ϶аٷ֮ʮϵĿܣںףɽĳ


ַ簵ԵͷĸӦԲģֻҪõڶھħͿͻԪַǳڴ
ߴźڵ˷ɻھϱһƬ׷ԲĿյ֮ϡ
ߴſһȻվ߸λߴɵλ
˸ǰԱš
䵱ַ磡ַһոµĵϮأǳľ񣬵Ķ̷һ㶼ƥ䣬ЩĸоַƲѡַǲ봩ŵ۳ģǴ˿̵ַ䵱봩Ŵ䵱ĵۡ
ַԳŵˣΪַֻսģַܻǿߣ䵱ݵλܺһȺСôŶΪĿ϶䵱֮еһλû뵽ַ磡
ϣ֮ǵǣȥϣ֮ǵʸ񣡸ҪǣӡĹӡӵ߲֮ףӵޱǿÿļ䣬˸ıӡӵҪռбĶ֮һ
ÿ꣬Ŵ֮иԣӡ䵱ֵΪߣԼӡ䵱ӵУĪ
ɵļ֮£ĳһλˡĸ֮£ͱˣ˵֮ıԣ
ֻҪõ˵һžӵмӡܹõϣ֮ǵʸ
ϣ֮ǣֽС֮ǡȥʮа˾Ż棡ǴˣɳһΪ߳Ƶǿߣ
ԶΣղ棡ȻЩǶ֪п棬ǻǰ̵ϣ֮ǡ
ӿŵı飬д֣䶨ˣ
Բ档ԲǸͷֺУһԲһ㣬ַͷǳİ䡪Բһ뷢ЦĸоֻģЦΪȴɺӡ
üӡһᲢЩ˶ڣȻŰɫɴǴϡɼǸŮǸıɽŮ
ɽܣ˴ʮУòһйսȻ԰ܵϢ
ǣһ񣡡ԣţ֣Ϊûа취гڣСޣҲ֪ĸĸĸ˸ôһ֡ЩһѴ󵶣ȥЩ˫֮󺮹⣬˲С
ἣս飡սһĿĴ󺺣ȫɢ޾İֺʦЩơ
أա˿һȥһƽĲ书ͨˣ˫ۻɢ޹⣬ɫľ԰ףЩŮԵϢŵĿ⿴ʱЩȵĸо
ߴɵĴ˸Խ֮ӿɵİͽյЩô
ϵı鿴κα仯͵ĵλĸҰͽ֮ǰѾȫָڻҵ洫Ϊ
ɫһ䣬ַ֮⣬ߵ֮жһ˿ĺºͿ־塣
ַʽʲô֮塣
ЩͷĵʣҲǶˮԹûƣӵȼֲ֮ʥ֮壬ʲôɱڤ󷨣Կɱ
ûƣӵȼ⻹ǿ
ΪϣиƨðǱȱ˿ʮҲǸʣ
ַ羭ͽԻһĸоַʣҵأ
Ѫµһã
ãȥ̵ġŶ𣿣
϶ҪգҲյĻ;ˣϻһѪҾǲ㣡
˵
˵˵˻Ӱ쵽ķչģ˵
鿪ʼˣˣַżûа취
˽֮󣬺ͨʦ֣ɵĵǧĴӱԣΪǸֳϲμӱԣ񲻺Ϲذɣ
ŰԵͨʦ˵û֣ĲˣֳϹΪһɳϣݵλֻ֮£ôܲμأ
ἿҲô²ףҪ䵱ˣһԸһֱֱ˵Ҳǳֱӡ
ɽηЦ֣Ҳô²ף˳ȥ˻˵䵱ɳϺЩӴ۸ء
ϲ˵Ķüʦ̫ĵ¶ҪйأûйزɷԲΪߴ֮׵䵱һعصġ
ŶˣʱŵĿ⿴վʲôûһ㣬û˵
ַҲ˵ôֻһܣͽʮİմԼ
ηЩջĿ֣أ
ſڵν
νһ
ʱӵλҼǵòμϣ֮ǱԵҪߴ֮ʮµκεӶԲμӣֳϲʮ꣬䵱ӵĵӣʸμӣ
ɽηһЦ֪ڶǰѾ䵱䵱ʦţֻһͽӵĵô䵱ӣ
ȥģֱַӻˡ
г趯η˹ȥ
һ˭Ҳû뵽ַһԲϾͳ֣һĶûС
ʵַûжַں˾ôֻҪ˭赽˺Լںˣַ˭ԲŹ
ηһܣַ֣սۼģȻηǲµģ֮²źַ罻ֵģԼΪֻѷһֳͻȻ֣ôͻݻһˣηûɱַ磡ַ绹Ǹϵݣ䵱ַηܵһŹ


156 һս
ַþգη˼սصߡ
ַĿηҸţǰ䵱ѾѸ£Ϊʦѩ㲻Ҫ˵㲻֪ʦٳԲѷұ˺ηݣ
ַĿǳǿӲûг䵱˼Ǹ˶Թǻô˵ַηˣǿ϶䵱ͻɽݡ
ַôһñӸηɫףǳѿ
ηֳϣ㲻Ҫ䵱ѹң㲻ɣ˴ϣֻ֮ǲ֦ѣ
ַôߴɵĲѡֶѾѡ˳֦Űɣ˵ǰ棡ⳡһҪμӣϣ֮ǵҲһҪӡ䵱ģλŲŽλӲұԣ
˶Ŀַ磬̫ǿˣߴ֮ǧĽǷǳķìܣԷǳ޺ί˵Ǳ˴֮ɱ;ǰнУ˭Ҳûϣ
ڵֱַˣӾţӾϴ󣬲Ļӵ
üʦ̫΢΢תӵţֳôߴɵĲϣ⵽Ǻξģ
ֳϵĻʹ䵱ԹǿΪ𣡺οϣ֮ͼӡĹǱᣬֳȻ˵ЩȻǾʵ˵ˣ䵱ߴ֮ףλҵѣҾѵǲҵô
Ἷˬˣţ仰ʲô˼Ȼѣߴű˴֮䲻ѵΪѹһͷ
ŰԵĵţЩˣѵ㲻Ǽһɢ𣿣
ź֣ͨ˴αǲԶۣߴɵĹϵ͡ڴ˴αԣһҪضԴ
һԵޱվһжûйϵһ㡣
ӵĵҲ˼ߴ֦ͬȱһɣߴǧŽһ£ЩͰ̲ˣǼӡĹϣ֮ǵȷµĹأ֮αԣַһμӵģҪԣҲûʲô¼£Եģһһһϣ
űѣһϣʮҲĶְɣսһˮ룬Ǵܿģ
ŷԻΪ˼ӡ֮ԣ򲻹ӣ͵ӱԣ䵱ĵַ磬ŵĸûԼĵַܴ磡
ӿɫòţȻλûʲôôԿʼɣָѡԼĶְɡ
֮⣬ŵĵӵĿ৵Ŀַ磬ͬĵַ磡
Ӷѡַ磡Ըǳ򵥣ַ̫ˣ䵱̫ˣŷŶ棡ǻɽɵܣҧгݵĿַ磬Ҫַ˺һ㡣ҪǣŵıֿԿַǳǿԣǿˢȥ˲лʤ
ɲԼͬŰַˢȥ
˵Ŀ⿴ɵĲߡա
ŵҲѡַ硣
֮£Ӳһʱֻ죬óսַ磬ֻҪַˣַı£ӺһԽַˢȥ
Ȼÿϣܾ֮ˢ˵ͬʱѡһˣǧһγ
ַȱٵЩͬǵսȻЩҪַĵʯַ˶ء
ַĿĴɨĵ˭
û˿˭Ҳͷ󣬴ͷ˿϶ᱻˢȥַ类ǰˢȥô漸˻Ҫѡ֣ԣֵġ
û˴𻰣ӴϹأǩ
ǩдһ֣˭鵽һôǵһսӵļ£Ȼû˸٣ʵʵĳǩ
һ
һѡֵһǰһţƷǳĿ񱩣ѵ£ŰӣһѾŻ󵶿ڼϣȻ
ַ糤գǰ룡
ַתһҲתַԼǿļܣȫԼʵΪսȴĺͶԷ֣ԼĻзǳõĥ
ֲþкͼܣַҲã
οֻǵһսַ粻ôԼĵƣƶõģ
ѵʦ洫ġŻ쵶ޱȣֳϿҪСˣС˵ֳϣɾͱˡ
һܿ񣬴ĵˣô
Ӽ˾λԹֱܶɻʤ
Ȼʵֻǻֱܶɣĸֵʱ򣬹սһȣΪЩ˶ţ˭ʧһ
ӻ䣬һŻ쵶ַĳ
ַ翴ŶԷʽŶɢޱȻƣ֪һߵǸ·ߣ
ַ粻дıƴַԼԲǶԷĶ֣ǣַǲˣԼٶжȥԷ
ת֮ǰʮѹ˴˸ƽ֣ȻһռƣַĲ죬õһ׽ÿεһҵĹַ綼Ļһַϵַǿ˶١
ַȫûκμܣʱ򡯼ܶûãʱĻһĶ϶ַַ׾ٵʰһ񣬵ַ粻ãַҪĥԼҪԼʵȥʰһ
ַȻԴ·磬ǵһκβַ硣ټȥǾǺķ
ַĻķǳĺãѨλѾַָͨٶһ˵ļԺķһĺܲң
һԵķ㡣
Ĺ󿪴ϣÿÿʽǳĺķȴ˺ַ磡Լʽôȥãκβַ磡ȥĿ϶Լ
ַһֱΪϱûйʱ䣬һĹˮһһȫַ紭Ϣļһٽַ£ַô£
˽ս֮䵶⽣Ӱ˿·ַ磬ǵһĶͷѾ˺ˮַȴǵֵ硣
ַ翴һѾƣץסһһϢĻᣬַڴһȫ˹
ַһֱܾǹĶֵץסʱַƾٶȵһõһæҡ
⽣Ӱ֮Уַ̤ǣһһŵһÿÿʽޱȣƣ
ԶĺַĽУ۾ûַʩչǺĽ⣡λΣαΣ
ƴ򷢺·ÿζŶԷţѰ̵ľٶȽҵĴ
˺
һһһ˺һӣѪɱš
˶һһֱռϷ磬ַûл֮ȴû˵ַ磬ͻȻַ֮練һӽһˣ߾첻ѡ
ַ罫һˣȴ˼ֹһ˹ȥ
һʼǵһַƵˣʱַ罫һƵˣ
ܿ죬ѹһʮѪû˼ǣǱһţģѾŲ˶ãȥһͻܣ
һͻȻһʽãȻ֮һһнַˣȥ
˷˿ʮ
ַ絭ЦôãǲǾˣ
ַ磬ҵĵõģҪ㿪ˣһ񽫴󵶺ǰ׼ʹôС
ַ絭Цҷǳڴ
Ż졪һ


157 
һȫϢͻȻǣһԿĽɫϢ֮ϵľŸԲ˲ɽɫſ񱩵Ϣַӿ˹
ַоһսٵĵһȫָһһǵһȫ
ַŽЩʪַӲһУ
Ȼַ粻ɵʲôܶãַֻˡʱ򡣡
һٶʽַַ緢֣ԼΪߣԼļҲԵߣʱҲ˲٣˿ַеĵһһ֡١С
ַáʱ򡱺ܿжϳԷǿͱ㣬ַŲǲٵĺˣΪַ緢ֵһڳɱıǣüӲԼ϶ˣ
ַĬ̰ǹ£
СģɱŰԵæԼĵӵһۼʶַӴս֮ʱַʹɱ֪ɱ
ǲǽĽϣַĽһǵصɫһȥ
һҲоַ罣еǹһЦַ˹ȥ
˫ʽײһʱһƬ¡֮Ϊĵʮ׷ΧڵһﱻըһƬ顣
˶ƴַ֮ʮಽվסΣһȻֻ
ַ̰ǹ¸ûʹֻ꣡ͱԷĽƻַֺֻˣַűһˡ
ǵһĵƽǽǵһ˼ַ޷ģ
ֳҲٽһ
Ż졪ڶ
ַվסΣоѪӿҪѹƣһɱ˹ַоһĹȷŵһǿһ
ַѧˣһ̰ǹ彣һ˹ȥ
һζУַûռˣһûռˣ
һĵӳɣַ̰ǹҲӳɣǵһһַ彣Ŵ˸ƽ֡
ٴηֿ֮󣬵һɫ˱䣬ҧŻ죬
ַ緢ֵһϢڵڶĻּ֮ӳɣַһ
߽
ַһоʹ̰ǹǺһ͵һĵӭȥ
䡭
һ¡֮һӰߵ˳ȥɳȥַ磬ԭزǵһ
ַڰ׿⣬һѪվԭأ֮ȫǾֺԻ
ʵұըʱַһ˲俪ˡڤ󷨡ȥ뿪ըΧַջЩû˿ĳ
ֳϣܵסҵܲǾͳҵĵĵɣһָ߸ߵľԼĴ󵶡
Եǰֹڵһ޵ս⣬ʱϣԵһľӰܴ󡣰Ե˫ֵĹؼʱپԼĵӣɲһ
Ż쵶оУÿжǼӱȻ˺ܴ󡣶һֻУУûȫɹʱʹʱʹ˿̣һʹУ
ĵɫ䣡
񱩵ƺҪսĳûһеĴǧأһ쳣ųƴַ翳˹
ַоĵҪȵǿֹֹԵԪڸֵ
ŵ죡ֱַǽĵڶʽʵַ̰ǹҲԵԼԻˣ滹ĵˣַɲԼˡ
񱩵һӶоַӲסһ
Ǻܿ죬Ӻλڶɵˡ
ޱȿ񱩵ַ֮ȫ˻ȥһ˿ĵ˸ͷһķӿȥ
Ե״ɫͱ䣬ǰǿĹסһ
ڸֳ֣쾳Ĺ׾١
Եһ֮ʱһѾжԡԵݺݵĵַһۣһһߣ̸˼չˡ
һ䵱ַʤ֪λûʲô飿
ǳ˳飬ϻʲô飿
ֳϣҪҪϢϢ
ַս״̬ողűȻϢӵ˵ͷ˭һս
ǰɽ̣
Ͷַ֮ǣַԼʦ֣͵ںݺݵĳ˻ɽɼ⣡ܲŭ
ַ絭ЦţŻɽ鴫µҪ̣
ֳϽУ
ܽδѾѵȫɢһַĽ⣬˾һ޼᲻ݵһ㡣
һ̳ûʮַ
ɽ鴫һһʮУʮжУֻһвһ
һֻܼвУͷֱ治ʵܺ͵ֵеһַ粻ַͬġʱȫ㣡ַЩٵĽһ㣬޴Ρ
ַһ˳ܵĽӰ֮УܵĽУֱӾٽһɨʮ˽еһ
ܴһԷôֱԼеƽⷽ
ַĿܣַһоռȻвУһֱߡ
ܿ죬ѹ˷˿ţȫǺʮ׿ַһĿ
ҧгݣŭһ¾Ž
ʹ˾ж¾Žƽʽ
һ޵еĽȼţ·һж赲סĽ⣡
ַЩĵ˵ͷΪô⾳ȴܸߵĵزֻΪȴ϶ѡ
ַЦҵĽУŶûУ
̰ǹ£
ַٶȣ϶ΪһܵĽײһ
䣡
¾ŽȻޱȣǸƲǽ
ǿĳֱӽܳɣѪѾˣûֹͣ
ὣʽ
ܲûأת⣬ָأ߸ߵĵ
ܵγ߿ʮףڿ͵һշǰ֮еĻһַ縩
һбƽʽǿһֹټϿиĳַ緢Լʹ̰ǹ͵
߽һ
޴ײһһ¡֮Ϊĵĵ濪ʼݣγһֱʮ׵Ĵӣ˶û˵صףһ޴ĺ¡кսֳŻָƽ
Ȼ˵Ķ쾳ΪһеĹԽ죬ﵽԪڵĹ
æӱ˹ȥ˷Ĵַվһ䣬ǹһĨȣκƣѾڵϣûʲôˣǲ֪
һսʱַ̣翪ڤ󷨡ַͻȻѹԵıֱӽܻܣڻַ֮Ѹٽ˻
ܣηæ¿ȥܷڻһ˿˿˳£ܽ˹ηųĳһ
ܣô
ʦֻǹľѣ弫ûʲô¡
ܷǳǿվַ籧ȭ֮г˸мֳϣл㷽žң飬һ̱ңѾ촦ˡ
ַ絭ЦһţμӱԵĵӶţߴ֦ͬôأڳԵκһλˣߴɵʧ
ַ仰ǷĵģַҲɱܣɱܣô䵱ͻɽĹϵһĶ񻯣ı֮Уַ֣ʣµļɶ䵱ͻӵпֻߴɲͣ
ַ緽žܣôɽͻǷ䵱һ飬ɾͻ䵱࿴
ַôһ˵ܸӲˣһַΪأַȴǳĲζ
ߴַĻԵ˵ͷ


158 ֡ἰܣ
ַŵλţ䵱ǿƣⱾǿʳ磡ǲǿƣ䵱ϴôҵǿƶΪߴɣѹɣߴɸǿֻߴǿ󣬲ѹƱɣߴŽһ£ͱ̲ˣ֪ΪʲôҪμαΪߴѾ𽥵û䣡ʮǰʦϣ֮õõһʱߴɵˮ𣡺εȵĻԻͣʥصĳ϶νߴɣأЩߴû䣡εϣ֮ǵߴһҪϣ֮߳
ַ˶ټʲôѵεıΪϣ֮ǵôҸ˵ڳĸλΪ˼ӡΪôһĺô˰ǰ޴棡룬ϣ֮֮߳ߴɾͻһԻͣڳλţ˭ұ֤ܴߴһԻͣ䵱һѼӡãʵأûУ䵱ŵΪͻߴЩûôɣӼЩһֱڱչأΪߴɹͬ棡룬ʲôǵû
ɽη˵Щߴ˭˲֪ϣ֮ǵߴУҪ֪ȥϣ֮ǵˣǸоŸ棡ߴһӲȥϣ֮ǣǧߴɾֻ˴ϣ֮߳һʦľŵӣһʦǲΪ˼ӡѵΪǸʲôĪеϣ֮ǵ
Եֳ˵ûҲ˵ûЩߴɽ˥䣬ߴŶΪɽɣɽɶߴɻ񣬾ΪһĪеĲرͼǹ˼ߴֻϲڣʦıӣɽɽǿսˡֳϣ˵ô֪࣬ϣ֮Ǻģǣϣ֮Ǹô򵥣ʦĹҪʮϣŴϣ֮ǻ߳ϣ֮ǵʱѾһϢˡ
رͼʲôرͼַЩ档
Եرͼֻһ˵ѣžǣȽǰɡ
ͨʦֳϣÿ˶ʱһǻѪһǺܶʱǶ㡣ֳ˵ûζԼĵӴϣ֮֮߳⼸̫Сˣÿ߽ϣ֮ǵˣһ֮ţֳܹȫ֣ķǳ͡
˶ͷͬͨʦĻ
ַǷѾŶ㣬䵱ʵͲѹɣȥϣ֮ǣϣ֮߳
ЦȻ䵱ֳôģôͿıˡ
˷Ͽӣַ絭ĵһ˭ˣ
ӷԲʩ̡
Բʦôַ翴Բ˫ֲû
ԲȻ˵ֵʮ˰ոͨʵһֱڹķȭƷΪƶɮǲġ
ַ罫бЦȻʦҲˡ룡
˶һ㶣ֵǺģΪǵȭţǵȭűҪӲ˿ַ粻ҳô
ԲȻֳϲʱɲҪ˵ƶɮ۸ֳˣǺǡ
ԣһЦΪַ緽ŵıѾõ˴ҵĺøС
ַ絭һЦʦ˵ЦˣܰڴʦҲҵң룡
ƣ
Ӱƣ
ƶƣɱ
䡭
ÿζԻ˵ĹжΧҴıը˾ĵطӿݣһƬǽ塣
ַӰƻǲһעڳȺӰעٶȺַµǲԲܿʹ·硣
ԲԼƷȻԷץסһյƻȭ
޺ȭ
ַҲãӰȭ
ԲַҲȭаϲȭͷӲҵȭͷӲ
˶Ժʮ֮ԲоԼȭͷÿַȭͷͺͭǽһ㣡һȭͷôҵĻӲ
Բ϶ֱַ֪չôļ᲻ɴݣȻԲѪ֮Եֿġ
˶Ժ˼ʮȭ˿Բ˫쵽ֻѾĶš
ֳϣȭ
ַ絭Ц˴˱˴ˡ
Ȼ濴˴˸ƽ֣˶ĳڷŵĽ֮УԲѾˡ
ԲЦֳϣܽסһУôҾ䣡ӲסͿҪڴϼˡ
Ǻǡַʦ˵Цˣڴɼ£ǵҺˣôʦһꡭ
˴Ц
ַûлôҵĺøУôԲ϶ôϻһ뾡취ɱַ磡еʱ򣬻֪ͨһô
ֳϣӺˣʮƣ
Բ˫ֻƣĳ죬û츴ӵӡȫһ嫵ϢеӡûԺһɫӰӿٳͣóһɫľַ
ַа⹥Գ쾳ǿ
žţַ翪ʼʱЩ˶ûз¿ַȷ͹Щˡ
ַ״ֹ̬ӦӦԼ϶ˣ
ڤ󷨣ַĬ
ֱַӿʼȫ˲䱩ǣһɱȽʮƸǿַӿԲ˹ȥ
Բ棬Сģ
ͨʦ˽սķ˹ȥ
ֱͨӲ嵽м䣬ֵֵֵַֿŽʮơ
ֲͬźͨ壬ȫͨĻ⡣
Ȼַеʱûȫֻһ΢ʤԲһȻܴԲ棬ǲԲ
ַ粻֪ԲһеʹһУԲڵͻݽߣеķʩ߽⣡ʣµನԲ棬Բкܴܱɱ
ͨżʱ֣˵ǻ֮󣬺ͨͷǺ˸򣬲Եڵء
ͨԵԲ汧˻һҩԶȥһĵչˡ
һսƺߴŵԤ֮УĵŸоַǿַȫĺڰϢ˸оɭֲĵ̲ס˿̵ΪѾﵽԪԲ
ַɵĵһ˭
սǰЩɥĵֳϣǵΪȲֳϣҲ޼ڿ޷ʤֳϡֳǰ˵ϣ֮߳һЩмڿֳϵȷпܴϣ֮֮߳ǺǡȻҴ򲻹㣬Ҳʧȥǿֵ߽Ļᣡڴ򲻹㣬Ժ϶ᳬԽ㣡
ַǰ˵ʲôʲôλ߶һЩִɺͷ״̬ǽַ䵱ǸĳϣλͺַսˣڣַչֳԼʵ֮в߶ûеִˣضΪֻҪǿͻᱻ𾴣ݣ
ַˬĴЦãҾ͵Ҵܵһ죡
ս֪򲻹ַ磬ȴûʧȥ־ַ統˷ܶĿ꣡
սȹͱԼǿĶӦУȻҪռȻһʼսʹ˾У
ǣַûиսĻᣡȻѾǰûдջȥ
Ϊǿѹƣսֿ˵ġ
һֱַԳսĽΧĽںڰϢʴ֮˲仯ΪУַĳսĲ֮ϡ
˭Ҳû뵽һսô죡սĽлûȫʹѾսˣ
£в߶ףַһֱʵַԿʼʹôǿսǰλҲܵô죡
ˡսǳĲʣȻתȥ
̣


159 з籩
ַҪ˵һλ˭ӾѾ
ŶüŮľѾĲ㣬ҵҪ̡
ĵǽӺˡ
ӳ裬赸һ֮ɫĽУڿлǧƣַ
˵ĸо˿̵ľӾһһ㣬ãŮ·
ӵ˫ۿַ磬üĿ飬һĿӾӵ˫ַֻ֮û˸飬̹ޱȡ
һ̣˿ַɵɵվԭأճյĿžӣһЦ
ַ类ȻˣȫۼĻþ֮У
Ӽʱ죬һǧƸ˿һѾ˿޾ַ硣
ַͻȻоԼȫϢΣԼɫĽаַ˲ͱһӣңȫĹһεסһ㶼
ؼʱַ̣һϢַȫ֫ٺַȻһ飬ʶ˲ѡ

ģôôаţַһ亹
ַ磬ĪҪ飡򽣴ģ
˿ַһ㱻еĽѾǧѹ⽣ַȥ
ַʶѾоԼΣҪأݣ
˶ĻֶַȥַûѹĻ϶ᱻ򽣴ģ
ߴſһĻ鶼ûʲô仯սĵ۶ᵽɤϡ
ҵһ쾳Ƶ˵ģ
͡
һƬѵ˶ַϵļһǿƬ
ŵ죡
ַѾˣۿѹ⽣Ҫʹ˾ŵ졣
ַľŵ컹ûɣĻѾ
䡭
⽣˻ȥǻмʮѹ⽣ݺݵĴַ硣
ַϵĺڰϢȻǣޱȵĽʱײķ飬ַʹþŵͬʱûʱ⽣ַ塣
ַĸ粿ȱĿӣʺɫѪҺ˶£ַоԼ˿ڴļһĸã
֮иʴӳ˺
ڵһʱҩΪַ޸ƣֻ˸ʴ˺
ַסѨλѪҺŲԶ˲ľӣһ¡
һУǾԼʶԼѾˣܾӣôԼûмǻָһΪصգַܾշǳĲ򵥣ܺԼˣ
벻ֳϵĶôߣȻҵۣ֮ܳǿһѾսˡ
߰ľӾôˣ
䲻Уַǰλս֮ʱӾһٽַƷԾȻ֮ۺǿĽУֻҪַУɣҲԼȫһǾû뵽ԷƽԼȻۣ֮ԼĽж˻ڻ֮УĽˣϴŷ˿ףڿѾˣټշսҲ䣬ԣֻ䣡
ʱ˹ҲǲĶֳַϣҪҪϢһգս
ַ֣ˡֻһСˡ
죬Цţǣֳϣ롣
˾֮ղûж֣ĿƽĿַ磬Ȼǵȴַ֡
ַоյɢһƽ͵Ϣһжƿ֮УڵȴŶֳ֣Ȼƿ߶֡
ֻ֮ˮ֮һΣҲǶˮԹﵽߵľ磡ַ۲ţվߣôһˮԹã
ڻϣַռ·硣һĶǽԣҲԣԵ֮٣ҲΪȥǰˣһȫˮԵߣ
Ȼȶ֣ҾͶָ㿴㵽ʲô£
ַǲСյķ˹ȥַյʮ׷ΧڣһĻźڰϢվ˹ȥ
ֳϣʶʶҵз籩
ֻյֳһ׶ɫħȣŲæħȵĻӶұߵĺˮͻȻһ޴ˮַ˹ȥ
ˮڳַĹ֮бһıУַĽһַĽһķ飬ַĽȻǿ󣬸ûа취ͱеȣ
϶ҧ仰ڵսһ㶼û
ħʦ˾
˭Ҳû뵽޵ΪأȻһħʦŵɫЩÿֱǶߴɵ裡
ıлһ޾ɱռ¶Ȼ½ľﶼ˺˪
ַһĳǻиıַʼʱһ򣬶˷ǱУƵַûв֮أ
ƾַǿ󣬸޷ͻƱеİΧȦǵصıгȥַò˰Сʱͻᱻۿ壡ֻ·һ
ȥַܵġ˵η
ʦ̫˵ûҿַ绹каɣǰı֣ܾôܡ
ôڿ˵ˣԪֱڱ棬ҲĶַжǿһھǿ߰ɣԣذɣ䣬Ұͽֵģ
Ц֣⻰˵Щ˰ɣʱַսֲûмǸʱǵĵˣô˵أսûн㲻ҪԶۣúõĿžˡ
ߣһҰͽ֮壬ѾﵽԪھתΪֳϻʤ𣿣
˴һ֮£ȻѾﵽԪת
ô˵ͽħԭɣǰ˵ͽܵĹϣϵİɣ
ûҰͽʣ似Ȼ죬ȴ˷ʣԣֽһΪȫϣϰħڶ̶̵ڣѾһħʦһˮԼ޵ħʦĳɾͣ
ʦ̫䲻ȵĳһ޵ɣ־ȻðͽʦŴУȥѧϰħǰŰ
ͨʦҲˬĵ׻Ƶ۹Թ𴫳УɴУ־ȻԼͽܱһħʦ
ԵҲмĵǧŵһˣΪߴɿȺӣ
ŵȳ⣬ԹǿΪֻҪǱǿɣʲôְҵҪôܴϣ֮߳ǻЦô
ӵյսǿΪϣܳˮѵսϣ֮Ǳһȥô
Ц㣬־ˣطڶ࣬װȫ㱳ȥҲ޿ܣ
ߴִ֮ʱһıըϣ˿սֳַֻΪʮ׷Բ֮ڳѪɫɱ¾Ϣеıгַʮڶ˲䱻޾ɱ屬
ַڿɱ򣬶ǿ״̬ȫǶԷĹַƵûа취ҲֵֻܵȫǵصıУ
ǽɱʱ򣬾ͳ＼û֮⣬Ķˣַ絹þŵ죬Ǿŵ췴ĶԹֻ𵽷ãûʵЧ
ַ翪ɱ򣬷ǳѵǰУûһ÷ǳ
ַÿǰһеĹͻԽԽܼǧıַֹӭ
ҺֻǲûСҪȻַͺʬˡ
ַŽΪʲô˵ԼǷϲˣϵ̫ˣߴﶼǿˣ
ַĻãѡֶַܰܣ
һʼûа߷ַ磬ڳԵ˿ôϣ֮еôأַڿ˵Ҫϣ֮֮߳
˿̵ַ粢ûʱȥϹ룬ŷǳΣ


160 ʳ
ַÿǰһԽһ޷Խĺ蹵ôѣַ绹ƾǿɱǽݻһıз籩
˿̣ںˮ纣Хһ𣬳ʮ׵ĸ߿֮󣬷׷ױһıַΧĸǣ
Ҳͷ󺹣ɫף֮˸ЩţΪַǿַһԪڴԲҲܳôãմ˿̵ľѾȥһ룬ַԼƽǾˮڰգͰˣ
ַıƽַѹԽԽ󣬱з籩ԽԽܼյѹַַ翿Լʮ֮ڣַ϶ὫԼɱ


ڶھħһھףҸӦˣ취ȥַԺ
ʱȥҶˣ
˵ĹѾľս׶Σ⾳ȫս֮Уκ˶岻֣иֳȳһλƻ˵Ľ׶Σô˵ϣ˫߻ħΪˣʬ
һսǸ֣֮һһ
˿ַѾ嵽ʮ֮ڣǰʮףַһԹգ˿̵սȫ⾳;ȫ˹֮ϣˣôĹͻߴϣֻվԭأָ߾ĺˮǧУַ硣
һʱ䣬˴һ㣬ĺˮƺ棬ħϣͬʱַĹɱȫʧЧ
ĺˮһתľ޴Уֱӽַ˾˽ȥ
գ
ֳϣ
ӳ˹ȥźڵҲ׷׳ǰȥıһ޿ɵֵĿֲƣֱӽ˱ˡ
ţĳһˮŵľ޴ģӰӰһ޴ĹߴŶеļ䣬ҲϢ
˼ͻȻһɳȵϢһɫҽһɽһ˾˹
ˣ
Ȼ˵׵ľ룬ǶԹĹ˵ֻǽǰ
ߴȫԼʣµĵӾԻ꣡ȫɱ
ʱߴŶûӣǷǳĬվڵ֮ǰĵӳˡ
ȵ䵽ϣʴѣһδεĳ֮бɷɻҡ
ߴɻŵˣޣֲȵĺһš
һĲҽת֮ѾĸʴһƬɻҡ
Ȼ˺ף֮ʮ󣬷ƽ˾һлָƽ
̶̵ļʱ䣬ʮӱɱߴˣ˼Ѫ
ʦܡ
ʦ֡
Ƿǳ飬ôޱȱˣʬ嶼ҷֵ̫ˣ˶ǳŭ
ԶİȫشΪ˵Сè˯ͻȻѣ۾ƺӦʲôΣžһְ֡
漴Сèɱߣȥ
Ī˶һۣҲ˾
ߴŸԵԼƣԵĴʲô䵱ôôһ
̾һҲ䵱ɽҩ԰ԱдڣЩ䵱ûгͻǧల£иҵ治֪֮ƣȥֳϣͨʦӡ㻹Űɣһиʲô⣬䵱ͽˣסߴһҪһģ
һǳѵľҪȥַ磡㱻ɱҲҪȣҪȫ֣ǲôһǷ˵ģǰǷַʦһΣַȹԼؼʱ̣Ӳ
ΪΪ
⡭ͨʦӵݹļӡ֪ôˡ
Դʮǰ䵱֣ӡ䵱ƹͨҪؼӡڣְѼӡʱȴ֪Ǻã
ŵпʼ˸⣬Ǻܿ죬֮еⱻһĪĲ棡
Ӳ˵ӡ˺ͨ˾
ףɫ޴Ĺ﷢Զַͻ֮е˹ȥ
ھ£ַûιȥǾڼȵѣٸֵַĲַȥַоԼϢ룬׵ˮѹԼѹǳȫһʹѹ֮У˿ַϵѾȫģҺûʲôˡ
˾޴צӣһԵ˹ȥӿͺͱӵˮǺѣһɽľ޴צԼ
ˮյ磬Ҳյ˿̵Ȼǿս
ˮ׵¶ȼٵ½˲͵¼ʮȣ޴˲
յľԼڱԵﱻסһѪŵҩҲԶַ磬彥Զȥ
ջûγԶ˱ѵŹıڼȫƬˮ
ſ޴˻һǳķŭһצǰץȥձһץסһֻצӣץסգȻݺݵһ˺յͱ롣
ʺɫѪҺȾһƬˮ򡭡
󣬹ַ˹ȥ˿̵ַַûж㣬Ҳûӣ׼ʹʦӷӡԼ
ȵȣ𼱣򲻵ѵʱҪʦӡȱŭа취
ַַ֡
ַͻȻɢһֽɫĹââַɢӵʱεȫ
ǽɵַڵ
ĹͻȻоһϤϢСɢţϢȻԼͬϢ
ڹҪһ۲ַʱԶһĺ¡ΧˮͻȻı䶯ˮһǿԶϯ
޴۾¶һ־ֵĹâȻһץ˵ϵַ磬Զȥ
ãһȻʯǰʯʯǳĿȻȻʯһλǿߵż
ʯ·һֱбϣŹĿƶʯ֮ڵĺˮȥԭʯͨɽġ
ڹĿٱ֮£ʮ֮˶Ѩľͷ
һɫʯɵɫַǰַ̲סһ¿ˮֱǱôһѼƷˮˮȻһ


ַĽ˷ܵĴ𣬡۹ηˣˣٵõڶڽò˶ãҾԻѵڶڽȫģ


ܿ㰡ҸоеڶھħϢ
˷ܲѡ
˵ǹʵһģĶѣȻֻǶüƷˮɣɼ˸ɵй
ܻ˹ճ˷ܵĽۣôྦྷʯ
ûǰɫľʯһɽһ㣡
ıռȵŨڹ֮ȴоһʲô󷨸
ֻǹｫַ綪һԣȻֱһԾ˱ɽ֮צץһѾʯһһڵ
һûԷһ㣬Ȼ󿴵˿ɿڵķˣֱ̻ʵĳұ߳Աڱɽ˷ܵĴײıֺصײ
ַ͵͵ſԱ߰й۲Դһô;񷿼Ĵţֻ۾񴰻ʮ֮ϡ
ˣǸʳһķƷԶ˷䡣ǸľЩܾǽʳܵġǧǰħս֮ռȫգǸ²ˣһֱ˯֮սͷͷȥ
ֵǸ˽ƣĻΧǲܳķΧմս֮ʱĺˮγɵǸоǽƣղŽƿʼ֮о˽ʱǸγɵѾʼʳߵʱһס


161 ս
飬м˻ңַڲ̫ԼİȫɱԼĻɱˣԼǲܣʳصģרԱֲ⣬ַ練룬˭Լ
ıӡѾˣѾӦˣֵҲӣĿԺС˶㡣֮ܽ⣬˶
Ϊʲô
˵Ϊʲôﱻ˽ƣ˿϶Ҫ˭ҿܵĽ飡СèԼģȻ취ֻСèֻܽҪȻôȥ˵ˣ˽ˣıᷢģȻǸ缸ˣ
ʳ˺ö౦֮󣬱򿴸ã˯ˣȻ󲻾Դַ磬ץһˣͻȻ۾һǰ˯һӲЩ˳쳤˲ӣһŴͷ­ַ˹
ټͷ­ַһŨϢӾͺͱǿﴫ˳ַоϢȫŨ
ѽͷǸ
ַֽͷշĳ嶯


ħڶĶͻȻֵðôһ仰
ԭӾɵϢоһϤϢӾ˳һ˾ħ
찡ôأ


ֲýһֱо˾ħڶڵĴڣҲʲôطôСĿռܲʶأڶȥˣԭһˣ
ַڵϢԼͬϢצ˷ܵ໽ţ˾޴ͷַա
ãʯͷûпˮȫҪȻַˡ
޷Լ˷ܵ飬޴ֱ˱ɽ֮зɽ֮нӲӵıһĴҷţַ۲ѡ
ָоˣץһѾʯţͳԣųţͻȻһߵַ磬ץһѾʯַԱߣȻʾַԡ
飬úñְɣ
ַɼܻûһĻľʯһЩ߽׵ľʯַɲˣֻý鶯֡
ΪȻǰȡô౦գɵȻѱ͵ǰַգ
д˫ֱȫɨľʯ
ַǰľʯھûˣЩԾĿַ磬Ȼתץһѷַǰ
У
Ժ󣬾⡰ͬࡱôץַ磬ֱӶ˱ɽ֮ϡ
ַڱɽϣзҸ
ʮʱľʯĸɸɾըʣ
ԱߵľһĻǳľȣûзŭ޴ͷϹɵǺǵЦצӱȻʲô
Ѿ˼ַԱûַƣûУ
ͻȻת޴ƨɶַ磬Ȼһ䡭
ַ绹ûзӦġ㡱ֱɽһַ硣
ҿ
ַһǿǾʯ֮ʱŰܿо㵲ѣ
ˮǾı㣿
ԼԼı㣿ַһ룬һŻòƷŻպܶ࣡
ͻȻˣһһˮĵͽޣǸʧƷֻôˮǸ϶ռˡ
ַһղˮʱô˵ˮ


ֵЩˮȻҵǶռ˵ǼƷˮڰЩˮˣѧϰ֮ʱȫϡţǰ϶кܶ౦Ƕͷˣҵľħڶڶˣı϶ˣǾħ˵ģΪħĴڣڵ棬ŻڣҪȻȳ˯ˣħڶڰͷĶӵ˴ңҲĶȡħ϶ˣе᲻Ǹˮı
ַôѽȡ


ΪһֱұЩˮں;ħڶڹͨǼһ˯̫ˣûأСʱˣʱȻа취õڶڽһ


һˮ鲢ûգں͵ڶھħַͨԱˣȻַһ˯ȥˡ


Сʱ󣬽ˣȻƾħѾھħʶһЩϵˣҸղź͵ڶڽͨ㱻֡ħڶڻӾߵԶԶģԽԶԽãΪ֪ģһʱɱ㣡
ַվȻСſڵķȥַ߼ͻȻһ˫۾͵˿˫ðĿַ硣
ãˣš
һַ磬оԼڵı궯ƺԼȥǰͬࡱĳϵ
֪Լ˯˶ˣ֮ԼܻڣȫڵıӵеǿԼάҲͼգΪУԼΪ뿪Լ壬ôԼͻʧȥɻңʧ
ˣ㾡ĳһᣬҸоСèˣֻҪСèһԻסǰȻ
ͷַ磬֪ǰʵԼͬ࣬ΪҪ˺ԼԼô궼ûһ飬òһȻɱԼ
ŭ죡ˣҪɱǰͬ࣡
޴ͷ߸ߵֱ̧ʮ׵ĸ߿գѪȻſһȵϢţһƬƬɫ״Ӿ˳ַȥ
СĿռһƬ𺣣֮ˮһƬͨ죬˿ַֻ̣оԼڻĺҪǰһзٻ٣ĹͲԼܿģ
飡ַֻ֮ȣǽ鲢ûгڽٻСϻ
֮£ַʹԼʦӡڵӲϧӡַַ֮ã
֮һǿĲΥ˲ַ߱֫ٺѨλ
ַͷ˸һԼԼİ͸ڡַһ˲ӵ
ɱ򣡡
׽ҪӴַʮ׷Χ֮ʱַɱڴ򿪣ײһ
ɱ֪ҪַɱҪǿٱ׽ɱֱ֮ӱһϸСĻ磬һͿԴ
Լ׾ȻһɹɵС磬в첻ѣΣżɬһСĿռ֣˲任һĵַ˹
ǽ
Ȼ˿̵ַвûǿûһѹ⽣ȥ
̰ǹµǰַһжʹ˳ַڸܵΪߵĿ֮Լ쾳Ϊ̰ǹУǰٶȿԷֵԪڵΪʹһУȻٶȺܿ죬ѾǼǻֵܷǳ˶ལһַΪѾԽԪ˴ɾ磬ֱٶֱӱԪڳٶȻ
ַ翪ɱ򣬸Ӿħһĵɱַ磬ЩֻԵַٶȼַܸʵԵ˺
ַ紩ʮֱһ˾ǰצһĽռص
ھһ޺УǰצһƬһʾʯ
Сϻֵܱڽˣˣ￿Լˡ
仰ַ
ֻǱסˣûˣû뵽ʦãȻӡһСʦˡ
ַ翳˾һֻצ֮һ͹ϵ
̫Ӵ󣬶ԵĽ޴ܣַ۾ͿһҲ˵
Ϻܶʮϵ˿֮ҲһѪǰַ翳צһȫɴˮƬӾ¡


ˣˣħھѾǧ꣬һϢ;ںˣҪõħڶڣɱڣҪ;ħڶڵĲϢںˣһں֮󣬲ǾʵҪСˣ


162 
Լħ˺ַ磬ԼӴַɱ򣬸оһɽѹһ޷ʩչԼٶȣԼΪַ繥Ļӣ
ò׽ַȴɵκͲԽһߣþѣ
ԣھмʮ֮ڱŭ


ڳ˯ıں˾ħڶڵĲ
ɫıɫɫȥһƬѪ죡
ַоϵϢȸղҪüΣһѹַĵȻЩѹûַȴַսⰻȻҪǿĶֽ֣ҪȻʦӡԼװ˷ˣ
ſ³ףεײûзŵǿҲûһƬһ˿ֲǣ׵ܶȲ֪ȸղŨ˶ٱֱ֮ӳַɱַоԼ̵˱ѵıԵַһ䣬Ȼˣһˣʮף׵ĹʧȥĿֱ꣬ӹϣӲĵһֽһô
䣡
ֱӱըһӣϵʱһƬҽĴ䡭
ַˣһ׷ַ磬һַȥ֮ˮǽڱ׳һ󶴡
ţǵصַַֻܱͷܣ򹬵ſȥ
ַоԼ氤һףԻᱻ˿ַǲĽ̤ǣʳĹôǿңôַܼѵĴ󣬶ַ磡ȻΧĿռ¶ȼߣѾ߰ʮȣַȫͣϢңʳȻᱻΧ¶Ӱ졣
ַճ嵽˹ſڣȻһֵɲһת˸䣬ͷȥֱʳ棡
±ĸ£ʳ޷ʹǿַ硣
ַɱȫʳ֣ʳԼȫܴܵⲢôӰʳķӣ
ΪɱǽͶֵԹѹƶֵΪȻӰǳСֻ΢ֵٶȶѡ
ҪǣʳצӣȻַϵһǻַյʳĸ£룬¿Զܹ׵ĹԷĽ±ʳצһ½ַΧַ类һСĿռ
һ󽣹ӹǿĹʳ޴צײֻ˽֮ʳצӲûַڴıϣͭǽһ㣬޿ɹƣ

ַĹϣʳ޴ץַ˹
ַһͿоʳצɽһԼѹ˹ڶԺʮºַڱʳɣݺݵײһɽϡ
䣡
ɽڳһζڣֱַӱɽ棬Ӳޱȵʯͷ綹һ㣬һء
ַо类ѹһ㣬ȫһʹֻʹַ緢ֻؿһצԼ߹Ǻ࣬ĶԷ΢ơ
ҩΪַˣַʱоࡣ
һѪַ˳ַ͵վǰȥ
ַճ˳צַ˹


ַûôˣҺ;ӲʳͲѪ֮ȫǼӲƷˮʯɣֲģѾ˾ħڶڲѾȫ˿̵˵Ǽ᲻ɴߣ
ַܹʳĹǽʹǿǽھϣֻǽһ𻨣ûʲôã
Զַֻ̹ӵķݣַҲֻӵķݣַʹ򲻹ʳ±ɱַ磬Ҳܣ
ʳÿνַ綼Ķ˹ȥػغܿʮѹһζεɽ屻ʳĳƬǾǹַ磬ʳǳı
ǰʹ򲻹ԼȴıܿԼĹʳ״͵ĺƣ׷ַ˾룬ַҲͬĺ˺ʳ롣
ʳַ˾룬ǳ⣬ⲻô
ַ֪ʳ˲Լ׹ַͬ˲ʳҸоӡѾȥһ룬һƣʳ׹
һһ˿̵뷨һȻ뵽һȥˡ
ַ۾ЩƵĿʳ
ʳַƣŭҾͳȫ㣡ʳ߸ߵ̧˾޴ͷ­еǵصַ˹
ַΧһƬ𺣣ʳеףַеȥ·һٽַɱ
ַȵľһַ̣Źʳŭ
ŵ죡
ߵʹóһУַ֮緢м˲ͣһǿֻסַʮܹķΧ
ֵһ˲䣬һصı˹ֱԭ·ء
е˻ȥַҲʹ˼еķӡһҪʳ
ʳɵˣһĻǴ˿̵ѾܴΧһƬ֮ʹš
ȵĸʳͨ죬ƺڴڻıԵ

ʳʹĺռҵţھҵķѾʼڻצӴһƬɽ֮ʱצӱһѻɫƬڵأܿ챻ЩƬʴ
ַԶʳԼ쳣ҵϢһʳ˹ȥ
̰ǹ£ַʹУɱʳĻַֻʦӡԼĵڶˡ


ʮ׳貹⽣ֱʳֶ£ʳ屻Χ˿̵ʳʶַĹѾûκεİ취ΪڻڵľħڶڵҲʼʳĿƣ
⣬ʳ屻Σʳľʯûά֣һƬ
ʳһɫĹַüģţһɫȭͷӷΧַԴƵתȦ
˿̵ַѾƣǽԴԴϵάַ磬ַ͵ȥˡ


˾ħڶˣˣҪħˣʣµԼɡ
ȵȣַ飬ˬˣǰ黹ûнأ
ô£
˿̵ַ羲ĿǰɫӣзǳǿĻϵǳĴַǰַڵΪַԻᱻɣ
ңַоѾԼʶȻǳĵƺһ˫۾һԼ
Ӻַ紫һЩϢƺڸַ磬ûж⣡


˾ħڶڣ˷ܹͷȷǰַǰӸˣ
Щͷĵʳڵӣ飬Щ߸ϵϲƵĶʳû׵ġ鴿ȻаɣԼ˾ͺˣĻٽһϵܣϡšĻ֮ھͻԶʧˡ
ַˣԭˣֲӸԼһЩûжϢԭԼ
ַ֪϶ıΪıΪǶ۾ȻǻУڽеĻ֣ǿɾͲһˣ
ǻϵĽϵûгͻ𣿡
ᣡÿߵһΪ֮󣬶ҪԵȻҪȺ˳ˣ㿪ʼˮڶԵĻ϶Уֻᵼ߻ħòˡͽûҲû˹ϵԣͷĵɡ˵ˣܵľħڣ˵ԣҲܰ
ַϥ˫֮䣬ת͵Ż
ֱֺʹɼ飡⴫ͳֻЩӹʹõģ˷ʱ䣬˷Ѿ
ַַ֪оǿԼڵΪ޷ܵģѭ򽥽պôһַףһﲢû⣬ҪԼ϶˺Լ
ǣֱַɼȥ
Ȼ鲢ûзϢǳºͣ˳ַɣǿǳַľѨλ֮Уַֻ֮һַ̹̲סһ


163 о
ַҹ˻ַӵһɳǿĻϵ
ϵǳĹأʵʵĴַĵڣַ籾ĽЩηĿŻϵһǡ
ַһʱ䣬ýҩ޸Լƣƻָ϶Ҫѭ򽥽Լ˵ĻָܳһĲ
ȫַָ֮翪ʼ
ַתŻϵС죬ŸСγһ죬ڵľѨλʼӦںϡ
ת֮󣬴ɣǿĻϵھﳩͨתţַоϵҪԼĽϵǿ֪ٱ
ַŻϵתϵķֻЩ̲ڻڵıھֱײ
ֱַһæס񣬿Щ񱩵ЩַĿ֮°ǻڲϵķֽ⣬࣡ҡǿ
ܿ죬ӵʱڣַ絽ͻƵıԵ

ַ˳һͻƣַϲ֮ʱͻ֮࣡ǿ

ֱַһͻƣܿ죬ܿͻ㣬ԪڵıԵǻڼţ
ڣȫıһų˹ȥ
䡭
ֱַͻԪǻûֹͣͻƣ
ͻȻðַԺ
Žĳַ֣ͻƵΪͣ˿ַΪԪתַоԼޱȵǿ󣡻˱ըԵ
Ҹоͻƺˬûʲô˵ˣǰͻһֱͻƵģôˣ
ܻĵ˵ôˣǰͻԼͻƣʺʹ󲿷ߵһǽʣΣõǻǽͻƣ˵ôǾڴӽ쿪ʼѾλ㱾ԴǽԣͻֻһǾǱ
ôûоҸоһжԺͻܰûʲôͻοʱ򣬻Խʱ򣬽Ҳܰûʲô쳣
еΪڻȽǿԽûй˵ʱûвλãûʲôͻصвˣ
ҸоֻЩ꣬ҵĿ֮¹ԹԵĴڵ
һʲôԹԵģҪѹ߻ħˣ
Եİѹһɣַо֮ڰĽԪ궯ܿڵ֮ںֱײ
ôڿ˰ɣʾһַ¡
ַͷǺ˵ûǽԼѹô˿Լ϶Ѿ߻ħ
ŭĵҸ˵һСɵԼĽĹǽԣԲܶǿǸŽȫǱĩã룡
ַһˣǡô죿
ҪĲҪûͻԪתô㽫ڵýԵԣ
ַ簴սĻˣӴĻϵȫڵڣԪؽ뵤֮󣬽ԪֿʼڽѹֹԹԵĴһߡ
ڻԪַĵ֮ȶַ֮翪ʼŽԪתȫ
ַоԼӴһʧԼΪĴԪһֱµһֱתͣ
һܵкͶĸгַֱַſһ߸Ż
ЩĵôɣҵĻ˰ɣѹУڹƾͷˣľѨλһˮͰһϵװȥպһͰˮպܺӦ㱾ıԴװȥȴֻаͰ巴Ե
ĵ֮ԵˮǴᱬ
ַѾ֪ԣַôô£ͬôǿΪʲôǳӦҺͽԵûκγͻ
ѪͬһԴȻų⣬Ǵ꣬ǵ
ַһðɣҸҲΣ֮ǰûнҡ


ȷΣջ˾ħڶڣ˷ܲѣæȥˣ״
ȻַŽһнȵİ취
һ׹Соǵҽǿԣ㲻ܸκˣѧϰŹǼʹ׹ˣ˭ɱô
ַĿ֪ŹҪԣַҲ֪һЩɵĹ˱ŵ⣬˶棬ɱ֮
ַ׹㱾Ҫ̸ҵǲǣ
ûһһᴫڸķģֻȶڵѣڿұȫ׽̸ˣ治֪ˡоǸǻ
ַһ̾һųԼܵģȻ̾鲻ַоǴ˿̸ûа취
齫оȫڸַ磬ַѧá
оķҲǽľˮԪ˵Ĺȫһڹķõ֮ڵԪûκεĳͻײˮֲݵԪҲԣȫУᷢκγͻ
оΪ㣬ȣоľоˮоооÿһĳһԵԪַнԪغͻԪأȻоͻо
ַȿʼоĻķתһɹ͸ַĵİŵڵĽͻ
͸ԽԽռͻȻһ
ˡ
ַһţȻǳϡбԴ
һ˲䣬ռƺΧʧȥһ㣬ˮһʧȥԭĵ涼ʼѣ
ַƵ֮еĽɫͺɫַ߱
ַ絤ʼɫԭİ͸ɫû˽ɫɫţܿ죬һɺɫԪš
ţֲͬԵʼûзκε궯ͳͻҲûںϻ໥˿ַΪԵںϡ
ԺͻԵǳȶĴַĵڣڵõ˿ƣַŰ
ַƵĻɫɫɫֲͬɫַڡ
ǳСַʶȴоǳǿֽȻ෴ĸоַǳԻ
ַԼĵ֮ڴŽľˮ֮䶼һֽܵĲɷָϵָоÿһĸ塣
ַоʼ߽ȫŸС죬һ죬֮ع鵤
ڶľоַɫȫַ緢İɫԼҲǳںϣûвκεų⡣
ľо֮ɫҲˮо

оĻķϣַ糤ĳһ
ַ緢֣ԼתоʱԼΪҲıΪתתоʱԼΪһԪתĸ֣תľˮʱԼΪ춼ֻһĳߣ
Ҳ˵ַȫʱκһԵһʱԵȫԼĵ֮ڣûκεӰ죡
ҪǣֲͬԵַûκεУ
˵ֻΪˡߡϣſԵַѾӵԵ
оһΪ㣬ǰǽԵԲԵںϣַֻһķѡ
ַоĳţŵַѾ֮ɫڵھĴţʱȴַĵáַ粻תô˭Ϊַһͨˣ仰˵˭ַΪ
ַչŽ飬ǽûлӦַۿǰĳ֮ʱֱһ
ˮɵĹˣ֮һƬɽɽ֮ڳʪ䣬ûһһжţ
ַûж룬ӿռָȡһʯǰȥ
Сʱַɽյ˾£һССӰԼ˵ԼĻ
ְ֡
ˮУȻɿ˵ַСϻŽܵԼϵַܵСèԼĵĺͼԼޱȼ顣
ַСèСԴοСè˺ĪơԶ˹
˿ַ綼ûºŷ֮γˮ档
ԭַѾں״ʮʮҹʱַ类ʳץ֮СèĪƺ˾
˸յ֮ʱձɱַ粻֪٣Ҳ˵ַ粢ûѰʳټҵһڣȴڵһƵ档
ǧټƵƿƣ޹ˮ׵ѹ̫Ҳܳʱˮףֻϰȴ
ϰ֮˽˾֪Լĵֱ̱˵ϣ׼ʵǵ֪Ϣ󣬻ǳܲһĴһѪĵӾôˣ˭˭Ҳܲˣ
ֺֽͨӡӡȻ˶õӡҲֻͨ;ףĿǰʽ䵱ߴɵ̩ɽһΪɲ⣬ˣôߴɻɡ
Ӹţַˣ¸½ٽһϣ֮ǱԣŴڵ뿪
ӵһֱڰϵȣÿʮСʱµַ̽Ϣʱһеʧһš
ڵʮ磬ͻȻĺˮһ󶯵ɫĺܿһ̶ˮţռڿٵʧЩĻľۿɼٶȿٵĿή
̶̵ʮʱ䣬ߵһʧȥûκ
˼״󾪣׷˾ַо֮ʱȡ֮
ַ֮󣬸ճɽãͿԶļˡ
ַ翴ˣзǳмԼʮʱ䣡ַţԼʮ첻˻ȥΪţַû
ȻСèַϵģ϶ַ֪û£Сèûиˡ
˻ȥ֪֮ͨţַΪϣ֮һַߴǰʥزμϣ֮
ϣ֮Ȼ˵Ǿ¾źŲſʼڵĽͨ߷ǳķҪǰʥ·;ңԶҪʥصķΧ֮ڣϵϵǽƺͽ磬ɻͷɲȥԣӸַ֪磬ߵԽԽá
֮ʱߴŹͬϯΪַ翪˸ףᣬϯ䣬ߴŶַ籨ŷǳϣÿ˶ףַϣ֮߳
Ͼַϣ֮߳䵱ҫߴɵҫ


164 ѩ
µ죬̫¯һ濾ŴأͨٳţݵĴڷſյ硣
߸ûӰ죬ȫڵΪȥֵ¡
Ǵ˿ַ̣硢Īƴĵطȴ˿оȣǺ̹ǣܰããһƬͻȻļ˶Щ޴Ӧ
Ϊ˿Ѿ䵱רʥΧѩǡ
ѩλڱѩϿ룬滷ɽɽļѩûзй߻Ϊ޷
˷ɻ֮ӵһ·Ұе鶼ǣ֮ϣ֮Σءֳϣ䵱δߴɵδȫˡ
ַ絭Цţţİɣֵһ߳ϣ֮ǣģ
һԵĺССϣ֮Ƕסֵˣǻ鶹ײˡ
ĪӣЦ˵Ҳǣϣ֮ǶһĥҲһսֵһԽеĵ̤ڽ£
ַ§ס˺ĪƣЦãֵģϽ𣡡
һǰ־ˣͻȻԼʱ̣Щл
أ˵תȥֱǰһ߳ϣ֮ǣ
ϣ֮˲֮⣬κ˶ڣʥصĹأݵλôߣжôǿǽƬһͬʣ
䵱ıֻǵһ׶Σڶ׶ΣǴӱѩǵıԵʥأҪѩɭ֣ɽٴ޾ԨһſԵʥأ
ʥأ˼壬ŵʥ֮أ˵ʥսʱ˼һػǿɣǧûǸɸսʥصϣʥصҲ
ǧÿ꣬ʥؾͻΪ֯һϣ֮ǵϣ֮߳ˣ඼ᱻʥɣΪʥصĵӣӴ֮󣬳ΪһԱҲΪػߡ
ʥһֱ˿ţÿľ¾źţϣ֮ʥزŻῪһΡԣв߸Ͼ¾ź֮ǰʥأ;ûиʱ䵽ȡ
ַ硢Īͽŷ򿿽һ·ڳǵ֮ͬѩȥ
ַ緢֣Щ˶Ǹ֣ЩǴ඼ɷǣһ֮࣬ЩҲӢʣ
ܶ߶һֻֻޣЩбһЩصмŮӻбһЩɰĳЩȻɰַ֪ǵսǳ£ַ绳ﱧŵСèһսģ
ַԶһǱ߼ĸߴĽʿݵµľ޴ħϣһɫǹ⣬ɷѡ
Ǳվ˲˵ˣŷ˵ˣ
ַ籾Ϊֻ˵û뵽Ҳˡ
һħʦǶž޴ʯķȺͼ׺ͷţһЩʿżޱġࡱЩһֱԱվţַ緢֣ЩûкûκΪ
ַð֣ˣ
ҵ˱ȽעִƼķչһЩִĹԪض뵽֮УûǿиߵʣЩѸԼսԼǶͬģ
ַûмôһһطַýһ¼˵Ϊֱַ֪֮һ͵ΪߵĻʼת
֮£ַȴǷǳͨҲǳ⣬ʲô֮ɫ
ԶɽֱߣַͻȻһˡɽһɽһһλʿںԼĵ˵ʲôַĿտȥɽһĿҲ˹
һ򿴵ַҧгݵĳ嶯ϴַ統ӵɽһߣ᳤ܲԱɽһһֱûлᱨһʱ
ɽһתͷԼĵӶһӳַķ˿ȻϹЦ⡣
ַûᣬַΪͬգûаѶַϣȻַ粢УֻҪ֪ҪԸԼͺá
ѩ֮ǣ޴ĳſڣŽսʿվڳߣάűѩ֮ǵ
ſڴ˲֮⣬˶ڣЩɷǵĳǣҲ֮⡣λǿΪ߽ţЩЩſڵĽսʿԻĽɱ
ַţеɨЩսʿַ緢Щսʿʮ£Ϊϣ
ַ֪Щ˵Ϊ𺳲ѣĽг
磬ôˣţǺ£ĪƿַɫЩԣЦǺǵš
ַӲӵЦЦû£ֻЩսʿΪɲ⣬Щȶѡ
ĪƵЦţðɣɣֻҪŬܿͻᳬԽЩ˵ġ
Ҳǰ磬˵ûЩ˵ΪҲķǳãҲµûĻЩ˶ʥĽܳӡ
Īƺͺ赭дͱַ첻ѣѩǿŵʿ˵ôʥصжǿ󣡵ǺĪƺЩϰΪѡ
ַжԺĪƵָһ㣡˵ǾӴǿߣѾϰˣôļһǷǳǿģ
ѩǿֻһʱ䣬Ҳǰ¾źţڣôͱٽˡȻû˻Ҫڣ˶Լĵ·ʲô£ɳǿ߱ǰ
ߣʥ֯ʣĸң
ǰӴǰǵĶųӳЩ߸ϵһɵӣ˿̶ԹԵûһ˸κԹԣԹҲ˵

Ա𣿡

ַԶԶһλӴһòŮӵĻ˾ͺˣԱŮֱӻˣСôѵ㿴ҵԱôⶼҪôѵʥص˾ô۸ô
ʵЩӴǹһЩ⣬ҲǶЩνǵһּ򵥵ԿУһһȻ¼ڲᣬҲڿ˷Χ֮ڣеĲ߶֪
ÿʵⶼǲһģպŮʱӴе΢͵ϸպ⣬ǣŮһ¾ŭˡ
һеĻҲûʲô£һŮӣҵô˵棬Ů϶ôӣ
ӴŮķŭһźޱףԱ𣡡
Ůŭ֮ʲô˼
ӴûʣȻڵԱһûд
ܿ죬ֵַˡַóԼĲƣӴ߼һ£ջһˡ
еĲߵƶջأȵһεʱֻᷢŵС

ַ硣
á
ַһ㶣ǰԼһߵʱԼİ÷ǳĹ㷺ԴԼԺĲ֪Լİʲôˡÿ춼ڴɱɱ֮Уûʱȥʲôá
˶ӢϷŮ
ַǳʵⶼǰİãõľǵϷŮȻֻǵϷϷЦѡ
ԴַԺĺþûеϷŮˡ
ַĻش𣬺ôЦߵĺĪƶ̿ס
ʲôãһߣþռҩдȵȣѲ˹ϵַİõȷⲻѡ
˱˰ܣ⣬ֵܱ˰ܣ˫вֻʱȥһˣ˭
Աߵ⣬ڿţĪЩζĿַ磬ôشַشȳˣôĪֵܴ˿϶ܣشֵܣôԼ
ʲô⣡
ַ붼û룬ֱӵҲͬʱֻҪ˭Ҷںˣһ᳹׽йϵ˶ɱ
ַĻشúĪƷǳ⣬ҲԵ˵ͷ
ɣ
ߴɴ
ַ籨֮󣬺ĺܶ˶ǳмΪߴɵսЩɳȣʵ̫Сˡ
ˣš߰ɡ
Ӵַ߽һԲε΢תȥ
ưСһССĻʾһЩϢ
ĻʾŲߵѾǼǵÿ˵Աߣ䣬ƬɵϸϢ
һǧˣôôַࣿ绹Сˣźֹһǧ
ַȥ֮ĪƺͺֻĪƺͺ˵ݳһ֮󣬽Ӵʲôûʣͷ˹ȥˡ
Сֹţˣ˱ˣ
ȻЩɺͳɵĵǶ֪족Щʲôطˡ
ַ˱һĽӴС֮󣬱ѩǳַ֣۲ŹȺ߷ǳ٣඼һЩͨˣӽӴС֪˶ǱѩǵԭסʥĻʶЩͨṩ
ַ˵ͷǿٴɶҪʹӦģҪԷճġ
һߴĽַѩǵĽÿ˵ĴǹŴ˵ķѩǾһŴУȫûִϢ
ַ类һӴС㰲ŵһҾƵ꣬ƵҲǹŴľƵ꣬ɾţź֮󣬽ӴСǶȥ
ַ緢֣Ƶסȫȥϣ֮ǵߣַѾʾǵĲѾٶˡ
еĲ߶ѩǵǼ֮󣬲ſԳֻܵȣҹʮ֮ǰЩûֻᱻȡʸ
ʱʾѾ˾Űپʮˣֻһˡ˵ʱ򣬻û
ϳԷʱ䣬ַ硢Ī˿С顣
ܣܣ˴βһǧˣϣֻ֮һٸǾʣµľŰ˶޷ϣ֮ǣʥôЩڵϣ֮ǵ·ɱ
ַжϣַҲжϵûдϵ֮ʾ˵ϣȻЩ϶ڽѩ֮֮ǰЩӴߵǼǵġ
һǧˣûкĪƵ֣ߺŵ˾ǲһҲõıȥ׷ɱ
ĪƵ˵ûǰ˵ÿĲ߾һٶˣ·ϺˣϲݵĳҡΪսϣ֮ڣ棬Ĳ߻ܽϣ֮ǣ״ȷЩ֡
˵ͷ磬ߴɵЩߵȣƫ£Դ϶ΪЩնɱĿꡣԣһ·ϣ˲įˡ
˵һ㶼ûдߴ׻Ƶ۹һ˵еƫϵɣ˵ôֻµȵˡ
ַǲȥǱˣǣǾͺԥɱ֣
ĪƵͷ
ĪƵһǧˣʱ˾ŰپʮŸˣͲôһڶˣ˻˵˭ô󣡡
͵ĺһھƵʮа˾ǳˣƱˡ
Ļ䣬˵ͬʱһϢһɵƬĻϡ
ַ翴˵ƬֱһΪǡСѩŮ洺Сѩ
ô
ַܿ緭ĵĻһҳ֪ΪʲôԭСѩɱѪĴƣ
ģٷʥصֻƣһʮ֮ˣֻҪʥصҪҲûнϣ֮ǣǰ


165 ԩ·խ
˵Ĳ߿ϢжԾѡһɱѪĲߣǧĸϵ϶мλǿ߱ȻƱˣôֻ˵˶Сѩɱˣ
ǧͳֹΣеĳûյʥصиоƽ⣬ֲôõһᣬǾƣоЩʿ˵ͽеû£档ʷֻΣζǳɹǺƵ˶⵽ȫ׷ɱһ
ѱ˵ˣƶǸ˵̫Ҫˣ͵͵û֪Ҳûʲôضϣ֮ǳĿ̫Сˡǣ֮󣬶ÿλ߶õϢÿ֪£Ǿ͵ݺݵϴһƣʣǸܵˣ
ƵһԣûǸеĵ۰·ȥ˼Ƶ⡣
ܶ˿Ϣ󣬶ǰϣ֮ǵ·ϱܿŮˣǻһɫĴ𣬿Ů˵ò֮󣬾ŮռΪС
ĪüͷŮ˼ŵˣôûɣ
ַ粻ʲôŮ˽Сѩͬһռˣˣһ֮Ҽң϶һսԣҪıܿŮˡ
ַ绰䣬ʱĪȥš
һɴҵİŮӻ˽ֱߵַԱߡ
ַλվĿ⵭ĶŮˡ
ַ磬þòû뵽㡣ŮӵǳƽκεĲԡ
ַһ亹ʲôʲôԩ·խ
ĪѾо˲ԾѾ²⵽ǰŮ˭ˣ
ַҲǳƽĵ￴СѩС㣬Ҳǳ⣬СѩСʱĻһ
áСѩڴӦȻǳ󷽵
ѾַСѩΪ˿СѩΪѾԲСѩѾ˲ʯΪ
ַɲΪУĶϣ룡
ַ磬ҾһСѩǳȻĸַ羴ƣַоշǳĲԾ
ŵĺĪҲȫ䱸עСѩһһ
ַһ㶣ѾͷԼľˣ
֮Сѩɵĵַ磬ǵõ֮ʱ˵Ǿ仰ô
ַ緭ż䣡ͻȻԺﴫһ仰ʱСѩҧгݵĿַ磬ǳߺַŭ˵һ䣬գһɱ㣡
һɱ㣡
ʱַ粻֪Ů派Ѫ׶СѩжҪٺַʱľѳۣѾûа취ˡ
Ů派ѪֻܴŮ޺ˣԼİˣַ粢Ů洺ˣҲСѩˣ
Сѩֻѡ񣬵һַһ˫˫ɣȻܣڶǾɱַ磡ֻɱַ磬Сѩа취ַȡŮ派Ѫ
ԣСѩǳԸѡڶ
ַ΢ЦţСѩС㣬ҵȻǵãҵҸм㡣ѵСѩСǰǴô
ַĹ٩ȻСѩ˫ð˻⣬ǺܿѹַȷǾԼַǽСѩСѩѾˡ
ַ˼ףҿľˣ㵱ʱҶʲôʼվѵҪԹô
Сѩûзǵľ֮һҲᱨľ֮Ҿһ֮һɱ㣡
Сѩתߣߵſڣתͷַ磬ϣ֮ǾĹأ
СѩߺĪƿַ磬Ц磬ôܸоλСѩְ޾ĸоôˣǲǰǸˣ
Ҳ磬Ҳ̸շǳĹ֣ʼʱһΪСѩɱģǺǵ̸֮ʲô¡Ҹоְ֮ĸо磬˵
ַ͵һȭЦ˵˵ҺûʲôֻɱҶѣ
ΪʲôҪɱأ˵˵£ԷŮ洺ˣܸ㵽֣ıǿҪж٣ɾͷˡ
ǰ磬Ůǲġ
ַУðɣҸǣŮ派Ѫ
Ȼһȡ
磬Ů派Ѫǡǲǿģ
һǿģûСѩղеĺ𣿡
磬ĴҪȥŮ

ֱַӲˣȥڷ˯ˡ
ڶһ磬ַѩɭֵķ
׼ʱ̣־ƵеĲ߶Ѿˣƶжģߵˡ
ѩɭ֣ڱѩϣɭֱıѩǣɭ֮ޱȡ
Ĵһڱѩɭ֣ѩɭڵħ޵ȼǳĸߣڴϺ֮µħǵѾһĸ߶ȡ
αѩɭ֮ãҪͲɱҪʹħɱ
սѩɭֲãͿǰһƬѩǵʬ壬°ͷʬѾ䣬ȻϹȥɱ
˳ǰ˵ĽŲǰУһһ·ҲûħޣҲûˣһʱ䣬ûκΣա
ϣһô֮ϢΧŻѳſ⣬ַ³ĿɫζȫúĪ޲ڡ
Щ谵ĿռӰӰڰٵַ˽ӽ
Ϊ׵һһӣ˷ֳ飬ַ˰Χȥ
˻ǳſ죬ƺûзֵ˿˵Ѿˡ
ַһ⣬գˣպһ
˭ɱĿ죡ĪƵЦš
ЩĵܣҪУЩ˶Ǹ֣Ҫȥף

ַԱߵ˭ǵû˵ϣʱһħʦɻ
˭ܺߴСһˣܺõȥ϶֮ҩ߹ݡ
᲻ǡˣ
ʮˣǶģУôһлһԿôôϻˣɱҾɱ
˸պսʿħʦҲɱһ
һٽӽַʮ׷Χڣǿַ˻ûвǣΪ׵
һķУͱ˪ַ˵ķϯ׼ͬʱ֣ԼĿ񱼶ȥ
ħʦַ˽Ĳֻ࣬Σһǵ̫ԭСʹýʱǿħַ£ڶַս֮ʱǵصıз籩Ҫַ
ԣַħʦǳĽСģһʼַáо˵֮ڵĻϵֱӳΪһԪתĸ֡
ַĶǶ켶𣬶ԷıиյַǰַתŹһȵϢַϱЩַ׷Χ֮ھͱȫڻ
ַǲȫʩչħʦ˹ȥ
ħʦߵսʿû뵽ַôϿַߴɣֻһתĸַ֣ϱǿϢȫǳԽĴڣ
սʿѾˣѾûпˣֻҪܣԼĻ飬λħʦ϶ҵֻӲͷƤȥҪħʦħʦַжħʦַս취ܡ
սʿߴ࣬һ˫־޽ֱֱַĳ˹
ַһöһѺɫ޽Уѽ֮ԳΪ޽ΪףȾԱǰսʿ˫־޽Ҫһ࣡
һƬڣȥƽ棬ҲһĽ޶˾޴֮ûκص㣡
ôһѾ޽ַǵţȥǳַеľ޽û˿һ㡣
û˿ַϵľ޽û˿ѽͻʮַΪѽ᲻ϵӣַŽȥ־Ҫʮ
ΪѺɫľ޽ġ񽣣


˵ڶھħ֮ڻһʱȫ֮󣬾ħͿԻûֻǳ̬һĽûʲôַռĶ̽ΪħҲ᲻ϵľﵽܵռ״̬
ַĶַָ֪ľ޽ôأַ׾ٵһֻŽ˹˫־ٽȥ
սʿҪȶߴϺܶ࣬սʿĵסַһ
ǵʿĽַĽӴһ˲䣬ʿоԷĽһѴɽһԼѹ˹ʿûл֮ϣ
ʿıַ룬ַ粢ûпʿʬ壬ֱӽǸħʦ˹ȥ
ħʦΪʿԵסַټԼħӮ֣ܾûģħʦˣʿֵһжûн¾ͱΣ
Ϣ˵ַߴɵĴֻһСɵĴΪֻתôô
ħʦûʱˣʩչٻֻԵַٶȼӵʱ䣬ַѾħʦʮ׷Χ֮ڡ
ֱַħʦĵϵħ𽣿ħʦħʦֵĿ֮£ħʦǸսʿһַ翳롣
һĵַϣžַըַȫһսԵڵء
ַԪڵΪһһħʦĹȫԣֻС˶ѣöԷʹʲô֮ħ˿̵ַɲСôˡ
ַɱ֮ĪƵսĪѾɱǸħʦ˿սʿԿţĪƵĹò˵ǳĳÿηغͳǳĵλȫǵвҲжҶĴ򷢡
ַ翴óĪڱʵСɱ֣ȻĪƺǸʿ˸ƽ֣ʵĪѾռȻַжϣĪòһӾͿԽ֡
ַȥսֻǱһҽУַ߱
磬ô죿ַ磬ǳĳԾ
ַĵɱôܵٶҲǳ졣
ĪƵķ򣬴һܣ湻ûսپ
Ļ䣬Ǹʿͷ­߸ߵķԶȥ
ĪƹԷΪ޼ĽǳأֻѧϰһЩѡ
ɱ˺ԣ׼ҹ
ڶһ磬˼
ʱ䣬ûʲôΣգʱ˿ŵͼڱѩɭֵΧٶȣһʱǵϣ֮ˡ
˵룬ռ¶ѾʮȣùֿҲᱻֵӰ죬ַҲо˺䡣
죬ڷ˼˵ʬ壬ĸֳһƬǽ塣ֳϢжϣⳡսչãʱ
˼ףη˼ʮʬ壬˻ռ룬˵˫սࡣ
˹۲һΧĻַˣǶߺ߱ǵжԹϵϣ֮ǵǰδеĹ࣬ЩСռ࣬ЩӾͺ˼ɵɱˣȥ϶һս
ĪԵ˵ͷ˵ûսĻγһԱĺð취أгԹϣ֮ˣһţǶ߻߶ϣ֮ȡõһһδϣֻ֮߳ʮˣʮΪһԼɱ߲Źͬ˳ǧǰˣ֮ڣϣֻ֮߳ˣĻһˣԴﶼű֮ģԣû˻ģûнȥϣ֮ǣ棬ֵ̫ˡ


166 ϻ֮ս
ַǶϻŵλãѩɭڲ봩ϻţǹȥ
ŵӵͼ߿Ƽĵȫ·ľϻŵķ򿿽
ѩıѩ磬ֲͺҹ˿Ѿ賿ʱ֣ΧĹֻ΢Ȱ찵һЩûʲô
ϻţӱѩɭΧڲһӵ㣬˵ţʵ޴Ԩߣͨͨ
ϻŴ˫ԳţǶߣұߡ˫һҡսȴ֮ϡЩ˶ԶԶĹš
жףһǧ֮ڣֻм߳ʣµ˶Ҫȥϣ֮֮ǰҪɱŰٸʣһٸ˽ȥɱʮ
ɱˣǻɱأߵ뷨Ҳһ϶ìͷȶ׼˶
ܸԵӪˣ˭˭жĳԹȷ£Žһ£һ¶⣡
ַ翴Ĵˣһῡʵ꣬Լʮ£ͭɫķɫϿԵ÷ǳнַϵ֪ܲĴ졣
Ѿȥ̫ԭǮٳǻƽëԶַĵˣַķǳᣬǲ֪ôģַ翴һ峺Ⱦû֮⣬Щϲĸо
ұǸŮˣƮݣһĸоĿ֮к䣬ɱȻɽƮӡ
ɽɽǶ½Ϊǿɣÿʮһεᣬɶ޷ɿ⣬ĵɽɽ
ʮɽưԣԣƮӾ͵Ĵͷˡ
͸һǾˮˮҲֵжԵĹϵֻҪ֮Ķ˼ͨˣ϶֡
Ǵʱ˿̽ȣΪ˶Կߣ߻ѡˡ
½ߣͬ½ưԵѡ֣һħĴ͹Ĵ˹ˡ
½ͺͶ½һʣħ綫ĸ󽭺һʡ
СͱħΪħʦʮ꣬Ѿһλħʦ൱ŵĴɾ磬һɫˮϵγʮϣʹͳǳƣһǻӽ
Ĺʿ˹һͷʮ׵Ļƽ֮ϣɫ׵ǹһƽ׽˹ʵʵֻ¶һ˫۾
ڶݣԵõķǳǿħʦʿ߶ǿħ޻ÿ϶װߣװûмҲֻʮһЩͷǳСޣ绢ǡӵȵȣȫЩ;޷ȵġ
ʱַΪԼһװǽַ飡ַˡħһ㡮֮󣬿ɵļɽԼ壡԰Լͭǽһ㣡͵ڰԼƳһ
ֻʱַ磬ֻ˫۵õ˽ǿֻﵽĽ׶Ρ򶫷޵ߣһһЩҩ⹦ǿԼ壬ȥװΪװʼԼ߱ȽְҵͬѡħʦʿԼȫ׵װԼ
ԭ˫ŵԭΪϻʮ߹ŵʱ򣬱߰ˡ
ϻֻӵԨĶ棬Ԩѩɭֳַ룬мľٶףҪȥץס޴ܷѩʴǳĻ֣ߣһͻҡڲвͻֶȥԨû֪Ԩʲô˵޾Ԩĵڰ˲ţֻǴŶѣû˵ȥܻ֮ųϡ
ϣʮȻߵħʦվԨϣʩչǿħֱӽ˴Ԩ棬ʮһ⣡պñ쿴һĻ
һжħһģ
״ϵƮӣƮӿʼʱ򲢲ͬͶΪͲԼ£ֻҪԼܽϣ֮Ǿͺã˷Լ޹أǵ˵˵ȫĵķ֮ʱƮӵˡ
첢ûѣȷ˵仰ұǳıĺӣȫûаѶ߷
ƮЭˣͶֶԿߣƮӣΪƮкܴĺƮǶ½ҵӲ˵ƾƮӵòǶĸԸԸƮӺǶĻݶЩɵĵ˵ǳķУûĵǲ
ȫԶ֮ҲԼһ˽ϣ֮ǣܲһ壬ǻѪߵӺݺߵıоŭ죡
潻֣ɱ˾ɱˣȫɱ⣬Ҳ˵ʲôֻ˵Ϊ޳ܵݺԽܲˣ
ƮӺͶһټһЩʶĺЩĵǰϻţַߴɸûƮӵټ֮ڡ
ϻ֮ڣ˫ţ˭Ҫһȥһ˾ͻ˭ȥҲ·һ
ԣ˫ʼţû˸϶ϻţ
˫ûдһֱִֹȫ֮֯еţһǴ֮սô˭ҲҪҲҪϣ֮棡
һ·߸϶½սȻڴôƲҪڶϻϣ߱ݺҲҪ
ҪľǾĻ˵еĶ߶Ƿ仰˶ߵĹߣ
죬ô߶˵ˣԸǶߣʲô£ȴҹ˶ϻ˵ѵ˶𣿡ܴѾ޷ܶˣ˼ǶסҪ߹ȥ
ҵ˼ѵôûֹκ˹ϻţ˭ûйȥûб£˵ǶȫǷȫǶжߵ裡£һߣȥ
ҲƲѣɱʮûʲô£ԼҲһʱ˵˵ѣʱоܸûˣû뵽ץ˸ţԼ˳ȥžҲûץס죬ڸΪǾ仰
Լ⣬ûϹ˵ʲôڸԼô棬ѵҪߵǸħᣡԼǸĻħĵǸˣᶪħ棡Ҳ
˫ֲ£ֲǸ˶ӵǶߣ඼⡣
ĿŶ죬죬㲻Ҫ̫֣Ҫҽţ㲻Ҫ˵ȥ·
컹û˵ԱߵƮڿ˵ǵסߵȥ·ôеĶߵǸˣǱ룡
ǸǸǸ
Ʈӻ䣬ණ߶źƮӵĺȻҪȶҪܶࡣ
ҲǸʵǸˣ¾ˣܵǸĵǸˣߵ߶ԭԼĲֹħߵ
ﻢ£治֪ôˡ
ŭ죬ƮӣҪҪҵǸܣ
ЦͷͦӲģǺãҪɸң
ãڴӦӮˣ¾ôˣΣ
һЦѾеĶߣΪӮôˣˣ˻һһսֱΪֹ㻹ô
ɫһһףĿණߵɫɨеĶ߶ɱڵĿԼ˵ûӮ˶ûõģڵĵеĶߣٸ˳ս㣬οЩ˶ţж
ҵǸ
ڷˣܴϣ֮߳ôԼĹâһڸǹε裡˭Ҳ﷢飻߲϶ˣô˭˵£ѾˣԼйϵô
һӸͨˡ
û뵽찡ħȷһŰһЦ
ţеĶ߶ЦһʱЦ޲Ҹȥ
Ļ˵ĳЦĴ̼ٿߵͬҲԱĵĿ⿴Լ鶼ˣ
£Ҷ̫ʧˣɥʧһߵϣ˵ԱߵĹʿ˹ˡ
һʿϺͳŵıҪʿ񣡴˿ʧȥԼϣ˹оΪǶԼһ衣
˼˹˸£һħʦҲսʿʿʧȥ˻һûˣȥң
˹˴ŭħ֮еĵһˣ㾹Ȼ˵ĻֱǶħ裡һߣûϣΪʲôΪܣ
ߣ˵꣬˹һ𣬼ʻŽµľһȥ
Ž˹һߣҲŽ˹ȥһ򣬺ܿ죬Ķֻʣһˡ
Ŀ⼫Ŀ˶Ʈһۣתȥ
ʱƮӶӿһۣͬʱΧм䡣
ţе߽ŰΧ
ٸ˽Χм䣬ڲףԼǸ񣬶ǲŹԼģ
ԼǸĻ߿϶ԼǸղԼѾǸˣǹԮ
죬ƮӣѾǸˣǻʲôҧгݡ
ǵǫˣ˵ǸˣǾͷô
㡭һᡣ
һеߣֻǸô
һ룬϶Ź
ѾˣԼѾ˱˵Ȧ
죬ƮӣҪǾ
Ʈӵ˶࣬һˣԶ٣ķսֻҪɱͺá˵ˣôûйϵˣǾô˴һѾǸˣ
Ц˵ûŸ㲻ϧҪǾô
ŭû뵽ĵҲô޳ܺһţҪôսһˣãǺã
ƨսôֻҪɱѣ
췢£˫Ѿ˲ݵĵˣƮӿ϶һôΣնǿĵߵģôߵֽɱ
쳤һѾڿлĻ˹ȥƮӽеķʤ޴ɫķ˹ȥ
ǣ඼սţÿƺҪйԼķŭһ˼룬ֳٸ߶ֵսӿȥķΧСһȦ
Զַ˲ûжȻҲʮҲûжֻԶԶĹš
ַܾﲻԣħĵһţνţħ츳ãͷԾռһ룬ôԶ׼Ȧôϵ
ܣܣô£
ĪƵûô򵥣ħĺһӦԱȹĺǿ׳յĳ̶ȣ֧ģνϺ˸ƨ˻Ҫʧȥϵˣ취һԼʧȥϣ
ĪƵĻô׳յһè壬ǿ˵


167 Ԫ
ķ趯еħȣһȺħųǣֻʱˣô˶Ըһ޷˵κˣµˮϵչ߷ɣڶʮ׵ĸ߿֮Уʿսǳѡ
ǿʼٻԼ޷кսܶҲתкսһһħŵı£
˭ɱô˵һӻǵһ޷ﵽĸ߶ȣɱһħʦǺεҫܶҲڻս֮б뷨
սȦ֮кܶ˶Ǵ͵ģΪǷԼսһȥƮӿʼʱȷƴ˼ΣǺҲ˴͵ˣʱʱ΢һ֣ûд潻ս
û֪ƮӴ˿Ǳȫǣƣ޷
ͬһʱ䣬ƮӸоѪӿڽţж֮˶ɫζġɢ֮˷֮ùֲԼжùڼھͻᶾһֱɢΪֹȻҩֻάʱʱ֮󣬹ָֻ
ǣƮӶ˶ͬʱԵ緹
ɽһ
ͬʱˣɽһһĴӣʱɽһ˵ΪףƮӺͶˣԾóѾõףȻƮҲ̽ƣûʲô⣬ʱô˶ˣҪǣҶ˵ˣԸߣ˭Ҳ뵽ɽһ¶
˿̣ߣûпɽһӰ
ȹɽһƵˣʮ߸ˣʮ߸ǶսߵˣһζԸߣ֮͸ϵ˭ҲûзԼж
Ȧף챾ƮΪԼµȦñ꣬û뵽ǱԼ
û뵽ɽһᱳѶߣ
ܿ죬ЩѾ뵽⣬ַ뵽һȥˣҲʼ뿪սȦҲŽֻͣǹš
ǻкܶͷԼ߼ˣֻһ˭ΧɱһɱǿУԼǸлϣ֮
ӹȥˣǼԦԼɫʣǻûа£
Ц˵Ƕ߶Ƿǻϣǿô˴һɱңǿɱǶˣѾʮ˰ɣǣɣ
˶Ʈӣж˶ɱˣ˿̵ֻһСˣѾ࣡
һһħʦ
жˣҿϣһɱŭš
ǴʱѾĻɢ˭жˣ˿ǶƮǹüߵ
ұţжˣɽһµĶǾȫɱƮӵĻ˺ܴãһӿȥ
ƮӵмʮʹڱƮӣҲƮһһֱɱˣܱ߱ˡ
û˱ƮӺͶĻ˿촦ˡ
ò˵ھ֮ʩչħǳռƣԶֵĹ򲻹ˣµľչ߷ɣܹȥ
ҲŹľеĹӲ˲˾һ˿һ
ɱҵľҸǣҵɫǻ¡ģӲ̶ȲѺϽǸ˲ˣɱң±Ӱɣ
ŷȣڶߡ
ΣļŭеߣҲ˽߿պս
ѹ޴󣬺ܿϱ˼æʩչŻָħָ͹˼ڻָҩˮӾϵ
ܻĴ˹ˣڵʲô
Ļ䣬ɭֵܳİٶߴ˷򶫷ӿ˹
ʱ򣬶߻ۼһսħʦһŵĳڶߵܣǿԶ̹ħ򶫷ߵλǵصľ˹
״֮жһᣬһɫâɫӰ
ԭⶼߵȦףһеħʦѾãʱһ׼õħʦ֣ÿħʦʩչȫǿĴħ
ԵħһصͬʱԪ֮ųҵıըһʱ䣬ѩɭɫɫͷף̻һѤѤǵϵһѶѵʬ塣
䡭
һʱ䣬һıըҽ𣬶һĵ˵ϡ
Զַ绹ʮûвս߼״Զȥûκѡ
ַߣº߶Ƿǳǵģ˵ˣַⳡսԼûжϵǰôôֻҪǲңҲ֣ңֻ·һ
߿ַʮܣҲ׷ǿʮѾܵĶЩġ˵ˣǰ·ҪɱǵĻǡ
ַǰţʮҲѡӺüλܡ
˵·ǻΪ㣬Ϊһ𣬾ͻΪħʦйĿ꣡
ַܳһξ룬ʱһʮ׿⵲סַȥ·
硭
꿴ַ磬ֱ˹
ӵģһ㶼ӣʵļ⣬һ˫۴ЩѪɫ
ӣ
ӳ󣬵磬û뵽￴㡣
˵ţ͸ַһַָܱо
ˣӣϵϢһϲÿһΣ㻻һĺòĸ㣡
ӺٺЦұòȻΪԼݣβˡĺòôĽɣ
ӵòȷַܶʼɣģòЩСŮϲĶ
ַ˺ĪƺʶȻˣĪƶҲǳкøС
ӣһô
Щĵ磬㻹ǱˣѪǰɣôңҷǳûӡ
ðɣǡ
Ӹӵ磬ҲһˣĸѪ嶼ǳУħǵĵˣѪЩһֱɱҲһˣһʲô취ڿ˴磬ٺ١ھͲһˡ
ַܿҲܿģȻӽӴַ࣬ǸֵýѣȻǸˣȴû˵ѪͲ̣ǳֱ
ĸһ·ȻֻܴڶϻŸϾҪѩɭͱϻţ
ͶսڽǶƮӱɽɡһˡ
һΪװףɽ߽ϴ˶һҲʵɽһ
һƮгԹϾɽɽΪ֮λʱĦͬʱûΪ֮һĵһˣ˭˭һɱÿζƽָգ
һǲƮӵģƮһĻɽһȫûа취ɽ⣬ʱɽͿѹɽһͷˡ
Ŀǰ״߼ȫûֻ˼ˣ˫̫⣬Ʈ˵ĻԼһôȥߣԣһȣǵҲҪȣ
ǳıֲòô
һֻǾˣҺڶ߿⣬ǾȳˣԼҲһˣʹûþܣֱӶеƮͬԼ
Ǹöһĳ̶ϻᱩ©Լλá
һƮƴܣڰ·ڳſַˡ
˿˺һһԿ⣬;Щ֣ˣַ˿
ַԶԶĿˣ΢Цŵλ˵Ļ͹Ե㶫ɡ
һҲֱΧ
ַ罫õ˵˹ȥ˷ǳļ󣬲ų
лСֵܡ쵭Ķַ΢Ц
һƮӸû˿л⣬αװһµ鶼ûУԼΪ߸ϵλãܳʳѾˣҪл
ʲôʱˣ߰ôһС£ַ;öǿˡ
ַ߳Աߵ֣ϻһսǶ˲أܹʣ¶ʮˣ߻İٶ࣬һǺã
Ȱϣֻ֮һٸǱİٶˣǿ϶Ҫɱģɱ֮ҲûжˣʱҺ͵һֺƮ֣ǲҰôġСֵǼҪСˣ⣬ҲǷһ飬ǲɱԼߵˡ
ַ絭Цţ漴ϻûһʵĵҩڶǰ֣ôأⵤҩˣָģɷģûκεĺ֢


ħĵڶڽѾȫռ䡱ѾȫħԻûȻҩȻþħҩ
⡰Ԫ˲ԻָĵҩȻȷǳĵͣѾָˣȸߵģַ᲻ó
쿴ŵҩԪ
찡ҿʲô˵еԪ
ǳûнӵҩôصĵҩôܳܵ
µһƮɵˣѾԼĮ̬ȣöԷˬˣԶԷóųӣ
һƮӵ񶼲Ϊ˾һ˿ɱ⡣
æֵСֵܣƼˮ꣬ôصĵҩܲ𣬺οҵڰ֮ڻȫָôصҩڳȫǱСֵջأмǵⵤҩҪǰóɱ֮
ַ׶˼ͬʱҲܵ˸ղԼóҩһ̣һƮѾɱ⣬ûжɱ⣡
֤ȷһλ֮ʿҪȻҲΪһ趫ߵĻȥȥ⣡
ַⶫĻĵ֣ȻƼˮ꣬Ҹо᳦죡һֵýѣң˶Ǿһһˣⵤҩʲôãڶֵôأõϵģ֣°ɡ
ȻСִֵˣҾͺˣֱ£ǲûгԣǾҩôˣľ˷ˡ
һƮۺĿŶ죬ʲôû˵˭ǿˣ
ɽɽ֮ڣʥҩӦоУԪûƵĳǴʦﶼƲ
ǰ˾Ȼóôĵҩ˲䣬һƮѾַ統ͬȵóҩˣûдô
ЦСֵܣҩˣ֪Сֵءҽж죬ģλɽƮӺɽĵһ
ߴɵĴַ硣
ߴɣ
˶û뵽ַߴɵˣߴɺɽɽǼֱڵصľ룡û뵽ߴɵĵӻóԪ
ְַѺĪƺӼ򵥵ĽܣȻֻǱ֣û˵ݡ
һ󣬶ֵܣ·Ҿһ߰ɣģֻҪҶڣͲֵ£
ַЦãֹˬַҲֻ֤ҪҵڣҲԲ£ȻԱߵĺĪƺλֵܶ£
ĪƵ磬ֵͬϽССϣֻ֮ǵĵʯѣ
ҲسĵȻ࣬ʱ֪ʲôǷʲô
ֵַôһ˵úַζͶˣ
ϧ˿ûоƣҪȻֵܴһ
ַշȾƵʱǣֵǴϣ֮߳飡
ò飡



168 
˿̣һƮӾûȤһŲû˵Ļˡ
һһϣڶһ磬ϻŻ
е߶Ѿ˶ϻţûˡ
ַ˶ϻţţĪơӺͶҲȥʣµһƮȥ
һƮ̫Сģ֮ţº˰㣡ʵǶˣַ˸ûҪˡ
Ǿ仰ַǲ׵ȥǱˣǹַˣַԲŹ
ַ֮󣬲֪Ϊʲôжϻˡ²һץһǾ޴ֶӱĻ쳣⻬вͻֶɲԨһɫƣȥ
׵Ķϻţ˹ԼʮӣȻŵʱ˶ǳСģŵĶ
ԤϵǣûֻʣôˣŸòˡ
˶ϻ֮󣬲Ľѩɭֵڲǿĸ߽ħޣĽħ޳֣
Ľħ൱֣ټϼǿ壬սһֶҪǿĶ࣡
ԣѩɭ˵жǳСģҪĴԽѩɭ֣ҪСĽĶܹǿħϮ
ѩ׷ɣռһƬɫÿƬѩưС˵ֻǿĿʮ֮ڵ
ַ糤ôûмôĴѩǰ˸ַ˵һƬѩаôַţַ粻Ҳûа취ʵͰǰ
ѧѾ˿һ֮ҪǰУͱùǰѩɨɾɨ˭֪ǰûʲô߶֮еħޣ
˴ѩǰ˵ϵѧ߹֮󣬼֮ڣ汻·ֻᱻѩǡ
ַ֪еˣûͻ·ӱѩɭ߳ȥϣ̫ãˣ
һƮӱ뵥жģѾַֻܺһж
Ȼ˵죬һƮˣַ˵ô򵥣ͷûнϣ֮ǣЩǲʹóģ
ַ翴ŵͼѡһ·յͼϵľ룬Ŀǰٶȣ֮ھͿԴԽѩɭֵɽ
ľҲΣյľ룬ַѡû˷ԣ߳ѩɭ֣Ǹǰò
һ죬˾˼ѩܣѩЩħ޶ʵڵ˺ѹɵס
ڶ죬ѩȺٶͷѩǽ˰Χÿһͷѩǵս켶
ѩǲһѩɽѩǣ⺮쳣ıѩɭ֣ѩѾΪߵȼħޣÿѩǵϣѾļӲһЩ򵥵ıϵħһΪһѩǶԸˣʱ򣬾Ȼٶͷ
˶һһ̲ôӣ϶ܲѩǵٶȣһֻӲ
ַ绳еСèַĽѩǣַ練ԣСèҲԼĺУѹ׵ôʱá
ַұ֤ÿһ˶ԼĺУǾԲʱã
ַԼʵҲչֳתΪĪˣҲһתΪ
Իͷһ׵ѩǣҪս϶Ƕ졢һƮˣ
λֵܣΪûҸߣЩѩǶţĸϴѩǹǣ
ַ˲սԶȻĳַ˵ΪΪͼٸΪѩǴеĻ𣿣
ַмĿ˶һۣչ˺ԼУǼû⣡
磬ֵǣҵģ
һŭ忪ʼΣһӱ׶ߣеﱻ˲ųƬǿϱը취ת֮䣬ӱһľ޴ˣ
ߴ׵ӰƤŵĽɫɫɭȻѪɫ۾ͻȻı仯˶첻ѡ
һﾹȻһӵѪͳˣ˵ĵȼѪĵȼһѪԽȼԽߣսҲԽǿ
κֱӵַǰʮͷѪǳ˹ȥ
ӻž޴ȭͷһȭҷһͷǣһȥʮͷǱɣѹһƬ
ͲɵĳȺȫԼǿֱײ·֮أһƬѩǶһʬʺɫѪҺĴɽɫѩڻһѪɫޡ
νǰȥԶԪΪȺ֮࣬ÿɱֻѩǣϾͻһСˣûӣѾѪ߰ߣǱ
һƮʵԸַһ𣬵˶ڱѩɭ·ֻʱַһ
˲ԸİνȺ
쳣ȺĶ߳ȥǵĹͬĿͷɫѩǡѪ
ֻҪɱѩȺȻȥ
ӵһ嵽ѪǰѪͺ죬ͷȸͲǰħ޿Աġ
ѪǶħޣս൱Ԫ֣ҲԪսͷŤһһʱܷѩһſž޴ɫֻǵս漴£ͷǾĵطһƬǽ塣
һȭѪҷɣѪͳǰӰڵأһȭҵ˵£ÿһȭ棬ͻһӣɼֻǵ֮󣡵µӷһŽѩ߷ɣȫӲӲĴ򷨣
ڶȥһĽĻѩѩӶĹֱĻӭӶ
ѩƾԼǿֱӴ˶ĽĻһȭ͵򶫷Сĸ˹ȥ
һû뵽ѩԼΪԪĸ֣ҷһԼɵǴλѩһнѩˣϾڶУѩֻһħޣȼȽϸһħޣ͵޶㲻ϣ
Ƕ⣬ΪѩѾＸ꣬ẮĻ֮´һֶߵز
ŶĹֻǸѩӸѣ
ĽĻֻһѩٶȶѣѩʱͳ嵽˶ǰһץ˶ؿڡ
鼱֮£켱ת˫ȭסؿڣѩһȭҷɣѩֻ˼ѣ챻ҳʮԶǹѪоֻ첲Ѿۡ
ѩѾﵽ˷˼ĵز
һƮӼ״ҲǴһλߵħޣɽɽҲǳ࣬Ǿȥɽħ޽֣֮ߵħ޻ǵһμ
˲ûʹǽڽ壬ѩ˹ȥ

棬һѩ翴ͭǽһ㣡ѩ˼Ƥ
һƮϵı˽ڽ壬Žѩˡ
˺ѩһ˻һķһȻѩǺѩ˾룬Żֺѩζ
ǣӡ졢һƮĸΧѩͬʱսѩɱ˵սһƾѩܿ촦·磬ͭǽһڿʼѣʺɫѪҺﱬѶ
ַߣѩǳ嵽ַʮ׷Χʱַ绳еСèɢԼϢȻϢǸоģڽѩǶоһֱԼǿϢ
ǣֻѩǹԹԵĺˣȻַܹˣͳԼķ˹ȥ
ѩ˵Χ֮½ڽڰˣˣʱѩȺ˷Χ˹Լˣһʱ죬һеĸ˳˹ȥ
һɱ
ʮӹڽеѩɱһɶѩѪ֮Уܿ챻׷ɵĴѧ񡭡
һлָƽûмʱ䣬ѧеʬ壬һжûз
ˣ˼ŵҩʱࡣһƮҲ˲ᣬɫǳѿ
˱ˣٺѩȺһսϼˣ
ӻָ˵ֻ̬Щƣѣûʲôˣ˵ĳǿʣ
ַߵսûʲôˣȻַҲַ֣粻Լսһ˿룡
һʱҪѩɭ֣ɽ޾Ԩһ㣡ڶȥʱˣŵѩɭԼߵһҪսҪȫ̬ϣ֮ǣ
ȻˣǲûͣЪϢˣǼ·ʱȣɲǣѩɭ˵ҪͨطΣյĶɽ޾ԨһΣյĵطԣûҪڱѩɭ˷ʱ䣡
ѩ֪ʲôʱͣˣ¶ȴڼ½ַɵĹֵϺǿо䡣
ȥ·̫ķѹַ翴ϵĵͼʱͿ߳ѩɭַ֡˵ʱ䣬ҹ߲ݣκεΣգ˳ʱ䣡
Ϊ˸ʱ䣬ַһ·ûеСϻɢԼϢ·ϵκħ޸ܵСϻ֮ʱĶӣ죬ûʲôΣա
ϣںúõϢһϣΪǰĵطͨɽġϿȡ˵סŶǱӡˣǴȴԽȥ
ڶϣ˸Ͽڡ
ӽϿȵʱΧ¼ߣһƬããѩɫҲʧԶԼԼһƬƬĴ֮ɫ
ϿȺһֽ㣬ɽͱѩɭֵĵؽ磬һļѩѩأһ糣һƬ̡
ڴһʮ׸ߵľ޴ʯڹȿڣȿһƬԻõƣڵκ
Ƿӡ󷨣ʯһֱ׵ľ޴ԴֻҪվ棬ڣԶͻᱻ͵ȡ
ЩϢϵϢ
ûԥһ˴վڴϵÿ˶оһԼţܿ죬һڰཻĹ߹ʧڴ֮ϡ
һ̣˳һﻨڣΧĿر£֮ůůŴأ˸оȫһ̹·ոոһ㡣
硣
һ̴С·ǰû߶ãںС߷ʮʬ壬ͬʱмͷֵʬ塣
ȻЩжЩǱɱġ
졢һƮӴЩʬҵµϡ
ʱһλȸˡ˵꣬ˣǰȥ
λҲˣһ·鷳ˡƮҲתߡ
ַ֪ĻˣΪַۣͲַͨУ
֣أַ΢ЦſŶ졣
ַļЦİɣ֣ѾѴҵֵܣȻ뿪ֵǵģߣ
ûֻͣܰϵʾǰߡ
˸ʮӣǰ洫һ˼æӿŲȥ
ߵĵһƮӱһȺߴ͵˰Χ˫Ȼ죡
͵һֵĲˣַ翴ʱЩ˵ĸоǡСѩ
ʮ˰ΧƮӣƮѾնɱڽ£ʣµǰͺ̵Ʈӿ˹ȥ
ں͵һȻСѩԶսԶȥ
СѩЩ˿Сߴﹾࡱ˵ЩʲôЩ˶ȥСѩƮǰ
˿̵ĵһƮվһĿĿСѩ


169 Ů洺սƮ
ƮȻ֮ɫһߺܶ඼ƮӵɫǴ˿̵ƮվСѩǰȻԼ磡
СѩһִСѩûƮӵַ糾СѩִͿһ̲סҪȥǻͿ
˿ƮлһСѩ뷨ҪȥҪܵ˺
˿̣ƮߵĵһճյĿСѩһůůĸоͲǰĴŮ֡
Ʈ˫֮ð޵Ļ磬ĶСѩǸɱѪĲߣȡ˰ɣŵСѩС㡣
Сѩһ㶼Ʈӣ˿СѩֻɱƮӣƮɱԼˣ
Ʈӣ˵ĶǷϻô֮϶ʾģ˭֪죬˭Ҫɱȵκһˣ˭Ҫ
ƮЦСѩС㣬㾹ȻЩΪ飿ʲô˼ĹУ֮ڽΪǧ֮ǰħս屳˵ö֮㾹ȻάЩʮ
Сѩŭ֪࣬ƭǵЩи߸ϵ޳ܵʵЦ֮࣡
Сѩ仰˶Ѿ֪Сѩ֮࣬ˣ

Ʈӣȥ
˫Ƕħս֮ǰƽˮˮħս֮ʱѡվħһħһԿ񣡴Ӵˣ岻ݣ
˵־Ͷ֣ǿսȻһѹԵƮˡ
ƮӴ󾪣Сѩ㵽ʲôΪ
ƮӸоԼ޷СѩԿ
Ϊǧܱ꣬ģɣ
СѩͻȻһ߲ʵԲӣӺǰƮӳ˹ȥ
һ߲ʣһº崺ĸоĵȻ
߲ʲʯǡŮ洺ˡһ֣ǿ߲ʯȴаеĽ
ϹʱڣŮ˲Ǵ˵Ǵڵʵͨ˲֪߶֪Ůһ棬ÿŮ洺˶ԼػƬء
һɣִ֮ͽŮ洺˶֣ġȻ˵ŮһҲ壬ǧǰħսô£ֻʷϵļغʹ˵˭Ҳ֪ʲô
ƮӿСѩ֮Ҳоޱȣк͵һ뷨뷨Ҫȡʯʯޱȣõ˲ʯԼʵΣɽͻѹɽһͷҳΪĵһɣ
һ㻹æƮСѩ׷֮ˣСѩΪѾﵽƮֻԪڰתͲһģ
һСѩŮһˣŮ洴ˣҲŮ˶ֵģΪҵȳŮһչˣôܶ𱨣ƮӣˡΪ
ƮӴŭ嶼аǧǰӡڴˣŮûǴ֮ĸŮ洣ǵõʯϣ֮һһٶ򣬵ʱǾͻᱻŮɱ
סڣ
һСѩͬʱ˳Ʈ˵ûʯ˶õһҲ룬£ŮһԼûйϵĻһסջСѩ֡
СѩķˣǿˮһƮϯȥƮһ֮еһСһƮƮ֧ţʱбˮûĿܡ
ò˵ɽĽǼΪϳ˵Ľÿÿʽ֮䶼ŽСѩȻƵƮûл֮СѩĹƮȫ
ȻƮԼɽŵֵסСѩͨΪ˵ΪͲһεġ
СѩǲɱƮӵģֻѵѵһ١СѩҲ֪ߵѾǳСôʮˣҪԿߣǷƮӾȻԼĲʯſ֮ģʱСѩɱġ
Ҳɱ㣬㾹ȻҵĲʯǽֻýնɱˣ
Сѩ˵꣬ͷ֮ϳһɫڣ֮ϱΥ
ƮӴ󾪣ڳ˳ַ缸ֵ⣬жǳȻ
СѩΪȻһλߣ
СѩûٺƮӷϻֱһץѾƮӸǰһץסƮӵĲӣݺݵȥ
˿ƮûаĻ֮ΪϵĲǲֲģԪҪ߳λҲʮת޷ȵġ
ƮӸоԼȫСѩסã˿̵СѩƮӡ
ͻȻһɱСѩǿƮϱըһıСѩֱӱʮ׿⡣
˾첻ѣƮѾǴ֮ˣͻȻ֮ôӵǿ
һʥϵϢռ䣬ͲƮӱϢϣʥַɱħ߱ħƣ
ӡ
Сѩʮףˣһ˿Ѫ
벻ɽɵǴ󷽣ôǿӡϣСѩһߵĻŵһСѩ»
еַҲǾ㵲ѣ̫ǿˣѾǿ˼ԽߵΪ
Ʈŭⶼҵģȥ
ƮӴ˿̺޲ýСѩ˺ƬڳظԼӡԼϣ֮Ǻͷõģ˵ľսʱ̲ãƮӸû뵽ڻûеϣ֮ǣͱ˱Ƶʹó
άʱֻ̣ܶаСʱĻϵĶ
һɫĻʹƮͷ֣޴Ļʹ֮ϳ޾ıͲСѩͷǸܱġ
ߺһλʮλҺƮӵлߵûлߵľ磡ҪȻСѩƮӵһжӲ£
СѩõԼԼǧƮֻõı˵ڿƷͲ磡
СѩƮӱƵһֻˣСѩƮӼк󣬸оУҲ֪άֲãԾܡ
ߣ
Сѩ򱱷ȥƮϷŹСѩ׷˹ȥ
һ״˹ȥеַҲȻĸȥ
СѩĪ⣬ĵ̣Ʈһʱ׷Сѩ׷ϣϼУСѩֻΧĻԶݣƮƲѡ
СѩʥŮͲΪ˲μʲôϣ֮ǵСѩߵΪμϣ֮ǵûʲôã
Сѩεǳϣ֮ǵ뱻ӡȣȱӡ˺һλǧǰħս֮ʱӡĳϣ
СѩڵһʱѾȡϵСѩҲû뵽취ȱӡĳϡ
ȵ˾ǧķӡӡǧֻʣٶࡣȻﻷѷ޷
ǧ֮ǰȣԣһأԴ屻ӡ֮ռ䱻û˲䣬һֱɢѾһȡ
ǱӡȵʣµļҲ
ַ˷ΧĻмı仯ս֮ʱȻǰٻţһƬɫӯӯռһƬ谵ղ֪ʲôʱܲϵĻľҲ֮ȡ֮ǹĵ޴ʯͷ
ʱַԺѾˣΪʼȡµĵˡ
ʲôǵַǳĲ⡣
Ϊ֮͵֮һ֮յǳɾ֮֮Ϊ֮෴ӵգ
ͣһеҪס֮ʥ֮ڤ֮ħЩҪ㵽ߵΪŸģоĺá
ŶǸ
ûģһ˵ѡҪְҵʱȽ⣬ְҵ㱾˵ʥĵ·ĵ·ȴħĵ·ͬޣʣҴûмûǵҵΪ𣿾ʱѪҾͰˡɱħһֱҶŬĵڵְҵƽ⣬ΪԺѡ㣬ڿҲûǸԣǴھ׵⣬Ҿʹоʥ
ַһ·һ׷Ʈӣһߺͽࡣ
Ϊ˻֮ں֮Լ򣬲ŻԼѡְҵַ鶼ûĸַ磬ַи׼
ռ˸ͽӴϵΪռƣܴڻΪˡ
ַҲ֪ԼǺǻֻһһԼкһʱء
СѩƮ·֮һıըʡβһ޴ʯͷƮӵĹ֮綹һ㻯˷ĩ
˵ٶ죬ĵһĸںҲ˾룬ַ˸ǱԶʮӹַѾȫ˦
ַźȼ˵ȹȥǼˡ
ðɣ磬ҪúõıɩŶ
ǰ磬û뵽ɩӾȻһλߣţ
簡椿࣬椿࣬ʲôʱһȻӸͲ֪ݼѾˡ
ַ翴ĪƺͺϷʵı飬һ١
ֿһãȻ֪ɵӣַ
ֱַתоԵսԵ壬һֻ𱬵Ϣַϱ
ڶ졢Īƺ˾Ŀ£ַԶݶȥ
ַߣĪӣӣ˵绹б椣
ǰݵһһ㣡

ַ缱תŲǲǿ׷˵һһ漱ٶַ֮ʱֱһ
һϵϢˣ÷ǳǿ
ַ磿һһȷǲַˡ
ַŵһͷ߼۶
һ״ӿٶ׷ȥͻȻķ֣ԼþȫȻ׷ַ磡
˿̵ĵһžÿʼʱȷСַ磡û뵽ߴλôһӣ
ţһǣмϤӰ߼۶ǺַһǼˡ
Ͳ˵ˣΪͺܸߣʣµ˵ΪͲߣôͻȻ֮䶼ôǿٶȣ
䡭
ǰǧ֮һıըַ缱æӿŲǰͳȥ
ַڽӽƮӺСѩսһƬǽ壬Ŀ֮ȫǱըµӺƬʮ֮˵ʬ壬ƮǹһĨѪɫҰףսɰȻĿŶ׿Сѩ
˿СѩҲˣǰȣСѩⶾ֣ȵ֮Ȼֻʣˣǧķӡ֮´ˣһǳǿߣ
Щ֮˶ѾΪˣûʲô
ĲԶٸҲڻĿߵսԭ֮˸ҩȺ͹ȿڵ֮˴ɱ˼֮뵽
ξȳϵСѩõ˱ɱϢ֮һǰʱַ˸սȣһƮøַ˺Сѩϣ˫
ǣͷƮӺСѩսľ棡ҲǱߵս˹ֻԶԶĹûпǰ
źƮһսֺʮڴԲ־սƮӣһ⣡Ʈӵս̫ǿˣжɱƮҲˡ
˿ѾʮַԹٹ˶ãƮϵķӡͻʧʱƮӿ϶ᱻɱ
ԣƮӲһеҪʣµʮھɱˣֻԼܻ


170 ħ쳽
ѾɳǿսȴûеסƮӵĽŲ˿̵СѩѾסƮӡ
ʱʮĸֳǰȥƮӴʮ˸ǴڵΪǺܿʹ·磬ǳŲ˶õġ
˿̣СѩԱߵһ꺺ӶСѩʥӡŮһҪסһжṦһʥĿǰǵսסǰŮˣʥôôǿһ࡭
˵峤
죡Сѩŭ˵ˣǷǳʱڣϣ֮ǲ߷ǳ࣬Ǵȹȥ֮پȳϡҳȥ֮ʱرǵһ֮жǵãҳȥʱ򣬾Ȼ˽ҴڸķȳϣȳֲһһϦ£ӡһǧˣѵȲôôڵǹˣ
ʵ˾Ǳӡǧˣȥ磬СѩϢ֮ʱͲϾȳ̫ϳϣȥطħô½壡
ǣСѩȥµʱڳϾȲжˡ
Сѩ򲻹ƮӣǴƮÿԲֻҪƮ׾֮£֮ϾȻȥǧǰӡ̫ϳˣСѩʱͱ
˭Ҳû뵽ֽҪͷᷢ£˿Ʈӹڽ̫ϳϵϣӡɣϺ̫ϳϿܶ
˿̣ļԶ񣬺֮˿̵СѩоܵУ顣
СѩòʯָŹΪԼȡʱ䣬ֻҪסʮӣƮӵĹһɢƮӵڣ
ʮ˱Ʈɱ˱ٶ࣬˿̼ӵʱ䣬Ѿʮڵĸֺһűɱ
ַ翴ľֻǱӡĻȻôǿַ籣֤ԼʦҲƮӵĶ֣ԼǿսƮ߲ʮУ
̫ǿˣ
졢ĪƺѾַԱߣһȻŸϵȷѡַվһ
ӿַ磬ЩϷʵĵ磬ɩˣɩǱߵô࣬ôأ
ĪҲЦ磬ǰɩӰ޾ᣬ˿̲ǺúñֵĺʱӢ۾
ַŭұ죡ܲһ㣡
ʵӺĪ˵û˿ַ־СѩĻСѩ϶мԼеĺҲٺַܶ࣬ȥҲûӢۣ˶ˣûаյ飬ַ϶ǲġ
Ʈӵս𽥵½˶ףڱӡѾˣĽ
ȥ֮ˣûһȫʬƮӵķ񹥻֮¿Ƭ˿̵ƮӾһŮħһ㣬Ҫǰˣ
⣡
Сѩһȣڳ֣ѾĿԼΪ˱Լ¡
һʹâƮ˹ȥһӽƮ棬纣ХһƮʴȥ
С
ƮӵĻһ䣬ֱһռһƬڵһ㣬˲һƬʧ
ƮȻɵĻСѩľУڵȷʧһ࣡սʱ򣬾ʧͻξȻûУ
Ʈ֪ӡϾҪˣȴʾҲҪǰŮµ
ŮһνĲ󷨣ɣ
Ʈӿʵֻ֮ǰһ֪ӡһɢԼͻ
СѩǱƮһСѩܽӵ
һƬʵʻĽĻСѩӭ˹ռƺΪ֮ͣͣһϢСѩвѣһСѩ͵ס
ȻСѩûҪӦе
Сѩˣ졪𣡡
ȫ˲ʯ֮âʢĲʯֱӶ˳ȥ
ʯȫƮӵĽĻײһ
ˡ
غΪ֮ûǿıըҲûоҵĳƣڽӵɲǷ·һ֮ƺڵƺںϣƺǵжԣƺͬԴ
ʲôַͻȻϤż䣬ַͻȻӺӽֵʱ򣬼ӡ;Ž񹦶ԿҲֹ
ϴַǽ»ǡһ⾳˿ٴַͻȻһʣûͨͻȻһ˴𰸣
·ֻһ˲䣬ƺһͰôһлָƽеʧƮӵһͷԵڵء
СѩһѪȻˣǻн֮
ٵƮӵĵطȥһƮֹȥ
ʱһѳСѩǰһСѩˡ
һɫӰ˵һ£Ӣһһһַǳ˧ĸоϸһɢһаϢ
ħ쳽
쾪
ħ쳽Ĵ˭Ҳû뵽˻
ǵߵĲþάֶ½֮ղþ鼰½ÿһ䣡˵ʥ֮⣬Դ
쳽ĿСѩЦţСѩС㣬ŮҪˡ
Сѩŭ쳽Ůɱôˣ˵ҪҪ
Ůϲ˭ҲܶҪΪУ
СѩҧгݵĿ쳽ãţҹָˣһŹ㣡
Сѩ֪ĿǰߵѾ᧿Σ쳽ǿУôֻܵŸˡ
쳽ааЦСѩС㣬ĻҲ⽫һߣҵ˯һߵĻһоͺ£㻹Ǳҵĺã֪ƽɱŮ˵ģɱһߵĻܻĳҲʯŶһҲܲջһģ
㡭
Сѩ˫ðһ±ʲô˵쳽СѩƮһȥ
Сѩ֪ԷûΪԼҪԼĲʯĻǶֵʱûУ˵ûе⣡ֻǹ٩Լѡ
磬ϱϷˡ
ӻû˵ַ꣬һȭҷˡ
ϣ磬Ҳ̫˰ɡ
ַ쳽ħʿħ˫ޣһһţ˼˼
˺ѶԸǲҪжΪá
һҲ˵ûаһΪɲ⣬ԹнҴܣǵõʱǰҵΪתܴңİþϲзǵϲŮˣɫŮΪʹߡ
ַҲǴһôַһµĳ嶯
˴СѩķȥԶסСѩ˵ȥ·
СѩСѩС㣬ǲûж⣬ֻӡĵطȥɽұȣҲʧ˼ʮˣҲڣСѩСи㣬ǳȥǾԲΪ塣
Сѩףȿڵ֮˾ЩɱģЩ˴ط϶ɱ˲ˣǴ˿̵Сѩûа취ȥֹЩˣûȥ
ã˴ǳȥǴӦң˺ǵˣ
ЦСѩС㣬ҵ˼ǣԴǳȥôҪȻҿɲȵ֮ȫ
źƮһսҪսˣʣµЩȻ඼ԪΪˣû˼ϣȡʤ
ãȥ
ʥ㲻ȥŮ洺ĵλǾԵλʲô£ȥ֮ô
Ѿˣ
ΪԼˣСѩĴ㡣СѩһˣСѩΪȻˣҲпܣСѩˡ
СѩȡһɫƣСȳ֮ǰȥ
ţˣˡ
һкСѩĵ߰ɣ
˳ַԶԶĸ˺档
ַһֱڰвûȻҲûбҪֻ鷳
ַҲСѩǰǱȫԼȥȱˣԼûа취֤ȥȱˣԼˣ޴
Сѩ߽һƬïܵɭ֣СѩǰҶżսȺĸ֣Сѩ΢춯Щ˾ͻԥĳֽСѩƷ
СѩףЩԼĲʯСѩǵóѣСѩЩɭﶵȦӣȻÿζĶİĵضΣһһʱ䣬СѩĹѾָɣָ޳ɵĻСѩһܳΧܣ
ϣڶСѩˣСѩС㣬ɭﶵȦӣҲһЩֶԸˡ
˵ʵСѩĳκ˿˶ûҪȥ˺ָоһĸоΪ֮ĸĺˣκ˶޷ȡġ
߲Ů洣ϵۣҲֻǶСѩʱȽͶѡ
Ҫ֪Ҳǵһϣ֮ǵÿһֻһΣڳڣҲҵ˿ͷҵģ˵ǳȥȴҪԴǴȥԹô
òҪˣʲôҩ¡˵ţһźɫĵҩСѩ
Ѫ֩裿ʱûнҩͻ뾭һˣѩ˵š
İɣûʱǾͻΪûĽҩģΪָô죬ǿ϶Ҫ㡣
Сѩûж˵ʲôֱӽҩ¡
СѩʲôˣŮ洺ˣŮһʲôˣϹˣö˭ܱȵϹ֮ߣ
һ˵еö¶ⲻô
СѩôЩ⡣룬СѩԼĿ֮УҲóԣ
Сѩ굤ҩұ֤һ뿪
ЪϢ˼ʱСѩ⼸ʱòʯٵĻָԼĹȻһжֽУû˷֡
֮СѩֻʱѹƣڽȥĻ˾Իֻ֣ᷢܵԼָ޳ϣ֮ٽ
ĸʱ֮ɷСѩ˴ԽһƬֹ֣ɽ壬һ±ͣ
˶һ޴ĺɫħ±ϣħֱʮϣ㼸ͬʱվҲԴͳȥ
СѩѾǹˣҩأ
˹˴ӾСѩǰСѩС㣬֪·߿Եϣ֮ǣһʥظǰŵ·ߣѩɭ֣ɽ޾Ԩһ㣬ͨطȻʥص˻ӴǴǽϣ֮ǣڶֱӴȵĴ޾ԨھŲ㣡ɱھŲġɻħͿԵϣ֮ǵڲȻĺڰħ󣡶Ƕ̫Դ󣡺ԣǴ͵޾ԨھŲģСѩСЩȫûɣ
˹˵û˹ΪһĵһʿԵ˶ԣںڰ˽ⲻضԹ˽٣Խ˹ħת˼Ȧͷ˷ǳص⣡ħɢȫ޾ĺڰϢͲʲôڣ
˿Ҳ⣬ڴ˽⣬ȻȽ˹˸࣬ħȵĹǳ⣬ȫһԵǳҲ⣬֪һĴħҪռԵάֻĻתħûУȫɺڰϢɣħ󣬳޾Ԩ֮⣬ĵط֣ܳԣСѩС㣬డ


171 ƽ
ûСѩȷ˽޾ԨھŲ㣡ȫ棡ǧϣ֮ܶ߹һ·ֻ˳ɹĴԽ޾ԨĵھŲ㵽ϣ֮ڲ
˲ռˣǴ⼸ռˣĵߣûܻŴԽ޾ԨھŲ㣡
޾Ԩٿؼأ޾ԨھŲɻħרɻ˵ĻǧǰħսֻʱɻħʱħħµһԱ󽫣ǱĻɢǻһƲлӵ˼䣬޾ԨھŲӹһ١
ս֮޾ԨӡĶħûһӵĳ
СѩԼļıʶƣ˵Ҫڣû˵Ҫĸڣѵǳ룬ֻҪͨ޾ԨھŲ㣬ɻħͿֱӽϣ֮ǡһ·оɽ֪ɽԶűӡĵ̣ùɣ޾ԨһĶħƣܹˣ޾ԨھŲ㣬ֻһѪħֻҪͿ˳ͨҾ·ȷ·
ŭǿʶ˵ô
˫ִʱһӰһɵŮӴԶ񱼶׿⣬һʮ߰ĹװŮӰ
Ůӱܱ߱쳽ҲҵϷܣվסеŮ
ŮӵٶȺ쳽ٶ޼쳽ΪߵƮӰٶȣ˶ͳĴģ쳽ǺεˣôᱻһСŮ׷Ŵ򣿣
ֻ˵һ⣬쳽ŮӵĶ֣
һһȥͲԱߵļߡͽ˹˿쳽ɱҲԶԶ˵һߣʱ򣬻ǶԸ쳽ʱ
쳽ڿ㻹ܣŮ쳽ƮӶ±ϣǳĿ쳽쳽Ѿû·
ҪôսҪô£Ҫô߽ħ
ս򲻹ôǰŰĻ쳽Իоǳûӣ¿϶ᣡ쳽ɲȥˤǣôΨһȥ·Ǹ
쳽ŭŮӣбǲƾŷӮʲô£
ޣŮӴҵķҵĽ𣿳ܿܣ򲻹СǴ򲻹Ҫҽڣ
쳽Ʈվڴ֮ڣԶ׷ɱ쳽ŮҲͣ쳽һʱ嶯˴֮ƮҲûˣԶԶͣ
ַҲ֣˵֮ϲûŮӵϣַʺĪƣҲҡͷʾħô½ˣôŮӾǺηʥ
쳽ŭŮӣ˵Ʈҵͬ飡ץķ²үҸղŵϷֻǶ棬ûб˼Ϊ׷һһҹϰݣ
ŮӴĵĻǿƮӣҳôû˸ҵϷң㾹ȻҵϷС㣡ԳƱүһҪɱ㣡
쳽ҲǷǳƣƮ֮󲻾ãǰŮֿɰŮǰȥϷ˼䣬Ůŭ쳽
ŮǴ򲻹쳽ģ쳽ҲֻǶ棬û뵽Ů˳һηⷨŮ˷Ȼ쳽һбˣ
쳽ܵ˷ԼܿģƮһ·ܣŮģֱ׷˹
һ׷һһҹʱ䡣Ůһճ쳽ô˦˦һ·ϣһǰһ׷ɱζƾ쳽ôȥͣŮǲŮ϶Ʈ쳽ץģҪɱ쳽
£쳽Ƶħ֮ڣŮͣ½Ųǰ
쳽ŭȣС㵽ʲôˣҶ˵˼ٱˣҶСûж⣡ʱС˹ɫȥڨ˼䣬û뵽Сŭˣ쳽СǸˡ
ǸŮЦǸѵŮƯ˵˼ҵһôô˵ô
ʱ˵ĿⶼŮϣ棬Ůزķǳĺãȷ˿Ƿǵ֡
˶Цԭ쳽˼ҵزű׷ɱģ˿̵쳽Ҳڲѣ֪ŮôĻ϶ǰȥϷģ
ûµۣʯͷԼĽţ
쳽ŭȣ㲻Ҫ̫ˣҪΪ㲻ɣֻǲѣ
˭Ҳû뵽쳽ᱻһСŮƵһ̶ȣ˿̴ﶼϣŮ쳽ܾˣ
Ҹ㣬ʥصʥŮľﶼҵĵ̣ƮӣԷΪҿԷŹ㣡
ʥصˣ쳽ޱȣͷˣ˱˻˵ʥصˣô˼·һ
ڳľʥصʥŮ֮ʱжһʥصҲμôû£
˿̵쳽ӶˣԱߵƮӶľʥŮ£Ҳ쳽ķ²쳽ҵľˣ쳽Ϸڵ£ҲǺ͵¿Ц޶⣡´дŹǡ
ħ쳽ɽƮͬʱľǸ˶ͣûа취ƾ쳽ƮӶǿʥصˣֻܵͷ
ŶľԴζĿƮӣԭһģ쳽ȻϷңҿʥصʥŮǵϷҾǶʥص£Ƕ£ôˡǣ
쳽ƴľһսǴ˿쳽ҳˣԼʥزҪᵹùôԼĹɾʹˣ
쳽ҧľҷϳΪֻϣ֮ʥŮ²ҪǨŭɽ
쳽˵ֱ꣬ħ
Ʈ˲δȬ˿̿ˣԼû쳽Ļ˲ŹԼһҧҲħ
һڹҫʧڴ֮ϡ
쳽ƮӸߣֻԶߵӰ˹ǰֱ˴
Īͬʱһߴӣ
ħô½ˣħô½ĪƾŴӣʣµ˾Ȼô֣Ҷȫ˴
Īλֵܣߣħ󿿽һвɵĵˣ
ħô½Ŵӣһ֮ţʱȻ߸˷ǳǱӴܣôһзǳǿĵˣ
ַԣǣɿħķƶ
ˣ콻ǵʥˣ
һһ㴫˵Ķʱ֮ϵƲ֮УһɫԽԽ󣬼ӹһ׵Ļƽհ죡
С࣬콻ǵʥ
ƽԣߵķŭţžŭƹ·ĩһ㡣
ַ绳еСϻַ硰໡Ľ˼ǳԣֻҪҳһ㶨
ַ簵ʾСèҪҪȳСѩģȻҪɱˣַùܡ
ԭƽǱӡȵĳϣϵķӡԺ󣬵һʱ֪ħô½Ů洺ˣʥŮСѩǰԼץ֪֮󼫶ȷŭΪֱӸ˹
ϣڳˡСѩմš
죬ʥˣһЩɱ⣡
˿̵Сѩǰұʮǿ߰ΧŻĺˣħӽȻСѩΪѾָһ룬Ǵ˿̼ʮͬʱСѩСѩҲһʱ䲻ͻΧɹ
֮ϵĻƽҲǿоˣЩСѩΧ˾ɱİٶ࣬³ǵص˹ȥ
ûзκεĲҽУƾЩ߶ǲһţھ֮ҷ
֮κεĶ˲仯Ϊڿ֮У
ַ𾪲ѣæʽ飬ʲô
ϲǧǰ֮ս֮Ҽû뵽ûǰµս֮һʵǸ߽ʵȻӡ֮ǰѾʣһˣѾӡǧ꣬ʵǸΪҪɱеˣֻ׾֮¡
ߣڣ찡ַ粻ˣ⵽ôĿֲΪ
˿̵ͽ˹鶼ˣǿ߲ǶƮɱôôһʵľֲɽôħĸ߲Ҳû£
ֲǣԭСѩħô½ʥҲһˣĴˣȻŽܵϵɱСѩ϶֪Ǹɵģһ˼䣬ͽ˹˶ˡ
˿̣߶֪Сѩǵľݣǣʣµ˿ٵСѩķ򿿽
ƽѾۼһ𣬵Ȼף֮һ˸ʧһ̣һ˵棬óһ𷢽üߡ
߸ֱӳߵΧֻûκҲû˿γУ֮һ˶˱ʬ壬Щ޴ħ޵ͬһ¡¡ĵ˵ϡ
ЩгʦķӡȣߵﶼһЦ
Ƭ֮䣬Ѿɱһٶˣͽ˹ħֻʮ׵ľ룡ϡ
׵ľ˵Ǿ롣
ڹҾɱСѩС
Թֹס˽Ųֹͣһ̣ȥ˵
ɱ֮䣬ƺûκεı仯ͺһֻһô򵥡κС
Լаտɱǰе˾ȳСѩ߸Ӧ˿һٶߵϢͬʱСѩʮ˴ʱϢԼΪһ壬ɷָԼһһٶһ˳֣ôͻһٶеɱСѩ
ôСѩһ֮أ
Ǵˣ߰ɡ
˿̵ͽ˹ѾħıԵΪԼŹСѩһ˲䣬߾пɱˣߵֶ˶ʶˣ˶ţԼʦǰסߵһУ
˿̣ʣµһٶߵг˿־廹ǿ־壡
ߵĵҴӲʳԡǶЩСʳԣֻϣ
ߵ֮ϵϣֲ׺ɣĲɣ
뵽ȥ֮⣬ˣ
û˵ʲôӰѾ׿⡣
˫סСѩĲӣߵĵǶȽ󣡡
˶˴͵СѩһƣԼ˴
һȥ֮ʧڴ
СѩǰʥˣΪˡ
֣ӿ³һɫƹСӣݸСѩ
ϣǣ
̾һұӡǧˣγʥȣЩôڵ˰ɡ
񣿣ԣСѩ
ַʽ飬ЩڵΪ֪һôûУʱҸɡ
񣿣ֱַ
Сѩ֮󣬰սϽԼİ취ֻһӲʱ䣬ʹСѩ֮Уһӡǡ
СѩƼ˲ָ֮ҲȫĽСѩ첻ѡ
лϡ
ʥˣʲôʱȥħô½ЩǼϼһˡǼϼһоƽӡķҪ˯ȥˡ
ϣȻȥɣҽĵͼͿԻصħô½ߣһһЩ顣
ʥˣѵҲҪμϣ֮
СѩͷƮӺˣһҪɱ
ϵ˵ͷðɡϣ֮ǽȥģ⴫Ҳ˷ӡƣǽȥģʥһȥҪˡҪ֮ʱʥ˿Ҫȼ񡭡
СѩףȼǼǿ󣡵ǽ͸ԼôõĶСѩ򲻵֮ʱá


172 ħ
СѩŲԶַˣַƵĿһۣȵֵľ͸
˵꣬Сѩħ
Ŀַһۣڿնȥ
ʱζĿַ磬磬ɩӽȥأȥȥ
ӵĻ䣬ͷϾ˸
˿ʼ飬·ڼеĲ߾ȥ޾ԨھŲ㡣ַҲ˾Ŀǰȥһ·Ļ޷Ŀĵء˶ȥ˵ھŲ㣬ҲȥھŲ㣬еɶԸɻħ
ַһӡĪһͬ⡣͵һͻȻ֣һ·ַκξļֵܶһֱͬͷӡ
ԣŶӵλַ磡һȻвǴ˿Ҳûж˵ʲô
ܿ죬˵һ£ȥ޾ԨھŲ㣡
˷׷ħ
ʥʥŮľͿħķ૵ĵҵҪҪȥأүүȥһΣүүźǸ˸ƽ֣ҵҪҪȥ
ãȥô˶ȥˣ˵ˣһʲô£Һүү
ӹһ
ʮǽʣĶʮߡǰߵΧ֮£ӳĶʮˣӳȻǷ֮
峤ϻһضεЩ˹
ǰǴģҵˣ
ţﾭһս˲ˣ
ţǿߡ
ʥؾٰϣ֮ʷûгֹ׳֮٣е˶ûаʥذŵ·ߣǳ޾ԨھŲ㣡
ϣ֮ſڽӴʥسϿһ˶Ӵˡ
ַٴγ֮ʱռһƬ谵ȣһͺڰϢռ䣬ܹͺͺûκεĽֲ
֮һƬȺ֮ɫһƬƬĺƼٵĴӿӹʱʱĴһɹǺļ
ǻɽȺĬĬ˵
ú˵˶Ѿ˿һɽϣܶһƬҰɽԶԼĿԿڱĻɽ̵ҽ
ַ˵ߡ
һȵȣַ磬ΣأȻħʱ֣ȥ
ַɻħ֮£ֻҵħħɻħǲſԳȥ
ȻЩǽ˵ַģɻħԴܣǸɱ޾ԨھŲɻħĵ̣
һĵô֪Щ޾ԨھŲ㣬Ĳߣ˸û
ַɫһ䣬Ų㣬㲻ߵĻ㣬û˷Ҫߡ
ʵһС죡һΪЩ֮ԼݵλߣΪߣԼΪݵλ͵ַȥ
ַ˵ǰȥֵַǶַˣһһ䳡ˡ
ĵһļ򣬡߰ɣһиӦ
һĲУֻܺƤʹһ
·ϣַɻħĵ̣Ǹսĵ̣Ѿ֪ǽˣԣκεص㶼ǲȫġ
Դ˼ǣɻħʱǡ
ַͷҾɻħǵĿԲɻħĵ̣Ψһĳھɻħı֮£뿪ԼĹô㿴ΧĻûа취ʱ棬û˵ԵĶûУǵΪֶӵĻ֮¾ͻһ£ԣҪȥҪɻħڵǹȥ
ĪƵԴ˼ǣڵɻħĹ֮ǰһ·ûκΣգ
šַɻħҪ˵꣬ǻ˵꣬ôûгԶˣ룬˷ѵԼʳ᲻ڰ·ϣ
˶׷׵ͷ͵һַиһ㡣
Щϸ룬κ˶뵽ĴԱϾڿֲÿ˸սﶼȫ裬Σշûȥ顣
ַֻ侲ΪиܵĽ飡ǳϤýĻ˵ǰû˾桭
ַ簴սķ򲻽ţܿľ׷
ľ￴ַһۣǰȥ
ʥŮԵȡ
˵ĵһ
ľתͷŵһĵţ
ʥŮ£ԨھŲΣأһʥŮ½У֪ʥŮΡ
ľﲻ䲻ȵĵҪν޹أ
ľ˵꣬ǰ۶ȥͲ֮ˡ
һ˸񣡵ǻǺԥľķȥһΪַҲǿûһ˶õһƲѡ
һַһһֱòڣַλǵһ޷ܵģߣڵһַ˵ΪûһܺԼģ˵ˣЩһֻΪԼۣԵһҪѡǿһ𣬾͸ľˡ
ַ˲ûиȥַûǸҪοľﶼ˵ֻԼ˵ΪλҪȥ
һһߣҲҲ޷ַ˵Ķˡ
һʱַ֮߻ľСѩˡ
ַ绷ܣûп쳽Ʈˡ
˶ûзͻǾһɫĹ֮ǰû˸ҽȥ
ɽ壬ͺǶɽ֮ڣһڰϢʵʻӹ˶о˾޴ѹ
еǵѾȥʮˣȥ̽·ȫûгҵĽһȥɻħҲеֿ֮
Ϊ˶ԿɻħߺѾĳЭ飬˫ˣʲô𣬵ȵϣ֮ɡ
СѩЦðû⣬һ壬˳ǰ棬ҵ󡣷ô࣬Ҳûϵ
Сѩ޲Щȫ
˹ھ֮ϣѾȥˣҲֵǵˣ
ǽȥ˶ûгһ̽ʵɽȥĿɻħûȫ֮ߣûǸڸðȻĳȥ
ַǰŶ죬ҲˣǶһˣܵһ˽ȥɣ
ԣΪڶӵĵλΪĴҲȷλ
ַڶĶСԼԼģȽȥ
ãǽȥ
˶סˣҶִţû˸ҽȥŶ϶ǰվģ˭Ҳû뵽ô˵
챾һģͽ˹Ȧɱôණߣ㽫ءǶѡַ硣
óԪͨôһ·ַ˼ܣԲûаյ£οǰּΣյ֮£
˵ֵַܸ꣬ε໥ͷַǰ棬켸߽˹
ʱԶڴľʲôطһ㣬ȫһˮ򹬵ȥ
һƬƣ˽ȥ֮󣬲ŷһء
ƽĵȫϵȵɫˮ̳ɣɫ֧ͨţܵǽȫŸӵͼһеĹ˸оǳãи޷־֮⡣
ǣףɻħĵ̣õĶһ̾ͻ
ַŴСǰУ߼˶ͣһ֮һźĹ𣬺ɫĻ֮лûŤı飬ǰַ˹
ֻһŵĻ棬˶оеǿͲǰܿģ
ַ治ɫ֮⣬Ķ¥֮⡣
ڤ𣬲
һ֪ʥصʥŮľ
ƨڤڤħʥ𣬻طôǵħմȾһڤϢѣַ󲹰
ߣ
ַŭһħ˲ֱڤȥ
˿˿žž
ֻ໥ɣ˾
ӵʱ䣬˿ֲڤַľħɵһɶ
ľﺰ֮ʱ˶ֲѣڤħʥѷһУô⼸ܵס
˶ɵˣַҲһźɫĻ棬Ż濴ޱȣȴܲκǿ˿ַϵĻڤӴ˲䣬һ޷һ¾ͽڤɵһɶ
ַ˾٣˶ַĿ࿴
ַ֪Ϊʲôôаս˵ˡ
ľǰߵַǰϸϸĴַ磬ֲǸҽԭ
ľߵĵһ˿зǳζԼٴεĿˣΪַôǿʼߴɵˣڿַĲ򵥡
ǵһѾԼҪ뿪ַĶ飬ٴԼҲľһ·ϸ͵һ̸ȫǲһڵһľľҲԣ·Ǵҵ·㰮ž͸ţǾ仰޹أ
ľ֮һΪһˣ㻹ҪһŮ㣿
ˣûһŮ˻ϲģ
ַ絭΢ЦҵľôҲȲľСɣ
ʲô
Ϲʮ֮һ
˾
ľһ㶣ʶҵķ
ʱ˶Ŀⶼľж𾪲ѡ
ȷһСĽɫ棬ûκر֮ûΪⱦǼٵģ
Ƕ֪Ϊʲôħ쳽ľƵİߣԭ˼д˵е
˿̣˭ûע⵽ַĺеıЩ֮дһЩϲĿЩ˸ſľ
ںţôô
ȥľϣûУôʥصʥŮôռ䣿
ڼ˵ֻǣǰ֮󣬲ĵħϯ
ľ״ɫһ䣬еıֶ׼
ַɲôĴ֮ﱻľ˷ˡ
ַ絲ľǰ棬ħֶ޵Ļ˽ĵħٵš
ȻַĹһ㣬ȫǽڲٿһС


Դ˾ħڶںʵԸЩڽĶһֻô򵥡
ǣħպЩĿǣԽܲŶԸĶôǿַֻܿԼԸǰﲻʲôæġħֻһõĻ棬ûйԡ
һӵʱ䣬еĵħ𱻽ɵһɶ̵Ĵ˼ȥˣŶɻħϾͺóˣѾһĻ֪ˣԸģæɡ
ҵݣʲôݣַһֱýʲôԼڰʹߵĺڰռ䣬ЩԹ鲻ԼӵĶħٻЩħԼ˵ɻħԸԼ⵽ô£
ûַʵ顣
˿һĻж𺳲ѡЩߣСѩҲպóԶԶĿһĻж룬ϣ֮ǣ˭ַ绹ľˣ
ԭ˿ľˣ֮£Ҳ˽
֮󣬲ŷֺ͵ħսַ磬ľ˲ţ
ַ粻ϲˣҷǳĵ͵ǵħȷԼľħ󲹣Ļ
Ϊ˶ΪַǳֲĴڣжڰ룬Һûǵˣ


173 Ȼħ
˵ħ֮˶ַ統սӵ죡˶֪ҪԸɻħŽһ£
ȻҪ죬ȻǸˣַ緽ŵı֣Ա˹Ϊˣ
˿̣ľﶼΪַսԱԼߣȻַıϺϢʾĶһΪˣǹţ
ַߵˣʣµĴ˶ַ֪֣ŷеѯַϡ
˶ַ֪ߴɵĴ֮ʱȵĳ͡
ʮǰ䵱Ӵϣ֮߳ͳһߴɣߴɴһСһҹ֮һеȵĴַϣ֮߳ȥߴһΪɽɽֳͬȵĵλ
ͽ˹ϴЦǳֺõĵ֣ħܸʶ㡣
ַ絭Ŀֻǵ˵ͷ
ЦҲ֪ɻħĵ̣ǶŽһ£ܺɻħ⣬ԣҴߣԸ֣һֵĵǲ
ַ絭ĵͬΪı
֡
˵ʲôַϣ㲻˵ˣûȤ
ַ粻ֵǰȥ
ַ磬Һһ𣿡ľַǰַգĴ۾
û⡣ַԲܾһŮҪ󣬶ôһǿߣ
ַ緽ŵıֵȷľ۷ľǵãԼʦһʱʦԿħ𣬶ǳĳһʱֻɱʮַ緽һ¾ϰٸ
ľﵱȻΪַкԼʦȵʵַһ򵥵ˣ
ǿǿˣȻõģַľжס
ַܾͽ˹˻Ǹַĺ档Щ룬ǰǴͷںǸȫ
ַ̤м䣬ʱַĴһɣеˣˡ
ЩЩ˷ܣѾõ
ˣɻħѵҵôҵ걻Ļɢֻһ˿лӵΪ˻Լӡ棬˸սҾ͸Ӧ˵Ϣˣǰһֱڵ˳ִҳȥˡ
ȥģʮħǣһܵľ㣬㻹ָ˾㣬ȥɣ
ǽĴɻħ
Ŵˣ㡭ɻħǽǳľ֡
ĵ˭
ɻħôʮսǲʲôҵܲǵһʱ֪ͨôˣ˭ȥ֪ͨˣ˭ȥҵֵܱ𣡡
ֵܶˣʮǸ쵰ǴӦŹôԣ鲻֪¡
ȫˣʮȫǲĻ쵰һᱨۣϵۣ˵һɱǣ
ҿ㻹ʡʡˣڵܸ𣿾ָеħҲֻһСС䣡ħ类ӡ˲תȴŰɣȥҲﲻʲôæڻûȳȥԼϳɾŽˡ
ɻħĶԻȫַԺַ𾪵߻ء
˿̵ĽȷûɻħȳȥɻħҲ֪ԼĴ˼ȻѾˣò˶ҾͿԳȥˡŴˣô࣬ߵˣҪҪȫɱˣ
ĵ֪㶼þûɹµˣŶͿɱɡ
һɱĸɸɾ
ɻħĶԻֻ˲£˶Իϣмһҫһ޴֣֮һֳֺɫºڷӢꡣ
ɫһİףܹâҫ֮³ֳһֹİ͸״̬˫֮ףڶһ㣬һʵʰĹâ
ɻħ
˿ɻħһɲǣ̲סȥһΪİȫ롣
ֻһûˣǾַ硣
ַ΢Цſɻħһۣɻħֵ֣ȻûһкɫУɫڼٵתţΧۿɼٶ۶ȥ

ɫ˲ַ˵ķ˹ȥ
˻ûзӦʲô״ַһȫɫɣʧ
ֲһĻ̲סڳ˶ΪַˣԷһжûе£Ҫǣַһô˶һ˲
ʲô޷Ͳ˼
ʱԶСѩüͷ΢壬ӦԼѪĴڣɺַܵĽһַ˵ĻѪԻʧСѩȴܵ˿̵ַûаΣգ
ɻħʲôû˵ųӰһߵķ
׵ľ룬˲͵Ӱֻ֮Щûκεķ֮֮ð׹⣬ڵϣһ߸ʬȥ˫֮ȫһƬĿնĴ֮еĶȫͿա
ͽ˹˸ָʣµķ˸߿գЩзħ޵˶˸߿ղŶһ١
ɻħȺֻͷ嵽βӵʱ䣬ٶѾȫɱЩȥ֮˵걻ɻħɵһɶ
ʣ»ŵѾ𾪵ľˣ˭Ҳ벻ʲôЩɻħϵĵħɻħͲ̥壬еĹϣûκεķӦʯһʧɻħһ¶ûлư֣
˾ˣܵûС
ֹʱ䣬Ѿû˻ˡ
˿̵Сѩǿ֮˿УеĲʯѾͷ׵ɫʳռ䣬ʱɻħһ
ÿ˶ۼԼȫЩǷӡ߸ǿĽħᶼ׷׵˳׼ɻħһ
ѪħͲˣ۾Сѩķ򣬿еĵŮ洺ˣ
ôɣһСѩĿǳļӲ
ɻħǧǰħսˣŮһħѡ㣬Ůʲôˣ
Сѩһ㶣ĸס
ɻħͷĸ׵ȹֵܺüΣĸס»ǲҪˣȥɡ
һ¡Сѩæɻħĸôģ
СѩͲ֪ԼĸôģĳǶ˵ŮǱϵɱģ˭ɱģû֪ԣǰɻħ֪СѩҲû뵽Լĸ׾ȻȹɻħΡ
ĸףĸΪ˾ȾŮģʱħΪˣסռ䡣ǱԼԣҪħ壬ʮۣŮĸսʮΪ˲þУĸ׺ħսʮ󡭡ĸˣŮ񽣴ɾŽڣסħľŴԪĸһȥˡ
һսɻħ£Ҳһս֮бĻɢġɻħ棬ʱһ˿һС꣬Ǹϣ֮ӵ޾Ԩһֱ޾ԨھŲ㡣
޾Ԩһ鶼޷Ƶĵ޾Ԩռͻݣԣ޾Ԩӡκζħܳ
ʮɱĸ׵ԭʮСѩ
СѩˣʮԼܱôʮ߸ϣͳʮ
ɻħƺܵСѩľŮ洺ˣĸ׵Ϊκһڵʱĸһ˺ʮսˣһһĻûһĸ׵Ķ֣ĸҲɱǣԣ㲻ҪģΪʥŮҵõ˲ʯĴУһﵽǸ߶ȵģħٴ֣ɱЩα飡Щ޴࣡
ɻħ˵ǳļ
ڳɻħĻоǳ֣ħΪ˱ࣿǶԿħ壿ǡ֮ǰħսħҪ
һ㣬Сѩ֪ǧǰҲӡݹʷʷ϶дǧǰħսħһҪ࣡࣬Զ֪ģ˵ҲԶţ
ɻħں˵˵ǧǰħսħ࣬ΪཫǷӡ޾ԨħԪ񱻴ɢӡռ䣡
̲סˣҪβһ
Щ֪˵⻰ǿһЩܵĶֻǵڲμӹǧǰħս
ɻħЦţҪҽôûбҪҵϴα࣬ǧǧ飬飡ҵһжˣ˸һռ䣡Щ޴ȫ
ɻħ˵꣬˴ԼħϵȻѾˣ˵ҲǴϵ£һغ
ʥŮ߰ɡɻħСѩ
ȵȣħˣҲߡ
˵Ŀ⿴ķ򣬿쳽ǱƮ˳
ɻħ쳽ףû
ħˣһˣĵħ̫ˣħ˫ޣԻϵħоĥҲ˲٣һҪллħˡ
ɻħȻͨҵĿУҲ֮еţɻħ˵һԾŶǳȥ
ԭ쳽õıǡ߱񽣡Ȼħս֮ʱѾʧȥϵԣѽǵɻħֵʹùɻħҪ쳽һ·쳽ѽԼ쳽Ҳ߱񽣣ɻħʵԲɱ֮ˣ쳽ӽҲ˰֮ĺ֮⣬쳽ͨһ飬쳽ȥϣ֮ǡ
ݣǶԸʮħ飬ɻħ쳽ļޡ˸쳽ͨ飬ôΪǣ˸ʧܣֻ·һ
쳽ͨ˿飬ɻħȻŵԣ쳽ȥ
ɻħһʼõħ𹥻ַ磬ڿַ磬룬Լˮ׼ҪȥѺˣֱǶˣ
ɻħ쳽СѩƮ˳ȥ
֮ɻħһǵȫ°ɣ
ɻħ˰еߣЩ׼õȫҲǵصɻħϯȥ

еĹɻħɲ㲻ֻӭȥ
ǿɻħʲôǣЩеɻħֻһɵͿԻ⣡
֮ѾϺʹˣص
Щϣ˲˱ħ
ɻħ˵Ĺɻħֻ΢ӻɻħٶȣ
ǵɻħҪӽ֮ʱһڰɫľӴ
ɻħɫ΢һ飬ħӣ
ʶ࣡ҪǣǹְʰЩаħ˹˵ĴЦӿд˹
֮ϵĹɻħоԼ˲䱻һ㶼Ӳ
ڰɫӴֱӽɻħ档
һжһ˲£ɻħڴ棡ֻǱûɻħ
ɻħڱһ˲䣬Ѿһٶ˴ӿ£ȫߴʱֻʣ°ʮˣ
ħǽ˹˵ĵƣϣ֮֮жԸļǿУǴʱòãǺڰĿǣҪԸɻħȻ
ߣֻһʱ䣡֮£
ԣڵһʱ嵽ǰǿĹֱӽɣˣֻǱɶѡ
һֱ׶İԴǰ˶Լ޵ȫջأȿֺм˴󣬽汼ܶ˴ɡ
Ҫʱģһֻܴʮңɻħʱÿ˲ֳʱҳһš
ͽ˹ƾԼΪһʹ˳ȥڴ֮ɻħֱӽʣµʮɱ
ɻħʱɽɫâֱӽɻħɡ
ԣɻħ޷ﴫȥģֻܼ޾ԨھŲ㡣
ַٴγ֮أһ磬ǵĿĵءϣ֮ǡ


174 鶴
һ޼ʵĲԭůԡ磬΢ɢķ㣬һƬһƬҶ޵Ļݴ
ԿǧٳȺ׳ȺȺţȺһЩ֪ʳݶͷԲݣ˵٣ţȫᡣ
˱Ϊ֮һս߼ֲգ˭Ҳû뵽ⷬء
˹۲ܵĻ˲ԭ֮⣬ʲôûУƺԭͷ죬ǲԭûκεʲô
ַ˲ʱ֮дһ
ӭλǿͨԨھŲϣ֮ǣˣǧͨ޾ԨھŲϣ֮ǵǿߡϣ֮֮ʮ֮ʽʼʮ֮ڣһӦõĽ
ǳһŮ˵֮һַǳúĸо
ַϲģװƣģ߯ˡ
ַʱסоȷǱˡѵϣ֮ǵ˺ͽʶ˵һȣ
״
Ըַܵ뷨㱻ҭסˣϹ룬һǸţϹʮ֮һǬ꣬Ǭڣϣ֮ǵǸЦŸģ
ַһһ㶵ģַͲ֪ǬԶʮַ绹š
ҵ˺Ǭ˴սһǬշҾ͡ͶֱӽǬڣǬ˸ţɣ
£ɵɪ
еʧ֮ǰһһյĿռ䡣
Ũӭ˸оһεϢʹƴԼײ˹
鶴鶴ĺ
ϻˣ˭֪鶴ַ粻ţôͻȻһ޺𣬵ȷַһ
ƣ֪֪确ء֮һ
ϻҿ϶֪ѵҲʶô
Ŵַʶ˽⵽ԭмһɫʯʯ֮ϵŰĸ֣鶴
ӭ˶ЩֲǺܿתŹԼ壬ȥӦЩ
ߴӣ
Īƺͺڶħô½ߴӣϥߴӼͬʱӦˣӾ֮˹ĺĪơ
ĪĬĬĿһ¹ӣĵ죬û뵽߸һǴ⡣
ҲǵȻһЦĪӺͺһˮһ˸е⡣ҲͨɻħĿУ⡣
ĵȵħöоŴȥʱֻʣ֮ʱǲ˸е⡣
ΪħöһŴӵϴ󣬶ĪƲ϶˫˵ʱӶûв졣
Ŵ໥ΪУ˶֪ǾŴ֮ǿģŴ֮ıԶǹǳϱԣ˽ԾҲû˸˼Է
ϣ֮ǣǱ˴˳ȥֵĺûᣡ
һǰһ˾սʣµİ˴ӣȻˣȴ˴ӣսʣµİ˴Ӳɱģ
Ҫȥ죬ϣ֮Ǿѵĵص㣡ˣκȥ׷ĪɱߴӵĻԻȾӾŴ֮ף
쵭ĵλǾŴˣһϣ֮ǵĹھھλõȷҪˡ
ĪЦôǿЦˣµʱùھˣɣ˻ǳΪĽ꣡
쵭ȻĵͲˣھһ壬ǸˣʱǾ֪ˣ
Īһƣ
漴˫ͬķ򣬸պ
ĪҲǳ֣ŴӶѱһһôϷأ
ԭͨɻħ֮ʱԼסӣԣӲѡ˸죬Ȼֻϣ֮֮зӺͳ졣
һӹСѩ쳽ƮӺ߶漴ҵһطϣ֮˵İ
Ƕʮ˲ûг֣ȻЩûԸɻħ߽ɻħĿС
˶ûзͻûпʼ֮ǰ˭Υ˵ּ⣡
˶ԣûȥ˷һһʱ䡣
ַ֮󣬻Ľʼһһɡ
ϲĶ￴أעˣҰȫɣ
ֲýôʵûԭ±˷֣ԣԽڵʵ޷ϣ֮ǵ˿ġ
ַȫԡ֮УоǳľܼĻ֮ٶȵʮϣ
ַףȡ֮ߣ֮ΪԽߣٶȸ죡
ַ˿ýԵΪȥգҲתַֹͣ˻ԵʱַоΧԸٶԼӿ˹ַ缱æתַûΪԽߣյԽ죡
ûַߵı仯ÿ˶Ŭȥ
СèԴѩ֮һֱ˯˿̵Сèû˯ѣַֻΣջʲôóԵı֮ʱһŻѹ
˿̵СèȻûǽӽʵʻֱӴСèıǿ˽ȥСèһһ֮䣬СèգСèٶȾԱֳκһ˵ٶȶ죡
Ǳֳһյ࣡
ߵޣûиߵȵ̣ûдеֻƾ޵ıȥôһ
ʮʱ䣬Щźǿ˵ÿһÿһ붼ǳնپǶ١
ʱĺܿ죬ʮʱʮô죬˶ϣʱһ㣬һ
ʮܿ͵ˣʮʱкö˶ͻһ㣬еͻ˺ü㡣
ַûͻƣַ粻ͻƣַͻüģıѹ
ַջʱͻʮλͻȫͻƣȻо֮ȶǻԪתǹȵַܼȹ̺Щıļ᲻ɴݣַʩչ
ַȻûͻƣս˺üⲻǲεı仯ǡʡϵ
ʮʱԵǶͣ°ɡ
ռﴫϣ֮˵
˷׷״ֹ֮ͣǳǾ仰ɣǲŴ֮˹Ȼ˱ţû˿
֮󣬶Լһأжϲѡ
ϣ֮֮ãеĲ߶ͨ޾ԨھŲ㵽ϣ֮ǣǳ⣬ͬʱҲǳĿġ
˶ټϣ֮ǳļ򵥣ֻҪһˣǾǡɱһᴫǵϣ֮ɽ֮У˵ɱħ޺ޣвߣһ飬һɱħ޶͵ȼߣһͻΪϣ֮ǵĹھ飬ɱߣϣ֮ǵĹھħں˺ڵΪ֤ڹھĽǳķ񣬵ȵ֮һʤߡ
ˣô򵥣ֻɱħޣʳеɻ
˵ʱ㾹ȻҲ죡ûзŭ
˿ǸѾһ׹ʧռ䡣
ξ
ϣ֮ǵĳ˶ΪһС˵жϵȷһɰСŮǾΪһɻתۼξ𣬴˿̣е鶼ѣ
һһɱ˲գ۵ĶħǴ˿е뷨ҶͱյʵʵģмһңҺԼղûпڡ
ĵÿе֮Уϣ֮ǵĵͼᣬһЩ鶴ֵ֮ۺǱÿһ鶼͵ͬĵطһµʱڣ˱뵽ͼϵϿȣûеˣԶﲻܳȥ
ڣǸѰԼͬ飬һ飬ȻԼʵҲһжÿܳ
ַ硢Īơӡˣ˲Լͬ໥˵ͷ
쳽Ʈһ飬һַһ𣬿˼Ѿˣľһ飬ľҪԼһһ飬һ˱񣬲Ը쳽Ǳߣ쳽һ
СѩߵľߣһЦľãҪһ𡣡
ܶ˶ߣСѩȻľƺΪãתһ룬˵ݵλȻЩ⣬ͬΪʥŮ
СѩŮ洺ˣʥŮľʥصʥŮ
ľСѩ֣Сѩ㣬Ҹʱ򣬾͸оϤϢû뵽Ů洺ˣʮ֮һʯӵߡ
ľãӵеҲʮ֮һʮ֮䶼һ΢ϵԣҸʱҲһиС
ȻСѩľҲһ飡Ҳǿǿˣ
˹˺ӶԼķɱֹ˵˹Ĺᰮ˿Ϊһ顣
Ȼ˵ɱֹᡢӶĹ᲻ħ͹ǳͽ˹֮⣬֮
νǿǿˣԵһ룬˾Ӧ
˹ӣǷѾַ˻һֻա
ˣѾѡԼĻ飬ֳʮ飬˭ʲô⣬ڿʡ
˶ͣûһ˳
˵ʱǷҪ˵˵ʱƫƫ˵ãȻûʲôʣڿʼھǳȥ
սһߴɴַ硢ħöкĪơ彯ΰ鶫졣
˶ȲѣַڶԸɻħ֮ʱıַ֣սȷӦڵһ
սڶʥʥŮľʥŮСѩ
ܶ룬˼һʥصʥŮһʥŮ϶սڶˣ
սħö졢ʯԶ˶ɡ
⼸ˣҶ֪ǡ桱ˣ϶սͬһ㡣
ߴӳˣʣµսӱֻһж
Ҳû뵽һ飬õϢϣ֮ʮһ飬
սĵ쳽ɽƮӡɽһ
ħʿ쳽ģûһ飬ܶΪ쳽Ӧ
սħ˹ˡɱֹ˵˹Ĺᰮ˿ӶԼķ
ս壬˷ǳĲˬû˸˵
ħô½ĶŴӣ˶ǳ֣ΪʲôûˣȻħô½飬˭Ҳʡ
ʣµҲһһ顣
ܹʮ˸˷ֳʮ飬ڳֵ֮ϣ֮սĸߵѶҲͬһŶѶߣҲֻҪųڽҲߵģڶĽҲԺˣǺǡܻųллذɡ
˵꣬ռһ󲻹Ťһ˲䣬еĶʧԭء
ַ˷ԼһɽɽﵽдеĴʱʱĴһҰ޵ľ޺
Զ಻ĴɽַоԼһɽȺ֮Уܶû·Σ
̵ģˡЩֵַĴ
ַһ㶣ôˣ顣
ǸŲ㷢ңһ͵͵İ鶴ᵽҵġռ䡯ҸһžͷֲԾҺĿ죬ȻĻҵľͱˡ
飬ľռɹˣ


ûУڲŵõħĵڶڣɹֻ֮һһ鶴ûģǣ鶴ǬҲǬǬ飬һͻᱻŷ֣ҾռϣǬһչˣҪ˵һСС鶴ˣ
˿ַҲ֪˱͵ȥˣûеͼֻһһ
ַһ·򣬺һ£ɽȥ


175 ˭Ǭ
ιǸߣǸǻɽħ޶Ǹ߽׵ĳ׹֣ȥֻ·һұ߾ͺˡ
ַ飬ʶ·
ϻôܲʶҲǸ˵뵱꣬ħսǬˡǬ˴սһǬңҽȥ֮󣬰ߵķ츲أǬҴһ
˵ʲôͻȻֹסˡ
ôˣ飬˵귢ʲô£Ҷϣ֮ûаϢɹغҵֵǵ
ܲԸĵ㲻ùô࣬һһľҶǳϤǬװʲôҶһ
ðɣԸ˵ˣ϶ʲô¡
ַ˵ûħǬ£ұǬÿ䣬һ췢Ǭһ֧ŵ㣬ǾĻһ˸ֱӳˡ
½϶ַ磬ΪԼһܵģ飬ַܸ硣
˶Ϥ֮⣬ϣ֮ǵݱʾصĻɣȻֻǽ黳ɣַҲȵĻɡ
ÿϣ֮ǵϣֻ֮߳ôԸλģ˭Ҳֻɱħô򵥡
ַͻȻðһͷе˶ɱˣôԼһ˻ţͲϣ֮ǵĹھô
ַ뷨Ĳߴ˶룬ĿǰΣɱħ޿ţ
ʱĪơӡ˶׷óһݵͼеĵͼвͬǺΧĻ롣
˵ĵͼǼеĳڸģʱȴһôûС
ַҲϵԼʦӣֻ߹ַһλϣ֮Ǻε֮ÿĵص㶼ͬκεͼûõģÿεҲͬҸһУҲûõģҪȻÿϣ֮ǻ߳˶Ϣй¶ˣϣ֮ʲô˼
ԣ˿̵˵еĵͼǲһġ˶ҡͷ̾
ʾӴ˵صĿĵϿȾҪǰĻɽǽ˵ǰ·һ
磬˵ǰ·һѵĵͼ˵ʡ
ַ˵ͷʦʮǰΨһϣ֮֮߳ˣʦҵĵͼȫ
ȻļҲ̫˰ɣ
ַǰǻɽȺóȻǰ·ߣʱĻɽĹǵ޷ģȥҲ޹ԣǵ·ƹɽȺٵǵĿĵء
쿴ַ磬Ȼֵô˵ûʲô
ֵܵȻûÿ˶ַ磡
˿ʼ·ߣƹ˵ΣλãٵϿȡԽжϣƹ·ûʲôΣյĻͿԵϿȡ
ˣûʱܵûŲʲôΣգ
û·Щ˵߲¡
𣡡
һ޺𴫵˵ĶУźһ޴Ӱ˹

ûһɫʮ׳ľ޴ֻ޴ĳһ
ƣôСҲһֻĵ̣
ƣ˶ƣ˶ûиоΣգͻȻðһ޴ȷһ
ˣ
βһ׶೤ĴӣȻ˿ѾᣬǷǳĿֲ
ûҶΪˣȴûУֱӴ˵ͷ˹ȥ
ʱ֮һĵ⼲۶£γһܲ͸ĵУǣǿĵϵħУַȫУ
һħΧ޲Ĺ

ϵħȷǳǿ̺ԿԽɱ
ַһˣ˵Ĺͬһʱ䱬ΧڵĵһƬա
ϵһҽУϵõַ˵Ľ¡
ûɿ˼¾޴ĳ򣬷ǳŬվ˼壬滹תĵײķ顣
ǳмĿ˿ַˣдһеĸ飬һ߿շȥ
ַ˱뽫£ȡڵһħޣǳɳڵħޣһڵ׵Ľףɱǳѡ
ߣһ˳ַǰ

ַ磡
˭Ҳû뵽˻ô棡
Ŀַ磬ǵۿҪɱȴøһ˵ɣ
ַ絭Ŀǵ˹ˣһû˵ǵҪ˵
˹ǰһҲǣǵȫԻԼΣҲᱻɱǹʱҲжϵὫ˹ֹǶ׾ٵĻȥӰǻɱǷλı֣Ƿ
˹˵ûַ˵ȷǲ˵óѣԼߵɱͷóںˣռΪСǵ˿Ǵĸ֮ʱ˶ˣѡ˷ߡ
ַЦˣǹͽ˹˸ʲôҪ֣㣡
ַЦݣͽ˹Ϸǳѿ
ߣͽ˹˴żԶԶȥ
ַ̫ǿˣԸɻħʱ򣬻ϣ֮ǳֵĵһսϣھսģ
˫ף˶һսǲʱ
ַûг˵ķߣҪƹɽһһ·ѡߣַѡұߡ
ַ·ҪħԻɭ֣Ȼͻᵽħսǻɱħ޵ѵص㣬ͨлŵ˶ᵽħսҲΣյĵطԽħսǾ͵ǵĿĵءϿȡ
ַ罫·߼ƻͰźãǰС
һһж˳ֻ·һЩ׵ħޣΪ˸ʱ䣬¾ͽħ޻ɱ
һʱѹ˴һƬϵɭﴩַġͼƬɭͻᵽħ
ǣ˴ɭ߳ʱԶԶĿһƬƬĻɽȺַԤڵĵصһ㶼һ
ôôϤǲӿ૵ĵ
ûһȦǸսĵص㣬ǿɭ֡
˹۲ΧĻȻҹĻ٣˻Ƿ֣ǵĳ㣡
һȦֻصԭ㣡
ĪƵ磬ǲǰ·߸ˣ
ַˣⶼǽע⣬ŴôԼԼȴŴҶ˸Ȧַ綼֪ôҽ͡
飬⵽ô£
ǳƵĵŰŵ·ǹɽ֪·ߣǹȽɵ·ߣܱŷˣҪ֪ŵĵ̣ˣȻƶ͸ıĻԿˣЩߣϷһ㣬ôô棡ԣǻǰŵ·߰ɡ
ַˣŪ˰컹Ҫԭ·ⲻ˷ʱô
ַ˽͵λֵܣŵ·ûдһжǳ˵İš˰ߵ·Ҳѵһ·ǶǵĥΥ˳˵˼ѡһԱȽɵ·ⱻ˷ˣԣԭء
˼ַ˵ô
СӣΪζϣ֮˽⣡Ȼ֪һжֽţ
д˳Щַ绰ˣȫȡͷ
ϣ֮ǣȻ۲ÿһˣΪսеһϣȻرյġַĻˡ
Ҳ뷢ʣе̫ˣǰСӺϣ֮ǵĻָƣԼղŶֽŶ֪ó˷ǳջ
˭Ҳû뵽ַһ仰˳жޱȡ
ַѹסеĿֻţʮĵʦʮǰϣ֮֮߳ˣֻʱʦһݵͼ·ߣԣҲ֪ԭ򡣡
ЩԾĵʦӣ
Ǽʦ
ЦЦʦͽʦȷǧҼΪţҲǧΨһɱ˴ϣ֮߳ˣղ˵Ļѣ
ûַѣѵ˵Լס˸飿
˿̵ĽѾ˯ˣʱԲðͳгðľͻɢˡ
ַ缱æ⣬ûѡ
Ǻǣ㻹Ӳǧÿϣ֮ǵݺ͵ص㶼һʦͲ㲻ʲô˵㵽֪ЩϢ
ַо֮һ˫ĿԼҪԼ͸һ㡣
ַȫ亹ôشܲܽ˰ɣ
ַͻȻķǳׯϣǬ䣬תħսɺ쳾˭Ǭ
ַʹӽ֪ǬΪǬҲ֪ħս˺͡Ǭ֡仰ַĳվϿģ˿óòġ
ʱסˣԭСӼҵˣҵ˲ôûҵˣϳҵ֮⣬˭Ļô˽⣿ѵҵû
ĺЩ٣æʵǸˣ
ַĵ˵ͷȴҼë߰Ҽ˵Ǭˡ
ô
ַֻ֮ʱǸˣʵ֮ûмġ˵һоǬһ񡣡
ʲô񣿡
ַĪĵǬ˵ˣܸκһˣǬ
ַ仰ͬʱг˳ıݺͳ˵֣£ַˣҪ˭֪Ǭ˵Ĵڣϵʮ֪˰ɡ
֮̾һ
ȻǸˣҲԵ߰ɡ
ڳ˵ʧַ֮һȫһ亹
ˣˡַԺ
ַҲһ飬ѡ·߲˳ҷŻ飬ûˣ
ңûĵðɣʱ֪·жˣҿ˼ܹȥ
ַͳĶԻڹʲôǶʶȤûʡ
ַļЦ磬¿ɺˣ˺Ժ˵ǸкܴԨԴ·һչǵġ
ַ絭ЦţԸˡ
˿ʼ̡
һƬĻɽһ˵ĽӽΧ¶ȾȻߣ֮мһЩ޷ʣ쳣ܡ
ԶڱĻɽ˶üͷ
ַ絭ĵҪͨ·Ҫ׶һǳħأǲͨ·
׶Ĺ඼ǳ׹֣Щɻɽ֮ڵһЩĿʻ۶ɣǵʳǻɽҽǹ룬ǳϵħǿޱȣⲻҪģҪǣЩﶼȺ
˱߱ģַһ·ϸҽĵĹôи׼Ȼźüƻȥӭеս
ַԽܣԽģ˶оĹַܵôЩǰȥֻһǾǡȫû


176 ֮
ʱ֮˳׶ڡ
˿̣ȻҹĻ٣ԶڱĻɽռһƬͨ졣
ַĴ֮СĽĽ׶
ڷǳĴֱʮϣȻһȻĻɽڣڷǳĹ⻬˸ŻɫĹâ
ǳ׹ֵľǿеĶüӲĻϵˮᣬɽҲ
붴ڣɢŵ֮ɫĻϵǳĳԣǳ٣û˸ֱȥա
ԽߣɽԽ󣬾һռһ㡣
ʮ֮˿˵һ׹֡
׶ߣһƤһֱߣֻǰצȻ˫һĳ
׹ֵһʱ˴ǵ̵࣬˻һֻɫ˳צ˹
˶ս׼һ·ַŹѾ˺ۼһ˵Щš

ǰһʣһɫĽֱֱĳ׹˹ȥ
׹ֲ㲻ôӲĺֱײӭȥ
ԣԳ׹ļӲ̶ȣǲַ˵Ǽ᲻ɴݣ
˷ֶĽ׹ֵ֮ʱ˽֮Ĺֻʱӻ˳׹ֵٶȶѣûʵԵ˺
˶һĹȻûȫڳ˶ףԼһжӲǰĳ׹־ȻʲôǶûУǰ˹
һϣַͺһ
ԶĹȻɱһֻ׹֣ҲҪһЩǰԵ޷Ԥ֪ΣգڱΪҪģַôһϣСĴɱ׹֣
˶ԸһֻޣȻڻ£ӵʱ䣬׹ֱж˿飬׹֮󣬲ûѪҺ࣬һƬƬɫҽƬһɫڵ
һ͵ȵĳ׹֡
ַ罫ڵ˳о̺һЩϵάֳ׹ֵԴ
ⶫ˭ҪַǳĴ󷽡
Ҳоַ˵ڵǸöַ֮⣬Ҳòϡ
ַ󷽣ǽ˵ⶫĻ̫꣬Ҳǳ٣ַòϡ
Ұɡӵʲõվ˳磬ⶫãҿ
ַӣӺԥĽȻ󳤴ֱͣӽڵ˽ȥ
ȻԾĿӡ
ӿԿԵĽڵҧ飬ҧߵǿԵģҪ⹦ǲһġ
⻰ûǾ壬ҲҪڵ˲ܳԣѾֱӾĳˡ
û֪ͳ壡ӵͳѪԵĶԼ
ż˵룬߰˸׹֣˺ϻڵˡ
ûں˵ģ˭ȡħڵ࣬˭ǹھֻҪɱˣȻͻΪھɱ˶ȡ˵ڵ;
Ȼǿ߶ôģЩսûŵǰˣֻʵȥɱħޣ߶ǿߵ׷ɱһԿǿߣ
һʱڵ˳׹ֵĳѨ˲ڰ۲ȺѨ֮ڴﵽٸ׹֣Щ׹Χҽرߣץ˴ѴѵĹ̵ҽһĻͷƤ飬ɽҽЩʳ
мĳ׹ָߴǿ׳ĳ׹ҽӾһȥǳ̹һ㡣
˶һʯ֮ԣоѡ
ַָһûĵӷǸһȺ׹ΧŵǸߴǸ׹֣֮һΪɲ⣡ǸиڣҪȥ·֮󣬾һء󡣡
ĪƵͷҪǸڣͱĳ׹ֶս
Ըʮ׹ַ֣ĵģһԸٸ׹֣Щﶼ׺ޱȣǹ룬ַδЩ¡
ĿǰֻӲϣֻһ·ߣ
׹ֵս쵽Ԫ֮䣬ƾĵͼ᲻ɴݵ壬ս
սԪϵĳ׹սѾ˴ڣ
ǽжϣȻһԪڵĸֿ϶濹һսĳ׹֣
սǿĺ֣϶ܹءڲǵһأĵƣ·ôߡ
޹֮£ַǵȣֻеϢ֮𽥵ĽһһЩȻսߣǳ£ԣҪơ
ַõ˵ͬһصĵطϢ
Ѿӽɽģ¶ߣ˶ùסڵȴҹĻ٣ڵȴų׹ֵϢ
ʼСʱѹ׹ֻδϢĸСʱѹЩܲˡ
ؼ¶̫ˣסȥǳѣü˴۵СۼСʱ˭Ҳܲˡ
ڵȵȡ
˵׹һϢģĶϢҪ
ڣʮСʱ֮Щ׹Ƕһԣ˯ȥ
ַʱЩҲΪŵȣԽӽҽصĹȼԽߣΧĵȼܵͣΧĹﶼɢۼһԽӽҽأЩﶼɶѵһ𡣡
ͷ磬ȷˣ
ַЦƨЩҶĳҪ˵ǣֻҪǽΧİͷɱȻһ·ͿԽӽڣȻĵȥڣӽڵʱһᾪ׹֮ʱٶȽȻùɽͿԳȥˡ
˵ͷ
˵ûֻҪǹؾͺãûбҪЩӲƴ˷ǵս
ַʵֵǻûбİ취
ҡͷ
ַ翴źȥ
Ϊһɱ֣ɱҪľ䣬ֵѡ
ȻĴ߻ֻһɫӰѾĸ׹ֵԱߡ
Ȼʲôʱ򻻵·˷ֺ·ɫͳ׹ֵɫͬڳ׹ϸĻֲ˺Ĵڣ
۷˶Ժѡ
ȺȽԶĸֱȥڹһţתܡ
Ҫһţʵǡôպðѹûʹɲһ˻𣬾еĹ
׹ַּϱʲôһ£˫ۣһɫıӰһطȥ
׹ֿ֮ߵͬ飬׹ַǳĸȻһȻŲӴ򺮱ܵķȥ
Ӻ󣬺׹ַõ
ùʮ׷Χڵȫʣµ˴ĸ׹ְΧʮڽĸ׹ɱ
ڻɱ׹ֵʱ򶼷׷׸оѹһսĳ׹ֵս൱ͬΪʮϵս
Щ£ԵЩ˶ţַ˲úи޷Ը
̶̵ʮ룬˶оʱǳɱĸ֮󣬼һǺˮ
ȫܵһ𣬲Ϣɱĸ׹֣ΪҪҪùסʮ׷Χеȹв˳ȥȻ׹ֵĶѨаԶסһᾪеĳ׹֣ʱһս
ȻǵһκǺ޷죡ĸﱻɱ˶ûгһ
˲ûϢŵսֻǾŶѣʵû˷ѵ
ĸ˵һͷȥ֡
ڶΣĸ׹֣Χɱ׹ȻҪȷŵһκˣĸ׹ֻʮӵʱͽ
ڳ׹˵˶Աǿս׹һЩ̵ĳ׹ֻûзӳӦеսѾˡЩ׹ַӳǿս˿϶æңһᾪԶĹȺ
ɱ׹֮󣬴Ҷҵ˳׹ֵ㣡ǾüĴԣڵڴ֮ڣħһڵ֮ڣֻҪڵѣ׹־ͻᱬһѹ̵ҽ
һͻʧȥ׹ֵڵÿɱ׹ֺǵһʱȥѵڵһץʹ
ԵĽζ˿Ķķθ
Сʱʱ䣬һٸ׹֣ڼоգмκ֮ʱ׹֣Ǻûɫͳ׹һɫ·ڹȺ֮УŶ˹ȥ
ΧĹѾɱַ꣬˵ûЩﶼǵ̵Ĺİٶﶼɳ˯ȫ֪ԼͬѾɥ֮֡
ҽصĹһѶѵһһкܴĹﶼǳ鷳
ֿС飬ʱֶ룬ѾɱһٶΧС֣սǿһû
ַĿǰΪֹǵļƻеķǳ˳ڣҪһͨ·ǰ׹֮ĺ棬ƽɽ
Ī뵽ٵǣƵ׹֮ĺ棬һᾪеĹȻŴڹǷʱȫĽɽҪֹȷȷһʧ
жһ¶ں͹֮ľ룬û⣬֮ܽˣ
ǵ·߾Ǻᴩɽǳ׹ֵľݵ㣬ԣǸʯһľݵ㣡Ҳ˵ʯǳĹĹҪܶ౶óȻĳȥĳ׹һ׷ɱǣǰδ֪ΣգԴҶҪ׼򲻵ѵʱ򣬸õã
˵ûЩȥĳ׹һûзӳǿս͹ˣֵ̫ˡ
˵ͷһһжȻһַסڣǶڵĸ߶ȣڵʵغĻǼȫ֣һܽڷסǳ׹ں̵ܶʱھ׷ǣԣһҪСˡ
ţû⡣
һһ˼ˣӵϴκַ֮صԺȫ屻Լľֺȫңᵽ˾޴ѹ
ԣ˼Ҳȥѧ˼˿̵һֱ˵ķȥѧϰ
˼׻ɫ·ҶֵĿźһǲǿװģ˶Ŀռָﶼ·
˺ܿ컻··ȻǴ֮˷ֺ˶ĻΪһ塣
СĿǰУ֮ڽӽ˶ڡ
Ҫʱǳ׹֮˫͵һĺɫĿ˹֮һ˻еĳ׹ֱѡ
ߣҵס
Ȼйﱻѣ˶ԼٶǶڳ˹ȥ
ַһ˵סֵ֮Ƚʣ˿ַûнַվһڷŭ֮еĳ֮
ԼֵԼûߣַһж
Գ֮ͬʱǵصֱӽ֣֮
֮˻һȫܣ
䣡
һը֮󣬳֮Ӵ屻ĵʮףѹ˺һȺ׹֡
˵ĺһó֮ʮף
֮࣬Ž֮Զˣ泷ȥ
֮ŭһߵʮ·ĳ׹ײɣһ˵ķȥ


177 
ֵǣȽҵ󣡡
ַһŭ𣬾ħУ˿ַ׳Щȣڲ˵ȵʱ
ų֮ϾҪڣ֮糱ˮһĹЩ顣
ַĻҲַΪȡʱ䣬ûкַ繲ͬսΪǶףַȥûаյ£
˳ڣŬɽϷʯڡ
¡¡
ƴĻɽڣܿ죬ɽ忪ʼѣݣת֮䣬ڱס֮һ
˿̵ַͳ֮սһ
ַԪתӶžħͳ֮צƴһƣ˳Ծǣַ类ֱӴɣ֮ᱻɵַ磬˻һ򶴿ڵķ˹ȥ
ڵϵַʮ׹Χÿ׹ֵɫĹâҪǰ˺Ƭ
̰ǹ£
ַӶžħþħʹǹЩײ࣬ħ׶೤ַͱʧһԿ϶ԲǽʹеС
ǽһߵʮͷ׹ַɴɣֻǴɣû˼Ƿֺ
ĳ׹ֺͷɱĳ׹ָͲһȼģַǽǺεַˣǴʱ˿ַ̣һ̰ǹȻЩ׹ûã
߽
߽һǿĹǰĵӣֲĹЩǰʮ׹ֱӱǿĽƬ
ַһȥɵ
ַɱǰʮ׹֣ĳ׹Ѿַ׷Χ֮ڣ
׷Χ֮ڣĹ糱ˮһĳ׹֣
ѵҵһؾҪҵĺô
Բã
ŵ죡
һԲεɫֱסַ磬ַǳСǰʹõСļΣǷȴ˼Σ
䣡

ַϵĳ׹ȫԼĳ˳ȥֱӺͺĳ׹ײһֳһһƬҡ
ַյ֣Ĭǽʽ»ǣ
ˡ
ռһӱһص̣Χг׹ֵĴ˲·һȫԭء
һ̣ʱ俪ʼֹ
ûַʹõǽУ֮ǰ䵱£Ӻ֮սֻǣַѾһǽʽӰӣڶߴϣ֮ѡϣַһӰӣַ֮оϽָ㣬Ѿȫǽʽ»ǡ
»ǣһ־ܣһ˵ݵ˵ľǿʶͬĶݵͣ٣
˿ַ̣ĵЩ̵ĳ׹֣϶ǳԣЩ׹ȫУ
ɣ
ַžħֱӴӳ׹Ⱥﴩ˹ȥ˶ڡ
ʮ׵ľ룬ַʱ͵ʱַ緢ʮལ·ĳ׹ֵĲĨһжͽȻЩ׹֮ǱɣԾûһˡ
ʱеĳ׹ֵֶ֮˹ַķȥ
˿̵ַѾ˶ڣ˿̵ĶѾס֮֮Ѿ˶ĸ˴
ַճ֮ӻˣñ֮һȭɣصĴ˶ڣ֪
ĽУÿÿʽޱȣĪƵĽд޵ɱ֮˳֮һԵĺûж֣ǾĴһߣһ֡
Ҳˣһɫɱ֣ƾǽսԼ᲻ɴݵĳ֮սȻ˲ٵĿֻܴһһŻ֡
ַħɨһͨµľʯ򶴿ڵķӵַ缸ȫ뽫ڷ
ַһĺɨڸձ׹ƾӴͳڳ˿
ַٴηգ׹һγ忪ڣ
һַûа취ס׹ֵĳг׹ֳ˽룡ֻҪסڣһɱ֮õİ취
ҲַߵҲûа취Ŀǰʱֻ̣ܳŶþͳŶã˭ҲʱԼǿĺС
̲סĻոպãϵԣĵط
ʲôַסЩһ׹ֹ
ɸֵĵҽĶô࣬ʲôʱù㿴ڵĻ˱ĻԪأΧĶ϶Ļϵˮֻãֱӻͼȷ۾ͺˣʰЩ׹׾٣
ȷ̸ַ֮ĶַҲоǴûù󷨣ǰΣò󷨡
󷨣ҪʵĻҪǿ֧ţǹ󷨣ܶʱҪ˺ɣĿǰΣʱַ̣û뵽󷨶Ը׹֡
ôһᣬַʱǰһ
ƴһγ׹ֵĳַ֮󳷣ڵ涴ǰλһССͼ
˵ۣǶ֮ϵϵΪŨĵطȻѧϰ󷨣۾Ǹѧϰ֮ʱ
ַǳŬͼûɣһ׹ֳ˹
ɱ򣡡
ַԥʹɱɱһʮг׹ֵĶַӻʱȡԼͼʱ䡣
һжֶ룡
Ȼ׹ַûлͼôһнǰ
ӣסҪ󣡡˿̵ַģǿ壬ſʱסЩ׹֣
ѪַĻ˻һ͵ĳ˹
ʱҲ֣ĪƺͶǣס֮˳ַԱߣ
ûмƻ˶ϵķǳĬ
ַŬĻͼȻǵһλͼΣ֮£ַǳ侲ڡ顱֮£ַΣյʱ̶ܱһƽģ
һߵȵĹ󷨣Ļ£ҪһٸַҲɣ
һо߱Ļ֮£ַֻҪӵͼɣͼͻܿռĻת
˳ļʮ׹֣ǿսЩ׹ţӺͳ׹֮սȫǿӻΪȻڼʮͷ׹ֵİΧ֮£ûгӾͱˮһĳ׹û
ӵȷΪַȡʱ䣬ַ翴ӱ׹Χһᣬ֮֮ھͱˣҲ̶á
ַ粢ûǰȥȣӹôӱסԼҪλסЩ׹ֿԼôַʱ󷨣
ַٶȻͼʮ룡
ʮʱ䣬ôŹģĪǱôŹģ
ӣ
ͼɵһ̣ͻȻǰδеս˳׹Ⱥַһ

Ӱȫ֮Χͼ˲ŶӴĻԪأͼ⣬ַµͼ

ɫĿռһ±˺ڰΧɫĶʧȥԭеɫĻԪǱʲô˲գ
ܵĻԪطıգַΪģ׷Χ֮ȫ棡
Ȼļʮͷ׹ֺͳ֮ͺҲ棡
ַ翴Ÿճļʮͷ׹֣ǹЦӵӣЩ׹־ͽˣλպҪסվЩԪؾͺá
Ҳᰡһơ
ַӵļ򣬡ڣסۣû¡Ծͺãܼ򵥡
Ӹս֣׹Ѿ嵽׷Χ֮ڣַ˵ķһ֮еӴĻԪ׹ǵصĺɨȥ
תۼ䣬һĲҽк˻ռ䣬Щ׹ת֮ҷ
ȻֱڵǸɶżʱôţˡ
һɱô׹֣ãϵʹˡ
ӵȷǿô׹ΧŹһӣܳڻѪ죬طѾƤ¶˹ͷӵûһ㣡
ڶԸӶڳĳ׹֣һ˽͹ˣַ˶˳֮
ַָӺĪƺͶ졢ռλĸǿָ󷨵֮߳
֮о˵ͻȻ֮ǿʮϲֹ˵ķ񹥻ֻֿ֮ܵû˿֮ĸ˴Χס֮֮ܵ·߶ûУֻܴԭذΧڵĻԪȫʧͻȻ˶ǰһǿǿߣδ˺ľסĹڶҲһĻ
ԣ֮Ѿӽĸ߶ȣЩ͵ȵĳ׹ֿԱġ
֮Ѿ֪ˣ󷨣֪Ҳûãһᶮ󷨣
ûע⵽֮ǹһӵеЦ
ĳ֮Ȼû֣Ĺֻʱס֮ȴû˼ֺ֮
˶û뵽֮ķôǿ
ߣĲֺɱһĳ׹֡ܵЩ׹ֵΧŹôǿȻҪĥЩ׹ֱ
ڵĻϵĥЩ׹֣һ½Щ׹ɱһһĴɷ飡
ӺٺٵЦţһħÿɱһ׹֣Ӷо˷ܲѡ
ӣڸַ翴ӵľٶŭš
磬ôˣɱְӱַһ޺𣬾˹
ַ󷨵ֺһɱЩ׹սپһ֮
ŷַǱߵֹۣҲˣǿָŻɫȺϮȥ
ǰӵ̵ĹǿǰԼĻһʳƬЩ̱Ƚϸߵĳ׹ֹͣ˽ŲҲֹǰĳ׹ֹͣ˽Ų󷽳ȥ
Щ׹ǶЩ;ֵĿһ۱סٵĳȥ
䣡
ų׹Ⱥĳ룬һ֮ϵɽںȻݣڱգ
ӣ㣡ַ缱æӡ
ȻⶴĻϵϾյޣ˻ɱ֮Ļǳ鷳
Ҳ
ӵļ룬վλַֻᣬڷӳǿ
һ
˵ȫͬ˵Ķеλ߻Ϊһһ貵ĺɫ֮˹ȥ
һַ˵һʹһͬʱеѾ꣬Ѿ飡
޴ĺɫſֲӳ֮ͷֱ£֮Ȼſڣ³һɫڵӭ˹ȥ
ɫĹڵ֮󣬰ƴڵͻȻһɲΥǿһɫתľ޴Уɫ˹ȥ
ǿĺɫ˶һٻɱ֮û뵽֮³ڵڵһصǿֱӽɫˣ
֮˺ɫôԻٶȽôͲòúˣ˵жϵ䡣
˾֮ʱַ绳еСèͻȻȻ۾ַ绳з˳ȥ֮֮ͣڵĸ߿ա
ֻСèͻȻȻſɫֱӳɱķŴֱӽ֮ڵ˽ȥ
֮Сèָֻԭ״գſɰĴ۾ų֮˸ݰݡƣַĻУֱӱ۾˺࡭
СèĶǿɰĴ۾ЦûЦĳ
ʧȥڵĳֱ֮ӻȻػһɫƬ
ַڣ˵Ŀⶼַ绳еСè⵽ʲôޣ


178 
ɱ˳֮˶˵ϣ󳤳һ
ֻǵһأ˺þȫַ粼Сèɵ֮ڵ˻Ҫͳ֮ս֮ĳ֮ԻóľУ
˺֣·ôߣ
ڵĻԪѾѨһƬڰⲢӰ˵ߡ
Ϣһɡ쿴˶ˣҡͷѡ
ʼһվôѴ򣬲󣬺ȴ˵ʲô
ͣЪָŹơ
ΪǵƵȷأΪ֮ϵ˿ű仯ͻԭȫȬȬӷǳ
֮⣬˾ˣˣȻϼ춼ַָ粻طʱ䡣
˼ŵҩȻĴ֮Լ壬ҲǾϢ
ַýŵҩݸˣֵǣⵤҩǳ˰ɡ
ַеĿŵҩ˶òǷƷ
ӣĪ˺ĽַĵҩֱȥʼϢȻַôΪѰַ統ֵܺʹ硣
Ĳ˼ˣʶʱƼˮַ꣬͸һԪԼûأ˼͵ҩˣȻ˵ַĵҩԪҲĳǷƷ
ԼѾһˣô˼յڶ
æѣ֣ҩҪ
ַĵͬ۹ãͬҵֵܣͲҪ裡
̰֮ˣöǸ˿϶ͲҪأַͶ쵤ҩ춼ַܾ翴ĳʵľܾαװ
нڣ˭ܵĽǰαװ
ԣַ϶ǿɽ֮ˣ
ַһ仰ֵܾͳԣҲӵֱӽӹҩˣллûУֵܣֵ֮ǲҪлģֵǵĺôҶļ
쳩Ĵãظˣֵܣ
ԥĽӹַĵҩȥ
ҩڼܣһ͵ٵ֫ٺ֮Ըоõٶȿٵš
̲סһԼƶǳڵϵ鵤ҲҪʱȫȬַĵҩֻ֮һСʱԼȬָֻ˶״̬
ڶСʱ˵Ĺ״̬֮ų
˵ٶȲҲǰ̽·Ÿ棬һ·ϣûʲôΣգ˻ǳһ
˶ڣ˷ֶ֮ԭڰɽ֮·ǧ֮ȫһƬһ޼ʵĻɫ
Ļɽ룡ֵǣ¶ȲǺܸߣҪһЩ
˳˵ĿԼĿﻺƶĹַ˵Ļޡ
޵ĵȼҪȳ׹ָһȼսԪϣսҲΪսϣ
ĹͷƤһ顣
ӸµĹȫһ·ߣ˿ʼͨ󣬵ڡ
һϲȿˣֵǣȻɱȥǲܵģǰһһǲУֻȡ
ƲһӣⲻǷϻôȥЩսô
ĪƵǵĿֻ֮ܿһĹֲͻ˵ֹֻܿеһֻޣҲȫ󵽵жҲǣҪʮ֮ͨ
šͷ˵ûʮЩˣĿǰѾʱˣֻʣ¶ʮˣ滹кöؿʱͨ
Ҳڵҿ棬ĹﶼۼмĵߵĹԱȽһЩҪͻƵĻҪѡȽٵĵطҿǴͻƱȽϺʡ
ӵߵĹ٣ߵΧǳ󣬶·߷ǳߣǵǵĹ϶ҿɲһֱǣ
ӵĻҲǳеߵĹǺ٣ǵǹ̵أЩزһͨأҽأ
ȥ˭Ҳûа
ʱַ絭ĵҲˣֱӷɹȥͺá
ɹȥзôеȷһ뷨֮أǧ֮ߣзйߣܷɹһξ룬γһð취
ַ翴Ŷ죬֣أ
˶Ŷ죬˶ŵĿŶ죬һޣ
ҲǴһ֡㡭ô֪ޣ
Ȼַ϶˵ǽ˵ġ
Ǻǣˣ֪һϲޣҾ֯һЩ޾¼ѡޣǵһѡ붫ΪĴһӵһֻ޵ġ
ַ˵ûǶЩַЩϾжϳԼޣܲЩ˵ȷϲޣҲϲʱȸ֮ޣǲ޵˻ռݴΪϣ޷ǳ٣Ҫ׽ѱһֱ޸ϼѡ
ֻҲĺУʱַ̱гˣȻ˼˽ˡ
һӵӡһģ̫ŶĬ̫󽥽ϴ漴һȻ̫ͼ˳ɿž޴ĳ˶졣
ͣڶߣ˾޳ͷڶ˼¡
йԱġ
ԵôһȻôһд֣
ûһȷǳ󣡸ߴϣʮ׵վǰֻһ㣡
һҲֻͷȽ񣬶ǳӴ֫צӣǰצڶ£צβǳıŤֻ쳤ʮףȫźɫƬ
ʲôޣʳʵʡ
޾ܵĽ鶼Ŀ࣬ûϳǿԿ϶һӽƷ֣
Ǹ߽׵޺͸߽׵ĲٶȺ޵ķżзϵħٶȷǳĿ졣
Ǽǰʦȥ׻ˣŰٶԪ
ŰٶڣԪַͷײĳ嶯ֲö춼óá
Ȼ˷ޣ˶׷׵ĺ󱳡
Լĺ󱳣Ҳ֪˵˼ǷǳĲ⣡Լĺ󱳿ǴԼ㣬ôñȥأ
Ť壬㽫ˤ
ڶһ֮£Ű
̲ס֣ԱĲŶ
ӲӵЦţһǳϲıŵ£ֻǼʾףûб˼
ԭˡ
׼׵֮չ߷ɣವһǰ
ò˵ٶȵȷܿ죡ǧ׸ߵĸ߿֮вûʲôΣգĻҲ˿еֻܶſ˻ţ͹еĵˡ
ڿУ˲ſ˻޵Ŀ¡
ÿ߶ϣȫðܻ棬˷޷壡
⣡ַͻȻһ
飬㺦ңַ̲ס飬Ϊǽ˵÷йȥġ
ôˣʲôµģҪֻΣҪʱѣͼˣֻҪǳŹʮӣǰиɽֻҪǸɽһоͰȫˡ
ô˵ҲѸ׼ַǳ˽ľǿԼֻΣܿͻС
ϵЩǿʼΣֻһųľ޴գ˹
Ļ˵һ޷ͨŷͨǷڿУҲС
ַҲýţֻҪŹʮӣǰиɽɽǾͰȫˡ
ʱӵ˳һ΢ͻڶԱߵĪƣš
֮󣬴ӵĿռָ˺ִܶҶǾ⴦ģרŶԸߵĸ߹
Ȼһ㶼ִ඼йԼ˴඼ϲִȻһִ԰ߡ
ʱ̣Ҳ˽Լѹ׵ļһȫ˳
һһ΢ͻ֮Щ۵ĵ׼㰡ǧ˷ŶЩʯǼĸ߹ʯ
ʯ
ŷ֣΢ͻڵĵҩȫʯһڵİٱϣ
Ҷףóѹ͵ļһˣȻûȥ˷ӵļҵס
˷Ļ˶˻ڣ˷䰴ť
޴ĳ˶һڿǳСڼҲûʲôѹǰ˷󣬺Ķü˴һ
һͨ˿ַһڵûɱˣͱˡɱ
û£һΪ˵ʣֻڸСƣٴӶùڶϰˡ
ԵģҲǳ
ÿڵķһƬ񱻴ƬһĻ¡
ڳĻ棬ڼӹֻۺϣᣬѾĻ¸ٴγ嵽գ
ַ²ףΪʲôԼҪԼڿսˣڵĻ㼸ȽǸմһֻǺܿͻḴڿеĻǧ׵ľ룬һʱ䣡
ѹĻɱǻһδεĸԽɱԽ࣡
Ϊ˱֤ķٶȺַԾĸ£һֻǰצץַ磬צץŶ죬˻ɱ·Ļ
սս˷ϵħٶԶڵķȥ
ٶȵȷǳ죬Ļ񶼱˦ٶȳ죬ڼƵĻһὫɣ
ʮѹе˵ҩʣ޼ʯѾʣ޼
֣ǵĵҩֻܳһˣ޻ûа취٣
˶ףҩþô˸ûа취ٱʱһܲǵصĻ˵ǧ׵ĸ߿£ٵôʹ˶ĺУҲһ
˿̵Σݲö룬ݺݵҧҧЩѵ˾ַһ֣סңȳסˣ
콫ԼĻڶַ磬ַָһڣɱΧĻ
һ˿ڷǳĳַҲֻתҡأݺݵĻɱ߻񣬲û񿿽ķ
һֵӡӡ֮ϽâŶϵĶһĽâӶצӡ
һֱצӺܿ˽ɫ漴ɫڿٵӣӵʱ䴫βͣ漴ȫȥ
ԼǿԵģͷ޻ģҲܵɣˣԪġ
ǽĻַҲû뵽˿̻ôһѡûԪôĻԼҲᶪģô·߲ȥˡ
Žɫ壬ҵ˻һͻȻ֮ٶȼӿʮϣһ߳Զɽ֮г˹ȥ


179 ַ磬
ȼٶȣת֮ͽеĻ˦˺档
Ҫӵʱ嵽ڣֻʮʱ䣬ͳ嵽˶ڸ
䣡
ĻȫѾĿĵҲûκεļ٣ֱ֮صĺɽ֮ϣûɽ֮С
ϵ˺˸ûмʱ
ʱʱ䲻ٶ̫ˣֻȫת֮סԼ壡Σ˻Ҫͬʱ߲Ļ
ûɽ壬ͬʱͼӲɽײµĶַˣȫѹ棬˿̸оȫ类ںһ㣬϶ദַۣоԼؿڱѹȥȫһΣؿڻһʹ
һѾҲҺҪȻϼ£ѹɽµ˿϶ᱻĥ
ǿϵľʹù鵲ܵʯͷȱ֮˳
˶ǻѪǱ
ˮϵˮϴһԼһµ·ʼˡ
Σַ粢ûиҵҩû֮ǰճԹҩٳԵĻõĻԵҩԣΣǳȻڸоǾߵʱһͻᵼ޷Խĵز
ϢʱͨоգǶʧһֵŰԪޣ˵޼Ǯߣȷڳһս֮з˼˸޷ͨ
ʧȥҲܣˣֻܽܡ
˶֮ˣ˴Ҷʧȥ˺ʬСİ˳Ϊϴһ壬ɽľʯᣡ
˶
Ƕĸ飡һӵ֤˶֮ˣ
һߣ޵ᣡַ˲һǺͬսսϵĻ飡ˣжܣǳʹ
˹ƻָ֮󣬴ҳһЩ·
ʮ֮˳ɽһص㡪Իɭ֡
Իɭ֣Ũܵİһƻ档
ɭ֮˵Ŀֻ֮ʮ׷Բǰδ֪Σգ˵񾭶
СһЩΧסһԲȦߣ֮ľ벻Ҫʮϣÿ˶ҪտһˣҶס㶢סĪƣĪ㶢סӣ㶢ס죬ҶҪɢ
ַļƻǳĺãҲչ˺Լѭչһ飬㷢ʲô飬ڵһʱͻ֧Ԯ
ûõģԻɭʵͲɭ֣ǶǵĥʱҲﲻ㣬ֻܿԼĻַԺ
ʲô˼ַȫĻ
ÿ˵һʱ֪ˣŵ˼Ҳ²͸֮һСģĻ䣬ַ绹Щʲôû
ǳĽַҲ˸ۣһǺųܵģý͸Ķǿ϶ǳ
˼СǰУΧĻ쳣ףɫĻһһƻ档
ͻȻ׵ĳԼĽһͱߵĪƣĪƲҽһĵĿ˺һۣȻء
ͻȻ֣к޷ĪƵ࣬ĪƵ
ߵĶ켸Ǻͺͬһʱ֣һӵ࣬Ӹû뵽ߵĻ˲ΪԼĵˣӻûü͵һƬѪ֮С
ͶĿַһۣʧԭأԶ֮гȥַһԭطɵ㶡
ܣ
һ̫ͻȻˣͻȻַûзӦͶΪʲôͻȻɱĪƺӣ
ַ룬ʱҪɱԼôԼӵôǲܣ˶ֵܣͬ໼ѵֵܣÿ֮ĸ˸ûаķͻȻͻϮߵˣǸ˾ԻĪƺһӣ
ַסеľʹӺĪߣ˵ȷѾˣ˶౻͸ǻǻڵȫʳ˷ĩ
ַʹ𣡲ʲôԭַ綼ҪΪȥֵܱ
ǳԼֵܣַʹԭ
ַǰȥ·߶ķַҪɱ죬ɱ
ַ֮кֱײ׶೤ľħɨһе赲
ܿ죬һϤӰַǶ죡
죬
쿴ַ磬翴һħһ㣬кɱһŭַ磬
˿̵ַֻɱֵǱ𣬸ûзֶеĺʹಢַе٣
˷Ĺһһʱ䣬ǿΧһһƬƬķĩ
һʼƴĴ򷨣뽫Էء
̰ǹ£

ɱ򣡡
ħƣ

˶˾У޾ĺɱ⽥ʧ˱ԣֻɱ֣
Ѿ˼У˫ƣ֮࣬ԽԽоԽԽ
ַԵռϷ磬ɱ컹ЩѶȣ
ַ翪ɱ򣬻ԪתΪټǽɱ˶죡˿̵ĶѾ˸ֻڿҪҪԼ
ַҧгݣ죬޳ܵСˣ
һ㶣ȻǷŭַ磡òȻαӣ
ַԸŭգɱҵֵܣҵòȻ
ֱַʹֱַӴԪתֱ쮵˴ڴԲ
ַԴӻԪת֮ûʹùӵϴڴսʳ֮ʱַʹõʦӡԼֱӵûʹӣ
ַҲԪתٿʦķӡٵԼǿսǴ˿̵ַ绹Լ
оַͻȻ֮ǿҪʹԼ֮ʱͻȻַ粢ûй˵ɫòͣ
˿̵ַľѾַ֮Ҫ죬ַͻȻϴַʶַһ˲侲
ǵľԽƽʱ򣬾ͻǳãһʱر侲ĴԺʶ
ַףڷһʼͶ콻ֵʱԼֻɱ֣ûȥʶʧȥĽûһеô£ֻɱԷֵܱ
Ҳַʵ뷨Ҫɱֵܱ𣡿ַ紦µķʽŪ֮ǰôô嶯ַԼʶһܵʲôӰ죡Լʵһչ˳жϣȫԼȥ
仰˵ûиԼ˼Ŀռ䣬ȥ嶯ʱûг֣͸˵Ҳʲôѹƣ
ַͻȻǰ˵ĻĥԼǣַӵĿ϶һжϣ֮ǳĹһ⣡
ַڼȷŭʱ򣬾ͻϰַ
ַϸһһ·빲ôԼֵ֣ܳӺĪƵȷɱˣ⵽ôһ£
ֵˣҪַһҪŪôһ£
ַ֣ϢȫŶ죬ңΪʲôҪɱӣ
˫֮һЩɫѪ˿Щŭĵַ磬ɱģֵǶɱӣڷ˵ɱģַ磬㱰޳ܡ
ַȻ붯ֵĶ죬ӵĹˡ
֣һЩַ˵ţϢ֮м˾һ򶫷ȥ
쵱ȻַֿϢǾº˳ûһ˿˺սӴ͸оһ̹Ϣֱ˳ԼϢٵԼĴԣ򷴿ԼǱʶͷˣ
һľ˶Ĵԣ˲԰òԻſŶַ硣
֮ǰ˵ǳǿַ绹ЩţΪַûùΣ˵һ֮¸òȻоǿ󣬿Ǵʱ˿ַ̣ڸܵ˾֮
ûо飬˿̵ַͶԻ֣˾֮ս
쿪ʼ侲ַоϵϢЩꡣ
֣𷴿ЩϢ԰㣬һ⣬ûɱӣֵܡ
ַ糷ȥ˶ԶȫϾ񶫷Ŀ
˿̵ַȫȥ˷ȫûһ䱸򶫷ȥ˿̵ĶͻȻѣַԲˣ
ʹַɱ֮ʱử棬˵һ䣺ֵܾõģǶ
ı飬а񣬶ǲǵģ
Ǵ˿̣쿴ַ峺񣬸Լûһɱ⣡ַҪԸ˵ĻΪʲôҪѡԸԼȼ·һôߣ
ַֻΪֵߣԼһƴס֮󷨶Կ֮Ļ棡
󶫷첻ãҪӳһֵͬģûκ˵⾳ӡһ𣬲ܷӳһһȷ˳Ҳ֤˶˴˰˵Ļֵܣ
ֵܻ׵ĶԼֵôôַ֣ôͬһʱ䣬ôĪ֣
ַıƽĻֺ̌Ͳֵ
ƺķǳַ֣ƺиڷźɱɱ
Ƕľ˽Žߵַ磬ʼûдȥ
ַ絭΢Цţ򶫷ϯȥҲȫԼķеıѵһڵء
ƺһ˲䣬˹֮еѪ˿ʧޱȵ峺侲
ЩȵĿַ磬֣⵽ô£ôͻȻɱӣ
ַҡҡͷ侲ĵҿɱӣɱĪƣ
ɱӣǳƣҺԩ޳𣬴һ·˺ֵܣʲôҪɱӣҵʱɱ֮˵ֵܾõģʧɭ֮УҾ׷˹սһ
ַ˵ͷҿļһһ⣬Ҹоһص֮Ӱҵʶ˵ǿĶһֻþ
þüͷ壬˼
ַͷԵɺ֮µõһ顯ǾңţҲ㣬ǼʱѣĴ룡
һζεĺַ罻սĻӶԺһĺ£ʱԼ׼ԼַԿʱַ˹
һ룬ҲԼַ֮Ĳ࣡ͲַĶ֣
Ƭ֮󣬶ҲΣƽʱҸûô嶯ҵˣôһ£
Ҫ֮ʱͻȻð˳ַͶˣеĶ̽ŭȵַ磬죬


180 ֵܣߣ
ַͶ˶óҧгݵĺҪɱ˵ľģ
ܣҪ嶯
֡
˿̵ĺ񷽲ŵĶַһֻɱǰΪֵܱʲôȥ
ַͶ췽Ŵսһ˶˲ˣԺĹЩģȻȫѹסַͶˡ
أȴ˺˴ηηţȫܷſԼս
ַһκͺ潻ַ֣оĳ·߸ûʽ·ԣȫ̵·ߺ;һ
ÿÿʽ֮䶼Ѱŵ˵Ŀţвͻᱻ׽ôȴľһ
ַšʱ򡯣϶ʮ֮ڣַˣַųеʱ䶼ûУͻܣ
ַһθо˺սͿ֮
ַٶȱյĶ˺һһε
òַ磬ǽҪĿ궢˶졣
췽źַһս֮ʱѾˣԺҵĹһмܲסʮй󣬶ѾʮѪַԱԮ죬⺮ʽ´ʱĶѾһʬˡ
ҲǳƣоΪ쾳磬Ҳ쾳Լô˵ҲԪڵΪȺҪ߳ʮȼǶֵٶȺǽԼѹƣ
첻ӵкԼһΪôַһ԰ԼԼҲסʮУ
Ĺˮȫ촭Ϣʱ䣬㶫жͼܣûʱʹã
ˣޱȵıַ磡
ַͶֶԿԺͶľսַоԼһ͵ģȫ岻ȥ
ַÿνӽ֮ʱַ˾룬һεѹַϢַһӸоһյش޷죡
úѣͱ뽫ƷôͱôкͺԿǣַ˴УϴеĻǺ룡
ԣַֻȥϴӺʶúѣ
ַʱ뿪սȦڲԶ֮ת߷ž
Ѿַȫöѣ߷һַеޱȵٴδ߷ַľܿͻᴦڱԵǰԼĶһİ룡
ΪֵܣַһôַţԼһܵĽ飬Բʲô⣡
Ǵ˿̵Ľ鲻֪ƬԻɭȫǸſƣֻҪԼĻһӦԼĴڣ
Űٰ裬ְǬ˸ŷֽĴڣ϶군
оַ߷æסַ꣬˿ԿǽԶ῵
ַʹڴ߷˾ȻֻǴ߷һС֣һСַ֣ѣǽæֱַӻιȥ
˷֮һѪַĿ˳ַоһѣΣԼưϢ
ַ˼ŬƽԼʶ߷ľ򺮱ķȥ
һº͵˵ĴûǸ߻ܾա
ھӽ֮ʱ򷽲ŵĶһʼʱԿǺܿ죬˺
һ˲ֹͣսȥվԶϵıĪ⡣
һζεļӺԺﻮͻȻĿЩ㵵ɨַͶ졣
磬֣⣡ǵʶƺܵӰˣ
Ϊһɱ֣侲һɱʣ
ַɫ԰׵ûһ˿Ѫɫͷһƨ˵ϣѾʣ°ˣŵľһֱڼȽŵ״̬ͣսˣҲ˿˷ȣһƨ˵ϡ
֪˵״ԼɣΣǿֻ˶û֮ǣο
磬֣ԲסˡĲ֪˵ʲôˡ
û£ⲻ㡣ַ˵꣬Ϣý޸Լơ
һԵĶĿźһ죬Ҳͷ
Ŷ죬沿ףֱӷŴ˺üòһͷ̲סЦ
Ϊˡ
ַϢ˰Сʱ֮󣬻Ѿָںİ֮£ҲָɵĹ
˲˷ʱ䣬ҪҵӺĪˣ˶˽ӺĪɱˣû
ַзģĪƺַһǬֱӴɡ
ѰһֱûӺĪƵϢ˻һţ˶ѧˣеľ˱Լʶ֮ϣ֤һпԵĶԼʶ
˵ʶ߶ȼУģ˶оһֵȸУܿ죬˵ɶ
ָоǿȥо޷Ǵ˿̵˶оʧأĳ嶯ɱȫصɣ
ַ缱æѣСһ㣬ҪԼľɢ
ʱ֮ڷһսֳһƬǽ壬ܵĻľǿսȫݻ٣ʮӣЩӺԲҳģҳģ
˶ӣ
ܿ죬ַ緢һ̲Ѫַָմ˵ѪڱӸǰһţѪѪҺ϶ӣҲµûĻĪƿ϶Ӵǿ׷
˳Ѫ׷˹ȥϵѪһֱûжϹҲ֤˷ǳصˣû
һ·֮ϣ˵ĽӡһĽӡûһʱ䣬˺ڽ֣ȻӼĪں׷ɱ
˵뷨һӺĪƴˣַ硢Ͷһ
ھСʱ׷ϣַҵӺĪƣ
ӺĪƲûд˶ѾһϢһ𣬸ùˡ
˵ĲԶ֮һʮ׳ȻﱻĿϣһЩĵĶϢ
ǹԱߣʮߡʬ塱
ַ˲ûдù˵ӺĪƣ˿˶Ѿ뾲ȥŵĻֻϼˣֻһ߸˻
ַߵǹԱߣȥһĹȫѽϳɣһڡӥĽ
Աߵصʬ嶼һЩˣȻΣûйȫһЩϺһЩеĽɣ
ַһο˺ͻЩǺͻսַжֳĺۼĪƺ˺ɱ
ʱ֮ӺĪƲ˹ַ֮Ҳֹͣ˵Ϣ˵ķ˹ȥ
ӺĪƣַû˵óҩ˹ȥһҲֱץˡ
˵ƻѾȶֻȶ˾ַĵҩ֮Ҳ֣ܶ
˵̫ˣϵĹͷ϶ˣ˵ڲضͬΧڴ̴˳ԼʥҩѾָǿֲ˾ַĵҩҲûа취ԭҪȫԭҪʮϣ
Ҳ˵ϣû˿սʣµҲˣ
Ī˵˷顣
ԭӺĪͬʱ˶Էɱַ磡ʱ˴ŭ˲֪١
ַλһֱж𾴵Ĵ磡类ɱһǱԼֵɱ֪Ǻεȵķŭ
ܾˣʱ̣һʿһ֣ڽսӺĪˣһٽһͬ
ⶫʿһֱûɽһ
ɽһûн޾ԨھŲ㣬ͨʥذŵ·߽ϣ֮ǣʥؽӴһ죬ʥصĽӴҪȥ֮ʱһ֣ɽһ˳Ľϣ֮ǡ
ӴϿɽһһ·ϵ״ɽһ˵˶ȥ޾ԨھŲ㣡Ϣһ㣬λ˹ȥ
ʥصʥŮľ͵͵ܳȥˣ˶֪ʥŮȥϣ֮ˣʥŮߵľλӴϣʥŮʲôµĻô϶ᶪ
Ӵ»㱨ʥʥʡ
ʥʺͳԺڳϵõϢ֮ҲΪ֮һ˭Ҳû뵽һô˽޾ԨھŲ㣡Ϊʲôô߻ѡһ·

ɽһĩ೵鶴ڣ˴ͳȥ֮ɽһˣǣжһɽһսŵ˺ַͬ·ߣ
Իɭڣɽһַͬ˴ܾˣǾ֮Īƺɱ
ûɽһĲ룬ĪƺһþսǾɽһĲ룬ɽһǿȫʶϢңֻôһң˶ʱ˹˶ʱԼʶޱȵ˲ûнʲô໥һۣͬʱӭ˹ͬĵˡɽһ
սһӺĪ˽еķŭйɽһϣɽһսǳǿһԶӺĪƱѾˣ˱ƵĽ·磡
һ·磬ɽһɱоɱĪƣӻΪ֮սҲǳǿɽһѡɱĪƣٸɵӣ
ĪƣڿԼǿԴ֮ڣֱӽһˣ
֮µɽһ㵲ѣΪ˱ٻʮͷӥĪƣԼԶݣӰ
ĪƿսʮͷӥʮͷӥĪǿĹ»ΪɻңһͷӥֻʱĪƵıԴѾ꣬һͷԵڵء
ԱߵӼ״Ҳ˽ռָʮ˷˳սӥӵĻ˱ӥȫɱӥҲϣǲû
֮³˹ȥԼǿĽӥսڣӽƣ֮ʱ㽫ӥ
ս֮ӺĪ˶һϢ϶壬˸΢εĵطϢ
ַӺĪƵˡ
ⳡĶǵսַ֮ѾףӺĪ˲Ѿ޷ùĵƶˣ
ô·ַ硢Ͷ˲ҪԴΣҪչӺĪˣ
ӿַ磬磬ֵǣȫͷѾˣȻѾ˽ӹʥҩԾ޷ƶʣµ·ҾͲֵˣҾûдܴϣ֮߳ᵽϣ֮͹ˣѾΪǵļȡҫ
ӵĻףˣûˣֵˣ
⻰ֵܵĶر̶
Ҷֵܣһ·빲ֵܳˣַܶԼֵܲܲô
ַ粻ˣû֮ˣ
ʲô˵ˣӵĻж̫ܡԼ˴ҵۣôֵǻô
˵ģԼμϣ֮ȫΪԼҫֻҪᵽѾﵽĿġ
ǧμϣ֮֮ˣÿһ֮߳˶޼ӸûԼܻ߳ԣ۴ңֵܣֵǲŸϣţ
Ӵȣֵܣߣ


181 
ֵܣߣ
仰˶壡ΪֵܣҲŲֵܣ
仰зǳܡ
Ī˼ǰڵһʱ޷ָҲֻطϢˣַһߵĻ˵ģֻ鷳
ĪĵĿǰʽҺǾڴ˵ˣǰ̽̽·˺֮ȥѰǡ
ĪƵĻ˵ı˼һֻ˵ķǳֱӣĪ˵ıȽίѡ
һܶ壬˶ף˻Ϊҵĸۣƻָֻᵢ˴ҵг̣
Ҫ˵ʮ¶òˣһʱ䵽Ͽȣϣ֮ڵ˶
ûԼֵ
죬Ū
ƲͷЦţҪܸҿռָд
˵ţһŻɫ󴲳˵ǰ
һһĿռָﶼһЩ·ʲôġ
ַԣ͹ԹԵ˯ɡ
ַϹὫ˴ϣȻĴɫӡ
ֵǣˣ
䡮ֵǣˣҲǸӺĪƣֵǲᶪǵģ
ַǰ̽·ͺ̧Ŵ󴲵һͷֵ˾·
ӺĪеһůֵʲôû˵ȴᶪǲܣ
ռĳһһõӰ˵ͷ૵ĵһأû뵽ô͹ˣ⼸˶壬ǲɶõ˲ţַ磬治ǡǬѡˡ
ʮ֮Χ𽥱ϡܵľ￪ʼĳ˵֮ڡףһˡ
ڵλþħս
վһɽ֮ϣ·һ޼ʵɭ֣ɭ֮ڣвɱĵص㡪ħս
ʦ˵ÿһħս֮ڣеĲ߶ɱߣѵһأǲҪԶĵˣҪŶĻ顭
Ӵ˺ĻȥģʲôĻ飿
ӵĽ΢ЦſӣңҿҪ㶪ﲻˡ
ִеͶ㶪ңϴ󲻻ᶪҵģ
˵Ǻֱӣ˷ǳĺˬҶϲˣûĻ
ʵҲûĻֻǰѴҵֵܣ˵ֱӣֵ֮䲻ҪĨǣҪȥ
ǴڲͬĻÿ˵Ըв죬ˣĪƶħô½ҵĹӣܳˣ˵Сһִҷ緶ķ񣬲˵¶˼УӸַȥǡһˣ˱һֿͺˬ壬ʹӵԸһ
ַԸһֱת֮У⼸һѾַͣδΪһߵʱ۷ǳļ򵥣Ǻúѧϰͷأĸ׹Ϻõӣô򵥣۾һԼͼ˵Ҹ֮УһͨƽҲԸǳĵҼ𣬳Ϊƶ
Դݼ֮󣬳һߣݼѧϰɱַΪĹһַԸʹΧɱ䣬һͨ˳ɳΪһߣ
ٺô£ͼѾַˡ
ͨݼѧĶͽһֱĽ̵վַ磬ҲǰǸַ磡
ʱַ磬̳Ϊһ߸ϵߵ״ͽڣ˼ܣκ鶼ΪӪѣַ綼ӭж⣡
ĻڶжףЩϣһ飬Ĺھֻһˣϣ֮Ĺ򣬾Ǵϣ֮ǻ߳ȥˣһʮˣ
Ҳ˵Ǹܻߣ˶ҪɵĶ飬ʱĻ飡ְԼܽԷֵܣ
ַҪôѾռӺĪʧȥսֻеߣ
ħս֮е֮伸Ϊˣʼһһսļ٣϶Լ˶ԸԼˣ
ǲɸıʵ
ʾʱ仹ʮ졣ʮѾȥﶼ֪ʮôġ
ַҲԼֻʱȴʾʮ죬һսйأֻԻɭʱĲ죡
ַ֮һǵһħսϣ
֮֮
ɱħޣȡڵ˭õĶǹھֻЦɱ˲ɱħֻ˳Ϊѣ
Ϊ֮ƣҸطӺĪư
ǰУǰ̽·ʱĽ֡ˣǿʶȥ̽ǰĵΡ
Ȼ˵Ǭﶼǳ˽⣬Ѿȥǧ꣬㽣ļٺãЩ䶼ţǧǬ϶仯ǰһģһ
ħսĹֲȷǺ
ɭ֮ڣǳʪգߵĻݶ֮ߣҶ޵Ļµһ¶ϴһˮ衭
Сģ
մһʮɫֲﾹȻȣһһ˰Χ˹
֮³һɫġצӡֱ沿ץ˹ȥ
죬һ˲佫צӡնϣնϺצӱ˺ںҺ壬˺ϡ
ֻ·ðһɺ˲䱻ʴһ󶴣һ·˺ѾˣҺѾ˺ƤĸʴһȭͷСĴ󶴡
Ǿ綾
Ѿˣںж֮󣬽֪Ǿ綾
ж˲䣬ȫƤѾɫĳ˻ɫɫ
ʧȥս
״Ҳý˫ֻƣַһһһЩֲˡ
ֲսߣֲǣЩֲﶼо綾
ַ缱æƣѾԣȫƤðһЩɫĺš
ַͨļ飬ⶾҲв֣ԵǲߣҪȻˣֻǸʴԷǳǿ޷һЩĶⶾʴź壬ùҲѹסĿǰΨһİ취ǽתƣҲ˵תƵһϣ
תƣ
ûҪȻֵܾˣСèɡ
Сè
СèɣСè߲Ԫ˵ⶾСèء
Ȼô˵ַҲԥһ㣬ľ͹ˣ
Ҳ˺壬֮һҡͷ̾ϢΪˣ
˵Ķ飬ˣһˣ·ôߣ
ӺĪƿַı飬֪ûоˣǳʹŲΪ˱ӺĪƣͲᷢ£
仰˵˱ϵӺĪƶ
ַܵбʹպֵǵ飬ҲõģҲֵµģа취
СèèкóԵġ
Сè˯ʱ򣬲˭вѵģֻҪ˵кóԵģһԻһ㣬ַԲˬ
ַ罫߷һ㣬СèıǿףջĺСè
Ȼַʳջ֮£Сè˼±ӣһ˫ƯĴ۾Ȼ˿һַļͷֺðգŴ۾ַ硣
ַ簮ǵСèԴãСèèһֵˣ˾綾취֮
СèַԼʲôóԵģһ˫۾һ˿ŭƲͣҡͷ
ַ簲οСèԹԣ㿴ΧĻһкܶ챦ʱȫģȫȫģ
Сè۾ԲԲģȻ쳤ţĿ˽µĺ
СèںԱߣںתȦʲôöһ㣬ſè죬һҧ˺ֱۡ
ֱɫѪҺǺܿ죬ѪҺ֮еɫȥʼʺɫƤҲĳ˳֮ɫ
ϵľ綾Сè֮ȥЩ綾ȴתƵСèϡ
ںϵĶȫȥ֮ʱɫСèѾһɫСèжСèһ¶ûУǳ촽˲ԶĻԡ
ܿ죬һƬǽ壬ЩղŹ˵ֲԿļٶȿή
˿СèĿڴҶַ֪绳Сèַޣ˭Ҳû뵽ô̬
СèڽЩֲ֮תͷַգ˼۾һʧããɭ֮С
СèַɲСèһֶӵĻ֮ܣ
ˣСèԱȥǰΪǿ·Ҳ㲻ԼܺԼˡ
ַ֪СèֻܵһܣǾǰ϶ࡰóԵġСèȲ
ĶѾȥ˿ûʲô󰭣űʴĵطҲֻһЩƤϸֻ֯ǸоȽѣһʱܺõģҲǵҩָܻģҪԼϢָҪʱ䣬ܴﵽ״̬
ħսΣһħ޶ûпأͲŵһˣ
Ҹȫص㣬Ϣ죡ֵǵսȫָж
ַû취ȥҿ϶ȫû
˶ͷĿǰֻ
ħսаȫĵط
˳Сè·ߣСè߹ĵطʱִħޣԽħ޺ϹѪѹԽǸоԣԣСè߹·ʱǰȫģ
ַСèԼϵȻĸӦַӦСèλãǶԴҵߣ
ַͷɭ壬ĳ巨ô
û˻ַ磡
ʮ֮һ·ȷƽƽĹΪ쳣ɭ֮ڵʱĹ˻һ·ϣȷûκε쳣Ҳûпħޣ
˵ģСèĵطеħ޶رܣ
Ѫѹħܹܵģ
ַͻȻоСèһصֹܸͣоСèȸԾĸо
ַ˼ӿŲص˹ȥ
ǰһͺͺɽڵס˵ȥ·ɽǧͷħĴԭأڵȴʿһ㡣
ޣӤޣħޣޡеħ޶ϵħޣĽ׺׵ħ޶У
ֲһ·϶ħޣԭеħ޶
ԶһСɽ֮ϵַһ顣
˿һµͼòȥϿȵ·ǰ棡
ô߽ħ޾ۼһ𣬻ûпǵھеĲҲܺô߽ħԿ
ɽǧ֮Զֻ֮һصɽͣϢ
ʶԽǧ֮ĵɨһҲûãûսʤôħޣ
ַӦСèɽ֮ĳַٻСèСèصԼߣСèȫַٻƽԼǲǿٻģַҲǳΡ
ַܸоСèһֱ˷ܼ飬˵СèһҵʲôôֻҪСèû£ַҲͰˡ
ܿ죬һʱѾȥɽħǲûɢȥֻǲûһֱһĶΣǷǳɢεš
ôħ޾ۼһкܶħУЩħ޶ûκγͻɽ֮ǰԹԵԼѰԼĵ̣еħ޴㶨
һȴΪ˵ħɢȥħ޶˶ᱻһأ˭Ҳ޷ͨ
˼ĵۣһʲô⣡


182 ӡ
ĿǰұôֵַǻָԼƺ͵壬̵ʱ䣬ҵսȫ
ַ籾ýþħƳŵҩǽһֱܾԵĵҩѾˣٳȥĻʱԻָսǶǵԺӰܴ
ȻˣַҲԼֵΪԼĺ⣬Ժ֮·͡
ַһֱڶڰѷ磬˳ý۲Щħޣڶָƺ͵塣
ģֻõһһҹʱѾȫˣ֮ҲȫӺĪƣȻ˯ڴˣѾǹָֻҡ
˾ŬĽ
죬Щ춯ַͺæ˳ȥй۲졣
ַͺɽ֮϶ս˫Ϊȣ
ΧмľСѩΧ˵ʮߣַ翴ƮӺ͵һӰȴħ쳽Ϊ۵ָһѽɽһ
ԣɽһƮӣһ˹ˣ
ħ쳽пܱɱֻˡַжϣ쳽Ը񣬾ԲͶκһ˵ģ
ƮЦſűΧ֮У˵СѩСѩʥŮˣɱ𣡽֮أ
СѩŭȵɽˣȻΪ飬ǲ֪߳ܣӦŮˣߣ㻹ݺ쳽Ǳɣ
ƮЦô޳ôܿܣֻҪ߳ϣ֮ǣеĹ⻷һ˭֪ұ޳ܣѵ㲻֪޳Ҳһֶô
Աߵĵһһ㶣ǱΣɱСѩľַˣ߳ϣ֮ǵˣûԼλãħսҪҵʵˣһԿǿģôֻʱˡ
Ʈݺ쳽һ֪һصʱ򣬵һɢƮӣƮ˵쳽ɢˡ
ŮˣһƮֻȨ֮ƣȻģ
ƮӾȻԼݺ쳽һԼľ˶ݺĻô˾Ͳˣ
ûһˣûһ˾ӣȥݺԼ飬ûмĳ
һƮӵˣŮȴЫ
ЦǶо仰ʶʱΪܣ¸ǣڽϣ֮֮ǰǾѾƮӡɽһˡǵҪĿǶԸ쳽Ƕ죡ǲ֪ǵľСѩľַ磡
ⷬһ˵һˣȻˣôԼĴ
ĿǰĴڵһ˵ĻǳĲʣɱߵˣǿ֮еǿߣˣһ޷Ӧ
Сѩľ˵Χ¶ҡҡΣķͼܣĸûУһ˴ˣʮȫȥ·ӣ
ֻһ·һ
ľμϣ֮Ϊ˺棬û뵽Щ˾ȻҵɱԼ
ľﴭŴȵɱңʥص˻ὫˣǼ壬йϵ
ĵ֪ʥûʸμģΪʥ֯ģֻǶ⿪ţҲµûĻ͵͵μӵġԣǺǣҲɱ㣬ɱǿ϶ûӣֻץסѡ
СѩС㣬һǵжԹϵɱʥŮȥ֮һǴһ
ľеʮ֮һ˿ҲչֳʮֲһδεĽߵİΧɢǼʹɢӭʮħʦĸ߽ħ
ħɢ֮ʮͷӴĸ߽˳
һΧȦɽһų飬Ľ
Ϊ˶ԸˣѾóеս˽ΧĲ㣬Ĳ֮ϵ޷죡һ㱻ƣһܿľͻֲıҲѷɣ
һʱܻɱˣҲϼѡ
СѩһΪѾЩߣûһ˵ΪܴﵽСѩֲΣʲôӡؼܴﵽҲܺСѩȵģСѩǧ꣬Լһһӡ˵ﵽϵĲ޷ֲģ
һСһѴ󵶵һһѴ󵶵ǲȵģ
İΧȦһЩսʿսʿҲǶò˵ĶɱǳĴ󣬶ҷҲǳǿǵȱ⾳񶫷һ⾳ΪǽΪһ壬ڵǡǡ෴Ǵ⵽ڵ
ֻҪƿߵĹͷһػǵҪǻشԣ߷ǳڷ׵죬սʿħʦһЩְҵÿ϶Ŀס
ַߣᾭִƼЩþߵʵرķǳߣǳᣬÿ˵죬ӰߵٶȣӰ죬ҲǳС
ʮѹɽһѾǿսݻٳһƽأսûнڼ
ַڿҪҪ־СѩľֵĻַûһգַ绹ڹڿսȻ˵СѩľѾ˾ַ粻˻ôױץ˵˻к֣
ôҪԸǿˣôħô½ߴأ߸˵սԲСѩ
ûпǵߴӣܣߴǰˣҲܣôֻһܣߺߴ֮ҲĳЭ飡
ԣַڵȡ
ԱߵĺǳĽţֽеĳԾԾԵĸо
ַоĺЩ٣תͷȥͷ֮˺ˮ
ôô
ַоǳ֣һɱ֣侲ɱֵһʣ
սֳ뺮ɵˣΪʲôô
˳źĿ⣬ַ緢֣һֱעľķľÿȫͻΧ֮ʱĺľ
ַʱףĵľ
ľʶܰһħô½ģһʥʥŮͳϹϵ
ʶĻ˼ˣҲϰ

һ㶣תͷôˣϴ󡣡
ַ翴ЩֵĺûôҵôˣһֱľС㲻Űʶ
ȭͷһȷǲ
ȷַãˡ
ͷţȷǲȷȷҶҪҲ뿴˺
ַԻˡ
һûгΪһɱ֮ǰһС͸ĸҸƽСʱһѣҲľҽұ
һ죬ǵһˣеɱҵļ˶ҵǰʦң֮ҲûϢ
Ϊǰˣǵϣ֮ǵһۿľ֮ʱҾҲǰľǲҵҶҪ
ԭĵ׻ôһݵֿĸ飡
ַжһսȲҪżڳȥˣֻʱǵͣҪȳ˵ĿԲ󡣺ο˹ˡƮӵ˶ûжǳȥϣӲ
ʵ˿̵ַбȺΪżľʥصʥŮǲɱӶʱ䣬Ǳ˶ѡ
СѩǱɱĶַȻСѩֻм֮Եǲ֪ôģַ粻СѩŮ派ѪϵַֻҲ֪ԭַ֮粻Сѩ
ǴʱǾ˵ʱߣַͻȻ¶ӺĪƵ˵ĵص㣬Ǿ͸²
ַСѩľұżֻܿţʱ֮ٶ֡
ַڵȴСѩľ﷢УֻҪһԷһͱң˻ˣ
˿̵˹˵ҲǵСѩľ˷Уһ϶ҪˣȻͽ˹˵ԽԽãЩ˵ˣҪɱģĶ࣬ʡԼˡ
ֻҪ˾һ϶ǿ֮ĩʱһֽСѩɱľܻ
Ѿ˰СʱСѩľѾɱʮһˣ˶ѪˣСʱڼ䣬˷׷׳൤ҩάôãɼ˵սǶôǿ
ľãȻɱ㣬㻹߰ɣҪɱңҾһᣡ
СѩҪʹôˣĴл˼ľ˵СʱսľΪԼǿĹСѩûˡ
вɱľľΪСѩ¹ЩҲʵ֡
Сѩڻûȫľı
ѩ㣬ô˵ڣɱǵģұƼˣҾԱ˶ᣡ
ľܴ˶õľΪǲܵģ˵Ҳŵ˶ѡ
ĵˣһţŲס
ľС㣬Ȱ㻹־ܣҪΪĲҰôϣ֮ǵʥƶĹ򣬹֮ƽȣҪƼǣ˹˵˶𣬽˹˵˼ףҿ԰İֻʣһڣͺã
ľﵱʲãСѩҽ㣬ͬʮӵߣŮ洵ĺˣҲȥҪĲݣ϶㣡ɱСѩ㣬͹һأ
ַ̾ϢŮӡ
ҲѪڣȥԮ
ΧСѩתͷԽ˹ˡһƮӵǼ׽ľ
СѩһʮĶľãСģӦĹ
һսתֻ֮Ϊսʮ߷ֳСѩŰΧóһ·ľȥ
ľϵ˹ˡһƮӡ˹˿Լķˡ
ľһߣҪСѩѹǿˣ
ʵ˵ѹ˲ܶľ֣ľԺ޹˼ɵɱˣ
ȻҪôǾһµɣ
졪ӡ
ӡǡ⡯ԣСѩǴ߷ԼȫǱʹУ
СѩĻ䣬еĲʯ߲֮âʢУ߲֮⣬ռ䣡
߲֮âӿм£һԲ߲ʷӡΧȦȫΧУСѩԼ
ȻľսҲУ
ڴͬʱСѩһѪ˸򣬲ԵڵأɼСѩڵĹ߷ʯԼҲҪܷǳ˺
ԶַͻȻоĵһĺϮȫַ缱æתѹƲסֺϢ
ȻҲܵ޷ϢæСѩѾͷˣ͵ͬھ
ʲôַ󾪡
Ů派ѪǲܳɹģԶĻĺûйϵֻоһᣬһˡǣôһĻǣڵŮ派ѪҲᱬ飡
ô죿ַĿǳ侲
ô죿ȥ£ѾӦĴˡ
Ļû˵ַ꣬оԼߵĿռһŤһַ̣緢ԼѾսȦ֮ڣǰҡҡ׹Сѩ


183 Ů
Сѩǹһ˿ѪĿ޸Ŀַ磬ұ룬ҽԺҲûл㱨ˣѪ˵ͬʱ㾭û뵽㾹ȻҲǲۣ
Сѩַ磡ǿԼȥԼѪˣ
Ů洴ˣҪôѾѪԼǸˣҪôһŮ洺ˣ
ַ統ĶȥŮ派Ѫַ統ʱҲ֪Ů派Ѫãַ֮Ѿˡ
Сѩַ֮ǣһһС࣡СѩΪŮ洺ˣ̫Σһ࣬ҲܺǸһ
ʥŮҪػ壡ҪѷӡȫȳΣ
Сѩһֱɱַ磬ûʱҲûлᣡϣ֮֮ãСѩǾȳȵˡպַ磬ŰַҲ
֮ΪȵˣУɱ֮ˣƮɱԼˡ
СѩæŶԸЩˣûʱַˣ
СѩΪԼһûɱַ磬ǳźԽŮ派Ѫַ羭
ʵŮ派ѪͱַнĴڣСѩŮ派ѪҲַһѣҪȻͲַŮ派Ѫˡ
Ů派ѪСѩҲҪֵѪҪǳĴۣǽ鲻ģɲԼڳ˯ǧ꣡
Ů派ѪСѩַ΢Ĺڶ޷ʩչһѳУȴòˣ
ַܵСѩԼĺ⣬ʲôû˵СѩǰĿɨǰĵˡ
˿̣ӡѾȫ淢ӳ߲ʿռڣɫĹâ޲Ĺеĵˣ
߸û뵽СѩǿɱУ׷һƴֿš
ܿ죬м߲֮߱âɱַСѩ֮⣬е˶߲ˣ
һʱ䣬ҽ
˶оֲڿٵļַҲоСѩһţ
СѩĿһѪַ缱æǰ뽫СѩסȻСѩһѽַƿ
ַ磬ҺǣҪͬ飡죬ҲҪᣡ
СѩŭһɢһõһαɫҺü˳Ưǰ
ַ羪Ů派Ѫ
Сѩʼʹòӡ棬ȻСĿռŮ派Ѫͬھ
ȻСѩľѾҲСѩľľȻԱ֮
ӡʱסеĵˣСѩݵʱŮ派Ѫ
Ҫַ缸ͬʱ
˯ǧòɲ뱻Ů派Ѫһըٴγ˯
Ů派Ѫڳֻн֪ɽɽеĶûˡ
ַ磬Ҵ߷ڵŮ派Ѫ߷֮㸺Сѩںϣҽ㷨
߷ַڵŮ派Ѫַоһֺ񱻳һ㣬ʶ֮˵ʹܡ
ڵһʱ䷢ӳãַ긧ƽ
СѩһַüҲһűɫ壬漴ַǰ
Сѩ󾪣ޱĵ㡭ôŮһط
߶Ů派ѪطֻŮ洴˲Żᣡ⴫˵õŮ派ѪȫҲﲻŮ派Ѫֻжô߶Ů派ѪΪﵽһ߶ȣſԽŮ派Ѫӳ
ַ粢Ůˣֻһֻͨ࣬һСɫôŮһط⵽ô£
ط˳ȥЩǿߵõ֮Ůһ᧿Σ
СѩĴһӶ·Сѩڳ˶籬ʮ
СѩŮ洺ˣѵַҲŮˣŮôˣǴ˵뷨
֮ǰСѩɱַ磬Сѩ޲ýַǧУ
Сѩתһ룬ԼҪˣԼϵΣػصһһеѹûˣСѩоһɡ
СѩƶŮ派ѪŮ派ѪǷǳº͵ģͻȻı겻ıɫʼȺ֮ɫһֲϢ˲ɢռ䣬͸©һϢԡأ
˶оŮ派Ѫûһܵס˵һжữΪУ
ӡѾɢʮ˲ӡ֮£˵һʱ䶼ܣǽȴûж
Ϊֲ֪£ûõģ˲켼ܣ
е޶̲סе޲Ŀƣµ
˶ţһ̣ҶŮ洺˵ǿ󣡴ҲܵŮ派Ѫ⻹ûб֮ǰ
ıû˸ȥ
СѩŮ派Ѫ֮ɢšϢƺһͽһл
͸©һϢŮ洿
ַ߶Ů派ѪɢšϢƺһﶼӳ˯֮иգ
СѩŮ派ѪڱıԵ֮ʱַ߶Ů派Ѫǰ֡ˡ֮С
Ӵһ˲䣬СѩͻȻһһɲ֮佫еɱⶼһɶԼʲôƺһеʶȫŮ派Ѫ֮С
˿̵ַҲͬ״ַоŮ派Ѫ֮һصԼԼʶȫܽŮ派Ѫ֮С
ַһ㹦ַȫǰսָʾڽַ̣һСĳͻṦһȫ̽䡣
콫ʶ뾫Ѫ֮УôõĻ᲻Ҫ
û᣿⾫ѪҪԼʶôǺû᣿
ַһֱԽɣʶתΣ֮£ַҲûпǣֱӽԼʶ˾Ѫ֮С
һռ䣬Ů派ѪĿռ䡣
ַ緢ԼһƬһ޼ʵĻ֮Уû죬ûеأ·ֻԼһ»ꡣ
Ȼܿ죬ԶһɺԼȻ෴ϢԼַһõһ㵽Ǹط
Сѩ
ַ磡
˿̵СѩȫɢһͻϢַɢϢϢȻ෴ϢռΪһ塣
Ϊһ壬Ϊһ壬Ϊһ塭
ַ磬㵽ʲôˣλŮһϵĹ
СѩһķŭȴоôҲŭ˵ĿҲǳ͡
ô£СѩԼҲףоַʶԼǱʶ֮дһ֡ϲͽӽζ
ַҲˣַûԼҪȥϲСѩǶϴαСѩȡСѩŮ派ѪһЩΣСѩһЩѣ˶ѣ
Ǵ˿ַ̣оԼǱʶ֮УСѩ˲һ㺣һְĽһ˵壬ĸо
Сѩ⣬ַȻὫ鶶ַ˫һ̯εĵҲֻ֪֪ҲǷκ˵ĶǵõҪѪʱĲ֪Ů派ѪŮ洺ôҪʱ֪ҿ϶ǿѡڸղţҪһУ֪һˣҾ͹Ŵ߷ڵŮ派ѪѾѪ㣬ôҾͲǷˣǷҲͻˣǺҰѾѪ߷ҸоѪ֮һصٻң뷴ҪˣҵʶҲͽˣ
ַ˵ټ٣СѩַĻҲ޵СײŴ߷˾ѪŮһϵķײܸ㶨ô
СѩַĻҲûа취
ҲţûǴʵҪȻһҪ㡭ÿСѩ˵һҪǻߣȴ˺ÿСѩԼо֡
ַааЦţұͺܺÿҶ˧ˣ⣬˼˰ģҶôÿˣ㻹Һÿ𣿣
СѩҪŭȴĪġꡱһЦˡ
ַ翴СѩɰЦݣţôЦͦÿģҪһ˭Ƿһ򲻻ġ
ͣԣ飬ԡ𶯡
ַСѩǰƮȥ
ôˣСѩ⣬ַ֪Ҫʲô
ַʳָСѩ°Ĺһ£椣ĲүСŰɣүߣ֤ĺġ
ַԼҲǳƣоһһ㣬ΣǵԼϷƶС죬С˵ô
ΪʲôϷСѩ
ַһζεĻ䣬СƬһĻĻĴַԺﻮ
Сѩǳô󣬵һαϷǱһϷСѩôܲ˵ģ
ҪСѩַ˼񣬱ûдš
˽Ŀַ磬СѩǵһΣַǳ峺ü֮Ҳǳĸ˵ʶַǱʶȫһɺȻ
ʶռϢһ˵ıԴϢƭ˵ģ
˸ͲǻˣϣֺȻˣֵ¸صʥߣ
Сѩãˣ⵽ô£
Сѩûи֮ʱСѩִַǱʶоһϤϢϢ
˿̵ַڻ£ԼǱʶ©СѩǰȻ֪
СѩԽԽԾⲻһϢϢСѩΪŮ洺ˣȻֱܷϢ
£СѩŸᣡѵһӵѪ࣡תˣҪˣ
Сѩһϲ񣬼ѣԭַת
ҵľѪޡǶᣬҪҵľѪǲͿˣǲǺһأŮһָ֣տɴ
һֱô᲻ҵһת᲻ῴҡ
ַպôӻ֮лСѩһҸĿԼСŮַ̬ΪԼˡ
Ѿͷû°ɣ
СѩʸĽԶ֮ˣ˽ַݲȥϲ룬һʥŮǺεҪһǸܵģ
СѩΪŮ洺ˣ縺ΣغŮһ˥ʹУҪҰˣԼϲУҪǿݣλ
ַѾﵽСѩҪνġʡ
׿ϵĲ˵ַܽŮ派Ѫؿռ䣬Сѩˡĵһ㣡
Ůɹ֮⣬Ů洴˸ûһɹ
Ļǡĸ֣ǧߣ˭ֻܶأ
СѩһַһͬʱŮ派Ѫһƽ⣬Ů派ѪĻռ䣬ײ֮£Сѩĵһ㣡
ˡ
ʱͻȻһƮʶһõ˵Ϸ
ֻܿһģһ֣ռɢһϵֱӽַСѩʶ֮ڡ
ַСѩ̲סּ֮һůȻĵһ̹
˿̵ʹಢߡ
ͬʱ֮˵ϸоһϤϤϢϢƺʶһһ㡣
ַסԼ飬û´ĻӦǴ֮ĸŮ
ŮﵭЦЦַ磬ȻºͣƺҪַ翴һ㣬󻺻ĵûĻӦһħǴӡǵħ


184 ħսǰ
ħ
ַСѩͬ
ŮַоκˣԼϹŴ˵еߣ֮ĸ˵е
ַ֪Ƕô𺳣
ǣŮ˵ַ֮ʱ³ħ֮ʱֱӷ˼ٱ
ֲԼһкڰߣֲӵٻĶħԼԼֲúڰʹ˵Լħ֮ħ
һеյ׶⿪ˣԭַħ
ַ֮Ż㵵Ů˵ħǴ˵ǧǰħ
Ůҡͷǡǧǰ2012꣬ǳ֮սħˣһԿħ˵ħ˵ħǡħһжǡǧ򡯽ּ֮޻ħħΪ࣬ɢռסȱڣΪ˻ΪУҵ֮٣磡ռ񣡶һֱħ
£ַͿˣСѩҲͣͿˡʷϣļţǧǰħսħħӡ
ѵһжǸƭ֣
һǸƭ֣
ϵĻһ˵ôַȫĲţⷬڴ֮ĸŮĿУһģ
ѵ˵ŮƭԼĺˣ˵ŮǸðƵģ
ܣ
ҹݣĸ߸ϵҪ࣡ǧųħħȴػߣ
ộ
ô
ôɺޣ
Ůϵķ߱͸Ů派Ѫ֮֮ﵽһƽ⣬߱һһҪ͸Ů派Ѫ֮е֮ﵽһƽǺεѣ񣬶͸ƽֻأֻأֻſԸֻܵأſתͶ̥ǧǧֻصмˣֻתһжҪ¿ʼһеļ䣬Ϊ򶼻Ĩֻصԭ㡭
˭ܲ͸
߾Ǵֻأﵽľ磡
Ů˵ʲôٿڡ
ַ̲סŮûдﵽľ磿
Ҵﵽľ磬ǵħħ֮Ҳŷֻ֣һЦһЦҲŷֻһʼ
ֻһʼ
ŮﾹȻʧ̬ЦɼŮﵱȷǳ𺳣
ŮҲԼʧ̬æ͸ΪҪﵽʮľ磬Ҳû뵽ĿǰΪܽ¾ѪĻռ䡣ʵҲֻһƲӰһвôǣұѡռŮ派ѪĿռ䣬ֻв͸һ˲ܿңռ䣬ҲֻһλᣡҸһ֮Ҿͻʧ
Ҫסϵʮһţۺϵ쵰ʮ֮ңҪ縺ػ߱͡񡯵Σ
Сѩ̲ס죬ŮĸŮǲʮɱģ
Ů˵ͷҵĴ֮㳲Կħ񣬻񡭡Ϲ鲻ǶԿħģǱϵۺϵۡۺʮǧ򣬵ǺħֶԿħħ𣬴ǵ档ϵۡ۴ʮͱһǧ׷䣬ǧ򱻻٣ϹŴ֮һ⡭
ǲ֪һЩϵۿ۵ıǺħϴͨħħڵ棡ǧħռ֮սܾˣۡϵۺʮ̵ħ֮ǰԼһΪ壬סͨۺϵ۵ļƻҲʧܶգϵۺһеħ꣬Ůǧ籾ԴϹסħꡣϵۺ޿κ֮£ֻա
ΪԼУƣħħħɢӡռ崦
ʱռħȻ޳ܵ˵ħٻԨħ屳ħΪ飡ۡϵۺʮƭռˣһŭһ£ӡռ壡
ĺ̨Ůһ壡Ǵ֮ĸȻԣʱ򶼷׷Χ壡
ЦŮһ崴࣬෴ҪɱǣЦ
ʱħһΪ壬ռѾգ޷ռ䣬ûб壡ǿߺε֮࣬ռǿ߳׷ɱ֮½ڽڰˣսǷӡأĸضҵĽƣ޷ƣûб塣һҪ
˿̵Сѩҧгݣ࣡ػߣྐྵȻôǣ
ѾˣҲǱɱΣŷϵۡۺʮبʱڵߣѾ˴˵
ߵУƽȣһǵжԵģŮһκʱ򶼲ƫ̻һһ仰Ůһ廮һ𣬺໮˽ޡ
ַһֱĬĬţм·ǳףŮϵۡۺʮΪʲôҪռ䣬࣬Լļ԰
ŮﵭĵϵۺõԶͳ磡Զ߸ϣһвڽ£
䣬Ǹ߸ϵ飬սͻֻأ߲ͨͬǣǿԼӵԼ˳Ĵֻ֮ɿһ飡ֻͨĵ͵顣񣬸ǧֻҪһλֻأǵĵ˾ͻ˻նɱۺϵҲ޷һ٣ԣ׷
û֮ĹبƣΪѰ֮ϵۺ۾ȻбĹı顮澧ڡƻĹ򣡡
ûǳɹˣǳɹĴط澧ڣħһ棬ǻ֮Ǵ۾ǴӦħռ䣡

ַСѩ֪սʼĩ׾Ȼϵۺۣ
Ůҵʱ䲻ˣǵ񣬻һħһף
ַȻŮĿǰΪҪôûʲôֵҩǳֱӵľ磬͸ŰɣʲôصҰɣҺð񡣡
ַףһǷΪƸΪַ꣬СϺױôΣַɲɣ
ַ֪ԼһħҲûϵһħһ£ûϵֻԼΧ֮ڵ£ȥɱֻУȥַ߱붼ȥˡ
Ů￴ַ磬ĵǰǰԼһħӵħѪӡǣҪĵҩУҲ㣡һܵľħʲôҩãֻҪռһħ꣬ʵɱϵۺ쵰
Ůﶼ˴ֿڣɼŮϵۺǶôߺޣ
Ů﷢ֽĴڣַһ㶼⡣
ħ֪Ļ࣬ϴħ˳Ϊһħ
ŮĻ䣬һɫĹâַʶһѳģ
˸һַǳůĽ⡣
ȻһѳǸַĸоһŮһ࣬ͤͤĸо
ѵǾ񽣵ԭʼռ״̬
ŮЩҾЩΪʱ磬ŮȻȫ˵Ҳ⡣ұҲŮ˵ֻһ䣬ҵĵһˣŮûУ
ĿŮòʲôìܻ߳ͻֱַһ
Ůһֱħߡħ֣;ŮԼû֮ӡֻҪҵｫŮȳŮͿԸ
ǳĵǲǿô˵ħ֮գǾŮ֮գ
ŮûǶһģ
ͻȻŮ洣͵ϮħһǲǸûˣ
ַСѩͬʱ󾪣Ů˻͵Ϯħһ
״
ŮͻȻ쳣ʹ࣬Ҳۺϵ۵ĲԣǣŻħ֡Ƿ˵ģѾ䣬ֻһʶ㶯ְɡ
ɫĽֱֱֱĴŮĻӰ֮д
Ҫ
ַСѩͬʱȣ˸޷ֹ顣
ŮһɢԴ棬ҲûŮ񻰴˵еֻŮҲֻأͶ̥ת
СѩŭҪʽ飬ǽ黯һâصַʶ
ջصַ꣬˷ܵĴУ۹ηˣ
Ůһ˿꣬㾹Ȼɱˣ㻹˼Цַķŭѣ
Ц֪ʲôҲɣǳȥŮҲʧһ꣬õ˷ǳŮҲ֪ҵ⣬ŮһֱһĽᣬǵۺϵ۵Ĳԣ͵Ϯħħˣڽҵֽ⿪ĽᣬŮҲͰĵȥˡ


Ůһ궼ôǿھħڶѾȫˣٺ١ѧϰڶڽļˣ
ħڶô
ǵģһǡڶǡ򡯣ħĹǳĸߣڶǸƺͱ˵򣬻б˵κιѧãռˣ֮⣬ûģԣڶ㣬ֻܸƱ˵Ĺ
Ʊ˵Ĺô֪Ĺʽʲôã
õһȥɱ˵ñ˵ʽԼʲôЧԺѧ˾֪ˡȻֻܸƱʱ򣬾֪еˡ
ιڷʲô㶣콫ǰѽҪһѷСѩŭݵĿַ硣
Ů걻СѩΪŮ洺Ǻεȵķŭ
ַ罫ĻԭĸСѩСѩ꣬ʱ
Сѩַ磬ǰ֮кܶᣬϣܱǰӣһŮｻǵ񣡡
ַƲͣζɱңôȥǰӣôȥԭ㣿
СѩͣͷǳΪѵĵҸǸ
ַ粻ĵĵǸôǸõĻϾͲᷢôˣ
ô
ַСѩף˫ɫԵĵĻһԿǿǣٺ١
ַû뵽Сѩûͨ죬󽿵εεĵҶѾѪ㣬綼ˡ
Ҳ
ַˤڵأڲǰҺ֮ǣȴⷴҲ̫˰ɣ
ַ˫ۣϣԼûпȷСѩһӿԼ
ַֻǵϷϷһСѩʵдûйֹСѩ
Сѩַź͹ı飬ĵôˣ˵ģԺǻҪ˶Կ񣡶ǲ͸һ㣬Ů派Ѫֻּ˵ӵӵֻǵһ𣬲ܷӳԣҪǶ˫ݣ
˫ݣ


185 
ַСѩھѪռ伸СʱַںСѩͬʱͬʱĬķ˫ֱͬʽ
Ĵ߶ַͻȻоԼСѩַͨԸоСѩʱ˿̵е뷨
ַ籾ͲСѩĴ֮£һЩɬѶķַʶЩַ缸ʱ䣬ַҲδŪĶ
ַԼ֪ôģһܵСѩʶЩƺһ˲ͱַŪˡš򡱣ַ罫Сѩ˫ʩչĸӵӡȫһɲĸ˹ַСѩһʩչĵһ㣡
СѩҲǳԾŮ派ѪӡҲһ¾ѧķʽǰַȷȫѧˣͻƵġ
Ѫռ伸Сʱʱֻ˲
˵ʶ»ع֮СѩƵļըľѪַڡľѪȫֲֿ𽥵ȥ
ţ˿ǰġ͡־ѪѾܵĽһ𣬻һ̫ͼ
ʱСѩƿֲѾʧ𾪺Ϳ־֮еںȻɢĶӣ
ûɱСѩˣ


ˡ
·һ֮˵
ţܲռ֮мһ֮ϢȻֽȻ෴ĲͬϢ
ͼٷתĿֲȻ춯֮
һĿռ䱻˺ѣһռѷ첻ռ䲻ʱ֣Ƭʱ䣬ͬΧһƬľ˿ռѷ죬ռѷ˲պʧ
ˮͰֵʮӵʱ䣬ɽͱ˰棡
Ͳռ䣡Ů˵ģҪﵽǸܸʹãַСѩΪȴʹ˳
ֻǿʼַСѩûзӳһ
СѩַתŹʼڿռײŷ
䣡
ڵһײ֮ʱռ䱻˺һ޴ĺڶӴ֮е߻ûиʲô¾ͱ˽ȥ
Ǳأˣ
ɽһӰֻɽһվλñһѪһ̣ɽһʧ
Ѫݣߵ
ɽһԣȻϧȼʹóѪ֮ߣ
ŵڶײײλ˹˵˵λá
ͽ˹ָ߽µľչ߷ɣǿռѷ޵Կ⣡
޴˺ͽ˹Լǽµ޾ĺڶȥ
תȫĹȥֿ޼£Ҫڶһ̣˼Ϭһ㣬ͬʱһָ߽µ·ĺڶȻȥ
·ɢɱֹ˵˹Ĺᰮ˿ӶԼķԼ߸ߡ
·ʮͬʱо˺ǿֲֻǸܵɿֲನĿǿеͽ˹ˡ
ЩңֻҪӳǧ׷Χһȥȫش
Ǿʮҵʱ򣬿˿޴ǵķ򸩳˹ֻ֮ͽ˹ƴʹô˹
ʹõһϵħħ䣬֮ڵĵȫ񱼵ʮ˻֪ô£֮ǰĵֱӱѣ԰ټƵľ޴ʯ˹
ˣ·ǰ֪Ǳͽ˹˺ˡ
˹ˣǲú
޳ܣ

ͽ˹˸˽Ҳûʱȥᣡ
漴ȻµķƯħֱ˽˹˵λã˹˱ԦŽµľӴľֱ˹ȥ
䣡
汾ħֱص˹ȥһʱ䣬һƬң
˿̣ͽ˹õħһʮ
Ǿ޴ĺڶʱķת˵еʣ
ڶǶе޲ɣ
ͽ˹˵жֻһ˲£úڶֱӸ壬ħֹ֮˵ȥ·ڶɵ˵ˣ
ʱѾڶ˽ȥȡһʱͽ˹˻ϣ˹Ϊ˱סԼֱǿ¾˵Ⱥ
ԣڶɵ˵ˣͽ˹˵ΪԼźõһѣ
ϵΪͽ˹˳˺ڶ˵
˶ʱоѹһᣬΪ˶һѣ˾Ȼͬʱʧȥ
˹ˣǿߣ
жһ¿ռ֮һռᣬ֮һ׹ͽ˹ˣ˲ʧ
ڿռȶ£ʹÿռᣬкܴĿܵӰ죬ʱѷ죡ַСѩʼʹʱ֮ռ伫Ȳȶʹã
˿̣ռȻЩȶѾ˲ôˣΪ˱ֻðһԣ
֪Ľÿռˣ˭Ҳ벻ͻȻˣΧɱСѩͻȻɱߣ
ڵڶըַ֮СѩͬʱһѪ˹ȥ
ʵһֱ֧ţո˲䣬˾ף˵ĹĿǰͼԦŹ
Ϊˣ˲òӲʹȥ
ŲȥԼСѩԶ
Сѩ߶սСʱˣʣ޼ִ߷Сѩ޷ĳ
ڡ롰֮ʱַоСѩڽҲѸɢҲʼɢ
ַƺܵСѩڸԼ磬ˣһоͿˡ
飡
ַ֪ôŵر䵱ҩⶼˣԸ⣬Ӱ첻ӰַԺΪַܶôصˣ˲Ȭ
ַֻ֪ԼʹãǴʱַСѩͨҲ϶ĸַ磬ԼСѩ
ȷҪΪСѩˣ
ϻûˣ
ΪƵĻԺ²
Ժ˵ٲˣûˣ
齫ַͨ괫Сѩ壬СѩûоܾͶůԼȫ
СѩϵԿüٶȻָΪһ˲ͻָ˶״̬
ָ״̬Сѩ緢зݣһҪеնɱ
Сѩǵ͹ȫ֮˲䱻գвٴνСѩĹ
ַѣ
ҪĹһҪΪѾͷͣһ˷Ҷ֮һûˣ
Խŭַʲôû˵
˿̵ַڽı֮²ûʧҪȻ͸Сѩһˡ
ڣڵڶ֮߾նɱͽ˹ˣʣµȫˡ
СѩҲˡнͣԸϣ;֮ϸ͸ϣЩǿԼеģ˭ıҲ˾ϵĶ
СѩѪΣַͬʱҲܵǣҲһѪ˹ȥ
ԶĺַСѩĸ죬ε֮ˣ˱
Ǹ˺ұ֤ħô½ɱ֯㳲ɱߴӣ
ĿĶƮӺ͵һħô½ӣϡȴӡ
˿ƮӵĽڻѪľĲϡ
ԣľĹѾ⣬Ʈӵϡ
ַСѩˣûйľλãһƮӽľ
ȻƾƮӺ͵һˣòľʱսԶֱӰæ׽סľ
ַǰµûߣƮӺߴ֮϶ɹʲôЭ飡
˿̵ĵһΪƣַΪУƮһȫ֮٣ΧɱСѩľҲûг֣ǣʱ˳Ҳˡ
˶֣ľͲʶΪҪ̻ľ
ΪľΪҪ˵
ľĿ⿴˺񣬶ĿҲӭȥ
Ŀһ˲ڻһһЩɿƵļ
ľоһ˿ϤǰˣǸã
ľȷʶǰˣ
ߴ֮ϹŵЦźûʲôߴˣѾˡҲͷˡ
죬ôĿ
ĴĪƳںߣӺͶҲ̳֡
һֱɽ֮չ˺ͱĪƺˣ˼ȥַͺþòս˳͵͵ڰ۲ս
սսҲ岻֣Ǵʱַԣӳ֣Ҳ̲סˣҲҪֵܲս
ֵǼһַСѩƣֻǻԣûʲôǰ
ʵǽ˻ԣ˵˵̫Ϣ⣬˵ľܵһĴˣǳء
쿴ĪƣЩȣĪƣ㻹û
ĪЦ컹ûôأ죬ҪĻʱ㣡
ĿĪƼɨǺǣǶ˰ɣʯԶ˶ɣĸɱĪƣ
Ĵԣɫ΢΢һ䣬˼ףĸɱĪƣʣµһ˵
ĪƵǷǳģÿһʮ֮ıԣĸǱĪļ²˴
תһĪˣ˿̲Ǳĺûᣡ
ֱ֮ĪƵķ˹ȥ
ܣ
֣ӭˡ
Īδںɽһһս֮ʱȥ˱ԴڸͲĸ˵Ķ֣ԣӭȥ
ҲãЦЦĪơ
ħô½ĸ֣
ӭ죬սһ
ô㻹֣ƮĿԱߵĵһ
Ʈӵı޳ܵһ˽ģǺ߽ˣŮˣľ쳽ֺߴԼ
һںܶ뿪Ŷӣʵһʼʱ򣬵һַһ𣬵ַŶ˹ˣľŶֲҪֻøƮˣһ֪ƮˣԸԼһߣ
һãƮӺԼֱǶԼ裡
ȻһҪ뿪ŶҲҪȱ֤ԼŴսĿʼַǱƣǿƣһ϶ᷴˮһֱûжֲ룻СѩַԼҲֻǹ
ô˿̣ٲˮôĺַΪˣ
һַΪУǸƮΪ飡
һɱ֣ĿԶĪƣֽű׼սơ
˭Ҳûע⵽һȻƣȻƮӵĺȥ
Ʈεڵء
һɱƮӣܣɽɽͬΪ𣡶ԼƮͬΪɽɽһţԼɱƮӣ´ȥɽɽһ᲻ݣ
ĪƺѾ׼˺͵һսһŵƮӣоǳԾ
һﳪĳ


186 ޳
ľתͷԵһллл
һЩ˼ĵ֮Ͷѡ
һҲ̵ģԼʥصʥŮҪԺȥɽԺʥùϵ
ľɫıޱȣڵϵƮӣһŲϣ޳ܵŮˣû뵽ɽɽжһɣԵˣǸŮˣ
Ľһãľ￴ŵһ
ţһԡ
ľɱҵ֣
һޱƣ㲻ҵĽʲô߼
һóһذ׶ľľｻˣ
漴һһ򶫷ķȥ
һ˵ĸˣȻƵĸ˽·磬ɱĸˣзǳѶȣ˵һֱѰŻᣬȻĸƽ֣ʵѾ֮нƿžƣŻһѡ
ֹ߲ۣĹ;綼ԲһʮغѾ˲ˡ
ŵһļ룬ͶֶԿ죬ƺܿŤת˹˺ҲֻǺ˸ƽ֣ɱ죬ϼѡ
սڼľߣʥŮѾɱƮӣ
ľ֪СѩƮӺ֮ǣСѩȴԶ֣ȥɽһȫ壡һҲ붯֣ҲɱԣɱƮӣľʲ
ʥصʥŮɱƮǸɽӣɱˣ㻹Ҫ
ʥأǵôû˸ҵʥأԣκ˶ɱľ
㡭㲻ɱҡ
˿̵Ʈӹ⣬ֻ˸ף
Ʈӿһ֮ľɫ쳣ѿ֮ȫǾֺͰ֮ɫ
ľ񽫽ƮӵĲӣ㱰޳ܣߣȻݺľˣԼ޸㣬ɵĴô
ƮɫòһжȨ֮ƣο쳽ûҲݺ쳽ʱҲ͵Ϯ쳽£߻һɱ쳽Ϊ˾ô»һ˿Ҳ֣ɣ
ľҧгݣ㺦ľˣ㻹˵ôûʣЮңõһԸַˣνͣ˹һôͣ
ƮӵʥŮˣʥصˣϣ֮ǱԵĿģĹھֻһˣҲ˵ǧһϣֻ֮߳ˣ磬棬ôѵд𣿲ɱЩǿߣʣܳΪһܻ߳ȥҲɱǣǻҪɱҵģʽϣ֮֮ˣĸ˲ھ
ľĬƮӵȷ˵û˱ǵˣڵˣ϶Ҫ뾡һа취ȥɱ
ǣÿ˶ھ㲻ˣˣôھ
ļ̌ͷַСѩ˹Īƺӡ
ַСѩѾ˹Ϊ鷢쳣ٲ°еĵ˻롣
ַݺݵĵƮӣΪɽһӣΪĵһˣȻˣǶɽ裬裡˸㾹ȻȾҲµûߴҲıԸĶǶߣ
ڶϻţǶ˲أɽһĶƮӣҲµûĻⶾ㰲µİɣԤıڶϻŷǶߣ
ߣ쳽㾹Ȼݺ쳽쳽һ֮ˣ˵ö֮˵û棬˴ڣֻΪɽĻΪǶĻ
˵ģò
˵ĿⶼĿƮӣÿ˶Ʈ
죬ңƮĿķȻֱ죬ɼ˵Ĺϵͬһ㣡
ЦƮӣֻǺϵ໥öѣĿǰ㣬һôûУ
죬㡭
˵ûַСѩѣطսһΣſأйƮӡ
ַȳĵƮӣ㿴ûνŶӣνĻ飡νѣغ֮ʱԼԼȫ˻Ŵսɽһǵһܵģͽ˹ΪԼϧɱԼĶѣѵ˵ġ桯
ţַĻֵһ·໥չˣκΣնἫȣκһˣҲ벻Ϊֵͬģǲߵһֵһ˶ûǲǵֵǰ£ֵȴԼϲȹȥ
һʲô˵ʲô⻰˵ĵسȷˣһ·ֵ˾ѡ벻ߵӺĪˣֵ̧Ŵˣ
ַͺΣգӺĪ֪޼£ҲҪֵվһ𣡾ҲҪֵһ
һģһ
ƮӸоһɹɺĵףæధ󣬡ǲҪɱң֪ˣǷŹҰɣֻҪҲʲôԸ⣡
˲мƲ죬ҡͷνɵƮӣһƯ֮⣬һǴ
Ʈ仰ֱɥʧһߵϣû˸񣬿Ա޳ܣ϶ʧȥˡ
ַаЦţðҲɱҲУѹ·裬ұ֤㡣
Ʈӵɫһ±ɷף󱳶Ƕĺˮ
ڳֱȻû뵽ַôһСƮһڶǱǰ裿ɱܡ
˭Ҳû뵽ƮһҪַ磬˻棿
ֱԵĸ
ַͷֻҪұ֤ɱ㣡ҷģ
ƮӴӵȻޱĿ½
˶û뵽Ʈӻ޳ֵܵزʱ˳ȥɽк㣿
ƮӾȻΪԼ˲Ŀ֮£
ַתͷľ֣ѵ뿴裿
ʵǱˣŴԭء
ľֱץذף񺮹䣬ƮӵŴ˽ȥ
㡭˵ɱҵģ㻹һı޳ܣ
ַЦ˵ɱ㣬û˵˲ɱұ޳ܣҴԼֵܣԼսѣֻԵ˺Щ˱޳ܣ
ƮӲĵĵȥɢû뿴һۡ
Ҷַһ仰ĺܾ䣬˿Ա޳ܣǶԵ˱޳ܣһֶΣԼ˱޳ܣǾûˡ
Ʈַ֮ĿƲ졣
ַ粢ûмսţ͵һ˶ԸȫӦȻ·磬Ƕʱڲʲô¡
ҶΪеţһʵĶҲǳף˿̣һͶս죬ҲǶ˵һĥս
ĻᲢ࣬ٲʲôµ£ַ粻֣Ҳ֡
ںߣһֱѹģѾˣͬΪħô½ŴţҪɱˣһʱẮҲ
οս˫ʵȥԿˣ˭ҲûصĴк;С
ҪǣľĪƺ˼ϢָƣַСѩΪ˻
ַðм˫۾ֵַԭ
ҪеˣںСѩֶԸӵĻеĵһֶԸ˵ֵܣ
ַ絭ĵ֪
ַ֪ʶܴﵽ̶ֳȡ
Ѿ·磬ҺСѩѾԭΪʲôӻߣҪսҺСѩ֣һǳ֣еĵͻֶԸĪƺӣԣҲ֣
˼ַжΪ͡
ַԽڰеˣ޷Ǿɽһͽ˹˼ˣЩˣ˻ˡڲǿսץסǵǣǣµľҺСѩ
ûǵ˲˶ԸǣԺûлᣡµľСѩ֪Сѩ޷ʹãǾսˡ
ַ뵽飬ң͵˾սмְգ˵˵ָս
ַ߸ˣַϼϵһľСѩ˸ˡԷŶӣӡ˹ˡɽһҲǰ˸ˡ
ְ֮ɡ
壿ַ粻⣬һ˾ͿѹĴӣô֣֮
ڵзûһǵؼ;УսҶþУߣĪƺ˵طѾ꣬ųˡ԰ˣ˵嶼˵ˣҵʶ̽ǵΪˣɽһѶԸ죬˹ˣ֮ǵۺսԷսҲûжԷǿ
ַһͷˮַ粢ģ
еĵ˿ַСѩ֣ļǣǶԷԼˡ˫˶ˣеҲȥ
һҲٴȥȥҲûʲô壬ֻķѹѣĴʱֲãħսûй˭Ҳã
ַķȵַ磬ϿһսΣ
ַãסְɣ㲻Ҹأ
սе˫ȥ֮ܿ룬Ҷֹͣս
ԶԶĵַ磬û뵽ѱĺĪ磬ϣ㲻ҪħսʱϿȣҪ㹫ƽһսɸң
ҲףԼɫջ󺮱ĪˣΪԼãܾеġ⡯ô붼벻ףַֻһССߴɵˣΪλúĪͷ۷
ԣһɱľַ磡
ַǳѵĵʱ̣
˳ȥַ˼ǰַڵǸɽ˵˼ˡ
ַҪ˵ȫָ֮·
ľأǻָ죬һ͵ڻҩ
ľָĺܿ죬ʱѾԭԭ֮ľҵ˺
֮ľǳֵĶźЩܡ
кɣǰ𣿡
ƺ˺ܴӭľһϤĸо˺ĵס
飬񣬴һԻһ档
ôľﶼԼҪҵǸˣ
ĵҸоľСҴСʶһλѡ
ôľ椵ķ͹ʱˣʲô˼ݹ飡
ȫڳĺľתȥ
Ҫ쳣ƣСʱľźĸ첲
磬Ҽ޸
磬㲻Ҫңֻܺһ棬ͱСһ桭
磬ȥҼңóԵĿ
Կ϶ľԼҪҵǸ÷ŮӣǺȻľѾǵú
Ҳף˱ˣСʱϡɼָû䣡ô벻𺮱ˣ
ѵô


187 ˺ŭ
ʱѹ˵ƶȫָȻһжľĹ͡
ľｫм䣬Χľ߶еڿٵĻָЩû˵ˣԡڴ֮С
ַоǳľȻ޷ͽȵġ
Ȼľô󷽣СèʨӴ󿪿ڣյ
֮ڵȡ֮֮һ㣬ƾСèôգɢôŨ
ýĻ˵ҺСèͣһҲ꣡
˵ûСèڵľ粻ѣǾŽںһȫʢʱڵĽ飬ʮġ
ϣɽ֮׼ͻΧһء
Ͽȵʱֻʣ°ʱ䣬Ҳ֮ڣͨħս
еħ޶ͨϿȵ֮ͨϣ
ҪȥϿȣͱԲĸ߽ħޣҪЩħޣֻ·һ
ַ˲֪˺ôȥģʶҲ̽ΧĶû˵κϢ
ַ粻˻죡
ôֻһܣѾ뵽˰취Ѿͨħս
ַ˿˼λ飬ûõİ취ȥԿЩħޡҪ˵Ƶħޣ߽׵ħЩ˶޷ֿ
ϣ֮ǧûгֹ
ϣ֮ǵĳһĻҲǳĲ죡
ֻۣһܣǡ޳
ħڶ࣬ħ޶УЩǿħҲԼĵַ̣Щħ޾Ȼۼһûзκεĳͻ
е˵һħޣеħ޺޳
˼Ѿ֮⣬˭
ǳĵ̣ʶһڡ
ᶴڣһɰİɫСèź˯
ͺͺģһӶûУ
ͻȻȻŭ浱͸ǬˡǬǬһֱǬ֮С
ǧ꿪ǧǧ죡ɳ컯֮ʳ̥֮ǣ꣬Ϊ֮壻֮˷֮컯ϴͨΪǿߣ
ֻܹоſţûһų죡뽫߻һΪϣ֮ǹھĽȣſȫûˣ
ƨ룬֪Сèˣ
ᶴ֮ǳأΧĴǸ߽ħޣ½ǿҲܿԳ˸Ͳ˻͵
Ǳ͵ˣҲֻ˵Ǹ֮ţ
ڣȴһСèȫˡǸˣ
˺ܲŭ
ۣ϶СèɢϢ
ҪɱСǺηʥ㶼Ҫ
˷ŭԽԽԽԽŭʶٽڱ߱Ե
ʶһѾСèǰ
һõŮǻеŮĲʵ޿ޡ
Ů˫Ŀ֮ðŻ棬ڴСè
˯֮еСèоΣգͻȻ͵һ˫ۣǰŮգĴ۾ίӡ
СèԻɰı飬ԶκŮɱ
Ȼǧ꣬ŮԴδı䣡
ÿɰŶ
ŮǬ飬ϣ֮ǵĳ
˽뿴Сè֮ʱȻʶŭȫޣֻʣµİ֮ġ
Ůӣ뱧СèϸָһӰ˵ƴСèƤëϻ
ŮǣԼֻһ飬һˣ
ȻΪϣ֮ǵˣһһľκﶼŮУȴֻܿ
Ůһ̾Ϣ
Сèôô죿ż䣬ŮͻȻˣСèַ绳бǸСè𣿣
ѵַѡǸˣѵССҵ
ֻŮܽҿеɻ
Ǭռǧ꣬ԴӸ˵ʧȥϵһֱڿѰһλˡ
Եɺ֮£ʥصʥ˵õǬҲ޷շǬҪ֮£ϣ֮ǬԼѡԵˣֻҪǸͨеĿУǬˣ
ǧûһͨеĿУЩǿǣһأ
ϣ֮ǵǲֵģʲôѵҪɱֻɰС
֮룡ԭ롭
һ룬롭
ŮԽԽȣһ֮̽£Ů𾪵°ֱӵˡ
һ룬ŮҲɱֻӦɱͻǴΪԽ֮ˣǴԽŮɲ֮Ӻ
ַ絽ʲôˣȻշһֻ룿޾ԨھŲ㣬Ȼͨ飡治Ϊ˿صˡ
ţַǡǬصǸˣǬŻθַ磡
жַԽԽߣ
˴˿֪ǸַϹģ϶ַж˿飡
Ȼ˿еˣշ룬ҵһأɲί㡭
ŮõӰʧСèͷһͷԵ˯
ַ˼ɽͷûսƻʲôƻ·һ
ַźСèϵСèûκλӦýСèϵСèҲᣡ
ַղѣ
ʶһʱɨ·ߣȷֻôһ·ſԵϿȡ
˵ӺҲûйȥ
˫ļ٣ûа취ڵȣ
ʱֹ죬СèϵϣַЩżˣ뵽Ͽȵʱֻʣ죡
飬޹ɽ֮µħޣħޣȫû
ħ޶ǳİЩ߽ħ޸оɽˣҲ
ħҲڵȣڵǵڵȴСè˯ѣ
Ǵ˿̵СèǴź࡭
ʶһֱעҲ뿴Щ˵ôͨѹأ
˶޷ͨôЩ˶ʧܶգ˻ĽЩĨɱ
۵СèģֻҪСèǻᰲȻĹȥСè˯̫ˣͲΨһİ취Ӳ˵ĻСèһѣʱǾͿԹȥˡ
ûа취֮еİ취ַСè֮ԼϵֻҪַ£СèڵһʱӦ
񵱳̫ԭأַսţַش֮ʱСèַ硣
磬ǵô죿
磬취ɡ
磬ĿǰǸ޷ԿЩħޣ˿϶ҲûйȥҪȺǺȹһء
磬ǹȥһأ᲻ᶼ

ַ֪ϴʹˣˣʲô鶼ϴȥţַ类ֵʵͷˡ
ַ֮£ðһ֣ȣ
ȣ˲⡣
Ȼӵ˶ǶûйȥǼʲôȿô
ַ룬ӺŪĶȻСèԼͲԷȥܸ˾Сèˡ
ַҲħսʱͿԵϿȣԣ˻ʱ䡣
ûа취ֻܸɵȣȥÿжǡ
ӺҲڵȣڵַôȹһأ
ַ˵ȲˣҲȲˣ
죬ӣħô½챦ռҾͲûа취ЩħȺ
쵭ЦţҵȷûСħħô࣬Ҫʱ̣ǾͲҪ˽˰ɣ
ռħУûй̶ص㣬ôȥʹã˵ˣһЩͼĿռħᣬ;Ҳǳ̣ҿԸã㲻һ´͵ħȺȥ
⼸˶һֱ۲ݣûһ׷ܽ⣡
ɽһʱӽ£ǲҪˣ˼˼ô֪Ƕа취ֻǲԸóôðˣʵǣԼһ˿ʹѪݣӵص״Ƭˣ
ɽһˣȫȼһֲֿѪƺռһ±Ⱦ죬һ˲䣬ռֱɽһͬĽʧ
ɽһе뷨˵һ㶼û˶а취ȥͱͬõĻɷǳ˺ԣǼһֱģԸԼȥߣ
ڣɽһ˴ҵ뷨Ҳװˡ
Ҳ߰ɡ
Ļ䣬Ӹһҩ
ҩڼܣܿ죬˵忪ʼٵıϵ·˲䱻ű
˱׶ߵĹ
ε
Ѫڣ⻯εֻţħô½嶾ʦԣˡ
ͽ˹˱뿪ҪûҪأ˼ҾͶˣ
ֻţ˼Ҳʲô취
ħ޵˿ɽ³ȥܿûħȺ֮Уɽħޣûĸħȥעǡħޡ
ַҲ㣬æʽ飬Ƴε𣿡
԰ܼ򵥡
㻹Ͻ
ûô
ַ㱻ҭѪ
ôַͨߵ˶Щ
ӵһΪӦҲͨҵطѾˣڸȫÿλΪˡ
ҵûҵ޵ٶȣɽ壬ҲӦû⡣
˵ĶǷϻô
ľĵҵھŲȫĻЩħҶָͷȫɱˣ
СѩʱľãҶ鼱ѡת˵ҿȥԡ
㣿ַ翴Сѩ֪Ҫʲô
ַҲСѩǴ֮ĸʥŮӦа취
СѩΪһ˻ΪߣȥûģҪǳΪŮ洣룬񣡡

ַͻȻʲôŮﲻ˵ӵӡܲܡ
ʲôӡ㶮ô֮
ַֹСѩˣǲҪˣȿͽ˹ôǹȥ֮а취

ͽ˹˿˶ˣŸԴӻóһơ
еһɫƣ֮ɢһӺͺڰϢ˹һɫƣ֮ɢʥׯϵϢ
ͬʱƾУżɬ
漴֮ϵĿʼˮеһζţЩӵĿʼƣ汻ӡ˲䱬һһ˿С
ʥ
˾
ⲻһʥǴڰϹʥ
˶ʶַͲʶֳΨһûоȵ˾ַˡ
ַʶϲµսǱҿģû뵽ϼһƻ˼䣬£ֻ֮ϼһϢѡ
ַоޱȣϢֻϢôǿ󣿡
Ͽ֮ҪСͽ˹ˣĵƣ
ͽ˹˸˻һħͷ˻𣬶ԹԵĴԭأѡ
һһͷչ߷ɣڰ׹ߣܿʧǵ֮С


188 ˣҪȥ
ַ翴ŵ˶ԶȥЩơ
Ϊʲô˶طͨħսΪʲôߵ˾ûطأ
ѵֵǶ˽ܰɣ
ֻСѩΪ˿Թȥ˸ȥСѩᶪˣԼһ˹ȥһ˹ȥ԰˸ˣСѩһ
Ҫߣֻһߣ
ַӵӡǣҲӵѪǲܻΪַ粻ұ֤ԼͷѪϢͿԱ֤˹ȥ
Сèɡַźĸо
ʵⲻܹСèСèôҪģСèֻһ;Ǿǡ˯
ַ˾˺ԼȥСè
ȥǰ̽·ȵš
磬Һȥ
磬ȥ

ַ˵Ҫȥ̽·Īƺվ˳Ҫַһȥ
ַһж
ַôһİգǾȰɣַһȥ
Сѩʱվ˳СѩʲˣԻΪߣΣʱԿ԰æ
ʵСѩվַҲҪСѩһȥ
ֵǻǲַ磬ĪƵ磬㵽ʲôƻ˵ô
ַ翴ֵǽĪƵļ΢ЦİɣֵǣҴûаյ£ҵĺϢ
ַһε񣬶תɽȥСѩ
ַСѩȥֵǶ͵͵ĸַ󣬱һİȫ롣
нʶڣӲַķۡ
ֵַ֪ǲԼ
ַȻתͷһƬֵֵǣǱˣҺСѩ˾͹ˣǸӰҵļƻң
ֵԣֹס˽Ų
ľ￴Щֵǵĸ飬۾Щʪ
Ϊţôֵ꣬߳ܵ˲Լֵܵˣһ˶ûУеĸ鶼ǽ֮ϣ
ǣϣ֮֮ã챻ֵַܸȾĸֵ֮ܵ飡
һ˿ЩΣʼַʶʱ򣬸ͲмַΪ飬ھԼַΪ飡
˶ַСѩħȺķ˹ȥ
·ϣСѩĵַ磬㵽ʲôƻΪʲô˵
ַҲһգЩַܣַ粻ԸκˣСèй¶ȥĻַϣ֮ǣԻ죡
ǽԭ
һ˵ַޣûţϣ֮ˣһи߸ϵݺ͵λʱСĴ˳ȥЩʿǿ߻ַȲġ
Ҫķǳѡ
ֻΣգͨԼСèſԸܵŻǰȣٿ϶ɡ
ַ翴Զħ޺ޣַͷƤһ顣
ԼЩħŰİַоһץ
Ҫôַʽ顣
鵭ĵʲô˵ģҵǰˣԼԼ֣Ǳֻͨػʹ࣡ͱħļ£ûµģ͸Ƶġ
ַŭĵֲ㡭
ַ룬СèһҪʮ£ԣһһ˯ʮµģ꣡
ַ۲һԼħޣ׵Ľħ൱Ĵڸ֣һĻַ粢£Զͷħ
ħӲӵƬ⣬׶ߵӴȱӻҪʵ
Сѩʣַ磬ĵʲô
Сѩȥֻħ
ʲôСѩԼĶ䣬ַ磬㵽ˣʲôϷ
ַεĵҵħһֱ룬㵱䵱֮ʱǼģȺޣ޳ĳΪڵǣҲ֪ҵֻΣ֮ʱŻ֣ԣұԷ
СѩзǳԾֲַ粻ֵǵԭԭˡ
ַޣ˻֮󣬵εεĺСѩ衣ַ磺ְ֡
뵽ΣСѩһ졭
ַļƻǳΣգСѩҲףҲΨһĳ·
ħǽжϵı׼
ħԿԽַˣһʱ˲ַټСѩһЭûʲô⡣
СѩһҧΡ
һʮɵľַǰ
ֱַһСѩı壿
ọ̈̄Ƥ˸һĹ󣬸˵ĸоǳ͡
ַţ˿̻ΪߵСѩһ̵һֻţ
ôַ磬²£СѩѪַ磬еĿˮεζ䣬ʴ˵һƬ
綾
ַæһߡ
ٺ٣ʲôԺǳΪԺͻٶֵġ
ޣַ翴ž޴ͷɫһƬɷףֱӶ·ˡ
СѩҲǽŻΪ߲˵ĻεСѩͲ˼˵ֱ׵Ļ
ַ㵵ı飬СѩĵŮһ岻ͬ壬ǻΪ֮ûʲôԣ㲻ðɡ
㣬ҰɣҲɣ
СѩˣҪûǰֻ޺ǺǸ˯Ľޣֻ
Сѩ쳤޴ͷ­ַ˵ͷï֮ܵԶεȥ
Сѩսӽ޵ķΧΧֻ޾ͷСѩһ·ľ֮󣬲ûᡣ
Ȼ·ģٵĴֻԱι֮ͻȻ֮Ȼͷһڶֻޣһֱ˯ĽҲڡ
ֻ޲ûз⼸еħ޶ȴ޳ڼ䣬еħ޶ԹԵģҶִ޳
޸벻ͻȻ׵Ϯǣ
Сѩֻ綾֮󣬵ͷ
綾˽޵ȫ޽ɫƬðһỊ̇һ˲ʱ䣬ֻɫĽޱֻġڼޡ
һֻ˯ĽޣûκεķƬȫظʴһҵĽ֮Уֻ޴ӵϷСѩķ׷ȥ
СѩǰǰУں׷ᡣ
ȺҲһЩɧǿֻһֻ֮ʱ
ޣɱһֻ׾֮£ԣĽ޲ûԮ֡
ߵٶȣǳĿ죬ֻ޵ٶҲСѩٶǵȼĲ졣
СѩַȦ
ַ翴ޣһЩ£ޱСѩ͵Ϯ޵ıŭ֮У
ɱ򣡡
ַһʱ俪ɱ

ԪڵĻַҲ

ӵһַΪ͵һΣַоһõű˲򿪣ַͷϳһɫΧɢɭİɫ档
ǰַڶԸʳʱ򣬻ûоͻɱ򣬻ʦӡֱӵΪ
ַо֮󣬴ûڻ֮ϵΣַһʩչӣû뵽ôǿֱӳ
ôʦӡᵽʲôأӸַӡڻʣȻʱ򣬲ʱ
ǽ
ַԥʹǽڶԸֻ׵ħޣַ缸еľУ
ħ൱ڵսַû뵽ԼΪᵽһ㣬Ҳû뵽
ǽһ߽ˮһǳɣǿĸоַг죬
ǰַ̰ǹһһε̰ǹ¼߽ͬ
ַоԼԼԼĸһǰʦӡȫͬ
ϸ޷⣡
޻ûг嵽ַǰʮ֮ĵطͱһĽĻʬ
ɽֵҲһĻ˭Ҳû뵽ôֵǲǣַɱޣԻн޵ı
ַҲȻҲû뵽Լ֮Ծڣͻû뵽ǣǽܽɱ
һַû뵽û뵽
ַ籾Сѩֻޣֻ޽ַˣСèǴ˿̣ȴеĽޣ

Զ׿⣬н˻Լͬ龹Ȼһɱ޳֮ʱһ̵ɱ
ת֮䣬ٸַķ񱼶
Ž޵ĳԶеħ޶Щ߽ħ֪֮ﵷ޳
ܿ죬˷ħǵذַӿ˹
Ҳ
顭
˿̵ַֻܿȥΣ
εĵҸҲûã·һ
ҿ飬⣬취
ûκΰ취ϣСèܸϵü
ַɫһƬңСѩоħ޵Ϣ޴ѹСѩ
ܿǰʮֻѾַĹΧַӭȥɱ䣡
СѩʱֻΪˣܲĸַ棬ħȺ˹ȥ
ַÿһɨʮޱһƬ⡣ַƲɵ
Сѩʯÿһȥʮħɥ
˶ǰħ޶Щ֮µħޣȻסƴһĹ
ɽֵǿַСѩħȺƵħްΧȫˡ
ѵǴİ취
ֵǣվȴԹۣ尡
Ӵš
ľֱӸһȥˣҲΪǵĴôôԼħȺȥô硣
ľôһ˵ǰһȻǣֻܵȣ
ַСѩʼʱƲɵŸ߽ħ޵ļ룬ܿ·磬һӵʱ䣬ʮζǿħɳһɣˡ
糱ˮһħޣʹҲûʱ䣡
ַˣѾشСèûг֣
ѵҪҵôҪһ̣СèŻô
ַСѩսħ˲أڣʮħ޴ӿз
ӥ
ַСѩʱоѹʮħ޸ܿģ
ŵ죡
̰ǹ£

ַеľħ޵Ⱥ֮ԵöôֻʱЩǵƤë˲
˷;ַܿ;ġ

ַһݵĴϢʱӥץסٶַ֮羪̾
ַ翹ЫޣӥĹѾˡ
ʱַоһϢĵ׷漴˱ᡣ
漴֪ʱѾַ࣬һ˫޴ĻצѾһȼյĻַؿڡ
һڿռ𵴣ַ屻˸߿գһϢдַ
ַ廹ûдӿ£ӥѾַԱߣצֱַĶͷ
䣡
ӥַһ֮ʱСѩ˲仯Ϊߣȫ˼Χħ޵Ĺβ֮ϴӥľצײһ
ӥɣСѩͬʱʮħΧ
ַصڵϣ˿̵ַѾʣ°ˡ
ַоʶЩģַн;ַͻˡ
顣Ϊʲôһֱһָ
ôصˣҰָˣҿɲҵԺ֮;Զͣĳλ޷ߣĻһҸˡ
ַ类ֱ³һѪ
˵ȷʵ˵Ĳʱ
ַҲ֪һֱĬĬİԼҪȻԼѾһʬˡ
СѩӴ彫ַסκħ޹Сѩܿǧٿףˣ
СѩӴͬʱҪܼʮħ޵ĹȻ˵СѩķǳߣЩСѩҲֿ
ÿһγʮԹʹֱСѩСѩȴûкһĬĬĽַ籣
ַ磬ˣҪȥδͿˣ
Сѩ߲֮֮âʢת֮䣬СѩٴλΣһβ֮


189 ƽ
ַ磬䵱ȹһһˡ
˿̵СѩѾСѩѾ޷ֱΣ޷ΣԻ˰ˡ
СѩΣַ磬зǳѹ߷Ųʯַ磬άֲ˶á
ħ޿ΪСѩ֮󣬶׷סȫֹͣ˹
ֻסƬ̣ܿСѩַΧ
˵ģСѩΪ̫ͣҪȫﵽѹ޵ϢҪȵȫʯ֮ſԣһѪѹơ
Ҳģַ粻֪Сѩıڻ
ַ罫СѩסҲҪСѩǰ棡
һŮݼַǰַ粻뿴ڶŮԼǰ
˿̵ַ羭Ϣ쳣ң˽鱣֮⣬ܵشСѩַΪأ
ַŬԼѣʹʦԼӡ
ַ֪ʹʦԼӡҲһ
ַѡս
̾һû뵽һ
ַ磬㿪ʦķӡǿи壡ɱƬײ
鲻Ϊַ籣ĺַΪˣ߻ħ飡
ֻҪַţϣַ
ħУܵػַôˣô콵һЦ
ַͽľ֮ʱͻȻһŭصʣһ̣еħ޶ֹͣ˶ַİΧ͹̧ͷʡ
ַԺóⲻСϻ
˷ŭ
ϣ
˲ɵֿ
֮һͷʮ׵Ļƽӿиħ޺ȫͷ
ƽϡ
ƽַͣСѩʮ׵ĸ߿֮Уɫ˫Ŀһַ硣
ƽַգգ۾еħȺһŭ

ƽľ޺֮£ռΪ֮
ħȫȫĴɢ
ѹƽҲûдѪϡеƷ֣ȫһͷͨﵽڵĸ߶ȣȻӵǻۣûдѪ޷޷ΪˡҲʮңǿϧˡ
ƽ֮֮ʣһħޣ
ַô㲻ѵƽСèԼΧģ
ַ粻֮ʱƽĺϣһɫӰַķ

СַͣĽ£˳ͷ­ַǰǵĲš
ַ˸սϣ֮ǣڳɽȵֻС𣿣
ʱֻС׷ɱСôַͷħʦСħСַҲһ𹥻
ַڻ⹥֮ʱСߣ˵óѣ
˿ַ̣벻СȻַ˵ˣû뵽ǣСȻֻƽްеĹϵ
һ̫ɺˣ
飬ŽƷַ翪ʼɪˡ
ΪƷôãΪħУԿΪкõƷôƶСèģĴڣűΣʱ̷׻ΪƷôʱ׷ɱССоϢǲ߷룬׷ɱССķǲô
ʱ޿ַ̲磬ַϸϸһ룬ˣ
ʱ׷ɱСôɣСΪʲôַ缸ԣСèϢ
ôΣҲСèԼַ籾СèأҵСèúõĽѵСèһأͷ
ַСͷĸţַоСǳܵı۾ڸԼʲô
ɽֵǼħȺȥɽַϣС֮󣬼ֵܶŴ͡
ʱСյĻƽ໽˼ƽն䣬֮ǰ
ƽ˰צӣʾϵԼıϡ
ϵƽϣƽչ߷ɣɽһȥ
ҿеϿȵķ򣬿ƽ֪˵Ŀĵء
ַûСèֻͨԼСèһЩϢСèȻܸӦַķ
ڰеĳ̾һĵ⡭
ƽĸСʱֱ˵Ͽȡ
˵ĿĵأƽСҪȥַ纰ס˻ƽ
ַ绺ߵƽͷ£Ȼý߷ڵ
һɲɣضֳϵϢַɢȻϢܵǲԶ˶оĵ
ÿ˶üͷ壬˼
ϹϢһƵĽַüķƽüȥ
ƽһ㶣ޱ𾪣æַϢԼѪ֮С
ֻ˲ʱ䣬ǻƽףõ˶ĺô
ƽֻССֻǱǬ׽̻ģǬ˸ͲһֻС
СڻԵɺ֮ʳǬ˷ŽǬ̽漴С鶴ǬҲû£ʱǬǬŵı̫ˣУһͲʲô
ǣֻСϵĳɳǿ󣡽ģǬԽԽԳһ磬Сɳǿħ޺޵ʬ֮һ·˹
ճ
꣬ûдѪ޷Ҳ޷ͻƣҲ˵һ죬
ڣǰྐྵȻԼһ˿ϢȻֻһСϢǱԼȫպ֮󣬾𽥵ϢԼѪϣջıԼѪ
Ǿǽ
ƽܵϢǿҲֻܸܵϵѪϢ
ַֻǷֻһýĻ˵ڷ֮һ
Ǿڷ֮һûƽо𣬸֪ôȥлַ磡
ƽ쳣ļƲסԼȫѣ˫֮г޵ĸмַ硣
ַԻƽҺСѩְĿĵأӦõģ㲻øлҡ
ôص߸ͲᲢۣ
õ˴һǾͿԽΪˣõʮٱӳôĺͬ죡ƽܲлô
ƽ룬˷ǳѵľ˺󼸲ȫɢһϵơ
֮󣬾޴һţһȭͷСĻɫ˳ڿռ仯һߣַ硣
ڵ
ƽڵ
Ե꣬ʳڵʮǧ̫ˡ
ַŭǻƽıԪóˣʲôأҪʲôڼֵ
ٺ١
޳ַûа취
ַ籾£ǿŻƽַû˵ʲôֱý齫ƽڵ
һڵ֮ɢַתоȫܿ챻ع鵤Եûκγͻ
ڵôеǳʵǿԺʱˣͽЩɡ
鿪ʼ˵ǵʱ򣬱ڵ֮ڵһˣһ䣬԰ܵ
룬һǳͨСôЩǿһһ϶λã
԰֧ܵһֱǰ
ַϵԶ˶ǳ𺧡
ַҶ֪ģַ֪绹˻ҲΪַţ˫ûʲô⣬ҲڣǴ˿ַ̣£Ĳˣ
ʵ˲ûУǿʼ֮ʱֻѡһΪֲͬԲһ˵ƽ⣡ƽ⣡ȵΪԽˡʡ֮󣬾Ϳʱ°빦ʾʵǿƣ
ʡռ߾ǿߣԣҪͬʱԣҪﵽռĶ״̬
ԣַǸ绹ʮǧǴ˿̵ַ羡Ȼͬʱʹ֣
ͻȻַƿһֺڰںħȺս֮ʱַʹõǻȻһֺڰַΪֱӴԪתﵽˡľ磡
ԽԽľ𾪵ľˡ
һﻹʲôУ
û֪оľˮͬʱ
ƽȻʧȥڵǧ֮ڱһڵµڵͿ԰ַϢںϽȥӶﵽ
ƽСȥַ֮Сѩˣ˻
ϿһȣҲȡ
Ͽ֮ڳ˹ͺͺɽʯʲôûС
һ粻ʱӭз
磬꣡
ĵص㣬Ҳϣ֮յ㡣
ߵˣǿߣҲǿߵķĹ
жǿߵ󣬾ֻһͿ߳ϣ֮ǣջ
ȴĲֻǿ֮ɱҲǳĿ飡
Ŀ飬ҲѵĿ飡
ͨߣδͨߣ
ô򵥣
û֪ݣ
ַ˻ʱȺ򣬶Ӻɽһûе֮ǰ˶뽫״̬⵽״̬ӭľս
ľ˽ó߷գַСѩ֮»ָķǳ졣
ͷŵǴַյٶҲκθã֮£ǳǿ󣬵ָֻܻˣҲ˲ָǻһЩ


ھħֻҵڣҵڵĻͿơħýĻ˵ֻҪˣһţ֤
ʱȣַ粻òСѩŮ派ѪϵͬʱΪһˡ
ǳСģԼ˵״ʱעţȻַʺܲڽһֱĬĬĹעϴ֮Ѿѱ䡣
Ȼֻڽַʲѡڱ˵УַǡһĴڣ
ʲֻǲַԺһ;ϣϳκεͣ
Сѩ壬ѾΪСѩָΣѾ˺ܴȻоԺ϶ִ⣬ǽҲ޿κΡ
ٴΪСѩָƣСѩ̫ˣεûС
Сѩָ֮󣬰״̬ʧٴλΪˡ
ַ粢ûнСѩԺڵСѩСѩͻΪСѩħ
ַҲǳأнİæƾĵ֮ڸܿ
֮£ַųһԪԪǽĿǰƳõĵҩʴǽľˮԣ仰˵ֻҪԹɵƣ֮󣬾ͻһ֮ԭ
ҩ֮Ϊ
ַָҴﵽ״̬ǽȴ۸һֱԹ
ַý߻ԪôΣʱ̱á
Ŀ࣬⴫˵еҩַôôࣿ
ҶɣַһǲǷĳϹʱǿµıأ


190 սƽ
ħսСè˸ǳԸ۾һ׹СèѾᶴڡ
˳Ŷת£Сèɽ֮䣬ɽƵħޣ۾ɵĴģȻĵƲƲ죬Ƶɽȥ
Сèɽ֮ɽƵħȫĿϻ̳ϿֵĿһ
ƽɵСèǰ˸߸ߵͷ­Сè⡣
ף
СèͻȻоƽַϢһӾıһﲻѡְ֡˰ɣͨԼһӦַû£ֻԼԶĵط
СèͲȺĵħޣһתͻȻ뵽ʲôǴżʵķŭŭһ
ħ޶ŵùڵأҶ˼ҪЩħöТ
Сè֮󣬶ŻƽЦЦԻƽȻʲô֮ϴı顣
ƽϻ̳Ͽ֣ͣĵͷ֮󣬶ħһŭ𣬺֮Ĵɢ
ʱ֮Сè˶ѻɽı棬˷ܵĴ
Щħ޺޶׷ܻȥóԼղصı˽׸Сè
СèЩħޣֱڱɽ֮ϣձ֮еɽһıرСèʱͽϣ
СèԵıģ˯ͻȻַ磬ֺͻƽȻʲô
֮Сè˻ƽĺ󱳣ڻƽıϣܿ˺ࡣ
ʣµħ޺Ŀڴ
еħ޶ͳ޵룡֮ǰѹб֮󣬾ˡ
Сè̫ˣԼȥַ磬ûƽԼǰȥСè˯

ϣһϿȣǻַ˵Ͽգ漴ַһͷɫͽɫ
һͽ˹ˡ
˿ַǳԾ֮ʱַ˻ħս޶һ·ϣ˻ַ˵ܹܲ
Ǵ˿ȴַȴǰϿȣҹ۲ַˣȻûһˣ
ֵӣҲǳŷħ޶
ӵﲢ󣬽ɫͷ׶೤ӥᡢɫо綾Ыβ֮ĽţһӽƷ֡
ħ޾鶼в֣Ȼÿħ޸պʺһ˳ħٶ죡ȫ˿Ƽ죬ͱرǿ
Īƺͺӿ֮ޣͬʱħЫޣ
˲˽⣬ǺĪͬħô½ˣ϶֪ħЫ޵
ħЫħô½ҩƵĲ۸ǳħЫ޺ųƲ֮
ȻսǿڰŸʯ͸ԵĹԵǽ뾧ʯϳɣļ᲻ɴݣûߣ˼ֺһħЫ޵ս൱һս
ħЫħô½ʮӵĽ
ԦħЫַ˶棬ĪƣħЫأ
Īһһɱ֣ϲޣָ߿ƼĲҲķУ쵽ħЫ޵ʱ򣬺ֱӽʦˡ
ĪƵħЫޱȥоˡ
һַ˵Ķֵڶսǿ֣
ͷŵַ磬ȻǶˣǵԼü˰ɡ
ַЩȣһ˼ҲϢôźԼս
ַ絭Цţã֮ս˲ɲ֣
Цã
Ϊַ˵죬ֻҪɱַ磬ضĴңʣµơ
ַͬãֻҪɱ죬ӻͷˣʣµĸΪ
˶Էأ
ħô½Ŵϣ֮֮ǸΪУ˴֣Ҳû뵽Լַϣ
ȫΪĪַΪ켫Ȳˬ챾Ҳˣַ˵ǿֲòô
ַЩεĿҪսԣһõҵޣҵ޲֣Ҳ㽻ֵġ
죬ַ磬أ
ǵַһޡ
ڿУַڵ棡սޣַʲôûУκνǶȥַذɣ
ַһԼޣЩһﲻ֪˯ء
ַʶҸоСèλڿƶСʱ͵
ַ飬᲻ӦˣӦСè˯
Ҳ⣬Сè˯ȷ߷
ַƣѵСèΣ
ַҲףںûħЫ޵ĻַĽɱиħЫޣַǵͬʱִ򣡶ϣַڵ棬ûһƣ
ַ粻ɵӣȻʱ
ַЩεĶҵħҪٻǼһ˯ֲĻһٴ򡣡
˯
ԣһЦĸо
ҵ㣡ҲռַıˡΪʮĴܺɱַ磡
罣˵һ㣬Сʱַ޵ȷˡ
ƽ֮ʱ߶һҶǼħ֮ģ˿ƽûйַ࣬˵ķȥжǳԻ
ѵƽַħޣ
ı˺ˮƽħ޲˵ϣ֮ǵ֮ޣ
ƽַͣ˵ǰ˶˯֮еСè
ַϻƽıСèһ˯̫ˡ
СèèкóԵŶַСè
һˣÿֻҪкóԵģСèԻ
Σƾַ纰ɤӣСèû
һ˾Ÿɽı
ܳԵ𣿣
ַʹקСèĶ䣬Сèɣ
磬ɣ

쿴ַץģ̿סЦַ磬νޣ
һЦĴҲЦ
ɽһͽ˹˶ûЦ
Сè˲ôƽ᲻ԶǧСè
޳ĳ棬ѵֻСèģ
ȻҲ㡣ǹ޼ɵЦģַѾǲݵľ棡
ַǻƽҲս
ǣŭ˻ƽ
ƽ쳰ЦԼ֮룬ŭ
ֱӺ׵ĳżʮ׵Ӵ壬е˹ȥ
󾪣Ͳֻ̻ôߣ˲ԼЦֻСèŭ˻ƽ
ħ޵ͲһĽħֿܵģ
໹࣬ΪԽߣ֮һĲ޷Խĺ蹵
ƽ൱ռĶ֣
ħЫ޵ٶ죬ƽĽצҪ֮ʱħЫ޷ǰУӻƽĸ֮ߡ
ƽһצգĳβֱת˸䣬ݺݵĳħЫޡ
ħЫ޵ٶ죬սĲҲעıˣ
ħЫ޵ķ͹ħ޷ģ
޵кͲֻͬ߸һηΧ֮ڣ
ԳԽԼ̫ǿͲ޵кͲ
ƽһβͽħЫ޺˵档
һ룬ħЫ޼ӵصԶߣ
Ȼͬ˵棬ûˣһĹȫħЫ޳ܡ
ߵķĴӵķ
ĴӸԶһۣԦħЫǰȥ
ĴףǵϴϴˣǾ군ˣ㲻ͿֲĻƽ򣬵Ǵ˿ֻӲͷƤϣ
ǰɱĴָħЫ޹ƽ
ֻֻħ޸֮Сſٵϣ˲һе߶
֮бƽȥ
̻һǵ˿ǿĹϱɫ
ÿһȫĹ
ƽǿĹӲȥǺܿ챻ܼĹˣ
ǵģˣǿĻƽȻϱ˼ѪɫѪҺ˳Ӵ¡
ħЫӵϣ֮һֱûʹãϿһս֮ʱħЫȡʤ
˭Ҳû뵽ǣ˳Ȼϣ֮ǵ
ƽԷƣƽѾ᲻ɴݵĵزǾȻħЫ޵Ĺ֮±ˣ
ƽŭԻƽΪӣӣ
һϣ֮ǵ֮ôĹ֮ߣ
ٴˣҲǰĶӣ
ЩַĵˣַôôзսôǿԼˣ뻹ڳ˯ôַô죿
Իƽߣ
ս
һˣƽһ궼ûˣ죬ȻССССħ޴ˣ
ǻƽԼڵձַ磬ǳħЫ޸˲˻ƽ
ڵħޱĴڣҲԪ֮ƽ꣬ʧȥڵʧȥڵͬʱڵԪ޷ۼս½
˿̵ҲսȦ˴򽫻ƽΧ
ƽŭˣŭˣ
ƽٶȳʣֻħЫ޽׷ᡣ
ȻƽٶȻǿħЫһħЫ֮󣬻ƽȻһת
޴һţһɫ³·ħЫ޸ȥ
Щɫ񲢲ǹħЫ֮ʱֻħЫ޵ٶȶ˲½ҹͻȻʲôǣһ㣬ƵʷǳĻ
ǳȣǸ߽ϵħû뵽һħ޾Ȼѧϰħ
ţ֮һڰӵʱڣնڸǣһ˿Ĺ
æ𣬡ܣǽʯ꣡
˭Ҳû뵽ƽôȽֻħЫƣٸһ
ʯꣿ䣡
Ӵ󾪣
ӣħЫ޵ٶԭʮ֮һûУֻħЫȫħٶţһ㣡
ɽһһˣ
漴ɽһָ߼ʮͷԼ֮߿ճȥ
ͽ˹ҲԦĽ¾˹ȥ
ʯͽ˹ȷϵ䣬ڻƽֻͨ๥ħڽ
ƽԴӳָ֮ӣǬ˾ὫһЩؼǬƽ֮£Ҳѧϰ˼ʺԼħ
ƽʧȥڵ֮ҲʧȥħǿʹħԻƽɷǳ˺޷ħЫޣԣƽһŭ֮£ϧشʹħ
ĸ߿֮Уʯž޴ĴݻħЫ޸˹ȥ
ӣ
ޣ
ͬʱħЫ޵ĺȥȥ߿յʯӴһֻܼħЫޡ
䡭
ֻħЫ޸ͳܲס˾޴Ĺ˲ͱҵķѡ
Ӵӿ£ʯ׷ᣬ̣֮ɽһĽȺֱӭʯ
ʬһ£ôһɽһ˹˺ˣÿһˣԦ¾温ȥ
ɽһͽ˹˸Ծһˣ̫ԶԮһͱʯȺû
մʯȺĹΧ˳ߺȻըǿĳֱӽ˳ɡ
һָֻƽ˵Ŀ⿴ս
ʯ깥ĵطһٶ׷Բľ޿ӣ
ַ಻ѣħ£ַһֱҲħǳ棬Ҳǳַ
ý˵ħ±Ͷ̥
ͲħħʦǳҪħǷǳǿ󣡴ӳھͿԿ似ǿôǿ󣬵ΪԽߣŻչֳ似
˵һӣһɽҲ˲Ϊƽأ


191 
ƽһٻɱֻħЫޣɽһͽ˹˾ˣӶ
ȵ𷽲һս£˷׷ɽһ˵л漴˿˿еĻƽ
˿̵Ļƽûм׷׷ַֹ
ַսַҪԼȥԣƽʹ˽֮ҲϵˣµĻƽҪˣʣµַȥ
ַһķʮ׿ͣ
ַ翴죬ĵӣǵ֮սڸÿʼ˰ɣѾǱߵȺþˡ
ѪԼȻֻˣǷһսѾѪ񶼲
ħЫ޺͡ʡսĻƽսӶģͲһ֮ս
ħЫѹƻƽֻӶԿƽԻᱻƽһ
Ӳ֪ƽѾڵַΪȫʤʱڵĻƽǸ֮ӾħЫޣһսûУ
ַ˿Ҫս޷侮ʯҲʱ
ַ磬һս
˵ɽһ
챾֪ǫ̂ɽһͦΪΧ
ȻɽһΪΧͺַг
ɽһʦɽһ֮ʱɽһһٶζҪϣ֮ɱַ磡
ɽһʦԭ򣬵ɽһֲֻᡣ
̫ԭأַ統ӵֱӽɽһѪĶӣ裬ɽһ϶Լİͽ
ɽһַ֪ʦ޵ӵͽܣЩʦ⡣
Ѿϣ֮һվԣɽһЩȲַ罻֡
ɽһȻ޳ܣƮ¶ߣֺ˺ɽһȴϣȫʢʱڵַһս
Ҫ֪ӵͽܵжǿҪ浱˵ɱַ磡
ַĿתɽһʦɱҵİɣ
ôɽһַ֪ʦ֮䵽ô¡
ַƲƲ죬ʦɽһ򶼲ҵĶ֣̫ԭرˣ֮ززƾ㣿
ɽһŭƾ㣿ַ磬ʦЬ
ɽһͲַĻȻڳ˶š
ַ粢㲻ŵĻȥʦɡûˣΪᱰ޳ܵĵˣҼһɱһɱ˫
ɽһЦɱ˲˵ģһĺܲҵģɣ
ɽһ䣬ɽһ֮еĿռָһ󶶶ϰͷͻȻˮһӿַ˹
Ȼһôôڻƽ¾֮ʱͷųϰͷַųô࡭
ģֻŻΪӲô磬㣡
һȣеĿռָҲһ󶶶ٸ޴Ľ֣Ⱥг˹ȥ
ռָֻܴȴܴĶͻ˹죬Ȼûս
ַ˺ȫشŻ˺ͻĽս
սͣı߽ײ֮
֮ĽսȫǷıҷɣתҷɣȫûκεļɿԣϵͳ̱ͻսᣡ
ɽһŭַ磬Һ㹫ƽһսȴ˰æ޳ܣ
޳ܣŽ޳ܣҷŻ˾޳ˣ
õ˵ģҵԼģɽһдʵı⡣
ַ°ͣ˼Щ֮ǰֵҵģҵĵȻҵˣô
ɽһᣬŭȣϻ˵ַ磬ұɱ㣡
漴ɽһһַֻķȥ
ֻɽһĽԴһЩǾ̶ܳȾʮϣ
սǾˣ
ַһֱˣ϶ҪԶ˺ͽս
սҲȥ
ɽһڿУַڵϣַһ㶼ġ
ΪɽһһʿħʦʿûǿԶ̹ɽһҪַ磬ҲҪ
ַΨһһ㵣ĵǶʿķںΪַżĵӣӷӡַһ㶼ģ
ַĽɽһնɱڴˣ
ɽһϷʰĿַ磬һķ޵һֵַ֣ͬʱԦ߽¡
ʱ
ɣ
ķڷ·ڿжλȻת䣬˷ַȥ
ÿ֮϶о綾
һϡкϽƶɣľ綾ǾžŰһ־綾ɣմ֮
ô㣡ɽһΪַ޷ܣͨı죡зڴɢֻҪ֮ϵľ綾մȾһ㣬ͻὫһɣ
ûַȷͨı죡
ַ֮£еķȫΪС
֮ϵľ綾Ҳĸɸɾ
Ǻö󲹰
ַ
״
˶ΪԼ۾ˣеķھַʮ׷Χȫʧûгֹ
𾪶ɽһԼĹԼǲַ֪ʲôȻеķʧ
ڷڹַԵǼԦŽµɽһ
ҵķڣǾӲҵһ

ɱ

ַ罫еȫӣַĵӳɹַͷһɫڣ

һַ绯ΪΪ֮ʱҶΪַõǷӡطǵַٴ׾ٵĳΪ֮ʱɫ䡣
ڳˣ˶ΪСѩ֮⣬ûһΪĴﵽ磡
СѩŮ洺ˣǧ꣬ʯŵ
Ǵ˿˶оַõ
˿̣ɽһĹѵַͷ˸ĺɫ֮ʱһƬ˰ġ
벻ַ˵Ҫ
֮£ɽһٶĸţһ㣡
ַһľ֮ʹַоΪԽߣľҲԽߣ
ųַǰľɽһ֮һƬâַ粻׶೤ľħ
̰ǹ£
ַԥʹǽ
͡
һʬ
ɽһĽַ翳ΣɽһеĶ˸߿գ˷ֵ滹һðѪֱۣ
ֱַӽʬɽһֱۣ
˶ŵĿһĻ
ֻһУͷɽһһֱۣ
ɽһӿǿסʹùס˿ڡ
ַɽһĻᣬħɽһȥ
ǿĽɽһɽһ޿ɱܡ
һɽһסĻ
ɽһʧֱѷϣûзӦַĹѵɽһûʱȥ
ǿĽĻֱӽɽһڵĶʮ׷Χ֮ȫ֣
ӣҲ޴ȥ
ǵɨɽһ֮ʱɽһһƬѪʧԭء
ǶߵطѪݣ
ͨħս֮ʱɽһϧȼʹùһΣ˿ɽΣղѪݣ
ɽһٴγ֮ʱѾ֮⡣
ĿڴɫҰ׵ɽһַ絭ЦôˣֻԪԲҲʮ磬һоɱһֱۣ˵ҪɱңҵҪôɱң
ɽһֽеܣôһλ
ַ粻ɽһսһʼѹԵĴԷ
ɽһȷܵ˳صĴַ֪ǿǸû뵽ǿ̶ֳȣʦɽһԲַ緽˵Լʦδܣ
ɽһ֪ʱַֻǸ쾳ߣ֪ɽһǱַߵġ
ַ磬һҲҪս㣡
˵ʵڵģɽһȷ͹ַ磬һʼش벻ַһʼе
ַֻһʼʹеΪһ仰˵ɽһǵ֮ǿģ
ǿģַ϶Ҫȥԣ
Ǵ˿̣ɽһָ߹ַ磬ַȫǵӵʮǧ
ַ绹ǵĿɽһսңǿ˭ս˭
ַ˵ɣȴǳ
ɽһȻʧһֱۣδʧȻ˵ǿģ϶кУ
ɽһӵӡʼɢŵѪַɽһٶףоһֲֿѪϢ
鼱ٵַʶ𣬡Щ򣡡

ʲôĻʹļܣ
ż֪ԡ
ַֻƶԸӵƣַ͸ƲˣַΪҲ
ַһܵĽ飡
ַ粻ܸƵĶȴԸƣԷʹõͨоȥת
о߾κƵתȻҲֻһ㣬תɽһǴ´ࡣ
ַͬڶɽһͬ˫ڶ
ܿ죬ַҲ˲ɢǿѪɫϢɽһϵϢȫͬǱɽһҪǿ࣡
ַ磬ɣ
ɽһԼطǶطѪ̣
ǿֲɽһȫɽ˿̵ɽһͷҲ˸һڡѪɫڣ
ʮٶȡȫһӵ
Ѫ֮Ѫ֮һҪȼȥʩչȻ߱ǰҪȼյҪ࣡ɽһȼʮȥʹУ
ɽһ£ֻҪԺΪˣʮʲôʱֲ֪ȼܵǳ΢Ӱ죬ǲӰ죡
Ȼַнڣȼյȫǽַ
ɽһ׼ַ֮ʱַȫҲɢſֲѪַ֮Ҫɽһǿϼ
ַţ̵Σżա
ȷǳۣҪʶɨɽһطҪԼȥתԡ
ħǵ񡱾֮ſģֻзΪſӳħڶ㡰򡱸Ҫʶ֮ſá
ʶΪʶʶʶ׶Σַֻʶ׶Σ
ܣɽһֱӱˣս°Ͷ˵ϡ
Ѫ֮Ϊط֮һǸ߽طֻһŲſԹûһ߽Ѫ֮й¶ȥ
й¶ȥ֮⣬˸޷
ǣǰַȴʹѪ֮
һôȥͣ
ɽһɣַϹŵЦ
ʵɽһѾھս֮ǰɽһ˭˶ߣ
ַ磬ң㵽ʲôˣӺεĶ
ַ룬ȥʦɡԶزȥˣθʦ
ɽһŭѣ˵ʦ˶ߣַ磬Ѫˣ
ûַѪˣֻ޵ɽһ򣬵ȻڳһС˵ȥǾͲַˡ
ʱЩ߶ҵɽһɽһһܴ鷳
ַʦΪʲôɱڣǺô
£ɽһˣҪڽϣ֮֮ǰʦĶҪɱַ磡
ʦͽ
𾴵ʦҵף
ɽһһʹŭģֱһѪ


192  ֮ս
ַ磡
ɽһĨһǵѪҸ㣬ɽһ򲻵ҵʦҵĸף˵ҸǶߵͽ´ȥж߶׷ɱ㣡
ɽһɽһĶӣܶ˶ֻ֪ö͵һһΪڵϵ˲Ųǲ˭Ķӣ
ַ絭ЦţҲ˵ᵺˣһɱһɱһ˫
ɽһŭЪеҧˣݶĵַ磬
ҵҪ˭˭
ַһֱʽЦݣﲻ֮սѾۻһɡ
ƺʲô޺Цݣɽһħ֮Ц
һƬѪƣɽһ˲ʧԭأһ׼ַǰַһط˲ƶһ㣬˷ʤ
ͬģַҲһѪʧԭأ
ɽһַ緽ŵĵص֮ǰٴ֮ʱȴַѾԭء
ɽһͻȻо쬵ģûиоǿҲûо쵽κεΣգֱԼΣգ
Σգ
ǣǳһѾܲ
ַĽ˲䱬ûɽһڣɽһŭһڵĽƳһʧ
ɽһӦ죬Ҫλӹһ١
ԶսĺһȻ
ûַһλɽһѧϰĹ
ĹϢһصʱŻᱬǿ
ɽһӵĿ죬Ѫ֮Ӳ
ٴȷַķλɽһٴʧɽһʧһ룬ַҲͬٴʧ
ɽһոַĹ͵
Ϊʲôɽһȱûа취
Ѫ֮Ѫ֮˲׽˵λãѪݵǰһ֮ٴζΣ
ɽһ׽ַϢַ練׽
ܿʮν棬ɽһֻаķݣӵ죬ûˣ
ɽһˣ
Σַʧһ̣Ѿɽһʮ׷Χ֮ڣϢѾɽһַٶ̫죬ɽһʩչѪݣ
ɽһ¶֮ɫǵַ繥Ҫ֮ʱɽһıɾֱЦ
Ѫɷ
һϢɽһϱ
ǽԼ
˼ǵ
أǿƺһУ
ƻ棬ַĹȻǿ󣬵ԵǶô
ɨҶһ㽫ַĹ
һй˲仯ΪС
ַһôǿ
ַ磬ǶһѪݣڶѪ̣ѪɷѪɷ֮ûֿܵģ꣬
֮
ɽһΪַαɣ
ʹѪݺѪֻ֮ȼѪɷ֮ǳԼ꣡
ˣҲעһӶ޷ﵽ߾磡
ɼַ罫ɽһƵ˺̶ֳȣ
ڳûַ֪кڰԵĹߣ
ħѪ½ϵĵһѪ
ħֳأҲħһСܣ
ħⲻԼô
ַ粢ûܣ
ַǽڶʽŵ쵲ȥǽ鼰ʱַֹ硣
Ǵ֮ﰡʧôһ㣬鶼ÿϧ

ַûǽɡ
ַΪ޷ôǿ
ɽһ֮ʱȴһصϢȫɣ
ɽһַ꣬ȴַ練ɣ
ʱɽһ׻һ㣬𺧣
ս֮ˣٴصܵ
ַ絽ʲô
㻹ʲôʽðɣҵҪʶʶɽһҵӵмͣ
ɽһۡһںѪҡҡ׹
ܴɣһɱַ磬ôɽһûս
ɽһϵѪɷ֮СʱѪ֮֮ʧָܿԭ״̬
ɣ
ַħһãɽһͷ­ּҡ
ַɽһ֣ûӵʱ䣬ɽһնַˣ
һսȫʤ
ɽһַҲʧȥЧãַָ״̬
ܾǸƱ˵ܣԴ֮֮
ַΡΡĿĴеɨȵ˭սң
˿̵ַսⰻȻɽһ֮սƺսһ㣬ڵַǳڴ˽֣
˹˺Ӷ˶ףûַĶ֣طһʹطȺսҪַһټ
طʱһ㶼̣ܶڶʱַˣôҲֻ·һ
˹˺ʮ㣬սǵѾȫݻ٣
ƽȻˣǻпֲսַԱˣһƽ϶ս
ĵľǻƽ
һᣬ֮ͽ˹ͦ
Ŀַ磬ַ磬һսƽսҲϣκ֣
˵֮еɨ˵Ļƽ
ַЦãɷģƽԲ֣
ʱ˹˿СѩСѩС㣬һսɸң
СѩЦкβңҺ޲ýЩȫɱ죡
ʱͽ˹ϹʥСѩܿģƽսҲֻһܣСè˶Ҫ
ַ粻ĵôôĻͽ˹ͶǶˣҪȵڣǻڵĻƽս
ͽ˹Ҳ֪Ϲʥǿǿ϶ûùϹʥ൱ǵһϢǺεȵǿ󣡾ԳԽռǿûСèѹʤ˵ģ
ַСèСèСѩĻ˯һèСѩĳǳͦĲλ˯
죬ս㣡ʱǰ췢ս
첻ַ磬Ժ°ܽһ㲻õģ㺮ĪһϣҲĽնڽ£
ʯɣսĪҲǰʣµӷս
ľһӶûж֣˲ûţǸһӪ
֮սҪսԹô
ľַСѩӪľַ֪СѩĶǿģͽ˹۶ǿǸɱľ֣ľһͽ˹ɺܴǣƣ
һ˺ս
ʽؼ汸͵һɽмƵ⾳Ըò
һսĪһ˶Ըʣµûκ⣡ĪƵطѾõ쵣ĵľУ
ԣŻĪվһ𣬶ڼӣһսӮ
ľǵսַ磬ʲô˼Ų˵˲Զţ
ַƲͣ˲˵ģҺûдӦɣûǴĻֻ˵ƽ֣û˵˲֣֮䱾֮սɱԷܻųȥڹƽҪô
ȣ޳ܣ
ַ絭ȻһЦƽǶôҵġ
Сѩһʱ俪ʼ˲ʯ߲֮Сѩȫǿ֮˸оЩš
ľҲлС
ַҲĵ׼˹˾һ
˹һʿͬʱһʿ׶೤ǹַľħеһȡ
ڽԼħ״̬˸оȻһħʦΪ
һͿԳΪ
˲һɫħȣħ֮Ƕһȭͷİɫʯ
ʯ֮ɢŴϢĵ׸ܵһ崺֮УͬʱɫʯɢĿֲϢη
оⱦʯɢЩϤһʱҲǽǳܿ϶ռ
սĻ
ȷ˹׶೤ħֱָ񷣬һɬп
˲䣬ռ¶ȼߣȵ¶޷Ӧ¶ȾԳ˵ĳܷΧ
ַ˾ɽ֮ʱûиܹŸߵ¶ȣ
ַɱѾʱͬʱĶַı仺޾ĻԪط֮оۼܿ죬ЩԪγ޴Ļ
Ǳ
ϵǱ
ʱ䣬ַ硢СѩľͷѾ𺣣
漴𺣷ۣԷһЩַǵ£
Сѩһʯ˲߷߲ӭȥ
ľҲʾǰһ󴿾ŷַķӿȥ
ԣ˵ķֹȷСѩֵĹľ︺𱣻ַ磡ַ縺ɱ
Сѩ߲֮Ļһ߲֮âײһ
ʩչǽ䣡Сѩǡǿߣ
䣡
˲һıը˶
ӴһŤֲͬڽڣը
ַŲǲıը˿һԾֱ˿У
ַͷھҫַ罫ת£ŭһŵ죡
ַòԥʹǽڶʽŵ죡
ҲǵһַڿʹãһжַжϺͼƻ֮ڣ
ֻҪԽСѩĶԿ㣬ֱӵߣ
ֻҪߣͷ弫ַ磬ֻһ
ַҪΪԼȡ֮䣬һɱ
ַײ㣬ıըַҲᱻըɣ˿ַʹŵʱ
ַ罣һ޴ɫַֽ
ս˿ַ˱ը㣡
ս֮˲ַ絽ʲô
Ԥַ类ըɵĳûг֣ıըֱӱһɫײɢ˷롣
ĽַľŵײһԲȱڣַһ㴩˹ȥ
ַһ̳֮ʱѾ࣡
ʩչ֮ڵϢĿڤ룬ͻȻһΣϢֱ
ַ磡
󾪣ԦŽµɫתͷӡ
ɣ
̰ǹ£
ַħ߽һǳɣķϯȥ
˿̵ħַǿĵˣһʼʱʹý䣬˿̵弫
ΪһħʦԶ̹һ߽ħʦߣôħʦضɥ˿̣һɱҲ׾٣
ĽɫҲһƷ׵װЩַ裡
ַ߽ͬʱýеħΪԼһħܣ
µٶ˹˵ķȥ
ԶĽ˹ҲĴץģ೤ǹ߶ŽӪ
ַʹǽһٽնɱֻʹôһУΪַڿУû֧ŵ㣬ڴһ֮£ַΪһ㹻ɱ
ַǽƿħܵһ˲䣬Ѿ
׶೤ǹޱҫ۵Ĺâַǽײһ
䣡


193 ĵ
˹˵סַ󲿷ֹɫâķȥ
鼱֮µֱӴɫ£ֻŽµӭɫâ
һҵ˻УֱķѣһƬƬѪǽ֮½ʵķ顣
һ٣ʧȥԼ׹ͬʱæʹƯסԼ建档
ĳ˹ֱƷɣ˹ֱһѪµȥһһҽУʧȥһֻĲȣڿоҴ˹˦ȥ
غͽ˹һļ£Ȼַ֪ǿ˭Ҳû뵽ǿ̶ֳȣ
ַ羹ȻܴԽĶײ㣡
սҲޱȣ
ͽ˹˸ոأַ硢Сѩľ˹
˲սһ
ʣ¸Ӫ֮Ҳ׷׺͸ԵĶִ
ľսĻ
ħϵǿŰɫʯɢŴʥ֮ѸٵĻָħʱ䣬ħѾָ
ĳַˣħһʱ䱬
ħֻԵ˵ٶȣܶʵԵ˺
Сѩӵʯľӵַӵгħ
ͽ˹˶սˣעǵı磡
ʧȥ͵ʧȥ֮һΪʿĽ˹ʧȥ˾Ǿ͵ʧȥһ
˹˿ųˣͳһɫƣϵпٵżɬ
øϵħʱַֹ˵ǰ˹ٻʥ
ȷһħţϵϵ͵ϵħʩչмûκͣ͵㣡
ÿħǸ߽ħÿħ󹥻
һħʦô߽ħͬʱʹħһ˥ߣ
ûУħȡ֮֮ߣһжħǶǿŹ飡
ħȻֵֹĽŲܣ
ַ˳嵽ͽ˹ʮ׷Χ֮ʱ˹˵ϡ
շɫ䣬һ׳İɫճ
ʥ
ֹͣ˹ַҲֹס˽Ų
սҲ׷ֹͣս
˸ܵѹ
޷ܵѹ
˷ĵĲʥܻһУ
˱ʥ֮ʱ˿һ˷ǳѣ
Ǻ͵Ϯֵʱ
Ӱһ˶ʮ׿죬ٶȣȻϵĹҲǿһ
Ӱ߱ħ
ڵһʱ䷢˺ĹԺһܲ
Σʱֻ̣ѡؾᡣΪǳ˽⺮һУħô½ͺöΣʹùУ
ˣ
ȫȫӿ£ٶһʮϣȫ¿Ŵ󿪣һûУ
˺һұ֮ϱɨʺѪҺ䣬εζ䡣
˶˵ʲôĿĿŶĺ
ûȺ׷ϣҲûж֡
Ҹ̥
ЦжԸңôǰħô½ҹ˼ûɱ㣬ұɱ㣡
ôѾˣ죡
ȻһԼұ۵˿֮Ѿ˺ɫ
ܿ죬ɫϢӣѸٴұۣ׷ȫ
켫ƶܿһںѪ˳
죬Ѿˣɣ
Ǻħʥĳ⼸֡
ûħʥħô½ɥĺħʥҽҵħЫ޽ʦҪʦҺħʥΪ˶Ը㣡죬㲻˵ǰٶƾôأǻЦţоǺâ
˵ʲô⶯˼£ʲôû˵֮ɫѪҺ
ĵȥҲû
սȷǿҪɱ㺮͵һҲ֮ƽ֣
Ĵûʹóôˣ
öҲɱֵıرս
һʣµӷһǵĵĪƣӳȥ
ͬʱʹطսѸʮϵľ磡
ڣǴڴԲ
ӺĪѾûӵĶ֣
ӷһĪƹȥУĪƾͱɣԶĺסĪƣĪƵһͷһϢ
ţһͷ޴Ҳ˷ڿһ˻缸Ѫ
һն𣬽еľץס޴ĳֱӽһһǳ巭ʮԶ߰˸ʯ
˿̣ӱڴԲսԲӺĪܿģ
ŵҩȫͻȻâʢ˲쭣ֱӵ˴ڣ
һսһ֣·硣
͵һ˹սš
˿̣ڴԲڵĸ֣͵һòͬʱʹԼط
ٶֱӼӳɵʮϣӰѾﵽλεľ磡
һսҲڷ񱬳һͶһԵĵҩЩҩȻʱսǸúܴ󣡵Ǵ˿Ǳѡ
սÿ˶óǿսҲû˲˽
ԺսͶӵ˽⣬ӹսѾĻ
ӶĿ
˿̵Ҳٻ˺ڰʥڿУĿⲻмĿŵµĵˡûƺڵȴͽ˹˵
˶ӱɱͽ˹˲û
ͽ˹Уһַ˱Ѿûκμֵ
ͽ˹˿ĳϢ
ڰ˹ˣһʹƵĻᣬѵҪǵɱǰЩСô
ûü˵ЩϻˣɱЩˣһͽˣҲˣ
ðɣȥɱɣҶЩ಻Ȥ
ʵŲûüشĻֱӱסˣ
ΪڵһԼԼԦǴû뵽ӵǻ۵壡
޷ͣԱߵĽ˹˺һޱȣֻ˵ҶԻݿ񶯶ָͷַܰ
ͽ˹˸û뵽ֻսôǿ˸֪ͷϹʱһƲл꣡Ϊһľѣ
ŭһһϵϣʧȥս
˿̵ַȴûʧȥսַﶫӡǣϢѹֱ֮Զѡ
һɹɽɫϢַȻֱӳ˿еʥ
ľ޴ĻӰȻһһĲ
ֻʥ󾪣ͬľϢ
Ѫôһϣ
Ц಻ǸûоѣǵϢϵ˳ɱһõʱô
ЦûڿԱǰ֮ˣҪöξ𣡡
˭ûע⵽˿̵СèҲŵϢѣ
ϣֱӰ쵽СèϵĴڣ
ȻⲻСèߵģСèߵǣ֪ĶԼ˯
Сè˯ֱСèԵô˯أСèǲˡģ
Сèŭˣ
ǳķŭ
˿ַ̣ߵ˶֪һˡ
ֻĲлܿĴڣ
һսûУ
ַڵһʱоСèѡ
õģСèʰһ´࣬һǴ֮ɲһ꣬꣬滹һЩ
ַĿź˵ڼһںԱͷС׹ȥĻҿǷҪִԲξˣǱֻһƲл꣡ǵıӦûڳ˯Ҳ֪Ǳȱʧôһ㣬ͻΪ𣡡
ͷʥԣһַ˵һ㶼ûͲǰɱĿܣ
ЦԲѣȥ
޾ĺڰӺϱֱַ˵ķȥ
Ͳǵܿģ
ַһЦ˷һԾķȥ
Զַ֪ħһеĺڰߣ
ַȥҪý齫еĺڰɣڰ
ڵ֮˵֮ʣ˿µ޾ڰٵַķȥһ˲䣬еĺڰʧȥһ룡һ룬һƬʲôûз
ô£
ֻͬʱ󾪣ǸоɺڰּܷǳϤ
ֻ֮ͬʱһ֮зѾõħħ
˿̵ַѾ˺ڰǰ
ɣ
˽֮£еĸоַļܣ
ŻַħΣ϶ַħ
Ϊ˿̵ַɵĲǺڰĹ꣡
Сףǡ
ڰû˵꣬Ѿȫգ
һУʱ䣬ַ˺ڰ
ڰ֮Ԯַɺڰ֮ʱҪԮԼǰһֻ룡
룡
ʧ룡
Ȼֻڣǹܵģ
Сèһֱڹ۲սϵı仯ͺͽˣɺСèɰ
ڰҪԮ֮ʱСè֣һĳУڰǰ֮ʱѾ룡
˿̵СèѾ֮
Ȼûг죬̺ӴټСè鶴֮յڵһν˳
˿СèսѾﵽ磡
һνͿԽ磡޵ܣ
ַ˺ڰֳ𾪵ԸӣСèΪٴγǴ飡
˿̵Ĺףַ緽Ƿȷ˵ʵǺ⣡ںѾˣ
ǰ룬ֻһƲлѣ
ԭ룬Ǵ۽磡˶񣬶һ룬ˡ
û˵꣬Сè߲֮Ѿ˹񣬼Ϣ֮ɡ
ȻǽСèֵģ
˵ַһħϢ£ַ߳ϣ֮ǣͻᱻʥص
Уħĵˣǧǰ֮ħ
Сè֣
Сèֻ֮һֻСè䣬Сѩ˲СѩĳͦĲλȻ˯
ַһ
ڰֻʥ׾ٵ𣬴˿̵ͽ˹һң
˭Ҳû뵽ַôǿһܵһֱʥҸû뵽ǣַ޾Ȼһֱ룡
ͽ˹ˡ
ַ磬㲻ɱңһųȥһΪħ᳤ϣһӵжħԵģսۡ
˿̵˵Լ
ַ磬ңһųȥһΪǹĳϣֹؼ㶼Уһϴ̥ͨǣ
ǳˣħĳϣһ֮£֮ϣսۣǴ˵ս˼սۣħ֮еһ
ĳϣħĳϵλһǹزĵط
徭صϴ񣬾ӵѧϰԵʣûгͻֱսٷ֮ʮļӳɣ


194 ΪҪɱ
ַƲͿħ᳤ϣһߣȥħϣûɵɣɵˣħĳǲһħˣ˵ˣսʲôû
ȷû˵ʲôսۣ
Ǵ˻ͳһ˼ˣַ磬Ƕս裡ħ裡
ַ絭ĵôˣǸӣ֮Уսˣ㾹Ȼ£һ¸ң޳ܵıСˣǸӣ
㡭
ֱ˵
ַ֮ת˽˹ˣĳϣûǶˣȥĹҾͲΪͽ˶ͽô˹ˣΪ𣡡
ʱ˹ˣһħţһǹţǿΪɥϣίȫȻ޳ܵĳԼˣţҲ޷ﵽľ磡
ͽ˹ҧгݣΪ˱ûˣ̸ʲôϣ
Ȼ̸ʧܣôֻƴ
ɱ
ħ󣬴߶Źħ˲һΣ
շɫ䣬׼ʹý䣡
֮ʱͻȻһӰ޷ٶȳȻħϵĹ鲻ɡ
һ̣СѩĻУСèһɫһԿԵҧ˼£ôһ̣ʽӣ漴˺࡭
Ŀڴ
ոտʼʩչ䣬õħϹ˿̹ͻȻɡ
ۣ
ȻһѪѪܵصķɣɫҰףҡҡ׹
ֱӱˣһľɣֱӻὫһħʦľݻ٣
˹˱ĽסַˣȻߣǿϣֻӲͷƤַȥ
׶೤ǹ⣬󣬵ַо˹˵Ĺǳǿ
ʿƣȻʧȥ˾ǽ˹˵ϲûм׶೤ǹڸ߿ʹзǳƣڵϣԵЩ׾
ַҲ׶೤ľħڹսܸо˵սǳ֡
ʿǹ׶೤ȫϾȥսַһѽ׶೤˶ǳ⣡
ʿ˫־޽ߵǾ޴·֮⣬ı඼ӯΪַĽӯô
ַ籾һ˹˵ǹûôͽ˹һս
ڽ˹˵ǹַľħײһ̣˹˵ֱˡ
оַĹûԼǿײһʱ򣬽˹˸оħɽһԼѹ˹˹˹ڵأ
ħַǺʮϵ
ħĳʼ״̬ʮַΪħҲ
˿̽˹˳ʮܲѹô
ħٴصǹ֮ϣ˹˵ֱӱҵ˵ȥ
һַ̣ʹɣǹ˲ʧ
ϵǹɣڽ˹˾֮ʱħ˳ƶ£˹˻ûзӦֱӱ˸ϡá
һ˵壬޷ʮ
֮ڣַͽ˽˹ˣȫ˵Ԥϡ
ʿƣȻʧȥ˾սۿۣ֮ڽ˹ˣܣ
ַȴˣ˿ַĹûн˹ǿȴֽ˹޷мַľħ
κ˶ַ֪ħܣҲַ
սĻַߵһ˶û֣ȫ
һжֵģ˲벻Ǳ˴֮Σ
ʱ䣬֮ڣ˵˶ָԼ
֮󣬳֣
˭Ҳû뵽һ˹ɫŮһһ֮䶼ɢ޵
۾ֱģСѩľ
Сѩľĳಢȳ˲˵һָо
ָоֻгУΪϵ߱ǳ˵磬磬ԼԦһУ
û뵽Ͽȵյ˸ˣǧϿһսûлôˣڿʼͨˣܻ
ſʼǰǸ
ͷð
أһأǳ򵥣˵ѡΪһ顭
һ룬ռһ󲻹˸˶ʧԭء
ֵַʱ򣬷ԼСѩһ˳һյķ
һصĲԷǳ򵥣ֻҪɱԷһ˾ͿԻȥ˱صַСѩʡ
ɱԷ
ַСѩӶЦ
ֻһʱʱ䣬һʱ֮ûѡɱԷ˶Ҫ׹ģһʱʱһĽͻԶ
漴˵ʧӰ١
飬䣡
˵ģһ񣬵Ϊƽⲻ񣡡
˼ףҲƽⲻˣ
˼˵Ǳ밴ճ˵˵ȥ
ûǿƽģܲܳɹͿˡ
ģǰڹַ֪ʶַûѧϰһûڶַȫǸߣѧѧν
ʱַĽ磬Ǹ߽Ľ磡
Сѩŷ㶵ַ磬ĵַ磬Ҫһȥôɣһжˡ
Ҳġ
һŮ˶ˣַ绹Ÿʲô߲Ʋ߽ģַѡԼ
ݼԼǰַΪַԲõڶŮԼǰ
ַ籾ϲСѩԴŮ派Ѫַ֮Сѩ֮΢ϵ˵ĸо
Ů派ѪѾĽ˵ϵһַֻǱʶھܾš
ַĿǰΪֹֻݼһˣ
˵ݼȻ٣ıɣֻڳ˯֮УֻҪҵʵͿԸ
ԣַڵȣҲһֱŬҪҵһʵ壬ԼΪﵽһĸ߶ȣȥһȥѰҡ
ַȥСѩַʶͲܣ
ַֻݼ
ǳŬоģַһֱѧϰһЩ֪ʶ
ĥǹ

ʱ֮󣬽ڸ㶮ģˣþ޷ƽģҪֲȥƽ⣬ڸ׼
Сѩַ绺ߵһǽ֮ϣȻɢһ͵ǽϵļһ㡣
ַ֮䵽һǽڣͬ顣
Сѩַ֪ƽģҲֻϸĿţСѩ˿ַĵطһ΢֮⣬ʲôоûС
ͻȻַǽ֮һǿַ˹ȥ
Сѩûкַ磬ַ֪ƽģԲܵκδ
СѩֱԼ嵲ס˹
ĵĹѾ緶ΧСѩķǿס
СѩɣһһѪ˳
ô£
ҵָûгƽҲûгģСѩΪ㵲סʮŴͻƽ⿪ģ
ʮŴΣʮŴСѩܻô
飬Ϊʲô˵
˵ĻôͣеĹǰ˶
飡ַŭ֮ǹԼģ
İɣСѩܳʮιֻҪʮһǰҲġ
ַŭҲСѩ
鲻˵ˣ֪ǽ鲻ôκַ磬ַѡԼҲСѩ
ǴʱֵַĻ˶ַﻢ£ֻܼƽġ
һεĹСѩɣСѩֻš
ַһƽǽڵģСѩѾ˰˴ι
˿̵СѩѾ𣬾֮еϢȫңֻʣɡ
ھŴεĹѵСѩһαɣɺСѩֱӻԣ֪
飬㲻˵Сѩܳʮɣƭң
ʲôû˵ƭַ磬鲻ַ
ʮεĹѵ֮еСѩ漣˹֪ķ
ַʶһʲôƨģӰһѾСѩס
ַĽСѩڻзǳܡ
СѩĿַ磬ǹһ˿ҸЦݣ΢ĵֻҪžͺá
ŵ죡
ַķĵĹȫǽ֮ϵĹâʢַϯ
ѾĶַľŵǶôЦ
ַ۾ıסСѩһɣ
ף
ôûж
ַ֮󣬷ַŵһжʧԼСѩ˻Ͽȡ
ϲͨһء
ٴγǰֻ˳һӣһ͵СѩڣСѩ˲临ԭ
ַ̲סʵˣһô£
һǿǵԣһ˳ɱԷôҲɱǸŵˡ˶ûж֣ʵʲô¶ԭصʱͺãȻͨһԸΪԷҲͨ

ַĳ嶯̫ˣֲһ̣еĹʧ
˵ϣſԽһء

ˣͬ
ľһ顣ڳ˵ֻһܻ߳ȥ֮ľĿźҳڣһʱ쵽ʱҲĻһɱ㣡
ЦҲҲɱҡ
ʵû˵꣬Ļǣһɱ
ľȴ֪ƾ㣿
ûٽӻǼ䡣
Լôǣҵô
ԻѡɱҲľϣľҲ
һˣΪԷĬĬˣ
ܿʱѾȥ˶鲻ⷿʲô쳣
ⷿԼٶƽףܶգûκεĳڣ
ľ˺ս׼Ҳֵ֮壬Ҳһ֮ˣεֻһܻȥǲܲ򣡡
ľ֮зǳ峺ûаɱ⣬ƺǳѵĵðɣս
˳һԼĲĨȥ
ľ󾪣ٶȳǰȥ˺ĽѾˣĲ֮ϳһӡ
Ϊʲô
ľﲻ֪ô£һʹһ᲻֪
ľ˺ƣûһ˿Ϣڹ֣ĺ͸ˣ
źĨ֮ʱľȫ䱸ȫϢźûеֿľϢԺһһľĿ֮С
ΪĨӵһ̣ľһʱͳ֣˺Ľž˺һ
ΪʲôΪʲô
ΪʲôΪʲô᲻ս
ΪʲôҪɱ
ľͻȻǰħսǸڣԼĶԻ
ʶԼģҪԼ
ľ￴źӣֵһϤĸоʲô벻
ľǳһ㣬ǰ˿ΪԼ
Ϊ򲻹ľɱľ⼸ֵַദܶ鶼ַ֤缸ֵǶǲĺӣ
ԸսҲɱ
ɱǶԼһ裡
Ǻȴѡɱľǳ϶ΪԼ


195 ֻһܻȥ
ľͻȻźŰףͻȻһů
ľڼĻʲôһĴʹһѣΡ
Сʱļľһ֪
ֻ֪ʮʥأһ̣һ׺ͷĿԼÿ壬Щŵر
СѾͷʱǳ£ʲô벻ЩͷǶԳѾͷүү
ϵͷӾʹľѧϰš
ľÿ춼Ҫѿ̿ȻͷøջԸľ
һʮСӣҪʲôͷӾ͸ʲôʲôͷӾʲô
Ҫϵǣ׺ͷժ
ǣֹջ֮£ľߣһ꣬һͷһƯСľ档
СͷƽһƬǵľâʢ
ͷޱȵļ˷ܡ
ľͷʮǰܶ£İְ˭˭ģͷҲһ֪
ͷȥħô½£֮оľͷǺεݣεȵλȻƽ޹ʵȥˣ
ΪǷľǡ壡
ûľԲܹػʧ䡭
ѵҵļˣľ૵ĵ
ľоͺûѪĸоһĸоǾϤ޾ů
һʶǳںңзǳҪ
һ㣬ľǳĿ϶ȻΪѡɱҲԸԼ֣
ľоϢޣæ߶Ϊˡ
ûãƺɫڽš
ô£ľ￪ʼʱооȣԼƣȴƵԵ
Ҫǳ򵥣ֻҪܻ
һͻأĻصռ䣬ǳ˵
˵ֻҪˣͻ
ûһȻֻһ˲ſԻ
ľһݣŻеĺĬĬĵȻҲ֪˭ԸΪȥǷһһˡ
ľ֣ȻԼȥ
һֻ̣˻
ĵһ̣޴ֱӳľ꣬һĶЩܾǰȱʧļĻĻ
硭ԭ㡭
Ҹӿľﵹȥ
һ̣ռһľʧ
ͬһʱ䣬ͬʱ
Ŀԣˮ
硭

˵ӵһ𣬱˺þúþòŷֿ
ֲľϵỨޣⶼǺúõô
磬ΪҪˣɵ
΢Цţɵɵʱ֪˭͡
ľס˺죬ûú˵ȥ
ʱʶѵģ֪ľΪԼɱʱֻ˵ѡ
ſԱĿڴַСѩ
ַСѩһͷˮʶҹϵһ㣿
˿ʼ죬ʣµ˻ڿ֮С
Īƺһ顣
˵Ļ֮˳Ĭˡ
ĪƵļ򣬴ֵܣ֮ǰȺ
ӵгһƿƣȻСƿͷؾƣͷɴˣϼڱ֤ҹϴҶ᲻øأûˣ͵͵˰ɣٺ١
᲻жĪƵĵһ뷨
Īƿ͵ĺһڣȻĪƵ˹ȥ
Īƽ˹󣬷ֱһ¾ƣûжźһСڡ
ǣһ˸ȸдθɢͨȫ
ĪƸоһСڵľƣԼЩľ׵ĳͨˣ
ͲʲôƣĪʵӣ⵽ʲô
ӵҲ֪Ҫƶ˵ôܴ󣬶ҲɡʲôˣȰɣˣ˵Ҫأ
һǳˬʲô˵ʲôԸҶϲĪǰӻ᲻ھ¶ЩΡ
ֵһһڣһƿƺ֮ܿ꣬˶Ĭˡ
ֻܻһ˳ȥ
˶żʹص
ӵֵܣҲ򣬵ֲܲҵûм壬ûˣûǣҺػˣԸΪˣҵļͻΣҵ˵İȫûа취õϣϧҲҵļ£ں£ұȥֵܡ
˵˵ţ֪ô˵ȥˣԼֵ֣ܽǶôѵһ£
ĪƳĬˣԼӵĴ࣬ԼˣЩԼһԸԼļˣ
ЩѵĵղǺȵľƾǵľƣ
ĪҲǳѵĵãǱսɣƾԼʵ
ţ
صĵͷ
˲ʹһţ˶ƴĴ򷨣Էأ

ռĳһ̾Ϣڳ˶Ѿ̣˻ڰй۲죬ҪҪôȥɱֵܵģ
˷ĶԻһѾȥ˶ˣ˻ƴĹԷ

ĪƵǽͻȻһԵ
ԭ˹ನ֮дǽϵĹ
Сģ
ӸհĪƱˣоĪƵĻĪһ
ĪƸձӻˣڳӵĹ޷ܣ
ӺݺݵһҧĪƵķ˹ȥ
Լ˽ʵ嵲סĵĹ
䣡
һ±ɣز
ĪƼ˹ȥӵơ
ӵĸֱӱһѪΣѾս
ΪʲôĪƲ⣡
ѾΪУɱԷ֮ʣȴΪĪƵסһĪƣ
ĪƼæ߶ŹΪˡ
ˣָֻΣҵĵĪƣҺ֮սֵ֮֮սɱңɱ㣬ֵ֮£޹أǱ˻ɱֵܣͱȴҵʬϲȹȥҲҵֵܣˣҲҪˣ
Īƿˡ
ж᲻ᵯĪƵȷˡ
ĪǸûʲôԣһж໥öթֻĸĹĺںԼˣԼʦĳȫֻǹԼ
ĪƲǸţгĸףû˻ۿһۣ
ʮ֮ǰĪĬĬţֻһеСӣľ֮е˷ĪƵѪ֮󣬲ŹעĪơ
ԺĪҪ÷磬Ҫ꣡
ΪĪƵƣеֵܽ϶ĪƣﶼĪأ
ԴʶַԺĪƸܵʲôֵ飬ôУǴʱӵĻĪƸж
ӿʼʱ˵ǼǣԸΪĪȥʱĪֻǵ˵˵ѡǴ˿̣˳
붯ҵֵܣҵʬϲȹȥ
ĪĨһᣬӵֵܣҪǾһɣ
ֵͬһ𣬺γһҸ£
˿Īƶ֣Ī
ӸԼΪĪƵסһʱĪɱԼľˣĪƻô
ӼĵǶˣǲǿ𣿷ѾˣսҪɣ֮ǰӦһ£ҵˣҼڵͽˣһҪǣ
ӣҲҵֵҪҾǰ棡ĪƵ̬ȸӵļ
Ī˵ţԼĲӣĪƽǷκ˵ģ㷽žһڻ㣡
ĪͨˣԼļУںľԼĸףԼˣЩûʲôӰˣĸֻһŮӣӦòΪһŮӵģں̫ˡĪƾ˳ȫӣ
Īƣħô½ˣڵļһܴչһССĵϵСûʲô⣡ˣˣںˣûȥչˣ
˵ûҲĳԶ
ӡɣǸ壬ÿ춼ǹĶǣթûһĶңʶֵǣĺܿģȻֵʶãӣһĵӡ
Ī˵꣬ɱ
ˣͨˡ
ҲᣬѾȥˡ
ͨˣһ㶣һѾϿȣϵ˶Ѿԭ
֪ԭί֮˶Ȼ
ַ翴ֵ߳ȻģǴ˿̣һˣ͵һû߳
͵һȥ֮˵Ļˡ
ҲҲ򣬼ȻҶֵܣҲԼֵֵܳġʱһֿ
һ˵ͷиͬͬҵһȻʲô˾ӣǾԲԼϿɵֵǳ֣Ȼֵң޺
һ޺
˵ֽһֿĿŶԷ
ֵ飡
һʱһ̣˶ȫ裬׼ӭĵĹȴʲôûзͨˡ
һ̣˳Ͽȣ͵һͨصˣ
ԭί֮󣬶Цԭˣ
һǶÿ˵ԵĿУ˶ȫͨأ
һ㣬˸û뵽
ٴǧܶ˶һأЩڿֵֵܵܣ̵ɱ˶ԷǰûУĺ⣬ǰ˶ԸΪԷ֪ǰ˶ʶãǰ˶ԸΪԸȥһ㣬ܶط벻ף
ַ΢Цˣûʲôײ׵ģǰ˸һ·ߵϿȣѾÿֵ֮䶼ĸֵ֮ĻģǲһߵϿȣǶֵǲԼֵܣ
˵һͨˣһأһͨ
ַˣڽһ֮ǰܲһ⡣
ʡ
֪ʮǰи䵱ӣλǰôͨһصģ
ӣ
˵ǧҼĵһţҺܺ棬Ӻʲôϵ
˳˶ӵôߣַи֪ʦôͨһصġ
ַʦ
ţ֪ʦôͨһأҸɡʦǺһŮһȹġ
ŮҲɣҪǣŮӵʦȹʦһһأʦԼȫŮӣҲǻŮӵľ֮ŮӲʦ͵͵ڿ¶ʦʦһŭ֮£Ůɱˡ
ַ˵ֻҪɱ֣ǸҲᱻɱ𣿡
ȫǣֻҪԸΪԷˣֻҪɱԷģͻ
һأʦɱˡһأʦҲˣܾҵҪ󡭡
ˣĹؿͲˣǵڶءҸһʯǰ˸˸ѡһ˵֣Ǹ˵ע뵽ʯɡȻû֪ѡĸ˵֡ĸ˵࣬˾ͱһֱʣһˣ
Ҿܾ
Ҳܾ

˸˶ʼܾ
ݲǾܾǶǵĿܣ
ܿ죬˸ʯڰ˸ǰ
ÿ˶ʶעһ˵֡
Цǰ˸е˼ȻдԼ֣ðɣһǶˡ
˸˶˭Ҳ벻˸дĶԼ֣һддϱ˵֣ôһᱻĨɱ
Ҳǳļ򵥣βǿǣģˣͻռԣͻȡռԵʸ񣡡
ռԣ


196 շǬ
˶ڴŵء
˫һӣǰһȺˡ
Ⱥ˶棬굽ʮĺӣи
ЩȫŶǰ
ǰɡǷǰɣֻͨ˼ҵˣǲûеǡ
ҰɣҸл´ĺӡ

һʱЩ캰أ
˿һĻͬʱŭգȥˡ
һĻͬʱײɣ
һϵص˶ߣ˾ǵصĿ飡ʮˣֻҪÿɱˣأȻɱҲԣǳȥϣ֮ǵҲͽ޷μռԣҸǣЩ˶ץģɱɱЩ˶Ҫ
ַĿųЩˣ
СѩŭȣǶߣôɱЩ޴ͨˣЩ˶棡
ӹֽеǲ£ɱߣҲУǶԸЩˣ

˸һһ̬ûԸȥɱЩˣ
Щҵģ˭Ҳģ
ɱˣǻô
ַ绹Ǿ仰ˣЩˣ
ûʸҪҷˣɱɱɱĻϣ֮֮þͽˡҪ˸֮սѡھǲˣǶɱԼֵܣ
ǰһ飬ɱɱ
Щ涼ǻˣʲôߣ˸˶ᶯ֣Щ޴ˣûһȥ֣
ÿ˵жһ棬ѪҲУ
һɱ֣Ǵ˿̽ȥɱеһˣ
ĪҲǰĪƣпܻΪԼĿȥɱԴӺַʶֵʶĪҲ˺ܶ࣬ϵ飡
һͶҲûжɱЩ˻Ļ˻ᶯ֣ǳ˵ɱЩˣ˶ԳȥôǾûҪȥˡ
û˶֣Щʧ
˶̫ظˣԣʱͻԺһ;ͣЩ涼һЩǺɵˣɱҲɱˣһ;飡
̫ˣ̫ˣˣֻͨ
ˣȥɱЩˣɱ⣬һĻгַꡣ
ΪʲôɱЩˣħ𣿡
ǣҪħħ֮ħǿȻٻħľŻﵽͨľ磡һݾҵġֻҪħ֪Լħ뾡취ȥ⣡ʮа˾ħȴ֪Լħ˰ħȻôȥġ
ַ粻⣬ħԺһ;ͻܵô
û㲻ħô֪ʲôħ֮ˣһûоħõ𣬺̸ŵ£
õôŵ£
ַ˼ַ绹²֡
ַڵľʮǧأɱЩˣҪħҲҪĸԸ֣ΥԼԸȥ
̾һû˵ʲô
ͷ¶βôãҲ˰ɣ
ͻȻŭ˶֪ʲô
ãˣһֻš
漴֣֮һգַо֮һʹţһѰɫĽӰӱץС
ͼһӴϢϢڿУôҲ޷˵С
㡭
˱ǳľȡ
ôͲңţҡ
ţ˵Īĳһ˿Ρ
Ȼ
˶⽣ɢޱǿ⽣κַʹõȫһΨһͬǣ⽣ǰɫַǺɫһ壬һʵ壡
ԣַʹǰѽĽ飡
֪꣡˶ףַһ
ûϳʲô
˷ſ˽飬ȻˣΪʲôң
˵ǳķŭ
ܵԶԶģͳ룬ҸҼôڵ״̬ҳôҰ˸ҪұҳԼô
ڶھͳˣ⽣齫ϣ֮Ǵ˸ôţ
һŭȣ²Ҫˣ㣬ַô
ǻô϶ǣ
ˣȻȥɡ
һ㶣ôŹң
ŭҲô˷ŹģԺˣ
صַ֮ڣַоһĿ־塣
⽣ͳ˵ĹϵǱгô򵥰ɡ
ַ˼
ȻǶɱˣôϣ֮ǵʹ˽ÿһšϾ衯ٶȳɱӣֻҪͺá
˵꣬˸ɫӺڰ˵ǰ
˾Ͼ裡
ϾǴӸ߽׵Ͼʯ֮ҪϾҪʦĶʦҪȥɹֻаٷ֮һ
ٷ֮һʲô
Ͼʯͷǳ٣䵱ַӱԣΪһСϾʯȴϾ裡
һɽһʽʯƲһϾ裡ﾹȻǰ˿ţ
˶򷢸ɵ촽ȲĽϾ£
˼һǽɣǴ߳ȥһܱסϾ衣
һҶ֪ÿδϣ֮߳ˣ෽Ľɱ
ϣ֮⣬Щǿ߶ڵȴԼɻ߼еĵӴϣ֮߳
ԼҵĵӣôͻἫǱļɵĵӣͻΧɱ
ϣ֮ǵ֮󣬵ȴһƽ٣
ǺöѽˣҰõЧ
ţ㣬Ҫȫˣ㡣
ַ֪ʲô⡣
ַ磬
˵Ļһ䣬ַͳʧһʧĻЩ档
ʣµ˾͵Ͼ衣
ַһ̳һɽվַĶ档
˵ȴǧ꣬ΪѰҵһˣžħĽѾҵݣݣӦѾ֪ˡԣҿڽϣռԡ
ռԵݺܼ򵥣ҲѵģֻҪشҵͺá
ַһĪĽţշǬľͷˣ
Ϊζ
ַ룬ǷǳʵĻش𣬡ʼǺ棬ΪҰǰһͨˣʱͨ˵ֱҽһߵŮѣΪ
ҷ־;ֹս֮Уһʱ򣬷ԼѾ·ˣֻǰһԭŮˣҵֻ֪һľܾȻŮѣԣҾƴ
ˣÿ
ַͷˡ
֪ħĻΣ˵ȫΪ棬ΪŮѣ
ַͷֻʵʵ˵ѡ
ðɣڶ⣬ں˭
ַ붼û룬ںԼ
ǣַɱԼں˾ͿԵõǬַĻشǬ㵡
ȻںԼΪҪΪȥĻش˻ɣ
ַ練ʣһԼںˣôȥںˣ
һסˣʵһ򵥵ĵһ˲ȥԼôȥˣ
ȥôȥԴˣûȥôȥԴԼʱں˭˶Ǹ˺ںˣʣмȻ뵽Լ
ַںԼҲŻںϧߵˣںԼںҵĸĸںҵŮˣںҵֵܣЩҶںԸΪǸԸΪеǰںԼֵôߵһأΪ˴ں˴ԸΪԷȥӮˣߺߴӣΪЩںΣŽᣬԲһͿأ
˼Щͨ˵ĸ飬Щ߸ϵԶܲⲻˡ
ǻῴ飬ֻǿԼܵĸһ
û뵽Ȼ֮һħ䣬صޣ
ַЦһħˣΪ˾²䣡ʲô𣿡
˿ЦԣõʲôˣȴħʹȴΥΪȴѡҲΥħΪճħȴѡ
ַڵΪⲻʲôʲôֻ֪ҪԼԭ򣡱˶ҺãҾͶã˶ҲãҾͲãɱңһնݳҵ뷨ô򵥣
Ȼ֪һ˳ȻҲãиҪӦ֮ҾͺǩԼһ̸
ˣ˵
ҪħĽҵˡ
еĽֱһҪӦˣŵˣһĺܲҵģ
İɣ飬һֱ㵱ֵܣôأ
ַܾ˳Ҫ󣬡ҵֵܣҵˣҪˣ֮ĹϵҲֵܰĹϵһ㣡Ҫֵˣǰ첻ġ
ֻҪǿǸ˵ԺΪַͨˣֱ¸ңڳЩظַΪҲǺܹģǬħһսʶħֻҪڣͲַΪ᲻ȥ
ǬѾǧַ꣬ǳѡ
Ѫħ뻤ֻһִڣ˶ᶯģҪ˵ˣ
ʵϣ֮ոտʼʱ򣬳˿صСѩľˣΪͬʱʮӵߣǬҲΪʮ֮һʯĹϵҲСѩľǳ˵ѡ
ų˵Ĺ۲죬ַ罥Ľ˳˵ߣʼʱ򣬳ֻǸַܸߵۣСèĳ֣ѾַСѩľ˷ŵͬһΣ
漴Ͽӡǵĳ֣˷ǳľȣַΪص㿼󣻶󣬾ħĳ֣Ѿȷַˣ
ռѾͨҺǩƽԼҪ꣡
˵Ļ䣬õ廯һ⣬ַ練Ӧֱַüġ
ţַð˳˵ѾǩƽԼԺҵˣǬĴռʹ漶ΪҲ˵ѾǬԭʼ״̬ǬԭжϣΪϼһ֡
ô죿ַѾоǬĴڣʶһ̽Ǭ档
ʶ֮̽£ַ緢ǬһƬ磬ֻʮƽ״С
ɣǬﱾԳһ磡ϣ֮ǾǬ磬ԼշˣͳôСһˣʲôûУ
Ǭҵԭʼ״̬ûеڱ£ԼҪĶҪȥԼ죡ǰĶ˴Ѿ˽˹ϵһʧ磬Ҫ磬ԼȥŬʹ죡
һ£Ϊﵽʲô绹Ҫòֵܴ磿
˵Ϊľ磬һǧ꣬˶е硣
񾳽磿һǧꣿ
ַԵ


197 ϣ֮ݣ
ϣ֮ϾͻȻо֮дһ䣬ܿ죬ռ¶ȼ½һӵʮ£ܿ죬˿Ͽȹͺͺɽʯ֮һƬ˪
ֹͣ¶ȵķ˶Ӧ쳣ţùΧĺ
˿˿ɽѾ˱ɽһʱѩëѩϯ
һʼ˻ΪĳǿڷǺܿ˸о޷Ӧı仯Ȼ
ǳ磡һԳɵĿռ䣡
ѵ˳ʲô£ҪԸˣʲô飿
ȫ裬Ի󲻽֮ʱַӰͻأĳǰ
ַʱоһϮȫ˲䱻æùֿԼ屣ת
ұ𾪻ţ¶ȽΪϣ֮ѾԳɵĿռϼѾһˣ˸ңֻҪȣʥص˺ܿǵġ
˴һô£
Ժûϣ֮ˣȴԸ
ַ㵽Ϊֹ϶˵ʲôȻҲǴˣûжʣֻޱȡ
һһμϣ֮ǵߣԺϣ֮ǵֻʷ
Сʱ֮׺ͷ̤ѩ˱ѩǵϿȡ
ʥŮ¡һͷľֱ֮ܵľĸǰһƢһġ
Ȼһʥؾкܸߵݵλôľֱӿˣ
ϣôˣľ￴ǿЦá
ϣ֮ǵĽӴʹߣϣ֮ǲ߽Ӵ׵һһ˶ûнӴһΪԼڸˡ
ʥŮ͵͵ˣϷߵģ֪ʥŮϣ֮ǵϢʥ𾪣ʥŮϣ֮ǣϾͷأ
ⲻӴЩϣ֮߳˸Ͳϵǰϣ֮ǳڵȴʤߣˣʤ߻ûгʥ֪ͨһصӴʤߣ֪Ժʹϸ˹
ľվԼǰһӼıġ
ϻַ磬˫ֱĿַ磬ַȫ´һ飬ƺҪַ翴͸һ㡣
ȥ˰춼оֻ쾳ߣʲô
ȻַΪнڣϣûκַܿΪ
ʥشһĺʧɫֱʼһһִҲֱ顣
Ű룬չգϷȻΪϣ֮ǵĹھмͣ䵱˲űʮǰ˸ӣҿ͸ʮͽܾȻҲȡùھҸӿ͸ʤ
ַû뵽ԼʦЩǿߵУôߵۣ
ַ΢Цţǰˣǰ
û뵽ϣ֮Ȼ߳˸ˣϣ֮ǵĳҵһǧȴĶϣ֮߳ˣʥҪдǣףǸȥʥѡ·ͻȻϣ֮ʥصıƻǵʥص󷨣ʥص˶޲󷨣ԣͲдλˣǵĽʱ޲󷨣ǸԵɷһ麯ʱҪʲôܿھͺˡ
³ͻȻΪǵĲʥػ˰ȫͰλԵɡ
Զдϲʥص˱˭Ұ·ɱ
ĸȥѩǣߣ
˵꣬һľһľȻѩٶȥ

вźţûа취ȥľʥصʥŮʥأħô½ˣҲҪħô½
ľͷĿ˺ۣܿʧڴѩ֮С
˶֪ʱ
ȻһǳŵĸСʱ˵Щڳݲ壬֮ʱͿ˵ɡĸ
ڴôСǰԼŷǳûаƢֻСһߵĶ˼½š
ַɣ￴ַ磬򷽲Ŵһַá
ַǰ
ţôͿΪأСӣʲôģȻܳΪϣ֮ǵĹھҶΪʾصĻɣҪǹϼУ
ַһʥ϶һʣתǿߣһƾַܰ
ǰҵľǰʮǧǰ̧֣ŹСӡַȻ˵
ģǳģ⻰ҰðɣǼλȥѩǰɣǸò£˶æ޲󷨣ҳȥϼ£ٺ١
ȻΪʥسϣûһ㳤ϵϣֱͯһ㡣
ӿռָó˸ѩˡ
ѾѩأѩѾϣ֮ǣûѩ߷ǳѣҷǳ·
ʱ֮˵˱ѩǡ
˱ѩ֮󣬱ѩſɽ˺ˮйͨ
ɵǿǶȴԼĵӳ
ϴһӽսʿ߳˳š
ַվϵԡ
ѩ⣬˻ϲ˱
ϲֻôˣǿԼĵӻ߳鼤Ըӣ˵Ǵˣ˵дǺޣŭ
Ұ
ϵĻ䣬ѩһƬžţ
Զҿû˸սʥصϣ
Ҳˣһϣ֮ǵѾԲϣ֮ǵûл߳˸ˣȻ￴ֻ߸ˣﲹľǣʥصʥŮľҲ߳ϣ֮ǡ
˵һͨûг⣬˵ʲô˵ʲô޹˼ɣͲһ쵼ӡ
ţҸߴһ£һϣ֮һ죬Ժϣ֮ȡˣϣֱ֮ӱ˸һˣʥصı֮ϣʥҲȡϣ֮ʤߵļνʽʱʤߵĽƷǻ麯ʽ֪ͨʤڵ
ϣ֮Ǳˣߴˣ˭ôǿΪ
֪֮⣬˶о
ЩǶţһϵĻô
ϣ֮ûˣԺҲûϣ֮ˣ
ʥ֮⣬ﶼ֪ϣ֮ǾϹʮ֮һǬΪʥΪĥߵĳأˣж𾪵ԸӺʧ
ʧ֮߳ˣҫǿһСϣ֮֮лôͻһճͻɴ
ϣ֮ǵЩСԾŵ֮أ
ߣϣ֮˺ʥظʤߵĽƷȫıûϣ֮ǵҲҲûЩ
ҪǣЩʤߵʥس϶ÿȥЩѡӣĳĵӱʥؿϣôû˸Ҷˣ
ϣ֮ǼϣϣͻȻˣἫȵʧ
ϵݽֿʼˣϣ֮ǵʤߣʥص˰ȫ˴·ɱʥԣʥԵ³Ŵҿ֪Ǹʥؾڵ
ЩԼĵûгźͱϣ·ɱ˶ᱦϵĻ󣬸䤱
Ͻ껰һ

ɽžȻԵԶһ̲סֱȫһĵط˹ȥ
ֻҪһϣ֮߳ɽɾȵϾ궫֮λ
ֵǣˣڣ
һֵǸҲȲʦ˹ȥʮսʿЩսʿ˵ģÿʮսʿ
ԶɽûпƮӣɫ࣬嵽һԱߣŭһͽôģ
һʦڼ˵Ż˴ǳĲˬ
һֱ棬ʥʥŮľɱģ
ɽŲԵڵأûлɵһĻʥصʥŮɱģ˵ûӦҰʺʥͷϸǣοʥصϾ
˭ɱģһҪ𣡵ɽԶˡ
ߣɽ˴ͷɥˡ
ֵǣҲˣʲôʱֵǵһң
Ҳ˴ߣһĽʺ޵۹֮дЦȥ
˺ħ˷ǳףԼĵôǿ˻йͺڰƣ̺ޱǿǵĵô棿һССѪȴ˳
ΰվס
һ´̽סӣħĳҲ˹
̷ǳŭĿӣĵң˹˭ɱģ
ħĳҲʵ˭ɱģ
ӵȻַ磬֪һʵģ˶ԲߣֱӵļοУһοǿ˵ԣǽ˷ֳһŵһյĵطһʱ֮ڣֻҪɱԷ߳Ȼһˣǹϵǳõˡͽ˹Ȼһ飬֪˴ˡȻ˭ɱ˭Ҫһأֿܹܲأһͬѡһ𣬵ȻֻҪֻҪʱһͻءڶ֣˫ԸΪ˶ԷȥԸΪԷˣŻһɱ˶ԷôʣµǸ˾ͻᱻϣ֮ǳĨɱ
˵꣬´̺ħ᳤϶ˣͽ˹˴ˣ˶ˡ
ûлӵĻ˷ǳŭ·ɱӣǿʮսʿ֮۾ˣ
ʥص˱Ҷ
ɱڣɾһ㣿ڿƼôһЩʲôͨѶ֪ͨʥصˣǻˣ
˳һӣҧгݵˡ
ֵܣҲˣԶҵĺֵܣڣ
ҲˣˣʵýսʿҲû˸Ҷ
ɽһҲǱߵȺվţȻǵ᳤ܲҲԱԴһȴ
˶ɽһûгɽһŭЪ
죬һأ˭ɱˣ
ȻͬΪˣ׻Ƶ۹͵ûʲôʡ
ɽһǱϣԳƵ֮ɱģ֮һƽս
Ҳַͬ硣
ʵ˵ʵҲûйϵɽһַ֮ǣֵַġ
ַ磬ҴߡСѩ˾
ʲôߣ
ѾͷԼɣ
ַ㵵ı飬СѩǳĲˬˬ鲻ˬϹаЦǳĵϹ֪ϲң᲻ߣС˵ôˣҶ಻˼߰ɡ
˵ַĸڴǰȥ
ϣ֮߳˶վţҵĿⶼ߿ţСѩôһҶ۷׷ס
ʥŮСѩַˣ
ģǾţ

ֱַӱ
ַ˦Сѩĸ첲Сѩùš
ѵֺСѩô࿴ţô򣿶СѩһŮӼҸղ˵Ļ˶ᵱ棡
Сѩ㵽ôַͺ
ôҲû¸ɣԺȥ䵱һ䵱ɽкöǵˣҲҪշȥ
ַôѾûˣҲСѩԼǰȥ
ĪƸں档
ӳ嵽ǰ棬ֳϣϲϣ֮ǹھϲǺĪƣҹûпˡ
ֳϣϲϲ
ʦͽַ磬ʦߴɵҫ

ӭߴߴţ
ߴſַ綼üЦ⡣


198 
Īƺ͸ַȥ䵱
ʱܻħô½ħô½Ŵ߸ڷʱȥĪһ⵽ħô½İɱ
ڵȣȵħô½ϢʱȻ˽ȥ
˸ַһ𣬺Ī޴ȥǾʱ䵱
ʥصרר֮дѪ֣ʥء
ɻܷɵﶼǳͨ裬ǸһӶҽٻ
ļֱ˽սʿַһ˵ֱıм䣬һֱַ䵱ȥ
ȥ֮󣬵ڶߴɴ죬ףַˣߴԵأٱյ֮䣬ַ£Źϵ
ʼʱųƺַΪֳϣ¶ǣͳֵܣźţŹžƾַϵӾͺַǶδ֪һ㡣
Ͳַݰˡ
ַ籾ϲĳϣûа취Լϣ֮ǵĹھԼĻߴɵ˶䳡ġ
СأȻߴЩɶɳ˴ЩС֮ˡ
ЩǸӣЩСɵȫΪ˰ͽùϵ
ƽʱ䵱ϵôҲǰݺأֲ֮ǰĹϵ
һЩɵŴԼŮڵŮӺַʶЩ˿ַԱվСѩ֮ʱʱȥ

ʥڵźϣ֮ǵΣѾ
źݣһǽɫźȻǸַģһǺɫźǸӵġ
ַӴ˸ż
ַ翴еȫһЩϡеıֻѡһ֡
ʥҲ̫˰ɣ͵ĶʲôŵϾأ
ͷĳ죡Ժڸҽţ˺죡
ѽѽѾʧȥ˸ôѵҺСٻ𣿱ˡ


ˣַŭˣһûַ꣬벻Уַʶһܣַͷ綷
Сٻͬʱַȵұ죡
ַ̣ԼˣȻô˵Ǳ˴֮ǩƽԼַҲûа취
ַǳֻӬһˡ
ַɫһƬҰףһߵϣϵżҲˣڽֱӽˣЩַô󣬵ǶӾзǳ;
ַ翴ʱӵɫҲһƬɷס
ôˣţ
ֳϣԼ
ӽеż̸ַ硣
ַĬĬ˳֮ݣ֮ƻħӡأħ̫ϳϳѽħѹƣħӡߴϵǵʦ棬ʥؾսħ
ַŮ֪ħԼһΪ壬ϼʥһǷӡħһڵأ
ħӡͬӡһŮעػħ꣬ħ֮ĸɸ춯أ
Сٻŭǲģ
ϻҸĻ˭ַ粻Ҫħ꣬Ҳħôķӡһܽÿô֮⣬ܽ⿪
Уѵʮⲻôϵۺϻ쵰ⲻôҪǰ
ռգЩԣҪϵ䣬Ϊ˼ʱô


ŭҸҵڶھħҸоϼӡǵڣħڶħ֣ڵڽ͵Ľڽ֪ʲôطһħҲ֪ڽ͵ڶħֳ֣ΪܿƵ㲻һɢô
СٻЦ㲻ǺôǺųô˭ѽɨ½ľħǧŵһ¹˭ʲô
㡭ҭסˡ
鼯ħŽڣȫͣԿԺɨ½Ǵ˿̵Ľʲôˣ


ַ緢ŭ𣺡Ǳˣ֮һҵħڵĽں͵һħ֣


ҲСٻˣ·ǳУСٻǹӿħɳҲ֪Ǻ»ǻ£ҵħں͵ĽڣҲȥյڣʱڵᷴɣֱӿƽ飡ûҵһħֵ£Բȥɵڶħ֣¶Ӧѭ򽥽


ħֵǿ󣬵Ȼûҵں͵Ľڽ͵һħ֣ôֻܴʥ֮ս


ħֺ͵ڽӷӡг˽룡


ǸһӦַϢɱַ磬ȡַһУַǵڽĶ֣


Ŀǰڽ͵Ľڽû֪ʲôطһħҲ֪ʲôط
ַͷܴ󣬽ͷ󣡶Сٻֻ
̾һħ˼ƽҪ١ǧǰħ·ħӡռգ·˴εѣ粻ֻ֣ܳܿռˡȻ֮սѵĻЩͨˡ
ͨԶ֪࣬Ҳ֪֪罫ҡ
ַ絭ĵϼطӡֻħһѣֲħ˵ˣħҲһĪҪ̫ˡ
ʷأǧǰħսսħ֪ħжǿ󣡾һҲռܵģ

飬ȥҲûʲô塣
ֳϣұס꣬깦𣬴쿪ʼҪչ䵱һоͽˣļ䣬һὫ»㱨ʦ
ң
ӵͷӴ˿̿ʼ䵱ţ
ַմϣ֮߳ͷʱַ䵱ţǽַ䵱߷壡
Ҳʰɣ䵱ǰô࣬š
ӵֳ֪ϲϲԼֳֻϹҸְλѣɱһأһ±ȥҵĵλأ
ַʱӵ˼
ӷǳַ磬ַ֪ѹͲʲô䵱ţԷĵĽ䵱ŵְλַ磬һе񶼽ȥ
ϣַ֮뿪䵱ַ֮Ի䵱Ϊһأ
䵱ߴѡϣ֮ѡ֮ʱߴڱص飬ַһֱʲôıػɽɽһЩӡ
ֱַʵţߴɱ֮£ܷ֪һ
أ
Ҳ֮һ¶ѣû뵽ַ
ӵߴɵıֻһ˵ѣǴ˵ɱɾıأǰߴɵʦҵһɱͼʦҲҵ˱صص㣬ǵطûܽȥɱͼһΪߣߴɹͬܣڵȴԵҵأǧȥˣ޹
ֳϣȥĻڵȥҪͼû˻ΪģҪסͼߴɵ
ЩƽʱڱչأֻߴʱŻ֡ǲرͼÿڶΪԣҪҪرͼǳѡ
ÿڵƢǳŹ֣ǻѺͿȥҪرͼˣеľʵʦȥҪʱ򣬱䵱ֱӸ˳
ַ粻ĵȻߴʦصĶʵôߴʦʵõأô
ֳϣҲ̫ףҪߴʦ֪ˡ
ӣֵַһ£ȥѰұأ
ʵַ粻һϲ̽յˣǽ˵ⱦؿܷͬһ㣬ַ˷ǳȤ
Ӻ͹ۣƶ
䵱أҲ䵱ʦĵط
һ·ƣɽļ紺
ƶһа֮ǰɽǧ֮ߣֱƶˡ
ƶɽڵλá
ɽڹ⻬ޱȣûκ֮ǧ׵ĸ߶ȣȫҲһȥ
СèгԵˡ
ַֻջСèСèַ࣬硣
СèгԵ
СѩСèĶڣСèĶֱӸ߸ߵ
֮СèĴ۾˿һԺҸĿСѩ
Сɫè
ֱַ
ԼշԼģСèҲСѩջˡ
ַᡣ
СѩĿžɥַ磬Сè£СèСèèɰȥǸ˵ǸһóԵġ
ǰĻСèûô⣬桮óԵġ֮ʱ۾Ȼһ
СèΪ룬ı֮֮һ죬չ߷ɣǧ׵ľ˲ȵ
붴ڣСèͶˣǰȥȥѰĺóԵȥˡ
Сèǰ濪·ַȻĵĴǰȥ
ܿ죬ַɽľͷСèͬʱһ׷ԲԵֺõĺСè˵ʲô
׷˿ַ˽ϴŭɫǲҷеһѱһһСè͡
СèԵĽζֻܴſ⻬һĻ
СèеıƲƲ죬ֻûСèСѩĻ˯
ģ߿СѩĿƺҪСѩ͸һ㡣
ǣġСѩĿ⿴Աߵַ硣
˷ǳԾĿһУСѩܿ췢վǰͷ˲Сѩһģꡣ
䵱ַݼڡַ
ʲô˵˭ͷźӣŵĿַ硣
䵱šַ˵ţƵݸͷ
󣿣
ʮꡣ
ʦĸ
ӣ
֣ڵɫȻıһ䣬ָܿ
ӽģ
ԼҪرͼ
ӵ걻䵱ô䵱ϴ֮λʦķ緶ҵǺܺ棬ӻΪô㣬Уأ
ַ罫䵱´ͷβڡ
֮ǳԾðɣһж⣬ʦ˶֪Ҳ֪µȷܹ֣֮ʱѾֻ֮Ҫ֮ʱҲŻ֡ʦʲôãΪֱ̫Щظ̫ˣõܵŻɳҲǶӵһĥ
ĥ˷˫ħʦɱɳǶ䵱ĺҲǳ¶ܾƾ
˫ħ£Ҳַʦĸ׳㡣
ʦ۰ĵӣǴε¼һۣһѵȷЩˡʦϣ֮߳ʦԻʱ򣬽ʦ˹ȵףŴˣһ˶ܲ˵ġ
ַʦôˣʦϣ֮߳ǺεȵĽͻԻͣߵ㣡
ʱ򣬾ʦʲô£ֵĹ⻷һжѹȥģʦΪ˾Լĸ׳㣬͵䵱ʥҩɱˣɱݺġ
ģʱҲûὫʦţ̫ԭءԭΪ֮
˳˵磬һֱֻ̫磡νӢ۶ڵ˯š
ԣڲŲϧʱػ
ûӵȷɻǶ䵱Ҳ޾ĺ⣡
һñһʧ¶ܾƾ


199 Ҫǵ
ҪĲرͼ
гһƾɵƤݸַ硣
ַӹƤоƤ֮ŵ¶ȣϸĿ
ƤϿǳͨ滭һЩ˵ķźҵĵΣַȻ
ַ磬ݲرͼҲҪԼҰﲻǣ߰ɡ
ڣɷ񽫹ڱصһЩ֪һ
ԵЩͷĵⱦشħսʱڣһλӵдܵǿǵʵ޷õ֮Ե˵֮ǿ󲻵ãҪǿ󣬱طǡⱦصصڹŰʥأˣҾ͸Щ࣬˵Ҳûãʣµ·ҪԼߡ
ڸתͷԼĲذյģһ鴤

˳õһݲرͼȫСèĹ͡
СèȥǿĹֱӲײڲµĽơ
ڴŭ䵱أ˭еҰ
ǵڿ֮ʱֱӰ˸
СèȻڣѾ֮ѾʵսҲóȻһֻ붯֣СèԵеıҲû˿취
ںܿȻˣַ䵱ˣַģҲ䵱ģԼ˳Լ˵ĶûʲôԼˣһ뵽еıʱüЦ
ַ˵һվ֡
˳䵱רֱӵ֡
ַҡڵ䵱ŵݽ֣źͨʦӭӡ
ͨʦΪַӷϴϯ䣬ַܿ˵Լ⡣
أͨʦһ㶣ȻЦţⱦҲֻߴɵĴŶѣҲǺƶɮɲΪʲôأҪȻôûҵ
ַ΢Цţûȥ˱֪ݻʦ
ҪʦҿԴȥҪرͼ֮£ǰﲻʲôæģһ֪
ţھ͹ȥ
֣ؾֽء
ֲؾڲֶڹķֻʺĵӺͳϼ˲ſԽؾĶķ伮߽ء
ؾư磬ӵĽһϵϣﵽʮ˲ƣһֻӬɲȥ͸͵ˡ
źͨʦĴ·˳ͨʮ˵ƣ˲ؾ
ؿɭϵĳ̶ַ˲ַ࣬Ӳ϶ȥ
ؾʮ׿⣬ͨʦͣŲؾķ𾴵ĵڣ䵱ַ˼ҡ

һŭض
һֱӾСѩ˯Сè
ʵСèṳ̂ʵ˯Сè䵱䵱ڵıַ֪֮˻ҪȥһͷڷɻССһ󣬸û˯
ֵôһֱӽСèˣСè򷢸ɵ촽ֱһ׹⣬Ĵײ˸
ţһֵĲҽУȻһ׺ӹͷ˳һѪ˼
ĿڴֵھȻôһ
ڡ
ͨʦ󾪣֪ʲô״æǰȥڡ
ĸ֣Ҫ˷ûȵͨʦܵǰѾվ
ڣô¡ͨʦһľ֡
ͨû£ȥҺͼλʩл˵
֮ޱĿַ磬ַ磿һϣ֮ǵĹھ
ûҡ
ҪرͼѾųַ⡣
ǵġ
ַҲشķǳɴࡣ
ɣǿߣҲ뿴ǣֻСè
ֱӽһƤַ磬ַ˹лǣ
ַ˸ߣһֱɫСèӲؾ˳ַɵСѩĻ˯
ԴַСѩһˣСèСѩ粽룬СѩСèһַȫӣ
ַǳơ
ʣµɵڣַ編ƣֱСèһ¾͸㶨
Ųرͼ˳ĴȫȫСèĹַͣΪСèֱӽСèҩ԰СèԼȥѰʳ
ڵ죬ַ罫Сè˻Ӧ˵СѩСè˻
һʲôԣ䵱ҩ԰ҩܳ첻Ķˡ
ҩ԰˶ŭԣ˭˵ʲôݿţ
ҩ԰˽·Ӧ䵱߲㣬ǶЩ߲ѵһ٣
ԣ䵱߲Ҳַͦ磡

ַ⼸һֱоͼ߷ݵͼһγһѭŶı仯һʾ˵ͼȫò
ͼɸƣɳϮִҲɴ洢ֻҪŵͼںһʾĵͼ
о˼죬ִͨ豸ȷ˵ص㡣
䵱˵һ㣬ڰż
Űżħս֮б˵صףãȻôң
ߴҲûиַ͸¶κϢһַֻԼȥѰҡ
˳ɻ˹Űż
ѾһƬ棬Χǧ֮ȫһƬݲ
ǧǰħսҲһħս޾Ĵݻ٣ѾʧȥΪһƬء
˿ŵͼֱսתһȦսʯһ㣬ʲô첻
Ϣ֤һڵصף
ַ޲֮ʱʻԱ򵥣ݵͼԱһ¾֪
ݵͼ
˺֪ܿʲô˼ˡ
ʻԱս·߼״ɨ裬Ƴɵͼַϵԭͼϡ
ҳð취
һأǧѰ֮ˣûԣĵǲ仯ġ
ݵͼԱ֮˷߸쳣㡣͵ͼϵĵûнϵ쳣㡣
ǣÿ쳣һţڵ쳣֮£˷ڣ
һѾʯ˺俪֮һɲĶڳ˼ǰ
ⶴǳɾʮֱֱ£˭Ҳ֪ⶴж˭ҲóȻȥ
ʶʱ򷢻˹ؼá
Ƭ֮󣬽Щĵⶴǧϡҵʶɨ赽ǧҵʱһûв´Ļصһˣ
ַԴҵⶴǧϣֱֱ£ǵĹȥû⣬ҪСˣȥ֮ٵδ֪Σա
ǧף
ֱֱµǧף
ⶴڵֱʮ׷Բһĳλǿ߽ͨ
˵һǸǿֱӽص״ͨǧף
ţǼȥɣҾͲȥˡʻԱɲ⼸һȥ
˶ţֻһСɲ档
ַ絭Ц㿴÷ɻͺá
š
ַ¶ȥʮ׵ľִ֮̽ڣסԼΡ
˿ֲַڣǳȣʣֲȥûô⣬µĳĹԣ˵ָܲˣַȴûһ㡣
룬һǲǹŰ
˶ӿռָóһذף׷ȥ
ذ׶ƽŲڣСԵĳ
ÿ˶ʮһͣΪ˷ֹδ֪Σգַÿζǵһȥ̽·ĪƵڶСѩ
˸оԽ£ڵʵؾԽʵǧ׵ʱ򣬿ռ¶Щߣ֮дһȵĸо
ǧ׵ʱ˸оЩ֣֮ԼԼһĺ⡣
˷ٶȣһķ䡣
һֱĵײûκΣգһĿռ䣬ʮĶԶչȥ
Χ¶ȷǳߣ֮ںܶط˹̵ҽЩҽռһƬ죬ǰ·б״̬һֱµ·
Ѿҽ˵Ѿ˵ģԽߣ¶ȾͻԽߣӵͼģĿԿⱦؾڵµĽ֮У
ַĻѴһף

ַ¾ڣżսԴҪСˣʱ״̬
ĪƺСѩͷ
ǧѾҽ˵һ»ɽ
ַó˵ͼһƬСͼ֮Ѱźʵ·ߡ
ڣ
ַŴǰȥ
߽ڰ֮ǰ˸ڣַоһµͼ˵ڶڣ
ͼ˵ߴڣͻ·һ
û˻ɵͼϵע˵ģص磬˭Ҳû֪ʲôѽǿĴڣ
˵룬ڵҽԽԽ࣬ƺصֹЩҽֶڲѡ
һصĽ磬еͨȫ˷ǳǿٴﵽʥľ磡Զȡص׵Լת˵ص׻ɽĸ£֮ҽʵ˳ÿΪλǿ߻е˼
нҵʶ͸磬ҿԱ֤̽ⶴµʱҵȷо˹ҵʶһǻ
ǰУһѨڷʮʬ壬ҲмĹǼܣݽжϣЩ˶аϡ
˷˽ŲһյͼǰУһ·ϳЩʱԶսۼһЩѷĹǼ֮⣬ûκζ
µǧ׵λãڴԹĶѨ֮˳
˿·һĻ𺣣ԼԼܿһɫĽ޾ҽ֮ȼա
һ·ûκΣգ˶оЩ֡
ûʲôֵģһ·ǿսʬ壬Щ֤ĹѾ̽յȫɱˣһ·ûʲô谭
ַý˵·ַ缸˲֪ôȥ
ڵλɽм䣬Զ·һϿȣ֮ȫȼյĻ𺣣Ļɽʱ̶ܽû
ȥԻɽȻûһܿסȻ
Сè˴Ӹ߿չҲܣǵģգϿ֮һҽ㣬ҲǱĳֽƸҪȻݣݻ١
ĪƵӵͼʾҪԽǶȣԣǰû·͹ȥ
ͷûͨĴܣЩɽȻſԹȥǼ˵Ϊ޷ͨ
Сѩͬ˵˵
ַҲף˶ô׷ˣȻˣܾô˻ȥ
ռĶʣʶȥôıأûȡô
һᣬַýʶ̽һĴ𰸺һȥ
ַЩɥʵ֤ȥ
ȥ
ȻҲ·ôַԷ
СĴұ֮ȥ˼Ĺȵס
ȵױԵǷ̵ʯЩʯھµĴѾļ᲻ɴݡ
ЩӲʯ֮£һƬ磡
ɫҽͣķʱʱĳʮ׸ߵĻˣЩҽ¶ȶߴＸٶȣ˵Ӵͻڻ
ۿȥ֮ԶǿֲһĻһȥǼʮ׵ĸ߶ȣЩȥҽ˽ڡײһҵıը
û·
࣬ȥõıôֻҪǴӦһССҪҾǹȥ
صռ䣬ǸŮǳջ˸оģԣ֮дĳ־Ŀ
ַ絭Ȼ֪ǰҪʲô
ٴλص˶ߣҪǰҽħ꣬ǽСͺá
СĻ䣬һɫӰַ˶ʮ׿⡣
ޣԸмһ
ޱ޵ףһˣ屬һ޵ջֻҪĿһӴŮˣͻᱻ
СѩòǰŮ˵òγһԵĶԱȺͷ
һŮˣ

㣬СѩԿ϶ҲԿ϶
ַ絭֪ħСҪǰʲôæ
ħ欵ЦţǾܰôҪǵģ


200 Ȫˮ
ģ
˲⡣
ȴǧ꣬Ϊ˵ȴһ˺һģֻҪҸǵģҾͿǹȥ
ǳ򵥣ǵ꣬ǵʶֹĸܣκεķֻǸһ¶ѣ˺ǡ
ĪǰЩĿħ꣬СС㣬ֹĸܣôǸ˵ʲôܶ㿱ˣǵڰԼ㣡
Īֻ˵ĪƿռָѪħ˼£ѪħƺڴһϢǰŮ˺ĪЩϵ
ħѪħҶΪܸߵħΪѾԽʣռƣԼѹʾת㣬ֻǡ
ħ꿴ĪƣֻǸǵѪѣ̽ǵļ䣬Ǵɷġ
СѩϹŵŭŮ˵ĵһ۾͸озǳħС㣬Լ꣬ǽԼȫ˶ԷҾ̽ǵϢҲ֪ҲӦ㣡㣡
Сѩ˼ŭħ겢΢ЦſСѩҲҪĴӦҪΣֻ˵ģһŮˣֻһ߶ѣҶ߲Ȥġ
Сѩɫ࣬ûŮȻϿǳܿԼ㣬СѩͿжϳŮһ֣
ôԸ𣿡ħĿַ硢ĪƵϵɨ
ַĪͬ
ַΪǰŮҪɱǼ׾٣ҪԼˣͳˣԲôá
οԴħ֣һֱ˶ǺܺƣȫûиоѺΣյĸо


Ҫǣַ磬ħһħħˣ˵ڵˣڵԼֻ˵ħĵڻ
ԣַһ
ĪƵѪħ˷ӦúŮЩһ˿ϵԲվ˳
ðɣ磬Īøַ硣
ħ국ĵãһ
׼ȫסҪһĶԿͷҪȻ귴ɣ˺Լ
Сѩŭ˺һŹ㣡
ħûжСѩЦЦħһЦСѩоӷŭˣ
СѩҲоŮûж⣬֮ﲻˬһħо˵Ĳˬ
ַ˶꣬ڵأȴħ̽
ħ˵һЦ֮лһѪɫֳɣ˵üĻ˹ȥ
ɫ˲ûַ硢ĪƵüġ
ַоЩϤ֮󣬾Ͷݵͣһ£Իûһʱֳַꡣ
ħɫȻһ䣬о𣬡ħѪ
ħħҪҵˣԺҪԸˣ
ħѹԼʧصĪ̽ȥ
ڶѪɫûĪƵꡣ
ħг˾֮⣬ޱȵļϲѪħѪҵˣ
ĪƸоԼôϤͺǾΥһ㣬ֺǹֵܣƺԼ
ܿ죬ѪɫĪƵΪһ壬ȻʧĪƵ
ĪƵļ֮ͻȻһϤףϤȻǰ֮ħ꣡
ţһζβȱļĵӰһĪƵʶֱײĪƸоǳܣǴ˿ܶܿܣֻ̣
һͻ
ĪƿһѪĺ˺ħһһֱ˼ɱ磬ɱħ磡
ʮ
ĪޱĿѪɫ˺Լһģһ
˾սʮһսɫ䣬ѣ
˲ʮ֮Уܣ֮ˣ
С꣬áѪħ󷨡˼ħأһѪħӡǣһ֣֮󣬻ֻͨͶ̥תסİʥصңһ죬һġ
ս뺮꣬ͳȥˣûп̽
һӵʱ䣬ħѾõԼҪѶϢ
ȴǧ꣬ڵȵǸˣ
ܿ죬վħƲסԼһ˵ĪƵĻ
˳ħ׵εζ¡
ĪƱסĺýý
Զſ֣
ĬĬᣬᣬֻΪǰȴ˶
ΪԼ˶
ǧ˼͵ȴᣡ
״ȻͿⲻŵһĻ
ĪƵõǶμ֮ѪħϢĪһǳ϶Ƕμ֮еѪħǰǰŮ˾ԼǰŮˣ
ȴǧ꣬һǧ겻䣬Ϊ˵ȴԼ
ĪƲҶǼٵģһʵĻĪĪһӳܲˣ
ĪҲıħ꣬ĪڽܲǰŮӣĪ֪ҪԼס
˵ȴǧ꣬ѵһӵô
˶û˵ôӵ
Ҳôţûȥ˼ҡ
ħ˫ĿգĪƵţůͷǧ˼͸ޱȵҸ
˱˺þúþòŷ˿
飬ħ굽˭˵㲻ʶ
ʼʱûϳǻûòڵľħ귽̽Ѫ֮ʱɢҲ֪ħݣħħŮҲħ幫
Īǵʲôݣ
ĪѪħһħ£Ҳħõֵܣ
ϢַһѣСǰǺֵܣǺֵܣ

֮ħѾҵҪҵˣǹȥ
ħ껰䣬һʮƽ״ĺɫ̺ǰ
з
ɹȥȻ˶ûлʲôħʵ
ȫȥɡ
˷̺֮󣬸оƽһ㣬оڿС
ħָŷ̺֮г˹ȥ
˾ܿͰ
ħ귢һɫ֣˱棬ҽ֮ϣһëǽ֮ϣķӦ
һ֣ǿ
ǳǿ
Ͳռ
̺ٷУ˰ʱڵĿĵء
·ʮ
ʮʲô
֪Ϊʲô֮ǰѰ˶ûеõء
ռĶǿߣܴԽǧܴԽʮô
ҶңҺĪڣҪȻİˡ
ͣһ֮ǰ
Χһؽӡţеҽͻ𺣡
ֻħ֣һεĽͱǿһ޴ȱڣֱ̺롣
ֻмʮ׸ߣԣһݻٵĲȱĽֻʣ˵㡣
Ȼȱչǻ۵ĽᾧΪ죬ͨഴ
ԶʱûпƼûǿȫƾս޽Щʮľʯһȥ漣
ﱻ߷֣ߵأ˹ŰҵĻʹڱŰͽƣ
ħ꽫͵ڣﱻĳǿ˽ƣ࣬ǽȥģԣСѩҾͲȥˣ˽ȥɣһСġ
ַЩ⣬ħ꣬ΪʲôҺĪƿԽȥ㲻ܣ
ħЦǵѪڳ˯ûмҵѪСѩѪŷǳصĳͻȥӲᱻɱŶСèҲܽȥ
ħ꿴˿СѩеСè
ַ绹뱧Сèȥħôһ˵ַֻա
û˻ħĻ
Сѩǳ⣬ǳϲǰŮˣ˽ȥֻ֮ܺŮһ
ʮ׸ߵʯǳģַ硢Īƴ˽ȥ
ڽʶɨ֮£ûκΣյģַǳġ
ַ磬ҵ
Īƣҵ
Сѩħ˼ͬʱڡ
˶һۣСѩһħ꣬һ߱Сèȥˡ
ħЦںڵɢһ˿Ϊ˾ɱ⡣
ʯǳģǰ˰ף˿յʯ֮ûκ쳣
յͼʾҪʮŸʯҲҵȥڶͨһ·ûκΣգȻ˶֪ħȻǽȥǾͽȥĹȫɱˣ
ıȴò
ħľһֱڼˣʲôⷢħһʱ˳
һ㣬˲֪СѩҲ֪ڵΪҲӦ
ڵһ㣬ǴŸҩģѾħľˡǧǰѪħħסʮ꣬оϵ䣬һжһ
ħս֮ħ걻ӡ֮ءħϧʮŽӡһССȱڣԼŮħȥ
Ȼħʮ깦ħȥΪ˵ȴĪƣһҪҪҵħǱħߣȴħɳһ̶ȣħȡħ
ħӡ֮ء֮һֱȴѪħ֣Ƿݲرͼħ˼䣬Щ̽Ѱء
ħҲ֪رͼᱻߴߴʦȥӶûʷĳ֮Уǧô˶ѡ

ڶһңָĿ
˶׷˸ϲĽ
ý
ѾȻǳĽ˷ѣ
㿴ѵ滹ԵĹǸռĶʦҲ첻

һᣬʼ˷ܣҡͷ̾Ϣ
ǲϵĻ˿ռһЩԺãﶼǳ͵ϵʶ棡
ַгħĪѪħʦӰ˶ıȤ
Ȼ˵ӰһӰΪӰıȺãҲӲӰǿ

ȫˣղؼѣ
ַ˼ѺõǬ
ԥĽʣµȫЦɡ
ƾʧĪƶַЦЦַļܶϰΪ
㣬ƿʯԺһ޺˶Ĥʹ
ռǧƽףмһ޴ˮأˮ֮ðİɫЩռ䡣
˵ĺ룬˶оԼһ̹
ȪˮֽС
СٻĵʲôУֲȪˮȪˮ㼤ʲô
Լһӡ
СٻҲǴһż찡Ȫۣ

ַ˶ϲˮʲôȻ˵עڴˮ֮Ĺϣ
СٻôһַףϼһＤĶһǾ
Ҫõ֮ǰȹ˹أ
ȫ˼̣һŴٱĴһ㣬ÿһһѷĳΧɢǿԴϢȪˮϢ
һֱˮ֮εǰ˫ˢڰߣ廹ڳֱ壬ŭš
ֻǳżŭ𣬶ûдˮ֮гޱȵ˶
Ȫˮ⼸꣬뿪ǸӣͻŲ
СٻҪɱܣɱĻȪ۾ͻȪˮͻһ̶ˮο˵ΪɱΨһľշշĿԱɱĿԻС
ˣǣסȻһȥȡˮȡһˮǺˣǵҲһĸ죬շ˰ɡ
Сٻ˵ˣַ绹ʲô취
ַ˿е뷨ҪշصȪˮᵽǬ


һ ħ¼Ԫ 


201 
Ȫˮʹ˸׹ǳ֮ܣȻ˵ЩţǵȷʥҩֻҪ˲ֻҪһȪˮڶʱڸԭûκθãĻܵõĵ
ַ֪Ȫˮ֮ҲһȪˮ൱ߵĵڶﾹȻһȪҲֻҪȪڣȪˮͻԴԴϵ
Ȫˮ
ȻǴ˵еȪˮ
ĪƺСѩַĻҲǴһ𾪵Խӣ
ȪˮֻǴ˵еĴڣû뵽侹ȻУоͲ˵ˣһǣ
˶۷Ź⣬͵ĹޣжսȻ
ַҪ嶯޵Ķ֣Ȫˮǧ꣬ȪˮȪǻıѾԼʶȻ̫죬ǲ֣ܶ취ȥշֵĻֻȡһȪˮҪȪ
Ȼ˵̸ǳСǸΧ֮⡣
Ī쳣ԾĿַ磬ȪˮֻҪһܳ׵һ˵õȫ죬㾹ȻôݣֱҪȪ
磬θ󣡹ֲʥŮݡ
ĪܣʥŮʲô붼Ǵĳ
񶼿˴磬շȪƵġ
ַˡ
Īƹⶺַ棬ҲŶַĳݺΣ
ĪԼļݺ͵λ൱ĸߣռ֮󲻿һ
˸տʼʶַʱ򣬰ַûз
˶ַ˽⣬һδεĶַĿ࿴ַ۷ֵַܡ
˳Ϊֵܵʱַ绹ûںĪǰչֳǿֵһһξΣգַչֳǿĪ˹Ŀ࿴
Ҫǣֵַ壡
ʼʱַĪƵĴ磬ĪƲ̫Ϊʱַ绹ûбֳ۷
Ǻ䵱ҡϣ֮֮սĪᵽֵ飡
ֵܿΪԷȥֵ֮Թ޻ڵĸ
ʱ򣬺ĪƲ϶ַǵĴ磡

ȪĹַ磬Ҫôշ
ַʱҲûа취֮Ǵ򲻹ģùҲܴһ롣
ȪĹﶢ࣬зǳƣˣò׿˻ĶңôͲأ
һĶַ˺ţ˼ǹȥַ빥ǣ
ӳżַ취ôȥӽշż
˺͹ô۵Сۣ
Ǳʲô
ʱ֮зȪұߵɽǰиԼԼʯţʯźɽڻȻһ壬ϸĿ
⵽ʯȪǳʮңôľ룬кܴܻṥˡ
˾ȥ˵ʯ֮ʲôء
˵עڹϣСʯŵķ򿿽
￴Լ߿һϲɣǲҪȪˮҪҾ͸Ǻȶ٣ֻҪǰҴطͺá
˷ܵĽţȴ˵ĵ
ַ˿צĲȫ֪ǹ˷ܵı֡
ܣСˣʱܹǡ
û£磬Ȫ
ֵͬˡ
￴˿Լˣסʮסʮסʮס
ʮ׵ĵطȴͷұߵɽȥ
һסˡ
Ǹɫʯ
ŭǧ𿿽ʯţ
ŭǺ⣬ΪҪµĲӿˣ
ʯʮԶͣ
Ȼǽַͣġ
϶ʲôƣĳصĽ磬ҵʶȷɨ費
飬ʲô˼ɨ費˵˽磿
ǣǸо
ַо
СٻһЦˣûʲôƣУҲǰϵ磡
ַԲɫһ䣬䣿ַֻӵӰ￴ϵЩǳĿֲѵⶫУ
СٻҵʶҲ̽ⲻʲôСΪϡ
ַĪʹ˸ɫַǰ棬Ī࣬˳ǰȥ

ַͻȻо²ԾȵʲôǻȻ̧ûзʲô
磬ôˣ
ĺĪƸоַǳĽţæʵ
ַûôֻǸоЩŶѡ
ַȷûзʲôǱʶܾﲻԾ
ȪĹĺˣ˫͵ͻȫ罣ļɢǿϢƺʱ
ַûһ¶оЩԣһЩ棬ýʶɨ裬ûзʲôס
ĪƿַСģҲɵĽȫǺˮ
岽ȥû£һ䡭

ַһʱо˲ԣһɴ޻Ϣǰյʯַ֮Χʯھ˹ȥ
ţɫâɫĹâʯ֮һڣγֲͬԵĹĻַ˰
龪󣡡
ߣ
ַ͸оԣʯɢϢ֮ʱַ͵תƴ˺ĪƵؿڣ
ĪƸ벻ַͻȻϮֱ˶ߵķһȥ
ڿлû£ͿվĵطĻĻ֮ʯ˲仯Ϊĩ
ǲɵ
硭ͬʱʹĴ󺰣ܹĻַȥ
ַһѾм䣬ԭϮΪ˾
ͺʶԼµصķȪ
ǹڳŴŭţȫž죬
ĪΪ˻ᱻԵп־ӡ
ǹȫˣ䵽Ȫ
䵽ȪϷűַ˵ԭ˵Ȫˮϴӣȫÿһϸޱȵ̹
Ǵ˿ûȥ壡
ȥȪˮֻҪϴû£ˮҲҪ
˸յȪԾϰȥ׼Ӫַ磡
˻ûüжͱԱߵĹһצĽȪϱʩһֽƣһ
Īƺͺ䱻Ȼתȫ޷忪ƣˡ
ֻס˺ĪƣûˣͻȻַķ޺һϼ֧ķȥ
ַĻۺϾͻеһУ
СٻҲûа취ɱһ
ǽ鸽ſǿǺǿ
ĻַˣȪˮβõģȪˮ
ȪˮǴ˵ôȪˮǴ˵еĴ˵ˡ
ڽ׼֮ʱַ翴ѹ⽣ݺݵĴ
䣡
֮ʱ֮еϢһңȻΧһıը汻ըӡ
󷨾Ȼƿܿһָֻƽ
硭
Īƴ˿ѾָɣϰȥѰַ硣
ܿ죬һӵײѪַ̧˳
˿̵ַѾӽԵȫڱը֮бըķ飡ϣȫûһĵط
걻鱣ַû
Īƶһۣ˶˵ַ̧磬Ȫ
ַоĴԸоõٶţַ֮ٴα
ȪȪȪˮˮ
ȪеĹַ磬Ǵʱȴǹ
ѵǹΪԼˣ
оַ뷨ʲôЦȪˮô˵ĻȪͻģֻǷΪ˾㣬ʧȥ̫࣬˯˶ѣǧġ
ˣַ磬Ȫȥȡıɡ
ַܸоʲôԣ飬ΪʲôȪĹﲻɱǣǣô£
治֪
飡㲻Ҫ˵㲻֪ңôһ£
ַоƭԼ϶֪ȪˮҲ϶֪
ҵע⣬ͽûйϵ
СٻǹȪػޣͬʱҲػޣȪԭǾ½ػ֮ǰԼıȪˮ֮һȪˮֱȪˮȪˮȪˮȪˮ֮дػޣȪˮ޻ޣȪˮ֮дػޣȪˮػǾ½ػߵһʶ½ػ߾ػߣػô˺ࣿ
ػ޵Ǳʶֻ֮ᱣ࣡ʼǸսʱǺٻǣеٴٷŭûиоɱûаɣǸղҪǸʯ棬ѾӦϹʮ֮һġ׷ѥҪõ֣
ʯſڱӡǵƲ󷨣Ψһƿ󷨵ľȪػޣػ޲ƽ޹ʵȥƿ󷨣ΪػҪ󷨣븶
СٻĽַͣŭԣңֵȥȻػȻ֣ػƿ󷨣ǾͿԵõ׷ѥԲԣ
ûɱػޣҲòȪһ˫ȫػҲˣҲƿõ׷ѥ
ַǳŭΪʲôң
СٻԣǸػΪ˾ǶǾ飬ַô
ҲԸҪȪ׷ѥ
ַѾ׽Сٻˡַ֪СٻΪԼַ绹Ƿǳŭ
ΪԼػˣôػǾԼЩǽСٻƵģ
Щܡ
㻹̫ˣԲĵط
ַЦһ㶼ǸҲֵҶôҵĵˣԶ֣
飡СٻԺʲô¶Ҳ֪ţһԼϵ
СٻЩĵǻӦ
ǣǶǵľ棬ǣ
СٻַĻˡǳַԣıַԣһġ
ƿʯҵĴš
ʯҷǳСֻʮƽ״С
ǽ֮ϵһ˫Ϸͼɢ͵Ĺâռ䡣
ǽ֮£һι̨̨֮ϣһɫı䣬侲̨ϣǧһֱδ˿
Сٻ׷ѥھ챦棬ȥ򿪰ɣ˭ܴ򿪣׷ѥ˭ˡ
챦ȫ׷ѥ׷ѥǸ׷ѥҺСٻһѡˣһеҪ¿ʼ
Сٻǰʮص㣬׷ѥûǹ͵ٶ֮ϣνǾ½һܵõ׷ѥκ˶ٶȣսҲᱶ

Сٻַ˰죬ַļѣõ׷ѥôԺ˭׷Լܵ
ַ罫СٻͽĻԭĸ˺Īƣ
챦䣡
׷ѥ
˶𾪲ѣ
磬ɡĪƶһλøַ硣
˶ף˭˭󣬽һ
ַЩŵ챦ǰ
챦׷ѥһ֣׷ѥþ챦䱣ԼֻԵ˲ܴ򿪣
ַָմ֮ʱһǳӡǣСӣܵõţȴô꣬췢ùˣҲóȥ͸͸ˣҵҲϸҺǼһﲻ


202 ׷ѥ
ַ׷ѥĻЩϲ׷ѥַˡ
ĻֱӰַ
ʲôħѪ׷ѥһ޺𣬡ɣҲɣʹ޵ľǾħǸ˵ҲˣٴħҴɢ
˭أ˭ɢү˵һ顭ĺַꡣ
ǰСѥӣùС𣿡СٻҲ졣
׷ѥ󾪣ǬСţ
٩СѥӰСţоү
׷ѥŭСٻСţǲҪ̫ˣһģٺ١ҵˣѾΪʼ״̬ҲŲأ۸ңҵҪʲô£
Ц㻹ЩүүСٻ̶ˣȵǹԭһ죬죬Ǻúõľ۾ۡ
׷ѥȫǸ˭˭ѽǸԭҲǧԺˣӵȵӲŲǡ
׷ѥ˵£Եľ⡣
ˣɣԺ˳磬
УСţҿɲ㣡ǸԸħΪ飬ҲŲҪҪҲҪѡһˣħħħͷħһŵħζҾͶġ
治ϣЩв
׷ѥϣҲϣԶСһģʮĸ㣡ҸһŶûУСٻ㲻Сôôһ𣡡
Сٻûĵʲô£͹
쵰
ŭ졭
ʮͽʶַǾȣַĳ϶ݺݵĽѵʮ׷ѥԽѵݣ
ַ𾪵ľʼˡ
Իﶼð˳ֱַӱ
ûûûˣַŭˡ
ұ죡ַš
ַȷˣͬʱҲ뿪˾챦䣬׷ѥʶûϵ
ѽô
ַʧܣϳĪơ
ĪƵָշŵ챦֮ϣĪƵʶﴫһŭ𣬡ѪħѪҹжԶԶ
ģӹ
Īƾ겻ƿ֡
׷ѥձСٻ۸زоĪѪħѪħһģܺô
Īһ죬֮ҡͷЦʧܶա
Щŵ챦ǰ
ܶʧˣԼҲûϣ
ࣿٶȺͽսûѧϰκμܡһ㣬ΪҲܲĽ˼ˣСӣҾˣȻ˵Ŀ껹ʮǧϲ㣬Ҿҵˣ쵰

ûзӦ֪ʲôռһԼǰľ챦Ѿʧ
һĽɫѥշڿлȦ֮󣬻һû˺üġ
ʱоԼȫսһַٶȵ
ָоǳãƺִǰһƬ󺣣ֻҪһܵﺣĶ棡
·Լԡһ죡
׷ѥںʶСӣ˵̫磬ȻδʧҵٶҲǸΪӳɣǿʹҵΪͳܲˣ
лǰָ̡
׷ѥǳȫ׷ѥǰˡַһͺͽСٻ
շ׷ѥ˳ʯңȪߡ
ԺĪƵȻԽȪߣǣ˴ӿռָóƿƿ޹װˮ
˰ЩװŵҩƿӶȫ˳ĵҩֱӶˣٺõĵҩǸܺȪˮȣ
ַ粻װװˣͽӰߣ
ᵽɡ
УǬʲôûУ϶Ҫᵽ
Сٻҿø㣬ȪҾԲø㣡
飬㻹ǲǸˣ
˼ֻǸʶ壡
㡭
ô㲻
޳ܡ
һΪȪֳַͷѡ
˰ûн
˵ģ˵˭˭ô
ãô죬
ˣҺʶ磬ϵҲǳãƽʱʲô¶չ㣬㼸ȪˮͰᵽҵľռɡ
ˣȻʶʱ䲻ϣ֮ǣѡ㣬ǬװȪҲ˽ȥһŵľռ䣬͸ûˣȪ۶
鼱æͣˣҾԲȪۣҷֻõȪˮѡ
ˣˣСٻ
鲻ĵΪʲô
СٻʲôûУıôľռģֲǴűģҪȪˮĻȥã
Сٻⲻѣ߲ѡ
ַܸоСٻһСһ
Īװ˰ʱȪˮѿռָװģ˻װ˺޲ýȪˮȫװߣûеطȥװˣ֪ˣʱüռָ
磬ôװء
˷ѹ֮󣬲ŷַһֱԴ
װˣ͸װˣ
ַҪ֣СٻԼȪȪ۲ôȡģһŪûȪۣ
ַüһ֮⣬֮˲һʮֱǬ֮ţڱը޵֮Ȫ˹ȥ
ȪˮһεǬ֮ӿ˹ȥ
Ƭ֮䣬ľһ롣
ǰĪװ˰ʱˮȪˮ٣ǬһɣһȪˮ
Ȫˮ֮оһҫ۵ɫȪۺȪˮһ𱻾Ǭ
ȪʧռͻȻһӰȪΧʣµĵطһƬڰ
ȪȪʧò˶û
ҵȻ֪СٻҸоԲĵ»ɽǸ֮ʱĽƶȪά֣Ȫȡߣһжû
ǬȪֹ֮ͣɣعַꡣﻹʣ֮һȪˮ
СٻʣµȪˮάĻһ꣬ɣȴԵȡɡ
ַףȡĻ
ѾȥȪۣԺȪˮͻԴԴϵԼ
ַǬ֮ǬѾСٻһˮأȪԴԴϵȪˮ
ȪǬǬһƬɫ
ַò˶ãȪͻǬĿռ͵ʳ׵ĸ죡
˳˽
̽ջʢ
ַõ˴˵֮еȪĪƺħϣõʮ֮һ׷ѥ
˳˽һƬڰ֮еĻɽȫϨ𣬽ҲһЩϨҽ
Īơ
ַ硭
Ů˿Լ˶ϲĳ˹ȥ
ħĿĪƣĪƣҵѾռļޣôһֱѹƣΪ˵㡣㣬Ѿʹ˳ռ伫޵ڱˣħô½㡭
ĪƵұħô½ˣڵȴżϢǱضڣ
ĪƲ䲻ȵ̬ȣħףѪħתһĪƽԼǲܵģ
ħţֻҪѪħѪȫѵһ죬ĪһصԼߣ
ռһ˺ѣһ޴ĺڶħ˽ȥ
ħҶǼģһ˿ԱŴҴӻɽȺԽ
ռûκ˿Կ⣡ֳ޵Ӧռ䣡
ħʹռͻᴥռķ򣬱ǿд͵һռ䡪ħô½

ʧҲó̺ͽǰС
һ߾£
ħ÷ֻ̺ǰʱ͵˲оȻ£
˺ò״ǧ׵ֱֱµĶоߵԼ
ߴɵߴڣ
䵱΢Цſַ磬ţض˰ɡ
ַ絭ĵʦصȷѱȡ
ѹסĶļʵʲôأùҿ
ַóһƿȪˮڡ
ڽӹƿԺ󣬴ƿǣһƿɢ
ô
λֻǱһ͸оȫ̹ٱ
⵽ʲô
һʥˮ
ʥˮ

ߴڸжϣԲ²⡣
ַȪˮ
Ȫˮ
ߴһ
ʲôȪˮ
˵һξȪˮ

ߴھ֮£æַ磬Ȫˮ˶٣
Ȫˮ滹ô
ߴڵĿⶼıַ硣
ַ粻ĵ滹һӣֻǰѴĿռָװ˶ѡλʦҪĻֻȥúˡ
䵱ڵַ磬Ҽǵи޷ΧĻɽشܶǸ߽׹ޣҽôͨģ
ַȣЩãɽУǶϨĻɽҽޣûֱ˽ȥҵȪˮװ˿ռָȻ˳
ߴʦַ̫Ļ
Ǽ˸Ǵ·
ַˣ˼£ѵҪ߽ȥ
ôǲԸ⣿
ַң
ַ䵱ڵڣһ²ǽȥѰѾʱ䣬λ֪Ǿû棬һλھţҷǳ档
䵱ڵǸĵͼ֮ǵϢ˸ӦǵϢڲͣƶǿ϶û棬Ѱҵ˱ء
ַƣ˶֪
ĪƣСѩȻ䵱ɣҺȥһˡ
룬˵ͷַλȥͺˣȥ˶Ҳûʲô塣

ĪƺСѩߺߴںַһǸɲĶڡ
˶ַ֮ᳵ·ĴߴڴԹĶѨ˻ɽȺش
ռһƬ죬ߴڿѾϨĻɽȺ಻ѡ
ͬʱ룬֪ͽȵǣıȡˣ߸˻Ҫƽ֣
Ǹλڣûзйߣ߹ȥĻҪµʱ䡣
ߴȫٻԼޡ
컢

汪

߸ޣĸǵ汼ܵޣǷޡ
ַ䵱ڵĳǰٷȥ
ϵϵ޶档
ʮַ֮ߴڵȪ
ߴڿӵȪˮȫĲѣȫԼݺ󣬷ĳ˹ȥ
ÿ˶ӿռָͳƿƿ޹ޣƴװˮ
ߴɵߴڣǴ۽磬
һ̶ЦߴڵĶߴڼæͣеĶתͷ
䵱ڵɽɽ̩ɽɽڣڡȫˣ
ǰһŮЦô궼ûгˣû뵽߸ϲĻʶǣ
˵λǻʡС
ţ߸ϲĸպȫҿ߸˰ɣ˽ĳˮȫˣ
һ£ɫǳ԰ףûһ˿Ѫɫ۾ݣĨ˺ɫӰһ㣬͸ǺĿ£һĶ
ǹڡʡ죡
˵ȻһҪȻɺЩʿ֪ӵȪˮǵҲù


203 
ʶ̽⣬ȫʾĸ֣
Ǻԣ󳬼ɵûаߴɵڷ
ڵǱһεĴڣ󳬼ɵͿߴɵڣ󳬼ɵڸǿ
ȻͬΪʾĸ֣ڼĲǲɱġ
䵱ŭС˲Ϊǲɣ
ʵСΪͳɳ˲ɣ²ǵ⣬Ҫ
ʵĻ䣬ûκ׵ĳ֣һӰѾ䵱ǰѾס䵱ڵʺȻһ̧䵱ھһֻ
䵱沿Ǻ죬һϢд㡭
Ļû˵䵱沿Ƥ˺ɫ
ȫ𾪣𾪵ַ磡
ַ粻ʽ飬䵱ʾתʾתֻת䵱ôûл֮
ֻûлַ֮оɱ䵱ʦһֻô򵥣
ԽߣһĲ޷Խĺ蹵һ˾Ϳɱߴڣ
ַޱȣߴַûйϵַԼôӣ
飬취ôӣַһսûС
Ҹ֮⣬
˭˵ûУֱӽﲻͳˣСٻͻȻð
˼˵ַǬ
СٻַڵΪ޷ǬҵǬҲ޷һ˵ĴڣǣǬȪֻҪС㱣סֱַַ꣬Ȫ£ֻǽǬʱַܵһ㴴ˣֻҪȪˮǻʲô
еСٻа취֪ǬҪװ˵Ļᱩ©ռ䣬һĸַĴڣ㲻ˣ
ôĸܷҵĴڣұҲһǿֻΪǸҲңΪô
СٻͽĶԻַڰġ

ʿŹʣϷӴ簡겻;һǹϲϲ
˵ţŤƨڹ߻ȥüŪ۵Źʡ
˳ڻʵƨһѣƤЦⲻЦĵŰ겻Ҳ٣ùҼʶʶһ¡
˿˲֪߳ܵĴжżƤ񣬶һֽ˱һٵĳ嶯ֻܶţ˱濴ȥûʲôɱʵĺûˣ
ЦѽȻʶõֶΣþ׳ˡ
˵꣬Ӱһڿȥ
ǻɽֵڣ˿˿׷ȫתŹͷ޴Ļʹڽʹ򻨻ӭȥ
ɽʹʹǻɽ߾һУ߱ħĽӰȻҪռĹ򣬽֮˺ѳһϸСĿռѷ죬޿ռȥ
ʹõǽʮƣʮ죬޵ı򻨻ʳȥ
ǹʱʹеģҪȻˣ
ʲ㲻ۿǵصĻ֣́ǰĻ۵һ㡣
λڵеĹȻıķͬʱײһ͵ڻɽں໥ڹʣ
תƺܲûľŵ찲ȫֻתƱΪ͵ߵĹΪһ߸ߵģתƲˣкʺȺս
ַͷ
䣡
ڵľкͻɽڵľкһͬʱɣѪز𣬲֪
ʵӰһгһɫժںͻɽڵķȥ
ܿ촫ƺߣ
һӵʱ䣬䵱֡ɽ
ɽʣɽʣ̩ɽ̩ʣɽʣĸΪɾȻаΪ飡ǿɳܣɺޣ
㣬ʣΪɵĴȻ֪ܵĸаۣͬǱΪ顭
˿̣ʣµĴ޵ĲɱڵĻʺ͹ʣĴɵ
ʲδŭĵа֮Ҳһƽ⣬аˣΪûս𣿵ʱֻ֮ѡս֮ɱﵽһ˶Խܵƽ⣡һ㣬ûλãǲᶮġ
üŭааʲôƽ⣬ֻЩαҵһЩڰˣ
ڴ𣬡ɳ綼Щ
Щαӣ£ȴ֮£ҪǷϻˣƴˣ
ַҲŭߴɺɽɽȶɣô˵Ļ
Сٻʲû˵Թаûһһȫˣһ󣿡
ȷûУ
ַ簡ȵﵽһľ֮ͻף籾һƽ⣬аħأ밵ƽҲ޷ƣ˭ͻƻƽ⣬ƻ˹򣡡
һƻңʱתʧ⡭
ַԺƶǶ
Ĵڸŭ죬Ĵ
ɽɽ̩ɽɽĴͬʱ֣ÿֻһоͽĴɱ
ɱߴڣż伤Ȫߡ
Ȼ쳣ǱȴʲôҲľȻҪߴǿϲһ硣
ףʲôɽüͷš
԰ǸСأ
ַ磡
ֳûַӰӣ
󶥼ʵƤߣĶֶܣ
ޱ𺧣
ָһСղžǸطվţ
ԣˣ
ôƾʧˣ
ѵС֮ͨ
ͬʱΧĻûκ쳣Сʧˣ
ʵСҼһϣ֮ǵĹھ
ʵûҲַ磬ͽܵһ۷ǳߣһϣ֮߳İ˸ˣȫСӣСм͵ģ
ʵǺηʥʼһֻϣӳȥô˵аɱߴɵڣ˻ô
ʵȷûţСӷɱɣ˵ɱߴɵûţ˵ȪˮĻ˵˲ô
Цûⱦصͼߴɵģһô˶ţַ绹Ǵϣ֮߳Ĺھ˵ĻŶȱߴŻҪߣߣһʥؽûзˣַҪʥص˵£˵˵ǻʲô
˵һԲ£߸ϣʥ֮⣬ûаʲô
ʥأÿɶսĴڣ
Դ˱ɱ
ʵ䵱ˣҿһߴɵɱɱ
ɽʵŶʲô
⻹򵥣ַߴõĵͼߴߴŶַ֪õ˱ػ˳ȥߴڶˣ˵ʲô⣿
˼ˣַ˶̱أɱߴڣ
ʱǻɱֻҪӰѾҳַ磬ɱַ磬һж
пַ˵ɱߴںȪˮûˣٿĪ磡
ЩĵҿǶҵĻţһСĻţ

˿̵ַǬȪˮ֮СʱǬϽַ˲Ǭֿµ˺Ϳռѹһƺַѹɷĩ
ֱַӱѹıΣȫ飬ϸʮ̹˹ȥ
ʱַʶޱȵⶼǾڷãַһֱڳ޷ܵʹ࣡
ǽ鱣ַַ꣬ʶ
ǽ鱣ַ꣬ӲĽַ糶Ȫڣ
ַоԼԵǻһڽȪ֮еʹ඼̹޾ҸС
ַҸеͬʱ̸
ַԽԽľ
ҪԼأ
ߴɺԼɱ
пνǺݣǳĺݣ赶ɱˣ޺ۼ
ʥص˲֣ڲҲ岻֣
οʱʥص˾Բһʦ桱ˣ
ַԼĵ̫ǿˣԵĿǶ󳬼ɣ
ÿɵĵӶʮϣ
ַһ£ȻȪ裬ܿ˯ˡ
ַ˾ôûãǰ˵

ʼֹȪˮȪȪˮѾַռ֮ȪҲװǬʣµ֮һַ¸ĻɽȺλǿµĽõģ
ʣµ֮һȪˮͻݣ
ݻôַҲڴˣ
ǬѾϣַ֮󣬻ĳ䡣
ռ䲢ǬԲܶһĻӲʶɨ裡
ԣַֻܵȣһ֮󣬲뿪
ʼװȪˮ
װװţͻȻоɽһ󶶶
ȵȣʼæֹ˴Ҽװˮ
ȻùֹҶͣеĶÿ˶оɽ΢΢
̩ʵĵǿԶɽ֮
˷׷׵ͷ
ɫ΢䣬ɽѣĻɽȺȫǶڴˣ
ĪǣȪˮйأ㵽ص㡣
ʵͷɽ󷨽ко֮ʱһֱڰй۲ΧĻһвȻһλĴһĹ֮ʱеĵطĳֽƣĻʱݱǧ궼ı䣡ΨһıؾȪ
Ҷ֪κνƺͽ綼ΪʱƶɶлΪʲôеĽƶı䣬𣡶άЩҪǳӴǵصףǳϡ٣ʹĽάǧ겻ֻȪˮ
ʵĽͣ˶ˣùȪˮͻ
ʵѾõĲˣǧˣʣµģͲҪˡ
˵ͷ
̩ʱһⲻףΪʲôûȪۣ
̩ʵĻ˼
ĵܲ˵֮еȪˮôô
ضȪۣ
ûзȪۣ
ôֻһܣȪ۱ˣ
Ȫ۵ˣ϶ǵһˣ
ͬʱ뵽ַ磡
ЦæôãõĶַСˣ
ЦãַСӳᱻɱȪˮȪҲǵ֮
߰ɣѾûдıҪˡ
һʱַ֮ٴγ֡
ãʱ򣬲ûʲôʹࡣ
ַȻ䵱ҵĪƺСѩȻʼǵģ
ȥˣǸ׷ɱַ磬ַӶӲˣ
Сèַûзйߣֻͽߡ
ַٶȣ֮˳
ص˵ַ翴һըٵķɻһѪģˡ
ַ֪ǸԼ˹ķԱ
ֳַ˸ӣ
ַĿͺͺսĸо
ôȥ


204 ɱ쵰
ôôأֻأ
ף
ַ磬ַͻȻԼռָֻ
˭أڴ䵱Χʱˣ϶Ѿ´ߴɵ˿϶׷ɱԼ
ַͻȻһˡ˾
ι˾֡
˾ַæŶԭϴκ̸ǵôˣ
ַһȻֻǵ˾Լģǹҵİȫϵͳ˾ûе֪Լĵ绰
ôֻ˵һ⣬˾Ǳʲô״߲㡣
ַԸıһ¿ļ۸ٵһɵĻҾˡ
ţǺãǾˣͬҾ͸㷢㣬ȹĿʲôϰ˵Ҹ绰̸
õģټ
ټ
˵绰ַ֪˾ϰ˵Լ绰
˾ôţ绰ֻͨһܣ˾Ĵǳã˵ߴѾ˾
ַõԼĵ绰ǹҶ绰
ϰ˵㣬ַĵ绰ˣ˾ĺ룬ʾܵ绰
ַ磡
˾֣ôˣ
ַ磬㵽״˾ˣǰһ˵ϣ֮߳һΪǸͬͬյһַ磬֪֮Ҵ䵱ףأ˳ҲճճĹ⣬䵱˵ȥѰˣҾͻȥˡ
ǰ죬ߴϵҵңϣұǣҵϼѹҾ͸ˣЩ϶ҲûʲôáȻҾͱҹӣ
Ҳ֪ԭѰҵ˱أɱߴڣ̱أǴ˵еȪˮ
˶㣡׷ɱ㣡ߴҪ㱨⣬˶ΪȪˮ
ַ磬һǲģ
ַЦ˾֣˵ǲˣ
˾Ҳ£˵ģ
ʵǲĲҪʵÿ˶ΪȪˮɱҵ˶ǴΪֳĽںȡҵȪˮѣ
ţַ磬ܺͨ˵ںܰȫͼɣٶ㼸£ȷˣϵ㣬ȻһȪˮͺá
ãʱҸһͰ

ǵģһͰĻԸһ㣬ȪˮϴҲԡ
绰ͷֱԵ
˾ַͨѾףԼû·ˡ
˾һˣȻܶʱСǾԲǳѵˡ
ԣַŻڵһʱ˾ϵû뵽˾ˡ
ڵ£ˣַ粻֪ĪƺСѩôˡַ˿϶û£Ƕˡ
ַͨԼӦСèλãȻҲͨŮ派ѪӦСѩλãַоСѩСèһ
ַ΢΢ĸоСѩСèԼķ򻺻ƶ
ַʹŮ派ѪԸӦСѩͻӦ˹һϢ
ҺܰȫĪѾٻأصħô½˲ȥͼ˴Ѻ˻ȥԴˣرҪҸ˵Բ𡣡
ַףĪƵļٻ˲òȥַΣ֮Уֵַ磬ԲȥǼ˰˻ȥˡ
ַһжֵܣ
ѾسҴ˸ֹǰȥ㡣һ·ϱ٣ѾɱʮˣҪʱ䣬ȶҪǹȥмǡ
죿
ҺǾ죬ʺĵϴʱˣַᷢġ
ַʱǺܰȫġ
ǹŰǹʱķޣһߵС滷Ŀǰûַ֪һƬңҳʲôӣҲַ硣
ãûߣĻ䣬һµʿַǰ
ַ磬ǵȵĺÿࡣɽʣ
ʲûַ綯֣Ҳûַ磬˵ַֻһֻϣһžܲϣ
ʣô֪ûߣ
ʵ⻹򵥣ʱ򣬿ķɻɱ˷ԱķɻɻĴҲ֤ûзޡ滷ûзйôȥ϶
οʱǺһվȪǸռģˣܶԶװˮҲò˶ʱ䣬ѵǵٶȻ׷㣿ԣһ
ַͷûȻ֪ûгȥΪλ׷ɱң
ֻߴڵһĽͶѡ
ַЦȷɱңûôף
Сٻ죡ŭ
ʶѾɨѾ߸
ôεҪôǰʧ
˿̣׿ͬʱַ߳
Сٻſɵɣ
鼱죡
ַٴαǬٴαѹһΣܵʹַ
Ȫַ綼ͷ󺹣Ҳʹˣ
ӳɣ

ɵˡ
ַվʶʮ֮ģԶ˶ַʵĶ棡
ַôʧˣʧ֮ǰûκεԤף
ʹÿռ˲ƶʲôؼʹ֮ǰΧ
ַΧûУôһʧˣûһ㣡
ɵˣ
һ̻˵ôǰʧ
һַ̣ʧˡ
ͬʱĿڴ
Щ΢ŭ⵽ô£
ѵСͨݵصͨ
ŭУҲҪ͵ط
ʵ԰꣬ôַǰʧҾû뿪죡û뿪ôǾͼȣ
˵ͷʱЩ˵ͲʲôЩǿһչؾʮϣǵľһ궼û£ַ϶ûǸģ
ܲһô
ʺ޺޵ĵַ´γ֣һٽɱҪϻ
˶ʾͬ⡣
һɱôϵĿռƷΪ֮Ȼ͹С
˾͵ش

СٻСţô죿ѵҪطȥ
ȺŰɣǧҪһĻʶͻᷢ㣬š
ǬѾһųַ緽վĵطȻֻһ΢ĳܶ
˿ǰһͻᱻ֣ǺεһԾͻƶϺͲ뵽Ǭȥ
ַĲ˶õģСѩϾ֧Ԯˡ
ĵҪСѩ˲Ķأ
ַҲʶһ㣬Ů派ѪСѩϵϵ˰ȴϵϡ
СٻæˣҿҵĿռ㻹ͱϵСѩϵϣҵǬ
ַŭ˵æ죡
Ŷ㲻еûææҲá
ַ
һֱÿ˵ʶɨһ̣˳֣Ͼͻᷢ
ʮ죬磬΢䡣
ͬʱ۾ͷ˸߿ĳ
ֻһɫһŮŮбһɰСèŮָСè
أһλ׷ߣޱȹվŮ
ɽɽ϶ʶǰ֮ˣϣ֮ǣСѩ˺ַĹϵ
ַŮˣ
Сѩжð֡ʯ
ǰһСѩ֪СѩСˣкιɣ
СѩĿʣַأ
СѩŮ派ѪϵַҲϵϣָӦŮ派ѪĴڣ˵ַûַ絽ôˣСѩ֪
СѩͿ˶ͷַ֪ʧٺ˿϶йϵ
ЦСѩС㣬Լסǣ
СѩŭŮ
Ц˵ŮԼʲôֻһ߶ѣŮ

Сѩ̲סˣ֮һһѾ˻ʵǰ
һ򻨻ʴ˹ȥ
Ȱȡ
һʮĻ沿ףѪ
ʱʮ⣬֣оԼȫסͶˣ
ߴ֮ŭŻʣʥŮ˵Ǹ
Բ𡭡
һ㣡
ʥŮˣԲ𡭡
ߣξ㣬´Σǻڣ
ޱȣߵʲôˣ
Ҳ֪ߵǿǻƽΪˣռ䶥ǿʣʰתһʴԲˣҲһ½һʰת˿סҴĶ⣡Է֣
˿Ϊ𺧵ĻʣղλԼʱ򣬾ȻԼϢȫһ̣ʾ͸оԼĹһ㣡һͨˣ
ʼʱʯע⣬ڿԼܲӵ˶⣡
ʳϻ̳Ͽ֣ΪĶߵǰ񹦸˸񣬻ǰŸ֪ҵ֪ССһǰġ
ôסҵţұô
Բǡ
ҵǲ֪Ҳ֪
˵꣬ߵСѩ
ޱȵıŭգͬʱҲڿ־塣
Ǹ߸ϵ緭ΪƸΪڱһͷѵһ仰˵
˺ܲŭŭҲֻš
ַǬ￴ˬ߲ǵϣ֮֮ʱǸȵĻƽô
СѩĿ쳣ıĴɨʵһ飬ַأ
ַҪСٻͽֹ
ڳȥûʲôˣֻҪסһʱ䣬ʣµǸ˾ͻץסʱ˳룬޼ɵˣϵɵڣǶȫû
СٻûȪˮ˶֮ĿǰǱСѩ߾ɱȻӣ
ַôô
ڹغֹغȪˮȪֻۣҪطϵڣֻҪ˵Ȫˮĸ֣ڶģ
ûǸܵסȪˮջ
ַѵɵڶϣ
ҺͽûжϴĻ޷ԿĵˣѾϵԼɵ棬Ӧϣ
ûʱ䣬㲻

ǣַأСѩơ
ĵʥŮˣʵҲַ硣ַȡ˱ȪˮȪۣǱҵˣǾڼǰ˵İΧʧˡ
СѩЦַİΧʧˣ
ǣȷ˵İΧʧˣƾʧ
˶ͷ֤ûѡ
СѩŭС˵ΪַƤߣƾʧ
СѩţСѩ߸Ӳţ
ͷǺĲӦ˵ʵʵԼòţǱ˵϶ţ
СѩŭȣǾƲԳԷƣٲ˵Ҿͽȫɱ
ʿĵʥŮˣôƭ㣬˵Ķġ
СѩһļȣǲѾҪˣ౾УЩɱǶڵˣ죬պöڳҸպǵʵôǶȥɣ
ϣ鷳ˣ
ɱ쵰ˣ
СѩĽһŭȣһӻһ罫СѩУȻ˹ȥ


205 һ·
ڽϵռ֮оûĶ֣
ϣ֮ǣһоɱߣЩνһڽﹷƨǣ
ǰڽҲϰĴڣֻǱȽϴһ϶ѣ
Ͼɱɱ֮ǰҪСѩİȫ
ԣϸСѩʩչһ磬СѩڣԼųˡ
ͷ֮ͬʱʹڣʹ֮ϵ쳣Ӵ󣬵ǵ˿֮ʱɫķǳѿ
ϵͷ涼ûУ˾һ޴ĻʹڣΧɢʵ
ʴ󾪣㲻ռˣѾʵĴڣѾԹһڣ𣡡
𣡱Ҫ߳ʮ磡ҽԹһ
ЦǶˣҲʲôֻҵӡǧ꣬ѾѾľ磬ɱǣ㹻ˣ

飡
ѾˣĽǹ飬ҲǸ߸ϵ飡
ϴӹ˻ûзӦͱֱӴɣڿз׷Ѫڵء
һУˣ⻹ǽһУɼͽ֮Ĳࡣ
Ҳһ汳ģ
ʵλСѩԶСѩλó˹ȥȫһСѩķ硣

䣡
СѩķһɫʵȫһС֮һжǲûƿ֡
ʱķɣ
ϴŭ˿κλᣬڻʻû֮ǰ˹ȥһȭ˸͸
͸
ϵȭͷֱӴӻʵؿڴ
౻飬ǻʻûһ̣ʵԴֱӱ飬һʶһ顣
ȫɱ嶼ϲʹǿ壡
˿˱Ѫȵһ棬жֲѡ
һȫʬ㾹ȻʥŮ˲Ǿξ𣡡
һץһε߬С
һ룬ʲôֱӴ
ʣµףʵ걻飡
һˣֻء֮Ѿڴ˼ˣһû˿õǸȥ֮˵ǣǸ˵ĻǾͻȥһ磬ֻء
ǽȴܿ˵Ļǣ
걻飬͵Զʧ磬һжΪУ
ڲŸܵ˽ϵĿ£ֱĴڣ
ַﲻĽеһڸʲôɱ˾ɱˣҪƻĹ򣡴Ҫʥصˣ
ַ粻⣬ʥصˣ
ʥصػƬ½˵ռĽߣͻԶ͵ħô½񵱳ħһΪȥѰʹ˳ԽռԱ͵ħô½
ǰĽϷǳǿȥֿͣռ䣡ˣʥص˾ͻ֣ɱ߸ȥħô½

ɱ˻ʣ˹ȥ
նͻȻƹƵĵ㣬һɹӴѸٵĻۣᣬƺҪص˽ϡ
һľ޴Ĺϵķ˹
ɲһ磬٣֮д޵ҪݻǰһУ
ʹòռ췣
ɫЩ΢䣬˫ֻһӡյ˹ȥ
䣡
е类ı˷򣬴ӽϵ
һûнϣӶӸ߿֮غݺݵ
Ϊ㲻ɱҲὫˣ˿׵ĻٵȻˣ
һߣʣµ
ϵƨɺһ·𻨣
Ⱦܣÿ˳̵þˡ֮ٻԼޣϾӣ
ϲ£оԼôɲǼͻҷ
ٶôܺһȣôܺһĻƽȣ
ת֮Ѿʵӹϲûж֣ϵ٣
ûнϣȴʣֻоһ޿ɵ£ʲô֪ˡ
ͬµһ˷ɻң
ξ
ٵһССʸܲס
ˣ
δȵ
Զ֮ϣڵ˴˹
ϸͲˣʣµĴͬ³ȫ
Ϻ飡һжϣ
ӹڵڵɵڣ
ÿɷǣһΪѾʴԲռܵУ
ȫɢϵϣϵĸ߹󣡺ϵİ
ǣǿ֮ʱ׷׶ͣĿڴ
ͬʱʧ̬
ǺεݣľǺε֮ߣǿ֮ʱȴǾκˣþòƽ
Լɱŭȫ־ռݣ
˿վԭأƾϵϴһȫԼǿٵĴ
ͻȻףǰ˸ǿԿģٵÿ˶ܲסԼʦǷ֮ʱҲ٣ٵԼʦ֮ʱٵ֪ǿٱ
ȻϲĶˣǾһɣ
ϲ໰ֱ˵ķ˹ȥ
λ泦Ӷˣ˸յԼȪˮϢȲĳأһֱͣĸս
ǸͿԼİͽ׷ױɱһɳŭûзй͵üβܣ
˱ǳıըˣ
ôܱûĺã
һ֣ܣ
ûдϢأͱһŭ͵ܣ
ʲôʱޱȱͷŭ£
ܣܵùϵô
ʴԲֵܵסĹô
޴ʣǺܿǸоһ˫εĴֽǴ֮
صˤڵأǷ֣˴˵޶Ѫ
ֻôĶ֪
˵޶ǹô꣬˵ĵڶ˿̣ÿ˵޸Ա˺εģ
ģ
ǿǰ˵ǿѾǵ
ǿ
ɽذǰŹǰɣǺԩ޳ΪҪնɱ
ԩ޳𣿡ϵǧǰħսΪػึ˶ǧǧıѣУ㾹Ȼ˵Ǻԩ޳𣡡
Ƕ羳ߵˣɵڣԼЩɱ˶ˣ˵ԩ޳ǧǰػƬ½ͱħɣ֪ǧһֱڶԸ壡Ȼ츣Ů洺˶Źϲľף˵Ǹòɱ
鶼ˣ
ǿߣԱߵŮ϶Ů洺ˣ
˲֮ˣˣֵ̫ˡ
Ѿˣˣô罫ңһ겻񣡵ʱлɳˣԻ磡
ķӡѾɶȫٴ½룡
ʱս죡˼
ɽЦ屾Уǧǰħս屳ħһҪ࣡ߵڰ׾Ȼ˵౳壿ػֱ̫ࣿЦˣ
Цô

ɽֱӷ˳ȥϳһɫӡе˼š
˿ʼնԭأûж
ٶȣռе
ŭ⼸ϲģǲμӹħսӲμӹӱЩ˵黹ǿ߷ӡǧ꣡ܲ𣡡
ɽŭ屳ǱӡǾȡҪΪǿɱǣǾ㣡ɱǣԶı䲻屳ʵ
Сѩʱվ˳ϳȥСѩķ֡
СѩĿɨˣǣ˭ģ
̩ɽڵ˭˲֪϶Ǵ֮ĸŮ洣
СѩҧݣŭǺãҾŮ洺ˣŮתǴҪɱңദҪҵĲʯҪҵŮ派Ѫνͣ
̩ɽڵŮ洺˲ŮﱾˣŮĸ£ΪŮأŮ󻹲ǺۣͬΪһԱŮ֪ǶôģڻΪҪɱ㣡
ǡСѩҧгݣЩ汰޳ܣ
ɽЦ޳ĸֻϣ࣡ڿ˵Ůػ࣡ػҲǵһŮػ࣬Ů
ЦЦʱַ̲סˡ
СѩͽϵĿڲŸ˵ЩԴǺڽƱ࣡
ҪЩ࣬˵ǿɱǣ޷ıͽʵ
ǲ϶ͽ
ɱңԻңҲ£Ǹı䲻һʵ
˫ΪҲΪ£屳ǧ
˭
ڿͻȻð࣬һ
ȷһ
СѩͽҲһ
ַĳֺףռû˼
ôֱð˳ͺһͻȻԼǰԼ޷ܵĸо
һ㣬Ҳ޷
ַţ࣡
Ǳ׷ɱ࣡
£֪ǰ˭ˡ
ڵһϣ֮߳ſţһ˲ţ벻ߴɻš
ַоڵڱȻ˳۶ˣַȻɫ
ַĿʦɨǿ֪ǵΪʲô׷ɱңǿ϶֪ΪȪˮ
ûǵõȪˮΪѰҵģҵõģǸùУ
ߣɽڴַĻɱߴߴڣȪˮ̣޳ܵ㻹˼˵
ɱߴڣֻ۾ɱߴˣ
ɽڵͽۿѵܼ٣ͽ˵˵ĻǼٵ𣿾Ǽٵģɵ˵ĻǼٵ𣿡
ַ粻ͣŭôģ
ַ˵ţ߾ʬѾǰ
λڵʬ壬ַ籾뽫λڻɽȺ룬ϾߴɵڣӦҶŰǵʬ͵ɣ
ַһֱһ˺𾴳ˣߴɲôҲַеϵַ粻²ܡ
ӵص׳ʱַͽǵʬս˿ռָռǲջˣ˾û⡣
ǻڵľˣ
ǹڵľУ
ɽɱģ
ɽɱģ

ַŭǻʲô˵Ҫ˵һ˶ʹǸɵܾУ
˶ףߴǱɱ޻ַ磡
Ȫˮиߴڣ֮ɱڣȡأһжҵϣ
ҵİˣǴ򲻹ˣٻڹ˵˵޳ܣ޳ܣ


206 
ڵɫһһף
ڵַ磬ߴʦǵɱô籾Ϊǿʳ磡Ǳɱֻ˵Ǽˣǿ棬߻ԹŲ
ַЦ⻰Ұϣ鷳ˡ
һҪ
ַǳǳЦţԼ˵İǿ棬߻ֻһ߶ѣ
Сѩϣɱˣ
ǣʥŮˣ
һ·𻨣ֱӽڵһƬޡ
ʣµһֵĿŽϣɱ˾ɱˣ˼ɣ
ǿߣһԲͣɱ
ַ翴ʣµڣ˵˵౳ػǵ壬屳飡
ɽڵвǵߵڰף
ַҡͷǸѣĻ౻ɱΣǧǰ飡Ǹ飡Ĥݵۺϵۣ
Сӣ˵˵ɽһ֮£ͻȻַ֣繥˹ȥ
ַνַܲ裡Ƕ£
СѾиٹ̣;Ѿ˿Ҫеڸܲˣ
ߣ
漴֣һ˹ȥɽھĹ֮»ҷ
ˣʣµĸһۣͻȻȫתСѩķȥ
ֻҪץסСѩǾлĻᣡ
۵
ڽǰ׽СѩⲻôڽϵСѩԼĶҪҪ
ϴ˴δɱ䣬Ϊ˽ɵĸ߲ȫƽԼŻȥħô½
СѩܰĵĽ⿪Ƭ½ӡ壬ЩǿͲǰţ
ϾҪң˴Ŀľǽеնɱ
ҪȥɣһĽЩϲɱû뵽ЩϲľȻۼһˣʡȥһĴɱˣһ
ϵĹֱӽʣµ֣ĸȫڽϵЦһڽĹ¾졣
ڽϵĹҪɱ֮ʱԶһ޺𣬡
ţһ޿ƥеӲĺ˽ϺĴ֮䣬˫Ĺȫ⡣
һͷǰͷϵ֮Ȼ˸򣬲Եڵء
˶ļͷĶͷ֮˶ĺˮ
ַʶʥصϡĸ
ﴭŻƵĽϣŭϲⲻǳĺôڸ뽫綼ô
ʲô϶ĲַǳĲ
˵ʲô𶫷粻ҵ£ʹóɱ˾Ĳˣ϶ǽ͵ħô½ڳ黹ãͲˣͿ߰ɣ
ַĳ϶Щ飬Ȼô
ʥص˽ÿ˶֪˭ַʥصϣֻ·һﾹȻŽһ·
Уϵĸ˱ɱɱ֮ҵҲУ
΢΢ŭҿˣҴҪģҺò˵Ҵ磬һ㻹飡ҴĻͷˣ
ôҲδشùң
㡭Ķţ磬ү߰ɣòãˣ
˵Ĺϵǳͽ϶֡
ϣ
ϴˣѾɱˣŹ

ŭĸסڣŲ鲻ãĸˣ
ĴڶʱĸԱһ
ϵ֣ҲˣѾɱôˣαػҪĸأ¸㣬ķӡѾɶǵʥŮ˽ȳеˣĸ˻ȥʱһṥ壡ʱѾȥħô½ԣĸ˾ԲܷŻȥڷŻɽ
ǳΪѵĵ֣ϼħʱǶҪһսħڽ⼸˶ɱʱ˭սħʥصĳϵʱҪ󷨣޷μսҪսǿЩɵǿߣ
֣ѵΪħֻԿɱˣѵҲ𣿡
̾һŲѾҪˣ£ħ£ѵ˲žŤת𣿾ǧǰħսħûħӡǧ꣬ԹŭѾϼǧǰұ֤ǧԻ
ôַ죬Ц˲ħħҪħѵħħҶҪ
Сѩͽַ֪ݣַĻЩ𾪣Щο
ǧǰħˣǧ꣬Ȼһĳǧ꣬ôǧһ˿ҪȻǧǰױô
￴ַ磬Щ͵ζַ磬˵ûǸʥصĽôûã˶ˣΪʲôѡأ
ַЦǰǲ֪ɣȫ˶׷ɱңߴɵ˶Ҫҵʱ䣿
ʲôŭ˭ô󵨣Ҷӿõˣ
ַ˭أɱߴڣеȪˮȻ޻ҵͷϣǰ֪һÿɶ׷ɱң
˵ʲôȪˮ
ַͷԣȪˮȫˡ
أﲻʵû
Ѿҷˣɱġϵĵ
ˣռָӦڣռָ죬һǴݻٲ˵ģ
ϵǵģָȫȪˮ
ɱ󣬽Ȼ˵Ŀռָõˣָ֮ȫȪˮ𺳲ѣľ֮ߣûбֳ
֣ҿЩȲ
ֱӽһռָ
ָ֣ˣȪˮһǧã
Ѫ򿪿ռָһƿƿ޹ޣóһƿƿǣһɹɴƮڿ֮С
⡭Ȫˮ
ģǴ˵еȪˮ
ռָװĶȪˮ
оԼˣһƿĻﻹôǿռָＸƿ
Ķôһֱˣļȫֳ
￴Žϣⶼ͸ң
ǵģ־òĻﻹһ㡭
ˣԹˣǸˣ֪ﻹи࣬ﲻǸ̰ĵˣױӡ˶ҪȪˮ
ϵĵ㶼ˣĸ˵ɡ
һת룬ðɣʲôûпɱɣɱҲû£󳬼˶û£ôȪˮûȥԿԽû˻ңʱɱЩ˵һʵϱȥħöлܵʥص׷ɱҪСˡ
л֣Աûģ
ĸɵ˵ĶԻ鶼ˡ
ϣʥصĳϣôܶǲء
ϣʥһ˽
ˣȥĹ˽Щ˽籾ǿʳ˾ˣȥͶ̥
ǻҪսħأǶˣʥصѹܴ󡭡
ѹʲôѹûѵͲתô
ʲôˣֱӼԦԼ޷߿գʧ˵֮С
ʣĴڽϵһ֮¾ͻҷ𡭡
֮󣬽Ҳƿգһߡ
ϣء
ʥŮ˱أǡ
ȻϽеȪˮȫСѩӡһЩӡǧ֮˹𣬶Ȫˮǻָõҩ
Ѱ¼ڽȥ֮ʵȻȥ֮󣬽ѾɱЩɵڣ˵Լ򲻹ϣܵħô½ȥˡ
һ㣬ϸͲţ
򲻹ϣһ㣬ϸţ
ʥطרΪԸЩԸȥħô½Щ׼ģֻҪطһǿҲ
ʥиˮǸط˳ԽʱյˮͻʾȻˮͻʥص˴͹ȥЩԽʱ͵ħô½ɱۣ
ʱѾɱȻﱻˮ˹ȥˮĴٶȣϾԲô̵ʱɱߴڣ
֮󣬵һǽˮӰȫĨ
ˣƤû֤ݣ
֤ݶٵˣ֤ݣ
ĲУ׼˳ϣǵóһƿȪˮ֮󣬴ϵ۾ֱֱˡ
óʮƿ֮ʱϼʯľɶˡ
óһƿʱ٣٣
ܡ
ŻĴʱüЦĿϣѽܲ͸缸ƿ
û⣬ȥɡ
ģô඼͸ң
զ˭˭ȥɣдһ¡
Ц˵˭˭ʲôȫڴϡ
ţģ䷢һʥֹͣԽϵ׷ɱϾЩȪˮҵġ
ϵţû⣬͸ʥôȪˮʥ˴£ôѵأ
ߴڵ󳬼ɵԼڵ˭𣿣
Щͷ󣬡Ҹɡ
㣿ռ䣬˭ʵܶ󳬼ɵڣһ֮ɱ
룬ЩʿִɱЩˣǣЩ˱ڹô
ЩеʥضҪǼӣ
˰Ҳ벻ֵ̫ˣɼһʥرҪܣܵĻʥصδ棡Щɶĺġͷʹ
ǴϾ˭ڹأֵܽϾԲܳе£ҪȻħô½죡
ĳ֣壡
һĵˣεҲΪҲֻǿɱλڣʲ
ðɣռ壬ħô½ûйϵɣҲˡ
ľý֪ĻԻϵƤ
ΪֵܵˣףҲ޿κΣӡ⿪һսֻڽսʱǰ˶ѡ
ءܡ
ũλں뺺ˮ֮䣬ũ׻Ƶ۹½ĵһ߷塣ũŵγȵԭʼɭ̬ϵͳɭָʴٷ֮ʮϡ
ܷ羰ʯʯˣɽˮɫư硣
ܣռľݵ㣬ﷱܣǧħս֮ʱ⣡
屻ܣ߳ܰ벽ȴԽȥǧÿ빥أʧܶգ
Ȼû빥أħսڼ䣬޷ݵĴڣôԹݣȥأΪ˲׽޶ѣ
ĽŲҲԶͣܵΧû˸
˵ӡһϹӡĺһƬˣ
ȻֻĴ˵
Σ粻ܺڵ׵а֣֮еĴССɡȫˣַ壡


207 ȫ񹫵
ʥذ䷢ʥڣߴʦ֮ΪȪˮȫаնɱʥʥŭ壡
ʥô򵥣ֱ˵·ԭ򣬾Ϊ˴˵֮еȪˮ̾Ϊ˶ᱦ־󳬼ںߴ
ߴڵĵֻߴɵˣ󳬼һң
ʥ沢ûַ磬˵壡ǰɽ䷢ַɱߴڶȡȪ
ַϣ֮߳ʱʥŮСѩ׿ַˣ
ôһеìͷַָСѩ
˶ӡܳСѩħô½ˣô»κ룬ַСѩģ
˿Сѩܣһɫһɱߣ
˵һ⣡
СèַСѩ򶫷½ķȥ
Ȼѡҹ·Ϣ
СèַƣַĻСèȥַֻһ˵ĻСèԼжѡ
СѩһСѩֻҪĺһСèСèͶСѩƴӣ
ַ紷ض㣬ᣡ
Сèǡɫ
ѡҹУΪ˶һЩҪ鷳
ʱ䣬һ޵˶½
յ׻Ƶ۹߾ַСѩסһҾƵ꣬ȻǷַ˯
¶ûкúϢַúõ˯һ
ϴ˸ˮ裬ַ˯ţͱ鳳
鷳ˡ
ʲô鷳ˣ
Ҹմ¥ķɨ赽ߵ̸ʥطʥڶһ壡ҪǶԸСѩɵڵߴڵСѩͷϡ
ʲô
ַо𣬡ʥΪʲôôʱǸʥϲڳôôе鶼ͷϣɱȥڹģʲôʥأʲô˽ʥأʲôʥϵʥأ
ʥأ
ַ쳣ŭѣǾַ飬ַѾˣ
ڷŭҲûãҲܹʥأʥظû˵ɵģҲû˵ɵģ룬ϷߣȻǵĹϵǳһ㣡ɱȫɱô£ʥһܣֲܼڽϣԾ
ַѾˡ
ϣ֮ڱѩſڣСѩŮѣСѩʥŮߣռǱӡܣǳģǰɽ˵ַΪȪˮɱߴڣϵֽһìͷȫָСѩ
ַ˯ȫޣڴϣ˫ֽĳűӣô˵綼Ϊҵĵˣ
СٻʲôҺСڣ£һɱһɱһ˫ȫˣȫ𣡡
Сٻ˵ûǿĶˣʣµĶСϺסֻҪʥز֣Щʿǿ߲֣ͻûʲô£

ַԽСٻˣҲ̫ᰲοˡ
ַ簡ҽ㻹ǿ߰ɣõѾ㷿ء
ղŻ˵һɱһˣӣ
ôսĻɱˣֻˣʱѷɣ
СѩСèǿߡַŮ派ѪϵСѩ
֪û·ء
ַͻȻðһֻĳ档
ַ磡ʲô

ַ϶ַ֪մ򿪴޴Ļַַ羪֮£ȻȥŷͷյһƬ
ҵķͣ
ַû뵽
ַ˵м䣬Ѿ˺俪ʮװǹ˳˽ַŰΧ
ϾǾƵ꣬סĴͨˣﶯĻֵ̫󣬿϶ᾪˣ
Щ˲ǹԸַ磬ַҲĳЩǹͨõǹרɱߵǹ
Щ߻쾳磬ǿһתģмֻǳߣȻץԼ
˰Χַ磬һΪ׵ʮժīǳϸĴַ磬û˾ַ磬̤Ьٴȫѹ򣡡
ַоøЦ
ַ粻Ц˵ǰô˵Уɱ˶ڣƾǼҲ׽סңҿϣ֮ǵĹھǼû

ַĻ䣬ЩȫЦֲмЦͳЦ
ַȻڳ
ַ籾˵ЩЩֳܿ־ı飬ȴ˿Ц
Ϊ׵ĵַ磬ֻһСһлǿǸŮħô½ϵѰ㣬ǸŮʲôܳΪϣ֮ǵĹھܳɱ󳬼ɵ˭˵һʮ֮ǰûˣɱⲻЦôΪתӹҵķôеǴģ˭ţȪˮţֻҪץס㣬вСѩǸŮܵõȪˮ
ֱַӱַ籾ԼѾ磡
˲֪˲ԼѾһħ
û뵽ԼЩֻһֵܺŮȥӵ޳֮ͽ
ֱַӻˣħֱӳУԪڵֱӱ
һкɨתһȦһ˻վ֮⣬ʣµ˶ϣ
Ѫɺӣ죡
ŵˣ˵ϴַûɱ
ַ罫׶೤ľħڼϣ΢ЦſˣĵôСĽΣ
类ŵĻɢ˫ȴɫҰףؾҵĲҡҡ
һﲻ֪Ҫ˵ʲô˵
ʱȻһ죬ǽڱ˸󶴣ԪڵĸֱСѩ˹ַĽ¡
˱СѩˣûֱַӲһɱ
ַôŵһŵȫ£ų⡣
ַץŭǲСǲǿֵܺŮˣ˵
ǡǡ
ŹҰɣִүڣҴˡ
ַ緢˿µʪһƬֱŵˡ
ַ磬иֹˣǿߣڸʲô
ַû£Ҿѡַ˵꣬˵ĲĨһȻСѩȥ
ַǹɱˣڼȵĿ־¶־͹̫ˣ
˴䵽СèϣСèչ߷ɣʧããҹա
˸߲ãһȺ˾¥Щ˵ΪȫԪϣȻһɵˣ

ҹһš
ֻһСУ˿Ѿҹʱ֣ѡһǳŵĲԷ
ַ߽Ŀ䵽ſǽһͨϡ
ַһˡ
ǴĽͨ֡
ַСѩʡ֤ϵƬ
ȻСѩ֤϶ͨĳЩ㶨ġ
ⲻʲôַǿͨݣɫ̵ġ
ַ磬У19ַ꣬ͥ
¼Ԫ10521015գ޾֮һشը¼ַΪ׵ķըٹʮҺĸ
ԷľٱˡйλˣһǧԪ

ĸ
ҿ
Ҳ̫˰ɣ
ȻһŹʾĳɫͨȻǸͨ˿ģͨ˶ڷʲô¼עǿеǺĽ
һǧ
Īе¼õԺϳɼըƬڸ̨ý岥ĪеʱͳΪʵ¼ˡ
ַСѩ˾ô粽УÿһУ͸о˫ڰעǡ
װûõģͨ˵ǰп϶УÿгվȶҪ֤׻Ƶ۹С϶Կ˵ͨ
ַСѩߣϢͨ˵Է֣
ڣѾ˹ͨ˲ﶼԶܹЩͨ˵۾
˴粽У
ѾΪȫ񹫵У
ҪȥԷģתͷߣ
ַǱȡ˼ݷʢķ˺Сѩһ˵ĺڰͲ͡
ַԵĽζСѩ¡
ιеĳԾͲˣǲߣֻͨ˵Ļҿģ
ַһǸֹ۵ˣ˻û£ԺҪԵĵ࣬ҲԺ¡
СѩƲַһۣڱȫͨ϶Ĺ޴ڵĵܵ壬ʥѾ䷢ʥѾ˽ܣҪϻȥֻҲн⿪ӡطȻҵڻҲֻƴˣ
ַȻ˵еĴСˣһɢɳ󳬼ڱɱ𣡴˿ǿ϶ҳһţ󳬼Щǿ϶Ϊ֮λأ˭ڻַ壿
ַ֮ʥΪǵӲŷǸʥҪΧĻʥؿ϶˳ͷʥضôûУʥظû붯ֻһɵڱɱһ¶ѣҲֻǱԼѣһЩغ½ĳ¼ʥزùء˵ˣϼħϼʥضæĽͷöģʱôô
ߣħս֮屻ӡǧ꣬븲壬ÿζʧܶգ
Ϊ븲ôĽȫˣµսǿͲĽնɱǽӡǸôҪȥҪȥ̽գӵ޶ȥܣԽȥͳȦһأ֮ȡ֮ߵıأ᲻ýȫҪԼã
ȻҲǿĴڣֻҪЩǿ͹ˣʣµ嶼ᱻƣʵǧǰħսվվħһ߽һ඼ͱһ
ÿ嶼ϣԼǿԽ֮ϣҲˣûжԣҲûдֻǿǿͿԽ˲ڽ£ֻб裡ÿ嶼ҪǿǱ޳ܣеĿȥǿ
οԹһֱΪУһЩаͳ˺ѪϹʱڳֹаɱ࣬ĥĺۼԣһֱ壡
Ҫ˵һֱػ࣡˶ٺҲֲһ£Ӹԣ

ַ˵˺ܶ࣬СѩһֱĬĬţȻЩַ뵽ģ඼ǽСٻַģַҲǷǳ𾪣ַԭ˵Сѩּ֮һЩԼļ⡣
СѩĬĬַ仰ûжֻǿ
СѩͻȻĪᣬѵǧһֱôѵν࡭
Сѩôˣַ˵ôĳԣСѩҪ壬ֻҪĵĲغԼԼİȫͺá
ַЩȫ˵Ĺϵ
ôôԶǶģ
ħڰһΪУԶܺƽദ
Сѩһַ绳ỨĸҵԣҴƽദҽҿıĸ˵Ĳ࣬飡ǧħô½һֱźƽ
ˣôûõġ
ɱЩִԲֻ࣬ĳޣ
ܶ˶֪ǧǰħսıʲôã

Сѩ˵˺ܶ࣬Ҳ˺ܶ࣬εļס仰
ûжڴֻǿ


208 ž
ַԣҳһţ󳬼һҹ֮Ⱥףÿ֮еĸϴ֮λ
ܿ죬ÿ֮ڶԡɱİģıƲЩʵ˶
ʥصʥַ壿ֻЩеĵ˲ȥɵˣȴûһȥ
֮кܶˣжڸлַ磡ڱɱˣҲɱˣЩϲڶˣǶȡ֮λһȨĺûᣡ
һƬңֻЩСڰѰַСѩ䣬ȻҲЩȥ
ַСѩ˲ûмȥ壬ַϵĻСѩ࣬ûΣգ󳬼ҲûȥΧ壬Сѩܷġ
ַ֮ļСѩǳģСѩҲһĶַκ
һ£ַȥɽҳ㡣Ȼ˵㲻ԼĸףַʮŮˣĸף
ȼһֱûȬַڵõȪˮԿȼ
ַһʱͿǵóȫ

ɽۡ
ʦ
衭
ٴμΥʦĸףַƽĺ쳣

ַ磬Ц⣬֮˸޾֮⣬ͽڳˣȻкܶ໰Ҫַ˵Ǵ˿̵ʱӦýĸžۣ
ַʦмĵ˵ͷ̲ס˳Ļ㱧ĺýý
ĸַͷһĸ׶Ժӵİ˼
һδǰַĳˣǰǸδѵַ磡
裬Һ㡭
ַһδѵĺһ㣬ǳ壬ֻǰչʾʵһ棡
ӣܿˡ
ףַһһͨ˳Ϊһߣ߹̫̫·
ȻӼһֱй̶ռַĸϢ
ռϢ˾ַʦ֡죡
ַ̫ԭƾһ֮Կź飡
̫߳ԭغַƽж칫һ˸᳤ƽ
ַ֮ȥ䵱ӣʦһףߣμϣ֮Ϊϣ֮ǹھ
ЩϢַѰߴɱأɱߴڣֺˣɱ󳬼ڣ
ӱڱչأǵõ㱨Ϣ֮أĴѰַ䣡
Ӳų˫ħˣ˭Ҷַһַţ
ַƽһ·ǳƽʶַ˺ܶ࣬û˸ַ鷳
˫ħûмܵ
ַ·ҪַԼߣӺͳǲԤģεֵ̫ʥض䷢ʥӺͳĲַ磡
ʦܣ
ӣ
ʱһɫӰɱ죬ַСĺֵܶţ
ԭַ뿪̫ԭ֮󣬶ţΪʦǲնţһͨ˵ģǿڳϣֻ¡
Ȼţ޷ֻ⹦ǶţȻ⹦ڵľҲܼȭһ֣
⹦־磬һ㣬Ҳ棬ӷֶţ⹦Ȼûеޣкܴķչռ䡣
ʼʱӲԸնţΪӣڣӾԼˣ˶ţΪҵӡ
ʦ֣
ţ
ֱ˸ܱ˾þñһ֮ŷֿ
챾кö໰ͺöҪַ磬ȴһۿַԱߵСѩɫһ䣡
۾ֱӱֱģСѩľף沿ȣѵĸо
ţҲǣַ緢ô£ɳʵףǿСѩ֮ɶˣţ۰۾ֱӱģſˮȺĶֱ˳
˦˦Ϊ˧ķֱͣܵСѩǰλС㣬ҽ죬ַʦ֣ʮˣδȢ׸ʦѧգδ
ţƲԣֱӳȥƵһߣȡλãС㣬ҽжţַĺֵܣʶһ¡
ַŭɫѵļһҹ
ʦܣôС˼ҹû˵ʲô㼤ʲô
ǰӣ㼤ɶŮӺϣ˸
ֱַ
ҹ
һŭ֮£ͶţŹԹԵվһߡ
СѩĿͶţɨһЦ
죺ڳЦء
ţʲôǳЦ
СѩʲôˣʥŮǱǰᱡСѩԻһưɣ
СѩͶţˣоǳĿɰΪȻᱡ֮һƬ峺ֻԼʶû뷨
ַӺͳܣСѩʥŮŮ洺ˡ
ӺͳϵСѩݣͶţСѩ֮ʱĴ֮УַߵǸŮˣ
ŵ£𷽲ŶСѩʧ˶޵ݣ
ԼϷĲһߣʥŮ
ʦӣĸס
Сѩãĸá

໥ʶ֮ŽݣһƲˣ鳩̸
ַ罫һ귢¶ϸĸӺͳˡ
ǰݣӺͳ֪İ˾ŲʮǺߴ֮֮˶üͷһ
ʲôȪˮ
ֲڶ棬ԭΪȪˮ
ȪˮĸһӺͳ
ʦʲôȪˮ̣ţĲҲĳġ
˵Ȫˮʥˮ
ʲô
ӵһ仰ҭסͶţޱȡ
裬ˡַǬȪװһСƿȪˮݸ˳㡣
˫ЩĽ˹ȥ˵Ŀⶼڳϡ
ƿǣһɴڷֻһƬˬ̹
ֻƮζƮƮɵĸо
ʥˮҲֻȪˮ
ʧУȪˮȪˮ
;ȵĿӣûмʦʧ̬
Ҳѹסе𾪣ַӣȪˮκҵľɼֻҪһξ͹ˣʣµԼðɡ
ַ缱æѣ裬ȫ˰ɣĻһУŶÿһƿ
ÿһƿ
Ӻͳͬʱһ𾪵Ŀַ硣
ַ翴˵Ŀ⣬ĵĻÿһͰòã
һͰֱӴľ
ŶôĻŪӣҿȪˮϴ裬ǳԹ
˶ʵĸоͶţȽϲֱԵڵء
һȪˮͿңѾ˵Ūһϴ裿
ܼҵģмôܼҵô
ȻҲַһӣһһƿţ
ţַһһƿȪˮ£Ҷˣ
ҪչأõȪˮ֮һӰλ֮ϾͲˡ
ӣҪˡ쳣ļҲˡ
Ҫ壡Ͷţͬһˡ
ַĿڴ

ַʱСѩۡ
Ƿ˫ħĵ̣û˸ң
Сѩһֱ壬µ֪Сѩǳƽ֮ʱСѩҲ
СѩоƽֻʱƽֻǱ֮ǰֻҪѡһٽ壡
ԴַȪ˼ĻܵõȫĸƣȻûͻƣǸӵʵȹ̡
һַǳ֣ΪСѩڷȪˮ֮ͻ磬ֱԲ
ַ磬Ϊַ統̷ʳĻͻƽ飬ȻѾʼղԼξȪˮϴȫΪַԼ
ַһֱооַоԼڵĸ̫ɢ۳һ
鱻ַ뷨һ
оֻһʱܻۣǾνַľڵ췽ҹ̷
СٻôΪַȴִҪһԣ
ַнԡԡԺͺڰ
ַȽԺͻԵϣ
ɽľɽ֮ڣַСѩǰС
ϤĳϤĻȴһˡ
ݼѰɱˣСèһζεĻĵӰַԺ
Ǵ˿̣Сèȴ˯СѩĻ
ַͻȻݼַһֱݼַû
ȪˮҲ޷ݼ
ֻܲϵϵԼҪʵġѡܸݼ
ǣҲҪûлֻһ죬ܴһ죬ܸݼ
ַȻСѩһ𣬵ݼַλôûиı
ַ磬ݼŮѣСѩֻǺܺõѺͻ飡
磬ʲôأ֪ʲôʱСѩַʱѾȥգֱӺַ֣֮䣬Ѿ˱˴֮ľ롣
һ·ϣСѩַ˼һֱ飬Ǻ֮£
Щ²˵Ҳãǹһ˵ĸ֮£
ûʲôǰЩѡ
ţطûдħޣɣ
ַŹ۲ܵĻһɽ壬ǵڵ˽սǸɽ塣
š
ַͷ򵥵ɨһܣСѩһԻ
ַȵŽԵнȫתȫﵽ״̬
ַֿʼڵĻ
ַһʱһջص
ַûУַͬʱĵת
״ΣգоͽĴڣַʱӦ״
߻ħԲַᷢϡ
ԵıַǳСĽԼʵ飬һСľͻᾭ
ַֻųһ˿Ļ˳ŵתȥ
ַһĶãһ߿ƽһ߿ƻôһĻƣַ˽һʱ
ͬʱԵѶȷǳ󣡽ԵѾת״̬ǲڲκԵȻַǴ﷢Ǿ
ַĽת֮ɽæѹƣַŽԵתֻһ˿
䣡
ոսӴ֮ʱ˱ը
һæоסַĽ
ַ磬
ַЩɥУΪʲô᲻أȻԵӦҵĽѨλ壬ΪʲôͲܺƽദأͲںأ
̵ģûԹһ˵κԵͻԼӳɣںϣ
ںϣںϣôأַ
ַоڵԵȫںϣԼΪԻͻͽǣûа취ںϣȵ˵йһľ磬Ǿͺȥˡ
ַԼսҪѸٵߣõİ취ں
ңַ罫Եĵ֮󽫻Ķַ֣粻Ŭôֻܵ
ںϣ飬оʹԵƽദֺܲܰƽ״̬⣿
ַͻȻͻ룬ھ֮бըǳǽڣֻƾַַѾˣ
ңֻһ˿Ļͽıըнͻͷų籬ըǻôһΣ


209 Ǭħ
ַ˼СٻҲ˼ַĻ
ǰһæ˵ҽоľȻ󱣻תֲͬԵȫԣ͵ͬʱתвһайͻᷢӦıըʱ򣬾ҲȲˡҺСٻҲըĻɢ
СٻĵСŰⲻ㲻Ǻųô飬˵ַʲôҲ˵
Ҳ֪Բͬͬʱ⣬ײըĻǳĿֲ
£Ҳδδţ
һ;Ӧѭ򽥽ÿ߼ǰϹţתľˮ֮ȥУΥΥ
˿ַ뷨Υ
Ϊ֮⣬ѧϰԵĹֱԹ֮кһԼ򣬴ﵽߵľ硣
кһǽľˮԹȫ֮󣬲ſںϣںѾԵƽ⡪ˣ
ûƽ⣬ͻ𣡶һ飬ûǸԸȥǷӣ
ַҪֻһΣ
Ǳκˣоˣδȫ֮ʱͬʱʹת⣡ֻһ
ַ粻ַ֮ͬиܵĽ飡ͻ൱һʶȥ
ַͬʱתֲͬԵֻҪо֮ϣͿԵ⣡
Ȼֻ֪ʶǳ򵥣ǳѣϳһĲһķ񣬾ͻǰ
ǽַͨǳźַһ㶼Ͳܺųˣ
ַ翪ʼתԵǳ˳ĵ⣬ַ֮γһŽɫȼյĻ磬Ȼֻһ˿Ľ
ȻоŽУǳ˳ûа⡣
飬ͷǳѡ
Եڽоӹַ֮ת
ַһҪסڵĽȶһҪתַڷǳŬġһĶá
ַɹˣһʱַ֮ͽĺ֮£ڽһ˿Ļ⣡
ַǽǻ
Ҫľǣͱը
ַЩڳɹˣǽҪǳΣգ
ַҲ֪ըжǿ󣡽Ҳ֪
ַͬʱ˳ȥڶʮ֮֮ը
䣡
ֲͬը֮нʮ֮ڵжȫݻ٣ըΧ֮ڱһƽأ
ַ类ը֮ನֱӾɣԱߵ
ֻһ˿ַǧ֮һûõͲôıըַ罫ȫıըɽ嶼Դݻ٣
ͽս֮ʱ͵˲ͬײͱըȫᲢۣ͵˽ս֮ʱѾͷųʽ͵˵ҪжĴСľ
ַʩչԼڵûκεʽȥʩչǵ֮Դֱ֮ӵײ־ֹ״̬ͻȻԷͻ޵ļѭըЧӦ
ɹ˹ַ̲סĴ
ԶΪַ绤Сѩһæ˹ôˣ磿
ûʲôղһǳѧϰ֮С
Լģ˵ģСѩԻ
ţҴģһɣһûȫĦ͸ء
Уţ
ַ˵ţԾűըĵص㣬ݻٳ̶ȡ
ַץ˵°ѷĩĩ˳ָ䡭
ǳĳַԺҿҲ㴭̫ˣ
ôǸʶ壬Ҳ֪
ôʶͲܳˣҾ߶ȼУǳʶôһĲǺСٻ군ˡ
쳣˷ܣǸţ˸ţû뵽һɹˣ
ַ磬˺ʩչ¡
ַ֣ʱû⡣
ַǿͿԣ㡣
ԣôǿľп϶Ҫһ֣ҪҾħ֣ͽСоħơô
ֻϲʩչҪо˲ſԣ磬ֻҲѧᣬʲôνͽɣ򵥡
Уҵ֣ȻҰչ
ַýʱСһ
СٻʱҲˣ⹦ҵļල֮ǲɵģôǬأҲܣҲҪҵ֣ǲԸĻ´ʩչʱҾ͵ңʧܡ
ֱַ
ַϣСٻԼӵҵĻ룡
ڽСٻִ֮£ڴһ£еֽǬħ䣡
ַֺݰϵûУǡħ滹ַ֣ڽСٻġ֮£ɡħˣ
ǽСٻģԼûаϵˣ
ַ絹νֻҪУν
һַһֱϤǬħ䡣
һַ֮ܽеĽͻʩչһȫǬħ䣡
ַѡըĵص֮ϣ
ַСèϣɵ׵ĸ߿գŽȫʩչ˳
¡¡
շɫ䣬һ޴ĢգɽڵһƬ谵ɽ֮ĴӴܣ޺
ըĵĿռ䱻˺ռѷ죬ռĺɫžҪջһ㣡
ըȻ˺ѿռ䣬ʱѷ
⵽жǿԳԽռ
Сѩбըзǳ𺧣
ַôᴴôĹ϶ţģõĳλǿߵؼ
بԼܴ칦֮ˣһľɾ֮ЩǴ඼Ǿ֮ˣǼǧʱ侭εʵܴһµĹĸŶǴӾ
ַ羹Ȼô͵ΪĹСѩͲţ˭˭Ҳţ
ַ䵽棬зǳ
ַ磬̫죬Ѿʥصˡ鱾Ҳ쳣ͻȻ뵽ǳԽռ
ʥءʥ顱֮ǰȪˮϴ壬ͻȻʥ֮һɫâһĻûӰʥ֮ڡ
ʥ֮ڵϴ󾪡
ʥطӡϣ֮ƣʥؼ˶ȥ޲ӡˣΪȡȪˮ´󹦣֮£ѰôһеĲ£Ǿǿʥ飬ҲǼӳ
ʮ궼һΣԣϵŲ·ǳС
ϵƨɻûȣʥзӦˣϴŭ
ַزãСѩ˼䣬׼ȥúõϢһ£ʱռһ󲻹ģϳַǰ
ַ磬Сѩ
ϣ
ôǣϿַ˺ǳԾ
ַ絭Цţϴ˴ǰν£ǲʥصĽ·ˣ
ʲô㷽ıըô£ʥ￴˱ըûпκˣ
ʶ̽⣬Ҳûҵǿߣ
ַ粻֪ûзʲôΪ֪ԼģǷǳʵĵŵѧϰһµĹ
˵Ǳըģ
ǣ
һʥء
Ϊʲô
ϵʹ˳ռսֻѡ񣬵һʥʥصĵӣڶȥʥأȥħô½ΪΪûеʾ磬ħô½Ĵͷ󲻻Զ㣬ֻȥħô½
ɣַȻ
˵ʵ
ĸҵͽ
ͳ
ϴŭʥصļϣ˭ҽԼţҪŭһˣһ˫ħ
ַǷ˫ħĵӣϾȵŴ͡
ĵǣҪҵĵӣȹһأ
ϲûзŭǰڰ֣ˣ֣ϣ֮ǷһҾ͵ûпˣʥԺ󲻹ǵˣ⼸ʥҿŵģʲôͷĵȥɡ
ЦЦǾͶлˡ
ˣǣ

ӺͳҲǱյıըַ֪Ľ֮Ҳţ
˿ַ翴һ㣬ô벻Լһôһͽܣ
ºַ罫Ǭħ¯࣡ÿʩչͽ鶼ϵ޷죡ʩչĴУ̵ʱҲҪӣ
ʱ̫ˣ͵˽ս֮ʱ˭ʱȥ׼ʩչУǰ͵Ϯ
ƽϢɲûѡµҲûѡµ
ңһ˲أһڶ֮սڽУȥɶḲԼ
ǣ֮һġ׹ȡҲȥˡ
׹ȵĹ׷ܹڵĶ飬˱ɱ뱨𣬵ΪɣѾǲ֮κ£
ڶ˵׷ֻܹ֮У׷罥ɵĻҵһڲ˹ڳȰ裬̲ס֣
׹ȳ֣Уһµʱ󳬼ɣͳһ
ͳһ֮׷һǳشľ壡
׷ǲô׳嶯ľշɵ֮ΪԼĶ˱ôЩշ˶Ƿ׹ȵĵӣʥҲʥҪ壬Է׾ͽ壡
һ㣬׷︲׷֮ʷ
ҪǡȪˮûмǿܾסȪˮջ
Ȼ׷룬Ҫ壬ôǲģǴĵ·ս塣

ֹˣַ䵱ꡣ
䵱Ȼ壬ĸ׺ʦ飬ֵߣַǳġ
ַȵĴо׻ھʱǸˣԼںˡ
ַݼ˿ݼַǳݼݼһ֮ʱÿʱỵ̈
Сѩַߣַϸĵİڴϡ
ݼ
ַһסСѩСѩڻ
ݼҺ㡭ַһһСѩĻ
СѩͲѵַԼİˣôû
ͻȻһĴʹԼˣбŮô
֪ôģСѩ޵ĸо
ǰʶһ顭
ʼˣɱˣȴİˣ
ȴ֣װŮˣ
Сѩܲˣ
Ϊʲôң
ַ粻СѩʵַûаСѩ
Сѩ֪СѩԼòκ˶Ϊ֮ԣ
ַ粻ˣַϲСѩַԲԲݼ£
СѩĿǰ˯ˣͷһǣתȥ


210 
ڶһ磬ַѹоԼٶľƾˣ
ַоڵŮ派ѪЩ춯漴һӦСѩϢ
磬׹׷ɼ壬Ȼȥ׼Ҫң
ѾͷôҲҸ𣿲ѽԸ˵һȥģôһأ
Ҫһ䣺Ҫң
ôңҾͲô
ƫƫҪңַƣ
ַܵ͸ַ硣
ԭַ֪Լծ
ϲԼŮӵĻһŮӵ֣ĸŮӶܲˡ
ַԼϲСѩôַЦҡҡͷ֪Լֻݼһˡ
һеʱ֪ϲһˣԼ֪
Сѩһȥ壬ַ϶ģʦͳ㻹ʦֵܸ̤ȥ֮·
ַ᲻ʦĸ׺ֵܣҲСѩ£
ַȥܼ˾˾ͨһظԼŪһ֤ŷɡ
µݣټַװ磬һϲַġ
ַݣǽΪַƵݵҩЧֻάʮСʱֻҪÿһžͿԱ֣
ַµ˷ɻ˺ڡ
֮һƬɭ֣ɭԱһŸ¥ãֱĹ·ĳ·ߴŵӵļŮ
ִַѵ˷羰
ೣﲶ׽ޣ･һݵ㣬ʼ⣬γһҵ
飬֪
Щĵֻҵƶϣ
ַһ̵ȥͼ
ϰǳ飬СֵҲ߰ɣ
ϰҲǸߣֻǸߣģǺƣһһˡ
šַͷ
һ
壬ǵһַܿ
Ҳȥͬأ
ַһˣʲôͬ顣
һˣϰЩԾ㻹ȥưɿһЩðŶһȥɣǴ㣬һ˽ȥˣֶ߯¡
ţлл塣ͼҪˡǮ
ٿ顣
ַˬĸϰ٣תߡ
һ£СֵܡϰַôˬǮ㣬ַļ䡣
𣿴壿
ͼһЩΧĵͼߵòǵһһҪȥһЩȥܵðŶӼ룬˼Ҳ㣬Ǯͺˣиϡ
лл塣

ưһ֣Щư඼һЩ֮ˣ׽޵ߡ
ַһ·糾ͣϢһ·
᰾ưɣܸľưɡ
ưַò˸λúһŮͬ
жǶʮַ꣬ԱŮֻʮ߰꣬мɫ
ַһЩԵģˣԹԵĳַԱߵŮǳַͬ
ȥҵطôŮĿַ磬ȫǲˬĸо
˿ַһ׳󺺣Ŀ࣬ƤڣǳѿץѿŮЩܲס
ַ⸱ŮЩܲˡ
ַЩưںͬġ
Ҹٿ߰ɣŮͳ٣ϡ
ַЩģŮҸһǧ飬ߺô
㡭
ŮĲУģ
ַһҧĿԿ죬ôҾôΣ
ÿȻҾͲˣŮͻȻվŭַ硣
ַתͷҵĨһ̵βͣƲ죬¿һĹУôˣѵ
﷢±˺ܶ˵Ŀ⣬ַһ¼Уư˶ôЦ
Ůɫһ±ɫ㡭޳ܡå
ַаһЦ˻ôҵġ

ưڱǸҵĵطҶ޼ɵĴЦš
˴ЦҲҳֻţ
˲£ŮҲ첻˵˵ȥ֪һﻹðˮ棡
ŮҧгݵĿַ磬صλƲֵĺƾơ
еɫҲÿͬʦãеŮ׷ߣŮ۸ҿŭգ
Ȼжŭȴܷط߻ӣһ˲õأ
ߵӶַλֵҲȥܵô
ַͷ
һˣ
ַٴεͷ
ѵǰȥܣ
ַҡͷ
֮նأֵǵʶˣһǰȥΣͬС
ӿ϶ڽַ֮ݺݵĽѵһ٣ɱַ磡µ˲õˣǽ֪֮ɱһˣͷϣ˭Ҳ鲻
ַ̧ͷ˵ðȥҲܲ׽һֻޡ
㻹벶׽ޣô׽ôŮ¶֮⣬ַ
ַоŮԼֻᣬûĻˣӵͼַ統Ȼǳ
ʱ򣬾Ϳ˭ɱ˭
˫һ£ԭԷһĴһСҵĵӣӣߵĽ꣬ұߵĽǿֵܹϵŮиĸգСᡣ
ַȻһ£˵ԼһСɵĵӣȻ˶Ϊַһ쾳綼ĳߡ
ֵܣＯϣǸŴ󲿶ߡʱ޵̣ǾͿԷ鵥жԵķǳ顣
ַЦȴЦݣһ·ϳλչˣٷ鷳λˣϵǮࡣ
ַ˵꣬λش𣬾Ͷˡ
ַߺĿըˡַ۸ǵˣ˵̬ȰȻԸֵͣ
ŮŭĶֵܵôĿ˵ļһȥݺݵĽѵһ٣ѵֵܣ
С㣬ϾǾưɣҲ㣬ȥܣ׽סʱС㴦ã
ߺߣãʱҪݺݵĽѵһ٣
ŮֻݺݵĽѵַ磬Ů֪λʦɱַ磡

ַһҾƵס죬ڣַռϢ
ԭÿȥ岶׽ޣÿ¶һΣнܵ˶һټж
˵ǳУһ·ϼȵ޵ĵ֮ڷж׽ԼҪޡ
Ȼжһ죬϶һЩݵλˣڼж֮У˶İš
ȻʵǿҲԵжѡ񵥶жˣ޵涼ϡ
ϣ˶ɭһ㳡ϡ
һ飬Ŷӣ
Զľάš
ַ˻ϣ˫һǽô⼸˯ĺòõȵȣ˶ַ飬ַһֱаˡ
һ飿ô£ַ粻⡣
͵ҪһЩȥĻ϶˼ҪձѣȻҲܰٷְٱİȫܱȵжҪöˣôôһ򣿡
Աߵǿǿȥһʲô״ôһ򣿸һ
õģ硣
һǿ󣬵ʥŮعأܽϣΧ̶֮ˣε̽շǳΣգټϴӵķ׹ȵˣշѷǳߣ
׹ȵˣϢǷȷ
ȷδӵһɵţ˵׹ȵҪȥӲ죬˹ϵͰûø˷׹ȵˣǷ׹ȵˣ
ַ簵Ц׹ȵˣһɱһ
׹ҪΧ壡ַӡǣŮиټϺСѩĹϵַҪվߣ
ַͻȻΪ֮ɫ֣ǷҪ飬ôǻǲ˺ô
ǿ֣ôУĻǲǸںģǸǺ棬ȥͻᱻɱӵ֯һ¢ϵģҪȥ룡
ַŤŤ󣬲֪˵
ǿ֣ʲôֱ˵
ֱַӿбųһ䣬ûǮ
Ȼ
ǳ˳飬ȻЦ֣ȻǴֵܣǮǾͰϰɣͷ㻹Ǽɡ
ַһĸм֮ɫǶлˣͷһصȡǮ㣡
ֵҧгݵĸַ顣
ַûǮô϶Уַ粻ͣҪӣǼ˵
ֵʦó뽫ַܣַ粻ȥĻôԣֵֻĲ鲻Ըĸַó飡
νܵǧˣ׹ȵٶ࣬ʣµĶͲ׽޵ˡȻм˶ȪˮŻ롣
һ˺ƺƵĽɭ֡
ȥ֮һһ죬ûκΣգ˶֡
ܵ˶֪ɭڵ޺ܶ࣬ȻһЩ͵ȵޣǽɱ֮ںҲһЩǮ
һ죬ȴһֻ޶ûп߳϶ûмţ

Сѩһɫ֮ϣ顣
ֱǻʨ
ʨԭСѩϣ֮·֮оȳǸ
ʱһĿ࣬ͷּҴҵĳ˽ԶɤŴ󺰣
⻢ţùˣ˵
⻢ĵǧܣΧ̯ӻرз׹ȵˣ
ãȥɡ
⻢ߺ󣬻ʥŮˣ¾ͽҴ֤ɱһʣ
СѩҸջص֮ܶ˶ҵ쵼ǼǰΧ޳뵽ˣܶ˶ҲҾӦԳսģȫŽӭյĴս
Сѩع֮󣬸ߵԼݣ֮࣬罫ȫ壡
ǧȻһֱӡֻ׽ޣûв壡
ҲһֱϢȻܵ࣬ǻԹ
ģҲֻ
ûбӡ֮ǰҲһֱ棬ȥᡣ
ֻҪһȥ棬ȥɳͺãǸûҰģûж̣ǮƣṴĶǶթ
ԣһֱСѩͻȻ˵Ҫ壡Ⱥŭû˻Ů洴ˣʥŮĻ
壬Ů洴˵ΣֻҪСѩһ仰е˶ΪСѩƴ
Ե
ǣЩ˶Сѩ쵼ʾɣһֱڻʨĴºսͻȻҲֻһʱ޷ܶѣ
ǽܷǳףǾ
Сѩӣٶˣһ
ѹ֮µûأ˴ûñɵֶȥԸ࣡ÿκཻսս
׹ٶˣ඼쾳ĸ֣Ԫʮӵһ֮Уûĸ֣ԪҲֻһʣµҲ쾳ҡ
߶ģǶɱһЩ͵ޣȡںǮȻʱҲסһ͵ȵޡ
ǧһֱʱ䣬һ·һﶼûУ˸о֮ǰ
ֵҲûжԸַ磬ҪԸַĻҪһֱȵԸɢ֮УֵĻ˶Ŀ
һ·ϣֵַܶر飬ֵһ㣡ַôϵˣ׿ַԼж˵ַܵĽСٻ
ַŮ派ѪоСѩƶλãַΪСѩӦֱӽȫСѩ
峿εַ类һѣ
֣ˣ߰
ַ϶֪СѩϺս


211 һ
ֵַ֮ܳܺСַȺһ߷񱼶ȥ
ַ绹ûʲô״ͱӿˡ
ַ粻⣬ܱ߽Уսڶ߰ܣ
ɱˣˣЩޣǿ϶Ҫܣ
ⲻô
ʲôѣһ˽飬ǾǵĹҪǵİȫֻͲ׽޵ģǺЩ˾սģ޷ԿΣգǿ϶ҪܣֻҪӳܾͰȫˣ
ε̽ҾͲˬһ·һֻ϶ûпȷôǿĵˣ⵽ô£ǿЩĺš
ܶе뷨ǿһһ·죬ʲôûпж֮ʱʼһϲڿԿˣȴһȺ֣֣
ӣ
ʱһŭ𴫵˶
һٶ˴ɱתۼͽǰʮɱ
ܵٶˣȻһЩΪҵˣЩΪǸֵ˻ľ΢Ƚϸһˣѣ
Сѩĳ֣ҲʹȪˮĳ֣ܶ˶ԸŹᣡ
׹ȵ˱СѩסЩӳܵ˱ס
ɱ˹Щ˶սӣת˷ɢ
ֵܶһ˵ĳַԶĴִȥ
Ȼַİæֵͱ˴ˣȻһ㣬ֵǷֲ˵ġַ͵ֵҵʵĵصԼʱһ㾪ϲ
аСʱͣ
ܰٷ֮ʮϵɭָǣôûһƬɭ֮С
һµͼȻʱķ
ɭ֮Ȼǳžûκޡ
Ϣһᣬʱֵܶһۣ˿ĴˣǶԸַĺûᣡ
ַǵֵܶԸԼһľϲ
ʱ۾Ŀַ磬ŷɣǵ˸˰ɣϷСʦãǸͷǮթ飡㳢ү
ǿҲааĵһ·Ѿܾˣе˶ˣ
ҪĥСʱҲҧгݵĿַ硣
˽ַΧסַ确šĿˣǡҪʲô
˵ţַ֮г־壬սսΡΡȥ
촽һӣٺЦ˵ǸʲôȻǰСúõ棡
ַȣһ·ϣǳֵܵ໥չˣһжǼٵģǾҽأ
ǿЦ㻹ô֪Ѿˣˣ
ַҪȷһ£ҪԼɱ۸һ¾ͷԼ
ֻ۸һԼСʦóַ϶ɱ⼸ˣԷԼأַԻɱԷ
ֵҪַ綯֮ʱһŭȴԱд˹
ס֣
Ա߳һһŮһһŮһ£ͷԼʮҡ
ŮĿֵܣŭӣҲͰˣΪǴ򲻹ڵã֣бȥ˴򰡣
еֵܣ᰾ưڣҾͿʱֵֻܺͬòֱˬѣС뽫ߣʱֵǶСЩСȣҪΪСֻعҲӦʱֵսֵ쵽ܣһ·϶ֵܷǳ飬һΪؿ㣬ǽѣԭ޳֮ͽֵֵΪأ
·ɱµĳҧֵܷǳջ𣬶ַҲǳˬַϻ붺ֵ棬ȴ˴ˡ
ֵ֮ܲˬַҲˬһ¿ˬ
ŭǺԪڵ˰ɣ
еĵвգԪĴӸУԱߵλΣ
ǡСǹӶ£ССɣҲҹӵ£
δȣ꣬ǿ˺λֵܣһ»㱨ɣʱһᱻʦţ
Цô㱨ȥɣ˵ϷС㣬ɱôƵʱǵͷǣάأ
ոմЦͻȻЦȻֹĿ֮дžֺ˸
һӴܳʮˣͳһķΣͳһͳһı־Щ˶Ԫڵˣ
ǶϸкˣֵܲģҲĽ˴ܣһðôԪڵˣһȫð

еһŭ֮£ֵܺСĶӡ
ϼںһҲһԪڲοԪڵ˿ɲϼ˻ֻôˡ
ֵܣһ߰ɣҲиӦ
ַԸкЩøУϾ˵ĴΪ˾ԼȻ˵ƻԼĺ¡
лλ֮¶ر
ֵܿˣֻǾ֮Ͷѡ

ַԪڵһ·
ӵһߣһֻɨַһۣٲַ硣
·ϣַ͸ģõһǳҪϢ
ԭǰ׹ȵֻ̽·̽ӣ׹ȵȴڶߺ̽ȥǰ̽·󲿶ȫں棡
⼸ȫ壡һǵһˣ
Ȼ˵ˣЩ˻ȥ̽ʵЩ˴󶼻Ϊڻң
ַ֪һˣ඼ԪߣܹˣڶԪʹɾߣܹһˣǿǵ֣˭Ҳ֪жˣ
ַõϢ֮д󾪣һʱͨŮ派ѪϵСѩʵ㱨
ַ绺ĵ֣ν壬һˣ
ЩεĵҲûа취£׹ȹѾµһĸҲӣǵһҲĴ㣬սֻҪ̽ʵ֮ʱͺáֵܲȥĻڻԳȥ
ַЩȻĵк࣬ܺʹһÿ߷֮£ҵȻҪȥ
Щĵ˵ͷҹûпֵܡ

ַ磬ЩԡСٻַԺ
ﲻԣ
жµľ㣬Ҿ͸оԣʮˣԪϵĸ֣
ûҺԶиĸＯС
ַʲôԵģϵ֮ʿܱȻ˶࣬ＯҲҪȥġ
ðɣһ֪ˡ
ַŸˣƼˮ꣬ȣ˵ˣкԼֲʶԼݣѵϳԼ
ܣ
ǾСٻôһ˵ַһۡ
֮Ĳޣ
ǴӵߺõʲôϢһ˼ӿ˽ŲַжСѩķӽ
ʮӺԶƴɱŭ֮
Сѩŵٶ˴˿Ѿȥһ룬߾Ȼˣ
ַ󾪣ô£
ôô֣Ҵ඼Ԫϵĸ֣
˿̵СѩѪȻǵ˵ѪСѩΪЩ˸˲Сѩʯһһߵ¡
ǴʱԶļǧڵĸ֣ĸֲûг֣
֣Сѩ
Ǻڵʲô
ַûע⵽ԪڵǸӵԼ߿ͬʱѾӽַʮҡ
켣ǧ˵Ķ֮Уʱ߶ַûߵΣ
ͻȻ֮䣬ԪڵǸӵжһѺذףϢַķƶ
ַ磬СˣҪԸ㣡ȻӰصĺΣ޷ӳҵķۣһַ緢ֲˣȴӲʶ
ԪڴӵԪڵĸһΪѾڣ˿Ѿƶַ״ͻȻĳַ֣ؿڴȥ
֣Сģ
ַһֱ͸վһ𣬸ڵһʱ䵲ַǰ棬ذ׺ݺݵĴ̽˸еš
ж
Ȼذ״̽ţ౻͸Σǻ
ַ緢ָе˿˺Ѫ綾Ѿ˸еĽȫɢ
ȪˮҲֻȪˮܾȻУ


ַҸ¼ŸмڣȫޣַܱóһƿȪˮҪк֮ʱǿסַ磬л
ַŲǲܹĹΧ󷽼ٳȥַճ룬һã
һӰַӹַ緢Ȫˮɣ
ûг˼ַ磬ȥַеȪˮ
ʱͬʱַΧ
λϴƿ֮һ󴿾ɢڿ֮С
ַʲôûж룬óȪˮк¡
ȪˮһΪϢû뵽Ȫˮ
Ȫˮ
Զڶ߷׷׵Χ˹а˼
кȪˮ֮Ƭ֮䣬ϵȫָ
˿ַ̣Ѿǧ˰Χ
϶СϵȪˮܶ࣬ѵҵȪˮȪۣ
Ȫ֣˵۾һֻҪӵȪۣôȡ֮֮ߵȪˮÿ˶зݣ
ҪȪˮб¾ȡ
ַ翴ŸУмĵ֣лл㡣ﲻ£Ҳ档
ַ벻ƼˮֵΪԼһԼûȪˮп϶
ַתĿɨͿûʵ
ʱַͻȻоһһѷذײַĺ󱳣ţһɷӡַ壬ַ࣡
ַ쳣תͷϤ״˿ѾЦа
Ϊʲô
һжǸȦףͼһ𣬾һȦף᰾ưɵ¼Ҳǵİţֵɱ㣬Ǿ㣬ȻҷŸϢҲǼٵģ׹Ȳ壬ڽ죡ôǶὫܣȡеȪˮ
˭Լ
ַһˣǾ˾
Լ֤æģҲֻ˾֪Լڵݣ
ַ磬ʲôãƼѵһż֤ݾӹǵ۾ô
ҸմǴذ֮ս磬ȪˮҲܸԭˡ
飡
æء
ȷʵæڽ⿪ս磡
սǽһΧڸգ˵ڲս磬ô˵޷ԭ
޷ԭôַڵʵʮ֮ڱ
ַ磬ɣ
˿̵ַ磬ˣȫĹ᲻˵ͬʱ֣һڹԽַɱ
ַЦţժеĿռָ˶˹ȥַӰʧռ䡣
ǿĹڵϣը޿ӣ
أ
ַأ
ȻǲûйڹַȥǼַնĿռָ
ַͰѿռָжתƵǬ˿λϴеĿռָǿһ
û֪ûж
Ǵ򲻿ռָ
֪ռָ֮Ҫ򿪱˵Ŀռָ˽Լ
򲻿ַĿռַָ֤û
ǿд򿪣ռָͱ飬Ķռʧ


212 ׷
˿̵ַȪ쳣ʹࡣ
Ǭ֮ʱĥ˵˿̵ַ౬飬ȫǿڵάת
ַѾûˣȫûһֻ֪άŴԵת
ַ˿̲Ȫˮˣ
ƿڴĸ˵սŪذţˡ
Сٻ㼱ʲôĽ£˷ֲңСĳǵ˹˵ĻҲˡ
ܲôСѩܵУַ粻ȥ˸޷ֿô
ַȻʧȥ֪ʶǳţ˵ûзŸҵϢǼٵģȫСѩСѩѾԮܼʱϵֻܰСѩ
Сٻ˵Ҳûǣ˱ôãึôܣȥҲ޲Ǳӡ忪ӡ

ǳƽս磬ڽҪƿսҲҪСʱ
սĻһ¾Ϳƿַ棡һһĲսַľѪܺϸĻҲȲַ磡
ֶΪַս磬Сѩڿս
иַĴϢַСѩСѩû˺Ԯ
ַСѩֻһǧܣҶǵΪߣСѩŵȫԼ࣡
˭Ҳû뵽ܣ
˿̣СѩʮΧͬСѩȪˮϴѾﵽԲټʯûһСѩĶ֣
Ľս߸޷룡룬ֻڻңֻԶԶĹ
ʮѾСѩˣСѩʱҲˡ
Ⱥ֮лʮûг֣Щ˶Ƿ׹ȵˣ
׹Ϊ˽壬ɳʮʮλʣ
ڲսֻʮҲ֮һ֮ûж
ЩһСѩܿģ
ȴֻԶԶĿŽսֳڵȣֻҪסСѩ˳ϵʱһ򾡣
СѩʥŮʥŮ£ǿĵˣҲǰԮ
Ǹиַ˵ϢַָСѩĺԮٳٲܵ
ҾʱˣСѩϿ϶ȪˮɱȵõȪˮ˵
Ƿ׹ȵĹ׷磡
˿ǳƣڷۣȫɢеƣû˿ɱ⡣
ô
Աߵһ㶣˼ǡ
˵֮ŮһĴˣӵвʯڵŮ派Ѫ̹ſٵ֮ʱŮػ֮ҲҪȪˮͲʯҸҪõŮ派Ѫ
Աߵ׹ͼֻҪõŮ派ѪͿԺŮ洺ͨͿȫʹʯ
Ҫġ
ȡŮ派Ѫַʽһ־Ů洺ĸԸĸ㣬ڶ־Ǻͬ
Ȼ϶ŵڶַʽ
ɱһԲѣҪ׽Сѩ̫ˣ
СѩԸԸŮ派ѪԱҲѡ񱻻׽οСѩѾŮ派Ѫַ磬㣬׷ǲ֪ġ
ȫϰɣСѩץסȥ˽Ǳߵȫɱʱ׷߼ʮСѩ
޷ֿĹȪˮҲ޷ָԼ
ȪˮָԶûĳֵٶȿ죡
ɣȫ飬պȪˮָһĹѵ
ÿ˺ͻָϳż˵ĥˣ
ܲˣһʥŮǧȥˡ
ͻȻһƿȪˮȫȫת£һ޺һߴԶžܳ˵
һճȥͱһķɣ״һæȥ
ճߣֻľ޴ӰѾѹ˹
ûзӦѾһã

Сѩȫڲ֪˲䱩ǣؼҲһ·
һֳСѩķһ޺߰˸ķɣ
е˼˼׷絭ЦţԲԶһСߣȥɱ
ǹ
СߵһԲòȥֻжʮңʵѾҡ
СߵһѷĽһķȥ
һжһȥܵĳͣٶһ¼һ̣СߵĽѾĺ
ÿĽ
赲Ĵ͸ĺ޺һѾϣв
˫צ޴Сߵ壬Сһĳϡ
н֮Χһϸϸĺߣţͷ­ߵȥ
Сͬھ

Сѩŭ𣬳սȦ
׷絭Цţû뵽С߻һɱС߱Բǰֱ֣̫ˡ
СѩС㣬Ǹǹ߰ɣǹͺҲ˺壡
СѩǺεȴЩγ飬϶Ϊ˻׽ԼǵĿľõԼϵĶ
СѩŭЩ޳ܵ࣬ô
սʮ򲻹СѩʮһϣСѩܿ·磡
ǻ׽СѩʮҲǳѣҪɱСѩף׽ǳѡ
Сѩÿγжʮȴ֣ɱСѩһŭŭκܲģ
СѩȪˮܶôصֻҪȪˮͻԭʮ˲أСѩԽԽ
ĻȻȥʮͻᱻСѩĶ
һȺ
׷ŭڳ֣һâСѩ˲䱻ķ飡
֮СѩӰߵķһУ֮һɫֱӽСѩ˵صס

׷תͷȥսֳվһʯ֮ϣݡ
˱׷İ׷ԲĴӣԲѵСѩ
˽Сѩ׷ǰסŪѹ
׷絭ĿСѩСѩС㣬ҽһ£Ƿ׹ȵĹ׷ˣܸʶ㡣
׷磬ҪɱҪ㣡
СѩС㣬ôɰŮôɱأ
㵽ô
ôѵ㲻֪ôŮ派ѪʯȪˮҰɣҿԷŹˣͻɢ
Сѩŭһ׷ˣݺʵҪЩôʿ磬Ȼѡ˹ǻ£㲻Ǵô
Ǵ
׷ЦֻԸ˵Ը壡׹ȣҴЩ˶ԼˣǷ׹ȣҺԨԴǷһЩ飬֮˾ȻɱҵĶˣܲ
СѩЦǿЦȫǽڣ˵ˣҪŮ派ѪʯȪˮˣҲ㣡Ҳ˷ѣ
׷ףԼʵҪЩȷûʲôãΪ׷ʵͳԽĴڣ׷һֱ磬ǴʹóԽ
ɵʵԽռԣʥ³ʥɳΪʥصΧûʥص˽жʹóΥߣɱ⣡
׷õŮ派ѪʯȪˮٶȴãԵõЩûãֻħô½ô
ɵĹݣһ֮ϣ֮£ȥħô½ֻΪһСӣȥħô½ڵưԳ
ŲԸ뿪磡
׷Цõϵ챦Ըȥħô½СѩС㣬㻹ǽҰɣıﻻȡȫǳ㣡
ǺǣɱҰɡ
ɱ㣬ʲôòҲɱҲɱ㣬㲻ϵıҾͻǰһһɱ
СѩЦǧǰħսϵ鶼޷壬׷磬ƾ㣿
Ǻǣǧǰڣڣ˭أʥŮˣŮ洴ˣѵ㣿
СѩΪҲ֪ʲôõҪĶ֮󣬾ͻὫɱһɶοǵʵܹôػܶԿô
׷ҪôֻҪץסʥŮҿǵ˻᲻㡭
㡭
Сѩֻ֪Ҫ֪ԼץϢƴǰȣ
ֻҪûػıô׷磬ֻ·һ
׷ֻҪץסСѩãͿԽһ򾡣

ƿַ֮ս磬ֱ۵ĳ˯
սƳַ֮ڸԭȪˮϴ֮£ַĹָܿ״̬
ַ粢û߳Ǭڰй۲ʧ̬ķչ
Ŀǰ׷СѩСѩˣһ򾡡
ԪַֹֻĽŲǼʮеʻ׷ˣַ޷Կ
ʵַ粻Ǻ׷ã϶һٽʵ
ôóȻСѩĻȫû
ַͽȥ߸֮ˣ
Ǭһų͵͵ǱУûһ˻ע⵽һ΢СĳƮ
ˣˣû˷ˡʮ֮󣬽ĻַԺ
нʶɨӣַ϶ȷԼİȫ
ַһʱŮ派ѪϵСѩСѩԼ뷨
ַ֮ȫٳ
һʱ֮ڰ·ַ˻ʨ
ʨڵ˼СʱûСѩϢ֪Сѩ£ǸӦСѩûǴǧӪСѩ
ʲôˣԻʨΪ˽ӽǵˡ
ַ
࣡ɱ
ҿַ绹˵ͱְΧ
Ȼɱַ磬ôס
ַŲǲڵ˵Ĺ֮У߶Ů派ѪѪϢɢ˳
ʥŮ˵Ϣ
û
ס֣
ʨϸϸĴַ磬࣬ʥŮѡˣ
ַͷ
ʥŮôѡһ࡭
ܣʥŮ˲ô
ʥŮ˲ǵġ
Ǳѡ

ŭĿַ磬ɱ˵Ļַͷˣ
ûлʨû˸Ҷ֡
УʥŮѡŮ派Ѫ࣬ѡ飬ôȥܣ
ʹļ׵ĵʥŮΪʲôҪôΪʲôҪѡһ֮࣡𲻹죬ѵҪôΪʲô
ʨڻļ£ȱżʥŮôһԭȿô˵
ַ֪뵽Ӧ
ӡǵϢͷ˳һΣյϢ
ʱ󾪣еȫ¹Ĥݵĸо


213 ӡצ
ϵϢϢ
ʨæⲻֻϢѣӡǣ˵Ѿѡ࣡
ַջӡǣλȻһ࣬źͬѪԸվͬһսϣʹҹˣͬ
ûлַĻӡǺŮ派Ѫƭġ
ǰ˳ɳһ
һʵɸıʵ
ݼˣ
ͻȻ򳤰ݡ
ַȻǿֻǵĻ飬ǵֵܣǵݺһȵĳɳһ죬ٹҰɡ
һһ˾Ȼ˴ȣԽݺǲսָоһƽһؤֵһ㣬ʱѪڡ
ַ罫·սϸĸ߸ʨ֮쳣ŭ
ˣ

Ȼ˵Сѩϣ֮·ģǣͻʨһʣЩֵһ㣡
ܴ磬һģһ㱨ȥֵǣһĸһ
ʨŭ޺𣬡ɱǿһֻ۱һֻۣ˭ɱǵˣʨһҪ

ַ׷˾ʥŮ˽ȥóȻǰȥ޷׷˶ԿʱĻˣԴҲȥһҪӳ飡
ʨַжϣǲȥӪʥŮˣʥŮʱ⵽ΣգʥŮһУʥŮʲô£ͻĳͷ
ַʥŮ˿϶ҪȣҺһİΣҪʥŮˣƾ
ʨ֮ټǵһԺһսʨҪӪʥŮˣ
ַ缱æֹĻԺһսǵʱֻܾˣǵʧ̫ˣʤ໹б˻룬ʱǾһͿأԶ޷ҪľǱʵֻҪ˻ǿҲ޷ھʥŮΨһİ취ǽȱӡʹȥħô½ͨ
ʨȱӡˣʥŮҲҲǿн֮ԶԶžͽȥ̸ħô½ͨϼѡ
ַ絭ЦţλҪģа취
Уλɴ۾ŵĿַ硣
ַ֣صĵͷҿԡҺʥŮ֮ͨҲ֪οӵӡǣӡǵ⿪ӡһİգɣսҲ٣
Ȼ˵а취ַŸô˵
λжһ£ַӵӡǣԿһԣȳצǿҲ޷ֿ
ַʥŮʱûΣգǻɡ
ͷ
ַӡҪͱ
ϹʱŮֲµŮһػ磬Ҳ޷ƿͱ˵ˡ
ǧ֮أȻ˵ػǴҲ͵º֮ܶԸ֮⣬ҲԸ
ǧǰħսצӡȣȣķӡͽ磬֮˸޷СѩƾŮ˾ѪͲʯԽ룬޷Ϊצҿӡ
ַڣһǧ֮ߵĽɫסȥ·ĴسΪһ塣
ַ粢ûд֮ϸӦκȴһָоܴݻǰһУ
֮˻룬һɫĹâ֮ɨûгκ쳣
ַͻʨûȥ
ػÿһ˽Ҫϴˣṥ壬ͻֹǳԽռڵֻҪâϣҷ𡣡
˿ַ쳣ţȫǺˮ
飬аô
ټŮ派Ѫɱ㣬ûˣ
Ȼô˵ǽûиַ϶Ĵ𰸣ַĸо

ʱһӰ˳ַļͷ
Сè
ʨַͷСèɫͱ䣬æڵأμˣ
Сèͣĵɣûǵ£Ƚȥɡ
ʨսս߽ԴСѩСèֻСè۸˸飬ÿ춼͵͵͵ˣҲûʲô˭˼أ
Сè˻ʨÿζʨӴ󿪿ڣҪıҲڸ֮ѰŪĻɢ
Сèʧˣ֪ȥˣŴһⲻˣλСèˣСèַĹϵҲоѡ
ãСèûλҪλһˡ
ְ֣֪ҪҸϹˣְ߽ȥûġ
ûַûлСèĻŵ亹գŲһ߽ȥˣҺСèļʱ
ǵģŮµĽƣ˿Խ֮⣬˽ȥֻһȻְܿסĹȥûˡ
סĹʲôЦ
ַСèô֪ôࣿҸо񳤴ˣ
СèգŴ۾ѽְֽ֣ˣ

ַ𾪣СٻˣСèҲ̫˰ɣ
һ£ÿνʵķԾҪһΣҪǧʱ䣡СèӳѾΣ
СèΪˣѾһʮ꣬òȱ
ְ֣㿴ǲǳˣ
ַѣεĸоУ㲻ҪҰְˣûôĶӡ
ְ֣ҵİְ֡
ףְ֣أСèͻȻַ֣߲Сѩ
ַ缱æûæְ£һæȥ裬ʱһȥ
˵Լȥ棬Ͱְһû˼
ڲܸСèСѩСèȥôַ֣ҲȷСèӦСèٳʲô£ǾĴ²ˡ
ַСèͷӰְҪȥһܵĴ£ûȤְһȥأ
ʲô£СèǳԻֵֹĶַ硣
ȥȷӡצûȤһȥ
Ŷ˵ǸĺǸϳһ٣ǸӡҲȥѵְа취
ַȻСèצ
ұԣıҼͳˣȻûĳԵˣԼȥңҵǸطҷ˺ôľŽȥҲûҵʲôóԵģͺǸ˼ܡ
ˣСèְȥ
СèͻȻַ߲У˽ȥ
֮䵽߲֮ϣǳηһ㣬Ѹٵ˻ȥ
ڣСèֱץַзȥ
Сè㲻ζԷɣ
ȻѾˣڵʵѾԽռĴڣǷжѣС˼
ַǰСèֻһ໴СϻڣѾԼϲϵĴڣ
СèֱӴַ֮ڡ
Сèַأְ֣ҼУǰְҪסǧҪҶȵǽƺͽ磬һһͻӦʱҲӦ
ţӣģְһжģҶġ
ַ緽סСèСèȥСѩԲŽСèӵģôһУĸĲ˿ˡ
Сèϵ߲֮âʢץַ磬ȥ
ڹ⣬һƬɽˮǽַ֮翴һƬɫռһƬ޾ĳռݣκ
飬СèΪʲôһ¶ô࣬Ҳ࣬Ѿӽ˳ˡ
Ĵнÿһνж֪ʶԶиСèСèֻҪѧϰɡϣ֮֮ãСèһõʲô֮Բٴν
룬һǧɵľ޴̾ڴˣͻȻо˽ӽһ޴ͷ­߸ߵ̧
ôһɽһҵĶһ㡣
ְ֣û
׵ĸ߿֮Уַ翴һɽľ۾ԼСèķ
룬㣡
СèЦһ˭ңСҽƬ
бѽбʹӡʱҰĳһ룡
ббµĻᱻô˭ǰ˵ʷģһѱһģ
룡һŭַɽȱ
СèǰûѰʼʱСè죬ĵĻͦͶΪǧûк˽̸ˣСèҲģôˡ
ĵĺúõģǵĵһһĻϣڳˣ˳ҹҲûзֳȻ˶ŭһܣһָ£ȥ
Сè֮¾ˣ֮ǰ˵һ˰ȳȻһܣֳߵͣ
˳˰죬ַͷˣûϻ֮ǰæֹˣҪ֪˭Ұȳ˵
ࣿ
㣿
룬˵ҪȳҺҴܣȥһңôһСࣿô
צŭУһأǶԼ裡
ǹҧҵˣ˰æ֮гʱǰ㣬㲻鲻˵㻹˵㣿㣬ܰôΣ
ˣһˣ
ҪŭԼҲΪ˭ѣбҪ´Լôѵˣ
ʼ࣬ôûһر֮
ȻӡַܲϢֻĿַ磬жһ¶ѡ
ַˣĲҪˣǿҪ壡ʥŮ˱ܻ취Ŀǰֻſ壡
ʲô
Сèͬʱ󾪣
Сèŭַ磬ְ֣㲻˵ûôôƭң
ַʱû£಻ôģֻץס裬ˣһ򾡣ĸ㣬϶᲻ҵȰǰȥ裬ʱʲô£ľͳˣ
Сèڵľ磬ССࣿΪʲôԾ壬ҲôѵҲǸ
СèȻ㲻УҪ֤һʧʲô£ְֻĵΡ˷׹ȵˣϵһˣʮʮʣǻصֻоȳ֣ſԽˣ
СèҲĻأæеǰְ
룡࣬ң
СèҪڲǳܵʱ
צܾȳԼǴźͰգ
Īǰ࣬һָо
ҽַ磬ӵӡǣʥŮѡˡַ򵥵ĽһԼ
£צһʲô
ַ磬㣬ӡǵԿƳӡ


214 Ʒ⣡
飬аô
߳ɣµķӡʮĳһλ߳İգ
ַһ㶣߳󣿣СǼأ
ɣŪãСèҲᱻ棡
ַ类齽һˮַԥˣԼСèĻôСѩ˭ȣռ»ĸ𣡻Сèȥɱһͨһ˿ϣ
֮֮и͸ûôʧܵģ񷽲뼰ʱϵžһԼеģ
ַ練ʣ飬ô
ûС
Ļشַ
ֻûʮģľצа˳ɵĲСè棡
ĲǰգаյĻͲҪģһʵǿʵȥһУԾͲҪģ
ַĿʲô
ĿܣǷӡȫ˻ΪС
ַ̲סŭ˵Ҳˣ
Ѿʶ̽ȣӡרŶԸġӡԽġ顯ȫӡӡ㣬һӡ֮磬ڶ֮磡֮磡ƽ֮ȫвͨģΪΪ飬Ǵﵽſ;ƿôҪýݾȥƿ
ַ֪СѩѾˣһ͵ڶȥܺ俪ôͿԾȳ䲻ô֮ͻԶԭҲͱ棡
ûĽһһ㣬ͻըȣҪһķӡڶ㣡ȫ֮ͽ㣬ǰͻ㣬ʱѾڵ棬ǰͻṥ磡Ҳᷴʱ򣬾ӡӡҲʣ޼ҲᵲסӡôеķӡͻḴԭǾԶڽˡ
Ŀܾȫ齵˭ҲȲǡ
򵥣ǳѣĹÿιһͨʣ˭Գܣ
Сèһʱһһ˲Сˣ֮СèСֻڰȫצҿ緶Χ
Сè㱣ңƿһĽ磬ȥһ͵ڶм䣬һӡ֮طڶ㣡ͬķ㣡Сèٶȱҵٶȿˣ߲ԽҲЩִԣʩչطȫ˺ʱҵİȫͽˣ
Сèصĵͷְ֣ģȻǿҲ޷Ըǹٶȸϲңϴҵʱ֮˷ӡҶԿӡˣˣԣֻҪְа취ƿ磬ʮİհȫְֽڶ㣡ƿıը˲ǣ
ַСèʮİգҲ
ַСèվڵһʮ״ַСѩط
طСѩͨŮ派Ѫ̸ԼģַûʹùǵһʹãԷǳСĽ
һʧͻȫ̽䣬ĴַһҪһγɹ
һռַĻɢַⲻһֹڽͷӡ֮
ϹžѧʥƷ֡˺һеķӡͽ磡ֻʱ˺ƽͻҪСˡ
֮صһ˵һ硣
ꡭ
ɽһ𶯣һӡΣһצΪģԲǧ֮һҰɫİԲν罫צС

ַط㵽֮һ类˲˺һԲζڣ
Сèץַ磬һ˶ڣ
Сèպַ˵һ֮ں͵ڶм䣬һһѾȫַСèķ׷
Сèٶȷǳ죬ȫڵһ͵ڶյش
һײڶĻڶʱַСèֻڴˡ
СèַӴܣܵһĹÿ֮ľ붼мԶֻҪڶȽ磬һǲṥڶ硣
˿̵ֶַʩչطƿڶ磡
ڶϱַƿһȱڣСèͷ򶴿ڵķȥ
䣡
Сèַ˵ڶͬʱ˱һǿƷɡ
ڽڶʱСè˸ͷֻͣһ붼ʱ䣬ͱĹ׷
СèһѪϵ߲һЩ
ַǳСèǴ˿̲ǹСèʱ
Ҫ磡ַ
СèˣƲסĺַһײ˹ȥ
Ǵ˿̵СèоԺڵƺһ±һ㣬һһ൱һСè뻯ͻҷˣ
飬ȫң
ȻѾܲҪײ磬ַͻȻи󵨵뷨ݵʱȥ˺磡
鼱ٵĴ߶ַʩչط٣ַ羭Ѫܲסͻӵ˲䱬ѡ
ҿ
һ˲䱻ַ˺ѳһȱڣַСèȥڵצצַСèס
ȥͬʱַ糷ȥطĽѾ޲ϣ
䣡
һ͵ڶĹڵ֮ϣ
һжһ˲䣬һ룬ַСèͻҷ
һεĹõһ͵ڶȫǧ﷽Բȫսţȥ
䡭
һ͵ڶȻǿ󣬵һʱ磡翪ʼԶ͵һڶײһ𣬲ǿĻ
˿ַóƿȪˮԼһƿСèһƿ˺֮еԭ
ŷŵһоһַ£
Ȫˮצоһ۷ŹĿַ硣
צǧ꣬ʶȫӡдȪˮĻצĹһָһЩ
ȻһƿȪˮǲָģצս鶼ֹģҪȪˮ
ǣַдȪˮ
СãӡȫһὫӡеĶ
ûǵһ͵ڶںĽ磡ǻԵıը˵ȫ
ȫĵͻȻ͵һڶںϣħΪ֮ľ
ַЦʲôȪˮǣ
ǣֱַӽһʮ׷ԲĴӣȻǬȪˮӵʱ䣬ȪˮѾմӣ
ַצŸʲôϿȣҪȻǶ
ż񰡣һȪˮһΡצȫǰһУ
ǧ֮ǰȻΪ飬ȪˮǼǼȪˮƴĶǰྐྵȻŪһԼȣ
צ쳣ĿַһۣȻſŰ죬Ȫˮ

צôһˮͱĸɸɾ
צϰƬɫĹâһɹǿϢɢ˲оѾָһɣ
ַУȣĻͿȣ
ַΪ˽ʡʱ䣬ֱӽȪˮһɾ޴ˮצ죡
Сèһһ㣬ɴ۾ſˮְŪôõĶôңצʳڵСèҲҡ
ְ֣ȹˣһ㣡
ַŬ֮£צڻָ
ȪˮȻ챦ָצǲܵģȪˮֻǶ¾˷ǳЧΪѾĴڣָʵҰӡǸӡǣ
ıըѾַСè˲צƬ֮¡
צչ߿գӷӡıը֮дԽȥ
ֻӵʱ䣡ӵʱ䴩ȥӡֻḴԭʱצַ硢Сèᱻӡڴˣ
䣡
ӡյͽצմ䣬ѵҳһǧ֮ӣ
һι춯ҡһ㣡
ַоѵ齻ս
צŭ̲סֿڣҿӻָȫʢʱڣǸë
צַȥǺֱܿ
ÿαµ棬ƬµСèַ綼ʮһ㣡˿˳ȥԻᱻӡɱ
ַһֱûţ齫ַ괦ӡڻİ룡ַܵʹûʲô
Ȼ齫ʹ̶ѹƵ͵㣬ַܵķΧҪȻַľͱˣ
ڣڶʮ֮ӡ㱻ַ֮а
ס
ַȻһƿȪˮ֮󣬽ӡצ
ʦ񣡡
צûʱ룬ֱӽӡɣ
צӡǵһ˲䣬ӡѾȫֽһеҪӡһдݻ٣
ӡܿûצ壬ǧ׳˲䱻һ룡צݻٵɢΪһƬޣ
еĵǹġ֮ǳֲ
㻹ôУצҪˣ
˵ģΪͽܣӡǵӡǵ⾻ƨ
ֻצһ޺ֻʣ°ص˸߿գһɫӡǻع鵽ͷü֮֮צڿٵڴͬʱצӴѸСš
ַСè˴ӿˤ£Сèץַ罫ַ簲ȫ棬ͷտȥ
צѾȫԭһʮ׳ľâţ
ţͷ𽥱һͷͷȻһޱȵŮҲһȫ塭
һûһ£СŮ塣
Ůŭȣǧ꣬뾻ң
ƣ
Ůڿһӵӡ֮ü֮һ貵Ľ⣬˲佫ռһƬɫâ֮ǷӡɢΪУ
ֻת֮䣬âȡ
һ룬ַΧȥһƬɵľȫ֮һƬɽˮ

һжѾӡڻΪУצڱ˳
Ůӿ£ַлл
أôлңСèŮüŮĻ
ŮЩ˼ĶСèȻҲҪл
СèааĿŮǸôлأ
ŮҪôлأ˵ҪҴһѽ
СèŭҾ㣬㻹ҪҴܣôԴ˵ô
ŮһǾңǴܣ£㲻ҪΪһ̸
ʲôΪҲ֪СèƲͣΪǰ׳ڵõҴҴĹôб㽫ӡǻҰְ֣ٺ򣡡
Ůɫһ䣬ûٺСèȥǶַַ磬ǰҴӷӡ֮оȳģӡǡܲܡ
Ů˵ţȻ˵ˡ
СèǸǣʲô˵Ѳɣ㲻ӡǻҰְˣ
ŮƲһСèҽСŮ
СèдŮĻһء
СèַЩŭȱˣѻ˵ô
Сèŭһְ֣۸ң˲ҡ
СèһСŮһ㣬ַܵһߣַ硣
Ҳ
ַ纹ա


215 ս
צӡǧ꣬顢񱻼ӡ𣬹ȫʧַȪˮצָ˼ɹ޷צԭ̸ԿӡͻΪΡ
ַ֮罫ӡǽצ֮צӡǵΪΣֱӽӡ
ӡĴ۾ӡѾʧȥһ
ʱצҲûлָ״̬ǾѾӡǵָʥ磬ҿɻΪˡ
ڣצȫӡǵά֣ڽӡǽַ磬צ»ǧĳ˯ָơ
ַǽӡǽצģצ˿϶ҪȥôصĶצҲָ˼һƽ޹ʵ͸Լ
צ֪ôַ翪Ҫӡǣ
ַ統Ȼ֪צĿǰ״Ѿַ硣ַ罫ӡǾôȥַ϶̫Ը⣡ӡǵַľһĳ̶֮󣬾ͿԿʱͿԳΪһӵȫ
ĺöôܽأ
Ŀǰٽ壬ֻצſȫ⣡ջӡǣצǰ׾ô
צΪΣ֮ҪĻַ˵ڣ˼ˣ˼ҰæˣæֹӲ˼˯ַ
ԣַˡ
ַͻȻһðһȫ뷨С㣬ڷǳ˽⣬ҾΪ˽Σ״ֻҵӡά֣Ҳ֪ӡ¹شҲ׸ˣʦҲܸ㣬ϵһˣһȫİ취ӵӡǣҲӰƣ취ҪίСˡ
צԣĴмҴӷӡ֮о˳ִӡǣκҪҶӦ㣬˵ɡ
ַһһĵҪǩƽԼˣ
ַ˵ÿֶצػһ£ϹצһǩԼǻצɱˣ
צɣָӡǣò˼꣬ҾһҳΪˣ࣬鴫ȥΪϹޣΪĵˣһΪĵˣҲܴӦ֮⣬ҶܴӦ㡣
һСèԲˣ˵椣ôôԽôˣǿ㣡ࣿûǿҲǺǩƽԼôôһĵˣĵˣ
צ룬ûеľ磬ֻռ죡㵽磬˵ǩԼôʱὫʬΣ
СèЦûȥ磬ҵõǴм䣬Ҳ֪٣Ҷ֪٣֪ôֻҪӵǿʲôЦݣ붼ĴڣѡҵˣӡǽˣѵΪûǿô
צתһ룬ǰѡ࣬ѪѪĳޣ붼ˣôһǷӣ
ַ磬㵽ʲôݣצȷһַݣַܳԼôַûǿԺ϶Уôצԥ
ַҡͷ΢Ц£ҵݲܹ
Сèʲôݣ϶ܸ㣬һ©ϢǶ군ˣʥŮѾѡҵˣʥŮңʲôҵģ
˵Ů洺ʥŮѡַ磿צ־һ
롢Ů洺˶ѡ࣡
צĲţ
أҲѡʱСٻϢֱצԺ
Ǭ
Ǭ࣬ǽ鲻ңȻצַһħûʲô£Էһ֪ԽԽã
צƬ̣ɫòڴӦַҪ
ҵ˿ԣҺǩƽԼ㲻ҵκɣԼϢԲܴȥ
צҪͺûǩԼûʲôַΪܳצԼƺͿצﲻָ߶ȣצԶ֮
ַãҴӦ㡣
һâצַǰ˻ָԵγһѪ֮С
ܿ죬һйƽǩԼɹ
צַҵˣΪҴ
ַСŮֲܰͽɡ
צԣⲻУϵˣ뻻һ
ʵצ룬ڸ֣Ժ磬ͷ棬ԲСŮ֣
ϹצͽСɡ
С壿צܲ⣬ˣǻɣ
С˳ڣֲССè졣
룬Ҵ򣡡צһŭ֮£һƽСèɡ
ʥĹСèֵ֮ûУ
б±ӡǵСèֳٴαɡ
ַҡͷЦСٻһ쳳죻СèСһ𣬾ذ
Ժûкӹˡ

צ֮󶼴۾˭Ҳû뵽צһഺŮ
ˣѾſڣҲһֱַİŰδĿ뽫帲ĿǰʥŮѾУ˾ȻʥŮˣ
צӷӡĿǰȻͳצ
С嵭ĵû£һɱȥʥŮ˾ȳǡ
ɣַæС壬ʥ磬ѾԶԶܷΧʥٲ˵ʱʥصһ֣ԣǱƻһСѩȫȳ
ַ纰צΪС壬һַӵӡǵĴУƺצҲûвס
ʥأߣСһʥصʲôһɱһɱһ˫ҾͲʥгԽҵĴڣ
ַ纹գС̫ˣ
ھͳҺȥͺˣЩǵסǵģ
ַҲȥ
ַ磬˵㣬Ϊȥ֮Ҳǰװں͵˽սʱɲϲˣ
СèĲҪ㱣ô㵱Ҳڰ
СַѾЭ飬˵ʱСַ֣û˵ʱųַΪˡ
ҲҪ㱣һչ˺ԼģİɡַţǬڣû˵Լ
Сû˵ʲôȥַСè
С屻ǧ֮꣬ǣ˿ѾȲɱɱɱһ

׷˽Сѩܻ֮󣬵һ춼嶯ǽ
Ȼûһ˸ҳȥֻ֮ȴ
ֻҪ˳һɱһ
׷˲ţ˻᲻ǵʥŮ
ڶ磬ڿһӰ˳
ߵôãһŮ߶֮ԱǣûнС
СĿСѩλɨһ£Ŀǧ֮һĽ䡣
ʶһСһ߶ԼĶ֣вԼˣ
Сѩʮλĸ֣Сѩһ֮УСѩƣСҲ޲ߡ
׷˲ɱСѩСѩϵõʯȪˮŮ派ѪȻСѩҲ׷˵ʣ˲ɵֵ֣ôСѩĵƺͱ
ԣ׷ǲɱСѩ
С۲һڶߣȻСѩΧЩ˲ܶôˣٺ١
׷˵ĿһֱСϣŮ磬ʶһӽŮ׵ķΧͻʧҲ˵ʶ޷
ʲôˣ׷˸С庰
Сû˿仯Ķ촽ⲻǷϻôˣǷ׹ȵ׷ˣ
ûǱ֪лʨȻҺͻʨûм棬Բһң㵽ʲôˣ
ʲô˲ҪҪǣʲôģҶʥŮ׹Ⱦ͵Ȱɡ
С˵꣬׷ˣ·Ⱥ
ֻһӰСڵλѾӰһ̣Ⱥ֮һɧͲҽС
СӰһֱ·ߵһͷȥһͷһʱ䣬ڷۿȥһ̻վԭصߣһѾһűʬ塣
СֻȺ֮תһȦѾǧ˵£
ЩȫǱɱ쾳絽磬ûһܵסС壡
ϸȥÿ˵Ĳ֮϶һϸСѪӡţѪӡԽɢԽ󣬶󡰹ࡱһͷ­壬
ʴԲ׷˾
ֲԼʶ̽ⲻԷǳԭԷʴԲ綥Ĵڣôһôǿĸ֣
һֱڷӡ֮ڣϡҪﵽʴԲǸǲܵģ
ľôðôһˣ׷Ȼ𾪣ģƽһ飬ս
ʣµļǧһʱǱӣһ֣һսûУ
˿ַ̣СèѾ˵ٶ֮ǱСһЩ˳󣬿ǰһŵʬĴɢȺ֮ʱȵĳͣ
Сèɴ󺰣̫ˣ
ַͷʾͬ⡣
ǧ꣬϶Ҫйһ£СèߣҪһӵ㶫߷߷򣡡
ã
ַСèӴܵȺ˹ȥ
ɱ򣡡


ַԼһ´תԲ
ħ֣˵ɱˣɱ
ַһ·߻Ѫ쮷ɣЩһһ㱻ַոȥ
ַ۾ͻȻˡ
ֵܡС˺͸У
˿ַ翴һĸɭ񱼡
ܣ
ǽһֵ˶úһһֱ˳ź󱳵ܿһɹϢдʶʧȥ֪
ҪɱңҪʲô֪Ĳ֪ûݺ㣬ⶼλʦֲ߻ģ֮ǰʲô֪
Сģ־֮ɫ
ûС˵ʵʼʱһֱ֪иַ米һ˵ʵ֮С֪һУСҲֻǼƻеһСֶѣҲǱõӣ
ַޱĵ֪֪ҪΪ㶼Ҫ
ڵˣַԲ飡
СᲱһĨСᵹضȥֹͣ˺
У
ַŭһеķ׷ȥ
ַ޵ľǸУȻԼǬַ촦
пʼַʱ򣬽Ըеľٶɣַ绹ǺޱѡŸУ
ڶΣԪ͵Ϯɱַ磬Ϊַ絲һַӵ˸У󣬸ȴַͱַһ
ַ޲ýʬΣ
ַҪ׷ϸ֮ʱַס
ַ磬óȵĺÿ࣡
ǵַıʹ
ȻôżĵҾͳȫǣ
ַȻԲͬʱսҲûжģ
˼ʵʵһһӡ磬ַǵӵȻȪˮϴ³ַҲﵽԲϹϾԸϲϣ


216 
ŵ죡
ַһʼʹǽڶʽ
λĹȫ˻ȥȥ
Ǵ󾪣һ־ַأȫû뵽Լȫֵ˻Լ
ʲôʽ
ʽ̰ǹ£
˵йȥʱַûʹ̰ǹȥ
ջԼŵĹˣ»ûվȣһĽĻѾӭͷ£
ֻӲ
˼ͬʱĻķȥ
˵ûɣͻȻԼеıɣ
δɣɣַǽһ˿Ļϡ

ꡭ
䡭
Ӱ˳ȥѪ͵һѪ
λȫƤѪ죬ûһɵĵطվȴǰһӰһ˵Ŀͬʱһ˿֣ȥ
˿̵ַҲţԵڵء
ַ缸ȫһǳɣûиԷκηʱ䣬λɱ
λַ֪ʽĻַôɵľɱƽ֣
ַвʹõĻҲ޷ɱ
ַжǾУλȻȳ֣һʼ˱״ֲַ̬лɳˣַץסΨһĻᣬоλֵأλ
ܵַɱλŵĽսҲʱ䣡
ʱһԻὫַɱַ֮ܵȴûһЩӴܵ߿ַôͣԶһɱ¾ħŮӶأ˭ַ硣
ѸٵΪַָȻַָ״̬ҲҪʮʱ䡣
ûַ磬ַɴһ»ָ
ַ֪ϵͲĹûг֣Щ˵Щı޹ؽҪ
ַָ˼ɹеķ׷˹ȥ
нʶ̽⣬иӲַ׷ɱ
ַܿ׷˸УһУ
бΪԼѾӳսȦĺ֮һŵԵڵء
תͷذִүҰɣҲ뺦㣬ҶǱͷƵģҲȥͻûͲҵ°
ַҹǱ˭ƵģأҾҪɱ㣬ô򵥣һԻˣ
ȻҺƴˣ
ͻȻ׵ıеı裬û佣˷ַ˹ȥ
ַЦЦĹַһЦ
ַ翪ɱЩɵĽɱ֮ȫʧ
ַ粻ó֣ɱ֮еͿԽе
һ룬ַľħһеͷ­Ѿ˸߿ա
ַ翴Ӿħеͷ­˲һ࣡
ַһ·ڽɱܵˣ֮ܵоûһַǳ϶ǿߴ඼Ƿ׹ȵˣڴˣǸܣ˷׹ȵЩʣµҲһЩɵһ֮ôܲսӣ⴫ȥĻˣ
ԣַһ·ɱ¾ûһ赲ַĽŲַ׷ɱ£ַұ֤ûһ˻ӳܣ
СèսַǿСèɱַСһޣܿ죬Щ߶ҳСèķܣЩ۴ĸӣӲСèģ
ΪСèɣ
Сèٶȿ׷κܵˣСèɱ˶ɱСèܽ
СèСڷɱ¾ԽɱԽݣСɱһСèɱСһɱĸСèɱ˸
˺ڶһ㣬ˣ
ַЩ
׷Ǳߵļʮûж֮⣬ļǧ֮Ѿɱ
ɽʬҰѪɺӣ
ַ硢СèСվ׷˰׿⡣
ûմȾһ˿Ѫսϵ˵ûаϵ
˶ߵʮסСѩС㣡˹ɱ
ʮϢȫСѩ˳Сѩҷ
һӰѾƮַʮ֮ڡ
ʵΪѾΣվ룬ʮ׾νľ룡
׷˲£Сѩ
׷˵Цţû뵽εƻôԲ˾ͽǵɱʣ޼ôǿҲ޷Ƿ׹ȵ⣡Զ֪ɵǿ󣡡
ַЦһЩԽʾĴôЩˣȥħô½ŰԾͶռİҼˣЩС֮ҲԳǿǵĻɱˣԴޣ㲻¶ˣһ¶أ
㡭׷һ±ַҭסˡ
׷˵ݵλ½˭׷ǰ˵Ļʥص˶Ҫ׷缸ӣ
ַôˣ˵Ĳʵô˵ǿ󣬵ǿˣɱ壬㿴ɱľʣǼˣ˼˵ǿ
׷ѹסԼ챬Цַ磬Ըʶ䣬Ϊ飬Ѿ࣡ߣΪ䵱ӣ޳ܣȻΪȪˮʦ棬ɱʦְֱ࣬Ϊˣ
㾹ȻˣУ
ַ׷˶ַƤȼܵеĿڲţܽѪĻ᳤ɽһǸܺõӣ
ԱߵСèܲסˣ֮ǰδСèַ͵췭ظСèֻ˯ڵСèѾӵ˺ͳһǣԷַ磬ܲˡ
Сèֱӳ֣׷սһ
СèʴԲ׷ǳԽʵĴڣʹʾϵ
ɹ֮ʱʥطʹԽʵֻһɱ
Ϊʥزɴռ䡣
һʱ䣬˴ѽѷֲ֣ĴݻһƬƬɭΪƽء
ַС岢ûвսԶսԶԶĹ
ССèȻ뻯ΪոյʴԲеľ粢ȹ̣׷˵ľͳʵķ룬ʵѾĥ¯࣬СèķҲ˵ԵٶȲܺ׷˴ƽ֣Сè򣬸Ӯ׷ˣ
šַͷ׷˺ܿСèĹСèܿͻ·磬СèǾǿԸ񣬿϶Сè׷˻᲻ʹóռ
Ӧòᣬܸо׷ûа˷
СĸоҲַĸоҪȻַ粻ʳ׷᲻ʹóռİ׳⡣
׷ʹԽռʥ˽ɱ׷Ϊôأ
Сܸоûгֵ˼ҪͳˣԲȣ
սϣСèܿ·磬ƾžԵٶȶܲ׷ϵ˴
ַȥæּĹͲַܳܵ˵ģֻҪַȥͻᱻʳƬ
СҲûȥæΪ˿̰ϢѾС壡ֻҪСһ֣˾Ի
С壬ôˣַоСϢЩ䶯
зǳǿĵˣʱҲӦ
ַԴ󾪣Сʥľ磬ֻһͿԳΪ飡ռ˭ܵУС徹Ȼ˵еˣҲӦ
⵽ô£ѵĴڣ
ַ类Լ뷨һ
ַ磬ʱе˳֣
ַεĵͷ
ʱµˣҵʶһӽͱ˻ΪСƳӡʱ˴·Ҳˣ
ַʽ飬жǿ
ķǳǿ

ǣ޷·ԾͻὫԼһ˿Ȼ뷲˵ڣ˾ӵһ˿˼Ϊ£һΪʹߣʹʹһ˿һطһԣһ֣ռκҲסҹʥصЩҲûа취
ַˣθǸıѾõıڽҺСѩˣ
ţû£ǻҳһȥ壡ֻҸɶѣ
ʲô븲أַ벻ףȻ˳֣ͻףһֱ֣
˿̣Сèڱ׷˱ƵñΣ
֮СèĶ״̬
߲룡
룡
˲ɾ
ǳְɣ
ҪȻǿ󣬵ڻǳɳڣ׷Ķֻ֣ҪסǸŮ˾ͺˣȵɺ֯˶ˣǴ֮ٳ֣
ǣ׽һȥҲάǵġ
һҪָʾȥ죬ǰˣǶǵǵҪĶγɵġŮ洷ӡ£ҪҪ׽룬ȵǰ°˵

λʹ̸Ȼ˽ʶɨС
ַС֪ԭί֮󣬾󾪡
Сͨ鶼޷ƣʹĶԻУǿжϳһıѾõļƻõŮ洷ӡѾҵ˻ȡ֮
ַȡŮ洷ӡͻᱻƿ϶Ḳ𣡿ڽӣ
СЩܣѵצƿӡҪսô
С嵱ݺ磬һ뵽С쳣
ַʽ飬а취ô
ûа취ǬʹԿ԰ҳֻƴһսˣǣħģҲҪھħǣο͸£ˣҾͱ֤ˡ
Ļشַǳ˵һЩ翵Ļַ粻Щʲô⣡
ַУǿʳʵͲĶߣ
ַ˿ʹ˵ֻ߶ѣ
֮СèսٶȺ͹ɱӣ֮ھͽ׷˱ǣ
׷磬֪Сү
䣡
׷类Сè䵽˵صף汻ҳ˼ʮ׷ԲĴӡ
ʵַ಻ѣʮַ綼ܲСèôһ
׷ִӴ𣬺СèԴ˼кֱСè˵صף
СèĹ˲׷ˣ
׷Ȼʹóķʵķڵķ
׷˱СèӶߴߣϱߴ򵽱ߣϴ򵽵£ӵ´ϡ
Сè׷ɳһȥǣ׷˵ûһ˿˺ۣ
ܿʮӹȥСèˣСèˣǴ˰ִԷȥô
ô룿սһʴԲҪ߳˲ң˰ɣ
Сèŭ˲㣬ΪҸ߳ʮ磡ڴԲҺͬľ磬ҿɱ㣡
׷Ц˵һҲûԶûˣҽշ㣬ҵ
СèŭԲѣѵʹó
Բ֪ˣ


217 ǿ߻
׷ͻȻһɫķ֮޾
ⷨƻ棬ת֮ڣ֮вŽĽɫطģӡϹǿķӡ䣡
С循ħӡ
û뵽һʶģ׷ЦֻҪ÷ħӡסϢҲʥصҲҲ
⣡
׷ų˷ħӡħӡһöڵһʣʧããƲ֮С
һ룬ռ䵴һ㲨ƣǽɫĻһ£ʧڿռ֮С
һ˲ָƽʲô¶ûзһ㡣
̧ͷȥղ̫Ʋ㣬Ǳһɵɫϸ
ַԽ飬㣬׼սҲСè£Ǭħ䣡
˿̵ַ粻òԼԴľУ
׷ЦѾֻ˻ʧȥһϵ죬Ҫɱ䣬նɱڴˣ
ϵ룬㳢һ±ʵ
׷˻䣬гԵСèɨȥ
Сè۾ֱӱɫ沿ı˾֮״̬
ǳʵڴԲ
Сèսӣչ߷ɣȥ
䣡
СèٶȺܿ죬Ǹ޷׷˵Ĺ
һĻСè˵棬Сèز
һУ׷ֻһоСè
Сè
׷ٴγ֣СͲס׷˵ķȥ
СĽ¸նĸӰһСǰסСȥ·
С忴ˣд󾪣ĸʥ
ĸ˵Ĵ磬СѾ֪ĸ˵ݣ
᳤ܻ̻ʣħ᳤᳤ܻܻ
Сһһгĸ˵ݡ
᳤ܻһɫʿһѽɫĳԼʮУ絶һ㣬ͣ˭֪Ѿ٣
̻ʡһµİɫ̻ۣ֮нŹ̻ʵĹ񽣵Ľ΢ЦſС塣
ħ᳤˹ǸƷͷһħƿǳƾɣеħҲۣǶıʯҲҰ޹⣬С廹һϳǶʦƵġշۡ͡շȡ
Ļ᳤ǣģһʮӢ꣬۾˲ɣ͹¶СĿЩΡ
ǳʥ֮ȫΪĻ᳤εжǳΣˣ๥ʵΣȫָʾԸ˳񣬺ǩԼԷһ
СĵҾˣ鶼һһôЩͷȫټһˣ
ǵˣҲ˵˺ǩԼʱȻ֪
Сڷ£һҪ֪ͨʥأΪʥصûһܷգʥصӦô޷뽫ϾɱƿеΣ˵ĶԲԣ
Ǻǣ˵һҲûΪ˴жй¶ȥʥص֪ܿͻᴫʱңǼ˽ӡ֮оȳû뵽˻忪ӡҲʡȥǲ鷳
ңСЦǽôΪҲ֪ҪʲôҪ֧Ů洷ӡָͨʹǵʮֻõĳһֻʮܽĳ־ۼһ𣡶ͨ򿪡ǡӡħڣħٴν˼䣡
˶СĻǵˣ˵ûȷʮĳһλһλҲ˵ȷҪõͨʹǣħڷӡɶҪͨȫӡ
˵ĺС˵ȫ෴
СЦҪԸħôӦùὫͨ˫ַͣΪʲôҪ͵͵Ҫ壡
̻ʿΪǧǰħᣬǻὫͨôȥռ壬ħô½ħ½Ǻ;񶼻սʱռңң
˵ķôСֱӳ֣һȥ
ûзӦѾɫӡ
㡭
˵ҷ㣡
ͬΪʥǿߣĸֻзʥԲС忹⣡˶ʥԲ֮£ûС
ԣСһֱͷ˵ҲֻзС˵Ĳ죬СȻ顣
Խߣÿһת֮ĲԽ졢Ԫ֮ʱһתתĲಢǺܴ󣬵˴ںʾʱÿһת֮Ѿĺܴľ룬ϣÿһתΪǳĴ󣡶⼸ǿԽ𵽴ʥĴڣÿһת֮֮
Сŭ֮£ԹԵı͡
Ц緽ſ̻ԣѾ񣬶ǧһֱΪУҪͨǻô
СŭЩ޴࣡ǧǰƭǧǱƭҸǣۡϵۺʮҪǾųħʱ򣬵ʱռ˼
ҪԻڣǸоǳЦب鶼ػߣôࣿһ壬ŮһǰҲػţǺȴкǧǰħսǱ࣡ʥռ˳Ӧ
СЦǿνǸǵģ˵ʲôǾʲôûлɹûɹûзҩɾȣĹƻΪ
ˣһ£ŮĻ˻ôĻô
СͻȻҭסˣСɵȥǴģСҲȥԼּ⣬ʥּһ㣬СԲᷴ
ǵĵֻǵͬѣעǵˣǵжԵģǾͻжԣǵжԹϵҲǵжԹϵˣڴҪȥʲôҲҪҪǣǱĻǷǵǵȴֻиǿʳ֮
ЩС嵱ȻףǿԼ񣬵ֻҸκˣȥӣǴģҲֻȥִУ
Щǿ֪ǧǰħʲôãѵȥԿôǲô
Щǿ֪Ҳֻװﵱ֪
ˣֻ˳Ӧ飡ب޷ıʵħսĽħʤôʷдǿ϶վħһߣ
ǣʷԶʤ߱дģ
ˣ˳һѡսֻξҪˣ
Ƿ˶븲壬ĸҲ
С붼û룬óҲͱ޳ܵΪ飡սɣ
ǷٴȰˣŻһ˿ᣬˣԶûлˣ
͵ĻţսǧǰʮҶοЩϰ࣡
˵ֵز֪С岻ǩԼôֻһսˡ
ϵͽȻߵĿһľҵıըλʥҲʥշƶɫ䣡
Сһʱ俪ӡǵɵʮ׿Ĵʥȥ
սһ
Ǭħ䣡
˫Ҫս֮ʱַͻȻһ󱬺ȣСѩǰǽǻ
ַȻԵʮ׿Ĵʥ˹ȥ
û˰ַʥʥ֮½Ϊϣ
ĸʥַĹĿ֮ж޾ĲмַԪĹϼ켸ҹûһ㷴Ӧ
ǵֲͬһ˲䣬ĸʥɫˢһȫˣ
ʱַĹѾλʥʮ׷Χ֮ڣ
ɷǳСһ߱Եںϵһ˲䣬˻صıը
䣡
С壬СèҾСѩַСַķȥ
һ˲֮ڣԲǧ֮ڵһﶼ˱ըģ
ҵıըڼһʱѷ콫ߵ˽ȥ
λʥĸһֱӱ˼״ĸ߿գȻλʥűը˸߿գ
ڵ⣬ʮа˾ŻᱻըƬ߾ռѷ죡
СèѾ׷˴ˣұ˹ֱһֻСèģ
׷׼ʥ٣ʥ罻սĳ϶ѧϰܶණͻȻоһ޷Լѹ˹׷͵һ˲ԱߵСèֱ֮زز
ַٶСèķȥıըᣡ
ַ类Լľըǰ޹˺ˡ
飬죬⿪СèĽ
ַȥ˲䣬ͨСèԼ޾Сè⿪СèĽһȪˮСè
Сè۾͵һǰһӰ
嵽СèǰСèһСצץַ磬߿ȥ
СèַշɵУСèλը˸飡
СѩҲһƬң֮ʣ˭˵ʵİȫСѩ
Сٶ֮˲͵СѩǰץСѩַķϡ
ըӲƽϢ
ôʱ䣬ַѾӵ֮ڡ
ĸʥӿ£ÿ˶飬ˣʱʧȥս
׷Ȼӹһ٣Ǳըನɣ˻ԣЩӴܵȫʱѷ죡
Ĵʥ𷽲ŵıը£΢ӵһ㣬뱬ըģ˶ѾըĻɢ
̻ʩչһɫĴʥͷ£˵Կüٶţڵƾ鵤ҩûһʱ޷Ȭ
⵽ʲôǵЩ
һʥ˵ЩǶôֲ
˶û˵ֹѾķ룡һеĴݻ˼ӣʥܲס
ȺսʱͻȻʲô
ַֻһСĴʥһֱ۵ϣͿԲ
֮ǰĸʥַûͨ˵㶫ɵȪˮᣬĸͷ˵޹ؽҪǸ߸ϵĴĸսһ־˵۹ȥ룡
ڣôһСĸ˴ˣ
鴫ȥ˭ţȥĴʥδ棡
ʱʹĴʥ˹
ǿĻʹ̲סַĹλʹҲû뵽ҲΪʱֻܾ䡣
λʹǳᣬԳʮ꣡ӢۼһŴ˵Ĵ硣
˵Ϣǳƽͣһһ֮ضΪһ壬ǸͲ࣬Ȼĳһ֡


218 ı
ݼʹ
ݼ̫ʹ
ĴʥǳϹĶλʹݣͶ˹ݼĹʹǺͲݼĶ̫ʹ
ɡ
ߵĹʹ赭дĵĹѾﵽͨĹĸӦ˵ġ
Ĵʥԣо
ĹһССԪ߻ʹĹ
ѵҲʹǲʵ
ֻʹʹĹ
ұߵ̫ʹʹʹĻǻӦĹֻһߵϹطѣֻʹһΣԴҲõġ
ĴʥͷĹܲͣʹõĻʹҲסɣ϶ֻһΣҪȻôܣ
ʹĿ⿴ڵһķ򣬡ӽȥҲá
̫ʹԿȥ׷Ҵ
׷˻ԣĹ׷ѹ
׷סԼƣڵƣ¼ʱ䶼ָˡ
׷׷繧İݼλʹ̫֮ʹ׷ǵأʲôʱ
׷սսĵ⼸һֱǵڣûϢ
̫ʹ˼˵ûҵ
׷ػһǰɽʡƽеһɱ֯֯Ǻʧ٣ǵһֱҲڵ䡣
̫ŭһνĻᣬȻʧ٣Ϊںһô
ʹͬΪɵڣͬ縺ʹΣʹ̫ˣȫΥּ⣡
԰ɣǲʲô⣿ΪλʹôꣿʹıΪʲôһֱƲãǡ
Ƿ˹Ϊ֮仰̫ʹǲ˵˵ɷǶĴ󲻾
̫ʹ˵еʣʹһǧ˵ֻҪִкԼͺãʹôºûйϵ
ʹʹ̫Դ󣡲һѵǲˣ
˼ǣ
ٵ׹ȣȫɱһɶҾͲ
׷ŸԵڵأʹҪǷ׹ȣκ˶ס
̫ʹЦɣɣһ˵ʹǲ˻˷׹ȣҵȻҶԷʹǳˬͷ׹ûйϵοѾʥػΪʥصΧ˷׹ȣôʥؽ
ʹĵҵȻף׹Ҳԣɱ׷ˣҾͲ
ʹ˵ţһ˽ߵ׷˵飬̫ʹȥֹȴ
׷˱Ѿˣʹ޴ӷ
̫ʹһû˵һӰʲôֻҪ˳µͺáɱ׷Ҳð취

ĳУһ¾ưڣһȺŮڻ𱬼Ť֫趯ţֵ¾ưɣʮСʱӪҵǰĹ˿ͶһЩŮֵطǶƷɫ׵ĳء
룬߰˸ŨױĨŮΧһŤһ壬ӴÿŮԣַա
ͻȻȻһ䣬д󾪣Ȼɱҵİͽ
ţһӰŮŮһУ˵ĵµϣֳʱһƬңûע⵽ǸѾˡ

ַСӵ֮СѩһƿȪˮеԭСèҲһԭֻ֮ǵϢһʹﵽ˶״̬
ȪˮԻָҲڶʱָûκεĺ֢
Ȼָ򵥣Ȫˮǻָ˵ġ
ַ緽ʹǬħ䣬нͻȫ˳Сͷ̸ڼȫ߶һٱ
ǣڼ䣬ַľһֱڼȵĽ״̬˵ڼԲܳ⣬һҪֹ˵ʱ֣
ʱĴʥʱûעַ磬һԪھǲֵʥȥӵģַһ۾Ͳ뿴һ˻עһϵĴô
ǾֻϲҪĴʥ
ַоǳƣҲ˵˵Ϸ״̬
ʱС壬СèСѩ뿴һ㿴ַ硣
Сèеְ֣ʲôʱѧôľУһоͽĴʥըˣ̫ţˣ
С𷽲ַĹļµĸоԼַ緽ŻذĹҲֻһֹѾﵽͨһ
ַУַʱСѩСѩ֪зǳǿ󣬵Ǹû뵽ǿֵزһоͲҪĴʥ
ַǿ󣬵ʹһľǳ󣬷һУѾȥ֮һľҪҹָܻҲ˵ĿǰֻʹΣʹΣҲ޷еĵˣĴʥûңҲǣǷңǺǣǵëϣοȻǿ󣬵ÿʹҪӵʱ䣡ӣĴʥɱҼٴˣ
СҲµûĻеʹҲֻʹռжʥصƣԵĵˡǲսʤģ͵ں͵սû˿ʤ㣡
ʹʹߣ
ӵ
˼ս嶼ģ
ַǶ˵ˣ߻ѾõıֻǷ׹ȷųһӣ׹ȷų϶ɹ壬֮ʹȡͨ壬˵ȻͷϣûаĹϵʥ飬˶Ҳ鲻ʲô⼸ռŭŭҲֻήͷϣ
СƲͣһô޳ܣʲô¶ĸɸɾ
磬ô죿СѩоǳĻԼԼ˲ҪԼΪŮ洺ˣʥŮԼһƾͻᱻضϣпռͻٲ֮أ
ַҲʱǰȫģ岻ֻҪ˲ȥáǳ֮ƣʹ϶ȡ֮ʱֻб³
ûʹַȫԺĴʥһսĿǰַ߸ûкʹ
ַʽ飬飬ܵĽ飬ɣ
һħ͸ʲôˣʲô
ûа취ʱôһ仰ַ
ַͨôȡŮ洷ӡôƵôʹȻǲȥ϶û£ȡǾȥƻҾͲǵĸźƻ֮£ʹ˳Ľȡߣ
Сͷַ˵ûŮ洷ӡϹǿķӡʹӵǸľ磡ҪƽŮ洷ӡ϶ǳѣʱǺֹƻһɹ
šַھ䣡
ַ˶棬Ĺ۲ʹĴʥĶ
ĴʥڵϢˣʹҲĬĬľ
ַ˴󲻽⡣
ڵʲô
ûʹڵˣȡʹͲʹһʹƷ֮ƿŮ洷ӡ
ڵȷʹ

ʥʥ֮ǰȪˮϴϣһʥϢҲûʲô
ôЩ죬׼ȥϢ˷䣬ϵһš
ϼӡʥȫ޲ӡϣ֮ʤߵĽƷţ֮н͵ʤС
ھ굤
굤ϳϾȲѡ
ʥһֱʹ˸Ļ굤ȻҩȫǧһֱûгɹϴȪˮʹҩĵĻԱѵ״̬ȻƳɹ
ôõĶȻַСӣȻҲף굤϶Ƴ˺ܶ࣬ҪȻʥҲô󷽣
˻굤⣬ĶȻܺãһﶼ֮ϸϡ
ºãԳȥ棬޲Ǹķӡͺã
ϿʼʥѰַټ
ʥʥʥػ˼ʥ֮ڿԿҪһˣֻҪǸ˵Ϣ˵λʾʥ֮ϡ
һֱַϢѰһӣʥ֮ȴѲַϢ
״
ΪˣѰһΣûַټ
ѵСȥĿռˣܰСӵΪϴСȥСӶԸȥСȥأ
˰죬벻Ȼʥռûɨ費ĵطһֻϣֻҪֻϵϢҵͱ˵һˣ
ַȥأ
˳˼ַСѩѣСѩʥŮ׹׷춫ɹ壡
˳˼·ȥ뵽һܣ
Сӿ϶
ʥܡ
ףô£ѵҲʧˣ
ʥ֮ڣܵĵ̾ȻѰ
ŭе̵ģȻ֮Ӱܣ๥һǸı
ٺ٣Ұƽ£һֻ´󹦣ϵϴҲûϴ˰ɣٺ١

֮еʹͻȻͬʱ˫ĿĿյĳһ
ţһɫӰʹǰ
ʹĵʹڿˣ֪ĴǺ³
ַ𾪣һʹ
ַϸĿŷʹо˷ǳ죡
˲ƽɱ֯ϴô
ʹȵʹҵ£ҵ£ҪͷͷҲңθɣ
ʹŭ˴ǰƽŮ洷ӡҪ˺Ϊѵ㲻֪ô
ҵȻ֪ܵϢŽ壡ڲż£
ʹŭһҪװˣͲ
Ҳôҵͽǲɱģʹ׷˵ʬ壬һ֪ǹʹɵġ
Ǳɱͽܣ㻹֪أʹȻ£
ʹҧгݣãҼˣͷһùȼȮ
ʹЦ㣬ֻҪ˰£㰮ɱپɱ٣ν
̫ʹʱˣǾͿʼƽŮ洷ӡǧܳκβͨص֮ֻһλᣡʧܣ˾ͻʧȥʹ߱Ĩɱ
ʹͷʹͷ
ʹֻҪƽһҲữ⣬ڣǰһǵĿ
̫ʹҺ͹ʹҪƽӡʹ㸺ȡΪǻסһʥĸ֣һʼ룬ʥŮȻΪҪСǸ࣡ĴʥǱǸ˵ģʱǧҪʲô
ࣿʹôԽܴĴʥࣿʲôЦܴĴʥ˳ʥصǿôǿߣѵռˣ
̫ʹռˣֻԪΪһطﵽС˾ǣ
ʹͷû⣡ӵһǵﶼϰĴڣ
ʹȻȣǲûзϡ


219 ʹ
ַӡǳ̣ƽУħ½׷ɱԼ֣͸Լ飡
鵱ʱַ磬ֻһƲлѣڣַһƲлʲô˼ԭʹߣ
ַû뵽ںǵжԵĳ棡
ʹжҪƿŮ洷ӡ
ַ׼һǶ֣Ǿƻ
Сѩ˵ͷ
ʹ̫ʹüͬʱ߷һֻɫƲǿ󣬵һֻϢ
ɻɫʼۼһ𣬻һɫ֮ͨȥ
ͨһ˲䣬һʯӶƽĺ棬Ĳȥ
ͨһ󶶶һҡ
ɫһʮʮ٣֩һܿ콫ͨΧ֮ͨϵĽâͼɫǳ־Ķһ˻ȥ
С忴ɫ֮岻˺ţ⡭ʲôȻܽȫɱ
ҲǴ󾪣ħ
ǧǰħսħĴħսȻǳϤ
Сٻ̾û뵽ǧǰħᣬȻѧؼ
ַҪȥƻ
ַãֻҪԼľǬħſֹʹǵжȥ
һ㣬ַʶҲһɱԼˣǾͲһˡ
ʹ̫ʹƽӡʹһԻַֻҪ˵Ķ˾Իʧܶգ
УСԣҵΪߣȥ
ַ˷ʱˣʱŮ洽类ƣʱǶʹǵסģȥ
ҵסܵסôĹֻһԷֹĹȥֻһ
С˵û˭ȥ˭ַȥҲ
ֱַ˺ԼҪ˺ԼĻͲԼ͸Լ
ַûʱִˣȥһ˿ᣬȥֻ·һС壬СèˣСѩһŮӣһˣҪҲӦǵǰ棡
ʲôΪȥ
ַ仰һůСԼûиˣ
Сѩʱڵַа취
СèҲǵͷ
СѩСèʶַôãȻַ֪ûаյ£Ȼַ磡
СèСѩַΣСʱҲַ˵ͷĿ֮ȫΡ
ַͽַĳ̣Ѿַġ
ճַдȣǬħ䣡
ͻͬʱ˳ȥ
ַ磿
ʹ߿ַĹ֮˫ֱһӡȥ
ͻֻεĴץȻٵȥ
͡
ַĹֻεĴķ飡
ַȻǰɣ
ҲУ
ַľоô׵ı⣡
ַ磬ô㣿ôַǳԾûж֡
ôͲأҵѾ䶯磬ѵǰδţ
ϲͨ˵ҲȥģҲģֻµʱҲų棬ƽʱֻһͨˡ
ַĳΣϲʹݣһͨˡ
ַ磬ͨǱߣҲһҪҿԱ֤Ҳɱ㣬ǽǣй¶ȥĺǣҲɱ㣡
ַˣʵǰΪʲôɱң
еԭ㻹ǲҪ֪ĺã֮йءҲַ磬ȴܡ
ǰȻѾվ;干ˣҲҵսѺҵͬȥ͵˵ܣ
ЦԸʱҲУͬˣΪֵԼ￴ֻһ޴Ϊ
޴ַ绹ΪҪԼأû뵽˵Լ޴
ǵģ޴޴Ҷ˵˲ɱ㣬ԻţɱĻֵܣԺҲˣ˭Ǳʱ͵źγһ£ȥֵûɵԸҪɣҪȥչˣкܶܶ¶ҪȥҲˣΪΪֵܶǣмֵ𣿰װ׵ûκμֵ
ַû⣬˵ľַѡ͵ĻСһĿַȴ踺Ϊȥ
ڵ
㻹ҪѡĻվͬһսϣҲɱ㣡
ַЦҲͲҳȥ鶶ô
Ц㶶ҾͶݣʱ˭Ļ
ô֪ҵݣ
̫ԭصһۿʱҾ֪ݣȻģҲᶶȥģҵȴɳ߾죡ֵ̫ˣ
ַ粻мֵֵ˵㣬˵㣡ҲҪںһĻ
ʱ䲻̫٣㾳һĸ߶ȣ͸̫֮󣬾Բô˵ˡ
˵ǶԵģַ粻ôѣ
ַĻǸ˵ɡ
ѾѡôǸ磿
ַ罣飬㸽ɣ
ǿи߻ſԺ⣬ˣԶ޷ָ
Ψһİ취ˣһһɡ
ҲΣ鲻븽壬ǺսַסһУ
Ҫ֮ʱԶɽȻͬɱϯ
˭Ҷͽ
һߺ˶Ĥʹ
һһӰַߡ
ַ翴ˣľ裬ʦ
ַСٻʧӣ
СٻΪϣ֮ǵĳӵӰΪ̣ǧһ˶սȺΨһһһ߳ϣ֮ǵˣ
ӺͳЩȣ˫ħ
ЦûǣҵĵӣȹǷ˫ħһأ
ַ羪㵣ʦŮôôˣ
ԭַǰӺͳ֮ӺͳһֱȪˮϴ壡ֻʱ䣬˾ͳأ
ӺͳȻַ֪СѩӴ鱨õϢ׷˴ǰ壡
ɳ֣Ӻͳ㵱Ȼɵǿ󣬲֪ɺʹ
ǣӺͳĲַ磬͸˹˸ճͿǰһĻ
ĿνǼʱһַ
ַû£˷ǿʹ˶ʱɫ䣡
Ӻͳ㿴ʹڶԿŮ洷ӡѾʲô
ŷ˫ħĵѵλѾˡת񹦡İɣǹϲϲ
㿴ﵹȻˣûǰʩչ֪ʹûȤһ
ãҵҪ˵е̹ġת񹦡ж
Ա֪
ַ缱ʦǿʹӵ
ӵĵ֪Һĸзִ磡סȥ¾ͺˡ
ţַͷ
ֻҪʦסַƻλʹĶƽӡʧܣ
һӰǧ֮ĵطȥӺͳӡһ˵Ľ³һһһֲͬ۵İԣһķȥ
ַоʦֹ˺Ϊһ壬ܲɷֺ֣ȫͬ໥жԣʱܱ
ֹ˲һͷ治ͬĴ
ѵǡת񹦡
ת񹦣ǵ̹ſٵ֮ʱеĹ߾ʹػû뵽ʦĻԵôãܵõĹʦǰ¼ŮˣΪֹ߻ħ£͸ʦȪˮڽʦ죬񹦴ɣ

˫ħ춯ҡ޹⣡
˫ħȻֻʾ磬ʹת֮󣬾Ȼܺһƽ֣
ȻӵĲʼղԼģ粻ת񹦣ⰵ֮˲ſӺͳһһֻ˺ſʩչ
ӺͳַǬħ֮ͬ˳һһһһײ֮ںڱըں֮ǰƽ棬ں֮󱬷ɫ䣡
֮սôַûʱȥ˫֮ľǽĿⶢƽŮ洷ӡλʹ
λʹȫƽӡûκȥԸˣ
ԶԶĿԿλʹͷϵĺˮеĶһ˿ǳС߷ǳƽ⣬ƽһһεϵĽâ
Ů洷ӡǺεƣ
ַճǰȥʱĴʥסַȥ·ַԱҲС塢СѩСèˡ
˿̵ĴʥѾָⶼǿ̻ʵĹͣ
ĹʥˮȻ޷ȪˮȣҲڶʱڻָƣڼʱֺ֢֢֮ǹʥˮУ޷ų͵ֿУҪʱȫ
ʱĴʥǹ˲ôˡ
Сȳ֣ͷǴͬΪʴԲһʱ֮Էֳʤ
ַСѩԿʼ͸Դ߶Ů派Ѫʹǿס˿̻ʡ
ʣµ᳤ܻħ᳤ܻ˹Сè
Сè룡ʥͷʥɱСèСèǩԼΪշһΪս
ԣСè˵ļл£ûмоͱˣСèҲó˵˼ֻҪɱԼСèһ㶼£ΪСèϵȪˮһ궼Ȳ꣡
Сèˣٴα򵹣
ʥͷʥǳƣСèٶȣ׽Сèǳѣ᲻ɱСè
ǣսͽȥ
СͷǴѽѷ֣˶ƴĴ򣡵û÷Ǿ·磬ϾСϹޣھң𣬵ǾδʧСս;磬ܿͱƵǷæңӴܣɱǣһʱܣ
Сѩַƴʹֻǿƻס̻ʣ
ֻס˵Է
һֲĺڶһеٵ̻ʰΧǿ̻ƾԼʥĹÿζ׾ٵĶ㿪ڶɣ
ڶƵʷǳܼ̻һʱ޷СѩַʱǰȫģȥַСѩķǳάӾͽƣʱ޷̻ܿһ
սСѹһͷ⣬ַ硢СѩСè᧿Σ
ס֣
һŭӸ߿մһӴɫӿн䣡
޺Ǿˣû˵ĺս
˿˭֮ɫһ䣬ȫ֣ͣ
ʥ
˫ħַվһߣĴʥվһߣӪֿ׶վ
ڸ߿֮оͷ״ʹƽŮ洷ӡϵһʱʥشϢϢݲȥЩһбգ
¼ҲˣּԦɳܣ֪ͨʥظ߲㣡ַ֮˽
ɽɳȥַɽĳ嶯


220 ǿ
Ͽ˴췭ظ϶Ҫ棡Ҫľסƣ
ʥʥ鴫ͣȻܱʥ֮ϲʾҲֻ꣬Ҫ͵֮ıԵشֱӷɽɡ
ʥصڰʱھ
ϲûкֹʹƽŮ洷ӡûи֮䣬ϳҲ
ʹϾǸ߸ϵ飡
Ͽĵʹܸ⵽ôô
ǳƣҪʥȥȫݲκϢʥصô֪
˼⣡
Դ벻ϱַϣ֮ǹھģײ¼
ָʾΪʹֻհѡ
հ죿Ҿ͸㲻ˣÿһʹ¶ʥػ㱨ڲΥʥصķռĹ֮£ǲģΣǾȻʥƽŮ洷ӡȻʹսǲʹݰʥûţ
һھͷĭĽʹ˸ûаʥŵĸñֱ˵ڵ
ַҲǾϵĿڲôôãڱѩ֮ſʥּ֮ʱΪʲôڲôã
϶˶٣ңϽеλʹˣǺ棬λôǿ󣬾Ȼܽټһ𣿻У᳤᳤ܻܻ̻ʡħ᳤ܻЩͷȻۼһ𣬳ΪսѣǷǳȣǳ棡ʹң⵽ô£
ҲȻ˴ֿڣ
Ϻʣǳ鶯˼£Ҳŭ죬ʹ൱˼ĻʹǶ鲻ⷲ䣬˭ʹ˭һҲң
ƽʱʥصʹҲǿͿʹʥ£ֻ֮š
ǳʵĵϳϣʹҲĻȥѣǵǵּǲΥֻӣһҲסεǳܣ񶼲֪Ϊʮͬµּ⣡
ʮϴеҹʲôʮʮڸ߸ϵľ磡ħս֮еĿռ䶼գռķӡȽСΪ˳룬Զռģռʥصĵ̣˭ռʲô£ҪʥԸԸ⣡ʹô
һӱҭסˣҲ亹ֱһʲô˵Ļȫʮ
ףµʼĩģǷӡħķӡɶʮλʹǰƽŮ洷ӡõͨӹ̷ӡǧǰѾǰȡĻ˿²Ӧԣǲ˸ռļƻռ壬ռĶĻ¼ռ䶼ᱬԿƵսʱͿ̿һʰǾͽ๥֮ʱ˻ץסᣬܵĽߣռ帲ҲռΪᲨռ硣
ŭ£ȥƨɣʮʲôʱôСˣǰػţĹϵˮһжϸ߸ϵģҺļʱŮ洺Сѩɱ˼޻࣬ʥŮһԻᱬʷǰĴսʱϷֻЩ߸ϵ飡
϶˶ټʮȥͨҪȥӡӷôֿЦЦ˭ţҵĲţҪӡħڣôõĺΪʲôȥǱ࣬ռ£ҪôΪ˱Լļ԰Ϊػȥ̸ѵ᲻ͨôǹȥ岻壬û˵ģΪػԼļ԰ֹħ֣ÿռÿ˶Ӧ£أ͵͵߼޻ѵȥҹݣô
˵ĶԲԣʹ
˶亹ա
ֱַ֪ڿʲô˵ĻǴʥؾûкùӳԣַתһ룬ʥʹȻֱڿ쵫ҲǱˣľôôֻ˵ʥغ̣ǷǳĿɽ
ϵÿ仰صĻ˵һжʵ
Լ侲ϣ˵ĶǶԵģҲûã֪ǶԵģҲûãҵʹʹʹʹߣķôһֱݣǰѲˣһֱһͨһȥʹجһң
ôҲ룡ҾԼһ˰ڲӣʲôҾҪʲôûзأһûʱѾעһˣˣɱɱˣô֪ôôڱǰһ߸ϵʹռҪ÷磬Ҫ꣡Щʲôãʧȥɣʧȥͨ˵ȥʹݵʱֻö;ƾȥԼ
һ߸ϵķʹЩﻰʲôʹ˰ڲӣֻͨ˵ȴûеѡһעˡ
ʹ˼߸ϣֻĹߡū͡
˶ĬˣҲûٵ̱˵ʲô
һˣַ磬Ϊַ֪ݣȻ˵ַݺʹͬҲעעַһɸıˣΪͬĸоŰַһѡ
䣡
ͻȻҵ𶯣ƺĳھҵķһŵĲ˲û˵صףɽ塢ͱڿʼ
ʹ
ʱʹ̫ʹѾƿŮ洷ӡ
λʹƶ޾ӵ˸߿ա
ԣŸӵӡһ޴ޱȵĿռ˸߿գķ˹ȥ
ס֣
ϡ˫ħͬʱ֡
һգ˵Ĺ
ֻҪסʱ䣬ͨͿװռʱ򣬾ͻ󹦸ɣʱʹڳʹ֣ʥصҲס
ʱССè˿Уʹ̫ʹķȥ
䡭
ССèĹ˹ʹ̫ʹ˵Ĺ۶ôǿʹ϶ǹɻɫɣʧ
޷ƿص
Сèȥ
׸ߵĸ߿գַ޷ȥֻܽСèС
Сèַ˼£Ϊ߲룬ַһԾϣվСèϣʹ˹ȥ
ʦס
ַ翿ڳƷʹַ֪Ҫʲô
˿̣ƽŮ洷ӡʱ̣ؼʱʹ̫ʹ΢Ӱ죬ͻṦһ
˫ħַĻ󣬺ԥʹһһϢ˲䱩ǣںϣһɻص˹ȥ
Է˫ħļлӲӣҪ˫ħһҪͨװռ
Щæңһδεıը֮дϵĶûͣЪһֱָſռͨ
ַߣǬħѾȫʩչһ˿֮еĽɫ֮еĻɫֱʹ̫ʹķ˹ȥ
λʹͬʱһȴĨһ˿Ц⡣
ַʹǬħһдĴʥַţԼľλʹֻҪλʹƽŮ洷ӡͻʧܣ
ÿʩչǬħҪȥӵʱ֮һľָ֮һľҪʱ䣡ٷһ֮һʩչǬħ䣡
ַų֮󣬸оʶһģʧȥֱ
оͽҲ޷ַѣ
˿̵ַ磬ȫ˥ߣ
ַ۾ͬʱСèո£ַһȫش
ʹûκε춯
ٷľײʹ֮ʱʹΧͻȻһ͵Ļɫһƽĺһ㽫λʹں棡
еƬ֮ʱʯ󺣣ʧ
ַǿľλʹһЦ
ͨڼʹ̫ʹѾȫƿŮ洷ӡ˫ħķȥ
䣡
λʹļ룬ʹս֮¾ͽ˫ħ˵£֪
ʹûȥˣעŸ߿գͨװռ
ʱϵҲûȥֹ͹ʹ֮·һ
Сѩ£ڵϣѵѵҪôѵҪ
СѩҲСѩΪʥŮŮ洺ˣˣƾͻᱻضϣ
СҲ쳣ܣǧˣΪʲô黹Ź壡צģצǲһɱ磬񡭡
˿̣漣ķŮ洷ӡһƣض

̫ʹ͹ʹʣµȥѣҲ룡ڹûҵķҲνǡʹɱҵӣһΪҵӱģɵĹȺܿͻʧ
㡣ʹȵ֮󣬾Ϳֱӷ磬ռԹʹ˵һôûˡ
ǧ֮ߵͨѾռɵβֻʮ׳ڿУϾҪɣʹҲ
ؼʱ̣һӰһεʴֱץ˿ռͻȻ֮䱩ǣץס¶ռʮ׵ͨһͷӲĽͨӿռ˳
ʹ󾪣ʲô
˶ͨı˳ûп˭֣
ǴҿԿ϶˵ΪԳԽʹ
ֻмʱ䣬ʹͿ񣡿Ǿؼʱɱһǿ߽ͨӲ˳
ʹУƴֹһеķ

֮һŭȣʹûüУ͸оһѣΣհʹ˷׷״ӿ£Ȼء
𺧣
ʹӵĲûгͱǿÿ˴˼ʮƴӿ£
ٴվ֮ʱ˵ϳʮѪӡ
ʹͷԣǸǿ߹Ϊ֮ж亹ֱǿҪɱԼֵֻ֮£
ෲôִ˵ǿߣǲܵ£
ǰ㵽Ǻηʥ̫ʹһȡ
֮кܿ촫޲Ů洷ӡȻϲĸҵţ
һԵŮǳ͡
һһϲ֪˭ˣ˵
ʮ֮ͨڱǿߴӿռ֮а˳ͨγ˲䣬һɫնһ˿ռ
ʵĸоռȻȲϹʮǬҲһ
ǿ߾Ȼһоһ
һ飡


221 Ψһ
ʮڣַڽİ֮ҲǾ˼ƿȪˮ֮ûһơ
ڵ״ûһʱ侲ޣǺòˡ
ַ羫ѣǿ޸ֻҪһʱ䲻˽֣þͻȫָ
ַոͷտȥһŮӾƯڰգǰͨ
ǧ׳ͨƺŮӲٿأĴŮӵǰǳİ
ŮͻȻһ̧ͨȥ
ŮӿôһֱͨӱԭλŮ洽ٴһٴαػ
Ů洷ӡƿ֮ѾǵŮ洷ӡٴ֮ʱĸԭ
Щɽ壬ݻٵɭֶԿüٶһϣ
˲ŵĿһĻоλһ٣
Ķڸԭͺһζε˵ĵӰһ㣡
ģҿʲôΡ
񼣣ֱ񼣣̻̲סĤݵĳ嶯
޷֮Ϊ
쳣ĵ֮Ů洷ӡȻӵд˵֮е֮
Щħһ˵Ȼӽ˵˴˵
ɼǶôǿ
ַ缱æʣʲô֮
֮ҲǴֻ֮سʼ֮ʱ̹ŴŮӵУ̹֮ŴŮתʧ֮䣬û뵽Ȼ֮ܿû뵽ŮὫ֮ӡ֮ͨڣֲõħս޷ƿŮ洷ӡԭǴʱڵҲ޷ֿʮħ⹦ƿŮ洷ӡΪ˵õ֮
СٻʮҰĲõ֮⿪ӡħڣʱռֻͿ̿ǿ˭
鼱˭һ飬Ҫȳ˯ˣѻǵˣڶ뿴飡̽⵽֪˵ݡ

ŮӽŮ洷ӡ޲֮ӿƮȻ¡
ʱ˲ſŮ®ɽĿ
һ֣䡣
֮˪峺ĺ⣬˫Ŀڳɨÿ˵һҵĲ
ݼʥˡϷǰŮǰΰݡ
ºܺãȥ֮󣬱Խ㡣
лʥˣޱȵ˷ܼ
Ͻ﷢ͨط֪ͨʥ֮󣬸û뵽ǰʥˣֻҪʥ˿ڽԼǺôͲˡ
ʥʥռϵĴڣ
ɫ䣡
ʥصļ֮⣬û˼ʥĿ˭Ҳû뵽ʥŮȻǸŮӣӿֲǣŮӷԳơ񣡡
Ҳ˵ŮӵľѾﵽľ磬һλ飡
ʹ֪ΪʲôĶҪʥȥԭʥصʥ飡
㣬ʹҲ벻ףһռռĹǲϾĴڣڣȻһ飡
ʥˡλʹȻо𣬵ǻǰݼ
ʥʹĵô󵨣Ȼʥ£˵ô£˭ȡͨ
Ȼʥûɢɱ⣬һ仰ʹһ
ʹЩ΢ʥˣʮּ⣡Ҳ֪Ϊʹֻȥִûеѡ񡣡
ôʮʮеļ
̫ʹʥˣǲ˵ʹڱ˽ƣ˵˲ȥ˵£ͻɱʥ¡
£ڱĵ£Ȼ˵£ʥϺڣϺڣ
ʥŭʹﶼǿֲѣʥ˵Ļ϶Źˣ
ʥˣֻǰּ£һжɼʥ˿ˡǡ
ʥˣ¼ϵռİΣȡΪ˷ӡħڡ
̫ʹ͹ʹͣ飬ʥˡǣһԲû˵
Ҳʲôԭռ䣬ΥռĹҪܵͷκ˶ǣʹҲУŮ洷ӡǵŮַӡҪƿŮ洷ӡǶŮﲻҪ岻ʥص£ʹóԽռƿŮ洷ӡǲɿˡģ
ʹҲǺܵģȻʥһ飬˶ʹĨɱһʹĨǸʹڵ꣬ʥҲң
˿ʥҲЩʹȻô׷ŹôȥͷأɱǲܵģҲûãûֻˡӡŪǸûã
һֱû˵ʱˣʥˣȻһλһ£ǷԽڵл룬һͨˣ
ʥ֪γͷˣĻ۾һ취ãǳݣûɱˣֽ⣡
ʥǳ⣬ǰѵ߸ϵʹ
ȻǾԣ
ʹ̫ʹɫ䣡
Ҫ
ʥˣ˫ʹ˹ȥ
̫ʹ͹ʹ׷ʹȥֿȴ֣ԼѾ㶼ʹ
ÿʹ鶼ŽܵϵǴ˿̫ʹ͹ʹ֣Ѿʧȥϵ
ʹоһصԼڣһֲԼĽıƽ⣬һ˿ĲлҲı롣
ƲлʹǽܵĽһģ˿̣ʹͬʱ걻ָʹ࣡
ʹ໻κ˶޷ܣֻ걬ʥһλ飡ڳлĻϣʹԣ
Ȼٴʹ࣬ʹȥ
̫ʹ͹ʹзǺİĲŽУһֱ侲վԭأȫ죬ɫһƬһĻҰףûзĲҽУ
ʥ棬˵Ķ֮ߣ亱
ȻĶһ棬Ҫһֱʹݣûᣬг˼˷ܣ
ָоͺһֱѵʹһӵõ˰ѣԺַ֮кҸлһεֿѵʹࡣ
ʥȻܸоĸܣжͬͣ
ϣжζʹߣǶûлᣡΪʹȻ˵һķΧյĿƣͬʱҲӵĲռڣʥ֮⣬޵еĴڣνһ֮£֮ϣ
ǰȴֻһͨˣȥ˹֣ȥһٿɿڵͣϲĹȥΪ˼ˣΪȥŬ
˵УҸԭЩͨƽҸ
ʥипǧ̾Ϣҡҡͷ
ÿߴ̤һ𣬾Ѿʧȥɣ޾ɱ¾֮У˳ǲܵ£
ǣ˿̵ʥ˾ᣡ
ʹ֮ел걻ȡ֮ʥԽԼһʶȻһ㣬ǲֵᷢģ
ʥ˾ȫһˣһͨ˵ԸԺʥһֱˣбˣռ䣬ûǸ߸ȥ˺
ˣͨˣ߰ɡ
лʥˣĳĸлʥ֮г˼ֿĸм
̫ʹ͹ʹаӱ¿ôԼʹ
̫ʹ͹ʹʧȥ̫Ⱥ͹ǲܻȥˣǲȥǰ˵ʱ
һʹӵϵ϶˷ǳ࣬ҶһЩǿߣЩǿ֪֮󣬻ôأ
ʥƽĵ㲻лңֻҶ˵ĳͷѣ
ǣתͷߣУͻȻԵڵء
Цѣ֪ԼѾϰʹһʧȥķǳ鷳
ĵĺСԶȥ

Ϊʥȥɱһͨˣʥ
ʧȥĹʹ̫ʹԣĶӣķ׷˹ȥаԷݣһҪж˿飡

ʥ˫֮лл꣬лϢǳǿʥĳּɬлڷĵİ֮ȥת֮ʧ
궼ع鵽Ҳ֤ʥľ棡άʥصϣʥȴһһƲл꣬ĻôǺʽΪУ
ʥȻռ޵УҲռΨһڵ飬һЩ飬ʥȥ˾磬Щһʥ鷳ԣʥԼ鷳
ŲֱɱʹĨĲл꣬ĵľ㡣
ʥ㶨ʹ֮ĿⶢĴʥĸռǿļ˾ְȻʹǱΪ飡
ŵķ׷׹ڵأ֮ģ˶졣
һ飬ûõģʥɱˣƾ˵ʲôûõģɱȻᶯ֣
ΣҾˡĸסҲɱĸΪĸһĻͻңڣϼħӡͻᱻƿؼʱ̣ҿɲռ䱬Ĵսĸɣס´ʥʲô£Ҿģ
Ĵʥ̫ߣʥȻɱɱ֮ǿļȺףĴ˶ǿߣĴĵ˻˻ԻᱬǰδеĴս缶ߴսһͻǣͨ棡ȼĴս
ħ˼䣬ڹϣʥǲôӣ
ʥŹˡ
Ĵʥˣ˳ܡ
ʥĿɨСѩССèʥŮ㱾ħô½ˣȥȥĵطɣ
ʥ˵꣬Сѩλñ˺һռѷ죬ֱӽСѩ˽ȥ
֪СѩѾȥħô½
룿룿û뵽￴룬С׾ˣڲϳ
ʥȻСè˵֮ʱЦݣǳĿ
ַ۾
һ֪ǿ󣬵ֻ֪ǿ󣬲֪ǿʲô̶ȣʥȴ֪һĳɳֿԻصĿ֮϶ҪͿԺȥ磬˵ҪմֻĹأ
СèʥԼܳĸоĵʥô
ʥɷǳĵˣѾռĽޣӦȥħô½ܳɳռ䣬޷Ӱ֡
˼ǣȥħô½
ǵģˡ
ȥȥղ㶼ȥˣҿ϶ҲҪȥǰҰְҲȥô
ʥһ㶣裿ְ֣
ǰʥŮ裬Աߵλҵİְ֡Сè˵ţĽַ§š
ַĸо
ʥŮô裿ְ֣
ʥĿַһɨ˷ֻ࣬һΪֻԪڵ࣬ôСèİְ֣


222 ֱ
Сè͵һںСʱʱûã۾֮һۿľǰְ֣һûн֮ǰ͵һν֮ҶΪַҰְ֣ҾͺְඣʥŮŮ派ѪҰְ֣ҳôҺϲԾඡ
ʥֺĸо̫Ϲˡ
ʥͻȻ뵽һǳµ⣬ˣѵˣ
ûǰˣõˣңҵˣ
仰˵ַƮƮȻģֱסСèڵĳ嶯û㣡һ䣬÷ֱӱ
Ҹϲҵ衭軳ĺְֻǸɻ
ַԵԺȫСèСѩĻë׵ԴСѩزĻ档
Сɫè
˵Ҳɫ
ʥַ磬һϣ֮߳Ĺھַ磿
ǡ
ֱַʥû˼֮⡣
ʥЩ͵ĵͷһߣǰվһԻŵ޴ˡ
ַ統ȻẦ£顢ǬСһǧǰǺɨĴڣǿ߶ܱԼշ϶ȥһ飡
ַ磬ôоľѾӽԵô£
ǺǡַЦһֹɱǳǿֹǳľԾˡ
ʥЩ֣һֲħʦôôྫʥôĵˣûʡ
û뵽ôᣬΪҲǺܸߣȻշǬ벻ͨ㵽ʲôǬ
ϣ֮ǬʥЭ飬ȻǬʱ֪ʥԭǸ飡
ңַҲҵˣ
ʥС壬ԾЦţˣЦЦ
ʥô˵еĿֻţȻ֪צǲܺԼȥôһЦ
ַҴӷӡ֮оȳҴӡǣҲˣȻⲢҪģҪǣһԸΪȥˣСè˵ûҵõˣ
ĻСè˵ʥΪĽƣǲߣϹ֣ҪȻҲַΪְ֣СѩΪˡ
仰צ˵ʥ𾪵Ըӡ
ַһ仰ַжСַͬ硣
ʹַһСèС˵ǵˣҪǣҪҲҪǵǰ棡СѩһŮˣһ˾ӦñŮˣҪҲҪŮǰ棡
ַô˵ģҲôģ
ʱĶԻС塢СèСѩڶڡ
ַȫԱȫԼˣַûô
ҾҲҪںһ𣡺ͻͬΪԼͬ飬͵ĻԸȥ
ַ粻ΪַںС壬ںСѩںСè
СһҲַܵı仯ݸģһҪȥαװô
ԣСһַ̲ͬ磡֮ߵˣСˣ

ʥСĻʥСΪζַۣѵ˵צҲǲȫô
ʥתͷϡ
ڣʥˡæܵʥǰ
ϣ֮ǵĽ·û
ʥˣʥԭĽʥ԰һЩҩͱЩϣ֮һˣµĽƳһЩӡʥȫ޲ħӡ鲻ּʱ·Ҳڰæ֮иַ·ŷε¼
ôһ˵ַ˲ʥΪ֪£ԭײ
ߵַǰһɫĺӽַ磬ϣ֮ǵĽһŻ굤ֻҪˣȥͿԸ
ַУһƽɫҩ
ַɵĿϣļٵģ
ϳ΢ŭΪʥػƭô
ַֻԻɣΪַ緢ֳֻԼ𾪣ССèַеɫҩ
ַ񼫲Ըĵðɣˡ
Ͻ͵ⵤҩ͵ǻ굤ͬˣֻҪʮʱ֮ڳˣͻḴ
ַͷ
Ͽַı飬ȥַһ٣
ַ϶⣬ַãⵤҩܸҲһп̵˵ûԼԪء

ʥСˣΪӦȥħ½Ӧôռˡȥħô½Ȼħô½ǵˣȥħ½
СͲʥˣȵ⡮ħӡȥָܻռ䣬Լƿȥ
Ϊ׷˵ʱʹ÷ħӡܸ룬˲ʹóռ֮
ȥħӡʥҲʹóԽռ䣬ͳܲסһȫһ
⻹򵥡
ʥ䣬Ѿ˼ǧ׵ĸ߿գʩչǿܣֱӽħӡơ
ܵһлָ˿ǰʱ֣紵˷ǳ
Сַˣ֮ǰһ׹ǳа⹦⴫ĻҵˣҲԭ㡣
˵ţСгһˮʯݸַ硣
ַ£Сû˵ʲô϶ǲñֹ֪֤ԲһĹ
ллС塣
СͷҪˣռѾңСèһߡ
СèæҡͷҪҲһߣҪͰְһߣ
СèСһͳͲͣұСŰһΣСè϶ԸСߡ
ʥˣˣַΪֻԪڣ޷ֻͨʱ磬ǷҪȥĻǿַͨʥصͨȥҸΪַ绹ɳȽϺá
ַתͷССèС壬СèΪʣһȥǵġ
ַҲȥħô½֪ԼΪȥһ͵ģ޷棡
СèҲŲߣ᲻ðְ֣Ҵӳһֱڰְߣǲ뿪ְֵġ
Сè˵ַжĻĻֱӿַըˡ
ڰְʱ䳤Ҳģһһ𡭡
ַѪĳ嶯
ַѹסһСèĳ嶯СèС壬߰ɣռѾǵĳɳңò˶һȥǵģ
СԵʹ˳Խռ˴ͨССè˴֮ͨС
ְ֣ȥǰ·ҵŶһġ
ַ翴СèӰʧк᲻á
Сèַ꣬ڵһηֿˡ
ţҲߡ
ʱʥĿƲԶ˵ķ˫ħ
ŷ˫ħʹ˵£֮˳֮ȪˮһЩ˾Ȼ޷ָǾǱħǻɫ˵ĵط
һֱˡ
ʥԷ˫ħ˵䣬һˣ˵ԭ

лʥˡַߡ
ʥ˳ӵһЦӣô겻ɳķǳ졣һǳ㡣
ַǳ棬ʥȻʶԼʦ
ʥ˵
ʮǰΪϣ֮ĹھǬѾӦҪΪξܾǬ
⣬ʥ֪Сٻ֪
ʦôǿܾǬַЩѣΡ
ʮǰսȺۣΪϣ֮ǵĹھҲһΨһһϣ֮߳ˣͨп飡СٻʱѾѡҺʥ׼ȥϣ֮ǡ
ӾȻܾǬ
ǧֻСٻȥѡԼˣûʸȥѡǬ
С༤Сٻŭ𣬵ʱСٻ쳣ŭɱӡ
СٻҪ֪ΪξܾԼûи֮ǰСٻ϶ᶯ֣
Сٻǵõʱ
С࣬ΪҪܾ֪Ϲʮ֮һǬ
Ц֪ѾظܶˣϹʮ֮һԴĿˣȻôСΪλҪѡأ˵ģֻС࣬Ҳ䣡
䡰Ҳ䡱СٻͳСٻˣ
ǰྐྵȻʮ˵ǬԴ󣬿ԼӿԴ
СٻŭЦЩԭ˵СЩûʸӵҵ࣬ͨеĿ飬ӵʸ֪ʮڵϣ֮ǣǬڣ
ȻЦֻǲдһĿռָѣʲô˲𣿡
Сٻ챻ˣСٻľ磬̩ɽǰҲᶯŭǴ˿һ㶼ܲӵȳ
㾹ȻʮͿռָȣңΪʲô
ȻСٻŭǻûʧȥǣ֪ⲻѡԼԭ
ΪʲôԼ룬ǿ໥ɱμнǧˣʣһΪ㣡Щȥ˶㺦ģЩ˶Ǹɸ֮еſÿ˶ԵΪţţǱˣ
ҲǻãǶѬģΪԼȥɱԼͬ飡ЩǶǵĿ飡
ǿôжͲ֮ͬһ𣬿϶ɱǿ飬ҲƭԵĿ飡ҪΪʲô˲Ҿǲѡ㣬ôΣ
СٻûмôˣⲻԭԼǸ߲ģǰ˿϶ģһѡɣ
Ϊ飬Ͳһ඼շˣԽѡСٻСٻԽǿңҲԽϲ࣡
˰죬ҲûȻСٻȴѪ
㲻˵ԭھɱ㣡
һǣη壬ɱңҲ㣡
㡭
ߣһһ˵ԭģ
СٻûɱӣɱӣСٻľһͿأһ಻ѡɱ˼ңɱһףȴ޷־ɱ˻ʲô壿

˿̣ʥСٻҲĵȴӵĻش˵ΪҪѡ
ӵǸʱҲѡǬʵΪҰˡ
˵ţһ¥һҸҲӵţһСŮ֮ɫ
ӵһ潫ԼŮ§ڻǴ󲻾ô
ҪȫˣҰŮˣ
ʥȻСٻƣΪһŮˣ
ַŵĴģ֪ʦԼĸףû뵽ʦô뺷һ棡ܾǬ˵ھȻڴڳôĶ
ӼѡǬͻᱳΣλǾһģ鷳ҿɲԸҵİһ𣬹ƽ֪ϣ֮ҸͲμӣ
˵ûһѡͻѡһ·ַѡ˾ħһӡ
ʥЩ֣ΪʲôǸʱ˵
ӵŮ鳤Щ߸ϵֻһЦѵ˵ǳЦô
ʥ˸ˣΪʲôҪ˵
ӴΪҵŮߣҪҰЦңԶᣡ
ִţˣӣ
ʥЩм˫ħĸ飡


223 Χɱ
ŷ˫ħĺѪ飬а˫˫ħڿ˵˵Ĳš
ʥĻһЩ¡
ЦĺѪҪǶ˭Ҵϣ֮߳ǧ⻷һЩʦֵŶޱȣ׵ã侮ʯݺң䵱ţڶ֪Ǳݺģû˳վΪ˵һ乫ͰҴ֮ߴ׷ɱǷ򸾶ˣ֮ķ˫ħҵİˣҵĵ֮⣬˭ţ飬Ҳţ
ôһλ˵ҲţֱǶһ£
ʥûΪʥǿ飬ҲһŮˣΪԼŮ˾ȻǬ
ŮˣǿŮģҪػԣʥ͵ĵ˵ͷ
ʥԴʮǰǳսʱǶ˹ʮ꣬ǵѾԽʣΪλҪռ䣿
Ϊת񹦡
ʥĵʮǰΪʲôߴҪˣԭΪת񹦣
û⹦ֻ֮ſȥҲûã
㽻ˣ
ǣǸԸĶһ£Զɹ
תԭַĸħ½֮еõģַ֮Уַӵռ֮󣬴֮ȡ񹦺
в߻ħܼһ˿ŮȻܼŮˡ
ַõȪˮ֮ӵȫ澭ȪˮϴɼȬںͳת񹦣
ʥʵ񹦴ɣΪβߴɱ𣿡
ʥǳעӣɳʵס
Ҳǳ֣ʥ˺ö궼أغʥصҲٽôˣ
̾һݺҵѾˣҵͽѾΪұҲֻǱɱεĿѣɱɱν
ʥҪʲôʱʥˣ񹦴ɣҪȥħô½
ʥЦЦȻϲƽҿһǼռ䣬ֻҪǲΥʥصķһֱռȥ
Ȼ˭Ҳû뵽˽ʥҲôɰһ棡
Ҫȥħô½ǻδ˵顣
ȻҾλȥɡŻ굤λ°ɡʥȡŻ굤ӡ
лʥˡӺ˹˰ͶҪײҪ
ʥֱӴ˴ͨ㰮Ŀַ磬ħô½㣡
Ȼֱ𣬵ÿ˶ԼҪ£
裬ʦһȥǣ
סԼ·һԼߣʦ㡭
裬ʦء
СèС塢Сѩʦĸ׶ˣھʣַһˡ
ʥַַ磬ʥΣҿΪӡ
ʥԱߵһʥǲǱչرպͿˣַΪӣ
һ룬һĵӣκ˶޷ܾ
ַҲȥַ绹Լ£ѰļھħȥʥأԻʥꡣ
ַҡͷлʥ⣬һδɵԸ˵ҽֻһʦӣҲٰ¡
ʥһ㶣û뵽ַôɴľܾ˶ʥأΪƬռػߵһԱʥʥ뾹Ȼܾ
һ飬ʥͿҲͰˣַӱ¿ôһ룬¿˺ãַʥͽܣôԼַ绹Ҫһַˣ
ʥûж˵ʲôڿնȥϽ

ǽսַЦҡҡͷ
ַҪľǻָȻΪ˰ȫڼ䣬ַڵϢָ
һϣʨͻǰַ罫¼˸λλʢҪַ壬ַίܾ
λȥַֿ֮ʼϢַľȫַָС֮ǰԼؼ
ǧ񹦣
һ㣺ԼϢ˭ܷԼΪɻûò
ڶ㣺Իûκģ
㣺Իû
ַ翪ʼڽָ֮£һʱһ㣬ַԼϢȫϢַ֮оԼĻΪһ壬ԼΪȻһַ֣ĳص㣬ҲᷢԼλã
òĻûͻε֮ͬǧ񹦻ûһòһб˴Ҳ޷εȻﲻЧгǿ̽˴ȵȶֳԭΡ
һϣǵڶ޷ַΪ
ַ׼̤µ̡
Ӧ½оħϢַ׼ȥѰң
˵ռھħַֻҵڶѣûҵڣַǲȥħô½
ڣַʦֵܡ鶼Լַ϶Ҫץʱȥžۣ
ַ첽ɽȥ
ַͻȻЩСèСèĻͲɽˡ
ãַ磬Ĵʥûߣܣ
ֵĳַʶ
ĵӷλöˣ
ַ٣һɭȥ

ɱ򣡡

ַ翪ʼӴܣַôӹĴʥ׷
ַ磬ܲˣ
һȴַĶڡ
ַٶȿ죬Ĵʥ죡һӲʱ䣬ַ类Ĵʥ׷ɱΧм䡣
ַĿɨĸǺεݣɱң
̻ЦҪĸ˵ôܲأĻ鶼ȥħô½ڿ˭ܰ㣡
鲷СӵΪӦԪôһҵе֡
ַɱ֮ͷһԵڣĴʥЩɡ
ʥҲҪħ᳤˹Ѿħ̡
Ŀ⵭Ŀַ磬ǼǰһսѾ˵ˣĳɳٶ̫죬ղɱ㣬պ󶨻ΪǵĴУδ֮ǰɱ㣬õѡ񣡡
鼱죬ʼʦӡ
ַһϵϢͽȻǣһǾȻʮ磬һֱʴԲ
˾һֻǾȣʵĸʥʲô
ַԼҲǴһû뵽Լʦ֮ΪʴԲʦԼӡһһǿ
ַһθʾоﾡеĸоѾռ򶥷Ĵڣκε˶סԼĽŲ
ǵСӣ㻹Ӱʵˣ
Ҳ˹ӶħȣȻ˹һʥǴ˿Ѿʹóʵʥˡǣ˿ɲٷʥصˡ
˹ʹõǻϵħȻֻͨĻÿͨǧ򱶣
ʥҲͬʱ֣һʱĸλַǵصĹȥ
һɱַ磡
ŵ죡
ַ͵ͬʱ֣
Ϊַʾ磬ȫһַ粻ҲˣеĹԭ·أվķӿȥ
˴󾪣ûмô״ԼȫһԼ
ǡʯͷԼĽţ
ЩæңǶԼĹԼҲǳȫӦ
ȵӦԼĹַ֮λѾӰ
˴ŭַˣĴʥδ棡
׷
ַŲǲȫʩչǰ񱼶ȥĴʥ׷ᡣ
ַٶȻ죬ʥ֮¾뽥̣ضַǵĴʥȻʹʥǾΪϲַܱģ
ǰ涼û·涼£
ַνĵ²źأѵΪ»ô
϶ңΪ֮޾֮޾֮ϿǲܷУʹκģ
ַ磬ӣ
ַ类Ƶ±ϣ·ȥ
ȶ֣ĻַϯȥַһħͷǵĹײһ
䣡
ԭزַ
ǵⲻǱ˸
Σϻ˵սɣ
ַȷ˹ǽһʽһǳɣ档
Цве˼
ͷе˼
ַĹѵĴʥ̸Ц˿ûаַĹ
ַǹһĨЦ
Ĵʥȷ׾ٵĻַĹǲû֡
ǵҪ֮ʱȴеɣʧ
˵󾪣ҪַֿɱУȴ˶һ
ˡ
˵Ĵ˲·һʱڣַĹһ˿ĹĴʥϡ
˶ɣѪ
ַʹ̰ǹµͬʱʼɼܣĴʥĴʥȷ챦ȻǽߵģַΪͲС
ʧȥͬʱǽʽ»ջꡯѵʧȥ֮езУʶݵͣһ룬һʱ䣬̰ǹµĹѵȫУ
ַۣһٻĴʥ
˴ԶһԾԲǵѪ˵ϣÿ˶кúüû˼˺ۣ
ȻʹʥʥվﲻַʹȫͣĹҲɱˣ
ʥܹɱģ֮ʮ磡
˱ַˣҲ˴⣡ַʽ̫죬˵ⷶΧѣ
˵ûʧҲַ縣»ջһп϶޷ĴʥʶһʥʶǺεǿһܱ⣡
Сӣҵıأŭ򱦽ǻһʦģռϾռ꣡
ַ磬㻹ǹԹԵİǵɣ
г
һȫʬ
Ĵʥʥʧˣȥ֮ô
ַЦѵĸûзǵѾ˷ĩǵѾһˣ
ˣһŭ죡
˵Ȼ֪˷ĩֻǲʵ
ַ磬ȥ
ҪʬΣ
Ҫɢ
ó
ŭ֮еĴʥͬʱַ繥ȥΣĴʥȵһΧַ֮ʱǿ˲֪ٱ
ĴʥѾַο϶ٳԵΣÿ˶˴У
ŵ죡
һΣŵûеס˹˲䱻ƣڷֱƵ˲䣬СٻһȣַսǬ
䣡
±Բ׵ĵѣ޴ʯһȥ
ǬĴʥǿǰȥʯ޾֮
Ĵʥȫش֮󣬷Щҿ϶ĵַô
üͷǵĹƿķ֮ʧˣ
ԣԭʧ֪֮٣Ҳͬһ㡣
ѵһûطˣ˹ҲôΪ
ǵܣ˺ѿռҲҪʱ䣡ҲӲǵ˫ۣս֮пռԪؼȲȶ˺ѿռ䣬˭ңǣһװ˵ĿռƷ
ͻȻʲôѵ˵Ǭ
ǵû˵ϣ֮ǾǬһϣ֮֮֮ǱôǬ϶շַϣ֮ĹھһõǬ
˶оЩ£ַߣԺ϶ΪǵľУ
˹ôͨôַ붫ΪУʱӵ
˵ͷͬ˹˵
Щǣʥػ᲻ִ£
Ʋ˿һֲַۣʥصˣ֮ɱʥǲֵģֻҪóʵʥʲôܣ
ĵֻҪ¶棬


224 ̹
飬ַ絽ô
İɣֻǾܵشѣָһ¾ˣܵĽڣһжԸ㶨
УСٻΪȻңͻɢˣ˼˵
޳ܵĵΪַյַ̫˷ʥľȪȫˣڻԣĴ
յСţôô޳ܣսʱռ估ȶҸҿôʱѷ㸺𣿡
ŭĴ㻹
Сţ޳ܣ

˵Сţǲˣ۸ң
ұͲˣֻǽ顭

ˣˣҲˣ޾֮֮У취½أ

ַԣСٻͽֹĳܣַǻԣѵĻ϶
ɳǬڴ󺣵Ĳ֮沨ʮ֮Ǭˮ嵽һ֮ϡ
ַ˹оһ־ʱ䣬ַ羫ڻָ
ַǬ֮󣬷Լһ죬ľɽʯһĵ
ַȥܿһЩޣЩޱ½ϵҪ࣬ҲֻһҰޣħ޺ޡ
ַҵһЩħޣһħ޲ַ׽һֻԼ
ڲıϣչ߷ɣַ׼뿪Ƭĵ½
޾֮ǧǰͱ˽ƣ֮ҪȫҵҪȻ˽ƣΪ¿ס
޾֮Ǹ½Ψһ
ǧǰħսսҲ漴˼䱬գΪƽϢ˼䶫սƬ½룬м޾֮
޾֮֮б˽ƣ޾֮սǿĽƽս֮˻
ַԦ߲֮ȥûɶãӭ֮ϣˡ
ͳһĿɫΣĳһɻˡ
˿ַʲôû˵ͼԦµַ˹ȥ
˽µǱϵһһıַ˹ȥеĳַ

ַ缱æͣ·͵ġ
˸ַͣĿĿַ磬ֻɱԷ
˶Ԫھ磡ַ統Ȼ׾ٽַֻ粻ףΪʲôһԼҪɱ϶ǵĵ̣־鷳ˡ
ַҪͣ˸ַΧɱ
ҪɱԼˣַȻ
˽ӽַ磬Ҫַһ֮ʱַʵͻȻǣһֱǵ޷ܵĵز
оǰ˵ΪתңôͻȻһߣ
ǿַͷֵ֮ʱѾˣ
ħһһоͽ˴ӿ£
ַɱˣһڣַ罫ָˣΪʲôҪɱң
һЦΪʲô̹˽츫һὫ̹壡
ֱַӺͿˣˣ
ôû̹˵Ϣ㲻̹ˣҲ㵵Ŀַ硣
Ҳ̹ˣĵ̣
˼ַĲ̹ˣһϲԷܲɱԼˡæ̹˾ͺãһᣬ̹˽ͻȻ͵Ϯǣҿ㲻ǵΪ̹ˣͺˡ
ַʵѵܲ
ǣ᳤ܲǰֵһ죬Ǿפ죬Ȼ̹˵ĵķǳǾϢ̹ս̹ںף޷ǵܲǾ˰ꡣ
ã֪ˡַкһ
һҪʲô
Ȼɱ㣡˭ˣ
䣬ͷɣѪһء
ǻ᳤ȻҪɱңҾͽȫ
ַԦ߲ʱķȥ
ܿ죬ַսսһƬǽ壬Բں˵ϰپʬ壬ʣµֻˣڽս
ҼлһŮӣŮҲ磬ǻѪ죬Ȼ˶֡
ֱַӳսǰŮԸ
ַļ룬λܿ·硣
ʲôˣоַ粻̹ˡ
ɱˣ
Զǿˣɱ˿ܣٵַʶ
ַʹǽһȥ
̰ǹ£
ɣ
»ջ꣡
ǸеͻȻʧһУһѾûϢ
ַŮϣܿɱһ
ַԲĹڼϾУȥɱǴԲǳɣ
ߣַŮӺһ䣬ǰȥǷŮӲûи
ŮڵͬʬСս˿ռָ
ַ𣬡иˣ޷Ӧߣ
жôֵܽöˣͻһǵʬ嶼ȥһŻʲô˼
æ
Ǭʶһɨεʬ֮⣬ʬ嶼װǬ
ߣ
ַŮӵ֣ǰȥŮӿʼʱ˼£Ѳַôš
ϲĺ󱳣ķȥ
ʮ޴˵ķ׷޵ĺȫһɫ
Ǳ߷ɣ
Ůָһַ缱æͷ˹ȥ
ǲٶ̫ˣ˫֮ľܿ
飬׼
ڵĳַʮ׷Χ֮ʱַͻȻ
Ǭħ䣡
ԵַʮλַĹЩмǵϸչϲмһ޵ľ֣
䣡
磬з籩˺ռ䣬ʮλûзӦͱըƬЩѪģƬһʱѷ˽ȥ
ǿĳַŮӳɣȻڱըһ˲䣬Ѿӵ˼׿⣬ֻܵһӰ죬ڿдʮ򣬲žֵסΣǰȥ
ַŮ𾪵Ըӣ⵽ʲô
ѾԶȥŮӿǱըھҵķ
˼
ʲô
һŭӿдַŮӶĤʹ
ʱѾɳ˵죬޾֮Ͽգͣڵ׷ȥ
֪޾֮߿ϵĽƣҿԽ˾Ȼʾ磡

ߣߡ
ŮӲַָͣ磬ŮӵָӵķͽָӵһģһŮҲжϳ޾֮Ƶλã
ͻȻַоһһصַڣַĹʱס
󾪵״
ַתͷŮӣϸĴλŮӡ
ŮӷǳģͶʮ£гһֲɣУ˿Ķַ硣
ַЩĵΪʲôҾ㰵ң
ŮЦΪǱôĵļƲҼǰͲˣ
ǰַȻ
ʲôƲߣ㵽˵ʲôַһ㶼ͬ
ˣװһǵĵ̣ǵĵϸٽЩһֱҲǵľݵ㣬ݵļƲߣ˵ĶԲԣ
ַˣѾͷ̫ḻˡ
벻ѾҪˣŮѾ϶ַ繦⣬ҲһʱⲻҪСʱʱ䡣
ַҪʱ䣡
ô˵Ҫɱң
Ůڲɱ㣬ҪȥЩȥֵܽã
㲻׷ô
Ůһ̹һطסװһҲûã
Ůӷǳţַ֪һܵĽ飡
ȥ
ַ˵Ůֱַַһģʽ˶ӡ
ʲô
ˮ飡
Ůַһͷ޾֮
֮ˮԶֿԶַ಻ѡ


ͻȻЩĵо˵ھħϢ


ַҲЩڣֻҪҵھħԼĹֻһΣ
ַǱ˵ķ²ѱ
ŮӴַһֱֱ壬ʮӹѾ˺硣
ɫҰ쵵ɺĴɼȺ㡢ꡢˮĸһЩᷢˮﵽȥ
ַڹ۲ΧĻͻȻܵͻһ˹ȥ
Ȼַ粻ιȥֻװšоͽڣַζѣ
Ůһߴʮ׾޴ɺǰ棬һӵķӡɺطһ㣬ŮӺַʧ
һ̣ŮӴַһɫˮǰ
ˮа֮ߣоŲ㣬ȫޱȵİ׾ɣ
ˮĴ⹬˶á
ſڵļŮӣæӭ˹㣬أ
һ˳⶯˼£û˵ȥ˰ˣֻһţ
㡭ʱһƤڣ׳ʵ˹
꿴֮Ѿ׷ʲôˣȭͷյֱ죬ҧгݵĿŵϡԲѡַ硣
磬ץô
˵ͷ
һַ˹ȥ
ַʵûлԣҲѻָԼϲֱ˫ץĽţһ궪˳ȥ
걻ˤ߻أӵ㵵Ŀַ磬㣬ô£
Ҳ֪ѾסĹ
ãȻַ˾룡
˿״ܿϰ˽ַΧ
ַŭȣС㣬ҲϧΣվ㾹Ȼң𱨲˵ץ죡ѵ̹ôԴԼľôû뵽񻰴˵е̹ô޳ܣ
󵨣
ˮŲͻȻһâһõӰӹھŲֱַǰ
ַоһʹ˷˳ȥ
ַӵұߵֱ׳ͷ飡
˾Ŀ֮£ֱַӺһƿȪˮ֮ԭ
ַ̹Ů
ַ̹ˣ˱չ֮еŮ
ݼŮ£
Ůأһǧ˴ˮ׷װݼ̹Ů
ַ緢֣̹˶ǳᣬòǶʮңǴǾֹ̬֮ȴ¶һֲɣС
̹һӰǰʼ࿪ս˶Ůػ˵ˣŮһֱչأƾ󶼲
˿̣²˼䣬ŮȻˣ
̹治֪Ӧȥл²ǽʬΣ
ɣ
֮ŮҶ֪̹Ҳأڵһˣ㵽ʮ֮һԵ˻̹֮帴ˣɱ磡Ϊ̹Ŵ˱𣡶ǰྐྵȻƻ̹һ
ַȻŭҾˣǶҪɱң˵ʵŮңĪ˵ƻ̹һǵҪôȥ죬ǽʬΣɣʲô
Ůܷŭ˶ǳŭ˶ɱ˵Ŀ⿴ַ硣
ûŮ˭Ҷ
Ůתͷô£˵Ķʵô
ʱ˵˳˶˼ǰ²ǲһϸ
ʵˣף
Ů뵽ɱˣ
ַŭ𣬡ŮҪɱң


225 ħӡ
̹Ů񾳽磡ĸʥ߻ʮںһѵʣҪɱַ磬ַֻһ
ŮҲɱˣҲж廹ǻļϸԷһҪɱ㣡ҪƻƲһ㾹ȻԲѷңʹʧܣұɱ㣡
ַ粻⣬ԼУעôһᱻ˲ƣѵ̹һ͵͵Ķ޾֮֮ǧ꣬Ҳôѵǧǰ̹һ屻ô
㶮ʲôŮ΢ŭҲΪһЩ
ôַ˼ǣҽٴ˱Ȼһ٣ұȻ
Ů⻹ôҲ㣬Ҳᱻɱעдһ٣
ַ絭ĵҺŮô˵ҽһ
ûк͵˴ĵϰߣȵĻָƵҩûв´ĻȪˮɣȪˮҸһȫʬҲȥ죬ĻͻξڸһλᣬͶ̥ת
ΪȪˮŮŲַôϻ
һһᣡҪɱһ˵ôûʣǶ𱨣թ̹ˣǿЦɱҿԣ
ַָ֣
Ůһ㶣Ϊʲô
ַЦǲǼϸҶȹһûʲôģҴȵģҾǷһҪɱңȨ
ǰһŭߵһһҿΪ̹壬ϧ
¡
ŮĶַֻһ²ûκȨҪ˵˵ǶҲգթҲգһжΪ̹һ壡Ϊ̹һĵˣҲǵĵˣԴˣӦ飡
ַ֣Цã˵̫ˣѵȫ඼ǵĵôѵ̹һ˲ô˶кû֣֮ѵ඼̹һôֻһǣҪƵϣ
Ůƽĵ֪ĳǲ˻ɣֻҪһ˿ĻɣǾҪɱ㣡ǼϸôҪ̹һ壬ǶĲ𣡡
Ȼ̹ʼʱַջ𣬺ߣץ
Ž̸ַѾף̹һҪȥ࣬ǳѣ
˺ǣȥ࣬ܣ
ԸɱҲţ
ŮõַϵȪˮַˡ
ַǸݵʱˣŮһʱ嶯Լһǿɾ̫ˡ
ǰŮ
Ů派Ѫַ߶һŮһϢƮɢڿռС
̹Ůǧˣڱ˴˵ϢϤַ߶Ѫ˲䣬˶֪Ϣʲô
㡭㾹ȻŮ派Ѫ˵ǲɱŮ洺ˣŮŭ̹˾ŭ
ַȻͬʱ󾪣Ϊʲô̹鲻ô룬롣
ַ籾̹ˣʵŮˣһģû뵽̹˻ô롣
ַ翴̹˶Ѿ˱߱ԵæŮϢŭŮ派ѪʥŮԸҵģģŮ洺˻ĺúõģ
㻹ƭңŮûһ˿飬Ů洺ԸҲŮ派Ѫһ֮࣡𲻹죡Ů洺˸ô
ϣɱСһ㣬Ů派ѪãŮƺȪˮҲҪˣ
ǣŮһǳСĵġòǳᣬ˵ǳϡ
ȵȣַ˼æֹӦʶɣ
ħַ翹˼ϣ
ŮַϤľħͻȻǧǰǸһµӣʧɫ
Ůһ㶣ʶħ̽ȥ
Сһ㣬ҪŪҵĽ
Ůһջʶ˿Ѿȷǰ˭ˣ
ħһħҪȵǸˣ
Ůѹסޱȼ漴˵ǶȥɣĿˣ˭Ҳ׼ϯдͣ
һŭĻҪɱˣһȴĿˣ̹һĴԶתˡ
û˸Ů˶ǻ˼ǰˣȻ֪Ůʲô
Ů漴һϲĿַ磬ȫ֮⣬㡭Ǹˣ
ַͷҲǼϸ˰ɣ
ŮͻȻͷ˵ĻҶţ̹˵ʧҴ̹Ǹ
ŮĵǸǳϣ
ַЩ⣬о̹˶֮ǣʹ࣡æʵŮ£ܸǧǰ˼䵽׷ʲô𣿡
СٻҲ֪˼䵽ôˣΪʱСٻһֱھš
ǧǰ̹һػ࣬ػռ䣬ͷ˵ǺħΪ飬Ҫ̹һ壡ʱտʼʱǺվͬһս߶Կħ̹ħԮͬУ̹˺ħԮ󣬷Уħ֮󡣶ǿʱŸ˹ȴڱһ
ǿԺ˵ħħħҪ̹ħΪ飡ȻħʬʬҰħ֮ǿĶħ͹޺ħķǳжħħ
Ȼǿ߻ôôƾȥֱôǲΪϵ࣬ħħ飡Ļ͸ʥּһǣǿ߰Χ̹һħԮ
ʮռ乫˵̹źŮ活񶼱ħɱռΧħ̹һŮһֹħ壡ΪԿĪ֮ʱħôܱԹħƲζԿħħȷħϧ彫ԼѹħڣǺε׳٣ôܱһ˵ħ
ûãʮŮһ̹һ嶼ħΪ鱳࣡ħӡ޾Ԩħ塢Ů塢̹嶼ӡķӡϵǿǲܳȥ
һսռѪɫʬҰѪɺӡ
һս
һս
Ů˵˵ţȻ۾֮˳
֮ɢһ޵ı˺ͷŭϢ
Ůʧ̬һսǺεȲң
Ůһ飡ľ֮ߣ̩ɽǰ治ɫԻǿĵ˶ᣡ
Ůˣһˣ
Ƕʧı޳ʧ
ΪԼȥˣȥսѶģᣡ
ŮһԼʧ̬飬ģ̹һ廹Ůһ壬Կ࣬Կ飡Ϊϴˢǧ֮裡
һֱڵȴһ죬Ԥ֮꣬ҲΥ
翵ĶַͲš
Ů˫ֿʼŸӵӡһĹߴָӡ֮Ůָһ㡣
ģŮüͷ壬Щ֣ãŮͻȻɫͱ䣬³һѪ
һħ㲻δδһƬ磬ʲôҵϹʮ֮һſԤδ

ǵģһУֻҪϢ棬һ棬Ҳǲɸıˣ
ַû˵ʲôַһ澵Ӿעһ˵һ
Ůǳƣʲô֣
ַ硣
Խұ¶ȥϢһᡭ
ԣŮַδܵĳػѾˣ
Ůһ꽫ַˮһµķ䡣
Ƿַһŵ֮꣬ʱҽкŮ˵̹ĹˣŵǸԽҺ壬ʲôʱңĸڡ
壿ַо껹ûԼ
ַ֪ʲôǺǣѾٶˣ̹˵ƽǧҡ
ŶǵôΪʲôǵô٣
Цţ֪Ҫ̹ŸƳǿͬǷܵȱݡǵ˱Ƚ١

񲻷ְҲֺҹˮռһƬַͨЩƣôǿңô˯ģ
ʱ֮󣬹һ֮ڣ̹Ůַ磡ǧͬʱǳ֡
̹˶ַ֪Ǵ߳ӡɱǸ˺̹˿ַĿ֮ж޵𾴣ǵŮ
Ůûиַһħݣ֪ԽԽã˳ȥַ֪һħַûгɳͻᱻɱ
̹ʳȥ½Ϲ֮вű˷֣浽̹ӡʮ֮һ츫󵰸߻̣Ϣڲգûдȥ

̹ŮַˮھŲ㣡
ھŲмƽ֮мһŴ֮⣬طһ
Ĵ飬汬ĿռӦӵеġ
Ůַַ磬ʹȥӡ֮أҪĶ
Ů飬һصĿռŮַһ룬Ѿһռ䡣
һߴ׵ͱ֮ǰһֱΪϵİǶɽ룬֮ûɢκϢַţлһ


ⲻһķӡħķӡħһħ֣ħںͿ츫ڴ˵أͻȻַʶ
ħķӡַо
̹Ůǰǧħս֮ǰħ壬Ǹʱû޾֮ħһڣҲ̹ħսսħӡ
ַʽ飬ҪĶħӡ棬ħڣ򿪷ӡ֮ħ᲻ή磿
ϵۡۺʮΪռ崦澧ڣһħ澧޸ĹܣѾӡǧ꣬澧ӦѾ޸ɣ


ᣬ㽫ǵӡ󷨹㣬Ǿ˵澧û޸ɣûй㣬һͷӡĵھħϵҲϵħһħ֣ʱҾ֪һˡ
ַ粻Ϊʲô㲻ʹ󷨣ң
ΪħħҪȷݣȷݻǲģħӡƲģʮҲƲϵۺûǸħԼȥӡô
ַŮ˵ͷŮ£ܰ͵ӡ֮ǰô
ǧ׵ĸ߿գַûȥģַΪԷС
ұ¶ôŮֻ˶ҵĳƺ
šַҲֻһʱĲ
¶д߷һǿַ͵˼ǧ׵ĸ߿գھ󷨰֮ͣ
ַͷž󷨸˹ȥ
ַ羫ǵ˲䣬ħӡһ󶶶ַоһޱϤеϢԼӡһֱԼĶںԼ
ַʶһ˻ȥţͼڳϸСѷ죬ѷ𽥵˷죬
ħӡʼƽ⣬


226 һħ
ȴһʮ״ѷзɳһĶ̽̽ڿз˼Ȧһɫǣûַüġ


ھħҵˣ


ȱһ㶼û𣡹
˷ܵĴС
䣡
ħӡʼըһľ޴Ĵɨɽ˲ǧٿס
ַ£ͱ¶ȫش
ֹ˼ӣһѰɫľ޸ӱը֮з˳ڿзš
Ȼ⼸ʮ׳ľ޸ӲÿɢĻҰԭʼĻ֮
̵ģڳˣǧˣҵأ
޸ڿŭţڷйвҪЩѰʲô
ʮ֮һ츫
ħԼһΪ壬ħַӡռħڣŮΪ˱ħħ֣Լӡʮ֮е֮ػħӡħ
ˣܿ㣡ôôأ㣬ҵĻ֮ͻʧģʱıһƸͷˣ
츫ڴ𣬵ǲ֪ٸ˭˵
ַͱ¶ҡͷԡ
ŷ֣⸫ͷĻһʧ
¶ſ츫ǧ꣬ѵҲô
츫ڿתȦжű¶㣿ҵ˱Ҫ̹ŴĴѪûУ˵ˣÿ츫ʮ֮ףһŮô
¶ᡣ
ַԿ츫ûаȤоħڣַ綼
ڼӹһ
Ůַ羪
˵ľ֮ϵľ޸һɽ˺üģţжһ׶೤Ľɫͷ
츫һӵʱ䶼˷ѣϵĻ֮ʧڿ˵ĵһۺ󣬾ֱӺͺǩԼ
ڳʲô״
ֻôһѣΣгһ仰ȳ˯ˡ
ǲǲþˣǺĸо
¶˹ô£
ѵӵ̹ŴѪ֮Сӣ¶ĲţΪ̹֮УǿƣȫǿԺԵ֣
ʵĻش𣬡Ů£ҵһʧɢҪҼ棬ǣҾ˳ɺָ
䡭
һ¡֮˵̸
ʱħӡȫɽм䱻ըǧ֮ĿһɹѪɫϢռ䡣
ţ޴ĿѪɫַ˹
ЩѪɫַַлƶ
˷ܵĵһħڻعˣ
ЩѪɫַƤ˽ȥַ֮ͨ֯ѪܡϸѨλ
ַȫһƬѪ죬ЩѪɫڽĸıַʣ
Ȫˮܸıϴߵʣ߳ΪŴҩ֮һħħֵȪˮǧ򱶣
ַƤ潥һЩɵҺ壬ЩҺޱȣڵֻ֮һεҺͽ漸ӵʱ丯ʴһʮ׵ӣ
ַ羪ޱȣԴħֽ֮󣬸о̹
ʲôַʽ顣
ħֿʼħ壡ڵȫϴͽʱٶȻᱶ
ַһϲʵʲôħ壿
ħ֮壡õħһħ֣ڵħѪѾ֮һռħܻ֮ΪħʱͿԺɨ磡ܵУ

ħֵϴ;ַ֮󵽴ַַĽһ
ӿл£ַоһˬȫƮƮģֳɵĸо
ַĿ֮ǳ̧ͷȥɽڶ۵ף
ַ֪Լľ࣡ǵʲô磬ַҲ֪
顭
æأҡ



ַ֪ھħûԼ
Сٻҵľʲô磿


Сٻʾ硣ΪҲͻƵıԵҪһʱȥͻƣȵ˵ھħ֮յڵڽָһͻƣʱľΪٽһµ̨ף
ţ
ַϴŵЦŮôһһš
ʱ̹Ůַĳֱ仯ǰַ粻һˣ񿴵ǧǰǸɨǸӣ
¶ôˣַ翴ŮԼ㶣ԡ
¶һЦûʲôֻһ˶ѡ
Ůһֱõ츫Ůһħʮ̹֮һ壬⿪ħӡ֮츫ճ
¶룬츫Լģ̹һΨһ飬̹ǿˣټ̹Ůݣ츫϶ԼΪˣû뵽츫ѡ˺
һж⣡ѡǿ󲻵ã
¶תԺϹʮ֮һĿ츫ѡ㣬Ժ̹Ŵˣ̹δͿˡ
һһӱôشΣһסˣӦ
̹һ屻ӡڴˣӡ̹ŷӡˣҲ̹ŷӡסʣˣӡס˵ˣͬʱҲԼӡֻ̹źſ츫ſƿ
еĸͷܸо⸫ͷһûʲôûԼǰʹõ˫־޽ã
Ů¡еѸͷӡЩĿԼ츫
¶ͷûеĸͷǵ̹ŴٵصǧѸͷռ䣡
ͷ亹ٵأһ˶ɣ
ɹɣǻŮĻ
ǡŮ£ڽôӡھȥǳȥԺɱ࡭
ַЦЦɰ
¶üڵΪ޷ʹֻΪﵽ񾳽磬ſԼ̹Ѫʱķӿ츫ƿ磬˳ȥ
̹˱ӡǧֻ꣬Ϊ֮µ˲ſԳȥЩǿֻܴڷӡ֮ڣ
ڵΪֻԪ磬ӽԺ󣬱ΪӣڹھŲͱһɡΪ磬ٳȥɡ
ǣŮ£
ŮԼΪӣܳϲ񣬼ֱȵõ츫Ҫ˷ܺͼһ򱶣
ȻںŮǿģѡƸͷܺŮ±ô


˳˷ӡ֮أַ˰£ڽħ
ˣַ磬Ͻ㡮ħ㡪ƺ쳾
ƺ쳾ַֺùַ֣ɲ뿴ƺ쳾ȥУ
еǳҲǳˣ
ַԼѧľл˵ģֻҪ֪Լеˣ϶һζսᱻĴʥַΣ
ֻҪԼˣʹáƺ쳾Уֱõ˺ԼƵϡǰԼҪǿԷϣ
ȻڵĽޱǿټħһħѾɡħꡯһԱģԣκʹоԴЧ⣡ڵΪԿ飡
ַѪڣ˼˵ʥ֮µˣֻҪ˴ңʹУƾͻҵ
ûһзʤ룬˰ˣѾ˱֮ƣָĺͻȻʹУʲôЧٺ١
ַ緭˷ۣѾ˱֮ˣʹô
УУоרΪ֮ģҪȻôϵĹħ
ַһҡ
ħÿõһھħϽһ㡣
ַʱɹħǳ򵥣ֻҪõÿһڶϽͿԿɹûоħĶϽκ˶޷
ħר߹
ӣַ翪ʼͻƣ
ַȿʼѡͻƵǽ

һӵʱ䣬ַ罫Եתֱ˴ڴԲֱԾʮ磡
ַԼҲǴһǰԼͻȻҲһͻתڣȴһͻʮ磡
ľѾʾ磬ѾʹùԪɡʵ˵Ľת˼ô;綼ﵽˣ϶ϵͻƣһ·ͻƺ谭Ȼˣⶼħһħֵڰ㣬ҪȻͻʮ磡
ַϢһʱ֮󣬿ʼͻƻԵҲһ·쮷ɣûңҲǵ˴ڴԲľͣ
ԺͻԵڴﵽͬĲΣҲﵽһƽ⡣ַ룬ԼȥʩչǬħ䣬ǲܵסһĹ
Եַһֱû֮һֱַĵַĿǰԺͻ͹ˣȵԼͻԺҲôΪ
ڵַ磬һĴڸ֣
ַʩչɱһ͸ַΪ˷ϯȥ
ַ羳ߣɱҲ֮Ȼ͸Σ
ɱԭǿ˲֪ٱ

ֵַַͷ֮ѪɫţѪɫȻƯַǰ
ַΪһӳ嵽ʾ磡
⡭ô£ַԼԼһ
ϲѡ㡣
ʲô
Զ֮еһħս֮ʱϵۺݺ֮ǰħϵסӡǣӡǱħһħֱħѳ֮Ϊħ֣ӡǼȻڵһħ֮ڳ˯ӡǸӦһʱѡ㡣
ַʵŶֻһʶô͸ӡһ
ǵģҺСٻͬǧǰħսϹ鶼ۡϵۺʮݺȫξֻܱһӡѡԵ̳ҲǴ֮СèĴСѩŮĴ̹ĺ̹ŴĴ֮ǰҲӵĴֻΪӡǶѡ
šַˡ
սӦܵõĴС
ַһַָӣַ
һİļƬĵӰһӿַԺַһӦ
ַĴȫɱ¾ɵϢ
ȻЩеļ䣬Ҳܸܵ
ӹ󣬴еļϡ
ǳļ򵥣ɱˣ꣬ǿԼԺҲԽˡ
һϢΧַȫͿ־ϢַԼ޷Ӧţɱ򶼱˰ɫ
ֳַĸо˿̣һʣַҲ׾ٵɱ
ٺЦԱˣ
ַ֪鲻ǿЦ֮󣬾Ȼַһеԭͻָ
죡飬һ£Ϊʲô֮ʱıԵ
ô֪ġ򡯣ֲ򣡵ԺһĽ׶ΣԼˡ
СٻЦСţ㲻Գô㲻֪£
Цң֪ô
û˵֪

ºַ̹˴С
̹Ůʢַ绹Ǿ뿪


ַҪȥ磬ѰҵĽھħַҪ̵ʱ䵽ʴԲȥħô½ѰԼ˺ͻ飡


227 ͵
ַ̹̹Žء
ףٻͷ޾ַһһͷ޾ͬϾ޾߻
˶ûгԱˮˣûˮôΡ
׵ѹǳ󣬵Ƕ˵һʱûġ
кܶ͵ħ޵̣˶Ǵܱߵƹ
ַ緢һ··򶼱ĳֽƻ߽磬˵̹ͨͿõͨ·
׸ָľ޴ޣҿͨеĹ޳߾޺ȥ
ʱϰ
˸ϰԶʮԲʷĶˡ
ʮ˰Χʮ΢ͳǹָ˵Դ
ʲôˣΪ׵ĳĿĶˡ
һ̹óһ΢١
ٿ֮󣬽ԷϸĴһˣ£ǹ
ٶ˵˼ϸ¸ս죬ܶ鶼潻ģһᡣ
һ̹˵ûϵֻǳУֻҪȥĿĵؾͺãÿһʱ䶼µľפأ׵ġ
Ц׾ͺáȥ½½ȥˣ
һˣλȥ½ַָָ̹硣
򣡡һҪۡ
̹ЦЦһâҹ齻˳٣ô
ȻûǮںɱ޺ͺǵڵۣ
ˡˡⳤ۷Ź⣬æ
ַôְԼ˵ĸо
ټǶ½򽻽紦һЩ飬ǰ½к򣬼ȫֻҪ˵ĵطͨһˣŪĻ̡̻
ַ粻ʵ˭ʲô£ôô󣿡
ⳤЩ֣ô£ǲ֪
ҡͷ
ٱ˵ô࣬˼ҵҹ顭
˲Ŷʮ꣬׻Ƶ۹ˣȫ缸ʮڷѾɱˣըʮУ˵ӵ޾֮ϲķǳϸ񣬳̴˽˵ĴֻԳ֮⣬ľͺĸǲܳģȻֻ׻Ƶ۹ľֻʽΪַ׻Ƶ۹ˣܶҶɣ׻Ƶ۹Ĵս׻Ƶ۹ͳγ壬͹ûйϵȻЩǹһܣ˭Ҳ֪Ŀǰ״ƷǳţܶϢ׻Ƶ۹Щ׻Ƶ۹жԵĹңѾʼ侮ʯ
Ҳ˭ôַͣ缱æʵ٣˵˭㻹ûиأ
˽ַ磡
ַԵڵأҾȻôĶңĴս
λ̹˵ĿԾĿַ硣
ôˣٺɵĿַˡ
ַЦûʲôֻ̫ˣһʱסˡ
ַ羭ħһħָ֮òʶõ˷츲صı仯֮ͨϵƬֻƣЩȻûϳ
ȻЩǿɲȫͨһôţ˻͵ɣ
ַ벻£ᳶͨϣһĴʥĹ
ĴʥݣǶ½ԣһֶΣʹЩͨΪ£
£ûоȥҪȥ½ֻһЩӶ̴ǵ˹ȥȻ潻ģֻϴʲô£һŲҲʲô֪
֪
ЩߣֻҪ˴½ͨ˵ƤǷǳ򵥵ġ
ţ˶ȥɣ
ַ磬ֻ㵽ˣ㱣ء
ء
ǡ
ַ֮紦С
֧߽죬ַŷһʯͻأͨĵ̡ûпߣǧ˵ľפأǵװǳȽĴɼս޴Ļ˺ͺеľ
ⳤٶַǳĺãַ簲ϵȵסޣַһʳϵҪ
ڵ죬״̽⵽һ˽̴ٺַһҾ̴
ǳȥ̴ϰ彻һᣬϰһЩǮȻ󳤹ַǡ
̴ϰһʮ׳Ա߸׳ʵıڡ
ϰַķǳϣȻǾǵˣҲҵֻίˣǱ鵽ҾҪһӵΣϣ⡣
ַЦ⣬л硣
ַ绹ǺܿģǷǳʱڣҲЩ˵Ѵ
ַ֪ȫ綼ԼԼͨҲԼ
˿̣СèҲϷɣסͻǳ鷳
ÿ˶Լַ֤籾֤ͼð֤Ѿ¶ַǧ񹦸ıòҲûãû֤ץ
ַһ͵ɿͣ
ַвˬǳҲûа취
ĴʥΪԼأѾȫַҪСĽ
˽ַ˴ףһ㣬򿪵ײգһɹɳðַס˱ӡ
ԲסˣֵܣʲôĻʮͿԵ½ˡ
⡣
ַ˽ȥűأһƬҰǽֻżܵƹܣɢŵĹâ
һٶƽ״󣬶ﾹȻϰˣ
඼Ů͵ȥ֮̽ˡ
ռȫգԺÿһȫ򣬲ܸ滻ӶһʱڣֻܻΣ
;п˻ᱻ
˵ϰ˵κζ
ַȥ֮󣬿ԽʮˣͻȻռ䱻˼ģֻһһĵطǸطõĵط
ַҵһССλ׼ǸչȥȴԱ˳ռǸλá
Ǹ˲˵Ķַ磬ڸַ磬ҵģ
ַЦЦû˵ʲôЩ˶ǿˣַɲЩôοַѱһҪȫ½
ûλãҵһССλãַ߹ȥͻᱻռȥ˶ӭġ
ȿȡ
ʱһ΢ĿڰĿռ֮𣬶˵ĿⶼŭĳǸķȥ
һǽǾһŮԱߵһ˽ŮڻĸŮĺ󱳸Ů˳
Сӣãϰ˵κģϰ壬ɱ㣡
Զһвá
ʱŮ̲סȻŮͷڸĻͣžĿռÿ˶
ʱǸȥһѽŮӵ
㣬Źá簧Ŵ󺺡
ϰԸɱ֪֪ÿܺˣ
ԭϰ£￴Щˣݲ±ﲻˬƻ˹϶Ҫйй
㣬ã
ٿһɱȥôɱڵĿӡ
ȥĿ֮ȫǾ֣˵Ϊ֮ǰѾɱˣǷǳ̵ıɱ
һѽŮš˹ааЦ椣òô
ޣŮֱ˴һ

󺺺ݺݵĳŮһƣŮӡŮûнУĿĶŴ󺺡
ŮӷҲ󺺵֡
ðɣˡŮĸᣬס˴󺺵ȡ

һŽŮĸ߷ɡ
ַ粻£һ˺ĴҶַҲԥɱˣǽ£ַĿȥˡ
һ˺Ů·һƬ׻Ķǰ
Ůҧ˫ƴ󺺵ץȥŮ󺺵
Ůĸ翴һĻֵȥʱŮͷպתĿԼĸ硣
ⲻ׸磬磡Ůˣ
˼ȥϼٻȥ顭
Ǵ˿̣Ů裬ȴһߣ
󺺼˺Ů·ŮûзĶˣĵ㲻˵Ҫһô
㲻˵κ˺ô
㲻˵Ҫһô
㲻˵Ҫҵô

кŮĿ⣬˫Ŷᣬƴҡͷ
ȥԻᱻɱ
Ů˫֮ȫǾЩİ˵˵ĿⶼֻֻͬĿŮҲΪ
ַŭˣΪҪô˵Ů
ɱˣŮƻƽɱɱˣַҲܣΪŮĴڿӰ쵽˵
޲£ַôܿȥܣǻôǰʲô
ŮҧԾ֮ʱŮǰĴƺһѪֵȥ
ˣ˶ס˺֪ʲô¡
ַֻԳ֣һͻ˴󺺵꣡ͨ˸ͷֲַ֣
ŮŴ󺺵ʬ壬£ŮƽʱɱһֻẦ£зǳƽһ㶼£
Ůݺݵڴ󺺵ϲ˼ţһ·кһۣһȥ
кĳִ̼һ㣬еҿץסɱϰˣ
к˵ţǰȥݺݵסŮĲӡ
û֪ôģкôһҲǳǴ󺺿϶Ůɱģ
кˣ°ԼǣȥԾͺŮƲ˹ϵҪɱŮ
û˶֣ЩϲͿֲһĻûԼ鷳
ЩΣ࣬ԵıӣΪԼԼŮ˶Ҫɱ飬ָ
СٻҲ̾ҲԵĮû˰Ů
ǰŮߣ籾ǿʳַ磬㻹Ů
ַȵȣҿеǷģ
ַʼղţһ̻మˣһ̾ҪԷأ
ѵǰνĵô
˵ᱣŮˣ˵ᰮŮһӣ˵ŮͬһȴҪɱŮˣ
ŮûҪΪ˿ŮгԳܵʹ࣡˿Ѿˣ
ˣ÷һ𳤴ˣ
˴СమŮôԲţԼ˻ɱԼΪԼɱˣ
ֻҪ˿ҪŮŮԥΪԼ
ΪԸΪȥ
Ůı۾һ˲䣬ˣ
һ˲䣬κˣ
ַˣٲ֣Ůı޳ܵɱˣ
˵λ󺺵һѪ
תҲһַ粻תĻᣡԶʧ
ˣŮûпһۣǱߵλã
ûٸ˵ŮԣûиֹŮ
ַ⣬е˿ŮĿⶼ˾֣Ů߱ȽϽЩ˶׷ƶȥ
˶ΪŮɱˣҿŮ
ŮڳһƬյأַùȥŮԱߡ
Ů֪ô£Ȼ֪˰аԼǲ֪Ǹ˭
ˣŮ֪ԼˣȫޣҲͲˡ
ַ羲ûкŮ̸ǾԻŮȫϰģ
ַµʱͲܣ˾ͳԼ£һҪܵף
ǷյģҲûԣû֪


228 ½
ŮһֱڿԣԽԽ
ַΪŮֻǱĿܣǽΧĿùһŮĿδͣԽԽɫҲԽԽѿ֮Ҳڳž޴ʹһ㡣
ಡǻ࣬ȪˮſԳ׵
ַ֪ŵľѾŮಡŮֻǿţ
üǿŮ
ַԥóһƿȪˮȻָմȾССһΣŮﵯ˹ȥ
ַ粻֪ŮӺССһȪˮȪˮ߷õʥˮͨһľͿԸ壬þͻᱻȪˮǿֱӳ屬壡
ôһȪˮŮಡȫŮȫ죡
Ůˣʹ޷ܵҲʹˣŮоԼ˾ȫһ̹
⡭ô£
Ů֪ʲô£һжһ㣡
Ů룬ಡˣҲñھȻԼಡȬˣ
ŮŮͲţ
Ůǳ֣𷽲ŵһĻһĻвЩǴԼԼҪɱԼһжԺȥ
ԼಡಡӳһУⲡԼʮ꣬ԼȴĪĺˣ
ôͣ
ֶŮǲŵģЩôȥͣÿѧͲ˵ֻ˵ȥ
ѵһڰң
ŮĿ⿪ʼѰˣŮоԼĿǳ谵ĵƹ֮£˵ף鶼ķֱ
ŮһȦ֮ЩʧֲʲôһǸˣдô
Ů˳˼֮ǰǸɱ֮ʱΪʲôǸ˲æǴҪԼ֮ʱǸظ˲ųɱ˴󺺣
Լµʱһ˸ս
Ůƶ֮£Ŀߵַϡ
˿ַ˫ĿգɢĿǽ˯
ַ統Ȼû˯Ҳ֪ŮѾԼ
ŮֻǸмĿַһӣ˵ʲôû˵
˯
ŮоԼΧĿռޱȵһĳζûУи϶ǰһˣ
ܿ죬ѾȥŮһֱ˯Ҳȡӵȷ˲һˣ
죬ˣ׼ռ任ȴˡ
˭ɵģ׳ŭЩ͵Щͷǵһ㣡Щ͵߾ȻɱԼֵܣ˴ŭ
˵ָͬʱָŮ
ַʱվң˵
ַǾˣ˺ϰ̸еʱ⼸Ҳںţ֪ݲ򵥣ȻѾϣֻȥ
ַȥ֮ڼ˾Ŀֱ֮ó˼ı
Ǽ˰ɣ¾͵ûзȥǵõľƲ͵
ǣǡ
˶˫۷Ź⣬֮æӦ
ΥˣǸΪƣ
ַǲүЩ˲үֵܵˡ
һ˵ǾͿԵִ½Ҹү׼ʮĺþƺòˣ⡣
Ҫ˫ݣһ
ַ˵꣬ͽ˰֡
ַɻĿ֮Ůߣǽǡ
Ůַû£ŰæʵΪʲôҪҳе
ַתͷŴŮŮĺ㣬ֵ
ΪŮˡ
ַĻشŮЩ㵣ŮϵĶַлл㡣
ֱַ˫ۡ
Ůûʲôо˷ǳĮϲ˵ĸ˶Լϲ°ɣԼҪ˼ҵľ֮Ҳûʲô
ʮӹ󺺣ͳͳ֮ȫǷʢʳʽľƲˣ˶ˮֱ
ЩƲƵַԱߣļ˱߿Ȼ󹧾Ķַүķˡ
˿ΣЩ˺ʲôү
ַ߳ȥɡ
үá
Ŀڴ
ַָָһͳŮġ
Ůͷлл
ллŮĲ֪˵ʲô
Ůץһȴڵĳţʱĺַپ
˿ķû˸ǰȥҪҲû˸
ʲô֣졣
žأ
ҽСַ硣ַ绹˵Լ֡Լòʱı䣬ȫַ˶ȥˣ˭뵽ǱͨǸַ硣
ŶֺȤôǸͨ֡Ů˵ģͻȻַǸˣ˵һסˡ
˺ܾãԭŮĸڹ̽ûлؼңȻŮͺȥ⿴ף׬ЩǮ顣
˭Ҳû뵽ᷢ£
˽ĻˣŮҲûַ£ΪŮַ֪粻һͨˣЩ黹ǲҪ֪ĺãԷԸ˵ȻԼ
֮󣬻ڵ˸ۿڡ
ۿڵļǳϸ񣬵ȻЩͷЩۿڵĹԱЩʣ˫̸һӣͷˡ
ǣ˸ۿ֮ϰͻȻֻеڶ飡
鲻ǹһؼ飬һֱĻʲôͷȥʻֱӸ˳
ͷҲŵЩʶ˴绰˵û£Щ˲͵ߵġ
ͷЩġ
Ѱִ򿪣
ͷȺˣŵͷǺ˵ô£
ͷϻ̳ϿֵЦλ٣
ҪǸ򿪣ǲǲ͵ߵģˣ
ͷ֪ô죡
һǹ׼ͷ
ͷףԼٲ򿪣ԼСԲ
ֱ򿪵һַ̣ѾӦߵϢ
ַ缱æʹǧ񹦽ԼŮȥѵģ㣬ַ׼ġ
ǧ񹦵һǿı˵òͣԽϢȫء
ַǳϸģžȥѵָƶһɼһЩѪҺټȥѵַ֤ţž֮ǰȥһģһ
ַ罫ͷϴñѹķǳͣžȺ档
žһж𾪵ԸӣžѾַҪҵˣҲпܾǸ˵еͨ
žַֻ磬ȥ
ǰ˺ܿ챻ϣֵַ硣
ַǳȻó֤ȻѪҺָơͫɨȫһ£ЩǿҲûзַǸߡ
һ˳أ

ַžȥְֵĵطַʱҪҸŵĵط½˽֮һ
žõȥ
žַҪȥӦžһҪ
˵Ҫһȥİְ֣ðְֿĿģϷְֵ߰Ļְֿ϶ܲˣ£ҪԺͨķʽְ߰֡
ԣַðžѷǳʣ
ѾͷͦТ˳ַӦ
žİְһеܱߵһµӳѹܴÿ칤ʮСʱǹǶ½ļ
﹤˶ǳʱЩʽҪһ룬Ǳ𶫷½ǮǶԶ½˾Ͳϧð͵ɵ½̽
ַžȥžİְ֡һֱȵϣڼġͬ¼žİְ֡
žİְֽΰʮ꣬ƤڣǳĽʵһǳˡ
ŮδͷʹޣȻַֺ˵ЩַȻž˵ĶԴ
žŮžַۣأʲôʱܺԼĸĸžأ
ΰסĵطڵӳһƶĽַ翴һŵƽͻȻԼǰĸ׵ĳݡ
СʮƽףһŴһӣһӡ
Ůżҳ˼ַ֮࣬һһûһĺš
֮ž﹤ϼȥ
ַȻ˵ԼȥұĹΰҲû˵ʲô
ַžСùסһϣڶڸ˸СӣһЩ򵥵ļҾߣž
ͨ˵ΪǮΪ˼˶ȥŬ
ҹһ˾ڴϣַͻȻûǰͨ˵ӣǻ黳ַԶزȥˣ
ַעħ
ڶ죬ַžȥ֣׼ϼ졣
ַһţͻῴֵκεطԼͨϸ϶Լͨ
ÿվĳڶרҵԱÿ˵ݣֱֿӴߣ
ý嶼һűַĶ¼ÿҶַ˵ɱ˷Ż
ַˣĴʥķˣ


ҾħĽڣַҲûͷֻܸӦ½½ôôȥң
һжҪԵ
žֵͨעַı飬žܿ϶ǰԼŵˣԼһ֣һԷһ죬һЦˣͨϵˣ
žһ㶼£ΪַĻˣʮַ絽ڱĹַ粻һֱԼһô
žʲôûʣ֪Щǲʵģǰ˲һˣأ

ϣҹϰϰ
ϣƯС椡
ַž浽ϣȥ֮ʱĸߴĺ˶С
׻Ƶ۹С椣һƶġ
÷ǳǳŵ׻˵š
С椣ǰɣţһг˼ܴĳƱ
ЩǽһЩС죬ƽʱ۸Щ͵ĺڻ۸ֲұЩ޼ɵƶû˹ܵǣ
Щ͵ɿֻǳ򹤵ģ˭£˲ұ˼ұ͵ץҷǮЩ͵ɿͿԳܵģ
ַ絭ЦЦóһǮЩǮ㹻ʮ
žȻôôǮַܿȥУܾòų
ַȥУȻǶһһܲ۵ıͻ˼
۷Ź⣬ŵĿַ磬ƶôóôǮ
ַָǸǮˣ˵ĸһֻ첲ЩǮ͹ˡȻٿһֻȵĻټʮ򣡡
ַ˵ţֳ˼ǮǮȫ˵ϣ
ʮ
찡˵ӿҪˡ
ǸǮĺ˶˵ֵǣɱǣǮ
˶ҡҡͷǿַߵŮһ㶼ºͻţǲмĿǣټһóôǮˣܵô
ƶˣ͹¿ͷˣ
˶֪ߵˣ˲õˣ
˵ĿĿǮĺˣĻǰ˲ŲǣҪǣõʮ
ͬʱͳǹ׼ˣҲͳǹˡ
ǲҪɱңҪɱңǿֵܣͷǺп־岻ѡ
ַ絭ĵɱ㣬ֻҪһ첲һȶѣɱҲԣҼʮ򣬸պһ򣡡
ַĻ䣬˾ͺĿ۶˰
ǹģû˻﷢ʲô¡
ַ֣ĺܺãǮˡ
˳ǰŵϵһ
ַ翴ˣǮеǣﻹһȥɱǮ͹ˡ
ղһҪĸ˷֣˷֣
˵Ŀ֮һƬ̰ɱԥĸɵǸˣ
ʣˣַϷַߵž˿̵Ѿ뿪ַĸ첲һԵǽɪɪ
žַͻȻһħ
ַ罫Щֱɱžﻹ̫־壡ôϷƵǻɱžͽܲˣ
һֱʣһˣսսΡΡĿַ磬ҿô
߰ɣǮҲȫ㣬ǵðЩʬȫֳĸɸɾ
˴ϲһһ
Ȼַ϶ŹˣѾĵĴһ֮ͻ
ַʱѾڵϵžֱӽž˼ϣݵķȥ


229 ·ˣ
ַоϵžȫţˮѾʪַļ
žԺ˿̶ǷɱĻ档
Ǿǻ죬ҲֵܣΪǮȻԼֵ֣ܶɱ˵ʱѪͷ񣬻Լɱ֮ʱʹ;
ѵԣ
ַţžЩ˶һĻ죬ר۸͵ɿͣɱ͵ɿͶû£Ϊ͵ɿûݣұ
ԣЩ쳣ѹ͵ɿͣʲô¶ȥɱˣ͵ɿֻܾ裡룬Ҫᷢʲô£
žһ飬ȥ
£ְô죿ô죿
žƴҡͷԼ£ְֿ϶ҲͲˣžСͰְΪԼϴѧԺ󣬰ְ־̽žѧ
ΰŮһУžʲô£ΰľͻȥˡ
žˣǼ˵žַ磬Ϊǻɱž޷ܶѣַôһͣžҲˡ
ַ⸸ŮһѣһЩǮŪһʽĺϷݡ
ͻȻžȻһʹʹ־ĵʹǰžܹǾ֮ʱ

žͻȻĴһַһžòװˣôˣ
ַ磬죬Ұְֳˣ
ַԣһȫޣŲǲΰݷȥ
ǿģΰһƬѪ֮У屻ֳʮΡ

žƵĽһεַ绳
ЩžմӴϵ¼֮л͹ְ֮ǳģе࣬ʱ򣬰ְҲԼǰžľѾǸ޷ܵġ
ַҡͷ̾ϢҲܡ
ʬĻַл굤ټȪˮһԻָڣַҲΪ
ã
ͻȻʮſڳ˽ַȥ
ַһ֣žڻŲǲоħһӡ

ڰ֮мҽУѾַϡ
ַӵһ̣ѾɨƬ
˯еǱѣû˸ҳʲô¡ݵĸסѾ꼰㣬ȫ
ַɱ˼˺Զܵ׷˹ȥ
ַһˣ˵Щ˶ǹ˽ʿ
ַý˽ʿĲӡôҵң
һЦţΪȪˮϢǵڼ麣سȡѪҺ֮ʱһ˵ѪҺȪˮϢ˽žǺܿ鵽žİְ﹤˶֪ȪˮŮ˱ضйϵǾ˳ϣȻҵ㣡
ַһʹԼȪˮžȴû뵽Ϊַ統ʱѪҺǴžϲɼģַ³״ַǧ㣬ȴž
һ߷һεȪˮܿͻգھͲȪˮϢžһͨˣһȪˮڣûмʱ޷ȫ
žȴžİְַ֣ĺʹ
ΪʲôҪɱͨˣ
ϣʲôʲǻǣɱҲɱˣֻһֻ϶ѣôȫַ
Ľʿû˻ģʥصϴ񣬾ǹʵͽִ̻ǾԷӣҲһüͷ
ЩʿУһĿʼ˾ͻعĻ
ַĨһ£˵ͷ­ˣַݺݵĵҲһֻϣ
žǲսΪ㸸ױ𣡡
žַ绽ѣصʬ壬̲סҲ֪ǰɴܵɱԼ׵֣Щ˵Ķһ㣬һֲʵĸо
žԸһжΣجο
֪ⲻΣ
ַܵžžԺ
£˺㸸׵ˣȫɱ
ַžžħһ·ɱ
ַһ·ɱʮˣ·ϣҲͨ˫սನ֮УЩַҲΪ
˶ԪΪҵˣַ˵ûκѹ
ɱʮ֮ʮڸ֡
ַΪκǴڴԲЩַڻң
ַǽһʽЩ˸͵סŵ˵ĲҽУ·ͣŵĳӴܵ˶Ƭ
ֳʱҳһƬ
Щİ˵ĲַҲΪǰַ粻ЩɵԼս֮ϣڵַΪߣҲˡ
ֻڴܣѵҪȥǽµô˿̵ַľЩı仯
ַ磬ǵ˰Χѷɣ
ڸָ˵꣬ͱַ˼Ρ
ַǳ̣飬ħɨ֮һƬѪ
ɱһ֣һַ֣ĸͻΧиֶ½أ
ַ֪ЩǵסԼĸֵ
ַһԶĸ¥óȥ
ʱշʮֱɻһǹֵַɨ
ʱ򣡡
ӵַбţЩӵȻɱǿǸʹ򲻵ַ磬ֻܽϺ͵֮ϵĽѡ
ַһֱһͻΧʱַֻһ˵ĻǬʲô¶ûˣ߻һž
ԼǬžһ
ಣಣಣ
ʮ׷ٻַ˹
䣡
Щڵ˲ַ磬ֻΪ˵סַĽŲȴɱͨˣ
磬͸ְһֹߺͨ˵ĿսΣǹɱͨˣ˭ֹ
һıըܿ콫һƬֱߵĽȫڱը֮к
Ȼ˶ںЩͨ˵ַαں
ûг棬¼ѾԼ֪ͨ
ַұ֤ԼдһȦЩܺԼĸûжᱻݻ٣
벻ϧһд۽ַɱ
ַаݣȻҪأֲں˵ôͶɣ
ַžר˶ദ壡һͨ˵ѪַкھΣ
ַܵһ׻ƽ֮֡æͷĵطȥ
׻ƽ֣סĴ׻Ƶ۹ˣԼҵַɲô
ַ粻ͻΧȥǴžͻΧȥͻΧȥַٶϵķɻô
˿ַķǳСèСèڵĻԿԴԼӿߣ
ĸڳ֣βйˣħħʦ
ʮַΧһƬ֮ϡ
һϣɱ
ʮͬʱ֣ǵصĹַ˹
˿˵ĸоַԻᱻ˵Ĺ˺Ƭ
ַǹЦʵַǹܽʮȦ
һ˱ܶΧм䣬϶Щ˻ͬʱһٻɱˣһ˶˼·мȱֿݣҲԿɱˣ
ǲַ֪оŵУǵĽ̻ʣǵĻ᳤ǲὫԼĳ£ֳַȥģ
ŵ죡
һԲεɫַֽž棬ֵıתǿɫ
еĹԭ·أЩһʱֲԼ
ַץסᣬԼħʦ˹ȥ
ħʦͷԶ޷սʿȵģħʦԶְ̹ҵǿֻ߽·һ
ħʦֻòһһ룬ǵͷ­Ѿ˸߿ա
ϣ
ȫɣ

ַѡ˱ûžĻַڵΪԼľȫԺʮսΪžİȫֱַʹʾ磡
ַͷһֵĺɫʹڣһɹϢռ䡣
޾ĺڰϢ˲ۼһѺɫַ֮ǰ
һħʦʧУʡʣ
ļ˶ֹͣ˹˼Ŀַ硣
˵ֻа鷨ʦſЩѪҲһЩĺڰһ߸Ͳ
ûмû
е˵е֮ô
ôһ˵˲ŷַеʹ֮һģһ
ַɭɭһЦûҾĻǾȻð񣬰ǵ꽻ɣ
ֶʮ˵ķתȥ
ɲ֮䣬ʮ˸о֮ڱһаϢȫǵһ룬ǵȫգ֮лһ׹⣬󵹵رһǡ
ʮ˵ַ֮оһЩȻֻһ㣬ַܸо
ҪֻҪɱ˵꣬ȻɱΪԽ߾Ŀ죬ɱͨˣûáͨ˵ߵǲɱġ
ɱЩַ֮תͷԱߵž֡
žûаַָ磬Ŭ֧Ų壬Լ¡
˿̵ַȫɢаϢžһ궼ܵӰ졣
һͨôܿһȫʢʱڵʣӵʣ
ַҪս뱬ԼսǴ˿žô죿žԼߣò˶ãԼϵϢͻὫžɣ״ַԼҲƲˣ
ʱžֻͻȻˡ
ž˫ֲűֻι
žֵĿַ磬ġ
ַһѽžֻ˹
ι
磬ңǱߵѾ֪ˣڹħλƶڵ֧Ԯ㣡
ַ缱æܾҪħ᲻ܶԿģǵ鲻ֵ㣡ڰһ¾ͺã
磬˵ֻҪһ
žİȫ
ã磬취ͻΧͻΧ֮ңǵĵץһʾ֪ˣڲǵܱͨߵǸŮ˽ˣұ֤İȫ
ţ֪ˡ
漴ַ罫ֻƬ
ӣַĺֵܣ
﷢ô£ڵȻ֪ϵַȴϵϣͨ鵽žĵ绰һû뵽ҵַ硣
ַԼͻΧǳ򵥣ֻҪչ˺žİȫͺá
֧ԮַĻʱӱ¶ݣ͹ħΪУַ뿴ġ
ȥԿħᣬֱѻʯ
žʱǰȫģ㾲ţȥˣ˻㣬һҪң
ʱǰȫģʺĽ֣ǧ֮ûһ˸ǰ󣬵߷ӵ
ַѾ֪ԼλãҲѾźþžˣַֻӵ˸ҹ
ħᷢ˰ַ磬Դͷ
ڵ˹עַ磬û˻ע⵽һͨˣһͨ˵Щ߸ϵ߸Ҫ
ֻҪַ뿪ӵһ֣
žѾɵˣȫûУ϶
ַԶȥһֱɨ˼δӿ¡
˵һʵȫܴݻһУ
ַ絹ҪԿ


230 һ
ڸýϣַʮҴݻ˺üУȻôڹʲôôԵԼ
Ҳһ棡
ЩͨͳܲסߵĹռսʴԲĹ
һ¥ַĺ֮ºȻɨҶһ˸߿Ȼݺݵ
һ·ϣֻҪַ翴ˣԥĨȥ꣡
˿̵ַһ㣬ոÿ˵
нַСٻţһսַп϶ħ
СٻûħֵԽԽãֱַû뵽ڻɱ¾Լɵͨ˶ŹԵתǲйأ
һĹϵҪѹ֣ߴʦַͷϣʱַ͸оޱȱںܶҵսҶַһ˱˺ڹַȫͨĹУַԸҲֻ֪Ҫģ͸վϣǣʲô鶼ģǱݺģݺԩĸоǧǰħսħ塢̹塢Ů嶼ԩݺʼʩһемַϣַܵôַܲҪйһߣõķйɱˣ
СٻɱɣɱԽԽã

ַɱԽ࣬ɱԽʢִҪǰɱ
ָоַԼ޷ƣԼЩеԩͺһӾһͷ˳
ַѾ˷棬ַ·κεطеĶᱻݻ٣
˿̵ַһ㣬ոһһ
ס֣
һŭĴ֮ӰַΧм䡣
ˣһˣ˶һۡ
ǵķϿǹˣ´̣
´̵ֻڽ̻֮£˶ʾ磡ȻûдﵽʴԲ
ַǳƽͣΪʲôҪס֣
ַȻƽͣȫɱ¾֮⣡
һߣ綥ߣ㾹Ȼɱ䣬ɱͨˣɥĲˣ粻֮Ϊ׵ĺ´̴ŭ
ɥĲ񣿡ַ²𣬡ɱ˱ǹֵ֮µٵĶˣǺγɥĲ񣡼ȻǶںǹ˵ΪʲôҪںݺңأɱǾ˵ɥĲ񣡡
´ŭȫͨɱͻɸѣǵĽս֮ˣҲֻҪɱ㣬ٴҲԸ⣡
ַ粻ȥʲô֮λ޴ǣôڴô
ԥλ˹ȥ
ʲô
ӽһλ֮ʱоһԼľһӱһεֱ֮ӿ꣡
ŭһȫλù˹ȥλʿλʱһס׷װæͬʱ֣Žɡ
ٴλصַУַĿλʡ
˿λʵѾȱʧѪȫʼѾʧȥսʻѾˣ
ַ֪֮ǳɵַ粻֣ʶܷϵַû뵽
С˵꣬ȻֱӶ
λŸַϵɫ䣡
ڤ
ʹ
ʹĴߣǧǰħսѾˣһ˼æ
ַ絭ЦţûҾһ񣡡
ܣ飬ôѡһΪߣĴߣͲΪУ
ַЦҸûдΪУǿϲĻж˹ϲķҪɱˣǿôĪеأѵҲô
㾹Ȼǽ̻ʣ
ַ죬ôˣǰҲɱǵĽ̻ʣû
ĻŻţǵĽ̻ʴһλʥƾ㣿
ȥɣĳǲԸǵģǹʥ񽣶һˣħᡢỹ˵ʥﶼһˣ
ƨܣ
λ´ҲŶ֣Ϊַһоɱһʣûаպַ綯֣ǾַҲʱûг֣Ծַ糶ƤֻҪħԮˣͺðˡ
ַ統ȻַԼո˵٣ȻⲻҪģΪַһƲߣƲһùңַŲŶ֡
ܣַƲ죬һңûмǵĽ̻ó񽣣
˼һᣬΪ´̣ͷͽ̻ʼ棬ϸϸ⼸ȷûп̻彣
ǹʥҲ̻ʵ֮Ӳ
´̻ǲַĻ񽣿һʥռǿҲܻٻ
ǿʲô
ַгһõĹ񽣣ǹ񽣵Ľ꣬ǽ߷ġ
ϵԣûеϼǵʶԶѡ
ܵޱϤϢλ´ɫ䡣
⡭ǹ񽣵Ϣ
ַûǵĽ̻ʧȥ±˰ȥĿռ䣬ǣǹĴ£֪ǽ̻ΪʲôҪɱ𣿷ô˼ݺңȫͨ˶ȥǵĽ̻ɱڣֻҪˣܾԶᴫȥ񽣵ȻαһѣԣǵĽ̻ʧȥʥƭǣ
´ѾַĻҪȻôܸôĶ綼Ҫɱַ磡ͨҲַͨ磡
Ϊɱڣ
ĸҪַΪַǵʥ
ʥﱻ٣´ȥĴʥĵλͻ᲻
λ´ڲԼʱ򣬽̻̣ϧκδɱַ磡
Ҳɱ߰ɡ
ַǹߣֻҪ˰Ϣȥеĺùˡ
Ϣ˵һݵˣ϶УȥҲûţ´̵ֻڽ̻֮£ǵĻ˽̻֮⣬˭ɣ˭ɣ
´ȥڲ϶ңԣַ粻ɱ
ַ˹ʥλ´ҲǺ޲ýַǧУǵĽ̻ƭǣǸܲˣ
ͽ̻ʾǵ񣬽̻ʵּּ⣡ڣ̻ȥǣϧеĻҪɱַ磬ԭΪڸһʵ
Ѿ϶˴򲻹ַ磡ܺͽ̻ʽֻ˹񽣣Ƕô
ַǵĽ̻ʾλᣬңЩԪǶһ򾡣ȫɱˣȻ̻ʻһЩԼǵλãʱûййϵôû˻ԣǵĽ̻ʵҪɱǣǻ
˵λ̵ЩԿʼַĻ
к˵ǵĽ̻ʶ򲻹ңΪʲôЩСϺأ㲻ţ㿴ʲô
ֳַһõħȡ
ħʥ
ʥ
ʥ
˰ɣ˶أΪһǵʥҸĴΪУ߸ϵĴ˭𣿵ҪɱңǱҺΪУôһ֮¾ͻǵ
´𾪵ַ緽˵ĻĴʥ˳˵󻰣ڿһжģ
һǿ߽֣ô̻ʶ򲻹
ԣ̻ɱڣ
ַ翪ʼһɱһʣĴʥ꣡һжַ֤˵ģиɻ
´̴˿̶Խ̻ʵĺַ磡
Щ´̴Сڹһһߵ˽λãѾΪĬĬ˼꣡
죬̻ʾȻΪ˵ɱԼ
λ´ŭˣ
ַаЦȥְɣȥɣַ죡
߰ɡ
´̱һӵԹ޺ίŭˣ

£ħˣħ󷨻ʺʮ
ַԶʮħѾַ繥˹
ɫħ̻ȴ
ħڶʽ򣡡
ħʥȡ֮ȳַ
еħȫƣһ˿ĶԺ˹ȥ
ַʹþŵ죬ǽ˵ħʹþŵòΪ׵ľǵȥģȥֻᵲڵ汬ը
ʱַ֪еֱ޸ƣԽԷ͹ȫĸƣ
ҲַΪ߶û뵽ֵزֻԼһ
ַܵ飬ʲôģΪ񾳽磬ʱ֪ˣ
ַ̾ϢȻһֻ֮ʹһΣÿεʱֻǰСʱ̫ˣ
Ϊȼħ֣ʱͿʹˡ
ͬĹڿбըһĺ¡֮Уߵĸ¥ñΪƽأ
󷨻ʷǳȣͬʱҲǳƣַ粻һλôôһλħʦ
ϣ㿴еķȣ
ʲôǡܣܣ
ϣûпǵʥȣ
ϵֲ⼸᳤ܵɹģԭʥﶪˡǱˣ
ͻȻַеǷ꣬Ǳ壡
ַ˾״ȵûǵʥǱһٵģĴʥﶼһˣǵĻ᳤ҪҵɱǣֻˣǵĻ᳤ܸǡ
˵ַ꣬һзȫɣ
λʴ󾪣æΧһЩֻŵĿַ磡
Ϊַ֮鷨ʦӿ£߲֪£ΪΪħʦ
ַͻȻ֣һħʦĹȻȫߣ˲Ͷȡз
㵽ʲôˣķô£
ַ罫е˵˳Ȼƹλ´һ壡óĴʥ꣬ǵϴҪԼɱڣ
ȻҲַˣַȥ
һʱˣ˾ȻǷǣ
ַ磬㱰޳ܣԻɱ㣡
ȻѾַ֪֮£ڹħѾڶ
̴ͽɹ̻ʣҪ̻ó񽣣̻չز
ֽס𣡹̻ʱչصĵطѾڽͽΧڵأ
ħߣҲڵħ᳤ħ᳤ٿѱ磡ַɱڣڿ˵ַΪûôߣòħʥ
󣬶˹ϵĲ֮£ڳַĴʥ֮ززǷȥ
ҧгݣĴʥ򲻹Ԫĸȥɱǲǽʲô
ħֵķ츲أǵһʱõϢ֮󣬼æϰ·ǰˣǻȥԼһˣ
ɱַ磡


231 
ַ翴ŷǣЦû뵽ôͼˡ
ҲЦţЩӹĺܺðɣ
˾һ죬ǿ֮εɱ⡣
Ǻǣĸҹĺܺãǳãɱôˣܿġ
ǳ˳飬ŷַɢϢɫı䡣
Ϣ
ĴУ
Ѿȷַ϶ǵõĴУǻǲŵš
һҲ̫ˣϹʮ֮һǬиϹʹ˵еצΪݵŮ洺СѩֵõϹĴУ
ǿνĽʺޣĽҪ죡
Ϊʲô˵ôãΪͲߣ
Ϊʲôô
룬ǲһΪУǲĴˣ
Ѿֲֵճĳ̶ȣݵľ棬ܺͺô
ǣܣ
ҲҪȥ
ԣΣǰ벻ϧʥɱַ磡
ʥѾʧȥ׷һȥǷ᳤ְλȥְλ֮Էʥľ磬һὫǷ͵ħ½ȥȥħ½ҲûôߵȨֻһСӣ
ڹħѾ˿ѾִѹȥѾһɸıʵóԽռҲѷ͵Ŀռ䣡ֽһ
ѳɶ֣۷ôᱻ͵Ŀռ䣡
ԣҪʥɱַ磡֮ǰһҪֲĵˣ
ַ絭ĵûѾ񴫳Уҳɳһ񣡶֪ҪɱңʥɱңҪ㡭
ַͣ٣жɱңЩ˶ǿ֪ٱȴҵĽ£㣬ǣҲΪҵĵʯ
ôѡôôԹжţжٴ֮˶ûгɳͱɱֻеһѣھԵ֮£ֻС
ôʮ֮ɱôַЩм
Ҳףʮ֮ɱַĻʥص˾ͻϵʱɱַ磬ǲܵˣ
ɱ㣬һ͹
ôַţֻҪʹʥַǬ
֪ǬҵʶѾ﷽Բ֮еɨˣǬûõģǸײľУҲƽ֮շųûײ֮ǰҾͿյ
ǲӦøлң

Сٻʮʥŵס
Сٻ˵أʶѾˣַһܰҺ飬ʱǶ군
һΣַٵǾľ
һʥȫһַɣ
飬㸽ɡַ粻ѵľ
Ĭˣ壬ַͻȻֻһ㣬ΪԶ޷ﵽߵľ磡
ﲻߵľ磬޷ħΪһħ
Ǵ˿̽Ҳѡ
ҪôҪô壡

ûмŶ֣޲ýַץĥûʱ䣡ֻʮʱ䣡ʥصͱ֣ͣ
ԣںַһֱԻϴ̼ʹַ磬û뵽ַһ㶼£
ַ粻η
ǣϻ˵սɣ
Ŀ㶢ַ磬ȻôҾͳȫ㣡Ҫξ𣡡
жһɫ޺
𡪡𡪡֣
ǷʥȫһǷǵǿУ
֮ʥҲסһУ
޴ĽִӿжΧĿռܲסĳռ䱻˺ռѷƺҪɣ
ţƹˮͰֵУ
٣ʥ٣ٿԴݻУ
ڵһʱ丽壬߻еʹʥԲķ
֮Ľ飬쳤Хֺʥٵȫǲм
ȻҲ빥ͷǴսһնɱĻᳬռʱַҲᱻ͵Ŀռ䣡ַͽ鶼뿴ģ
齫ַԽֺٴҲ˲ַ磡
ô֮ͻٴ˯
鸽壬ܴԶ޷ϣҵ˵еȪˮȪˮֻǴ˵ϲĴ˵
ַ屻еûţֲεĹֳһʶ˲ҷ
ַ
䣡䣡䣡

ʧɫת
еըֱ֮˺ռ䣬ռ޷ֲֿ˺ѳһ޴Ŀռڶ
еĺڶٵתţǰһɣڶһͷ鶼ҽĿռ
еһֱӱӴݻ٣˺ѵĿռѷ콫ΧеĶ˽ȥ
ը룬ֱӱը֮ľ޿ӣбһһϿȣ
˿̣ѾûκνƬеһж˿ռѷ죡
һ֮ڽ֮ǰһĳлЩͨ˻ڸæԼ飬˭Ҳ֪ѻͻȻ٣̶̵ʱ䣬жûˣһȡ

Цַ磬ı£ҲӲʥȫһ
ô
ֲ֪Ӻη˹صĻ˷ǵĵס
ţ
ǵĿЦͻȻȻֹЦıͻȻϣľֺͲš
ַһ֮ƮȻ䣬ֹվڷǰ֮⡣
ܡַ硭ôû
˿̵ķԸַɹҲϣַûԼȫһԼôɱַ磡
Ϊʲô⵽ô£ַΪ޷ôǿһ
ԣ
ͻȻַܵɢϢȻʥϢǡʥԲ
ôܣһʮʥԼŴﵽʥľ磡ʮꣿ⡭
˿̷е㵡ֻ֡šţ
ǣҲɱ㣬һȥĿռ䣬Ĺȼˣȥ棬һ㣬ɱ㣡
ַ磡ң㵽ʲôˣʲôݣ󵽵ʲô˵
ˣַôƣֻô򵥣ôǿ϶һǳǿ
ַЦΪһ˵ô˵㣡֮Ѿ̣
ַĻ䣬ǰһռ䲨ʥվַͷм䡣
㡭
ϳָŷǣһ㡭㣡
᳤̫ʥʧˣ̫ʧˣ
Ͼ޺𣬡ʥһ֮ǰոԭǷⲻʥ˸ߣַʥˣ
ͷǺңɫ쳣ѿǿеԼ侲
ɱַ磬ʥصˣηҪȥĿռˣģ
Ҫ˵ʲôϴϣ˵ʲôҲ˵鶼ûõģʲôݣʲǫ̂ߣߣΥʥʥػȫ׷ɱ㣡ô
ҡ
˵˵˵ʲôûãߣߣߣ
Ϸǳǿƣ÷߲˵
ǷһַЦ
ǺݺݵƲַһۣȫǿ־ͺ£ɱַ磬ַɳضԼ
ռ䱻˺һѷ죬ǼԸ˽ȥʧһ̣ǻͷַһۣ۵Ķ񶾣
ͳٶ꣡Щһֱռʥ֮
ʥһǲ֮£ֻʹ˳Խռ֮Żܣػռ䲻ݻȴ£һŲܣ
ôһ˵½ףȴַ
ǲģٲҲûã
ַ磬һҪ
Ѳϴɾң
ĲѪһƬڹ֮ʧ
һߣȥ˸ַ֮оԼһʹǺָܿ
ַ֪ԼѾܴڸоȵΪһ˾֮󣬿϶ᷢ
˷ǣתͷַ磬ôǿĹܵסңҲסСĲ򵥣һЩˡ
ϵȻʥʥǰһУʥľУַ羹Ȼܿۿϴţ
ַ絭Цһһ㣬
УƲͣסҪͷųռҪȻ´һȥ
Ǻǣҷ˵ĻΪܻô
ַ磬Զݶȥ
ַţᡢħʱԼ鷳ˡֻҪ߲Ըַ磬ͨˣַû
Сʱ֮ȫýĹƵлϢȻе׻ǹͷſֲַ磡

ΪĴޣֱĦݣ˹ݣݣÿ֮϶ʮСһĹңĸ֮䶼ɳĮ
˴ַǰĵطݣȥѰӡ
ַץסһС죬ļ䣬ɱ֮ǧ񹦻ûһУ֤Ȼǰݵר
˿̵ַһĺˡͷһ⣬˭ҲַǸ˧Ķϵһ
ʱַ̤ݡ
һǳĳУò˵Ҫȶ½ܶ࣬Ҳණ͵ɵ̽
ҹһڷĶУȺδЩį
ԴӳΪ֮ͨ˵ѾַԶȥַоԼΧȺЩ롣
Ѫһںڰһϣǻʱ䡣
Ƕϲڰϲ̼ԣЩҹܻᡢ¾ưɵֳЩ˾ĵص㡣
ַ߽һҸߵҹܻᡣ
ԴӸ֮˴Ѿ˳˯е鶼ַֻܿԼ
ǽǣַһ˵λҪƿơƣĺš
ҡְЩŮŤͼַǳӦ
ַоʮ˵Ϣַ簵Ĺ۲⼸ˣһ˽ϴַּ֮ȥ
ַ罫ϴּϢķŵֱӿסˡ
£һˣнΰǸˣӦʶɣ
ΰЩɵĵĵ˻ѣ
õֵܣ
ͻȻ׵˻һֱӻΪˣŰɭɭŭǽΰˣȻܵǵĵ£
ôһ𣬶ʮ˳ϴּ䡣
Ȼǳ󣬵˶ͬԮͨġ
ַ缱æͣλϢŭҲǵĵˣ˵ѣ
ѣǽΰѣǵĵˣֵǣɱ࣡
ֻһ˱Σ˶ûУҲҰֵ̫ͨ˿
ַڵΪԸʮˣһȭһӹЩȫַɡ
ȥ峡һҪɱˣ
Щ˷׷ױַΧĿַ磬Ҳ֡
ַ粻ҲûӣЩ˶ӵĵ˵Ļַ粻⽫ȫɱ٣ַɱ٣
ַһֱĬĬţʮӺҹܻȫ峡ϣѾۼʮ˽ַΧ
£ϴȻҽΰôͣ
ţһ´󹦣


232 ڶ
ǣ࣬ˣ
ôˣǽΰˣǵĵ̵ң
Ѿ֪ͨάˡ
ַĪѵҲΪɱô
ʮ˽ַΧסַЦ˶ôûеĻҿٵȵȡ
Ҳַ֪׷ױ
ϣ
˸ַ翴һȺɨ˶ز
ţһ˾޴Ӱַҷɡ
Ƿɳȥˣǵ֮ȫðһ׹⣬һǡ
ҪҲ˵꣡
תַ֮ɱ˶ʮˣʣµ˶ǰĿ⾪ֵĿַ硣
㵽ʲôˣΪ׵ںˡ
ַ絭ĵʲô˲ҪҪǣҪɱңҾҪɱǣǿʳô򵥣
ַȳȺһ֮£ʮ˱ַնɱ
ס֣ʱһŭȻصռ䣬һǿַ˹
ַӱһȻȥ岽ȻԷҲ˼վס˽š
һĿˣȫɢǿϢݺݵĶַ硣
μάˡ˷׷׻Ϊˣ˷ǳ
ʱĸˣַ۾һΪ׵ӣȫ弸ˡ
ַһϲûкϡ
άתͷĿӣΰôͣܵɱˣɱǶʮˣΰһͣ
ӿ˿ַ磬ƲͶάҲʶˣһ֣ɱǵˣͷϸǣάӦøһͣ
ԣ
άŭΰ׿ڳˣ㾹Ȼ˵ʶںԣ
ʱַڵһʶҪҵǽά
άЦûΰ˵㣡㾹Ȼ˵Ϲ˵ʶ
ΰƣַ磬ιҸͲʶ㣬㲻Ҫðҵˣ
ַ翴ӣҲҲʶ㣡ҪҵҳĺֵܣҸû㣡
һ㶣ĺֵܣѾ֪ǰ˵˭ˣַ磬Ȼòȫı䣬ͫ׶ı䣬˵Ǵ˿ֲֵ̣ϡ
Ҳû㣡Ϊʲô˵ҵˣ˵ң
ַ΢ŭʲôʱ˵ˣĸ˵ģվ
ʱάͷ˷Լ㱨ˡ
˲ΡΡĵ˵ҽΰģǺͽΰǺֵܣû˵ǽΰˣ
άַǲ˵ġ
ǣ˵ģĲʶǣҪҵǽάǽΰĽάµάǸˣ
ˣ
άһͷʱˣŽΰˣĺʶҴûмΰнʣ
ΰʱŭάάڱҸ
ַʱҲŭȣάɣˣҪɱңҲҸˣȫ°ɣ
ά鶼ˡںͽΰھһ峤̳֮λֻҪץԷκΰѱһǳСİѱܻ֣άץסὫһٽΰû뵽ԭһ᣿ǱԼȦף
ȦףΰһԼȦףάЩţҲųܣ
˿̣ỹȦףά²̨ˣ˶Ҫһͣ
ΰҪһҲͰˣǰɱԼôˣҪԼһͣʲô˵
һǹƥܵ˵ĵҰɱôˣȥδ棡Ҫôˣάô潻
ǰǽΰˣͻѽΰһٴǽΰˣôάͰԼͽˣ
ĿĶάάεһϱܲ﷢»һһʮĸ峤źϢɣ
˵ҪԼߡ
ΰйͬĵˣǰɱôˣھȻҪߣ
άס˽ΰȥ·
ʲô˼ΰŭĵ̣ĵ̳¹ʲô£ѵˣҪȥƨɣ
㡭άŭΰ㲻ߣ
άʹ˸ɫԱʮ˽ӵ˰Χ
ƽϼʮˣά˵ûʲôؼԼĶֿˣ峤ѡ̳˵Ĺؼʱ̣һС¾֣ܽһţ㱨峤ά군ˣ
άֶ񶾵뷨ɱӣ޻ǰݵ࣡
ΰĿ˸һ˿ֻţά㵽ʲô
ʲôάЦ϶ҪȥҵĶ֣ȥ峤̳˾ҿ϶ѡôɱ㣬Ҳѡһһ֣
ΰЦҪɱңάĴĴӶǹƽҪɱңҪ֪ҳŵʱж֪ĵ̣ĵ̣ѵ˹ϵʲôĽͣһ侮ʯʱ㻹ѡɱңô
άɱ㣬һɱ㣬ᶼûУɱ󣬼޻࣬ٽɱһжĨĸɸɾ޶֤˭ܰô
ַԴЦ
άתͷЦʲô
һȺ˵Ҫɱ˴ÿô
ûַҪɱЩ׾٣άսľ磬˶һЩսˣַûκв
άŭԲѣɱ
ά߳ĸˣĸ˵սǴڵս

ַ粻˷ʱ䣬Ҳӳʲô£
ֱַӿΪһ´ӴɾֱʴԲ
ʣɫ䣡
һĸ˸ճͻĸǣѾַɡ
㡭ʲô
άڲ֪Լ˲ȥǵˡ
ַûлشάĻάȾֵĿ֮нάȫնɱ
ά»ûü־ͱַת֮ɱ
άˣַһ㣬Ķά
ά֪ǰ಻ԼܿģǰǲܷŹԼˣŭһһͷɫѪַȥ
ַҡҡͷ
һάȥһûǡ
ɱάַ֮翴ӣ߰ɣҲɱǣ
ַ˵꣬ĿͻȻķǳͣóһˮӡ
ԭַ罫һжźˣЩ鶼üˮʱӻȥ֮Ϳ
˼ˮһַ˹ȥַһܱ
硭㣡
һ˭
磬㡭
Ҳô顭
˷ֿӿַһݣ磬£ȫ˶㣬㣬ͨҲ㣬磬ò˵ȫճ죬˲֪˲ÿҵͳɨ๤֪Ĵ֪ڵ˺СôСˣ˵ħַˣСͿˡ
ַͷһ˵ȷǸʵ
ַ˼ѾΪħֻҪֵĵطͻѣ
һᣬַӻ˼塣
ַҸ˻֮ɱǧ񹦸ı˵ģԼϢû˵Ϣ
ַӻص壬û˻ɡ
Ĵ塣Ǽ塢Ǽ塢ѪǼͽҡάѪˣҲѪξ峤̳˵Ĵ
Ĵ֮УǼ塢Ǽ塢ѪǼ嶼ͳ壬ֻнǸ塣֮е˻ǻѪ˺αһЩӽƷ֣Խһֱ֮еλǳ͡
峤ļ̳˱ͳ֮еѡֻǸ壬ûʸμ峤
ǰӵ崿ѪͳϢ©峤ڱչأӼ˵ӵѪͳв峤ߣᱻ׷ɱ԰а׻Ƶ۹ܣ˳ĵѪһɱǳԴ
Ӻȫ˵̫ԭؾΪץסųɹĹλãݻصԺܵ峤ԽӴͼνǸʱҲԼӵѪ
͵ƾһ㣬ڵļͳͳ壬Ҳ֡ңҲӵ˾峤̳˵ʸ
ͳͻȻðġƼ塱ǳˬ峤ͳϵľҲκ顣
Ӷڶַǳҹƽ崫ôÿ峤ѡζ˸ˣǸĻѪôһȥ쵼أ
˶ȥӣһֱܱܵ˸޴֣
ǣϣ֮иĴӱȡβûб䣬Ӷ˳øӡ
ҲûƴǣǲȥӲŲ£
˶֪ȥϣ֮ǧ˻ֻûΪӻ߳
ӵı
Ǻ˭Ҳû뵽Ӵϣ֮߳ˣֵ֮õ峤ͳŵԽӴҽҳΪĻҳԱ
ΪҳԱĽҺѾԷͥ

صӼַ֮žžַûм˵ϲ֮гͿ־塣
ַ绯ħɱ˵һĻžԶǣ
ž
ַ翿žžһ󾪻Ŷӵߣץסӵĸ첲
žѽַ磬£Ҳ˺ġ
žӵȫţٿַ硣
ַҡͷ̾Ϣ֮ͻȻ˹ȥһѽžץ˹ֱӸž顣
磬ʲôһź͵ġ
ַҺһʱ򣬷˺ܶ£ˣְҲˣɱ˲ˣҲֻ֪һͨ࣬û취ֲпʵһЩʹĻ䣬һ㡣
ַžԺԼһϢ
ž˯ȥѾ˹ַϢַתͷӵúչ
صͷ

ֵ˺ȵ˴ҹ˵Цִ֣࡭
ַʱΪͺȲ˶ѹգͨһ
ֵܣҲֵֻܼ˲˷ſ죡
ڶһ磬ַ峤ȥ㱨Ϸ¡
Ӳַȥ¶ʲôţַӱ֤һаȫ֮ҲĬˡ
ҲǾ峤̳˵ѡַһҪõλã
ܲһǳϵĳǱǱܽ䱸ɭϣǴŽɫ׵
Ǳ㣬ַ峤ͬʱҲļ
峤һľ޺ϴŽĿף˸оȫűըԵ峤ȵʯ֮ϣߵķֻ޴Ľɫͷ峤ְŽɫͷϣڳ˼
ļ֮վʮĿˡ
ַӵ˲Ѫɫĵ̺룬ڼ˽֮ʱ˵Ŀⶼӡ
峤λӱ
ΰĸأ峤Ὺڡ
峤Ȼһǳľ޺֮е޵ĲɣУַ룬һܴˣ޲ԶˣԲŻѡ峤ļ̳ˡ
ӹĵ峤ˣĸѾС񽻸ҴǽһĴ
峤ͷΰ㴦㵽ͿԶһ棬û⡣ȻĸȻĵ



233 ˭ı
峤ˣԽΰݣôԺƽƽΪ峤ϣΰʲôݣһ۵ѪǷǳ峤ľ
峤ɫѪǣô
ң峤ˣڽټǰҪʽΰŪҵĵ̷£ҵĶӱɱʮսǱɱͽΰѲ˹ϵΰǴ֮ڻûʸȥӣ
˵ˣΰʲôǰ˭ʶҡһ侹Ȼƽƽô
ѪǷǳŭˣ׷ͺڷˣܲޣȻĶӷǳ࣬ά۰һ
ǵ峤ȻΰΪ˺ܶ£ǰҾе㲻ףԷڣ
ҲҴ˵ûΰԺǲΪĴ壬ҲԳΪҳԱԾ峤֮λǣƽƽҾûǸʸ񣡡
˵ǳֱӣ˿ѽΰҲڰ峤Ҳûз
峤ŭҪ췴ֻýΰ˵ѣ˶ѣȴô࣡װʲôǰ˼ȫڶԸѪϣѪͱ˴ˣ
Ĭ
ΰǰĶ档
ΰֺӣ׷ҧгݡ
峤ʱԽΰΰϵ´ͷβ˵άô£
ǣ峤ˡ
ΰںĸ죬άŭĳ嵽ǵĵ˵ң˵ǵ˳ǵҹܻ£ҴˣҾ͸άȥ˰ֳ֮¡
ΰóһˮ󹧾Ľ峤
ƾΰһ֮ʾ˵϶ţˮѵʱȫ¼
峤Ը˷˼ˮĻ棡ܿ죬еҶһ
ȻЩ涼ӵԺƬΡ
ԭһˣάŪˣɱ࣬һŭ֮ɱˣάȻɱΰ޻Ǹ࣡һ㿴峤Ŀڴ
֮Ǹɱά£ԽΰҲɱǣ߰ɣ
ѪǵĶˣĻ滹ʾӱ޳ܵһ棡Ѫ޷ܵģһ峤
ѪǴ𣬡⡭Ӱαģ
峤һˮԼô
ܵģѪͻȻϱָŽΰȦݺҶӣһжȦף
ΰĵϱڼĸ죬Ķŭң˵ҵǵĵ£ɱˣҲ룬ɱ˵һ࣡ҹȥ֮ԭᣬҪߣȻάҪɱңǸڣҿѾɱˣ˵Ȧף
ѪĻȦףһжǽΰļı룬ôƽ޹ʵĳôһǿߣӰпһλʣҵĶӻ᱿ȥһôһҪһ˻ҡڵȥҹܻôѵ֪ĵôΪ֪һУԣǹɱˣԤıɱˣǹ˵ҽΰҶӣɱҶΪΰȥ֣ΪʲôԤ׼ˮһУԤıһж׼õģ
ΰ˵ĶԲԣ
ΰԶԣѪô˵ȷ
˵ûһжǽΰԤıǲȥһʣɱά£ȴ˽ΰеɵǣΰʶǿߣ
ʱҲΰ㻹ʲô˵
ѪǲƣΰԤıȫ˵ɣ
ΰѹ֮ЩͷȫǺˮȻǳƽ֮зǳֻţûУⲻԤıһжֻɺϣһˣάΪңԣάλңάŽȥֳҺǿߵţȻ˳µĽҲû뵽ǸʣһиһϵûУ
Ӽ磡ַз࣬ˣӱǸֱˣô˵أ
ôѪҧгݣûеĻΪʲôͷԤıĻΪʲôܣΪʲô飡ΰԤıһһĶ֣δ峤֮λ˵Բԣ
ûУӲ֪ôȥ硣
ʱΰ㼸⣬ֻҪشǻ߲Ǿͺã
Ӵҽΰһʣ
벻Ըӣ
룬
ӵĻֻҪش߲룡ʲô˵
벻峤֮λ
룡
Ҷ˵ûʲô벻
룬ҽͣ
ŭûʲôɽ͵ģҵʻѾˣԸӣɱӣ峤֮λ֤Ԥıɱά
ѪæݺݵĶӣΰ㻹ʲô˵
磬ģûʲôԤıûУ
ǺҲǰӣΰʵɣǸǿߵ˭
˵Ǹൽ˭
˻𣺡Ҳ˵
ַһˣѾƵ˵仰
˵ǳʶǸˣֻǲ˵
ѪǺݺݵĵȻˣʶˣ㲻˵ȻǸԤı
Ҳ֪Լ˵©ˣǷľһֱѹӣѹ֮£ּȵĽţʱ˵ģ
ѾﵽǵĿģֻҪΰʶˣôͽΰ군ˣ
ʱҲصԼλϣʣµ£ͽ峤ˡ
峤ʱΰΪʲôҪôΪʲôҪȥݺԼˣ
ʱŬ峤ˣûУҸͲʶǸˣҲûʲôԤı峤ˣҪҡ
峤ĵ⣬ûнɵ㣬άϴˢɡ
磬峤ˣ˲ԴǣǵȻûа취ͣҲû㹻֤֤Ԥı
峤ҲͲûԤıҲ˵ɣΰ˵Ǹ˭ɣ˵һ̴ԲҪ
峤Ѿжϣ¾Ԥı
λЦ
ѪԼѾˣԺͽΰйϵܽΰǲ׵ĶҪ
Ǻǿ϶ϣΰΰˣǵĶӾһ֣
ַģӴ峤ҪҵνҪνһǾ仰ûûԤıҶģûԤı
ѪʱģǵǧǰħսˣеԶˣҪַѣ붼룡
Ҳƣΰɣһ˵Ҫһų򣡡
Ҳΰڽʵ˵峤һᷢ䣡ٲ˵ǶԿ峤ϣ
ΰ·ƣ
ΰһǰ˫Ŀֱ峤峤Ҫ㣡ҪɱҪ㣡ûҾԲϣҲϣ
ӵǳǿӲҾûɱҿԣҾû
峤ҲΪˣŽΰ峺ͱľģ峤Ҳжϵĳп治ǽΰģƽΰ޴ӷ
峤þͬ
峤ʱҲ֪ǺãþĻǽΰһᱻ壡ΰЩΪ御ľô£У峤Ĳ̣
Ѫǽ峤ɫ粻峤ˣ巨䣬ǵһµʱǿͶƱͶΰ
ΰ
Ҳýΰ
϶Ͷΰ
峤һ̾ϢҲǳΣ´ѹȥĻң
ðɣڲþ
峤˵ȵȣл˵
ַʱӺ˳ǰ
ѪǴŭַ磬ʲôݣ˵ķ𣿽ΰ̵£ûûС
ַĿĶѪǣѪǳϣֻ˵˵ѣѵ˵Ȩûô˵ˣڸ峤˵ʲô죿
ѪǴŭˣϳȥնˣ
ǽҵˣѪǣʲôʸң˵峤û˵㼱ʲôѵΪȨ峤ô
㡭ɱ
ѪǵѾַץ˹ȥ
ַһ𣬾ͽڵء
ַĿѪǣѪǣҪ췴ô巨䣬ʮǱ֮ǲģڵ峤ȴɱң˵ǲҪ췴
ǰһ峤ĸñӸһ췴ĸñѪǻ˸æ峤峤ˣ˲𱰣޹أֻ̫³ֽѵѣû췴֮⡣
ַ߳һ̣һǿַ缸仰ͽѪ˵Զԣдˬ
ӶַĪΣֻҪַԳʲôⶼԽ
峤ҲûûйزɷԲ˴εкܶɵ㻹δƺ֪һЩҿǵ˵꣬ۡ
л峤ˡ
ַתηĿλλϴˣͷβǽ˶ȷ֤ݣûκ֤ݣǿ˵ֻǵƶ϶ѣƶǲܳΪ۵ģüˮһУǺ˶ǲ飡һֱڶԸǽˣ֪飬Ҫ˵ǲ֪άʱͻȻǽ˳ȥǽܲ𣿵ʱάɱǺǸ֣ǽ˵޻ǸϣǶˣ֤ȷ䣡֤ݣûУ֮ƶ϶ѣѵƾЩƶ϶Ǵ˵ô
ǸղʵǼӿЦĴ֮䱾ǵжԹϵӺһֱǰжԸǽˣǽ˿϶ҪԸǣҪǽ벻峤ôĻʲô峤̳ˣ϶ʿͲǺʿ
ǽ˻ʱǿϢǽˣǴ˵˼ǽ˵ͶƱͶƱֻϺ峤ˣǣһ˵ǲǾ
ַ𣬡ǽģ
Ѫŭ죬˵֤ҲֻǱϵ֤ݣǸһͽΰʶ㣬ɣҲҶĲףһԤı
ַʱЦûһԤı
ַͻȻĿڣ˶ڵ
ѪǴЦˣ
ַ粻ĵѪǴˣûĶˣȻǵĽҲˣô˭Ҫ˵ԤıĻⳡԤıһǽǴ˺Ǵ˲߻Ԥıһ˫޷죡ͬھǵõĺô
ѪǴˣ룬ǽҵҺѪ忹ôֱѻʯȦףΪʲôȥݺάأԣǱˣɱһɽۻЦźôˬ


234 
ֱַӽǺҲ˽һӽеͷϣ
һ˻ֻһ̣˵ٱѣ
ŭ𣬡Ѫˣ
˵˵ǶݺݵĶַ磬ǵıôǵͷϣ
Ѫǵɫˣϸһ룬ҺԼ군õôһǽǺǣѵǴͶڱͱӣ
ܣңûд£
ܣֵദ꣬ô£
ǺǼæͣʱ򣬽;ͱˡ
ַû
ַϽ͡
ǶַŭǵԤıǴԽǸֵʱΰҲɱΪʲôɱΰ
ַǵ⣡ʱɱάɱˣô˭һ붼ǽǺǵģάǽɱôһ˵ĻìͷֱָǽǺǵˣǾͲǽ˻ţʱһеζƵǽϣû˻˵ĶԲԣǴˣǴˣ
ǺǵɫǳѿͻȻָǣеܣģ
Ǵŭ磬ֵܣô˵ĻҸû£Ǵģͳϰɣ
ǺǶΪԼģǿ϶ǶԷԻָ
Ѫŭ𣬡ǡǣҵĴ磬û뵽ǾȻȦңάһֱТмӣǾȻά
ѪַĻΪԽҵݺѪǣûһôͳ嶼ǧĵ̣֮ǽҿԿģЩͳ崦ѹңֻѰзչ
ΰȦɱάôѪһȫң
ԽҲô޴㽯ҪȦףһʴԲȥɱԼĶְٷ֮ʮϻɹΪʲôҪŸôأ
ԣѪϸϸһ£϶ǽǺںĹ
ɴ˿̵ĽǺޱȵıûûǣǱһʣһ¾ͻˣûƾʲôңǽǺǶΪǶԷģ
ˣǳûУ
ۿǡǺѪҪ峤ֹ
峤ŭµΪֳֹɺͳһԵһĽ
˸о峤ŭˡ
崫һֱǷǳŽᣡΪǵŽǲ񣡿ǽϣҿ㿴ʲôˣҵĴ޽ҪѡѪͳ˳ΪҵĽӰˣȻ˽ѡԼĶӣǸԵļڣЩѪ˱͵͵ɱΪҲ֪ôʲôֻ֪Ҳ˵
Ҵ޽ҲƵͳʱѪһҪľŽᣡеܵŽһӭսѪ壡ʲô໥¼ɣ໥жΣԷأΪԼĶ峤֮λ
峤̾һΪ峤֮λôô峤֮λͱ뱳ΣӵȨ͵λͬʱҲͬΣ
峤Ŀɨ룬ǰΪʲôѡΪʲôûпܵȴ峤֮λѵҪǵĶصޣǾŬԼԼȥݺԼĶ֣ȥҺú÷ʡʡԺ뿴֮以ɱ飡¾͵Ϊֹ
峤˵ֱ꣬ʧڴ֮С
ֻ֮ܲȥ֮Թ޻ԽԽֽ峤뿴ģ
Ҳף峤֮ʱضҪѪһսڹڲԲܳʲô⣡

֮һ㣬ַڳӿ϶ˣ
ӣҲûʲô£ÿ춼ҪȥϿѧϰѧϰһЩֶκһЩµľߡ
Ӻ潻֮ĸоԼĲ㣬гһԼ峤ô϶ѹס
ҪĥҪѧϰ
ַӼƿȪˮӵõȫ죬ȻַȪˮ²ܸκˣϢȥַݿ϶ᱩ¶
ڲַǲģӼÿ춼æַȴһˡ
ַȥһطΪطǰȥĵطǾǹѧŵٴѧ
ַ绹ûгΪһ֮ǰŵٴѧַһ룡ȻַȥȻҪȥһѡС
СַѣѡСŵٴѧѧ
ַ֪ǰн⣬ֻҪʸССַһĴ𰸡
̫ԭɵķ֮УСҲַַܶ࣬ʧȥϵǰѡ
ַ³׼ŵٴѧУʱַͻȻȺ֮ںԼ
ַ硣
ǳᣬҲǳַһ۾ҵ˺Լˡ
һλĸɫĶˣһɫУУؿϱšŵٴѧ
ַǳȺƣԼڻûɱ˵ӣԼվӶϲǰѧôϳԼ
ѧǳǳЦţһֺĸоߵַǰ֪ҪңԤꡣҾǸС
ַǳȣô֪Ҫ㣿
Сز¶ĵǰҾ֪Ҫҡ
ǰ֪Ҫַоһ㣬ǾȻ˸СĻ
Ҵȥһˡ
Сַŵٴѧſȥ
˿糿ѧǶ½߽У԰
ʱѧſڣһϤӰַַȥǻ
ΪǰŮѡΡ
Ǹ˦Ůӣ
εһַ̣׵Լ˭ˣԭΣ
ַ֪Լʧȥ˭ˣԼʦĸף
һֱַ뾾Ǹı֣ͷȴıԼˣôҲ࣬Ϊַ
ַ类ħ½׷ɱӺͳһֱַܱ硣ӱߴɽַȥŵٴѧѧӾûа취ַ磡
㵱ʱַ֪ϲŮΣǽַһжŮŵٴѧ
ϤЦϤϤһУַ֪ѾԼˡ
ַϲŮ꣬ȴڲͬ硣
ѵԼˣעҪŮ
С޳ܶ鶼ע޴Ӹı䣬֪Ѿ˴𰸣
Сַһַǳ⣬ѵһôţûô
ϣ˷ǳ࣬ҲվˣЩӵ
СʱַСûȺеǸɫ·С͵һҪԱߵǸŮʿİǮС
ַЩţΪС˵С͵ȥǳʵͲһС͵
ǵʻãһƴ˸ɲһζɫ·˳ǰ㣬ɵŮӵİȡһɫǮС
ַȻĿŸСе㻳ɸСǲǺС͵һģϷԼ
СС͵͵Ǯһվ³³ʱŮӻᷢǮˣץС͵һ֮¾ͻᴩ·һڱײ
ַһ㶼ţѵСɣַҿһ
ַԴζĿŸССҺģ˵ǲģ˿϶
СЦЦҪ־
ַ羪㵣µҲ͸ɴϡû˵
СҶˣһҪΪӮõһһΣ
ַЦãֻҪΥ¶У
СתͷŴλĬ䶨ˣ
С˵һͣһվ̨С͵Ҵҵ³ŮķǮˣ
ץС͵͵ҵǮ
վסܣ
վ̨պѲץС͵֮ӴܵС͵׷˹ȥ
С͵һ·Ϻᴩǰһڱγ۶ײ
ʱ³ַ绯һӰǸץ͵·档
ַ֮˸СԱߣСһʤơ
û˿ַôǸ˵ģַĶͲЩͨܿġ
СĿַ磬ˡ
ˣѾǸˣô䣿ַ粻⡣
Ѿˣಡ
ַ·˿ȥֻ˼εڵأ°ĭ
С΢Цַ磬û굤ȪˮǾȻע
ַо𣬡Ȫˮ굤ô֪
СĪĿַ磬ϵһҶ֪
ô˵ܲ͸ÿһ˵ַ˸СĻ
ν˺⣡
⣿ˣַЩмֻɺϰˣ˵㶮һЩδһЩطѣ˶ѣ⣬ҲţˣҲţ
ħĴڣַԲˣ

СַԼס
һǳµСľݣһеᣬûκ쳣
ɳϣСȡ
һܿ⡣
ַ磬ǰҵټҾһֱռˣֻռҼ֮ǰ飬Դ˼֮˾ͳһƬ磬Ǽ棬Ҿ뵱ΪռѪΪΪ̣׵ռһˡ
С㵽ʲôˣȻСȥͨҲΪַܸһĪĸо
ĴˣҲ˿˵ߡ
ַͻȻ޾̹֮Ů˵㲻ַ̹δֻҪҵͿԤռδ
ûǰҾ㵽һħǸʱ㻹һλѧһһߣҰй۲ܳʱ䣬ûʲôֻ֮һͨ࣬ʱˣǰͻȻһͻȻ磬ʱ㵽ǻ棬ȴ꣡һо͸һһңһֱռδռδҲұԸ
ַ絭ĵҾܾء
СЦţȻ㲻㣬ǿ㵽ߵˣʦĺֵܶţ½㣬ѵ㲻ôǺ˳ͻ½ô
ַЦĻ˵ע֪벻֪ҲûʲôϵҺαҪ֪أ
ַ粻ܾС󣡽ַ˵һҪԿˣ˵ôԶ޷԰Σ
ô˵һ鶼עˣСʡ
ţҾңҾַ磡ˣֻЩҳĽڰˣҲһߣ
СЦȻ㲻ţôΪռĽô˵ûʲôϵɣ㶼š
ַ磬òӵߣΪռɡСٻַԺ
Ϊʲô
ҲԶʮ֮һԤκĹȥδ㿴δҲǺܺô


235 ΪԼ
Сüһҫгһӵͭ
ַ翴žӣоأһͨľӶѡ
СٻҪС⾵ӣؾǾɽĸУ֪ܶŽ񣬸ʱմ֮ϹһҴУ񾵱͵һֱ䲻û뵽˾С
СĻַԲţСٻĻַȴŲɡ
ַ粻ʵܣ
СٻȻʮ֮һܶŽ񣬵ӱϾģȴǻģһжعҲѭ˵Ĺ켣ȥ㣡ﶼܴ֮һ˵ˣ޷ı˵־Ҫͱһأһؾ͹ˣ޷дˣ
ַǳ侲ĿŸСźıˣ°ɣΪռһңҵҪ׼׼
ã㰴ҵķ
С׷ŻַܾôͻȻ֮Ӧ
ַ罫ָƣһѪҺ֮УѪҺ漣֮УʧһƬѪ죬һ󶶶ҪӸСֶСŷ궯ѹ
С󵭵ЦħѪȻҵĹƲˣ
ַַ֮Լһ˿ϢĽ֮СѪһİ춼ΪһƬɫ
С˫ְұԵ˫Ŀգżɬһ֮ڵӿռۣ֮󻺻ľ֮ϸȥ
֮󣬸Сֹͣֶĸ
ַ翴һĻĳ
ַ͸С֮漴ʦͶţϣһȥ壬֮ѪսڼĴȥ̫ɽѰұŷµıأѰչ֮ѪսɱѪ档
Ѫսܾˣħ˻һѪ壡ַȫ
ַ֮ʹ˳Խռӵħô½еֵȫħɱ
ͻȻһζûκͼֱһͨľӡ
ۡ
СͻȻ͵һѪƲסǰȥַ缱æǰСס
С֮ɫǳѿͱȽϰ֮ûһ˿ѪɫЩıһ˸Сüġ
Сһڿȣѹѹ񣬡ַ磬δһԤⲻԤ⵽һڷ¾Ѿķо
ַղԤҶˣ־һӵħô½ҵֵȫˣҿԿ϶ĸһ㣬ָ
Сĵ֪Ϊʲôһֱôעô֮г޾ı
Ŷַ絭ЦҵҪʲô
СͲռˣħ½ˣ
һ㣬ַһ㶼֣һԼħݶ֪ʲô֪ġ
һ̣ҪΪѪħѪ壡㸴һħ
ַ粻ʵǧǰǸħ˵ôôħ
һħһħһħΪ˾Լ֣Լ磡Ǻε׳٣ǣħȴȴݣһħħԹԹǺεǿǿ󵽿Ի磡һħžΪ˸ΪԣһħѡʱҲѡ㣡ӡħѪѹƺͳɢĽһħ
ַڲףΪʲôҪԼˣԭͲģ
Сһ̣Ѫͻǣеĵ˷֪ô㽫ΪһεļЩڵһʱӡȴ㣡
֮ռ䣬ħ½˲ûзŹ㣬ʮһֱ׷ɱ㣬ʦĸһֱ㣡㵽ʮʱ̫ԭرһ٣ǸʱѾӵ룡͸ûһ֮ʾ˱仯Ҳϣ֮ǣǱ֮Ǭ;ħĶԹǬɱ㣡ȴշǬߣһսӡȫħѪͻɣȴӡǸצĴʥһսˣ½һս㻹û
һδεͻһδεΪһ˵ȴӰ˵ˣ
СͻȻһ󼤶ĴЦˣ㵽ʱȴ㲻ħ
ַһ㶼֣ħһ澵㵽ˣľͲܳΪɨܵǧŵһħˣ
ַǳ򾲣ĵûֻÿζ㵽һ㲻ħħĴڣԣ㲻ҵˡ
ôСҲµûĻͷһսڵĽѾ˺ܳʱĳ˯û˾ħ㣬ҵҪ
ַʮ㣬ԤҵֵܶһۿҵֵһҸһӣҪһҵֵǰ棡
СãĿԴҺһΣ
ַǳϲģ
ǡΪҺͱ˴Ĵû
ãʲô
СܸıˣҸСԺ㣡ҲҪһҲһԸ㲻ܸıˣô͸ңһͳħ磡
һͳħ磿ֱַӱһǿСޱģַ϶һ˵ģ
ѵ
ַЦһͳħ磿ôθڣ㲻Բ𣿡
СΪһߣҵʹϷˣϷֻأҵʹҵʹΪħıĻҲֻ˳⣬ħĸı䲻ˣôֻܳϷң
ַЦãҶˣ
ַԼֵһԼǰҲԼһ˻ӵħô½
֮ȻƵǶĵĶǱ˴˵ˣ
ַԲ
ַҪǺͶţ˻ϡ
ַ籾֪ͶţԼͨӰַ֪ѾԼ
ôںȥϲǰԤô
ַҲǻˣͶţʲô¡
˵ĶԼ֮ڣСһֱַ磬ҪĿַôȥ
иСڣַһʱԺҵͶţ
ò˵СͶţľλã̵ַ·ߺ;룬ַſôҵˡ
ֵܼ棬رĺͼھƵ˺ܾãСһĬĬĹ۲ˡ
Сţˡ
˶ڹħΧ֮¶յս̫ɽ
СǹаЦַ磬ҵҪôȥıˣ
֮彯ҵһݵ㣬Ȼ˲ܻصܲΪ졢ţ͸С࣡
巢۹һ̫ɽǱŷµıأж֮һ񹭣չɱѪֻ񹭲ܳ׵ɱѪ棡ʵǵħһӵչɱڴˣչ׹̫ɽ
һжԤĽС弸㳲ǰ̫ɽ
ַ˺ӻ켣֮УȻţϢѾõҩı䣬ͨһ˸޷֡
һ˴඼Ƕ׵ˣЩ˶ǻѪ塣ʱЩѪĵλܵͣĻѪ˶ˣ⵽ѪɱͳҲЩѪͱΪ࣬ȻɱǴЩ˵
һ彫Щ˵һ𽥵γԼЩҲҲûȥֹȻ˵ͳ˿ЩѪͱˣʼպѪϵҲ䷢չ
ܿ죬ʮѹѪԽԽ󣬶һ죬ԻѪ峤ݰݼ峤ҪΪͳһԱ
Ȼ󲨣ֱӰ쵽棡
峤ҲӦǽ˸ˣԼĶӽΰӵдѪͳ峤֮峤϶˽ΰӵͳѪӵѪ
Ϣ峤ֻܶ˯ʦһ˵ûиߣΪϢĴȥֱӻв棡
Բһ˶ȥǧ괴棡
峤˽ΰͳѪͳͬ⽯Ϊͳ壡岢УΪļ壡ΰѪϢȫա
ϢĲ㽯ΰһӵͳѪˣһ˼ͳУΪʲôҪ嶼룿
峤Ľͷǳ򵥣Ѿⷢչʮ꣬Ѿһ壬ǵʵҲõ˺ܴķչշôչȥһ޷շĶ֮ʱͻΪǵĵˣΪУΪѣ
峤˼Ҳǳףֻ˲ѣһ뷹˳ԣڳĸˣ˭Ը⣿
Ͱдѹ壬˶δɱΰΪΰѪͳΣĴڣ
ȻֻܰнУĿŵĶԸ壡˲֮°Žΰȥ˶½һЩӣ˳ѪʹõһɱǳԴݻٱ´󹦣
ΰȥ֮峤ԼνΰʱѾûлԽΰˡϣ֮ΰһٶֱϺݺݵɿһƣ
̫ɽѰ֮ã㳲Ĵ壬ֻҪ˭õأչԿԳΪ峤ļ̳ˣ
ǡǺѩǻнΰսǰ̫ɽ
Ȼͽΰ˶ֻаˣЩĴսЩ˶ô彫ܿŻ
ַоһжϵУѵ⣿
ʾĴΪ񹭴֣Ѫ֣˫֣ܾˣħ̵
עĽ֣
ַҲЩĸӣ͸СĶԼַҲԼһܸıʵ
ַҪľĴ֮ĹϵַһĴѪĵǹħᣡ
ַǳ֣峤֪̫ɽбص飿Ѫ֮ôβѪô֪Ѱħôֻ֪Щ飿
һķҲ̫ɺ˰ɣ
ר̫ɽ£һƬϦɽһƬơ
ɽ£Ǽͨ˾סĽǳƶ࣬һڽ̡̡̫
ƽʱΪһڽ̺;ס֮ͨ⣬ʲôûС
һӳڵļľ޷ӦֵǶĴӴܣصԼ

Źͺͺ̫ɽʾصĻɣ
ǧ֮ǰħս˷棬ɽݲͻȻ˵бأţǲȥ峤Ļ
峤ȥЦ


236 ̫
ﶼһ޴ֵĸоôɽȥұأ
ȻԤһ˵˺¼ʼĩ޷Ԥ̣ҪҪӾ֣֮
ַжϣȻҲֻ񳱣
ַͲһ澵ԤеһУһ澵ܽûз³Ϊʵ
ֵһ̵̫ĽӴ
ӭͷʿÿ˶ɫۣؿӡһ̫
ǵĽأң
ǽչأѾδλ¡
ǴŭӾǵ㣬·
ǵץһʿʿֻܴ֮ɽ
˺аԵĳɽ̡̫
˵˵һɽ
ɽߴʮϣӶڵĺۼԷֱ˹ɣʯ֮ϿһͦӢġ̡̫
ڵĽʿǿ鳯ȫһ˹
Ϊ׵ԼѮңź½ۣؿ֮ȴǺɫ̫װͿԷֱһ̼
˫ңң
ʲôˣĿĶŽǡ
ˣѰһҪǵĽǻ
壿̵ɫЩѿѾϳˣǰλ
ѹס𾪣ǳ򾲵ĵǵĽѾչض꣬ڵĴСҴ̫Ҳһֱûκγͻ֪λǰν£ֱӸұɡ
ǵʵǣ̫ɽѰģ̫һ֪̫ɽأ֪һЩʲôʵʵ˵򣬾ƽ̫ɽ
ϵⲻͣĳ鶯ţƢΪ̫룬ѾˣǵǿԵĴ֮һ壡ֿ϶ǵѡ
λˣ̫ɽסô꣬û˵ʲôأеĻȥھ򱦲ˣŵȱô
⻰ǳеΪһ仰ǡ
Цô˵Ѿھ˱أҲãѱؽ
Ҳûа취峤˵̫ɽбأûбκ̫̫ɽΨһɣֻܴ֡
һ䳡ˣû뵽ô룬ȴЦˣﻰھ򵽱ˣƧ֮ǵõصĻͷɻڴô
Ѫǵɽ߻ʵԶûĸע⵽ǵõ˱Ҳȫģ˶Ŀ͵͵ã˵ĶԲԣ
λˣûбء
ϻ˵ǽƽ
Ȼǲͷˡ
ҲЩ䣬λˣǽڱչأչ֮ǰԸκǰܴԣλԲסˡ
ǺݺݵĵҿǾƲԳԷˣ
ŭǲҪ̫
ߣǱ̫ôˣҪһСĽȻôļӲǣǶƣ
̲˵һ˵ĶгսΣʱ׼һս
ǴŭȻҾͳȫǣ
ϣ
ͬʱΰҲ˹
Ϊսǵ˽˶Թ⣬һֱǷǳŽᣡ֮Ҳ£һ¶⣡
ΪŽΪŽᣬߵ죡
γٶ˶ľӢ͵սǴڵսӪжʮ
ΰ£ֻΰΪֻǴɾ磬⻹ǿַȪˮͻƵġ
̫ߣΪ׵ĺһԲĽֻʮڣʮԪڣʣµĴ඼쾳硣
⣬ֻ֣̫ܸ
ʮͷսǳ˹ȥܿ콫ʿ˺Ƭ̴ŭճȥͱһץķɣ
˫֮ս̫
˴ٽ֮ʱһâֱӴͷսǵ崩ͷսҽжûз͵ȥڼĸ֮»һ̲Ѫˮ

ڶâ˳Ŀ֮һĽǣ
ǲҴ⣬ֱӱ֮ȫǺˮת£Žâķӭȥ
ǵâץ֮У漴һĲҽУâŽǾ޴Ⱥ֮˹ȥ
Ⱥҵʱһĸߴɫ۵߳˫ս롣
˫Ѿֹͣ˽սĿⶼǰˡ
ݼ
̫֮̽һѽɫıɢޱǿϢ
չ
ǴӵצѾ¸ʴѾϣ²ȫ
ҧгݵĿǰߣ۶ŭ𣻵ֿϵĹʴţȫ̰֮ɫ
Ŀɨû뵽Ϊ˶ԸСС̫̣϶ˣǿЦ
ǴŭƥʶһĻͰ񹭽̸ǣ̤ƽ̫̣
һ㶣һ˿Ϊ˲𾪣ô֪񹭵Ϣ
ŭȣôĿħս̫֮ԶϢǧ꣬ûҲκηָʾָʾΪڵĴôħᶼ̫ɽңƾ壡
ѪǴЦħẦǵ̫ɲ£
ǵ˵̫ɽ̫ıӣôǵ񶼸Ǵʲô㿴Ͻĵ̣ƶѵǵǵĶô
ּЩܴĦҪĶбǾðɣ
ַǵӰս̫֮ڶɱӣӱַͶţߣ˻굤ӡ
̵ַ̫̳ҵչǴ˿Ϊʲôչڽ
Сٻʱ̫չչֻչһӰѡ
Ӱ
ڼǰ͵õչ޷շչûǸʸ񡣵˲ûзҹչݣϣԼĳܴչɹˡȻչǲ񹭸һҲڿģеǰѹ
ַӰˣΪһõչڶ
Ǵ˿̵ַ粻࣡Ǻ͸СԼ˵Ҳţ˭ʶַ˭ĸУĸ⣿
̬ţս̫
ʾ磬ǽҲʾ磬ǺҪΪһ㡣
û񹭵ĻԿԺɱǴ˿̽񹭵绢ѽѷ֣
ҪɱҲҪһЩֶκʱ䡣
սҲͽʿǴһ𣬻һ浹ɱЩΪ͵ĽʿͲսǵĶ֣
ַԱߵӡţȲҪչɽǱ
ԼսôǿϼҲû¡
Ӽ磬չұص֮ʱĸһҪõ
ַתͷӵҡ
ӿַصĵͷ
УַäĿΣȻҪϣַ֮ǿıɸģΪַܣ
˸ͻΧԶһɫӰʮֵס˼˵ĽŲ
Ạ̸֪̫̊́Ѿɱ⣬ȥõĻʥչܣҲʥ䵽
ַ̿˾˹һΪĸַ֣֮⣬˶ס
˽ңսپ
ƾ㣡
һŭȣư磬һѳĻַ˹
ǵȥʱͻȻеĽûˣеͻȻʧȥ֧ŵ㣬ûɾɢˣܵɣ
ţ⻯Ļ̰ȥ
䣡
ַ粢ûбֻôڴԲս
ǽһʽ̰ǹһƵĺˣȫ
߽
߽һ̱ɣˡ
ǸԲҪȻһȥҲˣ
˿ַҲΪԷǱĻһϳԼǵɱάǸ࣡
ڻʱ
ǰַԵжõΣַԼʵȥһԲַ֣ܿ͸оѹ
̱ˣַ˹
ַͬʱɱʱ򣬶ֵַ÷ǳַҲּܶĹӶʱ͵Ϯˡ
ַᵽΪĲ࣬ʮһ޷Խĺ蹵ַɱʱ򣬴˿̵ַ˺̵£
ַ˿̿ɱɱַ粻ܣ
ַڿսѾɱ˵ڹۿַ硣
̲סУ磬ˣʱȣɵְɣ
Ҳ㲻ַ磬ɱά֮ʱʮ˲ɱȴһ޻֮
ʲô
ͶţȴǿĽζ
ţҲŶûмַ磬ôôˣ簡ǲǱ㶼
ַʦܵľѾǴڴԲǱһ㣬Ǹ
ֲô
СһԿţûж֣Ҳû˵
ŵ죡
»ջ꣡
һбַųȻַ綼ѡǡʱ˷ʤһǾŰѺĳˣ
̴˿ȫѪ죬ദˣӵЩҡҡ׹ĵû뵽һɾ˻˳ǿҲɱңѾ޼ɣ
ô
ַڵĽȷѾ޼ַ绹лûã

ѾʧȥַͻȻȫϢǣ˲ָ˶״̬
⡭ô£
̰ǹ£
˿Ż˵ĽĻ˺̣һƬ֮лɷɻң
ʱ̫̽սҲѾ
ַܿһɱߵĻߵս϶
Ϊַͺ̴ʱе㳤ߵʱ䣡
˲ˣȻǵƶǱչˡ˿̣չ˵ĲԶ֮ͬʱչķȥ
ѪǿչĸչǺܿеչɱ˹ȥ
磬ʲô˼ǰʱ˵õģ˭õչ˭ģѾõΪ᣿
ǵܣõģ˭ܵõƾ£˭ı´˭ģѵ㲻˵ˣĶάѾˣǱʣµѾûдѪͳǱѾûʸ峤֮λˣԣȥȥûãǸɡ
磬Ѿʧȥ˶ӣ㾹ȻҵչҶˣѵұ˾Ͳ峤֮λ˰˰꣬ѵʦ˵һӶ峤ô磬չ뻹ңõչ֮ʦ˵һ峤һǣ


237 һģһ
ûнչѪǵ˼ǵܣ˭峤֮λһҶӵܼ縺峤صǵĴ磬ӦùУ
ǵĻ䣬еֲɣǵϡ
ֱӽֵװ˿ռָɲܴߡ
ܣʲô˼Ӵ
ǵ磬ܴҾͲܴӴôõչлɱѪ棬ôصص翹ɣô
ǵĴ磬ǰ˰ٶĸ飬ѵͱȲһôҪһô
Ѫŭ𣬡磬Ҫ𣿷չȥģҪ
ֱ׳ĵ磬ΪܵģҲ˹㲻ܵģҸ
Ǵŭܣô˵Ǳҳˣ
ǵʲãЩֵ֮䷢ʲôĶˣĲ˵ǰƺܵĶӣܵӣ㶼ڻҪҳ֣ѵ㲻ɣ
ǵĻ䣬˵¶һĺΪǳô꣬ǰҵˣֵ֮ìܣÿδɱɱѹԷĶĹ£ǰҵˣ
ǸΪŭǣǼ¸ͲģӲҪͷϸǣǰܵĵǳ֣˷ŵĻôʮ棬ǧͨ棡ɵô
Ǳ˵ͣΪŭǰǰҵĵھ⣬ôһǰȥѪ̸У侮ʯݺ̸ʧܵģô
˶˴˽ҿ˵ףЩҶףװ˭Ҳ˵ϿͿģڰ鶼ϣ˭ܵˣ
¶ĿڴֱЩ鶼֮໥ɣ໥ѹƣ£֮Ļǵ£
Խ˵Խ࣬ǵԽԽĺ֮ŭڵһıԵ
ǣҪִ飬ڱˣǳ֣
Ϊ߸ϵϣǵǲܴģ֮ìѾѻ˼꣬ûл
ͬ£ȻһΪȷԼĵλ֮ıսô᧿Σ֮ìҲѹĵףҲֻţ֮ĶǰнУ˰ﶷһ϶ֵһ㣡Ҳû潻ֹ
Ǵ˿̣ٻìܺͳڽǳֵһ̱ˣһʧȥǣĳȫıһʰ֮ӭһս
սǵ¶ûжЩ¶ǾӢ֮еľӢҲľˣ
ֻϣܼʱס֣ҪԷؾͺá
ܣ㾹Ȼ֣ôݣִңŭ
ǴУȶֵģݹ飡
ѪŭȣȻˣʲô˵ģɣ
СڰЦţһж֮еţһжûиı䣡ܿ죬ӾͻǰֹѪɱ
ַȫԱǿɱȻӵ֮ززúѪ塢ħ˿գʣµ˻ȫûܵĴַҪ峤֮λ𣬶
ַ粻ܳ棬Ҳַֻ֣ܳܰ취æԽ
ԣַҪľλֹͣɱַڵ޷ֹ
ַתͷ˿ԱޱȵĸСתͷҲһ˿ŵЦݣ
ס֣̲סŭһ
ӿѾȥԻһʱκһʲôʧ岻ֲʧ
Ѫһŭ𣬡ΰʲôʸס֣Ҷ
ѪͻȻ뿪˵սţӵķ˹
ӵΪܳһʵĹ
ߵķһ˼ʮ׿⡣
ˣ
˳ӵķ
ء
ӵ·Ѿ֮󣬷׷׻ΪѪǵķȥ
ѪǴŭҪ췴𣡡
һֻڽ壬壡ǽ彫ЩĻѪ˺ͱһң±һУЩǽģ壡Ͳǵ
񣬽ΰǾȫսҲҪΪΰ
ʱǺѾֹͣսǿѪǵĺϷ
ǶѪǵҲˣܣôɱΰɱΰȥô峤
ѪһԼһʱ嶯ɱ˽ΰȥ֮Լһܵطô峤֮λԼԵ
Ѫɫһ䣬һٶӵ²ûж֣һֱܡѪףԼɱЩˣôԼͳɱڣֻɱ˽ΰĻԼ˵ΪУһʱ嶯ǿĽùȥԼĹף峤ΪԼԼɱЩˣʱ򣬴Ͷ侮ʯԼһ
ѪǶӵ´𣬡Ƕס֣峤ϣ췴ôҲɱǣ飬һȥ峤
һŭ𣬡ЩҶǶɽǽ˶ÿ˶ֵһ㣡ɱǴˣҲҪΪ˱Ҳ˭ʲôݣ
ӵ£ûûÿ˵жǳޣǶѪǵɱ⣡
Щ˶֪Լû˺£ֻΪǵֵܱ
˭ɱǵֵܣǾҪ
Ϊֵܱ𣡡
ֵܣңһ㣡Ҳį

ӵ¶ŭţÿ˶֪ÿ˶η壬һ̶Ŷӵ壬ֵܵ壡
Щ񴥶ĵĵط
ؼʱ̣Ѿ׼õַ罫ȫ߷ķȥ
ӰΣǶԾ񾳽һϴ˭ҲַᷢС
뵱ٵʱ򣬶ΪԷ԰ѶԷֵǣΪʲôΪʲôΪ
ͬʱĬһζεĳ³Ժ֮УʱʢΪ߲嵶Ϊֵܸ
ֵܾ죬ֵܾǵأֵܾһУ
أԴĳԺεյֵܿʼչԼɱ˵Ŀʼ˰ݵ
˭Ҳ֪ʲôʱʼֵ֮ĸĵˣֵ֮俪ʼ໥ɣ໥жԸԷΪһ涼ֵܸ࣬ڲ֪нѡ
ѪǲûжܣƾеĹݺݵԼϡ
ѪǵҪѪǴ𣬡˭Ҳ׼֣
ѪǲԼ¾ԼҪԼֵܻ᲻ԼԼֵܾԼô˵֮廹ڣûоԼôӽ쿪ʼҲʽѣ
ѪǸûзҲûʹκʾ
ת֮䣬ѪǾˣ
ѪǺʹѪǲ֪Լûܹˣûиоʹˡ
ѪǸоԼϵĲЩǿĹǽΰ¶Խΰ壡
Ѫٲ֣ͻ
ܣ
ǺǿѪǾȻ㣬Ѫǵʣȥ类
ǺǼͬʱ֣ѪǾ˳
ܣΪʲô֣ģܵסǣҪ˺ǣҸˣ
ǼæתϧԼĹ͸ѪǣָѪǵơ
սһ㵲˵ǰŭȵ˭Ҫֵܣȴҵʬϲȹȥ
˿̣ƺֻص˼ǰǸٵʱΪֵܿԸһУʲô棬ʲôʲôȥģʲôûֵܵҪ
ͬʱоԼһصǣţԷļֵ̹֮ĵĸ飡ûǸлǸǵˣ
񣬾Žߵ˽죡⼸Ѫѹ֮½˥ˣ峤ޣѪһȫ壡ٲŽᣬһ
˶Լ
˿̣صѾһһģһ
ָоַҲоˣַõʱ򣬲þжǿ󣬶ַ磬ľַЩ̫ţʱ֮Աǣڿȷǳǿ󣡶ַΪԽԽǿ
Сɫһ䣬о޺ôɱһ׷ôΪʲôַʲôûΪʲô˻дΪʲôת
ַƲһ۸СЦΪʲô֪ô棿һỹкģֻһЦѣ

ʱˣ
ȫס֣һû
ӵһ䣬ȫ¶ֹͣ˹صߡ
ˣû𣿡
ղԼġôû£

˿̵µˣ
ΰû£ѪǴ飬һѡ
˿̵ѪǸΪƣŵһʮΰҲɱģҲоΰѾûϢôû
ѵ⣿
϶⣡
ӵΧɱѪ֮ʱַ߸ӷ˻굤֮ٹһƿȪˮʲôˣ
ʱߵѪߣóһƿȪˮѪǴˣãȻǴ˺ǴҲЩˣ˷˺ȡ
Ѫǿϵû˿Ļɣӹƿӡ
ƿǣһɴƮɢڿ֮УֻǺһڣ͸оһȫ
ǡѵǡ
Ȫˮ
΢Цͷǡ
ѪǼæ֣ΰֵܣôصĶҲգҵƻָʮȻȬȪˮҾգ
Ȫˮʲô˵еˮǰĲһΣһƿӣ
찡
ѪǸͲţΰô󷽣ôصĶó͸
ǰ֪Ȫˮǿ϶뾡ǧټƵȥõ
Ǵ˿̣ȴգ
һӵôصĶһƿ鴫ȥĶң˹صĶֻ͸ŵˣ
óҲ֤ˣӶΣ
˿̶ĵͷԴӽ岢ΪĴ֮һһֱѹ壡һֱ˼óȪˮô˼Ҫ
°ɣϣ֮ʥظҵĽҸλˣЩȪˮǲ͸λˣ͸壡ֵǶܷһЩôҵսԿѪ壡
ӵȻ˵Ȫˮַģ
ԣиˣж룬ԼȪˮô󷽵óôô
ã£ƿȪˮģϵģ
һСβѪѪǷ¡֮󣬿˵ֵܣÿһΣ
ùȪˮ֮ˣеԭҲõȫĸ죡
ദ΢Цŵ˵ͷҶȰɣﻹƿ
ƿ
˲ε
ȻַȪˮǣֻһĻַ϶Ҳóãǣַһӣȡ֮֮ߵһӡ


238 ǣ
еƶѾָ˿Ĵ֮ŵȫɢ˶оڵΪһ壡
⿪˼ĽعںãǳģģڵľȥѪ壬Իһʤ̣
ʱչѾõûȥ峤ᣡ
Ҷʾͬ⣬ûκ
Ǵӿռָ׼óչ֮ʱɫˢһ±ˡ
ܣôˣǿɫǳѿʵ
ǵЩ磬ܣչˣ
ˣ
һ
кܣֵܵĸոպͺãչˣԼôͣһΪԼչ
ѵôܼԼĿռָռָװĿԼδӴĻһЩĶֻܿӵķŭ
ȻǰˣԼòչЩıܵĶһ𡭡Ͷô룿ڳ˻ô룿롣
Ƿǳĵ磬ܣֵǣŴҶҽչյ˿ռָǣó֮ʱչĲˣҡ
ǺѪǵɫЩѿ˶ǽչװ˿ռָͻȻ˵ûˣⲻ˵Ϲô
ѵŵһжǼٵô
ѵǻչ
ѵֵܵĸ޷صǰô
ǿЩӵĿ⣬ί
´ãĸֻѣ
ʱǰϵĵǴˣ㣡ҶֵܣȻ㣡
лл㣬ˡǷǳмΰҲǵһγƺΰΪˣ
˶ǵʱ¶ʱӵһվѡǣ
˿̵Ӿǵľһĵĸмΰ
ȻַѾ͵͵ĸӣǲչչӰ
ǺһȻȻΰǣƾʲôǲţһ˶ţΪʲôԼֵܲţ
ֵ֮䣬ľǱ˴˵Σ
ǹǵļЦܣ㣡
ѪҲǵļ򣬡磬Ҳ㣡
磬磡ĸмܵίĺһµõ˽ѡ
Сһľ㵣ⲻ˵Ϲ֮һֻ˵ѼӣҲţ
ַ絭ĶԸС˰ɣ
СЩȻһˣȫɺϣ滹
ɺϣС㲻˵Ķ޷ıҿʲôûҿǺԤһ㶼һ
СĪĵûʲôͰʷĳɳԸǵ㶼ָƣЩҶ֪ĶԹôᱻô׵Ļ⣡Ϊʲô
ַ绺ĵһ֡顣սΪֵ֮ʱǻССˣΪǵֵ飬ηĸÿ˶Ϊֵܶÿ˶ΪԷԹ޻ڵĸָ㶮ô
ֵ˾˶սٶɱ˶ٵˣֵǸ˶̵ָģȻ⼸ĳ޷ǳǶһЩϵĶ˵˾ǵλϵϵĶΪЩֵܷĿɳ𣬵ĳԶ޷ֿ̹ĵֵȵģѪǺǻ޷˵ȥѪǣݸ޷ĥģ
СҲ˵Ľһ˵ˣ޷ıһ˵־˼룡Ǻܶ鶼˵־˼ȥһ澵ȥģ
СЦô滹սҵҪôֵȫˣ
ַ統ʲãߣҵСܰɣ

ʱӶλˣ֪ǵ꣬ȻѡõһôףչǴ˵еʮ֮һûô׵õ̵̫ĺ̼Ҵҵߣ˵ȡʲôʥҲµûĻǴ˷ŷŽָչͲչһӰѣչ϶̫̣
ռ䱾Ǵ˵еĴڣʮǴ˵еĴ˵
˶ӵĻһѴ˵еô׵õĻ̫ˣ
ں˵Ȩͷ֪֮Ѿתֻߣ
óȪˮǺɵΣ㣬ѾӮ˵Σ
ɽɽа֮ͷһ޴µĹ̨̨֮Ϸһɫı䡣
ַ̬ʶ
챦䣡
Сٻ˵ʮϲ̬Լᶪʧ
˵Ŀⶼ˾챦֮ϣҵʶﶼĪĳһϢǰⱦھչ
̵̫ȷһʽСɣôû˹עû뵽չĴڣ
չôԵİڷǼٵİɣܶ˶뷨
ַ֪챦޷ǿд򿪣Ҳԣ˭õ˾챦ô˭ȥҲֻһӣ
ǵȥԣ
Сˡ
ǵ˫ָսӴ챦䣬֮оͳһǲչˣ
ֱӱһƷڵأֻƷûκˡ
硣
û£չⱦ棬ȴңǲӵ
ǲаȥԣ
ǵָշھ챦֮ϣִһŭ˵˵Ѫ޷ӵң
ֱӱɣҲʲôˡ
ѪҲǱɡ
ʱ˵ĿⶢӣһѪŶ˺˹ͬѪȻӵһѪѪ
ӲûǰǶ˵ֵǣȣ
ûǰ˵룡
źĵʱӵȻҪֵԼ
ַ˵ѡ࣬ȥҲûõģ
ӽøֵǣ˶ۿӵָһ֣
óȪˮػ˽磻һݵȻͶǸо磡
Ŷȥһȥ򿪾챦䣬һıɣ
󣬾ʣַ硢ӡţˡ
ȥ֮ʶڳһˣʷǳһ㣬ȻͨȪˮ壬ǻǲҵҪ󡣡
ʲôҪ󣿡
첻֪ʶӦ˵ģԣҶˡ
̫ɫˣҲϲǳϲ߰ɡ
챩
콫ԼչĶԻַˡ
ַöţȥţҲȥǸʲô˲ģôѡҪҪǸҪ󣬺˲ôѡӣӻҪأȥ
ţԸˣʲô˵ʲôΪѹͲ֪ʲô֪Ļ϶ſˮĳȥġ
ţܴڳ˶ˣԶţͶأ
ַתͷ˸С
СðɣȥҲá
С˾챦ǰʶѣþòˡ
㣿ôıòװŪʲôչȻЩ¡
СЦչ㺦ʲôֲ˺㡣
ƾ㣿˺ΪôƾӣұݺΣ
ˣʱѵѡˡ
չЩֻţѡˣ
ǣ˵ĻǰʱѾˣѡǸΪˣӵѪʸˣ
Ѫȷҵˣҵȵˣ
ŮɷˣСЦΪܵȵħսһлΪ˯ǧ꣬ˣ˾ɣֻ˲ܽȣ
չ
Сħս֮ǰ˵Σ㲻ȥ㱻ѹ̫ɽ֮ǧ꣬ҽڿ»ɽŰɣ
չŭʮҵ֮ϣΪʲôҪĻΪʲôÿѶߣҾͲչı䲻ˣ
ô㣬ѡչض˼䣬õѡ񣡡
С˵꣬˫뿪˾챦䡣
Сǵһûб챦ɵˣھ챦ǰվ˺ܳʱ䣬˶ΪСշչû뵽ʧܸա
ţֿʼʲôʲôⰡߣ
һζţʱչסˣΣչ̲סˣ
ԶʮԴبûбô
챦ֱӷţͷȥ
˵òֲѡѡô˶ѡ¡
ţҷɣ
챦ѶţҷʮΣѪȻƤˣǳǱţֹͣԹԵĲˡ
չҲûж⣬ֻǺݺݵĽѵһ֪ߵغѡ
ַ硣
ַһְ˾챦䡣
þòˣСܡ
Сٻ㣬㡣
ţһ˭أ
Сٻ㣬Һ㡣
ţҲ㡭
ַˣʲôʱô飡
Ƭ̸֮¡
Сٻ㣬˼ˣ
ǰСܣʱǾԶһඡ
ѽѽ
ôˣСܣ
չС˵ĻСٻ
СٻҪߵĻȻʹҪȴ˵ĴߣͼȰɣǧҪΥԼʹߣͻ˵Ŀƣ
չǡСٻ㣬ҾΥߵİţ³ΥҺ¡
븶һĴۣǶʮĿѣСܣŽ㣬ǧҪߵĻҪѡҲҪѡǿħѪѪʱҲԺͽһ𣡡
úչ㣬֪ˣ˭ҲѡԤҽô˵Ĵ߱Ȼ
ţĺϢ

ַһ仰û˵
뿪챦ַ֮СٻСٻȻԸдԤ㣬ӵòγΪ峤
ַ˼ףһ˳ŸСûʲôϵҪıյĽ
Сٻ㲻߰һķǳҪôкܴѡıһУ˵ˣǶչʲôǴڣ˵ˣ˵Ĵ߽첻֣һչΪ
ַҲ׸СһķǳҪַøСõǬչĹϵôǰСչĻǲһȦأȻСٻȥ
ַ翴СЦݣоЩ顣
ֻʣӺͶţ
öţȥţܾȥңҲˣ
챦ַһ½ţҷɡ
ţӵĨһѣĨֵıѪҴô˧
ţȻŭǲǰ
Ѿţǿ۷ˡ
˾챦䣬˵Ŀⶼӡ
һҪɹᶨ
ӵ˫ְİ˾챦֮ϡ
һʶҺܿ㡭


239 Ķţ
Һܿ㣡仰ӵĴ
ѪճɳΪһҵҲûҡ
չԼôߣмѣչѾշһ㡣
ǡ㲻ҵĲˡչͻȻðôһ䡣
ֱˣЩ޷ܣΪĵˣȻ˵ңӵѪΪ˵ҲĲˣ
ԣҿ㣬Ϊǰ;ճɳһһλǿߣ㲻ҵĲˣΪɳ֮񣬶Ƕ˵һǶ鴫ȥô죿ʮ飿
ӼæͣˣȻˣѪǶѪүүˣҰְֺ趼ˣ࣬ҶǶ࡭
үүְ趼ҪҪˣ㲻˵ˣ㲻ҵĲˣ߰ɡ
ˡ
չ䣬ѵҰſô
ӴͷɥİĻ䡣
ߵַԱߣǿѹֵ飬ҡҡͷ
ַӵļ򣬡ģдڣֵڣʲô£
ţַĻʮ㣬صĵ˵ͷ
ڣֳʣһţûȥԣ˵Ŀⶼ˶ţ
ţ˵Ŀ⿴Щ飬ұңҴ˵ģǡǴˡ
һ˼ô
ž챦ѾѶţŰΣҵĶţ޵ģţչʹ޲ѡ
ţͬʱֹˣʱ˵ᷴΪ
˶ʧܣ˶ʧѵ̫ɽѰôʧ𣿣
˷ǳ⣬ΪǸСڸСԤ֮УѡչΪҲַΪΪʲôûϣ
ѡ˭ãֻҪչѡ˵ĴߣᷢչʱĴսض
ʵС㲻ǬչĹϵ벻ǬչĹϵʮ֮йϵõ
ʱҲ֪롣
ʱȻҶʧܣǽչȥ峤ᣬˣҾͲûһɹ
չȥô˭ߣ˭ܵסչڴ˾Ϊ˵ȴԵˣǸûг֣չȥ
չܣ
ǿ׳ȥ챦ߣǸΧȥͱɣ챦Ͳκܿģ
˻ģʱһϣʵ뽫챦סսռָ
ǿھ챦֮ϣţǵһԽ챦ߣ
챦һҵ𶯣ͻȻ򿪣һâУ񹭣
һɫɣȻء
չŭˣ˲ˡ
ַĿɨչӨǸǱ֮ɫ˿˸֮еչһģһ
ֻйûм
չҪֻҪңȥľ֮
չ쳣䣬սϣĻҳȫǣ
ͬʱ˼ǿϢ
˱ס
ż񰡣˵ţմĿչһã𾪣
Сӣ޵ľ㣡չԸŶԼţı⡣
չᶶһâ˶ţ
ַ缱æһâ뵲չĹ
ǣâȻַĹֱӺ赲ĴַĽĻ֮д˹ȥֱţ
ţ˫Ȼһɣڵһ˳ȥ㿪˽â˶Ϊâ붴ڣ벻ǣâȻת˸ţķ׷ȥ
㻹ת䣡
ζţûâֱӴؿڴţͨһ˵ϡ
սϣ
ָճչâʢǳ𾪡塢ŵĴ𣬡ǡܡô
ڼâӶţؿڴһ˲䣬չӶţѪ֮иܵһޱϤϢ
Ϣһ꣡ϲϢһУһֹУһϵҫռ䣬磬ֻһ˲ߵϢ
ǧչһֱڵȴϢٴγ֣ǵϢٴγֵʱչû뵽
Ϊʲô
ţᱻһʱ̣չͻȻˡ
ţһƿȪˮţһ
ţվ󣬲չֻ㣬Ҫɱӣ˲ôѡ㣬㿴ϣ˵Ҷɶģ˵𣿴Ϊɽˮôսһ˵𣿡
˵˭ϣ˿æһ˵㼸дôֻ˵˵㣬㶯ɱˣ˵սϣǽȥҲΪ㣬ȥѡһʺˣʺĵطûʲôʱܵȵˣһлΪôǹҧʶģ
˵Ĳôĺţô͵Ļ˶ɱѽɱѽ
ţһ⣬ַ˽ţһһ첻µز£˭ǻҲöԷ
˿̵Ķţŭˣ
չ֪ôˣ˵ʲôͻȻҭסˣּȵץ
ô㣡
Ϊʲô㣡
㣡
㣡
Ϊʲô㣡

˶Īչôˣ
ţŭɵôǲ˴ȱˣ
ŶԣֻһѣûдԣҲѹ̲ȫ
չŭ죬ҧгݣס죡˵ľɱ㣡
ţƲ죬˵ЩʲôģľǷǳߵģΪʲôֻǶ̶̵˵䣬ܲأ
˿񺹣˵Ļ˵ȥҿչİȫɱˣ
ַСٻʲô״
СٻʱЩ̲סЦַ磬չղһ֮󣬺ͻȻʧأҲµûĻţ˵Ĵߣ
ַͳϴ󣬶ţ˵Ĵߣ񰡣⡭Ҳ̫˰ɣַ綼ţ
ַͶţСһ𳤴˵Ĺϵֵܻף˶Ա˴˵½Ѿ˷ָĵزţϲʲôɫڿַ綼֪
ַ벻Լһ𳤴֪ȻǴ˵֮˵Ĵߣ
ֲһʮʱһȭܴһֻǣ
ַתһ룬Լ߶ţԼһħţ϶ҲԼ𾪰ɡ
ַͻȻЦֲչôץ񣬹ֲչ˵ô㣬֮Ļ
չ޵ɱľǶţͻȻ֮䣬ţȴǧǸˣͻȻ츲صת䣬⻻˭Ҳ޷ܣ
ţչôãοԣҴˣ
չղɱţ
ⲻչͻȻԼɱ˾ȻԼˣչһתȵᱼץ
չڼǿĴ䣬ӵʱ佫ɽѡ
ƻȥɽͻݣ˶𾪵Ըӣչ˸ɵ
ţչôĹҲԹԵıͣһҪţɲԼһʱ֮ôɥ
ãչˣǶɽ˵鶼ǽģչ˵Ļһ
չй֮ͻȻƮţǰڿ˷˼Ȧǳĵʲô֣
ţԾĺ˼֮˸ž֣ȫżƤ񣬡㡭
չ£Ҳ˺㣬Ҳ˺κˣңʲô֣
ҽжţ
ţչһͷײĳ嶯ΪʲôԼ˻ôһ֣
˵ȫ
ҽţ
չȫֱӿƲסӿеڵϣչױţˡ
չѹסԼҪߵУʵ󣿡
ţһ㡭㲻ҪҶɣҡҲʺ㣬һǴء
仰ܰ˶֣ڳûһ˸Ц˭Ҳսչϣ
ַĲУ
һԵĸСɫ쳣ѿչѡһѡַ磡ôѡɵˣ
ѵ˵תôܣΪʲôûԤΪʲô
Сɫףȭͷյ졣
չһŭֱ֮ӺͶţǩƽԼһâ˶ţüģһ̣ţȫԡڽɫĹâ֮Уϳһѽɫ񹭣
ʲô״
ţûзӦȻڳַ͸С⣬˶һĻˣ
˶룬չô룬չǲϲŰ֪ҲҲŰ
ţͻȻо̲ס쳤Х
жöţоЩʧ룬ţоչԼһ֣ԼѪһԼ
ɵӣѾΪˣţԺһ
ţ˭ˣ˵˵ģв㣬̬㣬ôϲ㣬㲻ҪӲϲ㣬Ͳӣ
亹񺹱ٲɼ˼
㾹ȻˣҪ
ţľٶԵڵء
ţŭĴ𣬡뿪ҵ壡ҽɵӣȻɵҲ뿪ҵӣƹ뿪ҵ壡
ţϵĹ͵ڵϣϿңչԼ壬۶ţôȥŬչᱻ𻵣Լ֮һò
ţһᣬһᣬչûޣȻɥַǰǳίĵӣİ취ˣ취ɣֵˣǿƶõɣҿᡭ
ٴԵ
ѡˣȻҪϵôڱȻƣһ˼ίһ㡣
ʼչûʱ򣬶ţ˵ҲչˣҶΪţǳԲѻ˵飬˭Ҳû뵽չ϶ţΪʱһĲҪչ
ţνǧŵһ⣡
ַҲЩЦãĳĵţ֪չ
ţУҹʲôٴǰѽô
ַȻչǿôܺ;ħȣ
ţûаɣ⹭ûĽءϲṭҲҪֶ֣ŮģҲҪ
ţһǳίһίĺӡ
ǲͣĳ鶯չѡˣôѡôһأ
ţÿ仰Ĵ̼ڳÿһ˵񾭡
ַɫţ˵չԶʮ֮һഫʮ̫չֱӽ̫ȥ˾Ÿʣһ̫˸񣬿磡
ţһ㶣ճյĿַ磬ӣ˵ѹ̫
ַͷڳ˶ͷ
ţһסˣַһɫͲǸԼ£ǿЦҲһׯأ
չ˶ţˣչϵ˥ͳȥⲻ֪ߵغĶݺݵĿһ٣
ţӵչչˣݴвͬ˶ţû˸ǰ


240 ֮
ţһЦˣɵɵЦţǶƭңһѹ̫Ż˭أ
չڶţԺ̫ƨӷ˰
ţ𣬡Ҫϲ˵бҿ
ߣΪ̫ôʹڽ񹭵ķ֮󣬳һԼ
ţŰɣôչŷŭɽѣȷеҴ˿˵ı鶼ڸ߶ţһϢȷʵô
ţһԣðɣ˵ôôҾǿˡ
ǿ
ٶ
չ˼ţѧķ֮󣬶ţѾԷڻͨ

ŷţϵϢıǣԪΪһֱǵʴԲȵͣ
ޱǿϢţ쳤Хü֮һӲӵĽɫӡǣ˿̵Ķţо¾ҽµĸо
ĿɨţָоЩ˶ҵĶ֣Ҫɱ˾һȺô򵥣
ⲻǴǶţʵĸо
һ޵еĸо
ӣҸоҸоֻҪҳ֣׾ٽȫɱ
ûЦţΪţ˵ⷬʱϵϢһλĻߣվߵĻߣһĤݵĸо
ţţһ֣ɱˣ
ַСٻСٻô£ԶţĹչΪʲôһ»ΪʴԲϿֲϢټϢҸоұ֮Ҳס
չǲһֻҪҵ֮ͿԷӳǱչˣչʮ֮һӲҲСľħһûڱ￹ĿǰչǶţΪܵޣţڵΪĻһܻռ䣡Ȼĳ̶Ⱥû˵ǰ֮¡
ַĿڴһռ䣿
ַ粻ȥǶַСٻĻ
ַ˳ʵСٻҾħǿһжǿ
ħ֪ˣħս֮ʱ鶼סħһˡ
ַ糹ǱĺãЩ鲻ڵΪ֪ġ
ţֳֹ߾ǰңŹҵһѽâڶţ֮С
˸оţеļɢûܹ濹ģ
˿̵Ķţսһ㣬ΡΡ֮䣡
ŽȻţһХ͵һ·ſ˹ҡ

ס˺֮һӶţֶɫɽ֮˹ȥ
ûɽ壡
ֳһƬžš
ݵļžͻȻһϢϢ
ܣͬʱһŭ𣬶ַ֮ǰˡ
䣡
ûɽ֮ڵĽâɽֱ֮ӱըѨʼűը
Һⶴֻаң㹻ʱ䡣
˳֮ȫݷգ
䣡
һӰһʯ֮˳ַԱߡ
ǳǱֱַԶԶġ
ӣĺ̫ˣţϲǳ˷ܣֱӸַ˸ܱ
ֱַӱǺסˣǿɻҳţţ磬Ұɡ
ɶ˼̫ˣǹΡ
ã
˿оһϤϢɽ޵Ʈɢ
Ϣǵ˵ϢҲеϢԶƾĵжԸӦܸܵ˵Ĵڣ
ŭѪô֪εж
ѪһΪѰγоӢѪһбȴǵľһս
뵽жΪܣ֮⣬û֪ǵĶһмϸ
ϸһ룬˴жΪ߻жѪô֪й֮⣬벻˵κԭ
ҳϸ
ʱ˵Ŀ⿴˶ţ
˿̶ţαװϢѾչȫɢ˶оţˣ
ŭŶţţ࣡
ţڱô϶κˣǵĵôˣôˣǷ𣿡
ַ籩
ˣûһ˽ţˣһһչһʼʱ򣬲ҪǲҪҲ㣡֪չ󣬰֣
ţͻȺţһţ
ţĻһ°ҭסˡ
ŭ࣬ΪҪ壡ΪѪ˻֪һйϵ
ţҲŭѪʲô⣿ӼûаëǮĹϵ
Ͷţۿ϶Ȼ񹦣˭ǣ
ˣţ£һֻܴͣ֡
ΰĵţֵܣǲˣҵֵܡ
ţ⻰ҰǷӵֵܣҲǷӵֵܣҲֵܣҶǺֵܣ
ΰͷ֤ߵ˶ѪûκιϵҪȫ֮ȥԸѪ壬ڶ
ΰĻһķټ϶ţӵߣҪͷ϶ҪͶţͬжԸѪ壡
ֻǵĶţǼϸţѪǱߵˣͻȻˮչ
õӵı֤İ
Сٻʶܲ̽⵽Ѫڵ
ҵʶǬĿǿģǬͳˡһ̶ˮͼѡͭ⣬ʲô˵̽ĵô
ַСٻȪˮ˵һ̶ˮڹŰսռ˵ͭ
ʶţչʶǲġ
ͽΰ鲿һѪ彻ֶս״ַͶţһᣬȻַͶţĻ˭Ҳû
ţͻȻһҺҵֵܷȥͷ׼̽̽˵ʵǵĺϢɣ
ţ˵꣬ͽΰ𻰣ΰͺַɽȥСһ
ɽ֡
ַ翴ŸĸСʲô
СЦҪ⿪֣֮
ĿԴɡ
ţַ磬ֿС˵ʲô
и㡣СΪʲôڲţͽΰ콫Ѫ塢ħںϢȫ壬Ļǿʡȥܶ鷳ô
ţԴ󾪣˵ʲôӣ˵ǲģ
ַͷ˵ģǵĺѪ壬Ѫĺħ͹ħ뽫Ѫ嶼ڴˣһ򾡣һսǱ֣֮
ţӣΪʲô˵˵ǴҶӦ֮ߣ
ַ˵ôǳʱ˵˻ֻһСӣʱҲû˵Ȩӻң˵ôǻΪļϸӺ棬ڶȡһȨǸʱҸ˵˵ˣᷴʣȻ֪Ϊβ˵ҽţ죿ţѾˣһҽ裿
СɵЦַģ˼ܣҾڽǻһ˿㲻˵Ǳ֣֮ѪĴսһ˭޷ֹ̺ħ󷨻ȫʱѪԶʧֵܻһǰ
ţоЩĪԸСŭ˵˵ٺ˵Ųھɱ㣡
ţʹַСʲôˣַ߶ţ˵һƼˮѡڸС˵ĻţȻǳŭ
СŶţһЦɱңռɱҵ˻ûгء
Բѣţ˵ţҪ֡
ַһס˶ţȣţҪ嶯
ôˣӣǶѵܴҲɣ
ţڻ첻µز£֪ĸСߣ
ߴľˣߵ֮ж㣡ߵΪжǿַ翴СٻҲ͸ܿ͸ǽڳ˯
ַֻоСܿ£ǳ£
ַЩΣţȻʣ綥ĴڣڶĶ֣ǣǰˣɱ˵ġǵĵˡ
ַû˵ѣֻ˵ǵˡ
ַ͸СĶԼûиκˣַ͸С֮Լ
ַĿĶŸССҵĽûӮɱڵľعںãӻõչչĵȴǶţԣС˵鲢֣ҵֵܲԶᣡ
С˵ƮԶȥй۲ַ硣
ַԶţչʶɨ裬Ѫڵйħڵ
ѪĴѾɽħѾɽ²
ţ·㴩ϡ
ַóһ̵Ľۡ
ţɴ˫ۣɶ·ô󣬻ǴɫģƵģҴ
ַ˶ţĻţСĻҲˣĿǰǺ嶼ֻҺŤתƣ壡
ַǳ棬ţҲ֪ԣʹǰĺйϵô
ַŵţǹ´̵ĽۣҪαװĺ´̣Ҽٰ̻ʣ
ַóһŵҩ⻯εˣαװһвĺ´̣ԸĬϲ˵ĺʱֻҪҵ־ͺã˵һ仰
ȵȣӣ֮ǲǶ˵Ӣģ
ַͷ
ҿ϶˵ˣ˵
ַţԴﶼʲô
ţȻһ״˴ҪԣС󣬶ţҲûзַĽ

Ѫ壬ѪʴǧѪɽ۶ȥ˵ѪϲȻɱĳ⡣ǧˣٷ֮ʮϵ˶ס
ѪΪѪѪѪΪѪϣѪĺѪ޳ÿÿ춼ԻѪΪʳѪ̵СֻҪѪʳŷɥĶӡ
Ѫʿֻʮ߰˵ģΪӢǵʵѾ߰˰ꡣ
Ѫʵм䣬һȫ۵ˣĺһǳñӽ沿ڵʵʵǽߣҲĿ
˵ϸоκεϢһͨһ㣬һܸѪʵĽŲ
ͻȻתͷĳɫͱ䣬ǻʵöͣ
ͣ
Ѫǰͣ½Ų
峤׷ʲô£Ѫʵ
Ѫ峤˴ǰУѪ徫ӢȫԴѪ壡
Ҹо˿̻ʵϢ
Ѫʴ󾪣峤ⲻܣ˴жܣ֪֪̻Ҳǰ
Ϣû̻ʵϢԶоһ壡


241 ˷
ѪЩ⣬峤ĵõϢˣǶǺһս֮֮ͲӦʱͷųԼϢ֪һ⣡
˵ͷ˼ҪɽۻѵȥǣҾǿǴ򣬴ٰˣ
峤ĸӦѪ˵Ҳǳγһìܵ㣬˲⡣
Ѫ⼸ħһֱѪ壬̻϶ҪѪǺֻùħ̵
ѪͬΪڰħΪͺڰԶѪ֮Уħ͹֮ǾˮˮĹϵȻìܺͳͻҲǰнѪһһ
Ѫսһֱǧ꣬ǻҪԿħᣬѪÿεսҲһķΧڣ˫Ҫħᡣ
ħȻһֱѪ壬ҲҴٽԷĵ̣ĻĶңҵĻͻлɳˣ
С֮䶼һ΢ǣƣƽ⣡˴ѰѪ尵и٣Ѫһ̲壻ѪĹħõѪ嶼̫ɽϢ㳲ǧѷĺûһѪ塣
ֻҪѪ壬ħ͹ͻƽ£
Ѫ˵ͷ峤ɽԻΪڲҪɳ̽̽ӿ֮
峤ʱ䲻˿϶Ѿǣǲȥǿ϶ʱһһĿǰҪľǲܺͻ
峤ˣǺΪУ岻ͻܣǽʦǰΪ˸壡ǺԺͣһ
ѪķҲǳѪǧĶԹͲݣʱԺͣܣѪ嶼ҪŹħᣬѪʹ֣ƴһ
˵ۺܿ뽩֡
ʱ峤о̻ʵϢԽԽأߵѪҲһֹԶĴ˹
̻ʣ
Ѫ˴󾪣
һ룬̻ʿͺͺ´̲Ѫİ׿⴦
Ѫۣû뵽㾹Ȼǰʡȥ˱ʲ鷳ЦţеĹɢǿϢ
̻Ȼַǧãַġ񽣡û˻ַǼٵģ
Ĵʥַɣڹ񽣵ûĹ񽣸һģһǹҲ޷
Ѫ峤Ѫ۾û뵽㣡
ЦϻʽҪѪ壬壡ǹħѾӽ쿪ʼ½ûкڰħƽ£
̻һʥ֪ʵȻռ䲻ʹϵѪۿֻпͲˣ
ѪŭȻҹһǰɣ
ѪǰͿ֣ˣ뱨ˣ
ЦѪۣΪһʥĶôҪɱˣһ֮ȫҷ𣡡
Ѫ۴Цʵ㲻Ҫǵ򣡲ռ䣡ҵΪȻֻھ磬ʵսɱңĴʽҪҾͲҶóԽʵ
֣
ѪۡѪѪѪĴͬʱ֣˹ȥ
ַţʹ˸ɫ
ţȫ䣬񹭺ǰȫһĴ˹ȥ
âգ޵ĴѪ̲ס
ʲô
ǺڰĿǣѪ嶼ϹǵһĿƺ͵ƣǲȫѹƣǴ˿ǰһȫǶѪƺѹƣ
ĸѪֻӲǷֻͶ㲻
䣡
ĺ֮£Ѫ۵Ѫʵʮͣס˽Ųһٶ˱巭ڵء
һ̣Ѫ֣ǰĿͱѾ֪٣ϢҲо
峤ˣǳĳͻȻһܵӰ٣ʲôʾҪô
峤ˣǸһӼ겻Ĺôչô죬ǰǳ£ǵĹƣǵѪҲƣ
峤ˣѵǰѹǴ˵еչѵѪѾô
չҲֻչһĸʣ
֪̫ɽΪչչôڲ
Ѫ뵽ԿԸҪǣԲܹʾǵǰ棬·̫ɽΨһһ·ôܸ𣿺οղ˵Ѫȥ壬֤û£еչҲֻչܶѪѪǿҵѹƣ
ҲµûĻѪۼſͲûе⣡
ûе⣿˲⡣
룬ſͲڣǿǵȴûаɱһ֮ԶݣڸչֻЩѣ
˻Ի󲻽⣬о¼˷롣
ѪԿԸֶΣôһ˷ѽ⣬ѵ⿭ͲǼٵĲɣ
仰Ѫպ֮˵ģѪ۶Ѫǰʱһ
ٵģûܣѪ۵Ϊһ̻ʣԲôĵ£
Ѫǡ峤̻ϵϢǿ̻ʵģִĹҲֻп̻ʲãеĹ񽣾ģͲôǼٵأ
ʵΪ̫ˣԲǼٵģ
ٶԻ󲻽⡣
ѪۼᡢħʥﶼһַͨݻˣֻһԣǺȴ֤ʵˣĻ᳤Ѿռ䣬֪ʥҲΪǰЩֵǷ꣡ȻѾʧȥĹ񽣣ôǿλõȴĹ񽣣ôֻ˵ǿǸַ磡
£˲ŻȻ򣬲Ѫô˵ַǵģǰǴϢ
Ѫ۵ûַһϣ֮Ĺھ彯һĹϵǳһ㣬ҲµûĻַǱ彯һȻַҲұ¶Լݣ¶ˣħͻȥҪˣַ֪˹ûа취֪ͨȥţ˵ˣҲţԾͲַʽ֪ͨǣˣͬʱҲڸǣܸ㶨岻ǿս
ѪһĻѪ۾ƶô࣬ѪʶѪͶأж룬ֲôԼ峤֮λ
Ѫʵ峤ˣַ᲻ʲôı
ѪҡͷᡣַսܻĴʥҪʲôıֻϣס壡ֲܹ¶棡˵ˣַ͹ħƺξվѪߵġ
峤ˡѪʵѵҪô
šѪεĵǲֵĻÿ˶߲̫ɽ
ֵַķǳʱѪ˳ȥ˴ѪԻḲ̫ɽ
˿̣Ѫ˶ǳξжģڵãҪҪˣ
峤ˣǽô
ȡѪ۵̫ͨɽֻôһ·ڽӽɽĵضΣм䣻ɽ£ֻҪȴϢͺáʱǲɽģҲڵȣŸʬǵļƻעҪˡ

Ӻַڰ
ţЩַ磬Ӱйôȥ˵仰һ͸㶨ˡ
ַЦѪ峤ǸĻ϶Ѿ֪˭Ҳ֪ҵ⣡ǱĻҲ֪ˣҲ˴ˣǵĿѾﵽ
Сǧ㣬Ҳû뵽ַַʽȥ֪ͨѪ壡㲻ַǧ񹦣Իûκ˵òԼϢ
ߡ
ַͶţû̽Ϣ֮ǰҲһֱûжʱͻȻԶǿڽսţǰܣһͷʹڵ߽ᣡ
̻ʣ
󾪣Ҫ֣ţ𣬡Ķ֣Ҫ
䣬ţͻȻǰδеսȫһ˹̻ʡ
һƬâִأڴ۵Ľâ󣬹̻ʧȥӰ
ţʹ̵ģˣ
ǰӼæʵţô£أ
Ҳ֪ôȥƺַˣҲѧŶţзӡ
ţӵЦЦӵףַû¡
ţһǳ飬ҸߴһϢħѾɽ£׼Ѫһ򾡣Һ͹̻ʴսٻغϣҰʶʶۿҸɵû뵽̵ܵġ
û˻ɶţĻҶöţһ˵ֱֱȥ˵ô
Ǹ˾ǿ̻ʣϤϢҲǣ
ȻһжַͶţϷˣֱַǬ
ڿ̻ʵʧҲ֣ΪʥЩ޷Ħġ
ǰ̾ĿǰʮϾǰǺǻѪ忪սֻ˹ħᣡû뵽ǣȻ󣡡
е˶ԣ˭Ҳû뵽ѰѪ壬˹ħᣡ
üͷ磬ǺѪ忪սڼǺѪǧݣľκ˶޷ֹģ
ѵѾô
ѪŭһȦף屻ƣѪҲƣ
ȦףܣѰ峤ǵľжǶϢȫ˳ǣܣǷǳߺͲʡ
ǲܣѵ峤ܣΪʲôһжôɺϣ
峤Ǵõʧ̫ɽбأ֪̫ɽбأˣΪʲôҪȼأΪʲôҪ峤޽Ѫ弴սʱأֻ˵峤ǸոյõϢҲµûĻѪҲǸյõϢ֪ҪѰｫأħͬʱõϢ֪Ѫսǰ֮
һµһС
ǻȻ򣬡ô˵鱳һıߣ˲ˣѪˣǹҲħˣһѪΪأ
ѪЩ⣬磬磬ںһУ˭ôı£ĴԶŲɣϸûˣ
Щ£ôһˣôǿʲô̶ȣ
еֻƶϳ˱ݣҪȻôɺϵ£


242 Ѫ
ţʱƶϣֵĵҪˣȥʲôãҪľǺѪǱԿħᣬŶѪǱѾһ㶨ˣֻҪȥѪ棬ҺͺһȺȲ衭Ȼһɽħһս
㶨ˣһ㶨죿ȺȲ裿ô
æʵţô£ϸϸ˵ɹغ
ٺ١ţЦţûʱ򣬡ѪѾ֪˹ɽ£Ѿˣλ˵ĻھͿɽѪ֮£Ļɽȥ򣬾
һȻȻǿϲ
𣿡
Ѫ屻㶨ˣ
̫ˣ
ͬʱʧ̬
ûȥɶţĻ
岻ѪˣǱ֣֮Ϊ¶ͷ֮ʱţνѩ̿һӽ⣡
ţѪĸſ˵һ£Ҷû뵽Ѫ峤Ѫ۶ˡ
ֿʼⶨ̸мƻΪѪǧУν˼ۺ죬Ūû˵ʹ絼ȼһһʰԣ֣ƶȫ֮ߡ
ţʱеǲˣҪ˷ʱˣƨˣ嶼˶Ͷ̥ʮˡȥ̸УȨȫȨң
ţĻ˵һ鴤
û˻ɶţսţһһȥ̸Уô
ͬʱ޺𣬡С
࣬ôܴȥ̸У
ѪͲ˽⣬˴̸йغ̸ҪǳСĽţǽɡ

ţˬˣԼæôãôȻԼˣ
ţչһ٣ȫâʢŭһ֪ʲôǸ࣬ǾųңҸǣΪ࣬һˣİﵽǣ
˱ţƺ;޴סˣۣŶţĻ
ţԼǳ⣬ָ˵ɱ˶ѪˣǧǼѪ˶Ǻ֮ǣ޲ðǵƤǵĽǵ⣬ǵѪ
̲ס鴤ţ˵ʵɱѪ֮˳ǧȥѪ̸Уû׼ĳʲô¡
ţٺһЦΪ࣬һˣҺѪ֮ûʲôͻɽʱһѪۺѪʣҾʸ̸У
ţôһ˵Ҳ÷ǳţѪûгޣѪţһˣһ˵˫֮ìΪʲ˿ţɵǺǵӣжЩë
ʲô˵ʲôһ˵ʲô˵ġ
ĿǰԶţսʺ̸У
޿κ֮ͬ˶ţͬĻ϶쭣
󣬶ţŵĶ˸ڿʼҾϴǾҵ£ʲôҵģô
Եڵأסȥһٶţĳ嶯
ڶţĴ֮ɽѪ档
ˣ
ѪѪʺ˰ֻǰ̸УѪ̸˵ĳ⡣
Ѫ۷һ֮д⣬еչ֮ʱʱ˭ˣ˾ǷŵĲԼƶȫȷ
ѵ峤
˫֮󣬿֮ɱȻ˫κѹڵɱֶԶԷɱһ㣬̲ס
Ѫ۸Ѫ屻ƣѪΨ˲ܶȹ˴ѹأѪ峤Ѫڹˣ
Ѫ۵ĻѾԽݣ֣˵Ȼǳг⡣
ţ˵ͷֵĵû⣬ô
ţĻ̼ÿ˵񾭣ֱ̫ˡ
Ѫ۶Զţ峤
ǣҲĳһ࣬ˣ
áѪ۷ǳˬĵҴӦ㡣
Ѫʼˣ峤
Ѫһ֣ǲض˵Ѿ
Ѫţ֮󣬶Ǳߵ쵼ϣѪ峤ҪһȣҪˣ쵼߿϶Ѫۣ
Ϊʲôһ쵼ߣѪ֮˷ǳˬ
ʵһˣѪ˿϶ղ˵ˣôһȨ֣ѹסԷһһһ
룬Ѫ쵼ߣ˳棬˻ˬ˵ĸ˵˼˾ǱѪɱģôô
ԣһ쵼ߣһ쵼ߣʹﵽһƽ⣡
ѪǺεȴ϶ԥӦ
˿зǳˣţ࣬ʼԼߵˣҲû뵽ţôͣһ仰Ѫϼһ۷
ţҲƣ˵ͳѪ壬ǵϴһţ汻˵ˡ
һжַţĽȻжţ֮еչæǶţֱӺͲתԴ϶
ţôûôͳĴ󶥼֮е찡
ţе˷ܾԱȵõģ
ãţȻ˫ûôڿʼҾǵϴ󣡶ҵǱӣһ̿ʼǵĶûѪ֣֮սѣֵܣ˭ҶսѺֵ֣ܶ飡
ţ˵ţһâһԶ֣ƬһƬâ֮»Ϊҽ
˶ޱȣһҲֻʲܵ
ţһɱħЩ˵ƨ趼ʶ

ţѪĶɽȥ
ʼʱѪĶ֮շǳţÿжѪ֮սڱ˴֮䶼սѣ뷨ټ϶ţŵ壬˫֮Ļ
Ժô˿̣˶սѣ

ɽ£̺ħ󷨻ʸǧ¶סɽΨһڣ
ǲҲûбҪżȵѪɱһȻ֮ɡ
һ̺󷨻ʺһѪ峹׵Ĵ½Ĩȥ
Ȼ˫ˣǶǸΪӪ
ͻȻһϤϢԶ֮ɢħ˸оϢ֪˭ˡ
һӰһһ׷룬ͷɫʹڣȫϵ߳˫Ӫм䡣
˫ӪһЩССɧң˷׷ΰݡ
μ̻ʣ
⿭̻ʿ϶ַٰ磬ַΪѪͷ󣬵ȻҪù˺ħ˴
ַһŭߣһ´ŭأʲô˼ô¾Ȼ˽жǲ췴
Ǻ´̵ϴһ֮£֮ϣԴϴν̻ʻȥ֮󣬽̻ʶʧ񽣵ֵķзʱҲҽ£ķѾռ䣬ɲ벽󳾡
ԣһϢͱչأ˭ҲȻЩϢַȻһԣŸôŵð俭ʷء
طǳ侲ĵ̻ʱ£ʱ̻ʴ˴ǰͱչأκ˶ܴжǽѪ峹ûᣡԣһͬж
ߣأҪΪҲ֪ʲôҸճؾԣ˵ҽʥﶪˣû£
Ȼ̻ʲ֪ôܣַŹ񽣵ģ
ûַ統ƺͷߵһ
ص̻ʱ£ģǰ᳤Ǳռ䣬ΪʧʥħĻ᳤Ҳʵ԰ݼħ᳤׿ڸң˵ʥǹʥʥﶼͷͨˣҵʱҲ׿ַǵĻʥ񽣡
ô˵˵ǿʲô
ַһ֮£֮гһľ޽
񽣣
ͬʱ
񽣵ϢȻϴĹ񽣣
ãˣ⵽ô£
ַǸıħַıħѾѪһԸǹɱ֮ħȫǹ
仰һصÿ˵ĵס
ħķ⻰ŭ죬Ǳ˵⻰ҶΪǿЦ˵Ϲ⻰Ǵӹ̻ʿ˵ģ
̻ʱ£ħ͹һǾˮˮǺǹһѪ塢ģΣͬʱõ˵ָͰõǧѷĺûᣬһһѪ壬ô˵ǺѪһԸǹ
ַЦǾôɺϵôħͬʱõ˵ָͰҿħⰲŵİɣΪʲôĴ󶥼ͬʱ̫ɽѵѪ嶼ɵôܵôԶĵطսɱȻ̵ѪѾռ꣬һֱǹս꣬һܽȫ𣿡
ؼæͣ£ﲻһˣǴ˵֮еߣǿ㣬ѪѾǹħ𣬴Ӵǹħƽ¡
ַһ㶣ߣһеô£
ţؽ֮Ĺϸĸˡַ統Ȼʲô֪ұ֪ĸϸ
ַͻȻЦЦǿЦ֮һ澵ӶѣһôǿĶǼֻһֻѣ
£Ϊɲ⣬ȷߣǶϹʮ֮һֻأ£Ӧ֪ġ
ֻԤһֻǿԤѣ͸ԤһֻԤ⣡ôǣ߶ûȥǣ᲻ᷢǴ˿̾ڸæԼ£ԣһıǸߣҲߵı
ַ˿ףһжǸСȦ׶ѣ
˼ûǣǻô϶ᣡ˽ЩŽ̻ʱµĻˡ
ַǣ֮Уûг
̶˵ûУħ󷨻Ҳ˵ûС
ַת󷨻ʣЦһжħѪ塢崮ͨһı
£ڿ˵ǵıк֤ݣħôѪˣ𣿡
ַһ֤ݾеĹ񽣣ҸǣǹʥڣǵĻ᳤Ȼ˵ҶʧʥΪ仰ǹ˷Ѻڶ֪ΪʲôǵĻ᳤ô˵Ϊħʥһٵģ
𾪣ħշǿ»ٵģ
֪ΪʲôǰһصҪչ𣿵һˣڶ޸񽣣
ˣ磬˭ܰѽ̻ʴˣ
޸񽣣˭𻵹񽣣
ַһѣħĳͻ


243 ȫʤ
ַͻȻ󷨻ʼŭŭ𣬡ħַ紮ͨкͶڰȫͳ磡ңɻɱʥطӡıħᣡ
£ʲô˼һжͷַͨΪⶼǶ飬ħʲôϵ
ûϵ𣿡ַĿݺݵĶλʣΪַħˣ
ַħˣϢͻȻըĶʱըһĵը
ǰΧһıʱּ⣬Ҹȥ֮ħ᳤˹ַĶԻַߺʶ˹һڷ񶨣ҾͺͶ˹սһʥսǵʥǱ٣ҵĹҲ𻵣᳤Ǻ᳤ϵ֮ҺͶ˹ֹͣսʱҺͶ˹ִһʣ¾Ͳ֮Ĵʥսַ磬ַʲôΪֻһΪôĴʥƤߣǶ˹ЭߣзΪʲô𵽱Ŀռ䣿ȫħַȦף
һεļƻħѪ塢Ըǹνߣַ磡Ѫ嶼նǽǹȻǰлǹ𣡡
е鶼϶ַȵǽļȫ֮ħȻǾͻħɱַ磬ַǵˣֻҪݾͺãʱ̫ƽħİ
̻ʵĻ˶ȫţľӢǶǿͽ̻ʵĻ˵ּ⣡ֻҪ̻һ£ҲԸ⣡
ħ󷨻ԽԽͿǶĴʥ֮ºΧȫ֪ھսַҲǺ֪飬ʲôҲڹħ˶֪ħʥﱻˣ
᳤˹˵ַٵģǰĽ̻˵ٵģ
ħҲԽ̻ʵĻŰɡ
̻ǲȥѵģΪݺΪǲԼ֮ǰ˵ѣ
˹ʥѾ٣ǰĽ̻õȷǹ񽣣ôѵһǶ˹
ʣ̻ʵĻѾʵ
˫Ӫ֮˾룬νŭţ
ҵǣΪ˹Ϊ壬Ϊϴˢǵĳ裡ɱ
̻
̲ûж֣ǧͽѾħħʦսһ
һʱ䣬һɹɵ˫Ӫӿȥת֮䣬˫ʮ˵¡
ħᷨʱʸַͲħ󷨻ʽ͵Ļᣬص̽
ĽޱȣЩ;Ĵڣ඼磡ȻħǱΪҲǴħʦ˶Ƿ磡
һսŹħˣ
˫ÿһιʮ˵£Щÿһ̺󷨻ʶһʹЩ˶ЩľӢЩ˶ħûˣʱ롣
ַ粢ûж֣Ȼ֣ܶһ־¶ˣַɲĹ
̻ʱ£ô£ѵħ͹Ҫʽս𣿡
Ȼ˵󷨻ʺѾսһ𣬵սս
ʮжЩԻܾЩûȫŪһеһ̫ͻȻˣ˸޷ܣһжǹ̻ʵһ֮ʣħߵʲô֪ޱȵı
ȻַùЩͽǲ˳˫֮սŵĻϸ룬©ٳַ粻ʱ䣡ЩͽǣֻҪ̻һ͸ʥּһԷɱһ
ַЦô£˵Ļ𣡽ձʻȥ֮һ£ҿħľı

ţߵѾԼԼɽ½սֳ
ѪЩŵĵô£ħˣ
峤ôﶷ̫˼ˡ
˶ǳ𾪣ħʵͱѪǿһΣҶһս׼ȴħˣ
ǴЦֻҪɽۻȥʰо֣
˿̣˶ţ֮⣬˶뷨ֻҪħ͹ܾ֮ʱѪͿ֮
ţַ֪ļƻַֻʱħ˫ìܣҪ˫սҪѪļ룡
ţҼסҪħ˽֣רŶԸˣ
Ѫתͷ˼ӦãȫѪһ¶Ը
ѪǺεȴ֪ǶţļƻħҲǼƻ֮еһ
ѪУµ쵼ıӵǳĳһ̶ϣѪѾţԼͬһλá
峤òõİ취ôǴʰоֲǸôΪʲôҪڽ
Ѫ仰˵ܶ˵
Ѫ΢ŭұ죡ţǵֻӣ
Ѫ峤ŭ˵ʲô˿̶ԹԵı͡
ȻѪôΪûпţǳһ棬Ļ϶ỳɣ϶ҲŶţ
ѾĿ췭ˡ
ţʲô
ţȥǵֵܰװô
ţʱǰ䣡

Ѫ۷ǳ֣ΪʲôķӦôǿңЩ⡣
ţ˵ĽͷöЩţȷӦǶţﻹһչ
ֻţһ޺𣬡ȫӱ죡ϴ󣬻ϴҵľʲô⣿ǲ룬ΪʲôѪô˳ˣΪʲôħ͹ûУȫӺֵܵĹͣʲôûڻңҵ
ʱһ򣬶ţ˵ȷûѪ˳ˣţȷûѪ۶ڶţĻûɹ
жʱ뷨ԭţһֱװɵǰϻһǳݵĽɫ
ţĿǰһжѾҵƿ֮У˵ʲôͺãұ֤Ѫ岻£ħˣһȫ
ߵ˶һ㵣ͻȻöţһӸߴ˶ӵġ
Ȼڰϻ
ס˵Ļÿ˶ҪװźħһˣҪ֧Ԯ;ԮħˣʲôǾͻȫûô
û˽ӻ
ţŭˣǵĻ𣿣
ף
ãһȥɱ̻ʣȫԸ֧ԮħᣡȰѹȫɱ֮ٶԸħᣡҪʲôûʱͣ
ȥɱ̻ʣûŶţɱ˹̻ʡ

ţЩʵĻᣬţڵַ磬ַǱ¶ˣɲַʲô¡
ħ˿ѪƳĳɽ
£ȫ˽̻ʵĻ
شŭѪ岢ûɱħᣡȻǸĹһС
ʱҲûκ֣ȫħɱȥ
ħߵޱȱǸͲ֪ô£ǹ̴˿Ķ
̶ʴԲ֮һƬѪȷ磬ħħʦзһ㱻˳ȥ
أ黹ûŪ㲻Ҫ̫֣
شŭҪ

ħֵǣˣţһַķȥ
ţôһ˵Ѿȫ֤ħѪһģЩЩɽ̻ʵˣеһ㻳Ѿɢ
ȻǶţģ
Ѫһɱ˹Ӫħ˱ɱĽڽڰˣڿѪİǣνѩ̿ȻԸѪ壡
ڵľħѪһԸ
̻ʵĻȫõ֤ʵ
Ǻħϣǹӹοܣţָ
Ϊչʾ㲻ɣǺħıѾҽҴֻҪбڣ˭Ҳ޷ǹͬڣ
ַҲǿһţ˹ȥ
Ѫħˣǹӣţһ
ʱ򣬡ڶֺͶţ
ѪۺѪʣħ󷨻Χ˹̣
ʮ壬ټѪھǿߣܿͽһ´ɱ
ѪΪǰ˹Ķ飬ħķŴһħʦԶ̹Թ˿νǽڽڰˣЩѪ˼ʱԮħߵħʦˣ߾ٷȣħ
ϻǳ£
ʱţͻȻһһ̻ʵĵطȥ
̻һƬâ֮зǳĲҽһʧ
ţʱЦˣչ֮£Ҳûһ̻ʣ
ţĻ𾪺ʹ̼ˣĽ̻ˣһʥôɱˣ
ߵ˿ԼĽ̻´ҲȥʿɥһЩͽɱʽǰȥҪԼĽ̻ʶȥ
ȻⶼַͶţͰźõļƻ鶼ַƿ֮С
ַð̻ʣ˹ħĳͻţ֮ѪΧɱùħ˶š̻ʡųһжģ
Ѫ岻֣ħͲƴ˿̻̽һѾѾ죡
ַȻǬ̹Ȫˮ￴ս
Χ˹սѾӽβʣ´ڿ֧֮⣬ĹͽȫеĽͽǵĽ̻ʡ˻ֱɱ
ʮӹ󣬹ȫûû˻Ϊħ߲֪ѪʲôΪʲôҪǣ
ħߵڷŽս֮һǧħʦڿʼ͹ս֮ʱ˲أֻʣࡣ
Ѫߵʶֻ˶ѣս˿ûмȻ˼ˣǻǧˣ
սĵһʱ䣬ţͻȻ˳ȫһԼһħķʣ
ⷨʻûӦͻҷ𣬻Ϊ
ɱ
ѪͻȻˮħʼϲֻһӵʱħѾһٶ˵£
һ룬Ҷսѣվͬһսϣħʦµľʿ˿̣ԼߵսѶ˺Ѫ
ʣһ浹ɱܶ෨ûѾȥ
ǡ
һϣ
ѪѪʺĸʣʵΧŹ֮£֮ħ˱һɶ
ħڱѪҲֿԳ
ţʱ˳ĿĴӸɨ䲻ȵĵôҲҪôҪĻԺٴɣЩֻǹħһѣ˫ƴɱĻǹħ棡ңѪȫҾǵѾħռ˰ɡ
ԶһкܴܣȻħҪѪ𣬶ѪľӢȫ󷽿飬ǵʱ
Ѫʱĸλѣһ
ѪһУж֮ߡ
Ƕ˴ȣҲߣ


244 񴫳
һƬСһҶʯͷ֮ϣСһнˣһһȾ˿̣ȴǳʯͷ֮ϣɫǳѿһ濴ƺͨľӣ˫Ķž棬˫ڲš
Сˡ
ַһһڸСߣһѾʱ͸С̸һ̸ˡ
Сվԣˣ׵ˣԸķ䣬Ժ㡣
ַ絭Цţĸң
Сĵͷ
ַЦţһԶˣȻ˵ˣݣôԸ£˸ңĲİǺǡ
ַ磬ˣķڷһУǸı䲻˵־Һ֮ʮ㣬ǿж֮󣬽ļƻһпõȥı֮е㡣ʵһֱڰи㣬۲㣬ѼĴĸϣ֮ìܣЩȨ˵ԸҿǼһֱ߲ݵоЩʱҾЩЦЩܸıôѪأѪ͹ħأôȥı䣬㶼һ٣û뵽ļƻǳɹˣĴ֮ìܣ㣬һЩѾ顭Ȼ˼ƻһһȥӮˣò˵ļƻķǳ׼ܳɹ
ûôʵҲʮİգֻǾԼŬȥѣַܻĴȻⳡѰƻ޷֤һ᲻ʵһʼҿĻ֮Ҿ֪һжģȦף
Сȣô֪
ǺǣҪǣҵﲻһħһǬǬͬΪʮ֮һȻǳ˽⣬һʼҾ֪һȦף֮һжԵݵģķǳ׼Ĵ֮ìܣͻǲɻģҵǼǬ֮ǰҿ֮е㣬ͻĲ֣ʲô֪һжᰴ֮еУһ䡣Ѿ֪˽ȻȥҪıԾ׶ˡֻǲ֮ˣƾ֮ˣˡ
˵ûҿʼ㿴㣬ôҺд֮˵Һ㲻ģΪʲôҪ֣һֱܸı˵ˣѾҵˣҪ㡣
ַһЦֻǸıķչȥ򣬸ΪҵֵֵܺܵˣҾһоҺڽҺһ澵ȥˣˣ֪һֱںԿ㿴һδεĸıˣʵҿǸıˣ棬ҲֻھŬԼȥߵˣں˻ȥѣ֣һ֣ۿôȥıѣԲԣ
ԣԣҿˣԣԸķ䣬Ҫ㡣
Ȼô֣Ҳաڰ㣬ѪԺˡ
СҷѾˣѪδԺ󲻻ˣ֮ˣһԿħᣡ
ķǳ׼һҷǳš

˷ɻ֮ʱһ˴һߵ˳󺰣ȵҡ
ַ磡ַԱǸС
˻ȥ֮󣬿ܲһƬǽ壬Ǳ̹ض˵ʬ壡ʱʬ˿ǹĹʿɱ
˳Ǳ㣬峤ʬ塭
峤
ǱһƬţ˶ɱ
ڹǱ֮ʱǰ֧Ԯȫɱ
ӱĸ׵ʬᣬ
Լ˶ŭ漴ǧǱ޺𣬴˿Ǳ죬죡
ž
ַ嵽žķ䣬˵Ѫ֮žʬ塣
ַ罫ž˻СĲϵѪףƽı飬˯һ㡣
žˣĺƽϾžһͨˣһоͿɱ
ַû뵽Ľڳ֮ǰַħ峤ǧ޷ͻԣַ⽫žĽҽӵԱ֤žİȫַǧҲˣΪİȫȴ
ַѾû˻굤УžѾȥʱϣѾˡ
ַžƼˮ꣬žְֵַЩھΣžһƽϴȥžЩʹļ䣬ﰲ֮ٸһͨ˵Ҹû뵽žȴ
İɣžһ㱨ַҧַ﷢ģܿ죬ʹʧ

ţ˳ң֮ڵķӡѾƻ޴ͼѾ飬ӡڣ˯ʯ֮ҲǿտҲ
ǷŭֱʹĿ𣬡أǵء
˭ԣֻҪû£ͻϣˣһжˡ
ʱһõӰƮǰ
ûеİ
棬⵽ô¡
˿̿Ͳ塣
Ѿ꣬һʮҾͿѣڼʱ֮ǰļǿлѣҵѾ飬崫طǿùԼ겻ɢǵ
ǱѾɱеһҶУΪҵʱ䲢࣬ڱҳһѪ˽ҵĹһε峤Щ˴Ҫѡ
ѵǲô
㣬ֻаСʱʱͻɢ
æȥϰ˽ȻЩ˵ѪǳѪȽϺõˣûдģѪǳһ㡣
ʶڳɨҡͷص̾һȥһʧ
桭أ̲ס˳
ڰ˰ǰѾԹˣڻҪôûõģѵѵѾô
˵ţȻıˣûġ
ѪͻȻΰأ
ѪǵĻ䣬ΰַ绹жţ͸Сոյ
濴ӵһ̣˫ͻȻһо䣬Щ˷ܺͼĴЦһΪԾû뵽ø
ҶĻ˳Ŀ⿴ȥ˶ף濴˽ΰ
ЦͻȻȻֹĿƲ˸СǺˣ
СǳǳЦţҲǵĵˡ
Ŀֿ˶ţǺˣ
ţҲǵĵˡ
֮ıЩ㵣Ȼַ磬ʸǺˣ
ʸСͶţʱֱֻʸʲôˣַʱ򣬻ǰ˸ʶ֡
˶ףСͶţһˣַһˣ
ַ絭ĵǵѣ
Ӽæ͵棬Ȼ࣬Ƕҵĺֵܣκ͹ħսȫЩֵܰæܻʤ
˵ͷӣԺͽˣһὫһĹȫ㣬סٴĳ޲ҪǳɳȻԽ˲ڽ£ҪǣԲܸ𣡡
ˣʲô֣
ҪΪ峤ͻȻֲ֪֣˿Ρ
ΰ
ãΰΪʮŴ峤
˳峤ӷǳ˷ܣ˸߸ϵλõͬʱҲһеκصѹϣ
ʱĴΣҪȥԣӿνѹ
濪ʼ߶Լ̲֮ص˳ӵ£ôȹȪˮ
ǣ棬Һȹƿ
ӻشķǳʧأģƿ
ãҵĹܲˣȻȹȪˮѾȫ죬ҽҵĹޱĴ㣡ϣܼѪѪ
Ѫ
һʱоÿ˶֪ѪĴߣɳһľͻΪ񣡣
˿̵˷Ǻ£ǰԸӣѹӵļ壬ӳ峤ӵѪҵõ
ӲѪûеõĴ峤Ҳӣһܴѹӣڣȥˡ
ʵǶˣԶԸǵģ˿弸;ĩ·ﻹ˼ڶ
湦ͣӰҲԽԽģ
ס޲ҪҪǷϢ
һ仰˵֮Ӱȫʧ
ӸоԼϵϢ˲䱩ǣǵһ޵еĸоڵѪҺȼգڷڣںֱײһѨλ忪һľ͡
˿̵ʹಢţǿ̲סХڱ쳣ʹࡣ

³һɣһߴ׵Ѫɫǳǰü֮һɫ£
ӡǣ
ǿĿԴݻһеƴϱ޺˶Ĥʹ
ݼˣ
ڣ˷׷׹زΰӣÿ˵϶һļ͹Ȼַ˲û¹򣬼Ȼ峤ȨգַԱ¶Լˡ
ӵѪɫѪĹâŭҪʧ

Ѫ˻ȥ֮Ҳ˼ͬΣѪĳǱǿħݻ٣Ѫһ
Ѫˣû˿ޣû֣Ҳû˺˶ǷŭͳĬ
ּȵķŭķŭǡǡ뷨ķйϲŭ𣬶ѪϲѪѹ֣ѹֱǳĿ£
Ѫ۷һЦȴǳᣬħ᣿ǺǡҺγȥ֮ǰҽʦĳ˯㻻ˣħħʦǣһһʬ⣬һǵū

̻ʿħĻ᳤˹̵֮ʱڸ飬ж
һСûˣͶ˹˶Ѫ
ѾˣѾûתأֻܺѪ塢ս
Ͷ˹Ϊʥﶪʧ¶ղѣֳô£ãԼѱ
峤֮󣬹죬磡
ⳡ磬һΪ˸ףڶΪȥǰ
ϯ䣬Ӻַ硢ţ͸Сһϯ
ӽַ˵ݸ֮ʱ㵲ѣַ羴ƣַ͹ħأӵֵܣ룬ַվߣַսк͹ʵ
⼸ַɨͨ˵磬û˲ַ֪Ĵһ˵жʵǽģ
ַ罫˴Ѱļƻһһ˵˳ףַ壡Ȼַ粢û͸Сĵ¡
ַҲӦͶţһ𿹺


245 ı
ַ硢ţȼλǿߵĲ룬ǧ˶ʮ㣡
Ȼ˵սֻʣһǧˣһǧа˰ٶսˣİٶɽսˣȻ٣ȫǾӢ
ӣַó˴ȪˮЩ˵ʣڶʱԼս
ܿһʱѹһѾٴβ棬ѣ
˯һ£ѾȫָȻȪˮĹͣÿʱÿ̶պȪˮĴŻָô죬ҪȻ֮ڶͲҪָˡ
ַýһЩΪĵҩЩ˳ԡ
Ȼ˵ЩҩЩãǽжЩ˵ΪҲֵҩӰľ磬ԣʳ֮޺
ڽİ£Щڵ˶ڶ̶̵ļͻƵ磡ЩٶתϵĶͻƵԲ
սõ˳ɱ
һħ͹ҲûκζǳսħҲ˽ǣҲϢ
Ѫɳ̽ǱħĵҲûзʲôκ쳣Ʋѡ
һ֮ӺѪ棬Ǣ̸ˡ
ѪϣڻûǸѪҲ޷͹ħκһ濹⣡
ڣֻԱչȵ֮취
ĿǰҪľѪ֮ǧìܣ
ħᡢѪͬΪĴݹ磬ħᡢ顢綥Ĵ
Ѫ屾ĵ̺͹ħȲ̫Զ
ΪѪ屾ɣѪħĹϵᷢչĵزѪ岻УûгͻĻǧķչԻΪħĴ
ȻݹʷѪû˹УҪѪʽˣǳѡ
ǽʱͬգʱ˿ѪͬΣҲйͬĵˣֻ˲ܸӵǿ͵˶Կ
ʼռ˵Ǿ仰ҪϢҪ
ԣΪ棬Ѫϣ
˫ͨϵ֮˵һν档
Ѫ۵һκӽ֮ʱѪ۸оǳ⣬ѪΪţΪ峤Ȼţ࣬壬֮зǳߵսζȺ쵼ؼʱһ쵼ҲΪ档
ţ峤ҲӦһλѪû뵽ǣ峤Ȼǽΰ
ѪҲֽΰϢѾȫı䣬ǰΰѪԼҲ͸
һлֱ˵ǳˬһˣ˵Ҳ˵ķǳֱӣһν棬Ѫ۶ӷǳкøУ˫õĹϵǳɹ
ַȪˮ˷ǳãӽ軨׷𣬽ȪˮΪ͸Ѫ塣
Ѫյ֮Ϊ͸жȪˮǴ˵֮еʥˮ徹Ȼϰƿ
Ѫ˳ɹ
Ҫ𣬾ҪħᣬѪ޷͹ħΌ⡣
ֻԱ
ħһֱûжҲû͸©κҪԸѪϢ
ƽ˼£Ѫ񾭲ûзɣǱ֮ǰƽƽ󣬽ٴݻһеĿ񳱣
Ѫ˶ΰǱħĵ̣ȴûзκ쳣Ѫ֡
Ѫ屻˵ѣʱһٽնݳʱ̣ħô˷ѵôõĻᣬͻȻ֣
Ͷ˹ȻȥԸѪ壡ϴε鶼ʥﶪʧչأԾΪ£˶
׿ʥﶪʧ·ſͶ˹˵˶ףѪ壬ôħ͹֮ͻѣ
ڰһƽ⣬аһʧȥһһͲڣѪĴڸͲӰħĵλ
ȻӰ죬ΪʲôҪأѪ屾УҴȥֲܹħʲô£ΪʲôҪأ
ֻҪѹѪ岻չ̫죬ǵѹƵһķΧͽ֮ڣӰħĵλͺãһƽ⣡໥ڵƽ⣡
ȻֵֻϿͶ˹λòף
Ѫ壬½ʣħ͹һɽݶ֮϶Ϊһվѣ
ڣħȥѪϳʹѪˣѪɳԿԺ͹ħΌ⣡
һֻǣѹƣȴǱƳһֻͻҶ˼ϳ˫֮˲ݵУ
ľ棬ǿͶ˹뿴ġ
ںͶ˹û˼ЩΪͬʱӵּ⣬Ҫһǳ¡Ů
ʥһ֮ǰʥϼħӡ޲ʧܣħǰ˼䣬ڰħƻ忪ӡøӭսħ׼
ӭսħΪ˱ļ԰ܺڵ׵аյʥص룡
ʱ򣬿Ͷ˹ӵͣ˯ڵŮ񣬽Ůӭսħȡħڶħֵ
һı٣ı
ռգգ޷·֪ǧ֮ǰħսŮ˼䣡
ֻҪŮŮֻȴʧ

ַУÿ춼ͨ˵Ͷţÿһ衣
ַߵһжλһ㣬ַĺۺۣںòеʱ䣬ַúõ
ţս粻ã鴦ڷǳ״̬ûȫ磬ôãʦʦĸȥħô½ˣȻҪúõ档
ԣÿ춼ڸֳ棡
˵ǮͲ⣬ûǮˣַóһȥһ򣬾һѵǮ
Ȼѡȥĵطǹĵַ̣Ȼ棬ʵ̽ϢʹݻһЩڵһЩС
ַ缸ÿ춼ɱˣˣϼɱ˷ɣֻҪˣַͺԥɱַ硢ţϣǿˡ
ĦݱͳΣССĽǧûͽ֮ڶйˣɱˣֻҪȥãԿҵˣ
ַÿϴֳ֮󣬶ȥһãɱ˷Ż
ɱйˣһѻոɾ
֮ڣַ߸ãɱٶˣ˹ܲķŭ
ַڱ˶ˣȻַҪ˶ϣֳ
̫ƽˣƽЩ쳣ҪŪħʲôͱֻ߳ҪӴǵĸ߲㣬ܸʲô
ϣַվɣ賿ʱһưɳȵģԼһá
֮һƬڣһˣǳž
ߵô֮ʱͻȻռƻͨ
һλ´վ̣ǰͽ
ĿַˣʲôˣΪŴɱˣҽã
´̻ΪѪǰɱˣǷַ̰࣬˼⡣
һ߶վڹߵģ͹гͻЩСҲҺ͹гͻ
˵ôһĿģԴҪŪԭ
ǳˣݵĳˣ
սϣˣҾͲǲ˵ʵϣ
ôַ絭ЦţҲǰôţƾǣ
ʮʿǰһνӭȥ֮ھͽʮʿնɱ
Ľһ۾ͿΪʹõĽ
챾ǴΪڽİҲͻתԣ岢ûʲôӰ졣
ǶˣǵĿɣ
ðȻ뿴Ҿ㿴
ַ¶Լıò
ַ磡
´̴󾪣˶Ծ˺󼸲
ַһֱճ죬˲֪˲սĴʥϢҲ¶˳Ĵʥɱ˭ܶ
ڹħ᲻ѪıֻһˣǾַ磡
ַû뵽Լô󣬡ðɣǸҿæʲôǹħΪô룬Ҿһȫʬ
Цһô
ַ絭ЦֻҪ֪ͺã
ϣ
ţ𣬡ѾȲˣ
չһһȥ˺´̡
̴󾪣߶йӭȥ
䣡
̱ǿɣߵҲ꼰㣬һƬ
ţһѾɱһĵˣ
ַ绯һԵոһ
ڼڣֳֻʣº´һˣ
ӣ
´ӣţֱһȥ·
ַǰĲ֮ȥ

ʥӴ֮ײһ
֮ɣ´Ҳٴɡ
ַ羪治ѣ̵ΪûеʴԲԼһȫԽ£֮ôɣ
ʥڰ͹˵ģСʥ⣬Ҫ⡣
ַʹ̽սţ첢ûжַ֣Ҫȥ֤ʥ⵽ж
ϴ̫ɽսַһֱûл֣ںò״ᣬ϶ҪúõĥԼ
ַһʥÿεĶԾ໥ɣûвǿҵıը໥ɵȱըֲ
˿̣һʱ򣬿϶Ҳɢ
ַ罫ںͺĳ̶ȣһһڿвƣž죬˵ĽսռԪؿʼȶȻһ˿˿Ŀռ֮
Сһ㣬ǵײѾռٽˣǿһЩͻᳬʵʥصˣ鷳ˣ
ַףҲЩ˷ܣԼġǬħ䡯ԭʹ˿̽սʱԭַ࣬öûн⿪ڿһ˿⣡
ִַ˲ƣļͺ´̶Դ򣬺´̷ǳı֪ԷԼûκΰ취ԼʹȫҲǶԷĶֻ֣תͶԷӲ
̵Ĺ𽥼ַҲ̵ٶһַҲűַҪŴ̺
ţ⣬ʲôأﲻɵ˼ô
ԱҪʦܣѧϰһЩ
ʮӵĶԴڽַҲҵҪĴ𰸣ĶԴ̵ҴôãҾһȫʬ
ŹҺôʲô㡭̲ڳӶˣεжģҪ֪ħ̴
ֻҪţȥ֮󻹿Ĵ̣һ֮£֮ϵȨ
㲻ҪңҲ֪ˡ
ַ粻ǲֻ֪Ҫļͺã취˵ҪʵĶࡣ
̵˾;֣һ룬һָֻ飬һ֮걻֮ո
ӣʲôϢ
ַüͷ壬ǾȻҪŮ񣡡


246 ʧ֮
ַõϢֻ֪Ͷ˹ҪŮڸŮҪʲôҲ֪
顭
⣬ַֻѯʽ顣
ǧǰħսŮռ֪Ҫһ飬һ񼶱飬һǸ廹ãа𻵣ڶҪǸһ˿꣬Ǹ꣬ĶУֻǸܺӦκų⣻Ҫд˵еȪˮҲֻȪˮʹĸٸգת
ǳѣҪһãǲܵ£ΪҪӴȥ֧֣ˣ뿪壬û֧ţڼ֮ھͻḯϢģôŮԱֻһܣŮ֮
ŮԶ֮һǶԶһ㣬Ŵֽ֮ΪŮӵУϢʹһգ֮Ҳֻ֮ſԱһ
ԵڶŮ꣬һ㣬˿϶УֻҪһ˿꼴ɣ֮һڷ֮һУռգ鲻·ǿͨһЩŮ͵䣡ȪˮЩ飬϶еġֻҪ㣬ŮͿԸŮ񣬾ӵȻһ˿С꣬ôŮһԶ񣡵Ȼǲܵģһ˿Ů꣬ԶͿԴݻռ䣡
һı߻һıѵռ䣿
ǽҲ֪ıʲô
ַûŮʲôһ⣡
ַмĵ飬˵Ůġ
ţġ
ҲȪˮ
ţ˵ʲôЩơ
Ҳݼ꣡ǽݼ긽ʲôŮڣô
ţ԰ȫԡʲô˵ʲôҪŮ帴ݼ
һ¾
ô𣿡ַ缱ʡ
ͻȻִУ԰Ȼԣôˣﻹһ꣬ôû뵽㡭
ַ绹ҪͿġ
ַҲ쳣飬˵㼤ʲôأ
˷ܵĵ밡ҪŮ񣬿϶оıƻˣǿ϶ˬѵˬ𣿡
ַ
ֵҪݼעŮڣҪӿͶ˹õŮһ˿꣬ʶȫĨٺݼϣһоʹ󹦸ɣ
ַͽһᣬַȥ׼һȥҿͶ˹
ַ˻ȥַ֮һʱҵС
Сķо¶ţַҲ֪һլƲƣ
ַߵСķſڣ׼壬ȴˡ
֪Ҫңɡ
ַ߽ڵģ
ţģһ֪ҪҿͶ˹Բԣ
ַȻ
Сһȸַ硣
ַɳϣһСڿȣϺƽĲһǴǺǡ
СĵͶ˹ȥءʧ֮ء
ַ羪ȣʧ֮أ
֪ˣллĿȡַվҪߡ
ҸȥСվ
㣿ðɣ㡣
СЦַ磬ǲҡ
ַûк֮ǰҺ㣻Ǽ֮󣬷֮󣬶˻ɣµֶεȷ˲ţÿһ¶ԼĿģθȥʧ֮أʲôĿİɣ
ûַ磬˽ңȥʧ֮Ϊ˵һˣǵûйϵǺǡһ죬һҵġ
ʧ֮أԶʱھڵأǿҲŮ˵塣
ħս֮ʱҲܵ˲⵽˻˭壬û֪Ҳ֪ǬҲ֪СҲ㲻
˴жַ硢ţ͸Сǰȥ
ַҲȥģһȥ̽գҺΣգֱӾͲȥˡ
ôַܾģʦܰ綼ôЩˣܸøһɩӰɣ˵ҶԴɱɱ鲻ôȤģֲǲ֪ϲ椣ܵʦŴ
ʦϲ椣ַĲ֪ԴַӺ󣬾֪һֱܼŮˣŮ˾ܣʦһǳׯأôϲأ
˵üɫ裬ĭĽַ磬ͲˣʦʱһʥֻҪʦϵŮˣûŪֵģֱʦĸתˡʦʦĸˣҲ¸㣬ʦֻ߻ħʦĸģʱʦļʦʦĸŭʦĸʦʱʦʦ߻ħ
ַû뵽ʦһ档

Űѷȴ֡
Ƭһ޼ʵȴĴ֮һġʧ֮ء
Ĵطֱǣϼӡ޾֮ܺʧ֮ء
ϼӡǷӡħռأӡ֮ʱ޿̵ϯ籩Ϊ֮µ˽ȥ֮󣬻籩ɱഫֻʾϵ˲ſԽ籩򣬺ͷ籩ȥĥԼԺ־ȻֻǴŶѣϼӡʥ˽ƣ˭ȥ
޾֮Ͽգǧǰ˽ƣֹУ˵޾֮Ͽյķӡģһıڤħ𣬴˵ħĳ򣬵ҲֻǴ˵ѡ
ܣأͨӡϹ֮Ů洵ʧ֮صд˵еľ֮ģ
˵֮У˭Ҫǵõ˾֮ģͿӵϹž֮ǧʧ֮ߣûһ˻߳
ʧ֮صΧһСΪЩ׼
ʧ֮ص߷ǳ࣬Ƕһ߽ʧ֮أ˶ΪɱһЩħޣȡں˺Ƥë׬ǮҲȥշһ߳
ÿ춼гɰǧ˽඼ˣٿߡ
ַ˲ûмŽʧ֮أס̽Ͷ˹Ϣ
ַһַҲףοͶ˹ʧ֮ؿ϶ܽУκԼݣıòȥġ
ҲܵģÿҪѸСǳľͶ˹㲻ǵľλá
ʱ䣬ַͨ飬ҲҲκιڿͶ˹˿ַѾʧ֮صڲ߰˰ˡ
ֻ֮ܽʧ֮ء
ʧ֮طǳ󣬰ٷ֮ʮϵĵɭָǣҪȥ˷ǳѡͨʧ֮·ϰַǳƣ
еĵͼַоûá
СһߵͼϻĶǶȥĵطҲķΧûκμֵҪҿͶ˹ˣӦط
˵ţСͼһָݵͼʾط࣬Ҿʧ١
Сָ˼طȻ̸˵һᣬַʲôûȥ
ôˣ֣˵Ĳô
ַЦЩͿǹˣ˵ط֮ΣյĵطҲΪҪطͻƣ
ΪΣ
Ҫȥ֮صģ֮ͨĵ·߷ǳ࣬ǸطΣյģǲȥ̽գȥˣ
ַ˵ûȥɱħ޺ѰҺԼĳĻطõѡǴ˴ȥҿͶ˹
ַѡһΣյ·˲ǰС
ַ粻ַ磬Ҫһ飬ҲҪµʱ䣡ڸڼ䲻κʧһǰ
ţ۲ַۣͻȻĪʶţ
һôҵĽʵٱŶ
˳ַĿ⿴ȥţŷӦ˼ʮ׿ĸˣĸһŮ䶼Ƕʮ꣬еĸһ޴ķӥŮӲûַ˵ĶȻ֪ĸʲô
ͬһˣ˴˴СΪС׽һֻǰ֮Ƿӥĵ̣ڸСϿΣСշ
ţ˴ȥɡ
ţַ˼̫ȥշħ鷳ôֱӽٳ⼸ˣ⼸Ƿɹȥûġ
ţǳֱӣܵ˸ǰ÷ǳŵӢĵ٣
˿ţɵɵģһЦŮЦĻ֦Ҳ
ţŭˣԼʲôݣһʣͳѪսħᣬô̼СЦԼ
ʵţ仹ûǰ⼸˴󣬵ڶţԼѾ綥Ĵڣ¾˶С
˺ЩС£ţɲ˵ˣɱЩˣ˭˹ȥ
ţû˵ж֤ʵʵ
չ֣ţԶһ
һƬâָǣһ룬ֱ˷ɻҡ
ЦЦȻֹϵı鶼Ӳϡ
ţ˴㵺͹ı飬дˬ٣
λˣҪʲô˶㡣
Ǵȥʧ֮صԵ
ԣɫͻ䣬󡭡󡭡ˣǸطǲȥѽˣͷŹǰɡ
죡ٷϻҾǣ
ڶţ֮£ֻܴӦ
ӥıǳûģֻҪֻӥɣ㣬Ըȥ
ţŭڷϻȫһȥ
ַһֻӥӥչ߷ɣԶȥ˽
ţϷǲǱȵϺˣ
ǰӣҲȥշһֻȥ磬㶼ôˣﶼûô
ַԣСèСèڶá
˷ʱ֮Ϣһᣬ˵㶫·
⼸˱ַЮ֣ʼʱǳ£ǽķַ˲ǻˣһ·֮ºַ
ǿ˹һС˹ģ˹Сټң֮ͳͻǳģ֮жһǿ
ʧ̫֮ˣַʱ֮ҹĻ٣׼ҹ
ⲻ˹ôô֣Ȼ
Ż䣬ʮ׳Զ˹ַ缸˰Χ
˹ļ˿ˣɫ䡣
Щ˹ͷĦˡ
Ħ˹Ħһֱ̲˹壬ܵļ۸ǣƣ˹ļǿһֱֻǴѹ˹壬û潻ս
ڣĦ˹ˣȻҪɱ
ôôùĦˡŮСֹ
ַ絭ʵǵĵˣ
š
ţַ˯еĶţĶߺһ
ţѴŭӣʲô˼
ַ˫һ̯ţң˯ĺúõģЩ˳ˣȥǽ˰ɣ
ţһ±Ƕʮ˴ŭȣǸҴ˯ȥɣ
Ȼţַ֪ɱЩˣ֪Щ˹ĵˣ˼ҵôãҲӦõġ


247 ĺ
ţľ޺һסĦˣĦΪ׵ǿһλԲȻǰĶ˸һֿ͸ĸоǿԼⷽ˶࣬ѾԷΧˣºݻˣѵҪߣ
ϣΪ׵һҧĦ˹УȻҪɱ
λ֮󣬺˻ûгȥλͻȻоԼһϤıӰⱳӰӡһ벻˭һ̣ӰûͷһɵѪףӰ˭ˣԼıӰ
ţĳַǳ죬˲䣬ͽͷΪٶ̫죬ͷص˲俴ԼıӰ
ʣµˣڶţķɱ֮һ˱ʬ塣ʮûӵʱͱţȫ
˹ĿڴŵĴһȭͷĽȥ׼һսԼСȴڼϢ֮ͽˣ
˹Ĳţоǰһλһ㣬ʹԼ۾֪ǿǸû뵽ǿĳ̶ȣɱ
ֻţַɪЦôӣɣ
ַƲƲ̫ͣˡ
ٶȺҲ˹ͬʱԵ
ļ˹˶ַ˷ǳĹ˵֮ҲǳСַⷴ缸˻ڡ
һ·ħޣڶţַǿս֮ȫҷ
ַ翴ŵͼǰѾӽʧ֮صģԽӽĵشֵħ޽λԽߣԽѶԸǷһʱһħ޵ӰûпҶ󲻽⡣
ôôħޣţ
û˸ոշɹһϿ֮ʱ˵ħ޵ʬ壬Щħ޶Ľҵĸ߽ħޣмħޣ
ԽǰУϵħʬԽԽࡣ
ֲôƽԭ˵ħ޶ɱˣ˭ôֱʣַ粻̾
ţѵǿͶ˹
ַҡͷǣûôСͲһ˶֣һɱô߽ħ޸ܣЩħ޵˿ں͹ûɢϢԷֱɱЩħ޵ˣȫΪҪʮϵʣ
ʮϵʣ˶һʮʼսϣ˭ܵס
˶ǳַĿַжϣڷӥ߷֮£Ȼܿ壿ʵǽַġ
ҶַĻЩɡ綥ĴڣеʼһٸһʮʣҾۼһĲš
Ǹ߽ħ޵򣬶Ϸеĸ߽ħҲַѾ׼սǷɹһȴһħ޶ûУȫɱˣ
ǰкܶǿߣʮʣЩ١
ͣ½
ַ缱æ˹˽ӥ½ء
û°ɣ顣ô٣϶ղųԿˡ
û£ҵʶ˲ҵġǰɰףͻᱻ֣ʱ롣
ţæַ磬ӣôˣôͻȻͣ
˶ûзΣգԻ󲻽Ŀַ硣
ַһأȻŵͼǰǡĺҲʧ֮Χڲķֽߣĺʮʣ
жδûлַĻΪ˿˲Զʮʬ壡Щʵսɱֻôʲܸɵĳ
ͣԭϢ
찡ôʣĲôʲôѵǸ˵ô
˵ĺһġ֮ġô϶Ϊ˾֮ģ֮ĵĴ˵϶ġ
˹ļ˶ڲ²ţǲµҲ˾Ųʮˡ
Сĵĺһİ£ǹڡ֮ġİ¡
˶쳤˶䣬ȴŸСĻ
һİ£ûʱȥǹϵ;֮ĵİ£ÿ˶֪ô¡
ǧǰﲢʧ֮أ
֪ţͻȻ졣
˵Ŀⶼ˶ţСҲǳȣô֪
ȴ֣
Ρ
˶תͷŭŶţѶţһ١
ţվһ䣬Ҳˡ
ǰãһƬ˼һûսûɱ¾ֻлЦƽ
Ůǿӡ࣬Ůֹκ˺һ죬Ů䣬ŮĴ߳µľŮŮСƬ棬֪֮֡Ǿ壬Ĵڣǳĺ棬ǿȥ硣ǣ͵͵ܵ˼䣬˼䣬ĸ飬Ҳªͱ޳ܵһ棬ܾ꣬˼ů󣬾Ůһ࡭
Ǹಢ֪ŮݣҪǣǸಢŮΪаˣǾŮǸİûиıһ죬Ǹ౻׷ɱڵϦŮΪ˾ཫʥﾫ֮ĸǸ࡭
ǸԵʱ򣬾ŮԼİ˷˹ϵòģҲҪõˣ֮󣬾Ůˣಢ֪ʲô£Ҳ֪˭֮뿪ˣû֪ȥŮΪǸһӣǸಢ֪
֮ħս屾⣬սûǾŮͨ;֮ĵиӦܵԼİΣգͬʱҲ֪İݣǸಢ࣬ǡħ
ħ
صĻ˵ַ磡
ħսŮһŭ֮´߷˾Ůħӭս񣡾Ϊ£Žŭй˾ã˱ʧ֮أ
һŮ˰һˣȴŮˣŮһֱԹ޻ڵΪǸ˸ԼԼеˣ
ǰɵ˶˼⡣
СŮս֮ħӲĽԼ˳Ǿ֮ģħ֮ҽףԼػԣĺ
˹һŭߵħ̫ˣŮôȻԾŮħǸ
˸˵꣬һ˫ĿĶԼ˻һ
ַ硣
ʲô֣
һ·ַ˲ûĸ˵֣Ϊĸ˱ǹַͣҲ֪
ˡСĽп
ţҼסˣ˵ħһ仵Ҿɱĸˣ˹壡㣬ҽַ磡
ַ磡
ֱŵĵ˼ɫȵѿ˹ҲǾֲѡ
ôû뵽ǰȫĹУɱ˲գ۵Ķħַ磡
ţʵСôˣħ˭ħôģ
ţ֪顣
Сĵ¸Ҳ޷ʵܶ඼ֻ֪Ըȥ˵ȥŶѡ
ħŮֻһǾǾŮħǺǣħΪռ䣬Ϊ
ַ˸СĻˣ˵ˣЩҶ֪֪˵ģûбҪ֪Щ
СЦ϶֪Ҳֻ˵˵ѣǲţʲô
˳Ĭϳȥ
ʱһ治֪ʱҵ˻ħɣħռʲô֪ħսŮȷֹʱûаħС
ʱŮӦħΣ֮󣬲Ȱ裬˾Ů˾磬ħоŮ
ŮħЩ٣㰮Ůˣ
ǣǧسʼֱػֻһˣҶİԶı䣡֪㰮ңҸ㣬ʲôҶԲᰮ㣡
ħĻһѰ̽ŮĵףŮ졣
Ůᣬǵþ֮𣿼ǵǴ֮ܵҾҰĸ㣬ΪһŮԴӿĵһҾͰ㣬Ұ㰮һ꣬ûиı⻹ô
Ůû˵ֻĿĿħ
ħתͷǳ侲ĿžŮŮ˵ЩҲ֪ô
šŮͷ
ţŮŭžŮ㣬жమңжమ
ħŮʴˣӦҰ㣡ǣҲԶ
㲻ǰɣǰɣҰһͻĲڰͳжమ㣡
ħô侲ãģһ㣡
ħֱֲԼ࣬һűɫ˳
ħס޷ܵʹ࣬Ǿ֮ģôҾȻûз֣ҵħҲûиӦ֡ڲܻ㣬ڸĻһṦ𣬵Һ֮ս֮һỹ㣬ʱǷһҲỹ㣡
ħô㣬ôҪڣֻҪ˵㰮ңҾߣԶ㣡
Ҳ㣬㣬ΪʲôҪ˵Ұ㣡ãã棬ֻŮһ˵İɡ
ʱɱ˹
Ůһңȥɣ
ҪħֹѾˡ
ŮɱʽħҲסŮһɱǧ飬ʮһŭ֮½쾫ã
ñ𣡶ħ֮ǰ֮Ļ˾壬ԼػסЩеʮˡħûȥԼŮҵʱܵ˵ԼŮħûС
飬õĸ顣ʱִ̫ţ÷֣ͻ޷ֲı硣

Ǽ߰ɣǰвԤ֪ΣգǸȥֻɥţֻҪʬһξͻȬ
ַ罫һƿȪˮˡ
Ȫˮ
ӹƿӣûд򿪣ֻǲ²ʵ˶ַ֪Ȫˮ
ַͷ߰ɡ
ĸǧлȪˮڵĵλԻȼ
˹ߺַĺ
˶ڰַֹЩ˲ǹħˡ
СЩ˶һЩСͷĿͷĿˣҪȻôʡôһӳ϶ָʹǺǡ
Сûȥַףøôֻйħ
ĺ󣬰׷ԲˮӨ͸ˮ㡣ĺһߴʮ׵ľ񣬶ξŮɢһζǿķӡĺ
˵ΣΪûܸоĺӡĺˮû֮⣬һкһĺ
ںˣϷ棬ҵŮ֮ϣʲôԣǣﶯ֣ɢκεĹӡͻﶯֵ˶˲仯Ϊɻңɢ
ﱾǽأסŸִħޣƽʱĺЩħˮ֮أʮʵ֮ʱɱٸ߽ħޡ
ƽʱΪΪ͵˸޷ӽΪԳɰǧħҲ֮ززҲֻôһܽħʱߡ
ʮΧĺԵϢûһ˵Ƕڵȴʲô


248 ٽ̻
ַ˰й۲Ƭ̣һҲ֪ж
ץסһʿʣ㣬ַ첻ʮʳַ֣˾ͷҲסġ
ô϶ܵ˹ħָʾ϶Ϊ˵õ֮ģ
ӡֻӵħѪ˲ƽ⣬ȻҲǿƽ⣬ǿƽĻ֮Ҳ𻵡ҲµûĻͶ˹ѾҵħŮħѪͿԵõ֮ģиҲ⣬Ͷ˹ȥŮôҪ֮ĸ𣿡
СٻСţǧǰħսŮ䣬ΪôҼǵûĻ֮ڴ֮ѾήҪʱٴѣ⾫֮ģ֮һơ޲壡Ͷ˹õ֮Ŀ϶Ϊ޸Ů壡
ַһҪڿͶ˹֮ǰҵħŮҪǵļƻóѡֻҪ취ɱͿ˹Ⱥףʱ⡣
Ҫ̫ħŮҲħѪ𣿡
ǰַƣϱľħѪ
ֵħŮͬĸĽ㣬Ҿ㻹Ӧȥ
ͬĸĽ㣬ַ粻ĵ飬⻰ɳԶ˰ɣֻӵħѪѣҵʱӵأǲǳĶˣҵĸħ½
Цôĸħ½Ѫǵģħģ㻹ûг֮ʱѪѾˣֻǽ˱Ů˶ѣϰħ
ȥ̵ġַ̲ס

ѰҿͶ˹ǱģҲҪȵģǣȥȣַҲͷ
Сʱɫͻ䣬ַ磬֮ǰ˵ҪһˣҵȵΣգҪȥ
ַͷǿߣ
ַ粻òϣи߰Լܶͱļ򵥶ˣǺͷʱһ㣬֪һôˡ
±˵ҪȵǸ˵ַҪȵǸˡ
СûߣǶַͶţ˵һȥȥˣֻ˵ֻΪҵ׸ǻȽɡ
С˵ַ꣬ͶţķŭӰܿʧһƬ֮С
ţĲУ̫ˣȻ˵׸
ַҲЩַͶţҪȥæģȻСˣ
쳣
СҪ£ȥɣȥﲻæС֮ǰ˵ôǽ¡
£
ûõ˾֮ģ㿭Ͷ˹ôæŮ񣡡
ǣƾҺͶţʵôܵõ֮ģ
ôͶ˹ڵʲôҲҲǵˣǣǣǱõ֮ģ
ôãȻô˵ַŽһа취
ħӡ֮ĵʱ򣬾þħӡģ˵ôãټħѪһԳɹôԸЩʣ
ʮʣʴԲʮһʣµĶʰתϣսַͶţӦһȥͱڻҡ
ַ޲ߵʱԶһϰͷ׷ĺķ˹ȥ
ַ缱æʹǧϢҲӰϢ֮ڡ
صħʬ壬ŭ

쳤գʧ֮ħɪɪ
ߵϣʣ
Ȼ˵Щ壬ǧͽѾˡ׶ΣӵϢϣǿԶҲӵѪʹС
ҲעǵΪ׶壬ҲʴԲľ磡
ĺʮʿ߿ϰٷɫ䣡
ǵĺħȫסȴſͶ˹ǰ
ĺʧ֮صҲ쳣ǿͶ˹óȪˮΪ꣬ЩʸûһԸ
ʮΪҲ֪µҪԣѾҹսɱ߽ħǧ࣬ʮλֻ˶ѣû
οյķ˶оѹָУǸоΣգ
ܿ쿴˵ϵ࣬һŭ֮ĺ
ʮλʼͬʱ֣еľӭȥ
սһսûĺԱߣĺǧ֮⣡ĺħˡ޾𡯷ӡĺ֣ǿʺͷҲ˲ҷ
ȻǿħʼħޣȻ̽ķǳߣԶ޷ָȣȺǧϹ
ַͶţڰһҶȻ˲ĵطսǳԶǻǿɨ
ļ٣սҲڽ˥ͬλħޣÿ඼ʹȥӦû˸СЩħޡ
սİȻĸҲȻǿ󣬵ǷĿսǳǿһתƣԷɣٶ޷ģ
ħ޲һ򲻹ӣ֮£Щǰͺ̣Ҳ˿
ţţҪ
ַûһѾȥʵģĽսڰѰԼĿꡣ
ʱһʱɣַһʹܣȫѹƣϵ˰
ͻȻ͵Ϯ󾪣˭㲻ά˹
ַû˵ֱļ䣬֮һոꡣ
սϴĻ찵أûע⵽
ַʵļõеϢ
ǰʾյ˹ħ뺯
ۣħóȪˮЩΪһ£ס֮صĺ
һȥĻ϶УҲû˴Ӧʮͬʱȥ֮أûܿģ֮գѵôʼ
ʶףħΪ˾֮ģֲҪǲ룬ֻҪסĺĺΧħ޼ɣԣеȫͬ⣡
ԭ
Щʶ֪Ͷ˹Ŀģ
ȻǾͺðˡ
ַڰͶţϷַܹȥҶţ˯ˡ
ַţ̫ǿˣ
Сʱ֮սڽϰͷնɱǿҲʮһˡ
ºͶ˹᳤˵֤ǲһʲôһսôˣ
еʿʼԹˣȻԹֻǸ˶ѣֻ
ͷĿ֮ܶ䶼ǾߵжԹϵǵ峤ˣôǵļҲ
ЩԹˣҲֻΪԼİΣԹΪȥȥĺѹЩȥʵʬ壬ûᣡ
ЩȥʣҲ뵽䵽³˶ûȥʬ
ʵĲпᣡ
ַЩЩĿʣкܲζЩ˾ۼһ𣬲ô˵սѣ֮䶼Ǿ͵жԹϵÿ˶ʶ˴˼ǧˣѵˣʬ嶼Ըȥһô
Ϊ˵ʲˬĽ̻ʺͶ˹᳤ڲ֣˳ȪˮߣӲҪˣ
ʶĲΪȪˮɥڴˣôͻ군ɲΪһôΪʷ
˳ĻھͿˡ
仰һһ̽ʵĶڡ
ʵĿⶼ׷׿ˡ
ˣǹ̻ʣȻַٰġţȻڰַ¶ڻ߳ʲôͻȻ¼ţͻԮ
Ŀ˵Ľ̻ʣҪôҪߵĻھߣȪˮɾûķˡ
ַ˵ţһƿȪˮ
۾һæûСûе£Ҳ˳˳
˳ͺ˰ɡ
ֱַӽһƿȪˮλʡ
л̻ʱ£ʼѣƿӣֻǵССһΣȻȥ
˿˵ʣۿüٶţ
Ȫˮ
ַ翴ʳȵĿ⣬ǰҺͶ˹᳤뺯͸λһãΪ˽죡ҴҲĺܺãҶҪżҴὫ֮ȡ֮󣬴ÿ˶зݣ
ҪƳӡȡ֮ĵʱ򣬸λһһҪס֮ʱǧܳκβҲܵκӰ죡һжǰ
˷׷׵ͷӦ
ս˼ַĺŮ֮
ѪҺϴֻҪѪҺȫɣʣµ¾ͽˡ
ַ֪аٷְٵİȡ֮ģӡþħӡģ
ö˹ͿƽӡҪץħ֮ŮѪŮѪķȻûĸԸѪϴӵЧãҪǸǵƽ֮ҲԶԶĳռ伫޵ȥƳӡķŷǳΣպʧʣ
ַ粻ַͬһħѪħ֮ŮҪټϾħԷӡϤħһħֺ;֮֮ϵ⣬ȡ֮׾ֵ֮£
ַ罫ۻһӣʺѪҺ˳Ůͷ£·ȥ
ѪҺĺǳٶȥҪѪҺַڵѪҪʧһ룡
ⲻҪģҪǣҪһʱѪҺȫգ
һʱڣκ˴ǰ
ַоʱĺһӾһô
ʮӹȥˡ
Сʱȥˡ
һСʱȥˡ
һСʱȥˡ
ֻʣ°Сʱ֮ʱͻȻһɫӰԶڶ嵽ĺ
ʷǿߵϢȥÿ˶סˣûһ˶֡
Ǹ̻Ǽٵģ
Ĺ̻ʣ
ǺͶ˹ȥħ֮ŮӦĺս죬Ƕ˹һȥѰңԼ
ĺͿһԼƽӡŭȻ˸ð̻ʣ
ֲǣ˾ȻԼѪƿӡħŮӦòǣħŮƽӡ֮Ļȥƽˣôǡ
е뷨ԼһħһħϣħŮħѪ֮⣬ôʣһһħ
ַҲæ𣬡˹Ǹ̻ʲǼٵģǰĻ飬Ϊ쵼ߣ㻹ǵһ͸һƣǵһļ׿ڸ㣬ֻҪɹͻֶ֮һĵ̣㻹ǵ𡭡
ַռȻѸ˵ľ˵ˣ֮ǰַɹһʵļ䣬϶֪ʱе顣
һЩǵʱܻ֮£϶ַ϶ģǰǼٵģ
ѵҴӦǵ飬³֮ÿһƿȪˮǿʲô
ûȥʲôóȪˮͲţ⴫˵֮еˮǸٵĽ̻ʿó
óȪˮǶʻһĿ
̻ʱѾóȪˮΪȪˮƭ𣿽̻ʱƽӡĵҵģϣ


249 ֮
ȵȣ
Ǹʶɣ
йâһһ˸ƳڿС˹ǿĻǼٵģ
һɢ޵ʥ⣬ǴŹ̻ʵƣ
ַЦЦһССƾ֤ôǿαģ
ŭַ磬ƿα죬ƣǾʥȪϴɣα죡Ǽٵģ
ʵĿַֿ磬ٿò飬еĵطһģһ
һαװĵطԸı䣬Ϣ޷ȥıģڹ̻ʵĹϢκ˶αװģǰλ̻ϵϢһģһѱ档
ûǲαģһ֤Ǽٵģַ˵ţ֮гһɫ񽣣
񽣣
˵еǲð͸Ƶģô񽣾͸Ӳα죡ֻһѹ񽣣ǹʥǹ̻ʵ֮
ַ˹񽣣ȫɢһϵϣǼٵģɱ
񽣾ʹŹ̻ʣ˿̵Ŀи𾪣
񽣱ַھȻٴγ֣ʱسǣħַһսַù񽣣㣬´̻ʹڹٴγ֣
һַ磡ôѪôƽ⡮޾𡯷ӡ
ѵ
ѵһħַ磡
оϢϢϢȥַı£ʥҲ潫ַɱ
һħǣо˷
ַʮΧɱȥǻûж֣ΪǸоǰٽ̻ʡϿʼɢϵϺϢ
ϢǰǸ޷⣡ÿкһּȵѹָУо촭
ϢǳʾϵϢ
ΪʥĽ̻ʣڵΪʥԲһĴڣɱǣݶڱǰ
˵֮䲻ŭ֮νĻ֮
ǼٵģʥģֿʼԥˣǰĽ̻Ǽ٣Ƽʹʥﻹлô
ðƻװĻͦģƽӡ֮㹫ƽһս
ַ˵ţҲһϵϣϢȻͿ̻ʵϵʥϢһģһ
ʥϢ
ǧ񹦿Իûκ˵ϢϢԻûͱ˵ǿϢˡ
ÿһҪɱٵĽ̻ʣʲơ
ʲûÿ
˹ﻢ¡
˹ͷ亹λ̻ʱ£ĸĸǼ٣ȵһλ̻ʽӡ֮λ̻ʱ¿һ£
˹ȻÿǵΪ̻ʻֻҪϣȡ˾֮ģʣµ¾ͲǵˣֻҪõȪˮǾˣʹ򣬰ɱɱƨ£
Ȼһλʥʹʾôʣ֣ȻʧܣҲܴӶʮʵİΧȦȥ
˹ǿҪˣƻǵļƻ˭Ҳ𣡵ʱе˶Ҫ壡ŭ֮ڱһð˶ԼЩ˾Ȼֱ治
ʵϸһ룬ǰðƵĿԼҲֱֲܷôȫһԼ
˹ŭв̻ʱ£ǸĸǼ٣ôȥ֣һλ̻й񽣣أΪʲôûУҪ˵ĸǼٵģһ㣡
ǰһӴû˵ôĴʥսַ磬Ĵ֮еʥȫַ٣Ϊʱǻ᳤ַսűռ䣡
ŶȻģΪλ̻ʱµôй񽣣
Ϊַ磡ؼĴʥ飬ȻͿԻûĴʥ̬
ַЦôЦЦҲ˵ĳڣַʲôΪַϵÿ˶֪꣬һţʥôܺĴʥôʥһͿԳΪ飡Ϊ;磬ĸˣһַȫˣ˭ţһֻϰĸˣôΪ˶ǰ׳ô
˵滰û˻ȥţֵַͨʵʲôЩĴǴûȥģҲûаַЩеǳһ㣡˭ҲһˣὫĸǧʥĸִܣǵкķǻ᳤սǳĴʥ֮Ϊߵģʥص֮⣬Ͽ޵УַܴܷǣĻţ
Ҳż֪⿪ӡҪ켸ҹʱ䣬Եȵ˹֮Ȼͻֱٽ̻ʣǿ벻ʮӵʱַͿԽ⿪ӡ
ַʱŭ𣬡ðƵĿ˵˵ȱƽӡ֮󶨽ʬΣ
ҲЦַ磬㲻ҪװˣװȥѾûκˣһ֪һݣһǳغصݣʵħ
ַһ𣬲ϸһ룬ƽӡҪħѪַԼѪҺǿһ룬Ȼƶϳַݣ
ַЦһǳЦЦһħ㲻Ҫװˣַ磡ֻƻǵľƻѣλʣʲ¸ǣ˴ȡþ֮ģΪ˸Ϲ񡪡Ů񣡡
󾪣ַô֪ϢҲ𾪲ѣϢʮһ㣡
ַ֪ΪʲôҪŮôʥص֪ͨҶ֪ϼħӡѾɶħ˼䣬ǸŮΪˡ
סڣҪ˵ȥͻȻһгһǿĽĻĺķϯȥ
˹ʽðƻ֣æ׷׳֣˲仯˿ĽĻ
Ϊַ֪࣬˵Ϊ˵õħڶħ֣˽ԸŮŮԿħõħħ֣Ϣȥռ䲻Ҫ˾磬һһȻ󲨣
һ飬ǸŮ֮ɱʥʥ£ڿ϶ܴȥ
ʵַ֪ļıֻ˵Ϊ˶Կħѣû˵ͱϣַûм˵ȥôżԼĻ϶ı
ȻѾ֣ʽŰΧ
ʽĺΧһȦܿĸͻƶܽӽַ磡
˹ʮʴԲսʮ֮һƬɭֱΪƽأս̹Χɽ忪ʼѣ
˹ʮʴԲǳ־壬ԽԽġ
ǰðƻʹʴԲķǿĿֲʮʴԲȫһӲȻÿζɣûһ˿˺ۣҲ˵ǰðƻһʥľǿߣ
ҲܱЩ˶С֮еǿߣɱЩˣЩҲԼģ϶ɱã
ҪɱЩˣҲǳѣǲܣǶóʵһãʥص˾ͻǲɱЩˣͽӽַ磡
ȥ˰˭Ҳκβ˭ֻƻΧ̬ѡʮʴԲܿ췢֣ǰðƻûɱ⣬Ҳзִ磡ֻ֤ðƻ˺ǣ
Ҫǣǰðƻõʽ͹ǹĹмڽ̻ʵ̻ʶʹ˳
ѵǿ̻ʣ
˹Ժˣס֡
ͣ
ʶֹͣ˹Ϳ˾롣
Цô֪ˣſ˹ǵٶǰٶǰݼʣʺ͹һ׿ףԲԣ
㣡ָһʣ±ʼǵ÷ǳǰһ̲ȾˣȻǹԸƿʥˮ
㣬ӾȻϷֶŮˡ
㣬𿴣㡭

ϾЩ˺Ϳʶ꣬һЩ¶˵ʱ˿̣˶Ѿģ
һ˱ð䣬㱻ɼ䣬Щǳ˽ܵϸϵûа취ȥƵģ
ǻˣǻ˸ôߵս
Ȼģһأ
ַűɵǸ˵ļ䣬ҺͿйصϢһʵĪˣʮǰұʣʸһʥˮ
㣡˵أӾǰ飬ԵΪףأ
㣡Ϊ˺̣Ȼ˱ʵһãһŭ֮£ɱһʮˣ
㡭

ַҲѧſһһ˵һЩ飬ַ˵Ļǹ¼Ǵ֪ģ˵Ķ˽˻¼
ʱǸ벻ЩϸڣΪԣ
ʶɵˣģ

˿ַѪѾϣæһƿȪˮָԼʧѪҺ
Ѿʼħһħվ֮ĵϢֻҪʮʱ䣬Ϳõ֮ģ
ŭ붯֣Ǳʶס
ֻҪӰַƽӡͺã£Ҳùܡ
ͻȻһĿַ硰㣬ҺʱϽ̻֮λ
ѾϽ̻֮λǧ꣬ʱ䣬˹֮⣬˺֪
ַ⣬ŭȣðƻŴսʵϣȵ˹᳤֮ضԭα¶
ŭַ磬㲻Ҫװˣشҵ⣡֪λ֮˲μӹҵĵǻ䣬Ǻҵ࣬϶֪ҵǻڣҵҲ϶֪Ϊʱ͸һʥҵ˵ģ˵Ǽٵģ
ַ϶ش𲻳˿ֻ̣ʣһӽͿԸ㶨ַһӣ
ַŭʲôȨʱʣǺʱǻǣұһ¶ױСһͽ֪ôҵļңҵһУСұʿ۸Ǹ۸һұ֮Ҿаݣһ죬Ҫвڽ£
֪ôʱ
ַ翪ʼϹˣпյ˵һͨеŵȷ˵˿һССĽͽ̻ͨʵ·һƬѪʷһƽһʵ۵ĵ·һɷϣһۣɹˣ
ԣҳɹˣҳ˽̻ʣ˾Ľ̻ʣ˭˭˭ڽ¾Ͳڽ¡
ˣַ磬˵ûУȣ˵ô޷ʱ䣡Ϊ⡮޾ӡôôҪʱ䣡
ô˿ʱһ
䣡
ŮͻȻƽĺ浴һɫĲƣƻһεѸĺ֮еĺˮڼӵʱڣ޾֮ɿݣʮӣ
һַ̣ǰƮһűɫ࣬ɢǿص
֮ĹˣллλΪһַ΢΢һЦ
ףǼٵģ
ַ糷ȥǧ񹦣ָ˱Ŀ֮վڶ棬ңң
УַѾͽԼľСǬħ䣡ַ뽫ȫɱ


250 
ҧгݵĿַ磬ַ磬㣬ħһħ
ٴξַһħôһҪַڴ˵أ
ַҡͷҲʲôħʶʶݣ
һ񣡡
ַ
ַ϶ܳԼħˣַԻᱻʥص׷ɱʥصˣַ϶ֻһ
޾Ϣַϱ·ʴռ䣬˶޷Ӧ
֮Ưַǰ·ڿոһе
񴫳ߣ
һ񣡡
м¶˿־Ĺâ
Ϲ֮һĲ̺ͿֲԶ֮Ⱦ쾡£
񣬴ľ٣һоǡ
û˻ַݣϢƭˣ֮ЩϹŶǾԶʶ
ǰַϵϢʱַ绹ûеõħһħ֣ûдҲûн
ַ綢ſЦ˸㣬⿪ӡħѪõѪѪǲΪʱſԽ⿪ӡҸ㣬ѪһʱͿԽ⿪ûҸղʱ䣬Ϊղҽ⿪ӡʱ̣
ַٴ񴫳ߵѺΣƲ˺ħĹϵһҪƲ壡
ҲЦַ磬ƽӡôʡȥƽˡ񴫳ô죬ʶٴˣѷɣ
ôַúܺЦҼǵĴʥҲ˵ĻǵҲһˣڻǺúõվ
ٴνҿ˰̣쳣ŭ˴⣬űóѣΣҿ㻹ʲô¿ӳʵģ
˵ţַ
ַ罫֮ץЦţǰһҾ龫֮ģ
æ͵ͣסŲ֮ı٣޷Ů
ַ磬㵽ôҧгݣ˫Ŀ
ңŮġ塯
д󾪣ѵһ֪һܣܣ
ַ磬ѵҲ븴Ů񣿡
ҪôϻֻҪŮʲôطͺã㲻˵Ҿ龫֮ģô򵥣
ַ˵ţֽһ¡
ôССһ£оԼһ㡣
𡭡˵һͷ亹˽̻ǧ꣬ûôвԼͷϣݺݵв
˿ֻ̣ʵʵ˵Ů壬һǰѾҵǹ֮С
ã֪ˡ
ַ罫֮սǬ
Ǭħ䣡
һһַнɣȻһȼ֮еڵһʵӪ˹ȥ
ϴΣڱԼľַ֮ͨڽнֻǷֲֳͬԵȥûײںϣûзըͻᱻԷһһ⣡ԣֻҪȼһо֧һƽ⣡κֻҪȼյͻը޷⣡
ûиоַеǿΪֻǴڴԲĹЩм
֪Ŀ޺𣬡ܣ
֮󣬿ѾӰ
Ȼ漴ܿ췴ӦÿʧĶӣ֪⹥жǿ
ʵķӦһ
䣡
ƲǿĹ뱬ը
֮һޱȾ޴ĢƣƲ֮а磬ÿ޾ĺɫУɫ֮Ǳ˺ʱѷ죡
ռĩһ㣬ܵɭ֡ɽһδѭը֮бϿȣߵɽڱըֱ֮ӱ޿ɿܵ˷ĩ
һʱ䣬ҽȻǿ󣬵Ǹ޷ֿⳬԽռ伫޵һʥסеڼȫǱɷɻҾǱʱѷ졣
ʥأھͻȻ۾ʥ顣
Сӣ鷳
׼͹ȥͻȻֹס˽Ų
ϻ룬ϴʥַ֪еģΪûȥħô½ʥ˷ǳСӣСӼʥأҪСΪҵӣ
ڰС͵ħô½Ǻʥô룬˸ʥĻԼĺӾ͵ͷˣ￴ʥˬÿ춼ڲ߲ƴƴ޲ħӡ
˵ˣҺӵĹϵСӵͽܡʥ˺ӵĹϵҲǳá
ˣַô˵ҲԼˣԺ󲻹ˣֻҪħöеЩϼһͺãҲҵ£ʥʲô

ߵֻпһˣֻһС˶ѣʱַߵķ׷ȥ
ַͻȻͣ˽Ųתͷſ׷˼ô
˫ĿѪ죬ַ磡ɱеʣ
ַôһУѾֱ˸ϴƣϴ󶼱ַɱˣϢȥַ籨ûͻȫսߣȫ濪սԺܿͻһƬˮ֮У
ǹħҲ޷ƣ
ͺһ½ʮңͻȻ֮䣬ʮҵĻʵ۶ˣͻң
ôɱ˾ɱˣôַƲͣʵԼûйϵƵġ
ŬѹԼҪߵͬʱǳƣΪʲôʥصûг֣ղͨһ
ô뵽Ϸŵˮ
ַ磬Ѿ֮ĸңҺ֮ĶԹһʹԺǾˮˮôѾʼˡ
ΪĻַĶȴǳĴ̶
Ҫɱҵһ̣Ǿͳ˲ݵУҺĶԹǲܹģ֮䲻֮Զ㣡
ѹסԼͷ𣬡ַ磬㲻ҪңұƼˣʥ
ҲǱƵû취ʥﶪʧһ£ǳŭ˿Ͷ˹ĻᣬֻҪοͶ˹Ů񣬲ҵõħڶħ֣Ͷ˹ԼĽ̻ʣԵõʹݣ
ͬʧܣֻһ³
ַ粻֮ĵĻͶ˹϶³
ַ翴űŭ֮еĿоǳЦ˵Ϊ˶ԸҺҾսûɱңǺ𣡷Ǳ͵˱Ŀռ䡣ҵʱûг֣ΪҲôȥħô½ҳֵĻǱǽǿԳֵģʹôǿĹʥص˶ûҹǴʥصҲܣԣҪĻҽš
ʵʥص˲ַͼղ޼ɵʹǬħСʥ棬˵ַ绹ʸȥħô½ʥڳȻʥ仰˼˵׾ǣʥַռ䣬Ϊȥ
ʥ˼˭Ҳ
ѣŭãַ磬ݣ
ҲݣĺݵĻûȥǹܲ棬һҸղʹõľУҹƵڶ죬ʹʧˡ
вв
⻰ȷѿһַôַ˵һҹʧ
޲ַ˺Ƭ˿ַ̲֣ܶĻ˾֮ģ׵ľ군ˡ
ַ磬㿪ֻҪģʲôҶӦֻҪ㽻֮ġεĻǿķ
ַ練ʣ˻棿
ǧȷ
ðɣɱҵǰ㡭
㡭ŭģѪ
˵Ķɱô
һɫ
𡭡ҿЦѡ
ۡ
̲סһѪ
Ѫ֮ĿͻȻоˣеѹһһ롣
ܰѹĽ̻Ѫַνǰ޹˺ߣǧŵһˣ
ַֻԺͿﳶƤڻظԼľ
ʹǬħ䣬ַȥ֮һľǰʹǬħһΣҪָʮСʱſԻָٵõħһħ֮󣬾ָķǳ죬ֻҪʮӣ;Ϳٴλָ״̬
ַ㽫ɱٴˣ
ðɣθŮĿģҿԿһ½֮Ľ㡣
˻棿ֵַˡ
Ϊַ֪һУԭһﲻ֪Ȼ֪Ҫ֮ĸʲôѵǽΪ˺ԣΪ˱
ǧȷȻѡš
ĻãҸ㣡
ҪȸŮ񣬽֪µɱʱռ˭ܵס
ǸŮΪ˶ԸϼħϼħӡϾҪƿ֪º󣬸оħܷǳǿռ޷ħҺͶ˹Ů񣬶ԿħЩ
ַһȣΪɵôŮԶ񣡸֮󣬻ӵĲһ˿ҲԻռ䣡˵ɣǵ񵽵ʲô
֪϶ַ磬û뵽ַᶮôࡣ
ħ֮󣬵޷ɱħħ֣ӡռ崦
ȵȣַ˿Ļħħ֣ƭȥɣǲĲҪ֮ˣ
ַ̲סˣַ֪ħǴ򲻹ħΪռ䣬Լ֣
ŭ˵ʵ
ַתһ룬ǰһǹ̻ʣ϶ƭĲᣬȻ֪ˡ
ðɣͬ㣬Ҳԭˣ˵
ݺݵƲַһۣõħҲħڶħֵҪӡħ˵ǳ򵥣Ҫõշħħֵӵſշǧǰռ䱻ħսݻٳһƬ棬ռʱ𻵣ռѾܲסĴڣתռǧǰħս֮գھ޷·ռ䣬ֻһѰڣǾʥʥθŮ񣬵һ£ǻɱʥʥڶ£շħڶħ֣
ַ˵꣬𾪲ѣ
ܸңǸָʾô
Ҳ޷Ǿʮλս񣡡
ַзݣս񣿸ӵħ֣Ӽˡ
֪һ飬ҪǸһ˿꣬Ҳһ£ǵŮһ˿ʶ񣬻ʶ񣿡
⻰ǽַʵģѾ²⣬һı
һ㶣һôʲô֪
ʶ񡣡
󾪣ַУսҪŮǲǻһ񡣡
ַŽĻʣŮ֮⣬ǵǲǻһʶ񣿣
ǳʵĻش𣬡ҪŮ彵˼䣬սħ˼ƽùɢÿһ䡣
˼ƽȥĺƽٴʲôƽ


251 ַս
ַЦ㲻ҽ¸߸ʥôҷǳףΪʲôҪɱʥʥ¸ңʥȤ֪ǵΪʲôɱ
ʥأȥôʥص˳ұˣûܽʥأҸôǸŮ֮ʥصȻ֪ͻԸǣ϶ʥΪУοڸʥصˣʥص˻ô
ַ类ҭסЩʵ
֪üˮ˵ĶԻ¼£ڹ̻ǰֽţǲܵģ
ַ磬ҰһжˣڣðѾ֮ĸ˰ɣ
ַ絭Цţ˼Ҷģֻ֪ѣûдѾ֮ĸ㡣
棿Ľ̻棿Ҳַֻ˵Ļ
ַ硭޳ܣ
ַǳǳЦţһôҵġ
֮ȫǵ˶㣬ҪַһսҪַ絽жǿ
ҲǱַƵ޿̣
ʼѪֱˣһΣԽ̻߸ϵܵ޷ܵ裬Ѿ̵㲣鶼ˣٲйһ£Ļը
ԣ̻Ҫս
ڽ̻ַһԶŵ޳֮ͽ˵ʲôûʲô֤ӦͿԷڣԴˣֻȥ⣡
˿ַ̣ľѾָֻԻָǸ̻׼һݡͣ


ַԴӵõ˾ħںѧϰˡħ㡪ƺ쳾֮󣬴ûʩչҪԸʥΪĸ֣Ϊʲ
ʹУķǺܴҪǾݣԣַͿ̸˽ͬʱڿٻָԼľ
Ѿָ˶״ַ̬ҲĺͿһս
ҪһʥҪľʧأҪȻһʥľַ˶ԷġַҪעϸڣ֣ܲնɱڴˣ
ַ磬ҵģһδθᣡԼȥϧһնɱڴˣ
ɱģѾĴ㣬ʵɱַ磬ʥɱַ磡ֻҪɱַõ֮ģֻҪ˹˹һҲԸŮ
㿭͵Ŀռ䣬ֻҪŮ񣬿ɿԵõõһУ
㳢ԳԹ
ʧȥ˹֮ڶʱڷһ˶ĿĹȻĹ񽣣Ҳһϵ
ԡ޾ʥ֮УбĻ裬ѽӰȻӰҲʥɣֽӰĹ޵ɱ¾֮⣬Ϳϵʥȫͬ
ǿؼɱ¾֮⣡
ַĶֽսǳСģһʼ˾У
Ȼַʥǿ
ǳģ
ѽӰڿӴƺռϢһ̣бһǧʥɵĽӰַȥ
򣡡
ַϹ񽣻裬˲ԡʥ֮УŹ񽣵趯ַҲѽӰ
󾪣ô£
˵ĳֻһʱ䣬ͬʱڿײ
䡭
ը˷׷׺ˣ뿪˱ըķΧ
˶ûˣ˫֮һʮ׵ľ޿ӣ޿ӵıԵңң
һ𾪵Ŀַ磬񴫳ߣôܻʥȫ˵ܣȫ˿ⷶΧ
ʥ⣬Ϊλؼɱ¾֮⡢֮⡢֮⣬ؼֻĽ̻ʲſѧϰ
ַ磬ңΪλҹؼѧģЩɳơ
һֱڷŭһֱŬѹԼҪѾַľȡ
ַ絭ЦţΪһôֻõĹ߶ѣŮֻ˼ٴδѣѵĲ֪ǧǰħսô
˵˵ַ磬ȥ
Щ鿭֪ڿλãһ鶼ǳףǺܶʱֻɼ㿭֪ʲôãʼֻĿ֮棡ϵĵλͬʱҲɣ
ҪסԼĵλ߸ϵĽ̻ʣֻһӣһѹߣֻҪˣɿռϵҫ
ҪҲֻȥ֪ǲԵģҲֻȥհ죡ּ⣬һеȨ͵λữΪУ
֮⣡
ٴʹ˾УϢͽȻǣ趯һռ˵γ˰˵Ļַķǵϯ
еѾʴԲĹһʴԲǿҲӲ
ǣ˵Ļַе·
ַֻӲЦţȻַ˷ǣǲűռ䣬ǿַǸʵ
򣡡
ַٴʹáħڶ㡣
ͬİԵĻϯȥַٴθ˿ĹַĹûпĹĴ˿Ĺ
ʱַҪͬʱͬĹ
ַʹɱ¾֮⣬ΪַżȻѧģһĻѧ֮ɱ¾֮Ⲣһεģ
Ҫѧϰ֮⣬ҪڡʥȪϴžŰʮһ죬Ҫù֮Ȫʥ֮裡
ұ֤ϣԼ֮⣬κ˶ʹóһУ
Ǵ˿̵ַȴʩչַùʹоȻȿʹ
״
֮ûʱ룬ҪַȥԼĹ
֮жǿǳģΪʥʴԲĹȫ϶
ַдȣŵ죡
ֻʥſһܾ׻ַĹǸոջ⣬ȴַҲ˷ܣַķܲûл⿭ĹǽĹȫ˻ȥ
ٴλַĹ֮ѽѵĶַ磬Щңɱ¾֮ͻ֮Ǵѧģ
˵ǹǸ쵰̸ҵģô
ŭ񣡡
ǿʮǸ쵰ַ
ַһδεļŭÿ񽥽ʧأʹʹǿľУ
ַҪѡһǡʱԼˣȻʹáħ㡪ƺ쳾ֱӽ
ַ磡˫۳죬ǵʺڵٽ֮ʱֺݺݵѹ
һλʥȻַƵ޼ƿʩľʼʥľӲĽԼʹڱ߱Եѹ
ףںַֻУǿǿУǴ˿̵ַȴվԼ棡
ʴԲ˲ַ磡ַƽ⿭õǺͿͬʽַûг֣
ַ粻ǲַ֣֪Կʥķָ˲˶Էһֱſ֡
ǳʥɱַ磬ģȥĿռ䣡ҪǣǺַľսǰˣȻֻǴԣǵȷʱʹʥǿľУʱҲиӦڿЩӰ
ʹʥɱַ磬ԼͿˣ
û֣˼ŵζԸַ磡򣿴ûأޱȱ

ʱһɫâӿ˹֣֮гһɫУֱӽâɡ
ɽâ֮ĿоЩʣȻ
һĿĶӳַߣһѽɫŭſ
Ƕţַ籾öţڰЭԼǶţ˴˸ƽ֣̲ס˳ַ硣
ŶţŶţ˵ĽɫЩȵеĿǶԶʮ֮һչ
ûǣ
۾һãܺãѹҪˣ
ȳ֣ţֱƶȥ
ţ֣סǰ˵Ļ
ַֺͿսһ𣬶ţվԶս
ţǳ붯ַ֣ǰԼĽ
ʹʲôַȥʲôʽԽԽΪʲôַҶÿǳͨ
ַ磡һԴĽҿôʩչ
ħ
ǿԴĽǽ͹һȻȲϿؼħһǽӲסʴԲҲֻǿȥӦ
ַ統ȻԸƳַûȥƣ
˿ַжϣѾԼʧأַ׼áƺ쳾ȥ
ַӭͷ˽֮ڣ񽣶ԿſĹ
ַ翹ķǳܿ죬ַϵڿٵʧ֮ģʧ
ô£ҵأҵأַ羪ֵŭ
Ȼַ⳷ȥ֮Ҳ˳ĳȥеķ
Ƭ֮䣬ַʮÿⶼ֮ˣ
䣡
˻
ַʼѣһĴϡ
ţַһұ۱һ⽫ַȥ
Ĺڽ˿̵ַѾΣʱ̶пܶ
ȻƴĻַֻ꣬ҪԲַص˶Ȫˮָ
ˣʴԲʥܵشҲ֮ܵشַ粻ᣬΪнıַŸô
ַ絹Ѫ֮УŬŲԼ壬һ
ͣԶԶĿַ磬ʲô
ַ磬û뵽ǸͲǽõʱƣ
ʶɨַƣַˣʱ
ַ磡оô˰ɣû뵽ԭģıΪֻдھ磡
֮İɣ
˿̵ĿѾΪַˣַһ֮ġ
áҸ㣬㣬ɱңҺʹ࡭
˿̵ַȷǳʹ࣬ܵشǾַιȥˣ
ַڿνãܣ
ַ罫֮ĴǬ˳ƺȫ̧˹ȥ
ûκεķҲû˿ģߵַߣ˹ȥ
˿̿Ҫɱַ磬ֻҪһоͽǿַô
ַ罫ôã϶ҪַĥֻҪ֮ĵ֣һҪַúõġܡ
ָҪӴ֮ģַľȻֹȥ
һ㶣ͻȻоַľûȫԽͨʵľ
ֻƾž˲˿˿ǿȴԼڿٵţ
ƺ쳾
ַڱħ㣡
оԼţҲڷţ
԰׵ͷʼ䣬ϵƤʼݻʧɫ
⣬ô£
ַ磬Ĺȥɣ
ͻȻһߵַȥʱһ˿Ľ
ţַԶȥַһƿȪˮ
ַ̫ܵˣǬҲգյĻַ϶ᱻռ֮˺飡
ַһʼͰŶţڰЭԼ֮󣬶ţҪһʱ־Ԯַ硣


252 
ַ̫ˣʧȥһһţȪˮȥָСʱڲָܻƣҪڵ˺;Ҫһݲָܻ
˿̵ĿѾͷŵַһڵϣ
ǡƺ쳾еĿַֽ֮ĶصˣԷͻΪͬƣ
ҲȪˮûüȣͱţȥ
ţַ˿Աߣַ翴ſǳƽĵǲǺ⣿ǲʥȫţǲԼúͬ׵ǿߴսһˣǲһͨ˶ɱ
ַ緽ų˳޷ܵʹ࣬ûа׷ѡ
ţеѨλסСĵ㡣
ַһСĽҪָһЩȥɿļ䡣
ֻнûг֡磬ô£㵽ѧʲô
˿̵ĿѾڷҪַо֮֮ʱоַľԼţԼȫڿʧԼӵʥҲʹһ˲䣬ǹصĲɵֱֵԼˣ֮ˣ
Ϊһ̻ʣݺô꣬ʲôʱôַˣһһΣһһΣھȻ³³
ַ֪ôǿԲַΪУ
ӿʼʱַڿֻһֻ϶ѣһ΢һϣڣֻϻ˿
ַЦҪʲôԿ˵ɣһ̻ʵķϣһȫʬ
ַ磬֪ɱҵĺɱҾǺԣʱǲŹģ
ַЦϣûַ粻£ǵңһҪ㣬ֻһǵŪһѣΪǵĻںôֻԼ棬ֻǵһӶѣֻһʱԶӣҽ첻ɱ㣬ǵ֪ļƻûгɹŹô
ַĻпĵףһжʵ˴μƻʧܣٵľξ
ͻȻһжͨˣЩеѹ鶼ǸƣһеһжΪϵڱûһΪԼ
ַ硣ͻȻһƽ֪ǧǰħսΪҸ֪ЩֻǰΪûа취Ƿǵ飬ͻʧȥӵеһУһжҴСɱֺ͵ˣһһŬģЩΪһ仰ҸôҲģԣֻ˳ܣֻܰİ£ǸˣͻǸȨ͵λǲˣһ仰ͻὫĨɱǶϣ֮£ΪϣͲǿĴڣ֪ĴʥΪʲôһֱռôİţûа취ûκεѡȨȥ˱Ŀռ䣬ڵΪ϶Ҳ񾳽磡һֱûᣬȥˣҲʧȥӵеһУǸġ
ַ絭Цţ˵Щô˵ɤҲŹ㣡Ϊ㿪ʼվˣֻǵˣ
ַûںͿȥֱ˿ļ䡣
ûзԼľԿַɼܵĻһַһ鷳ǿûУ֪Լɣһ̣иӵʵַһħ
ڱ۾
һ̻䣡
ţˡ
Ͼһ̻ʣȻǵˣַ粻ôһǿ߱ʬҰ
ţֱӽǸַ֮ǰͿս֮ʱ俪һƴһʯʯƬ˿ʬ塣
ַӿļ֪һ顣
˿˵⣬ַ֪˸Ůһһ˿񡱾Ȼǹһ˿
ֻҪŮ񸴻һ˿Ů壬ôŮȫǹķһ㣡
Ů壬Բֻǻɱʥʥͻħڶħô򵥣ϼħӡ֮أռħһͨҹƵûŮħͨ
ַһ㶣Ҫ
ûСţôôСٻһսǼõŮ洷ӡȥǵħͨʹɹȡͨһбʥʥƻθŮ񣬲Żɱʥʥ
ַ˽СٻĻԵͷַһļƻɹ
ַ磬ǻ쵰ȡǴ֮š
СٻеСţ˹һ˿ʧͻ֪ƻʧܣҲ֪һħѾҲ֪ģ
Уʲôھ磬֪Ҹɵôµռô֪һħôռ˿ڣ֪ĸô
Сٻ
ĿռֱָһɽıʯȻмƷװЩַòϣֱӶǬ
ַһ﷢һɫıУװǹһ˿
ɣЩ˷ܵĽţһ˿Ҳһˡ
ַҪҶ˹Ůһ˿ڶ˹ֻҪͿԸݼ
ӿļ֪˹ȥ֮ѰħŮ
ûбԭо֮
տ·ߣַͶţ֮ؽ
һ·ϲûʲôΣգħ֮ǰʮɱϰͷʧ֮صĶսʣµĶһЩͽħޣַͶţ˵ûκѹ
ʱַ簴տĵͼ˾סڡ
һƬɭ֣գɭڸֲдУٻҶޣԶʮֻħһߺˮַ˵ĵûᡣ
ԽߣһЩħޣЩħ޶ǳ˳ַͶţûκε⡣
ַǳ֣ħ޶ûеַ绹ԽܣЩħУȻһ˯ַԾѣҲ̫˰ɣ
ǧǰҲʱʧ֮ضǾãûκηľáħ֮Ҳûɱħ޶ɱħʳħǵʳǡȪľȪˮطǧǰľһûзֻкƽǱߵĺ֮žȪˮϢ
Ȫˮ
ַͶţ˺ߣЩħ޸ͲˣԹԵæԼ顣
ˮ峺СȺӵˮϷֻССħں֮Ϸˣ
ʶ֮֮̽йȻоȪˮϢǳ٣⼸ƽĺֻһζѣЩħʳˡ
ַһںˮʱþһˬ֮ҪӪڿٵĵõ˲䣬ֻоӱġ
ֲħ޶ɱĺˮ˭Ըȥɱأ
ڿļѾû˹ƬɭԼϢȴȻѾǧ꣬ǲһһľڽ˵ļһ洢һ㣬Ҫʲô䣬ֻҪͺãһеļ䶼ǳļһʱԶȥģ
ʶһֱɢѰž飬ԽߣľԽ󣬿ԿЩʮ˶ϱסĴ֦ҶĲţԶչȥ⼸ô֦Ҷһ𣬴֦ǳ֦֮ϣħޣЩħǶϲԼļҰڴ֮ϡ
ʶɨ赽ʮ飬ЩӾ֮ϵȫװַͶţĵط˹
ԣЩǳַͶţġ
ǳƵĵǱ鷢ˣ׼߸Щ鶼öԸСĵ㡣
ַƣɣ飬ôģôᷢǣ
̤֮ʱǶѾˣǺһһľܹͨħ޶;ĹϵǳãһˣֻҪ뵽嶼ڵһʱ֪
ʮַ֮ͶţʮΧ
ַ翴ʮ飬һӴסˡ
µ޿޵ף٣ŵľֱֹ֮
ǵЩףַͷֲЩŮǴµĺһЩֱ޳׳ͲſԷֱЩˣЩŮˣ
ÿ˶żһĶ䣬ҲǾ֮ϺΨһ𡣶һĶ䲢Ӱ쾫Ϊǵ׺Ѿ˼£һĶͻ˾ظУ
࣬뿪Ϊ׵ľǳƽͣûһ˿ŭ
߹ţ壬òκ֮϶׷һּȵΪ屾һֶ͡òƳǿ
˿ַ̣Ͷţ˿ǳŭɱź͸߹̬
ַǳǳЦţǳòĵλѣҺѴ˴ǰðֻΪһ࣬Ǻ;岻κεĳͻֻҪҵ࣬ǻ뿪
Ϊ׵ľͻȻϴ΢ŭǺһģ
ˣַ뵽˶˹͸Сַԣ˵ǲһħʦһµꣿ
ߣɱǣ
Ϊ׵ľͻȻΧľÿжһѾɫ̹ʮ˼ͬʱ˹ҡ
ɫ̻һÿһӵзʵһ
ħеľ鶼Ƿʣ
ŵ죡
ַԥʹǽڶУɫΧĿγգһɫĹȦַʵʵ
ַеħԭ·˻ȥЩ鷨ʴ󾪣׷׳ˣһƽǰĹ
ţߣгһѽɫȫһ޵Ľâħɣ
֣ÿĳʹȻܵϵ׺ͶȣڹϲҲǾе츳
㾫ļչȼǼֱ
ӵƳһͨңߵǧϣеʱ;ȥԳľ飬ȫʣ
ǹƽģƳǿòǵϢȴǳԵ˾˿ڷǳ٣ħսñ֮󣬽ľ֮
ƽʱûܽģռĶǿҲ޷ΪǧûܴԽĺ
ΣͶ˹Ϊ˸Ů񣬽ټеǿħޣַͶţ˳һã
ַľз𾪣ڶʮ鷨ʵĹ£һʴԲҲᱻɱǰĹ̫죬ȻܽеĹԭ·أھܲ
ַĹ֮ھ鷨𾪶ѣţչֱоκˣ
ͣ
Ϊ׵ľֹͣڷַ硢ţ˾롣
ַͶţҲûж֣˸;ΪУֻҵ˹ѡ
úƽƽʱһֻ϶Ĳַ֮ʱȴѹŭ⣬ַҪҵ֮ʱΪһͻȻŭֱɱˣ
ַѾ뵽˹͸СѾ;˷˳ͻ


253 ֮
Ϊ׵ľĿ˸ĶŶţеչλ£еǺɣ
ַºͶţˣԭֹͣΪţϵչ
Թǵԣڷһս֮УţһоħԣΪ׵ľԶţеչȤ
ţĵ񹭣Ϊչ̹ŵھŴʦԶʮ֮һɲЩֲڵħɱȵģ
ħ˵ɴֲڣκ˵һŹˣǰĶţֳչʸ˵Ļ
Զʮչ
еľ𾪣ǵħչȻǲȵģÿ֮жĽĹâĽûһ˿̰ľ飬ǾԲȥ᲻ԼĶÿеħԼģھеҲֻԼĶģţȥﾫħЩ鶼Ը⣡
𾴵ĸ£ܿеչô
Ϊ׵ľһǳҪ󣬵ǳ𾴣Ŀ֮Ҳϡ
ַͶţͬʱȻ˫Żڽ֣һ̾ȻҪеʲô
ţҪܾҪƿڴǶţ֮еչڵһʱֹ˶ţ
ֻ뿴չѡһǲὫ˵ĶռΪеġ˵ˣҺȥҲûκô
չԣţܲˬĽչݸΪ׵ľ顣
ллҵΡΪ׵ľǳ
ӹչΪ׵ľϸĴţֳֹСĸŹÿһλЩƲסļֵԼʶ̽չÿһ֣ʵأ죬ɲ֡
ùùù
Ϊ׵ľͻȻù쳣ƺһ󺰽Լ޷ļͷ˳
֮Ϊ׵ľķǳ˫ֽչݸ˶ţ
𾴵࣬ӵ֮˱ʵ£ӵһޱȻȵĳ֮ģഫչˣظ¾˵ת𾴵λ£ҽаٶǾĴϣŶǾʧҴλ³ֿĵǸ
ַͶţһ㶣ת̫ˣһԲϷսͣսʾãַͶţĴһʱת
Ȼַжϣ⾫鳤Ѿĳַʽжϳ˲Ǿĵˡ
Ըһ߹ţȻˣͻԥĵǸ㣬Щǿġܻ˼Լݵλһ߸ϵ˸ݵͺܶ˵Ǹܶġ
ַʱ𾴵ľ£ҽַ磬ҵĻţطŵֻһѣȻѾǺ;һΪѡҪҵˣǸµǵѣǸ׺ħʦǵĵˡ
ٶЦַ磬֮ǰ˵ǸħʦǵľŮ֮ǵľŮд˾Ȼھ¶뺦Ů
˵ٶЩŭҺǵŮо֮Ȫѹס˶ԣһȾƵλ鶼жˣɱʱǾսһ֮ˡǸߺ󲻾ãһǵŮҪǵŮΪħʦһˣˡλ¸ʱˣΪǺ͹һˣôɱΪǵ˱ǲǵˡ
˹ˣǸСȥأ
ء
ʱԶһŽ֮
ٶʱַͶţλ£ŮмٻǻȥλĻԵǾͣһúõдλ
ٶ룬ȻȥţչúõооչĹһħޱȣ
ַЩ⣬ÿͣǾȥͣѵ˹һô
ַٶ£ѵƾǵһ֮ʺһѹ϶ǲǾĵôǲҲΪŮ
ٶЦλţǾһ֮ʱҾ֪ǲǵˡǽһȻ֮ǳ˽⣬һ塢ϢʣһˣôܻǾĵأ
ԭˣַ绹Ϊء
ַЦȻʢ룬Ǿ͹ˡ
ɭ
ʮӺַ˾ס
һŵľ޴֮ϣһ뾫µСݣЩƯСǻӶųǳĳգƯ۾İࡣ
ַʽ飬гģ
УСǵĳ©ģǵĳɳͻὥĽصڣǳɳһٶʱ򣬾ͻȫءǺ͵սʱ򣬾ͻͻ᳤˳ľ飬ǵƶٶֵͬʮϣǵħɱͬ׾٣

ַͻȻҲӵһ˫Сèûߣʲô㣬ǳ;жԼ˳ж㣬ҪսԱ
ַܵ뷨޾֮Ͽշӡħ֮ڵΪȡȵõħڶħ֮ȥ޾֮ƽӡܵõħ֮
Ȼľ޴գռĹ߷ǳ֦֦Ҷ֮洦ɼִˮͻƶɲʴˮϵһͷһƯˮơ
洦ԿһЩɰСһЩ޴ħĿ£һЩСЩȻȥ׷棬Щħ޸⡣
һжôгƽһжȻΪһ壬ɷָһ塣
ܿ죬ľַǿַͶţ֮ʱЩŭ⣬ЩŭȻǿңַоɱ
ྫ鶼ǳˣм۾׵ģȻǿ˺ܾɵġ
ϣô
ϣѾ˱ɱôԴ
ϣûһǺˣ

ྲٶҲŵİˣ˲ǵˣǵѡһе඼ǵĵˣҲе뺦ǡ
ϣˣȥŮĶַˡʱһɿž޴ɫն
ٶæʵϣô£
Ů֮ǳ֮ǰŮ˾Ȫˮֻѹ˶ԣζȪˮҲЧ΢Ƕûа취
ٶתַͶţλǸˣдλɪúдǵĹ͡
ַ缱æٶ£ҶҽоҵĻҿԸǹȥ
ַ粻ʲôҽϵȪˮԽ򶾣
ϿַͶţʰٶϣʲôˣ˵֮䣬ϴŵ⡣
ٶϵ˵ͷǾѡλַ磬λţ
ϵĻϵĵʧĿִַɨĵȻַ¾ͨҽôλҲһɡ
ϵȻַŮ֮а취ȻȥҲûʲô
ŮĹɭ֮һù֮ڡ
һ޴ĳǱһ㣬ַʮ˴һ޴룬ȥ֮һء
мƽ֮һžµķ£ľǶæԼ顣
˳˵ڶ㣬˵ڶ㣬ʮæµŸŮƽⶾ֮ҩɫǳѿ
ٶȥͼҩʦһᣬѯŮĲ飬ǸһĪչü
Ǳ㣬һ͵ڶһ㾫סŮڵĹ֮С
ȵһ͵ڶСĺܶ࣬һϰƽ׵Ŀ䣬ʰ쳣ɾ
һ޴ҡ֮ϣŮ˯ţԱߵļľŮߵĵĿŮСʲô
ٶϺַ硢ţ˹ȥ
ַͻȻһָоָоѪĸоͺԼ׵һ㡣
ַĿָо䵽˾Ůϡ
þµףʥַ
ַѾȷ⾫ŮħŮ
ϣôٶһľ鼱еʵ
ϣˣһֱڵ㡭λǣϵĿַͶţϡ
ǵѡٶ໥һ
ϡʱֹ˰ˣŮ֮ڵҩʦûмֶҩѾŮһŮѾŮĹֶȪˮҲ޿κΣȪˮֻʱѹƶԣ޷ŮѾһһҹûκΰ취ŮѣټȥɢȫŮͳΪһˣԶ˯
ŶϵĻٶɫ䡣
ٶֵʳָָ˾ŮţƬ֮ɫһƬҡ
ŮѾߣѾŮľ֮ڡ
ٶĻû˵꣬˶ףŮѾ˳˯Ҳ˵ѾΪһֲˣ
һɱ˵Ϣɢռ䣬Ů˯ȪҲŮĳ˯ʼɿݣ֮ħֻῪʼɱеĺгᱻƣֻһƬң
ŭȣ࣡޳ܵ࣬ŮôÿͣӽдȻıŮɱλˣһҪ
ʱҲҧгݣǾڴǧΪ˶࣡ǰĺǧħޱɱͬʱǵŮ⡭ȻıҪԸǾ壡
һһ߹ţ㷢ŭҲŬĶԼ
ŭİɣǸħʦӲǵģû뿪ãֻҪ뿪һ׽ס
źʹȻͨõһһľܸǴϢֻҪھ֮ڣӲ۾
ԡԱһֱûпڵַʱǰĿֱϡ
£롣ٶǳ
ûǰΪŮⶾŮ֮ûʶȫ˾ǵⷶΧǴʱֻҽһ˿Ͷһϣ
ϼæȵȣ˭಻˺Ůģ
ھһ㶣ŮǱһħʦħʦ֮ʱҲǷǳ˭Ҳû뵽ھˮ¶ڣ˭ָұ֤಻ǺŮģ
ٶæϣ˵ǵѣҵĻ㲻ô
ŭϣ඼ǲŵģǧû࣬ڽӶĳ֣һԸǾ壡ϣһ⣡
ַʱңЩҲҵ£ǾŮĶһмְյģǲңҲ¡
ϾʲôŮĶаգ
ַͷʶѾ̽Ůе֮
֮Ǿ½Ŵ涾֮һ񾳽֮£ֻҪж֮ˣΪжṦɢÿ״ֲ̬ˣ֮ûӦҩҪⶾַһ񾳽Ƴڶҵ˵еȪˮַ֮Ȫˮ


254 Ů
ַ絭ЦţܶǰǵǸĻһǵŮ
ŭһǸҸһǸ룡
ٶŶϣַǾΨһϣŮĳ˯֪ǾĺôǸ
ҧгݣ࣬ҸǸ֮ⲻŮĶҾɱ㣡
ŶвôҽأҪô
¶ŭַ磬æַַΪŮȥ綾ַ½ΪǾһԶѣֻҪǾеĶҪʲôǶԸ㡣
ãҵҪǳ򵥣Ҫ֮ġ
ٶһ㶣֮ԭӡĺǰǿƳĺӡʱɳ˴սħǰȥֹǽ໹ȡ˾֮ģڴͬʱǸħʦǰԸŮ
ַҵ˼˵֮ԭܲ͸ң
Ȼԣܶؾ֮ģܾȻŮ£֮ǻ˫ַ͡
϶ַҪٴȷһ¡
Ұٶǵģһ˵㻰
ַѾõ˾֮ģǾ֮ʼǾʥܵõ֮ĵȨþ֪Լ˾֮ģһԼΪУԣַʴ˲ôһҪ
ַһһɫַС
֮ģ
ھ󾪣˶ŭַ硣
ҲҪᡣַ⾫֮ҴӱģЩɱħ޵࣬ѾȫɱϷ˵ģֻҪҾȻǵŮ£ž֮ľҵˡ룬ҵȻԲѾ֮óҲ֪ΪѣҲʵ棬ҾȲǵŮ£⾫֮һỹǾ塣
ַⷬôҲŰ
ϣ㻹ΪŶǵʧǸǲǲǵŮѣ
ǰһĿЩĿַ磬ַ£ΪҸղŵʧǸ
ȻڵǸĿǳ䣬һǸӡ
ǺǡַЦϣǸܸеɣ㲻ǸͲҪǿҲҪǿԼ˲ϲΪˡ
ŭģԼݸһǸѾ棬໹š
ַ£ԲǸϵλϿңԾװġ
⻹࣬ðɣҴдԭˡַֻǹ϶ѡ
㡭Ͽըˣַĵôߣһ취ûС
ַߵŮҡߣʳָָŮţý̽Ůơ
ɵַָʳָӴŮ֮ʱַѪĸоӵǿҡ
˵ĸоѪŨˮĸоر䣬ѪϵԶı䣡
˯֮еľŮͻȻ͵һ۾ĿĿַ硣
ŮˣŮˡ
ھ鶼ǳǶ벻ףʲôûǰѰŮôأ
˭Ůǰһ뷢ŭַֺһѪĸоŮ޷ȥŭ
Ů£ҽַ硣ַǳᣬ˵֮䲻ԾĴһů⡣
ҽн˼࣬ǡʶ𣿡
˼ࣿôһ֣Ƕ֣
ַԺ˼˼Ůĸ׽нζʱħֽĩࡣ⾫ŮǰУȻԼŮ˸˼࣡
ַҡҡͷ΢ЦŮ£ǵһμ棬һ࣬϶ûм
˼ҡͷҾԼ㣬ģҵĵܵܣҵ׵ܵܡ
ַȻҲУ
Ůˣôܵأµ֮˺ҳƶѰˡ
ַڿɲͽ˼ϣ˼ħŮϵĻǸˣַһħ
ҵĵܵܣѪĸоԲǾһȻ֮ܵΪУҲоģҵ׵ܵܣ
ھ鶼ͳĴģѵŮԷ־壿ǿŮ飬־ӣ
ַ缱æŮ£һϴˣ࣬Ǿ飬ô׵ܵܣ
˼ɫǳʹ࣬Ҳָ֪оǲģźһѪǾˣʵ
ַʵŮ£֪ĸ˭ô
ھŮ˭ûһ֪Ҳ˾ǧ֮ã
ʱַͻȻʳôһ仰оĶ䶼
˼ҡͷ֪ҴСҵĸףҵĸ˭ÿҵĸֻȻᣬĸһֱϸҸ˭ǧǰһ죬ĸͻȻ˵ҪȥҸףһȥҲûлȻ˼Ů񣬺ħϢ֮ǿ߽ǾãǵһҪǸϾɱ֮ʱһصĺӳ˾壬һСԣһоͽеȫɱǵľҲֻʣİˡ֮ӽԼ˳ӡһ֮£ԺƬͽĺ֪ǸӵǾʥﾫ֮ģҲܵǸӾҸףҪǰȥ֮ʱȴʧҵ֮УʼգֻıӰȴûп׵ò
ַ磬ѵ֪ҵĸ˭
˼ڴĿַ硣
ַֻ̽̽˼֪֪ǲħŮһַ̽ҲͷˣֻҪɱ˶˹ϢͲ©ȥʱͿܺͽ˼ˡ
ַЦҡͷֻʣҲ֪㸸˭
ǾǶףַ϶֪ʲôֻǲԸ˵ѡ
˼̾һѾо綾ӣַ磬ҰɣҸҸ˭϶֪ǧÿ춼֪ҵ˭Ҹ֪ҵĸôģ֮ǰҺ֪ҵĸ˭Ҹ˭ҽ֮λô㣬һľ֮
ϴ󾪣һô֮
Ů£ⲻԣַǵĹͣһࡣ
Ů£ѪԵϵҲܽλһࡣ

ھ׷׷ԡ
ǲҪˣǵŮûأַʱŮ£ڣҲ¡¡
ַóһƿȪˮСĸ˼ȥ
Ȫˮһǣ˼оЩߵϸԸоõٶȸգžѨλÿ֯ʼٸԭ
ֻǶ̶̵ļӹ󣬽˼ѾȫԭȪˮûʧڳ׵ĸıŽ˼ʡ
˼ҡ֮Ϸ£վǰɢһߵϡ
ǶоԼѾȫָұǰӾ
ԣŮ֮Ѿȫ
˲ͣŮеı֮׻⣿
һжһ㣬о鲻š
⡭ʲôҩ
˼һʻʵַ磬ոҺȵʲôʥˮȻǾľȪˮ
ȪˮַĿص³ĸ֡
ʲôȪˮ˵֮еȪˮ
½Ŵҩ֮һ
أղŸŮһƿ찡

ھٴα𾪵ԸӣĿĿڴĿַ硣
ǵŮѾȻˣǾ֮ľҵˣûʲôɣ
˳ĬȻûκ
ַ£ΪŵʧΪǸַԭ£
ʱϵĸַǸΣϾʵ⣡
ˣԭˣǵŮѾȫԭˣܰһССæô
˼ϵĵַ磬ʲôֱ˵Ǿһȫ
Ů£ҪҵǸħʦ˹ҵ֮УһҪ
ħʦɱˣҲ޲ŭȡ
˼ྲĿַ磬ַ磬ллҡԴȥǸħʦ
˿̵ַѾ˾ĴˣַҪŮȻ
˼Űʺַɭ
ÿһ·ЩСȥѯʣЩСͻһЩָʾ
ʱ֮󣬾׷Ѱ˶˹λá
˹һȻѨ֮ˡ
ǰ˹¶Ůɱжľ飬°߾ŮŮþȪˮѹסԺͶ˹սپ飡
٣˹ֻһˣȻ˹һʥʹԽռһħʦΧ֪
˹ߣһʥ޷ʵĹ
Щǧ߼ǧϹΪʥҲмλ޷ӵʥľа취Ʒɱ˹
˹֮ǳģԼдˣΪԼʥľ磬Ҫ׽Ů׾֮£û뵽ǣŮȻһλʥ֮Զʥû㵽Ȫˮ
˹ʧˣֻܰжһɽˣû뿪á
˹˵ɽǳΣټԼȫطأֻҪԼȥ˭ҲҲ
˹û뵽һȻһĹͨͽܵϵõһһľľ鶼ǳϤ
˹ַվڶڴ
ڵĶ˹һǣȻַ֪ˣʶ̽󣬷ĸʥͰʣ
˹󾪣ַô;һô֪£ôҵɽ
˹ûʱ룬˿̵ûлָֻǻָ֮ѡ
ħʦʹħȻķѵǾǵҲڤ˹ϵƿȪˮȥָǾ޷ȪˮȥָֻҸطȥָû뵽ǣַ;˻ҵ
˹ֻ߳ɽַɱûлܡ
˹һ˾ŮúõվԼǰѾ²ַȪˮ˾Ů
ַ絭ĿŶ˹Щĵ˹ѾɱˣǵҲˣ֮ҲԣȰ㻹ǽŮһ˿񣬸Ůô޵ǽҺˡ
ַĻö˹о𣬶Ҳ𾪲ѣԭħĻ᳤븴Ů
ʲô˵ˣַ֪Щܣö˹𾪣
ǣǱɱһֵˡַ˵ķƵ˵һԼ޹صһ㡣
ַ磬ô֪Щ㵽ʲôˣ˹˿̶ַҲ˻ɣܴһͨˣ̶ʱ䣬ɳܺĴʥĵز֪Ů¼ûصݣܣ
ʲô˸ҪҪǡ˹Ҫˣ
˹Цַ磬ƽ޾ӡҪħѪˣȻܵõ֮ģôݣһħ
һħĿⶼַ磬ô˶ĻôħϹϵ
˼һħһħħŮ뷨ѽ˼Լһ
ַЦ㿴ҵʵݣҲĿ

ֱַӻ޾Ϣϯÿһ䡣
ַ磬ǡ񴫳ߣ˹̲סĿ⾪ֵĿַ硣


255 һ
ǿַ磬϶һ֮ɫúƽȻľǣľǺڰ
аĻ˹ףҲֻſɱ
˸㡭ַ޾ӡȻǿѪɿƽ⡣˹ǵļƻʧˣеļƻҷɣ˹
˼ʱŭ˹¶ңɱˣ죬һҪֽնڴˣ
˹ȫ亹ôƤЩѶȣҪµĻַ磬Щľ飬˹а취Ը
žŮ˹ϹƽŮ£б£һһƽһսҶ˹ҲŮʵ
кβң˹룡˼ǰ֮гһɫĹ١
֮ɢƽ͵ĹâΧ˶оһ˰ϢϢ˵ĸоޱȵʺͰݣ˸оϢĻһѣ˿ɵѣ
ôֵĸоַоǳ֣ͺǰһǳõһȴǼֲַ޷Ӧ
޷ϢǴӽ˼еĹٷȻɢַ粻˼දٵҪ
٣Ƿ٣ЩĴ󺰣ˣԭǧǰ͸Ůķ٣
Զʮ֮һķ٣
ٱǸˣ˵ڶħֵٱӦħ壡ˣڶħҲռ䣡Ҹо˷Ѿħħڶħ־ռ䣡
ַʵô£㲻˵ڶħϼħӡô
ĵ˵ħս֮ǰÿռ䶼ħ֮ˣΪħ壬ռħ粢ûл𣬵ʱħҲһħڣħ类ӡħս֮󣬴½ǨڷӡҲ֪ʱұѾɾŽڣһǵħ磡ֻ֪ӡĻħĴħ֮һħǵǰڰǸħŮôܸܵϢħѪһħŮ


Сٻʱô˵ռħ磬ӡħڶħֺ͵Ľھħϼħӡ֮أӦħħֻеھħɣ
ûұϼӡǵڶħ֣ԭһֱŪˣղҴӷϵϢоȻǵڶħֵϢѰҵڶħֻ֣Ҫý˼ķϵϢͿҵŮ񸴻֮ǾȥѰңһҪϼħ֮ǰҵ

˼ҪͶ˹ַ֣缱æֹȵȣŮʱ¡
ַ缱æҪĵô࣬һΧŹɣһһĶԴֻܵĻᣡ
˹ʲôַǳǷʥһύս֮ʱûᣬʥٶȻ߿ռܾûģַɲö˹ߣ
ȻŮ϶ʥмΪǿߣǶ˹֮ǰǿߵΧ֮ѾܵһΣȻаܵڶΣ
޴뷨
˶ַĻЩмΪǱ޳ܵȻʹ޶˹ǵȻŮѾܣȻ֣νĹƽԡ
ظ뷨Ҳֻо
˹ô˴һðȻҪʤ࣬Ҷ˹žǣһϰɣ
˼ĳַ翴һַۣ磬ɱˣұɱȻսͳȫҪɱԱ´ࡣ
ַ˵ͷƺо˼аɱ˹
ţס˹ÿռʲôħܣչ
˹ҪֽɱѪˣ
˼໰䣬Ŀļ䣬ֳ٣ǰ޳ָ֮ȥ
ħ
һ֮صĻ˵ַ꣬оԼƲס˼
˼ĿǶ˹Χ˶ܵ˷ٵӰ졣
ߵܵӰ첢󣬺ľ׼Ůֵһ̶ԼľԿšħӰ졣
ַͶţҲֻ΢ܵӰ죬ַĽ;˺ܴãַľ״̬ţչҲڵһʱ䱣˶ţľţҲ˺һѣκָܿ
̵Σٱħħ֮ôôǿҵʶܵӰ죡鲻ıԹš
Сٻñϴ꣬ѾħħȫǴľԸħʦõ˼ΪҲʥĹǴƻԵ㳬ʵҲᾪʥصˣΣ˹ˣ
ַڲףŽ˼ĹʥΪľֲûӰ쵽սˡ
սĶ˹ֱܵħĹ˹ʧ룬һȥǾĹһӰε΢
˹ûʹκħΪħԾûκЧŮҲһʥǿߣʾĹûκЧã
˹ŮַжϵŮҲʹóԽʵĹ˹ƾԼΪȫߣ
ŮȻþ˹ʥΪĹö˹ʤ
˹еľͷٵĹԿھǳ࣬ǾħֻʹóԽʵħǴƻΪǿ󣬾Իʥصˣ˹ȥʹóԽʵ
Զ˹ȱֻԼľӲ
ʥľΪǿħʦΪ˹ɢޱǿľͷٵľ֯һ
ײ˲䣬ռһϸСѺֲۣƲǿ󣬵ֱ嵽ڳÿĵס
ԲǧڣЩСħֱЩħҲܵӰ죬еıιȥеıѪ־ҡ
ƺ֪ᷢ״ϴѳ룬ַͶţûߣڵȫԿľ
˼ĵһб˹˹ȥ֮һľ
˹ħһʽٽһУ
˼޳ָٴβŷٵҡ
һɹ˵ĶڣЩܿ컯ε˹ķ˹ȥ
ַͶţһʱסԼĶ䣬ùԼټϽչĵֵַͶţоһѣΣε
˹ٴʹ˾ԿطٵĻָԼľһ͵ľӶ˹ü˳ٵĹȫӭȥ
ˡ
ûоҵıըҲûдݻ٣ֻһ֮˵Ķ
һ̣˼Ķ˵εѪƴ˼ȻռϷ磬˿Ҳˡڿնּҡ
˹ղŵĹֱɣѪԱ׻һ㣡˿оæ߶ħߵʹܶȥһռᡣ
ţǿ׷ܣ
ַͶţһѪ˵ľһ֮һǿʶ˹ķ׷˹ȥ
̰ǹ£
һ
ַԥʹǽ˹ķ˹ȥȻַ粻Ҫ˹ǿҶ˹ܵĿռԪأʹÿռ߶ѣ
޾ĽĻԼķϯΧĿռԪرң˹еĶ΢ͣһ£Խú˵ʱ򿪿ռߣڿռ䲨䲻ȶʹÿռᣬпܱռѷ죡
ڶ˹ͣ͵˲䣬һâ߻˹оΣգȻ󼱴ܣ˽âĹǷеĿռѾɡ
˿̣˼һѾߣ
˹㻹ܣȥɣ
ħʽӷ֮б޾ľ񹥻ö˹Щֲһס
˹ŭһ򣡡
˹ʹԼħǶ˹ԼԽж
ǳԽ緶ΧǴ˿̵Ķ˹ѡʹԼľڶԷĹȫ
Զ˹Ϊģ׵ķΧ֮ڳһıɫĻٵĹɫĻֻ֮ʮԶͱƬʧ
ŵ죡
ڶ˹ͬʱַʹ˾ŵ콫ţڣַͶţ˻Ǳ˹ֱӳ飡
ַͶţص˶˹֮⣬˵ȫûһ˿֮ȫڽӴ˹һ˲ͺľַľŵ޷ʥһ
ַͶţڵȫ飬ѣȫľϸ֮ȫ
֮е鱣˵꣬˿ȥүͲȥˡ
ַóƿȪˮ˷ֱ£ȫҲüٶȻָţת֮䣬
𷽲Ŷ˹ַ£ַʥ֮£ԼһֻϣȫһŲϣ
˼Ц˹ʹʥ
ʲôңҲҪʹ÷ʥһҪɱʧ֮Ϊƽأ
˹ףһʹ˷ʥһжɻͷŮʧܣԼֻһôȻҪᣡ
һ죡
˹ʹԼĴУǷʥΪĽ䣡
Ŷ˹Χ¶ȼձãã𺣣𺣼ɢӵʱã
˹𺣵ķΧһֱʧ֮ӡ
˼ջ˷٣Խ䣬ԿʼĶ˹Ѿ󣡽˼Ҳ׼ʥս˹ԶľҲ׷˹׼ԼƬ԰
ڳˣھҲ޷ƿ˹
죬ǾԶʧ
˹ѾˣҪԼһ
̵ģ˹㲻ô
ռһѷ챻˺ʥڳ֣ţ
ʥ֮ǰʧ֮صĴս֮󣬲ûǰý֪ͨλϣ
֪£Լһ˾ģ
ϲδ໰λ˹˹ȥվ˶˹Եλȫ߶ųԽ֮Ϻȥ
˹ϵĹ֮½ļʱ˹Ľ䡰һ족ҲĽ׶Σ
ʹõʥصطרŶԸЩʹóԽռطԴɳԽռռĿռԪȶɴ
ǣڶ˹ʹõĽ䣬ıʧ֮ػữΪƽأҪƻĿռռܵӰ죬ͻֿռԪشƽ⣬ɿռ
һռͻӦȫΧھͻִ𡢺Хɽѡ½Ươ
˹֣ͣǿһ·ŭ
˿Ҳûκΰ취Ǹ޷ڶʱƿ˹򣬿˹ȫƿ֮ǰһ죡
˹˷ʥһ죬ôһѣ


256 ľ㣡
ȫԸƻ˹򣬶˹ǳиɻԪˣγһķѭҪȫƻҲҪӵʱ䣬ڼʱû˹϶Ὣһɣһɣʧ֮ؾͻữΪУе˶ɳ
ַڶθܵʥǿ󣡵һΣǺͷǽս֮ʱǱƵĽ鸽壬֮ʹʥľУһ֮ڴݻУһַ̣ԸܵʥȫԽݻٵ
˿ַ̣ٴθܵһʥʥռ򣬾ͬΪʥϺ;ʥǿ߼Ҳ޷ڶʱƿħֱԻأ
ַţаλʥͬʱͷŽ䣬ͻᱻһʣ
һգձһƬĺһ֮д޴磬磬ÿһͰڵﻯΪУ
٣ԽռѾ𽥸ı˿ռ٣ʥ٣ʥ֮£У˲ҷ
ַ硢ţھڶϵ磬˼;ʥǿˣҲŲ˶ã
ϸļ٣Ϊ˻ȫƻŶ˹
ʱˣʹ򣡡ĻַԺ
ʲôʵΪƶ˹򣿣ôַصĻɣԼΪȥһʥǲô
ڻбİ취ô㲻֣˶һʩչɣĿռ򱻴ƣԻᱻݻ֮һҪ֪Уʲô򶼿ԸƣİɣҸȫԸ򣬵ʱֱӸƶ˹ײͻƽ⣬ʱʥصϲĳ־㣬Իûµģǲ㣬ġ
ַһ˾ԱߵĶţȥ֧ԮЩ飬Ӧ
ַ˵꣬˹ķ˹ȥɲԼͬʱһ°Ѷţ;Ǹɱ
򣡡
ַдһϵͽȻַΪģһɫԲѸɢת֮䣬γһ׷Բǿ
֮бĿԴݻһе޾һλʥȫʩչ
ַ糤ĺһ˿̵ַѾӵ˶˹ȫԸܵһʥǿ
ָоͺزڽ£Ҿ죬ҾǵأΪϣ
ǣϾԼַźһҲҪӵزڽ£
ַı仯˶𾪵ĵ°͡
⣬ʲô
ַôҲһʥ
Ҫʲô߳˹
ͬʱ󾪣ܣ
ַ˹ȥͬʱϴ𣬡ϣƿһǵþң
ѾĶ˹һ죬֪Լʩչ䣬ԼҲҪ군ûа취ҪԼһ
ڶ˹Ҫɽʱַ̣ϯԼ˹
ܡ
ܣôᡭôҵ
˹˫֮г𾪡ã˼顢ţ˾֡־壡
ÿƾԼÿ˵ǲһģϣͲȫͬ
Ǵ˿ַ̣Ѿ˵ⷶΧ
ûʱ룬Ϊһ룬ַѾͶ˹ݺݵײһ
䣡
ײһ˲䣬֮˱ըǱըΧ󣬽ͬںһ
ַоԼڿٵţֱһ飬ô£
ȫӸ˹ʱɱӣ˹ƲסͻԱ
Ա
ԣԱһʥԱǳ£һ˵ıըԣʱҪСˣûü㣬ֻҸ塭
ַоԼڿٵʧ˹Ѹٵͣǵһַ磬Ȿַһ㡣
ַ磡ң˹ŭ
ľ㣡
˹оԼַѸٵͣɱӣܿ͵Լ޷ƵıԵ
޷ƣʧغȫص˵壡ֻһԼԼű
Ǵ˿̣Ѿ޷ıʵ˹Ѿ޷
ַ磡
˹һĿȫǶַԹޣʱԵ˹ԲԸַˣ
ʱⲻᵹ
ַһ˿ɢͬʱ˹Ҳȫһ˲ع鵽˶˹塣
䣡
ıըֱӽƬըһϿȣ״ļɽһ˲ѣʧ֮ʮһ㣬޾ӣӴκһ˲仯һƬ
ˣ
ͬʱ֣һƬƬ֮С
ַ类˳ʧȥ˫ȣϸˣ
ãַȪˮַվ˵ʹַĿļ²ѡ
ڶ˹Աһ˲䣬޿ɵַ̲סϢϢַһʧȥˡϣ
ʥ̫ˣַڶ̶̵ʮڣηʥĹ
ַͻȻоԼΪ̫ˣûн飬Լħûôõַ綼֪Լ˶ٴˡ
ַΪԼǿһδεĽӴʥĹַ˲СĴִӰַľֻΪַǰĶ
ҪǿһҪǿַĵ׷ź
Ŷ˹һ䱻ϣĻ𺣶ʱʧ֮еҲ֮ʧһָֻƽ
ʱľѾŵըһƬ棬Ůھ鶼棬Ĳѡ
ҲѹоȪˮֻҪǶţʱ䣬һжḴԭ
ŮĻûֻҪоȪˮֻҪڣؽ԰ֻʱ⡣
ʱ֮˺һѷ죬һɫӰѷ˳ƯڿС
˰׷룬ʥصϴŴһ˿ŭʥϡ
ҽһ£⵽ô£ŵħô½Ķദ̬ƻ˲ءٵԴͷȻħô½ǵ磡ô£
Ŀ֮еǿߣû𣿣Ѿˣħô½£ʲô£
㡭ʲô̬ȣ˱Ĳᡣ
ħô½ʥصˣŵħô½ҲܵӰ죬˾ͱԼħô½ʥ֮˵ݣռ䣬һ㣬û뵽ûˣһھ˶ӡ
ϼռ飬ħô½Ȩ֣κʣȥʥǵʥˣ
ĲУãܺãһʵʥˣ
˵꣬ˡ
˶óʥص˺ħô½ʥص˲ϣǷǳϣϵĻ˵һʼԡ
ϵĿʱͬʱַ磬ַڡ
ǰַĵַ磬ζлʲô£ܿʥҡ
š
˵ţóһƽַ硣
ʥ
ӵʥصʥʥ٣
ôõĶַȻ
ϣЩװɡ
ϣʥʥ
ϡ
֮⣬λ϶ԴϵʥʥĲʥˣʥأʥԵһʥԲ⴫ʥ˳ȥô˵õ롣
ŭһǶס죡ʥչأʥشʥҵʥѵҪΥô
ϣʥʥʥǾԲ⴫Υʥ
ʥϣʥģǻģ¼˹һɣռ䶼ܵӰ죬˼һһѣʱ˭Ҳ𣬾ʥҲܵӰ죡ַ°˶˹ʥصĴˣݶ飬ʥص˲ûô
ĳϵϣַµȷʥصĴæʥصĸŵرǧַѡֻҪʥõóı͸ַ£ַҪʥسϣҶ˵ͿλøʥʥԲԸַ¡
˵ûϵϴ󣬻ջس
ջسϺ峤ͬȰ
ŭһѾˣ飡
ʱĿɨĸϣ˵ĸϴдô˵Ҫַ籦ǰɣʲôַд˵֮еȪˮʥصЩõóô
һǴ˵е룬һϹצʥصЩޣǺ˼óô
ʲôװַղűսǼס𣿻Ҫʲôװô
˵ģַʥصĳϣַôʥ׿Ҫַĵӣ״ӣַ綼ܾˣΪַϡʲôʥسô
ôĸʲôַ磿ô˼ô飿͸ַʥʲôϸͳȥǾͷԣûаѴϷûаѴʥݷʥڳʥľǸ˵һ仰ôǸҷô
ǲҪǣʥ˱չ֮ʱ˵ϴھʥʹʥһȨѵĸûаʥĻô
ߣַѾʥѵǵĴˣžĶˣʥΣ֮еĶ˽ʥóô
ַ緽ų֣Ϊ˹ĽһһƬңϼħ٣ٳô£˭ܸΣʥóȥ£
ַ緽ų֣ȫˣǼǻ˵ô
ǵ˵˵ʲôȨʲôʸ񷴶ϴľ
ϵһ˵ĸϵɫ䣬ȫ졣ʵҲΪʥ룬ǾַַʥٴæҪ󶼿ԴӦǲΥʥ£
ϵĻĸ϶޴ӷ
ϵĻޱȣﶼһʥѡεĳϣʱж⣬ΪʥֻǿΪѣڿز¶
ϸϸһ룬ʥسٶһһֱһЩϲԸ£һЩûκѹС£ʥڲĸַ֡ĴΪѾ˼ϴԼְλͣҲʥصκ˷ͻ
͵ĿϣԺʥصĶˣ
ɶϴûɣһ㶣ŵĿŴϡ
ûԺȨʥֻ֮¡
ʱνǸϽΧһеˣ´ӲϲͣΪλߣ¶ҪȥͣǾǲλˣ
ʥΪεˣÿαչضʥеȨϡ
²ϰʵԶԣֱǿӲ̬Ⱦ˴£ԻĴһ񣡶ϳ棬ǡʱ⿪ԣϻϵһУ϶ϾԿλã
ĸϿЦû۾ףжǳˬֻǲˬû˵˵Ƕ޴ӷ
ַ£ʥԶѣأ
ء


257 
ʥصߺַһʱ嵽Ѿƽıըֳҵ˶˹Ŀռָ
˹Ŀռָ˼ϸСѺۣռָǼƷռ侧ʯ죬ŴʦķģҲܲסʥԱĳ𻵡
ָŵĶ󲿷ֱݻ٣ֻʣһЩħħʯһħʯҵһɫСӣŮ
ЩⶪǬַȥŮ
ַͶţ˼
ʱԶһɫӰٵ˹
С
СַͶţͷ˸кֱӷ˽˼ǰһɫǳŮ£ǽ⿪֮Ľҩ
С˵꣬˹ȥ
ַſСɫѾɰתңƷǳأⲻһƣģ
ַ缱æǰСƣСܼ͸ַ֧缱æСȪˮСŽ˹
С֮󣬳ַ˵лл˽˼ǰŮ£ĸⶾĽҩȻڵĶѾڵĶػûһ֮ڱⶾҪȻŮ𣬽ΪԾ
˼ַ֪СַѣСΪԼҵҩĵһůԼƼˮ꣬ΪҪԼ
˼֮Ѿллĺ⡣
С˿ѾĺɫæŮ£ĶȷȪˮ֮ڵĶظ޷ȪˮáҲܳ׵Ĳжڻһʱһʱ֮޷Ů֮ڵĶأֻҪôһĶأͻӰŮԺΪŮ£һһԼꡣ
˼Űɣ˼ùԼ꣬ʼʱûʲôǽĸоԼĳһεһЩϸСӣЩϸӦӦ֮Ķأ
֮ĶѾ˼ϣԽ˼ʱûκӰ죬˼Ϊһֱֹڴˣô֮Զᷢ˼Ҫͻʥ磬ܴ֮꣬Ϊֹڴˣȫʧ飡
˼ɫȻһ䣬Լ֮ڹȻܵʴ
С΢Ц̺СװֻҪŮ½Щת߹꣬Ȼ֮ڲ֮Ķء
ַȻ˵Сһֱˣԭһȥ㡮ȥˡӵеһǴģ
ַҲ֪˼֮ڲһЩأЩػûʲôӰ죬ֻԺ취СȻһ˳
˼ಢûнӸСĺӣŸС㵽ǺˣΪң
Ϊϲ㡣СͻȻðôһ䣬ͬʱСɫЩ΢죬ĿЩܣֱӽ˼۾
ַͶţǳ𾪣ϲŮ
˻϶׷״ŭɫһ˵ϲǵŮǶŮµ£
ַףСһ˵Ĩǵˣôǰ˵ķǳʣ˼ݱضǾŮ
˼Ҳ˵ĺΣŭգ΢ŭСҺδʶ˵ϲң̫ˣǾŮԲϲһ࣡
Сƽĵϲ㣬ȻܾûƣÿЦò˼顭һʵɸıתʵǰҾϲ㣬Ҿ֮п㣬Сϲ˯ҡϲԡʵϲÿ˯ǰһȪˮϲһ˳˼ϲĳϲë׵Сϲ
ˣ˼ҧгݵĴ˸СĻߣ
Сͷǡ
ߣȻǴ˵֮еߡ
˵Կκ˵˺ֻء
ھ۷׷ף𾪲ѡ
ЩǵĿˣһͨϲǵŮǿ϶ͬ⣡ߵĻǾۡ߳ΪһԱôĸָտɴ
˼ĿĶŸСЦôѵԶʮ֮һ͵˽ôС̫ˣ
ҡСЩңŮ£Ҳûп˽⼸˼ѾһϰߣҺǣһߣעһҶ㣬ʱδƻתƻǾԣڲųּ㡣
ߣŮŭһ澵ӾܾҵôҺδʶҲԶһϸߣҲ뿴㣡
СһˣŮ£㲻Ҳԣ⡮¡
ߣҲҪĶ
Сֱ䳡֪롣
ַ缱æǰԮСһߣһСе½ҡ
Сַȥͽ˼˵˼䣬Ϳ˼Цˣֱϥù
ַ߹֮󣬸Сʵַ磬ô£ƴƴȥҵˣٽף˵еǣҺ˼ŮӦ÷ǳжԻңΪνߣȥ֮Цˣ
ַȻСҲ̫ˣʲôϲƣȴƲŮ˼
ַ§סСļС˼ǾŮǰҲδ㣬˵컨׹ôƴƴȥҽҩ˼һΪ㷢أߵݣŮҵ㣬ҹѾˣҪ㼱ʲô
СҼΪߣҸҺŮΪľӦҵ˼ҺעһԣӦþܾңߣѾ𣬾˺һûҵİһʱӦþܾң
ַǳһһ׳գʲô鶼ϲƣǸܼϱĶô
ַСŮǿľٸߣĻȻףʼһŮˣŮ˶ҪԼȥͱģǽһЩڵǿӵȥϲͺúöԹ޻ڵĸȻܵסҪȥǵĸ飬Ҫȥ͵˵˽
û͵˵˽
ַĺܣ˵ףҲ˵ˣ֮ϲһŮҪģоϲ㰮ҪᣬҪʹ࣬ô
СͷˣҸղѾˣȥǸ
ַһߣһץס˸СôôڸһأڻȥǸֻ㣡
ַָСһЩ飬ʵַ籾Ҳ鲻ַ࣬Լĸ鶼һͿ
˼֮в֮
֮󣬽˼˸СǰмĵлȬ˴ǾΪԺõǾĵطǾ嶨ȫ¡
ַ˽˼֮󣬽˼ҲûôĸлΪڽ˼Уַ׵ܵܣԼˣԼ˾ͲҪôףַʲô£˼ȻȫЩǲҪ˵ģ
ǶڸС˼ʼհˣҪġ
СŮ£ҵȷ¡
ʲô£˵
ñ٣;һؽá
˼еΪѣ֪ߵİæؽõĽȻӿܶ࣬뿴ǰˣô˵Լף˼ǳ
һŮ˵ֱԶٿˡ
ѵŮôҪ󶼲ӦôҿŮ±֤֮ھԿԽؽϣ
꣡
о۾һ˼Ŀ֮ҲЩУðɣȻæǾмҴлл㡣
ַͶţŮ
С˾֮椡
ڸСܲܳɹַҡͷ̾ߣκ鶼ϲƣŵĵˮ©ǸϵƵԽ׼ͷֻʵ䷴
ΪߣС׾ٵõõһУκ˵˶ӲģڸϣСһ׳ա
¸ͲܿƵģ

ַͶţֱȥ˹ܲ¾㱸ֻǷ磬ֻҪҵŮ壬ͿԸݼ
ַЩڴЩЩš
̻ʿϢûдȥ֮糣
ҹַͶţӭɪɪڿĴϡ
ǣ½ĳС
һƬƻֵͨˮ
иһְ͵ĸо½ΪĶУ綥ĽԿ
ڹĹ֮£ÿ˶ƽǽķΪ㣬ļ˿ڻǹͽ
һ·ϣʱʱĿԿһЩĽʿ·ͨ˷ǿʿ֮󣬶𾴵
ڹ룬ǳҡ
ַͶţڹ㳡֮ϣԼԼĿԶ޴ĳǱ
ַͶţһ˵ʵӲܣȻ˵ѾĹܲĳԽʵǿߴڣ
һֱַΪУַɱͶ˹Ϣ˳ȥħԻȫĶԸַ磬ԣַ뽫ٵ
ַöţڹ㳡Լʹǧ񹦸ıòһʿ߽˹
һǳ޴ĳǱΪŲ㣬ÿһ㶼סŲͬΪĽʿ
һ·ϣû˻ַݣַ˳˵֮͵͵һ˵ķ䣬֮˴⣬һֱҵھŲ֮
վ˹ߴַ縩Ĵʿһ˿̣һ˿̺ܿɢ
ַ翪ʼ׼ԼľСǬħ䣡
ȵȣҸոʶ̽⵽籣湥Ļľпƿ磬ըǲܵģը㣬棬ʮλǿߣʮڣǺֿĻЩһըЩ˲ôĩҲ͵ˡôӵ㿪ʼըĻڲʱҲᱬը˫֮£֮ڵȫᱻը
Ŷأʱܣ
㣿Ҳᱻը
ַ顣
Ǳķô
黹û˵СٻŵƵǲƣҪƳ磬һʱͻᾪˣʱ㱻ʰΧϵǿߣʱ򣬳˽鸽壬Ӳȥ
ҿ㻹ȥҵŮ壬Ůֱ֮ŮǱݻΪʣ
СٻֵŮڵĽ̻ɿֱӿԽȥ
ַͽ顢Сٻһֻܲ취
ַص㣬һ˵ķóɿģҡڵ߳˷䡣
μ¡
ַ߷䣬ĽʿǶĸַ
ţ񡣡
ַ粻Щֱ¥ȥ


258 ݼ
ַ簲ȫµһ㣬û˻ַðĽ̻ʡ
֮ʶ̽ŵĻַӵһһŽ˵һ㡣
һһֿ⣬洢ŴҩģַԥĽЩȫǬ
ڶſڣվΪĽʿǵɫʿ̡
ڹĵλں֮£Ȼŵģ
ַҡڵ˹ȥ
μ̻ʱ£
ţλˣҪȥŰɡ
ǣ̻ʱ¡
̽ʯ˴ŵڣһ˸ŻĴ򿪡
ַ˽ȥ֮󣬴Żıϡ
ӳַһƬɫĺˮˮ֮ɢܼǧƽ׵Ŀռ졣
ַЩȣǡ
ǹĹȪҪˣҪȪϴ񣬽ɹ֮壬ֻѧϰĹ
ţǸöСٻȪԺо
ʥȪַսǬ
ַ˹ȪռЩ谵ַ۾ǳӦı֮ϵˮĵƹȻ޷͹ȪĹȡ
ʱڶſڵʸо״æ˹
λʿǵĽ̻ʣæΰ񣬡μ̻ʱ¡
ţҪȥ㡣
ߵʵ£ǵĹȪôˣ
λʿȪʧǳĲ⣬Ǵ󵨵ʽ̻ʡ
ַΪȪǧϴ̫˵ʣȪ֮г˷ǳʣЩѾ𽥵Ӱ쵽Ȫԣʱջ˹ȪȵЩʣȪȻ
̻ʱ£Ҷˡ
ţҪȥ㣡
λʲûлַĻԣַ˵ſڡ
šַ˵
λһ㶣һλ£ҲֻԿףδ򿪡
һǳӵĽ磬ûȷķ޷⿪ģֻҪӦԿףĸףûǸĽħ··һΣȻšûԿףҪƽ⣬Ҫӵʱ䣬λҲỳɡ
꽣Ļַ붼û룬ֱӶһѾħߵ˹ȥ
֮ľ룬λʻûзӦħѾͷϣʸоһ޷ܵĴԣ
һ̣λʵĴԱ˸ϡã屻ħ롣
ַһɱʣûб£
ȻλĲԩһʱûаķҲ벻ǵĽ̻ʱ»ͻȻ͵ϮԼڶħÿҵһڣͳɱӣ˿Ǿħʮһ˿ûзѹͿס
ɱλʣַ粢û֣ĿĿһʡ
ֱɵˣʲô̻ʱΪҪɱˣ
ţַٴζһʵ˵
̻ʱ£⡭ΪҪɱ۾ֵĿַ磬Ѿ˷
Ȼʶַ˷ô߸ǰ֮˵ϢоĽ̻ʣ
ַ֮е˹񽣣һʱ䣬ռ䣡
ָʵͷŭ£
ʲΡΡĹ£ڹ񽣵֮£ͷ̧һķڹ񽣵ĳֺ󣬵Ȼ޴档
ǹʥʥһ˶Ҫݣ
ˣ˽̻ʺʮ֮⣬˶ǿͽ
˿̣ǰְλʾǿͽַɱԥȥ
ַҲ湻ˣޱϵĵڣĻԸô
Ը⣬Ըһ񣡡
ã񲻻һ˿ʹ࡭
ַ߸߾˹񽣣λʵͷ­
λʾôɱ֮ǰ֮ޱȵĿȺϣ
ַ̲סһȥ񣡡
Щͽʲô񣬰ǵ꣬Ѿ뵽ǵַ籾ǲԼҪɱᷴǽ˵һỹգһһҸȥ罣˵
ڽ̵ʽֶΣֶҲЧֶΣЩͽԶᱳǵΪһУЩҲǹʿֻҪ̻ʰγ񽣣ʲôǾʲôȥɱԼˣҲ飡
ַͻȻֶ񶾵뷨Щ˻ŻȥˣȫûңҾǽˣγһ¡
ô
Ͷ˹ϢᴫȥҾҲûбҪը٣˵Ҽý̻ħῪսôȻֱɶ˹ģսô
бĳ֣ݣ
СٻⲻǺݣֶΣ취ãһ˫һãǿԲһһǴʰоּɡ

ַڽָ֮ƿĽ磬˵㡣
ֻϰƽףмһʮ׵ʯ̨ĵطտҲ
ַЩĵôôһΪﶼǱôʲôûС
ЩĵЩǿ˭ѱԼĿռָĿռָ㲻Ѿô
ַ߽ˮʯ̨ʯְ̨ڷŵһɫ鼮鼮֮ϿһӲӵӢġ顣
ַһѽ飬һİ׹ֵַ

ǹĸŰɣѧϰⶫзǳĺô
Ϊʲô򲻿Ȿ飿ַ缸ʵ򲻿
ѧ˹֮ȻͿԴˣⱾķӡ϶򲻿
ķӡ
ַ罫鶪Ǭ
ַĿ˳ʯ̨ƣһɫ͸ˮײĳַ
Ů壡
ˮɢɫŵĹâˮһŮӣ·ǳԼԼԿŮ·֮µ壬£ÿһطôƤӨ񣬷·𴵵ơ
ַĿ⽥ƣŮӵòǳ޷ȥݣĲַ࿴һۣǶ£
ַŮǳ࣬ݼСѩľÿ˶ǳǵȥݳǣˣȥ
ǰŮ˵ַоκȥô԰
Ůƺڰ˯ǻһ˿ůЦ⡣
ַ翴ȫ񣬱ǿһȺĶȫ֪
ι㿴ûУ
ַ类һŭ֮²˹
㸴Ů񣬽ݼע룬Ůѣʱ㱧ɡ
ַĨѱѪڽָ֮´ˮײġ
ˮײҲһָӵĽӡڽУʦκĶСӵϷһ㡣
ˮײ֮ǣһϢ˳ϢһϢϢ
ʶŮ̽⣬֮ӣ֮Ů
Сٻ㼤ʲô֮ӵȷŮڣѾû
ַ֪粻ȪˮȪˮһ֮Ӹգ
ַ磬ó֮ģŽŮ࣡
ַЩʵôţ
ϻ϶ƿŷţ
ַĽ⿪Ůߵ·һֻһóַǰ

ַоһȣѪĳ嶯ַʶȥþѹ
ַóذףĲĴŮϴȥô忴һ۶һ£ַôȥˡ
ַ磬ԥʲôأһ㣬ûмŮô
ַѽĶô
۾ַһȥһӣ˿֮ûһѪţַ罫֮СķŽŮؿڡ
ַó˼ƿȪˮŮȥŮ֯ĸգļ󣬵ֻһ˶ѡ
ҲҪ£ŮʶŮ֮ڣ
Ѷȵ£ַ϶ӿļַǵõ˸ŮطַΪġ
ô޵񣬿϶ǽȥ
ַó˾ħ˿̽ʶѾȫĽ˾ħ֮ڡ
ַװŮһ˿УԼ߷һ˿񻺻Ůüȥ
ַоŮһ˿ǳǿƺ̺Ҫʥȫһǿǧ򱶣
Ůһ˿Ů֮󣬽Žݼ˳
һޱеϢַӭƺоݼ˿̾ԼǰĿԼ
һ̣齫ݼ껺Ůڡ
ħͣŮǰȫıһصŮȫǶȥ
ӹ󣬾ħчRһ˵ϣַ缱æ˻
ַ硢СٻҵˣȥȪ˯ˡ
лл㣬顣
ǰΪַô£ַûи˵ллַֵ֮ǲõлģֵֻ֮Ҫͺã
Σַ̲סҪл飬ллҲǷַ
ַллѾˣΪ˸ݼ鼸
ַָԼò󲽳嵽ˮǰ쳣źڴĿŮ
ڣڼӹˮ֮ڵŮ۾
һ˫üĿĿַ磬һ˳۽Ƕ¡
硭
ݼ
ݼһ˹סַ硣
˽ıһݼᾡַҲͷԼ˼
֮˲ŷֿĿԣַв໰Ҫݼ˵ݼַȴ֪˵ʲôˡ
ݼһֱߣļһֱ˯ǰһ̡
ʱ̫ԭأɾսţ
һ̣ݼڵҺըݼƿַ磬е˻ҷ𡭡
磬ΪҲˣΪˡ
ݼԲ𡭡ǰû㣬ӽ쿪ʼҲκ˺㣡
ݼſԼòı仯ҲоԼǿ󣬾һ磬׷ʲô£岻ҵģҸоԼѾԶԶĳԽ𾳽磬Щҵ
ݼһ֮£ϢͻȻţַϢӰ֮£ֱӱɣصǽ
ַһֻϢʶͰԼɣôôǿ
磬ԲҲǹġ
СٻݼѾŮһ˿ʶϣѾӵڻûȫӦͿƣСһ㡣
ַ粻⣬Ůһ˿ôǿͻӵ
ҪǣŮϹǶ̹Ŵһ˿൱һʮתڵݼҪ磬Ǻǡ֮ͻ
ַ𾪵˹ȥ֮ڴݻ磿
ûúÿԼȻľ군ˡ
ַ˹սıǾǡս͹ļƻɹԻ
սļƻǽһ˿Ůںϣɹ֮󣬹ͿԿŮ壬ʱ磬ͻڵһʱ佫ŮԼһ˿𣬽еƵŮϣ
硭
û£ݼһġ


259 սɳĮ
ַ罫еϸŵĸ߸ݼ˼ʱ뿪ңַ籾ݼһᣬ滹ڵȴԼĶţȲԼʲô
ַҡڵÿ߳˹Ͷţ͡
ţַߵŮ֮ʱֱסˣ˶һ㣬һľżͣˮֱճɵɵĿݼ
ݼһЦţѽݼ
ݼݼʲôʱˣ
ַ
ݼ
ַݼ죬طַ֮ݼǳĺãǰʧȥַŸӶϧ
ݼһСŮһַߣϲָоͱĸо
ַ֮ʵʩԼļƻ
ַǼٰ̻ʺݼ˹
ڶһ磬̻糯ݵְԱμӡ
˾ۼַ֮ĸоѹ
ۼ˹еǿߣʮλǿߣʮλڣλʣ
ǹе֮ǰַΪֻн̻ʺʮ´ǹǿɱ˼´̺ͽ̻ʣַΪѾݻٵʣ޼ڿַֻǴݻ˱ɽһǶѡ
ַĿǳ͵Ĵǿɨһֺׯص죬ʰѴټҪһǳҪ£¹ϵ䶯ϵǹˣ˶֪ǰٽһ񣬶񱾻ѾɣǾǸŮ񣡡
Ů
Ϣһʯͷƽĺ棬˵м˲㲨ˡ
ʱݼǰһַ絭ĵĻñ˵
֮ǿһòŮ˭ôֱ̻ʵ֣ԳƱŮԶ֮һԳԼݣ𡮽̻ʡ˵Ļǿǰ˭ˣ
ǵ񣬹Ů·Ĺ
ǿһţһϯԻܲ²⵽ǰŮ˵ݣ
찡ٷ䣡ǿ߶٣鼤Ĳѡ
ݼ
ޱϵ¹ΰݣÿжǳȺͼĹâǿ̲ס޷ѹеļ
ڽͽҹŷ·ܵĶͺϣеĽͽ֮¡
ǵ·ͽǵѾԸӡ
ݼǣʱʱ̶̿ǵ߾ǣܵǵϣʱ̸ܵǶԱĳ羴Ƕɡ
лˣ
ǿ֮󣬶ͷһԱһվԭأû˸ֱһǵ
ݼ˴·ҪΪϼħӡ֮£ʥѾ֪ͨˣħ˼䣬˼ڵ޷ħ⣬ԱŽŮ˼䣬ɱħ˼һ̫ƽ
ļѣ˼ԭΪ˼ƽ
֮ǰһҪǧķչǳΪħᴦѹƺͶԸǹĸռ䣬һ½ǶҪһԵͳߣҲߣֻоԵͳͳһα·˳ħˡ
ǿߴ󾪣ħ᣿ħһֱ͹棬ǹҲ֮ħ֯ħʦħˣ
͢ͽһֲͬʵȫԲ棡ȻǧϣӸѹƶԷߴûȥȥԷ
ħῪսͻңɿƵĴң
ݼ֪кܶʣǣҪһȫµĹȣռҹȣ
ʱǰһ´̲סҪͳһռ䣬˶عĻǵĶ͡ǣҪͳһ磬Ψһİ취ǻ׵ĿԻɱΥˣǡͻսңߵĴսݻĸ߶絽ʱֻΪһƬ桭
´˵һ㶼ûдħῪսǾħʦ֮ռԾ潻֣Ǿǲݵľ棡
ϵǿߣƻǳֲһսһĳжᱻ
ǸҪͳһ磬뽫ȫɱٴԼĹȣɷ棬ȥͳһô
ݼĿĶ´̣ɱĻô㿪ô
ݼĿ΢һ˿⣬´̸оһ㣬ȫĹ˲䱻סһεɡ
˶ݼֻǶ´˵һ仰´̾ͷ˳ȥ
һ亹˶޷⣡
ǰʮĹ񣡲ͨ飡ɹĻǶԹĲ£
Ѿ£κɣ֮󣬺ħսɳĮ
ûٸݼĻҲû˸ȥΥּ⣡
£ټ½зֻǿܲϡ
ڶһ磬ħյ˹ս顪֮󣬾սɳĮ
ս֮󣬼ɫ䣬ЩǸʹˣ᳤ֲڣ˱չصʮ
ʮڵһʱϵˣĽͣǹ̬ȷǳǿӲͲͣҲûأĸ֡ݣ
ʮŭսӦиԭɣǹ˸ʮκ˵أ
ʮ޲֮ʱַݼħַܲ绯Ϊ˹ģݼ˼ݣ͹սɳĮ
ȻݼǷµϣµħʦĿ֮е񣡶ħǧǰħս֮󣬷µ˼䴴ħ
ħ˲ͽǰ㣬ԹԵħħʦǲͽֻħ˶ѣħһĻѣеħʦ˵Ȩ
ħҲַݼʵ˷ǳ࣬ݼԼȫЩ˵͡
ħٴУݼĳ֣ʩչħĴȻⳡսħǣ
ַԴŹֱɱħܲĻһսܵ˺Ļͨˣַ粻սȼյͨ˵
ԣַȥħᣬö˹᳤ݣݼЭ½ħֻǿߵսħеǿ߶Ἧһ𣬽һ֮ս
ַݼ㶨һֻ֮ſϷ
ĦݣħῨ˹ݣм䱻ɳĮ
ɳĮ޾֮캣֮޴½ϱԼǧԼŰٶƽ
ɳĮرƽҪǸڡɳɳɳĮлֲһЩЪԺӹȡ쳣ȣֲƶҲϡ١ҪâݡϻȹԣֻһЩǿ򡢵յȲ档
սɳĮΪսõѡ֮췭ظҲӰ쵽ͨĳС
γǿߣ֮½зֻǿۣ˹ɳĮ
ħҲзֻħʦǷϵħʦȫۣ
ַҲû뵽˫ϵǿ߶ϴˣ
ַ绯Ϊ˹ħǿ˹ɳĮ͹̵Ľ֮һݼ
ַݼɽۻ˫ͷĿֵĻѽᣡⳡԵݵĺϷ
˫ǧ׶Գ֡
ܲɳÿ˵½Ƕ졣
޾ɱ˫Ӫ֮ŷƺɳĮܲסǿߵɱ⣬ʱɳ졣
Ｔһս
Ϊ˹ַԶԶĿݼϹǹûһŮϴ󣬿أÿǸ˵
ַһھʹѸٵ˫ս
޴࣬ڴˣħϾͻҷ𣡡
ɱħ𣡴Ӵ½ǹã
ɱɱˣ½ħ£
ַݼ֮󣬴սһ
ȫǻս˫ʮռҲǳԽʾĸûж֮⣬˶ȥ
ʼʱħռƣħʦԶ̹ڹ˻ûгһǿħǵصӪϯȥ
һֵħɳĮɳ죬Щȥ֮˵ʬܿ챻ɳĮ¡
ַоսһΪˣһֱһ㣡
һƴʩչ䣬ЩڵĹһӪ
ħһʼĹƲɵڵħ֮󣬹ͻħķһǧǿ߳ħӪ
ֻҪʿЩħʦ絾һ㱻һĹո
һӵʱ䣬˫ӪѾȥһ룡
һ˲һ߾ʬ壬ַû˿
ַԱߵʮ̲סˡ
һλ᳤ˣǴ˴ǰҪĿΪ˸ΪҪԸħᣡ˫ǧ꣬ǾˮˮȴĪĸս飬һһԲϾʹȥֻܾˣ˭Ҳûкôȥǹħᶼڴˣ
ַβûг֣ûпǱǸŮôߵÿͽʮ𾴣̶ҿһۣûпĻŮϵ飡֧֣Żħս˼ǵķµϴҲ֧ǿսǿսֻܿսӱܣҲ򣬵Ҳûа취
ʮҲףּ⣬ôֻӣ
սڼУַʮʮֻڰȫĵصԶԶĹݼǱҲһЩԽʵǿҲֻڹǰĴս޹һ㡣
սܿ쵽˰ȻʵֹϷʵĽͻһٴ£֮Щ˲һƬޣ
ͷڲһӵʱȫٺʵĹȫȥ
սʣµʵĶԾ
ʺͷʵĶԾǳľʣַĿһֱսѧϰսۿ綥ֵĽսս߾Իࡣ
ȻҲǶʾµ˻ַ࣬ߵЩǿߣĻսûзеĵֳֻս֮˫Ľ֣
ٵĽʥصˣʥصʥ￴ޱȻҵսֱ۾ɵͭһ㣡
ϳ֮ݼߣܵݼϵ֮ʱȫ죬ʮסΣһѪ
ǰŮ飡Ǳʥǿ飡
ʥʥͿߵŮ˲򵥣ǹ֮̽һ£ǵʶһӴŮ˵Ϣ֮ʱֱӷôһ̽Ͼˣ


260 Ȼ㣡
Ŀ⾪ֵĿݼ˼һΪȫľ룬ſڵ㵽ʲôˣ
ݼûлشϵĻЦţ·Ͽʥص˰ɣ
Ϸǣ
ʥصòҪ֣𣿡
Ϻݼ˵֮ʱҿݼ۾־޴ѹϼָоֱŮ˵۾ĻԼľ
Ҷˡ
ϱʲôֲʣǻӵַߡ
˹ô£һַġ˹ʹС
ַ֪ݼ˿аЦ
ϣѵûôħ͹һս
Щ΢ŭҰʹȫҲҵ£ʹ˳Խռ͹ʥص£ⳡս˭ģǲǹǱߵǸŮˣ
ַ˭ĲҪҪǣ¿ʥҲܲˡ
ϳ˼ǱߵǸŮ˷һôܣϿ϶ܲˣŪСᶪ
㣬ǱߵǸŮ˭
ַ絭ĵղŲǹȥôѵûô
㡭˹Ҫ֪Եĵʲôһ飬һǿ飡Ҳˣɣ
˵ˣǲܣǹܲˣҪһʱ㱨ʥˣʥԲþ
ͬʱϷǳƣΪʲô˿ʥʱ½궼£ûʹóԽʵΪʲôҸһйͷ£
ʵսڽǱߴʮλʣʮλȻǸˣҡҡ׹
ħȫûǲûаܣΪûг֣ҪЩڣ˫Ļ
˵ʬ屻ɳϯɳĮ£һзƽ˾ʲô鶼ûзǰľսֻһζѡ
ַĿⶢսʮλʣʣͻȻ׵ĳ֣ħһڹֱַ˹ȥ
ʮλʱѾˣľַĹһ㷴ûС
ֱַոʮλʵ꣡
ʵû֪Ӵսһʼַڰոȥ֮˵꣡ⳡսһĿģַõ˵ϴԼ
ֳǿߵ궼ַȻգ
ַоԼֵ˽ıԵǴ˿ַȴʩչ
ַɱʮʣû˶֡ݼȻᶯ֣˶֪˹һʥǵΪǶ˹Ķ֡
ֵǣǿַɱʮλ֮ʱõǽһħʦýʵ֣ϵħʿҲкܶ࣬ħĻ᳤ὣȴý˴۾
ַףʣµЩˣ˫óԽʵɱԷģ˳Խʵͻƻƽ⣡
˫ѾǲݣʥصѾˣ˵ˣô˶ɱ˵ĳ嶯
˫˶ûж֣ڵȴ˼ҪҪóԽʵ
ʱַ翴ݼݼϷýˣЩ군ˣɱǰɡ
˫ǿ߶ֵĿš˹˵ʲôһ̣˵ʲôˣ
ݼ֣һץߵʮжûһȫѪ˵ϣݼֻһУʮ꣡
ݼӰһ˲ƶһַߣǳȻַ֣һСŮģˣˣģˡ
ַʱȥǧ񹦣ָ˱ò
ַ磡
Ȼ㡭
ԭǵı
˫Ĵսġ
ʣµĹħǿߴ˿̶֪ʲô£һжˡ
ȥɱˣÿ˶ķ֣ǵȫ˶һ㣬һ֮ܶ⣬ĵطһεơ
֮½ΪϣЩǿ仰
ַ絭ЦţûҵıĴأҾĸԶʧħᣬž飡˭˭ߵˣҾǧ򱶵Ĵۣ
һ´̿ݼڻŮǺǵģ
ѵ㲻ǵĹôѵҪô񰡣ǵʲôˡǰɡ
ݼҲǵǵǹ񣬶Ů񣡵ȻЩҪҪǣַŮˣ
仰ֱӽ˴˱ѡ
ַħеǿ߶ǵĺûһǿҵļƻĻǵĺѾѪռǺ󷽵ѾȫѪɱˡ
һжַ簲ŵģַ绯ΪͶ˹ֱ𽫹ħϵǿȫ˹ɳĮǸѪᣬֱӽĺ󷽴ݻ٣
ַʵǵĻ᳤˹ǵĽ̻ʿͱɱˣҲðǵĻ᳤ͽ̻ʣ˫ڿȥˣŶǲҪȥˣǵˡ
ַ漴Ϊ֮ķ˵˵ͷ­
Щǿ߱ݼƣֻĿһѴϢոԼûκλ֮
ոЩǿߵַ֮оԼ֮ѾﵽͻƵıԵǰ֮֮ŵİɫ

ַоǣֱ߾һųȥ
ûκε赲Ҳûκεƿֱӳ˸ߵľ磡
¡¡
շɫ䣬һɹɾ޴ŹַķֱϮ
٣
ַʱͻˡ
ݼüͷ΢΢һ壬һ̧֮ϵȫѹʱʧ
پȻѹƣַ籾Լһٵ
ݼٲ٣ֻԽռĽƣ˹򹥻ѣȵкһʱͿԸˡ
ַݼҿʹɱˣû٣ô£
ݼЦΪ񣬶ӵԸıռĹҸı˹ȻƵĹ
ַƶǶ
ݼΪһľȻףڸ㣬ֻӰľѡ
˿ַڵľ磬ַ籾Ϊûһ㳤

˿̣Ѫ㳲ħܲ͹ܲѾʬҰѪɺӡ
ħѾ׵ĴĨȥ
Ѫ弴Ϊ½󳬼
ѾҳһţЩڹħС׷׵ĺ͹ħƲ˹ϵܶСѪ׷ɱĹħˡ
ַݼص壬ӡţ˺һϣħᱻݻ٣˶ģ
ڶ죬ַݼȥʧ֮أҪͶţˣǰ쿴ĳҵһС㣬Դףûַ硣


ַҪȥҽ˼࣬÷ٵϢȥѰħڶħֺ͵Ľھħ
ʧ֮ѾһƬ棬æµؽԼļ԰
ݼץַһ·ɵ˾壬һ壬ྫ鶼ͣеĹַк
оַк֮ĿⶼŮϡ
ò壬ǵǿݼĳ֮󣬶ĸо۴κ֮ϣûһܱȵǰŮˣԼŮҲУ
˼ӭַݼСͼλϽ
ŮºڳϿݼ֮˶סˣ˸ַк
ݼС㣬þòС΢Цſݼ
ǰ̫ԭصʱݼַ͸СĹ죬ΪߣСһ۾ϳݼ
ݼҲ΢Цߡ
Сͷǡ
ݼɫĵҶҲȽϸȤһ㣬ҵΡ
Сһ𣬡ܵģĳݼǰѾˣڻúõվҵǰ˵ˣóŮ˵ĻƿˣǺǡ
Ů
ĸصĻо
Ƕ֪Ůִ֮һҲŮΪ˵壬ŮԾŮ谮мӣŮһĺǻ
ǰŮôŮǧ֮ǰħս֮ʱ䣬˽֪һʵôֻḴ
߿еĻǼٵôټǰŮòʥַûһܱȵϵģ
ԴȻܵϵǶоǰŮϵϢһ޵֮
ϵֵĿϵһ𣬾Ϳ֤ǰŮŮ
ݼĿŸС㲻ҵˣ
šСͷ㱾Ѿˣָ޾ı㲻ˣݼС㣬ܲܰһæ
ʲô£˵޷
֪֮ӣæ֮Ϊؽ԰
û⣬֮Ѿ˯ǧ꣬ڸոȪˮϴ֮ѣѾΪһƬ棬һûĻԭ
Сֻ֪ҪһЩ֮ӵһϢѣ̬ܿٵĳɳʮ֮ڻָӦûɣ
ݼͷıƬĹʮʱ䣿ټ֮ӵĻľٳɱô
ԣ
û⣬һ֮ͻḴԭ
оԣпϲ
Ůˣ˼࿴ݼЩƲסĲ
ݼЦŮ£ҿɲҵݼͺáֻӵŮͲֵѣŮ񡣡
ҲҪŮˣ˼ͺãλ롭
Ůдַݼַ֪֮󣬽˼ڴӦ
ϢһϣڶϣݼıƬ̬򡣸ıһСƬ̬򲢲Ӱ쵽ʲô
֮ݼ֮˳һȭͷСԲɫӣӿ棬ɫ䣡
ֳ֮Ϊ˵֮У֮ǹʹԴȪӵ޵֮֮˾Ů
Ů䣬֮ҲſήŮڡ
֮ӵϢռɢ˶оһԴϢռɢţЩϢŮɢһ˵棬ʧڵײ档
ʮ֮ݼջ֮
ˣһи㶨һʱ䣬ֻΪһƬïܵɭ֣
мѣҪʱؽļ԰һʱͿԻָټϾŬһòһʱ䣡
˼мĿݼ˴ΪֻҪԺҪʲôֻҪǾǡ
ݼŽ˼֣Ц㣬˵ʲôֻǾ֮Ͷѣ˵ˣǻҪңôͺһȥҪҵĶɡ
Ȼ㶼ҽˣҾˡ
Ů˵Ĺϵһӽһ㡣
ַ磬н㡣˼ʱתͷЦſַ磬ȫûһ˿Ůķ緶
ַ籩ôɴûкκ˽㡣
ݼŮѣҽˣ㻹
ַĶӡ
ַ֪˼ԼͬӵħѪĳһ˵˼ַͬĸ׽㡣
ַɲ֮ϣû׼


261 ̩̹
ַ֮硢ݼ˼͸С̤Ѱ֮;
ϴΰַʹԸ˹е˳˯ݼİ֮£֮ӵϢӴý˹
Ӧŷħħһ˿΢Ϣһֱս·߽
֮޾֮
޾˻Űߵľ޴ʯʯıĹ⻬ޱȡ
֮ɢŵĺɫħԼʶĸܺ̽ţ֮󣬽ַʶħȻӡ޾֮ԭֲһӦħֵϢԭڶħֵϢȫˣǷٵĳ֣ǸҲ
ַ罫Ļתˡ
С˼Ƭ̣֮޾֮Ǵ½Ĵ֮һ˵޾֮и޾֮סһڰ壬ҲµûĻҪҵħ޾֮
ݼЦСǲµģģ
ġ
Уľͱ˵ƾʲô׼ոӶģĿ˰ɡ
Сͷߡ
ݼԭһɱ֣ǰ飬пѪַǰչֳɰ͡ħһ棬⼸ַѶˣϻ׽ŪңȻַݼǳ˽⣬Ѿٶˣ˼ݼһ˵ЦϵǳĺãôݼΨһĿǸСˡ
һ·ݼ֪׽Ū˸СٴΣǸС׽Ūٲң侲ԣΪСΪľǳߡʱһСҲЩܲˣݼûа취ֻܺ
˴һֻ޾֮Ľ
ۿڵ˽ִǳַ࣬˵ҪҴеĴΧȻΧסַ磬ݼͽ˼󳬼Ů
ݼͽ˼ߵΧ˵Ŀ⣬Χۣߵͷʾǰٷ֮٣
һ·˲֪˶١ǡ·ײˣٽͨ˳ȵȡ
˵˼䣬ϵŮ
С㣬Ҫ⴬
С㣬ҵĴִֿҵġſˮһаЦ
ƴһȥСҵģۡ
ۣ
С㣬ҵģҸۣ
ֻҪСҵĴѡ
ݼĵҪȥ޾֮롪޾֮
ЩġǡݼĻ˵ȫӲϵĶϵı鶼Ƭ̣֮һ룬ɢߵһɶ
״
ŻһҪҪķҪŮϴת֮һ˶ûˡ
ַĶݼݼǲģ
ַΪݼЩˣһɢ
ͷʲôûҾ˵ȥ޾֮޾֮쵰ȫˣ
ַ˼˵Ŀĵ֮еĴַܾѯԭ֮ʱûһ˵м˽ֱַӸߡ
ַһŭ֮һ˵ļ䣬Ȼֻѡ˹޾֮ϢĲ֡
ַ֮õһЩ޾֮Ϣݼȥ
磬ôݼеķǳ顣
ַ˼Ƥ񣬡޾֮Щ˵һ䣡ֻҪ޾֮Ϣκ飬ᱻ䣬ħ
䣿ЩֻЩͨ˲ȥţ߸Ͳš
СЦ޾֮ǧǰħӡûѹħħķ٣ħֵħ͸ӡɢҲµû·޾֮Ĵֻʧ٣Ǵϵ˱ħʴʱһЩԽԽаͨ˵䡣
ַͷ˵ûǸ˵ļȷ
ݼߵСǰаЦµأģ
Сϴ˵ĳ˿βϵҲµġ
ݼƲͣȻ㶼ܲ³ǻҪƾӸɴඪˣռط
Сţ棬ôôۡ
Ȼû⴬ǣַĿⶢһִ
ִı־һ۹ľַĿɨ˾棬ϣ޴ĴͣʮսϰټϵĻսʿųУǹҵľӢʿ
ַԴҵˣô
Сĵ㣬㲻鷳Ļ㾡
ݼƲͣһЩͨ˵Ķô˾ˡ
˼ɫЩÿ£ðɣ
Ϊһ߹ľ飬ǵĹ߹ȥһЩ֮£ֱǶǵ衣
ݼЦ㣬ֻǽǵĶֲɱˣǻ֮󻹸Ǿˡ˵ˣʱֲҪ㶯ַ֣ȥֲȥ
˼ǿĵ˵ͷ
ַ˿첽
λЩ˽ִ֮⣬ƬۿڵǾκ˽˴ֻǲɽ롣
˸˸ۿڣʮųǹľ˽˰Χ
Ǿصأκ˲롣Ϊ׵˶˳ǹַָͷ
ȻǶַ˵ĿһֱַŮ
ݼǰȥһЦ˾˹ȥһ룬ʮȫ˹ȥ
ͨʲôǣݼҪɱЩˣɱۿڵˣֻҪһʱ䡣
˾һ·ϵ˶ݼôһЦͷŵЩ˶˯켸ҹŻ
˴ͼʻҵʮ⣬ϵһֱȫݼ㶨˲ֿ⡣
Ҿ۹˺ĸ֮⣬ųƺ޵еġ̩̹ţ
̩̹ţӹϾ綥ƼѺϽ죬᲻ɴݣ
ӵжƼĲԣϵ缶װáŸɱǿ
Էǳߣ㶥ϸֶӻ˺̩̹ŷֺ
̩̹Ѿַ˳ٳ֣ַв£ά̩̹𺽡
άһʮϴ۹ʮ󴬳֮һȻάֻǵߣΪάǾǺĸΪǰλĶǺĸҪѹϿάһͷ
ҪάӹܾĸһδεıάܾܾԭΪ̩̹š
̩̹ǿάһѪſάһССĴһֱΪ紬ʮŬάһֱ̩̹ϡ
άԼ̩̹ŸԼĺĸһУάһ֮ھԿɣؼʱ̣Ȼ˽ٳ֣
ٳǵֻĸˣŮʵ꣡˳˳֮⣬طǳͨûбֳκεǵϴ֮󣬴ӵû˿Ļ֮Īĵȥάףĸ˲ͨˡ
֧Ҳǿά˶ѪľӢ˲ţЩ˸߿άЩˣάҲһ˻ϡ
ά΢ŭ֪ǽٳֵһ̩̹ţ۹ΪУӲģ
ַڿάĶ棬ӲǣǣҪ󡣡
άǵôˣǲǱȫɱˣ
ά֪ҪʻңͨһĹؿǿάûκεĶֻڼϿǵһĵ¡
ַͿά̸˶û£ϼ춼ֻҪǴȥҪȥĵطǲᶯκˣ֮ǻǷǳı꣡
ŬԼ򾲣ǰ꽻̸һӣȻûбֳκεĶ⣬ǿάо˾޴ѹ˵һ仰󱳶亹ֱ
άǣǵҪȥ޾֮Ľأ޾֮ٷ֮һ޾֮г޾Σպͻ㲻ȷĵص㣬ֻǰǸģĺߺУ˲ȥˮΣյĵش̩̹Ҳܾ޴ʧҲпԶû޾֮Ҳ֪޾֮ϿǲܷУٶսҲֻǵͿսûõġ
ά˵ĺףûоĺߣл޾֮
ַֻԲ˵˵ˣЩȥǲ˵ַвῪݼû⣬Ļ𲻱Ҫ鷳
޾֮Ǹ½½Ψһĺһս½⵽˻Դ½ħҲĨȥ½ҲܻԵĴĶҲҵս½½ڵľҲǳš޾֮֮ϣ½Ľ紦ҵľӶפݼȥǽϵľӺʹֻȫ
޾֮ҵľӾҶֻţԵжԵĹ߶Ⱦ䣡ս
£ַ粻뿴Ĳͨ˵սôܿͻĴս
ַ絭ԿάҪȥ޾֮롪޾֮
ַĻ䣬еĿȱ˵ϣˤķ顣ά֪ҪȥһǳΣյ׼׼ַ˵صһڿѹѹǴ˿ַĻûھ͵˵ϡ
ԱߵļԱַ˵ĵص㶼һֻš
άɫǳѿЩĵط˶ħ䣬طе£طֶܵ䣬һĵ죬ȥ޾֮ˣ඼ûлŻŻˣǷȫȥ
ַ絭ĵҿǱֻ֤ҪǴȥ޾֮ұ֤ÿһ˶û¡
άæ֣ǲȥǸط䣬ģۼһλĴԴǸطԺÿ춼ڿ־֮УȫƤáǴǳǮ˸ָ߿Ƽƶûã˿¡κãƤããǹãȴˣκɱʽˣͷͷͻԶըķ飬ͻԭÿÿҹʹļ尾žŰʮһ֮ȥ
ά˵˵ţ֮г˿־壬̲סȫʻյԱɫһƬңп־岻ѡ
ַȴһĴݣϹǳǳЦݣάҲ˲ͨˣЩ䣬˵ֻһЦѣ
ģҪңģںϺʮ꣬Сںϳ޾֮ĿֲûмģҲûҪȥǸ죬ԵģȽĺĸȥҲֻᴬҪң
άЩǲȥԼһѪ޾֮
ȥַֻЦķƵһ̧һ룬ʻһԱѪ֮С
ء㡭
ַʱָ˱ĿΪַڻǹͷͨһͨ˵Ļ϶ɺܶ鷳
ַòıΣάڴԱֺͲ˼Ŀַ磬һԱŵ˵ϡ
㡭ַ磡ʵһֲַ磡άףΪʲôĸ˸ҽٳ־ԭַ磬ҲֻŸҵ


262 
άͻȻЦַ磡ɱ˶ħһˣһֲӣ˵һ𣿾Ҳ㣡
ַĵңǶҪ
ַһ䣬һԱϢĵȥ
Ȼַ粻ɱˣֻ˻Զѣȥûʲô
άŭ᲻һ̩̹ţ᲻ҵĴԱǣҪһֲӵв˶о˵ϣҲȥ
ַΪԼԼʵݣЩ˿϶Ầ£־壬ԼĿģû뵽ʵ䷴
ûԵĶħȫٳУɱ˶ˣɢ˶ļͥɱǣҲħΪ飡
ǲģħ
ԣٳ̩̹ţܣٳʲôãû˸㿪

ԱȻǳַĿֲʵǿǹͷַ֮ͨʱ׷ױʾԼķŭͲľ
ַû뵽ϵͨ˶Լ޵̶ֳȡ
ݼʱַԣЦţ磬û˰ɣҪǣЩ˶֪࣬Ļ綼һ˰ɡ
ݼ˵ûַƻ˿Ͷ˹ļƻŮڹѾŮѾŮ֮
˿̵ַЩܵ˵ħĿԣǾ磬࣬ڷޣ
ͣôַҲȥ͡
вѾûˣЩ˲
磬ɡ
ݼ˵ߣ֮ӵϢ͵˵ڣһ룬۾ϵȫָĿȺϵĿݼ
άĴԱⲻ˼һĻͶĳ
ôܣ
һ˱֮ˣͻȻַֻ̼֮ſάЩԱ񾭣һ㲻ʵĸо
˸վͨһڵϣд󺰣ŮˣŮˡ
֮ӵϢȻ֮ǰ˭ˣǴ˵֮еߡŮ
ߣǴ˿ǵϢڸǣǰŮ˾
飡
ûҾŮǲôô
˿̩̹ѾֹͣݼĻһ䣬һǿ˳ӣӹѾ壬ֱ̩̹š
һ̣̩̹żˮ溽У
ά󾪣ʱٱʾ̩̹ŵĺٶȾȻٶȵ
һ˵̩̹ܽźУѾ˿άڴԱⷶΧ
ͻȻһ𵴡
棡棡ܲУʱٳƼ
棡棬һѾ򿪱塭
ά󾪣ͣ
ǰУʱ䣬̩̹Żᱻ
ݼֹͣͷţ̩̹ŵٶļʮ֮󣬲ֹͣ
άʹԱһĿ⾪ֵĿݼƲסˡ
ݼάǰһץס˿ҪȥĿάĵ޾֮㲻ȥҾǿг忪޾֮ķӡ޾֮ٻ۹½Ҫҵ
ǡάһĺǡ
˿̣ڿάУҲûʲô˵ϣҲûʲôھѹ֮£Щͨûз
ǲǲԼһʱ嶯ǣҵĻ𣡶ǰĸˣԿһ㣡
ǲˣǡ
ַڿάԱߣһֱĻϵĺͼշٵϢںͼ·ߡ
άַ˵ĺ·ߣҪ۹޵۹̫۹׻Ƶ۹֮ٵޱ򡯡
ڸҵĹϵǳţǵľǵ۹ĵһҪʻҵˮ򣬵ʱ򣬻鷳۹а취ǵ򣬵Ҫ޵۹ǲܵģǵ۹Ͷ޵۹ڱսֱʻ룬ͻܹʱǿ޷ֿоİΧʤˣʱҲ潻
ַǰѵоȫˣ㻹潻ô
ά֪ѶˣǳȻὫо𣬵ǻ뵺ĵ̻׻Ƶ۹ĵ̣ǵ۹͵ڲ䲻ȵľ棬׻Ƶ۹ڵж״̬Ǻ͵սҺ潻׻Ƶ۹ˣǺ׻Ƶ۹Уʱô
ַЦôȻҪˣʱԼ취׻Ƶ۹а취
ʵַûа취Ҫ׻Ƶ۹ʮʱ䣬ַ롣
һ̩̹֮Žˮ˫߲֮ͨ󣬿άһҾĸ߲㽻̸һʱ˫ĳЭ飬֮ά̩̹Ž۹
۹Ͷ޵۹ҲìأֻǷǳСĦû濪սάһ߲սѣ˵ĹϵǳάҪȥԸ޵۹ȻڴӦ潻ʵǳ򵥣˵̩̹̫ˣ۹ˮӲȥɡ
̩̹˳ʹ۹ֱӳ˶޵۹ˮԵ
޵۹ʮҾڵһʱ䷢̩̹ţȫ䡣
Ƕ޵۹ǵĴٽǧףǾͿ𣡡
޵۹˾棬ǿ̩̹Ųûм٣ȫʻ޵۹ˮ
޵۹ʮҾͬʱӵϲγһΧȦ׼Χӭսʹ̩̹ţ
ⲻľ̩̹ţ̩̹Ų޾֮ôôܵ
˾̩̹Ǵ۹ģ۹ǲǺ۹ˣ
ûˣⳡս۽֮󣬾ͻ֪
ģô£ô̩̹ţ⵽ô£
ֻҪ̩̹ʻǵȫΧֻҪ̩̹ţһ󹦣

ݼĻϣ޵۹ʮҾѾγ˰ΧȦȽĵɱǿѾ׼ֻҪ̩̹һ޵۹ǾԻȫ濪
ʮҾİΧֱӳзİΧȦ̩̹ţҲᱻը٣
ȫֱǰݼ
άͷ亹ŮС㣬ǲӦôͻΧǱߵս֮ǾͿһȨ
ݼĿſάҵĻôȫǰУ
άûа취ЩݼȻݼֳˡˡһ棬ǲڽս֮УͬʱʮҾһ˵ôܳܵס
ǿάֻӲͷƤݼָʾȫǰУ
̩̹ʻ˶޵ľߣ
𣡡
ʮҾ֮ѾԤõĵȫ̩̹˹
άһ
һǶ̩̹ŵȫЩĹ̩̹žܿ
ˣ
ݼһѾ̩̹ŵϿգٶȾȻ̩̹ŵĺٶȱһ¡
ʮݼһ죬ǰĿռ䱻˺ѳһＸ׵Ŀռѷ죬ͺһȽյĴűһ룬ǳסЩȫ˿ռѷ죬֮󣬿ռѷպϣһָֻƽ
ַ糤һȻͽ˺ռ䣡һССĿռѷ죬ǳＸ׵Ŀռѷ죡
Ҳֻó
άŮжǿҲŮǰ˵Ĵݻ½ЦԿ
޵۹ľڷ˵һֹ֮˶ڳǶĻһŮˣŮ·һ㣬˫һӣеĵӰ
һ˵סеĹ޷ŵһĻ˵ĴһƬհףЩħõӰﻹҪ٣
𣡿쿪𣡡
˾ŭͨеĴʹԱѣһָҵĹ̩̹
ݼһЦеоսϾ޴Ļ֮϶ܿݼЦݡ
ֻݼĻӶֱۣһİ׹ĵϯȥ
һ̣Щڰ׹֮·׷׵ͷı˷ԭ·أʱķȥ
¡¡
ʮսͬʱըʮʱս죬Ũ̹
ţһıը£ʮսըƬƮ޾֮
ȻЩڵ޷ݻЩսǼڵͿ׾ٵĻеս
һ룬ݼӰѾ̩̹ŵļʻַߣһȣĺһڡ
ӽսĿʼоսĻ𣬲ʮʱ䣡
ڽս֮У̩̹ûֹͣһ룬ʲôû߶ǰУһжݼһ֮ео
άڴԱѾʧȥ˼ɵɵĿݼÿ˵ĴԶһƬհס
ַҲǳ𾪣֪ݼҲ֪ݼִݻ˵˵Ϳ£ſݼĹַоԼΪܸݼġ
ַʽ飬ʲôʱܱɺڵݼôǿ
ݼӵеֻŮȫʢʮ֮һʹõʮ֮һ֮е֮һҴ㣬ڵٶȣһǧʱ䣬Ӧòɡ
ֱַԵ
뵺ˮ֮ݼٴγ˸շ棬ݼ˵ͽսըƬ
̩̹֮ʻ׻Ƶ۹ľߡ
ַֹͣ
ַ̩̹Ŵݺ׻Ƶ۹ľｻ̸
ͨ˵绰ֱַ֮׻ֻ·ǵĵ̶ѣԲ͹κγͻи㣬ڼǮ棬ۡ
һ㶣㲻ǿά
Ҫ˭ֻ·ѾõϢ޵۹͵оΪľܵסǵĽŲǲսҲ׻Ƶ۹ˣҲľսҵ˼ô
绰ﴫҿԲ˭۹ľԲʻ׻Ƶ۹ǰһǧףǾȫ濪𣡡
ַ絭ĵ֪޺͵ɣ֪֮ٺ̸
ַ˵绰
˵绰֮󣬶Աɳһĸ˵£ӵ绰׻Ƶ۹ˣ̩̹Ŵά
Ƕ죡ھĵ޺͵̩̹Žս֮һʱ佫ӳܲܲǳӣֱ֪ͨ˹ܻҲ顣
ýŲ¡
ˡ
Ȼ˵ĵݼδսĻ棬Ϊ޾֮ϿյķӡݼӰ죬ĵķǳģֻжϳε¼߲֣ܿһ֣
ϵַ磬ֱ˵˼Ҫ
ַһ׻Ƶ۹ľ
ַ翴׻Ƶ۹̸д֮һסˣҲסˣȻʶЦȥԷһݺݵܱ
ֵܣôûˣû뵽¼档
ǰڻˣȫͷͨڻĬĬš

Ǵ۵Сۣʲôôʶҹϵôã
ԣôô죿ⲻǹһſֲַôͷôֵַܣǵԴһʱת


263 Ǳҵ
ַͶһӺ󣬶֧ˡ
˵Ļת⣬ʵַ磬⵽ô£
ٺ١̩̹űҽٳˡ
ϵɵģô£ٳ̩̹ʲôѵҪͨ˵ս
ַֻȥ޾֮޾ֻ֮ҲԾͽٳ̩̹ţͶ޵۹еս⣬ֻһ·͵ģǲҹֻҵս˵ҸҰôҲĸϼΣǻίԼѽ
ͷţҪȥ޾֮ȷҪ·ҵˮ򣬻ַңҪȻǿֵܻܱɵˣǺǡ
仰пЦζַĺ׻Ƶ۹ľսĻһַΪˡ
ַЦİɣұϾҲ׻Ƶ۹ˣҲԼսֻ·Ӧûʲôɣ
ɫ֣һսʦ岷Ҳʥ˵ʦ֪Źô
ַоЩţʵʦ壿ʦǣ
ʦˣǱ˵ģһҪҧгݵ˵š
ַһͺãַɲֵܳΪˣôһ죬ַĲ֪ôȥԡ
ַĶļ򣬡İɣֵܰ㱨
ȶлˣҪɱһҪֱ
ǰѡ᳤ܻʦhͲΪѡߣ˵֧൱ѡٵǰ£ʦhͻȻж֮ȻǾ½Ŵ涾֮һϻˮ
ϻˮɫζöϻݺѪ֮֩ƾžŰʮһɣ񾳽֮£κ˺˶ϻˮһ֮ھͻ飡
hľҲʥΪҲ˶ˡ
֮󣬲˳᳤ܻҪնݳΪڲֻһֻϣų޻ֻʹ࣬Զû
֣ҷǹȥһֱǷ
첦ͨĵ绰̩̹Źȥ
̩̹Źȥô潻
㲻ҪȫȨ𣡲̩̹ŷ֮ǰòҪ´ȥ
ǡ
Ļûʲôǣǵ˾Ǿ˵ְҵĻҲɱ㣡̩̹ŷ֮ǰй¶ȥҲɱ㣡
ɱȻĻֲѣͷ亹æӦǡǣ
ַʵ֣㿸ûɣ
û⣬Ƿ󣬰̩̹͸ңһǴһأô
ַЦȻû⣬̩̹ϵЩ˷ǿô
ַȻӦҪ֤ά˵İȫһҪǰַ޾ַ֮ɲˡ
ǺǡȻû⣬άɶõ˲ţʱҪ۹ҪһЩͺˡ
ַͶ̸һӣô
ַ֮󣬿ά׻Ƶ۹ľȫ룬̩̹óһƬˮ
ɣά
άʹԱǳ𾪺ƣַ羹Ȼ̸гɹ
άҲûжʣΪ϶ַǿ׻Ƶ۹Ľ
̩̹ʻ׻Ƶ۹֮󣬼ǰٺУԽ׻Ƶ۹ǧ֮ˮѾԽ޾֮ıԵѾǲκιҹƵ
̩̹֮һƬ츽ӵͼϿڡ޾򡯡
άƬ츽ҲǺߵľأˮдĺЩƻǳǿ޾ĵҲֹڴ˵ء⼸ֻʮҴԽ޾򡣶ʮҴǹܻȥִĴھֻ˽˴ֻûһֻܴ޾ȥˣһȻЩϢǾڲϢԵĿɿ
ַ꿨άĻֻĵ˵ͷǵ츽
άûΪʲôȻָߴԱƬ졣
ܿ죬ʻյĵĻ֮Ͽ˵շʮֻ޴ÿһֳֳʿ
άЩˣоǳ˼飬ûжʲôֻǰַĻȥ
̩̹ͣ˵Եʮ˼Ԧž޴ķ̩̹ŵļװ֮ϡ
ַ統Ĵʥһս֮޾֮Ʈ죬̹˺˴һܣ죡
һֱפ̹˶Կõ̹ıأϴַ类˴ܣˡˡַ϶Źˣ
ַݼ˵ˣǵĵˣ׼ȫɱһ֡
ݼû֣Ӧַ硣ݼףЩַԼȥ
飬ַҪĴʥԴβҪַͲݣ
̩̹ŵʮʮ˷ֹĴֻľǳ̩̹ţҲֻǴȥѯѯʣִʲôĻҲܰʲôæ˵ʲôô
ʮϴ֮󣬷ִһ˶ûУʻյλ˹ȥ
ַ˼ʻյţһ˳ȥ
ʮ֪̩̹ŵģ߳һˣʮǳơ
Ϊ׵䲻ȵĵǲŴ˵
ַƲ͵ЦҾĸˣûоǵĴûһĽͣǵɡ

һͨྐྵȻǰ˵ĻȻַǧڣûܷһߡ
Ϊ׵ŭ֪ʲôˣ
ַЦҪΪżΪˡңĸ˭
Ϊ׵Աߵһɱˣ
ովԼ֣ȴԼֱ۶ˣĿ֮ӳһɫĿ֮һ󾪿֣Ȼء
ңǵĸ˭
˿̵ַѾʹһɱоһϢֱ̲סһһƲסԼȥ
˶û뵽ǰ˾ȻǸǿߣ
Ϊ׵󾪣ϵŭʢɱǵˣ֪ʲôˣˣ
Ǻǡǿ֪˭ôһ˶ʶңѵĲʶң
ϸĴַ磬Ϊ׵󾪣ǡַ磡
ַЦʲôճ죬ϯȫôòϳŶ㻹ûشҵ⣬ĸ˭
ɫǳѿôһλ᳤ǾǱַܶͽĿռ䣬»᳤ǵʦܷ֮ȫַͨ磬ַǲݵУ
ǳʵǸڶ쳽᳤
쳽ħʿ쳽ϣ֮֮ô
֪ˡ
ַĻһ䣬֮е˹ȥ֮֮ÿ˵궼İ룬ɣ
ЩЩħޣҲ˲䱻ַɱ
ַ粢ûɱΪ׵ȥ쳽ҪȫѲϴɾң
ŵĻɢַҪԼæʧĶӡ
ַԼȥƽᣬ鶼ݼԼôȥɳݼһԣʲô¶ҪݼȥôԼΪضֹڴˡ
ַҲóȥɱˣ쳽˴һ
ַһ°ڵİ߶Եȴ
ַһսһ㣬ݵվں̲֮ϡ
Сʱң֮ķħִӵϿճΪ׵Ӣ޳֮дһ˿аħʿ쳽
ϣ֮ƮӸ쳽һ쳽£쳽ûø޾Ԩ˵ſħ
쳽õħ֮ҲӵȥַշǬ֮ϣ֮Ǵ£ֱӽ޾Ԩ˸ȱڣ쳽˻˳
ٶ˴ӷħ϶£쳽˽ıƽַ磬ַ׵ľ봦ͣ
ַĿеһɨַЩ˵Ϊ
쳽תĸ֣ʮλʣʮļʮǴڵˡڵĹ潻ս쳽֮⣬ûܵס㣡
֪쳽Ҳû
ַԴַȻһת쳽ת쳽õ޾ԨſĺڰַԺڰȫߵģ
ַ΢Цſ쳽ϣ֮ʶ쳽֮ʱо쳽˻ȻЩɫֻ˵˵ѣҲƮӣҪȻᱻƮݺ
ַ΢Цſ쳽쳽û뵽¼ˣһΪϣ֮Ѿˣû뵽󡣡
쳽Ҳ΢ЦţҲû뵽һߴɵĴȫûзȴϣ֮ĹھھȻһֻĹħᣡ
ϣ֮쳽ַֻһСɫֱԵСɫ쳽ҪĵЩߺħô½Ĵû뵽ŪˣԼƮݺûлμӣû뵽ĹھȻԼԵˡ
ַɵЦţϢͨûһֻ˹ħᣬ¸Ŀᣬ֮󣬾ֵ顣
ַ硭쳽ͷһȻ̧ͷ֪ʵΪʲôҪôΪʲôҪռĻĴ󶥼ңʱҸ߲㶼ܵӰ죬ԻᱬĴս
һսܻǷǡ᳤ܻ̻ʡħ᳤ܻ˹Ĵʥɱң㽫ɱôܲʱҸûǣҲûҪ綥ĴΪУĸҪɱңǺĸ˵˽˶Թĸ˱ҲͰˣǣǾȻͨͨңͨҲͰˣǻұĪеҳΪһӯɱ˲գ۵ĶħЩǱҵģ˽ұƵ˾·ԣҷҪĴ󶥼սôҪֲҪң͹ĴʥͲҵĴ
ַ˵Щʵַ籾һˣַûгΪһ֮ʱ𣬳УЩƶĵƦåζַ֮ززԣַƶӵƽĳƺţַƶ˵һӢۣ
ַ磬һµķΪߣַҲ֮ı䣬ֻ죡ҪһӢۣҲھԵʵ֮£ЩӢҲΪˣ


264 ַɣ
ַ粻ȥӢֻۣƾԼԼ˺ںˣԼĳˣַҲһҪɱʲôַѾȥƽˣ˵ַ޹أ
һжַĴַ粻ȥǱˣǱǻַ磬ַء
οַѾ繫УΪλҪȥ˵
쳽üͷһ𣬡ַ磬Ĵ󶥼أͨ˵ҲأնĴʥĴ˲ûйϵҲִֻѣַ磬¶Ҫȫ֣ʼǵļ԰ѵҪһִݻԼļ԰ô
ַЦ˼ҸԼǴˣҪһޱȾ޴ĸñӸҴͷϣͷСŲʣУǣ֪ôӦȫ֪ǻɱңˣÿһ˶ɱңôɱҵˣֵȥԭô˽˶ԹɱĴʥɱǵϴĴ󶥼ɻԸңΪǵϴ󱨳ǲΪֻˣһжƽˣǲˣһжָ
쳽ַ磬Ҳ˼ֻҪʣµΪУǿ϶֣׷ɱ㡣
ôʼҪԸҵʱ򣬸оǸӣ󣬾ɱңԭһͻǶԸˣǾԺͣǾôõôңħѾһǶ½ٲߣǺԺͣܶסѹô˭᣿ʥҲǱһǰλ᳤ǱҴܲȥ˱Ŀռ䣬ЩǷŵô
쳽Զԣַ˵Щÿһǲݵľ棡
ַҪɵӣǰԺͣͻͱӣЩ˽⣡
οֲĻ᳤ܴƻ᳤Ļô
ַ쳽˵ٶ࣬Ҳⲻֲݵľ档˶໥ΪУȴûа취
쳽֣ҲΪУһϣ㹫ƽһսӮˣƾ㴦ãϣֵܣӮˣҷߣ
ַоǳ֣쳽˵Ĺƽһսôһ㶼ƽӮˣҿɱ㣬ΪһŹֵôӮˣߣô潻
쳽ԴӷǴ֮󣬷ƴ˻᳤֮Ҳ֪ұһĵһţǴ˶ҳ谮мӣǷ˻᳤֮󣬵һ¾ǴǵĸЩˣȫ죬˵Ǹ߻Ѱ̹ıأһ㣬ǰԶڴˣ
ѾǣȻȷȶڲ֮󣬻ὫЩԣַ磬ڲǵˣ
ַ絭ЦţǵˣΪǷǵˣΪȥ˱Ŀռ䣬Ϊңǲűţǲǵô쳽ǲ˵ҪҺҵȥԸƣԸ֮ƿشֻ֣֮Ըң˵ĶԲԣ
쳽˵ȻǱַһеġ
ַҪԸƣԼԸһƣһûзҲҪǵ쳽ֻǵˣԶܳΪѣҪ־͹ǵжˣ
֪ڲΪУ˫ĻǶкô
ôǺкôΪҵǿ󣡶ʲôôڵʲôǣѵҪȵǳɳǿ֮ٺΪô쳽Ҿ˻һսҲɱ㣬ң
쳽â䣬Ȼˣԣսɣ

֮һ˲䵽׿⣬ת֮ʮûзӦô£Ѿȥ
ţַ쳽ķȥֻ֮صַС
쳽󾪣ַ磬Ϊ
ַЦ쳽ȻתΪҲʤң
쳽ٴ𾪣ַ羹ȻܿԼΪ
쳽ΪΪԿսʤַ磬û뵽ַһ֣ʶսϵϢȻϢ
񴫳ߣ쳽ַܵϵϢַ֮ΪôҲԼΪϷŰ׹ַ羹Ȼ
ûҾһ˵꣬ȫˣ
ַ绰ϣʮȥЩûһܵסַĽŲֻҪַ֮Щ˶֣֮ոЩ˵
쳽ŭһַǰһڰϢ쳽ϱ쳽еħ֮һĺڰֲַȥ
ǰֲĺڰַûܵĴ㣬ֱ쳽Ĺĳ˹ȥ
쳽Ȼַ羹ȻԼĹһǰ壬⵽ô£
һ룬쳽֪ô£ַֻӴڰ֮ЩֲĺڰֱʧӰ٣
쳽Զ벻ַеĺڰߣ
ַĴ쳽Ĺħ֣嵽쳽쳽ķݺݵ˹ȥ
쳽ӽֵħ֮ϱʮ׳ĺâַľħӭȥ
ַٺһЦȫ̩ɽѹһ趯žħѹ쳽еħ
ѽâӴ˲䣬쳽оޱȾ޴ѹһɽԼݺݵ˹
ħַΪĳɱӣ쳽ܵģ
쳽ħһ˲飬屻һҵ˵ص֮У
Ȼ⻹ɱ쳽ֻͻ쳽˴쳽Ҳܣһ֮±ˡ
쳽¿쳽һб£׷𾪲ѡ
𾪵ͬʱжʮ˱ַո꣡
ַһɱһ㣬ֺ飬սȫһ浹ɱ֮֮ûһܵס
ЩַĹַȫӣھķЩԶ˵ԼַֺֻЩʮʣ
ʵĹַǲεЩʵİΧȦ֮УûȥЩʣǼɱΪˣ
ַɱʾ֮µˣȫԸʡ
쳽ӵ³֮ʱַѾ֮նɱЩҲڼ
̰ǹ£
ַ֮Χתţַžħʹ˴С
ǽʹ֮ǳ죬һ˽ħ˰˸ʵĹֱӽ˸Ƭһ֮ĸǽĹոЩʵꡣ
쳽Լһ£ҧгѣ
쳽ַ磡һ
ַȫȥ쳽ոʵ쳽ĹһֱӴַ崩ַʵϡ
쳽Ĺֿ˻һ⣡
쳽˻𣬡⵽ô£
ַɱߵ˸㣬Ҷеĺڰߣõ޾ԨſĹǿҵ϶ûõġ
㡭ô֪
쳽ĺ˼ڲַ罻Σַ綼ԼԭԺڰߣô֪ӵſ
쳽ͻȻһǳµ⣬ԶŴ˵ֻ֮һ˵ǿֻǿŶеĺڰߣΪǺڰף
ħ֮ħħ
ĸ߲ͽַеϵַǰ磬һСС̫ԭɱƽУ֮䵱һֲ߻ƽ䵱ңߴɲμϣ֮ϣ֮߳Ϊϣ֮ھʥŮСѩΪ£ŻߴɱȪˮͶΪУɱĴ󶥼ΪУĴʥʥﱻ٣ǻ᳤ַܣħַһֲ߻֮»𡭡
쳽ٲȥȻַ񴫳ߣҲôǿսѵһħ
쳽ͻȻϢһҪȥַһħϢһԸַľʥأֻҪʥسַǿҲԲܺʥؿ⣡
쳽ÿôַȻ˵Ͳܣ
쳽ӰһѾ˰׿⣬ַ粢û׷һѾǧ֮⡣
쳽ΪԼѾ˰ȫ룬ֻҪĴͨѶַһħϢȫ֯ȥԼҲмֵ
ǵ쳽ٴһ֮󣬷Լֳַ׿⣡
ô£
쳽ȻתͻȻԼǰվһŮˡ
Ů쳽֮ڣҲ쳽ߣ΢Цſ쳽
ôܣһ˽Լ֮ڣԼôûз
Ůǳ˼
ҪǣŮûκε쳽ȫоǰŮһͨˣ
һͨôԼ֮ڣܣһʥҲԼ֮ڣûз
ŮǿߣǿߣŮҪɱԼԼһʬˣ
쳽Ȼˣһգ۾˰ϣ쳽Ķͷ亹ֱŮ֮ڣ
쳽ûٺˣҲûг֣Ҳûзָ֪ǰκηûõġ
쳽˭
ݼЦҰǴ͵ġ
Ů΢Цʱ쳽ԣ쳽ܿ˹ַˣ
ףŮɵĵô֪ҵȷַŮˣ
ַŮˣ쳽һ飬ַŮ˲ʥŮôȥħô½ôǰǿصŮ˭
쳽ĵ㵽ʲôˣ
Ҳ޷˰ɣҲɱ㣬ַȻ㡣
ϵ˵İֻǴڴ˵֮УĿһǸǲܵ£쳽Ů˵Լ񣬾ȻĪˣ
ΪŮòɲʵΪ˭ò쳽ֶһµʵ
ʱַѾոһʵ꣬˻һӰ쳽ǰ
ַ΢Цſ쳽쳽㲻˵ҪҹƽһսôҸᣡ
쳽һַ磬㵽ʲôˣңǲһħ
쳽֪ԼӲַģ֮ǰ֪ࡣ
ַЦӮңҾ͸㣬ˣȥɡ
ãҺ㹫ƽһս֮սҲϣһˣ쳽˵ţƳһݼ
仰˵ķǳҲһּ쳽Ȼݼ֣쳽оݼ֣Լһжס
ݼ쳽СˣַԸ´ࡣ
ַû˵ʲôֻжȥ֤
֮޾Ϣַǰתţַ˫ֽžħ
쳽Ѹٺַ˾룬еħǿĺڰϢ쳽ַ֪ԺڰߣԼȫһսҲûãҪħſ
쳽ૺҵſԸԼȡǿǰĵˡ
źڰĴ߶쳽˫Ŀɳ֮ɫȫĺڰ˲ڵľ磡
ֹͣ쳽ΪתƬ̣ͻȻʽһֱʥԲľ磡
쳽Ȼ뻯ſǿЦЦˡ
ӴĺڰϢռһŤΣһϸСĿռѷ챻˺ѣߵͻľ˲䱻ɡ
쳽ǰɭЦַ磬Ȼƽսɣ


265 ޾֮
ַƲͣŭһſҪԸôҹ£
쳽ͻȻо֮һʹһԼ˲ռԼ壬쳽һԹһǰһС
쳽ˡԼͨһڵأȫţǳĿַ磬ħˣſ֪ˣħ˿ˡ񡣡
˵ĶԻ쳽Ȼһַħ쳽ԶܽϢȥˡ
ַ絭ĵ֪߲Ҳ㡣ɡ
ſ֮ĵħˣ񱻷ӡ޾Ԩǧ꣬ʲôʱƿ޾ԨķӡǾȳ
ַɢһϵϣſӦ㣬ǧ֮ھԽ⿪޾Ԩķӡҵȫȳ
ſһ󼤶ħˣſȴĽ٣ſȥˡ
ſ֮ʱ쳽㾹ȻٻҵԸˣһȥɡ
һ̣쳽˵ϣһûǡ
ݼʶ̽죬ַɲκ©֮㣡
ַ罫ʣµʮȫɱ˳ըִ
ַ֮ݼ̩̹ţάַݼ翴һ㣬ܣɫ԰ס
ŵĴսЩͨ˶ѾȫǵⷶΧֱħõӰֲ
̩̹׼УǰˮһҵĻζţ沨һص׷Բ֮ڵĺˮֳ룬ž޴Ĺ޴Ӻһ̣Щµϣ̩̹֮ϡ
˵Ŀⶼӭ˴Ӻˡ
ַ򿪲ţΪ׵ӭȥ

ַ磡
Цţȥַһܱ˷ֿ
̹ˣڸѲߵ̹˷ս֪ͨˣǷսѾ
ַ磬û뵽ôҪˣŮ˵ȥ㣬Ҹ㣬һ֪ȥأˣպãҾͿԸһˡ
ңַһ룬ܿʹӦˣӵʮ֮һ̹ŸȻڵսֻ磬ַţɳԼһ
̹屻ӡ޾֮֮ףΪ֮µ߳ӡ֮⣬˶޷ΪѾԲΪپĻҲͻڷӡ޷
úȥԺʵԸ񣬻е츫Ů϶ģԣúַ磬һ԰ַ磬Գɳһá
ֻ̹һСԴӵõ̹Ÿ֮󣬵λѾ̹ĳϼ
Ů˵ˣֻÿ츫̹ܽȳҵΪ̫ͣҪĥŮ˵õѡ񣬺ٺ١
ַźļ򣬡ԺǾֵˣҲһὫ˽ȳ
صĵ˵ͷ
ַ޾̹ĵ̰ɣ
ԣƬЩˮ޺ħ޵ĵ̣ڼǰͨģǺ࿪ʼɱħޣЩħ޼һԿ̹࣬˺ˮµ޺ħ޶ѡҲֹɱǵѡԣǾബֻһ޾򣬶ˮħ޵Ĺ
ַҲԼ޾ħ޿սǵĴûɣ
֪ͨˮļûģҪȥ
ַ罫ȥ޾֮¸˺
޾֮
ַ磬֪޾֮һĵ죬ǵ˶޷ӽ޾֮һأ
ַ羪ʵǵȥ
ͷǵȥ޾֮̽գȥʮֻ֮˶ħʱùѹסڵħڵħǵŮ޷֮ħڱȫ˵ǣ󲻵֮£ǵɱˣŮ˭Ҳܽӽ޾֮
ַԺȥ޾֮ǲʲô£㲻õģǷǻٺһߡ
ĴУѾˣҵȻҪͬѣҾԲһų򣡡
ַͷ΢Ц
ַʶҲµûڶħûзٵѹѾڷӡ︴ħ͵ϵħ֮ȫħʱ鷳
ʲô鷳СٻĵСţɲҪˣǵĶ֮иŮ񡭡
ħǳǿҲ²ݼҲһħĶ֣

֪ͨ˺޸ħ޵죬ʱ󣬺ˣ̩̹ż𺽡
̩̹ŰȫĴ޾֮һ·˲ٷ籩ǿĺħ޺޹ݼ֮£һжữΪС
ݼȫԸıռκι
̩̹֮ڽӽ޾֮
ƽףħһƬ̩̹綥״ﶼɨ費޾֮κ
ַά̩̹ͣ޾֮ǧ֮⣬ݼʹ˲佫ַ͵˵찶ߡ
ħ죬һɹɭϢֱ͸ͨ˻Ϊ͵߽ӴЩħͻܵӰ죬ħ
ַоϢǳУЩϢԼһ
ȷħķӡӡѾʮ֮һħֵħйֻҪ߱ħ֣ͻᱻħħ־壬ֻ޵ɱ¾
Сٻ˼˵ﱻӡħѾڶħħˣ
ҲʲôֻнӡŻף
ַʵôȥ
ô϶ݼҵӡȱڲſԽȥҪȻǵܽȥô
ݼʼʹѰҷӡ֮һӴ֮˲޾֮ħʼɢӵʱ䣬ħʧݼһ׹ַ˴һȱ޾֮ȥ
һ룬һɭֲĵǰ
ݼ
ַ緢ݼɫǳѿǹһĨѪ
ݼ΢΢һЦû£ֻǺ˴֮ڲ䣬һͺˡ
ݼΪ˴ַ˽Ѿ֮
һƬĻҰ֮ɫԵĻľûаɫȫɫɫȰɫȡ
˸յ˵죬ԶɫĹצ˹
׶ߣȫĺɫƬͷϳһ׶೤ĺɫǣۣ˫ĿѪ죬һ˿־ĺ⡣
ַһħֵַǣЩħ޶û꣬ɵȻħֵϢ
󾪣ȻϣڶħֵϢѾеħһħģħѾ˵ڶħ֣ﶼѾħħֵƣ
ַûôŹæʵ飬ô죿
ϣħûڶħ֣ĻݼҲĶ֡
ַɱֻ֮һͷħַ˵ķԶĴħޣ
Щħ޶ȫɫļªǸֲ֫ƴճһһ㣬ַ֪ЩħޣǶħ
䵱ɽһսΪ鷨ʦٻ޾ԨĶħַȻһ۾ϳЩª
Ķħ϶˺ϵħħǴ˿еĶħڶħֵƣһ˿ƵĿܣֻ˵
ַ硢˼ࡢСͺܿս״̬ݼûг֣һԾָ
ȻݼھˣеĶħ޷ӽݼʮ׷Χÿжħ嵽ݼǰ棬ᱻݼ˲侻
ַ籾뱣ͺսַ翴ǵһ˹ȥźǰ壬еĿ츫˽ɫսֱʴԲ
ַȻֱӿ֮֮һƬƬĶħΪҽ
˼࿴Щħһ֮ɫ׷ľЩªĶ֣֮ÿÿʽȥǺ飬糱ˮһĶħȫһ浹ɱ
ڸС鶼ǳˣһһƮ˶ħȺ֮Уû˿ôֻ֣߹֮ЩħΪ˻ҽ
ڸСΪʶ̽ⲻݼʶҲ̽ⲻΪڱŸСֻȥӱˣΪߵĸСȻûκܿ
ӹǧħɱ
˴ɭ˹
Щ˺¡ڷɫ˲Ӻȫռۿÿ˶ǳᣬɢǿĺڰϢ
Щħ֮ˣ
Ϊ׵һӰһѾַ˰֮⣬ĿĴɨ䵽ݼϡ
ǵʲôˣ
Щħ˷ǳԾǱӡħ磬Ȼ˵ӡѾ𣬶ռͲܴ
ݼѾָ߰˰ˣվǵħɣǻûʸ˵
Բѣ֪ʲôطħ磡ȻӡԾħ磡
ַʱǰ֪ħ磬֪˭
ַ˵ţħ֣ɢһħֵϢħϢ
Ϊ׵˿ַϵľħٸַܵϢ̲ס˼Եڵء
ħҲȫһݣڵһӲĽĤݵѹȥ
ַֺħŭȣǼ˱ħ¹򣡡
Щ˵Ŀ֮ж˸һʹ࣬ŬʲôЩܿ˵϶ָƽ
ƽħͻȻͬʱ˻һ֮˫Ŀĳ죬Ŀ֮а˿־Ĺߡ
˵۾Щħһ
군ˣħѾ˵ڶħ֣Щƽʱʱħ˵ڶħֵЩ˾ͻᱻħƣħĿܣ
ݼʱĳ𣬡ħٲҾͽȫĨɱ

һЦһͷɫڵĸߴӰ֮ǰ
˿ǳӢһʮ߰꣬ɫûһ˿Ѫɫһ۸߸ȫɢһ޾ƺڸˣһ߸ϵߣ
ħĿĶݼǹааЦû뵽绹ܿһ飬ҾȣҾȵǣһħһΪʲʲôţŶˣ뻢ڡ
ףٵˣλŮǿ츫ôŶ̹ˣΣջ󡭡
ħĿƵ˸Сϣһ˿ȣȻ͸ˣ
˭
СĿ⵭Ŀħħ˵ڶħ֣ħȻħֵӡħ壬ͼΪһħҸ㣬ҪΪһħҪӵħѪûУõħ֣ʱħֵᷴɽƣֻħֵĿܣѾԹԵĽڶħֽħ¹˳ħħ㣬ִԲ򣬽ֻ·һԾڴˣҪ··Լѡ񣡡


266 齻ս
ħЦҲʲôˣҲΪʲô֪ҵļƻЩܵסҪΪһħʲôһħܣԽ𣡵ûУȻ޴Լħȥ磬Щ޴֪࣡õʲôħ࣬ȴ˵ħЦⱾһЦħħܾͳЦ
塢̹ħõʲô˵ǱյõֻǱӡ³һеһжħ޴Ϊħħ޾ħӡ޾ԨħҲӡ޾֮ǧ꣡һеһжħ£ʲôʸħңʲôʸ񣡡
һħʲôҪħ壬ҪķӡƣҪ޾ԨĶħȫȳҪħˣҪ࣬Ҫ磡ҪħеĵһɶҲʸͳħҲһħ
ħһ˵ô࣬ת˷ŭħ˵Ķûдһжһʵħħսࡪħ
СҡͷЦô˵Ķʵҳϣ˵Щ㱳ħĽڶѣֻõħ޵еѣ˵Ķô
ΪħĴս֮һӦ÷ǳħǧ֮ǰΪʲôҪħ綼ᱻħռ죬ռ䣬罫֣֮ħǿӦۿʱۺϵΪ˵õħЭ飬ֻҪħͳһ棬ħͻϵۺֻ֮أǣϵۺħӦϺռ崦澧ڣħ棬ⲻͳһǻ𣡶һжϵۺۻʮž֮Ů֮ıǣʱû֪ı
ʱֻħ;֮Ůӡסħڣ棡ħ̸Уﵽһ£ħ;Ů磬ħ϶ԿħŮ磬ħħ磬ǩԼħΪУߺƽħ֣Ůעʮ֮е˺磬ħڱסƽʱħ;Ůûۡϵۺʮǳʹħ;ŮƻǵļƻıȻԸħ磬ɱħ;Ů
С˵࣬ħսյ࣡Щ鶼֪Сٻ֪ǸСȴ֪һУ
Сۺϵۻʮ֪ħ;Ů飬˶ѹĵףΪû˸սŮħʵħ;Ů֮ѾûһǳͨˣֻԼһάһ壬ʱۡϵۺʮڽħ;Ůġ顯˵ǵħֱǶ裡ħ˵ħ˾Ůһҫ
ԣۺϵۻʮ˳ı˾ŮҲ˾ŮħǩħƽԼ֮ȫƵħͷϣ齫ħϢռ䣬Щ֪˻ĨɱŻʹħ壡֪Ů̹ħվһߣԲܵǣ
Сħŭȣħ˵˵ħʲôΪħµĴս֮һ㲻ҪңЩ㶼֪
ħ˵ףɫЩѿЦ֪һôѵƾЩ赲סҵĽŲ
ǺǡСЩмЦ˵ӣִԲֻ·һҸ㣬ߣ
ߣ
ħһߣߣ
ħڿԼԵĵˣһ飡һǷٵӵߣһǿ츫ӵߣһһħһߣ
ħоԼȫɱˣߣȻ͸
СЦѾ֮㽫ɥڴˣԣ˵ЩֻһսħһΪһħһħҲ֪ǲܸıģһ˵ˣΪ֮
ַڸСǳ˽⣬һ㵽ħħô
ַڿɲҪʲôΪ˿̵ַֻڳɳ׶Σûеͳħĸ߶ȣҪĴħ縴ˣΪħ
˿ַһħݸܴȥַҴҡڵȥͳħ壿
ַ뵽С϶㵽ʲôõĽԼѹħħ˳ħ
ַһֱû˵ڰԼǿСǬħ䣡
ַҲûа취ַ磬ħٷӡ֮ǰһʮתǿߣ˵ڶħֵڽ鶼ǳ
Щħˣһɫʥǿߣսݼ϶ħϣٵʥǿߣַԺڰ߿Կס˼ҲһʥʥԲȻԿסСΪߣĪ⣬Ӧû⣬ַĵģ̹ŮúԼַɲոԼڻңĻַԺкȥ̹Ů
ħһЦҹ˳ħҼطܳȥôҪΪߣҪܵģѵΪߣôôΪǲɸıʵʵǣĲʵ㵽ȴˡ
СԺ֮зһμͻȻӳԺ֮С
ʦ֮ǰŸС֣С˵һ仰Сסܵģɸı˵־Ϊ˵־ı䣬ȫһУԼжϲҪġ
ȻѾұʵôҪıʵ׶ˣˣֻҪҿ͸ֻвңֻҪɱ㣬һжı䣡
СЦɱңΪôɱôǧǰħսʮɱңûгɹƾ㣿
ЦʮԸ㣿ħŸСĻ
СĿĶħħóħĻᣬᣬ㽫ó
Ѿȫħڶħ֣ٵõһħ֣ҾͿԳƷӡң£ѵҳһħӡ֮ôôҾͲܵסڶħֵ
ħĻ䣬ͽȻʥͻȻʧ
һɹɳħСλþ˹ȥ
ˣ
ݼӰһæַ硢˼ͺ˴ǧ֮⡣
֣˲ӣ϶꼰㣡ħʥѾħħתơ
Сɫͱ䣬ͽȻʥһʥ֮ħĹӭȥͬʱСһƻ͸״
䣡
ײƬֱ˲ݻ٣ը֮еĳ֮ϵķӡסʧ
ħӡȻӡȻһͿԴݻٵģûħӡħ͸Сһ޾֮Ѿûˡ
ħŸС
ûҵĹԸãȻ㲻ħڶħ֣Ҿ;ɣ
ħĹâƾ㣡ʹһҪȼմͲ壬ֻ壡ͳܲסͷţ
ôΪħĴħѵϲô
ǡħͻȻһ˿֣־ֻһԭ㣬ǾôڵܶԸô
ħɣ˿ݼѾСߣ޾屬ݼлûһõ֮֮͡˿лһɽһħ˹ȥ
ħŭһ͵غ˼ףһ죬Աߵһߴ׵ɽ屻ħӲݼ˹ȥ
ݼ֮ľɽħľɽײһ𡭡
䣡
޾֮һ󶶶ħӡɽбը֮ɵһɶ
ַ˿һĻͣһֻ־һ׸ߵɽ壡
̫ǿˣ
֮Ķս񾳽֮µ˸Ͳܿħӡ֮أħӡȥ˴󲿷ַֹ˲Ŀ
ַȼ˶ִⲻġ
ַ籾ΪԼѾǿˣǺԼһֻ϶ѣ
ݼħת֮ѾǧУڿʼʱַʱǿĿ˵ַʲôˡ
СҲսݼ֣ڽħһδɣ
ħ嵹ɳ֮⣬Сݼ׷ȥ
ħûأվڿУһЦȻ˱ǳ򡯵
ַ˸ȥ֮ʱһ󲻹Ĳݼ͸СǰĿռ䱻˺һѷ죬漴˱˽ȥ漴ħӰҲʧ
ַ󾪣æʽ飬ô£
ݼ͸С˱ħġ򡯣׶༪٣
ַ缱æʵʲô򣿡
߾ſ˵ҲףҾ˵ͨһ㣬棡ɱԼ֪ɣǽȫԼ磡ٽһĽԼҲ˵ÿһԼһԼ򣡶ÿ֮ϵĵ͸Ǹ͵õ
˵˺ַܶ࣬绹ǲףַ֪ԼڵΪⲻ飬ֻҪԼΪ־磬Ȼͻס
ãͻȻ𣬡Щٸʥɱˣ
ַЦãҵǬħڶ
ַľǬħ䣬ǽԺͻֲͬԵоĿ֮²ըַԴĵڶǽԵۼͱըڻԺͽԵĻϼԣ
ϣ֮֮Уַ͸ϣ֮ǵ֮ƽһ˿ӡǵϢƽԼڵ͸ַ磡ڵԵ
ַΪ֮󣬾ͳʱԼнİڵڵѾȫַҲﵽ˴ڴԲľ硣
˿ַ̣ڵĽԡԺԵѾﵽڴԲ磬ַʹǬħĵڶ㣬ϣ
ַûͷŹַѾͽʵΣǳֻȥˡ
ַһֱ֪ںϵжǿһֱûлᣬ˿ʥַʵõƷ
ַתԽ˼ͺ˵ǼʥϾҪ嵽ߣ⼸ʥˣϺˣҵĴԳ˵ǣ
ƲͣȻַĻַ磬ţˣҵʶѾ̽⣬ûеˣ
ַʶܺͽʶ𣿺ο˶ʥѾһ̽ʲô
˼ΪŮ˿̣Ȼַ֪ʱ򲻿ȥЦַ絭һЦСĵ㡣
֮󣬽˼һץ˺Զȥ


267 սʥ
ŷʥַЩţξԲκʧܽЩʥȫôԼ˾ɥڴˣ㽣鸽ҲУ
ʶɨѵıը룬˿̵ĽһΪϸָӹ١
ס
ס
һס䣡
ַ罫ֲͬԵǳļһŭһ
Ǭħ䣡
ַ罫ȥͬʱתӣ²ǲڵ߶£˻һĲӰ˼ͺķ񱼶ȥ
ʥַһУȻԶȥ˶Ϊַǲսӣжһħӣ
ʥ׷ٶַķȥûַСʥڵĹһֻϵĹûʲô
˭Ҳ벻ЩȫἸ˻
ͻȻеʥͬһʱɲס˽ŲһЩʥΪ̫ͣͲԵڵأ
ʥһͣ˾ֵĹâ
һֹ̣ס˽Ųתӣ
ǣһѾˡ
䣡һƬ޴Ģ֮УЩʥ綹һ㱻˴޾гƬ
Ģڼ󣬳ıըռ𣬻ص޾֮޾֮ڵĺڰħ޶ɪɪ
ַ֮ɳǧ֮ıըֳոЩ˵ꡣ
ַʱպãըʥм䱬ըԱըںϱըʮϣЩʥһ㣬޾ķ籩ɡ
ַѾͽ˼ͺ˻ϣ˶𾪵ſַͣԼԼĹо־岻ѣ˼ͺ֪
вԾģ૵ĵַ磬㻹ô
ַǿһң
޾ķ籩˺ſռÿһֻҪ籩ĵطһͺͺһƬһжΪУ籩ըըһֱӲŽʮӺȫֹͣ
һ紵ɢ˵ϵĳ
һлָƽ֮˵Ŀɨս籩ĵطѾһϿȣ
ַ֪ħӡ棬ӡ˵ĹѹƣʹУһǿ󼸱ֹ
ʥֻʮʥԲ˳֮⣬ʮ˶ˣ
ʥַ꣬оԼͻתѾתַ֮ܵǰӵʵǿ󣬶֮жϸϸİɫƣǰһתʱദһɫƺһγһͼһһͼȷĸַ磬ⲻģҲ֪ʲô
˼ͺжĵ˿ַʱͻƣԾѣַͻƵĺܿ죬Ǽʱ䣬ַ֮Уַ絤֮ڵļҪͻһҪȫѨλתС졣
ͻַ֮ŸоԼľһŵľѾķַһľʮλʥڼ׿ңңǰÿʥɫһƬҰף۾֮ȫ޵ķŭͿ־塣
ַĹ̫ˣѾͨĹЩʥȥ
ַҲûжʮλʥȻʮˣַҲóȻǰɱ
ַ磬еˣܿۡ
ַĻǿԼǴԼ
ڿʼַʱ򣬵ȷַ涼ǳ⣬ַӵħѪԲַôСˣҸտʼʱַѶϣ£ֳУˣ
ַı仯Ҳַ磬Ͽַ硣

ʥַ˲ǰѾ²ַ緽ŵһֻʹһΡʥСһ󣬿ʼ
ַתͷԽ˼ʮ˵ʥԸ˵Ըû⣿
˼û⡣
˼˵Ŀ⿴һº
ʱַͽ˼ൣĵĶǺַԺڰߣټȪˮ˲ַƣʮʥսû⣡ַ粻ǶԺڰߣһʥַ綼Ӧ˼ΪҲʥԲľ֮һʥٶҪ屶ϣԿӦʥʥҪԸĻַͽ˼Ҳס
Ҳ֪ĿǰŵҪСңǵŮҷӡ˼û⣡
ַͽ˼۾ʱһ
˵ţ˷ӡϵϢֱʥ
׺ȫļڼȵŤȫ£һɹǿӺϱĵӸԼľ޴ʹ࣬Ǻҧһûпԣ֮˵̹ŸһȦޱҫ۵Ľɫ
ʹ˷ӡĺֳֿ츫һصսһ㣬˲ӡ
˿̣ʮʥѾߵ˾ʥַ߳˹ʥжޱ޼ʵĺڰռ䡣
˼˵ҶԸַ磡
˼˵꣬ûһ׶೤֮ÿӶһ£ſռһļٵ
˼ͷųʥԲǿϢһε˵ʥһ̣ѾʥĶʮ׷Χ֮ڡ
ʥ˼ǲòѡͽ˼սʥַͺ
˼һʥݺݵĶһУ˷׷׺˰ף֤˼λʥʵ൱
˼һѺӶ֮ʥȥ˼һҪǣסʥַͺɱ˵ʥ
˼λʥһУ̽λʥʵ˼ˡλʥÿ˵սͽ˼಻£ÿʥǴ˼ǧϹΪս鲢ǳܱȡ
֮̽󣬽˼࿪ʼʥζ˼ҲֻѡҺʥսûʲô
λʥ˼˿ûѹǾΪĳ
кȻͨӦټһԱͬٶȿ屶ϵĳ򣬽˼ɵελʥİΧȦ
ʥϵķǳĬʥǿ󹥻ʼʱ򣬽˼໹л֮ǽʥƵƵ˼ѹֻܽԼĳսӵ˸߿ա
߿սӵгĽ˼мƣʥΪǿ߿ԷУ˼ԾʥİΧ֮޷ֻܷжܺǿ֧š
Ȼ˼ʥ˸ƽ֣˭Ҳκβ˶ԷǾö֮ģ˼ཥ·硣ǽ˼ٶȳʥ屶ϣ½˼ܣ
Ȼ˼ӵбȵ˿౶ٶȣٶ͵ϮҲûκλᣡʥ϶֪ٶȵƣڽֵʱϣؼ汸ȫ˼͵ϮĻᣡ
˼ʥķǳѣҲֻǣסʥ˼ڽһжѹַͺϣϣ˽ʮ˵ʥԼ
ַͺ˴Ҳǳѣַ翪ΪֻתѣЩʥȻˣǶʥԲľ磡˶ʮ磡ַԺڰȫߣַ϶ͱ⽴ˡ
ַԺڰȫߣʥǿߵĳһδεĽַɣȪˮַӶŲ
ߵҲǷǳ⣬Ůӡ֮󣬶ʥõķǳɬȫǿƲ˵֣ȻӵǿʩչȴûôڼʥİΧ֮£᧿Σüβ㱻Ҫ
ַļ٣ȥԼһܣ
ַǰ˸ʥ˸ʥһδεȦַַ꣬ÿζöԺڰߺǲٶյߡ
ַ룬Ȧ޷ⲫΪҪأ
ַԼԺڰߣٶʥȥ˳Ĵʥ֮ݺݵʥԴϷȥ
ʥмĶַ磬ԱߵļʥҲ׷߳һţַַ֮綼߳˰׿⡣
ַһȪˮֻı
ЩʥҲַ֪кڰߣԣ˸ʥѡַΧַⲫҲֻⲫַܽ磡ɱһħ
ַһħҲʥԸҪĿ꣡ԣնɱַǵҪ
ַһЦȴľʱ̣
ַɹЩľַ壬˿ַȫͭǽһ̣ټһ˵Ĵﵽľħⲫַġˣ
˸˽ַΧм䣬϶żȷŭЦַһɱǼˣͶַ֮ǣ
λʥʶȫַ磬˶ţַΪֻھ磬ڰ˸ʥ֮£սҲ޷ѣ
ǰ˾벻ַиǿʶû˵ʶϢסַģ
һħˣ
ǵħ˲һħ㲻䣡
Сӣ㻹ʲôͣ
ɱǼˣҪ
λʥΪԶַ硣
˸ʥϢסַ߿Եķ򣬽׵İΧȦС󣬰ΧȦѾʮס
ʮס
ʮס
һʥţַ߷ɣַ绹ûзӦһʥֳŽַ߷ɡ
ַһһ˸ʥȥַûаĻ֮ʥֵٶ̫ˣַ͸Ͻ࣡
ַ粢ûкȪˮǽ齫Ȫˮٵַ룡ַĻָٶַԼȪˮָٶȵʮϡ
ַȻ˺ܶͭǽڣҲ޷ʥȭӡ
ʱ򣡡
Щʥĳٶȱַǿģʱ£еĹĳַԺ
ַѰһᣬѰһһɱϵĻᣡ
ʮӹ󣬰ΧȦѾС˶ʮףЩʥƤһԸַ磬ͷźͷйǶַĺ⣡
Щʥܿ췢һ⣬ַ类ôãǺˣ
ΪַָƵٶȣЩʥĹϲϵģΪǴԵ
˷һ̵ʱҲֹ֮ͣ˹λʥޱȾȵĿַ磬ַӵϷ𣬺վǰͬʱÿ˵ʶַûκã
ַааһЦħͻȻ֣޾ַʥֱĿȥħϿգǷת֮
֮ľ룬λʥ޿ɱܣ
λʥҲûдܣַĹЩмȻλʥҲˣʮ޷ıʵΪĲǲתģλʥַڵ˵ԼҲоַεĹȫڵĹôֱӵĴϵ¿ûκεĺкصľУûַ˵ʥ
ǵħ֮ʱַдȣ»ǣ


268 ѩ
ַʹǽʽ
»ǣһ־öֵľݵͣһ룬һ֮ڣԷʶĿἫȵļʧַľȥԿʥľеͲ󣬿˵ǿпޣʶڽýľȥԸλʥľЧ֪
ʶͲλʥʶԿģ
λʥͬʱо֮һƬհףһ룬˵ʶ֮ʱķ͹Ѿɢһ룬ͬʱоޱȾ޴ѹһֲɿѹ
˵һʱ֪ˣѾˣ
ħֱӽѹһ࣬ħϿշֱ֮ɶ£ȡ˵ꡣ
λʥɱ
λʥֻ𾪾Ӧ˼ͬʱַ֣绹ûдӿ£ߵķһһž޴Ĺײϣ˱ǧ׿⣬ݺݵҽһ֮С
ַٸ٣ȫ飬ܵʹ࣬ڵһʱ߷ȪˮΪַָ
ϵʹ࣬ѾַһϰߣԴӵһַǬʱ򣬳ܹ屻ռ֮ѹƬϢк޷Ƶʹַ֮Ѿоκʹ඼ʲô
ֶνǬк;κǿ߶սһδεĴݲУһδεȪˮָʹѾַ罥ľڵַ磬νǰٶ֣
һ룬ʣµλʥѾɽ֮ǰַ绹ûг֮ʱͬʱ֣
޾ĺڰϯɽڣ˵ÿιһһݻɽڣ
䣡䣡䣡
һһıըɽ忪ʼַȥ޾ĳһ޴ʯ˷ѹ£ַԽȥֻᱻĸѹĸԶ
˵ĹҲͣɽַ类
˷񹥻ôãһʥɽ֮Ҳɣ
벻ֵַסɽݵ֮ʱһʱѾǬǬһ΢Ѿߣ˳ĳһӲľʯмѷ˽ȥʯʯݣɽ֮еһ֡
ַ磡
ϤŮӡ֮ʥѾշ磬Ѿɱʥַ类ɽ֮ڣɽݣΪַѾɱ
ǰδеսɱʣµλʥʥȥ
ʥҲΪַ磬תķӭȥ
͵ĹһƿȪˮ츫һǰһʥȥ
䣡
ûнӽǰһλʥͱҷɣ
СӣΪʥôΪһħôӵʥΪʥôղɱʥֻǳʥǵѾʣ½ʣʮ֮һɱǣ
ӵұ֮ϵѪ˳ֱһֱ˿츫֮ϣ츫âʢ
зŭѣתȫҲҪսҲҪ̹ϣ
ٴγȥڽʥ֮ھͱһصֹţֺڰ⽣Ӻĸĵ˲䱻٣ȫʧأϵʥͲԼģʧ֮ɣѸͣܿӽԱԵ
Сӣͽɻǰʹñ˷ӡ
̹Ÿǵˣ
ʥûٳ֣ǵȴźԱ
ֺһƿȪˮٵĵڿٵĻָţʥҲĵõ˿ơ
ô£ʥ𾪡
ѵѵ˺ȵĶǴ˵Ȫˮ
ܣȪˮôô࣡
˴˵֮еȪˮʲôҩﻹָܻٵĵǴַôû£϶Ȫˮ
ɱȪˮ
Ҫ츫
ĵȻָʥҲΪ﷽Żٵȫɢ˿̵ĺѾȫʧȥʥһ
ʥͬʱ֣ȫʥϢֻԭص
۾Կ츫ֵܣԲˣΪ
츫ģ˶ģֻأɸıʵ㲻ģҲֻھ磡
ûſ츫Ļ˼ǱҲ֧ŲסҲԼַѾɱڣ˭Լ
ʥĹ֮ʱһߴӰͻȻںǰϤıӰһϲ
ŵ죡
ںǰַ磡ʥֹͣɽ֮Ǭ˳űɽ϶ٵζܿ˳ٵƶߡ
ʥһַ̣ʹ˾ŵ콫档
ʥĹȫһʮ׷Բĺڰ֮ϣںֽӴͬʱûг־ҵıըǶݵͣһԭ·أ
ʥ󾪣æùصԼĹһıըʥѾ˵֮⡣
ַΪʹþŵǵסκһʥĹַӵжкڰߵƣԲô׾ٵĽʥй˻ȥ
û°ɣ
һ㵣Ͱ͵ĵҡû¡
ԴӳΪ֮ٻŮķӡΪԼʥ֮һ޵еģŮַ磬ܾЩˬνĸ棬ӺһһֱΪһַԸԼַ£ǽַԼͬһλá
ַþɱ˼ʥ֮ʱҲΪַֻںУܲԸȥַԼǿڣַԼסʥĺһҾԼŶַȫ
ллллңַ硣
ַźļ΢ЦֵܣͲ˵лл֣
ħ㡭ôûʥǳ𾪡
ַ絭ЦţĿ֮˸һ˿ôħս֮ǰһֱһħˣΪħôɨ磬ܵУΪһħôôƾǣԶɱң
ôһλʥǰһҾף㳢Գ
ߵܣҪֻ֮ʣ֮һѾ޷ʩչǿʹãȡ
磬綼һħɱˣҲҪɱһħǵǺڰħЧֻһǱѩֻһ˲ܶԸ
༸ֹֻʥһΧ֮˲˱ѩ磬ʥѾֹҲֻڱѩ֮ߵһַսҪΪߵά
ʹ˱ѩ֮ʥڴţҲֻʥΪάܽѩʩչ
һħ㲻Ǵôҿôҵıѩ򣡡
ˣ
ַһƴ˺ؿڣȫûзĺ벻ַͻȻϮԼַ缸ȫһ
Ѫ׷ɣ˷ɳǧ֮⡣
˵ֵܣôݣ
ô˵ַ֪Ϊ˾ԼַҪԼһʥıѩ
򣡣
ʥıѩַ֮ʱַһʱ临ʥıѩ
ܣ
Ϊôͣôܻʹħ˵ⲻܣ
֧
ʥȴַʩչ˺һģһıѩ
Щħ˶һħȻ֪ħ򣬿ԸƱ˵ԸƱ˵򣡵бҪﵽ֮ſʩչַֻڣôʹУ
ʥַңңʥûַ˿̱ȫľо嶼ԼˣæŸάֲַͣҪԼȥ
ַоѩ֮ڣ¶Ѿ½ٶ֮£ַڸƱѩһ̣ȫͱ㶳ϢȫַΪϣҲǽɣַȫֻǿȥѣ
ԷպøַָԼϤ˽ʱ䡣
ѩ֮ڣĹȫǱѩ磬ڵĹȫ޾ıϵЩÿһʥԲĹ
ַıѩ˲ͻᱻɱ
ˣַ磬Ѿ׼ˣԽˣ
ַҲЩģϴʹƶ˹˹Ժ֮ʱԼҵǰ֪ͨʥسϾԼԼײ֮ɢ
Щû˾Լ
飬аô
Ѿ׼ʱ壬İɡ
ַΪʲôõ⡣
ʥûнַűѩʥıѩ˹ȥ
ַȥʱʥͻȻȥ˱ѩ
ʥħǧ꣬϶֪ħеǸƱ˵ȥͶֵײƵͶֵȫϣе˶ֵڣһ˵ôֻ֮һǾǡԱ
ʥڵһʱ䳷ȥ˱ѩ˱ˣɲ뱻Լըʥȥѩ˲䣬λʩչѩʥȫġ
ߵܣ
λʥԼɱַ磬ʩչûнֳȥôˡ
ʣµʥһŭַ˹ַԦ߱ѩʥڡ
ٵַʶ󺰣㣬ַ磬ɱˣҵˣֻάʱ䣡
ʥ˱ѩַ֮оԼһС
ַоԼ֮ڵϵԼƬصף
ָоַޱȼ죡ַܵǿ
޾ıѩ籩ʥϯȥʥߵķһڱѩ籩֮С
ַһ󼸰׸ߵıɽڿնʥĵط˹ȥ
䣡
ʥĿ֮г˾ֺͲ˼顭
һ̣ʥʶѾģ˼һϢнеʶΧһ˿ʶɢ˲䣬˶һѺɫǰӹ
ʥ֮ԸҳַıѩǶħǳ˽⣬ֳȥ֮ʱҲΪûһʽ޷ƣȫʧ
û뵽ַʶиܵĽ飬ȫԼѩ֧ʱ䣡
ʱ䣬ñѩɱʥѾ㹻
ʥַʥ
˼ɺʥսǧ׸߿֮ϣײ԰׵һ˿ѪɫȻȪˮΪ˼ԴԴϵĻָƺǽ˼ʥĹ֮ɽڽڰˣ᧿Σ
˿̽˼ʥս֮սҲַһοʥ֮ս
ǰַʥսǵǿһʤʹóԽʵʥصˣûʹͱַɱˣ˹Ǳַ縴ȥΣַĿʥ֣֮


269 ħھŷ
ʥǺڰ˵ͬһԴѾϺصһ𣬱ǵķΧѾϴǧף˼һȻ֮ȫȻϢǵֻҡ
ÿײռ䶼˺ռѷ죬˫ͻһ޾ɺɱ
ÿεײ˼඼Լľٶڵһʱܣǽ˼ٶȳԽʥ屶ϣ˼Ѿɣ
εսַ岻֡
սȥ˼ᱻƿַ޲ߣַΪ޷У߿յս޷֣
飬а취ôַļ١
ŸƱѩѾȥѾ޷ʥΨһ취Ҹ壡
ַ磬ô죿վַԱߣеʵ
ݼ͸Сħ֪ڽ˼᧿Σַûиоô
ַһθоԼôС
ʱȣݲַ롣
飬ɡ
һַ̣ϵϢͽȻǣŽ鸽壬ħһħֵȫַ϶Ϊһ޾ĺڰ޾֮һ
ǧ׸߿֮еʥڸܵħһħֵ֮ĳֽһɶ˫Ŀ֮гһ˿ֻһ˫ĿһƬѪ졣
˿ַ̣ѾȫƣַһԹһԼ屻ƣֱӷ˽˼ʥս
赲ʥַкڰߣԳʥû˿Ӱ졣
ַоԼճʥ޾ĺڰ˷ʥĹٵڰַΧûһ˺ַ硣
ʥͬʱһ㶣˶ΪַΪֻڣ˭Ҳû뵽ַ羹Ȼһʥ
Ӷеľħһʥֱȥ
Խʥʵ϶ԺڰߣλʥκιԽû˿ãֻӲȥֵľħ
ħֱӽʥ룡
ʥڱŷĺڰʼܿƵңصʣʥæתԼԷ˿
صͻȻƣʥʧأΪ˿ȥ˽һŽȶ
˼һʥȥ
䣡ʥûüָ˼ݺݵײɣ
һʥʥĿ֮£˺Ƭ
˼ɵʥƲԦԶȥ
ŭ𣬡ӣ
֮Ѹٴӡַ硯üһ˲ͳʥǰʥͷ­߸ߵķ
ַȻ鲢ûпȻֱ֮֮ɱٶȱԼʹҪٶҪǿһʥ֮Ȼ޷˲ɱ
ʥڱ
鲢ûأշУɢʶѰħλá
񾳽Գɵһ磬ֻʶܸӦĴڡ
ͷĽ˼ͺ
˵꣬˿һ㣬һַ̣Ӱʧ
ַٴγ֮ʱһڰ磬һƬҺɫĴɽɣܵĿ֮ʱ޿̵ɢźڰЩڰԿģԺڰߣַһ˲䣬ͻᱻ޾ĺڰ˺Ƭ
ʶһһʱ䷢ħ͸СսһӺһϿ֮ڡ
ȷֵĻԲѵݼһݼƣݼľѾӽԵݼ֮ɢº͵ݼһ˿ʶ֮ӣݼѾ䡭
֮⣬СħڽսÿεĹĹÿһ˵嶼ᱻԺǧ֮⣬˷ֻֿ֮·Էȥ
ַ翴СÿʹùħĺڰԺ֮󣬱Ѿõͻᰵһ֡
ַ粻֪ʲôоСģıӰֱʧ
֪ˣ֪ˡ
鿴˽սͻȻʲôŸСȣСҵľħ
һ̣ʶȫڽ˾ħ֮УСλ˹ȥͬʱַ¿Լ塣
ַ翴Сӵ˾ħ֮õӰ˲ʵС޾Ĺֵľħ֮޾ĺڰ
ڰ͹˲ںϣǰδеħķȥ
ǡ
ַ翴ϤʽͻȻʦĸ׵ľСת񹦣
ô£ħֻħſʹãСôʹãСһ飬ﲻʲôΪʲôҪøСʹþħ
ΪʲôСõħ֮õӰָΪʲôС񹦣
СٻͻȻ֪ˣû´ĻСǡħھŷ
ַ羪ȣʲôħھŷ
СٻħоŸŸǶʶ˷ֱ˾ھŷ޹Ǻħھŷ֮壬õھŷת񹦡ħս֮ʱħ˸׷䣬ǵھŷȴھʧ٣û뵽ռ䣬һӵߣжϣھŷһֻͨأת
ת񹦵ʩչħʼҵ𵴣ܿһ㣬ܵĺڰʼ겻ܿƵĺֱײ
ħȫͻȻһѪɫѾȫʵʻַǧ֮ⶼܸܵĿֲ
ǵڶħֵ
ַ۾Ϣ͵һħֵϢһǵһħϢʮϣ
СеתڱħڶħֵҲ⣬ѪһСλȥ
䣡
Сȣַ磬Ұͨݼߣ
ڱըһ˲䣬ʼһַͨͨԱ˺ַڵһʱ䱧Ż֮еݼ˳ȥ
ַȥ֮󣬺ͼĽ˼͡
˿߿յĳһĿռѷ챻˺ţӰѷһǸСһħ
СѪȪˮҲûκãħڶħֵڸСڷӣ˿̵ĸСѾΣ
ħҲˣϵԿüٶš
ħɫһƬҰףŭŰĸСЦţû뵽ħھŷͶ̥תֲħս֮ʱ˶Ҳ㣬ԭȥֻأĸ㲻ʮ˭ɱǰ
СһѪǺǡڸ㣬ҸûвμӰ˴ʮսħߵģħս֮ǰҾˣֻҪڣûɱһħûɱңǲҾͲǺǡ㣬ħɱģ
ħͻȻʲôֲáֲãԭħ֪һУ֪ᱳѾŮԸħ磡
СЦûΪħ֪һУǧ֮ǰħս֮ǰħѾ֣ħ㻹һᣬڳħɿĴħ֮һִԲֻ·һ
ħЦߡħھŷҵġħˣΪڻֹô
ֹ㣬㲻Ҫˣ㻹һŮħ棡㲻ϧķʮĹħڶħֵŮȥôıŮ٣ȫҵƿ֮УֻҪҶˣŮһ
ħɫһ䣬һ͸ɫˮˮ֮ϣܿһζεĻ棬ħ֮ŮħĻ档
ħһ󣬵ѾŮͨˣǸûƿϢߣʧˡ
ôСǰηĿħħ㲻ҪǣҺһսħڶħֵѾĵʣ޼ħڶħʱʱһħշڶħֵʱ
ħЦڶħֵѾ꣬ôڶħѾ˭סҵĽŲһССô
ħ˵꣬Ŀɨ˼ǧַ֮ϡ
ַ类ħĿһɨ͵ĲܿƵĵʮಽһѪֱԵڵء
˿̽鲻ַڸСеľħ֮УħʶȫСٻַѾɢ
СٻΪַ絲һ֮һƿڴħһҪ
ַףСٻѾʶش
˿̣Сʱ䣬ɸСڵĵڶħֵΪСָơ
ߣ㲻Ǻô֮ҽôҾۿ˶ǰ
㲻˵ħֵ˥ôǸŮŮ˰ɣһҾ
ħ˵ţһɫ˼ķȥǧ׵ľ˲͵
ãַһȥ˼࣬ԼߵľҲûħĹٶȿ죡
˼໹ûзӦħֵĹѾǰ
ħһֻʥĽ˼͵ס
˼࣬Ҳҵǰ
Сŭһȫʥʢ֪˲˽˼ǰıס˽˼࣬СԼİŮˣᣬ֮ı۾
ħӡ֮⣬С㲻ħӡڵڴҸսħӡС㣬ȫ
ԸСһʼħƭħ˵ħħħ
СϧٻԼǰħھŷħھŷħսһлǰš
Сʼղ
Сˮһεεĵ˽˼еķϣ˼еķһ΢ĶͻȻâʢֶħĹӭȥ
һħĹ߽Ӵ˲䣬ħڶħֵͻȻͣ˷֮⣬ûٹ֮ɢصħڶħֵɣ
⡭ô£ħȻԼ۾ԼĹȻס˭ܿסԼĹѾͷųȥĹ
˶֪ʲô
СΪԼɣȴԼúõվתȥ˷ߵڶħֵ
ţ֮ɢһʥһɱȣҪǿ󣡶ҪǿֻһܣǾ֮񡪡ߵ
֮лûһˣһŮӣһ绪Ůͷɫڣһ޾Ĺ֮Ʈ
ƺõģƺʵģһһôЭÿһκںϣɷָ
Ůŷ٣ĸңڸԼĺһ㡣


270 Ů
ħõӰ֮ʮƲסԼ־㡭㡭ô
СõӰ֮г޾ã֮һ˿⣬Ѿʲô
ҸСˣ
õŮĿ⵭Ķħϲޱ첻ĵôѵ㲻֪ôħѹħڣΪħŮˣħѳ飬Լ֣עħʱħûٴ޾֮£㲻֪
ŮĻУַѾ²ǰ˭
Ů
ըһַը𣬾þòƽϢ
ħ𣬡ܣ֪֣޷ۣȫʶôǿĹ
ʲôݣֻһССħѣʮתľѣ˭Ǿ֮һ˿Ϳɱ㣡Ͳ˵ӡҵ꣡Ǻ㵱ħһǿĴڣѵ㲻֪˵ǿô
ħôԼûƷ⣬ԶܳΪʲôһƭ֣
Ů΢Цţҵķӡַʽһҵķħڶǡ氮֮ᡯ
Ů˵꣬ĿŸСһͷ
Сһ󼤶ԭԼ⿪˷֮еķӡ
˼еƲŽߵĸСϳһΡİԼֻǰԼһ𡣵ǣ˾ŮĻ󣬽˼ףǰԼģԼƴǰԼԼôΪԼ氮֮ô
˼౾СǴ˿̣һů޵ĸж
Ů˶ҪһԼ˱ҪһػԼȥػô
氮֮᣿
ħ֪ħ;Ůమ֮꣬İĳ裡˵İȴبŲ䣬İ飡
Ůħߣػħӡػڶħ֣㾹Ȼħɵڶħ֣ħ֪
ħ˫֮ȫǿ־壬ȴЦŮǾħˣħƾʲôҵ
ȣ
ħ˵꣬屻ɣص˰׿⣬ħ֮󣬷һʹʹȻ޷ʱϵָӡҲ޷ָ
ƾʲôҾ͸㣬ƾʵƾħŮˣ
ַٴ𾪣Ů֣ħȻӦôֱһƳɣ
ʲôǿߣǿ
ħ亹ֱп־岻ѣԾɿЦбɱңѾȫħڶħ֣ɱңħڶħҲŻ𣡡
ŮһִԲԶ֪ħħֵжǿҲԶ֪жǿħħֵˣ½ֻħѪħӡǵˣ
㣬Զʸ񣡡
Ůٷϻһɹɵħķ˹ȥ
ھŮĹ֮£ħûС
ħһҵĽ֮пʼֻ飬ͺһ沣һ㣬ƬЩƬ֮󣬱һѷĩɢ
ħɱˣ˲Լ۾žŮжǿ
ħ屼֮ʱ֮һһɫĹâŮһץâѾץ˾ŮУһһâھŮУ˯ŵĹԱһ㡣


ħڶħ֣İ׹ǾħĽڣ
Ůתַ磬ĵӣ
ַ첽˾ŮߣĿηĶžŮ۾
һɹѪĸӦַĵױָӦȵһο˼֮ʱĸӦҪǿҡ
ַһ㶣ô£
ŮЦӣýţĸס
ĸףַо仰һֱַĵס
Լĸײħ½ôô˾ŮѲҵϰħ
Ůһ仰֤ʵַĲ롣


ħΨһĺӣһħڶħֺħĽ֮ħϢѾҾ˰ɡ


ŮĿһת˸СеľħСţҺʲôæħֵľħĽ㲻Ҫô
һ̣ħȫһ󼤶Ķ˾ŮС
СţЩίˡ
ˣСЩĺܺãСŷǳˡ
ȻŮ;ħĶԻֻ˺ַ
ַҲ֪ˣħǾŮħһ˾ǾŮħ񽣣ŮħΪ͸ħŸоħ
СţҶӵĳɳȫˣһҪҵĺӳɳΪһħʹҪҺħȫСˡ
ˣңСһУģСһɣ
ţڻȥɣҵĺӽڶħֵˡ
ٴλصַַܸ꣬о鼤˷ܵ顣
һ£ҪŪһ顭
ŮЦţ֪ҪʲôǲҪΪҺħĶӣ
ַͷ
Һ㸸֪ۺϵۻʮıǺħı澧ڣûа취һû֤ݣ޷ʱħѾ棬ҵϵۺʮĻͻңʱǶԿħңҲƲס
ڶʱֻҺ㸸׵ſ档ֻȥûеڶ·ߣħȫ棬Һ㸸׵Ҳֵס
Һ㸸׾֮ǰǵ;Ѫںϳһµһӡ֮ڣǵĺֻأǧ֮
Ϊ˱ⱻĴڣǾͽӡħ½һСҡҵȻСػûǸע⵽ңҲûǸңȫġǧ֮󣬷ӡͻԶ⿪ҲΪһҡ
ַףԼΪʲôҵػΪֹħѪѶѡַ磡ַҲףΪʲôԼһ˫̥ĸ磬Լֻǽһͨ˵
ӣʹ游ĸϵۺʮȳҺĸס
ַһͷ𾪵Ըӡ
ַ籾ΪԼħѪֻǻħĴУħѡԼԼѪȣַû뵽Լħ;ŮӣȻǽñ˵ĶƤĶӣ
⵽ʲô
ַһӸͽܲˣ
ߣַ绹Ҫ縺ϵۺʮʹھϵۺͳΣҲ˵ΪУ
ȻŮַ˵ַ壬帴ˣɱʮΪѩܣַûôϣһֱһһΪôַоͲܣ
ڣԼĸ׽ַ磬ɾͱһصѹַͷ
Ϊȷһ߲˵ܵþȳԼĸɣҪȳԼĸ͵Ҫ;ΪУ
ַоԼû·ߣֻһ·ӿʼڣһֱ·֮У
ַԴӽ磬ľѣһֱڳΪһħ·ϣ
飬ַѣΪĸ;ȳĸΣκ˶޷ѣȻ˵ַڻܲʵ
ŮַɫһƬҰףĵӣôѹһ˳Ȼ
һ͵ӾŮɢַԡ档
ַʱоȫ̹࣬Ҳķ


ŮеľħĽַüģĽһ󼤶ޱ˷ܵĴһֵܣҵˡ
ţڶħַüġ
ħַֽһ˲䣬ޱȵ˷ܺͼɺ
ףСţħһħҲǱˣûַϣ
ǵģַ˵껹ܲħֵǿַֻ˵Ϊľ磬ʶʶĸ߶ȲſħֽϣĿǰħֵҿţַ˵ֻһ㡣
šףСţô£ַô𣿡ŮͻȻǳŭ
ˡǸ
齫θ˾Ů
ţСţûй㣬ҵȪˮ֮ͿԻָ꣬񾳽֮£ǲӰʲôģܲҵȪˮͿԵˣҲСţʱԼ꽫ַɡ
һʲôꣿ
Ҷ֮ʱȪˮЩȪˮҲǾеȪˮȥ޲ַ꣬û⡭
ţˣģһַͻ֮ǰҵȪˮָܲһȥң
ŮҲ֪ħսռ½ƯƣܶصľضʧҵʶʱҲһжҪԵ
鰵ԷģһҪַͻ񾳽֮ǰҵȪˮҪȻϾûоħˡ
ڶħֵϢַȫһɹӴֵַĴߣħֵַڵľ粻ȫգֻһССĲ֡
ܿ죬ַΪͻƵıԵַޱĿ˸Ϊţͺһȫͻƣ
ԡԡͬʱͻƣһ룬ַͷһֽɫɫͻɫɫɵڣ
֮ϵϢԽԽǿַоԼڳǿ


ַһͻ˾תԲľֹͣ
ַ糤һڵ֮󣬺ܿĳȥ
ַѾھ磬ַǳϤûбҪȥ˽Ϥ
Ůɫһ䣬
ַͷǵһħ֮еӡѡҡ
ţܺãӣȻڷǳСĸףһ죬ͻĸһɨ磡
ţš
Ůʱͷתݼףô
˵ţһݼԡů֮Уһ̣ݼڵ֮ӿʼķѿһɹϢݼڿʼѭݼܿ˹
Ůݼϴ΢Цһ̲ȻŭʲôˣȻռõ壡
ʲôˣռݱʲô¡ݼоԼѾָұǰǿһͿǰŮŭԼԼһ仰Ͷ˹ȥ

ַһæݼǰһסݼ͡ԾŮšĸףҵŮˡ
ַоžŮĸףǳֿڡ
ĸףݼĿַ磬֪ǰŮǾŮ֮ݼվվˡԼȻԾŮ죿ŮȻַĸף
ݼоԼһ㣬ַ粻ҵô
˵ţַ罫ս񸴻Ůļƻ˾Ů


271 ڤħ
ߣʮٴӡĺܺáţλСŮѺƯǳ
ݼЩΣЩ
εǣһμ£ǣԼĹžȻǾ
Ůÿ仰̼ݼ񾭣ݼоԼһ㡣
ĸףһ󣬲֪ĸ״ܲܰﵽ
ַͻȻ˽˵޾֮Ͽշӡħĳ򡪡ڤħ
˳򣬾ͿԷУսԱ޾֮ķӡ˵ݼҲУôԾŮַţܰ쵽
ӣ˵ҵ֮ϣûа첻¡
ĸװȡ޾֮Ͽձӡڤħ𡣡
ŶŮ룬Ұȡڤħû⣬ڤħħõڤħ޾֮ķӡƣ֮û˽ƣʱ򣬿¶ֻῪսһȥ֮ͨҲᱬս
ַǧǰ޾֮Ϊֹս޾֮ϿշӡΪֹսѾȥǧ꣬Ѿƽദǧ꣬ϵ磬Ѿһ𣬹ħѾԶʧҲҽһңɣѾ𣡡
Ůüͷ壬𣿶ңԼĶôҪô
ǧǰħս౻ɱΣֻƵĿܶѣԾŮ࣬ԼĶҪ磬Ůǲ뿴ġ
ŮҪ֪ࡣ
ӣָҡ
ַȥİ˾ŮϣΣַеĸܵѪĸоָоڸַ磬ǰľŮԼ׵ˣ
һļƬγھŮʶ֮Уֻһ˲ʱ䣬ŮѾַ֪еĳɳ
֮󣬾Ůջ֣ĵӣûֻҪĵˣӦնݳõİ취ǱϾռǵ̹šŮ洴µĺƽ磬ԴӴʼսϣ̹Ů洴ʹռ䣬ͨȥ磬ΪáҲ뿴ԣӣôȥҪ磬ҪȥԸͨˡ
ַףҲȥԸͨˡ룬ͳһ磬ô֮䲢Ҫȥƣͨ˵磬ԶǴںڰ֮УʵϣڰһУߺͨ˵ǽɷָġĸ߲㶼֪ĴڣֻҪսȫ汬ͨ˵ս룬߸ʱ򹫿¶ˡ߹¶棬Կȥѹͨˣ
ŮѾףַͳһ磬ռߣϵߣ
ŮЦţӣô룬ȥôɡҪġڤħ𡯣ĸװȡǡ
类ͳһҲᱬսγһ£
ַдϲ
Ůҵħӡ֮߳ħӡ
Ů޲ħӡ޾֮ܵħɢ纣¥һ㽥޾֮׳ûȥ


޾֮Ǳħӡ޾֮׵һأħħڶħֺ;ħĽ֮󣬷ӡħӡ֮޾֮ħ죬޾֮ˮ棬޾֮ҲƯƣƮˮ֮ϣΣŮٴν޾֮
ӣߡ
Ůַ磬շȥ˻ص̩̹š
ŮַУɲǼ䣬޾֮Ѿʧַ۾֮С
ַ羪̾ʲôٶȣַоŮûжֻˣߵľȻͣıš
ٶȣֱ˲ƻ죬Դﵽ˲ٶȣ
ַ粻󣬵жǿ
Ǿڤħķӡ֮ء
ַͷ֮һ˫ޱȾ޴ĺɫһ͸âǷѹ롣
ŮĶڤħάâǷתâǿ޾֮ӡĴڣֻҪٵȻԵõڤħ𡣡
ַ翴â㷽Բ֮ϣ֮еϢޱ޼ʵ޾֮
ַھŮİ֮УܲϢַţâǷ̺֮ԿԴݻ磡
ŮӲĽâǷһַͨâ֮С
Ůʮħ渽ʮĲϢһƣʮ϶֪ǱƣҲ֪һħѾʱռ㣬㡣ӣһҪǣǧ©ԼݣҪڤħ𣬳ε֮⣬Ǽڤħκ˶Ҫɱ
ǣ
ŮǳģַڵΪʮַ֪һħԻὫַɱҡ֮У
˿̲ȡڤħʱַΪ񾳽磬һԱ֮󣬲ȡڤħʱ
ǾŮַܵǳӵڤħԼĸ׵ģСûַչַ磬ĸһ涼˶ޱȾ޴ѹΣŮоǷ̫̫࣬ȥܾӵҪ
˿ַ̣κҪֻҪŮҲһΪַȥ
ڣŮַֻܴЩŮʼհѲ˷֮еķӡʣʱҲࡣ
Ůʼǣ֮ȥ
ַ翴ĵطâǵǣ֮죬޴֮а޾ԴԴϵɺڤħ֮ڤħ£ԴԴϵΪڤħȫתɷӡά޾֮Ͽյķӡ
Ůӿ֣˹ȥӹ󣬾ŮѾâ󸲸ǣ
âϿͻȻһƬҫ۵İ׹⣬ţ۵İ׹ַ޷ܣַʶı۾
ַھŮ֮£κ˫֮Ҳ֪淢ʲô
ַһ۾֮ʱâѾʧַ緢ԼһƬǿ֮У
ַ󾪣ô£Ǵ֮⣡
޾֮ϿյķӡȻ޾ǿ֮У
תͷַ翴ŮϳһԳ׵ĺɫ֮ɢŵĺڽɫâ
ŮɫǳѿӰҲʼģַҲʧ
ӣڤħѾõ֣ڵѾʣ޼Ѿ㽫ħ֮ʮϢĨڣħɣ
ڤħҪħѪħֵȫɣҵ߻ħֵ;Ѫ֮סǧҪκηһҵͻὫ㷴ʶĨɱ롭
ַ˵ͷĿȫɡ
ַоһɼԵַľ֮УԼһڰϢ߷һ룬ַָоһɰɫԼü֮˽Լ͸Ѩλһ󽥽Լľ֮С
ˣڤħѾˡ
ַ۾ˣ
ţˡ
ַоԼձ۾Ů˵ˡ
ڤħѾںϣֻҪٻڤħͻ֡ҵѾˣӣء
Ů˵꣬еķٽ̸ַ磬ٵģһ˷ڡ
һָ֮ƽַŷ٣Щζ
ַҲʧһַ̣緢Լʧȥƽ⣬ޱ޼ʵǿ֮Ʈ

ַˣȴԼǿﲢûп룡Ѿ˴㣬һƬգ
ַᣬû뵽Ҫ̫ա
ַڵΪһʱͻȻֻҪַǬȪˮԶ
ĸ״˸Ŀ顣
ʲô飿
ӵڤħ𣬵ȫڤħֱӷɻȥͺá
ôڵΪܿסѹô
ȻУĸ׽Ȼ⣬ޱ޼ʵǿ֮У֮ĵط°빦ϣڤħ֮󣬾ԿԷɻص档
ַ粻⣬
ǣڤħܿƽ⣬һ¾֪ˡ
ַо֮гǳûУ
ַһٻڤħһַ̣оԼıһĸоţһɹǿİɫ徭ۣ˳űĸѨλ˳ȥ
ַ󱳵ļѨλһʹιǵĩͻȻһ˺ѣһ̣һ˫׵İɫַĺ󱳳˳ӴĺڰһЩɫڤַ̲סһ
ַеĸоڤħѾԼһ֣ÿһֶԼѪ
ڤħ򳤳˲䣬ַѾȫõ˿ƣַڤħչ߷ɣããǼʡ
ָоǳˬԼԷеĸоԺͳĸоһ㶼һ
ڿԷˣ
ַһ³ޱȵ˷ܺͼ֮УһСӵ˺һ㿪ġ
ףⲻĳô
ַ翴˰֮Ưһ޴ǣ
ٺ١ַͻȻֿµ뷨
Ǭħ䣡
һ̣һ޴Ģ֮лΪС
˵Ҳ͹ˣɡ
ʲôһû湻ҿʲôö˳档ʶҵǣ׻Ƶ۹жԵȫҵ˳һ
ڤħٶȷǳ죬ַо˿ԼٶȱʥΪŮٶȻҪϼֹ
ַݻһҵǣַһʱ𣬳׻Ƶ۹֮⣬۹ǱַһĴݻ١
һҹ֮䣬ȫĹҵḻֱ̌ǿƵļ͸߿ƼоȫַֹͣһʱȫԵľΣ
ַ֪˶ʧҵʧ
ַȻԼ뷨ֻҪƻ˸۹ǣЩ߶ȶʹãʱԼͳһ磬ͨĵĴսԲᱬ
ַ湻ˣҲˣȪˮָľ
ַǬ֮ڤħԼڿбƽ⣬Ȼڽָ֮¿ʼ
㱾ڤħڵڶħֵϢѾʮ֮һԵԲ
ַ˽Ļ˵ʲôڶħֵϢֻϢôʮ֮һϢ
ǣħֵֻ㵽񾳽֮ſʹãûҵİϢղˣʮ֮һϢ͵ְɡ
ֱַ˴Լħֵȴʹòˣͺһһȴж˼ʮ꣬һëǮȡ˱ѡ


ħĽѾȫʱյĽڵħĲ㣡


272 ǿ
ַ羲ĽħĲַڡ
ַͣ籾Ѿޱȿľٴεõչӵһַ羭֮С
ַתŹѭħַԼַǳСģڽİ£ַյٶҲǳ졣


ħÿõһڣ̺ԽǿַʱڽĽڵȫա

ţַ翪ʼͻƣ
һת
ַͷһɫɫɫԵĻʹڣ

ת
ʹڵɫַϵϢȷǿһ
ַͻƣʴԲ֮ͣ
ĺһַҪȴΧûϢַȱһܡ
ڵʴԲ綥ĴڣַЩǿߵЩоԼôС
ַǽ
ǽʽ·
ʽ͵ڶʽŵһ֮ŵǵס˵Ĺԭ·أ·ǬŲһĹ˵Ĺȫתƣ
ַ羲ããǿ֮Уַڸ·֮ʱͻȻӦһǳССĿԺԲƣַȴܵСǹԼΧתţǳܣֺƸַһϢ
ַĸ޾ǿ֮Ʈַ粢ûȥЩ΢ԼΧ
ǳ֮ǳַ֮ʶ˷ܵĴ𣬲Ӱַַʶ߲
ַŭûô߻ħǲǣ
ַ۾ԼΧɫǵΧЩǵ֮иܲκεַ΢ĸоÿһǵ̺֮޾
ַַǳƣͺһǳ϶ȷһ£һ̣ȴޱȵĿ϶ķ¡
˼̫ˣһߵǳ֮Խ֮汾Դǳ֮
ɶ飬ܲ˵һ㣬ò
ַȷַӽ鼤˷ܸ֮ܵܵǳһޱǿ
ޱ˷ܵĵǳ֮ǳҲʼ֮ʱ汾Դ֮˵ҲҲҪҸоǳ֮ǳϲ㣬ǡ
ַŽĻȥʶɢӦΧǳ֮Ϣ
ַȥֱЩǹ⣬ǷЩӺԪظ޷պ
ַԼ˼ͨʶӦЩǳ֮ʱЩǹ׷ȸԾһַüȥ
ַһûа취ȥֹЩǹٶԽԽ죬Ѹһӿַüġ
һַ̣оһֱ˹ȥ
ַٴ֮ʱѾʱԺ
ַ֮оԼƮƮû˿ڤħ֪ʲôʱѾջأַ緢ԼûڤħҲԿԼ֮ߣ
ַʶôǳ֮ɣǳѾ壡ʥµĹ˲㣡
ַŷԼƤӨÿһ鼡ʮ㣬ٸ֮£һļӲָоͺĴַ޷ȥӦ
˿ַòַ˱仯忴ȥûʲô仯ٱĸӾ£ÿһϸСĲλûȻһ壬κ˿˶һȻиС
ַӣоԼľѨλÿһ֯ϸȫǳ֮죬ÿһϸ֯޵Ļ˵ģ񾳽֮µ˸˲Լ
ֻ֪ǳǿ󣬵ǲûмǳ֮Ҳҵһμڻ֮Уҿǳ֮ọ̈̄Ҹоǳֻ֮Ƿһ֮ʧҲܲ
ַ罫Լ֮󣬾ϥ
ַΪԼ屻֮˷ܵĴУƲסԼ飬ûУַоһкԼģԼĶΪλҪȥ˷ܺͼ
ָоַǳ֣ѵǳ֮ܿҵҵʶ
Сٻ㲻£ǳֻ֮ȫľѣڵʶѾΪʶѾһͽʶԣΪľʶı䣬˼ϲŭѾʶ֮е
ַƶǶ
һַ̣ͻȻԼﾫʧˡ
ô¡
󺰣Ҳ֪
ţַ絤֮ڵĽԡԡʼ궯ַһæоѹַ߶оκãַооҲڽʧ
ַͽͬʱ󾪣
飬ҿƲסо취ҾԷǣ
ַɲԼԼը
ŭ𣬡ѾģҲƲס
Сٻַͽ𾪣Ƶĵʲôǳ֮ڸǳ֮Ѿַ壬Ϊ˺ַôĿɡ
СٻĻַͽŰ
ַ翴ԼڵܿƵĳоĿƣĳ˹ȥ
ڣַ絹ǵǳ֮˺ԼĵǣԼڵȫǱǳ֮ٿأԼȫûпȨָоַǳģԼʶٱƣô죿
֮ûвըҲûвκβӦںһ
ȫںϣ
໥ڣַܸоĵ֮мŵǹ⣡
ں֮ʼתתٶԽԽ죬ַһֱӣܲκӱ˵һ㡣
һֱתǽģַ翴ֹ֣߱ɫˮ
ַͷһɫʹڣɵĻʹϢǳǿַоԼһݣʣ
ַԾѣæʽ飬ô£
뵽ˣǳ֮ʼıԴ֮һӦÿԴ߷κԵĿǰǳ֮еԭ߷ˮˮԵɽԵ߷
ֻǽĲ²⣬Ҳܿ϶
СٻСţˮַ֮ѾӵֲͬԵͲľԵô˵ˮľǵԪϾҪˡ
СٻĻ䣬ַ緢ת֮еֶ֮һľ
˿ַ̣ͷ֮ϵʹһԣԻʹڣ
תܿһƽ⣬Щǹǳ𽥴֮ɢʧ
ǳ֮ʧҲֹͣת֮ܵһ໥

ͻȻһʼڣһ̣һȭͷСͼַĵ֮ڡ
ַоڵİ֮аԼǰԵܺҪǿ
⡭ʲô״
֣صĵбغؼУַ磬ɹˣ
ʲôɹˣ
о߾硪򣡡

ַͷ֮ϵ˲ѣһԵͷ£ַԡ£䵽ַĽ£ַ³һԲʮ׵ĽɫȦַ档
ַ߶оһ룬ɫȦ˲䱩ǣ˷Բ׵Ȧ
ɫַоԼ˱ըԵڣһΪǿߣַҲִܽܣ
ţһɫַ֮ԡ˷Բ׵ͽɫص
ˮ࣬Ʈ첻ַоˮٶʮϣ
ţ׷״ַͷ£ַͷĻʹҲ֮ʧ
ľκƣκľ֮»԰ٷ֮ٵٶϺͻָ
򣬴ſ񱩺ַܵ˻֮ȼ
ո£ַоԼķʮϣ
ľˮص
һԲ׵İԣַĽ¡
ַվܵ˽µİ̺֮ǿˣ·ʥַоһԼǰԼҲ£
ַ磬Ѿû뵽ǳ֮ôǿ󣡱һΪϼħӡ֮µģڿһжԸ㶨ˡ
ַʵϼħӡô£
ϼħӡӡħħ֣ҪǣӡħħŸǿģӵħǧ֮һ
ǧ֮һжǿħӦòǵˡ
ħǧ֮һݼǿסģʥصʥҲǿסģڼ㣬֣ħûɵħֵĻӦû⣬ˣҲס
㻹ûиңħӦòǵˣΪʲôҪɱ
ΪħѾħƣħɱԼķͽԼħַӡϣħֵħʱһħȳϼӡڰǰɶ϶ħӳħԳ岻ħӡȻħӡôֻһܣħħ֣ħħ˵ħ֣ħ϶˵ĶԸ˽ˣ϶ħֵѹססˣԣΣǱɱ
ĿħĹϵ
ŶˣҪһҪʩչȥ˱Ŀռ䣬ʩչɱκˣô
ַҪʣʵĳ嶯ѹԼĻԼʣȻ˵˵ĻҲûá
ַǽַľѾΪʶǽĸǳ죬ܿͽʽֻûжȥѡ
ڵʽʽʽַȫַڵ޷ȥʩչַţֻҪһʩչ
ħĲ㡪ħ£һٻܣٻ޾ԨӡĶħٻٻߵľǿַľٻʮʥΪĶħȻЩͽΪĶħַٻǧϰ٣ַûٿ֮С
ַ罫ħ֮󣬽һ£ڤħ
ڤħһŸȼֻһѡڤħ𲻵ҪһҪǿ
ڤħ޾ǿǧѹʮΪά޾֮ϿյķӡѾʧȥԭŮѾʮڤħָ˳ʼ״̬
ǿҲҪַԼڤħϣȥһǿڤħԼΪȡ
ҪڤʯǽڤʯҪıʯɣҪϳڤʯҪʦϵĶʦܶʧʷǳߡ


273 
ַ罫Լ𽥵ڤħ룬ڤħڰʢѪĸоٴεõ
ǿʱַ֮оڤħѾȫӦԼڵԼҲʹڤħ𣬵ַܸоԼڤħ롣
ڤħħıԴҲǴİȴûħԴڤħֻǺڵħѪϣûкϣֻȥӦҪħԴħֹһſԣǸʱܷڤħ
ǿڤħַ֮չ߷ɣԼٶӼ
ַҪǧ񹦡
ǧһֱͣڵһ㣬ַҲûжʱȥַȫѾﵽһȫµĸ߶ȣʱַҪԼеļһ顣
ַֿʼϥĬǧ񹦵ڶķַľ񾳽Ѿﵽľ磬һĹһͨ
ǧŹַҹڽǧ񹦵ڶȫ͸
ڲ͸ַ֮ĶͷѾһƵĺˮַãԼľѾﵽľ磬ڶ㣬޷͸΢ϸںͱ仯ǿգǽСٻַָľҲ޷ɣɼŹѶȡ
ǧ񹦵㣬ַڵľͷԡ
Сӣ˵ڶˣһ
ַվǧ񹦵ڶ㡣ڶ㣬ǿԱ任κģûСΪ

ŹתַɢһֹĹâһַ̣忪ʼΣŤ
һֱɰСèȡַվλãСèգſɰĴ۾ǻԼ
ַûСèСè˿ԻιȥַûСèλϢСèһģһСèҲֲ壡
ַָԭһ󳩿죬Ԧڤħǿ·¡
һʱ֮ԶԶĿһСɫַ֪ǵַûԼһ˰޾ǿգļ԰
ַһֲʵĸо
ʱַ֮˴㣬ַסУΪܺ
ַٶܵһͣͷǳСַĸٷкĦΧĿռγռѷ졣
ַһ·ɹ߸ı˺ѷ죬ЩѷȻ˺ַ壬ַоԼڱռѷٵƻ
ַٶȣڴ˽⣬ַ֮ǰֻڽ֮̿ϿΪ㡢ƽ㡢м㡢ůɢݲ㣬жϣĸʱſԷɹ
ַڴ֮УеĲ죬ǻǲǵ˺ռѷ߻
飬Ϊ޾ǿ֮УٶȷУΧûпռѷ죬Ϊһ㣬߾ͻֿռѷ졣
޾ǿ֮УûκιƵģһ˵ռķΧͻᱻռĹơռ䣬ͻһƣڵΪ磬ɶɲ
򣡵ʲô˭ƶÿռĹ򣿡
СռĹǴƶĹҲÿ֮еĹ񶼿ƶ֮Ĺֻд˵еǸ˲ſƶ
ַ粻ʵǸ˭
ɡ
ʥʥǰϺϿʥʾһУޱȺȻ
֮󣬴ϵԣڸý϶ˡ
𡣡ϴ˴ϵĻ۾æȻǶˣ㻹ǽɣǧ϶
ðɣԺַ¾ͱˡ
ʵϴַ絽ʲôˣ
Ҳ֪ʥ֪ɡҪˡ

ַٴλص̩̹ţַ֪һ·Ѿȥ˰ʱ䡣
ݼС˼ٴοַ֮ʱоַòЩ仯Եĸо˱仯ֿ˵仯ַ֮ظУ˿͸ĸо
̩̹ٴ𺽣ھ׻Ƶ۹ˮ֮ʱַ罫ֱ̩̹ӽ˶졣ַάƿڴַ粻ˣȻַ￨άѾһĴڣӦǵ飬ַ粻
ڷʱַǵʳ֮мһȪˮȻάʱоʲôǵѾõ˸죬ǵҲӳ˼ʮֻ꣬ǿά˲֪ѡ
ҲӦַ粻˺⼸ˣľ˶ѣ̩̹ţ׻ƾ첻¡
ַ˺ͶһصַܲҪģɱַҪ᳤λã
ַڵľȥƻȥʲôֱӺݼ˴ܲ
ܲͼ߲㿪ᣬͻȻӰǰ
ʮλ󾪣˽֮ǰûһ˾쵽һ֤˵ΪӹǵʶӦ
ַ磡ͫȻĳ˾֮ɫ
ַ֮ʱҲһ𣬷׷ȫ
ûҡ֮ˣҲúúõһˡ
Цַ磬·㲻ߣƫƫҪǵĴ㣬Ҳ㣬㾹Ȼ죬ʮ𣬼ҵǬҲӲ
ֶַ֪ηǳ࣬Ǵ˿ԼߵսԺɨ磬ַ統ȫĴʥУַǬܣΣַܲǬĻᣡ
뻢ڵĸо
ôҵҪʲô£
ַ˵ţȫϢǣֱӿ¥ַ֣
¥֮ǧ˸ܵһ޷ֿͻȻ˷ϯЩ˵Ϊʺ֮£ûиʲôͱַĽʳƬ
ԸЩûߣͬȼͬȼ֮µΪǸ޷ģ
ַڶԵ֮ڸоǿԼɱһεģ
˿ַ̣ǰٸʣַȫɱ
ַɱôˣûаı仯һЩ˶ˣڶ˿ַЩȥ˶ϡ
ǿߵľ
ǿַ̲ס˷ܵĵͺһ
Ľ򣡡ͫٴо
һߣΪſǲоַΪֻʣͲ⣡
ʮλַ֮ҲȻַΪʣЩóʵΪ޷ַֿóԽʵֻᾪʥصˣ
ôɱôַ絭ЦţһȭԱߵһλֱҷɣݺݵǽڡ
λǳԼٶȣȴûжַĹ
ݼʱʥ඼ǽȥͻƣҲûо٣ҲûоܡĴǸһ˾ܶԸҲɱʥ磬ͲǳԽʾӦôĵطЩ˷ŲеȨŲǰЩˣעһӶ޷ǿߣ
Ŀ⿴ݼôȥҲݼΪһ룬ʥʶֱӱһײ˻ȥ
ۣ
̲סһѪ
ʮ󾪣Ů˵ʲôˣȻ֮˵ΪʥĻ᳤
㡭㵽ʲôˣ
ңݼЦţ˭ҪҪҵΪˣǡ񣡡
飡
û˻ݼĻҲֻ񾳽˲֮òˣ
磬ʥ֮⣬ô飿
ʱҲףΪʲôַһֱԿԭһǿ飡
ݼʲôʹɣҵãʥص˾Բᷢǣ
һַ̣ľħ֣дһϻ꣡
ǽʽڽ֮£Ľֱӽ¥Ʒ¥һʮĴã˿ڵĵطǵһٶʮ㣡ϵʮ㣬ֱӱַݻ٣ǹʴ֮»ΪһƬʮ㣬ûһӳ
ֱɱɱûκεķַû˿ı仯ַֻǰĵ˺Լʽ
ţǹǳһ㽫ʮλͲڡ
ʮͲַĹʾĹǹԳʣԽڣ

ֱʹʥסַĹʮæʹֵַĹ֮Щæҡ
ɢΧǹ֮˫սַ紭ϢĻᣬʥȫһַȥ
ʱ򣡡
ʥĹַ粻дʹʱ򽫲Ĺȫһַ̣м󺰣·
ʮĻĹƺȫַ磬ںַӴͬʱȫʧһַ̣ľħһӣʮĻӾħ֮бʮķȥ
ô£
·һеãȫԽֵĹתƵĿ֮ϣзǳķѾתԽǿĹķѵľԽ
ַʶѾΪʶӴתһʥĹȫû⣡
ʮλʮ֮ĽĻ޴Ӷܣʥȫһ޷ģ
ʮλλɱŸˣ
ַ磡ѣһɱַ磬û뵽Ľ
Ȼֻǲ뷨ѣ֮ݼȻߵս˿ģݼԲַµģݼΪǲԶ벻ġ
ⳡսַսַ֮սѾһոµĲΣѡ֣һʿ϶Уʮַõѡ
ħ£
ԷľŸַʹ˾ħĲ㣬ʮԨħַٻ˳
ŸҪ˵ַʮ׷Χ֮ڣ֮ǰĿռ䱻˺һ޴ѷ죬ֹŲоֲѣţʮªޱȵĺڰʥѷ֮˳
ʮħʥսĶħֻһ£һ룬˵İ˿ԴѾҡ
ӣ
˸ӣַϵϢٴαǣһɫ˽ɫ֮ϣһ˲䣬ַٶʮϣ
ַ׷Բмİ˾ȥ
֮£˵ٶܵǣƺӰ죬ʮ޴Ķħ˰ˡ
תʹǿʮħ˹ȥЩħͲ˵Ĺǰȥ
ʮħںڵ֮ϣͭǽһ㣬ֻǽʮħٶȼһЩʮħˣ
ʮħһŭ˰˸𣬰˸ٶַˮӰ֮¸޷ʮħĹ
һҽ֮У˸𱻶ħ˺Ƭ


274 Ծ
ַ翪ˮ֮Լֱȥ
Ҳǽ򣬵ǺַĽֱϵַ֮Ľкһ֮󣬻ԵѾתÿһԵޱȴ֮ڣ̫ʣֻӳɶѣַӱȫ
ܣַΪܷС
ڤħ𣡡
ǧ񹦣
ڤħȻܹʹãǧ֮ħ̬ıʹ֮ɫһƬףħ֮ɢʥϢ˭Ҳϲڤħ
ַ򲷽ķ׷ȥ
˿̣ѾһƬֻ֮УĴսѾĳͼƬƵϣýļ߶׷ֳÿֹ̨ͣĿţȫдսš
ʵͼƬƵҲĳһЩըĳ棬˫ս򶷹̣ͨ˵ЩӰĲȫϴ򶷵ٶȺͽ࣡
ݼȫһڸǣݼûôַҪһսӺڰ߳˶֪ߵĴڣ
ֲڵһʱϵֳֻ˱ըٵܲһƬƬѪûзκ˻ʬ塣

ַ粻ĸڲ档
ߵķܲķ򣡲Ϊ˲ܾԼ
᳤ܲڽӴͻȻĿƳ˴⣬һɻһʱо˿ǿ
ֻӰһѾ̨һ˿УԶһââĸһɫĹâ
ƣң
Ѿ˷ƶڣƴһԲ˭˵
Ƽæ򲷽ķȥͲ͡
˻֮󣬷ƿˣɫ쳣ѿ
᳤ô£˭ܽˣ
ûлش𣬶Ŀǰȥ
ƿˣɫһ䣬ַ磡
ַĿӷһɨѮңһ֮дŵ֮ɫ
ַͣǧ׿⣬ĵ飬ȥᣬȻǶˣһˣʡȥˡ
ƸоԣȻоַΪֻʾ磬ǵֲַͬԵĵͺʹ֮֮Ųַ׷ɱĪļºͿ־塣
Цַ£ˣǰλ᳤۲ʶ̩ɽ͸ΪУ´ܣȥ˱Ŀռ䡣Դϻ᳤֮λ֮󣬸ûΪУҲû͸ΪС
ַȻһһֺ֮࣬Ϸôǰ˻Ļ᳤ôôҿһթˡ
µĳƺһǶԼ𾴵֮ͬ˵ĳƺھȻƺԼĵˣ
ַ絭Ŀŷƣ𣿾֪ͨͨҵϢģѾȫͨ׷ɱңⶼûйϵô
Ƶַ£ЩȷģͨͨϢǰλ᳤ģġȻͨ˵һЦŸҲ⡣ȫͨ׷ɱµϢϢʼʱҲǷģԴ֮ҵȷǿȣеø£˵Ŀԡ
ԣַ粻⡣
Ƽǵġǿǰλ᳤֮󣬽ֻħᣬ󶥼ôӲְػƽ⣬󶥼Ժܲÿ춼СһЩǿǰֹʱҸλ᳤ְ֮ѵЩӲôҷȫͨֻǷ˳ȥҲûɳĸȥѰҸºͶԸ£ֻΪӦЩߺͱȨѣ˶ѡ
ַЦȻŷƵĹȷûеǿѰַ磬ΪƸϻ᳤λãԼǿǵ൳׳ԼȹԼĻ᳤λãԸַ磿
ַ絭ĵԭһᡭȻ᳤ĶԸңҲͲƽˣǼȻǵˣô᳤ǿ϶ˣ᳤ԸⲻԸվߣ
ֻˣȫȥַͲ֮սַʵħᣬȻʵȥᣡ
ԣƵȷֻԱַ羮ˮˮַԲܸᣡ
ַҪͳһ磡ҲҪͳһ࣡
޷һ߲˵ַͳһİʯǧǰԭʥصķģʥصĹϽΪһĻǵְǵⶫìܡ½ߣֻ鼰ÿ䣬Ȼϣһʵ
Ҫͳһ磬ַһȫҪȫƵ֯
ַĻףԼܳˡڰԼǰֻ·һַΪУڶַΪѡ
ַΪУƲұַ֤磻ַΪѣԼ᳤ô罻
ɫ粻ʱоѡ
ô᳤ѾôǲǾúΪѣ޷˽Ҫɣɱ˲Ҳ鷳ģô
ַ仰÷ƺͲͬʱһ𣬶һ߷ȥͷ˾롣
ǳ˽ƵΪˣ˿Ȼʵһ۲۵αӣΪԼõĶʲô¶ĳڷƸո᳤ְλ᲻ȥģԲַܺΪУ
Ʊǳᣬ֪ǿַĻ䣬ͺԼ˾룬ȫǶԼΣ
˾ַ˻档
ַ治ɫſԣҲԣν
ַڵʵûбҪȥΪԷ϶ʲô
ƵĿ֮һ⣬áɱ˲ϣ鲻Ҫȥ
ַûд𸴡
ŷƣŭģŭȵƣ޳ܵСˣɱңΪַŹô
ǺƵŤţͻȻħһ㣬ɱ㣬һһҲɱ㣬ҾˣΪҲ֪ôַһ飡Ů񣡡
һ֪֮ǰַߵǸŮ˭ˡ
ַˣæʷƣô֪Ů£
Ϊʮ֮һʹŮ£ǵȥЭͶ˹ֻһûüȥˡ
ַͷ
˵ԼǻʹΪԼ̧ۣЩַûһãǸӵĿ϶ַɱƵľģ
ַ޵ľϵۡۺʮΪʮ֮һʹߣַܻŹ
ˣţԷƵҪɱԼܣԼҪҲҪŷһµ֪ǻʹ֮ʱĿһƬҡ
Ҫңɣ
ƾһƬɫ򲷽ȥ
һӵӭ˷ơ
ʶʶ
ŷƵĻ䣬Ƶ׷Բͻ䣬һȼţ죡
ƽ֮У
һ˲䣬Ƶһûκ͵ĳ˲ĽɫһƬƬĽĲһ㻯һƬ
һ룬Ѹٵͣ
ַͫһ£ҪԱ
䣡
һʥԱԲһ˵ǲԱûнƵ忪֮ڵӲĽԱѹȥ
ַ۾о֮еȻ쳣ǿ󣬵ǸȲݼ
ɱ˲֮󣬷ƵɫһƬɷףѾȥĴȻƿˣڷǳ
ƶַ絭ĵַ£Ѿɱ˲ϣĳŵ
ַƲͣŶŵʲôŵҸղֻ˵˵ѣҲ棿
ʲôƴŭ
ַЦҷֻǺ㿪Цѣûȥ϶ʲô㷽ҡ˻桯˵Ų㣬ѵôֻǿЦѡ
ĴŴΪһǿߣӦһԾŶ㾹Ȼ˵㻰޳ܣ
޳ܣַʵܶҵģҲٰɣ㲻Ҳ޳ôұͬĵˣȴǰ꣬޳ܵˣ˼˵޳ô
㡭
ʲôң˵ĲôˣҺԣҲǿʱԸңǿѹƲסʱʾã˵ô˵ô
Ƶɫһһףַ磬֪Լͳһ磬ѾѾҳһţ㲻ȥѹĶòôȨԿѹƶɱңսȫ汬ʱһ֮Ƶסôķֻ鼰ÿ䣬ѹõѡԸ
ҳ㲻˵ǻʹߣһԿǿǣ˵ǻʹټһ޳Сˣ߾һʱըһ˵ʲôʱըҸըˣһǾɱãһݣοŮȨѵȲһССô
ȥɣ
ͻȻһ׵ϯԼǧַ֮ײȥ
͵ϮַǹЦ⣬ȴСĽӵַԲȥӲ
ַתӣڤħٶȷӵ쾡£ȫתϳ̵ľ׷ַ硣
ַ磬ܣ
ΪҰ׳հ
ַͷ˾룬ַ׼
ȵȡ鼱æֹҪҪʹ򣡷ǻʹû֪鷳ʹˣÿƺ쳾ԸУʲô壬֮µͨ˲㣬ټԺ䣬ˣ
ַȫȥжսԼѾǳ֮塣
ûٵκַҪԼķȡ
ϯַתͷ漱׷ķײ˹ȥ
һ㶣ǳƣַԼ׷ܣôͻȻͷԼϢԭûǿ
ʲôô
ӵлĻֱӺַԺ˹ȥ
䣡
ֱַӱײɵǧ֮⣬ûƿСһȦ׷Բ
ַһѪٸλȫϢƲסһҡ
ַ飬㲻˵Сô
Ŷˣʹߵʮôһͨģ˼
˼ͷ
㲻Ȫˮôʲô
˵ĶԻûϣٴμԦַ˹ַٴαɣ
ΣַˣԺˮȫʧȥƣײƬַ类һƬ֮С


275 
һɹȵϢӭַ屣ַڽ˲ͻᱻٻ٣
ǿ󣬸Ͳһ߿Կ⣡
ַ붯ǸоһͣѾַȫڵҲֹͣתڱ޷˺ַ磬ַֻǸоƤ淢̶ѡ
ӰһѾַԱߣҲǳ𾪣ַʵΪȻԼ֮к
ʶַ壬쳣Ծķַ֣徹Ȼ޷Ħĸ߶ȣ
ƽһ𾪵Цַ磬ƾı£ǱץסˣҲΪУһδαΪУҲɱ㣬һδαɱ㣡
ַŭɱɱôϻ
ְַ취ɱơһþħ㡮ƺ쳾ƣǷȴ֡ԷڵԲɱѾַ硣ڶʹڱ˵֮ڸЧֱӻὫɱ
жǾܣַ屻סһ㶼Ӱ졣Ȼַƫڵһܡƺ쳾
΢ŭɱ㣬Ҳɱ㣡ɱ㣬ŮŹôҲɱ㣬ҵ鷳˵Ҹôȥ㣿
ַƣ㻹ɱҰɣòò
ƵȷǳᣬɱҲУҲУ
ַ޿̣ɲ˷ʱ䡣
򣡡
ַһŭȣַΪģ̵Ļ˷ӣֲһɺĹߴ޾Ļ֮С
ߵķƻ֪ʲô״ֱӱ
ַĽѾȫƵĻͷƵںϡ
ƱˣѾʧأʧغӦԼɢǷûпɢǸо޵ıǣ
ЩǵȻǴַʩչԼڣ
ƣɣ
ַ罫ȫͷųȥ֮ڤħַȥ˳ˣ뿪˻Χ
䣡
ֱӱըķ飬֮ǰ𾪣ûŪףô¡
ɱ˲ͷ֮󣬽ַҪ
ǰħ͹֮Ѫ𽥿ƣĿǰľѾȶ
۹˵ʵ۹һֱڹĿ֮棬ַ˹֮Щ۹ԳһЩҸִ߲߿ƼȥԸ©֮Ͳ
ǣڸ۹һͬʱһǳص⣬۹ڹͳ֮¶ǳ֣ǹҶмսսȻСսʱƣ󡭡
Ѿң۹ƾǿ¶ͷǣܱҷȫĽһͳ۹Ұġ
Ѫ屾Ͳϲͨ˵һ㲻͹һմϱߣͨ˵սҲᡣ
ҲǶ۹˻ַ粻𶫷֯Ļ𣬶۹Ҳһܿ챬սһ㣬ַǲ뿴ġ
ַĻ᳤ְ֮ȥƣַһȥơ
ᣬַĸ߲ȫɱֻЩǿ⣬ֻŻᱻ߽ͻ
ַ뷨ʵǳ򵥣綼Լ˵Ŀ֮£ֻҪֵܿ磬ԲᱬΧսͨ˵սҵսַûȤȥܣѹ£ûǸ۹ս
ֱַӷɵܲǰڹ컪֮£ֱһٶ¥ʹˡǬħ䣡
Ȼַֻ˽ԺͻҲֻԷֳ֮һַ籾Ҳһըַ粻ңַԼһСĽиˡ
ܲһը֮бƬ޾籩˺ʱѷ컯һɫУеʷɡ
ַڼǧ֮ԼĽñըٵͬʱ޾籩ΧʮþƬ
޴һһɨһЩڷ籩Ĵݻ֮綹һ
ֵ֮ϵ˳Щææµµеǻ֪ô£һıը֮зǣ֮˶ûӹͻĶ˺ѡ
ַ翴һͨûɱһ֫Ѫɺӵĳ棬ľûһ˿Щ˵Լûһ˿ϵ
ַǳԼľΪʲôǾԼʶǳ֮ʶ֮
ַ粻һˣһĮˣǴʱַǳĸоЩ˶ϣȻϣַ粻Ե޹ʵȥЩ˵Ҫֻ֣ܹЩ˷ǳɣܲΧ
һ˿ǰУǰһȺϣ˾ԲΪ˲Ⱥ϶ȥƵУΪ˵Ⱥϵһ㶼Ҫ
˿ַĵģܲû˻ųԼǬħҪòŻϡ
ͻȻַͫһоԼʮ֮ռһ󲨶
ַ߾裬ռ䱻˺ѣ˴˺ѵķ϶֮˳
ʥصĴϺϡԣǶϡ
ŭַ磬ȫһִ̹ǵĺ⣬ַ磬ڸ߿սҲܣʹó緶ΧҲܣɱҲܣɱͨˣʥؾԲˡ㣡
ַЦôĿˡңôɱң
ʱַѾǵַ磡ǰַʥص˷ǳЩĽڵַѾɳɺЩһĸ߶ȣȫվͬһλϺͶԷ˵
޲ַ˺ƬǴ˵Уֲ֣ܶҲɱ㣡ҪȥĿռ䣡
ŶΪȥ˱Ŀռ䣬Ϊϼħӡ֮еħǵʥԸ𣿡
ַĻϵŭʧ֮һ𾪣㡭ô֪ϼħӡӡħ
ô֪ô߸ҵġַ統Ȼ˵ʵ
ߣϾַ簡ʲôط
ַ˵ĸоһֱȻϺԼʦĽкܴϵ
ţֵܣôˣ
һº͵ǵʥߣǵһֱߣôҲ߹ǡ
ַЦ߶ǺǲǣҲûа취
ҲΣȫʥصҪߣʥĻȥʥˣַ˵ǹʥصˡ
ϵַ磬˵߼ʥصˣըеôˣô
ַ֪ʥصҸС϶Ҫ£ַŲܣҲûȤȥܣ˵ˣǸСǡ
ôֵַܾܲ㣬Ҳûа취æǲġ
ᣬȻֻץȥˣ
϶֣
ϴ󣬱϶
˫Ҫ֮ʣʴһȣʥصʲôʱҲֱˣ
һɿ͵һϢΧĿռ䡣
Ϻ̧ͷĳȥһӰԲ˼Ͳٶ˵ĿսӴӰӰ֮ʱһԿľ˰˸оһʹһ̣˷Լԭء
һ̣ݼַǰ棬ĿĿʥصˡ
Ϻϸоеסȫѹڵ㶼˿˾ͨһ㣡
𾪲ѣſˣмͬʱĳһ֣
޿ޣ޷ȥݣȥǶһ£
ϵĶǳߣܿعŮӿзš֣ϾֵʵǺˣ
Ů񣡡
ĸһ˴Ϻϵĵףþòƽ
û˻ŮӵĻҲֻ˲佫˿ƣҲֻŻӵ䲻ӵеòʣ
ǰ鲻һ飬Զ֮һ
ַ¾Ǳ£ԺʥزҪ֡ǷҪܣǵʥ˵ǻʸ񣡱ѣΪ˶ԸϼħӡħַΪʹߣκ£Ǳ˼ô
ףס˺¡
˾֮࣬Ҳ쳣ϲʥһֱڵħӡ£Ůæ˾˶һһҪϻ㱨ʥ
߰ɡ
Ϻߺݼַ磬ҪʥΪУʥصǳռ֮УʥؾһĴڣռ䣬ʥصǿʥΪУʥصȨԺռԸ㡣ħ½Ǹռ䣬ʥصÿ嶼սͨҲң
ַͷЩַףַ粻ʥΪУֻǲʥʾѡ
ַ粻κκȥͷַԸĳڹԸ

ڶʮӹ޾籩ԵıըͣϢַоԼȫ֮ǬħҲɱ
Ľϣֻ֮һͻе֮һ
ַ粻Լ֮£᲻һң
ĸûһ˻ų

ǹţǰǸ۹Ǳը¼ǰƲϮ¼֮󣬶ҹ賿ʮ˷֣޾֮֮һص졣
֮ԲһƬˮ׻Ƶ۹Ļ棬ҿԿҹ賿ʮ߷ֵʱﻹƽˮ֮ʲôûУһʱڣһصˮͻȻ
ǧ﷽Բ۹ľͼӽ죬Ƕһ赲ڽӽǧ׷Χڣöϵͳʧ顭
¼ϵ۹϶ⶼ˽ٵ򡭡
ǵ֮֮Ļ棬ǳҿԿ֮һŮһӢ꣬ϿǵΣⲢųˡ
ַ֮ŮȫСɣɺͼ巢뺯ʮ֮޾֮֮
֮ݼڶˮ򽻽紦һ漣
½ɵϴͬһյ뺯յ뺯֮󣬶ͷ亹ֱʰһ£ǰ֮
ݼʮʱ䣬֮ڽ˸ߴǧ׵Ȼ˵ֻͨɽʯɣͨӹ֮󣬾һҲ޷ƣ
ַһҪڼ̵ʱԼ磬ڵĴս֮ǰݼԼսƽϢ
ħ󶥼ĻѾսҲϣܲѾַݻ٣ҲٻѾʷǰĴңⳡȫַһɣ


276 λߵȨ
ĴңɵɱĴ󶥼Ļ𣬸۹ʧȥѹƣ׷˾ߡ̶̵ʱ䣬۹ѾٳսڣҲַ֮粻뿴һ
۹սԺܿͻս
ַҪľڴս֮ʣֹһеķ
޾֮紦۹սһһʰؼʱ̣ݼڶ紦ˮһ죡ֹ˶սĽӴ
ʮ֮󣬶Сȫ֮
֮Ϣʵݼ޾֮һ죬ֻɢѡ
֮ڷ羰ﻨ㣬
֮⣬һԲ׵ľ޴㳡㳡֮Ѿ˴ССͷĿ
ʱ֣ůԡ㳡
ڣַԱߵݼǧ߰پʮĸͷĿѾ룬ʱҲˣݼˡ
ðɣһȥ
ټϯ̨ϣʺɫĵ̺һ̵ֱ˰׿⣬ַݼŶߣƵϯ̨
ݼһ򵥵İ£ȫɢһֵϢȫûһƷȻûһŮܳԽ
㳡ͷĿݼ𺳣мһĲ
ͬʱҲ֪ŮӵݡŮ
Դħս֮ռûнٹ飬Ůɵĵһ
ݼһЦƽ͵ĵŴҶ֪˱ݣټߴҼ¡
֪Ĵ󶥼ĻĻң̲սѾĻŽᱬģս޾֮ϵķӡѾľսԣҪĸλӽ쿪ʼĸλ֮䲻ģɱսѾս֮ͣսнⲻĶԹ˽¾뿴֮κδģͻҪͳһռ磡
ͳһ磡һǧûһͳһ磡˶ףŮ
λ˶ʶٴΪҽһΣǱʹַ磡ַ罫Ϊռġ
˴˿̲ףΪʲôַҺΪУԭŮ
ŮҪͳһռ䣬ЩСкãЩϴбһǳˬˬ鲻ˬû˸ŮĻ
սȫ汬Щ϶ܱߵС׳ԼʱƣԻᷢչħ͹ֶŮһ仰ЩҰĸѹȥЩСҲõԼᱻ̲
˵Ŀⶼַ磬ַ磬һ뻹ĹУһҡһ䣬ѾΪϴŮġû˸ȥҲûиȥʣ
ַռһжǱ˼Υ汾ֻּһ³ǾǡռĴ󶥼ħѾʹ𣻶ܲѾʹը٣ȻصķֻᣬҪĸλȥˡһڣ뿴һ˻ţһ¹󣬱ĸĵ̷˻ţĨУħĲҲһҲ뿴û
ݼⷬ˶亹ֱҲݼ仰һһֽᡢħ͹ʥȫĨɱһ
û˻ݼ
£ʹ߻ǡ
ַǰһʶļ˵ɨ˵£ǿһϤ֮Ŀⶨ˵ϡ
̫۹᳤ɽһ£һ¡
ɽһпһ£ɫһƬң˫ȲΡΡߵϯ̨¡
񡭡μʹˡ
ַ絭Цţɽһ㲻ýţֻ֮˶ѡ
ɽһŵĻͨһڵأʹˣǰС۲ʶ̩ɽС飬ĹС˰ɡ
ˡ㣿԰ʹһȻˡ㡭
ɽһԣгһ
ʹҲǵŮ񣬵ûйϵͽɱҲûйϵһ򲻼ǳģŮҾô׷Ź㣬ôϺڣ
ʹˣֻҪŹСˣСԸΪǣ
ַаЦţãȻģҾ㣬ҲͰˣֻҪһССҾ㡣
ɽһæʹˣֻҪСģһ
ַƲָͣĿ֮ȫŰ֮⣬ǵ˶Ů֮оҶĳ赸ҲǳȰôΪһ裬ôͰɡ
ַݼַĻЦ磬ôôʽĳˣĻ̫Ļ᳤
ɽһһ¾ˣ̨µˣϷʵĿ⣬һзǳ֡
ȫСͷĿǰ裿ɱɽһܣˣַԼԼкȥͬʣкϣ
ַ絭Цţôɽһ㷽Ż˵ΪҸǣ˵ֻҪľһԣһ֧裬ôҿĿģкѣ
ַĿ֮һ䣬Ҿͷ㣻㲻Ҿɱ㣡
в
ɽһףַûдŹԼֻϷŪԼѣɽһףַ統ȫͷĿ˵ԼͷԼԼˣַ϶Լ
ˣȻһ裬Ȼɥʧɥʧ˸񣬵ǿԻ͵
˸ɥʧˣǿһûˣʲôûˡ
̨µ˶룬ɽһ᲻
һ̣˶֪˴𰸡
ɽһʼ˹ŤԼ֫ĶԽԽ죬ϵıҲɵ΢Цú˷ܵ顣
ַݼڳ˶ȵſͣ㳡ܱߣЩ˶۵ķߺ޺ɱ
ʿһʿɱġ񣡶ǵĻ᳤Ȼȫǰ裡裡õе˶ܲˣ
ɽһӻиоޱȵĳ裡ºܿ춼ᴫ£磬ΪɽһĵӣѾûϣ
˾ĿɽһһۣͬʱʿǳͳһԼĸͱ˽ȥ
˵ɱԱߵĵûһֹ˵ʬ壬ȫǾأڴ˿ɽһʱе˶ǲмͳ裡
ɽһĶͷԽԽԽԽ𾢣ǹۿ˶һŻµĸоһ֦չŮڴĻĿǻһ׷Բԣ̸һĳªͷڶĵŤЩֵ壬˭Ҳû鿴ȥ
ַסҪŻµĸоɽһ˵裬ѵ㲻ô㶼˰ˣôһ·ѣ㲻ѹĻ㰴ҵĻȥĻ³Ҫˡ
ɽһһŭգַĻÿһصɽһ꣬ɽһѣֲݷΪ˻ַֻܰĻ
ɽһʼ⿪Լ·ϾҵĲţƲסͬĶȫƤ񡭡
ÿ⿪ԼһϵһŦۣоȥȫĹѣһ£ɽһȥӣ·ͬʱɽһ򻹲ͣ½ºϵĶ
ɽһȥȫ֮ʱɫѾһƬңĿӴ̨֮ʱȫǱĺͲм飬˵Ŀһһ̽ɽһ꣬˿ɽһ޲Ҹطȥ˼ȥûеڶ·ߡ
ɽһŭģڼȵѹ֮һѪѪ֮󣬸оԼǳ
ȻɽһΪǳǿǴʱҪס˵Ӻͱӣ⿿ĲǿĹľ
Լ˵Ŀ⣬ɽһŲȥֱӱ
ɽһǿеԼȥ
ɽһɱɽһȻ˿ʣµĵ˿ɽһ򼴽⿪ѿӣʱٵҲܲס裬ֱӴӹ㳡֮˽
Ҫɱɽһɽһ˾ĲһˣΪǵĻ᳤βμ֮Ĵᣬ
ʿɽһΧٵɽһͬʱ˹ȥ
˿ɽһûܣܣľѾҺͻ֮С
ĹɽһƬ
֮Щʿ񷢷һַ˹ȥ
ַ粢ûжҲûбҪ
̨µͷĿЩʿʹ󾪣
Щ˷׷״λϳת֮ǰǧѾЩʿӿȥţ糱ˮһӿ˹
ЩʿǿҲвļǿߣ
ʿ˿Ƭַ˵ЩͷĿҲ֪Ѿ군ˣЩ϶ȥȫԸ飡
ˣҶصλϰɡ
һлָƽַ֮˺ģɱңұֻ裬ҿĿģҲ͹ȥˣȴ壬𱨣ɱңͷ
̨ЩѪĳ嶯
޳ܵģûмô޳ܵģ˼һ˵Ϊ˼Һã˵ԼǺˣ
û˸ҿھԵλ֮£û˸ȥ
ַŵ棬ҽһ¡
ϴ󶼹ԹԵһСѧһ쳤䡭
ַǳϲָ߸ϵĸо˿ַһ仰ܾÿ˵ܾÿĴ
磬ѾѪͳΡҶѪһֱǵжԵ壬֮ǰڶԸħ֮ʱŻΪѣ干ͬͳĻһٶȳΪˣǱʹ뿴ģҶ֪һֱħͳΣһɹͳΣе۹ûѹѾսԣҾͳ磬Ѫͳ۹һѪͻƽ⣬Ҳᷢͻ͵жԣ۹սҲֹͣѪĴǿԸ⣿
ͱﲻסҪ˵ˣվԸ⣬һûУΪ·ء
ӵȷΪ·Ѫͳ֮ߵĹϵֽĶ񻯣һɽݶжԺʹģսǳ£ѪҲΪ·ղѣѪ嶼Ըȥͨ۹ĹȨ˺ѪȥЩ۹ԣЩûȤҲֻȤ
Ǵ˿ַ̣һ仰ͽ⣡ѪȻӦûа취ΥַĻ
ľ֮ѪͳֲͬʵħһֻҪû֮ϵĳͻܷͻ
ãȻûʲô¾ôˣĴСǰħ֮ʱһǸǿһģԼѡվöͺá
Ķңƾַ缸仰͸㶨λߵȨ


277 ͳһ
ڶ½ڣ
վЩĵʹˡ
ַ۹Ȼƣλ᳤ʹɱλ᳤ҽɶȥΣû
󶫷۹Ļ᳤з׷һϣ֮֮ʱѩǵſڣֵַܣϵͬһ㣬Щ˶֪Ҳ뵽ַܽλ᳤ְλ죬ֻпܶѡĽ˶죬Щзǳ
ֻ׻Ƶ۹һʡ᳤ϣ֮֮ƾϣ֮ǵĹ⻷ҫΪԱֻһССԱݣ͹򣬶׻Ƶ۹᳤ܻʸûУҪ˵᳤ְܻλ
һҵ᳤ܻվЩӲĵʹˣҾԶݻʺ᳤ܻ̫ᣬΪҲߡ
λ᳤˵һѣɶ˵첻ʺϣ˵ҲûҲ˵޵۹᳤˵ĻӦ˵
ַ絭ЦţŴῪʼʱŮ˵ŮʹҵĻʹŮĻѵûô
ַһѵΥŮּ⣡
һ룬ַûиλ᳤κνͺͱĻᣬֱֱ֮λ᳤ͷ­
ԵɲİԵ
ȻԵǰ֮£ǾʵֻҪӵϵʵҲ
ַɵЦţĿº͵ĴӼ˵ɨûᣬ˺ģںĽܣ
ȫżƤ˼һɱ˼ңԷκν͵Ļᣬ˭㻹˵
ãȻûʲô¾ôˣԺ˭Զ᳤ʹȾġ
һַֻʶһڼ˵Ⱥҵ˵һ
ʹˡһվ΢Цſַ硣
֮֮ǰַҹһϾɵڶԼɱģһΪɽɵˣҲ״ӡ飬ַһһͺͽ
ַ罫ɺԼ֮е鶼˵һһҲֻܽܣⲻַĴ
ַ֮罫Լļƻ˵һõһһҲֻܽܡ
ԵһַҲɱһ
ʦԵһɽһĸһ㣬һҲ뱨𣬵ַԼֵܣҲַĴõһǳܡ
һûйַ磬ֵ֮ĸһ˿޷ֲѺۣѺԶ֮ĸ統һ㡣
ַҲףⲢӰ֣͵һҲΪˡ
ȻɽɵΣְ֮ɽɵӵһְ
ַһЩҲ˵ֻܽС
ַ缸仰½ֶַףԼȻ棬֮䶼̲ڶսȣЩ£ַѹֻ֮ǲôĿŵѣַҲҪˡ
ַ£ҾͰҲ뿴ͨ˵۹֮κδģսԣһȥ֮˾ְЩֵĹҶɱɱ飡ߴӴ˲Ҫͨ˵ĺ棬ҪҪȫͨ࣬ǵĴڣ
֮ԺǱİ֮ʲô˵¾ǵˣ
ַ罫ţ˰ûκεַ֪ò˶ԼҪȥħô½绹ҪԼߵȥơţõѡ
һԼܰڽ£һ˷ܡͶţҲΪԼδţ˾޴˲źǿߣ֮ʥǰǿĴڣ
Ѿȫͳһַдࡣ
磬ֻҪϵͳһǷǳ򵥵£
ռ䱾Ĵ󶥼ڿƣĴ󶥼ĻһƬɢɳʱֻ̣Ҫӵκɵֿͷǳ׽Ƭɢɳٴξ£һ
Ĵ󶥼ϴϴˣڻһϴͿԼ磬û˳ϴЩܶϴͻᱬսɱ̲ս֮ǿǸͻΪµϴ󣬵ǵʱͻϴƣ۹Ҳϴƣ
ˣô򵥣һеȨǽھ֮ϣ
֮ЩĴǶǵһʱ˻ȥȥ֮ٿܻ飬Ų߻δ
ڵһιȫ緶Χ¶棡
Щսң֮ȫͣսЩͣսĹңѪҵĴǵһҹ֮ʧǵ۹ĸ߲Աذɱ
ڵһʱټԼ켺ȶԼĵλַ֪粻ռܾãҪַ֮ǰ޸ȫһ飬ȫϴƣֻҪԼˣһ֡ɱ
һҲͬ£ЩλϲģһڵһʱټԼɵصĴ
̶̵ʮʱڣȫͨ඼֪ߵĴڣҲĴڣ
ͨ࿪ʼֻţһԽܵʵǾԼЩһڡ
ÿȫΧڸý嶼ڲߵϢ౨־涼ǹߵϢ
Ǻܿ죬۹ĹٷŴᣬ׷ױʾߵĴڲ˺ͨ࣬Ǳ࣬ػԼļ԰
ٷЩͨϰֵεģǿֻŵҲƽö֮ȫߵĴڡ
繫֮ЩĸҲ֮ͨĿŵҡڵѰʵˣԼЩѧУͨѧϰš
ͨ˵𽥵ںϣںϷǳҪȫںϻҪǧ꣬ʱ䡣
ЩַѾûйϵˡ
ַΨһҪľȹԼĹӭսħ
ǰַֻһƶͨ񣬶ַѾȫڽ£
ַпࡣ
ַ֮չһ£ûжĽչ﷦ζıչַǳᡣ
չؽַմ򿪷ţ˸Сͽ˼ˡ
Сʲô£ַ֪СһֱڵԼء
㿴
СУַ翴Լ˺ħĴսħɱˣ
ַ翪򣬺ݼʥʥ˺Կħʧܸգħɱַڵħһڶħ֣֮󣬻硭
пԿħǺڰһɫַ
һսʹƽŮ洷ӡħȻħҪȵʹҪǿ
ַȻô㣬֮һʵǿһɱħôʵôȥı䣿
ıҪǿʵûʵôȥı䣿
СѾʥʥЩʥʥϧķңҲġǺħһսذܣǻһ취ȥȡ
ʲô취
ҵѹħֵ츫١ָ콣ӡͷŷӡھŮħ
ַ۾һӵп츫˼ӵз٣ʥʥŮľӵֻҪҵָ콣ͷӡͿˣȥң
СѹħħֵĴڣΪʥʥϼħӡȡħӡɶϣ֮ںݺݵħӡһ£ħӡѾʼ£ħͻӡҲ˵µʱҵָ콣ͷӡѾָ콣ӵħöеһɱ֯ĸ󡯵ĸУӡۣ֮˵ĺˮС
ĸôôϤַĸɱô
Сô˵ħĵӡ⣿
ҲǺֻ֪ѹħӡѾ
СŽľˮӵעӵ֮е޾򡣷ٴŽǽ˼ࣻľľӡˮӵˮ᣻ָ콣ǻӵ𣻿츫ӵǺÿ˵֮жԵԣҲӦʣǽҲԵַ磬ֻҪҵĹокһͿ֮оŮʱۼֻҪŮħ
ַһһô֪Լо
ַã²˳٣Сħô½ָ콣ͽˣ֮۵ķӡͽСˡ
Сͷڷӡ飬չصʱѾźˣݼͶţѾȥˣʲô⣬ʮ֮Ҫҵ˾ͻھʣָ콣ˣַȥʲˣҲء
ԭСѾһаźˡ
Сַȥʥء
ַʥ档
ʥٴοַ֮ʱ֮г˵ľ֮ɫʥô벻ףַô壡ʥȻȣȴʲôûʡ
һжźˣʥС
ˣ鷳ʥˡ
ʥһὫֱַ͵ħô½ĸĵ֮ڡš
ʥгһȭͷСİ͸ˮַȥˮʥʥһ֣ӵзǳǿĴҵ֮㽫Ϣˮ֮ڣһֱӽͶ
ַͷ
ʥʥʥڳһ޾ɫͨͨľͷַ翴һĽֵֵŴ綼Ŵһ㡣
ȥɡ
ַ첽ַ̤ͨõɫ֮ͨ󣬸оһԼȫǳƻоһַ̣һСһǡ
û˿СͻȻһˣ˿Ҳ⡣
ַһԼ·ǰȥ
ħô½
ַоռܶǵ⣬ûκθоЩ֮⣬ûκθı䡣
һУпǷǳ·ϳַ紩Ⱥ֮УȴΧÿ˶ߣ
ַʶɢ˳ȥԼʶֻǧ׷Բ
ô£
ַڵʱʶַԲôǧԶ
ռĹ򣬲ʶƣҵʶҲơռĸƣоо֪ˡ
ַܿ췢֣ԼʶַΧڣʣʮٴڵǿߣǧԪµˡ


278 ֵط
ַ߹ֵое͵ûʲôܾһѹֵա
ַ߽һ̵꣬ȥַ֮緢̵ĲͨʳƷһЩħ޵ں˺һЩõˮЩڵҲǳĲﾹȻʳƷһ
ۻԱһŮַæӭ
Ҫʲô
ַ΢Цţһ£ĸʲôط
ԭ·ģģŮɫһ䣬˰ɣ
ǵģǴضĸҪ¡
ŮЩɵĿַ磬㲻ռˣ
ַһ㶣ǰŮֻһ쾳ˣôܿĳԼռˣ
ַ
ŮһЦ㲻ýţĸĵ̣ĳǵľ˶֪ĸռĵɱֻ֯ҪȥЩ¾ưϵĸˣȴ֪ҾͲǱĿռˣûйϵﾭֱĿռˡ
߶ֵиãõһ㵽Ĳ㶼ĸˣȥҵ
л
˧磬ܸô
ַһ㶣ҽַ硭
ֵַ߽һ׸ߵĴãŵ˵һ㡣
һưɣư˶ڰĺȾƣһ֮£п˵϶ǳϲá
ַƣǲطˣ
ַ˰̨һĽ𷢶Ůַ翴Ůĵãĸˣ
ŮְҵԵ΢Ц¶¥
ַߵ¥ſڣɫĺ˵ס£һʱͣȾԵȡ
ַʵмĸ
˵ĿЩȣȻĿַ磬ߵ˵ǸûëɣҳôżǸ棬һڰǰǸģĻǲ棬ǵĸܼŵģ
ַ絭ĵĸ˭
ұߵ˵ǵǸĴӻڣҲĸˣ
˵İ
ţ֪ˣһ̣˾ֵĿ£˵ȥ
Ȼַ粢ûɱˣֻǴζѣַˣ¡
ַ˵ڶ㣬ڶһƬ壬һ˶ûУַǳ֡
ַ˵㣬͵ڶһʶ֮̽£һ˶ûС
Ĳ㣬ַƿĲĴź󣬿˵ĿԼ
ַ翴˷ֳһĴһ׳󺹣һĴһױꡣ
ôҵ˺ֵܾñطַ꣬Щ
̸е˫ЩԣЩνŵĸо
Ǵ׳ĴˡԪڡ
Ԫڴŭ˭£ȥնˡ
˫̸еҪʱ̣ͻȻŴϣԪڱͱһȫַ硣
֮ǰԪڷԸ£ﲻκ˽ȻԼԪںΪַǵˡ
Ԫַ߳ƽ
ַ绹ûü˵ͬʱĶַ̽
˵ٶȶǳ죬رλַȫַ˷ɱΧܲ͸硣
ɱָ˶ɱ֣ɱһֶ
ǣ˵Ϊעǵı磬˵ΪַֻΪʴԲȼĲԶ޷Խģ
ַûжҲöֻվԭأ۾Ŀ⵭Ŀ˵Ĺ˵Ĺ֮ʱ
ߣ
ַȻһҪַ֮ʱͻȻԼʽʧأе˲仯ɷĩʧ˾ֵͬʱһǿĲɵ˵壬ֱӽ˺ɡ
˼ͬʱһҽУݺݵǽڣ֮Ȼأ֪
ַ粢ûɱˣֻǰζѡ
ȫ𾪣ŻȻ˭Ҳû뵽ò˵ᱬǿսȻһ߾
Ԫڵ۾ϸĴַ磬Ͳǵˣ
˿̿϶Ѿϳַ磬Ŀ֮һ˿Ϊ˲ϲãָֻʱ򣬲ֵϵʱ̡
ԪڴվǰĿĶַ磬ַͷţôҲַΪ
Ϣǧ񹦵֮£κ˶ַΪ
ʲôˣԪڸûмַ磬ĵ֮иûǰˡ
ǵĸߡֱַ˵⡣
Ԫһŭߣʦ˭ܼοʦڱչأҪ˵Ļʮɡ
Ԫͺ̸һǳҪ£κ˴Լǰ˷ǳأҲǻԪţԼĵ̣ԷҲĸڲľǲܵģ˸ĳɱĸˣĸΪУ
ַڸսʱѾԪںͺϾҪѾ϶˻ԪǺĵˣǱߵԲԪڣ
ַʶ̽⣬ΪѾﵽʣ˻Ϊĸ֣Ԫһڣһʺٶ
ַѾжϳԪںͺһУĸڲַ粻֣ҪԼֵܣַԲŹ
ַɵЦţھҪߣˣҾͽΪƽأ
ַƵ˵һС¡
ôĿ
Ԫֱӱŭĵ̣Ȼ˵ҪƽԪٲ֣Լδ棬ĸϺδ棡
ϣ
Ԫһ£ʮַΧһµĶĶ̽ռһ󺮹䡣
ɱ򣡡
ԸЩΪˣַûбҪԼľУһɱ͹
ԴַΪΪ֮ɱɱҲǣɱг֡
ħ֣ЩһһΪַ罣ꡣ
ӵʱ䣬ַɱʮ
Ԫѣ
Ԫڳַ֣ųѾжϳһʴԲôԸʴԲҲֻڵſڻң

ַΪֱתԪڳ˹ȥ
޾Ϣռ䣬˵һ
Ԫڵͫһʲô
Ҫ
֮ɳȥ˲䣬˳ոʮЩַս޷
֮ӻԪڵǰӹ֮ʱԪڴһһǿֱӽ֮ɣַҲԪڵʮ
ַһ㶣ڵôôǿ
ڵڵڵ޷⣬Ϊϵռƣ޷ʩչЩʥҲܺռ˱⡣
ַ类Ԫڻ˵˲䣬λʴַ߰Ѷ̽ĺַʺ˹
ַ󾪣оλʵٶȺѾԽ˵ʴԲ
ʱ򣡡
λʵĶַţһһַ̣弱ˣſڵķȥյĶλʵĹ
ַսȦȡʱ仯Ϊ
ܣ
ԪӰһѾסַ·ԪڵĶ̽ǧӰַ˹ȥ
ַȫ亹ԪڵĹƲǿ󣬵аֲߵҲʼһֵĹ
·
ԪڵĹֱתƵұߵϣʱҪַ磬ȴһ޷Լɱ
λֻûŪʲô״ʮȥ
ͬʱߵھ֮࣬ϵĶûм彣ֱַ˹
ַʹ·ûʱԿλʵĹַҲûдҪȥܣ
彣ַҪȴûдַ̽壬ֻǴһĻ𻨡
ַֻǱ岽һѡ
λ𾪣ԪҲ𾪲ѡ
ǹ룡
ʵַ粻Լ嵲ס˵ĹôԼΪҲֹڴˡǴ˿ַ
ַʱߵʳ˹ȥʵĹַ羹Ȼ㲻ֱӭʵĹŲǲֳ֮Ӳ˹ȥ
Եǹַ磬λʵκιʧȥãַһıλʣֱʮ׷Χڣֶ֮ոλʵ
˶𾪲ѣ֪ʲô˻̶ֳȣǹľⲻ⣬ǰλ͸ҲԴǹĵزҪȻλʵĹԻὫַˣַȴʲô¶ûУ
Ԫûٳ֣Ŀֱַ磬㵽ʲôˣ
ַ绹ûлش𣬺ҵˣĸ֣Ԫʦ֣ˣ
ԪɫȻһ䣬ܣⲻܣԲˣ
Ԫνһٽ𣡺Դǰϣ֮֮󣬻ħô½һһӵĳƺţȻһָڶʮµˣʱֻʮ꣡ĸĵλʦ߶ԺԽԽʶЩԪҲԼʦΪ١
Ϊǣڴ쾳ﵽʾ磬Ѿ𽥵в˻ԪڵĵλӰ쵽Ԫڼ̳ĸĵλԪһֱһûĻᣬǰãúĳǵһ̸̣պúͻԪڵĵΣĵ̵˻Ԫڵĵ̣֮䷢˼ССĦĦԺƽǻԪȴλᣬ⽫ִԼɱʮˣ˼ɱͶңһҧǺģ£˫Ѿ̸ûнûл͵أѾǵ̸УҲһ̸УԪһ̸еĻᣬնɱڴˣ
ڣȴɱһظ֣ɱһظҲûʲôǺͻȻ˵ˣ
ԪһֱȻԺ޷ͻԪ濹⣬һСĦͻԪڵĴѹֻãԼ
Щ߶֪߶ڲľܣⱾһǿʳ磬棡ʦֵ֮ĲɱҲһһֳɳ˲֣߾Բˡˣԣʵʱ˵ַԼܸ֣
ΣԪڵ룬޷ܾҲֻܵԼȫԼǰԺ޷ͻԪڿ⣬ںʱַ̣ˣַսԪڣɱλλʣνѩ̿ú
ЦԪʦ֣ΪνʲôҲ֪ôΪɵôڸȫλѹң֮һСĦ췭ظһƸңΣأΪûаһôԪʦ֣ⶼҵģ
Ҳһƣϴʲôʱܸ֣ڲʱظְԼÿжսȻ


279 ƴ
Ԫɫ䣬æʦܣ㲻ҪǣСҾͳ㣬㣬ǿ㳤ģһֱֵһ㣬Щѵ㶼ôһֱѹ㣬⻹Ϊãչ̫죬ʦֵǶ㻢ɱ㣬ǴʦҴ㣡ε¼̫֣ǲģһǱʦֵݺǵģ֮Ĺϵ
ˣ
˻ԪڵĻΪǰ׳ôǰǶҺãÿʦֵܶҺãΪҵĴڲӰǵ棡ֻҪʦֵܱ˴֮Ӱ죬Ǿͻ໥໥ԸԷʦֺʦ־ΪӰ쵽ĵλűɱΪҲ֪ô
Ԫ޻ɶԣȻǹƽһսΪ˰æ˾Բˣĸˣ
ַʱгһƣǺʱСѩСѩתַģʱϡ
ַƣĵƴʶɣǰͼĸҲǺͳĵһɱ֣Ǻͳõֵܣ
˵Ŀⶢַе֮ϣƲĸɱֵƣǺͳƣһ㶼ύԼεˣ
ߴӣÿһӶȨΪԼ֣ĸʵֻҪַǺ˾ͺãƸַ֤ĸɱֵݡ
ԪŭԭԤı
Цصʱ򣬾ӦҲпء
ֵǣϣ
һ£Ԫڵ³˹ȥַȻ˻Ԫڡ
ԪߵˣǿߺͰɱʿߵһֱûг֣ǰǱűľģͻȻɱظְæʱʿսⰻȻɱ˹ȥ
ַ糷ȥҪʴԲͻԪڴս
򣡡
ˮ򣡡
ǽ
ǽǽٶȵľУӱˮٶȼӱ
ӣռ䣡
Ԫͫ󾪣˫
ԪΪƾԼΪ򲻹ǰظ֣ܾû⣬ɽڲûգֻҪԼܣԺȻлģ
ǵظֵĵ֮еϣѾʧ
ַԥʹ̰ǹ£߽һǳɣԪλֱȥ
ԪһߣϵĶ̽ͻȻӳתȫǽӭȥ
ԪںģԼƽһУǵĴʱ򣬷Լеɡ
Ԫڵʽѳȴʧȥһ¿ƲסֱӷɣڻԪڻҾ֮пԼʱַĹһ˿Ļ˻Ԫϡ
Ԫڵֱӱɣսұ۱Ŀϣϳ˿ڣ˿֮ƤѪҺƬӿ
Ԫڵ彫һǽҳһ󶴣֮ڵϣ֪
ַЩ֣ﾭôõĴսߵĽֻСΧƻ񷽲Уڵ֮ϣ¥㶼ᱻԼݻ٣ܵǽڼӹನֻ֮ǳ˿˿Ѻ۶ѡ
ַоԼûмʲô
ռʱȵ֮ϵҪǿ౶ֲϵǵϵİٱϣҲڹ֮ڣȫԱÿ˶ߣÿ춼սɱ͵һռͻˡ
꽣ĽַͣƶǶĵ˵ͷ
ߵԪڸǰԪѾֻгûн
ַǽȻǸ޷ԪڴǻԪͻȻʧԪڹʧطɣȫŴ󿪣ַǽϽ֮ļӳɣ屶ϣȫڻԪϣԪֱ˻ԡ
ԪںòַվԼǰޱ㵽ʲôˡ
ԪǺˣǰһжڻԪڵļ֮£ÿ촩ʲôɫڿԪڶһͻȻðһظ˵Ǻ£ԪڸͲš
ַûлشҲûбҪȥشֱ֮ӳ֣ո˻Ԫڵ
ߵսҲܿĻ˻Ԫȫ£Ҳ˽ʮ
˫սǳңռصʬƬ졭
硭

˹׼ַһַܱ缱æŻѪĺֵܣǧ
ʽ˻Ԫĵֵ̣֮˱ҹ̸ѾԻ
˺ȵĴĵڵϡ
ַĳһ죬ҲʽַĸһͿԶסܶ˵졣
ɱԪڵϢһ֮ϯĳǣĳһʱĻ̻̣ʦֵ߽ܵ䱸
ʦֵһˣߣϴԪһֱĳǵİʦֵ֮Ĺϵƽʱǳĺãĸ˵вԷôʦֵ֮ͻ˺Ƥǿʳ쾡£ʦֺʦڰǰӰ쵽˻ԪڵͱԪƶɱ
ʱ򣬺ɱ˴ʦֻԪڣһʱ̲˻Ԫڵе̣ȡ˻Ԫڰλá
Ȼ˵һʱͷǺͻԪһսԪˣ˲أʱʦֶԸʱ
ڶϣַȾƣϯ䣬ַ罫˴ħô½Ŀĸ˺
üͷ壬ʦѾչ꣬Щ˭Ҳûмʦ
ַ֪Ϊ֮ǵû£ֻҪʦչأԼǰȥͺãԲκ鷳
ַ룬ԼΪȥӲûʲô⣡ֻҪ߱ˣʥʥԼˮʥֱӻὫߴߣ飬ʥ֮󣬸˵ͺ˵ˡ
ַ磬ʦչصĵطǴȥģʦչصʱֻһˣҾʹȥǵĸ˪ߡ
ڶһ磬ַȥݼ˪ߡ
ַ翴˪֮ʱзǳȣ˪߿ʮ߰ңǳɰӲǺܸߣСĸоĴпɰһѧһ㣬ǳɣַԻΪǰһʮ߰С
һ𾳽ĸ֣
˪֮ʱһߵεľưɰȾƣưɵշǳһռܰ

˪һкַͺ
ַͺ¡
λʲô㣬͡
ֱӵ˪㣬е¡
ŶԼȾƿԣ̸
Ȼ˾ƣ˺Ⱦơ
λҵĺֵַ硭
ûȤ֪˭ֻ֪ܲܺȾƣֻϲԾΪѡ
ַЦãǣ˪ߣǾͱһȣΣ
˪㣬лл
ַǸ˪㣬ôȷ
˪ЦȾƵȻǱȾܼ򵥣˭ȵĶ˭Ӯ˭ȵ˭䣡
ַЦãôӮ㣬ôӦһ£ˣƾã
˪СӣĳǣȾƣǵҲ޷Ӯң㣬ӮңȻǱȾ֮ʱð㹦ȥƾƳҲ֪Ǭװƣ
ַһ㶣˪ַݣʵںΪ˪ַ֮ʱֻ˵ַ־ͱ˪ϣʵѾַ֪ݣ
ַЩһЦʵַȾʱǬװƣȶҲ
ʲôܵľħڣȾʲôȶҩû¡
˿ʼȾƣư׾ơƣ־ơ
䵱˵Сݸ˵ơ
ʼʱַʮ㣬Ǻ˰ʱַ֮ɫ죬Щ⣬ȻַΪ֮ýˡ
ַ磬ϾҪˡ
ôһⶼûС
˼ͺȣһʱ䣬ԱѾջٸƿԱÿվƿ֮ʱͬ˿ַ缸ۡ
˪ưɵĳͣȻЩͨȻ֪˪ĸ󸱸ݣֻ֪椷ǳܺȣǺ椱ȾƵˣûһܴư߳ȥ϶Ǳ̧ȥġ
ΣԱЩȣ˪ȾƵλˣȻ˪Сһʱûе£
ڰʱ֮ǰ˪߿ַЩ⣬˪һȰСʱԵ£ǣСʱѹһﻹֻ΢΢⣬ɾٱ
ʲô
˪ûиоַùҲûиоַκ쳣Сӵľôôã
ѵһﲻȥϴּôô࣬˪͸оԼ¸׹УԽԽ࣬׹ԽԽǿҡ
һ£Ѿŵǰһô
˪Ѿ΢΢Щ⣬ַԽԽԽԽо
˪ʱɫ΢죬׹ѾҪͻĳַߣѾﲻסˡ
ȥһϴּ䡣
ùһºôƣ˶ﲻסģַľȫý֪ĸˡ
ôˣ˪㣬ôͲˣַ缱æץס֡
˪ݺݵĶַ磬⣡Ǽȣ
˪ַ֮࣬ƴƣ˪רźַơƣҿܱﵽʲôʱ
ʮѹ˸԰ƿơ¶ǣ˪ָо֮һɼе׹УַȻ治ɫЦ⣬崺硣
˪̵Σѵ治ȥϴּôⶼܱס
˪ͷ֪ԼľѾһˡ
ȥһϴּ䡣
ַЦţѵ˪㳦θãθõĻƽʱҪٺȾŶ
˪ҧгݣһ仰û˵Ȼȥ
˪֮˼ȣʱַһϴּ䶼ûϣ˪ȴһϴּ䣬˪ԽԽԣһûùƵ׺ȥˣ
ֱһʱ˪ڳŲȥˣҧ˫Ŀð𣬶ַˣ
ţ˪ùоƾ˳
Աƿӣ˪׿ڳԼˣ𾪲ѡ޵еĴôأСʲôͷ
Ȼˣǲ㣬ȻҲ֪úηȥ˾˾ˣԸķ䣬˵ҪҰʲô
ַ絭Цţ˪ľַʮ֮һ磬֮Ӯ˽㣬ȷǿ㣬ħô½Ϊ˰ݼĸĸߡ
˪΢΢üַ磬ҿ԰㣬æҰﲻ㡣
ʱԱߵĺæ˪㣬ַʦʮ֮£֪ʦչ֮ʱֻ˪һˣ˪æ
˪ϴμʱڰǰ˵Ѿ׶Σ֮ǰκ˴ԣַ磬æİﲻϡַ磬飬һͨطģڽ㣬һ֪ͨġ
л˪㡭
˪֮󣬺ܲ˼Ķַ磬Բˣ¡
ַЦ֮仹˵ʲôԲ˵ˣֲûʲôջ񡣡
ʵʲôջ񣿡
ַصĵа취߳أ
ʲô취
ַȻ˪ߴϢôĳǴң˵߻᲻أ


280 һ
⣬˼ǣ
ѾɱĴʦֻԪȡ˻ԪλãʣµĶʦ֡ʦ֡ʦ־ԻԸ㣬㽫ȫɱˣ潻֣ɾԵĶҺ˵ʦ᲻أ
˼߸ʦֵܶʦһģʦֵǺʦĸǳãȻʦֹڶڶǰǲĸĸʦֵ֮ĲɱʦҲʣΪ߸ʦֵ֮һ£Ϊһĸ˱ʦֵ֮ĲɱǶǵĥҲֻڲԲܴģͻ˼ĸڲģɱأʱǵĵ˾ͻ룬󡭡ԣ磬ģ潻սķвͨġ
ַ絭Цɴ߲СڣǼʦֵ֮թĶǣȥֵĲ֣ôڵʵܺļλʦֵκһλôȻɱ˻Ԫʦ֣̲˻Ԫĵ̣ǺͻԪһսʵ𣬶ڵճ죬ļʦҪԸ㣬Ϸĵ̣²һ£군ˡһٴ֣֣Żһݣģĺͼʦֶսɱǣʱ߳Ҫͷ㣬ҲֻԵĳͷҪΪĵӶˣʣһˣɱ㣬ĸԺô죿
һҧһݣãͰ˵İ죡
֮˪Ϣַ߲磡ҲַԤ֮ڡ
⼸ڣѹǳλʦִӸѹںֻԪĵڣÿ춼дظ£úֲҲûа취ȥӦԡ
ˣʧʮˣϽڵĸưɶ£ɱֵǳҵȻ֪λʦģûκ֤ݣ
ҶʦĶλڶתǿߣʦĿλһתǿߣʦ￭ǸʴԲҪԸλʦ֣ȶԸʦ￭
ַͷ
ַѾ˽⵽ռߵΪԲ£Ҳ˵ռǿսܳԲ
ַɣһȥƽұ֤һҹ֮䣬ʦеȫɢ
硭ЩĲ̣ϾλʦֿųģСʱʦֶԺǳ۰ȻǾ͵жԹϵһ뵽ʦһȥһʹ
һɱֲӦʹǺƲס
ˣиģѪԼһ棬һ棬Ǻͼλʦ֮ĸ顣
иģ飡ÿ˶Լ·ԼҪĶԼ׷Ŀ꣬Լ津ЩҪĶ֮ʱ˾ͻ飡Ѫʱײϣ
ǺȥԸԼʦ֣ʦǾͻԸԼҲǶԵһĥҲǶԳɳһս
Щʹ壬Щ峤ҲԼµ֮ĶֻҪһʤߣֻҪһǿȥǵļ̳ߣ߸ϵλ߱ĺѪ飬һǿߵʬȥҲֻ˲ʸͳһһɣ
ַ׺˿̵飬ĸ󣬶Сħô½һɱ֮֯УΪߵ״ӣҲעԺĵ·ˣ
ߴӣߴӶףԺ໥ɱÿ˶ҪȥԵģ
ʵĲпᣡҪȶԼĵλҪȥһǱڵв׵ҲҪɱĹ
ȥɣ
ַúȥ֣ˣԵ־Ѫ飡λʦֵܣǱƵú·ߣԲԸʦֵܣ
½ַȥԺʲַͺֵܣںʦֵַܺϵûУ
磬ʵԽλʦֵĻݣʦ϶Ϊǽģ˽ʦԸԼɱλʦֺʹݻǵʦҲҪҵԴȥʦԻɱңΪĳǺʦֵ˵ֻĸıǳֲĸɱţ
ַأǳ侲ĵģа취㿴š
ַʹǧ񹦣һַ̣Ѿûɺģ
ôܣ񣿡
һɵۣ۾ŶġԼִòϢͱ鶼Լһģһ
ַ翴ޱ𾪵ĺĵǺˣȻð䱾ͳ죡
һ±ˣѹ磬ҲУ
ַ϶УֻҪġӰңҾͳˣǼٵˣһץ㣬

ڶϣַٰɺģټĵĽʦ￭ĵ̡
һ·֮ϣַ翴￭˾ɱ߹Ѿɱˡ
¶ľսҲ׼λͳ֮䶼Ǵûĵ濪սһͻĳǵȫڶʱĳǾͻһƬң߹˭е
ԲȰǱַ綼˸Ѫͷ˿̣ҲֻӲͷƤͳĺɱ䣡
ַһɱٶ˺ڿԶ񱼶һٶˡ
Ϊ׵һģʮʣޱȷŭĿַ磬󣬸һɫ
㾹ȻĿŵĴҵĵɱˣ
ַѧźͱ飬쳣ı䣬ҵȻңҾĿŵңҽ˾Ϊ˴ݻҵʦ֡
ݻҵƾôˣ￭Ц
źһظɱ˴ʦֻԪڣڣ￭ЩʶȫȻǸظûг֣￭ĵ̣￭ʲô
￭ЦͻȻȻֹıͻȻӲϣ˶ӰѾ￭󷽣Ӱ֮żʺѪҺһһεڵϣֳѻȸţ⼸ѪҺελ˵ĵס
ߵİ￭ʺ֮ϳһ˿ʺɫĺۼţһ˿ۼѸӣһѪ쿭ͷɣصڵϡ
ɱ
ɱ￭
һĻصĴ̼˵񾭡
˽֪ߴ֮УΪͬʱҲǱһ
ڣȻɱ￭˶һʱ䷴Ӧ
￭ʬ嵹ʵ
￭£˳ֻ߲Ҫǹ˳ңҿǲҪ￭õ³
ԥˣʮҪ˳ҵվҵߡ
һ


ǰû˶ǳţҲھᡣ

ַ纰˵һڳܲסѹվַߣһ˹ȥҲӶ˹ȥ
ˡʱ˶վַߣȫ˳
ãȻҶ˳ңǶԼˡΪ˱ʾǶҵģǸȥԸҵʦ֡
ַתԺµǾͲȥˣ￭ĵȫ֣ʱ佫ƣ㲻ǵԴң
Ӧǣһ亹ͬʱҲһ⣬ԼԴô᣿
ַȻǱ溮ʵ￭ºʦĿɱ
￭ЩĵĸַĿĵ̡
￭ѾַƵϢûдȥַĿĵ̣ǿĿ˾ɱ
ѾΪʬ壬ҡ
Ŀɱֳٶ
ĿɱǺ֮ʱһ㶣ֿ￭֮ʱһʱת
ĿΪ뵽ʦܺʦˣһ룬϶Լıߣôˣ
һ·ɱ¾ϢĿѾõɱЩ˶ĿǺ⣬Ȼŭȴƽ
ʦܣҵĵ£ʲô˼
ַһЦʦ֣ѵ񲻺ã
Ŀһ㶣ַʲô˼
Ŷ
̲ߵ˽ѣҵ˼ǣҴĵһ·ɱˣ϶սѵ㿴ô

ĿֱӱѣȻ˵Լ̵ͣⲻǳôҪԼⲻЦô
ޱĶĿҲпʵûʵһôɱ
ַ粻˵ʲôɱ˵ģ˵ôҲûã
ַȳ֣ڳĿ֮ʱ·ȴת˸䣬ĿԱߵȥ
ַðǺԼʹԼһʹÿ϶¶ڣַʱĿ潻֣ɱЩΪˣ
ЩΪȻסַͻϮַ缸ɱ˼ʮĿ;ַֹ磬һöûС
ַԼ壬ĿĹܱܣܲӲַһδαĿɣһδվ
Ŀ޷˼ַ磬Ҳͳ£ԼǿոЩ
ߵɱ񶼲·ƣ򶷣׷ӣûһӳַĿģ
ӹеַĿɱһɶ
˻Ѫңң
ĿĿĶַ磬ôǰġֻʴԲΪΪʲôԼػһ˿Ĵϣôûˣ
ʿյĿ࿴û뵽ôǿ
ַЦȻûбǿĻԴʦֵĺôҸ᣿ôɱʦ֣ôҴʦֵĵ̣ɱʦ֣ڣôҴʦֵ̣ɱ㣿
ʲôɱʦܣĿΪʲôʦܵˣ
ǿʳο߸ʦֵܱǵжԹϵǶȥô˼ôһŻһݡ
Ŀɫ䣬ҲֻʴԲҪ֪ȼĲԶ޷Խģ
Ŀ˵֮ϢͽȻǣڵ޵ѹַ
ַʶϢѹַû˿Ӱ졣
ʶʶĸ콣л½
ַЦðɣĲл
㡭
Ŀŭ
Ŀ䣬еĶ̽һ캮âϼ䣬еĶ̽ɲ֮仯ǧƹâַǰ˷ĶദҪΧ
ַʩչǲڶĿĹַ緢Լȴ޴ӣ
Ŀĳ̫죬ַĿͷֱ治
ʱ򣡡
ʱɲǣַ緢еĹѾ
ַƿĿзǳ򵥣Ǵ˿ַðʲôܶã
ַûжܣʵҲ޴ӶܣҲûʱ䣬ΪĿĹ̫죡
еĹַϣַȫ䣬һž죬ַϵ·ըƬ
ַоը֮ԼƤһֻۣ۶ѣڵƻģ


281 
·ը飬ַɲ㱼Һǧ񹦵ڶԻûַ缱æûһ·ҪַҪ㱼ˡ
Ǭкַܶ࣬Ŀĵڶѵ
ĿԼĵһȻû˵޷ܣĴ׽һбһĿͲšһֱ

ַ쳣ʹԼҪȻĿԴͰˣ
ַʶΧȻûˣǧ֮кܶˣַ粻ðʹԼ
ַҲоռҪȵܶ࣬ҪȻַ粻ܱԷĺ޻֮
ĿҵĹַɴϹȶԼ壬ȫĿĹӲľӰĿƽ
ַ϶޷ӽĿԷĹܲ͸磡
л½ַͻȻһȣӲĿĿĹȻʹ˺ĿһĽ
ַϺŲл½ȴǡ򣡡
ַֻ֮ĿʽĿսл½ĸĽַţʹӦûйϵҲ
һʱ䣬ռ佣ƣ֮صռ䡣
Ŀ𾪣ߴߺ𣬡ôл½
һ׷ӰΣĽûʽ̵ֻľ룬ٶȥɱ֣񹦡֮⣬ûκιĿһֱûʹ񹦣ھȻʹ˲л½
ַЦôֻᣬͲһô
ܿ죬Ŀķ֣׽ľ羹ȻԼ£ҺĹҲﵽڵĹ
˵ʽһģһһʱ˴ѽѷַ֣壬Ŀʸ޷ַȣÿζԺ֮£ĿǱ
ĿסķôǿȥԼԻˣĿţԼΪͶԷģԡΪĲģ
Ǻܿ죬Ŀֱķ֣ԽԽ񣬺ԴԴϣ֮ߣԼȴЩƣĸо
ʦ֣Ҫˣˣ
ô
ĿͻȻս˰ף֮̽ϱһޱ貵ɫââ֮аֲȻﵽڴԲ
ķȻǿҵľУ͵ס
ַ粻ǵס޷ܣַûдҪַʹ򣬽Ŀľиƣ
䣡
ͬʱޱǿɣݺݵҽߵĽ
ܿ죬ֳַ˳ֻȫʹѣûа˺ۣʮ֮ĿŴһƬ֮˳Ѫ߰ߣһѪ
ôҵľУ
ȥɣ
˿ĿѾˣַӶӰĿɱȥַ粻Լ˵Ŀֻܴƽ֡
ƽַ֣޾ȥģĿȴԽԽľ֮ʱҲĿڣ
ĿҲʶ㣬ӣǸӲַʶ˴ʮ֮Ŀ֧һδαַɣַ罫ĿĹģ֪Ŀ֧š
ûãĿһֱ۱ϵţַĿɿ֧š
ַоκμܣʵҪɱһڸ֣ȴǺѡ
ͻȻַʶֵķΧԶѸٿ
ˣ
һŭȴַɫȻһ䣬ʵת£һĿʺ
Ŀ
ǺĶʦĶĶİ¡
Ķǳ鴤ţЩ׵ĺӣַ磬ʦܣֶΣҪʦֵǶϾɱô
ַޱ飬ַɱĿ֮취ͻϮĶû뵽ĶôõϢ
ĶΪֻǱȻԪڲһѣַ粻Լ޷ɱĶ
ȻַַľԼʶΧڣеĶȫ
⼸ɱ
ַתһ룬ɱôȻһй磬Ǹָ߿ƼȽ豸ȵϻȽ˭ܱ֤Լ²ᱻĵĳһССͷĵ
ַ籩©ݣַͺҪ촦
ַ翴Ķɱʦ֣ȥҶʦֵģȻʦˣҲʡȥˡɣ
ַͻȻȫϢǣĶΪַҪʹôУȫ䱸׼ַսһ̣ˡӰʧԭأķֱȥ
ɵۣԭһˣ
ĸ׷ȥܲȫˡ
ĶһתǿߺԲַķ׷ȥʣµ򺮱ĵȥ
ַʶޱǿڼϽʶһʱַܿĳҵһ̵Ĵɽ
ɽԲһ˶ûУֻһЩ͵ȵħޣĶʲ
ڲˣû˰ɣ
ĶŰַ磬ѾĸλַΧѾ˹׼
Ķ룬ɱ˴ʦ֡ʦܺʦܣֻҪɱ˺ĳǵĿȨԼУʱʦ߳أһеȫںϣһбǺģԼɱֻǴԱΣ
ַ翴Ķǳ䣬Ҳûˣǹ⽫֮ء
ô˼أȫгɣҵҪʶʶɱʦֵλظֵжǿ
Ķʶ̽Ǽ֮⣬ûˡ
ڴʦֵĶͲǺһظɱ϶ıݺʦܺʦܵĶҲûзϡĶԼʵǳģ
߸ʦֵܣһֱǰжԸԷԷѹֵķչûһʺɣûĸڶԷأ֮Ҫɱĸ˷ǳѡҪȻԻԪڵʵͰ⼸ˡ
κͻȻսѸײڶ֮ɱĿ￭˭Ҳû뵽Υĸķ棡
ַ絭ĵ֪ظжǿ룬Ͼ֪ˡ

򣡡
ڽļӳֱּ֮ףĶ΢һֻһɫһӰλӹλʡ
һ룬λʺͷ­ɣ֮ðһĨ׹⣬Ȼ걻ȡó
Ķһ亹Űַ磬ȫַֿɢϢ𾪵Щ񴫳ߣ
ûҾǺǸظ֣
Ķһ㲻Ǻ
ǲѾҪˣ죬ɣ
ɱûôף
ô
ĶϵҲͽȻеĶ̽ɳ֮ɫȫһһֹ
ޱǿĻϢĶ϶̽һ趯ٵһַӭ
ַܵĶȷʵǿȵϵЩڵĹǿϼֹ
ŵ죡
ĶԼǿһײķ֮ϱԭ·أһæתֵ
ԼĹԼڼַǣ£Ķ㶼㲻
Ķʱæңĵһ
ĶֵԼͬʱַջӰħ֣̰ǹһֱĶѹ˹ȥ
Ķ˵䴩壬пһѪоҡҡ׹ûü֮ʱߵĻһѺɫľ޽Լ̩ɽѹһֱѹ˹
ֱӽ˴ΣĶѹһࡣ
ַ罫еʬ崦ĸɸɾ֮ʹǧûһϴүģɽ

Ķ°ֱܲǸս֮ʱͱĺǿ߰Χ
Ķ¶ǳƣͳĵ̿ߣô
ûʱȥ룬ΪȴǵǵصĹ
˿̣ĳǴңλʦַԽϢѾ˸˪߶˪߷ŭѣѾˡ
˪߽Ѻ˺Ҳشķǳ򵥣Լġ
˪εȴ֪ºַѲ˹ϵַɱָˣǺġ¡Ȼ˪ָ߲㲻Ϊַĸˣַ֪ģַͺ·һ
֤֤е֤ݶ֤Ǻģ￭ǺɱĿҲǺɱĶȻûʲô֤ݣһҧΪ
˪ûȥץַ磬ΪûбҪѾˣ˶Ѿˣ֤ȷ䣬еѹںһϡ
ô£˪ͷһ߸ʦֵ˪۵ľǺһֱڱչأ˪һִģô£˪Ҳס
˪ط֪˱չصߡ
ߵõϢԺŭأ
ϣҵַ磬磬ʦѾأȥ
ţҺһȥģұ֤㲻¡
һ飬üĵ˪㶼ˣѾʦˣҪұչʮ꣡
ַ룬ģұ֤㲻£
۾һ磬ʲô취
ַһЦͺ̸˺ܾãַ罫ֿԶ棬Ц
Ľʱַȥ˵ַȻа취߷ŹҪǷԼһ飡
ĳǣĹĸܲ
˭Ҳ벻ĸܲһõĵ£ڵʮ£ͨŲſҵ
ַЩƣܲڵ£˹ܲôӣӺ֪Ⲣĸֻܲܲܲ֪
Ĵƻͨװ޾¼򵥣Ϊɫǳɱֵء
ʺɫĺַ̺ĿƳ˴ǽǽǶһɫˮʯʯһĶֻ۾޾ľ⣬ƺһ㡣
ͻȻһĽ籣ʹˮ͵ĻܵһӰ졭
λԱ߱վһŮӣͷ߸ߵĿ߾һϣӱһĺ۵ס壬ɢϢһλʮӣ
ǺַǸŮˣַڿ϶Ϊһӣ
ַͺʮ׷Χ֮ʱͻȻתĿĴַͺɨ
ŵڵأַĿηӭߡ
ףһ㶣ַҲһ㶡
ߵĿ⿴ַʱĿ֮дһߵѹȫַʶ˻߿ַΪֻʴԲô벻ףôܵԼѹ
ַסǣ˵ʦһλŮߵȴһŹߡ
ַʲôסˡ
ַ˫ֱȭ񣬡ߡ
ǳ䣬һȵĺһ㶼䣬ַ磿
ַ絭Ȼ¡
˵ң


282 Ϸ
ַ֪½磬ǰ¹غ½ռĴ
˵ˣܲµʲô£½κͱûйϵ𲻻ȥ
ַ绹û˵꣬ͱߴϡ
ַߣ˵òãֻҪϰæһһƿȪˮΪꡣ
ַ粻ţһֵܵסȪˮջ
߶ʱ۾һǺܿ⼸ûʱȥ½磬ɱʱ϶㣬ڲСȻˣͰȪˮ°ɡ
ַȻæҪꣿ
ߣʲô˼
Цַ磬㣬ĳǴҺûйϵ
ַпһ£治ɫĵԪɱģȻǸʱѾĸˣͳ£ͳɱͳ죬ȻԹۣ
£￭ĿĶ
ַ絭ȻĵҲйء
ɫһйأ
ԺͳʵȻ޷￭ĿĶ˱ȣʱֻǸͳӡһЩصԺͳɵɱˣ¾
Ǻǡ߲ȻЦţܺã㴮ͨ˲ɱͬʦֵܣ֪ʲôô
һֱڵϹţͷ̧ȻǱѹ¡
ʦַĸˡ
ôôǲλʦ֣ĸ󣬾ͳĸˣĸҪЧĸΪַô
ʦ𡭡
㣬㶨޷ĸλֵܽ
ȫ亹ֱȻԼٺʦӴʦ˪۵ľԼʦôᶨԼأ
㣬
ʱһɫӰӲ߳ǰ˪ߡ
СʢŻ᷸˴˷ʥ޹㣬˭ûзʱԭ±һΰɡ
߽λھʣ±һƱĳô죿ʱĸΧûƿأһʧأֻн״ӲʸƿأĸǧĹأñȥƣ϶˻᲻Ļɢ
ˣ˪ãȻ飬ҾͷŹ⣬ģ
Ҫʦţ
һɫһƬң˪㲻˵ʮôôʦˣ
ַҲһôᷢչֵز
֮һ˿̺͵İˣǷŭͷߺޣַжϣѵʲô飿
ַ缱æߣȫıָʹߣΪ˼һ취ⲻغ£ŹȪˮ˫ַ͡
Ȫˮıַ߾Իᶯġ
ãѾ
ʦ𡭡
㲻˵ˣ߰ɡ
˵꣬תẮ
תĿĿַ磬ַȪˮ£Ҳ߰ɡ
ַȡˮ򣬵ĵȻߣ͸һ˰ɣ
ַˮ޾Ŀռˮڱŷ˲ߺַ塣
ߴ󾪣оԼȫһ㶼ʹţռһ˺ѣһ޴ȱַ߾˹ȥ
ǽ֮ϵͻȻâ޴ռѷķ˹ȥ
ַˮĴ˴֮ĽĽˮĴ֮ݺݵһ
䣡
ַɫҿһȱڣȱ˲ϣϵĴ͹켣ҲԵĸı䡭
ô£ַоһԵֿԼ壬˲佫ԼڵϢҡ
鼱еĵ˵иߵĽôı䣬㼱ʲô
ַû˵ʲôʶģ
һ룬ַʧȥӰվʲô鶼ûзһ㣬˪ߵ˪㣬ʦʧˣҡô죿
˪ɫܲÿϣĸ֮֡
ô£
˪̾һŽʦţԭ򡭡
ĸħöеһɱ֯ǰĸֻһССɣǵʦһִĸ֮󾭹ŬɵͷϲڳΪħöеһɱ֯ͷǴÿʮһε֯д֮϶ȡ
֪ʮǰʦõ˵һǳǿ֯ʮǰʦõ˵һ֯
ԣڵ߲ߣߵŮҵ׽ꡭ
ϢĲʮǰʦŮ涾ȥѵʦȥ
ûʱ㻹С
ףΪʲôʦôԼˣԭʦ۰Լ㡣ʱõϢֱ˹ȥ첻Բ˭Ҳ
ʱʮĺһᶼûֻǼ˾ʣ˭㣬ҳһҪΪ𣡡
û˿ᣬÿ˶ܵеʹķŭͳޡ
˪ʮǰĸײμɱ֣ԼҲˣ֮󲻾ñȥˣĸȥϢ⴫õжԵ֪ĸ֣֮ĸ֮ǰýĸ֮λĸ׵ݼĸĸ׽񹦡㣬˽ʮ֮һָ콣ý޾򣬽ʮͻ𣬵ʼûɹԽĹȡʤ֮󣬱Ҫʼˣ˵Ļĸͻ֣֮㽫ʦţʵΪ˱

⵺
һ޾֮ĵ죬챾һĵѧԺĲԡ
繫¶֮ͨڶ̶̵һʱ䣬齨һѧԺѧԺӵʵѧԼ
ͨ˶ûʣø߿ƼƳһҩòʷǳõͨ˵ĳ˺ӵʡ
ЩҩֻͣҪʵˣСʲôݣȥѧԺѧ
ѧԺһֻҪһǧˣȻӵʵ˶ΪߣΪ糬һĴڣ
ѧԺ߲ΪɾѧԱһϵеĿԲ飬Ȼȫ飡
⵺ռԣһɱʽϷ
뵺֮ϵһˣԼ໥ɱֱٵǧΪֹȻʵĻȻԵǹƥ
ÿжһԼ֮ʾˣʾһֱϵǧˣֹͣɱר˽ѧԱϰϡ
ȻһݾһɱһٸʱҲͨ飬ר˽ϰ
磬һҪɹҲĺȵģֻҪɱٸˣǾͿˣǾͿԽѧԺˡˡ
ţǾŸ˾ۼһ𣬽вҪɢֻҪǲϡ˹ѧԺһˣˣǶܸ㶨
Σ̱һ㣬ҪɢҲϣŵѧԺκ
磬ԵˣǿǲμӲԵġ
磬Ů˳ĺеҲͦ˧ģôŮ䡭
һû
磬ûС
ɱǡ
ַʶҿЩߣ쾳綼ܿĶһ壿ܿö壿Ҳɱǡ
СٻСţ㰲вַŪѣᡭ
Ҫǰȥ˻Եǰ
Եַߣʱַˮ֮󣬱ĽӰ죬˵Ĺɢܴڴ˵ء
˵ĿⶢΡ
̱ĿŵΣĵôΣôţʶ
εͷַָָ磬Ҹͬѧһġ
ʱϴ߹ȻǲǲμӲˣ߰ɣǡ
˵ţϴǰȥ
תͷðų̱ǡ
̱СεĶߵֲ֪ϴƢβ飬Һòϴǣһٶϴ뿴ǵĺȣ˻Ǳˡ
ҡͷ̱һҴûʲôҾôһΣһҪȣȣжĻ϶ᱻĲɱֻҪ˸ǵĶ飬һһųȥģȾǺô
̱ɫһΣڲ飬ÿ˶ʱѾϴˣٴˣϴԸô
ҧˣ̱ȾǺô
̱ŭҪԼȣϴǶԶˣˡ
˵ţ̱һǰȥһΡ
ûߣᣬΪʲôҪһΪǮôΪٵİ
ַ֮λ˺üѣûһַЩ˿Ըκϵεĸ縸׶źܺõȴ޷Ŀ֡
οַ磬һζκַһĻ档
Σ·ܳʱ䳤ŻۣʡǮóԵģұȥͺá
ַ粻εķԣһ·Сܣ˵Цڸоַĺ󱳾Աŷ
ΣְģⷹǱµģڻأȳ˰ɡ
ͻȻַĽӱκһҸߵķ˶óԡ
ΣСǲûǱӣڶðʲôˣ۰ɡ
ÿʱַ粻жæʲô¶ʱ£һֱչΡ
ֻҪҪַ磬ַһʱ䶼ǰĬĬΪηֵһУȻ˷ǳĿֺͳʵ
εĸ岻ãַÿ춼տεĸףһũ
֪ԼŵٴѧַԼ֪֮ȴûиַ磬ѡ˱ܡ
Լ˦ַһַ̣Ǵ㵵ı飬񡭡
ĬĬᣬͻȻоԼððǰˣѾ߳Լ硣
ζӣַ֣ȥ
εҪַʱַͻȻһμæջ֣ЩҵĲᡣ
ʵַˣκͳ̱Ի֮ʱѾˣַֻ뿴λ᲻Լ
Լַ绹ѣˣַδӴ˾İˡ
ַ󣬷Լȫһ붼ûˣڿյģַ֪ڴ֮ʱ˵СŻᵼ
ַһֱڰлָ
Ρ
ַıܴ㵣Ϸǳҡ
ַ磬û°ɡҲƽ
û£һ⣬ˣȻ˹ȥ
ַóһƿȪˮȥʱоȫ̹ࡣ


283 ǲ
ʱַԱߵ˹ŭַ磬һַ磡㾹Ȼݺ𣬱Ҫɱ㣡
ַһΪҪ֣ǿֻ̧һֱȥ
˿ߵҲǹʧ˿ߵĹȫɥһƬ𾪡
ַȪˮнΪַṩȻָܿߵĹûһʱ޷ָ塣
ַ磬⵽ʲôطףҪѵַ磬ڿ϶ʱ
˵ȱʲôطȰŪɾɡ
˿ߵϵȷһգ֮һЩŪĶȫճϡ
һѣһСæת֪ʲô취ϴĸɸɾ
ַааĿߣò˵߷ǳȻĴ˵Ĵ磬žµκȻʧɫ
δ˿Ҳ𾪵ĿߣͻȻоԼòǰŮ֮֮۴֮ϣ޷ȵĸо
ôôŮ
Ȼһ˵ò϶޷ΪȣΪߣĴʵĸı䣬òҲԽԽãЩǿߵʣЩͨ޷ȵġ
ַ磬ǣСš
Ŷҽһ£λҡͬѧΡ
ߴŭַ磬˭ѣ㻹ûʸͱѣֱ
ַ˵һŮʲôôÿȴߣѵ¼ˡ
סڣҪɱ㡭
ŭԼǺεݣĸʲôʱܹᱡ
ŭ֮£һַַһ־ץסߵֱۡ
ſңַ֣ǷԼ
ţַһЦ
ַ磬㡭
˵ҪҪˣСûҪ
㡭
αΪŮַŮѣ˰죬治֪ʲôϵ
νμѧԺԵַ磬δַ󲿶Ӹȥ
˼оȫԵ
μæǰסߣǱһ˦
ַһˣ˼Ұ㣬ʲô̬ȣ͸֧ùԹԵģ
ַ磡ҧ촽˫Ŀ֮ŭ졣
ַ粻ߵķŭһץסߵ߿ڼϡ
ַ磬ſңҧгݣһ˫ȭַĺ󱳡
ðԼߡַ˵Ž߶ڵϡ
ѽ
û뵽ַĽԼһʱˤڵϣվվ
ַ磬㡭šҪʬΣ
ַһ޹ĿߣҷģҾͷˣѵҵĴˣ
ʱַ磬ǿ߰ɣϲǰˣϵ˵ĻǿӲġ
ַ֡
˫ĿּԸķַϣַٴν߿ڼϡ
ߴŭ㲻ôΪʲôҪҿڼϣ
ַĵǲǻҰ㶪ڵϣ

߸Ͻͣһһ㶼֪ϧ
ҲΣڹȫʧʱֻܱ۸аģԼָһַǣ
ֱַӹأɱһٸ˹ضַ˵׾١
ַʶɨ跶Χھһٶˣʮ߸
ܿʮ˳ַ˵ס˼˵ȥ·
ʮ˵Ϊǳߣǿһ˲ҡ
ַ翴ЩЩпԼʱҲߣǴʱȴǸ߸ϵǿߣ
οʮ˹æַǰַ磬ߣ˳ұߵ·ߣ
˵꣬սơ
ۣû뵽ô椣磬Ҫеɱˣ£ɱ
˵Ļû˵꣬ȫըһƬѪ
ַ󾪣ţ𣬡ô¡
ַ󱳵ߺݺݵšַһѣɱˣ㻹ô£
˴󾪣һƬңѰŵˣһ
Ҳ֪ʲôжһ˰аԼǺٻĶԶȣǻҪҽȫɱ
ʮˣǶóǰ˸Ϣ֮ɱԼͬ飬϶ǿߣ
ʮĶӡ
֮һҾ޴ִϣһĻ˼Ļ֮ϡ
һīӷĻϵĻ棬о֮˲ǲμӲԵˣǲ²£ղǸôģ
Աߵ߸˶˼׷
ӳ˺ǰĸصĹɱ
ţҲôãַǳǿ
ӳҾ˵һһŮйϵȻǿ磬ôͻȻس죿
ӳҪȥץ

۷׷ףӳ˼˺þ֪֮ͨвμӲԵˣ׷ɱˣֻҪɱеһͨ
ַߵĻ棬ܸо˺Ϥ׺һʱ벻
һ·ϣεˣصıַȤˣɱһ棬ûȤˣЩ˸յȫը
ģû˸ҿߵĶ顣
ʱյһϢĻҶ˵Ķ棬иͼʾ˵λãֻҪɱһͨԣ
οĻϵϢɫһƬҰס
ôˣΣ
νַ磬ַ翴֮󣬵ĵʲôظְǣ٣٣ǲõġ
ε˵ͷҲֻظְǡ
û߶ã˸˵סȥ·ο˸֮ʱڵǰͬ顣
ĿĶų̱ԼѣҪɱô
̱ĿЩΣ㲻ҪˣƫƫҪȣ˿϶ѧԺĵˣڣѧԺҪҲﲻ㡣
㣬ǲҪɱңشңεĿһ̱
̱ûлش𣬾ĳĬ˿϶Ļش
Ϊ׵ĴͷЦţΣڻûͨԣһպɱ˾ͿԹءϾͬѧһԣҲɱ㣬ֻҪɱ˾Ϳˣ˽ǰɡ
Цðѧб¾͹ɣ
ûж֣ǿԱߵĳ̱̱ɱξͽɡ
̱ɥ磬ˣ˺òãɱˡ
Ȼ̱εԼȥɱԼŮѣ̱ǾЩܡ
У㵽ɱɱɱĻԼ߰ɣ
̱˵ĿⶼֻĿԼſϷȴԼȥɱԼŮѣ
̱һݣȻתͷĿҰһ㿴ΣΣңҲҲɱ㣬Ҳˡ
һʹ̱Ůѣ軹ǲˣ
̱޳ܵĵҲãҲãҲҲ
ᣬ֮ǰô˵ģ˵ᱣң˵ᶪң˵ҲҪһ𣡷㶪ңһߵ㾹ȻҪɱң̱㲻ˣ
̱Щɵ촽ŭΣΪʲô˲ĽٵŮҼˣһ𣬻ΪҵǮ˭֪˦һСӣ˭֪ϲЩǮĹӸһ𣡴ҽ̸ֻҪľͺã˵һ㻨ҶǮмƽϹôŮˣҲͰˣΪһΪȥܺұôֻһƶмɫЩӸǲŻ棻˭ҰǺ⼯Ŷ£еǮҪʲôŮ˾ҪʲôŮˣҲգʲô
εĽˡ
̱ȥɣκԥĳ֣еĳŭţһϸСâ̱˹ȥ
ֻһĳߣ̱㣬θǳ̱Ķ֡
̱Ҳһҧг˿˿âγ˹ȥ
̱ĹǳȫƱǵ£нʮѨλֻҪУ˻
˿̱һأ
һ̣˽֮ʱ˶ɵˡ
οĹֱƿ˳̱ޱȵĽһ˿ɫâû˳̱š
̱ŵĿŷŭ֮һϢֱϮ
Ҳǲô£оԼ֮ʱ֮ͻȻһֱֲӽ̱ĹΪΣһ̣ƲɵĴ̽˳̱ࡣ
εûгԾҲûлңΪıѾʹͷŭȡ
γ˳̱ʬ嵹ȥοһۡ
˭ɱң
ȫɫ԰ףĺӶͷ̱һ˶Ϊεס˭Ҳû뵽λὫ̱ɱ
ɱ
̱һУӲҲᱻˣ
˴ľǺû˸ǰ
ʱԱߵ֮гʮ˽ַ˰Χ
ϣɱǾͨˣ
Щһַˣͳ˱ɱԼûлͨˡ
Գʮˣһ飬ôˣǸظܰҶԸô
վַߣĵַ磬£һᱣġ
ַ΢Цŵ˵ͷϵ߲ͣķŰۡ
ۿʮĹ˰κԥĳӭȥ
εĹһߵĹǼֻ֮Ҫ˴εĹ˾Իϣ
ֻʹУʮ촦
ǿĹЩҪ˶ֹס˽Ųǰ˶оεĹǵⷶΧ
һһͷһ£ֻǸȣ˵ͷͰ˼ң޷ţ
ǰεĹСһӴͷо޷
һɱһ㣬Ŀ˵ɨĵ˭ɣСɱ䣡
ڳӶˣô벻λô֪ôôҪڶ֮С
̱ĻãŮôȻ֪
ûǰĲԽԽ࣬мͷΧɱַˣȫɱ
ڣһٶ߱ɱȥЩˣûһʬ壬ȫж˿飡
һʱ䣬׷Բ֮죬ʬأ
ûһˣϵ·ɸɾûһѪϡ
һո߲ߵʼʱзǳ£˿־壬ǵһ߾ʬ嵹ԼǰʱοʼľˣֻɱǰЩˣ
һһվһѲʬ룬ĿɨЩ˶ŵĺһûٸǰ
˫ʼ֡
ĲԽԽ֮࣬ڣѾߴǧˣԶд߳
Ҳû˶֣ǿô˺˽ţ϶Ҫ״֮ٶ֣ľ֮󣬻ûǸͷûԸһȥ


284 
вγһΧȦַ˰ΧΧȦ˵ľʮң˶ɱַˣûһǰ
ӣΧȦԽԽ󣬰Сʱ֮Ѿۼǧˣ
ȥҲǰ취Ҳû˼ȥ
ܿ죬ӰΧȦ֮߳ʮˣʮ˵ΪѾ쾳硣
۷׷ס
֮еʮֳˣûˡ
ʮֲѾͨô
⻹ʣ϶Ǳƴĳˣ룬ʮֵĵλôͷϣôǵĵλܵӰ죡
ٺ٣ֻǸŮ˻ֻͨˣֻҪʮסŮģǾлɱˣ
УôˣΪֵ𣿡

οʮˣȫ亹ʮˣŮ֮еżζΪǿߣǴ˿̣ξȻЩǿߣΪУǶһˣʮˣ
θоһ㣬һжôʵ
ʮǿһᣬʮѾ˽⵽ղŵֻǴЩ߿˽⣬ʵһʮʮ٣˵糬һĴڡ
ǿΧʬƬʮ˾ȻЩߵĻ
һǿߣǿߣ
ʮ׼ͬʱȥԸΣ
ĿĴʮɨǻԥʲôʮǿ߾ȻһҪԸңң
ǽΰɣŵٴѧѡˣһ㣬ߣܸܲңôɱôˣ
ߵһеʡ
εĻشǳļ򵥣ʵеĽ
ãܺãһʵеĽ
ʮǿһɱһѧԱɱ֣´ȥҲʡ
ʹͷһεʵ
ϣҺ㽻֮ʱ˲Ҫ˺ҵѣΣ
ַԣеһů
û⣡Һ㹫ƽһս˲˺СѣǺʮǿΪУ
˻һ䣬ЩԾԾԣκʮֶ֮ʱɱѵ뷨֮Ĩȥ
Ĳ߶ǳʮֵû˸ҺʮΪУ
νһеʽȴĽ
굱ʲãгһѺɫ֮ϴһ˿İĹâֱֱĴ˹
ַ۾ڼţһУ;ûУλνȫε·ߣһɱ
ַţԸ
οŶԷĹӭȥͻȻηԼԼƣ
˿γʮңԭضվһ
β㲻ҲУһ㶣ϵĶûб֮ʱͻȻâεȫ߸Ծ𣬱ϴ޾ϵֱȥ
һ̣ס˺ûΪܶ㿪ǿһ
Ըεȷûж㿪ǿһ˵θûдҪܣ
һ̣˿ľ֣ʳָָָͷסĽ
һĻ˵Ĵͣס˼ֳһž˴ľճɵɵĿ޷һĻ
һĻֱ˵ĴԶ·
ǿֵʳָָһĺɫ̽ϳڡ
֮εĳһĲĨȥ
ͫһĿ޵ľ֣ͷ­߸ߵķŴӸ߿պȻ¡
ɱԵɱ
Ͳһεս
һϣ
ʣµľŸֿһĻȻ֣Ǻη壬˷ǳĬγ˹ȥ
壡ɱǣ
ھŴֳεͬʱΧǰ̵ַ˹ȥ
˸ճ嵽ζʮ׷Χ֮ڣֻȻһ¾𳤽ž˵ķỬһ̣ұͬʱ뿳ϣ
˻ûüҽУһ̾ͬʱ˵ڵء
˿Ŵֵ˫ȱ뿳ϣƲסǰ˶ȥ˸ʺ
һ˺ѷεʹ˾˵ĴԣһĲҽй󣬾ȫ˹ȥ
̧еĽھ˵ķһ鿳˵һ֮±һ⡣
ֶμ̣
˱һĻסܶŮѧԱһĻʼθŻ¡
ַߣЩһСַֻ΢΢ſͣŭһһǿľǰİ˳˹ȥ
Щ˸޷һӵ龫ľ񹥻ת֮䣬˴һһŵԵڵء
˲֪ʲôͿǰ˶ˣÿ˶Ѫ
ɱŴǿ֮µõ˿ȨҪȥæҲһĻ𺳲ѣԼǿߵжǿ
ΧȦ˿ʼ׷׺ˣֹûٸǰһ
ʱַ米ϵߵַ磬湻ûҪ浽ʲôʱ򡣡
ַ絭ĵɱɱȥǺôںòҵӣǺܺô
棿ֻΪ棿ûĵֻ֪֪ǿߣ
ַνĵҾءҪǣ½磬ǵ磬ǿǿߣܴôٺ١
仰ЩģڹʧɲԼ
һ㶵ģѵѵһֱԼַ磿
ܣַôߣһǿߣôܣ
ʱзһֱʮ˴ַ˰Χ
ʮϱǿϢţʮͷԳһðڡ
ַĿʮɨʮ
е˼Ϊ˸ѧԺ˲СѪ
ʮûж֣һַ˵һˣ
ַûж֣ԣЩַɲɱַɲȥֵܶ
ã
Щ߸û뵽ͻȻô˵Ȼô־ܣ
ʱ߳ħַԱߡ
ַ絭ĶΪ׵˼ǣסˣ
ߣɱôˣ϶Ҫסǣ
ַ粢û˵͵һץλΪ׵ѾַַֽĿס˲ӡ
δսʮֵѾڲߵ񾭱ʱַһѾͽһλãλûз֮һĻʮ˼һĵס
һԶԸǧ֣ǿЩһڣһĴھһ±Ʒˣ
£Щɱַ˵Ĳ߶ŵ˵ϣͬʱжڰңҺ÷Լûг֣ⲻϻϰëô
𾪵ַߵΣδַߵĶԻ֪һЩ飬ʼղһֱԼǿַ磬Ǵ˿ַ̣һץƷһѾˡ
ԼˣչԼ˾Ȼ֮ǿ
𾪡ȣǸκ˵ʧС
Լ˦ַ硭
ַ˵ԼҸ׬ܶܶǮ
Լȫ硭
ֻ룬ַ֪ʵԿһ㣬ǰԼѾˡ
ַ絭ЦţһѶصڵϣоɢһλǿߴһʱһ㡣
ַ翴ƵĵҼǵüǰһͷͨ˶ң绹ͨ˵綼ңôûʶˣ
ϸĴַ磬ǰ˵òȷġƣǸ߸ϵġôǡ桯
Ƿǰ˵Ĺ˽ˣ˭
ǡַ磡
һλѿڶ
еô£
ַ绰䣬һֱλȲؽڣͨһڵϡ
״ڵء
μˣ
£ΧȦ˶ɵˣһĻһ㣬ԼһֱɱˣȻĽ
ٴַϿȥǰ˶ǳ죬˶֪ǰַͨҡһŮʹǿͳһ硭
˶ԾĹȥ
ݼˣ
ꡭ
һ𾪵Ըӡ
ַǿߣοԽܣַһпƷһҲԽܣַĽߣһӷӦ
˹ݣȻҪȥݡ
һεε壬θ͹ȥ
ַ粻ԼȥԼԼ٣
ִ֮ڵ˿Ļϵľ𾪲ѡ
ԱߵһŮŮְ֣Ҳȥɡ
š
֮һɻ˹ɻ֮һһŮ
ַ硭
ַ翴ϤӰ⡭
ݼˣ
Ҫݣַ缱æε˲
ַû뵽￴ˡ
ַ硢ߺ˱д
ַ粻ˣȻΪ֮ѣôȻûһӣͽ˳ϻ̳Ͽ֣˵
һᣬַҲȤַ粻ǽĻ˻ܳɣַݶ˴ѹַ̫оһ㡣
̫ԭأַ⣬ĨȥʹĻ䣬֮ͽһ
ǰ̫ԭ᳤Ǯٳǵʦ֣Ϊһθ鱻飬żţַҲû뵽¼飬׻Ƶ۹֮еҪְ
ַθǳϻ̳Ͽ֣ĵ׺ַһļĸֳޱȵʧܡ
ǼٵģԼַ磻Լô飻
ûԺҩ
ڵַǸ߸ϵߣԼֻһСߵĲ࡭
ΣΡ
ַ˼֮βŴӻ֮˹
ΣѾкˣѾʽΪѧԺһԱˣĻ᳤֮Ӽ㣬ΪӣҪ׼
θоԼһ㣬·һ±ˣһ̣ԼΪģڣȻϾҪΪ᳤ӣ
ָоͺһؤת֮˻ʵۣ޷ӦͽܣһƬհף񾭺·һ޷ָ
ַĿһ۴ľΣ
ݼѹ֮ʱյģַѾӰ
۽ǵεζ¡
ַ罫ڤħûʹֱ֮ʥصķȥ
һ·ϣַһûһţַ֪ͳһͨ˵磬Ϊռ߶ַĿĹۺܶ࣬ҲȫַԼͬһλáϾϣֻǿ߲ܵ𾴣ַǿ֮еǿߣ
ַֻ֪жʮʱвŲ֮ʱ𾪲ѣ߲ûַʷʱһͨ˸ߵľ磬ͳһ磬ַôģһ棡ô˵ҲΪ


285 ׽ڴ
Ϊ˶Ըϼħӡ֮еħħӡɻԵѡֻѹħһħеָ콣֮һԣҲŻȥħô½磬磡æһҪ
ַ߲֪ռ֮ݣ϶һھܾȻҲַ˵ôࡣħô½֮ʱַ绹û˵ʲô£ͱһڴϣΪ˵ݲ࣬߸ûȤַ罻̸
Ǵ˿̣ռߣߵȻпǡ
û⣬ʲôô˵ȪˮŪң
ַȪˮǾ½Ŵҩ֮һȻ˵ɺŪˣ
ߵĻַҲѾӦˣãʲôҪ󾡹ᣬΪռˣռûʲô첻ġ
ߵӦһҪΪһ£ڻû뵽ʲô£뵽ٸ㣬ô
ַȥǲҲҪӦ㣿ҪɱҵֵҲȥô
ƲַһۣΪôĵô˶ʲôôɱֵܶʲôô
ַдɫԵĹ⣬ѵǲ롭
ַ磬
ֱַߺݺݵšһѡ
ַ缱æ֣ЦЦðɣֻҪΥҵ˷ҶӦ㡣
⻹࡭

صʥ֮ʥдߡ
ʥֻ΢΢ĵͷݣռκûзֻòԵʺ
ÿռ䶼ʥصħô½ʥأߵȻô
ǵ߸ܵʥϢ֮ʱ֮гһĨ֮ɫ
ϢܹϢ
ʥһλ飬һλѹ֮£ҲǳأҲû뵽ռһλ飡
ߣǰʥضԸħҴʥЩлİ
ʥǳгħ֮£ҷǳƣһһ㣬߸оƮƮȻģߴû뵽ܺһλƽƽЩʵĸо
ߣʲôҪ󾡹ܴ˴ζԿħʤǰܣҶҪ󡣡
ߵʥˣҵΪѾͣת꣬ʥ֪ӵָ콣ҲӦ֪塯˻ϵ򣬵һֱδɹʥΪָһ
ʥüͷ΢΢һ壬ߣȻҵΪѾﵽ񣬵ǱѩĹҲˮϵϵڻϵǺ˽⣬ǿֻӵߣһ湦о˲ŻᣬҿҲﲻʲôæ
ЩʧΪ񾳽ܰԼڿԲһ޷Լ
ַʱߵҲ˻򣬻ܰʲôæ
߷ǳӵƲַһۣΪַﲻʲôַΪѾˣʺĲǲԽģ򣬶ǿܰʲôæ
ַ粻߱ĵңһҡ
ַͷųһ㣬Բʮ֮ɢȵϢý߰
ַһżգڼһʱ䶼ûУŵĿߡ
ȻַͷŻһʱ䶼ȴĸоˣȻַǹ߸Լϵǿ
Ȼһ䣬һЩ벻ͨĶѾһüĿһ˲ĸܣȻԼչһĸҪ̣
ѵҲ˻ϵ
Ǹʥˣûȸˣʥ˺ˣġ
ֽȥͷ
߼æʥˣҲˡ
ַ硭ȵҡ
ʥ˰ŵʥõĿͷַշţ
ַ֪ߣʵ˭ѽ
ֽ𡭡
Ŷԭ߰ʲô𣿡
мΪϵֽֽҹ̸
ŶòǴ찡Ұɣںæǳæ
ǲֽˣ
ϣǹҹ
ʥַߣַһˣ߽
ַսţ
˭ַⷢʡ
ֽң˵õģǱҹ̸ֽ̼Ϊϵ⡣
һλߣҵΪֻһССʣֽ⣿Ĳҵ
ҧгݣַ֪绹ΪԼԼѾˣһ̱ǲϼԼ
뽫ַ籩һ٣Լϵַֻ硣
һЩӲĵ£ǸҲӦС㡭
ԴӳΪĸĸ֮⼸ʮûиκ˵ǫ
ĸݣǲҪκ˵ǸҲҪκ˷Ϊһɱ֣ħô½һɱ֣
ڣȴַǸˡ
ַ絭ĵǸѾ·˯ˣ˵
ַ硭㡭
֮£ˣͻȻнһЦѾ򿪣ͨſ϶סߵĽŲ
뷿䣬ţֱסȻȫ㣬ڴϣŽ޽ֺף
߱ΪַϷŪԼԼԲ뵽ַû·ַ߿ܻ̲סŶ뷢Լû·ԻĶӣ
˶ƴˣַû·߲ûӣ
߷ǳ侲ڷԣַ治ɫ󵭵ĵֽǿ̸̸ô
ֱַͻȻ𵱳̫ԭɽԼϼ֮ʱԼŹݼݼҲĲĶַû·Ҽˡ
ַǰŮ˲ĸĸħô½һɱ֣һɱֵľᣬһû·ˣʲô
ַ޳ܵ룬һŮ˶һʲô
Ҳûд·ֻűӽÿĵطһ£ûҲϵ򣬶ɹˣѧϰʲô飬Ҳ㣬ʲôôأ
ַ˵ţɫԵĿߣǳ
治ɫֻֽҪϵɹκҪҶ㣡
ַٺЦţκҪôǡô
һҧãû⣡
䣬߿½·Ѿ˵ϣֻʣһ¡
ҿַֻǿЦϷŪߣû뵽ģ·ٶҲ߯˰ɣ
ߵȻַ֪ϷŪԼҲͬʱϷŪַ磬棬棡
ϷŪң˭ϷŪ˭ģΪĸȥˣ
ĸѣ߲ڴ˴֮ȡõһλãĸͻܵʮΧҪȡʤֻһ;ϵ򣬻ָ콣
ίַ磬ĸˣôߵȻԸ⡣
ַռ֮Ŷʮ꣬ΪѾ֮ߣ֮ǰ;Ҫǣʱַ˽⣬һܳǾһˣˣץסȻҪץסҪ
һƽðɣַ磬ҴӦ㣬
ַ缱æ֣ĿЩʧ룬㣬𡭡㶼һˣҲʮϵˣҽŶʮҿɲȢ̫š
һŮǰѹ·һȴŵĺ񿴵һǳ־һ㣬ڴǣίһ㡣
ַ˵̫ţЩˣΪˣʺܱ֯ὡ״̬Ҫô˵ˣδȢδޣкβɡѵҲô
ȷѾŮˡ
ߵߣȥȻĿַ磬ô
˵ţȥϵ£һóַ
һŮջַûзӦǼٵģַоһȣһȻӵֱţһȺĶֱӴӱ֮˳
ַűӾڴţŬѹԼ
Ůѣ˭ô
ݼߺߣ϶
ʱַķűƿſվһˣַ翴ʱһ´סˡ
˵ܲٲܲپ͵ݼ˿̵ݼַû·ŴǣһŮҲû·ڴϣǰַ翿
ݼͶţһǰȥϲɽѰҷӡӵˮᣬոյʥأݼ˵ַѾħô½ַ磬ȴһĻ
һ޾ɱϯַߣ˶ʱоٱѡ
ɱӰֱ֮ӱƬκƷɱĳ֮±˷ĩ
ݼûȥ˺ַˡ
ߴ󾪣ֻŮ˵ŭ⣡һ˵ŭȻữΪε˵Ϊжߣ
ɵӶܲµǰŮ˺ַʲôϵˡ
ŮӵһȻŭǺӰʧɫ
һֱΪԼħô½ûмܱȵϣǰŮˣ޿ޣĺ࿴һ۾Ƕ¡
ߵͷоԼԶԶ磡
ַ磡·ҳ

ݼһɱ֣ħ½ɱָĽɱ֣ԭΪһΪ֮ϣȻǳߣڸ˵Ů֮ľҲһǰδеĸ߶ȡ
Լ˺Ů˳ͬһ֮£ݼʼȵķŭַŭݼʧȥǣݼѹ
ûŪ֮ǰݼô³çοڵƽ֮£ַôˣԺ϶ֻһŮˣַԼͱŮݼзǳˬ
ݼҪһͣ
ַǱһ·ϣĬĬ߳š
ݼŭַ粻֪ôȥͣοˣЦͷˣؼʱ̣ץ˸ţ͡׽ڴûʲôֱ
ַͻĹʼΪһһƣ˼ַСʱ͸ٹ̣Ϊַǰʮһֱһͨˣһֱͨ˵ķɡ
οַ絽Ҳûмһ檳Ⱥ飬ڵ
˿̵ַǳ顣
ݼĶַ磬Ů˭
ַλȥħô½ɱħߣλҵŮݼ
治ɫǰʲô¶ûз΢ЦſݼݼС㣬á
ãС㡣ԷôòݼȻʺ϶Ů˷ŭҪŭҲҪַ緢ŭ
һȥһħô½Ŷ̶̵ôʮ죬Ȼ˸Ůˣ
ݼһᣬߵӵʮ֮һָ콣ħô½һɱ֯ĸĸߣûмǴĻڰǰѾɻ飬ŮԲԣ


286 
һ㶣֪ôȥشԼðĸĸһֱߣұ©ݡݼСô֪ô
ݼ߲ش𣬼ҹ۲ֻʮ꣬Ҳ˵ֻʮ꣬Ѿ꣬ߣǼٵģ
һŮ˵ʲôˣôῴҵ䣡
ΪŮȻطܿ˵ޡ
ַȻǰɣǼٵģ
ݼĿߣð߽Ӵַ磬ʲôĿģ
ݼĲ֮£ֻʵʵ˵
ߵŮĸϽħô½֮оˡĸðĸ׼ĸλáʱħô½ңɷϣĸϢȥܶͻԸĸԣֻĸ׵壬ϸ֮λ񣬼֮󣬾һ졮ħսħô½ֻϴƣڵĹסĸԣħ֮ǰұϵ򣬲һΪϵֽ֮ǰҵֽֽһֱϼңҾӲֽķ䣬ֽҿЦ
˵ˣѾˣ
ݼ𣬵ʱַ֮ʱַίľڴǣĿȺĿַ磬϶ַϷŪߣϷŪ
ݼ̫˽ַˣ϶һᣡ
ַʱݼ㲻ţԶȡҵļ䡣
Ϊȥȡ˵ļǳ򵥣ֻҪԷ˵Է
ұ죡ݼ˵꣬һַĸ
ϡ
ַҽһֱӱ߷ڰ׿⡣
һֳַ̣ݼǰίĿݼ̬ȷǳϿҵĿݼݼҴˡ

ַٴڿлһߣصһ֮ϡ
ַڵ壬ݼҲûöȻ˲ַ磬ַֻоʹѡ
ַһֱŰʮݼſϰݡ
ַһſʲôˣǧŮˣǷŭ֮еŮˡ

ӵߣӵ߽˼ࣻӵľӡӵˮ᣻ָ콣ӵߣ츫ӵߺ
ڵ룬ʥʥΪ˾쳣ƺƴĻᡣ
ˮһλǳƤɰŮһοַ֮ʱͲַҪ
ȫûаߵκ˵ǿߣǸͷĿߵ˾ͽи塭
ˮĵƤɰκ˶޷ȥˮʥĸ첲ʥ㳤̣ʥͷ䵽ţʥ֮ʨӴ󿪿ڣʥҪ
˿ЦãǾǶƤɰŮ
ˮܿͶַ硣
磬˧Ŷ㿴üë񡭡Ǳӡ͡·㡭
磬ôᣬۡ
龪ֿɰ״ŶʮҮͳ˵İҺóŶ
ַһ±ˮ˵ˣ˶κģҸ״ûôԼ̵Цš
Ǻַ翴ˮеĶô䣬ÿʺͱ鶼䣬ַһ¾ˣֱ꣬ǿӵ
Ǻˡ
һݳ״ÿɰɡðɡ
磬˵кöö౦һɣ㿴ôɰü
ַ󷽵ͳ
磬ô㣬̫ˣ㡭
ַĸԸļţöôãٶһ㶼ۡ
磬˵д˵֮о½Ŵʥҩ֮һȪˮһɡ
ַ˳һ䣬˭ô౦ģУȪˮģ
˧Ķţҵģ
ַóƿˮᣬˮõȪˮ֮۷Ź⣬˷ܺͼԸӣݺݵıסַһڣһ̣Ҳˡ
أ
ַȺ֮пˮһλ˧硱ǰüɫĿλ˧硣
λ˧ſˮһԵĿˮᣬĸԸóԼıˮᡣ
ַʱоԼˡǶţ˵Լô౦
ַĿ˶ţŭһţ
ţŭַ磬Ⱦܡ
ַ׽ס˶ţţˮһĽߡ

һʱ䣬ħͻħӡʥؽ֪ͨĴĴ֮ȫʥء
ʥǾһƺƴᣬǿ߻ۣ
ϯ̨֮ϣݼλ
ȻʥصϴʥݼŮݣʥҲֻܾ£
֪ݼŮ֮ʱе
֮£ΪϣݼϹŴַ֮߱һЩ֮ģڣͷȫȡһһŮˣŮô
᳤ܻ쵽
㣬֮г⣬һɫսۣݣȫһɢһߵϢ
ַ̾һＸ²仯ô󣬿һɱ˲ˣϴҲ
ַµûȫ֮⼸һֱɱϣвԼλˣȫһһ
ҪΪһλߣͱвԼλֻܳõͳΣһ죡
ĸµϴλ֮ڲͻһδѪÿҪְλ֮϶ᰲԼˡһ˭׵ĹͶɡ
Щˣ㲻ɱֲòɱˣڶɳ֮·ϸ趫˺ˣɱնݳһԣ˶ᱻΣ
νһ˵õȮ죡
̶̵ļ£֮Ǳڵв̶̼µķɱ¾Ѿĥ൱ߵľ硣
󣬸ΣδԸУǳˡ
ַ֮ǰν󣬶춪ͷ£ԽεܲضַĽȻҵ
ܳϲ֮Ҳ˳ĳ˶ӡ
ηǳãÿ춼ʱָηʲôҲѵ⣬ҳͷΪַ統ʱ⽻֮ʱ˵ˣŮá
ã˭ǣ
ݼʥ˺󣬺ַһᣬصԼλϡ
ǵһ
һƽһ֮жһݳأǳʽĺ˴кַҲһֻǰݼȻصԼλ
ַ֪Լ͵һʱĹϵڼѾ˾Ĺϵֵ֮ĸѾԶȥⶼΪַ統ɱ˵һʦʦ档
ϴˡ
ӳ֮ʱȫ󣬿ַ磬ͳ˹ַһܱ
ַҲô֮ˣ˼ɱ˵Ŀӽıһ
ֵܣ飡
Ӻַҳģ˺ܾãһЦһص˵ĻѪݼŮʥַ֮ʱޱȣ˵ǳСģҴ˷ǳصı׸˼λϴ
ѪǳףֵַܣֻԼߺַûʲô飬ַֻǴڣѹ۹ıң˵ˣѪԣѪһҪץסÿһλͽùϵ
Ĵڵ롣
ĸǰǶʦ֧ߣڲ˻᳤֮ѡ˹ڶ˻᳤֮λִ֡
һλҲǵһӼĴ
Ѫߣ˯涼ֳ˵Ϊ𾳽ϡ
ֻһ˹Ҳ˯ǧʦΪʥ硣
ܿ쿪ʼŮݼ򵥵лʺãʣµ½ʥ
ʥϸΣλ֪ͨңʮ֮սħ
ҽյշǳгռһѹֵĸоֺгΪ֮
ʥʱʲôֱ˵ٽսħ֮ʣӦͬЭһԿħ
ʱߣһվĵʥˣȻˣҾֱ˵ˡ
λַԴħս֮ϴƣǧķչҲĽĺ֮һƬƽల£ˮˮ꣬緢չĶʱڣʱ򣬽˳֣Ĵ󶥼¶ңǿԼ˿磬ͨ˵ȫһһŽռ˽¡ȻҲǷԽôǴģ籾ǿʳ磬ҶԽ˵ʵʾɣĸλǸ֮еĶǿߣҶ֪ǿΪ𣡶ŮǾ飬Ӧòռ֮£ƾŮϽ֮λ಻
϶ַ罫ͶʮɱݻܲЩȥϵǳãмĽ顣ĳ˵ǲݣ
˿̣ľǵİʥʥʱһҪŪףͲţӢ۵棬ʥʥһ
ԾλǶԸħģڳҵңҵֵܣ
λϣ˵ʵǵܲ²ģ綥Ĵǽһ֮ݻٵģϲҪ
᳤ҲӰ쵽ûκιϵֻԸ˵ݶԽ˵ʵʾɣ
зŭѣӽˮôַĺŮȻ˵ǲκοռģռϵӦó֣Щʥعܵģʥڶˣﹷƨʲô
Ҵųģ鷳
ҲԽ˵ʵʾɡ
ʱһߵһվΪŮʹݺŮĴ󶥼ǿߺʹݻĴ󶥼Ůͳһ磡֪˶ʹóԽռʥصһֱûгʥص治ЩˣǺǣЩϲģͰͳһˣֵõôʥˣֻ֪ô£
ѪһҲڵʥˣǧʥһֱάֺͱĺƽ类Ĵ󶥼ƣȫһƬ֮࣬ν֮ͳһ磬֮ʥҲһֱݣʥص˼޻˵ҶԽ˵ʵҲʾɣܴùϷҾͳǽˣ򲻹ϷϷ򲻻Ĵڣ
Ѫ鶼ˣҺͽùϵأ㾹ȻﷴԽɽ㲻ǰô
ظʲôû˵ַ̫ˣַ磬Ѿˡ
ַ֮ǰг𣬺г𣬺ûκγޣһֱַ綼壡ʱ򳪷ַ磬ǺͶʲô𣿣
𱨵ûѪȴˡַٳѪˣѪѾˣѪ˾Ȼַ磡


287 Ϊɱô
ߵظû˵ǰȴе˭Ҵ磬ǺҹȥҹȥǺȥ
ӵ̬ȷǳǿӲվڽߵģ
һȣ᳤ܻλȫַԼģԼߵ˷ַ磬ԼȻѵԼҲҪַô
жʱβѣæվߵŭϣڿʼѾ飡Ժˣ֪ĴֵģԣԻ᳤ݽȫ飡ɽˣΪУ
˻һȫҲǿӲ̬ȱԼ
Ȼ᳤ܻȫǿĴ߳ĴߣԶѿȫ֡
һҲ˵ʲô⶯һ£ʲôû˵ʦʦ涼Ǳַɱʱַ̻磬ֻ˵治
Цã᳤¹飡ֵٶ꣬Ϊ¶ٺͣһ仰ܽ˸ϳôҪ᳤
쵱ʲãó˻᳤ƣߣҪ췴ô
ߴŭûʸ᳤Ļ᳤֮λǽģǳϻѡٵģǲĳϻֻʣĴߣȨϳ
Цǲң᳤֮λ
ھͷ㣡
ͻȻѣ֣һֱӽߵȫ
ʥأߣҪڱʥǰôûаѱʥ
ǵʥʥ֣֣һ¾Ϳסһ
ȫ亹æʥˣҲ˼ҷһʱ嶯ʥԭ¡
ʥ룬ɫǵڲǻȥ֮ҪȻݹֱ飡
˶٣ʥʥһ¹ǷžȻʥغͱʥ
ʥȻᣬ΢΢Ĵһŭ⣬ŭ⣡ЩŵĶɪɪ
ѪһλʥˣǲɣֻŪѡ
ࣿʥЦ˵ģǿΪǶֽȻȻһʥؾԲ֣
ݼʱҲ֣ҷģ֮λ߾ֻ֮Ҫ˭ܴܻɱֽȻûʤһλϽ
ַƲݼһۣⲻôѵ㻹ҵ
ŮĻûȥɣΪǿŮûбҪȥһȺȥ˵ѣ
ǰ۾ͬʱһǰһûᣡ
һЦȻʥ˺Ů˶ֵ֣ܾ̽µ
ڳһƬأĴͬʱǰ
˶ΪĴһһ˭Ҳû뵽Ĵͬʱ֣
ַλ֮վһھƣĵȻɱֻλˡ
ЦֽϷ򿴵óΪֻʾ磡ǰһп϶ǽŮ˵Ϊ飬Ů˺ʥ˶ˣɣ
ЩϹŶʼΪַһжǽŮͳ磬ʥ˺Ů˶ڴ˵أλ鶼Ѿŵִ£߾뽫ַնɱڴˣȥֵܱ
ȻܳΪµĽòˣ
λͬʱǿϢַ
ЩϢַһ㶼ûãַʶΪġ
߹۲Ĵüͷͻ֮һҪɱ߽סޡӦԵġꡯȥܸЩûаȫǿﵽ𾳽磬Щħô½Ϊα𡯣ûľ磬ˣħô½һڴԲ򲻹
߸оԼҪɱĸˣʮС
Ŀⶢַ磬ϾַΪʴԲ˻ַܸܵϢʺľ֮˶ʮ磬ͲȡʤַԵĲһ𣬶ĸ
ĸĵһѵĹʿԵģ۴ٶȺ౶
ŵ죡
ĸַֹԿʼʹǽַ粢ûԸԳĸֻǱȥһ룬ǿַķֳ忪ֱַӲɣݺݵһǽ֮ϣǽڱҵĹѳѺۡ
ַһʹþŵʧܣŵҲƣܷΧȻᱻơ
ȻַûʹҲûʹֻʵʹþŵ졣
ǽȫϵȵľʯ죬ȻһƻӲĽʯǽڴ顣
˿ַ类ɣַ絲ȥҲĴ𻯽⡣
ЦҶˣֻֽʴԲ˺һֽܲס̸ɱΪʥĿ̻ʺΪʥĶ˹᳤Ͳܣ
ݼ΢ŭߣɱ𣿡
ݼŭ⣬Ŀη壬ңֻƲѡ
Ϊɱô
ĵ˿ڵϵַٴվ
⡭ôܣ
ĴΪַѾˣôһ¶ûУ
Ĵٴνַ磬ߵһ֣ǿĲɵѹַŭ𣺡·
ĴĹַתƣǺǰŵһֻһת˳ȥʣ֮һٴνַɡ
ַ֮ٴκĳĴǰ
ĴԼЩæңһһ⡣
Ĵַ磬ַ类һδεĴɣһδվʥԼĹƻߣĲ̣
ԽԽƣ˼ӣɱַ磬ַһֱûгֹֻǷ
ֽҾͲܽס˵ȫһУֵȫһ
ַ絭Цţû˵
ͬʱ߷ȫ˵γ˽ľˮڿпʼۣںϣ֮ߵ֮ȻԵǰϣ
йһ
߷һЦֽкһɱһλʥҿô
ַĬ򣡡

ַٵĵľˮںΪһйһ
ô£
£𾪣ݼʥ
ĴĴԼ·㹦ʧء
⡮ǡӰڡ֮أ㡭ôᡭһôԡ
˫Ĺһģһ˸оַߵǳкһȱǱߵǿĴﵽһƽ⣬ʱһ㣬ȻͬʱʹһеĿַһ˶Эǲȵġ
ַѾ룡
ߣΣˣ
ַ˵ţȻһùǰСһһڰ׷İԣ
ߴ󾪣кһ߾硪
ô벻ףԼֵܶ꣬޷ﵽ߾磬ַֻжʮꡭѵ̥ͿʼôʾַŶ̶ʱ䣡
һţҲܴﵽĸ߶ȣ
ֻȥݣ
ַѾﵽ߾磬ֻǷȱѣͱַϰĹ졣ȻǸƱ˵ĹַԼԸͱкһ
˫žУûͷųȥַؿǰġԡһ㣬ڵļѣڼֱ֮Ϲ£Ĳֺ
һַ֤ѾƵľ磡
ߣĸ˿̶ֻܽһλãʱ׼֡ͱ˵ַһˣ΢ıһת켣˵оͻһ˷ɡ
ͷ亹˶ףַĹ˾ԷǣǼ磬ò
ߺݺһҧַ磬ͬھɣ
֮ǰġͻȻϢ屶࣬Żַ֮ݺݵ˹ȥ
ַ罫˦˸ŶĴ֮˹ȥ
䣡
ĴֱӱƬַ类ըɡ
޾Χ˺ʥλ֮ȻվɫսӲĽըನѹȥ
ַ类ը֮ٴվǺ
˶ĴɱûˣӿʼĴսһֱûг֣ĴľнĴɱ
ڣЩַʵ˿ʼ
ǼɱʵôɣַĿɨ˵һߵѪǱߵ
ַɱ֮ߵ˶ѾıͣѾϿַʵڣַ粻Źǣ
һߵһæˣҷʧ֮ҸֿĵǸԭ£
ѪҲæС۲ʶ̩ɽ˺

ַǣÿ춼ɱʵÿ춼ұսǲʲô¶øˣÿ춼Щ˴ܣǸɱʥˣŮˣǸսϣǹ죡ˣлϵıҪô
һϰɣȻҵʵ͸һλᣬɱңߣɱǣ
ַսһ㣬ȻַɢϢǺǿ󣬵ŵɪɪ
Ѫһλæֽ˲ҪҪΪ룬ħּЩϲĿɶսˣǾͻʧȥһ
ַЦ˵ûǱҪ·ϣҲ֮ˣһ˵ΪǳֻͣҪԱҳϣһãԱж֮ˣΪжǿͻɱ֮죡
˶ѾףַǲŹЩˡ
ʥ˵ʲôǿַȻԼǰ˵ִ£ûпڡЩ˵ȷ˿ϧħħ죬Ϊ˷ֹħɢ½˼䣬Щ˾ѹħĺ֣ʱɱЩˣǳס
ˣ
һսǿ˵޵еģĽղ֮˺Ĵս֮ʱû֣Ƶģĸ
Ѫ໥һۣͻȻһſԱߵһĲ֮ҧȥҧҲûз߷ȫľѪȥ֮ҧ忪ʼѸٸɿݣܿһ߸ʬ˵ϣ֮һĳɻҳ
ҧһˣ
ѪȫգϢ˲䱩ǣ˫Ŀ죬Ƥ֮һЩɺɫۻ֮ѡ
ַ粢ûȥֹѪطһλԺ󣬴תֱʥת


288 սǰϦ
ѪʥһѪϢַ˹ȥ͵һץʮѪɫַ
ÿһѪɫʥΪĹٶ֮죬֮ǿʮȫַΧ
򣡡
ˮ򣡡
ʱ򣡡
·
ֻʱ֮£ַſλѪʥĹټַλѪʥٶȺ͹ǣ¹ٶȴַ֮ٶȺ
ҲϯڣַǿֻΪΪ򣬿λһͻᱻַɱ
λٶȺҲܵ˺ܴӰ죬˲ûж֣ҲӲķΧֻǿѪʥַս
һַ̣á·ֱӽʥȫתƣһ˿λķ˹ȥ
ǰĴһսַûп·תĴĹ֮ʱȫתƣ˻Ժˮ֮ٶȱʥҲȫתƣ
ѪʥһٽַɱַΪʼֻʣΪʮ磡ԣѪʥǳĽַնɱڴˣǵйַ֮ʱַ羹ϳһֹԼȫƣı䷽ȫתƣķȥ
ʥ󾪣ͬʱʹǿķȥӭֻӲΪַǣ֮£ټʥٶȺַΧ˸޴Ӷܣ
ķȫƿʮϴˣ
һ̲ѪʥĹŲǲλķȥ

޾Ϣ֮ڣǺڵĽԺˮͻֲ棡
ʲô
񴫳ߣϢȻġ
ַ绯˶۷׷ס
ַħ֣֮ͷѪʥǿĺɫ
ֱַѪʥĹ嵽Աߣַʥ˺˵ģЩֻҪ˵ǳܲ˵ģ
ַ׷֮ĴɢѪʥںĸַ磬׷ɱַ磡
սǳЦַ׷𼦷ɹһѪʥ׷ɱַ磬ÿεĹַ϶ûκãЩǿĹַã˺
ַ׷ᣬѪʥ޻ִַ֮˲ƣҲӲԼ
ȫԼʶ֮£ӵַ׷
û˱һȴʩչһ׷Ŵ
оͺһֻ׷Ŵ򡭡
ѪʥڶֱϮַ罫ʶһ𣬴ʥֱλѹ˹ȥ
»ǣ
λֻоԼĴһݵĿհףһ̣ʮѪɫûλڡ
䣡
λֱӱըƬ
Ѫʥ״ַ˾룬ٹַ磬Լȫᱻַã
ʣµλѣǵٶʵİٱֻ֮ʹóһٶȣַٶȴ֮ڱֻλһѡ
ַЦˣ
̰ǹ£
ħ޾ĽĻϯȥ
ڵǽһеѾɱӣڴԲĹɱȻǲܵġ
λͬУʹַȥ
ǣ˸ոշУͻȻеıɣԷȥʽΪʧͻȻı켣ɣλ󾪣
ĻЯžħһ
ߵĻλ崩Űľħͷλѹһ࣡ͷ֮˳ȡꡣ
ӹսûһʱ䣡λɱ
ַĿĿԶѪʥĵذɣҲոꡣ
һʥȥأǶ裡ȻַҪѪʥɱַҲŹ꣡
ѪʥϢٴαǣһɹǿҵɱַ֮䡣
ɱǳı壬ַɱڵɱҪٱϣΧɱѾӽʵʻʥΪɱľҲܵӰ죡
ԣѪʥַ߻ħΪַ޷ǿɱ
ѪʥԶ벻˿ַľʶľ磬ɱǿһٱҲӰ쵽ַ硣
ֽˣĹȻľ޷ɱɱǿߣǵŭԹɱҲܲɱɣ
𣿡
ɱ򣡡
ַԼڵɱ
һɱַϱһɹʵʻɱѪʥ˹ȥ
ַɱѾһǳߵľ磡ѪʥɱȻǿ󣬱ַɱڵɱӱǿ󣡵ַѪʥɱֻϢѣͲһεģ
ַɱֱչ׷ԲѪʥɱȫ棡ţɱڵѪʥɱ
˷ܵĴУǺö󲹰ôõĶɵñҪײҪ
⡭ô¡
Ѫʥַͬ޾ɱɱ޷Լȣַ嵽ǰ֮ʱѪʥŷⲻһɱɱγɵ
ţѪʥַڵԼɱѪʥ볷ȥԼɱǷԼڵɱѾԼһַȥ
ֽҰɡ
㣿㲻ɱôӦ֪Լ³
ַȻùѪʥɱȫɱգɱٴνһʧɫɱѪʥϯȥ
һ̣Ѫʥֱӱɱʴ߻ħ

Ѫʥ޾ɱķʴ֮ǳ׵ı֮ԥ֣Ѫʥͷ­ո
սʥȥеʬ֮»˳ǽ֮ϵļѷ֮⣬ʲô鶼ûз
ˣҼȾƣӣ죬Ǻȼ
ַͶ졢˳ȫ˵Ŀ⡣
ַɱˣĶǿߣʣµĸ˼ʮڣٶʣǧ֮µˣмˣʥûдЩǰȥȥֻ鷳
ռǿ
ַҲоĴַȫû뵽ϵʸֻô࣬жʮڣַ֪ЩںʹʶһЩǿߣѾ£ιغ˼ĺƽЩǿҲ׷׳ɽĴһǰʥء
ʮ֮ʥشڷ֪ͨʥѹƷӡ˻ȫħӡȫѣħ⼸֮
ݼʥԴǧǰħӡ
޾֮ϣˣ̹ǡ
һ·֮ϣԿҵľӣÿ˶šů¡ͷϴ֣¶ѾһٶȣĿͨ˸޷ܡ
Щɵ׼
ܶսռ֮һÿս֮϶䱸Ƚ豸ɱǿĵҩ
½սӣǧܸߴѺϽָ֮Ӧ¶ȡ

ʥվڱɽ֮ϣıһ㣬Ŀÿ˵ɨ
ξսħغ½İΣħ½Ϳ̿ͻԣεսǸ˵սսҪһģħǵļ԰
жףս쳣ÿ˶֮⣡սħΪྡ
ֽΪҽս
ַϳǳׯأε¹غشַѹҲǳ
ħ֮ǵһսĿƼսѾͶ۹ϵÿҶɳǿľӣվͬһλսǸ۹Ľ
λ׻Ƶ۹׻Ƶ۹Ϊεһս˾
λ۹Ŀ˹

ַ罫ÿҵĴܸʶսһ顣
жȫ飬ͨȫ֪飬ʥҲûдͨ˲
ǣַͨ˲˵ϸսʥַͬݼһ仰֮£ʥֻܲɣ
Ůͬ⣬ʥҲͬô
ͨ˲սַ֪Щͨ˶ַҪȫĵ۹߲㶼֪½ҪǺһ𱣻԰
Ȼֻи۹Ժ;ϲ֪ͨտ϶֪֪ͨԴңɿƵĴң
ַ¹ȥ֮ɹٷ¹ȥ֪֪ͨһ𱣻԰
취ͨߵĹϵһ㣬ҲͨĽȣͨٵĽߵĴڡ
ַָϳˣһǸ۹װ۹ɱħǾ͸ǵĵڶҲʥصʥλʥʮλһʮλڣٶʮλʮ֮һġǶ󡯷ӡħ֮ʱħͶԸħĴˣǸ챱ùɱ󷨵ħҼסйħһҪȫһ˿ȥһУʱŮˡʥˡߡӵ߾Ů˼ࡢʥʥŮľźˮᡢħô½̹ź˺бһ챱֮жԸħ
ι˵ôˣţǰŭַ硣
ǰʦܣ̫˼ˣءһߵҲҡ
ˮͣĵǣ磬̫û˼ˣȻѺһ𳤴ģ˧Ķţˣߣ㣬ţҵˡ
ֱַȻоκˣעŶţ
ţɪĵôˣӣ㲻ҪΪֻҵŮţҶţһҲУ
ַĨһѺˮѾͷŹ֣ǳţͨɵɵ㶵ģ񾭴һ֣ôһ𣿣
æţקһߣȻǱϹңζԸħҺݼʥӵʱطԸħǸ岻֣Χֹħйͺã
ţܾУǴħͣҲɣҲӵߣΪʲôԣΪʲôҲԣҲҪȥ
ַһ±һרעףε鲻ͬսȫһԸħħȫʢʱڣݼʥҺӵһҲɱǾҪͨ˵ħ챱ǣħҲʤδ֪ħ֮ǿ󲻿󣡣ô
ţһһ㶵ģɣȫĶսһϣɱһˣʤδ֪
ַͷͨҲɱħͽˣչԸħЧˣħ嵽˼½һħһеͨ˳ħͨħͻΪɱ˲գ۵ħͷʱ룡
ַصڶţļһѣʦ֣ţͽˣ


289 Ʒӡ
¡¡
ϣϿһҵ𶯣֮һıը̼ÿһ˵񾭡
֪ħҪ忪ӡ
֮ϣսѾ׼ÿս֮϶װȽɱǳĺ˵
ִеսһһ֮ھܴݻһңܶʿӵ񣬶֪˴εĵʲôϲֻ˵γ֣Ҫȥ
սϣĻʾűըĵص㣬ÿ˶񾭣ȴŵ˵ĳ֡
Ͽ֮ڣħӡҵĶһ˿˿ħӷӡѷֱʣʱƹħ죡
ɽ֮ϣʥĿɨ֮ʥǿߣһ󣡡
ʥռ䡣
ʥϽ֮λʮλķҡеĻɫ죬ʮλϱǿŸӵӡΧһʮλڴϢ
ٶʮλ󷨱Ե͸λרһ£ȴʥ
ʥ𣬡Ƕ
ǿߵͬʱϱããɫ˲˷ǵҹգǹҫ֮Ѿǡ
ַ硢ݼС֮һԳƵܿռʥ͡
ʥ˫Ŀ䣬֮ħӡ֮֮ɫǳħӡѾȫħϾҪһսϾҪʼ
ʥĻ䣬һ𵴣ħӡ֮ħ죬һɫӡƬһ֮ߵɫ˴ӷӡ֮˳
ڳˣڳˡ
ҪҪ𣡡
Ҫ࣬Ҫռ䣬Ҫ磡
ɫ˫ĿһƬ죬ȫε޵ħħ֮ħ
Ŀ֣ȫ
ָӲ´˽
⵽ʲô
ԵΣôôľˣ
ѵǴ˵еԶžˣ

ÿսԱͬʱĿ֮꣬ߵǿˣÿкȻ
սͬʱ˽ɱĵһħĵطȥ
¡¡
һϰ֮ߵħһ󶴣ŵڶ
ĵħλñը
·ĩһ㣬ħӡ֮ըԲǧľ޿ӣ
ħɢһлָƽ
սĻʾĿѴݻ١
սԱһеһʤϲãѾɣ
ĿѾɣָʾ
ʮҵĽ˾㱨
ѾӵʥϢɫ΢΢һ䣬´Ŀ겢ûԭشȫѰĿ꣡Ŀݻ٣
Ŀѷ֣Ŀĵӷ

սԱͬһʱѰ˵ѶϢһ룬һ֮ߵɫ۲ɼٶȷ߿գһȭսȺȥ
һȭŴݻԵɫֱӽټսһ١
һըͻ֮УħӴ֮еս˹ȥ
ȫĿ꣡
Ŀٶȳޣ޷
Ŀ˺Ϊٷ֮

ַ硢ݼʥʶɨԶսֳͬʱȻ
ħٶȺЩͨ˵սԶԸģ״Ҳ޷ħÿĹħ֮ϣû壬ħ˺пޣЩħֻ֮һ˺޷ʵԵ˺
ʥ̾ϢħѾǿͨ˸޷ֹħĽŲһսʤʲ󡭡
˶ûп˶ĬʥĻ
һͨ˵Ƕħһ̽ȻôǿĿƼҶΪܶħһ˺á챱ħݼַӵɱħ
ڵε̽˶û˰ա
ħǿѾ˵
һ֮ħѾսݻ٣ĻħһȺһ
ÿ˶ߴϣжǹеҩϵͳԶ׷Ŀ꣬ÿ˵սһսЩ˵Ĺħ˵һ㡣
ͺŵĻˣħһ㣬һһŵĲȥ֮еĻ˱һͭ
ӵʱ䣬ħѾ
ԶԲһƬǿգħһЦǶ󡭡뵲סħĽŲûʸ񣡡

һ룬ħѾǶ
Ƕǿס󷨣󣬿϶ɱħЩˣֻܳΪħصĵʯ
֮ʥ׼۹
ħһ̣ǳһ㣬֮ħѹ˹ȥ
䣡
ħǳ֮ǧ֮Զħˣ
ħվֱһǳ֮ɣò˵ϹʮǱѰȫǣħٶȺǿ֮ȫħѹģħû˿֮
ħǿʮΣħˣɫѪҺ
ôôˣ
ʣµѾԹֻά󷨵תͶħǣƣ
ǳ֮ܽħٴΣˣǣļˣûôǿʵ
˿̵ħ֮һˡ

һص֮£ħ֮ߵ˲Сĸһ
ʥʱ󷨵ѾħҲ˽ӽһҸ㲻ħΪβͷħ
ʥĻû˵ֻ꣬Ƕħ죬ֻһ˲䣬Բ֮ڱħʴ
ǶΪԶʮ֮һʥΪ˶Ըħ֮ǰͶʥȫϰ󷨣ʥԽħӡ֮أƬ׷Բıȫڴˣҳȡʯ˵ؾۼ֮أ
֮ؼʥеǿĿǶһʼ֮޾ǿһ㣬޾ǳ֮ͻ֮У񾳽Ҳ޷ǿ֮ÿһһͨҷ
Ƕ֮һ˾Ҳ޷һ˲󣬲󲻵ҪǿߣҪת󷨣һתеĲ֮˶һеǳռ䣬ÿһ˶ָһǳ֮ˡ
󷨣ֻһְ취ƻۣɱߣ취ǳѣΪ֮еÿ˶һеĿռ䣬޼Ѱ
ڶְ취ǿǿг忪󷨣˵ǿԶԿ֮еǳ֮ԣħõǵڶְ취
ȻħǶ֮УҪͷŵħħ忪󷨣ֻҪħӰ쵽˵ǣ˳ħ󷨲ƣ
Ů񣬿춯֣
ݼڵһʱ󷨸Ƕȥѹħʴļǿߣһ˲еľһκħ޷֣
ߣŮ񣬸ħ
ݼĳ֣ȴ¶Ĳ֮ء
ħĳһץŮоԼ岻ܿƣһǿ˳ȥ
˴󾪣ʥַӵߵҺȳȥַ磬㿴סۣǧҪ󷨱
ʥ͸С˳Ůɳķ׷˹ȥ
ۡ
ݼһѪصˤ˵ϡ
ħǧ֮ݼЦŮֻŮһ˿ѹħħ𣿡
˿̣ǶΧѾʼССѷ죬֮ħ޿ײ룬ЩϸСѷ˹ȥ
˿̣֮ĴҲѸжйħ
ħй󷨵ѷԽԽ֮æң֮ٿƲסЩħ󷨳ᱻƿ
˿̣ţչɷǿֻҪչ֮йħ׷ɢ
ڣַ翴ٵļ٣Ȼ֮أ쳣Ӵ󣬵ҲŲ˶á
ħѹƣֻѹסɣʣάְСʱڰСʱɱħ˶Ҫ

ħĿⶢʥϵ㣬һٶǰħӡȡѹӡ֮һҪлл㣬ȡҸ޷Ʒӡ߰ɣҿԲɱ㡭
ʥЩΣǵסԼһ˽Ҳᷢ¡
ʥҽҪΪǰҵһ߳ϼ
Ȼħһͳȫ㣡
ħʱĿ˸СĿ֮Щȣף˭
磬ֻǸıòѵ㲻ʶô
С˵ţȫɢһħǳϤ
Ͼţ㡭ħһ󼤶
ħǰȥǿСڵطӪȴֹס˽Ų
ϾţҲԸҵô
Сޱĵ磬ֻһ·ߣǽħħ֣һħִԲֻ·һ
ħЩϾţǾֵ֮䣬ϵãھŸֵ֮пֻҺ㻹ţ㾹Ȼ˵ֻҳһħֱЦ߸ֵǱ˭ģΪαӡڴˣħϾţֻҪҵħֻ֣Ҫħ֣ҾͿԳΪһħ
СЦ磬ֻдħѪſħħ֣ΪһħǲУǿֻʳ
ЦŵܣͬΪħڱľħѪħħѾȫڵѾӽʮɼħ֣ҾħҪҪռ;˼
磬ǰҵ磬ҵͲģԶᱳԼˣѾħѾȫħĸıԣһħ
ħһЦҲħûôƷӡϾţҪҵĵˣͱָ飡
СһҲ綯֣Ѿħȴܲȥ磡
ת񹦣
Сһ
·سʼ֮£ضΪ֮
ϣƣ
ǿĹ˸СǸСȫһ
ŵܣúݣȻþжԸң
ħҲҴ⣬ȫɢһɫĹâ˫ֿż临ӵӡС֮˹ȥ
䣡
СħɣС˻ԣʧȥսħը˼ǧԶֻǻըѪڿٵš
ʱʥݼӵͷһ֣ǵصħķѹ˹ȥ
ħĨȥеѪһʥݼ˹ȥ

һڣһǿĲɵƿʥֱһȭʥؿڡ


290 սħ
ʥһغߵķһǧ֮⣬Ȼأҳһʮ׵ľ޿ӡ
ħԸʥͬʱݼĹѾ
ⰵɱ
ħһŭһֺڰ͹ϵΪ˷չȥֱӽݼڡ
ŭʹӵ
ַһô£


ħŴÿ˶ˡħһ㣬Ȼ˵㣡ûеھħǺܴ󣬲ӵеڽ
ַʵСħھŷôǸСʲô
ղʹôת񹦣ħ֮û߾磬һУҽ֮Դ
ħлûһѹⰵ޽ݺݵĺݼײһ
ݼҷɣٴοѪǧ֮⡣
ʱӾ޿֮ʥݼͣħȥ
齻ַ֣ʱҲǵٶȣַֻݼʥһδεĴɡ
ÿοݼˣַ֣Ƕ赲
ڳȥֻݼʥ˽ħ֮ӵ߲ſԳʱٻŮſһٽɱڳȥûһã
ַŭѾŲˣ
֪ЩĵǻһС
ʲôУ
ԱԱԿħ
סڣҲݼ
ʥͼƻˣݼˣ֮ˣʱ䲻ݼʥΪ飬ħҲһʱɱԣ˱Ա
ҾԲݼ£
ݼѾַǰһΣַԲµڶηݼַһԭԼ
ҪַҲһҪݼǰ棡
ħʥݼ˴ӣʥѾƾһȥ֧ţݼҲ˴Σʱпܱħɱ
ɱңǶǣңˣʵҲûдɱҪȻһѾҪǵ
ħ˫⣬ҪħҾŵܳħΪҵĲ£һ磡һռ䣬þħ
ڴҲףħΪβɱСԭֵܳħ
ݼЦôûˣҲóѣ
ʥҲЦҪͬھ
Աħ֪Ѿûᣡ
ħһɹɫ˰֮ݼʥ壬ݼʥͬʱһ˷ѾԷȫƣ
ħɣ
޾ħɽһݼʥķӿȥ
ؼʱַ̣˳Ӱһݼʥǰ
ɣ
ǵصħգ
ֻת֮Ĺݼʥħա
ַתͷݼʥǺСȥɣסۣҵš
ݼ˵ʲôǿַȻʲôû˵
ַѾʥҲû˵ʲôֻʱˣյսħ
ħַ磬зǳ𾪣ħֵħôᱻǰɣ
˭
ַΣҾһħ
㡭ħȻ㣿һħΪ
ħЦû뵽һħΪôͣ鶼һССʷô
Ϊɱ㣬㹻ˣ
ôħַˣе֮ʱϵЦȻֹ֮Щ԰ףԸңѵ˶򣿡
һ̣ħʶĿӵߵɨִ֮ЦʣʥûľɹѵǸô
˵ɱ㹻ˣ
򣡡
ַΪԲǧ֮⸲Ƕȥڴͬʱ˼ϵķٽâʢֶɳַĽ򣬷ٺͽĽΪһ
ľӣľе˳ַ֮ڡ
ˮ򣬻򣡡
ˮϵķӡָ콣Ŀ츫ͬʱֶַϣ
ľˮµתΧַΧַľʣַʱоԼӵеȫԵסһ
ַǰתţķӡһĽ⿪
кһ
֮ɢһ͵лΪͬʱ϶ΪһΪһ翵Ӱӡ
һֻʱ䡣ʱڣʥӲĴ߷ǳֹ֮ħƻ
Ƕֻάʮӣʮɱħ󷨲ƣʱû󷨵ǣƣħᱶ
ħ翵ӰӣɪɪܣܣһħôоǼٵģ
ַ絭ЦǼٲҪΪҪˣ
ڱӡľŮں϶ΪһŮٴγַ
ӡ
ĸס
Ůٴοַ磬ǳĸ׶ԶӵĹػ˼ŮĿĶħ
Ҫ췴ô
žŮϵ־ħϵľ֮ɫһɨ⣬ĵŮΪ㻹ǵǸۣ֮أΪƾɱô
ŮͷǰҿħϴȥָԣԾ۰ǸһҶԭ㣬
סڣ
ħһŭ𣬡۰ңǾŸֻħĴֶѣʲôʱܹǵˣǾͻ죬ԭļ临ƽµ壡ֻǷǲǱ۰ңЦŮҪˣ


ŮǵҲֻ⣡ǾҵĺһûԸ⿴ԼĺΪʲôţ͵͵ħĹħɱ㣬õħֵѹħֵϴħħָԣ㾹Ȼħֵ͵͵ھħħںͻɱ㣬Ϊλס
סҵΪ˼ңǵĹߣħҷӡ֮ʱô˵ģ˵ұסҵȴһħĳ֣ҸһħΪ;Ů㱨𣡺ǺǡⲻôħĹҲͰˣҪҼһħĹߣǺǡôЦ
ڷӡ֮ǧ֪꣬ôȹô֪ħħϴħǶôʹ࣡ʹ֮꣡УħֵħҵΪսʱ޿̵ڴ򶷣һ죬ˣҲڷħȫǳǿǿ󵽿ħֵ
Ůŭħ֣ͱˣ
ħŭȣ˵ұѣǱ½ĹǿΪħңҷǱô̹Ůһ崴࣬磬ô񼸺̹һŮһϾɱ඼ͽô֮Ůͽʸ˵ô
Ůȣ㲻ҪŤʵħսʲô£ұκ˶һжϵۡۺʮıֻǵӶѣеĴϵۡۺʮĴκûйϵ
˵һ㶼ûħЦȻҲϵۡۺʮĴôʲôγҪϵۡۺʮȻʹ޵ľǷǲ࣡ɺ޵ģֻäĿּ⣬ǴģҲҪʮЩצūȫħռһ徲
Ů˳ħֻɱ¾ϣֻΪһƬ˼
ħĵħʲôãħ֮û˻˵ѣû˻ʹᣬֻõɱ¾ô򵥣ǿΪʱͳһħ磡Ҳħ
Բѣ
Ůڳ֣ޱӴֱӽħǣһռ֮ڰ޾ʱշ籩˿óŮһ뽫ħʱѷ죡
ַź;ŮĹĹѾַⷶΧ
ŮĹֻʮ׷Χڣֻǽħ˷е·ʮ֮γһޱȾ޴磬֮ȫʱշ籩
ħʱշ籩֮ʹÿλ޾˺ţƺҪ島Ƭ
ҪˣҲɱ㣬Ըһλᣬȥʱѷ죬һܴϵħͻʧǸҰҺ޵
ŮҴʱѷ죬ΪǱô
ħһ䣬ֻȫһʵʻɫڼ֮ڽߵʱշ籩ɵһɶ
Ůһ㶣û뵽ħô
Ů㳢ħ
ħгһɫ⽣⽣ξȻ;ħһģһ


ŭȻڳˣôţ
ӣĽһã
ŮĻ䣬ַеľħֶص˵һϣ
ħħ֮ɫââʮ׵ĽâŮ
Ůϵľħʮ׳ɫâħӭȥ
˵ٶȶ죬ȥҲǺǿַһִ˵ĹֻһԪڸִһ㣬ٶȣһĹַָоһֲͬĸоҲֲͬ
˿̣鲻ڣСٻľȫϣҲȫǿһ㿴ֻǱ棬
ַ粻ַҲ֪ĿǰԼΪͲܶ
ַ翴˵ײ֮ʱûзҵıըһһѾħԷĹ룬ѽĽкݺݵһ

һǶΪ֮
˸оһ𵴣ֳַӵ߶һѪ
ŮӰģħĶͷĺˮ
Ѿħճһ𣬶Էȫ˭ҲҳȥܶһͻйԷͻлɳˣԷأ
˻˻
˵ΧĿռ俪ʼŤһʱѷ˺˿
ŮѾľҵǿʼѣ㷽뽫Ҵʱѷ죬ôҲȥʱѷһ
Ůֻһ۵ֻܷӳԭ֮һĴʹãõӰҲģ
ŮЦħҶģǾħһˣΪþħ˵ôǿЦСţж


291 ֵܾ
ԣŮеħһ
ɣ
ھŮ֮£ӲĽħеɫħɣ


ħڵ֣һ˷ܣǺܿ췢ֵڵѾȫħǰĽڸ޷ںϣ
Сţ£
Ůһħȥȣȥʱѷɣ
ħ֮ħϴӣٺǰĽںϣֻ˲ʱͱŮ󱬷޾ߵħȥ
ħַУǰھŮбǧ
ħеɫħɣе˲ʧֻӲħĹ
кΪûô

޾ħɫεħ
䣡
ŮӰǧ֮⣬žŮɢӰ𽥵ģʧ
ħ·ɵַС
ӣء
ŮĿַһۣѣ֮С
ŮѾþħʱѷ˺ţַ˿ʱѷһ飡
ַǬħ䣡ħûбʱѷ죬ַҪڵһʱ֣
ߣｻң
ӵԼݼ˻ֲ͡εս˸岻ʲô֡
ڤħַٶѾﵽ˼¡
ľˮַǰַһںʹǬħ䣡
Ů뽫ʱѷ죬붼룡

ħĻ䣬һɫӰʱշ籩֮г˳漴еķ籩ʧӰ٣ûгֹ
ھŮĹ£ħҲܣ˿ģѾ˲ˡ
һħҸܵڵһħֺ͵ڶħֵϢȻңҾЦˣʱħʶΪҵķ
ַ絭Ŀǧ֮ħûˣ
Ǭħ䣡
ַӶڤħħĵһʱ䣬ںϵֱ˹ȥ
˲䣬ûַںϱըǻһתİͼԵʼԭʼ
ʹһֿʹһл
Ժ赲ûħڣƾħô赲ƾ޵еķҲס
ħͻȻɫֳ޵ľ֮ɫֵŭ𣬡ʲô
һ̣ħһ֮彥ͣǿڱը潥ĹѣȻը
ַȻʲô
ԵһȻữΪСҲû뵽ԳУлΪ
ħôô
ûǬħȻǿ󣬵Ϊ̫ͣɱǾ
ħը֮һɫħŨ֮һѪɫϢѸӣ
ܿ죬֮ڵħһ󶯵һɫӰԶۣ
󾪣ãǸղɱħȫġԡѾȫħ
ħĸоã㽫ȫѣлл㣬
һޱɭַĶڣַëȻ
ħȫεһõɫƻ棬ϵϢǰҪǿ󼸱
ħ΢Цſַ磬ǳĺƣ֮ûκθ飡
ҲɱģΪħΪħ߾Ϊɱ¾ÿħԹ㷽ŰңҾԲɱ㡣ڵħҵˣ֮󣬾͸Ұɣͳһ֮һ֮£֮ϣ
Ǭħ䣡
ַٴںԵĹٴħȥ
ħһЦУǹɱħΪľ˵ô
ħĻ䣬ֳǬħݺݵһץ
İԱһεɫεץħȭͷһգԱ㣬֮ʧ
ַ𾪲ѣԼǿľоôƣһץ飿ͺһƬһ㣬һˤ顣
ַʹǬħ䣬оѾգֻʣһľάԼԼԡ
εǬħ䲻ֻںϣںϣַӵľҲܲס
ַЩļ飬ʲô취
ûа취ˣ˵һħֺ͵ڶħ֣ôֻˡ
ַŭ飬ʲô˼
εĵҵʹǸħռħ֮ħֺһħһħͻѣʱҲ赲סħͻ帴
ַͻȻоʲôԣ飬㵽˵ʲôˣͳһ磬˳ħ
ЩˣǣûˣֻѡұѡҵʹħĳħҲֹˡ
ַʶһμ䡣
һɫߴӰַģ߷ƣһۣžħ󵭵СţװѣҺŮȻûһжϵۺ۵ıСţõģǳᱨҽɾŽڣǧ֮һжˣеѾźáһ죬»صҵУһݺ磡
ַָһЩϢħƻеϢַͻȻףԼֻħƻ֮еһӶѣԼĴڣֻΪ˸ħ
ַʶŭ𣬡飬ңҵĴǲħ;ŮļƻҵĴֻΪǵĿģֻǽҵħֻһõĿܣռħħ֣ħħֺһħҵ壬ĨɱҸԲԣ
Բַ磬Ҳ࣬ҪˣҲڹҲ롭
סڣ飬һֱ㵱ˣ㵱׵ֵܣ㵱㵱ʵĻ飬ȻˣҴûа㵱ҵ˻ҵ£Ұ㡭Ұ㵱ҵˣ
ȴһֱң
ַۿ֮ˮӿ֪𣬽飬һֱţҵΪΪ֮󣬵Լ֮ʱҵһ¾Ϊ㴴һ壬ΪһˣΪҵֵܣΪҵˣȻʲôʹҺһɡ
ʶַţ˿ĸֱַܵ־ѾԵ
󾪣ַ磬Ҫ
СٻҲ󾪣ַ磬СŲ˼СˣСЩ㣬ҲҪ˺㣬СҲпԣȷħŮĶӣǲ˺㡭
ַ˫Ŀ죬ϵʼ궯һɿ񱩺ͷϢַϱȫһǰδеĸ߶ȣ
ַĿ˳֮ɫɱеϢĽϡ
ħĿַ磬һЦ˼һûжأѾħˣҺͬһ·ˣ㽫ںϣ
ħüһɴɫַбһ𽥽ںϡ
飬ҵĴڣħǧǰͰźõļƻֻǼƻеһֶѣҸħʲôħĶӣǾŮĶӣȫǹҵѪֻħ;ŮǵľѪѣĸħ½ˣֻҶѣʧܣˣôǾͻõڶӡħԸħʧˣǻһˣߣиСħھŷǵӣ˵ĶԲԣ
ԣ
ûʲôַ˽ĻֻҪϾͺãҰ㵱ֵܣˣһֱҵĹߣûʲôɽ͵ģ
ַ磬㲻Ҫô嶯ڼ϶ᡭСٻæ͡
Сٻ㲻˵Һͽ֮£
飬ڿʼҺԼϵҺħҲûκιϵһħֺ͵ڶħֵҲҪҲκ˵ӣҪԼԼУ
ַеѾںϣеһɫַüġ
ַһɫİԣ֮гɫֻǰԵ֮һǺɫȪۣһʵȪۡ
˿ַü֮һһɫİԣûַüġ
ַоԼȫޣָоԼޱȵǿִַһܣ۲쵤֮ڿտҲе
ַһֱǺͽʶԻ˿ַ̣ŭһ飬ħһ꣬ڶҹ
ַ߶ڵֱӽķħֵķ˹ȥ
ַ磬Ҫ
һַüһ⣡
ħһħֺ͵ڶħ֣Ǿħǰڣ
ħ߷һصɣ˾ħ֮У
ַ罫ħһԶȥ
ַ糹׺;ħϾϵ
ֵܷĿѣ
ħһ߿ȥ챱һֱ޵Ŀռȥ
ħֹڶԿħһħֺ͵ڶħ֣Ͼ˼ħ
ַ磬Ҳһֱ㵱ֵܣ㵱׵ˣһ׵ģһġ
ħһλ֮ʧӰ١
ħҧŭ𣬡ӵĿ죬һһҵ㣡
ַĿޱĿħһħֺ͵ڶħְɣΪ㻤
ŶǺá
˿̣ħѾȫַħ

ҪȥҲ뿴ַſҡݼַħһ̣ȥǱС
Сħ֮ˣҪΰɱ˾ԼİˣȥַԻɱ㣡Ҫȥ
Ҳɱңɱңҳȥ
ݼӸС֮ѳַǰ
硭
ݼ͵ĵַ
ַ翴ݼһֱۣһݼؿȥݼһߵķһ䵽׿⡣
ַ˹ȥҪɱ֣ʱħҪɱ˶Ҫɱڹ𣬵˵һħֺ͵ڶħ֮󣬵ҹָȫħ飬Сţټӵߣ֧ǳǿǵ˳ħǻ𣡡
ַûпޱվԭء
ݼٴλصַĶߣ磬Ѻô
磬ѵ㲻ݼô
磬˵Ҫչݼһӣ˵ҪԶһ𡭡
磬Ҳħ̫ǣң̫İ
ݼ滨¶ᣬޱ飬޸ַ磬һĺʹʹ
ַѾħݼԸʵԸַһȥǵİȥҲԸ⿴һ˲пʵ
磬ȻѾħһᣬݼħֻҪһֻҪÿܿ㣬ͺá


292 վս
ʱʥͷǺһ챱ѾŲסˣ
СԤʲôͷĺ䣬еھҵĲڷСһ㡣
СҧԼʳָ߷һξѪ֮ϡ
˿
һ֮󣬾Ѫƽľ֮ʾЩģĻ档
СĿ֮еĻ棬Ǵһ΢Сϸڡ

֮еĻȻʧ
СһѪ͵ϣ֮ϵĽ֮ϨчRһ˵ϡ
Сҡҡ׹ԵЦԭˣԭˣҺķ
˵꣬СһͷԵڵأ˹ȥ
ʥС˹ȥҲ׸СĻʲô˼ǿСιȥʹЦѾת
˿챱ѾҪԵħйħϯ½½˶ħ
֮⣬Ĵ˶Ѿ֧Ųס˱ħʴħţԥɱЩħˡ
Ѿ쵲סˣ󷨵ıԵѷԽԽÿ˶ȫԼȥסЩȱڣ
˶ģҪʲô
Ϊػػļ԰ûһǰ£Щǰ̵ĳȥÿ˵ۿʪˡ
ʥһѵľϢǿߣ˵Ҷ׼ãʥǧԱǵļ԰ΪΣǸʱ̣Ҳǵļ԰𣡡
˵꣬ʥԼ壬֮С
ʥ
ӵҪֹѾ
ţǿ߶Լ챱֮С
ӵ߿ʥΪػ˵ǧ飬Ψһˡ
ÿ˵жᡭ
֧ŲסĴͻȻȱ˲ϣеħ˴֮С
ЩŵȸԾֻǼ֮УȥĻ飬ۿ֮ˮ
ǿߣĸûмҵɱǸûɱǧˣˣЩ˶ѾϰߣǣЩ˵˵ЩĸһǴ˿̣Щ˶֪Լôˣһʹʹȥˣһĸо
ܿ죬ЩǿҲףǰĸսٲңѪȣΪԼ棬ΪΣ˶Ϊ磬ΪԼļ԰
ߵˣǵˣѣ˿̶վͳһսߣΪͬһĿָ꣡оǴûйġ
ܶǿͻȻʲôмڴ˿ͻƣ
Ƕȫֺϣ֮ڵٴۣеһǿĹ
ַ缱æħã챱Ҫڵһл𣡡
ħ£ħһħֺ͵ڶħѾϣڻָԼĹֹҵסҲµģ
ַ֮һ˿Ϊ˲Цǳ֮ӰεƮɢ֮˷ɢȥ
챱ͻȻһĶǿһ۶ɣǿѾʧеһ㡣
ַͻȻħȣȥɣ
ַʶһǳ۵ħλóȥ
ħȻ˾֮ɫ㡭ûгħ
ַûлشһŴݻһе忪ɫֱӳħڡ
Ϊʲôʲô
ħƴѹڵķֹ֣ƻڵеƣһ㶼ͷŲ
˿̣ħڵһ̷ˮһ㣬ڵһˮһ㣬ĳźˮħȴΪֹ
˿ַ̣ߵݼô£ȵ磬ԭûгħ
˵ţĨᣬһϲͼȥַ籧ĺýýͺͻȻʧȥһҪˣֻصԼߡ
ݼŶԲ𡭡
׵ģõǸҾ֪㲻ᶪһ˵ġ
ħʹĶַ𣬡ңʲôңΪʲôûгħ
ǳ֮챱ĻǿһΪ㵲ס𣿡
ħĵĵôǳ֮ܣܡǳ֮޾ǿ֮ǧܵһ˿һǳֻ֮Ϊȥ޾ǿգռˣ飬Ҳȫռȥǿգⲻܡ
ûʲôܣħ֪޾֮Ͽյڤħɣ֪˰ɣ
ʱħַĽɫʹ֮ʲôˣʮǸȻѹڤħ𣬽ǳ֮Ͽգ˳ȥ޾ǿգڤħ𣬻ǳ֮
ûˡ
ʱַ֮ʱַǳַ֣֮紫һϢа취һҵָʾȥ
ַŹװħ;ħϾϵҽħһħֺ͵ڶħ֣ħȫַħ
ַħǰϦںϣɫַ֮ڣȫǳ֮ΪַҲ޷ƣ
ԭ;ħѶǼٵģƳħһħֵڶħ֣͸ҶǼٵģ
ַ絭ĵûǼٵģֻǼϷѣΪѾħңû֪ƻ
ħЦѪɱô֮ڵĳͻħͻ忪챱ħ˳ħɱ𣿹
ַ֪Һ;ħѣ߱Ƴڵħһħֺ͵ڶħָ㣬ֻΪѣΪ֮챱ͻħͻϯ½ֻſԿƺħħֻſԿЩħҪȫЩħ㱾ͲԣҾһħֺ͵ڶħ֣ʱſԽħ𣡡
ħˣԷǽħ֣
ħ忪ʼŬ֧ţһ⣬ңΪʲôûгħΪʲôħûӰ쵽Ǻꣿ
ַ絭һЦΪħұħҪħѵ㲻֪ħħжħħѾ߾确ħͨ塯ħħħħӰ쵽һ飬Ӱ쵽ħ֮ħӵħ֮ħѪ˵һܵӰô
ħĵĵȥ
ɣ
ħȥѾħħ˳ַɡ
ħѾɫаӴַԿƵģַǳ֮ӲĽħֵѹ
ħڵħ֮ڵħ϶Ϊһһ챱ÿȥ
䣡
ƣû󷨵ѹƣħһ˲ϯϼ½ķӵȥ
֮ǿ˲ܵħʴħ
ݼæʹԼСҲסԼӵߡ
ַڵǳ֮ڿٵħֵַоǳ֮ҪħҪħΪַ
ɲǼ˺ڰĩһ㡭
ַзǳżвͣĬǳ֮ħֵ
ڣʮַ֮üһɫһ³ɢħ֮ڳħ֮˲ѣǰħ֮ʱ£־岻ѡ
Ĵ֮䣬Ȼַͳ֮ѾƽദǵЩ˳ħһ˲䣬ĳ޺Թħ˳
ħ
һ̻ǻǣһԷ
ħļڣǿߵһ롭
ħ֮࣬ħԻὫеħȫֻг޺ɱ¾

ɢȥʮ׷ħɢеħһɶ
ָһƬ
ɫʧֱֱַȥ
硭
ַ硭
ݼסַ磬Сӵ߶ΧԶţĴİҲ˹
ȫͨ˵սħʤ
ͨװȫʥȫĴ󶥼һٶʮˡ
һսʤϢ֮󴫲ÿһ䣡
ÿһȥˣٷ綼׷ᣬЩ˶Ǳ԰ӢۣΪ׳Լ
ŵˣպħսˣΪϵǵ֣Ŀ̽ÿһ˵
ʥزսǿȫ䣬ʥػŵ˶һЩΪ֮µˣЩıʹ֮С
ʥĿǰʵΪһɣûǿ߳ʥغܿͻ̲
ʥжĹͣΪ๱˶٣ʥǰжֻҪûˣʼʱΪʥĹϵû˸ҶʥأʱѾãͻ˳̲㣡
ݼ´ʥʥʥŮľһʥַʥصϯϣ
Ȿһп磡ݼʥЩʥ֮ĵȫͷ
ַһֱԣݼ˽ַ簲ʥأҶڱչˣţչַ硣
ַڵϢɢң֮һƬޣȫһ㡣ٶȪˮûκЧá
º󣬴ҵƶַָ绹û
ʱҸǣҪȥμħöеġħ
߼ʶַ֮ѾףԼʵ޷߾Ļ򣬳Լľ絽
ħûһģȴҪȥԡ
ˮҲǣ˳ŶţһǡţߣҪչַ磬ǶţҲַ֪ƷǳأԼҲ޼£˵ݼչˣԣţˮˡ
˼ҲҸǣʧ֮ؾõĽҪ׶ΣѾ£ǸߵʱˣСҲŽ˼ˡ
ȥִ֮֡ĴΪӭսħ˲أʼһ£СɶûʲôģһвֵɿʼĴޱȾ޴ĵ⣬֮ٲѹƣֻᱬս
ߵĵ죬ַˡ
ַ͸о֮ڷǳȫյģûС
Сٻʱ壬Ͳֻĵ֮һʧȥԼӦѡѾ꣬һȥˡеѾת֮Լܰɡ
ַʶԼַ꣬翴Լ֮Ȼһɫ̫ԣԭԵİɫ֮ۡǽľˮ֮ɫ֮ۡɰԵɫħ


293 ϵ۷
磬оô
ݼĹָ֮һֱĬĬַߣ֮ӵַգȻЧ΢ݼȴһֱôÿʱÿ̶ַ
ݼû£ֻڵ״ЩӦѡ
ݼЦţ磬Ѿˣûʲô£Ҳˣ㵤֮ڵתƵ֮ҴûмԷʵΪ㣬ηνø
ַ粻ʵ˻
ݼڵ֮УҲֻи߽ҲӵתƵ֮СǵŮôôֻҪһ˿֮ͼӦͿԸ
ÿת֮ҪͻƾתҪʼȫҲǵȫתƵ꣡ͽ񡯡ȻתѶȷǳֻһȥתƣҲҪϵʱ䡭
˵ˣΪ׶Σ塯ꡯ͡񡯣Ϊ֮£ǡ塯Ҳ壬徭ѨλȣڵΪʼҪꡯɱʮϵġޡȡӦԵġܡꡣռʥȫǡα𡯺͡αʥȫֻͨƾͻʥڸûлܵǵԾڡ塯Ľ׶Ρ
ͻתתƵ֮Ϊһ壬꣡תϵǺɱģɱûõģֻҪһߣ¸
磬еѾתƵ꣬˵ΪӦͻתϣΪȴֻΪҪһ㣬һ㶼ûнϣ֮ҲûзκγͻҲ㲻ĿǰǣʺľѾﵽתңȴΪңԺ֮·Ѿˡ塯ֻͨꡯ͡ΪĽ֮ڵϡ
ַƶǶַ֪Լڵ״ǳ֮ġ
ַԼ꣬һɫ̫ͼĴԼ֮ڣַо̫ͼ֮еǳǿǿԼɼԦôǿ֮ڣԼȴûһӰ졣
̫ͼġۡǽľˮۡɱɫʲôأ
Բǳ֮ħ
ǳ֮ѾħΪַ
磬ǲǸоڿյģܲոҵʱҲָоҲӦԺȫʶƣǵ͹ƣһ£ָоǳĺá
ַʶһ

ַоǸɫ̫ͼ֮еġ֮ۡеʶָڡ
޾Ϣһ˿˿ɱ¾Ϣɢַ棬ַоϢǺǿ󣬵Ǳǰʵࡣ
ǴַʩչҪκιֻҪ֧ɡ
ջַʶ
򣡡

ַֻʶһ֣ǰһʹҪо֮󽫽Եɵ߷ȫ֮ʹ
ָоǳãҲ˵ַԺʹκμܶ˲
ַĪļκ˲ôκζֶǷʤսֱ߱
̰ǹ£
ַǬץһѽֻǧ֮һʹ̰ǹ¡
ǰʹý֮ʱȫʶ壬ȻʹڣֻҪʶһͻԼɣ
ͺһ̨ܵĻһ㣬ֻҪһťͻԼ
Сٻʱַʶַ磬ݼ˵ûҲΪ֣ܶת֮µ񣬳Ϊֻʶʶ磬񾳽磬ǡꡯ׶Σֻͻʮתһ飬񣬲ŻὥӵԼ򣡵Ȼ֮ϵľ磬ΪףȻЩ֪Ҳûһô
ַףΪʲôôǿ֮սȫʶ֮սȫǲٿԼͶս
ַԭΪԼѾǿ󣬵СٻݼĻַ֪ԼҪߵ·кܳܳ
Ҫչء
ַʥܵؿʼӦԼݼһĬĬַ硣
˵Ǳչأ˵˵磬ַ籾ϲչأϲս֮ͻƺ򣬶ַ˵չؾֻ˷ʱ䣡
ַܾúݼһ𵥶ദӷǳ٣ڵϵ鶼ѾַҲúõݼȹһʱ䣬ַݼһȥħô½
ַֻʱ䣬ѾȫӦԼµκμܶ˲ǿľǬħҲ˲
ûб仯ɱϣ̫ͼڣЩӴɫַ޷޷ʹã
һ㣬ݼô£СٻҲס
죬ַݼʥأǣֲУȥ翴
ַЦݼСʱи룬Ǻİ˻磬ڿʵˡ
ݼŷһʵɡ
ڿзУһ·ϻЦϣַܾݼһ𣬷ǳģһзգû˿ѹֻ˵Ҹ硣
ǰ
磬ҸоͷЩʹ
ͷʹ
ַһһ壬ѵĽ״̬ͷʹֻһܣʲô⡣
ݼôˣ
ݼ˫ֱͷҸоһɺǿٻңҪһȥ
磬Ůһ˿⣬ֽš
ݼĻ䣬ͷһŤ޻ǰİƱһĿռѷ˽ȥ
һ֮ռѷ֮ϣſռѷĳ֣һҽ䣬ǧ֮ľ޴ɴ¶һǣһõĽӰڷɴ֮ϡ
Բռɴһ˲䣬֮ʱѷΧ籩Ļ˷ɴ
ռռĴڣ
ǣɴ֮ϵĽӰ˫黯һ£޾ʱѷΧĹӲѹȥڿռѷԵ
ַݼͣڿУһĻ̾ѡ
Ӱòε߽ľˮ֮
ַоԼȫ濪ҲȲǰȻɢ֮֮һ
˵˭ǿʲô̶ȣ
Ů񣬼ȻѾˣ͸ùλˣ߰ɡ
һ翵ַݼ
ݼ˵ӰһҡݼѾʧԭأһ̣ݼѾ˽ɫɴ֮ϡ
ַȴķ֣ԼеʶѾ
ӰҪɱַ磬һֻô򵥣
ϵݼҲ뷴ȴе
Ӱģתͣڿеַ磬עַ׵ġʹ֮ĵĸʹ
ַ練ʣ˭
סʶ
Ӱ΢ŭһƣɫ޴ʧʡ
ַһƣַоࡢϸķ飬ȻκƣѾһ࡭ַоһ𵴣˹ȥ
ɫɴʧѹƵĿռڱɫֱӸ߿µַ硣
һʱͨ򿪣һɷ籩ַ˽ȥ

ַٴʱԼһĴϡ
ַԺ֮гԼ֮ǰһĻ
ַ᲻ɴݵ屻һĳƬַ𺧲ѡ
˭
СٻʱַʶЩµĵ㲻֪ʱˣһͱ֣ҵĴڣ군
ַʵ˵˭
ϵ۵ķ
ϵۣ񣬴˵֮еĴڳˣַ־͸оһ㡣
ϵ۵ķһôǿ
ķֻǷͶӰҲǷ֮һķǵռġ
һ֮һôǿַ粻ȥ
ݼץˣַǳκͱÿ˵Ҫúñݼÿζû
Ҫ
ݼҷģһϵǸ˵ַ簵ġ
ַ磬ݼû£ϵ۷ץݼֻõ֮ѡ֮ҲֻŮſ֮ӷѿͽԣǲᶯݼ
ַżԼ״Լ֮ǰСٻѾȪˮΪַָ壬ҪָʣҪȪ¡
ϵ۷ͶӰһƣȫַ𣬵ؼʱַ̣֮ħ֣Ӳĵסϵ۷Ĺַһ
ַҲ֪ħԼ֮ʲôãԦˣϲȥҲԼûʲôΣ
ַ㲻СٻҲ㲻
ȻΣϵ۷ͶӰ֮ʱȫϵѹסռĹ򣬶ϵ۷ߺСٻ뽫ַǬǿռֿռԪزȶ£ټַˣСٻҲҽַǬֻ˳ͨħô½ͨħô½
ַԣСٻȴһֱѵġ
СٻħöǽһСɣСǰŮСµġ

С㣬ˡ
ʱһŮͰģСŮַͨС㡣
һᣬһСɰŮַԱߣһģʮˡ
ŮЩ˷ܵĶ˵ϰ֣ô˰ɣ˵ģҪȥ桭
ĿǳֵĶַ磬СӣǸˣ
Ұһɡ
ַ˵ţ׼´һҿϵıӣȴԼȫ㡭

СŮŮ͸һУ˳ȥ
ַǸɶ壬Ҳǹġҡ
ַ񾭴ˣô᷸ôصС󡭡
û뵽һ㶼ûйַ磬Цû£Ƕ֮ˣû·˶ˣûʲôСֵġ
ַȻǣŮ
û£ѾͷǱû·ŵǱǶŵˡ
ַֱñӸĳλһ̾ϰ֣
СӣҲǱˣɵġûг·ĻԺɡ
ַƣĵһʲôˣ֣㲻ǵĵô
ǺǣһͨˣΪûУʲôõĵģøл㣬ұŮҴģҲ㡣ûʲôµĻͿʼɻɡ
˵꣬ˡ
ַȻԼȻֱˣ˼ҸûаԼֻһп޵СûаΪ
ַԼȫתƵ꣬յģһǿԼκΪ


294 ϻ
ﲻֻǽٰɵһСǳѣƽʱһЩСάְɵת
ַӵڶɵļҶ
ַһ֮ģǱˣôʵȥַ׼ϻºԼȫָ֮뿪
ҶһЩͨˣ쾳µߡ
ַĹǳ򵥣ÿ԰ˮ棬޼Ȼɨ
ַ緢ħöеĽ඼ǹŵȻͨ߻ִǽͨõǺȾľʯ
ܲǹլԺԺַ磬ʮ˹۸ַģǺΪͨˣַܽĹŸַ硣
ַҲû˵ʲôЩַ̫ˡ
Ļ԰ַŲӣַԺһζηļ䡭
Сʱĸһһ԰ҵ˹ַ춼ĸһӣΪĸ׳ݡ
ǸʱַҲֻ棬߰ĸһС£ûȥעĸ׵һЩϸڡ
ĸ׵ΪǮףΪҪһЩĹΪ˶ħ½׷ɱҲΪҺڶȥһЩġĹ
Сٻʱĸ׳ת񹦣Ҫţ׷Ȼ֮Ȼ֮׷һ˳Ȼ׷Ȼͨ˵Ȼ֮ͱͨ˵ᣡǡһ͸߸ϵˣԶ޷ᵽ˼伲࣬Զ޷Ȼ֮ʮ꣬ճɹˣʦת񹦡
ȫǾ֮ϵĸ򣬶֮ϵĸַ磬ڵľǳߣʶѾͨ˷ǳߵľ磬ٳһǳ٣ٵĿҴûмҲ֪Ϊʶﵽһµʱ򣬻᲻ӰԺľΪҾãԼһЩһһȥõġ
ַף翵ĶԸ޷ġһٸڿͬһжԾɫûȫͬģÿ˵ĸͬ
ַһͨļҶһ㣬˲ӣŻ԰ڵӲݡ
ַĶǳȻСɵĹţ˿ַ̣е˼ڳ֮ϣκ鶼ûȥ롣
ַܿһľ磬ԼռΪһ壬Լʹλãַ·ܵ˻ݵĺܵ˴صЦݡ
־ֻһ˲ַٴץס־磬ôҲ򲻳
İһŮӻ԰˵Ŀͬʱַ磬ַģȴһһץס
һͫһ£ŮҪߡ
ѽֻѣʲôֻûбļҶ۸
С㣬Ǻáַվ΢ЦĿűһͱ
ַ΢Цǳһʵ
һЩƣѵҸоˣҷоСӺΧĻΪһ壬ѵֻۻˣ
϶ۻˣСһΪûУɵģô־ǿߣ
һðɣİɡ
ץַַ֣һ䣬ַ磬㻰ҪʵĻش𡣡
ַͷ
ļҶû۸㣿
ַûС
ûУ
ûС
ûоͺãҽȥô
С㣬һҪء
û£һᰲȥ
ŶС㣬ңһûüлء
лͷֻǺϰִĶѣҲûдľ㡣
СΪʲôҪҳȥأ
ΪǸͨˣߣɵģҲûʲô˼ҪǲңҲϰ֣ˣֻҰķУˣ϶ᷳġ
ַԭԼȥ棬ԭ򡭡
Ҵ··㻻ϡ
С䣬࣬һ¡
ַ绻һʰĸɸɾһƫƫӡ
ַ籾ľͲڴͬʱַǧ񹦽ò΢һ£ͱһӡ
ַٴγڱǰʱ۾ɴˣ´ַ磬ַô
ַǳǳһЦҲַ绹˭
ַЦݷǳˣɵĿַ磬û뵽һ¾Ȼô˧ãԺǱС˽Ʒˣ쿪ʼøɻˡ
Ůӹ֣޷Ǿǹ֣Դ͡
ַŴСַڱԱߣȴݼ˿ߵŮݼǸöá
һֱ䵽ϣǳģΪַһɵͷɵԵͨˣںַӴ֮󣬷ַ粻˧ÿ֮϶Լļ⡣ÿεĶԻַ綼һݺͱ˵ͺǺһһûκѹñǳ
ȻֻǹַÿƷķǳĵλ٩٩̸·Σַ翴еģҲǱϲģ룬һǲܿҵ˼
һֱ䵽ϣֵƻͨ׼ȥĿƳһưɣͻȻַ磬ȾƲ
ã顭
ַıưɺ˵Ӱʾ˼ҵĻϡ
ϴ˾Ȼǵĵ̣ǸŮŮҪҪ
¸¾Ҫʽ˺Ƥ˾ˣ

谵ҵĵƹ£˷Ť壬񱩵ּϴ̼ľƾЩʧҡ
ʧһֺ£ֻΪ˷йѡ
Ϊַ֮̽£ưȫߣǻûһĺ
һû˵Ŀλ˵һЩˮ
ַߵһܿģ
ţҲǡ
ַǳСڿ񱩵¼ֱϸӬǱȴ
һ㶣ûʲôɱ
˼֮󣬱ִǵжĵ̣׼һܣȻǿ
ַ絭ĵǰô
ǣȻǵжϰǰǲҰô
ʱԱλϵ˶Ҵҵˣ֮ʮ˹ַͱΧм䡣
վС㻹ûأǾŶӳˣǹ԰
ַ̽⣬ΪֻЩ˶ʮһʡ
˵ţһץһƿԼһͷ˹ȥ
Ȼ㲻ֱӱ˹ȥ
ȥ֮Ѿ
˶һ˵
Ȼ֪Ե˶Ǹ֣ǰÿһЩΪˣǱʼΪԼŮЩ˲ҰԼô
Ҳֻһֹžƿˣ־ԿԶȥ㲻ȥһˣһ¾ô
Ȼû֪һжַĹ
Ϊ׵ʵɱˣ
һŮǸҶң
ٺ١ΪŮǲɱ㣡ܿͻᱻǺӥ̲
λ𳤽ɱ˹ȥַߣҲַɱ˹
ҡ
ַವһ˱󣬶ɱĸˣֻһɨ˹ȥĸ촦
ʲôʱô
ûʱ룬Ϊַɱ˹

Ȼһм򵥵ʽϡ
ʣµļҲɱ
һϣɱˣ
ʱѾֹͣˣԶλϺȾƵ˶Χ
һɱһ㣬ǳ˻Ǳһн
ʮ󣬵ϰپʬ壡Щʬûһģ
һʱ䣬ռ죡
µȫɱ⣡ʣµλɫǳѿŵĿű
ȵл𾪣һеô£ôô
ֻǳѣôôˡ
ֲѵıԱߵַ磬ֻ˿̵ַңһԸŻֹ
һλҧгݵĿűû뵽СΪȻ˸ʮɱһٶˣ죬ҪʬΣ
ʵϢͬʱűоԼûˣʵһССԿģ
ͬʱ֣˲ţ˺ɱ
ַ确ŵġڵϣűȣ㣬Һú£ҪңҪҡ
ַ磬½Ҫˡ漣ٴγ֣һʾͿɱԼ˵ͬʱֵˡ
ַȴڴ󺰣ŵ죡
˵Ĺյͱһص˻ȥʴ󾪣æתصԼĹ
Ҫֵ֮ʱȴеûˡ
䣡
˼ͬʱԼҷɣ
һ̣һռ䣬ģ˵ߡ
һ˴󾪣
˻û˵꣬Ͷ
ַ֮üոʵ
ɢ֮һָֻƽǰȥʱʬ
ַ磬ǿߣ
ץεڵصַ磬ſڷȥ
㣬ôܵظôַװ
죡ϳ
ַһţǰʻ
·ĸ˺档
ܿ촫ǹֵ꣬Щɱǳǿ󣬵ûһܻбĳĳ֮ĳըһƬ𺣡
ڿвǰһĻĻĻ档
Լһɱһٶô˭ڰаԼʵô
Լǿߵ˭ַ磬ǿԱϾδַ磬ҡͷѡ
ֻһͨ˶ѡ
䣡
ĳڱһըɡ
ڳըɵһɲǣһץַ磬ӳȥ
Ƿߵ·˶ԶԶģû˾ֺͺ£Щڴĵȴһս
ħô½ͨ඼ߣû֮ͨ١
ַаǸ֪ʲôַǿʶȻӰ첻Ĺ켣
ַͱʮ˰Χʮ˶Ϊ
ʱԶһɫӳγԶԶĿ˹һīĺˡ
ַͱķȥժī˵ϣýźݺݵĲȵķ顣
ժīַŷһۣ
ǺӥİۺӥһΪѾת
ӥĶڱɨһ󣬺Ҫѱ͸һ㣬󵭵ĵ㣬ɱôǿߣΪת
ӥ˵꣬Ŀɨַϣ˰죬ȴַֻһͨˣ
ʲôˣ
ַ˱ŵɪɪ̧ͷۺӥ
ӥҲô˵ŮȥľưȾǸ㾹Ȼɳһٶǿɱңӥû꣡
ӥЦͷ˻ԲѣǺӥﲻôԸģ㾹ȻҵĵɱһٶλʣҺӥҪ


295 
ӥɫһ䣬ͻȻ׵ĳ֣еıһĻı˹ȥ
ַڱһĺű壬ʮ׷Χ֮һƬ˶ַӰ
һ󼤶Ǹǿֳˡ
ַĬ·
źΣַѾ˱ǰ棬ӥĹת˳ȥ
˿ӥĹ˺ʧһ̣ӥĹӺ˳

ΧȦ֮еʲô£ͷ­Ѿɡ
λʱɱűַĺ֮ʧֳַ˵
ӥ𾪣һϣ
ʮַͱķΧȥ

ɱ򣡡

׷ԲڳźɫѪɫϢʮͻȻоԼһͣһɱ¾ϢϢֱ
ʴ󾪣ǻûзӦ֮Ѿʮ˲֮Ĩ˹ȥ
һ룬֮һƬƽϵʮʵʬ壬Щʶһǡ
ַɱ֮ʱһֱ۲ַ磬Ǹоַκ״ֻǶĺȫ
еƾճַ֣ûаĹϵ
ַҲˬѣʶɱˣ֪
ֱַʶƣȻַᷢκα仯ֻ϶ַһͨˡʱɱֻΪǸǿ߰Լ
ʮǺӥǿЩһӥҲŸ
ӥŭһ
ӥȫת£˹ȥ
ɺƣַɼʩ֮ǰд󺰣Ǭħ䣡
ַֻýԺͻҲֻǧ֮һѣ
ַɲΪɱһˣʹǬħ䣬ʹã϶ᾪЩǿߣʱкܶ鷳
ӥ󾪣ʲô
䣡
ӥֱӱƬը֮һʮ֮ӣ
ţʧ
ս֮𾪲ѣ
ŮȻһǿߣһڱɱ
ţز©Һûǵǡ
ҵ㱨ǰùϵ
ﲻҲߡ

һʱ䣬ս֮۷׷ף˶ڵһʱ佫»㱨ϲ㡣
ǽٰɣɱɱսϣɵ̲ɵȣǳ֮£ڴһսҲǳСģ¿ǺĹϵ
ߣ
ַȥս֮˶óĵ·û˸ҵס˽ŲӥϵЩˣҲ»㱨ϲ㣬ͺӥƲϵ
ȥ·ϣһֱַ֣ϣҲĿַš
£зǳ£ɱ˶ڱ˵һǳƽ֮£ɱôˣÿһ˶ǳԽԼǿߣ
ÿһκ͵˶սΪԼҪˣǸǿ߳־ԼսİСʱʱ̽ţоÿʱÿ̶ǻԵ
Ƿǳ£ڣһж;񶼷һĺºͿ־гű
صܲһֲ©ĸ˱һ
һΪͺӥ֮ĹϵղѣӥʵҪǿ࣬Ϊɽ֮ϵһЩ̵Ļֳ֮ìܣһãһ̣Ѵ󲿷ֵ涼˺ӥǺӥôߣ˿ãҪһ̣
ӥǽǣֻһѡ񣬵һӥ̲ڶͺӥ濪ս
̲ûĸϣԼİ̲̲һֻ֮һ֮ǿս޷ͺӥ￹⣡սֻһǾǸ
Ϊ£һ費˼룬ҹߣÿ춼ͺӥｻ棬Ű취ȥ
ǰӥӥʽͱһ̸УӥǿֱԣҪչ
˵չʵ̲ӥһʱ俼ǡ
ڱһͷö֮ʱŮôһĺϢӥﱻˣɱʺȫһ⣡
ĺϢ˱һ񾭣ñһĴԶ·ŮȻһƤǿ˿ŮһδͲ԰׵ɫܺԼЦ
һŮκӥǿ߶ɱʣµҲһЩСˣѾûκвŮڹɱӥλʣսҲû˸Ҵ̵עˣӥЩ̣ڱҲû˸ҶʽܺӥĵˡǡŮĲ֪ǿ˭ô
ҡͷϰ֣Ĳ֪Ҷ˵˶ٱˡҺһٶսʱһɱʮˣֻҪ̧һ½ߵĵ˾ͻᵹ£Щʶսкӥ֮ĸǿŪһƬʲôѹǶѾˣ
һһֱŮ̸Ŀַ硣
ַɫһƬҰףմȫһǱųûл
ַȴڰЦ뻳ңԶûǸ¡
һй۲ַܾãҡҡͷʼظַ磬ǹ۲֮󣬷ַһͨˣûκ
һǲģַСӣΪһơ
һַţһεַڡ
֮ڿտҲȴȫûУ
һҡҡͷѾ϶ַΪ

˳˺ӥĵ̣ڼûκҿӡ
ʮ֮ڣճ죬ٰɶ֪Ůһǿߣ
ÿ춼֮أЩûаİɷ׷׺ｻãм
һֻôһŮǰЩǿһһῼǿǡڣûиǸظ˭֮ǰȻӦ
з磬ļҵע⡣
ļլԺھٱ˳඼ΪӢмơ
һɱ˰λʮλʣһڣе˼ܣʵӦյļ壬ҪҸȵˡ
ţϢǳɿʱ¼ƵӰҲˣȥ
磬椲һһǿߣϲ

һʱˮʽΪļҵĸɡ
ܿʱѾȥַѾȫָ
ָ֮ĵһ£ѰҾħ
ͽѣַҲʹѣַļƻǽ鲻ַ֪оԼ˺˽顣
ַħֵӦŽĴڣǺħħ־ַȻѾеַ֮һղˡ
ַ֮ڵŮ派ѪʥŮСѩϵһֱûлӦҲ֪Сѩħô½ô
ַҲȥҺĪƣַͻȻԼҪ·ǳࡣ
ʱ䣬ַ缸ÿ춼űס
ǵģס
Ϊļĸ֮ǰףЩСɣһȻᵱܾҲûвףЩɣЩݵλˣһҲҵֻί˵ҪŮ˼
ףǱһѹǳҲϣŮһõĹޣʱ򣬺һЩɵĹӽύҲǷǳõĻᣬǾǿаűס
Ҳ֪˿̸׵ѹҲֻӲͷƤȥף׹ˣһһܾ
Ȼ֮е˲ˣǱҲûа취ԼĻôܳΪƷ
һҲŮҸȥȡһ棬ʱ򣬱ŮһˣҪȻԼҪЩˣͲ˵Ůĸˡ
Ϊ£͸׳ΣûκεĽ취
ַ⣬ַҲûа취ַͱദ˼£ҲͱѣҲ뿴ҸһЩϵĶٵ
Щַ粻ȥܣַǱֻΪˣΪ˻ָԼ壬ѾַָҲǣȥѰԼֵܻоħ
죬ַǡ
Уһھܾ
˵Ѿҵˣûҵ㲻뿪ⱲӶ룡
ַ亹ʲôˣȷʵ¡
ַĻͷҪףǡ洦СȴҪѣûаҵѣ
ַûаѱѵĻͲǶˣС
СЩ޷ȥıģЩĹӸҲ˧һѵģһõģľͺãʵҲ
΢ŭ˵ĿôϰһҲҪҲŲҪЩˣһˣһû̸أôȥˣҲϲЩˣҪѡԼҸ㡭Ҽ޸㣬ҲҪ޸Щˣ
ַһ㶣˵ʲôң
ɫ΢죬ҿЦġ
ҪɣðҵѣǼװ飬ȻЩ˾ûʲô˵ˣ
ַܾУŮѣ
ŮѣţôһͨˣûаΪ˭ϲ㡭
С
¾ôˣھȥϰ֡
𣡣
Ѿ˷ţʣַһڷ
һ˱Ļ󣬾ô˼ƿС
ڱһַûʲôҲֻͨһȫĨɱˡڰڸַһǳߵְλȻֻǿְٰŮװַ磬ѹŮѰԼɾ֮һɣԼͺá
¾ô
ַ类һΪһͽƺš
Ȼһͱͬʱ֤ӥĸ𣬺ӥ֮ȫǰеķһٻ˺ӥӥİַɱ
˶Ϣܶ˶֪Ĺ϶ɱôǿߡǸظڳ֣ԭǺͱһǸˣŶˡࡱ
¶ԣһʲôķһȴ˰ڵһǿߡ
һŮַ磡
ΪַͱһƺƴĶʽЩ׵ȫȻΪ˸ǣŮѾɾˣǶİɡ
˴֪һǽַͱ£׵˶ܾ
ļҸۡһ꽫ƱݺݵˤڵϣһȻƲԳԷƣҿŮȻʹթȻҾܾң
ԱһЦܣļҵҲΪС椰ɣŮ˶ǣαΪһŮ˶ء
ҪõŮˣһҪõʲôƨֻһ۷ѣʲôһ֡һҪ
ļҲһжôʱ룬˳ˡ

һŮѹȥһʱַٴθǣַ߲ˡ
ļɽ֮Ϸһޣټǰɱޡһǿߡͱɱޣ
ñһͷʹѡ֮ǰļҶǿǰףһдñǿ档
ίľܾǿǿʱҲû˵ʲôȥ


296 ħǹ
ʱļɱޣļ֮µĴСɶиǰһǰҲûʲô֮Ҳ֮Уһͷʹǣһֵļٵģ
Ҳ֪ô죬Ŀǰֻܵȳ죬Ҹѣ
죬ǿӱ͡
һǰӭӣĴˣѾ׼ãϳ
ǿĿɨô
£ѲɱжҺͰڸǰһش֮治ɫ
ôжɱǧޣһޣļҺܿзʵԣжزμӡʲôҪ£ʱ£ǰɵһʧļҳе
һһͷ亹
ǿѵ̰Ҫܾô

ʱַ˹Ŀֱǿһʣȥɽɱʲôޣ
ǧĺ
ޣ
ǡ
СٻַʶǧѾΪˣΪеһԱôɽһ⡣
ַӦСٻռʲô˰ɣħô½һֱŮ派ѪϵСѩϵϡ
ǰȥɱޣõһЩϢ
ַǿȻкҪ£ȻĴ˹ˣҲӦ÷£Ĵ˷˵һʧļҳе⻰㲻
һ󾪣æ㲻Ҫ¡
ǿһ֣ûҵ˭˵˵ȥ
ַЦֻ֪Ĵ˷˵Ļ㲻
ǿΪļҵĶӣһԾŶȻ˵㻰
ǺãεʧһƷʯ
ַʨӴ󿪿ڡ
ħô½ĻңʯʯΪľˮⰵ֣ʯ޵ڵӦĿʯƶɡʯļʯںĴСΪʮƷ
ʯͨĻңҲõıгһͨĻҶƷµʯƷµʯΪǧµڵƶɡ
ʯƷ֮Ļ㵥λһһ٣Ҳ˵һٸһƷʯԻһƷʯһٸƷʯһƷʯԴơ
Ʒϵʯǳ׵õƷƷʯҪɱǧϵޣƷƷʯҪɱϵޡƷϵʯֻмС
Ʒϵʯϸֻͨһ㵥λһٸƷʯ뻻һƷʯû˻ʯĵȼԽߣϳԽͣ
һһһˣⲻթô۵թƷʯļҪãҲò
˿̱һַһ
Ϊ仰ѾƵǱһֻܱţǿû˵˵
һµɳˣƽʱǳؼʱôð仰
ǿһЦǣ˭թļңǰ֪ļһﾹȻôĿŵթԼ
ǿŭЦҵҪ֪ﵽʧʲôȻôֵǮҿжֵһƷʯ
ַ絭ЦţôЩǼǮźģ磬СҸΪһƷʯС޸ôһٸҲᣡң㵱С֮ʱ͵ǶôᣬֵֻʮƷʯѣ
ǿ˶亹һȫԾĲţһҪƲϵҪȻﶼ군ˣ
ҶĴ񣡣
ǿߵһǿ̲סַŭȡ
ַϷǳƽû˿ŭȴ쳣ı䣬ʲôҺĴ˵ʸô
ǿŭģǺ죬ԼѵԼ£͵ںݺݵĳԼһƣ
ϸһ룬ֻһССΪθҶԼֻ˵һ⣬һǿߣ
ǿߵǿȣ£
֮ǿѹһ¼ߵ飬ַһǿߣЩʶ㻹ûиңʲô£ҪֵһƷʯ
ַ΢ЦұˡҪȥɱޣһƷʯļòҲļҵǲ
֪ļ帽ɣǱҵܾǲǱѣ֪ô
Ŷԭû˵ļ壬ļǵһ壬ƴ֣û뵽һƷʯòʧ̫ʧˣҪ£ôССı궼̫ʧˣ
ǿĿ챬ըˣһƷʯССҪ󣿣
ǿѹסŭ΢ŭɱޣ㵽ȥǲȥ
ַνĵ˵ҲȥôҲǺ㿪Цѡ
˺գһ
ЦǿѪ
ַ籾뽫ǿնɱٴˣΪַ֪ǿԼģ˵ԼȥɱޣʵȥɱԼ
ַϸһ룬ǿնɱٴ˵Ļһ︲Լûʲôϵַͱѣַ粻ʲô¡οԼȥɱޣ˵ܵõһЩϢ
ԣַ绰һתӦȥɱޡ
ǿҪַͱȥһһͬǰȥǿܾˡ
ַ˸ǿߺ󣬱һ̣
ɱޣļǳӣԴӣٶǿǰɽ
Ҫַ硢һļҵʮλʡ
ҲһЩļҸˣһĴжԼֻøɵĸȥ¡
һ֮նɱӥʮλʣһɱӥӥֵΪǺξ磿
ǿַܵ磬ǶûַκϢǰҲûˣ˺ƾճһ
ǿļᶼһֱַΪҲַܲκϢʴһʡ
ַǳŵһ㶣Ҳǳ󣺡ǰɣ˵λĴˣǸ߸ϵĳǿߣҵΪѵλ˵ΪǼٵô
ǿļһ㶣֮ϴһ˿ŭ
һԵıľս˿̳Уһ·ַðֱҴ롣ַԻᱻɱԼԻᱻȳΪǿŮˣ
Ǵ˿Ҳûа취ֻһһ
ǿתΪҸתΪֵΪֵȷ֪
ַҵΪ߶ˣ˵ŵǣһǲ˵ˡ
һߵıһ亹̫ܴˡ
ǿļ˲Źַ磬ַ̽һ֣һ취ַ罻ãַԼ壬ַðƵģһҸὫַɱ
˾ͨ̽ǿԱߵһʹһɫ
ͻȻѣһַĺĴȥ
ۿλʾҪ͵ϮɹǰͻȻɳһѳֱӽλʵֱۿϡ
ʲҽһæùסԼ˿ڡ
˶ס˸ղŶеĽͻȻλʣû˾쵽κεҲ˵ûгУ
ַվԭضûжҲ˵ַ֣
⵽ʲô
ַʱָʣŭӹ
ʱһֱۣѣַʱŭ죬ַŭַ磬Ҫս
ַ罫ͷתǿļᣬ˵λˣʲô˼ǲһĽͣʣҾɱˣ
ļᵭĵˣҵΪֹϼжѣȻǹۣ־ܷſȭžˡ
ϣλѾַȥ
ַ絭һЦվԭزıʣߵɨλǽ֮£屻ֳ߶Ρ
һĻ޷⣬ûгУַҲûгУѵǱеĽ⣿
ǱеĽֻһͨı
ַεĵ˵һ֣ǻ̽Ĳ
ַ˵꣬ľˣǰȥ
ĿɵɵĶԼѾʵıŪ⵽ô¡
Ǹǿ߱ԼѵǸǿһֱԼ߱Լô
ô
ѰԼļ䣬ԼСûʶʲôǿߣ
Դַ֮Լͱˡ
ָоǰʱɵʱַ磬һǿߣ
Ҳֻܽһ
ļǿ˵ɫǳѿǻڻַ硣
ߵķǳһ·ϵħ޷ǳ࣬Ȼ˶ϵǿߣɽҲҴֻܰǰ֮µı̽
֮Ѿɽ
ǿʱ֣ǰħǹȣֵΪˣַǷܽȥΪǿһ
ãû⡭
ַڴӦ
ǳģַ磬һȥ
ַһЦģһȥͺá
εĶַ˵ͷ
ַϿӰܿʧ˵
ַϿ֮ʶϿȣϿ֮ʮħǣǶǳɢǼǧͷһ̡
ǰķǧ״ǧͷħǡ
ЩħǴ඼Ƕ׺ħޣǧħǶԶ֮еǿ˵ûʲôѶȡ
ַ룬ȻҪңô
ַڤħԶȺȥ
Ӻַ绹ûл
磬ôˣСǲˣ
ùܣӪϢȾˡ
ַȥ֮ļӪϢһҹж
˶æµﰲӪկ
ҧгݣȴţַһֱԼǸǿߣû£
һʱַ֮绹ûлҶϢȥˡ
һУһ˵ȴַ
ڰʱַ֮ڻˡ
ַܱߴ𣬡ħħǡ
ǿŰۣûĵħʲôµģ֣ΪôòŻ
ַװܡ࡭ħǡ
أ
һǾ֪ˡ
ַ˵꣬űԱߵȥ
ַ罫ħǹħȫ˹
ء
һʱ䣬ɽֶ𶯣˯Ƕѣ˳֮󣬷ҹĻ֮ȫǷħǣ
ɫ۾ŭ֮еħǱŭķŭ
ֻħ糱ˮһǿ߾˹
ȻⶼַĽַɵÿħǵĵ̣ħһ٣𡭡
˼Сʱʱ䣬ַ罫ħǹħȫ˹
ǿ߲֪һʮħǣﵽ֣ϻ谵ҹĻΣĿֻ֮а׷ԲΪǧħǣԴҶȫ䱸ս뾡콫ħնɱɾ
սĿʼǿȴħԽɱԽ࣡ɱһֳһǿ߷֣ҹĻ֮£ȫȺ
ǴʱѾˣħѾ˷ǿ߰Χ
Щз޵ǿӣǸٻޣͱħǳȥгһƬ׹ǡ


297 
ַͱһ棬оħǶƹûһͷħǽ
Ȼַ罫ԼϵϢûһֻħϢûħǽ
ǽɱҽȫûмôħǣ
ַ磬ңǲǸҵǿߣ
˵أ
һǣ
ţû
ַɴϣַ֪
ַĳϣһ󼤶һֱͨͨ
ַ磬һô죿
ַҲͷţԼƺˣ뿪ˡļ壬ȫɱˣֻӳַͱĻһļе
ַԲκ飬ַַŲ±ѡ
ҪվסţļùϵļֻҪļ岻Իһֱȥ
ǣַѾļΧӣַ粻ҲѾˣһõӦôӾԻԸ
¸ùϵַ¶ԼǿʵַһֱַǲֻҪַһߣ군
Сٻʱַ磬ֻļΧ峤ĶӣɱҲɱˣʲôֻҪļ˸ùϵͺˣΧֲļҵĺˣҲһЩΧɣɱҲɱˣõġ뱣ĻϵıһˣͿԱסˡڴԶҪֵǮ
ַƺ֮СٻҲȰַ뿪Сٻͺַ絽飬û뵽ַ绹ˡ

ַ磬Ҫɱ㣡ǿŭ쳹ʣ
ǿļƾԼǿʵԦŽµ޳Χ˸߿ա
˿ǿ߱ħ˺Ƭŭѡ
Ȼӳ˻ʮʣ˶ûħȺû
ܣѵַΪļЩȥȷϡ
ǿ˭ȥ̽һ·ȥ˼Сʱһ⼸Сʱħǹڵħȫ
ļܣⲻܣħǹôҪȫħǡɣ
ûô֪һɣ
ַӰļϿգһ˫׵ʹַ֮裬ȫȴɢͺڰϢ
˴󾪣ַĽѵʹ
ַ磬ΪʲôҪôǿҧгݣ޲ýַ˺Ƭ
ַ絭ĵκɱҵˣҶŹֵ˽Ҵ޷ɱңǿҲ޷õС㣡˵һŹô
ǿЩ飬û뵽Է֪һУ
ļЦַ磬ֵܣļΪУַ磬ˣ
ַЦֻļΧСѣһ㣡

ַ˲ɫ֮ѹߵʮ˲ɥ
ʣµתӣַŭһɱ򣡡
׷Χȫɱ¾Ϣ֣Щʽµķ޶ܲסͻ׷׵ڵء
Щʸոأǧٸħ˻һȥܿ죬ϴĲҽ
ǿļͬʱַ֣ķȥ˵Ĺַȫᡣ
·
˵Ĺȫַתƣʣµʮʵɱ˹ȥ
ЩֻܣȫûŪô£ǿļĹǵķ
ʮʵȺ֮Уֻ֮زز
ַȻκ˴ߡ
ڤħһѾʵĹΧ
̰ǹ£
ʧȥ˾ħַܾеǳ˳֡
ǽĽĻ֮±Ƭ
ַô콫ôɱַսٶļǿֲѣ˲ûӣַ֪ɱôˣ϶Ҫɱڣ
˼ԦŽµޣһǰһַȥǿĹռһ
ַе·߶˷ڤħٶҲûгȥ
һֵ˵ľУţѾڵĹĹֻҪ˱֮£
˵һһââ֮еַ羪䡣
ַоһеĹԻԼˣ
ʲô
ַûʱ룬âͼ޾Ļֱַ֮л
ŵ죡
䣡
ξŵֲûнǿļĹȥһֽһֱӱâͼƿ
ַоһɲɵԼԼ塣
һַ̣˴ССʮѪ
ַ缱æһƿȪˮָڵľѾȫϣһصַ塣

ǿļʹ֮Ԫˣȥһ࣬˿˴ϢĻᣬмâַķ˹ȥ
ǲˣ
ַȻӶڤħ𣬵е·ַӲ˵ĹΧ
ʱ֮£ַ翴âѹԼͬʱ֮һ΢ϵϵͼĹɱӣ
ַȻûа취ȥֹֻӲ
䣡
غϣ·Ҫַ強Ƭ
ַ岻Ļ˵ľ֮£϶ҷ
һҵıըַ֮ɿ˵ͣڿУĿɨļǿ
˿̵ļǿɹľҡҡ׹֪ξɱԷĻôֻ·һ
˿ַ̣Ҳһ㣬ڵ;ȫ飬ȻѾȪˮ֮»ָڵûһǻָˡ
Сٻ⵽ô£ļǿΪֻΪһеҲĹôὫҵˣ
СٻΪ˵ĹƷʯ
ô£
ϣµߣҲʺˣҲ֪ǡ塯һ˵ҲһҪԣҪ弶ϵĸ߽ʯӵ˸߽ʯպͬԵʯͻĴڣñӳɣԹͻᷭȻʯֻΪԵŸãֵܵܵĹڵʯӵеʯһָʴǳĿֲҺƷʯƷʯѾˡ
Ҫ򣬱Ϊﵽʥ磬ľˮһſҲ˵ҪĸʮƷʯſ򣡺ˣ˵ˣҲռƷʯͶˡ
ʮƷʯ
ַȫףַҲ֪Ϊʲô½ϵϵǿ߱ȵϵǿԭʯã
ǿЩĴ𣬡ôַ磬㵽ʲôˣ
ļǿô㲻ףֵľɱһתǿߣǰַΪôһڣ¾УȻʲô¶ûУ
ַΪѾ˵ⷶΧ
ַȣǲǵˣ
ǿַҪ֣ǺͳĹֵܣ㲻ɱҡ
ǿҲæַ磬Źǰɡ

һˣƸ޷֣ڵͱַ粻ַͬڵ֮ڣ֮ڣ
ַ֮üļǿ˾Ͳʵĵȥ
ַӿ£˱ķ
ħǿŭų˹ȥ
ַ粻Щħǣץڵı߿ȥ
Ծħǹȣַһɽ֮Ϣ
ַ磬㡭û°ɣ
֪ôģÿ˵ڼ䶼СҲַָ磬ͶַСУЦҲˡ
ַףǿߺߵĲ졣
ַһ֮ʱ˵ʲô˵ʲô޹˼ɣַСУַԸҲԣڣ˵λȫߵһӦǰַСе£һ¡
û£ҪϢһ£һ֮ȥѰҺ
ַ˱˯Ѩʶǧ֣֮ǬǬָơ
һºַѾָһ룬ַ˱˵㶫󣬺ͱһ·
ʶ֮̽£ַ绨ʱҵǸ
һصɽǧ֮⣬ʮǿѰʲôЩǿȫһɫǿߣӵһԲǿߣʣµһɫ
ʱһе峤ѾǸĶѨ
ãʱҪݾߣȥϴס
ļΧ峤ģǰԼӴǿǰ̽·ʮȥˣѶȫޡ
ĵʱȫɽ
ħǹ֮ʱֻħǵʬĹѾףӵĶѾȫû
ӵĹôأ϶ɱԼӣǵ˼ǧ֮϶˶ħ֮צ
ֻħǵסĵ˵ȥ·
Ĳûб𣬼Ԧ޳ȥħǹŵħǣҲӶǳ󣬵ûʱȥġ
ڵļĺҪĶ°첻ã峤֮λͻᱻ˴棡

ţҪܣȥȥͻ
ַùɽһʯ棬󽫶ڻ
ַȻϢĴһڵλóȥ
ڤħٶȵȻĵٶܱģַĵǰ˺ڵĶڸ
ֱַͷųŮ派ѪϢ˳
ʥŮϢʥŮô
оŮ派ѪϢ֮ɽ
ɽ֮󣬺ȴɢŮ派ѪϢĲʥŮˣһӡ
ַѾΪˣоʮ׳İɫβڿ趯š
ǳޣ֮ɢŹ˵
ʲôˣ
Ŀⶢַ磬Ŀһ˸

ֻá˲һַ磬ַ˼һ²
ַ絭Цţܸоǲǵˡ
ЦţŶԭʥŮ˵СˣС˧磬ʲô£
Ӧ˰ɣһǿԸ㣬ʮҪСˡ
ַ˵꣬ʶоģַǬ
ַûаպĵ潻֣ʮ𣬾ַʹǬħ䶼ûаգֻܰѰһ
ַնǬѾںǰ
Ŀһ̣һ㶣㲻ǧĺǡ
ĵЦţȻǣ
һˣ
ûǰмͷҴһ·Ĳ࣬ɫģǴǻɫģǲȡѵôˣ
һԭǶأңһǶܵˣ
ܣ̫ʧˣ
ϵͽȻǣȻһķȥ


298 
׵Ļĵֻβŵ׹ȥ·
ĿĶģ֮ǰļǿǿܶ࣬ɲҵĶ֣Ȼˣ°ɡ
еĳʣһɱϢռ䣬ΧĿһ½˼ʮȡ
Ϊ㵲סô
սһĵĽзǳ죬ÿγ֮䶼ѹĹÿιǳǿ󣬵Ǳѹ֮£Ĵ˸ƽ֡
еַ۲죬ΪҪĸһǴȴѹƣӲǿĵĽлۣÿжǰ˽˽ܵһγһ΢ѭﵽһƽ⣬
ûʹ˫趯֮ǳֲÿζĵĹ
Ҫδʮоȡ׼ķǳԼĹױȶԷߣȴѹơֵһʱûа취ƽ⡣
Ҳ֪ȶԼĽԼĽгᱻƽ⡣

䣡
˫֮ĵĽڱƣ޴ĳֱӽĳԶĽųȥķ񱼶ȥ
һжĵļƻ֮ڡ
мߵķƲһۣ׷ȥ
ԽǧףͻȻֹס˽Ųת壬һЦĿ׷ĺ
ͻȻоΧϢԣҪȥʮ𽫺Χ
󣡡
ĵָ֮£˷ͬʱŸӵӡ
˲֮ڣǰһ䣬ʧԲǧ֮ڣľŽ档
һȫû뵽˵塣֮ǰǸԼѣڲѡ
ʹ깦֮Ҳѷɣ
ô汳û⣡
ַڹŰս֮¼
ʱַҲûƿ󷨣ȫȪǸԼסĹһƿ󷨡
˿̣󷨵ַʱİٱϣ
ַ֮⣬ȫ֮ڵַоƲ󷨣
һֵĹѵһֱӺҷɣأѪ
󼯺ʮλס
䣡䣡
ιÿһΣ󷨵ƿķһδεҷɡ
ˣ
ЦΪȷܸߣҲµûѾͻΪﵽʥ˰ɣ󷨵£ֻ·һ
ЦǱʥȣССסʥôֻҪʥ߲գһƽļ壡
һô֪ļˣ
ϻ˼£ܸܵʥҩǰܴܵ˼ɱңҴҸܵܳһֶҩֶҩֻнҩһδεĸʥҩҪĶǰҪĶҲȫˣҾ͸ҩҰæɱ㣬ûдӦû뵽Ļ
һУԭǵܵܽкϢ㱨ļȻԼŽӵɱϢҵĺõܵܣǺöļƲߣ
ĵлһϢˣƲ˵ģ
ôǾͬھ

ͻȻ³ԼڵЦɱ޷õҵڵ룬Զòˣ
ͻȻ߷ڵһʱ䣬֮ڹâɡ
ļغһ
֪ҪʲôڵԼóʲôļ壿ļڲ첻ãԼ峤֮λ᧿Σ
غһɫź϶ΪһҲ֮ڵǿ
ǵĵĻ䣬ǿһûг֣󷨿ʼ
֮ˣһʱ֪⣬оһȽ֮˸֮У˶һصӰ죬ؼʱ̣ת󣬳һСС͵󷨱
⵱ȻַĽַһֱǬ֮ڣǬһ΢Ȼƶ󷨱Եʩչغһ֮ʱַͻȻȻʹǧ񹦱һģǿλ֮Ȼʧ
󷨳⣬һʱ䣬еܵ󷨷ɣ׷˲ˡ
󷨱һ˲䣬ץסǧѷĻᣬ߷֮һڵһɹǿ޾Ķسռ䡭
ȥͶ񶾣һġ
ʧ
ҿɢжһλæ
Ѿˡ
󷨷ɣˣûܶ㿪ʱһ
һǿǶѾ֣޿ײ룬ͨϸСë˵塣
ⲻһĶأҿЩƶ
Ļ䣬˾ƶ
壬һĶ˺˵ģ֮ʱɢĶطǳֲֶҲѹƲ뽫Ƴ⣬ǵ˹ٶȸ졣
ۡ
һѪֹͣù
ɫǳѿҲµûضнҩ֮⣬ҩɽ⣡ֶǵûʲô˺ǻɵǵĹǱһˣڵʮ֮ڲҵҩǾͻһˣ
𶼸оԼĹڿٵţڶͨľѨλ֮ع鵤𽥵ߵڵ˹ƶⶾصҲԽԽ졣
һƬңЩǿ߱һͨˣɱǻҪܣ
ļȻˣм϶СꡯԽѹƣֻѹµꡭ
˵꣬Ӱһǰǿһ֮ʱ󷨱ˡ
ŭô£ΪλʧЧ
ߵ峤ˣʱȫ𹥻ҡ
ߵ˵ұߵ
ұߵŭ㹥ңȴ˵ҹ㣡
мʱˣ˵ҹңڻװ
쳣ŭԼ޹ģλĴ
㣡
㹥ң
ûй㣬㹥ң
˳࣬˿϶
ŭҪˣȥɣ
бһұߵͷ­ء
ˣ
ʣµͬʱĹ˹ȥ
ӦãȻ췴
Ǻ˰ףֱֳ֮սһλȥ
һ󵶹⽣Ӱֻоͽλնɱ
еַ羪첻ѣĳ֮ʱѾλȫѹƣλ𱬷սֻԭеһѣֻͽλͷ­ɣ
ַ͵ϵսʥսĵΪԲǵЩʥԱģ
ԼģַоԼľǬħ֮⣬ԼҲס
ڷǳͷʹɱʧܣڻȥûа취潻ԼĵܻܵԼ·һȥҲ·һ
峤ˣô죿һλʵ
û˵֪ôȥش
һλ峤ˣȥ㱨ܲڲһа취Ϊǽⶾ
һʧܣһСͲˣ㻹˼Ҹⶾ
ûжĻȥ֮󣬴峤ΪڲһԱڻȥ֪ܵжĻһڵһʱɱԼ

ַߵķ׷ȥ
ʮӺ󣬺ͣɫһƬҰףҡҡ׹һ֮͵һѪ˹ˡ
̫أȱˣ֮ʧȥڵ֮һˣ֮ǡ
˭վָһӰ߼۶
ýţҡַ˺ǰ
ַ磬Ȼس衣
ַóһƿȪˮ˺£°ɣ˻ԭ
ƿӣһŨƮ˳쳣ȣȪˮ
ûȰɡ
Ŀַ磬㵽ʲôĿģ
ַ絭ЦţҵĿĺܼ򵥣ң嵽׷ʲô£½嵽ʲôط
ЦȻŮ派ѪʥŮҲ˵Ů派Ѫһ½࣬ɲȷݣŮ派ѪҲпǴǸģ
ַʵҪôȷҵݣ
ҽȼҺʥŮ˵ĹϵǳãСʥŮʲô¶ңֻҪңôʥŮõŮ派Ѫͺá
ãҸ㣬ǴʥŮġ
ַ罫Сѩ䵱ɽһμ棬СѩСѩȫ˺ֽѯԼ޵˵˳˵Сѩϣ֮֮¡
ַ磿ȷַ֮󣬼ѡ
šַͷԴħô½֮һֱСѩצϵûκϢңʲô£
ȷ£һǰǵ˽ʥŮˣצˣٻ˽أ֮ûκϢڰǰźʥŴɱɽ֮ϵ޺ޣɽϣһֲǰŵ˴ٽҺǰԮһ˳ˣļ˷֡
ַǵʲô£
Ҳ֪֮Ҹо˲õ¡
ַܲСѩצ
ȥҲûãҲ㣬һȥ֮Ὣ¸ʥŮˣʱʥŮȻ㡭
ַٴ˰ûʡ
ַסźʥţ
ллȪˮļҵĶӦӲԶڽȫնɱ
ַ缱æļ˾ͽˡ
ȼַķȥ
ļ˲ûȥ˶ԭһôߡ
ʱԶһɫӰһŮ߷ɱ
Ȼַͱ
ĿɨַͱһΪһΪҲû⡣
Ȼַǧ񹦽ԼϢûʡ
źˣ
ַܱߺļ帽ַͱС㡣
μĴˣ
ַͱǰ
ɻô
ַæĴˣǰҸǰɽɱޣһ·֮ϣҺλһʣݰ˰֮֮ħȺλȣҺͱСӳħȺ
ַ˵ţȻ۶¡
һһ㶵ģɱ˼ӣھȻ˵ǵĶǰ˰֮
ַЩʣʱҺͱˣ֮ҵһ֮ƺת֮ɽ·һֱĿߣŴ˴죬Ǹ˹


299 ħ־
ĴˣҶԲסλӰλΪ˾ҺͱȻء
ַ˵ľȻش֮һǱ˵ա
һޣľԻһưǴʱͬǰΪԼȥĶӿޣܴ޻ϷĶûдϡ
ĴˣСպĴˣСݵ΢Ϊ£Ҳ䲻ϸˡ
ĴַĻˣ㲻˵ˣ˵ô࣬ұסڸ㣬ҲΪ˶жˣ߰ɡ
жˣС׸ʦѧϰҽԸֶҩоĴˣҪҰַһֿĿġ
ˣ߰ɡ
ַˣҪңҿ˵ĿΪⶾʦħô½ҩˣȻѾȥˣһȫ洫
ħô½һҩ
ûַĻʦҩˣ죿
΢ŭٲߣɱ㣡
ַĿֱģӾҵҵĴ˵ģĴҪɱңҾԹԣɱ֮ǰһҪΪĴΣ
һˣΪˣԼŭŵ£СȴԼһֿ
Щʶ
ðɣΪһɡ
ַĵߣ֡
ַ粻ĵŮң֣
Ҫŭǿַ峺֡
̧һ㣬ҪȻȫɣϵľȷ󡭡
ıһַĻѾӦΣȻܷڡ
𿴵һһ㶵ģ⻹Ǹ߸ϣκ˶Ĵô
ַƬַ֮üͷͻȻĴˣеĵһ綾ɹ
𾪣ıַѰͷˣ˭Ҳû뵽һﾹȻϳ
о𣬾ȵʶ˶
ַ϶ϲѾ˺ȻӺ֪
ַ絭ĵʶʶǴ˶ǳѽ⣬ʦŵĻ϶Խⶾҡ˵ʵʵֻʦѧʦ״ӣʦָһ
˿ʼϣһʧ
һа취ģֻǡ
һ˷ܺϣ
ļæСֵܣ㵽ʲô취ֻҪܽⶾκҪҶӦ㣡ҶӼȻǰ˰֮ҿӣ
ַǸ亹Ĵˣҿ԰⣬ӾͲˣСΪ£ûĴ˵
۾һĿԽ⣿
ַͷ
˵Ŀ⿴ַ綼һȡ
ҩֻ
ַĻһ䣬ֳһӱˡŽҩֳʮˣ˭أ
ַóԪ
۾һǡԪ
ַͷûԪʦ˼֮ǰҵġ
Ԫ֮ڵ˶ҩģҲַʦ϶ҩˡ
һٿԪһֱǬϣ֮֮ʱַ͸һţʣ¾ʮſûá
ΪַȪˮ֮ʲô˶ȪˮԪȻʥҩַﷴûˣʱϡ
ַ罫Ԫġ
һţԪܽٶĳ֮ڼӺڵĶرһɶҵ֮ڵǰࡣ
Ŀ⿴ģʣŵҩľȨȫĵС
ĵҶ˴ɱʧܣ޷潻Ԫ׼͸棬һֲҵĹʧ
ԣҡ
峤ˣܶǣǸôꡭ
峤ˣ㻹ţ͸һŰɡ
峤ˡ
ĵǶסڣε飬ҶѱŽҩҸκһһţ˶᲻˵Ҹø˭أ
ĵĻ䣬Ѿĵ˼
ʮλ֮һͻȻ֣Աߵͬ˹ȥ
һ˲䣬ʮλ𲻸ĵĵȥ
һʱ䣬ɱʣµʮսЩֵܣǻ飬Щ˶ϰĽ飬Ϊ˻ȫ˵ˣ
û˵ÿ˵۾֮жѪ˿תȫĹΧɱȥ
ʵп磡
սսǳǿĽַͱץɵǧ֮⡣
ַʵĴˣ֪ǸŵˣὫҩ𣿡
һ㶣Ц˵أ
ַҲ΢Цᡣ
ĵȷһ˽ҩҪСҪ˵ʲôʵΪʲô᣿
ַһԼų޵ߣ̫Σˡ
ŶĵҰѽҩˣң
ַЦЦЩ˲ɱܲĴˣܴĴˣɱĴˡ
ĵַ磬㵽ʲôˣ
ӶԻ֮УѾʼַݡ
ַֻһѵĺΪҵСѣֻĴ˰һ£Ǳס
û⣬ңֻҪһ峤ұ֤û˸Ҷ
ַЦãлĴˡ
һĨΪ˲⣬ôάҶһõСǱδӵĹˣǻᱻħɱô϶йϵ
ַû뵽һ㣬Ϊɱǿļ֪ǿҪԸַ磬ַԲɱˡַģıԼҲͿ԰ĵȥˣȫû뵽ѾԼ
ɱ˼ҵĶӣ־ӣ£ַֻĳ
ַ磬Сһֿ͸ĸоԺ
ӺսڽһѪ˹
ĴˣӮˣһˡ
ЦôֵܶȥˣŻʲôãֵһǳ㣬㻹ȥɡ
֮һ˿֣ͷ­߸ߵķ
սߵһλʬǰ˫ĸץȥ
һɹصλȥĴﻺ֮ûĵڡ
ַ粻⡣
СٻЩˣʯʱڵ֮ڣԣԼáϺܶǿߣҲʵʯǾͻɱǿȥԼҪ
ַʶ̽˼ʬ壬ҵһӵƷʯ
ɣ
ֱַλʯλʯǻǳûκεĹԣСٻ˵ģȫǸԵƽȣܺϣȫκų⡣
ַ罫Щ徭Ѩλอȫÿλöתһ飬ûκεĲףЩ֮ǣַôȥЩ޷꣡
ַСٻʲô
СٻЩεĵûа취ǰ꣬Ϊǳ֮ΪƾԼЩ꣬϶ܣͻתת֮ǰڵ޷
ַжʱһô˵ַΪѾֹڴˣҪͻתͱڵ㿪ʼٴΡ塱
ַ籾ΪԼ˷ܲѣڣַһµ䵽˹ȵס
ַֻܽĻڵ
ַ˼ӵƷʯļ𣬽ʯȫɡ
˿ַ̣絤֮εŽԡԺԵǳƽȵεַĵû˿ͻײһҲûκγͻ
ַоЩһ㣬֮ȱĳֻԣֲַʲôԡ
СٻЩʯ޺޵ڵϸߵƶɣ֮ʱеĻԶѹϴӣֻ˳գֱӲŲͻȵʥֻ֮ҪľˮյԲĳ̶ȣԼͿ
ַоЩɹɽȫǸϱĸյٶҲûʲôãΪַ籾ȫܵȥˡ
ѵҪ㿪ʼȴﵽתΪܺڵϣ
ַЩĸо
ַ֮ʱַ˯ĵһħͻȻ˹ٵεַĵ֮ڣַոɵʯȫɡ
ʲôַһħħһֱַ˯ÿҵһħ֣鶼һЩַͻΪħֵַ޷գͺһַ֮ڣַȴܶöѡ
˵ַħѪûо֮ǰûа취ʹħħֵҲֻħħһļħֵŻļħѪ
˿ַ̣ԼڵѪѾڽľѣħֵҲĻΪһص
ħˣͨħ֮ǺڰֻħĻʹõİѪĴУûħҴѪ޷
ɵЩʯħֽɢһֺɫתַĵַЩ֫ٺתȥ
ֺɫַȫһַ̹緢ֺɫ֮ԼѪ֮һĻȡ
ɫǺڰǱȺڰҪѵ
Сٻʱħħһֱ˯ħħֵԭûлԵ˸е⡣
ַڱӵжЩͰ޷ģоҲ޷ư鵱Ȼ֪ħּҪȻҪַħô½Ժڸַ硣ȻҪħֵħѪҪַԭϳҲҪħô½ַ飬㡣
ǽ黹ûַħô½ַͺͽ鷭ˡ
ɣǳַ֮תƵַ֮Ҳɺ֮¼ħֵħѪ


ħô½һ֮ϣѰҵڵľħͻȻ󾪡
ô£ħֵôᱻСӲô
ַ֪ûзϳ֮£ħѪħĻַڵһʱ߻ħ
ܸӦħȴҲַΪַѾԼϵ
ֻ΢΢ĸӦħֵϢ֮Ϣʧַ֪ʱûʲô¡ַĳ£ħֵһ᲻ܿƵĿ񱩺ɢңӦ˷ܺº͵Ϣ

Ӳһʯתļӵи߽ʯȫգĿЩȵĿַ硣
ģ
ַͷ
ͷߣƷʯǳЩͨʮϰŪһ飬ھͱСˣСôô죿
СӾԼû˵ʲô


300 ҽ
ٻԼķޣһǡ
ַ֮ͱĸ𣬻ص
ַ粢ûȥ취ռʯֻռʯħֵ
ħô½ʯͨңҲ˵ַҪľǮ
ַԴ֮󣬿ν޷ġκ磬ûǮνǴ粽С
ǣַռϢħô½ҩʦͶʦΪеְҵ
ڼ䣬ַͨĵ̽һĸϢַ֪ĸ󼸸ǰġħ֮ȡʤסĸһɱ֯ͷַ˳̽һĪƵϢһħô½̫󣬶ַֻ֪ĪĪҵˣһ֪
ħô½Ŵӣ֮ԱǣνľŴӣֻĳ½ĳ̻ĳڲ
ַƣ˽ħô½ж
ħô½ҲΪ½½
½½飬ݣݺͱݣ֮ɺװ½ɽ
ַڵݣĴǣ׻ǣǣȸǡ
ÿǳǳļ壬ÿ֮¶ϽٻǧĴСɣɡÿеĽҲɣЩûκɣһ㣬һʼֻǽɣ֮ǰļΧУסǣΪļҵĸ
ݵʥźŵʥźŴֶ½ǿߡ
һ½ǿߣһרŵĻעһħô½ݣŻʥš
ַûȥİæһħô½֤
ݣǶ½һҩ
ַҲûжȤ޷Ǿǹħ汾
֮֮
ȻطַҲʱˡСѩСèϵϣĪҲϵϣں˼Լ
ҾħȥңַҲǺͷڼħֵҪ⣡
ַѡҵǽڲڣֻѡҩʦְҵ
ַȪˮʲôҩֻҪһȪˮȥ϶ҩ
ȻڼȪˮ֮ǰһҪ΢ıһȪˮҩԣñ˾
ַһضҪһ̣׼￪ҽݡ
̱µһҽݣǸƷҩʦ֪ͨԺַУеַǲ
Ʒҩʦʮ꣬Чļ壬Ҳ£ȴһ֪ðİ˽ӹܣŭ
Ȼŭǲ峤ã̵ĵڹֻ˽ӹûջĵ̡
ַһĸַĽļ󲽵ȥ
شãô
ַ̣̹㣬ÿʮƽףⷱضΣѾһСĵ̡
ȫַһøĵַ̣ѡΪ̱ҽݣһжֳɵģֻҪССĸĶͺá
ַսţһдСַк
װ޷ǳߵһÿλ߶ṩõķ񣬵ȻշѼ۸Ҳߵס
ħô½ûҽԺ˽˺ҽݣΪħô½ϵˣ϶ߡҩʦְҵ˷ǳ٣ҪΪҩʦʺ͸Ҫмߵ츳еߣΪǿҲҩʦԣҩʦĵλħô½ǳߡ
һǿߣԸȥʮǿߣҲԸȥһƷϵҩʦΪҩʦǿ߶ܹҩʦƻ߾֮ҩʦĽѷǳ㷺һ۵ҩʦ˵죬ԴͰˡ
ַ֮΢Цſŷ̨С㣬ֱӽϵļ
λС㱾ЦݣǿַеĽļˢһ°ˡ
Եȣȥ֪ͨϰ塭
һᣬһģ˹ַ粻䲻ȵĵϰϴ裬ȵŰɡ
ַ֪ϰ岻ΪԼ߸Լһ
ַĴ˵Ľҹܣڱְˣ
һ㶣ӹǹϰĵְ̣ÿˣ㶼ûʸ񡣡
ô
ֱַץ˵죬˶˳ȥˤʮԶվվ
ʱʮַΧס
һ̣ʮҲ˳ȥ
ַ罫ӹļУӴ˿̿ʼشеĶУе˴ڿʼǻشõˣʮ֮ȫȥ򣬱˲ɱ䣡
ʱ¥ĸʣַ˹
ĸʵȻ֪ʲô£Ϊ׵ʶַϰ¥롣
ַŭû˵ĻôٻĴ˵Ľ
ַ罫ϵļΪ׵ʶ˹ȥ
һļϵݣ󾪣о仰شһйַУԴ
λѾ֪ǰǵϴˡ
λɫǳĿַ硣
Եȣȥϰ塣
һʱ䣬һʮҵֺ˳ַǰǹ
ַ粻˵ͽеļ˵ϣǲĴû֪ͨҽ
ַһȫû뵽ǰ˻ôǿƣȫûнԼ
˫ð𣬡ַ磬ҵȻ֪ʼҵĵ̣ǹЧļ塭
ַ˹ĻĴ˵ĻôļЩԼ
ԱߵһҪϵļַŭȵԼ񣡡
ŭַ磬㲻Ҫ̫֣
ַһɿ˹ԹԪڵΪ϶ܲһ̣ص˦ʮĵϡ
ڵЧļ壬ĶҪӣַ羹Ȼѹɣ
ɱˡɱһĺС
ûһ˸Ҷַ֣ģǸң
ַһλᣬ֮ʱ֮⣬Ҳ뿴κһˣ˰еϣȫ죬ʱûдﵽϵҪҾţ
ַҡڵˣŴӵϼַĽӹļַʱڵϵϡ
һֱһѪĴˣôôҡ
ڶһ磬ַͳ˻شõλã˿̵ĻشãѾˡҽá
档
ʥֱȱȸ
٢
ҩڶ
ַҽſ֮ʱʮΧۣ۷׷ףַ󺰼˽ȥ
ַȥ֮󣬹һſַӭ
ַˣһжԸˣ顣
ʵַҪǳ򵥣һ¥Ӵߣ¥Ƶҩ¥ҡҩģǰе豸Ͷȫնѡ
һ¥ԵЩտַ˵Ӱʲô
ַԱߵĹԺң֤ԺԴ
һߣˣԴ㲻Ź֣
˿̣ҽſѾΧ˺üʮˣûһ˽ȥΪſڴһʾƣǽȥ֮ˣܿҪһƷʯ
һƷʯһͨߣʮһžͲˣ˭Ϊ˽ŶȥһƷʯ
֮Χۣӵĸʾƣȵͻ٢Ϲʱ紫˵֮еҽһﾹȻԲ˵ʲôʥֱȱȸ٢ֱǿǶλ˵֮裡
˵Щ˵֮еҲͰˣϸҩڶҩҩħô½һˡҩˣ
ôҩʦҩ˿ûһ˻Źַ磡
ȻַĹⰲţֻŻļĵ̣Ҳû˸£鷳ðһžҪʯʯ͹ҾͲļҽݣ
ǰ죬Χ۵˺ܶ࣬ǽˣҲûʲô⣬ҲûΧˣЩǵҽʦȻҧгݣûȥַ鷳Ϊļҵ
ʮȥûһţÿַȻţַڶ¥
ַõĶһЩе͵ȵĲϣȻ֮ȪˮĵҩֻҪϵһƶȬ
ÿ춼һſԴַ֮ǰЩϵ鶼͹Ͼϵ˲ˡÿ¹ҪļϽܶΪ˰գû⣬һҲҪʮƷʯ˰ȥû⣬壡
ʮ죬һλߣλ߽ģжʮˡ
֮һļŷŷơ
һڹ̨֮ǰ֮ŷˣɫЩÿȻ˵ˮˮ֮УÿһҶΪж
ŷҵܵļȷ˾Щ˼顣
Ϊ׵˶Թǵҽʦأ
ҼҽʦڣҲҽʦ
ļҵĹɣϵ㣬ֻһƷҩʦⲻҼҹӵĶǼĴʦⲻˣô
ŭǶԼӡ
ӹӣʦⲻ˵ĶȻûа취
Щշô
δȵʱַӶ¥߱ߴŹǷһ֮⣬û˯ѵӡ
æҽʦЩ˸յûС
ַŭǲǲˣΪʲôշѣʮˣʮƷʯһҲϣ
ǺǡλִʦɣֻҪΪǼҹӽⶾҪ˵ʮƷʯǶʮƷʯǶõó
ַûŷҵˣԹҽĵҩأһţ˵ģʮƷʯһ٣һҲˣ˯ȥˡ
ַƲôһ仰֮󣬾¥ˣ˶ڵ
ַ˵֮䣬ŷ˿ûпһۣûкŷ˵ֱŷҵˣ
ŷҵҧгݣļĵ̣ҲҶ֡
ʱóһɫľУ˹̨ϣŷ˵ҪĵҩܹʮƷʯлл
ŷҵֱ񾭴ˣʲôҲʣ˭ǻҲʣóһҩҪնʮĸƷʯ
˿̣Χ۵Ѿϰ٣ڿ̬չ
ǿôôˣˣ
ж룬թ̫ӵˣǿӵҲûôӵİɣ
ǵҽʦ˵ƵĵҩΰٲĶûпôûʵдĶôóʯɡ
ڹɲҩǼ٣ֻҪóʯԼһװڴ;Բͳȥġ
ŷΪ׵˵ҩǼٵģҾԲŹǣ
˵ţóһУ򿪺ӣһȭͷСĻɫʯռյһƬ
һ´סˣ߽һĵƷʯ
ŵҩǵĹ¡ǹ֮һǳħ֮Ѿŷҩʦûа취ˣЩ湫һȥɽģӳ£ȻҪΪᣡ


ڶ ħô½ 


301 
ʱŷҩʦ޲ߣֻʣСʱӵЩҲ̣
˵֮ʣһ˵ļһҽݣ߲һʮ𼱵Ĵӹ
ҽݵշѼ۸Щ˶мҵ
ŷ˽ӹľ֮ŭ죬ȻǸͨľУһľġ
һĵҩƵĺӣ⾹ȻҸľװģ
̣
ŷ˴򿪺ӵ֮ʱһʱӹ̨óһߴϡ
Ȼһ߸
Ϊͼʶⵤҩַ罫ƺõĵҩ֮ʱ͵͵Ĵ򿪿һ£ǵ򿪺ֱ֮ӱѬ˹ȥ֮ûгԷÿϴʮζûнϴɾ
˲ԣһ̣֪ôˡ
˺ӣһޱȵζɢռ䣬򿪺ɫһ±ɫһŻ㽫ҩ˳ȥûжŵĵҩ˵Լľҩ
˱ɫѿо綾ѾȻԣǵŵҩ֮ʱֱӱѬٴλԡ
ĸ˷˺ôŽӵ˿ҩ˽ȥ
ָ֮͹˼ˮҩ㵽θ
ûߣΪֻСʱˣҪտӣƲתôЩ˿϶͹ƴ
ʱҩ˻ôߵĻҲԣһŷ䣬һСʱһƷʯһʮƷʯôˡ
һʳ嵽ǰһʯ̨һ˦ʯǣֻҪû£ʲô˵£Ҳᣡ
Ź̨ʮƷʯüЦս˵ʲôû
֮ɫĺƤһЩɫա
һҽʦһֱڼӵ壬ʱ˷ܵľеˡˡ
ҽʦЩ״Ρ
Աһʼʣôˣôˣ
λҽʦүĶѾõѹƣѾ⣬ʱ䣬үĶͻȫ
ԣĳһޱȼ
óһŵҩܽⶾѵҽ
ЩǿǶóһʯķ˹ǰ
תִʦݶӼˡ
˵꣬һ˿ȥ
̨ʯ˷ܵĿιȥԼææһҲ׬ô࣡
˷֮࣬Щʯַģֹһſ
һ֮ڣҽݵĴǣ
ַӹ֪еǧʴĹ֮ⶾǺܿ£Լߣж֮˺ѷ֡ʱ֣ԱƳֻҪҲѾȣ
ŷĴʦ޲ߣַȴʴĹ֮һʱ룡ŷʴĹ֮Ҳȫǰлַǵһҽĳƺš
ҽһڶ죬Դ֮ҽǵһҽݣַǵһҽ
˵Ӱ
Դַ˵һ֮󣬽ǵЩǿ߶Ľݷַ磬ÿ춼Ŵʯ
Ĺַٷ֮һû֮ǰÿ춼ڰӵĹʣԴҽݵ⽥֮ʱ˷ܵĿҪҸˣ
ַ֮ǣԼ̣ٵԼҽݵˣ޲ýַ˺Ƭڣַ磬ȼ׵軹顣
ַ翴˶Щǿߣһ߸͸ַѣЩǿڶɱƴ֮У϶ٶһЩЩʱ֣ᷢΪ񣬽ĳһЩԽ⣬ЩЩǿͷʹ⣬õҩѹƣǷǳֲЩԽ⣬ַ綼һһ
ҲǱҽʦЩǿϵ⣬ЩǿߣʽۺȻ뵽ʦҩʦΪΣֻҪǮ뵽½һҩҩʦǴ߲ôǮЩ߸ϵĴʦǣ벻Բһֱ
ڣַշѺ۸񹫵ȻҲۣշѾЩ߳ܵķΧ֮ڣ
ԣַǳ𱬣ÿ춼ʮַ￴
ռʯַ˸ǳˮֵĹ֮⣬Ķˡļ˰ַһҲĵӦַ粻˰ġ
ַ𱬣ֱӰ쵽ҽݵ档һҽ׬ǮҪԴЩˣ֢ȵȣΪҶߣһСԼͿԴ
ЩǿߵһֱõҩѹƣǼҽݣһ±ַκˣ϶ûˡ
ֱַǶҽݵ·ַļˣΪļǿκ˾ɼǲԶԸַ硣
Щҽݵ˿ʼˣʼ飬ϵǵһҩʦǡ
ǲûǣҩѧϰ

ºַڵħħѾڵľ磬ķ˽İٿƷʯʮƷʯ
ַоħħһ޵׶һ㣬ַҪľǼѹʯ
⼸ڼ䣬ַ磬ַҩæĸַԼİĽ֮⣬ַװӶ
ַǱδ£ǵҲַ֪ԼԼڣַ綼˼ˡַ㣬ȵԼռʯȻһ֮
죬ַһڶ¥þħʱͨĵ
ʲô£
ɫЩÿִˣǸĴ˴ġﱻˣĴҲΪΪǳµĸɷġ
ַĪĸоһʹԼںĶİһ㡣
ˣ֪ˡ
ַľַļ嶼ʬкַ˺þãһҵ˱
屻ֳΣֳĺۼжϳɱ֮󣬱衭
ַޱ飬ҲûзŭΧ¶һ½˼ʮȣռƷ˲һĺ
ţ
ַ飬ŵȷǳĸݿɿϢŵ˱ǰȥϷһŭ֮£ţ
ҲΪŵĹӺͳ˵ĹӹϵǳãͷŶϣǺͳĹӶûʲô𡣶ֻļΧһɣļпޣļ岻ΪһССİɣΪ˼˶ȥͳĹӽ
ַȥ֮һֱڵ飬ŵΪһŮȥţô
ƯǾԲֹɫ㼶ŮŵҪŮˣʲôŮûУ
ǿϱʼȫǱΪ۷ʼʱе˶ΪӥȫǱɱģǿõŮˡ
ðһַ磬ֻʲԼӦõõŮȴ˵ȥˣҪɱַ磬ڱǿûôϡ
һıôһָʹһǳԼģ
ַͻȻļǿ֮ǰ˵ĻĹǵĺѣɱң㡭
ļǿַɱĸɸɾħ֤ݣֻỳԼԼĵĲӦûԸԼ
ѵǣ
ַҲ֪ԼĴӰ쵽ҽݵ棬ԼѾǼҽݵж
ЩҪԸԼߵô
ַһͷҪ𣬾ҪϷţԼڵʵͷſֻĵȻסܿסĻҲᱻˣ
ַֻܲµﱻںָʹǲ֪Ǹ˭
ַֻܴӷ֣Ȼģֻģ
ҹºڷߡ
һֲ
һ߶ŷŷֲźݺݵһȥ
ֱӱҳƬ
˭Ƿŵң
˸˵꣬˱һƬѪ
Ȼַǧַ֮ʱʶѾŷֲΪһڣʣʮ
Щˣ϶סַĽŲ
ַճԺʮַΧַӰһЩ˷׷״ˡ
ַ粢ɱˣǽЩ˸ˣΣʱǿ϶ȥҽƣ
һʱ䣬ַ罫ЩȫˣȻҲ˳ɱ˼ˡ
ڰ
ⲻǺڰȺڰҪ౶
ѵǡ
ʱʳ˹Ǹַܵɢ֮ʱд󾪡
ַû˵ֱʹ˰ȥһ˱ɱ˱ˡ
λڣڸַܵϵϢ֮ʱȾܣֱַơ
ַ罫ڤħûһֺڰϢ׷˹ȥ
ַסȥ·
ַ粻ʵ㿴Ϊʲôܣô£ҵΪһɱ㡣
ַչֳΪȷһĶӣڿַܡ
ɫ԰ףţѪħˣͷŹҰɣǷûеŹҰɡ
ַƣѪħ
ַͻȻ½ѪħϢѪħܺܶɱźʥǧǿɱʧ١
Ϣַ˵ûʲôãַҲû⣬ǰôϳԼѪħ
ַĵô֪Ѫħ
λڵѪħˣϵϢǺڰϢǴİϢϢֻħҵ˲ԣһѪħˡ
ַǱħһ
ַ罫ڴ˸ﳤȥ
ַںҹУȻǰҵѪħôҾðһѪħû˻ɵͷϡ
ַ紳˷ֲɱһˣһˣ˵Щˣַ罫ħֵǵ
ħֵİƻǳǿֻùѹƣһʱ޷ڲħƳħַҽݿҽ⣬˿¶Ϊ
˼ҷŷֲַֽĿ˳ʮɣȻַѡЩȽСɣûϸֵɣЩɵɱһ룬һ롭
ڶ죬ѪħҵϢÿһ䣬ڵһʱÿȫѰѪħ
ڶ賿ַ绹˯֮УͱĽк
ֵ𴲴ҽݵţ֮󣬿澹ȻмʮŶӡ
ŶӵЩˣǹﲻˣЩ˵·϶гı־
ÿ϶쳣ʹ࣬һЩȱ첲ȵڵ̧š
Զд߸
һˣ۾ð˽⣬һ˯ȫޣ
Ÿմ򿪣Щ˶͵ĳ˽ȥѹײڵء
ҽأ
Ҫƣҽ
ٲҽݣ

һʱ䣬ＷˣɷŭҽͿƲס


302 Ѫħ
ȻЩǰҽݵ˿϶ַ˵ˣǰڣʣЩ֮µ˶棬ûЩǿߵǲҽЩǿҽϣǲܽ
˭˵Ҫҵҽݣ
ַŹǷһ˯£ƵĴ¥
ҽЩ˶ˣҽҽʦ޷ƣҽΪΡ
˵λһλڣǰ˵ҽݵˡ
ַߵǰž˵Ҫҵҽݰɣ
ַĿȫһ־Ӹµ̬ȣзǳˬǿӲĵôһ·ϣȥ˶ҽݣ֮ܽеħӰǵҽݶˣ㲻Ϊҽⶾҽݣ
ûַ֪ǼƷҩʦҩʦᣬûַϣЩǿƽʱ߸ϣַ翪ҽκǿߵľɼҲֻţûô⡣ǳˣ϶ļһΧС
λҩʦȻЩʦĴͳߵˣЩ˵ݺ͵λĴ峤ͳҪӣȻ־һˡ֮пҽݵˣ඼ƷƷҩʦ֮䡣
ûΪַһλʦȻַҲʲôʦַо½Ŵҩ֮һȪˮȪˮκβʹκƶκã
ַ絭ĶеĵҴӴҵϿһ˰ġħħ˶ʱ䡣Ȼ˵ЩħЩѶȣұ˿
ַĻ˶һҽҽֻǿɫ֪ʲôˣҽݵҽʦŪ˰Ųȷжʲôơ
˶ооˡ
ַ绰һתһǿ飬ˣʲô˵ǸǮҿû˸Ǯȥ鲻õʱҾû鿴ģ˭һƷϵʯҲûκȤ
ַɫһ˯˯ĺúõģҹ˴鱾ͲãҲˣˣϾҽ߸ĸģ˾ϵۣ鲻ҲҪΪΡڣ˵Ҫҵҽݣôһô˰ˣ׼һ£һ֮ڣҲκβǶذɡ
ǿߵһ¶ˣĿ׷ת˵˼ҽݵڡ
㻹ҽǸ
ɹغ˵ҽǸɣ
Աߵ˶ȰλڸַǸȻܶ˶⣬ЩЦĳɷڡ
ɫͨ죬ǸһļһΧСҽݵҽʦǸԼǸˣԺô̧ͷˣ
ȫûʶԣַŭ鲻ǰɣǰɣ㲻ˣҽݣɱ㣡
ַȫλڵĻһӣŶȣǳ۾ðҽҲңЩǲҲɱħֲһܽȥܲǵҩʦ϶ҩȥҩһˣһ˾ͿΪǽⶾ
ΪҲô
λһ³嵽ַǰץסַ콫ַץ
ַ治ɫЦţҪɱɱɣɱңȫ
ǿ߶оַϢޣΪǳͣ󾪣ַһСı
ļλǿ߷׷״ȣҽʦ
ɱҽʦ˭ƣ

һЦַ磬ַԼӱ飬ҧгݣڶǿߵĿ֮£ֻܷſַ硣ַ綯֣Щ˿϶ԥɱ
ַϣĵħʴҵҶܰɣҿΪħһδεвңɱңʼ˵Ҫҵĵ꣬ҵǸĻһд˲С˹ˡȴɱңΪħҸұ֤ԺԸңԡҲ뿴ˣڲ룬ԺҲ룬ҵ˼ô
һ⣬ҽǸƲ磬Ըһ𱬣ֻļ˵ҵ֮ҲӲ˵Ҫɱַ硣ַȴҪԷأַ绰˵ĺԣǽǰЩǿߵȥɱ
ɱˣҾλƣɱûΣ
ʼǿߵĿţ˶ӿΧ
ǡҪʲô
ʲôǺǣҽ㻹ɱҽ֪ҽһЩȫҪ㲻뺦ô
ǡ
һϡ
ҶˣʮڵΧ֮£Ӿ촦ҽԶŵˣҲһȺǿ߰Χ¾ɱĸɸɾ
ҽˣǶɱˡ
ַ絭ĵʵǽɱһ˾ͺˣ˺ģɱңûɱҡˡ

ҪǵڵħһĵҩģҵĶطҲ˵ұ˱ΪˣΪˣֻҪһǾʯǵΪԽߣҪʯƷҲԽߡΪûƷϵʯǲеģΪûƷʯǲеģûи߽ʯ޷ڵħ
ƷϵʯЩڻеģЩڻʮϰʱģеˣеڱ֮ڡ
ַʨӴ󿪿ڣЩҲֻó˼ҽʯΪˣ
ϻȥʯ
Ҳȥ
ҽȸưɣҵʯҵĿռָá
ѾóƷʯ
ǽʯһˮʯ
ȹ¡
ַֽˮʯְסǸڵš
˿ַ֮еʯڿٵļ٣ͬʱλڵħҲѸٵš
һӹַϵʯѾʧλڵħҲ
ַĨѶͷ϶ĺˮʵоô
ùоһ£ϲͼħȫûˣллҽллҽ
ֲַ˲Ϣһ£̫ˡ
ַʴҪƷʯʱ˻ַǽƣڿַȷʯħЩΪԼ뷨ЩΡ
һƷʯһھǿߣûмʱղģҽһӾûˣʯʧڵħҲʧô˫۾ڿţ
ַʵʹɣʯħô˿ţַһ˲͸㶨ˣַӵһʱ䣬Ȼװͷ󺹣ǳӡ
ҽ棿
ַҽ߸ĸģҲյģƷʯͺá
λЩΪѣʱûô࡭
ַæû£ʲôʱˣɡ
һ󼤶лҽ
Ҳжַ۸˼֣ҲôѪ顣
ַѹŸ߽ʯʱƣǰҽݵԽԽ࣬ÿ˶ԹԵάû˸ﵷҡ
ǿߣַҪһƷʯʺʮƷʯ
һַѹʮƷʯǧƷʯ
æһ죬ַνǴգڵһħֵѾľ硣
죬ַֹʼʩǼƣֹ֮죬ֲַȵ㣬Ȼּ
һʱңʼʱѪħԸĶǳǷźͻţֲȫѪħݻ٣˱ɱ⣡ѪħעַĴĵ̡
ɳɱѪħǡѪħӰȥ٣޼Ѱ
ȻɳĶǿߣΪѪħɱĶΧһЩɣûӰ쵽ĺԣҲһֻ۱һֻۣЩųͷΪɳԵͷ
һʱ䣬Ļ̻̣ȻһЩûǿѹСɡ
ַ󷢺ƣַһħֵڵԲľ硣
ٶȥַ籣֤һʱ䣬ַΪͿԵʴԲ
ϣַȥڰ·һǿ߶ס
ַ֪Լ˸٣ǽ˻ĽҰ⡣
һصɽͷַͣ˽Ų
վ֮⣬棬Ϣǳǿ
˵Ŀһַ磬ʲôˣΪðҵɱˣ
ַһ㶣ȻԷαװЩϤζ
ַҲαװһλߣȻ³ɣѪħ
Ǳħ㵽ʲôˣ
ַһֱðѪħɱˣû뵽ὫѪħ
ַ˭ҪұҲǽɱˣΪѪħѣҴûð㣡
ôðһôڣ
ѪħгһѪɫĳһһĺڰϢַ˹
Ѫħ
ַһ۾ϳѪħеҲ֪ǰѪħ˭ˡ
ѪħĪƣ
ַ粢ûнҴҪֵܵΪڵжǿ
һڰħĪϰ취Ѫħһռıħ֣Ѫħһַķ˹
һƼ򵥣Ѫħ֮еɱ¾Ϣһ˸ܲסĪϵİӴѾﵽԲľ磡
ɱ
ַɱĪƵĹ˹ȥһ룬ĪƵȫƬ
ַޱƣһʱԼһкڰߡ
ĪƵĹַû˿á
Ī˲סԼĹȻ޷˺ַֺ
ַܵڵһɹϤĸоĪĵס
㵽˭
ַĪңң˶ûн
˵أܡ
ַûԼԭ
硭
Īƿַ֮˺ȥϵַ˹ȥ
ֵıһ𡭡
һ֮أַǬóƿþƣֵ
ַ罫淢¼򵥵ĸĪƣĪǳĸ̾
֮ĪҲ˵˵Լľ
ĪƱħô½ĪƻصˡšԼļĪҡͨϣ֮Īƣŵĸ߲ĪƽҲΪص֣ĪҲĽţΪĵӡ
䵱һսַѪħѪħѡĪƻصħô½֮ΪѪħĪѪħѪѣĪƵõѪħУ
ĪΪ֮󣬻ŵ֮еһ֣ȡλãһʱͷ
ѪħѪ֮ĪƻѪħ֮Ѫħ󷨣˰
һʲ֮ʱƾĪôȥغڵİǱųϷ֣ȷĪѪħݣ
֮ĪƵĹϣﱻ٣־žϣֱӱΣĪĪҵˣĪ֮ҲзǳߵĵλҲûȨɱĪƣǽϳĪƽĪңĪɱĪơ
ĪҵڲɱĪƣǽŵѹ˾֮ɱĪƣ
ĪƵַڵŰսѰ֮ʱôȪˮĪƵĹȻϳȪˮĪƵָֻ
η֮ڣĪѪħ󷨣ĪѪħֻһ޽չǹ֮󣬰ԭûκγͻĪֻ˼ʱʱ㣡


303 춾֮
֮ĪӳĪҵΣĪҵɱĪƣĪƺɱ赲Լȥ·ˣӳĪҡ
֮ĪһɱܲţλΧ֮£ĪˣʹáѪݡܡ
źʥŷͨͨ£Ѫħ
ĪӵʲôطڲɱѪħչһɱֿ֮ʼ
֮⼸Īһֱ·
Īӵ֮󣬻ûվסţͷﵽѪħɱˣ
ĪƷǳƣĴЩϢܿõ֤ʵѪħÿ춼ִһݻһɡ
Īưе飬ЩѪħ˵ǿǶһҽˣĪҽݸ֮ڿһߴҽݸĽܳ͸ߡ
ԭַ磡
Ī޴ȥַõŵص㣬ַĪҲܳΪַİ֡
Īƾַ
ڣַҪȥһ£ԼһЩΣգڼĪƣ˾԰ٷְٻɹ
ַϮܲץסĹӣ
ַܲʶѾ̽ʵ
һλڣʮλʣٶ
֮ǰܲûô֣£ŷֲ̱٣ʣɢԱȫܲ
ܲǼ豸ַʶҲ̽λʶܲ
ЩַĪûõģַĪ˾ûдȥ͵Ϯǹɱȥ
ַǧ񹦽ӻûĪһģһȻĪƵò½˶֪ҪɱˣûбҪȥαװ
ֱӺ˷ܲĴţ˴Ժ
˳ЩַĪ˵ûһв
˵ӰȺ֮дǺ˵ʬ塣
ַʶ֮£ûһߣ
һӵʱ䣬ٶɱһɶ
ʮλʣַ翪ɱ򣬽ǣƣĪƵİɱ¾ƺɱȫϣ
ַĪϵķǳĬ˶ٶɱˣ
ַɱڤħٶȣֻҪַĸߣ˻ûзӦͻ
֮ʮλѾȫ
Īƣλȶסȥ׷һˣ
ַ绰䣬ڤħһѾ˼ǧ֮⣬ܵһʶס
Ƿͼǿ
̰ǹ£
ǽ˲ɱǣ֮£ʻûг֣͵ȥ
ѪħˡɱҡɱҡҰɡͼǿŵĻ겻壬ġ
ͼǿĽʪһƬַ绹û˵ʲôأһŵƨΪŵûַǲм
㣿֮ʱˡˣ
ͼǿȻ֪ΪʲôѪħԸˣô벻ͨѪħôйϵ
ҰɣѪħˣʲô㡭
ã
ַûȤͼǿϻֱļ䣬֮һƬѪ
Ϊ㱨ˣģȻƼˮ꣬ʼһйصκˣҶŹ
ַͼǿļ˽⵽ǷŵϲɷŽġɷŲǳΧҲǳӶ¡
ַɱͼǿĪƵķȥ
Īƺѽѷ֣ǷŵͼԪոͻûмꡣʮǰҲֻǳΧһСɣͨŬƴҲվסŸԴͼԪͻ֮ɵҲڳΧ֮ӱףͼԪţ˼꣬ɾͽΧ
ǰãűѪħϣֲ٣ͼԪѪһѪħɱܲͼԪ֪ԼѾ죡
Ѫħ֮ͼԪ֣Ѫħǳǿ󣬶ѪħΪڴԲû֮еô
˹а࣬ͼԪĪƴ˸ƽ֣ͼԪߣĪƽŹĺڰɱ¾ϢͼԪ˷ģͼԪһʱ֮޷
ͼԪģֻҪѪħɱԼսȥɵ˹ʱѪħѷɣֻҪԼɱѪħѾһԼƾΪҲܻ֮ڣ
ͼԪС֮ʱһѪħͻȻսȦǿİɱ¾ͼԪһĲ
ôѪħ

ڤħһַѾͼԪͼԪĪƵǣ֮£޷ַһ֮˲ոͼԪ
ַĪ֮ʧããҹ֮С
ڶ죬ѪħŵϢÿ䡣ȻַĪ˹˼ڣЩڶǷŶ˲ˮˣЩˣǹɢϢġ
γЩ΢ŭɳ˼ѰѪħټ
ַĪҽݣ֪ķȹ
ַþħһЩεĪʹãħǾ½һֻ֡ҪǾħƵĵҩɹʰٷ֮٣ֻҪ֮аҩ֮ϵĲȥƣʧܡ
ȻַƷЩɬЩ׾ֻǻʱöѣǽε˳
ڻε֮£ûϳĪƾѪħڹʣַ˵ĪԼҽݵĸַ֣֣Ϲһ
ѾȫѪħĴҲ׷ײɱѪħʮȥˣûҵѪħټģȾҲȥˣٴƽ
ʱƣҽݵԽԽ󣬽Ĵǣӡ
ǿҲĽǰݷַ磬Ȼҽݵǿ߶֮£ûһǿߡ
ҽȻճ죬ЩĴûз֮У϶и߽ҽʦߴʦ򣬸ûһССҽݡ
죬ַҽҽ壬ȻڡթʯһЦ
ʥֱȱȸ٢ҩڶ
ǿ
ַȥһλ׷ԲԵߣߺ׷ͯգȫɢ΢΢ŭ⣻ߵұһʮСŮСŮһ£̬ɫ԰ףһв֮ࡣ
ַʶ֪ĴɨԲǿߣ
ַ߱ȭ΢΢һЦǰΪ˵ҿ
Ц٢ͱȵϹҽҩҩˣѾһʦ֮磬㾹Ȼ˵ҩڶѵǵһɣѵô
ַ絭Цţ˵ģǸƾ£ҿҲпıǮҲûл٢ͱȵλϹҽȻ޴濼֤ҩҩ˶ҲĻǰұԣ
ַĶ˵ĻӵĿ
ŭЦãһƾ£ϷһŮ֢Ϸ߱½ݷҽˣ޷ҽ⺢ӵĲ֢ҩҩҲݷù޹κ⺢ӵĲ֢ϷȻҩҩǿβãǺǣϷ򲻵ҪݣϷ򻹻ɱˣЩҡײƭ֮ͽɱһɶ
֮λҽרƸ֢ݷҽû뵽νҽȻǿҽݵͨҽʦҪߣȴҽݵĶŭ
ԳһĻ
룡
߸Ů˴ãߵǰԵȣΪ⼸λƺΪŮơ
ߴŭʲôݣʲôݣ㾹ȻᲢۣ
ַ絭Цǰϱ˵ϵΪѾ𾳽磬ľ֮߷ǳܱȣôܶôСأƤãԳθá
˫Ŀ˵ʲô
ַŹ˵ҽ߸ĸģҵֻвˣûʲôݵλ֣֮⼸λѾŶ˺ܾãǰһҪӿҵĹأҵĵ̣һж˵㡭
һȴôʱ䣬㲻һҽݴʧ
ַ֪ߵͷܴҪȻͲļĵϽļ̵ĳӡ
ǰ͵š
ַɲһףԽвӣƫƫһߣ
ַΪǰ漸λƣʱ͸㶨ˣַʱ䣬һֱӵϡ
λߵȵҧгݣַԸȴ˵ϺõĲˮ͵дߣʲôȻԱߵСŮˮ͵ġ
ҹʮ㣬ַŽ֮еĻϣʱԹȳԷ극ϰ࡭
߷ζըˣַֻܿ͹ĪƳԴͣԼɰͰ͵ĵȴš
ַڳԱ㣬˼ãƵߡ
ˣǰڸˡ
ҧгݣãҵҪʲô£ûб£ɱ㣡
ַһˮСŮСãŵĵĺóٳԸƻ
СŮˮ˲䣬ְַסŮţֻ˲ʱ䣬˿ֻǿַŮˮûзַб춯
Сãʲô֣
ҽк¡ŮЩ䡣
ţãҽַ磬Խַ硣
ûи硣µô䡣
´ȥ档
µ֣˦Ķַַ磬ʲô͵ҵ˵ɣҲûرܣԼ״Լ
ַȻѾͷôֻе䣬ԸͲʮСѾͷ
ַߵǰǡ춾֮塯Ķ֮岻ģڵ֮Լ޷ơ³һ̣ͻᱻԼڵĶɱЩһǿѹڵĶءǣź½ڵĶԽԽ࣬ԽԽѾѹƲסֻˡ
ַĻ𾪲ѣ⻰ҩҩ˵ļһģһҩ˵Ϊϲ֮ʱʮְ취飬ȷ˺״ǰλҽֻǿ˼ۺ£ûϣͽ˵ô
ĵû´ӳһ̾ͱ춾֮壬ǲĶ֮塭֮һֱùѹźڵĶأЩһֱѰҽ߱½ҽ޲ߣҩҩҲΪҲһԣҲûбʲôϣû뵽ҽһҽ
ҽִʦǰʧִ֮ʦ
ַǺһЦ֪߲ǰɷҵġ
˿̣Ѿַĵλڵ˺ҩҩһĵλһҽʦ߾õǸûʲôס
ִʦҽµ壬ûеΡʱһͼеĿַ硣
ַ˼߶üͷ塣
ַҲ֪ʲôַ̽ⲡ飬Сٻַ춾֮塣
ڣСٻҲ֪ʲô취ȥ֢״
ȪˮأѵҲûôַ缱æСٻ


304 
СٻȪˮǾ½Ŵҩ֮һ϶ԾȺ£ǺºȪˮĻڵĶȫᱻʱͻһͨˣ춾֮ľʾ˷ˣ
춾֮壬Ǳ壬ΪֲĴڣ춾֮ٶ֣Ϊ񾳽֮󣬿򶾣öˣһ½ˣ
ַ絭ĵǰҿԾȺ£ҾĻͻʧȥ춾֮壡ΪһͨһӣȻҲѹڵĶأÿһ¾ҪΪѹһΣҪѹƣ޲ȥѹƵĻֻᷴ¾ͻ
ԣмѣãҽֻҪܾ⺢ӾͺãһͨҲãϷлˣһƷʯ¡
ַ۾һȻǿߣһ־һƷʯ
ʱҲҪͨˣҪǿߣүүһǿߣҪΪְ豨𣡣
ʱ³嵽ַߣץסַַ֣磬ҲҪͨˣҪκҵĶ֮壬ҪΪʥĳǿߣҪѺҸĸ˶
µ￪ʼǿ֮޵ķŭͳޣ
һʲôĳޣһʮһСŮȥܣ
ַס˺µ˫֣ãģһκ壬Ϊһλǿߣ
صĵ˵ͷ۸м֮⡣
Щεҡҡͷ˵ʲô⶯˼£û˵
ַʱµϸķڵĶ岻ȫں£춾壬֮д֮Ϊһٶ֣ҿʩɱΡǧǰһҽ졯öħô½ͳǳأֻ֮һ½ɱǿˡ춾֮壡ҵˣܽµ⡣
ȻλСٻַģַ߰ߡ
ЩʧǼǧǰʹڵˣ֪Ϸȥδҡ
ַԺڵʣκҩ޷ȫҽΣֻҶ·ҿԸָһ·򶾹ȡȻ򶾹ȵʲôطҲֻ֪֪Ƕĵ̡
ֻˡҽϷһ¡
ʲô£ǰ˵
µҲֻмˣ㷽˵а취ѹƺڵĶأҪѹһΡôȥҶ죬ҵŮ¾Ͱҽչˡ
ַһ㶣ǰʵһ㶼ȫҵĵ˷ǳ࣬ʱ̶Σգ½ңЩġ
߳Цкݺħô½꣬СӸͲһͨˣΪҶصķǳ𶼲ᱣһСŮô
ַһħô½ʮǿ֮һߣ
кװЦⶼǶǰˣħô½ǿ߱ǰʮŲϰɣ¾ͽˡ
ַ룬ðɣֻҪǰʮƷʯҾʹչˡ
ַʨӴ󿪿ڣкײħô½ʮǿ֮һĻַ϶ҪôࡣȻһλǿߣϵıһǳ࣬Ҫ㣬ôԵԼ
кִЦСôθڣʮƷʯûУУȫļҵ
˵߽꣬ľˮƷʯַ
ô󷽣ȫļҵңҲ˵߶ԺµĹĺ簮
кײƴַ֣ҲЦɡ
ַԴζĵϲֻնô
ǺǣҵҵطֻҪ³£ҵһʱϹҲô
ǺðɣһὫչ˵ĺúõġҸǰһʱ䡣
ôʯһʱ̫٣꣡һҵ򶾹ȣкҲûһҵ򶾹ȡ
£үүҪˣҪԹԵĺַһ𡣡
·ǳµĵ˵ͷүүģһַദĺܺõģַκ鷳
үүˡ
үүء
ַ翴һһ㶵ģ²ʮֵ꣬侲Ѿ˳ˣ
ַЩ棬µϵ׷ʲô
кˣµ˫֮һ˿ᣬûбֳǽͷŤһߣǳ侲֪ʲô
£
š
·ǳĹɣߵַǰ
Ϊѹ֮Ҫ׼ȫɣܷġ
šصĵ˵ͷھ֮󣬺µЩ΢΢Ĳ
ַͺ¾ַȪˮѹźڵ֮
˵ѹƣʵµ֮֮Ķԣ֮ĶԻǲΣµ֮ٴΣ֮ʱһαɣһ¾Ͳ¡
Сʱַ֮Žڵ֮ѹ
ַ磬Ϊʲôûиоʹ࣬ˬȫǳ̹
ʱϲɫѾʧϸֳĺ
ַ粻⣬ŶʹࣿΪʲôҪʹࣿ
µַ磬СʱүүΪѹƶصʱҲоʹֻ࣬ǱȽѡڵĶԽԽ࣬ÿүүѹڶ֮ʱҾ͸оʹ࣬ԴҰ꣬үүÿѹƣҶʹһ꣬ʹ࣬Ҹ޷ܣÿүүΪѹƣҶʹιȥιȥֻ֮ᱻʹʹ
˵˵ţ֮гֲĿ־塭
ÿүүѹƶصʱҶɱҲˣ˭Ұְ豨𣡶үүΪ˸ְ豨Ѿ𣬴޽˼ˣүүһ뽫ҵκá
ƣַҲΪַҲףΪʲôкô󷽽ƷʯԼˣΪкҲûˡ
µĻַһĪַۡҲжϳÿк׺ѹ֮ʱǿѹƣк׵ĹͶ֮Կµսսµһһôܳܵˣ
ַ罫§ڻ£İɣһ취κ壡
ţµ˫֮εĹâ
Ϊѹ֮֮󣬺·ǳַۣ˯ַ翪ʼƷʯ
ƷʯЩƷʯܱģȻ˵ʮƷʯһƷʯǵȼ۵ģֻǵλ㣬Щ˺ͲŻΪ˷˶ãʵ֮У˭óʮƷʯһƷʯû˻
ҪϳһƷʯҪƷʯҪʦϵҩʦɹʵ͵Ŀֻаٷ֮ʮҡ
ħһħƷʯ֮ħֵ߷ʴԲľ磡˿̣һħֵĴСҲʧȥ˽֮һ
һи㶨ַϢ
ϣַͺһ˯ţַ¾һСԼһˣС˯һûʲôϵ
˯ĺַҲѵ·˱ѡ
ѣˣǳСĶַ磬ҿԱ˯ô
Ŷ
µСÿ춼Ǳүү˯ģһ˯Һ¡
Ŷðɣ뱧ͱɡ
һСӣҲûʲô
ڶַ֮緢Լĳλźµ塭
ַͷߣһƣ𴲡
ո´ĳλûȥʱˣַĳλַһȻεĿź¡
һЦʹЦѡ
ַĶӡ
ºַʽˡͬӡûа취¥䣬ַ簲źסԼڣǺ²ϣҪַ˯һ
ַǳ֮󣬺ǿӦ
ǵһϣҹÿַţ־Ŀַ硣
ַտţһ˵ַ绳磬һ˺¡
ַͺͬһҡ
ַҽݵܺãҲǳҽַæȼǮۿĹҪǿࡣ
ƽַĪٴڶ죬ַַơ
ַ֮ҲûʲôȤˣյƷƷʯħֵĴ߷ûʲôãƷʯҲǳСôַֻܴƷʯˣƷʯϡ䱦ֻЩУЩַĿǰǵﲻġ
ǣַĪư֣
ַıɷ֮£ɱıʹ
ַĪռɷŵϣռķǳǵ֮˵һˡ
һɣĴɣɷһɡʮʸǧˣڸٶ࣬ʮ
ַĪȥҳӣûȥ˾͹ˡ
ַͼǿļ֮ѰõϢҵͼǿǺɷһʡ
ϢɴС׶ˣַ翪ʼˡ˺ܿ鵽˵Ϣ
ǺɷһССͳ죬һٶӡ
ַĪƺܿ춢𣬶죬޴֡
죬˼ȥһߵưɺȾƣַĪڴ˻ᡣ
ȥϴּ֮ʱַĪƳ˽ȥ˽ϴּ˴Σֱɱַļ䡣
֪ǳߵĶӶԽķǳ򵥣ȥȻָʾҲֻȥûκԭ
ΪҪַļǿǰ˵ĻֵܺͶǺѣ
ǳĶӿ϶û¸ȥļһΧСɡп϶ԭ
ʱַģǲѾԼԲŶԸԼߵˣҪԸԼĻȫļԸ
ַ벻ˣĪҲ벻ס
ַΪºͷַۣĪ׽סǶÿ춼ڳڣַĪ޴֡
ʱַյһ˵Ҫٿҽʦᡣ
˴ҽʦǵһҩʦ֡
ҩĵӣҲҩҩĹھǻ̽ףջ죬֮ڸҽݵҽʦǰҽݵ˵˺ǡ
ǵҽʦһֱԸַ磬Ϊַļˣһֱҳ֣ЩǵҩʦЩͨҽʦ֮һˡΪַĴڲûӰ쵽ǵ档
κǻҽʦڵȵ˿ԶԸַˣһҩĵӣ֮ǰҲǿҽݵģҩٰġҩ䡯֮һٶΪҩĵӡ
ǻ˵ĴҽʦżЩҽʦЩ߸ϵҩʦµĵһˣ
׿ҩݲ˵ǻһݣǾǳ
ҽʦ߿࣬ǳŭ˾Ȼǵĵҽݵ⣡
Ҳҽݣҽݴ֮ϵǸ
ǿ˶֮ŭ죡ΪǵһΪҩĵӣҩҩˣ
ǱȥҹܣԼݺ͵λƦåΪԼомҩʦĸ߰
дҽݵַȷЩ£ڵͷճ죬Ըҩʦ϶ҪҩҵֻҪȻͿ˳ɱ
ԣǾٰһҽҩᣬҪĻַ磡


305 
ҽҩʮ֮Угҩʦȫμӡ
ַ͸㲻ˣΪ˶ԸԼҪôųô
յַ֮ĪƷͷжȥ˽ҽҩ
Ǻҽʦҽҩᣬؽҩҩʦ䶫ʦΪ֤ˡ
ַǳųžˣĪƺͺ¿ַӣȥһ١
ĪƵôˣ磬ǰʱȫԲܣˮڣ̫ǿǵס˿һ֮İ취ûУܣǺǡʥˣҲԴŴҰȫ뿪
ַĳıʹһûоǲߵġҽʦҲûô򵥣ֻǳġУǿҽôʱ䣬ҽ⣬ҽʦû鷳һҲǳ֣бһֱһô㲻һֻεľںٿһУҸоֻǵӶѡ
Ī磬ǳħô½ħô½ϵĺܶ鶼סҴ磬ôһöûСǣ˵ˣھһССҽʦǿںվסţĵĻҽݿҵûһͻᱻˡ˵㣬ȫһ͵Ľɫ
ڳǿҽݵҽʦ֮⣬˸û㣡ЩҽݵҽʦҲûʲôͣһЩҩʦµҽʦŻῪҽ׬Ǯ˵ˣҲһЩ͵Ľɫǵıû֧ЩҽʦҲһЩ帽С֧ǡڱûȥ㣬Щҽʦ⣬ҲֻֻҪûЩеˣû˻Ըġ
£ǺǡһСɵĸħô½̫ˣħô½ÿ춼ٻǧСɸǧС𡭡Щһ˵һ仰;һСɵˣЩС¶ǳСģûһСɸҵ֮еˣǳӵһ仰ͱˡ
磬Ҳ˵ļ֮ǰ˵ͳĹӶЩ顣Ҿٸӣļǿˣô£Ŀ϶˵ֻ˵ǱħȺɱˣͱš
е˶ˣ˻ֻҪһĻɣͱˣҪȥ飬ҲҪ֤ݣһССļΧһɣ˵Ͳһֻô򵥡Ҳһ仰顣˭ˣ˭ûбɱЩҲȥģûбҪȥһֻϣ
ƶϵû︲Ϊԭ򣡡
ҽҩᣬҪԵĸͲǴ㣡ƶϣǴ˴λҲǻؼ̽ףǴҩѧɹҩĵӣûдﵽʦΪĻǲ뿪ҩ벽ҽҩᣬҩӵٰ죬ҩĴʦҩʦμӣҩʦֲܲҩӣҲµûһٻҩʦΪǵһҩʦ㣬ǸûаֻҽſڵǸǺҩڶȫǶҩ裬ΪҩĵӣǻŹô
ȻںҲһֻϣԺڵݣ϶Ը㣬ԣ˳ҽҩὫȥԽ֮ޣ
磬룬ҽҩᣬǵҽʦǶӻԾĹ㳡мǧҽʦŶӱǾ㲻ȥԸ
ַǳĪƵƶϣĪƶϵۡ
ĪĪҵĹӣݱҲǷǳЩҵĹӣȻһ˿ɱȡ

죬ҽˣһȲӢһȥʮҵĸˣ˾Ȼһλת
˸սţܶ˶׷ÿǳĵͷ
ַ翴͵ƲͷĹӭ˹
ϲ
΢ЦĿַ磬ǳƣ֮ȴһλ߿λߵĹâ
ҽӦʶҰɣ
ַͷҲ΢ЦĿֱ꣬ߵĹӣǣ˭ʶ
ǺǣԴҽǣҽݵɶҽˡ
ַ絭ĵιӣʲôֱ˵没˷ǳ࣬Һæġ
һ˼ǳ϶Ǵ˳˶̵ģλ٣ַԶǳ˼ףҺæ¾˵ûʱ㣡
΢ŭŭַ磬󵨣Ƕδˣ㾹Ȼֱӣʲôݣ
ַ統ʲãŭλŭ󵨣Һ˵㾹ȻҲ죡
λһ¸ҭסˣû뵽һССҽʦȻԼСС
Ҫŭæȣ£
ԹԵվһߡ
Ҳûɴ˿ɼַҲһˣȻǼ򵥵ļԻ֮˿Լַ羹Ȼֱӣ
˴ͷ
һַһͷˣȫַںԼͬһλ֮ϡ
ҽʦǲǵÿʮ죬ﹺҩÿζʮϡ
ַ¸һ㱨£ȷÿ¶һͻһٿҩ
ҩ£ȫǹַҲû£νҩȻַЩе͵ҩļӵȪˮƵޱȵĵҩ
ʵַ粻ܸʲôβˣõҩֻҩĳɷݶǧֲͬĵеȲҩȪˮƶɡ
ϿÿҩĳɷݶһʵЧһģȻֻȪˮзǳЧãĳɷݣֻǺ˶ѡ
ҩģЧܲ˵Ҹٶǰһλǿߴս¾ɼ޷ȫÿηʹѵҩĴʦǶΪһЩҩ֮󣬿ʼ˼ţȻеЧãѾ˼ٿţҸ׵ľɼѾȫȬ
ַȻ¡
ԣлģ¡
ַݹһµС
ַһһƷʯַû˿仯ȶǬ
ȻƷʯЩж챦ǿ߿֮󶼻ἤѡҽ֮һ㷴ӦûУʲô˵һЩ׵ĻûУֱ£
ѵҽĶôߣȻܣֻ˵Ʒʯˡ
ַˣιӻʲô£ֱ˵
ַ֪Լֻелô򵥣Ϊǵﹺҩ˸֪顣ûбҪҽݣַлһƷʯôص϶Լ¡
ߣȳȥһ£Һҽ̸ݲκ֪ô
Ǵˡ
ַʯѾҽЩӦסЩӣҽڿţûκ鷳ҸЩ۵˴кģȻЩ£ûҰæҽҲнİ취Ҳա
ַףΪʲôû˸Լ鷳ˣԭλԼ
Ҿֱ˵ˣܵǣ
ַɵЦǺǣι˵Ц˰ɣҽҩᣬҩʦսѵ˵Ӯλʦô˵Ӯλʦôι̫߿ˡ
Ҹ߿㣬Ҿһ£ƵҩµҩʦʲôԭҸ׵ľɼҩҩ˶Ϊȴĵҩͺˣһ׾ٵĴλҩʦͺǣ
ǵȷλ˲ţڰǰҩٰġҩ䡯֮ϣһٶҩĵӡʱ򺫷ǲʮ꣬ǸƷҩʦҩѧϰ˰꣬ھԳҩʦΣôĵľҽҩᣬҩĴʦΪ֤ˣȻҩҩʦǰҩʦΪǵһˣ룬ûаգôţսλҩʦô
Ĵ壬ÿ嶼һλҩʦ򣬶ǳҲһλҩʦǾȻһսλʦ϶аٷְٵİŸô
ַ粻ʵ֪⺫Ƕιӵı磬ǳΪǵһˣֻкôûлȴҪԸı磬㣬Ҳס
ɫһҽЩ㻹ǲҪ֪ĺáֻҪҴܺǣ㲻ΪǵҩĵһˣһһƷʯ
Ʒʯַ۾һãҴӦ㡣Ҫ֪ԭί֪࣬ұҶ֪
ͬһϵˣôҾ͸ɡǲҵı磬ͬĸ׸磡
ַ𾪵һ£ʵĿŶŶ
Ҹ׵ĵһӣҸסʱ꣬ʱ򻹽жηǡһλӵıѣҸһŭ֮Ҫɱʱǵľ˾˼ʱ֣ס˺һ֮󺫷ǵľ˾˺ǡ
ڰǰǳΪҩĵ֮Ҹ׺ͺǸϣûʲôҺͺǵĹϵǳãĴڲӰ쵽ҵĵλǴǸ֮ҲòϣֳԶԶĳԽҡҸ׶ԺǷǳءҶԺ˵ֻҪΪǵһҩʦγλӾģ
κǻҼǡ֮ѾȻ޴棬Ѿ¶Ŀҵҵ˵Զǳһȡλã
ҽҩ֮ϻҩʦΪҩһˣҸһŵԣ֮󣬺һҸϾɱԣҽΣһҪң
ַ粻ɫЦţιӣģһ㡣ʶιһ¡
ʲô£ҽ˵
ǲģֱַ˳
ַ֪Լ˶˺ǣŭ˺ǣַܺùôʱ򺫷һԸԼһӲţɱǣһƵַϣ
ַҪ£ڲ˵ʲôԼûд֮ܺǰԲԼ˺Ƥ
ǣҽϢͨġ£ҷǳǸʱҸ֪ҽˣ֪ҽδŮС㡣һҽһӸѡּƷŮҽѡ
˵ַ꣬һ㶮á
ˣιӵˡַɹ΢ЦֻļΧһССİɣӰ쵽ιӵ档ֻ֪ιΪҪ˭öι֮ġ
ŶɫЩÿǺǡҽԱСŮˣ϶ǣҽˣ벻ŮһģͱСĶ飬ҾҲǼٵİɣ˵ûɣ
ַ絭ĵ˵ûҺͱС㵱Ǽٵģû뵽ιӻ˼Ҳ֪


306 ҽҩ
ЦǺǣֻǺȽϹעҽѣȻ˵ˣҶĵҩȤȥġҽݣһûеȻ⣬ֻҪҽѾͺá
ǺǡַЦǵȻѣֻûиҸղŵأô˶֣֪ϲʲô鶼ģǺǡ
ַʱֱӸĿڣιѾĳ˶֡
ַɳʵףҲֻʵش𣬡ǰһӣǿЩ飬֪ļǿˣҴ֪ľʱǰȥɱ޵ǿ߶ˣͻˣʱҲ֪˭ҲûȤ֪
ҵң˵ҽɱӣ˵ԪʱҲŶȤûɱ㣬ע㣬£Ҳ֪ˡ
ٸһ£һֱԸ㣬Ҳ㣡ҸĴкļĵ̣ҽļҪضΣı¶ѷɣ
ַһģַ϶ĲỳԼû뵽һֱҪԸԼ
ַ統ʱҲĴ𣬻иҪǣˣļΧֻϴƣʱһᲨԵʱַֻҪһȶѣû뵽Ūɳ׾
ǺǣУܶ˶ѪħйϵΪҽһѪħͳǣѪħ˵ˣܵơ˶㣬ܶҲԸ㣬ҵĵֻ̣Ҫŵˣû˸Ҷ
ַһԭǸѾԼֻǶѹڶԼæԼĪ߶߲ˡ
֣ڣô
ַ粻ɫЦţԭһֱǶںΪҳֵĴһģû
֣δܺǣȫˡ
ַģһ쵽Щְæ
־˵
ҪʯһֵҩҼʮƷʯ
ַ绹û˵꣬еĲѾ˳
꣡ʮţô˵һأ
ôûʧ̬ǼʮΧɱҲǴԣκδκ鶼ľˮַ˵Ļֱöˡ
ַ治ɫĵ˼ҵȷʯ
˲죬һ·ƽĵ˵ЦˣʮƷʯҸҲòǧţӦÿó
Ǻãлˡ
Цʱͷ³

ʮ֮ҽʦʽʼ
μҽʦҩʦƷϵҩʦַ̾ǣٶ˿ڣƷҩʦȻﵽǧˣ
ҽҩ㳡Уҩҩʦ䶫һݽ֮ҽҩʽʼ
Էǳ򵥣һγʮˣҩֻһλᣬ˭ƵĵҩƷԽãƷԽߣ˭ͻʤ
ҩǺṩÿҽʦ˵ҪʲôҩרŻйԱṩҩģȻЩҽʦƵĵҩҪҩĶһЩҩģṩġЩʦҪҩģȻҪѪΪԼԺĳ·ֻʹѪˡ
ʮ֮֮еʤ߾ͻ֮һֵı
ַǺˣȻμǿ
ַףʼ˶Ǵ͵ģֻΪնѣҲЩҩʦ֪ЩʦǶûǣ
ıȻǺǺҽʦкˡ
֮󣬼ǧѾɸѡʣˣˣַҲڲ֮С
ַϳ֮ʱҽʦҧгݵĿַ磬ַ̬ЩҽʦĿ⣬̹Ȼߵ˱Գء
ڣ뱨Ƶĵҩ֣
ҩǷ׷ױ˵ҩ֡ǰǿҩʦǣǰƷҩʦȻǰƷⶼҩʦ֤ģֻҪƳһİƷҩǰƷҩʦˡ
ʵҩʵڱ֮вֳ
ʲôһλԱܲͷĿַ磬ȻһҽݵˣַӰ쵽ҽݵ⣬ҽҵЩԱĹʵȻ٣϶ַɫ
⹤Աҩ֮жֽţֲңԷ֣ԼͳԲ˶ˡ
ҪƾŶ
Ŷʲôû
⹤ԱȷûͨҩʦĿϯ̨Ϻǻҩ䶫ĿⶼˢˢĶַϡ
ʱʮߺŲߣȷҪƾŶ
ַͷûҪƾŶ
ҩ䶫ʱŶƣһƷҩʦͿƳǾŶҩԶɱһʥҪľֶҩ涾ֶҩǲܵġҽ㻹ǻһֵҩɡ
ַ絭ĵȻʦ˵ҾͻһֵҩҾơԪ
ǵһºˣ֡ʮߺŲߣԪǴ˵֮е񵤣Ʋ󣬶ҴʦϵҩʦƳɹɹֻаٷ֮ʮңƳ
ַЦһûƣ˵ƲôóϣҾƳ
Ǵŭַ磬ٵңҾ͸

ַЦǿЦμӱ㺫Ƿ㲻ңҽҩȥμӣҲμǸҩʦӣΪǸ㺫ô
ַһϯ𾪣ЩûнǷ
ѹסҪը飬ŭˣҸϳȥ
䶫Ҳܻ˼ֱǶԷ˵Լӣ䶫Ȼܷ𣬶ԼΪʦҲⳡĹˣô㷢
ַ߽Χ
ţ
ַĿֱ䶫ʦαĹˣμӱģûΥҪĵҩǺǵ췽òڵҵĴˣһʦҲûȨҸϳ֣
ֳڶڿţýҲֱֳ䶫ҲǱһҩ˲˵ԼĵӣǰˣҪԼĵµһҩʦλã
ڻûֵλʦأһССҽʦˡ
䶫ҲַϳȥʱϳȥַĻ˻ô룿˼Ҫ췽òϣҪˣ´ȥǶԼˣǶҩӣ
ǰӣȴ䶫ӣǺ䶫ĵӣ˵ˣ䶫Ƕӡȴûа취ȥһλ֤˷ǳ
䶫Ϊ֤ˣȻṫƽоǵȷûȨ֣ҽʦƵĵҩǴ½ҩⳡҲʱٰ죬ƵҩҪҩģеľҩûУҲŻƳԪԷ췽ǲŻΪǹ⵷ңϳ֡ҽʦԻһͨҩֻҪʵ֤ȱǿͺãûбҪȥһЩ˵֮еĵҩ
䶫˵ȷǳҲչʾĴʦ緶ȫŭȴһ㶼ֳܱ
ַĿֱ䶫ʦ˵ƲԪô
䶫ҵȷ˵ΪԪҲûаƳҩ˼λϺҩ֮⣬ûƳ
ʱַ߸ߵľ֣֮ϳһɫҩ
ԪһҽʦϲһҲʶִ˵֮еĵҩһ˼û
Ĵʦǿڵһʱ䶼ϳԪ
ʦϵĵҩӦϵðɣ
䶫ֱӸҭסˣ֪˵ʲôˣ˵˼˼óһԪ㻹ʲô˵ǰʯͷԼĽô
ϵĵҩܸҿô
䶫ģȻַϵĵҩɢϢԪϢôصĴ˵֮еĵҩȻӶװôϷţⲻǱô
䶫Ԫ֮ʱȫţǣûԪ
䶫֤Ԫ֮ʱȫ
̨£ܶﶼĳ嶯룬쵤ҩˣָڹڳóˣһˣҲҪȰѶԷݵһ˲õˣʲôʱ֪
䶫ĽԪַ磬ѹһԼ飬ĵҽʦԪҲ֤ƳģֻǻԵɺϵõһŶѡ
ôа취֤
ַ绰䣬ʮԪַǰš
˿ŷԪ𾪣֮ȥĳ嶯
ַջصҩĵʦΪһԵɺ֮µõôԪôԪǱƵģҲûв϶ѣʦṩϣһţ
䶫ֲ֪˵ʲôˣ˿Լ涪Լ˵˼ƲԪ˼ȴһóôࡣ
ַóôԪַʲôˣʲôˣˣһܵ䶫ҩҲҵ
ЩºҩҲѹе˵ﲻ
̨¹ϯϵĶҵĳ鶯˼£ֲ͸һƷʯˣ˼Ҿû
ɱǲɱأҲһû˵ס
ַʱȻԭΪַͲҽ۵ĵҩַƵ͵ȵĵҩֻǼȪˮűҩַûоħַ϶͵ȵҩƲ
ַҲ磬ȻóԪ
Ȼһжַ簲źõġ
ַʱʦһĵҩҸмȥƣǰЩ˱ֱһ裡ʦҪܾ
ַ⻰òҩʦŭѣҲֻܷŭȴ˵
䶫ҽʦҪܾ˵ģֻǹˡμܾļλҩʦûĻҲûʲô
ַʦӦýִʦҽʦ
ȫ𾪣Сһλʦ˶Լֿĸо˼ƳԪǴʦʲô
䶫ǳ鴤ţ޲ýַһ
ãִʦһ²μܾļλʦ
䶫һ½˦˦ҩʦϣ䶫ºַپȥԼӶˡ
䶫û䶫ĵӣʦûУֻܱ
λҩʦҲʾû
λʦ϶ûǸĿԶ׼Ȼλʦ֪Ϊ˳Ŀģ˶֪˲ڽ£ΪĵʯΪǵһҩʦһٳ
λʦμӣҩʦ룬ֲܾܾ
˶һǳѻڿ·ɱҧ𣬿䶫ʦͽ涪˶أôأ
䶫ȻҶûôҽʦֱӽܾ
һַˣһжַļƻɵĽС


307 ܾ
֮ҽҩܾ
㳡֮ڣߵĿǧ׵ľʲô˻Ըֳս
ϯ̨ϣ䶫ʮĳ͸ڴܾܾھΪǵһҩʦҩһżֵǵƷʥʯ
ʥʯƷʥʯ
ַһ𣬽˵ʥʯħʯǽڤħıʯ
ʥʯħʯʯϳƳģûǸ޻ʥħ壬Ǵ˵еڵ޺ǿɱޣ붼롣
ʥʯҪռԡľˮƷʯáʥ󡯺ϳɣƷͬƷʯܺϳһһƷʥʯɹֻаٷ֮ʮңʮһƷʥʯܺϳһƷʥʯɹֻаٷ֮ˣԴơƷԽߣϳɳɹԽͣһƷʥʯҪĸƷʥʯϳɣɹֻаٷ֮壡
ħʯƺʥʯƷһ֮ʱҪħ󡯡
ʥħ󣬿ҲΪǳ֮ʯ֮ռûУҪһռ䡪֮ϡ
ʥʯһߵôҲǳֻҪҵƷһƷϵʥʯħʯͿֱˣ޼
䶫ȻóһƷʥʯ
ޱȣҩʦַ۾һ˫֮г˻ȡ
һŴ˵еʥʯֱӽǰδеĸ߳
һ󻶺䶫ʾ˰
˵ܾĲߵǳһλǳµ¸صҩʦκʦ
κ쿴ȥһλѮҵߣϵȻЦţ˱ء
˼Ȼҩʦ֮ûбԹǴҶ֪δʦƵġǵ£Ҳߵıر֮ҩǰʱûƵĴǵܳԽǶδʦǶδʦҲΪǵһҩʦҽҩܾ֮УǵĶδʦܷΪǵһأĿԴ
ֶ֧δʦֶ֧δʦ
δʦһ
ЩǳǿʼȸԾš
ļʥҽʡʦ
һλòŮӣǳᣬģֻжʮңʵҲ˰ꡣҶ֪Ĵʦյҩ꣬ƵյûκθãǧǧŮӰ֣Ҳħô½ŮơҩһЩʦǶĪսĴʦܷȡõһأΪҽ
Ĵʦһ
֧Ĵʦ
ĴʦҰ㡭
Զ֧㡭
֧Ůǳ࣬ʱһ˲յЩŮ
λŷŷ´ʦ
λǳ̼ҵĳʦ
λǼҵǴʦ
λҩʦ׷׳˶λʦҲ˼򵥵Ľܡ˾ǴΪԼڵĴʦ͡
ǵжϣλҩʦǸԵԼĴʦԼļ壬ҪȻһʦݣܳôССǡ
λǶ½һҩĵӡǴʦ
Ǵʦҩ꣬ӰƷҩʦΪҩʦ˴ٹҽҩᣬΪҩʦһˣǴʦе֮ƣڸֵҩоƳĶʦҩ굤˸ǴʦʵѾҩǰʮ
Ц⣬
ȫ𾪣ǰǻһССҽʦҡһ䣬һʦ
ܶ˶֪ҪμαΪǾٰαΪ˴ҩʦ֮ѡǵһҩʦȻ֪ⳡڡ
ں֧ߵһ󻶺֮˿ʼ۷׷ס
ʦûɣǲŶʮ꣬ôܳΪʦҩʵǰʮ𣿡
ҩҩʦãҩ߳ˣһǴʦ
ǣҩÿ궼һΡҩ䡯ֻʮµҽʦżӣھͻΪҩĵӣҩÿ궼ֻһӣǰǰҩһٶΪʦΪ档
ǰкϷˡ

ҽݡַʦ
ַʦҽݵҽʦѪħݺǣɱ¾˾޴ʧѪħʹõİħ֮ħڸ޷ǵĴʦǶ޲ߣǵִʦͻȻ֣˵ǿһһҽΣִʦƵҩڳǿ߶ùҲʮţҵľɼʮ֮ǰ²޷αڷִʦҩֻ֮Ƴ̾ȬҶ֪Ϊɱܶʱͻ޷ҽεĲЩµĥǣÿηִʦΪǽ˲ʹǵָлִʦҲЩΪɼĥʮǸлִʦ
Ÿ֮УִʦҲó˴˵֮еԪ˴ҽҩԣҸִ֧ʦ
Ҳִ֧ʦ
ִ֧ʦ
Ҳ֧֣
߸֧֣
ħִ֧ʦ

һʱ䣬ֳ֮Уһַ֧磡Ȼַ֧˱֧ʦҪ༸ࡣ
ЩܿͣЪˣְЩ˶ˣԼĴʦڳϱȴֵ֧Ǳˣŭ˴ʦԼô죿
Ǻܶ˻ǴţΪЩ߸ϵĴʦֻΪЩĸ߲βˣʦôԼĲַκõģֲЩʦ
ϾЩ˶ַܹĶݣԼĲʹȬֶ졣
źͻһһ
ܾûпʼֱ˴һ߳
ģʮڣǧҽʦ֮ɱΧľƷҩʦҽʦ
ʱһĿĴ󺰿첽߽Ϸǳ˷ܺͼܺǼλ߸ϵĴʦվһ𣬾վһվԼҸˡ
Ʒҩʦ֪Ӯ˸λʦܴǧ֮ӱ֮·ҲһƬ
ҲΪλնġ޼Ͼͼλʦȣ̫Զˡ
ڱʽʼλʦѡԼƵĵҩ
˳
˵һλʦվһѾҸĿˣѹҲҸгȣԼȻǧҽʦ֮ӱǺЩǺûʲô
ڼʱ˳һǵѡ񣬲ûȥԣǸûпɱԣȻ˵ƷҩʦʹʦļֻһƷƷǺԽģܶҽʦǿʮ꣬꣬һ޷ͻƣ
֪ԼԣҲǱذܵ³ֱѹȶ񣬵ȵԼܾЩʦʱһϸ£
ʱľѹԵĻ϶ԼԺӰ֮ͻƣһҲֹڴˣ
˳ûκ˷ԣ䶫Ҳ͵ĳ˵ͷִʦ͵Ŀ⣬ɸĶġ
ַתͷ֣סʦҲˣҲǴССҽʦһһʦģҩҪģֻľһ߶ȣΪҩͻͽ㲻ǴʦʱԴʦʱҲܴԣ㲻ҩҲҺǱԣʱȻԼʹʦǷͬһλϣԸԼұǿ
ͻȻ֮ʲôصĵ˵ͷǳмĶַлл㣬ִʦ
ˣΪַ仰һ֮ͻ˴ʦȻⶼǺ󻰡
ֵʦѡҩʱ䡣
κ쵭ĵҪơдǵ
ҲǵĵҪơϺͯ
ŷ£ơת

ǣﵤ
ǣ굤
ÿһƵĶԼ־ЩҩǴʦҩ
еĵȴַѡַͻȻЦ

˶ַ֪Цʲôλʦͺǵɫÿѡַ֮ЦģԣǶΪַЦǡ
ȻַЦǣ
ִʦΪηЦ̲סŭַ硣
ַЦţѵѡĵҩЦô
ŭ죬û˷
䶫ִʦѵλʦѡĵҩʲô⣿
ַЦ⣬һĵʦ㣬ĽҩȫʦôȥֱƵҩƷʣƾҩƷʣãʲôʦжϵĳô
䶫ѡĵҩǴʦҩҵȻԴƵҩƷҩƷʸߵͣô
ַǺãҾٸӣʦƵǡϺͯǴʦƵġ굤ķϺͯԸһ˵һʣòȫ죻Ļ굤ʱ֮ڣµҩ˸ʦƳ˶ҩʦôȥֱ˭Ƶĵҩã
䶫һҭסˡ
ַʦҲǴʦڲĸλǴʦȻʦҲΪһƷƷʦļ϶Щ˸ߡƵĶǴʦҩǼλʦֵĵҩλʦƳĵҩǲͬãͬԵĵҩûа취ȥȣǼλʦƵĵҩǲǴʦҩܴƷ֮ôλʦƵĶǸʮ꣬ĵҩ϶ƳǶҩʱ򡭡
ַû˵ȥ˶ˣʦĶҩʱΪʦ䶫ֱ治ǸãǸѵ˵Ǽ˴˸ƽô
ЩǸ߸ϵĴʦÿóĶԼ־ǻôıˣʱεĿ϶䶫
Ҳַ˵ûа취ȥֱʦƵĶҩʱĹ֤һλҩʦĻ϶ֱܷʦҩƷӡ䶫ʦҲֻǴʦﲻҩʲôԣѶٸߵĵҩԶֱܷǸ
ˣ䳡ľ䶫һҧǺǵһɣƵյǵȵȣ䶫һ浤ҩҲ漰ʱλʦɣôȥش𣿣
ǵλʦﵱȻַĻΪʲôǴʦ֮궼ûбԹΪʲôʦ֮ҲȥԣΪûһĲУΪʦ֮еĴ඼һרҵͬһרҵ֮ĴʦȻԱԣǲҪУ˱֮Ƕ֪Ĵʦ֮ıԣ뵽ҩʦǷħô½ڹݵʦֻһǾҩˡҩ
ѽĴʦ֮ıԣȥҩôô
䶫Ȼ㳣ʶΪҩˣҩһٶ궼ûгҩıԣκθѶȵıԣЩʦҩʦֱܷ
ﲻҩ䶫ҲЩСǵҩʦ


308 ַʤ
ַҪԣǿ϶ҪͬһֵҩͬƷ׵ҩ
ǲмĵеǲͬרҵͬһֵҩʲôҩôǴʦֲܵģʲôҩᣡ˵Ҷƻ굤ԸôѵһǶϤĵҩôǻǱôһƷҩʦӮǣ
˵ȻЩҲʵ
ַЦûẫǣĵô򵥵⣬ôô
䶫ִʦкθ߼
ַ絭Ц߼ûУ뷨һЩģȻΪʦǶǴҩѧͽʼһһλãǿʼѧϰҩʱĿ϶ͬģʱֻǶԼַܣȥѧϰһЩͨҩ֪ʶʸλʦҩĵҩʲô
˼кܿһͬĴ𰸡һƷ
û˵˶ס
ÿһҩʦûгΪһҩʦ֮ǰҩѧͽҩѧͽÿ춼ܶʼΪͨһƷҩֻгɹһΪͨܳΪһһƷҩʦӶҩѧͽݡ
ÿҩʦǧַܣȵȣȫںһǸʱһŵҩ
ַԡҸһһƷǸ߽һǼλƳĵҩһƷҩʦֱܷҾô
ŭƣһҩʦȥһҩѧͽȥƵ´ȥǴʦδ棡
ַ絭ЦʲôϵϤĵҩҲĵȥƵĵҩڳдʦߴʦ֮µҽʦǣƵĵҩǧ򣬶ĶˣҲǲˣôƳɹĵһҩѧͽΪҩʦ֮ʱǿŵҩôּ飬ֳĳ棬ڳÿһ˶£һӶǣٹ꣬꣬ǶǣһŵҩƳɹĵһŵҩҲѪΪԼȥƵĵҩƵǧǧŵҩǺǡмΪ룿мΪǵĳԡ
ַĻҩʦǶĻ䣬ÿ˳Ϊҩʦ֮ǰ˲Ϊ棬ΪȨΪΪ룡
ǵĳΪҩʦ֮Ƕ˳ԣ֮У֮󲻿԰Ρ
ʱִʦ˵ûִͬʦ飬Ϊǵ룬սһΰɣ
ɣֽü̬֮
κѾʮ꣬ƹ˵ҩѾ򣬵ԶƵһʱΣҼǵҵʱɹ֮˷ܲѣֱȥʦʦ˷ܵĴޡ
κĻܿЦһʦȥޣԼ˵ȴûһЦᵽκ쵱ʱޱȼ顣
Ҳִͬʦ飬׿еλ˵룬һ˴αӮ˵һҲҪˡ
Ҳͬ⣬ΪҳΪҩʦҵƵһޱȼȥҸףȴɱˡ
Ҳͬ⣬ȻҳΪҩʦΪĿǰΪʦÿ˶ϤѾﵽȫ͸ĳ̶ȣıԷǳƽǾܣսһֳʤӮҲԹ޻ڣ
λʦַͬ顣
ַ翴˺ǣʦͬ𣿡
˿λʦͬˣַͬܲͬô
ûֻҪʵһӮǻشķǳġ
ַЦˣƻһһַİŽš
ַ˵ˣҲַʮ֮ĥǹѧġ
о½һ־ħĴڣһ׾֮¡
ֻҪΪͨĵ͵Ȳϣؾ֮ݣʯҹӣ
ֻҪֲϰշȫںϣͻƳɹ
Щʦ˵͸ƵģûһѶȣ˵ʱͿɡ
Ǵ˿̣űԵĿʼÿʦͷ˺ˮ
Ƿǳ򵥣Ǵ˿̴ʦǱԵǵҩľȣҲᴿȣ
ϣٺõĵҩᴿǰٷ֮٣ʦҲУƽһûаٷְٵĴȣ
ǣָҲֻһΧ֮ڣӵо½ʮ֮֡ˣߴﵽˡ񽳡ҩʦԽҩᴿٷ֮٣
ʦ֮϶ڱᴿȣ˭ᴿԽߣ˭ǵһ˭ǹھ
λʦԼ¯ַ¯ŴģҲһĲϴ죬ʦ¯ַļֱݡ
Ȼûַõһ¯ҶΪַ¯ֻǡѡ
һ̴һ˫ʮƤЬ˿һΪ˼ҴġַǴʦһô
ʵַľȻַǲҪ¯ģ¯ַֻľħѡ
λʦʮͿɣʱλʦŬᴿ
ҪһƷƷ֮ڣҪᴿǳߵľȣѶҲǳߡ
ҩľᴿԽߣƷҲԽߡЩʦʼᴿʱ򣬶ûʲôѶȣʱƣ˵ѹԽԽ
ᴿĹ֮У΢ղãһʧһƷҩͻᱻᴿΪƷҩôᴿͻʧܣΪĵҩһƷŪȼˣͻʧܣޱȱ
ıԣȵĲǾҶַľҲһǳս
֮ǰÿʦû뵽ѹôѶȻ֮ߣ
ڳĹսߣ䶫˶ΪһһƷܿͻǴ˿̣Ѿȥ˰СʱˣЩʦǻڼԣ
ʵַƺõҩڵȴ̬ķչװģڼװᴿһжַļƻš
䶫ⳡ˼λʦķǳ࣬ҲеѶȣоⳡԵѶȱһŶʦҩѣ
ûһҩʦƹһŵҩƵҩ϶ǽҩƵƷԽߣԽԽáڣҪҩƷѹסѹһƷķΧĶ״̬ȵʹŵҩƷͻƣγһַ
ҪᴿȣƷʾͻͻƣҪѹƷʣ޷ᴿôһССһƷѵλʦ
Сʱ󣬳ĵ¯֮ͻȻССһը
˺ȻһʦһһƷʧܣҩըָоͺһȥһ׾پȴʧˡ
һΣ̨ȥ䶫֪̼Ѿ֡
ĳ֣ʣµļλʦѹǳΪǶƹ֮вըľ
ۡ
ۼҵͻȻ͵һѪҡҡ׹Ȼȥ˻ԡ
Σս˶ͣ۾ɵĴģһλʦҩը˾ò˼һ㣬һλҩʦֱѪԳ֣
һһƷôôԹߵȻ֪Щʦˣֱǰδеս
Сٻʱַʶôַ磬˵ҵļƲ߻Щʦ˰ɣ
ţֱͶء
ȻЩƻСٻַģΪַҩҵһϲͨ
ַȫǵʱ䣬û˾ͺСٻ졣
ܲˣ
һȣȷܲˣѾڱԵٳȥ϶ǰλʦһŪԼľͻ
һѹƵҩƷʣһᴿҪߵҩƷʣͺҪɱһˣͬʱҪˡּȷĸо˷衣
൤ɣһŽɫССϣɢҫ۵Ĺâ
ʦ
ཫƺõ䶫صԼλ֮ϢϢ
ڹȻ⵽ô£Ĵʦôˣһôô
ʦƵĵҩĴʦĵҩǰٷ֮ʮŵžţǴʦ֮֮ܽߡ
ʦȻ˵ΪÿʦԼƵҩĴȶǳ
ҩĴ֮󣬶𾪲ѡڹǶˣΪʲôʦǻһըһѪһ͵Ϣˡ
һһƷĴȶڰٷ֮ʮҾƷˣڰٷ֮ʮϾǼƷˣʦƵǰٷ֮ʮŵžţ
ʱʦǲӦ˵ĴʦĵҩȵģӦüλʦȫ֮ԣʦڸԼĵӺǣһҪȣ
ŷʱҲƺˣҩڵҩ֮ʱ˴˸򣬲Եڵء
䶫ŷµĵҩ֮󣬼һŷʦƵĴǰٷ֮ʮŵž
˻һҲ˴ң౻̭ˡ
ֹʮӣκĵҩҲϣһȣһҩֵһ˲䣬κֱһ˹ȥμҵļ˽κ˳ȥ
ùκĵҩ֮䶫δʦĴǰٷ֮ʮŵľžߣʤŷʦһ
˿̣ؾʣºǺַˡ
ȫ亹ɫ԰ףƺŬַУ΢Ц¯ڵĻƵģʱʱĳźǵķһЦ
ַںؼʱӰ캫ǣúը߾
ǺȫעᱻַӰ졣
ֹʮӣϣյһ̣ţϴ죬ȴʤЦݡ
ַƲͣôģһ޶޲
ǹĽҩԼʦ䶫ӹҩ֮ǳԼĵӹţԼϳҲôߣ
䶫һԼ飬ĵʦĵҩΪٷ֮ʮŵžžžžš
˻Ȼλ̭Ĵʦ꣬𾪲ѡ
ڳİٷ֮ʮϵ˶Ϊκǿ϶ǵһȻ䶫
˿̣ĿⶼͶַ磬ڵȴַĵҩ¯
ַƵĵҩţЦǰɣҲţڼһ㡣
䶫ǵҩȵͬʱַĵҩҲϡ
ַǳеߵ䶫ǰʦĿ
䶫ӹַƵһ֮ɫͱ䡣һԵĺǿʦɫ֮ҲȻһ
Ȼ䶫ɫ仯ɲǣڳ˶
֮䶫ִʦƵĴǰٷ֮ʮŵžžžžš
䶫֮ͻȻһݵͣ٣˵Ķֳţ䶫Ŀͣûꡣ
ϯϵĶȭͷǳԽǣһҪԽǣ
һ
һڴ䶫ܲԸı˳
ֳٷ֮ʮϵ˶ͣһȭͷĽȥ
ڶݵļž֮ȫ
ַʤˣͱȺǵĴֻһ
ִʦ
ִʦҰ㡭
ң䶫ҲǳܣԼ͵ѹλʦģλʦѹסˣȴһ֪ðִʦȥзͷ
ȻⲻҪģҪԼҪóһƷʥʯ


309 ǵһʦ
ⳡԣ䶫ͺǶʤȯգ˵Ʒʥʯֻѹѣֻҩѣȹ̺ǵĵλʱ򺫷ʤˣʥʯȻǣֻҪȥڣھȴǺǣ
ܵĴʦеûʲôҲ֪뽫Ǽ˲ڽ£䶫˺ƵĴ֮ʱλʦ֪Լ군ˣַ磬λʦַ֪ǸַܳԽǡ
ڣλʦַӮˣжǳ
ַǸˣӮ˾Ӯˣ˿϶᳤õĴǣǲһӮˣԻӰλʦ
û뿴˲Լͷϣ
ֵģӮˣŸڶڿ㣬
ַŻһݵĿַ磬𵱳ַԸԼԸԼҩԼ죬찡
ڣȻдʦһ߸ϵԼνӴ˾סˡ
˴˿ǳ˷ܼһ㣬ڴҽҩĹھǡҽִʦִʦ꣡
ִʦ꣡
һߺ֮£ַ̨ܹݵЩ˶ȵĸߺ꣡ÿ˶ַӴַǺƵӣԸβ龰һ󼤶
һʱ䣬ַû
֪Լ군ˣ֮λ군ˡ
ĿĿźǣֲַ֪֮ɨһ¡
Ұ
˰֮˼ɷĭɽ˿̣Ŀʱ̵ˣҩʦΪǵĹھִʦ佱εĽƷǴ˵֮еƷʥʯ
˿̣䶫鶼ˣھ֮ǰԼʥʯĻھԲΣʱ򺫷ʤˣ˵ʥʯַʤˣҲóĽ
䶫ޱʹ࣬޲ýַ˺ƬȴҪװһǳĵı飬ȥϲַ硣
䶫ԸĴӿռָóһµĺɫӣݸַ硣
ʤĻ䶫һ᳤ƪ۵˵һڣ䶫鶼ˣֻĳ֣ϲ㡭
ַЦӯӯĽӹ˺ӣͬϲͬϲ
ַɫӺůů¶ȣüƷɣ͹֮оͼֵƣ
һɫȭͷСİɫʯɢŵĹȥûʲôַ֮ܵĹǳӴ󣬶ҷǳû˼ʡ
ַСٻʥʯαֱ֮ӶǬ
ĻַΪҩʦ֮еһˣ
ַصҽݣƨɻûȣܹף֮Ѿӵҽݡ
Щ˴඼һЩСͷĿַùϵһЩַιĻߡ
Ȼַ粢ûЩȫ˹ȫȨ
˿̵Ĺַ֪һλʦ֮󣬲ŵӣ֮ǰַԼҩݺַ緢ͻݺݵĳԼơ
ַǴʦһλʦʲô𣿵Ȼַ֪ûйԼ
˿̵ĹַΩǴӣ˵΢һ㶼ңַޱȵĹͷַһ۶ҡ
ڶ죬ļʦǰַ磬ļ峤ټַ硣
˿Բļ峤ַҪӵġ
ҿģֻжʮ꣬Ķ߷ƣȥֵһ㣬ȻⶼʦƵġյЧ
峤רΪַٰһᣬ˺ܶļĳԱַʶȻôΪ˱ʾַĿأĿΪ˽ַļ塣
Ͼַһٻҩʦļ壬һļôļҲɸ߳ĳΪǵһ壡
ַĴڿνǾأ
ַһֱǾӸµ̬ȣÿίǱ̸ܶ⡣
ҵȻҲżϾ˼ǴʦҪҪһۡ
Ҽò¡ַ磬ǿżɽĶִַʦֻҪļ壬κҪ󣬾ᣬΧڵ£һ
ַ絭ĵȻ峤ôг⣬ֻܹˡ
ַ統ȻӦǣҪԸַ磻ҲпܶԸַ硣ļԼѵıɡַ粻ҪײҪ
һϲ
ĿǰмҪ峤æ
Ҳɫĵִʦʲô¾˵
һ£ɱġ
ַܴڳĺܶ˶ᣬΪΧ峤Ȼڳ
ֺԱᣬҲֻ¶¶㳡ģַڵݺ͵λҲֻῪʼʱַ˸к֮һЩĳԱַ磬ַ˵ĻᶼûС
Ϊûʸںַʮǧǰַ֪ô벻ַһλʦһĴʦ
ʱַͻȻðôһ䣺ɱģ
ֻڶݵһָ֮æԼģúȾƵĺȾƣ棬ûں£һֻһСС¡
ҸûַΪʲôҲûģǵû⣬ˣȥնˡ
ЩĳԱΧ˶һֻһ㣬Χ峤ֻһȽϴһֱ϶ѡ
һλ߸ϵĴʦһȽϴϣô£˭֪ôȥ
ɫһ±ɻҰһƬæ峤ȵȡ
Ŷ㻹ʲô˵
ַ磬ʮλΧԱߣ˶תŹģͻȻַ綯֡
İſַ磬ִʦǿҽݣȫҰæ⼸һֱµ˴кտ㡭ΪҪɱң
ַ絭һЦô˵ԪԼʲôԼ峤Ҳ뿴ˡ
ˣϳȥɱˣ
峤ˣļô꣬ûйҲпִͣʦһ仰Ҫɱң
ߣģĹҿ϶ţһ£ûиôͲļˣ㱾ǿΪļҸô꣬һգΪļҵˣʲôʧܣһδεԭ㣬ڣִʦ˵ò
ļ⼸ʧܶҵܸܵĹĴˣҵĴ
ߣǼ֮£ҲҪôʧܾʧܣʲôԭҪôϳȥˡ
ӣʮλ֮£嶯ˣܿ챻ȥ
ַ΢Цſңл峤ˡ
ֻСһ׮ִ֪ʦҪʲôҪҰæ
ҪһٿƷʯ֪峤ܲܰæ
һٿƷʯ
ַһƣȻЦִʦ˵ЦˣСôһٿƷʯأһٿƷʯҶòֻóʮƷʯ
峤ǸΪѵӣַ̾ѽô
Ǻðɣ峤ʮƷʯɣھҪ
ãû⣬ִʦھͰ׼
ʮӺóʮƷʯַԥ
֮ҵִʦԺסѾΪִʦһǳĶԺִ֤ʦ⣬ִʦʲôҪ󣬾ᡭ
ַ滹ЩҪ죬ȼٹɡ

֮ڣÿݷַﲻǰףصģаʦѧյģҽҹġ
ߵַȻһλʦƽ׽ˣͨҲӴԿȻշѺܸߣ˼Ǵʦôã˭˵ߣ
ַһֱûг档
⼸죬ַڵȶˣӦַ֮ܺ󣬸ԼһƷʯĻͲԸַ磬Ļ϶Ըַ磡
ˣûгַ֣Ѿ֪ҪԸԼ
һ棬ǿ϶Ըַ磬죬ַ簵гȥǵÿڶдֳַ֣ѷɣ
ǺǲҳȥҽݶԸַ磬ַѾļϯҩʦҽݸʮ𱣻
Ըַ磬Ǿ͵ںļ忪ս
ֻܵȻᣬ˶ַ磬ֻҪַҳǣɱַ磡
ҲڵȴŻᣬҲ֪òöԸַ硣ǵĴʼնԶһǱڵвȻ֪취Ըַ磬һֱûа취
ɱǼ޻ַ磬һֱҲûᣬǶҪľǾַͺ֮ìܣֻҪ潻ֵĻԼټһ͡
ַĪסļҺΧ𱣻ַ磬һ棬һ϶Ǽַ磬Լôණһô죿
ҽȻ˹ַҲ˴ҩùۡ
ַ֮ʱ˹Ժ͹Ⱦơ
оܳ
ַʶ֮£ûõ˵̸Ᵽַ
ǽᷢ£ٿҩһһ㣬ԼãȻ취ӳǰɣҲҳʲô£۵㣬ô
Щףַǵһˣǰ;һƬãΪʲôҪԼ˵Щ
ִʦϵĲҵôߣ˵ִʦǵһʦļˣû˸Ҷִʦġ
ַҲ֪ҲǵˣҪ뿪ǣҵ˺ǣ¸㣬ҲǳĶӶǳԸңʱˣΪǻŹôϽӰɣӵԽԶԽá
ĵһַǵһˣôҽݾͳԼˣԺַ£ΪǵһҽݣԼǰ;һƬڹΪʱȴַⷬʱĻ䡣
֪ļҾܶ࣬ԷתƣҪ©ôֻҪǮҽﶼġ
㶨ºַҲĵסļ塣
һзƽ˾ֻǱ֮ǰ
ַĸʲôҲܼʮŻһ¡Ǵʦֻܾͺãñ֪ļʦͺá
£ͷַ̽ҩϵ⡣
ÿַ綼һͷҺСٻڣÿζ˵һЩ翵Ӧࡣ
öַ֮翴񿴵һ㣬ʱŲ
ַҲǳæһħֵ߻ʴԲ֮޴
ַڼʯַҲȥϳʯԾħͺϳʯǰٷְٳɹַ죡ƽбԶ죬Ҳǽ
ַҲѧϰ죬ûʱ䣬ҲûоҩְҵһһϦܳΪʦģǳĥ֮ĳɳģ͸һû˻һһϦ֮ͻΪ֣
ǣַ׼Ԫ
ÿжһУ½жһ̻ơ̻ᡣ
̻½Ĳţûĸҵ̻ˣ½һҩҲң


310 ߴսַ
ֻ̻Ϊ׬ǮμӸ˵̻ˣǸô̻ᶼȫԸȥǸ
еǳã඼̻ĸֲϵҩװȡ
صĵͬĸֲҲͬЩ̻ͻһЩóܽһЩĲϵȣߵ˽ƷһЩǳƷҪͨ
ܶƷ֮ϣֱ̻¢ϣ̻⣬ֻ̻ܺȻ̻ȫԽеҵг¢ϣһҶ󣬽е̻̲̻Ტûô̫϶Ḳ
ѹƣзԣ̻Ტû¢гһĳ̶ϰһЩ̻ķչ
ԣ̻ʵ½һ̻ᣬӿڱκη涼Ǵ½һ̻ᣡ
ַߵݷĸ˶ַͷҩʦ˶Ҳҵӭӡ
ִʦٺᣬ԰Ǻǡ
᳤ֻֻܼҲңǺǡ
ִʦ֣Ҳ֣ǰһѽ
Ȼҿ᳤ֻ꣬ҳ᳤ֻһΣ
ִʦǹȻˣǴһСˡ
һһ̸ķǳ죬ͺþòһ㡣
˶ʮ꣬òֻжʮңִֻ꣬ݺ͵λǳ˶Ҫ֡
˶Ϊַ˾дַ磬˾ٱյ̸Ĳֺ
Ͽ˶֮УʵʲôֻԼ֪
Ƭֱַ̣⣬ִ磬ν²ִæġ
Ŷֵлֱ˵ܰģһԲֵʧ
ʮԪ
ʮţԪ
˶һ
˶ַ֪ҽҩ֮ϣǳߵóʮԪִ˵еҩһŶΪǿ֮߱ַ羹Ȼڹóʮţ
ַֻ֤粻һˣóôͲ±
ʱַʮ񵤣˼ˣѰζˡ
ԪҩֻǱȴ˵֮еȪˮһΣҩȥֱǱӵҩԻԼãڹؼʱܾԼһ͸Լڶһ
˶һ룬ַô࣬Ҳں֮С
˶룬۾һֵܹǴֱʣԪ⴫˵еҩֻ»Ԫļֵ
ַףȻһĴȻС࣬ԪļֵֻΧȥٴҲĲܸߵļǮ
ַû·˶æ
ַЩطȥԻһĶңַ¸ճſڣͻᱻٻ߱ɱ
ַҽҩ֮ѾԼԪڿν½ϵ˻ַ֪ӵҩ
˾۲Ҳ¡ڲͶңǲܵģУһͬ顣һ𿹵У
ַҹԪȻ£Ϊַǧ񹦣ֻҪԼӳȥûϳԼ
һԭҲҪԭ򣬾ѰҾħַһֱѰҾħ޴֡ڽԪϢй¶ȥħһַ֪ǣ
ûַųϢȷýַ֪ǣֻǽڻȥַ磬˿̾ħҲһλǿߵϡ
ִַ֪ʲô취
˶뵽Ҫֵܵļ۸񡣡
һԪҪһƷʯ
Сٻַļ۸񣬰СٻĻ˵½ϵ̫ˣһƷʯѾˡ߲εĿռ䣬ܻƷʯƷʯ
ַڼʯֻȻʮƷʯˡ
˶Цֵܵļ۸Ҳ㹫չֵܵʯͰֵ˵ļ۸㿴ô
ַһ㶣һóʮƷʯҲֻд½һ̻̻õĳ
ַ΢ЦȻҪֵܵĿ϶һ㣬ֵҾԪ磬Ϊļˡ
ֵˬ죬Ȼֵô͸Ҳֵһ
˶ӿռָóһɫӣַǰ˶û˵ʲô
ַù˺ӣһɺڰϢ
һȭͷСĺɫʯʯӴĺڰ
СٻƷħʯ
ַ磬СܸջһƷʥʯڴһƷħʯѩ̿л硣
ַ
ֵܿˣ͸ԪļֵҪԶԶħʯֻħʯǸõĶˡ
̸⵽໥˵Ĺϵһ㣬˵뽻˿˵Ѿѡ
˶˶ֵֵܣʮƷʯͻܲ˹ֵûµĻҪڸס졣
ȻԣҾ´硭
᲻ᣬֵܺܰѾԻһ£ˣֵʦţ
ַɣǴ½ˡ
Ŷ˶ô˵ֵܺûκ֧ˣ
ַЦڲļôǺǡ
ļ壿˶ļֻССַֻġ
˶ȻֵɣҪ̻ᣬЩԸˣԶûˡ
˶һ⣬ȻҲַ˲̻ᡣ
ַһλʦ̻ĻλҲһܸߣ˶֮ϣ
ַһγһû᣿̻Լĺ̨ټԼðƴʦݣ˭ҵԼ
ַ֯ļңֻļʱԼıɡѣʱǣʲô¶ûСļ׷ɱԼԼҲ¡
Ǽ̻ᣬͲͬˣļˡַ绹ûǸȥ̻ɡַ粻ˡ
̻ᣬһӶ̻ˣַһͨˣһ̻ı£дʦݣһӶķǳݡ
ַ米̫κʹкܶҪһ̻
ִĺˣҰ׵ӹϰˣϲκ֯Ǻǡ
˶ǳַڲŴʱַܾԼ˶оǳ⡣
˶ֵܣ˺ǣǿ϶Ը㣬ļʵ뱣סҲѣֵܾԲְ״ˣֵܵʱ뿪ǣ̫ˡֻǿǿٸҴ𸴡
˵̸ݴӿʼĿ׽תĽ
˶ȷһˣһַ磬ǻǱַܾ
˶죬ַõʮƷʯ֮˶ǡ
̻ĵַ̣緢߸ԼķΧ
Ȼǳĵ̣ѵǸҹԸԼ
ַַ߱ļҵѾӦ˵ˡ
ִʦλ￿߸˶е⣬ǿߡ
ַûߣοѾˡ
ַ粻λǳżַʲô£ļļ϶Ʋλ
ַǣļĴʦѵ˸Ҷô
ִʦ֪ҩһʦִʦӦúһʦЩҪԣִʦﲻļĵ̣ʱ˳Ը㣡
һλѾˡ
߸Ǻ棬߸ַ˳֮ʱΧ˶оλɱΪЩɱó˵·
ûԸ鷳ԶԶģЩ£ܵЩǿ߶ϢҲܣ֮սҲܲˣȥֻֻǸϲ㱨һ±ɡ
λַΧһλȵַ磬ҵǺʦ֮أ
ַ翴߸ЦȻǺǵˣΪʲôͷ¶β¶棿ɱʦǻû£
ַߵ𣬶ʣַ繥ȥ
Ǭħ䣡
ַԴ֮еж˲ǬħСҲȫַơ
ǬħַԴǿУϣҲַֻһ˻ᡣʹȫǬħ䣬Ҫľڣַʶޱǿ󣬶ĵ磬Ѿﵽ¯ľ磡
ַֻǽֲͬԵֻǧ֮ʹǬħ䣬ÿһεĹһԲȫһ
䣡
һַĹȫӶЩַֻһҩʦ֮ϾԲǿߣ
ַĹֻڵĹλ϶ûзһ룬ֱӷ˳ȥڵϣ֪Χʮ֮ڵĽһƬ
һλɱ
СЩ죬Сģ
󾪣ַĹ׷׺ˣҽ
һλַɱȻλ̫֮£ַ͵Ϯɹ˭ΪһΪһɱһλ
˵ַĹЩסֻҪַĹڼӴ󼸱ʹﵽʥĹԴܺɱЩʵǲܵġ
ַĹǿʽҲ˲ʽ;Уķ乥ٶЩǳΪַΪֻڣ
ڽ֮£ߵ˲˽ַľ֮£ַ͵Ϯֱɱһλ
ԣַڽһһдַ֮˾룬ֻҪַ緢Ǭħ䣬Ƕ׵Ķܣ
ַλλΧ֮£ʮӵʱ䣬ͱʬ塣
λ𣬱ֻתǿߣǰЩתϵǿ߲һεġ
սַ磡
Ҳַѵһս
һλַɱ𲻸ҽԶ뻹Զַ˲룬һСİһ£϶ǰһ
ǬħַľУַһʼʱʹ˳
ַ缸ǰɽǿļһսԼ屻ļǿĺϻˣַȻһʼҪȫ֣ʼͱ˶Լһ
СӣĹȻǿҲ˲ٶ̫˲ǣɣ
ҺܿǱʬ壡
ɱ򣡽򣡻ˮ
ַһµĲ򣬶Ĳ˲
ӵ˲ַΪ׷Բ
˲оԼжʹ󲿷ͣǴ󾪣
ڴͬʱַڤħһһλߣʹǬħ䣬һ˹ȥ
䣡
ַ˲ľУַĲǣ֮£λûж
һλ

ѵʥ
ŵĹȷʥٶڵٶȣʥҲ£
ûֻҪǵٶȳԽͿȫѹƺɱ


311 ʥ
ĲǣƣЩٶ½һ࣬ǵٶɱַ죡ΪĲ죡
ַǬħһӶûֻͣʱסĽŲʱȥַľ϶ľ
һʼַʹþռȻһֱǬħѹλ𣬴ӶѰʱɱһˣڤħɱһˣ˵ɱȫַѹƺʹֲ֮ɱ
ַ绹ѹƣַѹƲסλĽԷַٲ֮أ
С͵Ǭħһ˷ȥַڤħٶѰһᣬһҲѰһṥַĹ
СӵΪûеľ磬һڣ
ҲоٶȺ͹ǿ
ʲôƶٶȿѣıٶȸܺȣֻҪͣǿĹʱһϣ·һ
ò˵СǸţô͵ΪӵĲ򣡻ǿĹǵӰ첢ΪĻǶѾʬˡ
ĳȥʹһĳʹأ
ΪʹǻôῪҽô϶ǵõʲôѡ
ʲôŻʲôʹɱ˱ǣ
ɱ
˳·ߣǿУҪлߣ
ַȷӣûлᣡԼѾҲַ·ߣַӵͻ׷
бģַóߵĻзޣҲ׷ϣ
ստʼַóߵĻԿԣǸʱַ粻ߣҪһַ֮еڣ̫ǿˣһǿ
ַоЩԣԼôǿڵĲôЧôεڶԿԼ򣬵ַ޴ӷ
ַ糷ȥпߣһȥٶûǣƣͻᱬȴ㲻Ĺ
ڣ˫һ̶Ŀռڣ˭ߣҪߣֻһս
һѾȥʱƣַо˾糱ˮһɢȥ
ǬħǿкһַûãǿһԻɱЩ𣬵ֹԼУ޾籩ԼɱڵĻһᱣԼ꣬ȪˮԻָڽ鲻ڣ
ַҲɱ˵ĻᣬͶԷȥԼܡַһҧֹͣǬħ䡣
ͣˣϣ
ַֹͣǬħһ̣ĹѾ
ŵ죡
һѾַ絲˻ȥ
ģô£
𿴵һ󲿷ȫԭ·أҲǴ󾪡
ģСû
ģ嵲ס϶ϣ
ǾŵķҲƿַ类ǿɡ
ַһֱ۱ϵ˱ǧ֮⡣
͵ĹһƿȪˮַվѾ嵽ַǰһֵֹˡ
ȫַ̩ɽѹһѹ
ַоԼ˲һٶȣԼеĻᶼûУ
ռ̫ǿˣַǵãԼڵʱ򣬿һ򣬾Ϳɱ𣡿ڣַԼɱһôѣ
·
Ĺַ罫תƵߵ
֮תƣַ֮һĹٴαɡ
ַһѪо٣Ҳʼ
һĲַڴġ
ǸתҲɣˡ
Сʲôģô
ǳ죬ҪСģ
ַվѾ˵ֱȪˮ֮
Ԫ϶ûô
ǵĹǿһԲҲˣԪôָ
˿̵ַѾҡҡ׹ûнߣûоħ˿ʹַѾյ֮⣬ħļַ綼޷ʹáֻǽԵС
ħڴˣַʹáħ¡ٻʥΪĶħ¾ͰЩɱˡ
ħַǽþħԼҲûоÿõһھħַͻüħļܣЩܣȫǽ
˿ַ̣粻ħֵҪȻ˶ΪַѪħҲǬħĴСˣԼը棬Ǻ͵ͬھͬʱַԿԺߴ𿹺⣬ַҲң
˵ǧҪκ֪򣡼ʩչ˶ҪɱЩսĿǰѾ򡭡
ڳĹսҲû뵽ַôǿΪһҩʦ˵еĴʦǵѪԼרҵ֮ϣǵΪߣÿʦ߶мǿ߱
ստʼʱַߵɱ˶ΪַҲܿ챻ɱ˭Ҳû뵽ǣַ߸Χ֮£Ȼɱ𣡶Ȼַˣǻû
Χַ磬ĺһַʹ·һתƵǸѾ˵𱻴ɣΣ
ַҲɣַᱻɱһվ
ЩˣڳֵĻַٴתƵ˵ǸԿ
˷ַߵ·ߣַͬߵ·ߣ
ս˭Ҳûа취ߣݣ
ַȻˣֻϵ˺ֻҪַǿʶûսΪַĴ󲿷
ֹͣ˹ҲҽȥΧַ磬ںַǬħ䡣
ַɨ𣬡ôˣɱңȵļˣɱˡ
ַ˵û˿̣Դʮ߳˹ʮھͿԵ
Ǵ˰ɣڸ˰ɣ
ǽʽϻꡣ
ַǰһͼͼһʣ
ռͻȻһƬڰǳķȥ
п϶˺˼𣬵ǶԼλһ͡
һ룬һɫλǰλûзӦô£ֻȫһϢڱĳص롣
λ˵ɱû˵ַ͵Ϯ϶ʧܡ
ô£ô
񴫳ߣûǰô֮У
кϷˣЩ˲õˡ
ս۷׷ףж𾪲ѡ
ɱλ֮λĹѾˡ
ʱ֮£ĴĹַ巴ӦٶǸʱܵٶȡ
ַֻһĵ㣬֮еȥӭĲ߷ȥĴĹ
ַٴαɣȱƬַ֮ʧأʧ

ַڵѾģάĲ
ַأоһȻѾþԷĹ֮к쳣ǿľ־ֱӽַ֮ʣµľԺԵɢַǸɫ̫ͼ֮еɫҲʼɧ
ַ֮ĴڣŵľԻַ𣬾
Сٻַ磬Է֮һʥǿߣʥаƷϵľʯ
ʲôʥôܣʶѾ̽⣬ǶƷϵ𣡡
ʶֲܵģʹǧ񹦸ıԼϢΪ̽ĳôǸʥ꣬Ҳ̽ⲻУЩҪɱˣûǵľУֻǿѹƺɱ㣡ΪʹԼᱩ¶ǵݣҪȻ͹ˡλʥǲʹԽռÿռ䶼ʥصˣʹˣĩҲ͵ˡ
ʯô£ڵʶѾʶ״̬ôܵ
ʶܵģʶѾĸ߶ȣϵʮǧֻߴﵽһƽ⣬ܷӳãߣѾˣʹôǬħ䣬Ҳ½Ҳûз˾ҶԷǾľУټϰƷϾʯļӳɣûã
ǵģַȷãΪֵַסλʥľ
ʯһԵʯƶɡһʯΪľˮⰵ֣ЩʦǽԵʯϴӣеȫϴͱʯԵʯԼκԵĸ˺ӳɣȡ
ʯǶʦƳҳɹʷǳ߽ͣԵʯļֵмУ
ĴĹٴν٣ַȪˮĻᶼûУ
ʧȥǣƣĴٶȶǰĹַͿ
еĪһֱڹ۲һУ־ַ磬֣ͻᱩ¶ԼݣֻǿߣЩսߵĴڣ
˿̣ĪѾ˲ôˣĴֵͬʱĪ׼ʹáѪħ󷨡Īȥͣ
ַͻȻ֮ɫһɫâַ˲仯ĴĹ
ַһľϲˣԭ֮ڵһֱɫǣƣľ˲䣬ЩɫڿԼʹã
ַ粻֪ʲôֻоǿ
˿̵ַ磬ڵе֯ɫ
ַһսһ㣬Ŀɨĸ𣬲һʥ
ַ綢Ǹʥû뵽ҪɱңȻʥǿߣֲҵĲᱻȫѹƣһΪǿ̶ֳȣԭʥ֣
ûûʥ֣ļַ϶ɱ
˶һ㶣Ȼû뵽ַῴϴΪӿֲǣԼϴ֮£ַ羹Ȼû
ûʵǣ
йԣһǵʥô˸⣬ڹ¶ʥֻһǾǳµһʥ
˿̣˶²⵽ǰʥ˭ˡ˴ζɱַ磬ȫԼ⡣ΪַϵԪҩˣ֪ԼҲﲻ˭֪ʲôǾʹĸǰɱַ磬ҩ֮󣬽ںϣǺַг
һֱûʹʵǺϳǴôãòַ磬Լ߻ϵþãļͲðˣԶڷһ֮мԼľУֵľ
һУһԲûз֮£Ҳܲסȫһַˣ룬һٽַû뵽ǣһоȻַûãַϵɫȻй


312 ħ
ַӦһڵɫѾ֮һɫĸĹӴ˲䣬ɣ໥
ɾ˵ַڵͻȻĴĹЩɫҲ֮١
ַ翴ȥսһ㣬ЩɫֻǱַ壬ûκƵáȻȪˮκַˣ˿ַǳҪָĳ̶ȣҪһ¡
ַڿתЩɫҲоɫǿ󣬵Ǹֱ治ԡ
ڷĴĹ£ַЩЩȻַַָЩĴײ˶ֵĹ
ҲûйԣַҲַֻ֪֪ħ
ַͻȻ𣬵Լսħ֮ʱħõľ
ַȴ֪ôȥáÿһӦĹʽַûʹĹ
ַҴݣһϣ
˼ַȥĹַϯ
ŵ죡
˿ַ̣ȫصħȥʹǽ
䣡
˻˻
Ĵ󲿷ֱ˳ȥʣ֮һûгƷ֣Ǳֵ֮ɫԴԴ϶ֻ˲͵ĴĹ
ĴĹǶĹȫɫַˣԵĹ
ķֻҪκ壬ͻԶȥֵĹ
ȻַֻʱĹܺЧַǵõյֿŮ·磡
˫Ҫ֮ʣʮĴ
֮һĴ˳Ϊ׵ʥЦǴȥٶִʦ֣̻᲻ִ£
ĸһ㶣ǿ϶ʶ̻Ļ᳤˶
Ҳֻ̻ˣһ˵öԷ
λʥķζըˣȴǳƽ˶᳤ֻǺʦַ֮£𹫻Ҫô
˭벻ףؼʱ̣̻˻档
˶Ҳκ˽˵սִֻʦ̻ĿͻǰŴ̻ǾΧɱǵĿͻִʦʲô£ǵʲô£ôǸô
̻û˸ǣǳҲң
ãҾ͸̻һӣߣ
̻˳ַ磬ֻܰˣ
ߣ
˸߼Ⱥ֮гʮĸΧ
ң
ڵ֪﷢֮º󣬵һʱļҴ󲿷𣬻ٸַû£ڷǿЩ밵ɱַߣҿ϶ưոݡ
ҧгݵĶĸŭǾȻڹ컯֮½ɱļҵĴʦǵʲôˣ
£ĸĿ֮Щҡ
ǺʦˣѵҪǺʦΪУ
ҴЦǳߴɱִʦѵ˲ɣȻǺǵˣôĿˣ
ĴĿ˸Ҫ֪ǵݣô
˭ð䱾ʦˣ
ʱԶֳʮˣĿĴ
Ϊ׵ǺǣԱվҩʦʮ
ʮһɫԲЩ˶ҩˣǱ䶫ͺǵˡȻǳĶӣϢûйߺǸûˣ˴λᵽǳ̳˵λãʧˣ
ȻںҩĴʦҲҩˣˣҩһ飡ҩΪ½һὫǷǶһֱɱǵԭ򣬶Ҫںأַֻܽ֡
ߵĸΧ档֪ĸɱַģҲ޲ַЩðԼɱַ磬ȻҪȰЩ˵ŪҪȻַˣĸˡںͷϣǵʱٿĪ磬ļưոô
ҺͺͬʱֶסĴǿߣʥҲѷɣ
ô벻ᷢչ̶ֳȡ
Ϊɱֵַ֮£ֻҪɱַ磬ĵҩһ֮˭Ҳỳɵͷϣ
˭Ҳû뵽ַôɱôͶɱ
ڣʮΧŶҪôİΧɱȥֻʹʥʹʥһʥصˣڶᱩ©Լݣ
ȻҶ֪Ϸ˭ôôҿ
Ļ䣬˺ϵ֣¶һ˶Ϥס
ǰַ˵ǰʥʱ򣬺ܶ˶³ǶҲֻǻɣڣ˺Լ֮˶󾪣
𾪵ǳ⣬ĵңǣҪ赲Ϸ·ô
ߵĶ壡ʥΪǺûʲô
ڣ˭ҵסĽŲ
ҵɫǳѿŭˣΪһʥǵ¸أ㾹ȻɱļĴʦѵļΪô£ѵôô
ңҰɱļĴʦôĻԺϷ֣
Ļ䣬гһѺɫѽϣȫڣɢǿϢ
˿еľ޽оǳ졣
ַоħ
ħôڶϣҾħǰôôƵġ
Сٻַ磬ôҸעûɣֻҪ㹫ԪСſ϶㡣
Ǻע⣬Сźǣڵϡ
СٻʲôһǣСţˣûܵסĽŲ

㡭Զ޳ܵвһ˵ֱ֣ɱ˶߻Źļô
ǿʳ˼ҶΪ۸㣬ôȻҴҲӣ£ԺҲ޷㣡Ϊһʥ߸ϵʥߣȻɱˣݺˣ´ȥֻǶ˶ԼǺݺݵߵϳһƣ
Ǵ˿̣Ҳûа취
û˵䶫ʱĶŶŭǲΪҩĵӺ۸ɱǲܣΪһ߸ϵʥ㾹Ȼðͽܵڴɱˣ£ѵôô
Ĳô䶫ң䶫ĺǶ½һҩʮ䶫Ҳ
Ķ䶫ʦҪô
ﲻҩǵĵ̣϶ûбҪ䶯ɫ
䶫Цðҩɱˣݺô޷ַͺǵìܣ˵ʲôĿģ
䶫ͺΪǶˣжǶļƻʵ֪
ַҲΪεļƻǶΪ˶ԸԼΪ
ʲôĿĲҪʦ㵽ôҩǵﲻ𣬵һϣסң
䶫ҧгݣսҩϣҲ⽫»㱨ҩǼȮ
֪ҩ¶һǫûˣԶݵλˣôܵͷǸѾˣѵҪٶһô
ΰɱַȫҸ˵ע⣬ĿľΪַϵԪ¼ͳ˶ûйϵҲһ˳еҩҪԸңܷ
䶫Ϊһ˾ܵôԲãϷ͵ûзִԲҲ½¸ҩݺ͵λӦúҷ˵Ļ㣡
вҩв
䶫ΪߣвһʥʥȥɱǱпɽĺô
Ȼɶ𹫻ˣ䶫Ҳв
˭ĿҶүүԲã
ĵʮԶ
Ƕ߶ǿߣ
ַ翴ЦкϷˡ
䶫ŶǱʦöԲãʲôô
ڵĵ䶫ɫȻ֪ġ
ȻҺ䶫ö
ݺ͵λǸ߸ϣҩһλʦƵɱߵδ棿
ЦʦǸˣ²ҩ£ǵļ£ҩ֣ʵڲס
£˶⡣
ңʵҵ׸磬ʥҵĶүүȻǺǵĶүүҶүүԺʲôԼҵ£ôҩ֣ʵڲס
ƣ䶫ô׸磿
ʱ˵Ŀ˺ǡ
ǴʱҲֻܳϣ㲻ϣôڴˣҪǷֵܷǳ򵥡
ǵģηͬĸ׵ܵܣ
ǾٰҽҩĿΪ˳̳֮λ䶫֪䶫ֻΪԼİͽҽҩΪ˻ǵһҩʦλã
˺ǵĻ磬֪֮ЩᣬǴҶһˣǶֵܣЩԼ׾ͺˣûбҪʦ˼ҳɣʦ˼ҾͲˡ
£䶫䳡ˣ˼˵Լļ£˼һ˴ȥݺݺȥ˼ҵļ£Ȼ޷֣
䶫һҲˣһҩ
ңץסݺԼƵϣʦҩԸڣȻɼˣʦˣ
ûʦԼôɱԼҸ˱ڹͺˣʱҩҲûа취
תͷԶүүߡ
үү
¾ôˣүүȥ˵
ȥŶǰȥ
ţ
ַʱ˳ôԲöߣַһҪõħ
ַŶŭ㰵ɱңѵôôҪ߿ԣȹһأ
˶һһӽˮôԶԸˣ㻹
ĹڶڴַͶһս
Цַ磬һ㾹ȻҪ㣬˺㽻սֻ±¶ݲʩչʵѣҸ㣬ڣûɱңʥοڵõһѾʥԲҲҪΪʥܴĹң
Ȼ˵ЩʵΪַ֪Ѷˣַ罻֣Ļ϶ʲô˵
Χɱַ磬ԲѾɱˣַںúõվԼǰַϵ֪ʲô
ַΪûдﵽ𣡵ӵĲ򣡸ֲǣ񴫳ߣһ˫ʹ֮ټҩʦݣϻдԪ
ֲǣӦַֻжʮңҲ˵ַֻжʮ꣡


313 Ҿɱ
ַϵı죬óһַֻ֣֤һţӦһôıһǾе
ˣΪУ룬ƽϢԼ԰ݷַ磬ַ绯Ϊѡ
ַסȥ·ҪͶ֣иӺ£ûдܺɱԼôǿǰҪԼô
һ¼ˣæִʦ»˰ɣǿԴӳ顣
ôĴһλʦҿɲɱˡ
ַȻ֪ҵ뷨ҵЩӶл峤չˣԪ͸峤ˡ
ַ˵ţһɢĵҩң˶ǷǳۺĿһĻ
ЩæóһƷװ档
ַŵսҺͶһսļûκιϵھʽļ壡
һ㶣Ǻַܿ˼ַ粻뽫ļΪԼܵǣ
ִʦǺôļܵǣΪɱңɱʥ
ַ絭ЦţҿԶԼ귢ģϵʥüˣɱ񣡡
Բѣ
ʱԶүүȻСӲ֪ôͽˡ
ˣɱ
һߵĶ
ʮϢַȥ
æֹţ
׶ΪҪֹԼæԺֻΪǵĸ󻼣˿̱ɱ֮죡
γףµ˲õˣҪȻɱַҲòˣ
ַŶŭ¸ҽҩ֮ϻܺǣҰˣ㻹ǷһƷʯھҪӲɱô
Щңŭ˵˵ҽҩ֮ǰҸͲʶ㣡㲻ҪѪˣ
ô㲻ʶô˵ϹǴҿʲô
ַóһż侧ʯùʯӰŴֳ˶˾ʯĻ档
ǵַ֮ʱĻеĶԻ
Ӱ֮˶ҽҩĿģ
ҧгݣԼߵʶ֮£κ˶޷˭Ҳ벻ַľѾΪʶһߵʶʶǰʲôã
ҳ󲻿ڣˣ
ŭԭҽҩᶼĹַˣ
ôⶼҵģҪҵһУ
û˵Լļ£ͶٳƺҲôǰȥ
λҪһ³̳֮λʧܣǾûͶˣֻ·ߣһǹԹԵĴʦڶʦҩ
Ȼֻѡڶ·ǣԲŹԼ
ַȱ𳳣ǺͶʥһսɳЩСϺʲôǲǸһƷʯɱڣ㶪˲ˣбҹƽһս
ҧгݣַ磬˶ֻ࣬һˣΪʲôҪ㹫ƽһս
˵Ȼ޳ܣҲһʵǾ˶۸٣
˵ţǰгһɫ׼һնɱַ磡
ֹȴͣѾַ磬ַǿӲ̬ȣ뻯ⳡǲˡ
Ȼⲻˣնɱַ硣
Ȼ⣬ʲô£һŭ죡ʱǵԸַ磡ַôǿ󣬵ʱŭֻᷢϣԼѾûжϵ
ԣûֹ֣ıԶǣҪΪԼ·
ߵĶӣַ粻ɱԼԾĳȥ
ʱַ˶ˣЩȫ£
ǻ᳤
˶ߵ׷׶˶¡
һ£˶᳤ֻʲô˼ѵ̻ҲҪô
˶Բ𹫻˶ǶҲﲻģ
˶Ҳ£ִʦǷ𹫻ʮԪʮԪִʦûƣִʦˣ⳥ǵʧô
һ¸סˣʮԪҲⲻ𣡣
Ȼ˶ǰַ磬ַûǷ˶κζ
᳤ֻǹս;ֻҪ˫ͬ⣬ҲûȨְɣ
Χɱ;϶ͬΧɱҪܶɱһˣ˶Բ֣һһĻֻҪַͬ⣬˶Ҳ岻֡˼ҵͬˣ˻ʲôƨģ
£ȻַͶưոݣ
˶ǹƽֻҪִʦͬ⣬ȻûȨ֣Χɱִʦ𹫻ΪУ
˶ѻҪܶ˶Ըַ磬Ӿͳ֣ǸҲң
ַ˶Ͷһм˶İæɸַ绯˺ܴΣ
Ȼ˶æַҲа취ַҪͶսΪһʥҪܾôʱ򣬾ַ򲻹ħĻӲô
ַĿŶҪҹƽ
Цҵº㹫ƽô
ַƲƲ죬ԣҪսҶܣ֮ǰǷҵƷʯҺô㲻Ǻǡǲκ˾ģˣֻһ˲ҽ֣ǾǶЩ£ЬʸûУ
ַǳ񣬵Ȼ˶ΪԼַвʱ
ɫһ³ɫַ磡ҳ罫˺Ƭ
ַ絭Цţڵô˵棬ҪôȰǷҵʯҰɣ㲻Ǿ͸жԶԶӶСûȤ˺Ƭϼɡ
ַûбҪ˵ҲûбҪκ˵ͷѾ˺ƤѾ֮УֻҪһõ˾ħκˣַ綼
ַ磡
ѣûа취˶ҪֵĻֻܵһҪȥַͬ⣡ַ粻ͬĻҲûа취
ŭĶַЦүүҸǷҵʯ׸㵽ҪҪĻֱ˵ҾͲҪˣڸʯҼСϺɱô㶪ˡ
ַһıһ
ô㲻ôǲǾñܲˬӸ㣬㲻ϵߣǸƨ˭һССڷÿ˶㣬ΪôǸϵӣûϵǵΪͱɼٶˡ
Сûܹ裡λ߸ϵĴ٣ַͷţ⣡
ȫŤбɫһһס
ۡ
ܲˣؿѪ˳
һѪʱȫֻ࣬Щжѡ
ãҸ㣡
һɫĺַķȥַץ￴սȺķ綪һ㶪˳ȥȺһɧңû˸ҽӡ
ַΪϡһƷʯôһҵ֣
ַ˵ţǰʮƷʯ
찡ǰóʮԪóʮƷʯǲΣ
ԪƷʯһ֣һŶֵǣִʦȴô࣡Ҹôǰóֻ˵±
ζĵ˲õˡ
ǰߵˣŶʥзŹִʦ˼ִʦߣִʦ϶зǳ
ǿ϶ǣûдսһʥô̻˻汣һô̻ǳӣ

۷׷ףҲڸߴһѶϢַǲ
Ӹ㣬ϵĲƸǣ˵ıӵˣҵңɱң̻ᶼҪҼӣ֪ӱôʱ䣬ǾͻһƬ棡Ҹұ֤һֻӬˣ
ַĿǳȻ˵Щţڸˣڳַֹ̻ᣬȷ˶ų汣ַ磡һ˵ַ米֧֣
ַʯԶŭӹ£ӿͷӾͷŹ㣡ҪȻɱ㣡
ŻޱţǴ˿һ˪˵һ
˿̣ôϢ֮Ѿ϶ַһǿ֧֣ǲģҪȻַô
ַЦ£㲻¹ǸҿͷҾɱ㣡
ȫַѹƣ֪ô죬˿Ӷˣʱַ罻ãʲô¶ûˣ𣿾үүַͻԼʲô£
һ

ַ绹ûкߵȫַΧ
Щ𣬲Ƕ£߸ˣȻ˵ƽʱܶĵǲʵߣǵʹǱȫ
˶ʱô˵ĻûôֻҪǸҶִʦһָͷ𹫻ΪУ
ʱ˶Ҳ϶ַһشˣȻҪַͦ絽ף
ʱҲǰһ˭ҶִʦһͷǺļΪУ
ұκϣڵַ֪ǿڰַѩ̿ʱЩùϵ֮ã
ڣȫƵһҲ֮Ĺϵֱӵ
¸Ҷ֣˶˺ҵ˻ԥĳȥ
ȣǶ£ûҵ֣
ַҪȻڲʱ򣬵Ѿߵһַ粻òȥ
ͶֱӵĹϵΪ˱ַ뿪ˡ
Ҳַ粻Ź˺Լκһˣ
ַȷסˣַԼΪԼģضֳַʵóĶֻ˵ַһ֧֣
ѡôôͷǸͷǸͷǸûˣһССϸʦͷѵί㲻ɣ

ҿģ
ڵϣַͷ
˲ŵĿһĻԶԸ񣬺ܶ˶Ϊַͷģֱܴ裡Ժô̧ͷԺôǴ
ͷ֮󣬶վ˿ȫԹ촽ѾԼҧƣɼǶôʹ࣡
û˵ʲôתߡ
ȵȣô
תͷִʦѾͷǸˣ㻹ô
ַ絭Цҷ˵㲻ͷǸĻҾɱ㣡ѾˣſͷǸѾˡ
ʱףַ粻Ź
ŭַ磬㵽ô
ַҡͷܼ򵥣Ҫ㹫ƽô
ַɱֻǸԼ˸ɶѡ
Ҳľ
Ҿɱ㣡
ַ˵ţгһѳɫȥ
ѾַѪټܾ裬֮Ѿܣһս


314 λ
ΪֻһתַĶ֣
ַԼݺҧ˹ȥ
ӣ
ʮˣ˶ߵߵȫˣ
ʮûгֶȻûҪЩֻ֣ǵסǵĽŲѣ˶ѣ
үүҡ
վһߣûг֡ҪҲֻжˣ߲ŻԿַ磡ˣҲһΪ
ַնɱ
ӡ
ʱŭ죬ɱԼĶ֡
˶ȫɱ⣡
˶һߵҼˣʹսµȫ˵ǱļĴʦ¼Ƕɱַȣҽ˳ҲûʲôףҪɱˣڻû
˳ˣԭش
ûһʱ䣬ȫʬ
Щ£˶ߵЩһεġȻ𹫻˲ƴ֣Ʒʯ֮ڶܳﱸʮƷʯǣߵ𣬶֪˶ٸ߽ʯȻЩͨԿġ
ַΪֻҪᵽħͿ뿪
ַŶĿӱɱҲǰȣ飡
ޱ飬ַ㲻Ҫ⣬ܿͻ֪ߵŭ𣡡
ôӸɱĶӣѵһСС߲ɣҪ
ַҲڸʱ䣬֪󣬿϶ŹԼ߿ԵĴ˺ַ֣Ҳұ֤Լߣ
̰ǹ£
ַʹǽȥ
ڶַĹǳСӶžħһɹɽɫַĽжԿһ
ַĽ˲䱻ƣħĲӰַ磬ַ类ɣַӿֳ޵ɫħĲӰȫжȥַ粢ûˡ
ַоɫֻʹǽȶҪضԵȥʩչַ֮ǰѾľ
ɫǽȥ˻ֵ֮⣬һĹһûʲô֮
ַڵȥԿһʥȻʵֱѻʯ
ŵ죡
·
ַֻסĹһʱ֮䣬Ҳַæҡ
ַ类һδεĴɣûһˣַֻ糱ˮһȥ
ȥַڵɫȫֻ֮·һ
ս˶ľǿÿжԲĹ󲿷ֶַ絲˻ԼԼսһ㡣
ַ޵һ㣬ô򶼴
ǳƣ˫սѾӣַڻȻȵˣַˣ
ַļȥԼ군
СٻҲûа취¶
Уħħֵ˵ĻͿʹþħռ˶֪ħ
һħݿ϶ܱ¶
ƴˣ
ַһδεıɣʮӹַڵɫϣ
治ķǳ١ϾһʥõĹֻĹĲ˶

ַɫҲʧַֻоȫһһͷԵڵء
ִʦôû˰ɣһַƽ
ÿһСַ̽塣
ַվԭأħֵʹã˿ַ˵ĸоһͨһ㡣
ȥ
ħ߸ߵ̩ɽѹַ֮ݺݵ˹
Ĺϯ޾ķ籩ʮ֮ھǿֲҪַ˺Ƭ
ħĽ⻯ʮ׶೤ݺݵĴַͷ¡
ַûжܣı۾
ҪɱԼַԲ㣡
ھħҪַ룬ķ籩֮ʱͻȻ֮еĹɲ֮ͣ޾ķ籩ַ˹ȥħĽַͣĶͷʮ֮
󾪣ô£
оԼһصɣǴеľ޽֮б
ַ֣һգһ̣ħӶֶɵַϡ
λ
ڽַһ˲䣬ַСٻһ𽫵սħ¸˽飬Ҳ˲ףһжᣡ
ַ磬Բҵʱ̫嶯ˣʵ֪㲻ôˣһֱ㣬ֻǡ
飬ô˵ʱΣҲûиʵ顭
ַͽںͺ˶ǳ
Сٻˣ㽫£һˣ
ʵˣûѣڼǰɱַ磬ַĺ̨ô죿ɱַȻҪڰнУ
ħ֣ڵһʱоַ֮
ô£
ԭºðˣҵǴ߷Ҫ͸ַ壬ַתԼǳַҲƣڵˣֱַʶٿأ֮µƵգֱַʶתҵͺã෽㣡
ַ缱æ飬ţ
ôˣΪָҪô
ַھͰһָˣôȥˣ
һַ˼
˿ս֮ϣЩ͵Ŀַ磬˶ַڶǿһ֮£Ȼ˶е
ַĿ⵭ĶŶΪжһʥֻһתΪΪҸ߶ʮ𣬾ȻɱңұǿЦ
˶ΪŶһַɣеĪҲ׼֣˴˿̶ɵˣַ粻ûҹƺֻص˶塣
ҧгݣãܺãҵҪܳŶã
ȥ
ֻһ׳Ĺ⽣⽣Եļӳɣֲ
ַоˣĹ֮аǿľЩַѾûá
ΣԶĹַ粢ûжܣ
飬ѽãҹˡ
ôܵľħɱ㶼ѣ
䣡
Ĺһ˿Ĺַϣַһߵķһǧ֮ȥ
˿ַ飬ﱻ٣ϣȻ壬һֱӷˣѪĽ
ǽ鱣ַַѾˡ
ƺ쳾
ַʶֱֶȥǿҲӲַʶ֣
ͻȻоԼеһ˲䱻ȥ߰˰ˣԼ鱬ըҲͬһʱڶѣ
ţֱðѪоһľһͷԵڵء
ַʹÿƺ쳾ֱӽ˺ַһ
һƿȪˮַ֮ԿüٶȻָţըɵ³˳
˿ַ类ɣһʥһ˶Ϊַַûڿٸԭ
ٿĪԵڵأȫڳ鴤һֱѪ
ԣˣвˣ
û֪ʲô£
鿪ʼַ֮עַ翪ʼתΪԼ


Դ˾ħֻ֮ʮӵʱ䣬ַ֮װ


ڣҽھħȫ㣬׼ͻưɣ


ڴսħ֮ʱַͽѣھħʧַ粢ûյھħ


ֱӽĵھħȫͷţַ֮ȥ

ַ֮ڵһƵڴԲ
ɣִʦս֮ʱͻƣ
Ҳһͻ˺üλҸӦִʦľֻھ硣
ţڣһھȻܴʥֱ漣
ͻôλֻ벻ʱ䣬ٶô⻹ô

ַ˷ܲѣֻһ㣬ͿͻƵ𾳽磡
ַתԼתȫʶתֻҪڤһ¹֮ڵͻԶתתٶȣԼתٶҪǧ򱶣ָоַǳ
̫֮ͼںܿɱ̫ͼĵطһֵɫɫ
Ȼų⣡
ý󾪲ѡ
ַ磬ħȻѾڵΪ޷ٿأҵгͻӦ˵егͻԺΪá

ַڤħһѾ˶ԡ
ôˬˬҶþûжԸˣ֮£ң
Ѫ֮ǰ㡭ܲܡߡҡôߡҵСʲôҡ
˵ҭˣҲ޷ҵɱңɱôʲôɱ㣬ඡ
ַûбҪͶϻһŲ˶Դ֮һոꡣ
ţַɣ˶ǸƷԵʯ
ɱһʥô£û˻ַ翪ʼʱ˵Ĵ󻰣ܽǸ
ĸҲȥɣ
ֱַ˶£ĸѾսĺȴûܣ׷һҧַȥ
򣡡
ˮ򣡡
򣡡
ַʹٶȼӳɵֱӱĸ֮󣬸о֮ٶȱѹƣѹԵѹƣ

ַڤħһ֮ѾһĲ֮ϣûзӦͱɱ
˿ַ̣Ѿȫһոµĸ߶ȣַģһԲַҲĽնɱ
·
תƵһϣλ޷ܣһ룬ַһֱɱ

ħֱֱһ£ַΪߣħٴη˿Ѿ
λֱӱѹһ࣡
һѾ˵λһСʱǰǻַûл֮ڣԼȻûл֮
ִʦŹҺô۲ʶ̩ɽҲõ㡭
ַո
ɱĸڵʯַȫգ
һжַ粢ûߣŭɨżǧһȺ
ɣߣѾʮˣΪʲô

߱ԼΪԱԼ߶ַԼô
ӱɱɱ֮϶ҪھԲʱߺͶʮλֻԶԶĹսûǰ
ʱַֻ߱
ǳ£еĹս߶ûǰϷ飬ڵһЩ顣
߱ɱôǵͻϴƣ


315 
μˣ
һսμеĿ֮£
߿ַ磬ĵµʲôˣԸµΪӵеӦΪССǣ
˵ڼ䣬Ѿŵ̬ҿȥûκɱ
ַЦСҲʶǴʦλ߸ϵĳҲûôϡҲΪ㣬ĶӶɱҵδޣٲ֪ҵδļΧŮҺͱС㶩ûãﱻţǶµҿ϶Ҫߣ˰ɣҲͿˡ
ѹסеķŭƽĵִʦѵҪ뱾ΪУҪ뱾ΪУΪУ
ҲΪҲˣɱӣɱ壬ɱôˣѾݣ
߻ĵִʦЩǲѽģǵ˽ɱִʦҶɱδȣǵĴִʦѾ»лתأϲûԶĵˣִʦأ
˲ԼĶ䣬һٶķŵ̬뽫ºƽ⣡ôǰַϴ
⻹ĸĺرôӶˣס
ַЦߣΪСǸһ𣿵ʱ㻹ԸңҸ˵һǣȫˣ㲻ԸңǺǿ㲻Եңֻܰɱʱûĵ̣û˿ɱңȻ£˵ĶԲԣߣ
ıֲ͸治ɫĵִʦþǲִʦΪУ»СС»ޡִʦһٶıƱߣҪ㲻ɣѵһ֮ܶԿôҪԸ㣬Ҳѷɣ
ַĵôôΧɱôǸɱôҸǣǾ仰ɱң֮ڣǾͻǣ

ߴЦôĿǴ½һҩҲҳ˿ԣ𹫻Ҳ˵Ĵ󻰣ħô½һɱ֯ĸҲ˵ܽǣ˿ڣ˽Ϊߣɱ֮Ҳɱ꣡
ôߣ죬ҾҪҾͲǵĴɱң
ַһնݳȻɱߵĶӣô϶ҪնɱڴˣٶĵˣַҲҪɱֻնݳһݣ
ڷŭļ塢ŷ塢̼ҡۼңĴˣɣ
ô£ĴļԴǿ֮⣬ҵ˶ڰ
ߵĻһ䣬峤ÿ߶ʮ
ڣĴΧַ磡
Ĵסˣû֡ǶȨף˿վ˶飬ͻٲվ˶϶ɻڴ
ֳֶַκʵǲҶҲΥĴ嶼Ϊˡ
ʱˣ֪ǵķ棬֮˽֣ܲĴ֮˴Ӳʣǧ֮ĴҲʣֻҪǣǲŻڳͳһԵУִʦһֱļˣ֪֮£ֻڲ֮£ûȨɣҲܲɣ
һҶ֪ĹڴСǧÿ춼̲ɱսڲľս˭Ҳ֡
ߴŭңҪ췴ô
ҵҿɲ췴ڸ߸ϵĳǰҸ췴ôǳĶƽ޹ʵļһΧС£ҿڳ˵ҲˣִʦδҲɱˣִʦҲһ̣ûмƽϣǳĶʥ߾ȻɱִʦִʦԪڹ컯֮ɱ£ڳ˶ߣһٶĶԸļ壡ڣ㾹ȻҪΧɱļִʦǲ̫
˵˵ʵе˵ǳĴ
ߵִ֪ʦŵе˵Ѿ˵ļϵȻѾ˹ϵͲļˣǵˣɱ˱Ķӣɱ˱壬ʲôԣ
ַƲͣǿʶߣڸ㣬ּļˣвУοʱ˵Ҫ˳峤Ӧô峤ûб׼һļˣ
ַ統ʱֻǲļ壡ļַ粻ʱַͦ磬ַ϶Ҫļվһ
ߴˣݺݵĿңңͱΪУҪˣ
Ҳһŭߣвôǵһٶѹļ壡Ѿ˺ܾˣҪĴǲɣ
仰⽫Ҳ档
ļʱˮΪַ֧֣岻ң
峤ѵҲҪ췴ô
ŷ峤ŷȪˣҾǳļ֮£岻Ӧòֵ֣Ļỵǵķ棬ڹҲ𡭡
ǰŷ˵ûҲֵĻǾͻңνûйزɷԲڳ˺ļ£Լǡ
ˣҲµȷϹء
峤׷ױִ̬£
ǲԾĳ鴤
Ĵͳÿ涼һλڣЩؾǴܳڸǿ֣ǲŻ档
ߵĶǳߣˣˣ治ɫǴ˿̣ߵɫ԰ףзһС
ԼĵλԼԶԶҪȶӵҪˣһ͵λûˣʹ
߲ǰ״ĴѾַ磬Щ£
ַЦߣѾ죬֮أ
Ҵʮַվһ𣬡ִʦЩԸ
˿Ѿ˺ƤԿߣ
ַãԼ
ַɲҵĵʲôˣǿϼļӰǳַɲԼ֮󣬶ļֲˡַûʲôǲ֪ġ
Ŀַ磬ԲѣԼΪɱңʮλԲλƷʯ𣬲ҪΪɱʥɱңߵҪʲô£
ַ統Ȼ֪ԷսҪǿϼַֹһ㶼ģ
ַЦ޾Ϣռ䡣
ûĸ˶ܵϢ
һ񴫳ߣ
û㿴ǰǾǴ˵֮е֮
ִʦһֱʵкϷˡ

ַҪʹþħĲ㣬϶ҪΣҪȻ˻ΪַѪħ
ַĬħ£
ΧĿռһĲ򲨶һ룬˿ռ䱻һص˺ѣһߴĶħӿռѷ˳
Щħª˫ĿѪ죬ɢһаͺڰϢ
ʲô
ǶħԨħ
찡ѵִʦһλ鷨ʦ
ܣִʦɢľǴ
ǡء޾ԨʮĶħ
˵ֶħΪս

ַɱǣ
ϰٸħ˻ߵķȥ
ЩħͷӹɵģٶȫܺȣһٶħİΧ֮£ЩɿԽٶɵĴڶħ֮С
ת֮䣬жʮħЩնɱħȻٶ̫ˣ㲻ЩǿĹ
ˮ򣡽򣡻򣡡
ս֮жǾ
ִʦĲҲΰɣ
Ĳ㣡ô£ļޣôĲ㣡
˭˵ǼޣĲ½ûУĿռһѵڣֻټֶѣ
˵ִʦ᲻򶼻᣿
ܣ˵֮еϹо֪оֻϾ˲ִʦΪֻڶѣ

ַһ¿ĲĿľΪ˸ЩħٶȺӳɣǸħķӳɣ෴Щٶȡͷͻͺͽ͡
ʱʮ𱯰ķ֣Щħٶͷ˲䱬
ĹƲЩħķЩħɣֻһˣһֻ˻ų
ַһϷһ㣬ڶħΧߵ£ǣ֮£ڱһȺħΧŹ
ȻսĶħҲ޷˺ߣҲޱȱܵǣƣҲɱЩħ
˫ѽѷ֣ҲӣڼǰߣԼ飿˵ַڤħٶ֮£ǣ֮£߲ѷɣ
ýˣ
Ǭħ䣡
ߺ±ħסַǬħڳ֣˷ķеĶ·ߣǵصİȥ
ÿһ㡯൱Բһַ粻ţһš㡯ɱ
䣡
һ㡯ġ㡯ս֮ϡ
һıըеըһص˵ĶߣþòƽϢ
С㡯ڱըͬʱӦѾﵽʥĹըĿʼֱǿ˺ʱѷ죬޾ķ籩ž޴սӶȥ
ħô½ʥء
һ緿һ޴ˮǰ׺ͷڽ̸
ߵߺһھƵܣô
ұߵߵĸ磬ˮԳСÿһըĹĹըӦʥĹǳ࣬Υɣ
ţǣԲ֣ʱҲʥǳࡣСӵȷЩܽһʥĴв𿪣ֳÿһֻ𹥻ٴȥﵽʥĹȴֲΥʥصĹ˵ǲһ©
Ǻǡⲻ©ɣֻСӵĹȽϹѡһ㹦ĴУɢ޷ʹãԺǶעעСӰɡΪĴС˲ħô½ûеģò״סˣ취Ūʥذɡ
ĸ磬ǰš


316 
ըһӶࡣ
ը֮սһʮ׵ӡ
ҪǬħߵˣЩħǣסҪȻЩһ㿪ַĹַļƻǳɹ
ߺʮȫˣǿҲֵסǬħĹַ緽ͷǬħʱǽ龫׼ļģܰЩȫɱ
Щħ˵ʬ屻ըƬַ̾ϧôʯ
ɱַҺ˶˵ͷӶڤħȥ
һжˣַҲˡ
ɱǾԻңַȻҪһʱȥ

ɽء
һȫ۵ڱչأͻȻؿڵ׹ѡ
Ȼ˫ۣŭ˭ɱҵͽ
֮ʯţȥ

ַѾǵķΧ˰׻ǵķڰ׻һƬɽţһ֮塣
ַǬȪУͽСٻоħ
˿Īƴźǰ׻Ѱַ硣
ַߵʱĪһϢԼȥ׻ɽ
ַַָ֮ҪһԼȫָԴԼΪͻͽ֮ȪˮٶҲɱӡ
ַħԼַȫûа취ȥȥƣµǹɫ³̫ͼַͽ鶼󲻽⡣
ַָ֮оǰδеɡ
ַ׼ʮƷʯħա
ȵȣ鼱æַֹ硣
ôˣ飿
˵ôˣƷʯиãʮʮƷʯܼħһħֵ
ֱַסʮƷʯҪʮ
ΪôħһħֵҪʮʮƷԵʯȫԵУ㿴ڸʲôã㲻ʲôԵʯһԵħգħôϣħһħ֣
ַһħ֣ôô
ַ粻ʵħֲǰôôҪȥ
֪ʲôҲҸ㣿֪̬ʲôô
֪ǻ磬ıԴ
մôһıߣģ̬ǡС͡ޡħҲûдﵽ־磬ûܴﵽ־硣
ַŭ飬㲻˵ϻôû˴ﵽô֪ʲôкޣ˵ص㣡
㰮Ųš
СٻˡлУռ䱾Դ֮⣬̬ҪͻתʮתҪһشѡǾǡ񡯺͡ħ
Сٻ㳶еԶ˰ɡСٻĻڲҪ˵ô࣬˵ôҲ֮ħħִǽľˮַ磬Ҫ֪ľǰѵһħǲȫϴħľʯռʯƵʮʮƷʯ֮һħ֣
ַҺò׽ħֵڵľ磬ϴ
֪ʲôħһħִǽҪĽ㿴ʲôǰЩȻǿ󣬵İħѪѹƣЩըˣ
ôһ˵ַԼħʱ龰ħֵǳǿѹƲסĸоʱԼѪͻԼħֵħѹȥ
Ƿѣףڽİ£ַ֮˰СʱͽħֵȫľһħĴַĵ֮ڡ
ʯ˶ʱַʮʯͬԵʯþħֱתʯԣȻôѶȵǶʦ޷ɣڽ˵ǳļ򵥡
ֻһСʱ齫ʮŲͬԵʯתΪŽʯɹʰٷ֮٣
ַһֱڹۿʲôûѧϰýĻ˵Ҫѧϰ죬㿪ʼ
졢ҩġ󷨡ѱŸְҵҶȫ񽳵ľ磬ҲӦöȫգȻ㲻ϲĻն졢ҩ󷨾Ϳˡ
ַ֪ʲô¶˵ĻԼԲɳ񡶾ħһû˽Ĵڣַֻʹһ㣡ļַ綼ûգֻǽýʩչ
ַͻȻԼӦúúԼǿ㽣鲻ԼߣԼҲӦܹԱ
ָ֮󣬳ǬַȥѰĪơ
ַʶǳҪڰ׻һҲǳ򵥣òһʱҵ
ɽӦĪƵϢַȥַ緢ԶһʥԼ߼
ַͣ½Ųסνո˵󣬾ԷʥַҲһս֮
ܿ죬һַ߳ߵĿ⵭Ȼû˿Ķַ硣
ַĿֱߣʲôˣ
ңַ磬ɱҰͽɱǳ˵Ϸ˭
棡ַ𾪣Ҳֻһ£ַ粻סԼ
ûмϷ£ҵˣԪϷһȫʬ
һֱѰַ磬ûκҵ˺ºĪƣ֪ҲѰַ磬ǰи٣ҵַ硣
бԼã
Цɱ˶Ϊô㱾ܴӮʥߡ
Ծ֪׼ͷɣ
ӡ
Բǧ֮ͻȻһҰһ޴ķӡǧе
ַоռ䶼ڱĿռַֻ֮ˡ
аַ磬֪Ҳ֪ɱʥҪǣռ䣬κʥĹᱻʥط֣ǿҲܲסʥ
ô㲻ҪǣʥҲԣ
ǺǡǺãʱǣúõ棡
ַƲͣðȻ棬һ㵽ף
ֳһɫγĵǿַ
򣡡
Ĺûκλ֮ռֻǧ׷Բ֮ʥȫ汬Իɨռ䣡
ħַ֣ͬĻĵȥ
һ㶣⽣Ȼƽ棬ҲԼڵĽСô᣿ĹôҲʥ
䣡
ཻռһ󶯵ըನˡӡûг忪ӡǱΧɫȫ⡣
˶һУ׷׺ˣַ磬͡ڡʲôϵ
пȥֻУʵʮУһʮλַֹʩչޱȾ¯࣬ΪַǺͬһڡ
ڣʲôӴû˵
ŭǰѾСӿ϶û˵㣬˭콣
ϻ϶ҵģ

ٴһ콣ַȥ
һ콣ľУһУ仯˰ʮУеĽ·һٽɱ
淢֮ʱַеʽһģһʽһ⻯ѹ⽣Ĺӭȥ
䣡
Ǳը˶סը֮ನ
һ𣬾ַҲ콣ΪĹԼ޼ѵΪҲʥ
һΣ˭콣
ӲǸôҵģ
ãܺã
ǣ
ĽӰǧһַķ׹䣬һȺܣܵıֱַͷϿգ
ַͬĴ󺰣ǣ
֮£ûʲôɸƵģֻҪǿڶԷǿĹһһƣ
Σ˵ĹûжǴӸԵͷ£
ŵ죡
ַڸļ֮˲ŵ죬һ˻ȥʣһֱַɫ
ַ֪ԼľŵԳܲסһʥĹȻħ
ĽӰǱԼĹԼҲߵľ֮һ͵Ϯɱ˵ѾУ
ַ粻ַͬʶʶСٻʶͽսǣռÿһ佣鶼ӵֻҪʲôطԣַ磬͵Ϯַ磬ô
һը֮ãɫĳ֮մȾŵѪȻֻƤ˶ѣЩƤŭѡ
ԼľУԷô᣿ҹԼĹһǿ㣬ô벻ף
ô棿˵Ҫ棬ĿĲʲôֶξʹɡ
ôҵľУ˫Ŀð㶢ַ磬϶벻ַḴƱ˵
Уÿζַ縴ƣȫԭĸ滹˻ȥ
ԽԽԼʥתΪӡַס׾ٵַ磬Ȼɱַ֮ǰúõ棬û浽ˣԼȴˡ
У˶ַ֪Ϊʥ˶ʮ磬Ǹ߽ʥӵи߽ʥ
˵κʽҶᣬںǧˣҶᣡ㻹ʲôʹɣǼ棡
ʥû棡ȥ

ֱʹ
޾Ľɫռ䣬ӡ֮ȫǽɫ
򣡡
æҪǸƲˣ
䣡
ַоһʹʧܡַӵǿʶһľ
Ϊʲô
Ѿﵽ񹥻ٽԵʮϣ޷ƣ
СٻĽѾ㣡
ʲô˼
СٻʥϣսľˮʯγҲԵγɵһ򣬶ҪҲҪմʯҪ򣬿ҪǧƷʯ
ǧƷʯַ类ָסˡ
ǵģʧʣʧʷǳߣǧֻǱعƣ
ַʵҵǼ㣿
ֻһ㡭ڲֻܽеʥΪȡꡯ͡ʥꡯ֮ܽ򡣡

ַһθܵ˱˵
򱬷˲䣬ַоԼٷ֮ʮѹƣ
ַ磬ɣ
ǿޱȵĹַ˹
·
Ǵ˿̣·һЧöûУֱַ֫ӱըķ飡֯һƬ࣡
Ȼַĵ֮ħֱн鱣ǿɱַ綼ܣ

֪Ĳ˰ɣ֪ʲôô򣡡
泷ȥӡַ硣
СӣͦӲⶼ
ַ֮ðѪݣڳݲĵˡ˭ɱ㣡
㻹ɱôַ磬óԪ飬
汾ɱַ磬ȴûзַκοռ䴢Ķãˡ
ַҪÿƺ쳾棬Ҫڶûзʶ֮ʹΪһǿߣַȻʹÿƺ쳾Ǵ˿ַ̣Եһǿʥڶַ֮ʹãͻһַɣֱַӻӰ쵽ַꡣ


317 
Ȼַ翿ǳ֮Ȼ˿е֪ǳ죬ַ֮ʹط˶ԣһֱַ硣
ʶַ壬ַ֯Ѿһ࣬֫ըƬƾҲ޷Σ
潥ķɾ裬ߵַߣһӣַϵȫʧ
滹ûзַκοռ䴢Ʒ
ַ磡ԪҾ͸һȫʬ
˵ŷַѾȫʬˣ֫ըˡ
ַŬţ϶ĵ桭ҡҶˣҪԪѾûˡȫ㡭ҪӦһ¡
ַ绹û˵ֱ꣬˹ȥ
һûأô
ַ磬ڻ
ַߣַ֮İٻѨ¡
˿̵ȫ˾ͷȻΪ˿̵ַѾʣһˣ֫Էϣһͨ˶ɱ
ȫ¾֮ʱַ˫ͻȻǹһ˿Ц
һ㵡
ƺ쳾
һεֱȻһȫתһѾ̫ˡ
оԼһ˲飬һͷԵڵء
㡭ôô
Ѫĩ
ɣ
ַļ䣬Ȼ֪滹ûʲô߸ĵˣַɱ֮һֱ׷ɱַɲɱ棬ָĵ˶Լ
ļ䣬ǰ׼
ַһͷĨȥ
ҵԪߣȥɣҿʲôö
ţԣ
ַоΣԼʶҲûַ̽һ֮£ֱӽʬǬʲôöԺо
ͻȻ龪ֵĴһַСģ
ַ绹ûзӦһޱǿַ巭ڵأ
ţַ屻ɫҽ˵صף

һЦصַĶڣַоԼȫһεĴֿƣҲ޷ɢȥ
ַȫһǿ߿ƣ
ô£
ȦףһƷҶûзĴڣǱǿǿߣľѾ˴룬ǲҲ̶ã˿Ѿ֪õľܣһʼ˾Ϳ㣬Ҳûа취
һߣ׵İ֮һɫϻϻ޿ţ֮һֺգһİ׻ͼ
û뵽һһС֣֮ϷôãЦϷҲ
㣬
ǿһգַ类һǿӵص˳
˭ַƱȷŻأɽ鱣Ӱַʶ
ңѵϲô
ַ۾ǿϵİۣ׻棡
ûϷ򣡡
ַ磺һֱڸ
û洳ǰ׻ǵĵ̣϶ʲôҪ£Ȼ취ɱû뵽׷ɱ㣬澹ȻϣܾˣʡöˣһڿԵõͼˣ
ͼַļ֪ȸ䡢׻ĴжһԼġͼͼһͿĳǽĴ޸
ĴһֱûлԷʱַ淢ͻ׻̵˸ˡ
׻ͻȻֳûпʬ壬ʬأûʬôȥͼ
ַ磬ʬأŪȥˣ˵ġ䡯أ㽻ٽԪϵƷʯҿԷһ
ַ˿̱׻ȫѹƣǽҲûа취˿̵ַȫ˸ס
ַ˴Σ֮±һʥ͵ϮַҲǳַ绹ǵ͹ʥʵ
ʱ׻оһڰϢϯѪ
Ѫħ
Īƣ˿ĪƻѪźַķ
Ѫħ󷨡Ѫݣ
ѪħȻϷ㣡
һâ˷ĪƵķȥĪƸͲ׻ϻĹַķȥ
ţĪƵ屻׻Ĺķ飬ЩƬһ֮лӰ
׻һ㶣񣡡
һ̣Īƺͺ³ַߣһĺ˸֮»ޡ
һлָƽֳֻʣ˰׻һˡ
׻ַ磡ѪħҪʬΣ
Īһֱڰбַ磬ĪƣĪǲ֪ʱҵַ֮ɱĪƣĪߣҲû׷ҪĿַ磡˵ĪƺͺֻСǵԼûʲôϵ
׻һ֣Ī׼Ѫħ󷨣ַߡ

Ľֵϣһʮò˴һʮһСŮǰУʱһʮҵ׳һʳʳСŮ֮˱߱ġ
裬ֱƯˡ
ƶ죡Ѻãұ߶ˣ
һߵСŮһЦ
裬ȫ½˶ַѪħ˻ҲǵЧҲ̫ˣҲȥҰɣַô౦ͷˡ

ַ硢Īƺͺ¡ַʹǧ񹦸ıòһʮҵ׳˴ġεĪƺͺ·ã˿̵ĪưݵַĪƵ衣
ַ翪ʼĪư˵֮ʱĪƴɣͶƱվַߣĪţ档
һ·֮ϣַ粻ͣĵϷĪƣĺ¿ֱЦ
ַĪһƬɽ²ųĪƵġѪħ󷨡ǳǿ󣬵ĪĿǰΪǿʹãĪΪ˾ַ磬ȫ͸ַ֧ȪˮĪƵľ϶ϵ
ȪˮҩĪƻָȫָ
ڼ䣬ַһڤħ𡭡
ڤħҪʥʯħʯھħĴºϳɡʥħʯ
һƷʥħʯĽɹΪٷ֮ʮƷĳɹǰٷ֮ʮԴƣʮƷʥħʯĽɹǰٷְ١
ַӵеƷʥʯƷħʯþħʯϳΪƷʥħʯ
ڽ֮ʱַķǳ󣬰սָʾСһ˿Ľš
ڤħָֻȫַݣ
ַ罫ʥħʯֻڤħȥڤħʥħʯĽ׶Σڤħһյ˲飡
ʧܣ
ַЩɥ
˵ռһʥħʯڽξͳɹˡ
СٻСţһνʧҲ֮УԺַʯˣɹʾ͸ˡ
ַ統Ȼףɣַֻʥħʯ

ַĪ֮󣬰׻ĸ󡯷׷ɱħöеһɱ֯׷ɱַ磡ѪħǿַһϢҲϯ½
ĸ󺮱׷ɱַ磬ʵĸѰַ磬ԼĴиȫĲ֮ء
¹ȥûҵַѪħκ˺˼һ
ʱµүүкҲַ磬ȥ򶾹ҵˡ졯ûмֻǸһҩֻҪҵҩ֮ϵҩƳɵҩͿκúµ壡
к׸մ򶾹ȳ½׷ɱַĪƣкױõҩǳ˷ܣϢĿҪ衣
ȻкַĪƵûйϵĵԼıŮ
ַ˸ճͷ½˶ɱѪħȻ½֮𣬶ɱַ磬϶Ϊַô౦
˿ַ̣ǰȥ½紦ݡ
ȥݣһΪ˱ܱܷͷַѧϰ֪ʶȻְҵ񽳵߼𣬵˵Щ֪ʶѧϰģУħħֱӽֱڽַ磬Ҳ֪ôȥ̡
ַڵʶһȫǳ֮ģַȥ˵ôȥʶ壬ַѹʲô֪
һֳɵģֱȥãôģõ˸֪
ַԵľ״
½ҩ
ҩǶ½һҩʦһҩʦݱһĵλҪߣߣΪٸߣ벻ҩ
ַ磬ûȪˮûнԪַ϶Ҫҩ˵ҩ
Ƕ½һȻ˵ʵҩͳ֮£
ЩʦǵãÿҲһαֻһӣӽˣǴʦ
͵ҩǵıرƷҩͽҪĶˡ
оĵ߻ҪսʿħʦĿ׺ʹãʱƣ߽ʹװ֮ϣװǿս
ͽѾˣϲоģǶԶ֪ʶֻһ֪⣬װװһƷ֮ԾɿԿ̻ģʦǻװ֮ſ̻ĵλãװֻҪʦ֮󣬸ֽԾȫںϳͣûа취
ԡѡˣڶĹ֮мĵ
󷨺ͽоѱоͱȽˡ
󷨣ܶ󷨲һɵģֻЩŻᰲרѡѧϰ½Щܲ󷨺ͷı
ѱŵģֻߵĸߣ߰Ѿѱ֮ϣЩѱʦܽһ͵ѱɸߵޣܽߵѱޣּҲСĿ
ְ֮ҵ඼ЩʲõȥѧϰʵˣûȥѧϰְҵġȻЩΪָߣְҵǴʦҲڣЩ˶֮еš
ַݣĽȫǹŵķ񣬿ִζ
ǸְҵãְָҵĴʦҲǳ࣬ڽֵתһȦܿЩؿڱŴʦƵˡ
ط߸ϵĴʦֻǵλȽϸ߶ѣ
ҪΪĵӣÿĴ֮⣬кܶ˵ĳƼҩЩ˵Ůӵȡ
ȻһᣬǾսϽĹھ
Ĺھÿ˶սģҪƷҩʦһҪһƷʯ
ַȻֱӽ뽣ȥѧϰΪĵӣͶǰƷϵĶʦ
ݶһЩְҵĴСûһɵĴڣַ練Ǵѧ𣬿϶ҪһǳСȥѧϰ
ЩС㽻þܳΪӣÿ춼רŵĽʦΣͬѧһʵѧϰѧһ㡣
ЩСѧԺһ㣬ݹ㳡ϣÿ춼ܿΪԼѧԱ
ַڱ죬ݹ㳡ŸŶӵǶųһ


318 ʦ
ַסԱתһ꣬ʵǣô࣬Ҷˣÿ춼ɽ˺ʲô
ҲǴİɣҶ˰ˣÿ춼룬·ĸְҵÿ춼гǧ̽˿϶ˡ⼸˻Ƚ٣ǲҲԥĸȥѧϰɣҲǰЩյ˶࣬ѧҲЩӣصϼ֮ü㿪ӾɹһӡЩѧ̫ǿЩʦֻʺõġ˽ȥˣʱ֤ûʵô죿ЩСûˣЩʦǼҲߣǶְֵĽѧѧҲûʲôѹǻȥ֮ûԸס
ؼЩÿѧѼֱǿӵһ˿ϱȫ׬꣬׬һƷʯֻЩѧϰ꣬СĻѧ꣬Ҿᰡ
˵һѣֱӰַ˵ˡ
ǣ׼ȥѧϰأôϼҴڵģҪչ˼ˣѧϰҲףλӦֵܵĸװɣĸá
Īλ֣ŭеģ
ֵܣȥСô죬˵ĶЩˣûʲôʣһƽƽӹӹʲô˶ֻҪѧϼ꣬ȥһüߺߣ
¸㣬磬ʵ߼һҳߣҼ˲ҳʲô£ңһ·Ѿһ̲ҶûгԷ³ˣҵѧѶˡ
ʼַԻʱǸǣֵܣһ˴ˡ仰ת䣬ַƭӰɣ
̾һ֮ͻȻһҪѧɣһҪΪҽʦһҪȫ˶Ϻõ
ǳ˵ıĵ
˵꣬ӹĽ
ַĪǺ˵ɱģһԵĺҲ̲סˣֱЦ
ˣллֵ˵ô࣬ҲˣȥԵ㶫ɡ
ַó˼Ʒʯǲƭӣַ˵Ʒʯһ㶼Ҫ
ַø߽ʯһгͨƷ֮µʯ
һץסַ֣Ĳ֪˵ʲô󡭡磬⡭Ǻ˰⡭̫ˣҼһƷʯͺˣҳһµˣòô̫࣬ˣƼˮ꣬ܲ𡭡
£ַ֪ǰ˲ƭӡ
ַû˵ʲôʯСУȻתȥ
硭һġ
ַڹ㳡תתһĵطһɶԵĶûУȥ
ַȥŶӣַȥһСʱȥɱַˡ
֮һŮһ׺ͷһ칫һӡĸڵϴ˯ˡ
ͷȵ֮ϣ˸оִʦķ緶Ȼַ緶ǿαװַܿ͸ˣΪؿڱһӡƷʦ
ԱߵŮͣߺţˣǵһѧԱһѧֻҪһƷʯ԰ס
Ů˰춼ûˣȻͲˣһӣ˹ֺ
Ȼ߹ַˡ
ַ˹ŮæӭȥλҪѧϰôѧԱһѧԱŻݻӦоУֻ벻ģûġ
Ůһ˫ֵݸַ硣
ַùһıǣݵһɡɣ
֮ڴܽ
ַ翴˱͵һ仰Ѫĳ嶯
ģַûȤֻҪ˽Լͺˡ
ǱѣλĸףãƷʯһҪһô
Ůæͷû⣬û⣬˾ͺá
Ůַдı񣬡ַ磿ֺϤ
ҽүүүүѾǰƷҩʦһλ߸ϵĴʦ

ͻȻĻʾҪ˵ȥ
֮ĸ˯ļһһѣŭĵĸ˯ôΪѧԱʳޣ
һŽеֻӵ㹤ɻʼʱǮûǵȻ˯
ֱַ뻻ȥѧϰĳ嶯ˣԺ˵ɡ
ַҪߣһӰԶﻹһȿţա
磬ȵңҲȥ
ַ亹˾Ƿַ·Ǹˡ
磬Ժ͸ˣ磬ҽзԣأ
ҽַ磬ã¡
һַ磿ۣ磬ֺţŶѵǺѪħһǸļһҴϼһߵﶼַ֣۹
ַ絭ЦǸһͺˣ˵ǸһôУǸͺˡ
ַȻû֣ûǸҪֻҪĪƺͺµֻ˾ͺáϰ˿ڣַҲа࣬˭ǰַǺѪħһǸַأ
˭һΪĳѧϰ죿϶ûţ
Թַ֣粻ÿȥΣ
һСʱַ֮缸ɡ
һԺʮ䣬ⷱشôٶƽ׵ĶԺһµҲ൱ˡ
ַ˽֮󣬿ǿ׳ĺ¯֮ǰű˶£о޴Ĵƴôš
˽ӶͣеĹӣĨѺַӭ
ַ˵֮ӽַ˰١
໥һ£ҲѧԱΪɲѧѣ򹤣ѧϰ
ַ˽һԭһССĶɣǰһɷͻ˱ɱˣ֮Ůͺүүס׼﷢չ
ַЩоԼطˡ
ڶ죬ַ绹û𴲣ÿַţǸΪǵʽ˵⣬ֻܰסܰˡУҪչʮѧԱܿΣ˵ǵĽʦֻһǾүү
˵ʱٷɿ죬ĲǮѾˣ㰮զզΡ
ⲻǿӵô
ôǮַ˵С˼
ַЩֱӶ˼ʯڿԿô
ʯð⣬ƴͷãϿΣ
ַͷ˱һ䣬νĽãһʮƽ׵ķӣɢİڷ˼ӡ
үүһ˽ʦλϣƷŲ衣
ַҲ
ԴеС㣬ѧԱأ
治ɫĵΪǵ߸ˣˣһˡ
һߣôǮĻ֮½ôֻѧԱôǵдʵĻ黯ĽѧԱһּҵĸоʵĻôǼҵĸоôôоǱƭͱӵĸо
ַû˵ʲôΪַ粻ںôǮԾͲͬˣǿȫ׬Ǯ͵ߵģıˣһƴ
ааЦţԣ㣬СǮˣ㲻ѧѽѧѣûţ
㡭
ƿڴסˣһˣЩ˵۸֮³ģС˿ֲһˡ
αӵԭҪΪַ磬ַɣԿ϶ǲġ
ȥλѧԱ衭
үү
Է˸ۣ˸ȥˣķ԰
λ°ɡ
ַŷ¡
Ϸһ֣ơϷûչӣλΪҲԵǿͷʦɡ
ԵУҲͬ⣡ֻѧϰģʦģʦҲ֮һƷʦΪʦ
ǮƭˣҪͷȻɣ
ʱͷԭһʦֱϣδȬֻǿһƷʦˡ
ʦϢǳҪַһ˵ס
ַ絭ЦţνбʦȻʦΪͽ֮ã
ַڵأȻһŷԹڵء
Ա򣬵ǱַһһεĴȲڵϡ
ʦϣͽһݡ
ַڷԵͷһ£ݣ
ȻҰݣҾͰݡ
˰ʦ֮ʱɫͱ䣬еĲ豭ڵϣˤķ顣
үү
˵ʲôǱƴϣʲô˵콫ɨɾ
үү
ƵãڿʼλҵˡҷŹ۲ǵʣԣϼѣԺ϶гɾַͣƽӹŬҲһԳΪһʦ
Բĵʦ˵ɶ㿴Ҽ۾֪ǵˣҲûи˵ҴַƽӹܳΪһʦأ񲻳ʦˣУʦҪ֪ŰƷʦ
ַȣԣһΪʦΪöʦ񣡡
ַһȣ¹ˡ
ڷԵĻƲûǵԴʲô˵ʲôǶ񣬶Ƕҵ𾴣ЩάҵĻˣмģЩİķУôǺǡ
˳Цˣ˵һʲô̼ˣ
ַ磺ʦأ
㣿Ƶûʲôһ͸ˣҵһۿʱ֪ѧˣ
ⲻǷϻôһﲻΪѧ
ַЦţʦˡѧˣ֪ʦϲϽͽأ
ȻͽܣȻϤĽ̵ұѧǣһϲҲʮ֮ڳΪʦҪýЩϲĶ֪Ҳǵһ
˵䣬ƵȻЩ
ƵĻַѾ֪ƵǱ˸ϵģƣǰҩһλ
⻰ڷԶΪͷ跢ˡ
ַ绺ĵʦЩͽ֪òý

ַǿʳǿΪĴųɱҾñ£ԼȥȽϺãˣûһ⣬粻ĺãʱ³ޣƽĹһγһ£
ɫһ䣬ͽܺôԼһ仰Լ뷨
ڽѵΪʦô
ҲңͽֻǸʦһЩѡ
һƣʦַ磬֪˵ʲôѵҲô
ƵʮҴŮƽʼиĽᣬ⿪ĽᣬΪʦᱧ
ַʦһҽѧϰһЩҽҿʦɫоɼͽǷΪʦһ
ƽɫ˲Լ־ϣֻҪԼ˵ҩʦҲСֻǼԼ棬ܿ
ãĿַ磬磬˵ʲô
ַЦЦʲôû˵
ƿЦţΪʦΪԼĲҩļλʦΪ˰ɡ
ַʶ֪֮̽Ƶұַۣ緢֣Ƶ־ȫϣѵĽ֮кһֻɫľ綾Щ綾Ȼǿѹ޷ѵĽȫһ
Ѿȫ綾ʴֲôʦǶûа취ʦҲûа취
ַȪˮ


319 ָ
ƾַܾĺ⣬ȻҩĴʦǶΪôַа취أЩΪԼҵеĻԼֱ֮ϣֻǿѹƶأÿζƶҪܶǮΪԼѹƶء
ƶ죬õֳ֣ץһЩ֮⣬ѾûκôҵȺͶԸַվԱȲ֣Щư˼֮ϣһֱƲʦƷ


һڿΣķǳ򵥣ǶԭһЩ֪ʶƽķǳȫ棬ַͷκĵطƶ𣬾ǷһЩ֪ܵ⣬ҲòĽ
ַһСѧһǳƽΣҲѧϰ
ַЩơ˵飬㶼ˣ㻹ʲô
ܲôЩ֪ʶҪģһһճѧߣŻܵġһͻܣȫ֪ߵĸоô
ַ϶Լʶһֱӵľ磬ַȫ֪ں𾳽ʶʲôġ
ѧϰ֪ʶΪ˺ƣûκμӣÿεĿγ̣ƶȫ֮뿪ԶƵ̬ȫĹۣÿμƶǳ
죬ʵγ̡
죬ڻĶ֪ʶǶ˶ȫھֽҲȫգ죬ǽʵĵһҲҪһ
˽⵽֮ǰûнӴ죬εһζ죬֮һССıԣһһѾֽҲԴһѣǸֻһλᣬۺͳƷͷƷ˭ĺã˭ʦ֣
¯Աߣѡģƣÿһ趼ķǳϸںϡ͡ʮӺһѺľֽͣ
ʦôô
һʵ⣬ֱڿ죬˵ʲô˵ʲôԶزס
ƵЩÿ̾һʦˣδȬֻ֣֣Ҫҵַͺãһģô
ŶԿʦˣûжʡ
ַ磬
ַ絭Ȼݵߵ¯֮ǰƵĲȡģںϡ
ÿһļһģһҲʮӺһѾֽͣ
Ȼַʱ֮£ƵÿСÿַôַô֮⣬ĵطһģһ
Ŀڴ϶֮ɫ
ǰɣ磿ôô죿ҸоÿĶʦһʱ䶼һ磬Ҳ̫˰ɣ
ԳͣŵĿһС
ԱڹۿҲǷǳԾѵַ֮ǰѧϰ죿ѧϰַеĶôүүһģһ
һ˿ʼѧϰ죬һѹĸ˲ǴٰǧѾֽĴһѾֽΪһƷʦַ羹Ȼһγͣ
ַ֮࣬磬ĺܺã죬Ҫȥ죬ҪԼ뷨ԼĹΪʦǣʵֻȥѧϰͲοģºͿȥ׷ϸڡ
ַ˼ĵ˵ͷлʦָ㡣
ԣ
Щţȫַݲȡ
ԿʼʱǳţʱĽ״̬ڰСʱԺɹƳһѾֽ
ţһξƳɹѾܲˡ
ʦĿ佱Բģŵ磬ҲԶˡ
ЩĵԣûнӴˣҪɹһѾֽǳѣҪٰǧѲܳɹȻ˵ĳɹǴﵽһƷʦҪ󣡶ﵽҪ󣡶ңԡαӮˡ
ǰɣĽʦ£ҴôãôӮˣ
ַ粻⣬ʦʲôطˣʦֱԡ
΢ЦţַľֽȷʦһóԽʦ
˵ţŮΪʦĽʦĽԿһԡ
ʹþֽѽԿ˹ȥ
ˡ
һѾֽˣϵƵĽַĽһȱڶûУȱ
ͷԳ͡
ԵʦĽôãΪʲô˵Ӯˣ
ַĽǺãǽõĶûпĻַһΪߣ
˫ͣǳţǰɣһλǿô
Ҳţַôһûʵͨˣôǿߣ
ַ翴˵Ŀ˵ͷû˵ʲô
ƼΪַһλǿߣȺͶԲԵѾ˺ܸߵľ磡ǼƷԶֻ³ɣһûдһǿߵһδһѾֽԷޱȣõʼ
Ʒɵ͵߷ΪʥǸ׶ΡȻǿĴʦҲֻܶƷҲǴʦļޡµƷ϶ܴķǳΪµЩ϶ߵԲٿصģϵĶǺǡֻһַǳСĸãҲʧܣ
㣬ȫԼ죬ûнκȥĵĴ죬˵ʤˣ
˵ûдַڴ֮ʱʶɨ裬ȫơƵĶַںϷ棬ַȷȥܽĸȷ棬ַһǿߣȵѾһǳߵľ硣
ѾַֽȷԼɡ
ַ磬Ϊʦ˵ĶԲԣ
ַͷʦѵǣͽ䡣
ƵȵĶ켶һļ֮ȥﵽ벻ЧֻѧϰĿʼ׶Σ֪ʶҪȫڻͨգ֪ʶʵĶ켶ԽߣͻƾԽѣҲ޷ȥܶһƷ
͸ְҵѧϰǲһģģͬޣְҵģͬޣ
ַ˼ĵͷѹûס
֪ûףԷԵΪ̫ͣЩײҪߵ·ַߵ·ǲһģַߵһֽݾߵһһӡȻϲַĲֻҪģַ磡
ԵʦⳡԣҰˣǴˣ
ַˣ
˵֮󣬺ݡ
ԴյַǰٺЦ磬ʦ֡

Ŀַ磬ʦַԶˡ
ַ֮ѾһƷʦҲƷʦȻΪַĵӣڶԵգнܵĴָǷֻԪΪԱġ
£ÿ춼ϤĽ̵Լѧһ˿Ľ̸ͽǳƣûѵλͽը¯¼ƵƵҲһЦ
ÿͣǼһԷַ簵нȪˮϡ͵˷ĳ̶ȼ뷹֮У£ÿ˵ʶõǳı仯ڵĶҲĻ
֪ڰаԼ˿϶ַ磡ַ粻˵ҲΪ˱ַ磬ֻܾľϤԼƽѧ
죬ʦͽʵΣַһѶȺܸߵͻȻͷһȣʮ˽ַĶ졣
ַǳ
ʮɷĳ˽Ϊ׵Ĵȵµ˭
ǰɵ֪´ôкָ̣
ǡڡҪչǵĵֵ̣еСȫչ֮ڰߣڰѵңϸǽˣΪ˲ǵʧչ۶ٷ֮ʮļ۶
Ƶǵĵ̲
ЦǼСɲǶ֪ǵ³˰ɣ͵ڵŭɣ
ŭʱȺ򣡡
ʮﳤȥ
ԱЩֵĵʦд鷳ˣǵĿڣ֪֮һλʦѧԺǧˡ
ߵƸǰүүǵﲻģﱾǷضΣչ֮ʱҾ˵鷳ģû뵽ô鷳үүҪ˰ɣһЩضƫԶĵ̷չ
ƳЦ㲻õģүүѾȫָˣССڣһô
ģüĿԲš
үүʲôʱƭ㣬ΣڳҵŭɣڽΪسĵһʯ

ݺٷɱս˻ǸְҵˣǵɱҲǱǵļǱԼܶʱɱңΪ˫˶¶עǱߵˣǹս˶¶עעִССһЩ֮࣬һλϼʮϰ
֮ڵչ̣ٴξܾ
δӵһڵĶʦ̹
̹ıֱһϮأؿڱʦƣʮߣʦӡ
ƣô겻ô￪˸ССİɣҳԾ
ԣ̹ʶơ
Ц̹Ҳû뵽㣬һССƷʦҲΪһʦ
̹Цû뵽¶أչǵĵ̣ʶĻǣִⲻֻ¼ˡ
ƻô꣬ûоܾκսǽսңҲܾɣҵҪô꣬ѧʲô
һսƣȻ·ǳĻܣֻнļλʦ֪ǰ⼸λ֪
̹ЦЩҿ϶ѧϰǶ죬Ҳ˶ʦʦЩ쵹Ǽˣô˰ƷʦˣѧϰĿȫǴţĹǴ۽ˡ
ɫһϻ˵Ҫսս˵ʲô
϶Ƕĵ̣˵ңӴ뿪ݣ̤뱱һ
ЦãӮأ
Ӯ˵ǲҪص˫Ǯʦô
ã̴ʦ롭
ֵ̹ʦŪˣҳֺȣҵİͽ
Ȫʦԡ
ǣʦ
̹һʮӢǰĿֱƣҽлȪƷʦʦָ̣
ǶԼ裡ȻɳͽܺԼȣԼͽܸû취ѵԼϳЩСôӮҲ޹⣡
ַ֪ʦĴæǰʦȻ̴ʦͽܲҾͳаɡ
һ㶣漴ǺðɣҪСˡ
ƸַܾһأԼ˶ַ簵κõģ˿϶Ǹ߸ϵˣߺкܴĺֻ̨ѧϰѡ˿ַվ϶ʮİա
ַٺЦʦİɣһɱƨ
ԺַϳǳԾЩЩġ
ַǰŻȪҽַ磬Ʒʦָ̡


320 ڱ

ַһ˵Լļ𣬻ȪЦ߶һЦ
Ʒ֣֪ǾƷʦһƷʦұȣ
̹ûЦ֪ƾԲ³ç֮ˣĿɨַ磬ֿ͸ĸо
֪Ҫʲô
ַЦðͱȾֽɡ

ЦȪٴδЦЦıᶼˡ
ֽ֪ЩѧͽŻĽԴ쾫ֽȷ˾úЦ
ַ侲ĵܺЦôǻ㲻ұȣǻһѾֽ첻ã
Ȫʮ㣬кβɣǣҾǵĶԼЩˣڵƤĶԼǱ˴ʦĶעҲͷ˼أ
ַ絭ȻһЦȻôģǾͼӵͷһĲͷҸûʲôȤǾͶɣ
ΣûЦһ
Ȫһ𣬡֣ڿЦɣ
ڿЦôַһٶĳЦңѾҵĵߣܲ
ߣȪҲЦȻҪһ㲻ɣԼΪ֤
̹ǩһݵƤԼַͻȪǩһԼ
ԼЧκ˲Υ棡Υߣִ߾ͻŻǱݵĹ
ҵ¯̧
׳󺹽һɫľ޴¯̧¯¡أ˻Ȫǰ
¯һϵȽƶɣǶŸߵȻϵˮϵȸ־ʯַ¯ֻһͨľ¯¯ҲµȵĻϵʯ
ȪַЦţ롣
ַû˵ؾصİʦַ˰Сʱʱһѷǳͨľֽ
ַҪ֮ʱȪŶ֣ӵʱ䣬һѺľֽѾɣ
֣ˣȪĿַ硣
ڳ˶Ȫľֽˣޱȣַľֽǳͨ޹⣬гϳ۵ֽͨѡ
ַ絭ĿŻȪô˵Ҿô˵ôһ˵أ
ַ磬㿴Ľ޹⣬һͨľֽҵľֽѾֳ˭ҵĽĺã㻹ǿʶ
Ȫ˵ʵַľֽȷǳַͨһκͷԱ֮ʱľֽá
Ƶɫǳѿ˵ʲôǿַ赭д飬ǷһԵıƵĸ첲촽ЩỨ
ʱַܵǰŻȪѾĶĽɫÿʹô˵ǽ⣬УҴĽ϶ĺã
ûж룬ֻǿ߻ȪĿѣʼվַߵģͨ⼸¶ַ˽⣬һֱоַĪ⣬ԶַҲΩǴӡڷҲóַľֽȪĽȻַ϶ַӮ
ȪΪ˵ԼѾӮˣڶֵķŭֻоЦѡ
ŶȻλֵܾҵĽȲĽⳡľ֮ټһٶģ
ЩĵľͶģʲôʲô
Ȫʦܵ
һЩ־壬ַʱŷصĵ˵ͷ
ȥˣϴ󶼸ҶҶʲôҵģˣ
ԺɣľͶģʱˣԿʦܵͷ
̹һʮ߰ȫŶ£ĿЩܵĿ˳̹𣺡ʦҲô
ԴЦЦˣԭʦǸСҶҶģң
ԿʼʱЩ£һ㶼ˣԼǼһϴʦͽܣ˾ˣдԼأӮ˵ĻԼ׬ˣ
̹ԼĶӣʦڣһжû£İɡ
һҧãҶˣ
ַʱҾķû˼ͷ̫ˡ
Ȫ㻹ʲô
ַĿ˳̹𣬡Ͷϳ̴ʦô
̹Цǿַ磬ҵʲôģѵʦô˼ɲֵǮ
ƴŭ̹ʲô˼
̹𣺡ǺǣһλʦֻһƷʦͽܾǾƷͽܵΪκȣ
㡭һ˵
ַ練ʣǳ̴ʦֵǮأ
̹óһŰƷʯĻҿԿǺģ
Ȼ̹˼ףڵľԼһӮҲģԲſһŰƷʯļ۸񣬰ƷʯһĴʦò˶ַ֪϶ò
Ʒʯǰɣû뵽̴ʦôۣǺðɣҶˣ
ַĻ䣬гһŽʯʯĽӴ治ۡ
ż񰡣ˡһͷԵڵأȷˡ
۽ǵĿַ磬ַ֪һǸû뵽һһ
Ƶı齩Ӳϣ룬ַ絽ʲôˣ
ַóһУʯװ棬Ľɫʧ
̴ʦһλʦƷʯӦϳɣǧ˵ҵʯļٵġ
𹫻˶ַʮʯѾϳΪŰƷʯó
ַ̹óƷʯһ̣֪ԼߵˣƷʯһõĳô
һʦĲƸۻһƷʯǾƷʯһλʦóһŰƷʯ϶òУҲãνƲ¶ôıôó
ڣַ⣬ôóһŰƷʯ
ֻ˵һַǸɵӣڶַһˣ
ַɵôôһĳˣ
̹ɫһͰЦݣַ磬һᣬⳡˣǻƤǮַ磬Σ
ַóһŰƷʯó̹۷ˣ̹һһԱˣδ֪飬ȥðգҪԸַ磬ڲʱ򣬵ȵԺַĵϸ˵
ڳ̹ҪľǺַ罻ã
̹Ļһ㶣Żޱȵĳ̹ôͻȻˣʲô
˶ף̹ý¾ôˡ
̹ȷ黹졣
̴ַʦǮǮǶ٣ΪҪôΪǻȱôǮô
̹ףÿ˶һߵģַ磬֪ҪʲôֻҪܰæģһ
̹ڷȴڷݣȺʵݣж³
ַЦ˼̴ʦҪĶǸ˵ģҪһٿʮƷʯô
ʮƷʯһٿţ˵һĲƸһҲòΪ½ϣûгֹʮƷʯ
̹ЦֽǲϰˣҪ㲻ɣ
ַĵľѾʼǴƵʱǾҪǵǴǿƣǾ˵ˣô˵ôΪһʦԶţ㻹ʲô㣡
Զôˣ˭֪һССɣµôɱ˭֪
ַЦ˵޳ˣΪû֪ô
ַĻ䣬ɵĴűһɴƿ漸ٺӿ˽
˵Ŀȫڳ̹ϣ˶һĵĿų̹
̹ɫһ±ɫ˵Ļ϶ЩˣЩ˶һ⼸չ̵ˣ
ǰɣʵûʲôֵģЩ˶һҪԸˣҲֻǹϷֻڰпŶѡ
̹תͷԼʮ£ŭЩǸʲôԵģ
һλھɥʦǶΧûˡ
ַʶ֮£Щڵʶ϶ǷֲˣǼٺˣ
ô˵ע֮£̹޲Ҹطȥ´ȥһڵܵӰ죡
ҲýţűʦֻǺʹҿЦѣڶľ֣ȻҪУȻҶҽžǣһŰƷʯ϶Ǳʦģ
ַ絭Цţ̴ʦѾûõʯˡ
̹ʱַͻȪľֽͽȪľֽҪַĺúúܶ࣬ڳĸλǶʦɣ˭ϳԼ飡
ã
ܿ߰˸ʦǰѾֽЩ˶ĬȻǳַĽȪĽ
̹ҶˣҲˣⳡַʧܣͽܻȪʤ
Ȫһ⣬̹Ҳ
ȵȣַ粻мĵôôǲĽÿ˵ˣǲһŵĺÿһˣ
̹Цַ磬ɱʦЩս۹ô
ַƲʹҲǣڱǣ֪жĺûֱӵİ취Կѵǿô
ãַ磬ξķڷ
̹˫ͬԿȥȻô˵Ŀ£ȥ٣
һĽһѽˣһѽȱ
˴ڳܶ˶۾ŵĿһĻ
εǰѺĽǰƽĽ
̹Ķ񣬲ŵĿеĶ̽ɫɲǼһƬҰףܣܡܣ
̹˴ʵ
ַЦûʲôܣκζܿҲƾԼľȥжϣֻж֤ȷģ
ַ仰ȫװƣΪַ֪áɡȪľֽ˴벿ֻ֣ڱûѶνǽ⣬У
Ӯˡ
Բ֪ʲôʱӡΡ֮˹ַĽ˻ȪĽ˷ܵļкʹЦ
Ӯôʹ۾߽һ㡣
Ҳ˷ܲѣѹסԼȵ̹𣬶ľѾλڶֶԼ
̹Ʋ´ȵϣɱЩˣ
ŭݵĹѵϲôֻҪԼЧҪԸķ䣡Ĺ˶ҪɱڣϺڣ
û˸սϣΥ棬Ƕִ߾ͻ֣Υɱһɶ
̹Ѿͽܶ˿̳̹Ҳֻƴ
̹ЦϣûˣҪʲôϣɱǣ
̹¶Щĸ֣Щ˶Գ̹Ĺ˵ִֻУ
ַʶЩˣֻתڣʣµĶʣЩַûʲôв
ԳʮǿߣַоħһǽһʽɨȥеѾƬ
ڵɱѾַǰַûгУħ˳ȥֱӱһࡣ
Ȼħ̬ѾýһѾ޵ȫ½ַͨ磬ȻַĻַȻұ¶Ŀꡣ
ֻǼʱ䣬̹±ɱһɶÿ˶Ƭ
ôѪȵĻ÷ԺһŻ


321 ս
̹ͻȪʦͽֱŵĴڳ˵սľΧٹڻĿˣ׷׳Χ˹ȥ
ǡҪʲô
û˻شÿ˫Ŀ֮еŭѾ̹߳ˡ
ɱ
ٹڽ̹ʦͽΧƬ
һˣרŲ̲ЩСЩС˶ں֮ǣûȥڣںò״סûᣬһӵϣ˴ж˿飡
ڵĴʦɱ´ŭ
֮󣬴ڱڡ̲Ϣ
ЩûдʦעҪΪһЩСɣڵĴʦɱûдʦЩ֮ǰɶ׷¡
ڷչȥھԻķѣܿڼ֮Ѿ˥䣬ǴŰͶ˸ڡ


ܿԹڼ䣬ַѾɳΪһƷʦҲΪһƷʦ
ò˵ƵȷһλʦýĻ˵ڲһͿԳΪʦļԣʦÿ춼ϤĽ̵Լе֪ʶȫڣѧֻж̶̵İʱ䣬˾ͳΪ߽׵Ķʦ
ƶͽܶǳ⣬صǷԡƲϲַ磬ƾôķˣַ糤һദоַһصǿߣܴһ潲ַ綼һҪ뿪ˣԲһûʲôĻ˼ߡ
뽫ԼŮԣԼʲôµĻŮһȴϲַ磬ƿղѡҹַί̸£ַԼңƷ
ԱţԼʱܳΪһƷʦͲˣֻҪΪƷʦص磬췻ܰȵĹһӡڣԳΪ˰Ʒʦһȥ˼ûУΪµĿĵıҪΪʦ
ַƿͻƴʦһѵģаٷ֮ʮϵĶʦǿھƷʦԵ޷ͻơ
ַҲסˣȻַĿǰþħĻһʦƷַ粻ҪħҲҪκҪԼΪʦ
öȥͻѾûκЧãһ־͸ϵĶеһӶ޷ʦľ磬򵽵Ļͻˮɣһͻƣ
ʱǰﲻæģƸַ署˺ܶʦľ飬ûκãܵĽҲûа취ȫҪַԼ
ַ翪ʼչأǱչû죬ַܲˡ
ַһֱᾲչأһַչصһһʱ䣬һʱ䣬ַȲѣҲǶ꣡
죬ַһֱƲ֣ȥ˽ɢʿɹһЩƵ顣
ַ磬ľַ˴ʦĸ߶ȣǾ󾫣ȴ޷ͻƣÿοʦƷʧ֮ʱ㶼ķҡһˣľֻ翵˼Ȼչظôѡһַʽս֮
ս֮
ַвͣ߶仰ַͻȻǰһǸע⣡
ǣڶ죬ַ˵Լ뷨Ҳͷͬ⡣
ȻҪսɵĶʦŷԺһȥɣΪʦҲҪչء
ЦǺðɣүүϿҪչ˺ԼŶҸλʦȥඡ
ԣչ˺
ַ˸֮ʣͻȻðôͻأһ仰仰ûʲôԣƵǳأиͽһ㡣
ɵЦţİɣʦҺʹһչ˺ġ
Ʋ͵ҲŲҪչأôˣѵչԼѽ
ȥһĸ׺á
ַĪƵķ䣬Ī˵Լ뷨ֶĪƵܣҾʦβǱչأȥ𣡶Ҫʦ
ĪƵҶˣиòˡ
ôҲѧϰ˲ٰɣҲǾƷʦ˰ɣ
Īһ㶣Ҳ֪
ʦÿνΣҶоʶ㾭ҹ͵͵Ķ죬ΪӰ
ĪΪ֪ģû뵽ᱻַ緢֡
ȥʦô죿ź°бһ˵ȷ㣬ȥľ̶Ѩ
ַ¾ͽˡ

ƿԶȥıӰ̾һ૵ĵǵ˸ˡ

磬߹ˡ
һС֮ڣһƷʦŵĳ˽ţ
ʲôǺˡ˵һƷʦҲСɵϯʦ
ɵַ磡
ʲôƷʦһеĲ豭˵ϡ
ɱһʽСɣԴɺڵǼ֮ɵճ죡ȻҲֻһЩС֮һЩĴͲעЩС֮ս̲
ԱߵһʦϴǺûеɰɣǵôСôƫԶҲûʲôˮ̣ȫǶһװ˵سۣûκγͻɵô鷳
ȥ֪ˣʲôᡣ
˳ȥ֮󣬿ַˡȻַ硢ԡͺ¡
ַ翴ǸƷʦǺɣҪԣ
۾гһߣЦ֣֮Щᣬȫ¾ûһ˵ɡ
ַ絭ĵ֪û˵ңֻսѣ˶ѡ
ĵһ˼ˣܾܾô
Ȼս֪ʲô
κսжԼģǲ̣֮Լ
ַܼ򵥣ӮˣҸһƷʯˣһƷʯǳɣ
һƷʯһ㶣۷Ź⣬һƷʯԽȥˣҲֻǳȲҪ̣ҲǻʲôҪǣ˻ƷʯԴûɣ
ַʯǣݵʱַȥֻᣬһƷʯһٸƷʯַ繺ֶϣҲˣַȥһ˼ٿš
ò˵нڣϳκʮƷ֮µʯûʧʣһƷʯܶһٸƷʯٸƷʯܳɹϳʮƷʯѭϳȥַܿͳΪַڲô̫󣬾ͻɣһϢ͸¶ԼԻΪЩǿɱĿ꣡
һûǿĺ̨ұ¶޶ĲƸ
ȻѾȥ½ѰַѪħټַ粻Լݱ¶
Щŵʵ֣ûɣӮˣƷʯˣ㻹һƷʯ
ַ˵ģ峼ôǮ˻أ
ַͷǵģûԼ
Ҷģ˭˭ɵӡ
Ժܿ쿪ʼⳡַӮˡ
ַ֮ڰ֮սʮСɵľƷʦַȫʤ
ַһֱûֹͣսַͨսԼѾͨʦǵţֻҪһͿţȥ
ַ֪ԼҪս
ַ罫ЩСȫͳƣַսƷʦսƷ֮µĶʦ
һ¹󣬽ܱСȫַͷսӮַܹΣ԰ܹʮ˴Σû죬ַͷսЩˣڶսõʤ
ַսԼܿЩС֮˳Լݾϵڱһ㣡ܶʦַ磬ҪַԣӮкôֶΪ
ʱ䣬ַ罫ΧûдʦСȫַ̲ˣЩ̲Ҳˣû˳Կ
һӳôַ࣬統Ȼַ粢ûаռǵĵ̻һЩԽܵҪ󣬶ֻһ㣬ǽеС£
ַһͳһеСȻҪͳһЩСǳɣǱԺͶԼͿɵġҪͲȻǰǲַͲȱǮ
ַ罫ܱͳһٷ֮ʮϵǳ⣬еСһҲʹһ𣡵ǻһС˲ַİţȻЩС˶ᱻַ֮ȫɱ
ַ绨ѴЩɵĶʦȫУһѧԺѧԺЩƷϵĶʦǶѧԺĽʦַÿ¶̶Źʡ
ѧԺѾһĹģȻڼвٵͣЩССַǿʵͲ֮ȫ
ºѧԺʽ
ѧԺշѵΪѧԺʳޣֻҪѧǾͿϽ̣ûκεƣΪЩȴûǮȥѧϰṩһǳ̨
ЩѧѵˣѧԺֻҪԺ󳥻ͺáȻ㲻㲻Ҫ
ʼַսЩƷʦʱֻΪԼΪǺȴ뷨ַҪߵģЩΪʦзԺ롣
ַʦ㣬Ϊʦһ£ʴ˲뷨
ȻǲģЩСˣЩûѹƣȵԼɳһĽ׶ΣЩ϶ѹƣ
ͳһССκһΪʲôΪЩСˣЩ˶ۣҲΪСĴڣЩָ߸ϵԽС
κ棬һΪ˽Ǯַͳһ֮ÿṩĲǰļЩ˺ֶΪأ
֮ǰҲкܶ˺ַһ뽫ЩȫγһΪϵ⣬ûдʦ⣬ֻǳɳһĽ׶ΣЩѹƣЩں֮ڡȻ
ַȻ뵽㣬Щѹƣ
ַ֪Ͷ˷ڣ֮ǰַڷͻַ罫һĿ˷ڡ
ַսλʦϢһ֮ڴ˽Χÿ䡣
Ĺսڲܾܾܾˣֻɥ
֮ݹ㳡ַͷλʦʽԾ
˴εĹǽˣһʦ֮µıԻЩС֮ıǲҪ˵ġ
ֻһеɣͽǧ࣬λʦͽļλʦһЩ飬һλʦΪˡ
ֳսַĿƽںͶļλʦĿ˿ţһԵķԺ˶Ǻ
磬һսӮôЩš
ַ߷ҪսڵĶʦ֮ʱԼֹ֪ȻַļѾһֻ˴ʦľ磬޷Ĵʦ⣡һСսһ϶ǶԿɲַʲô¡
ַ˵ͷ֮սҴûаյ£ֻһʼҪΧĴʦսֻҲͻƣ
λȻַĻǹһ˿תͷַ磬ַ磬˵Ƶͽܣ
ַͷǡ
ʦûн̸㣬嶯ϣȫѧˣʦͽʦھȪ֮ҲĿˡ


322 
ַк䣬ٴʦ⻰ʲô˼
ٵⱾǽڲ£Ӧø㣬ƵĵӣҾ͸ɣʦѾˡ
ַһ𣬶ʱŭ졣
һͣƭˣƭˡүүģ
Ǻǡϸ£ȥǽҪսˣǸ˳ȥʲôˣ˭ͼôƲģȻһǿߵİǱ˽ʦ˵ƼˣҲһκԶĻᣬ룬ʲôˣڰǰѾͻʦľ磡һʦսģˣǸظָˡ
ʦ˵ڶǰǽĴʦΪ˱Ա֣˷˽û뵽ôִԲ򣬻Ǻǡַ磬ΪĵӣҲĺʦ񡭡
ѿ޵滨¶棬ڿƲסԼеǽһСˣҸĸǱģһᱨ
ٴŭ󵨣ˣˣ£
˹ַŭ˭Ҷ֣飡
ַһʣʻûзӦֱķ˳ȥ
һ۾ַ磬û뵽ַһλ֡
ַ綢źٵִܶû˼ı֮УǸԶԼź棬˵ǲǣʦ
ҧгݣãֵǮܺҵô
ַЦȷûа취ͺʦȣ㺫ʦһȲ
㡭
ַûй֣֮㺫ʦΪԼǸ߸ϵĴʦǲЩݵ΢˵ûôΪǴʦô˵ֵǮ㣬ֵǮҺģ
ٲŭЦãַ磬һʱ֮ıԣҿô
ʱҲˣ˫Ĳˣڱʼ
ַĶַ̲ЩСˣվٸƷʦмǧƷ֮µĶʦߣλʦ⣬ֻʮˡ
ڷڵ˵ʦһʦµıȣСһ׮ûȥӣַߵ˾ͲͬˣǵϴӮˣԺɾվסţˣôŬ͸
ԣߵڵľȫͬ
λʦַ磬ȫǲмû˰ַ
ߵĴʦַʲôʲôɡ
ǰҸʱ䡣ұߵĴʦһĮ
ȫһӣ
ַЦãȻλʦôȣҾ˵ˡ
ַ˶٣ˣҺʦֻãλʦһҲˣô
˵˵˵ܺ˱ô
ַ磬
λʦľٺãҲַķŭ
ַ粻мЦţǺãټһƷʯǶģô
ʦɫ΢䣬зŹ⣬ܿϨ֮ǰַڳ̹ʦĵӻȪ֮ʱóһŰƷʯȻûŵģڳĹۿ˵ȥҲûţƷ˴½֮Щõó⣬˶ò
ַ翴λʦĿòЩĵôĲģһ仰
λʦԥˣһóһƷʯټôĵս˸оЩˣô˿ţŵĻѾ˳ȥöģ
˼˶ԼˣǲܵĻ飿
ãǶˣλʦӦ
ЦǸƷʯķϣҲġַ磬֪Ҫʲô
жĳλʦǿʯķϲŴ˶ԼЩʦͨ˵޷һ߽׿ʯȣ
ộ
ַ絭һЦԺܼ򵥣ֽ
У
ϴκͳ̹ʦͽܱҲȵǾַֽӮˡ
⼸£ַսپƷʦÿαԵĶǴ쾫ֻֽ˵Ѿ˴ʦˡ
ܣַΪʦܺλǰô

۷׷ס
λʦûУֻȻ
Цַ磬ȷҪԴ쾫ֽ
û
ãλʦҲûʲô
λʦҲܷˣǰѾ˵ˣַ
ַһ죬λʦκһӮң䣡
ַ仰˿ûаλʦ
Բѣ

ַ絭ЦҲҪпıǮ
¯̧˽ַ¯ԼϵȲϴ¯ĻҲϵȾʯ
λʦ¯Աַ¯ҪϼΣַ粻ЩλʦʦַҲа취ӮΪַף
ʼ
ַٵĽ¯̨ϲ϶¯λʦҲͬʱˡ
ЩʿַĶַѾﵽ˴ʦļ𣻶ٿλʦַȻַӾ
ڣ˶ԼƷ˵ʱȺֻмҡ
ַʶ̽⣬ԼľֽȷûλʦĺãȻֻһ㣬ǲ֮ʧ֮ǧ
ĶԱȣַ϶ܣַ粻òʹȥ֣
˺ϸļѽ֮ЩİЦλʦʤ
ַŭ٣ѵǽ˾ô޳ô
ٴŭַ磬ʲô˼
ַЦӮˣ㾹Ȼ˵λʦӮˣôɵô
ɫͨ죬ԼΪ߸ϵĽĴʦôûĸ˸Լɣ
ַ磬ɱʦļˮƽô
ַЦҵȻļˮƽҾڹˮߵڰףʤˣȴ˵λʦʤ˸⣬Ʒ⣬ļˮƽ⣬λʦͨ˶Ըңأ
λʦŭ
ںԣ
˵˵
ַ磬
ַЦǣǸ߸ϵĴʦҸôȻλΪηŭ˿£
ַ磬㡭
ַ磬

λʦַ̣Ϊʦ֮ϴ϶ַĶ֡
ѹһ¿Ҫߵ飬ַ磬ΪʦᴮͨԸ㣬Լ̫˰ɣ
ַƽĵûдͨû٣ûıѽһ²֪ˣ
ʱȺ˴󺰣

ܿ죬ֳսǡ
ַսپƷʦÿαϣýƽҲʵ
ãַ磬ף
ץͬԿȥ
˶ɵˣǿʦĽ綹һַĽϡ
ܣ
ٵĿбĳ֣ҡ
λʦҲһͣɫͱ䣬쳣ѿ
ַɵЦûʲôܵģʵýţҲú£һѽأλʦĽҵĽҲӮ
ַĽѾһλʦĽַĽȱַĽȱڵĻٺһλʦĽԿ˳ȱڿȥַĽһΣȴûУ
һʦĽֳ˶ס˺ȴŽ
˿
һַĽֻǳһССȱڣλʦĽϳڡ
һݵļžַɳԱ˷ܵĴִʦִʦ
ȫΪַ绶ֳ˴඼СˣЩ˾ѹСڱַܣЩ˿϶ַ֧磡
ڵ˸ңٺλʦѾ̣
˵ûɣΪ߸ϵĴʦȻڱ֮٣ԸңǿЦǶˣǲҪҼ޳ܵģûмô޳ܵģνĴʦ
˿̣ڻȻ۷׷ףͷӶ˿λʦһңַĴԶԣ޲Ҹطȥ
ַ֪ıλʦĽԱַĺãôŪףΪʲôǵĽᱻַĿϣ
˵ýڸǸܣپԲ£
ַĿĴӺٺλʦɨ˾ˣѪжԸķ䣬Լ˾٣ҶɱǣɱǻҵĽذɣ
ַλʦɨַ粻ɱˣ´ȥԺҲڱݻ첻ȥ
ڵһλʦŭ𣬡֪˭أҲûʲô³
ַЦûȤ֪˭˵ģǷڵλʦʲôҶ֪ΪûбҪȥ֪˵֣
ʱŵ˶ԼλʦױǩĶԼǲأֻýִˣǺǣʱ²Ҫôˣ
ԷǳţҿЦѣɵ˶޼ɵĴЦ
ǰЩСҳЦЩ߸ϵĴʦ˴ʦ˵һ㶼ңڣַᣡѾ̵ˣ˭ԳЦ
ڵһλʦͻȻһѪųһתͷԱߵĴʦĵ֣Ըķ䣬ôǵϵѾǱȵصҲк֪ܶ࣬һģû뵽ǻܸһСѡ˾ˣǲҪȥˡ
λʦ˵ûǲִˣڶĨȥ
λʦ˵νص
һλʦʧ룬ڵĿ⣬ּȵѹ
Դһأأ
ҲУأأ
ţȫڶأ
λʦڳܲסޱȾ޴ѹγ˽һҧݺݵ֮Ĩȥ
ףס
һʮǰλʦʬ屧ڻʹ޲ѡ
תͷĿԹĶַ磬𣺡ַ磬ţ˳𲻱ĲΪˣ
ַĿ֮һ˿ɱ⣬ĵãҵ㡣
ַ粻ɱЩˣһ仰ַŭַɲԼ
ôǰַ粻ܹɱˡ
ַߵһСһ˽ڵЩȫɱһǵɾ㡣
λ
ַתͷ˺٣ʦڸˣأԶأ
ЦǽˣҰѲ쳤㿳ô
ַ֪ЩС˿ɱǽˣ㶯ˣǲΥԸ㣬ǰᷢʲôǾͲ֪ˡ
ҪԸַĻԿһҹַ֮еʧ
ַЦѲ쳤㿴ҸҲң
ٺ⣬ˣûκҶģ
ٷǳ쳤˲ӣĵ⣬ӣַ磬Ӹ㣬ɱңҾɴӱʧ
ַԱߵķԵʦ֣벻볢ֿһ߸ϵĴʦζʦǽĴʦ
Щ£ǿԱ˵ĿⶼԼ֪һкβң
Գ󵶣һ򺫾ٵĲϿȥ


323 ɯ
Ѫɽٵͷ˵ϣһߡ
ΣֳһƬžû˻ɵҲûлһľ֡
Ƕɢȥ
ַԷЦˬˬ
а촽ЦˬȻǰҲɱˣˬɱһʦˣҲֵˣ

ѧԺڿʼѧԱЩĽɲѧѵ֮ⲢûмˣΪѧԺûһʦûдʦĶʦٶֻ࣬С
ǣܿ촫һϢѧԺԺַսλʦһٻλʦλʦὣأ
˷ˣѧԺдʦһһλʦ
ʱڣѧԺѧ˱Щ£һЩȥַֻԵĳ˵仰ûټϴȵѧԺ˵һѧԺǧˣ
ַθȷʵܴȫѧУģʽӪģʽչˣͲգ
ȻʼʱҪǸԼѧԺҪĸ߶ȣҪһԶԲһӵġ
ַսרѡЩ۸ѹեЩСսÿս֮ս
ַս죬ɱλʦȻԵĶǴʦƷǱԾַֽԼܲˡ
ַȻÿζȡʤַڶ֮ʱȷǾǳĶ죡
ַоλʦĽǰλƷʦջҪԼʦǵһ
з磡ַЩӡ
ַ֪УʱЩһԸԼַʱѡ֣Լ׳֮㡣
Ʒ϶ʦѾﵽǧѾҪЩԴ⣬ַȱٵǴʦȱٵΪǿߣ
ЩҪɣֻҪɵļͷĿɾԻ߽⣡ϾЩС̲˶ʱûа취Щмʮϰ̵Ĵȵġ
˿ǿиɣ˵ˣҲַһ֧ţֻҪַ絹£ɾͻ군
ַߵֻλڣٶʣǧ࣡Щ˶ЩСˣַͳһļУַ罫ʺѧԺıϣԼڡ
ѧԺڿʼʱһֱӯ״̬ϾӪĿʼҪʽκʼչǮ֮Żĺ
ַ粻ȱǮѧԺµĶʦǣһѧһ⣬ıۡ
֮ѧԺѾʼӯ״ַ̬翴ų˵㰲ĵЦˡ
ַ罫ѧԺڲ¸㶨ǽַ罫Ըҵıꡣ
ַ羭Ĵΰɱÿΰɱַ˶һЩںʵǿߣЩ˶ַĽ¡
ַǵļ䣬Ҳ֪Щǿ߶ǱԼɱʦЩģ
ַ粻ֻܵȴű˵İɱȥ϶ǰ취ַû£ȫԱɱַˣûСַ粻ԡºʲô¡ԣַҪԼĸ֣
ǣַ˵һļƻ֣
ַ̻ͨῪʼչҩġ
ҩҲڱݣչҩģֻ㹻ĲƸһЩҩ֮⣬κҩĶչ
ַһ̻ᣬȻǺͷԡºһģ߻ڡʱ䣬Եһֱַһַ粻κΰɱĻᡣ
˶Ǵž޴ĶңװС
ֻҪ̻ĵ̣û˸Ҷֵġ
ӴַһλʮӣǮвţǮвŷͷĽӴַ뵽˽ܻҡ
ǮвŸַ֮üЦ֣ҵĲүˣҪһأ
̻ЩԱÿ˶ԼĿͻַȻǮвŵĿͻǮвĿͻ
ǮвűֻһССĹԱڱݹʮ꣬ûַһƴֵĿͻ
ΪЩĿͻЩйϵ˶ˣԼֻܽһЩСӣһμַʱҲû⣬ַһʯһַ֪һȻͻǱܵģֱǮвŵҹǮвſ϶й¶֣
Ȼ𹫻ĹԱǲй¶˵κϣΥߡɱ
̻⣬ʲôˣҲʲôֻǮûȥͻıΪ̻ƴ֣κεˣҲµκҩҪ𹫻Ἰӡ
ҩɱһ𹫻Ҫͻ𹫻һʧ𹫻ҩ⳥ҩҲֻ⳥⳥𹫻ͻҩ濪ս𹫻̬ȷǳǿӲҩȻ𹫻ᣬûбҪΪһʲƸ𹫻ȥսԣֻ⳥
𹫻ʵ
ַһһЩʯ֮óһҩǮвŵҪҩĲϣ֮ڼá
ǮвŽӵҩ֮еĲϣȻóһ΢͵ԣЩϵһһ룬Ǯвſÿҩ֮ļ۸֮ǮвǺ˫ֲ
֮ǮвѹһЩ飬ֹһְҵԵЦݣ֣̫ˣѾҵĹΧҵʾԵȡ
Ǯв΢͵֮ϲһᣬ֮ϵԣַǻ᳤Ҫ
һķСߵַ磬ʮźַ˱𹫻Ļ᳤
᳤ȥһʮٸԸе̬ĵַ̲סλ᳤࿴ۡ
˫᳤ĵЦţҽɯѾˣҪĶ𹫻ΪṩЩϵļ۸񣬺Ǻǡеߡ
۸ǸߣǸߵףǻ᳤ַ⼸µĶһ¼ԲӴַģΪЩϵļ۸񣬲һܽܵģ
ַ絭ЦţֻҪóǮ⡣УҪǵıܶȡ
ǺǡɯЦţֻҪҪħô½еκζ𹫻ᶼõóֻҪǮû𹫻ġݱ⣬ǺǣǸѪħһǸַ磬ҲģֻǮ˭ܴ棬Ǿͺ̸⣡ڱ£ǲġ
ַһ㶣û뵽ԷôѾ³Լݡ
ɯƵַǰĿ
ַ翴۸֮󣬴һַչҩĹһʮҩģȻֻʮҩַõģַϳҩҩģЩҩĵļ۶͵ڰƷʯϣߵʮҩģÿҩĵļ۶ϰٸʮƷʯϣ
ȻʮƷʯֻһ۶ʮƷʯ
һһƷʯʹһͨļͥһ꣡ȻһõĶʯƬһʯƬһһƷʯ
ַ翴۶֮󣬵ĵЩвϼһһǶ٣
پʮƷʯȻͷû㡣
һļ۸ǰгͨƷʯ㡣
ַ类ĿһЩĵðƷʯأҪٸ
ԵȡɯõԼš
ټʮƷʯ
㷨ǼϺϳɵʧȥģЩʦȥƣƷʯҲδƳɹƷʯ
һƷƵƷʯɹǰٷ֮ʮƷƷǰٷ֮ʮƷƷɹǰٷ֮ʮƷƷǰٷ֮ʮ壬ƷƷǰٷ֮ˣƷƷǰٷ֮壬ƷƷǰٷ֮Ʒ֮϶ǰٷ֮һ
ȻֻǰЩͨʦĸȥ㣬ЩʦЩӵж¯ͻֵĴʦʦƵĻɹʻߣ綥ʦмӵж¯ͻֵмöֵмʦֻǴ˵еĴڣ
ַһֱ׳ĸƷʯĵʣµĲˣǸСѰɡ
ɯо𣬶Ȼ
ּۻۣһ־ĿŰƷʯҶĻСѣǮݳ޵ô
Ϊ𹫻Ļ᳤ɯԽҺλ𹫻᳤ܼģһǲƴֵĴûһַôֱӺͺˬڹһЩƷ϶Ҫּۻۣ߸ϵĴҲһ¾õóĿŰƷʯ
ʲôˣһǿ϶ģǰ˿϶ǺѪħһǸַ磡дԪҲַֻܳô£
ɯѹһԼЩ飬ĿŰƷʯƽĵ֮ҩĻᵽǻר͵ס
Ŷ𹫻ʲôʱṩŷˣ
㲻ûʲô˵ˣǲй¶ݣǵ˲κβģġṩŷΪѾΪ𹫻ĻԱԺеҵԽӴ㱾Ҳ̻ȫ汣
ַһЦŶǻлԱƶȣǰôû˵
ɯԱƶȵȻṫģֻѶﵽһĶȣܳΪǵĻԱ
ҵϵʽ
ɯһ΢͵Եݸַ硣
½ǽֹʹֻ֮κͨѶƷΪЩĵ粨Ӱ쵽ռȶԡ
ɯڲ磬ֻǵϵӰ쵽ʲôԺʲô£ֱҡ
ǺǡַЦ֪𹫻ṩʲôأ
ɯЦȻ϶ǰбħô½Բ
ȶлˡ
л𹫻ֻ棬Բ飡
ַʵôܸܲңħô½м𹫻ĻԱԱҲûеȼ
ɯ½Ի϶ǵĻԱⱱݣ˶ǵĻԱǵĻԱûеȼ֣֮һͬʡ
ŶַԱ֮䷢ͻ֮ս𹫻ô
ɯһ㶣ĳַҪԸĳһλˡ
ɯЦ˵ֻ棬飬һԱɱһԱǸɱĻԱ𹫻ỹЩծ⣬߸ʲôʧֻҪ⳥ǵʧͺá
ǵ˻ᱣҶã
ɯڵѶΪ꣡
ַ˵ͷ
ɯַͷԼѧԺķȥ
߳ãַʶɢţ˰ʮʥڸԼ
ҿ𹫻᲻Ǵ½һһ֣ʮʥֲô½ûκ𹫻ᡣ
ַ̾ԺʮʥͺñԼꡣ
ַ֮ĲѾˣͻһʥַ֮󣬵ǩա
ַҪһ¡
ûַչЩϣҪơ𼶵
𼶵ЩҩʦǶĪ񵤣һ𼶵ĲϷǳϡٺÿһֲ϶ۣڶ𼶵Ƕҩʦϵ˲ƳʧʷǳߣһλҩĶʦʮײϲųɹһƷ𼶵ȻλʦƳ𼶵һٳǼҵҩ۵ļ۸Լʮ֮һǮûС


324 
̵ֿ£ûȥ𼶵ߣ𼶵ֻЩھת޷ͻƵڵ˲ʹãЩ˳ھת֪ͻԲŻ𼶵ҩͻƣͻƵʧʷǳߣҩΪƷƷƷƷ𼶵ͻƵļԱȽϸߣڰٷ֮ʮңƷڰٷ֮ʮңƷڰٷ֮ʮҡͻʧܺ󣬶Ӱ첻Ǻܴ󣻶ͻƳɹһӵΪҲһתҲ޷硣
ԣ𼶵ʿҲǳ٣ֵҩдʦȥơ
ַ粻ͬн;ħڣκεҩǰٷְٵĳɹƳĶǼƷҩ΢ֻҪ˷ãٷְٵĻͻƳɹ
ֻʮӣͳɹƳһżƷ𼶵
ĺɫҩַǳ
˷䣬Ժַ罫һתڽ˹
ھַһƷ⼸ַڷһЩȪˮḺ́ҩڵȫ죬ֻתԸ֮ͻתַǳмοַָԼҩԣ쳣
𼶵Ǹھת˳ԵģھתҲԳԣʧʻǳߣҺܴĿ߻ħֻ޷ƵҩըȻƵǼƷҩƷĵҩҪϼַԱ߿ţĿܷǳС
ַλڵŵҩ𵤣ֱ֮ͻƵ𣡵ΪҲֹԸô
ַ統ȻҪʵλڣַ粻Լ¡
ûж룬ǳִˣҵʣûһĻԵĻһӶ޷ͻ𾳽磬˸ᣬС֮ã
Ǻã°ɣΪ㻤
𾳽ϵͻƣ٣ַҲʶʶٵ
λϥЩĳ˵ҩ֮ڵܿ쵽ͻƵıԵ

λΧһ󲻹Ŀռ䲨һǿϱ
תͻƣţתת
ͻͻȻȻֹͣ˿ͷշƶһĵţռ·һεĴ˺ѣһɹɾ޴λڵͷ
ַ磬쵲סܲס
ַ״ӭ硣
ŵ죡
ַ罫е֮˿ȥ緵صУʧ
飬Ҳһתһûô
У֪ʲôǳ𼶵ͻƣٵٿ϶һҪƾԼͻƣٷǳǸҪƾԼȥΪٵϴߵģߴǳĺô˵ˣΪҲֹڴˣȻܲסٵ㲻סĻѾΪɻˣߣΪѾֹڴˣ㵲˾͵ˣûйϵġ
ͻƣͻˣ
ǳ˷ܵĴдЦַλ֮ĽͻȵĿ⡣
ַתͷλڵǲҪż죬ҲΪ𣡡
һ󼤶
ַλ壬ûκ쳣
ַȥ𹫻᳤ɯ
ʲôҪٷݣ
ɯַҪϴεĲٷݵʱֱӾ
ǵģûٷݣҪ
ɯѹһԼ𾪵Ĳ͵֮ϣһڲ裬ٷ̫ˣٵʮʱ䡣
ַҲһһʱͲˣû뵽Էʮܸ㶨Ǵ½һ̻ᣡ
ַ絭ĵþƷʯˣ֪θˣ
Ʒ
ɯٴ𾪣ͫһжˣԶٴ;޴ĲƸɯûô
ħô½ֵƷ׵ʯǰƷʯΪƷʯǴʦƳģҪʦ
ɯŵĿַ磬ЩоƷʯ
С
ɯ룬üͷһ֣ʾһ棬Եȡ
ַҪĲϣһҪĿŰƷʯٷݵĻҪǧŰƷʯÿ춼ʯÿ춼ڱԹԷŽŭչַþƷʯ
ƾƷ֮µʯûʧʵģַø߽ʯȡĵͽʯɽûʧʵȥƣַǮƷԽԽ࣡
ɯеĵԺϼϵӺɯϵԣЦԴħս֮ǧ½ϴûгֹƷʯҲûþƷʯһκζĻǿṩһǧҪĲϣΪ𹫻󡣡
ַǳˬĵɽ
ºַյ̻Ĳϡ
һзƽ˾ûĸַ鷳ַҲûȥսǸ
ЩҲĬɵĴڣɵĴȻӰ쵽ķչӰҲһΧ֮ڣÿԽܵĳ̶ȣֻҪַ粻£ûʲôͻ
Щ˰ɱַˣҲַֻ֪֮а֡
û˶Ըַ磬ַûĴЩ棡ȻЩַҲַֻ֪սǰ׼ַҪԼĶΪ϶ҪȥսЩĴʦַҪԼĺԮ
ʱַһδεսЩļŭЩյĿս϶⣡ַһҪԼѹסЩ
ַĿ굱ȻЩǽַ緢ģһҪΪʦҪִܽˡ
ȻҪսԽ߸ϵĴڣͲַСҪַ֣ҪһδεսЩʹ֣
黨ʱƳһǧ𼶵ַߵλڳɹͻƵ
ַ֮˰λתϵʣЩѵ
ǰʮ죬ַȪˮЩʵʣټϽƵһЩ߷ǱܵĵҩӲĽЩʵΪת֮ϣ
Щ˵ΪȻûʶַǺȵȪˮȻЩȪˮȫǱַñҩļӹġ
ҩЩ˵Ӱǳ󣬵Щ˵ʣƴŬⱲӶܴﵽĸ߶ȣԵЩ˵Ϊڵľ֮󣬸ϲ񣬼ѡ
һЩ̱ĵҩЩ˵Ϊȶֻʮʱ䣬Ѿӵаλڣ
ţַЩڷ𼶵
ÿһķãַһΪЩڵ١
˶̶̵ʱ䣬λʮͻЩʧܵĶʮ˸ˣַǷȪˮǵٴλָ𼶵
λַ˵ĵҩǴ˵֮е𼶵󣬸Ըӡ
죬Ѿһλ
Щȫһתֻӵûо
ַЩʯַʯǣȻʯɵ͵ȵߵպ
£ַһֱЩˣҪЩ˵ȫ
λһתԲַһ룬𹫻ˣһ־ʮʥһ뵽;Լôʲôǣ
϶ܺûľ磡ǵΪҲֹڴˣ
Щһתʯճַ֮ó˰ٿԪ
ַ΢ıһԪϢȻܸЩԪ
ԪЩʣٴЩ𼶵Ȼڶη𼶵Щͻƣڵһʵ𼶵֮ͻ˾תתһޣﵽתٶ𼶵ûˡ
ȻַҪЩΪתټϾƷʯЩԺľתȣ
Ʒʯħô½֮ϣַֻõó
ħô½ĶתַͿݺᱱݣ
ºĪַϵϡ
Ī֮ʱĪƵɫЩҰףȻƻδȬ
ַĪ̸
ƵĪҲΪȥҪս˸˳ˣĪƾߡ
֮ĪǱ뽣ĪϴӦѾҪһϸ£
գĪƴǱ˽񣬽һλԣƻǰˣ˶ء
磬ʵʦǲġ
֪ʵʦѾʦ֮ʱʦиԣҾܸоʦͽг𣬵ʦǱ˵ģӮʦһʦȥĻһԽ⿪ĸʦȥԣǣǣȴ֪ˡ
ǣ硭׼ô죿
ô죿϶Ϊʦ𣡽ôǺǣһĺѿ
磬ǳҸоΪѾﵽʥ磡ʦս֮׼ȥǿ߽ɱң׼ٳһƣһƣˣû׷ң˵ҿ϶졣һƣ£ڲźˣûȪˮĻҿ¶ˡ
⼸Īһֱˣ˺֮ǰѰַ硣
ĪƵƵȷأĪַĴȪˮĪ֮ˣȪˮҩҲƷǳ
ͻȻƻƣ
ַʲôƻƣ
ƷǳƷǿľ֮飬飻Ĳֻȴ޷˼꣬ҪȻ㶼Īˡ
ЩϢҲַ˸ףʦ֮ǰһֻѾʦľ磬ȴڶϻʦô˵Ķ쾳һʦ⽣˲һʦΪ֮һʥǿߣ
ַо˷ǳǿ󣬵ַĽ
תۼʱѹѾڱվס˽Ÿ
꣬ѧԺķչճ죬һЩӸѹѧԺַҲûйܣЩһַһʲô˵Ȼַ϶ô˵ˣַЩַܸ֮󣬽ЩҵĴ
ַܸһֱڰнУ׽ķԡº֪
ֶַܸת֣Щ˶ַĹΩǴӣϾַһУ
ַҪľǼսЩĴʦ
ַҪԸľЩѹԼЩ
һʮŸЩ֮УʮʦżʦַЩȿ
ַ鷳ֱʮŸͬʱս麯ʱ򣬹㳡ԣ
ַսûĸܾʵʮŸַ緢սַֻǸʱȣܾǵսܾ϶ûӣһʱڣַѧԺǳãַ粻ںЩ
ϣַһ£Īơԡ˲ţƺƵˡ
Ȼһٸǿ߾ַһսʮŸʮλʦַʤ֮󣬿϶кܴ鷳ԣַŽЩϡ


325 ɱ
ܱߵĴһʮЩ֮սҲϱһЩĸǳ֮¡
ҲǴ֮еһԱԴַɱ˷λʦ֮󣬷Ѿַ̲֮սɱ߸ʦЩҲ̲
ַ֮ǰôĴѾַ磬Ϊַ⼸гôֻҪַ粻ԼҲûһССɡ
ʱƣɵķչӰ쵽Щ棬ЩʼԸַ硣
Щʼ뽫ַ̲ɳʦսַ磬ַһδξܾɳ˴ɱַ磬Ҳʧܣɳ˶֪٣ûһ˻ÿֻѹ󣬶Щһ㲻û˶á
սͰɱ޹֮£ЩʼӸѹɣ뽫ɵľѹ壡ַеǮڿ϶Ѿ˼ʮΣǶڲƴֵַ˵Щѹֻܸ֮ϴһʧЩʧַûзϡ
һδεĴѹɴѧԺʧٻ߲װα٣ѧԺĳ͵Ϯٶ
ַһֱ̣
Щγʼ޷ЩʵˣɵĴѾӰˣҲ֣Ǽʱ䣬ɵĵ͹ڣÿ춼ˮ֮п
ַ罫Щܸȫַ֮׼һκ䶯ݵսһ֮սʮŸɵĴʦ
ʮŸʮλʦÿ󶼸ǿߡ
ڽ㳡Χˮйͨ˶ĳαԲǶϵıԣӮʮŸὫɵ״ӱĨ
̨µıΪӪʮ˸ϯλ
Ȼַ磬ַһٸ֣ұʮ߸ϯλ֮ʮλʦÿλʦĿ񣬻Ȳ졣
εĹ˺ͲԱǽʮλʦϴַɱ˽һλʦûʲô
ϾǱ󶥼һʦ˵ʲôǶˣҪԸַĻ´ȥ飿ʱһ
Ҳмλʦȥսַ磬ǵݵλȥսһСĴʦô
ԣûַ籨
ʺɫĵ̺һֱӱ쵽ϯ̨ϯ̨ϹʮϯλѵλǽĶʦҲαĲԱмһϯλǿյģ˶ڵˡ
ϯ̨ϣĶʦǺȲ죬ĿʱʱַķƲȥȻ̸ַ硣
˴εıԣпܾŽܱߴϴƣԽҲǳӡ
һλǳŮ˿̣ʯְҵԵĴ뽣¸صФФʦ
һĻ֮УһλŲƵ΢Ц΢Цʺá
ڳܶ˶û뵽˾Ȼǽĳϣ
ФǽĴϵϴ󣬱ȴЫַɱĽʦФͽܣΣФ뽫ַأɴӱʧ
ФʾҰ֮󻺻ĵΪ˴αԵĹˡǧݻûгֹƺƴĴʦ֮ıԣһ֮սʮλʦҶִʦʾɱ˫Լʦⶨ
ʱĿġʼִʦһ֮սʮλʦܼʵأսܿͻɱ˫Լݡ
ַ绺վαԣǾͶʯɣŰƷʯ˵ĲǼ۶ǳƷİƷʯ֪ĸλʦʲô飿
ַԿڣֳһƬž˼һ
Ʒʯţ
ЩͷĿжڼţǵмҵ˼ҲֵŰƷʯ˼ҪţҶôˣⲻᱻ̲
ַ絭ЦţҶ˵ô
һλʦЦŰƷʯõóôһ˶ӮˣһٶƷʯô
ַ磬Իҵģ
ƷʯϡУǽҲòô࡭
ʦǶֱûַôƷʯ
ַԱߵķԵʦ֣ϻ
ʱӺһӣ֮ãȫǰƷʯ
óһŵݸһλԱ
λԱ֮ĵȷǻʵİƷʯ
£˶͡
ַ絭ĵʵ֪ĸλòʵαԺܼ򵥣ӮˣһÿŰƷʯλʦɣˣҲǸλʦÿŰƷʯ
ַĻһ䣬ֳڣӮŰƷʯһǲǳˣ㱻̲һôǮЩ˻أСΪߵͣһ˲ΪͲ
ЩʦʱжЩַַԼڰġ
ȻַҲĻܱߵĴҳһţʱֻԼУַɲΪ˵ĵˣô̲ʵͳЩѵѡֻԼܺͽ⣡
еĴʦЩͷĿ򵥵֮󣬶׷ͬ⣡
ַȻһһжԸɵЩˣҪҲ˵ЩֻǶĴʦԣҪֻǸλʦ͸ɵĶʦˣǺǡҪ
ڣ˲ףַҪʮλʦˣַڵЩˣַ绹ûз
ǿɫ䣬жԸɣ϶ЩͷĿµЩ˸ղŻ˷ܵļѣ˿̣亹ֱ
һλеַ磬ҪǵʲôģҾܾ
Ҳܾ
Ҿܾ

ʮŸͷĿ׷׾ܾЩڶǳַĲҪԸǿ϶׾٣˴αӮЩʦ϶Ͷַ磡
ʱ֤Ф軺ĵλһ顭
˵ĿⶼФ衣
αǴʦ֮Ķԣλµʿ඼֮ˣߵöȥ̫ƽˡҾ˫Լ֮սǸá
ַ絭ʵФϣ֪֮սսҿһʦڴɱɱºܲϲ
Ф㣬˫
һλվַ磬սѡžǡ
ԣַ磬ҽҵսô
ַ磬ǲˣҶģ

Щ˿̶ĸǣǱַӦÿַȻλʦӴĲߵĶһЩСˣЩЩʶûи֣
ַӦԣһὫַȫնɱ
ַֻһٶˣʮŸǱǧˣַȻһ㶼ûзϣַվһ
˰֮ڰ
ַ絭Цţͬ⣬Ǿ͵ɣսĻƻĽĽǽģҿ½ҵ𡣡
ô
ܼ򵥣ɱֻҪ˫ͬ⣬ֱԷΪֹԷûͬ⣬ͳǩ鵽˭˭ȻʵǿĻһοսˡȻʤ߿սҲԹӡ
ãͬ⣡
Ҳͬ⣡

ʮλһһͬ⣬ԼǧˣԷһٶˣ۴һ濴Լ߱ʤɣ
ȻʮŸлЩģľõİ취˭ĳФҪԸַ磬ֻҪԼʤˣڽ֧£ԿԲַ磡
ԼѾⶨϣַ翪ʼʮλʦǩԼʮλǩԼ
Фʱ˴δԣԺͱԡ֮вɷָϵҽ飬һΪԣҲûʲô飿
ûκ飬ַߵ˱ɱˣǾͲöˣǶԵĻַˣǶԻʲô壿
ܶ˶ôġ
δ˫Ѿǩ˶ԼԼҲɱִ߱һڿʼ
Ҳϻ˶ѪڵڴűĿʼ
ַǳ󷽵ĵ롣
ʱʮŸ֮һʣִַʦҪս㣡
ַһЦ˼㲻䣬Ҿܾ
˴ŭȷ䣡ʲôݣսַô
λʵĿ˷ϣս㣡
ԴЦַʦ֣սʦܶ䣬սң
ڵΪҲַתֻǷԲм˹жѡ
λʿըˣȻָָһˣս㡣
˴Ӷ֮˳λʣĿ֮ȫǲм
˴Կʼ
˵Ļ䣬λѾ촦λޱɨˡ
ȫȻȻλʻûüжɱˣ˾ʲôʵ
ڸַߵѡˡ
ִˣҼս
ַ˵ͷ
ŻɱûйӣĿɨһλս㡣
ʲôݣս㻹ûǸʸҾܾ
λں£Դɾܾ
λҲȻĿɨһƬһһȺսߵһʮˣ
һʮڶ֮УΪߵǰ棬еȵм䣬Ϊ͵ں棬Ķ
һʮ˶û˳һʶɱˣЩܸ
ʱͬվ
ûվ
ԣ˶ܾˣǲ
λĵսȥ˷ʱ䣬ɣ˭ҵսվ
ң
ʱһڴһһϳ
תƲ͡
˺űʼλ촦ֱɱ
ȫȻ
Щ˶ַôˣһǸôһһǿأ
˭Ҫսңվ
һž֮һһת
λֻǳһУ촦
λҲǱɱ
ַЩ˴԰Ʒʯÿ˵ս綥սһֻ·һ
˭Ҫսңվ
ֳһƬžûվ
зǳˬǰԼֻһСʣЩ˵ңأԼվЩŵò˵
ָ߸ϵĸоַİλжƮƮȻģȻǶ֪һжַģҲףַҪЩȫַ翴صֻǴʦ
ַʱǩԼʱǶͬ⣬ҷֻһߣսǶͬ⣬ѵҪļǧ˳ǩôǩȥһ¶޷Щ
һ仰ص˵ֱǶǵ裡
ЩҲûа취˭Ҳû뵽ַߵˣһǳ֣


326 һ浹ɱ
ַ裬ЩԶԡ
û˸ҳÿ߶һǵĵƣֻڱԵĿʼ᲻öѣ
ʮŸʮŸ֮ҲǾжԹϵ˿̣϶óԼĵȥ
˳ȥҲǰ취ҸһССĽ飬ʮŸǩ鵽ĸǸ˳ǾΣ
ַܿõͬ
ʮŸǩǵɫÿڱոտʼǴ֮ϻ֮϶ַѹģ
ܿ˽һλɳԼߵһתǿߣϳֻоͱΡ
ֳǩһ˳ɱ
ܿ죬СʱȥַߵѾɱٶˣݶЩ˵ʬ嶼̧ȥ
ɱٶˣϵĸ֣Щ˵Щǳۣû˿취
ͣʱڣʮŸһı
ʮ֮󣬱
ʱһִʦҾı˷ʱ䣬Ҳûʲô˼ȥǶòܱꣿѡ֣ÿһѡһΣȻѡһ˻߶ˣѡǸ˻߶˱սʤһ˹ӣʮαܱ֮ٴѡĻͻʡܶʱ䡣ִʦô
ͬ⡣
û뵽ַôɴͬ⣡
ַףԼַνô֣ѡһת
ս㣡
ʱַߵǸѡ˵
ͷߣĿַ磬ֻҪѡַ磬ÿʮα֮󣬾Կɱַ硣ڣǰȴԼ
λֻϳ
ʼ
ʮλǸתǿߣȻԼھ֮Ҳַľߺܶ࣬ǣյʯԲַܺ⣡
˿ʼѽѷ֣ģַߵ·磬ַʯȱ˺ܶ಻㣬Щȱ֮ս飬ȱӦѧϰһЩܣ
Ȼ鴫һЩؼַЩѧϰǳʱ䣬ֻѧϰһЩƤëѡ
һսҲǳ֮Уλλĵϸ֮󣬽İʼ籩һĹ
ַߵܿһƱڵأǿλи߸Ծλȥ
ַߵα򵹣ˣÿһζս
кüζľ֮֮ˣ֮Ծսս˿
ǵȻ֪һٸ϶ַȪˮֻҪһڣκ˶ԭ
ʼʱλΪԼʤǴŴţԽԽľԽԽ
ÿλͬʱҲܵˣչȥλ϶ˣ
λΪÿζƴĴ򷨣ͬھʽԼС
ӹȥλȫ˺ۣڳŲסλһ
һģ˶һģ
ӵ˵Է壬λ˲飬˶Ѫȥ
һַ̣ߵվһĨλĺ
һɱ
ڶݵ𾪺ͼž֮һƬȻ
ȫתôᱻɱ찡
ַǱߵǸҺǰҼǵǰֻһʣ
ǰҲʱһһܣ
ǿ϶ϴˣ˿϶Ҳתʥ
ִʦôǮҸоִʦ¿϶ǿߡ

۷׷ףλʤ֮ĬĬĹӡʣʮλҡ
ִʦս㣡
ʱһ˳Ŀıַ硣
ڰת˶ַ˵ֻɱ³
ַ絭Ȼ
óһѴ󵶵ľħֱӴһλڶ˹ȥ
ַġɵλϹһ˿Ц𳤽ӭ˹ȥ
ַġɵֻ֮ʵһڰת˵ûʲô
λڰתǿַɣڷɵ֮ʱǿ߸оһ̩ɽѹԼѹ˹
ˣѾֻӮ
һ̣޷ֱӽλѹһ࣡
ɵٴλصַС
ڳĹڶַ罫Լ˳ȥͽλѹ
ַ絭ЦЦصԼλеƷŲ衣
ʮ˸ңô벻ַҲһǿߣַǸ¿ĸַ֣籾˾ԲһǿߣڿǵĲ²ִˡ
ַߵѡַ֣Űλ𽻴һ
һ˳ȵҪսʮŸ
һǧˣ
Ȼһתʵǧ͸ǧֻô򵥣
ʮ֮ЩߣĹڽܵ·߶µģ˿ǲѷɣ
ǧ˶Ӻ˳˷λΧ
һʼһ֣ϰƬʮ޷ģ
һʱ䲻ɱһɶѪɺӣʬƬ
λ֮ϷǳɾһѪҺûнϡ
ͣʮӣֳ
ЩͲģҪЩһ仰гǧ
ʮ֮󣬱ֿʼ
º⣬ִʦָ̡
Σһλתսַ硣
ַһڲ裬軹治
ַ֮΢Ц
ַû˵΢Цʮ㣬еľħС
ʼ
Ѿ֪˵ʲôˣһɱǧˣѾŵĻ겻壬˿ֻһ˵űʼ
ȳ֣ĵַķ֮Ӱ˶õֻǺ̽Թ
̽ҲĹַڵֻڴԲľ磬޷ͺ⿹⣡
Ȼַѡˡ򣡡
⿴ַͬĴĵԼķ˹ȥ
ӣӰɣǺôȥַ̽綼ͬĹȥ̽úƲѡ
Ȼ̽޹ôֻĹ
ںʹַ֮ͬʹ˺ͺһģһĽУ
Ȼܶ˶ɣִʦǲǺλʦͬţ
ַѸɱһһһӰսһš
һδεĶԺ䣬һδεĹһδεķֿһδεĴһ
ʹÿַһģһжͬ
ʱѹˣַȴûаˣַȪˮټ壬Է˲Լ
ǰַᱻˣַΪߣҲȻһָ߶ȣ˿ַ壬౻ˣǺȪˮֻԭ
ԣַֻ֣ܽ
ԽսԽľԽսԽڳ˾УַҲͬʹ˺ľС
еĶԺ֮£˶ߵķһƮԶ
ַ羲ڵ棬ⱻݺݵҽ˵¡
˽ߵص˳

£ʮңתǿ߶ɱַ磬˭ɱַ磿
ַָѡˡ
ֳһת𣬴ȵʶɣӵţ
ǧʴսһֻʱ䣬ͽɱɾ
ôãַһ˶ûʮǱѾǧˣʣµĳٶںʮ𣬶תʮĸ
ʱһᣬһǰִʦ֮Ѿ˲֮ƣǻսΣ
ɱַ磬ôֻܻսʮ룬ʮĸתһϣĿȫַ磬ַͷۣҲɣ
ַЦţ֮ǰ˵㳡ǽĵ̣ǺļǽҪƲһʦĵǻٻĻŭҿǳܲġФʦûν
ϯ̨󷽣һʮ׶ߵľʯ񹤣ǧǰһ񽳵ʥĵ
ʥħô½ĵһţҲħô½ĵһ񽳣ǽʦ켼ܴﵽ˳Խ񽳾磬ΪҲһλʥԲǧûһʦܳԽʦʥĴڡ
ʥǽʥ𻵣˭Ҫܽŭ
ФʱǻսȻԣ˵ĵøߵĺͽǵΪƻġôսʥΪĸ־ս޷ƻֺѵΪǵƻô
ֱַФ裬ôФʦ˼ǣСƻˣ׷
ФȻ׷
ַǺãڳսˣǲСĻٻ˵ʥǰĵ񣬽Фʦǲ׷ġôͬս
Фܸоʲôԣַôһδεǿٻĵѵʵ
ФԳЦЦܣʷ˵ʦϵʦƿʥΧĽ磬ħô½֮ϸûһʦ
ս˵Ŀ϶ַ磡
ֳǿʼ׷ɢв׵Ŀռ䡣
ʼ
˵Ļ䣬ǿַķ˹
λַ硢ԡĪơͺΧһȦ
Щһ
ڽստʼһ浹ɱ˭ҲַЩȫתǿߣ
һĵ£ûͻһλתķȦ
ַָ߰λʥĵٿַ統ȻҪƻʥĵʥƻФȥ֮޷
սܿ칥ʮ֮ߵĵ֮ϣòϣǧ׷Բȫи߽׵Ľķ涼ᱻȥ
ȻЩ߽ĺͽһƻ˵ģʥҲƻˣнȫְҵڣκεĺͽﶼ׾ٵĽ⿪
ַ簴սָʾָʮλĽ·ֻ֮Ľתңͻᱻƿ
Ȼս֮£춼ǿû˷ַİиֳĴʦĻ϶ԷַİƻûУ
˴αǶֲı㳡ٺЩĴʦûйۿ
䣡
һʱ䲻Ľ类ƿʥĵȻĹ֮»Ƭ
Фͽľλʦ󾪣
ŵʥ񱻻٣ͻ
ȻֻǴţǼĴţû˻ŵʵԣ۵Ƿǳµģ£Ф޷潻
ַսʽԼΧİʮ˵ˣɱ
ʣµĶʮ𱣻ַˣȻҲֻӣַ˸豣ģ
ⳡսʮ֮Ļַˣ˺Ȫˮ֮ھͻָ
ʮλȫɱһɶ
ʮλڷŻս֮вûж֣ʮ˱뿴ַ类Ƭ龰δԸǵ±ɱһʣ
ַĿɨδʮˣλأԶأ


327 ִ
ȥʮѾŭһַķȥ
ʮ˸תǿߺѶԸǴ˿̵ʮѾңľܵصӰ죬ټ֪ԷתǿߣѾҡ
ʮ˱սǳǿľ֮¸޷Ƹǵİ𿹺⣡
ڰλѹ֮£ʮԱûС
һĵ⽣Ӱɱ֮Уһӵʱ䣬ʮλʮ˾߱ʬ塣
սڽսһƬǽ壬ЩĹԱһεɨֳ
αԣФʮŸɳĨɱ˶û뵽ǣɻǿֵزʮŸǿ߶սʮŸ
Ҫǣʥ񱻴ݻ٣
ΣФҲġ
Фʱŭַ磬ִʦңʥǲٻģ
ȻʮŸԸַ磬ôФ˼Ʋߡ
ַФ裬Фʦʲô˼ҺʮŸ֣ʮŸ˰ΧǣȺңʮŸĹ֮µ֮ǵ˲ȫֻģֳڶФʦôԻңοսӿʼұ˾ûг̸֣һٻ񣿡
ʱʼʱҾǵ˳ֻһֱΧȦַ״̬֮ǲſʼȫģ˶Фʦô˵ʦ𻵵ģ
ַ˵ˣǻս֮ǰФʦ˵ˣ𻵾Բ׷ڳսģ
ַͷһһ˵ФԶԡ
Фɫ飬֮ͻȻЦû仰ҵȷ˵˵Ҳ׷ֻұ˲׷ѣ˵׷ôַ磬ٻʥ£ǽһ׷
Ȼô˵ģФΪĳϣȻԳ
޳ܵУ޳̶ֳܵȣС
ַ룬Ф跽˵׷֮ʱȷûὣ㣬ַ統ʱû룬ΪĴϿ϶ǽַû뵽߹˵ô޳ܵĻ
ַЦФʦǵ¸أƱ磬һеľˣܽˡĵȷûйϵʱǵм֮ԶǱߵ˶ʮŸˣĵȫʮŸΪûκιϵ
ַ֪˵ԼûйϵĻûõģФ϶Źַ磬ַֻڼƲԼĹϵڳַ絹ҪФ޳ܵʲô̶ȡ
Фս˫ģʮŸȫˣߺˣ˭ĳߵʮŸĶ౶ʥǸ߽׵ķ磬Ҳֻⷽǿƻԣַ磬Ľһǵ˰ƻҪȫΣǾ͵Žŭɣ
ַЦФ裬ΪĴϣߵڰףǷǲֻ֣۾ǵƻĽˣֳ˿ţ㾹Ȼ˵ϹʲôʸĴϣʥĻٻȫһ˵Σ
Фһַ磬ԣ͵ɣʮ֮ڣɴӱʧ
˵գФ賤һӣͽľλʦϯ
ַȣߣסǣ
ʮǰФ˵ס
Ա߱ФǾλʦʮ׷ױַΧס
ַЩ£ǰ˽Щʦͷ̧˿̣ȴסЩ߸ϵˣָоǷǳ˷ܣ
һжַģַͽ濪սЩԥɱУԲһˣҲݣֵã
󵨣ַ磬ҵȥ·
ַ紩ȺߵФǰ
Фʦһ䣬ڻս֮ǰ˵ٻ׷⻰ǴˣǴҩ
Фüëһŭϻ϶Ҹ˵ģҸ˲׷ǽ׷
ַ絭Цţ˼˵ʱ˵Ǿ仰ʱͽûκιϵȫˣ
ַٴȷ
϶ǣ
ַФһƨ㻹ʲôʸ֤ˣȻ˽ʲô˵Ȩ
㡭ַ磬ҡ
Фɫ࣬˼꣬û˸
ôˣ޳ܵФ裬ֲǽĴϣ㡭һأ
ַ˵ţһƳ˹ȥַǳФֱӱɣһѪ˼ϳѪָӡ
㡭
սǰַ˽һƣǰ޹˺ߵ׳٣ֱս𾪵͡
ȻһλʦΪֻʾ磬ַһƲФΡ
Фоðģùһѣεĸоӵ
Фɫɫо˻Ŀ⣬޲Ҹطȥ
λĴʦǵͷŵ棬ڵѷ졭
Фû뵽ַ羹Ȼҳִ
ⲻǶФ裬ҲǶԽ裡ФΪĴϣһ֮֮ϣһͬ˽˽ϣ
Фν涪ܾ裡
Ф˫Ŀðֲַָ磬ŭַ硭ҴҡˣûиҶϷһë㾹ȻҴң
ַʱתͷԼߵһɱ
ФĲϡ
ФĿ֮һ־壬ַ磬ɱң
˿̨̣µĹֵһַһδεĴ̼ڵ񾭣ַɱФ裬ôʹʽͽս
ַû˵λʹ˸ɫ
ݺݵĶФ裬ڿʼ½ϵӴ˲ɵˣұɱ㣬ɱ㣬ִʦɱ㣡ôɱ㣬ûйϵִʦҲûйϵʲôһ˳е
ַзǳݶФ޳ܵ˵ٻ׷ȫ˵˼ôַɱФҲǸ˼ûйϵȫ֮֮
ַٸʹһɫŸ⣬׷׳λʦĲ֮ϡ
ŸҲ˵˺ǰ½ͬĻԸ˵ҪɱЩʦ
⼸жǳ˷ܣǰʦɼ߸ϵڣԼĽȴЩʦĲϣ
λʦȫ亹ƾ֮ǰĵλô߸ϣ˿ֻ˸סЩЩʦǶԹԵı͡
ַ΢ЦĿФ裬Фʦ㵽Ǵ˻ǽأ˵Ļ֮˽˶ԹǵûκιϵģֳڿţӦýһǵ˽˶Թˡ
Ф迴ַЦݣ翴һħһ㡣
Ȼк£Ф費ַĸҶɱԼ
ַ磬һҲɱңϷǽĴϣһ֮£֮ϣɱң
ַ絭Цţǲɱ㣬ɱ㣡ɱɱ㶼Ҫܽŭԣһѡɱ㣡汳ģҶԿ
ң
ַһʹһɫλһǾλʦ֮еһλһƬѪ֮С
ȫ𾪣
ַ絭Цţ㿴ФʦʮڶɵˣɱǽĴʦҲҵ¡
ַ˵ķƵĲԼƵġ
Фû뵽ַĸɱĴʦ
λʦķǳθŴԱģھͳһ͵Ľɫʲôûиɣͱɱˡ
ַɱˣַ˵ģûйϵֲԼˡ
Ф֮Щңַ磬֪ĺ
ַҿ϶֪ʲô֪ģΪǽĳҾô˵ͷƨһҪˣɱһһ
ַһʹ˸ɫλɱһʦ
Щʦ±ʮϢţǶҶһЩĽЩĨɱ
ַ磬еͽɱ⣡ұ֤֮ڣĨƽɣ
ַ΢ЦſФ裬Фʦ˵ĻǴ˽ôǺǡеǣǺǡ
ţַЦ֮УһλʦѪ֮С
ФЫַ֪Ϻ˵ٻ޹أĻеαФФԼееģһФ̣
ԣôڹһҪַȥַɱĴʦФַȥɱַֻɺͽݵľ棡
ܿ죬λʦѾʣˡ
ʱӰž޴ķ޴һλ𣺡ţ
ַɱ
λʦҲѪ֮С
ޣȫۣ˶˺֮У׶ֻܿ͡
ִߣЩִ϶ɢǿصϢѾַ磬˶ʥ磡
ִͻȻ϶ͨ籨š
ǰһִФ裬ֿ˿ַ磬֮󵭵ĵФʦȫ֪ˣ˫ΣҸһ¾ôˡ
ˣַĳִǰФ˵ģˣַ籣֤ʱ֮󣬽ͻȫɣ
ַһֱڱФ裬Ҫٻ֮º޹غԼ޹أҪФױʻѺϣĻͲԸɣսѺϴº޹أԸɣǽδ棿ֱһЦˣ
ԽǴԽעӡһʲôûеˣʲô£Щ߸ϵˣһӰ쵽Ĳ˵棬棡
ڰжԸַһ㶼¡٣ַͿԹɱ٣
ַƴ֣ҲκĴѹ
Ф赭ĵȻκˣ¾͵Ϊֹɡ
ս֮˶ԾѣФʦôô˵ַɱ˾ŸʦôˣȻֻܿٲˡֻҪФ뿪֮ɵĩա
ФתͷԱߵ콫Ľÿ
ĵҾ˭Ϊִô
λǳǿƣǿƵ𾪣ַ綼û뵽
Ȼû֪λһǰһλʣȥӦƸۣƸ˳˸Խ˺֮ǡ
ڣ𽫽ŽФĲӶˬڶڶԼ϶᲻ˡ
Ф豻ɫ࣬ҷŭһһʱƲסĨôһ£ԼСɾ군ˡ
λκִתַ磬ִʦ¾Σ
ַ絭ĵִһ£ҲڶԼķΧ֮ڣȻִߴˣȻҪһ
κЦִʦһգԲΪִʦġ
ַ絭ЦôκܴôФǰһ˵ĻֻǴ˶ѣǴ


328 飬
κӵǲԾĳ˳飬Фʦ֮ǰȻԣִʦѾɱ˽λʦҲˣκĳһӣһɸΪ񲯡
ɸΪ񲯣ַЦκˣÿôڷФȥᷢʲôκӦúҶǴˣҪʲôҲֻҪФ˵Ļѣ첻ϣԼҪĻҾɱҲͽΪУ
κôĿû˸ִǰ˵
ִߣ
ַЦ
Цʲô
ЦʲôִַνĹֻǶЩ߶˵ģЩСִйôκΪ˾Ф裡ֻҪФȥҸұ֤̫ûɽɾͻҷ𣡶ִߵĴʵΪ˱治ַ˵ĶԲԣ
ַ˵ʵʵЩºܶ˶ףֻװ֪ѡһҪ۸̲һСִ߻ǸС˵ô
ѻһڣִ߱ǱݵһҩˣάݵĺƽͲþ־סʵϣν͹ƽڱĻ϶У˴Ϻ棬Щִ߿еĹȫˡ
κҧгݣִʦ㵽ôŷŹФʦ
ܼ򵥣ֻҪФʦ˵ĻЩٻѺФαĹˣ˵κλڶԼķΧ֮ڣŵڵ޳֮ɱλĴʦФҵģ֪ФôжΣΪڹ޳֮ˣκҪȣҲ͸κһӣⶨ麯Ϊǩ֣˵ɻַ籾ûκιϵͺãФʦκҲҾɱФ裬ʽͽս
ݣ
ĸַ֣һһִĳġ
ڵĿ£ַвִߣ
νǰ޹˺ߣ
ԲФӣǵִߣ͵һ
˶֪ĽôѾͽ˲ݵС
κĶФФʦִʦĻ
Ф豾˵ʲôѡ˽͡
йȻݺִ߾Ȼˣĵͷһء
κⶨ麯֮κӺФ趼ǩԼĴ˴¼ûκιϵ
֤ݣ˾޷湫ɿսַ֪Ժ󣬽ִ߶ᰵжԸԼַһ㶼ġ
ַǳ⣬ФֽеФ裬ҪĿԹˣ
ַ˵һЦİλҲЦ
ФֱһѪ˸򣬲Եڵء
Фʲôû˵˵ݻǺݻַûõģ
ִߺФȥ
Իûбȣַʱʲô¶ûзһߵŵĻ겻ǰ΢ЦſˣС㣬Իûʼأʼ
Żعһħһ㿴ַ磬ԺӲת壬ĵִʦ͸λʦԿʼ
˶Ϊô£ַЩʦ֮ı϶ȡˣ˭û뵽ȴȻУ
ʮλʦҲΪñˣԼڵѾĨȥʮ߸ȻҪɣ㣬ûг·ڣʲô
Ȼʮλʦûʲô
ַ翪ʼһһĺÿλʦԡЩʦҲóԼľַԡ
ַûȥԷ
һֱһһҹʱ䣬ڵڶŽڳûһ뿪һֱš
Խ֮˽Ŀڽ˴αʮִ߳ʦʮ߳
ǵģûַȷʮ߳һûӮûȥԷûþħַȫԼ汾ȥԵģ
˶û뵽ģڻɣִʦǷˮʮλʦΪַ֮ǰսĴʦǶÿζӮΣȴȫ䡣
Ȼʮַ߳ڸ˴ʦľ磬˴ʦǵżΪһĴʦ
ַˣĿģ⣡ЩʦڶԼˣҲûйϵ
ַ簴ճŵÿʦŰƷʯʮλʦһԼĹ
ĻڵעĿ£ַʮλʦԶȥ
صѧԺַʽÿλʦһǵıԺڴʦκҪַ綼㣡
ЩʦǶû뵽ַôŴǣţ档
źЩʦַ֮ʣµʮĸս
սھ죡
ʮĸ֮˽ӵַս֮Ļַ̻̣罫ʮŸ˶ɱһɶʮλʦѾַսǣ᲻ʼʩ
ǵЩǿս֮󣬾һ
ս飺ִʦʱսɴʦɽˣսӮɴʦŰƷʯڹŰƷʯʱӹΪ֮УִʦԴǰսѪϴɣ
ս
ȻЩɶûжԸɵɣַķһǣ㲻ңҲȥ㣬ңҾͽأ
ԣַֻ̲Щѣ
ڶ磬ַɴŰλǰ㳡ֽһζ
ʮĸĴʦΪϵĸȫһȱ
αշǳǢÿһ˶ǳ顣
ûйˣҷ·д輼һ㡣
ַһһĺЩʦԣڶ
ַʤʮʤܣַ綼̲Щ
ַ̲Щ֮ҲԼĳŵֲ֮޿ЩȫǨƵѧԺ
ֻҪЩκκҪַ綼Ღ֧֣
ʮСʱͣЪʯÿһʯַ
ַҲֻܰܻڣ޵Ҳֻܽ

ھŲ㣬ФĹڵϣѾҹڸȽ˳ء
ڳء
˵ɫǳѿϺһȲ衣
裬Ҷˣǳƽƽûκβ
Фȫ亹֪ԼŭĻһˡԼŭôԼˡ
شˣҸʮꡣ
еĲ豭һͷĳ޷ûһ˿Ѫɫţһִģһֽ̳ߵİͽЩҳչأ鶼һֲ͡ЩĺõģõģеﶼеףΪҰͽܶҶ㣬ֻҪĸҶȥڷ£Ϊʦôȥ
˵ţ֮гһ壬ѾѳƬһصı˵Ϣ֮ɢФоĵðһĸо
ʦǽʷ֮ʦµôһ仰ʥ񵹣飻֮ǰڱչأ飬Ҿ֪ʲôˣ裬Ϊʦôȥԭ㣿
ʦʦһҪԭͽεȫΪǽȺʮλʦɱʦ
ФĻѾ˭˭ҪôΪʦչǽҪͷû˼Щ£ЩԼȥˣΪʦľԭ㣬ãΪʦҲֻʹɱˣ
ФһϲʦѵѾʦľˣ
裬ǰΪʦѾʦľˣһֱ޷ͻƣǴһսΪʦʤĹͷͻʦ磬ΪʦûͻƣһսΪʦӮƣڣıչأΪʦѾ˶ʦԼԼĿһš
ڴ徳꣬ûͻʦһսɹͻʦ֮ˮɣѾʦ壡Ȼһţͨ񽳵һţ
ʦʵǸѧԺԺƵĵӣ
ʲôһ
Ф跸ô£ҲûôʣҲôģΪѾͻʦ磬ѾݲλˣҪ뿪ȥ׷ߵľ͸ߵĿꡣԣһвûзϡ
ȻڽôڣֻҪϽֻ·һǿڽʲôǣͲһεġ
ڡʥ񵹣飬齣ҲûôϡΪʥʦ񣬺֮еϵԣʥˣͻ顣
ڱǧ꣬ǸװᵽġĴʦߴǧˣ½Ĵʦ֮࣬ϣ½ǰʮĳһССܰᵹô
ԣûзϣֻǵʥ澡ʧֻ¡
ȻʥҲͬһ£Լͻ񽳣Щ㳡Ǹλ֮Ժٻǵʥĵ񣬶ĵ
Ƶĵӣô£ϸϸ˵
Щ£йƵ£֪
ӣӽзԣӽַ硣ǰ̲ͳһǽܱߵСҽѧԺ֮ڸĴѹ֮°˰꣬ڰ֮Ҳǰ죬ַսʮŸʮλʦǹˡʦǵݶԼݡ
ݶԼ֮ɫ䣬ƷʯȻôƷʯ
ǳ𾪣ڱݰ˰ٶʱ䣬ûôƷʯ˵ڲ֮Ѿ˽ȻֻǱϳԽĺܶٶİƷʯҲġ
Ф轫ľԭԭĸ˽񣬱ФҪѵģʦѾʼʱŹԼʦһԾŶûбҪˡ
Ф˵֮󣬽Ȼ֪Ф赱ʱˣַȦףҲ˵⣬ʥ֮ϻΧ׷Բи߽Ľ磬жĴʦҪƳҲҪСʱʱ䣬ɽ񣬵ʱҲַƳ硣
Ȼڲ˭Ƴ˽⣬ԣǳŽģ
˽֮󣬵ĵ裬ºɳǽģ֮£Ѵ̣ԣΪʦһҪͷ㡣
ʦ˵ѾŹôФһʦֶԼҪȻСʦƾͲ䵽³
ߣôסڿڣ㳡ΪѾý澡ʧΪĴϣݰ㣬ϺڣΪʦڸһλᣬҽʮȥַˣʲôһҪַɱ
°֮㻻ݣ֣Ĵϣʦͻ֮ˡ
лʦ
Фһ󼤶ʲôͷֻΪ˶ס˵Ŀڶѡʦͻ񽳾֮ԼˣФһ뵽жޱ˷ܡ


329 ̫
ַڽܱߵĴСȫַ̲Ŀ꽥ķ˽ĸ
ÿһʮλʦʮһ̲ЩַĿǰʵҪҲǳѡ
ַųߵ㣬ĶԸֻҪˣַͿʽԸ
죬ϢФʥٻ֮±ȥ֮λ
Ϣַ֮Աǡ
ҹϰϰ¸ա
ַĪƶ¾ٱ
ֵƹѲ֮ĪƵ磬ô죿
ַЦФ豻Ϣ滹Ǽ٣ФһԸǵġФԸ񣬿϶ᰵɱҡ
ĪƵ磬֪ԸФ費⣬϶ҪǸʦ𡣽ҪԸǽĸԸͻƵĻûʲôѶȣؼһԸһҶ棬һԸڵʵ»ܾˡ
֪ڲҪӴҪǰдѹǵľãеǮֱǮѹǣǮǣֻҪǵľñƣ㽣֧Ҳ£ȲǺǡ
ַû˵ȥַȲ𹫻ҲƲнڣʮƷµʯûʧʣҪǮжǮ

Фʮ
Ф֪Щַ翹϶ֻѡɱ
ַ⼸۳ﶼһˣһǿ߶ûСȻַǹôģΪ𹫻ʮʥǶʮСʱڰбַ磡
Фߵʮ϶ֲʮʥΪͲһεġ
Ф轫ַÿж·߶һַÿ춼һ˳룬ʼʱФΪַõһԼϹФǳСĽûɳ˰ɱֻ˰й۲졣
ǹ۲ʮԾɷַÿ춼ǹһˣФûôʱټ۲죬׼֡
ַȥ̻һһЩʯ̸һЩ⣬ճ𹫻᲻ãʶ̽⵽ʮиԼ
ЩȻФˣƾЩСαװǱжӲַʶ
ַһ˵СȥøЩһΧɱԼĺõص㡣
ոƧСʮ׷ʲôû˵׷ַ֡
ַ粢ûж֣бַ𹫻ʮʥѾַ籣м䡣
ִʦߣЩǰ˵ס
ַһ㶣Щʥ֮𱣻Լ;Լɱˡ
ʥץַߣȴַһȫҲקַ塣
ȻַžħħʥקĶ
ַ絭ĵÿһƷʯЩɱ⣡
ʮʥַ磬ַΧм䣬γһȦʮ͹
ʮǳƣѾַʮ죬ַ߸ûǿ߱ôͻȻʮǿߣ
Ǵ˿̣ӶӲˣַѾʮ
ַ綯ֵĻ϶ɱʮˣַֻǿֹЩߣûж֣Ҫʮʥ֣ΪַʮʥԼĴ֣
ִʦֻ𱣻㣬ɱˡ
ǺǣǲɱЩˣЩͷɱңǺ鷳һһСұɱˣô潻ɱˣҸʯһãѵô
һλʥΥǵĹ򣡡
ַģǻģɱЩˣû˻ǵͷϣֻΪҵɱģһϵûУ룬˭֪ǵĴڣ
ʮʥѾΪַħô½ڣǶʮСʱవбַ磬ÿ𹫻ǵĹһƷʯַһ־һŰƷʯϵڱ£ѵҪô
Ȼ˵𹫻ķһ׼ͱĿͻκξ׼ܿͻǮΪͻ£ֻ𱣻ͻ׼ɱˡ˽֣㱻ɱҲ˵Լ𹫻֮ˣ
˿ַ̣Ǯɱˣû˵ȥ˭֪
ʮʥ໥˼ۣڴɱ䣬Щɱȥ
ʮֻתʮת֮¡ʮʥսǳǿÿ˵Ĺļӳɣַ翴óЩʥ˴Ʒʯ
ӵʱ䲻ʮɱһɶ
ַʮʥÿһƷʯʮʥ¡
ַţԺüʮʥһΪԼܴ֡
ڶ죬Фɣսַ磡
ФҹһҹδߣԼɳûһ˻Ѿ֪ЩԶˡ
ȻĲУֻģФҲֻʣһ·ߡ
սַ磬ӮˣФܻ»صһ֮֮ϵĴϣΪļ̳ˣˣֻ·һ
ФսǶҲַֻܶȻܾ
ַ½αԴФĶ켼һֱڽеڶֻ֮£Ф裬ôַɵһһǰδеĸ߶ȡ
֮ǽ㳡
ս㳡Χˮйͨιսߴʮ࣬ϾַĶФ裬֮ǰĴϣ
˶룬ⳡԣַȫԾܾܾˣҲˣΪФǰѾǶʦַľԱġ
ַȴûоǴ
ַɴŰλ𣬶ζֻФһ˹ǰ
αԲûйˣΪݣФĶ쾳ֻڽ֮£Ķ˭ʸȥѵȥ뽣ô
ФĿĿַ磬ִʦαԣϷɴӱʧϷʶʶʲôĶ켼Ŀ
ФַνǺ֮ǣַĳֶһУ˿Ҳȫⳡ֮ϡ
ַƲͣмĵҪÿζˣƤӣÿζ˵ɴӱʧķϻ˵ôΣɻǺúõôұ˻Ǻúõվǰ
ФЩ飬ԼǶʦַ̥ѧϰ춼ӮԼ
ݣʦǿԼ⣬˭ܳԽФ裡
Фôһ룬ʱĴ
Фϻ˵ҪһƷҵҪʲôұȣ
ַЦðҵҪʶʶФʦĶ켼֪ФʦҪʲô
ФϷ쵶ʮǰϷһħô½ʮа֮ġնµΣϷʹһħô½ʮ֮ĵġ˪һ𵶣
˪һ𵶣
ȫ𾪣
һĴʦ첻ǵӵмǿĻֵĶʦܶ˪һ𵶣ħô½˽ļλʦܶ⣬˸첻
ãȻФʦ˪һ𵶣ôҺФʦһҲ˪һ𵶣
Фһ㶣ЦִʦԴݣǽλʦ֮ܶ⣬½ûеִܶʦ䶨ˣ
ôФʦôôϻ׼ĵذɡ
ַ仰Ф˵
ͣһʱΪַû׼һ˪Ĳϡַȥ𹫻Ṻ
˵
ʱһ󺰣ӴӶž޴ĳӿиһ̣Ѿ˱ء
ǽһϮأ췢޷֮ϴŵЦݣվһۺһ۵ʥ
˭û뵽αԽ٣
ս֮󣬽޾Ļ
ɵĿַɨһ£Ŀ֮һ˿Ϊ˲ľȣȻǿַȡ
ФʦǰԼķܲѣݣμˣ
ĿЩ䣬ФʦѾǽˣ˴˰ɡ
ФȻѾǽˣԶе񣡡
ɡ
ַƲͣĵװװǻơ
ִʦɣĿƳַ硣
ǡַĿرܵӭ˽
ַԱߵҧгݵĶŽ˫Ŀ֮ȫŭĪקקӣ侲
ַ絭Цţ֪Ϊ£
ֱַӳƽ񣬶ǽˣⱾԽһִ󲻾
ȻַѾͽѳΪУڵǲҪ𾴵ģַȫԼͽͬһλ˵˵ļΪ˼ǳףⳡҲû㣬
Ŀ֮һ˿䣬ȴ΢ЦţִʦҲ֪Фʦ֮ǰǽĶʦ쾳ֻ֮¡˴Фʦԣħô½Ķԣħô½ʮ֮ĵı˪һ𵶣ûһ֤ôԣ
˶óӲҪ֤ˡ
ַƲͣһӵĿŽ񣬡ɱĴʦ֤ˣһԿǿǣǽˣҿòŶҲãֱˣʲô֪
ɫ΢䣬û뵽ַ˿
ֳڴ඼ַĵʶǣͬʱ룬Խôûʲô
󵨣Ȼô˵
ַΪ˿϶ΪϵļҺͷ̶ŭİʥѾŭ졣
ַɫһ䣬԰ʥŭȣ󵨣Ҹ˵һֻϹʲô
ַ仰ֱȫڽǰѽ˵ɹ仰͵ںݺݵڽϳһƣ
ɫ䣬ɫһƬҰףû뵽ַ粻Լ񣬶Ҹ˿ûаԼ
ַЦǲǾҺܿǲǾҶʵģҲûжҲǱǽǰãǽǰδФ赱ڵ˵ݺΪأ뽣϶֪Ф赱ʱʲôݣǽһ֮֮ϣߵݺ͵λ޳ܵôǽˣνᣬ㣬ƾʲôȥ㣿ϴαФ֤ɣôŽ᲻ɣ
ַĻݺݵĴ˽У񱰱޳ܵСʲô
Զԣ˿̺޲ýַ˺Ƭǵڵ棬񲻸ңԼɱ˵Ļǽͳˡˡ
ѹסҪߵĵִʦϴФʦ飬ҲѾһôФѾִʦɱǽľλʦҲû׷ѵô
ģɳʮɱңû׷ô
ǺǡðɣȻҾǿŽƷҪ֤˾ɣϣһǧŪ١
ַÿ仰ڴ̼Ž񾭡
챻ѪˣϻǴ΢Ц
ַҲ̫ˡ


330 ˪һ
˷ַĶԻѾɨûа취ֲУǼֻܴѪ̡
ַץס˵ȥԷȴ
ֳĹڶһһ㶵ģһ㣬ַӡ裡Ȼ΢Цֱλ٣ѵ˾ô۸ô
˻ɽչؼʮ꣬ǲǱɵˣ
˴αҲǰַ罫αֻ˵ַбʤİաַʤФ裬ôὫַ绮Ϊ֮ڡ
νĿĲΪʲô֤ˣֻ֤˳ĿǿַĶַ;硣
ַƵĵӣ¶ǳŽ񲻵òַ硣
һʱ֮󣬱ʽʼ
¯ǡ¯¯¯һͷǧѿ죬¯һʮߵġ𡯣
ФһĽԼ¯¯ֳ˶ĿȵĶФ¯¯
֮ФĿ⿴ַ硣
ַҲܵ¯ϵͭ¯¯أҲһľʯ֮𡣡
ФЦһ¯Ĳôͭ¯ܳסʱĻô
ФЦͻȻȻֹЩǶĻʶѵַ᲻һﵽˣʲôϷ
ַƲͣһõĻֺͶ¯ܶõĶФһ¯¯첻ļѣ
ФЦҵҪô˪һ𵶣
Ȼζ첢ַǽ
ɣһĴʦ΢һǶľͻһѼƷϵФͽˣǰ϶У
ħ㡪긽壡
Դӵõħַ֮Ҳѧϰ긽С
ֱӸַϣӵнǿΪҲԽԼڱϣǸˣǰԼǶԷǿʮϣҲ˵ַѾӵļܣ
ַ٣ֻҪߣֻأǿѡ˵档
鸽ַ֮һԹһ㿴Χ
ƿַ壬оһ̹˵ĸоĺˬ
ааЦţФʦɣʲô˪һһûжȶһ飬ѧϰѧϰ֮ʶʶһ¯¯ôһģ
˵ʵǰĽħţ͵ȵĶʥңûж񽳾ַѹûж
ֱӱΪ񽳵ıФֻҪһ飬ͻѧᡣ
Фŭַ磬㲻Ҫ̫ˣ
ֽеӾǿôΣпıǮǾ磬˻ڴʦ壬Ļ鶹ײˣ
㡭
ʲô㣿˵ĲôԶɲʦխնܳΪһʦôľߵĻͳΪˣ
ַ磬һĺѿģ
ôô˧ˣҲ˧
㡭
Ф챻ѪˣڼŶϣѼвϷ඼ˡ
ФʱԽˣַӰҵĶ죡
ִַʦڱѾʼ㻹רĶɡ
ðɡһҪФʦѧϰô˪һأȷŹɡ
ַ°һӹȥŶȣŲ裬Ф졣
ַʶ飡ѽĸҺúõţӰҵ󣡡
УҪôֻҪʵõ󶼻Ϊģµż񣡶ô
ַ
ûʱƵģȻһȶ죬ȶ֮һٶ֡
Ф費Ϊʦַͻϵȫһ£ѡģ
ַҲͣФĶַܿ죬ÿһζǰһǳɣַʱ֮ϸĵѧϰš
ʱĺܿ죬ʱ֮¯ڵĸֲѾò˵ЩϷǳФӵж¯𣬲ϵƶԳɹ
ʱͣĲٿػÿһֲ֮ҪʵʱĲϽνһ
˪һ𵶣Ϊħô½еĵʵشﵽĳ̶ȣҪǵĹ֮дбԺͻԵĹ
ɽѩɽһĻ޷ڻ֮ıԺͻںѶߵġ
ˮԲϣͻԵĲںϣȽֲԵĻĲϴΪ㣬ںϣں֮ҪֲԵĻԣҲֲϵʣһѵģһССʧͻɵƷʽͣһ㣬ˮݣͻᵶѣը¯
Ф費ǶʦʱѾвںϣγһ׶Ρ
һʱͣƣФĶͷѾ˺ˮ˿Фһ¯ڵĵ
Ǵ
һĽɫ֮Ф߸ߵ
顭
ÿһδصĻУĵĽ֮ϵ״һδεĴ֮ȥ侫
粨ӿһδλźߵʯ
籩֮Ǵ½ھŵķ籩
һЩ۹Ĵʦ˳Ф¯¯Ƕ
˶ΪФֻҪ˪һ𵶣ַһ䣡
ʼʱ򣬷籩ӿķ籩һ㣬˵ĶĤķһɡ
֪ФĶѽӽβ

ϣФ轫Сĵķ¯ڣ¯ڵˮʯӴΧ
ӹһѳɫıսչǰ
ַо֮ɢϮ˵ĺ֮аһĻˡ
Фյһӡ
ˣ
һ·ţ֮ƹһФķ˹ȥ
٣
һȻ٣
һǲ٣ǼƷ
ȻФζı˪һǼƷ
ФӶбһӭ˿е١
ٵĿȻǱ˪һ𵶣Ф衣
Ф߷ȫĹڵΪӭЩѶȣ˿֮ϱ޾Ļˣ˹׷Բһı˪ǡ
ֲͬĹʼںϣޱӴϵľ޴ӭȥ
䣡䣡䣡䣡䣡
һıը֮Уٵͱ˪һ𵶵໥͵ٵȫ
ʮһָֻƽ
Фɫ԰ףͷ֮ϾǺˮЩҡҡ׹Ȼڷŵֿ֮з¡
Ф֮ϣһĿǳɨԼıִַʦ˪һѾɣϷļƷʥӮңҵҪִʦôӮң
ааЦţ˵ǼƷҲǿﵽƷˮ׼ѣʶʶʲôļƷ
Фû˵ʲôʮ㣬ͲַӮԼ
Ф費֪˿̲μӱԵĲַ磬ǽ飬񽳾Ĵڣ
Լ¯֮ǰһľٶƽ̨֮еĲϲȺȫ¯
ڸʲô
ѵִʦĳʶô
ȫϵȥôƣ
ִʦõͨڻЩʯͲôڻǧȵĸ£¯ܳô

۷׷ףڸ㲻ַʲô
˵ۻûϣһѳѾ¯֮ڷɳڿз˼Ȧ֮ϵٴν١
εҪФǴεǿϰٱֹ
ҿɢС٣һȡ
ַҲûţǲ˵˵ġ
Ҫ˵ַĻٴδԭء
·һ˺ڰϵĹ纣Хһ㷭ڣţʮˮͰһֵַķ˹
鲻㲻ָ߸ߵľ˪һ𵶣ָ졣
˪һ𵶵ĵһһ㽫еһ˹
˻˻˻˻˻˻
ûзκαը
һ̣еʧȫյ˱˪һ֮ڡ
Թɢȥ
ĹѾɣַƿ塣
еıо֮ǿַЩ֡
ַĿ⵭ĿФ裬ФʦļƷٵȫڱ֮ڣĵٵĴӵǰѵǺǣֻһƷ֮ѣԣˣ
ٵһ̣Ф֪ԼѾˣô벻ַ֮ߵľ磡ȻֻʮӾͶһѼƷ
̶ַ¯ڽУ˶ַ罫ȫ¯ڣʮ֮һѳɳû˿ַκַ
Ȼ͵͵Ľħͷ¯ڣ˭Ҳûз֣ħһݵĻ档
ͨĶѡģ򣬴ĸ̡žħһ֮ھͽвϰͣһΪȡʣԽϵĸЩʣֱþħٻ٣ڴ𣬾ħһֺµĻ棬ͲҪ
ФңԼˣһжˡ
ôФʦ㻹ĵأ㻹ʲôȹ֤˼ô
ʱαִʦʤ
ûФʦأ
ַ磬ȥɣ
Ф֪ԼҪַ޷֮ͻȻ֣˱˪һַȥ
ַЦٵ˹ȥ

һФıֱӶγڣַȻǰ䣬Ф롣
ַ翴Фʬ޳֮ͽ˾˻͵ϮңҺĵֻһҪȻ汻ˡ
ȻַĵٺãҲһФĵֻǷַ͵͵ʹɣФĵ˿տǣһ¾Ϳڡ
˶һж룬ִʦľǺεȼ
ɫҲÿ۾Ķַϵı˪һ𵶡
ִʦĵǷܽһ
ַ罫˹ȥ
õõõ
ŵְֵĸŵ鼤õ
ַǿ϶ʦһ㲻֣һ־
˿ڶ룬ַǰͼʮλʦַʮ߳϶ڷˮ
ַ֪ѱ˪һ𵶵ȷǼƷ϶ѾԽﵽʥ
񽫵ַ磬ĵִʦܸܲңʮھܶһѼƷ㾿ʲô磿
ַʵǲ֪ʲô磿
񵭵ĵʦ񽳾ֻһһҡ
Զ𾪲ѣ˾ȻѾһλʦǶʦ˶ף񽳾ֻһ֮ңҲ˵ò˶ãͻͻ񽳣
ַûлشԼľ磬ǵǣ˱һΣ
һ㶣֮Цִʦ˵ЦˣôܺһλСأ˵ˣʦʦҵİͽ˵һʦء


331 ҹϮ
ַһ㶣Ƶʦǽ
ʦΪζԽ֮ǣ
£ַҲƺͽĳޣֻԼȥ뽫ͽܺŮС
ΪԶˣֱϣַƺ֮ȥѰҽԡ
ʱַ֪ȥԲĪưбƣһĪһӦƵû⣬ַû뵽Ƶĵǽ
ίַܾԣƣַϵ
ǣȴʵ䷴ַ֪ǺͽɱġĻַֻܼŭ
ַƽĵ񣬱׽ֻ֪ʦض֪ǽ֮񣬶ıħô½˫սɸҽӣ
ַڶսڵĿⶢŽ񣬶ڴĻش𡣵һνίܾûʲôǵڶپܾĻ飿
룬Цţַ磬ħô½ˣֻйǼλʦʸսңһССɴʦûʸսң
Ѿַ֪罻ȴܴӦַսȻ˵ԼǶʦַ緽¶һ֣ʮʱ䣬ͨ¯¯ͶһѶһ֣ǽҲ
ԣܾ߸ϵݾܾڹЩʧ˶뿴֡
ַЦûʸ񣿴ФĶ쾳ǱݵڶڶҴˣɱˣôûʸսݵһô񣬻㲻ң
νò׳棬ַ϶ҪסᣡҪȻƽ֣֪Ҫȵʱ
ǲȻĳ鴤ţԼһãַ粽ƣӦĻ˶Ϊַѹס˽һͷ
Σ񲻵òӦַӦ
ãܺáȻСսôʹӦս֮ǱΣ
£ַЦ϶ڶԸԼ
ã¾£ʱȫ֪ħô½˭Ƕһ
û˵һһλʥڿնȥ
£ӱһڳ֣
ļڣַ糹׵òѹĸڶ̶̵֮ڣеȫϿȫַǮȫ
յĵӣַ绨Ǯ򣬲ģ⣡˵ģֱӰɱ
ϣҪʵҪǮû첻£
ַҪһ֮ڽǮҿ磡
̶̵ʮʱ䣬Ѿ˾Դȥµʱ䣬ɾͻ
ַ֪ɵģûκ֤ݡ
ǱȲѾַĶ֣һʼʱ϶ԸַĻ϶ַܽѹסѾˡ
ɳɱַ磬ÿζȫûɱַ粻ɣֽĿ궢ѧԺˣѧԺһλ𱣻ɳˣûһܻŻȥ
ΣҲɳʦȥսַ磬ַѾӮФ裬˱ڶĴʦĴʦȥǰװ뻢ô
֮£ֻܽ»㱨
Ȼܣ
϶ܣҪַƴַˣͲòμºıˡ
ԽǳĺһٶΪĸΪ˶£ȻҲڽıӻ֮һֱݣֻҪҲᵹ
£Ȼ֮λǳĺ
ǣλһܵĻ飬˾Ͷַ磡
˿϶֪Ĵ㣬˵ַԿҵɵĻȻḲ𣬵ַҲ˲أ
˾ԲôûΪõĹߣ
ַ֪ȥˣڵķչǰãַۺ񣬳ִ󷽣Щֺʹʦǣÿ궼аƷʯͣĸ༸ʮʱ䶼òһŰƷʯ
ԣȨһ£ȥǻͶɣ
ǣ˼죬һλʦͶַ硣
ַ統ȻӭͶҸÿλʹʦЩǿͰƷʯ
ʱַѾ̲
ڽһɣһǽ
ַ罫ɸΪڣʵɷչһĳ̶ȣͲﵽһĳ̶ȣȻΪɣʱַ֮ѾΪһɣ
ʱڵĴʦѾӽˣ࣬ٶ࣬ٶ࣬ǧࡣ
ѧԱѾﵽ˶ʮ࣡ȻЩѧԱǰĵطѧϰַͶʽѧԺȻһһĽЩѧԱѧԱ
Ȼַʵۺ񣬻ܺͽ濹⣡
ʦǧϣǧ࣡ʮ򣡶ֻǱڽжַҲ֪
Ȼַڲȥǽ֮ԼͽһսֻҪˣԼΪݵһôеʱ佫壡
ֻҪһ㽣ǧʦΣ
ַ粻ȥǽˣڽ˾ͲȥԸַ硣
ȷûȥԸַ磬ΪΪʦֻҪôһͻƣڽҪľǱԣֻкͶֵı֮УӶҵָоּ˵ʹԼͻƣ
ھҪ֣Ƿ½˭ԼĶַ֣Լͻ񽳵ĵʯָоֻҪַܴԼһͻ񽳣
ԣһֱûԸַ磬Ҫַ羲Լúõıһ
˶ô룬һδεսϣٻʥɱʮλʦߣ̲˽ĸһδεԽսô̵ȥ
ԽʦȥսɵĴʦĻʧݣԣһЩ˿ʼܶԸɵˡ
ʱ䣬ַ׼ӭӽĽ

ѧԺͬʱַ׼ѧԺΧѧԺ󷨵ĸֱӺѧԺĽϣһԱѧԺһͿ׽һ򾡣
ַõǾ½ʮ֮һġǶ
ħ֮ʱַʶǶԣ󷨱ѧԺǽȫ湥ַҲаձסѧԺ
ǶǳѣȻǶǳϤ֮Ϸǳ򵥣ʵʲȵ컹ѣ
ҪʯЩʯάתľʯʥΪ˲Ƕʥϼôľʯʯ֮Ϊ֮أټʥеǿߵſǶ
ȻַǶĴС϶ܺ͵ʥصǶȣĴ󣬾ַӵоԵĲƸûмʱɲ˵ġ
ַ罫Ƕļƻ֮󣬾ķҪ²ȫ

㣬ƽ״λ֮ϣʣµλϾ̫ʦ֮ϡ֮һɫǧ
ʱټǹɵ顣֪һδεսǽϣŴǽѾ̲ǽܱеȻսˡȻһֱǽΪǲܺЩСȥ濪սǽϣ飬ѾӰǽڱչأϴҺĳˣҹϮɣ𣡡
ǰվǸϣǡ𡯵ֻˣû˵ǲжǳе𡣡
΢ŭ˵ˣڱչأڽһȫȨʱ˹һе˵ˣǽЩڰΪˣû֪ǽˣֻҪ˭֪ģ¶Ҫ֤ݣ
ȻЩ˵֤ʲôǣɱ˭֪ǽģ
Ȼô˵еȫеˡ

ãַ磬𴲣
ַ磬ߣ
СٻͬʱַĶڣǳ١
ôˣ
ǧѧԺΧȫҲסģߣ
ǧ
ַһû뵽ôֱʣ뽫
ǶڲڿʼҪȻǧַҲ赲
ڣôַҲû⣡
ַץߵĺ£˸ڵĪơ
Īƣͺ¡ԡߣ
ĪƵͷ
Իû˯ѣʣôˣʦܣ
ûʲôǿߣ𹫻ĵߣֻҪӵ𹫻ĵ̾û˸ﶯ֣󣡡
ԻЩԺĵʦܣô֣õôǰжٴθɱ㣬Ƕȫûô
ڶԷǧ𣡶Ƕ𣡱ϻˣߣٲߣˣȹȥߵˣȥǣ
һСģ
ʦܣҪ㲢ս
ߣ

ĪƵߺַһǱдʦ룡
ˣַ˲ˣֻҪסܱסɣ
ʦǿǿ߻ţɻܶɽʦȫˣôɾͳ׵
ַдʦһ𣬵Ȼֻ˵ϮתЩʦ
λŴʦ룬ַ罫ʣµһٶ𣬻֮µ˵󣬵סǧĽŲ
ȻѧԺǧѧԱַҲЩߣӶԶܲߣͿǵˡ
ַ粢ûиЩ˵˵ǿ˵ǧϮ˶һսûУֻܣ
ûЩ˾ڻңַҲôЩסͻϮΪĪƵ˺ٶʦһЩߵʱ䡣
ӹǧӰԶ
ѧԺ¥֮ȫǸַ֣һ£˳ǧӭȥ
ǧλҲǴһû뵽ԷѾ֪ҪҹϮһ̣ǧ𿴵Ⱥֻ֮ǰɱ˹ȥ
սܿĻȫһ浹ɱַߵ˶࣬ǧֹ˶ƶһĴ
ստʼַߵ˾ͿʼܣǧҲɢֳʮΣÿһѧԺ˰Χȥ
ַ粻ͣʹá͡Ǭħ䣬ַ緢ԼĹֻܽЩˣ
˺ܿ췢ַߵȫǿߣһǧַȫΧ
򣬻ˮ򣡡
԰ΧַΪսӳɣͬʱǵս½ɡ
Էʥһ£ȽΧסҪ֣Ҫж


332 
һǧ˵սǳͬͬˣַǬħǿÿζȥᱻϻ⡣
ַȶٶȥ·ȫΧȦ£ַɱ
ַһͻƣַǸ򣬵˵󲹹ַһδεͻʧܡ
ַе΢ͰǬħһֱûַֹͣһֹͣ˻ɱ˻ȫû
ִˣ̫ǿΨԱִʦһ˿ߵϣ
ִˣֻҪߣһлʱͿΪǱ𣡡
ִˣǲ
ҲҪǼµ
ЩȻֻ˳̶ַ̼ʱ䣬ǵκҪַ綼㣬ѾַĹ
ǰȫַǬħı֮£ûʵԿǧǶ֪ѷɣԴַȥֻҪַȥͿԾΪǱ
ַһĸжԼҲ޷סЩˣַߵĻȫڤħߡ
ַΪʱ䣬Ϊǰߵȡʱ䣬һֱڲͣʹǬħ䡣
΢ͰǬħһ˷£ÿһıըʥһЩըӦǿĹЩǰַֻԵǻ
ַ緢֣ԼǬħм⼸Ҳֻ˶ѣ޷ش֣
ǧ϶ж𼶷װͨʥҲֻǣҸ壬ǧˣҲɱһˣǧ˵Ľˣսһģսͬʱÿ˵ʶŻ飬ֻҪһΣգ˶ܼʱƿǵķܣ㱣ʮʥҲûа취
ִʦ㲻ùˣǱ㣬취ߣ
ַ֪ʹþһδεĻ˵˵Ľַķǳַ絹ˣǵϣûˡ
ַһֱûߣֻΪ˳˵ȡʱ䣬ֻԼһӣ˵Щ˾ܰȫһӣ
ǧ׷ɱȥ롣
ַﵽ𹫻ĵ̰Сʱ͵ѾȥʮӣֻҪԼټֶʮӾͺã
ַµУֵһǲߵģҪΪߵȡʱ䣡ֻǻţǲܶɽ𣬱ѩޣ
ַѾŲסˣʱʹǬħ䣬Ѿȥһ룬ҲǳѾļ
ַߵ˷ַ籣ǧκ͵ϮַĻᣬַҲȫһһʹǬħ䣬סǰ
˫Ǳķǳ٣ַȴ᧿Σ
𿴵ַôҲǳ𾪣۴һ濴ַٶȶﵽʥķ룬ַ绹һλʦŲȥĻ϶˵ľУ
һʱòַ磬ҲֻܰΧַ磬һδεַڵȴַߵһ̡
ϴַʱò£ҪǷֳȥ׷ɱߵˣӵ𹫻ĵ̣Ҳﶯ֡
ϴַ߱һλǿ𶼲ٴʦҲӰЩߵĻ
ΪֻҪַһɾͻ߽⣡ֻҪɱַ磬ݻѧԺһжʼʱҲûаߵЩ˷ϣµôһ˵ʱնݱ
꽣ϵƵ֣Źһ·Ƕһλʦ裡һʦ֣Ļ߱ܣȴڽ̳ͽôǰΪʦ
ǲնݳĻӣ
ãһ飬ȥ׷ɱߵˣ
ŰѸããҹ֮ȥ
ִˣѾȥ׷ɱǳ֮ˣǱ㣬Ϊըһ·ߣ
ʱٶͬʱת˵һȥ
ҪԱҿɢ
䣡
Աǳǿȫתǿʮʮȫλ޲Ĺ
ǰʮԱ֮£ΧȦʹңţʮ˹ȥÿ˶顣
ַ翴ԼһΪԼʧоʹ
һٶԱΪַ忪һѪ·
ʣµһڻַӳ忪֮·֮ߡ
׷
ǧ׷ϡ
ִʦߣùǣ
ַһ˿ʹ࣬ȵλֵܣַԼ귢ģգһ̤ƽнΪֵܼ꣡
ַʧããҹ֮УʣµİҲڽˣֻҪеҪԽǵķߣͻȥԱ
ԱһδεסЩĽŲ
Щǰ̵ַӵԽԶԽá
ַûһƬɭ֮ڤħ𹫻ķȥ
ڤħٶȷǳ죬ʮѾ쵽𹫻ıԵַ翴ԼµһͽľŰսһ
ǾŰսַһԿģɱһʱǲܵģ
ΪÿдıַıʵȪˮЩһ£һֻĳ
ǾȪˮԴĻ϶ҲȲ
һԺ󣬶׷׽׼һԴ
ţһ𽥽ĳ
ַ緽ʹôǬħ䣬оǳȥæ϶ѱ
飬ɣЩȫɱ
Ϊ񰡣˵ɱЩǳѣռֲʹʥֻҪʮʥæɱ棬Ӧû⡣
ַһ󺰣ʮæô
ַ绰䣬ʮʥ֡
ִʦǲ㣬ض𹫻ıԵˣǵ˿ʮ˾ͳ군ˡ
ǰִʦ㲻֪𹫻ķǳϸǷСþҲ·һ
ʮ˶ͬ⡣
ǣֻҪǱ㡣ʱҾͻ޹˼ɵĳ֣Ҷ񽳵ľ磬ֻҪϵĶװƻɱǲʲô¡ʱһʮʥֵġ
ַʮʥҵ˼ǣֻҪңֻҪǱǳ֣ҵȫǼɣΥɣʱÿһŰƷʯ
ʮʥΧһСȦСʮ룬Եͷ
ãִʦͬ⣬ֻܱİȫ֣
ã
ħ㡪긽壡
֮Ľڤħ𣬵ȻڤħĻ϶ᱻ֪ѪħͬϾ½ַֻһ˲г
϶ܱ¶
嵽սȦ֮Уһ𺰵ȳˣȥǰȥȥ𹫻ĵ̣Ըǣ
һʱѾʣʮˣʮ߸Ѿɱ
Щ׷ױߴ߳û׷һٶ˴ôãɱһ˶ǳѣǿɲ뽫ʱ˷Щϣοַѵǹһˣɱַʱ
ַյʮλǿַߣַΧסַ籣ܲ͸磡
鿪ʼ֣ľʥԲľ磬ɲóԽʥֻԲЩ˽档
ַ絹ҪôԸЩġ
ǾŰ𿴵ԷֻʮһˣսپȻ׷ɱ֮ˣǺʮһ˶֮ǷĹȻַʮȫ
Űףʮ˸𣬶ʥǿߣҲֻʥܵסô˵Ĺ
ֵȫõǿ񱩵ĽԺͻԹ
ʶһ׷򣬶ȫʮʥԼֻܽ
鶢ϵǳôܻôӣ㲻֪ԼѾһʶӵô
鹥һֱŰġװһֶװ
̵ģֲöһʥĹܿסԭĶװ
װָñӡ·ӡЬȣȫװͬԵĶװװȫĻٶȡͷ϶ȫ˺ʹһ£һѭתΪԼ
ʱʶַ˼ַ磬ЩɱģĶǶȫװһ϶ģĽ˿͵Ŀʯ죬ϣһ󲿷ֵ˺ᱻװգһСֵĻᱻûãҲƻǵװסһᣬǰ˳뵽ȫĵص֮Ǿͳˡ
ɱռ޵У
ô˵Ҳȫ޵еģǵװٺãҲһ޶ȣǾŰˣȻ޷Ըһ˵ĻҰСʱҾͿɱΪһʥܣ֮ߵģǵϣ϶·һ
ַһҲû뵽װôַȥעװ⡣ַѾӵǧŵһħȻԱκûʲôȤ
װַоֻǸ۶ѣֻΪ߲
ڣַ粻ôˣЩװ׵ĵ߸ַȻҲַһ˵⡣
ʵͨ˷ǳ򵥣һͨ˿ǹһͨˣеĻ϶˻Ǹ˴ŷµĻ϶ʲô¶ûС
ԶǸװʱһ޵оӣͿԺɨ½ˣ
ô
ǳ϶ǿ϶ģռǲʥĳ֣һʥװһ˭ɱˣ
ַһϲܿͱСٻһˮ
Сٻռ䣬ͲֶܳʥĲϣ붼룬ǿռƵĶΪʲôռĴʦô࣬ʦôأҲǹռƵĶİ취ɡ
ַʵ飬ǲСٻ˵
ǰ
飬㾡˵Щϻַŭ
ûʲôҺʮʥסЩˣתƵȫشûҲð
죬ɺʮʥ
ʮʥʱ޿̵ĵžŰٶඥĹʱƣʥҲ쵲סˣ˿̣ԶǧѾ׷
ʱһ
ŽĴȣʮʥŽԶȥ
鲻ĵôߣͻΧôʮһ˾Զѷɣ
ûŰٸַ˰ΧʵʵĻǳ϶׷ϡ
һʥִʦô죿
ô죿϶ʮΪҿһ·ߣ֮ǳȥͺã˵ܲˣ
ַô˵Ҫʮʥ֡
ʮʥ룬Ե˵ͷʮٲ֣»ȫû
ʮʥͬʱ֣󱣻ַ𹫻ķ롣
ʥֲͬ죬ÿεĹתǿһ
ʮʥһͻƿڷ񹥻ǹٶȡǽЩܱġ
ŰٶƾŶװӲĵסʮʥĽŲֻҪڳһᣬԮһʮʥַ


333 淨
ʮʥǳΪǵٶȺҪӾŰٸİΧ֮߷ǳףһֱףǲܵ£
ŰٸΪ˵סǵĽŲȻǵĹÿαɣǰͺ̵ٴɱ
ʮʥʱҲ֪Щ𲻵ΪǶŶװǳҲɱЩ
Σʱˣһʮɡ
𣺡ռתƴ󷨣
ǳ󣬺µƵġ
ֱ֮ǬǬһλʥͷ֮ڡ
սûȥעһССĳ
Ȼ޺ȫϹģûʲôռתƴ󷨡ٴĿľΪתߣõ˺ʮʥΪַˡռתƴ󷨡ߡ
ַ¿Լ壬Ȫ淢һС
ַͻȻʧһ㶣ʮʥû˱Ŀ꣬ʱһɣǿٶȻΪ㣬ʮɢȥ
ŰҲʮʥʮʥûвȡΧɱǷȥ
ŰҪɱʮʥҲǳѣʮ˶ǶʥǱƼˣʹʥжװҲᱻɱ
ʥһЩʥ˱͵Ŀռѡ
ŰҪĿַЩߵĴʦ
Űٴ𹫻ķ׷ȥѾˣɵĴʦЩѾ𹫻ĵ̡
ôֱӽ𹫻ᣬóһЩ߽׵ʯ𹫻һʯ
ŰĵҲҴ𹫻ȥ£ûʲô
ʵý𹫻Ҳû£ֻҪ𹫻ĵ̣ﶯ֣𹫻Ĵʥͻ֣µȫɱ
𹫻´κӣ
ԣЩˣûеط㣬𹫻ĵ̾ǷǳȫģȻҲǾԵİȫûֳ̫Ķ֮µĸֱɱ֮ڵģ𹫻Ҳܵġǽϵ£̫ǧ˭Ҷ֣

ǾŰ룬׷Ҳų롣
ЩٴλصѧԺλãһѻ𣬽ѧԺյһɶЩַ̲ˣѧԱʮɱһɶ
ڶ죬Χڣֻʣ˽һɣ
أŭ
ָϣĻұչؾȻ£ѵǲ֪²̫ôǽܱ˶ɱһɶܿͻһֻǽڵֻһĻû˵ˣû˶ֻʲô϶ڲìܣЩѵô
ϵˣȲҪͳһ˽ܱ֮еôչȥһǽвԣλϲ齫Ƕɱҡ֮С
Цǽʵ˲ѵ˲ôٷչһ꣬һǧ궼ܳԽǽЩڲĹ˲֪ѵ֪ôΪʲôԸǣɶǽܱߵһδĻΧֻǽɡɳǽҪԸǽǿôַҪսңôˣѵɱôɱô
֪ôҵϣֻͳһ˽ܱȻ󣬱ͻһ֣ʱ򣬽ܱȫµѪҺһδϴƣȫַȥϴƣȥϴƣʡȥǶ鷳
֪ǸôΪʲôַԸǣҲôҾһϴЩСĴڶѾ˲ٵĵ̣ڲһЩҲıȥǵĸʮѾǶ⡯һδεѹƣòΪǵĸǴǽ£ȻΪǵ棡ǵǰǴ¼ôϸĹǰװ¼ʧ˶٣ȻʦЩʦԵ١ǽǧʦÿꡮԶ١ֲܹĶԸЩǵ棡ԣνַ˲١⡯ˣЩĿͻᱻǽ֣Ǵ棡
ַʲôʲôҪԸǵĻֻһ仰£õôΪʲôФˣһ־ҳһţϼФ裬ǰ˵ФĻǽأǲФ裡֪ΪʲôסФô˽ʮƷʯԣһҲ취ȥɱԾͽַɱ
ɼַȥά֣һЩͻҲһЩͼĿͻתҲЩʦַɵĴڣ޺ģǲΪַһδεսϣһɱʮλʦǲǾþӦýɸ𣿡
ҽʲôˣǽڱǧĵ̣κұǶѵΪϺͿ˻һССɺַôεֱԾĹ
ûˣǲǾǽˣǲǾ˵｣ɾǰǾȻҶá𡯵ˣҸǣɣ˽ܱΪĸôڵĻһǿһܶΪһɺͽ⣬ͻԽԽ˵֪֪
һ˵ô࣬һң鶼ˡԭһжڽ˵ļƻ֮УţΪ˻ˣû뵽ʵ䷴
һڲ֮ŭô࣬ɱ˷Ż𣬿ҪﶼˣַˣдʦҲˣ˵ɱʲôãŻѧԺʲôã鲻ˣǽ˶Ķǽѵ㲻κҪ֮ȥôҪȻҩִ߲ŸʲôΪ˱
ˣҲˣˣһ˱ڹȻԼǮѧԺַǸȻһڹ֮½ڹնɱ¾ˡ
һ϶
ĳʱˣҳע⣬Ͷûκιϵһ˳е
Ϻһİ
ȣˣ
ڣ
ʱ˽
϶æˣŹİɣҲģҲΪǽ롣
ҲˣĲϳʮһ꣬ܶ鶼ףˣٸһλɡ
ЦϺȥ֮ڱݹ㳡ҪԽնɱûеĲƲؽѧԺ
ǣ
ϺףԭҪɱ

ˣûйҲпͣ
ϳȥ
Ǻεȴˣ˭ʲôˣ֪ĳϾΪ鹢ֱ·ǳе֮磬ֻʮ꣬űΪϣҲĺѡˡ
ĳǲͬϺϵڶϺϵѹֵһ㣬ֻۣͬ㣬Ȼ
ţ˵˭ڹĳϺԥĳһС
ĳϵϿԼӰӣ֮λ֮ʱֻŽ췢ýȵĳΪħô½һ
ǵλõʱ򣬲ŷ֣ߴʤ
ģһЩ£ýԼĳԣû飬ûĺȥԸǱڵвǶԺͶԸԼ
ģˣѽ֮Լ֮λȫɱˣɱЩˣЩ˾ͻʱ޿̵Լ
Ҳ֣ԼѾΪΪǸˣΪ棬Ϊ
û棬ûһе붼޷ȥʵ֣
˿ֻ̣ʣ½ĳˡ
ģҵԲԣǲǾһжøӡ
ĳֱԵǵģˣԽת䡣ҵǶϴһжǽʦʵȥ˵û뵽滹ôิӵĹϵ
ӣ㻹СܶԺˡ֪ΪʲôǽǶϴôһΪǵΪǸЩʦǴ棡ֻҪڣЩʦǲŻǽǽΪԶĵһȻǲģҪֶΣǽˣ˳˳Ļֻ·һ
ˣˡ
Ժ󣬽ͽˣΪʦҪչˡס˵ңҪ½ۡλֵܾõİ
ǣˣ

ַʱס𹫻ĵ̡Ȼַ𹫻᳤ɯ˸кɯ͸ַ簲˷ǳסȻЩסþͶá
ҹ޷磬Щƣַһ˺ƾơ
ĪƱҪַ磬ַоʮʶʮСʱַɲĪƱ¶ݡ
Сӣˣ߲ܸڰ˳ɡЩҲҲֻǱ̲ѣЩ𣬶Ϊģ磬ˣǲܵģоԵʵûУ
˵⻰֪ǰΣַ绹Ǵַ̼硣
ַ͹һھƣǣҲΪûκģΪȥˣһΪǱĵһڽ֮ʲôǣԭôǿԸɾһֻһô򵥣
ַ粻֪ʲôʱ𣬱Į˵˵Ѿ޹ؽҪַֻںԼںˣȥԼ뱣ˣ
ȻڵϣַǴαħĽɱһսַĻУͨ˵һַ̣ħҲһַĮ飡
Сٻûַ磬㻹ǵ͹ʵˣڱǧĵ̣һִıս̲߱㽣ÿʮ궼ỻʵܱߵڽп֮Уĸ΢󣬻߶ԽôһӰ죬ͻԥЩ
û򣬽ͳһЩСĻǳ򵥣ȴǵĴڣ⣬̫Ļ棬鷳϶ϣӰ쵽档ҲĻԥĽǸһ΢ƽ⣬ƽ⣬ûоԵͲƸǴƵģַ磬㻹̫ˡ
СٻֵԱǧû˸ַģҲֻӵǧĵ̣ҲǱݵľ԰ֵַĶ󣬽Ὣַʵýˡɵ̲ϴƣǿȨߵ淨ÿһʱ䣬Ȩ߻ܱϴƣ벻׵ǣΪʲôνô콫𣿡


334 ໥
Ҳ벻ף˵Ӧýֻ׵ںԻûзʣôô׵ˣ׵ǲ԰
СٻǰԽʼɣΪЩ֮Щϵͻϵʱͻ֣϶ҵľֻᱻƣֻǿ󣡰˵һֱɣᰵаæɿٷչȴ֣ٹϼ߼ʮٶԸɡôͻȻ֮佫ԽһôûСһûκξͬʱҲһѶϢ¢ħô½ҵºܿᴫ½Ķл½֪˭չ˭ҿ⽣
ǽǼһԱû³ŵģ𹫻ôţҸ¢ϣң
ַǳƵĵ˵ʲô
ַȷԺƶǶ
Сٻǳ򵥣һ½һҵһͷߡɣɻҵлᣬһԵİǣ˭ǰ涼кܶܶСĴڡ㣬֪ɣ
šЩַ϶֪
СٻЩ϶ǰλãǷЩԽ趨ĵ֮ʱͻѹǸѹֻǾ棬ѹõĻͻ취ȥǸȻԶ֣ǽȥǸô

ţǣҪһֱλãҪ˲ţϵչϵ¢ϸ߲㾭ãγ˰ĵ̣ЩʱֻԽԽǿ󣡾Ѿӵǧ̡ЩԵе̲Ͳǲֻǽ󲿷ֵ滯ΪУһСֵЩСһֱ˲ţһֱϵչö֮ͻһϵеľΣָ벻ľΣҪȹľΣҪľԴ
Ҫ̲ľԴֱӶǲеģֱӶǸûģǸְҵɣԾģʽΪɣǱǶװǮɱôΣˣˣѻȥûкܶĿͻҪǿͻɱˣ
ԣÿܶ꣬Σһ֣ͻᶢϼ˵Ĵ߸̲ЩЩĿͻͨһЩֶΣȫᱻȥǽΣð취Ȼ̲ΪЩͿۣ̲ЩֻӸҪľǰϰǴ۸κСɵģʵϣеһжðвݣЩϴ֮ЩͻЩ̲ĴͬʱҲᶢʣȻ׵ǰ淨򣡡
ַˣ˵ν˾ΣǷǳľΣûа취ȥȥʱɳˣԽȥ̲롭ȷ̲֮кܶͻˡҵʱûע⣬ʱ̲Щ֮ǵĺͬͺͿͻֹֹԺһںǩͬǵǵһ֮ȥ˵ѾͽǩԼˡˣǲṫȻ˵ĿͻɵֶΣôһֱǽõӣ
ַŭ飬Сٻǲһʼ֪ҾǱõӣ
ǰûʲôΣգҪ㣬¡ҿʼʱ룬ţͷ̫ˣǵĵײˣǶ棬ǣ˭Ҳû뵽£ǲ֪﷢񾭣ˣҺСٻû뵽
ַûйֽСٻ˵ȷûôַıҪʱַԼͻ֪
ַҲΣͻȻҪأ
ε¼ַѾԽʵһ˽⣡ַһα׷ɱĶӣ
ҪԸҪɱ̫ˣַ籾ͽԶ֮ʱɱ񣬿һ룬ܣ
ǺͽˣַҲô
Сٻ֦ͬܵв˽ĵߣĴ֣ǰǿȨִ߾ǿַ磬ҪĽ𣬴˵ǲܵġ
ַŴһʼԼƻһУΪ˳̲˽ܱߵȻչԼܺͽ⣬սֻҪˣ᲻ơ
Լ뷨ԼļƻǶôɺͿЦ
һжûˣҪֻܴ㿪ʼַʲôԿַԼһ𹫻ĵ̾ͻᱻɱ
һλҵַ磬ַһš
ǽױż
ִʦ
ɸ֮£бǸ±һŲ֪ȳ֪֮Ϊ֮󣬽㳡һ
飬Сٻ£ôַѾ˵ףǻСٻ֮ǰߴһβٴˡ
ݵĿģһΪ˺Īݣܴ½ǿߵ׷ɱڶΪѧϰҩѾΪһʦԳ뿪Ȼ󻻸ȥѧϰģѧ֮ȥҩѧϰҩ󷨺ѱѧҲԲѧߵЩˣԽǰ𹫻ߣֱ𹫻֮⣬ĲͶ𹫻Ҫԣ𹫻ԻӦڽ⣬ȫԷ£
ַô£ʦĳ϶ҪΪȥЩĳҲһҪ
Сٻӱʮ겻ڵʵ޷ͽ⣬νͷ½ѧԺ֮㡣󻹻㣬·㻹ǲҪߵĺãҪԸһʵ֮ѡ
Сٻ˼ַصޡ
ַѧϰְҵܵģֻҪҪ˰ŵλԼԼͺãȫûбҪȥὣˡ
ĻַԶ޷ɱһ˻ף뽫ǧĵַ̣ģ
ַ粻ô׷ˣԼԸ˽һԿԶԸǾǡ𹫻ᣡ
𹫻޷Ϊ棡ֻҪԼܴǵ泬棬ַһа취𹫻Ը
Ȼ˵𹫻ֻ̣κ֮ķֻǱϵģÿ˺ÿеߵģַҪľǮңһֱҵ𹫻æԸ
ҹɯûϢڼϸµӯɯǳ⣬Դӱסַ֮࣬𹫻ӯɱɯĵλ𹫻֮˼Ρ
ɯţٶȷչȥòʱ䣬Լͻᱻܻᣡ
ڼǰɯõַڵɱϢɯҲģӰԼӯַˣôԼҡǮһߣԼʱܵܲ
ɯΪ·ղѡ
ʱɯ΢͵ϳһϢַá
ִʦأ
ɯ磬ϲкַ磬Ըַһȡ
ɯ᳤æġ
ˣִʦʲô¾˵ֻҪܰϵģҿ϶
ַ絭ĵҿֱ˵ˣҪ𹫻æԸ
ɯһ㶣ִʦɺͽҲţ𹫻ķǲܲμκæҲΪ
ַ֪ɯַܾģҲʮİ˵ɯ
ɯ᳤ҵȻ֪Ҳ𹫻ĻԱǵȻֶԸԼĿͻҵ˼ǣ𹫻ᰵаæɳһЩֶԸһЩǱڵĵˣȻ˵ˣҳǮ¾ô򵥣
ɯıûʲô仯ǵ֣𹫻еǣǽħô½֮һҪԸǳѡҪԸ𹫻᲻Ҫ֦ͬҪԸ͵ҪԸִʦҪ֪ÿҪ𹫻ô۵ĸƷ鼰ħô½ÿ۶һ֣̻֮аٷ֮ʮ˿ԷҪԸ͸𹫻ʲô𣿡
ַЦɯ᳤ˣҲԽеˣֻ뽣ֻǵȫЩʦʣµһᶯ̻ᲢûʲôӰ죬Ҫ𹫻Ҫľǰɱеĸ֣ڽԼ룬ֻҪĸ͸ûˣĴҲ󶯸ɸ꣬ʱֻϢˣ
ɯ𣬹ǧ࣬ʥٶ࣬ɱЩˣҪǳĴֻۣҪóļ۸ҲǷǳѰ졣
ַһ㶣ô׾˵ˣ
ַЦЦɯһ㿪۰ɣþƷʯ
پƷʯ
ɽ
ɯͷ֮ͽԣֱӶԸͿˣһǵ˾ͻɱִʦɱˡ

ַߺ󲻾ãɯİ칫ֳһˡ
˺ɯ
᳤ַȻɱ񣬶һҪɱ𡯵ǧǰݰַ磬ҽһͳΪ𹫻ˣ𹫻ȫ¢϶ҵ
ǽĳϣȻһݣ𹫻ˣ
ÿһ֮У𹫻ˣЩ˰Щ֮УΪ𹫻¡
⼸𹫻һֱ̲ͷѾ𹫻˿ơԲһЩȻͬΪְҵ󷨺ѱԱȽţ𹫻ȫ֮£ֻ˰ʱ䣬Ϳͷ
𹫻һĿǽֻҪͽڣ𹫻ûлƽ濪ս𹫻϶𹫻ŶԸĸǸŶԸ𹫻ᣡ
𹫻ħô½ǧϴûжԸκȴ͸Щơ
ʮڣ𹫻ɳʮ͸һλ˳˽ĳϣţλĳϻ𹫻İ֧°жԸλϣڽƿһȨҪԸҪӳ飬һʱ򣬽˾ΣĳõʱĳϺ𹫻ỹûгأ·ɱһַ磬ַ翪ʼɱ˽Ф裬ֽϺҲأôַɱĻĳϾͻ˳Ͻ֮λ
𡯵ǧܸ֣Щ˿϶ҪȥȻĳ֮λ󣬽϶ᰲ𹫻ĸ֣
ҪȥǧǳѣǧֿսԻҩĹעҩԻỳ𹫻ͷϣ𹫻᲻ô
𹫻ҲΪ¾˼λ飬𹫻ûа취֮ʱַɯ˵ҪǮ𹫻ɱ
պã𹫻ַ磬ַųȥ
ɯģǿ˽ַԸҩǰַ֧磬׬ַǮָԼ£һãһ˫񣡡
ĳЦǰûַ罫ĸĴһԸַ磬ͷѾǿƣԸַҲҩʱȫַ֧磬ͳһ֮ڽַɱ
ɯһ㶣ģҾûбҪȥԸַ磬ַԶ֪ﻹΪڰ֪ҲûйϵǴҸȡôǺַ֮ûʲôͻ
ĳϵԺ飬ʱǻǿϲľ


335 ݱ¶
ڣɸ´ķзҲ¸һɵͷǧĵĵһΡ
Σַһǰַ粻ַڤħȻûģԣַ粻ˡ
㳡ɱΧˮйַͨǰ֮ʱӵȺԾΪַóһĴ
Ŀ£ַ绺ķȥ
ĶϺϱλѺţֽŴųصң˫Ŀ֮дԹĹâĶַ硣
ֵַôҲ䵽³
ִʦˡ
񵭵Ŀַ磬ޱ顣
ִʦ
ַһֱ΢Ц
ִʦҵż㿴ˣɵ£бǸ¶ǽĶϺΪһȻ֪죬ҽ˴ƾִʦã
̬ȷǳϿҡ
Ǻǡַ絭Цţ㿴Ŵúˡ
ЦǺá
һѳֽϺɱ
ִʦ⣿
ַ֪ǽʾãɶɽ֮չһģ֮ٶԸɡ
ַԲýļıóѣַһ˵ĻŵĲ´Ьģʲô˵ǽַߵ˳ַûа취ǵȫַܽȡַʱ䣬ַԿַкܶҪﲻǳ֮أַʼҪߵġ
ַ粻ٽʲôɣ뽫Ե˰׵ºͽһսɱΪʦ֮һ֮
ַҡͷһ㶼⣬񽫻ɵǧȫɱһɶһģ㲻Զ⣡
ǺǣִʦɵʧǽἫ⳥֮һһѧԺǣΣ
ַЦʲô⣬ΪҲ֪ôΪɱ˾ܻʮôΪǽôֵǮôǰΪ˿ɱ˵ģҲΪҽģҸ㣬ַѾǽݣ
ҽ˵棬ǽսģ֮ıԣӦòǰɣһн
һ鴤ɫòѾŵ̬ôַӣû뵽ַһ֡
˻Ŀ⣬ַֻܽս
ѾûתأҲٷϻãȻѡݣ֮ǾͲݣ
˵꣬ﳤȥ

ʱѵַɹһǰ㳡
ַһֱ𹫻ĵ̴粽롣
ȷɳǿ밵ɱַ磬ַ粻Ҳûа취
ַĺ磬ûеַһ֮ϱĿ
ʱٺ˺ƺƵĴԶ˹Ⱥ䡣
˺Ϯأ˶˺֮У׶ֻܿ°֮¡
ַյ۾ȻվĿɨųٺˡ
ִߣ
ַʶ̽⣬ִܼÿ˶Ƕ
ִַ߽Χַ·
Ϊ׵ִַϴκͼԣФ֤ˣִκӳ档
ַĿ⵭Ķκӣκӣʲô˼
κЦִʦ治֪Ǽٲ֪
Ǻǡȷʵ֪Υִߵִ򡣡
κӵԴִʦ̲֮˽ΧʮһҹѾƻǱݵĺƽݴûгֹ˵ȶ¼κ֮սƾԼıȥսöԼķʽȥȥĹսǲģ˭Υ˶
ŶַҾˣ̲еñԺͶԼķʽ̲ûΥǵĹ򣡶˵Ĺսûаɣһܺߣڱ𣻵ڶǵĴսڰнˣǹģҲҪģҸڵڵǷԴˣֻһͨĴʦѣѾһ֮οǴսҲûвμӣҲμӵĻ϶Ѿˣִƾʲôץң
κһ¸ҭסˣһŭִʦжΣڶĿ֮£鶼𣡽죬
ٸַ粻¶ʵ£϶ס
ַЦɱֱ˵Щһֱ𹫻ĵ̣û취ɱҰɣҸճͶԸңǲǽ񲻸ҺұԣҶɱң̫Цˣִߣִɱңҵӿ󣡡
κӵַ磬ԣˣֻˣݲŻ̫ƽ
ϣ
κһ£һٶȷ˹ַȥκţַΧɱ£ǿҲữΪɻң
ַվûȺ֮ǧӰ׷һֱַߣһִɱ˹ȥ
ֳңޱǿ˺ſռÿһλãȺ׷ɢս̫ûüսನ֮·׷˺Ƭ
嵽սһǧˣÿ˵沿һڵ˶ϳùסòӵˣΪҲʥ֮ϣ
ִ߿һǧˣ׷ɫ䡣Щʥǿһһ͹ִɱȥ
ݣû˸ҶԿִߵģִǿߣԿִߣ͵ڶ
ǰû˸ң˶ˣ˹ȻԿִߣȻйڶΪЩʥַˣ
Ҷ²ַ绹еƣ˭Ҳû뵽ַĵƻôǿ
Щʥ϶𹫻ˣִַߵ֮á
ַ粢֪𹫻ıĻл룬𹫻̫˼ˣΪ˱Լִ߶⡣
ȻʥܶʥʥٶȺͷԱģ𹫻ʥÿյĸ߽ʯ϶ЩԱȵġ
ʥתȫһĶһԴԴϣͲˣȫһʹòþͻῪʼߣ
κӴУַ磬㾹Ȼҷִߣ
ַԴżôҪҵѵҲôɱ
һǧʥΧɱ𣬺ӵʱ䣬ִ߱ɱĸɸɾ𹫻ʥߣֻм˶ѡ
Щʥɱ˺վַ󣬺Ըˣַˣ
ڴ˶ڲ룬ַĺ̨ĸôôʥʥһ𣬲Ŀ
Щ֮ǰΪַ޷⽣ˣڶΪַпȥȡĿܣ
Щִǽģڱ֮ǰɱַ磬ʱԼٳ
ûЩαԣַڻФ֮ʱڳʣԼڶʦľ磬ӵи߽¯ͻ涼ַʮӾͶһѼƷ
ԽûдȥμӱڱĿʼִߵȥƽ¡
ִȫϢ˽Ķû뵽ַҹȻԿִߣû뵽ǣַһǧʥ
ַֻ֪һ𶥼ǿߣϣַߣһҲɱ֮һ˿ôһǧʥ
ʥһǧ
֮ǰΪַжǿʼ޷ͽ⣡ڿַ粻ʵұȽʵǿ
ˣַѾ¶ʵκַ׶༪٣ַܾսֻᶪЩӶѡַ磬ǿԸ
˵ĳϡ
ģ֮ǰҵȷûаַˣַҲɱңɱңҸԾܾܾʲô¶ûУΪַ籾һСɫҵݸ̫࣡
ģڣַһǧʥȫʵǽ⣡ԣζԣҶ㲻ˡҲȥֱַɱҳ֣
ַ粻ֻӦԼ񲻲ַԻǧʥɱ
ˣҩ䶫
Ʋһ۴Ѷߣ䶫˭ҩݣ
شˡҩһλʦ

μˡ
䶫֮󣬷ǳ
ɣ֪ʦǰкιɣ
һ֮£ǲһݵ΢ĴʦģĽҪͷҩʦ϶Ҫ£Խ䶫
ˣһǳҪ»㱨ҿԿ϶ַѪħַͬѪħһַ磡
һ𣬡ʦµ棿
䶫ǧȷѾ㱨ҩˣ⼸ǵ飬Ѿʵ֮ǰǰȥһǣǡҽҩᡯǵҽʦǰμӣַڱʼʱַóʮšԪȫֱӽܾʱμܾλҩʦҵİͽǡַȫʤ
˴ַڽܱһδսʦҰͽǰй۲죬ȻַıòΪֹ·ûжı䣡ҪǣۺĲǿʵϵּһټҩĵȡ֤Ѿаٷ֮ʮİ϶ַǺѪħһǸַ磡
䶫Ļѩ̿
һԵĳɫЩÿаУˣ
ʦ֪ҩҩʲôָʾ
䶫ַڱݣôѪħҲһڱݣ˵˼ý˰ϢųȥеϢǽģҩûйϵȻ󹫿ټɱַ磡Ȼ˵ˣҩҪַһԪʣµģĴˣҩ˵˼
ҩ˼ǽַгͻе¶ǽ죡棬ҩõĴͷһʲôԽ£ǵʲôǲֻܽȥĴʲô֪ѪħǸæġ
Щκδ֮϶ҪԼ·
ã
ûּۻ۵أֻܴӦ

Уĳгһ΢͵ԣɯ᳤ȥһЩϢȫ㱨ɯ
ɯͲ²ַѪħһǸַ磬ǵõϢһ
ַݱ¶ƻһмƻ
϶Ըַ磬ַѷɣ𹫻ҲסһС𹫻ڰЭַ´ȥô𹫻ѪħַͬͺΪУ
һȥͲַۺĲҲֻ𹫻ôǮô˶Ϊַ𹫻ˣ𹫻̲ıͻ¶
𹫻ܽѾҲҪһ˳ڹôˣɾǱ𹫻᳤ɯ
ɯ룬ַ緢Ϣ
ַ΢͵һɫҲʱһ䡣
ַ磬ѪħͬѾ¶һԸ㣡ҪǣҩѾڼظǰݣѪħѷɣַ磬룬𹫻ĵ̴еˣʧ
ַѸٻϢ˭¶ҵݣ
ɯҩʦ䶫ͺǡ룡Ѫħȫ½ĹУ𹫻Ҳұ㣡
䶫ǣ
ַǵ£û뵽ԼĴʦȻỵСϡ
ַ統Ȼף𹫻ٱԼĻԻ𹫻鷳
룬ַ𹫻ɯ档
ַ磬ߣɯ֪ô
ַ罫ټһ𣬶ɯɯ᳤ҺĪƺߣʣµˣ鷳᳤չˡ
ɯַ磬˿Ҳ𹫻鷳ʱҲ޷Ҫף
׷ˣ
ʣµʮţ֪ԼϴѪħ֮вûκε⣬Ҷ˷ܼѡ
Ѫħħ٣վھ綥ǵĳҲʹ½ϴƣܸѪħ£ųܱ꣬ĬĬŵãЩ˿϶أ
ַǿ֪޵ǿ߶Եĵ˸޷ֿģңֻ·һǸߣֻһǣ
ǲ
ǣǸͲǰֻǸĬĬŵСɫЩʦǺǿǵʲôǣִ˸ǻᣬǳΪǿߣǽЩ߸ϵڽ£ԣ׷ˣ
ִ˸һУ׷棡
˶ĹڵϣҪַ硣
ַۿЩʪ󣬡ãȻѾ͸߰ɡ


336 
ַ翴ŷԣԣչ˺𹫻ᣬʦĳ𣬵һһᱨ
ڵַ֪ĪƵݺ󣬴Եڻûת
磬ǸַôĸŶԣѪħô
ַڷͷһ£ԣúչԼȴһ죡
磬ҲҪߣҲƽˣ
ҲַѪħҵģ綼֪ˣ
ԣƽʲôãƽҲӵһУӵҸǵʦ֮ǰôʦи㣬ǾǺһѡҲֻܴҸΪֱԿչһӣңȫ½˶׷ɱңʱҺĪҲѱûа취ȥչǣ
硭
Ի˵ʲôϡ
硭
ǰҺͷԲߵģһȷʦֻүү𣡡
˵ţ߹ȥŷԵ֡
һ㶣ȻɵɵЦţðɣʦܣҲˣһúչġ
˵ҪԼߣһ仰Ǽɫѡ
һֱϲַ磬ַ֪ΪʲôϲԼˣԼַ̫ԶˣԼ䲻ַ磬ԲԼʵˡ
ַ罫һӵİƷʯ˷ԣԿʯüЦ
ַ֮ó˼žƷʯɯУɯ᳤˶ʮСʱԺˡ
ãɽ
𹫻˶ԣֻ棬ûи飡
ϰɯ϶Ӧֻˣ㰲ͷͿԽ˵ĿַѪħˣôϡ
ɯٴʦø𹫻Σ
ַٴʦôţı·ûʲô⣬ǽϾɱأ
ɯ˳ַڴӦ
ЩʦҲԣϾ𹫻Ĳţⷽ˵𹫻ᣬҪȽã
ַĪƸˣ̤ǵġ
ַ磬ҩıѾõļƻҩԲͽԵģѪħݲ¶ҩҲһڣһɱġ룬ӮˣͻΪħô½һĴȫĿ֮£һôһ˶ȥһ˵˶һܿͻὨԼʱ϶Ϊҩĵˣҩǲġ
Сٻûҩ֪Ѫħݣȴһֱ˵ȵͽ֮ʱ˵ǽŽ˵ģǼ٣ͽ֮Ķ˭ʤ˭ŭ𶼻ֻǽæĶѡ
ڣַ֪ҩĹ
ַ룬𹫻ô֪Ϣأ
𹫻Щ֮аżÿ֮жΪ𹫻µˣҵ⣬𹫻ʹѾã޴ֶѣû´Ļ𹫻ҲԸԽֳַȥ񣬶𹫻˿ֽܻһ𹫻ͻ֪Ŀƽˡ˸֪ѡ
Сٻûַ𹫻æʱɯֻ΢һ¾ʹӦˣԣ𹫻Ѿ𽥵Ŀ˽ֻʣ½͡ϰˣڸպÿԽֳַȥ
ֵĴϣϺ϶ˣֻĳϺúõĻţҲµûĻĳϾ𹫻ˣ
СٻѾµİ˾Ųʮַһһ㶵ġ
ַ˼˵ֱˣ
ûǱ𹫻ˣ𹫻֮ĲãֻǺɣ𹫻ĵˣ𹫻ǵĺôûʲôͻ𹫻Ҳûе⣬Ը㣬ҪȻȫԲƴ𹫻ȴ֪ͨ㣬ߣ𹫻ĿǰΪֹѡ
ַ粻ЩˣЩ鲻ַóġ
ַһᱨ
СٻĿǰҪľ·ߣȻҩڼǰѾ㣬ټȫ½ĸɱ㣬ʵܶΪϵԪοԵĵ˷ǳ࣬ҷǳǿ󣡡

ճ𹫻̲ãַͰǧסΪ׵ǽ
Цַ磬ʲôǵıԻûпʼأصķ棬Ҫȥأ㲻ʶ·ҿԴȥ˺úõıһ
㲻Ҫװģ죬һնɱٴˣ
ȻѾ¶ַͿʹԼ
ǳѵַѾ֪Լݱ¶ôܣѵڲмϸ
ʱַ磬ҸɣɱȽһ㡣Ԯˣʱǲѷɣ
ţɡ
긽壡
ַϵϢͽȻǣֱӴΪʥ硣
ַ״̬ʶѾ״̬鸽ֱ֮ӿʹַʹýԼ
ַʶȫԳܽе
һ⣬ҪҪħֵЩȫɱˣֻ룬Ȼңһħһ¶ǾͲ½׷ɱôˡ
ȫ½Ȼ׷ɱѪħһĿģΪħ
Ѫħħ٣
ֻѪħһħή٣׷ɱѪħֻ½ˣħݱ¶»ᾪħ½;磡
ľˮ
򣡡
ַ󾪣飬ڸʲô˵ܱ¶ڱǰô
麹գ˼һʱǳûס
ȥַ
û£ʶΧڳЩûбˣʲôɱЩ˾ͺá
Сٻַ磬ںѪħһ𣬶һֱλѪħʲôˣ֮£Ѫħֻһ˵Ǿħԣ˺ܿỳݣ֮û˻ỳħˡǸϼһҲûϵϵֻɳĴɱġ
ַϵ򣬽󾪣ʲô򣡡
ѵ۵Ĵˡ
ֱ˸ϣʹˣֻһˣǾϵ۴ˣ
˵֮Уϵ۵Ķžѧֻϵۺϵ۵Ĵ˻ᣡ
Ц֪˭ô˲ȥˣ
˵ţڤħ𣬵Ȼǽޱȵʹ֮
Ĺ⻷֮£ʹַ֮·һ㣬ȫԡ֮С
ϵ½û뵽Щ֪ô֮ˣ
ÿֶصĻĵףȻ¹Ĥݵĳ嶯
˶룬ϵ۵ĴôѪħһأ
˵֮꣬ȻĲ֮
󾪣ʥٶȻԵĶ˹ȥǽߵ𶼵һƬ
µߵǸҪҵɱ
ļӳ֮£ʮսٶȡתĶ壡
ͽ˲սһ𣬶Īƴʮλɱ˵зǧ
Ȼʥ壬ꡯûԼ㲻ʥʮоɱ㣡
꣬ǿľˮһѭÿĴСһȫƽ⣡ͻγһ꣬յĸ߽ʯԽ࣬ƷҲԽߣҲԽ
һ޷ֻ꣬ڱĸ߶ȣԵֻϡ꣬һָһ·ȥߣǿ츳ۺĲȱһɣ
Щݼǰַ˵ַȫһ·ַоǹ״ֻ̬Ҫַͻ𣬾ͿȫʯȥԼͽͺá
һΪһתתһתת֮䣬ǳ󣬶֮ͬ䣬ʯҲսǿ
һתֻһƷʯתֻתʯԴƣתΪ綥ĴڣתûоƷʯƷʯӶ࣬ƷʯҲֻƷʯַ֮⣬ǧ绹ûгֹ
꣬ΪҪ𶥷壬ҪƷʯϵʯҪİƷʯ
ΪһżҲȥŰƷʯҲΪʲôÿҶһеľΣԭ
ͻƾż֮󣬾ҪʥȥʱͿα򡯣Ȼоȣǡα򡯱ȴ˵е
ЦȻܿĳ꣬Ǳʶʶ
Ʋͣ꣬ҲΪԺôǰʩչʶʶкһ
кһ
һԲǧ׵İԲ˽Ľ¡


ͽжšȥȴǽ
֮䣬ħ֮˼޴İԣ̫ͼ̺֮޾֣һ֮֮쳣ǿĶһ֮¾Իɻ
ǣһ֮£ɶ˻һ㡣
ǿ󹥻ȫ򻯽⣬ȥ
ܣΧ˷ġ㡯Χ
Ǭħ䣡
ǬħһըӦըᳶſռ䱻˺ѣ޾ʱշ籩ӿռѷ˳һ½Χһٶλ˽ȥ
Ҫһ㣬ȥ򵥣ʵʷǳѣַ
ǣסͬʱǿһڴ˵ͬʱҪ׼·ߣҪͬʱͷţȫѹƽʥͷţûʥ֮ǰֱɱ
һʹңɱ˹ȥ
ļӳ֮£ɱЩɱ֮һм¡
ַʮļӳ֮£ɱȺӵʱ䣬зһɶֻ
ַ½ȥ֮ٴθ·
ַĿǰٶȣʮſ߳ݡ
ַ·ɽɽᴩޣ½ħô½ٷ֮ʮĵɽɽǲõص㡣
ʶʱ޿̵ɢڷԲ֮⣬ֻҪе˳ַ֣˶ߣ죬ƽ¡
ǰţǱؾ֮أųǧףȫͱڣϿȫ޾ɷκ޶޷С𡣡
ַʶ
ֲһ·ĵֻ鷢˹ȥԭǿ߶Ÿ
ĪƵƣƣƶƮ磬ǰţҹƵûĻǿ߶ǡ
ַûһˣ½ǿ߶
һ
һĶ
ĪƵ磬ô죿
ַЦȻа취
۾һȴַĻش
ַóһѵҩԱߵҷȥһһš
ĪƿҩַҪʲôˡ
ַ˵ǻε֮ùȥıҪκģȻһǵģһȫɽ£
һٶǬħʱѷ죬ʧһ㣬ַҪԼ±ǵģ
ں£Ȼֻʮ꣬Ƿķǳ磬ڸѾһȫԻûһͷСӡ
ڽ·ַǧڣı伸·ֻ׾֮¡
ȻΪ˱ڼ䣬ַ˶ʮˡʮˣʮˣʮҲǱȽ
˵Ǹһֻ첲һȣлݵĵȵȣ鿴ȥƲأȥǸպǿ߽һ㡣
һʱ֮һж㶨ַ´ҡڵŵλȥ


337 
硭
ַԱĺš
ôˣá
µʲôʱܱɺͷһô
Щ¿Ѫȵĳ棬Ǻ¶ЩϰΪһһĮ
ַ粻֪ǰʲô
ַİɣãֻҪκ壬Իȷ
Щүүˡ
үүҵ򶾹ȵĻ϶Ҳǣô׷ɱǣϢܿͻϯ½үүҲǵģò˶ãܼүүˡ
š
һǳɵŮǷǳ죬ԳһˡЩӣûиַκ鷳ַ֪æΪ˺ܶ·Ѿ񡣶ַÿλַϼݺòˣַ紷󱳣ǳƽ⡣
ַһֱǺͺ¹һңö֮˵ĸһ㡣
ҸоүүϢˡ
κ˵ΪַѾǿߵ֮ڡ
ãʱ򿴵үүǧϣүүһۣҪ¶κô
İɣ磬ҾԲᱩ¶ݵģҲᣡ
µǳ
ɵã粻µģ
ַĳŵµϹǳǳЦݡ
ºЦ˵ַֻĪǰЦ˶һʽĮ
ַ˳֮ʱǿߵʶȫ˹¾Ȼܴ˵Ϣ֮зֱк׵Ϣַ಻ѡ
ַߵǰ棬ŲӿǰС
ַĿĴǰ漸ǿߵɨ
мҩҩҩ߷ֱ񣻷
Ĵ󣬶һɫʥǿߣ
ַܿ쿴˼ˣߵĵһֵַܡǰվߡĸһǧʥ
ѵĸĵô
ȻַֻĿ⵭ĴӺɨûͣ
ţʥŵˡǰվĶǼ׺ͷֱ棬϶ͳϼ
ǿĳɣַһֱŶѣĿеһȫһɫʥǧң
֮ˣ׻棬ȸ棬档𣬼ǧࡣ
ôûˣַЩ⣬ַ統ɱ棬ǲô
Ȼַ粻֪Լɱǵĳ棬Ǹң֮λܶѱ˭
СĴ½ֻĴǣȻǿݵҲȥǣ
ĴޱֻҪݵַҪĴǣ޾ͻḴеһɶ
Ȼʵģһǧǰȷֹԣǧһֱǳƽû롣
Щ˲ѷֱ棬ϵ·ͿԷֱ
ħô½֮еǿ߶ˡ
ŵһͷʮ֣Щ֣϶ЩСˣЩǰ棬ֻһ߹
ַŭߵĴĵطһӣĿҩ΢ŭҩҴǰַսǲæʲôأԴУ
֮ĳƺֱӽжԷơ
˿ƲأԲǰ͸ֻս¡
ҩ񲻶ɫĵ԰꣬·Ѫħַıؾ֮·ôǿߣҪַֻ֣Ҫһ֣ƾжҲֻ·һ
ַغ䣬ҩ񣬼Ȼ˶Ϊβ֪ͨҽѵҩȥô
ҩˣǵȥ㣬ûټˣϢǽĳϣѵĳûиô
Сٻ֮ǰķĳ𹫻ˣ֮ǰַ绹ţΣҩôһ˵ַףĳǹⲻϢ߽񣬸пܼٴҩϢýɱַ磡
ַףĳַɱ
ַҧгݣһĳϣȻٴϢ
ҩӹһתȻѾˣĳϸĹ
ַһҩ˶ôҡڵôַ磬ôǰô
ʱַ֪֮ìͲݣ㲻һͷɣ
ַЦҲܲôǽϱַ约ǧַɱܲôǣǻ𲻻𣡣
ҩѾڽΧѰַ磬ò죬ַͻᱻƵǰлַѷɣ
ַһ룬һ·ÿʱͻ˵飬ַ綼ǿʶŹȥԭЩ˶ҩŵˡ
ַ֮ǰַһսҽǧʣ⼸ʮܵĿ죬ȫûַ֪żʥڽ㳡֮ʱַǧʥɱִߣ㰲ַɢѰַ磬ôһɢַʥͻƣǰǿ߶ۼַ˻ܲô
ҩüϸ룬ַǸʥô϶ĳں֧֣ǸӦܲµеĶΧɱѪħַ磬ֳЩ⣬ħô½ĸǧʥ
ַһ룬ðĸ֡𹫻ᡣ
Ҷµĳֻû˵ѡΪû˸𹫻ս
ַһͬʱ˼Ըͱ쾡¡
ַҧгݣַ罫ǽһңһҪɱַ磡ĳͷۡ
ҩ񵭵ĵôʧʲôɣضַݱ¶ĳֲסַˣɱַס
ҩʱͻȻоЩʲôԣ϶һֿп޵ҩϢϢʲôҩϢҩֱַ治
Ԫ֣ô˳Ҷϲˡ
ʱһλַǸݵǰģǳĵѯʡ
û£ϵ˲£ֻصˡӦ䡣
㵽ʲôˣôˡ
û£һֹͱˡʼ飬ȫǺˮ
ŶڵĶôˣϴȥҩĵҩû
æûʱȥʼŲȥˣд߰ɣˡ
ǰɣˣûôѹƶصģ
ѾʵĲ֪ôˣһش𲻺ã¶ţ˶
𡭡
ȿȡ
ͻȻλѪȥ
Ԫ֣Ԫ֡
ַʶ̽⣬λԶɱΪ˲¶ţˣѡɱ
ˣòǱúò񽳼εһĻε֮òḴԭ
ҩĿ֮һ˿âλǰ󣬶ߵ𣬡شңλ֮ǰйʲô
һħ޺޵Ķѹʮˣһֱ޷ÿڶȥҩҩġ
ҩ񵭵ĵҷżˣȷǾûажĺۼ
ʣ⵽ô£
ַд󾪣ϲɫҩŭҩôһСС£˾ˣжʲôϵ
ҩһ¸ҭסˣĲʽ񣬵ҩǾ˲ԣһֱӣΪҩʦֱ
ҩȥ𣬵Щǽ£ԼûȨȥʻȥʲô
ҩĿÿλɨ䵽˺µϡ
Ŀ侲ֱҩ
ַǧ񹦽˵ϢûϢϢάʱֻҪҩ񲻶֣϶ֱ治ֻһͨˡ
ַ绹һѺ
ַʱԺŭҶҩ񣡡
ž
ַݺݵĴһƣһƾõ
Ҫںµ֮ʱַɽɣҪȻһȥ£
±򵹣˵ϡ
վҩҩˣ񣡡
ַһԼַĺʹʹֻš
ҩһֱź£ַҩӺϷʲôǿɾ鷳ˣԹʴһУ
ȻҲͬҩһ㡣ҩͺ½ӣַͻȻһƣҩˬô
˵仰񡯣ҩַ˵һ
˿ߵΪΪ˱ҩ񷽲ʽǾ仰ŹԼ¡
ҶΪڻͷϣҩ治ǽ
ҩһȫû뵽ôСȻôඥǿǰΪһЩ޹ؽҪҩĻҩ»ᷢĻɡ
ҩ뿪˺£Ͽȥ˰ҲʲôǾòԣ
񽳣ƵĶεһҩʦܿģ
ַҩһĿҵʲô¶ˣҲҼΣ
ҩ˼˹ַƣͬʱЩʹ˸ɫЩ˼ЩƵα״
Щ֮󣬶׷ױʾû״
ҩַˣϴκҽ֮ʱ´ľô
ַŭҩôˣܸоֵֹģû㣡
ַ仰һ˶оҩֵֹģһĪʽʲôСȻô˿óҩǻɽЩˡ
ȻΪҩ俴Ƽ򵥵Ļȴûشһ̽΢ش𲻺ãͻ¶š
ҩ˼֪鲻ãʱȷ̸ѧд¡ЩҪ£ַѪħ֮ǰ֪ҪΧɱϢϢǵ˰и˵ģǵ˸ո㱨ãϢ©ˣô£
ַŭҩ˵ǽмϸôΪʲô˵©Ϣ
ҩЦǰ֪Ϣˣǽһ֪ġʱǻȷַݣַĲǲܿģǽַ̽ĵϸȷַ֮һǽϢû©ϢϢ϶ǽ©ģ
ַ֪ҩŲ˭©ϢҲûмϸʲôϵַ̽磡
ַ粻֪£ַ϶֪ʱĳϽ¸ɯɯ¶ַ硣
ַ˼ʱҩʦǰ㱨ϢԽӼʱڳĳϣС
ַû˵ȥǵҩǽڲ£һᴦõģлҩѡ
ҩһİ
ҩȷ䶫ȥ㱨Ϣʱȷǽͽĳϻλڳ
ҩҲַ硣
ַгһ
չأʲô»ǵӴļǳ٣ʱ棬ҲֻǴкѣġ
֮˹ϵǾ͵жԹϵλ֮ϳ꾺ھͬʱҪסڱĵλ֮Ͼͬʱֺ֮֮ܶĹϵǷǳӡ
ַһƧĵطʵǺͽСٻιȥ
ЩϴǺεȾҩֻᵽַеҩϢͶַ˻ɣҸɹŵĻЩϴ󶼻ỳɣ
һҪһҪһǳʵɣ
ַͽСٻ˺þöûн
£Ҫһγɹõκλɣһ㻳ɣٲ


338 ͵ת
磬ڱǱߣǼһֱΪҩʦŲգȵʲôʱ򣡡
Աߵһ˵磬ǱߵļͷĿ˵ˣЩС˹ţǹȥⲻô˼ҴΧɱѪħַ磬ǹͺˡħô½ĸܼЩѾܲˣڵŰʦ
Լյģ磬ܣλֵܣЩ˲ЩСȥӰǵжѡ룬Ǳߵ˶ħô½ĶͶ˵ȥʦֲӰ쵽ǵжѵǻɱҲɣʲôݣֻһССɵļӣǱߵʲôˣһħô½ܽȥɱôɱǣôֻЦͲмԣҾǵǰȫģ
ʮ˶϶Ļͷ
ϴ϶Ƕˣھ͹ȥɣץסλᣬ˵ԺǾͿԷɻڴץסǾԶǸСӣŻʲô˼
ߣֵǣ
ʱַ翴ŶЩСʮ˶ߵǧҩΧ֮ڡ
ַʶɢȥЩ˶ݼҩģҩѧϰҩ
ҩȻʮ֮пһˣ£ϲ񣬶ֻޱʧȥ
һ˳ɹˣǱС˿ʼɧץסǰɶõĻᣬ׷߹ţеЩ֮еʦģֱ˵ɣеҸְҵʦġ
ַ۾һһ⡣
ˣҪ㣡
ʱַһ㱨
ַȻڱĿ񣬵ʶһֱ׷Բ
ַ˫Ŀǹ
˼ַ磬Щϻ̳Ͽ֡
ݼˣ
ݡ
ɣұк¡
뽣ѧϰ졣
̫߰ɡ
ʧȥһʮˣַԵѡ˷ܲѣȫ֪һǾͱˡ
ֹ˼ӣǱߵļȫܾЩ˵Ҳˣ˼ȥӴЩˣȻӴ
ЩС֮ҲһЩûţÿڶעص˲ţЩҲû˲ţ϶Ǻ¡
ЩСҲͶɣǹȥԼµ˼Щ½ĴôԼҲԺЩһЩϵԺ·ͺ߶ˡ
飬˲أҸɹȥˣΪ֣ɻô
ôһȥĻͻᱻ˶ϣķһܵĻԿУڤħٶȣ׷ϵģˣǺǡ
Сٻɽͺˣٿһᡭ
һʱɫһҹ䣬֮ɱˣ׷װӪկ
ȻЩַûдҩΪЩһСַҩҪʮ
Ȼ˵ﵽΪˣһ²Զ۶û£ˣһ˶Ǹ߸ϵˣǸ޵İЩ˷¶ޣΪˣҩ飿
ԣǱģ
Ҷܿ񣬸ԼӪÿ֮ľ붼ǧ֮Զ
֮䣬ЩذѷֻʶɢԼĵ̻ſڴҹ䣬һʶɢĵ̣Ƕƣ֮ͲϣΪѪħ²֣ûΧɱѪħʱǳ¶
ַ˷׷׽
֮ûκˣΪʶԽĶ̽⵽
Ȼ׷׽񣬵Ŷ滹߹ˡ
ˣѧϰ죬˳ȫ
ݶ칫ֻˣϣ뽣ѧϰ˸ᣡ
ַ絭ЦţǶɣҶˡ
һ󼤶һ̣оã;ȡ
ֱַӽ˿ƣȻй£һһŻεǱ˵ģַǧģ˵Ϣ
ߣַһ˵ļ䣬Щ֮һЩ򵥵𣬾˵ڰ֮еĵλϵȵȣȥ֮һҪӦĹ
ַֻһӲʱ͸㶨һСܽЩƵת
Ȼλװͷɥҡڵš
ߵſ֮ʶ̽ʲô쳣ûС
һѾȥˣַ糤һ
СʱڣַʼʩԼ֮е˶ת˳ȥ
ַ֮£ҪҪ˶תˣٹһˣ״ô죿
ʱһˣ˸ˡ
ַ֮߳񣬴˿̲ӴκˣҪϢˣ
ַʱûжˣǺ죬ַҪȰСʱ֮ûʲôߣ
ڣַֻ졣
ϲ񣬽Ľ˾ȻôʶԼҺԼôã
ʮӹַʶ̽⵽ҩҩ߸
񣬳ҹѾԻ

ҩ֮ʶɢȥ֮̽£֮ڵϢַ£Ȼⶼַǧ񹦵
ҩȥһµĻԻῴ˶һֻɢŲͬϢѡ
ҩ񲻿ȥƿ飡
ҩ֮󣬿ַһСһҩҲоѣҲǳҲûʲô
ַҩҩ㵽ڸʲôҺȾƣ
ҩ񵭵ЦȻпˣǴˣߡ
ҩߺַİ
ҩҲİ
Ӱʱҩ񿴵ַһ˵ʱŵһɵҩζ͸о⣬ҩԼûзʲô⣻ַԻ̽Ҳûзʲô⣻ɳȥܵս죬Ҳûзʲô⣻̽Ҳûзʲô⡣
ҩİ
ڣַĵ𾢣ý˾͸һǳͰ׵ĳһûһӣ룬ԼԺ·һһƬܳΪ˵״ӣ˵ԼԺǽ
ڻţΣһ̣걯ˡ
꾪ֵĿ֮£оԼ˵еסһ֮ǰĽ˱һԼ
ַЩ䣬˸߲ңҡڵȥ
ַ֮кϵֳ֮˼ʧһƬȺɽ֮С
ʮ˵Ⱥ֮Уммټ˭⣿ҲûЩ˸ȥˡΪܶ˶ȥɽɢĻ߸ɱɶģ˭ܣ

ڶһ磬ɳȥѰĿһ̽ӷ׷׻ûҵַκ˿
ͷĿ֮󣬾̽
ҩĿƳ˽ڵķ򣬽Ǳߵûκ춯
ôĶϢһ˯ĻŻš
ķΧûһ˳ҩʶ̽ȥһ̽⣬ϢûһϢ
ҩаУˣ
һ䣬ҩѾ˽Աߣƿ񣬷˼С˺˵ıڵһ
ҩȣַˣ
ҩŭ֮£ͷĿ׷ǰǰ״׷ʲô
ҩŭһ͵͵ת
ҩַҩζϢǻεϢһĻεϢҩȻֱĳ񽳱ĻεҩҲһʱֱ治
ҩ˵ַ˳˻εòǱС˴ҡڵ˳ȥ
ҩû콣˸յ֮ʱҾͶǲ˻ɣͨҲ㿼飬Ҳû¶ʲôţҲ˹ȥ
һϵҩʦڵĶţ˵ַѪħѷɣ˼ҴǵƤˣЩ㰲ŵģˣҩҾ£Ҫһ
ҩЦƾʲôǽѪħŵˣסѪħȴĪҴãѪħˣҪȫ˽ɣ
ʥһϵҩҩڼǰ͵õַѪħϢȴһֱزȴ©ϢַѪħ֪ҪԸַѪħѾӳ˱ݣѵҩûһô
ҩЦλôҪǣǱݵĵ̣ҩ˵㣡ֻһڳ϶ѣûʸ˵
ųϵҩ㲻Ҫ֮ǰǲѾôҩ˵ģŶסѪħַ磬ַϵԪҪɣϾϢṩģҲӦ㣬ǣַѪħˣ֮·ζšʥźĸټˣ㣬ǱѾûʲôϵ˰ɣ
ҩŭҪӲôǲҪˣҩĶ½һзֻʥκܿģ
ʥųϵҩˣǲûйӲţȻҲҩΪСǰЭ֮ϣ˵߶סַѪħɵԪǱߵЭϲûἰڿЭ顣
ҩЭ֮ףԼǵ
Эдţ˴ŶסַѪħɱַ֮Ԫɹ鱱УѪħŴáַϵƽ䡣
ҩоԼˣڱݷΧڣţ
ųϵҩ˵ûɣ·ΣѾź˰ǿߣ˴εΧɱжšʥźĸ㹻ˡ
ųϵ˼ףѹһҩһ㡣
ʱҩҲ޻˵룬šʥźĸеǿ˿϶Ķ֡Ĵ˱ɱݾˣ
ҩ˳ʥкܴܻô
ҩҧгݣ֪ˣҩһ½зֻǿȫ
ҩЦţʥţãܺãǱݲˣԪȻʥҩȻ̣ϷֲƲַǲħϢϷһ㶼ҪַȪˮж٣Ӳϡλ㣡źʥŵ⣬ǱҲˣǣ
ҩ˵꣬˶׷ȥ
֮ǰͷĿѾãɱַ֮ԪƷķǱṩϢôݵĸִͷֻһٲ֡
ûжסַ磬ַˣȻôǿ׷ȥ϶׷ַ硣
˼ǱṩϢѾûˣμƻʧܣñݵ˷ͷ飬û뵽ǣǵѹ֮£ݾȻܴˡ
ܴµȻãҩߵʱ˵ҪϾźʥе⣡Ҳ˵½ֻƷҲźʥųۣ
źʥû뵽ҩôȻЩڣĳ˵ҲЩˣֻ֣ܰлٺùϵ
ĴԼߺ󣬼һᣬַѪħ֮жƽ䡣
ʱλһ
׻ȸҲλǿ߸
źʥְһᣬҲ׷뿪
һϣַ˿ǰУַٶȣҲҪʮ뿪ݡ
ַʮٶȣַˡ
Щַ磬ַôܺƲǡ
ȥַ˳类׷ϣ
ַʾͣ
ַʮ߸ֵλֵܣǵǿ׷ɱǣõİ취ǻΪ㣬ǿԸṩĻεǸıòΪЩСˣǿԻǵĶ֮Уǲӹ˽٣·ߣ뿪ݹڣֻҪȥͺá¹֮ٴλرݵңһ죬һȥǣַ緢ģԲλֵܣ
ʮҲ֪ǵٶӰַѪħг̣ȥԻַѪħ
ʮ׷׵ͷַÿʮŻεһ֮󣬷׷˷ɢ


339 ѷ
ַ֮翪ڤħץַͺµͿշԶȥ
·ֻ߳ڣطɷڡ
˵֮Уǰһӡ֮أϹ󡮾ɷ󡯷ӡӡȫǧǧ
ǧǰħ룬ħսϯռ䣬·ƿ˾ɷ󣬿ƾɷڵԿħ
ɷȻƿҲ޷ɷ֮ɷֻǽӡ˷ʮ˸ͨҲڱʮ˸ڡ
ɷ֮еɷԴݵϿգݱԵʮ˸֮⣬طɷǡ
ַܵķǱݵϷֻڡ
һǹٵַֻʱ͵ڣǳ֮ʥǿߣЩǿﵽʮϣʥһϣ
Щǿ߶ʥźĸˡ
ַ翴ôʥ𾪲ѣڲ֪½жǿ
֮ǰַΪ˶Ըħһħô½ĸߣĳ֮Уߺ֮⣬ĸǿھ磬ĸΪħô½һɱַ֯ΪĸҲûмôҲǺܶࡣȻַ֪ĸΧû뵽ĸôǿĸһʥ
֮ǣǵͼٸʥôַҲΪϵǿ߲ࡣַʱ֪ĴֻǱǶ½֮һʵͲ綥ĴǵƫԶɽӶ࣬Ҵ඼ɽΪǧǰĴ޺ħսȸһŭ֮½ɽճɽݲҽͨ㣬ˣǿ﷢չĴǻԸ㣬ϵԸֲࡣĴǧǰڴˣΪ˵ĴĴ޵ػԲűΪ½֮һ
Դݣַ֪мǧʥһˣַʶ˴½ǿ
𹫻һðǧʥݵ𹫻ֻ𹫻ķֻᣡһֻǧʥ϶ȫַ粻𹫻жǿ
ǰſ˿ʱַһ¿ǧʥַٴ𾪡
˿ַ̣翴ʮһʥַЩεĸо
;ۼôˣλ˶Ըôַ亹ֱ
ЩıѾõļƻ
ôѵΪɱѪħԪô
Բܣֻһԭ򣬿϶Ѿַħ
ַ½£϶Ѿռ䣬Ȼͬͬյ˷ǳ֮࣬ͬͬеǿǾͺˣһ룬ͻַ֪½Ǹַ磡
½Ǹַ磬о½Ŵҩ֮һȪˮ
ħȪˮϢ߾һԻö½
ҲֻϢŻö½ʦڣ
֮ǰźʥҪż⣬ôǿڣȻҪˣ
Ȼ˵Ƕ½һֻķֻ鼰½ÿ䣬ۺȽǿѣǿҲֻǸְҵɣʵǶ½һȽϷɢ
źʥڶ͵ȽϼСźʥһҽż⣡
ҩڵȫصҲǼ֮ˣʱźʥŵˣѵΪºšʥſսôܣ
ҩ˳һΪźʥŸѹڶȪˮⶫǿΪһҩʦҩ񿴹ܶ伮ʥҩҩ켶ĵرǵòģҪǽԵ˻ԵȻõûлᣬôŬòԣҩ˳Ҫǵڶԭ
Ѿ˷סַڤħҲ岻ȥͨϿհɷ޷߿շУ
ַ˿룬϶ڶʥźĸǿ߷
ַڲף½Ѿ׼ãνַѪħһ򾡣
ϢѹĹģԼһϢûյ𹫻ҲûеõϢ
ڲУַֻʱɽĳڣһģǸҲǱʮǿ߶ס
һڣַûȥȥҲǰȥ
ɽַ硢Īƺͺ˻֮Ϣǧ֮⣬ڵ̺ʽַûε׽Բһ㿪Щˡ
ĪƵ磬еĳڶգݱ¶Ϣʹ˳ȥЩ׼öԸˡ
ַûֵǣȵõϢΪҪϢ͸¶ΪʲôֱӶԸǣ
ĪҡͷҲ벻ףкôԼ̣ΪҪͱȥΧɱǵ˾Ȼô֮࣡ǰŰŵĲᣬİˡ
ĪƱˣַҲŵĲᡣ˵ǰʥԽܣһ·ڣֻǶס·ڵ˾ʮʥ·أ࡭
ַ粻ȥˡ
ʱַԺôѶҵ⣬㲻ܵľħĪƣôʮľ飬֪ʲô
ַĨһѺã˵
õϢõϢʱ䣬ͽԿʱҲһ£ͽֵôҩҲעģ䶫Ȼ㣬ҩõϢչ˵飬ǻȷݣֻ֪Ԫԣý̽㣬ҩҪ֪ʲôˣ浽ʲô֧֡һ¶𹫻ĵ̴ţҩҪԸҲҡȻҩƾʵȥ֤Ѫħͬҩ϶ȥ𹫻ĵҪˣҩûУ𹫻ҩҲҵ
ߣڴǰǵ¼֮ȫ½˶ѪħȻܶ찵õ㣬ҪҲףҲֻд½ܵ½Ǹַ磡Ϣ֤ʵԺ󣬴Ҷ֪Ȫˮ˶㣬ҲʱڱݺͽϢЩĶЩĵ֮ѾȷҪҵˣԶ½˴ǿ˱ݡĵ̣ҩǽԼĵ̴ĵˣ
ַƣʱǣַóԪֳôĶΪ˽ħħˣ¶Ѫħݡ
ӵݣַ粢ûл֣ʵָҪַڱֳôĶ϶ᱻע˳һЩȥ϶ỳɵַϡ
һɣЩͻȡ֤ЩõҩϢ֮Ѿȷַݣ
ַ½ͳһ½ַ磡ַȪˮ
ԪѪħ϶½ĶӣȪˮΪ½ľŴҩ֮һԻħô½ĵ
ȻϢȫȷֻҪܣԷǳͣ½Ķᶯġ
Ȫˮȫ˵ʣκξɼ޷ƸԭҪǣЩƿǿߣֻҪȪˮİԻͻƿ
Ȫˮߣ˶õ
ԣϢȥ֮еɶ׷ǰݡ
ַû뵽ô죬ôԺҲҪαװˣαװȥۣ½ĶǺǣˣһۣ
ַɱȻѾ˾ģгһգһ
ЩҲû죬ϢҲûдķΧڣȻϢ϶ǱҩѹסˡźʥźĸˣҩˣҪԸ㣬˱˿Сԣ𹫻ĵ̸ճҩɳִ߶֣ǳ𹫻ǧʥִɱһɶʱҲõ𹫻ɯϢ˵Ѿ¶ˡ
ҩ֪ôʥȻ𹫻֧㣬ǲЩʥǲ𹫻ģʱ֤ˣһǧʥҲô࣡˭֪Ҳûбǿߣ鵰еҩԲ£
ʱźʥҩѹҪǿΧɱַ磬ҩҲ˳ˮۣӦźʥţǲ˴ĵ̣Ȼغ⣬ݵǿߺƺƵĵˣ飿ҩšʥźĸǩЭ飬ţҩ˵ҪַһԪ£Ҳ֪ˡ
˽ĳƪֱַۣͶأַýƶϾǰ˾Ųʮ
ǰ龭˵Լܵľħַһֱ֮ԱǣΣַˡ
Сٻܵ·ڱ½󶥼϶Ѿ˱ʮ˸ڣЩС϶󶥼֮ͨ⣬ҪȻ˿Ѿɽ˺
ַЩĵ飬Сٻȥ̽ıǿϧˡ
Сٻ½һ뽫Ī׽һ򾡣ȻûεܣȫʼջᱻǷ֡
ַ籾ڤħĪƺͺ·ɳȥǿеɷʥܲˣɳȥܡ
ַϴûεɻأЩǿߵƤ˳ȥǿ϶ǣκ˳ȥҪǾţ﷽Բǵ̺ʽҲҪʱ䣬еʱǺȥǺĲסˣͻڲìܣʱǿԳҳȥ
취ǳʵʩĳɹҲǳСȰ㻹Ǳˣȥϵһºߣܰʲôæ
ַҲҺ㺮ܰԼ߻ô
󶥼˵̺ʽǺ޽
ַÿ춼ľսûεǧȥܵ˵Ѱ
⼸죬ַкף¶Ӷݶַ̾ѡ
Σʱ̣϶ܺкϣкһθ֣ûκ֧֣ʲôæﲻϡ
ٵڴųϵѾ˼ˣȥǰ취ַлεǿԻûǵ˶Ȼɳʮ𣬵ȥûõġ
ʥųϵͷţȥֻ˷ʱ䣬ɽɭ־Ӷ࣬Ҫ̫ˡ
󶥼˿ʼ飬ߵһֱûб̬Ҳûκ
ЩѪɱ֣źʥŵҲĶǲǡ
СʱĻ֮󶥼֪ͨźͱ֮Χڹٵڴϣڰʱδɱ⣡
ʮ֮ʮ𼯺ϵ֮ܵЩɳȥѰַ˵𣬶Ƭ඼ɽɭ֣ɷӰ죬񲢲࣬Ҳֻмʮ˿ڣȻҲǿߡ
ǿ߱ʥŵǳˬȻڼ䷢ͻ˫ˣЩӸźʥŵΧɱ֮¶ˡ
ʮԭȫѪҺ⣡
òҩãϢҩãѪ޷ıģֻҪַѪħЩ˵Уһ
ַûЩ˵УַȥǱСٻֹ¼ѪȻУ
֮˵ѪϣûзѪħѪˡ
ʮˣȫ
ÿӶǧһ飬һֿĿֻ߷źţַıҲѷɣ
šʥźĸǵʥС
ʮ̺ʽַ޷
˿̣εѾûôԲѾգʣµĶЩɱߺַˡ
нǿʶڰ﷽ԲĵǰУַһδεƹ˵ʼ򺮱ķƶ
ĿǰΨһİ취ֻҪַĶ֮Уһİջȥ
ѾֿԼ˰λǰѰַ硣
ַɢʶѸٵĽӽȻڽʶֻ£Եİȫ
ܣ
磡
硭ܣ


340 ̺ʽ
ֵžۣ쳣
ĪƵĿ뺮ɨȥ
İɣǵ˾԰ȫҺʦγȴܳȥ
ĪƲַ֪統½ߣ߲ڡħ֮ȡħô½һɱ֯λá
ûַ磬ĸڿ϶ѾһûĶɻѾĸЩ̫ˣҲ塣ʱڡħ֮У߰ˣĸԻܶ½ɵΧɱ
ߵĸףڡħ֮кͶµĶԼ
Լɱ
ħ֮ߵĸ̫ˣһֱðԼĸ׵ĸĸڡħ֮лж֣µĶԼӮˡ
ǿַİ򵽻ϵսŻж֡
ԣߺͺȫаַ硣
һֱҲһֱѰַĪƵ䣬ĪƱжѪħ֮󣬺ͷĸѰĪƣַѪħӳ֮󣬺Ѿ֪ԼĴܣǼӴȣڸްĸѰˣһֱû
Դ¼֮󣬸󶥼Ҳעַ磬ʥȵַ½Ǹַ硣Ͼʥŵһ󲿷ֶָǴ½ģ½ŽܵϵõϢǷǳѡ
ʥŵҲҲַѪħϢҲ𽥴˳ȥʱ򣬱ݵַĸ󶥼ע⣬֮˶ȷ˱ݵַ½Ǹַ磬ǣȪˮջ֮£󶥼ӱݣ
½ôĶΪַĪ֪ˣûаַ֪ͨѰַĪƣǺһֱæŰôȥӪַ硣ĸ˱ʥźŵ˶ĺܽҲóȻȥַ硣
ҩϢѹĺַܽͨݽ𹫻᳤ɯһ֪Ϣ
磬ܣƬѾǿ߰ΧʮƬ򼸸Եشʼ̺ʽǧһ飬ǵʶܵһһ˴ӱԵƶһ˽濪ʼ֮κһ˶Ӳĵطɽķ򣡲ʱ䣬ĸߣʱķΧڵ˶ᱻЩǿʶӣǴǸͻƣᱻǵ˵һʱ䷢ֻ֣дܻλСûĸ֮УҴǳȥ
ַܵк£á
úá
á³źһЦ
´󲿷ʱ䶼ַߣ϶ַ֪ܶ飬Ȼַ֪ĺֵܡ
ַǺȫ׷²˳٣ھжܣʲôš
Īƺͺ³˻εַʹǧ񹦸ıΣĸһӡ
ٵǿ϶ȥǿԴɽķǱǵ˽Ӧ
ԭһУźˡ
һ˺ƺƵɽķ˵ٶȲҲ֮ʱ߱û˵ʱ򣬼ӿŲ
ٶȣҪŵʮʱܵɽ
죬һల¡
ڵϣͻȻһַ磬дƶŵˣ㣬Ƶұߵɽ
нޱǿʶڣַĶ˵׷١
ַѵźʥѾĸô
Сٻ½Ǹַݱ¶ĪƵһμϣ֮ǣֵܹϵǳãϢǿ϶֪ҲµûĻźʥͶĸ󡣡
ͽСٻַ֮ʱԺܣźʥҲûлǣ
Ҳȷʦ߾źʥŻǣڽ֮ʱǱ·Ϊ˶ĿҴһС뿪źʥŻĸֻᶢʦ𣬶סҵĿԺСΪҴôˣ϶ûʲôá
ַźˣʥſ϶ߣ
磬˵źѾ׷ǣ
ַͷûܣ㱻ˡѾգһ·ܶôСĶһЩ˿ЩﲻѱǺܿͻ׷ɽ
һʮˣߣǴұߣǰɽô
Ǵˣ
ЩɢǴʮɢ취ȷܺã˴šǵ϶Ҳɢ
֮о˳ɽ֮
ɽ֮ǿߣ֮һǧɶ£֮޾ԨĴɷܷУһеĻռ֮еɷͷֻ֮޴ӣҪɽӶ¶
طһ򵱹Īǿֻ߲࣬Ҫסխֻٶ׵ĳھͺãǿߣѾ´࣡
ǿ֮Уǿĸˡ
ҡڵĴַĪƺͺڷȥ
ڻεǧ񹦵֮£ûϳַˡ
˿̣ĸ׾롣
ĸҲ˺ǧǿ߻˹źʥŵǧǿҲ
ͼ˽̸һᣬ޷ûʲôȵȡ
ʱһʥˣСĶ֤ǵѪ
Ϊߵ״ӣһĸܵءĳءΪͻͽӰνѾɣΪҲ𾳽磬ΪĸθΨһ̳ˣĸݵλֻ֮£Щʥźŵ˼˺ȻҪƺΪˡ
󵨣ǰҪ鱾Ѫô
ֱԵǳϽֵκ˶ҪѪΪַѪħлεǸͷֱ治˭˭٣ǳǰҲҪһһ飡
̬ȷǳǿӲߵʹ˸ɫźʥŵ˿ʼַ˰Χ
ַͺļƻҲѣַ˹Ȼĸ֮дϼСʱ³ڿĪʹáѪݡĸǿ߰ڻһԵ¶棡
ֻҪɽɣ½ȫҲҲַˡ
ڣ»мףľ룬ĪҲûа취
ȣǳϽѵΪĸûȨô鱾ѪеĽ
ҲΣ鶥ѪȷǶԶԷ󲻾ǳϽַЩ飬ΪɣֻҪĸ˹һҪȫ飡
ˣַѪħǳƻǰַѪħ˱óɽ˳ȥΪ˷ֹٴηǲòСĽֻжԺ˵֮뺮˺
ȣϻ˵˴ǰѰ˼ûнڹѯһźʥžҪ鱾Ѫб£Ǿ飡
ӰɱڡĸҲźʥŵΧȥ
˫
źʥӲҪĻǲұ֤᲻ᶯ֣֣ĸšʥŵ˾Ի
϶ֳǳңַұַ֤ߣ
룬ڳߵĿҲźߵĸֻҪһ˷ڣ˭ҲӲߡ
ô϶Уһ⺮ģܳҲûнˣ϶λΣɲҶġ
ˣѪҲԣȻˣϢһɣɳʮ̺ʽܿͻϣʱ򣬿϶ץסַѪħġ
ãϼ죬ʱַѪħץ֮󣬶ǰð֮£һҪͷ
˵꣬ĸǵĵȥ
Ÿʱ򺮱ҪɱǵҲסһСĽɫһˣЩ˵޹ؽҪ
ҹޱȣ֮ʱʱһɷӹڻ谵¹֮£ӰƯЩɭֲ
ʱѹַ޷ӽ֮
ٶ׿ĳ֮ŵǿȫǧʶܽһ𣬷ųڣһֻӬҲɲȥ
磬û뵽ǵ˸޷¿ڴ¿ڳǧ֮ȫŵ˺ʥŵ˷˭ҲܹȥҲεļƻѾʧˣⶼһʱ⣬û˼ȫ
ַܣǰļƻѾõģֻû뵽˻ôСĽѣЩ̺ʽƻʱܵԣǻʱ취
˳˼Ƕûʲô취
ǰ·׷Ǵ˷·ȥ
ַ磺顭
ңںæ
Сٻ
Ҳûа취֮ǰȥңȻǬһطңȻúĪƺͺ´ӻ֮ߣߡС֪½Ǹַ磬϶֪ӵǬʮʱʶŽܵһ𣬾Ϊ˷ֹҵĴڣֻҪһǬǵʶͻ̽ɨΧһֲԣͻ֣ᱻԭΡгҲʶһɳᱻ֡


ʱӵħħֺ͵ھħɱЩ˸Ƶġ
ַ㲻Ǹղźæôæˣ


ţղҾħֺ͵ھħ¡
ַӵôҵħô


ӵ˵ھħͿħ㡪ⰵɱҲǡⰵ򡯣ħ򡯣ħ˵ԴУħҲǿħһʩչ֮ڵˣейʧЧȻҲȫʧЧͬλ֮µʧЧΪߵģǵҲֻʩչΪߵǲ֡룬ϣĸ˵ԵħĻٶˣҲֻϣħս֮ʱħ˵һ֮սǧ飬õħħʮס
ַƲͣ飬˵ôô취ߣ
ŭ˭˵ûãûõĻ˵Щ


ַ۾һ˵ħħֺ͵ھħڸ
϶ǣȻ˵ЩΪҸղϹæô
ַһ󼤶Ϊʲô粻˵
ǧǰһӡ֮أϹ󡮾ɷ󡯷ӡǧЩﵽʲôħҲ֪ǧǰħսսȼںħս֮ʱħ˾ɷҾħɷʮ˸ͨħٽȳЩԿ飬ȻƣƵĲȫǧɷ޷ԣϿն޾ɷЩɷǳǶʥҲܲסɷ
ַİ汾һ˵Կħƿɷ󣬿
Ȼ˵Ĳʵ
ɷبʱɷ֮˭Ҳ޷գǿ޵еħҲաɷһ룬Щɷ֮ĳصǣ˱Ͽա


ΪЩɷ֮Ĵڣȫ˸ħħֺ͵ھħϢҲһֱûиӦŸ󶥼ǿʢǿߵʶʱ޿̵̽ɨ裬ĳһӰ쵽ЩɷĹɣȻӰĺСħħֵϢɢ˳ҷŸӦһ˿ħħֵϢħڣħڿ϶ڣԣֻҪҵħħֺ;ħڣԸЩˣǺǡ


ַ缱æʵħħֺ;ħڵϢĸʲôط
֪ҾֻӦôһ˿ϢûˣҲûиӦ
ַƽһ飬ô죿
Сٻǳ򵥣ҸһʣҲûʲôذʲôĿ϶ҵһħֳֵĵط϶ĳء
ַһ룬Сٻ˵ľ
ַʱʺ︽Ҳûʲôأ
һ㶣
磬ָǵô


341 ǵ
ַʵǵʲôطԶԶ
ĪƶǳֵĿַ硣
ĪƵ磬ǵһƬأഫǵԭ쵺Ǿɷ֮ԴӾɷ֮쵺ħ졣½̽ռҶ׷Ϊ쵺رأðߺΪǿǰ쵺Щǿߵȷ쵺ҵһЩƷǴ˶ʱƣǰ쵺̽յԽԽ࣬쵺ڵҲԽԽࡣഫٶǰ½һǿߣ쵺õԶʮ֮һġӡ֮ǿߴŷӡ֪١
ַ룬ӡϲɽźˮУǸȡ߷ӡ֮˿϶ǿߡ
Ϣħô½ÿһ䣬ǿǰ쵺ǽ뵺ڵǿһҹ֮ȫ棬׹ǣ쵺Ӵ˸Ϊǵ֮ǵħ죬ǱϾɷɷѹЩȥ겻𣬱ڵħѣ׷׳ħ֮ϳħ֮Ҳ뿪죬ħɢתϵǿ֮⣬û˸̤ǵ
Ī˵ķǳϸַͷ


ûǵħħֺ;ħڵĵط²˳٣ھͳ
˵һ˷ܡ
ַĪƣܣǵʲôط
ﲻԶĵӷ߰ʱͿԵ磬ʲô
ַȥǵ
Īü⣬Ǻܿʲô
ĪΪѪħħҲǳϤ֮ǰѪħѪûо֮ǰĪƺһڣǵħ죬ĪƾԲЩħȻַ֪ʲôˡ
ַ֪һħݡھսħ֮ʱΪָ콣ӵߣҲвμӣǸʱַѾ¶ԼݣȻ֪Ǹ߶ȻܣҲֵַ֪ܣȻûַһħݸ˺
ַһħҲԥİַ硣ǧǰħս࣬󶥼ĸ߲㶼֪ǵʱû˸ΥּѡҶ֪һֱ飬ħ
һħûʲôԣ
߾ַ֮ʱĸ߲㿪ҹܻ飬һ£ȫַ磡
Ͼûַ磬ĸѾɻ߸ݴĸһᱨĸҲһҪ
ַԺ£Ҳ뽫ĸǣ棬ҺĪھȥǵ׷ɱǾͺáźʥŻҲҰĸôֻҪǵǵͻǳȫʱ򣬾ٶҲ˲ǣ
˿ַ̣绹Ž˵ħ
磬ܣѵǵ֮еħ˲ô
ַĪƵͷ
һ룬ֻҪǵħ˲ַĪƣôǵȫĵط
ãһߣĸ˻ڻǵǵ
ַҡͷãҳٶȣû׷ϡ
ֵַܾ֮ڤħĪƺͺ£ֱԶȥ
һ޺𣺡ַѪħˣ׷
Ȼú޺źʥŵѾַ硣
ǿߣǿȫַķ׷ɱȥ
Ȼ߿ղܷУŵеٶȲӰڤħǿ
һʱ䣬ַ罫ǿ˦ĲӰ
ĪƴЦ磬ٶȣʱǾͿԵǵˡ
ʮ֮󣬽ͻȻַ磬ߣˣǺŵ߿ˣȥǣĴͼݿ϶ϣֻҪҵĴͼͿԸ׻ȸĴޡ
ַԣͷȥ϶ܴ
磬ҪȥĪƲַΪεͷ
ȥɱ桭
ٶǺŵһģŵһɫǧʥʥٶЩȵģԣ˱˦ǲźŵɢ
Īƣչ˺ú£һȥ㶨ӣ
ӣĪһ㶣ǻѡַ硣
飬ɣ
긽壡
鸽֮򣬽ľˮȫǿϯǧףķ˹ȥ
濴Զַ磬һ
ʲô򣿡
ѵַ粢ʲôħ۵Ĵô
򣡲ܣ۵ĴôѪħһ𣿡
Ѿûʱ𾪺ˣæӭս
֮£֮һÿһؾа£Щ޷
ַھսħ֮ʱʹùһȫ濪֮ûʹùÿθ壬ֱӿ
ַоȫ濪γһѭ֮Ϣ֮ߣȿĲҪǿǧٱ
֮£ټڤħٶȣҲ׽Ӱ
һӵʱ䣬ɱˣ
ַ磬
ַ磬ԳϷʥĹ
һۣʹóʥ
ݶ޾ɷڸǣΧڣɷȽϱһЩɷǳŨܡ
ɷĸǺ赲֮£ʹóԽʥᱻʥص˷֣ʹʥɷĹ
ɷĹǳ£ɷ˽⣬û˱ȵƿɷĽ˽ˡ
һʥܲסɷĹʥʹʥûʲô
ԣ򲻹ַ磬ַһͬھ
Ǭħ䣡
ԥʹǬħ䣬ˮԵ֮ںϣֱӶ˳ȥڶȥ֮󣬶ᷢʲô飬ûȤȥģӶڤħȫԶȥ
䣡䣡䣡䣡䣡
ײ˲䣬ȫû뵽ַ翴ƲǿĹͻȻ˳Խʥ
ûʹõǬħȻֻĽϣȫʥȥѾﵽһ
ըֱ֮֮޾ɷƬ
ȫУץĪƺͺԶȥ
ߣһ룬λþͱ޾ɷǣ
ǬħֲѾﵽһӲıɷ֮ѹ
ַһԹһŽĽ𾪲ѣ鷽ܵһ룬ͻᱻɷĹ֮У
ַоɷ壬Ҳˣ鱻ȥ룬˵ʥһ㱻ʳƬ
飬ʲôʹóԽʥô
ԣҲˣʹõĺʲô
ַ統Ȼ˺ɷ֮
ɷ֮ǳֲһ¾ܽһʥƬ
Ųǽ飬ַʹǬħĻӲɷĹ
ַĵ鰡ҽȥ嵽˼ǿߵȺ֮УֱӷһǬħ䡭
ַĻסֻǶԸ˲ҾȥˣҶԸˣһûأ͹ˡΪֻʹþУʥô
ַͻȻ뵽һǳص⣬Ŀռָô
ϻɱǵĿľΪͼܲô
ǣôûп
ĵٶܿô
ַ
ɱ֮ʱ춯صıը֮ɷ֮ķӿڵǿ߶Ӧ״׷߳
һųϺǧʥǿ߿ըֳвѡ
ǿѾɽƽʲôԳʥʥֻһܣ
ַѪħ⣬ûˣ
ַ񣿻ѪħûţǵõһҪϢַѪħֹܴﵽĹ
ʱųϿԶ֮ʮźŵ
һʥųϵϣַѾǵѾ֣ǵķߣ
ųϿ૵ĵǵǵһأΪַҪȥǵ
ԱߵһʥϣֻҪַǵֻ·һ
ûųϾûô򵥡
ųʥ׷ȥ
鸽ڤħٶȣû׷ϵģʱ֮ǵԵ
ǵԨħ죬ɷǵħѹһķΧ֮ڡ
½ظ룬޾֮УͲһ㡣
Ŷɵľ룬ַһ񺮡
Ԩ֮޾ɷҵĴһǿûз޸ȥʥУôԶľ룬ȥɷҲҶУڷй̱ɷУûһ㣬ˤȥ϶ᱻɷġ


˷ܵĴУǾħħֺ͵ھħ棡Ҹоħ飬Щħȫɣ
ַҲǳʵ飬ʲôħ飿
ħǱħħ֮꣬ǧ̽յǿ֮겻ֻܶأħ֮ͱħ飡ÿħӵǰΪȫʧҪħάֻ֣Ҫ㹻ħħͨɱģȫĲ𣡶ֻй֮еʥſɱ
ַ˵Щħշô
ǿշ֮շһٸǿߵ꣬ûһħǿ룬ħ飬֮˵һʲôĸ߶ȣ
ַ粻󣬵ʱԻͻʥ
ɢһɴİɢںµ棬Ϊ˹ȥ֮󣬱֮ϵħʴ
ץĪƺͺ£ǵȥ
ķмɷǳɷ֮д󣬶ЦݷǳС
Ȼ˼ܡʱ򡯣ЩƶɷڽޱȻŻС
ڵ֮ڣַ󺰣飬湻ûУû˰ɣ
Ȼɣÿθ嶼ľľ㾫ٸ桭
齫Ȩַ磬˯ȥˣû


ÿʹ긽壬鶼Ҫ˯ʮʱΣַ籣֤һ϶ѣħһ֣ܡ˯šô
ַ壬оߵħǳĪҲһ۾ǳܡ
֮ϵǺϿȡɭֺһЩ֪ĺɫޡ
ַĪơǵȥ
洦ɼɭɭ׹ǣռɭֲʱʱĴһ֪ļַëȻ
ô¡
ַסµ֡
ҡͷһ㶼£ֻҪߣʲôֲ飬¶Ầ¡
ַ翴źµıһĮΧһﶼ޹Ƶġ
ʮַ֮翴ʮħ飬ЩֻһЩõĽӽ͸壬ֻܿòûУħȫŨҵħ
ЩħûʶģȫħֱѣʮħַܵĪɢħ֮ʱȫɪɪʶĹȥ
֮һʮħȫա
ַоһ壬ʮ껹ҪǿɱʮˣַоȻһЩ
ַ˷ܲѣ˵壬찡
ɱʮ壬ַ翴Զ߿ƶš
ʲô
СٻЩ嶼ܵĪƵǿ󣬱ǵǿ˹ѣ
Ҳ˵ֻҪﲻǾͻɱ
ţŰɣȫɱͿԣ׷ɱĸֹȫָЩȥɱУ
ע⣡
ַãһɱ壬һߵȴŵ˳֡


342 ҩ
賿ַʶ̽⵽󶥼ѾǵԵʮǿ߾ۼЩˣɱַĪƵˡ
ħô½½˿ڣǰôַʮʥЩȫ
ǵԨֻһֻжɷȽϡһЩɷǽҲɲȥ
ԣַվǵԵĿŶʮǿߡ
ͷĿʲôԣû˹
Ҳַڶվţֻͨһǧ׿ҪɹȥַվǵԵɣַĹֻҪЩ˵ķУǣɷɣֻҪ֮е˱ɷоͻ
ԣû˸ҷɹ
ַվǵԵϹЦ½󶥼ǿЦʮǿ׷ɱҺѪħˣץסǣ֣ǾͷɹӰһ˺Ƭ
ĪҲǴЦ˸ţֻҪѪħӳȥ罫𣡣
ȻַĪƵĻ֮Ҳĸûа취£
Сүֻ˵䣬Ƕܲˣˣ֪ʥΪôģľôǿߣô쵼ߣ
һЦʮǿ߲޵ץûץ
ַĪһһĳЦ󶥼ˣҲǷййЩӱ׷ɱѡ
˵˼䣬˾û˼ͣ
󶥼һ仰û˵Ϊݸ߸ϵˣ϶ַĪ֮
ΣĴϣʥĴϣĸ˸ߺĴϡ
ʱһϵĿɨԶкףкȥ
ǰǰ˵ַѪħŮŮҲˣôŮǱġ
кȻɣħô½ʮ֮ߵǿߣк׶ҪһǰųȻҵ
ųϲ֪к׺ͳ˽֣ˣΪ
кʲô˼ô
ңǰȻôǿߣǰĹߣɷ֮µסǰɣǰǰ·ڸǰһǰȥſǰ֤һԽŮȫȳ
кȻ֪ųϴʲô⡣
кȻ𣬴ɹȥû⣬ַĪƳ֣кҲԹȥΪк׵ٶȿǹϵħô½һܵıȻҲǵһȻַڤħ޷ȵġ
ߣкһšݡĹڿб䣬ҲٴδӿзȫûԨ
ԣųд̣翴к׺ַйϵ
ַѪħǿߵ׷ɱ֮»һСŮʱַһֱźµ֣Ůַǳϵжϣַк׵Ĺϵͬһ㣡
ֻҪкΪƣֻҪȥһˣȥ˲ַ磬ʣµ˶Թȥ
Ȼ̣ǲַ֪󰵴ħ飬ħһֱţЩħûʶֻӵǿħǿֻ߳Ҫַ罫ʶɢȥ׵ʶЩħ顣
˳ˣЩħԻὫЩ˿⽴ֻữħ飡
кЦҵķٶħô½һΪܵסַѪħ˵ĹôǵڵħǵΪкܴѹƣûȥأˣ

ųϴЦͻȻĿĶкףΪҲ֪ôַˣˣк£
кһ㶣û뵽ų˵ͷ
ץңûǸ£
кڿնΧʮʥĹգһ̣кѾǵķȥ
ǿħô½սߵĸ֣ʥǰҲֻӣ
к׵ٶȲħô½һϰٸʥĹ£Ȼ˳£ַķȥ
ܿ죬к׷ɽɷ֮֮Ук׵ٶȺЩɷǳףкײҪЩɷһҪĹ
ͨԵǧʥͬʱ֣ǿĹǵصкϯȥֵֻźʥŵˣĸ˲ûж
кЦһֱӷУȻ׹޾Ԩȥ
Ȼһ䣬ǧʥеĹûҵкףҵɷ֮֮ϡ
䣡
һ˶ĤʹЩʼҵıըһನ˷˺ȥ˺ײһɷѭը˼֮òŻͣ
үү
´һ
ַû£үүһˡ
ַʶок׻һֱ׹֮С
ӵըǿȫʧȥ˷ɹȥľġ
Уַڶ񹥻ˣЩɷǿɱʥĴڣûӣ˭Ҳȥ
˶Ϊкˣʵк׸оʥһ̣к׾ͼ׹䣬䵽ǧ֮ºȻǰУǵߵʯڷ
к׵Ӱٴγ֣һӰѾַǰ
үү
кȥỨϹż˷ܵЦк׵Ļȥ
£
к״һɫѾһƬңѾѪ
ڵ齩Ӳϡ
ǰȪˮ
ַóһƿȪˮ
к׿ַ磬ûõģɷ궼飬ֻһӵʱ䡣
򶾹ҩκúµ壬ַ磬ллչ˺ôãԺ󣬺¾иˣúö
к˵꣬沿ʼ粣һѣ֫
к׶ʥĹǧ֮£Խ䣬ɷ죬ǧ֮µɷܶļʮֹ
ƾк׵ṦٺãҲ㲻еɷɷ֮кױסһùǿѹסɷӣΪһ档
к׽иַ磬һƬޣֻʣһ·һҩһռָ
ַҩǬڲоʱ򣬶к׵Ŀռָ˺֮ϡ
£ģһΪүү𣡡
һĮûпޣ󺮹ⶢŶʮǿߡ
ղſүүʱ򣬺¼ĵᣬүүˣȴһĮַ֪ÿκ¿֮󣬶һĮ
ǣүү
£޾Ϳ޳ɡַ粻֪ôȥΣرĺӡ
ޱ鵭ĵôֻߵΪп޵ʱ䣬ȥθүү𣡡
ַĪƾһ㶣һʮС˵Ļô
磬һҪκҵ壬Ҫźʥе˶ɱɱһɶȫУһҪɱЩɱȫҵˣҪΪְ裬Ϊ㱨𣡡
µĿѪ˿ɱڣȫ޾Թ
ַʵ£߸磬ɱȫҵĳ˭
ɽ֮һʥߣ
˵үүҵģүү˵˳׵ǰڱǰǧҪɱ֮
ԣѾַĪƵˡ
Īһħô½һʥߣ
ַĪƣɽʲô
ĪƵ磬ħô½ã϶ħô½ֲ̫ǿĶ½ֻǱϵĳɽ֮ϵڡɷȡһ̡ڡɽݺͶ½ɽ֮ϣޡӦоУߵãħô½Ķɽ֮ϣ
ַʵǻûбɸ
ĪƵ֪ûˡ
ܣʲôط֪
ĪƵܲҲ֪½֪޼ɽ֮УܶطԿˣɱ޺ޣ˱޺ޣһֱǶģǡ
Īַ֪СѩССèĪƸַ磬ǿԴɽ֡
ЩԺ˵ַҪľǰ⡣
ַ罫µյĽģڸߺ£Զߡ
ַ֪ڳž޴ʹ࣬Щʹ±ȥܣ˵ĿûõģοҲûõģҪ
ǺҪַڸ˺£кѾַҩֻҪҵҩģн񽳾ҩʦڣʲôҩ
ַ˽˼ʱҹܿ콵١
󶥼ûʲôٶǵ氲Ӫկ׼ַȥ
ַеʱ䣬Լ˺Ǽʮˣô㣬ǶԿ
ַóкԼҩ

УݣˮʯǣѪǣ
ַ绹ûп꣬ʹҲݣ꣬ǵҩôⲻҪ˵ô
ַ羪Ȳѣܵľħҩôıֿڣ⻹ĵͷһأɼ𾪵ʲô̶ˡ
ַһ󣬵˵飬ֻһʦĵҩһʥҩ㲻ôŰɣ
ҿһʥ϶ѲңҲѲңֲϣֲϺ;½ľŴҩ޼ȥң
ַ𾪲ѣǰɣ飿жңҲ֪ǱȱǲȱǮ
һŭˣ㻹˼˵ȱǮʯ˭ģǶʦˣԺҪʯԼȥƣңûգ
ˣСƢȷڱݺͽ֮俪սʱ򣬽ÿ첻ͣЪʯ
СٻˣСţǧˣôˣôСһ˵ء
ÿСٻ棬ƷעͲ֮ĸԵںϵȵҶˡֲϣˮȪˮ棬ЧãʯҲͺڰԵľƷʯֱһʮƷЧãƾıر֮𣬵ҵľħ϶ȾãȫԴ棻ֳɵ붼롣
ַ飬˵˵
ݣֲھ԰У½ԲУ͵ǣѪǣֲϣǺǡɱһ޾ͿԵõ²־ˣǣȥ硭ǣȥ˾磬ҲòЩϡȥʮĺ԰
ַһ
Щϣ𹫻϶ŪõҩַΪͿԸû뵽ǣộ̵ܣ
ѵҪԼܴʮһ죬ٸβôꣿǼǧꣿ
ôˣ磿
Īƿַϵҩһ
ȻĪû˵Ĳϣǿ֣Ǿģ߯ˡ
ַ²Զĺ֪ԼĲôΣһġ
㿴ǰֶǾҩûУҪɱһֻľ޲ҩҩ̫ˡ
Īһ㶣ޣ
ַͷ
ʥߵǾޣ
˵ģ
ųģѾǿ޳Ϊ½һǿߣ½Ϻܶ˶֪
ʥ߲ɱȫҵôѵѭӦô
ַһϲģɵѣ
ĪĨһѺħô½һǿߣô׸ɵô
ĪƵǰҩͨ𹫻ҩȥѰҡϵҩҲǳ࣬һ𹫻Ͼͼҩҩ㵽ʱȥ
ַͷ
ÿ֮ʿӶ࣬ÿ˵ĻԵҲһһҩֻоַ磬ֻҪиƷҩӣȪˮ࣬϶ҩ
Ȼַ粻Ҫҩȥƣַʯ


343 ɷ֮
Īƽ̸ϣַޱʧٴȼַһƾľĲϡ
ԶĬĬĺ£ַ簵Էģ£һ֣
ַ󶥼ɶԳַ֣϶֪󶥼ڷѾ֭취ԸԼĪƣַһҲõģǵħԼʮǿȫɱЩħܽ˺Ƭ
ЩħҪǵ֮ڵħ棬뿪벽ЩħԳȥʮѾʮħˡ
ַ¾ɱħ飬Ȼ͹̾ħħһֱýãַҪħɹûн飬ַԼҲʩչǽַ磬ħֵ˵һʩչһ⣬ĸʩչ
ַҲֻܷħŽ֮ϣַΪûеǰǲܽ
ɱѾǼˣɱǺַڵ̫ͼ֮еġ֮ۡڡ
ԼַҲòַʲô
ַ󽫾ħɫ֮ϡ
飬ħְɣܽħñŤ
ǽ֮ɡ

ħ֮ɡ
ף
ŭˣѾģԼˣӣ
Сٻɣɫ֮Уɡ
ַҲоţͽɡ
ַ磬СٻҺ
ַʶ֮һ˿˿ַ֮˳εַ
ʱַͻȻо֮һ˷ܵѶϢ
ףô£飿
飬оô
飿أ
ֽеڳ˯
СٻһЦСţ˯ĵã˯˻˵Ҳ̫Сˣûôô
У˭˵Сˣҷ飬֮Ϊ˷ܡ
ַǽ飬ûУ
֮һֱǷǳκǲмһ˵ĸоôħİҲֻ΢ۣôͻȻô˷أַ磬СٻѾ֪ˣ֪𣿡
ڸʾʵǹӣַСٻ
ֱַʲôʱôԻ
ַСٻͬʱɷ֮
ĵûио֮һַǳĸо޻һ㣬̺ǳֲɷ֮;ǿޱȣʥסɷ֮һܸоֽȻ෴ֳ֮˷Ƕɷ֮ȤҲ˵ֻɷܱ֮֮ַ磬Ҫһɷ֮֮Կʱʲôˡ
ɷ֮½ߵк׶ɷ֮ɱԼô
ַЩµĵûɣҵ꿸סô
ʲô徭ǳ֮һ˿ɱȣ֮ҺСٻڣ֮ȵȣһɷ֮㣬Ҳɱ㣬㡣
ǡðɡ
ַҵһ֮أʶȻ֮ɢȥ
ַܿ쿴ǰԶʮɷ֮شߡ
ڤħһַӰѾ˰֮⣬ʮɷ֮ǰ
ʱ֮£ַƹ˼ܼɷ֮ӭӭһɷ֮
֮˲ַϱɷ֮ȥ
һĹʥĹɷ֮Ҳ˲ƿɷ֮֮İ֮²ûйֳɱ¾ͱϢȫȡ֮һϲá
ַȻ֮ɷ֮þòһ㣬ɺ졣
ںϣҲ໥ơ
ַŰɷ֮һ֮ԼȻ󷽳ȥصǵ֮ϡ
˰ȫشַžоɷ֮
ɷ֮֮İ֮·ǳºַͣԵĳȥһЩ֮ɷ֮Ϳʼ
ַоɷ֮޷գҲ޷ַĹһӴɷ֮ɷ֮ͺԥĹֿų⣬ַ壬ߣ֮æţַ´˿Ѿˣ
պܣЩʲô֮ʲôϵأ
ɷǰʹڣҼǵõħƿɷ֮ҲպЩɷҲûа취ӡﶼʶģǻۣħ˾ǣǲŰæħ˵ֿ飬ȫû֪һ˵ǲ磬ռǱǿռĴܷӡѣɷҲռ󷨣һ󷨡ЩﲢЩɷǵȻɷʴĸòǵս˿ûмһǳСﶼתսǵ죬ǿߣҲµûɷ֮Ҳħһ
ַֻ֮Ǻɷ֮໥ѣֻⶼǾ㹻ˣٺ١
ַ罫֮ɢȫ֮±Եȥ·ɷ֮ȫûжܣǾվڿо䡣
ɷ֮嵽ַǰֹ֮֮ܵͣ˹ǻַϲתȦ
ַʶЩɷ֮һöûС
ַжɷֻ֮ǲѣѾˣֻҪַ֮Լﵽɷֻ֮Ҫַ粻ɷ֮ôַ޼ɵʹþУ
ַţܹȥЩһ汾Ǭħ䣬
ǲҹǰɣӹȥ
ַֹƵԼʹǬħĻ϶ĸҲըôżС͵ǾûģǬħգַҲղãûиס
Ǭħ䣬͵ַ绹ܿƣǴ͵Ǭħ䣬ÿʹöᳬԽռĹƣ٣֮ʱѷ֮еʱշ籩ʱպǿһܳԽһַֻ֪ںϵԽ࣬ںʱõԽǿ󣬱ը֮ʱԽֲ
ʹùһǬħ䣬ԽʥĹһ֣˸߿ĵɷ֮
ַţɷ֮ԸЩ˾ѡ񣡵ַԼûзɹȥͻᱻʥĹҷɣ
Ǹ㲻ɽ߿֮еɷ֮֮УȻӽˣٽһô
ַ纹գַȷʵһʱû뵽ַһЩʱ䣬ַ϶뵽
ϵն޾ɷڣǽʶ޷͸ֻҪַ޾ɷ֮֮У˭ֲˣ
ʱҰֻҪɷ֮֮й˾Ϳԣ
ޱȵҹڤħֱַӳ˸߿֮С
ַ֮ʵʵ֮ɽ޾ɷ֮֮С
ַߵɷַûκε⣬ÿַӹЩɷַÿһ·
һַ֮Ѿ˼ʮϿգû˷֣Ѿǿڸһ
ʮռɽ壬ֱַ֮ʹǬħ䣬ַұ֤ɽ嶼ᱻƽʮ˿϶ʣ£
ַ粻ôĸˣַ粻ɱ
ɽߵĸмŵұߵʥŵ
ǵǱŵռݺͷַ粢ûȶԸŵˣǽĿұߵʥߡ
ַұʥŵ˿ַסǬħڴ˵ص֮¾
ʥŵʮˣַѡһɽͷɽͷǧ
ַڵΪںǧ˵Ķȥ
䣡
һ޴ĺըϰٸ˲仯˷ɻҡ
ź¡ϣʱձ˺籩ʼӿֶ˲伸ٸ𱻾ʱѷ졣
ϵɷ֮һǵط£
ɷ֮һ˲佫ը֣ǧɱԶһǧȫ棡
ɷ֮֮ҪѹסַǬħ䱬ը֮ȥɷ֮ڱը֮޲ķ䣡
ɷ֮һ£˶ữ粣һƬ
˿ַ̣Ѿգں֮ܽеɱ
˰գַͲ»˵ĸˣ
ַǹһ˿Цսַǳ⡣
˶ߵźʥȥЩ˻ûгһıըڶ𣬽ϵɷ֮ʱһ㽫ԱըΪ׷Բ֣
ɷ֮ըѹƣе˶˷ɻң
߲󾪣
ôϴ𣬡ʲô
һλϵԣǴӸ߿ɷ֮дǳ£Ѿﵽʥȫһôǿͷ֮˸߿ɷ֮Ĺ
ɷ֮ʥɱ˭ܲصɷ֮֮Уⲻܣ
ǲܣ㿴
ʱһƲǿĹӸ߿£ҵ˵Ⱥ֮Уűǿޱȵ֮ɷ֮¡
ֳһƬңܶǿ߶Ĵɢ
͵Ϯǵ˿϶ַ磡ǿѾַ磬ֻѪħһڰأ
˴󾪣ַܲɷ֮֮Ѿڱذ֮أٶˣҲֻ·һ
ʱʥŵĴų
ô죿ظڷɱʥŵˣǵ˺ܿͻᱻɱ⣬תƵߣ
ʥĴϾʧ룬ǰһǶûа취Ǳ֣֮˭Ҳû
Щƽʱ߸ϵǿߣûʮɱַ磬Ҷַѷɣ˭Ҳû뵽ַǵ
ʲôظ֣һַ磡
ַ磬ôܣʥŵĳϲš
ǵĵ˾ַѪħѪħڶվţַ˭
ûע⵽ĸǱûһ㶯ֻԵĻһ¶ѡ
ע⵽ˣͻĸ⣡ǰĸַ˴ɽߣǵ˵Ǽܲǵ֮ǰǰַƵ·ӣַҲûжɷ֮֮ɱǵˣȻǵʲôܲŸ˹õܣڲܴɷ֮֮в˺
ƶϵûҪȻһʼôǵһʼôɱǵˣ
Ҷ֪ĸֵַܣǰڻַɽȥĸ˿϶֪ɱַ֮ʱĸһֱرַ̬ܲɱ䣬ĸһ㶼ңϵļֻ˵ĸһֱַ֧磬ĸڰаַ磬Ǻһˣ
һ׷׵ͷ
ڣ޷Կַ磬ϿնɷҲӲôֻһ·ߡ
˴ĸķȥ

ַɱ𾢣ͻȻһ޺𴫵ַ
ַ磬ٲɱ˺
ʱʥŵ˻Ѿַɱ⣬ַûһӵʱ䣬ɱʮǿߣûһߣ
ɽ֮һѾַը١
ַķȥԶԶĿŵϽѳ˺Ĳ֮ϣλϽλŻס
ĸɱֽλϰΧÿ˶ĿŰλϡ
˿Զŵǿַ׷׳˹γһΧȦĸ˰Χ
ʮǿߣʥ࣬ʮ࣬Ѿַɱ⡣ĸŵ˶֮߰£Ҳ֮֡
ԭźʥŵİ˴ȥ̸֮ʱͻȻ׵ĳֽ£
˴϶Ƕʥͬʱ֣޷϶סˡ
ߺĸĴϸû뵽˴ϻһУ
ûж֣Ψһĵӣʦͽǳֵַּܣ˿ʧȥǺҲ뺮κʧ
ĸֱ߲ܺ֣ܶ¶Ắġ


344 ٳֺ
ַû˹Ϊٳҵֵܣвô
ַȻô˵зǳĺ
ַƽ޵ľǱвԼ
ʱ򣬾ԲʾԽʾ˾ͻôߣ
磬㲻ùңɱһɶˣô汳ģҲֵˣ
˿̵ĺѾȫ֮⡣
ǳǰַģæûаϣȴַ鷳֪ˣԼ粻æء
Ϊ빲ֵܣֵѣܲæ
æĺΰ
˿̣Ҳַ磡
ַ磬־ܣ˺Դ
ųʵǳ飬ƽ
ַ϶ַܲסǿߵһһַһҲ군
˿ֵ̣˿һߣ
ųڵȻҶ֣ٳֺ޼ƿʩһУҲڶģַͺĸ飡
ȻҲ֮ߣһߣǸ߸ϵǿߣǰѸ鶼ĺܵΪһУ
ַѪħˣĺޱȣڼɱʮ˵ĻԼֵܵô
һ仰ֵõģģ仰Щ߲֮쾡£
ֻһУ
źʥŵ˲ȷַ᲻ᶯ֣Ю˺ַ֮ȷ֣ͣ˵ַзǳҪ
ֻҪ֤һ㣬źʥŵ˲ϣߡ
ַ粻ںֵܵĻѾڲ֮صͲ֣ͣ
ųϴУַ磬㻹ѵҪֵܵô
Ҿôţʥţӳ罫𣡣
Ȼȴδ
ʥһЦôĿٲӵɱ˺
ʥŵʮѾַɱĴϻȥ֮㲻ҲѲƤȻĸ˵п϶ҪһڹģҲ
ԽԽ
ңֵһͷ׼ӭҵɱɣ
ַһ㶼ʾ
ַ磬㽫ʥŵѾɱϷҪھͷ˺
˿ʥŵĳѾۣһ򺮱ȥ
ı赲ӹֱӱϣѪֱ硣
̹ǴĵʹúѣǺҪأŵأվ
ַѣ֣ΪҲɱô
Ǭħ䣡
䣡
ַʹһСǬħ䣬ֱӽΧȦΧŵǧɱ
ڶֵһָͷҲɱǼǧˣ
ַı䣬һ̽˵꣡
ս֮У˽ֱ˿ȣصˣַֻܳǵ˼һҲκԹԣǴ˿̣˱ɵֶ͵ϮƷúвԼַŭˣ
˿̣źʥѾַ̣
˽һַһĻһôߣ
ԣַȻˣַɱˣַţ˴ϲ󲻸ٶ
ֻн˴ϱƵ·ǲŻᶯ
˴û뵽ַôݣǸַǳںֵܡ
ʥЦַ磬㵱ΪҲҶô
ɱɣɱĶŵˣɱԽԽá
ⳤҪ֣һԵųϼæֹ֣㶯˺ַɱŵˣ
ų뵽ʥųϵĹƣΣʱ̣ʥŻţų߲ѣǴ˿̣źʥһߣܺʥųϷ
ûʥųĴϣѾɱ⣬ʱʥųһַȻɱŵˡ
Ųǿô
ʥųϵˣǱַô
ųϴŭΪַôô㣬ô
ô죿ѵа취ַô
˴϶ûа취ľݣǵȷɱ
˿ʼ˼ŶԲߡ
ַҲŶԲߣźʥŵĳڵȻɱĿǰַҲûа취ȳѵôȥô
˫ĿðŰ˴ϣǰ˸ʶĻͷſ¾ôˣִԲĸ󲻽šʥΪУ
˴Ҳǳգȫǵĸ˴ɱַѪħɣĸǻȥ֮һȣ
ԽԽΪȥ֮󣬻ᱻֱ̣
źʥų϶ǣȱǼʥĴϴѾȫˣ˸ǵģ
ʥŵĴɱˣҲҪŵһ
ˣϿȥźʥͬЭʵǸ̥źʥŵĹϵһֱãνɱַѪħʥڼȫû֮ʧ˼ǧˣʥŵ˵ȻŵҲ
ĸ֮ǰʥһֱûϵĳͻĸȻнӸɱ񣬵Ǵκɱźʥŵ
źʥΪĸȻΪУ˿źʥŵĸ޷ܡ
½濪սԻӰ쵽Сϴƣӻ½Ļң
ųҲ俴ߣĸдַͨѪħȣĸȣڲٳֺܻųȥô
ЦΪǽٳ˺ܻųȥôǻųȥͨĸַѪħͬȫµ˶Ըĸǲκһ߳ݣ
ʥųЦߣ뷨̫ˣɱַѪħʮ˸ڣÿһ֮ⶼСˣɱźʥŵˣôʱֻĸ˴ӱ߳ȥϢȥһôأѵĸ˵źʥŵ˺ѪħַͬھôַѪħҲǻ˵ѣȻŲŶûйϵַ֪Ȫˮô϶ΪĸõȪˮĸͻΪ˵һĿ꣡ߣַѪħٴȫµ˶ΪĸַѪħһģʱĸȻ·һԣ¹ĸڽӣ
µȷĸ˽ĸЩ˵֪ĸַ硢ѪħйϵôĸͻᱻȺ֮
һʥŵĳ˵ȻЩʣĴĸҲɺܶţĸʮǿʱ

ַЦ˵ʥŵλϣͰ׳أɱΪʲô޷ΪȪˮҵȫĸ˳ȥ֮󣬸źʥŵ˸ϼƿȪˮ˵ַѪħˣͺôЩ˾ˣѵǵȪˮֵǮôźʥŵ֪ĸҴͨôǿеֻѣºֱȥǼƿȪˮ˵ʥźŻԸǿôȫ֪ĸҴͨôҪǣĸħô½һɱ֯Ϊһǳصôĸʮ֮⣬˭ҶԸĸ˵ʱҺѪħǿĵˣǶߣдȪˮȪˮټΪ˵ĸʲô
˴ԶԣĲ˵ַдȪˮȪˮټǿߣ˭ܾסջ
ųַ磬һô
˵
ǼƿȪˮ˳룬Ҿͷֵܡ
˴ȪˮĻȥ֮󣬿϶е𶼻ȫ⣬һܵν
ϵ鶼кá
ҶΪ棬αҪƴһأ
ַɱң޷ΪȪˮڸʮƿȪˮ˺
ַӦ˶Էûа취˱Ƽˣɱ˺ĸ˴ʱƣĺַ뿴ġ
ɷ죬ڷǣԺ󱨳Ļǣ
ųϴȣУھͽȪˮ뿪˱ݣٷˣ
ַЦûʸ̸
˵ţַʹһǬħ䣬ֱըǧˡ
ַ磬̫ˣ
ųȫԼٳߵ˵ˣ޿ֵĻڷɱˣԼûа취Ҷٳֵˡ
ųƵҪѪ
ַѾӦǵ˻ϣȻַֻٴζ֡
ȸƿǷˣ֮ٸƿ
ַ˵ţµƿӿ£䵽˰˴ϵĽ¡
һϼһƿһ󴿾Ʈɢڿ֮С
ⳤһ󼤶ǻֱܷαȪˮǾ½Ŵҩ֮һǿ϶ûм
ַ磬ô֪ȪˮǼ٣
ֱַӻˣҪС֮Ķʾ֮ЩСɫֵȥƭ
ʱ԰˴ϵҺһɣ
ⳤϴƿ֮еγ˼򺮱Ŀȥ
֮һ룬ϵۿɼٶ˳
һĻǿ۷Ź⣡ȪˮκεҩûһЧ
ȪˮȪˮ
˴һ󼤶
õȪˮˣԷ˰ɣ
У㽻ʣµƿ뿪֮ٷˣ
˴ף뿪ɷıݣַʱܽȫɱ
ַЦҶˣһˣô˵ǻˣݹҼɱˣ
ַɱ˼ǧˣȥˣŵǿ߳类ַɱ꣡
Щǿ߶ǳһΪȴһ㶼òϣ
ÿǿ߶֣Ƕĸ߿ƶĸ˻һַ϶Ͳṥ
ĸҲǱǲô
ĸ˽ܵľۼһ𣬲ŵκοյ꣡
ųһңʥŵĳȴЦǰͲַ罫ŵɱء
ųϴŭַ磬ûһ⣡ڷˣ㵽ʱ򷴻ô죡һԲϾͶɱˣôȥ㣡
ַЦǲңҺγǣǴ˳˱ݣҽȪˮҲɷ֮ûвǵʱɱҵֵܣʲô취ٺĸһǣЩһ¾֪﷢飬ʱǾͻὫĸһ򾡣
ĸĸٸĴ϶Щ˵Ļĸһҡ
ַ˵ûġ
ųЩ飬ŭַ磬㵱ǲô
ַЦƣҿֻưɣ˵һһԾšǷˣҾԻǣǲŵĻҲԣ˵ƣ
ʥһʱҶҪ嶯ȻҶͬⳡףҲִƷʵǳýִ˴ԽŵǿȫɱȻǰ˸ϴźȥʱֻǰ˸ˣȻɵҪĸ￪սٶ࣬Ҳסĸļǿߣ
Цôǲ³ȥ֮ĸԸǰ˸ô
ǺǣôˣǸҹĶԸǰôɱǰ˸û£źʥ֪ҲǿսǹɱǰˣǰлȪˮ룬źʥŻŹĸô
ַãɽ
ܴĿģɱˣַ統ȻԸ⡣
ҷԣ
Եŵĳϣַļǿ߶ɱԼͬɱԼ££ųôȥ
ҪԼ¶Լ棬ôԼͬ˲䣬ŵ˿϶ɱԼɵĳϣ
ǿʳڵǼˣǱԼ˳ĸо˭Ҳ޷ȥܣ
Ĵ϶ԣĿĶ˵ʥŵĳϡ
ųϵȻʥųеĹ⡣
ǵˣǵҲҪ⣡
ʥŵλЦңҲΪ˴Һã취õİ취ҲĿǰΨһİ취뵽õİ취ϵĻ͵û˵


345 ʧħ֡ħ
ʥųϵļƲ߾ԿԽ⣬ȴ˾
ַЦλ߸ϵĴǵôˣ⼸˵Ǽ˵ô»õſô
Ĵϵɫһһףǲ֪¾һĴԼˮ
ڵȴųϵĻ
ַ磬ҲܴӦȻĳ˲ʲôӺˣԼԼ£Լˣĳ˴ӳһֱǲŵ˵ʬһ򶥷壬ߵλãǲԼ£Լֵȥģ
ַ磬Ұ첻
˵ĴȻʲôֻԼ֪
ôӦôҼɱˣ
ַ뽫Щ˱Ͼ·ȻַգЩλԽߣȨԽԽ᲻˵ôԸȥǸˣΪ˻ȥ϶Լ£
Ĵ϶룬ü˵ƿȪˮֵ̫ˣȻȥ֮󣬽һƸĸַ硢Ѫħɣ
ַһǬħ䣬һɷ֮£ǧǿ߶ʱҳһţܶܵûУĿɷ֮֮ͫзŴ󣬶׷׻Ƭ
ΣϷ򲻻ᶪЩԼֵܣַ磬ɱˣϷҲ
ⳤϿ˵ĴȻϣ嵨ȴڿУַɱɱǰ
ܶ˶óǵĳϷһ˻ǳϵĻѪڡ
ЩǿŲǳϵĻһжˣ
ֱַͷǬħ䣬ЩԶʧ
ڼ䣬ǧΪ©֮˳ɱԼߵĳϣ˴ЮźĸȺ֮зӴܣƻĸ˵סЩˡ
ĸҲ飬ǧ
һи㶨ﲢûѪɺӣҲʬҰ˶ʮˣֻǧʬ壡
ɷ֮ɱ˶һƬޣξޣ
ַ磬𣡣ų
ˣǳ⣬·˵Ǽ仰ȻѪڣ߰ҲֵܰϺµĸСǶԸµļֺޱȼᶨѣСĸʰ·磡Ī
һߣַ磬ϻ˵Ҳɱˣ콻ʣµƿȪˮ
ַӿл£˰λϸǰ
ֻʣ°˸ˣַȻǷ
˿ַֻ֣мʮ׵ľ룬ͬʱһ󾪿֣ں֮ϵĽֽ˺Ĳϡ
˴ϾĿַ硣
ַǰ˸ʲôôô
ϻ˵óȪˮ
ǺǡҸ㣬ǰ˸ãҽٳֵܣҸ㣬ò˶ãźʥžͻԶʧ
ַĺݻ˴û⣬źʥĵַ̣Ʒģ
ַ˵꣬óƿȪˮ˴϶˹ȥ
ʮƿȪˮѾ֣źʥÿƿ
ַתߵߣζлĸһССﲻɾ⣬¡
ַ˵ţóһռָ߶ȥ
ߺ£Ѫ֮ʶһӦռָİڷǧϵȺҩƿ
룬߶֪װʲô
ô࣡ɫЩ죬ַ֪ӵȪˮȫû뵽ô࣡
ַóʮƿźʥŵĳϣ߶Щַۣһ͸Լǧƿַ֪зǳȪˮ
ȻûнַӵȪˮȪ۵Ϣߡ
ֵַ½Űսż֮ҵȪˮĪƺͺռָװֱַӽصȪˮᵽǬ֮С
Īƻȥ֮ȪˮԼļĪңԼһЩûнȪˮ¸ĪڵţȪˮߡ
һǿʥǿߣȪˮҲõʣ޼
Ȼٴַ磬˵ĿռָܿͻװȪˮ
ݺȷܡ񡯣ַ֪ȪˮԼû뵽ô֪࣡ô࣬߾ͲˣѾ£ѵ˻ȥô
ߺЩ٣ɫЩĺΣַ磬лл㡣
ַ˵ллĲӦ㣬ңǰң飬֮ĸ飡㶫ҲȲ֮꣡Ȳ飡
⣿ѵϲôȫַ˼
ַ仰˵߷ǳжҲͨͨһֵ㺴ĵ
һĽֵܣ⣡
һŮˣΪǿٸߣԼϲ˶Щʧĸо
߳չأ״Сĸ֣֮һֱĸڲٽӴ磬ߵĸ֮ðԼĸһֱĸλá
߸ϵһǿߣһŮˣȴֻһˣ
ԣСߵĸһֱǿհ׵ģû׷ÿ춼Щȴɱ֣Ҳûϲκˣ
ϴַȥ½֮Ҳȥˣʱʹ
ǴΣݷַ磬ַϵ֪ʶַαŲΣߴ˽ȥַϷߣҪԼŰæָһߡ
˳ƶ£ֱѵַ磬ݼײ˸š
߻ȥ֮󣬺ܶʱ򶼻Īַ磬Ǹ档
Ѿϲַ磬Լ֪˿ַһ߲Ż롣
Щᣬַ磬һ߰ɡ
ַɲãһߵĻɾĸˡ
ַ϶ܹȻѪħһߡ
ߺͺַ𣬰˴ѹźĸǿ߽˴Χסǰƶȥ
ַûбҪȥ
˴ڼǿ߰Χ֮¿϶Σ˳ȥ֮СǰĸҲɱ˴ϡ

ⳡɱжڽַҪԼ¡
ַصǵ½ĪչˣԼһ˴˵


ַҪҵѪħħֺ͵ھħ
ϵħ飬ԺɱһЩ½ǿַ֪Īǵɱô졣ַ翼ǵķǳȫ
ԽߣѾһƬľʧĶٵĴַʧ
ԽߣħԽԽ࣬ҶǸ߽ħ飡඼ʥħ飡
ַ˰ʱѾ˵ġ


飬ħأ˵ھħأʲôط
ûиӦ


ַĸʱʱ䣬ת飬Ƕûҵħֺ͵ھħ
飬ң⵽ʲô
仰ַһ·ϲ֪˽˵ˣǽÿֻش֣ң


ǣַҹʱ䣬ǵ˸׳죬ǻûҵħֺ͵ھħ
ôǵܶħֺ;ħϢΪʲôҲΪʲôأΪʲôʡ
ַûĵ飬ΪʲôΪʲô㲻Ǻųô
Сٻʱ򵽣ַ磬żСʱ䣬ɡ϶ʲôΡ


ַҸоħҲھħѾȡˣħħ־;ħϢȡ֮ϢɢȴûУǱϵɷ֮ѹǵΧ֮ڣԣܸܵħֺ;ħϢȴҲ
ַĻһѪ
ַ磬˵ûһҪȻôͲͨħħûʮתϵ޷ɺģϣ֮⣬˭бõħأѵ飿
ַܣڵ֮ʱ֣ο磿
˵ʥʥɣûռʥʥ飬ǾԲʮתϵ飡ԣԲʥʥģ鲻ռ䡣Ǻηʥء
ַֽѰҵڶ飬顭


һʱ䣬ַǵѰҵħֺ;ħڡ
ûκ
ַ粻ˣСٻҲˡ
ַεĵȥ϶Ҳˣһǽħɱɣ
ɱħңʮ죬ַɱһٶħ飡ַʥתľ磡
ַ˷ܲѣԽɱԽ𾢣
飬Ԥһ£ܹİٶħ飬ȫɱĻܲܽ񾳽磿
˵أɱħֻܱߵħ飬ѾͻƵʥתľ磬Խ룬ЩħľԽߣЩħħģĵشʮ񾳽ħ飬İȫɱĻ϶ͻ񾳽磡
ַмѣ񣡹
ɱһʥת
ɱһ򣬾ת
ַоļԽߣҪ
ʣµٶһͻ
ħûʶɢħֵ֮ʱеħ鶼һʶĹȥ
ַ֮Ҫ֮ոЩǿħ鼴ɡ
ַɱٶħ飬ʥת˿̣ʣʮ߸񾳽飡
ַоѾͻƵıԵϾͿͻƣ
֮һ˲䱻գַоͻȻ֮䱩ǣѾﵽһַ޷Ħĸ߶ȣ
ַָоһϸûܵסԼ
ַʵ飬иˣΪʲôͻƣûٵĳ֣
ĵСٻæأشɡ
ַʶ֮һ˲£Ѿ˵æôæô
ȷæڵϵһ񷽲˫Ȼ̧Ҫվĸоַħѹ֮¹ȥ
ԣħ뷴ʶħôᷨôֻһܣħʶ
СٻַνǬеһ·Ϊﵽһĸ߶ȣĳͷҲ٣ʵЩռΪ˿߶һԣǺܶ˶ֲ֮ˡ٣ֻ߱ȥⶨ񴫳еħеһǺǳ֮죬Ҳԣȫûһͻƻٵģ
ַʵûٵ᲻ʲôã
ʱûʲôãû٣Ժ֪ˣʷǿڵȴ㣡
ʲôǿ٣
š졪ħ٣
ô
ֹǺǣȻħ˲ˣ˵
ַ
˵˵ô£
˹ӣԺ֪ˡ
ʮ߸ħ鱻ɱַ꣬һ񾳽һ֮˰ɫһֱõ֮ӽӽʵʻ
һһħɼַ粻֪ħƵʲôħƸġ
ַ񴫳еļ֪ħһֵͼڵͼ˭Ҳ֪ʲôͼ
֮еﶼ˳
ĳ֣֮еɷ֮ӲĽѹȥ
ʲôˣȻɱħ飡


346 ʨħ
ĵɷ֮֮гһõӰƯַͷϿա
ӰҲһħ飬ħ죬沿Ƚͷŭıϡɼ˫Ŀ֮󺮹ַ硣
ַ󾪣ʶħ飡
ֽУܣȫħʴ꣬ôʶ⡭⵽ô£
ħľ磬Ǵɷ֮֮зɳ˿ַֻа֮Զ
ɷ֮֮Уʶ޷̽⣬ħͻȻ֣ȷʵַһ
ħȫɢǿƥֱַǧ֮ԶֹסŲ
ħ鲢ûжֵ֣Ļַ϶Ӳ
֪ǵħǲ½ǿǿҲ޷ǵģİٶħ飬ħһ͹ħô½һأңħôİٶħأҪңһɱģ
ħַ磬һֲɣС
ַûлشħ⣬ǵĵ㿴Ҳһ񾳽ħ飬ħʴħûʶģȸңΪʶ㵽ʲôˣ
ħ㣡شҵ⣡
ַ粢ûлش𣬶ýͷųħֵǿϢ
ħֵİеħ鶼ȫԵѹƣȻħʶҲӲħѹơ
һİϢַϱԶħϯȥ
ħܵħֵ֮дһǿҵĳĤݵĸоĵȽȽ
ħħ㡭㵽ʲôˣ
ħɫ󾪣ȫǾ֣Щ
ǰħ黹һʶħ飬һǵߣÿ쿿ǵϵħάԼΪħ˿̸ܵǰϵϢЩħıԴɢħǵɢħһģһ
ʲô˲ҪڿԸңʲô˰ɣ˭ӵеʶ˭ӵпԴɷ֮֮к𣡡
ħ־ʶô϶ڱΪħʶ˾һǿ
ħ鲻ش뽫׽ȥľǰˡ
ַһħѹ£ħ鲻ĵǰǵ̽ߣһ̽յʱħɱ٣걻ǿħɣʣµ£ҾͲ֪ˡ
ʮǰˡʨħϵָҵļ䣬Ҽ﷢һУ֮ұħ֮飬ʱʮһħ飬ӵмħ飬˸ĻᣬѡЧˡ
뽫еħ鶼ָ䣬ԼҪָ䣬ҪЩ鵽ľſԻָһָҪǳõʱ䡣˾Ϳʼڵ񣬶㾹Ȼħȫɱ˸ճؾ͸Ӧħ˴ɣԾ鿴֪ɱħ飬һὫʬΣ


ʱôһֱҲħħֺ;ħڣǱħеġʨħˡ
ַħҪˣ
ħڡɷ֮ۡǸܲסɷ֮Ĺôˣ
ǰ£ħҲˣȥˣȥˣɱ࣬ϵħ˵ĻԼûжֵԼȥȥ㱨£ô죿
ħˡ
ַЦõģǲɷ֮ģȥˣ
ܣô᲻ɷ֮޷ɷ֮
һ룬ַѾ嵽ɷ֮֮С
ħĿڴַ簲ȻĴɷ֮֮к𣬶Щɷ֮ƺǳϲַƵģΧַ߲ȥ
⡭ôܣѵ㣬һطˣ
ַһ㶣ʲôطģ
ħ򡣡
ʲôħ򣿣
ħħôô
ħҲ̫һ˵ǴħġðɡȻܰȻĴɷ֮УҴȥҵ˰ɡ
ħַУߵɷ֮˵ٶȺӰ죬֮ɷ֮׷ɢΪóһĵ·
ħ񾳽磬ַٶȣǷɵĺ
һ룬ħ鿴ַһ˫׵ĳһ½ħ˦˺档
ħʹ׷ַ磬Ǹ׷ϣַƲһ˿ȣȻǰħ˦˺档
֮ħ׷ַ磬ȫַܸٶȡ
ħľתַжϣԼڤħٶȱתķٶǿһ㡣
Խߴɣɷ֮Խַܼ緢֣Խϣɷ֮ĸԽСһԽķʽȥǣӶݡ
ȫٷ˰Сʱַ֮翴ĸֻ﷽Բɷ֮Ѿֳһֹּ״̬ɷ֮ȫںһַоЩɷ̺֮Ҳס
һɫ¥ƯԶƾֹڻƶַҲ
ǧ׷Բ㡣
ַĽӽַ翴˹ȫò
߰ϣȫһɫɣʣСٻֱ治塣
ʮ֮ûκɷ֮ӽÿɷ֮ӽоĳֿ־һ㣬뿪
ɫųħַ֮ڡ
ַ֮翴˼ʮħһɴɫţһˮ֮Уֻ¶һԴЩħԴ֮Կٱ飬Щӽʵʻ
ÿħ鶼˫Ŀգƺհɫ
ַʶ̽⣬ͻȻЩյȻ֮յ֮ǳССַڵ֮֮һûУȻСַ绹Ǹоˡ
ħַСҪߡ
ħԷַʶ̽ˡ
ЩħһֱڰҲᣬȻΪ˶ԼˣȻõġ
ڶ㣬Ҳһ޴ĳӣĶҲǴɫҺ壬һ㣬ɫҺܶȸࡣ
ַû⣬Ǹħ㡣
ħվĴſڣޱȵĵˣҵ鵺ħ֮£ѾˣһΪѾˡ
ࣿһ󻺻ĵһ˽
ˡ
ħȥ
ʱյĴԶѿһ϶ֻһͨ
ַ룬սȥصĺϡ
ǰһտĴܵɫâռյһƬհס
ţַоһѹǵģѹ˿ַľѾʶַѹˣ϶񾳽ϵˣʶԳַ磡
˳ѹԴͷȥ׿⣬ģһߴʮ׵ľ޴ĳªַ硣
ַĶͷֱ亹ַˣǴȫ£ַ綼֪ĹʲôӽƷġ
ߴʮϣʱڵأվ߶ȿʮ֮ϡ
ʨβûͷʨıһ޴Ļˣʨһһ㡣ͷ֮ȴֵĳֻâϬţǣ
˹ʨϬţĽ壡ôصѵǻ¡Ĳĸ߿Ƽ񾳽ô
ûǰ񾳽ǿߣתǿߣ
ѵǡ
ħ͵ȵħ
ַͽ뵽һ𣬵ȻǼħģڽµħ²¼
͵ȵģתǵ͵ȵô
϶ǣߵȵģǺǡһѾһռתµ顣
ַ
ǧǰħǱɱôͨҲסôôħ
ǧǰռ;ħڼƣ©֮ҲӦõģΪȫɱһʣôǶҲĵط϶ܻ
Ȼħôһп϶ǰλйأ
￴ַ㵵ģ˿һЦ
ַȶƽĵЦʲô
ûͨӮһżͻŵξʧ룬ƨȴûС
˵ǳŤѧ˵ĺһ㡣
ַĨһѺħɣ
Ȼһ۾ͿĳѵҲħңôΪϵˣ
˵ȻЩ
ħַƣ¸ˣֻϵ࣬ħ
ôо˵ɷ֮ϢҲֻӵеɷ֮ħ˲ܴɷ֮֮к㲻ħʲôѵħĺӣ
ַĨһѺħĺӣ찡
ַ粻һǸ
һĵĸоַĵ׷𡭡
ַĻеõһϢɷ֮ѵԼ֮ɫǵɷ֮
ַ֮ڵһ֮ʵ£˵ĵɷ֮
찡
Ｄվţ޴۾Ķַ磬Ͱ͵ĵ㡭㾹ȻȻôۺĵɷ֮
찡ϲ԰Ϊʲôôƽ
ͻȻ㴷أһ󶶶
ۺַֻ̾һ˿֮ۺôȫŪ᲻ἵʵײ
ַô˵ɫɷ֮
ǣ϶ǣ϶ħˣ
ַҡͷҲǣֻһ࣬ɷ֮ġ
ɶ˵ɶģ
ַͷ
찡Ϊʲô찡ذΪʲôôΪʲôҳأҪ⣬Ҫ⣡
Ｋȷ
ַ纹գ⡭
ôĳ̶ɷ֮;ܷǳǿַ磬һҪɷ֮ôʹã
ý˵ַҲҪ
֮޴ַ翿ַʮ֮״ͣգŴ۾ɵĵࣿûƭң
ַ̯˫ٰ֣㿴ħˣ
ǹͷħôߴ䣬Ӣ󣬿϶ģ²ģħĻ˳ª࣬Ҿɱ㣡
ַˡ
ߴ䣿Ӣªַ翪ʼЩθˡ
˵ûһ˿϶ǳªΪСΧ࣡ħ˵ǹħǵ綼ħԣĳ֣ͱΪª
ַס
ħɱģڽ⡣
ǵģȫɱġ
亮⣬ܿ侲ɱİħ飬ôܣѵǲŶɱô
ַ練ʣզ֪Σ
ʲôһ
㲻ŶɱӢ䣬Ϊⶼܲ³
ײǽĳ嶯࣬˵㵽ʲôЩħ飡˵
˵֮ɱڣַоʵûɱ⡣
ӦúϤɣ
ͷųħֵǿİַ磬ռ֮ʱħӿ


347 ԿǵͰ
㡭㵽Ǻˣ
˿̹ٴ𾪣ΪǰϵħǳϤұԼյħҪħֵ
ѵ
Ƕ˵Ĵô뵽һϲ֮ɫһ䡣
ԣǶ˵ĺˣôôСڵΪ
˵㵽ʲôˣҪݣƭңҰ˺Ƭ⽴ԣУڵħȫɣ
⣬ַ粻ûشǰתǿߣ㽣鸽壬ȫҲδǶԷĶ֡
һʼʱַûжɱģڣַɢųħ֮ɱģ
ַ룬ħħϳģ￴Լħ֮ɱԼ
ԣ˵Ҫڵħ֣ô֪ħ֣ħܣħļħͼ֪֪֮⣬û֪飡ħħУô֪
ħкõģҲлģģҲзЩߵġħħսħǧħǰħ˵ģ鱾ż޻ħ˺ħһģʱÿħ˺ħһˣħ˺ħ˵Ļüˮ¼ݣռԣ֮Ϊħףʱħ˰ٿѱ棡
ַ˼˵ǰħǰħЩħ֮еһ
жһĿܣҪȻô֪ħħֵ£һֱҪЩħɵģǷǳŵǾ仰ħ֣ķӦ̽㣡
ַ翴Ź侲ĵڻشµ֮ǰܲȻشҼ⣿
ʣӴӲѵģòҪǰˣʲôﱾ֤һַݣȻַʣҲַ֪Ҫʲô
ַΪλ¿ǧǰħս֮дħ
Сӣ㻹֪Ĳ٣Ǵǧǰħս֮лġʲô⣿
ħ飬ҲǸİɣǵʶҲǸ»ָİɣ
ǣûŶһ˵Ӿٸһǧʱ䣬Ὣ֮ϵħȫͳһ޵еħΪǻָ䣬ָ壡֮ɱ磬ЩԴͰ
ԴͰһ
ַʵô˵Ǻ;гˣ
ߣֹгǲݵĴӵǺε磬һΪѾﵽ磡˰̣ЩȴͻȻ꣬ӵֵһӵǰȴΪһս֮б϶ˣΪ־磡˵ܲôα飬޳ܵ񣡣Ǹˣ˵ѣȫʵȭͷ˵Ȼǵ浽޾ɱ¾Ǵô޳ܣӻǧ꣬ûб˳ôһΣ˵ܲôһ죬һɱ磬Щαȫɱ
ӹЩַѾ֪ǵħħ˵ģһ͵ħǱ۴Ϊ½ѡ
ȻҲǰ˲Ƕ˵Ĵ˵Ļ϶֪Щ飻֪ЩĻ϶֪Щ£Լݣ
ȷҵʲôأַʽ飬ħĲ˵ô
ᣬҵǳϣǴ˵ѣ˵һһ˵Ƕκ϶ǣ
ַʽ飬Ŷ᲻ȥ罫ЩԴͰ
ᶨĵᣡ
ַ
ףˣħһеͳ죡
Ѿģ粻˵
Ҳ˵ħ˵ħǧλˣǵĳһֻܿϢȥֱ棬Ȼҵļǿǧ꣬ȫסôֻԼסһΪ˾ŮħΣҾħƨɺ濳һΣҵϿһ£ˣҲ°̺ۣղҿƨɺİ̺ۣԣϳһܣħעĲλǡƨɣ
ַ糹
ַĹעһƨɣȻһ׶೤ĺɫ̺һڰ׺ƨϡ
￴ַ綢ƨɣʧ룬æβ
ŭʲôû˧𣿣
˧磿ַ˲佩Ż
ַ绺һԼĵ飬ĵڿԻشˡ
һ㡭֪ҵ֣ôܣѵѵѾ˶˵ȫС


ַ΢ЦȻô֪ݣˣҵһħ˵أΪȡħħֺ͵ھħ
Ƕ˵Ĵߣڵȵˣ
ҵȴǧ꣬εˡ
۰ҿˡ

Ц죬㴷أ˷ܵĴ˻һ軼߷һ㡭
񲷢ӲַͣһԱɫ࣬š
ٺ٣ԽˣϲҶˣ˷ܺͼǲǺ˧ǰŮѾ˵ϲ˷ܺͼӣȻһ𼤶˷ܡ
ַ糹ױ
ֻ֮һϸϸĵ֪Ϊ˵㣬Ѿȵǧ꣬ˣħ˵ֻҪˣͻָҵĹǧ֮ڻɱ磡Ȼ㳤ĳ󣬵ǳûйϵԺٿͺãȻʵǶ˵ֻҪɹĻȡħ֮󣬾ͻ޵УȻ࣬ⲢûйϵΪħ˵Ĵߣйͬĵˡ
ַ˹ֵֹƤɫҰףæǸɶȻħĴߣӵħѪڵĹ޷ΪָȻҳĳ󣬵Ҳλ˧˧硯ɱ磬㣬һûϾ磬ͷ㡮̫˧ˣ̫ˡڼĽ֮аɱȻһħ֮оͷǳߵõħźĸ㣬û޵С
ַĻʱ޿̶ڴˣ֪Լ̫Ŀ̫޷ЩС֮УȥĻͻΧ
ָһİɣȻ˵㣬ûģȻҵĹ޷࣬ǻΪǵӻǿԵģһͲ໳ˡ
ַ۾һȷԣиתǿ߰ԼԿԺɨ½ǿߣ
˵ţ޴һ󶶶ۿɼٶڿСһֻ׵Ľɫʨӣ
ǻͷʨβڻͷͷϣʨ֮ϲ˽ɫƬβа׶೤
ͷβЭȥݣʮ㣬óªϡеһ㣡
ַ۾Цãˣõҷǳ⣬Ժ͸һɣҴӦ㣬һһɱ磬ɱЩ飬ǵԴͰ
仰õͬ˻һãʱҪʮͰһͰ
ַ룬Ѿôƨô
ѵͰղػŪ
ҵͰ
˵צһǰٸӲӵͷǣɢǿϢЩͷǵ򦶼ͷǸǡ
ַ纹գνͰһװ¡
飬ΪʲôЩͷǽɫģ
Ǹ߽ͷǣҲǴﵽͷǣ
ַһһɱô
˿ַ𾪵ıǳ⣬ôɱ鲻°⼸ˣҿǵԴͰǣ㿴ĸͰˣѡһ͸㡭
ַæҡͷ
鼱æַ磬׳հѡͷǣڶ˵Ǿ
ǣʲôã
һЩҩװ֮ʱõ
˼ַҡͷǳˬʲô˼ЩͰİ֮Ǵʵ͸㣬㾹ȻҪ
ַ缱æЦҪҪôصĶҲ˼ȥܶѣȻҪңôܾܾأ
˺αҪƫƫαѣԺǰһףԼһɣ
ַĵܲܶ
̰ıʣֻһ
ַ纹գһǬ
ַˣܸ˵˵Ϊʲô𣿻йҸ׵һ¡
Ȼԡ㸸ף㸸ǣ
ħ
Ȼַ粻ʵǴ˿̸Լĸ׾ħ˾ԻصĸԼ޶ģ
֮ЩԭǶ˵Ķӡò﷢ģһЧ㣬ˡʲô֣
ַһѺҽַ硭
ɣΪħĶӣôô֡

˵׷ɱħħһ֮Կǧ飡ߣߵĹ֮Χֻӳһӵռɷ֮֮УطͨħһͨǵʱͨѾû޲ҸӲȥֻʱﰲһɷ֮Ҳûа취ӽɷ֮ģҾͶ֮ħˣħ˵ҪԼĵħֺ;ħӡҺúõıͿܷӡ֮󣬾ŮҺ;ŮһܣŮӡҲӡҲҷӡ档
;Ůܣַ籾ҪʣֱͣϲŮ϶˵˲˵Ļŭ˾ŮԾŮŽӡġ
ǧ̽̽գٶ֮ǰһǿȡ˷ӡ֮Ҿͳˡӡȡ֮̽߷̽ԽԽ࣬һ죬ұˣһɱ˼ʮˣϢǴ˳ȥԽԽǿǵѰɱңһֱɱ
ռǳСûҵĶ֣һ죬һԳʥصǿ飬Ҵˣӵɷ֮֮вűס鵱ʱûߣǷħӡǿħӡǵصɷ֮ŷӡڶ̶̵֮ħӡһȱڣҲӣҲĶ֣ÿζӣҲǺ۾սʱˣܱһС۸ô
ɷ֮ƿħӡʱħһ˳ȥ鿴ħ֮ǿħֶǿգ֮ħֳ֣ޱǿħɢ޾ħӦħֵǿ󣬵ֲգǹ֮ȫħֵʽȻ෴Ȼղˡ鷢֣ħ֮¾Ȼڵ֮£鼱æſħ֣ʱͻȻִħ֡
ħ֡
˾޴һţһɫĹâ˳ɫâƽ棬ܲκεѾȫʵʻַоߺȫסһ㡣
˵ħֵȫԱħԣ
ֵַĵħֵûʲôͻЩΪβħֵ
ͻȻŭΪʲôˣ˴ӦħҪúõıħֺ;ħĵôħ˸˴˵ѣҲƭˣûбþħѾˣħ֣£˻ô
ַ


348 ħһ
ħ˵ѵһֳ裡ҴӦ˵κ¶ȥһħ˵ƭ˵ĻôħͻᱻħȺ֮ħ򣬲ǿʳ
ֵ壡˵ѣõôַԼ
ַ缱æ˵ǸˣԲҲġôְػħħ֣лл㡭
лӦõģŶˣϻ֮ǰȸ㣬Ժʲô㶼Ҫƭңʲô£»С£ƭһ䣬뿪㣡
Цô
У
ǺãˣԺԲƭ㣡
ħûַüģ鿪ʼֻħֲֵַա

ַ翪ʼͻƣ赲ͻƣ
ַһֱͻƵԲľͣ
ַоȫȵѾ֮
ͻַ֮ûκα仯Ϊַ͸ܹ
ַЩŵĶ˵ôɣһͻʮλ
˵ʮʮôǸţһκ˱չϰ꣬һֱӴʲôͻƵ񣡶棬ǵǿߣһڲתʲôֵýģ
ɶʲôͻƵһ𣿣
ִŭҵĻô
ѵģˣ
ԣҲʵ
ַʱЩɥܿ컺˹ôˣħ񶼿ɱӳᳬԽ񣡣
ǹַ磬Щַ̽ԣַ翪ʼıЩɥЩʧ漴ַֿ֮ȼŵսĵ˵ͷ


ЩƵĵħڱʥʥˣǿħˡ


ַİɣ飬뿪½֮ǰһõħڣ
ħַ֮ѯʹڵɷ֮Ҳ֮顣
ַûˣеĵɷ֮˳
Ӵĵɷַ֮ȫַһ׾ˣ
찡ż񰡡żҪˡ
˵ȷҪˣǧֻ꣬ħϼôӴĵɷ֮
ַ缱æˣΣΣ֮ǰȸҵɷ֮к;
Ȼɶɶ;찡ӵôǿɶ;㲻֪
һȻͰ׳յıĿⶢַ磬һʨŤһš
ַ΢ŭҲǸôЩõģֻ֪ɷ֮͵һ֪
찡񰡡ȾҰɡ˽ôһˡ
񰡡ɱҰɡ
찡ذ񰡽˰죬ַ챻ˡ
ַ߹ȥһͷȴִ򲻹
ַ̣һֱ̣ʮӺ˲Žַˡ
ַĵˣ˵ôã
ʱһĵɷ֮ħɷ֮ħħɷ֮ǿɷ֮ħյ֮ɷ֮ħǿҲǿǿһ͡ħһĹߵһھŲ㣬Ϳ۰棡
ֻ磬Ϊˡħһ֪ôɷ֮൱ıԴǧ꣬ڵǿ֮а꣬ҵôһɷ֮ôɷ֮ͻƵ˶磡
˵ţ³һŵɷֻ֮ȭͷСһ㣬ûַϵĵɷ֮
ַȻôʹﵽ˶磿찡
ЩĽʵĵ˵ӵôɷ֮һԽħһ㣡ҲǵھŲ㡣
ַʵˣڼˣ
ħһ㣬һ˵ھŲ㣬ǣһò֮ħ̬֮һ֮ûκ;һᷴɸԼɷǳ鷳
ַʵʲô֮
˵ڵΪǲҪ֪ĺã֪ҲûáھͰֹ㣬ħһڿһȷӡˮԺ󵽴񾳽ͿԴ򿪷ӡͿˡ
ޣħ䣡ֹͻƵھŲ㣬ôͿͳһǵˣǡļ޷ħһ㣬߲ѣ
˵꣬żˮַ磬ַһץסһַԿݣһһƬڰ
ˣлл㡭
õлԽǿǵĶԽǿ󣡡
˵㻹ҪһĹңħؼҵİãϲղع
ϲղأҲйɣ
ִŭַ磡ҵĻô˵ħѣ
ַĨһѺ˼ҲģʱҪĹԺҪҪ
ַͻҪҪħһﻹʱĹ
˼Ǹ磬ֻҪΪﵽ񾳽֮еĹǹģʲôԽǿҶԽ㣬羴㣡磬Ĺ˽ԵǳսǸ౶ħҲΪ˹顣
ħļ޷ΪŴ澧ȥһѰ߹ǿͨ棬ϵۺۣʱǵ÷ۺϵ۴˸ƽ֣ǵϵ˴ĳЭ顣ħǵռ䣬ۺϵóؼǵ񣡶ʱۺϵҲҪǸĹȻһж³֮Ž
ǵȥ֮󣬽¹£ʱĴ֧֣񷴶ԡǷЧķϵãӵͨħǵ棡ⷴԵǧҲǵ棬ħ߷һɱУǺħ˱ǵħڴħħϳ棡ħӡסڣŮΪħѳ顭
ַʵΪʲôأ
˵بŴ˵һλϴܣǧ棬ʮС棬ÿ֮䶼澧ڸÿ涼Լ˭澧ڣݻһ棬ͻңʱ򣬴ܻǸߵ棡񷴶Եԭ򣡡
ַ֮𺳲ѣô棿
Ҹ㣬ַ磬Ǹһħǿʮϣֻ֮ͨгܲסһͨͨͻҪȻĻռ;ˣ
Ǹ涥һѵģǧƣħսʱֻͨҲܲסඥЩ棬ֻôʮħս֮ʱֻ֪͵ϮͰˣͷ¶βҳ
˵ĻһذַУСٻҲ𾪲ѡȻ˵Сٻ֪ħǳǿû뵽ǿĵز
ǲѵģ
ַʵȻĹǹģôϵۺۺڶҲӦõõˡһ͡ħһ˰ɣ
СٻҲôΪϵۺץһʾ֪ˡ
ҡͷΪħôôħ޾ɱ¾֮УһСҲǷǳȻݣüͷһ£ǵ˾ԲὫؼһˣϵ۵Э֮еĽҲԲֹ
ַʵΪʲôҪң
ܼ򵥣ΪӴĵɷ֮еɷ֮ˣħһ󶼻Ϊħħ֮󣬾ͻǵˣ
ַͻȻħǳħ
ѵҲΪַһ񺮡
İɣħبħѾħˣôȥħ
ħĻ㰲ġ
ǣ㽫ֹˣһɱ㣡
ַ絭Цţʱ򲻹أ
˵ڶͻħģħ֮Լͻ֪ôˣʱԲὫؼռˡ

ַֺ˽̸һ֮󣬿ʼоħһȥһȥˡ
ħһõɷ֮ÿһ㣬ͻǿ౶
תϵǿߣۼ֮ڣԽǿĻҲԽ࣡ŹνĹ
ַͽ顢Сٻ⹦оҹ
⹦ǳ죬ÿһ㣬ǿ屶ϣھŲӿֲͻƵھŲ֮ǿϵĻﵽһ߾磺޾磡Ҳ˵Ѿˡޡľ磡⹦ֲ̫ˣûôֲĹ
Сٻҿ⹦ھŲ㣡߲ʱҪǿǧҲ˵߲㣡ǿҪɱ̫࣬ὫԼѹƬռǿҲǶħ֮壬ǿ;Ҳ̹ŴŮ洴ħ;Ů־硣֮еĹڻϾǿǵԣʺǸĹʺ档
ҿԽǿٴθַ壡
СٻַѾͨ壬ֻľﵽתϲſԼԼʣô
³֣죡
ʲô
ַ粻⣬Сٻ˽˼
Сٻ˵ַ統һװȥƣ
ûҵ뷨
СٻæԹķʽȥˣʮа˾ŶʧܽԼŵǸˣҲ²ĥĺ֢Ϊ޷취вͨ
ǲУܵľħ᲻ôħ˵ǱħƵģħ˵Ķħ֮壡
ǳ
СţǲǴģš
鼱ˣСٻģһַ忪Цô
˵ôΪħģ
ҴǧħЩľƤϸȵȫﵽ˳ĳ̶ȣþħħ£ħ˵塮աħ֮壡
ǧþħࣿ
ַСٻ𾪵Ըӡ
¾ôˣȻǷǳңԶԺˡ
ַħһӵڶ㿪ʼͻı˵ԣҲħĶûô
ַҪٴȷһ¡
˵оַ粻ˡ
СٻҺСڣͷĵɡ


349 
ַϥħһһ㡣
һǽڵĵɷ֮һ˿˿ĵ֮õɷ֮ӦĻպ׳
ӵ꣬ѵģҪתϵǿ߲ſ˷ʧʷǳߣ߻ðǧʱŻὫһ꣬ȫתҪʱ䣬е˰ǧꡣ
תʮתһˮ룬ҲһǳԽĺ蹵ٷ֮ʮϵ鶼޷ľ硣
ַ˵ģںħһսصǳֱ֮ӽַȫ꣬ɷ֮ѾȫӦַַ꣬粢Ҫѵһ
ħһΪʮתϵǿ׼ģȻǰǱӵеɷ֮˿̵ַҪľͿ˶벻ģ˵뿴ŵһöá
ַ罫һķڻ֮ͨڵһ˿ɷ֮Լա
ԼȻһʹַѪҡҡ׹ʹȥ
ܵһ𵴶ˣ˿̣ޱǿĵɷ֮ʱӴַ϶ܲˡ
ǽСٻһֱעַһ£ַĳܲɷ֮ɵ˺ֱַ飡
޾֮µַصɷ֮˴𣬡ˣ⹦ô£㺦ң
Ȼע⵽ַҸоһʼһ׶Σԣĵɷ֮ȫ֮ڣ˵üСʱͿһ㣬֮лǳܡڳֵҲûм
ַǲǸĹֻʺǵࣿ
ַȥҲֻܡ
˵࣬Щħ鶼ǱħĴڣôܲⲻ
ֵַü֮γһ̫ͼ᲻Ӱ쵽˵ɷ֮
˵ӦòᣬҲüħһ֮ʱûκӰ죡̫ͼ̫ҵо̫ԲıԴ֮һЩ΢ϵ᲻֣
ַ̫ͼСٻ֪ô£龫ͨͼ̫Ҳоַ̫ԣֻǳ֮Ϊ˱ַɷ֮ɺѹƣַӲһ̫ͼ̫ͼһӡһ໥Ӱ졣
ͻȻðһ䣬ַ磬Ҫ꣡
ַһ㶡
ŭˣ㷢ʲô㶣㲻һŶ֮ҪĲսǿǱ˴Σ㾹Ȼң
ַֻ΢һ£ô
ַſ󿪣ðɣˣɡ
һȫ·Լչ˼飬ΣյģԷɱ㣬ֻҪһͻ飡
ַ統Ȼ˺Լַ꣬нڣһ˲˵ģ
ž޴ַǰë׵Ļצַ顣
һɹȵϢַĴ֮ڡ
ַо
˿૵ĵɷ֮һɱ¾ˣ̫ͼһһ㣬ûѭת˵ɷ֮ͽЩͬˡ
ô£Ӧûʲô⡭
ԣͻȻֽУַ磬ôһǣ
Ѿҵڣջؾצ˼Ŀַ硣
ַһս֮Уˣһǡ
˾ȵôܣΪǿĵطһ΢һˣǱ΢һ£ش˶áôһ飬˵Ե㾹Ȼûû£⡭ôܣ
ַǵʱ½᳤һսǿиɣȻܸˡ
ַ翴˵ˣԭ򣬵ԭҵܣҲܸ㣡Ҳѣ治ܸ㡣
˵ÿ˶ԼܣȻԲ˵ʲôϵԼ˽¼һңҲ˵
ַͻȻҲôִš
ǡַˣһħһô
˵Ȼ𣬵֮ѾᣬһѾֻ̣ȽʹˣֻҪܳסʹ࣬϶иѣ𣬵û˵ô࣬Ҳˡħһʱʱʹֻ֣ڶѡ
ʹַࣿʹôַÿһνǬȫκ֯ᱻռѹƬʹַ˵ѾΪһϰˡ
ַʮ㣬ҿͺá
һû˵أλʱ겻ȫ
ַһ±һˮ
ԣУһֹͣôĹΣգַҲҪðһԣ
˱˵ʲôǵߵĻȥ˵ͷû˵ʲô
Ϊַȱô඼϶µġ˵ˣħߣôġ
ַ־Сٻоַꡣ
鱾뷴ַһַô죿ôĹҲ֪ʲôЧ
ַСֻǵ˱ղŵһ˿ɷ֮֮еǧ֮һ󻺻תա
Źת֮һܵĴʹ
ַŭ𣬵ַֹ硣
ַӣֵɷ֮޷ںϣɷ֮ŭƺҪַһ㡣
ַ󾪣ҪһһȸԾһ˿ɷ֮ʧ
ɷ֮ˣ
ַ緢һǿյĹâַ꣬پƮƮɣһ̹
Уǳ֮ǳ֮
ûַŲס֮ʱַڵǳ֮ʱ֣õɷַ֮ںϡ
ַоһȦȱ֮ҲӵĿԡ
Сٻæе죡ǳڣںϣ
ַһ̹֮УʱСٻһʱʮ㣬ӿӴĵɷ֮ںϣ
һ㣡
ڶ㣡
㣡
Ĳ㣡
㣡
ǳ֮ʧַҲֹͣںϣ֮ĵɷ֮ʧ˽ķ֮һ
˿ַ̣оԼ׳ǧϣ˿ǰĹ쳣쳣ַʶһȻݣ
ַʶ֮ڣ֮һص㣬սַ綼һ
ַڿϲִ֮󾪣⡭ô£
֪ʶֻһָӦַʶﾹȻ˻棡
ѾϣѾԽʶ߾ˣħ˵ľ绹ߣ״Ҳû
򱶣ôֻоҵǧַ粻⡣
ֻǳƣܸΪһô࣬ܶطûпԭʼĻ״̬ԺΪһĸ߶ȣ֪꣬굽жǿˡ
Сٻʵʮתϵľ磬֮ԽľԽĿǰֻ꣬ҪȫȫͻƵʲô磬Ҳ󡭡Ȼ񾳽Ƚף̫ˣ棬ܣʵǸ磬֮󣬲ˣѹͻ֪ˡ
ԣСٻ˵ЩˣЩ»ַ֪ġ
ѹַҲûж롣
˿ַ֮ڵ̫ͼҲΪǧѾɢ룬ǰС
ַͻֱӴ֮࣬ĳֲֿһ˻š
찡񰡡ôܣûһӵʱͻ㡭
ż񰡣ɱҰɡ
ǹµһ
Ŀһĵ
һھŲ㣬ΪͳһĴܣ

ˡ衯һ㣬˷ܼĽʺޣһֱ˽һСʱͣ
һԵַ粻ͣĺֹˣԷ輸켸ҹ
侲ַˣôô㲻˵ǸŽǣҶʲôأڼôô


ȫ鴤ţǿѹԼЦ֪ɶ˵Ŷ࣬ʺã͵ҲһĹ֪ô֮£ǧ򶥼ͣڵĴΣ޷ͻƵᣡǼһͻƵʱ䣡㲻һʱͻǰ㣬ܲôܲ˷ôܲץôûĳ嶯ô
ַסˣþòƽϢԼĵ
ꣿʲôַ粻ţħĴڵ׶ˣ
˶ַ磬֪ж˰ɣǸ棬֮⣬ûͻƵ㣡ߴǿһ֮ͻ˵߲㣬Ķͣڵ㣬ѾǿռһˣԺֻҪ꣬׳ͺáҸұ֤һھŲ㣡һܳΪǧǿߣ
˵仰ַһ˷ܣַＤһһþòƽϢ
ʱˣɣҸû˵ĵط˷ȥˣ˷ĻŶҵΪá
˵꣬˾Ͳˣַʶһڼ޾ɷ֮֮зĴЦ
û뵽λôõĻò˶ãͻ񾳽ġϧǳ֮ʧ̫죬㶯ֵʱҲǧ֮һ룬ѾͻƵˡ
ַԣǳ֮᲻ٴγ֡
ַ˵ͿʼƾôŬ۳ܶʹ࣬ɷ֮޷ںϣǳ֮Ҳûٴγַֻ֣ܷ
򲻴鲻ڷܺŬܵõģҪԵ˵ˣô󣬰ٷ֮ʮ϶ûпҲûдô
ַͷ
ô󣬿ħֵˣȥ֮ռʯħ֣
ַһ󼤶ڿħֵˣ
ħ֣Ҫľˮʯ֮ǰַҲ̫С޷ħֵڣԿɣ
ַڵҲͻ𾳽磬ڿԽ򣡽ҲҪʯ
ַ緢ԼҪ·ǳࡣ
ַ׼뿪ʶѰҵֱ֮ߡ
ַҪߣ϶Ҫַߡ
˺ַɫ֮Уʶʮ񾳽ħ鼯
ʮúǰѴһġɷءеĵɷ֮ϾͿȥڶ㡮ɷʥءҹƵûеĵɷ֮֮󣬾Ϳҽ̸ǵط³ˣԲɱȽϿ죬¾ͿԳͣһ֮ڣǵͻͣǵ񾳽ȫںϣȫں֮󣬾ͲҪħάˣ浺ħˣңסûУ
סˣˣ
ʮħ˷ǳһļ
ַмѣʮħ飬֮ҵǿˣҪһ꣬ʱҲ̫˰ɣ
ַ壿ˣ㿴ûã
ʱַóһƿȪˮˡ
ƿ֮һɹɴɢռ䡣
ǡⶫһʲôأôǿĶǸҲǳ
ŬĻʲôȷһŶ
ַȪˮ


350 ĸ
һϲҼˣ֮о½Ŵҩ֮һȪˮ
ˣˣЩұ֤ǴԳֻ֮ҪȪˮ꣬ǵͿȫͣе٣һĻ͸ˣ
ַʵҪ٣һǧƿ
ɶ˵ɶһǧƿ
ַǡ
˸ոռŭûоͲҪ˵ѵˣ㿪ЦУ㲻֪ôοȪˮķϣһζѣԭˣߺߣҩһƿͲˡ
ַٴ
ҵ˼ˡַҵ˼ǣбһǧƿ࣬ܶܶ࡭
˴ŭҪǿַѾʮ̳Ȫˮ
ż񰡡찡
˵ġ衯ּ
ַͣͣͣУ㲻Ҫټˣټ˷ܣһƿˣ
ޱȼ˷ܵıһ½ӲϣʨŤһţޱȵܺͺʹࡣ
ԣǿѹԼ죬͹ֽеַ磬ִүҴ˻ôҲ˷ˣҲˣȪˮɣֻҪһƿ͹ˣһҾͿԳˣʱǶΪ
ַ翴˼ȼ˷ܣһֱı÷ǳЦ
ţһ̳ƿ˰ɣɡ
ַǳ󷽣Լ˿϶Ҫ󷽣
üЦǸɶַ磬ܸһ̳ô֪ҵ϶ĵأһֱá
ãһ̳Ļʮ̳㶼ȥðɡ
˼ֱԼĶ䣬ַ̫ˣ
ͻȻڵأַ硭ҲˣˣشӦ
Ĵǧĸлκ鶼޷һ󵨵ľԺԼҪַ磬βˣοַпܳΪԺ֮񣡸ˣ۹
ַˣ㲻˵ôôˣ
˼æ˵ˡħһͳħˣԴҶԼˣҶħĶӣұҪһս磬㣬ҵҲӦõģ
Ȼַûгħ£Ѿˣħ羴ľǿߣħˣΪħǿЩħԲħ졣
˿̵ַ磬ħһѾ˵㣬֮ǰ;޿ǿߣһ룬˷ˡ
ַðɣҳȥðҵҲӦ
ַӦһ󼤶׼֮ʱַһĿֻܱסϵıٴνӲϣ沿ٴŤ
ַҳȥ֮ĵطܿ˵ô
ףˣ
׵ģ˵ᱩ¶ݣ
ˣǲǩԼΪԼħЧģǸǲҪԼƵġ
ַûдǩʲôԼ
ָħ齻һȻַ뿪ɷ֮ķΧ
صĪƺͺߣĪһֱħ֮һĬĬķ
á
ַں¶
硭
תͷַǳģܿĿƶַԱߵϡ
磬ʲô·ǳĿˣôϲʲô
ˣյޡԺһֱһ𡣡
磬ôգŴ۾ַ磬һ˿⡣
ŮӣСŮϲȽë׵Ķȫë׵ģһʨһ㣬ϵƬڳë¡
ðɣϲ˺ġ
ҧ˰ɣ¿ˣ֣Щµ˻
ģôô۸һ޴СŮأôɰһСŮǰɣˣ
仰Ƕ˵ģ˵һ
ǵǶǿߣҪһСŮµһ룬ȫżƤ
ޣϲ˻˵Ļ鸧ģһܵĹϵǱŶԼİ⣬˲ޡ
¿ʼŪȫģץͷϵʨëʹק
˿Ҫˣֻš
ף磬˵βͺƯôƨûëи̺ۡ
ƨɣ
ħעĲλƨɣ
ֱҵĺһ˿Уˡ
Щίĵ磬˵ƨɲÿǲˡ
ַں¶ߵסʲôǧƨɣƨɡ
¸оǳ֣۷Ź⣬ǳϲˡ
ıô
Ȼԣ
²ȥһȥˣĲֺп಻ԡ
ֻţַԼˣ˵ܲô
ַǵϴһ£ҪڵĪƣĪһֱַһԻ
ܿ죬ʱһŶ޾ħӿĪƵڣĪͻƣͻʥ磡
ĪƵͻҲû٣
ַǵãǰĪƵʱΪֻһתǵ֮ǰĪƵΪתԣô̵ļʱ䣬ôͻƵʥ
ĪѪħġѪħ󷨡˵ľѪȥ߻һֱӵİ취ջ˵Ѫİ취죡Īһֱûѡİ취ĪƺһʱÿɱһˣĪƾͻᰵյǸ˵ľѪɱʮǿߣٷ֮ʮϵľѪĪưˣѪħǿطħĪͻʥĪѡʳѪĻ͵񾳽ˡ
ַȻĪƵȻĪûȥʳ˵ѪҪȻַ綼֪ôȥĪˡ
û٣Ǻǣһħ߶ʱٵģȵȫô֮󣬾ͻһƽ٣ŹȥˣŲȥ
ȪˮҲָ࣬ҲµĹϵҲԽԽáÿϣ߶һѳԵģȻǺΪ׼ġ
ЩԵģȻ˶ϲԣǺµľ׼͹еİ˸жš
ÿζʳԵĸɸɾȺ²ע⣬ֶһµһɶ
˲빼µ⣡úѹ
˾뿪ǵ
ַҪΪѰҾľֲϣ˳Լ
ȵһжַ֮پ𣡣
ַٴγ˱ݣȻһǸıòַѾһתתĴڣ㱩¶ݣַ˭£
ֱַ𹫻ᣬֱȥҷԺ
硭
ַ硭
ˣ
ͷһģַʮ¡
ҿַĪưȻжǳǺܿ죬˵Ŀ
ַ缱æʵأôʣʮ
һλֵܶźʥŵϳȫɱˡ
ģַλֵܷģò˶ãҾͻźʥŴӴ˴ʧ
һλʱֵĸѾˡ
ַ󾪣ô£
ʱ磬Ҷ֪ˡԴӶ½Χ˴ĪƵԺźʥŷųĸַѪħ˵Ϣ϶½ɽĳǡʵΧĸȫƴѪħҪǴϵȪˮһµսĸֵסΧ
ַ缱æʵҲûĸߺϢ
Եߺͺˣ⼸½ѰǵϢдϢ
ߺͺû£İ
ַЦáܺãţʥţ
ַҧгݣַһᱨֵܳʲô£Ϊֵᣡ
ϣֵܺȵĴ
پ磬һΪ˸ȥֵܼ죻ڶֵط֮ϲá
ڶ죬ַĪ뿪иչˡ
ֱַ𹫻ᣬɯ
ִʦþòǺǡɯЦĺܹ죬ַ磬ƺֿһѽɽ
ɯ᳤ԽԽˣǺǡַ絭Цš
ºֱַóһŵӣɯ᳤Щ㿴ҵ
ɯӵ֮һ΢ЦӲɫһ԰ֻ֮޾ϲá
ַɯģƾֲϣݡѪǺ;ǡ
ɯֲ쳣أִʦҲֲ֪ϲռֵģȻ
ַɯĻֱӵ㣬лûУ۸⡣ô
ַϻɯûвģָɿĵһе΢͵ԣִʦˬ죬Ҿֱ˵ˣ𹫻дȻҲֻһţ𹫻ҩĵҲм¼һλǰУҲŪһݣھûУǵĵˣҩУǲģǺǡھѪǺ;ǣûС
ַãݺ;ҪˣǮ
ɯЦĺίָͣڵţǵϲ˵ˣֻҪִʦóƿȪˮˡ
ɽ
ɯû뵽ַôˬ죬Ȼ֪ƿȪˮַʲôҪƿַҲõĳ
ãʮ֮ǵĻᵽ
ˣһ£ҪƷʯԽԽãþƷʯж٣һ٣Ҽá
ַþƷƷϰƷʯѾƷʯħô½ûж٣𹫻Ҳò١ƷʯҲǳϡУ𹫻һ˵ʲô¡
ɯһãһ֪ͨܲ
Ǻǣִʦ̸ˬ졭
˴˱˴ˡ
ʮַ֮õ˾ݺ;һžƷʯƷʯԻ۶𹫻߿νռˣһʦʮƷʯҲ첻һžʯ𹫻ߣΪַӼ۵ģַûУһڴӦԴӺɯַ粻ܴСⶼһڴӦδּۻۣ
ѵַԩͷô϶ǣֻ˵һܣַ粻ںôʯ
𹫻ΪԼռ˱ˣַҲΪռ˱ˣ˫ΪԼռˣҶˣ
ܿ콫ƷʯƳٿžƷʯַȥһ
ɯٿžƷʯ֮һˣǧƷʯ𹫻϶õóٶҲҪﱸʱ䣡
ַɯһʱ䣡
ɯ֪ͨϲ֮ϲ㶯Աħô½зֻΪַռƷʯһʱ䣬ǧƷʯڵ֣
ǧƷʯַ֮ҪɯһƷʯ
ɯֵʱֱˡ
һڣǧѾ𹫻еƷʯѿˣмʱټС̻ġ
ַ磬ҪƷʯĻٵһ꣬ǰľƷʯ֮ǾͻӵдƷʯʱٸһ
ַ֪𹫻ľƷʯ϶ħô½дļֵ϶һԶԶĳԽƷʯַûôʱ䣬Ҳô鷳ȥ
ǺˣҪƷʯ
Ʒʯ𹫻ֻٸַҲһȥˡ
ַҪǾʯħ֣
һʱ䣬ʯƳʮƷʯǳɹֻаٷ֮ʮУٿžƷʯʮƷʯ
Ϊ񽳾ĶʦʮƷʯµʯûʧʣǶʮƷʯҲаٷ֮ʮʧʡ


351 ǲϹ
ַڱչ֮ǰ
ˣҪչˣһҪ°㡣
˵˵ɣеĻţǡ½û˰첻£ʥǸϲɱңҴ򲻹ҳϣӣû赲סң
˲ǴţȻǲѵģϣȷûܵסһתǿߣ
ַĸϢҲ֪ߺҶܺҵʮλȥѰǵ䣬Ƕ˴
ַҲĪһȥ飬ݱ¶Ļֻܶ鷳˵ַڼֻܸ𣡣
˿̣ѡ˾ħô½췭ظ£
ƲŴͣôһ˾͹ˣҪô¸ЩֻΪҵĸֻۣҪ˻ţһܽҳ
ˣ
ȵȡ
ַ籾˵صԸһˣѾӰˡ
ַ翪ʼʽչء
ѵĹȻǽΪַ֮ڣַֻܵʹ֮ڵַֻ𣬲δﵽꡯľ硣
ַܶʱ򶼾ãԼǿģһֻεĴڲٿһУַŽ飡
Сٻ˵ΪһߣõľǴеδԼħ߱ǿԭ򣬽еĴȫ֮ʱЩȫԼ
ǳ֮ıַʺ͵ַתƵһֻҪַǳ֮ȻƿһУ
齫ʮƷʯʮƷʯ
ַһԹһ㣬ۿ͸Ž齫һʮƷʯ֮еĽš
Ĺ̷ǳʱһʮƷʯűȫգɹ
ʧʷǳߣȻǶʮƷ֮µʯ˵ʮƷʯ;ûʲôţûʧʵġ
ǽһʮƷʯ֮󣬽ҪһȦܶȸӵܼ
һһ
һ㣬ȥһʱ䣬ȥٶʮƷʯ
һڽϣַʹ֮󣬽ȫܼļһ𣬿Ըǧ׾룡֮ڵศɣǿ޾ŷȣѡ
ַо˿̣֮һȺʥɱ
ַ飬ڵľ磬ܽڼ㣿
Ҳڵתľ磬Ԥܿɡ
ţǽڶöã
ʱ䡣
ַýֹͣ飬ҪȥˣǻҪԺ˵ɡ
֪ħ֣Ÿʵħĵ֮ڵûʲôͻҵģľͿԡ
ַһ㶡ҲУ
϶УֻҪ˹ħ־ͿԣȫҪ꣬Сٻûʲôµġ
š
ǣַͽַֹæڵħ֡
ַ罫ʯ֮󣬽ʯڵ֮ڣħա
ħ˽֮һɫĹ߽ɫһʮƷʯȫ֮ı˰ɫ
ڶʮƷʯħ֮ħѾɢɫĹâһֱַħʮŽʮƷʯ֮ħֽޱܼĽ
˿̵ħ֣һȭͷСĽ龲Ĵַĵ֮ڣ֮ڰַ綼ȥ⣡
ַ翪ʼħֵҪʮƷʯ
ʮʮƷʯ֮󣬡顯񱻰һ㣬СһȦ
ַһŽɫŴС죬ܿ죬һűַԼ
ַһİš顯ַ֮оɫѾﵽתҲ޷䡣
˿ַ̣絤ڵȭͷСĽ飬С֮һ
ַ飬ַýĵַԽħ֣͸оħڵԽԽǿ
˿ַ̣ǰһأڵȴַھ
ַΪ˸о֮ʱСٻʵħֵѹħ֮ǰȫѹ꣬ѱħ֣ħֵҲľˮħѹǷǳǿԽľԽǿڶѹĻħֵͿֱʹãûľ磬ǲѹģҪȥȵ絽֮ѹ
Ϊʲôҵת֮󣬾ˣ
СٻΪľת־Լľ磡ҲֻתȫʹãΧʹòˣǿʹþͻɣٸӣһֱˮͰֻװһͰˮҪװͰˮǿ϶װˮͰˮˮͰԿƲˮˮͲˮͰĿƷΧˡ㵤ڵڵжǿ󣬶ľˣ
ӵдʮƷʯԿԽ㣡ľƣƲֻܽڶѣϵȻѾһתȫһһɱ˹һһѵһָֻȥɱˣܣҲûı£ԣҪħֺǿҪϵ
ַĵҵľôÿʮң
Сٻ죡ľս֮л۵ľ飬ħֻ߾ħ֮ħֻ߾ħΪýȥģѾΪһϰߣľȫһֱĩõ
Ҳס
ַȷףַоԼһжȥƵģַ˿ȴܸתľԼġ
ðɣҾٸӣʾʱ򣬾ڡھĸֶսڶսĹ֮УѾ֪ĸھ磬ֱ־ѾԲԼ֪ľڵʱսʥǿߣеĸ;飬Ѿõֻûȥȥȥͻƶѣ㾲ıչȥԿԾĸ򵽣һͻƣľȥչأһֱûͻƣ㶼ǽ˾ħħֵΪýȥͻƣѾγһϰߣԣÿεõħֻ߾ħ㶼ͻƺü㣡
£ַˣԼǳߵʱ򣬵ȷǽԼͻƵģ֮ԼԽսɱ֮ʱʵѾڲ֪֮л˸ߵĸ򣬵ЩѹţԼûȥͻƣȻҵħֺµľħͻͻƣ
õСٻַָչء
ַչԼʥֵĳ档Դַڵ֮ʱͺͼʥ֣ɱʥ֮ħô½ɱ˼ʥĻʱ֮£ޱĳַԺ
ʥʥĸѾַԺ
֮ǰַûĶڣЩֵĻӰƬһַԺַоĪ˷ܺͼ

֮һַͻƣʥһת
ͬʱҲ򵽵ڶ㣡
ڳʥˣַޱȼ
ڤ͸ַԺͻȻһ⣬顭
ңĺۣûϢҪ˯ˣСٻ
ðɣ磬Ҵˣ˯ɣǺñӡ
Сٻַ磬ʲô£
ַȻħֵҲܸоħֵĽĽǽȻ෴ô£
СٻǡħֵǰҲǡʥ͡ħĹϵͻת֮ٸɡ
ַ罫Ϥ֮󣬳ء
ճأ˳ַǰ˵ĺץ˵ʨëˣ
ַ翴ˣһϲ֪ѾԼˣ
ˡ
żģֵû£Ǹˡ
˻û˵꣬ѾûַӰ
ַʶɢţҵ˺λá
ܡ
硭
һܱþ֮ŷ˿
磬ĸ󡭡
ַһ˿⣬ĵ֪ò˶þͻᱨвΧĸҶԶʧ
ַĳŵ
صĵͷ
ַʵʦôˣ
𣬿¡
û£ȥ
ַأˡĪơԡȫߵķ䡣
ߵƵȷǳأ֮ѾǣȪˮάܣѾˡ
˿̵һֲһ㣬ԶȪˮάܣҲ£
ַʽ飬ô죿Ҳûа취
˼֮ŵ취Уİ취ǲõĺã˺γһ¡
ַŭʲôƨȻа취˵
ߵֻܴҪ㲹ȫ꣬ͻôǿ󣬸һˣֻ֮ʧ䣬ӡǻͻȱһ顭
ַûжǣô죡
ַûйĽ飬ɱַѪħ¼ĸȫַ֧磬ǺʦݴַôҪ
ַ罫ְߵĶͷַ꿪ʼֻ
ĵطһˣ΢һ˾ͻַ粻ַͬޱȵǿ󣬼ϽСٻΪַ绤ѳһǿԵģֲַˣ
ˣ֮˺ܶණǰһЩİгһЩ֮ɫȴǵǰˣһ̣˵ַĻַ籧ĺýý
ַ㵡
˿ַ̣𣬼߻ûˡ
飬ʲô״
ǰ˵ʧ䣬ֻǵںˣӡǻȻΪˣ
뿪ַĻãȻĿַ磬ַ磬ҺܶණǲˣǲϹ
ַ籾ͺ仰εһԵĺæַס
ŶҼǵãǵͽܣ
ߵĿƶ˺ϡ
һĵǣʦͽܣ̫ˡ
߿ˣЩˣһǲˡ
ʦЩˣʦǵһμǰͲʶ
ŶߵܶҶ벻ˣҺۣҪϢǶȥô
˶ߣץַַ֣磬ҡ
˿̵ЩˣһŮûģַɲʲô
ֲַţַҲֻ¡
˶ȥ֮߾Ŀַ磬ղ㻹ûشأңǲϹ
ǡ
ΪʲôҵԺȫӰӣҸղ֮ǰһֱΣҲȫӰӣ֪иãûеܸܵ簡϶ҵϹˡ
ַ亹ֱǸֻҵ㣬ҵϢӰ֮ڣȻҡ
Ȼ֮üͷһͻҲȲôңҲŲţ£㲻ϧԼңȻܵˣ㲻ϹҲϲңǲǣ
ַǣѾŮˡ
һ㶣û뵽ַشôֱӣŮʲôϵ磬һ˲檵ġ
߾ַܾãַ֮£ֱӵߵ˯ѨŶ


352 ޵о
Ѿ˹ַҲżˣдʱȥԼļƻ
ַҪĽڤħ
֮ǰƷʯʧܹһΣζʮƷʯȻǰٷְٵĳɹ
ơʥʯ͡ħʯҪʯıϴӵáʥ󡯺͡ħơ
ϴԲʲô£׾ǲʥħͱȽѸˣ𹫻ַֻȭͷСôһĿʯ
һһҹƣڳɹһšʥħʯ
νڤħǳɹַ罫ʥħʯֱڤħ֮ϣڤħȫգ֮ʥħʯ֮е֮ڤħһԭİĹâӵ䣡
֮ڤħʽΪһϿ仯󣬵֮Ѿõˡʡ
ַѹסԼ˷ܵ飬ǿ
ԼڵϢȫڤħ֮Уһ㣬ԼϢӦڤħÿһ䣬һѪĸоַ
ʱ֮ǿϣ
ַڤħ֮ħһ¶ַӰѾǧ֮⡣
ַĵһ󳩿죬˷ܲѣνǿַо˷ٶȱ֮ǰʮֹ
ʣµһħ󣬽һħʯΪȡƾ֮еľʯ֮á
һи㶨ַ翪ʼƻȥ
Ҫ׳Լ
ַڵʵˣѾˣַ绹ҪԼ¶Ϊܺɨ½ǿߣ
˵ΪַȻﲻʲôæ
ʣµˣַȿǵԼֵܡ
ĪƵ֮ǲκʯֻҪߵľѪͿ϶Ҫʯġ
ʮ£ģǳѣʮƷʯȥзǳãжϣʥûģ
Ժˣַû˳Ϊƻеһ֡
ѾˣʦĳҲˣַֻ÷Ժ𹫻ıӻ֮°
Ժ˶ڵҲǳ⡣
֮ǰѾѸĸ˶ӵһķǳַ粻ƻҸ
ԱһûжͱˣСһʦڼ翪һС̣㹻ˣڷѾΪһʦлǮôһƯţѾ㣡
ַó˴ʮƷʯúʮλȴһھܾҪԵʯ
磬ҴС׷ٶȡݣĸ߹Ӱ񹦡ʦѾңŹĸʦ˵һʦ֮⣬ûһɣţһɣ񹦣ǲģٺõʯ˵ûõģҪԵʯ
ŶҪʲôԵʯߴ磬һ㶨
һϲģ
ʲôʱƭ㡣
Ҫʯʯоʯ
á
ҹ߲ݵŬڽƣĴ֮ɹĸԵʯÿָһٸ
ٸʮƷʯʱҸĿˡ
ʲôû˵ʯѡ˱չء
һ֮峿չصĵطʮˮͰ޴֮һĺ¡֮УһըȫڵӰٵĳ˳
Ӱ޺𣬡ͻˣͻơӰ񹦡һˡ
֮󣬺Եڵء
ַ翴ģ󾪣æǰȥ麮塣
һƿȪˮ֮󣬺
˿̣弫ַһ£Ѿͻʥһת
˿ֵ̣˵ľ綼ʥһת
ߴ󲿷ּʧȥϵ¼ǵΪһߣҪģֻҪһתЩϤļȻᱻ
ַṩ˴ʯȻϵʯ࣬߳ɹͻʥΪʥߡ
߱ΪתֻһʮƷʯͻƵʥľ硣
֮ʥ߽ϵ򣬳̶Ƚ㣬ʥͻƵʥת
ӣַʮͻơ
ʱ䣬ʮ£ʮ˽ʮƷʯͻƳɹʥһתתľ硣λͻ֮ʧܣ
Ǳⲻ˵ģǽһ԰æʮ֮Уһ϶
ͻƳɹʮ֮Уʮ˵ʱˣûȪˮĻЩҲ
ӣ𹫻ĵ̽Ӷͻʥϵ˸ע⣬Ȼɯ᳤ҵĴ𸴷ǳ򵥣𹫻ͻơ
ɯڿ϶վַߵģĳ𹫻̫ˣ⼸𹫻ǽһܺͣɯҲַͨ˳ĳΪ𹫻ܲĸ߼Ա
𹫻ַκ鶼߶ȱܣΪ𹫻һܣй¶ȥ䣬Ǹˣͬκܹϵ˶ȫɱ
ݶû˸ȥ
ַڵѾ˼ʮʥȻҪЩͻƵʥȻЩȻǿ󣬵ҪԸЩģ
޷ͻƣôװ֮֡
뵱ǧװʥҲ޿κΣ
ַչϣýһʥ
ʥĲϣ½֮Ϸǳ࣬Ǿ޶࣡Щ϶ҷǳۡ
ǳ򵥣ЩߵȵĲϣЩʦǶòϣԴʦľʦľ޷ʥĲȱʥĲ϶
ԣַûǮͳɹչ˴ʥϣֿʼæ˼켸ҹһסʥװ
һɫװ֮˴ͷŶʵʵȻⲢӰһԣװħȫƵĸֽһǵʮ㣬ýĻ˵Ƕů͸Էǳá۾ĵطķǳǱһ͸϶죬ȫӰ˵ߡ
װȫĶ񽳼ģýĻ˵һͨȫһҲᱻ
ַ翴װܺῴһɫ֩
ڱʮʥҪ󣬽ͳһĸǴ죬ʥÿ֮϶ĺͲԵļӳɣ
ƾʥ˵һɱһת֮µʥƵģȻָһʥ
װַҲԼŪһף¡ĪơԡҲһһס
װ棬洩·ͷףͿ洩Ķ
ַ޵о
˽Ϊ֮ɨħô½޵оţ
ַ𽥿ʼԼĸƻַĿҩ
ַȻŹѡѡҩΪַҪҩġ
ַҪҩ֮ʱɯ᳤ǰݷַ硣
Ŷɯ᳤ʲô㴵ˣ
˿̵ɯķǳ欣ȫ±߳ζһһ㡣
Ѳô
ϲ衣
ַ絭Цɯ᳤濴£ܺɯ᳤ѣȻܿġ
ַ𹫻˻Լѣ𹫻˺κ֮䶼ϵ̸飡
⼸𹫻ʮƥʥмַ磬˸ˣм˴ˣַ˲Ҫɱˣ𹫻ʥһܲˣ
ЩҶ֪ɯ϶¡
ɯִʦͻƣַʦﹺôඥϣǶ춥װװˡǰôִʦءִʦɽ븴ɣ
ɯֻҪץסַ繺ĲϺһЩ˿ַһʲôܲ³˾Ųʮˡ
ַ絭ЦҸ𲻸𣬺λûʲôϵɣѵɯ᳤Ҫṩҿ֮á
ɯЦĻ֦Ҳִʦ˵Цˣִʦ޵еôҪСС𹫻æأʵִʦӦҼµġ
Ŷ˵
˵̸ڽ⡣
᳤ֻӦǶԸҪִʦǣ𹫻Ѿп˽ִʦҪִ֣ʦҪִʦɱˣЩʦִʦҪΣ
ַһ֪ԭ𹫻Ѿһ˫εĴ˱ô֮ǰԼͽսʱ𹫻Լṩô෽㣬Լ
ַЦãû⡣֪һ£𹫻ǲСɯ᳤˵ûУìͷָҩ
ɯЦЦҶǴˣʵ㣬𹫻ǰ밵вٿѲٿأٶǰǾѾˣҪ㶨ѶȷǳߡǰѾˣΣǽƽ˽ǵѾ˳˽ˣ֮ϵĹϵò˼ʮ꣬Ҳܿ
ҩ֮ףѶԸģĴһʱҲûлȥҩ𹫻ֻһҵᣬǿҲЩսһִֻܰʦɸ𹫻ᡣ
ʼչҩĵʱоҩҲУǾԸҩʱ㲻ԸԲô˵ҪԸҩ֪ʲôʱȥˣҲŸϢ֮˶μ㣬ҸϢ㶼ԸԣҾˡ
ִʦ֪𹫻㣬ܲˣѾһжˣҲ˵ڿʼѾΪ𹫻ˣҪ𹫻Ը㰵ṩ
ַ磬һ˫Ӯľ棬㱨ǰа㣡ôִʦ
ַȻѻ𣬵ǻô𹫻Լǲûȥ˺Լ㣬ַ粻ܷϡ
𹫻ΪУַ粻ǲңûҪ
ַ簵룬ǸңʱҾǣ
ַʵ𹫻ܸṩأ
ɯҵְȨֻڱݷΧڣҿԸṩһʥȥԸҩڤʥ֮£Ҳﲻæ
ɯһ仰ַ𹫻뷨ˡ
ãһʥ
һʥڱݷΧƾִʦǧҪ¶𹫻ˣ¶ˣǺ𹫻ΪС
ַɫȻһ䣬Цɯ᳤вôҸ㣬𹫻ᣬһûзԸҵѾ㹻ôһʥǺǡ͸ֶѣҪǣǰãʥʮǿǱһɱģ
ɯȻһɫЩףЦִʦˣҲֻǸѶѡ
ַҶԸҩڤҵ˲֣Ҳ֣Լ˴ҵȥʱѾңȻҲǵǮ
ɯЩΪˡ
ôôеĻҵ˳֣ұ֤Ӵ˴ʧ
ַ粽ƣɯ룬ɯæãҴӦ
ֵַУסԺһΣвһΣַʽ𹫻ΪУҪǣҿͳһ½磬Ҳͳһħô½ʵ
ɯɫ԰ף촽ϣַĻս𹫻ϣɯΪԼ𹫻ˣ磬ûĸ߸˸Һ𹫻濹⣬Խһֱɯ
ַȻǿȻǸǶɯ˵ַǿҺ𹫻ΪУǴʱ˿̣ɯãǰˣк𹫻Όʵ
ɯˣ£ֻѹĵס
ļʱ𹫻һʥַѪħҩڤ


353 𹫻ı
ҹǳַڴϺͽ顢Сٻš
鰡˵𹫻ôãǲǸýλúõ𹫻ᣬ֪֪ǵ
Ѿעˣ
ַǿ϶ģ֤𹫻Զ𹫻ᡭǺǣҪʧ˳𹫻еĲϴһգ˵ˬˬ
Сٻæʵʲôƻ
ٺ١ַһЦʵССļƻҵðźʥŵˣûȡʮ˸·ȥһ£Ȼ𹫻֮˳ûȥݴϢͺá

𹫻һʥ֮ƽҩҩһϱƣפҩΧǧǿ߱ȫɱҩȴ֪٣
ⳡս𹫻᷽Ҳʧǧʥʥص˼ʱ֣ЩʹԽռʥֹٶʥֱ̣
սôûҵҩҩͲᵹ˵ⳡս𹫻һգ˫˲أĿȴûҵ
ԭźʥΧַѪħʧ֮ҩַѰ𹫻ĶĿܵ½ֻǿҩ㣬𹫻ҩ߶֪
ҩǰѾ²⵽ַ𹫻ĳϵΪԼź·սһʼҩͽ֮ܵزز
𹫻һνʧܣҩҲһֱ¶棬һ󶯵
ʱźʥŻӦԴɱַ֮󣬱ݸڶźʥŵפأ޴ʥǿ߳룡
ЩϢַ´ȥģЩÿ춼ܵľưðźʥŵ˷ųϢ
Ϣһȥ˵һ⣬ʱɱַѪħʱַֻа𣬶ͻȻֵһʥģ
һʥҲûô࣡ôڱݵǸôǿߣ£еìͷָ𹫻ᣡ
˶ˣЩ𹫻ַѪħֱݵ¶֣һ棬뵽ɱִߵǧʥҲ𹫻ˣ
Ϣȼ˵һ㣬ǵصӵ½ÿһ䡣
£ɯ֪Լ¨ͱˡ
μƻɯûƵźʥŻôǱݵ£źʥûаϵ
źʥŸ߲Ҳǳƣ˭ųϢɳȥʱ򣬶ųϢһҲҲ
źʥŸ߲㱾£Ǹ߲֮󣬴˷׷ױ壡
Χɱַ磬ַߺźʥű˳ҩߵʱ˵ԺҲźʥŵ⣡
£ҩǿ֮£ȷźʥŵ⣬ܶطֻᶼʥŷͻ
£˼Ҳ⣬źʥҲûа취ʱ򣬴Ϣһ½ҩ𹫻ìֱŪҶ֪ôȥԣ
Щ飬ٴ£ڰд˽ᣬǳ㣬Ǵ½Ѿȫҩ𹫻ᶼƵǣ˫ֻܹ飡
ȻˣҲʥŸ߲Ҳûг壬ȻϢѾ¾壬Ҳûκˣɴϣ
ȻźʥŰͲÿ𹫻ͱݵ
𹫻ҪҩϾɱ½ֵķзѵҩ֮ô
𹫻᷽棬ȻѾˣ𹫻磬ԻҸɺͽڽҩ
غ˫Ӻ⣡Σҩ𹫻ҲŹҩ𹫻һҩҲӦ
ҩ𹫻Ҳã
𹫻Ҫ̲ϴǱϴˢס˵ĿھУ
ԣǲݵľ棡
ȻźʥŷųϢ£𹫻ҲȥȻȥźʥţźʥŵϴɾӵ𹫻ǶңôˣƺҲϴɱڵɣ˵ˣźʥɣ𹫻ᣬҲȥս

νΪǿҩӳ֮ͨһµʱ䣬йʮǰݣ
ҩǹųϢ£𹫻û꣡ǽһҹ𹫻ΌǶ·
ҩģЩϲֵҲӱǰݣ󶥼֣ս¿϶ܴ
ɯµһʱ㱨߲㣬߲Ƕɯһѵ⣬ҲǼ˴ǰݣ
𹫻Ҳæҩʵɣ
ΣҲ𹫻ҩս
ڱݷɯȫȨ𹫻ĸ߲һҲûгֻ֣ǵʮǿǰɯ
ҩǿߺƺƵĳ𹫻ĵ̣ɯҲʮǿߺҩԳ֣
սҩ𹫻սҩĴæǽ˶ίܾæǿܾҲֻѡܾ
ҩʱѪҩѾ뵽ͷѾ𹫻ƣȻҩû֤ݡ
գһս
˴ս𹫻ĵ̱𹫻̵ľڰǰʹǨƣַڼǰͽһת˳ȥҲת˳ȥʱôǿߴս𹫻ĵ̿϶ߣһжữΪУ
ַԼ׾׼ڻ֮ɱˣַ뿴Լŵ
ιսˣȻﵽ֮࣡Ȼô˹ս˿ֳֵġ
𹫻̵ıԵΪˮ룬˫ǧ׶վ
˫ǻ񣬰νţ
ҩҧгݵĶɯɯ᳤ҩһֱ𹫻ôల£Ϊ𹫻һҹ֮佫ܲΪƽأɯ᳤𹫻᲻һҩ𹫻᲻ݣ
ɯЦҩǷ𹫻ʮƷʯѾ꣬λ˵ʮƷʯǼļ۶𹫻һδεĸʱ䣬һδεҩˣһδεѣ죬Ƕͨ棬㾹Ȼ֮ҩս𹫻ϣҩǽ
ʮƷʯʮƷʯô𹫻ôһںֱӰҩѹģ
˿ַ̣һת˼ڰǬǬҩ񿿽ҩĽͣ
ַΪǬҲַΪ𽥵ĿСٻһ˶ʥû˻ᷢ֡
˿̣˵עҩɯϣ˭עƮһ
ҩЦɯ᳤ʮƷʯ˵ǷʮƷʯ֤أ
ɯԱߵһ˵֤ݣ
һóһЭ飬Э֮ϵݾҩ˼ָͲڵҩģȻŵǰĳʱ𹫻ʮƷʯҩӡǩ֡
ҩΪ𹫻ĻԱӡּ߿ƼʱðһݱĻ棡
ҩ֮Цν֤ݣɯ᳤֮λ޴ǣ𹫻ֻΪ̲ҩҵһڶѣϣ𹫻ɱˣΪֻɱǹǿߣΪδʦһ˶ɱҪʲôôҸ㣬Щʦ֮󶼱תƣɱңҵİͽҩһҩǺǣŶûУ
𹫻ļƻҩѾµİ˾Ųʮû֤ݣɯ֤ȷ䣡
ɯЦϻ˵棬ҩ𹫻۸ˣҲκ֮ǧһֱˣ죬˫֮⣬ڳĻڳڳ˼֤Ҫ˵𹫻۸ҩóʮƷʯҾ͸ò𹫻ҩ
ɯĻ䣬ҩĽͻȻчRһűʯ
ȻǬ֪ĻҩǰֱӶʮƷʯ
ʯһ˶˫ۡ
أôʮƷʯ϶ǣ
Ҳǣǣܸܵ޾Ľ
кϷˡ

ʱȫȻʮ˶۷׷ף˶ΪʮƷʯ˵֮еʮƷʯ
˿ַ̣ȪſϷɯô
ҩûмȥ֤֪˰Լаϲ
ȻԼڵϣôܼ
ҩҲ֪ʯǲʮƷʯΪħô½֮ϾûгֹʮƷʯ
ҩЦɯ᳤ʮƷʯҲԸóģϾıҲԸκ֪УȻ𹫻ƣαٵĺԼҽҩôʮƷʯóˣɯ᳤ҵҪ𹫻ҩҪôһ
ɯɫ԰ףδҩħô½֮ϣʮƷʯǴ˵֮еĴڣôʯͷ˵ʮƷʯʲô֤֤ʮƷʯ
ҩƽĵҾ֪ô˵򵥣
˵ţҩϳһɫʯʯȵʯ˰ٱֹаҲС
ǾƷʯĶʦеǣžƷʯҶʶܸܵôں͵ϵʯȽһ£ܿͻ֪Ǽ٣
£ɯԶԣ֪룡
ҩЦôɯ᳤ʯҸˣҪһ˵
ɯң˵ôѵԼôԼҩҲӦ
ɯαźԼȫҩѹģʮƷʯһκòҪ˵ţ
ǴʱҩȴóˣɯǰʯͷԼĽţɯԼ˾·
ַ𹫻ĺɯǧ򲻸õȥвַ磬ַ޵ľǱúв̫ԭصʱַһֱǱõӣַв԰ΣЩԼ˺֮ǣ
ڣ𹫻ַȷһ˫Ӯľ棬ַȥɯʱѾַĵߣټɯһвַڱ
ԣַ뽫ɯأң𹫻ǧһ
ǬʱѾڰɯѾ֪ɯķ˿֮С
ҩ񲽲ƣɯ᳤㵹˵㷽ŵ˵˵óʮƷʯҪһ𹫻ɱǧһǧʥʮˣ£һ
ôô˵ˣţ㲻˵˵
ҩЦ𹫻Ϊ½һ̻ᣬۺħô½һ⼸½ûһҵ𹫻ᣡ𹫻ţ͸½ϵÿһ֮бƳһŴ뽫ħô½еĴпƣǵ£ǿߣÿ𹫻ǿ߶𹫻ǩ״Ч𹫻ᣡϣ𹫻᲻κΪУ½κУȴһУյĿĲʲôƸҲʲôʯյĿħô½
𹫻ͳһħô½½İ
ҩǳĸ˶ĤʹڳƵġ
ϢһըһһȺ֮ը
ʲô𹫻½һͳ½ɣ
ʲôģ½һҰĲͳһ½
ҿǰɣҩ𹫻ǲݣ𹫻ǼñҲпܰ
˭ͳһ½ʲôϵ
ǧûһͳһ½𹫻Ҳܡ


354 
ҩĿĶŹƽɯ½Ϻܶ𹫻˰пƣԣ𹫻Ѿ뵽ЩȻ󽥽һһİпƣմﵽ𹫻ҪĿģɯ᳤˵ĶԲԣ
ɯ촽ŭҩ˵˵𹫻һֻΪѣҳ𹫻еʱΪ᲻ֶΣȥܶණǵּһǹһһ˵Ķޣ
ޣôҪΪ𹫻Ż͸ǵ𹫻֮ҲǵļһٶǺʥŻĸڰе𹫻ᣬѾ߰˰ˣ²ô˫Ȼ𹫻Ҫҩ·ôҾͽ𹫻ı֮ݣ
ҩãһս⣬Ըɴཫе¶˵ʥŶȫšʥź𹫻ΪĶ棡
ڳˣ϶źʥŵĸ߲㣬ЩԶɫһ䣬Уҩݣ
ɯҧгݣҩ˵ʵܳϣʵϲѾûйϵǼٵģֻҪȥͻģ
οⱾġ
ɯŭҩſڴƻƣߵڰף˵˵
ɯһҩʳ˷֮⣬Զԡ
Һ˵˵Ǻǣǰ𹫻ַԿ֮𹫻˴ַɱֵַ֮߳ʥ𹫻ˣȻɱִߣ˵£ǲ𹫻ΪڰǰѾˣڲ֮ǰҲˣ֦ͬҩΪסǧһ£˿У۵˶ôǿ󣬶ȫԿΪŽᣬǲߵ˽죬Ϊ½ڣͽЩεȻҩΣ֮ҲµûѾ𹫻ƣ֮ڸ߲ˣѾ𹫻ˣ
ɯе̣һ۽ΣԻᱻ𹫻̣
˵ô࣬ȫǿտƾʲô֤ݣ
ҩЦ֤ݣҩ˵Ļ֤ݣҩΪ½Ķҩǿ˵Ļѵ֤ô
˿̵ɯѾڿıԵ
ʱɯͻȻɫһ䣬һɱɱһʣ
ɱҩΪƽأ
ɯջ䣬ߵλǿ߶ûж֣ΪЩ˶ϲˣѾ𹫻ѾٺͶԷĻô𹫻ǧͻһ͸֤ҩ˵Ļȫʵ
ôܴ
£ֻҪɯһڹɯȫԼжҩ⳥һжԸ㶨
ʱֻɯһˣҩҲȱǧֻ֣Ҫҩʯҩģ¾Ϳѹ
ҩȻƣ޷ΪӺѣĺ𹫻ΪУҩֻиһ;
ʱҩΪǲݵľ棬ڣҩռҩҲ뿪ս
ɯȴ˿ս
ʲô״ѵɯ֪ԼҪҲҪô
ǿûжɯֱǧʥҩɱȥ
ҩŭ𹫻ᣬǱ̫ǿǰɱôɱ
ҩһ£ʮֱѹ𹫻ĵ̣ɱ˹ȥ
սһ֯Ѿ𹫻ҲֻӲͷƤɱ
һʱ䣬ս죬Ѫɺӡ
ЩսҲ׷˳𹫻ĵֻ̣ԶԶĹ
˫Ѿɱһ֮ʱɯͻȻо֮һʹǰս׷ɵսĿڴ
ô£
ɯ֮ǰоԼһΣʲô֪ˣ˹ȴ˫Ѿ֣
˿̣ݲɯ룬ѾʮʥΧԱߵԼ˿ɯΧȻ֮
Щǿߴ˿̶ɯ֮ǣɯһˣڹͺãɯȴⳡս˶أһֻ𹫻ǧ
ⳡսĿ죬ɱĸ죬˫ɱۣ˾ĳ壬ǿء
Ȼɯµȫַ簵Ϊ
ַǬǬ˳ɯķ˿֮Уʱҩ񲽲ƣɯıԵַϵʹˡ긽塯ֱӽǿޱȵɯ壬ʱɯ
ַһԼʹþħ㡪긽塣
긽УȶԷǿʮϣȶԷߣڱ֮ڿǸˣ
ַڵ֮ǿ󣬾ҲĪַΪ϶Ȳɯ
ַʹֻ֮ǶݵĿɯһʱ䣬һʱѾˣַʱһͺã
ʱɯĻַ϶ܳóѣɯʱѾڱԵַóѣɹ꣡
ɯ˲䣬кܶ˿ϵʮƷʯѾɣȻǱַսǬ
˶ۺʮƷʯʯˣҲûȥˣΪѾɱ
˿ַ̣Լ޵оתƣ𹫻᷽ٶȥ
ȻߵսѾ˵עûȥע𹫻Ǳߡ
ַʶ֮£ֵһ˶ûС
ַ޵оŴҡڵĴ𹫻ᡣ
˿𹫻ֻжʮλʥأٹԱЩԱ඼֮µǿߣԺԲơ
ַԽţֱӿ𹫻档
֮£𹫻ĵ綼ûźţ뽫ϢȥȶУ
ַ޵оչһɱЩٹԱַһ˲䶼ѹһ࣡
Ƕʮʥѹ֮£ս𣡶ȫѹԵѹƣ
Щʥûʥûа취Կַ
Σַ鵽֮ǿ
ʮ֮󣬶ʮʥ޵оŵΧ֮¾ȥַ֮ոǵꡣ
ַ罫𹫻Ĳһϴգ
ַ֣𹫻һЩһЩṩĲ֮⣬صĶʲôûУȻûУʯȴɽһ㣡
ȻƷʯǧţƷʯٶƷ֮µʯڼƣ
ַɶǷһʺƣ
ǧ𹫻δ¼𹫻һ˶ûУŴţҲûȥ𹫻ע⣡
𹫻ֻᣬо޶ƸЩƸûбҪȥܲȻֻرصĲϺʯŻַܲľƷʯһûУַĶ϶Ǵܲġ
ɯڵĹûô߽ʯǽһַԸ߽ʯѾﵽһǳֲԣܲɯرչˣһи߽ʯͻᱻɯ͹ԣ𹤻дİƷʯƷʯ
ַƣ𹫻ϴһ֮һѴ𹫻ᡣ
ӿʼʱ䶼
ַٴθϵ𹫻ҩսֳ֮ʱ˫սȴֹͣ
սѪɺӣ죬ѵ֫к
𹫻ߵ˻ࣻҩߵ˻һ࣬˫ǧ׶ӣÿ˶ɱۣ޲ýԷ˺Ƭȴûһ˸Ҷ
Ϊ˫мվһˣһߣһ׷ͯգɷǵߣ
ַһۺؿڵı־Ͽĳʥصˣ
߲ŭĵҪҲܣǲƻһǰҩΧսѾӰĹȻ֮ɷ֣Щɷ̫סִ֣ʥѵʥصĴô
ʥص˵û˸Ҳ졣
˶֪ʹóʥȥɱʥǳѡݱһĻնɷڱʹʥٻռ䶯ɷ赲
ڷŵĽս֮УʼʱҶʹʱʼʹʥһʹʥûʲôֻϿɷ֮
ЩʥԼ˱ɷ֮ɱԶ׷ʹóԽʹõһ࣬Ȼɷ֮ã˴ռ䶯
һռдΧʥص˾֣
ÿһƻռתƻôһ㣬ʥسǧϰٵ˾Ҫæϼ켸ҹܽ޲ϣһǰϷɱʥΪ䣬ôǾȻ
ĳ߷ǳŭ
ڣ˫ŶֵʥڳԲã
һ㶣û߳
ûϷĻôѵҪϷԶô
˫Ķʥʥ仰Բã
ɯЦʹߴˣǱ𹫻Ļ᳤ѵҲԲô
ʲô𹫻᳤ܲҶҴ˵ҵĻ
һƳ˹ȥ׵ľ룬֮һ׹ɯѾ˳ȥķѣɻң

û뵽߻ôȻһ㶼𹫻ӣɯҲǳ
ɯڷŵսоˣȫʢʱڣһ϶ܵסˣߵĹ֮дйɯֻ
һʥһƳӾÿ˶޷Ӧ
߰Ȼһ飬ԲðɣϷ֣Ǳ𣡡
ûҲû
ʱ𹫻һʥʹߴˣǶߣսʿսɱУҲĿԲãҰ첻ԣҲҪһޱȱһʹߴشӦ
룬˵Ҳԣһʥȥɱ˭Ҳȥɱ
˵
Ȼ˫ս˫ٴսи˽ᣡΣǱ֤ʥսΣʣµˣƾʹߴ˴á
ԣ𹫻ߵɱҩ𹫻ʧأͷҩûһвǰ׷ˣ
ҩʱʹߴˣξս𹫻ߵģʼգ˶ûж֡ȻʥصִûΥ˾ԲᴦȻҪұҲԣ˳
ҩô϶֮⣬Ǵʱ˿̣ȴû˳Цҩ
ҩߵҲֻ֪ҩţܶɽ𣬾
Цţҩµȥһȷʵ˵㲢ûΥʥصĹߣҲΪ㣡һ£һߣ
ҩʲôû˵˵Ŀ֮£ʧȺ
𹫻ҧгݣｫҩأʥصȴҩ
ȻҪ򣬱׼
ߵĻһ䣬˫ٴɱҩֻ߱ʣˣ𹫻߻۴ҩߵ˶𹫻˵Ķ֡
֮ҩߵ˴𹫻߻ˣ
˶ȴôȥʥ
ĿЩɨǸһʥذɣʱʰǣ
ߴһǧȥЩĻᱻʥص˴ȥͷ𣿵ȻǣЩ϶ᱻʥصգ
ʥһϲʥأҲҪʵѪҺΣһõĻᣡ


355 ҩ
𹫻ҩ¸һ䡣
֮󣬺ܿ촫𹫻᷽Ϣ˵𹫻ҩ֮£𹫻߲һŲ֪ȫɯΪ
𹫻ȫ飬ɯѪħһعƣӶ𹫻ҩ֮Ĺϵ
𹫻ҩַַ֮Ѫħ߻ı
𹫻һеƵѪħַϣɯҲһܺߡ
Ϣ𹫻ᡣϾ𹫻ǧţôԵ޹ʺͱ֮أ϶вΪ֪Ļ
һַѪħںĹںܶˣԭ
𹫻յֶʹõǡôַѪħһ½ĴսңƵַѪħͷϣò
֪ߣΪַѪħΪ֪߶֪ĺڹջַѪħˡ
ַõϢ֮Ĵ̫޳ˣ鶼ͷϣ
ַ绹̫С𹫻ˣΪѾ˻𹫻ǧ֮𹫻ҩԲݣ
ǣ𹫻ȴѹȥȫƿһñ޻˵
ĪЦûϵ˼Ѿ˴½Уٶ༸ñӴҲûʲôˡ
ַЦ˵Ҳǣ𹫻ڹһǸۣ
磬ڵǿǻ𹫻ΪУ𹫻ǧ̣ġ
ַ֪𹫻ڹӲţǱڹҲ򲻵ѣɯڹûм˻ţǳͷϣ˶ŵģܿͻѹȥڵȻǿ󣬵ҪʥźȻǲܣ𹫻ĵˣνǰܵСԡٺ٣룬šʥź𹫻ô
Īƺͺ˶۾һ磬а취
϶УԺ˵Ȱѱ㶨˵Ҫľûеء

𹫻ߵҩǸҳ˼߲ﵱҩҩ⳥ĴʯͼƷҩġ
𹫻˵ȻĸҩϴΪ˱סǧ
ϵǸƷϣȴ޲ҩ
αˣ
ȵ𹫻ὫƷʯ͵ҩ֮󣬹죬ַ綯ˡ
ַҪ𹫻Ǹ֮ҩ֣ЩƷٺ١϶ַˣ
ַ粢ûд޵оȥҩսĻԿԸҩ˭֪𹫻᲻ʱ˵Ϊ˱ҩǸԸַأ
𹫻Ѿַ硢Ѫħ˺Ƥ϶Ըַ磡
ַԡҩʦӵսҩȻǧ񹦸ıò
ַεļƻҪԸҩĴҲҪԸַҪһ֮ս
ȻǼ֮ϵս
ַԼ˸ֽСҩۣ
ҩҩ֮ôҩۣҩе
˭
ҩʦǴҩĵһλҩǧ֮ǰѾΪһʦħ½ǧҲûκϢ
ַðҩʦĵӣκҲ޴ӿ֤
ַ統ȻûȥҩֱսĻԻᱻҩ˵񾭲ϳ
ҩҲԽ⣬ַҪǿǻ
ǳ򵥣˳ǳѣ
ַĪƱ˱Ƶ޴ӣַ縴ĵһ
ַ˴֮磬ҩʦӡҩۡսҩҩ
е£Ǿַ»йӶǧ⼸֮ݴķз
ַڱҩ֣֮ҩ´ȥҩ飿Ƕ˵ҩҩۣ
ϢҩҲֹץһЩҥԵˣҩĸ߲Ҳ´У
ҩԽ壬һãҶΪҩҩۣȻϲ˵ȴô룡
ַ֮޵оųҩ㳡
ַ֮ʱ㳡֮ѾΧۣ
ַҩǰĸҩϹ񣬶ڵأһʦӽһʧγɽһΪ½һ
˻һ˶ַ֪ݣ⿴ֻжʮҵҩʦĵӣ
ڳˣ
Щӣ˶ڲҩһʲôˣ˶Ϊһǰ׷Բԣɷ֮ǰ˭Ҳû뵽һʤѩ꣡
ҩ֪֮
ҩʦĵӣҩʦ˭ݿ϶Ǽٵģǲ٣ڶѾ̨Լ
Ѿֳ㱨ҩ񼸴Σҩ񶼾ܾȥ
̫࣬ԴַѪħ֮ҩļƻңݵҲһ´Ѫ
ڸպ𹫻ˣɱһҩʦĵӣ
ҩûг棬ҩ𹫻ս֮ڲ飬ҩ֮ʱĴֲΣҩ涼ҪСģ𹫻ϺҩĹϵ޸޿ײ룬ʱһıŶԸҩ
ҩȥλʦȥַ̽硣
λʦ֮󣬿ַ綼һм
ǰ꣬˳࿡֮⣬ĿνһǴ
λʦһ켼Ǵʦ徳磬ȴΪҲתȻʶ֮̽һ¾˶ֵĵϸ
Ȼַĵϸô
ַǳ΢ЦλǰǺãһҩʲôʱ
һλʦ߰ĵȻǰֻһСҩǺεݣôܼôһС
ַûȻЦţĵǰѵǣҽһǰΪǱ곤ѣֻǴòڶ켼֮ϣλǰҵĶ֣
һλʦŭСӲ񣡿˵˭£
ַ΢ŭλǰһٶĶλǰΪҩʦĵӣΪҩۣҪݣҵݱҩ˶ҪϼҸմɽǱݣҩӦӭӣСǳǾȻңȻң֪˴γɽҴҩʦڣǾȻҩʦǰǵʦ
Сӣ˵ʲô£
ʱַ˹
ַŭ󵨣ɱǣ
ַ޵о֮гˣֱӻӶеɫսճûаγͷ­Ѿ
ɱҩ⼸ôܵסַ޵оţ
ֵַʦﲻ⣬ɱˣ
λʦַֻ̽磬ﱾҩĵ̣Ҳûдˣοҩ𹫻δսʥˣҩֻǧ
λʦֻʮ
Ѿɱʣµ߸ˣҲַ޵оɱ
ʱλʦŵȫ
Ǹңҩˡ
λʦû˵꣬촦
һλʦѪ֮С
λʦŵȫɫҰס
ҸղŲûгǵʦҲûпҩ۴ˡ
Ҳǣû
ҩ۴ˣ˲С˹Źҡ
ַĵҷȴ˶ңǸûôңҲƽϣȴҩʦûУȴˣɱ
λʦѪ֮С
ַеֶ亹ֱ
ʱܶ˶Ϊһ˵ҩʦĵӣ
òȣǶҩʦĳ羴
һʼַȷҩλʦǳòȫҩĴʦȣŭַ磬ַʹɱ֣
ʱַתͷҩ棬ʦû뵽ҩȻ䵽ֵزѾˣҩĴʦȻǰԲѷ
ʦģ£һҪҩһ
λʦɱϢҩڣҩŭ
ɳȥλʦǶʦλʦ̽һַҩ磬λʦʲôû˵˼仰ͱɱˡ
ҩβûг棬ʮλʦȥ
λʦַ֮Ҳǳ飬λַһ
ǰǰ֮λʦȻҶַ粻
ַĿλʦҪҩʲô
ΣַûбҪֵôΪҩѾλҩۣ
һλʦЦҩ۴ˣҩڱչأܾͳأԣдҩ۴ˣҪҩ۴ȥҩͣһ֮ꡣ
ַЦҪ׽Ѿҩʧ֮ҩ˶ҩʦҩӱ˭󣡾Ȼ붼벻ҩڲ֣ҾͽʦߣΪҩѾʦҩӵʦĵ񣡡
ַĻŵλʦһ亹
ߵĴʦæҩ۴ˣҪ˺ҩ۴˽һҩ۴ӮˣǵҩȻ֣
ַЦãҵݲмǱԣҪȡ裬ʹӦǣ
ֽ׼
ַⶨһԼλʦ֮ɫҰף
ⲻһĶԼǶ
ַ絭ЦôλôʤҩԴӳδһܣ˾͹ȥҩ˳ͱ
㡭
λʦֱۡ
ַЦ˵ȣ˶Լŵɫ԰ףԻûпʼѾˣ
仰ʵλʦ֮ѾˣƾӰľ
λʦͬʱһ
ߵĴʦԼ˽ˣ֪ҩ۴Ҫʲô
ַЦԸЩСɫõѡҩôʲôҩžǣ
λʦԣĴͬʱִʦƷ
ơд嵤
ơת굤
ַãҪ˵۸һʤӮ
ȻĴǿַʮӣҲЩ顣
λʦʼƵҩҩλʦǳ֣ߵĴʦһʱɹƳһŶд嵤
ַЩ׾ٶЩѡ
⵽ǿ˻Ǵˣλʦһҭס
ߣҩ۴ˣһҿôƣĿԴ
й˰ʱұߵλʦġת굤ҲɣȻһŶĴʦƷ
λʦϣַơ
ַ֮ϳһһһɫ棬ɫ¶ߣ˵ĸоԷٻɫĻޱȣ·ԶһУ
ʲô棿
֪û
϶а֮еġ
а֮еһֻ棬ҲûмֵĻ桭
ѾļϵĻô
ûУǿͼ

۷׷ףַϵĻ𾪣
ħ𣬴δħӵоħ֮ʱҲκǰչʾΪħ˵ħֻһΪԼƶĹߣħͲãƶһڰнС
ħĴڣֻħŮַ罣Сٻ⼸֪ѡ
˿̣ħûϳ
λʦַеĻ棬𾪲ѡõĻ涼һ֮еĶ棬ҲǾŬŵõ
˿ַеĻԱ˵Ļǿǧ򱶲ֹ
λʦʮ㣬ǿַеĻ֮һӵȵס
ȻƵҩ£϶ǽڲַûⱾ¡


356 
ֻ齫ֵҩͬʮֲϲȺȫһյ֮УŻ治ͣơ
˿ɵˣֵҩĲȫһһƣ
ȫ˵ĳʶ
ֻ˶̶ӵʱ䣬Ƴŵҩ
ɫɳˡд嵤ҩ֮â󷽣죡
ɫɳˡת굤ɫĵҩڶһ䣬Щǿ߶ѡ
ӣͬʱֵҩ
ޱȾַܼٶȣǿĻ棬˶ס˺оһжôʵһ㣡
λʦһңҩƵĵҩԲǴʦƷʦƷ
˿̣ڳ˶Ϊλҩҩʦĵӣ
ַ絭ĶλʦλʦˣҪҪҸ˼һ£
λʦҡ
ãǵȷˣ֮ǰܸܲңõʲô棿㵽ǺεȾ磿
ַãҸ㣡Ҳˣʦ״ӣΣʦ֮ǽͳһΪħô½һǧѾʦʧѾȫʦ֮ʱĽǵĳԣѾǰǸѾпƣѾ𽥵˥ʦʹļףֹѵķ쵼ٴԻͣ
ַⷬ𾪲ѣЩԸˣǰҩ۲ҩʦĵӣĴʦĵӣ
ˣҪһ֮ս
һλʦЦʦǧ֮ǰѾк֤֤ʦĵӣһ֮սˣֱ룡
ַЦҪ֤ݣʵ֤ݣݵɾǶλʦɣο°ܽûʸͱ˵ɱǣ
£ͷ䣬λʦ
ºܿ촫ҩڣĴҲ׷յϢ
ҩŭڣǺް취ʱܳ棡µ˽侧ʯҩʱҩ񿴵侧ʯĻ棬һң
صĻͶַмӾƳĶҩҩҲҩһλҩʦûһܴܴˣ
ѾɱԼλʦٲĻ˶Ϊҩ񲻸ҳ棡
ҩ˼侧ʯַĻϵĴˡ
Ĵ˱Ϊֻҩۺҩ֮£ڿҩ۶Ը
ҩ񷢳Ϣֻ˺ҩ˶ҩ
㣬ҩӵȷѾ𹫻ƣ
ҩ˵ɫÿȻҲѾ֪ˣ𹫻Ѿ
ҩԳҩ۵¸ڶ࣬ʦĵӣҪԸǰѾȥ̽̽Ҵһʵʵ˵ҩҩ۵Ķ֣
ҩĻһ䣬󾪡
ô˵ҩʦĵӣ
ҩʲôʦĵӣҲ²ûȫ𹫻ı𹫻ϺҩͺǳߵĸǸսֳһʲôҩʦĵӣǳģѾ𹫻ƣھʣҩˣ
ûͽѾ꣬νԺûãҪǽԼԼһĻǽʧȥ⣬־ΣǰþͳֹһξΣҲ˽ȥڻûл⼸꣬һֱڿ״̬ôνѩϼ˪뽫һԸ壡Ҳ壡ΪʲôҪôһзǳĲ֧֣Ǿ𹫻ᣡ
ҩû𹫻뽫ҩһ򾡣ҩĴ󲿷ѾʧȥǿνǹԮ
ҩ۵սô죿
ҩֻҪҲ棬ʲô취Ӳģǻǲѵ𹫻ὫַѪħڹôûõģΪˣǵĵӻҩλã𹫻᲻Ӳǲһܻǵĸְҵ֣ڼϴǣĻ־ͻ˳λã
ҩһʱûģֻЩ棻ǳȥǰ취һҩô죿
ˣˣҩɱˡ
ʱһ𼱴ҴҵĴ˽һ·ߺ
ҩͬʱ󾪣û뵽˻ô֣
˿̣ҩҲܻرܣֻܼλνҩۡ
ҩһϰλѾַ޵оɱ˶ǰ
ҩٲҽҩɱһ
˿̵ַһɱһ㣬Ҫǿҩ
ʱҩ첽
ҩĿĴַ磬ǿ˰죬ʲô͸
أλҩ۴˰ɣҩǳƺַΪˡ
ַ溮˪ҩ񣬱Ϊʦ˵ĵӣ㣬㾹ȻŲɱңҩ֪
ҩ治ɫƽĵҩ۴ˣ֪ǰݣһӭҺһǳҪ£¹غҩûгӭˡ
ַŭΪɱң
ҩЦν֪߲ЩµȻ֪ҩ۴˵ݣҩ۴˴˴ҩⶼᣬοҩ۴˵ݣ϶ЩСƽϵģ˵Ķô
ַã¾ôˣαҪȡλãҩ
ҩһ㶣˴󾪡
Էбƣһ㶼ԼϢأ
ڣ򣬿϶Ƕ֣ôֻܱҩܾûõģ
ʱǰһҩ۴ˣҩ۴λҪȺҩ۴˽һΣ
ţһλҩʦĻԲһλʦǰҩ㳡ĻֻԻ˵ģ
˿ҩΪַ𹫻ˣ
ַûʲô⣬һΪ˵͵Ǹϲ鷳ˣΧַ£ҲǲѲȥμӣ֮ʱҲҩȥˣַûн֡
ʵַ粻Ը
ҩһҪԸ𹫻ƣ϶ҪԸ
ַԼʮ£Ǳã֮ûһ˿ЩλߵȫɢһɲȻϢ
ˣʲô˾ӣǾԲֱ޳ܵСˡ
ַЦȻǰͱһʱ̣ʱǰָһ
˶ˣڣѪ飬һħһ㣬֮ʱȴһĶţ֪ˡ
ַЩܡ
ҩ۴ˣڱΣ
ַãȻǰôȤҹˣαҳɽһαԣҾǻǰ㳡˶֤ǵıԣ֪ǰΣ
΢ЦȻҩ۴ҪǼǰ㳡
һ·ϣַ翪ʼڤһЩ֮ϵ⣬˿ʼ̸˵أ޻̸ʼʱ񴦴ַ磬Ǻܿ죬оǰ겢޶⣡
ҩƲѣѵ겻𹫻ˣ
ڤʼ̽ԵһЩϵĻ֪ʶЩ֪ʶַشؼǽ֪ĶǸ߽׵֪ʶ
ܿ죬ڤ֪һͲģڤҲģǺܿоԣһ֪ĻΪʲôôʮĺԼأ
ܿ죬̸˸߽֪ʶ֮ϣڤ˼ַ֮綼Դҷǳӵһּ˵ķʽ˵£ڤ󾪣룬ԭʼʵһЩ򵥵⣬ҩǲмشѣ
ַӽõ֪ʶһʼǶʦ֪ʶֻ˼Ϊǳ򵥵⣬һ¸ҭסˡ
ַĵһ仰ģǰиǰָһ£ϴʮƷ֮ϿƵġءģǰεһǧʮŸ·Ҷ֮ʱĻ·ǰĵһĻ·Ӳ̫ǰ⵽ô£
ʮƷѾģӻ˼껹ûмأ˵еأż񰡣񽳲ġ
ҵľ绹½֮ǽӴô߼ĵġ
ŶѽǰĲ˼ˣ˶ԡ١Ҳûоǿһ
ڤͷǺ٣񽳼ĸ߽ģǴ˵֮еĴڡ
˼ҩ۴ˣ½֮ϣûһʦܻƳ
ַĵǴԣҾͻһڤǰ
ʲôƣ
εĸоҲǱַĻ𾪵Ըӡ
Ȼ˲ģûɱ˭ûܣ
˶֪٣һ񽳼ĸ߽ģǧǰʦǻһģһͻ񽳣
㳡ԣҩ۴սϢϯΧЩʦŶеȫ㳡
һʱ֮㳡ɽ˺ˮйͨ
ַ΢Цſ񣬡֪ǰεƷʲôأ
ͷϵĺˮֱҩ۴ˣҪʲôأ
ַ·ϣѾ˵ˣҵƷ񽳼Ʒ١
ЩȻĵܻƳ١䡭
ַ絭ĵҪƳٲѣûһװԳסٵɣһƳһٵͼ񣬾͵ǵļɡ
һļĵлˣ
߽񽳼ģϾûгֹʦһͻ֮ٴγɹĻƳ񽳼ģҲѶȷǳʧʷǳߡ
ı걾ͼҪĻһı걾ʯ֮ϣֻĵС걾ʯĳܷΧѶȣȻһĶĵѶȻҪߣ
ԣڴڵı걾һЩʦı걾ЩЩʦѧϰ֮ãûгֹʦϵı걾
ַóһѽƵĵߣ˵ʵ⵶ǽڰʱþħģһЩĿʯ
߿ȻͨǶڽ񽳼ǿߣͨ߻һٵı걾ȫûġ
еĿⶼַ֮УƵģһ۲ɼٶھʯ֮ϻƣ
˿˿˿˿
Щ̶˵ĶĤܣȻܣЩʦĶ䶼ĳģ´˰ǵ۾ҲĹĹĵģһգգҪѳۿ
ǣڳʦַַѧϰʲôѧ
ģһҪַϸҪסڵÿϸں·
ģɻľǼٶȣ
ַַٶѾʦⷶΧ
һĴʦҪʱƣҪʱ䣡Ҳ׼ϼۿѧϰǣǿһӵʱչַµѾƳһ룡
м䣬ûгκ⣡
䣡
ͻȻһǿƥַ±
ַΪģ˱Ʒڵء
ڴͬʱַ֮еĵѣһƬ
ɣ
ţܲһŵĺ籩ŭ֮еʨһ㷢һĺ죬Χ֮ͻȻһƬڰţ޾֮յɷ֮ʼɧһɹƵľַķǵصϯ
١
ݣɷ֮

ֳһ»ңΧ۵ڿʼɢ
ַ״Уˣ쵲סɷ֮
˿̣˻һһ޺廯һ


357 ˣɱ
Ϊתǿߣ϶ɷ֮ȫߣ赲ɷ֮׾١
һ޺ڱ޾һɫ⽫гɷ֮Щɷ֮ʧãã֮ա
ռܿƽ˾һжָԭ
ЩĴɢ˶ֹס˽ŲַķΧ˹ȥ
ֻǼӵʱ䣬Ϳ˽һи㶨ӿзصַߡ
û˸ţǵصɷ֮һ޵ȻһжڰнУʱ˶ɢʥҲסɷ֮϶ûվԭɵɵĵֻǿ˴Ӹ߿շ£һ֪
ֳʱ۷׷ס
ʲôֻһ걾֮
ûҩ۴˵ôⶥ񽳵ƷȻֻǱ걾Ǵ˵֮еƷҲΪ棡
ǣǱϿղɷ֮Ҹܵزɵɷ֮Ҫһдݻ٣ΪΣЩɷ֮ȫʧ
ҲԻ㣬Ȼҩ۴˵ȥ
ǰҩ㳡ҩ۴˵Լʦĵӣ϶ġ
ǻ˵ҩ۴սҩɱҩλʦҩ˶ҳ棡ڣֻһı걾ôǿ٣϶ʦĵӣ

ڣֳ˶ַʦĵӣû˻ַݣ
񽳣ԴʦΪ֮ȥ˱Ŀռ֮ħô½ǧûгֹһ񽳣
񽳣˵Ǵ˵֮еĴڣڣһλȴʵվǰ
ЩĴʦǶǳжģһҪ뾡취λΪʦ
˵۷׷֮Уռһ˺ѣһ׷ͯգǳ߰İ߳˵
߸ճ֣һŭݣĿַ磬ƶϡ
˭٣
ߵըһ쳹ĵס
ַǰһң
ַϵãҩ𹫻ս죬ֵʥߡ
㣿ЦҪ˵һı걾٣ıռĹ
ַ絭ĵʥصˮԿһ飬Ȼ֪⻹ʣ
󵨣ߴŭȻ˰ѵǳûнʲôòô
߷ŭ֮䣬һξϱŷݺݵַ繥ȥ
ַ簵Ц
ַڵľʶ磬ǿޱȣһʥתʶɱȣ
ַһߣ籩һߵľԺȥ
ȻһͻȻоԷľһããһޱ޼ʣԼľ֮еһСһڱϮ֮£ҡҡ׹
ȻʮסΣǺ죬ţһѪ͵ĴߵĿ˳
˶ȻȻ˸Ҷʥص˳֣ʥص˾Ȼˣ
ʥأħô½ִߣħô½ûһ˸Ҷʥص˳֣ʥһСӣħô½ҵ
񣬶ڣʱ˿̣ҩ۴˾Ȼʥصˣ
еͶĴģĽȥĵ𾪵Ըӡ
ʥֻֽѵһַѣҪַûΪˣָ߸ϵˣѾϰ˶ǵ𾴺ͳݡ
һʵһÿ˶꣬׳ƳѾΪһϰߣʶ֮Уһ죬ƺ˸ı䣬޷Ӧ
˿̣ʥȫû뵽ԷᷴҶԷľȻﵽԼ޷Ħĸ߶ȣ
ʥҧгݣȫһǿߵķ緶㡭սʥصϣ
ַòЦţʥأ֪ʥصְǱ½ĺƽʥصĴ츣ħô½ڿʲôҿʥصһ֣Ͳ׵ĳ֣ʥصѹˣñȥʥʲôʥس࣬ʥôϹУʥʥ˳֣ΪʥŻ
ȫȻȻ˸Ҷʥصô˵ܶжԽкãַ˵˵Ļ
ʥصÿγ֣һϵĿ˵ĸ̬֣½ĸûܹʥصǾˣίҲ̡ܴ
ʥأǲ𰡡
ʥأЩߵǴű½άƽĿںţɱ˾ɱˣŻͷŻǿ
ʥصɱˣ˻ƨˣʥصɱˣ˭Ҳûа취
ȥʥطӳȥͶߣ˼ʥصһӰȥ٣˼ˮĿռֱֳߵʱҲͬķȥߣʥǲκʥ֮˽룡
ʥصȫǿߣһ˶ʥתˣԣκãǧʥصˣ
ʱ˿̣Ȼ˹ȻԿʥصˣжˬһѣǸΪַ絣ġ
ʥһ±̣㡭ѾʥطĹı걾٣ıռĹϷҪնɱڴˣ
ַǣûǴռĹҳϣʥطڶʮ˵κ˽֮ʱ˿ռʥصȨأ֣ôҺ˭ˣֻ۾Һ˽ˣֻһССı걾ѣѵҲ
һߵĪƵûʥطһǧİٶʮ˵ƸְҵƷٵĺٸıռʥصȫ޲ռ䣡
ʥسˣôʥطôʥطʥ߻ܣô֪
Ȼռʥط䶼ǻһģַѾͳһ˵򣬵ʱʥͰʥط俴˸飡ַ罫ʥط͸ֵܡ
ʥԶԣȻʥص˳֣ʥصȨ֮ϣҲ
ַЦǸôˣʥصκ˲ܲ뵽׵ս֮У֮˵ţǹȻԿʥִִʸִôȶҶ֣ҲŽˣѵʥصɱˣǶôĪ˵Ҫҵ㲻ҵҲҪ
ңʥץĵʥصˣֻʥص˲ſƾ㣬ûǸʸ񣡡
ַЦʸʵģΪʥسȺ֮ʥصİ࣡ʥ˸лһ϶ң
ˣɱ
ַ
ʮǿ߽ʥ߰ΧʱңŸоԷĸɱԼ
ƾЩˣɱϷ򣬼ֱ룡
ʥתǿߣһ˸ɱˣ
ַʮ£ÿжװǵľֻʥת֮£ǷʥΪƿģ
ߣռǲʹóԽʥÿһιҲתǿһ
ȥ϶˭Ҳ˲˭
ʥߵٶȺѾԽʥתķ룬ַ󲻽⣻Լߵһ֣ͱʥһδεĴɣ
Щ޵оŵӵŶʥװʮѾʮʬˡ
ʥЦִߵǰ˭Ҳʹóһ㳬ԽʥϷΪʥתϷվﲻ֣ҲɱϷ򣡡
ַ絭Цţôʥط֮ϻһĶʥϹʥҲǲܵģ
ʱַʹĻֱӾͿԽʥɱַ粻ʹᱩ¶ݡ
󣡡
ַһ£ʮʥɢվǧ׷Բʮλ
ʥߴЦô㻹󷨶ԸϷ򲻳ɣʥתЩܴĦģϷǣϷʥתǿߣЩ֮еαʥ
αʥַ½ʱ˵ʣȫͻƵʥʥֻʥûʥľ硣
ǴʱַʣЩ⡣
ַԺ֪Ҳûã֮ߵΪֻһ֮ңôʥȵӴħô½ɽ֮ϵħô½׵ʱ֪ˡ
ַ絭ЦαʥǺǣǱαʥɱ㣡
ʮѸɢԲվʮλ
ַһԾʮ˵ģʮͬʱŸӵӡţռһڰ·Ӱ˲˺ҹ
ʥ߷֣УǶϣʮʥַ֮⣬˶ʧ
Ƕ
ʲôǶ󣿹ѵʮ˾ܲԶʮ֮һǶôЦɷϷҲ
Ǻܿ죬ʥߵЦȻֹ齩ӲϣΪַʮ˲ʧԼʶ֮ƾʧֻʣããǿա
ͬʱʥ߷Լڵһصѹƣֻܷӳɵ
ܡⲻܡ
ʥȫʮ˾˵֮е󷨣
ʵ֤Ƕ
ʥһȻȥ޾ҹûоͷһ㣬ܶԶʼնԭشת
˺ʧһ㣬ֻʣһˣ
⼸ַ罫޵о֮󣬾Լ¿ʼѵǶнܵڣԶʮ󶼿ʮݻ
Ȼʮϵġ桯Ƕ޷Ƕģסǿ߻ûġ
ڣʥߵĳַ֣确󡯵ѡ
ͷ˵Щ˲ôζô
ַĻ䣬ͻȻоһεĴԼķݺݵץ˹
ַһ֣ǻһһǿ˺˳
Ƕ뽫ҵȷȥ㲻Ӧ˵һ˵Ҿ֪λãͻ㾾ֻҪҵʶȫ㣬޷
𣿡ַЦң
ַĻ䣬ٴʧ
ôôʶ֮ߣ
ʥߵʶַܺʶȣַ֮ǿκǿ߶޷ģҲܣ
ַαˣû˵Ӷƣָ½
Ͽգһǿۣ֮һˮͰɫ޾ĻϢʥ߷£
ʥ߸޷ܣ֮ڣһеѾ󷨲ݣһ˵ʱ֮ڵ˶󷨵ĹֻӲ
ǣа취ҵ󷨣
ȻʥƲǶֻӲ󷨵Ĺ
ڹ֮ʱɫ䣬ܵ󷨵ĹѾ
ſ˷֣
䣡
˲飬߱ǿ˵صףһַ̣ǹһĨѪ
ԣѾˣ
󷨵ѾʥתϵĹ
߸վɫٴνҷɣ󷨵Ȼ߻һ룬ǲ߻޷ܡ
󷨵ĹߵûбѹƣԿɵĵȥǴ˿̣תȫס󷨵Ĺ
ĿٶˣѾٶûˣǾȻδңأǱҵġ
⡪֮졪򡭡

ߵĻ䣬Ϊģǧ׷Χ
ڴĵֿ󷨵ѹһ򣬶ٸȫһɣ
֮ڣ޾Ĺϵһ㣬ַоߵǳǿ󣬾һʥתǿ߽ȥҲᱻɱô£
ʱ󷨵ߵ֮ڳȥǳ֮ڵȫڵĹϵ⣡
ַ缱æʽ飬ʲô״
˵һʥ񾳽ֻһ֮ңʼʱ󷨵ѹĳɵĹһ󷨵ѹƶѾûʲôѹЧ󷨶ԸѾûˣٸһʱ䣬ܿͻὫˣ
ʱĵҲˣ֮ڣǿʹóԽʥڣϷЩ֪ʲôǿߣ
ôûˡ
ַһ󣡣


358 ὣ
ʱ˶ͬʱ©λãҲͬʱʥߵ򹥻ƾŶװ򹥻ˣҲ
һ룬ٺ١ʥߵԻٺ֮޾ɷ֮
ڳͬʱʮ˷ɢʮٶٿ죬Ǳʥߵ򹥻ĹֻὫЩ͵ĸԶʮ˸ӵİȫ
ʮˣ˱ˣǴҶ䵽˼ǧ֮İȫ룬ٺһƿȪˮһлˡ
һ̣ããǿʧ޾ɷ֮ǵص£
ʥ߰Уã
֪ԼˣǴ˿Ѿջ򣬾ջأҲҪɷ֮Ĺ
ɷ֮ʥɱĴڣ˿̣µɷ֮
ʥôȥһ
ʥ֮߱Կɷ֮߱ķ֣ɷֱ֮Ӵ͸Լ
޾ɷ֮ʥߵϴ֮ʥߵĲһ޾Ƭ
Զַ翴һĻƲЦ
ɷ֮»ص˸߿֮ϡ
ʥص˱ɱ
Ŀ±ɱйսߵ񾭽ţþòƽϢ
ʥأǧûһ˵սʥصϣڡң
ռٴ˺ѣһʥص߳֡
Ŀַϣ󵭵ЦšϷķ緶
ַĿֱߣҲǵ΢Цš
߾˵ôһ仰Ŀַһ߽֮˿ռѷ죬ʧ
ʥص˾ôˣ
ʥصĲԣַȷûаʥص˷ɱʥصˣսʥʥַϣܶΪʥصַֻսһ˭Ҳû뵽ʥص˾ôˡһ㣬ַҲû뵽
Ҷ֪ʥز׷¡
˶ţºܿᴫ½ÿ䣡
ʱַתͷ΢Цſ񣬵ǰı걾ǰϲô
ȫ죬оַ崺Цħ΢Цһ㡣
ҩ۴ˣҪɷϷˣֱҵ־ͺãұ걾ҷǳϲҴлҩ۴ˡ
ʱŵ̬ȫһСݺַԻ
ѾʵǰǴ˵֮е񽳣Ҫǣʥص˶ɱʥؾȻôˣ
ǰҩۣʵݿ϶޷ԽĴڣˣôһӣʥصˣ˵ңͱ˵ɱʥصˡ
֮Ͷѣǰطϣڳƺϵ⣬ǰ࣬ǰҲӦõġ
˿ַԽֵĺƣԽоȫڣɱܡ
ʱĸоͺһһֻΪǰһ
æҩ۴ˣֱҵְɣҺΪѡ
ַǺǡǰ룬һ˽ǧǰһְֱ𣬶ĹͿ๦ߣʦ֪ģƺϵ⣬ΪӦģҲܻ
ַ翪ʼװˡ
ַ绰һתЩȨڱ˷ˣǰʦˣôһܵͽ䣡
ַıĿƳҩ
ҩַĿһɨȫ亹
ַʥصһս֮ҩѾַ֪粻𹫻ˣ𹫻ˣԲʥص˳֣ټַܻƳ񽳼ģҩѾַʦĵӡ
ҩ񿴵ַĿ⣬˿̳ӶˣһʼԼúõдλڻôλǶô˵ǰǰ̵ġ
Ȼҩ֪ôǱɣ
ҩ
ҩæǰͷޱȹĿַ硣
˿̣ҩַѾûһ˿ǡǧ֮ǰħս֮󣬰ٷϴˣռһ𣬶ʱ򣬱ˣ˶Ǵħս֮лְҵʦ
ʱɱ̣½ҳһţʱ򣬿϶ǵҩװ޷ȵȶǹӦ
ʱʦΪֵܣڱݽ۵ҩװ޺跨
κֻҪǮԼҪĶҲûκǰ
ˣЩĸҩ
ĸʱҲǸոͻͽķչ׶ΣƾԼչ̫ʱ̻ѾչһĹģ̻ˣ𹫻޿ײ۴Ʒ𹫻ҲѸٵĳɳ󡭡
ʼħô½İս֮У͸𣬶ڡɷȡһ̡ڣɳ˶½ף½ħͳһ½
źʥŵֻڵĸɣȻֻǹ˸ͷʵڰ˰ٶǰѾɽ׵
źʥ֮ܳΪ½ĶٺڵĴһĹϵҪȻźʥͲˡ
ݵһֱ󣬶𹫻Ҳ𽥷չ˴½һš
֪ʲôʱ𹫻ĺϵѾԭ
֮󣬷ֻ鼰½ÿ䣬ԼѾƵĹģʱȻҪ𹫻ȥ۲Ʒ
һ𹫻ǰ˲ţд½ɣ𽥵ĿЩ
ʦֵܣַԳʦĵӣַܻƳ񽳼ģҸʥص˽֣ԣҩѾ˽ʣһ㻳ɡ
ʦĵӣݵλҩҪȶԷͺüΣҩŵַ̬罻á
ҩã𹫻ѾҩҲ᧿Σʦĵӳ֣ԿԺ𹫻Ό⣡һԻͣ
ҩæַǸҩ۴ˣǰ¶һᣬϾʦǧǰѾҩ۴һӳңʱЩɣԲ̽ŷǳǿĵˣҩѾʧ˴֣ҴСĽֹ˶ԸǣʼʱΪҩ۴ǵˣԲźϳ棬ҩ۴ˣһжᣬҩ۴˺
ַ˵ûУҸ㣬ҩѾʦ׿˵ҩĴ֮£ڱʲôӣǰҴҩҩȻһٶػʲô
ҩ۴ˣһжġ
죡ַҩĻַ統ȻһжȻҪҩĽ͡
ҩ񣬲Ҫ˵Ҳᣡ磬ҩ㳡һϸ£Ӯˣ㲻ˣʧҪ˵۸㣬ԴҩдʦսֻҪʤһӮ
ַ˵꣬ҩػ˦ȥ
ҩһ㷢ҡ
ϣַȥιһ󣬸ǧʦ
ǧʦһԹԵСѧһ㣬ַ˵ûһ仰εüˮס
Ȼַǳ飬ЩʦϤĽ̵ʱۻᣬЩʦ˵⣬ַ綼һһֱָЩʦ˽Ϊֹ
ֻʱʱ䣬ַѾЩʦεĿס
κ磬һǿߵ磬ְҵעصĲǸְҵܣ
ַһ񽳣˵֮еĴڣַҪֻһ仰£
λʦַΪͽ񶼼У϶ַ硣
ַȻӦַҲѡһʦ壬һֻһ̤ʦԵĴʦΪͽܣ
λʦϲķܲѡ
Ȼֶַֻζѡ
ڶ磬ַҩ㳡ҩҩǧʦ
ַ˵ҩ˺ԼԣҩΪûҪҩڣֻҩѾʦľ磬˱ҲǰױȣЩǧʦѧϰ͹Ħġ
Ͼҩۺҩһսκҩʦᣡ
ҩ񣬱ףʲôҩ֮ϵ⣬ڿ˵ҲȴһԸĿ
ҩлҩ۴ˣҵľѾʦ壬ƹһƷԪ֮󣬶ƶʧܣҩ۴ָһ
ʦ壿
ַЦľʦ壬ֻǸո̤ʦľѣʦ壬κʦĵҩаٷ֮ʮϵĳɹʣ
ҩһ㶣ַĻַ˵˵ʦʦ
һҶΪֻҪƳһʦĵҩͳʦľ磬ʵֻ˶ѡ
ʱҩ񹧾ĵݹһӯԪҩ۴ˣָ̡
ַùҩⵤҩֻƷ֮еƷַ;ͿƲԪԲϵںϣֻǷǳǿĴﵽԪҪǿԵƳɹĵҩ֮ڣ̫࣬ᴿһͿ
ַ˵˺ܶ࣬һеģҩƵԪ˵һĲֵҩǧʦ̡ܽ
˵ַ֮߸ҩԪ㿴ˣڳĴʦǣˡ
ַľħһƷĵҩھħ֮еĺɫ֮лϲԾţַϳʮԪĲϣ󣬷ֿȺ˳򽥽ļ˻֮С
ӵƣƷԪѾ˼Ʒ
찡ô졭
۾ˣˣ
Ʒѵҩ۴񽳾磿

ΣĶַƹ̺ϴʦϵ˶ܿǶڽ˵Щʦ˵ѾĲ˼飡Ѿų̶ȣ
ˣֻǽƷԪᴿ˼ƷһԪҿˣѧϰپѧϰٰɡ
ʮӵʱ䣬ַƳһżƷԪЩۿĴʦٴɵۣ
ֻ˲ϷŽȥ֮ʱȺ˳ôȥƣʲô
ַƳɹ֮󣬷ǳȵĵڳĴʦǣʲô⾡ʡ
ʣôʣǶʲôûпʲôѾһ˵е񽳣ֻǴʦⲻԵ۸ô
ַûʲô⣿ףŴҿԪ̣ܶ෽ҶҪԺҶʲôĵطʱҡ
仰дʦǰһʱң
õһλ񽳵ָǼ仰Լ治
ʱҩһ૵ĵˣˡҩ۴ˣлл㡭
˿̵ҩѾ֪ԼʱˣʱգҩһΪһλʦҩûлˣַ粻ᣡ
ʱҩǧټַ磬ַأַ粻ԭ
ַڲɱҩҩ񳼷Լҩҩһ׾ٵ£ַ绹Ҫɱҩ
ʦӵݿҩЧԱҩЧҪã
ҩߵЩţĪѾɱ˱ǣ
ҩ֮ǰʲôԣ
еΪҩǲɱҩˣһѵɣû뵽ҩۻҪɱҩ
ҩַ磬ҩ۴ˣϧҩͽҩ۴ˣϣҩ۴˴Ǳ»عʦĻֻҪǧǰһŽᣡ
ַ˵ͷӦ㣡һЩͼ˴ʧ
ҩмĵ˵ͷὣأ
ҩɱˣֳݵļžʮ룬š
֮ȫȻַһ֮뿪ֳ
ֱַȥҩʦӵݿҩ
Щ뷴Ե˶ԹԵıͣҩǰҩַ磬˭Ȩȥڣ
ַټҩļǧʦߵԼ񽳵ݣԵ˼ͽܡ
ҩ״ӣҲҩļ̳ˣַĪưдɱҩЩ֣֮ˣĪƶĨɱ
ַһնݳַɲЩǱڵвԼߣ
ҩַи㶨ַַ֮ų֮󣬽㳡ͽһϸ£
Ϣըһ쳹ÿ䣬˶֪ҩҪͳһ
ͬʱϢñ𹫻λ᳤ͷö


359 ҵɱң
һڣԴɯ𹫻ܲĺܶ˶ݽӹܱݵֻᡣ
ʱΪ˽ӹܱ𹫻ᣬܲļ߶࣬ã֣һ˭ҵȫҵƣ
᳤νǹնôĲʵֶͨΣϵλã
ڣݲãûгԵķ⣬ȴ֣һɽ
λ᳤μᣬÿշת࣬ߡ
Ѿ𹫻ƣڳ˴ʦ֮⣬ĸ߲㣬Ѿ𹫻ˣ
ҩۻĿȨ𹫻ô죿
λ᳤򲻵֮£𹫻ɱַ磡
𹫻ҡ
λ᳤½ǫʮλʥ飬ʮλʥǵַʮʥ𹫻ҩһս֮ʱʮʥٻܲѯַѪħϡ
Ͼʮʥַܱһʱ䣬ַܶϵ鶼ǳ˽⣬ԣ𹫻Ὺʼܲ߻Ըַ磬ʮϵϿ϶һ˿ܷŹ
᳤ˣҾðɱҩۣ²ףǵ˰е飬صҩۣʮλǿ߱ʮλǿߺʥصһսÿ˶ʥսϿ϶жװʱʥһûɱЩˣɱҩۣʮ˵ʵԶԶ
½ǫܻĵڻʲô취ôԺҩ۾ҪսѵýôΪӮҩôѾҩۿƣҩأҩ۰˳ɾʦĵӣһзǳ֧֣ʥص˶ɱʱ˿̣˰ɱʲôõİ취ô
ʮʥɫÿж½ǫʮȥȥô
һʥ᳤ˣµȷǳ֣ҽ᳤˲Ҫж±ܲȽϺãܲʲô
½ǫܲҸαݻ᳤ְ֮ż죿ڳ˵һ¾һ㱨ܲôܲô룬ЩˢĶֻô룿ǳЦô
ʮʥѾܴô
𹫻Ϊ˿Ѿı˼꣬ںò׿˿ƣ˭Ҳе
ʱ½ǫе΢͵ϳһϢ½ǫʮʥʮ찵жסҩۣʲôϢһ㱨
ǣ᳤ˡ
ʮʥ֮˴ſڿ첽롣
֮˲ųǽͷ
᳤ˡ
λɡ
λλ᳤λǳμ棬½ǫλ֮Ƚͷȫ֮ܽ󣬲׼ϵ½ǫ᳤λãƨɻûȣһˮͽòټλ
ϲ֮½ǫżɽλټλǰΪ£شҶĿǰλҩб϶зǳ֧֣ҩѾеҩȻɱʥصˣʥص˳Ҳ׷£ɴ˿ɼԵĵǰδеǿ󣡶ҩҪԸľλڵ˴νټλǰλӦ֪֮λкθ߼
᳤ˣλѾϵε¼ֹҩȻʦӵĿǰѾʮа˾ſȷҩ۵ĿΪͳһ˺Ѿ𹫿ƣҩˣʱһ飬ͻ鵽𹫻ͷϣܶҩۣǲܵģҩʦӵսҲ޷ֻܾанҩɱΨһĽ֮
½ǫɱҩۣҲҸαݻ᳤ְֽ֮ȱҩ߸ƣ밵ɱҩۣϼѡ
ʱҩߵȷǿ߲٣ʼֻôʮˣѾҩ۵٣ֻҩΧڵһСԺסţǵ֮⣬Χû֡ҩ۵ǿֻʮʥѣɳһǧʥԿԽɱ⣬ṩ
ʱʱǴַѪħͷɱˣ𹫻ȫƲϵַѪħ½ֵķзַѪħгַѪħڹòҩۺͽľս϶õʱ
ķ½ǫͷ
Ψһİ취ɱҩۣ
½ǫã¾ôΧɱҩۣ

ҹˮ
ַĪơֵܺȾƣһԹɵΪֵơ
ҩѾַ˳ƣҩĴָַҲҵˡھֻɱһͷ޿Դơвϡ
Ȼȵݵ£ʥŵ鶼ַһ¾ȥڣΪ±
Īƺȵģ磬˵ͽһս᲻棿
ַһСھƣĵ棬ҾɱҲҾͽǿɱһɶʱ򻹲ǿ˽ڣʦĵӵݳ棬ʣµܻرô
˵ǣѾ𹫻ˣ𹫻뾡취Ըǰɡ
ʱһӰǰһЦȾҲң
ʦ𡭡ʥʺ
Դĸ֮ʥҲðԼĸס
ʥ֧ĸʮ꣬һŮˣ껪֮ʣȴҪŸ׽ΣҪȥ½һɱ֯Щʥĺۺۡ
ʥ߷ϵصֱѪ
ַһӣҲʥ֣ǵӡ
ԺҪƺʦˣ˵ҳɩˣӦøĿڣһ㡭
ۡ
ַڵľƾ˳ֱĪһ
Īƺ·ϵľգַݺݵĵô㡭ʲôˣô㶨ûУ
һĺ¿ֱЦΪ̫ˣƲסνӢѹ˹أ㶮á
ַںͷһ£ƨСͷûһȥ
ٺ٣磬ǲ˰ѵ㲻Ưô㲻ϲô
ַ̧ͷʥѾԼߣĿԼ
ɶ򼱡
ַޱȵ֮زز
˴Цѡ
ԴַʥԺַһʥߺ϶ΪһַӡѾʥߵʥߵУַǶҪˣ
ʱԴַϷʥߣʥ߽ƾͼ׼֮ʥߵĵͲ֪İַ硣
ڼַӡʥУʥȻѾİַ硣
ÿʥ֮߳ʱַ綼֮زز
ַ粻ϲʥߣһŮĸ˲ϲַʼֻݼһˣ
ֵСѩ˵Ĺϵ壬ַ絽ڶ֪ԣʱٳһʥߵĻַԲˡ
ʥ߿ַˣȫᣬǶĪƺͺٱǺȡ
ǣ˴Դȣַһ
ʥߺĪơкµĹϵͻͽ
ʥߵĵӣʥΩǴӣʥ߱һŮÿĪƣĪƵȻܾɺ޵ǣҲַˣû˾ͺʥȥ֣ȥ棡
ں£ľôʲôԽܵ飬±ϾǸСŮ
ŮˣŮͳŮˣϲ
һ磬ĸռ䣬ӹɵģ
ںһСŮַȷ֣ΪһŮˣǷǳƯŮʥߺܿóԼľϷ²˺µġ
Щ¡
æأһʦȥ·
ַץŮ·ȥʲô֣
ַ磺ܣһڸĽȡ
Īƣʲôģɱ񣬷ɱŶˣҺͻأæ
£ʲô£ѾģĽһ㣿㻹ǸĺѪħô
ַ磺ãϷ³Եġ
£˼ıĺóԶˣȥ
ַ㴷أ棬첻Ӧеصز顭
ַ緢֣Լܻ飬սѣװȫ߹ˡ
ÿ߿ַ磬һսԵ񣬺ڸַ磬ÿοҾܣ㲻ңߣ
ַᡭ
ʥǷǳǿģ㲻ϲô㲻ôҾȴߵ֣ߵ˶ϲңΧŮתҿ㻹ܵܲˣ
ʥߵġơ֮£ַֻЭ
ģַҲʥߺƽ̬ȥʥߣԽʥ߾Ͳַ粻ţַ粻֪չȥǶԻǴ
飬ַ綼ľǸϣַһֱˮ
ʵ飬Īƺͺ֮Աǣ
ϣǿ檶ǳ֮£ĪƺͺĻ˵һ˵ǣαôࣿ
ΪˣǰٻйƬҶմ
ַһֱͬ㣬ַһֱִΪֻһݼַΪһֻһŮˣİ飡ҲҸ
ڶҹֵַȻںȾƣҩ飬ַȫȨȥ
𹫻ɳʮַʥַҲһֱûжԸϾʮʥԼһʱ䣬Ҳַ磬ַ粻ɱʮˡ
ַʶڸ֮£ʮ˼Ҳڰ׼ӣֻܰаΧСԺСԺڵκﶼ̽ⲻ
ֵܺȾƣʥֳˣȾֲң
ĪЦ㣬ȥ㷿ˣ㲻ڡ
ʥߵҵȻڣ˭һ˶ɱˣȾƣǣε˳һǧʥ֮͵
ԣȾơ
ַʶݷκ£ֻҪʶһͻ֪ǧʥ𹫻ĵ̳ʱַѾ֪ˡ
ַ㣬û£ǵʵǧʥģ
ʥȻǲ֪ˣ
ͷ
ʥԼæ˰ȥ̽飬Ϊַʲôû뵽һ֪ˣԼ
ַʱڶպʮĻ߰ɣҪȻһҵ¿ɲô˵
еʮʥһʮһᣬַ֪˶ûе⣬Ȼȥ
ַټʮ£ĪƺԺӣǧʥķٶȥʥչ˺¡
ºڷҹɱ˷Żʱ
𹫻ǧʥֻܳΪַĵʯ
ԶԶĿǧʥǰʥ߾߰׸ߵĴ죬Ѫɫ֮дţѪħ޵Уǧأһͳ

ַ翴ģ磡
ⲻŴѪħɱô±˲֪Ƶġ
ĪƿϵĴֺ󣬴ŭ̵ģҵɱңвţ
ǧʥԶԶĿַˣôҲ벻ǵҹϮôᱻԷ֪
ҩۣҵѪħڣ
ĪƴЦѪħ֪˭
Ѫħ󷨣
һĪƵӰѾʧðġѪħߣʥûзӦֻоȫһǿصƣһֻѾԼͷϣԼľѪڿٵš
ֻӵʱ䣬ðѪħľѾĪɣ˱һ߸ʬ
Ѿ˵ⷶΧ
ûдأͷĿɱ
ĪЦӸ㣬ӲѪħǸðɱңЦ
ĪƳ˵ַҲҲ漴ϵ
򣡡
ǧλʥȫ棬˿̣ʥ֪ǵĵ˭ˣַѪħˣ
ѹ֮£ЩʥΪѹƳΪ𣬶෴޵оŵٶȺ
һ浹ɱַֻ֮Ǹ޵оŵĺռ꣬ĪƵ֮֮ЩʥľվһֵĻᶼûУ˾Ѿˡ


360 ͳһ
ǧʥǧʬ޵оŵʮλʥǰʬƬÿж޵˷ܡ
һǰÿ˶ڵײˣʥ붼ĴڣڣǧʥסǵĽŲ
һʥǵ±Ƭ飬˶쳣
ʮ˴˿жһָо˿̣ԼѾվĶ壡κ˶סǵĽŲ
Ƕж֪һжַǵģеʵеҫǴ˸ģûַ磬ǾûڵһУ
ַһսҲǳ⣬Լݵʱ߽׵ʥֻӵķݣڣʥֻܳΪַĵʯ
ֳ֮ʬ崦ĸɸɾʲô¶ûз
ַ˻ȥ֮󣬼Ⱦơ
ַԺܣ𹫻Ƶ֤ȫû
һж㶨һЩ⻹ûвϵЩ֤Ѿ㹻ˣԿ֤𹫻Ѿ
šַͷܣǺ𹫻֮սѾ𽥵ĻҪԸڱݳƵۣƣ𹫻ڱݰŬֵ»һʱ𹫻һȫԸǣȻһȫ½𹫻УǱ𹫻ΪУһ취ٰźʥŵǶԸ𹫻ᣬò˶ã𹫻ͻ
Īæ磬𹫻ṫΪУڻʱ𹫻ǧ̣֮ǿǿģڱݳƵۣ𹫻һŴѪħŽǣʮ˸ڣطɷ֮𹫻ҪԸǣʮ˸ڣɳǿߴ룬׽ֻ·һڣǵħ鶼ɱˣЩħѾӰ첻Щǿߣʱ޴ڵƴҲӲȥ
׽Ǻǡַܣ뵽ˣ̫ιˣ˵ûڣǽôȥ׽
Īƺͺһ㶣ַ˼
ַתͷ˵ˣʮ˸ڣȥɷ֮гڷססҪֻӬɲ
촽һ£ඡ
˵꣬ӴһͲӰ
Īƾȵ磬˻
˵ĪƲΪ棬϶޾Ϳ˵ַ籾һޣĪľˡ
ַ绹ûлشһߵĺµ˵ܵܵı¿ɴˣȥɷ֮֮˼ʱأЩɷ֮˲ҡ
Ҳַ۾ź£ʲôʱµĵܵˣ
ĪЩĵ磬취ãɷ֮Ȼڣڽ˶ڱݣ𹫻ûԮʱݾǵ£
ԵͷԭһжƻˣֻҪǿƱݣڱ治κǿ߶Ʋɷ֮ʱ˭Ҳûа취Ըǣȶݾ֮󣬴һڣֻҪסڣһ򵱹Īɱ٣Զڲ֮أǵʷ棬㱱ݵ˲ȥάʮûģ
ַһЦʮꣿǺǣһ֮𹫻ᣬźʥţ
һꣿĪȻ
Īʱһصǧǰʦµǳֲ֮ʣЩͻ֣磬ЩǶҪš
ַʮ㣬õģֻҪݷգκвǣǿ˳ĿһУ
ַһ˿â𹫻һδأò˶áǽ𹫻𣡽ţʥšɣΪҵĵʯ
¡ָտɴ
ַ˵֮䣬ȫȻɢһɹɺڰߵϢϢʵʻһռ䡣
ĪƵ˲ͣһĲ
˶һֶĤݵĳ嶯
Ȼ˵Ϣ
Ȼеָħ
Сٻ˼ַ׷ͳһ½¸ûʲôȤҲµûĻַħѪһľѣӰ쵽ַ硣
ħѪӰ쵽˵ǡ˵ַ粻׷ϲȨƵֻһ׶ζѣַ統֪ѡַľͳɳǰ֪Ѿĸı䣬ַ߳ԤĹַҲһֱڲ֪֮иı䡣
ַѾɳһܸߵľ磬ˣӵϵ֮ĶϲȨƣϲϲӵһУοַ米ΣŸħصûԼôУַһǿһѵһܶԿôħ˵ǿߣҲһ֮Կ磬ҪȻͱˣ
Сٻ˼˵ַѾʶ㣬ѾʶԼûһǿ޷Щ⣬ԼȻԼ
ûǰַûʶ㣬ڡԴַħô½֮Ȼ˵ΪӪоգǸ涼Щѹƣѹ̧ͷھҲұ¶𹫻ỹźʥţַ綼ȥԿԣַоһǿЩǧ̵ʲôǡ
СٻͽĶԻǰнУַ֪
Īһ
ĪƵϴ󣬵ͳһ½죬㲻Žħô½ͳһ˰ɣ
ַЦкβɣǵĵ𹫻ᡢźʥţҪ֪źʥźЩϵźʥţưոô˵ˣµȫҶڵģһҪߣȫ½ĶɱңõϵȪˮͳһ½еˣкβɣ
ĪƿЦͻȻ֣Լⷽ˰ܵУ
ĪƵħô½Ǵô򵥣ħô½˿ڼƣźʥɲ࣡ɣÿɶǧˣʥ֮࣡ĸҲǷǳֲͳһħô½Ǻǡ磬˵ˣġ
ⲻҪģҪʥأ½ȫսʥص˾ԻֶԸǣʥصǺǣǰɱһʥصˣǸֻʥصһСӶѣѾһֻ̤ľ磡ܵסġ
Ī˵ʵħô½ֲԼ߾ʮˣ˵Ҫ½ⲻǳ˵ô
ַƲ͵˶ʲôãֻҪһǿߣͿͳһ½Ůĳ֣ͿԽͳһֻҪⷽϼ߽׵񣬺²ͳһ½ô
ַ˶ٵܣҷǳ˽⣬ʥľѪգͻƸ߽񣡶㣬ġӰ񹦡Ҳо׷ٶȺļޣĸʦû߲㣬ȱʯѣҿԸṩƵʮƷʯ֤֮ͻ񣡼׷ѥ˭ܵУ
Īƺͺǰһַ˵ҲûֻҪּ߽񣬾ֻ֮ϵôħô½ȷ޵У
ַ˵룬һ޵УԸ½Կǿߣͳ½ָտɴ
ַȻֻǼ񾳽磬ǲġҪľԱΪǵĴӪȻո˲ţǵҪݴչĳɣǧ̻̣޾ĲƸд½ĸִʦټȪˮм򣬻бɷ֮޵бݣţֻҪʮʱ䣬ǾͿԳΪ

½ǫһڵȴɱҩ۵Ϣļ١
ʱ󣬼ַ˵ʮʥˣ½ǫһϢ½ǫһĵϡ
ǧʥɱ½ǫ֪ҩ۵ʵԼܿģ
½ǫǿ񣬽㱨ܲ
ܲ˵õϢ֮󣬴ŭ
ԶˮȲ˽ܲ⼸ʮԱǳעͶ˴𽥿
һַ࣬ѪħݸѪȷ磬һʼ𹫻Ŀ֮£α𹫻ɯʹ֮Ҳûи𹫻ʵԵ˺֮ɯǽһʱ䣬𹫻˾޶Ƹ˳ַѪħ˽񣬿˽
Ȼɯˣǹû
½ǫһΣ͸ô̯ӣ
ס֮ھܵǿߣʱҩͷۣҲһ
죿
½ǫİţһ㣬аյġ
ǵڶ죬½ǫõһϢʮ˸ڣȫ޾ɷ֮һֻӬɲȥ
ǰ֮ɷ֮˿ûа취
֪ݱɷ֮棡
Ϊûţܿɷ֮
֣Ҫݣ
һӣݵĻ̡̻
ڶһ磬ַ緢һϢʮ˸·ھɷ֮գҩ۴Ѿ˽֮ʱͿԴͨڣ
Ϣİܶ˶ɳڷҩֽţǻҲûãû˸ȥҩ鷳
ַҪ˻ɣҪǣʮ˸ڷվģҩ۵£
½ǫõϢ֮һҵڵϣ֪군ˣԼҲ군ˡ
ڶ磬ַԤƵһûг֡
㲻֣Ҿʹɱ
ַ޵оźĪơƲɵĳ˽ĵ̡
ַ˽Ĵʦ֮⣬˶ɱɱһ
޵оŵ˽֮󣬸ѪĶħ˽
ڳ֮⣬һʥûУЩ޵оŵĹ֮¼ɹĴ
ǧʥѾϱַɱһɶһЩ֮⣬ǿߡ
һʱ֮󣬽֮ǧ˱ɱһɶһܵ©֮㣬ЩŻߵ©֮㣬ַҲûȥ׷ЩѾ޹ؽҪ
ɱЩˣʮа˾Ŷ𹫻ˣ
ò˵𹫻ֶηǳɾ䣬ڽµĽû£ͽĸ߲Щǿ߶𹫻ˡ
ʼûг棬ַ֪𹫻ĵ̲ҳ
ַɨ꽣֮ټĴʦʦӵһ֮λ
ַɱֶΣܶʦϾְҵ˿صĲǼܣֻļܳԽЩʦЩʦ϶᳼㣡
ַһѶʦƷ֮дʦԹԵı͡
񽳣˵֮еĴڣ˭˲
ַ˽У𹫻ƽ֤ݶЩʦǰ
Ȼ𹫻Ƶ֤ݣĪƺͺ͸㵽ˡ
֤ɽЩʦǶ׷ַ糼
ַУӽճϾʹ˳ͷ
֮ʱǧ޵ȷַһЩ鷳ڽ鸽֮󣬽Լ񽳼ѱʦľ黨˼ӵʱͽ֮һ˼ѱѱ֮Ҳ׷ֹͣ˽֮ЩͻȻ꣬ǿɱȥ
Ҳַ׾ٵĿƣЩѱʦǿǻ˰궼޷ѱİ˼ȴҩۼӾѱˣдʦַ糼
ַմ˳ĵʱʮ߽󷨣Щ߽ڽʲôǣƽʮֻ߽һӲʱ䣡ʮ磬һһƳ
﷨ڲ֮ʱеǿѾ֮ززʣµǳַǧʦ
ȻЩߵӣڱʮ˸ڶѾգЩֻӵ𹫻ĵ̣
ַֻһʱѸײڶ֮ͳһ
ڶ죬ַԷΪۡҲˣ
˶ַ磬Ҳַ֪һʦ״ӣȫְҵ񽳣
ͳһ𹫻ᣬַһĿ꣡


361 ؽĸ
ַͳһַļƻڱݽһɣÿ˶ǳǿߣ
Ҳַͳһԭ
ֻҪдʦͻĶҩװޣ
Щʦڶʱ֮ڴһ޵оţ
⼸죬ڲһҡ
Σ϶涼ϴƣ¶Ļ̻̣ҩ۴˽ǵԴ
ʮ˸ڱ⣬ⱻжϣܶ˶ʼ¡
漴ɱڶ漴չܶ˶֮ΪԼһϯ֮λ
˻ҵĳַһϴ֮⣬Ĵ˴ʦ͵֮ȫɱ϶ɱܶˣΪ˱𹫻ļϸǱĴַֻ
ˣεİλǿ֮⣬˳˴ʦ͵֮Ҳַɱһɶ
Щܵˣַ޵оŵ׷ɱ֮£Ҳһһ
ַ罫ʦڤǿ߼һ
㳡֮ϣַĿƽĴɨ
죬λټˣΪδҶ֪𹫻ǰѾڰжԸǴҶû֤ݣ֪ʲôҲһֻ۱һֻۣΪ𹫻ǿ濹ģ뿹ʱѾˡ
Ϊݣ⼸Ѿ𹫻ᰵȫƣ͸ļϸǳ࣡Ҹұ֤ڳĸλʦ֮Укܶ𹫻ļϸ죬۾еļϸΣ
֪ڶˡ
𹫻᲻ǹϵܺôǧǰͿʼˣ߶Ǵǧǰħս֮ڴ½֮У˫Ӯľ𽥷չ˶½ͷ
˵𹫻ֵͬˣûб˴ˣͲĽ죡
ǰã𹫻ҩս𹫻ҲǱ𹫻᳤ɯѪħΪ𹫻ĸ߲Գҩ⳥͵Ǹ
ⲻ֪˶ˡ
ʱ˶۷׷ףе۴˵Ļ˻ǲŵġ
𹫻ᴦдѹ޷Ӱ쵽ǣ㣬ڲĺܶ˵֪ġ
˵𹫻ѾЩϸ֮⣬ĴʦţһȻĿַ硣
ЩʦǣҲΪõһ޶ѣڸ߲ڶЩʦǺٲĵġ
֪ǲţܿͻף
ҽһطѰڳλļ䣬ȻǲҪǵֻ꣬ҪʩĹ֮вͺãǵӰ߱˰׳գǺͱ޹أ
ַ绰䣬ʶֱӽЩ˸ǣʹ˵ļ䣬Ǽ֮Ѱ𹫻ļϸ
㣬
㡭˵Ǽأ
ʦ֮УǧλʦЩ˶𹫻ˣ
ַмʮϸͲˣû뵽ôˣߵٶǿ֮Уٶ𹫻ˣʮΪεˣֵܣϵˣ
񿴵£һ
ڼ䣬мʶַ糹Ĩɱ˷˶ԹԵĺ
Щˣȫ𹫻ϸЩ˶Žַͣǵļ֪ǵУ˵棬ǵһһĿ
ʮӣַ粢ûɸѡЩûκȨмϸͼҲûжá
ҶԶţһʵ
ַҶˣѾǧλʦ˵Ҷ֪Щ𹫻ˣڰǰͱ𹫻ƣڽһǰҲ𹫻ƿأ𹫻ԵߣȻ֪ʦҰе£𹫻ежѾƿأ񣬸ҿ֤ݡ
ַյ֤ݶһһ˳һʱŶ꣬е֤ݶָ𹫻ᣬ֤ɽ
дʦô֤֮ɫǳѿ˭Ҳû뵽𹫻ôѾƿһ⣡
Щϸҡ
ַĿĴЩϸɨǻʲô˵
һλʦվ˳ηĴЦȻѾ㾾޻˵Ҫǣ𹫻ΪУֻ·һ
һλʦŵжǿ󣬶·һǧҶԿ𹫻ˣȫŵ³һǡ

𹫻Щʦǣһ֮ɫû
֣ǼϸôʮĽ飬ôǼϸ
ͽҵİͽΪʦһѪ㣬ΪһʦľѾԽʦ˼꣬ͻΪһʦΪʲôΪʲôҪƭΪʦΪʲô𹫻ˡ

Щ𹫻ļϸ֮кܸߵĵλʦ֮ϵķǳãаʦǵ¸صĶʦ
ʦЩʦ𹫻ˣʼţ֤ȷ䣬֤ɽǶ𹫻ˣ
ʦԼĺѣԼİͽԼ֪Ǽϸ
ƭͱѣǱ߽ӣ޷ܡ
ǣһʵ
ɱ
ַɱ޵оŵ˳ȥܿ콫Щϸɱһɶ
ɱ˺ַҶˣ𹫻ֶΡţǱ۳֣ڹϲãݾͻᱻ𹫻ƣ
ᴦĻǣԸпǵ⣬ŴַѪħŲɱǿߣѪǲܲ
ҷģʦǽǵĵ˳׵Ĳ𹫻ܿͻʷ
˻һ䣬λʦж𾪲ѡ
˿ϴƣȣʵȥ𹫻ǿУܶΪ𡭡
Щʦжô룬ûһ˸κ顣
Ҿͻ𹫻ᣬֻһʼܿ죬ǾͻῴǱݻΪ½İ
ӽ쿪ʼΪһΪֻһҳɽ֮ǰʦҵĽѾʦԸ
ڣҽΪҵĴˣӴԺȫȨڲ
ڲﴦַ϶ϲۣԽһ鶼ȥַûʱȥʲôۡ

ˣˡ۹Ҫ𹫻ᡭ
ȥ
½ǫһƽŵ˳˳ȥһңȫĵϡ
½ǫ֪𹫻ˣ
Լǳһ󵰸ģȴоһҩ
ڶ죬𣬷ɳ
ַ޵оźƺƵɱ𹫻ᣬ½ǫ𹫻ٶǿӭַĵ
½ǫе
½ǫҲӣǱʮ˸·ڶգ·ţӣ
ɥ֮Ȯַʣһ
ǣַ粻κλᣡ
ҩۣ֪ôǺ𹫻ΪУ
ַû½ǫֱɱ
үү𹫻Ĵϡ
½ǫĻû˵꣬ͷ­Ѿһ߸ʬ
ڵΧ֮£ַ޵оų׵Ľ𹫻Ḳ
½ǫķǳַּۻַŹǴϵĶӡ
ַ˵𹫻᳤ܻĶӣɱ
½ǫַֻһСӣ
ɱ˺޵оܵ𹫻ڲȥ¥գԱߣĲһʣ
ַʱڵҶˣ𹫻˶ǱѪħַɱûκιϵ𹫻Ĵﱻַͬ٣ѾߣҶ֪ݵʮ˸·Ѿ⣬Ѫħͬ϶·ӣ˶ع㣬ǧ˿ڣַѪħ˻켣ڴеȷҺãҽ˽Ѫħͬ˭ܴסַѪħͬеĲﶼ˭
ħô½ɽӶ࣬ռ½İٷ֮ʮϣҲ⣬Χ﷽ԲΪƽ֮⣬Ǵɽȣ˿ھӶ࣬ﵽǧϣ
𹫻˺ӵɽ֮Уַȥ׷ɱЩ˵Ļ϶ʱ͸㶨ַûбҪǽЩ˽˱ݵԭ
磬˽䣬ȫԱȻ֮µռٷ֮ʮϡ֮µ֮Уǿߵռݰٷ֮ʮϣЩڸУͨûʲôȴ
ĸ磬ؼľռݰٷ֮ʮϣ޵ĶǸ߸ϵĻʵһͳԼΧڵľ
֮Ӱ쵽̵̲ɱЩҲٻӰ쵽ؾ񡣵Ȼʲô˶УһЩɥĲ֮ͽŻԾ֡
ַĻ϶˵ϹĴַѪħɱˣ
ַ˼ҲףõصľȥѰ𹫻ߵˣ֮Ҳǿߣܶǿ߶ϲ֮ռһƬɽԸ㣬ĸ½ҲŽǡ
ȻǲַĻȥȻһ𹫻о޶Ƹ֮ʱȻġ
ַţ죬𹫻ͬᱻɱһɶ
Ҷ֪ƣûһҲǱݵǿ߷ǳ٣ԲлɳˣԸǱݣӽ쿪ʼ۽ڱݽһֽĸ󣡡
Աߵĺһ㶣жַмѡ
ʥҲůмĿַ硣
ĸΪַ类źʥ𣬶ַڱݽĸ󣬺Ǹʥһ
ĸĸɱ۵ΣҸʥߺͺʥߵΣ
˴ҶǳϤԭԭħô½һɱ֯ĸٸŴжкܶʣ۸ߴңʥߺͺʥȹģҪؽĸĸΪħô½һΪħô½һְҵ
˵ܶ˶ַɣѵַ粻ɣ
۴ְҵ񽳣ʦ֮⣬˭̳ܽͽܣ
ӽ쿪ʼĸʽյӣϾСԳΪĸӣ۳ŵÿһһ֮ڳΪ𾳽磡еĵṩʮƷʯʥװҩиֶޡ
һ֮ڳΪʮƷʯʥװޣ
ȫȻ
Ҷ֪ΪԽߣԽûԼ̣
һ𣬻ǧϣֻܻң֮µˣ굽֮䡣
ܶ˶ԸƽԸκַĻ̫ջ
һˣ֮ʾͻѾΪһȥǰ;ЩʲõˣһĻԵһЩӵдĲȥ鵤ҩȥȥͻƣһǿΪ֣
ǻԵ˶¿󣻶鵤ҩҩǣǳЩˣ˭
ΪͣûʣЩͲգԣܶ˶ǿһԶıֻѣȫûκλᣡ
ж˭˭ɱУ˭ü˹ĺһ㣿ûлѣ
Щʺõˣ𾳽磬ҲҪʱ䣻ЩţҲҪʮϰʱ䣡𶥷壬Ҫʱãжһ𾳽磬ûеﶥ壻жűɱҡ֮У
ڣַյӣҪţҪʺõģף績棬ֻҪΪ磬ͿԳΪĸĵӣͿһ֮ڴﵽľ磡
Ĳ˵Իǧ㣬˽һˣ
ʮƷʯ찡
ǿǴ˵֮дڣôôУóȥһţܳΪ½ǰĳ۴˵ṩ
⵽ļٵģ
ޣװҩ
찡
ȫְҵ񽳣϶ܸЩ
ΪҩװʯޡҪʲô͸ʲô
ϼ֣һκ߶ܾܾջ
ⲻϵڱĺôԲǵڱǵƽ
ʱڶѪڣ۷Ź⣬ѾԼŶװȫǶʯ͵ҩ
ҪΪĸĵӡ
Ҳǣﱨ
ҲһȫʮڶҪ
ѾģӲǲôô
ôˣѵܳΪô



362 壡۷
ַĻ䣬һȻ֮󣬹սˣһ˳ɤźҪĸ󡭡
Щûмˣһ㣬ھҪҪĸֳһƬҡ
Ҳкܶ˻۴˵ĻһһΪôŶܣ
Ұ
ַ绰䣬ҵֳܿ찲
ôӻԾĸұ˷ǳˣҴĸ¸лҵļ룡ֻҪĸ󣬴Ҷֵܣһ㣬ĸ֮ΪĸЧ˳
㣬Ź֮ж㣬ֻҪѡ˼ĸҪΪЧ
ĺô࣬ΣǲģõôͬʱҲǺǩЩϲɵˣϲκ
Ȼźܶ˶ҵĻһ֮һΪǲܵ£⻰˭ڶﶼǻ֮ôҶ֪һȫְҵ񽳣ƵĵҩȫԽһõҩΪ𣡡
񽳣һ˵֮еĴڣ۴˵ĻֳһƬž˶ڵȴ۴֤ʵ˵Ļ
ֳҲûˣھԸһʾ˼֤һĽ׶Σ
˶һĿô
ݵļž֮һҡ
۴ˣҪ顭
ǡҪ
Ҳǡ
ҪҪ
ҲҪ
ַĨһѺ֪ǸŮǳɧĺһҲҪ
ЩŴ󺰵˴඼һЩͷţ˼ˣôܴ
ãλˡ
ַʶ̽£ѡһû
һȳһյĳŹȣַǰ쳣ƤͷһɷܴƵġ
ȿȡݼ۴ˡ
ſ𡭡
ַֽŷ
˿ɫݻƣĸݣؼԴѵǿù֧
ַλŵҶˣڵѾ˻״̬Ѿǰɢήȫûȫǿ壬άҶܸоŵʣôڣҩĶʦУ
λҩĶʦϸļŵ塣
һλҡͷѾҩɾȣöҩҲ޼¡
ڶλһЦѼһ㣬λõҩ˸ҲΪöʦĵҩꡭ
ãַǳ˳飬ԣλʦŵҪˡ
ҽţã㲻ռұôȻַ粻Ϊƽϡ
λо½ľŴҩܾǺǡ
λʦ֤֮󣬶̡
̾һޱĵӣˣȿȡĶÿΪҲܻ졭
ַĲţ΢ЦţλöӡģһԼȳضһǿߣ
ŵ۴˵Ŀ佱ʱͷͦأһϵԺС
Ǵ˵֮񽳵Ŀ佱
΢Ц۴ǺˣϲĶҾˡ
Ÿַǰʱܽţλ۴û˿ļӣڿԼţԼһ㣬ޱȽŵҲ𽥵ķ
ַԽ飬
Сһ׮ȫ𣡡
ַȸųһźȪˮҩ裬ŵ֯ԿüٶȻָš
˶˪ɫ׷˲ǧ˿ݻƵɫһƿٵչܿ棬̸ȫʧ
һƵһ±ʮµٸ
һĻһ㣬ڳ𾪲ѡ
ţŵ֮ɢ޾Ļ˶ܵŵڵĻ֯״̬
ŵɫգЩɫճճѬ졭
һָˡҵָˡĻָˡ
һ¶˹ȣɷ裬ļ
ӣĹϼУ
ʱսȻԴë֮Ѿûк˽ˣոտо˽֣һ
ʱһ׷ԲԵͷ˹Ŵ
ͷŵүүһϣʵͷĸס
ֻʮоͽͷɣ壬㲻Ķˡ
Ļָˡͷϲ
ַǰޱȼĵл۴˴ҵڶ˴ͬ죡Ҳ౨ӽΪ۴Чǣ
ҲҪΪ۴Ч
̣ҲҪ
ְүү̣ҲҪ
ʱȫʮǰַǰΪַЧ
Ŷȫֻ֮һ˶ûأȫٶˡ
ַ
Щƽˣ˶ʮͿʼȢӣǶܻ꣬ûʲôսңϼ꣬һӿ϶Ǽٿˡ
ַЦλɣҽʵ֮ΪЧ١
˿ַ̣粻飬ȫ˶Ѿַĵҩ۷
ַ˾ȫ
ַ绹ҪȥҪøݵ˾֪ܸдǵˣ
ַҪľȫԱݵľͶԼ£
ַ罫Ҫһޱǿ
½һ
ַŷһ񽳼𼶵ڽĻ֮£һֱͻơ


ڳ˶ûмĸôͻ֮
һͻһ磬⻹ô
ڣڼʮϷƶҶ֪ѾؼĽ׶Σͻ𣡣
ͻƣ٣
κͻƣڱͻƣٵȻѵɷ֮û˵ס
ټ٣˿ʼֻɢ
һεĴֽǰ˶ס
ַ絭ĵҲþţɷ֮۵ס
ַĻ䣬ɷ֮Ѿˡ
ְַŵͷϣһɹɫһַš
ϵɷ֮֮ȫƹַţֻڵһȦû˺κֻصϡ
۴ǲɷ֮ģ۴㳡һ񽳼ı걾ôǿɷ֮סˣۿġ
Ҳ֪ǻɱʥصǴΡ
۴˲ɷ֮ڱ޵У
ûʥص˶ɷ֮޿κΣ۴ȴ¡

ţоôˣ
ҸоˣڵΪתǡתѾ𶥷ˡ
żѣܵȵȫš
ʲôо
һĸоһҪһӳ˼ǧ
һССһӱһǿߣ
˶𾪵Ըӣÿ˶֪ôȥԼ˶ԸֻһΡ
˶֪ͻ𣬵ǶôͶ𣬿ڵصĲЩ˻ǲš
ַȫһҡ
һ㶣СĲң
ַ絭Цʹ򣬱Ѿ񾳽磬Ϊһλ飬˵ң

ַĻһδεĳ˵񾭣ǰһС˻۴˾ַѪħڣַĻֱӽЩ˵ǳһɶ
ַѪħǿô
Ȼ۴˵ݣô˵棬϶˵ѣ
˶֪ħô½ֻһǾʥصʥ
ڣԳ
ڣ˶ˣΪʲô۴˸Һ𹫻ΪУΪһڲһӵʱΪһ
Ϊ˼飡
֮£Ϊϣ
£˵Ŀ֮г޵Ϻͳ羴
ȫոջָһѡ
龹Ȼ˵龹Ȼַң龹Ȼţ龹ȻôͰס
޷֮ϵĳһ¸ˣˡ
Ҳ񣡡
ͻȻһȴȺ֮дʮ˳Ⱥַ׷Χ
ʮˣ𹫻ˣ֮ǰбַ磬ַĹһεˡ
ʮȻû˳ȥҲһ𹫻϶Źǣ˶սˣʮѣ
ʮ˺ʱַ硣
ַ絭ĵϴΣʮͲɱǣȻִԲ򣬶ɣ
Ϊ׵ʥôɱôȫְҵ񽳣񾳽磬ôһռˣϵǿȥһռףȥһĿռһǲռģʥһλ֮⣬粻ֵܳڶλǼٵ񣡡
ַЦŶҪô֤Ҳô
ʮ˶ʥתǿߣ㲻ʥûʮֹһʥתҲӲܽӵסʮһ˵ĻҾͳ񣡡
ʮʥ˻ַͬھ
ʮʥԱ
ַ統Ȼ֪ǵĹƣЦǲڱ֣
ˣɱǣ
֮һص˲䱬ʮʥ
˵ûϵɷ֮
ˣѾһ¯ĵزɱˣҲܿסռĹ
޾˲佫ʮʥʮʥһеʹ
˲û֣Ǹַʹ˸ɫ
ַᣬǰ֮ŵţʮʥͽˣȥɱʥ棬Щ˶𹫻
һ㶣ңҡô
ʥʥЩΪ붼Ĵڣ
̸̸ַЦţеģѾƣһͨһ㡣
۴ˣ񣡡
˵ţϵĹȣֱһʥȥ
ŵзǳź£Щ־壬ǿԼĹûǸʥ࣬İ
Ǻʣµľλʥնɱڴˡ
˶۴ߵޣӦ޿³һصʮʥȫǵжѹƣ׾ٵɱʮʥ
޶ˣõ˵ô
£˶ַ֪飡
ַҶˣսϣʮʥ𹫻Ĳ
κˣսϣֻ·һ
ʱԱߵĪƺ޵оŵ򣬡ݼ񡭡
ݼ񡭡
ҫ
ԡ
ס
ֳ˶Ĺݶ¡
飡񾳽֮˵Уϵף
飬ʹһУ
˶֪ˣǰ飬ǰޱǿڱݣһϵĻԻͣ
ַ翴ǰһУЦˡ
ַеֶо۷
ĿǰΪַֹļƻǳɹ
ǿϵĤݣһɹصεϢһЩĤߵɢܿɢ
ַʶպô
ַһ㶣ףǣ
Сٻͬʱһ㶡
Ӧĵ
ַ磬ڵľ粻ӦøӦ
ַ粻ԣʲôǳֳ֣Щ֮Уɢ˻µǿߣȻһţҸоǳغǿҪǣܴ֮иܵһ֡ô˵أһַǳϤůĸооݼţ׽͸
Сٻ𾪲ѡ
ַʵôˣǻأ⵽ʲôΪʲôЩǳС϶ǴǶĤ֮ʱŲġ
ַһץסԴĹؼ


363 ú·ɡ
Щĵ֮ΪϣӵԼ֮Լ֮ڴǻ㴴࣬ΪǸΨһ飡Ǹʱǵ֮Ļһص֮һ
СٻŽĻǳǿǸԣڶ㶥ĤݵǣѾһΪ񣬻˵ݵǵзǳϣһЩ΢֮ͻϵɢ
ַ绹ǲʲôǵ˼Ǳ˶ҹݣͻǳǿôоЦһôǿôһɢ
֪ʲôڵľ粻ѣ֪ΪʲôۺϵôǿΪʲôħ²סΪϵۺռ仹е񣡱Ŀռ䲻˵½˵еۣеϵۣ½飬ÿж˸ϵۺữ֮ۺϵգ֮ǿԿԽռ䣬ԽʱգԽһǸգ
룬ۺϵΪʲôûҪˣΪǴߵΪҪ޾֮ÿ죬ÿʱỵ֮̈ϵۺգԣۺϵ񣡶ǡǡ෴ħ˱ųֺ꣬ͬ޵޾ԹӰħľ磡ħǰΪ˻޾Թˣ㶮ô
ַ绹ǲô˵Щǲǲ£ֻĤͿԻЩν֮ǲǺܶ˶һˣֻҪǳö־ͻὫһ˺ô
СٻģҲǿɱ˵ġڵôǿҪɱһͨˣֻҪɱһһȥǸ˾ͻҲɱˣ
ַƶǶ
Щɸֵĵⲻôôôأʶʶˣôǿѵô
ַˣѾģ㲻˵ô֪ҵʶǳ֮ǿģֲԼģ
СٻˣǱˣռ䣡Ҳһ֮ȵΪȻͶˡ
ַ˼ĵǲǰҿһ¡һͨŮԼӴʮ¥ڰ֮⣬¥ľӲסԼĶӣԼǣ漣ͷˣȻסĶӡ֮˶޷⣬һЩǿѡֵ˶Աʾ֤ʮ¥¶ʧܸգô̵ʱڸͽӲסţǲ
Ҳһ֣ǱԱ飬ձ˵ϵһ˵Ǻǿ˵һԼɡ
ַ粻ˣⲻԼ⡣
ַڸоЩ֮ô
Сٻ϶ԣֻҪܸоգ㶯һͿԽЩն
ַ˫ĿգһЩݵɢһ˿˿Ĺûַüġ
ַޱȵǿЩ֮֮ЩϲȸԾַߣﱾǵļһ
ַ糤һ
ЩǴûеľ磬޷ʹЩ֮Ҳûˣֻٶȵȥȡ

ϣΧѾٶˣҪĸ
ЩӴַ֣Щˡ
ڶϣѾۼٶˡ
ڳɱţ
ַұ֤ǧ񶼻ĸ
ַļƻǽԼʵʮ˾Ͳˣʮˣһ֮ھ
ʦڣƸֵҩװڲ⣬ܽڴ½ֻȥռȻܴؼɡ
棬ֵַܶû뵽
˶Ǻãֳ棬Իʧأ
֪Ū
ַûĵ㻹Ц֪Ҳң
¶ȥЩ񣬿ֻһɣ˭ô԰ڣȻ˵Լ飡֪ռ˶Ƕôݺ;ηôÿĿ֮еΪʲôʥصȨû˸սսʥأսս飡ɱʥصˣνǼߣٴջջЩԭûжôϾЩͨˣͨеһжģٴʼѾٹ̣ǧǰħս࣬ռ䣡ڣ˵Щ񶼻ô룿Ƕҹ㣬ʲôǶʲôǶüͷ
СٻҲѽǧˣҲֲ࣬ˡ
ַĵǧ򲻶ࣿǧΪ𣬾ǲ߲ݣֲϺʯϣҲҪʮʱ䣬ôʱôѵʮô
кβɣѱݷһǧ궼Уǧʱ䣬ڵΪ˵ȵΪˣͻǧһһתۼţ
ַƲ죬˵Щûõģֲ飡˵ˣԴħô½֮СѩСèһֱϵϣʲôΣգҲǧ꣡
ַ絣ĵľСѩСèˣȻһֱϵϣСѩʥŮСèС嶼ޣµĻ϶ᴫ½ԣûϢ˵һ㣬ǰȫġ
Ȼ˵ǧ񣬵Щ֮Ҳд峤򳤣峤ȵȣһЩ¸صĹߣЩµСɣСС塣
Щ߲߼Ҳǧˣַǧ˽Ͻ֮ĸȫͳ
ʮַ֮ټǧˣȪˮЩˣǸÿһСƿȪˮ
Ȫˮ޵ģٶַҲĹ
ַЩ̰Ȫˮϸ˽ػ̰ۣϣɱ⣡
Ļʥּû˸ҿּ
Ȼַ粻ܸȪˮǾʥˮѡ˵ȪˮҲûţѾģ飬ôȪˮôΪǺˮô
ͺðˣַЩۼΧڵ˶ظҸҸ衣
ҲףĸҪΪǿߣҲҪʱ䣡
ǶȪˮ֮ʶ׷׸ı䣬һʵķԾΪҲͻͽ
ЩûмĸˣΧ˵ı仯Ҳ׷ҵصĹߣҪĸ
Щûеˣʼƴ
ַȿʼˣˣʮʥʣµĶɴ˿ɼǿ߻Ǻܶġ
Щ˼ǽסȪˮջżģ
Ĵʦǿʼæµ
齫Լе֪ʶüˮ¼޸ƣʦ
Լ֪ʶ¶˵йأȫЩʦЩʦҲΪ񽳡ʮλʦõַ罻ǵ֪ʶʮ¾ͻʦ磡
ҩĴʦ𼶵ʥּǱܺҩͽĴʦ춥װĴʦѱޣĴʦǣæڱʮ˸֮ǿķͽ磡ֻҪʮ˸ͨһ򿪣˸͹
ȻЩҪʱͲ
һǿߣַ羲ÿ˶ΪʥתǿߣװҲɽΪǳΪ޵оŵһӣ
ַԭʮ£ʮ죬ÿ¶ǧʥ
ַ罫ǰȥչĶϺʯȻϼӳɳɷ֮֮УǿܴӴ½ֻչֶϡ
ʯַĪƺͺȥص𹫻һһľƷʯȥַ绹ǲĵġ
ݱյϢѾ½ÿ䣬Ҳǰ˽ǿʮ˸·֮ɷ֮̾Ϣ޹
𹫻ᱻϢҲûдȥ𹫻ܲҲ֪Ѿǿߣ׼ȫһ
ֻ֮УȻҲ𹫻ᰲļϸ𹫻֪ܿһϢһչֶϣ
ȻַҪǵ²ܱ¶ݣ𹫻˲ȥҲ鲻Щ˵ݡ
£𹫻Ҳûرӡ
ЩĲϣĴʦǶæµַҲʼµ޵оš
ܿ죬鶼棬ַ罫е齻˺ʥߴµĸ󣬺Īƶַǳмȫȫ˲š
ѾΪһȻݣǧԸʮ궼û⡣Ȼʲô⣬ʥɳ룬趫ȫ
ʱ䣬ַΪǧ׼ĸװҩȲ϶Ѿչȫ
ʱ䣬ʼʱǿߴչֲϣչʮǿչϣÿǧһ飬ֹϸ˵ˣǧʥûǸ׾ٵ濹⣬ֲһֱǰнУһֱر𹤻̽ӻи󶥼ˡ
ԣһжеķǳ˳ļʮεˣҲ˳棬׽
ڣַ罫һʦʦʣµģʦÿ춼Ĺݵ˶Ϊ޵оţ
ЩʦǶԹĹûһ˶κԹԣôʦһΪʦЩûгΪʦĴʦǶƴĹЩΪʦҲµĿ꣬Ǿǡ񽳣
ÿ˶ߵ˳ԽԼԣÿ˶ڲиŬ
ʦʦÿ춼ƴĹҪݵ˶Ϊ֣ûʮʱǲܵģ
ַʮ꣬ǺڵַȪˮѹƣҲѹƲ
ڵ֮ȫϴȥĻҲʧȥ춾塣ַҲκͺ飬úһͨŮǺԸȥҲһͨˣ
µѪ𣬺ҪԼȥµ춾Ψһĳ·
ѾһʮСŮһʮ߰Ĵ
ɷϣһλŮ䣬˲ҿ
ʥߺͺˣɱֵͷĿڹķ˵ԸϢʮֱ䣬Ǻͺ±˶̾磡
ϵıһֵı䣬ͺһжȻγɵģһ޿ɿܵĮ
һͨˣûκһʥվںµʮ׷Χ֮ڣͻȫѡ
ϵϢֻܵ˲ӦˣһµϢΧڣͻоһǿߣ
ϵϢڵĶѹƲסɢģַѹססĻؾͻйϢΧڵˣͻж
֮ʥҲ޷
ܣܣڵĶѾ޷ѹƣ꣬ÿʮ춼ӶķҪȥΪѰƾϣݣ֮ȫգκ˶޷룬֮һоͽˡ
ĪƵ磬ȥɣôƷʯʮƷʯһǧ겻Ҳġ
磬ĵȥɣһҺء
źú·ɡ
ַ翴ĪƹЦһںӡ
ַԽԽԣʲôСȥɣ·ɣߺã
ѵô
磬ôߡ
ǰǲˣǿ߰ɡ
ַ֪Լһߣ֪òܻ
ֵܺ᲻ԼߣҪװһϽߺνӡ
ȻҪѷֵĳҪõĶ࡭
ַҲЦһ֮ҿǧ޵оŵĻɣ
ˡ
ºַ˱ϣһ˲
磬ĪƸ磬ټ
µĻ˺ĪƵĶڡ
ַء
ַߣʥ߳˹
ַ粻Ⱦôأʥ߱һ̳ơ
ðҲҸ𡭡ʥҧгݣҺúʰ


364 
ˣַṳ̂һαݣ˱ݣͺ˵ıϰʣַоһ󳩿졣
磬Ҫȥô
˺󱳣½ַ籧ĺܽ
Դк׽иַ֮һֱַǺͺ¹һ˯˯ʱϲַ硣
ʱСַȻòףǺ¼ÿجΣַҲֻÿ§ź˯
ǰһ죬ַ֮п˺ϴ裬⣡
ǴκĪƺȾƺȶˣ֮ײ¡
ַ緢ֺ³ˣ͹ĵط͹̵ĵط̡סһ𲻺ʣͺͺ¡־ӡǰ־ӣ¶Ը⣬κڴӦ
ַҲˣκΪʲôӦôأϣַ緢֣ӡҡᵽʥߵķ䡣
ַˡ
ʵ֪ʥϲַ磬Ĵʥߺַ磬ַȴһֱرθ顣
˿ֽ̣ıסַ磬Ķһֱַ磬ַһ·Ϲ룬Լơ
ǵģãȥڣȥڣҪȥݣݵɽڲܽڵĵ̣ȥ̽һʵɵĵӣǵȥһһԸ
µ˵ͷַ֪ԭļƻǽǧȫ֮󣬾ԿԺɨ½ʱֱʥź𹫻ᣡʱɱ񣬷ɱ
ڣԼڵĶѾѹƲסַŲ
ַڿʼƱ֮ʱֻʮҵǿߣȻ취ʥˣüƲ𹫻ʥ֮ìܣȴ𹫻ʥţֻҪźʥűڵȻ棬ʱٶԸɡ
ַ翴ݵ˶ԼǲŽɶ֣޵оϯ½
㲻㣬ڵĶѹסˡ
ºݡ
׻ȸĴǿơ
ĴѾˣѾ⼸ơ
ԴĴǵĴ汻ַɱ֮ݻҡ
ûĴѹƣЩǿлɳˣıѾõǿϯĴǣ
֮侭˳ɱĸӱȶ˾棬ΪĴµĳ
ַǣûмŽɽһ¡
ɱĴ棬ַõͼͼһͿҵӡĴޣ
Ĵͼĸصļˮɣĸˮһ֮󣬱һˮԿףԿ׾ǴĳЩӡ߽صڡ
ַֻǣǰͼʾټַǿʶ̽ҵ
ҹܶ˶Ѿ磬ֵԵķǳ壬ֻɢ·˴ҴҶ
ַͺ˱ϣ˳ڳۡϿ̽ͷ۲һµΣʶһѾҵҪҵλá
ַǵĺɽ֮ҵ˱ӡĽء
ǧǿ߿أܴǧٸ񣬶ڿܱߵɽ
ַʶɢ˳ȥǧǿ߶һɫ𣬴Щ˵ķĴˡ
ĴѾأӶƿأõĴޣ
ǱǳǿľżסýĻ˵ķӡûȷķ򿪣ƻǿ򿪣һĹĴǾͻᱻֱӻ
ΪӡĽ磡ӡŸ߽Ĺ
ķΧֻƽס
ȻĴƲӡܷգټ󹤣뽫ɽͳգӡĵͳĵطӡҲû𣬶ҳӡķ
ǲ֪취ûã߽ķӡİ취򿪣
ԿףΪ񽳵ĽҪӡҲҪµʱ䣡
Ĺ幫Ӵһ֮߳
֣ѾˣΪƳӡѾ˴ǿߣ취ڲЧľûа취ˣʱֻܽ¹ǿ취
ĴʦĻ϶ƿӡǱҲӡء
ĽȳĴֻ֮Ϊʱֵֻ
κֵ֣ܸεգôһ죬ֵܵĽҲ޺
꣬ǵٳǵٳ

˴ַͺ¸£ǰ
ʲôˣ
˵ٶǺε֮죬Ѿǰ˲ŷӦ˰Χ
ַź´˱¡
λٳһŮ˰ʤѩеķʣŮԱߵǸߴͣ
һɾһ㡣
˶˲δ֮ͨˣ
ٳȵȫ£
֪λʲôˣ˵кιɣ
ٳ˵֮ºͣѾϣûһ⡣
ַӡǸ߽ķӡְ취Ʋӡģڽ˳룬ҽãɱ䡣
ַȷ鲻ַڵľ磬ˣȥɱ
Ȼ˶ַ粻߶ֵĻַԻɱ䣡
ĪǴƿӡ
κٳҲûΪַĿŭ
ַȻƿ
ƿȻòޱ˴ˣҲһԣ£á
ַǡ
ַ羶ֱ˷ӡ֮λٳҲŹ
ûٳ˲ҸֻԶԶĹ
ǰһ߶ʮ׵ʯڣʯڵм䣬һССԿ״ȱڣȱ֮һЩ΢СĺۼһЩԿ׻߷Ŵ򿪹ʧܡ
ַóˮԿףҪٳס
ˣѾøԿȥ̽ÿԿײӡͻǣ㣬ûõġ
ַûᣬһԾƯʮ׸߿֮УˮԿײʮ֮ڡ
֪˭һ
ֳǧ˷׷ɢǺܿǶֹס˽ŲûпӡĹһʯŴ򿪵
ʯűַ֮˿ٶ롣
ʯ֮һƽ׵Ŀռ䣬ڿռ룬һĿַ˿ɨ
󾪣á
ַ󾪣ַԵסģ
ַ˸Ҫߣɲǣе˶˲䱻ס
һ˴죬һɹصӭ˹ЩУɡ
ҲͷǺľ
һ龪ַ֮˵Ŀⶼˣڲ룬ǲޣ
谵Ŀռ֮УǵĿٴο˿ռ롣
һǳֵľ޴ͷβ
Ӵռ˰ƽȫɢ
ڳ˯ţһһ֮䣬޾
ô
˵֮еĴûмǸֻҶǼģһ㶼һ
ַ翴һ۸оǺһħڵһۿ֮ʱҲôΪ
ˣǲݣ
ǣԲǣϵ֮ôҵݣֻǿ߷ƶѡ
˿˵𾪲ѣѾ֪һޣޣǰĹһªȫ˵˼Χ
ʱ˵ܵܣҾ϶ˣ㿴ͷļֱһģһҪȥˣһܵܡ
ðɣû⣬һȥ
˴ź·˹˵ʵַ統Ȼġ
ַʽ飬ʲô
Ҳһֱ룬ʲôϣҸܵĴ޵Ϣͷް׻֮ͷ壻ȸ֮β֮βͺĴޱһһ㣬⡭Ҳ㲻
˴ź˹޴ͷ­֮ǰЦ˵ܵܣ㿴ϻͷ˱Դ󼸱֮⣬ĵطֱһģһ
˼˭˵ҵͷˣ㿴ˣ
˵꣬ͻȻ󣬱һʮ׸ߵȻ
ٳ˿ͻȻٱ֮󣬸һ亹а룬Żûж֣Ҫ㲻Ȼ϶ȫû
ʵλٳǴСĺѣ˶֮¸ôģ޳֣ĴΪ޿϶ῪսֵҲֻܷĿɳ
˶뿴ģ˻ǰ˽޴ߣ
ô˭ͷ󣿡
¾˵ܵܣ㻹Ȿ죬Һô
Ѿͷѧ˵ġ
˿̣˵ͷȷͷһȦ
˵ܵܣһǿ˭ͷ󣬺ĴֺĴսһ㣬ϻͷһҿһ㡭
Ѿշ޻ģ
˵ԴԴ֮ʱ˫ͻȻȻɲǣԼǰһɫĻͷȻסֱӸһ͵ȥײһɽ֮ϡ
䡭
ռһ󶯵ЩֱӱڵأѪӿ
ȻǷӡ𵴣ɽ𵴣𶼱ˡ
ҲǷ˰ף͹˾롣
ռ׷ԲﶼռһС롭
һţŭһޣ
ĻѾ֤ݣޣ
һ㶣ңʶôҿ϶ǳ޵еĳޣأʲôޣ
ޣֻϸܵѹκεϢѪ
ƲͣѾľһ͵ޣܸܵҵϢѪôӽշġ
ƾ㣿շôûǸ޸ҿڳԸսԶĴޣ
ԶĴޣ˵ӹֱתΪԶĴûмôӵĴ˿УȻĴֻһ֮ԵҼǵĴ޵ӾԲӣϺԶĴ޵Ϣ
˿У˿С
룬۾ͻȻһѵ졭
סŭ֪֪ѾĺҲ֪˭ˣĴ޵ĺ壡
Ｑæͣûк
˺֮ϵĺʱĵλʶ
š
˵ܵܣǲʧɢˣ
¿Ź۷Ź⣬ôһܵܣôǿĵܵܣʱ򽫵ɱ仨ˮ
µĻһ䣬ͷԽԽ񡭡
ͻȻЦˣô
˵˵ãҵĽ㡭
λҵˡ
˳˵Ŀ⿴ȥַϡ
Ŀ⻯ʵʻĹâɨַ塣
ֱַӶǿʶĿȥ
âɢ
￴ַ磬㵽Ǻˣ
˶ԹǺˣ²ôǵ֮ʱиһЩ֮ʱĸ޵꣬һΪĸתأû뵽ڽϳһˡ룬Ҷˣҵ˭㲻֪
ͻȻһǧˡǧˡڵȵˡ
Ｄһӣȶַʲô磿
ʥһת
Ȼַ粻˭֪ΪҲ
ʥһתðɣȻҵȵǸˣ㻹ҵˣ
䣿
ַ΢ŭΪҲôȻ䣬Ҳϡˣߣ
ҲٴαСַͺ£ȥ
ȵȡ
Ｑˣȴǧ꣬Ϊ˵һħĳ֣ˣԼһ仰˼Ҿˣ
ԼޣĴ޵Ľ壡ĿԶĴޣ
ﱾţԼһ䣬Ȼһħͻ˵ԼľȻͣԺŬȵȣԼˡ
û뵽һħȻûаԼ£
ԼĴޣ񿴵ԼҲҴ˵ھȻˣˣ
Ȼдŭǲһħˣǧ֮ǰħԼԼҪһħħԸ
ǲҪߡ
ɽ֮Ѿ˵Ӱ


365 Ҳˣ
޳ȥ֮ٳҲ漴˳
˸ոճɽ֮ѾӿֳӰֳǿ󣬽Χ
ԭַ˽ɽշ֮ʱѾ޻ǰȥĴţĴյϢ֮ټǿ߻ٸʱ滹дǿǰ
˵أ»㱨Ĵ֪޵żǲ޵뽫ץס
˷ɳ֮Ҳ˵ķٶȣǿ߻ûзӦ˾ʧӰ١
Ĵǵǿߣ඼֮µǿߣҲǧˣʥҲ޼ڵ԰Χܲ͸磬գЩǿ߸Ϊ
ȻĴ֪ߵĲҪҵޣǽӡһǿߵޡ
˷ߵһ̣ڳ֡
޵ߣЩס޲ûзߣΪΧԼ
Ĵ޳֣
ס䣡
ףҪ
ٳȻ֪޵Ѿ
ǵص޵ķ˹
ӵĻЩ϶ס
бϹԼľȻĴǵˣʱŭ
޾޿ţһһļӭȥܲ͸ļһ̣ȫȼΪҽɢڿС
˴󾪣ȫһĻŴˡ
Ĵֽϣץס
ǧ˹ȥ
޴ŭķ֮ȻһѾ˰׸߿գֻ޴ǰצһɨһǿƥһǧ˺ҡնϣ
ʣµ˿ͣŵľս׷ȥ
ŭ𣬡ĴǰĴĴ񱣻Ĵǧ꣬Ĵ˶ĴĴ޵ѪǾȻǵڳ֣
޺˱ס
ǧǰħսضĴѪĴӵĴֱϵѪȫɱĴޱ˾磡սҹҲˣ֮ĴܸȺΪһǧһֱػĴǣ
Դħս֮ĴǱ˳Ϊ֮ǣֱ˵֮أԭ֮⣬ûǿԸǵĳҲţ뿪ĴǣĴǵ˲ŵ㣬ѾûʲôǿߣĴǵˣǼڶӵѪˣԣǵѵػһƬأ
ΪʲôĴûǿߣʥҲֻǼЩ½ҰĴΪĴбػûбĴͱ
ڣȻ벶׽Ըǵ棡
˵Ǹò
ʵ˶Щ鶼֪
ĴǧһֱĴƣеֻĴ֪Ĵֻ֪ӡޣҲһ֪
ÿĴд֮ʱĴͻ֣ͼһ򿪷ӡ޳ԸˣĴǡ
Ĵ棬֮ʱὫеϢ͡ͼλͻΪһ棬ػܺƬأѡµĳ
ַĳ֣ɱĴ棬ͼҲַߡ֮ĴǶңɱɱԭĳ֮ʱֻӡޡ
ǣµĴʹŸƽӡʧܣʱַ֣ƿ˷ӡ³׽סޣ
˿̣Ĵʱڵأȫ
ǵѾܵˣǰڣǵػޣ
ȻǵѪѾضϣÿ˵һǿҵѹУÿ˶һǿҵĸоǰ˵лģ
ڱڵѪ֮ǰֻһˣԺĴǾͿˡ
޽Լǰ۸ƣһɹɵѪӭն𣬻һѪɫͻȻһƣѪȥ
ÿһѪ껯һֿȴޱȰԵѪϢֱû·ÿ˵üġ
˶ʱоȫһϯȫһɹȺϤϢǵѪ֮С
˿̣ÿ˶ĸоǰѪĸо
ʱ˶޶Ĥݣÿ˿жߺ͵֮Ļ
ˣԺ󲻻ˣĴǵδ˾ȫˡ
˵꣬ڿնȥ

˰ҷһЩòǼһһ׷ô죿
׷Ͼ׷ϣ룬צûĴô˵ҲˣҲңҲ
𾪵˫һӿ¡
ɶ˵ɶ룿ǲǸ˵е߲룿֮צǲӵѪϹž
ǰû
ǰɣֲĴڣ۰ħô½ˣýʲô޵оô
Ų㣡
ٻҿ
ڲߡ
΢ŭˣ˵˵ѣ
ַ˾޴ͷϺݺݵһ£ûƭ㣡ںʧɢˣϵϡ
ӵɵϴ󣬡˵ǡģ
ַ緭Űۣһ
ʱ˵ܵܣ˵оУ粻ƭġ
ַˣңĴôŪӣ
£Ҳ֪ʱħѾϳɾŽˡ
ʱħǵħֺ;ħ֮ʱҿħ˴Ĵ޵꣬ʱĴ޵ǳҲ˳ħһ䡣ħ˸ң齫ĴڵĴǣĴ޺鿪սɱħǲ꣬׼ĴһĴ
£Ҳ֪ˣ޷ħ˽Ĵ޵ΪһǷӡĴǣҴһѿӡԿףĴǵĲǿߡĴ֮󣬾ͱˡ
ַͷ
ַɽ֮ǳĹһСϴ඼߾ۻľưɺһЩС̻ᡣ
ÿ죬ﶼ˽ɽĵ̴඼ռݣԼĵɱħ޵ȣȡڵʯԼ
ЩС֮Ϊ̾ɱСС֮໥̲ССϺףɽĹ
ɽҲкܶûпĵ̣дĸ߽ħޣЩطЩǿѳء
ɵڣݵضεɽ
׼Ϣһ
˴ҡڵĴӿ£Χ˿صޣһЩ߽µ޿֮󣬶˻֮дǿҵĵ⡣
ʮ޴ȥǱǵֹ
׼ַֹ
˵Իᱩ¶޵ݣʱ򣬻ܶޡ
ַ粻鷳Ҳ鷳
ﾭɱսûŪԷϸ֮ǰû˻һİ˳֣һһõˣô֪
˽һҺľƵס
˷䣬ַΡ
ˣʲôΪʲôЩ޿㣬˺Ƭ
εĵΪЩ޷ҲޣðޣϵϢЩϢҲǵͬ࣬ԲŶе⡣ģЩ޵̶ߣЩѶϢ˵ġ
ʲô
ٺ٣ҲûʲôǽɽĻħ޻޿Ҷṥҵģ֪ɽеƲһڡʱСһǡ
ַ
ʱİɣһڣҲͬʱ֣ɽռħô½һ޶Լĵ̣Щߵȼħ޶зǳߵǣ˵ͻɱֻЩǵĲŻῴ˾ɱ˵ˣ񽳼ѱʦڣ״ġ
ַסƵ겻ãַһ˴֮ϣа֮˿Ȼ֮󣬶ֵķ׷ɢ
֮˿޵ͿٱСһ׶ߵޡ
ʱٸ޿ޣѣһһ˸߹ͷ­
ʱֳЩˣŷһĲġͷ֡޸ŭ빥һͷ֣޾Ȼ⻢ͷֳ
ʲô
Уͷֵأ
Щ˸ڻͷֵĺ棬ͷֽ˷ǸͷֽľƵꡣ
˶ˣͷһġ
ַʶһѾ֪Ĵˡ
ٴοޣַްһĮֻźȲ衣
㻹ʲô
ҵˡ
Ҳˣ
ַһھܾ
ĲУѾҵˣӻأ
Ȼ²Ըҵˣôҽ׷ҡ
ַ˼ҵºܶ࣬ʱҪ֡
޵һŻһ±ɫԼޣƤ˼ˣ˼һҪ
ҪǴȥ
޴ŭ㲻Ҫ̫ˣǶ˵иΪһѡôΪԸ׷ôֻһСС࣡ʲôǣ
ַ粢ûзŭǵĵֲĶˣҲû׷ҡûһСС࣬һ߸ϵޣҲҸʡȻʲôǣ߰ɣȥȥҪңҪϢˡ
㡭
޵һϻˡ
˵ˣһҲΪ㲻䣡
ڴŭСһħ˱Ҳǹмӣ㣡㾹Ȼڱǰ˷ս޵ϣǽѵ㲻ɣ

ޱַ֣Ц
Цʲô
ǰ˵Ҳˣָ˵Ҫˣ˵Ƥߣ˵㲻䣬ַŭҪѵңѵν޵ôֻ׼˵Ҳ䣬Ͳ˵㲻ôޣԶĴޣ
ַĳЦ޷
ɱ㡭
ǰŭҪʲô
ˣÿ
Ҫɱˣ˵һô˿á
ˣ֪Ҳ˼ޣԶĴ޺һޣһС޶޵ϣҲսϣҷӣȴһδεĳЦң㣬ô
˵Ҫʲôңһ飬ҲΪǵǲַģǣҵʲôݣһħȻǿ󣬵Ժ޵еĴڣսĴڣϣѵҵûôǰ˵˲䣡Ѿս˵ϣ˿ûƽϣԭ㡣Լ裬ҵġ˵ǸӦ˵Ǹ˸ǸݸߣʵǿҳϣǺǡ˵ݿɱ߶ˣֻѡ
룬Լʼʱ˵Ǿ㲻ȷʣħĴˣݣȷԼߡ
ЩڣǵǸ£޴û
ַ֪޲ǸʵַҲѹѹ޶ѣҪȻԼˣԺҲԿޡϾ˺֮ǩƽԼ
޵Ǹ¾ôˣַͻޣҲַ糼
ûеǸ޲ַѹԼһͷ
Ȼħ˵ˣҵˣôҲǿ󣡡
һ㶣Ƣ˵Ǹôô
ҵˣ


366 
ַһȻĿޡ
¾ϲĽең
û㡣һħңٺ١ҵҲ
ַ֪ѹԼԼԲܵǸ㲻Һðϡңðٺ٣Ҿˣһ
ѹסңʱһߣ
µһ죬ҲǷšá
ȻãŶҲãҲãԺͳˡ
һֱַͺ˷ǳܣ˿ȥɾһ㣬϶£û뵽á
ҲоŮǳϲԼԼֵڣŮĿһֱԼϣҲŮΩǴӣȻԸŮĵܵܣ˵Ůħеλã
ҪǳҪ
ԣ޾ŮԼˡ
µĿ⿴ַ硣
ףַΪ˵ģֻҪַڿڣһ仰Ϳշޣ
ַãҿĳϲ˰ɡ
лл硭
޸źɢıϢоµΪַ
Ȼûȥ̽µΪǰڷӡĵطַ̽Ϊַǿ굲̽µĻֻǵַ磬ûô
οԼĸоǱϢԳԽһʥɢϢ
γԼһξѪ˺µüģһ̣ץˡ
ֻǸͨˣ
вɻľ綾
ֻһꣿ
ż񰡡
ͻȻһͷײĳ嶯
ַôˣѵ㿴Ǵ˵֮е춾֮ôڵĶһֱȪˮѹơܿҾͻƾκ壬ֻҪһǺǡ
ַû˵ȥ춾֮壬Ȫˮоµ念찡Ҫħǧٱ
ȪˮϾȻȪˮ
ҪȪˮ𷽲˶ìܣôҪ
һ˼ҲԼ飿
ȪˮǿǾ½ľŴҩĴ޺壬ܶطûȫںϣһЩ޷ȥıĴˣȪˮܽĳ
룬ˣԺԺƴӣֻҪֺ£Ӻ֣֮µòȪˮô
ֻҪȪˮҵͿԳΪĶˣ
ЩίĿޣ㲻ϲô
һŻĵļһ𣬼æǣǣˣҺϲ㣬ôôɰôܻ᲻ϲأ
Ʋͣ㷽ŵıǲϲҡ
ǣǣҸˣ̫ϲˣ̫ˡ
Ʋͣаƭӣ
һЦҲҵĵܵܺô
ɶ
˵ҵĵܵܣһҵĹԵܵܡ
һͷܵܣѾĶǧˣʮ꣬ĵܵܣ
뷢ŭ
ȪˮȪˮҾԲܷŭ
תһ룬ʵƺܱ˺ö˰ɣ˵ˣԽ㣬ʲôԵģ
Ǻðɣ㡭
ԵܵܣȽǮ˸ܵǳԡ
εͻȻѡһ
ƲͣЦѡ˭ãѡħСѾͷˣԺܵˣ
ԺҾ˵Ĵ㣬˾Ĵ硭
ᱼΪȪˮֻ̣
ô㲻Ըô㲻Ը⣬ҾͿޡء
𡭡ǧޣҡԸ⡭
ţŹԣڻûְɣ
ŶǰĴУĴ޺ˣûС
ţҸ֣ëǽɫģëòá
ޱ׵ȫã
ԴϻǾͽлɡ
Դס
ڹ꣬ǽôҼǵġ
ꣿ

ַ̿סڴЦ
ߣֻ̣̣
ĳˣ
޹ֽеã
ǻɫģҲģɣܺ
ɣȽë͸öˡ
ֵַĶޣһֱ㲻ףԼΪʲô˵ʲôʲôô
ַ統Ȼ֪Լ˵ȪˮĻ޵Ǹ޾ԻǸַ˵ģ
ֵܵܣҵĵܵܣַҵĸ磬ԣַҲĸ磬ô
޴һ뵽Ȫˮ
û⣬ĸȻҵĸ硣
һЦҲû뵽ô뵱Ʒ˵ʱǷ˺ôľӲַ罫ѹĲƷˡ
Ҳǳ֣һǲǱӡǧɵˣӲˣ
Цţ
ϻǺ죬þòŴѪ֮бų֣硭
ַȫżƤ
ַףԼͻĹϵϾǰôã֮һЩĤ
ַˣȻѾ˺ˣԺҶֵܣһˣǰһᣡ
Ǹַ硭ַ簡ȻҶһˣ㶼ҸˣҲˣôܲ͵ܵһ񣿡
ַ硢˺ͺ˶Ϊ֮һ㶡
һﳪһ
ַ룬ޣһĶ϶òðɣҲûʲôöһƿȪˮСС⣬°ɡ
һƿ
һƿھ޴ıӸǰһᣬ㵸ЦȪˮȪˮ
ǰһƿȪˮҸĿˡ
ַܸһξͲˣû뵽ô࣡
ַ籾룬ޣȪˮôѾˣһƿַ綼ô˼ó֣û뵽ô
лַ硭ҩ
ַолԷԷθ֮ĸĤҲȫ⡣
ÿ㲻õĻﻹкܶ࣬ҪĻܿھǡ
硭̫ˡ
㻹ǽҴɣ
ַ翴һ˷ܵŤεĻԼȫ鴤š
ʲôΪǧǰ׷ʲô£Ϊλģ
ԴǰǰĴ޺һս֮Ĵ٣ħ˾ˣҲˣħħ˵һȸ̫壬Ұ׻굱ʱΪǿҲʶ
ȻѾĴ޻ɵһ壬ܶ֯ѾںϣǻһЩط޷ںϡǧһֱƴںϵ֯ѨλֹҵΪڵΪֻתʼ޷ͻʮתϡ
ħ˵ʱ֮ʱиڷӡĳ֣ҸΪһħ㣬ȪˮȪˮԽеȫҵΪ壡
ַ硭磬һḨңΪһħ
ַãʱɱ磡ϴˢǵĳ裡
ʱ䣬Ҫչأʱһͻʮת
á
ֻǹһ£ͻʮתڻ޷Ϊȱ֮
ȻҪõ֮Ҫȵȥ֮󡭡
ַ˺ͻ߽ڣ׼ҡڵĴڣ
ַ˱ϣڻ󱳣ڵĵ̳ȥ
˺ͻڸ߿շУһֱǧ׸߿֮ϣһ·ֻ˼߽׷ħ޺ޣЩħ޺ڻѹ֮¶׷ɢ
ʱĸ߷֮ڵ̵Ͽա
սڵĵ̣·ʮޣÿ֮ϳһת
ʮַ˰Χ
Ϊ׵ǳĵλ£ǽڵĵ̣Ƿ£
ַ絭ĵҪ
Ϊ׵ѾǳЦӭʸºźɣմкιɣ
ַ簵̾ɵ˾ǲһʺܸߡЩСɣǶǴСУˣ¶ʵ֮󣬲ŶЦӭһС֮״
ǱۣһЩҪ㡣
ַĻѾ˵ˣڵĳˣЩδҲδ֡
Ǻǡһ˵ˡ¹ªţ治֪۵һλңѾգѵǴӱݳĲɣ
ַҲɵЦţѾڱ˴ǰˣѵǲôͨ򣬱ɱڣ
˵ˣڵľٺãҲ̲סˡ
£Ϊƣǲ֮£ǲʶ֮ˣвʵݣµҪˡѴҪɱڣǱɣ
ѾԼţȻǲţôҾѪϴڣ
ַɫһ֣һӰͻȻԶ
ԸЩСӣô˳֣Сɣ
ַ翴ˣһϲ
ڱɷ֮Ͽħ飬ħǴַȥ˵Ǹ
˵Ĺƣʮħ֮ھͻ壬Ϊʮ飬Щϸڼ󣬾ȪˮҲǳ
Ϊʮħ飬ÿ˶龳磬һ޷ӴԣֻȪˮĴ壬ܳ
ַ˳֮ʱħѾ׶Σû뵽ôʱѾɡ
Щ𿴵ħ飬д󺧣
ʥǿԷеģ˵ķٶѾԽۿɼļޣҲ˵˵ΪǶʥĶʥ
Щ֪ԵĲʥ
ħ黰䣬Ѿʮм䣬е⽣ÿ𶼸оǰһʮ˼ͬʱо֮һϢĸоһ̣Ѿûʶ
ʮħһɱնͷ­
һŭʮѪ׷ȥ
ַȻս˭ܵס
ɱʮħǰߵַˡ
λˣ
ַЦĺܺã
һţû뵽ôͳɹأôˣ
ȥЩħ֣ǸǱֱš
һŵشˣڰ֮ھͻɹ֮ڶ
ţꡭܿ졣
ַ֪Щ֮Ϊһת磬ҾȪˮ죬˵ʥءԺĳɳռǳ󣬽Ϊַǿһ£
һᣬٴǰУʮӺ󣬱ϰס
ЩһŵĹ֮£ûܵסһУ
ȫһ浹ɱ֮½Ϊϣûܵס
ַ緢һһ鶼
ֻһܣħ
ˣǲǴħЩħ飿
ǰ˵̫ˣʲô򰡣ʲôʲô壬갡ȵȣ鷳ħǰͲЩˣйǽ壬ߺ϶Ϊһͬޣʲô룬߶ͬʱչǳ죬Ҳǳǿ󣡶ǵĹ̫ˡ
ַ


367 ޹
ڵȷƣַ˷ʱѾɱ𣡶ЩתĶи߽ޣҲзǳװ
ȻַЩ˵Ŀռָȡȴ涼ֻĲ
ʱЩɣˣǧˣ֮ǿ󲻿󣬾ôɱȥɱҲҪ£
¾ͼ£Щǿߵ꣬á
˵ˣʲôãҵڵκúµĲôɱȥ֪ô֮ˣʱȥң
ַ֪ʱԸڵģҲԸɣµĳҪԼ밵ҵɱޣΪβģ˳һڵĵףҪɣҲҪҵ޵дʦڣѾôˣڸ߿շУڵ˶ܷ֣ô
һ룬૵ĵѽҺͻһŶ񾳽ǿߣǵҷɵôߣ˭ܷǣ
˵Ҳǣ֪Ҫһһֱǣɵһαһζ࣡ѾɱˣȫûһʥܾʲôԾ
ַΪ˷ֹ˷ǣǵʶûɢųȥǵϢҲȫΣڵôᷢǣУǼȻܷǣΪʲôһδεôɱ
ʱǺβٷɸһ㣬ɵǹŵĵط
ַɵãѾɵ˼֮ˣǶܷ֣
ʱ֪ˣ֮һһǳǿĿռħʦľһﵽ˷ʥ磡ġռˮ򡯿ԼӵڷΧڵһУ޴Ǵӵ滹Ǹ߿ߣֻҪ̤ڵĵ̣Ǿͻᱻ֣
ַ罫˵Ļλ
ռħʦ˶һҲһЩ𾪡
֮ռԺʱԵģǸ磬ǧߣռԵҲôǧˣΪڷתһ¾ССĿռпռħʦЩš
ҲЩţħս֮Уռ֮䣬ռ֮ڵĿռԪشģԵռ֮űպϣռҲռƣܲ˳ԽռԲųʥ֯ػÿռ䣬Խռƻռ֮УռԪޱϡ٣츳ٺõˣҪռҪʥľ磬ܣ
˵ĿǰҲֻֿܲſԽȻǶǣǾֱʹʶҵֱɱȥǣ
㲻пռħʦǵʶȻǿ󣬵̽ռ֮ôʱռ壬ֱӰǴʱѷȥô룬Ƕǣ֪첻˺вɳǣǿ϶Щʱ䣬Ƿ·϶ദʱ壡ʱһУҲ·һ
ַȻռħʦôô
ֹ˵һռ֮񣬾ͿԵһˣˣҲпܱռ֮ɱģֻҪռΧȫʱѷ죬˭ҿһԶ̿ռħ߼ܣֱӾܽ͵Ŀռ䣡˵
˵ЩҪ˲˵ѵģ
棬ֻһռҲϹ֮һħս֮Ϊ˱ռ䣬˿ռƣˡʥصˣǿռ֮֮еˣȫǿռ֮Ŀͽռ֮ռ֮ÿһռ䶼һػռ䣡ԣռ䣬ֻʥزһ飡ʥһǧһֱԼְػռ䡭ռ̫֮ǿˣԿƿռ
ַ಻ѣҲԾռ֮
ַ˳ʵʱǿǿ
˵ʱΨһܿƿռĴڣռ֮֮佻֣У඼ͬھ³ΪռһּΪǿռ乥͵Ŀռ䣡ռ֮ʱֻ֮ܵķݣΪʱԿ죬Դȥɻصδʱֻλʱ֮Ҳֻת֮£ǳֲľвǴȥҲǻصδ
˶˶٣ͻȻķǳֲ
¼æ˵ܵܣ˵ʲô
һһĵʱ䡪ֹͣ
µʲôʱֹͣ
⣬ڳ˶֪СٻҲСѧһ
˵ʱֹͣһλʱ֮ɱˣĶʮ߽飬˾İٶ࣡ʱֱ֮ʹ˴Сʱֹͣսеʱ䶼ֹͣתʮȫͣû˺û飬ͷųȥȫֹͣ·ռ䱻ɲǼ䶨񣡶ʱս֮ڣֻܶʱ֮һˣôҡڵ߹ȥֱӸÿ˲֮һ֮˶飬Ѫ֮У
˵˵ţǳĿ־壬˶ܸܵʱĿ£
ַһļҲʱôԴ֮ԼһУ˵ͻߵһж
飬ҵʱǲʱ
϶ĵʱûûĹҲûʲôʱֻ֮ħ˵ھ֮ܵУһʱ֮֡ǿʱ䣬һ֪
˼ʱԶԸռǿߣΪʱԻصȥռǿʱǿǰֵĻᶼûУ֣Ҳûãʱǿ߻һΧڵʱתٳɱռǿߡǡռ֮ʱ֮Ȼǿȴ޷߾磬˵߾磬ͿԴԽ桭ǧǰħսЩʱ֮Ϳռ֮Ļ͸ˡ
̾һϧ棬Ҵû˵˻ʱ
˵϶ûУôռ߶ô٣һûأͲҪ˵صʱˡռʱһʼӴľǡ򡯣룬Ѷ֮ߣǣҲˣо˿ռʮ꣬ʲôûѧץ񣻶оʱоʮ꣬Ҳ߻ħͳ׷ˡ
ַΪ˵ִž̾Ҳһϲ
˵Ǹǹģû뵽ռʱؼУоһٶ꣡
ַ缱æˣʱؼҰɡ
Ʋͣˣ㻹ǱоˣҲûá
Ҳǰַ硭磬㻹ǱˣЩӦоģҴΪڻߣؼӰľġ
ַһЦǺǡҵ츳ʱУǣֻһûؼȥѡ
˺ͻ۾ַ硣
Ļʱ
ַ硭磬У
ַͷ
ֻ޴ϻͷĶַ磬ϻ𾪵Ť۾ɵôҪɳۿ󼤶ĴŴ˵ĿдζֱַѬ
Զ
˼ĵ治˼Ҳǧûˢѡ
ַ˺󱳵ʮûˢ
͵УݶûҵİףҶʮûˢˡ
˺ͻԿЦķʽǵļ𾪡
ַֽУˣԺ˵Ҫͷת
ɶ
˱ַ˵תͷַôһ˵ֱתͷһŴ׼ַԴ
һɶֱ֣ӽַѬתðǣַѰѳӶ³ˡ
ַĵˣԺ͵˽սֱһڳȥһֱܰѵ˴ܡ

±Ц
ѹסԼʱһĵˣȻʱ츳ôʱؼ͸ˡ
ַӹ˼ˮˮֻô
óô㣬һֶûУʲôؼôô
˵ʱؼֻôһ㣡ʱӴľʱ򣡹Ҫȥģ֮ȥʱֻ㣬һǴȥڶǻصδʱֹͣ
ַ翴ˮڵĵһ㹦
صȥķܸپһ֣
Ծ֮Զ֮Ķ񲻶в
ⶼʲôʲôַͷˡ
δķܸҲһ֣죡
ĶԽ֮Խ֮Ķжν
ʱֹͣķܸҲһ֣
Ķ񶨣ĶԶԶ
ַ罫ʯǬԺо
ַʱ˺ͻǸô죿ǽˣ
˵ǳɣһˣɲ˿ռ壬Ƕ군
ͷȻҲŶԷֿռħʦǶǵжδָ֪ƣԷһǻǻȥӳ顣
ַʽСٻʲô취ô
ûа취ǧǰħ˺Ϳռ֮֮Եʶռֶ֮Ρռ֮Ըħ˵ĻħֻߣԿռ֮ϱ޻֮ռ֮ȫһߣԸħҲԸرռ䣬ռĺƽ
ַЩпռ֮һλɾ֮ˣ
Сٻȳߣ취Ǳڣ
ַ֮˶ͬߣ
£ģһ취ӽɱޣΪƾ
εĳַͷ磬㣡
˻ȥ֮סɽ֮С֮ϡ
ַȥ֮Ϣһϣڶó˸ʱؼо
һ
ַ绹ƿ˺ܶ࣬Դַ翪ʼʱַڵ츳֮ͶֽսʱԶַ֣ĿƺʱƣַҲĿ
صʱֻںͶֽս֮ʱܷãַΪ͵ʱ򣬶λַΣ
ַΪ𽥵ںܶʱʱǸߣûжô
Ϊںܶʱ򣬵˳̫죬ַķӦȻַʱܿ˵Ҳܹܶ˵ַΪٶȲķӦϴԵٶȣǻУ
Ķ񲻶в

ַ籧ؼо˼ʱоʲô
ˣС
оʱʮ꣬ûʲô϶еĵá
ַķ䡣
ˣٶʩչ
һ㶣һҪһ㲻֣ǳж
Ŷһ㣬ͺЩơ
ַƲһۣ㲻ֻٶȣܴô
Ŷˡ
Ҳַ֪оʱǷǳϡ
תٶȳַ硣
ַʱ򣬵ǿһֱվԼʮ֮⣬ûж֡
ˣô֣


368 ʱ
һ㶣Ѿǧˣ˵ûֻ֣ûѣھһ״ջʽûֻʽʶҲûǿ󣬸Ӧ
ɶ
˵˵ٶȣתٶȣҵٶȣôʮ׵ľ룬һӾּܳڴΣҵʱɱһת֮µ飬һľ룬˲ͿԵô
ֱַɵˣԼʱ򣬾Ȼ˳֣ѾǧΣԼʲô
ַٴ˽⵽һǿ
ַ˼ôֵĻǲ㿴ǳţһ
˵ǿ϶ģΪԽߣҲԽãȻʱû˿ϵǾﵽһ߶ȵʶӦ۾ģоģʵѾʵ˼ˣ
ַ統ȻʵַԼܹٶȺ͹ȥʱ֮
ðɣһʥתٶҳֱ֣Ӻҽ֣ջŶУʶҲʥʶ硣
Σ˳֮ʱַʱ򣬿˳ֵǳַŲǲ˵Ҫ䵽Լż׾֮ʱַȻһ
ַ۾ģ͸Ӧȫһ۾ٶȣԿԶʶӦģȴܲ
ַؿƣ˿ַ˼ַּ֮繥
˺ַ罻Уÿַ翴ĺʶӦȫһ
ͣ
ĺ͸ӦĲһҲ˵㿴Ҵ㣬Ӧܴ㣡Ҳ˵۾Ѿʱ֮СҪ󣬿ĻѾֻǻѣʵȴûб˵۾ƭ㣡ıֻ˫ۺĴԷĻ棬ûȥıʵ
һеġ
ַûڵؼ˵ǣҪԼҪıΧĻҲҪŴﵽҪ󡣡
˵ؼҲ˵ǰصȥʹδǡۡ͡񡯣ʱֹͣǡġӣѾۡһͨˡأо˼ʮ꣬ûͨ
˵䣬ںɽչؼʮ꣬Щɥ
㽫۾ϣȻʹ԰ɣӦܷʲô
۾ϣ۾ϲǿô
ַû۾ͱ˽սô˵ַҲ޷
ַ۾ʱ
û˻棬ֻʶڸӦ˵ĳ֣ʱȫûзκá
ַ緢۾ûлĳ֣ȫĸӦȫʶȡ
ʶʱӰ죬දྲ
һо˳ֵٶȱָоַĸоʱѾˣ÷ǳ΢СԺԲƣַĸܣ޴ӷ
һĸַ˷ܲѣֻҪҵţһܳɹ
ͻȻҪʶȫøо
о
ַٴʵ飬ʶ۾ʼʱȥӦСʱȴʹò
˽սһиҶܸожϳʱҪһýʩչ۾ʶ۾Ӿ񾭴ԣڿĻ棬ʱýʩչ˳㿴ĻѾֻ㿴ıûб֮۾رӾ񾭣ʹʶӦʹʱ˽սȻҿˣ׽һĿռı˵ĳٶȷǳȶʱĳһ֮ϣҿʹõʱʶΪýʩչرӾ񾭣ʶʱʹˣҲ˵ʱҪýģжϵû񾭺ʶĸӦﵽһ£ϣ͵һһƤëͿСΧʹÿռ
Сٻʱԣַ磬ҪľǱ۾ʱʶϣȽ֮۾Ӿʶʱϣͻ󹦸ɣ
Сٻ˵ͨ׶ַҲһЩŵ
ַϲнСٻָ°빦
˵ףѣ
İʱַÿ춼ڶҲִ˲ˣΪַͬʱҲܴиһЩ֪ʶ
˸оַһһʱ䣬Լǧĸ򻹶࣡˷ܲѣȻûʱ츳ţֻҪַʱԼҲɣ
ַ֮ڽۡ񡯺ʱߺ϶ΪһַڽľСɣ
ַһƽ֮ڵʱ֮£ʱ֮£ַ粻κξУͬΪĸ֣˵޵У
ڣÿ˵ĶսѾʹսַɵĻʥתκι
ַ绹޷ܣַ翪ʱҲ㲻Ĺٶȣ
ַ֪ԼΪʶǿ
ַȻ󣬵ڴĿռ֮ǻ״̬ûпЩʶַ绹Զ
Ѿʱôǿ˺ͻ಻ѡ
ַһ£ûʲôЧ
򲻴ַҲ
˵˵ַչǧ꣬һɡ
ַľǱչȻôʱµս񻯣ڵĶѾҪѹƲסز
ÿκƷʹôȪˮѹƣĻµ춾֮塣
ǿѹƣȺµ念֮󣬾ͲǶĶ֮壬ΪһöʦȻöʦҲǳǺ춾֮岻һεģڵصĲ
ڷһ飬ڣ
ˣڵʱƽڿռħʦĿռô
ڵΪ϶⣡ڤħٶȣǿԶܿռġ˵ʵȥڣҲȥ
ַƲ̰ͣ
˲ĵʲô̰ռǵʶ̽ⲻģֻҪǼ̤˿ռ壬ֻʱĹܽǴӿռʱڿռ֮΢Ǿͻȫʱѷ죡
ǵľ磬ʲôֻҪַܽǴӿռ֮Ǻǡ˭סˣ֣ʥصǸϲҲ£
˰βͼûмռ˲˶ռ壬Ǹռħʦֱӳֱʱշ籩򡯣ạ̊́
ַҾǸռħʦĿռûӵ̶ֳȰɣôΪʲôڵˣȻˣûָ߶ȣˣΪ飬˵ʲô
˷Ȼ£ûмռĿ£ҿĿùˡˣȥˣǶ£һʲô㱻ʱѷ죬걬ѣֻҪӳôһ˿һ
ַٴγڵĵ̣Σַ硢顢Сٻˡħһ˶ɢǿʶǰ֮ڡ
Σַ粢û˱ϴڤħǰ棬Ϊ̽·ܵĸַʮ׷Χ֮ڡ
Ϊ˵һռ壬˷ֻһڣһһ˲Ƚ˿ռ壬ôַҪڳȥӳڣԣҶĸַ磬˳ַ߹İȫ·ߣȵ˿ռ壬Ҳַ磡
ַһ·϶ʱҲַ翪ʱϢʱͺá
һ˷˼ʱΣһ˶ûп
жϵûϴǷ˲ãжĵǣȷǸռħʦڲÿռ壬еķˣҲùˣ˵ĳ俴ǵĺϷء
˵ûѾڵΧѾڵĺˣ㿴ĽˣϰĶʥ
ַ͸Ӧˣڵĵַ಻ѣԽɣַоڵǿڵϵǿѾﵽǧϣ
ȻЩٶ࣬˶
˵Ļ˵ԼֻʹʵСʱʱ䣬ὫڵɽĵضȫΪƽأȫɱһֻӬܲȥ
˺ͻռʹһʹã»ɿռռǿ˻飬Ҳᱻռѹ޻߾ʱѷ졣
ڣѶԸľǸռħʦ
ַӵɱȥڲʱ򣬺ο˵ռڵĻĳڵ£ôţµ·ˡ
ַʱûκΣա
ʱ˵ѾҵҪҵˣǸɫĵھŲ㣡
˵ͬʱַ˵ʶ˾޺ˡѡ
ַ磬ҪСˣ⹬Χǿߺ٣ֻҪ٣ܵʱ塣
š
һɽ֮ϣͱڣƣ֮
ַ˽ܾ£ٷУʼ򹬵λû

ַͻȻǰƽĿռ֮ͻȻһĶһ̣޾ʱշ籩˷ɶ
籩ַǧ׵ľ룬ַо˲ȵΨһĳϷǧϵľ룡
ʱ֮£ַܸܺжЩ˿̵˺ͻֻоǰһڣ޾ʱշ籩ӭֻеķݣ
һٶǶ飿ǧ׵ľ룬֮һͿԳȥǣҲߵķ籩ǲ֮һʱ䣬ͻὫһɣ
ʱ֮£ַĿʱշ籩ҲĿڣ
ʱΨһܿƿռ
ַڤħһ˴ӳڳ˳ȥ
ȥַ֮תͷ˿ռ˲ϡ
ַ罫˾ȳ֮𷽲ܵ޾籩оֲѡ
˺ͻɫÿʲô¶ûһһĿŴҡ
ȻֻǸͨˣôٶȣǸܲġ

ɫ㣬ѺͶһ׷߿ǽǶľ޴ˮ֮еĻ棬˶ڳ
һԱһɫ˫޾ѵĽº˯Ǿޡ
תͷ԰׷ߵ̻ʣ֪ô£㲻˵Ŀռ鶼ɱôΪʲôЩ˰Ȼ
׷һͷɫһ˵ף˵ߣֻǴϵͷ֮жϳĿһʮͷ꣬Ӣ쳣
½Ľ̻ʡ
ռĽ̻ʶп½Ĺ̻ǿʮħô½ǿħ½ǿһ
Ӿ֮˹Цֻֿ֣ܣи߽׵ĿռħᣬħĴߣڶܣ֮ҲһռǿߣöݵĿռ䴫ߣ
ѵɫÿ֣㲻˵κ˱ʱѷ죬鶼޷ôҲ˵˿ռ壬ͻʱշ籩˺ѣ˭Ҳûʱȥκ£ʱʹÿռħôߣռѷ֮ȫʱշ籩ʱշ籩ǿҲֿסǿռ䲨ң£ռ޷ͷţͷţҲᱻռѹ˵ϣֻһ߽׵ĿռħʦôԷ֮ôпռǿߣ
ֿܶƷɫÿ


369 Ԫ
֣ⲻڰôο¶޾ԣ⼸˺ǳģҸоǵܿģֻҪӦҸôһ޵ľѪߣ
Ц֪⼸ҲллİҵԼᴦ˿ˣҲ˰ɣ
һģ֣ҶˣʲôҪҶӦֻҪľһξѪɣľûʲôӰ죬αزӦأ
װΪҲ֪ʲôʵʲô֪ҵľ޵ľѪִ߿Ƽ豸ȥ¡ޣĸ㣬Ǻǡ㵽ʱ¡ޣĨ޵ļ䣬һЩļ䣬ͻһ޵дʲôԼ
ɫһ䣬ָܿЦ֣˵û¡ޣҳϣֻ¡һֻѣԼãô¡أ
ҡͷҲ㣬ÿ¡Ѿ¡ǧ򶥼ǿߣЩҶ֪㵽ʲôĿģҲ֪һ仰Ƕ½ٶǿߣƼڶûãʱ򻹻ȡǶ½ĵǲģ
֣ȫˣҸûҪǶ½ҪС壡ʮɳǿѰܲЩüĿ¡ǿߣ뽫ħô½𣡡
ôȻҰô嶼֮أǶԸǶ½ѵΪСô
ı˵˳ҲװˣѾװˣҲװˡ
ѣǱҳô
ǺǡԪ֣ΪɱôɱңΪӵóȥô
һ˦ЦȻִţΪֵĸˣ֮ǰһ䣬ǼˣܿģֺΪ֮
ſȥ
Ѿʱ䣬Ϊһξ޵ľѪһֱѾܾ
ǰڷΧ˼˳ˣѸо⼸˵ʶѹ֮Ѿף⼸˲Լܿģʱ˵ܰæԸ⼸ˣҪһξ޾ѪѺһףӦ˿ڵס⼸ˣռ壬⼸ȴɱ֮Ѹȥȴûг
Ľ죬⼸ǰڣԼõĿռһܽɱû뵽⼸ȴ˳
ϣա
⼸֮ͣУѸǡ
뽫ѵΪȻǶʥǿռǳ£Ԫѹſһˣˡ
Ȼ˵Ŀռûռľ磬ʹÿռ֮ʱҲǳռᣬЩᣬɱͬǿߵ
֮һ½һῪս
ѲҶԸҲóȻ֡

ַ緽ųռ壬ʹʱľ̫󣬼˲û򹬵ԭϢ
ַʱ˵ˣһ̣֮ǰ˵ʱ֮ʹʱ˽սЩԹ߶ܿʱͱ죬ʱֵ˶ǲ
˵ǿ϶ǶΪˣǣʱǣǾȳȥҲֻһܿʱǸͿʱǿ֮Ǹʱ֮ʹʱֹͣʱɱʮ飬Χ۵顭԰ַ磬ʱֵ˿ĻôʮʱֹͣˣҲôܰ԰
˼ĵˣЩ˱ǿ϶ܸоԼסˣѵʱʧȥʶɣ
˵ַ˰Һ㽻ֵʱʹʱʱҸоԼٶȱֻܸоٶȱѣ
ֳַ飬ˣң
˺ͻѹƵʥתַɱ˹ȥ
ַʱ֮£˺ͻĶǳ˺ͻַٶȴǳ죡
ֽȻ෴ĸо
˹Уĸо
ɫѿ⼸˴ǳƣѵڧˣǲ԰ǶûõֻٶȺʽ
۾
ͬʱ۾ֻʶж϶Էķλȥսǻĸоַо˺ͻо졣
֮˶ͣһᣬǶ˵Ȼ
Сٻһᣬʱ˵ַ磬жϵûʱλϵʱ䲻ܳתĿԻصȥʹδôռ򲻾ͻôٸӣһʱ֮صʮǰɱ㣬ôڵôصȥɱ˼߼ǧˣôʮʱջʲô
СٻҲÿռתʱ䲻תռתֻǽһ˴͵Ŀռ䣬ռһܶ̾Ĵͣʱ䲻κγͻʱ仹ڼʱת磬ڻصʮǰǰôʮǰǲǻһʮ㣿һռôܳ㣿ǿռô
ַýСٻ˵ķǳַȴиоǳãȻ
ַͻȻĳԽϵĹ£һ˴Խ˹ȥ֮ʱԽоĲʿ˵صȥҪҪ͹ȥκ˽ӴֻȥɼһЩŴı걾Ӵȥˣܸܿıȥʷôʷһı䣬ôûδδͻʧռͻʧ
ַ飬˸ҵؼ˵ǿԻصȥԽδ
ǰ˵ûҲ˵ǵҲû߾磬ʱ֮Ǹ棬Ǹռ䡣˵صȥʹԽδУֻǶʱ֮µ˶ԣ
˵Թ߿ʱ߱죬ǿ˱ʱֵǸռڵʱ򱻸ı䣡˫սˣ㿴˺ͻǿ죡Կĸռڴһƽ⣡ʱ䲢δı䣬ռԾҲûиı䣬ʼշһлռ䣬Ǹʱ䷶Χǹƽ⣡
СٻĻٸ򵥵ӣռ䶼ֳԽռʹãͻıռƽ⣬٣Ӱ˿ռĲƽ⣬˿ռһ񾳽ˣֹô֮䣬ֿռĹȫСһķΧڻǿѹסȥôپͲ֣ʱһֹ򣬵ʼҪƽ⣬ǿ
Сٻַ˵˺ַܶ࣬绹ǲףʵСٻҲƶǶֻ˵ǵļѣַȥοѡ
ַʹһʱʲôֲ֪Լʲôһ¶ĸо
һʱַĵľȫָСɫȥ
ӭλѵ
ַ˸շɵſϿգѳž޳˹ſڡ
¿֮һ˿ĺâǺܿ콫ԼѹסڲǱʱ򣡵ǺţֻҪԼ念һдˣ
ַڵ档
ַѣ䲻һĻ֮ࡣ
˫ľϣȻѾһǳȫľ롣
Ŀ⵭Ŀַ磬Ц֪λķѣν£
ħô½Ķѿ϶ʶǰ⼸˵Ϊûһܿģʶ϶ͽ⼸˵ǧ֮ڡ
Ѷʱо⼸˱ԼǿԼǿˣôΪѲȥ
ѾȻǹƥַܸоЩԣﲻ˵
ַ絭ЦֻǽһЩСѣǵ㲻֪ҲաרŰݷʥߣľϼá
һȴ˿δЦ֪ҪǾϵʲôأ
ʵҲ࣬ҪǣǺ;Ѫ
𣡣
µľԣŭһ죬ŭ΢࣡㾹ȻԲѣҪս޵ϣ
˴Ц΢ࣿȻô΢ΪҪˣҪĳȻ˱΢ˣ㲻Ǹ΢ôûҲֻǵ͵޶ѣʲôϣЩǰƨǣ
Ҳǵ͵޲˵һûеڵĵ͵ޣڳ޺Զǰ㻹˵ϣ
Ѻ;޶ûΪ˺ͻĻȫˣ
ֻ޺ͱ޲ſԿ˵ǰǸߵ޻˵ô
޵һȻ˺ͻŵǴӴеļ֮˰춼ûпǰʲôƷ֡
ͻȻЦ㱻ˣô߽ױޣڱǰ꣡
ЦǾ˱Ҵ˵ֻһֻѣڱǰô˵
޴Ļצһһֱȥ
ͣ
ͻȻռһҵĲһޱǿ޵Ѿԭ֮һ
ֻ֮һٶ֮죬þûзӦ
޴󾪣ɱУһ𱻻ɡ
˴ЦǿЦ㻹ޣôס
Щ˴ӼǧɶŭԪѹôԵ
Ԫ
һ
ԪԶʮ֮һ֮Զʮ֮оףҶûз֡󷨷ΪŲ㣬ǳǿԪ֮ڣеԪضգҲ˵֮ڣû˿ʹκֻٶȿУȻԿռʱЧġȻ󷨲ѹ˵
ַʱʹһԼȴ֣ʲôʹòռûκԪظӦԼһʹȫգ
ѾԪ֮ڣǰһ弶󷨣ֻʥ֮µҲмѹƣŻһѹ֮Ѻ;޷ΪĹȫᱻԪ󻯽⣬֮ûжܲűУ
ַ֪ˣҵѾѹˣںһͨ죡˵Ѻ;޵ᱻѹƣ
ġ񣬶Ԫֻ󷨣û£ѹƲסǿǾŲԪĻ磬ȥҲ·һ
Ѵ˿ȫ΢΢ԪԼµ󷨣֮µȫᱻԪգǡĹȴ͸󣬾Ȼ֮һ˾ޣ
ǵʲô磡ѵ񾳽磡
ַ翴һ㵵ѣЦѣġԪǵסǵģʶĻͰѾ޽ǣǲΪ㣬㲻Լɡ
ЦǼôԪô򵥣бǾͶְɣҸǣɱңܵסǧô
Ǻǡ֪ΧѾʥΧû˵֮½Ϊϣǧܵסǣ
ȻѾµˣǶԷ׿˵ѻ𾪲ѡ


370 
ʥصʥ֮⣬ôܻ
ԪϹʮ֮һ弶󷨿񾳽֮µΪʲôԷʹԼ
ѵԪ⣿ô
ֻһܣǰ϶
ڵͷǽã񾳽ǿߵͷһ㶼棬ЩҪɱԼľޣ
Լ㶪ʧ˼ʮʥŵõģԼܽȥô϶ܣ
ǿѹסԼô֪ħô½ǲʹóʥǸʹô
˴ЦѣʹôˣʥصЩϲıͺгɱ٣
ЩˣôΪʲôأֱɱҾǣΪʲôҪ˵ôࣿ
ڹ˼ʲôأ˼ʥصڴꣿ
겻ܣѾаϵʥѾΧǲĻôǿݣģ
ѵĴ֮һҡ
˿ַ̣ڹ˼ǸصĿռħʦ
Ȼ˵ʶڹ֮̽⣬ǧˣûҵǸռħʦַ˶ȷһпռħʦ
ԪиռħʦĻַ˵جΣԪǲѹƿռ
ַ˲֪ռħʦ½Ŀ̻ʣÿռ䴫ˡ
ַ֪Ļ϶ͽˡ
ַ˾ˣ
ЦȻҪɱҾޣǺһս
̽Եƣַ˶˼û˶֡
ǵڹ˼ʲôأ
ʱŴɤŶַ㲻ôѵƲô
Ҳûа취Ҳ᲼ԪΪû󷨵ϣýѧϰһĻͻ᲼ˣҳƽ֮
ںͷȥôȥƽԶ󣬽Ҳ
ֲַܵģɲһ󷨣Զʮ֮һ󷨣
ַͻȻ뵽˲ˣô󷨶˵ѹô
ˣˡ󷨶Ч
˵ѽôû뵽ء
ʱ֣һûӦκ͵ĳǧ֮ľޣȫͽȻ˵Ĺȵĵ
Ȼֻ̽ҲʥתĹѾȻӲ
ħô½תͻռ˳ȴᣡΪ˿ʥڹΧ֮ڡ
˺ͻҲѹסռĹ
˵Ĺͷû١
һϲȥԸѣεȵס
ַȴڿһ飬ûͻ񣬵ɢǳֲһľתʥҪǿǧٱ
ʲô
ʱʥѾ˶㣬ҲǵھŲ㣡ʯҲԲҲԵľƷʯѾȫƽ⡣һûʥûн㣬ԵʯûдﵽŲԲϵʥʥʥĿʼʥ
ʥĿʼַ粻⡣
ȥħ½֪ˡ
鲻Զ˵
Сٻַ磬룬ڵɱһһľתʥǲǺףȫɱѣõſ⣬ɱһ񣬾һת֮ûУ
룬ʥת񾳽ֻһһҡΪʲô֮ô֮ңмô࣬Ǿ˵ʥתкܴռ䣡ѲʥתʥҲֻʥĿʼѣǰʥǡαʥ
ַˡ
ַˣ¾ͽˣ˵ûа취
ȻУֱӽѹɷĩǸռħʦ棬Ҳֻӵķݣ
ַ˴ǰֻɱ޵ģҪɱѣԪôֱӾܽɱתϵԪѹƲס
صƻռĹɿռͻʥصΪУ


ʥصǸ飬˵Ƕ֣ӵоħڣڵΪʲô磬˭Ҳ֪
ԣڣַ绹ΪʥΪС
ڲ֣Ǹռħʦһǰпռ壬Լô죿
ЩˣԭڼɵΪʲôʱסأ
Ѻ;Ѿ˻˸һѺ;Ϊ˷ֹ˼ַԶԶ˾룬ھַϵĿǻǾԵİȫ롣
˶֪ôʱħһʱλˣȥɣ˸ʱΪ
ַһжǿΪ˸ǣ
Ʋ͵ȥʲôãȻҽһЩڵҪڱȫѹƣȥô
ǡ
ûʲô˵һߴȥ
һ˵ʲô˴ϡ
Щħ鶼һžôǾôˣ
˿ϣַҲϡ
ûа취ˣû֪Ԫ󸲸ǵж
ڼ˳ʱ·֮⣬ĵطҴֻܴԭأ״İȫҲǰ˫žô
Ψһİ취ʹóԽתϵһʹãʥص˾ͻ
ַʱŸоռǿԲȷĿռ壬û˸ǰ
ռκ̽ⲻģӵпռ˲ܸӦ
ַȻʱڵȫѹƣںͨûʲôҲóȻǰ
ŭˣѣ㲻ޣҾͽΪƽأûа취Ԫ֮⣬ʥҾɱһɶ
ȥɱȻ˵ʥص˲֮ܽдĹҲһΧڲܣʥǺǣȥɱҾȫʹʥʱ͵ʥصŭɣ
޿֡
ʱѣΪȥħ½ˣط˼ô㽻ޣǸ㼸ƿȪˮôʱȥħ½Ҳռһϯ֮ء
Ȫˮ
ǰһĿⶢַ磬ϸϸʸ¿ַ磿
ַûǣ㽻ޣҸһƿȪˮľޣ
һƿ
һַдȪˮѻЩţַԼǰһھһƿ治ɫĲһ㶼ۡ
ЦȪˮǾ½Ŵҩ֮һһƿȷջǳ󣬻˭޷ܾҲỻ޸ôֵ꣬ܣҲΪȥ޸ǡ
һжĻзǳˬ
ֻҪѪǺ;ǣֻҪҲòɱްɣ
ַѯʽ顣
ȷɱޣֻһСƿѪһСھǺһǵķĩͿԡ
ַֽУô˵
ûʣ˵ˣɱ޻ǳ򵥣˭뵽Ԫ󣿡
õ˽Ŀ϶ַѵɣҸƿȪˮСƿѪһСھǺһľǣô
ƿеٰɣ
һƿǻľޣƿֻһƤë㻹٣Ҫ
ãɽ
ѿɲַ練ˣԼֻҪһͿԵõƿѾܶˡ
Ѷµľ޵ֵܣίˣҲˣǲô
ҲףΪУǽã
ǣھһ׶೤Ľõ߸һ׳СڣٷһСƿѪ󽫾޵ָһСڡ
ַ£ô
ˣȪˮ
ַȽȪˮǧ֮⣬þ޴ԭأԼǰȪˮ
Ѳַ˻˺ԼҪǾޣڰȫ롣ЮԼȾ޵¸ܷΪǸ߸ϵ޳ܵ£߸ϵЩ˸ġ
˫Ʒ֮ѷǳ⣬֣Ѿˣǰһжһᡣ
ַЦţȻҳˣпһֵġ
˷Żһĵˣͳѣȷ黹졭
Ŷˣ֣Һ𹫻֮ЩССìܣֿ֪ɲ԰æСС𹫻ʧô
һ㶣֣һǲ֮µģ𹫻ӰǳҪҲǳѣҴӦɵĳҲԸģڿɲһ˵㡭
ַЦ֣̫˼ˣǰڵΧźʥŵ˴ʮǿڱΧɱңԸźʥŵģҺѾΪѣҲ͸һᣬԺҲԼˣѵֲҪôҪĻҲνһͷźʥˣʱֿɲҪҵ鷳
һ㶣ַ˼źʥŶԸ𹫻ᣬȻַͲ׷źʥΧɱַˡ
֪Щźʥŵļʮǿ߶ַɱˣ֮ҲźʥŲҪַ硣
ֻ֮виΪźʥŵʦжԣھչźʥš
ã£ȥ𹫻ܿʧ
ôʹĴӦַһЦ
һźʥŻ𹫻ῪսֻҪѲ֣𹫻ٴҲлһ;
ַн赶ɱõǡôѲò𹫻ᣬҲҵ
ǣ
ͣλг
ַЦ´ʱ򣬾ڸ֮ʱ
ַٴλص˱ݡ
Īƺʥӭַ硣
ַõҩʥ֮и̾ѣַֻ˲˴ֱʡ
޾ĲƸȪˮඥʦʦһַ綼˷ص
ʱ䣬ûжĸı䣬һж֮С
ϣ˺ȵĴ
ɢϯַ֮ùоƾϳ⣬Ϊƾ
񽳼ĵҩ齫ҩ֮ҲСơ
񽳼֮µĵҩٷְƳɹ񽳼ĵҩڽ˵Ҳаٷ֮ʮµʧʡ
ٷ֮ʮȻС鲻Ҷģҩ֮ϵҪһ˿ơ
ʱڽһ֮Уƶɣ
ŵҩŰɫɢͳʪϢܿҩ֮ɢžɫ
ڽռƵκεҩװǳƷ٣Ҫٵϴ
ռ䵽һôĿռ䣬ַ粢֪ҲǽܣֵܣҲַ硣
һɣѾǵڶ硣
ַ罫ҩװһµУǳҵ֮󣬽´Լķ䡣
ãˡ
硭
²֪ȥԼϲú˷ܣֱӳ嵽ַĻıסַʵ塣
ãڷΪβ
ַ罫һźҴСľɫҩ˳
̿Щʹ࣬ãҪš
·ǳƽĵİɣ磬ٴʹҶס
½ҩ£ϥַԣַʶ͹ɢÿһλ۲źڵ״


371 һ
ںµڿٵڻַڻ֮ҩ¾Ѩλ͵֮ڵֱ֮ӳ˹ȥ
ǿ֮ҩ֮󣬿ʼ;ҩԿߡ
ǾҩǺεǿ߸ոҩͷ֮ϯȥ
ҩٵ֮֮У߿ʼɺںϣ֮ȶ񱩵Աķǳº͡
ں֮֮ȥӦ͸µ塣
ַͷϺˮֱֻҩȥ֮ںϣַ֮޷Ƶģ˿ȫַҩ֮ںµս
սǺµ壡
вµͻֲܵˣ
ǰȪˮΪѹ֮֮ʱȪˮȫ֮Ŀǣ֮£ᰲܣԲҺȪˮ⣡
Ծҩ֮ͬẦ£Ҳɢȫ;ҩԿȫֲݵļƣ
ҺַʶǿӵڵÿһϸСĲ֣޿ײ֮ҲַҩѹƵġ
ַʱŽе֮;ҩںϣں֮֮ǰҪǿǧٱѾºͣѾȫӦ˺µ壬Ҳµκ˺
ڸƵĳʱĹ֮Уÿÿ¶Ҫҩ֮ġս˺ѷܵʹӲĳ
ûпޣû֣ûкҲû
ַ簵̾µ׾ʲô˼͵ľ
һΪǿߣҪЩʹಢѣǺֻһͨŮ
мΣ²ʹ˹ȥǻؽҧǿͦ
ֱַ֮󣬺¾֮һѣ˹ȥ
ַһѾȻԣݿˣ
ַºȪˮַȪˮҩú»ָΣַ緢ȪˮԺڵ֮Ѿûκѹƺ͵
Ȫˮڻָźµ壬֮ҲΪµ壡
֮;ҩ֮ѾȫǺµǶҩҲˣ㣬ַ𾪲ѣ
ںѾ֮壬֮ںĿɢҪΪһؼȥ
һؼô
˵ô
ַ㲻ܵĽôôؼûһؼô
ϻˣȥҪ϶ܶࡣ
ַҵˣҪ
ãȻؼ
š
˼ûС
ַȻɣĸؼǹô㲻ϲղظؼôôûж
˵Ǹ֮٣Ҷûжɾ͡ҪǣǸ˶䣬͵˽ս潻սԲ˺͸¶
ַ˵ĻлûУ
ûС
ռö֮Ҳ֮٣ֻȥ򶾹ȥҡ졯ˡ
ַҲΣо֮һۡ
µ֮ڵε֮ЩؾµһɢںڣԺµûӰ죬ЩغǿƲסģԻͶسͻú߻ħ롣
ԣڱؼ
ַ֮оϵıĺʤǰ֮ǰֻʮ׷ΧɢűϢڣֺ˵ܵ䣬ֱӻ˵꣡
ַ˸
ûؼ֮󣬺Щɥ
ãģʹȥҶ졣
ַ˵Űźµ֣°ο
ǵַֽӴµһɲǣַƱ˺ɫһĺѸٵַ
ַһæջ֣һƿȪˮ
ȪˮΪС
磬ԲҲ֪ô£ҵֽӴ֮ʱҸоڵĶؾͿٵתơ
ַҲǾһԼ壡Ȼ޷ֿصʴַ籣֤ԼʱջֵĻһʱԼ
ûȪˮĻֶػҪַ
֮ǳ£Ů˼еľֻ֮һ˿Ķؾڼ֮ɱһʥȪˮ֮⣬ûκεĽ֮
ڵĶأƻ쳣ǿĶأһҲˣ
ʮ֮󣬺ڵĶȶزԶţΪ֮Ӵˡ鴫˺һ׼򵥵Ϣ֮֮ϵĺҲڣֻҪƽŭ𣬺Ͳš
ʮַһֱںź¡ʥÿ춼ַָͺַͺչ˵ĺúõġ
λַ緢ʥ߱˺ܶ࣬ǰϲԼ
ַ磬ʥߵļѾȫַָ֮Ȼ
ַȥһ׼ٴγ
ȥɷ֮֮еħȥˣȥȥˡ˵棬ʵȥַȥˡ
ַЦһﹻڷܵġ
ַ粢ûд˺ͻͺ³ȥҶ졣
˸ճãշһӴĹǻ
͵͵ȥ棬Ҳң
ǳ
ַҲǿæôû㣡
ҵˣ£Թôæѵ˵Ҫô
ַƲ͵ôΪʲô⼸һֱãΪβǩԼܸӦ˵Ϊʲô
չô飬ô˼˵ĺ£һȥˣˣ˵Ҵô죿ôСϴ˵һ䣬Ϊôãߺߡ
µɫ΢΢һ졣
Ǹ˭Сˣϴε»ţ˵һô
ַ粻ɫĵҲǴô
ȻĵǣҪ뿪ݣ϶Ҫ£Σأұġ
Ǻðɡ
ַͺڻıϣȥ
а̵ģڷӡչǧˣҪطչôӿ϶Ҫȥ棡ȥ涼ӣߺߣļʱ
򶾹Ҳһɣڼǧǰ͹ħô½ɽǧǰħսöǣڵħɱһɶԴˣһս¼Ӵ֮󣬶ʧû֪򶾹
ַ˼кװʱ䶼ҵѵҲô
ַ绨˴ʯϢӶȵȷϢѰ򶾹ȣ
Ǯʹĥĸ磬ĸռ䣬ֻҪǮܶ¶˳İ쵽
ֻһʱ䣬ַ͵֪򶾹ȵĵص㡣
򶾹ɽ֮ϡ
źʥŵĵַ̣֮󣬵Ķšʥź𹫻ῪսϢ
ȻеϢźʥŻʤѹ𹫻ᴭ
ֻźʥź𹫻ῪսĻźʥŸòκαˣźʥźֻ֧֣Ҫϰʥͽ𹫻ѹģ
ǰʥôֱʣҲǲ֮ܲսѲܻ˹켣ֻǰ֧źʥţǺ𹫻־սĽ𹫻
ɽڣҲһƬ
ַ粢ûֱͣӷɽɽ
ַʶѰ򶾹Ȳѡ
򶾹ȣ϶죬඾ۻݲݻħ޿϶Ǵġ
ַһֱУʱַ֮ʶ̽⵽ĵ̡
ҪȥҪоŸʱ
ǰɣǡһ̡ĵ̣ǻǴƹȥʱͿԵ򶾹ˡ
֮һһ̣
ַЦһ̵ĸҲ޷
Ǻá
ʵ¶ѣɶǿƣҲδȥ⡣
ַ֪ţ»
ճ嵽һ̵ϿգԶͷٸ֡
ַĿЩǿɨѩһɫŮ
ַʻһ̶Ůô
ǣֻŮռλѣҲǳ࣬ĹȫޱȡǵĹע˫ޣŮ
ַ죬ϻֹ
Ц֮治УЩŮϵ˫֮һ̵Ĳ֮أ°빦ȿȡҲ˵ˡ
Ҫ˵뵽˺£϶ܵźµ˵
Ůŷ޵סַȥ·
Ϊ׵Ǹʮɢһֳ欵˿΢ЦĿַ硣
ȥʮʵµ˰֮ϡ
֪Ǻηͣǰһкιɣ
ַ΢΢һЦλǺãȥ򶾹ҩֻ·أ⡣дð֮ԭ¡
ŮַͺҲһ£һ̵˻죬ַҲǳʱַøб
Ϊ׵΢΢һЦͿˣȻλˣǿͣ뵽һԾ֮꣬򶾹ȶǰһҲЩԨԴ˵ǻ԰һ
ַЦʢȴҾ͹ˡ
ȻôȥһҲ˳·
λ롭
˷ɵĺȻܺͻٶᲢۡ
ַĿɨĻɽͷϿȶиߴĽɽһ޴ɽֳһ㡣
洦ɼЩŮУǴ˶ڹĽ̻֮ˡ
֮ɢȥַͺһϪСݡ
ܰٻţﻨ㡣
λ롭
ɴªλҪ⡣
ﻷţ羰ɾϲأôأ
޻ɣЩС
ðɡ
ܲԸĴ档
ڣΪַͺơ
Ϊ¡νº쳾һλ룡
룡
ͻȻж
ַ֪Ȫˮʲôµǰٶ֣ʲô
˶
СٻǴҺȪˮȻûнҩ
ַơ
ַ˾ƣʱǰٸ쳱һջĿַ磬ʼ½ſ֮ŮַΧ˹
Ůһһ½ɫ
ɫݣΪ˿һĻȥַĴ֮зǳԼô
ַŭ¶
ǰӭλһ̣ⴺһ̵طƣҩɽ⣬λĶԽͻɢԽ죬ܰɡ
ַ翴ԱߵĺɫЩ죬ڵ֮ڿٵĻⴺ
ַ缱æס˺µ۾ú¿ɦŪ˵Ļ桭
ʱͻȻһ޺˽һҽУһ޴ġ˽
ǻ
ַĿĶ۾ɨţҶǾȻ뺦ң
𾪲ѣûж
ַЦ˶ǰٶ֣ôжأңΪ¶һȫʬ
콿Цһ̵ĵ̣Բȫʬûɣ
ַ綯֣צһӣԱߵŮѾһѪ
һ£תǿߣȻһɱ
͹ЦҲ˭һǧʮ˸˶Ѿɱˣ
𾪵ȫԾĺ˼Ŀ⾪ֵĶŻ㡭ޣ
Цϻ˵ô
֪Լߵˣ˲ȥǵˡ
ַңΪʲô¶ǡ
Ҳûж⣬ֻλһ̡
ַЦ̣ô뷨ô
һ̵Ĺǲֻ֮˫ϲĿΣǲп֮̽ġ
齫һЩһ̵Ϣַ硣
ַŭƨ֪ͨһ̵Ĺͣͨ޵ƽֻ֮Ҫİһڽ֮˫ݣܵ﹦߾磡ҩҲ֮а³֮Щ๼
۾һˣ˵Ķһ̵طĶǲᴫЩͨӵģֻҪĳԱˣͷŹҰɡ
ַܷŹ뺦Լˣ
֮һֱɱ


372 
ǧ˱ɱûоطˡ
ַҵһ䴢ң漸̳װǬ˵ĺö
ַʶһַ˼ңвˡ
ȥַ֮类ʮһ̵˵ס
λʲôˣһ̵ˡ
ַ翴ҾһʮηѺĶǾ׳ˣ
ɱǵˣ
֮һʮ˱ʮ߸ʬ
ַ飡ЩЩ˶һЩŮַҲ
ַ緢֣Щ˵ǳãסǳݣÿ˶ǳˡ
ȴЩŮĥЩ˻ô˷ܣ
ַ֮ţ߰ɡ
Щ˶ЩĿַ磬ﶼţΪʲôҪߣ
ǰôŮ飬ҳԵĺסĺãǳȫöˡ
Դһ㶼õԼİȫˣÿ춼ڵӿ
ǲߣ

ֻ֪һ̵ʳѣǵľԪ
ַ绹û˵꣬Щ˶
֪ܱðɣ
ʯȹҲ

ַ
ЩͱˣѾȫЩŮԻûˣ߰ɡ
ַʵҲûа취ǣ
ʲôʱôˣ
ַΪˣڿЩ˱Ů˲кҿ϶Ҫȣ
ʲôȣ㿴˶ôģôݣҲĸԸͱ˰ɣ߰ɡ
ַԵôȲô
ȲˣˣȫƣˣҲɰ׳գ߰ɡ
һѾַ̡
Σƹһ̵ĵ̣򶾹ȵķֱֱȥ
Ÿʱַ㵽򶾹ȵĵ̡
ַʶһ̽򶾹ȵ֮ڽš
һΪ׵һ꣬һ£üĿһֱԱվ˾Ÿ£Ӣ꣬һ£֮жͰڵϢ
һΪ׵һŮ缫䱩¶ޣŨױĨŴԺĻŮ֮ȴ޾ջ֮һˣס۾ԻᱻԵ
Ůվ׷ԲԵϸߵϸЮһһµŮˡŮ˺ͶԷòơ
ŮĿĶ꣬ȵ죬㵽׾ȲңѵôģԼĸ׶ô
ĵΪһ̵ĽǧǰħΪĴˣǧжһͽУҾ㣬Ϊ˼ô
Ŀ䣬ȻϢ֮ɢһɼΪǿҵĺ⡣
ŮͻȻһ飬磬ˣȾҰɣշ޵֮ϣͳ־ȾңҲôʹ࣬Ҳ롭
򶾹ȵĹ죬Ůһ̵ĽƮ
ַǳƣԭǧǰͰƮǷޣ
쵭ĵǿյ֮ϣǧǰɱ㣡㲻ҵȰħѾѾûκιϵǧڴˣһֱҲκˣ񣬲ٳĸףΪһô
ƮͻȻỨ磬ĲǹҪٳĸ׵ģֻΪ˼һ档ԴǷֿ֮ǧҲһֱûд㣬ǰĹƲס߻ħҩҩÿ궼ΪƵҩѹħڴҩݱ⣬ѾѹƲסڵħϣֻܾңֻʣµĲ־ңҾͺĸᣡ
Цôˣ㻹֪ô룬ǵĶôģǵŮôģȫǱ㺦ģڣĸ׵вңƮΪһôĸˣҴɱĸ׶ȥΪĸ׾ТҸ㣬Ҳ㣡
Ʈҡ
磬֪ˣֻҪӦңĸףһ̽Ҳˣһ̴Ӵ˽ɢôȾҡ
ΪСΪһĻôƭһôΪһ̵ĽƭҶٴΣһδε㣡ǳң㾹ȻΪһ̽λãǶӺŮˣΪһ𣿡
ƮͻȻɫһ䣬һİ֮ȫȻЦ죬˵Ҳ˶ӺŮڹĸ׵ô˵ףǻһˣһҽĺɱΪʲô˾ôһ飬㵽ǾȻǲңȵĻɱĸף
ĺɱɱ˶Ǹɱ֮ˣҶʲʲô˾ӣҴδɱһˣ
ַ翴ĳԼĸףҪȻͲˣƮѾƵûа취ˣ첻ԼҲûа취ɱ򶾹ȣûǸ򶾹ȵ֮
֣
Ʈһ£ߵϸһȥЮŮӵֱ۱
ҧгݣŭȭͷյֱ죬һԹĶŰƮ
Ů΢ĽһӣҪħͷĸѾ˼ǧˣѾˣ˾ˣûʲôˣĸˣסһҪɽΪĸױ𣡲һ̣
ƮЦ죬¶ڴˣҲ֮£ô񶾵ԣΥô
ҧгݣƮҷ¶ûҵľŴûУֻҪҵĵӳɽΪĸױ𣡡
ǺǣĵӣŸôѵ㲻ǵĸ׾϶ġΪǾŸܸҿôǾŸֻѧһƤëѣһٶޣȻûѧϰö֮жҶ֪һ
һ飡׾Ȳң
֪ƮѾɱģǰƮĲܾȣǧǰԼѾ˿̾ԲٴһΣ
ݺһҧ˵ˣȣɱĸףɱֻµ
ҵġƮĸӶˣ֪жʲôطţ˵ĿռָʱԼȥ
ɱ
ַ缱æţ
ħһһǿϸϵĽɡ
ַء
Ʈַͺ£ʲôˣ
ַ԰ƮҿԾ㣬˶ǰĸס
ƮһĲм㣿Ծңʲôȣ
Ȫˮ
ַĻһ䣬ڳһ
Ȫˮ
ַûַ硣
Ʈַ磿ѵģȪˮ
Ʈ˵֮䣬ȻЩƲסԼЩ
Щɵ˺ȥ֮£ȻַѪħֵôЩҲ֪һֻûȥĶѡ
ƮԴ֮󣬽һҲ˰Ѱַ磬һֱҲ
ַóһƿȪˮ˰Ʈ
Ʈ֮󣬴ƿӣһ󼤶ȪˮȪˮ
оŴҩ֮һȪˮڣƮͿԽħȫųö־ˡ
ַڿԷ˰ɣ
Ʈ룬ڽַ£ȪˮȫŮҲɱҲɱһã
ϸϸһ룬ַô޿ָ֣ôȪˮԼ϶Լ
Ʈַл´ҩȣ¸м֪ΪҪң
˭֪²ûеڱ£ַóȪˮ
ַֻǲ뿴˼ҺͶǰѣˣҲΪ㣬˺ˣһһˣ
Ʈһŭˣ
Ʈߵϸʹ˸ɫ
ϸַŭԲѣҶǽô˵
ϸ䣬ַķ
Ҫ֣
ַһʥתʵ
̰ǹ£
ǽһޱȣȴԷɵĻ⡣
䣡
ַ类ɣ˷ɳǧ֮Զ
⹥ʥתôܣ粻ǲܳʥô
˼ҲαʥʥѾﵽƽ⣬һƽ⣬ͲõҲǳתôѵô
أ
Ѿķ룬϶٣ʹʥĹһĿռкͣԺˡ
ַ绹ƶǶ
򣡡
ַձɣϸ׷ǰȥַ档
ţ򣿡
ϸû뵽ԷʩչٶȻô죬ʩչ֮ǰûκεԤס
ϸоԷǳǿ󣬸ոʹԼȫԵѹƣ
ϸ֮£ʹ
ϸҲɫɫǳģȫַܺȣ
ַ翴ϸ֮ףǡα򡯣ʥҪ׶Σֻнα߲㣬кһ֮ͻɵĻΪڱϵ
ϸոʹһַ̣ͻȻâϸαɶȥ
һ̣ϸޱ𾪵ķ֣ԼڿٵţԷȴ׳
ϸ֮£뼱æջ򣬵ǷԼ񱻶Էסһ㣬޷룡
ϸ˫Ŀ͵ɣǡо
ϸ֮УϸĿԼɣΪֵûУ
ϸһ̣ȴһѺɫ
˰ɣǡоӵ߶һԼԵǷǳǿ󣡶ˡоӵκ֮¶ᱻɣ
ַǰ֪ǿ󣬵û뵽ôǿ˿ַ̣ᵽ
ַɱϸ֮˰Ʈǰ
ƮҸȪˮ㣬㾹ȻҪɱң㵱ΪҲҽնɱڴô
Ʈ󾪣ǹ³ַ̽磬ɱַȻãɱԼҲ˵ڣ˷ַ֮󣬻ϸ֮ǰǺַġݡ
ƮæִˣҵҪ㣬ʱԳ֣Ҳִ
㻹ˣ
ǣִˡ
ĸ׻ص˶ߣַ춪һƿȪˮַû˵ʲôΪһҽȻ֪ô
лִ˴ҩ
ĸ׺ССһȪˮһ̣ĸѾ˵ֱۿɼٶ˳
ҩû뵽Ҷ֮껹ӵҩ
˿һһĻ𾪲ѡ
Ʈʱִַˣһֱħô½ɽ֮Уյüõ˴ҩСһСǸмִûʲôµĻ뵽СסһۣСıضúдִˡ
ʲôѵ
ַѾ֪ˣһ֣ǰԼϵ۵Ĵˣ
ַҶǰ£߰ɡ
Сȸˡ
Ʈ龪һ죬Һϵ۵ĴûзŭҪȻԼˡ
ַ籾뽫ƮնɱڴˣǱֹˣڶԸɻʱ
Ʈַ֮졣
ǰһ󡣡
ִˣֱɡִ˴ҩ£ʲôִ˾˵
ַλã춾֮壬ǰΪǰһؼ
Ŀⶢ˺£һ֮̽ͻȻ󾪣ɫһ԰ףЦǲۣһΪһʧû뵽仹һ춾֮壬
쿴ź£ѣƺЩʧأòƽϢ


373 ֮
ʦ֮ǰһңĶӲĽҵˡ춾֮塯֮˵ڰ˲ȴֹͣǧһֱ޷ͻƵھŲ㣡֪ҵ⣬ȻҵϺʣǺ춾֮֮𣡶Ҳֻ춾֮ſھŲ㣡
ǧĴΣȥЩʲö֣ǧʱ䣬ֻҵ˾ŸҲߵľŸӣֻǰ㣬㶼޷ͻƣʦ֮ǰ˵ҵϵˣôͽӡĳȵԵˡٹʮ޽һΪһҪؼʧˣû뵽֮껹ܿ춾֮壡
ַԼǰǲһλҹ㣿һƾҩ
ôһ£ҵĴӽӼҴӽʱ㱨ңҸо˿˵Ů֢״ħֻоκãκ֮춾֮壡Ǿƶɣ׿㲻˵ƾľֲϣǾҲδѰȫͷŮҩΣͷధ󣬲ƣҲŸҩͷȻȥҲûϢ
ͻȻ뵽ַô֪ϢĿ漴ת˺ϣͻȻ뵽ʲôȫȻһ
㡭ִ֡ˣõǰСǵͷŮ
ַ΢Цͷ
⡭ôܣѵƳ
ѵѵռ˾ľϣ
ַٴεͷ
ռҲһۣǰռϣ֮ƾ·¾Ҷǰǰ趾ؼ
ַĻûκλɣȻ𾪲ѣΪǰַϵ۵ĴˣôΪ֮ҪѰҾľֲϲ¡
ƾռ˲ˣЩԵüˡ
ǣ繦ڶ࣬ȻǶĶͬ๦ӦþӶ࣬ΪҪԼأ
㣬ûж룬񽫡ȥǵһҪ¡
λˣ
˴ַͺ½ȡ
֮ǰóŵҩִַˣƵġܶں޳£ڵκζﶼִˡ
ַûгԡ
ַȪˮľ磬ﶾ˲Ҫǣ˵Ҫоŵҩ
򶾹ȴԶ
ļ紺Ļľַδ쳣ַ֪ЩޱȵĶմо綾֪˵أʱɥ
ַ򶾹ס
콫´ߣԸ´һЩ
ȻǶҪҪзǳʵĻСÿ춼ϤĽ̵Ҳѧϰķǳ졣
ʱĺܿ죬ת¼š
ҲһЩķѾܴﵽĻ
죬ַ磬˵Ҫһδ䡣
ַŶ򶾵Ĵ֮ڣȣ촩һոµĺۣڴ֮Ϊ׵λá
ľŴӰվڴ׵λá
·ϯλϰʳ
Ȼ豸ªյׯϡ
ַЦǰ򶾹ȵͽʽرġ
ͽҲúλǿǶλãַȴǾЩر
켱æִˣˣҿûʸ´˵ʦ
ַ粻⣬ǣ
ҵĴ޽ֻܻʮ꣬ҵȪˮҲֻʮ꣬ǽ򶾹ȹλô¡
ַһ㶣æǰЩװɡ
ִ˵˼Сִһɾ£㴫С֮λ϶λֵطȫλɣֻǽ򶾹Ⱥ͡ȥɡ
ַˣֻ뽫¶ѣ򶾹ȣҲһ˼ϣַͺµݽ򶾹ȷ
ַ֪֪粻ϵ۵Ĵˣô룿
λǳ򵥣Ƕȥ仰Լλ󽫹֮λ£ҸڵĻ񾴾ơ
֮󣬿ϯȾƣ̸
¶򶾹ȹ²ûôϣֻҪ̻ԼԼɱΪĸñٻźʥΪүүͺá
ο򶾹ȵֻжĵʮˣҲûʲôùġ
ַͺ򶾹ȣѧ֮ڳȡ
ڶϤĽ̵֮£ǳ졣

ֹºĳһ죬ͻȻһЦӶͺ±չ֮
ַ춢ź£˷ܲѡ
ôˣǰ
ѹƿһԼ̲סĲѾͷ춾֮壬֮壡
ַһ֮壿
ͷһ֮֡ǰ֮ʱ嶼ɢһֺҲֺĸԴǶԶȴû˿Ӱ죬Ҳû⣬ǽ죬µĶ֮ʱڵĺͻȻҼһºµʣ֮壡
жϣħ壬춾ؽѹѪ֮У޴ӱֳҲףΪʲôܻڣں³֮ʱ֮ͻὫɱ֮
ֲú»ô죬Ѿ㣬ٶȥһʱ䣬ھŲ㣡
˵֮伤ѡ
ǰȻɢַ绹ΪǺڶѹƲסıַ֣Ҳʹ飬СٻҲ֪ʲôڿνס
֮壬ھ½Ŵ֮κаĹûκƿ
ֲǣֻҪаĹ֮䲻ͻӰǣ
ֵһ̵ġһ񹦡òҲһ˺һϾ磡½һаֻֻ֮ܲڰ˲ͻ߻ħ
ַ֪һ̵а˫֮⡶һ񹦡Ҳ˫ݹô
ûһ񹦡Ƕ˫񹦣ܵõַ˺ͺС㹲ͬĻ
ַɫ΢졣
쿴ɫһ㶣ԡ
ַޱȵĵɶǰãӡ
ʱо޵ݣǸִˣС㣬е䣬ȥӵ·
ַ簵ôȵ죬㻹䣿ƨ
ַͺ˵Ŀռ䡣
û˵ַҲͻȻ֮䲻֪˵ʲôˡ
֪֮УѾˣǸǰַСŮˡ
ַһֱѺµһ㣬ַоҲԼ׸һ㡣
ź½ַܸоԼͺ֮ûǰˣ֮Ҳûˡ
ǰַú³ˣԼˣߺµԸͺ䵭ϸϸ֮˵ĸĤ
Сٻַ֮ܵ󣬵ɵӰϲ㣬ѵ㲻֪ô
ַȻϲңʲôϲ
Сٻʲôϲ϶Ůֻ֮Ǻ±ԸƧڱĳ֪Ůѣ֪κദˡ
ʱСٻ֪ʲôֻ飬ֻʶ꣬ͲŮ֮ģֻ֪֮飬ĸôӣҲûнӴϹʲôأ
СٻСţ֪ʲôôûи飿ûиĻΪʲôҲŮ֣֮ΪʲôһԼŮģеģôȥͣǧǰһٶ꣬Ϊʲôң
µʱˣʲôˣ˯ȥˡ
һᵽǧǰСٻ֮䷢£ÿζرܡ
ַ֪Сٻ֮ʲôףȻϣַ֪֮֮ǵô£ַ˼Σһڷ綼ǳֲֻᡣ
ַͺһӣ޷Ǿ۲ۣôȵȡ
֮˳Ĭ
£Ȼǰ˵ʺһ񹦡Ƿȥһ̸ȡɡ
ַû˵ˣĺĺ
ѽЦǵʱһô
ɶַһ㶣ôô󵨵˵Ļ
ǸɲС
ΪʲôУ˵ں糺죬֪Լʴˡ
ԸȻƧǷǳŮ֮£ʲô
£Ҳ֪Ůˡַشĺί
룬Ѿ˵ˣǾͰһ˵ɣͷһֱȥֵֹġ
һ֪ŮѣǺϲ㣬ͷһ𡣡
³ַס
˵ŮˡַоԼ
ȫ飬Ҳ⡣
⣬ҽ⣡Ȼַû˵ַ˺¡
ԸƧѺ٣ʱַһҪǺĪơʥһںԸҲЩƧͺһ棬ǳĬֻкܲõʱ򣬶ַ粻ߣ¾ϲȥҺ˾һֱĬ
ַҲ֪´Сͳ̫Ŀѣ°ԼΨһˣַ϶˺µġ
£Ժ˵ôҪľöΪ˱Ҫ׶ΣǧҪģκи
š
صĵͷ
ͣأ
ַ˵꣬Ķӡ
ַȥ֮ҵ˶죬˽һ¡һ񹦡ķǳʺϺ£ַһὫһ񹦡㵽֡
һ̽Ʈ˰ޣȻǳ˽⡶һ񹦡
⡶һ񹦡˵ˣȻִ֪Ǿͱҹ̸ϸϸ
˱Ƴ̸
֮󣬶ǧǰħս֮ʱǷ򸾴һһŮμӿħĴ֮ػǡʱħô½ľҪıǣ
һսһ£أǧ䣬ǿǧϣеħǸϳǣʱ˶ˣû룬Ҳħٴǡڼҵ֪һϢǧ׳ʧ٣Ҳŵ֪һаЩ׽ȥʳӾѪ
Ƿ򸾴ڶǿҵ飬ȴаλ飡˵֮½ΪϣʳྫѪǸϵҫǿѹ֮£ܶ˶ˣĿԼͬ౻λɱҵĶҲС
ʹʧӣʱʹҪ鵥齫Ҵˣ֮Ȼҡʱô벻ͨΪλңһȥ֮ˣȻϣʦֻشֻʮʱ䣬ȫ
ʦ֪˴֮ŭҪұҺʦһٴǣȴӺŮѾǸ£ΪǸͽΪƮʱǱвȣû뵽ǣ鵱˵˵ǰƮ£ǰҪȡѪе˶ǰƮ¶ţǧ˶ǰƮ֮ߵġ֮ǰ֮ԷңǿڰƮϣ
ĵλһǸ߸ϵģ˹ߣѹסǿߵŭ齫һеζ˰ƮϡԭλԼ·ҪԼȥץǿ߾ͺãΪλҪæԣƮֻǸõӣ


374 ۴
ִˣȡ
֮󣬶˶٣һĨˡ
ǵĶӡƮҲû㵽ǵĶӻһ档ƮңʱǸռ¶֮ǰӵķľͰ˽ҩ첢ûгԷƮȴֺ˶ӣ
ҵŮʱҲ֪ľһԼĸΪӣǿҲȻӦ֪һжĸģ֪Ҳĸ׺֮ʱŮȻҪϵһƻУ
ƮʱȻ̰޳ܣڶŮȻŲʣЧңҺദ꣬ŮҲһִû뵽Ϊ׷Ыĳԣ
ҺްҺԼϹۣҺԼΪʲôȢһݶŮΪޡ
ͻȻݺᣬˡ
ַ밲ο죬ǲ֪οڡ
֮󣬶ĨֵƮһлһһ񹦡֮󣬰ƮΪṩǿʳѪٴ֪ͰƮ޳ܹ֮޿鿪սʱȻ˶࣬ǲӳħצ̫ǿˣǿĳ˵󣡶һսǸ֪ںħ֮ʱδʹȫʲôıǲ֪ʦһŭ֮£ġѶ塯壬ϵľ綾Χǣ
ʦ֮ǰеĹң֮е˺鶼ˡѶĿҲ¡ʦĹңҲ⡣ֻһ˴˳ʱҲȫжΣڵϦȡ˶ΪǣӴһսˡҽĳƺš
˿ѣҷ¶ģҲ˼£һɽǺ˰ƮԭǺ鿪ս֮ʱ͵͵ߡʱһŭ֮²ɱ²֣ϾҶӣ
ҷ˵Ĺ£ˣǵģҷĿధˮ֮зû뵽ûˣǽһ̣Ʈˡһ񹦡Ϊ˳ǿߣһ̴Ůӣ׳ķǳ֮죡ֻ˶̶̼ʱͳһɡ
ħս֮Ⱥ۲Ϊ½֮λչ˳ɱգɳ˴½һҲеһɣ
ڰս֮УҹƮΣÿҴˣûɱңҸϻ򶾹ȡ֮󣬰Ʈ߻ħ֮ʱҿˡһ񹦡һ񹦹һ񹦣ǶߵҪΪ̣Ҹһ񹦣ֻ֮ջ߻ħ
ǵģûо֮Ҿ򶾹ȣ˭ҲƮҵ˱ҩҩҩÿ궼ΪƮһЩҩѹħ֮ҩִɱݷգƮң֮£˶֪ˡ
콫һ񹦡Դǧǰ¶ַ硣
ַЩп
˺ȾƵȵĴЩѾѹǧ꣬˵Ҳһֽѡ
˼죬ַ۴˵źͻһһ̡
ƮԴŽڸ߲ӭַ磬д
ϵ۴ˡƮɲҵ
ַҲŮԴȣַ֮ͰƮ˽̸
µգǵ㣬֮ͤУַͰƮԶ
ǰŮ飬ƺǳ⣬ַߵһûκȤҲûһøС
ִˣ֪һν£
ַ翪żɽʵҲûʲô£Ҫ죬˳ǽؼһ񹦡һġ
Ǻǡ
ƮܲȻЦţʲô죬ӱؼһ񹦡
ƮЦִΪϵ۵ĴˣؼӦоУǽɵġһ񹦡ִ˿Ҳɣߣ⡶һ񹦡ŮִҪȥҲûʲôãǺǡ
ַ粻ɫĵҵȻ֪⡶һ񹦡Ҳ㲻ʲôȷʵûã⹦һλУҪҰҵҲûа취¡
ŶƮĵ⵽ô£
ַλ˵ʦǧǰħս֮䣬һ񹦡ҲʧδΪ飬ʦġһ񹦡ֻǲб֪һСһ񹦡ȫԾͰǰֻǰһæѡ
ַ죬˵һѹƮټԼϵ۴˵ݣƮò
ƮɫЩÿַ˵Ǽ٣ԼҪһ񹦡ûа취ȥܾǿˣƮǲġ
ַƮ˵Ц㲻Ļλǻܲ˵ģȻ˵鲻ռ䣬Ǻᷢʲô£׽ػ
Ʈ룬϶Цִˣʲôִ˿ҵľˣִԸκҶᾡȥ죬ִ˵Ҫҵؼҵңüˮ¼һǡ
ַ˳õˡһ񹦡һ飬ûκε⡣
ַ֮ǣڿնȥ
⹦ȷǶǸб
б㲻˵ûô


û⣬ȫѣ˾Ų㣬ھŲͻͻ񾳽磬Ϊ϶ҸоƮһ۶߻ħΪ⹦ȷҪǳ̣ΨŮӺ֮ſ֮Ůֻʳ˾Ѫ߲㣬ڰ˲ṦͻѪ壬߻ħ⡶һ񹦡ǳʺϺֱΪ졣Ҫҵġһ񹦡ȥ硣
ַҲˡһ񹦡а⹦ڰ˲ȷֲȻԺת֮µһս
ȥַ֮罫һ񹦡˶죬ö찲ź
쿴ؼ֮˷ܵĺþòŰܵ±չ̵֮¡
һ񹦡а֮壬֮ʱҪʳӾѪŮΪϵĲ㣬Ա
µĽǳ죬֮κûκƿֻҪؼȥͻһ·ͨ裡
һʱڣ½һ񹦡㣡мͻƵƣǶֹ˺µ
쿴ÿ춼ƴ˳ԷϢϢˣһ¾
򲻴Ҫ֮壬Ҳˡ
£¼ģȫ֮һɣȥ񹦻ٳɣɳԲӽ쿪ʼȹ̺ĶѧϰһЩĶ塣
ż񹦱ѩޣȻûô࣬ôһ˵¶ʱס
ô궼ͦˣαؼһʱأ
Լˣôȥ
ַͻȥɽѰм
ַħô½Ѿʱ䣬һֱϵСѩˣַ磬ܲһɽ
ǧǰħս֮Կ壬ҩ䣬֮ħô½ʧû֪ȥ
ڼǰɽ෢мֻһС֮ˣʱšʥŻĴǵ׷ɱЩ֮ˣ֮Щ֮ʧ١
˶õһϢܲɽȻ֪ɽǸִħ޺޵ĵ̣һ˸Ҵġ
ɽǺε֮ռħô½һɽֻ֮һ֮ĵطԵĵط
ȻѾɽַȥѰټ
ΪĴ޵Ļַ磬ǧǰ֮Ϊٰһ䣬Ĵ޲μӡ
һֱַ֪еϵ֪֮Ǵһ
ַ֪צ֮𾪵ｹۣ
ȥܲǧɽĸıǳ󣬻ҲһʱҲܲʲôطǷȴǵһֱ
ַɳһ̵ĵ̣֮ɽ
зеĵǴ͵ޣЩ޶ϵޣЩ޿˻֮󣬸ܵϵϢ֮󶼷׷׶ɢ
ףô£ѾɭϿշʱˣôɲȥ
ַͻʶƬɭ֣Ǽ㣬ƬɭʱͿԷɳȥʱѹȻɭϿա
ֱ߷Уûеɲȥ
ͻȻеҵˣԻɭֻ֣ҪͨԻɭ֣Խ¡ǾͿҵܲˣ
ַ粻ĵԻɭ֣
ǣɭֺᴩɽҪȥܲҪԻɭ֣Իɭһ˼Ի󷨣Уͻᱻ棬ģҼȻһΣֻҪҵһ˿ڣϼʮʱ϶Գȥ
ַ亹ʮꡭ
Уʮʮҹʲô˿ûҵ
ַѯʽ顣
󷨲ͨ󷨣ƽҲǳ򵥡
򵥣ô˵Ѿʮʮҹˣ
Ƶĵ㲻ҪòãҪҵĻòã˵ļ򵥣ǷһѻɽˣȻƣ
ɽô
ַ飬˵ЩûõģҪã
֪˽ѧϰ֮У޶ǵĻʱͿԸ㶨
ꣿʺĵطַ꣬Լģ
ţǱˣͻȻ֮оϢ
ַûǵķ˹
ţûԻɭַǳϤоһ·裬Ӱ첻ںðˣǿǳȥ
ַ۾Ҹо˶е⣡
ţҸоµ޶Ҳе⡭ͻȻ㵵ԣµޣԶ֮һġΟߣ
ַ粻ĵΟʲôޣ
֪ԶĴôôǿٵص̹Ŵһ޴ᣬۣǴ֮սѡĴޣΟһҰ׻һ嵱ʱ˸ƽ֣ʱΪޡΟһթթɶ֮࣬ʩƲкˣ̹֮˱ӣȥĵĳƺš̹Ŵѹ֮£ΟһҲΣǴ̹֮֮ΟһΪ»ʽҰ׻һ忪սΪУĴͬЭΟһսΟҲ޶ԿĴޣΟһĴУ
˵֮Щ֮⡣
ģڵΪΟ߲ɣ
ҡͷ̾ϢΟһϵշܳûв´Ļǰϵ۴ˣ
۴ˣ۴ô
ַʮ㣬ô۴ˡоҵҪҵ
˫ûм棬ѾԷΪУַǳڴһս
ʱͻȻַ磬󷨷Χڣܿռƣҿ㻹ܰɣ۴ǧǰҾͼԲܿģ
ܣܵĻǴӽ˵ģ
Դַ̤֮ԶΣպѣδ˵ѵĻΪʮתĻЩ£ͬʱ龹Ȼַܣ
ʮַĻȫһ顣
£ַףԵĵǰδеǿ
飿ѵлʮתǿߣ
סΟ߲ѣ㲻۴ˡŵǡĶ֣ǧǰŵѾ񾳽ǿߣΪĶô
ַЦӣӵôڱԻɭ֣ӣ
·ӣֻս


375 ѲŵС
Ůת֮Ѿַǧ֮⣬֮ľ룬Ѿ˫ֵķΧ
ַŮӻµ
Ůӿȥֻжʮͷһ½жεģ߸𣬸ɾ䣬һ׵֮ɱڣǳһ䣬Ƥһ࣬ơ
ûκεװΣ֮нһǬȦһɫ֮ɢһƽ
ŮµΟߣչʮ׶೤Ľɫ˫ƽƽȵľڿУΟͷͷΪɫһС˿죬һ˫ɫۣŭĶŻ
Ů۵ĴŵǣϵϹл
лھ½а֮еڶھħ֮£лҲǽľˮԵռ
лΪ죬лĹиɻ
ȻԶʮа֮ϣΪԶʮȻǸиãȫǹε
ѾħлԶʮȣôħлĹҪԶʮǿĶࡣ
ַϸŮӵͬʱŮҲϸϸĴַ硣
ַʶɢſ͸ŮӣŮҲͬ͸ַ硣
ʲôˣŮӵδѾַʶ
һǧﴫȻϾ˶һ㡣µˣûʶľ磬޷ʹǧﴫ
ַʶǿҲֻһСѣظ۴ˡŵǡСɡ
ԷϳݣŵЩȣͬʱԷҲô֮ԼԻѾȷ˶Է񾳽硣
Ȼַֻʶ񾳽ѣַΪʶͬȾˣռ䣬ַֻһˡ
ŮӽЦС㣿ܶ궼ûƺˣû֮ǰûǳƺҴˡң㵽ʲôˣ֮Ĵ޵Ϣ˵СƭңݹҲ
ַ絭ЦŵС㣬ȱȻҪƺСˣ˵Ļ㲻Ұô
ֲЦˣοǿԼˣŵûΪƺᡣ
ƨĵһ㶼죬άĻĶ䶼ˣ˵㵽ǺˣԻɭʲô
ŵǸ²ַݣŵ֪ħô½֮е񾳽ֻʥصʥԼǰ˵ʲôأ
ַ磬ֻСѣȥܲȥһ飬ԻɭҲ·ҿŵСԻɭֵ󷨷ǳϤŵССæǳȥ±ض񱨣
ŵͻȻŭַ磡ַ磡ﱾ˳ȥˣ㾹ȻԼˣң˭ġо
ŵǷǳķŭһǰ侲̬֮˫ðַ˺ƬŵǲƾΪԷҲһ
ߣɱַҲûãҪǣ˭̸ооŹ䵽ռ䣬˳ȥʦŭ룡
ַǳȣϢôô죿
ԭŵǼǰһ̣֮һ̵Ľͽ̸۴ˣ˵۴ʹɱһ̵ĳϣ˵۴˧
ŵǾˣʲôʱɱһ̵ĳϣԼǸŮˣô˧أ
ȥһʣʱ֪ðԼ˽ַ磬иһޣǰַ磬ԱߵĲ񣬵ȷһ
ַҲܵŵɢϢԼܿģڼŵǵޣԼͻǶ֣
ַ绹һϵ۴ˣڸоԼһսûУ
ַ缱ǣæŵС벻Ҫŭ֪о۴˵Ͼѧ۴ֻĵӣѵŵС㻹ô
ŵ΢ŭܣʦֻоһˣоһǵഫܴڶˣ˵ѣòҪͼƭңҪȻʶʶл
ַ絭ЦţŵС԰꣬ҲŵСΪСŵСϸ룬ѵΪ⡶о͵ĲɣĲɣ½ֻ۴˲ӵСоκ˶ûУѵҸȥ۴˵ĶɣǸʲô͵ѧ͵ģҸҹǰʹóô۴˴ң˭
ŵЩˣַ˵ʵʦۣСоأ
ʹҿŵͻȻţǲ߾ġαðԼأ
ַһ˲
ַĳٶȣŵһǰʮתϵǿߣֻʮתϵǿ߲ܽתƵ꣡
Ϥŵжַʩչ
ŵа룬Һ÷ûгֵ֣Ļ϶ǶԷĶ֣ԼΪתԷʮת֮ϣ
ŵϵĵɢȥȷʵ濴ֹԭʮתϵ飬ŵʧˣˣȻʦ۽о㣬ΪλƺʦΪ۴ˣ
ַŵС㣬ģھԵɺ۴ˣ۴˵ʱȱȪˮдȪˮΪ۴˽оҡ
ŵЦô۴˻ΪȪˮ㡶о
ȻŵǸͲַĻ
ǺǡôŵС㣬㻳ң۴ǲᴫڸҡоģ۴˷ʣо˷ˣұ۴£۴˵ֻһӣҲŵС㣬յӣԵ۴£ҪŵСҵʦˣǺǡ۴˻ǽоңҸ۴˴Ȫˮ
ǺǺǡһЩţȪˮȻǾ½Ŵҩ֮һǶѾû˶ôʦ۸ΪȪˮ㡶о룬㻹˵ʵɡ
Ҳûôأ
ַ˵ţֱùǬȪˮԴԴϵֵʱ䣬Բ֮ȫȪˮȪˮγһڲϵ󡭡
ŵֱӱˣŵѾ궼û𾪵ĸоˣһ𾪵һֱ
һƿȪˮȻûʲôЧô࣬ӴһȪˮκ鶼ܾΪȪˮһЩҩȥơȪˮȪˮ
ֻ߽Ҫ꣬ôȪˮȪˮĶ
һƿ˵ȪˮЩ߽ҲôΪȪˮȪˮʧʷǳߣƲʲô
ӴһȪˮһƳȪˮȪˮ
찡
ŵ𾪵Ŀڴ嶼̲סµҲ𾪵ĲƲסеƽ⡣
ʱŵɱַ磬ֱ
ַջȪˮ˰ɣ
ŵæͷˣˡ
ŵ֪Լʧ̬ѹһԼֹӣռգֹģ
ַ缱æʽ飬ôش𣿡
ô֪ռգκ鶼²Ҳ֪ŵôģǲܵ£
ŵĶַ磬ַķӦ֮ϲ׽һЩʲô
Ȼ˵ַĻиɻŵǵֱڸԼԷ˵ѡ
Ů˵ֱһǺġ
Сٻæ˵ǧǰħս֮һ˿½磬ĳϡ
ŵǲƣôֹʲô֮ôֹӸ˵ѣ
ַҡҡͷǲԸ˵ƵģŵС㣬ʵǧǰħս֮ռ伴֮ʱһص˾磬һ˿½֮һ˿һ̥֮ϡŵСҲ˰ɣ
ŵһ㶣ңһԼꣿɵ¶ʲôôħս֮Ҹûлȥռ֮ռ֮ʱռ鷵ؾ磬ʦϵǿѹһСΧĿռӲĽռ䡣
ŵֵԼһ˿½ռ䣿㱾ǴӰ죬⵽ΪΣ
ַص̾һȻŵСҪٸףֻʵˣЩѹĵô꣬ҲһֱҲһ˵Ķ󣬺ŵСҲԵ
Ŷ
ַʱ䣬취ԼڵĿӣôŵǻԼŵǷԼԻ͵оôȪˮһ㣬ŵǶŹԼ
Ȼŵ˵Ѿַ磬ŵ˼ϸܣҪ̸׵ַ磬ַлش𲻶ԳʲôŵǾԻᶯ֣
˿ȥһ㽻̸ǳ죬жǳʱ׼ͶԷһս
ַɫҡͷ̾쳤̾ԵԹŶޣܶǿߺŶǱһ顯У԰ΣңȻѾ˳磬ʼջһ޷ħ
ŵһ㶣Ѿ磿ֲãһ˿½ֻǧʱͳʮתˡ
˻ĺǿ󣬻ʦЩ顣
ַ죬˵ԼΪŵǸӼɵȻЩŲס۴˵ģֻҪɵͺá
ַŵħս֮ʱһŮӡ飬ܶԷ˶ģ˾ȻҳʱŮѳһģһҵĳŮǰҵǰʱҵΪһССǰɱŮ֮ʱڰȴûгȣΪ֪ҳ֣ҲһҪΪҵŮѱ𣡡
ĿŮѱ裬ǰ֪ôʱǶȥǰ˵һսûУҵʱܺ£ҲûС
֮ƴΪˣҵЩǲ̵ɱǱˣΪ£ħÿҹ˾ʱҾŮ֮ǰŲĵطʹ;ֻҪʱһޣûС
Ϊ͵ʱҸоħΪԽԽߣħԽԽأԽԽͻ񾳽ʱ򣬲㱻ħӰ߻ħͻת֮ʱʮеһλһɢˡ
ʮ֮һ
ŵ仰µжϡ
ԣǧǰҲϧ𣬽Լѳһ˿½磬ŮҲʮ꣬һͨ˵գҵħ
ΣŵַĻŵǾȻһ˿ССĸж
ַгһһǹˡ
ŵСǲǶԻɭֵϤĺܣ
ŵǵȻʦػɽ޺ǧ꣬Ͱ󷨵ŸˣǲңѾǧˣͿƽˡ
ϵŵػޣػ壿ô
ַһϲŵСܲܰСæиǳȥҪȥܲҪ졣
ŵǺˬĵȻʦͬԴСæȻڻ£еǣֹ֪ܸңȥΪ£Ҫʲôæĵطܿڡ
Ǻǣȥ忴Ѷѣûʲô¡
ŵǺɵôѵĻֹӻʵ棬ҪȻҿûʱֹӴȥ
ַоŵǻûȫԼŮˣ˼ϸܣѲ
۰Ǳǧ꣬кأ


376 
ַЦŵСΪ˶ɣŵСĹϵɲһ㣿
ŵҲЦȻɽػԻɭ֣͹壡ҺĹϵ϶ǳá
ַ˼۽ŵħô½вɸ˵Ŀģۻᰲŵػ壿ţ۰Ͳ뽫峹׵ĴӾ½Ĩȥ
ǧǰħս֮ʱЩŵСΪػ壿е˵ͨɣ
Ǻǡŵǵڴ˵صȻҪҪ죬£д·ؼʱ̣ȴˣڻ֪㵽ǵѣԣеĿġ
ַȻŵСôȤҾʵˣʵħս֮ʱһλҪҺ𣡶½֮ʱͳһ½磬½Ⱥ۹½壬½Ů洽籣ѹҵıϵʮ֮е̫͹зʹ·ܷŮ洷ӡߣλʹæŮŮ񸴻֮ǵս
ŵһ֪ͳһ½磬½屻֮ŵҲжţû뵽ǰַ羹Ȼͳһ½֮ˣȻһͳһ½ǳ򵥡
ŵûлַĻʵأ
ַ˶ֵҵļƻǳɹ֧Ů洽ѾʹŮǿƳؼʱ̣ʥصǸֱ֣ӽԭأӡٴʥص飬ǲµģ߻һ룡ߣȻӡצ˳
һսҴȥ˶ˣλʹҲɱҺŮսʥʥ롢צʥŮСѩҺŮߡ
ұʮ飬ҪŮ½࣬ǱʥصʥӡʱŮֻһ˿ʮĳһλƣ˵սȻңʱҵΪûôߣ˱ʥצ׷ɱֻӵ÷ݣ
ϼӡħ֣ʥص˺ħսʥħ챱֮ͬھʥһצҲˣʥŮצһ·ҺŮ׷ɱ·ӣͻȻϵ۷һҾͷɴŵǷۡ½磬ŮٻˣСѩצӵħô½
ǣҲħô½֪СѩӵܲǧټƵܲʮһֱҲڵõϢܲǾ͹ߣצұɱ
ַ˵֮ʱŵһֱַıжַ˵Ļŵǲ׽һɵ㣡
ַ˵ĻŵѾȫţŵݷǧ꣬κϢò½ЩϢš
Ů࣬ʹ·һ£оսħ֮£ŵǻ֪һЩġ
ַ˵ôһжиɻ
ŵǵ˵ĻԼʮǰʥŮһͷص壬ҺҴһܣˡֹ֪ӵıھλˣͽ̡
Ȼϵֺʮһ£ŵԼ϶֪ġ
飡һ֣
ַܿһھӵ顣
ҵıŵСҲ޷ŵСҪܣ¾Բռ䴫
ŵǵֹӷģѾˡ
Ǻðɣǡԭʼ𡯵Ĵˡ
ŵССһֲôܺʮϹϵԭĴˡ
һֱھ粻£ֻгµʱų֣ھֿʼˣѾͲסˡ
ŵַĻ
ַʵǧǰѾˣѾ洫
ԭʼȷˣֻħͽ֪˵һ޶֤ݣŵǲҲûа취
ŵʱֵˡ׾޵ǺηޣҸûмҴϸܵĴ޵Ϣ
ַĴǵػޣշˡĴǧǰ֮ˣǣĴ޵ѡ壬ھͱˡ
Ŷ㻹һã
ϵãҲռշģǺǣڱչҾʹˡ
ŵЦǺǡȻȥĴǵǸӡ֪ӡޣʮʱ䶼޷ӡֹӹȻб£Ȼܽ⿪ǷӡøȻշĴޣ֮
Ҷѡ
ŵС㣬Ҷ˵ô࣬ŵСܷңǧ࣬ν£
Ȼֹ̹ϣҸҲ޷
ŵѾַԼˣѾȫַ硣
ݷǧ꣬Ϊ˶Ը壬ʲôػ壬ֹ˳Ϊ˼䣡Ҳ֪ÿǧ꣬һ嶼ԡһҲᴫоѣʱʱ򣬶Ҳǵõ޵ʱȴǧҲΪ˵ȴһ̣
ǧǰռ֮Ǻ;嶼ɱһɶʦ֪һһռ½ѷ½Բħô½ħ½ʦǧǰħô½ϵ۽ĵӷħ½
ʮǰʥŮצ֮ʱҾ֪һͻħô½֮Ϊ֮λһսʱ򣬾ҳ֮ʱ
ֹӣȻצвݵֻҪ֣ʱֹһóԸģֹӣô
ַʱףԭŵݷڴǧ꣬Ϊ˽һ򾡣
ַЦȻû⣬ŵСôǿİ֣Ȼ˻ءһ²ǧǰѾ䣬Ϊϵ۴˲նݳأ
ʦۺϵۺγ𣿿ǴŮ洺̹ž˵壬ɱ񣬸ɱǵġԴӡǡǵӡǾͻѡµˣǧ֮ͲܲݳҪֻǿƣһƣշǿǩԼֱӽǷӡֻҪֻУܳ׵Ŀ壡
ַ絭ЦıԶǣɱôˣǧ֮
ŵЦǲɱظɱĻͻƻظǵصϣԴӡҲ漴ʧģǰͲɱء
ַЩȣ֮治У仹¡
ַ确øĸŵ˵ԼǰĿģŵַͬ˵ԼĿġ
ڿνǡԴʽѡ
ŵǽŵֹӣҪȥɱצ벻ʱ򣬶ڳҲƻҵļƻԣֹӣҿ㻹Щʱգȵ֮գ֮ʱʱϵɣһжɱһֲ
ַŵС㣬Ҷ˵ĹɱȥûܵסǣαҪأ
ֹӣҪĹڼ򵥣ֹӵ½嶼ʧܶգħô½岻֪Ҫ½ǿٱ濹ĻǱǧʲôҾΪ˵ʱƣֹӣⷲЩӱʮ겻ֻҪȴµʱѣʱ˵ֻǵָһ˲ѣԣֹӣ㻹°ɡ
ȻˣҾ͵⼸ʱɡ
²뵽ҵסɡ
ã
ַȫȡŵǵΣַŰ
ַŵһ·С
ʱеľ׽ŵǵķй켣ֻҪץסһţʱգַҵ·뿪Իɭ֡
һ·֮ϣĸΟ֮
Ο߱Ĵгһ·ϷȫУ뽫˦ǻȵĸΟ
޷˰ʱ֮ŵͣһ޴Ĺ֮ϡ
ǳ޴аΧ֮ƣǧ֮ߣ޴֦˷죬ٶ״һ֮ϣһݡ
ڣһӵϢӭʮƽ״һһ򵥶¡
ŵСһֱٳȥˣ
ŵǵûﾲ޶ѣÿʮʹ½ϵһ£˽˽һ´½ľƣƽʱŶˡ
ŵͻȻһǳҪ£ǰǲҹڵ鷳диַĺѪħһȾɣ
ַûҡȥΪҪһЩΪβѪħһ𣬵һЩ׵ĶԣȻΪ˽ѪħһЩѣŵСӦúס
ŵǵͷʦǧǰ֮ʱ˵ħѪħħκˣɱԷҲʦ˵˼ҲʣֹӸңΪΣ
ַһ㶣ѵ۷ħѪħɳ⵽ô£
ַ絭ЦŵС㣬ǧǰħս࣬ǳɣ
šŵǵ֪ǧǰʦۡϵۺʮЩףħħħԶǶģǧǰħϵֿħʵʦۺϵͰźõġˣǵȷеħˡ
ֹӣʵѾµ˼֣ǧռǵǿ߶ΪǧǰħսħħѪħ֮ǣħѪħǻô룿ħռ࣬ȴħôһħ֮ǺǣԣŷħɳֻҪħɳһĽ׶Σ϶ռ䣬ʱٴνһħִﵽǵĿģǧǰѾʧһΣΣһɹ
ǧǰħãǧ֮ۺϵۻһħ
ַЦӾһħǻӣ
ַͷŵСµûħѪħĻ϶һľǧǰƴ࣡ħѪħǿǧǰǣǧ֮Ҳͬã
ŵǷǳַ磬ַ˵һУַԽԽ
ַԻɭס
ַǽԼ߳󷨵ؾŵǾܾŵǵ˼ǳܣַȥ鷳ƻԼĺ¡
ַû˾ŵǳȥ棬ŵǧ꣬ҲЩƣԼȻַܾ룬ַ磬γһ¡
ŵ벻ַÿŵǴԼɽˮʵڰϸ۲ŵǵķߣҳ߳Իɭֵؾ
򲻸ˣһµŬ֮£ҵ˾ϣ
齫߳󷨵ľϽ̸ַ磬ַ˵˻
ڰϰ˼֮˶˾ϡ
֮һ賿ַͻ͵͵ķתơ
ҪɳԻɭҪŸʱʱ֮ɫŵ֮󣬷ַͻߣ
ŵǴŭΟ߷׷ȥ
ַͻħɭ֮󣬼Уͣһ룬ŵ׷ϣ롣
ʱַ֮ͻǵصİɫס
ǰǡ¡·ߡҪܲ봩¡
£˼壬£Ҳ䣡
ɫȥͨһɢռ䣬ַ羪ȵǣµ׳İɫȻסԼʶ
ַɽ֮Уֹ
ҪȥȥˣԶ


377 ʮ
ȥ·һôֲ
ַʼæʽ飺ʲôãȻЩ֮Ҹо˲ҡ
˲㣿ȥԣҸ㣬ʮʮĽ磬зǳӴĻþȥ֮һʱƲ˻þһĹĹȥ֮һʱỹӦȥǺǣԻ棡
ַһʲôʮ
ʮħɽХԬڹľҲ֮µʮսǧǰħս飬ˣ֮طŵ˵ûһҪԡˣҲҪˡ
ô˵廹зǳǿĵ̣ŵԸ壬Ҳûôװɣ
ŵǶǱǧˣ϶ںܾǰѾƻˣʲô⣬ŵɵԿԽƣҪסɸ򵥡
ڲ˵ʱ򣬽飬ô취ŵ׷ˣ
ʱûֱǿд磬ҲҪ켸ҹʱ䣬ʱ䳤̲˵ŵǻ׷ʥصˡֻһ취ǬȻûǬ֮ûȥΪĴ޵ϢʮϢЩѹƣҲµûʮھڽ֮ػؿڣ
ַһ㶣ˣԽô
ǡ
ҪԽӣڶ߲ëͺã߸ɴཫƤƤҲȫ
ַһԽһֶĵĸо
ڶëʲôãһһսֱӾͽǬˣƤ棿һպǸطˣȫ꣡Ҫս֮սԽȫģ
ַ绹ǹԹԵĲ˽
οˡַ罫˼˻
Ǹɶ˵ʵڵģҺʮĹϵôá޵ĹϵҲô
ַȻΪʲô
룬̹Ŵ׻ȸĸΪĴޣǴѹסһͷһЩҲǴܣ֮һЩЩͻĴ޺ʮھ֮ʱÿμ涼ҪһܣǻԹ
Ψһİ취ˣŵѾˣ
ַҲû뵽ŵǵٶô죡аСʱ׷ˡ
ǺðɣȻ˵Һʮг𣬵βͬգǶйͬĵˣǲôɡ
ҲֻӲͷƤϡ
ַǬǬ΢һȥ
֮󣬻һİɫ֮С
֮УʶǿĽϣĿֻ֮а׷Բ׷Բ֮ȫһƬɫûκ
ɫ֮зѱ棬ҲֻܳһȫٷС
սã˷ǿϯҲʹЩԿԻʮתľɵĽЩȥ
ԽɣԽԽԽԽԽܼĻرܺ赲ҲЩ
ʶɢųȥĿΧĻɵĽЩ⣬ǣʶȫѹƣڵڰһ㣬ÿĹǧһ֮͵Ϯһ㣬ûʤ
ڼ䣬Ҳ˼ֻЩˣһЩȪˮ֮΢һ£ٴλָ
⼫ΣյĵطҪʱ̱Ŷ״̬
ַоһ·ԼĻûɳǧ룬ͻᱻʳƬ
ʮ֮󣬻оΧİɫԽԽŨԼĿΧҲ𽥵СָоǰΣա
ʶΣȫһֱΣգֱս֮򵽵ĸо
ͣĿ⾯Ķĳһ
ȣɣҪĶڰ
ڻһ֮£ɫռصһЦ
û뵽ʮ˷Ľ֮лܷǣҴһоĴ޵Ϣ֪ʲôޣ
ɫǳϤʮĳλ
֪ʮ֮Уʲô޲ҪҪ弴ͷ崫ϢģҪҼѡ
Цͷʮڴˣκаħֶ޷壡ҺǣιŵѾͷһأ߳Իɭ֣
ҲЦʮ֮ħɣħսʮ䣬Ҳֻһ˿л˰ɣΪǻǵھʮôΪǵܵסŵôＴԡҲѣŵǺϾҪ壡ʮȻԴޣҸ㣬Ҫʮ˵ķߣŵϼʱܰ쵽ʱϮʲôֿ
ħһ㵽˭Ϊλ֪ôࣿ
ȻܸӦϵϢѵϲô
ҸоĴ޵İ׻Ϊλģǧǰôûأ
ħЩߺޡ
ŭʮûĴôĴں϶ΪһȻڶԸʮ´࣡
ôħЦѵĴֻ϶ΪһôʮҲ϶ΪһʮĴܱģ
ŭҪﴵ꣬б³ͱһս
ħЦΪСôΪʲôҪһսҰȥãߣд·ûп㣡˻嵷ңȰ㻹ģǧ꣬
Ҫŭַ缱æϢסǴеĿģʮ˽˶ԹƲһߣҪǹ£ҵצ
ַĻʱֻһħ֪ŵ뽫֮ʽһ򾡣µ񣬴Ӵ˽ȫѹƳΪūŵǱǧ꣬ȴľһ̣ϵٴļƻħս֮Ѿʼˣæģҵģҷ˽˶Թҹȥ
ħЦ֪ŵǶµ֮ģƾһ㣡Щģȵµֵһ̣ŵǵڣҾǸӦ÷㣡˭֪ŵǲһģҷȥǺǡô꣬ǧ꣬ҾԷȥ
ħĴǧǰħվͬһսϵģôǧǰʳŲΪβңĴѾˣʮҪһޣҲͬҹȥŵ׷׷ɱңٲȥˣҪԸŵǣǿֶԸŵǣ
ħŭʳŲôֻǵĴûгΪĴ֮ǰĸ޹ϵǳãԴǳΪĴֺ֮κ޶ͲһˣĴ޵޵ʮ֮Ǵ֣Ĵ޽ʮˣԲɱǣǻᱨĴʮܲ׻Ҹ㣬֮ǲݣħҪʣ
УֶԸŵǣҿֶԸҰɣû£ɣҵҪ־ʲôʵҲǼʶʶ
ҡͷ̾Ĵޱ̹ŴΪĴ֮󣬵ȷŰ裬ʱĴʢ˭֮ʱûзһСأ
Ĵ޵Ҳֻѹһѹ޽ĵλʱʮպȸôĴ޾ʮʮĴ޵ĵʯ
ʮ»㱨ŭĴ޺һս˸ƽ֣߿ԷֳʤǱŮֹ
֮޽Ĵ޸׳ƳЩĴ޵嶼һһĴ޵˸߹ͷ­
ڣ˵ʲôħš
֪ħڲԼΪ¡ʱһĹؼʱ̣ħһҪסؿڣ˿̺ͻĻʱŵɱס롣
ħȻ˵ûаŵǷȴǳ£ǲܸ߻ģڻ֪ǵѡ
ħŵǧ֣ÿζԻɭսܶ飬öԻɭֵĻ˽֮زز֮ŵҲҺħΪʱδ졣
ħҴ˴ǰ壬ǽħѪħҪϢ壬¹ϵش󣬸Ҫ̸ħٴκ֮£ٴңʱŵɱʱΪʱ룡ħң
ѪħϢ֪ˣħǺǣƭɣħѪħôħѪħԼ·ҪߣҲԼ·ҪߣħҪˣʱôħûȫﶥ֮ǰôħڸұ¶ԼôħԱ¶ۺϵۻŹôΪСô
ĲУħ˵Ҳʵ
ħĻ䣬ͻȻоǰ˴磬һŵǣŵôɱˣ
ħŲŻ˵ŵǻڿŵһ󾪡
ʶħʶᱻԼµĽӰ졣
Ҳ󾪣ħҵĻôŵѾɱˣ
ħŭ㻹ƭңŵǸһģɱ޷ֹǲóѵģҪԶܳȥ
󾪣ħŵ׷ɱҵģΪʲôң
ħһ׻ңĵô
ûлشΪŵˣʱ򣬾ߵѡ飬ϵĺѶԼôȥԼĵˣ
ַ磡ƭң
һķŭԶĵһɫӰڰɫռֱײ
ħһ㶣ַ˭ѵеߴôȻħĴ޻һ֡
ŵǧ꣬ĽҲоΣѾһЩţҪһʲô¡
Ҳû뵽ŵǻôɱ˽
ħѾ˽ӴȻŵǸճ嵽ǰҲӭ
ŵǵĿֻ֮а׷Բ˵ľڲףľʱܳشԷ
Ǵ˿ûʱȥ򣬶ӭŽӴ
ŵǳΟ߶ŵǵŽΟھлȥ͵ϮΟ߲û
ŵǸճͿħýڹ͵֪뿪ԻɭԴѣͻֽħȥ
ŵڻûлɻֻΪԼ뿪Ϊ˴ѣڵУ
׻ŵǣǽҽģҾǶȥ޻أ
ħռ䣬ŵǸţԼߵġ


378 ַˡ
ǳģںħֶԸŵǾһõʱħƫƫΪŵһģ
ŵҲΪԼһģ
ħɱŵǣŵͻֱħɱħ취͵Ϯŵǣ͵ϮŵǵĻħͻ׻վߵģ벻׵Ļһͷײˡ
ʱǧﴫŵС㣬ĵĹ̫ǿվһ𣬽УһҪħƳ
ŵǵɢĶԿȷУ˾ͽ֣˵Իڼʱƿ磬ʱħȻ
ŵǿٿʮ׷Χ֮ڿ£߷УӭӽĹ
˵һԿʱоһɡŵǿԻû˿ķŵµΟɢһŻ
ŵʵַأôһˣ
Ǹַͳ˽֮Уɢˣҳַ磬ûҵħ
˶ǧﴫħȻ
͵ϮŵǣΟߵϢһֱڻΧεκε͵Ϯᣡ
ŵǺͻֵֿĹ
ħãȻǿ󣬵߽֮³ħȻǸŵǺͻΟֵĶ֣
ħ֪ȥĻԼҲ·һ
˫Ľս֮УħĿŵǵԭκŵǶսŵǸûʹȫǹħߡ
ħУиΪŵǸƲ磬Ҳͳһ޷ͻƵıݣʱͻĵ;ѡ
ŵǻŴѹ룬ƿ磬һ
ȫŵǵı
һʱħͻȻֹͣ˹еӲˣб£Լҳڰɣ
ϣħʧ
ǳƣһֱѰ͵ϮŵǵĻᣬ˺ԿѾһʱΟҲ𽥷˾裬ĳȥ˶Ի
׼͵Ϯ׼ˣ費ˣ
ȥħͷ
ŵǵ㲻ҵĻ綯֣Ҳ¶ʵħߣͻжҵʵĲµķߣʱǾ͸ԶԸ壡ΣһҪɱħ׷
ȥ׷磡þ
ѾǧˣֻҪңԿҵħǲ뿪ģ뿪Ͳǿƿô

ŵǵĻ䣬µΟת˸ұ߷ȥΟߵͷʱ̳ϢץסǧѷĻᣬ׼һŵǵݺݵ˹ȥ

ŵһҽС
ʮתȫһǺεǿ󣬶ʮ˽ľ룬ŵҲ޷һŵǲˣ
ʱռǿ޵еռ
ŵǵߵķһԶƮ˹ȥ
Ҫ
еħڵһʱץסûᣬýŵ˹ȥ
λȫһ֮£ŵǵֱӱ¡
ڴͬʱΟڵһʱ䷴Ӧ˹ŭţǿһ˻ĸ
֮ľ룬Ҳֱӱɣ͵һѪôһ£ɳǬѪҺӻĸ˳
СٻһҽУǬʮڣޱĵȳ˯ˡ
ǬҵǧٿףǽȫػǬѾ飡
ַѾڽ֮С
ַ֮󣬼æڤħסΡ
ȥ
ַոסεһ̣ΟߵѾޱǿͲɵһֲ˼ٶַ
ŵ죡
򣡡


ַʹоУȫػַ꣡
䣡
ŵķһ˲ͷ飬ַҲһѪƬڤħƬҲӿ¡
Οһֻʮתޣַܿסǿ
һǻӲҲˣ
ַ磡
űΟߴ˼ǧԶĿֻܿ׷ԲȻ֮ʱպÿַ籬һƬѪ
׻޳ܵİ׻㾹Ȼ͵Ϯɱҵˣȥ
Ο߸Ӧ˲ûֻǳ΢ѾƵԵµȥֻǳ¡
Οߵ屩ǳٱ˼ͷߣȫƬ֮ɫ¾޴ţʱ׼ͻƴ
ȫϢҲͽȻǣ˲һߴ׵ľ͹ޣʮתǿ˶壡
˫Ŀ죬Ŀ⻯һʵʵĺΟߣΟߣڣƨ˾ˣ㾹Ȼɱһħ죬Ӿҷ𣡣
һΟ߾˹ȥ
ħҷɱһħ
Ο˻Ļһ㶣ȻûжܻĹҷɡ
ΟٴγڻǰһѪЦ˵ɱһħǸһħҿ׬ˣҲ·һû뵽֮ǰһħΪҵ汳
ħŴ֮зӦʲô׻˵ʲôǸһħ
ŭĴħΪβסǸ࣡ǳʺô
ħôһħΪʲôΪʲô
ħƲסԼں޵ڳӶˣĻᷢչô
Ο߹Ǹ࣬ԼȫĻһԱסǸ࣡
ħûУ
ħΪһ޹ؽҪ
ħǴӻ³ģΪǻԵ࡭
һħˣ찡ذħ
һħԼħһĻ˭ܴħɱ磿
ԼҲһħ
ħûʱ룬ͻһԸΟߡ
ħòȻҪֲͷǣԳ֮ĺܶಿλŤΣμȵĲЭͺѹһһ㡣
Οߣ
ΟߣҪʮ˲
ΟߣҪ飬ҷ𣡣
ħΪһħѾŭΟ͹ȥ
ڻħŭ֮£ǽ֮⣡
ڻħټϽ֮£ⳡսʱΟߣΟ߲ĵȥ
ȻΟߴ飬Ҳǲʤħˡ
ս֮󣬻Ŀħˣҳȥɡ
ħзǳΣ׻ҡ
һħѾˣħоѴ̣
˵κεǸĻûˣ˿Ĳ֪˵ʲôˡ
Ҳ㣡Ǿǵˣ㲻ҲĴһħŵҲѾˣûвĴˣҺҲϣѾûҵ£㱣أ
뿪ˣȥ򶾹Һ£»ڱչء
֪ô¸˵
ǸԵĻҪԡ
ºͻǩԼַɲǣЩ˲оˣ֪ˡ
֮أ쿼ں²ǳصʱ򣬿ںչҲûãֻ׼³ء
¼˻ԴĿܣ񲻸ҿ¡
µ͵һѾʲô
һ䣬Ϣǳ֪ô¿ڡ
¹װƽߵǰĸŻԴ˺ܾúܾá
ַǺͻһȥģֻһˡ
Ѿ뵽ʲôÿζ뿪ڣ⶯˼£ʲô˵
֮󣬺ڿڣ䡣
˭ɱ˷磿
һŮǳԼʲôû˵Ѿʲô֪ˡ
ĵѾˡ
ôʲôҪǸʧ
˵ʱǾȻһĨпЦݣĿ£Ҫ綳ᡣ
ܿġ
ڼˣڣʲôܵס
ʥôʥҲǲܿ⣡ʮħϾҪأ֮ʮ
ǻΪλҪȥ³أ
ңһҪΪ籨𣡣
̾һ£㲻Ӧñô࣬ķɡ
˵ԴӻͺǩԼ֮󣬺µԸеһЩʹ޾Įܸܵ治ٴαŶԿˣ
֪Ǻ⣬ұ̫ΣԴӸĸ͸뿪Һүүչ˵ңүү뿪Һ󣬷ΨһˣڷҲҶȥҼ˵ĳҪүүĳҲҪĳҸҪ۳˺жҲҪɱһ
ˡҲΪʲôôԵ硭
ң˺ʲô
ƽֻǱ֮ǰƽ
ں˵ˣһᶼûȻĮ侲
Ůһʲôľʮѽ
һйһ£ǰѻһͨû£ںû
ܵĵµ䲻˵ͻΪµħЩߺ¡
ɱ۵ĴŵǣŵѾɱŵۣ
ѾףΪʲô˵ΪҪΪУ磡
ʲôû˵뿪˻תǰȥ
źįıӰһʹ
֮£ǿѹסڿƲסӾһ㱬ȻһѪһͷԵڵء
¡

֮֮ǻʱֻסµ¿Ļ߻ħ
Ȫˮĵ֮£ѾȫֻǾϻЩ
ѯʻֻ˵ַˣȻûи߶졣
Ҳַ֪ںеλãܵ˴ҲǰĪ£κΰο¶ȥûãֻкԼͦͺá
ͻû뵽ʮ֮󣬺¾ͻ˹
ٴҶ֮ʱȣѾȫָֻǺºһһ㣬ǰӵĮ
¿ʼչȻͻƣöͻɵˡ
ھȶ£¾Ȼͻƣ
ڶͻޱ𾪵Ŀ֮£ʱ͡һ񹦡ͻ˺üΣ
ͻԱһֱΪ»סǿ֮
ͻ֮ʱٲһİɫ٣ȻǺɫ٣޾ĺɫħһ㣬ǵصѹ
ǻΪ»Ļºͻʥ֮ʱᱻٻƬ
סһҲЩٵĹʮתǿ߳پȻǶ٣
ÿһ֮ж޾ľ綾ֶطǳֲǻľΪߣȪˮĻҲܲ־綾ʴ
һС˺ϣȻЩ֮ǻ´֮á
³ٵϴǳʹ֮࣬Ķȫյһɶ
µն֮˶˺ɫ󣬺תеĶΪá
ٹ󣬺ѾǰǸ£ǡʥ


379 Ҫħ
ٴЩ󻺻վ𣬶ԻͶлͶǰΪµס٣¸м
ӣû뵽츳ôãһٷǱʣ£ԳʦˣǺǡ
ô̵ʱ˳ɾͣϻοû뵽ǣַ羹ȻںµҪַ֪֮Ϣ֮󣬺³ԳܵĴ󽭾һ㱬ѹжʹй˳Ӷøľǣ
ºһСȪˮʱо࣬չһоɣ޾
ǰҵĶѾ˵ڰ˲㣬һ񹦡Ѿ˵߲㣬ҸоһѾͲǰǰңҵʣ͡һ񹦡߾磿һʱ乻
ɴ۾£㼸ʱͻ˺ü㣬ٶѾܿˣ㻹һͻ߾磿Ϊ츳úʺúƴŬôȱٵûĸ򣬾ҲһӳΪǿߵģһţһֱûŸĸֻ֮һҹʱʹͻ񾳽磡Ȼһ𾳽磬ռ޷ȵģҲ˵һʵ˼ˣľѾĳָ߶ȣڸĸָ֮һҹ񣡡
Щȣ漴Цҡͷ鲻ܴĦġ
£Ѿ˵ڰ˲㣬ˣڵھŲ㣬ҪһĻԵ͸򣬾ǰ˵ģҪչûõģһ񹦡ڰ˲ĻڵѾ㣬ҪĻҪ˫
Įĵ޷ǾǺ˽ֺɱˣеĵ˲ڽ³ΪԼĵʯһͻþ飬Լľ͸ҶáɱˣǺǡܿ죬Ҿͻɱܶˣ
˵֮ɱڣͶ춼оȲȥɱˡ
˫ݣⱲӶκ˫ˣ⡶һ񹦡а֮㣬֮󣬾֮ȻʢʱȻ
æ£˵Ǻ쳾˵ɱˣֻɱ¾ȥջħħ֮ǲ԰Σô϶ҵ˼Ҫˡ
ЦħôҵȻֻ֪ɱ¾ȥħСҾ֪ҪүүǴ½ߵǿߣħ;ֻҪΪȥ˱ħô
½ǿߣ֮еǿڻͶ͹ҲϺš
£ħô򵥣ħ֮䣬Ĳ̱壬鲻ϣħĵһؾն˿ַħϰ벻ħģ
治֪ѾͷʲôǻͨԼӦħ
ħһĺ¡
ԺµԸħ߾ĻԻΪһŮħͷ
һ붼һ¡
Ʋ˻һۣܲħԺ˵ˣǰңڵĹܷܽźʥŻ𹫻𣿡
Ȼһҽȴǳ壬һǧ꣬ɱûɱһˣ
ڣ˵Ļ˼ףҪħô½֮еĶĻǺ½ΪУ
оµɱķǳأ
£ֻɱ飬һ·νԩͷծǿɱɱ֮ˣЩɱ֮ˣǻǷŹΪãڵĹҪ½⣬ʱһѪɺӣͿ̿
֪ĻȥģǶ˵Ŀź·
ЦѪɺӣͿ̿ҾҪѪɺӣͿ̿ˣдôֻΪ˸˱𣬸籨Һһ֮ںȫˣҲñô
˵ԩͷծûڸ㣬ɱȫҵڵѣɱүүźʥǿߣɱַ۵ĴŵǣȻŵ²ˣۣҳҵˣЩˣǷҵģ
һʱǰһ軨ðǣҲ̫ˣ
źʥ󶥼ԺڵΪȥûʲô⣻Ϊ֮һ¸ûа취𣻶ģԵĿǾ磡۴ˣ²뱨ҲὫַеƽ
ˣ⡭ô
ԡ
£ַ粻۴ô
ͻȻ뵽һǳص⣬ַһֱ۴˵Ծӣôðһŵǣ
һԵĻʵַǼðģַȷġ
һ²⣬һ۴ַ֪ðźַ綯֡
۴˶ð䣬˻ʲôģ
Ȼַͻȥ֮£첢֪顣
һļҪҲҪҷû·ˡеʹҺ¼ɣ
ǰʱһ¾Բ˵ġ
ѽһħˣ²һõѡô
ΪʲôħˣҾ;ۡϵۺʮأ
ѵһһŮôΪʲôҪ
ûħԸϵۻʮҲǧǧ
ַ󣬻ȷĻ䣬ѾҪͷ
ǧǰһħĴ֮ҪĴ޸һħɱ磬һħˣΪԼħħ
˿̣µļģûѾȼŻ档
ӴˣҲк£ҽַ磡ҾһħҪԷ̤ƽ磡ҪȪ֪÷翴ҺΪһ飡
ħ
챻𾪵ĲεƲסĵ˼ǿסΡ
һħһ㣬ĵħ֮·һһֱȥҪħҪΪᣡ
ֱһ仰׵ｹۣ᣿
˵˲񾭲ǿЦǶ췢֣·ǳ棡
ͺദӣоһǳĮˣ˵һһ˵ǶῪЦ
տʼ̺µʱ򣬶ú»һСԺҪĿռȥ̣ǽӴ֮ȴ֣κ鶼ľ֮ϸǿ̿Ŭһ
оԼһ㣬˵׶ʲôĴ
ԼȻĴ޺һħ
찡
һ룬ַһĻݵͻĪƿ϶Լ·Ϊַ籨
Ҳħ뿪צԼ·
۵ɢַôŬḶ
Щ˶ΪַĴڲһַ˵ĹǣĹһɢȻɢȥ
ַϢԲܴȥ
ʱ򣬺˵ַ磡Կʱۣǣһ˻ַᷢǼٵģ
װװģСѩַԼŮ派Ѫϵַһǿ϶֪
ҡͷֻúµȶ棬ʱĽһһĸˣͻƣ
Ҫ뾡跨ַ۵һܷɢ
Ѿ˼ƻ
쿴Щĺ£̾һ£ҵһ㣬ҲôĻںޡ
쵱ɱƮĻЩ϶ô࣡
ƮĴѾ˶ħ
ǶûУҪɱƮ֮ʱƮͶˮͻԼͰƮǰĶ
ħ֣޷԰ΣǶڴˣججǧԭ
˻ţѾˣֻΪʦԸȥ
񣬡Ѿ˺£ѾɣҲԼ뿪ˡ
쿴ź£̾һ
³ȥ֮һɱ䣬Կ½㶾ǲ뿴ģڶҲΪȥ
ܿͨˣ˸־ÿ˶Լѡ·ǴǶԲڼɡ
ѡ·ǿҵĸоµѡǶԵģ
Լǧǰ˰ɣԼڵ̫̫࣬һ޷ֲ
£ȻִţѡǶǴ֧㣡
һأͻȻ׵Ȼ֣ߵĺ»ûзӦͱơ
ְ˺µ飡
£ҪҪ
ʵ²ûз֪Ҫʲô
ֻʣ¼ʮʹ޽ʦ꽫һĶңһЩ綾ҵ岻ݣѾ뿴֮ڣȪˮҲûа취ȡ
һʹˣ춾֮壬κξ綾ų⣬һǧĹȫ㣬ԺҪúãû£ȥɡ
һ˵ȻܽԼˣȫһҲܣΪĹϾԼģԼûа취ٷְٵںϣʼʱ򣬵õ˱˵ͻͻͽžΪߣЩ˵ͻַ֣Ϊ谭
һˣû˴˵ġ
ȻûоԣЩ⣬ǿԽܺɱ˵ٷְٵںϡ
ַħѪɺ˵ĺڰ֮ΪУȫԼںϣûаĸãַҲеĺڰߣȻڰħ֮˲ַ϶ȥɡ
춾֮壬еľ綾ߣȻκεĶû˿ų⣬Ҳٷְںϣ
ҲʺǲеĶߣʱҲľ磬ʦ
ĵõʦĴ֮ҲӳˣΪҲˣʼհѲһЩʦķɣ޽ֻܻʮˡ
ǧȻӣĸ׻еӹŰݵħǧǰһֱĥ
Ըδˣʦġûҵ̳ˣ򶾹ҲûкʵУǲģԣ˽ļδ½˾Ÿӣûһܽȥ
Ļ䣬׼ӡ֮ʣµĵ˶Ը
򶾹ȵĹѾ˵ڰ˲㣬ڶԸˣûںҪߣԼһĹ¡
¶ݣʦȻһֱҳΪʦں̵µһ̣Ǻµʦ
ʦģ㽫һ˺£һúãʦģһ򶾹ȵ½
±һرŮʦΪԼģǴӦʦģҲһ
οĵ˵ͷǧǰӣһҲû˼ȥͷչɣѡӣܽڴȥͲˣû뵽ôı
£ô˵ʦķǳˡʦ֮ǰ㼸仰
ʦ˵
Щʵʦ˵ģһ㶼ûܣҾһʧܵ˰ɣǺǡ
ޱĮĵʦȷʧܣ㣬ͽһ̵ɱһɶһɱʦôĻҾͳ磬һ񹦡Ҳɱһɶ㲻ʧܣʧеʧܣʧҲͰˣڻɱѰ
Ȼ쳤ӵɴ۾ź¡
ǧˣԼĸ⣬û˸ѵڵˣԼ̳ĵӣȻѵԼ
£ô˵ңǴ治
תͷĿĶŶ죬治˵Ҵ治Ĵ治򶾹ȵĹأҲιڵҸô㾹Ȼ˵Ҵ治ڷʮ·ߣʲô


380 ºأ
ȻʧЦôڳӲˣˣ
±ǳƽ࣬ûк㿪ЦھҪ㲻ǵõĻҸ㣬ڷʮ·ߣߣʱڣߣţ
ھ͹ǰϴɣ
첻Цҹ򣿺Ǻǡô˵Ҳ򶾹ȵ̫ϳϣҲûȨɣ
µ˼ҳΪ죬Һǵ˵Ժ󲻻֮ڵ£Ȼ㶼ˣʲô̫ϳأ
ѾͷЦѾͷڿû㿪Ц˵㶼ʦˣʦͽ¹ĵ
ãȻˣҾ͸ʦһӣˣĴҵʦҲҪ
Щˣµ׺«ʲôҩ⳪ĳ¸ͲһóЦˣһڶ֮ʡ
ЦããҵҪҪôҵ
񼫣
ǺǡҵҪô
һ㲻ʦصڶûнڷ󣡵Ƿǲ֣Ϊ֮Ůԩ
һ͵ڶڶ˵Ҫûеĳ֣컹ΪԼҪˣϵһжǹ⿪ˢԼԼ뿪һ㣬಻ԼѰ̼ǵһ֣ͻȻһЩ£һʹ֪²ڿЦ
ģ
һ侲Ȼ˵һһģҶԸܷ
ʦ׻˵ֻˣ˵ĶѾҩɾȣڵȷҩɾȣǧҹҩô㱾Ƕҽҽħô½һ޶ݵλɽҪҽҩĻֻҪһ仰ЩΪң˵Բʦ
ͷûǧǰһս½ǿ߼Ҷޱȣʥص˼ҶҴ˵ħս֮Ҫͳһħô½Ļ£ѰҽҩĻǧʱ䣬һҵûУΪʦ˵ĿԡҵĴʲôϵ
û̫ϵֻ֤ʵһЩѡҲµûĻǧǰͲˣ϶ҩֻʦ֮ǰԸ㴫С֧룬ʦ֮ǰ뵽Ļһ㴫ôĶѵôѵ벻ףʦҪȥҪȥɱˣ
ʲôͶǧ꣡װ׵˷ʦ϶ʵĴвҪҪǣʦ㶾һ겻񣡡
ʦΪ˸ŮûиʦǧĺΰΪβҵҩκԼ壬Ϊβɱ˰ƮΪβɱ罫һ񹦡鶼һ
죡ûУ㹼ʦһģʦԸ˵ʦصô
ʦ죬һϻǲϣ
ʱоĵһƬѵҴôѵʦԸұô
ͻȻԺʦ֮ǰĻ档
졭ĵʡ죬ΪʦҪȥˣһ㣬ǵãΪʦһҪں͡ħȥ
סҲǶһĥ߳ضΪǿߡһҪһҪ
ǵãʦû˵꣬ˣʦȷ˵ԼԼȻûУ
ʦԼ߳Լȴȥǧꡭ
˺ܾã֮е˵֣֪
֪ͺã
¼ôҵĻǧ꣬㱧Թ첻ӣһĬĬĳʹ࣬ǲǾί
ǺǡҸ㣬ʦҪֻʮ꣬ʮ֮ǰܵʹԱʦܵʹҪǧٱ
һСӶܳͲô˵Ҳ£Ϳʼ£ҲµĻھʦѵңվѵ㣡
Ȼ仰˵ķǳǿһëСѾͷѵһǧϹ˵дʣ
ĸǿ
ʦģ̫ʧˣʦģͽҾԲʧܣұɱˣҲһʺĵط
ʦǲǾһֽѣʵӱܶѣ˸־ȻҾͳȫ㣬ˣֻӵʧܣ
ҪɣҲĵģˣĸô죬ĵô죬иչˣҺæûʱ䣡
УʺĵطһҲ
µȻЩʧأ֪ԼЩԶˡ
ѹһԼʦǧ꣬¡Ȼʦڽ㣬ѵʷĳ֮ôڿڴеһʣ˼ˣ
Ϊɷ󣬵ƵкȪµʦ֪
ңҲŭβѣ
ǺµĻ޴ӷ
˵Ķʵ
ҡ֪
¸оѾЩɢңʼţ϶˵ˣ޶ţҪģҪݣҪֻĺ޵ʦأ˵ǧûɱһˣǺǡ
ʦңʲôǺˣʲôǻˣ
˵һǧɱĶǻˣǺðɣǻȴԼļˣѣֵܷǳãУǻôǸ˵ļֵ㱨أҪɱʦأʦǺ˻ǻأ
ϸûк˺ͻˣֻе˺ѣ˭ɱ뺦ңҵĵˣ˭ҺãҵѾô򵥣ˣƨ£
һ㲻أǷǲ֣Ů
ͺһƬҵĿ֮һ˿
ʦħսʲôΪŮʲôΪ
췴ԵѿڶҵʱʥתƮתҶӺŮʱʮͷΪ
㻹˼˵΢ŭΪӺŮΪȥħս㲻ǽȥô
ħսħĴսǵǺãȥڻң㿪սʱɱأǱźŮأ
˵Լļ£ָһЩʱЩĵħô½ȫԱħַǿռ䣬Ĵɱˣħô½Ϳ̿԰ѵҲдôҵŮħɱҲĽҫԹ޻ڣ
Թ޻ڣҿǰ׳հɣ
ŭң
Цô˼㻹ʸ񣡡
㡭
סؿڣʱоѪӿžҷڣƺҪǻ⣡
һʡ̼ʹѾöܲס
ȱѪ˵²٣һˣԼźŮˣ㻹˵ʲôƨ԰㽫Ů˾أ˵ĽأҫأڣǺǣһħһƾٸڣڻҼΪܽôҫô˵ɱħΪô
ûлش𣬵ʱħô½ˮȣ˶ȥսҲΪһǿߣٻ֮Ҳܲȥ
ʱŮҪȥ쵱ʱ϶Ѿ¯ľ磬˾Բ⣬ҲʹŮ
ĶȷħսҲܽźŮڶ֮Уǵȫ
쵽ڶ֪鵱ʱħıʱǣħǿߣ
Ϊ̫鲻ȥԸ죬Բȶ˶źŮ
Ҳû뵽ʦ󱻶Ѷ
ôһ˵ǳڣʱ˽ʦ˼չˣ˶μħսܣ˭Ҳ
شǰɣشҪҲ֪㲻ϣ
˵˵ƮɣͰƮ˰ޣƮʲôӦûɱͶԸ˵鼫һŮԼŮԼ˵˵ĻƷ˻ôദ꣬ͷ˰ɣΪʲôû֣
ֻһһŮŻΪģȻôǧ㶼Ҳ᲻ɱһܺãΪʲôôõŮ˻Լ˵أʦ㵽ûһ飡
֪һ֮󷨣һ׽ȥ˶󷨿ƣ罫Щ˾˳Щߣ
ҲµûĻһ񹦡λ飬ǧǰ̫أˡ֪Լһ󷨿˰ƮȻԼ˰Ʈڣ
ˣʦ˵ô࣬Ѿ㶨ˣ㰮ϲϣǰѾˣʲôԣ˵ɡ
µÿ仰ɫһ䣬岻ĺһÿ仰̽˶
ҪɱûȥȰΪκȰοĻûõġ
ֱӵͷһ̼ʹĻɽһ˶ֱӽ쾪ѣ
Ѿ˵ϣ˿Դޱȵѣǧһֱʹ֮в԰Σڱµͷȣһޱȣ
νԹ壡
ºͶദʱ䲢⼸ʱ䳯ϦദǺ´ӶһЩϸСľٶеͰƮԻΣжϳһУ
һԿź£˺˵ô࣬һϻ쳤ĴģһĽȥ״̬Ҳһֱţֱ˵꣬оԼ°͵ˣȥˡ
ĶԺͶأ
ƽʱѾͷϧ𣬺˵
ָоѾͷ˵Ļ϶ǰʮ˵Ļࡣ
Ѿͷ̫ˣƽʱ֮һ仰Բ˵һ˵ôֱ࣬ᰡ
ԻǻۣԲжϳôֻ࣡ǴһЩ΢Сϸ֮ϾƶϳЩ
ۺƶϵǼ٣ǶǴѾͷ˼ά֮ݣһ˿ɱģ
ֱһ

ͻȻֽһһͷŭʨһ˻һ͵˼Ѫ˵ϡ
ǰȥҪôˣһȣù
һ㶣ķ˷ۣԹԵĴһߣۿһ
˺ܴվͻȻһѺɫ׼ء
˶ԵȪ֮µʦôԵȥŮôҪǰɣԶһ㣬Ҫҵ
ѾȥȪ֮µʦŮˣˣȫܣֻһл£
֪Լ˵еˣԼһĴ̼ʹὫų˯ǧĻѣѾˣǱµĻǧһ̵ǧٿףˡ
´лðӱǧ꣬ѵҪһֱӱôǧǰûףѵĸôʦĳûбˣ濴ʦô
Ҵ޽һʲôȥ𣿾ôܸıʲôô
ȥõġ
ץˣһתͷͷࡣ
ʱ𾪵°Ͷˣͺʶôãûм»ץ񡭡Ϳɰһ档
ŭ죡ˣ˵ô಻ǰ׷ˣܲʮƣ
ɶס
ôʮƣ
ֱӱǺµһη𣬺ǿܱºء
û취˭úԼء
һž޴Ļצ˹ȥֱӽɣֱӴ˰׶ʯڣ˻ԡ
´У費ôҪһ㣬Ҫô
ޱȱĵ͹ҵ˭ң򲻶ԣҲԣҷֻôһ˭֪ô򡭡
˼˵һҲһʮתǿߣ־壡ˣұ죬ǰʧжԶ߶ԶԶ
µĻ䣬ѾʧԭأӰ


381 šʥŸ
֮󣬷ԼĴϣȫһ˺۶ûУоڵϢ֪ԼѾȪˮ
µĻףѾͷǲԼ
ھãԸ飬ǳĮԼʦҲûʲô飬Ѿͷӿ˰ɡ
ǵַ󣬺±ֳĸжҲǳĽַһԸΪַ縶һеã
ɴжϣµĸϸ壬ֻںõˣ͹ˡ
ԶԼһ£֮뿪硣
û뵽£öȥܣ˿˵ÿ仰ǶԵģ
ԼѾһǧ꣬ѵʣµʮ껹Ҫȥô
ǺǡһֱµĻţɿЦԭǧһֱӱܣֻҲԣһСŮͨƾʲô벻ͨ
гһҶҽӽ쿪ʼҪسħô½
еĻͺ¶Եͷ
˼ܣַ֪ˣҪַ·Ҫ֣չԼ
ʵħô½˽֪ǿߣ϶Ҫս
ȻҪǣ²뿴ʦججĹȥ
˼գºͻж˳
βûнŴӴȥڴס򶾹ȣǽյɵ񣬺úչԼĸס
ǧǰѾԼ˴ȥμħսԵĵҲħô½Ķ첻ԼľŴӻĸ׾У
˱ȥݣȴȥݣڸ½ķֻ֮еȴͰϵűݵĸֳչϣǵ£ûκϢ
ûַ赲ݵɷ֮µ˽ȥݡ
һ
Ȼ޷뱱ݣô˾ж˵㹻Щ
ǵĶͻǰʵ½ûа취ôҪ֪Ҷ
ţȴšʥź𹫻֡
Щûϵݵˣź𹫻սһֱڳţǰڰæ𹫻ᣬҸоڸͲʥź𹫻ֻ֮СС֣ȥźʥҪȫ𹫻ûмʮģ̫ˣڣǰ֣ⳡս
˼ڰæԸ𹫻᣿𹫻һٶԸźʥţ
µǰֶԸźʥţһźʥŸ߲ŻŭŻӴȶԸ𹫻ᣬ֮ٿı߲ı߲ǾͻϽͣԸıߡ
ͶͷȷǺע⣬ƲܾˣʱԸʤһҲ׶ˡ
ַѶԸ𹫻֮ʱտʼʱѵȷǵһЩźʥѹǶԸ𹫻ᡣ
Ȼǲ֮ѵҲֻʮѡʮҲǴźʥһЩ֮Уаæ
źʥŵܵѵ֮ҲǷǳô벻ͨΪҪǶԸ𹫻ᣬǳֺõ£
ûиԭ򣬶źʥҲֻհ졣
ʼ𹫻֮սźʥŵȷ𹫻֣˼Σ˫˫ء
𹫻ǧ̣ħô½һţھ˼δģս֮źʥŸо𹫻ǿ֮ǵҪǣźʥҲ¿ǶԸ𹫻ļƻ
֮źʥſʼ̽ԵĶԸ𹫻ᣬȴǵ֣֮ݻеķֻᡣ
֮սֻǸԾֻˣ𹫻Ҳûаô˷
źʥŴ𹫻ķֻᣬ𹫻Ļڼŭ𹫻ᣡ
𹫻ξݻһҷֻᣬҾʹݻźʥҷɣ
𹫻ģһЩЩ֮Ҳźʥͬȵ
źʥ֮׶ȫΪڵĴȣڵĻźʥŸܷչĶ
𹫻ķֻᱻݻ˶ʮ֮Щ𹫻гĴŭˣǵĻﱻ˼Σ
ﱻˣ𹫻⳥ЩҲ֪źʥģźʥô
һΣˣҲǸڵӣǴˣộ
ǣźʥƨ
һЩ𹫻æɱźʥǿ֮źʥŹˣóȻ֡
ѵõϢָ֮źʥ֧Ԯʮʥ
Ѱ֧֣źʥҲҺ𹫻ˣǰк𹫻𹫻ȵʱ죬ȴȫ֣
ǣšʥź𹫻֮սҲͽĽһʽս
ҲˣôˣַҲûԼ鷳
ѲˣûѵѹźʥҲʼɢˡ
ǣģšʥź𹫻ŴţĪͣˣֻżɧŶԷ
ºͶγɽٴȼս

ҹ쳣
ޣʥһֲ
˿̣˶磬ֻЩЩͷѲš
磬˵źʥŵĸ߲ǲڳ磬ûʲô𹫻ᣬʥŵǿ߶ʮˣòƽϢҪȥ𹫻Ļ׶༪٣Ҷ֪ܻܲŻܺĵҲˣ
֪ʲôźʥžǱʩѹҪǺ𹫻ῪģȻһ´ҶˣûʲôǰлҪģҪȻ֪ˣ£ǾȻô𹫻֣֪¾ˡ
˭֪ʲô硭
ܣûио䰡ˣǵΪô䡭
˵ͻȻ˸¡
Ҳ䡭
˻û˵꣬ͻȻоһһϢѪֱֱĵȥ
Աߵ˺ͬȫ鴤Ѫڵϡ
϶ǰеĺΪ֮ɫζֻҪɢڿ֮Уߣھͻ
ڻϣʥŵķֻᣡ
ЩѲߵ˶ϢĵȥЩ˯֮еˣҲ
ʮӵʱ䣬½ǿɱһɶЩʥҲס֮ʴ
֮̾ɱӰΣֲöʦѶ壬ܽħͰ඾
ں¸Ҫ֮ʱԶ˹
µʦô͸㶨ˡ
ƽĵţѾˣɱʮˣ
Ȼʦֻǻһɶѡ
Щƣɱ˻찡
ǰԲŶȥɱԼɵˣڣԴӺ½ѵһ֮󣬶Ѿ䣬Ҫľǽڷ󣡸ʦ𣬸Ů𣡣
˵Ѿһ˱һɱ˲գ۵ħͷ
һֱΪԼһˣǧǰһսԺ˶֪ݻǣһħһĴڣûΪһɱͰһʲôƨ˾ӣ
ʥ֮Ϣŵĵ̡
ŻŶͺڸ߿շУʶ£û˻ᷢ˵ټ
ֱַдɣȫɱ
ɱôˣºͶ춼ЩȻϢȥ
еĿѾﵽ
ڶ죬źʥŸ߲ŭһҹ֮䣬ÿɶʮˣ˷ǳ񶾣ͲӬŹ
֮ڵĻŵκж
źʥŽеŭ𹫻ᣡ
𹫻棬£
źʥҲ֪Σܲ𹫻ģ˴߰м޻
ǣ𹫻᲻ųɣֻҪɾ͹ˣ
źʥŵΪ㲻𹫻ΪҲǺ𹫻ЩϵΪ
Щĸ˾磬ɱεö֣
ҲǶ죬ǶѾǧ겻£ܺźʥŶϡ
ߣǧ֮ǰĴ˭֪Żˣ
źʥŸ߲жϣźʥǰ𹫻Ļŭ˿̿϶Щⱨ
ǣšʥź𹫻ĴսһĻ
սһ½𹫻ÿ춼дɱң
źʥŵķҲ𹫻ǿݻ٣
ڴսʼ֮󣬺ºͶ첢ûţȥźʥöɱˣ
ȥ𹫻ɱˣԻɱЩ׸֣ʥһƾǧ
ÿ¶ǳɾʶ֮£κ˶һ
Ÿ߲㣺ʮˣѾʮˣϵʥţ׼𹫻ȫ濪ս
ʥŸ߲㣺ʧ̬չȥʥžͻǽзɵĸһںһɣϵڣ
𹫻߲㣺ϣ˾ǿߣ¼һѾʮˣǾ͸ֻᱻ٣ﱻʧǳأһδεãźʥһδεĽƣ᳤ܻǻȫ濪սɣ
𹫻᳤ֹܻͣתϵкгĴСȫźʥţǱߣԼȥססһҪ죡ʮ֮ڽźʥڻûж֮ǰȫҪȻȫ֧źʥţ룡
¡Ͷ˳šʥź𹫻ȫս
󶥼ս½ս졭
֮𹫻ŸֹܲɱƬײ֮زز
ͬʱʥܲҲʮʥΧЩ֮𹫻˷ǳ٣඼ĸ֡
ʥܲеĳ·ǿ߷֮չһɱֳѪɺӣʬɽ֮һѴʥűʷ
ڼǿߵɱ֮£ʥҲ֮ززڵķɳ۶ȥ
źʥŻ̫С𹫻ˣ𹫻ǧ̣½Ĺϵǳã𹫻һֱǺƽħô½мߵ
𹫻᳤ܻʱض֮󣬵һʱ佫֪ͨк
ЩźʥŵĶдŭ
ŭ죡
ܶԸźʥΪУǵźʥصӰƻǵ֮Ӳôȥô
𹫻Ļ½ľþͻ̱
ħô½˿ڣаϵ˿𹫻Է
ܶǧ̣֮µĵӡҵҾȵȣе˼һӴ֣Щ˶ҪԣҪȣҪãܶάֺתǺ𹫻
źʥǶЩĺ·ô
ǿ벻̣
ֻ˶̶ʱ䣬ϵ˶½ǧСÿ֧𹫻ᣬɳ֧Ԯ
ǧһһˣǧܽʮźʥƽ
źʥעҪ

ѵõźʥűϢ֮ŭŭʱһ
ѣһǧ겻ɺã
һ㶣ԭ𹫻ġͨ졯᳤û뵽᳤ͨܶڵߣҴԪؽ磬Ϸֵͨĵ
ͨĿǳģǹıò
һǳɫĳۣ˫ֱգվʮ֮⣬ȫûκεϢ˸оĶš
ͨҴ˴ǰֻһ£źʥŶԸ𹫻ᣬǲµ
µôȻˣͲҪȥˣ


382 
ɱѶźʥű𹫻ɵѵϺݺݵĳһƣڴŭ֮ʣͨˣɱͨԽͷ֮ޣ
ͨЦѣҼȻҴԪؽ磬ɱôʱ֮ڲȥĻǵ˿ңʮ֮ǧͻ̤ƽڣ
ǧ
֣ѽɱѹȥ
ڼȷŭĽ׶ΣҲô嶯һ룬ȻԷ϶޿֡
ѻĵźʥŶԸ𹫻ȷµġ
ŶҾͲˣ𹫻һֻǶҵ򣬲κ֮ķߣ𹫻ʥкܶҲǴչźʥţǧ𹫻κǾˮˮΪλ𹫻ʱڣ
̾һ֣ͨҲҲǱƵģ
ƣͨ΢΢һϻ˭вɵ
ǵģӦ˵ַ硭
ַ磿ҵȷţмͣڱƻ𹫻һЩ顣Ȼǵ׷ɱĶأôв㣿
ѽַ紳ڵϸĸͨ졣
ַ֪֮ͨ󣬴󾪣
ͨûлѵĻΪΪһ𹫻ᣬûбҪȥʲô
ԭҲǲѣҶһᣡ¾ôˣ־Σ
ѵû⣬𹫻ڵĸҪһɣ˵ֳͨȫµǸɣҪȻҵ飿
ͨһЦȻǸǱġ֮һȥͨ棬ʽڵǸ
òˡ
źʥŵǧǰڵһЩ飬ǧڲŴչźʥš
źʥŽڵΪΪѺ̲һЩܶźʥź֮ǣֻ̣ڲЩܵģ
źʥŴĨڣֻһֻ۱һֻۣѵҪȥԸźʥôô֮еЩϲļ˶ܹźʥڵĶ飬ѵҪԸԼĶô
ڼϲѹ֮£źʥŵֶУֻܵû
Σ𹫻ȻĹ֣Ҳһϵ⣬ʵǽ𹫻Ὣźʥ׵Ĩˣ
ǲܲ׵ǹһȥ۸һӤĻ㻹Ҫ
źʥűֻҪ𹫻ṫڵǸôҲͻὫѹȥЩϲģҲøǽ
֣ͨһǺšʥ֮ȫսں˸ҹﶼᱻظɱһɶȴ޼Ѱźʥŵ˶¶ģ𹫻ûһνɱɱö֣Ϊһַ˰
ѵַ֣ͨ籾ҪԸô𹫻ģַڰƲһЩҲأ֮Ѿˣʣµ¶𹫻ˣЩѾûйϵ˰ɣ
ΪַҪԸ𹫻ᣬںԼʲôϵ
ͨЦ֣ԲӣжϣַرҰĲǹšʥź𹫻ܾˣһʤַ˾ͻԸʤһַ½Ǹַ磬ͳһ½硭
Ǻǣ֣룬ݷգַôģжϵûַѾͳһ𹫻ᣬ϶ǿɨݺݡַĿɣȻҲҿ϶ַһԸɣܿģֻǸѶѣַҪ𹫻ĻֵʱСܡ
ͨ˵ĻַȷǳǿߵͿԺɨ½ַҰͳһ½磬˵ҲҰͳһħô½
ðɣлͨѣַҪײ𹫻Ļ뵽ʱһͨһѵġ
ţҾȸˡ
͡
㣿Һйϵô
Ǻǡַ񣬺Ϊвôַùϵ֮ߣ

ڡ
λѪӰڵĵ̼ܶ
̺ʥŵͼ
ǿߵ׷ɱҹһֱ׷ɱٴˣǿ߿˴ڵĵ̣ȥ
˿̣˿ȥһӿж£ڵϡ
ͻΧ֮ƴӵ˵أ˿̻ȫˣѾʣ°
˳һЩ˵ҩֻϢһᣬùǿѹƣǰС
źˣ
û߶ãϰס˵ȥ·
̺ʥͼˣͨ
Ϊ׵һ˵ˣǣ߰ɡ
ͼһ㶣ʱоĵһƬ
ͼæλɱ𣬱׷ɱҪλи㡣
Ϊ׵ʥźЩڵǵŶס׷ɱڻô
̼æλˣǲҲã˸ǰһ֮ҪЩ׷ɱʱɥ
Ϊ׵ŭͬɥ֮Ȯסô
ٲǾͶˣ
ɫһƬңֻȥ
ǻƽȮۣ뵱ЩڵĵżǶǳȴ˶ǣ
һıߡ
ͼ̾һǰԮѲǣڵĵӶô˵Ѿǡں׷ǰȥ·޴ӣǺá
̲סڣ
֣ûз֣𹫻ĴѾȫˣ
ţûǿߡ
˸ո˳ʮ֮أһ޴ӰӴס˵ȥ·
һ޴ªޣ֮վһ溮˪ĺŮӣŮӵȫɢһֱϢ̺ͼһĲ
ǺˣΪεסȥ·
˱׷ɱԼ׷Ѿȥ֮ʱϲһ֣Щֻš
ˣСǲʶҸ㣬ַã
϶ʶ£ַ֮ʱʱ󾪡
ڱǵźʥŵɱүүҷҪźʥ˵ڵˣ
˵ţȫɢһĶ
ʱףΪҪǶԸ𹫻ˣһжַڰи
öɱǿߵˣǰŮӣ
һ£ŮϢɱǿߣ
ͬʱоŮӵΪǺǿʮǿ߸ŮһΪ
ƾ㣬ܵסô
ͼĻ䣬һתͻȻоԼȫѾɢȥһ룬ԼϵĶദ˿Ѿʼۿüٶȸã
ԱߵҲͬΣѾڿٵĸã

ʹĲҽУӸ߿׹¡
䵽ϵѾȫãûȴޱȵ
ߵߣЦ˲£ⶾֻһĸʴֻ֮ǽǵ帯ʴѣڶһЩĿļƷ񵤡ҩʹ࣬ȴǵĴޱȵǸоԽʹ࣬ʶͻԽУԽǾͻԽá̼
һëȻ񵤱ͻƿ֮ʱĵҩ⼫Ʒҩǳѱͻƿ֮ʱô쳣УܸܵκϸСĲÿλĸӦƽǧٱһͻƿзǳİ
Ѿͷ˿̾Ȼ񵤵ҩĥϣ̺ͼ˵ʹǧٱ
¼ǻܵǵһĸãƤǹܰɣֱǵ帯õһ˿ǲŻǸܶҲɱˣ
ɱҰɣ
ɱǰɣһʹɡ
ɱǣǺǣôôɱأ
̺ͼ˺ѷεĲҽУԽԽʹ࣬ʶ֮ǧֻĸһδεĲ
ʹһ˽һˣͣЪ
Ҳ£ʱ֮ǻģһ飬
ź·̲סЩ̫ˣַĴ̫ɰޣɰԹѾħıԵ
үүΪ㱨ˣ
үү㿴ôźʥŵѾɱһɶ
үүھȪ֮¾Ͱİɣ
үүģҳ罫𡭡
һֱ￴̺ͼ˵ʬ屻ʴһ̲ˮʱ˳ʱĲҽС
ڼ䣬۾ùס˶䣬ĳȥ
ڻеѾǧڣֱӽԷɱ˾ǣ̵ɱ˷ǵһο
ûȥֹ£Ϊ֪ħѪͲ̵ɱ˷ħð취
ǳģǺǻ
ͺ»ȥ֮Ͷļƻ
һĿ꣬𹫻ᡭ

£û֪µжΪûܵµס
°״һƬƽ棬ƽ֮޾ʱշ籩û֪һǿʱշ籩ѹһƽ
ռǿߣûܴʱշ籩֮дȥǿռħʦҲУͨҲУ
˭Ҳ֪ʱշ籩ʲô
ӣˣ
ַ۾֮󣬸оһԼһ򵥾µʯԼЩӲĴϣһͷͷͰĿԼ
ַͻȻо֮һĻңʲô벻
үүʲôطô
ͷӵɽӽ壬ǰɽϴԷ㣬ŶһŮ˶˻ԣǾͽǶ˴˻
ԴһǧˣûˣСӣǴģ
ַƴ룬Ǵ֮һƬհףʲô벻
үүҲ֪ʲô벻
ͷ̾һʧˣŮǰˣҲʲô벻
ַ룬æүүŮأ˼ʲô
Ů̫أһֱڴ峤ˣ岢޴󰭣ֻЩȹָһЩҴȥ
ַסͷһ˶סģһûȢӣַĵÿ춼ͷ˵˵ͷǳˡ
ɽֻǧ﷽ԲҲɽΨһĴӣֻٶˣ඼ˣֻʮ˺߰С
Ŷһңҹջ·ʰţǵǳ򵥣ǸȥɽԣȥɱһЩҰΪʳ
˵ĴҲһЩƤϵ·
ļ紺ǳůԭʼϢ
ȴûһ˿Щ˶ͨˡ
ַͷ˽⵽ǧǰǧˣǴ඼ӣŮȿ
ʱƣŮӵҲԽԽ٣Ůʧ⣬ֱڣֻٶˡ
˴û뿪ɽ˶֪뿪ûҵó뿪·
ºַѾȫͷַȥ峤
峤ǳϣѾһʮĸ䡣
һܻͨ˸䣬һˡ
峤дַ磬ַ漴Ҳ˺ܶ񶼹ˡ
ַ򴲱ȥһϤ׳ַ
ŵǣ
ַ磡


383 ˿϶¡
˶Է֣һ̣ȴԶһƬհףȴʲô벻
ַ缱æʵŵǣҽַôʶңң׷ʲô£
ŵһãҲ֪ʲô£ҷſĵһ֮ʱַ֪磬Ǵ֮һʲô벻ˡ
ַĵҲǣҷſʱҴͻȻðŵ֣ģҲʲô벻
˶˽ֵˡ
ʲôˣȴܼ˴˵֣ǿ϶ã
ǰɣҸǿˣѪҺͬ϶ã
ǿ϶Ƿˡ
ôᣬһ㶼ġ
ңǵĴô
ûǽˣŮָ֮ĶŮдô
ǿ϶ˡ
ţûҲ¡
峤ЦĸȻ˫˫ʧ䣬ȴ˵֣һԶ¡
˶΢Цͷ
Աߵһ˵˼ȻҲԵֳȥǴӶöûаϲˣҪΪǾһ񣬴֡
峤۾һȥܽôǻָһҵȥİ취
ȥôǶ˽飬Ϊһ˿ڣʮŮǵĴӾоˣ
峤ЦǸý飬֪Ҿأ
ãͬ⣬ö궼ûкϲˣ
ǰҲͬ⣬峤ΣҪضʮľó
úá
Աߵʮ˶кá
峤ҰҪֹӺŵСͬ⡣ֹ֪ӺŵСΣ
ַŵǵ֣֪룬ŵǣô
ŵЩãַ磬»ǵȬ˵ɡ
ַʱԴ峤峤үүҾûǵŵǵ˺ˣǵļָһЩ°ɡ
峤ֹҲ˵еʱŵǵ˺ˣ¿Ҿˣ

ַŵסַÿ춼չŵǡ
ݴ峤˵ŵǵƷǳأȻ֮ʱŵڵѾȫ飬ڵĹͷҲƬҶΪŵǻˣŵǵĻһɢϢŵǵƣŵǲŻ˹
ַ翴ŵߵķɢŵЩŵǵĺŵǵڡ
лַʲôǲ
ŵǵƻָķǳ´Уַνǽʺȫλչˣ
ǶַŵǵĸǳãַŵܸоʲôԣΪʧԭɡ
ʮַ峤ȥɽԡ
Ϊÿ׳԰׺ȣַĲ˼ˣȻ˲⣬ҽǳԵĺȵĶַַнŵģһֱȥͼʲô
ַҵ˴峤
峤ַ֪֮жַΪͣȻһ꣡
峤ʵʹô
ַһãҡͷ
峤һѳַ磬ѵҰ꣬ҵʱѵɱһͷ쵻Դ֮ѵʮûмѪˣ͸ˡ
лл峤үү
ַӹ֮ͻȻֵһء

峤Ц⵶ǳأʮȻʲôҲǳ󻢺Ͷɽɣǻչġ
ַһ󽫵һ٣ʮĴ󵶱ַľ
峤ȻĿڴôô󣿣
ַǳãȻҲֻ֪һҸоûһ
գǹգǴȥǰһܾ𼸰ٽľʯǰЩţڿˡ
峤ַ˴󻢼ңֵ˳ӭӴ峤ַ磬峤һ֮˴ַɽ
ֵܣ߻СĻ
ֵܣ·ߣо۵Ļ˵ǾϢһᣬӹǣ̫Сˡ
ֵܰɽǳȵˮڲˮݱһ·ˡ
һ·֮ϣ󻢺Ͷֵַٰܶչˡ
ֵܣôôãôòô
ֵַܷ米Ŵ峤ʮ˰ʱոһǳҵɽͷȻֵͷ󺹣
ַҲ֪һ㶼оۡ
󻢺Ͷһ㿴ַ硣
󻢵ɽǴеĿĵأȵˮϢһᣬһж
ڵϣóһЩˮ߳ߺȡ
ʱֵַܣſƯҳôûмôƯŮӣ£ԺŮˣҪңô
ַһסˣȻʧ䣬ЩʶǶģ㶼ʮˣŮע⣬Ůûгأ
ƽʱ˵Ļַ϶һƽǽʱͬգɽֻٶ˿ڣֻмŮˣ󲿷˶ǹ
˭ҽˣȻŻûأǵŮͱ˶ˡ
ַ绹û˵󻢾ͼˣʲô˼ҿ磡ַŮĻ϶Ǵҵġ
ʲô磬ҿ㣬ô˵ˣҴ磬Ӧңңң
綼ˣûŮأͱʹˣԺǣòã
У磬ҲܣַŮһҪš

󻢺Ͷһַ࣬һͷߡ
갡ӵŮûгأë
ŮˣҲ޸ûϢģ
ַŭˣҲûãŮҲ޸ǣ
ֵתͷΪʲô
ַ˶ʮˣŮ˶ʮˣǶʮˣô
󻢵˭˵ҪʮˣŮô˵Ļͱɡ˴塯ˣŮӶʮͼˣʱҲʮֲ꣬ϡ
Ҳ갡ַһ룬һʮĻûСѾͷҪˣһ޸һ塭
ַ񺮣ȫżƤ
ַ粻ˣֵܳȥҲûûˣûá
ֵܼģַһߺˮ⣬˵Ĵڡ
磬ҪɣǴÿ˽ʱзҪŮɱһͷ޻ΪҪֵˣ˭ɱһֻ޻ô˭ȢַŮţ
󻢵װɣɱ޻Ҫзȥɱ޻Ϊ͸ŮʲôֲȢŵС㡣
ȢŵС㣬Ǹô
ͻȻһתͻȻЦҪȥҾ޻þ޻ַˣŵС㲻ͳҵ𣿡
ǰҪǰַɱ񲻸ã
ԱߵַĵҲô
ֵַ֪ڿЦ紾ӣȥɱ˵ģ˿ô٣ַɱˣŵѰ̼ô죿
ߣҪַĻԲᵱַ˵ɱַĻ
磬Թ밡ַôǰɱһֻ޻ô޻һƾͰˡɱ޻£ֵ˺ϻɣ˺ϻɱһֻ޻˭Ծ޻˺˭ӮңʱӭȢַŮô
㹫ƽãôˣ
δ󻢺ͶַԵģֻһЩСҰ޵ĵطԣֵһ󣬾ַȥ޻ĵ̡
޻ȻǴ󻢺ͶҲɱΣһ˵һֻ޻ĻѶȱȽϴпܻˣ˺Ļɱһֻ޻Ƿǳ׵ġ
һ·һЩСҰޣֵ˶ûж֣Ϊ޻ĵ̱ȽԶ·ϵʱĻϾͻزȥˡ
ɽû£һϣִҰ޾ͻɽĻ϶ΪҰ޵͡
ǽַԵģ˴ַǰУֱ޻ĵ̳ȥ
ȫǰУʱ֮㵽˾޻ĵ̡
ȫǰ˰ʱ󻢺Ͷ۵˵ϣַ治ġ
ֵܰôôǿһʱѾĻô
ǰֵܣ㿴嵥֮ǰôصˣƸպã˵Ӧ÷ǳôʱ˵Ļá
󻢺Ͷ˶Ǹߴͣȫ⣬׳ţַͺȣ
ַ絭ĵҲ֪ҸǺ汼ܺƽ·ûʲô𡣡
󻢺ͶȻĿڴ
ѵ˵е
ַ˼ʧˣʲô벻Ҿܴ󡣡
϶˵еˣǳɣҾ޻һҪȥ
󻢺Ͷʼƾǵľ鿪ʼҾ޻
ھ޻ĵ̣ûҰ޵ģΪɽ֮ǲҰռԼĵ̣
߽һƬïܵɭ֣ɭ֮ڷǳʱĴһЩĽЩɭ֮С
о޻ķ㣬ǰо޻ûҪСˣֵĸ󣬲Ҫɢ
𣡣
ַ˻ûз־޻Զһĺ
Щ˷ܵĵû뵽ô޻ͳˣǰߡ
󻢳ǰȥַ
죬ͬʱֹס˽Ų
Ϊǰĺһͷ޻ĺһľ޺
ܿ죬׿ʮͷɫʰ쵵ͻ
󻢺Ͷɫ˲ɷס
ⲻǾ޻ǱȾ޻İ쵻ܣ
תɢ
󻢱ܱߺôһӳô쵻ô£
һ·һֻ޶ûϣ϶ǰǿ˵ġʳ
ᣬǲôùɣ
ʮֻͻַɫǳƽһ㶼£һϰ߶ѣоʮֻͻ˲Լ
ַʵʲôʳ
󻢵ֻһɽķܷǳЩҰ޵ķҲǳĵ̣Ұ޶иԵĵ̣Ұ֮໥ɱҰ޺֮Ҳ໥ɱϲµʱɱ͵ҰޣҰҲһںʱ򣬾ͻɱҰޣˡ
󻢵Ļ䣬ʮֻ쵻Ѿ˰֮ڡ
԰쵻ٶȺͶɭֵϤʮֻ쵻İΧ֮£ӳȥܣ
ַ磬ӣǵסЩϻ
ַ粢ûӣҲӲ
˿ַڸоԼһЩ仯
ַоЩϻǳǰĻһ¶ȻһֿʼǿӰһ㣬ͣһ£ͷĲ˼룬ֿʼֿͣʼţѭ
󻢺Ͷ赲Ű쵻׷ǰ쵻ٶ죬󻢺Ͷ߰˼Žһ쵻䵹ڵء
˿ֻ̣쵻󻢺Ͷ˹
˳̵ַ籣м䡣
󻢴ȵ쵻Ǵ󻢶
ǳ£亹ֱ磬ôһַ
š󻢵ͷ֪ô쵻˶Ӳġ
쵻ҪȾ޻սǿ󼸱Ӵ׶ߵ壬һСɽһ㣬Ĺǳǿֻצܽһ˻˺Ƭ
󻢶һֻ쵻ɱ˹ȥ
ֻ쵻ͬʱһ˹һֻ쵻ԱߵĶ
쵻ȻӴ󣬵Ƿǳҵһȥֻ쵻ȴ˶˿ֻһֻ쵻Ƥëһֻ쵻ľצѾ˴󻢵ǰ
ڰ쵻Ҫķ֮ʣַĿȻһݺݵĶֻ쵻
ֻ쵻ʳҪ֮ʱͻȻһεǿ֣ͬʱɾ޴ĲɵֱӴ˷ѹ˹
Ҫֻ쵻ľצ֮ʱͻȻǰ䡱һֻ쵻ͻȻըһƬѪʬ޴棡
Сٻǰ˵ģһ𾳽ϵǿߣҪɱһͨˣһͿɱˣ
ַ緽ڸʱԼĻ涯ͣͣǳ֣ܿС
ͻȻַ翴Ҫ쵻˺֮ʱĿҵֻ쵻ݺݵĶ˹ȥֻ쵻˲䱬һƬѪ
ַҲָԼ֪ô¡
󻢺Ͷסˣеİ쵻Ҳסˡ
Χ󻢺Ͷİ쵻˼İ쵻ϣʣµʮһֻ쵻Ķַˣǰ


384 ɫޱ
󻢺Ͷ֮ܿѹŰ쵻ͻȻ屬ը󻢺Ͷ˻Ѫ౬ѵĳˮȴ֣ߵַȫǳɾûнһѪ
󻢺Ͷȫ䱸Щ־忴ʮ׿ʮһֻ쵻ʮһֻҲ۾ȫǾֺͽ䱸֮ɫĿĶַˣǰ
󻢺ͶŶһ龪ʵ磬ղô£ֻ쵻ôģ
ĨϵѪҲ֪ſֻ쵻ʱǰһǰ쵻ͱըˡ
תͷַ磬ֵܣǲģ
ʱ󻢺Ͷַģ˿̣صˣ˭
ַһ·κΣն̬磬ұ˴峤ǸʮĴϰɽ·治ɫ
ַһǳ
ôɱһֻ쵻أ
쵻սǾ޻ļֹһֻİ쵻Ǵ󻢺ͶҲֻӵķݣ
ڣһֻ쵻Īˣ󻢺Ͷûпַ֣
ַĿƽĵҲ֪ҷſֻ쵻Ҫ˺㣬һ֣Ҫɱֻ쵻Ȼֻ쵻ˣ
󻢺Ͷ񻰹һ
󻢲ĵ˵ɱֻ쵻ǰ쵻ˣ
ַͷˡ
󻢺Ͷַ˵ЦǴ˿̱ʮһֻ쵻Χ˿ûЦ
ɱһֻҿ
ã
ַ罫У֮һǿַĿȻǰһֱ쵻
ֻ쵻ͷŵֻ쵻һȻһһѪ
󻢺Ͷ𾪵ͳϴĿڴַĿ翴һһ㣡
˭һ¾Ϳɱ⣿ʲô
ô
ʣµʮֻ쵻رɱɢ
ӣ
ַͻȻԵĴһһ룬һ׶೤ι״ĺɫѾַС
ַĳһɨѾӳ˶ʮʮֻ쵻ϣ
󻢺ͶܲޱȺѪ׷ɵĻ棬һȥ
ַڵϾʧ롢ޱȵĴ󻢺ͶǰĵҲ֪ҿӣɱǣȻأȻĪĳϣҲ֪ô£Ĳ֪ô£Ҫҡ
󻢺ͶѾ𾪵ľˣַ˵ʲô˸ûȥ
ڹ˼֮󻢺Ͷ𽥵ѹ
𷽲ŵһĻһĻжðһ֣
󻢺ͶæڵأޱȹĲΰݣ񰡣ˡ
񰡣ܵ񰡣ǣǴ֮سȥɡ
񰡣һŰɡ
ܵ񰡣ҲҪһš
񰡣磬ȴһŰɡ

ַ翴󻢺Ͷľٶޱơ
󻢸磬磬ôˣʲô˵ǹڵϸҿͷһûأôżô
󻢺Ͷûͷҿַ磬һδεĴ̼֮лû

ַľ޺֮£ŲΡΡվ˫ȷͷҿַ硣
ǻҵĴ󻢸Ͷôô£Ҳɱ˼ֻϻôô
ʵַҲ֮УԼ޷͵ַҲһĺºͲ⣬ַľӰ쵽ʲôַҲһָоԼһ
󻢸磬˵ô£񣿡
󻢼ĿԼɫ԰ףĵǧǰһܵǣ磬ǳǿ󣬿ԴһУԻһУˣҲûл˭Ҳ֪ȥˣǣ
Ҳֵ㷽ɱ쵻Ӧӵе硭ֵܣһ񣡾ǧǰ뿪񡭡
񣿡ַĴһгۡ
ַƴ룬ʲôҲ벻
ˣ󻢸磬磬Ҳǿ˵ɱ쵻ӵеѡֻһߣǵĿˣǵѣ£ȥ֮ͲҪԴ˵ˣֻҪ˵ͺˣô
ǡ
ףס
ַֺʹ󻢶˽̸һᣬַ˵ºͣ󻢺Ͷźͺ»йĻ
Ȼ˵󻢺Ͷƽˣǽ췢Ѿӡ
ַ֪Լʹ󻢶ĹϵҲǰôˡ
ǿķֱ
ַ粻⣬󻢺Ͷڶַ˵֮ʱѾķǳСޱȹ
иͷһһͿɱˣôһɱǣʬ޴ˡ
ˣЩ쵻Ǵشȥɡ
󻢵硭ֵܣֵֻܿһֻȥɽ·һ϶߲ȥǿԸһЩȥ
磬ҪͷֵϲȥˣһҹסЩ쵻ʬ岻ҪҰ޳Եһȥˣ콫Щ쵻˻ȥ
ַȥɣһ￴ʬǡ
ֵܣдҰ޳ûΣա
ǰֵܣһôġ
ַȥɣôҲˣûҰ˺ҵġסǻȥˣҪ﷢˵ȥֻߴˣͺã
ַû¶ǿʵ֮ǰַûоȨģڣַĻʥּһ㣬󻢺Ͷֻ

󻢺Ͷȥ֮󣬴˿˻Ѫ󾪡
ܿ죬峤ٴ
󻢺Ͷ¸˴ǣֻ˵˺ɱʮֻ쵻ַɱģʲôûж˵
˴󻢺Ͷֳ֮쳣ž
ǿǰ쵻ˣûɱ쵻Ϊ쵻ܿģҰ쵻Ⱥ쵻ĵ̣Ͳȥ
Σַʹ󻢶˾Ȼɱʮֻ쵻
𾪹󣬴峤ͻȻܻĵ󻢶ѵ֪һҹɽжΣôȻǵĿɽϣ˻
˵ȥð쵻ʬ壿㲻ҪǵĿôѵǲ֪Ŀɹô
󻢺Ͷ˵ʲôû˵ַ罻ˣֲֿܽ˵ȥ
ȻַģĽַʵ˵ȥӵƽַᱻ˿Ϊ
˵࣡
ַܾãԼһߣҪ뿪ԼӦôƽ
ڴ峤ʹı֮£ʵĴ󻢺Ͷеȫг
ɶ˵ɶһͿɱ쵻Դҩô
һɱʮֻ쵻ŶʮԶľ룿ϣô
峤ʹǶԴ󻢺ͶġԡǷŭѡ
紾ӣû˻˵ѣǴ󻢺ͶĻûţΪѾȫ˵ⷶΧ
峤ȫе׳ϣȫȫжӪǵĿˣʣµȫؽѣԷҰ޹

󻢺Ͷߺַһֱоеľħӵе
⽣ǴʲôطðأΪʲôΣʱ̣һ룬ͳأ
ˣһôԵ޹ʵԶðأ
㣬ַô벻ͨ
ַӾķ֣ѽû˿
ôûκζģΪʲôѽûУѵѽôڣŵʲô
ֳַ־ħһӣһ𻮹׷ΧڵʮôĿϡ
ֱַһôôǿ
ҵôأΪʲôҺ˲һʮֻ쵻ҿϻ֮ʱһ㶼£Ϊʲôһ֣ͻԳɣһɱʮֻͻأ
ַһֱ룬ԽԽͷʹַǳܣַʲôҲ벻
ҹǳ䣬ӭַȴоһĺ⡣
ַһù֮ϣоеı
ء
ͻȻԶһǺ
ַĿⶢ˺ڰɭַԺһЩĻ棬ҹ޷赲ߣǧ׿ͷǷ׷׳ַԺ
ַ£һɱȻ˾ħȺķ˹ȥ

峤ʮҵַ֮ʱڼʮѵ֮£ǿɽľʬ壡
˿ַûһ˿ѪҲûκ˺ۣôȻվ
˼֮ȫڵء
ַ粻·Ƿˡ
ǣַ˴񣡾ַ粻ϣдôΪ
ǧͷǺʮֻ쵻ˣȻЩǵʬ帯ãΪƻɹ֮Ͳḯá
֮ŵǵȫ˵ļ仹ûлָ
£ַѾӵ񣬶ŵҲŮ
ַŵǷǳ峤Ҳ˾лֻ£Ǳַŵһδξܾ
Ȼ˶ַŵǶһֱ˲ܽ飡ҲףΪʲô
Ȼ˶Ƿ־ӶסྴҲûзԽĹϵ
죬峤óһƿþַȾơ
ʮƣԴʮǰƵĲ֮ǾҲûоƺˣһƿƣһֱ᲻úȣǵλ֮ʱٺȣλȴһδεľܾҸоҵԽԽˣ»˶ʱˣԣƿͣھͺ˰ɡ
峤˼ַŵǶĺףʵҪַŵǿɻ飬ҪһˣȾƻ˵˼Щֻһɶѡ
˸ӣһ˱ǡ
ַ粻ĵþƣ
ߵŵҲûƾ̶񴼣һʹľƽͣȶȷĺþơ
峤۾һЦû뵽ŵС㻹һλƷмңûкֹ˵ôŵǺȣ
һŵǼϵװģʧƵζô
峤ûȻܷ⣬ÿ¾ͻһСڣһЩʧ
峤ŵǿν̸̸֪˺ܾãַȻϲƣǲλһǸƳգ
̸֮ȴ־̳һҿտҲ
ԭַȹˡ
峤УҲûа취
֮峤ᵽ˴֮£ɱίľܾ
峤Ȼȥ
ַоЩΡ
ŵЦƺϼȷаã̰ȵ̫࣬϶ʵ䷴һᣬˡ
ŵǣѵĺܣˣǲǼָһЩˣ
ûС
Ϊλôľ֪ʶ
Ҳ֪ŵ㣬Ҿ֪һЩ
ַʱŵǣЩ㡣
Ǻǣʲôֱ˵ɡ
ַ룬ŵǣȻͶϣͨΪÿҶо㲻Ըҳɻ顣
ַһֱ⣬ʵŵҲһֱʣԼİˣ治֪ôڡ
ַžƾ˳
ŵһ㻹һôܾҲԸҳɻ顣
ǵǲ£
ŵǿ϶ǣһУȴű˴˵֣ʲôѵǸ粻ɣǺǡ
ҿ϶磬ĲͬѪҺɻ飬ʱ򣬺Ǳʶڸңܺɻ飬Ҳ֪ô£ŵǣ㲻Ұɡ
ᣬôأǻָ䣬ǳɻҲٰ
ַ緢ͷԽԽΣƵζַ
ַ֪תĻӾͽƾƳˡ
Ȼζ̫ˣԺȲǺεʹ̳࣡á
ַͷԽԽΣַȾƵԽԽǿҡ
ˣȶˣҷȥϢɡ
ҲϢһȡҪȡ
ַȾƵԽԽǿңһ޷ƵĵزȻһĵͻȻٸССƿƿ޹޺;̳
ươ
ŵҲһ㶣ô£ôôණ
ַ統Ȼ֪Լʱ֮ǬǬƿƿ޹޶ˡ
ȻװĶȪˮЩַ籸˺Լõġ
ַ˵ϵƿƿ޹ޣ֮󣬶ֲǾƣ߰Ķһߣ
˶Ȫˮôַ綪
ˣˣ⼸̳Ǿƣ
ַ̳װȫǾƣ
ַ統һѹεľƣǾƣ˴
ַ統ʱѹƣ˵ģô벻Լˡ
ŵǣҺȡ
ŵһϲϵơ
ôоȡ
ǰƾҼǵǧģΪʲôôȰ
˶˼֮ͻȻоȲѡ
˶ʼĳȥϵ·ȲԷȥ
Ťһϵȥ
ҹǵ㡣
ҹɫޱߡ


385 ַĻ
ԴһҹַŵǶͬ˴峤Ҫ˳ɻ顣
峤ΪѡһƵգټȫ˵Ļ¡
ַŵǴ֮գȫ延졣
ⳡǳļ򵥣ڴӵһԺһЩΪϯ϶ʵľ޻֮⣬Ҳǰַɽɱ
Ժܰ˸ɫʻ˱ǵֻʵ衣
峤ֻ񣬽峤صشһոµĳۣ׵ͷͺ޼룬ɾ䣬ϵЦݽļһ
֣֮ٶѾ룬Χϯ϶ſĵЦݣȴɺĳ֡
ڴ峤İ£ŵַĸ첲źɫƤ̺Ĵ˳
ɺԴһƤۣüĿ㣬ݰ״죬вׯϹǳǳЦݡ
죬̴Ѻޣѩ΢죬ü£Ŀˮɵĸ첲Ŀ֮Ҹ
һһ̤ǰһһ֮ɢ֮ϢϢ˵Ȼ
ȫŵĿ⿴һɾһķޣ۾ҪɳۿЩǿŮһŵǣ֮Ծĭ
죬ַ֮ŮŵǵĴ֮գӽ쿪ʼ延ҹ
á
á
Ǹǣѣк֮һƬ
Ұҿ˶ˣʱѵʽʼ
峤·ׯµı飬µĴҲ
峤̨һ㣬˵ţǰ໥εҪ˫һһమҪһһ໥ַŮŵǽׯԷİεĳŵ
峤ַŵǣǽԸ
ַ磬ǷԸȢŵΪӣǷԸ˳澳ԣƶ򼲲ֻǳ㶼ޱذҳֱԶ
ַش֮ǰͣһ£Ը⡣
ŵǣǷԸ޸ַΪӣǷԸ˳澳ԣƶ򼲲ֻǳ㶼ޱذҳֱԶ
ŵһҸԸ⡣
֮޽ŵǽһʻַַ罫һɫָŵϡ
һҸӵ
棬ɴףһˣ
Ƕÿһ˶ǰַŵףһЩ򵥵С
Ȼ򵥣ҲԵׯ¡
ɻ֮󣬴һ֣һЩСĿȻҪλ˳󣬶ŴһЦ
ҹ
屾˿٣ÿʮžһλÿ˽飬ǶҪףҹȻʽǳǴҶԵ֣ÿֳһƬ֡
ַŵ˶̫ϲ׽ŪȣǿĴǣҲֻǵġΪѡһЩСĿ

ַŵƽСһַԣŵڼһЩ֯Ů
ַŵǵݣ峤ǲκιģַ粢û߸ϵȨǺһͬĹ
ôǶַӵ𾴡
ɻַ֮ŵǹ»ƽһ
ʱƣַѾʼֵһƽַŵǶãӦôطȥȥ翴
ַ׼ʱ򣬷ǰѺɫˣַǵ֮󣬱뽫ǽϣ׶࣬ȷ仹ߣԾֶ˺Ժˣҹջ·ʰţûԼ
ȴҲˡ
ַ粻֪ħױȵķʱַһֱӲĵصףѾڵص֮µҲ֮ˡ
ַ缸ǰȥɽҳڣǧ﷽Բɽת˸飬ûҵκγ·
ɽƯ޾ĿУɽ˷ɲ£·ȥ
ַ粻֪ԼڿзУκιڶ벻
ûа취֮£ַҲֻ
¹ŵУַ֪ԼҪְˣǳġ
ЩҲŶÿ춼ŵһЩ̲Ķַ֪Щ˶ԼŮ⣡
һ죬ŵͻȻԼҲкַһ
ַȥԣչŵ֮ʱŵ󻢲СĴ򷭡
ŵͻȻżʶͻȻ֣ʮ׵ľ˲ӱŵȵĽС
𾪵ǣѾڿУҪ䵽һȫص֮У
ʱ󻢾Ļ겻壬ŵȴһ㶼о֣ƺӦһ
ַŵǽ̸˶֪ˣǲͨˣ
ǵô£ȴֲס
һһȥַŵǹƽ
ܿ죬һѹŵǵĺӲûгҲƽƽҲ
ŵǻ֮󣬴ΨһҽʦͷŵϲŵǵĶȴ
ڣһѾˣʮ»̥˵ŵ͸ˣǺڵȷŵǵĶ֮УȴûһҪӵļ
ĹǵȰΰжǳżһˣʲôûš
ҽʦҲԣǳ϶ϲԻˣ
¿ʼʱ˶ǳעʱƣĹǿŵǵĶӻǴǳʧ
ƽɼ
ַҲǳ㣬ÿҹ˾ʱַ綼ĴԶһհףоԼʧȥĲֹǼ䣬кܶܶҪ顣
ַŵǾַͨȥָ䣬ִ̼ҩŵȵȡ
ۺŵôȥŬ˵ļ䶼޷ָ
ʱѹŵǵĶӻûд
ҹһַŵǳ궫֮˵һЩϸϨƾޡ
ͻȻַĴ֮ðһЩ̵ģˣ
˭
ַһߵŵҲ
ôˣϹ
ţҲ֪ô£һûˡ
Ϲج˰ɡ
ɡ
˯ɣǺñӡ
鿴ַߵŵǣַϹֱ𾪵ĿҪˡ
ַ硭ꡭ
ַ硭ţôŵǸһˣ
ߵŮô࣬һãƫƫøŵǣ
ż񰡣Ҽ˯ɡ
ҲҪˡ
ַ˯£ֱĺˡ
ʲôˣҪװŪ
ʲô
ַ磬û°ɣ㲻֪˭ˣ
ַô֪˭ʶңأ
һºͿˣ˵ôҳɢô㲻ҪСУʶ˵
ַʧˣʲô벻֪˭Ļ
ŵüͷϹûˡ
ַûǸ˵ôһֱ˵ôе
ŵЩţϹʲôûϹ㵽ôˣ
ŵЩ¡
ַҲǾʧ룬⵽ô£
ַ磬˵ô㾹Ȼ˵ҸղǸոЩѣ
ԽԽ̵ģˣ
ͻȻַ緽˵Լʧ䣿
ʧ䣿
ʲô
ͻȻµһĻ
⻹򵥣ָ䡣
ʧ䣬Ҳ֮ܵˣֻͣҪ޸ãͻָ
ԽΪַָСһ׮
ַͻȻоһϢĵӰһӿַĴ֮ڡ
ӹ󣬽ˣϡ
ַָ֮󣬿Աߵŵ֮ɫɷףͷð˶亹
ŵæַ֣Ϲôˣ
ַ˦ŵǵ֣żƤ
ַ緢˴˿̶û·ͬ
ô
Ϊʲô
ôȢһţҲһĵˣ۵Ĵˣ
ôˣϹ
ŵһĵĿַ磬ô㲻ףΪʲôϹҪ˦Լ֣ŵһĨĿ⾹Ȼǡɱģ
ǵģŵҲ֪ô£ͻȻðһоַ綯ɱģַ綯ɱĵһ̣ԼųԷĸоȻҲĶɱģ
ŵҲһǶޣϹţô
ַѹסԼҪߵĵŵǣһ˳ȥ˯ɡ
ַıӰŵЩԻΪʲô֣ţΪʲôҶɱģ
ѵѾָˣ
ѵ
ŵȻʧ䣬Ƿǳ׽һϸڣ뵽ܶࡣ
ŵҡͷЦ£Ƕķޣǲܡ
ܡ
Բܣ
Ҷˡ

ַһɽУ緢һ㡣
ַһֱŮݼȴͱŮ˽飬һ˺ӣԼԺݼ
ŵǻָ˼䣬ȥԣ
ˣַ磬˵һŮôôɱǣ
ַŭƨ꣡ҵĺӣôɱɱ磡
ô죿ŵûлָ䣬ָ䣬϶ƴɱõѡ񣡡
ַ侲飬ŵǵļ仹ûлָȻѾˣҾҪȥܣȥеΪҵһˣѵɱԼӺͶô
һζҸĻַԺ֮л
£һĻЦۡ
˽ˣྴĭûΪκ
ŵһֱһӵΣַʳסжչ˵ķǳãÿϣ˶ƽһࡣ
Ҹʧַ֮ŵò
Ҹȴʵƣ顭
ַ粻òϣԼһֱʧ䣬˶ָ䣬ôһһֱƽ
ƽƽҸγǺܶ׷ģ
ַȴӵҸҸֻữΪ䡭
ַ米̫ˣ
ַ粻ΪԼһ˽һӣ
ҪôȥܣΪŵǻָ˼֮ô˵Ҫŵǻ㸺ôŵǺһˣΪ֪֮ôǻл·ô
֪۵Ψһ˾һۣô֪ʲôһħһһ𡭡
ŵѪΪѪۻǧѪ۰Լл͸ŵǣŵϵ۵ӡǣɱŵǷǳѣڳŵʧ䣬ɱŵΨһĻᣬᣬŵǼָĻʱڣ
ַĮȻҲɱǷ޶ôȥɱ飬㲻Ҫ˵ˡ
ˣСٻأ
̾һСٻڳ˯Ҳ֪ʲôʱѡ
ַʱԼµһ̡
ڳΟһַ֮屬ըһƬѪ
Сٻȫػַ꣬ʮתȫһҲزס
ַҪ֮ʱԼȫʶħħֵסַ꣬һͻ

Сٻܵ˽ľٶ֮ҲǺŽһ


386 
ڽСٻҪɢ֮ʱַǳ֮ͻȻʱ֣ǹ޵ıԴػסַꡣ
Οһ֮󣬽Сٻܵش׷׳˯ǳ֮Ҳɢ
ַ統ʱȪˮڼڻָ壬ַ緢ֱڤħֻһ㡣
ոջָǳַҪʹ֮е֮ʱȴԼΪ˵סΟһ֮ڵĴʣ޼
ַ룬ַûġ
ַ籯ķ֣һޱӴԼ͵ֵס
ַ޷ƽ⣬Ѹ׹
ַףµ壡ڴˣҲס·
ܿ죬ַѾ˿ֲԴ֮·Ȼ޾ʱշ籩
ʱշ籩ĳǿѹһƽ棬ѹγһ޴ļתУ
бƺҪĨɱ
ַĵͻȻһƬոպò׻޷Σ
ַұֻ֤ҪԼȥԻʬ޴棡
ʱСٻѾش˯ǳ֮ҲʧôԼʲôס޾ķ籩
ַûѡֻܱĿ
ַҪʱշ籩֮ʱַͻȻ֮ͻȻնâ
֮һĸӵ·ͻȻɢһĿֲַ籣
󣬰ַĿֱֲӽ޾ʱշ籩ҳһȱڣַ˳Ĵһƽʱշ籩һ̶شʧ䡭
ʧ䣬ַڵѾȫָ
ַŵһУĿ¡

֮һȵĺַǰ
ַ֮֮İɫ·۾ȥʶӦ
飬֮ϵ·һ̽âңúоһ¡
Щɫ·۸ӣݺύÿÿչַʶ
ס
ַͻȻ֣ʶȸԾţһֱֻ߱໥ƵһĴС
ǰַҲκͽо֮ϵַͽ鶼Ϊһصͼĳֵͼ֮ĶʱЩǾֹġ
ڣַͽ鶼о֮ϵȻˣ
ʼʱַЩǺĿĺҴߣַͽоЩԼת·ߣǳһ㶼Լĺ·ߡ
֮֮дţÿһײӹһ
ʼʱַͽ鶼Щң˵оÿһԼյ㣬յֳ֮
ÿԼ·γһѭ
˽⵽Щصַ֮ͽôоҲоʲô
϶һֵͼԣֻǵͼһǣЩ·ĳһطͼڲҲƶϲʲôطҸо·ѭɵĻǳϤҺһʱ֮Ҳ벻
ַͷŲϵĽ֮Ѿʵʻ·Ҳܾ̺֮֮ĳǿܣǺͷϵĽһǻҵܵġ

ڶϣַŻȥ
ַŵ֮ʱ֪ôȥԣŵǶַһûлȥҲûжʡ
ȥ֮󣬺ŵǳַͣ羡ԼŵǷʲô쳣
ǰƽŵǣַĲ֪ô졣
ַɱŵǣַô֣
ַŵǵţҵļָһЩҷԼӵзǳǿȥ濴ҵĳ·Ͼˣʺǡ
šŵ΢ЦţСĵ㣬һϣϴγȥȥ˺ü죬ⶼζԵġ

ַٴνɽʶɽʲôûз֡
ɽıԵ֮󣬽޾գͻȻ⡭һ򣡡
ַҲһŶ
㿴ûɽֻǧ﷽Բܶ޾֮գһƬ磡϶һ򣡡
˵ڱһôǸΪʲôһֱ
鼱æģȻһ򣬵Ѿˡ֮Ҳʧ
ٷ֮ʮϵĿռ䶼ˣֻɽҲ֪ô¡
ֻ˵û
ʱСٻַʶ
ַһϲ
ַʵСٻȫָˣ
ţѾָˣСŰæҪһҪ˯ʮꡣ
СٻΟߵһЩ¡
ڵǬչ״̬֮ʱĹɵĵֵڣһʮתĹסһɢ
ֻƽȮ֮С
Сٻ㷽˵Ǹûʲô˼
Сٻ˵ĻǵԻ飡ȥ֧֣Ȼֻǲģ֮һжҪȥֵ֧ġ֮ھͻʧȥƽ⣬ͻʧһоͻңӶ
Ȼٷ֮ʮϵĵطȴȻãֻڹ֧תţֻûȥѣԣû
鲻ĵ˵ûҵʶѾռѰ˼ǧˣʲôûз֣ǸûĻͳˡ
ԡ
ͻȻҸܵһЩ쳣ھħϣ
ˣħأ
ħַڲ𣬾ħԼںԺʧˡ
ַʶһһ̣ħӵص׳ѾС
ַĿӾħ֮ɨ־ħıĳ
ŭƾħΣ

ǿʶֱӳַеľħ֮ϣַеľħһĶһõӾħ֮Ư˿С
еһ̳һ󲻹ı仯󻯳һõӰ
ַ缱æʽ飬ʲô
һ˿ҲǷѵһ꣬϶ռˣһﾹȻƾħ
ַŭӰ˭ΪҪҵ
һϵ˹ֻȡϵѣ˵ҿɿƲˡǴˣ
ַûǴģظ¾˰ɣ
ҿΪҲʥң֪Ĳ١еûпĻӦħľħ㣬ǺǡӦþһħɣ
ַһҲǺµʲôˣΪλᱻ
ңǺǡȻܻһ˿꣬ҲԵˣ֪˭ôҸǡ
ұһһ߽飬ǧǰħս֮ʱռˣһԿħһ֮Уҽɱħõһֹһֹǳ£Һ֮һ֮󣬾Ȼִ˹֮
ĹνˮһսԽɱʱ룬ħս֮ƾŴ˹ȡúʮһߵλǣû뵽ǣ֪ºɳץңҪһ
Ҫּ⣬ҲΥЩץҵ龹ȻɱңǣҴŭ֮½һһɱ
ַһ㶣һ
⹦ȷħĹҲнַ̹磬ַˣ
ôǰ飬ǧǰ飡
Ҳ֪⡶һħ͸ۺϵ۵ĹħҪռ䣬ԭۡϵۺʮıҪ͸ۺϵ۵ġһȴˣ۴׷ɱҡ
֪֮һŭ֮»ˡһ֮ھĸ۴ݻ٣Һƺ۴׷ɱ֮һ·۴ʦͽ˶£ʱ֮أʦͽ׼۴һս󡭡ͽƺȴңɱΪ˻ѡһķϵ۴
ͽô벻ҽ̸ǵһֻ㣡ϵ۵õҲûжô
һ̣սһ˿Ѿǧٿ׵˻¡ʱսΨһ·ֻ·֮µʱշ籩Ϊˣû뵽һϷս֮ȫ˹֮ӲĴƿʱշ籩
Ȼƿʱշ籩ʱշ籩ҵݻ٣ֻʣСɽǣҾʣ½еһ˿άռ䣬һЩΪֻĴڣҲܻȥûһжһƬš
ҵʱֻܴһЩͨÿƬ΢һͻᱻһһգ֮Ҿͻ˯ԱԼּ֮յֳ֮˯һֱǧꡣ
ǧڣܶΣҲȥǸ첻ʱշ籩ܵһƬ磬ûг·ǣֻȣȴųʱշ籩ˡ
ǧˣڵȵ㡣⼸ʮһֱڳ˯ǰһ죬ҵ걻һǿѣҸܵɽзǳԣǣҵǱ˵صףڵصҲ㷢һҲľħ
֪ˣҳȥǣǵʱҵһ˿Ѿǳֻǳ״̬˶ʧ䣬ܲҵĴڣֻȥҲ֮Уھħ֮Уվħ
꣬ѾԻΪӰڸղţұ㻽ѡ
ַû뵽黹¡
Ҳ֪ˣȻһ۾ϳһħӦھǳ¸֪䡣
ӰҵֲҲգھ磬飬ۡϵۺʮ֮⣬鶼ǸƣֻҪ䣬ܿͻʷĳ֮С
ַЦðɣȻ㲻Ҳգδȥ˵㲻֪
ȥķǳ򵥣Ҳֻһ취Ǿǳȥ
ַ粻⣬Ȼа취ȥһǧˣΪβȥ
ӰЦ˵ҿǳȥԼǳȥģǳȥҲһۣǾһ˿飡ֻаٷ֮ʮĳɹʣ
ԭˡ
ԣǧȣȴ˽ȴԵˣҲȵˣǺǡҲû뵽ҵȵһħ⣬


387 Ұ㱨
ַȴǧ꣬޷ȥ㱨ɣ
ӰıЩߺޣû۰ӣ꣬ҵŮһ㣬꣬Ǻǡ˵һжҸģǾȻ񶾵ķʽң˳һҪ
ꣿҪѣͱˣΪҪѡһأп϶飡
ַǳɴ࣬ðɣҳȥһ㱨ҪԿ磬ɱ͵졭
Ҳ㣬Ҳκˣ
ԼĵӶԳԼϻ˭ֵȥţ
ŶôŻңңûѡɣǺǡ
ӰҪ㲢ѣһǸʧŮˣҼӦ۵ĴŵǣȥɱУȥǰģȻˣȻȥ
Ӱɱŵǣһַ粻ڵʱ򣬻ӰǱŵߣ׼֣ǿŵǲϹŵл
Ӱл֣֮ŵû˿ͷ£ɱŵǻкܴܣлĻЩԼ˲ͻɢ
ԣӰֻܰ֡
ַ絭ĵ˼˵ҶȻ˵ҺŵǵˣѾҵţɱԼţ⻹ôУģвôƽľвң
Ӱַ緽ŵĻѡô㲻һȥô㰴˵ҽһ̸㣬ٽ͸㣬ںϳΪ磬ʱͻھ޵У
ַЦһϵĹؼΪ⹦ջô㲻ҪǣҿһħĳɳһħȫұͿݺ磬Ҫǹƨ򣬶ƳˣҪ
ַ粻мһѾ̸ַˡ
Ȥַ绹Ҫģװۡ
ӰˣڵΪûеľ磬֪һǿ⹦ħ߹ۺϵ۶䱦룬ǿ죡
ַҡͷûõģҡҺŵǳȥҰ㱨𣡾㲻ҵĻνȻܴʱշ籩еȻܳ϶а취ȥֻڻûҵѡҵļָͻҵʱԼҲȥ㿴Űɡ
Ӱһ¼ˣλᣬ֪ҪȶãԼһ˿ԽԽռѾ쵽˱Ե
ַҿҲܻٶˣһߣΪôʱҿĴûлᱨˡ
˵Ҳһܰ㱨飬Ǹ߽飬һɱôΨһѡ񣡡
Ӱŭ㲻Ҫ⣬ƼңҾɱʱռ˶
ַ޿֣㶼ȴǧˣĻˣôĻھɣνռˣΪɱôҪǣҿħ
ռַᱻռѹƬȻַŻӰ
ӰҲףַǳӲԽвԽá
ðɣŵǲɱҲԣûжϵֻҪɱƺͺãԣҪ󲻹ְɣҾȥ㲻ңʱѾˣǲǰô
ַЦãû⡣ûͽ꣬˱׷ɱ˼£뱳ĻΪʲôҪȵһ̣ȻҶԵʱ¾Ҳ̫жϣͽʱʦͽ·ߣȻ˶Ҫ踺أ͵ȥ֮һ㱨أ
Ӱԣɫ飬𵱳Σ齫ʦͽϿա
׼һսͽ׷׸ʦֻҪǻųȥһɱ㱨
֮ͽͻȻ׵ĳ֣ߵˣ֮Чۡ
ӰЦܣѾЧۣǵԷǳ񶾣ȷʵѾҡ
ӰţͻȻ֮䲻ȥȷˣͽԼ縸ӣˣθԼͽΪԼҪΪʲôʱ̳Լأ
ַҲֻǲ²⣬Ϊ˻㣬ҲпǻΪ˸㱨𣡵ʱǲܻôǷĲԸϵۣǿķʽȥҷɱǣûϵҷľǣɱڣ
ַ˵žҪġ
ȵȡ
ôˣ
Ӱǣǧһֱĳ֮УҲΪֳ޲ȥνԹ壬ôһ˵Ҳ׺ܶ࣬Ͱҵô˵ͽˡ
ַ絭Цˣ
šӰҪƭҵĻûҪ˵ô࣬ģɱ飬ɱˣܻƭһһħɳĪ˵Ҫɱ飬ǧҲȥ׾١ߣȥɱŵǣȴɱԶ׼һ֮ˣûбҪȥƭҡ
ַЦڲ÷ˣ
ãڽһڸ㡭
˿̣ӰѾַȫΣ
ַЦһǲҪˣҿɲ뵽ʱ׷ɱ
Ӱ˰죬ַ绹Ǿܾ
У㻹Ҹ
ðɣȻ㲻ҪҲǿʱҶռĳ㰮ҽռ͸㣡֮Ҿʹȥ
ַȻҪͣôͣ
ӰһϿϵռսָǣȵ磬ֱӽͺãҪССԺտʼ֮ʱзǳİ
ַ缱æ˵Ŀռװһռָ
ǡӰǳ϶ĵȻͨĿռָרװء򡯵Ŀռ䴢Ʒ
ʱ͵ַ簡þͨûҾͿ򵽣ֻҪǮʲôû򵽣ЩԺ˽ɡ
ַʽ飬ͨûʲô
֮
ַ֪һˣֲۻὫؼҪһɱ֮ʱ򡭡
ַűһһ㡭
ַʻӰռװָأ᲻
ᡭԻһ֧ռĹͻı䣬еﶼȥȻԺռˣԴһЩ
ַ缱æҲûʲô취е˲
Ѿ࣬˺ַ綼кĸ飬ַ粻뿴ЩһӾͱĨɱ
ַҲӦǣһǳȥ
ȻӦˣҪ
ӰڵΪĻȫռ䣬ЩһжᱣԭڵΪ޷ûа취
Ҳûİ취˵Ĵȫͳȥ
ûУŵǳȥҪŵǵл
ַ룬£ٶһ취ȥѣȳȥ֮취㣬ˡ
Ӱһ㶣Ǻǣû뵽һħˡ
Ƕַķ̣ͬʱҲ϶ԸˣӦԼ¾Կ԰쵽
ʱַ磬ٴģʲôϵʲôʱôˣ
СٻҲǰҼǵ½һս֮ǰе˶ɱˣǹΪʱɱ˳˼ʮ򣬶һЩͨˣֻٶˣ㲻ˣ
ַСٻͽʲô½磬ɱЩˣҶʶûʲôϵɱ˾ɱˣһ㶼ʹǲΪ½ǴɱħˣҸûУ
Сٻһƣ˵ȷΪַ½ʱǴδɱѾħһôûأ
ѵľѾﵽһ˺һľ磿
ַˣÿһ˶ҶһôǵΪҵԭˣḷ́ˣһħ飬СٻҪȰˣ
ַܶʱ򶼷ǳִţԼ϶һҪ
Сٻʱżַ磬㲻ĻɽᵽҵǬˣʱе˶ͳҵˣԺҪҲҪȥˡ
Ŀԣ
СٻȻԣܴ֮øΟߵֱӽǬǧٱװһСɽûġȻҴѲȫǿСŰæ
ַӣǬȷǧٱǬ֮УռȪˮϢ
ãһȫĺð취
ַԼͼ˵˻Ӱ
ӰЩȣǬʮ֮һǬòˣܽҴγһ¡
ǬûнǰַԱѹȥ֮⣬ǲװκν䣬ռǧٱȪˮѾռ䣬塣
ȥֻаٷ֮ʮĳɹʡַ磬ȥŵǵлл۷ӡǽл԰ٷְ˳ĳȥ
ַӰһʮʱѾص塣
ַ罫ŵǲϹŵлŵûΪʲôͽַ硣
õлַٴɽ
ӰڴǬռ͵ǬһԼȥסֻһλᣡ
ַ
СٻǬڴ򿪣ǻӰϱһɹǿ֮ӲĽĳϵϣַ翴ǰĻȻһ䣬Լһ뻹ɽ˿ȴһƬĻ֮С
¡
ɽһ㣬ֱǬСٻɽĹϵԼʶӹ죬ڿռ佫Ҫ֮ʱеһжѹ
Ϊ龪һÿ˶ֿɢһޱϢ
ÿ˶оܣϢȻȪˮϢĸɽʡ

һƬ֮УӰ˵ʲôʲôҲû˵֪ԼҪˣýַҲѾȫˣ˵ʲôҲûʲôˡ
Ӱһ˿˿עл֮ڣһлâлĿַȥ
ţַ翴лڻӰ֮¾Ȼٵڻʵ𽥱ʵʻַ
ܿ죬ַоԼһʵĿռ֮ڣѾȫҲʶܲĻ硣
Ӱڻл֮Լһ˿תűַϿ޾ʱշ籩֮оȥ
漴ӰٵɢֱһƬޡ
䣡
䣡
ַһ˹ȥ


388 㻹ô
ɽ̡
ɽ֮ʬҰѪ죡ܵʬ塣
ࡢ޺޵ʬһ飬ĹĴǣѾֲ໹޵ġ
ɫɽѾȾѪɫ
رѪڸǣɢ뵵Ѫ⡣
˿̣ɽۣ֮ǿ߽һһŮΧ
ѾˣŮ֮һƬѪ죬Ŀ񶾵ĴӶǿߵɨû뵽ɻ϶Ը壡Ҹû뵽ʥغһģ
˿СѩСèɵΧѾˣ޴ӡ
ЦСѩС㣬ǵ˶׷ˣÿ㶼ѣʵǲɱ㣬ҪȻǧˡʶĻͽʯǱ֤㲻
СѩЦ֮һҲҲɣҽǾԻɱڣΪСô
ɷװСѩС㣬㲻ҪƲԳԷƣѾϣ㷴ûõģΪ˲ʯͷ룬ͽʬΣ
ðҪɱҪϤ㣡
һ̰ƮСѩС㣬ʥѾŵֻҪ㽻ʯ㲻Ȼʥ˽һԣΪִԲ򣡡
Сѩŭʥ֪ôץôǱ޳ܵʥ͵Ϯʥصְػ½ĺƽ޳ܵʥȻǼ޳֮ͽԸ壡˵ƨһڡ
ɫǳѿ
ظҵСѩС㣬һգ͹˳Ļ⵽һ;ôǧǰ˳ħǧǻִԲԿ飡ѵ㻹ûпԿ³ôֻҪ㽻ҪĶǾԻŹ㣡һٴסԼĺ·ֻ·һ
СѩЦִԲһٴ˵Լɣػ࣬ػ԰ʲôЩ߹Ϊ̰ͼȨƵλһֱ࣡ԭأʱ߹ֻ·һ
㡭ظԶԣɫࡣ
ˮĵСѩС㣬Ѿʥ˿ƣ֮ͻᱻƣӴ˾ͻ»عĻʱǾһˣڽʯʥŮαôִأ
һˣСѩЦɺʥɱǧˣ̳㿴ܣ˵ʬ壡Ǻ˼˵һˣҸǣֻҪҷǵڣ
һȰȰûκá
ЦСѩС㣬һλᣬʯŮҲû˺ˣ
СѩЦðɱΪɣҲύʯڷ뿪˭Ҷ֣ҾͽŮ派Ѫ˭Ҳòʯ
䡭
¡¡
Ҫ֮ʣ֮ͻȻһ˸һ޴ʾʯӸ߿ճ棬ص˵ǰҳʮɵӣ
һ㵡
ʲô
֪ҸоӴ
ɵ֪ιʣЩȡ
СѩеŮ派ѪͻȻһ󲨶ԱߵԼʾʯҲһѪĸо
СѩСèʱϲַˣ
ΧӱϣϢʾʯ֡
˾û˿ʣôܣ
⵽ǺεʯΪ˾޴󣿡
Ҹоʾʯ֮
ǽʾʯƿΣ
ȱ֣ʯͷˡ
˿̣˸ܵʯͷڻһڿ۳һεģ
䣡
ʾʯͻȻѣһɫӰѵʯһʵʵһص֮
һл
ɫӰһץлԾСѩߡ
硭Сѩһ˷ܣǧַ˵ڲʱ
ְ֡㡭
Сèĺһְ֣ʪͷַϾȥ
ֱַӱСèĿˮϴһ衭
ַ翴زʬд󾪣ռȳϢ˺Щѡ
Сѩ⵽ô£
Сѩ쳣ʹĵ磬ǵѾˣȥġˡ
Сѩʱ棬˫֮ȫɱ
ַŭ죡Լһ˵ꡭ
ѺͰƮַ磬ͬʱַ磿
ַȣô¹񣡡
ƮЦðƻͲ۴ˣ۴ŵǴˣȻƭңǽúһ㣡
ˣĶ˭
ƮһôʱֻΪҽӽ죡˵ľҵģţ
仰ַ˵ˣô޳ܵˣ
ð۴˾˭Ȳ㣡
ַƲͣŶôҲ۴ˣʲô
ַ罫лǰ
ظҵеȷл㲻۴ˣŵǴǰʧһֱ䲻ǲйأ
ŵʧٲʧ٣ʲôϵҲ̫ܵ˰ɣ
ظҵǰǺûйϵѾʥΪŵǴ£˵ûйϵַ磬˵ǲɱŵǴˣȡŵǴ˵л
ɺʥϣΪŵ£⵽ʲô
ظҸ˵϶Ѿʲôˣô׷ʲô
ַЦɱŵôûлУ
ַ绹ûзַ粻ܵסԼ
ʱַ磬߽Ҷ͸ǣ
ʲôǰǼƮôǲʥôܳɳôô
Ҳ֪ʲôΪ֪ܡ
ַĻ䣬˶Ϊַɱŵǣŭ
ȻɱŵǴˣôȥɣ
ϵӿַ֣󾪣罣˵һ㣬ڵΪ񣡸߽
һ˾Ϳһѽַ
һ룬ַϳһˡ
˿֮ɫ䣬æ˻
ⲻŵǴô
ַ磬ԭŵǴʧٹйأ
ַݺݵĵǰһҾɱŵǡ
ַ磬ô󵨣ŵǴˣ
ҷҾͷôɵô
ŵһãתͷַ磬Ϲôˣ
ŵǵ仰˶
ŵǽַϹ
˽Ρ
Сѩ΢ŭ磬ô£ôϹǵĵˣĵˣݵĵˣ۵Ĵˣĸ׾
СѩɱģĿĶŵǣ޲ýǰŮʬΣ
ŵܵСѩϢ֮ҲȻķСѩϢ
Ϲǲǻָˣ
ŵǵɫǳأ˵ǲǵˣλС˵ģݵĵˣ
ַ粻֪ȥŵǣͷ
֪˴𰸣ŵһᣬЩʣЮңΪô
ַٴεͷ
᲻ɱң
ŵǵĿĶַĿ⣬ַĿ˸һֱڻرܡ
ŵ滨¶ףַǳ϶ĵҲɱ㣬Զᣡ
Сѩŭַ磬㲻ᣬһᣡ㲻ɱһɱ
ַ籧ǸĿСѩһۣСѩɫ
ŵĵһָô֪Ǹ
ַŵǣڲУǰȫˣһָ䡣
ŵǻָ˼䣬ַ֪ôȥˡ
ŵǣҲ˵Ķ֣ߣ
ŵǶɵǰʧ
ַ磬˺ŵǴˣʥһŹ㣡
ַ磬ʥ˵ŭɡ
໥Ӽۣ׷ȥ
ŵǴʧ䣬ַţֱַЮ֣£Ҳˣʥʥϡ
ַЮŵݵķȥַһ·ߣˣַûЩˣֻҪ˱ݣȻŵǡ
ַ֮罫лŵǣŵǣллңˣ˻ָġ
ŵһƽȻʧ䣬ǴַѾһС
ȵȣַ硭ֻһ⡣
ַתͷʰɣԺ˾ǲݵУҴӦɱ㣬δزɱҡʲôʵھʣԺ󣬿ûлˡ
ַĺʹ
ŵǱŮˣǵˣ۴ݣַҲһŵǣڣԼŵǣߵ˻ôŵǻԼô
ûаң
ַסˡ
˵ûаң
ŵǲơ
Ұ㡣ʧ֮꣬ÿÿÿ붼ǰġ
أ㻹ôŵǵЩɳơ
ַʹıϵ˫ۣԼ᲻ۿ
Բ𡭡ڲܰ㡭Ժ󡭡Զܰ㡭
ãܺãŵᣬ֮ȫɱ
㣬ǵĺô죿
Сѩԣŭַ磬Ѿ˺ӣ
ַĶСѩûء
Сѩҧгݡ
ŵǺЩƲסԼ㣬ǵĺô죡
ַ治֪ôȥش
߲Ҫ⺢ˣ
ã㲻شǰɣܺã
ŵͻȻһЦַ磡Ȼ㲻Ҫң׹ⶼҪһڵģҷģ
ŵ˵꣬зȥգ֮ͲӰ
ַ翴ŵǷУһȻãղѾָˣ
ͻȻַһ£ŵʻŵǼָ֮ʵģ
ʣŵǿ϶ǰԼģҪȻָ֮󣬾ͲЩ
ַԼƣ
ַش𻹰ŵǵĻŵǿ϶վԼߣ
ַʶһѰŵǵλãȴûзŵǵټ
ҪˣлԼټĻ˭ҲҲ
Сٻַ磬ڽѾûˣѾ׿ڶ˵ˣκνˣ
һߵСѩҲǳìܣĳŵַġ
ַתͷСѩСѩǲˣ
Сѩ֪ôشûдڴʱ˴ˡ
ʱ˴ˣַЦ˰ɡ
ַԸһˮһͿ

ַ籣Сѩɷ֮˱ݵĵ̡
Сѩ꣬嵽׷ʲô£Ϊһֱϵ㡣
СѩʮǰǷֱ֮һص壬ԭһûڳ˯ǧǰ֪ǧ֮Ĵ٣ۺϵǧǰıѾõļƻһƣ
ǣһֱֹۺϵ۵ļƻΪ壬ԡҲѣѡһֱӵİ취ȥһ񣡡
һĴҪ޲ſԣļƻһΪŮ洵ͲʯҵʲʣȴҲµѡ
ȥ½֮ʱǾȳϣ֮ڵĳϣû뵽㣬֮ȳצ
ҺСèС˻صħô½֮󣬱ٻȥСһĴʸΪСһӡǣӡ㵱СġӡǣõȫĴУ


389 ع
Сѩʮʱ䣬ҺС塢СèһֱӡĽһΪ˸ʣİ֮£Ҳ׷ͻ񾳽磡طӡһжϾϵһֱϵǡ
һ٣޷壬һֻѡ񴫳Уеֻһӡ죡
֮ڵȵһһ죬ǡԸΥ
ʵʥʥǣǣ
˵Сѩҧгݣߺ޲ѡ
ʥصʥԭǿռ֮ĵӣҲһĺѣ˵ĹϵǳãѾ꣡񴫳УҪھܽУռдУƻռĹռǣطʥصʥΪǻͬʱڸε࣬ŵǲҪ֪ĴС
ŵ֪֮һǰң롣
񴫳зǳĳɹʥصʥǿƥסһ䣬һ֣Сõ˴֮ʥͻȻ׵͵Ϯ֣ʥСȻУ֮ħʮϾսʥʥɱħʮ֮ʥˣŻԵСߡ
ַˣҺŵѾ£ڵĻܺأ
ʥո߲ãǧ壡Ϳ̿ɻ𣡡
û뵽ɻͶʥû뵽ǣɵǧǰħս֮УЩ˼齫ǵ긽֮У񾳽ѾһˣʥصѾ˽һǧ
֪ŵħɭǱǧ꣬Ҳŵһ˵Ҳһ֮Կ壡û뵽ǣԭŵǺͼƻˣеʵΪľǧǰһһ̣ɵȫǸ߽ȫŵǵˣ
ʥıѣڶ֪ô£ܸоʥŵǲһģǴǰŵʧˣʥѹ֮·ŵǣͶʥ
ַƣԭô񣡰Ʈ֪Լ۴Ǽٵģֻǹⲻ𴩶ѣַͻȻоԼˣһ
һʱƮǲ뱩¶ʵڶоˣ϶ĳֹϵԣֻŵǴ
ֲŵһԼ־֪Լðԭ
屻֮ҺСèǧһֱǰֻصΪΣյĵطȫĵطû뵽ǱΧˡ
ַ֮󣬷ŭѣҲģһҪɺʥأ
СѩСèѾ񾳽磬Գɰǧ׷ɱҲֻܵķݣ
ҲûбϢ
ҵõϢݱӡڼ䣬Ҳҹ㣬һֱûϢмѰϢǷǼٵģð㣡ȻЩ˶ҳõֶζѡ
ðң
ַСѩ˱̸߱Сèַ͵ǬȪ˯ȥˡ
ַ罫ħô½¼򵥵ĸСѩ֮֮·£ַ粻֪ôȥ˵ˡ
ַ粻˵СѩҲûжʡ
ִˡ
ִˡ
ʱѾ˷ش߹򣬷ǿַ˶ַʺãַһһ΢Ц
ֵϣ洦ɼһɫս׵ľӣַ֮ȫַͣ¾
ַ̽Щ˵Ϊʥ硣
ַʶһѰݣûзֺĪƺͺµˣ˺ͻҲҲ
ֻʥڣ
Ǹȥˣ
ַֻȥʥߡ
𡭡
겻ַ翴Ůζˣһָ߹ŮĸоҲǸɱͷĿˡ
ףַ磬㲻ǰųȥôôô
ַһ㶣ǰ
ʥߵĿƵСѩϣλǣ
ҵСѩ
ʥһϲҵˣˣҵˣ
ַһͷˮô£
һãȻʲôô£ǵһֱСѩֻޣ첻ôɵġ
ַ羪ȵ˵ǰųȥ
ǰǰ㲻ټҿ֮˶ͷȥСѩˣͻߵİô㵽ôˣ
ַʵ˵һֱô׷ʲô£Ұɡ
Ѿģʧô
ʥʱַãı飬ʱʲôԡ
ʧˣҲַ磡ַ粻ң
ַһأ˭ðԼð꣬˶ûз֣
㡭ʥͻȻ۾һִЦߵĵСѾͷƬӣȻƭ꣡ͻˡ
СѾͷƬӣ
Ŷ˭ðң
ַ籾ǵðԼڴʥߵľٶԼˣ
ַҲ˵ˣһǺ£
Ϊʥ˵ԼǰͻˣȻû϶ַѶߺ£
еȫڱݣôַѶ϶ûдȥһǺ£
ʥߵ˭ð㣬Լ¡
Ǻ¡
Ȼÿκ³ֵʱͲ㣬ֵʱͲ£ǵǰӰģǺ»˭ѾͷడˣѵⲻôѾͷԼ⣿
ַ罫ʱʥߡ
ʥ֮󣬵Ѿͷν࣬Ϊˣ±ݵɢԲŹʴһšʵҺͺĪͻǺðˣֻǴҶղȥ𴩶ѣ𴩵Ļеɢ۵Ѫ׷ѣԴҶװ֪ʵҶΪûúðġ
ַ
ʥ߽ŵǰǻšʥź𹫻֮󲻾ãɺʥ˽壬ɳʮ֧Ԯ壬ȫû֮Сѩߡǵ˾һֱѰСѩ޵䣬ÿ£Ҷȫһ
СѩʱֲúöҶпðַ磬һһַкĪƣûг֣Ϊǵ˹װģΪַĻŮ派ѪиӦԣҾΪЩǺҵˡһֱҲĵص㱩¶Ҿߡ

ٺСѩַ֮罫Ǭľȫ˳˱ݡ
ǿ֮󣬶ַݵĤݡ
ЩǿϵŮǶ˷ܵĴ󺰴УڿȢϱˡ
ҪȢ
磬Ҫ
ַһͷ亹
˶ޱȹĿ⿴Щˡ
ٺЩַݵĳɾ͡
ʥӽˣѾһǧ
ֲɣʲôǣ
ԭַΪԼűݵԺɨ½ڿЩȥֻܳΪڻң
ַΪʥֻһ񣡶Լʮ
ڣʥͻȻðһǧ񣡶ɺҲа
ǿַԿģ
֮󣬺Īơ¡ˡȫ˻һ˻ʮʮħ飬ȫ񹦴ɡ
硭
¿ַ֮ȥ˻εҩ˵ַĻ˺ܾúܾá
ַһοޣҲǵ˵ޣ
ȫұɱ֮ʱүү֮ʱеַ֪֮ʱ¶ûпޣ
֪ûõģп޵ʱ仹취ȥ
ΣٴοַԼǰʹ޾ϲóźµ顣
Ҳܲס˳
СѩַĻоġ
ĪƵܣôǰͻǼٵģ㻹ţ˰ɡ
ƲͣҲ֪ǼٵģǴ簲ŵġ
˵ҿ¡㣬㾹Ȼƭ꣡

۷׷ףΨлͶû˵˸û뵽ַ绹ţ񿴵ַ簲Ȼһ󼤶
ʱҵĿⶼСѩϡ
ĪƴֵĵɣҲСѩҵˣ
ǣСѩ֮ĳϵСè֮ҲĳϵףСèأ

һʵһʮ߰Ӣ˵
ɴ۾Ǵ˵֮е룿ȻԻΪˣôһ㶼ܲ޵Ϣ
ҲǷǳĿСèȥѾһࡣ
ۣСè㶼ɴèˣôˣҶ첻ʶˡ
Ī߹ȥСèԴ
Сèʶ˶ˣǸһĵӸ˸ôɰ֣
СèЦĪƸãá
ʲôʱôˣ԰ְַ֣Сѩ裬ô˸磿
˻һȻ뿪ַĻĨᣬĴСèĿƲ˼Сѩ
磬ÿ˯ǰҶζᵽСèɣ
ÿ˯
˶֪ʲôСѩһ⻰ʱǳµĿЩ⡣
Сèţְ֣ҽܽ¡
ߵλʥŮҿԽСèСѩͺá
Ǻá
Сèúá
ַ亹ãн㣡
Ŷ½á
ַ罫ÿ˶һ飬˫ʶ֮ȥ˱ľƵһ١
ðַĴѰСѩ䣬ûȥԸɡ
±˵ʮ񾳽ħɱΪ˱𣬵˶ξܾ
ʵҶ֪²ַ磬ֻûȥҴѣ
Ҷڵȴַ֣
ַڻع飬˶ȴַһţ
ʮַ֮ʽټҿᡣ
ַеѾۣʥغɵȻѻʯǽͻƣûġ
ַѾеĸƻⶨϣ
ַʮ죬ռռ䴫Ĳϡ
ЩϷǳչ½̻ܶᶼУҴ඼ǲֿ֮лѹĻ
Ϊռ䣬ûһ󷨺ͽʦһռ䴫Щϲȥ
ȻռЩϿ϶Ҫ촫
˶룬鿪ʼ
ַ翪ʼݽ屻ʥغɻ𣬶СѩΪҵĺѣСѩ¾ҵ£ߣŮУ壡ԣһҪȻǵʥغɵۺǿѡͻƣǰһս֮أǧ𡭡ɳÿжʮ֮⣬ֻʣʮʥʮһٶʥԣ棬Ҫڼ֮ͻƣɱǴֲҪȻǵ޷ġ
˳Ŵ͵ôǵĴƺƵĳ˿϶һʱõϢ֮ڴݻɣ·춼Ҫʱ䣬ô϶вͨߣһ񾳽ʥص˵һʱ֣ʱǻ·һ


390 Ե
ַˣȱżȻô˵϶оԵİգ
˲ŵƲͣ˵˵ҵҪĿԴˡ
ַĵǵİԲҵǬʱ˭Ҳˡ
Ǭ۾һѵǬѾ˶״̬
ַҡͷûУǳ״̬װ˻ûģǺǡ
ĪƵ磬ȻԽֻҪһ˻ɣų϶ɱһֲͻϮûһġʥǧûа취ȥģʥһˮֻҪгԽռ֣Ϳ˲佫ǵ˴͵Ǹطʱǵ˿²ѷɣ
ַܣҵȻǹˣֻҪɵĵ̽ǱҲһɵĴǱݵĴͨһɱ֮ͻʱٻǱߵĴһʧʥصٶ࣬Ǹô
˵ͷݱɷ֮ڸǣʥصˮ޷͵ݵģԴҲַɷ֮Ҳס
磬취֮ǵĵ̣û˸ǿųڣҲûе˸ҽǽռ䴫ҪͲ˵Ŀǰ½û˻ռ䴫ġĴʦǶһ㡣
ַܣôҿ񽳣һССĿռ䴫ѵôе˶ҵǬʱֻҪһ˳СʹͿԣ̣ʱͿɣ
ڲףַѾһмƻˡ
һʲôûûеĻ׼һоһ֮ʽ
һʱ䣬ַȥɵĵ촫
ַ˶Ǭַȥڵ̸
һַ֮ǬһƬǬٵǰС
ǰս֮ɵֻʣ¼ʮ򣬱ǧ˵ĵֻмʮˣ̵ԱֲҲǳ١
ǬֱƮڣм˳жˮѾܼһССĳô
ս֮УַǬ϶ᱻʶ̽⵽ڣ˭ûµȥʶ̽ռ
˭Ҳ֣ᷢ˻һ˴ǵܲ
˿ַ̣αװûκģ
Ԫؽ⣬ɳǬֱû˵صװ֮¡
ֻѡףΪʱ齻սƻײһȫ롣
󷨱ݻ٣ô죿
ȻɳǬҲڵص״УҪصͿճһ΢СǬȫպϣҪַȥˣʱ˲֣ᷢǳʱ˵ע⡣
ԣڿзȫģ
֮СٻǬĳڣַ罫ص׵ʱùھȫװǬܿ죬صױһʮ׷ԲĿռ䡣
ַǬ˵ʶʮԲķΧַ翪ʼˡ
壬ֲϰһأֶĹ
û˻֪صװ֮£ռ䴫
Сʱ󣬴ɣˡ
һ׶ֱĴɢ뵵ϢַϢȻֱ治Ǻ
ͨĴҪʯȥ߶תⶥĿռ䴫󣬲Ҫȥ߶Ѿ˿ռ侧ʯеܴһٴΣκʶ޷󷨣˰ɣ
ˣ˵һٴΣʮζˣ
㶨ڵĴַ֮編ƣʼʩȥĴܲڵصװ֮˴
һʱ䣬ַѾɵ󷨸㶨
֮󣬽ڱϿɷܼ֮ĵط˼ʮЩ޾ɷ֮֮ǻ
Ȼ˵Ľ飬ַɡ
˰æЩƯɷ֮вɷ֮𻵡
Ļô󴳽ֱӾͻرɷ֮˺Ƭ
ͨд֮ϵ
ַ˼ʵ飬һһվڴĿص㣬һ̣Ѿһ֮ϡ
˳ַ֮ͨһʱռʯ˴ʮƷʯ͡ʥħʯ
ַΪڤħ𶼲ܽȰѲŪñţԺΪˣֱӾͿԽ
ºַټװǬ֮Ǳڣ
ַ֪ȲıԵһĿڣ
ڣѵĻȫŮһ˫š
ֻʹ࡭
ףô£
һ֮ʱͻȻˮ֮ڷһӰԪؽΧ
Ѵ󾪣˳ȥ
˵ĳԪؽʮҲͬʱ˳
Ǹոճ˴ַʮѾеĳ·
Ԫ֮⣬ɱ죬ڶʮʥڰʥİΧ֮£ֻʮʱͱɱһɶ
ַߵʥȫʥװսһʥʮϣڵʥԱģټͻǵصĹʮʥûзӦ޾֮лΪɻң
Щ˵궼ַյһɶ
ɱ֮İַսǬ
ʥϵٶ£ַߵļ齫Ӵƥٵ˻ȥ
ͬʱԪ֮УѾ֣
Ԫֻ߼󷨣ǿѹסʥµѹƵķǳСЩȫֵĻԪƬ̾ͻᱻݻ١
ԣ飬û˺Ԫ
׷׳֣
ӴŻصռ䣬Ԫܿܲסǿʼ
˺ͻǸ߽飬Щ˺ͻĹ£һжס
ѿ˺ͻ֪Ϯǵַ磡ĿһԶҵַ磬ַ磡㣡
ַ粢ûвμĽսվڴλãʥصĴֵĻַһʱͻǬսǬߡ
ûһ˭˵һģϴû㣬ΣǺǡӣ
ѱߵŻĹߺ޵ĵַ磬Һԩ޳ΪҪأ
ַЦԩ޳ҺҵѣõȫҶǱɱ
Щƣã
õģ֪ˣ
ϴûнնɱڴˣ
ϴΣǺǡһɱңʲôطϢȥ¶ɵʵʱ֪ͻ¹ǵʵûа취帲ɣǧ꣬Ϊ˶ԸôΪʲô֪ô
ѵַ磬㲻ɱңҿԸһܣʥصܣɱңǶ
䣡
䣡䣡䣡
һıըѵĻ
ٵɨռ䣬ַֻоǰۻңʱ£ַ綼Щ߽ĳٶȣֻһһͶߵĲͣıը
սϵನ嵽ַλã˴һַನ˻ȥ
ַһͷ亹Լվλ֮⣬񹥻ನܳ嵽ôԶŵನ˵ȥĻַҪˣ
ַ绹μӡ֮սģ˺ͻһڷĲμӣ˫һ֣Լͱڻ˰ɡ
ַٴθܵǿ
ֻǶʮʱ䣬ߵ񶼱ɱһɶɽݻһ룬ֻʣһˣѼԼֻίȫ
ֻɱô죬ַߵڸʱ䣬ʥصĴ֣һʼҶʹȫȥɱУҪ̵ʱ佫˻У
սӿʼڣֻ˶ʮʱ䣬ʥص˲ûг֣
սɶദռʥص˾Ȼܣ
λİΧ֮Ѿˡ
ѱһδεĺɣûɱ֣˶֪Ǻµģ
ַ磬㲻ҪɱңֻҪһԺ˳㣬ʥһܣ
ַЦʥʲôܣ˼Ѿ֪ˡ
ţڵзһ֮ʣַѾɻȡеļ䡣
ַҲõһǳܣ
ʥʥʮ֮һһ

³һ˵ľճһƬҽ
ѣ֪ҪɱԼĻ޷ܣ
ǶԷΪβɱأ
ܿ죬֪˴𰸡
˺֮ϵĺʱѣʶô
ַǰ˵ĻȻַã
ûַáЦǣһк׵ŮһǡǧСŮ
кףǧУ
ͻȻоһˣǰ˭
µĿ綾һ㶢ѣѣĹҾҪʬΣһһƬһƬĽ⣬ĹȫһƬҪܣ
Ȼµ׺жĳޣΪҪ˶񶾣ɱȫңɱɣҲͰˣΪҪˣ
˶ܵ˺µĺͶ񶾣
ѻȫð亹
ܣôûܡ
ѣҵĴδôأ㵱ҵɱĸףɱҽ㣡㽫ҽĸĥĥҸ׺͵ܵܡ
û˵ȥ˶ŭ죡
ɱҲͰˣ籾ǿʳɱٶҲûʲôֱʮ⣡ԣҾ徣
һɽӣҸֵҸ֮еõ˾ѣǰҸ׺ԥĸ㣡Ҹ֪ޣһ˳ٹʽ֮£
Ҹд㣬ֽѽ㣬㾹Ȼɱȫң㻹ǿңʱҲŰ꣡үүʱ֣һս򲻹㣬ߣүүǴ½߸֣µһû׷ϣǣԴˣүү𡭡
ԣȥ˺Ƭ
ҲݣΪһǿߣһСŮŹ
ѵĳѾ¶ţ˷ŹԺҲûϻȥˣУǲˡУ
ˣԱɣ޳ܣԲֶΣһ淽ʽû˻ôͺ㣡񹲷ߣԺݵ£ͻΪ׷ɱĿ꣡
ʱѽһ˼򵥵ɱû˻ΪʲôҶΪ¾޵Ϣ©ȥǿɱڣ
ɺܶ˶ô
ǣ㵱һСŮĥɱĸ׺ͽ㣡һСŮ⣬£˭̣
һңţܣ֪㵱ʱֻа꣬涾ѾȣүүҴˣҲ˼꣡ܡ
´ЦѣıӦ죬ʶʶҵֶΣ
һһѱƽĵһ


391 ʱ
ʮѹ֮£ܶɱɱûУ
ѣúõܰɡ
µеĳһɫĵҩֱѵĿУѲҾ徵ĲҽУͬʱ˿ѵĸã
ŵҩĸʴԶҩ֮ͻĸãֱõһŻҲģڵҩȪˮ帯ֻ֮ϣֻ֮ḯã֮ϣѭʱҽһÿʮιһŵҩ֡ʹ࣡
µĻоһëȻ
񶾵ķʱ޿ڳܵʹ࣡ϳԺɱȿܣ
˵꣬óһŵҩĽѵĿС
ҸԵɻ굤ɻ굤ҩҪɱ㣬ֻҪʱͿɱҽҩԼ֮ڲŻ֮أ껹һһ˿꣬ԶһطãܣԶʹĥ
Σ˿¶翴һŮħͷһ㣬һַǲҾ徵ĥ֮ôڶ֣ΪֲԶ͵һַôѽõı֮ϵĴݲС
תͷַ磬ܲǬŪһռ䣬Ѵȥòã
װǬȫģı¶޷ߣҪѸܣ
ַȻ£ˣѾˣɱɣ
ַЩĿĥһˣĻĥӰ
µĵ磬ôô׵ķŹ޲ԵˣҾҪۣ
֮ǰѾ߹ҪħַҲЩģڵַоѾħ
ַҪܾѾͷҪħħɣûʲôµġħȻ£ǲ˺ںˡ
ǣ飬ħ֮˵ȫᱻħƣʱ䣬鲻ϣֻɱ¾
ħɱ¾޾ɱ¾ħһħ֮󣬲˼ֵ֮飬ħھŷСҪɱ
ʲôħ𣿶һبŵһħ㿴ôԺˡħ󷨡ȻΪħ
ħ󷨣ôû
ûи߹ô
ô
ûô
ô
˰죬СٻĿȥˣû
ˣûаɡռϡԿħ󷨣ˣ޷ħֵԭ򣬵ħ֮󣬲ħ֡
ַͻȻָоһﻹкܶûиԼֻԼΪһĳ̶ȲܶԼ˵
Ȼú³ħַҲͷˡ
ĺ»£ڽ˵û£ַҲûʲô֮ǣԾʹӦ˺£ҪħҾʹħ
¡Ӧ㡭ôĥѣ綼֧㣡
ַͬѣú´Сĥô
Ҫĥκεˣ̶񶾵ķ綼֧㣡Զվߣ
Ѫɫ֮һϲסַĸ첲
һսǶħҲǶħ
һëȻĲҽ֮бַǬַ罻ǬҸƫƧĵطһΡ
֮Ѿһֱڵ֮Уܣܾĥ
ַˣ֮ص˱ݡ
ȥ֮󣬴Ҽᡣ
ڣѹҪǣʥصûгַ֣λļ֮Ѿ֪һС
ħս֮˺ܶ飡Щǳǿĸ߽ûѡֻأǽԼֻǱħô½ǿڣ
ǿߵ޷ԿЩ꣬Щ𽥵ĽЩǿߵɣǸ࣡
Ȼ֮ҲӵҪ»ǿ
֮飬ٶ٣ڶʱھͿԵľ磬Ȼͱ޴󣬵ռ䣬Ĵڣ
ħս֮ħϳ棬½еħЩȥħҲ븽Ǳȫ
ڿռ֮ռ֮ʱռ򱻴ı䣬޷ռ䶺ռ鶼ռ֮͵ʱѷ죡ռ֮ԼȥƶĹ򣬾ǿϵۺۺʮĶ鶼ȥԷ
׷׻ع磬Ӳǿŵռ䣬ϵ۵Ҳֻܽһռ䣬һЩ飬ҲûǸϵЩȫЭŵǣ
ȻЩܿ콫ħô½ͳһγ˶½ĶҲǶɺħᡣ
ŵݷǧ꣬ǵȴһһ̣
ԣһ֮ǰħô½еܱ¶ʵ
Ҫǣһʥ֪ʥصʥǿռ֮ˣ
ַ֪ԭħô½ͱۿţһж۵ļƻ
ŵǺɵ鱾Ǽƻ壬ץһٶԸʥصģΪΪʥأ
ַǸļ䡣
ַõһϢԭʥصʥٶǰͱɱˣ
ԤıһУϵǧǰ֮ʱҲԤı
֮ͣϣǧǰħս֮ۺϵ飬۽ԼĴŵħöУŵǿħô½ϵ۲ܲ֡
ͬϵ۽ԼĴ˷ħ½÷ۿħ½۵˲֣ܲ
ϣۺϵ̸ˣ˶˱˴˶֪ı
ͣǧǰħսϵۺϣˡϣһƬ̫ƽʢʵϣۺϵʱ޿̵ĶƶԷ
ŵʧ٣ȺףѾƻǧ꣬ؼʱ̣ŵʧˣ
Ҫж֮ʱʱʥʥ˻ǧ֣ǿѹסɣҪɹ˳ʥأ
Υߣɱ
ʱʥʥҲ˵ʵݣʵǹķǧǰϵħô½µһ壡
ǰɱʥǧȡʥأΪһʥ
£û֪
ʥصǿȨѹֻ֮ѡϷ
֮ʥɹ壡
֪ʥǣҲûа취ֻӲͷƤϣҪȻֻ·һ
屻ڼʥҲɳ˴ǿ֧ԮҲŸԵ
ʥɵƴ̵֮ûнʣµΪʥҪŵһӣŵǵȫɱ⣬۵ϴһƣ
ķǲôġ
ŭۣϵǱҲý
Ȼķڴ½½ɻ𣡵ʱ򣬾ŵǳˣҲʥˣʱὫһ½֮ϡ
ŵҪ½ʥȻ֣ϵ۵ļƻǵļƻ֮½ΪϣһȺϣʥǲϵġ
ʥҪ֮ܵʱʱ򣬰·ɱһַ磬ڻ
ַѾ֪Լ˻֮ʱΪʲôʥص˲֣
ʥص˰Ͳö½ɻ

ַһĿ꣬һ̣
һ̵ĵַ̣編ƣٻʥʮ
Դһս֮ÿǧֻʣ¼ʮԱȽϼС
ֻҪʶһͿԽеĵ˾۵ףĴ֮£˵ȥ·κε˶·ӣ
οַͻϮ
һ̲һˮȥӽڵһУҲûԪĳ󷨣ԣַŰҡڵĳɱ
ʥص˲ַ֣Ҳʱ䡣
Ʈڱչ֮С
Դַκ˰Ʈ֮󣬰ƮһϾʱһ񹦡
ŵǴǰѾֻ֣ҪŵǴڣʥص˾ͲҶԸɣҪľʵĴ֣ŵǴ˵Ĵ֮ȥʥһ
ŵǸ֪ڰСʱ֮ǰͱˣŵǸ֪ʥ֮⣬ַǿĶ֣
һĴܵİƮѡ
Ʈȥ֮ʱ˼Ѿȫûֻʣĸķ
ôôᡭ
ƮֲѣѵʥصҪնݳ
Ʈսϵˣʥصˡ
ʶһƮѾַ֪磡
һҲһƬѪ֮Уʮ齫ƮΧס
ַߵʮ飬ƮĵһƬַôô
⵽ô¡
Ʈǵ˸һˣ
ĸı֮˰Ʈǧ׿⡣
Ʈ죬Ѿ²⵽ʲôˡ
ԼˣѵѾ֪һУ
죬ɱңλô˻һ̡죬ѵǰ޶ô죬ѵôô
ƮǰΣ֪Լѷɣһı顣
ǰ찵ö˰ƮҪɱƮƮİ취ѣιʼʩ
ŭȥķ޶飡ͲӰƮֻǧǰħս֮飡ʲô֪ˣɣ
Ѿ֪࣬ƮѾûмװȥıҪˡ
ƮЦ֪ˣ޴ˣɱĻǧǰɱˣ֪ΪʲôһֱɱôҾϲʹ࣬ϲΪӣĶĥǧ꣡ߣҽ¾ڣ㻹õŵĵطԣһֱĹ
촽ɫɷףƮڣ
Ʈɫƽһ㶼£ôҸһ£Դ뿪򶾹֮ľŸӶѾƣЮĸѾصĺúõģǾҲѾˣǵʶϵˣɱĸףɱҰ
ŭ𣬡Ʈñɣ
ƮЦʵҲû뵽ôԸңû뵽ǵʵôǿʵľŸӣֻΪԺҵѡһһ߻ħҵľǣҲû뵽ó
޲ýƮʬΣֲܲŰƮĻ
죬÷ңҾԲĸ׷ֺֻҪҲĸ׾ԻһֱĺúõģˣĸҲһˣ
ŭģһѪƮбӦģ
ƮЦĻ֦ҲӦǺǣҲʣֻʵֶΣʵֶξͻվĶ壬ûʵֶֻ죬Ҿ㣬ң
ַʱƮΪץ˶ǰĸ׾ͿΪΪôӸ㣬ʹ޵ľǱ˵в
׽˵ʵֶξͿվĶ壬ûʵûֶξͻ仰ҷǳͬڣҾʶʶҵʵֶΰɡ
ˣŰ죬ֻҪôô


392 ʥصı
˻֮Ʈ˹ȥ
ʮתĳǿߵΧ֮£ֻʮغϣƮͱˣ屻ƣһ
ƮѪĵ죬ɱңĸҲûˣҪˡ
ǳΪѣַַ磬⡭
ַǰзִ硣
Ʈ̰ˣַţһ̣ǲɱĸףֻԼأ
ַߵƮǰǹааЦ
ɣ
Ʈо֮һǿĲΥԼļĿ֮¿š
ŵĿ֮һ˿ıõĴ޹⡣
ַһ½Ʈļȫգ
ȻǰƮʶڻ˵ѹ֮£ַޱǿʶַ˳͵Ϯóѣ
ˣйϵ
һҽ֮УƮѾһˡ
Ʈ˵֮Щ˲Żɱĸףַ粢ûɱ˰ƮǷ
ַѾȫӵ˰Ʈļ䣬ʱ˶죬ǰĸڳڶϷһƵȥӪȰɡڰƮмѾȫҳգһΪѾϣ˿Ѿһˡ
ߵ˰Ʈǰֻƣ׼˰Ʈ顣
ƮճɵɵĿŶ죬Ŀͣ졭ǡô
๫졭
ҵĺأ
һƽƮУƮгճɵɵĻʱݺᣬ̶֡
ֲţ͵һȥǵ˰Ʈͷ̲סͣ
ķ֮飬ǧʹӱܣһĻĻĻٵڶԺתš
ɱ
ǲɱ
š
֮󣬶ƽ˾ַ磬λҰǧǰѾַȫݻ٣˿̰ѾⷬģҹϣҲɱչһӡ
Ȼ
ƮϾҵӣǧ꣬ʹǧ꣬񡭡ֻƮһ𣬺úչǧ
Ժһ򶾹ȣĸƮһ¡
ִˣȫ
Ѿ˶ĳ԰Ʈ
ַãҴӦ㣬ȻǰҪ˳ħô½Ҫսκεطǰȫ֮أڽ˳ǰӣԸΪǰṩһ֤֮˭Ҳŵǰ
Ŷ֪ʲôط
ַ絭һЦǬ
ֻҪǬԲ˴㣡ǰҲֻʣʮ꣬붾ǰΪӺĸҲôǰҴӦ㣬һκ֮Ķ
ľòһڴӦ
֮󣬶콫ĸ׽˹ŸѾ꣬˺ͻҲûа취Σֻܽɱ
ͺӡĸ׶Ǭ
ҲһԲĽ֣
µĴñҲȴԸ
һ̸ַ֮Ѹײڶ֮ƻɣ
ɣַŰȥһ仰˵ɱȻ죬һ
ַСʱ࣬׵ĽĨ
ɵıǷǳģַѹһ
ȻЩַ綼ûзַȫ˱ݵĽ跢չ֮ϡ
һ£߶ѱڿռָţȥʱ򣬴˶ѡռָıʧʱѷ֮У϶õ˵õ
ɱҪԸʥأ
ҪԸʥأ촫İ취϶У
ַţԼ֮ƻɣʥصѾ֪Լôͣɱ˵һֲ
ʥصǸˮܿһгԽռԣַɽ֮ʱʥѾ֪һС
Ȼַ֪Ǭ촫ʥȻ鷢
ַ취ôʥͻϮҲûһ˿ʤ㣡
׿ʥʥǿ˵ǧͲַߵܿģ
ַϳʥضַߵʵҲ߰˰ˡ
ַߣôʥӪС壬ַ˿˼λ飬Ҷûκΰ취
ʵĲ࣬ǲֲĲ࣡
ǱȻڣʥص˿ɱݣ
ֻܾ䣬ʥصľٶһƻ

ʥأˮԱߣ׷ھĿˮоʲôо˺üʱ˶ҡҡͷȾ졣
һλߵǵطǽȥݣɷ߽֮׵ĿռҲ޷͸ҪԸַ磬ʥҲΪ
Աߵ̾һɱַãǴȴҪַѪħ½壬ǼַѪħڵã½ȷַˣַռݱݺʥѾз֮ͥƣַȴͻȻðʮ飬˷ѽ⣡
жַĶҲôʮ飬ҪȻ͸ʥؽаˣⶼ¹ȥˣûһ㶯˵ַûкǿʵ
üַûкǿʵ˭֪ڱжжַȻɷ֮ɳ뱱ݣʵжǿ˭֪ɷ֮ħַһкܴܾħ
Цַ֪϶ħʮ飬Ҳоħ
ûнչ
磬ˡ
ʥʥһ
ͷǹ͵
ǧǰħսŴھʣ
ħսԺ󣬰ϵ۵ָʾ˻ǧ齫ѣϣЩ˶˸߽
ʥʥǱ˺ɱ
ʥǳᣬֻʮ£һׯ֮࣬ɢŵ⣬ȫȻɢŹ͵Ϣ崺ĸо
磬ﶼо˼ˣһĪչˮ޷͵֮ڣҪݣǿҲΪ
ʥĵҪҲҪҪһ͵ħô½ɷ۽֣͵ǣ͵磬Ŀǰ˵һѾӡˣһװһռָҪһεˣ˵ΪҪʥΪͨ;ħ½
磬⻹򵥣ֻҪҸʥȻˣ
ʥΪŵǳصôŵлϢҵӦҸұ֤ʥصĸҵǸʥŵǾͻǸʥڸܵҵͻ¶һУŵʧ֣֮϶Ѿȥ֪ͨˣ
룬Ҫһ񵽾磬Ҫؿǳ鷳Ȼ˵Ѿ֪ͨ˽Ӧ۵˻ᴦӣռļռ䣬ֻҪȥˣÿһ̲鶼ǳϸ񣡻ǵʥʶֻͣʱ䣡Ҳ˵ǵȥ֮ʱҪϵӦǵˣǴȥͣҲ֪ȥ˻ԣأ
ֵ磬ǰǾ׽סһʱŵʧ٣Ϊβһͳȥأ
ʥ΢ŭһ񾳽磬ܰһ񾳽ȥôǲռ䱬飿ǲħô½ʧǰɺһսռ䶼˾ŷ֮һȻֻǺ֪ռӰжôҪһȥûʮתϾȫֵס٣ûа취ȥģ


һֱڱչأÿʱÿ̲߲ݵڹһ룬ӡװռָܴȥ֪Һķ˶ôҸ㣬ҵʧ֮һҵĹ½ʮתڵʹòǾħڵΪҲҵҪʧһ룡ͷˣ
æ磬Ҫŭô˵ô֪ͨ磬İ취Ӿ
ʥڴŭ֪Բߣǹʱ˵Ƕһʹʺôһ£˵⣬Ҳ˵⣬Դˡ
룬ҪǸ걣ҪΪǸΪʮϣǿҲҪǸʮϣ׿㲻˵ʩڼ䲻κβҪȻ˵궼ᱬ飡ʩ߲ҪԼ޵ҪݻԼ꣬룬ݻԼҪܶʹ࣡Ҫ޷ܵʹ֮ҪֲһͬʱҪԼʶѹƶԷķ
ϵڱ˵ףͻظޱӴ֧֮֮£ʱɣǱ˰ҵĻҸͲɣֳֺöҪ̵£˭ȥ˭ˣΪ£Ϊֹڴˡ
һǸ⣬֪˵ʲôˡ
ʱЦ磬˼Ǵŵְɣֻɱŵǣȥڵһʱϵ۴ˣ۵ûŵǵϢǲģǲܰȫĽһ񽻸۴ˣֻҪ˷۴Ͳǵˡ
ֱһ壬˵ʲôأŵǣɱŵôɱŵǣôǱ߽ǵĵ˻ַ磡Ҹұַ֤ҲʥΧǻַ֪º󣬾Ի֣

صЦţ㶼ǳô֮Ͼ벻أǵĵŵǺַ磬ŵʧ꣬ʧ䣬ַȢŵǣǰŵʥغʹսһһŵǻ˺ӣǺǣŵǶĺһַģ˵ŵܷŹַô
ַˣȥץǵˣôַֻռǳǿȲ˵Ҳûȥȥô
һԴȻһˣŵǻָ˼䣬ɱһַ磡ǸɵŵǣȻ޻ַ磡
ʥƲһۣһڿˣûȻŵǵΪֻתƾелǧǰл֮ҶĶ֣ڣУʱֻҪŵһ֪ͨ۴ˣ۴ѡʵʱ֪֮ۿ϶û˼ȥעһˡ
²ŻȻ򣬡Ϊһٴݷǧ꣬ʧܣͻὫĨɱҪֶ񣡸κδ۶ϧϵ۴˵õӡǣٺ٣ʱ򶫷屻ˣʱͷų类ӡϹǧϹʱԸۣ
ʥüëЩ֪װͺãҪ˵
ҪԸŵǡ磬ҺԳְɡ
šʥҺķѵ̫ˣʧҲ̫ˣ֮ʷ۴ҪһЩȪˮҪȻһΪҪֹڴˡ
İɣ磬ֻҪԲ񣬷۴˿϶κƵġ


393 
£ַһֱʥظأ̽ʥصĶ򣬶ַҲýʥظһ󣬴һƵķ䣬ַַ꣬ȥ磬Ӧͻ¼
ַ֪СûбߣΪַ磬ҪһȥĿռ䣬϶ܣ½
ķҲֿ̫Сˡ
ԣַ˲϶Сһʥأ
ӪСһǳ޵񣬶ַҲ֪ŵҲʥС壡
ĿǰΪУ
ŵȻֻһ˵û˸Сŵǣ۴ݾѹܶˣлԴﵽʮת߸ǿĸ߶ȣ
ŵǱ͵Ϯȫûз£ټħŽŵǴ£ûɱŵǣʮתû˿£Իȫһͱˡ
лַǼʶˣлȻԴԽʱշ籩
ǺεȵĿ£
ŵַ֪֮󣬵ʱѪŵû˼ȥԸַ磡ûȥʥ濹⣬ҪйעʥصĶ
ռ֮ϵһһ㣬Ǿ磬ף½
ÿռһռˣзǱȽ׵ģһռһҪˣֻЩΪ֮µˣ
¾һֿռˣǷϿռ˳ӦУˣǳǿĹɣΪˣΪ̫ǿҪ͵һռ䣬ֱӻᱻĨɱһƬޣ
Եħ½ȥ½׷ɱַ֮ʱɳ˶Ϊ֮µˡ
۳ﱸǧļƻʧܣ˴͹˸ŵǴϢҲûйŵǣؼǼµʱ䣬ϢҪһĴûеϵ۵Ķڣ
˴ݵϢһʥأֻҪһûͳռ䣬ôŵǾͻлᣡ
ŵֻǱʥΧʥصһһ
ڼ䣬ŵҲַ˳ûʥظڲַ籨ʱŵҲַ֪ҲӪһ
ԣŵǴĳַ֮ϻҪȥַ
ŵ룬ַʥشԼ취һ
һԼȥôʦ֪Լַ֮£ҲôΪԼ
ǧļƻΪԼȫʧܣʦһˡԼ
Ȼŵһʧˣ滹ħ½Ǽؿ
ۺϵһõһҪĽ͵磬̫ˡ
ʥһˮ򣬿Դ͵ħô½κλãַãʥصľٶòʥҪСתƣַҲ޼Ѱ
ַûʵʥ濪սôַ˽оʥصĵΣ׼öȻֻʱ뷨ͼƻʵʩǳ鷳
˵ַҲûκζԲȥԸʥأ
ַ磡ʥرߴˡ
ôַϢ
ַͺ£˼æ˹ȥ
˿ٷУʮ֮Ѿϵսֳ
ʥرߵĺʥһɽӹ죬涼޾ĺ
½ռǴӺʼԣԣʥزŻὨںߡʥصҪά޲ռĻܵһʱơ
֮У׺ͷĸΧŵǣ
ַ翴Բ֮ȫ޾ϵ٣ս˫ַʱַͿ
սǽַġ
ַұ֤Լȥһ̾ͻᱻʳһƬޣ
ΧɱŵһˣһʱὫŵò£
Χ˺ʱѷ죬ֻҪȥͻʱշ籩˺Ƭ
λͰŵǱƽʱѷ죬ǣŵлȻһδεĴʱѷıԵӹʱѷɾȻŵûκã
ŵŭţūţٶԸǰǺǵıôǾȻɱңΪɱô
ʱ޾ŵǰŵȫлȫǧ׸ǧ֮ڣǿ˺ſռѷ죬ЩռѷŵǿţŵƯƣλǿĹ඼ʱѷ죡
ַ翴ŵǵ𾪲ѣѵ߾ô
϶ǣǶʱչ򣡺ʣŵһռԵҲȫԽΪǧǰŵΪһ龹Ȼռ䣡ÿռϵ۵æռ䣡
ַƣǰڶԸħʱ򡭡
ַĻ֪˵ʲôǲ˵ŵǺħս֮ʱʹ־УҸ㣬ŵǵʱĻûа취Լʱ˺ʱѷ죡ʱŵǺͻħĽ֮У֮ǿĹ򣬳Խʱյǲ˺ʱѷ졭ŵĿǰֻܿƳԽʱѷ죬ԣŵǴܣֻҪһ糬ʮת񻹿סŵǣɱŵǵĵԽ࣬ŵǵƾԽɱŵǲܵģ
ַ˼
ǣǲɱ㣬ôһȥ겻񻹲·һ谭ԣǲòţأʱǽ޻ַ磬Ϊ˭֪
ַԣҧгݣַҲֻܹڻǻ˳ֵʱ
ַʼնţȻǧǰҪħô½Ը壬ֻŵôһ
ŵһԼĵƣ
ŵЦȻҵΪлǸ˲ңռѷҶ£Ϊܽնɱڴô
ŵҲû뵽ϵ۵˸Լ֣
ŵ֪ϵ۵Ǳħô½ĻͶԸϵ۵ˣҲ³
ǧǱħô½ǧ꣬κ˶֪ŵҲǴ³֮󣬲֪ʥѾϵ۵˿ˡ
ôЦʥǧ񣬻ɱô
Ļ䣬֮ĸ߿֮Уռһ˺ѣһٶӸ߿սš
ŵǴЦǿЦΪ˶ɱô
ӣŵǷԽ
λĹһ֮ʱѷ죬ŵǵ򣬶Щʱѷȫŵǿƣǧ׷ԲΧܲ͸磡
ַǳȣڿʹÿռˣΧȫܲ͸ʱշ籩κ˶ҽŵǵȫʱѷ컯Ϊлֻʱѷ˺ѵĸ
λʥĵһȫû˺ŵǣŵȫ
ȥɣ
ŵǴһ޾ʱѷ˲ƶ˰λߡ
λ󾪣ȫû뵽ԷǵĹǵĹֱӷ
ǣ޾Ĺܣȴǰͳ壡
λͬʱһ㶣Ƿһɲ֮䣬ȫʱѷ졣
һ̣λʧ硭
ߵλ󾪣æ׷ɢ
ŵΧʱշ籩Ѹɢȥ
˰ɣŵǵĸ߼ΣȻԽռǲ򹥻ƽ⣡ֻҪﵽƽ⣬ǿʹó
ַͷϿɡ
λɢ˿ԶԶĽŵǰΧǰ
ҧгݵŭŵǣԭռ
ŵЦ֪ôѾˣ
˴˿ѾףԸŵǣȺֻܵ
ǵҲɱ
Ϊˣʹÿռ飬Ҫɱˣ̫ˡ
ɱ¸֪룡
ŵǴЦūţ͵ɣºܿͻᴫǱĶڣǵϴ͵űɱɣ
ЦôŵǣȻɱ㣬ǽﻹûģɱ㣬а취ôеʱס㣬ֻҪһȥûʱ֪ͨˣʱһϵ۴ǻбҪôֻҪ㲻ܰôֻҪʧܣʱ͵۵ŭɣټַ£һӴռ䣬Զһȥˣ
ŵɫһ˵ʵֻҪԼסǺûʲô
Լʧܣַ£ʦϵ۴ѾŹԼ
ŵǵĿƲԶַһۡ
ַĿҲŵǡ
ŵ˫ð𣬶ַܿ
ŵĿ֮һ˿ַ磬Ǻô
Ŷַ粻ĵô
ŵٷɿĵ㲻ҲһôйͬĵˣʥأҵòһҲʥصõֻҪ֣ԿԹʥأ
ַ룬ŵѾ߽ס޷ʥص˳˻һȥַֻܸȥ
ȻռܾСˣȥַ֮ڵַ϶ȲС壡
ַá˵ô
ŵǵǳ򵥣ɱΧ˵صһٻеǵ֮ڣʱʱշ籩ΧΪֻҪ˺κ˶סֱɱʥأʥشݻ٣
ַѯһ½顣
Ҳ֪һϵǿҲ֪صԺʲôŵ˵ľٻʮ飬ͣʹռ˺飬ȻʱѷΪֱӳʥɱˣ˾ͻŵǺص֮ڣҲŵǵߣɱŵǣֻҪͷͿɱŵǣͬŵҪɱˣֱӵʱշ籩Ϳɱȷ޵еģҪ˴Ρ
ַô˵ŵѾƵûа취ˣѾ֮ˣ
СٻʱЦŵѾ͸㣬Ϊ㲻ɱɣҪҪСŵǣŵҪԸǣҺͽҲûа취ʱѷ죬ǿҲֻ·һ
ŵǵȷˣַҲûʵȥʥأҪԸʥؾȳС壬ҲΨкŵǺ
ַ绹Щţ˺Ŀǧô
ãҴӦ
ڽ϶ַ֮Ӧ˺
˵ռˣֻҪܿʱշ籩֮з޵еĴڣ˵޷ռѹƣôֻӵķݣ
ŵǹһ˿Цݣνַʥһ
ʥˮԣʥЦţʣµľŰٶȫŵǺַһټ𣡡
ַŵǺ֮ʩչ򣬿ŵǵķ˹ȥ
ʮ飬ȻӲɢȥַ粢û׷Ǻŵǻһ
ַŵǵںһ𣬶ַߵʮϢεŵǣŵһκξٶͻڵһʱ佫ŵɱ
ַŵǵصһַ̣ͻȻоܵϵһ
ϵ˲仯һ򣬶ַŵ˺һ壡
ַͻȻоԼʧȥĿȨתͷȥŵаЦſԼ
ַ󾪣ŵǣʲô


394 ַ磬ǵøұ𡭡
ŵǵʲô㵽ɱңԣڱҿƣȵݻʥ֮ٻ㣬Ҫɱңһʱ䣬ҾҪ֮ʲôЧ
ַһָоԼȫѹƣԼһԹһԼ
ַ֪֮ŵһὫԼɱŵǷǳԼַ֪ģҴ˵֮䣬֮ɢϢܸо
ַ类ŵˣ
ŵǶ˵֮ùԹԵһǵȫǲҾͻȫѹƣʱɱ׾٣ǵַҵǸʲô죬Ҫ
ַŭˣסŵǣɱһˣɱʹŵǴʱѷ죡
ŵЦɱңǸͲ֪ѹǣǵȫѹƣʱֻ׵ķݣ
ŵǾģȻʥأٽַʱֿµֱӻὫɱ
ŵѾΪѾַ磬صǿһ˻ĿȨַ֪ǿһַǹ⽫ĿȨ
ŵҪַĻַԥڵһʱؿȨ
ڣʮվķԲǧıԵȫͷ޾˺ſռ䣬һʱѷ챻˺ѣŵǿ׾ٵĿʱѷķ˹ȥ
ĸ״󾪣ɢȥ
ͬʱԶĿռһ˺ʥ;ŰڴϿա
ʮ˸޲˺ѵĿռѷ죬˽ŵǺַɱ
ʥ
ŵǿʥ֣ʱ˹ȥ
طҲͬʱ˹
ʲô
ŵߵͬʱо룬ѵҪô
˫ľ뻹ǧ׾֮ʱз黹ûг֣
齻սǧ׵ľ룬Ѿ˹Χ֮ڣַ˿з˻ûж֣
ǧ֮ʱͻȻмʮ֣һصŵǿƵʱѷȥ
⼸ʮλֵͬʱĸżλҹ
ŵͻȻɫ䣡
ã
ŵǿƵʱѷǰ漸ʮλ֮ʱеʱѷͻȻ˲ϣλĹ
֮ж
ɢŵǴһȥ
ŵһܵĻ˶˽ľ룬ŵǾܲ
λ߽˺ͻҲסַߵʮ飬ǵͽ飬ʥصļ鶼һεģ
ַʹǬħȥֵ߽ʮսǬʱѾˡ
ܱߵʮڵһʱҷַֻܻӶڤħɢ
ͻȻһᣬַ磬ǵøұ𡭡
䣡
ַŵǵ˲飬һĳַ硢ŵ˲⡣
һӴӰһ֮顭
ˡ
ַͻѡ
ؼʱ˱ȫԼ嵲ס˵Ĺ
Ĺ֮»Ƭַ͵˰ȫĵط
ַನĹ֮ҲˣȪˮҪЮŵǣŵѾһȥ
ַ磬ҳ㱨ġ
ַͻûȥ׷ŵǣѾ֮׷
ٶȷУסľƵȥ
صƵ꣬ħ
ٴγڱݣ˲ųһ
ˡ
ַͻǳܣΣɱʽıַͻڵ˵һ֮£˺ͻܱסַ粻
˶ûа취ȥܵڶ
˶һȥ
Լȫַͻ
һһĻһĻַڵѪȻһʱ䲻Ǵұ˴֮䶼ĸ飡
һֱһŵԵˣ˵ģ˵ѣӦħҪһħ㸶ԼҲҪ
ַͻȻ룬ħϵ˺öˣȻǸɱ¾ǶƾԼʵǸ磬ûлԣûƭûб޳ܵСˣûжթĶǡ
ŭ𣬡ˣģһģһʥΪƽأ
ַҲԷģǣˣҲɷɻҡ
Լ߻ʲôܺʥؿ⣿
飡㲻˵ԽʥػôΪʲô
ַǳŭһֱַԽǷǳΣΣȴжʧ
Сַ磬Ǻһ㣬ʥصξ޲ռ䣬ռʱѷ죬ʥص˾ȥ޲ڹķռʥ֮ʥصѾɱˣҲû뵽ǣЩѾһЩʥصˣ
СٻŵҲû뵽ʥص˻ĿռΣʥصѾŵǶɱģѾС˳ˣ׼СȥֻɱŵǣǲܽСȥҲµûʥû˳С彻ϣʥ˻ᱻϲĨɱҪȻСȥˣͲںŵǵĴڡ
ַ簧̾ôûа취ʥؿˣŵҲʥصĶ֣ҪռӪСûлˣС屻͵ħô½ҪСϼѣ
СٻҲĬˡ
֪˵֮ʲôû˵һƽ֮еħӵŨҡ

ŵɽһʯָƣлһĶһõӰл֮
ŵǿӰ֮󣬼æݣʦ𡭡
ӰòһŭϢϱڿϽӡˣ£ʲôˣ
ʦ𡭡ռ㡭
Ӱǳͷŭ˵һɻˣ˺ӣ
ʦ𡭡ȫ⡭
⣿Ӱ̲ס֪ʲôΪ㣬ҸǧѪ㽫ΪʦǧѪһ
۵һϵ۽һӡл֮ڣŵǳ£Ҳŵǵռ
ϵ۷ϵ۳ķֻʹһΣ꣬ͻɢ
ԣŵǲ򲻵֮ʱǲõġ
ŵǣ̫ʧˣҽӡлΪ˷ֹⷢ㾹Ȼ˵⣡ѵ㲻֪ҵжǿô֮ǰˣӡʱ䶼ûô
ŵʱ͵Ϯȷûʱȥӡ
˵ǲǰһ࣡
ŵǼæҡͷʦûУûУֻŵǵʱʧ䣬ŻᱻǸлɳˣ
ʧ䣡ߣ㣬ô£ʧ꣬ѵʧô
ˡ
أĺأ
ŵһ㶣ӻûгء
û۷Ҳһ㶣ⲻܰ飬Ҳḁ̊́ʮ°
ӰĿŵǵ֮ɨӶȥһ̽⣬۷󾪡
ħ֮壡ôܡ
ħ֮壡ǲܴڵġ
ŵǲĵʦʲôħ֮壿
ħ֮壬ħ֮壡ԳԳħԳΪħΪֻأĴڣΪʦΪ׷ľ־硭
ŵǣĺã̫ˣΣû뵽һ⣬Եɺϣɾһħ֮塭
ңɻ˭ھҪҪѾɱˣ
۷ּ
ŵˣ׼ʦĳͷأʦȻ˵Լĺã
ŵǵûɱַ磬Ҳ򡭡
ʲôҲ̸
ŵ𾪣ʦ𣬲̸ô
ţŵǰַ統ʱĻԭ˵۷﷢Ҳ򵥵ĸ۷
۷֮ŭû£
˭أۿ˼ڤ룬벻һȻ
ŵǲƭԼģŵǽ̸ŵǿ϶ϣ
ѵǡһħ
۷뵽֮д˸
ŵҲǴ󾪣ʦôܣΪֻһʥôħ
ûʲôܣһħͳˣֻǲ֪˭ѣоҺ֮⣬һ֪ǾǾŮڴо֮ʱŮԡоǳȤҾ׸˾ŮŮáо֮һ񽣣ѽ͸ħħŮħ;ħݺ񽣣ܣܣԣħһ֪оһħֵĻ϶ҪһħĴУôħΨһý顭
ˣŵǣɣ˳ɻ£ҾͲˣ£֮һȥȥǸַˡ
ŵǵʦǸַڱ֮ڣڱɷ֮ûܽȥ
ɷ֮۷һ󼤶ȥ
ŵǺ۷˱ݱԵ֮۷޾ɷ֮һ̾
һѾ˵ڰ˲㣬Щħ֮Ǵ֮ǧǰղˣˣҾͰȫգת𡭡
ŵǵʦ˵ɷ֮ħ֮
ûħɷ֮͵ɷ֮Һħ̸ףΪˡһ͡ħһֻҪ߲ͬ㣬Ϳɾħ֮壬ֻأ
һգ
۷Ļ䣬һ΢Сɷ֮۷գյٶȷǳ޾ɷ֮۷հ궼ղꡣ
Ǳãһ˲Ϳ꣬ⲻ֪Ҫʱ
һߵŵǵʦհɣʥǱҶţʲôٶϢ
۷һ²̫ϣѾźˣħ½Ѿɳ˴ȥˣǲˣһɱһ²õģϵϺħô½ңΪħ½ûôһϵ۵õҪͷبʮôô
֮ƣɷ֮ǵġһͣڵڰ˲Ѿˣû˿չϣЩħչֻҪҵھŲ㣬һϵħһ
ʱ䣬Ǿ￪һʱǽȥǸַ磡֮ȥʥأ
ķȻɱ㣬ߣķһΪʦıҹ˵ģ
۷Ҳ޷뱱ݣΪЩ֮Ҫȥ֮ܲԼɷ֮֮УҲᱻɷ֮ɱƬ


ʲô£
ִˣǱɷ֮˲ı䶯֪ô¡
ַһʶһҵڡ
˵ʶʶ޷͸ɷַ֮ȴͬˡħһʶԺ赲ɷ֮֮дС
ŵǣ
ַվɷ֮֮УŵߵһõӰɷ֮


395 
ַ緢֣һصĹɷ֮գŵһΪ˻
Ȼɵķǳȥһ죬ᱻһ
ѵа취ƿݵķ
󾪣ǡǡһʹõħ񹦣˵˭
Сٻ˺ô۳ķ磬۳ķȿ
һǳǿ󣬵ȴĳƽ⣡Ҵϸо˷ǳϤϢһʱ벻˭
Сٻ˼ҲоǳϤǰܵϢҲ֪˭
Сٻʱͬʱһ飬Ǵ˿Ѿ뵽˭ˣ
ַŵǴȣŵǣʲô
ŵǺ۷֮ǿɷ֮֮еַ硣
ŵȣַ磬Ȼˣβ
ַЦΪɵҾôң˭
۷ʱֹͣ˹ת΢Цŵǵʦλŵǵķַ˰ɣǲûж⣬ֻһ档
ַһСٻ֤ʵԼĲ֮Ҳ𾪵ķ
ŵǵʦ˭Ҷ֪ۣ֮һ
ַ֪ŵǵƣ
ַѹסԼ𾪵䲻ȵĵǺôӣȻͷң˵ĿǺƽȵĿĸоҺӣǺǡ϶ʲô£ѵʶʶͽܵŮ
ŵǴŭַ磬Ҫ㣡
۷ľȻᱻַĻ۷ʾŵǲҪ˵ЦŶַûҴ˴ǰͽܵŮǺηʥԣ㻹ɡ
ַЦΪǰ׳ôǰ׳գһͻɱΪǾôӸ㣬ӵĵ̣ңбɱ
ַ໰һ㶼ӣʲôףǱǵˣΪҪӣ
۷ɫһѿԼΪףռ鶼ҪϷСȴڳԣ
СӾȻ˵Ǿ͸ӵַ֤һħ
ֻħŻۺ֮ǣ
۷Цַ磬֪һħҶûж⣬ɷ֮ɳ룬Ҳħˡħһ˵ûɣ
ַһô֪һħ֪ˡħһ
ĵģΪǰ˵ʹͻ鷳ġ
ַʽ飬˵ӵСо£֪
ǡǾŮáоģڡоĸǿ򣬿оĴ߶ûĶ࡭
۷ʱַ磬һס
ַƽĵʲôף
áһġħһôˡһͿԽɷ֮ΪãҲˣɷ֮ǺεȵǿֻҪӵЩһ޵У
ַЦȻˡһ޵У޵ˣΪλҪҵġħһ˼ҲҲûȤף
ۣħǲݵĵˣκҶ㽻ף
۷ûΪַĻʧһ󼤶һСħһ
֪һħУΪǵˣûسħǵˣǲתʵǣκ鶼ǲģħÿ궼һصĴսǱ˴˶ѶԷϾɱȻǱ˴ϾɱܣΪûսͲнûսû׷ǵսͶ˫кôǵҲһͬĿ꣬ǳֻأ׷ĶϴҪ׷ҪϵĴս֮ȥѰҡ
ַ۷Ļƨϴϴɱ¾ôô̷Ϊ飬УǸ߸ϵģǱǵģȴҪ࣡Ҫ׷ô
۷Ц粻еĺģо仰Ӧ֪֮£Ϊϣ㵽磬ͻ֪֮⣬һжǸƣ࣬Ļһ֮Ϳһ࣡ҶԴ죡ҲֻǧǰΪǵΪ˴õĿռ䣬һУǶΪ࡭ʱȥ˾ͻףҲ㱣֤ûе֮ǰǲΪ˵ġȻ㵽˾֮ǻΪѡ
ַЦЩ飬ڵ£ΪҲֻ֪֪ҪħҪô򵥣ۣҳΪѣԶܣ
һħĳ˵Ҳַĸף㺦ϰ֣ѣô
۷ЦȲ̸ҪҡħһʲôҪ󾡹ҶӦ㣬磬ŵһҲԣ
ʦ𡭡
ŵһ񺮣ַһѵʦΪؼҶô
ŵ˺ַ֮ҸͻȻôһڴ
ô£ôɶļһһ
ַܿŵһ⣬۷Цôɱô
ЦɱûģҰѡħһһۣʧҪұɱҪͲҪˣ˵ﷶΧ֮¡
ַǺãֻҪ㽫һ񽻸ңнʥʥңһὫħһ㣡
붼û룬ɽ³֮㡣òҪˣʲôҵ㲻Щɷ֮Ҳа취˺ѿռ䣬ݾʱѷ죡
ַһ㶣Լֻһ˵ΪΪۣôˬʹӦˣ
Ȼ۷ӦַҲ˳ˮۣܽ۷ȳС壬Լһһ䣬Ȼò
ãȻӦ˻׽ʥ֮⣬ʥҲһҪɱʱԼ֣

ȥַ֮ʽ飬۷˵ǲģݻ𣿡
šȻҲ֪ҲûȻ˵϶㲻£ݾʱѷĻһħô½¾ͻռһĻӰ쵽ļռ䣬ʱӦ룬۸ô
Сٻû뵽۰ѡħһҪȻΪ˴˹Ըǧļƻַ磬Ҫô
ǣԻһС壬ǳ㡣
ǲڹ֮жֽţΪʲôˣ㽫дЩ͵ϣ۶Կ
ַҿ϶ô϶ǰ˵⹦ûһھŲ㣬ô

ϵ۷ŵֱӴҡڵĴʥء
˸ոսʥص̣ʥžŰ֣˰Χ
ʥҪ֮ʱǰӰ۾һ¾ֱˣ֮Ŀ־塣
֮ܵӰɢʱŵĻ겻塣
졭۴ˡ
۷ĿĴɨĵһϵ϶ǺôֱʣȻǧǰҰôˡ
۷ͻȻһתʥ˵ɱҵİͽŵǣ
ʥ͵һǧ㣬㵽ŵǵ۷
ǿ֣߳һıƶһ˲飡
ۡˣûе£Ҳ֪ҺŵǸΪζΪֻסŵǰһȥ⡭
ô۷ĿƳΧɱŵ֮ʱ˵ʲôԭ˵˵ˣҾҪ
Щ٣ΡΡĵ˵Ҫɱŵǣ޻ַ硭
۷ĿƳʥ˵Ҳû£Ҫͼƭң
ʥһƽѾĵʱ˵Ļ
ûУҾûһҲɱĴˡʥȻҪϡ
ǺðɣɱҵĴ˰ɣǡȥɡ
۷Ȼһȥ
ȣ
ͷֱӱһƬѪ飡
һʮתǿߣôһƾͱ͸һֻô򵥣
ŵĻ겻塣
һǿĳ̶ȣôı𵽵жǿЩǶȥ
۴ˣ
ʥͷ亹
۷һԽˣУһˡ
ˡ⡭
ʥͻȻһΪ֮ɫ
ô㲻ԸôԸҲԣҽɱ⣬Լң
ʥΣ룬֪۷ٴһĻҲԼɣϾ۷Щ˲ɿ
ʥֻܹԹԵĽװһĿռָ۷
ðɣ߰ɡ
ңˣҪȥ
ȥ˱֪
۷ֱȻʥץȥ
ʥûз㷴Ҳûãһġ

ʮַ֮ٴμ۷ŵǣʥԱߣȫ
۷ַַ磬ʥѾˣһռָԽҪĶˡ
ʥɫȻһ䣬۴ҪԼַô
ַԼл·ô
ʥȫס˵˵˿ɫһƬҰס
ַ˹Ҫ
۷Цҵݣѵ˵Ѳɣ
ַЦǧǰ˭ƭħ˭ࣿ
۷һˡ
ţеĿռָһ⣬һʮ׵צַ
С塭
Сһʬһ㣬ȫ޹⣬һƬҳɫ
ַоצûа
ûС
۷ϳһɫˮ򣬡ӡһꡣ
ַٴδ˳һ񸴻ҿû֮Ҳ㣬˭֪ûֽţ
΢Цû⣬Ը
۷еɫˮһСǴˮʳһصСüġ
֮ȫС壬ϵеɫˮըƬ
ϵ۲ûͣԼڵٵС塣
С忪ʼļѪҺѭźƽȣȫҲĶ
һ̣צȫҫϢʼա
ͻȻ͵һеγһ籩С
۷Ȼһգʮ׳ٱСһģ
ˣ𣿡
εСȫ㣬ŵǼæ߹ȥóһԼ·С崩ϡ
Сǳ۾ŵһۣ˹ȥ
ַ΢ŭۣǲʲôֽţ
۷Ϊһᶯֽôոںϣڻûһ˿Ѿܲˣ


396 
Ȼ޳ܣΪҪõĶԲС嶯ֽŵģ˵ˣԸĻԻ㽻ҪĶͲô˵ˡ˵ħһ˵ǳҪҪСҪĶ࣡
ַ룬۵ˣҪĶҸ㣡
Цãˬ죡òҪˣʲôҵʶħô½Ұ˽㣬ôͳȥҲӲҵģ
ǺǡַЦΪһôô
ڱȫĵطַɲȥ
۽ʥȫַԼϢСʥɷ֮֮С
ַýС꣬ûκַ֮罫ħһ˳ȥ
˵Ľ˳ɣ˭Ҳûκֽš
۷ӵˮ֮󣬽ݿһᣬģʱҷǼٵģһģƭҵĺ޷ܵģ
ַЦۣ´μ棬Ǿһ֮ʱ㣬ǧǰĳһᱨ
ַĵͻȻһ־Ȼİһ죬Լһܽϵ۲ڽ£
۷ЦľҪҵһַǳף磬ʱĵ̵㣬
ߣɾӵҰɣߡ
ַߺ󲻾ã۶ŵǵŵǣռѾûʲôˣһؾɡ
ŵ֪Լʧܵ£ʦѾԭԼˡ
ŵǲ֪ô£뿪ʦҪԼߣĪʧ䡣
ǰŵÿ춼ܻص磬ֻھܹңڵռ䣬ϡ˶ϣŵǧ꣬һѶûС
ʦҪԼߣԼΪʲôأ
Щ£Щˣһӡ˵ĵףԶˡ
ŵ֪Լĵַ磬ַľŵǲ֪ȥԣ
ʦѵǲԸַôַ粻Ժضǵĸ󻼣һħûгɳɱҡ֮УԶܷ
ŵ˵ĺȫһԼԸȥԸַ硣
ŵħô½
۷ַһħô׶Ըģ޷ȥĿռ䣬ǧǰռǵĲãɱһħħľսֻھ磬עģҲǲɸıģһħռǣôͲħˣ˵ֻأκ˶޷ƺյģҲ޷ŤתЩڵľ磬Ҳ
һַõҲûãһҪĳɳûаʱ䲻ᵽﶥ壡Ҫĵﶥ壬ֻھſԡԣڵħȶǲκвҪԸʱǣȥ˾ҲҲǸبŷӡҵˣҺϵҲ
ĿǰҵòһϵǸϼһҲûеõͺáҲȥԸһħڻʱЩ£ǱҪħȥæ
ŵǲ⣬ʲô£
£ΪʦԺٸ߰㣬ˡħһﻳĺħ֮壬ǻкܶҪ߰ɡ
ʦҵΪȥ
۵ǳһĨЦΪɢʥΪͿȥô
ŵһ󾪿֣ʦ𣬲Ҫ
İɣ㲻µġ

ַȥ֮С˼ƿȪˮ
С廹ûԾɴڻ֮УСèԱ߼ת
϶Сʲô£ҰԴͰ
仰϶Ǵѧġ
ְ֣С嵽û£ʲô£Ҳˡ
ְ֣취С
ˣС˶ٿ࣬һʥɱǵͷ­Ͱ

Сèû£úõչС壬ϼСġ
ССèʶʱ˾죬Դħô½֮˵ĸ
ַ翴ĳСèϲС塣
ַСȹСèԵСͼ겻
Сèǰǣûйһ档
ַϹ룬СèСһĻ˵ĺʲôأ

ݣĸҡ


ȲõھħѾµַСٻܲˡ
ַ絭Ŀһ
ʥַ֮ʱĿ֮ȫǾ֮ɫ嶼̲ס
˽ûǿȥѹһЩӦеĺº;ȫɱܷ˳


ðƵʥħڽɡ
ʥһ˵ʲôô֪оħ
۶֪£Ϊַ֪
ַЦ˵ĻôԹԵĽԼأ
ʱʥȻһ㡭ǡǡһħ
ûиô
ʥ𾪵ķֲַ˵һ㶼ӣԭȻһħ
ַǺѪħһģһʥʼʱҲǻɹַһħǺַ˱ݣɳɷ֮֮УʥΪַħ
㲻ңҿԼˡ
ʥæסҵô㣿ҽ⿪Ҳܸ㡭
ȣ
ַһƽʥɡ
ΪɵôͿٻľħ֮;ħϾϵͺˣҪҽôҪȡ㻹йô
ʥ۾һѵ㲻ɱң
ַҲɱǺ˵ˣҪĽĥ
ҾԲɱ㣬Ѷ
ʥЩƣȻ䵽ΪβɱңҪֱɱһȡôԷȻ˵ɱң
ʥѡ񣬡ãҸ㣬ӦҲɱҡ
䣬ʥüһɫâƯַǰ
ɫâĿֲһ󼤶



һ̣ħûַüģڱա
£Գˡ
һĺɫӰʥǰַתߡ
źһɱ͹ŹֵЦݣʥһֽеַ磬˵ɱҵġ
ҵȷ˵û˵˲ɱ㡭
ַճң洫ɱһĲҽ


õ˾ħַ֮翪ʼĸչأַ˽κ˶ɧԼ


þħڣͿħ򣬾ǽҪҲҪ൱ʱ䣬ַչأ
ֻҪħ򣬾ͿԸʥأ
֮ħɣַΪڵʥ壡
˵㣬ڤħǿǧ㣬Իû
ַ粢ûгأǼһ
ǰΪַΪ粻ûû֮Ȼһһ¶ľҲзǳӰ졣
ַȴͬڱ֮ʱЩ߶ַ糯֮ʱַܸܵڵ֮ҲܽЩ֮ΪУ
ַյЩֻ֮ǲȥ͹ѣΪûдﵽ磬ûԲ֪ȥӦã
ˡһͲͬˣַȫáһȥЩ֮
Ȼ˽ַġһӡˮַʱⲻӡ֮Ǹ飬͸ַ硶һַ粻Ҫַ֮ʱġһɽ
ַ統Ȼҵˡ
۷ʹáһ֮ʱַҲˣǳǿɷ֮գ
һ̫ˣѶҲǳߣַ绨ʱ䣬˵㡣
ַ֮Ҳûнչַֻѡء
ַոճ֮ͳɷ֮֮У֮ľǸɷ֮֮Ưİɫ
Ѿȥ¥գַ翴ϤˣЩ˸С
ʹáһ̽ԵպͿЩ
ɷ֮Ͳ˺ַ磬ַԷǳȫȥ̽
գ̽ͨƣֻ̣Ҫ̣Ϳȫӵ
˵ףǳѡ
ַȵһ˿ɷ֮ȥ̽ԵĹͨһ˿ɷ֮ʼʱЩַšһʩչɷ֮ͬҵ˹ޣҵ˼һ㣬ԵЩ˷ܺȸԾַ֪̽͹ͨѾɹˣ
ַɷ֮ͼȥƣһǳѵḶ́ɷַ֮Լֻһħ֮Ҳ˵λط졮ɷ󡯵λǿߵ֮
λǿ߲˾Ѿصǵ棬ҪȻЩɷ֮Ϊ˿Ƶ
ַʱɷ֮пƣַԲ񣡵ַȴô
֮ǵӵеֻܴ꣬޷ڵ
ַ޷Լȥ㽣ҲУ
ַڵǳ֮֮еǽĹͣ
ַԼУΪַ绹ûдﵽ־磡
ַЩƣԼЩȴ޷߻ʹЩ
һޱȱ£
мţȡҲߣˡ
ַ绨һһҹʱ䣬ѾȭͷСһɷ֮ɷ֮ǿַǳ⣬˿ǰһַҲĽڤħٶȼɷ֮ɱ
ȴߡ
ַͻȻ۾һСٻɷܷ֮ܲŽǬ
Сٻ²УΪʵƣҴǬڲرյĻ㽫û⣬ΪѹƣҹرǬͻʧȥϵôͻʧȥƣȻҵǬֱײʱ򣬰Ǭһжݻ٣
ôأ
ַ˼Ҳûʲô취Ǭﰲأ
ܰѱеɷ֮װǬĻٺ١
СٻܰװǬͿԣǲܵģ
ΪʲôܣǬĻ±ݣ԰ɣ
СٻСռĹ֮´ڣǬĹһ㶼ͬװȥֹͻų⣬ǬĶֻ㴴Ķƶſԣ֮ǰλɽʱԼɽĿռĺҵ޼΢ĵһ¹򣬾ͳΪҵĶˡ˶֮ʱԽת٣Ǭﶯ֣ʥһܽǬеĹƣҾͻᱬǣǬĹǿռĹ˳Ĵռȡռͻ
ַˣһӰǬǬĹѹƺͿӵĴڣҪһɽȥǬĹѹƲס
ܽݰȥǸħô½Ŀռͻᱻƣռħô½
Сٻַɷ֮ǬɡַˣͨģȻǬգַɿԸܵǬĶȻԿɷ֮


397 ɷɷں
Сٻ΢ŭСţôҪһɷ֮΢֣ҵĹͻֱӽҴݻ٣㿴ݵɷ֮ʱ޿̵ڷתаֵ𣿡
ߵԹзǳǿĸӦݵɷ֮ǧǹԹԵĴڱݣΪʲôȥĵطΪʲôȥĶΪЩɷ֪֮ȫĻͻռռǿҲᱻʱѷңСٻµģֳַ˺ɷ֮һɷ֮ڷ֮һȥ
Сٻϻһɷ֮ڷ֮һ϶Ҳ˺û˺ĻҵĹѹ֮£ǿ϶ԹԵģ
ѡѹƣַ罫Ǭܿôһɷ֮Ļܳɹ
Сٻ룬̽ҲûʲôףǴӦˡ
ַ翪ʼսĻСķֻһɷ֮ڷ֮һǬַǬһֱ
СٻرǬ
Ǭַ֮Ǭǳַ֣ĿƷΧ֮ڡ
ȻַҪ۲ܾһĴ㡣
Ȼʮӹɷ֮ʼˣַɷ֮֮иܵһּ˷ַܵĿƣ
顢Сٻַͨģ˶ܵ
ַ磬ſʲô
ַſ
ɷ֮ʼǬĶ߿ٷȥ
ΪŨܵĵطҲȪ֮ء
ɷֱ֮ӷɵȪϷͣȪϿ˷ܵķԾţַƺһϢǳϲ
ַ罫ɷ֮۲һһҹ֮ûзʲô쳣ɷ֮ϲȪҷǳ֡
ַֿ֮˼˿ɷ֮ǬЩɷ֮͵һɷ֮һȪˡ
ȻĲˣǿ϶ǲеģַҪս֮ʱõЩɷ֮
ԣǬٴδ򿪣ַŽЩɷ֮ȥЩɷ֮ǳ·ַ˼ַǬûκεķ
ַֽЩɷ֮ͽǬְֵĴǬ
һƻǳĳɹ
Щɷ֮ħ֮ǰǷǳߣȫʲôЩɷ֮ǳ򵥣ϲȪ
ĻַСٻǳͬ
һƻ
Сٻʱ˹Щɷ֮ռĹΧﱣŰȫľ룬ƺѾףڵûа취ƻռĹ򣬵Żǵ࣬Ҷ߹ɿռ
ַһǬͽֻɷ֮ܿ죬ɷ֮Сٻٽ㡣
Щɷ֮ƺַͼ˷ɢƺڸַ磺ǲƻƽ⣬ϲ
棬ҲΪѵһַ̣һ˿ɷ֮Ǭͣһ˿ͽȥֺ֮ɷ֮һֻҪһ¹Ǭ飡ǬַǬ飬ַҲ
ַĶͷ亹ȫɷ֮֮𽥵ɿ
˿ɷ֮ɷ֮֮ҲȪַ֮ʮ˿ɷۣ֮ѱЩɷ֮һڳɹˣ
ַ绨ʱŽͷ˿ôһ˿ɷ֮ͽǬ
ֹ۲ʮ֮ûʲôַⷢ׼Ǭɷ֮
ȻҲһһĽУͷ˿Сһ˿ͽȥַ֮Ŀ֮£һ˼˿ַ֮翪ʼָϸɷ֮󻻳ȭͷСɷ֮
һ֮Ǭװɷ֮ڱݵɷ֮ţһëһ㣡
װˣװ޷ˣ͸˽ȥֱӱɷ֮ɱˣʱǶҪ
ַСٻοǬ
СٻĵǬΪߵнչûа취ˣȻһַѹ֮ѹһûǸ£ΪЩҲֻƵûа취ѹ
ݣôɷ֮Ҫ˷
ַеɷ֮ߣ
Ȼûа취Щɷ֮а취
ַԼ˼Ǭ֮еɷַ֮ܵЩɷ֮໥֮䴫Ϣڽһ㡣
֮Ľǳ죬ֻһ˲ʱ䣬еɷ֮ͻȻѸٵĿ£ۣ໥գںϣɣʱ׳ʱС
ַ翴ɵˣַ֪ѹںϣ
ҲǾ̾ɷ֮ǰһһλĴ񣡾Ȼܽ˸ߵǣÿ˿ƺԼǣǿЩɷ֮ںϺѹ˿һ㣬ôѭԼ·ߣȶңЩѾϰһ㣬׾١
Ҹұ֤λѾ˴˵֮еľ磡Ѿľ磡Ѿƿصľ磡
ַ粻ʵʲôʲôƿأ
λԵˣȥתȥֻҪ˳УڵܵͻᱣˣһȶЧʵɱˣҿ۷ÿӵбȫʶֱӿԴ۵۵ķҲ˰ɣǳģֻһӰ񣬾۳Σ˵ÿһ˿ԴֵľˣѾѾȻںϣĴܣ
룬ǧ۳ÿô˭Ķ֣ƿأҲ˵ﶼԻΪ
ССٻͬĵСţҲ˵̫˰ɣǰħҲû־ɣ㴴¼ļļûɣ
֪ʲôĴǰۺϵʺħ˵ǰһܣħԷһжסħλܣһжȫѹƣλ˵ˣǵľ֮ϣкܶǿߡ
Сٻĵš
㰮Ųš
СٻͽֳһȻַ粻̫ŽĻǱʶﻹͬĻ
СٻûûˣͻȻͬһʱֹͣ
˶һΪǬеɷ֮ȫѹںϣһͷ˿ϸѪɫ
ܵĿֲСٻ𾪲ѡ
ַָоҪɱԼĻһӴͻᱻɱ
ַͼʺɫɷ֮ɷַ֮֮ܵ󣬹ԹַĵǬ
ַ罫ɷ֮װǬЩѪɫġָ֮£ʼںϣѹ
ַ翪ʼѵĹ̡
ʮַ֮ڽеɷ֮ƣ
еɷ֮ǧʺɫƯǬϿա
ǬһƬѪ⣡
ڽݵɷ֮ƣַһ󼤶
ַѧϰɷ֮ĹҲΪѵһڡ
һʼʱַٻһֵɷ֮ΧԼ߰׷Բַ޷Щɷ֮
Щɷ֮˱ѱĸһƾַΪΪѾʧȥ˹ԣƾַʹǶһⲻַ˼һ㡣
Ϊ磬Щ֮ڵĻ϶ɿЩЩȻˣûа취ȥʹãͺӵһѵӵЩӵܴɱܶˣûǹЩӵû˹ԣе㲻ǡ֮˼
СٻʵȱʹЩýѣӵţͿԿǹɱˣʹԼΪý飬Щɷ֮ʹóȥ
ַ罫еɷ֮ջǬͷų򣬶Žɷ֮ں򣬵Ǹոյһ˿ɷ֮֮Уɷ֮໥һ㣡
ֵַʧܡ
ħֵַɷ֮ħ֮ĺħֵɱҺַԶҪȻԱˣ
ַ֮ڵɫ̫ͼֻʣһɷ֮
ɷ֮ҲħַԿʼûпǵɷ֮Ϊɷ֮ǿ
ַܵľٶæ𣡡һ͡ħһǰ񣬺ħ棬ħ˫ݻ߻ħֻд˵֮еġħ֮塯ſͬʱħȻͬҲҪСΪϣҲ˵߿ͬޣҪﵽſԣ˲Žһӡˮȵ㾳絽ħںϣ㲻ô
Сٻʲôֲںϣںϣֳһ˿̽һ£ˣ
˼ѽЩԼֻõĹһ㣬ֻҪڣ˺ǵġ
ַһ˿ɷ֮֮ɷ֮ɷ֮ͻȻƽĽһ
Ȼʲô
ַҸ֮ʱɷ֮ɢɷ֮ͲṥңҴݳһ˷ܵĸоûںϹЩȻǿкܸߵǣҪ˵ȥָӣҲϢںϣԶںϣһϢںϣ
Сٻ˼Ҳ˽⡣
ַ飬Сٻػסҵ꣬Žں֮ս꣡
Сٻͬʱ󾪣Ҫ꣬Լ֮󣬴ӵ꣬ɷ֮ûб꣡
ַһҧô֪ðôܳɹҷźǽҲܵˣûдﷴԵϢ˵ԣɷ֮ħ֮ǰ϶ĳﶨӣǶǳϤԲ˺ңЩôߣ֪ȥô
Сٻæַ磬Ҳ֪ÿ˵ĵطһֻҪ΢һ˾ͻɰ׳ջ걬㽫ôǿ꣬Һͽػס꣡ʧܣ˶ҷ𣡡
ַǾңһħдôģѵΪԼչôҾˡ
Ҫ
ǧ𡭡
ַ粻˽СٻֹڽСٻľս֮£ַһ˿ں֮ɷ֮͵ɷ֮ûԼüġ
ɹˡ
ַǳ˷ܣֻҪԼ꣬ôͿ
˶֪ɷ֮͵ɷ֮Ľϣħֻ֮ħ֮彫һ͡ħһھŲ֮ܽɾ
ĹֻھŲ֮Ż


398 ǳ֮
ַ粻ħ֮壬ħ֮壬ǧ֮жѰһַȴħ壬ǳ֮ġԴ塯ַһħ֮壡
ǣħ֮壬Ҫһ͡ħһ߾磬ûаʱ䶼
ЩɾΪ֮ܵÿ˶Ǿ£֮Ľħ֮ϣΪܣ
ȻЩԼ֮ںħַ֮һûںϣ
ǰ޹˺ߣ
Ϊһ޷ֲͬͬһʱںϣַҲУַԽ
ַǬħ䣬ʼѧϰʹõʱҪַܺʹó
һߣ޷ͬʱȻ෴Ͳͬ߻ħ
ףôʧˣʲô
ַ˷֮ܲʱֳ֮ħ֮һСС̫ͼ̫ͼһ˲ʧӰ٣ַҲܲ
ͬʱַһִԼʲôʲôо
ޱ𾪵ĵҸܵһϢϢȻԴϢҪǿǧ򱶣ָоһŶ
СٻҲĸоͬʱҿ˳ַ֮ڵˡʧ
ͻȻСٻûзַ֣󣿡
ûаСٻͣһ£ЩȵļҸܵˣַǶܲж󣬶˵ޱ޼ˣûпĵطڿǳ΢Сϸоо
ٺЦǾûҸߣܲ
˿ַ̣ҲоԼûпĵطڽĿ⵽ʲô
ַںһ˿ħ֮Լꡣ
ȥͷһһص̫ͼ֮ʧַϸϸĸоԼûп֮ڼٿ
ַϲ֮£֮ڵһĵɷ֮ɷ֮ϡ
ΣַͻȻǿҵĸܵһƬĻ֪ݣǧ濪ʼʼֵ𡭡
ַƺܵһĴ죬Ľ֮ɱпʼ˥ߣֱеһжʱѷ졭
Щֻ˲ַƺ沶׽ʲôֺʲôо
龪е֪ˣַ磬ǴӡСޡ
ʲô
ЩĵǰǸ˵ô߾ǡС͡ޡȻħλĴܿе֪ģʲôҲ֪ǰҲ²
Сٻ˵˵ˣԣӷŵĸ֮Ƕ粻Ӧø򵽵Ķ
ַ罫ǧɷ֮ȫ͵ɷ֮ںϣ֮֮ħ֮ȫʧַܵԼûпĵطڼ
ַһֱûֹͣеɷ֮ȫַ֮緢֣֮ʣĵɷ֮ʼҲһƬޡ
Ҳ֮֮ɢ
ַֻ֮ʣµһɧ֮ºҪ漴Ĵַ֮ڡ
ַޱ޼ʵ꣬ãã֮еһˮһԵôС
ħֽĲĳѹţ
ħֵƺҪصǹɢһبϵϢֱħֲ
ַ֮о֮ħִ֮ĶƵĻعڵ͵ڱ˽֮һħִһ
ʲô
顢Сٻַ˶Ŀڴ֪ʲô
ѵʮŬ׷ô
ַо֮֮⣬տҲ
˲֮ʱַǳ֮صħ֮˳ǹ˲ַַ꣬о֮һ̹һ̣ħ֮ͻȻһƲɵֱӽǳַ֮֮ˣ
ħ֮ڸǳ֮ӵĵ̣ҳȥ
ǳ֮ƺҪħ֮ǿֻܰħ֮˼ַ꣬ʶȥ
ǳֱַ֮Ѩλ֫ٺٽǿ𽥵ķֽ⣬ַա
ַ壬յеǳ֮ô
Ȼܣ
ַоһ̹֮ǹ㣬һıʯһ㣬ռ䣬ַһֱǳ֮ĸ֮Уȴûз֣һСֵǳַ֮⣬ȥǳ֮ٷ֮ʮϾͻʧڿռ䣬ɢããǿա
ٴҪӵǳ֮Ѷȱɱϵۻѣǿģ
鼱ˣȣַ磬һ֣ǳ֮Ѿ壡
ɡ
ַ緢ԣȣɣ
ֱַӷǳ֮ɶȥ˶ķ֣ɵǳ֮ղˣ
ַѾǳ֮ϣ˿ַѾǶ壬Ҳղ˰ǳ֮
ַ޷ƣļ٣
СٻͻȻȻǳ֮Ҫڿռ䣬ôҵĿռԴʺκοռĴڣ㣡
ַѾ۵ĲУҪɿǳ֮Ѷ̫ˣͲ˿ԿƵģǳ֮ǳӦַ壬˸ͿƲס
СٻǬ˲䣬һɹɵǳֱ֮ӱ˽ȥ
֮СٻǬڣͻȻоһֱ˹ȥ
ַ翴ǳ֮ϲԣĿռ䣬ǹֱǬ˷δĻ֮˹ȥ
ǳ֮ռ䣬ôһ֮£Сٻ飡
ǳ֮ǱԴȻƵķǳãռ˲ͱǧ࣬ǳ֮˵ǹʧ˱ɫա
ַ磬ǬչһأѾǳ֮壡£߽鶼˲ˣ
ַ粻ʵҸоԼʱ֮ǰǿʲôǳ֮壿
˿ַ̣ƤӨ͸һ࣬ڵκ֯γһְ͸״ʺɫѪҺûбǳ֮ı֮⣬ĵطǳ֮ȫ죡
Щĵǳ֮Դ֮һԴ壬֮ħ֮嶼ҪǿǧٱԴؼǾͿԴֱӳɾϴǺʹ˵֮еħ֮һȼʣǳ֮ҲǱǳ֮ѣԺҪһĽֻҪǬǳ֮ȫˣ¾ǳ֮岻Զˡ
ַһľϲǺܿ죬ֽпΪǿħ֮ʼȽСٻ
赽ʲô
СٻһǿϢѣͽѸתƣַĵ
һĺ£ʲôҪҺСٻʧǧˡ
СٻҲǾֲѣֻ֪о˿ֲ˵ôֲϢ
Σַʲôûио
ħ֮ƺֹĿַַ꣬ȥǿƲˣ
ַ粻֪Ѿǡһ͡ħһŲϵϣַŽؼ㣬мȫǶ̽ءͺһһ㣬иͷһβûй̣
һжַ޷Ƶģ
ַǶ壬ʶҲ޵ǿ󣬵ȴӦľ
ַͻȻоڵѾԼħֵص
⵽Ǻǻ
ַͽ顢Сٻо˺þãû˿
ַܶõֻ͵һħֱĵʥתĽ
˵αչأַȫʧȥ򣬵˱ɷ֮ޱȵǿ
СٻͽԹԵĴַĵ˶ѣط̫Σˣַ絤ﱻ٣Ҳ군
ǴʱСٻûκΰ취ѾǸޱȰԵռĵ̣Ҫǲˡ
óˡ
飬ұչضˡ
ʮˡ
ַãȻһʲôʮꣿ
ַһΪꡣ
ַʶһΣַ緢Լʶħô½ħô½κεطγһַֻԺκεطκϸڶԿ
찡
飬ʲô
Сٻֱַܵ𾪵˵
Щĵħ˵Ҳûôǿ󣬿ǵջ̫ˣֻҪľͻʮת֮ϣʱͿڻڱǹʱ򡭡
鲻ȥˣַ֮ڵǶǿ϶ǰħǿĲֹһΣ
Сٻʱ˵صǳ֮ˣΪʲôѵǳ֮
ҲжϳԴַӵ֮Ϳʼ޵ĽҲûоͷ˭Ҳ֪֮мܣҲһĳ̶ȣȻ֪ˡ
ַͻȻһִչڴ֮еĻ棬ԷǷǳļҪﾲֹĳ̶ȣ
ִƺѾʼʵ
ַһڸĸоַ֪ʱ
ַ罫һȥֹͣʱ֮ǰշ֮ĶС
ͺַ翴һڰᶫӾͿ԰ַ꣬ʹʱӣ
ַֹͣʱǽĶ
ַ룬ܵȥˣ
ֳʱûб䣬ַԼӦʱˣ
ַһϲԼʱ֮СĹ
ǰַաĹַԼĶȴûб䣡ڣַȫԿԼڡĹ

ַ֮󣬷ѾˣѾһƬء
ַչصĵط֮ǰɷ֮϶ˣǧ֮ϣĵطһʶ޷
ɫĹƯַǳ⣬Լɷ֮⹬ӦõȥŶԣΪʲô
ʱַŷ֣ԼƣƯǧ׸߿յƽ֮ϡ
˵ĵ̣ڣַ˹о˵Ĺһ㡭
ַ֮󣬽Ĺر˹Ĵţڤħ𣬷¡
ʶһѾ֪ħô½
ַʶѰԼֵܣԼսѣԼѡ
ַں˷ʲô⣬ַĲԭԼ
ַһ֮£ֺĪơСѩСèС塢¡ʥ߰ʥʥر֮еһС֮ϡ
ַЦЦطԺܰȫ
˶û£ַڷˣԼڱļǧ϶Ѿȫûˡ


399 ħ
ַЩȻڱչ֮ʱȡɷַ֮ûô࣬ڣȴԤϵĽ
ԼһִĶȴΪԼ
һʼַ֮ʱоɨ磬ʵ֮дַ֮оԼܶѪǿѾûжôˡ
ûôϾַԼȴڱչ֮ʱ֮£Ļ
Լ죿Լ
뵽ַԺͻȻ˷ǶθĳʼԼ𡭡
ַָʲô˵鱾翡
飬Сٻ½Ѿħô½ƣԴҽݵɷ֮֮½Ҳʧˡ
ȻСèǶû£ôȥԸʥص˰ɣڵѾǳ֮壬ռû˵ġڵʶǿʱټҵħ򣬻ڤħٶȣɱʲô¡
СٻҲûȸ˱֮ʣµ¡½ȫʥصĿ֮£νֻҪܽʥػ𣬵оûȻƣ
һ뵽齻ַ֣ʱųٶȶϣַһ£ȥɱŰ飬ַое췽ҹ̷ĸо
ַܾȺֵܺսǻͣ´ӳ飬Сٻȴַһ˵ǹƥж
ַһ˵ȥԿʥص飿аôǿɶǸ߽飡
ЦȻԣΪչضʮǰװױչôǰ飬ֻбӵķݣڲͬˣȻҲʱ㷽ŵʱ򣬺սûκģ
СٻҲЦţ֪ʲôҪȺͺǻͣ˽һ¾ƺһ㣬뷨ûдԼʵ͵˵ʵ൱߼ʵڵзʵ֮ʱǵȻҪСΪӪκ鶼ҪȫĿǣϸսƻܶһ裬ȻǺáĿǰǿȫƾһ֮ˣھԵ֮£κıƺ㻰ǶģѵһȺϻҪȥⶨƻô
ַ˼СٻڶԼʵ˿϶
ַͽСٻһᣬͬ˽Сٻľ
ַѪ֮еŮ派ѪϵСѩǿ쳷СҪʥأ
ʱսӿ֣϶һֵĿռַɲСѩЩڵĵ챻ʱѷ֮С
СѩַܵϢ֮һ˷ܡ
ʮˣַڳˣ
ַСѩŮ派ѪһСѩַ˼ˡ
ڵַʵĴŴѸٳ룡
ʮСѩûϵַ硣
ַڱչ֮ʱԸˣκ˶ֱܴأСѩСèûϵַ硣
ݱʥػ֮ʱҲûϵַ磬ΪҶַ֪Ϊֻʥ磬ַҲʲô⡣
ַ˵쵼ߣԣҲϣַʲô£
ԣһԵˣͬʱҲڵȴַء
ַһ˴ʥء
ʥص˲࣬ȫǸ߽ʥϵǿߡ
ʥʮ˰࣬ʥе
ԴӹһַץԺʥص˾Թ½
ʱ½ɱʣµЩסܶѡ˳踺Ѱһٱڶ̶̵İ֮ھȫռ˶½
ʱɷ֮ı֮УʥصԸַ磬û˿취
󣬱ݵɷ֮ʼϡ֮һ룬ʱ򣬱ݸѾ׷ױ򿪣ʥصںͱݿս
ʼʱݣǱݸڶж󷨰ѳ֣һ򵱹Ī
˲أ޷Ʊݣ
֮ʥɳһ֣ƿ˱ݵķɱ˱ݡ
Ͽյɷ֮ȻѾʧһ룬ǹɷ֮Щǵס
ʥһսɷ֮Ͱλͬھ
һսǳңɽΪƽأݱƻϿȣ
һս֮ʥصûдݵע⣬Ҳ֪ݵɷ֮ڽϡڵɷ֮ʧһ졭
ݵ˿ɷ֮ʧҲΪֻץʱ䣬Ϊ
Ҳø󷨼ӳֱݵķֶװʵ½ĸ֡
ûõģ˶֪һɷ֮ʧһɱݾ֮ʱ
ûܣûߣ˶Ǳݵľǲߣ׿ⷽ治˵½ƣӵﶼһʥؾһս
ʮ֮ɷ֮ȫʧ
ڱɷ֮ȫʧ֮ʥȫ
֮£Ϊϣһ仰ڱݴս֮쾡£
ٸ߽飬㱱мǧǿݻ֮£ֻܻ
ǿըķ飬еĴʦɱĶһòϣȻΪЩʦʲôüֵ
Ƶ֮ʱ鱬飬Ķصصӡӵص׳
ֳϵóʦ
ԭʦûзѡ˳˯
ʱס飬ĺը֮£ʦҲҷ𡭡
һսֱħô½֮Ưƣ֮һĺʧ
ĪƵҪʥصƴһս֮ʱ½ڴѾĥİֻʣһʥ˳
ʱûɱʥʵ飬˼¶ͨ˵϶ܲˣʥΪһ߽Զѡ
ʱʥȴ˵ľݡ
ҲҺúûɱʥҪȻ˶
ǵʥڵʥصֻգ
Ҳʣʮ˶ѣ֮ʥص˺ǿ߲ϵͻ֮£᧿Σʮ˱ˡ
ֻѡܣӵʥرһƫƧС
λڿռȱڱԵ
ʹռֱӾͻرôǵʥ˺Сͻرʱѷ죡
ԣʥصֻܰмЩˣҶ֡
ڣʥǹ塢ơ
ҲɵĵˣһݣϴһɵҲã˳һ
ǲܣʱԼͱϵѾκδ۶ҪϴȳҪһ֣
ɱϴϴʱ߱ĻҲһ
Ҫ׽һ̫ˣԷƼˣԷֱɱһգ
ߣΪʮ֮һԼķһħ׽ȥⱾһֳ裡ڣԼķȻʱ޿̶ڳܵĥ
ڣʥصַǱʵİٱϣԼķȲǹһͷײˣ

ַ紳ʥأûаǿߵϢڤħѾס˰Χַʥ
ַ磡
ԣЩʥǶѾϳַ磬Ƕҳ֣׿ַʵ˵һħͷŵЩˣ
ٶʥַҲҴ⣬ֱʹʱ
ʱ֮£ЩʥĶĸţһ

֮һ޾ʥϯȥ
ʱ֮£ַ翴ʥûü֣֮׷׶ȡǵ
ʥĶţһַĳٶȺѾռʱ䣡
ַٶȲ

ַһ·ɱֱɵʥģһʱ䶼ûõʥѪ֮У˵걻ո
ɱڼ䣬ֵַķ֣ԼͽһתȴûռĹ
һ㣬СٻҲ֪ô£ֻ˵Ѿﵽĳ֮ƽ⣡
һֻҪƽ⣬Ͳƻôôƽأ
ѵַ֮ڵã
Ҷ벻ףֻ뵽ǿħ֮ϡ
˼ĵӦģ򵱳ص֮ʧڿʮŰ˾ǺˣΪֻܴﵽƽ⣡Ȼ֪ôȥϣֻܽ
СٻҲСŷû֮ڵǴڵģܻʧ֮У㵱ɱһںϣֻɱںܸоҲܿںϣǹصãûзֶѡ
ɱʥַһԶħһƯʥĵϿգŰ˰˷ַΧ
ʥصַ֪ΪߣΪһħû˸Сַ磡
ңַʧ˶ʮ꣬ʮû֪ȥһ˴ʥأûģûԷȣԴˣ
ֻ֤һ㣬ַѾ˶Կʥصʵ
ַĿⶢұչ֮գǾȻұݣɱǱǧˣ죬ҾЩ˼ȥǧ꣡
ŭԲѣȻǾͳȫ㣡ҪΪһħǾ㣡죬Զܷ
ַ粻ڶԣһЦɱȥ
ħ㣡
ħ򣡡
޾İϢַǧ׷Χ֮ڰ
ȻǽȻַĵͷ֮ͷһĿ죡ȫɽͷţַֻȥƶѡ
ħһһƽһ֡
ħΨһܿ
κйħ򶼻ʧЧ
ַ翪ʼʱûʱ򣬶һħ
ַӶڤħķȥ
ڤħٶȣѾһ߽ٶȣٶ޼Ҫϼ֣
ַߵʮλֱʹַȥ
Ȼûжַ֣ľ̫˳֣˵Լˣ
ֱַЩ˵Ĺķֱķȥ
˻˻
еĹħ֮󣬲ûдݻַ򣬷ʹַӵ׳ʵ
ǵĹȫַɣ
ʲô
ɫҰףħħ򣡿쳷
Щ鶼ǧǰμӹħս飬Ȼʶħĵһ
ܣ
ַʱķȥ
ٶȷǳ죬ʱ֮£ַоǵٶȺһٶûʲô

һԱʮѾַ֮£֮ɡ
Ŷ
ַΪʱ֮£ÿιṥڵڲԼͻϮ˸޼Ѱַ绹ûɱ
ĹֻһתЩǾתʮתǿߣǷǳǿģЩ鶼Ǹ飬ûǵҲû飬ħҲֻķݡ


400 һ·ɱ
ַʵʲô飿
СٻǺǡǲһģ˾磬֪ʲôˣǰЩЩʲôǡ
ַ֪ÿռ䶼ƣгƵǿߣҲǿߣǲܳռġ֣ռϢܲסͻᱬ飡
循ֵ֮У˷ɢ
ħǧǰûۼ֪ħ֮µǧƣ
ַЦܣǺǡ
ַʶ࣬ûһʶÿһ飡ħô½ַʶ֮£ӣ
ӵĽһģ
ַڤħٶȣҪ׷Щǳ򵥣
ǣַ֮俪ʼɱϷ
ʱ򣡡
ַٶֻٶȣַٶȣת˼Ȧ񶼱ַնɱ
ֲַѣǸ㲻ǣַɱЩʱ򣬺Щ鶼ûгֱ֣ӱַ籬ͷ
ԽԽ£ֻͷܡ
Ҫˣ
ַͻȻͬʱתͷǿޱȵŷַķ
͵Ϯ
ַһ
ǹħĿǣСˣ
ַЦС˼
ַȥħ򣬼ȻԹЧַɴ಻á
ȻȻǿ󣬶ַ粢ûзϡ
ԼѾǳ֮壬ַʵһǳ֮ǿ
ַرʱƾĹԼϣ
䣡
纣һ٣ȫһ˿ĺַϡ
ַûκηͱֱӳеĹ
䣡䣡
һĺըըַĤֱַۣӱһδεĺԶ
ַرʱ֮ĳٶȳ죬ַĴԶӦ
һ֮󣬿ַ类ɣԽӶһֱַӿȥҪַûдͻĻᣬһٽַɱ
ַڳһδεĹϳЩ͸Ƶģûһ㷴Ӧ
˿ַ̣֪ǳ֮жǿ
ַһֱûл֣ڵþһ̡
ַ֪ʵ飬϶
һʱѹѾΣǿַֻһδεǵĺ֮ڿеˣȴûпַκεƣ
˿̣Ѿ˴һ
еô£Ϊ˲ַ磿
ͷĹַͣ練ˣԣֻڲͣĹ֮£ַûдϢĻᣬѰҳ·
ǣ˰Ҳûʲôð취ɱַ磬ӵĻַٶȱǿ죬·ӣ
˶ޱȱǧǰռ䣬һַҲɱ
ռϡռʺ츳ҲǳǧǰѡĶõˣЩʼ޷ڶ̶̵ǧʱܳ
ǷҲֻǷССһ˿ûûҪӵǰǿǲܵģ
ʱַ磬ΣҪʲôҶԴӦ㣡
ַЦǵı֪֮󣬻ǻĨɱǣԣҴͰɡ
弱æǣǿԸʥˮ֮󣬾Ϳ
ַħʲôƨ


ʱַ磬ʥˮǺö½ʱǵõһ顷ֻҪ˹ʥˮͿʱõ˵߽ھħĻħ߲㣬зǳİ
ַƣҷǣ
Ҫ˶ȻɱǾͺãԼĵˣǧʲôá
СٻЦСţ޳ܡ
弱ַ磬ˮԸʣ㲻еԱͣ׿ƣ񱩣
ַ˼״ˮҲ˵ǹϱðɣֻҪҼʮҾ
һϲֹͣ˹ַڿңң
漴ǳüʮȥôࣿ
弱æЦַˣǧǰǱ֮ʱֻʮƿˮʮƿֻжʮƿѣû˵ôࡣʣһ£ƿ㹻ˡ
ô٣ַƲͣˣپ٣ǰʥˮңҾͷǡ
ִˣģǲ㡣
ַЦŶǿҪ֪ǵƶԹҿЧġ
֪ԼԣֻҪɱǾͺá
ԼģߵԣֻҪΥԣͻܵѹƣ飡
ַ룬ģַԼģԲɱǣ
һԼַԼغϣַΥԣԼҲʱЧ
£ˣó˶ʮƿʥˮַ磬ַ¡
׼ߣַЦȵȣȱߣƭңеĹʥˮɣ
Щ֣ô֪ƭ㣿
˵ʮƿʮƿʣ¶ʮƿǴأѵǴ罫ʣµĹʥˮ𣿱ϻóɣ
ЦƭôѾԣ
ַûзϻֱӳ֡
ʱ򣡡
һ̣ȫħѾ˵ǰ
˴󾪣Ǹû뵽ַٶ֮죡Ĳ˼飡˸ûиоַƶַôܳߣһǵҪʮʱ䣡
˶оʱһʱ䶼ûУ
ôܣ
ѵǻþȴ񾳽ֻþȻܣ˶󣡵û˿󷨸Ӧ
һб޷ȥͣ
ַ翴ĿڴʧӣϹһĨЦ
һ㵵ĵַ磬ңôģǿҲô̵ʱңұҪңҲҪʱ䣬ҲܸӦ㷽ſˣûʱļʱֹͣһֻһ֣ʧһʱǣ
ķʶԨһ˵ص㡣
˺һ㶼Լǹ⡣
ַ絭ĵΪһôʥˮҪǵ
޿ֵĵɱɱǿΥԣ
ֱַӻӶžħұۿһʱѪ׷ɡ
ַ硭㡭
һֻ첲Ը߽˵ʲôַǵʹ졣
ǲɱĥΥ԰ɣٲҾͷǵĹǱһͨˣӦúܺɣٰǽ̸ãҲ֪öģ
һëȻڲַ֪粻Ź
ַ磬޳ܣֱˣ
ַЦҲˣӦ֪ħɱҵֵˣǻ˱ݣɱǼǧˣɱ½飬һô
뵽ַɱѶȻǲȥɣ
ħһķ飬֮ոꡣ
忴ħһַ磬㡭ܡΥԡԼôûзӦ
ȻǽɱģַɶϵԼã
ǰɣߡ
ַʶһ򺮱Ȱ˵ķȥ
ʱ֮ڿˡ
硭
ǰǻͺ£ԣٶ֮ģ
ְ֡
硭
ַ硭
ҿַ磬һĻϲһ󼤶
ַвȱٵĴڣֻҪַڣ˲ܽܵŽһ
£Ƿ͸ȥ֮оɡ
⻰ĳ嶯֮ÿ춼ֶܸصĴݲУˡ
˵ַĻַ籧õĺýýַһ¡
ϲַŮ֮УҲֻкÿμַôȻĺַӵַһ£ַҲʾܡ
ϲַ磬һݣַãСʱ򼸺ÿ춼ַĻ˯˯֮ǰһַ硣ԣַ磬һַ磬ַҲûиоʲôס
СѩͲôˣ˶һ⡣
ַ绳СèСèַһְܱ֣㡭
ȻŮһ
һСѩһҲ˽ַĻ
ַȻȻЩȻĽСѩס
Сѩݺݵַšһѣ֮Žַɿ
ַƣ˭˭ˣ
𿴵Сѩ˵ַ绳Щ֮⣬Ҳʾ֮Ҳ˵ַ绳
ַıЦ÷ǳʣֲֻ֪ˡ
ϸӬַߵôһŮұ㱧ˣҵĻҸû꣡
ַᣬֻܽ𱧽

磬߳Աġ
ַ罫ʥرϢˣԶоһɡ
ʣµľǽĹħ˸ϳ½
Сѩǵ飬ڶ½ĵо֮УʮλħоλʥѾЩ˶ǵĶ֣ǿ׾ٵĽǲ
ַͷҪСЩ֮ǰǸļѾ֪¿ռˣǹĽ̻ʿҶԸҾ·˶ԸħᣬȥԸ
֮󣬴Ѿⶨ˼ƻ
ڶ½פȫնɱһ
ַʶһйˣͷɵַĵˣᱻ֮ո꣡
ʱ֮£ַܵס
һС塢СèСѩ˿·һ·ʩĪȡ˵ľνһ·ɱ
֮½ڶ½һǧפѾɱĸɸɾ
˲ûֹͣħצ½
½һ·ɱ
֮£Ϊϣ
ܲħַ֪ܲɱ˹˫߲ڵ˵ɱûκαʾ
ʥѾַ˿⣿
˫߲棬ַ˺ͽ⡣
ͽ⣿ͽƨ
Ƕ½ʱôǵ˺ͽ⣿½ʮϵǵ֮£Ҫͽ⣿
ַ翴̸е飬֪ǵͼֱ֮ӽɱ
ַĸʱ䣬ǽ½ֲȫݻ٣Ȼַ֮ǰ˶ˣǵܲУ
ַһ㶼ģڵʵ½˶ϣ
ħܲҲǨƵ˹ˣ
ַ֮ͺ˻ͣ׼һս
˫֮ʬҰѪɺӣ
˫ɱ֮˶ʮϣ
ҪɱˣһУûԵ񾳽ͿԽһСͳл
һɱʮҲٻ£
һУҲ޾Ĵݻ޼


 ħ½ 


401 ռ
ս֮½Ϊ仰쾡£
ɱجΣ
½ٷ֮أݻٹĵط֮ڴݲʩĵط죬ܶطΪ˽أԶлˡ
ħô½ĺѾݻٵʣ˰ٷ֮ʮҡ
Ȼַߵˣʣʥڰɱ֮Ҳ˴
ɱ񣬵ҪʥͬھĻǷǳ򵥣о֮ҲзǳʱҪԼȻ񱣻ʱ˵Ӵһע⣬ͻᱻлɳˡ
ڼ䣬ʥߣк˶ܹˣ˲̶ͬȵܹˣȪˮڣһƶɽ
ʥһͷŵĻɱһ񣬵ֻϵģΪʶһſͻ̽⵽˵ĶʥȥΧһ񣬻ܣʥûγɰΧȦˣѾʥɱһˡ
ַһһװ˵ĴƷʥͻϮɱ
ǵûƷ

ܲΧ﷽ԲѾפǧ
ַ׸߿տܲ͸Ⱥ̾ѡ
̻ʺħ᳤Դôôǰݰô
ַҪ˳ȥ鼱æֹҪȥҪʤͷԣҪǣռܵǿռ壡ȥû£ҪˣеѣսǬȻȥ̽
ַоԼεȷˣԼʱȷСɣ֮ǰϿֿռĻֱСƣѾȥ˶ʮˣ˭֪Ŀռɳʲôˣ
ַսǬȻʱ¸ȥ
ճ嵽ǧ׾룬ַһռ塣
ܡӿʱշ籩ַоεĿռǿҪ֮ǰǿʮϣ
ַһѺûĻȷǳΣա
·
ʱ֮£ַɵĳʱ塣
Ǹճʱ壬ַһʱ壡
ҿ
ַһǶռ壡ߴŻĻ˿϶У
ռĳ·
ڤħٶַռ壬һռ塭
ַľѣռ嵽жٲ㣡
˳Ĵʮռ֮󣬶ռ廹ǲϳַ֣ϢĻᶼûУ
ַ磬ҪСˣÿռĳڶ·λã·ȴǧʥʮʮһռȥĻжϵûĻȴĽǧͰλȫһʱ򣬾ǳ֮Ҳܲס
ַĻһ亹ԼѾȽ˵з壬ȥˣ
ÿռֻһڣռÿһڶ·ַ·ӣ
ԭ͸Լ׼ˡ͡һ򾡣
ַ飬Сٻǿӳȥİô
ôһ˵ַѾûġ
ЩĵûСȻ˵ûУҲΪһħռ䣡
СٻҲС㣬ǿӳȥģҺС˵׼ˣǧǿߵһҲ׼ȷжжǳ֮壬Ҳ׼ȷжܳܶǾɱ㣬ĵﱻݻٵĻҺСžͱˡ
ÿõһھħ֮ʱһǱȻģͬҲõԵɣ˳Ȼɡ
ַ˳Ȼص£
ڣ˶ûа취Ҳֻ˳Ȼˣַ룬Լ֮ܰæɡ
ܲھŲ㡣
վһһ׶ֱɫˮ֮һľ졣
⡭ôܡ
ȫڶţ˵о
֮ǰڵʱҿ˴˴ҵĿռ壬ٲĶռ壬Լȥ˶ôģҲռҲ
ѵ
ѵ
ѵ
Ȼ˼ȫ岻Ĵ򣬲Եڵء
ѵᴫ˵֮еġʱ
ѵ֮ġʱֹ֮֡ͣô
ѵҪֹͣô
ܣ
ʱǲڵġ
һĲźĻ֮󣬶ָֻ
ߣһħǿ㶼
Ӷռ֮㽫ǧĹ
еڿռһڣ
ʱҿʲô

һħʼҪҿ

ַڳһռ壬ʵһʼ̤ռ嵽ֻķӵʱ䡣
ʱת֮£⼸ӵʱ䣬ַоЩƣ
ƣҲֻӲţַ֪ԼԼǧ˵Ĺ
ַ羫߶ȼУһڳȥڳڵıԵַʱѾе˵ĹԼ
ַӶڤħ𣬽ڤħٶȷӵ³ȥ
ռ嶼ѾƣַҪǧȫһ
鼱æҪʹħʹþŵ죡
ʹõĶǹħʹõĶһЩ߽׳ٻȡ
ԣħûõġ
䣡
ǧ˵ĹĿռ˰׷Բһ𣬱ǰδеǿ
ǿĹκһַݺݵ˹
ַľŵסǧ۵ŵ챬飡
ַ屻Щĳٻסеһ˿Ĺַϣ
䣡
ַһֱɣƤѣҲʼѣԣһѣǻûеԵ
ԴӳΪǳ֮󣬲ûܹˣַҲû뵽ᷢ
ƤɷǳеԣΪ֮󣬲˿һ屻һ㣬ѣ
شѵһ𣬲û룬ַ¼ƿȪˮֻǸоһЩƲûϣ
˵壬ַоǰҪǿʮ
ҿַ磬סӻ
˴ַĵ֮ҲһѺۣŵĽС
ӹһ٣ַıֻҪӲǵĩգ

ˮԱߵĿ󾪣ܣôû
ǧȻûɱ
Щ⣬ǿУʮ߽ҲᱻɱַΪû
һֵĹȷַɣַմӿռ޷ܵ˵ڣڶֹ֮ʱʱ֮£ַ翴˷Լ˹
ַЦֻҪУԼʵԵ˺
ʱ֮£ЩǳȻַܼ绹ɵҵյڤħٶȴ֮дйȥ
ܼҵĹȻܴķ϶֮д
ô
ÿ˶𾪵Ըӣⲻܵȴˡ
ַİΧȦȥ֮ĿڴȺ֮ж֮
ʱ֮£ַſеֱ£Ӱ֮ʥȫѪ
ַ籾뽫Ǭ˶ųμս뻹ˣһֲ˿ռ壬ô죿
ַΧȦ֮г֮ʱ˵Ĺͣôһ£һӵַֹͣ˵ʱǳĳԣ
ַܽһʱʱ֮±ӣ
ڣַҪֶٴΣ
ǣַչһɱ
ڹַ磬ַҲ£ǧɱһˣڵӬʲô
ȫɢеĹַ·߶մϣ
ַ⴦ֻɱ
ÿһȥǧַû˿Ĳ
ٲ̺Ѫȵĳַ˵Ѿľˡ
ڱ˵ַѾķǳˡ
սһƬңǿ޾ٺʬƬ
ЩѾ˲ַ磡
ַֻһ֣ɱ
ɽȾʺɫռ䶼˱ǵ
Ѫɷ֮죬ַԵĶħһ㣬ֹոÿһ˵
սڽˣǧַʶ֮£ûһߣЩߵˣҲַ׷˹ȥ
˹أԹˣ
ַ磬û뵽Ҳһ
ħ᳤ܻ˹ء
˹ذ׷룬һۣ֮Ͻһ׵ĺɫˮȣ֮Ƕһںɫľ޴ˮˮ֮ɢŷǳֲħ
ַ翴λ׺ͷƲ͵ŶҵҪôɱң
ߣѵ㲻֪һλ鷨ʦôɱǧˣǧ˲ɲ֮󣬻ʲôЧ
ַԴĵҵҪʶʶħˣ鷨ħҵûмʩչҼʶʶҲô۽һ¡
ַĲ˹һг˼ɬ֮һ죡
ò˵˹صħ˲Ѿ׼ˣ׼ַһ
ַͻȻоԼ֮ڵЩ궯ֲֿٻȥ
ַһѹƣ
˹صɫһɷףѪܡô
ַЦ㻹ٻ飿ǧͱˣȥٻⲻô
˹ķǳǧ㶼ַ
졯Ǹ߽Ľ䣡ǳֲոȥԹٻΪĻɱ󣬸ӿֲǲ˹ٻǧĻַҲס
˹޷ļƻûʩչˣ
ַ磬㲻Ҫ⣡
֮˹ؿַһּɬ˹ʩչһħħ֮ϵˮǿģɫһƬɷףűһƬ֮ɫ
ַΧĿռһ˺ѣǧ߽սʿսʿѷ֮˳
˹شЦЩ²սʿÿǸ߽Һķǧٻҿôӣ
ַ絭ĵҲӣΪʲôҪӣ
˹ͻȻԼٻЩսʿַַ֮ͣȥ
˹ɵˣ⡭ô£
㡭һħԿƶħôԿ飿
ѵ
˹ͻȻַǰɱǧ֮ʱʹõʹõ
֮ʹõ
˹ʱףǰ˭ˣ
֮ǰ˹ΪַʹõħİҲ֣Ϊھ磬ʹ˶ˡ
ʱ˹ظûаַϵһΪħħ񣡶ħǶħҲĴУ
ڣⲻܵȴˡ
˹غ٣ƲסԼַĿһļͻȣܿĿ


402 ħ
һ鷨ʦһԺͻɾޣڣַȴǵˣݵĵˣѵԼħô
ǲܵ£
˹֪ԼʯͷԼĽţٻսʿַָ֮·߱
ɱ
ַǰ߽սʿһӵϡ
˹ͼĵЩսʿûκεá
һ;֮У˹رսʿ˺Ƭ
ɱ˹أַԹ󺰣ɣ

һɭǵӸ߿£ֱַڡ
ַĶЩ飬̻ǹôЦô䡣
ͷڣƮƮӢˬĹ̻ʳַ֮⡣
ȴаЦݡ
ΪĽ̻ʣÿ˵ʱ򣬶һ壬ƣ࡭
˿̣Ѿ֪ڽӣԣҪȥαװˣҪȥαЦȥκˣ
߿ˣԴ˹̻֮󣬿ÿ춼Ҫǳαߵˣ˿̣ʲôûоô̹
Цַ磬һħ֪Ҵ򲻹㣬Ҳɱ㡭
ַ翴ſֹӣ֪˵ʲô
ַ磬ңôӿռ֮гģ
ŶΪʲôҪ㣿
Ŀ֮о䣬㲻ҵҲ֪Ϊƿռˣǻʹÿռˣһʱ
㡭һ¼ҸռռҲֲΣԣҿȷʱɱǧ֮ʱʩչʱΪٶȣѾﵽҶ޷ķΧ
ַ絭ЦȻ㶼֪ˣǻʲô
õַĿ϶һ𾪣
ãҲ޺ˣ
ַֻû֣ڵȴſַ֣ҲĿռʱȥôС
нŹ޽ַķȻһӣ֮ռ䵴
ʱ֮£ַ翴˿ռ䱻˺һϸСƽѷ죬ЩѷԼߣҲʱշ籩ʽһɣʱ¶ֲˣ
һַֻߣΪƽĹһϣͻᱻʱѷķ籩߱ʱѷ죡
ڿһ֮ʱַѾ˿ռĿ֮
ַǧףƹռѷ죬ķȥ
֣Χǧʱѷ죬ǻһΪַѾڿ֮ڣħѾĲ֮ϡ
ֵַ̾ٶ̫ˣĿռҲ̫ˣҲκвÿһĹȻǳΣҲʱĻ϶ֲ˻ǺǡĿռûй֮ʱͻɢûа;˵ʵڵģá
ַ罫Ŀռ˵һĲֵҲûǵ˵ʱǿռĿǣһ㶼ûдҵĿռΪ̫ˣܵʱշ籩ĸ߶ȣ㣬Ҳ޷ɱң
𣿾ܿʱշ籩Ҳܴʱշ籩ķ϶֮дȥɱ㣡ʱô򵥣㽫ռ߾磬ʱҲ߾ˣ
̾һ֪ʲô֮ͻȻһİ󣬡ܷܲңҿˣūҲС
ַȻ漴Ц벻õĹĽ̻ʻ̰
Ҳֻ뿴㽫ʱ߾һ죬˵֮У˽ʱ߾磬ġʱ֮֡ͻתԴȥصδһħʱ߾磡ԣȵһ죡֤ʱ䵽׻᲻ת˿ɲԴԽռ䣡
ʱɣҪָָ㡭
ֵ㲻ңԷϳҵȻǩԼԸԶΪˣ
ðɣҴӦ㣡
ַǩԼΪµȵԼַȫԿƿ־
ַʲôַһͷͿɱȻַˣԼҲɱ
շ˿ַ֮ڷһɣһи֮һ˶̱
ŵĴսгʱʹʱѾַľЩˡ
ַǿ󣬾ǿͱˡ
ַǬ
˿ַһȥͳȪ裬һ㣬Ҷһ
Ȫһַ֮ϵѺȪˮ޸֮½ָš
ַ緢֣ԼƻָķǳǰԼˣȪˮһݣ¾ͻָˣڣʮˣָֻһС֡
ַ֪Լǳ֮йء
ԼѾȫĸ죬ǧȫһҲֻ˵ˣǰʵĻͻɢˣ
ַ룬ԼߵĲΣȪˮûˡ
ַڻָڼ䣬¼򵥵ĸˡ
֪֮оѾȫûġ
ַշ˿˶󲻽⣬Ҳûжʡ
Ǭ΢֮ڻϣҸ˶½
ص˶½ַ֮ռʥصĵ̡
֮˿ᣬоħô½Ŀǰ
𣬺ҽ½ĸ͸ǣԸΥȴ˸³ԴˣǸ⡭
æ磬˵ʲôݱֲĴȫǵסʥصˣôִܹ㣿
ַһۣû˵
ʵַɷ֮ŵ±ݻַǸȻ˵˲֪ݵɷַ֮յģַûиκˡ
ַ񣬶½Ѿ𣬶һħϢҲ˽֪ھΪǵڣѹŶ½ҪȻħô½ĸΪλѾҳһˣ
ԣҵ˼ǡ𣬺ħô½ͽˣĸ󽫻Ϊ½һ
ü⡭ðɣ
ַʲôãѵô
ȻãѾɱַ֪ҪߣҲַߣԼڵʵַȥħô½ĻֻܻΪַ׸
ЩԸĵðɣôѣ϶ãħô½ܲڽ£ÿĺ£ܲô
ЩŹ֡
ȻôҾħô½ʵ׷ϴ֮ʱҶȻȥҴܣ
ַЦû˵ҪߣҪҲҪħô½֮󡭡ðɣ쿪ʼһħħô½棺֮ҶһڣκδС֮ʥϵǿߣʥزμӡħᡯɱ⣡ʱѡһЩΪЧԼһȶ֮پȥħ½
ַ֮罫Լʶ½ţԼǿʶ½ÿ˶ѶϢ
֮ħᡯϢħô½˶֪ˣ
ַоԼʶ̫ǿˣѾǿľ磡
Цַ磬ɱ⣬ȥ˾磬ڵʶҲǧ﷽Բɡ
ǰɣ
ַܴˡ
СٻÿռĹ򶼲һڵΪȥ磬һͰɱˡ
ַ
ֵȥ˾Ļʶǲɢŵģʶɢŵĵ̻߱оǾͻΪһƣͻսû·żʶûԴͰˡ
ַ΢ŭˣ˵ˣҲʶ˻ô
Ȼַ׽СٻΪԼãַȷЩΪԼǿЩΣЩƮƮȻСٻַ磬ַʩһѹַף㻹СҪַӵŬ
֮ħʽʼ
ǧӿʥء
ڴ֮ڿģô˸վ£ԣҶеϿգڿпᡣ
ַû뵽½ӵʥǿߵȻ֮࣡
ڿпᣬһ˶˵棬ΪǵΪûеʥ޷СȻݣġ
ַʥÿ˵ĿⶼǰַϣַĿ⣬ûаĲ
ַָоЩ˶ϡ
Щ飬ʵܶ˶ǲģǶħ壬ǲܲ
ħǧ֮ǰףħ֮ǣȻһħ£һħħУУһħҲͬ£
ַ罫½˸ϳ˶½˹ħϳ㣬½˻ǱȽϸмַģַһħĵ֮ࣻˣַ֮ǣ
ַ˵ĸܲޣҲкֻܶΪܶڹħѹ֮¹ӲдѹûˣҺܶȡħ͹½λã
ַ翪ʼݽд¼
ַһʼ˵ķǳֱӡԵģģ˵ʲôʲô
һʥشӴ˸Ϊĸ󣬳Ϊħô½İĸĸٸǺߵλǶסˣԺĸħΥߣ
ַǳǿƣκأӾǰǲ·һ
ĸ򶫷½֮еǿߣȻΪҪʥϣԸߣ˴λ֮ʱĸ󣡡
ڶ½κ̲սҶܣĸҲܣǣҲ뿴½֮κδģսУ˭붯ҡĸĵλһ
ĸԺʥعħô½κʹóԽռκɡɱ⣡
ˣ˵ˣûʲôеĻһ֣
·ϴ亹ֱһЩ˻ģôһ˵˭
ַ˵֮
棬ǸҪľǽûμӡħᡯЩʥǿߵȫȻЩûμӻĶЩħ֮Ҫйħ൳ȫʧʱһᰵ˵飬һĵϻйħ൳ôĸͻὫϴ
Ļ鵽Ϊֹɢᣡ
Ȿǿʳ磬ĸħô½ѹȻ˶ڷĲѹ֮£һ㷴ûУ
ûиһһħĻ
һħܽħᶼС˼ģ˭ҷ
ħᡯӿʼӶûУԼѹһгıˡ
¸㶨ַ֮˿ʼΪĸɫǿߡ
ȻĸǿߣһǿԺƷڶǿʵ
ÿһĸ˶ҪԼΪԼԶĸ
ĸ˶Ĺ
ĸǴ½ħô½ӵϵȨֻҪĸԼĵλȨͻԣڵڶ죬ĸʥ͸ߴң


403 ħ½
ַĸ꣬ĸʥǿѾﵽң
Ȼ࣬Ѿ½һʥ
ΪԴַ˶׼󶥼ֻɣַ½սַֻ˹ħᡭħô½Ѿû˶ʥǿߣ

ʱ䣬ĸĳΪħô½İַ뿪Ҳûĸսĸϡ
ڣַĹҲдɣ¹ʥˮַ֮Ѿȫɹ
ַǾĸ죬֮Ȫˮĸ죬ǳ֮ĸ죬ַǴ˵֮еġħ֮塯͡ǳ֮塯
ַȫµľʹССѨλѴͨԣַûκƿ½õġ顷֮ϵĹַʱȫϣڿָ֮£ַ˳ĽʥתĽ׶Ρ
ڣַ˹֮κιûƿԣַνʲôħ֮Ϳκйغڰ֮˵ַڿ˸֮
ò˵Ҫܶ࣬׿ƣɱ󣬶ԵдΧĿƣҶָżİ
ַ籾ûҪǽ˵ˣħ߲ϣͱʱȴӣַӦҪȻʱҪ±չ
ַҲǸ뿪ʱˡ
ħ½ַҪȥĵط
ѾûַȥĶҲûַɳĿռ䣬ҪһΪͱȥһռ䣡
֮ǰҵַ磬Լʥضĺߡ
ҹĴ󺣷ǳзǵ׺΢ӭ˸оǳ⡣
վںһ޴ʯ֮ϣĿƽĺ֮ϡ
ַ磬ҹĴ󺣷ǳһַǳ͵ĸо
ᣬǰ飬ַ֮һĴ֣һ档
šַͷҹȷôҹ֮£йŮԼˣѵ㡭ұô
һ㶣ַһַۣ֪ڿЦ˳ƶ£Ҹףô
ַ΢΢һЦôһŮұף벻ܶѰ
ǺǡݸһЦ
ַûŮѵĻһ㣬Ѿˣôһġ⡯ҿɳԲڰǿϧ
Ŀһɣ΢ŭұ⣬Ҵ򣡡
˵ţȭַ˹
ַܱɵϷ𣬡ǺðɣҲˣôȣͤͤģɣͰɡ
²ܡ

˴֣׷ϷĲѣʱԶֹͣһ̣ǣῼκ飬ֻ˵硭
ʱ䲻ֹͣߵĻҪߣĻҪ
˻ˣһɾʯ֮ϡ
ȻǵΪһһҹͲֻۣǣеʼҪֹͣġ
Ŀ⾲Ķƽĺ棬ԶûκεķˣǸöá
Щ˸УЩ˵ζôַʶǸɱͷĿ
ַͻȻʶ顭
ǵõһĳǼ֮ʱɢǿɱѹַ綼ֱӣַ˵ҪС
ַ֮𣬽½磬ַоᡢ飡²ֶΣȻܷԸҲܷһɱֵԸ
ǴַϷ˳ƶ£ַ¼Ѿ֪ϲַ硣
ûзǴεġ͡Ϸ¼𲻻ϲַ磬Ǵȴˡ
еʱϲһ˵ȷǳ֣ϲ˾ϲˡ
ַǿݵλרһȵȣ۴һѾġ
Ǻصħô½֣֮ԼϲַһڵĶûжϵԼǸˡ
ǣַڱݱĸ㳲֧Ԯַ硣
Դַ֮Լȱһַ꣬罫ԼӡС
ʧ䡭
һ̿ʼںܳһʱ䣬ַֻһˣʱƣԽԽϲַ硣
ָ֮Ҳַ֪кܶŮˣÿһŮ˶ԼҪǿ𽥽ĽݸѹĵףѾ֪ˣԼϲˣԦˣ
ڣַ罫ħô½ҲףַߺԼԺԵַˡ
ַ磬ҪˣԺĻټˣʵѾɱƽͰǵǶʧʱ䣬һΪֵӡ
ַ磬ָ콣͸ɣҲòˡ
ַ翴һµӣʵַףϲԼףַ粻ܣ
ҲȥȡֻԼܶ鶼Լ޷Ƶģʱ֣ԼһƽĿռ䡣
ַҪܾ룬ֽӹָ콣
ַףѾʼ˵Ǿ仰ܸܳ
Ҫƽҹһƽĸǵ
һŮˣഺ֮ʱȴŸ׽̸Σѹһֱѹ𴭲
׵õĸĸ𡭡
սֱû꣬ԼһѪָ𡭡
ˡ
һŮĲӦóô̫࣡࣬ͻѹһˣ
¾һǳ͵ܲסôѹٲͷţͻ
µĴñʲôˣȴŲеʹŲ´Сӡĵ׺˺Ӱ
󣬺ֻһ·ߣǡħ
ΪħſԽѣſΪΪ
ħſԲʹħſǣ
һŮҪľһޣҪַ˫ɣȴ˲ðˡ
ַߵŮһһ㣬ϲͱַҲûַһŮˣԣˡ
𿴵ַҪˣַòĶָֻܽ콣͸ַ硣
ַ粻ǳߵ
֮˶оĵһɡ
ǰַ粻֪ôȥ𣬶ˣַҲȥˡ

ַ硢ĪơСѩСèС塢ȥħô½
ַߵʱ߲ûͣ˵ʦˣʵҶ֪߲ȥʱĳ桭
ȻˣҲҪʱȥ
ʥصˮȷһöֻҪΪȥħô½ļ𣬾Ϳ˳ȥħô½
Ҫһȥħ½ǲܵ£񾳽ڸռ롣
ַǬΪԶʮ֮һǬҲΨһһܴĴƷ
ַ罫װǬ߽ʥصˮ
ˮԱΪַ翪ħ½ͨꡣ
䡭
ַ߽ˮħ½֮֮ͨͨڵĹַ缷ѹַоҪѹһ㣬֮һ
飬ҵľʥת㲻˵Ҵȥûô
ô֪Ѿ˹ˡ

å޳ܡ
ô컯֮о費Ҫ
ͽӣҪɱ
ãǱ𣬲Ҫ£߰ɡ
ңǴô񾭲
ˣ񾭲ͲҪˡ
ң
ַˣ۾ͿһȺΧԼԼϱһЩײˡ顭
ʲôУȺʲôַ϶ʲôҸߺޣԻҪַһ㡭
ַ緢ԼһȺŹˣȺŹԼ˶һЩͨˡ
ַһ㶣ԣСٻһֱڹЦ
ַ²Ÿо쬵ģĳλǱһƬ
ҵ񰡡
ַڲ֪Լȫ㣬ԭǴ͵ʱַͨȫ·˺Ƭ
ͽӣҪ
ʱһŮͨİ˳һַĿºɨ
ַʱͨ죬ſԼĳλȻôֱͦţ갡粻ͦͦͦë
һ̣˷Χס֮һ󾪻ʧ룬һȥʧ
һ㶣֪ǷҵһǿߣĿ֮һ˿֣Ȼɢ
Ц۹ЦˣЦˡ
Сٻ̿סһǵһμַ壬ʵ׾ģĳطҲܴ󡭡
ַͷһɽȥ˵죡Цҽӵϳװһʺʮ꣡
ʺ裿
СٻԣԹԵıͣһʺ裬˶¡
ַɽһ׸ɾ·
ַڲŸоڴͨʱ弸ѹ⣬֮Ҳʹ
һַоܵǳŨħô½ռҪܼʮϣ
ַǬߴңѾħ½
ǬȻ֪淢ʲô飬ҿַ֮󣬺ȻЦ
ַ㱻ˣ
ַĿˣݺݵĶԴҵǼסˣҺû꣡һᱨģߣ
һݻַȪס
ć½Сٻ֪ûʲô£ôҶַ֪޲ҸطȥֻȪˡ
ǣԺַͳһ֮³ħɳʷ֮Ϊдɫʵһʡ
Цַֹ֮ͣŴȪðһͷҶȪ裬ûΪħ½˷ƵģҲûгȥ˼
ôħ½ôǶȥô
СèգŴ۾룬ȪôԣҪһꡭ
СܶطûлָҲҪϼʮꡭ
СѩҲɣС񴫳֮ҺСèҲһЩȻǶ񣬵ûй̣Ȫˮ۵õĶ
СèŴ۾ǰǰ˭ҪߵĻߣҿɲߡ
ַ֪СѩСèС˺ͨ˵ͬ˻õĶǴҪվͿΪȪĿǰõĵط˲ŲԸ뿪
Ҳ½Ǿͺá
ҲҪȥָĴ޺壬ЩڻûֻܿȪˮȥơ
µҳȥ
Ȫʱԣʱ䳤ˣȪˮὫڵĶɱ
ĪƵҲȥҵĹɱ¾ûá
ַַָ֮Īƺ׼ǰʥ
ַҪȥԼĸ
ĻĿĸ׽죬ħ½ʥĳϣĸ׽к衭
ĸַ֣Զǣ
ַ罫ʶɢǸոɢųȥ͵ıʮʶ
ַ緢֣֮⣬ʮԼķ


404 ʥ
ֻĵô㲻Ҫʶҷţ֪˰ɣɣ㽫ʶɢǧ׷Բڴҵ֮ڣûκµģֻҪɢţӦͻ㣡
ַ粢ûߣǵȴʮĵ
ʮ֮ʮַǧ׿⣬ÿַİ׶׷üͷ
ַ翴ˣʮԼʶոոԲЩˡ
ʸ£㽫ʶɢǵĵ̣Ϊ
£һˣ
¿֪кָ̣
Ŀַ磬ʮΪַһƣ
û֣ͬһ⣬ǰʶͬʱְ̣Ϊжǿ
ַ絭ĵ˼ҳէ֪Ĺ򣬵֮ԭ¡
ַ粻¡
ô»ʵʵ˵ɣȻǻ᲻ģ
ַЦŶôɱôһϰɣ
ַ籾£ȻԷ˺ݻַȻͷ
λһסˣΪԷֻˣǲʲô£ڶԷȻ˵һϣ
һΪ׵Աߵʹ˸ɫַ˹ȥȻҪȥ̽һַʵ
̽ңַԲ̽Ļᣡ
ַӶڤħʼʱɵƹλĹһ룬ֱ֮ոꡣ
һλɱ
ʱĻַĶ֣ʱ֮£ĶٶȾһһ㡣
˿ַһ֮ɵɱһλ񣬶ǾȻ˵ĳûп
£кȻ֪Էǲܵˡ
ĪƵ磬Щ˶ĵͽʣµ˽Ұɣ
ħô½սĪѾʮǿߵľѪѾתǿߣѾһָ߶ȣ
¼æһɱһ
µĶǶʮ֮ͽԺµʣѾ͡һ񹦡߾磡
ڵΪѾΪתľ磡
ʮûа취ħô½ʥصЩȣֻʮһתת
ĪƵġѪħ󷨡ҷļ鱻޾İϢ֣ӹ󣬼ʬӿ¡
֮죬мļ񶼷׷Ѫ
ȫһ浹ɱ
ַɱߵļ񣬿źºĪɱˡ
ַͻȻоԼս֮УֻԼΪˣ
ʱַһɱˣ
ɱЩַ֮ûɢʶַɲһ·ɱʥȥ
ɽ֮гַһ֮ϣʥλ֮һ·С
һ·֮ϣַ緢֣ħ½еĽòȫǹŴ˵Ϣ￴κκ͸߿ƼйصĶĴɽ֣зֲȽɢңΪߵ˴඼ѡڳ֮ЩǿߺЩɵĵ̶ԣɽ֮С
ַܵħ磡
һµĸ·ַħ½ĸҲ˽⡣
ħô½Ѿû˶½֣֮ͺ϶ΪһνǿΪѾû֣֮
ܶжˣҲˣҶദҲûʲôס
ַ˼
Ϊﵽһľ֮ÿ֮֮Ѿûκ壡࣬࣬Ҳ࣬Ҷ࣬ʲôɷֵģ룬ˣǲͬ壬ǻǺ꣬ΪʲôһֱŽһ£ҪĻڶˣͲˣ
ڽĽ£ַ񽥽һЩ
ħ½ħô½Ҫϼʥħ½İ
ǰħ½ʥؾѾݣʥɱҺҿʥأ֮Ϊʥ
ħ½ֻս֮ɱҲǳ࣬ǴģսǳټΪʥѹ֮£û˸ҷģս
ʥ½λãַһ·У֮ŵʥܲ
һ·֮ϣַ洦ڿзеˣҲܶɱȴû˽ʶʶɢų
һɢʶԷͻΪǶǵƣ
ʥܲϿգַ˱һٶʿס
Ϊ׵ĽʿҲǳλ£Ѿʥأ˴Уλ»ص棡
ַΣֻ·ȥ
صַ֮䵽һ㳡
һǳĳУȷû˷УҲ䣬ĴԿѲߵĽʿ
㳡ǧ֮һޱȾ޴İɫǱħ½˶֪ʥ
ʥʮɽһɽضҲħô½Ϊܼɽ
ַǱķȥ
ĪƺͺҲû뵽ַԭħ½ʥˣ
ַ֮Ƕ𾪲ѡ
˶оַ̫˷ˡ
ʥܲȻʲôܽģַ˾Ǳ֮һӽսʿס
Ϊ׵һת񣬶˶һɫĸ߽ʥ
λ£֪ʥк£
ַһʥͺλǰ
Ϊ׵ĽսʿڶʮǰѾӣϵķڶʮǰѾˡ
ʲô
ַ粻ԾһʹȻûмԼĸףĸȥϢǷǳܡ
Ϊ׵ĽʿѵҵĻô
Ҫǰͨ
ѾӶ꣬ǲ͵ģλ»ذɡ
ʥַ˵ֶʣʲôʣֱӾܾ
Ҳ֤ʥڴ½֮еİλ
ȻЩ϶˽ģҪȻЩèʥˣʥʲôô
Ϊ׵ĽʿַȲҿǳ϶Ͷˣõô
ַϵĹѣǰʥҪϣֻҪͨһǰͤһ֮Ե棬ר̰ݷãǲͨĻǺǡ
Ļַû˵ȥ˶óԷ߲ƣ
ʥܲ˭ﶯ֣Ǻûʲô
ԱߵһλʿмĿַ磬ȵΪʥʲôطܽô˭ܼôҪĿǵĳϣʲôݣ
˵Ļ䣬ϵϢһλʿϯȥǸʿͻȻоһ䣬ȫëţȻƲסĿ⾪ֵĿź¡
ʵʻɱڽʿףǰŮҪɱ˵ĻղǸѾһʬˣ
±ҪɱˣǱַֹˣϾʥܲ
Ϊ׵ĽʿɫһѾ˵ΪԶԶЩ֮ϣ
ԼǳʺģԷѾʾԵ˵ºݻˣûϹʲô
Ϊ׵ĽʿһƳ˹ȥŭǿͣѵ㲻֪ʲôòôƽôǵģΪʲô˲ǲʥˣȥƨǣһۣ˲õˣô֪Ҫң
Ľʿεϴ̫ˣʥܲѵҶֲɣ
Ȼвǲҳ
Щ²£λԭ£ʸôƺǺη֮ˣ
ַĳλʿ˵ͷҪҸ졭
ַ粻ȥʲôˣȥԼʥĴִ󣬷ǳá
ַ֪ʥȨƣ֣һѹңҶܲˣ
ԣַ粻£
˶һ㶣ĳϵĶӣ
Ŀַϴš
ʱܶ˶ǰ˷ǳϤǷŷѾõĻ棬һЩ顭
֪ˣˣ㣬ŹݼСδ򡭡
ǰ˺ݼС㶩ʱʱȥˣҲ
ˣûκεݺαװ
Ҹ϶˾ϵĶӣ

۷׷ףַݺܿ챻ҵõ֤ʵ
ʱ˶ΰݣμˣ
ַˣͻȻ˳˵Ļ
㱾һ˫̥磬Ϊ̫ԣ½ռԺ󣬾ͽָΪַ硭
ݼҲ߹ַ磬綩飬֮ҵһѨõ˾ħĽ飬ʥҵ׷ɱˡ
Ҳ˵Ϊˣǿ˸³ݼ֮˼ȫݼʱѷ죬˵½죬ҵַ硭
ַ˴ǰڣַ룬Լӳþȥ½磬ҵһֱ½׷ɱԼԼʵ϶Уʥҿ϶ǧټƵĶԸԼôȥò
ȥôˣǶǵңһΪѾҲˣ
Ϊ׵ĽʿæЦˣֻᣬһ
ȻЩΪ£Ȼ˥ܣЩ׵Ĵǻǲҵġ
Ƕɡ
ַĿɨ˸ղŶԼǸʿԺʥˣ߰ɡ
ڳӶˣ鶼ˣΪʲôϴĻء
˶֪ԭǵϴ˵ĻǶԵģΪʥ¾Ͳκ˷˲õˣĲ֪ôȥ
ʿڵϣһľ֣ˣŹҰɣΪʥЧһٶˣ˲ˣȥҿ϶졭
ʱΪ׵Ľʿˣҵ£ͷ˶ˣǽ̸Ҵɡ
Ϊ׵Ľʿ˵꣬Ȼһƴλʿؿڣǽʿҽһ˻ԡ
̧ߣ
˳ʿ̧ˣҶףԼϴǾλʿһ
˿⣿˲Ļ
ǸַӣΪ׵Ľʿַӣַ绹ʲô˵ģȥɱǸʿԵ̫ûˡ
Ͼʥַ绹˽ʥڵʵַ粻̫
ˣ¾ôˡ
Ѿʮûг֣عʥ£㱨˺λϢ
ԣΪ׵Ľʿַ磬ԼˣҪ㱨档
Ȼ˵òͶʮǰʧٵоŷƣܻûò˶ˣЩʿ֮һǿģ
ԽʿҪַ
ãȻˣҾϢƬ̣
ַ˱뵽һµĽӴϵȵĺò˺þкš
ʮ֮һģʮ˴ӳַǰ
İСһۺļΪȥ൱Ĺ죬ڿòģ˫֮ȴɢһǻ۵Ĺâ
鼱æַ磬ǵ壡
ַĿ壬ҧгݣŭ壡û뵽㻹ţ


405 
һȻЦүʲôҿ϶ĺúõģүʧ˽ʮˣҲǺúõĻ𣿡
ĿһֱַɨţڷֱǼ٣
壬㲻Ҫװģ֮һᱨ
㣿үǿЦˣҿүСôӺүأ֮ʲôɣ
ı㣬ַĻ
ַЦ᣿㽫ҺݼƵ·ӣĴͬھ㺦ұŹݼѵô
һ
ǰԼۿըһѪ飡ôܻ
ѵ½֮ϵ
Ļô֪£
µˣԱ֮£ʣµҲɱڣ
ֻһ֪
ҵ֪ģûκ֤ݣ
ƶϣ磡겢ûѣһЩԵָˡ
ΨһĿܣ
治ɫүɲ˵Һãôܻᷢ£ǰ;Źȥɱ£ʥ֪غ㴫һʥĵλӭȢŹƸԱԼȥɣ֮ҺҶʮɽ֮лĳѨֻʬкʥǿߵʬ壬ʱǶΪ;Źˣս֮µĺۼҶһΪ˺ͻͬھˡ˵Һ㣬Ҿ͵үЦˣǺǡ
ַ֪Լûκ֤ݣѾȥ˶ַ֪꣬ʥҿƣַҪᵹ壬ǲܵġ
ᵹ壬ôкڹһԱɱһ壬ҵĸ
ֻһıʿֻҵңҪᵹʥܰᵽң
ַһЦҵȻǿЦѣôܺأֻôûм壬ЩˣԺ忪һЦŻŻ壬岻ɣ
ȻᣬүˡȻү壬絽ҸһΣ嶨úдү
ַ粻ɫЦţ帮һ۵Ȼû⣬ҶʮûмҵĸˣĸҲΪҵʧٶգҰһЩ´֮Ȼݷ塣
ãҾ͵үݹ٣ǣ
ͣ
˴ǰҲȷһݶѣȻѾȷݣҪ㱨ϲ㡣
ߺַ绽˷ŴΪ׵Ľսʿ֪ͨңΪҵˣ
սʿү֪ʧ˼֮һ죬ѾʥƣѾʥû˵Ȩˣʥ֮лҵڣͱˡ
Ϊ׵Ľսʿ˵ǳСģȻĻ
ַ粻ףССĶӳôܸԼ˵Ļ
үʵҲҵˣֻƣаѱҿơ޶ǿƣֻͶҹ͵ǰҵְλǳߣͶֻ֮ССѲ߶ӳ
ү֮ǰʥļ̳ˣ˴λ׶༪١
ַ˽һЩʥַѾ֪Ѿȫѹƣ
ַţʱһɫĸߴӰĴ˽ɴ۾ĿĶַ硣
˿ʮ£ɫЩףͷ룬ǸոմһҲһȾȻġ
˸һĸоϸûǿߵϢ
Ӵ˸ճһַ̣֪Լĸ죡
ס
ĿַתЩ֮һȻ
㲻Ƿ
Ϊ׵ĽսʿԣһǼٵģҪ˶ֿ֣켤Ĵһ䡣
ҵĶӡҵĶӡ
ƺƲסԼ嵽ַĸǰ⣬ϸϸĴַ硣
ӡ׶Բ㣡׶Բ㡭
ϲıסַ磡
ַҲıסףͷڸ׵ļ򣬸ů
ַСûиףַҲûиܵĸ˿ַ̣о׵ļǶôů
ȻСûмףǣַΪѪѪŨˮĸоĵ˶о˴е˼ʹޱȼĸо
һԵĪƿַ縸ϣ۾ЩʪȻûκ˼ĸоҲܸܵ
ĪƴСǸ¶Լһ̣ĸͱԼϵħɱ
ĪǼڵʦģԼѪħϢȥ֮ʦҲ˴ΣԼӳȥ֮󲻾ãʦͱˡ
ĪһֱںԼԼɱԼĸĸǣһԼΪ
ʹξǸħѪħеļ佥࣬ĪҲֻܰѪħָʾȥĪûѡ
ĪҲõҲõĸǣעһûлˡ
һԵĺ¿һĻûκεķӦһѾħ
ӽŵһѾ֪ⲻԼĴ磬Ƕ
ΪӶӵѪϢ֮оܸܵһУ
ӳ֮⣬Ѫ֮лһָΪǿصϢ
ŵ֮̽£Ѿ϶ԼĶӣ
ӣߣ׻ȥ
ַ֣СݣгȥºĪƽ
Լڼ˸ף
ַҵĵ̣ҲûڳǱ֮ڣڳǱǧ֮ɽ֮С
ҴʮǰǿƸϳʥǱҲûа취£һɽݶʥȨʥ֮ҵĳϵʱͬ⣬Ǵİ˸϶׷ͬ⣬һʲô취
ҲûнҸϾɱϾϻڣҪԸף϶ĸ߽Ҫɱǣ˴ҲǳѣԣҲֻܴѹңֻҪѣһҴѹȵԶ޷ҵĴҲӰ쵽Ұĵλ
ַ˺͸һ磬֮Ļ࣬ǿ֮ĶǱ˴֮˼֮ѪŨˮ֮飡
ףҪȥݼĸס
ַĹǰ
ºĪҲǰҲһ²ĸ
ַ֮ʱͻȻĸǲ˾綾
Щˣǣ˼ɼյġ
½ŵʲĸǰʲôΪ
첻ش𣬵ǰںַѣĵʥת
ҵʶѾ̽˲ĸ壬ҷֲĸжĸ֮һֺĹƶԼߣһ㶾ʦҽʦֲˣǵʦҽʦֲˡ
΢ŭ㲻Ҫ˵
ĵû˵룬ĸΪʥתΪ֮ߵˣô޷Լ˼ɼ˵ˣʧ٣ֻʧûôΪȥ
С㣬Ǻµѣ˵ĻҾ͵û˵ҪҲˣô
ַͶ
ַҡҡͷ˿̲˵ʱĸôģַ϶һ֪
ĸַ֮ҡ
ҵ˷ǳ٣ֻоŰˣҳȻڵļǻܼ£ھƾ֮С
ұֱǾţһë
ַ緢Ѿȫʧȥ˶־ҵѹ֮Ѿûģû˺ҿ
Ѿȫѹ壡
Ҳǰ״һѪҵѹ֮¹Ӳд
ַ翴һУкܲζ
ҹַ͸׺Ⱦơ
ַĸסʥ£ȫгַ硣
ԭĸ׺ʹ类ɱ춼֪ȨѹңоٶͻὫѹĻᶼûУ
̾ϢӣǰҺһʥأͳһħ½ҵҪǿһͷһʥ֮󣬸ʥ¹أÿʮʱ任һʥÿʥһãսǿʮ֮ʥλΪ̫ϳϡ
ٶʼİʱڣҿʥǵڶʥȻѳִȨǶƽƽûȥҵΪʱʥصҼҼǰݰֵܣ˷֮ʱħ½ҺңҺõжԣˣںİҰλſλӵһʥλ֮󣬾Ϳʼѹң
Ҽλİʱ䣬Ѿ߻ԸңҼλʥ֮ǰӸ濪ʼԸңҲҵȦףһ˽ȥҲһһα򵹣ҲÿʮʥѡҵÿκұԶʧܡ
ÿһſϺõˣܵҵİɱҿûϣҲͽ֮ʶĸףమڼʮǰ֮һѹƣҺĸ״㵽ѰҽΪ塯ܳɳضܳΪʥͤһս̫࣬Һĸ׷У̸ߵѾ߳㣬֮򲻵֮£ĸ׽һ˸ҵĶռͳ㡭
ô֪½磬ȥ½׷ɱ㣬ȥѰ㣬ÿζѶȫޡ
Ȼ֪ţҸоûÿ춼죬Ϊ졭
ʮ꣬ҵʥѡ磬ʹϲ˾ŹݼŹݼɱָͳ죬רΪʥһЩʥܹ顣ݼΪ壬ʮ֮ʱѾͻ񣡴ɱָΪҽ˲鷳ʥΪŹʼһҳǼùˣ
ɳǳ죬ҵȫ֮£ȡһʥλã簮ݼҶȰ粻Ҫϲݼ粻Ȼȥʥ˵ʥףΪڹ֮£ʥΪҲɱ
ûʥӦ£Ҹݼ飡ʵݼһֱ׸һ㣬ݼʥѹֻǿӦ統ҲԼ뷨ɱָҿ⣡ֻҪ˳һʥ֮λ϶ȫɱָ
Щ뵽ҵȻҲ뵽ûлԸ磬֪ݼǾͿʼѹݼݼʥŵŻҲΪټʥѹһκʥһܣʥһŭ֮½ݼΪֱӴΪҷϳɱָͳĵλ
ҵʥۣʥ˵ֻԼһֱûпסҲûа취Ϊ˼ʥ֮Ҫݼɻ飬ʥӦҪȥִһ񣬾ɱӦˡ


406 ҾǸƨ
ɱǿģ˰б硭Ǵݼȥ֮Ҳûл֪Щģû˿֤ݣҸû뵽һôΪҵĶӣʥĴϣ
̫͹ҵı޳ܡ
֮Һĸױҵ˰¶ĸ׵ΪסصӡҵΪ˼ʮʱ佫ų⣬Ҳǹ
֮һֱһĸ׺͸籨𣬵һֱûлᣬҵԽԽ󣬶ʥĵλֻҺҵʮ˵ϣֻϲĴڣҲŲҽǸϾɱһҹӲд
Һʮ˵ҲɱңƴҲұҺʮ˵˵ֻѻʯҴӴ˾ͻкĿȥڣ
ҲֻбҽһѪʮ˵ӣʥҲʡ
ַѾףұѹģûзĻᣡӲдıѹţ޷֮գ治뿪طɽ𣬵ħ½ʥĿ֮£ߣȥ
ͱƴǰװǻô죿
һַ粻ףףȻҪΪβϾɱ
ϾɱҲңҪǣħô½Ŀռ䣬ҺҵˣȻ˵ϲռѾ½£ٶǰʥ֮󣬵һҺҵ峤֮ǰǣҺұãһҽһҸϾɱĻ֪ˣôһҲֻȴ³
ЩռҲ˽Ҳˣҵ˿󣬵Ȼ˵ʲôҵ˿˥ܣÿֻὫѵһ٣
ҽҵĶиˣֻܣүүʱ򣬽ʥʥң֮ʮ˵ʥûȹԼλã˵ҵ˥ܣ籾ǿʳ棬Һʮ˵һʱҵ˥䡭
ַˣԭַˣԼߵʱ򽻸Լ˵Ķȴûãһֱ¼˥ܣַҲǳԷϾɱַҲ֣Լ˼ȡӶٶɽ
ԼĴҪԼȥܿʦҵʦֵĻôҵʦ϶֣ʱһʰ
һһռˣΪ;ߣһռ鶼ѾǳĮˡ
ڵַ磬ȥ֮ϣôַ֮ϵ˶ѾеˣַĵģҲֻԼļѶѡ
ַ統½򽻸˼ѹǲ˼ȡƺþƣȡǵĵλַҲܣ
ַҪǳɳǿ󣬶ַ
ףһʥ̳Уж೤ʱ䣿
꣡εҵİǿ֮Уߵƣҵˣûһܺƿ⣡ߵĺѡ磬Դʧ֮ǽѡһϣҲûҵܺƿˣԣҲûʤ㣡
ַ絭ЦףԸģһΪҶʥ֮λ
ˡ̾һ£ĸ׳£һ£ٳʲô£кȥȪ֮µ衭
ַЦף˼ңʥ£ѪﰲݵҲҪ£ҪʲôΣգǲǣ
̾Ϣǡֻôһĺ֪ˣ϶ȫ㣬ҶԸ㣬ֻҪҲȥûܶԸ㣡
ַ֪ѾҴˣ
ַЦףҴ½Ϊ˾ҶΪ˾Ǻ͸ĸϣЩƴô࣬һͷڹꣿ
ַ籾ҲôԸ˵ڿήҲҲʹѣʲôһҪȼ׵Ķ־ֶԿ壡
첢ûӣ֪Щһ˺ܶ࣬ΪĲԣڵľƣֻܱס㡣ʢףҪԸңڵѻʯƽͰݵγһ£
£ַŭƽݵǺ£ڸ׵ƽôܰôڸ׵˥ܣѵĸ׺ʹĳͲôѵֻﹶ͵ôѵЩͶԵȪ֮µĸ׺ʹô
˵㰲ݣǲÿ챧ž̳ӺȾƣÿ춼ȵĴͰôǰˣôЩܰô
Ϊһ֮첻£ֻ֪ȾƣĿս˥ܣŲʣѵôôҲûиԼҲûи𣡡
ȥҶԸңԼˣ
ףѰɣǲѣµ˵ǿ󣡶ʼҪһѵͷԺе£
ѵҪĿһôף
챻ͷѵһ٣ȴûа취ȥ𣬶ĵ׸ӵıһң
ַ緢֣ԼЩûм׵Ķ־ûн׻ѣӴ˸ףӵ֤˸׵ܣø׸ӵʹ࣡
ȻУֻܻʽˡ
ף㣬ԸҲҪĸ׺ʹ籨һ뾡취ֶθȥ˱𣡶ŵ
ͳһ½򣬳Ϊͳһħô½ɱǧһССңһûз
д˫֮һ˿ַ˵ĻȻףһ仰ֱʮһĵ
㡭ӡ
ӡ㡭˵ʲô
ַ絭Цţ˵ͳһ½ħô½ռѾҲ˽£˵ҾǸƨ
Ļ˭ţȴˣַƽȻĿ⣬ͲѣԼĸףӻ£˵ôĻô
϶ᣡ
оκˣַĻλ٣ȴʵġ
ռ䣿

˿̣쵹ƭܳסַĻĳǣȴ˵ġ
ͺһͨͻȻԼĶǳˣһԽת
˺þúþãַһδεĿ϶֮£Ѿȥһűĺۼ
ͻȻһ𣬺ʧ˼սͻȻ˳쳤Х治Ķӣܽռڽ£
ӣ㣡ҲţܶԸң
Ҹܰҵһû
ǸֽɱƬײ
ַĵЦˣ׶־ȻǸĻ䣬£ֻ֪ھ̳ĸײˣ֮һѷı
ףȻһˣҾҪҴʧһʥλãҵģ
ƣһֽնɱ
ͻȻֿЦҡͷΪС㣬ڵΪʥתռĸ֣ΪѾǶǿߣһЩֶκ²ռռǿߣ񾳽ϵǿߣǳѶԸʮǰѾͻ񣬶Ѿתľ磡ĻϵǿһתͲĶ֣ҲĶ֡ԣ黹Ҫӳ飡
ΪԼĶıֶγռİһˣܰκ鶼㵽ϸţ
һߣΪߣֶκǻۿƺͲһУ
ҵ濪սĻҵ޷濹⣡мңƾߵ𽥴Ӹңÿζĺ޺ۼ
ҽ˥ܣ෴ǿγ档
ҲûңЩҺҵұֱǾҷ
ҶԸҵʱ򣬱ϴΪ룬ȴѹңѾȫ氵жԸҵʱһڹ
ͺˣ㻹Ǯ
֮󣬵ҵѹ֮ʱѾΪʱ֮Ƴ׽Ҵ壡
ַҡͷЦףȷСˣףһ£Ϊʲô磿
ַ翴常׵ΪҲ壡
Цʮת
ʮת
͵񾳽絽ת֮󣬾ҪѡתƵ꣬ʼѡħ޵ĳΪ飬ʼռ֮ħ޵ۣûҲ޷תƵ꣡ΪޣֻһһļǿԶ޷ľ磬ԾͳʮתϵȻħһַĳħħǳѣħʮתʱûнתƵ꣬ôһΪֹڴˡ
Ȼħ޷߿ģħţҲα񣡶û߽񣡶㸸ףһα񣡡
ַЦף㽻֣
ЦӣҵΪһ׻ľ룬Ҫɱ㣬һӾɱһڴΡ
Ļû˵꣬һѾ޽ϣڵѾȫѹƣûиӦַô֣
Ŀڴ㵣翴һһ㿴ԼĶӣģ
ֲǣһʥתȻܷסһʮתôܣоΣգַҪɱԼԼʮתҲһغ
˵ľͷַȫϼ켸ҹҲ˲ΪоΣգ
ַսҲɿ
ַôսģûп񷽲ŵһжǻþһ㣡
ʹһԼϵ⣬һʹԺ
ⲻΣҲǻþ
һģ
ӣôģ
һĺ棬Ҳһļһ𾪣
ףҵ츳ܡʱסҲǽңһȫûзڶҵľ̫ˣҲлɳˣĺ͸׽֣ҿ϶Ǹ׵Ķ֣ԸǸƣӦûʲô⡣
ʱ
оǳİûַͣٶȣǳ϶ԼĶӶԸûκ⣡
ãӣȻˣݼʥĺѡˣһҪʥ֮λ
һļɫ
ӣλҿ϶Ը㣬һҪңﶼȥٹ꣬Ʊ֮ʱڳȥʱɱһֲ
ַ뵽ף㶼ô꣬ȥûõģҿԶҲȥֻҪʥһҪҳȥȥʲô£ܲȥôѵΥôΥʲôӦñɣ˵˵Ҳڣķֻܶһʱûõģѵͷڹôı㣬ԸҵĻһ
˼ַ˵


407 սȺ
ףȻһˣҾҪߵع飡ʹȥʥҪսƣɱƣʽΪʥļ̳ˣôʥһĵλȻֻǿռӵĵλܶ¶᷽ܶ࣡ʱҵĵλһ֮£֮ϣԸҲҪʾ֭취ˡҪҼʶʶҵ
쿴ȻĶӣľԼˡ
ĸŶԸңһɱʥķҶɱʲô
ɶ
챻ַĻŵĲӣ˵ģɱʮ֮һĹķ
ַ絭ĵǣɱһڻҵĵء
챻ĲڵϣǳŶӣ
ҹ̸ַ罫Լе鶼˸ס
Щ£ǲܸ˵ģǶԼ׵ˣַѡޱ˵
ַ֪һħ֮ʱ𾪵ľκˣ죬٣Ŀڴ
һħ
֪ԼĶһħ֮ʱ񾭲
찡ӣ¿ɲܸκˣҪȻͻΪ˵ĹУ
İɣסַڣ½磬Ѿɡû˻ɵҵģ
һħԺӵ·к֪ܳܳΪʲôܽռˣΪʵ
ӳɳǺɨϴڣ
ڣԼʲôõʲôԼ˵ģǸƨʲô
ûҺͶӵݱƨ磡
뵽һĴоԼĶѾ޵ˣ
컹ЩĶӲҵĶ֣ڿʱܱӲڽ£
ˣסַʦͳȥħô½Ȼħô½ûǣҹħ½ףû˵Ϣ
ûСҹңҲʥ
ַ
ʥͨ˿Խģ֪ʥ˱ҿƣȻóȻʥˣħ½϶һȫĵطȴᣡ
ڶ죬ַݷʮ˵ܡ졣
ַ翴һδ󺺣ļ߸ߵĹ˸оһִ³Ĵ󺺣
֮䣬ַҲ϶ˣ켸ûһĻ¶Ӵİţ쳣չս֣ȥڵºʥ¡
ַڲףΪʲôһ˥ˡ
ȱٵ˲ţ
Ը׺ʮԸôܺϼ޻ȥ
磬ַǰʥܲҵĵ̣Īƺͺһͬǰ
ķǳȣɢϢʵһƱˡ
ӵĻع޵ľϲڷ˶ĻںޣҲ¸ϣҲҴϣ
ʥǱ֮ڣ˴˳
ַЦӭĳϣ麯˵ʥĺѡˣҿû뵽ԭĴӰǺǡ
벻Ļأߣ
Ŵ϶Ѿˣ͵ˡ
ʵַǹٵġ麯˵ڶȥʥ;ʥ̳֮£һ磬һַ˯ź͸׳
쳤һڣȥ
ַ簵̾ԸֱͲĶ֣
ȥһ·֮Цӯӯκɫôÿ嶼⡣
ڲûʣǽڶǽӲӣ߹ŵĸֵĿۻңѪɫĵ̺һֱſ棻ܺеζϺõľʯ죬۸񲻷ơ
ַ翴ʹһ㣬Щ
ַһֱȽϲº͸ɾĶַҲΪǿߵסӦöǹӺʹϢֿۻңʱûһֵĶ
룬һı֮ϿտҲַûеʥȻ
·žŴϣʱʣַˡ
ŴϿַ˶ˬ´ϿʼģѾˣ
ַһˣ·飬ƤЦĵѽ˼λϣǲ˼ˣȥ˼Ů棬Ǽ椣ĺ㣬ԣһϡѽҶеģǶģҾͲ˵ˡ
˻Ϊʲôˣûأֱ˵ģԭȥ̻֮ˣ
Ȼ
ʥ½Ϊʥׯϵĵطһͺ˵˵˵꣬Լ˸λú£ȻƱԴȡ
ַһ֮Ȼ۵һ˳絽Աߵһλϡ
ޣ
ʲôƨƣôôѺȣ确¥Ļƺúȣʲôˣӻһƣ
󵨣
ҵİλ϶ŭһƲסԼ׷վŭַ硣
һ飬ַʱףʱһһľϲġ
ѵνľϲ
Լ涼ˣҰ˸ϷŭıɫоЩ˷ܣ
ַһãȻλϣ˵ôֻʵʵ˵ѣˣȥ˼椣Ǽ椰ƤֻۣǸָС
סڣ磬ںԣ㡭
˵λַһƵϣⳤѾŭ죬˵ĵطȥ߸һھƲ˵ⳤַ˺Ƭ
ַЩίĿλϣϲǼ椣ȥ㲻Ҫҷϣһ
㡭ˣҸϳȥ
ʱսʿ̿סЦַ
ַͻȻ͵վλŭȣϣʲô˼ҪԴСôҽμʥ̳֮ıԵģ˰Ҹϳȥʥһ㣡
ʿַĻȻվַԱߣҶˡ
ôĿûлλã
ַЦܲλã˵ô
϶ʿϳȥ
ʱŭ˭ҽҶӸϳȥϣʲô˼ѵ㵱Ϸ򲻴ô
ϵϣĶֱʥϣûгͷѾˣֻǽϳȥѣѵҵô
ˡ
ַ缱æܶԣãҳȥˣǼǵĻᣬˣǧסңһʥ֮ıҲңҾҸҺСӱˣŶǲˣˣˡ
˰ʲôǲԣи˵Ļô
ַ˵꣬ȥ
Ȼַߵĺ֪˲ԼߵģԼҲߣ
޳ܣ޳֮
ԱߵĳѾܲˣڿڴ
ָ߸ϵˣÿĶǱ˵Ĺάǰ˵Ҵʲôʱ飿
˸˵˵һ䣬ЩͻһԷǴǴĶӣǸҶô
ûһĶ֣
ңҺұǷǳģⰵʲôϣ⼸һֱǷǳƽģʥҪﶯô
ַתŭǽߣҲˣ޳ܣĳϣʲôݣʥϣ߸ϵݣ㾹ȻһС޳ܣ㲻¶ô
Ҵӽڣ˵һ໰ô˵Իû˰أΪϣȻˣ
㡭
ַӸ£ʲôң㵽һң˵˵˵Һû꣡
ĳһİ׺ôˣһԻ˵˵ֻǶһССĳͷǿҵˣͳְˣ
ַһĲ⣬Һ˵˵ʲôʱ˵˵ˣ˵ʵѣҸսҶƾƣʥûҾ˵һЩôҿĵ£дҿһ£ҺĺǿģȴҷŭҪҳȥңҪɱңǹҧʶģǺûñ
£ĲŰ
СӣϷҪѵѵ㣡
ĳԲסˣһַɿ˹ȥ
ʥҰ˴ϵϣַѾָƣĳϵΪʮһת
Ȼĳֻѵһַ磬ʮһתֻһƽַɣ
ַЦ˿ĳϵֶڵϣһҽС
ַھϯϵģ񶯶ûж
û˿ַ֣
ַһȻȻ󾪿ֵĵĳϣôˣѵ֪ԼˣԼָϴҲôݰɣ˵ԲҲԭˡ
ַ縸֮⣬˶ɫѿ֪ʲô飬ȻЩ˶ûлַ綯֣
ĳϱϾһʮһתǿߣܱһ󱲷ϵֱۣ˶ûз֣
ԸĳԼֱۣҲַģ
ַʱټޱǿʶԼϢ˭ܲµԼ
ô£
ʱһһ͵ߴӲ˳
һۼ֮һɫľ죻òʮ£һһˣѯʡ
ʥʥ
ĳϽ¸ʥ
ʥ˽ľ֮üͷ壬˼ŶȻ£Ŀ֮ĳϣֳûһ˷˭ģ
˶׷ױʾǧȷַһ޹
ʥɢʶʥûзκ쳣
ҵ˶ΪһصǿѾǱʥ֧ң
Ҷ϶ǿˣ
ŵ飬Ҹһ
ʥĿⶢ죬ϣҲ֪Һҵ£ұ˴֮Ǽѣ˫֮䶼ǹƽĻǻ˹أΥʥķġ
ʥˣҴû
ŶʥЦţǷŵνͣ
⡭
Լӵ϶˵ȥ
ַʱڳϵ⣬ƤЦĵ˵ʥֻ۾ˣ
ĳִŭ󵨣Ȼʥ񣡡
ַƵĵôˣѵҵĳࣿѵԶҲд㿴Ҷʥ˵ЦӯӯôĿҳҳѿѿҲдôһŮһСһС̬ǳĳŶ˵ô
ҿһֱ󺰴УͷŭҪˣ˵ңԲСһֱµɣ
˵һֱʥ㣡һֱûаʥҲɣ
㡭
ĳֱ˼Ѫ˹ȥ
˷ܲѣӵȷ仰ͽĳˣ


408 
ַһַǳֵǿֶʥʥˣǲӦøڵϣǳĸͿ˵һ㶼УǲǶԵģ
϶ǶԵģÿʥ˶ӦˣǱַôӿ˵ʥЦá
ʥһ˿Ϊ˾ɱ⣬ЦأЩȽڶ֮ѣ⣬үԸѣ֮ˣġ
ַʱվָļλҵĳϣĵûǼûʥǿߣĸˣľѾϵľ磡Ǽľ̫ˣҺҲǵˣѣ˵Ǽ䣬ǾĲУҪԲУҪѪģҪԵģ룬ǵĵˣ˵˼䣬ôսǵľһӰ죬֣ͬһ΢ķǾͻʬ޴棡
ַôֺĽѵҵڳϣҵĳѾɫ˻Ұɫȴֻܱţ˭ҽĻǵˣһˣ㻹˵ʱô
ʥĿһֱַĶţʮûλع飬ô䣿ѵĲ˫̥ܵô
ǲǣû֤ݣҲʣһʵĻֲ֪ʲô
ʥϣ麯ѾˣȻùӴҲôڣǱԾͿʼɣıԷһʤ߾һʥ̳ˡ
峤ϣأ
ȥС
ַֹĥǹǲеΣʵУ֪Щôӵġ
仰峤ϲԵ
峤ϻûгȥִ˹ǴҶ˶ˣʥ˶ˣĶӵţƣʥļӻ󣬾Ȼѵ峤ϰ˶ûзô
˶һӣϿ£Ѿ˯ˣ˵Ȳߵģڻ˼˵
峤ϼӿŲವһ¾ͲӰ˵ʲô
Ȼ룬û˸ҽĻ
ַ֪ɿ񣬼ÿ춼ʱ˷ǳ£ֻҪʱͳɳĿռ䣬һ嵽壡
ԣ죬ַһҪնɱڴˣ
ʮַ֮翴ơ
ò˵һӡ
һ׾ҵַ߱ĸһͷʵеĻСַѹȥַܽѹ顣
μʥμλϡ
ƻɢһƽȵϢһΡΡɽһѹڴ룬˵֮ƽ
ʱַ磬΢ЦǳĵãʮûˣЩСܿҪֽһˡ
Դһѱʺ͵һֱƵǰ
˿һĻˣǶ㴷ذ˵ӣҪѾϲϰִʲôʱ򰡣һòã
쿴һɫˬȻӵľٶܲŹۣǾܶһˣ
ɫһ磬ʲô˼
ַһȻʲôұͱʺҶô
Ʊҭסˣһַ硣
ۡ
ͻȻһƨ˵Ķڡ
ֱַӽеļϺݺһҿҸĶʲôʳѳҲˣҲų˼£͸Ҷʹ
ѽܡ
Ҫ˵𷽲ĳϵĲҾ磬׷ױͣ˭Ҳ˵
ǣոսƿɲַ֪Ǹʲôɫ
˴αԱƺַıԣַڱʺַƨȫǶƵ裡
ƶͷŭţŭȵ㾹Ȼң
ַµץżȣȻĿ˿˵ɫĿŻصƵϡ
ڸ˵ô
Ȼڸ˵
ַƲ͵Ҳ𣿡
ʲôʱҴˣ
ַŶ㷽Ŷˣ˶ɣôֲˣҼǵҴʮɣ㾹ȻҴ磬ղŻĪĽֲˣˡ⡭
ۡ
̲סһھ˳ԼһŰ
˵˵ƴŭնڱʺַƨⲻôɣҿ㣡ս
ַڳһʺֵ˳ȥĵ˵ұһ±ʺôҷŸƨҲҴС˼αʺˣ˼ƨˣǲǰȫҶˣ
㡭
Ѿŭַǳ⡣
ַУʲô㿴ң㿴ҿҹƨ£ҺôһҾͺҴ磬ҷ޳ܵһϡ㿴ңˣʲôʥҿʥʥ
ֱӰڱʺ¼˵ʥḻ
Ѿͨ죬ȫѾޣӴɱѾ֣
ַ޼ɵĵôɱôʥûԿʼأҪôҺҿǰѣһˣڶҶ֣ɱңɱң㶼ɱҰ㲻Ǻô
ʥûгֹΪ뿴ַĵϸҵҲ֪ƾʲôô޿֣
峤ʱæƣҪĻŭסڵ˵κλҪȥںֻʵ˵
׵ָ㣬ѾŭĵڱѹҲܿƽϢһ£ԼľȻô׵ļŭ
֪һĵ޷ŭǰԼľ֣ҵˣڱʺƨֵͼ˶ĵ޷ܵĶŻԼŭԣԼŻᱻŭ
ַʱ峤ϣ峤ϣʲô˼˵ǵĵ𣿣
峤ϵүˣû˼
ûǸ˼ղŶض˵ڵ˵κλҪȥںǲǾ˵ǵĵôʲô˼ѣôǵˣҾʥǹƽҸоӸղôصɱɱң£һͣ
ҵ˺޲ýַ˺Ƭһһ蹷˭ҧ˭
ʱʥڿˣˣղŵ´Ҷһᣡ˫׼˵ĻڱԾͿʼɡ
ַŵĶ峤ϵҸʥһӣƽϣסˣҳԣӣҽ
ַ˵ţַһƨ
峤ϵɫɫȫһѪ
Զ˵Ҫ˵ĻԼܲˣؼ̫ˡ
ʥʱǳĵ˴αʥһʥѡ֮ıԣƳսս֮䣬дΪмǲһһɱôʥ̲ˡ
ƿױõѪɫһַ磬˵컨׹ûõģʥѾǵıԿԿʼˣڣƾ汾˵Ҫɱ㣡
ַûƣվ뿪ϯ䣬ʥʥ˰ҾɲãȻ˵˵дΪԣҵȻû˱ɱ˱ˣ˷˱ܣҲˣƷѾҶɱģҲ˵Ҫɱңһɱô죿
ʥɫٵ˼ǣ
ַҵ˼ܼ򵥣ɴ֮ôνۣҪʹ汾¾ͱȫԸض֣˵ˣѧϰĿɶɱ֮һСĽɱˡ
ɫࡣ
һǿߣ񾳽ǿߣľѾǳߣַԻƦåһ˵ģΪʧԼݣΪ񣬸ȥһʱڿ죬ûõģֻʵ
ַץסЩ߸ϵ˵ץסǵ㣬һֱڶˣ
ڳ˶ַܺȥ֣Ϊǵݺÿ仰ʥǵľѾǲ£
ַڹĶǣֲܶɱַ磬ַ޿֣
ʥǿշ磬ĿƾԵ˵Ƿ켫ĵز֪˭˭ܣдô˵Ҳѣбʥǲɱġ
ַЦΪͣûе־磬ԣֻѧ˼ɱ֮Ŀƻûеĵز˵ˣƶ˵ҪɱˣݺΪѵ˵ܸƨһ𣡡
ߡ
óַҪ֮ս
ѵôɱƣҵļλ϶оַֻʥľ磬ѵʵ
ʥ룬ɶõţ϶ʲôʧһȻ֮սֻ˵һܻƣ
첻ܴԼĶ
˳ĳΪʥļ̳ˣʱԼλʱԸеʱ䡣ҪжԸ磬ͷۣҲһ
Ʋ޴ʧ
̲סַȳŭ磬֮սǰɣãͬ⣡Ӿ㣡ɣ
ͻȻ֣ǿӿ֣ϵֱӽ֣֮ڵļһæȥ֮ڵڻϵֱӻΪɻң
ַŭ͵Ϯ
˿ַûз֮±ƵĻϵ棬ҵ˶ΪַͻȻ͵Ϯɣ
ɱַ磬ҲҳһٸɽѹȥԴҲġ
һ̣ƵͻȻʧһ˱ճһ߸ʬ£һ˻ûа˺ۣվƵʮ׿⡣
µƣվŵַ硣
˿ȫյĸãһɹڿ
峤ϱҵĹֽһӡ
˶֣Ѿˣ
ʲô
˶ûпַô֣ȴˣַȴ˵վ
ַһľ㵣Ц۹Цˣ͵ϮңûаպãԼԼˣǻá
ҿû͵ʴףǿϧˣϧ
ַޱŵĴЦˡ
ȻƸʹַͬʱҲʹʱ
ʮתǿַ綼ɱͲҪ˵תˣ
峤ϴŭ磡ɱҶӣ
ַЦֻ۾ɱˣԼʹĻϵûаպãԼԼˣôɱģ
ԼԼĻţ˶ûпַַ֣ô˵ô˵
峤ҧгݣֻ۾ˣɱҶӣ
ʱʥˣڱ֮ɱҵˣչӦô
ѾַĻԵĳϲ֪ð˳ʥˣ
ļλ϶׷Ҫʥַ


409 
ŭǼʲô˼˭ҶӳˣʮתҶûѵǶˣ
ҿˡ
Ҳ

Ұ˴϶׷˵ˡ
ʥҲˣűѾʼƱɱ
ַ绹ǵ͹ҵ޳ˣ˵Ϲıҵ˸¯ࡣ
ִַЦãܺãҶô˵ˣôҾɱģɱôѵҪأ
峤ϵµĹأڱ֮Уһɱһô˾
ַŭȥιأôǣΪǰıԣҵôᱻҵ˷ϳϽıԣҵ˲ϳ˻ԣһֲˣ
峤Цǵ˲ûɱҵˣǻţͲΥ棡
һͲΥ棡ôһĹϵһͨˣܣ˻ԳһֲˣɱǸ˻̣
ַʥʥˣ֪ʦߵʱҺңΪУҲ˺ʥı֮ҲԣϴҶˣǰأЩ޳ܵĹ֪˶٣ﶼ͸ˣϻװôʥô
ʥɫࡣ
ҵɫ쳣ѿһұĿ챳ˡ
ַĻ޻
ô˵ĲôҶѣǼѣҶһˣЩҿڿߵģȻһˣԼļ˵ȻҪø԰ҾװȥûбҪﶷۣǾͰ̨ϣĶ˭ʥ֮λ˭ģôûȤ
ôǲǰɣҸǣʥ֮λҪˣﵱǵ治ɱƣҽҾͻᰵɱɱҲҲκ֤ݣĳϣһһİɱǶԸҵļһĺ޺ۼҲô࣬һ¹Ҿ͵ǵɱƣǲǰɣսңֻҪһ˵ɱң޺
󵨣峤̲סˣ٣㲻Ҫ̫Ҫǣʥҵĵ̣˺ƤǸӣҪ˺ƤΪǲң
ַЦβ¶˰ɣã˵ϲʲôֱ˵ܣðҾͺ
ҺҲܰﶷһϣһҪӣ˺Ƥ
Ҹ˺ƤΪѾѹĲܷ˺ƤҾͻӽһѹң
ڴȨգҲҪڽȻûбҪȥ˺Ƥ
峤ҲʶԼ˵ˣ˺ƤʼղãǶˣִַѹţôܵˣ
Աߵʱ٣ڱ֮Υ·һ˵κλûõģҲûжʲôκβ²˵ĻҲûõģ¶Ҫ֤ݣֻҪó֤ݣǾᰴʥķ£Ϣû֤ݣǲڵ飡㷽ɱƣǴҿģҲˣԣ㻹Ƿɡ
ַЦ˼ƲûֻǽˣҷһѾһ׳նѣѾ˾綾ĸãֶûнҩģ£
ʱ˵ʶƵϸ̽ȥƵ֮ϵȷûϢ֮ȴһЩϢε
㣬ϸȥ̽Ƿֲ˵ģԣŴҶΪˡ
ƺʲô
峤ѣ磬ɱҶʲôֻµҳ˰׳գɱ
ַŭʲôɱɱôֻҪûͺãڳȥˣʲôʱҲҪͷôһ߳ȥ˰ɱˣҲôϽԵˣֲˣˣôҲҪڵʥͷô
峤Զԣ
峤˶ǰֶѾյĲҲ̶õ彥ĸãȷ˾綾
Ȼ綾Ǻڹ֮Ƴģʮת޷⣬˵תˡ
ѽҩ
ַ粻мĿ峤ϣ˼˶޽⣬УҲ㣬ܰô
峤ĿˣҪɱ㣡
˵ַ꣬Уʱͦ峤ǰݺһƽ峤ϴɡ
ŭ붯ҵĶӣǲ
峤סؿһѪһֱӽˣַǳأҵˣͺ֮ǣһƿȥƽ棬ʵʮɹֱӽ峤ϴʣ˰
ַʱתʥʥˣѾʥ˸˰ɣ
˿ʥѾˣȴܷαʤǰ⣡
ַǰδ¹򣬶ĵڣ
ڣʥΪʥߣӽ쿪ʼݽ֮£֮󣬱λʥ㣡
ʥּ⣡
ַЦЦõһ֮£֮ϵˣҪݺúõһˡ
ַʱʥˣ峤ɱңʥ˴أʥأ
ʥһ㶣ҧű˲ţ¹һʧ
ʥôС£Լɡ
ַԼʱʥ֣ԲŹôһʣʥѾ˵ַ紦ôַ͡úáĴһ£
ʥţַ粻Ұ峤ô
ʥ͹ַĵ
ַθߵع飬ҪɱӺҪҸ壬ԼʥݣԼˣ
ַ峤ϵ峤ϣǰҲʥ㣬ɱ֮ͬʲô̷
峤ɫ࣬磬㵱ҵ
ַǳĵʥħ½İʥķһҲ˵ˣֻҪ֤ݾ;ϢϷȻҪˣҪȻҪʲô˵ˣ֮ʱƶģѵ峤ϸҶڲ
û峤ϵأַָ峤ϼһ
峤ŭЦãɱͬߣʥ̣
ֵַôأ
峤ƣʲôϵ
峤û룬ߵ壡
ַã峤ϣԷôϤ㷽ɱңʥ˵زأһ̣
ڶʥɱʥôǷˣһĵױȽҿɲʱӾ˿ɾͲˡ
㡭Ѿ˵峤ϿƲסԼŭһѪ
ˣ峤Ͼ͵
ַ
˵һ㻹
ʱ˶ĵһţʥڳǰɱ峤ϣŪãͻ˺Ƥ˶
ʥæ٣Щ˰ɣ峤ֻǶײһﲻɣ
ַʥһЦʥѿҴͲͷʥˣԼܴôСҶ˵Ļһʲôʥأ˵ʥط乫ǳϷȻҲҪҪȥʥϺڣ˽ЩǧãҪȻǺԷڣҪ֤ݣ峤Ҫɱңô˫۾ˣҸ׵סҵΪ϶ᱻ峤ɱν֤ɽұִ
ַĻֱӶסʥĿڣ
ʥھͺҷڴվڿıԣȻЩ˶ʥ˶ۣжף˺´ȥȷʥɺܴӰ졣
ַʥֵΪʥŹ峤ϣô˶ΪҺ۸ҵʱʥ֮λҺԴȺۣҺԿ棿ԣ峤ϱ
ʥû˵û˵϶ĬַĻ
ַԴԶʮսʿһˣ峤Ͼ͵
ַĻ䣬ǴԶʮʿûһ˶֣
Щ˶ҵˣôܶ峤϶֣
ַЦðʥûʲôȨˣҵǲǰɣ
ʥʲôţŶˣǷ
ַԸ״ִȫɱ
ǣˣ
һ˷ܣѪڣеǳ
ȻӸҷȥԼʲôȥʲô
ûиܹӽи׵ôˬ
ʮתĸ֣ҲʥصĴϣЩʿҲȫ񣬵Ƕһת񣬸޷⣡
˹ȥֱӿʮͱʳڡ
Ŀ֮£ʮʿͱɱ
ʥҵڳɫǳѿû
ʱַĿƳ˴ҲʮսʿЩսʿַĿⶼֲѡ
ˣ峤Ͼ͵
ͬһ
ʮսʿˣǰ֮ǲҲ
ʮͬʱ嵽峤ϵǰû˸Ҷ֡
ַŭȣҵĻû𣿡
ʮ˾еĳ׷峤ϵϿȥʮѳ׷۶ϣ
ʮڶ֮ʱֻһĽ
ַŭ峤ϣ뷴ôѾ󷢴ȱĿˡУķҾͽȫȫɱ壬Ǻǡ
峤Ŀ⿴ʥʥ΢΢ҡͷʾΪ
ôȥԸҶУĿ֮£ʥҲҶԸңҪҪǶ
񷽲һַɱƵĻʥԻַ
ַȻһʼͺֻ˵˵Ķˣûдʥ䣡
ַ
ַǼŭˣҵԼȦףǿڿ˵˽˵˺ƤҲ룬ǺðҾץסǵ㣬˽ҿʲô취峤ϣ
ʱ١
ַ壬ˣݣƽƽ
һ±ҭˣˡ
ִַ壬ҴʥѾӦҴ£òҪ죬ҪȻҾ㷴ҵ㣡У˶׼죬ҪȻͬ۴
ַǳİԵס죬ҳϵ춼סˡ
˸ʵѾ뵽˼Ʋ߾峤ϣַȴ˵
ַȻ֪ı㣬Լɱ峤ˡ
Ϊߣֻʥ磬ƾǻۣȴʥߵĺˣΰ˽ʥ嶼ʥҡ
˵ֻ죬һĹĹͣ


410 
ַ峤ϰд֪㻹иţиŮڲԹԵĻ㷴һ£ҾţŮеЩļҾ졭ˣеҶ̫࣬ŮôÿźңţŮһͬźң
峤Ͽ˶Լȴ޶ԣַ񶾵Ļڱ
磬Ҫɱ㡭
峤ͻȻַķ˹ȥ
ַ缱æ촫ȲҪ֣ٶ֣
챾Ҫ֣ȴ
ַһ֮ǰ峤ϴ
峤ϱǰͱ˸ڱ֣Уͱɱ
ַ峤ϵһֱ֮ҽ˴ǽڣһ
ҵ˶Ϊ峤һɱַ磬ȴһѪ˴һƬ֮˳ҡҡλεվ֮һһѪ岽ѪĻ
ҵ˰Ͳַַû
ȻַȷˣѪװģȫַԼùƳġ
ַװķǳңܽ峤ٴζ
ַλϣַʱҶˣ峤ϷʵұǰҲʥΪʥ²ٺͣûйҲпͣǲɱģֻҪҵϴҾԭˣһȽġ
ַ硣
ϾڸʥλãոξҪɱˣֻôҶз֮ģɱ峤ϣԺʥ֮λҺԷڣҺԿƴ֣ڲɱǽġ
갡㷽˵ɱ峤ϺԷڣ
갡˵ɱ峤ϺԷڣ
ôʲô˵ˣ
̾˲ŰڵĿ˵ɰ׵ģ׵Ŀ˵ɺڵģô˵
ǡҪԭʱȻ͵Ϯңɱң
ַһߺޣǿ벻̣ұ峤ϣ峤ϱô
죡
ڣ
ַ峤ϼӣȫţ
ǣˣ
֮˳ȥһ̾Ͳˡ
ַºҪɱ峤ϣҪɱ峤ϵȫң
ӱϿַ峤ϣ峤ַأַƵ·ߣַµɱ
ʵôģַԼ
ʱŭ٣ǲ̫ˣ
ַҲŭϣˡ
ֱˡ
ðɣ˵ôˣ˵ȻΪ㷽˵Ļ˵Ǹ
ٸһѹˣ
ɱ峤ҲˣΪɱȫң
ַûлش𣬡ôѵ۾Ϲôұ֪ڸģҵǸô򵥵¶ɱңҿ϶Ҫȫң
һˡ
ʥʱڣˣıԴҲѾˣλûʲôµĻҿɢ˰ɡ
ַ缱æ£
Ŷʲô£
ַ޳ܵĵұ峤ϴڻˣʥĵ̣ҿǿˣĵұˣܵ⳥Ұɣ
ʥһһףˣ
ڣ
ȡһƷܸˣ
ǣ
ܣƷҲĸߵȻҡ
ڵ͵ȻȻʯƷʯ֮Ͼǻܣ
ƷʯʮƷʯҲǳ٣Ծ˹ȥֻҪհƷ;ƷʯﵽƷʮƷʯõһġ
Ȼõͽʯ߽ʯҪĲҲһǳӴ
һǧƷʯһƷʯǧƷʯ൱һʮƷʯ
ΪʥֻнԼԴﵽԲԼĶ򣬵ʥת֮󣬲ſͻ
񾳽֮󣬾ͿʼԼ񣡶ֻܽԼΪԺת֮ת»
Ҫ񣬾ҪĻܣûܵķɱޣ
޵һ֣޻ҪǿƳһͨ޵ʮϣ޷ֳҲȽϿ죬̱Ƚϵ£ϹŴ˵֮УǴ֮ĸŮ֮ʱʧƷ
ħô½ʮɽ֮Уи߽׻ޣɱ޷ǳѡ
Ȼǵ̵£սǳߣЩ˰ϵĻޣսѾ磡
żͻʮ֮ϣ϶Ϊһתϵǿ߲֮ܽڵתƵ꣡κͻ걬飡
Ȼַһ࣬ǳ֮죬ѾȫԴַͲҪֻҪתľ֮󣬽תͺã
ַȱٵֻǾѣ
ЩܶԼûãǶԸ׻õġ
ַôթʥһʣȻҡڵĺ͸׻صҡ
ȥ֮󣬸˺Ⱦף
һֱҴѹƣ죬ַսȺ̶ۣɱ峤ϣƣ峤ϵȫң
ҵƨҷţҸҽ棬ҿνһͿأ
ڳ֮ǰû뵽ֶַκĻ
û뵽ԼĶӸûаκ˷
֪ԼˬˣǽΪѾ׵ļŭңҾԻԸԼĶӣ
һʱ֮ˡ
ȫұһٶȫɱһڶûУ
춯ɱ֮ʱҵ˶ûгֹ
ȻʥѾҪȻ»زˡ

ַôסңڵȴ˳֣
ַʥħ½ֻ֪Ҫ꣬Ϳ˳ΪʥַҷǳȫڵȴôԸԼ
ȻַҲûţڴչʯħֵ
ֻҪдʮƷʯͿԽڵĴħּ
ħô½ַ綼֪˶ʮƷʯˣǵһħֲżһѡ
ħ½İƷʯǳ࣬ƷʯҲǳϡУǱħô½ҪϺܶࡣ
ȻչǶһûȥһ
һʮĻܾܶһʮƷʯ
ַʥһٸƷʮܣ
ħ½ٶ˿ڣһʥ磬ʯǷǳģֻҪлܣ뻻پж٣
ַõϢҲǷǳģǽȴһˮ
ַ磬ʲô˼ǲ֪ʯħҪ𣿾㲻ͣģ߲ݵûһʱǲܵģ
ַԴŭһꣿ㵱ôģ
ֱѪ߻ħֱֵаĺڰ˵ôˣʯȻסħֵԺϢʮƷʯ֮ǰħֽħʧĵطʯȥҲһ룬ħʲôħЩ͵ȵʯô
ַ߲ѣ˵ħֵԵԵʮƷʯȥ
û˵ʮƷʯħһ㣬Ȼϣᱶ֮󣬵ʱħ󷨡ȫգܿٽħֵûˣʧˣħָͻתֱ֮áħ󷨡ɡ

ַ֪Լ嶼ģԼľûȥ
ǾôȥÿԼѰҵħĶϽҵħ֣Ϊýȥģ
˴˷
ַܸоԼȫֻʱ츳Լģ붼Լģ
Ȼ˵ԼĹҲѾʥתΪԼľ类ѹƣ޷һ
ַ֪ԼľҪѰµľħħ֣
ħ½϶µħֺ;ħĶϽַֻûʱȥҶѡ
ַҴ£죬ʥˣ˵ʥټַ硣
ַ͸׻ʮǰ
֮ϣʥҵļ϶ڡ
֪ʥк£
ʥԴħս֮սѾǧ꣬ǰɽ޷ƣ˲أΣ½ʥǰ֧ԮһǳѵõĥᣬΪʥļ̳ߣȻҪȥĥĥԣҽɳǰȥɽ֧Ԯ
ɫ䣬Ȼ֪ҪԸԼĶӣ
ʥոջжʮûʥʥڲ鶼̫˽⣬սҲһ֪ûʲô̵ľ顣ڴ½󶥼ԮȻʧ̬أҾ¹غż󶥼ɵҲûʲô飬Ҫ飬ǲǰȥʵΪס
ʥϣΪǷȱ飬ҲŽôѵõĻøȥúõĥĥҲ֪жſǰȥһչ֣ǶҾܾˡѾжʮûлʥ˵ģԺܶ鶼̫˽⣬ȥЩɴùϵԮǣʥݺЩ½սʱģԺλ֮󣬶ƿȫִкôһ⣬Ϊأ
ַأ˵ôûʣ
⡭ˡ
ʥϲصģһɳ߳ϡųϡʮϻһǰȥ磬ʲôµġ
д󺧣߳ϡųϺʮڳ֮ΪߵģҲĻ֮ˣ
ǰַսȺۣλϴӿʼʲôû˵ǲ˵ȴһֱڹ۲ַ磬ҲôȥԸַ磡
˼һּ壬ΣĸһҪַأ
ַʱȻϺ帨ңţһ壡
ã²˳٣ľԮҲ̲ݻԣһ磬Ǿͳɡ

ȥַ֮͸׻ʮ̸
ǰȥ׶༪٣ңҪأΪҪӦ
סַ֪ǵʱҲӦʲô취ʥǵ·µģһҧһжΪҺãʲôȥȻûãʹʹĴӦɱңҺγɱǣ
ǣӣϵΪʮתңڵѣδʤ㣬϶ͽ㲻ܿģҵˣҲֻѻʯ
ʥЩ񾳽֮µˣֻʥѲ߻ߴӵģΪʥǲҪЩΪ͵ˣ
֮½ΪϣֻҪͺãҪʥ
ȻʥҲÿһЩʺõһЩǱʥΪʥ
ʮҵ
ַף㲻صģҲҪҵˡҴ򲻹ǣҵʱҵٶȣܾûģ㸸״ɷġ
ֶӣõģʱҺ㸸ϳб㣬Ҳܽǻܣ


411 Ȧ
ַ׺ʮȥǵȦף
Ŷ첻ĵʲôȦף
Ҳӣ뵽ʲô
ַ֯һԵһֱԸ׺ʮ壬Щ׺ʮһֱңͲɽûлҲûһʵȥɱ׺ʮ壡İѸ׺ʮ度ôɱϺͶôڽɱҪɵģɱ峤ϣȫңһǳɣиɻֻԿ
ȴͬˣһʥļ̳ߣ׺ʮ廹Ұһеϣϡʥȥɽ壬ҶᱣҵİΣʵҪĲǶԸңǶԸ׺ʮ壡
ԸҺʮ˵ܣôҪԸ˵ĻٶǰѾȫѹ֮ʱͶԸˣȵô
ҲǵǰܵģҶԸ˵Ļô˽Һʹô˵Ҳǵڶ͵ʥѾⷭģ˲ŵ㣬һٸҲҶԸģ
ַЦסʮ壬ǿ˵ڼǰҿжʮҵֻʮ򲻵񣬿أʮܹˣֻǧǵأ
ͬʱͷ
ַҴʳǵĵ̣ɱͶԸǵˣʲôѵ񣬶ɳǵȥÿһǰȥȫûǵڲ֪߽֮⣬ȵ׺ʮ巢ˣѾˣһ죬϶Ĺиɻ
ȥһ£˭֪ҺѺãִʥֱ׵ıֵܻףųϢҺõı׵軹ãǰʲô޲ҵ
֪׺ʮ忪ʼһٶҲŬ֣˼׮⣬׬˲٣ǱһδεѹҵѾ½ôȥŬɳ
ģ׺ʮʧȥģʮѧԼ֮ڵ±ͲôʣԴĸ׵Ͷӵʧһ겻Ҳ֪׺ʮѾԼˣǲԸңپҲԼˣԣȥԸ׺ʮ塣
ȻҪģֻԲԸ׺ʮ壬Ϊûһʵɣħ½׺ʮΪνħ½Ķ֣Ҫɱĸֳ֣ҵ֮⣬ҰѸ׺ʮɱˣǼ޻˭ʦ˹΢һ飬㲻Ҳ֪Ҹɵģ
ţʥһʦܵļʥһУǲҶֵġΪʲôʲô鶼Ĳۼ϶Щ˿ģ
׺ʮѾˣ⼸ҲȥԸ׺ʮˣֻҪȴʱ䣬ҾͻԼڣһˣҸߵع飬һɱҴֲ׺ʮ屾Ѿˣһع֮󣬸׺ʮѾ۷磬Ҳῴ𣡡
ɽħ½ĽأȻ⼸һֱڽɽҲȡ˷ǳĳɾͣɽΧѾռ죬ǽؾǽأգûȥҲ뵽ҪȻˣɽͱˣܵȵô
ԣʥβȥɽ֧Ԯ˵ҵȥȥЩ½ùϵʵǸҲһ壬壡ҪĿԲңǸ׺ʮ壡ң
Ѿʥݣҿ϶ᱣ֤ҵİȫ͸׺ʮҲ֪ҳȥ׶༪٣ԣ׻ʮȥңҸ־Ի㳲ңΣȫֳ׺ʮɱиֻ֮󣬼޻壡
޻϶УǼ޻壬ʱ޼ѰʱҾͻһƵһɶ׺ʮ廹ҴһĻҵ˾ͻķѣ׿
ʱɱҸãɱңˣ֮ôֻһˣѾûңܼλ֮ҪԸһҸɾͽɱˣ
һ˵һεʥʥȫҵˣҲһռӣʱٹʮ꣬һҪλǶûˣһǿôֻҪλ֮ʲôˣһлҵģ
ԣףʮβҪȥҲҪκȥһ˵Ļȥ˶Ļʱǳ鷳
ַ罫·͸һƬ벻뽫һ򾡣
ͬʱ˶ַѣ
룬ԼжһôھͲ䵽˵زˡ
ַҲã׺ʮһӢ޵еսʿԲϣȻҵĶҲ̫ˣǧ˼רҵҵļ壬ȫǿҵļ壬һôܺǱȣ
ߣƾǻ۾ͿԾʤǧ˳ᢣ£
룬ֵҪԸҺʮ˵ܣʥֱӰҺʮ˵ܺҵһɽʱһ򾡣ΪֻҪһȥأʡµĶô
ַЦʮ尡룬ʥʱǵȫɽˣ˭뵽ģʥֻһˣҵȫƿҵΪҵ֪ҪɽԸңҵϣô׺ʮ϶ȫң
ʱҵȫɽܹô˼ʥûҪ׺ʮȥҲûеҵǿߣΥǰȥŵĽʲôϵʥʲôϵʱһһжƵһɶұˣҵʱ侮ʯ˵Υʥжʥŵļƻʱһμͷϣ
ʱǵȫ˻һʱ׺ʮҵǧˡ
ǧˣ
亹ֱ
ʱĵ㲻иǬôװ治ˣʱģͻȻôǿߣɱĴֲ
Լǳãܿͱַһˮ
ַȻУǬװ˵Ļûһ˲ỳɵʲôҵҵҲʶװ̫࣬װҵˣͻᱩ¶ҵǬ¶ĻǾͻַ֪磡֪һħ֪һħ˭סˣʱҾͻħţĶԸң
ȥɽҵһˣôΪķģѵΪһô
֪ӦԵķǻǷǳĶӵİΣ
ַĵףʮ壬ǴɷģôģһҲѣɱңǺǡ룬ɱô¾ͽҴˡ
ͬʱͷļͷڣôҽɽ˵˶ô

ַ֮Ǭڻһַ罫ո˴ңƺûа·ϡ
Īȵ簡߼ˣƶˣٲҵǾͱˣΣðҵɽľѪǴ󲹰
Ī缢ƿʵӣȲҪҵɱ
ַƣΪôεǳأһСΪϣҪģԣҲźʹоо
Сèְ֡±ôģҵĴмɽﶼǸ߽׻޻ˣȥҲֻ·һСڣҺСѩڣЩ޺˶ҪǣҵǺǣëë桭
ëë棿ַ亹
ôַȻħ½ΪһҪѡħô½ħ½أ
Сѩʱַ磬ħ½ǿʹģħ½֮ϵ۵ʥ½ı۵ϵ۵
ַףħ½֮Уʥͺħô½֮źʥŵĴһȥưԴ½ûõģ飬˼ҵĿ磬ưԴ½ʲôã
ڶһ磬ַ·ȻǶǬ
ַȻǹһˣǬλ鶼ǷǳֲĴڣ
ǰҵħ½ܲʮɽɽĽأԴ֮󣬴½ܶһԿ塣
Ҫ壬Ҳϼѣⳡսעһ־ս
ڼʥԮҲ򲻵֮£ħɭΧȥ
Ҳûϣʥ֧ԮǣΪܶ飬ʥȣʥûȥ֧Ԯȥ֧ԮҲǷ¡
ΣʥȻɳ֧ԮЩ˴⡣
ҵڶ̶̵ʱ˼ʮԸַҵİ취վɽ£һ򾡣
õİ취İ취иɻİ취

忴ַһǰЩơ
Ҷţһ㳲һεʥʱһ򾡣һݣ޻壬ʱħ½Ϊҵˡ
˭Ҳû뵽ַ羹Ȼһ˹ǰ
һҲãһ˵ĻӣɱʥȻҵˡ
ֻҪһֻһ겻񣬶ԸԸѾνˡ
ˣһģ忴ַЦӭ
ַ絭Цţѵ۾Ϲôô
һ±ˡ
㳡֮ϣַĿɨսʿЩȫһɫ
Щ˵ϼʮٸ˲ַ磬һԸַĻַҲǲӣ
߳ϡųϺʮϣʮתҪԸַ磬ַҲ޷
ôЩڰ·ҪԸԼĻ
ֶΣ¶ùиɻ϶ڰ·ɱԼϾַʥ֧Ԯɽ£ϢʥѾ˳ȥ֪£ôɱַĵصһɽ
ַ簵Цɳôǿߣð뽫һ򾡣ôǽɽһҲˣ
ǰַˣʱ䲻ˣѾȺ˶ʱˣǲǸóˣ
ַŭʲôʱҾңǵңٷϻҷͣ
챻ıˣһ࣬ľٺãҲܲ
Աߵλͬʱ鴤ţĲС


412 ɽ
ȥ˸ŪһӣΪһʥѵҪЩһô϶ҪŽӣ̧ҷУʾݣ
갡а졣
ӣȥŪӣ
廹Ǽȥ˼ҸӣǵҸƯһģ
ߣţɽڣ
ַŵĿ壬ңߣȥ꣬ǰǻأӽѹģ
ʮӹǼ֪ŪĺɫӣַҿӶǽĻΡ
塭ַС
ˣڡ
ǳ飬ֲ֪ˡ
ұ֤ʥĻÿ춼ľսɹ
ַŭĿӣ壬ȥҽӣҵʲôӣôʾҵô㡭
˵ǲǹҳңʥ
ַܻʹУ֪һʥʲôеô
Ųҽ˰ϳȥնˡ
Цıȿ޻ѿˣⷽԲһˣҲ֪»֮⣬ûõϽӡ
ַ֣ˣҾͽһºˣô¶첻ã治֪ҵ˶ǸʲôԵġ
ַĻȻڳ˶񾳽磬ַĻһ̽ǵĶ
඼񣬵һֱĹΪҰ£ַ統ңǿ϶ܲˣ
ܲҲҪܣǶѾ֪ʥǰն峤ϣǿɲҶײʥ
ϸ嶼û˵ǹײ
ַˣϺɫҲס
Ǻãҿ̵ס
ַƵĵҼǵǰһСƣʲô£ĺܺá

̡
߳ܲˣŭ磬˵ҵǹ
ַ絭Цţһ㶼ˣ
߳ϿѪˣˣ㷽˵Ļʲô˼
ַЦ߳ϣʱô㾹·ϣ
߳һͷײ
ûУҵȻ·ϣֻ֪˷˵Ļʲô˼ûס
ŶַЦûëɣҪҪҸҸҽΡ
갡ëҽ
ųʱˣ֪һʥҲ֪һ֮֮ϣ˵̫ˣǶҵ裬Ǹ
ʲôҺ߳һ䲻ʹ˵ʲôַĺܴ
˵ҵ˵Ǹ
ַ粪ȻŭҵǸʲôݣʲô̬ȸ˵ǲǲӸ㣬Ӿѹ㣡ӾҪ۸ǣǣôΣǲɱҰӾ˵ҵǹ
ȫǹ
ǾɱңǲɱңʥҾһЩǵĲϣ
ַǹ⼤ŭҵˣַ㶨ǲﶯ֡
ôǲѪǲķ飿ãҽѵһ£һôˣӾȨ
˵ʲôʲôǹӾ͸ָǵıӴأ϶ұ׵ãأɱҵˣѹңɵĶǼ˵Ĺ
ĸױҵ˶Ǽʮ˱ǺһᱨңһὫҵɱһɶһʣ
Ӹ˵Ǹô
溺ӣأһǱ޳ܵСˣ
ʲôðʲôб¾ɱӣ
ַһλ϶۾ŬŵԼ
սʿñַĹѪͷǱЩ˷סַ˵κһ仰
û˵ûиҽַĻ
ַ籾ôģΪûõģֻܼҵŭѣַһĸ׺ʹһ¿ƲסԼ
ַˣˬˣӣ˯棬˽ң˯ˡ
巭Űۣҧгݡ
ڴһʱࡣ
ÿҲǳһ
ÿ˶ַ˵ȴսһۣ
ڳ
ĸ̧ŽڿзУַΧŷС
ﵽɽҪµʱ䣬Ȼһֱٷп϶УÿҪϢ
Ŀи·϶ǳŽݾֱӽʮɽɽֱ߸ȥ
֮󣬴һƬ֣Ϣ
ڳԺȵĶԴģڿռָͺá
ЩϢ˯һ壬
ûȥַ磬ַ顣
Щ˶ԸԼԼôԸЩأ濪ս϶У
ôööҲУЩ˶񣬺ܿᷢ֡
ϵʶַڵλǧ׷Բܲ͸磬˵ˣھǵְ𣬱ַ硣
ַϢ˷ȫ񣬾ַڤħʱҲܴķ֮ӳȥ
ԼӣûжԸԼôӣԼǵϴսָӣˣǴ
ڣַôģһһµ壬û˿취
ܿ죬ʱѹڽɽ
Ҷల£Ҳڰ·ַɱǱ
˵ģɱˣҪɱʥҲҪݲͬһ˰ɱҲˣʥһҪװףЩϼһҲ鲻ʲôһҪĵˮ
ʥǰħ½ͷĿԴǧӭʥˡ
ַ粻ʶЩˣЩ˽һһһɽ
󶥼һڣһڡ
ǧһΪѾʮһתһǧ񣬴˴ον㳲ɽ
һΪʮתҲ˰ٶҲǴȫɽ
֮⣬ĴССҲ򣬲ЩɰӪկֻ󶥼ɵ̵ǧ֮⡣
ɽǻɽܲɽԴһɽ𽥱ռ֮󶥼ΪԼĿ궢ɽ
ɽдĸ߽׻ޣֹĻޣ󶥼ɱһֻĻԺ˫ͷ㳲ɽ
ʼʱںǵжԹϵź͸߽׻޵ĽսͻȻ֣ɶΪܲڼʶ˸߽׻޺֮ˣ
ɽѾȡ˷ǳĳɹǰںѾħɭΧɳʮʥħɭ֣Ѷȫޡ
ħɭ֮ڣʶֻܸǧ֮ڣдĻޣһЩ͵Ϯ޷ƣ
ʧһЩ֮󶥼ɵҲɽ
ǣ󶥼ʥԮ˵ҵܲҪʥԸ壡
ʵʥǲ£ʥħ½İҲԼĻ޵̣ЩѾ㹻ʥǿãҲûȤȥռٶĵ̡
ڣʥҪԸңպýᣬһ򾡣
Ҽַֻһˣ
һҲãʥܶɽ
ħɭ֣
ѵħô½Իɭһô
ҷģȻʥˣνħɭ֣ʥһͨʥͿʼħɭ֣Ϊȥ̽·̽ʵ֮㡣
ǶлˣлλϺ
һ£
ַ壬ָӰɣҶû˵Ǿ̸ˣûаҷ
ַʲôָʾ
ǺǡʵҲûʲô壬ȥħɭ̽·ɣϢٻ֪ͨҡ
һ㶣ǽȥɱ㣬㲻ȥɱ˭
ЦˣҲ˵ˣָӣ˲ȥȺףôУ
ַ絭Цţ˵ǡȥħɭһλ˽һ£ν֪֪ˣս
尵룬˽ɣħɭﶼǸ߽׻ޣĸ߽񣬵ʱǴȥ壬ֻ·һ
ַףҪԸԼ£϶֪飬£ʥ˿϶֪ˣôλһܵõһЩõϢ
ַλ̸ħɭڲ£λܺʥʥĽ̸Ҳǳˡ
λͺޱĽħɭеϢַ硣
ַҲ˵ס
ûɱңɱңǿƣ
ô㲻һӵǬ
ڶһ磬ַħɭֽ
λԶԶĸʥ档
Ȼʥǰ⣬ֻܴںǿ϶ܺʥһж
߽׻ܣҲʥҪĶҲ
ʥǰ棬ĸ߽׻ޣʥģ
ȻҲã˲ɿĵ֮ʱʥǰ濸ţԼҲ㡣
Ԯʥʥħɭڵĸ߽׻޺ЩһЩҲÿħɭ̡
ʥԲɵ̡
Ϊʮɽ֮к߽ܶ׻޳ûĵ̶ʥƣʥǲȱô̵ģʥȻǴ½Ҳļŭʥ¶һ֣¶Լ⣬ܱ֤ʥڿƴ֡
Ҳ˼ңʱⶼᱻˣ
˶ڵߣûڿзУħɭֵϿձɫ֣ʶ߶һΧڣȿаȫĶࡣ
ɭֶԲΪЩÿŸ߶ȶڼϣï֦Ҷ˷ɢȥ֦֮Ҷݺύһ𣬽յʵʵ
ʮӹһϿȣвʬǲкܵĵһЩСֲﱻƻ֮⣬ͷĲȱ
Ȼ˶㡣
ַеɨΧ˵ɫǲûиоʲô棬Ǽǰȥ
ַܿ͵֪֪һУ
Щ䶼ڰϣ඼Ѿֻ̱Ƚϵ£Ƚǿ޸ҲǳֲûйԵģеһȻϣ汻Щ᲻ɴݣƻҲǳޣﶯ֣ţµ·ѷɣûз֣ԽǰߣԽܼ˵ǰǻ޵ĵ̣
Сٻҵ˿϶ǿλ϶ĵᳵ·ǿ϶ͼƻ˽ֻһˣǾͷģ޿ֵĽɱ
ַЦǵǿ˭ɱ˭


413 ãܺãǳã
ҵļƻҲǳ򵥣ַ޵ľۼأȻͻ޿սɱַ磡
ʱ޻壬ȥ֮ٽһʥΪ˱ƽսɽġӢ¼ȾһͿԸ㶨
ߣַ»ں֤ν޷죡
ҵ˶˶Ϊַ
Ȼһ˿϶Ҫַһģڸ߽׻Ⱥ˸ȫˣ
˸޷ۼһжΪ·ǳխ˶ǽڰ֮µĸ߿շУݺύ֦˺ܴ
ַϻ屻ǧ񱣻мǰУʣµ˴˷ɢ̽ܲԤ֪Σա

ڰʱ֮ǰȫһľ޺֮ϣţһ𶯣еʶҶ֪ǰʲô
Ȼ˻޾ˣ֮Ķ϶ǻȺ
ҵ˵ȴľǻȺ
ϺĨһ˿Цα뽫ȫûɱַֻһˣɱţ
ŲԤ֪ĻȺַȣ˽Уͻ޾һս
ַ簵̾ɣǴˣҲź
ܿǰѾĻɱַһο˻ޣ޷ǳ޴Сʮ׸ߣʮףһվһǰһС
ÿȫɢɫĹâЩâǿҲЩ޵ǿ
ͨĻûй⻷ģʮĻһɫ⻷ÿһ⻷ҲʮΪ⻷ǿΪȺɫȫвͬɫɫ⻷ĻޣҲʮ꣡
֮ɫ⻷ıɫÿ⻷һɫʮ
ϵĻޣÿ϶ϵĺɫ⻷
˿ǰĻ޴ʮϵĻޣǵսǳֲһת죡
Ȼֻ࣬ǧĴ
ŴĻ޽ߣַ翴ЩޣδЩľս
˵Щ޵սΣÿߴʮϵټɫĹ⻷ۻңһ·ʮһȺ֮һƬǽ壬ϵκǵĽ±ȵķ顣
ַΪָӹ٣ʱָߴս
һɱɱ
ǵĽǵƤǵѪǵ⡭
ɱɱ
ַָӣڶߺûǽҵ˺һ㡣
սһӵǰͻȺսһ
ǿƥǰʮֻըķ飬Ļ޺ηļȥ
һıըһ޶סڻ޵ľצ֮˺ƬֵĻ޽˺ֱ̽ַ緽˵һ㡭
ַ硢϶ڰȫĵطǧ񱣻ǸͻƼķߡ
ǧޣ̫ˣַսΣֻܷ޵Ļаַ
ȻҪɱַ岢
ⳡսû˿սʿĹ֮£ܿ죬ǧޱʬк
Ȼսǿ̵£ֻһԵƴɱͲĶ֡
ⳡսʥҲʧ˶ٶλΪĿռ䱻޴֦ҶգսҪеƣڿбգһ޵İΧȦѷɣֻ·һ
޵Ļܱȫȡ˳Ҳǻ޵ڵڵ޵ڵһ㶼һÿ޵ڵɢŲɫ⻷֮ϵĹ⻷ɫһ¡
ϵĹ⻷Ȼʧеľڻ֮ڡ
ޱǧٱǻһ޷Լշ࣬һ޷ΣΪӣӴǿ
ԽӴĻսԽǿͬи㣬Ŀ̫󣬶ҲܷУϵĻޣ嶼׸ϣȻǿޱȣĿ󣬾ٶٿ죬Ҳ޷ͬǿߵĹ
ԣſɱϵĻޡ
޸ַ֮ĵô壬λϣҵӢָ֮£޺ܿǴȫʤǴİ
ǳ˳飬Ӣָӣ˸˵һ㣬ߺ˼֮⣬ָʲôˣ
ȴЦӢ䣬ɱϣⳡսڴָ֮´ȫʤСͶأСȻĵһңҲĪ
ǳŹ֣ҧҲǳء
仰Ƿַ磬˵ĵˮ©
ޣֱַһڣϣڱǰ㻹ҺųƵһң㣬ЬʸûУҪǵһҵĻɽ֮Уָӣңô
ԼƣԼû½Ļ
Ҷ
ֲĽˡ
㶮ƨ
ַ㶮Ļҷƨôû°ͱյĽģҪҷƨҪѬˣ˵Ӣ㶮ģ㣬Ѿѧʮ㶼
Ͻַͣ籣ʮϾ롣
ѵ壬ַλԱߣЦʵλϣλñָӵô
߳ϿЦãá
ų治ɫܺá
ʮϱࣺǳá
λϿϧ𰡣ĲҶ˵һ֡
ַƲͣмʶԺѧŵ㡭
ѧ갡
ѧƨ
ѧʺ
Ƭ̣ҼǰУٶ˶ûʲôӰ졣
Ҽǰڰʱ֮󣬴һϿ֮
ʱһ·ҲɢļޣÿǼʮֻޣȻסǰĽŲ
ַһͣ
Ͽȿڴͣ
˶оԶ˼쳣ǿϢ⼸Ϣɢǿҵĵ⡣
߳ʱˣҸоǰ漸Ϣǰϻ޵Ϣܽǰĵ£ɱ⼸Ļޣ˻ȥǴһѾɽ꣬һʼ޷ƣܽħɭ£ĵ̽ɣ˿ڼǰţǸùϵЩķڷʱ֮ȫڶʱڿƴ֡
ں߳ϵĻһ˷ܣʥ½ǣǵһɱ
ųҲ߳˵ûһûᣡΪأ
ַǵȻǧѷĺûᣡĻޣǰкüֻսܽɱҵĴһϯ½ʱ򣬱ʥǧأʷһͳħ½
ʮǳ˳飬ЦȷˣԣΣǰӣǸһĻޣ
ɶҳǰô
ַ統ȻȥǰĻ޿ӵˣôأҪȫû
ַĿⲻĶ˲Զ塣
忴ַĿ⣬ɫǳѿѾģ
壬ȴǧȥ̽·ɡ
ң
ô㲻ôǰǸӣȥ
ΪѵĵˣΪߣֻǲıսʿԣ̽·ҷǳʡ
ַŭ壬Ҫһûõװ˷ʳô˶Уʲôô
ˣʥҳ´ָЩ©Ҹ˵ġ
ָ©Ҫ㸨ô壬ǵ񣡷ǵ񾳽磬һûвμӹսһ˲Ǿ֮սԵˣˣÿ˶зḻս飬ԵˣɱУϣڵһʱˣնڽ¡Щÿ˵ľ鶼ḻҪѵҪЩôΪûǸߣ̵ô
İȡ㹷ģڻʱ
ƻģ岻ģЩ©ǰ취ַڻ޵£
ҪķǳСģַһҪɱҪںڵ˿
Աߵ߳ʱȥ̽·
߳룬ȥ̽·һ
ַˣҴǰȥ̽·
϶һ㶣ûԴҩɣ
Ȼַںɵñ෴˶ΪֳַǸǳ֮ˣ
ҪȻ峤ܱһɵñɱôܱһɵñɱôһǹɱˮ©
ԣַͺԼͬһλã
оﲻԣһ֪ǰΣǱ֣֮ΪҪǰȥأ
ɽ֮Ужϣҵһȫ٣Ϊֻһˣ
һ·֮ϣٶ޿ֵӣһ㶼ģڵ˸ŵ֮ڣԼ˵Ҫȥ
ʲô
ãˡ
弱æˣǰǳΣգа޵Ϣֻǰȥһ˳ʲô£ô潻
ַƣ㲻ǰͲô˵Ļ
Ȼַ֪ԼĻ
ַֻǽȥ̽·ȻԽԽã˶Ļױ¶Ŀ꣡ѵôһ㳣ʶ㶼ô㻹ʲôҵĵһң㲻ô
ֱҭס˵˵ˣֻΪ˵İΣģȻִˣò
Ͻȥɡ
ߵĶԻԶںڵȻ
ڰüˮĻ£ʱˣǻȥҲýԼȥѰģ
ַϿ֮ڡ
Ͽ֮Ȼʶȥ̽·ǵʶֻǧ׷ԲַǿʶϿȣ
Ͽ֮ڵĻڵһʱ͸ӦַʶŻŭ죬߾裬ǰС
ں˼֮Щ޶ΪַʶܵŮ派ѪϢ
ŮǵϵЩޱ̲ߣȫƽϢֱѣϢӡǵѪ֮УӡǵȻܸܵ
Ϣѹ֮£еĻ޶Ϣ˼ԹԵε
˵ٷ˶ʮӣѾǧ֮⣬ûκεķ֣һаȫ
ַ߽׻ǻԶԶĵشǰȫģˣǷذɡΪǵĸݵأ֮ǰ
񶼷ǳƣôãôûأ
Ҳûж룬л޵ĻͳˣⷽԲǧ֮ڵȷûлޣ
ʱ߽ʼ
ӳҪҪɱ٣֪´󹦣
󹦣ôʥ߲֮Ķʲô£Һҵһ˲֪γΪɱ٣Ǵ֪֪ҲҪװ֪ЩֻܷûָʾͲҪȥҪʱԴ˶֪ô£ÿκһ˵µˣɱһɶĻﶯְɣ


414 ȫû
ӳû˵ôذɣʥһ죬粡èһôֻܺͻ⣿ɱҲһ죬Լ֤ݣʱҲиɻ
㶮ʲôԼ֤ݣЩΪֻ죬ѾڷǳҰҸӣ֪ܲôҵڲҵҲϾֵܣɱʹļףķǳɾҹÿζ޼ѰҲûа취ڣҶԸңץסһ˿Ҿͻ군һڹҲܲڵŭԣɱ٣һҪ㹻֤֤ǻɱģҪȻڰ·ϾɱˣҪô
ô죿
ô죿л޳ûôɱ٣ǵȻҲһǸӸģʱֻҪ֤ǻɱУҲ԰ȫҲԸǣûл޳֣Ǿ͹ԹԵĸԭ·أȴϵһšҪǣٲǱô򵥣һ˸ҽ϶̣ǧҪСĵĺá

ЩѾַȡ
һ֮Ĵʶ˫һĻ޷ԷģַʶǺεǿ׾ٵĽȡ
ô뵽ַܽȡǵĴһ£ʶǿΪǳȵģҲתǿɲһʮת
ַ֮ĴҲ֪ԭҵѹô󣡹ֲԼʱɱ峤Ϻ峤ϵȫңƨҷš
ɱҪ֤֤ģǺãǺǡ
ΣӾͽȫɱȫ֤˸ɵģ
˰Сʱַǰ֮ʱ˶ǳȡ
ôûأ
ʲô
ôᰲȻ
ⲻܰ
ַλ̽·ѾϣٶѾǧûзκ쳣ԣǵĴʱԳ
û˻ַĻΪ񶼺úõվи߽׻޵ĻЩͳˡ
ʱЩڣ֪ǧﷶΧûл޵ĻϸŽȥһַɱ棡ٽҲɱԼŪ˳˵и߽׻ޣºٶ˲޷ˣ
Ǻûõġ
ַû˸ҷԻ˵ʲôֻӲͷƤǰ
ҽȥ˻ʲôҵģ
һ·Ҷַĥû˵һ仰
Σַӣǰ棬ƺƵǰڵ˺ڵ˽ĸں档
Ͽȷǳ֮˷˶ʮַ֮ǰ̽ĵص㡣
ȷûκλޣһ·ȫ
һ·ǳЩ¡
սħɭ֮ʱȺûӶɢĻ޻﷢ɽжǺε֮󣬵ôˣȴûһޣһЩС
˶оЩԣԽ߾͸оһѹȸС
־ϵѹȸȫһֱֱڸΣգʵϣһƬûһ㶯
ϵͷѾ˺ˮҲЩֻţû˺ͣ
ҿַǰţûкͣôͣ
γеĿľǰ棬޳֣ǵһ
ԣҶȴŻ޳ֽ˺ƬֻҪˣ˾ͻˣ
ǣעҪʧˣ˺ƬĲַ磬ǣ
ͣ
ַͻȻתͣ
ַʱһ޴֮ϣλѾħɭֵģ˵Ϊʲôûл޳أ˵ӦǻĵطеĵطǰожʮĻ޵ϢǴɢģǶˣΪʲôأ
ʮޣ
˶һĲţѾܸܳô
ǣڷôãҲмǧ·һ޶ûг֣Բ
ֵַ˵ǲ˻ǵ壬ǰȻһ׽һ򾡣
ַ绰䣬һ亹
Ļ˶֮أ
Ȼǿ󣬵̺һħ죬бֻ֪ԸˣԲദƲȥԸˣǵܶʱҲƲǵΪѱûа취˵㣬ܡ
ִַŭ壬㻹ʲôҵһңʲôܣǳʺôôôƽƽ쳣һҸ㣬пѾٲ֮أ
͸о쳣ʶΧûлޣԴֻӲͷƤǰߣڵпַ˵
˶ãǰضûΣյģлޣͳˣôûûг֡
ϱ˳ʺĺ˱Ĳ㱳ˡ
鲻ͷĵˣɣˣҲˣǲˣ
ַѾźһС
ʱͻȻһľ޺˷ռɽҡ
ޣ
˴󾪣

ַͻȻһֵĴ󺰣ǿͻȻſһ޿ڣַһ˽ȥ
һһˣ
˸ոһ˷ĻǰΧ
󾪣ĿӷΧھĻޣԶаĻ˻߳
ܰ
ǱΧˡ
塭
ܣѵЩޱˣ
Ѿˣ˷ĸߵȻޣڻ޵İΧһȺһ㣡
սһȫһ浹ս
ĻаƣЩ޺ֱײѣܽѹƬ
ϺĵһƬô벻˻˻޵壡
循ֵĴУⲻܣôĻ޾ۼһǲܵģĻ޶һģЩǵжԵ壬ܵģ޸ǲɿƵģ
߳ϴʲôܣⲻʵôǲѷɣ˭ҲӲˣ
۾ͻȻһ֪ˣ֪ˣǡ
ǣĻû˵ͱһ׸ߵĻ˺Ƭ
Ѿµˣ˭
ֻϹ޲ܿƣħô½һħͳһħô½Ϣ˽֪
֮һħַʧ٣϶ħ½
ɲǰٳʥһпԽôһһħ
ȻҲǲ²⣬ϢԶ޷ʥˡ
սǳǿ󣬵Ǳޱһ·ȥ·ӣ
߽׻޷ӵ˽ӡ
ںڵǧҲɱźͼٸɳ˻޵İΧȦ˳ȥ
Щӳȥ˸ľսĻ޼׷
ַ統Ȼûб̵Ǳ棬˳һֱǰߡ
޵İΧȦ֮һڡ
һУַŮ派ѪϵеĻ޺ޣƻˡ
ַ֮׼سźŵһȥɵҲΪԼַ֤ҲҪһһжĵˮ©иɻ
ȻźڵӳȥȫַЩ޷ˮǲӳȥҪȻǲѷɣ
Сٻʱַ磬㼸
ǬҪϵַĻͨСٻ
ַǬ˭Ҫȥ
ҡ
СѩѾܲԶǼҲóȥ͸͸ˡ
ðɡ
ַ罫СѩСèС˳
ǲȥܲ
СѩͷǣȻˣ϶Ҫȥʲô¾ϵǡ
š
ְ֣һġ
СèԣְҲСèġ
Сѩ˸ַ֮ڵķȥ


ڵ˷ڷУ治Զ˾
ʶӦһӰ߷˹
ǷɣǱҷɣ
תͷһȫѪģֻʣһ⼸˴˵һѪϻϳˣⲻʥô
˿ԲȣʥҪȣ
ˣ
һٶΧ˹ַߣǼʮͬʱɱ˹ʮûӳ˺Ƭ
ڵƴıַ磬ڷȥ
ɳϿȣûֹͣУֱɳħɭ֣İȫشųһ˵ϡ
ڵʣһٶٶࡣ
Σνأ룬Լ˾ʥԺʥԻչԼߵģ
֮ʥ֮ʱʥǺεȵķŭҪɱȴ;ȻˣʥжԸڣȻǺ󻰡
ַ确˻ԡơǳءڵַ鵤ҩνչмӣʮʧ߶ˡ
ԺַϵҲָЩڸлһڵľ֮ʥķȥԻַ絽ʥ
صʥַ罫ľʥԱڵ֤ʥҵĳ϶ûлַĻ
ַߺʥϵľƱˤķ飡
ݺ˵Լȴ˽ȥ޷ļƻȻһͿأ벻ģ
λϺڷȫû
ȻЩʧ˵ûдﵽ˽ǵĵزϵʥҵԽܡ
˼ʥΪ²ٺͣ˵ûûҵĽ죬ôˣҵ˻һ㡣
ַ뿪ʥʣµĴϺʥᣬһζԸҡ
Ұ˴ѾĸνǸ߲ʧһ룡ʵûˣвҴ½ĵλ
ʥĴΧϯǰ˶أĺȾơ
ʥɫأĿλɨĵɽ֮£λʲô
Щ΢ŭʥΪʥץһָӲȫûնԽͷ֮ޣ
˭вͨġ
ĳЦҵĵһҺϸ٣εȫûôٵԸҧһھͺãǻҪʥһٸɽƵͷϣںٵ˱˲Ų鷳
̾һҧгݣ֪Ҳֻ˵˵ѣ٣Ҿ˺Ƭ
ϼɽļƻν޷죡Ҳɣ˭Ҳû뵽ȴ֮©λϺڷСȴڵȣŪˣ֮пνǹһ񡭡


415 
ĳϵһֱ˳ᢣμƻҲǳҾǴȫûʲô⣬Ϊ룬޵̻û޸ߣĻ޲ܺͨȣڵ˵ǵ˸ȫΪ˻޵Ȧ׺壡Իô͵ܸలʲôôһҵһУ˵ȥ˭ţֻ˵ɽħɭ֮еĸ߽׻޶˿ƣָЩ޲ܽǵΧȦһ򾡣
˳ϵķûڵ˵ǸϿ֮ڣ˶ܸܵϿڼ޵Ϣٴǰȥ̽·ٵ˻֮Щ޵ϢȫʧȻٲŴħɭģȥѵǰ׳ô֪Ͽ֮аĻô϶֪֪Ϊʲôֻȥأֻ˵޿֣֪Լȥû£ԣŽȥˣȥ֮Щ޵ϢȫʧЩһһЩϵҾЩȫٵİţٺͻ֮ĳϵܿƻޣԽǵȫ壬ǸҰŵ壬ȴҵ塭
˼ǻǾð˳ԹʵܿЩޣҲҪʲôһֱٶǺһģϺܼ֮£ʲôӳǵ۾ٴȥˣҪƻ޵Ļ϶ҪٶУħɭ֮ڣʶҲֻǧף٣ʱʲôȻǲܵġ
ϵ˳ϣܺȷ˿˻Ҹģƻ޵ˣԲ٣ٺεºܣܿƻޣٽұڵȣڣҾһӵû£
˳ٵǹƥ϶޿֣ѵҵ˲֪ҪԸôȻǱ֣֮Ϊҵ˲˱٣ԣһжٽƾͼƣǵһ򾡣Ҫľǳٵݣʮ굽ȥˣ
˳ϿνһѪϺĳϲ̫ͬ˳ϵĿ
һֱû˵ʱ˳ϷĺҾþ㲻ٿЩޣ¼϶йϵٲܿƻޣأǳ֮ǰٵ˾Ѿħɭ֣һжźأٲŸһ޿ֵĸǰȥڵ˵ʱǵһ˵ˣ֮޲ŽǵôټȻˣôᰲȻڵ˵ٱ޴䵽ߣγһַڵ˲٣ٿ϶ҲҾҲֻǱöѣ룬ɱˣȫûںڵˣôӵĳȥ϶ⰲŵġԣһеһжٵ֮С
̫СˣλᣬԺҪԸˡ
˳Ĭ˴ҵķȥѾȷٿƵĻޣٵѣ
ʵҲС٣Ϊ˶Ըңγϡ壬ʵһٸҲɱˣǧ㣬ȴٻٵܿƻһ
ʥǵʧǳأҵĳѾʣλĸԺκʧ
˵ͷ
ʥλᣬԺˣұŲ꣬µκεǲΪɾܾû˿취ԣҪľǴӸռϣЩ궼ȥˣܿƻޣܿƻޣֻҪٺ年֤ݣʱǾͿԹĳħ
ڣλͨȫ½ΧٵϣΣһȥ죡
λʥĻͷһֱУֻҪҺȾҴħ½ʧʱԸҸҪηηβڰнУҲҪڵѹֻҪһѹһٴݻҡ
ַɽ쿴ַ簲Ȼһյڷ
ֻҪַû£ʥҪԸϼѣһһ˭õİ취Ըң
ַ֮ҵĵ̱ŲȻųˡ
ַҴĵ죬СѩŮ派ѪϢҺСèС屻ץסȣ
ַ󾪣ӦʲôΪҪץǣ
СѩҺСèСܲϽӴдǣȻ˭֪ھ¶ǵĹסϲɱǣշ룬ҵһŮ派ѪСӡǡ
ַ磺θô
СѩһԶҪһһҪһӡǣûаʱġԣҪľɱ㣡ΪСèˣӵҵһŮ派Ѫɱ㣬ԼԶ⿪СèͳޣֻҪץס㣬ͿںڵŮ派ѪʱͿ
ַͻȻ뵽Źǳǿ󣬵ҪŮ派Ѫ½磬ַСѩʩչһΣǳǿ󣬵ǺķѾҲǳֲ
ַзǳżΪôַһֱ˷ǳкøУΪһֱǳŽᣬһģԶŵ޺񶼷ǳ𾴣ѪӡǵѹƲз֮ġڣһ½ַ֪˹ȵס
ַ磺취ȥ㡣
Сѩ¿϶Ҿˣĸʮλʮתϵα񣬼סʱûʲôΣգڵҲ޷ǳҪǣΨһİ취ҵŮ淢ϣͿԾǳҪŮǳѣŮڱչأҲ֪ʱأǴһ졣У֮ܲȫǴϵˣ壬ҪԽħɭֺڤħȣҲǳѣҪСˡ
ַ磺ţģһ취ǳ
ַͷѣҵĸȥˣ϶ܣҵЩܺϵȥ⣬ߣ֪ҺȾʱƺӶϴˡ
ַߵǺ¡ĪƺͻȥҲܣҪҵŮͻƴϵķߣ
ôȥͻƴϵķߣԼһȥôԼ࣬ҪȡΣŮ派Ѫ϶У˶Ů派ѪָӦĻַͻᱩ¶ôֻǧ񹦻ȥ
ǧ񹦻ȥҲֻܱܿЩ͵ˣߵ˻ַܸܵڵŮ派Ѫ
ַ˳أôȥŮŮڱչأǲκ˵ģҲݷǳߵˣڴϰͲַȥ壬ַұ֤Լȥ壬޷ŮӲϵķۣ
ô죿°ַסˣСѩһҪȵģ
£СٻҲûа취ַʵǿĻȫɱ壬ֻҪľ춯أĳϺݵλȽϸߵˣܽҴϵıַʵ̫ˡ
ַ˺ܾã벻κõİ취
Σַ
ַתһ룬ڼԼԼΪʲôҪȥ̶Ѩôǰˣ
Դвǵô
ҲԼǲܵģΪΪߵ˶ܸܵŮ派ѪĴڣַصأҲҵ
֪ħɭͻһսʥˣСѩҲ壬ôĿ϶Сʥ
ɽһսʥֻӳһˣ٣½˶Ѿ֪Ͽ϶ѾõϢ
˿ǧ򻯣Ҫʥʲô£ҵңַ޷ѣ
ַһƣԼڴҵĻ϶ãʱҿ϶˲أ
ôҾʥݸߵסңˣҵ˶ţ
ȵʹϽ֮ӪСѩ˴ӳ㡣
Ȼʥ˺ʥսôºַһʥ˹壡ڿνѵʥԼô
ʱ϶Ǵҵȥڻң
ַһϣеļƻźá
ڶ죬ַ͸ߵסʥǱҵڰеɢϢסʥ֮ڣû죬ʥǵ˶֪ˡ
ȻסʥϢҲʲôϢҲû⣬Ƕַ˵·ǳҪ
ֻҪϢɢȥ˾ͻֱʥˣͲȥˡ
סʥҵ˲֪Ǻ⣬ַ˵ֻˣ
ȻҪʥûоܾҲûȥܾ㰮ססɡ
ַס֮ҵ˶ʮСʱַܼ磬ǹ˰£ҵҲûзַʲôÿǿ飬ȷˡ

ӳԶˣ֪Щ֪ôĶǽѵѵǡ
Ҫ˵ʥĹش½ϵ˶Ҷ֪ʥϿǲ׼еģЩ֪ʷ϶һЩǿߣǻǿһЩȽϺãҪȻ˲õˣ鷳ˣôã㻹ûѧô
ǣӳ
ԶʮˣѲߵٽսʿ·߷ȴˡ
ʮǧ֮ڣΪ׵Ľսʿ۾һⲻڵô
ǰڵ˵ٻѾˣôˣ
ʮ˵Ȼڵˣµʮ䡣
ʮ˴˼ǰɽһսʥֻʥһ˻ųСѩ˵Ϣ΢һжϣ֪Ҫҵ˾١
Щ˵ʥǣдһʥٵϢ֪ʥ֮ˡ
ʮֻ΢һ£ͱڵǰʥ
ϷҪ٣λͨһЦ⣬ǳ
λ
ʥĿˣΪ׵ĽսʿǳĽʮ˰Ϣͨ
Ȼ˲ֱӽַĶһһϴ󻰴ʥϵĶ
ϵõϢһЦȥɱȴ뻢ˡ
ϲûַ֪ͨ磬ǽӼڵˡ
֮ڣ϶ڵ˺ддվš
֪к£
򽭲ɫĵǰǾȹˣˣǵǰ˶ѡ
ھ٣ѾڰдѹͶԸˣһ룬ǰ϶ǽϢ٣Ϊ
ҲûдڵܵʥĴѹ򽭵ȷʥۣ򽭴˿ڴ֮ڵ£æĲɿʱʥ
ɽһսʧܱߵļɶڻټʥĴѹѾ쵽˱Եס뿪벽
Ͽ϶Щ˼٣ٳ棬мһˣͲðˣϾٵľˡ
ǼȻˣôͱȥˣ


416 
ͻȻɫһɱѶǰ֪Ϊʲô£ʥѹڣΪǺǡҲסڣҸ㣬ʥҪѹڣҪڣ
һ㶣ŶҾʥ𱨶Ըǣ
ߣЦʥôǰɽһսʥȫûںڵΪʲôӳ˼ˣѵںڵҪʥǿô˵ڡںϵû壬ʥһ򾡣޷ԼҲһЩ˳װȳ٣ֻҪʥٻţΪϴ𣡺ߣƭףƭҲףΪҵôƭô
򽭵һƣЩ£ȻģֻҪץ٣ʥ˽֡ҪȻֱɱͺãͲҪôαװˡ
򽭵ϣ֮ǲʲô᣿һֱǽȷ棬ôȾϻǲҪЦˡ
ҿЦȻæڽ壬ΪʲôһֱûдĳɾͣɽǺԼСɶˣΪʲô޷ħɭ֣˵мϸϸڣ
ʮǿ߶ףʥҪԸڣЩҪԸĻҸɺͽھͶԸˣκ綼ûõġ
ǲǺȾ˳Ȼһп֪ʥҪԸڣҲ޻˵Ǳһ棬Щ˽Ҫ̸
ʥܲﶯֵĻʮʮתΪʥ˿϶סĻٿ϶ӣ֮ززԣʥ˽ٴʮֽƷߡ
ʮλǿߵļƻϲ֪ЩǼٵģ
룬϶ܽٳٳĻԻ˵ʥôܶԸľˣʱݾ԰ѹġ
֮ǰҲûڣ£ٿ϶
ھǽڵĸ߲ɱûᣡֻҪɱǣ޶֤Ƕʲôʲô
Ц˱ڹһ֪ǻƭôˣɱˣ
ϸЩ˷ϻ˸ɱ
ʮǿޱȣʱ˺ܾãҶΪðڵһһʧϾڵ˾٣ʥĶˣôһʥǳףҲǳףֻҪ٣ֽٿƣͿ֪ߡ
ڣ˭Ҳû뵽ᷢչ
ǲӳˣҪɱǣ
򽭵ٴοڣһٶλʮ˳ɱ˹
Ϊһ϶ЩɱΪڵõڵǰϢ֮ѾźһУһȫǸ߽񣬾ʮתҲɣ

ͬʱ֣ЩʮתЩʮתҵ˶ϣ
һ֮䣬֮죬һٶλոճ֣ͱ޾ȴǵľޱǿ
޾źںɫĶһ޵ĻһɭϢ˰λڣһĲҽ֮УһٶѪһپʬ塣
ôܣ
ʲô
ϴ󾪣ǹȻȾˣɱ
ȥ
֮ڣֻϺһһ򣬷֮תӣͬʱ֣ǿϱһƬѪ
ĶֱƷ˴֮ʥʮһ㡣
ʥǱüƷɣʮת֮޷ٻģʮתҲֻܽѷ죬ڵǴ˿̣޾Ʒ
Ĵ˴˵ص˷ӿ˹
ǾŸңסʥˣȥ١
Ϊ׵˻һ䣬ûһսʿһʧӰ١
ʣµľŸҲָ˱òɾŸ뷢԰׵ͷʥ
Ÿ˰Χǧ񣬵ھ˵ֻǧ϶ѡ
սһǱϱȫݻ٣᲻ɴݵ¥ǿ֮綹һ㻯һƬ
Ǳʥ֪ô£Ƭ˸߿ա
Ǳ֮ڴ඼ʥĸ߲㣬Щ˶һ㣬˭벻֪Ȼ˸ʥңҸҴݻʥܲ
ٶǰʥͳһħ½Ϊ½֮󣬴û˸ʥң
죬ʥңҴݻʥܲ
ǵ˹ʥ϶ʥǣʥ˾ͻ֣ᷢôʥڲأ
ڳǱٵһ̣˶뵽ϣΪǰס˳ǱǱ֮ڳ֮⣬Ķҵˣٻ˭
սܿӳǱ֮תƵϡ
ڣҶ֣ˣ
˺ܺ÷ֱ棬ǵĹֱֻܷҪһ֣ͻ죡
ϣսɣҵ˾ˣԴԴϵ߳
˺ϵ˽֮ʱַѾǧϢûһսʿӳ˳Ǳ
ʥĳϡϺͰ˳ϻһվս֮⣬ĸ˵ɫɫ
ĳҧгݣˣôʥһٴģٿ϶йأ
˳ϵģٵĻô׳յôǰָͷԼĽô
ĳϴŭϰˣҰ׳գ
ĳһ˵Ŀ㣡²ģǾԺйأ
㡭ĳɫࡣ
ϵˣǲóˣأ
ʥʶԶǶȥȴûзϵϢڲսĻܸܿܵϵϢûвսܿͻʹҼϣ϶ûֻ˵ˡ
ĳϾˣ
˶Ĭ
϶ԱߵһȥѲߵʿЩôģ
սֱӴӳǱ֮ڴģôЩ˿϶ǱѲߵ˷Žġû֪ĽʥܲҲӲʶķ
ӹʿǸѲߵĶӳ
ӳæڵϣݼλ߲
˵ЩôŽģ
ӳشˣЩûмСķŽġ
ȣ
һƽ˳ɣڱ仯˵쵽ʥ˹ˣ
ӳһ±һƴ˹æʥˣһʮˣ඼ͻģҶʶҲûϸ̲顭
ȣһƽӳɡ
㲻̲飿
룬ͻ˸ܻǱ֮ڣ϶ˡ
ӳǳʵԼû˵ͱˡ
ӳڿз˼Ȧֻڿжסʮˣڵˣͷ򽭣˵Ҫ٣˴󴫵

ʿֱһƳɣֻһֱӷɵǧ⣬һ·Ѫ׷ɡ
ĳЦٹȾˣץ٣
ϵЦţˣΪڻץô
û˵ʶ֮£϶ͲٵӰ
˳ϵðڵʥʥѾڵѹڣΧҲڶԸڣؼʱ̣ڵʥԸ񣬿϶Ϊڵ٣ٳ汣סڣԣ뽫򽫳Ǿʹ֮ʮ¶˱Ŀʿ˵ˣǽʮˣսֻоŸˣ˵һȥˣٿ϶Ѳ˸ϵ
ʱûѲ˸ϵǾɱٵģ
ĳϵ˻ν⣿
ϼٵĻٿ϶ᰵԳȥЩֻ棬ܹĽЩʥҲãǿԸٶ˵ȾʱٿĪ磡
ʥڿˣǰ̫ˣ֮ǰĪҪסҵĳǱ֮ڣ϶֪֪ˣǷǳǿߣԽҵסЩǿߣٵĺ·϶ѾˣҪǺǣҾòܣǰϻԷǳ廹
ĳϵʥˣٵҲ̫˰ɣ
ߣʥЦһµˣҿʥ궼ûгʲô£һֱѹ޷ԴٻһκǼ棬ն峤Ϻȫңûа취ڶΣȫûΣ㿴˵ʵܽʥݻ٣룬ٺεȿֲµˮ©ˣֵôΪȥץô
ʥôһ˵ĵ׶һƬٵ۶˼֡
ٱ廹ôֲ̫ˣ
ˣЩԺ飬Ƚ¡
̾һŸǿߣǼҲǵĶ֣ǻǾɡ
ĳϼæʥˣǵѾ˺üˣǲӦóͶԷ飬ԷֻΪ٣ǿԷȥ
˳ϵţôţǾŸ˵ʵҪˣ˭ܵסΪʲôɱˣǲߣǾŸɱôˣľѾҪˣΣƴףҲҪǣʥδ棡
ĳϵȥʥ̫ˣʥ֪ͨ桯ĸλ˳ְɡ
ʥĳһۣôĶ֪ܲôȻ֪Ϊʲô֣㻹ô
ĳϵʥָ㡣
ʥûĵɣ
ǹⲻܵģѹһѹҵˡ
ΪʲôĿǵҲܲʣΪΣ
ΪҸһЩˣЩײǹڣ
ĳ΢ŭ˵˵˵ҵ˸
ľԴˡ
ϻĵǰһħ½ʼʱʥ˶ǳ֣ʥķ£֮ĹϵҲ뵱ʱƣʥȨ͵λʵڴ½֮ԽԽԽԽȹ̣ħ½İκ޷ʥ⣬½󶥼һ𣬶ʥ˵ҲһĴڣΪʥϴ󣬶ʥҲʼıʣá
ʥˣѲߵˣȥ֮󣬼˸ɵΪʥˣ˭Ҳﲻǵ̶ӣǵ⣬ǵκβҵ鼰ħ½ÿ䣡ֻҪʥˣ˭Ҳҵö֮һЩʥ˾ΪʥѹˣΪɱ˷ŻһЩ޷ܵ飡


417 ǲɸıʵ
ĳһֱڷǳʥҲԱ˼
һЩʥ棬ҲͷһЩɱһЩɱӺҲһãòǣÿһʱ䣬ʥ֮ܲЩ棬ԽԽ࣬Ѿﵽ˿Ʋסľ棬ЩѪҲ𽥻һַʽӹȨȥԸ˻˰ȥԸɱڣնݳĸɸɾܶ¶޼ѰһۼܲȥҲûа취£½ÿطÿ춼зȻִţǵԶܶ¸Ͳ鲻ö֮Ͳ֮
Щִŵ˿ʼʱִѪ飬ҲˡִߵȨκ֮ϣʥ˶ִ˭ǳܲһЩ߲֮⣬˶£ɽ߻ʵԶܲʱȥǣǣʱƣҲ桭
㲻ҪģҪǣܶˣǳǳ棬ǵǵˣǵĵӡѵЩˣҲҪȥͷôҲȥɱôִЩ˵ʱô죿ִɱЩˣܲΪԼ˱ôν˵ô
κһ󣬾ͻϵȨȥԸˣȥѹˣ޷ģκһҶû˾֣ûѹôͻ޼ɵȨͻıʣĸܣ
ǵڷ֮ʱҺʥһ־ҲǸ˴˵һѹҿʥĻҾͻغܶ࣬Ϊҵ˷£ͻᱻҵ˴סȻǶͬҵ˷£ͻᱻҵץסѱԣҾͻΪʥ֮λжԣͬҲһּලãʥԶΪħ½İ
룬ѹңͱҸˣͶˣˣҲͻǰʥؾһõӣΪʲôǻᷴʥأΪʥǴ½ѹǱɣڣ˰֮λ֮𽥱úʥһҲѹɣ
ڿʼʱʲôԵ£һѹǣҲɵңҵץסǵİѱԴҶؾءЩұǳѹ壬ǲˣǾ޼ɵ
ˣЩڿ˵ˣţ˵ĻԸңǺǡ
⼸ʥ帨ģʥȨǳ󣬵Ȩ⼸ʥģΪҲ֪˻Իͣѹƺʹң˵нĳɾͣһ죬ȫģԣЩЩ£ǺǡҲһֻ۱һֻۣΪĹ̫ˣûа취ȥĸʥĽ壬Ҿͻңͻڶͻһʰʱ򣬾ʥҲ޷ƣ
ڶҲܵģҲøһЩѵķڶĻȻһԪˣǳ壬Ժĺģȴһֱֹڶķܶ鶼˳壬ֻᵼӵ޼ɵ
ҳϣȷͿ๦ߣЩˡʼһ꣬ѹסҵʱ򣬾Ӧ֣ûһҴˣ˵⼸꣬𽥴
룬ʥĵڶʥ͵ʥҵˣڼ䣬ҸûжԸѹңȴڰʵԸҡҲԸҵĻôˣڹƽĻ֮¾Ǹöáǲֵܳģǰ˶ˣʱƣҶһ죡ΪһɽݶԹŲĶɣ
ΪʲôǰʥԸңǰλʥûʲôҰģڵǰڰҲǿĺܽҲûжԸңĳҰĵʥ֮λôڵ³ڵ³Ӧòɣԣĳһ˵û˭˭ҶǿֶΣÿ˶ϣԼǿÿ˶뱣ԼˣԼˣ
ܶʱ򣬳ǺõģǺõģ󣬶ʣḯãһһʼͻȻЩҶҲҲʣ
滻ǱȻģκ˶޷ıʵ
£ʥ˲֣ʵǽνʥһѵʥˣûѹסǣû˲ҶԸʥһصĴۣҵ򣡡
ҲҪ򣬺ǺǡѣѾˡ
˵û˵ȥˣʥ⣬߻ǧˡ
ϵĻʥķչ˵ķǳ͸ÿ仰شһУжκˣþòƽ
ûϵĻЩ˵ĺҲûȥŭȥԣΪ˵ʵ
ɸıʵ
ĳϵĻ̾һӲͷƤʵģΪʲôˣǿʵһθĸʥһδ٣ϴߣԺԺҽãɺҹͬʥ
ϰĳһۣ԰˳ϵϰˣ˵ɣˡ
ĳϷǳƣѵǶֻһǱô
˳ϵðɣģǱչأ̫ʥ£ܶ㶼֪ġڣˣЩǰ㣬Ϊ㲻С˵ȥԸ㣬Сϸĸ㡣
ǰ壬ΪʥǼ֮⣬ĸ߲㶼ˣıܶԸôɱ壬˾ͻѣ˵ɱ壬Ҫһǳʵɺ֤ɽ֤ݣֶΣҵ֤ôΪҵĵһǰ׵ô
Ҳҳ׵Ĵ壬һδεĶԸңҲֻհ죬ȥ죡һˣʼˣ޷ˣÿ¶ʥȥ£ԼһĴѹûʲôݺҴ𣬽źӣĶӣѾҳ˲ݵľ棡Щ飬Ѿ˶ˮ
ˣˣǿ֮ǰƵˣǿԸĸûõģΪ⼸һ֮£ҵĺܶڹﶼˣҪĸҪɱˣ˵ǵǵԼҲÿ˶ôȥĸôһѾû˻ͷˣ
ڴ½ûзǣΪǻǿǻҷ֮ڣĴѹɣѹԽԽǾԸʥ԰ǴɢûԸǣ
ֻһʱ֮ƣǳ֮ƣԽѹǣǾͻԽǣһ죬ǾͻԿʥǸʱʥͲԶˡ
ںҺͺôұǺôңÿ˵ﶼҸνһ޷ͷֻܲһֱȥ
ϸûǧصİʱƺʷıǨȥģبŲĶɣ
оεĶٷǳǿ޷٣ֻҪʥ֮λĻ룬ò˰ʱ䣬Ҿͻڵһ
ǰÿ˶Щ߸ϵĸ߲㣬ǸΪԼ棬ÿ˶ѡô
ϵϰˣ㲻õģʥ֮λҲҰôڰ֮ңôҲ군ˣѾ½ƵĿˣڶԸ½ںڣĿǰʥ͸֮ĹϵѾﵽ˱ٽ㣬ȻڲԸǣΪʱԣڵȴһʱ
ʥ֮λЩ˾Իٸʥʥ֮λȣгʱǶԸʥʱʱҽתƣȻתһ㹻һҪһ͸ԿⲻΪӦˣҲΪԼ֮ٶɽ𡭡
ҵʱ͵ڸΧ֮¸ɣʥ֮󣬸ͻ֮λֻҪǰвְǴˣǳʰо֣֮ɣ
ǵֻҪɣħ½ǿʱ½֮λҵģǸʱ򣬴½˲أҲûҺˣǿƶµķ䣬ħ½
µĿʼҲΨһһ·
ұЩ˵ĶˣȷǼ֮ˣôıԶǣ˹Ŀ࿴
ʵϵȷһ˲ţ⼸һֱ⻷ѹ֮£ԣϲ޷չʾԼĲŻûˡ
ǣڳĻһҳʮϵƷϿƺۣ
̫ˣû뵽䵽ַ壡
ɽ֮Уʲô㵽ˣ۴κηٶǱ֣֮ԼȴԼˡ
ҾǴ½ڲΪʥ֮λֻڶȻֻǴҵĲƶϣƻԶûб仯ģĵǸʱ˵ɡ

֮еսڼŴûеõϴҵٵϢ֮ǰǾǲֵͣģ
ʥħ½İЩ˴鷳νĴУɱʥˣ˶ԽɱԽ£Ǵɱвϣȫֽʥļơ
ʥ͸Ҳȥ̸Ŀʥ˱ɱ
ʥ֮ڵľĻ̻̣սܶ˶żҾɢ֮һƬҡ
ʥһֱȫĵطû˸ʥǶɱˣʥĹ֮£񰲾ҵνħ½һ˼侻
ǴʱҲûʲô˼侻ˣսܿ첨ķݻ֮£һӵʱ䣬ʥǱݻ֮һ

ҡ
컹ļǧԶԶվڸ߿աս
쿴ҵĴ񱻴ӿն䣬зǳ˷ܣ޲ҵ˱Щǿɱ⣡
磬˭ôţҳ嵽ʥ£Ǽôǿʥס⼸˽ʥݻˣ
쵭ĵս죬϶ˣ
磬˵ǰʥң
ҡͷԲǣǰһӣ˵鷳סҶ㣬ЩҰ鷳ģԣЩǰҰ磬϶ǰʩСƣźʥ˴ˡ


418 
ţҰ鷳ģ粻ѺܶôȻǰѣôҰ鷳뵽ʲôͻȻһ󾪿֣磬¼һҧȾôҡ
Цģİɣô϶ѾΪԼź·ˣ˴˳룬Զ㣬ֹս
ǣ硣
ǰ첻ôԶԴӶӳ֮󣬴ѹңҵ˶ӵȦȫûͨ»кͶӶεĽ̸ѾԶäĿΣ۶ʲô¶ܻΪģ
˿̵ַӣһ׷ɱַ磬ַר˶ദӣ
Ȼַ뿪˳ǱսΧַڰ̵ĺžƣ˫ʵĴսһ£ַʶ̽⵽һԼķ֪ˣַ統ȻҺǿֻ߽֣ӣ
ַʥϵĵ̷ȥ
ʥϵĵʥǧ֮⣬ÿϵĵ̶ǳסųϵļҾһҵפ
ڤħٶȣһʱ׷ַ硣
ַȷɵϵĵ̣ǵѾɱˣ
פصĽսʿַģַȺһɣ׷ɱַȻֶԸЩսʿ
˺ͽսʿַ֮վԶսɱĲʱַĳϵĵ̡
˴٣ҶԸҵôεģ־ܰɣܲˣ
ַĳϵأ˲ûкĳϵ˶ַ׷
ıˣ
ַǿ߽ϵĵ
ĳϵ˿׷ɱ٣ûȤǽ֣Ҳ׷ȥ
ĳϵȥַ̲סЩث֣ǵţӴѲĻһȫˣ
һλӵĴȵˣǸ˵Ķ֣αҪ򣬶ҲΪǣΪҪʲôԼԸǣ˾ǽžǣ
ַһǬħըƽأԴʧַ֮иûʹˡ
ַȫٷУ˿ٵٶȸ׷ϣͻȻΣһɫַ׷ȥ
ҿ
ʮ׳޴ͷϸβȫɫƬƬ֮ɢ뵹Ϣ
ַ緢˻Ϊ֮ٶ˼ֹ
ˣ
磬ӣ
֮ľԽԽȥַҪɫ֣
ַ򲻹ɫ
ַЦʱ򣡡
ʱ֮£Ȼ׷ַ磬ַ緢֣ΪǿߣʱǵӰ첻󣡶Լʹʱõľ޶࣡
ʱҲܵģڳԽԼ̫ǿߣøǺܴ
ԷϾʮתǿߣַֻֻʥתľ磡ĲһΣ̫ˡ
ַУʱ֮£˦ԶԶģǸո˦ûã׷
ַӹ׷ܣַܸܵڵŮ派Ѫַʱʱˣٶȥ׷ַ磬ټ϶Ů派ѪĸӦܿͿ׷
ַ緢Լ˦ɱԼһ·ֻ׷ԼԼ׽
ɱַֻܸ
ַ֡
磬ܲģԹԵĸһȥɣ
ַȷܲ򲻹
ַޱȱ
ַת˸Ȧֵͷʥķȥ
ܲҪץߣҪǵң
ַû뵽ַյͷãӭ˾
ѵѾƽô
ȻûУ֪Ѿסַ磬˹ʥ˾
֮ʥҲû׷ϣʥס˭׷ȥ
ʥʧأʥĳǱ٣ڷʥǱٵ֮һ
˾޴ʧҵԳܡ
ĽʥɨһͿأ
磬ʮǿߵİΧ֮£ӣǹԹԸǻȥɣ
ôƾʮֻСӣңǻûǸ£
ַ翴ӭľʹʱմӾмϸСķ϶˹ȥʥķȥ
ôܣ
ˣ
Ҹղۻˣ
ʥΪƤߣ
ǲҪˣ׷
Ļ϶סַ磬ǶַΪֻʥתΪǵһоͻὫַ
Ǵ˴εĿľǻ׽ַ磬ַȥϣҪַڵŮ派Ѫǲɱַ磡ԣǲַܶ֡
ʥ˸ոտߣһֳ֣˹
Ǿʮ
˶֣ʮ׷ɱһˣ٣
£Щ֪˶룬ԭٽЩˣܶжڸм٣ǿʮΧ׷ɱ֮¶׾ٵߣڲ²ٵʲôΪ
ܶ˶룬ֲܴɽӳԭΪôߣ
Щ֪߶ҧгݣֽˣһйȻйϵ
ַòԣʮ֪Լɱʥˣǻ֪ʷô
ַұ֤ʮڸʥ˵⣬˵ԼĹϵôҾ군ˣ
ԣЩǲ˵Լʵݵģħ½ϵ۴˷۵ĵ̣˵ԼħݣϢ۵Ķ۾Իȥץһǲ˵Լݣ
ʥôôһʮ˶סⲻϵ
ַΪ׵ǰҽʥȫɱǻȥ
ûʸּۻۣǻʥԹԵĸǻȥɣϿһҪȻʥ֪ĺܶйϵɣ
ô˵ҿʥ˵ҺйϵǾʹʥйϵҪɱңܺйϵô˵ˣ˵ҵݣǺǣ룬ܱסһô۵ĴɱĻǵסô
ַҵĴ֮УǺʮû֡
;ͣ׸߿ա
ʱʥ˵ĿΪ٣ʥĻ͹ԹԵĲҪ֣ʥֻҪٹԹԵĸߣұ֤ɱ䣡һһ䣡
ʮ˲ǲɱ䣬ǿɲΪʥûǿߣ½ôɱôˣʥǿ߻ûг֣Ǿ˵Щ˵Щǿģǹɱˣ
ɱȥĻʥ˽ǣЩǿߣʱҪץ٣ˡ
ԣʮǿֻܰ֡
ʥȵʥĵ̣Ҫץʥ
ʥܲǰʥץˣʥ˲ܵĻ´ȥʥħ½㣿
ʥȻ޲ɱɱˣȴҪ˵ı١
Ǻǣǿ֪ҲȾϴɽȫûΪ˲ҵˣðҵ˻ʥǵʥֻҪǹԹԽ٣ЩˣһᲹһĽ
ҵһʥ͸λ϶˵Ļкܴܣɽȫû϶йأôٺпܲҵˣ
ܶ˶ǿٴСģǶʮ֮Ժ䣬ַԸȫһƵģǰˣ
ַŭСӣ㲻Ҫ˵˵֤أҺȾĻǻɱô˵Ҳҵˣ˵˭˵ҪҪѪ֤һ£
ôô˵
ַǲ˵
˵ˣַأôҲأ
ϵ۴˷۵ְħ½һ´ȥ彫ͷ۴Ľ
ȻõһҲ룬壡
ʥλȻ˵ٺȾ˵ٲҵˣôʲô֤ݣ
Ц⻹Ҫ֤ôɽ˻޵壬ЩУٵѪҵѪǵ֤֪Ǻ֮жԹ㣬ǲ棡
ַȥΣ˵ģôտƾ˵ʲô˵ʲôһֱУɱ֮У˵ģһ˵ģѾó֤ݣҺ˽˶ԹʲôԹ֪ʲôҲµû˹⴮ͨأȻָҼĪֻҪɱңЩ˾ͻƵһɶ
ʥһĻ˵Ҵͨأ
Ц֤ҵȻУֻҪʥ֤ǲҵѪһб֪ͲҵˣǱʥҪʥݻ٣ЩϰമͨӲм
⻰û߰壬ȥͨ
ŶСӣ˵Ҳҵ˾Ͳô˵Ҫ֤֤ôһ˵㲻ˣð˻壬Ȼսħ½Ϳ̿ȥϵҪֳֻ֤ܻȥһˣ˶ߣ
ŭ٣ںԣ·һ
ںԣںԣǽٴλʥɱʥǲ·һ
ʥʱλҪˣʮλʥ˵ȷסֲͣɱˣҲóΪһ˶ǰðڵ˻ʥ֮ڣҲ˵٣֤ǵȷΪٶҲʥ˴֡˵ɽȾȫҲòκ֤ݣУ˵ٲҵˣȫǶʥ裡Ǻ֮ʲô˽˶ԹǲܣڴɱˣΣǶʮ߳ʥ
ЦΪ˶ԸһˣʥΪУǵ˸ϾɱǣѵǲôⳡսܹôʥȻѡһʥʱǾ͵ʥ˵ɣ
ڣʥѾ֪ôˣʮλð˵Ļ϶˳֪ĽٴߣⳡսҲᱬǵʮǿ߶ΪðڵˣҲзǳֱӼ٣Ҳû
ʥŭڿ˵ٲҵˣû֤֤ҪսսʥҲ˺һͷ
ַ簵⻰˵Ȼҡж
϶ףʥҪ֮ԼƤҪԼ֤ٲҵˣֻҪ֤ٲҵˣôҾͳ군ˡ


419 Ѫ֤
ַʱʥˣЩ˷ϻʲôʮɱʮѾǵûᣡָǺε֮죬ʮʱ䣬ǹһָ͸ѶԸ˿̲Χˣڵȴʲô
ʥ޷Ǿ˶ԸҵˣҲ֪ôôǿǿߣ
ʥٴȥʥľ군ˣʱ֣ô죿ʥɲʧˡ
ַʥ˵ƣʥˣѵ㲻ôҸղ˵ģҺһģǴͨԸңʥ
ʥŭ٣ɱôܺһģֻԲ֣ΪǲǵĶ֣Ҳʥǿˣ
ַЦʥˣôѵĿɱôѵҪʥɨôѵôʥ
ʥɫһһףıٱƵΪˡ
ԣԣ
Աߵλϴ˿̶֪ʥĴ
˳ʱվʥΧˣǰ㣬ˣѾ˵ˣǺ˽˶Թô֮˽˶ԹΪ˫ȴʥߴڷˣѲ𣡡
ȥΣַ˳ϣʲô˼ʥɱĲɣ򲻹˾۸Լ˲ɣ޳ܲǰΪʲôɱˣĻˣȶ֣Ѿ˵ˣڹôΪʥʥңҵ¾ʥ£ѵʥûйϵôΣѵ˳ΪҺ֮˽˶ԹͲʥ˵ô
˳ϺΪʥ໰ѵ߳ô
˳ϵûν˽¾ǹ£˽¾˽£֮˽£ȴΪ˽µʥⳡѣѵûô
ַЦ˵˳ϣ˵˽˶Թȫ˽˶Թɱ㣬ɱȫң֮˽£ʥ˲ôеĻɱ㣬ȫңҪΪûǸʵ
˳һ±ҭסˣȻ˵˵˵ȴǾ
ʱĵˣ˵û˵Ȼʥ£˵㲻ҵˣ㣬ҲЩɣҲʥ£ԣҲغʥİΣڽ¿̲ݻˣǿ㳤ģԸֶδҶǳʧ˶ʮ֮䣬ʮǰˣһô䣬Զ䣬Ѿıԣԣһ㲻ҵˣ˵ðҵˣǱʥԸʥ
ԶԶĿҺҵֻҪҺٵì֤ٲҵˣôЩҪץ٣ҵ˿϶ǰʱ׶ˡ
ֻ˵ٲѪ϶ħѪȻħѪôҵѪأ
Ȼ֪ħѪǲܱЩ˲ģԴɷġ
ַ翴ϣŭϣ㾹Ȼŵ˵Ļű˵Ļ
ˣˣֻǻɶѣҵˣν壬ǣ֤һΪãҲס˺ܶ˵Ŀڣһס
ַЦ֤Ҿ֤ôǺξģΪ˵һ仰ͻңѵ˵һֻģҪҪ֤һǲģϣҿһֻģˣҪ֤
ģϱû˸ҷ˵ʥ˭Ҷײ
ϿıˣΪʲôʲô˵࣬ȫͱζ㻹޷
ʥ٣ҲЩɣϾʮûм٣λ֮󣬵һκǼ棬նɱ峤ϵȫңִ֮ȫûֺжԹʥڷϵֽһȷɣΪϴɣҾûбҪ֤һѪ
ǿԵģΪַݺ͵λǸߣǴʥȴС
ַȵʥˣǴеǰ㲻ԸҲգȴΪңõ￴ǵЦôɱ峤ȫңɱĲôҹɱˣ峤ϷҲҪɱͣɽ¹ȥôãʥ˵£ǴҵһҺϸңҴѲҸ󣡶ΣйôҪ֤ҵѪҲ֤
ʥڳϾԽ֤Ѫ;⣡
ʥĵ٣֤ѪҲΪ֤ףֻǵγһѪѣô򵥣Ϊһٶľܾ
ַŭγһѪȻ򵥣ҪһѪ򵥣ǵǵΪĺҺѣұһʥǾȻΪ˵˵һ仰ңǵѣԼˣĶ̫ʧˣ̫ʧˡ
ַװһӡ
ʥĵ٣㲻ˣ֤׵ģôȻһ
ʲôǵĽǴҵʧôǴҵĲôҵģЩôܶԵԼġ
ѵǵıô
ʲô˵
Ƕڳ鴤ţװʲôװ
ʥ٣ôҲȲѣʥıһ˿ƣ룬ɱǵĿԡֻҪ֤ѪʱҪôᡣ
ַʱ˾Ҿ͵仰ء
ã֤û⣡֤֤֮ҵˡ
ַĿⶢϣҪ
һ㶣˭Ҳû뵽ٻҪ
΢ŭˣҲ̫˰ɣ
ַЦϣҵģ˵˵Ļңڻһģ幥ʥҲϵıȻҲֻǻɣвޣԣΪʥǧĻҵ
ƣô崮ͨ
ַ練ʣôҵˣϣ㲻ӦҲ֤
ʥʹ˸ɫ
ãҴӦ
룬һֱܾ֤Ѫ϶⣡˵ˣҵˣ֮ʥҲᱣסԼ
ܿ죬챻˹
ַϣ֤ɣҲף
ַ촫ϵһ֤ϣɱϣסҪ͵ϮӦĻᣡ
ַʶǿЩȻȡַĴ
ϷɵַǰγһѪҺ֮ϿѪڿںϡ
еĿⶼѪҺܣĽһûκεųⷴӦ
ɫǳѿ˵ͻȻоΣս٣ϢѾˣ
֮
Ȼϵ飬ȫסı죬Ҳʹ
Ҫ˾
ᡣ
һ̣һգϵԴһ㱬顣
飡
ͷʬӿ¡
ϣ

ʥʣµλѡ
ЦһҵĶӣ
ַףŷȣںˣȥúϢϢɡ
ã
ִַףܵԽԶԽãֹץвҡ
ɱ˺һƵܵӰ١
˵ɫһƬҰף˭Ҳû뵽ٸô
ַҲˣҵˣȫңϵҲȡǻҺͶԱ˲ĴۣԺ˭ɱˣϾǵĲοߣ
ַ缫ţû˸ȥַĻ
ʥʱʮ˵ΪѾﵽʮתϣǵĵλһǳߣΪܵʥָҪץأʵ棡
ʮҲǷǳƣħѪôҵˣ
ô벻ַħѪûǽñ˵Ķģ
ԽҺٷʱץ˷㣬أֻܺʥˣ
룬ٺˣɱʥŮԣһҪץȥǷҪסǣǾԻὫʥƽԣҵ˻ǲҪֵĺã
ַȻɱʥŮ⻰Ҳ
Ȼ˵ҲڷųһϢʥŮǱɱģʱеŮ派Ѫ֮ɱʥŮСѩʱ˶ϡ
ַԳϣȫ׿ԼȾɣڣСѩַ϶Ҫȳ
ΪַҪԣû뵽ַϡ
ǰʥŮɱģôˣǲǾɱңʥսף
ַĻ䣬˶һɱʥŮŮ洴ˣôֲͣôǰץ٣ԭˡ
ʥˣΪַǺȾģǿڸĿ˵ڸľ棬ʮǿ׿˵ʥŮɱģʥҲֻƱ٣
һֱǵжԣɱʥŮɻΪеӢۣˣôץȥأ
ȣʥȰԹԵĽ٣ǾԲٶһһ䣡Щˣȫϣһξ棬Ϸʮ˾ɱ䣡
Բѣ
һը׵˶ڡ
ʱӰԶ˹
˾׷룬ɷǣɢ˲Ϣ
ʥͫһˣϲԭһֱڰãǸղûнٽȥ
λʮתǿߣǣ£𳽡
ʥҲٽȥʱ˵̫࣬Լ޷⣬Ϊ˱סʥŽٽȥģĻ˴˻ͷԼĽʥĵλһһʥҵģ
嵱ʥô
ɫһ䣬ʥǿڳˣҲԷ˵Ϊ
λ£Ǵ˴ǰΪٶûҪʥΪУ
΢ŭôɱʥ࣬ǻôΪʥץپʥΪУ죬ʮɣ
æ²ҪŭֻҪǽ٣ǵʧǻ⳥ٸĻܹ
ʥǿ߹Уû뵽׽һٻŪ־棬ٸܣǿҲӦöݡ
ûλǿǶˣĽĶô´ȥͱʥɱʥв֮£ίȫʥ´ȥʥͶˣ
ΪٻܾܻȡʥôʥʲôطǶʥ裡ʮɣ
𳽵Ļ䣬ʹ˸ɫλǿʮȥ
ȻٸĻܣɱǣʱ򻹲ǵġ
ս⣡


420 ַ类ץ
Ϊ׵ȣȻʥִҪս챾ͽʥΪƽأ
ʮλҵĳǿӭȥ
˫ոս֣ǿϯ׷Բ˫˲䣬ƺɲǼ䱻˺ѳһ֮ȱڣ޾ȱ֮ײըƺҪһУĳƷһأ
ʥ˳룡
ʮתϵǿ߽֣Щ˹ȥҲΪڻңʥڵһʱ˳ȫش
˷ɢȥ
ַȺҲȫش롣
ȫشַ翴ϷһսǴɣͬھ
޾ز˶ұ֤һսʥǻ
սȻڸ߿֮ϣĹΧͱը֮ನǺεǿÿһγĩһ㣡
ת֮䣬һƬɭֱ飬ţһɽ屻ȥһǣ
ʥǴ죬ڻûгȥȫɥڻ𺣣
ϵףͬһĴ𣬾ͭǽҲ֮»ΪˮЩһźôĽ׵ϴ֮˲䱻ٻ٣ΪһƬƬɻҡ
Ǵܣǻ
ףлϵбϵϵȣǴɱħʩչ
ʮϵ޷죬ǿƥһһĳλǿߡ
һ̻Ǵ죬һȴǱѩأ޾͹ըס
ǿ߲ħĹ˫һٶȺͷƣǿؼһһɱλǿæҡ
ҵλǿ߲ʮתǿߣȻʮΧм䣬һʱֻܷ޷һԹʮǿ󹥻ûǿߣ
ȻҵǿûˣʥǺʥܲѾ׵Ĵʧ

ʮͣĹķ˴ʮףǵĺϻ֮ɱλǿߣôȵλǿҵĻᣬʮ޷
ʮȻΪֻʮתǿߣҵλǿ߶ʮתǿߣ
ʮתһݷˮ룬ʮתһˮ룡ʮתϵʮת֮µΪϰĴڣ
ʮתϵľ磬ÿһȵ컹ѣϾǶα񣬶飬ÿ˵ܵһƣһһ㣬˾װˣһǴ꣬ǵ
ʮתϵα񣬾֮϶޼Ҫȫǿͻƣԣʮת֮ϵαȫȵ
ʮתαҪʮתαǿ̫̫࣬ϵĲ޷ȵġ
ٶȡдеħʱסǿߣʮ͹ˡ
α߾Ƕʮת磬޷תƵĻһΪֹڴˣ
ʮľ޴ҵǿ߽ᷴˣ
ǿͻȻ޾ʮУŻϷʮת֮·磡
ַ翴Զս಻ѣռûƵģȫռ䱬λǿߵĳٶȣͱһһ㴫ַԺ
ʱ֮£ַѧϰǿ֮սǰܶվڰȫĵص㣬ĹսЩΪ˿һ㣬սܵನɱ
ַ翴֮ʱַͻȻоһΣճַշӦԼ߲ԶһʿɢǿԼһ¿ơ
ԷһǿߣСٻûиӦ
ַ󾪣˭
ϣ
һ̣һλʿóһߣץַ

ַû뵽˻˽ʿ֮У
һ㣬ַҲʤΪʮʮתϵǿץԼѾɱҲţ֮Уû뵽ΪץԼԳ
ϻһʧЩ׷ȥ񶼻һ߾ʬ
Զ߿֮ϣʥǿֵ߽ʮѾ֣ҵλǿ߶Ժһ֮˷׷ɢ
ò˵ǿ߷֮˫ûһӣͽˣ
ʮʮɢҪЩȫǿҲġ
ӣ
ߴ˵ľ׷ȥת֮ӳǵߡ
˵ľٶȴλǿں׷ᣬ׷

һֶ£ɫľ³ڽ֮»Уʱǧٿס
߿ûнɱĵϵĻһóҾ㲻
޳ܵ࣬Ҫڵȥɣ
䣡
ڵճһ޴Ģƣһߵİ֮䣡
ҲλǿߵĹ֮ڵը
Щڵ˵ıԸʣӵк;ķͬʱԻþĴ
Ǻεȵĸ߰ҲԼڵ࣡
λǿ֮Ҳ׷ˣһͬھʽڵȫһɱһʮתϵǿߡ
ǿзֻ˶ѡ

ַ类һ·УַצﶯãַǿͱطŪιȥˡ
ٷУŷɲãͻȻоǰһǿϢӭ
ţλ뷢԰׵ǿߵסȥ·
ʲôˣҵȥ·
ȻΪҲóȻ֣ΪԷԼһģһ
ҵĳǿߣסɳ
׵ĵҵˣץ࣬ҷȥ򣬲ݣ
ҵˣַƣǿߣַ룬һˡ
ǲҺҵбҪʥЩǿ߾ͻֱסʥ
ǿ߿ʼʥ֮ʱЩǿ߲û֣ħ½˼꣬ѹɣȨһߵľ֮ʱڲ𽥿ʼܣ½СʥѹĴڽѹһʥǿȡģԣ˺ڴսʼʱû֡
Ѿ˷ºݻҪʥʱٲʥҪΪʷˡ
ǣҵǿ߶Ըʮҵǿ߶Ĵϡ
ǻһץַ硣
ž޿ЦݣҳλΪܸߣҪɱһʱλɱңҲһλ»Ȫ
ĻûȻλǿ߶ͬǿߣķħǳǿҪסǳѣƼˣԱ֮ܺһλͬھ
ŭңΪɳôǿץ磿Ҫ˵ɱʥŮЩǹ
ΪҪ㣿ϻ˵Ҫˣ
ǷҵˣҾ͵´ûзִԲͻٽ壬Ҳ룬Ҫˣ
ЦϲģֻץһҵˣȻʥѵҪôΪ磬˴ٽ壿ûԴҩɣ
㲻֪ҵĴΨһˣ㲻ˣһ˺ͬھҲҪնɱٴˣ
ãҴӦǲɱ֮ҷΣɱ
Ҳڵģǿ߽֣Լûа취ס٣Լ̽ӱҲûõģսʱͻ
ҪǿŮ派ѪҪʱ䣡ԣһҪץģ
ڣλǿ߶˹ģҪȻͶˣ˵ôϻԣַв
ҵҲɱ磬ҪɱĻɱˣûбҪ׽硣
ʵĵλһܸߣûв´ĻӦĴϣԲԣ
ûϣ
ǿߵãȻˣ˵ĻǸ߰ǲʳԵģ߰ɣ֮ҿ٣ʲôˣҷģͻٽ壡
λǿҲ˴˽սʲôˣȻ˵˲ҺҵĶ滹ԼߵļġץҵˣҵϼһͶˣõԥô
⼸궼ҿʥںòһſʥλãϣˣҪץߣҵǿȻԸ⣡
ĿǰܺģԼ֮һûʲôˣɱ٣ս֮вСɱ٣ûϣˡ
ڣ˵»ὫٷŻֻѡţʱĲ˻ɱ٣һȫ湥壡
׵һЩ壬岻ǧһֱΪУֻƤë壬Щ׵ԿģǿҪԸĻ˫ǳܲģҲ·
ԣҵǿ߷ߣʱ򲻸Ҳˣ
ַƲѣǱƣ⣬ȫܶ˵˵ˣ
ַ絹λǿߺΪԼڵŮ派Ѫ϶᲻ԼηηβԲλǿߵĶַ֣ǳ֮壬ģʱַֻߣ
ҵλǿҲ᲻ַǲַ֪ʲôǳ֮壬ֻоַΪʥתٽ㣬ôΪһͻɱǲŲҳ֡
ǣ
ץסַȥ
λǿ߸ոշأҵλǿҲոɱҵλǿ˷ɵʥ֮ڡ
ٵʥǿߵʬ壬λɫÿ
ʥΧ֮ǧ﷽ԲѾأʥǺʥĵ̶Ѿʧ
¶ҵǿߵأѵץˣ
类ץˣץĴϣ
ҵλǿߵһǵֲǿ߶֮ǿԭϵˣ̫Ҵ㼴մǿ߽ɽһЩɫǻΪˣ
ɳڱУҪ۴飬ҪȻ˷۴˵£ǳеġ
ţҪ壬ʥħ½϶ǲеģǵܹħɭ֣ܲҪ۴˵ȹħɭ֣һνѵӰ쵽۴˵飬֮ٻ㱨۴˽£ʲôҪȻ½ϵΪ壡
ʥ
ʥ˹
𳽵֪ͨħ½ɣٽ壡
ǣ


421 ׷Ųˣ
ַһ·УʮʱѾɽ
Ǳɽַιȥȥܲ·Ȼܱ¶ַ֪
ɲַ֪絤нСٻ
ħɭ֣㿪ߣǰٷС
ᳵ·Ĵħɭ֣ȣΣַСŵٷС
ȣϵ۴˷۵ĵ̡
ǧǰϵۺۻص֮ʱҲ֪һǧ֮ĸ½ŵǿħô½ϵ÷ۿħ½Ϊ˵ȴһ
һħô½֮£Ϊ˺ܶ⣬һһħߡ
ǧһֱΧ֮ڴţ۵õһħõ֮󣬾ħ½·ߵȴһħħ½֮ٴһħһ
ǵ˶ʮ꣬ȥħô½̽Ϣ֪ڼǰһħͳһħô½پûһħϢ
Ҳ֪һħ⼸ھͻħ½Ȼ֮¶ǳ£һһȥңȣؾ֮ãȴԼ¶ݡ
һħ½֮󣬿϶ħ½壡
һ£ǲ˳룬ҲûʲôͻûбҪģڷ۵ȥĻħ½ĺƽ٣
ħ½ħô½Ҫǿǧ򱶣ŭʮɽ֮ȺսĴħ½ͻͿ̿
ۺϵҪǿ壬ǻ
ԣ۵Ŀֻһ񣬲濪սһанмɡ
Ҳ֪ۺһЩ֮ڻҲûȥԸۡ
Ϊ飬Щ鶼ȥԷǳǿһĸ߽ȥ·һ
Ϊʲô飬û֪֪ǣһأȥ̽յĳǿǶһȥ˭Ҳ֪浽ʲôģЩǿҲûԸ
ϵ۵Ĵ˷ȴΪ񽣣
񽣺͹ɱǳԷ۲Żȳɡ
⼸꣬һʲôܣһֱչأڳ֣ǴСѩ˲˳ûб۷֣ҪȻһͱ׽ȥˡ
ڣ·ȣС˷ۣ
ôĸŶץ˸ࣿ
һʲôʲô
ǰǧ⿪һŮӵסԼȥ·
ǧ׵ľ룬Ȼûз֣ɼΪǳߣȻܶԼʶ
֮ںħɭһʶƣʶκƣǧ׿ŮӣȻʶûбơ
˲ǷۣôǸŮӣ
ϸϸǰŮӣϲ˭˭
㲻֪˭
Ů˵ţɢʹâϯԲǧףŮӵгһѤɫ⻷ɫ⻷֮бֲҲ̲סһ
ͫȻһ󾪣лǡ۴ŵǣ
۴ôħ½ôϵ۴˵ĵ̣˲Ƕһôôһطô£
ŵЦʶ࣬ˣҪȻɢ
ŵЩףַļ޻һѣַǱס˹һΣʲô
ַŵû뵽ģһһַץסַͿԵõһ
ν̤Ьٴȫѹ
ŵǣƾʲôˣ
ǺǣΪҲʶôħô½Һ֣ˣҲɱ㣬Ļȫᣡ
ŵϵӴҶ֡
˵͸ŵǣ۴ݾܽѹģ
ô죿֪룬ŵץַ磬һַе֪ԼץһϢ˳ȥŵǻԸԼŵһԸԼۿ϶ܿõϢҲԸԼ
Ů֪ԼץʥŮһ񣬿϶ˡԼ
뵽亹ֱ
׷Ųˣ
ŵͻȻ֣л֮бŶĿĹâ󻯳һ֮
ŵǵĳֻһϸϸĹâȥ󣬵ад󺧣
ǡѹ
䣡
ֱӱҷףͷȥ֮һѪ졣
һУˣ
ӵϷд󺧣ŵǣѵѾǰ񾳽磿
ˣҹҪȻ潫ˣ
ŵ뽫ɱַ磬Ľսŵǲұ֤᲻ɱַ硣
ãݣ
ַŵǵķȥնȥͻȻɫľצ֮Ȼһǿַĺ󱳡
һ̣ԶݣĶӣŵû׷д󰲡
֤Լȫһɱַ磡ǲһħֻҪˣŲὫԼץһй¶ȥ
ֻɱַԾ󻼣
ַ磡
ŵǳȥַסַơ
ַѪƤһѣڵĹ֯Ƭһľ塣
ַ磬ѣѡ
ַ磬Բԣ
ַ硭
ŵᣬˣܶʱʬΣǸղŵǸմӷץַ磬ƲסԼҪַߡ
ַŵǵģҲҪŵ
ŵô룬²ȥɱַ硣
ַ类ȫһ֮һ̣ŵΪַˣһˡ
ŵǵһ˲䣬ʧȥһǣʹʹ
ףô£
ŵǷַ֣粢û˻ԣľһѳƬЩƬĳܵһ
ʲôʣ
ŵҲֱ治
ַ粢ûŵǲŰַˣŵ治֪ȥԡ
ж˺֮ǣ᲻ŵǵ鼫ìܡ

ַٴ֮󣬷ԼȫƤ羧һ㣬ڵȥһűõ֩鲻
ַ붯΢һȫһ̹Ǻͳ鴤һʹ
ұˣҲǳ֮ôô
顭
ַʶѾһˣǳ֮壬ڱ׵𻵣ȪˮûʲôЧãǷˡ
ɶַ󾪣ʲôˣô
ĵʮתȫһûѾǳˣҪǳ֮屣㣬͹ˣ
½Ŵҩ֮һȪˮûа취ƣǻʲôҩԼ壿
ǳ֮Ȼǿ󣬵֮ȴ޷ָƣַһľɥ
һʣ֮һҩͿƻָΪ𽥱ǿ֮һҩ΢ûáַǳ֮壬֮ļƷҩﶼûáˣȪʮ¾ͻȫָǴ˿ȴˣȪˮҲΪˡ
Сٻû°ɣأҲûˣ
û£Ϊ˵סһСٻ˯ˣΪ˾СٻҲ˯ˡĪƺͺû¡
ַ糤һֻҪҶû¾ͺá
ַƫͷĿ⻷ܣԼһµ档
ݷǳľ¸ɾһһһɫˮǽ֮ɫ٣һ˱ǡ
ַ˼ôôϤҺ
ˣˣħô½֮ʱԻɭ֮ŵסĵطô
飿˭ң
ĵŵǡ
֤ʵַͻȻһӰ
ŵһҸĻĿ
ַкܲζŵô
ַ磬ŵڵΪǳֲһоͽϴˣѾ߾磬ΪѾǰ񾳽磡
ҲΪͻʮתתƵ֮û飡
αҪǿĶ࣬һʮתİɱһʮתα
ȣͨıؾ֮أŵչ˼죬˺öҩ﷢޷ָ֮Ϊ˵ҩȥˡ
ַŵǣ¸ʮ꣬ŵȴַ硣
ַΪŵǶԼ֮ǣ´μ֮ʱǲݣַô벻ŵǻԼ
ڣŵǻΪԼȥҩ
ַͻȻоԼŵǡ
ˡֵϵ۴˷۵ĵ̡
֪֮Ƿ۵ĵ̣ŵչַʱС˵ġ
ۣ
ŵǺͷ۲ôôһ
ʱºĪƴǬ
ַʵ˲Ҫɣ
ĪƵȪأ죬һǻסǬĵǬˡ
磬ˣ
ַεĵҵˣŵǼȻȥΪҩһа취κңǲõġ
硭
¿һַ磬ȦЩ죬ͬʱϷɱ⡣
ûµģɵѾͷҸ󣬺ܲôġ
ַڷǳƣСѩСèС屻ץˣ˯ˣԼˣˣھʣººĪơ
Сѩ˻ԼȥȣôȣŵȥôôԼôȥڣŵǿϾȣСѩҲܣ
ŵ۵ĴˣУ
ĪƵ磬Ŀǰģֻ˾ͺˣǵĴ󲿶Ѿˡ
ַ粻⣬󲿶ӣ
ĪƵСѾϵˣǺ͸СѾħ½
ôϵģ
ĪصĵǰһΣμˣǸСεġ
ֹܣ
ΪʲôҪĪΣҲԣַԼһһֱڻԡ
ַʵСΣô˵ģ
ĪƵС˵һ٣Сġ
٣ڶѾˣҿھǴٰɡ
磬Һͺ³ȥӦС˰ɣΪߵĸСһ취ġʱǰзչһЩʱӪСѩˡ
Īƶ˶ֵ磬ȻŵǾ㣬Ͳ˺㣬ҲȫģֻҪŵڣ֪ûҲҰô
ַͷҲﲻʲôæҲǰ취ֻŵǺͷ˷˻ǲΪǵ̫ˡǺ͸С˽Ӧ̲ݻ֮󣬵ָٺǽӦ
ַڴСֱǾСΪߣͨ㣬κ鶼֪ȾиСڣַţһжᰲźá
ַеǴôȥȣȲ˵߲ȥħɭ֮ڰޣѹѹ㣡
ĪЦ磬ҵġѪħ󷨡ѾдɣֱӴѪݡɽûģĹȣ˶ѣȥûġ
ôţ
ַ类ǿ׷ɱĪƳĻȫԴַתߣĪȴ֣ܳһһáѪħ󷨡Ѫħַݾͻᱩ¶


422 ϵ۴˷
ַͷãͺͺһȥɡ
±ַߣĪáѪݡ֮ͻˣҪչˣַ߾ֻкһˡ
ĪЦţ磬ͺúɩӶ°ɡ
ַȥ
ĪЦ磬ʵŵǸˣ˵ʱŵǰչ˵΢˵ЩǶˣÿ춼ػߣÿ춼Ϊᡭ
ַеĪƣҹ
磬ûڳ˲ܶ۸㣬Ժûл۸ˡ
ַҧгݡ
磬ȻŵѾһˣʹֻҪŵǲ⣬ֵܶŵǵġ
Ī˵˵ţͻȻַһ֮һĪ
ĪһŶ
ޱĿַ磬ַḧ硭
ţ
硭֪ŵǶܺúܺãҸ֪Ѿ飬ǡ
ͣһ£ֵ磬ǶԺõˣҲǺһ˵ģҲκŮ˰ߴߣŵҲУ˭Ҫ磬Ҿɱ˭

ַ翴źµɫǳ棬Ŀ֮ԾűĻ档
磬㱣ء
ַĿڴ֮£ˡ
ѾħˣѾԽԽˣҺú¸ĪˡԺҪպãȻĻ㲻뿴¾鷳ˡ
ַһͷַһֱΪԼݼõСѩŮ派Ѫ˵ĹϵЩ壬ٺŵǳ֣˻ˡ֮ϲԼս£ðһ£
ºŮӲͬѾħ϶¾ͻȥںУַģŮһ֣ɱ
úºĪһ߾Ǹǳǵѡ´ŵǵĻŵǳ֣򲻹ŵǣŵ˵ɱ˺£
ŵǵԸ񣬾ԲԺ飡
֮ŵǻˣŵˣǱһӢġ
߽ݣŭĳ嵽ַĴǰ
ŵǣΪСӺķǧĹֵô
ŵɫޱȲ԰ףǳ֮ϣֵãŵ϶¾һȥҪһȵף
ŵǣܻ֪ȥ㶪Ҿ㣬ڤȪΪʲôΪʲôҪСӵʲôݣ׺ʲôϵ
ŵǵĵۡʲôϵҪôбҪôûңԼҪȵģ
㡭
ַһ𣬷ۣϵ۴˷ۣŵǺͷӦǵжԹϵŵôͷһǷ۾ŵǣ
ʲô
ɫЩãŵǣ㲻ǰɣСӣ
߹һץסַĲӣַоһϢ
˵㵽ʲôˣŵʲôϵ
ۣҪ˺
ŵǳһѴ˷۵֣Ҹ㣬˺Ҹƴ
Ŀⶢַ壬ɫ΢䣬ףʲôʣô֣ȥѪ֮ȥȴ缫Ʒʯһ㣬ô£ʲôʣ
ҸоеǳϢСӣңʲôʣ
ַ絭ĵǳ֮壬Ҳ֮һıԴ֮壡
ɶǳ֮塭
о岻Ȼĺ˼ԼȻ￴Դ֮֮һǳ֮壡
찡
Դֱ֮ǣħ֮塢ǳ֮塢֮壡ӵκһʣֻҪ𾳽ϣͿñԴֻأɾʹܣ
Сӡҡ㵽˭
۵Щ
ַȻ˵Լʵݣŵǿ϶ûи߷ۡ
ַ룬죬ǳΨһӣҽǳ磬ظ¾ϵ۴˷۰ɡ
ǡ
ǳ棿ǳ磬ǳǾһλôû˵
ַ룬ʦ𲢲ˣԣ˵ˣҲû˵
Ŷ۾ȵǿߣǳʵ档
ðɣȻ֪Ҿͽµȥǰѡ
ַ֮ƴ룬ͻȻ۾һѾ˶Բߡ
ʦһΪѾͨݵأǰѾһλܣֻԳΪǳĵһλԵɺ֮ʦԭʦ֮棬ΪһˣҲѰӵǳ֮ʵˡǳ֮Դ֮֮һǧ֮Ҳǳ١򲻸ˣʦ֮ңʦǳ֮壬Ϊӡ
ܣͻ𾳽֮ϵľ磡
ûлַĻΪֻԴ֮ܳɾʹܣǰȷȷʵʵһԴ֮壬ƭ˵ġŵǺĹϵͬһ㣬ŵΪ۴ˣôƴȥȣ
£Ȼַǳ£ðˣ¼¡
ۿԲκ˷ǰλԺпܳɾʹܵĴڣȻŵǶΪ˾Ҫô˿϶кܴô
ԣκǰ˴ùϵҲҪ֪ͨʦϵۡ
ַˣ˵ŵΪ˸ҩ£Ƿ־ŵǣλĴ£û
Цŵǵ¾ҷ۵£ŵΪǳֲ㶪ҺķǧĹºǳֿҪлŵǡ
ַЦһģҿ֮һлλ
ŵʱóһƿӣƿ֮һ󴿾ƿ˳
ַһɢڿеȻʵʻ
ַоҪȪˮŨ;ǧٱ
찡
ŵǵ⡮֮ͺˣ
˵ţݺݵĵһַ磬󽫡ַ֮ȥ
ȥַ֮оһ̹ԼԸоĵٶϡ
ŵǼ͸Ӧַ壬૵ĵǳ֮֮ȥûȬٶȣ֮ھȫˡ
ַ缱æʽ飬ʲô֮
֮ȪˮľڡȪȪ֮вҵһȪ
Щ
Ȫˮ
ַǰ˵Ȫˮ֮ȪˮȪˮ֮Ȫˮ
ҪȪˮƳȪˮҪΪﵽ磬һҪȪˮѶȷǳ󣡶ȪˮƳȪˮûõ
ַ缱æŵǣǲһȻȪ
ŵǻû˵۵ǳֹʶ㲩û֮ڵȷһȪǱȾ˵ġȪ
Ŷַʵ֣ΪΣ뷽ָ֪
ۻĵǧ꣬һֱȴţһڰҵ飬һ̽ȣӵʦϵ۴˵Ĺ񽣣ɳ룬ǿ̫ˣҵĹܶطҲȥ
ǧʮתϵȥ̽ûһܻųǰڤͻ֮󣬹֮ͶǰڤһûȥĵطڽȵĺģһƬɫˮǺˮ߽飡
ҺսЩǲɱģ֮˳֮ʱ˳һЩǺɫĺˮˮ֮оˮǱħʥˮùħ֮ǱħġȪˮ
ȪȪȪﾹȻһ̶ȻȪ⼸ҽȥ˼ΣһЩȪˮÿζǳΣգҵҲ˲أȪߣǲܵģΪȪѾħǲܸıģЩҲɱġ
֮ŵҪһЩȪˮ£ЧҺŵһȥѰ֮֮ѾħˡĻ֮˳ȡĻ֮ŵǧĹһŽĻ֮ħ֮ѾΪˡ
ַ缱æлλ֮ģ
ַŵǡǵˣ飬ַ绹ǻᱨġ
ַ֮ס
ϣŵߵַԱߡ
ַ磬˺֮ߣҲ뿴㣡÷֪һɱ㣡
ַ翴ŵǣ֪ŵװģҪȻŵǻԼô
ŵǣлл㡭
ַ粻֪ԼҪ˵ʲô治֪ȥŵǡ
ŵǺüллңûʲô˵ô
ŵǣΪʲôͷһ𣿡
ʲô£˭һһֲʲôˣܵô
ŵһӻͲЩôôͲǵĶô
ԭʱ۷ŵ֮ʱڴħô½ħ½֮ʱ֮ͨУޱǿĹӰŵǵ̥
ħ½֮۷ûдŵȥǣǵ֮ͨлŵǸе̥ڸУ۷ԼȫŵǣŵǴħ½
֮ŵ˺ӣ⺢Ӹħ֮壬񾳽磬۵͵ǣ֮ϵ۴˾硣
ŵǼħ½һ¡
ַ֧֧ᣬðɣ˭һһɣҲˡ
ŵҧгݣƴȥ㣬ûʲô˵ô㵽ûģ
ʵŵʵ˼ǣ㵽ûң
ַоǳƣҲѾлôǷһô㵽ô
ŵǱĿˣôôѵͲǵĶô
ַȻһѾˣŵǷֱʱŵѾ̥꣬ôȥˣӿ϶ˡ
ԼˣַոЩ˷ܣǺܿɫȻ
ҺŵǵĶӣַĲ֪ԡ
ַ粻ҿŵǣʵǵĶӡôˣ
ŵǵôˣǵĶħ֮壡º󣬾Ѿʦ۴ˣǵĶӽպöʮˡ
ҵĶѾʮˣַεĸо
ʱݵͻȻһƿһӢɱڵĳ˽ĿĿַŵǡ
Ƿۣ˿̣ȫɫҰף˫Ŀðҧгݡ
۷ŵǣңô£жӣʮꣿҵô£
ŵȻһˡ
˭Ҳû뵽ʱۻ۵ΪŵǵΪߣҪַŵȻо
ŵƽһԷ۵ȻѾˣҲ¸㣬ҺʮǰѾˣǵĶӶʮˡ
۵׻һ㣬ƲסȻ
ŵǣҰʮ꣡ﲻãң㾹ȻҺСӽ飡
ŵ侲ĵۣ㰮Ҷ£Ҵû˵ϲ㣬Ұ㣬۵Ĵˣϵ۵ĴˣǱһ΢ĵжԹϵ˸Ͳһ𣡡
˵ˣҺ˭黹ҪͬôʦͬͺãҪ㽻ôҲҽˣǱôҺʲôϵѵĹϵ
۱ŭƲסԼһɱƷ
ǳ磬Ҫɱ㣡


423 ɽ
ŵǵַǰۣң
ŵǣÿҽɱ˲ɣ
ŵЦۣҺǳ飬ʦͬ£ɱʦôҪ
֢ĴЦɱ˾ɱˣѵʦʦôЩɱǱߵ˶ˣɱһǳûʲôˣ
ÿ
ŵǵãҪɱһɱ˰ɡ
ŵóлȫͷ۵ɱԿһ
һ̣׸ߵԶŴϢײ֮»ΪƬ
ֻϢײɼ˵ΪѾһַǳֲľ硣
ַŵǵ֮»˵ϣ֮УŵǺͷ׼֡
۵ԽԽʧأŵǣ˭֪ҵδޣ£ûдôԵôѵһλöûô
ŵ΢ŭۣʦ㣬ֻǺϵ۵һЦܵ棿Ҫ϶¡صʽôˣҵʦʦô㣬˾˵δޣȫҥ磬˭֪ǶģδôǸߣʦߣ㻹ڿ˵ңΪô
ŵǣ㲻Ҫǣһ𳤴ģѵʮǰһֱһôӦң㳤֮ҪһģΪʲôΪʲôһδ˺ңΪʲô
ѵЩΪô඼ô綫սҾٴΣħս˭ƴػ㣬һδεı㣬жٴΣΪ
Ĳ˵ΪСӶȣҾ㣬ˣѵĸܲҵôκ鶼Ϊ㣡
ŵǵʶ˷ļ䣬ʮ֮ǰͷھġ鶦֮ÿ˶Ӱ롭
ǸʱǶôǣС޲¡
Դʮ֮۴ŵǣϵ۴˷ۣԴ֮˼ûм棬ʱôƣ˶ûа취Ǳ˴ˣ֣Ļκ˶޷ǵġ
ٴμ֮ʱǶһսԵжԵĹϵ档
˼αˣڼˣ˴ĿŶԷһ仰û˵
˶´μû뵽֮¼档
ΪУ˫ͳ˧
˫żһ鵹£е˼һ˲䶼һ֣ɱ
һս˫˭Ҳûʤ˭Ҳûʧܡ
ΪŴţ˫ͳ˧ˡ
˼棬˴˵жкܶ໰˵˷ǣ֪ȥڡ˵϶Լ˵Ѫʱ֪ȥԡ
ĬĬ￴˶Էܾãֻ໥˵ء
緢̫£ÿŵΣ֮ʱ۶ᰵͦŵǣÿŵǻΪġ
ŵ֪ǰԼģΪ
Դŵħ½꺢֮ŵȥ˷ۡ
ڿԴ󷽷ģĺŵһˡ
ﲻǾ磬Լϴʲôʲô
ʮ꣬ŵǼÿ춼ŷۣǷÿζ˵£ŵǶر̸ܲ
Ϊһ̸飬ŵȴһˡַ磡
ŵףûַ磬ԼҲܷۣŵһֱûи˵ףΪŵǲ̸ڸκ¡
ʮҲǷֵӣŵûнԼÿ춼ܿŵǣÿ춼лŵǴһ𣬾㹻ˡ
Ҳţһ죬ŵǻԼġ
ǣַĳַ֣ŵǽ飬һӵϢһ㣬һ½õĻ붼𣬽۵һ´ƶ˴˹ȵףٲ֮ء
ŵ̾һۣ˶ģǸʱǻСܵʮ֮ûзֿĻǳԺ󲻵жԵĻǻһġǣڣǸ˾еĶҪͿԵõģܶ鶼ҿԿƵģǳ磬ҵУǷ˺ܶ⣬ֹ⣬ȴˡ

ûĳ֣Ϊ㣬һһΪ֪㰮ңûõģľѳۣһѾı䲻ˡ
۴Ŵŵǣɱߣ
ŵǽлУҲҪʹҵʬϲȹȥ
ŵǷǳַһ˿˿ů
˿ַ̣ŸоŵǰԼģ
ʹѣŵǣ֪ҲģԶ֣
ۣһòãǲһģѵ㲻ôûнģ
۵ֶŵǣ߰ɣҲַһҲиӣֻҪɱҾ͵ʲô¶ûз߰ɡ
ԶַȻⷽв㲻Һŵǽ飬жӣŵǽⰡ㲻ô˼Ҳϲ㣬㲻ô
ַںìܣԼܺŵһ𣬾ԼŵûнҲϣŵǸߣ
ʲôںŵôڳԴô
ѵҰŵǣ
ܰ
ַ˸顣
ŵǽлǰ˵ҪɱɱңҪ֣㣡
۵ӿǳ˭Ҳû뵽ھ߳Ƶϵ۴˷ۻһ档
Ըôŵǣ˵ҲֵģҰŮˣҷֻһˣô֡
ŵһݣ㲻֣ҳ֣
ŵǻ䣬лһ޾ϯȥ
һ̣ߵķһƮԶ
ۡ
ŵǳȥ۵ķȥ
ۻѪȫʮ
ŵǽڻȪˮ
ۣΪβ㣿ΪβΪβ֣
ŵǣ˵ҲֵģҲᡭ
ɵ
Өδŵ¡
ȡŵǣΪô
ŵǵͷ
Բ𣬷ۣ֪㰮ңǣûа취һΪǵעǲһ𡭡
ۺȪˮϵѪѾϣѾָࡣ
촽ţ֪ԸΪϵ۴˵ݣֻһ𣬺һʲôԸôˣѵ㲻ô
ŵᣬЩʣ֪ΪһҶ֪Ϊ㰮ңԽңҾûа취ȥ㣡ԸΪҷһУҪ֪ϵ۴˵ݣʦŹôʦŹ㣬ôľŹôڵλãֻ·һҪһԼԼģѵ㲻ô
Ϊʲôһֱܾ㣬һֱȥ˺㣬ѵѵҵô֪ÿҾܾ˺ʱҵжʹô˺㣬㣬ףǲһģԴ˵ݱȷ֮󣬾ѾɼˣǵǲԼġ
ÿ˶Լ·Ҫȥߣ˽Ȼ෴·Ϊǵˣһ޷ıģԶĻΪѣֻãΪѣ֮ĹϵҲֻѣѣսϣǵˣǲɸıʵ
ۣ㻹ѣôǾѣҪѡңһټ㣬ΪԼ
һзۺγף
ֻǷ۲ģԼϵ۴ˣ߳ƣΪƸΪ꣡û£
ǣɱǣȴӵԼŮˣһҲȥӵУ
ŵǺͷͨˣС÷һһ𣬾ΪǵݣǸ߸ϵĵλ͵жԹϵע˲һ
ڣŵѾĻ߸ۣ۶ʱףŵǲϲңŵһδεľܾңһδε˺ңΪҺãŵǲ
۸ףŵĽԼ´˳ȥôԻŭۺϵۣ׷ɱ
£˭Ҳ˵ЩŵһֱĶԴۣһδε˺ֻۣ֪ŵһδε˺Լȴû뵽ŵ࣬ȫΪ
νԣǸ飬һݽȥ˾Ͳ԰Σֻ֪ȥŵǣȥ׷ŵǣľǲģ벻ŵΪԼ
ܶ飬ҲףֻǲΪʲôԼòԼŮˣ
ŵڽһ˶ͻ
Բŵǣôһֱˡ
ۣô˵±ӣԼѡ·һһ𡭡
ۿЦ±ӣ
ǳȻΪߣʣԺضܳΪܣֻʱ⣬ףҸ
ŵȫǿˮҺҸô
̸ֽһᣬŵ˵һеʱ˶ˣһˣصػһֱѹٻеĽҲ֮Ľ⿪
ŵǺͷĸߵľһͨˣͻ

ŵǺͷ˵ͻȻͬʱһǿϢϢǿƲסȻ
ͬʱ󾪣ͻǰԤף
˶ʱһϲͬʱףЩһֱƿ޷ͻƣһֱ㲻ˣˣ;綼ˣ޷ͻƣ
ڣ˶ڣԭǸϵѹ֣һֱѹǵľ
νħԼ޷ֵħ
ħѳ;綼ѾͻƵ㣬һˮɣ
ŵǶԶַķһߣͻƻ˵㣡
ףأ
ʵַܵŵǺͷϵϢ֮ʱַ֪ͨΣգַˣ֮ʶӦĻ档
Щȵŵͻưתͻưת
Ŷַʵλôģ
ħʮתϾͻ¿ʼλģʵֻǽзͬѡʮһתߣǰһתʮһתħ߾αһת񾳽ͻƵʮתͿ򣬶αתֻĿȥαʮת˻޷ͻư񾳽磬ôһΪֹڴˡ
Ҫǣ񣬲ΪĿʼ
ַ簵̾갡ǿʼأǲʼ㲻ϣ
ÿεַоԼǳʱ򣬽鶼ַ
ַ統Ȼ֪ԼԺ·ܳܳ
ڵʱַ㿪ʼͳһ˵;Ҳﵽ˵ǲռ伸޵еĸ߶ȡ
ħô½ַ緢һµĿʼΪħô½֮ĸȣֱ֮
ַͳһħô½Ҳħô½Ķǿߣħ½ֱһߣһһµĿʼ
ַͻȻãԼԼĿ磬ǳǳңԶ

ŵǺͷʮ׾ϥͬʱޱȿֲϢϢҲͻǰԤףҲ֮ǰԤף
ַоŵǺͷ˴һɽ٣
ҲУ
϶УʲôеģٵԶһģͬĹһͻƵĻͬʱ˵٣Ͼÿͻһ㣬һ˶ɽ٣Ҫ˴Э߰æһǿסٵģŪ߾ͻ߻ħֱ߱Ĩɱ


424 Ƹ
˶ټŵǺͷһˣл͹񽣣϶ܵס٣ٵԽ󣬴ǵĸͶԹԽ࣬ǵĳɳԽкôԣ˲ѡһͻƣȻһͻƣûмͬһʱͻƿġôǳͬʱҲǳΣգͻڼ䣬˱һһɱһ˵Ļһͷͻùʧ⣬ɱһˡ
ôôùΪʲôͻû١
ַǳơ
û٣ǰ˵ôȵħֺһʱҪܡħ֮١ʱ֪ˣħ١ͨҪǿǧٱ
ʱԶĺ¡ַͽĶԻ
֮ϱ˺ѳһҵȱڣȱ֮žϸС翪ʼۣ۳޴ĹǿĹ޾Ļ֮ŵǺͷ۵ķȥ
䣡
䣡
裬һıըϣŵǺͷ۵ķܿ챻ٵҳһǧ׷Բӣٵ֮˺˷ӣ֮ڽ·׷ԲΪƽأ
һʱ䣬ռɫͻɫɳĿռ䣬ַҲܲŵǺͷˣֻлɢǿ֮ɢ͵Ĺں֮н׷Բĵط֡
϶ΪһɹĽٱˣ
ôǿַ಻ѣٵ߽սƻǿ
һѹַ翴ĳŵǵ١
ţյİѷͻȻͣ˺ѡ
ڼƵɫ߿ʼᣬѹ
ڶٽ٣޾֮ȵһҪǿ󼸱ֹ
ռڲ
鼱æַ磬
䣡
ֱַ֮ӱӿȥѪ͵ѪҺ
ݣôôǿ
ԶıըһʱɽѣԶ޴ѷַĽӶ
ߵɽ忪ʼѣһƬֱӹ֮һһƬҺɫƽء
ϴĵط֮ǴݲһƬأ
ӣ
ַֻӣ
ǰ֮󣬺ıըַֹͣתͷ߿ա
ٴηɵУַ翴ɽѾһϿȡ
ַ֪ٵǿ󣬵ôôǿ۱ŵǵΪתȻŵļ
ַʶһŵǺͷ۵ķȥ
ٴοŵǺͷ֮ʱ˵ɫЩ԰ףַо˺ǰЩͬıˣﲻַͬ˵
ַæȭЦϲϲǹϲλ
ۿַ磬֮һ˿Ϊ˲֮Цζǳ֣ǳ֣ڰתƿڼǧڶ޷ͻˣνøҪллǳˡ
лңţ
ַЦǿˣԷֵΪľûзŵġᡯҲܿͻƵģηֺŵһͻƣöл񽣵ܴﵽһ罻ڵľ磬Ǵ۽硣
һ㶣ЦǳǺ
ŵǿ˽ãд󰲡
ŵ־˿潻ãܾﲻԾ
ʱŵͻȻоԶǿ߷
ϴһԼϵѪַҲŵǺͷԱߡ
ǿߺܿ˵ַͫһǰ˲ҵǿô
ҵ׺ҵ𳽣ѾѰҷգҲۣ﷽ŵٽ˹
ף𳽲μ۴ˡ
׵۾һôȻڲǺ˵ʱ
۵ʲô£
𳽵һ֮ǰʮʮתϵɱʥɱ񣬻ʥΪĴ˴ΪѾȫ½Ĺߣ๫ƽѾʼٽɽ֪۴֮ڣӰ˵Ĵ£Դ˴ǰ˵Ĵ˴жӰ쵽˴ˣôʥ೷
ǰ˵ĨǣʥԸɣ
ɫЩÿǡ
۵ڤ֮ĵ̣ǿԶǲܶҲǲô
ǣˣ
ʱ۴ˣλʥʥһ֮ǰץߣǱ۴ȣϷڴл۴ˡ
תͷַʥˣ
ַǣҵ磬ȻһʦģǸҲˡ
ַ跽һ㶮ġ
ᣬ֪һݲˡ
ֵַ֣ŵǣȻʥˣҵҲûʲô󰭣ʮ¾ͺˣҾ͸һȥˡ
ãʱһŵһȥֵġ
׺д󺧣ֱ𾪵ｹۡ
зǷ֣۴˽֣
ԱŮ۴ŵǣҲֱ֣
ʲô
ַĻҺҵǿߣͷۡŵͬȵλˣ
ôŵһ
λǣ
ͣ
ŵʲôû˵ַʣΪá
ַ統Ȼ֪ȥŵǣ·۶Լ
ⷽ۱ԼãȫΪŵǣ˭֪һ᲻ԸԼ
ַصʥ֮󣬷ʥܲѾᵽ˺ʥǽһеķֲ
Һҵǿߵһʱ佫ٺͷۡŵһ¸ʥ߲㡣
ʥҵ֪Ϣ֮󣬶һҡ
֪군ˡ
ǱۺŵǾȵģٺͷܹϵ˭Ҳⲻĺ̨һôȥԸң
Ȼ෴ģҵõϢ֮󣬻ҹ
ָտɴ
ַ翴ҵĻ̻̣ҵ˸˷ȸԾҡͷѡ
Լͷиϵۺ޲ðԼ˺Ƭ
˰ȥֻҪԼûйϵͺá
ַʥĵλһӵȵ˴ȵҵκһ˼ַ綼˳˶̵ģµַ硣
ʥַ綼ϹЦָ߸ϵƺߵƵȻ޴档
ַףȨ͵λ
ַֻҵ˵ĻҵȻɫʥҳΪַ硣
ڲͬˣֻǺʥħ½˷۳ֵܣʥͶַ̬ȫĹۣ
ңҡ
ʥĳϣ˳顣
ʥģôˣ
ĳϵʥˣǷʥ֮󣬴½ǧɵڰǰѾȫɽΣ˽Щһ򾡣
ʥͷģĺܺá
ĳϼʥˣǧɵһзǳ£ʥɽͻȻѣǳأʥ˳ʲô£ٺܿͻʥʱҾԶ޷ˡ
˳ЦѣѵĻͷˣܵȵôʥһֱڴѹЩɣʱ޿̵ڼǵʵҲֻܷ֮ĹϵǲһҲ޷ʥ⣡ѵûпǧ֮Щеһ֣Լ֮һңľǲЩɣ½ɶʥŭҪĹ󣬾ǽЩԪˣĲЩɣˣʥǽ赶ɱˣЩɣϢȥһֱʥѹƵĴĸɶŭ죡ʱٰ΢һ£Щ˶ıʥ
ɽ֮л֮ʥλУʥȨ٣ʱʥʱ̣Ҷ֪ûʲôԣһѡҽʥʱʥ
ʱսҵ˵ȻҪػʥһЩǱģڻʮϰ򣬻ʮǻ֮󣬾Ƚǵתƣȵս϶Ǽ˵սʮˣ˭쵽쵽ôѾˡ
ȵʥЩѵֻ½֮λʱְʰо֣ʱ䣬ҾͻᶫɽǴ½
ΪʥҪλʱȣ˷ޱǿĿɽûжʱȥôԸˡζԸģǽᣬ󣡶ΣǱƸۣضȡʤ
˳˵ˣĳϵˣҪľǽ֮ǰ˵ļƻǰжѣ
˳ϵûзţҸöɱˣֻļƻʱսǷҲò֣Ϊʥ£ƾʲô֣Ȼǿֻһ˵˵Щ߸ϵ˸Ͳ֮£ٵĹϵУһ˶ѣһٳɲʲôġ۵ʱҪס٣ٱסʥһἤŭ𣬵ʱѾɱˣϣòʱ˭ӣ
ʥ֮ʥ㳲ɽ
֮ʥԴʮɽ
ʥδٽ֮£ܶɶ׷ʥǲɽ˶궼ûȡʲôĳɼʥԳ϶ṥħɭ֡
Щ˶̤˻ˮʥλɵʵ
ʥѹЩ˲Ҳûа취˭ҷʥʥ
ʥԴӣȻʥҲҵ˳Ǳַܾˣʥûжԡ
꣬Ѿҵôˣǳַ϶ҵʵκˡ
ַʥһԺҪʥô˴ڴ½֮Ǳģ
ԣַʥҪһʥַͽŷ۵ѹʥ㲻ǰɣʥȨʥڵһ㶼
㲻ǰɣǡ֡˼ҿ
ʥ֪ٺͷ۹ϵǳʥҲûа취һַ磬ҸЩɽһսһٵǲΥߣն
ԣַһƺƵĳûкʥʮһͬǰС
жȥʥû⣬еĿΪ˶Ը½ǧɣǶԸ壬ʥȥʲô
ϴʥûϿȣʥԲʥȫȥѾһδȻٳԵڶΣ
ַһ·ͣȵɽɽ֮ϣѾפʥ˶׷ӭӡ
ַȵɵϴ󶼵ˣƮڿУλλǰλѣǰǴֿΧ壬ʥһʹһ𹲽ˣͬҿҾͺʹפһɣȴսʼǾһж
ҵһǳƣģҵ˵Ǵң
޳ܵģûмô޳ܵģ
ʥѾȻŭǲ˵


425 
Щɺ͸ϴǴˣ˽֪ҺҲϣȻͬΪƿʥļ壬ʵǱѹȵҵļ壡Щжȴ˵
ʱôһ£ɣǸùϵȻЩоʥͬΪǶЩѹ֮¹Ӳд
֮ҽʥô˼ǳףһͬһ˫أ˼ʥ֮λǲΪѴҵģʱǴҲΪң
ЩҲҵǰЩɢǴĻǲûʥ
ַҲףԼͷСܹϵҵ˱϶Լ̬˸һٰʮȵĴת䣬ǰﻹԼء
ʲôַ粻֪
ԣַģЩΪãȻЩûõģڴսʼַ֮취ЩȫţЩ˸мԼľ֮ǲŻվַһߡ
ʥˣֻҪ̤ħɭ֣ȥ٣٣
ڵ򽭵ˣȻҪվһ𣬻˳汣סڣֻҪܱסڣ֮˵ǲ
ӣѾʥѹĿˣҲȥʥַæǷðڵ˻ʥ֮򽭲ȥˣַ涼ûмţͱʥ˿ˡ
ַЦģڶо֮֮ͬ죬ݶԶģ˭ԺҶڣΪУһᱣסڣպ󣬲һڳΪ½һɣ
仰ףĵʥ
лʥôҵ˳ʥôҵʵôȥ
ٴӦסڣ˶ЩҵʵΣٵݵλȻôǰڣ϶а취סڣ
˶ڹ״̬˵
õٵĿ϶򽭷ǳлˣ
ڵǧɫһ̵ģڱȣأһʥʱѹһͷô죿
ǧæˣڵں޼⼸¿νˮ֮УȥڿҲס˱סڡ
ַɫƽĵȻȻӦȻʥûʲôʵȨĿǰݺ͵λסɻûġ
ǧ֮ԺԸˣհǣ
ַЦˣ֮ǰ˵ˣͬˣҶԼˣѣֵܣҵ¾ҵ£ұ֤ɽ֮У˶𣡡
˶
仰ڳÿ۾һ
ܶ˶٣ȻʥԼ˵ģʥûʲôʵȨԺܶɶǴڹ״̬ںɵЩ⣬ٱǣסס⣬ڻ˵٣Щˡ֪ôʱٱסǣǾŰɣ
ɵ˵Ȼ֪ϴħɭַ£Ϊñڵ˾˳
ںڵ˶ڰֳֻ࣡
ǱһˣǻްΧģûбɱҲܴ߽׻޵İΧ֮ӳȴӳˣֻ˵ٷǳ򵥣
ΪԼӳҲپǣʥˣǺεºܣӳ
ںڵҲɹٺȾʱսֳܶطһЩϸС˿ͿжϳһЩ
ںǲʥˣʥѹǣԸǣǵȻ˵
ߣ˵Ҳûãûκ֤ݣ٣ֶֻһˡ
ʥս֮£Ҷ֪ٱץˣֻˣʥϢգǴ˽ʥǱʥǻ𣬻ɱʥ֮´һ֪ġ
ֻ˵˺ǿǳǿǿ߽ץˣ˭бܽپȳȴ˳
ͨϼ㣬ڵ˺ڵ˾֮ӿ϶Ǵʥ֣һְţ
ԣڣںڵ˲Żԥѡ׷ַ磡ҲΪ˳һʥ
ǿɲǷȾҪǱסԼɣ
ʱɵ˳˼
ں֮ǰҲħ½һĴɣλΪʮתΪʥѹǣҲܾôȥѡ٣
϶飬ȻҶ֪ʲô飬֪ǿΪֻ˵ٺкҿʵҪȻںھԲô
Щɶħ½Ĵɣλÿ˶򵥣֣ͨͿƶϳЩ
ߣ˶֪ʥҪԸǣĽЩɢЩɶһ겻ΪСɣʱǻȥ֮󣬳ж׷ţò˶ãǵɾͻ
һûѹСɣûеܶˣǵƵʱЩСɺ͵˲ǣǵʧƵʱ˽֮󣬵˾ͻ׷׳֣
㲡Ҫ
ʱһλˣĿԱסеɶκˣ
ַЦλǰ˵һһԾŶȻ˵˳Ȼᱣ֤Ҳκˣ
õַĿ϶ϴȨһף׷װڵء
ɽԸˡ
Դ׷ˡ
һʱ䣬ǧɵ׷ױʾЧַ硣
ַףЩ˲ԼЧңֻȨ֮ºҵѹ֮²ЧԼ
ڣƣЩҲûѡ
ַǳĵͷѾʱץסЩҪշЩȻҪ
ַһפЩɵĸ
ҵһַǽģַһǰѣЩǰʲôſԣҲԵ̫ÿˡ
ҵ˽ַЩɵ´ַں
ʲô¶ϲַ֪ɽ֮У㳲Ϊ˶ԸЩɣǲҶԸԼ
Ϊַ֪иۣǸôΪԸַ磬ԲѡƸۣ赶ɱˣ
ַʲôıֻҪҵĴħɭ֣㲻ȫûҲԪˣ
ַҪ취סЩɣ
ϣµգҹϰϰַ֮ںȾơ
ַ룬ȵҹ˾ʱַȥһħɭ֮ڣŮ派ѪЩޣȰźһУ
ʱ

ˣһԳǸСҪˣ
Ŷ
ַʶһһϷһ˷ܺ;ϲȥ
ǰˣַƲסһ󼤶ۿˢһºˡ
裬ʦ
裬Һ㡭
ַһ³˳Ļ
ԱߵĽսʿһȻ裿
ĸ˱˺þã˶ܸܵ޾˼
ӣˡ
ַˣĸ׵ĿԼĺӣоӺݡˣȫǶԺӵ۰
ַЦ裬ô겻ˣƯˣ裬ˣһҪ³ĺ⡭
ЩַԱ˼½ɽ亣ζַģǳĺ⡣
ϲԣÿ춼ԡ
ڻصʥʥҲȴ˶Ը
裬λԺסңһúõТ㡣
ַֿ񣬳Цݺοоǰַ½ɽϵǸַ磬£ԼǳТ
ַ֮𾴵Ŀʦͽݼʦ
ַ¸ͷ
ַڸʲôλʲôΪԶҵʦͬʱҲڸˣʦ

Ͻַ磬Ȼַ˼дο
ַһЦʦ˼ҿ̸ͽӰȭӰƺϸûУ
ַѧ䣬̸ַһӰƷһӰȭַ꣬ȴ衣
ʱΪַʻһͨˣȻѹƣ޷ۼ޷Ϊһߡ
˿ַ̣ӰƷӰȭȻûκֻʽķǴˮȻһ壬ûκε
ĵ˵ͷôȥˣǵȭƷ
ַ統ȻûµϹ֣ڱʦ˼֮飡
˶ǳƣʦͽﳪһ
Ʒȭַ֮չ
ЦãúãΣںϸˣԳʦˣ
ַĿ˺
ܣû뵽ôּˣףͻˣô죬Ҳ̫˰ɣ
Цǰ磬Լü١ģħô½ң֮Сħ½֮ǽšһͻˡ
ַתͷľãôûƯˡ
ã
ľһºˣУұͺƯòã
ַСͽ˼ȥ
СŮþòˣôкôȡô
ַ粻ЦСǳ˳顣
˼෭Űۣ˵˵˴㶼УǸô򣡡
ַЦðɣôԶҵķϣҾͽһɣ㡭
Źԣ
˼ħ֮Ů£ַֻͽ˼֪˶֪顣
ַн˼㣬ҶΪַ翪Цѣʵ˼ַ׽㡣
Ҳˣö겻˧ˡ
ЦЦŴͣŷƵĴޱĵ⻹˵ô˧
˽Ρ
ħ꣬ҲˣĪƵİɣ
ħƲͣУ˭ˣģħ½Ҳûеطȥַ磬ˡ
ַ缱æҡ֣ǧĪƾͰɱˡ
һԵĪ
ǺǣҶˡ
ˮᣬأţأûһô
ַΣûзֶţ
ˮַ繴˹ַ֣ᣬȥ
ˮһַ࣬࣬ߵȥʺˡ
ַһ㵣ͷߣһ˲ɫѾͷ˵̫ˡ
ӣ
ʱԶһߴӰ˹һ½ַ˵ڵء
һߵĺɫһΪ˵ˡ
ǶţֻҰһ˴
ַѾģʺҲûϴ֣
˵һȭ˹ȥ
̵ģӾûϴʺϴ֣һơ
Ż
˵°Ͷˣһľ㵡
ȴһȭһŵĴţԽԽģƺڷйе˼һ㡣
֮˲ɢ˿ŶԷͷӣӴЦ


426 ٣
˶óֵܵĸǳ
ַʥݣһ֮£֮ϣ߸ϵ˺һڵϴ˴򣬿ɼΪ˷еӣҲɼ˵ĸж
磬ôһȭ
Īʱַݺݵһǡ
ʱҲκϣܣȻ͵Ϯ磬У
ţַŤŭַҵģ
ĪǱַͶţĸжֵп̫֮ˡ
˴Ȼ죬ĪƺͺѪҲ̲סսţ
ĪҲڸַͶţǶõֵܣ
˶ͷÿ˶Цֵܱһš
ʱܶ˵۾Щʪ
ΪǴ˿ֵ֮̿飡˵Ŀֿÿ˵ЦݺϢǷģ˶оõκμ٣
Ҷоĵĸһģһ
п磬ÿ׷ĶȨλ棡
ʲôֻõĳ룡Ϊ棬ΪȨֵܷĿУԲ֮Žǣ
Ϊߣžֻ赲ϰֻΪеħԣϣΪǶΪǸۣԶ򲻵ߵյ㣡
׷Ҫ飡
ڣܶȴж
ЩΪ񣬶Ǿ꣬ǧ꣬ϵŵ硣
ʱԣ˭ûаˣ˭ûںˣ˭ûֵܣ
ҶִŹΪԼˣˣֵƴʱƣȥȥ߱ѣֵֻСһеһжʱƸıˡ
ĳʲôΪػ
֮Աƣ
ûϲɱ¾ûԸⱻ۸ûԸ⿴ԼˣԼں˱ɱ
Ϊ˱ԼˣΪ˱ԼںˣԣҲȥΪֻʵܱסԼߵˣ
ǣʱƣǷʵǴĺôػԵõȨλ棡
žǸӷֻ֣һ;֮еϰ
ǣǿʼĳԡ
ˣʱ޿̵Ķڸı䣬ѡǲͬĵ·Ҳ
ʱȨλʵ׷Ķ
ǣ翪ʼĲпᣬѪ顭

ַ֪ЩȫǸСֹһģҲֻиС£
ˣַ֪Щ˲Լ
Ϊһģ
ַĿÿ˵һһɨЩ飬ֵܺǰսѣַһ̹Ȼǳ˷ܡ
ַ罫˴֮ڣҹ̸
ԭͳħ½㼸ǰʥȥ죬ʥ˸˳
ʥĴϣȻ˭ܼġԣͺʮɽ֮еȴַĵ
ʥսʿַ֪Ѿˣȥַȴַ֪类ץˡ
ɽ֮սͳַǰΧ壬Ǹɽ;У˱ţ֣Ǻ͸Сһǰ
ˣǸСһ磬ġ
СΪʲôô
һᣬ֮Ѿãַ簲ŴȥϢС
ַ翪żɽʵСңΪνЩȫЩˣеΪ̫ô
Сʣƽĵǲǽָ콣͸ˣ
ַһ㶣ţߵȷָ콣͸ңԼѾһֱûãôйϵôҪָ콣
УкܴĹϵһ٣ֻܰ㣡ԣұ㽫ӵ߶Ѿָ콣͸ˣҲûдĸ˶ˡ
٣
ַʵʲô٣
Сɫ΢΢һ䣬Ҳƶϲֻ˽ǧ򻯣ǿҵѪ֣֮Ѫ֮ǲɱģҲ˵֮˻Ĵ֮ҲһҪейء
ַ㿪ЦɣȻ֪֮Ҫ㻹㲻Ͳô
Сǳ࣬ûпЦҴǰģǲ㣬һ㣡֪һħ㲻ȫҲ
ַЦС㲻Ҫǣƶ˼ҵˣ׼ҶıˣҲһ׼ҲҵĻ˭ҵֵҵĻȲȹҵʬ壡
СЦַ磬ĹȻǺãεǳأǾ½ԤδĵһΣҺķһǧĹ֮һƬѪ⣡ѪȾأⳡ٣Ƕ㲻ģҪľȽЩ㣬и׼ǴҶи׼Ԥ
ַ˼
ȻַθСǳأַȻ̫׼ȷδǾСôһ˵ַҲһֲԤС
С㶼ߴô
Сǲ˵ģǺѡ˵ˣ˵ĻʱķʲôΣգҶûǰԤͻأ˵֮󣬴Ҳ̹Ȼԡעôһ٣˭Ҳ㲻
עǺǡҲЩΪҴˣԼУҪߵ·ȥġҪ֪ҲģĶֻΪһֲοҾֻҪǲţûУžУ֮Ҳôµģ
Сҡͷ㲻ˣô˸㣬һħôݾ;һˣѡôѪħһ˾Ǹ㣬ѡôħΪУѡôһħݣӵеһѡһ·ôϵκһˣͨˣǾףӲ˵ֻأһֹϴ
ַ˼˵Щֻÿߵ·ͬѣΪÿ˵ĳͬɳͬѡĲͬվλöͬ¾Ͳͬɲͬ˲ͬɶѣÿ˵·غеϵ;ѣʲôˣֻһҲͨÿߵ·ÿ˵ѡ񣬻ߵȥжϺһУҲһķΧѣһһʱ޿̵ԶռʹڵĸϢκˣκ飬ֻҪЩϢһһܵƶϣеؼͿƶϳǸҪߵ·Ҫ£˵εĴ٣ҲһЩǶ֪ϢƶϳѡȻѾԤ֪ǻ£ֻҪͬЭǰԤȫԶ
С˵Ҳе˾ˣÿ˵ϲֻضһɣ˭Ҳ޷ѣҪˣֻֻܳأΪܣԺȻס
С̾һ˳ȥ
֮ʥʮѹɽǧӭʥ
ʥһۣͷڣȫɢʥ⣬ʥׯϣһ·ĸо
ַƲͣǴˣˣ
ʥƯڿУλǧк࣬ǿҲһֱڶԿ壡ʮɽ֮û޼Ѱÿ뽫һ򾡣ǶΪǰ෢ܲɽħ½ɶ˽ɽǰ½󶥼ʥȣʥɳ֧Ԯȫûţǿ߻ʥɱʥˣ
Σʥʮ㳲Ҫ͸λֿ壡ȻƣҹƶˣҪԸҲأڣɽһֵѾ๥ݣǰħɭֵסǵĽŲԣǵһĿǹħɭ֣
ǹħɭ֮һ۴ʾ÷۴ɳǿ֧Ԯǣٰһƻ
죬֮󣬽ħɭ֣
ʥݽ֮󣬾ٴפûκαʾ
ɶڰԴĦʥͼ˶ף˴ʥ㳲һҪǵɢ
ڣҲֻܽϣַϡ

һ֮УʥĿǰ
ĳϵٱһԭЩȻԲѿº˵סЩΣҿʲôͨı£
˳ϵ²ɴ⣬ϴ︲ǰ֮ټȻܴӦЩɵϴ󣬾а취ģǲС٣Ѿ˲ٿˡ
ʥͷ˳˵ûϴǵħɭ֡޹ȡ֮ȫ𣬶ɡҲµûĻٿ϶ϴһû޽棡ʱЩЩ޶Ըǡ϶һ壡Էһǵ˲ܽ޹ȣ
ĳüʥˣǵ˲޹ȣЩܽȥôЩɿȥΩǴӣǵ֮һֱǡ
ʥΪ˷ֹٵıֻʱɽȥǲȥĻҾԷﵱǿս
ʥˣĻǧɣҲԪˣǧɼжʮ˫Ĵֻܾˡ
ʥЦһȺں֮ڶѣȻôˣʵЩǿ߶ûŸԼѹأǵĽǴɢ֮Щǿ߱סǵɲַԣȻ࣬ûа취ǿ⣡һǵܵ˶࣬ƴûǶѵصͳһսʿأ֮ܶ䶼ûʲô飬ǵ޷һҼʧ˾ܽȫ𣡡
ĳЦʥӢѾЩɵϢĻҲԽԷｫɱ
ţʥЩˣɱĻǻҪƻôôɱˣҪٺзۣЩ߸ϵˣǽô˿϶ڰб٣Ȼ˵˲ܲǺ֮ķҺò׳һʥλãܲô޴
ĳɫһ䣬ĵʥˣҾٺͷ۵Ĺϵʲôݣпܺͷһô˵ˣĺͷ۹ϵôõĻ÷۳æԼˣֻҪʥ˵һ仰ܽѹģôʱ䣬۸ûг棡ҵˣҲôʱҵӲôҾô˴ɱõʱƸ۵ļƻ̫ʵΪףʱ̫ʵʩΪס
˳ϵģ뷨ûɱɳĲȡûа취ܶ˽ǵļƻȻʵʩȽ鷳Էǳףǲܵκηա


427 Ҫ췴ô
ĳЦôҿ¾ηηβʮ֮УǶΪˣ˵ôôǰа˸ϣһ壬ΪҳıߣҲһУǲҪǣʦ֣ûôǱǼǿڵʱһֱųңҲŲˣ˵Ǵһ룬˵ÿһֱЧİ취
ʥͰ˳ϵɫÿĳϼʲôƸۣʲô赶ɱˣֻ˵ǹ˼̫࣬һδεķߵˣһδεĸ˻ᣡʥÿ鶼иɻʵŻɣĸɲ֪ʥ˶Ըǣ˭֪ɱ٣ҶֻΪСˣ
ȻѾٵǻۺڵͬһλã뵽ģ벻ôΪʲôÿγսҶһǰپǲɱ޿ֵһ˶Ϊǲɱ٣ΣͻȻıַɱ٣ҲỳģǿԹ÷޻ɣǿЦĽڣͱˣֻɣ
ɱɣǲɱٵĻ񽻸ңȥɱ٣ɺãĳʲô£ҵưɣһȫе
ô˵Ĳô
ʥͰ˳ҧгݣѰ˳һܺô
˳ƽһ飬΢ŭģΪɱһܳеôĿǰɱѾɴҪƸ۵ļƻҪ½ϴƣʱٶɽһͳ½Ҫһոµ㣡һǧѷĺûᣡ֮󣬾ûκвǣô
ʥһ˳ȥĲĳϡ

ҹַǧ񹦻ûòǱħɭ֡
ַ֮֮ǰǸϿŮ派ѪĻ޹ͨ
ǹͨ˰죬Щ޶Ǵͷԣַ˼
ϴΣ壬ССѩڣַ簵дǬ˹ͨġ
ڣַûа취Щ޹ͨЩֻ֪ǰ˲ǵˣһǵˣһѣһǵˣһѣЩǷֲġ
̾ϢɣҸ塭

㲻ȻҪǣҿܵľħ
鸽֮󣬽Ů派Ѫ߷£ѱ޵֪ʶЩ޹ͨ
ò˵ķ˺ܶãΪѱ񽳣ܹѱ޵Ĵڣ鵱ھħѱ֮ܶеޡ
ഫŮﴴ֮ʱʧƷ޲޷Χ޷ΧΪǵ̫̫ܻͣΣԼЧҲѹƲסûеûȥѱޡ
ַܵ齫ѱѶϢŮ派Ѫ֮ɢħɭ֮еĻ޽йͨ
ʼʱЩûʲôӦʱƣһЩ޽˽˼
˼ǳ򵥣дŻƽս׵Ǿɱݺݵɱɱһɶһûдƽս׵࣬һ˶ҪɱʱʱָӺ͵
ַ̾һ˲ţЩ޵̣˺ѷǳԷֱ棬ǽ˼ǳ򵥣ҲĶˡ
ʥ˶һףɵҲսףûһǽɫģɫʥıǣȻûȥǴͬɫĿסĶЩȥֱˣȻǳ򵥡
ʱںеĻ޹ͨϣ

֮󣬴ħɭ֡
ǧɣʮǰ棬Ȼʥʮֻڽ
ʥİţǰɵ˺ͻ޿սȥ
ʥû˸ҷԣҲﷴʥǧɶħ½صɵǲ֮ܶжûϵҲûʲô飬ֻͬʱʥĴѹѡ
ԣʥЩɾۼͲڶʱھҲʥʮĶ֣
ϾЩ˶ǧɵˣе뷴ʥֵԸʥǿȨ֮¹ӲдסԣĲͣ޷ʥͳһľӿ⣡
ǰҲʥȦףʥͿԹĽЩɵɱҪ޻壬ҲҪκΣ
ʥͨ£ȷѵģɱ˳Ӧ
֮ʥļƻǳǧɵ˷ѺͲѶ·һ
ַ֪ʥļƻֻΪʥ뽫ǧɵɢ
ַΪԸǧ֮һ취ԸԼ
ַЩɣ޷ȺЩɴùϵԼʥ֮λܺܿסƣЩɵΪãҵĶԸң
Ȼһܣַͬʱ룬ʥĴȫûҾͳ׿ˣʥ֮󣬴½ɿ϶׷ɱʥĲӶװʥشݻ١
ַҪľﱣסЩǧɣʱȫûַΪʥЩ˳Լ
һЩǷԼĶ飻ڶЩ˲˼ɶ飬ַҲܿеĻѹƣǲӾһ֣
ǵļƻַҲԼļƻ
һ·ǰУûʲôΣգܿ죬޹ȡ֮
ϴΣʥڻ޹֮ȫûΣʥȻóȻȥ
޹ֻһڣҲֻһڡպϿܱ˷סҲ岻ȥ
ͣϿ֮
ʥλǻ޹ȵڣϴʥʥ֧ԮںڣʥһԣǽἯǴһٹħɭ֣
λȫħɭ֣ħɭΪƽأ
ʱʥˣѵνħɭ֣ʥ˲ȫȥô
ʥʥʮɽ֮ӵеĻ޵̶಻ʤħɭ֮ڵĵʥȾָħɭ֣Ѿ˺ö궼ƣ֮ԵǲǰǸһᣬħɭֱ֮󣬶Ϊǵĵ̣ԣжֻʥͷҵħɭ֣ôһ鵰⣬ڴ˱֤ʥԲʹ
갡ַǶʥͶأñȥ˵ô󣬻˵Ǹ˻᣿˵ǸҺô
ܲαһ㣿
ʥˣϴνħɭ֮£ںڵĲ˳ЩɶǴħ½ص֮ǰҲûʲô飬ǽȥֻһɢɳûʥ쵼Ǹ޷ͻ޹֮ڵʮĻ޿⣡
ʥ򵥣쵼Ⱥۣ
ʥһ仰Ͱ򽭵ĻˣǰɣҪͳָǰɣҾ
Ȩǵλ
ɫǳѿ˿̣ǶףʥȥҪȫ
ѾĺƺƵʮˣȴȥ
ⲻŷǧɽȥĳڶʱӳˣһɱһ
ʥЦûʲôûĻҶɡ
ʥĻ䣬û˶
ôҪΥʥôҲཫЩɼһᣬǵ׳ûᣡҵǲǣͲһ𣡱࣬ھȻΥҵ
ǧ̲סˣʥ˲˵ϴʥ֧Ԯǵʲô飬ֻԼΣʥǲǴҶ֪Ҫɱ㣡Ҫʵ˵ΪǺã
ǧ仰ںʥˡ
ʥŭҪ췴ô
ʥ͵췴ʥͿԹǣ
ַᣬʥĳʥǱǧ췴
Ǵ֮ʥ᲻Ҷɱ
򽭼æʥ췴ǿɲңֻΧ壬ʥͷȴɱУԷڣδҲ̫˵ȥ˰ɣ
ʥϴٻ֮󣬶Ի޹֮ڵҲǣжʮԿԽĻ޻ûʥͷЩܼһôԸ£ҲǴӦģħɭȫ뽻ȥĵҲǽȥռ죡ʥȫһ⣬ǲҪҵ˼ħɭ֮ĵ̸Σأʱʥ˾Իս
ַƣҸ쳣ʮܽĻȫô
ַʱʥˣڵʥĻԷڣҲʥ⣡˫֮Ĺϵ񻯣ʵΪףҪҾʹʥҽȥ޹ȣҵݣңӦûʲôɣ
ʱ˵ݣҪһȥȻû
ǧҲ¶û
û

ǰɵʾû
䱻ʥ˱źǷѡ١ټȻǰӦλɵϴҪסǣٸ˵޹ȣٸҹգ϶̡
ʥЦ٣ӵȻУҲ飬ݡȥʲôµĻôҵ˽϶Уԣε㲻ܲ룡
ʥһ仰ַ
仰Ѿȫ˸ɵŭ
ַףΪϴε£ѾԼɷѣʲô
ѵʥҪʹ½ɷô
ʥǽԼƽ·ô
ϴ󿴵ʥ˾ףʥβǽǵɢǽڴ˼
ǧŭʥ̫ȫɱôΪ治ҷôħ½ߣʱʥʵǿֻ·һ
ʥЦʲôֻǽȥ̣ǾȻΪɱˣȻҪ췴ʥţս
ʥǳĳ˿ʥʥ֮£׷ս׼춯սͻһ
˶ףΪʲôʥҪֺõ£ΪʲôҪԼĺ·
ѵһ᱿ĽԼô
϶ᣬʥı˶²ʲôı
ַҲ²Ҳ²
˿̣ʥѾ˵ŭǧ֮кܶ˶Ѿս׼עһʥף
ַֹʥˣλ԰꣬ȫһᡣ
Ȼ֪ʥıַ϶ʥıóѣҲɳʲô£
ַʥ˵ȷһ⣬ôǰħɭΪԼɶȡ̣ҶΪ޹쳣ȥֻʥʹ½Ĺߣô˵ģʥԼƽ·ʥһôģԣҵ˼ǣʥ޹ȣ


428 ͳС
ַĻ䣬ɫһʲôѵٺʥһģƭҽȥ
ַ˵˵Ҳûʲô⣬ʹһȥģʥֲòӣұ˲ܽȥǡҵֵܺѶҽȥߵЩ飬ҵ֮ÿһ˶ܴңǵҵʲô£ʲôݺһɱȫң壡ԣҾߵһЩҽȥûʲô
ַߵ֮ʱܶɵҲ֪Ҳַļֵĳĸֵܼ֮ʱ˻Ź˺ܾãǳ󣬵ȻЩϴ󶼾ˡ
ֵַĳж˺ܶˣЩַ˵ĻߵֵܡѺͻ֮
ңҶ֪ٵʦĸףȻܶ˶ΪٵĸѵٻԼʦĸȥô϶ᣡ
˵Ļ֮ʱߵ˶ûʲôǿ϶ٵİźаա
ϵּһЩɵϴжٵĻǳΡ
ǧһãȻô˵Ǿ͸һӣڵ˽ȥ
ڵҲӣҲȥ
ǽ

һʱ䣬ǰɵϴ󶼷׷ױ̬ȣȻһٲ˻ǲôַ磬ڴ˶ѡȥǲòЩһȥ
ʥɫǳѿֹٽȥٵֲʥˣûȨȥ˼ҵɣǧɵϴ󼸺˵ǸӣôԼأ
ЩʥϺݺݵĳһơ
ʥ㣬ȻǴӦȥҲãʥͲţٲȥܿĻޣ
ǽȥû£ҲֻҪסڣһɱһǾͻʡȥܶ
޹ڷǳСǧ֦Ҷ˷ֻ֣֮һ׷ԲĿռ䣬ֻҪס߽ѹأ˶ǿͣʮܴӰ׷Բĵطͬʱô
νһ򵱹Ī
ķ˵Ϊ޷ƿģ
ܿƻޣǽЩ޴ĻҲ岻
ԣʥжϣֻҪǽȥûһ
ַҶǴħ½ǰǿߣ϶ҪһͳָңƼһѸСλʲôͣҶϸ˵ˣ֮ҴŴɱ޹ȣĴ֮£һܽ޹ռ죡ûʲô
ܻųѾܲˣռ죿
ɶûʲô˿ֻ̣ѡַ硣
С߸ߵƯڿУһѩɢһϵİ
ΪħĵھŷСɢϢ𾪲ѡ
ߵϢʥϵϢҪŨ౶ѣ
ʥͫһ⵽ʲôˣ
СĿƽĵȻѡǵͳ죬ֻһ棺ҵš
Сֻ˵ôһ仰˶ԸСԵķûʲôԡ
ʵСǳˬַԼԼȥͳЩϣСĲȥʱ̣Сֲַܾܾ硣
ûڸС˾ϣʥҲ˵
ħھŷʲô
ȻСʵݺľľ˾ռˣܱСˣûм
ʥããȻûʲôͳɣ
Сʮ޹֮󣬸Сôͣһ˶
ǵװȫװǵĿռ䴢
ڸСⷨ˶⡣
жװ޳ˣǳֿȭͻ޲ôȥô
򽭵ߴˣ쵼ǣûʲôǷǳˣǸߴ㣬˵ͨɣ
СҲҪͣҲȥͣûпʮ˶ûҲûдװôǳǰ棬ѵȥôҵĻȥ֤Ŀħɭ֣ǲҵĻǼͻȫû
ַ߸СֻṥŽӲӵװˣҲʥˣǸСǳСģԻ޵ַָ̣⣬˵ĶṥԲж·װ
ҶɸСĻҲûзԣװװռ䴢ȡҲһӵʱ䣬ҲûʲôӰ졣
˶СĻжװ
ǸСʮһЩ˴·ζ
СκĶȫҲ뿴κ޵Ķ㣬㣬ǣǼˣʲôĶ˻Ůˣж㣬˵أһ·ǱʯǱôһǿô㣬ϵĻжţô
СǳĲܶ˶зŭǴҴӸСĻѾף޲ϲĶ
ʲôǴҶûɣװˣ޹ؽҪġ
ǣС쵼Щǰ߷УʮѹѾǧ֮·ûпһޡ
ԽǰУԽûһĻ޵ϢɢܾĵģҲûκεĶ
˺ܶԽԽ£Ҷ룬ǲǻֻĶͻṥûûװԣ޾Ͳˣ
Ȼ޶ѡأħɭҲǳЩǳ㣬Ҳֲˣ˵ļ룬˶ʼо˻޵ϢǸ߽׻޵Ϣ
ж߾衣
СףħɭȻǳ󣬵޷ǳ࣬ȫǲܵģһһ㶼ȺӶԺöһֱǲܵģ
Сʱ˺ͣ
ǰһи߽׻޳֣Ҽסл޳ǧҪ֣Ҫźͻ޹ͨͻΪѣһֻҪǺͻܹͬƬħɭ֣ǻۣ϶ܿὫռΪУ
ǧĵߴˣ֪һϢͻ࣬ǰĶҲ֤˻ûйǣǺͻѣķ˼ʵʵ˵е㲻ţҾòܡ
С˵ĻͺãҪ˵ô࣡ұ֤ܿħɭ־ͺã
С̬һֱǳĮͰȫκӣ˶ˬЩҲֻСġ
ʱߴˣ˵ǣҾѾôãѾǻ޹ûһΣգǲﰲկӪİȫشʮ£߸õʱ䣬Ȼ˹۲ʥĶһ㡣
СҸǣ޹֮ûһطǰȫģǰȫģһأǰȫôֻʱȫѣһ·ϣҲֺܶ޵ķ㣬л޲ϢڴطǸ߽׻޵ĵ̣ҪİȫǺͻ޹еĻ޶ùϵֻǲİȫһֱ룬ҵޣͻ޽Ϊûе񾳽֮ǰްɣͻ޵ĽͺһҪģ֫ԺȥǧҪͶ֣޶ͱǳУһһ˶䣬пܵȫûǳʱ˵ȥͺã
һߣΪߵʱ򣬶ϲЩսΪߣѾûúͼֵǶԭеѰҸ߽׵ޣΪ񾳽֮ҪսҪȥѰޣ
һ޺ң߽޷ǳϡУǿԣһû޵ġ
Щ˶񾳽磬񾳽֮ǰ˶ޣȻк޹ͨľ顣
С˵꣬ͷ޹ȥȫЩ˵Ļᡣ
ʮҲֻܽĸС˺档
ʱ֮󣬶ͣΪǰ֮һ˵ޡ
޵ס˵ȥ·
Ҳһ߽׻ޣ̫Сˣֻʮ׸ߣոճãֳǺ߽׻սˡ
ǰֻһֻޣ˵ޣֻҪһǰȥֻܽնɱڸС֮£û˸Ҷ
޿࣬Ŀ֮ȫǵ⣡
ߣˣͶˣ˼£˵ϡ
Сôͣһ˹ǰ˻ޡ
޿С֮еȫɢһֵɱ˫צһơ
Сǰʮ׵ĵطͻȻȫһ½ֻ޿ơ
ֻһ˻СΡ
ޣ˶ˡ
ţСȡһƿȪˮӻ޵Ĵȥ
뷴ǸоȪˮǰǳں⡣
Ȫˮ֮󣬻޵Կüٶڻָš
СҲȥԼ󵭵΢ЦŻޣ֮˫ĸֻ޵Դ
ֻ޸мĿ˸Сһۣþ޴ͷ­ڸСϲ˲䣬ǳܸСĸ
֮޵˺֮Ŀ֮һϲľ޺һ
ֻôһ𣬼ʮԶصĻ޶׷߿£
ʮͻȻ߷Χ֮һ˫˫۾ɭȻѪĹâ
ޣʮϡ
Ļޣʮֻ
찡
ˣ
Ҫţ˵
ڳÿĶֲѣĪ˵ʮʮҲȫû
С״ҰסҪɢ⣬Ҫ޵۾Ҫ¶κηĶԭزһŭ˻ޣǽȫû
ͻŽҪ񣬵ڻ޶ɢʱ۾ĻΪǶƣͻ
ֻе޵ƽõĽʽ
ԭزűɱô
˻ӸСΪѡսҲ·һ
˿ʮ޽ǰΧûһǰǡ
ʱһľ޴޷ɵСȵĻԱߣԼĺһ˷ܵ˻С
ֻĻҲЩˣǺ޽ս¡
ȻûߣȻǿʳȫƾԼʵ棬һ޶ǳŽᣬ֮սȺսΪһЩԣĵ̡
޵ʧƷȻķܣѪѾȡ¾㲻ʳҲû£ڻǵĵֻࡣ
ǰĻ޿϶ǺһֻĻսˣĺҲ϶Ǳͬˣ֮
֮ս̣ԲὫԷɱȻ̵£Ѫ֮΢ĸӦףͬ࣬һѪ
ڻޣ֮໥ɱ޳ܣ


429 թ
Լĸǰֹ˻еһƺں͸׽һ㣬ܿ죬Ļ޿ŸСĿǳͣŵ⡣
СҲ΢ЦţֿĿӭ˻޵˫Ŀ
޲ûκε⣬̧޴ͷ­Сĵ˵ͷ
ĻޣҪ޵̸࣬֫ԣһЩ
СóһƿȪˮȻָָȪˮҿƿǣһɢڿռ䡣
ĻᵽȪˮ֮еʱ۷Ź⡣
СķɵǰȪˮ޵˹ȥ
Ļ˼צȪˮһѽƿ飬Ȫˮ˾޿֮С
Ȫˮ޵ƺָܿ˹С˻˼ʾл⡣
Сó˼ƿȪˮָָޡ
ĻףԼĺӡ
Ļ޺Ľ޴ͷ­ڸСϲ˲䣬ʾл⡣
֮󣬰Ļ޶ܰΧ˵Ļһ˻Щ޷׷ɢ
Щǰ֮ûй࣬ȫΪǰַŮ派Ѫǹͨˣǳ࣬ûпӲӵĶûж֣ԶԶĹ
ǶֵĻǻԥĳȥ
޶ǵĵУַǰŮ派ѪйͨЩȫûˡ
ڣЩ޿ЩǻʾãҰޣЩĵֻ࣬Ļһŭ˼ǲҪ˺Щ࣬ǲŷ׷ɢȥ
֮󣬰Ļ޶ŸС˻һ󣬸СȻ˼ѾףֻѾԼѡ
ڸСƵ΢Ц֮Уֻʧ֮С
С³һ
ţСһֱֵĵݣʱЩ¡ǰĻ޲Լĺ⣬һ˲Ϳһƾ͸С
ԲбУǧһֱɱޣ޶֮ǣÿһʱ֪ǵУѪĴУ
ţһһСģԻ¶˵⣬ô˽ٲ
ҺЩ˶ľͿǳߣԴҶԭز
ʮʱҲһСѾ޽ãԸСѣͬʱҲŸС֮ǰ˵Ļģл޽ѣ֮ͻһǻۿĵ̲ʲô¡
ɱ޵ģͻѵĻﻹʲôã
Ϊ֮ƣΪ˶ܺʥսҲֻôһ취
СŴҼǰУޣСóȪˮЩ޽Щ޵ĺøУӶЩ޳Ϊѡ
Ҳ׷óһЩصĵҩСĺ޽ʼ˳ɹԺҲ󵨵óҩͻ޽
ҷ׷׺ͻ޽ɹԺ󣬶룬ԭһ㶼£
֮Щ˺ôĻ޻ȥ֮󣬽ЩϢޣЩ޶Щô
ȻԻ޵̲뵽ɱڣ˵Ķ
ǵ뷨ǳ򵥺͵Щǻ޺ãȻǺãô򵥣
Ҳף֮ǰǸŮ派Ѫǽ˵ҪɱûнӲӹâ࣬ԭЩǴǺôģ
Щ˶񣬴˵ڼǧϣЩ˵꣬ôĻϸִĵҩͱӦоУ
ԣٶĻޣǶõóҩʯȱ
ǣСŴһֱ޹ȡ

޹棬ʥסڣţò˶ãͻӳ
ʥͰ˳ڰԲߣĳϣ˶ʲôˣÿζûʲôȡֻὫ
ϰˣΰʲô
˳ϵЩҲ֪Ǵðģм˻ûе񾳽磬Ҳһ񣬺ԣЩ˺ٵĹϵǳãٿ˵ģ֮Щ˽ȥԣЩɵ˲ԸŽȥѵǰµĺڣܽЩɵȫס룬޺У޷ѱ޷ܱסһţסʮôȻܣǡ
˳ͣһ£ֵҿӣָоܣʲô취סʮ
о
ʥһ㶣Щʧ̬ΪʥҲָо
Դٳκ¶ûʧΪңҵȴû˿취ıסЩˣ˵˵Щ˿˻޹ȣôʥļƻգЩ˶ȫĹ˳٣ôʥҲûа취Ըٺˡ
ٿЩ֮󣬵֮ʥ֮λôû˻ᷴ٣
ʥٱסЩôǳһɱһҾͲôãѵܸѲɣƻ޹ǲܵģǵһٶǰΰн޹ȶȫûʱĿƻޣڻ޹ȶôҾͲǲˣ

ʱԹ޹ȳ֮ûκζ
˵ô˽ȥ淢սĻ֮˶ܸӦͲ׽һЩ΢ϢôˣûдκսϢ
ʥɳ˼̽ӽȥ̽̽Щ˶Ը⣬ֲΥʥֻӲͷƤȥ
սȥãͱɱ
Ȼʶ̽ⲻǻ޺սĶǳ󣬻Ǿʥˡ
Ҷ֪ˡ
Ϊʲôʮȥ֮ʯһ㣬ûκζʥ˸սȥأ
ԣޱ˿ƣ
ܿһʱѾȥ滹ûж
ʥʮկӪʥ׼˰ʱ䡣
ʱѹ滹ûж
ʮȥˣ滹ûһ˳
ʥޱƣѵǶˣȫûˣ
ʥÿ춼ַԺȣһ㶼ĵӣ϶Ϊ˾ûг£
£ʥЩżˣĶ棬Щ˶һ궼û£
ǣʥ㳲ʥΪħ½İÿ춼зǳȥʱԣʱ϶У
ʱѾȥ޹֮ûκζ
ǰٶˣȥ֮Ѷȫޣ˶֪Щ档
֮ʥٲ˳ֻȴ
죬ڳһЩˣǸСˣڵ򽭺ǧ˶ûг
Щˣɫÿɢÿ˶˲ˡ
ʥСԸСǳΪСϵϢԼҪǿ࣬ˣƺһߣ
ʸ£ôˣ
ʥȻҪָӹ١
СĵȻ˲أǾǵŬѾȫ޹ȣ֪ʥкξأ
С˼ףǰĻˣҪĻͽȥһȥĻͿԹˡ
ʥɫǳѿȴЦû뵽ֻµʱ»޹ȣһϲ£ˣڸ˲أж
СʮѾʣ࣬ˣǲȫûʥأ޷ѵΡ
һߵַ翴ŸСв⣬ǰɣôˣԸСֶλ᷸Ĵ
ʥ۾һʣˣ
ʮĿ»޹ôʥԸСĻصĻɡ
ǧʱζ˸ߴ˴ǣиߴߵļλǿߣһλöְæǲŲʤҪȻȫû
ʱţǰһ壬¶չʥݺݵĵʥ˵ҪԸֵܣߺߣҸ㣬һëʥչ䴩㣡
չ
ʥߵ˿˽չһȻǾ̰֮ɫ
ʱó˿츫ŴͣҲǶݺݵĵʥ㣬ǶΣǶֵܲұ֤ɱ䣬ÿ츫ɱƬײ
̹Ÿ
ʥһֲЩ˻ܿƻ޹ȣԭд˵֮еϹ֣
ʱҲǰһĵʥǸǲ˾³
µĻ䣬֮һεĶأһ̣Զλսʿ˵ϣ
ʥ󾪣ʶ֮̽£֮
û㣬ˣֻƬ̵ʱ䣬ԣʥСĵ㣡
ǳв¶ԱߵĽ˽ҩ⵹µ˷£һᣬ˹ǲûҺµ鷳ǿźµһľ֡
ڣЩ˶¶Լʵʥ˸СĻΪɵǲʤսٵѡ
ʥЦÿ˶ˣóͶôǲŲóˣǶ֪öˣֻҪǣǶ
ʥѾ˾ӱɱȥȫɱ⼸ˣٵĵ𣬶ҸǿڳˣһҪɱǣԾ󻼣٣űðɣ
ʱɱˣɢϢ½ߣȥ֮ʥ֮λø٣Ȼ½ɹʥʥҵûһϵ
½֮Ҷɽ𣬶ذ֮λ
ʥ룬ȷûд֪Ѿ˸С壡
ʥıֻҼ߲֪֪Сߣ
Сʹ֮ԤʥıǼ˳֮󣬾һϷʥ˽ȥʥһ򾡣
СЩ˵ȷˣƶǳأģЩʥģﶼ׼Ȫˮʱһ£ͻָ
򽭺ǧȻǳϸСϷġ
ʥѾˣʲô֪
ʱʥˣȻѾ˻޹ȣô޹ȶǸɵĵ̣ʥ˿˵ġ
ʥɫĵȻһȻ˵޹ȣʥǲȾָģν޹ȣʧ޴ҲһΣС˻޹֮ڵ޹Ǵȡĵ̣ʥԲᶯڼȻ˻޹ȣôһǽȣڴôˣʥʥҩΪƣҴʱ⵽Ϯʥ֧Ԯͱҿ̲ݻڽȣʥ
ʥȻȣ˵Ư򽭺ǧġ
ʥĻ䣬򽭺ǧͬʱɫһ䡣
ǧʥ˵ˣߴ˰ǵ֮ˣǸطǳȫ˸ᷢ֡ڴҵƣȻأǶÿ϶鵤ҩҪʮ¾ͻָԣǻдڽȵ£ʣµѾﲻʲôæˣʥǲǰ֧Ԯ
ǧⷬӵ֤ʵ˸ɵ˲ء
ʥЦǲǽȥƫƫҪȥ


430 Ҹ
ʥڴѾħɭ֣ʧأȷʥΣʥʹһȥĻʧҲ˲ءôȴҶòˣͽʥȥưɣдȡ
ʥһ£򽭺ǧ˵ʲôȥȻװʥġ
һߵİ˳ɫܲÿæʥˣ֮а飬սսԽȣǲ֮ܲҪӳ顣
˳ϵ˼ףп϶⣬ԸҪӳ顣
ʥڸ˻޹ȣ˲أʥˣһҪʤ׷£ЩôǵĶ֣
ʥ˼˵˲أڳһٽǼǵҲʧ٣
˳ȰʥʥѾ˳Ҳʥľϲûдĸоʲô⡣
С˵ĻǼٵģ˳Ϻʥʼʱлɣ˵ĻʹҵжϳС˶û˵ѡ
ֻҪж˲أ޹ȶѾ£ûʲôΣգô˿̾ɱЩõĻᣡҽٵļһٲ
ʥȲ
ʥ޹ȣ˵ǽȣʵɱˣʥ򽭵˵ǿ˵ĸɵˡ
ַҲŴһȥ
СĿַһַۣСһлЦ⡣
һ·ǳƽڴҷ˼֮󣬴ҸоһЩ޵ϢЩϢܿʧ
Ȼַ簵ŮѪѹȥ
ַ֪ͨЩޣЩ޿ӲӵĶͽǴ˿̻ʱ䣬ַҪʥ߽׻޵İΧȦ֮һٽҵ˼
һʱ֮һ·ϻûʲô
ҵ˿ʼɡ
һ·û˶˵ûκսĺۼǰɳʬҲûпûκսĺۼҲ˵սɨˣ
ʥʸС£ȻѾ޹ȣΪôãûзκսۼô£
СĵʥʵѾ̫˰ɣѾɵ޹ȵˣʮĻޣаϵĸ߽׻ޡ
С˵꣬ʥͻȻǰһСȫʧ
ַѾԶȥ
ͻȻռһŭ𣬴ؾҵ𶯣˷Ļޣ
޴󣬵ǻ޹ȣЩҪصĻǳ򵥣ֻҪЩչ֦Ҷްͺãκ˶֣ᷢ
һðޣʮĻޣԶĻ޻ڼٵ߳
ҵ˴󾪣˲ףˣ
Ѿˡ
սһҵǿԶ糱ˮһĻޣܶһսûˣ
ӣ
ĴɢӵĻޣ
٣Ҫɱ㣡ʥŭţַѾˣܵӰ١
ʥʱӶˣΪû˳ϵĻ
ǵʱС˵Ļ׷֤˻޹Ѿ£Ȼʥʼʱţǿַ¶˴˵֮еĸϢ֮öɱǿߣÿ˶ˣʥЩͶ˻޹ȣ
ʥҪߵˣһ򾡣ȻʥȡЩ˵
ʥ֪ЩӵжеǴ˵еϹ˭֪жЩӵɱԺ󽫻ʥĵˣǺͻһսˣʱɱǵûᣡ
һʱ֮䣬ʥǰĴʽԷǳʥץסץʱЩˡΪָǳ죬ߵЩӵ˻ָȫ롣
ʥҲǾ˼֮µľڻ޹ȵжٸ߽׻ޣʥʵҲ֪ʥΪлѾˡ֪ĻʥҲô¾
ʥַߵķ׷ȥǺܿĻ޵ס޵Χ֮£ʥڽڰˣܿ죬˷Ļһӵϣʥӿ£Ҳûз
ԷӵĻޣʥֻѡƴ
ƴĽֻ·һ
СѾл޶ѾõĹϵȪˮΪ½Ŵҩ֮һЩ߽׻޶ܲȪˮջ󣬷׷ڸС
ԣΧʮ޶Ǹ߽׻޺Ͷޣ
һ浹ɱ
עҪ

ַ˺͸ɵ˻͡
ַ߸ߵƯڿУߴһϢʥѾڻ޵İΧ֮¸ʥ㳲ʥܲѾûмˣϢŴжǳˣʥڱˡ
Ϣȷ˷ܣʥôл½
ַ֪ʲôʥҺģңҲҵİ֮£дҵ֮¸ұôһʥʥҵģûʲô
ֳһƬžҶû˵
Ǵ˿̣ܶɵϴ󶼲ַ磬ңôܸЩ˿ôұֻһС
˶ַĻû˵һڣ˶Ǵˣٷǳ򵥣ټȻ˵Ļ϶һİա
ʱһɵ٣ұҵҲֻһСѣħ½Ҿ֮λ߾̫֮ˣҵ쵼ȺۣԣҾô½֮λԺɴ½󶥼֮
ַ絭Цţλ˵ûÿռĹΪȷǽð취Ǻǡ
ַĻ䣬Զ֮֮ʮĻޣʮĻŭĳ˹ܶ˶һ
ʮվַַԴҵɵÿ
Ҷַ˼׷ɢ
ܿ죬յĳֻ֮ʣˣǶײַǸɵ
һˣҪʲô
ʲôַЦǰ˵ᱣסˣǶ˵ҪңҲűסǵʥ˱ˣ𱨣Ӳţھ˵ûʸʥң˵½֮λ߾֮Ҫ⣬ôǾ⣡
λ˵ַʮֻĻɱˡ
ʮĻ޳˶ˣЩ޵սǳǿЩ޷⣬ʮӵʱ䣬˱˺Ƭ
ʣµ˿һĻľźܶɵϴ˵һ£ҺԼûгͷҪȻ˾Լɣ
ͬʱҶõһϢԭٿԿƻޣ
˱룬ѾĻ޽ѣٺһȥ֮;½֮λ
ڣ˶ַ緽Ϊθ޿֣ԭһжٵ֮У
ַЦһûзԣ
ʱЦʥ֮λ飬û˵İţοȫûұסЩˣǵɣȫ֧ˣ˷ˣǺΪУ
ǧҲˣǰѾ˱̬Ըˣʥ֮λĪ
ǧԪԸˣ
ԴԸˣ

ھԵ֮£Щֻܳ
ַãǵڶ˵ЧңҾٸλһλᣬԺ˷ңǰǸɾǵ³ǲҪʲô⣬ųȥ֮ٶԸңǺǡھͽȫңǸԺΪЧûʲô
˶϶˶ǲ˵ȷҶţȳ˻޹ȣụ̂ҶȺ֮
ãûͺã
£ɵϴһҩ
µǧźɫĵҩ
ҩһ֣һŨɢڿС
ַⵤҩǶġ޹ǵҩ񽳼Ʒ֮󣬻ȫǵ壡ȻЧң͵͸ҡ
񽳼Ʒҩô
ɵϴ۷Ź⣬ҷ׷׶˵ҩʶ̽оⵤҩԣ׷׾û⣬ȷʥҩ
ʵЩҩֻһĵҩЩȪˮѡ
û˳ԣ˭֪ûʲô⣿
ַЦû˳ǰɣҺǰɣҸǣⵤҩģ汻һЩ֮
ϴɫǳѿ֮ҩɽ֮Ȼֻ֪ķΧҩɽѡ
ֵַҲ£֮ԼߣأػǱ겻֮ᷢٳһžͺˣ֮ÿ궼ҪһšȻǶûз֮֮Ȼǽⶾ˭ңǺǣĺֻ·һ㣬ﶼǷǳġ
ַҪҩЩˣΪַʵҵǲܿסЩ˵ģֻҪ˻޹ȣЩ˰ٷְٻַᷴ磡
ַǻǹԹԵĳ˵ĺãҪȻʮλĻ޻Ҹλеģ޹֮ڵĻ޶Ҵҡ̸ġġ
ϴɫ
ַǱǳԣǲֻ·һ
ַв֮£Щ˵ҩ
ַ翴ЩıޱȱǸŭԡ
ַǲˣʲôҪǵҩĳطǣЩҩڼܣһھͻգҲҪˣʲô۷ԣ˵ûõģҷһɣ
ֶַηǳûа취ЩˣЩ˾ͻᷴɱ㣡
籾ǶթɶֻΪԼ룡
Ѿʥѹ꣬˰֮λ˭ܱ֤Ҳѹǣ
Թҩˣʱһɴ˵֮ڣ֮ӵ֫ٺתȥ
ÿ˶һ׷׸оڿٵĸǵ塣
ʲôҩ찡ʽˡ
ҸоҵĹ찡
ҲǣҾҵľǰӵǿˡ
תѾǧˣھȻͻƵϣ
ѣǶ֪ٴ͸ǵҩҩ
л˴ҩ
λ׷ַл
Σλĸлַ硣
Щǻ˼ǧϹʺΪֹڵľ磬Ҫһȵ컹ѣַǵҩȫĸǵʣǵΪ;綼Ŀռ䣬ÿ˶ַм֡
ˣҲ˵ҩԺҶԼˣ
ַѾƻˣʵЩҩǳԺԺÿٳһŵҩʮ궾ԻɢȥȻַҪȥһռĻһҩ׼ãԼĸס


431 ҪҪ
һи㶨ַλ֪жҲʵҲΪǺã룬ɱңȥ֮ңʱħ½½ΪǵЩϰ֮λôҵȻ£ҲŴǣһȥ֮˻һô뵽ʱҶΪԵ룬սѶΪ˴˵ĵˣ
Щħô½֮һ滹֮ûжʱɶΪ˴½֮λħô½ֻңⳡңûмʮϰǲƽϢģڳһܱ֤ⳡս֮ʤԣȴҵһѣ
ڣҽЩۼΪôұⳡѣʥͳһħ½⼸Ӹ涼ѹΪʥǳɳ췴ʥѹƸκһΪ½ѡôһɣΪҶ֮λû뱻ѹƣֻʥЩͷ˶ѣ
ڣʥдϢȥĻ½ܿͻң㣬κ˶ı䲻˵ģڳȥʥ֮λҲᱻƷԣﲻܳȥԺǵĴӪҲȫĵطǵѣҲֻȫû
ԣֻҪȴȴ½ҿҪ֮ʱ˲أʱٳȥЩ߿ƣϴ½֮λʱ򣬴ҵʧ
ַĻ˶˼
ַ˵ģǳȥ֮ʹ½ԵĻֻи³ڹ˳ַһõѡ
ַڣЩˣʲôѼҾĻʲôŲµ˶ӵɣǳȥ֮˳ɢһʥϢ½Щɡ
ʮ֮Уֻ˳ȥԼļҾһЩںˡ
ʣµ˶ûгȥЩ񣬴˵ļҾ춼Ѿˣںɢˣ˵жֻɺ棡
ַ͸С˳ȥҵˡ
ַôԼһǰȥǸСȴҪҸȥΪСԤַĴپڷСҪʱ̸ַ磬ַ緢κ¡
ʥʥϢûдȥַң޹ڵķ¼˸˸׺ʮ塣
ұ»ڣǺܿ춼Ϊ֮·üַߴѾźһУ˶
ַ֮ҵļǰ޹ȡ
ʥصˣֻһ࣬ЩôӣԺֻеķݡ
½ң½ԻὫʥɱһɶ
ַ˳ãзߵסַ˵ȥ·
ǿߡ
𳽵٣㳲Ҿ춼ˣȥأ
ǵ٣ʥأҴأôֻһ˻
ַ룬ϼһ϶ǺƲ˵ģһϢܿͻᴫȥʱ֪ҲԼʸ˵Ҳûʲôˡ
ַλǰʥҵĴѾڻ޹ȫûֻһˣȻҲǱЩѾȳġ
ʲô٣˵ʥҵȫˣ
ûȫˡ
λǿߵɫһһƬҰס
ŭ٣ô£ʲô£
ַ޹֮ڰĻа֮࣬ǵĴ޹ȣ޴Χȫû
ֻǵ͵࣬ǻۣôܱްΧҰĻ޶ڻ޹ȵʥʮɶʮħɭ֣Կħɭ֣Ļ޶Ƿɢڻ޹ȵĸܾۼһͻƣôȫû
ַ統Ȼ˵ɵ˻š
ַҾһıǽ޹֮ǧ﷽Բ֮ڶûпһֻޣ룬޽ǰΧԲȫû
𳽵٣ҪˣǶ֪ʥ޹һΪµǶԸЩɣң׷ʲô£
ҵǿ߷ǳ£ַɲЩ˷
ַоĵλǿһ֮ƽʵѾŭ죬˵ʵַ粻ұ֤λǿ߲ᶯ֡
Լߵܵסҵǿߣһǳأֻôһˣַɲλ֡
ַЦλǰֻܸǵǣҴѾɱڹ̣λǰҪô
ŭ٣˵ǲǺйأ
йôûйϵôǱɱһʵû֤֮ǰλǰǲҪҲ²ĺáҶԸңĸףֵܣǲҲû֤ôģҲû֤ݣô
λǿ߱ĿѪˣڱħ½ͻһƬңǳأصȥô˽
ɱԶ٣˼ʥ㺦ˣ
Ǻǣҳϲʲôϵ²ϲĺôϲ֤ôó֤ݣҿû֤ݣôѵλҪҶôҺ֮ľǲֵģֻǿǰǲſԲ֣ұҺ˶ûв֣ѵҪôûʲô£ҪˣǼŸ·أ
Ǵŭ٣֪ʥҶӣΨһĶӣɱ㻹ô
ַЦɱôѵĸױҵ˺ҲôҪ־ҿô˽
ĿǰҺҵλǿ߶ûа취˽ˡ
ΪҵĻҵҵĻҵѾ군ˣǴ½ң
ļ˶˵һ˻޹ȣλѾƲסԼֻǿѹżߵ
ڣַĻ̼λǿߣ˶Ʋסˡ
ĿǰѾûа취ȥ潻ˣȥһܵط涪ｫҵȫݻ٣ʱһелҲս
ŭȵ죬죬硭е˽춼ɣ
𳽸λǿʹ˸ɫλͬʱ֡

䣡
ַ׼֮ʱҵλǿ߸ϵסλǿߵĹ
ĿĶ𳽣ŭʲô˼ѵڵĻôҺ֮κξǶֵܲģǹأھȻԺ󱲶֣֪߳ô
ǲǾʮŭѣǲǾɱٺҵ˱ʮЩôģҵﶼôģѵǵʱ뱨ôҲ޲ýҵɱ⣡ǲܣΪǺ֮£֮۷ʲô£ҪԼȥԣԼȥɱҵ֮ʱǲܣȰһ¶ҵɱҵˣǾһҪˣҪҪ
ɳŭҪ򣬾;ܷţǲҳʹʣµӰɣ֮취ɽ𣡡
ҵλǿ߶ǺɱҵˣȻλҵǿߴȫǷйеĳޣӱܣȥ֮ܵڵĳͷ
ڷľ棬һɵģȥڹ϶ҵȫе
ҵλǿߴ˺ܾã˾
ƴƴôʱ½ˣʣµҵϢǿߣԺɽܱסңҲôˡ
Ǹ٣ˣϷðʧˡ
˵꣬˷ҵĵ̣׼ҵ뿪
ַЦҪȫɱ꣡ˣңҪȫ
ĸ׵ĳ𣬺ҴĳҪȫᣡ
ַλǿߵλǰħ½ܿҪңλǰĻͬУȥһȫ֮ⳡѣ֮ɽ𣡡
Ŀַ磬磬ܼҵ˻Щˣ֮ʽʥ֮λԼλס棬֮ҾͻѸƣҺҪٴ̫ˣһ½սȫ汬ȫ½Ҫĵһ¾ǽҺҲеȫҪܹⳡѣ˱ǣҲ̫ˡ
ַҲ֮˳ʥ֮λһоͿƿأ鲢ô򵥣Ѿ֪ҵı֮ɶʥĳޣȵʥ֮λ֮ҲʥʱʱɾͻʥȫսҴݻ٣ʱһὫ󲿷תƣȵ½սͻҽٳ½
ЩҵıȫǸСַģַϸĽҵıλǿߡ
֮󣬶𾪲ѣû뵽ҾȻ˺ҳ״ݻ٣
ַԣνҼõİ취ҵĺ·ҲѾźˣѾ˶ʮΪãʱ򣬴½һϴƣǿ߷׷䣬ٶɽûܺǿ⡭
ַ罫޹ȵ¼򵥵ĸ߸λǿߣλһʱַͶء
ϸϸԴַƾһ֮һֱѹңֱҵ
λǿߺּҵͬУһȥɽ
Һ͸ɵڻ޹Ȱ£ַҲȥģ췭ظ޹ԼѾûжϵ
淢£û˳ȥСҲ
˶ٺԺַӪСѩˡѾȥôãҲ֪Сѩôˣ⼸ַŮ派ѪϵСѩֻܸܵСѩ΢ϢȴܻͨϢַѾ֪Сѩʲô£
ַţŴѹ壬չ֮еʱҴϵУȻǳһᾪۣǲĵ̣壡
ȻϺַ罻ãʵϣַҲȷۻ᲻ԸԼ
ߣǿƣʱʮɱʥַôóȻŴȥкܴȫû
ض壬˻ô
ַҲŽװǬܴȥԼӵǬ鲻ܱ¶һ¶Լһħݣһᱩ¶롣


432 㰮ŵô
ַҲŸСһȥӪСѩǣΣҲǳҵλǰæǵĹܺϿ⣬ԼСѩвܸǡ
ַ˺ܾãûʲôõİ취ҸС顣
Сúݡ
ַ粻⣬ݣ
ûû̹ĳϺͺһ壬ҪŮԴŮ̹Ĺϵǳã̹˵ݽ壬츫ϵ˸ỳɣΪǣʱ£취ŮҲʲô¡
ַͷСȷߣʲôܽ
ãô²˳٣ھͳ
СţԤĴԽԽǱһȥ
ַʵѵҵĴô
СҡͷҲ֪εĴѪ죬СΪϡ
ַҲΣ˴ǰд٣ѣַҲҪȥԣСѩ˿̲ݻ
ԼΪҵæôãСѩѾ£ȻûΣգͨŮ派ѪӦϢȴǳСѩĳʲô£ַ粻ԭԼġ
ӪСѩˣͳûȥַ粻λ˼ΪԼģǽ齻λ˼ңɡ
ǧﶨӣڼ䷢ìܺͳͻҲƽ֮£Щɵϴһ֮£ѹģ϶жôˣô˻һ𣬿ʼʱҺƽദʱ˸ìַܶᷢ粻˹ЩˣԻ£
ַСװǬ·ȡ
ַ֮СǰУʶֻɢǧ֮ڣʶɢΧ̫Ļַ¾ۡ
ַжϣԼڵٶȣ¾ͿԳȡ
ַ֮ȵﵽƮɢ顣
ƮɢĹһ㣬ǳãȫ幹һ㣬ȫɢŰںа
ַǧ񹦽ԼϢûϢЩ͵ȵ鲢ûйַ硣
ַ룬ܵԽԽ࣬Щߵȵ鿪ʼַ磬ַ˹
ߵս񾳽磬Щȥǲܵģַᱻߵ鷢֡
ɱһߵ飬ַ緢֮Ļգ
ַЩʽ飬飬Ҳʶô
Ҳֻ֪֪е֮޷ֻأͻΪʶƮɢڿռ֮У֮󻯳ĻսǳʱһЩ鶼ԼɢΪռĹǲʺģǴ˵صȴɢսǳǿһʶ˼ȫҲµûЩȪˮôȪˮҲ֪һʲôܡ
ܣ
ַȪˮڱصãΪˣǽȥô¡
ַɱ˼֮󣬷Ŀһ㣬ɱ׾٣Щ֮ٶȷǳ졣
ַ绹ѡмСǰУĻرЩ飬㲻ģַͳնɱ
ģַ룬߽ԽԽ࣡
飬ҿȥûа취ˣ㿴Զʮ߽飬һǶù
֮ǳ죬Ѿ쵽ͻƱԵʱɱȥɣҪ˻ȥɱЩ͵飬ȵͻ֮ɱ
취ȻЩ
ַɱ˻ȥһ·֮ϣַ翴ɱһʱڣַɱǧ飬ͻƵת
ͻַ֮ͷɱȥ
ͻ֮ǳǿ󣬱ַһζԸʮ߽Щͻ֮ɱʮǳ򵥣ʮҲɵɱʮ߽飬ַҪʹʱȥԸ
ַһ£ɱ߽飬Ȼַǲλķʽɱһط֮ٻһطЩ߽׵ơ
һ£ַͻƵת
ͻת֮֮ϵİɫƸӵҲͼҲԽԽϤȻжϲʲôǽţֻҪ֮ϵͼȫ͵ĻԼһжϳʲô
ַһ·ɱͬʱٸ߽鶼նɱֻһֵʶжҲǳһǳЩ黻Ļʮתϵľ磬˵ٸˣʮַҲס
ЩȫǿŸӦֱˣܸӦ֮ڵĵˣֻҪ룬ǸͲֵᷢˡ
죬ַڰ룬ǰٶ߽飬ַ취Ƚһʱһɴַַ練Ӧһʥַͷ¡
ַ뷴Ѿˣ˵Ϊ̫ˣַԿģ
˲ûɱַ磬ǽַȫѡ
ܿ죬һɫӰַǰ
Ƿۡ
ʲôˣʲôˡ
ַĵ֣ʲô˼
۵ĵûʲô˼ҿǳɱ飬ҹ۲ǳּ죬ǳΪ죬Ҷзǳɱ鲻ɱ֮Ȫǳ־ȻԽЩɱǳõǳ졭ûпĻǳӦõ
ַһ֪Ļ΢һжϣͻ֪Լʵݣ
ַħô½ѾԼһħݣҪõħô½Ϣѣһħ񴫳ߵ£Ҷ֪
ַûõȷǲʦ𽻸ҵҪǿĶˡҿɱЩ飬ΪҵЩ
Ǻǣôղŵóҿ֮ҿʶģǺǡ
ʶʶëߣ
۽⿪ַڷַ粻ܴԼƤߵġ
ַʶһһһѰɫ˷۵ǰ
ǰɫ·֮ǳ񣬵ֻѣ֮ϸͬ
ȻַǧѾ˶״ַ̬ڷų֮֮ʱѾǧ񹦽̬֮ıˡ
ۿһ֮ҿˣеѣҷѾ̽ҲûӡǣӦòǸˣǺǡ
ַЦ֪˵˭ǲ˵һħ
Ŷɫһ䣬ѵǳּһħ
ַֹҧгݣħô½ʱҺһܣ˵ҪҵߣʱҿѾһַǳߵľ磬ҲԿҺҼѸϵҾˡ
ߣһᱨҿһɱ
۵ðɣ֪ͨңҲ
Ȼܵõֵİæʱһħֻ·һ
۲ַĻַ˵ǼٲҪҪǣѾжϣǰ˲һħ
񴫳ߣҲûаħİ
۲ɫĵðˣǳּ¡
ַһû˵
ۼ֪ǳʲô£
ŵǵġ
ǺǣҪ˵ŵǵģŵǵסӦúŵǵסǱۣʲô£ܰʲôæ
ַ֣ʵʵҵҲڰй۲Ҽ죬Ӧÿҵɱ飬ЩΪУɱҵкܴѾһˡ
۵ͷַĻ
и㣬ŵ֮䵽׷ʲôˣԴ֮ŵһֱġҲ뿴ŵǲģȻҴӦŵǲɱ㣬㹼ŵǣһɱ㣡
ַ֣֪ŵǣҲ뿴ŵǲģҺŵ֮䷢˺ܶ˶޷ȥԵ£ֻܸǣҺŵħô½֮ʱУһν֮У˫˫ʧ䣬ŪˣǷ˸飬֮һ֮꣬ǻָ˼䣬ָ֮Ƕ޷ȥԶԷ
һ´סˣУ˫ʧ䣿֮飬ӣ
⻻κһ˶޷ԡ
͵˽ӣǷ۸оĵŵѾַ磡ǲ֪ȥԣ
۵ַ磬ң㰮ŵô
ַرܣ֣Һŵ֮£Լô֪ˣҲﲻʲôæ
Цǳ磬Ҹ㣬㰮ŵǣͺúõŵһ˺ŵһŹ㣡Ҳ뿴ŵǲģһߣݾŵǣȻǰǵˣǺûʲô˴˵жԵѹĻºܷܿ£
ַЩͷˣȷŵǣϣŵǿģ֣ϣŵҸ
ַȴŵЩ
ħ;Ů֮ħ粻ݣѵԼҪôַ粻룡
ŵһŮӣַԻŵǣַŵһ𣬵ʱֻ˺Է
ַ֣ҿ̹׵ĸ㣬ҺŵûнģŵһҺŵ֮вͬΣежԵߵĶǲͬ·ҺŵһֻẦŵǡҰŵѾҪˣҰŵǣҺҲһ𡭡֣չŵǵ£Ͱѷˡ
һ㶣ѵǳĴҵĴһ
ʵѵǳֺк۵жԵǳ֮еĵλҲأ
ַͷǵģЩ±òӦø߷ֶ֣ŵһƬ飬ɼҲˣǿ֮ˣھ͸߷ְɡʦЩڣʦҪԱ𣬵ʦΪȥ˵Ļ֪ЩӣЩʦͽˣҲǶҵһĥҵξԺˣҵ˾۾УʱŵѵɱʦôߣŵǻϵɱôԣҺŵûнġ
ûлַĻַɢޣûʲôĻŵһ޷õѡΪ۾Իַܶô
ŵһֱģַ˵ʵ飬жϣַԷ顣
ͻȻ۵зһַֺͬ˵ĸо
ַ֣֪ôȻŵǸΪ㻹ԺÿŵǺŵһ𣬿أֻѡȥӱܣҲȥԣȥŵŵΪѣҺŵǵĺӣûѡ񡭡
ַôһ˵۶ʱԼĴַҪöˡ
룬ǳŵǱ˴మȴһ֪Էȴֲ֪ȥԣʹԳܵġ
ַ˼£ˣǳ֣ҴӦ㣬һúչŵǵģǲ̸Щˡ


433 Ϊֵ
ǳԺ۵ĴУ룬һǳҪùϵԺΪʦϵá
ַ磬ǳֵΪʲô磿
ַתѣֿǲԶˡ
۵Ұй۲ǳʮ죬ǳɱ֮ʱ֮ͻƣͻ֮ʱûٳ֣ǳ죬ǳֵ̾ΪֹɱǳֵܰǳĻҴȥһطܷǳĸ߽飬ҿ԰æΪǳնɱ
ַ粻ͷ۳̫ĹϵڿⷽˣѾԼûκε⣬ڷҪԼַҲûȥܾ
⣬Ҿ͹ˣ
۴ַ
һ·֮ϣɱ飬ַ
ò˵۷ǳеĹ񽣺͹ɱǳ󣬾ͬʱϵĸ߽鶼ס۵һɱУ
˵룬ԽԽ࣬ҵȼҲԽԽߡ
ǰ飬ַ翪ʼЩġ
ǳ֣ǰܼҽһЩǧ֮ڡ
ַ粻÷۱ԼǴ˿ȴûа취ûз۱ĻַԻᱻ˺Ƭ
ǰɱַڷ۵ı֮ɱһЩ©֮㣬ɱ飬ǵ궼֮ա
ʱѾɱʮ飬ַת
۶ַͻҲǳ棬ûжʡ
룬ȻǳԽɱô֮ɱǳ£ֻҪ⣬ôͿ˳õȪ
ȪǷĿģۿûʱַ
ж飬۶֪ǰνӽȪƾŹɱȥһ·ٷУȵ黹ûӿͼæȡһȪˮȻߣ
ǣûߣӣӿҲֻ·һ
Ϊ鲻ǵĸǡȪ
ڲһˣɱ飬ַ綼ܽǵգ˵룬ȵ𽥵ڼ٣ɱǳ¡
ַŲ뵽˷۵ͼַҲ
ַСѩϵͨԼҲСèϵɷǳûΣա
ҪСѩŮ派ѪĻַڵŮ派ѪҪСè⿪Լɱַ磻һڵӡַģַеϵɱַ磬ϸı޷óѣ
ЩҲҹַ磬֮ǰȥʥΧܵҺҵλǿߵϢֻӡ
֪ʥɽħɭⷢ׼ͻϮǿַߵħھŷŵ֮زز
ϸ֪СĹѾ½ħھŷǧǰħս֮ʱʵǳֲħÿӵħŷ֮һͨɱܲô
ڻ޹֮ڣϷַ磬ǿַ罫л޿ƣԼûлֻʱ
죬ϱҪȥַ磬ͨȵַ֪ͷһ𣬴ϸûлᣡ
Ϊˣѡ˷ȴʱҲЩ£治֪Լ׽һǶԻǴַħھŷɱ˭ܵס
Ȼڴһ⣬߷ַһħַ϶Ǹ˵ץһҩ񣬵ʱ۲Ըַ磬ҲԸϣ
ԣϾˣֻʱѰһץסַ硣
ַͷɱɱһ£˵Ȫ֮һľ붼ûС
֮鶼ɱҪȵɱɾֱȥȪ
һ˰ɱУϢϾʱͣʹҲǳϱ벹ں
ַҲͻƵתսҲԽԽǿַҲǳģٶȽȥֻҪɱе飬ַ籣֤ܽʮת
ʱ䣬ַͷ۵ĹϵҲԽԽãÿ϶ǰѾԻ
ַ緢ַһܲˣܶԼθڣʼʱ򣬷۵ĺأŶԷ۵Ľַ緢ַۺԼ̸øܶһЩܵ鶼ַ硣
ַ֪ԼΪϵЧַܾˣȻһܵӵȥܾҲ֮УҲǳѡַѡ
۾һ֮ˣһѣͻΪ߲嵶ַѾ˷۵ѡ
죬ɱһ죬֮󣬷óþƣ˽յ
ǳ֣˷ǳͶĸоǽΪֵΣֵ֮ܶһ۰Ծ磡
ַȻͷ۳ֵܣôϵۿַУ
ַ֣ҲΪֵܣһϾ磬Ц磡ǣܸоҺͷ֮·ǲͬ·Ժ˭Ҳ˵һ죬㷢ǳ˵ˣУô
һЦ֪󣬶ҺǳֿνͬЩһֱһ𣬷ǳҲһλˣǽΪֵкβɣҺŵҲͷһԳΪѣԺǹôʲôԺôֵԺսϣֵƽһս޺ֵܵУγһҸ£
ֵУγһҸ£
һ仰ַ𺳲ѣʱȣ
ֵܣߵ·ûѡأֻսôԼֵУԱڵҪʹ죡
ҶɱԼֵܣ򲻵ѵĻƽһսγǼ£
˵ĶԣֻҪǴʱֵܾͺãԺ£ãҾʹӦˣֿ϶곤Ҿͺһ磡
ãʹĵǳֹˬ죡ͨˡ
ôң
ŵǡ
۵ŵǣĹԽԽˣֵǶûз֣Ҫǵĵˣ˴˿Ѿɹˣ
ַ翴ŵһۣ˵ʲôǸոſȥ
ŵҺݺݵĶŷۣۣ˵͵͵ܳǳ棿Ҳңü죬ᣡ
ЦҿǳܣҾһֱǳûȥ㣬дͱҼƽ˰ɣ
ַ翴ĳۺŵ˶ˣһ£˴̹Ȼԣ˴˹ģ˴ںѺγһ£
ŵǵãԭû⣬˽ҲҪңҲҪݡ
ۺַͬʱȻ
ͬʱ룬ôݣ
ַ뵽ŵ˫޷ȥԱ˴ˣýȥһ̨ףĻ˷޵ݻã˴Ҳԡ
ɲǼҲŵǵ˼
ȻŵǵЩ죬ȴǽð취
ȥԱ˴ˣ֮λһЩʱ˻ĿԿĵһ
ЦֻҪǳԸ⣬ûʲô
ַãͬ⡣
ŵǵǷ磬ǳ磬Ҿðɡ
ȻŵǵַĶ౶ַŵɷСܵĻЩס
磬硭
ַǳĵá
ַļһѣܣҪŤŤģƵģ
갡Ҳô
ŵЦʽ˾˰ɣֻҪб˴˾ͺãô
۵˵ûֻҪұ˴жжԷͺãʽֻһַȽڣҪҲա
šַͷ
ַŵǷޣѵҪʽȥô
˳á
ŵǵ쿪ʼҲǵսӣһɱ飡
ϣ˶û˯š
ַ磬κͷ۳ֵܣԺֵ֪֮ޱȣ
ַĵΪҲ֪ôܾܾ۵ĺôѾˣԺǵˣѵۻôӷۿһ֮ʱѾ뵽һħΪΪʲôܵĵôʵ۸ҵݣŵǣҪŵǿ֣֮ˣΪֵܣһңڸ߷ۣһħҲ⣡ΪŵܷԼϵ۴˵ݣΪЩô
Σĸ̫ˣһ㶼㲻Ƿۣκһ˿һħҾɱ㣡
Ϊ㲻ˣĸ顭
ַͽͬʱϲĵСٻ
Сٻˡ
СٻԴǴܵһ֮һֱ˯˹
ǰˣСŰ룬ŵǡۺַ˽ݣԺۺϵˣǵĴ˽ӹܾ磬ַӹܾħ磬˵Ժ½һƬ̫ƽ˵ħӴ˽أ
ԣħħԶǶģĳΪѣڸ߸ϵħǶǼįģҪֵģû˵ˣû˶֣ǻʲô˼ˡ
Сٻ˵֪ħ˴֮乲棬ģħսɣ½һ̫ƽ
ЦǲսģħһҲһ½ħ£ƿأÿ꣬ͻָ棬ǧǰħսʤˣ´Σ϶һħʤۺϵ۾Ϊ˸ı뽫ħͨĹɾʹܣôתģǻʧˣǾҲûʲôϣ

СٻͽַۣҲЩЩԼ̫Զˡ
ַֻʵȳСѩˣ
ڶ죬ַ硢ŵǺͷɱ顣
ŵǵļ룬ɱٶȼӿĺַܶ࣬ÿյƣ
һַ֮ͻ˰תһǧ߽鶼ɱȷ۵ɱٶȻ죡
ȻⲻַŵǺͷΪкǿѹƣŸߵȼַ֣ͽ鶼ЩϸоħֵϢ
ַͬʱ϶ħħĳ
ϣڳſ⣬ƣʼʱŵǵܷſַʱĬз֮Ĵߺ͵ַͣҲĳػ
һʱദַŵҲ˴˷˿Ҷ̹ԣȻʱ򻹻Σ˶ţֻҪʱˣ˶ܽǰһЩ鵭
۵ܣǵ룬Щħĸ߽ĳ֣ҺŵǴԽԽܵսȴԽԽǿʲôԭ򣿡
ûĸ߽鶼Ǳħ飡Щħħħֵħ
ַ̹ȻΪħûʲôӰ죬һ֮һĹħȴѹƺܴ󣬶֮ҵѹЩħ
Ŷԭˡۼڰ˰ٶǰ鲢Ǻܶ࣬ǳ٣һħǿҺҲ򲻹ȡһʲôûпǴ֮ɢܸоһԴǰȡ֮ħ죬Щ鱻ħҷ˱ħȪˮħҲǳϤħħ
ַһ


434 
ۿַɫ΢΢һ䣬֪֮Ǹǿȡߵʲô֮һġָ콣ӡħһħָ֣콣ǵŮѹħħһߣֵסЩħԣ鱻ħȪҲħȪ
ȡָ콣֮󣬱ˣɱ֪ħˣȡָ콣ָ콣Ĵˣɱ󣬲ûпָ콣ָ콣Ӵ˲֪١֮ԽԽ࣬𣡡
ܣûȤõħħô
ͻȻôһʡ
ŵǺַĶһ
ַ粻ɫЦУҵȻУħħǺεǿ󣬶ħҲͬһԴħħ֣Թ
ַ֪ۻѾȷԼݣ
ַԷ˵ŵħô½Уŵħô½Ĵһħ͹ķķȻܷۿƣҲǷߵˣȻ֪һУôŵħô½ϵĴУһħ˭
ټַͶħħѹƣϽѾȷַݡ
ַ˵Ҫħħ֣Ҳ̹׵ĸ˷ۣҾһħΪħħֻħѪͳ˲ſȫֻһħ
ЦܼȻҪħħ֣ʱһæģȪǴˣɱʹ
ַҲЦһҪΪܣȻʹˡ
ŵǳһ·ۻֶԸַ磬˸ոսùϵͻᱻ˲ƣ
ʱΪѺεŵǣ
ûзŵǴ˿ҲţѾѣֵܣ
˼ɱ飬ڴҵݶûʲô⣬ֻҪһ𣬾ֵܽã
ַλһ㣬ȷԼһħȴ⣡ɺԼֵܣǷǳϣ⣡
ֹʮ죬Ѿʮַͻת
ͻַ֮繦ӵļ÷ۺŵǶַٶ಻ѡ
Ϊۺϵ۵ĴˣٶһߵļֹǺǰֱַĸţһ㣡
˾Ȫֻķ֮һ·
Ϣ֮˼ɱ飡
ͻƾתַ֮磬ֵһոµĲΣһַӾͿԽԽԽ룬ϵħԽԽأַǵѹԽԽЩ鿴ַȫվﲻ֪룡
ɱտʼʱ򣬷ۺŵǱַ磬ڵַڱۺŵǣ
ַʶ̽⵽ȪͬʱҲ̽⵽ĸ߽飡
ַ籣ŵǺͷ˳İΧȦַұ֤ŵǷ۶˾Ի棡
ַûô˽ַΪ֪Ҷѣֵܣַô
ַɱŵǺͷۣõĻᣬַܾ
Ǭ˶֪Ӿַһ֮ˡ
ۺŵҲַὫ˶ǿַ紦ˣжԼ뷨ЩΡ
Ҳȵһ飬ЩΪڵ͵ȵ磬ȻҲתϵ龳ԽߣʵԽǿַ֮󣬾Խ־壬Խ¡
Щǿ飬ŵǺͷ˸ҳַ֣ı֮СǰС
ַ˵ļ룬Щ鶼ԭزַϵϢȫѹƣǶԹԵվԭأȴַɱ
ɱʮַ֮ͻʮת
ʮתһַ̣о֮֮ϵĽɫһҵ𵴣еİɫڼ֮תܡ
һ̣֮֮ϱĳǿӲ˺ѣ֮֮ϱ˺һתĺڶЩڶܺԾİɫȫ˽ȥ
ַʶһӦ֮֮гһǧ׷Բĺɫռ䣬˷Ŀռ֮תɫ·
Щɫ·֧ռתе·Ѹٱ󣬱֣һγһѭ
ţռһһ֮ߵĺɫǱǱоʮŲ㣬ÿĴŶգַʶҲ޷̽⣬ɢɭϢ
ţЩɫʧռ䣬֮ޱȿǧĿռ䣡
мֱֵĽɫ·ûһɫ̫һɫһЩɫ·û˺ɫɽһЩû˸ɽϿȣͱڣһЩûɭĹű
ռγһ磬ռһƬûκ
ַоԼڵͻȻǿǧٱԼоõٶڷ籬ըͣҺַ޴ҪȻᱻͻű
ͻôôǿ
龪֪ˣǰ˵֮֮ϵĽɫ·һͼ֪ˣû뵽֮ǰô
ַҲ𾪲ѣæʵ飬˵ʲôطʲôط˵
Щĵĵ
ַ粻Ĵڣ
ϻ񶼴ڣܲôûпǺɫǱôǾǾʮŲÿԳһռ䣬ƹֻأӦӡǲĿ֮ûд򿪣ԺΪͻ֪һˡ
ַʶ̽ųǱ˸ܵϢ֮⣬ʲô׽
ַʵĵΪʲô֮֪ô
ҵȻ֪ǧǰ֮սۺϵ˶ڤ磬ֻҪڤ磬ֻؾͻᱻƻתͻʧ⣬ʱ˾ûа취ȥͶ̥ʱԼͻɢʱһս񽫵е궼˳Կǣһսǰˣɱȴ֪٣鶼Ϊһˡʱħ֣ӡǣ˭Ҳû뵽ΪԼһ˺·ӡԼ֮УҶ֪
ַʵŶʧˣôתֻأ
ʧˣǻжظô

ظϳΪڤ磬ھ½֮һƽĿռ䣬ڤһϵڤ񣬶ڤ֮Ƕƹռ;綫ֻأƹܾռֻأʧˣǶظڣֻضһģֻǴҵĹ˶ѣһЩ־͹ˣûô鷳
ڤػֻأ˻ڤ磬Բڤֻ֮أһһĴڣɱ֮ظڤ緭˸׳죬ǸҲظֻա
ַܸ֮ܵĴڡ
ӡѾ𽥿㽫ĴУδƹֻص񣡶ڵû꣬ΪûĴ򿪣뵱һĸ߶ȣ֮һ¿
ַûҪ񣬶ڵΪһѾһʵַҲ޷ѵˡ
ַ磬ǳǿƹֻأǱݺһֶƣĶƣŻᱻɱҪȻۺϵҲĶ֣
ŶַʵȻôǿʲôܷŵ
ŮԴԴŮ֮Ĺʵ֮֮ľԴԴǧǶ˵ȴĶҩŮƹƹŮԴȫ
ŵʱļǹһЩŮֻ֮£ǰ¾дҲû뵽Դû뵽ԴȵľԴϵۺۺѹӰεģʶ̽ⲻôһС㣬ȥǱ֮ѹԴһ±ֱѹľųսˡ֮ϵۺΧڤ磬ս
ַ鰡㣬ħ
鲻ӿǵĵȻħħǾ½һ
ȿνջ޴ַתʮתԼȻⲻԼַȫԿƣĽ񴫳мҲıַ
˿̵ַҲΪһ飡ַһͻһʮλ
ת֮ѡħתƵ񣬳Ϊ񣬰ת֮ܳΪһ飬ʱ򣬶ַǳ⣬תֱӳ飬ʡ˰񾳽磡
һôλַ粻֪Ǻûǻѯʽ顣
ʵ񾳽ҪΪ˶򣬽ԼתΪ򣬷ΪŸ׶ΣֱǴתΪ򣬶ȫҪֲԼĸ򣬶ǴеʲôΣСϪ۳ɴӣӻ۳Ϊ󺣣㹻ˮҲеطкˮֱӳΪ󺣣ûʲôף
˿ַɴ󺣵ĵ̣Ǻˮ˵ǧ򱶵ַ궼ɡ
ַָоֻҪ˴Լ򡪡ͬȼİҲɱַģŵǺͷۣҲɽɱ
ŵǺͷͬʱַ磬Ƿַɢһǿѹѹ÷ۺŵǶ̲ס
Щƣַͻ˼ΣҲܶвǴ˿̣ȴоַѾɱ䣬˳Խǵĸ߶ȣ
˲첻ѡ
ʣµʮڱַɱȴӴֻ֮ʣĵ͵飬߽鱻ַɱһɶ
ɱ飬˵ĿⶼԶȪ
Ȫһʮƽ׵ĺɫĺˮҵķţħ죡


Щĵħħֺ;ħ߽ھںף
ַ˺ߣһӭÿ˶оˮ¶ѾߴＸȣ
۴ЦڵõȪˣڻû򣬴Ȫһ⣡
ŵǵûǵĴָٺãҲܲסȪħռָضǲװģȪͻûʲô𡣡
ܴ̾ߣ۴ʲôطȪħͻὫǸطħǻ취ħɡ
ۺŵͬʱַ磬˿϶ûа취ħȫóһСƿȪˮҪħɾҲҪǧĹ
ַ֪һħ϶а취
ַʶȪ̽ȥЩħûӰַʶŵǺͷۣ˵ʶȥĻᱻħӰ죬ʶˣǿ̽⣬߻ħ


435 ħ
ַ̽˺׵ȪȪѾħȫħѾ϶ΪһҪȪħҪħ֣ҪħֵĻͱ뽫ȪȪһɣʱҪħֺȪȫֿǽħȫڵΪҪħҪǧԺˣҪҶûа취ȥˡ
ַ˵ʵ
۵úʹһֻҪҪȪˮʶҪͺˡ˵ˣֻҪȪۺħһȪˮõˡ
۵ķǳ
ַЦǺãʲôʱҪܿڣ
˵ַ꣬Ȫ
Ȫֻʮַڼ֮ͽӽ˺ףʶӦѵħӡ
ˮм׸ߣַǳ֮Ҳ̵ͨ巢죬һˣͱճ˷ɻҡ
ˮΪɫַȥ֮ʲôֻʶӦһС


ħӡһǳСȱڣСʶ̽ⶼ㷢ֲˣħֵǴȱɢȪˮںϣַоĵֻзǳСһħֵȪۺ϶Ϊһħħӡ棬ͬʱħ߽Ҳħӡ档
ɣ
ַȪɶȥȪ۸ַܵϢħֵʼȪ۵ھҵķ
ַͿƲס޷Ȫɡ
飬ô죿
ȲҪȪۣħֵϢȪۿƣҪɣѶȷǳ󣬾ǿɣҲƲסȪִۣ˵еȪˮô򵥡ҪƿħӡֻҪ˷ӡħֵȪ۵ȻʱȻɣ
ַǣħӡôȥƿ
ַоƾԼȥƿħӡƼҲƲˣڷӡħֵհҲղ꣬Ϊӡ̫Сˡ


ָ콣ԡָ콣ѹħֵҲоŮҺħֹͨħֺ͵߽ھħ湥ӡ湥ʱӦϣӦƿӡ
ã


ַǬȡָ콣ݺݵħӡһ΢Сȱ֮ȥħֺ;ħ߽ҲӦ˽˼ڷӡȱ֮
䣡
䣡
ʮ˫ϵ֮£ӡȱЩֻС
ַָ콣ըȪȪˮȣܵĵһѣɫȪˮ޿ײ룬˴
ŵǺͷΪΪȪˮ¶ȣҲȥ
ˮڿٵļ٣ŵǺͷҲûа취ɫȪˮʴԼǿһһ㶼ҪСôȪˮʧ˶̾Ϣ
˿ַһڷĺһӡһп϶ַΪ
ۺŵæ˸ʹҵӡ֮ϣͱӡײɣ
ħӡַûãΪӡĹǰַеİߣ
ŵǺͷ۾ͲͬˣʹõͷӡȻ෴ˮݣħӡŵǺͷ˵סģ
˹һκ󣬱ӡҷɣ֮󶼹ԹԵվһԲҶ֣𷽲ŷӡĹ˶¡
Ȫַܿը飬ȪˮȪ۸һĺɫȪˮصķ϶ȥ
۴ȵܣȪҪˣ
۵ȪֶȥȪ۱һǿħһ½۵ƣ۱˳ɡ
ôôǿ
Ȫħֵ϶ǷۿԿģַǽŶԺڰߵʣȪ˲ַ磬ַܺȪ۹С
۴󾪣æһԳȥ
ַҲһдһɣ
Сٻ
ַʱסȪۣȪߣȪھҵӲַ񹦵
СٻæǬȪװ˽ȥ
鼱æһ
ǿȪ۵ĻȪһǬƻʱ屬Ǭ
СٻոȪۣһȪ۽Ǭ˸ֱӳ˳
ַ硢Сٻͬʱһ
ҺǬСͬʱ֣ǬĹŽȪ۵ѹҪȻȪǬֱײὫǬ飡
СٻҲˡ
ȪٴӴܣַٴסȪۣȪߣû֮£ַҲҲˡ
ڣ˶޷ƷȪۣ
ַУ飬취
Ȫս

ַ֮֮ˮһȪϯȥһ룬Ȫ۱֮˵֮У
Ȫ֮УȪһŭ֮ڵֱײһİɫ·ֽȪײɣȪ۴κεطͻƣĽɫ·赲޷ӳ
ȪˣһϿ֮ڿһ׷Բĵ̣£
ܿɫȪˮӵ˳
ȪӲȥֻ֮ѡ硣
ΪȪ۲ܳʱĿռ䣬ʱȥȪ۵ͻɢգֻ֮£ȪˮԼ¾ıԼ
ռڵһϢȪҲǳȤħϢҲǳϲԣȪ۲ŰĴռ䡣
㶨Ȫַ֮ڳһ
ۿŸɿݵȪײһ뵵ķӡܣħӡ
ַͷûħӡħħ־棬ò˶ãҾͿԽȥˡ
о̾ѣַӡԼŵǷźһ¾ͱӡˣ
ħȪ۸ַŵǺͷŪþͻᱻȪɱ
ŵǺͷۿԿģ
ۿַеָ콣ʲôûʡ
ϢƬַ̣ħӡַһһҹ֮󣬷ӡһָͷϸȱڡ
ˣǬȥɡ
ַǬȥħӡ֮ڡ
ȥַ֮ոһɹǿҵѹַϯַ
ӡ֮ȫһǿİַڰߣһͻᱻѹ飡


һͷ˾ħ߽ڣħ߽ҲڵһʱӦ˽ٻûַĵħħȲĻһûַĵ
һзǳ˳ûκβס
ħֱǰ˳
ǬĸСɫǳѿַ磬ҪʱСģҸоĴٽ
ħۣħַֽ絤֮󣬲û˯ɢһٻ˯Ĵħ֡
ڵħֵٻ֮£Ĵħĸա
ַ飬ʲô
龪ô£
Լѹħֳ˯ǽȫҲѹƲ
ַŭô£ңңʲô
鼱æħָոۣ˵ڲѣΪҪħ󷨡ſħֺͼħѪڵħڿѣҲĳΪħһ̣ħѪᱻȫħҲͣҲνħٽ٣
ħ٣
ڵΪ޷ħ٣ħٽֻ·һҲ֪ʲôħǲԼѵģħ˵Ŀⰲţħֻۣħֵ϶ΪһԼѡ
ַ֪С˵Ĵ٣
ԭħ٣
֮ħֺ϶Ϊһǻ֮Ϊ֮֮ͻȻ飬һİַѪ֮бҵĳȥ
ַ翴ŵ֮ħֵı仯ȴΪħƺһصƣн
ַоȫĽ֫ٺʴеİַѪ֮ڣ
еַ磬һԵѪȫͳħ壬ͻΪħħ
ַǳʹ࣬ԼѪҺڱĳ޷ǿת䣡ַʶ޾ħʴ
ַе飬ҵʶӰˣҿƲס
Уס̨Ҫħ֣ҪȻħħаɱ¾֮ħħһ
ʱַġħһתַԼƲסַ֮ɫڿڳַڵĻ
ַ֮ںھҵıըַزסԼʶ˹ȥ
ŵǺͷһֱħӡȣһʱ֮һһܲǿٵϢնϯȡ
ŵǴ󾪣ٵԤףô£ҸоٱϢǿ󣡡
۵϶Ƕܵ٣ҪСˡ
ŵЩģ٣˵סģַ绹ûг
˿̣֮Ѿ˺ѳһǧ֮ѷ죬ӴĻۣһϸСĺɫת֮۳һˮͰֵĺɫ磬ɫɫںϡ
ŵǺͷ˵Ŀһֱע֮ϵա
ۿ૵ĵɫ磿⡭ħħ٣ҪΪħˣ
ŵǵȫ̲סЩۣħڳˣħսҪĻˣԺ󣬾Ҫˡ
۳һЦΣʲôˣħϴһκγһ£ЩʼҪģֻҲû뵽ôѡ
ŵǵЦۣʵңûҪɱħ
У۵ʼʱҺܶζɱħΪɱħĻħͳξ꣬ɱħҲõĻᣡΪĹϵûж֣ҴӦ㲻ɱһ
ԴӺͶ֮ĸоҲû뵽һħˣȻֵܣҾͲֵܶ֡ϾħֻĶֶѣĵˣɱħҲʦ𽻸ҵ飬Ը
齫ħ󻯣ħа񻯣ΪԻˣǵСʱǴӿʼʱʦ͸ǣǳ֮ξħǵģһֱҲôǧǰħս࣬Ǻǡ֪֮ҿʼʹ飡ɱ࣬ɱǵͽħȴǺǵ࣡ⲻЦ֪Ժ˼켸ҹھƾ֮УǴСξػ࣬аħҲ֪Ҫɱ࣬аħȴػ࣡ôЦộԺҾһֱȴţһʦ𽻸ҵҺȥ£ҲȥħսΪҲ֪ʲôǶԵģʲôǴģѾҪˣѵҪȥ˵ʦôȥ˵ôǺǡ
ŵǳ˼Ҳ֪ħս࣬Щܸıģܶ˶Ƕû·ȥѡ
Ϊۺϵ۵ּǲΥģ
֮ϵܶʼںϣһǧ֮ĺɫĻ֮ǧ׷ԲӴڼѹһֱһҵĺɫռٵ
ŵǵ֣У
һɫ䵽ħӡ֮ϡ


436 ַħ
䣡
䣡
ħӡڱըɫٵһ׸߿նºħӡݺݵײһֳĩһ㣬һɲ֮ͽ֮ĵطݻ٣ɽɭ֡˲仯ΪУȱըһ׵Ͽȣ
֮ϣǧ֮ѷѾʧָƽħֻһһԽȫһ
ϿȵһӰɢŰڿźɫನ
ɫ˷ۼʴµӰ
ֽе̵ΣҺħӡסħ٣ҪȻȫˣ
ַ磬Сģ
䣡
䣡
ɫನַ絲סһ룬һС뻹ǽַꡣ
ַ绺վϵĺɫʧħҲڽ
鳤һַ磬㡭û°ɣ
оַ״̬ǳȶϵϢѾȫı䣬ԭϢҲħֵĺڰϢħ
һѵ


ַĿĿЦţȫɢſ񱩺ɱ¾Ϣ
ַ֮һɳɲϿȣƯŵǺͷ۵ǰ
ַɢһ޾ĺڰⲻǴĺڰħ
ַվ˵ǰһ߸ϵħһ㣬ڸŵǺͷۡ
ŵǺͷ۸оַϵд󾪣ĺ
ŵǺͷ۸оַϵϢǳǿǿ˶޷ĵز
ô£
ַɫ𪣬ǹһ˿Ц⣬֮ȫ飬һȫĮĿ⣡һж޹ϵ
ͺһħħ
ַ絭ĵǲ£ȻǵˣҲ˺ǵģ룬Һϵ۵Ĵֵܣ۵Ĵҵţ֪ۺϵۻɨֻҪңҶԿۺϵۣʱ˵ôȤ
ܣôˣ
ܣַɫһ䣬ͻȻ׵ĳֻ֣оһڹԼǰӹһ̣۾͵˳ȥݺݵˤڵϣ³һѪ
ڷ۵Ķ߻صţڿʼǶҵūҾǵˣǶҪƺΪˣô
ŵǺͷ۵ɫǳѿ
ַռ䣬磬Ժҵĵ̣ħףǧǰ޺ܿͻģϵۺҳǲڽ£
ŵǶԷ۵Ѿħˡ
ַ絭Цţû֪ħĸоôãͳħˣ
СŵǣոճħδȫʧԾȹһ֣
ŵǵͷ
ۺŵͬʱ֣񽣺лַ糹֣ǿҪַ˺һ㡣
ŵǺͷ뽫ַƣ취ַħԣַء
Ǵ˿̣ҪַҲ첻Ϊַ˿̵ľ˺ø߳౶
ַŭһƾ
ħһŵǺͷ˵˲ķ飬ħ޾İŵǺͷϯȥ
ַŵǺͷ˵ĹͬϷһЦ
ŵǺͷ۴󾪣һɹϢϢֱˣ
ַ翴һУ˶ס
ַľѾŵǺͷ۶޷ĸ߶ȣһѾﵽ˳ľ磡
ھħҪŵǺͷ˺˲䣬ַϵľħȴֶһַ⡣
ַ絭ĵô飬㲻һֱɱŵǺͷô㾹Ȼң
һʱһʱɱŵǺͷΪԺ·룬һδεľܾڣѾħɱǸı⣬ԺҲڣ
ַĮĵҺڣΪʲôҪڣ㲻֪ж˷ܣж࿪ģ˱ǵĵˣڷǣֻŻɽԺɱõʱҪǵɳҪɱǾͲˣҪ֪ǰˣۺϵ۵Ĵˣпһۺϵۣұɱǣ
ŭҲɱأ
㣿飬Ϊֹôħħ־ۼѾȫѾȫõħĴм䣬ħ󷨡Ѿᵽ˵߲㣬ܵסô
ǲֹ㣬Ҳɱ
ַĬҲҪô
ҷ㣬㷴Լֻüһٴʱֻһ;ħһ󣡡
ַЦħұħҲħ˭ħʲô
̾ûħħ½ǿħ㲻ħѾܵˡħһӰ죬Ҹܵħֺ϶Ϊһʱ򣬡ħһѾӵһ˶㣡ʶħֵټħٶӰ죬Ѿħһħħǡаħ
û֪ǽħֵħһԲԴˣҵӴޱ޼ʣħٽҲ˲ңҵǰ½һս𣬳һȱڣΪ˾ҵȱԽԽ󣡱ħһûģҵ겻һС⣡겻ôСҲܿƣʱѾǳħٽ٣ҵĹҲ߻ħ˵ʵڵģħĸоķǳá
ŭַ磬ħĸоұΪΪΪϣֻɱ¾ֻռУֻʵ
ûʲôãҾҪɱеˣɱзҵˣҪͳһ磬ͳһ½飬õѣǽһ۰
ļ٣ַ磬ħħûֹ㣡·ѡģߵ·ٲ֮·аħԶܳɾֻᱻħƣɱ¾ƣΪɱ¾ū
ôַ粻ΪȻɱΪħΪħνһħһɣߵһ·ֻҪյҲϴκԵյ㶼ǴһʼѾȫڻͨġħһѾħҲԳɵ¶ԳɵҵֻһСѣ˵һᱻɱ¾ƣֱǿЦΪħɱ¾ֻ֮ɱ¾Ҳſ򶥷壡
ŭʲôƨۣħħǵаħǲܳɾһϴ֮Уħͳħɱ¾ΪΪаħһѾʧ˱ԣȻѾʧȥ˱ԣַ磬ԾĹ
ַЦ飬ľ޷ЩȵΪڵľ磬Ȼס
ʱַĻˣǰַһЩ벻ͨ¶ҽָ㣬ַ羹Ȼ˵ôΪܺȣ
ȻʧЦַ磬ҵҲǺɨĴڣأֻǻһЩмͶħԵ˽һѣȻ𾳽磬ʮǧȻҪѡħͳħɣûйϵߡ
߽ھħߣˣһҪַ࣬ΪħѾȡ߽ڣħǺεȿ£ַһáħԸҵĻ鲻
һߣħַ޷ýʹáħ
ǿн⿪ԼôΪôַЦħǾ½һħôҲߣ
ַȫһǿİڵȫҪߵľħѹƣ
飬ڵΪǲǿн⿪֮ԼģӲߵģԹԵɣ㲻Ҿ㣡
ŭ㵱һң
ַֹħ֮·ϵκˣҶԻҲ㣡
ĲУǹԹԵıͣǳΣû뵽ַħħ
ǬĸС̾ϢһеһĨ⣬̾ԭˣԭˡ
СѾ￴˽֮˴ңǴ̫ˡ
СĿӽ˼ࡢľˮᡢ˵ɨ׼ô
ͬʱͷ֮жǼĿ⡣
ССٻȫųȥ
СٻҪôô
СתʱһȫҵģҲֻܾȵַ硣
ַҪٴɱŵǺͷ֮ʱľˮĴַǰ
ַĿⶢŸСˣаЦţô˶Ҫô
С侲ĵַ磬ຣޱ߻ͷǰֻüҪɱ䣬ʱһӣ
ַЦڣΪʲôҪڣ籾һɱ¾磡ǿΪֻܽһУҪֻ·һǹ˳ңһ̤ƽ磡ʱҪ÷磬Ҫ꣡
ʱߵַߣĵû˵һ㶼ûдֻǿֻſԽһУֻҪҸŷ磬ǾͿһУֻгħſԵõһУΪħֻɱ¾ֻԼʵõһУ
ַһѽ§ڻҵĺ£ģҪһУ綼㣡ֻҪңҾǵһУ
µ磬»Զŷģ۷ʲôӣҶֻϲһˡ
ŵһ㶣ַôŮˣ
ͳħǺȴǳַĻµľٶħҲһֱַƿ֮ڣڣַħµħȫ汬ѡվַһߡ
ţʱ嵽ַǰӣ㵽ôˣ֪ħʧȥԣʧȥеˣʱٲ֮أ
ַԶţ˭˵ħʧȥԣţҴСһ𳤴ֵܣ˭Ҫɱ㣬ҵһͲԸ⣡ôʧȥԣţڻ֪ħ֮ǿΪΪĸоգҲħ֪ħжĺô
ţŭôƨôһòá
ţû˵ַ꣬ͻȻ֣ţɡ
ţҸ㣬ȻֵܣٶҲҲֻ·һ
ӣ㡭
ַĿĮȻĴɨ˳߲ÿ˶Ҵǿҵɱ⣡ҵѣҵֵܣҵĻ飡ѵǶҪô
Сϣ
ʱӵԽöַΣԽַڸոճħħûأǽõʱ
ַ粢û֣Ŀ翴Цһ㿴ˣƾǣǶѵķϣҾһ£ǳֵĻᣬҵҪôԸҵģ
ַԴ󣬵пԴʵ
ҧгݡ
£һ߿ţ㿴ôʰһȺϣ
ԶԶĶһߣСʾۣһס¡
Ĵӵͬʱ߷ַ֡
˼еķɢһɳַԺַĿ֮гһ˿ƽǺܿһ˿ƽɱ¾Ϣѹƣ߾ҵĶԿߣַĿ֮гʹ֮ɫ
ѹַħԣľɢһǵصĽַͷ£һƽԵϢѹַڵħԡ


437 սַ
ַһ޾İħ˳ĽԿţۿĽҪɢˮеķӡһķӡַͷ£ַ档
ӡķӡ½һȻ˿̲ܴ߷ӡȫַҲһʱ޷ѡ
źеĿ츫ֶһַħԿ
츫ַ籬һħ飬ַֿʼµħ
ĴӵͬʱĴַ棬Ĵַ罻ս
˿Ĵַħѹƣֻʱѹ˶þͻᱻַͻƣ
Сʱŵǣóָ콣ŵС㣬ֻѹסַħԣָ콣Ѿָ콣ŵСˡоֻŵСܷӳָ콣ԣҿŵСæȳַ磬ַħضͿ̿
ŵǺԥĽӹָ콣
ŵָ콣˻ϵ򣬽ָ콣߷ϡ

֮󣬽ľˮԵںϣܿγһƽ֮ѹַ
Ĵӵ߶ŵǺͷ˶Ǻ֮ǣ˭Ҳû뵽˿̻ŵǺ
Ǹû뵽ŵǻԥѡַ磡
ַ֮类ȫѹַȫİҲ𽥵ʧַڡ
İû˸иǶַ֪ħʱѹ
ַԻָһЩǣĿʹ촽ţ쳣ѵĺǡ㡭ɱҡ
ҳŲסġ
֡
֡ɱɱң
˿ַѾָһǣ֮ڵħ쳣ǿַоĵҲѹססħֵħ
ַõħ֮ħ󷨡ħ֣ȵַΪ֮ٽħȫӶħٵĿ飡
ǾҲû뵽ħк϶Ϊһ
϶Ϊһħָûַ磡ַڵ޷ٿħ֣ͬʱħֵַħѪͬʱѪѹħֵڽҪѹ֮ʱħٽ٣
ħӡס˴󲿷ֵħ٣һСֵħٻַڣ
ħֵʧأħپǵַħף
СǬ㣬ѹַħԵΨһ취
Ϊ֮оŮֻҪһŮͻȫʱȫħֵħԣ
Ǵ۾ӵߡ
Сûиߴһֻ˵һǴһǺԥѡַ磡
ָ콣ӵû˸޷ָ콣ȫֻȫ
һж⣡ŵо
ԣŵָ콣ܴ߷ָ콣ȫ
һʼۣﵽ˵ƽ⽫ַƷжоȻǿ󣬵˲ͬʱһ˵ҲĺΪһ壬ַƿ˵Ľ
˿ַ̣ǶݵѣַҪ˳ɱ
˶ַ磬ƴҲҪַ磡ôɱַ磿
˼ַ׽㣬ôԼĵܵߣ屻ĳҲַֻܱˣ
ľȻַĽ鲻ĺַĶܣ֮ôַܲ磿ַ½ʥħʥʱ򽻴ľҪַ磡
ˮһĺˣħһдħһѪһͱھħĶǱ֮ʱ
ŵǾͲ˵ˣְֺ޵ˣǺҲܷ֣
ξǸַ磬֮ȱӡ޾֮׵̹ˣַֻ̹ܽ壡
ԣˣƴҲҪַ磡
ɱҡǿɱңѹƲסħ
ħȫ汬Ƕ
ɱңҺʹ࡭
ַɱû˶֡
ŵǵСѹƲסַħԣȥַһ˶
Сڤڤ֮ΪߣЩΣָӻ⣬Ļⲻˣһʲôߣ޷ַ磬Ҫã
Сûشŵ˵˶ʵС֪˶Ǿһ
סַ磬˶ûа취ȥæһֵĻͻƻƽ⣡˵˵޷ѹַħԣ
ⲻһħԣħħԣһ˵ħԣ۵ĹͿԾ
˿̵ĺ¾Ǳۺ˿ס¸ַæĻ롣
ӵƴĴ߷ַѹ֮·ħʼʱѹȥǽģַϱħٴο
ƾҲܵסô
ַϵħͻȻըַĻ䣬ӡַĹѣӡıڳϸܵѺۣ
ͬʱˮĿһѪˮҧأԼ߷ŷӡ
ԶĶţˮᣬҪ
ˮŶţЦЦ
ˮϵձַķӡֶַ£
˵ֹֻǿסַ磬˲ַ磡
ߵΪǳ֮壬˭˵ˣ
˼˼ȻǶҪôҾͳȫǣ
ַϵľħһһͷ̹Ÿַһ䣡
һѪҡҡ׹ǺҧسԼ£Ӱƽ⣬ô˾ͻַķӡͻ飡
ˡַ絭ĿľɻӶžħһʵʻİ˹ȥ
ҽ˵صףľҽһ˹ȥ

һˣСæסҪȥڹȥ·һ
ľ˻ԣʧȥƽⱻƣ
סַķӡѸٵı飬˶ת߷ַħԼѹƣ
˷׷׿Ѫڿ֧š
ַЦ鴫ܴ߷ĻĿɱңǵΪ̫ˣ֮һʹܺҿ⣿
ŵǵһл˳
򣡡
ŵǴһľľŵǵȻҪҪǿܶ࣡
Ȼ˵лҪǿŵǵΪľҪ౶лһƽһ˿ƣ϶˿ƵЧҪúܶ࣡
һҲĴﵽĺһһ˱һ壬ġһ
ŵǶԽ˼ࡢˮͺ˵Ҳ£ѹס߷ңлһַܽƣ
ȻŵǹƾлѹƲסַ磬ٽŵǵ֮УһҪȷֵǿܶ࣡
ŵǵڽԼһյأ˴ڰȫش
۸ľȪˮľԭеɲǼֱָȪˮҪǿ󼸱
ڵ˵ľҲûΪһʱһʱ
ҲȪˮָ
ŵǵܴ߷עŵǵ֮УлԴԴϣƺ˥ߣһֱάŵǵĶ
ַЦŵǣҵʹܾˣȫʹ˳㲻ҪǣҲо㻹ǵõħô½ͬʱʹ򣬶ΪʱҸߺܶ౶ҵˣôڵΪ߼ٱΪѹƵô
ŵаã
ַЦʶʶʲô򣡡
䣬ַħֵ
ħֵռ״̬кһΪ֮ΪַȻħֵΪʲôΪħֵʱԱ任κԵ
ľˮⰵħְռ״̬
֮任
򣡡
ַһַΪı˳ͻȻһ˲䱻ͬ
ַ类ѹôãʵѾԸˣΪԴַʧַ֮ҲûùַΪҲûлʹ
Ƿַһֱѹƣþ˰취Ҳ޷ӿ˵ĿƣŵʹͻȻ˺ŵǵħô½ͬʹĳ
ַ֪ͬʱʹǿһ˾ܿƶԷ
˿ַ̣ʹ֮Ѿַѹȫʧȥãţȫںַַã
ӵͬʱһѪǼ߷ԼĿȨ
ַЦˣʹõʹõͬһԴȫһģҵľǸߣҲǿĲֹһΣǲҪνˣֻ·һ
ַ˵꣬ŵǵ
һ룬ŵǵַȫںϣ
ŵʧȥ˶Ŀƣ
ַЦǲǺܺ棿ŵǣǷһȴôңأˣںӵķϣҲ㣬ֻҪҵǸҾͷ㣬ô
´Ҷַ֪֮£Ҷַ֪ǰҲװŲ֪ѡ
С룬԰˵ѹַģʲô
ŵǸǺǡɱҰɣ
ɱ㣿ַ֮гһ˿ǺֱܿĮãҾɱ㣡
ȵȣ˺ŵǣҾɱ˺£
ʱְںµ֮ϡ
Įĵ磬ûãű͵Ϯɱģ˾ˣҲΪġ
һ㶣û뵽»ô˵
ַźһЦĶµãģãһ˶ᣡ
ҲǵЦţлл㣬硭
һᣬ㵱Ҳɱô
Ҫ
ĪֹۣͬҶַ֪еҪԣɱ˺£ַѹôȥַ磿
ʱһԵĻӴ۾ŭۣҶˣҵһɱ㣡
ԴϴץַŵǣΪɱַ磬ַȫһΪ˱Сٻ֮һֱȪָƣȪ״ôã֮з֮֮ѾΪͻƵ˰ת
Ȼ򲻹ۣ˵ŷۣڻҪӷº¾û⣡


438 ŵǵһ
СæΧۣڳ嶯ǽģɱ˺ֻἤַŭңת
һߣŵǳʲô£һŹˣ
һȣѺ½ң
ЩԸĽ½˻
ַЦŶǻ᲻ɱãҲģὫɱ
ŵǣʶʶʲô
ַŵǺƬ
ŵǴЦΪĿԿôʶʶʲô߾磡
ŵǴһйһ
ŵǿһѪͷлԴԴϷעŵǵĽ£ŵ¿򣬶߾硪йһ
йһҪǿٱ
ȻŵǿʹǿһУδˣ˼
ΪҲô
ַЦйһ
ַͬıŵǳ˹ȥ
ŵһû뵽ַҲ߾磡
ŵһһ½ַѹѾˣ
ͬʱʧȥַĿ»صŵֳָ콣ͷл̤̫ͼַ˹ȥ

ַŵǳȥַоԼйһŵǵļٱԿɱŵǣ
ŵǵ۾һˮȣǾһɣ
𣡡
йһײһ˲䣬ŵͷлͻȻ飬л֮еȫŵǵĹ
ַ󾪣оŵǽµ̫ͼͻȻ˰ٱ࣡
Ѿˣ˵йһײһ
䣡
ײһ˲䣬ŵǱǿ֮ǧٿףţ޾ʳƬ
ŵǣ
۽˹ŭ
ַһѣȻһҽ˵صף汻ҳһ׵Ͽȡ
ַո̧ͷһ۳ɵ䵽ԼǰһӨ͸ˮ
ˮַʶȥ֮дһֱĸоַĵףַ粻Ȼ֣ͻȻоԼʧȥһǳҪĶзһʹĸо
ܣѾħҲоˣҸоʹ࣡
ַһѽǰˮ飬ǲ֪ΪΣȴ²֡
ħǲҪģŵҵӣңԲңɱûд
ַȫħɲָ֮侲һ˿ӰԼĶʧӰ١
ַ磬Ҫɱ㣡
ŭ죬һ쳣ϵļŤγһ죬˫۳Ѫ˿ֲ쳣
ŵǣŵǡ
ۿŵµһữɵˮᡣ
ô벻һ𿪿ĵĳУᷢ£
ŵˣΨһĿϣûˣڷ۵ŵһУ
ŵһ۸оʲôûˣȫǳޣַĳޣ
˵֪ôɱţɱˣ㻹ǲˣ
ַվֻЩѺۣûʲôʵʵ˺
ɱţֲţ㼤ʲôۣľÿЦϲţ㲻޳ô
ַ磬ȥ
ʥﾻ
ǷǿľУ
ַ۵ľǶôЦ
Ͽ棬һ¡󿴵һ񽣷һߣţһѪ˱ǿ
缸Ѫ˵ϵĹ񽣣ĿݺݵĴ˵ɨţǵţҳɱˣ
һᣡ
˿۵ǻжЩ
ˣûȥŷۣ˿˹ĵַ磡
˵Ȼˣַ⣬ûܵסۣ
ַϿڷĶӵķۣҲûдȥ׷
ŵˣжܡ
ŵǵĵˣǵȴΪԼ˶
ĴӵߣŵǷһסַ磬Ǽ
ʱҶַƺûˣ
ַŵһսͷһսûˣô˭Ʒ
ַЦţҿû۴ˣһɱϵ۴أɥ֮Ȯһ
˵ɫǳѿ˶֪ζԸַ磡
ַһѽŵǷʹõָ콣
ҸӦĵָ콣ȷʵǿ⽣ϲ
ɣ
ַ翪ʼָ콣ҪȻһ򵥵£Ǵ˿̵ַȴ
ַԽ飬˵߾һ͸Ƶģڸоˣȷˣ
ֻʮӵʱ䣬ָ콣˻ҳʧ
Ϲôûˣ
˶εĸо
ַƯ˵İ֮СǣҵǿҲˣҵֶҲˣǼԹԵ׸ҰɣԺңҴǺɨ½
ôһٶĸһᣬǲϧĻֻ·һ
˼ǰһַ磬ҲҲҪɱô
ַҡͷ㣬ҵ׽㣬װĽ㣬ôɱأˣ£Ҳɱ㣡㷸ٴĴҲɱ㣡
㣿׽㣿
ô£
˶һȻģַһħôĽħŮ
ϢǺεȾˣȻҲŽ˼ħ½ҵˣҵ˻һôǾŮŮŮ
ԣҶж˼ħŮ
أĪǰһ磬ҲߣҪɱô
ַЦѪħɺһĳħ㱾ħǿ£ôɱ㣿
أ磿ǰһҷ㣬᲻ɱң
㡭ַͻȻоһͷʹɵָ콣֮ͻȻһصֱӳַ꣡
ǹص쳣ǿһ¾ͽַ֮ڵħɱһƬ
ַȫ֮ʹǶݵĻָһЩܡֵܡҡҲɱ㡭
ַͻȻԼ֣Լ֮ȥ
Ҫ
˴󾪣
Ҷַ֪ڷŵһ˲ѣַԸɱҲ˺ˣ
һַ̣һƬĮԼͣܿ죬һʹ࣡
ɱңǿɱң
һܿħԿɱң
㣡ȻǶҪ
ַʹĴУ˶ûж֡
ҸܵˣǾŮˣŮԼѹħַָ콣Ҳ˾ŮħԲűѹƣ
Сٻ֪иƨã˲ַ֪ȴ֪ˣ
ŭ֪ʲôãѵܽܽô
СٻܣԼٻǿͿԣΪӡžŮֻ꣡ҪѾŮһϴַڵħԣͻԶʧʹ߾ͻ飬ҲԶʧ
Сٻ취ҴϢҵַʱѵʱʱѹסַʶʶЩϢҴͳȥ
ַһ֮ʱ֣ԵѹһַԵѹһ£ܵ˷ɣֱӲҽһ˯ˡ
СٻᣬϢÿˡ
һ̣СٻҲַܵʶĹ˯ˡ
ڣѾһС
Ĵӵ߶һסˣ
СҲͬһʱȻԤйأԭ
Ĵӵ߶ַ֣֪Ϣ֮һʱĴӵ˹
ȥɣ
ַҪնɱĴӵߣԾ󻼣

һǰȥַ磬ǵþȳ̹ˣ
ȼԼ꣬еܽ⣡
һ̣飬ɻʧ

˭Ҳû뵽ôȻڵõϢ֮Ǿ͵һ˳ȥ
ÿ֮ʱжܶ飡ǺûУΪǵȫԼ
ַֻ磬ַֻ̹һ˳
ԣ֮ǰַ˵ǵþȳ̹ˣ
źʧܽ⣬һõӰڸ߿֮Уַ̾һһһɿ͵ɫַ˿С
С̾Ů
ŮתԴϴζԿħԺѾȳ˯Զˣû뵽⺢ӸԼңƬ̵ѣ
СĵŮ˾Ⱦַ磡
ŮַҵĺӣȻҪȡףǣ
Ůû˵ȴ˿ڣĿŽ˼ࡣ
˼Ůˣҽн˼࣬ϴŮŮ
ţ֪ˡŮԸССԺħ󷨡ɡ
ǣŮˣ
СæԽ˼ллŮˣ
˼ЩȻĵллŮˡ
ŮǾŮУ˼Щ֪ôȥԾŮȻ;Ůûйϵǽ˼࿴ŮһЩζ
ŮŮо˽˼ħѪԲøС̽˼ࡶħ󷨡
ħ󷨡ֻħֱϵѪ˲ſСħҲħĹᡣ
ǵȫҰɣֻһѹסȫȥħֵħԣ
ʣӵ߶е˾Ů
١ӡھŮ𽥻Ƭ֮ͬһõɫӰţĸõӰʼصһʵʻӰ
Զһ֮ȫʧӴԺҲû
ˣԵټ
Ů׼ַ֮ʱħͻȻֶַ
Ѿ˳˯Ľ˾Ů֮ǿѹסԼƣ˳
ŮңΪʲôΪʲôħһϾںϣΪʲô
ЩЩŭŮĳƺǳֶУ
ȻֻǾŮͽ֮ĶԻ˶
ŮʵҲûʲôֻΪħͣһپ½
ôЦħֵӡռ䣬ѵħ˲֪һħռȡħ֮Ϊʲôôռ䣬Ϊ߾ǰ񾳽磡񣿰ܵסħôҸ㣬ҲסʮҲסħֺһǻԵɺϣħӡסħ٣Һַ綼ҷ𣡲Ҫ˵ǧǰ㵽ħħֵķӡͱƻһףôҲ㲻㳬޵еĵҲ㲻ŮҪĽͣ
Ů飬֪ħɱģħֻħԣ
ŭˣôַأĶأɱĶôңŮΪʲôҪΪʲôҪɱԼĶӣ
Ů΢ŭôҪ˭㣡


439 ݣ
ޣŭôѵôõĹôԼĶӶɱ㡭Ůݣ
Ůһɴ߲СڣΪôһжǲɿƵģַϾҺħΨһĺӣɱַ磬ΪҵĲʹô
ʹ̫ЦˡЦ˾ŮĻԼĶӶҪɱǧǰħһЦԼĶӶŹȥЩࣿȥЩϣֱ̫Цˣ
Ůɱַ磬һ±ıޱȡǧǰħһֱڻɣȻΪħΪԼİŮ˾ŮȥôΪЩɵȥѡ̫׳ˣ
ħǾŮģžŮָ֮꣬ħ£˷ǳ˽⣬Ϊ;ħ֮ôԸ˫˫ȥռࣿ
ȻԶŴ̹šŮ洡ȵȶбˡȴ֮ģ̹ԼٵأŮѰ߲ʯԼںϲʯˣιӥ
ǽ֪ŮľܺԶŴȣΪϣħħ˥ͶԾŮĸ֮˻Լô
ʱŮħ֣½˭ܵУħ֣Ķռˣв磡
ħ֮ǿ߸͹ƣħ;Ůȫõħɱ߾ħ磡
ʱŮ񿹵УħҲУħΪ˶סħڣַסڣŮҲַѹħ꣡
һѱ˽ˣۺϵȥйͣ˵ռħΪħ壡
һʵۻɵΪһȺƶȥɱô
ǰ·ҲỳɣΪŮ̹ŴŮһ˾飡ΪԼ
һԼĶӶҪɱ飬Ϊ˺ɵȥԼô
ƨһ붼ܣ
飡ŮҲһħôڶʱҺħôܸϵۺ۽ռĹ򣬵ʱһѣϵۺѾˡһ͡ħһҲ֪ħħǺħħϷӡţȻϵۺ۲֪£ǲԶ֪ǳɱħǣۺϵ񹦴ɾͻֻأһħħħǣʱǾħͻٲҺħҲûиĻᣡô
ħ˲ôôԸѵڵĻӰǲӰôȫʶӰ񣿡
һ¸סˣΪǧǰħ;ŮˣӡֻǾŮĲӰѣ
ŮǾ֮ħǾ֮ħôôǲǽҪ

һƬţŮңô£ǧǰ׷ʲôħʲôң
ŮĵǧǰҺħͼƻһУһħħ½ӭ䣡ʱħֺħѪͻתƵһϣȻħֵħԾͻȫǸ˵꣬һħǸ֮壬ħħ֮壬ͻΪϵħ֮塭
Ц֪ˣǸ˾ǷۣΪħٽʱ½ǿ߶ܸӦħ½ǿǿ߾Ƿۣ۵ϵ˰֮壬Ҳϵ۵ĴߣʱһħһħֵħѪټħ֮ջ˭ܳܵջټܵľħ۾ͻΪһħ
ŷ۱ħֵħԿƣȥ磬һħǣʱħħħǹλħռݷ۵壬ɾϵħ֮壡ֲħֲֻħԻôǿԭͼƻˣһУΪ˸ħ
ŮЦܵľħ¶һЩĺܲ
Ȼ֪һЩ飬Ǹоǳңңǧǰ࣬ңħΪʲôҪѡΪʲô
ðɣȻѾµˣЩʼҪ֪ġŮ½֮ڣħͨ࣬κﶼӲֻأҺħЩۺϵҲͬʱڵЩЩ߸ϵǶڵЩЩףЩİӲֻأ
겻𣬾Ҳ䣡ǵҲΪǵдСװˣҲչˣ޷󣬶ǵ˼ޣҲͻ֮󣬾ͻֻתǽֻǵʼջ˥ߡ
룬Ϊ߸ϵףֻ֮ͨأתͶ̥֮ǻΪʲôǧ磬С磬ȥֻΪһķˣֻΪһһľǵļᱻӵеһжᱻᣡֻأǶӲ洴ʼߵĹû˿ֻһ˵
ΪʲôҪڤ磿ЩҺħ⣬ΪڤͻֻأǴˡ
ΪڤͿԳɱ񣬻ҺħҲɱֻܷӡӡǡʼʱ򶫷ĵظ꣬Щ֮ûй鴦ȫʧתͶ̥ĻᶼûУڤĻὫԼ׵Ļ·вֻܷͨ
֪ҪĳҪΪܣҪΪ̫ܵˣҪԴ֮һ֣֮壬ħ֮ǳ֮壡֮дûгֹһԴ֮壡ûһĳΪܣĳ
Щ߸ϵ飬ÿһ˶׷κ鶼Ǹƣνħսννռνκ˵־˵ֻһЦΪƽȵļ⣬Ķϣ
ǣҲǲģߵĸ߽һ䣬һֻأһһżΪǶ֪ԼĴޣ֪һҲһֻأ
ܿ죬ħĴ޿쵽ˣħҲħҲʧȥİˣԣǼ֮ڣѰְ취ֹħ䣡ûκΰ취ֹһеķ
ǣǽĿ궢棡ҪĹάǵǵԽǵǾͻԽǿǵͻԽҪĹ
֪ǧɣûгֹһܣΪǵ̫ˣĳ״̬νĴܶˣԣǽ취һӵ㣬ռ崦ĵطҲ澧ڣֻҪ澧ھͿԵһ棡Ҳ֮ħǸ棡
֮ͨ󣬱ɳۺϵȥħ̸УǶԷ̸ܾУԷʲôû˵͵ǲǵ棡ʱҺħ֣ħͬУǣʱħĴѵ
Ϊֹħ䣬ǿзֻԼħˣϵۺ֪ħѵҲ֪֮ʱһңۺϵǧħ磡ħǶģʱǻħʱ
ûҵΪǧȻǾ֮һֱ׷еǶۺϵ۴ֻһ˵еĴڣϵۺۣټҺħమǾĳ裡繥ħ˵쾭壬˳Ӧԣʱۺϵ۾˳Ľħ磡
Ҳû뵽ǣۺϵԼħԸǣԾΪ̹塢ۡϵ۶ԿҺħֿħӵħǣħħ֮˴౻ɱħӡھʮŲ޾ԨӡھĽأռ̹˺ħս֮ռ֮ȡ
Ϊ˵ֿҺħˣħѵʱħõˡħһħΪ˲ˡħһħʱˣټϴڼ˥ħһ߻ħȻħõӳ˭Ҳû뵽ħ
ħħǺεȿ£˭Ҳסħɱ¾ħǾ½һħܿڵħԣ񲻳ΪЦħʱǿѹסڵħԣеħԱƵħ֮ڣħַӡħֵ֮ͨͱħħ֣ħеħԶħ֮ڣ
ħħ־ħħħַӡ֮󣬽ħħħǣ֮ҺħγԼһξѪȥѰһӵдԵ֮ˣһħ·⵽Χɱӵħ½ʱħ½ĸ֮ؾҵĵ̣˳񣬽ѪҵĺɽΪѹƾѪħԣԼӡ˾Ѫ֮ڣǧ֮ȵǸӵдԵˣҲڵַ磡
ַΪˡ
ħħַӡסͨħħ̫ǿҲֽħħһѹħԡΪӱϵۡۺ׷ɱҺħѡ֮ʱ˿ռ֮Ծ壬ռռ֮ϵĿռӡռ䣡ռ֮ңҺħԼ²ΰжǣҺħ֮󣬿ռ֮ҲѡԼϵĿռӡռ䣡ΥµռĹ޷ռ䣬Ҳ޷ħӡԣûɱħֺͻ
ļƻҶ֪ħ˹⽫ҴɾŽڣô£
ŮûȷҺħļƻ㸨һħɳΪ飬һħ޷Ԧʱһɿסһħǵļƻð׷ô˵֪ǵļƻ֪µһܣ㻹ȥôɾŽһħȥѰҲǶһħĥһӳ˯֮ѵĻһҵһħȻҪǽϴˢħֵħԣ
ħһħֱӡ޾֮֮ףռ̹֮ˣħ̹˺͵һħһӡҲ㱣ס̹ѪһĿģΪ˽̹ħֵħԡ
ڶħϼӡ֮أʱħһӡΪħħһħֵħԳħһħħֵħȻٺܶࡣ
ħַӡ޾֮޾֮ħħʣ˷ӡ棬ǧǰħħˣħȡħλãħˣЩͽӡЩϴˢħֵħԡ


440 
ħַӡǵﴫ˵һµĲȱġɷħƿ˾ɷ󣬾ȳĶħԿ֮ħһ˵ħػǵΪħȥħ֡
ħַӡȪ棬ΪȪħֵħԣȻǧħֵħԵȷ࣬ѾûħԣħԲûȫԣħͻ϶Ϊһںϣħ١
ħǧǰѾźõģħֵħûбħԵĻʱħ»ٴγħԣΪ˷ֹһ㣬Ҫһв𡭡
ЦˡŮħ˭ţҶţĶõӣҲõӣħһжΪ˲ħ䣬Ϊħɾʹܣ֮ħٰɾʹܣ
ĺúݵĻúݵֶΣ
ŮЦôħһѹߣʹõĹߣҪΪӵʶһˣʼֻһѣǾ½һҲ㲻ĳΪһˣ㣬Ҿܻ㣡
ЦңڵܻôǿЦ
ħͻȻһ
ŮЦҪɱң˵ΪɱңҲɱңôɱңַڵħ˭ʱе˶Ҫ
޳ܵŮˣô᲻ɱĶˣ
ӣֻҺħһξѪѡǺǣʵҲû뵽ҵĶħ֮壬ǳ֮壬ôɱأʱħ֮һپͿԳΪܣ
ôŭַ֮һὫеļƻַ磬ҿıܵóô
ǿЦҸҽе鶼㣬ѵһ˵ôΪôôΪַôһһȫҵĶӣԼһֵԼĶӣ˵Ҷӻ㣬ǻң
ַȻǳŽ飬ǽѾǧǰħսѾַ磬塢̹˶õ֤ʵŮĻӰҲħս࣬ڽҪƷԼ˵ĻҪƷŮ̹˵һУַͲţ
ŮҺħĲ߻һκ˶벻ģҺħ֮վǾ֮ʱ飬㻹ǹԹԵԼıְɣħΪܣ׷ħɨ磡
ħһɨ½Щ£оþòƽϢǽ־ãȻħ£ħһֱԼһһŮ˵ģħֻһѣֻһȽĹ߶ѣ
ǣַȴѾħԼõѣõֵܣεˣ
Ȼַֻж̶ʮַ꣬ͽ黹Сٻ֮˴˶Ը⸶ȥԷ
һ㣬ħԲħǲܸȥ飡
뵽ַΪԼߵˡˡѡֵܣΪ˱Щ˶Ը⸶Լ
ַߵֵǶΪַҲԸԼ
Ȼ̫ø飬Щַĵɢ֮ʱʵĸо
ħһֻܸоħԾŮĳģֻܸоһ飬ĸ飬顢ֵ飬֮ĸ飬ЩħϸûУ
ħһ飬Ѫˣ
鲻òϣַıһֱˣһרһˡ
ʼʶַʱַֻһƶͨˣƣΪάƶİƶĵƦåܣһδεıƶİƶΪƶ
ַ磬˺ܶ飬ַʲô£Ķߵˣںˣ
ַĿľΪ˱ƶ˲۸ŰЩƦå仨ˮ
ڽ鿪ʼ˵ַʹ֮ʱַҲǲмһˣ
Ϊַ뱳ʲôʹڴΣյɱ֮Уַϲ
ǣַ֮ʱַµĿ꣬ѰԼĸַյҪħ½ҵԼĸ
Ϊ˱Ϊ˱ַյ㡣
ʲôĴ𣬾ַͲģ
Ǻַ֪Լĸħ;ŮɱŮħϵۺַۣµʹ
ߣַİŮݼϵ۷ˣַһҪȥݼ
ƺĳּѵľѾַ磡Ҳħ
Ϊַѣֵܣһһѹߣַ磬һѪ⣬
Щ͹ˣ
Ůֵ飬ҺħĲ߻һκ˶벻ģҺħ֮վǾ֮ʱħΪ½һܣ
ЦŮ㲻ҪˣħľԼĶӶɱҲΪܣ̫ЦˣӵԴ֮壬ҲܳΪܣΪܵһ¾ľ
ôŮֻһѣƾҲ֪ôΪܣ
Цǲ֪ҵħһܣ֮½ŮĻӰӰ֮ɢŴܵϢҲµûĻ̹ŴŮ洴ϹʱڵͳΪ˴ܣûдܣпЩϹ֮Ѿ˴ܣǡ
ǾӵԴ֮ҲܳΪܣΪܲҪӵļޣҪļޣһ϶ƮľɱԼĶӣܳΪô
ŮΪȻ־׷֮⣬ʲô鶼ҪֻһѣԶܵ־磬˵ȥҲûκ塭
õӰóһûַüġ
ŮѸٵϴˢַ֮ڵħԡ
ַǽѣоԼع鵽ĸ׵Ļһ̹
ܿ죬ַ翴˾ŮĻӰԼڣӣĸȫΪϴȥħԣĸ׵˯֮ڣֻȥħҵ㸸׵ħħǣܽĸ׸мǡ
ַ;Ůĸ״ˣ˵͸״˶Ը
ǵģֻҪľ磬ȥħǣʱͿԸҺ㸸ס
𣿡
Ů֮Ͼۣ֮߾磬Ͱɣӡ
ȻŮĸףַȴܴӾŮϸܵĸָоǳǿңڿַȥܾŮַĸס
ַҲˣŮԼΪַϴˢħԣֻĸ׵ĲŻΪԼ
ַΪŮħΪԼַҲһҪǸ
ħڱȫַоһˬ
ַһģŮԼһɣ
ţַԼħ֮һ档
ŵǣ
Լɱŵǣ
Լһδεŵأ飡
ŵ֮ʱһᣬǶôľ
ŵǵסԼôӵ߶
ŵʶ֮ɽꡭ
ָ֮ۺҸʼձʹַ࣬ŵǸոΪݸ齥ͻ֮ʱַȴɱŵǣ
ַ޷ʵԺ޷ȥԼĺӣ
ַϢǳңʼɢ

֮ǰ־ȻıǾ仰þõַԺص
ַ磬ǵһҪȳ̹ˣ
Ը񺩺ڽ̹Ů֮½һֱַ磬ڸСħ½֮󣬸С˵գʱ˵һ仰Ϊ̹壬ҺһҲԸ⣡
鷢ʱ򣬺ҲǵһˣԥѡԼ
ַ쳣ʹ࣬׸СеĴ١
ַܵæַ磬һжĴڰ˳ɡ
ַŭţôڰ˳䣡ŵΪҶΪҶôԵǣȥԴң
̾һַ磬ֲܣ
ַ磬ħ˶û뵽ģħ֮£ı⣬㱻ħʹŻ᷸´޹ء
һ޹أɵʼɱġ飬㲻ðοˣԼһ˾һ
ַ˵꣬Զȥ֪ôȥԸСˣ֪ôȥÿһˡ
ַ磬Ҫʹˣɱŵǣڷʧܿܶߵ֣ܵס۵ֻһҪʹҲԣҪҲԣǲʧȥǣ㻹ǰѸСսǬپȳСѩ֮㰮ôôɡ
ôһ˵ַʱֻ࣬Լ־ַһԭԼ
ַС˵ķȥ
С˿ַ˹ͣ
û˵ֻǾĿַ硣
ŵǵֻΪַϧضôŵЩжǵˣں˶ϾѾˣҲ֪ⲻַĴ
ħַԾģ
ûַ磬Ҳûжַ緢ÿ˶ַε
ǴԽַоԽζ
ҽַһ٣һ٣ַлһЩ
Сַ磬ѾˣҸӦʶһֱڴ˵ͣԣر֤ҵİȫ
šַͷչ˺ú¡
±ˣַħ֮Ӱ쵽˺µħԣµǳȶֻܽʱơ
սǬַʶȣȴûзַ۵Ӱ
ַ֪Ҫҵ۲ף۲һа취ʶ̽⡣
ַڲŷԼľѾﵽһԼ޷Ħľ硣
˿ַ̣Ѿޱ޼ʣޱ޼ʵǿգǵ֮ϵһֻһôС
ħħѾͣ޾ĺڰַ֮ڣħֵ֮ҲһֻСһ㡣
ַ֪ԼԼħ֮ʱħһֱӴӵ˶ԼѾչޱ޼ʣҲǴܾӵе꣡
ħħҲתƵ֮Ҳûһų⡣
ַѾޱ޼ʣһС϶̡
ַһޱȾ޴ȱڣȱһɫһ㣬
ַʧһǣַޱ޼ʵȱҲ漴
ַŽһİȱ֮ȱ֮޾ֱ֮ӽһ㰵ɵӰ١
ʲôַ粻֪ЩܵȥˣַҲ֪Сٻ֪
ַоԼȱڶԼӰ죬Ժ϶ӰԼΪ
飬ʲô磿
ѾΪ˴ܵľ磬Ϊǳľ磡

ַϲ


441 ߰ɡ
ĵ㲻Ҫ˵̫磬֮ڵԼͰǴеСһ˽ȫߣʱʲôûˡ
ַ粻ΪȻĵУħֶѾǽҲȫҿƣڲҵôôħҲôʲôҸħʱҵľΪҵô
ޱصĵַ磬ҪңЩȻǿ󣬵ʼղֻԼô˸Ķһ͸ˣģʼǱ˸ģƾԼŬȥȵĶģĶ˭Ҳòߣ˸ģȨȥߣַ磬һҪҵģȻԺһڵġ
ַóǳغ࣬ЩַʶôãûзֹСģ˵ʧ̬
ַһ㶣飿ǲ֪ʲô˵һô
ǺǡҸ㣬ħ;ŮҪ㣬ħսֻһƭô
ַסˣû³ô
ţŹַ֣һħսҵģСٻҲ֪˶֤ŮĻӰҲ࣬кܶ˶֤ŮħҲҵĸôܺأ
ַȻô˵Ǹܵ˽˵ģ
ټ٣ټ棬Ҳ֪ˣʲôǶʲôǴҲֱ治ˡ


ȥ߽ھħˡ
̾⻹ĵͷһأ
һųԼܣٴΣնһüͷǴ˿̣ȴǰ̾ء
ѵ˵ģŮħҪң
ַЦҡͷַ粻Ž飬ַҲȥţʵ֤˵Ĳģ
ַһ㣬ԼԼģ
һ㣬ý˵ַԼǰ֪ڽһٶǿôַҲ׼Լ
ڻʱ򣬵ȾȳСѩˣٺҵ㡣
ҪģַѰҷۣ۾һʱըһ㣬Էħ½ڳַ磬˭ҲǷ۵Ķ֣
ͻȻַо޹֮ս죡
ã
ַ˻޹ȡ
ʶһַ翴˷ڻ޹ɱǶʮ
ۣ
ַҧгݣļ١
Լ˳ʲô£ַһԭԼ
ַӶڤħƴķУ˿ַ̣޲Լٶܴﵽ١
ʮֳַ֮
ֳһƬ𺣣ʮһ
ռ䶼һɹⱻսĽζַ
ʦ衭
סʮ塭
ַƲסԼ˹ĺš
ַ֪˶ˣַʶһɽҲ˵ټ
ַһ´ӿе£˵ϣȫ
һţû
һţһ
ַʶڱصʬ֮Ѱ㻹˵ʬ壬ǿֻһƬƬ
ͻȻַҵʦͳı

ܵģ

ַ緢һ˻һ쳣ļ
ΪʲôΪʲôΪʲô
ַͻȻʹԼԼΪʲôҪʦַȥСѩˣ֪Ҫõʱ䣬ͳЭĶʮ
˵Դֱֱȥǧһ϶ìܲϣҪЩͳһŽҪʱģԣַͳ˭Ҳû뵽ᷢ£
ûˣҲûˡ
ַʹ֣ովʧȥŵǺͺʹ࣬Ҫʧȥ˺˵ʹ࣡
ַڵΪǳߣ˵ַڵΪκθѾӰ쵽ľҶԼľĵҲ
ַ粻ַͬ粻Щǧ꼸ǧϹЩϹﶼ׺ɣѾİٶ֡
ַΪľȻߣĥЩϹľţһë
ԣַʹ࣬ģᣡ
ŭһַ磬ôʹô㻹£´СܵʹʹҪǧ򱶣Ǻֻ֪֪ĺʹֻʹ˾һ㣡ȥ׷ۣ
ַסԼҪŮ派Ѫͻ޹ȵϵѰҷ۵䡣
ַֻ޷ܣΪַһʧȥˣ
ַһִʮ̹֮ĵӡַҲַںˣ
ܿ죬ַ޹ȵĳڷȥ
޹ȸֻһڣӳȥˣҪҷ۾ˡ
ַ磬ڤħ𣬷ۿ϶Ӳַģ
ۣӣ

ֱַӿ򣬽۾˽ȥ
۴󾪣û뵽ַôҵԼû뵽ַ򣡷ַ֪ħ֮ԼѾַĶ֡
ڷ֮󣬷뿪ɽ·޹֮ʱ˶ʮҲû⣬ֻ
λǿʶۣȥ۴˸кڷ۵ѯ֮£֪ҵˣ
ַҵˣͻȻɱĴ˶ûз֮£ɱ䣡
۵ΪǸ߽װ񣬼ңЩαڷ۵һ㣡
ûӵʱ䣬۽ɱһɶЩ涼Ź
۱һɱ֮ˣȫҲûʲôǷ۰ŵǣַɱŵǣԣ۷Ҫɱַߵˣ
ʮɳ˷µĵһ꣡
ⳡѪȫҵλǿģλǿ߶Է۲кģһжᷢ
˿·Ϊħ½ˣϵ۵ĴˣкǶԶԷò𾴣
˭Ҳû뵽ԶԷò𾴻ɱ֮
ܶ˶֪ʲô£һַƽ˾һ޾Ĺ֮˵
۱֮󣬻˸ǰЩϤĳ󾪣ǵ
û
ַӰһڷ۵ǰ
ǵﻹûһ꣡ҾҪĵһ꣡Ҫڵ
۴󾪣񣡣
˿̵ַ磬ȫɢϢ˫Ŀ죬·ַ˲Ϣ䣬ĴһĹǺɭޱȡ
ۣһһɱĸףɱҸףɱʦɱˣɱҶʮˣҪĥ㣡ĥ㣡
۲ûжַ֣֪һַĵǲֻ֣Щ
Цַ磬㲻ҪǣҾһҺŵðΣȥȡȪˮڻڴأ֮Զβãħ½ȡȪˮ˳ң˶㽫ԶһˣѵҪô
ַңҳϣǷһݶ飬ǷģΪڻ˵ôɱôˣһݶٰɣʮ˵˰ɣڣҲǷģҲǷҵģֻɱ㣬ô򵥣
۴޳ܣôΪʲôɱˣɱŵǣɱӣ㻹ô㣬Ҿл㻹˼ɱңɱŵǣһɱôҵĶܣ
ܣ
ַĴ֮һ
˵һû۱һ֮ˣַɱŵǣŵڻŵĻַͷֵܣǺѣ
ۼɱŵǣҺֵܸӴ˾ѣҶôŵҲ֪ɱҲΪôɱңΪȥĸĸҵ˱ֻ㱨𣬾ͲұôҸ㣬ҪӳȥҳȥԺһɱйϵκˣֻҪѣֵܣˣҶɱһɶΪҪŵǱ𣡣
ַĬˣһϣ۵ԸַǳɱҵˣҾնݳȫң
ַ絽ڻ֪ԼŵǣŵǱԼɱˣַеǳʹԭԼ
ַǰŵǵģǾûз۰ŵǰ
ΪۺŵǵĹϵ۲źֵַܣַҲϣԼͷ۵ֵܸûкĪƺͺ
ΪŵǱ쾭壡ŵǱɱˣ۲ȥǻǷô
㷽۲û
¹˭ַʣԼԼħ
Ȼַħ䣬һжַԿƵģַɱŵһʵ
ַ˺ܾúܾãڿˡ
߰ɡ
Ȼߣ֪ߵĻԺҽΪĵˣǲݵĵˣ
ʵûַҪŹԼȻŵѾˣַɱԼӲȥԼȥŵˡ
ַ絭ĵŵǵķϣһ´μ棬ǽǲݣҸ㣬ħ½ѾûҵĶ֣Ӳҵģ
Ц֪ߵĻΪһħ½𣿾ɡ
ַ˵ŷ۳ȥ
֮ǰַַ磬ȥеĿռ䣬ҽ᲻һɱ㣡ϣܻϾ磡
ַҲɱۣܡ
Ϊ˸ŵǱ´ԴͷԼǷۡ
˵ˣ۵ȷȹԼһ㣬ַ粻ǣַ粻һˣ
ַһʼգԣַ˷ۣ´μ棬ַԲ
ַֻص˻޹ȣ˵ʬƬռȻƬַʶͨѪӦֱܷЩ˵ʬк
ռַ֮罫ʣµʬƬ˵ģַҪȥҵء
ΪַȥӪСѩǡ
ɽַһ·У½սҲϣʮ죬ÿ춼ܿĸ໥ɱ˴ľת
ħ½Ѿˡ
Ѿûˣַ粻½ˣЩַûһȤ
֮ǰַ½ȫҸҵ˱𣬶Ҫͳһ½Ϊҵ˴ȥ
κھԵ֮¶Ц
ַҪȥ½ƾһ˵ͿԽһУ
ַ粻룬ҲûбҪ
ǣַص֮ѾһƬأеĽﶼѾݻ٣ɽķصرըһϿȡ
һжѾڣ
˭ģһҪǸۣ
ħ½ĸʥ֮ǣ
ԣ֪ʥ֮󣬴½׷ɱʥĲԱʥľַ֮󣬽һдݻ٣Һҵأ
ַǲ½Եģ£Ѿ׵ļŭַ硣
ɱҲͰˣ˼أ
ַ㽫ҵ˲ǬǬ԰ȫ棬ַһĹͻᱻը
ַ磬ҪʲôСٻ΢ŭ
ַ㲻˳˯ô
ǳ˯ô󶯾ܲô
ַѾɽһըһӣ
ַ罫¸Сٻ
ðɣɡ


442 ջ
ˣַͷݡ
衭Ȼ㲻ҵĸףĸ׻Ҫףʦħ½ǽң֮ﰲ꣬ǣҸûкúñǡ
ʦͽТͽԶ𾴵ʦʦģһ˼ұ𣡡
ףʮ壬Բ𡭡һ֮Իͣͳһħ½ԶĳΪħ½ҲûҺǣˡ
ַᣬԱߵĶţҲ档
ʦʦĸǷģҺַһǱ̵Σϵ۴˾ǸƨһὫж˿ʦʦĸ
ʦʦĸве꣬һ·ߺãҺͷһɱ硭
ˮᣬݼʦʦĸߣ㣡
ĪʱַߣҲȥ
磬ĳֵǵĳ۷ʲô£ֵǶߵģ
С˶鶼ǳأ׷׹ݡ
Ҷַ֪粻֪ˣʱ򣬴Ҷַߣǻεð취
ַ֪û˹Լ
ʱſ޿䣬ȻҶˣл꣡Ȼɱˣһ˵飡ԣл꣬Ǵڵȥ˾磬Ϊﵽһľ磬ҵʵ
ַͳӡõĴƿ֮񣬵ȷԿȥ֮˵꣡
ַǬʩչطǣط
ۣ֮
ַ簴մм俪ۣ֮һۣ֮ͿԿƯڿռ֮еꡣ
ܿ죬ַʶ֮£ռƮɢٸ꣬ЩʶĿƮɢš
Щֻ꣬ڤ˲ܿŵ龳鷨ʦҲҲܲ
ȥ֮˵κ˶ģڤ˳ո꣬Ҳǿģڤʱ޿̵ĳκοռ䣬ȫκιƣڤһڻ˵Ŀռ䣬ǱǴռƽռ䣬ǿҲܲˣҲǣ
ͻȻмӵϢԱߣеһĺɫոЩꡣ
궼ԹԵЩ˵СЩصһҲǹԹԵıЩ÷ɡ
ҪߣЩӵɱ飡ɢ
ַ罫ѶϢ飬æʵ飬Щʲôˣ
ЩǵظġջΪջߣЩרŽȥظЩ꾭ָ֮תͶ̥
У
ǵģÿ궼ᾭйٵУ߽ͣжһֻءȻЩ֮ˣͻµظʮ˲֮ĥ֮򣬲תĻᣬȻЩʮ֮ħԶıӡڵ֮У
ܿ죬ַͨǣطҵ˳Ļǣûҵκ˵ꡣ
ַףѾҵȫ걬飡ҵתͶ̥ĻᶼûУ
ַչȴһջ֡
λջ߿ַ磬һȻĸŵģ
ջַ߽統˵ظˣȻջǿ˵ģֻصĹԣջ߲Ϊַǵظˡ
ַȴһ⣡Ϊһ
ַһۣ֮ͿԿЩˣЩ˵ȻԿַ硣
ַҲջߣҲǵظˣһ˵꣬Ҫˡ
ջߵĿɨһַɨһǸˡ㡭ôܿң
Ҳ˵ôһѵܲϵô
찡һˡ
ջһļУԶջȫ˹
£Ҫꣿ
Ļջߵ졣
ǣҺҪи㡣
ǺǡЦҵи㣬ÿ˵ֻض֮ʱģǱȥظҪȻЩռ֮ھͻɢÿˣÿץˣǶм¼ģǻȥҲûа취
ַЦǲ뽻ɣÿռ䶼йϵô͵˵Ѿɱ˲ͳˣ
£Ϊã걻ɱ˾飬Ҹ㱨걻ɱˣô˵־ͻᱻȥԣ㲻ǴȻˣȻˣʼǻû˵֣޷תͶ̥Ǻǣ
ַЦѾ񾳽磬ҾȻǣҲܻǧ꣬ߣ㲻ҪǣһȻûתͶ̥ҳɳҪתͶ̥ĻҲʲô°ɣ
Ǻǡһûдӵе̫СˣҶ򲻹ΪʱѾǧԺˣҲʱǸתͶ̥ܱ֤ǧôûв´Ļڵľ޷޷ĵҸ㣬ĵԿõı꣬Ҳ룬ϵôĵҲɣȥǺǡڵϼѡ
ַܵԷΪɢӴȷַ޷ģַǳȣһջߵ춼ôǿ
ַѾ˳ľ磬ȻظһССջ߶򲻹
˻棿
λ˵ַôǺĸ׺ʦ
ЦҵΪߣǿһϣɱˣбҪϻôУ˵ûʲôʧǵйϵô
ַЦȻûйϵΪθ˵ôࣿ
Ϊɢ֮ߣǿһˡĲܣߣʱˣĳΪ֮ǵ鷳˵ǲʵ飬ǵ޷תͶ̥ʱɱЩҲ׾٣ܲô
ַ粻һĻЩͶɱˣɱһ־ҲŹǡ
ַɫЩȻʦĸףǾȲˡ
ʱ磬֪ĺ⣬ӣܺͬҲûʲôźȥɡ
ӣĸ֮ҪúչԼԵתȻټ
衭ʦ
ͳ꣬£ģȥ֮һϴˣλ˼ڵظһ£ҲתͶ̥ʱΪ֮󣬽λӹȥͺãʱɿһžۡȻʱɲҪһֵܣҽ޻ꡣ
лֶ֣ա
ˡֵַɱЩƮɢ꣬᲻ǵظĹ
޻Ц⼸͵ȿռ꣬ɱɱɣԽ࣬ǵĹԽ٣Ҹл㻹ءɱ˾ɱˣǵ־Ҳ˵ʲôȻȥ˾磬ͲҪɱ꣬ɱ꣬ۡϵۺʮˣǵ˾ҲбģɱˣʱϺܴ鷳
š
ַرۣ֮ջʧ
ַµĿ꣬Ϊ񣡺ĸʦžۣ
ߣַҲһ·ǿۣ֮ɱЩƮɢ꣬Ǻε֮죡
ַǬ˼죬ƺȶԼԼľ״̬
ַȥСѩˣҵ¼ٽ
ַǰɽ;ҵλǿߣλǿصĴŽһҵǰɽ
һ˶׷װɵˣλʮתһŵαһû˸ҵǵȥ·
ַ䣬ס˵ȥ·
ʲôˣ
λǿ߷ˣ׷һһϲ
Ц٣ȥɽ㣬û뵽㡣
ң
𳽵ǣǰãǱ޹ȣҵЩɵĶʮȫڻ޹ڣʱ飬뽫ҵҲڻ޹֮ڣûҵˣǣǾȵˣǰɽٺϵû뵽ˡ
ϲȥ޹ȣǿ϶֪޹Ѿûˡ
ַЦЩҲùɣ
ǵڴ½ɶɱҵˣǶأҪڣˡȥҲǰ취ٴдһ·ǰɡ
ΪʲôҪǣɳԸô
𳽵٣ǰ֮䷢ʲô£ҺѪֵܣκζԲҵ£ʼҵѪûаҸϾɱڵϣٰһѰɡ
Ǻǡǲǽ˻޹ȣ޽ǸϾɱô
𳽵£Ǹˣǵļƻǵʱ飬ٲӦȻǿʱǲڣҲҺǿսӦĻضҵλǿҲڳһͬ⣬϶Ϊǣ
ַЦ֪ʲôǵ˼ֻҪҵλǿߣ˵ĹϵǳֻҪǿ϶ӦǣǺǡ
ַ˵ûǿ߾ôġ
ðɣҲ֮ˣȻǣҾʹȥɣ
ַҪȥɽǷ˳·Ƕһʱ䡣
˻޹ȣλǿߵϢַεԣַˣʲôĻλǿ߾ͻһʱַɱ
ǣǲ֪˿̵ַѾǰǸַ磬˵ΪʮҲַĶ֣
ַ罫˻޹еǣɻˣ
ַĻ䣬ܴ𶯣ʮĻ˳˹
٣Ҫʲô
٣
٣ǳˣȻɱ㣡
һʱ䣬ܲҽ𣬶λҵǿ߿޷ֵİޣ̲סַͬʱ֡
ַûж㣬ҲûλǿߵĹһ˿ĴַϣǿַվԭأֻǽַĽըһ޴Ӷѡ
ַӶڤħ𣬷ڿУЦҲɱңǿЦ
Ǻ˴󾪣û뵽ȫϻȻ˲٣
Ŀֽ֣е٣˿ˣɱң
ˣȥ棬Ȼҵ˵ģ㲻òģ
֮һ𳽻Ӧͷ­Ѿʧһ߸ʬ
ºӣӭ˼ޣ˺Ƭ
ҵˣַ飬ĸ׺͸Ҫᣡ
ַһ˽ܲ


443 Ů
ոսϵĵ̣ٸ֮Χ
Щ˶ûȫΣ඼ףǧٹ֡
˶޷ΪˣֻЩѪ͸ߵ֮˲ܻΪˡ
Ȼĳ־磬ѧϰĳֻι߻εĵҩҲԻΪˡ
Ǻܶ˶ϲΪˣΪԺ֮ܶ˵ǵĵˣΪǵĳ裡ΪߣҲֻлΪܼΪҲŻΪˡ
֮κǵһĽ׶֮ҪѡΪˣΪ壬ĸ߽׹ҲֻܳЩת
ӵһʨͷĹַܵɢǿϢĵΪ£
˶֪һ޷ͨ޹ȵģֻҪܴӻ޹ȹˣһΪߣҵ
ߣǰһȱ˼ǿ䱸֮ɳһ߽ޡ
Ǵϣͨ
ЩСඣַûжֵȤߣ֮£϶ǴϰΪЩ˸֪顣
ʨ˵ֹܲκ룬»ڴ˵Ⱥͨ
ʨ˷ǳ˸ҹһǰ壬϶̣д˻㱨ϡ
㱨ǳ򵥣ֻɢʶ֪ͨˣܿ죬Ϣ˴ϵĶ
Ǻǡ
һЦ߸ĸǰ֮
ַһˣЩԻ
ַ磬Ҫ㣬㾹Ȼǰ
Ȼ˵ϲû֣Էĵϸ˵
ַЦϻ˵콫ҵȫҪȻҾͲˡ
ϴЦôȻ첻ܸоΪǣ㲻ҪǣܲԹԵĽŮ派Ѫҿ㲻
Ҳû֣Ϊַ֪иǬһ˸ҹǰ˭֪˶ˣ
ǰɣҾɱȥˣ
ַڵΪȷûбҪʹϷϻ
ֱַӿ򣬽Ϻ߸˵
ַ֮رֻоǰͻȻһǰʹϵȫʧ
һ˽Լ򣬲ͬȼϵ飬޷ȷλã
½޾ַֻ֮ܽħΪܴƽĿռҵλãټϵʱݼŮŽħƿһȱڣַܽȥ
֮УַһħһڵϿգϵȰ˶ľֺͲš
ַ磡ʲôط
ַЦĵǰҲԶڴ˵أ

ϵ˴󾪣ͬʱɢǿ빥ַ磬ǵǵոɢΧһİɫ·ǵס˲ɵһɶ
ǰ˸Ҫˣҵĵ̣ǰ˸ֻǰֻ϶ѣ
ַĻ䣬֮նϷΧ߸ʬ
ַֺ顣
Ŀ֮ȫǾ֮ɫֱ治ַʲôΪ
ɱ߸߽α񣬳ַΪѾǸ߽飡
ռǲָ߽飡߽޷һռַǸ߽ĻǴ²ռ
ϴμַʱ򣬸ַΪ񾳽綼ôһ߽飿
ѵ²ַͻ˼ʮλô
ϲţǰȴһʵ
ַ翴ž겻ĴϣҲɱãŮʵһ㽻УõĻҾͻԭ㣬ˣʲô߸³
ַ˵꣬ų˴ϣʹһ塣
ǰУַĸں棬ַûϢϣȻ´ϻˣʲô
ҲַֻܰĻȥ
ַһصĵ￴˱СѩСèСˡ
ֻǱ˷ӡѺҡϲûж̡
ְ֡
硭
СѩСèС塭˼ˣܿˡ
Сè͵ְ֣ʵ㲻Ҳû£ȻǣҲ˺ǣϾδһȻͷǣֻǣҲûΪǣٺ٣ҿɲŴģЩǿûáʵأ˵ǲģҪʲôԵĺȵܸǣٺ٣ʵ⼸Ļ
ַǺðɣɡ
СèæҪҪְһǣĳǿɶ
Сè˵ţݺݵĽһ߷ڵء
һ﷭ȷ黹졣
СѩʱŭŴϣô󵨣Ϊϣ㾹Ȼһ񣡸룬ʥŮ֪
һ¹ڵϣţλˣôĵӣ⡭⡭
СѩŭȣҪ֧֧ģ˵ô£
ַϢ亹ֱ˵ʲô֧֧һֶ˵
ΪȻЩʧأַԿƵѹҲŵ亹ֱ
ֻ˵й
Ҫ˵ͻȻһޱϵ˹
߲ϼ£ͷɫڣһžտɵߵ
Ů
Ůǰһ
μŮˣ
ǳҲЩĺ¡
ɡ
лŮˡ
ŮĿǴַɨ֮дһȻ֮ĿͣСѩϡ
ˣ˺ʥŮˡ
Ůǳƽ
СѩŮÿ˵Ů˲ǱչôôпճôʱǺǡ
Сѩ⡣
Ůǰһȱ٣ұǰأŶͨ˴壬Ҿͳû뵽λˣλΪλڴϵ֮У
ŶСѩһ˿Ϊ˲ǣŮǲ֪ˣĴϰɡ
æڵϣŮҳıӵʥŮˣֻõӡǹ壬⣬Ůˣˡҡ
ʲôŮ󾪣˵ʲôλˣ㡭㣬Ҳ
Ůܻô˴£
Ůȫ
ϼæ󣬡ŮˣˡҰɣ֪ˡ
ŮһֱڱչأС֮ȫ㴦˴治֮£ñˡôΪʥŮˣ·ϣˣͬһ𣬽գˡ㣬ôλ˽
æŮˣػǧ꣬ΪͣС֪ϲŷ˴ŮˡСһĹĻᡭ
Ůһŭ֮ǰʲô㷸µˡôˡ㣬λˡôǴ˳ȥñδ棡
ɣ
ŮͻȻ׵ĳ֣һ˴ϵ飡
˶һ˭Ҳû뵽Ů˵־ͳ֣ŮȫĹ
ŮЦԼĹ͵Ϯϣʮþȣôľ룬Բʧ֣ϱɣ
ǾŮҪó֮ʱַ綯ˡ
ʱ򣡡
ŮַţһĻŮҪ䵽ϵ䣬ַ罫һߡ
յӹһ١
䣡
Ůֱӽ飬Ů̧ͷȴִϱַȣһ㵡
˽ľ룬ҪһˣʲôΪ
ĿĶŮҧгݣҪ˵ʲôǻεȥ
ַ絭ĵŮ£ϾûйҲпͰɣλľͷҲû˺λûбҪôɱϰɣѵŮɱô
Ů΢ŭʲôˣ˵˵
ַЦ𾴵Ů£ʲôˣѵ㲻֪˶ǴˣȴװͿԼ̣ǵ̣
Сѩʴϣ˵֧֧ᣬҴ죬Ҫ˵ʲôʱŮͻȻ֣
ŮͻȻ׵ĳҪɱϣַѾƶϣСѩˣԺŮйϵ
ŮĿⶢַ磬֪˭˵˵ϷҲӦɱôһħҲǰ˵˵㲻Ҫǣܲ
ַЦôŮ£вôҲ¸㣬ʥŮһ񣬻붼ҵˣҪǵλ˲ô
ŮĿ֮һ˿ɱ⣬ŮûнСѩ˷Ȼǵݷǳ⣬ǵΪԲŮĶ֣
ǣŮûаսʤַ磡
ַ绺ĵҾûô򵥣Сѩ˵ݺ͵λ壡׿ǵݲ˵צԣϹžֻһͨѡһͨһӣҲðϹž´ȥǶһ裡ȴôˣΪʲôΪʲôһеҪСѩˣΪ϶ǱƲѲôвϵˣֻһˣ
Ǿ㣡Ů£
Ůŭַ磬ںΪħ½Ůô֮£ſڿӣҪֱһħӣ
ַ絭Ц⻹򵥣ʴϲ֪ˡ
ŮĿĶŴϣ˵ºҲûйϵ˵ˣ
ͷ촽ǳѵĵλˣºŮûйϵȫһֲ߻Ϊ
ŮַЦˣ¸ͱûκιϵ±ڲ֮£һƾʲô֣ڣһ
ַüô򵥣ΪʲôҪȫԼأѵаѱŮ
ַ룬˵ŮָʾģҲûκ֤ݣŮ
ַɵЦŮ£Ҳ֪ӵһŮ派ѪҲˣôأ˵һħҵݺһͬȵݣ㣬Ǹӣƾʲô㽻Ҫ򣬾ҽžǣҶֵĻǵ˽˶ԹħӴ˵жԣ
ַǳǿƣ
Ůɫ԰ףãһħǺǡҼסˣ
ŮתŴϣŭðλˣﲻ⣡ǳ㡭
ַŮĻŮ£Сѩ˰ɣҾǽ˴ȽϺðɣ
ַСѩʹ˸ɫ
СѩŮͽ˴ɣ
⡭
Сʱôʲôô
һڣŮʱ͡
֮ŮַСѩ˰
ַ罫Σټҿᡣ
Сѩæʵַ磬ǲǾŮ⣿
ַ϶⣡˵ʵɡ


444 Ůı
һ¹˵ϣ쳣ʹĵλˣҲôʵһжŮŮõŮ派Ѫӡǻ룡ŮУҲŮͻɱҵĶӣܲôô
ڲףԭҲܺߣ
СѩʵŮΪʲôҪôһֱǳŽᣬŮΪʲôҪԸԼˣ
ʥŮˣҲ֪һһϽǿһһһ񣬵ħô½һΪצħô½һ屻ǿɱһ
ħ½壬һֻʣҺʮλ⼸Ѫʣµĸ߲ǿ߶һˡŮһֻŮΪħô½һ屻϶йأ˱һλãԣŮŭħ½֮󣬲ңҪЮץסһ񡭡
ŮһõŮ派ѪҲ룡һжŮı
λˣǾȳҵĺɣɱҲĸԸҶǧˣòײŵõӸոճͱŮˡ
Сİɣǲ㣬ĺӣһȳĺʲô£ұ֤ɱŮ
ĳŵİ
ŮѾ֪Ѿ¶ѾûüֵŮ϶ɱŴϵôʺСʮа˾Ѿɱˡ
СѩʱôߵݵλŮͰǴҲû֪ͨӭǣ֮˲֪ܲҸұ֤Ů϶Ըǣ
ַʵŮԸǣΪҵĹϵŮûж֣ŮҲͷ۰ɣǺǡ
û˿ŮںͶϺϿᡣ
Ϻʹ϶һһΪҲαתľ硣
ŮôϽСѩַٰץŮõõһУɱһеƸϣ
һ˫ɱڣ
ҵʱŮϱƣѾ¶֣ǿַԼȳ˴ϣŮԥˡ
Ϻʣ߸µʵǳǿϺ¶ʮתϵǿߣȴַƣɼϵļѾַɱˣ
ԣŮһۣȽַ˰壬취Ըǡ
϶٣ǽϾжһֲ
ŮĻöϺһ㵡
Ů˼֮žġ
ϵŮ£㷽˵ģַߴϣôΪ֮ϣǽϾж᲻ЩðʧһЩ
ϵԲӣַΪŮ֮ϵĻôַһصңͻңһϵϰ֮λҪôãڵħ½ҵľôҹַŮȳ˴ϣֻһطѣַôʱͺŮˣֱӿԱƵĴ˵ʵַûУҹַҲǶѡ
ϲΪȻַ統ʱҲûаٷְٵİΪ¾ŮģʱôŮǿ϶ѾӴ˵ʵǵļƻѾ¶ŮĻҲóʥŮצ붼ַģַûаպǿĻѾǴҡڵˣŮ뻢ô
Һҵ£Ҳַ̫ôأȻԺַйأ룬Ƿ۵ĵ̣嶼ҶȾȻըûˣҲ֪٣
ַħô½ΪѾ񾳽ǿȷϣַĳɳ֮죬ҲõϢҪǣַһħݾŵһƬˣͷշǧǰͺɨצܳϷַ磬ַôôҾҪɱַûô򵥣һǽַ罻ãڴϵ£ǵ͸ͷϸ䣬ܰôַʼǸˣһѵҪһôڻûǸȵ˾磬Ѿ²ռ䣬ܰô
ŮͷϷûһһģڳΣܸô˾磬Ǳ²Щ˻ǿģʱһĵλô
ڣʥŮצ붼Ϊǵǽ˼£˼µҩȪˮҲһʱḴԭ֮κһ˾ܽƷҪĿǶԸַ磬һʮתϵٶˣˣòַô
ΣַѾ壬ǶԸǵʱλᣬԺûлˣԣҾһʮתϵȫ˶ԸСѩˣֶԸַ磡
ϼæŮ£ҪˣַϻиǬ˭ܱ֤Ǭﻹû̫ΣˣŮ˼
ŮЦôǬˣҲװĶ࣡Ұų˽սҾͺɽ˺ǽսӮƺҲϴ壡
ܲʮתϵǿ߿϶ߴǧˣǴ˴μƻֻһļƻ֪֪˿϶ᷴŮ
սͲͬˣһħ빥壿ֱҵʱǿһӵϣַҲ·һ
Ů²˳٣ھжСѩϵ˾Ͳðˡ
ϵģ﷽Բﶼĵ̣ǽġ
ɽ֮ҹ죡
ȻŮٸϢʶСжûӿַʶ
ַѾȫޱ޼ʣһ¾ħ½ôӿַ̽⣿
ַ缱æСѩ˴ϢΪ˱ڼ䣬ַ罫СѩȫսǬ
Ȼַ֪ʵΪַ֮ˣ½ܿģҪ˵ˣַҲ£
СѩǺȪˮڻָ֮УԷһַ绹ǽСѩսǬַͿԺ޹˼ɵĴɱ䣡
ԲǧһеϢĸΣ﷢һвᴫȥŮоսʤɣ
ŮͶϡϢԼǱַסǧ׸֮ľ룬˻ûнʶɢųȥ
ַ˵סǺ޶˵ַûзԼˣŮİ
ַڷڶƣȻѾϨƣⲢӰַߡ
ǰַôְΧĻַ϶֮أ뾡ǧټߡ
ڣַУַڵΪҪԸЩ׾٣
֮ǰαϵǿַﻹǸ߸ϵĴڣǴ˿̣Щαַﶼϡ
ֻҪǿʵͿΪϣ
ʵߣַľٴ췭ظı仯
˿̣ŮλѾӽַס׾룬ʱŮһƣŮͶͬʱɢǿƥַ˵סȥ
䣡
䣡
ַ˵סĺը֮˲һƬ档
ţĸִ˷ըΧȥ
˵űը㣬˵ʶȫűը֮κζ
Ǻܿ죬Щ㵣ǵʶȫգըûһ˴ڣ

һ󼥷ЦһƮƮӰӷ֮г𣬶󾲾Ưڸ߿֮УĿŵЦ⣬ŲԶŮ
˿ַûа˺ۣʤѩĳ֮ûаգ
ֳ˵ʶȻ޷סַ磡
˶һŮλϵȫ͵Ϯ֮»˿ַ絽ʲô磡
Ů£ôǰǸоⰡһǰ˵һϾħ½ŮûʲôͣǧҲпͣڣ㾹ȻһٴԸѾֵȥԭˣ
Ůɫǳѿ΢ŭַ磬ôˣֻһˣΪӵóҵôʶĻͽ񣬱Ըһ·򣬽ڣ
ҵڣַЦһ˶࣬˶ô˺˲ңΪЩ˵ô
ַ˵ţȻ֣ʱ
һ̣˶ַŶϣһƯĺɫ˶ϵĲϡ
˶󾪣˭Ҳûпַγ֣оǰһϾʧһַ̳С
ǺεΪĵڶǿߣôĿ֮£ϢıƷֶΣŮҲ
˺亹ֱ
ַЦΪǻҵĶôͶɣҲǣҲһźܶ˶ŮôԣҲǣֻҪͶֻɱŮһˣǲͶ˶
˶֪룡
ôǲҵĻô
ַĻ䣬֮һϵͷ­Ѿ˳ȥɢһ߸ʬ
ϣ
϶
ܶ˶ѣַǿƣû˸Ҷ֡
ַ翴ȥУϹŴݲȵ΢Цˣ޹һ㣬˶ַ̬һ߸ϵ¼һУ
ַҲ뽫ɱ⣬һǳ󣬶ħ½ͳ졣ĽȫɱĻʱ˶޷ܵģһٴߵĵλ˶֪һ壬ôȥţŪãͻң
ַȺвЩǿͶ󹫿˵ŮĻſ˶ķڷ
һ飬ǵͶǲͶ
ַĻ䣬ֳַС
Σÿ˶ȫ䱸ķַֹץˣַ绹˵İΧ֮ץ˴ϣ
һûϢ֮нС
ŮַĳٶѾ޷ĸ߶ȣѾ֪Լ군ˣҲоַ˵õĳ
ַ籾ȥץŮȴͶûɱɱӺúá
ԣַŮߵλϿŮͶĻôַͽɱˣһһŮͶĻŮ׾
˿̣һ˶ȴŮûŮҲͶ۶Դ˵Ͷһ裡
Ůûһַ̣ɱ˴ϡ
ŮҵͿ޶ȵģ㲻뿴Ļ͹ԹԵͶУ㲻ͶǺǡ
ֳַһˣһһ졣


445 ½ͳһ
Ů亹ֱŭһͻȻ֣еĳǧӰַȥ˶ŮвҪ뽫ַնɱҪַеԼҲ棡
ַûжܣŮԼϣַǸŮ֮±飡
ŮַϣһƬƬĻǣǿĹ˲ַ磡
ִԲ򣡡
ַͻȻ֣޷ٶȳŮһȭݺݵŮĸŮֱһѪҽ˵¡
Ůٴηоȫɢ
ַŭŮսҵôҲΪ룬Ϊ˸һһ·ɱˣ
ŮЦȻҵļƻѾ¶һ廹к壡ϣ
˽ܵŮӲͷƤ֣һޱϵص˵Ķʡ
˶ס֣Ҫѱô
ѹһѪѹƣ˶ڵһʱ֣ſһʮ׳Ľɫ
ϵĽҹձ˽ɫϢѹһ֪ǰݣ
μˣ
Ůһôܣ˼µҩѾȫɢôָܻô죿
˿̣Ůоָ˶״̬Ϊһ㣡
ѪѹǳǿǿŮҪ
˸ܵѪߵѹ׷װμ
ţСèСѩͬʱ֣˶Ϊ塣
Сѩһʮ׵ʾߣȫɢһʥϢСèһͷ׸ߵ룬ȫɢǿҵ߲֮â
ϵѹɢѹ٣ɫϢϯռ䣡
μˣ
μʥŮˣ
˿̣һ˶ͷ亹оֲѣ˺ѹ̧ͷûˣ˵սˡ
Сѩ˵Ĺ⼸±ҩɢȪˮҲһʱ޷ָŮŸҴǰץǣŮ벻ǣַ粻ȪˮһȪˮ
ȪˮȻħַΪͰȪˮħˣ֮ǬȪˮȪˮȪںһȪҲĽȪ
˺Ȫˮֻ֮Ƕ̶̵İʱ˵ΪѾȫָҷ׷ͻƣ
˸ոͻ֮󣬾ͳǬպֹ˵Ľ
֮˶׷׻Ρ
С忪ڵŮֻҪҾͷŹˣִԲֻôɱ䣬һٻҪˣ
⻰˵Ҫȴַ˵ǧٱ
ŮһᣬɫһƬҰףڵ˸߹ͷ­
Сãҹ֪ͨ죬繫Ů
֮ҹ֪ͨɽĸ졣
Ϣ֮ͬ˶Ů˲֮£˺ʹϳ㶯֡
ڶ磬춼ǰμӹᡣ
ʼʱ˶Ů£ܶ˶ߣ˳ҪŮֹ
һʥŮڳκŮֳԻң
ˣ඼ֱ֮ˣͳǧŮ±ָϷµͬߣǺΪУ
еõ֤ʵ֮˶ߺޱȵĿŮˡ
ûоŮϾǧŮкĸ飬ڼ仹аλ飬ҵҪġ
ŮûɱŮҲҪɱǿɰ֮ʱŮͻǧǰԼȥĺӣŮģ
ǳĻŮɱЩСŮ²֣
СסŮŮɱĻԲˡŮ
ȥŮλŮ˳֮λ
о˶ûԹԣȻȨϣŮϾ˼ǧŮŮεıҲǶĲѣʵŮҲΪУֻѹһ壬Ϊһǿѣ
ÿ඼Լ˽ģ㲻ɷϣŮôĳһ˵ҲΪһ壡
ԣŮﲻҲ˽Դϲľ
оѾõо֮С尲һһ¸صǿλá
һľǳмȫԽεĻȫһȵףΪһһԱҲôô
ĺǳ׵ļìܣʱ룡
һһֱħ½ߣԣħ½һƿأȻ
һͻм񣬴ӶһĹϵͻһĽá
¸㶨֮Сѩ壬ַȥЩٻصЩɱ
ҪҵЩ˲ѣҸɵĵӴһ¾ͻ֪ʥܲЩɡ
ò˵½֪ʥϢ֮ʥַһ֮ھӿٶȥɱʥĲҵغҵؾЩ˸ɵģ
ǣַѰٶɡ
һ·֮£ַ֪ٶɣѾʮ⼸µʱѾˣ
ħô½Ѿ֣ħ½Ѿˣڼµս֮£𽥵ĳɴÿһ֮жٸһЩɵˡ
ÿһʮϵǿ൱֮󣬽ǳµĳ־սҪһͳһ½ûʮʱ䶼ˡ
ʵʮɽָ򣬿Ӱ죬ֻҪûսÿͻ֮еİ
ǣħ½ϵ˶ϲʮɽ֮еĵ̣ΪֻԼõĻ
ԣսǲֹͣˣʮɽ֮Ļ
ַҲսַڵΪѾּսȤˡ
ַ˵һڣַʵϢ֮ķ֮ڡ
ȷһ㣬ɽһ壬ȫļ߸ߵıôһȥѹһˣ
Ǻˣ
ַϢĴԼңǳƽҲŭҲûκεķĿƵĿַ硣
ȻλƽȴκˣȲ˵ڵ֣ܲϢĴԼңվԼǶԷɢϢڶᷢѾվԼܾˣ
ԷҪɱԼĻλ촦ˣ
ԣλ֪һλǿߣԼ޷⣬ԾԼ䱸߶ԶԷе⣬ŭ˶ԷԼûл·ͶԷƵĽ̸
ǽаɣȡĲǺǡ
Ц¼ЦˣֻһºŶѣҲգǺǡ
ַ絭ĵΪһС¡
ַ˵óһСӣϣϵ֮ǰ½һʮŸɣڴ½ս֮УʮѾˣǺܶ˶ˣ½£ϵɶϲ¡Ŀأ°ҳЩ֮еˣȫɱһ֪ܲ
Ųӣ֮£ȴʮѾǺϲڳＸµս֮д˶ˣʵҪЩ˲ѣЩҲһʱὫȫϴһûҪһʱ
˼ףѾӦַˡ
ַ絭Цţʱ䣬ûʱ䣬ôҲ֪Ϊ֮Щ˶ǸֵܣҪȫɱǣ޷˽ҪɣҸʱ䣬㽫Щ˵ϢңԼȥɱˣ֤κ鷳
ǡòˡ
ַ֮õԼҪϡ
ֻʮ˸ʣµʮʥ
ַҡͷ̾ϢɱʥַĲȥ
Īƣʮʥͽˡ
磬ҲҪȥ
ַü°ȥˣ°ھûһˡ
ĪƵ磬²һҪֵôڵͳһħ½ʲô£ĻǾͻ彻ã½ӴһƬ̫ƽʢγһأ
Ҳ֪ںôϲɱ޹ҺɱѾûʲôȤ
ַҲ֪ԼôˣľѾĸ߶ȣȷɱЩûһȤͺЩһȺϣַȾͲȣȾͲȣȫ׾ٵ£ûκεȤ
ĪƵ磬ҪЩҪɱˣԼȥʣµ¾ͽǼȥܲɱ˾Ͳɱˣʵȥħ½
ðɣ
£Īƺͺȥˣ˶ЩûʲôȤ
ַɱ˰ڵʮλַ֮ڡ
ַǱҡ
㵹Ǻа
ڿ飬ȻһתͷѾϡ
㣡
ͬͬʱһ㵡
ַЦǻ᳤û뵽ǻֳ֮¼ɣ
Ǻַ½һսĻ᳤ǡ
ǵ͵ħô½֮󣬾֮ȥħ½һССɣ˴ڴ½ս֮¶ͷǣƾǿʵ֮еһλ
Цַ磬Ҳǳȣû뵽ڵľҶ͸ûв´Ӧþһħ
ǣҾһħ߹㣬˲ȥǵĵˣô겻Ϊչĺܿ죬ѾʮתǿˣǺǡ
Щ£û뵽ַɳô죡
ԼΪѾǿĸ߶ȣַħ½Ա½֮𣬿ڿԶˡ
ôɱҵô
ַɱ㣬ѾûʲôȤˣֻæҳЩɵ˸Ҿͺá
ַ綪һСӣ˷ǡ
ãһף
ַɱЩ֮󣬲ǣȥһ
ַûȤɱǣֻǽɱǵ񽻸ĪǣҲĪĥĥ
ַȥڣͬķʽԼ顣
ַ֮ص塣
֮Īơͺµ˿ֻڶ̶̵ʱ䣬Ѿħ½У
ںڳϷĪƣڵ˱ںڵɱһɶ
ǿΪշں֮ʱĪƵ˸ûзѶ£ֻǽλϴҹһᣬλϴѡ˳
ûа취λϴʶʱ֮ˣǰַҹַǿҲȥ⣬ڵ֪Īַ֮ʱѡͶϣ
Ϊַ֪ǿ߶Կֻ·һȫûίȫʱٶɽ
ַܸǶɽĻ᣿
֮һڣǱĪɱ
½ͳһַ绨Ѵ½ʥԷΪʥ


446 ӡԼ
ʥܲȣ֮أǿ޷ģߣܲҲȫĵط
ʥոճƵЩɿ϶̫ʵʱᷴѣǽܲЩɵϴַ֪彻ãǲʵҲûа취
ַ罫ʮ¹滮ʥ£פȣ
ǲȴľ޴
ǿѹ֮£ЩֻܶԳϷʥҪȻǰǻ޹ȣܲм䱻˽ӣҵĻȥ¡
ħ½Ѿȶһж棬ʥ³Ϊħ½İ
һжźַ֮ʹ飬뿪ȥһĿռ䡣
ӣҲȥĴ½ˣˮﰲ
ַ翴Ŷţصĵ˵ͷ
ţһûҰĵˣַ½ߵʱ򣬽ĿȨͶţǣţˮһ𰲾
С֮ʱҵˮͶţ˵ַܻ£Ҫˮæ˲ħ½
ţʥͽˣߵʱʥ֮λ㣬Ժͺˮħ½ɣ
ţЩΪѵĵӣʵҲȥ㣬Ҳ֪˴СûʲôҰģֻһݰȣ˵ʵҺܰˮᣬҲԺÿ춼ŴɱɱֻҪÿˮһͺãԸӣ½⡭
ַĶţļЦţ˵ʲôֻҪֵĿĺҸͺãһ·ԼѡֵԶ֧㣡
ţһĸм
˶ûбʾҪȥĿռ俴
Ϊһߣ׷Ķƾõһ̿ʼѾ޷ֹͣ
Ƕţˮ᲻ͬ
ţһͨˣΪַĹϵţǲģ֮ҲΪǿ󲻱۸ѣ߾Ϊ½ַæ
ַ統½ߵʱ򣬶ţźˮڵһӣûȥĿռ䡣
ˮΪĺˣһ屾Ȱƽһֱϲɽ֮ƽţһܵħĶݣԣˮųæˮķӡʧҲѾɣҲͶţһ𰲾ûȥռ
ַǳĽţˮᣬʵַҲһҰĵˣҲƽİ˿ֵһ
أַ米ʹ̫࣬ݼҲھ磬ַ粻òȥһռ䣡
Ҿ֮󣬲ûȥǡ
ַ簲ŴȪˮʣ˵Ϊ֮ȥµ硣
ľֻͨߣҪĻʲôȱǲȱܣ
ԣṩ˴İĻܸˣַǬչ˶Ȫˮ塣
һƽַ֮Ҳæҷǳæ
ַҵ˴ʮƷʯýʥʯԼڤħ
ַڵľǿȫԽڤħǿ㣡
ʱ䣬ַͽڤħǿϡ
ڤħѾһֽ޵͸ĳ򣬶ٶѾһַԼ޷Ħٶȣ
ַԼۺʶڤħٶȣֻʱ֮²ܿڤħٶȡ
һ֣죡Ĳ˼飡޷⣡
ڤħٶѾռļޣڤħռУֻҪʶĵطһͿҪסռĹ򲢲Ǻ;ĹٶȻܿ죬ΪҲйϵٶתٶ൱ٶȱٶҪϰٱϣ
ÿַ˷ܲѵʱ򣬽Ǹַ罽һˮ
磬ҵ׷ѥҲ˶һٶȣ
ַٶѾ쵽һֲ˼ľ磬ҡҡԡ
ܣǲҪ˰ɣ´顣
ַԼٶȿΪսԼȫҳ顣
ṩϵĻܣľΪѾﵽαתľ磬ƿ޷ҪͻƣȻҪ
ĵ֮Ȼ֪
ǺðɣҪܴôҾͳȫඡ
ַͺı˲ҪУʶ˴ӣͬʱУ˭˭ڵһʱ֪
ڱԵһʼַ֪ԼˣһͿ
ʤ֮󣬵Цô磬㲻Ǻܿôûܴɣ
ַܴûУֻû뵽׷ѥٶȻ֮죡
ڤħֻħһй߶ѣԭķٶٶȼӳɶѣȻȲʮ֮һ׷ѥˣ׷ѥٶȿǺųƾ½һڤħֻʮԺˡ
ʮԺַˡ
簡Ͷܱٶˣ˱һ·ô
ʤַ磬ĪҲԾԾԡ
ĪƵõѪħ֮󣬾Ȫˮȫ壬һѪħĲΪѾǰһת磡
ò˵дǿ죬򺮱׷ϣǺȴԼ
ãȾͱȣ
ĪƵ磬ǿң
ɶǿ֪ҵľ
У˲ôҰ
ַ֪Īô˵һаա
ǺãС
ַĪƱһַĪƣַеĹһƬƬѪӰ٣
ȻĪҲһˡ
ַϲܣġѪħ󷨡ˣ
šĪƵͷˣҵڲѪħֻ˰ٷ֮һѣ
ַȻٷ֮һܵסĹ
̬
ĪЦ磬ڸҹˣҪŶ
ַЦܣҪǣҶԺڰԵȫߣħԵĹߣھҵһʲôң
ĪаЦţٺ١Բ֪ˣٺ١
ĪЦķǳթַ缱æʽ飬鰡ѪħĹҲǳ˽⣬ʲô˵ң
ĪѾѡѪħ󷨡˶㣬ôѪѾ޴ĵزʶĪҲûõģҲûãڵһʱǰɱֲ
ʱ򣡡
ַ翪ʱ֮󣬶ĪƵˣְɣ
ַϢһֱĪƣħȫ޾İ
ַ絹ҪĪô˵Լ
ʱ֮£ַ翴Īƶˡ
ĪƵϳһƬ⣬֮ӰͻȻƾʧһѾַһ֮
ַİʴĪƣĪŬĵֿŰʴѪħһַȻ֣
ַ֣ץסѪħһ½Ī˦ɡ
Īƣˣ
Īƹֽе磬ˣʱˣ
ַЦʱˣôǱҵôˣ
ַ֪ԼʱĻ϶ᱻĪ͵ϮɹĪƵѪݷǳ£˲䴩Խܲ͸Ĳֱӽɱˣ
ĪƲ͵ðɣҲƽְɣߣ
ְ֣ҲҪ򣡡
Сèʱ˹ַ練Ӧͺַսһš
СèƲɵĹַ粻ʹȥ˺Сèֻ֮ѹСèһСèһȭҷɡ
Сèһίְ֣۸ңҸȥ
ַǸգСèǰ񾳽ˣ
Сèĵʲô񲻰ҿޣûǸʲô񾳽Ļ֣龳磬ĺͰְִĻóҵ츳һ¾ͽˡ
ַ
С塢СѩַУȻַϣССѩҲѾΪ˰񾳽磬Ȫˮ֮νջ޴
Сͽ˼ʲô磬ַҲ͸ҲûкַС
ַ緢ֽ˼ˡħ󷨡ϵİϢַͬһԴ
ħ꣬ľҲǳߣһаĺڰûѡȥ񣬶ѡħһħ
ֻħĻѪ֮е˲ǳѣͶħͬһԴ
µΪһֱֹڴˣںǶ֮壬ȪˮʺͺµʽȻ෴ȻҲܴȪˮ֮лһЩôԼ޷Ȫˮ
µĶѾɣΪȱķţԺµΪһֱڴˡ
ѾԻûͣһ꣬Ĵ޵ѾȫںϣѾ˰תΪռĹѹƣҪȻͻƵ龳硣
ȡ֮ߵĳɾַͣҲǳο
ַҪһ˲¡
ʲô磡ҪӡԼ
ǣ
磬ûɣӡô
˵ַ֪ҪӡԼҶһĪչ
ַռҪǣ֮ͨڵĹǳ£αҪȥĿռ䶼ЩѶȣѣҲȥأ磡ȥͻᱻͨڵĹɱ
ռĹƣռǲͻƵ龳磬ַȴһֱӵľ磡
ַ˵û飬ɳռ䣡ֱӻᱻͨڵĹɱ
ʵⲢַӡԭԭǣַҪԼ
ַҪЩԼȫӡԼԼﶥ壡
ַԼʱ˵ַ綼ˣϴν鰦̾ĸַ˵һѻַܾýʲôԼַ˺öΣ鶼˵
ַӡЩ
ЩӡѶȷǳ󣡵Ȼ󷨺񽳣ȻзַڵӡֻҪӴӡ
ЩҪַεִУ
Ҫӡ֮ڵ˵ʶַ꣬ɽķӡӡַڵ
ڼ䣬ַӡ΢ַв֮ģͿַ飡
ַӡѾúˣҪɷӡģСѩСèоѪԼϵʱ֮ڵƿطǳСһڵҲһգȶ
ʣµ˾ɸСҽ㻹æɣ˶ǰҵͬһԴԣõѡ񣡡
СèƲ͵ְ֣ûɹ£㻹ұ˰ɣҸˣְֵСɾûˡ
ַĵСèʱҺ˵ʶӣֻҪǰҵȥͿԣֻҪͿɣһЩСҲԲȣԼϵСѩоѪϵСһѪϵСҽ㻹Ī˶ҵҲǳϤԣϣԿ˳ɷӡ
ӡȷǳѣһĶзӡҲ޷ӡַΪӡ֮ķɣ


447 ַĻ
˵ַͨûκεĵ⣡Ϊ֮춯ͻ飡
ַѡΪԼӡȻǶ˵Σַÿһ˶Լˣûκһַ
ַô͵ڰԼˡ
䣬˭˸ԼˣԼ골ˣ˭ҲңΪǸɱ㣬׾٣
˳˵磬û˿εģַȴԼֵܣԼĻ飬Լսѣ
ַ罫󷨵ԭ÷׷׸ˣ˵ľ磬˼ʱʱͻӡڻͨ
Ǭӡ
ȫģȫӰ쵽ˡ
ΧһȦϥַΧм䡣
֮˷׷ɢԼʶ˵ʶܵһٺַʶںϡ
ַԼǿʶ˵ʶĽԼꡣ
ҪӡħֵȻҪΪȥӡֲͬǲܷӡһġ
˵ʶַ֮󣬸ַޱ޼ʣһоκˣ𾪵Ĳѣ˶ƲסԼַ
ַ̲סСĵ㣡ոսͲ£ҵ깻ǿҪȻղһ¾ͱ
갡ǿôֱ찡ǲˡı̬
Һ˵ľ綼ǳߣҺַĳֵϵԲûñ緢
Ǻǿ󣬵ÿ˵ٴҲһ߼ʣַޱ޼ʣһƬ嫵ǿգȫ˵ĳʶ
СèĴţϰ֣ôôоһ޴Ŀռ䣡ħ½ôҲи߼ʣôҲб߼ʣϰֵ꾹Ȼޱ޼ʣ
Сèַ;ȣûиַܵĻ˵Ļ϶ΪǿЦ񾭲ֻǺ˵˵ȵȣ
ûţ
ǣ˿̣û˻ɣǴĵطĴСҲ֮ڴĶ٣ҲΪ
һװ֮ôûа취ʱ򣬾ͻѧϰѹԼڵС֮ھܴѹҲװ֮ΪҲֹڴˣ
ַޱ޼ʣҲ˵Դޱ޼ʵֻҪĶ״̬Ϳޱ޼ʵģ޹˼ɵ洢
ʱַܴﵽһʲô磿ڣ˶ڿ⡣
ַСèרһ㣡ҵޱ޼ʣǵҲ߼ʶѣ
УСèֽе߸˵ʶǽһģܻӦǿʹСѵô
СѩʱСè˵ûַ磬Ҳ̫̬ˣҴû˵һ˵ޱ޼ʣǿڵħֵ˵ĸоһ֮еһֻССϣʶָѰ֮ڵ˵ʶ֮Ѱ֮ڵĻǧҲҲ
Сѩ˵ޱȵĿţȴһʵ
˵һ֮һֻˣһƬ½һ϶ҵ˵ϣһˣǸ˲صĵط˶֪ҲпҲ
Сһ̥̬̬סǿַôһȱڣ찡ôȱڣ
ĪƵ찡Ҹоϴȱڶҵ򱶣˱˰԰ϴôȱڣܹˣϴôأ
ַ갡ôô
СæУǼҪǸȱڣûпǼתôСıȥǵ飡
ַİɣȥģȱΧѾҵʶˣҪȻǼˣо˵ô
Сèɣô̬
ַԼоɡ
˼ʱַ磬ôо֮ڳͰ֮⣬ڣЩ׽ҲҲǣʵĸܵǵĴڣ⵽ô£˸оĵô
˼Ļ䣬˶һĸо
ַˣҲ֪ʲôǾͱ˺òãһܵҵòãʲô£ȷӡҵ֮ĺòãõĺòã
Ҷӡڿʼ
ȷӡַʶеȫʶѹģ˵ʶʼַָʾŷӡ
ַ֮ڳһâ֮ɢһ͵ַ֮ڵİ
Ƿӡ֮Ķӡ󷨣û˺Ȼ֪󷨣ҲǵһʹãԣŷӡĿʼСжϺ͹۲һУʲô⣬һʱַ֪ͨ硣
֮еѹƣǰ
˵ǳ򵥣ʵǳѣȣַԼʶѹƣɢһ󷨵ķӡȥѹƣѹַ֮ٷųһ󷨵ȥѹơ
˵Ľ֮ܺ£ʱŽַ֮ڵ׵ķӡ
ӡɹ֮󣬴ҵʶַÿ˶ɫҰףȴսһҪࡣ
СèУְ֡Ȫˮˣôо񱻼ٸȺŹ˼ʱһȫʹĺҵˡ
СۣСè˼˵ۣˣһ͵˶ȫԸ
СѩеǾǣè̫ˣַʶǿҪȻĳˡ
ĪƴСèһҪ˵ˣְַ֣Ҫ
Сèһ±˵ˣǺָܿɫĹֽеô֮УֻҵСˣַҰְ֣ҿɱСһǵȻҪչңߣ

ڷӡĹ֮Уÿ˵ľǸ߶ȼУûһ˸иΪһ˷ипַܵ걬
ÿ˶۵òУȫǾĴģҼѣ
һ֮˵ľٴλָ˶״̬
ٴΰַӡħֵ
ӡħֵҪȷӡѶȻҪ
Ϊħ֮һĥħԣһСģͻᵼַٴ߻ħ
ãַѪħֵѹƷǳټޱǿȥѹħ֣˾һһҹ֮ħֵڱȫӡ
ϴηӡľ֮δȻõʱ䳤Ǿķѵȴϴ٣Ǿ飡
ħֵӡַ֮ħѪҲ֮ʧ
ַоЩ֣ӡħ֣ΪʲôħѪûأ
ӡ֮˺˵ڵϡ
ַ֮Ŀ⿴ŷǳƣĽ˼࣬˿̽˼ĿҲӭַ硣
ͬʱһ㶡
ַоԼͽ˼֮Ѫĸо˼ҲоַѪŨˮϵ
ַħֵӡַ֮ڵ˵ħоŮûаϵ
˼ȿַ磬ַ磬⵽ô£
ַҡͷҲ֪ô£һ鲻ͺô
˼ͷַ˼ԼָһѪҺڿУƶַǰ
ַͬγһѪҺѪҺںϡ
˶ѪҺûںϣֵжԵĸо
ֳ˶𾪲ѣֵĿַͽ˼ˡ
ַͻȻЩ£˽ǰ˵ĻԼģһ죬Щʱʲôûˡ
ַæħֵߣôԼһħôԼѪҺѾûħѪĴУ
ôҲ˵ûħ֣Լħûаϵ
ôѪУǴеģΪʲô
ַʽ飬飬ң⵽ô£ΪʲôħַӡѪҲʧ
ڸҲ޼£ҲţȵʱˣȻ֪ǵǰ㿪ǾЦôģǺǡ
Ц
ٺַ翪Цģַܿ˽ϴΰ̾Ȼһ˵Щ
˵ǧǰħսֻһЦ˵ħ;ŮҪô
ǽǰԭ
ַ뵽ʽ飬飬ңǲħԺħ֣Ѫ
Ҳش㣬Ժ֪
ַ֮࣬ǰ;ŮĶԻַ˽飬ַѾħֵȫӡԺ϶ãԶã
ַ֪ᱻã֪Ůַںȥƭַ磬ôַһɱ˾ǾŮ
鲻ұ֤ħ˻᲻֪£
ħȻҰǰļƻ϶ַ߰Լˣ
ַ÷ӡħֵħ˿϶ɱַ磬֮Ѱʱһ˳Ϊһħ
ڻɣַߵЩˣѪħħھŷ˼࣬ħ꣬⼸֮У϶ħˣ
СħھŷѪħħ꣬ħŮ˼࣡
˶һеĸַ磬ĿֻһǸħ
ԣڲַַܸ࣬绳ɾͺãַ֪Щһߵмϸַ׽ʲôôַʱΣգ
ַûж鲻Լ϶⣬ַ֪Բ˺Լ
ַĵû뵽ӡħֵѪҲӡˣҲãǿƣ֪һħ϶ɱңںˣѪӡû֪һħˡ
ڷӡѾϣҪһЩʱͨȥǵͨҪԼҪܳʱ䣬ȥĻǰˣȥ·ʱȥҲҴմմҵĹ⣬Ǻǡ
СҺ˼ȥˣ滹һЩľ岿䣬˼ȥһЩҪҪʱˣһġ
˼ַЦԵܵܣԹŶˡ
ã
ľʱҺͺҲȥˣʦǰȥȥҿռ֮ĴˣǾȶˡ
磬ʼһɱ֣ߵǲͬ·Ҳƿ޷ͻƣȥЩͻƣҵΪʹ̫ܲԶˡΣҾȺȥˡŶ磬οǵĺŶ
СַƲͣϽߡ
ַϲͷĸϺߣʵзǳᡣ
СѩҲȥˣǸ˭Сèߡ
СèҪַ𣬱Сѩקķˡ
Сʱַ磬ҲˣҺСѩȥҪҪ졭
ţڣ
ھʣĪơħꡢºͻˡ
ַĪƣܣ㲻ȥô
ĪƵ磬Ҳ֪Ҫ˵ľѪʹһ𣬿϶õģ۵һռĽֶͳһǸռ䣬һβʬҰѪɺӵģԸŴõģ˵ˣӡˣҲԱ硣


448 ʱֹͣ
ħĹǽȥ֮˵飬ԣĪһĪ˵ľѪ飬òˡĪ˵ģһҲиӦ
˵ַжħûаǼٵģħħŮǽַģȻַ½ɱħ֮ʱħ𲢲ڳĪҲڳַ϶ħѾʮа˾֪顣
ɱħҲΪȡħַ֣Ѿȡħ֣ħ΢һ£ܲµ
һֱħڱħ겢֪һ㣬Ҵûʹַ¡
Ȼħ겻ʣַҲûҶװ֪ѡ
Ŀ͵Ŀַ磬Զڷ߲벻ߵ¶
ַȻµħȻÿ춼ǶַĸҲ·ǳַĻҲ˺ַߵˡ
ַ簮ǵںµͷһ£ЦɵѾͷڵΪҪԼߣҶ᲻أʲô£һԼһӵġ
µһЦĿ֮гůĿַļϡ
ַûж㣬¿ԼΪһϰߣַӦϰߣСʱÿ϶ַ˯ˡ
̾һʵҲߣ˭úҵأڵΪߣΣأұʱںߡ
ַЦȻ£ǵҳ֮һȥǣ
ַԼַ緢Լʱ֮ʲôûС
֮ǰĹҲħˣַоԼ֮ڿտҲ֮ҲǿտҲ
ַоԼһͨһ㣡
ַվǰ˼оԼǳأÿһǳǳ
ַ緢ԼڵٶȺͱٶȺһͨ죡
оԼһӻص˵½ʱֻһͨѧʲôû
ַһ޷Ӧָооڣ
Ȼַǳ֮壬ϼ켸ҹۣ
ַûٶˣѹַǵصѹ˹
һһ±һˣַһָо
ַһֱɢǳַʶͻȻһԼһ㣬ҪԼҪٶȥ죡
ԽַµĽŲô
ѾˣоҲѾˣˣûϣ
͸оһ㣬ʲôԣȴˡ
Ҫַǰһֻ֣һһСɽֳɽȥֻǻӶ˼¶ѣʲôûиı䡣
ַʲôֲ׽
ַѾȫʱ֮еġǡ졯ʲô
ǰַʱСɵʱʶܸϸϣַʵ飬ʶܸϿϸϡ
ַȻû򣬵ַ֪ˣ졯͡һֽȻ෴ȴศɵĸо
ַܵ뷨̲סоĲǷϻôȻǽȻ෴Ҳศɵģ˭֪С֪һˣ͸Щô
ַˣûд
Ƿôȥץסĸоô
ַʹ֮ʱܿΧַӶռԴﵽԼĿġ
ǿΧͻô죬ôԼֳܿԼҳô
ַͻȻ۾һЦˣ
ˣ
ʲôˣ
ַĵҿΧռȥǿԼȥ죡ΧĿռˣԼԭеٶȾͱ˿ǿռٶûб䣬ҵٶȱΧռٶȿʹ˿ô
ţθм⣬ôԼô
ǣôԼٶȿأ
ĻٶȺΪǳȵģַӡٶȺͨһ
ôأ
ַһƿ֮С
ͻȻһ죬ַһ취
ַ翪ʱʼΧģַ罫ΧתƣתƵԼϡ
鿴ַľٶһҪʲô
ַ緢ԼٶȺʼΧͻһַ˶Ļ֮С
ַ̧ԼСʱԼ
СʱĹ̿νĥˣ
ַ緢Լ˼άҲڱ֮󣬴ԽܵԼѶϢȥִУ
ԣַĨһԼƽһӶò˵ʱ䣬Сʱ
ȻַԿʱ죬ַûУַڸٸоȻԼĸ
ţַ罫ΧռȫջأȫתƵԼϣ
£ַоΧûһ仯תԼ˱
˼ĹԼϣռ䣬ⲻҳô
ַҪʵ飬١
ַԼ彥Ŀˣֻһһļ٣
۾һַ֪Ҫʲôˡ
٣ټ١
ʱٵٽ㣬ҲַٶȣռĹͬٶȣҲַûʹʱٶȣ
ַҪľʹ£ĹռĹϣһƽ⣡
ʱַĹǷǳйɵڼ٣ÿμٵʱ䶼һĴСһ
ַҪľǣȥ٣ͿռĹһƽ⣬֮ٽ㣡

ַڳɹˣռʱĿһ֮ʱɴڣַȴռΧԼ嶯϶ܲȷڡ
ַһϲ
ҲѵģǼԼ
ַ֮£ɹˣ
ַ緢Χﶼûиı䣬״̬Լٶһһ
ʮҪʱ䣬ַʮһʱ䶼
ָоǳ죡ʱԼϿٵһ㡣
ַ٣һֱڼ١
ַһֱַʶһָڰ׿ĵص㣬һԼͿԳڰ׿⣬ܿ죬ַÿǬÿһط
о˲䴫һ㣡
ַ򣬼ӿٶȣ
ַٵһĳ̶ȣͻȻоһĺϮƮѩ
ǬҲһļĿռ졣
ַǵԼ֮ʱһ죬ôѩ
飿
ַ飬ûнĻ
ʲô
ַͻȻȥĿݲۿüٶѿ󣬿
ַסˡ
ţַ翴ܵľɫ仯ëѩĶڼ֮ͳ˴ůĴ졭
ַ翴˴ﶬٵڽ桭
ַŵĲᣬæֹͣʱ򣬶һƨ˵ϡ
飡
ַ磬ɵôˣһվվ꣬ʶֹͣһ㣬ˣһΪء
ַ羪ꣿ˵ʲô
鲻ĵôˣҸоʱ֮Ҹоڼ٣֮ɹٽ㣬֮Ҹоһʱӵʱţ֮嶯һ£ӰɽһˣµʱͻȻţ֮˯ˣҲ㣬Ҳ֪ô¡һ˯꣬ĪƺСҲ㼸ΣΪҲҴ㡭
ַǣҸоԼֻһӲʱ䣬˵ȥꣿ
ҲǴ󾪣һӣ
ǵġַһֱȥ٣ʼʱҸоܺãҵٶڱ죬Ҳоʱһ㣬ģҾͿƲסˣҸоĲʱţʱţҿ˴ﶬĽ桭
˰Ҳ벻ףַ磬ѵ˵ģʱ߾磬ܴδصȥģ
ַδҵĸоǴˣһӹ꣬أվ꣡
ʱֽеǷֻһӶ࣡
ķַһַоһԼȷֻ˼Ӷѣ
ô˵ַ緽ֻһӶʱ䣡ôʱ䣬ַȴվʱŵȥأ
ٶڼӿ죬ͳô㷴ٶһֱޣ᲻صȥأ
˵ַ꣬ôˡ
ַСĿסڼ
ȻַֻԼʵʱܲͣĵӺͿʱԽԽǶԵеʱַ粻ôֻڵһʱһʱֽˣΪʱҲҪʱģ
ַΧһУûʲô仯ֻԼоʱڱ
ӺַˣǲеģֻԼоˣΧûб仯
˼ԿΧĻ
ַŽĻһֱΧĻʱƣΧĻֹͣ״̬
ַЩ𺳣ȻоΧڵĻ˼ֹͣ״ַ̬绹Ǹоһڶ
ַһֱһСʱַľѾ쵽˱Ե
ַҪŲȥʱʱڵֹͣٽ㣡

ַڳɹˣ
ʱֹͣʱֹͣ
ַŰ׷ԲһУеĶ񱻶һݴ֮еһߣһȺϣֹֻͣ˶ȫֹ
ֹ״̬ʮңַڳŲסˣ֮һ
ַ磬ôˣ
ȣ
ַָ£ȫָ
ַûȥоʱ򣬿ǽԼѾ򵽵֪ʶȥ͹̡
򲻴ַ粻Ϊʱʲô¡
ַջǳ˿ĹҲһ㡮δĹ
Ҫʱֹͣ
ַ֪ʱֹͣĻϣ϶ǡصȥĹ
ַûصȥʵ飬Ϊַʱͬһһ롣
ԣַ绨ʱ䣬ڽԼĶڻͨڣַʱҲдɣˡ졯͡Ҫ
ַȻͨˣûаַĪƽּΣĪƶ˲ַ磡
ַĹͿĹʹãȫԶĪƵκι
˶սڼ䣬ַ緢ԼѾ԰ˡ
ǰַеĺڰԵߣԴħѪӡ֮Ѫ˺ַ磡
ַǳ죬ЩַԼ
ַ翪ʼԼ
Եַ˺ܾãûһȻ
Ե͹ϵϵַ綼Щȵħֽӡֻ֮Ὣַɣ
ַ֮ǰĹǱħֵʣ
ԣϵǲġ
ǳϵʲôأ


Ĳ  


449 
½Ļǽľˮⰵ߱޵ǹıԴ磬ľˮˣѭϢٻΪγ˰ͺҹʵתӲħħֵѪʵħħȫħֿϵΪУߣԺڰߣԹҲȵѹƣϵ˲ħԣħɨ磬ûܵס
齻սϵõĶ֮սȥսӵӵ֮ѾתȴҲӲеΪʹԼҪϵƽ⣡
ڵľѾ磬Ѿ𣬳Ϊֻܵ꣬ȱ;ٴѣ㲻ˣΪڵΪ˳ΪЩͨЩǶԼĤݲ֮ô˾ͨЩ֮Լ
֮Ǻһ͹ⰵϵǿʵ߽齻ս˵˾ƴ֮ǿͶ٣˭Ķ࣬˭ǿ˭ͻӮ˭٣˭˭ͻ䣡֮ǿ٣Ǹֱӹҹˣɵ֮϶࣬СˣɵĿ϶٣ޱ޼ʣ޾֮˵㹻֮޵еģ
һ飬򣬶Ǿǧʱ䣬²ŽһӴǧǧʱ̫ˣһͻ˶
㣬ˡһǿ֮ûбҪ˷ʱȥ򣬶ڣûбҪȥľѾľ磬ǳҲŽһҲɱģȪˮָ壬㻹˭Ҫľɱ磬ֱɱ飬֮ͿˣȻǿģʲô
ַˣ鰡߶ôã˵һͿˣĶùܣ
ǣΪκ󶼻ᱻħɣħֲ֮ġ
ţǺðɣǣûκȥʲô˵ǵҲα񡢰ȣȥɱ˵ѵʱȥɱô̫Цˣڿ޸֮һԪֶɱֻܵıµһѡ
㲻ǿɷ֮ô
ɷ֮
ַͻȻԼ֮ڣƬ޴ȱ棬ǰַݵɷ֮ʧˣַ罫ħһ֮ޱ޼ַ֮緢ɷ֮ԭԼȱڵ֮С
ɷ֮ħ֮
κ֮ǳǿ֮ͽö٣ҲûˣҪȥա


˵ˣ㻹ҵѾ˵߽ڽҲӵа񾳽
ַƲ͵ҲǽôŶˣΪʲôҲҲӡأôˣ
һǧӡңӡһˡ
Цأ㼤ʲôõֵܣõѣεˣôӡأ
仰һůõֵܡѣεˣ
ǵģַһֱѽ鵱Ѻֵܣһô򵥡
ǾŮأֻѽ鵱һõĹ߶ѣ
ַûȥΪҲǰװǻᱻħɣַʱýɷ֮
ַ֮󣬶Сٻַ磬Īƺħ˵Ȳסַ磬ȥˣ
ַ簵Զŵļһ˵ҪԼģȴԼˡ
ڣֻʣַͺ¡ˡ
ƿȥħ½ͨǬַ类֮мתͨ˽ȥ
ߵʱַȻˣû֪ͨţˣַãȻţѡԼ·ַԺͲţˣֻһף
֮֮ͨͨеĹĹַ塣
ַһ
ʲô
̫ţˣҲܸܵӡɣ˭֪ô£Щ˲ģ˰Σûµģһȥġ
Ļ䣬ַһֽУ˹ȥ
ַ֮ʱԼһƬ֮Уһɽѹţ
ַȫһ
˿ַ̣֪ԼѾǣ
һ壬ûʲôַ缱æʽ飬飬ʲô
ǵĿռռһǵռĻɽʯһӲҲƣҸ㣬һΪʥͺǵϵͨһ㣬ĻΪһ㣡
ַһ𾪵⽹ۣһ𾳽磿쾳һ㣿
˵ʵ
ǳǿ󣬶ʶֵҲûʲôƣǣ㻹ǲҪɢԼʶһ˲ǵˣǳ鷳
ַе飬粻˵ȫޣվվǳ֮壬ͱռĹĨɱˣ㻹˵ȥáһȥֱΣ
֪ûлɣĹûдﵽƽһ־Ҳ˵Ŀʼڣûа϶ܲĹ򡣡
ַУô˵ǲǹˣң
Ц㲻ܶôܼǱŬɣֻҪûռվľֻεģʱôҿΪá
ΪҺãôˣָˣѹ֮£վô
ٺ٣ͱվԼ취ɡԲַˡ
ã飬֣Ҽˡ
ַ缸˳̵ľȥԼָͷŬ˰죬ֵʳָƶ
飬Ҵˣһɡ
裡㶼˵˲ģҵûţ
ַŭˣͲ裡кºͻأߣ
Сٻ
ٺЦ㾭֮ͨʱСٻѾ˳˯ˣҲ޷Ǭˣºͻģ
飬ˣҪ˺òãˣҾˣ
飬˵
أ飬Ҫˡ
ַ纰˰죬Ӧ
ַ糹׾ˡ
ַ֪ôΪԼãֻһ̫ѹˡ
ûڤħˡ
ʵǽ鲻ַͨǵ֮ͨУҲˣȫűסСٻ
ҪָȫҪʱ䣡Ըղźַ˵˼仰ͳŲȥˣ˯ˡ
ôù
ַǵøȥħ½֮ʱͨڵֱӰַ·ƬַԣַͱһȺΧţ
أùˣֻ׸
ַףԼκԵ󶼻ᱻħɣûĸоķǳʹࡣ
ͻȻһߴӰַ˿ַһȻף֣
Ǹˣ֮ϴŵЦݣϢ
˸ַһоǣǻˣ
оǳ֡
ַ붯ȴԼͶŲ
ַ˽ˣȫʧڶˡ
ʶ̽һַ壬һоַκεϢҲ˵ǰڹȫʧȫգӦǱˣ
ص̾һҲˣ뻹Ҹңû뵽Ϣɣˡ
ιߣ֣ȾҰɣҲǸմֻͨԱǱͨڵĹˣ磬;ȾҰɡ
ҲͻȻ뵽ʲôַ磬ͨ㣡ôĹ˵ҵΪӦûʲôΣգͨ£ûһ˿Ĺ˺ңôĹŽҴˣҺ
ǰɣַȻ
ʱûĳˣЩĵûͨͨСߵȷûһ˿ĹʱˣҿھȥȻһֵĹȥҲų˳ȥһֵĹСٻסˣ
ַףһСٻ
ܻĵ㣡Ҽǵ㣡ŪˣҪɱԽͷ֮ޣ
𡭡
ַ缱æˣһҲܶѾǷһˣɱһ޸֮ˣ㲻߳ô
һ룬԰Լô˵Ҳһ߽ڶԷһͨһ㣬ɱȷϹҲס
תһ룬һͨôĹ֮϶ΪǳߣǸߣڳɷˡ
ҲɱҲˣҹħ޳ûΪħ޵Ŀ֮ʳ
Ȼô˵ʲôأʦ˵ռǳ棬ҪһΪɽҪȻô֪
˽˽˵
ðɣˣҲɱ㣬ңʲô
ҽַ硣
ҽ˹ڹϣҲֻܾ㣬Ҳ֪ҵʵҲѱٴ㣬ΣգҲ·һҲûʲôѰҿȥʱһҲиӦ
ַҵѵȷܶ࣬ǣҲ֪ҪҲֻܴӳ顣
˹üͷ壬ڿҪҪַ硣
ַ˵˹ȻǴħ½ģû˵ַô
˹ҡͷûУǵļһӼʮɽ֮ӣڴ½ҲûʲôȤ֮ǰħ½սҸպýĶ֪ôħ½ô
ַЩƣǴ½ʥʥ˵Ҳûħ½˶ʶң
У˹ΪȻʥ½ǿЦħ½ʮɽ֮жɣһܽʥֻЩɺͼ嶼Դ½²Ȥѡʥôʲôǣ
ôַȻôɶôΪʲôħ½Ϊʲôǣ
˹Ű׳һĿ⿴ַ磬˵ħ½߸ϵߺأʺĵطһСӺأЩɵʲôûˣʱɥ˭Ըǵˣܶ˶ȥأǶûȥЩȥˣѾһ᲻ȥˡ
Ϊʲô
ң˹Ŀ֮һ˿Ϊ˲ʹ࣬˴ˣΪ𣿡


450 ³ش
˹ʵأȻʥʥħ½İΪʲô治Ҫ÷磬Ҫ꣬
ַΪôŮѱץˣδܲô
˹мĵΪһŮˣţ
Ų㣬ƭıҪôƭҺôô
ˣϻˣҴ߰ɡ
ַ粻ĵףþˣ
˹Ҳ㣬ڵҲѱǲô˵Ҳħ½ʥݵˣ䵽زҶ㲻ܣ㶪ϱħ޳ԵĻδ³Ҳ̫ˣҲǾ㣬ʵͬ㡭
ֱַ˴Լͬˣ
˹ַ綪ﲻܣЩħҲԲַģַŮ派Ѫ˵ַǳ֮壬ħҧĶô
˹˳ɽ·СǰУֻǽʶɢڰ׵ľ롣
ߵʱʦ˵Ϻܶ飬ҵΪʮתҲαתħ½ѾǶǿˣĿֻǱͨǿһѣһ˾ܽǲԣҪһȥͶ
ַ뷨Ǿ˵ģΪ͵ĿĸԸأ
˹Űۣ϶²һ˴ֵͨĵط֮вĵطǺܿͻЩСˡ
㻹֪Ĳ٣
ǿ϶֮ǰʦ඼ˣҿɲ
˹ַһ·ۣǵĹ֮£ַķ˹ٶڹһ㡣
ʲôˣ
˸ոֲ߳ãʮ˳ֽ˹ŰΧĶ˹
˹æλˣǸոմħ½ˣҲûʲô˵أλ
֮˹ַ类˴ߡ
˵³شһСмңַ˹ֻмҡԭǵˣֻҪʲôطҪΪǸطˣͻᱻɱ
³ش崦ں⣬мҺңڽҰɽɱ͵Ȼάơ
˹֮󣬱һСӣÿ춼ڴŵĵ¡
ǰ˶ɨ֮Ļͷ˹
Ȼһİ˼µԷ϶ҪԷԷϸ˽
мʮ񣬶ЩʥΪȻΪͦͦߵģ֮У͵ϵͨ졣
ϵĻҾǻܣСĻҼ۶ʮϵĻܣһʮϵĻܾһ˵
ǿ̫࣬޷ǳ٣һ˳˵磬ֻҪл޳ûĵطÿ춼ɱ
񾳽磬ԺѾ⣬³һٷԣȫά
ǣҪ񾳽Ҫ꣬ҪôĻܣ
ԣǵײЩΪ˻ܶս
мҵ˺ҵ˶ҰɽɱޣǵжԹϵٷͻҰɽҲһΪԼĵ̣˭ҲܿԽ˵ĵ̡
ַ֮ڿˣ·Ӥѧ·һ㣬߼ͻڵأַֻ֮ѧϰ·
ûȷѧϰ￴ֵˣǳͬ顣
Ҷ֪һ﹦ϣһˣ
мҵҲַ缸ΣַΪһ֮ûиַ磬Щϧͬѡ
һҲֻռһطѣʣһ겻Զˣû˻
ÿÿ
죬ַϰ·ļСӶһԿַ磬ַ߼ͻмСڴģڶַ߶õ
ʱ̫·ϳʮ۵Ŀÿ˶Ӷų޸·ߵˡ
ȻǵĹ֮£Ҳɲģ޷С
Щ˺ֱײ·ߺܶ񶼱޴ɡ
̫һڵˣҿܣ
Ƿ׷½ɢ
ת֮䣬ʮ嵽ַߣ˿̵ַڴ½м䣬Զ˶ַ㲻ˣ
ַԱߵĺǴУǿܣ
Ƕɢȥַǰ˿վһСʮƥסˣһ´ԭء
ȳǸСԶˡ
ӵĸ׿ԼĺӴһ󡭡
ĸҪȥԱߵһסȥʱӵסĸҲͰװˣ
ʱ򣡡
ַַڸѧ·ôܱһСߣ
ַûʱ룬ǰ£⺢Ϊ˿Լѧ·ӲվԼǰģˣԼɱûʲô
ַԼʹ˿Ĺ
ʱΧĹַĹϣ
ǣʱֹͣ
ַ罫Լ򵽵Ķڻ֮ͨ򵽵
ʹʱֹͣǽĵӣһ̶ֳ֮Χֹͣˡ
ַͬʱʹͿͬʱʹãһϣﵽĳַҲ޷ƽ⣬ʱֹͣͻ֣
ȻַֻԼʮ׷Χڵֹͣ
ʱҲֻҡ
ʮѾˣԱߵĴǶ˷֮еļʮͷͻȻֹͣҹǣÿƥųƣϵҲǸӶųޣһӸͣеĻôľֹ
ǿַ籧Ҳھֹ֮еСȻһ·߹˹ȥ
ַ˰ȫشԱߵһ󺺽ַ˿̣ǾֹĻһ¸ˣǰ۶ȥ
ϵ˶ֲѣǰ治һ˺Сôȥˣ
Ȼֻ룬û˹⡣
һеĴǾͲһˣĿڴĿַ磬翴һ̥һ㡣
ӵĸлַ磬źԶȥ
ַԱߵĴ󺺣磬Щʲôˣ
󺺵̫һڵˣǴ˰ˣ
˰
ǰǴ֮ôƽ̫һǣÿ̫꣬һڵ˶ǰ˰Ҳȡѣ⼸꣬ÿıѶǣôȥǺܿͻύ
֮мҵڴٿᡣ
мҼһλαתǿߣмҵҲʮ˸ˡ
˵֮µ˴ټǰΪ˰֮£ȥ̫һڸǵ˰ǰһٸʮĻܣʮŮǧǰ˵ҪٸʮĻܺʮŮѾһʮʮĻܣʮŮҲˣǻʮʮĻܣ̫һһ½ܣԣټǰ¡
µĻŭѣҲͰˣǽŮ£Ҷ޷ȥ̣
³شܴ˼ңмҺҸһĴÿ꽻ʮŮҲ£Щ˶ǴŮЩ˽ȥ̫һЩ˵
˭ĽԼŮԼ͸˵ߣ
ǴҲûа취Ϊ˴̫ƽֻίȫ
Ҳͼ̫ƽֻҪгкȣ±ͺˣ˳˵磬Ҫ̫ƽʢӣ̫ˡ
̫һ̫ˣһ£һµʱȥôĻܣ
ǰһŽһٸܣڰȴˣȥʲô
峤ǲôһδεã̫һֻôߣȥ³ش군

˶̫һڵĶвǴҲֻϳѣû˸ĺ̫һڶԿ
µˣҰ쿪ʼɽɱޣȫжһ֮һҪ񣡡
жԸ⣬ֻܷ峤
ϣмҵ˹˹һʹһɽɱޡ
˹ҲǳģԼڲôˣ
˹˼˸ɵĻͿˣȻˡ
ַ磬·ѾûκˣǸСַָ֮ʲôʱȥԼ壬ֻҪѿֻôһ˿άԼжˡ
ַ÷ǳ֣ʱԭã
ַͽ鶼֪ʲôǿþͺˡ
˹ձ˶ַҲĶ˵λ磬ڴﶼôãɴҵչˣڴ£ҲԹۣҲҪΪҳһ
㡭ЦҪΪҳȷǺ£·Ʋãôȥɱޣ㻹úϢɣʲôæģȥ
ַЦ磬̫СˣȻڹȫʧҲһ񾳽ǿߣɱޣһĵġ۴ңҪɣֻҪŴȥѣҪչҡ
Ǻðɣȥȥɡ
ˣ㰮ȥȥɣ˾ˣҲʹûйϵ
˹ַ㷢ʲô裿ⲻȥô
ַȥæôȥô
˹ĲУãҪȥȥɣʱңĵһսұɼ
ַЦЦ
ڶ죬Ұɽ
ҰɽϵĻҲ࣬ЩѾǿɱʣ޼ҪɱʮϵĻޣҪȥҰɽ
ԴŶַ˹ԱߣҲûʡ
Щ˵ЩˣҲûʲôϧġ
˰ʱ֮ɽ֮ɭܲڸеĹߣɭһɭֲĸо
ͣ
µһʱҪɱʮֻʮĻһѶȣԣǱ·ÿӰ˸ˣ˸ңһʱ䣬ÿҪɱʮޣסһҪмҵڣ
·ֳСӣûַ硣
ַ缱æ峤ɶôˣ
ûĵ㻹ɣҪȥˡ
ַΣˣһǸҵĺֵ˹ɡ
˹Űַۣ磬ǷǳҪͲҪˣ
ַЦţðɣҾ͸㣬ʲô²Ҫܣ
ҶǱˣһĹ֮ж磬ֱһ漣ַȴˣ
ȳǸС£Ҳ֪ˣڵʱ£һһСûģԱߵĴҲСȴˣ
ڣַҪȥ϶һİգԣ²û˵ʲô
ûɭ֮ڣȥ
ַһʱˣѾɽһҲû
Ҷо֡
˵սﲻþĵ͵ȻޣȴһֻҲûпͲϳ
ȻһжַŮ派Ѫֽţ֪ͨЩˡ
ַĿʮĻޣɲʱ˷
ĸʱַ֮ʮĻޣ˲֮ս
ʮĻޣΪҲﵽʮתҵľ磬޵սħ½սҪǿϺܶ࣡һεģ
ľˣԸʮĻûģŪãͻмҵ̫Сˣǳеκһ˵


451 ҵķ
ԣҪüƻԸߴʮ׵Ļޡ
ַ翴飬˵ĵɱǣǽãҪһЩܣĻǽԴϲô
Ȼַһ׳һ㡣
˹ַ磬Ϲˣ޿ɱ޵Ƿǳ͵ģǽ̸Ҳûи
ַû˵Ŀ⣬һ룬˸оǰһַѾʧȥӰ
ǿַѾ׿ĻԱߡ
һﲻǰ·ôôһӶ׿ˣ
찡ڸʲô
Ϊʲô޲
ôܣô
˶ɴ۾ַںڽ̸ʲô
ҶǰһС
ҶΪַôǰȥݾߣûʲôҲӰҵսƻڣʣ°˸˶𾪵°Ͷˡ
ĿԺͻ޽̸Ҫͻ޽ã
˸˿޶³һֻƬַ磬޺ܿûһɭ֮С
һ룬ַٴγ˰ǰ
޶ܺ˵ÿóһƬƬҲһʮĻܣǿֲͻ޿սִﵽǵĿģֶΪأ
˶Ŀڴоκˣַ翴һһ㡣
ַҪõܣɱ޵ĻǵõһĻܣ޾ˣʻҪһֵĻܣֻһˣϼ꣬ǵĻָֻֿʻҪܣǵĻܾͻԴԴϣһͻ޽á
˸ַĻһ㡣
ǿַҪЩƬַ֮ǰ˵ĻҶΪַǷˣ
ڣʵǰ޷ʵ˵ĴԼ·
ͻ޾Уèһ
ڵһֻȥһֻèèѣҪèȡ
̫ˣȴһʵ
ˣǲҪˣãӳƬŰɡ
ӳæ
£ǸӳЩͣӳλáɣܡǸŰɣǸͺá
ǰַ£Ǹͺá
˹˶ѡ˸ַ磬ÿ˶ַǳ𾴣ַΪ¡
ַЦڴôˣһֱǴչҵģθҰæӦõģ˵ˣҼȻ³ش壬мңôҶֵܣҪ¸µĽУ̫ˣ
ã֣
ˬ죬ָǰæεΣһܽ
Ҷǳģ˹ɫǳѿ
˹ֽеַ磬갡һֱϻҿչ㼸£ôûи߹ô
ַƲЦٺ١ûʹ˵ˣһֱҵǷһʵҸɣһѱ񽳣ѱЩ̵Ļûа⣬ҵսҿ϶򲻹㡭
У˹һĲţţٶȣһ¾͵˻޵Աߣսôַ簡ԺҲˣһһ챻˶֪
ദ⼸˴˶ֶԷǸܲˣ˹ûʲôĻʲô˵ʲô˹˵ģһϵļ壬֮ڵ˶ϵǳûгֹʲôĶǺͶթ飬֮³ɳˣ϶ûʲôĻ
Ȼ˹ûĻǷǳַϲѣûʲô
ַ˹˵֮£ǰС
˶ַûκεļӣҲĺַ翪Ц
һʱ䣬һһһ·˵ЦûһѹļֻѾͻɱһ
ֵַǣҪǸ㼸Ļ棬ʮģ̫û˼ˣҲ˷ʱ䡣
˶һ
һ·ַѾʮʮĻҪ˻ܣѾ˰˸ʮĻܡ
ţٸˣַ˵ҪĻܣ
˹ַ磬аô
ûС
û㻹㣿Ļ޵ľǳߣΪ͵Ҳǰ񾳽磡ߵģ˵֮ǼĻ޻ǧĻ磡Ļޣ̷ǳ֮ߣҿ˰ɣ
ַĵƭǵģҿ϶а취㶨
˹ҧгݣˣң
ǺǡַЦЦѣĻҿɲҸ㣬һ£ǾȫûǻǶһЩʮĻްɡ
˹оְַˣˡ
ַǲ뱩¶Լʵ㶨ʮĻޣַ˵Լѱ񽳣ˡ
ɵĸ㶨Ļ޵Ļҿ϶ỳʲôỳַ島Ϲϵ
ǣĹϵѾ׵ļַ˳Ϲϵ޷
ԣַǲȥ޵Ļܡ
ַһֱŮ派ѪϢȥѰʮܣʱڣַѾ㶨ʮʮĻܣ
߰ɣǳӵĻѾˣҸоǰаĻޣɢɣ
ַŶߡ
ڵ죬ַ类һ·סʮ˸ˡ
ǰĶӳзɵҵˣ鷳ˡ
зɶΪ׵ҵ˵ɽʲô˼мҵĵ̣ǾҴǵĵ̣ѵǵԼô
ޣɽЦôǵĵ̣Ұɽĵ̸ûл֣˭˭ĵ̣ǵѾռһˣǵĵ̣ǰϵĻܽҾͷŹǣ
зŭǻֵĵ̵ΣȻûбǵĵ̣ǵĵ·Σô㶼ǵĵ̣ﲻǵĵ̣˵һʲô֤ݣһ˵ʮأ
ַҴΪ׵нߵˣǿ˽ҶԸ˹ԸߵĸзɣԸмʣģһ˶Ըһ
ɽʮ˸ˣֻоŸˣʶĻͽޣͬˣҾͷǣִԲֻ·һ
ַ˴ϣ
ַĻ䣬ӰѾɽߣħֱͷ­
ַȻûʱ֮£һʱܿˣħѾشＸǧַûġ
ǧһҲܣοЩα
ɽߵûиʲô͵ˡ
˹Ҳܿɱߵĸˡ
Ҳ׷׵ɱ˵ˡ
ҪԸʮ˸һССѶȣַߵ˲ܺɱеˡ
ǣַͻȻ͵Ϯ֣ɱ˵˵죬λǿˣһ¾˵˵ĵԣڼӵʱھͽˡ
зɵɱҵˣҵ˿ܺܿᱨǡ
˹ʲô˭֪ģû֤ݻô
зɿЦҪԸǸҪʲô֤ݣ³شҵжԣǵˣ϶ģһֱ̫һڵĹϵǳã뽫мҸϾɱмҺҶѾ³شǧˣԸмң³شͻᶯңʱҲ޷ƣϾ³شҲҵ˵壬ҵҲ뿴³شǶңֻ̫ܿһڵѹǣҲֻ̫ÿǼ˰ĽǱ
꣬Դҵļ֮εļĺмһ򾡣⼸ڣмҵأܶ඼ҵ˰ɱƴмҲҹȻǷΣҶ֪˰һŴҶˣҵ˸ĿŵҪԸǣ
ַðɣ㶨ɣǿ԰ɱǵˣҲ԰ɱǵˣ
з̾һ̫һڳǶǵģ
˹зɰȻַ˵ܸ㶨ܸ㶨ʲôҲҲ·һѹǷҲҪĹ󣡡
зɵͷ£ǻȥ֮峤顣
ַ֮˳ɭ֣ɭֵĳ֮ȴĶ顣
ԼǵڶʮＯϡ
ڵڶʮ죬ҳֻ֮ʣʮˡ
Ҳˣܵ˵ķ
ȲԼҲԼ˵ʴռ˶ٻܡ
ռʮһһЩóʮ
зɣأзߵľˣɾÿ˶𣬺ûսһһ
ַó˻ܵﶼǻƬʮܡ
±һҵɫȻһˣмоˣ
ַЦ峤ǵô࣬ζܵҵķ£ڻĶٸô
µɫܲÿַ磬ʲô˼òܣм˶
ãܺãַЦô°̫꣬һҪһǧأõóôôֵܣ´Ҫأ
Ϊ峤ַʣŭַ磬мҵ£һòùܵĺã
ַ絭Цðɣ籾ǿʳֻǿߣֶΣֻҪǿͺã˵ûҵȷǸˣԣмҵ£ҲˣҲûȥˡ
˹ҪˣҪҪһߣ
˹зɵ˶סˣַǿǿǼˣº˲֪
˹ȻֵҪߣȻһˡ
˹Ҳǿмҵ峤ظﵽʱ˵Ҳ·һַߡ
ЦȻѾмңмҵˣ˵˵߾ߣҪͽأ
зʱæ峤Ϣŭҵܣɱҵʮ˸ˣȫΪַİæѾͷôˣǷʱ򣡷˵Ȼ峤Щ˵Ķʵ峤˼
Դŭʲôɱҵˣɱʮ˸ǡм尡
ǿ֪ҷ˶Ŭź̫һڽãǰ죬Ѿ̫һڸٸˣ̫һѾӦǲڰңڣɱҵˣҵǰô죿ʲô
ַЦ̫һڽãҿ̫һڵʲôǰɣܸ̫һڻܣҲôҪģ֪Ѿѹ˽ˣѵǲı״ô
ĲУŭѾһж㶨ˣҪǽ˰գһжĺ㣡ַ磬㣡˹ƻҵļƻ
ˣɱ
ַһԴ¿ôֲǻᱻѹƣ峤ˣŹ֣
зߵˣʣµʮȫȥ
зɼæУ鰡
´еʲô飡ҲҪأɱɱ
зﰡ峤Ǹַ˵ġ
ַ粢û飬Ҳûʲôֵġ
ʮ˸ոճȥֱӵѪ֮С


452 ٻ
ʣµ˸׽ַӰַǰһдȥȴ˸գַɱˣ
ַÿʧͳֶӰ٣ûκεϢҲûκεͨ˴һ㣬ֱõˣ
ʮˣַʮʱɱʮˣʣµˣ˹
ͻȻЦãɱĺãû뵽ȻΣ
µĻ䣬ͻȻ׵ߵмҵ˳֣˸û뵽Լ峤ͻȻ͵ϮԼûзӦͱꡣ
зɴ󾪣ɢַԱߡ
峤˵ʲô
зɲףΪʲô峤˵Ļ
ַ絭ĵǵ峤ͱǣҵˣɱЩ˶ҵˣ
зɲŵĵôܣܣ峤Ϊʲôмң
ַûбмңǱҵˣмƷεζӵһμ峤ʱҾ֪ǵ峤Ǻǡ
Ц¹ǸˣΣһ̴£
ˣǺǣ
ַ˵ţħ׵зɵĲϿȥ
зɴ󾪣ǻӲַĹͷ­ֱӷ
˹һ·ˣַҲô
ַ磬ʲô
ַ˹ɱҲҵˣǻϷԸǣ
˹һ㶣ôӣ
˹֣µķȥ
ӣ
˹סһˣַˡ
˱
˹ַзҵˣǰɭﻹɱҵˣ
ַҵʵұ¶ô
µɫǳѿû뵽Ǳмҵ˶ȫַʶƣ
зµĵƣ±ַ˹ңǲӦзɾͻŻַ֣˹͵Ϯˣɱ
ǣô벻ַʶһУ
üƷĻεΣһ˸ͷֱ治ΪòϢȫĸı䣬εķǳ
ô벻ַһܵĽ飬Ϊҩ񽳵Ľ飬һʱʹϷ
Ȼʶƣ²ģΪкУ
ַ磬˹ɱˣɱңôʱ³ش˶֪ɱģӲģǻǹԹԵļҰɡ
ַЦ³ش壿ôСĵطݵôʵ֪ǵļƻҵ͸мңǽжɱмҵˣ֮мʣµҲҵ˳»εʱмңȴҵˣò˼꣬м߶ҵˣ³شͱȫͳΡʵǵļƻܲȴң˼ѾɱôˣʣµҲһΪҲ뻹˵ңҪնݳ
Цôҿ˲ţִԲ򣬲ҪҲ
ַЦʮ˶ɣ
Ǹ֣ҿôӳҵģ
µĻ䣬ʮ
˹ɫһ±ɫʮ˶ʮתҵǿߡ
ַ˹￴Ϸˣٺ١
ҵĹ̰㻹Цĳˣ
ɱ
ַ籾Զ֣ԼɱЩ˾û⣬ǿǵ˹İΣʮ˲öԸַýɱˣ
ʱǳȴ޷ΧĻ飬Ϊǹַֻһȥжǽսʹ춯صģߵĻ鱣Χھû⡣
ɷ֮Ҳ޷ߵˣΪɷֵ֮ңֻҪκ˽ӴͻʳһƬ
Ҫ˹Ϊ̫ˣзһ©֮Ϳɱ˹
ַ粻˹¡
ַ粢ûý鸽壬ĵĬħĲ㡪ħ£
þöûùһˣˣַҲ֪ܴ޾Ԩٻʲôħ

޾Ԩʮ߲ݼˣ
޾Ԩڰʮݼˣ
޾Ԩڶʮ߲ݼˣ
˿˿ռһ˺ѣɫĶ˳
˵϶ɢ޾ĺڰϢƺҪһһ㡣
Ͳ࣡ħϢħϢ
˶ֹס˽ŲǰһĻȫռݡ
Ƕоǰˣǵܿģ
ַҲŻٻǳĶħû뵽һٻ
ˣþȥɱЩСϺףǴСˡ
Ҹ㰡ҿѹҪȻҪʮЩģٻҲֻǳѡ
ַ絭ĵλѶȫɱˣ

ѾŵĻ겻壬ĵַ磬㵽ʲôˣ
ַҪشѾһƬڰĹĻ֮±Ƭ
ʮĶ֣ħһľֻӶһֱۣЩ˶걬飬Զʧ
սôȫɱ
λɱ˺һλˣʲôʱܰǾȳȥ
ַˣǧʱӦÿ
һϲ
һλɻĿַ磬ˣΪʲôҸоڵ
һ˵Ҳ÷ǳֵַ硣
˿ָ̣оǰ˲ǵˣ
ǲǵ˵ĻΪʲôܽٻأ
ַ΢ŭһң
һ룬ħͻȻ֣λһ´ɢ
˹һĻŵĿˣ
ѽ⵽ʲô
񰡣ȾҰɣЩЩʲôˣôǿǿ˲˼飡
ʣµλæڵأ
ַ統ȻɱǸٻֻǾһѣɢҲûʲôϵ
ħħħһ֣Ǹ϶ܵסҵѣ
ˣ߰ɣһǵġ
˹Ŀſַ磬۾֮ȫǾ֮ɫͷ֮ϴ죬˫ȷվվȡ
˹
˹
ַ˰죬˹ûһ㷴Ӧһ汻ɵˡ
ַһƽ˹ɣһ˹
ðů
갡ϣ
ۣʡ
ô
ֻ˹ߵַ£һ¹˵ϣһѱһĵִүڰǧҪɱҰаǧĸ
죡
ַŭȣ˭˵Ҫɱˣһôɱأ
ôĲɱô
ᣡߣҰҵȫ
ַһնݳ
˹һ·ַľս仰Ҷ˵
ַ˵ʼַ磬˵˵ţֿʼ˵Ц񷽲ŷһ˹ȫˡ
ºڷߣַҵܲ
ַʶ֮£ܿͷ֣һʮλ
ַʱڣϢİɱЩ
Щ񶼲֪ʲô£һһַɱ
ַûзҵļ
ɱ˺ַŸоʱڰɱǿ
ַûκǿǿߣǶֲˣȻžħֱȥ˭Ҳܲס
ַһСʱʱ䣬ҵȫɱ
ַ粢û뿪³ش壬³شȴҵ峤
ڶ磬λˣǻȥ֮󣬿ҵȫɱ˲
˭ģ
˭ģ
˻һʨһ㡣
ģ
һλĶڡ
˭ҺкγޣҪɱ
ַ絭ĵǵɱңԣҾͰǵȫɱˣأҲڵǺǡ
ûַ֣ӣȻҽҵȫɱһ޿ֵԼ϶кܴ
Ȼ˿뽫ַ˺ƬȴǳƽԼŭεķǳá
ʸµʲôˣҵ˵˸£ĳ
˳˵磬˼ɱȫң㻹Ҫɱ
ַЩܵĵɱôˣ㾹ȻûɣҼˣûмˣ
ɫһһףɱ㣬ҪΪ³ش룡ˣмҵҲˣʱ³شᱻ˹Ϸ֣壡ռǵҰɽܱסȫˣɱұǣĳ˲һüͷ
ַЦ˵ʲôûõģ˵Ǽ٣Ҷɱģ
˵ģûƭ㣡ңҺ̫һڵĹϵܱס³ش塭
Ļû˵ַ꣬ʱ򣬽ɱҲûӹˡ
߰ɡ
˹ַ磬һ˵³ش屻ô죿
ַ˵ĻǼٵģΪɱЩ޸֮Ĵô˼ô֮ô˵ѣ
ַմҵĵ̳³شѾַ˹Χ
ַ磬˹ǲɱмҵ˺ҵˣ
ʻǴͷˣҲ³شĴ峤
ַ绺ĵмҵǱҵɱģҵǱɱģ
峤ŭ˼˵ҵɱмҵˣмҵ˱ɱҵˣѣΪ˵ǻŹô
ַޱĵǵסҵģҪν
峤Цǿмˣѵɲɣ
ҲɱЩˣ˭ҲҶ֣Ҿɱ˭
˹һַĸ첲ַ磬Ҫ˵ģЩ˶޸֮ˣɱЩˣ̫ˣ
ַĵһȺϣѹô
˹һ±ַĻҭסˣ˹ûоַ̣룬ǲԼΪ;̫ˣ
峤Ҳ֪Ǻãƾ˵ɱˣôЩٶ࣬Ҳסַˡ
˫֮ʱԶһ
֮һĲҽܿ죬һɢ
˭ܣҽ壡
вв
仰֮󣬶ֹס˽Ųվԭء
Ϊ׵һ£ϳаİ
ڿʼ³شǽУǽҽͳΣ֮ڽʮʮҵŮҽǣ
˽Ļжŭʹ಻ѣû˷
ǲҷĻͻᱻ壡
ַˣĻģ
ַ벻ףΪΪʲôҪ£
ļ粻һ漸ˣҪ񾳽Ҫ£ǣһճĺӾΪΪʥΪҲͨһĻšʵǿߣҪͻֻҪʱ䣬Ÿ̵ʱܵ񾳽磬ǵľЩһһ仰֮½ΪϣֻһʼѣҲֻǱЩǿһЩѣ½һ㣬߱ͨǿһЩѣԣǲŸ壡


453 Ǹƨ
ȻЩ죬ҲΪСͲ㣬ѹҲǷǳģÿ궼Ҫһ˰ʲôŮܰҪóܶΪǲõĻͻ֣֮ǣͲҲġ
ǵֲǽһһѹһһЩˣҲҵǲÿ궼Ҫ˰գҪֺ棬һͻᵼʲôûˣ
ǣһû˵磡ֻҪ㹻ĻܣͻΪ˿⣬ÿһҪܣл޵ɽЩһĹϷˣͲЩСҲЩˣˣЩʱ̶Ҫű
ԣ棬ǷǳѵģҪʵҪлܣǻǺʵҹģлܾʵʵлܣ
óĻܣýڵϣԥĹڵϣе㣬Զ˵ͻ¶㣡ҪʲôͻʲôֻҪлܣ
ַôѵûһô
˳˵磬ǸƨûˣҪܵôܵôҪ֪һһĻܣЩڵײȥ鷳ôҪѹô
ַǺðɣ飬ԣҪֳ֤һĻ
ʵַЩַ˵ղŵĻҲŴַɲɱЩ޸֮ˡ
ַ˼£Щ紾ӣܶ˿ַˣԵĺȵչַ磬ַҲûһ֮⡣
ַôȥɱЩأ
֮ԷŭҪַƴΪַмҺңûȻѹեмҺһֱڱǣַǵıɡȴǵ޾جΣ
ԣǲɱַ磡
Сٻ˯˯ˣҪܡ
СٻڰǰˣֻǻЩѡ
ħ½ʱ򣬺ľṩ˴İĻܣһֱǬߵʱҲûûܣΪ˵ѾҪˣֻħ½Ĺѹûͻƶѡ
ַǬﻹǧĻܣ
ַгһĻܣ򽭰ķȥ
߸ߵľ֣ǿַеİĻܣ۾ֱˡ
ַĿ⵭ĶŽ¸ҿһͷˡ
˵ʹڵϣĿͷ
ַƣ汻˵ˡ
ַѵ㲻ƭô
ƭңҲС˵ңҪͷңҲǸӣ˵ʲôǶԵģ
ҲУַ糹ױˡ
£ַ˽ĻЩÿ춼²ǶôЩ˾ԱЩ۸ϰˣѧôȥЩˣȻʧȥ𣬵˾Կȥ
ֵַҲʲôˣΪʲô
óһ޵ˣ϶ǴˣҲ²ûĻ³شмҺҵ϶ʹйء
ţ˵һһԾŶܾ͸ˡ
лˣæӹ˻ܣ˫ֲ
ô
ش˻ûССĲ
̫ʶʱˡ
ɡ
лˣ
ַóһĻܣҸĻܣе³Һô

һסˣ찡ܣҵ񰡣
ôôòã
ð⣬ǴĲ˵ʵвǼĲѣһסˣסˣ
ðɣټ˸
ַΪ˼١
Ҫˣ촽ţϲҸĿҪˣ
ðɣһڼۣʮҪ֪˲̫̰
Σˣǿ°ĭȫ鴤
ַüʲô
Ҳһ㣬û˹ܵڵϵĽڻζַĻ˵Ŀ⿴ַ磬ڿһӲӵıأ
ʮ󣬽ŷǵ峤ιȥˣǷ׷
峤
峤Ѱ
ˡ
ȿȿȡ
˿˼ͨ졣
ˣҴӦҴӦȫ¶ģȫҲģеҲģҵҲģŮ˶ġ

ҲҵģŮ˶ҵģ
ַһºˡ
ѾĲôɣ
˹ߴַ絽ʲôˣ
ʲôˣʵôǿôĻܣԼǸˣ
ַ翴˹˸Ŀ⣬ôˣҲҪĻô
˹ӲӵЦţǸɶν޹»һ˰ɣ
Ҫˣ
˹ˢһ°ˣԼ
ҵ˼˵ִҪСܼĻҾǿˡ
ַüۣҸ㶫㻹˵ִ⣿ǿ

ַóһٸһ˹˹ȥ
˹ӹ˻ܣ˿ռָһ¼ıסַ磬۹Ҿ֪ˣҸˣҷˣ
˭磿ɲҽеģ
㰡ԺҾ͸ԸСˣ磡
ȥģҿܵСܰɣ
˹æ͵磬Ҫᣬû£Ϊģûа٣
ַյЦţðɣҸոĻȫңҾˡ
˹ɫһˣɶð
ַ
˵˵˵žͳ°
磬ΪСܣ
£ֳ½ȫĹڵϣҪַǵĴ硣
ż񰡣Ǻ
ˣǶɣ
ǣ磡
ٷһ㶣ǻģˣ
˹ʱֽһǶˣԺҾǵĶ磡
˹Ψ²ңкٻʹõǡô
ǣ磡
ַͲЩ˽Լ磡ַֻ´֤ʵһ½˵ĻѣأЩȫַˣѰ
˹ĵĵϴ󰡣ˬҵûоȴԺ㣬ƣܶ࣬࣬Ů࡭
ַѾǲү
ַ죬˻ȥɡ
켱æ
˹æأ
Ҳ
ַĲЩ˵죡˹Ѿַ粻Щ˶
ַҡͷ̾оԼΪ֤Ļ˻Ӱ
ַ룬ˣԼȥǵڶ㣬ȥǵڶҪڡսμӰһȵ֮սǰõľˮ֮һͿȥǵڶ㣡
ȻһݾɱȥǵڶͨػߣͿֱȥڶ㣡ݾ˵ˣַڵʵȥĻһоͻᱻػɱ
ΪػƿǵĹһҲɱȻͨڵ⻷֮£ػ߱˸ûô뿪ͨ˵ڵַ綼򲻹
ַ˹Ž˽塣
˼һ𣬼ǵϴ
¹ʮˣ˹һαתǿߣʮת¡
ַûȤǵϴ󣬵ǽʢȴַҲԵļһЩˡ
Щ˶֪ǵϴλ鶼ǳ۷Ź⡣
ַ֮󣬶Խˣʲô¾ȥɣ³شĴԺͲҪˣ³شҰɽĵ̣͹ռˣаԺ˰Ҿͺá
ϴ³شмҺұϢѾ˳ȥܱ߻Ӷ³شԭеҰɽĵҲǻ񣬶һ򽻺ãǽǶҵģϴΪֹ
ðɣһɼѸȥɡ
һԵ˹ԣæ磬ȥɣҲаûôȥҲ޼°
ַ̰˭˵ȥˣ
Ǵѣһô
ȴǵѶȥˣʲôһһѵģ
ַǬĺºͻǰɡ
ͺµȷƻˣʵǬ˼£µʱڻͺ˵ҲһŶǴʱǱʱºͻַ֪ǣСٻ˳˯Ǭ޷򿪣ºͻȷǬ˺ܾá
˹ַ˵ͻȻǰˣֱӰ˹һ
ͺ¾һѪɫĳ磬ɱڣȫɢһĵı䣬һĸо
һܣȫ߳ȵıը·ɽĺ
ϵϢȫ෴ȴһ壬һƽ⣡
ַҲǲ첻ѣо֮£¾Ȼﵽ˰תľ磡Ҳǣ
ʲô
ַ綢Żﴩɫ·ûѧ¸Ҳħô
Űۣѵ㲻ҺͺµķһһΪһϢȫ෴ô͵սֻҪ߳ȥƾǵƾѹһȺˣ
ַȻ
ŶˣΪôܺͺµһأ
µΪ̫ͣͨԼԼ·ԣµľһˣȻҪǣҵѹƺµħԡ
˵꣬΢΢һЦ¶һŽݺݡ
ʱ磬ҪҲһѪɫ·ô
ɶң
ֲǣַ糹
ַһֱϲˬĶ̷ַɺͻһģַƻġ
һԵ˹ʱϴкβɣҪֱӸɺɫ·ɫߣɫķͣȫѪһɫѪһһǵƣͻŵƨһˣ˿ޱͣǵһʱ֮Ͼѹס˵ˣǵּɭֲ壡ǵĿںǣ˳Ҳôɣ
ַεĸо˵˹ԵУȵʵѵҪȥϷôһߣһѵȥμӻױôɣ
磬ϲ޳ɡ
˹Цҽ˹ĺС㣬á
ţ˹Ľܲҷǳϲ
ллС֧֡
ַƲͣĲ֮ɫ
ҲϲȻҪҪԼأҪԼɣԼصͺͷǺܴܿԼͷ

Ҳûиº˹ԭĴޣҲź֣ûɣ
˹ޱ˧Ļ뷨̫ˣҵθڣ룬ҷͺͷ񣬾ǶһңʱϴĴ֮£ǵԻǣأҪΪǵһ֣ǳ֣ȻԽԽԽá


454 ڤ߱
µͽк¸ô
Ʋ͵ǻںء
˹ҡͷУʲô󰡣ڰ̰ʲôģʱˣǼȻҪӱĶ϶ЩʱĶͱһǻʲôӱҪһ磬ֱ˹Ŀ֣Ҫһŷɥ֣
һڴ˹һʾ
˹ĵһǵķأѪɫ·ôǵ֮ҪһѪ֣
ڶ֮˶ҪֲĹߣҪһֻڤ֣
ǵڡ̡ɡۣôǾù¥ۡ
ģǵ֮Ӧټһɱɷ֣ʾǵİ
壬֮ҲӦôһ֣Ϊھ½¶ǾžŹһģǵҲģҪһУ磡ħ磬½
˹˵ĺɣѡ
ɷѪڤ
ҲȲĵڤѪɷ
ºͻͬ˵˳
˹ţֶУ
°Եĵҵĺˡ
ַ̲סˣûʲôʱ˵ҪԼˣʲôʱ˵ҪǴԼһƬˣֻȥǵڶ㣬ĶûʲôȤ
˹Ҫ˵ǵģ뽨ʲôǽͺˡ
ͬţ˵ǵģ˹ͣϲģоˣȥװҴȥɱˣ
˹˷ܲѣã
ַƲѰ
ַ磬֪ʲôΪԼ󵽾綼òǲǣ
ַǰ½죬ħô½˵ħ½ҽռͳһˣҶܵôҶòϣԣҲȥٸʲô½԰ʲôģ͸ˣ
Ǻǡ˼ռĴ½ԶҲһĥռĥڵĳɾôһʼʲôڵľô
ַ飬Ҳ֪ܶʱһˣ½ʱǱã˵κ飬һֱǱģǣƱߣħô½ҽĳɳҲѧ˺ܶණ֮ħ½ұ޵ǿأҾڵľ磬Ӧھ磬ֻҪȵһȵսʼõһڣҾͿȥǵڶˣ飬ûʲôȤ
ôΪ˼˵ȥڶ㣿Ϊǵһ޵ôǲǸɱ˼˾;Լˣ㿴ɱĶЩʲôˣͲˣ½ؤһˣɱЩˣʲôýģ
ǽôȥ̺ò֪ɱҵĽܴ󣬵ҲҪѡԵɱȥսǿߺ͸֣Լȥ˷ʱ䣡
ѽǸ󱿵ĵطҪԼõĵطҲ½ҵĵطҲ˲ĵطֻղϣ˲ųһ춼ģôõĻᣬ㾹Ȼ˵˷ʱ䣿
˵ˣͳһռĺô㾹Ȼ˵ûãҸ㣬ڵľ绹ûдﵽܿԽռ֮ĸ߶ȣġһĻͿʱص֮
ͳһռ䣬ռЩͨ˶Ĥ㣬㵱ǵռнǧ˿ڣһ˰㵱е񣬷ǵ֮Ĳ֮յĻʱյ֮ޱȵǿ󣡡
Ϊʲôͳһÿһռ֮Ҷ絽񣬾ΪԺô㣬̺·ʱƣ֪Сһ֮ûĹأֻܿԼռ˶֮ԼԼûаǧʱ޷ɣռֳɵģô
ַ˵ͷû뵽ΪԼźһУַԴӵõˡһ֮󣬵ȷû뵽һ
Уַ磬Ҹ㣬ڵΪǵһҲֻϵȵǿߣǵһɣҪĴǡĴޡ󸮡ͨ캣԰֮ء񵺣ʵԺɨĴǣϵһȥҲΪ޵˰
ѵΪԼһ˶ͿԺɨôΪ㼸ֵܣѺͼͿԺɨ磿Ҹ㣬ħľ磬ȥ磬˵Ҫһ˶Կ磬ֻҪ㲻ܣ;Ҹұ֤һʱ䣬ͻΣ϶ҧ󣬾սƴ֮ޱ޼ʣҲۣ㱻ΧޣľôľһҲ
ԣԼһ˿޵еĻΪʲôЩǿ߶ҪԼϵۺΪʲôΪף㵱ΪǾսһô
Բǣ϶һЩϲĿԴǣΪǵǵǾһǲǲеһûԼľӣûԼԶ޷ϵۿ⣡ɱϵۺ۵ʵֻһ˵ĻҸұ֤ϵ۵涼
ַ磬Ҫʹ￪ʼһոµĿʼҲһõĿʼ
һĺըַ˺ܶࡣ
ַʱãһʼսĿʼ
ַ籾ΪԼڵľѾܸˣѾΪǵĶǿߣɴӽĻ֮ĳԼǵһ㶼ģ

ַΪԼˣĻʮǧַڳֵܺͻ֮⣬ûʲô
ַʱ˺µ˵ۣҿ֣̫ˣҿͽС½һڡˣô
У
ͬʱŰ۷ԡ
µǻнŲȾڣã
ӦýƨڣҲã
˹Цţϴ󰡣ͨˣ׼ˣ
ַôģܲͬôǺ߻ǽеɣΪõ֣ĻֱӲԳǵơ
˹ֱӷԣͽйȥ˾磬Ǳؿֻǹصģú֣ڤ߱񹬣
µĲ
˹֪㲻ô
ðɣͬ⣡˹Ǹţ
ǵȻˣƵķװأţԣӵɫǵı־Ÿ
ַơڤ߱񹬡ڵˣ
ڣڤֻ߱һӵʮ񣬵ַǳģһܳΪǵĵһ
ַǵļƻ޳ɣҾþڤ߱ӦһЩΪǳߵɣΪǵͺԵǿأڱշûбҪڤ߱ˡ
˵ͷЩè룬ǻʲô˼϶ҪЩǿ߼룡
ַڤ߱񹬵ĳԱҪΪҪڰתϣǲҪααΪļ̫СˣǵĿǾ磬Щط
ַ磬ҾҪЩ̫ˣתϵǿߣǵһ޼һǿ߶һЩˣʲôûУڱ˵ǽǵġ
ַʲôʱ˵ڱ˵ǽˣܶĹôǿЩʷǳõˣԼô˿ô࣬һΪˣ˻ʥֻûлܺԲûгΪ񣡺ܶŶûˣǾͲ㿪ʼѰҪҵˣǸǻᣬǲΪǵˣ
ַ⻰˵ûǵһж˿ڣ޷ͳƣһһǼǧ굽꣬ķֳǶʮоܶһˣǵ˿Ѿﵽ˷ǳֲ֣ûͳƵ˵֣˻ײģЩÿ궼ײѰЩʹߵţ©֮ҲǷǳ࣬ͳƣԣַʹЩ©֮֮Լ
ײѰţκìܣҲκӣҪǣЩײ׿ƣ
ַܱĸӣӲ̫Ѿߴʮ˿ڣǵһĿͳһĸӣĸɫһЩʺõˣ֮һһչ
ͳһĴӵ¾ͽͺˣ˹Ǿڤ߱񹬵װ⣡
˹Цϴ̫ˣϴһ⡣
ʲô⣿
˹ɥϴղ˵ڤ߱񹬵˲ҪαֻҪʺõţأڤ߱񹬵ĴʼˣѵҲܼڤ߱ô
ַ˹ͷ˼£˵ĲǷϻôǶԼˣˣǵȻǾڤ߱񹬵ˣô
˹ЦǡǴҵְλʲô磬ҵĴ簡һ֮߳λ
ַ˹һţֻûһƲأҪְλһȥ
ͺִ콭ȥշӣַ˹ȥЩɫʺõ˲š
ַʧ飬ûһܴﵽַҪ
񣬻ͺ»ǿȫշַĶչٶˡ
ַ緢֣˹ǷǳϲȨˣ˹Ϊڤ߱񹬵·ǳ˷ܣǹһ£˹־ڤ߱ûһ㷢չһˣһԱҲûգַҲż˹ʧȥȤǿͷϡ
˹Ҫַ罫˽ַһڴӦ
ٶǽܵģշ˶Խϳǰһ㶼ҲһСĦַƶĹ򣬿ʹˡ
ڣ˹µ֮ǶˣǶ֪˹Ķҵģ
ַ罫Ĵһ֮󣬲ûȥַûǸҪѰҺµ˲Žڤ߱񹬲;
ǣַͻ˳ȥѰµ˲ţȫ˹
˹ȥģ˹ȥ˹Щ˵ϴ˷ܵĲֺ϶ַȥʲôˣ˹ȥȷҲﲻʲôæ
Ѱ˲£Ҫһľַͻû⣬˹϶û
ߵʱַ˹£˹һЩȪˮ˹ˣ˰ģµģȫסססǵһʲôˣһ˵
£̫һڵҲû˹ǰһ˰ƽʱЩˣԷһַ绹Ǹ˹Ϊá


455 
ַڵĴ½ĴǵĺǣһޱȾ޴ĵ죬ǵĳСÿﶼһЩЩǴĴÿ˰ٽЩǡ
ҲΪŵȣÿҲһϼ˰棬мǸˣô֮µеܿ챻̲
ÿһ˰ÿ˰һ󲿷ֵ˰ն䵽Ŀڴأÿ궼Ҫһ½һ˰
󸮲İ
дС֮γһһڶˣ˶군ˣ
ַͻںܱʮѰʺõš
ַ˷ͷжԼһ飬ͺһ飬ǺҪַ磬ߣҲĲַͺ£һж
ºͻ˰ɫĳۣ˴Ѫɫĺ·̫עĿˡ
˽壬Ҳֻ̲һ£ÿͲǲҵκˣ
˽Ļֻ˸ںžͺá
ַͻ˶ʶȥ̽ѰЩûţ˵ǿʶ˸ˡ
ȻҲֻǽʶɢһķΧΪѰŻҪ̽⡣
æһ£ѰʮӣûҵһϺõˡ
ַףЩʺõǣͱھˡ
ʵܶǿɰģΪҲֹֻڴˡַҪǳ̣ԼˣԺһҪȥ磡
죬һľƹݺȾƣֵʮڴһʮ߰ꡣ
ʲô˶ȭ򣬵ⶫǲ
Щ˶Ǵû񾳽ˡ
ٲǣĿҪɱˣ
ȺˣҸû͵ǵĶƬ֮ǰҵĲͲǵģ
ߣСӣôһʮĻƬｻģɱһʮĻôʶĻ峤Ǳ֤ƽ£
ҵĲ
ǳǿܿ챻˴ѪǾǲóƬ
£ַ籾ǲܵģַͻͬʱ֣ǸţһԴﵽַҪ
ַ˳ȥóһĻܡ
ǵˡ
ǣ찡Ļܣ
һ֮£ΧܿΧˡ
Ҵˣ͹ˣô
úãллˣллˡ
Ϊ׵˼æӹַĻܣ֮Χ۷׷ףֺܿɢȥ
գüĿ㡣
лл˾ңҲߣҪҪҳɱֱ𣡲Ҳߵģ
ַ絭ЦţҰ㱨ߺô
ǿĵ˵ĺˣҵĳôܼˣһҪֱ
ַͷꡣ
һʺ÷ǳҪԲҪģ
ڵΪôȥҪɣߣΪһľ磬ɱĳ֮ʱٻô
ûӦʵΪʲôôãҺʶǣ
ַЦԵ֣αһҪʶأ
ãҴӦ㣡ҸߣһʲôûУʣһˣǸղŲңѾˡ
ַҪҿΪǿߣЧң
ףҵԺΪﱨĻҿ϶㣡ȻʲôûУǹеģ
ãڿʼֽһţ
ַ粢ûʲôҲûȥĵϸײˣûбҪȥǵϡ
Ժڤ߱񹬿϶Ҫձܶˣֱ׶ˣҲױ¶Ŀ꣡
ַմ߳ã뿪˴ӵķΧʮס
Ϊ׵ȵ£ϵĻܽɡ
Щˣſַó˰ĻޣǰмӱԼ֮ĵַˡ
ѾǸӣֻҪɱڣû˻ỳǡ
Ȼַ˵ĵϸǰĻ̫ˣ

ַ絭ĵߵʱ򣬾ǲ£ԲóܽѵΪɱǣڳã߰ɡ
ַĻЩ˸ӵַ缸˲ǵĶ֣Ǵˣһ˻ҪóĻܽôڻ˵Ļôݣ߶ɱˣ
Ϊ׵ĴЦˣϣ

һŮ·һ˳ȥɫӰֱӴӵзӪͷβ
˺ƺһȻء
һűŵĲᣬϵðźɫΪһ̲Ѫˮ
һŻ촽ţ֪ǰļ˶ǿߣ
ĳĳڱˡ
ɱЩ֮Уһɱĸ׵֣
껹ҪԼԺֱģڱһ¾ͽˡ
ַҲû뵽ͻһߣȥ֮꣬ڣַѰҵʮţ
Щ˵䶼ʮңŸеģʣʮһŮġЩ˶ʥΪ
ַ粻òϣǴС̫Ůˣ
˵£
ŮˣϲɱѪȵŮ˵ȷǳ٣ԸҲźܶأŮ֮Ҳвǿߣ˵̫ˣ
Щ˱ַ֮е˿ʼЩԸַó˸߽׻ܸЩ˵˻ǵɵĴЩˡ
ǽ˿ַʵͲƸ֮󣬶׷׳ַ磬˳˵磬ֻǿʵͲƸ˰ģ
ַЩȪˮ壬ȻǺһЩȪˮӦȵǵ쵽һĸ߶֮ȪպȪ
һжҪѭ򽥽ȪѾŨܵ˽ӽʵʻֱȥȪˮ裬ͻὫǵ屬
к߽ܶ׵׷װЩ˵
ȻҪЩ˳Ϊ񾳽磬ȻһһϦ£Ҳǳ죬ַٶǣʵ
ǵˣͱռҪΣҪΪдĻܺ϶ͻƲ¡
ַȪˮǴ˵֮еʥˮټַĻܣЩ˵ĳʣڶ̶̵İʱڣʮ˶Ѿתľ硣
ַĻܲĻַɽתȦͻһѵġ
ַ֮ͣˣַҪǰ񣬶α
αٽתͻƿڣɹڵ꣬ǾǰһתʧܣαһתαԺҪͻưĻѶȷǳߣ
ԣַûָǣͻư
̶һʱ䣬ʮ˷׷׵˰ľ磬ʱַֹͣʵս
ʮַΪڤ߱ĵһǿߣ
ͳһѪɫװΣһĺɫߣÿ˶ǳƮݣɢϢ֮еĶһ㡣
ÿ˵ؿڶžŸɫŸһԲȦмǵĴš
ܶŮӶϲͣһŮɶûһϰߣûΥַԹԵĴ·
ʮˣַЦЦ
ûлȥˣַ˹
ַţ˹Ǳ߳ʲô£˹̰ԸټԼȪˮ֣϶ˡ
ַȥ֮󣬲ûз˹ʲô£˹ͨ꣬Ѿ̲ʮӵѾǧ
˹Լɡڡ
ַ˸սڵķΧͱʮΧ
ʲôˣ
˹ģ
λһˣҺȥͨ
ַû˵żĻܣڿԽȥô
Ϊ׵۾һһƣλˣ룡
ϴ󡭡
˹ַ֮һ˷ܣ˹Щʶַڵأμϴ󣡡
£ֱַˣæ£ľսĶַϴСĸС۲ʶ̩ɽ
ˣû£ȥѲȥɡ
ַ翴˹һۣͷ߸ߵһɡ
ߣ磬ȥ̸ֵܺȼ
֮˹ϯ
˹ö겻ĲΪҲǰתˣÿ졭
磬ǼƿʥˮҺ֮ȫõ˸죡ϴһΪ㲻ء
ַЦǺǣһǸʬģû뵽û˵ʮ䶼̲ˣҹĿ࿴
˹ƲͣϴҲ˭ϴôͣСܵܲô˵ʮˣϼ꣬ٸҶ̲£
ַʵˣ̫һû鷳𣿡
˹Բѵĵ̫һǸƨǲ鷳ͺˣǻ鷳׼⼸ɱ̫һڣȡ̫һڵĵ̣֮Ǿˣʱ취ǣٺ١
ʱһ˽ĵλˣ̫һڵɱˣ
˹һˣַ紵ʱ򣬵˾ˣ˹ЩҲסˡ
Ǹ磬ð
Σӡ
ϴţҳȥɱ仨ˮϴȾơ
˹ȥ֮󣬿̫һǧ˽
أٲҾʹɱ䣡
̫һڵԬ졣
Ԭ쿴䲻ʮ£һɱڡ
ڴˣ
˹Ŵ첽˹ȥ
˹ȥ˰أѾһˣʮǰ㾹Ȼ˰ǵ˴ˣΣǰҪʸף
˹˵Ԭ죬ͳһĴʱҸʮĻܣ˵ʮ겻ַڲżꣿȥҪ˰㻹˼˵ʸף
Ԭ΢ŭ˹㲻ҪƲԳԷƣʮĻǿԱʮģǴȥ꿪ʼǵ˰Ҳѹǣǵ˰Ҳͬʱˣ˰Ҿ͵ʲô¶ûз첻˰ɱ䣡
ַûлĻ˹϶óһֻȰԬߣ֮취ʵ̫һڿ⡣
ڲͬˣϴˣ̫һ㳲ǽһ򾡵ĺûᣡ
˹ЦԬ죬Ӳ鷳ͺˣ㻹鷳Ӹ㣬ѾܾˣǣĴĴǺܾˣ˰ǽܣ̫һǰÿ궼ҪôǽŮЩޣˣ
Ԭߵסˣ˹ߵҲסˡ
Ԭߵû뵽˹ṫȻǷ˹ߵ˶Ϊϴηᵼ
ԬǱߵҪ˹ߵ˶ǧ˲˵Ǳߵۺʵ˹ߵϣ


456 ɱ
Ԭŭã˹֣ӽɱǣȻ壡
壡
һԵĴ֣׷׶һˡ
Ԭ죬Ȼ̫һڵ˶ˣô°ɡ
һʮѪ˴ӿлķ˹
ЩͳһװͳһķͣѪɫĳ޷ƮѪɫĳɢϢѪɫĶʮħһ㣡
ЩصѪڵ棬վ˫м䡣
У
ǣһαǲܷеģֻаܵͿշУ
ڶףʮ˶ǰ񾳽ǿߣ
һʮ񣬺ǳԬߵģԬĵһƬ
ʣλǺˣ
ӵǺ£ıĳ֣šڤ߱񡪡
ڤ߱񹬣
û֣û֮ȫǳ֣
Ԭ켱æԭǾڤ߱񹬵λڴˣС۲ʶ̸ɽλ֮λ
µĵҲǵײ˰ѹ²ûдÿ궼ҪôǽŮһ㣬ﲻ⣡й
ɱ
²ûжϻֱ´ɱ
ʮѪ˶ûɱˣǴ˿ǶԥĳԬˡ
Щ˶ǴӴ֮ѡˣ˵ѹեҲΪʹ̫һڲ˰ҪǽŮ֮ʱÿ˶ŭ죬޲Щ˺Ƭ
ǰΪ񣬶˵ĶжǸŭԣǴ˿̣ͬˣǶѾ˾֣
ûԹ⣬ûô
Ȼûɱˣ˭֪ôȥɱˣ
ٻеķŭͳһȫ汬ʮÿ϶ɢޱǿɱԬ˾˹ȥ
ȻԬǧЩ񾳽ǿߣֻб׵ķݣ
Ѿת֮Ŀƺͳٶȫ˲ֻҪʶͿԿα񣬾ǿڵ֮ڣͰ޷Ტۡ
λˣˣǿͶ
ԬĻû˵꣬ںµĹ֮ѾһƬѪ
һ浹ɱǧʮǧһ㣡
˹ڿԼߵҪҪ֮ʱսѾˣ̫һûһڣ
Щ˵ʬµսһѶѺɫѪˮ֮ѪˮۿɼٶȷɣһлΪУ
ɱ˲ۼȻǺµĽ
ַ翴ԼЩ˵ս֮ǿο
ֱַӽ
˹żǧ֮ռ̫һڵĵ̣̫һڻɽĵҲ˹һʱռ졣
̫֮һڱûŪʲôַ֮ͳһ˺
ַ粢ûдɱ䣬ֱʮǿѹͶ
Դˣڤ߱ҲĴﴫ˳ȥ
ַף֮Ǹ߲κΪ˵õĻܣֻлܲԼʵǱ˸ôߵݺ͵λֻǱõĹߡ
ԣַдĻܲ˵бȻֵܼߵĶȪˮ
ȻȪˮĶǲ©ġ
ַͻܽЩ֮ϵɺܿͳһ
һУֻһµʱ䡣
ǵɣֹκδɱΪֻսΪ̲֮󣬱ǵĶͷ˾ǰǸɵϴ㱨ͳϽ˰ֻ˰²Ǻȥ֡
̲˼û˽˾ͻΧ
Ȼ϶ǲϻ̲γһĹģѹв
һһĳ̶ȣ˶ִѹ
ǵĹ򣡽ʽĹ
ϲԶ߸ϣ²Զ÷
ַܿ챻ע⵽ˡ
ǳڿƣȻڿ˰߸
ַ˺֮һֱûȥ˽ַҲû֣Ϊÿϵ̫ǿˣһףΪĴ壬кϵһ֮ϵȫѹ־ͿǳϷҪ򣬾ǹĴ
ַ粻ҶԸڼĿ֮¶ల£ϵҲ൱ûȥƽ⣡
ַͳһϢ˴֮ϣʱַֿʼ̲Ի˶ԺȺ֮
ַȻʮ񣬵϶ҧ󣡾ʮܻ̲Щ˿϶ȫսַ粻ðա
ڣַѾһǧ񣬵Щ¥һĴڡ
ַȰһ㡣
ϣַһ˺ƾơ
ˣͳһռףǸͳһˣͳһˣǵףҲûʲô壬ҪѰЩţԼ
ַ֪Ϊ˸˹һ֮ѣҲûҪȥԸڵڵʱڹչ˹ֻҪ˹֮棬ҾͰˡ
ַ֪˹ȻԼϵܺãǺԼͬһ·ˣ˹ħ½ɵˣС͹Űݵ
ڣ˹һһʱҲ޷Ӧֻ֪ʵվסţ
ԣ˹ͶţԸֻ࣬Ҫһݰһƽԣַ˹ʶһ˹æ
ô˹ģڻ뷨ô֪ѬģǾȨãֻҪ磬ÿ˶Ϊ棬ͻһһΪ㲻ͻᱻʱˤķǣ˵˹ϲƽûħ½ϻΪСĻأЩײʱ˹ѾӦĻҪһһֻϵ棡
ȥѰţ˹ȥ˳·ߣ˹ܾˣ˹ûʲôҰģʵҰķǳҾ£ȻûԸ˵Сܣ˹ҪԼ·㲻ͬ·
ַ˽Ļǲôַ綼Ҫ뿪ģ뿪֮ǰַ뱣֤˹İȫַ绹Ҫȥڴкġ
ڵˡ
˷ǳǿƣҪַһǰڣַӦ
ַڵȥ˺ǡ
˿ӱޣµ·̲ŵ˺ǡ
Űɸߵĳǽַ̾ѡ
ǽϵȵʯɣɽʯһҲ飡ʹ˹̵ˣαϵǿߣ
ǰǿҲɲȥ
ǽ֮ǧսʿѲߣЩ˶αתϵǿߣ
֮ˣϸ̲顣
ַЩڵƣüͽȥˡ
һƬ󣬿Ľֵˮǳ֡
֮󣬴УЩһЩ˶Ҫ񣬻߽ϵһ߸еõ
ַףںֻһɣĴ޷ȵġ
ַһ·߹ڶ񣡾ֱ߰ڵ̯Ķ񾳽磡
ڣַף
֮ںٷսɶڳͳ֮¡
Ȼ̲֮սҲǳ࣬Ƕڳ֮½еģһȴˣôҲͲԶˡ
ǣϵİ
ǵˣЩˣں֮ˣһԸں֮Щ֮ˣҲԸȥȥ졣
ΪֻҪڳһڵ̯ģҲݺøߺܶ࣡
ԣܶ˶ԸںһЩĵ飬ҲԸȥڳڣǰȫشȥ棬ʱпɥ
Ǻǣ޷ӵģȥڰ£Ҫڳſڵȼ̲飬ʲô´ãеǼǣ㲻ʱ£ֻ·һ
Ȼдĸ߽׻ܣںһطӣǺ֮ڵĵضΣ˸ģ۸֮ߣ޷ܣס棬϶ûͻᱻ̲
ȻʶĴˣĻʲôð죬ӿ϶ûġ
Ǻ֮ڵȼɭϣСе˸Ĵʲκιϵ
Сʱ˽ַһµıԺ
ȻﲢڵܲһССµйݡ
ûдַ磬һʱ䣬иΰ˻ĴӃ˹
̫ʦϣĿĿַ磬ڵ
ǣ
㣬ռ˺Ϊβڻ㱨
Ȼ̬ģ˵
ⲻô
һҪΪռ˺޷ˣң㵽ʲôˣ
ڵַ磬ַֻ֪Ǵħ½ģһ֪֮Զַ绹Ϊַռһص֯ڤ߱񹬵˳æ
ַ絭ĵһǺ̸ɣ㻹ûʸ񣡡

ҪŭַӰѾ󣬾ħѾĲϡ
˾һ亹ԷĲƶοûпͱˣ
ԷʲôΪ
ô˵ԼҲһתǿߣôһ±ƣԷҪɱԼղžɱ
£֮Щᣬȥ
ֻһССĹ£ҲǸˣҪҲǳѡ
ںҲһɣжʮа񾳽ʮ࣡
ϵԼϲ㣬֮йݱٶΧ
Ϊ׵һתǿߣַ磬ŭ£ҵǹƥڵң㵽ʲôˣ
Ȼ֪Ҿ͸ɣǾڤ߱񹬵ˣôȥ³
ַ籾ѾǸ£ȴ˰Χַ磬ַŭˡ
˿ǰһµͷ­ѾˣѪ֮С
һǿ߱ɱ
ɫһƬ԰ס
ڤ߱񹬣
Ϊ׵˸ûߵһΪ׵˶ֹһ
Ȼڸڤ߱񹬻̫һںͳһ¡
Ϊ׵һЦȻǾڤ߱񹬵ˣô
ɱһС£ֶַΣǾҲˣֻܽ
ֵСʱַ֮ڵ
ڵһƵͷ뷢԰ף˵ĸо
ˣϲ裡
ַɱѾ֪Ҳҵַ硣
ЦϷ𣬸µֶѾ֪ˣȻΪҪռڵĵ̺أʲô֮ϸϸ˵һһ
Ȼַ磬ڵܲԷɱĴҲǲѷɡ
𲻸֮ǰǲҶֵģһ˲õˣô鷳ˡ


457 ϴѣ
ַҲûʲôᣬҲһʱɣ֮ڴ඼ҵˣڵĵи֮ضѣ֪㲻أ
һʱȻš
𲻶ɫЦȻû⣬˵Ǿڤ߱񹬵ˣϷû˵¸֪Ϸһʲô
ַЦҲֻǾڤ߱񹬵һСѣǹ˵𣬻¡
ɱһǿߣϷ͸ֽ̼Σ
ڵܲţԷǿҲҰԼô
㣿ҹУ㲻䣡
ַĻ䣬ͻȻƾճ˶ʮѪˣʮĶһ㣬ȫɢޱȱϢΧ
һ㡭
ܵʮһ˶ǰ񾳽ǿߣоֲѡ
£ѵһλ飿
Դַʶһֱַ̽ϢǷֶԷһϢûУپ֣˵ԷΪ߳Լ̫ˣ
ڣˣ֮һܳôˣֻһܣǶԷһѾӵ飡
ҲֻܽװԼʱضԵǲ͵ս
Ȼ𲻿ܲµǬȥ
Ϊǣ黹кܶġ
ǲ鲢ҪֻҪ֪㲻ҽ֣Ҫҽ֣ɱǸ¾³
ַ˵꣬ʮѾսǬ
ŵĲᣬæˣк£ʾ
ַҵѽɣԺڵھͲҪˣô
ֻΪôСô
СףԺκҪڰæһȫԸİ
ãȻʶʱ񣬼ס˵ĻȻҲ㣬ЩŰɡ
ַóһƿȪˮ
ַȥ
ַ֮ƿӣһɹʵʻƿƮ˳
찡⡭Ǻα
ֻ˼оԼѾõ˴ĸƣ
Ѿֹöˣκ鵤ҩ޷ǰһˣоǰʥˮԼľ
ⱦԲӦóϣһξͿȫʣλ˾Ȼ͸һƿ
찡λ˶̫ˡ
ԼŻɱַ磬ȫһ
ڣ˾ģһҪλ˵Ľȫ֧ڣ
ַѾΪ˹̺·
ַͳһ򣬸ȣҲԺʱַߵĻ˹϶ùַû˼Ϊ˹̺·ʮ˹
ȻַֻǸ˹̺˿ʼ·ʣµ·ôߣҪ˹Լˡ
ַ˹ͻ˼̤Ѱ֮·
ʮ֮ˣ˿ǳᣬһ£ɢаͱϢ
ˣ˵ϴѣҪ
˹һ㶣ϴѣ
ϴȻܵ˹æһ£Գӭӡ
ĪƺħˣǣĪһֱɱǿһһߴַ䡣
˸ǸһƹݺȾƣ˺ܶ۾ڤ߱񹬺ַ磬һ·ڡ
ڤ߱񹬵ֻ˼̣һξ̫һڣѹ򼸸ɡ
Ǿڤ߱񹬵ȫǰľ磬Ƕؿֲĥĺۼ
ߣǰں˹ã˲˰ݰֵܣĵ´ķзһ룬϶Ǹصľڤ߱йϵ
ԣһʱ䣬ڤ߱񹬵ĺܶϢںܶƹݶ˿ĪƲҵ
ʲôˣʮǰߣַȥˣ
˹Ҳ̫ϴߵʱǰˣֲ֪ȥˣϴһġ
ĪƵʮϴģ
˹Цǣϴ϶ǳȥѰˣڤ߱񹬾һִǵĿͳһǣ
ĪǺðɣǾϴɡ
˹ĳ˶ǿ֮еǿߣҪ£ʱüЦ
ĪƼ˹ϴ֮ǰҪϴһ񣡡
˹ЦĪ֣ʲô񣿡
Ĵǣ
˹ıһˣĪ֣ЦˣĴжٸ֣˵ĴˣͺǣǶûʵõ£Ǿôˣ˼ġ
ĪƵ㲻ϴҪͳһôĴô̶ò̸ͳһǣ
˹һſֻ˵˵ѡ
ĪƵ˵ҪһǣǺǡһ졮ս֮ǰһҪµһ㣡
˹𾪵Ŀˣʲôһǣ˹óĪƲڿЦ
ż񰡣
죬˹
Գϴѣ
ɶѣ
Īƺħ겻ڣȥڴ̽Ϣȥˡ
Ҫºǣ϶Ҫ˽ֲʵǿȵȡ
һһŮ˾һ£ɢźڰϢ
ǸСͽ˼࣬С˼ȥѰǵһľ壬źǣһٶǰѾʧˣû֪Ǳˣȥϲռˡ
СַǣǺͽ˼˹
ʲôʮǰߣȥˣ
˹Ҳ̫ϴߵʱǰˣֲ֪ȥˣϴһġ
˹Ī˵ԭ
С˽һȻַҪͳһǣĪҲ˼࣬Ҳɡ
˼㣬ţһҲиӦǿɲռô򵥣ҪͳһǷǳѡ
С΢ЦţһʲôѵģǵĿǾ磡ַ´λ֮ʱǰĴ°ɡ
Աߵ˹ˣ갡׶ʲô
ϴôЩ̬
˹ͻȻַ˵ǵһѵģÿ˶ǳǿֻǲ֪ȥ
˹ַ֮ԼĵλΪ˵˼죬ǺַѶ֮λһȤûУַµʮַѺûз
Īƺħ֮ԴһҪĴǣҪǣһ̣ͻܶˣôĪƺħҪɱˣԾʹ
С֮ԴȻͳһǣ
ڸС˵ͳһҲǶԼһսȻСߣܶ¶ܶȻǿƣҪͳһֱȵ컹ѣ

ַ̤Ѱ֮;ַ·ǳ͵˵ģͻֻǴĴܱߵײѰԼҪˡ
ַΧ꣬Ѱҵʮ˸ˣ֮ڶ³Ǵ꣬ѰҵʮˣǴ꣬Ѱһʮˡ
ʮַڼ˵вѰҵʮˣɼܳΪ̫ˡ
ڼ䣬ַҲõĪƺ͸С˵Ϣ֪Ѿ˺ǣַ粢ûвֵǵսǰɰŶĥ
ʮַһֱײ֮ߣҲĸдЩ˵ıҡ
ûûʵûлܣÿÿ춼ĵĻţˣͿɱˣЩͼ˶ֻ·һ
ڵڿ˺֮ΧĵײԾԾԣкͼϵЩмڡ
ΪڸǴϣ˷ϲѹȵĻᣡ
ûһֱײ㣬Ҳûϲÿ춼ĵӣ
ԣͳһ˺֮ڶ̶̵ļʣµǵΧڣ
Ȼͳһǣռһսķ֮һ˳ɱһɶ
СΪߣͽԼ͸ڣڵЩСͰкں
ǲҲúÿǿѹƺ;޶Ƹ֮£ֻѡ񳼷
ȻСֲûЩЩǺͳһǿ׳ģҪǣʲôʽݾߡ
СڲһЩ֮ǰھͰѺеֲеϢ˽һټ㣬ⳡսʮþȣ
ͳһ˺֮󣬸СûмŶ֡
Сû֣ŭΧڣÿζʧܶգ
ÿǵһգԼڲַѣ֮ɳˣжǿߣÿΧ˶һͿأ
ʼʱǵûϣ󣬸Сֶѹǵǣˣַǣ
ǺεȵĿ£ؼʱַ̣ٶǿߣ
ַںֻ˰£ֵһǵ
ҹ䣬ֵһȾƣоǵľơ
СҵõϢʮ֮ͻǺǣȻ˵ĴѹȻݣֻҪճţ˰ϵǿߣһ˽Ǳߣ⼸ɱٶҳƣǻǧ񣡶ߣڼٶȻߵİΪǸߣһܣαǵ屶ԣֻҪǵİһĻǾͻ᳹ʧܣ
ĻıƣСԻǵѹģЩǵѾڸСδڣ˼Ҳˣȭͷ˵ȫ
ھԵ֮£κıƶ˲飡
ĸλԸСĻûлɣֻռǣǸСһָӣʤ࣬ıӦϣȡʤ
Сжʲô飬ĺȻõİ취ȥ
˹߾ʦʲô취ʤأ
С취϶ǵģĿǰõİ취ϴɣǺǡ
ַһ㶣ЦСҸճȥʮ꣬ò׻úõϢһ£ƨɻûأȥ̣
ĪƲͣ˵磬Ϊɽȥʮ꣬ʲôùܣڻˣҲóһɣ
ðɣҾͳɣǾͿλþڤ߱£
СãطǧһŽǣǧǾͽַȥŶˣַ磬Ҫ񣿡
ַʮ͹ˣ
˸С֮⣬һ㶡
ʮ
ַƲͣҪһЩ³ɣһȥʲô˼
˹𾪲ѣϴҪһ֮Կǧ񣿡
Ǻǡ˵أ
ַŵЦţȻаա
Сãǵٰͷһػǵĳǽֹ˹룡ֻҪаң˭Ҳ
ʮ֮ǴٽǣǰΧˮйͨ


458 СĶԼ
˵ıú͸Сжϵһǧ񣻶﷽Բǽ棬ĵоЩоɲֻܽóݻǽǡ
ȻǽܵĵоûжڵȣȴǧŹ֮ǲŻһٽ
С˵ģ˴εսǰ֮սֻҪʤˣʤһˣ˶԰˵Ц
֮ɱ죬֮ڵ˶Ļ̻̣Ƕڱʤ
Դͳһ˺ǵЩ֮һƬ̫ƽûѹեκŻһЩСҲûκ˰
СȶģԼͳΣȻֻʱģֻҪͳһ֮󣬿϶ҪʵһֵĹߣȻⶼǺ󻰡
ţǧ˳¥·ǲûп¥֮ϵĴֻ֣¥֮վʮһѪˣ
Ϊ׵վм䣬߸վʮˡ
ʶɨ˹ȥ˶ܲΪ֮˵Ϣߵʮ˶ǰתǿߣ
Ȼ֪Ǿڤ߱񹬵ˣ⼸Ǻܶ˶˾ڤ߱񹬵¡
˿̣ǧ񿴵зֻʮһ˶ԣѵҪʮһ֮ǧô
ȵţǵĳ˹ͶҪȻǾѪϴǣ
ַ絭ĵǾڤ߱񹬵Ĺڤ߱񡯣ʮϢʱ䳼ڱ򣬱ϴЩϣ
һڤ߱񹬵Ĺ
һ

˷ӦַѾʼ
ȵȣµʲôˣΪβĿˣ
ԷûаǷȻ˵ǧʵǲӦǰʮһˣжڴģ
ԷһǿߣЩһ㲻ĴСطġ
ʼǵ˼ƻвԷͶĻȻòͶɱһɶ
ǣû뵽вĻû𵽰ãԼߵȴвˣҲأҲǷϻֱ
壡

ַ
ǺεˣȻܾƾŶԷһ仰ȥûԸ⽫ԼĻҵȥˣ
£ǿ飬ֻҪĿˣܶǶ̸˵ġ
ţ
ַ纰ھĶᵽɤϡ
ʮ
ַں꣬ĵǻᣬǲϧͽϴȥ
ѾǧûжˣҲûһ½ˡ
ǧꣿ
ַ統ȻڴЩˡ
ʮ￴ŰɣαԳ֣
ǣˣ
ʮ˻ûмַԳ֣ȻַһˣǵȴûгɱˣЩڻַʵ
Ȼʮ˵ʵܺǧ񿹺⡣
ʮ˿ַһƮȥһѾʮ׵ľ롣
ʮף
Ͳַ֪ô˷׷һĺ˰׾롣
˵ʶϢַȥÿ˶֣ǵʶϢ޷ַ磡
ǧͬʱһˣǸ飬Ҳᱻʱѹƣȴһ㶼ץסַκι켣ǰǲһ㣡
жѡ
ַ絭ĵʵҲɱǣǾڤ߱ڼǿߣЩ˶ǲɶõ˲ţѡ񳼷ңҽɱ磡ҪѡҾͳȫǣڣĻᣡ
Ц㲻ҪŪ٣һճǼƣҴϸоǿߵϢǼٵģǧ˻ɱһôɣ
ַ磬ַվԭһַʮ׾֮ʱַϱһֵϢܿ죬ַʮ׷Բ˸ɷ֮
ɷ֮½ʳƬ
ַһһӰѾǰַϵɷֱ֮ӽ˹ȥ˲ʳһƬѪ
֪ʲôѾȥ

Ҫɱ㣡
ʮַ˹
ȻַǳǿЩҲַ֪Ķ֣ÿ¶мĸЩ˶ԳĹˣ֪ԼУҲҪ͵ƴ
ַվԭûжͻȻϵɷ֮͵ıʮ׷Բܲ͸ɷ֮
ʮ˵ĹƲɷ֮ʮҲɷ֮֮µꡣ
˲ûжǱŵֵûУ
ַ糷ȥɷ֮ĵ˭Աʵ
û˿Ҳû˶֣֮Žŵա
Ҳ
ʱһŮӶ˳溮˪Ŀַ硣
ǳ󾪣ȥû£
Ը׵ףҾǲ㲻ҪܣҪ򣡡
ôΪĻڲʲô
֪ԼŮԼͷܶԽ鶼ŮæģҪͷԼŮʲô¡
ԸͶҲԼŮ
ַǲҪˣȻλСҪҴҲλС㣬ˣͼǾڤ߱񹬣Σ
ַ˵ɱԼŮ
ЦǺãҺ̫ƽˣľôߣֻǰһתľ磬Һ϶䣡Ҫǻһֶķô
ַЦãöʲô
ĵǲǶʲôУ
ǿɲУƽ˴Լ֮ĸıҶָƣҪұӣǲöģҲˣҲϵģ˽֮⣬Ҷģ
ɫЩѿַһ仰·ˡ
㽻֪УҪǻһǴڳ˶ĶķǶôҪ˵һõľڤ߱񹬵ĹһСѾͷĶԼҽӣ
ַ㲻ҪûõġأһȽϺãҪҶû⣬ֻҪһᣬҾͺģ
У㲻ҪϵѾͷ϶Ūһ
ַԽѾͷɰģĶҲ޷˿ʱʵʲô
ַ޳ýֱˡ
ĵô˿ţҪˣ
ַþڤ߱񹬵Ĺһˣô˵Լʲô
ǺãǶʯͷ

ַһ㶣ֳеİ񶼾ˡ
˵ҪСȥô˭Ҳû뵽Լ
ô㲻ôѾӦˣ㷴ڣȥ㣡
ַЦ˵ôҪӳ룡
ξȻӦˣ
ʲô룿
ַˣе˰ҪǾڤ߱񹬣ӴĴǾڵĵ̣ô
ãˣҪĿУӴں;ڤ߱񹬵˲ǵ鷳
ַС㣬Ļܴô
ʱһһ̬һжС
ȻǶףĻᣬҲȡĻᣡ
ǰʶκǾıȣһֶӮ
ã
£ַˡ
˵Ŀⶼš
ʱ
ַ翴ĳһƣַʱ򣬳˸ȭͷ
˶ɫһһƬɷף
ˣС㣬ˣ
ˣ
ַȻˣˣ
϶һֲΪֶ֪ˣˣβ㣬ٱȣ
ַЦãٱȣʮζУ
ã˵ģʮΣֻҪʤһΣӮ
ǰɣģ
ַʱףһΣ䡣
ʮΣ䡣
·ô
ߣǱʮΣʮΣ͸֤һǶֶ֪Ӯˣʯͷȫȵ㲻Ҫ˵ÿεôãǲܵģӮʮεļʣֻаٷ֮ѵ͸պײٷ֮ô
Ѿͷƻ
Ѿͷ㻹ôȻ㲻Ҿͱȵٸһλᣬȷ˵
ЦǻǱʯͷΣǸһֽ˿ԼҪȵдȥȻԴ򿪣˭Ҳ޷ף
ַΣһλᣡˣȡ֣Ҿʹɱ䣡
ã
ַóһƬд˸ʯͷɵһЦƺܿ͸ַдʲôЩ˸
дô
дˡ
Ϊ˹ƽΪ˷ֹף˽е˿ڵϣ˴򿪣ô
ַҪô鷳ôдʯͷ
Цдǰˣ
ôַƲͣ򿪿֪ˣ
˿ַʯͷǼ
ɫҰףôⲻҵıʼдģ϶㶯ֽţ
ʱдʱ򣬺ļҲڿţдǰôɼأ
ַЦ˿һֱУ㽻ȥ򿪣ҪֽҲǱߵˣôңԸķ䣡С㣬ɣ
ûȷַ綯ֽţַǧ˵Ƿ켫߾磬дİַǧ񹦱˼
Ҷַֽ֪ţû֤ݣ
˵ʲô׼æסǳǳλԸ⳼ڤ߱񹬣֪λΣ
µǺͶ³ǳֻܵͷ
ַãڿʼҶԼˣӽ쿪ʼҶڣ
ֻҪʵܽ˲ڽ£˭һͲ㣡
С㣬ߣ
ðС㵹ҪǾڤ߱񹬵˵ж
ַС㣬֪ݴҲǳãôõʵûкõ㸸ߣһΪľ硣ңұ֤Ϊ߸ߵľ磡ǣǾڤ߱񹬵ˣҪԹԵܽڤ߱񹬵κ鶼֪Υߣɱ
ûбַŵգĴ۾ܸܲҿһʵò
Ҫ
š
ã磬Ҿ͸㿴
Ѿͷһ´ˣЩ˵̫ңԶˡ
ַǳʸߵˣص֮ڤ߱񹬵죡
Χǵȫ룡ԴˣĴǱͳһ
ȻЩͱڣСҪеǰ
Դ֮󣬾ڤ߱񹬵ͷĴǿʼĴ˿
Ĵ֮ϵ졢ءĴޣСһĿǴ֡
ĴǱ޵ѹƣҲĴ
ÿ꣬ĴǶҪ޽ĻܺŮĴҲ޵ĸ
ĴǱħڿƣ޵ҲûйܣǴĴǵͳ˭Ĵڲ£޸ʣֻÿ˰Ҳû٣ŮҲû١


459 һжǼٵģ
ȻСոտĴǣڸȣħڵڸ޷ȥ⡣
ڣСַҪ˴ȪˮԼµʵ׳֮ĶԸޣ
˰գСȻһӶĸ潻ȥ
һƬ죬ĴǾǳʱͿԵڸСҪĵһ£ȥݣžڤ߱񹬵Ǳޣ𽥵վסš
СԼĿ꣬ʮ֮ޣ
ַҲȥޣȻַûк͸Сͬ·
ַȥߵĽҰȥЩײ֮мѰԼҪˡ
ҪĴǴϼĵײ̫ˣĴСɽûС˺䡣
ַ绯ˣǳ͵һһңÿҵ츳֮ˣַ綼ûܽЩߡ
ַ޸ʮ꣬ǧˣ֮Щ͵˸Сַ̤֮;ǰޡ
ȷǳζַҪȥޣַʮ꣬ѰǧˣСȥ
СѾһȻС·ǳ͵ôѾڰ̲֮ٸ
ڻǽ޵ʱ򣬵ȵС𽥽Щ֮ʱǽ֮ʱ
Сʲôַ綼ûйܣַһֱС͹ˣǶԸС֧֣
ַѰĴܱߵţǵһĵײˣַѾȫˡ
ַ󹦸ɣǧװǬǱ˸Сĵ̣Сһϲ
ַǱ˸Сķ丽ַΧǿϢΡ
ʲôôأ
Сƣ϶סַ磬ַɵĴʶΣĿ䡣
ڿᣬַҪŽȥͻȻ̸ַֹ˵Щʲô
ǸСĪơħͽ˼ˡ
ĪƵСڵʵȥûһʱģѾע⵽ߣչĻһѹǣʱǵļƻͻ飡
С֪ʱǲսѾûжˣǱͳһǵʹʱ䲻Ļǿǵĺ󱸼ƻ
ħַأַѾħħȫӡˣǲ֪ʲô
ַһ㶣ħ仰ʲô˼֪ʲô
ĪƵǶû뵽ַҪӡħֵҲû뵽ûħֵַȻôǿħֵôڡս֮ϻʤҪõġ֪ʲôģ֪ʲôĻСˣİɡ
ħֵⲻǣַ統ӡħ֮ʱֻ˵Լ̫ǿ޷ͨħ½ǵͨѣڣѾˣΪʲôӡ϶֪ʲô
СЦС꣬ˣַ粻⿪ӡֻԼһħݱ¶ѣ˶ѣ£ôַ֪һʱǳǿҲ֪ʲôӡħĻᣬʱɡ
£
ַķǳƣǼʲôңΪʲôҪң
ħ룬Ϊʲôַħ½֮ʱûħħʲôסģʱַ˵Ļ۸պڳǵļƻôַûŮְעѹַϣ¾Ůѹˣ
ƻַ˸⵽ô£
ĪƵС̫꣬߹ַˣôǿҲֻǵӶѣİɣ㸸׵ĳ𣬵ʱˣһᱨģ
ַĵһƬʲôĪҪɱң
ַȥʸףûУ
ӣֻһӣ
仰ǴĪƿ˵ģ
ǴԼεֵܿ˵ģ
ַԸһжǼٵģַԸԼûн̸
˿ַѾˣĸˣһֱԼ
ħֵܸоַ֪ʲôĴѰţԼ룬ҪͳһǣַͲ룬ֻæԼ£ҲܰٷְٵĿ϶ַ֪ʲôȻһЩ飬ֲܵģǻСΪϣҪַ磬ǵļƻܳκβ
СЦţħ̫꣬߹ַˣôӳǵģ̸޵£̸£
ĸ̸޵£ַûȥһĬĬ뿪˸Сĵ̡
ַһƬɭǳȶ
Ϊʲôѵôҵֵܸ鶼Ǽٵô
Ϊʲô
ĪƳʶ֮ε֮ս˴˶ԸΪԷѵĸҲǼٵô
˺͸С½֮ʱʶСڰԼΪԼ˲⣬ռ䣬СΰæԼѵһֱԼô
˼࣬ԼһѪԼͬĸ׽㣡׽ҲҪԼô
ħַ꣬죬ַɱħĸףħԼԭɱԼҲ쾭壬ôΪʲôҪôԼ
ЩǼٵģǻʲôģ
ˣַ磬Ҫˣǿһ㣬ʲô˵㱻ˣҸ㣬ܵľħҲˣǧǰҲˣ̹Ҳˣռ֮ˣŮҲˣ˵ô£㼤ʲôõ˱ʲôǣ
ַƽһԼ飬˵ʵˣҪƭҶã
Ȼƭ㣿ʲôʱƭˣҲϴħ½ħʱ򣬾ŮĻӰ֮Ҳ֪һУҲǸܺߺòãôȥƭ㣿
ַͽԼϵַܸܵ仯ַŽ飬Ž飬ַ绹ȥ˭
ַǵԴԼħѹԺַ簦̾һַ˵ʲôû˵ڣҲǸ˵ʱˡ
齫Լ֪һжַ硣
ַ翪ʼʱ򣬷ǳʹ࣬ĻһѰһַ̽ѣǽ˵겻ãַ쳣ƽ
һĮƽ
ַ磬㲻Ҫ룬Ī֮ĸ鿪ʼʱģҲµûĻĪˡѪħ󷨡֮𽥵õѪħĴУ֪ʹ֮УħҲǻ˴еǰѪħţڽ˼࣬ˡħ󷨡϶Сˣ
СһǳµˣħھŷǰħŴһжǿҲ֪ߣӵһݣħĴħ֮һġħԺĵˣ
ĪǡѪħħµĴħ֮һ˴м֮󣬸ᱳħħϣҸܵһ£ûв´ĻħħĴħ֮һġħ˼ˡħ󷨡Һħȥ½羫֮ʱħһŮڣûŲ´Ļǡħӡǣ
С˾ħĴħ
鱻ԼƶһҲ˵˵Ųƶ˳
ַ˽ƶҲ𾪲ѡ
飬֪ˣ˵ҪҪԸСˣҵӦÿɱǡ
Ҫһɱˣڶ֪Ѿ֪һеĻ϶Ը㣡ɱǣħ;Ůļƻ֮п϶Ľɫ㻹֪˭ɱĸҲ·һҪ֪ܳħħ֣ħ;Ů֮ѡ㣬Ϊڸ֮سдԴħѪҲħ;Ůģȫȱĳħħֵռħ֮ħѾħѪˣǵļƻħɱ㣬Ȼ÷֮ħֵħ֮壬û
أǿеħ֮ǳ֮壡㲻ӵħ֮ǳ֮Ļ¸Сͳɱ㣬ȻѰӵ֮ˣżƻǸ˻ħֵȻħ֮壡ǸȥħǣħħħһͻǸ˵ħ֮ħ֣
ԣڵ㣬װ֪ҲȻĽƾͼǣȻԼԼֻҪܳԽħ㻹ħôʱɱ˭ɱ˭
Уô£׻᲻ᱻߣǻǾŮģʱħʱҲڳӡǽħħŷӡԼħ֮ڣҪһ㡣
Уַ磬Ҹ㣬ڵֻ꣬н飬ûнǣҵĽħǷӡţ϶˯ħħţʱħ϶Ὣջȥԣʱʧȥҵ
ַ絭ĵ飬˵Ҳûأ
ʱСٻѻͺ·˳
ַ罻̸ĻСٻѾ˺ºͻ
˺ܾãĲˣСٻ˷˳
ӿ϶û⣡̵Σô˵ҲĴޣĴ˺ħվһߣսû뵽Ҳˣ
߹ȥַұۣ磬ģ۷ʲô£Զᱳ㣡
СٻŭСٻͣЩ֪ԽԽãѾ˵
СٻеΪ̵סôħҲƭˣ˳˯ˣҪȻ䵽³ôһ䵽½ô
֪Ϣ˶Ƿŭѣʹļװ
ַˣǲҪˣҶԼˣ֪ûµġԺҲСѩ֪ġ
ַʽ飬ľҲû⣿
ӦûУֻͨˣӵҲֻǾŮŵӶѣʲôҲ֪
ַͻȻоԼߵ̫ˣ
ֵģϽ۷ʲô£ֻҪŽһ¶ģ
أַȴֵ֣һֱԼֵǶԼĺãԭΪ˸ħ
һжǼٵģ
ַĲ֪ڻȥ˭
飬ҿҪȥɱˣ
ɱˣȥɱʲôˣ
ַҪޣҪСһЩ鷳
ַҪɱ˷ййеԹޣ
龪Ҫɣһ֮޷Կ޵ģ޵ûô򵥣
ַɱޣȻңɱˣԵֿǿߣܻôҪߣ˭׷ң˭Ҳ֪ҵݡѾע⵽ڣ׶Σ޳һ£˿϶ỳɵС˵ϣֻҪǻɾͺãСͻ鷳ϣ
Ǻðɡ
Ҫ㣬϶Ҫģ
ַһߵƹȾơ
ַ簵й۲һĵΣȵҹַýڤħ𣬷ɵ׵ĸ߿գ֮ʶɢţѰǿĵط


460 ս
ǧǿߣЩǰת;תǿߣˣַо飡
˽һֱַӷųɷַ֮Ϊģǧ׷Բ֮ȫܼɷ֮
ַôɷ֮ȥ
ַӰһ䵽棬ǧ׷Բ֮ڵһһ˲䱻ʳƬ
һٶûŪʲôͱһѪ
Ķܿ쾪֮еǧǰ̵ַ˹
ʱ֮£ټַɷ֮Щ񶼱ַһһɱЩ˵ȫա
ַһ·ɱûܵסַĽŲ
ַɱеѹҲ˺ܶࡣ
ȫɣ
ַԶɢȺ֮гȥ

ַɱ𾢣ͻȻоͷһɽصַѹ
ַʹʱҲӲ˹ķΧ
ַоԲ֮ȫ첻ɵֵѹ
ַǧ׵ɷ֮ҽ˵صס
汻ַɷ֮˺飬һԲǧףʮɵӡ
ʲô
ѹ߽쿪ɣҪȻ߲ˣ
ַһ߽飿ַּǿߣ
ַ缱æôã
麹գԼ򣬽Ҳһֱûн̹ʹķΪּĵˣַ粻֪ôá
򿪵ֱõĹȥԸˣŵڵĹȥͶԷȥҾͺˣô򵥣
򵥣˵򵥣ַ绹֮Уĥǹ
ţַûпԷֻǱһǿޱȵĹѹ˵صף
ַշȥֱһ
洫һϵ磬ɱô򣿡
Ҳ룬СΧȫܽһжݻ٣ҸҾȥô
ַ类˼£ǾҲַǳ֮壬ô
ַ簤˼£ٸѪӿˣǺ˼Ȫˮֺˡ
£㵽ʲôˣΪ޸ɱˣ
ַΣλӵ鲢û֣츮̸ַС
ַ翴ǧ֮ͷмľλַߣ츮ĸп͡
Ҳǳƣôǿǿ츮ôɱأ츮֮ܵǿǿߡ
ַ糷ȥɷ֮˵ϣҪӵʱ䣬ҪĿƷͶԵзúõоһٺͶԷս
֪ʲôˣ˵
п͵ǿߣ϶ͷˣΪβԱأ±ɣ£ǿִⲻ˵ĻϷͣ
ͣĺˣûʲôȤͣдܡ
пЦʲô츮ͣһúд£֤סһǳ⡭ҿͲһҰɣѾ˲ĳɾͣţضǴ֮еˣ±Űɡ
ꣿż񰡣ϲġ
ַЦðȻҪдңȸĳҺϼ̸ô
пɫһ䣬£֪ʱָûõģܲģ˵ɣ´˷ǰк⣿
ַȣӸ㣬ɱ˵ģҵҪ츮ǿߵжǿ
Сӣ
п˵꣬ŭˣ
ַ翴ռ˺ѳһ޴İ֮ȱڣ汬޵Լɱ
ַоԼȻһȷŵҪǿ󼸱еǴ˷ַ強ѹҪַѹһ㣡
ַд𣬡

ַͷ֮ϵĿռҲ˺ѳһ֮ѷ죬ɫĹпȱڳȥ
ɵЩɫĹǵĹ
˿˿
䣡
һ̶п͵ѿ֮һıըɫƺп͵
пƺһˣһѪ˳
磡
Զλߴ󾪣Ǹû뵽ԷҲӵ򣬶ĻҪǿ
Լ֮ڵ糱ˮһַ˹
䣡
ֹѹһַֹڲУһըַоһ
У㱿ǽȥҪ
ǽѾ˵̫ˣַѾܵպϣĹصĻַϣַ嵹ǧףˡ
£û뵽һ飡˵㵽ʲôˣ
λ߿ַˣûмڴȥ
ûŪԷʲôԷһ飬ǲɱ
ַȻˣ¼Ȫˮָֻ˺ܶࡣ
ڤħ𣡡
ʱ򣡡
ɷ֮
ַεʱǸԼ٣ȫǧ׷Բɷ֮ϯȥ
λߴ󾪣æˣҲҽӴַΧɷ֮
̫ˣλҲҳȥ
ִԲ򣡡
֮
пұߵߵüһ貶͵һĻַ˹
ַЦаһ
λ߶֮ܽѾ˵ĵƷһ̣˶ɵˡ
пʹȥ֮ȫԷգ
ַնԷ֮д󾪣ɫҲǳѿЩַ֮֮ںֱײַ߻ħ
ַޱ޼ʵǿ󣬸ղһ£ַ綼ǳܲġ
ַ缱æáһЩ
Ҳֽ֪Уһսʱ֮ɱ֮֮ɢЩ֮ѣַ磬ҪСˡ
ַɷ֮ЦҲ֮ôûΧԲǧ׵֮ôЦˣ
Ҳ֮
鶼ǰַʹõɷ֮֮оǳǿ죬ݻǿ
ɷ֮ħַֻ֮Բɷ֮һĹȥΪЩ˾ûˡַһƽɷ֮ΧԼߣʧɷ֮
ɣУ
Щַ罫ɷ֮˼Ļп;˹ȥ
пҲʹַ֮֮Ժһ
䣡
ըģռ˺һʱѷ졣
󣬼ɷ֮ӱըľֱӽпͻɣ
пٴˣ
ַҲû뵽ɷ֮ôǿ
п͵ɫǳѿַµʲôˣţ
ַ򲻹ңҾɱ㣡
ַоԼôǿԴ˿̷ǳš
ַ籾ɱ˵ģɱ˶֣ôַͺԥĽնɱ
ַ緢֣ڤħʱɷ֮ܺһս
ַûз֣Ȼôǿ
æҪϼһƴǺ㽻սûʹɱ̫ˣô򵥣Ѿ꣬ϼһ֮Բ٣ʱǴƴľ֮ʱûɷ֮·һ
ɣַոոоԼǿʱ򣬽ֽһˮ
пһɱң㵱ɱôǰ֮̽̽ѣ㵱Ϊܴˣ
ʱпͺߵ߲׼
þöûгˣ쾹Ȼˣ˵ζ˻
ַ˽ĻҲ׼ˣæλǸɶǲˣڣ
Сӣӣ
ַڤħߣλ׷ᡣ
ַΪԼڤħٶ׷ϵģַȴˣԼٶȴǰλٶȲַ
ַ飬ʲô
ڤħҪİħѪȥڣħѪӡˣҵİҲǺܴڤħѾ˶ڷɶɲ
ַƣĸоñ˵ĶĲá
ַһ·Уں׷ᣬʼʱַ绹֮ܺ룬ǽģ˫֮ľԽԽ
鰡أ㵽ô°
һʱˣҿƴڽ֧УڵѾʣ޼ˣ֪׷Ŀ飡һֱߵٶȷУ֪жô
ַĳڵٶȣʱ֮ͿԷɳޣ
ǽڲˣѾŲ˶ˡ
ҲַٶȽıæٽ׷˹ȥ
Сӣ־ܣҪȻĶˣ
ַɱ꣬б׷˵
ʱѾ΢΢һ·ĵطе˶֣ޱȾĿ׷ɱǰһˣܶ˶ϳ˺츮
ûпκһ˳֣ΣȻ׷ɱһˣ
ַʶһ˿ܼĵطȥ
ַһ֮ȥͽݺƬ
ǵĽһ޷ݻٵģ˿ַһоͽĽݻ٣׷ɢ
Сӣˣ
ͬʱ֣֮ϯǧ״λַ

ַŴɷ֮Ļƴɱȥ
䣡˫֮Ժ֮£ֱձһĢƣ
һ֮£龹Ȼַɷ֮Ľڽڰˣ
ַȻ飬ʲô
Ϊľ磬ֻתңһα֮϶ҪǱĶ࣡ΪľǸߣĿ̫֮ˣҪȻһɷ֮֮һͿɱ飡޷һοô֮ģ񷽲һʹô㶼ᣡλսԣֻӣ
ҪԼ֮ĿƣҪϵ֮ɱˣ磬ӵо飬Ҫ˵ˣǧͿɱ
У鲻ɱ㣬ˣصĻûˣ
λַһ±ˣ˶һ㶣ĳˡ
пͿַһѹ˹ȥַ֮˹ȥ
пߵĶұߵҲصӺ޾֮ݺݵַ磡
򣬶֮еĹˣһ򣬶Ҳ˵˭ãǿôڵһʱѹƶԷ򣬴Ӷ־Լ
ֻҪ˾Լ򣬶Է޷ԼٿôԼں͵˽֣֮еĹͻȫԵѹƵˣ
ȻһԼǿǿߣԼԷǿܶĻôǿпʼ򣬾ͻԼű롣


461 Ĵħ
ºٷڷֵ˱Լǿܶ࣬û˻ѶԷԼĴӪƻģַ翪ɷ֮Ժ鶼ԸַԼΪԷƻ̫ˣ
˽ȥֶ̫ǿ޷ѹƣôͻڵһʱŵ˳
ַһ±֮ȫѹƣֻƴʹɷ֮͵˶ԺţסַķУϾҪ嵽ַǰ
飬û
У
ַдȣ򣡡
Ҫַһ֮ʱͻȻֵֶϿճȻǵ޼
˶ʱоѹٶҲ
ʲô
֪Сӷǳ죡
һôܳ򣿺ǵһģһѵǸƣ
СӵʲôˣôѲ
˵ǸǿڣַڸܵˣԼ˶ֵַ֮ʱоѹʱס顣
ǣַǰȥ
ַոշ˰ףоڤħϵڽʧȻ׹䡭
ô£
갡ΪҪáħ߲㡮ⰵɱѾҷȣ
Ȼ˵Ŷⰵɱˡ
ˣ


˾ħ߽ڣõ߽֮󣬾ǡħ߲㡮ⰵɱƿκԵ򹥻ʹѹ
鼱æʣһٻħģסҶȪˮظһ֮ٻ޾ԨľǵţͿܣ
ַ˵ϣǧ֮⼸ǧΧ۵ûһ˸ǰ
Сӣôˣûô
ϷַΧ˾ķ˵ʶ޷ַ磡
˴һս֮޷ˣǷеģҲ飬סڣѾˣ˵ʶͬʱѹȻ޷Է
˵Էǿ˼屶ϣ
ʲô
ַ絭ЦɱңҪȻ´μ棬ǵڣ
Ҷ֣п͵£㵽ʲôˣǣ츮˸£˵֮һĻҾ͵ʲô¶ûз
п͵ĻѾ˵ĺˡ
Ȼ鷢ֶԽԽǿǾԽɱ֣
һ˰ҾܳΪһ飬츳Ҫзǳ֮ߵЩҲֻЩ֮У
ԣпȻ뽫˺Ƭ˵ȴԽԽˡ
ַʱ䣬ĵʵҺ츮Ҳûʲôޣֻ̽һ츮ĸжѣأǾȻ˴һ磡
п͵˵ЦˣµΪǳ֮ߣһ˿²ǸµĶ֡£ݰɣֻץ»ȥˡ
ַоλҪˡ
ãˡַǾڤ߱񹬵ˣȻֻһССͷĿѣңǹ˵ģ
ַ粻˵ԼôѾ˺ǿʵ˵ҲûʲôôСǱж鷳ַ粻ˡ
СΪ¾ͻȥԼ֪ʲô
ȻַʱòԼԭеòǧ񹦻ûġ
ʱǳƣʾû˵
п͵£Ǵһٶݣ㵱ǲɱô
ַ΢ŭڸʵݣǾȻţڤ߱ʮǣûгˣ
ʱԶһλˣڤ߱⼸ͷǳµĴǾǾڤ߱񹬰пƵģ
ĴǣѵĴǱͳһˣ
ǣλˣڤ߱񹬵ˣΪ͵Ķǰתϵľ磬ÿγһ£޷ΧҲ־ڤ߱񹬵ˣ
ΪͶǰתϵľ磿
鵹һôǿ״ðģ
пͶַãʱǾڤ߱񹬵ˣô츮ܲɱˣΪ£
ν£Ҹ㣬Ǿڤ߱Ҫͳһǵһ㣡츮
ºǿ涯ˣ
Ҫ֡
ַдһħ£
鰡һޱĵҳ˯ˡ
ΧĿռ˺ѳѷ죬һĺԨ˳
ɱ
ַԶȥľס顣
ʲô
ѵǷٻĶħ
찡磡
Ӱѣ£ɱҪСܵ
ַʱ񱼣Χַ

ַɷ֮ǰȥ·֮أסַȥ·ȫ˺Ƭ
ַͣЩΧַǶ׷ɢûַܽ
ʮ֮Ͽմһȡ
Сӣӣ
Ȼ磬ֻĲֻӰѡ
Ȼ˵ǼĲǽ鵲߰˷ӣ
ɢ֮ܿ׷
ַڤħĻˣ߰˷ӵʱ䣬ҲӰˣ׷ϡ
ǣĹȳ˯ˣ޷ڤħҪڤħҪ⿪ħֵķӡѶȵ£ַģֻܽܽ⿪ӡ
군ˣ
ַ׼ƴ֮ʱƮĸڤ߱񹬵ˣ
Ѫ¹棡
ߣｻˣ
˵ǸСַǵϢ֮иоĵǸС˼ࡢĪƺħˣ
ַǵסô
СİɣɱǣҲ˲ǡ
ַìܣԼ츮Ϊ˸С鷳СȷԼ
Ȼ˵ԼΪǵĿģǾȾǾȣ
ַһȥ
һǾڤ߱񹬵ˡ
пλ츮׺Ǿڤ߱ʲôԹڿ˵˰ɣ
Сĵλط˵Σ
ã
һ츮֮һƬԣﻨɽ֮С
п͵˵ıչ֮û˻ģڣǿ˵ˣǵʲôˣ
Сʵ֮ҲûʲôԹǾڤ߱񹬵һֱϲģȴҲǼȻˣҰǴǵϳôǵǾˣ
СĻ䣬˷׷жȥϵߣϵϢ䣬Ĺϵħѹλ鴭
СɫҲ𽥵ıɫȫɢħΧ׷ԲĻľ˲ή
ĪȫһƬѪ죬ȫðѪɫ֮ʵԵĹݺݵĴλɨλţԾĵ˼
ħɢһȫܵƤѸٱһƬɫ֮ɫȫɢɭͿֲĸо
˼ϱİϢϢҲħͳ˼ȫɫĳȾһƬڣ˲ɭȻĺ⡣
鿴˵ı仯оѡ
ܿ죬пʹĪϵϢжϳĪƵݣһ㡭ǾѪħ
Īû
Сô²˭أ
㡭㡭Ǿħ
Ǻǣ㿴Աߵλأ
ϲ˵ݣֻҪϳѪħһ£뵽˭ˡ
п͸ħϵǾħ
ħ국ĵЩʶûǾħ
أ˼ЦϳңҾͲɱˡ
֪Ǿħ
˼ЦûħµĴħϳһ϶ʶҲǵ컯
ߣϵϢȻ죬ѾΪˣΪֻתҵľ磬תǿߣ¹˭ֻ֪أ
СЦĴħֿĻħɱҲɱǣĸ֣ǵͿԺ϶ΪһΪܵסô
пЦħµĴħˣһħѾ˰ɣûв´Ļź˽ֵˣһħ
Сûµһ㶼ûˣ
пѾ֪ô࣬ζҪɱ
ħ
Ѫħ
ħ
ħ
Ĵ϶Ϊһڵһʱ俪
䣡
䡭
˫Ժ˼£ѷƬ˵޷Ĵħȣ
֮£Ŀ֮Ĵħϯȥ֮סĴħɡ
˶֪˵˵ǾӲ
Сʶһ𣬸Сһͷ˿ԼڵѸ
֮ĹĴħͲᣬֱӿź϶ΪһġħĹ˾˵
ħ֮У޾ɱ¾ħħһ½άľʶȫѹƣ

Ĵħͬʱ֣ħѪħħħĴ񽣺϶Ϊһһǧ֮ĹĻֱӽնϣ
֮󣬽⽫걬飡
ɱ֮ȥ򣬶ָԭ˶˵ϣɫǳѿ
СڵԱǿб˺̫ˣַѾ뿪ܶˣΪʲôͻȻɱܲΪʲôַ籾ô嶯ˣΪΣַⱩ¶ݣ˵Ǿڤ߱񹬵ˣѵɱǴ鷳ô
ĪҹַΪԼ㹻ɱ츮ɣǰæɣû뵽츮ôŻᱻ׷ɱڱ¶ݣǳֵĻҲַ磬ַҵֵܣ˽ˡ
ħҿַʹ˵Ѿ˱ӡħֵûпҪȻôУ
СεҪַ˵ز˾ǿߣ

ַӳ֮˺ߣûһòһĵطˡ
α׷ɱַûôǱ
Լȥɱ˵ģͷɱ׷ɱˣ
ַһֱΪԼʱǳǰǵĴʱûжã
ʱֹͣУս֮и޷ʹãַʱĲ
ַףԼĸ߽֮䣬кܴľ룡ȻԼǳ磬Ƕ֮Ŀ̫ˣԼ֮Ҳ̫ˡ
ַո²ãһʵַĶڣ⺣ߵľɫɣˣźȷһ¡


462 һ
ַһԼԱһˣ˿ģֻжʮ£ϰ׾ʣһһȾôȻַ֮
ַŵĲᣬʲôʱģʲôʱԼߵģַ綼ûз
ַ籾Ǭ˵ģǿĺź˳ʯĿ񣬶˾ȻܺϢԼߡ
ַ粻ɫĵҲģ
⹫ӵҲģġ
ңʲôÿģǺǡ
ڤ߱Ĳǲ֪㳤ô
ַѾԷ֪Լ˭Ҳֻ֪ԼǾڤ߱񹬵Ĺ֪ԼݣԷҲܿĳԼòǼٵģ
ַ絭Цº֪ô֪ڤ߱񣿸µң
㣿⹫תͷ΢ЦţûȤȥ㣬ֻǶԾڤָ߱ȤѣҲȤѡϴͺ֮⣬һ֮ǵǿߣҸպÿˣսôĶ벻ҲɲңԣҾ￴㡣
ַ֪ǰ˷ǳǿǿδսڰԼֲˣ
飿
ַ綼ˣѾȳ˯ˡ
ַɲרԼģ
ʸ¸մ
˵ĵҽƣһס
ƣ
ַȻһ
ַԼŵǴȵȥɽλַŵǳȥ֮ǰҪַӦΪһ£ɱͽƺƮѩ
ѵǰƾͽܣǵһף
пܣ
ƿַԾģЦҪȣΪ˺ܺƵģ㣬ΪӣûȤ
ȻǵһףҺεºĵأ
Щ͵Ŀַ磬˵ͷ
˵ԼǵףԷֻǾһ£ܿͻָƽƽǷǳȻƽǿƽѹȥƽ
˼ƣƱԼЩ߸ϵ飬ƹݺʹǰ˺ģ˵һ仰
ƵһĺܺθڣڶأҴڸӦκȴܺ鿹⣡õҼû˵ҲܺθڣΪӡ
ַЦˣĹǳأֹǲģ򣬱ض߻ħҲΪʦѧԣ˰ɡ
ǺǣˣЦҿ˵Ҫͳһǵһ㣬ҵĵӣ˵ˣĽ׵λô㣬㲻ͿһˣҪʡ£
ַҲЦҪͳһǵһ㣬ҲҪԼҵʲô˼ѵλǱ˸ģ
ǺǡûεЦҵλõȷǱ˸ҵģҲôϡҲûʲôֵɿ֪ڲӦҵĵӣʱҪͳһһ㣬ôҿĵˣڴӦңʱ򲻹ôҶΪġ
˼ҲܴӦ㣡
ַû뵽ַôֱӾܾ
ʲôݣǵһףùϵŶӶΪʦ˸Ƕ಻ʤȴܾˣ⻹ͷһ¡
㲻ɱ㣡¶׹⡣
ɱҵĻɱˣҪϻô˵ˣ㲻һɱң
ַĿӭƵĿ⣬֪ͨ飬ʱΪԼ⿪ħֵķӡ
ã
ƴЦ֪ˣû˸ҷҵּ⣬û˸ңҲû˲ң㻹ǵһҳײҵˣû뵽ܾңҴ⡣
ַ簵۷ҳײο㣿
ƼҸһ仰ӵʨӣԶư£
Ŷַ粻⡣
ɣĴǾһôڣӲֻǸһжǳ֮У֮ĴǣҲѹƣѹƣգ㻹ҵѹƣʼնǴһתƵһѹƣôֻƴһɢޣκһɢޣû㹻ԴϺõҲ޷ΪǿߣҲûʱ˶֪ԣҪȥȻֻᱻ磬ҵ˼ô
ַЦף˼˵ĵӣ㲻ѹңֻҾֱӲѹƣ߸ˡҲˣΪҵĿ겢ǵһ㣡ȻǵһףôǵһҲһ޴ôڵһϵģôڶһѹ㣬ڶѹţǱѹţϵۺѹš
ЦЦô˵ȥôÿ˶ˣֻĴСͬˣ
ûַ϶ĵĸÿԼºҪ¾ͺˣĲҪÿÿĹعΥ򶼲ҪΪÿ˶Ϊѣ
˼ţļⲻʵҴӺܾǰעˣҺһҲѰЩʺõţγȥʮջ̫󡣡
Ŷô˵㷢Ҳһţˣ
ЦûȴԸ⡣
ʮ꣬˶أ
Ƶǧɣ̫ˡ
ַ纹գǧ໹ࣿҳȥʮ˲ǧ࣡
Ȼ㲻ҵĵӣǾƼˮѰɡ
ѣǺǣ˵ԺΪˡ
Цҵţˣûһ˿ǷǳįġûȤȥҰġѧԺѧϰܶ࣬ҵЩţҲҵѧԺѧϰ
ѧԺ
ǵģѧԺУѧҵĵӣȻڵ֪ʶҶ¼ڼˮѧϰÿʮ꣬ҾȥѧԺס£ָǡȤĻھ͸һ˰ɣô
ַ룬ã
ַ粻֪СԼĻַһܾƣ͸Сһ𣬽ͳһ½սۡ
ڣַûȥСˣԴǰȥ˳ǲͽܣ
ȥ޳תתҪ㶫
ַǺˣݣҪʲô£ԸµȥͿˣҪԼô
Ƶʲô¶ˣǻŻʲô˼
ַ֪γȥһȥǳҪĶ
ò״ܳٴνޡ
֮ҹſûһפأŴ󿪣Ҳûһ˽һƬš
ףַһɣʲô
ƵϲѾǵɱˣ˫϶Ѿˡ
ǵɱˣСɱô
ַʶǰӿȥܿ췢ǰһĻҡ
ߣȥϷɣҵҪǾڤ߱񹬵˵жôͼ⣡
ַӦƾץַ磬շȥ
ƵķٶȺܿ죬Ҫķٶȿϣ
ҪץˣҺսȣˣڶûлָ
ץַɵսϿա
վ׵ĸ߿գַʶ̽⵽һС
ڤ߱񹬵Ľǧ˲μսڿбзΧǧÿ϶ӳĳضڵÿ˵սľ磡ֻսľ磬޷ȣȴİΧ֮½ҪɱΧ
ַ緢ǧĺ¹ֳħϢ
Ƶôħˣ֮е˲ſ治٣ô˳ħǺǡս˼Խãǵ˺ԽڲֹĻǵ֮󣬻ͷˡĿǰҲֻɱΧ
ǺǣǾڤ߱񹬵˶ĵģǧ˵ţôˣǿϧ
ַЩˬ˼ʮҵˣǸϣ
ַޱĵⲻµһ
ô㲻ȥô
ңˣѱôȣ
Цôأ
ַһۣ˼˲ϲˣҲϲǷκ˵飡
ƴЦãԸϲҾȥһѣҲûǾڤ߱񹬵·Ҳȥˣˣ硭

ַó·˴ϡ
ץַȥ
ȥҵɡ
ƵĻ䣬ַ翴ճһ֮ľ޴ѷ죬ѷһ½ս˶˽ȥ
һ̣˶Ƶ
˶һεĸо
һƬһ޼ʵĲԭ֮ϣӲӵɫĵ̺һԭ͵Ĳݶ縧¿ֵţܿʻǷĺѺ۷䣻ԶһƬƬ̵֣Զ֮ԼԼһĴɽ
ս֮ϵһ´ɱ֮Ŀռ䣬˵ĴԶһĶ·
˿̣ɱ˫ѾĹ˿˫ľǧ֮⡣
ɱֹͣڤ߱񹬳ħЩҲ˹ɫҰףо
ڤ߱ĴĻ֮Ե÷ǳͻأ˸оǵĴǶ¡
ƶ˵ĵӭҵ磡
˿̣츮뵽ˣ򣡶ǶԷˣ£츮ÿ˶ң֪군ˡ
飬޷ģӵ֮飬ǲԷΪжߣ
ڤ߱ߵҲǳ֣˭
û˿ȥʣҪҪʲô
ƶַЩҪɱǲɱ
ַƣ㻹ڤ߱񹬵ˣҹɱɱ˻Ҫң
ԭǹˣСҲһϲԭַˣصǺַһġ
ַûĵɱˣ
վԭûжʵͻȻһҵɫ⻯ǿ˵ķ˹ȥ
һıը˶
ţһĲҽûʮӵʱ䣬Ѿȫû
ַ֪ǿƵڣַףԲٿһȥɱˣ
ʱַ׽Īƺ͸С˵Ϣŭ˭ע⣿ǵħѵҪҾôǿ֪ΪЩˣΪЩˣҶѪҶʱô
ĪƵ磬ģҲû취ô츮˺ܿͷˣǣǵĵģֻܱӦսзֻмǧˣҪǣħΨһѡ񣡡
ַĲУǵõҪǵʱǲôС˵㲻ЩôԴҵΪֻܵĻ˭ܵסѵ㲻ô
Ϊʲôսɱɱ˵İǾڤ߱񹬵ˣڵİأѵô᲻ãˣ


463 ܵż
Уұȥս츮飬ߣȻѻһǵã·ɱ˳ð֪ǺĺңȫҵļƻҾͲ˵ˡҵ˳ħ治֪ôģ
ַýһ˵£ƵȻҴ
ַǰûֵǰŭǵһΣȻֵַ֪ԼڲŻᷢŭ֪ĻַΪ·ŭ
Сַ磬ǵȷǷǣʱǺ̸Уһǿ߽ɱˣ֮츮˾ͺǿսʱѾ֪ˣʱҲ޵ʱǲûߣ˳ħսһޣˣ츮ȶҪԸ츮̫ˡ
ǿߣַ翴ơ
Ƶĵģʱǻûء
Сֵַ磬Ϊһȥ츮ܲɱˣкļƻΪʲôǣ
ַ㣿СҼǵǰκ¶ɣҽ˵£Ҳ飬ܰٷְٸ㶨£Һûкʹɣ˼ǣϴʲôҪôҼǵں˹İɣҽ˹İɣǰ·κϵİɣ
ַ˵˵žͿƲסˣֵܵıѣַһʹͷŭ
ַһδεøСɫǳÿ
Īʱ磬ˣεǲԣҲҪ˺ô
ַ֪Լ˵Щˣ˵ٹĻ϶ԷĻɣΪħѾַ֪ʲô
СҲû뵽ַᷢôĻַǰֵ꿴ıصˣ
ַ֪˵ЩˣҲ֪Ժ·кܳܳڣʱ̣ЩˣߵЩˣԺǵֵܽãǵĻ飡Ҫÿһ˵ĽΣǷˣôǵԺô죿ô죿
ڣﻹǧˣҲǰ񾳽ˣźҲύˣߵЩˣҲȫջأҲǣȷʧˡ
СһȻЩ˾ڤ߱񹬵Աһ˷ܣǶַ֪Ǻܺã֮󣬽ָǣû˵һ䣬һ䣬ڸСһЩС£ܵѵͳͷһ˷ǳĹ棡
ʵСЩȫѵɱ֣ԶǵҪ󶼷ǳ̣Щ˵ΪȻܸߣʵ䶼ǳСǶûоܶĥԶ죬̫ܲĹء
ַ˼˵ЩˣЩ궼ǸǵģȥǾɡ
Ը湬ˣ
Щ˶ͬԸַ硣
ַСҪɣҲҪʲô½ˣҶһѰţǿߣȻȥڶɣͳһħ½û˼˵ˣǵҪͳһ½̫ˣҲʱ˷Щϡ
СЦε˫ᣬַ磬ҲûĸǰĴ½һж˶ǰæģȫλΣҰͳһǵԼĿ꣡ȫԼλûй˼ĸܣԴҶᣬεҸǸͳһǵ£ҲĪƺʹҲǰҵģѾôҲˡҪ룬ǵȻֵͬģһɣҪǿߣǵȻҲ֧㣬ͳһǵԺİǳ󣬵ȻǴߵ·ͬΪԺȥŬ
ַЦãС֧㣡
ַȥıס˸С˱Ѿ˷ŵìܣһֵһ㣬˵ʲôֻ֪
С˼ȻҪ㣬ôȥɣҲᰵԼ
ַЦĪƣҪҪߣ
ַЦĺůȴǳܡ
磬Ѱ£ǴɣСߵҲ࣬ǲռÿƣҴСһɡ
ţȻҺѻЩҪȥһƬ½
Ƶȥɱڽ֮УڵսĶ֣
ƺַ˺ףֱַӷųǬǧǧܼǧμӵս
ǧħһİټַƵսɱзʮ˺˶׷Ͷ
ͳһޣ
ַ֪ⳡսԼƲСҲа취ȡʤ
ƺַ˲û뿪ޣȥ᳤
·ϣƵǾڤ߱񹬵θڿѵҪͳһǵһ㣿
ַЦҲ룬ֵǶ룬Ҳûа취
ֵܣЦҺܶ궼ûˣҲóֵ֮ĸ񲢲ôðɣ
һѡ
ַ粻϶
ƺͻ᳤ܼ棬ַֻš
ʮӺĪ˳
ַʵҪĶˣ
ţˣһҪϢû򵽣ûлˣϵı᲻ԣ˰ɡ
ַʵӣϢҪô
ƵϢĿɿԲߣ˵ʲô󸮵ҵһܡżÿܶ½ᶼָᷢżʵԶǳ٣һ㶼żܶ࣬۵żҲֹʹܵżûгֹ
ַЦȻȷΪ̾Ϣأ
ܵżƵڲϢаٷ֮һĿԣҲȥ
ַ粻ĵϢҲóôȻ󸮵õϢǾԻϢôϢȥأ
ƵͲˣ󸮵õϢǻȫЩ˻ϢͨܵȥһЩ֪ˣͻ׬һѣҪ֪ûв͸ǽҪǣ󸮷ųϢЩ֮ǿ߿϶棬ʱ󸮵˽ЩǿɱһЩܸõѹסЩǿڵⶼһЩ²ֶΣ
Ŷ׵ݣҪ֪Ϣֱȥʾˣ˲ϢҲҵô
ƿЦ˵׵λǱ˸ҵģֲԼʵģҵݵλȨʵЩǲҵ˵ģҪȻôһѰţȥԼأ
ַĿɹġ
ƣȻ֪Ϣҿ԰Ҳ֪Ϣô
ŶƵٸ꾧У
꾧ǰĻɳĶһ꾧൱һٸܵ
ַһóһƿȪˮⶫ
ƽӹȪˮոմƿǣϣɫһƬ𾪡
Ȫˮ
û
һ˿Ϊ˲ɱ⣬˼һᣬˡ㲻ɱ˶ᱦôôصĶҲó
ַһЦɱңΪȥôǺǡ
Ʒŵȷɱ⣬룬ȻԷó϶֣˵˼ҿǰԼæԼôɱ˶Էأ
ƺܿ컻Ϣ³ţ󸮵˾ۼһصĵ졣
ԭ󸮵ǿһ֮̽зһصĵ죬ڵ֮ڵõ˲ٺô׼ĵʱ򣬵ͻȻʧʧӰ٣ЩǿǶ޼Ѱ
Щ˼꣬Ҳûзֵ죬˼פʮǸصٴγ֡
صļȥ˵죬ڵ֮̽һʱ䣬ٴʧ
ǣҵõϢϴ̽ʮǰľ³ţˣʮľ³ţԣף⵺ÿʮһ죡
Ϣ˵⵺ǴµĶ㣬ϢҲ޴֪
Ƶõһݵͼַ縴һݡ
ַ翴ŵͼ⵺λƫڵĴ½ôԶ·ݣ³ţǸϵʱô
Ƶ˵Ҫж
޸ۿȥ⴬˿ͼϵĿĵأ׷ҡͷûһԸȥ
ںϺ£Ҫεķ籩к޵ϮеĴΪǸǵﲻ˵ġ
ɹȥ϶У£Ҳġ
ش
ַ뷨
Ƶҵô£Ҫ·󸮵ĺȥǱ߸ۿڿǿ߶࣬ðҲǳ࣬ǱкܶȥԶĴ󴬡
֮󸮹ڵĴ½ĸۿڣۿ֮ͣǧֻ󴬡
ۿЩӵɲ֡
Ĵǿʹûһ̴ȻҶпռָǲҪ̴ġ
ĴֻһٲǴڼ½֮䣬඼ðյĴֻ
ȻۿڵĴǹĴÿ½İռ¢Լĸۿڣÿ춼һʷǳ롣
󸮶Լľ֣ľ֡šѾǰͳˡ
ַ˺ͺܶബûһԸȥǸˮ
ַεĵƣҪֱӷȥˣϢҵڷ죬Ϣ򡣡
ҡͷɹȥûģͨ캣ʱշ籩ô죿˺ô죿ûдʹǿȥҲ
ַ˼˵ǻҪҴǿߣ
ƵǣϢ˿϶ܶ࣬ǰų϶кܶûг֣ҲҪ֣ԣֻҪȣȵЩˣǾͿһȥˡ޵ĸۿֻǼ⴬̽һϢѡ
ԶһŶҵĺַƵ̸
λҪȥصô
˵ţóһصĵͼǰһΡ
ƵûҪȥصûдȥء
ƺַҲó˺һĵͼ˼¡
λ
˴ַ˸ۿһķ䣬ʮˣַоЩ˵òǼٵģǳԻεûòÿ˵Ϊ龳ϣ
λϢɣѾаʮ߸ˣһٳԸϢҲҪԶ
Ŷҵ˵ֳ֮ȥˡ
ַ˳ȥˣҵһƧ֮ء
Ƶ̽պˣϢ˲ֹЩˣ»⼸ûдܱؾͺãУʱǵһҪһˣǺǡ
ַʵϵжأ
Ƶǧ࣬ж٣ҲҲû뵽ôˣûǸܵסܱصջ󣬺Ǻǡ
ַһ⣬ǲǵһǿߣ
ǣǣ㲻ǣҲǰ壡
Ŷʲô磿
תһֹڴˡȪˮҲûʲôˡ
תôǿ
һᣬַھǸˣǲͽأǣǸô죿


464 ϳ籩
֮ҹһˣһɫ֡
ϴ֮ÿ֮ٽַֻһģ˶һġ
Ȼ˶˭֪ǵڲ˶ˡ
ֺһ£ûκΣգʮ֮󣬾ֽ˵һΣ򣺷籩
ĽȻµǽѣ龳ϣ԰ȫȹ
ӽ籩׾֮ʱַ翴Զ纣ХһĺǿĴݻţַұ֤ʻȥһᱻݻ٣㱻Ҳᱻݻ٣
ʱǸŶҵҽսҵ򣬴ҹȥɣҲû
˶û
ҵ֯ߣҲṩģȻ˵Ҳ֪˭ĻһҶĬϡ
˵ͳԼ򣬽ֺȫԼ֮籩ȥ
ַоԼһĿռ䣬˿̣˵ʮŸ飬ûһ˸ɢʶȥ
˭һСĺ˴롣
ʮ󣬾ֳں֮ϣ籩Ѿ˦ĺԶԶ
ʱһģʮµ˴ҵǰŸܵµҲµûĻӦڵﺣɣ
ﺣû캣Ѿͨ캣ġ򡯣ڴҲαװ˰ɣ
ﺣ˵ţ¶ԼĿһʮеˡ
ܿ죬Ҷ׷¶ԼĿ
ԭ֣겻ˣԽԽˡ
λǺô겻ֵΪѾתˣǿϲɺء

˶̬ӵͷַֻ˿ƫƫꡣ
Ҫǣʮλ˶໥ʶ㲻ʶϼ䶼֪Է˭˶ʶַơ
ﺣַƵλ¿
ַˣԼԭǵףﾹȻûʶ
ַתһ룬˵ֻǧʱ䣬Ǳ˸λã˿϶ǰϵϲʶҲпԭ
ַǾڤ߱񹬵Ĺڤ߱񡣡
ﺣڤ߱񹬣ˡû˵
ַЦû˵Ҳڳ֮Уڤ߱Ǹոһ޴Ӧ֪ɣѾڤ߱񹬿ơ
ַôһ˵˶ˣңˣǻš
ϲûаѾڤ߱񹬷ǿڤ߱Ҳڼ£Ҳڲ˶þͻᱻˡ
λǣ
Ƶĵǵһףơ
˻һ䣬˵ɫ׷һ䡣
ﺣƤЦⲻЦĵԭ״ˣʧʧ
Աߵһû뵽ǻ״ͬУҰ
ַȻ˵𾴵˼ǲм
һǧǰ׽ĵλƴˣƴǧ˶ûг֣ڳҺ档
ַо˺ԶЩ⡣
Ȼǵһ׶˼ʵõģεǱ˸ģ˭
ǧ꣬ҲûзκһҲûе½κЩҲûҹƣȫף
ԣķǳκ׵Ļ˭Ҷô˵
Ц֪ҶײЩҴûΪѹκһֻҾһɢޣδ½εҲżõϢҲʹһƽҪǴҲøӣǺǡ
˵ķƵ
Ȼһ˵ҵĵ˺ܶ࣬ƿɲ뻹ûеصأͱɱ
Ȼɱƣ˿Ҳʣ޼ˡ
ɵڣһ˱˴֮䶼ǵжԹϵûеص֮ǰû붯֣㵽ص˻ǽܵŽһбأʱҪŽһԸ
һֱǰУڼ䣬˼η籩򣬵ǶЩ˵籩ֹǵĽŲǺܿ죬һ鷳Ǻޣ
һ죬ϵ˷Զʮ˺ڽսޱˣҲһ鱻ɱ
޶ǳǿǶǿˮϵǺǵȡ֮֮ߣ
ʮ˷ַߵľ֣׷׷˹
ԭֵĴǺǣЩô
ﺣ˵ǵĴأ
һ̽ˡ
ﺣЦô˿סһֻ
ҶףĿŴ̽˶ӣҪȻֱ򽫴սȥ϶ܱס
Ҳ˵˸Žᣡ˴֮ûοԣ
˵ЩҲûˣ֣ô
캣ڲ죬ʲôֲϴ˶ͬ⣬ҿ϶û⣬˰ɣһ˲ͬ⣬
ַѾ֪ǶΪʲôŽˣڲ϶ѹסϴ
Ŀ˵ɨû˵ûԸǡ
ãǺݣߣ
ڲתԶȥ˶ûߡ
ʣʮˣҪɵصĻǲܵġǿޣֻ·һ
ڲǶʲô˼߻ǲߣ
ʱһڲ죬ҳΪ֮ߵģǵĶֻʱˣǱ˴֮ƽȵģƾʲôǵϴֲǲڵˣδΪ㣡ڻҪǸߣΪ˭
һ˵ҿʼ㶯֣ΪΪǸߣֻҪҵصͺãǵЩҲûԸǲڽ񣬵ڵҪһ߰ɣҪǣ
ڲŭһˣһȥʲô
һڲ죬캣ֲǣҲΪ㣡ֻҪˣﺣһǣ
ﺣʱûֻҪɱȺ֮ұ֤ǣ
ϲģ϶ʶǵԸҲ˽һڲǳİԵĺţֻҡ
ڲЦɱңðһ֣ͻὫ׵ʱȫû
ﺣЦһٶ˶Ը㣬лô
ﺣ˵ţԼ
ﺣĿ󲿷ȫڲݺݵѹ˹ȥ
Ȼʮûг֣аƺַ硣
ڲ첢ûеֿĹǿ޾֮֮Ϻݺݵȥ
ҪǶ
ڲ챻Ĺҵķ飬ըڲĹҵķˮ˰֮ߣǧ֮ڵĺˮκһ໥ը׵Ҳ
˶û뵽ڲôݣ
ڲ췽ҪӵĻǰλҲסǵסǲڲ콻֣
Ĵ׵ޣ룡
ֻڲѣڲһ룬һ˾ҪɻȥĿҲǳСԸɴȥˣͬھ
ڲļƻѾóѣѾȫ˺׵ޡ
ܿ죬ǧ׷Բ֮ٸ߽¶ޱȾ޴ͷ­Զɸߵľ޴˻˼ε
еˣĺΣǲѷɣ
ǻУǺ磡ɵٸߣҲˮ
񶼴Լ׼ս
ַ缱æȵȣѱ񽳣кǹͨİ취Ժǹͨ޷ͨٶֲ٣
񽳣ѱ񽳣
ַų˻˰֮߾ƯڿУɢǿϢǧ׷Բֶȥ
ͫһޣ
ޣʲôޣûϳ
Ĵ޺壬Ѿһǿ϶ϲ
޵ĳ֣鶼ر
ǸŻϢ֮󶼷׷ֹͣǰĽŲЩС޶׷˺ףԶͷɸߵľ޴Ż˻ţԻ¶һЩ⡣
޶ѹס
޺ʹ½֮ϵڲͬΧģҵȼҲǲͬΧģ½ϵκ޿޶᳼Ǻ޷ǳǿ󣬱ȴ½֮ϵ޲֪ǿٱҲкܶ޳޵սֻںǺİ޷ϰڴ½֮档
ȥ̽磬ԣǳǿǿһ඼޷ĵز
½ϵޣսܴﵽľ磬ֻ޲ſԣǺսԴﵽ޵ľ磡
ԣϢѹƣһЩΪߵĺѹȥЩǿĺҲûа취
ַʱŮ派ѪŮ派ѪϢܸܵ⣬Ǹܲġ
Ů派ѪϢû˴󺣣޴Χ
ܵŮ派ѪϢİַԻĵ˵ͷһͷ˴󺣣ܿ죬һƽ
ⳡΣڱ⡣
£˶ַĿ࿴ûΪڤ߱񹬵ĹǸСɫˡ
ӵޣܺͺ
ʱΣվַԱߡ
鶼ַлַĻЩȻȫûҲ˽ǣ
ʮ鱻ԽȻԽãֻܺ󸮵⣡
ַŮ派Ѫͻڣһ·һ˳
ֹʮ죬Ҹ񸮵ľ֡
񸮾֮Ϣַ߾֮ɨҲûκε⡣
Ƶγٶ飬ν㳲
ﺣ󸮶㳲εĴܱҲһģ֪Ϣٶˣ
ף񸮵Ĵͣˡ
ǿǰǹƮѩĴ
ʶһӦ󸮵ľ֡
ַǰһʲô£סˡ
ּǰĸ񸮾ֵĺ档
ʱ˿Ʈѩǰˮʼɫ֮һɫٵţһƽϵˮ򳹵׵ķ
ﺣãˡϳ籩˹ȥˡ
ַ粻ʵΪϳ籩
Ŷﺣ翴һַ磬ⶼ
Цϳ籩ʱպһ֣Ҳǿһ֣ͨ캣ܶ籩һһ·֮ϣܶ籩ɴϳ籩鶼ĨɱԣҪȣȴ籩ȥǲܼǰС
ַʵҪȶã
ƿЦ˭Ҳ˵пܼʱпһ죬Ҳпܼ£пܼʮꡭ
ô˵ϳ籩궼ȥβǰô
Ƶһ취Թȥ
ʲô취
Ӻ׹ȥ
ף
Ƶͷϳ籩ˮ򣬽ҲǷɵٸҲûãᱻ籩ǿ֮ںףͨ캣Ĺֵŷ籩Ϯ׾ǰȫģǴӺͨͬҲǳΣգΪ״Ŵĸ߽׺Ӻ׹Ҳûʲô𣬵ǻһչûκεϣ


465 Ʈѩ
󸮵ľѾۼһ֮ҾȺ
Ҿͣϳ籩Եû˸ǰ
ڵ죬񱩵ϳ籩ƽ羵һɫϢˮ
濴ǳƽκζԽͻᱻɵʬ޴棡
ϳ籩ı仯˵ɫǳѿ
ϳ籩ûʧᣡ
ﺣϳ籩Ѿ׽ϳ籩һֱڱ״̬ôпڶʱʧǵȼͿԹȥĿǰϳ籩Ǵýգûܹȥˡ
˿̣Ҳϳ籩ı仯׷Ӧ֮ߡ
棬˸߿ա
ַĿ˿ȥٸַλ
һۣؿһѪɫãɫ԰׵ûһ˿նȫɫ档
񸮵ĸǡǡ͹෴һʥϢһ͵Цݣ˵ĸо崺硣
ƮѩĸƮѩһ£Ŀƾ˪һˡ
λ磡սǵһǰ壡
ƮѩַϤ֣ͽܣơƮѩ
λ֪ʲô֮ɢȥƮѩĸƮѩɵߡ
ַһ㶣˹йϵַԿ϶˾ĵӣ
ƮѩĶƵʲô
Ƶĵһ
ƮѩͽȻɢһɱòҪص㣬ҪȻһɱ㣡
Ʈѩ˵꣬ȥ
ַȻʲô
ʱַ翴󸮵ľֶʧӰԼͬû˺ס
Ҷˣ󸮵һӺͨ
ʱһ󸮵ѾˣҲ˰ɡڤ߱£һѹƣҹȥɡ
֮Ҳֻڤܴ߱ǹȥ°Ƕȹ˴Σ
Ҷ׷ַҹȥ
زҲַֻ磬Ϊκһ˴ҹȥǳΣգַ粻ͬԺͺͨ
ַãҴҹȥû⣬ܲܽ˶ɣҪ󸮵˿⣬Žһ𣡡
ַ˼ָҴϵˡ
û˷ַĻ
ﺣͼλǳҴϵ˽棬ЩϲģҶʶǣܿ˴һ£γһˡ
ַ罫ҾֺսǬ
ȻЩ˶ԹԴǬĳκ
Щ鶼ΪǬַ򣬸벻Ǭȥ
ַһͷ˺ٵƶȥ
ַһɢŮ派Ѫһʶ̽ΧһУƶ
ܿ죬ַѾ˺׵ǧ£ʱַоϳ籩ѹ𽥼СǺˮѹȴ
ַо⺣ˮѹ޾֮֮еѹҪǿٱϣԼѾ龳磬Ȼǧ֮͸оˮѹ
ַһűˮˮǵ½޾̹֮˸ַģַﻹʮš
ˮһıˮ̹ͬһƵҩ鶼֪ʲôɷơ
˱ˮַٸлһᣬ򺣵׳ȥ
ʼʱһЩ͵ȵĺЩܵŮ派Ѫ֮󣬶׷׻رܡ
ַһֱˮǱУһֱ˺״Ÿоϳ籩ѹʧ
һ·֮ĺû˺ַ硣
ַˮҩڿٵš

ڱˮȫʧַ֮оһɽһܡ
ַ籾ҪٳԱˮʱˣˮѹ֮ߣҲһкܴô˺㣬߾ˡ
ַһϲ飬ˣ
ţոҺȪˮҲŻָô죬ûȪˮҿҪ˯ʮ꣡
ַ¸˽顣
ż󸮵ȫô˳ϢпģһҪջᣡҪȻѰ󸮵ˣúȫɱȻٽǬȫųҲȫʱܱأһ˶̣
ַǲ֪صҪ󸮵ˣԣں׽ǵɢͺãߵʱҪʧʱҪ󸮵˿⣡
ַ˵꣬ʶȫٷſѰ
ȻҲַֻں״ɢʶͲң˺
˿̣һСں׼ѵж
ַ緢ǵλ֮ʶ֪ͨĺȻֻǸള˺׾ͺãĲ˵Щ֪ôˡ
ôЩԼĴӪأ
ǼֻͺΧ
״һ˶ϢǰУΧûʲô쳣ôͻȻᱻ֣
ûʱ룬ųһٶ˽Щסڻ˼ǰС
ҲֻôԼ±ȫʣµˣ
ս֮ȫսǰȥ
Ǹո߳ǧ׾룬ֱٸΧ
Σǳƣôôùأ
ǣֲòųֵĹ
ո˳һûãһ
ֻ֮ʣٶˣȥǵ鶼ȫ
Ҳûз֣ÿηǵĺǲ಻٣Ҳûرĺ˿ߣ˿Щǵ
Ʈѩô˿ƺ˺Ů洴ܿ⣬˭Ʋˣ
ˣǲҪˣ˵ЩҲûãǴԼѾͨϳ籩򣬿ȥˡ
Ļ䣬ͷ˹
ڳ˺棬˼һֻʣһٶˣŰٶ棡
Σ̽գżǼٵĻǿˣǻȥʱҪͨطôȥ
Ҳһ̾ʧôˣεǧܱ¶ȥ֪ʧôˣ󸮾ˣȥ֮һҪһȶơ
û뵽㳲һ³
ƮѩЩԺ£Ƚǰ⣡Ҳ٣еĴɵڶˣֻҪȫ󸮵ȫֻҪ˻ţȥ֮˭Ҷǰǣ֪ܹˡ
Ƕܹô
Ļ䣬һɫӰ𣬴ˮ˳
ַûˣǷųһҾֻ֣Ƿų˰ʮˣҶַһҴϵˡ
ַ֮Ǭ˵󸮵ںѾ˾ŰٶˣҲһٶˣڣٶˣΪ˷ֹǷôˣԣʱﲻҪȥȵصٷǳô
ôˣжЩˣǰͲ󸮵أǵгͷ֮ա
Ҷף󸮷ô˵Ļ϶뷨Ըߵˡ
ҲԸ󸮵ˣûеص֮ǰǲеģֻ󸮵˲֪صľλã
ƾĵͼҵһҲأ
ַͬľҲַˣʲôˣǬﶯַ֣籣֤
һ㣬ڱַģΪַֻܰȫǴϳ籩
ڣ˶ѣҶ֪صҶΪˣʱҪõܱأֻܸƾ£
ߵҲųһҴųһٶˡ
û뵽ܹЩϲҶʶŴӺ׳ǸҲʶЩϲľȻǸ˴ġʶǸô
Ʈѩʾʶ
ҾˣЩǣ¶ǳСģ˰ϵˣ˼ǺεܣܰԼһʶô
Щ˶ﺣߵˣҴѾ棬Ǹطɵͨͨ캣ף
ƮѩǸ˹ȻҪ취ȥȥĿǰǿѾ֪ǵ˺ܶ࣬Щ˶ܻŻȥҪȻ鷳ǳ󡣡
ͷ󸮵ʧǳ󣬵ǽЩȫɱˣǵҲû֧ʱûв󸮵ĵλﲻ֣ܶﶯֻȥصڶ֡
ȥһǸصǿ˭
ʱɵַĴϡ
ϵ񶼴ŵĵ⿴
Ŀ⿴ַ磬¿֪ĸˣ
ַڤ߱񹬣
ŶЦˡðû˵
ַ絭ĵڤ߱ǼǧǰѾǧ꣬һֱûڴ½ϳ֣̤½϶û˵
ַڴˡ
ûжʣȻȥ
ȻַĻѾ֪Ҵַ磡˵ͷ϶ǳ
¶ʮţѾصĺ򣬵Ƭ֮ϲûص˽ٽһĵ
֮ʼԸַߵˡ
ֱɱȥ˵Ϊһٶ£ԻὫɱֲǻ֪صǲκɱ¾ģǶֵʱ
Ҫ嶯Щҹ۲Ƕ󸮵ûκν䱸֮⣬Щ⣬ǳɡƽʱЩ˼Ҳ˱ᣬȴ޿ֵӣж顣
Ц춼ɹģ˼ǰ˶ôô˭Ұô಻ͬ˲ԼǺûʲô𣡡
ǰĻҲţǸԳǾڤ߱񹬵ˣ˶ͨ캣״ġУÿ춼һ𣬺ԺһģȻûаƷǲҪǣǵһ׵ݣΪҲǳߣǲһĶ֣˶ڤ߱Ҳǳ𾴣Ҳһ㶼ǶԸǣһ߻ˣ
ҲŲǸڤ߱жԷ֮УˣĸתвǣĸһϣҲһӵϣܰȫ𣡡
ƮѩʱڲҪˣ˵Ķе˵ҲпܣȻԺСҪע⣡Ǳ߻˵Ļص֪֮һˣص֮ϲܶ˭˭Ļˣ϶ԸǣȻǵȥЩʣõİ취ʱҲҵģûв˵ĻȵصһʧҲԶԸǣ
;ƮѩĻС
°գ󸮵˿ʼжصķȥַߵ˽
Ҿصˮ򸽽ȴţ˵ʶƬˮ
ַߵ˶֪ص֮ϲɱ¾Ѿ߻ã󸮵˴ص˵֮󸮵Ŀս


466 
ҹʮһ࣬ˮһƬƽƽû˼ƣԶ΢ɨˮȴһƽ
ʮ
ƽˮ֮ͻȻһԲССƾճ֣ǴӺðġ
һжƻ棬纣¥һ㡣
󸮵˽صַҲ漴ȥ
ڻľдУĻɽʯĿռһһԴĸо
ûһһľǳЭǻľɽȻɣǸоǻݾǲݣɽɽ壬Ǻһпÿһľ񱾸þͺһ滭һ㣬ûκһľ˸еͻأͲЭ
ǣûκζûһ˿
ûĻľΪ˷ٺïʢ
磬Ϊʲôûжأ
ǰһѵǻþȴ˵ʵ
ַո̤صȫоһ̹˸ַܲоһһľÿһضôϤֻؼҵĸоôůܰ
ַپ֡
Ǭ鶼֪ҽصʼ׷ױʾҪ
ַ˵ȴ棬ڷǳĻ󸮵˾ͻǷȵҵأٳɡ
ǳȥ֮ɱ󸮵ˣұأ
Ѿˡ
ܱԵߵ֪󸮵ǰζûҵأ˵ǵ˲㻹Ƿǳɡ
ʱַ罫İٶǬ˳
󸮵˿ôһ³ɫ䡣
ﺣʱѹЩ꣬û뵽Ҳѵʱɣ
캣һЦһЩҲЦѡ
ҵ˼ףҪԸ
Цﺣʲô󸮿⣬㻹ûǸ
ﺣЦûǸٶɵڳ֣Ϊǻл·ô
ЦΪֻܲˣûвôòöֵ֣ĺǳеģʱɱûоǡ
ﺣЦǲˣǵں˶ǿһﻹˣ
ɣ
ﺣһ£˶򣬿ǵǿʼһ˲䣬ռ䱬һصǳ֮ǵ
䣡
˵˳飬ֵѪ˵ϡ
ʶһ̽ûˣ˶걬飡
ַߵˣһ˲ٶˣ
ʣµ˶ľսڰңҺ÷ûг֡
ַҲǱŸᣡ
ЩĵɱЩ˵ǳ֮Ƿǳǿǳ֮ڵıԴȷһܵż
ַҲһļڲΪʲôԼһһʺůĸо
ǳַ֮ǳ֮壬ȱľǳλǳĻһһЩ
ַЩȲ
Ц˸ˣǲܶģκһһãͻ
ҲǴЦҶ˵ˣҶѾˣǻҪ֣
£˶ˣû˸Ҷˣ˭Ҳû뵽ֵĹƣ
ַ֣ܶߵҲҶˣԼⷽǱߵ൱Բһ
󸮵˿ʼֱһɽȥǰ漸·֮ʮ֮ˡ
˵ٶȶǳ죬Ǿˣʱɽ
û˸κԴֻɽ
ռ羰쳣û˼ڵȵŴܵıء
·˽쵽һŶǰ棬ɽʮ֮ߣǿɡ
һȹͭɫŽպţ˵ʶ͸ţҲκεĲס
·˶λλˣϴǼ˾ҵţҲ²⣬ؾ档
Դ֮һǳϢλ˵ȷһλϵĴܣ˵ʶ죬ȴ׽κεϢҲֻˡ
ƮѩǴ򲻿ģǵϴ򿪣ȴͨҲ޷򿪡
Ʈѩ˵ţߵ֮ǰסϵĹͭɫŻʹһǴûκεķӦ
ﲻͿɵĺ俪Žȥ
ʱ
óԼĹݺݵȥ
ҲһѼƷޱȣ㲻Ҳ࣬ǹ£ûһķӦһ˿Ĺκ۶ûС
Լıʯţһ취ùƿɽʯߵ棬Ȼƽȥ
취Ǳ޿ɾҩİ취Ȼţô϶зӡûõġ
˾ȵǣ涼̲ɽϵɽʯҲ޷飡
ַʽ飬ҲһĪչ֪ʲô
˶ȥţûһ˳ɹ
ܿ죬ߵ˶˴ŵŻţʧܡ
ڣַߵҲ׷ǰȥŻ
ÿ˶żǰȥ󶼴ͷɥĻ
Ժʣַˡ
ƶַȥ
ַȰɡ
ƹȥ֮һŻҲûκ״óһѱݺݵŴȥҲûκá
εַЦЦ
һַ硣
ַ绺ߵ˴ǰֽסŻ
ַţԼǳ֮壬ԿԴ򿪴ţıһΪԼ׼ģ
ǣַʧˣַЩץסŻһûа㷴Ӧ
ַĲУôûӦأ
Լǳ֮壬ַܸܵеϢ֮жŵǳ֮ϢԼӦȻΪʲôʧأ
ַŬ˼ΣûзӦʶ̽⣬ʶȥ
Сӣˣûõģ
ַһ»ˣֱó˾ħݺݵȥ
ħѾ˽ڽַͲҲţ
ûбҿǱһӣ
˵۾һһõʲô
ȻħѾַǧ񹦱״ַɲϳ
ַԼһȱڣڶͻȻһɾַɡ
ַؿֱѣһȭͷģİݡ
˭󵨣ƻҵķţ
һ޺ĸλĤʹͷζ
˶󾪣ʲôȻһʱʧأ
űƿһģƮ˳
ƻ棬һڵˣֺһӰ
˶ֲ
쳣ĲϣĿַ磬Ūҵķţ
ǣ
ʲô㻹شôɴࣿ
ٶȷǳ죬Ӱһȭͷַ˹ȥ
ַӰһѾܵ󣬽ţַ˾ħѹ˹ȥ
˴󾪣ﲻǲʹأڤ߱ٶôô죿
ַ統ȻõĲʱǹ
ħѹҲǴ󾪣ȫû뵽ֵٶȻô죬תʱ䶼ûУָ֣ʳָħ˹ȥ
ֻһģɵļסѿص
ָħ֮ʱźЩɫȻһ԰ףʳָָȻһѣֱ۱ѹķ飬˾ʯƬڵϣܲסѹ˵ϣħ˵ϣ汻һӡ
ַ緢֣Ҳǳ֮壬ǱȲԼ塣
ַ翳һֱۣ˾󾪣ַԼҲһַΪһܵסħȴûеס
걾ǿԵסģ֪ﲻһѽж󣿵˭֪ħ޷ܵģ
겢ûתͷַ磬ʲô֮صҲõ
ַûлشħܣԼĵƣ϶˵
ʱޱ𾴵ĵλˣλ˵еĴܰɣ
ңҲǣֻλ˶ѣѰԵˣǧ֮󣬶ûҵǣҾͳ˯ˣЩ˰ҳģ
˴Լ˯ǳ
Ļһʧԭûдܵıء
ַ£ÿʮһΣô£Ϊдܵıأǰ̽գĴ˯
ÿʮһΣÿʮ꣬춼ҪһЩǳֵ֮⵺ʶģˣͻգˣǴҲǣɱЩûʲôȤ߰ɡ
ߣ
˶˫ʧôˣһ仰ߣ
ǲߵĻҲûʲôأʲô
ˣ˶ߣ㲻ߣҪ⳥ҵţУңҪˣһץַ磬ɽڣ֮Žա
ַ类ץȥ֮󣬷һŴ֮⣬ʲôûС
ַɥ£治⳥Űɣ
˭ˣ˵˵ѣҴ϶Ҫҵˡ
Ҫѣ磬ܶҪǧҪߡ
ƲΪôǳ֮壬Ǹ߽ǳ֮壬ҴȥˣһҺܶܶôģ
ʲô£ȷ°ɣ˼϶ΪӣΪ˴ܣʲôʲôô
ַ룬ԼڼԼģܰһλΪʦĻʦ϶ֶνԼħֵ߽ЩԼ
ãҴӦ㣡ʲôʱ
֪ȥǧѰǳ֮ˣҵ޷Խ棬ǾȰѣˣȻҵǡ
ַһºˣ˼ǣ㣬ȣ
ǰôԴζַ硣
ַ缱æ𣬴磬ˣȣȥȥˣҲݴΪʦҲա
ˬЦ㿪Цأôطأ֮ǰ˵ֻҪǳ֮ˣʹڡǳȻʦġʱҾ͸𱣻ֱָΪܵľ硣
Ŷˣ˸ˣҽǳǿ
ַһ˷ܣҽַ磬ô˵һԳΪˣ
ȻֻҪ˴㹦ֻҪĻԺ϶Ϊܣ˷ʲô
ܳΪϵĴܣܲ˷ô
ǳǿ̾һûܵľ磬ô֪ܾأûгΪ֮ǰӹĻԴӳΪ֮ÿμ˶üġ
ַ粻ǳǿ˵ʲôΪܳüģЩ˻ô
ǳǿˣڼ壬㡶ǳҪ̫꣬СĻʱˡǳȸ֮ſҪģǸ߽׵ǳ֮壬ûģȫԳءǳ


467 ǳ
ڰ골Ҫ׵ļһ££Ҳ˺㡣
ַ֪ǳǿ˺ԼǳǿΪҪɱԼĻԿɱ潫ǳǿˣȫǳǿѡ
˭뵽һнڽ
ǳǿʶַ֮ͻȻһУʶ֮һļ𾪵Ĳ㵼ַ
ַ̲סǲ뺦ң
˼˼ǳǿЩ˼ĵѾ˴ܵ꾳磬գޱ޼ʣѾͿȷҴһ𾪲ѣڵΪ֮ܿߵľ磬˷˼Լ飬Ǵӱ˿˵ζţ仹漣
ǳǿǾȺЩ֮ɫοޱ޼ʣһ㶼ϳκʣʺﵽһĸ߶֮꣬ߴһɾʹܡڵʺǳ֮Сȴ֮ǿңǺιʣ
ǳǿıǳ࣬˿̿һһ㡣
ַûһĹħһʼʱҵǳǿ󣬵طǻ״̬δھһ֮ʱԵɺ֮£һνħһ˶㣬ޱ޼ʡ
ʲôħĹħһһ˶㣿
Σǳǿһ𾪣öû𾪹ˣɿ˺üˡ
ַǰҲ֪ô£һСľ߾磬ҵġһĲѡ
һСģ
찡֪ħһǴǧ֮ѶеĹħһ͡һɾͳħ֮ĴֻǶǾǿﵽ˴ܣ㵹ǺãһСľ˶㣿Щ֪϶
ǳǿҲĽʺްǰһ̫ˣֱһĳ嶯
ַôôҵʱоľ͵˶㣬Լ㲻ʲô
סǳǿûĵ֪ɾʹߣľʣԴ֮壬ˣʲôĻΪǱȻģֻʱ⣬Ǹ˲Ϊܣһ͡ħһǸЩûбԴ֮׼ģһǶ֮壬ħһھŲǶħ֮壬߽Ͼħ֮壬ԣ̫ˡ
ǳǿƽһԼޱȼ飬ַꡣ
ҷʲǳ֮壬ǱǳԴıԴ֮壡Уħ֮壡찡һûôôѾħ֮ˣ⵽ô£
ַ粻˼ͷҲ֪Լʲôʱħ֮ġ
ɶ㲻֪
ǳǿһתͷ
סôȱһǣУ찡ĵż񰡣֪֮ʱߴƵĵһԣκʶĳż񰡣ΪʲôΪʲôΪʲôô
ǳǿԹһ󣬿ֱַۣ֮̽һ̽
зӡһϤ֪ˡ֪ˡħΪʲôӵôõʣӵЩĶ
ǳǿ̲סֿڣͨ죬޵ҧгݡ
Ҫǳǿȥˣˣ϶𾪵ˡ
ǳǿ૵ĵħİɣûħӡǣҲ޷ħ򣬺ħħ֮ڻбϢҸо˼Ĵһӡôֻһ룿ʲôѵûô
ǳǿһ˵ص㣬ǿ߾ǿߣֻǼһַ꣬Ͱһжˡ
ȱһǣôȥأ˴˵֮еȪˮ֮֮Ĺʵûа취ȥˣʲô
ǳǿһ˵ôַ࣬𾪲ѣҲǳǿΪ𾪲ѡ
ǿ磬˵ô࣬ڵħħֵܲȫµʱ˰Щȫˡ
ַ纰ǿ磬ǳǿһ㶣⻹ǵһôƺԼ
㻹ǽСǿɣԺ˵ͽܣǿ磬ҿɵ𰡡
СǿôôŤ
ǳǿħ޷ǴûħӡǣҲģֻʱƣҸղ˵Ǳ˼ĴһʼǱ˵֪ħûǧǰħսҸˣҲȥһ£󿴵ħһѣħ½ħͷȥռ࣬ҵʱЦˣ̹塢廹ϵĿռ֮ħƭˣҴħıֺûйϵǴ򰡴򰡵ϳ޷˯ԣҾͰˣᵽˡû£ħǸħͷ֮ʱͺˣΪԺΪӰ죬ҵĻǲԣѣǻȽϺãҲûãȻˣٰԣħͷ㡭
ַǳǿͶأͨһһЩ˿ƶϳһУ
ӡǣӡֻһ룬ûӣҿ԰㽫ӡȫʱˡˡȱڣҲûа취˿϶а취ȴԵɡ
ǳǿ˵ţַ֮ڵȫַ֮򡮵֮ǳǿǿе˵֮֮һĺɫӡûַüģ̶ʧ
һ̫ˣֻʮӵʱ䣬ַǳǿǿĽˡ
ǳǿӡѾȫ֮֮У֮ӴҲĳҲ񣡵߾磬֮еֻؾͻĿʱִֻص񣡡
ַо֮ڳһССѪɫӡǣݺݵĺַһ𣬼̶ʧ
ַ֪ӡǣҲڱԼ
ַڴ˵о֮еϢԼѪĸоһбԼһ㡣
ַһļ
еεߣǷǳϲַоٽķֻÿһεʼķѡ󡢳ͣһһ飡
ʱǵĻ꣬Ҳ
ܿ죬ĻԽԽ࣬ﵽڼƵ
ĻӣĿռһֱޱ޼ʵչȥ
ַ緢֣ЩĻ궼Լ֮յ꣡ЩĻ궼ûʶֻǺĿڵƮ
ַٻһֱӳĻһʱȫ˳
Ļ޿ײ룬ܿ˷䣬صҲزôĻ꣬Ļһֱӵ˷죬ͨ캣ȥ
ַ緢֣ÿĻ궼漣ǿĹǰҪǿٱϣٶҲΧѾַ綼ԤķΧ
ַ֪
ǳǿ͵˶ԵУΧôµľ磬ѹھͿˣĻܶȸߣҲǿ󣡡
ѹѹô
ǳǿ˵ѹָƣѹѾ޴ûбҪȥѧѹѹ飬ǵ겻װٶǰصѹ֮ھռݵ١ȻС󣬵ǵϵľͨļҲ൱鷳һ㶼޷˲һ·޷¹˵ˣֻܱͬǿǿһתԣǿߣҲ·һǧһ·
ѧԼͺãȫĿƣ
ˣҾʹ㡶ǳɣɣһľ磬ȻӦڡǳʶͻּġ
ǳӵǳ֮˲ſģ˾õҲûôˣǿزǳǿ󣬾ͻ
ǳĴڷȫһڣǳǿǳȫݴַ硣
ַšǳݣ׹ΪŲ㣬ǰ壬м߲ڰ˲꣬һʡȫϣͻΪܣ
ǺϵģַѾޱ޼ʣǳѵĻǲˣҲ˸߽ʣҪ
ַ罫ǰһ飬ûκεĲ׺ƿ
ַ֪Լ֮ʱǰһ飬ȻѾǰڻͨǻûǰ߾硣
ΪʾǴƽģַûаǳ
ַո˵Ĳ㣬һõӰַʶ֮ڡ
ʶţãܺãʲô֣
ҽַ磬ǰǣ
ַ֪λڡǳʶ
ӰַܸܵҲֻܸĴڡ
ҽǳգȻˡǳԺͺʦɣԺСǿ͸ˣ㡶ǳǰ˲㵽߾磬ʦġ
ǳ˵꣬Ӱʧ
ַ翪ʼĲ㣬Źת֮ϵǳ֮ʼַ壬Щǳ֮ǳַ֮ͣŴ죬֮عµתϵϵ￪ʼĽꡣ
һзǳȻˮɣ
ַһֱڵԼӵ֮ʱǳѣûиоѹ
ȻȫΪַַ֮Ҳһֱʹ֮ڵַѾӦеԣɵｫת꣬ˮɣ
ڵһǳ֮֮ǳ֮һǸ߸ߵַ֮ڡ
ַ罫תٶ𽥼ӿ죬ǳ֮ʼӿַ壡нַڵǳ֮ǳ˳ַͣĿ֮£ַ壬֮ȫꡭ
ַ罫Ĳϣ֮ڳ˵ǿգ궼޾嫵ǿգַһоԼ֮ڳ޵ǳ
ַ֪ΪԼľѾﵽҪԵĲˮɣַûС
ַҪǰ㣬ԼȻٴεӶԼľҲҪͬʱƽĽУȷ֮
ЩַַһսΪޣս֮ԣַֹͣԼǳ֮Ѿһתľ磬ǵһҲǶǿߣ


468 
ַϣǳǿЦ¾˵Ĳ㣬ҵֻǲôһѣֻҵʲʣڵľҲȥֹֻڴˡ
Ŷַǿʲô磿
Ǻǣ֪ȵΪܿ͸ҵʱȻ֪ˡ
ַǿ磬и⣬ʦǲˣ
Ҳش㣬ڻشҲûã˴ˣʲô֪ˣΪҲ֪ǲˡ
Ŷַǿ磬ǲǿԳˣ
Ǻǡ֪סðɡǳҲһһϦ֮£ҵʱ֮Ŀ죬ȫң͸򶼴ңһٳΪǿߣʵҵԼģ˸ĶѣԣΪٸߣҲվܳΪܣ㣬ֻҪгһս겹ȫһΪܣ
ڿԳȥˣԺһᱣ㣬סǧҪҵֻ֮ʱҲŻְ㣡ǳ־㣡Ϊǳˣ¶ҪԼΣ֮ʱɵֿĶ֮ʱҲŻ㣬ҵ֣Ҿͻ֣УΣֵĴΣҾԲ֣Ҳ㣡ҪҰĴΣһɱ㣡
ַַ֪ԼϽǳǿæ˵ǳǿѾԼʧˡ
ַޱŵĵİɣһôãûκ˰ң
ǳǿΪȻĵû㿹Ķ֣ȻȽϻҲűɾ֮ŽǣӵдԵֻ࣬һѣĶ֣ͺһһתǿߣҲпܱԷɱҪסǧҪΪԼдԵħ֮ǳ߽֮Ҫǣˣɽɽ죡ǴҲ޵еģ
Ҳ޵У
ˡǳַȷЩǳǿô˵ַʱԼ·кԶԶ
ַȥ֮󣬷һ
ľȫήȫݽߣɽûһ
ʲô
֮ʱѾǳ֮ȫչˣ͵֮ڵĹǳ֧֮ţûǳ֮϶ͱһƬǳǿҲ˵ˣ⵺ʶǳ֮ò˶õֻ֮ˡ
߳˵죬صʧ
ַǬﻹҾ֣ʱַҾֻ֣ųһңԻַ
ַûҵ˵ټҲ֪󸮺ǵҲûпսãã󺣣׽µĺۼǳѡ
˿̵ַ粻ڤħҲԷУַûҪɻȥųһҾ֣һƶǰС
Ů派Ѫѹƺַһ·ͨ裬ʮʱ˳ϳ籩ĵط
ַʼʩͨ캣ס
ַûдȥĸۿڣȥơַɲƻںϡ
ѧԺԱġƵϣҪȥƵ뾭ĺ򣬶پ޵ĺܵƵ
ַ羭ۿڸ֮ʱĴֻǺܶ࣬ǰκδֻ˶ϸ̲顣
ַľһСɺڡľ֣֮ӡдŷɺڵı־
Ĵַֻľ֣ʮҴ׷ȥַĴΧ
ַͣ˾֣߸ߵƯڿУȵʲô˼
˷ƯٰΪ׵ʲô˼װͿôѾ󸮣ĴǷɺڵĴɣ
ѣ
ַ֪϶ص¼ŵ󸮵ѡ
Ҳʲôɺڵˣ⴬ֻżõѣҲǶ֣ɢȥɡ
ַ˵仰ЩΪַ约ǡ
ߣϻ˵ϣ
ַԼַ֣ЩѾһȺ϶ѣ
һĸоÿַµȻЩԼεˣǱʶﶼһֲм
Ǭǧڤ߱񹬵İȫ˳˷ĵ˳ȥ
ٸ񿴵ǰͻȻǧѪ¹֮ˣǶ֪˲ȥǵˡ
Щ˿ʼɢĺЩûˣһӵʱ䣬еĵ˱ɱһɶ󺣱ȾһƬѪ죡
ַ˾ڤ߱񹬵ˣǰУۿ֮˿һĻˣǵ飡
ɱЩˣۿֻ֮ĿַԶߣȴû˸ǰ֡
飬ǲģ
ºַ˳Ƶ;Ҳû󸮵£ַһ㶼Ȥ
ƵַóƸĵƣŮӽӴַ硣
Ůӽַ˳ַĹ£ҲһλŮ
Ůй£תǿߣ
ַǳԾ
·ǳдַ磬˺Ų裬졣
ڤˣĿɲʱʦ𼸸ǰһӻ֮󣬾ˡʦ֮ǰڤҪһҪúдڤˣҷǳӭڤ˵ĵӼѧԺѧϰ
ַ絭ĵ֪ѧԺжǿأ
Уַ˼ҲƵжǿ
СĵƵ½κǵǿҲ࣬Ӷѡ
»شĺַܺҲûжʡ
ַȻָѧϰĻᣬôοɴǧˣʱɻ鷳
ڤ˿ˣҶԼˣοʦ𽻴ģڤҪѧϰöԡǰʦǧӻûʽˣڤ˼ȻҲӹˣһ£еĵһ𿼺ˣ
ŶַҪˣ֪ʲôأҵĵӿȫǰ񾳽ǿߣһĿ˿׾٣Ǻǡ
ַ˶Ѿǰ񾳽磬ַ絹ҪѧԺܸʲô
һȫǰ񣿶ЦȻڤ˵ĵӶѾǰ񾳽磬ݣͲÿˣֱӿݾͺãݶǶľĿ飬ݣڲܸߴˣ֮ͨ飬ĵзǳĺôͨĵӣͿѧϰʦµκιؼʧܵˣûʸѧϰġ
Ǿ鷳Сˡ
ַֻѧԺһԼĵĥĥڶƵĵϸеһƵжǿʱĺƶϣиס
ַһ£һ֮󣬿ڿʼ
һַȷѧԺӣǵһǧ飬ַͿ˹һˡ
ַΪԼȪˮĸ߽׻ܣĺܿ죬Ȼܶ࣬ʶܺãû㹻ֻһһӡ
ڵһصɭ֣ɭ֮ڲ˰˼
֮ߵĻ󣬾Ҳһʱ
ַ磬Ȼǿˣָ߼ĻɱʲôҾ⣡
⣿ʲô⣿ѵԸҲɣɱҵĻͶˣô໨
һлСΪϡ
ѣַûôϡ
ַԱվţڤˣʦ½ʮ겼óĻиֻĿˣľĥǳڤĥһĻҲԺʹҽȥһĥһ¡
λ񽳣ʮꣿôֱʡ
ַЦҵľǲҪĥģǹСô˵񽳵ƷҵҪкŵ
鷽˵⣬ַȥҲӦŴҡ
ڤˣ룡
Ҳַһȥܿ˵һӷ׷׽˻
ַոսȥԼһɫĿռ䣬ΧʲôûУʶ֮̽Ҳֲκζû߼֮һ¶ĸоƺˣҪ˯
һУַ緢Լֹˣ
һַ磬һ㣬Ҫ˯˯ˣ󷨻ȫ㣬ֵеĻ㶼Ϊʵģ޷ֱ٣󷨻ʹ»ûΪӰľӶ룬ȫƣһ壡
ַ絭ĵкβãһ˶ѣѵҪԸô飬̫˰ɣ
ŭҿΪãʲô̫ࣿǶ㲻㲻ҪԻ󣡵óȪˮʱƵоͳɱ⣡˸ǲŵģסܶ˶ǲŵģ磬ֵܣ
ҵֵܡ
ַͻȻ˸СĪƵˣһĳʹ
ǰֵܶңΪҪȥƼˮأ˵ˣѾƺƮѩĵӣԼʦ𶼿Ժȥô
ַȻһһԼľ״̬ȴԼ޷ԼľƤѾڴܣȫʱҪ˯һ㡣
ַ磬һ£˯ˣᱻ˿Ƶģǽⲻģ
ַԺģۺۡ
ͻȻоԼȻһˣԼħ½
ô
ǰһѪŮӡ
ַ磬ΪʲôҪɱңΪʲô֪жమôΪʲôҪ̵ɱҡ
ŵѪɫҰףûһѪɫȻǿԼ岻ȥ
ţǻһӣ㾹ȻɱԼš
ŵȻ˼Ѫڵϣһʹ࣬ۺԹĿַ硣
ǼٵģǼٵģģ
ŵһ˵ַĻޱȵĸַ
ŻŵǣŵǼٵĺϵ¶ȣַ緢֣һжģ
Ҳǻôôģ
ַоԼǳѣߵﶼôʵ
ŵǣԲҲҪɱ㣬ҲҪɱ㣬֪ҶԲ㣬һжѾΪ֣һ㣬һúö㡭
ŵˣ޵ԹˣַĻ
飬ô£һĻǼٵģ
ַеԺѯʽ顣
ʲôɱŵǣ϶ģ
ģ
ַоԼļǳңԼɱŵºѾȥ˺ܾúܾãڣǰ
ַӿ޵ʹ࣬ţַ緢Լ岻ܿƣĳһ㣬ЩţֺһޱǿԼꡭ
ַ岻ܿƵķ˸߿ա
ַ֮һԹһԼϵı仯ԼͻȻ޵ħ˫۳죬ĿݺݵĴӶС˵ɨ
ǶҪ
һǺַϵľħһһĻ󣬺һƬѪ
ַŭ𣬡
ǣȴֹǰһеķ
ַĽʼôȥŬ޷ȡĿȨ
ɱŵǣɱ˺
ȻĺǰĲһһжôʵЩȴѾһµļ䡭
ţַ翴ħ֮Լ˸Сˣֳÿһ˶̵Ĩɱ
磬ΪʲôҪɱҡ
ӣǶţǴСһ𳤴ΪҪô̡
ţĵȥ


469 ãж
ڵһ߾ߵʬѪģַȴĿţ޷ֹ
ַľѾٱԵ
ַ翴ħ֮Լ˻޹ȣԻ޹ȵĶʮһɱ
ʮûܵסַ磡
磬㸸ףѵҲɱô
ޱȾĿַ磬˫֮Ѫᡣ
ַħһһƬޡ
ӣĸװӡ
㲻ĸף
ַ飬Ѿɱۡ
ַ磬ΪʦĴˣûԵ
Ϊʦ
ַ翴ųħԼɱԼһĵѪ֮С
ַڷ޷ֹһеķ˿ַ̣ľѾȫ
Լɱסĸסˡֵܡ飡һлκ˶޷ܣ

˿ַ̣֪һжǻþΪԺļѾıĨȥһжħ½
֮ڵѾĿַ磬Ҫ֮ʱͻȻһصϣ
һ긽壡
֮ڵͬʱڲ׽ַ羫Ǹٽ㡣
Ϊַ־壬˻󣬽޷ʹþħ֮긽һУΪҪʹһУַҪýַʶ
ַʶѾӰͿƣ鲻ǿи壬Ļᵼַ߻ħ飡
ǣֻҪַĽʶҲַʧȥԼʶһ˲䣬ʱ򣬽ʹ긽ͻĿַʶͬʱҲѰٽȥַ磡
Ȼ϶ڵóѣһ񽳣ȻǿޱȣӰ쵽飡
һ񽳱ôһͷײˣ
ַַ֮磬ûУ
ַ缫ףԼԻڻһ亹
ûأϢһᣬʣµ½ˡ
ַȷʵۣǳۣ粻ǽּʱķǳ׼ַˡ
һ૵ĵô£ڤ߱ѾˣΪؼʱ֮ڵʧЧˣֻԼˡ
˿̣취һֱƵҪɱַĻ룡
󷨵Ϣ۾ͽȻһ
תģû֮ˣҲ˵û˿ƣֻҪϤ󷨾֮ȥ磡
ʼڵƵ˶Ըַ磬ֻǿ˵ĻŸʹ
ڿԿ϶µǧѾƣ
ȻûӾ͸棡
۵ķٷȥ
ûзɶãϯ
һȻˣһʵʵĴ˽ϡ
ڽľֻǰ񾳽磬ַ磬޷ʹúʹ߶ַֻԼ
ǳֵ飡
ڤħ𣬵λ֣ķ׷ȥ
µڤ߱ôôһ
һ˵Ѿľˣòˡ
ʦѾˣ޷ɱ
Цż֮ڳȥľŲ˶õģʱһȻᱻģ˲ɱ̫ϧˡ
ţ˵ûһҪΪãֻҪľһһͿԣ
ǣλ׷Ž׷ʹ򣬶һδεıɣ
֪ıϲǴɣɱӣһǺÿ
ڵ֮תλ׷صһЦ
ɵôЦ
򣬿Ц
ɫһ䣬ԡ
ͻȻоΧһ䣬һ֮УһƬڣʶҲɢȥûκεȥ·
صڿռÿ䣬ϲģɱңǳҵ
´󾪣ô£˵·ǰ󷨵·ߣûгκβΪʲôᴥ󣡡
ѵ󷨱˿ˣ
ҿڤ߱ɵ֮ѵ󷨣
ܣǰ˼󷨣ҪҲǳѣôᣬԲܣ
һ󾪿֮УͻȻÿ˶ߵĻ鲻Ӱ
ֳˣûʱ棬Ǿɣ
һмֲĻˣȷûʱôҪַµôˡ
ǽȴַ֣ǧѾ֮ڣ
֮ڳ֮⣬˷ʮ飡
ʮҲԸַģǻ֪﷢ǣֻ󷨵İȫشȴַĳ֡
ַ磬ָôˣ
ַҪʱָ취סɣ
˿ַ̣зǳڣĻԲܳ£ԭƸûаԼѣӵһμԼԼ
ַѧԺȻַΪԼá
ַΪǸˣĵ˽ƣƺƮѩǲǺַ֣ڸոҪڲȴƵ˶Ը
ַͻȻָоԼĺںܶ෽滹̫űˣ
һδεĽѵѾַ򣬵ַĻǲס
ЩѶȣסʮ˻ûģǼ棬Ҳæ
һʮŸ鱻ʮŸռ䣬Ŀư취ǳ򵥣ޱڵҹպɭֲĹŪЩֲùǣֻÿֲĻȥĥǣ
ȻľֶλŲסǣûþʮ飬һ˲ٿҲæԣֻҪǿƾͺá
סЩ˺оڵ
鷢֣ǱһϵĸֿƣҲ˵ĵˣʱ򶼱ƣ
ȫ󷨵֮ڵ˾Ӷ룬ȻǵĲʶ֮󱻿Ƶ˾ͻȫǸˡ
˵Ǹظһƣ
ڶ죬֮ǿ߿ûгʮ󷨡
񣬲Ҵ⣬󷨽Щ档
죬ֶʮ飬ܹѾжʮŸ飡
ʱ䣬Ѿ󷨻о͸ʱҲǽ󷨹ʱˣ
ǾȻɱңڣҪ׼ˣҵĹϾ͵
ÿ䡣
󷨵ʮŸ鶼ûַģȻʱ򣬽ȿ˿ʼһԷַ磬һɱ˹ȥ
Ϊ඼࣬Ҵһֹͻ֮ϷֱԼˣΪЩ˶ƵĵӣѧĻͬĹ
ʼʮɱһЩңǺܿ죬Ҷ֪Լˣһжǻþ
ǰ취Ҳû㹻ȥ󷨵ĹֻûȥԻˡ
Ҳǳ֧ʱ䣡
Сٻʱ飬ɲö
Сٻ󷨣ʴһʡ
öͻȻ۾һԣȻԣòˣôѺ¸ˣ
Ǭڽָʾ֮½֮ռ䣡
ַȪˮһѵģȻж
鶽ź££ţù˼ǻ֣ᷢӲ󷨵ģ
֮ڵĹͻȻãж
䣬ԱߵһλѾѪ
¼ӿ˷Ŷٶȣܿ죬ڵĶʮ˶о˶أ˶סԷ֣
ûõģ֮޿ײ룡Һ·ŵĶ֮࣬һǧڴҲᶾ
κǶֱ۵Ƥٵ룡
֪ⶾǱƲȥģԼұۣǹ±ķ֣Լ˷޾ĶԼ
֮ڣ¿϶ڵһʱ߶㿪Щأǣ󷨣ôɣǵصĶأ
ʮӵʱ䣬֮ڣе鶼һغ
֮Ǿ½Ŵ涾֮һǳټһĶصȻɱ飬Ǻ춾֮壡ھʹ֮
ʲôࣿʲô֮
ԣֻʮʱ佫ɱҲЩǺɱЩ֮󣬾͵Щɢ֮ڶĶֱȫջڡ
һСʱ֮ж»عڣлָ˶״̬
ϲ黹º»أ»ָô죬ôֻҪͺ˭ܽ
ڴϲ֮ʱһɫӰͻȻڽǰһΣ漴Ѿ˺ߡ
֣һֲ˼ַںϵһ£¾ȫ߿ƣվԭһȫһ㶼ʹ
󾪣̬ӣһ㶼һ֣ǻ֮ڣôģ
һٰѺ¿ƣ
ַҲ𾪲ѣߵǺˣ
ַͽ鶼ܿ϶߲ǵˣûɢκεĵ⣬֮һƬ峺˸оǳ̹
ǵ˵ĻߵͰѺɱˡ
߲ûὣ𾪣΢Цſź£ӣߺô
һ㶼ߣĵֻͷһ𡣡
߼Ƶ΢Цţӣ֮壬Ҳ춾֮壬Ķֻ֮ǳ׶εĶ֮壡ҿĳ֮ǰЩ⣬ǳ˾źתģȷҲתΪ֮壬֮춾֮໥ѹƣ㶼ﲻ徳磬ң춾֮ҲЩڻûȥȵΪ飬ͻᱬʱһʰҸоڵħԷǳǿħǱһݸѹţһѹƲסʱи鶼ɺޣʱɱİˣԣڱߣܾҲеǸˣ
ߵĻ̫ˣֻǿ˺һܷô͸
µ˵ûҵƵȷܵ໥ѹƣ֮ʱҲЩⲢߣȻħҲ˺ߵˣ˺ںˣΪҳħΪںˣһһֱҷһ˭Ҳ޷ɢǣ
ߵĿ⿴˽顣
鼱æǸɶǰҲߣΪվĵ̫ǿֻкܶԸĵˣˣô죿
Ǻǡ㲻صģƬϣұ֤ȫ
ַʱԽ߰ɡ
ַжϵĳ߸ûƭǣµ⣬߿϶а취Ρ
ǰߺҲԣǰմ
ЦھԵȻ㡣
Ժµ£ԹŶȬˣǡ
磬Ҳߣֻһ𡣡


470 ս
ҡҡͷץ˺µұۣһ̣˾ʧ
ַʽ飬ߵǺεȾ磿
Ҳǳɥ֪͸ˣ
齫֮ڵһжţߴźȥʱ򣬽ûио֮κεĲߺͺƾʧ
ⲻǿǿ޷ǿ
ǿռߣߣҲߵʱϢûһ˿һ
ʮڣû˽֮ڣҲȥ󷨱Ե۲͵͵ߣܶİǿߣҾڤ߱񹬵ǧҲ棡
ַ֪ڤ߱񹬵ѾƵ˿ˡ
ַѾָƿ壬ַ緢ԼӲˡ
涼ǰĻ϶û£ǻʮʶɨ
ȥǰ취ƻˣ϶а취ԸԼ
ʱ˰£ַľڻָ˶״̬ΣַҪɱ䣡
ڣַΪһתľ磬˱Դ
ַĵȤԱġ
ַոշɳȥûдɱأͱһǿѹ˵ϡ
סַơ
ĵüˣóˣַ磿
ַ֮ƶյϢظϣǰˣ˵ʮ˻ûг²ѾַˣҲóȻȥ
ַһ㶣ôַ֪磿
ԷѾгַʵ֣װȥѾûˡ
Ƶǲַ֪ģϴóȪˮҾͿʼ㣬֮Һһȥصܿƺ׵ĺҾȷϣһħַ磡
Ŷַ絭ĵϢͨģô֪Щģƾôһжϳһħ
ʮǰϵ۴˷۴һҿɱ㣡۴˽һϢˣһҶ𾪵Ϣɱ۴ŵǣͨأһܰٷְٵȷһħǣҴصȥݷǾڤ߱񹬵ˣǣҵ˸СĪƵˣȷһħϢЩһֱ׷ɱǼÿζѪħǼˣõƵϢҲ͸ˣû뵽㾹Ȼܿҵɱˣ
ưַģһħƣǶôˬһ£Ƹ벻ַܿ󷨣
󷨶Ըַ磬ַȴ󷨷Ըǵˣɱ˶ʮ飬ޱȱ
ǰ׷ɱС˵Ļַһܵģڣַûһо
ַ磬ʵһܲˣ㲻һħĻǻܳΪѣǣע˲ѣ
ޣַ΢ŭѣѣôһʼӴҵʱſңпҵΪãһκ棬˵ѧԺ󷨿ң
Цû㣬ΪһҲ㣡磬κ˶ţֻп˶ԷǲܶĹѣνĸ飬νѣʱʲôǣͷֻöѣ
һ㣬ǰַԲͬǾô£ַѾʼͬ
ǣַϻģĸ飬ݼԼĸ飬СѩԼĸ飬кͺ˶Լĸ飬ģ
ƣ˵ЩûõģѾǵˣûжԸңԺҲԸ㣡
ЦΪʲôͳһǵһԸôҸ㣬ûҵĴڣҲʵ֣ǵǿ֮࣬㲻ġ
ҸûдҪͳһʲôǵһ㣬ҶȤַЦţ㻹ǵʦôôôûǰɣʦҲûأЩ˯ûجΰɣ
һ㡭ô֪£
Ҫ˲֪ǼĪΪ㵱ƮѩΪ˻͵ɱԼʦЧۺϵۣҽһ׸ۣ£ǰǰҶԼôӣ㾹ȻǣǲҲĵԺɱأ
Ƶɫǳѿ漴Ц˵ʲôûˣô˶ѾҿˣǶЧңأȥ˭أڸһ·߲߾Ϳˣ
·
ڽеȪˮҾͷߣɣ
ַЦұɣҵҪ˭ɣ
ľ
һ־һ½ַ˽ȥȻַǹⱻȥģ
ͨϳ籩֮ʱƺַǬҶΪǬַԣΪַĿԼȼֱһϣһ£
ԣһʼ򣬽ַһɱ
Ƹоַľ绹磬֪һħǲôɱģΪַֻ޺齻֣ûпַʹùκκڰ
Уص֮ϣƿַ˴ܵĴˣһʾַ绹кܶûã
ԣһ־뽫ַأ
ַ翴ƿǽƾͼƣ
˵ԼѾķǳֻǿûпֻصͨѣĵǴ̹Ŵٵ֮ĵ
ô˭ܺ͵أ
Ƶַճ֣͸оǿĹѹƣ
Цȥɣ
Ƴַǳַ类ѹƣȻӴ֮˷ַϯȥ
ƵڣƵͻǣԵģַͻᱻȫѹƣ
ҳǿ
ǵصַ֮ǹһĨЦ

˷е֮˽ȥ֮һĶͱըЩֻƻ޴ĵһСַ֣õԼĵᱻ֮ը٣
һôַ֮֮ڻ΢һ£һѪ
ƴ󾪣ԼȫôԼᱻԷű
ǣʧܣǸҲᱬ
ƿַѾˣ᱿Լô
Ƶһʱ佫ַ˳ڷųͬʱַ罫ƾ˵
Ƹŵ޾ϢεĻ꣬оκˡ
ǽľˮԵϲֹⰵɣڴ˻ϵĹһЩߵȵ֮ϣӶֵĹ֮ǶԹɵġ
ڣƿʲôܵһֵһɣա桢ɽľȵȫɣ
ʲô
ǰȥַ򣬷ǳСҹĿʮͿԴ򱬣أ˵ĸоޱ޼ʣԶûоͷ
Ʊ𾪲ѣĹ־һĹѹƴƽʧȥսʤԷ
ƣˣֻҪһſԽƵ˶ɣ
ЦɱûôףҵҪʲô
ô

Ļ껻޾ŵĹϯȥ
ַ粻ţǵеһжеܰѹ
䣡
һıըΪı˳ַʶӦַȫǧ׷Բİ֮ºֱײ
ַһҿж֮ģ
ַһתַоƸתô򵥣ǰƸַת϶ƭ˵ģ
ھ綼꣬ˡһԲֻתô򵥣
תڵĹ֮ɢˣ
ƴЦҵȷûĺã㲻Ҫˡһǰ磬ɣ
ַϵ֮ͻȻǵֱ޾һ±ȫɢ
ҲǴ󾪣æַСˣһתľ磡
һתתĸ磡
磬ÿһתǳѣꡢֱӹҹһתתĲ̫ˣ;϶ȶ෽˺ü
ַ״̬򣬷Ƶ֮ǿпһ
ַƣ̫ˣСˣת㾹Ȼת
Ц˴˱˴ˣҲԶˣΪ㻹ûе磬ϴα׷ɱҲû뵽㾹ȻôǿϴװǵҲƭ˵ģǶͬˣαװʥأ
ϻ˵ҽһնɱڴˣ
ǺǣͲһתתĲ࣬ǲģĹѹƶҸûã
ƴ֮£еıǧ֮ľ޽޾ַ֮˹
ַ粻òϣԼ֮ûƵĶ࣬Ƶ֮һûУƴ֮
ң˵ģһתȥѹתЧǳС
ǳ֮
ַǳ֮ƶԿ
ǽ֮ϻ꣡
ǳǽĽϡ
ַ綼þûʹùǽˣΪԼΪߵһľ֮ǽѾû˺ʵȥʹãȥʹðɣ
ÿ׹еȥʹãǽ⾳Ȼ֮ǳ֮ǳġ
Ҳ˵ǽܺħ⣡Ϊ潫Ȼߵľ磡
ڣַǳ֮ҪȻ֮Ҫǿ
ȻǳɱУַֻһжûѧѣɱ̫򣬶ǳ֮Ŀƺм̵Ҫ
ǹʯ٣ݺݵƵķ˹ȥ
䣡
Ƶ֮Դ֮໥ɡ
ǳ֮ȻƵ֮ƺȡ֮֮ߣӲĽַǳ
ȻҲɣͫһ˫ðһ֮ɫ
ַ磬ǳ֮ص˴ܴУ
ûôۺˣĽȺˣ
ƴŭַ磬ɣҪ򣡡
˵꣬ϵ֮Ѹٱǣղŵǿʮϣ
Ʊ׷Բֱֱַ֮֮ӽַɣѹ飡ţʮַ֮ûס
ַͺһУ
ַӡ֮ĴмܣĴҲֻôһмܣУֱӴ
ַ֮ַĴȣ·еһ֮ȫַе֮֮ϡ
˿ַ̣е֮ѾȫʵʻһַҲû˿
е߾ǽ͹ȫ֮֮ϣȫɱˣ֮󲻿


471 ǧ
һ֮֮ϱǧ֮ĹĻƺҪǰһѹ飡
ľУЩӿ֮Ϊͬʱгһɫ
ںڰĿռ֮趯ŷһʥϢ
Ʈѩն
ɫ޾Ĺеϯȥ
ⲻ֮
ƺڰͬʱҲеһһĹܿƵס
һ㣬ɺͱըϱըһǧ֮ϵĺ蹵ɭ֡ɽ塢ڱը֮лһ
֮ƻַһۡ
еȡʤеĹֱƵķȥ

Ѹٿ֮ӭ֮Ժȥ
ͫЩ֮ɫ
䣡䡭
һ춯صıըһӰǿıըԶ

һѪĿЦѪƴ׿˹ɣսɣҪһдݻ٣
ַ磬㻹ǷȥɣѹòƵľ̫߳࣬սȥƻ̫󣬵ǳܲġ
Ļ䣬ַȥ³Ƶ֮ϵա
ַ֪ƻһѹƣַ˵ĶսԵƻ̫Ȼ˵ڵİɫĹ޲ĵĿǹ
ŵĴѾ֮ڵȫþҲûɱƣ
̫ǿˣַ绹ЩСơԣַƵʵҪжϡ
ƳԶַЦ÷ҳˣɺܶˣ
ֱӿصַ˹ȥò˵ַĻҪǿ
ͬʱƵƵѷַ֮֮˹
ַ磬һתתҲòǳǿǾĲĲ޷ֲģƴֱ
Ѿõʣ޼ڣַֻǳ֮ƴ
˼ַ֮ǳ֮ҲĿסƵĹ
ǳ֮ȻǱԴѹƵַ֮ǳ̫֮ˣƵ֮ԴԴϣ
ǳ֮ʮ֮Ƶ֮ǳ֮ǧٱ
ȥǰ취
ƴַڽڰˣڿַһʱɱַ磬Ҳһż
ַ磬ɣˣ
ŭһ󿪣Ĺ糱ˮһַӿ޾֮Ҫַһѹ
ַԵƵַЦ
ħ߲㣺ɱ
ַеľħûһѹⰵԪɵľ޽һϢƵѷ֮ݺݵ˹ȥ
ƴЦƿҵĹЦ
ǣƵĴЦܿϣ沿ıһŤʱоʶ֮һʹ̶Ѫ
ⰵ޽һ·ͨ裬ݺݵǧ֮ѷ֮ϡ
䣡
˵ĵһʱ͹رԼȻȥ
ַΪƿƵĹҲƵĺ̵֮ɡ
˶ˣƵҪַĸأ
ֱӹҹ򱻵ĹַļңƵһ𵴣Ѫ
ַҲܣת֮ȫһѾദѣַ缱æ˼Ȫˮʱָ˺ܶࡣ
ΪʹУַȳ˯ˡ
Ҫ
ַϯɷ֮ƵķȥͬʱŴǳ֮һٽɱ
ַ磬Ϊɱô
ѪɫĿֲƵü赲Ĵַǳַ֮֮֮ȫ
˿ַ̣оϱԼ޷ֵ޷⣡
ʲôַʶ޷͸Щ
ַǳ֮Щȥַʧķ֣ǳ֮ȻЩѪɫ
СٻæһҪƴˣַ磬ų
ַһȻôţ
СٻһҪͣѾַɶ
ַоһĺϢϢԼƽ
ַ޷ģ
ѵҸոմصҪǳǿô
ַѣĻǳǿԻῴԼһԼǳʧ
ַҲǳǿĻǿ̫ˣ츳;ž֮಻ʤӵдԵҲǳַ࣡һ
ƾһַ޷սʤǿߣ
ַ֪ԼӵеӵоħͰˣ
ַҪǳǿ֮ʱһ׺ͻȻַߣץַ֣һߣ
һ̣ߺַѾƵΧ֮⡣
ƵɱͻȻʧȥĿꡣ
ƴһæԼߵ£ƺ㣿
ߵĵûƬ֮ǰҾѾˣҴӦַ磬Ƶڣû˺ԣ㲻ɱȻ£Ҿ͹ܲˡ
ǴߺµǸߣ߹Ȼ˵㻰˵סַ磬õ
ƿԼΧ¾ַ磬ʱף߲ԼܿģˣҲ̽ߵʵ
һͷԼô죿ȻƶԼʵǳģǵǿ̫ˣǵһǧ꣬Ƿǳ׵ġ
ߵãȻҪסַ磬Ҿ͸ӡ
ֻܵͷ
κַ罻սƿʼʱ˱ǺܿƾǿŤתǬȻ׶ֱַˣջʤˡ
˴˫ս˫Ա˴˵ȫ˽⣬ţ´ַ磬һڵһʱ佫ַƷɱ
ԣƲõģֻҪַ죬׷ɱַ磡
ַллǰȡ
ߵлңǰĳŵˣַ磬µЩЩҩʱѹסϵڻȱһҩȥħҵϴ죬Ҫһҩģʥ٣ҵҩľܳ׵ϵ
ַҲû뵽ģ֮ǰ³˾Ϊµ峹źΪһЩ漴ַ֣Ҳûз֡
ں£ַǷǳںġ
ַӦ鷳ǰΪ·ˣȥ
Цħǵһĵһأַ磬ȥҲȥ޻أ
ַȣͲˣƣҵҴˣ
ڳַȥ˵ڤ߱񹬵ǧȫڵ档
ڳƲҶ֣Ŀַ罫ڤ߱񹬵ȫߡ
Щ˸սڵըǵƻ˵ģַ뽫ڵ֮
Цַ磬ôҪɱң
ַ粻мĵѲϴɾҰɣһһɱ㣡
ַߣƵȥ
ճƵƾ׷˹
ƣ㻹ô
Ц˵û˾ˣҿӣ
ַƲͣôѵҿԿƺ
ַ˵ţŮ派Ѫٻͷ޴ĺסƵȥ·Զȥ
ҧгݣַ磬ҳɱ㡭
ɱ˺û׷ַ֪ܿƺںϸɱַ磬׷ɱȥԼ
û׷ַųһҾ֣Ĩϵı־С
֮Ĩȥϵı־ַǲ鷳ڴңĴֻͻΧ
ַ統ȻЩˣֻǲ˷ʱѡ
޵ĸۿڣַһݵͼѯ˼ˮ֣ȷ˺ħλã߶þֿٺС
ҪȥħᴩˮٹƮѩˮ֮²ܵħ
ַһ·ˣһ֮󴩹˻ˮһƬսңħڵϢַ֪ò˶ãݾͱСռˡ
ַûͣǰС
·Ʈѩ֮ʱ˶ַĴֻ̲һûʲô״ͷַǰС
ǰħĴַֻֻһħȥǱ½֮ϵ׷ɱ޴Żȥħء
ȥ˺ħҪħ뿪ħ
ȥħɱˣжǿҲûһܻų
ַŮ派Ѫѹƺһ·ǳƽºַ翴ǰһսһӰʮںͺս
ַƵУǸӰѾַĴϡ
ַʶƮѩĸƮѩ
ԭ㣬ַ磡
ַһ㶣ǺǣϢ찡
Ʈѩַ类ܵץȥˣȴæѾ˴ܲŴУ
ַȫ䱸ǣ
ַСӣƮѩЦûж⣬ǲһħûκιϵҲûлôܴҲһϵûУֻʶѡҲ˳ΪˣֻҪǾڤ߱񹬵˲ƮѩԣԶΪˡĴֻһ£ȥأ
ħ
ƮѩŶȥ԰ͬ·;˼κ͵ϮˣûжĴֻҽһң
Ŷô׼ңȥħһһҲܶຣҵĴԼҪء
ַ϶дǲƮѩַƮѩһøжûС
ƮѩһľŮȻϵľ磬Ů˶ԼòŮˣǷ˻ŮûһƯ
ַƮѩ￴һϢϢƮѩأȴôزסַҲЩ֡
ˣԲһʲôˣ
ƮѩǵĴܶ࣬⼸󸮵ѣɱսںǵĴˡȻУҸ߼չһңô
ôҲַ粻ƮѩϻֱӾܾ
ں֮ϣַкæƮѩǿַҲ£
ַѾŮ派Ѫĺ߰Χ
ƮѩЦʮ鶼Χ
㲻ҿҪˣ
ôȻҪҾһ񣡡
ַ绰䣬ѾʧͷƮѩʮΧɱ˹
˴󾪡
⡪ǧ
Ʈѩһȫ߼Ϣţַ緢ֽµˮ˲ͷס
Ƭˮи߽׵ĺеҲ޷⣬ߣ
ƮѩԶɶȥ
Ȼľ޴ҲֻܽЩ⼸ʮѣ
ܣ
ַ׷ȥ뽫Ʈѩɱ
Ʈѩµ򣬿ٷȥ
ַ籯ķ֣ԼȻ׷Ʈѩ
鷢ȳ˯ˣûڤħļ٣ٶȸ᲻ȥַҲףƮѩľԱԼ߳ܶ࣡Ҫǿ
ʮʱ䣬ƮѩܷɳԶַҲƲôԶĺ
ַ׷ɱ
ƮѩԶȥ𽥽⣬ַųǰС
ַ֮ڵ˺ħ


472 ħ
첢ֻǧ﷽Բַ̤뵺һ̣оʶΣһ㶼ɢַҪУȻɲ
ַһ
һ֮ǰѾ˹
ʱҲܵһǿΣԣκ˽֮ʶɢȥҲɲǧǰǵһ㣬ʱһƬĵȴһأǿɣλǿ߾ҵˡ
ַСǰУʶɢȥôֻܿ۾ͶȥжһС
Ȼַ粻£о춯ַͻῪʱĻû͵Ϯַ硣
˼ʮӣûʲô쳣ҲûпʲôˣֻǿһЩصСɽ֮ȥ

ַͻȻһľӲԶ
ַ翴һ˱һô֮ϣ⣬Ա߲Զһֻ޴ĺɫħĿˣԾԾԣ˴ˡ
ַŮѪֻħѹȥ漴ŭһֻħ޺ܵһ㣬Ķӡ
ллȣлл
һȥʮˣļһ֮ࡣ
￴κ˵ΪַҲ֪˵Ϊжߣֱַ磬˵ΪûԼߡ
Ǻħô
ǰллˣҽгѣѵ˲Ǻħˣ
ֱַӵǣˣҸոյﲻãҽַ磬Һħ죬鷳ȥĵ̡
ѵһ¾ˣִˣ˵Цˣħû˸ȥĵ̣ȥĵֻ·һǷҰɡ
ŶַΪΣ
ЩĵħȼɭϣÿԼĵ̣ȫһʵ˵ĵط˭ֻҪȥħ·κĵ̶˽ɱԽߣǿԽࡣȻȥʱû˽ɱģ߳ħҲǲܵģ졣ȻʵͿɱĵطֻҪ㹻ͻ㣡Ǻħǧɱ̵ˣˣûһܻԣҪ죬ǲܵģ
ַ·ɣҪ£˻ĵ̣һأ
ɫǳѿˣҴ·˰ɣֱߣĵ̣ĹСİɣСΪ̫ˣֻһ͵ץˣĵطҾûȥ
У·ұ֤İȫ
ͻȻһԱߡ
ַһץ˳ѣ͸壬Ѿжϳǰתľ硣
ַץ˳ǰȥ
ѿɥˣֻ֪ǰĵ̣Ҳ֪߰ȫһҪŹҡ
ָоմӳ˻ڡ
ַʵʲôģ
ңѵûκһ£ô͵Ϊûῴҡ
ַЦתΪѾˣںħ⣬Ѿϵǿˣô˵ѵô
Ѽæ͵ģħɭﵽŵرһ֮ǰ׷ɱҲӵʱΪֻǰת£Ѱҵ˼ĵر˺ͳתˣǰܱһĵȥ͵ץˡ
ַʵǿߣ಻ࣿ
ѵʱ̣û飬඼ǰתϵǿߡҲƾԼصԶȥǰĵ̣ҾͲȥˡʶɢȥҸͲȥ桭˵ܹʮںħģ
ַͳ˱߱ģַħҲ˳˽⡣
ڳѴ·֮£˰ȫʱûκΣա
ⲻǡտʥݡôô
ַʶ
ַ˳Žʶȥһεʯͷ¶һڲͷ
ַʯͷпСĴѲݰ˳
γһ죬ַȻʶǴܸܳһƷҩݡ
۷ֱǰɣصĵط㶼ܷ֣
ַЦѣ
ʲôˣ
˵סַͳѵȥ·
Сףλиͬ͵Ķͳͳ
Լҵҩݣô͵ģҪ˵
Ϊ׵ǵĵ̣һжǣ˵ˣϴ͵Ķأһ
ѴЦƾǼץסôҪǣүܹµһ
˵ҪǱַץס˸첲
ү߰ɣ˶࡭
ַ粢û˵˾ħһǽһʽ̰ǹֱкȥ
˸ոհ˳ûгУͱʬ塣
ַֻһ־ʹǳ֮Ҫϰǳ֮Ŀȡ
ѧϰκιֻεʹ֮²ĥȺͶƿء
ҪƿصҪͣʹϰȻɱ˺ͽսõĥ
ѿ˱ɱһȻĵˣʲôΪ
ַ絭ĵ߶ˡ
ûʣַ֪粻˵
ѿַôǿַоĶˡ
˼ǰУһ·ϣ鷢˺ܶҩݣЩҩĵطǳΣһ˶ֲˣеҩݿȥֻͨҩģǰγ֮ͻ죬Щҩڶôصĵط߶ôѰң鶼ҵ
˰ʱַҵһҩģǳһûҵַֻܸĽʺޡ
ˣǱ߲Ҫȥһĵ̣Σգ
ַҪұȥѺס
ַʲôкܶҩݣǰߡ
߰˷Ӻ˵Ǹĵַ̣翪ʼʮӵʱҵ˽ٿҩݡ
ˣܶҩݶǾҩģﶼҵ
ƣ˷ܲѡ
ѿɥΪʲôһŶҲô
ȻҵҩݶһҲģЩеҩݣϢͨҩûʲôֱĻǧǧ˭ֱܷĳֱܷͱЩ˰ˣͲ
ҩ񽳣ЩҩصĶôΣӲķۡ
ҵĴҩݶûг죬ȻⲻҪֱֲǬͺãǬȪˮЩҩȪˮ֮Ƕҩ
ϵҩĽ
ַƵʱһЩʶ˴ַ磬ַܲˬ
ͷַ磬һֱûпǰй۲죬ǿóֱܷƷҩݣԵַռ˺ܶҩ֮Ҫ뿪ķΧ֮ʱЩ˲ų˳
˶ʮˣֻˣǷַַôҩܵʮ֡
ַû˵ɱ˹ȥ
ʮʱ䣬Щ˶Ѫ֮Уɱһƽһʱ䣡
ѿ۾ֱˣֲ˵ҪҺħˣԭôǿ
ַĸߴڳѵ˼֡
ǣѻǵ͹ַˡ
ַһֱǰУһֱɱˣ
˵ĵַ̣ѾɱٶˣЩ˶ǰΪߵǰתǿߣûгһ顣
ԣַһ·ɱͨ裡
Ѹں棬ʼǾȣ𾪣󽥽ľˡ
˵ˣˡ
𡭡Ѽæסַĸ첲ˣүǧңһ·ɱŭЩˣڿ϶ĴˣߣᱻǶ⽴ģ
Ǻðɣңˣ
ѾԼַһ·ɱôˣԺַҪǰԼƲôԺԼûкӹˡ
ַɱ֮ʱ˼ǿ˵ļ䣬Ѿ˽⵽·ôˣҲ˽жǿ
ԭħֻʮ֮в飬Ҳ࣬ÿҲôĸѡ
ȻЩҲõĵرͻģͻ飬ӺħҲ߲ȥ
ûˣǲ֪ħôĵرˣΪȥֳȥ
ҲȥЩȥǶʧˡ
ߵĵ̣ĵرַ࣬ṵ̂ģֻڰȫشСǰУģȻЩļ֪飬ЩǷֱ治Ĳ
齻սԻܴĶַ粻ұ֤᲻ʱ鷳ˡ
Ǻħʶɢȥ˶ĵ̿϶ǳϤǿߣԿĿ϶ַ硣
ڶһ磬ַ˺ħģҲĵ̡
ո̤ĵ̣һУݣ찡ݣ񰡣īݣʥĸǰ
鲻ϵļţַ簴սָʾڷġϴ١
£Ӧ˰ɡ
һɫӰϢĳַİ׿⡣
һߣͷҰףɫĿûһ˿顣
ַ絭ĵǰɣ
ңһ·ҵĵ̣һֱע㣬ôණҲƽϣֻҪҳһáΡҾͷŹ㣬Ҳֻ·һ
һֱ۲ңַƾֱȥоԼߵĶ֡
ĸ֣һ󼤶εϢַ硣
ַ絭ĶЦǾ½һҩų˾Σͻơ𡯾ûκƿԻþŴβ֮ѵǰطоΣ㲻̫ܰɣ
ǺǡõĲ٣оΣµģҲŪġ
Ŷ
ַ粻⣬һǿܰԼֵĶ㶪Լܶô
߼ǧǰƬ췢ˡˮ˾εӣǸոȥεӾ˾ˮǱ˵صףʧһ֮£죬˷ȫǧ꣬ҲûҵΣҼһ·ֱܷħĵرŵرҶܶ಻ʶҲֱ治ȴһҵԣ°æҵΣһк񱨣
ַ֪ħΪʲôˣԭԭ
ܽʶգǰ˵Ϊ֪жߣ
찡ֽУôڵ£ͷǸ
ַǰֻþˮǲڵֵģΪӰΣǻ۷ǳߣˣҵӦýˮֲܵﶼҵ
ҵͨ˵Ĳͬûֻˡ

ַǰʵǰħǰҩģҰǰҵΣǰҪӦңһþʥ٣
ɫ΢䣬˭㣬оʥ٣
ַʵʵ˵ҲһλǰǰƵסҲ֪ǰ
ðɣֻҪҵΣҴӦ㡣ڽʶͷڿȥˡ


473 
ַоԼΧĿռֹı䶯ַ緢ԼʶڿˣҲԷˡ
ַʶһ󵭵ĵҵˡ
ʲôҵˣ
һԼǧҲСӼʱ䲻ҵˣ
ַЦʵҸտҵˣǺǡ
Сӣ㲻ҪŪ飡
Щ΢ŭԲַĻ
ַ죬ϵǣСߣ
һ㶣壿
һؿڿյġ
У죡
ʱֹͣ
ַ翴Ѿһû˵£ַʹʱֹͣ俪棬һץ
ַʱֹͣҲ棬ַ緢ıı仯֮н־֮ɫʼĽŲƶ
ʲô
ַ糷ȥʱַַѹȥһ߲˲Ρ
ַ罫˲ν죬¿Ҫܺˣҵ֮³˯ˣʱ֮ͻߣ
Ӳˣ
ޱǿȥ

ַоɢһޱǿַͻȻָооӰޱȵĸߴ󣬺˺嫵һ㣬Լ֮µһֻ϶ѡ
ָоҲһԶûͣ
һ˲䣬ַȫ亹ֱ˫ȷԵڵء
ַ𾪵ľκˡ
ʲôǿ˵ĵز˿ַѾ߷һ˲Ϣ֮£ȴѹַ羫
Ҫ˵սˣַǰѾʧȥһҪɱַ磬һͷܽ
ֵĵ⡭Ϣ
𣿡
ţħǳ𾳽磡֮ϾǴܣԾξΪͻ𾳽磡ֵǣͻȴûг٣˵ԭΪ𾳽ϣڳʲôԭ򣬾ΪԼľָѣԲûг٣
أַ緢ֳڷϢѹ֮£ֱˡ
ַ𺳲ѣﾹȻǿߣ
ַͻȻЩʧ䣬ľȻôԶֱ֮ң
飬ȻôǿǺħͬһˣӦʶ
ʶòǼٵģûг֣ôʶ֪棬𾳽ˣֻħŮпռ֮񣡵ʱϵۺҲֻ۾ѣûдﵽħŮͿռ֮ˣ벻˭
ٵòַ翴͸ߵʵס
쿴ַ羹ȻԼѹ֮¾Ȼַĵ˵ͷ
ʲô֣
ַ硣
šʵô֪Ҳϵ
ַԵɣַЦӰΣ̷ǳߣԻû֮ľһϲģҩ񽳣ȻԷֱǰΪ֮󣬿϶֮ϵһһľǳϤûĶǰʶ֮̽ºܿͻֿᷢɵĶʶ죬̺ʽֻҪѵʱͿҵǾǰߵĻôǰһֱʶȥǾԲϵĶԾηǳյǰҲװæǧꡣ
Цǽƻһ֮ʱڵµķ֣ԣϣδ룬û뵽κҰװæǧ꣬粻ǰٹǧҲҲˡ
ֵץסεʱõĿǡʱ֮е߾硪ʱֹͣ
ַһ𷽲Լʱֹͣץס֮ʱ⽫棬ַ緢ƶûбʱס
ȻַɲԼʱƷǿߣֻ֮²Ž˽ȥ
ַʵʵ˵ǣǰǺõȷʱ֮еʱֹͣҿǰʱ֮ҲԶǰΪ
г˾֮ɫȻˡʵҲʱҪȻڸղûз֮£Уһܶôҷԡ졯ڶˣûʱĹҲûʱ㷽ŵʱҸоʱͬһԴܷ֪ʱӺζ
ַһ㶣ͬһԴѵҲħ
ַǰʵҵһλѽ̸ҵģħˣ˵ħаħǶħһλܺõѣܺõֵܣܺõĻ飡һѧ˺ܶණ͹ѧöö࡭
ַ˵˵ţԾ˵˺ַܶ࣬ͻȻˡ
ˣλأ
ַ絭ĵΪ˾ңˡ
ͻȻλǲǽ
ַһ㶣ǣǰô֪˵ȫ
̾һ컯Ūˣ֪Ƭ½һҵˣȷǸˡ
˻Ѿ֤ʵħ
ֵַ磬ʱɡ
ǰ˵Цˣһǰ̺ѧϰʱأҺεº̵ܽǰأ
ڿЦôȻѧϰʱǧ꣬ʼûʱֹͣԣң
ַ缱æǰΪ϶ͨ쳹أѾǶǿߣΪλҪȥѧϰʱأ
컺ĵΪΪߣΪˣκѾûȤȻԴûȥġΨһȤľǿռʱþʥٵߣûв´ĻӦþǸռǿߣǰҩҴһܣûɱҲҩĿռǺȴˡڣҪľʥҲԸ㣬ӦסʲôʱʱֹͣȻߣ
ַ缱æüþʥ٣Ҫҩ͹ȥҩȥ
ַ籾ܾģΪַ绹кܶҪҪתһ룬һǿԼʱôԼҲԴѧܶණĻأ
飬ȶһ߰ɣʵҪģ
ðɣƭңǸͷпռӹҵ㣬ǵһ㣬ӲģһȥɣҸȥǸͷҡ
ţ˰Ҳæ鷳չһ£
쿴˳һۣҵĵ̾ͺˡ
ǣ
ÿռȥްɣʱԼͺã
Ļ䣬ַԱ߳һռѷ죬ַ绹ûзӦͱ˽ȥһ룬ַӿ£˺
ַӺ𣬷ԼѾ޸ĺ
ַų֣ȥƵ
Ƶַ֮ѾԶԶĿߡ
һ룬ߵӰѾַĴϡ
ǰǾʥ١
ַ罫һнߡ
ߵʶ͸мһҩƷĵ˵ͷ
ЩϷʵĵûΪɣ
ûУǺǡ
Ҿ֪СӿõҩܵľħΪҲΪѲɣǺǡ
ߵһЦʧ
ַ羪ڳߵ˭
ַ֪ݲΪ棬֪ħͽĴڣǾͲͬˣһʶħ߽顣
飬治ʶô
治ʶҲóòǼٵġߣĿռѾﵽ˷ǳֲľ磡Σ߲ǵĵˡ
ַٴȥ˺ħ
ַ˺ħϷУûܵסַ硣
ǲܷеģ鷢ַ磬ַ֪ˣ
ٴĵַ̣緢վԼǰһλŮ
ף溮˪䵽ǺµĮҲŮ֣
ٱµ˼㣬һж̳һ㣡
ôΪҲᱻҵòԻô
ַЦû뵽ԭһλŮ⣬һϲŮһ㣬ܲԣ
ǺǣҲ죬ҽ飡
龪еַ磬֪˭ˣħ֮еһ񣡵Ȼģʱǧ棬ħǱķɵģԼӡѹƣŴ澧ͨģ֮ʱСͨĹֱӽ磬ħս֮ʧ
ħַǾȲѡ
ַЦԺԽô
ֻһŶѣ㡣
飿ֺ̫ʺһŮӣҪҸ㻻ְɣ

ϵıûиı䣬Щ΢ŭ׵һȭַ˹
һȭַȴ㲻ֱӱҷɣؿһѡ
㣬ܲ㣡
ַ粻Ĵӵ
һͷӵĻַԷǳ𾴣ǰǰǰģһŮȻǰħ񣬵ַôԸȥһŮΪǰ
ַ˵֣ȷǶĴ󲻾
˵ûûСҲԣǼٶҲһɱ㣡
ַ͡
Сӣǳ֮ôԣѾַʡ
㣬㲻Ҷ㲻㲻ܽСӣǶҵĲĳ֣˵һ飬ҽַ磡
ǺǡЦãҾͽַ磬û뵽ǳ֮塣
ַĵȻʦһλܣ˵ʵɱҵĻʦһ֪ʱҲһ
ɫЩÿĴܣһ˵ģڻǳĴܣֻǡãҶ˵ңʦ˭˵Ĳ㣡ʹ޵ľ˵ƭң
ַ֪ħǳʹޱ˵ѣʶ˵ʱַ˿Ц棬˶ŭ
ַ绺ĵðɣˣʦǡǳգ
һ˿ȣǲдܵĴţȻ˵֣ܵ㣡ȻǴܵĵӣôԺƽƽԺ͸ңʱʱֹͣһߣҲɣ㲻ҪͼߣҴһӶ߲ˡ
ŶǴҪòʱֹͣأҺæΡ
ˣѧϰ֮ʱǧʱ䣬һЩƤëǧʱ䣬Сɡ
ַŸᣬǸɶ㣬һкܶҪ죬ʱҲһʱһһϦ򵽵ģѵҪǧ겻ɣϼ縺ʦ𽻸ҵʹΪ㵢ҵ£ʦҲǳеģ
룬һǴܵĵӣӲ˵ѣһ£ԼȷΡ
ðɣһ꣬ᵢ°ɣ
ַ󣡵ˣھ롮սֻжʮˣҪμսȥһռ䣬ҵĿǾ磬ֱĿռҴ͵磬˵һˣҶӦ㣡


474 ԰
ҵĿռȻСɣܿԽռ䴫͵ģҪҸ㣬ȥҾ͸ֻҪʱ䣬ʱ
ַϲҪַģŮȻԼ˵˳
һǿԼߣ˵ܳΪѴأ
ַܿ챻һˮ
֪ʲôҲģҲԸκˣҵΪԸ֮µˣһֳ裡ǣһᱣȫģġ
ַֻҪҾУʱˣҪҵֲ֣
ûµĻʹɣսʼҾȥ
£кܴ£ҪѰҡ֮ءȥȡһһֱҲ֮


͸ַ磬ħڰ˽ǵһĻ֮أǻ֮ǧǰӡ֪ʲôط
꣬ȻҴȥ
ַס
ħڱַ࣬罫Ǭǧڤ߱񹬵ȫųĥ
ǧ˱ƣ棬ô֮ͽ˵
̫ˣ
˼¾ü磬ַţ˶ţǾȪˮţ
ַģЩ꣬ȫͻ龳磡
ַûзԣַ罫ħȫɱ鶼ܡ
ַ꣬ַһоʱÿκַ罻ֶԴ֮ȻͺַʱͻԼ
ַ緢֣ԼȻʱֹͣڿ֮ϣܶ෽鶼ַ˽͸
оʱо˼ǧ꣬źǣ츳ʱ̫ˡ
ַ粻ַͬʱ츳кܶҪȥѧϰֻҪһ򣬾ͻˮɣĿġ
ǣķǳ㽫˽ķǳ͸ʹòǲ࣡츳Ĳ࣡
ԣַҲѧϰ˺ܶࡣ
ַҲѧϰռΪܶʱʱͿռศɵģַ籯ķ֣Լڿռһ㶼ѧϰˡ
ַһѧϰǧĻ϶ҲԶƤëַûȤʱȥ
ÿַ齻ֺ֮鶼չܳʱ䣬һ£߰˸¡
ԣʱǳ죬ַʱ䶼Լ¡
ʱַܿ¶Ѿͻ顣
ǵ٣ԼסģȪˮ壬϶ܿס٣
Լס٣϶Ǿ޶ģԺĳɳзǳĺô
ַǧ飬ѣǧҲû뵽һΪ飡֪еһж˸ģÿ˶ַĹ
ʱոյһ죬ء
㣬ʱ
˵ĻһҾʹȥ֮أ
ץַ磬˿ռڿٵ˲ơ
֮ͳ˺ħץֱַӷС
˼֮鿪ʼں˲ơ
ַֻоǰһΣѾǧ֮⣡
ռǿ
ַһ𣬾𺳣
֮˵޵ɵ˵档
޵Ҳ԰漸ȫޣȻ񾳽ϵˣǲȤģҪޣ
ǧ֮ǰͰ԰Ǻﱻһǿ߿ƣһء
ȥҼޣɼһЩ޵ľѪá
ַȻǰɣ㣬ޣ
Уܶ࣬ҶܴźǣûҲԽ޶ǸƵġ
ƣַ粻
ߣҴȥ
βû˲ƣַǰȥ
ַԿɽҰޣӶ࣬൱ȫ
ЩЩҰһ㣬໥ɱʳ
룬ĳ˸ߵޣЩҲһԲбɱ
ʱǬŭҪ
ַ˻
ŭ޿϶˿ˣһ޵ĲѪԴһħ޻ҪбôԵ£
鿴ŻôĴ޵Ϣ
һ¹Ĵ޵ĺ壡
û֪ħ
֮ԷŭΪҲ޵һЩѪԻΪԼͬ屻кԷŭѡ
˵룬Ѿ˵룬ǰĵضαһָ߽׵Ľӡ
վڷӡ֮⣬ӡκζ
˼ӡǴֱʰûȷĽⷨҲȥø߽ӡ飡
ʱͣڵϿա
ڸַƷ֮
ӡȫޣƵޡַ磬㲻Ҫƽˣɡ
˵ţһͱһʮ׵ȱڡ
ַǿ߾ǿߣƸӡ򵥵ĸˮһ
߰ɡ
˷˽ȥԶա
˽֮ڣַͻ󾪡
˵ĽµɭͷޣֵǣЩ޶ͬޡħޡÿħĴСһǳޣǶĿһе޾ɵڵߣɢ޹⣬ûһ㡣
Щ޶һЩ͵ޣҶû̵ޣҲǱƵʧƷȻЩ޸ʧˣѪǴģЩǵ͵ޣߣһЩߵȵȥɼһЩѪ
Щޣͷŭ
ߣԿһЩ߽ޣЩҲ̷ǳͣƺûʲôսһ㡣
ַźһͷֻ֣΢һЩ͵ȵħַĹûзǳս
ַףЩҲʧƷ
ף
Σﶼûˣﻹмࡣ
黰䣬ǰȥַͻ
ʲôˣ
ʮ֮ԶʮˣΪ׵Ʈѩ
ַ翴ƮѩЦƮѩ벻ͼˣԩ·խ
ַ磬㣡ƮѩҲû뵽ַ磬Цַ磬Ȼҵĵ̣Σȥˣ
Ʈѩ︴ޣޣ¿϶ܴȥ
ŭƮѩ㸴Ƶô
ûףƮѩŻҲޣǶޣ죬Ҳɣ
ɫ࣬ƮѩΥ֮£Ǵ
ǴƮѩЦʲôƨǴ磬ʵ
ƮѩĻ䣬Щ֮г˱֮ɫ֮޺һƬ죬ַ˵ķ˹Զǧֻ߳˹
ɢ޵ϢȥѹЩޣЩ޶ֻһ£ּ
㵣ԼϢȻѹƲס
ԣЩޱƮѩһطƣϢѹѾκá
ַЦŮ派Ѫ
󣬷ŭ֮Ƭ̣֮׷ת˷Ʈѩ˵ķȥ
Ʈѩ󾪣ô£
ַЦЩޣҶǲȫޣȻطǣȻǲȫǵѪǴģѹǵѪô
ߴֻ޵Ȼǿ󣬵Ʈѩһλߵʮ˶飡ԣЩ޸Ʈѩ˵Ķ֣Ǵ򣬽Щսȥò˶þͻɱ
Ͼ޶ʧƷսǳ
ƮѩŭЩ޵أΪʲôû񵽵ȥˣ
ƮѩϻҸЩޣ϶Ϊ˵õǵѪ꣡ɣ
ŭɥĲ񣡣
ҶˣԭƮѩΪ޵ܣ޵ܿ϶ҪȻ޵Ļǿǧ򱶣
Ʈѩ䣬ĿǻԼĺܶ˺£ֻǰתľ磬ȻƮѩĶ֡
Ըǣ
ַսǬƮѩȥ
ƮѩԼ뽫ַߵǸŮ˾ȥ
ַ˵ݺݵƮѩ˹ȥ
䣡
ײƮѩַͬʱرգ˷׷׸оһ΢𵴡
ƮѩĿַ磬ôǿôһϣɱ
Ʈѩʮͬʱһʱ䣬ʮ͹ַݺݵѹ˹
ַдȣħ߲㡪ɱ
鲻ĵΪʲôҪҵ
һⰵ޽Ļݺݵʮѷ֮
鿴ַʽɫ΢΢һ䣬ħľУ
䣡
䣡
䡭
Ʈѩڣе鱻׷ˣÿˡƮѩסҪȻʮ϶ˣ
ַһʮˣжԸĸ˵Ļ϶ᱻַɱ
ַ磬㹻ǿ㻹
Ʈѩŭ֮£޾ַ֮˹ʮͬʱַ֣繥
ַоƮѩľƻҪߣ
ǽڶʽŵ죡
þöûùһˣַ粻֪һǳ֮ʹóʲôЧ
һâһ޴ַֽ档
ַǳ֮֮ϸĳϢ
ǽÿһжǺһγһ΢ޱȵıͼȻַڵľ磬Ǻһֻ˲ûܿǺһĹ̡
Ǻһǳĳ
ʮ֮Ʈѩǿ󹥻ȫַ֮ϡ
䣡
һ󲿷ֵ֮˻ȥһСֵַ֮ɣӰʧԭأÿռˡ
ô£
Ʈѩλ鶼Ǵȥ˻
һ֮ȻṥԼΪ֮Լ㷴ֻҪ˾ͺá
ǷųףͲôˣʮ֮ȥλúͷλòͬһϣ
ʮ֮һ𷴵˻ȥ
Ʈѩһʱ֣ɢԼ֮ȥҲ׷׳ֶԺ䣡
ͬʱַٴγдȣУ
֮ʮֱֲʮ鿳˹ȥ
䣡
ЩȻ߰ת飬Ǹ޷ľУ֮гһĻҺ;֣֮±飡
Զɫһ䣬ռУ
һ
Щ˲䣬ַһЩȥ֮ȫ˹
֮֮ͻɢ˭Ҳ޷Щ֮պãһʱ̣֮Ϊã
ɫȻһħ߹
֮ǰƵ֮ûɱЩ飬ַʱ򼫶ѣڳ˯Ϣţַ壬ԽڵΪûַĸߣԵʱ޷һ
ʮ鱻ɱƮѩѡ
ַ磬ɣ


475 սƮѩ
ַЦǺǣûôףȫҵ죬ڣ
ΣƮѩλĹҪǰǿıַ˵ɣнŲѡ
ǽ֮·

ַϱ޾ǳ֮ǳַ֮ǰγ˰֮һǿչĻ
ַǿչĻǿ󣬷ǳ⣬ǿ˵ĹûģҧأһҪס

ǵص֮˹Ļ֮ʧ
Ʈѩһ֮ʱĻѸͣţͳǧ׷ԲĹĻһ±ѣŹĴ󲿷֮ˮһԭ·أ
дôУ
ŵ·ͬ࣬һǽ˵ȥһǽԷתƳȥ
Σַת֮֮һֱַǰ飡
䣡
ַаУˡ
ַǳ֮壬Ҳܲס֮֮Ĺ
䣡
ַ忪ʼѣ飬ƣַ֮ұ۱֮ӲĴݻ٣
ַ翴Լ屻һĴݻ٣Ϊ

ͣˣû
ַһѪ¼ƿȪˮסʹһɱȥ
Ʈѩһַ磬㻹û
㶼ûôأУ
ַУ֮һ¾λɱ
֮˵֮ȫַա
У֮޷ʹõˡ
ƮѩֱɱҧгݣЩ˶ƮѩǿļʮˣַƮѩβʹģ
ַ磬תͲɱһתҿ㵽жƴ
ַ籾Լǧ£룬ˣ鶼Ǹ߽飬Լû
ַ絭Ц㲻ҪǣǴսʼһûʹ֮
˿̣ƮѩʮλˣַҪȽɱ
ɷ֮
ַΧԲǧ׳˿ֲɷ֮ʱһħ֮ô£
ڸȳ˰ɣǳҵ
ַ罫տʮλ֮ǰ濪·֮ʮܼĹĻַʹʱȷʱţٵĸԼ棡
ַٶȿ쵽һֲ˼ٶȣȻĸԼ棬ԼΪڻ
ַʱԶ뽻ս˶ãֻҪܺ͵˽һܷǿã
Ʈѩ˿ַӴ֮ͬʹַ֮繥ȥ
ַӰ֮֮һ㣬ַ֮һ˼ĽǶȴ·ƹ˱ը򣬶ŷԲǧɷ֮ͻ
һַ̣Ӱһĳ˵İΧȦ֮Уʣµʮ黹ûзӦͱַɷ֮ɣ
ɷ֮ĽʮʳƬַһʱáһЩַ֮緢ƮѩȴӰ
ַʶѰҵƮѩ֮ʱƮѩַ֮ͷݺݵ
ַһûзƮѩʲôʱ뿪ģûзƮѩʲôʱԼͷ
군ˣַͻȻףԼƮѩߵʮͬʱƮѩҲͬʱԼ
ַɱʮ飬Ʈѩðװ׵ĽʮӶһٽַ

ַܵɷ֮ɢݺݵҽ˵صף
ַû˵صףƮѩַص׵ķը
汻˼ǧ׷Բľ޿ӣַ类Ʈѩʶ϶ӲƮѩĹΧ
ַƮѩѹƺ͹֮£Ӧͳֵʱ䶼ûУ
һתת磡ַ޷Ʈѩ⣡
䣡
ַ忪ʼ飡
ַƴԼĵԼǳ֮壬ƮѩһʱɱԼַһҪ֤Сٻлİȫ
ַˣҲɢ
СٻǬȪˮѸַתƣַƮѩֹĹ֮ҲŲӣ
濪ʼѣ
ַԼƮѩԺ䣬ַ籯ķ֣ڶԷ֮ѹ֮£ַ޷֣
ַѾƻַһ֮屬ˣ
СٻæҪȻģ
ϴԸַ֮ʱַѾ֪ޱǿ󣬽Ҳַ̻ʹ÷
ۣȫľ
Ļ鲻Ļͻ飡
֮ڵһ˿ܵĻԺҲḽǾҲʧȥԭ
ħô½ɵЩ飬ֻеҪ¿ʼ
Ȼ۾ϵǿߣһ˿룬Ҳϵۺһɱ̫ˣҪɱۺϵۣҪǵеķ
ǧ֮ǰħ޽ħҪɱħ߾ŮǲܵģǴ֣ܳ
ַȫ˳壬ޱǿϢƮѩɢ

֮ǿ󲻿󣡵ַ˿̵ľ绹ܷ֮һ
ƮѩһַԼͣĺըûûһз
ʲôǳ֮壬Ҳܳôã
Ʈѩַʹգһʹã鶼ģľΪŸȼֻ弶ϲܳΪ
Ȼһ£ĵȼҲĴСȣ̫СƣǿҲᱻƣ;綼ᱻƣôŬĵȼ
õİ취ԲֻͬɣȻҪϵʱ䣬Ե񣬲ʹá
ôģ˷ʱ䣬Σ̫˵ɱҲô׵¡Щ;Ѿ޷飬Ż취취ȥʵ
޾Щɫƣ񱬷Դﵽתϵ
ȻƮѩַֹʹ
ʹ񣬳ս֮бβŻʹ񣬲Ľ׶Σʹս

ַʹͬʱƮѩַͬ
Ʈѩ񱬷֮֮һԵ
˻˻
໥ɣ
˵һ⣬޼
ƮѩɫǳѿԼתǿߣַֻһתôܺԼ
ַҲǳԾԼΪʲôƮѩܵס
оַ뷨Сٻֻһתľ磬Ʈѩת磬Ȼǿ˵ˣƮѩ︴ޣԵ񣬲֪˶޵񣬿϶ǳǿܵסͲˣ㻹ָǿĹƮѩô
ܵһʱ˭Ҳҷ֣˭֣ԷͻɱԷش
ƮѩУַ磬ȥֻܾˣͬھַ磬֣
ַ갡֣ô֣
Ʈѩͬʱ֣
ַЦΪʲôҪ֣飬Ҳֲ˵ǳ֮壬ħ֮壬ôôأ飬ԻΣˣ
ûַǿֻռһ֣飬ֻᱻըһַ֣ޱ޼ʣȫƮѩһǿѾǣһ飬Ի
ַĻ϶ʧȥʧȥеԣַ粻ô
ʱƯ˹˵Ȼ˶ƴȥ˶вֲˣϰɣǺǡ
˵ţһü֮Ľ㣬ӲĽ˿
˼ֿջص֮ڡ
ƮѩĿɨֲѡ
ڿʼսʱƮѩע飬ŽսĿʼƮѩʧˣ֪ȥΪˣҲûô⡣
ڣƾճ֣ӲĽֽս˿ʵƮѩѡ
ַ㵽󣬼æ֮Ѿϵұٴ˳ѵƬҲڿٵϡ
֮ǳ󣬶ЧȪˮǧϣȪÿŻһַ֮Ҳ࣬򲻵֮ʱַҲ᲻ãǴ˿ַ̣ԡ
ƮѩڲףΪַԼô֮ĺˡ
ƮѩǳĶʴǣ
ҵ֪︴ޣЩ޵Ȼǿ񣬵Ǻ
Ʈѩһ㶣ʾ
Щ޶ƣ㸴ƺ̵£ǵҲǸƶģûԵ޵Ҳû֮񣬺ûʲô𣬿ʼʱ˺ܴܶ࣬ܶ󣬵յԽԽ࣬ҲľͻΪҲֹڴˣҪģյ޵񣬶˵޵˵кܴģһûʲôԵõ޵Ĳ޺նˣյǶ޵񣬾ͻĸãЩã񱨷ϣ飡
ƮѩɫһƬҰףΪǰ꿪ʼѾһЩСС⣬ƮѩҲ֪⣬ÿһӣƮѩ䷢ͷʹȴҲκԭ
ڣôһ˵Ʈѩ֪ڡ
ƮѩʲĿռҲܴ;ѭ򽥽һΪǿߣѡһ·һ·ΪĸþͻԽԽ󣬵ʱȡ
ַƣƮѩҵĵˣڸʲôɻΪʲôҪָƮѩ
ƮѩŵĻ겻壬ˡȣֻҪ˾ңƮѩԸһˣƾ˲ǲ
ʳҺαҪ㣿
ƮѩĵˣôҲΪ˿ԼʵΪһЩ۵ľ磬ҪɱǱҪ۵ľ磡ҪҪȵ£ûмǧʱҲܵǸ߶ȣͬʱҵĵҲҺʱܱԣҲ취ҵʵҲû뵽Ľͨ󣬻˽ƮѩֻҪƮѩΪʦ𱨳Ʈѩʲô¶Ը
Ŷ۾ûм˵˵ĵ˭
ҵĵϵۺۣҵʦ𣡡
ַƨƮѩ޳ܣɱʦ˵ϵۺۣҪҪ
Ʈѩɫͱ䣬ַ磬˵ʲôôܻẦʦ𣿡


476 ֮
ޣַҧҺ˵ôϵۺҪʦ𽻳һʦӣӵħô½£ʦϵ۴һսҲѡһȥʦûз֮ʱʦȫ͵Ϯɱǵʦ𣡶ǽһ˳ȥͶۺϵۣڻ˵Һ˵ƶҳϣΪβҳϣڣ㻹ƭˣ˵Ҫʦ𱨳Ҫɱ㻹ô
ɫһ䣬ݺݵĵƮѩַ˵ǲģҪͼƭңһһְ취֪ǲƭң
Ʈѩɫ쳣ѿæˣʱҺʦҲȲѣǲһҲӲϵۺ۴׷ɱοʱϵۺ۷棬ǺʦһǣҺʦ飬ɱʦ𣬽ˡһ踺أ͵ĻţΪԺʦ𱨳ˣ֮˭Ǳ𣿡
ַЦɷΪΪҼǵʦңǳͱʦ̰ͼһˣʦϵۺ۵õֹ֮ǵƻϵۺˡһǳΪܣΪ˭ҲסǵʦԸҲѡһֻٵˡһȴ͵͵ĸˡһ
˵͵踺أΪ˸ʦ𱨳ôôʦԸǶôԸԼҲȫۺϵۣʦʱѡһȥĻôɱǣǣǵŮʦڻ˼˵Ϊ˸ʦ𱨳𣿡
ƮѩɫһƬҰףסڣ͵͵ĸơһƣңˣˣҪңɱʦҲң
ַЦҪһ㣿ֲǵˣɱԭǻ˵ʦ𱨳ǿЦﶼˣ˵ΪʦƮѩĻûˣ
˿޳ܣ飬ԱɣĺҲԲֶΣǣЩҪڵϣԼϣʦϣˣ͸һˣ
Ʈѩ
ƮѩԹԵķ˹ȥЩ֣ˡкηԸ
һЩ
Ʈѩϸȥ漴֡
ĵƮѩƭҡħѪӳһͳɱ¾ǲ˵ѣҲԼ֣κ˶ᣡǳɱ¾ǲֶΣΪˣΪ˱ǵˣˣˣذɣҲ֡
ˣˡˣŹҰɡ
Ʈѩġ
ޱĵҳֵĻĺʹ࣬õѡ㻹Ͷ̥תĻᡭ
ƮѩĿͻȻһ˿壬ҪҲȥɣ
Ʈѩ׼Աַһը
Ʈѩ֪ľѾǴ֮µ߾磬һתֻ϶ѡ
һֱδ󣬶ܰᵽһֻġ
һգƮѩûüԱͻһƬѪ
ַ缱æʹáһɢڿռ֮ȫա
Ŀַһۣû˵ʲô
´㰡㲻˵ҵ㲻ôֻңɱô
Ʋһַ磬ƽҲܣʦˣкã
ƮѩˣֽŴǬƮ˳һֽ֮Զ
ܿ죬ҵһʵҡ
ַ׷Բʵ֮󣬿ȫһЩ½еִ߿Ƽ豸
ﾹȻȽĿ¡
ַǵã½ʱ򣬿¡෽ݾ۹ķɽֹֻһСֵĿ¡Ӧõҽѧ򣬶һСҲӦҲҪܶಿŵ׼
ڣȻȦ׵Ŀ¡װ
ַͻ˶ǳ棬豸ǰоЩ豸ת
Щ豸ĹȫһЩƷʯṩ½ЩҪǿǧٱ
豸һйɵĲռ䣬Ȼ¡豸ܵ͸ġ
е豸ת˿ܵмڿ¡֮еޣһ̥壬Ѿĳ͡
ܵ޳ɳеӪԶṩͬ޵Ŀ¡вͬӪϵͳ¡һޣͻԶʶѡ޵Ӫϵͳ¡һޣֻԶѡһжȫԶ豸
豸ڵԹܣֻҪһ޵ϸµĿ¡ͻ¡һޣ
޿¡ʧʷǳߣΪ޶дѪԴ츳ҪɹĿ¡һֻޣЩҪȫ¡ǣЩ翵ĶЩִ豸ܿ¡ô
¡ȫǵ̵ʧƷ
ȻƮѩֻҪ¡޾Ϳԣ¡֮ЩûԵƮѩͻὫȡԼ
¡ǿսޣƮѩͻػƬ¡ûǿսʧƷڿ¡͵ʱϵͳԶЩɱ
Щɽ䣬ľЩޣЩʧƷޣ
ԣ԰ڳɱޡ
ַ಻ѣƮѩôһ豸ܿ¡ޣ½ʹˣ
˽⵽ŭѣ豸һһһ١
ܿ죬ַ緢һЩı걾
ַ缱æȲҪңһᣡ
ַ翴豸֮ϵļ¼֮󣬴ɥĲ񣬲ޣ඼ƣãûһɹģƵ඼ʧƷ
ַȥûȫɱ
ַ翴ļ¼ǾȻѾƹˣǧЩʧƷҲ˵ոոƳͻᱻɱ
ַڿƲסеķŭһдݻ٣
ŭ죬˱壬Щ豸ҵķ飡
֮󣬹˺ܾã˵ȶ
ַڸ̫̾ˣΪ˻ʲô
ûʲô仯һж޹Ƶġ
ַȻ֮Ѿκƣڵ˺ַǳܣ̫֮أûмµʱָˡ
ַƻָȥ֮ء
ˣʲôҰ
仰ַ绹ʲô
ַȥ˻֮ء
֮أﱾһ죬Դħλ˽֮󣬷ӡͨһӱգͱ˻֮ء
Ͻ½׵ﵱһΣЩд֮ˣȫŵͺħɭһֻɽɳ
ûκһƬɫ
˶ʳߣɶԷĻܺ档
ַȥ֮˲ľжַ˶֣ǶԶ˷ǳη塣
ַ۲죬˺ܶ඼ǰ񾳽磬ǸƤͷڵš
˽ˣһܷУ֪ͨϴ󣬡µʳˣ
ַüʲôôоЩ˵ţ˶ꡣ
ûֲܳȥûгԵûкȵģûµ䣬ʲôûУܻȫ֧֣Ѿܲˡ
˵룬ܿ죬ʮԶ˹˵·ס
Ϊ׵ȵӭλ֮أڵһ룡
û˵һѾλĺ漸Զ֮
ûж֣мɱЩˣǿտռֱӴȥ


ڸӦžħڰ˽ڵϢܿ쵽Ŀĵء
һӡӡһƬޡ
ٶ︽ӡ
ַ֮ʱٶȫ˹
Ϊ׵Ŀ⵭ɨַ飬󿴵ַ֮ʱ΢΢һ㶡
λǱŵˣ֪λǰΪ£
ƾɱѾﵽΪǿߣܱţ
ַûǲǱŵˣҪӡȡһЩ
Ϊ׵˶ַϷлˣλӦúкܴϵɣ
ַҸоĵǶˣȻˣô
ĵ˵ˣҪ֪λȡʲô
ȡһħħڷӡ棡
ٸ鶼һûв´ĻӦһħ


ûַҾһħ˴ǰȡѽĵڰ˽ڣ
ַ˵ţħնڿһ裬漴лصַС
£ٶ鶼֪ˣǰ˵ȷһħ
ħϢѾǧˣַ֮ϢͬһԴһģһԲ
鶼ˣǧǰħħӡþħӡħͨΪ˷ֹϵƻٸ߽ػӡʮԼطӡ죬ֻûе۾ˣͳȥԣıգӶһƬء


˱Ҳ磬Ϊ˱ӡѾľ硣ӡȫǾħڰ˽ڵǰѾѷȱڣȻͨǱߣħӡÿǺӡЩϲľҪȫӡѹǱߵħЩϲҲŲ˶ˡ
ַˣԭ
ַзǳЩΪ˿ռİػǧ꣡ʮԼ԰ĺƽ
Ǻεȵΰ
ħ·ӡ飬ʱ룬ʱħǵĴ½һƽ٣·ʱ½ûܵסħ
ǲøħ½ľħþħȫӡ֮ߣܻĺƽ
ַˡ
Ҳˡ
ַҲ֪ôˣԼ߾ħĻħô죿û˸ұ֤ħ֮س岻ȥ


Ȼַ½ĻԼûйϵǰЩΪ˴½ƽĬĬǧˣַԻѵڰ˽ھħȡ
ڣַ粻ô
ػǧ꣬еŬַһ¸ƻַ£


ַλǰڰ˽ھħҲȡˣǣ
ȵȣΧסַĽŲ
ô°еǰѣһܽӡȫãħԶ½¿Ϊ˴½ĺƽ²һݴ
ַЦ½ƽҺθɣ²Һθɣ


477 ڰ˽ڽ
΢ŭһħԼά½ĺƽΪһħȻ˵ΥĻ
ַ籾벻뽫ǧǰħսʵЩˣЩҪַ¾ħַԲύȥġ
ʲôһЦǲҪɵˣǧǰħսֻһƭ֣Ůħƭ壬ƭ̹壬ƭˣǻɵɵػǧꣿػֻһЦ
ԴŭֱǶ˵裡Ƕ塢̹塢Ůħ裡

ŭ޷ַĻһַ˹ȥ
ַһȻͻһơ
˶ûֻܡ
Ȼ˶ַ˵ĻֵĻҲԵ̫ˡ
ַɣɢסΡ
΢ŭ£Ҫ˵˵ħһʵŮĻӰǵģѵǼٵôںԣϷĲˣ
˵ĺĴûһսʤַ磡
Ȼ˶һûӵɲǣѾӦַΪߣ
ʱַ˵һжģʲôЦһҿ֤ħֻôΪܣ塢̹壬ңħˡħҳҪħˣŮĻӰŮͳ˴ܣξ֮⣬Ӱô棿ǻӰֻǾŮûΪǵΪֱ治ѣ
˴ŭŭȵ˵ħԼӡħͨŮҲػסħӡһʵ˶üʵһжǰôм٣
ǣպ;Ůˣ̹֪Ǽٵģ
Щħ;Ůĺڣ
߾ħôͲܣǴǵʬϲȹȥ
ǵŮǴ֮㾹Ȼ˵ļٵģһ

ַ鳹׵ļŭǹ˼ַһħݣͳȥսˣ
Ц֪ǿЦҪҸǽǻûǸʸҲмɱЩϣǿ˭Ů
˵ţ΢ı仯ûŮģ
Ů洱߲֮һƥ˸߲֮֮ϳһβ֮ˡ
ŮĿأòʧɫȻ
ôȥоûŮࡢŮһģһ
ӴϢٶѪѹڳÿ̲סÿ˶оǰŮģ
ַڵŮ派ѪܸܵǰŮϵ
ϺѪѹ鶼Ĥݵĳ嶯
ЦôǷֱĳôǵΪͷֱ治ȫƭˣħһһֻôħħͷǻΪһħͷЩͨôôԶ׼ĵ޴֮
鿪˵Ѫѹ֮£϶˹ȥ
ĻЩ˺ܶࡣ
𺳵ǣԭŮҲð䣬ѱ棡
䣬ָ˱ò˾顣
ַԴǡ㣬ôħƭģ
ַ仰ݺݵϳһơ
˼ԣѵˣ˵֪ҲǱƭô
ַ֮ˡ
ɫͻȻһ죬ɫȻһڣ⻹ĵͷһΡ
죡
ַ类һ߷ɡ
㣬ôôݡ
ַ类˸ʺǹģַûа취Լ塣
ħ;Ůףǵʱ˵ĻҵȻˣļλ̹ŴŮ洴ŮȻ֮ȵȶб˵Ĵȱ֮ģԸ⸶Լȥˣ²ԵʱҲ˾ŮħĻԣҲС˵ȦףǧħħΪͨңھħһˣ֪֮֮ǵ֮ħˮʱҹ𲢲ħ֣ħʱΪɱңûʱҵȷˣħ֪ҵһ˿ǵһҾˮҸǣǧҲָ˹
ŭĵƾ˵һ֮ʣôǣĻ˵ȥ˭ţ
ܻûŮô㣿ħ֤ݾǰǾħӡͨħ;Ůǧǰ˭ܵסħ֣ǵͱħռ죡
ռ֮ҲԼıռĹ򣬺ħŮһ²Ӧž½ǿλĻӦ˵Ƭ֮ʣ
ֱŭˡ
ǿǶһȱ֮ĵķϲŻǽô࣬ΪҵǷϻô
жǳܣǲȥһУǰ˵ĶģôǧǵŬǰ׷ô
˭ܽܵһ޷ܵʵ
˭ԭǧ꣬˭ԸΪƴƴ󱻱õ²壿
ַɢϢѹЩŬȵλǰǣȲҪŭҽʵʼĩȫ˵ǣȻף
ַ罫е඼λ飬֮󣬸ŭģɫҰףеĻѪӿǻǲţȥܣ
ַǶ֪ˣǶǱˣʵħ;ŮΪΪ˳ɾʹܣˣ
Ѿ˿ıԵѾܿ϶ַ˵ģΪַ˵һжܻۣиɻ
ַ֪ܣ֪ǧŬѪ׷ˣ֪˲壬һжʵʱҲȥʵһǽˣ֪ôħ;Ůҵĸһֱңħ½֮ʱҪɱңܣѵҲôǳܵʹҶô
ǲҪħˣҪľǸ𣡡
ΪһħӵʥŮľѪԱλħǸ˵ټϾħ֤ȫе鶼ġ
ŭһǲţԶţǾŮħ׿ڳϣ
ɵôŮħ׿ڳôƭ˵ƭôǵΪѾļô
ַ飬㲻ǲţֻǲȥܶѣȻҪһ̣ľͽˣ
ٶ鶼о
ףԷ˵ĲĻҪǷϻǰ˵Կɱ߾ħ
ǽͣҪ࣡
˶ˣʲôãǵȥ𣿸
ǰҲǸ߽ˣΪǿľֹˮ̩ɽǰ治ɫ֪ǧǰħս࣬ÿ˶ƲסԼ
ǲҪɥҿԴӦǣǵΪָȥ磡Բ࣬Ǹ𣡡
ַĻһ䣬˵۾һܿһƬ
Ƭشǧ꣬ǧһֱػӡǵΪѾ־磬֮ڵҲûˣҪָǰûаʱģָˣôܺ;񿹺ô
ַЦ˵ָָܻܻ
ַ˵ţóȪˮ
ǡ
ȪˮǱȪˮΪԣ
ܵȪˮϢһۡ
ַȪˮд֮ҪָѾ׾٣ֻҪԺңұ֤Ƕʱڻָ
ǲᱳԼ壬ַ粻һЩַӵһŮ派ѪһʥŮˣ壬ʥŮȨһģ͸ʥŮһģ
˿Իָ׷״ӦַҪ
˿̣Ѿ·ߣѾħ;Ůƭǧ꣬ȥΪҲߣҪǣˣһ߳ȥԻܵĹ
ԣַԻָĿǰΨһѡ
ַ֮շЩ飬飬ԺȪˮĸ죬Ժкܴռ䣡
Ǹû⣬㽫ħȡȥħһʱ򡭡
ѾزЩ黹ڹԼ԰ĺƽò˵Щǧڹﶼػ࣬ػƽѪҺ
˻Ļҽɡ
˿̣ýˡ


ȻûȫָǼҪþħڰ˽ڣһ˷ܺͼ
û˾ħ֮ڣ󻯳һݺݵӡ֮ȥ
ǿޱȵķӡһ±ħҿӡȫ˾ħڡ
һɸ㶨


֮󣬾ħʧ̵ȥڰ˽ˡ
ӡձƿռһǧ׵ѷ졣
һѹѷ֮ϯ˴󾪣׷׷ˡ
ѷ֮ѹѹĹﱻѣ˻ţҪѷ
Уħ
ѷ棬˫֮ϻ޾ѷԴĨɱȥ
ַܵÿֲѣѹȸкҪÿѹһ㣡
˶Źֿǿѹǣˣ˻޷ֿⲻɵֵѹÿ˶Ĳ֮Ѫ˵ϡ
⵽ʲô
䣡
ǧ֮ѷĺ֮½ı֮ͨ±
һж˵ƺǳ򵥡

ʱһߴʮ׵Ľɫħѷ죬ϱϢѾԽ
ɫĿ飬ȣ´ˣû뵽ǻ棡
ƶҲɱ㣬߰ɣ
ƶȣ˿˹ħͽ㲻ɱңȴҪɱ㣡
䣬ƾƶˣɱôҪǣǵ񣡡
黰䣬ü֮ɷַ֮翴ţЩɷ֮ӵеɷ֮ǧ򱶣ѹַѣȫҪѹһ㡣
ˣ
֮´ٷˣַҲڿٷˡ
Ϊ˳֣Ի꼰㡣
ƶЦ֪Ҵ򲻹㣬ǿƶ˴
Ĺѵǿƶûг֣תӣѷȥ
Ϊӳô
ǵصƶϯȥ
ͨĹǿǧħڹ֮»ΪƬ

ƶЦҿεס澧ڹ
һǿƥĹƶѷ죬ƶȻĶ֣ҪͨڵĹɱ顣


478 Сѩ
ͨĹһ񲻻ΪԽߵˣͨͻĹϵ˸ͨ
ǧ֮ǰΪ棬ԼӡǻǱͨ硣
˿̵Ϊͨһ¾ͻᱻɱ
ƶԼͨĹͬھ
һɿͺƽ˹
鿴֮ɫ䲻ѡ
漴һȫǵصӭȥ
ƶ˲䱬飬ӰߵķһԶȥ
ַȻ𾳽ǿߣôᱻɣ
Ĺôǿ
ͨݣѷպϣһжָƽ׵ĵϣ֪
ַ缱æ˹ȥ
Ȼܽɻ״̬
ι㣬û°ɣ
Բѣ濴ûκ˺ۡ
ַơ
֮£ַһڵĹ죬ʲô
ħǵֻǻûɣôһأ
ַ粻֪ʲôʣǸо֮еÿֵĹ춼ǻȻһ壬
Ҳ˵Ƥȵκһֶ˾ȵȻѾ˥ʣһ㣬ɢǳƽ⣡
ѵ𾳽ʣ֮ڿװκβֶô
ַûп⣬װǬȪ
ȪﻹûַȪһ֮£Ż˹
֮󣬸ڵ״󾪣ָоΧޱǿڳԼڣЩİ
ַ磬ˣҪܳһʱָҾʹˣ㲻ɣ
⣬ôأþʹã
ַȥ֮󣬽Ҳ˽
鿴Ȫ۷Ź⣬ΪַֻһЩȪˮѣû뵽ַȪ
ЩҪĻȥĵططһ˵ģַ磬㲻ɣ
ַԵ
İԵ鲻ҿ
ַֻһطһȪˮƶĵĳָ
֮ĹѾָһ룬ǳȥ֮صķӡ⿪֮ص˶ˣкͻţ˳ȥ
ַ֮صħɭַ֣翪ʼչȵսĿʼ
飬ַûȤַֻԼʵǵʵ
ħɭָĵرӦоУַȪˮʣиĵرָָտɴ
תۼţʱַŮ派ѪӦСѩϢ
СѩˡôַСѩϵСѩСèһֻܺãڣ˴¡
ʱȫָ磡ÿ˵ڶǧڵ񣡶Щ˶ǰģԴǵΪ£йرգ޷
ڣǵľµ磬ÿ˶׷һת
ַ緢֣ľ綼תͰתÿ˵Ǽǧϣ
ַȥǵһ½һȫԳ磡мǧڵ˿ڣ
֮ϰٸңڽ̣ȵȣȫһ磡
Щַ磬ʱǵҲǧ׷ԲСǣǿʼԼ»ߴһЩס棬Щ深ܣʼʱܺǼÿ춼˿ڣͻ󣬾ǧķܣĲϵ󣬾Գһ磡
ÿǸ飡絽ÿµĳһǶݣͻ޾֮պá
ͳǳ򵥣ֻҪһӣԼ򣬻߸񼣳Щ˶ĴڣԶᱳԼ
˶֪򣡵ȻˣΪƶĹѹƣΪܵľ硣
Ҳ̫עԼķչԣ½Եȵȣȥġ
ΪһȻ̬ƽ⣬ʤ̭ǲȥ룡ȻǸһǸһҪĻǻòԥĳ֣߹Ҹ
һ֮ЩѾԽǿߣʺõģͻᱻ磬ҲķΧ
δˣΪǳԭǸ棬µһ棬һжµĿʼ
ַ룬ǲһǿߵأֻҪΪܾȥһµأ
ַ类Լ뷨һȥ
ַЩ಻ѣ𾪲ѣЩ֮ǿַ޷ǿ⣡ЩҪɱַ磬оͿɱַ磡
֮ǰƮѩҲת飬ǺЩתֱһһ£һģ
˼ҵѾӽ֮޾һܽƮѩҵĻɢ
Ȼ˵ЩַǿǵָȫַæַʥŮˣǴӦ׷ַ磬һ
ڣַǧڤ߱񹬵£׷׵תҵľ磬֮󣬾ҪʼԼ򣬶ַʵҲһ֪⣬ΪַĵֳɵģԼġ
ַޱ޼ʣˡһͲҪԼ
ǣַǧ½ЩϹ
ЩϹ﹦ָ֮û£ַǧ츳ǿ½ٶٸǧ츳֮ߵˣüЦ䱦
ǧܵõٶָҲ˷ܲѡ
ٶָ߽ǳҲΪ
ǣǧӰٶΪʦ
ΪͽȫΥĹ򣬵ЩϹȫᣬЩϹǰĵλǳߣֻǶѹЩĺ󱲶ԣ
Ϊյӵ²Ϊǧ˶츳˭ռӣ
üǧ꽻õϹ˵жԹϵȻԾĶֹϵ
ַ缰ʱ棬ЩϹﶼַˣ
һȣЩϹﶼͣԱһ㡣
ַп֣ʵ
ֹЩϹǬͻˣ
󣬻ƽⳡ粨
鰴ǧԸٸϹ˵ӣе˶࣬е٣û˸κԹԣ
֮齫ħһЩһЩʺˣȻ鲢ûյӡ
Ϊ˵յӵ̣Щ˶򲻵Ҫ


ַͻתò˵ħڰ˽ڵҪǰ߽ڵܺͻҪ࣬Ͷ򣬶ַҲѧ˺ܶԼû򵽵Ķ


˵ڰ˽֮Ҳﵽľ磬ľ磡
ÿַ罻ʱַ֮Ͳ齻һЩ齻ַ֣署еĹؼڡ
̶̵ʱ䣬ַͻ˺üתʱȴû˿չ
ܶණַ綼ȥҲ˲٣Ǿʹòû취û츳Ĳࡣ


õ˾ħڰ˽ַ֮Ҳˡħڰ˲㡪ħ
һǾħĹѹκĹ
Ȼַ粻ܷһвǵһǣýĻ˵Ƿǳϲ̨棬õһ㶼ǵ͵ȵҲ޼УҲǵ͵ѹûʲô
ӵ飬ھ磡
ͻƵתִַ֮ﵽһոµĸ߶ȣַ緢֣ԴԼˡ֮ĽɱȡԽžҲڿٵĽ
ǳַǳÿǳ֮ٵĿַ֪ҪǳҪȥ磬ںǿ֮
žַ֮Ŀȫµһ㣬ַҲˣÿ磬֮ĲٿضһкԵĵȼ֡
磬һһתһתǿߣ˵֮ͬһǧ֮һתȫһܷųһ֮תȫһܷų֮ǾĲ࣡
ַ֮ǳ٣ȻַЩϹ˵֮ЩϹﶼ׷׸ַһӴޱȵ֮
Ȼ֮ǿ˵ģ齫Լ֮ͱ֮֮˭պ
Ͼˣ֮ǽ׻ң
ַ罫Щ֮ȫַޱ޼ʣٶ֮棬һ㡭
ͬʱַġһҲ˵ľ磬ַ֮ÿ춼ԴԴϵַ֮֮ڡ
ַ֪Լͳһռ֮󣬳ΪռףЩƽ˴Լ֮
ڣַ֪˵꽣ΪԼźõһУΪ˽죡
Щ֮ȻǺܶ࣬Щ֮ûа취ȱȣҲԴԴϣݽߡ
ַţֻҪԼռλòƷ֮Զݽߣ
ҲǳŬЩǿİ֮ͻƵһתľ硣
ȻֻҪһﵽͻˮɣ
ЩϹﻹϣЩϹȻڱȻǿǼ֮󣬶Ҫһˣ
յСѩȵϢַ֮
ЩϹַ֪Ļ黹һַ֮ͽȻ𣬵Ƕ޷ĸ߶ȣ
˿̣Ƕ֪Լˣ
ַŮ派ѪӦСѩͨ캣ĺ
ܵСѩλãħɭ̫Զַæÿռ͹ȥ
ڴӦǲӦģȪˮ˼ˣҳ˼֮õôô鲻Ҳ̫˵ȥˡ
Ȼ֮ǰæͣæɱˡ
˼֮鿴ǰˮ򣬵ָķǡ񵺡ķ򡣡
񵺣
ʾû˵졣
ٶǰȥһ񵺣ȫ飬ûһôֻ࣬ٶｨһ
ʮӣַ͵񵺸һս
ַʶһֳСèС壬ʮ߽顣
ǵĵǾŰٶ߽飬Ϊ׵ƣ
ַҧгݡ
ַŮ派Ѫ֮еõϢСѩץˡ
ԭ񵺵ƵҲһ֮ʱƵ
Ȼ鶼ôƷҲط
ǣ֮ǰ֮һ˼ƺҪưæɱԼĵж֮еһˣҲκļ̳ˣֻҪɱˣϴͻΪ̳ˡ
˾Сѩ


479 ֻһֻ
ܻΪ˵ķǳ٣ǺĻѪͳҴﵽתϵľſԡȻǿ󣬵뿪ˮսͻҲ½֮ϴܳʱ䣬ʱԽսͻԽͣ
ȫǺڲĻ˼ܳɱСѩ˼СѩǾϵɱСѩĻ˶ΪԼѲ˸ϵ
˼ƣ˼ķֲǺ֪ǵһףΪǵһˡ
֮ղԶ֮ǰͻᴫλСѩ˼ȲҪơ
񵺵λøպ˼ĵ̲̫Զ˼ͨҵƣǺ̸˼ƻ
ɱСѩ˼κ֮󽫺콣ơ
ȻƲǱ£˼ںﲻҲûа취
ǣ˼׵ĸ챦ƣҽ֮͵˳ơ
ȻЩ֪
֮Ǻʥʧ֮󣬺ŭٿ飬еìͷָСѩЩˣ
ȻСѩʥŮˮ½屾Ͳһϵͳģ֮ԿСѩСѩһĺΪСѩǱŮ洺ݣСѩһ
屾Ͳ½壬뺣СѩĴ֮ǿȫΪ롣
һıԶǵˣСѩ˿ʼʱ򣬺ɱСѩȡǵλãú
ǺףֻԼѡ
ֻл˲ܻûͣں磬޵еģǿˣ۴˺ףЩǧĺԽɱΪĹǿߵѹƷǳΪԽߣѹԽ
ǺԶİ
ǹƽģ޷뿪ˮȥ½أֻк˻ûͲſԶݵ½
ǿߺٻ磬Ϊ½صģ
Σһǰߺ˺֮ĵͿԸı亣״úúȥ½
Ժ񼴽ڼŽһ֮λСѩΪСѩģںŮǵߣŮ洵ĺʵġ
ԣΪ˺Ժ󣬲شľ
˼ںľŭѣΪԼĶһȥԣ뽫Сѩء
Сѩһں壬½ͺ֮£ҪһҪ֮ĵ
ʱ򣬺֮ȴˣȻףⲻСѩΪΪСѩһǳ£һͿպ֮ĵαҪʯͷԼĽأ
Ǻ˵ìͷָСѩˣһӶ
û취Сʵûлָȫǿʵ˵ĵطСѩǰٿѱ硣
ЩһֱչأеȨ˼˼ĺխ²ֶΣԲһļ̳ˣ
˼ƣ㺣˵Сѩ޹ģôѹס˵ʺͻɣ
˼ǺΨһŮҲⶨõκ̳ˣûиʵѡҲֻ˼һĺ
ʱСѩ˳ˣԺıע⡣
ıע֮˼߲ѣҪȫ֮ɱСѩԣƣ
СѩΪ֤Լףе˭͵˺֮ģҲķųϢСѩ֪֮񵺡
ǣСѩϢ㱨񣬺ɳһٶຣСѩɱ񵺡
ͽƣܳˮģǺĸҲǺˣЩ˶ֻǸ߽ѡ
ͬʱΧ񵺣ֻڵıԵң޷׽ݻ١
˿̣ģСèСߵһ£ֻСèС˹¾սƵľŰԿ
ЦǵʥŮѾץˣޣҲ᲻ɱǣңұ֤ǲִԲֻ·һ
Сèŭƣ⣬Ұְһ·һ
ְ֣ƣְ˭
СèٺЦҰְ˭˵㣡ҰְֿǷٷ磬أŲȾ磬ɱħ磬ĴħֻҪҰְЩ˻ҰְģҰְְǵͷͰ
ƴЦˣ˵˰죬һְ֪˭˭أ
СèֽУҰְ־ַ磡˰ɣ
ŶȻַ磿Ǻǣ֪ǼַˣҸǣϴַ㱻ɱΪַܴùңοַô
СèѾԼӦַ߷СèСֻҪʱ䣬ַܸϵ
һǣǵѡѡ
ƲСèˣѾͨ뺡
СèƲͣãҳǹ˳òãҪӦң衭
Ŷ裿
ץСѩ裬㣬ޣҪ֪룬ǧŵһޣ
ƵҷҲԣֻҪңұ֤Ƕû£ԹԵҪǣ֮ǾԼˡ

С̲סˣŭƨΪһ񣬻ôСèǾƴҲƣ
С˵ţͻȻ֣ɰ֮Ľɫƾȥ
С岻֪Сèʱ䣬ַǰ
ִԲ򣡡
ľŰٶ鶼µĸ߽飬Լ򣬲һԿġ
СèСȻǿ󣬵ûģǵȫǴж˵սȻҲǸ߽սǸ޷Щϲĺתơ
˫һΣߵÿ˶û֣Сը˹ȥ
СèС屻һδεҷɣڻΪ룬սš
ȻСèС򲻹Щˣ˵ķ̫ǿˣҪɱһʱҲ
ʮССèڱڵϣ
ƯڿУССèǵܲ߲崫еǿϧǣǵΪûдﵽ磬ĴвῪʼϧԶܵΪһˡ
ƿС壬һ񣬹Ҳɱ㣬Ƿ۴Ҫˡ
˵ţסСĹСװԼ
룬ܺһǴ֮
Ʊ͵Сèȥ
Сè³߲ƶԿСèҪ֮ʱƷСè۾һϢ⡣
һ㶣Ҫˣô˷ܡ
䣡
ͻȻоһѹʮҵķ飬ߵľŰ׷ױ䣬Ҳܲסͷѹڵء
ַ;Ű̧ͷȥ֮ǧ飡
ÿ˶һѪ£
ǰˣƾȻǵľ磡
ַˣСȩ̀ͷȥôˣÿ˶ǹ𾪲ѡ
ַһСèơ
ְ֡ǵ·ˣҺϲԺҲҪһס
ַˣȥСٻ˰ɡ
ַǰ棬ǧӡ
˶Ǿڤ߱񹬵ͳһװ
ȻҪô磬ȫǵע⣬ַ統ʱҲȻ˭֪ЩϹʲô
ַӸ£ĵƣǵˣһ
ƺ;Űַ˫ңң
ƿַߵƣоֲѣ벻ַôǿߣ
ַҲû뵽»оŰٶ飿ȻƵôǿΪ󸮵˶Ƶأ
ַ粢֪ľŰҲˣֻΣưæԺ֮ĵ˼ıЩ˴Эƣ˵ˣǺֻǺϵѡ
˿̣Ű鿴ôԵֿǿߣӶˣʱʱֻŰٶ˵ֻǶԸһЩ˺СѩˣЩˣŰ鵱ȻˬӦ֪ôǿߣ˭Ӧ
Űٶɫÿжҧгݡ
ˣҷˣǻл·ôΪһôڷߣҾɱСѩ񣡡
ַЦƣǿ㻹вңɱҵˣΪ㻹·ôҵˣҺ㹫ƽһս죡ܴңҾͷߣΨһĻᣡ
ƵȻˣˣɱʲô
Цַ磬ڷߣҵ˰ȫĵطһˣ
˫ã
ַҲֱӶ֣СѩСһƵ֮ڣɱƣСèСҲ
ַİΧȦҲȥ
ַЦ㲻ǰɣôҲ㣬ˣɱƵ£
ƴŭҶ֣ҾɱСѩ
ŰʱҪҪͶ̫ûˣǰǸһףǵһҪ÷磬Ҫ꣬ưǵһ㣬˭Ҫǵ
ڣʱɱǣ
ʱǾŰ֮һǰַ£ʵǾŰٶϽ׵£һֱ֮ڣ̤磬Ȼǵһףǲûиơ£ֵֻܺǺϵƵ£ǲλΪУܸܲӣǣǵĶȫԭӴԺǾˮˮǱ֤֮ԲλΪС
ǵ˱Ƕ࣬ǿǾ˵Ļôõ£Щ˴Сѩǣַܲô
ַһرˣ
ǬСèְַ֣˺֮ģһҪ
ãȻºλûжϵֻҪҽõĶҾͷŹǡ
Űַ磬Ҳûа취ΨһĻ·
콫֮ĺһЩıȫַ硣
֮һεտɫ壬汬һַֹҲ֪ʲôԵַ֪ⶫǺö
ƵҪĿС壬ֻҪץ񣬸۽ôԼһ´󹦣Բʺĵط
ҪȥĵطǾ磡ǧ֮ǰ۽
Σú֮ģƲܺŰٶ߽ҪȻЩ˸Ͳơ
ƴЩͽߵʱЧңǲЧҲ˵ھȻ£
ЦЧ㣿ѵЧһʦĻ쵰ôˣ˭Ч㣿ͷ͸һˣΪʲôֻһֻѣɥ֮Ȯ
ƴŭŭ̲סҪ֣֣ܶЩȻǸ߽飬׵ˣɱЩˣ֪ƾԲù
ַõ˺֮ģɱǣ


480 
ַ˶һ㶣û˶֣ɫÿַ磬ôԶţ
ַȻǵĵˣѵǵĵҲҪسôǵǣΪڻл·ôǿ϶һѶʬ壡źͳŵǶԼ˶ԣǶڵˣԵˣҪ뾡һа취ȥǣ
ǡַ磬ݣѾӦǣ˵㻰ѵòô
˵㲻߳ôֱˡ
ַɫҲѿϲô첲հ
ʱǱߵַ磬ҽ˶Ӧߣ˵ܳ
죡ַȣû˵ķݣ
ŭѣֻܹԹԵı͡
ַЦǰǵĵħǻǽô˵ǲɱˣֻס棬ƽĺһǻô
ҭסˡ
ַ֪ǵݲм£ԣûǣҲǷֺܶģеĵˣֵȥأֵȥ壬ôЩˣǵȻҪŵԣЩ˵ҲԹ޻ڣǣǰЩˣǺһģ˺ͺϵǶԸǵˣǵĴ󲿶ˣǾ꣬ǾЩֵȥôڲɱԾ󻼣ѵҪǷŻɽԺԸô
ЩϹǰǾķ˵һڱַһ˵Զԣ
һǣΪȥԸЩΪô͵ˡ
ַȣǺðǵĵȥԸɣʱأǸͺã
ֵַҪǣǶԸʥŮ룡ǽͷˣ£ôǽˣδ棿ǻȥô
ɱɣȻҪңҪҵǲӣǿʱ뿪
ַһͷ˵ЩĬˡ
ַ˵Ȼʵ
ǺĻǶԸЩˣôЩûˡ
ַǳƣ㲻ףЩ˰Ϲôô
ȣϣ
ٸ߽ԸŰ飬ȫһ浹ɱ˵ٸˣĸ߽һ˹ȥͿԽɱ
һͽЩݺݵӦʱ䶼ûУ
ŰַڵһʱʹáһЩ֮
Ҳˡһ˹ȥ
ţ
ȣַ磬Ҳˡһ
ôֻͲô
ַ粻ףڻԼ֮
ַͬʱе֮˹ȥ
Űٶ֮Ӵַƶᡣ
СѩСΪʣ޿ַ֣֮˻ṥԼ
˵ٶȶǳ죬Ƶٶȸϲַ磬ԣһĲûַߡ
ɢڿռ֮ڿټ٣ͻȻһǿַ֮ɱȥ󿪣ַ˹ȥ
һƷַ磬ֻҪƷַ磬Ͳú͵̸κһߣ
ַһһֱƳ֣Զٸ߽͵Ϯɹô˵ַʱľѾתֻƵһתѣ
ַ籬֮ͬʱ˵ƵĹݺݵײһ
䣡
˶Ƿ׷׺ˣûˡ
Īƴ󾪣ַ磬ʵôô죿
ǺǡַʲôˣһħϵݣʲôˣһСϺ׶ѣүҵٶܱȵô˰ɡ
ЦΪһô㻹ǹԹԷ߰ɣҵ֮ڣֻҪҲˣһ취ûУ
ôҿҪˡ
ƴЦҳ֣κһҳ֣Ҿɱһ㲻Ҫǣʣ
ƺţ˵ݶ̫ˣʥŮַǱߵ˾Բ˳¡
ַҲҶ֣Ҷ֡
ǣ˫˽֡
ƼЦڷ߰ɣߣұ֤ܰȫߣھɱһ
һδεвƵַ·ˡ
ȻƲ˵Щ־ܵĻַ϶
ַ΢ŭҲ㿪ս걬飡
ƴЦǲɱѵʥŮһɱôǸҶң붯㶯ô
죡ַҧгݣƣɱһΪǻôӳȥǵҪ㣬κεط·ߣڷˣҴӦ㣬ҿԷģھ֮κοռҶɱ㣡
ƵҲĻ㷽ŶǾŰΪһ𣿾˵ģǵˣѵҪȥԼĵôԷϹȫ¶ģҾ㣡
ԷϹô
Σַ粻ò취
´㣬æô˿ַֻ̣
˼һͷͿɱˣΪܾȵô
ַʱоң鶼ûа취˭а취
´㣬Һô취Ƿһò
ַֻλ
취ûУֻҪϾͿԡ
ַ۾һϣ
ҵĿռʱסˣ˵ģǷһ飡
ַ缱֪ˣ´㣬Ҽסˣʱȣ˰ɡ
ַߣַӰһһѾƵ
ʱ򣡡
ַʱֻܽ˲ܿƵˣս̫ʱٶ֮⣬Ǽߡ
˿ַֻ̣ʮף
ȻϢ֮£ƸͲᷢʮ״ˣ㷢֣Ѿˡ
ʱֹͣ

סȫһصӲƵ˺ûƵơ
ٷ֮һʱ䶼ûУ
ַʱʧЧַоȫһˣѾӦ˹Լ
ַʱҪһȫ䱸֮еǲܵ£ſƵʱǰٷ֮һ룡
Ȼʱ˵ѾˣͬʱҲʱʱƵ
黹ûгƾˡ
֪֮˽򣬸û˵ַһʱ
Ѿˣ𾳽磬ֻһ죬һأ
ѾҵСѩСˣǱ
ƾôģ
Ƹûп˸ͽǰŮȴԼ޷顣
鲢ûлشƵĻҲûж֣ԶƵȥûȤɱ㡣
ȣȻˣһ°ɣ
ƸоǰŮԼҲ͸Ǵ˿̣ûѡأֻս˱ȳȥԼл·ô
ڵĹǵصѹ
鲢ûᣬ̾һһеĹȫɢ
ֱӽƵ˺һ޴ȱڣȱһ֣Ѫ𵴣
֪ǰظһԼ޷Ĵڣ
ƴ˿뽫ųȥѾˡ
ȱڵĳ֣Ƶʼ
ȱڼ󣬺һ޵ĺڶһٵƵ򣬶ССѩڶ˳ȥȫ֮ڵơ
˸ոճȥƵըƵһըһƬޣ
Լ֮ڣ翴ֻǰ߿յʱճ˼ѷ죬֮һлָƽ
ַ绹Ƶ֮û뵽ȴˣˡ
´㣬лл㡭
лңסǷһͺá
Ǭ̹Ȫ
СѩС˼ƿȪˮƻָ
֮󣬴һ˺˼ˡ
ĺΧȫǾ޴ޱȵĺַоЩԼ޷⣡
ַ֮˺񹬵סǺĻ塣
񹬵߰ϣͷ׵ĺʯɣʵǧ׷ԲĺˮɫޱȣԶԶĿһֺ¥ʵĸо
ַ˸Χʮֻ֮ߵľ޴˹
ô£
ַ˶Ǵ󾪣ôṥǣҶǸߵȵĺ
ַ緢֣Ů派ѪϢ޷ѹƣϢҲ޷ѹƣЩ񷢿һַɱ
ַŭǬ˳
ԥĳ֣ٶֱʮͷ˹ȥ
䣡
һը֮ըʮɱ
Ƿ֣ЩսҲϣˮսǳǿֲǣǾȥ
ں磬ǿߵܵѹƣ෴ַ࣬Ҳ⺣׵ǵѹƷǳСԣⳡսٴ֮࣬ʮȫɱˮȾһƬѪ졣
ٸʮˣһٶˣ
ɼĺжǿ಻̤ĵط
Сѩŭ񲻿ܶԸǣһ˼Ƶĺ˼̫ˣң
ַ˱˼ҵıԸŲء
Сѩַһۣ˭ϡʲôһΪ˰壿
ܿ죬˽˺񹬵֮⣬ʱܳһ˶ຣ˽ַ˰Χ
СѩĿĶΪ׵ˣŭʲô˼
Ϊ׵ŭʲô˼͵ߺ֮ģְж˺ǻһϣ
СѩѾ˶ֵ
ԣɱڣ
һٶ˶תҵľ磬ַһȥ
Сѩеַ磬
Ҫô
ַûͬСѩȰ裬ֱӽЩɱһɶ
Щ󣬶ԭΣǵҲûַ֮֮ոǵꡣ
֮ڵսȫ˳
Ϊ׵˼ǧˣÿ˶һֽ񶾵ĿⶢСѩ
˼ЩƣСѩôںΧû
Сѩŭ˼ʲô˼Ҫ񣡡
˼ҲŭСѩ͵˺֮ģְ¶˺񣡽죬Ǳ뿪
Ҷ˺СѩһƺͷŭֲЩ˶ɱ˵Ŀ⿴Լʲô
ԭ˼ɺһֱ۲񵺵Ϣ֪СѩԮѵ֪ܰ¶򲻵֮£˼ֶԼĸףȻĸóСѩģߣ
ܶ˶Сѩߺ󣬷˺ˣ֮󣬺Сѩϡ
˼ȻĺɱԼ»ǵ֪Ѿֻһһݣɱ˺


481 ĩ
ˣСѩ˵ǳܡ
⼸Сѩ˷ǳչˣһ㣬ںȴˣΪԼˣ
Сѩܿ϶˼ģݶŮԼĸ׶ܺСѩ뵽ҧгݡ
Сѩ˲壬ѵô
Сѩŭ˵һǰҾ뿪ȥҺ֮ģôܺأ֮Ѿ˻
˼ϷŭѣǺܶ˶㺦˺㻹Ʊ磡ЩŮһ㣬ǼɥĲ񣬾Ȼ񣡡
ַ̲סȥΣѾһ֮λСѩСѩбҪ͵֮ôбҪȥɱôСѩϺ֮λʲôģ߼޻ʵߵףҪҪôģҪװһΪӣ˵㺦ô˵СѩɥĲò
ʲôˣ
ңʲôˣСѩ֮Ľɣߣ£ǲҲգƨλãǸλ˼ô
ַСѩҲΪ񱨳𣬵ɱ˼Ļͻңұֻǧˣ˼ˣʣµЩ˿϶ả֮λ֣ʱһܶ࣬Ϻܶ꣬ҳԱҲпܣ
Сѩ˴εĿΪ˰ǻ壬ȴСѩĺ⣬ʱ뿪õѡ
˼ŭߣҸף
˼˵ţһ£ٶ³˹˶ûж֡
ַĿӵ˵ɨЩˣַûз
ҵ˳˼֮⣬ʣµĻǸ߽飬ǳѣΪԽߣԽֻǱĻܴﵽϵĸ߶ȣҪΪ˵ĻǼҪΪˣҪΪ֮ͻṦʧ֮ҪҲ޷ɱ壡
һȫµɱ䣡
ΪʲôҪΪˣΪֻǱĻֻмʱ䣬ԣΪ׷ŻΪˣ
˻ˣĺ̶ǳͣ޷Σ
ܶຣȻ˶ǿ̵£ȫú֮Ŀơ
ҵ˿֮ô٣ΪǻΪ֮󣬷ֳͻἫ½
ѪͺӰ죡
СѪǰΪ˽Щ顣
ַųǬǧˣٶͬʱ֡
ٸϹûɱһˣǽȫơ
˼ַ֮֡
ַǧˣɫһƬɷס
˼ܸܵٶ϶Ϣ
СѩĵΣǺ壬Ǻڴ½֮ǺǴ½֮ϵͨ飬ú׳ʹȥλãûһȤ񽫺λôңֻǷǲǣңʱǿٵӦ½ϵ˶ѣȵӦ˴½һ뿪½ʥŮǺôҶûһȤֻǴҶˣǰҵģǺʹȨλģȻʼնҵˣ뿪ǣ£ҲˣǺ½Ӵ֮Ҳûκιϵ
Сѩ֮Ľǡ
ߣ
ַˣַҲ뽫Щɱʼնˡ
СѩҲĶ˶֣
ַҲף˼˰£κλñģڱСѩߣ˭޷
ԼĶƾʲôˣ
˼뺣˱½˿ƣ
˼ڲףСѩʲôλãֻΪѣڣѾɣһжѾˡ
˼ַԶȥıӰͻȻһݣһָӿµ뷨ĵ
ɱһһ񣡵ʱ򽫴½ͺͳһ
ַ뿪һ֮ͻȻ׵޴ĺַ˰ΧַʶһԶԴԴϵľ޴˹
˼õ˺֮ģ˺֮ĵеĺΧɱַˣ
ַ˴󾪣֮ĺַ罫Ǭǿ߷ųҲһ
Сѩҧŭ˼ǱɣȻɱǣ
Сĳ־ģСѩΣɣ
С˵꣬צü֮һǿҵĹâ
֮һĹâϢ˷ɢȥ
СҩӡǵҲ񴫳е
СڵΪ޷ΪѹסСǿ
ܵϢֹͣǴĺ֮гһ֮ɫ˹
С޿֮˽ɫѪҺϵĽɫƬ
漴СĵΪˡ
С壡
С˵꣬˾޴۾˹ȥ
ȷһЩãսµĺȫɢȥսϵֻĴԶצĳ˹
´㡭
ַֻȣַţֻҪ棬ԿԽЩˡ
ĵ¶ңǻʲô˼ɴʲô¶˺òãʲôȫ˵һȫȻô
ԣ鲻æ
˵ĺܶ࣬¶ҪæԼʲô
ܶ¶ǿģַһ
ַ룬ǰû飬Ҳǻĺúõ
ǰΣ֮ʱַͺͽ취ȥΣգ顣
ַƣԺ뷨ˣ¶ҪԼ
Сǿʹشַ罫СװǬȪ
˼ٵĺˡ
˺ܾã˷ĺ·ˣ
СѩʱͻȻɣŮѹЩ
Сѩŭһ漴߷Ůʯ߷ȫĬĬĳּɬ
ܿ죬һصϢСѩϱСѩٻΣ
СѩγŮ
ΪŮСѩȫɢһϵϣַ綼һֶĤ֮о
˿̵СѩԱ֮ǰûŮϢҪǿǧٱϣ
Ů
ŮϢ˷ĺȥЩɱڵĺܵŮ洵ϢһĿֻź;֡
еĺŮϢѹƣѪѹƺѹЩǳ־塣
̲ߣһʱ䶼֪ǰǵ
֮к˳羴ֿ˷ܵĸо
֮ĶЩĿŮȫɢСѩά˼֮ڳܲסǿбɣѪ˹ȥ
ַ󾪡
Сѩ
һСѩ壬ûд󰭣ֻڵɢҲܵһӰ죬С֮޼
ַ缱æСѩȪ
֮󣬺ǿǵġʧ׷ȥ
ȥİ
ַ˴ŭȻ֪˼Ϊ
ַǧ񹬵ȥ
û߶ãڰ·ַҵ˼ٶ顣
˼ַʬģû뵽ַ˻Ż
˼Ƿһ·㾹Ȼ֪жҪǸϾɱ
ַߺ޲ѡ
˼ľ֣Զߣó֮ģٻź
ں׷Ϻ̫ˣַ˺ܿ챻˾룬޷ַʶ֮ߡ
ܿ죬ٸԶ˹ЩûйַˣֻǴַ˵ι
˼֮ʧȥãֻܼߡ
˼ߵ˺˵ôӰɣȥǺ񹬵ɱˣ
ַ˵꣬ʹ񹬵ȥ
˿ٶҲǷŭѣ˼һ·˼뽫ɱ
ͬ壬Ϊʲô˼Ҫô
ַŴ嵽˺񹬵֮ǰ͸ܵԶɱ׷״ӹ
ֻǧˣַ֪Щɱǵһĺͻ壡
ַѾܲôࡣ
ţ˼һδεأ죬Ǻĩգ
ǧ˶һľ֣ĵǲɿģٻĺҲЩˣѾû˿ʤ㣡
£ǷŹǺɣǺ崫ֻʣôˣɱЩˣҪǺ壬¸̧֣ǡ
һж˼ҪԸַǣǣ˿ַûѡ
ַҪ֣Զһȣס֣
˼¡
ַЦôڿϳˣ
˼ޱ飬֮дһЩ󣬡ԸǵȫһģǷŹǵˣ
ַЦѾˣ˼͵֮Ĵͨ½ƶԸǣɱûмƽ㣬ΪǺңɱ㣬Ǻڶԣǿ㣡֮Ĺ黹ǣҪߣֶԸǣ֮ú֮ټԸǣһٶأΪ˺֮λ㺦㸸ףݺʥŮ˵ò
˼ں޵ĵͷʹ֮ɫҸҲѬģҲɱҸףҲûǺǰ̣һжһ˵Ĵ޹أҿŹҵ˰ɣǣǷŹҵˣҪôԣ
˼׿ڳɱԼĸףÿ˶ޱȷߺ޵Ŀ˼ô۷ʲô£һˣôȥ߱
˼˵ɱģ
˼֮Ҳ͵ģ
˼Ĭͷᣬʱ֪Լˡ
һ޷ء
˼û뵽ɱԼĸף
˼忴㳤㾹Ȼ޷ԭµ£

ÿ˶Ǵ˼˿˼޵ݣ޲Ҹطȥ
˼֪ԼˣҲˣ
˼ȻնֻΪ˺ĵλԼĶ˶ߣΪԼ˽£˼ǳеġ
ַЦţ˼ΪôΪҾͻͬôȫҪҾҪǺ壡ҪңҪ֣͹ǵĹ˼һٶ뺦ǣ
æַ磬侲һЩЩ˼һ˵Ĵ˲ûйϵǽ˼һͿԣˣǲöĺãǶû
һ˼ѾһҲ͹ˣַ磬ǻǷŹǰɣɱкͻʧأ
ַתͷԻ˵СѩǱݺʱЩΪʲôû˿֮ı͵ΪʲôǶ˵СѩģСѩʲôݣʥŮŮ洵ĺˣСʲôݣϹצɨĴڣڵСèʲôݣ룬ޣ½һޣأǶǷôЩݣںôǸͲں˺֮⣬к˶ǵˣˣǺĺæǣΪҪǵĵ̣ҪǵϴԣҪֶεҪ


482 ս
ǿЩûˣǵ涼֪е鶼˼ݺôѵǶǰ׳أ֮Բֹ˼ǣΪҲĬģûԸ⽫Լλýһˣÿ˶
ϴΣѾˡǣǺСѩССè˲ϴα뽫壡ǿǵСѩС壬ǵҲ壬ҷŹǣټҪȫɱССѩǻվôǻҪȥԭôֵȥԭôѵǴȴ󱯵ôһδεĺǣǻȥԭ£Ӳʲôħ½һħ˭ӵˣ˭
ַĿ֮к䣬ɱڣ
˶ûôÿ˶˺ҵĻ飬ѵ˶ིĵֻҪ˵
ɱ
ַһ˼֮ȥ˼ûж㣬ΪѾˣͱˡ
ɱ˼ַȻûж
ַ¾ڤ߱񹬵ǧ鶼ȥ
սһΪ֪롣
һǵĵӣһǺˣô֣
ַ粢ûгֻ֣ʶսֻҪַ³Σ֮ʱַǰԮ
Щַģַ粻κһ¡
ȻֻǧˣǴ඼Ǹ߽飬ַߵǧӶǳ飬ǧ˵Ķ֣
ַ罥Ҳæ
ھڤ߱񹬵һӱɱ֮˵ʦַߵһŭˣֱӳȥǸһ顣
һ˳֣ʣµһŭȥ
Щ˶ǵĵӰԼĵӱһδδɣǺεʹ
ɱˣǺ飡
ǣɱ֮£ûмӵʱ䣬ɱһɶ
ѪȾˮ򣬺
ַ˼Ŀռָҵ˺֮ģ֮󽻸С塣
һսַЩʮ߸ˣûа취ⶼЩϹﲻʱ֣
ȥʮ߸ˣַ罫Ǭ
СٻַǳҲûзԣСٻַ֪Ǹ֮ˣ϶ҪԼ˵ʬһȫĵط
ɽһıأַҲȫǬ
ַ֮תȻѡңҪҵ֪ҵΪҸߣûжЩֶҲߣǴҶÿ˵䶼ҵļǧ򱶣Ҿǧǧ򣡵ǣҸ㲻ףһЩ򵥵ĵΪʲô
΢ŭַ磬ڽѵô
ַЦҲңôҽѵλ֪ǵߣھ磬һ·ɳ˾߸ϵôҽѵǣҪǵǣĻԭǾŮħıɣԼ޴дȱ֮ûдҪػ࣬ػ԰ҲûдǴȱ֮ķģҺͼܶ࣬ҿһͬ㣬ΪԼ߸ϣ¶ǵĿƺ֮УҪһЩԴĿˣһָ߸ϵ̬࣬԰̬κˣǶǺΰ󣬺˲ڸǣʲôǡ
ַĻַ磬ҪΪһħ޼ɵ
ַŭ㣡
СèʱԻŭ˵ҰְַЩϹŶǷ
Ҳ˹֪˶ԭġػߡС͹ᴩűౣ԰˼롣ڣѾˣҪľǿ͸𣬻ǼȻӦ׷ַ磬Ҫ£Υַŵʮ߸ַָǲǴ
ɫ࣬ˣѵҲǴô
СѩʱҲˣǲҪǷֱŪ̫ףҲҪаڰֵ̫ף̫ƽʢѾˣҲѾҪˣҪǸڱࣿǺǡħս֮Ѿǵĵˣ඼Ϊ屳ǣħһҪǣѾġػߡˣڣֻͨһˣѾû˸߸ϵȨ͵λһжҪ㿪ʼ
СҲˣٸϲģŲôŲôҪǵػôǻĿǰôȥô
ַ˵ٶĻãһἤŭСѩС塢Сèͻĸ˲ͬǵݺ͵λСͻǻʱ仹⼸ʺͽѵԹԵһ䷴ԵĻ˵
񽲵һһСӸһ˽˵ǶԵģ˻أΪѾëûȫأ㻹ѵӣһ¸صǰ˽һȥ߾ǰĻǾԣ
óʥŮ롢ַͬĻ˶óĸͷַĹϵǳܣƺַ⼸˵ߣ
ʥŮھȳˣԺ͸磬ڿʥŮƺڸַ磬ֻǶϵˣ
£ͨһУʵˡ
ʵ֪ĿǰֻѾϰǸ߸ϵĵλȫһʱ޷ʵѣ
һ߸ϵĻʵۣһӱһƶĸоַ޷ȥܺӦڻʵ۵ûˣʵۻڼӣɫ˭أ
ŲΣŲ¼ӡ
Ů˵һѹȥ¿ǣȥѵĽʵ
ڽ飬ҸλǸһ﷢ģԺԲִ˵飡
ַͷˣæǰҲָ͹ǣҵ˼ǣҪŽǵ֯ǴҶսѣǻ飡ûʲô֣֮Ҷʲô˵ʲôÿ˵ֻҪǶԵģҲ˵ȥǴģÿ˶ָֻҪͺãҲһˣҲҪҵָֻǲܽܵŽһ𽥽һɱ磡
ѣ飿սѣ
ǧ˶˼ַĻ
ȼɭϵκκ˻֯ϴ£һţûַ˵
Ȼַ϶ǳ䵱һ߽ɫΪַѴҾۼһġ
ǰֵַһ𣬺һ𣬺ħһַˣЩŽһɢ
뿪˺磬ַ罫װǬǬȪˮںħɭֲĵرԣҶϲȪˮ°빦
¶ȤǾ͵ȥ磡
ַȥҸСĪƵˡ
Ȼַ粢ȥǣȥҺ
ЩѾռĴǣĴ޺Ʈѩڣڵ׼͹񸮿ս
ڣڵܲƮѩľַȻôռƮѩַɱƮѩǿʮйأǿһһƮѩһտǣСץס˻ᣬȹ񸮷֣룬һƮѩ
磬ڻˣ
Īƿַ磬ֱӸַһַܱҲǽıסĪƣ˶κ
СΪַӷϴֵǳҹ̸
ַװʲô¶֪һֵܽյòģ
ǣһжװģַзǳܣȴҪװķǳģ
ŸС˵ףַ粻ʣװô꣬ѵô
ǰֵֿıЦݣַһֽΪֵĸ飡
ڣαףַһĺͶģ
ϯ䲻˹ַһ˵ַƻᷢģ
˹ӣûж仯ƺȨҲϲĴս
Ȼ˵˹λǸռӣ˹ķǳģҲǳȣ
ַûҵľˣľǵһ㣬ڸСֵô󣬽ǵͳһһˣľôûأ
Ҳˣַ˰£ˡ
ǰַ϶ֵһսڣַһӶֻԵ˰£ºһôַôܡ
ֵ֮ܵȻֿĸ飬ַܶʱʸСĪƣǽַַֹ粻Ҫ嶯
ַֻ̣СҴı
ʵûﵽ壬ԲܽҴıҴˣַὫԼ
ַֻص˺ħɭ֣֮Ǭʹһ
һ죬սڵˡ
ЩַΪûѧ˺ܶණַԼĿշ磬ƿرǰʮϡ
Щַ֮꣬Ҳ洢˴֮ȻЩ֮ռǴַġ
ַս
սͨǵڶռͨһϡ
ս
սµʱ䣬ʱ䣬û˵ġ
Ϊһͨһͨػ֮⣬ʲôûУûԸʺĵط
ÿսɿռ֣ǽ꣬Ʋûг֡
ûгҲãļûϲףַڵϾ˵ƵĻƵķǳܶ˶ûнƲϵ۴˷۵ˣ֮ʱĽͱɱˣ
û֪ˣΪûȥˣ
ַڱʼǰս
ַþﲶ׽˺ľϢ
ܣá
磬
ȥһ½ַѹڵأ˱һš
˳ҹ̸òġ
ַ罫Լľ򵥵ĸ˺ȻûἰСĪǵ£ַ粻֪ôȥ˵
ΪѾﵽתľ磬ľҲתѡһ˫ݵĹַ֮಻ѣ
ľﾹȻַľ绹ߣ
ԭľʦ壬Ҳ½ʥʥʦǾʮ֮һˣ
ľʦǿռ֮ˣǿռ֮Ѿ䣬ľܣʦҲǲ֮²ż˷
ľǵһ֮ʦҵ˷ǵһˣ֪֮ͨˣľʦͶӰռľ
ľʦ忴ľŵ֮ʱ󽻸˺ľһ˫ݹһƣָ˼ˡ
֮󣬺ľһֱ˫ͻͽһֱ
ͨһͨÿſ£Ҳμ֮ս
ַͺһַʵûȥĪƺ͸Сǣ
ȥ˰ں͹񸮴սҲ°æģȥڶ㿴͹ˣǼڶȥڶ㣬ϲʲô½ԣˣʴˣûǸô


483 ֮ս
ûСַЦҡҡͷ
ַı鲻ԣ硭еĻҲ֪ò˵
ֵַ֮仹ʲô˵ģµģ˵
ҺִоСĪǼ˺񶼱ˣȥǣоаħô£˵Ĺ£ܸоԾҺĪ֮䲻ǰôֿˣʲô˵ʲôˣҸоǺʲôңȻҿʲôôһָокҲһĸҲ֪ô£ҶˣܾеĵطԣҺʹһ𣬾ûָоо绹ǰǸ磬ܺǰǸˡ
ַ̾һܡʵҲʲôطԣڶǰҺ͸СĪΪһЩ»һܣԺ͸Ұɣֵһһɱ磬ǼˣǶԼҪ´μ棬ܶ鶼ˡ
ַ籾뽫еʧȥߺǾڲʱһ֪Ǻãַڲκ֪£ַǿ֮ԿĽƺ͸СʱٽеһЩߺ
ĬˣоַʲôԼֲַ˵
ðɣ磬ԺҺɡ
ʱѾˣƻûͨػϳִᡣ
˲ܹ࣬ˣȻϵڶ˺ԲǺܶ࣬Ҷ֪ϲĿռռΣգȥ˻ˡ
Ȼ߿ʹκԼʵҲ˵һɵȥɵĲûƵģʤˣЩ˶Ҫȥһռ䡣
ķǳ򵥣ǻս
ַ籾Ϊһһ̭û뵽ǻս
սܱͨһ޾գս֮⽫֡
ɢսĻ۳һʮ׷Բľ޴ˮһļˮÿһֻҪԼһ˿עˮˮͼ˵Ϣһһ㡣
ȻЩǲҪעϢġ
ַˮԼϢľﲢûУΪַ˺ַһ𡣷ʱַȥͺãڵõʲôڣַûʲôȤ
һЩҲѰԼĻ飬һЩˣҵˣΪܶ˵Ŀ궼ڣ
ڲûзǳǿǵõڵˣȥ˵ڶԺ󣬾Ϳڵڶʮķȥȥ֮ͻЩûˣʱпΣգ߱ɱ
ԣܶ˶ڱصá
սʼ֮ĹâˮĹͬʱϨĻʹսѾڵӵѾ
ûйսߣֻвкͲߣһʼ˲֮⣬ÿ˶Ҫս
λڵ䣬вԼһ˿ˮǼ֮ˮ漴˻ΪӪӪ˶Ἧ·ЩʱγһˣĴ˶Կ
в˶תϵˣַҲû뵽ǵһ֮࣡
ַҲûо֣ǵһ˿ڸߴϣ⻹Ǳعƣﵽ񾳽ϵ˷ǳ٣ϵĸ֮٣ٷ֮ʮϵĶͨˡ
½ǿÿ²ٸѣɼϵˣˣȥں׵Ҫ׷
׵ĥѾûãҪǱչսͬ
սЩ˶ֻ˲ܻų
ܶ˶֪ԼҲкܶ˶ԼʵǳģҲұ֤ȥ
Ϊ׷ߵΪΪ׷˶ҪѡһսҪȥϲĿռ䣬ս޷ģ
սսĥ
ַ粻֪һ˸ԣĻÿһ꣬дÿһʱ佫ǵһϴһ飡
ʤˣʧܵˣôǵһͻԽԽ٣
ΪʲôҪأ
ǧǰﲢģռҲûôǵһǰ߾ѣҪȥһռĻת֮ͨԼͿƿռȥⶼǿռ֮֮ǰıռĹɵģռĹһı䣬ҲӰ쵽ռĹǣһȫھͱ˰ɣͨػߣҲ϶ǿռ֮ˡܿռ֮񵱳ħٴ֣ǿռ䱣ռɡ
ַ类ڽ֮£ӪÿһӪǧˡ
ÿ϶Լ֮ڣÿĸְæʱ˭Ҳ֪Էֶˡ
Ѿʼ֮µûһ˶
ʱַӪһսȻǻսҲûʲôƣźܶ˶֪սǱڵĹ˺ܶҲˡ˶Ǹ߽ʵ˶٣ⷽҪʤͱѡһңܵŽһ˿¶ԼߣʵǿΪǵ죬Ŵսм俿£ʱ巽Լʵʱһҵʵͻᱻķһֻ֮ѰǿһȻֺɱҲѰǿģĴ򷨣սʣµһɱ
ȻǵĻһʼķͻΧɱǣǾӰɡǿģǾҪˮһվһߣΪԸľҪԸǿģԺһ֣ǲлʤ
ǳãĻ˸Ҳ˽˶Ա˴˵ʵһĿȻ
˵ķȹǿһõģЩȽ˲лᣬûԼ˶ˣ
ȹһĻ巽¶еûΪһĿ꣡
˶֪һǿģɱһˣļֻͷɱǿһЩ߲лᣡ
ԣҪǿҲҪΪмˣڴҶ֪⼸˶ˣ˭֪˭ǿ˭
Ҫˣһ˵Ǵʵһ
ЩǸЩ֪˵ģΪĻսҪŽͳһȡʤ֮ûһߣҶҵĻɣ
λ˵ûڴʵ֮£ȵľǾ飬ɺͺ
û˷λĻ
λֵҵľתʮʮתϵľ磬ÿи߽򡭡
䣬λԼе˳
ҶҪ˽ԼеΪһ巽˾ۼڵģ巽˶ڿһŵ٣ʵͻȺ֮ԲҪ˽ǱΧ
˶ԼȻλʮǿʵ˵İ߸ʣµҲĸ
ַֻ¶Ǻľַ統ȻҪ˽Ϊַ̫ˣҶǸַ߽ұ֤ԼǬЩϹһȸղǸ˵Ҫǿ
ַûȤʲô졣
ַһ졣
ڣַߵѾﵽˣ
ʱȵ˽ԼǿϢɢеϢһסҪ˽ԼϢʱһϢͻᱻ
˶ɢԼǿϢΣû˲˽ȼͳĴ֮ǰ
ķҲͬķʽǰھ뵺֮֮ʱ巽˵ʶӦ˭ǿ˭
ϵǱߵϢľǱǿ
ϣ
ˮ˼ͬʱΧɱ˹ȥ
ڵһʱľ͵Ŀٻͣмս
ûкľһʱѾΧ
սһһǺףڼʮһ˾ʣǧˣʱľҲӺɱ˹
սһʵֻǸһȿʼĿѣûĻһսĻͻʧأһĿ֪꣬ȥɱ˭
ַ类սˡ
ÿ˶Լ򣬿˾һĿը֮޾һĴһͨһ㣬ֻҪһ߰˸Ĺһоͻᱻɱ
ķ֣һĿռѷ챻˺˿Щ߽һСľͻᱻʱѷ죬
ȻսڿУڵսָţûԸȥٻսĻͨػЩ˵ﲻġ
ÿ˶ƴɱУû˽ԼʵΪս˽ؾͻԼ˾
ַҲû˽ԼȻַ粢ûнгǺͺľΧһɱ
ַһֱдǬĳڣվǬַ֮Ҫ˺֮ʱͻ֣ɢ
Ҳڳȥս֪ڲʱڳȥ˿϶Ҳص
սǳңַı֮һûС
Ǭȷһöд򿪣ּҵĳ棬û˻֣ᷢҶƴɱУ˭ʱַ
Ҫ򿪣һֿռѷ죬ǬҪЩҪַɱЩǣᱻĪһǿ䱬
ַ罻ֵЩǶķǳǶ֮ǰŷ˵˵״Ѿˡ
ַһֱڿšһȥ֮
ˣÿһǸ߽ȥ֮ԴԴϵַ֮ա
ģַ罫սнԼֻռ֮
ַνƣ
˺ܿ챻ɱһɶľ˻ʣһˣʱһľϣ
𷽵ʵľ˱ɱ֮ˮͻһĿ϶ǽ𷽣
ԣľ˻û֮ʱˮľˣֻܺˮͻ𷽿⣡
һ뻹Уһֱѣһ뻹ѣһֱ˵ˣ
ʲô£
ܶ˶Ҫ˵Ĳ֮ʱ֣һ뻹Լɱȥ
жܲζʵֻҪлȥ
ò˵ַߵӦ䣬ָӵķǳá
ڣ𷽺ľˣԿˮͻ𷽣
ŵĴսѾü˲أ˫ܼˣ˫ˡ
˫ƾУսµĻ
˶֪˫ɱ֮һĻֻɵˣ


484 ǵڶ
սڼУÿ֮һʱѷ졣
ĽڱըռĹޣʱѷԽԽһħһ㣬һ˫εħצһץ˽ȥ
һռѷ죬ǿ˹Ҳֻ·һ
ЩͨһһոСʱ֮󣬽𷽵˻а˰ٶˣľ˻ٶˣ
Щȥ֮˵֮ȫַ͵͵ա
ʣµˣǿߣ
˻ڻƴѾôǽĽս󣬶ʱ򣬲֪˭Լͱһ
㡭
ޱıΪʱ򻹲ǶԸԼ˵ʱ
˿ʼڱˣ˶׷׵Լɱȥ
һһ˳ˣ絼ȼһ㣬ÿ˶ʼΪˣ
Ҷڷű˴ˣǣ˵ľ붼ǳܶ˶ûӹԼ˵͵Ϯ
Ȼ͵Ϯַ˵ޱȱĹˡ
ⳡ͵Ϯսսֻܹʣİٶˣ
ⳡսʮսСʱֻʣİٶˣ
ս˲пᣬҲӲֻء
ʱİٶ˶׷׺˺ͱ˴֮䶼˾롣
ڣҶԼѡ
ȻİٶˣǲֻһٶЩߴˡ
һٶ֮Уʤǹھ
˵ϢѰǿˣֻɱǿˣǲлᣡ
ǿʮ˸²ԼͬľۼһǱʣµ˰Χ
ȻûΪַǿģΪҶóַΪֻתߵ˶ת
û˰ַ˷
ǿˣתˣ
ʣµ֮ҲʮתˣǶԸ˵ʣµһЩתˡ
ϣ
˵ȷǳǿʮתİΧ֮Ȼڲ֮أ
ȻҲʱѣʮҪɱˣΧ˲ͣ͵ϮҲʲô£
սڼУַһԵĳ֣һ͵ġ
ʱһתַˡ
Ϊôͣôڣ
Լַ˹ȥ
ַڵһʱ䲶׽ĵ⣬˵ľͬʱԼԺ˹ȥ
ַ˵ǧףҲǧס

ԣתûȫţɱתҵһӦÿɱˡ

ΣתȫŷԲ׵ַ֮˹
ַ翪ǬЦš
һ룬޾֮Ǹֱӽ䱬
ַ֮
ʱԶע⵽ߵսû뵽Ϊô͵ɱһת
Ǻܿ췢ڣ
Ϊôͻܻڣ϶ˣǸ߽һɱ
ַ˹ʱ֮ǰ𷽵ǸҲע⵽㣬Ҳ˹
ʮ߸ʱҲֻʣ
ڰ·ͻȻ֣ǰը˹ȥ
ȻǱں͵ϮǸ߽͵Ϯ˱ˣ£
ʣµַͳ˽ӣ˵Χɱ±һƬѪ
ͳٴμʶַǿսַǺô
ַã
쿴ַô϶к֣ѡ˺ַַ粻Ӧַֻܺ罻ֻӡ
ַôˬ죬İ
ʱԶսڼǿѾɱʮǿɱ
ַҲ˱ɱĿ꣡
ַӣٶ֣
ںԸǿʮϲߣַȴ˵ӣ
ȫգҲڣô
ֻһ£ַͬľ͸ַԶȥ
ʮʣµٶսû˹ߵˣΪûõģ
Ȼߵ˲ַˣǱҲмˡ
ֻҪǱ£˷֣ȵķӡ⿪ǾͿӳȥˡ
ʮǿٶսڽվս֮ʣˣ
֮䲢ûж֣һγһˣɱߵˣ
˶ܴӵмǸˮӦĲϢһˣǹϢͻʧ
ʱϻʮߣ
ǿˣʶ죬ѰЩߵˡ
ַʹǧ񹦣˵ϢΣǿҲҲַ
¹ʣ߹ϢҲַǸ죬ǿˣߵѾȫҳɱ
ַʱǸˡ
쿴ַӣû˵ʲô
ַ˸ոСʱǿ˴ʮһ½ַ˰Χ
һŭЩǺң
ַЦһᣬ֮˾Ϳˡ
һ㶡
˺ַܿ˼ǿַ˵ٸһɫĸ߽
Ѫ¹棬ޱǿϢ֡
ɫһˣô߽ܿģ
ľַ֪к֣Ҳû뵽ַô
ҲǰľһﾹȻ˽ôҺԼȼ֮Һú⿴СˣҪȻ
Ǿڤ߱񹬵ˣ
ַЦû뵽˻ϳǾڤ߱񹬣ûǾڤ߱񹬵ĹɱɣֻҪˡ
ַĻû˵꣬˼ͬʱˣÿ˶͵Ϯˣ
ͬĵñɣ
̫ǿ޷⣬ֻɱߵ˻
ôпᣡ淨
ӹ±ɱ
Ȼ֮ʼʱ˻սŽ֣ǲԼͬѡˣɱ
ʵҪԣ
ַЩжп࣬ۿ˻սѱ˵ˣֱ˻飬ֱ˵ˡ
ҲᵽʵĲпᣡ
ǸӵΪͱˣû뵽˵Ĳпᡣ
ѾҪˣֻʵҪģ
ھڳˣ
ºķӡˮ򸽽ҵͨػߡ
ͨػߵĿ˵ɨ˵Ҳûһַģ
ַһ㶣Ҿǡ
Ҹһ仰úѾȥ˾磬ǳȫ㲻Ҫˡ
лǰ
ַ֮ǰȥƵҹ£ûҵַ⻰ڰˡ
ػóڣÿһ
ھһȥ汨ѣֻҪڵһȥ֮ͿԼʮķǰ;
ػ߿߽֮ͨͨʧ
ʧػҡͷ̾ϢΪҪɱأΪʲôÿһ춼ÿһһĺƽд裬Ҳҵǿô
ǵڶ㣬˷ֵ
ľַȥ˷ľʦ彻ģַһȥַܾˡ
ַеݿ϶ȥʮķ
ַҲֵֿܷûа취
ڶ㵽ɽǳŨЩŨЩѾ˵ľʲôãչԼ꣡ڶɱһң
ڶҪǱʮơ
ڶ඼ϵǿߣÿһЩͻȥսȥʵսÿ궼ѡǰʮߣЩ߾ͻǰ֮УֻҪǰˣͻᱻߡ
ڶû񾳽µˣЩŮһ񾳽磡Ϊڶռѹֻ񾳽ϵ˲ųܵˡ
ַڶ㣬͸оһεѹԼЩ޷Ӧƾַ̣ЩѹҲ֮ȥ
ڵڶ㣬ЩûκЩ͵Ϊɢ
յڶˣҪȥ鹫ᡯȥӵһԼݣһѡһЩȻʵǿĻԲȥ˻϶˶ã
Ϊڵڶ㣬û޷棡
鹫ȶǾʮķĴڣΪ˸ʮѰҸ˲š
˵ǵڶǱʮƣ
ַյڶ㣬ַͺȥ鹫ᱨ
ĽӴ˿ַ֮Цԭһλ߽£ѡʮڷκһ
ŶַҲѡأ
Ӵһ㶣˵Цˣڶ㣬ʮķĻ¿νǰ;ھ絽һĳ̶Ⱦͻֱӱߣڵʵһľͻ磬õĻᣡÿ˶Ļᣬôܲȥأ
Ȼ²ѡĻôǴռڵ֮һ֣ǿΪɢĵﻮֳһ̣øӵԼڵĵ̿ǵڶײÿ춼ɱϣҪڵڶվסŸǳѣҪȥӵѣȻ²ȥĻǻֵĵﰲؼҲڶ㡣
ַҲʮȥ㣬ҪƾԼȥ͸һһ̰ɡ
Ӵ˼£ܴӵһ׵ڶʮͿһ죬ҪԼڴ㿪ʼ
ַ˽ӴߵĻЩҶ֪Ұɡ
͸ַһУַҪԼʵȥ
ǣַһɽӵԼֳɵַҲ֪Ȿһһ֮ǰȥսμ֮ʱɱˣ̱鹫ջˡ
ֳɵַ罫Ϊڤ߱񹬡
ַԼǬ͵ǶǳתһȦֽȥˣǬԣиĵرȪ˭Ը
ʵַҲǳųѣٸһףףһ£ΪַԼڿʼҲǾڤ߱񹬵ܲ
ַ籾Ҳ뽫ڤ߱񹬵ܲƬɽҲǵڶײûа취Ϊÿ˶ܻսĲʸ
ɢʮÿǧÿֻһսĲʸ
ÿ֮սÿ֮䶼һԣ֮ԣΪǿǸ˲ܻòʸ
Ȼɢʮÿμ֮սΪֻֻҪ֮սǰʮͿԻȥʸ񣡶һɹĴ߳һ죬ʮķ
Ȼûߵǰ㲻ҪҲܼڶʮ


485 ɢ
ɢÿ춼ڱսǸ֮ս
ÿ꣬ɢʮÿֻһܲμ֮սԣҪһλã
һλãһһĹƽǸ֮ɱ
ÿʵһ˽⣬һǿ֪
ÿһ³һս˾ͻˣÿǿ˽ȥμӱ
˱֮ս˾ͻڸ֮һ֮Ĺƽԣõһˣս˾ͻΪĵһ
һʱֻҪһȵһ³һս˾ͻμ֮սǣ˭һʱﱣֵһ
һʱ˭ɱһôͻ˲ʸ񣬵ɱһˣֻᱻϣ
ԣɢÿ춼ս
ǸһҪߣٳ֣ǲܵģΪһߵĻͻᱻȡֱӾû˲ʸ
ַ֪Щ֮£ƿڴ˭ƶĹǰЩͲ˵Ϸ棡
ÿһιƽһòʸֱȥͺôΪʲôҪ
ûϷλ߶λߵϷս˻ǾѰɣǵһ仰һͻײÿ촦ڸɱ֮УҲãҲǶǵĥ˳˵ģҪȡʤҪֶΣ
۵κοռ䣬ײɱģҵģҪײҪȵ컹ѣʵ֮һֻҪʮò˼ͻвμ֮սʸ񣬷ǳ򵥣Ȼѡ·ǶԵģļʮ֪ݣʱ϶޷
ǵʮķ㲻Ҫ֣Ҫһˣⱻϳ
ţҼڤ߱ɡ
ַףÿһһĿռ䣬һµĿʼ
ԺܶŶϲĿռưԣҲϲȥĿռ䣬ռȥǲܵġΪһľ磬ͶӰȥĿռ䡣
ַھڤ߱񹬣Ҳؼȥ£ȻַڰеһǸˡ
ǳףɽһɢ񣬾ܵõϢ
ĵһǡι
û죬ַΪַµ뽫ַ̲Լʵ
ûΪһʵжǿܿ죬һԸַ硣
ַ⼸һֱռιϢϢǶ·ݣ´֮սľ뻹ʮһ£ַҲȰǧ˽֮ж
ַ粻ȥǱˣڱ˲ַ硣
ַʶ֪ɽ鷳Ӱһɵ˵ǰ
ɽˣ˵ַھӣΪ׵תתˣٶ඼תϵ顣
Ϊ׵Ŀַ磬Ц£Ǹɽˣǰǻӭ¼ǷģжˣȫгɣǷԺҶԼˡ
ַ̲ģ˵ǻӭַǵ˵Ǻҷǳɱ˵ģǽѵģ
ַЦŶԭǻӭҵģܳˣȻҽǶҲ͹ˡ
Ϊ׵һ㶣СôʶࣿȻһ룬ȫɫˡ
ַٸ߽ǧ飡
ʲô˴ľ
ַΪ׵ЦԸǷ֪¸ҲҪЩˣ
ŵͷ亹æ˵ЦˣʵǰͶǾڤ߱񹬵ģǡ
ַ翴Ŀڣô˵ҷǳ飬ַҲûжŭ
ڣɱڵĳַͶֵĻַԻὫˣ
˸Ҳûбֳ⣬ֻѣַŹЩˡ
ðɣȻǴԶǰͶңЩҶˣţԺҶԼˡǽƬɽľŸϸһ¶ңϺĵΪң
ǣϾȥ죡
ַַ̲õɽŸϸ֮֮ڣŸȫ̲
ûж䣬ַгٸ֮ЩԹԵĳ̲ʮʥǧˣʮˡ
ַ˽⵽ǧÿĸѣַֻҪϯеͿԽȫ̲
ַ粻ôַһӳԲô࣡һ̲ǰĻǼǧ߽ʱһˮԻַ
ԣַҪѭ򽥽ַĿֻս֮ϵĲʸѣͳһûʲôȤ
ַͳһɽʮ֮óȪˮסЩȻЩǼַôǿҲûʲôԹԣֻҪַս֮ȡǰʮͻᱻʮԶΪַ£
һ֮£ʵ£һ̲һԻ᲻ɱĴַͬһӳٸ߽˭ҷ
ڣʮһ
Ϣĺܿ죬ڤ̲߱ʮϢÿϴĶ
Ȼû֪ڤ߱ʵֻ֪̲ʮ
ڤ̲߱ʮ֮Ҳûһľٶڹܶ˶룬ԻжΪڤ߱Ѿصвǣ
ɢÿ̲̲࣬ĸҲڹ̲̫࣬ʣµͻˣһ
ΪÿϴΪˣû˸Ը£䱻̲ƴ
ܶ˶һɢͳһȻΪ⣬ûһãΪʮôȥڣ·һ
ԣսЩΨһĳ·
˵ÿһ³һǳ֮󣬵һǵһల£ٴιƽ
ûᰲ֣ûһ꣡
Ҷɱ˵һһ
ַ֪Բٽһ̲
ĵһǿĿǰιַ磬û˶ԸַĵһǿַĻ϶˶Ըַ硣
ڣҶڹιַ֮սţιԻԸַ硣
ιֻʮȻ᱿ȥַȥ⣬Ҫľ̲Ⱥַ֮ܿʱַ硣
ҲǱ϶֪ιҪ̲ιܱߵļһιʱҲҶ
Ŀǰ״ҶڶݵĽ֡
ϣַСѩһ𿪻ᡣ
ַҪĵһڹȥɱιͿԣͻǣԣҪľǽڰ̲
Сѩǵʵһϰ̲ʮûģ϶УһԸǣڰнУҾǿ˰дɱЩ
ɱַɱ϶Уɱһû⣬ˣǻỳǣô״ɱģһͻܴĶʱǻܴ鷳֮ǲܳΪĿꡣ
СʱѵǾʱһιһἯԸǣιǵʵͻ¹ƣǶȡ˵һλãܿͻ˶Ըǣ
ʱǵʵôǿһ𣬼ط;綾ǿͻϮһһϵϢȥǧ˲һǾͼ˷ֳɶһֲǧȻǧ˶ھĸ߽ЩͨǵĶ֣Ľһ£
ַЦǰķǿеģ˵ǵĹѹţǶңֻе˾磬ǵͻƵĸ߶ȡڵȡʤҲǲʤʱһ˲أٸ߽ǵҲκˣϼҲ뿴֮ǵڶ㣬Ҳײܰǵɢǻȥô
Цַ磬ǲа취ˣ
СèʱգŴ۾ְ֣֪мƻˣ˵ɣ
һֱַߣ϶ַǳ˽⣬ַŵӣ϶ַ֪Ѿ˰취
ַЦǺǣʵǳ򵥣Ǿڤ̲߱ʮڹ֮УҲõϢ̲Ļ϶ԸǣҲ˵̲ʮĽܷΧ֮УôǾˡ
ַ罫ֳʮÿһʮˣѰԼĿ̲꣬
ʱͻȻֳһܵһ̲ʮ
˿ǧ򻯣ó˵òͿƭˣ
ڴҹ֮ʱʮ֮һһ̲ʮ
֮ڣʮµÿ̲ʮ
һӳʮÿʮʮûȥԸι
ιˣû˶ԸԼܲżô˼Լ·һ
ιˣιǵһÿ˶Ͳأ˭ˣι̲ЩҲʼιˣǶ룬˴Ͷ
ʮһԸ͹˼ûУҲûȥֻ̲ǸռԼɽͷȻûѶϢ
ʮ;ڤ߱񹬲ţˣʮ̲ǣ
ǣ׷ˣʮһÿ˺ʮ
û˺ιˣҲûȥι
Ҷι־ص£ûͷ
ոַ֮罫˹֮󣬾ڤ߱һҹ֮ˣɱٶ
𣬲̲һȥٶͽЩں֮ɱһɶ
ڶϢȥ֮˭Ҳ㲻ʲôڤ߱񹬵ֻʮôˣ
֮ܶ䶼˾ڤ߱񹬣
ǻûõʱʮ֮һһ˰˸ˣɱ
ʱһС룡
ʣµ˺ˣ˵ĴһʱȫһûϸȥоУʱֻᱻлɳˣ
ʱʮ;ڤ߱񹬵Ҳһ


486 ̸
ڣַٶʣµЩȫһһǧٶַһǧ
ȻһǧҲɱַߵˣΪǲַ
ֻʱɱһǧٶ˸ûж˭֪ǻж
ȻַɱһǧٶǷɱģǧ򻯣һ˶ֲˣоɱ׾٣
ǲ֪һжַ簵֪Ļɱȥˣ
ʣµЩˣǲҶҺַʮս
ЩǼٸʱˣûоо֯ڲҲѣҺ֮ܶ䶼Уڴպһ𶼸оǳǿ˵ַսʮа˾Ŷͬ⡣
ǲַͶ
ַ߳ʱ䲻ĻЩ˵ͻΪַûкǿʵö֮ǵڲͻܵŽһҲᰵеַӶַ翪ս
ַҲǿս
Ȼ˵Է˶ʱˣĴ֮սʱǰƴ
ַ߾Իʤɶ˾ĸ߽һǧʱַ߾Իأ
ַ粻鷢Ҫʱס棬ҪԸԺӳ顣
ַճǼƣ
ַ˸Է֮˫˾һս
£˵ˣλоҹ
һΪڤ߱ǱߵҪǿǣǿĻôҷŻ֮һս
ǼȻҪһսΪλҪ֪ͨǣ͵ϮǸô
ôϴ󶼾òܿս
ǣɳ˺ַߵ̸УȻ̸ƽ£жһ¶Էʵ
ҽԶЦ˴ǰǴ˺͹̸еġ
̸УҺʲô̸еģʱ׼׼ǺúõĴһ̣ǵ˶þûлˣΣĻ
ַ翴ŶԷʮʹǳվţҲд㣬ܱʮڤ߱񹬵Χţÿ˶ɱڣʱųֵ׼ʮŹļʮˣоð
ԶЦַ磬ôоַһתˣԶЦΪַ粢ϴ󣬶һӴԼ
ԶЦкܷŭҲЩ£ΪԷûаҲ˵ûаǵ˷
ԶЦԱһ£Ǵǵ˺ǵ̸еģҾٵ˫֮۷ʲô£ҶҪһֺƽķȥ
ַŭƽƽܽôô磬ͽ磡ǲ̸Уȥǵˣϴɾӵɡ
̸УȸһȻַߵռǿƣ϶˵
ɫһһףַҷŭʮ˴̸УʧܵĻ롣
ԶЦ侲ƽ͵ĵ£ɢ֮ս޷ΪսĲʸΪеƴһδЩСˣǿһЩİ취⣬µֻΪͳһǡûҪˣΪûκá
ַûǵȷΪսĲҲûСΪȫѹƣұ˲ȵϵһλãҿɲɱιЩÿ춼ԣҪȫ𣡡
ʲô㣿һ
һΪԼˣתҲһ
ôӣϴҲʮһ˵ϴô㲻ôʣµʮ˶ѾʽЧң
ʱַ֪㲻ףһתô˵ϴʵУôݵˣݵôɢ
ˣҲûá
ԶЦ治ɫļ£Ҳ˼˵ǿԲȡһЩƽķȥǰ飬˫˿ԲȡƽԵķȥȡõһȻ˫Լ˭Ҳܶһ
ƽƨƽַ֮䲻սҲУѲߵʸøңҾͿս¸㣬ߵǣҪ׾٣
ַͷĴַܲˣԶЦ΢ŭ£֪Ǿڤ߱񹬵ĹҪʮλˣ
ַЦôǲʮѾ˳ôãӾף
ˣʮλ
ʱһڤ߱񹬵ĵӳȥһʱ䣬ʮͷ˽
ʮϵϢԶЦ˶һʮ˶Ǹ߽ϵϢʮ˶Ҫǿ
²μڤˣ
ʮ˶׷ݹĲμַ硣
ַԶЦȵô˳߲ʮѾ˳˱ʮ۵Ļھʮ
ԶЦʮ˵ð亹ڤֻ߱תʮǰתҵĸ߽ô˳ڤ߱أ
ߣֻ˵˵ݷǳߣݸߵΪʲôɢĵأ
ԶЦæĿڵڤˣðˡڤֻҪսĲʸôԸ⽫ʸϣ˫֮ܺƽദĴ˫ܾˣôɢͻлɳˣԸ򣬻˼
ԶЦ˵⻰ѾͷˣѾˣ
ַŭʲôҪʸҪأ˼ʸʩһ
ԶЦæҲ˼
ʲô˼㻳ҵսô˵ˣֻнһݣ
ԶЦ˵ɫԽԽѿԷһֱ˿ãֻ˵Էʵˣ
ǶͷˣˣˣѲʸøˣ㻹Ҫ
ʮŭ죬һ־壬̸ˣǲұ֤Է᲻Ὣʮɱ
ʱַԱߵһתˣ˫ĿսǵɱĻԶЦ˵ģ˾ͻַǣʱ鷳ϣǼַǣǵҲ޷⣡Ϊ˹ȫַֹ˶ҽ˺ƽ£
һתˣҪӳ飬ҲúͶԷ˿սЩףҲΪսĲʸ˵øǲʸֱǣǴԺһһıõʸ񣬽ɱ仨ˮǸˣʲôһٽǣ
ַ˫ɡ
ַλ֮ãǾһһĺǶսķڷ֪ǵĴۣ
ַ˵ԶЦİһԶЦЩϲ̸УԷ֮ΪսʸĻֱӸǾͺãû뵽ǻҪѡԣ
ôԵĻ˶лᣡ
ַԶЦʮܴǱô
ԶЦæˣ˵ģ˹ͬĽȻܴǵˣ
ãͬ⣬ǵһһı֮սô
ԶЦã֮⣬ǲܲսģĹء
ַŭƨʮһˣǱٸˣѵҪʮһٸ˴ôǲŲھɱȥ
ԶЦһͷ亹ˣҲ˼ҵ˼ǣһһĳǩ̭˵˫жԱ
ԭãôˣʲôҾʹѹԵǾ찲ţź֪ͨǡУǽιɱˣ
Ǵˣ
ʮӹ
ԶЦʮ˻ˣ̸зǳ˳
ʮ˸ַΪѾ˵սĲʸøˣҪԵģûбҪȥƭˡ
ʮ֮ɽջ׵ս򣬱ܼ򵥣˭䣡
Ȼ˵֮սǴ˶ףɱԷǲеģΪĻȵֻʣһˣʱĵˣ
ÿ⻼ڲǳңҪֹ֣ԣÿжףֻҪܶ־ͺã
һһһѡ֮ͻ취һǸֻҪǵݻ٣һ¶ǽǸ˴ܣȥɱ
μӱԵоŰʮ߸һһĳǩ̭
ÿ˶һţ˳ȥǩ鵽˾Ķ֣
Ҳ˵һֱһ˾ͻᱻ̭ڶһ룬ıǳ졣
ڱĵһ죬峡ַϳˣһתǿߣַɣǲǶԷ˸Ĺ
߿֮УַȻĿ⵭ĶŶ֡
ַ֪Ǿڤ߱񹬵ĹҲǶԷ˵ϴȻַľֻתλҲҴ⡣
׻̣
ַ絭ĵڤ߱ڤ߱񣡡
ıҪкʼ˫һգʶͻὫԷ֣Ȼ͵Ž
ַһתʱתƮѩ⣬ڣַѾתôյ֮Ѿﵽһַǳֲĳ̶ȣҲһĽǳ֮Ҳ֮һ߶ȣԣתǿߣַǳĽܣ
һʼϯַ֮ݺݵԼľȶԷ磬һһٽҳ̨֮⣡
龳ϵ˽սƴ֮
򣡡


Դӽ˵ڰ˽ھħ֮󣬽Ѿתľ磬ҲԴԴϣԣַ粻õʹáħݽߡ
һ㶣ֶԷȻԼһģһϢҲһʲô
ַͬϯ֮˹ȥ
䣡
Ժ֮£˵ľǧףַ絭ĿԶףһЦ⣬һˡ
ַûж֣ȴٴι
ħȻǳǺ˵ľУܶУֲȥַҲûа취ȥʹá
һٴξַ罻ս
˴˼ӣʤǴ˸ƽ֣ʵԼ֪ԷûˣԼѾˡ
һδεĵԼԼһҲ׺ܶζ룬תô
ַһֱû֣ǵԭֲų֣ԣԭ͹ϣ·硣
ԭŭһڽ򳶿֮ѷ죬ַɶȥ
ַЦɱ
ħǧ׳Ĺⰵ޽ݺݵԭһ룬ԭѷ֮һҵıը֮ѷպϣѪߵķһƮ̨֮⡣
ַʣˣݵĴӿƮ
һĻ˶ûַ֪ôƿֵǲܵ£
ԱһĹҪǿ


487 ƴˣ
龳ϵˣǰΪսҲ֮Ľս
ʱܶˣַʹõֻһЩƷĹƿ
֪㣬Ҳһס
֮սַҲһֱڹսַΪҲûж೤ʱ䣬֮ĽսҲǳ㣬ԣսѧܶණҲֲԼĲ㡣
սǳ죬ʮһսͽһܱʮ
¹󣬵һֵ̭Ѿһ˱ַ̭ʮһˣûһ˰ܣȫʤ
ʮϹǰתǵĶֺʮ˽սȫŰ
ڶֱַǵڶϳһתǿߣ֮ڣַͽִĻѪ˵
תתζ׾ٵĻ֣ܶٴζַʵ¹ơ
ڶ̭֮Ϣ֮󣬶αĿʼ
ֻϢһ£Ϊܶ˶ˣҪơ
ֱԣѡֻʣʮˣʮأַת֮⣬˶תϵתҲʮ
ַεĵһתַݵĿŶ֣˾ħ˻Ρ
Ҫ֮ʱսת𣬱ضǿеʤ£һ֮룬ܷҹһе
ã
ַЦţֱӽħ˹ȥ˿ַ綪ȥ֮ʱûðôȻĶ˹ȥ
Ȼ͵Ϯ߽˵ռУģ˲˭ȥҲûá
ȥӾħַƲյЦţѾһȥӣ㶯ȫпܾͽӲס


˾ħڰ˽֮󣬾ħѾڽϣѾܽסô
ھħа׾֮ʱоǰһޱȾ޴ĸɽݺݵԼ˹
󾪣ȥӽ˫Ȼһ죬ħĽ֮ץȥ
ǣ˫ֽӴħĽ֮ʱȻһ˱ҽ˵صף֪
֮󣬾ħӵص׷˳ڿת˼Ȧصַ
˼룬Ǹҽص׵ų˳屻ѹıΣѪֵĿַһۣʧ
Ѿħѹʣһˣٲˣ͹ˡ
ַô׾ٵʤˣַս;ħЩתж˺ܴļɵ
ٶĴսʮ죬ַߵ˻ȫʤ˴αֱ̭һٶˡ
Ҷµʱˡ
ÿһ³һսôұĻЩ˵ʱ䣬ҲǼʮһıһ֮ھܱϡ
δԼ֯ıƽģÿ˶ȫʢ״̬Ͷֽս
֮󣬱ٴνС
ַζϵһתǿߡ
ڤ߱ˣ֪а취Ʊ˵Ҳƿ˵õĶĹҲ˵ֻǶԣ·һ

ת޾֮֮׷ԲֱӽַΧ˹ȥԼַ߳תľޱӴַ֮ѹ
ǲǱ㲻Ҳô
ַдȣ
ͻȻоǰһڣвãַֻ֪ܶԿԿ˾ͻᱻǸ˵
ǺܵģһתסתôʱԼ򽫶Էű
ǣ˵֮󣬾ˡ
䣡
֮ڵըţеĹգûпַӰ
ȱըַ֮Ž
Χ޾ϢƯĻ꣬оֲѡ
Ե
ôܣ
ʲôط
򣬱ڶֵ֮ڿԼ򽫶ֵűڣҿˡ
ԼûĹǿǿпֻԼ
ַ絭Цţ⻹ô϶ҵ򡣡
ܣ龪ֵĴȣתô򣬶һǵԵ򣬳ǡ񣡡
ַӾһ񣡼ȻѾͲҪȥˣ
У
תбһת֮ʱʮϣ͹ںһǵתȥ
תͫһȫ֮˲飬屻еһ߸ʬ
ַٴγڸ߿֮У󻺻£˶ַ֪ʤˡ
ֹ£ʣµĶʮһξս
ַεĶԼˡַͻսϽһ˶û֣Զ˳ˡ
оַ罻֣Ҳһַܴ磡ȻǳǿѾԳһ磬֮ϵĹѹƣ򷢻Ӳǧ֮һַѾֵ߽Ļҿ϶ʤַ硣
ڲμսûһȤǵľΪǰھ綼Ƕǿߣֻѹƶѣ˾磬ܿͻָĶ˵Ѿûˡ
ʮһ³һ죬վַһת
ò˵תȰתǿüΡ
ַľлǱһʼûʹǺƴɱ֮
ַľ磬ÿγֵ֮ȻȲλսĿʼǰУַȷƵļɹ
ַ粻òʼѹ˹ȥ
ַ翪Ҳͬײ˹ȥ
䣡
һĶԺ֮£˶ûռʲôˣַĹԼ
ַҪƿԷ򣬵ַպԼҲرֻȫַ縴ƺɱĻᡣ
ڤ߱޷ǾǸƺɱ˵򣬺󷢶ҲʼôõľУ㿪ĻҲرҲرգȫûʱȥɱҵӮң
ò˵תȷǳǿҲǳȻ֮ܳΪǾܾȫַߵˮӮѣҪȻַߵƴܾˣҲܻܽɱ
ַ˼ַɵĽ˼תһתҪǿսĥһһĹƽսһǳõĻᡣ
Щַսܡɺ;Ҳ˺ܾã϶ַļѾ˽͸ԣӦַİ취
Ȼַ绹кܶ༼ûȥʹöѡ
ַЦðб¾ͱʹ򣡡
ַʱ޷˿ʼƴַ֮֮Ȼת٣ÿγ֣תĹַ繥
Ȼַ˿̵ǳ֮壬֮ٶַֻ࣬ܽˡ
һʱ䣬ƴɱ֮תַƵĽڽڰˣַǹôġ
ŵ죡
ͻȻתоԼ֮񱻵˻һʱӦԼصĻɡ
ַЦôˬˬ
һΪֻмܣûô
ϾˣҪ񼶡ϵؼĹؼ֮٣ϵļܹĶǶ֮Ĺӱͽޱȡ
»ʳ
ӵ֮ͻȻһɹޱȱϢת֮仯һʵʻһıַɱ
ǧ׵ľ룬ַоһĺϮ棬ԼͻȻϼһ㣬ٽ֮ʱͻȻ˷ıըƺһ˲佫ַ嶳ᡣ
ַһֵٶȺ͹̫ǿˣƺѾתķ룡
ַΧĿռַ屻˲䶳ᣬַ籾֮ǳ֮ںһӭУַ緢֣˿ȫҲᣡ
䣡
ַΪĲһɫıըַ𽥵ѣըҵȥ
ַ󾪣һַʤ̨Χ֮⣬Լˣ
ս˶һǿ˹ľڤ߱񹬵Ĺˣ
ĿתĶַӰܶ˶ϣַ类ը̨Χ֮⣡
ַĹ⣬ǽȴûУ
һħ𣡡
ħǾ½һ֣ǿҲħ˲ڻ
һůϢַĵַͻȻԼĹܶˡ
ǣַѾ׵ıԵһ׾Ҫ̨Χ


ַ翪˵Լͷݺݵ

ȻԼԼ
Ǵ˿̣һð취ݺݵַͷը˵θı˷λãַ¾ʮȵĿ׹ȥ
ھ̨Χʮַ֮ӲĸıԼ׹ķȻµȥ
תһ㶣ţҲУûȥҾȥ
ַ֪ڵϣҲǳ̨ΧͬҲ䣡
ַ缱æ֮ʹ֮ĹĻ֮ϴȥ
䣡
֮ϵıըγһǿĳϿճȥ
ڤħ𣡡
ųڤħַھ״סΡ
ַոסΣתĹ
תȣڤ߱񣬿ô㣡

ףϣַ£һԺͿ԰ַҽ棡
תĹǼǧףַ޷ܹȥ֮Խȥܣ
Щ֮սȥܶ㿪ΪַԿҲῪĻһ¾ͽַҽȥ
ŵ죿У·У
˿ַ̣ʩչκᱻ棡
ƴˣ
һ
һôǹ֮е֮
ַҧ˾ģ֮û취
˿ַ粻ûжܣתĹӭȥ
ţʲô͸תôô
˶Ϊַᱻת棬˿ַڷɵ˵֮
ʲô
ַ缱תšһϳȥ
е֮һģҪյĻ϶Ҫǧ׷Χڵ֮ȫգ
ַûʲô
ǬҲһ㣬üͷһ壬ô
޾ַ֮֮ڣַоһַޱ޼ʣһͻᱻ飡
Щɵ֮ǳȫܿƵַ֮ںֱײǺܿ죬Щ֮ܵһӰ죬ȫַ֮Ǹ޴ȱڳȥ
ַ޴ȱֱӱʮ
æоַϢȶûг֡
ûַ֮ڵȱڱ俪֮ȶ
Ȼַַ֪һʹáһʱ򣬱֮ڵľ޴ȱ˽ȥַ羫ܵӰ졣


488 кβң
Σַش
ַѪҡҡ׹ǽе֮գ׸߿գĿĶŶİת
˶סˣʲôȻ˵˵֮
ڤ߱û뵽㻹УѾشôҴ򣿳һаɣ
ַڵʹáƺ쳾һУֱöԷԼһַľѾڱԵ޷ʹС
ħ֮긽壡
ʱֻܿæַ塣
תһն
һɱڵǧ֮ĵâַɱȫ෴໥ڣ֮һĿռѷ졣
УҪȷŵġ»ʳҪǿϣ
ʮĽĹ
Ĺ֮ƲģΪ֮ߵģ
Цţħڰ˲㡪ħ񣡡
רſĹĹһ¾ͻȥ
תܵԷ֮Ϻݺݵɱһޱȹ翣˲佫ıնƣ
ڵǿɹ֮·飬˿ռһʱѷ졣
ӿֲǣתоԼϵһѳһѶƬ
𾪲ѣڤ߱ôôƿֵľУ
һٻ˶ֵ
ʱתַܵϵϢû֮ǰҪǿ
ʲô
ôãҲý˰ɣ
黰䣬򣬡
תͬ˵Ժ˹ȥ
Σ˿ֱַӽתɱĽڽڰˣ
ת󾪣ô£ԷǿҲǿ˼
ŵѿԽԽ󣬶תѷԽԽСת֪ȥȵԼѷһʧͻᱻֵ
ǽһδεĺɱת޷⣡޷
ڣתѷʧ齫ת˵
ʲôط
ÿˣᱻǰĳŵһ㶡
ǲ˼ģ޷ģ
Ц˵ʲôط֮أ
У
ûзϻֱӶ֡
ʹеַʹõҪǿʮϣתոӿֳ֮ͱɵһɶţȫѳƬλгһƬޡ
ڴĿ֮£ַ˸߿֮Уϵ˵һЦ䵽档
һڲˣ
˫Լ˭Ҳַܶ磬ȻҲû˸Ҷ
ʼʱ򣬵ж˵˶ַõһλãǺһַ߽ܣΪַһʵҲȫǿʤֱɱһת֮ʱҲᵽַʵܾжûΪַʤַȴʤˣ
з˶ַʵµĹơ
֮˫ûзκìܡ
һһŵһ죬սˡ
ɢĵǰݼˡ
ŮǶʮ£˾һ£ɫؿŴսı־
Ϊ׵ǸŮˣµûһ˿裬ĿĿַ磬ǽĵһ
ǡ
Ϊת
ǡ
˼Ϊ̫ͣμսҪתϣ㲻ȥ
ַһҲȥ
ַ£ʲô˼һǿԼһһԵģҾתûдҵսԿɱת
Ϊ׵ַĶײǳЦתɱתǺǣЦЦʲô취õһλã˵оǲУ˵ȡʸȡʸ㲻ô
Ϊ׵Ůȫһλ߶λߵĿ
ַҧгݣԭежЦѡ
λߵȨƴƴʱλһ仰ܰеŬĨɱ
ַף˿ˣǾԻײַǹϡ
ַ֪Щ˶ս֮еİèƽʱ϶ܹˣڳ۸²ˡ
ֱַٻٸĸ߽˰Χ
ɫһ䣬Ϊ׵Ķַ磬£㵽ʲôˣ
ӵô£ҶǸ߽˳ԾǣҰôĸ߽װԼ
ںܶûʲôǿŵģΪԼߵװԼǸҪԼ죬һ˲俪򣬾ܽ˵ű
ǰˣȻװٸֻ߽˵һ⣬ٸ߽ǰĹ
ϼ㣬˶ܷǰڤ߱ԲǼ򵥵ˣ
ַЦңڤ߱񹬵ĹҪȡҵĲʸҲԣ˵ͺˣ
ǺǡΪ׵ЦսĹԱֱڷ۴ˣΪ۴ôʲôˣڱҿԸӣμαԣŵ£ҲǸ㲻ǴˣȻȡĲʸ񣡡
Ů˻˵̫ˣ˼ǣ㱳к̨ĻҾ͸Ǹûк̨Ļμ֮սûţ
ַЦ㣿ʲôӺûк̨ôˣӵĵ̣ŷٻƣ
ַƿڴ˵ɫһһס
˴ŭ

ַЦǿʽôأƴƴŬͷò˸һһ仰ĨɱΪʲôΪİת򲻹ƾʲô﷢ʩ軹ǹƣɢ񣬵ҲϣأֻһֻֻѣΪô
ַڲˣŭ죬˲Ҷ֣Χ˵ÿ˶ɱڣһ֣ԼС
Ϊ׵ɱٶˣ
˶һ㶣ⲻɱôÿ˶붯֣սֵﲻ
ڣߵ˶ﲻ
Ҷھᣬû˶֡
ַЦһδθǻᣬȻҪ뽫ǸϾɱôֻˣ
ɱ
ַ϶Ҫɱˣһ֣޷ƣ
ң
кβң
ٸ߽û˿ԥƬ
ûжַ֣˽ɱˣûйϵ
սˣҲ׷ɢȥ
ˣɱˣһὫǴݻ٣
ǰˣοǴ˴ˣζˡ
ַ̲Щüһľɥ
ַǲܵǣĻǶ߰ɣ
лˡ
֮ǰַ̲֮ˣȫ뿪ˡ
ַ֪ЩǿסģʵûΪܵǣ
Ǳַ̲ʱΪַǳǿ󣬸Ҳǰ;ַˣˣַƲϵ
ַ粢ɱЩˣΪЩַͿ͸ˣֻײ˶ѣɲʲô¡
ַߣԼȥս
ɢֱַսķȥ
ַ粻ţս֮е˶Щٻ֮ˣ
ʮַ֮ˡʥǡ
ʥǵڶĳУʮķ֮С
һǳĳУսе롣
֮в׼Уеľ֮ǰҪǼǣҪ֮
֮ǻң
֮Щ˵һӴ֣ܶ˶ɲ𣬶Щǵ֮Ȼֻ࣬Ϊǣ֮˭ۣ
ֻǷãڳڴһ죬ʮ֮ȥʮ֮ʱҪһ֮
ǰɣ˲飡
ԣڶȼɭϣʮĵ̸ǵȼɭϣ
ûйϵû֮Ŷˡ
ַ֮˳ڣֱսķȥ
ֵ֮඼ʮˣʮ˷ǳϣǶͳһķκؿı־
ַ߹ֵмٸ
һ·֮ϣսǰȥ˷ǳ࣬ܶ඼һЩս˴Ųǰȥ
սڣַ类һජַ硣
Ǹˣأ
ַɢˣûƣΪһǸĵһǵ˲ϣҪȡҵʸ񣬱ɱˣ
ַ֪ڶ㣬һֵһǧ֮ңַáһ֮ɱ˼ײˣַţһǮ
ַҪĸˣԿֱ˵ɱˣַ϶ˣ㱨档
ˣֱַͶȻҽȥ˵ַڸɱˣַ粻û˿˼ɻԼ֡
һ㶣Цǻȴȥץ㣬㵹ãԼˡ
ף
ַо˺ûһķŭ⡣
㵽
˰ַһ䣬ǣ˵ǲǷ鰡ɱܾˣ㻹ô
ַ粻Ŀ֪
һ˶Ǳ̬˶ϲǣڱɱ˾ɱˣܲʲô
ַ絭ĵλǵʲô
ߵʵҲûʲôһʮ֮Ǿ͵ûп㣬߰ɡ
ţҲΪ㣬£׬̫֮ˣ⡭
ַˣԭ
ַʮ֮һеģȥμ֮սܲܰæ
һ㶣ĵ֮û
С
ãҴȥϴϴһݣǧҪ˵ɱǵˡУ˵ĺôٺ٣һټʮ򣡡
ַˣҲף
ߵãֵ࣬˵Ļ·һȻ˺öಿţкöϴģöϴ󶼺ֻܱ̬Ҫϴͨģʵɱϴֵˣ
Ŷܲϸĸ˵һ£
˵϶û⣬Ǹɶ
֣Ҫ֮
Ҫ٣
ÿټʮҾ͸㡣
ɽ
ұߵÿֻߵƣȻǶɢˣЩȻǵһΪĶ֪֮μսܳ嵽ǰʮпܶԾͽʸǣٽʸг۸ЩҪˣʵܶʱ򣬲ʸ񶼱Ԥˣպи⣬һ˵Ƿ˱˺֮ܶûа취ͰѲʸˣⲻѾʼˣóҲȻҪûһ͸ˡ


489 
ַ֪ʸĻǻƴƴʲô
ĻϢЩҲǺĹԱйϵˣ˸֪飬򵽲ʸǳѣڲǴѾʼˣʣʸҲȥҲֵַģַ˹ʺˣǡ϶ѡ
ַ̾ڰҲ١
ɲˣΪ㱾ӵдԵˣ룬ߵ˶ĸ֣ԣ˫ش˵ġ
ַƲͣ˵Щ翵Ķš
Ժͻŵġ
ܶҲǳ״̬ǳ٣֮ǳ٣ҪȵԼ״̬ûǧʱģҲȱٴԴչǧܴﵽģҪһ̣ԣ˶֮ͨ
ҪʲôҪ֮ףԷȾƻϸҪ֮ﵽжĳҲԿĲ֮
֮ǲƸʵ
ַ罫ʮ֮֮飬ַȥǵϴ
ϴһλƵˣ˫Ŀ֮ŵɱ
֡
ַһ֡
Ǹɢģ
򣡡
ѣڤ߱ɱˣҽ
ַһ㶣ô֪ģ
ô֪Ҿڤ߱񣿡ַûнƱ磬ɴϡ
ٸɢѾˣ˲ǸģҲǡɢ˶ˣھͲǵʮûǰʮɱˣ㻹˭
ַԳϣûңҪμα۰ɡ
㲻ҽɱ㣿֪ץ㣬ɱЩ˵ϴҵõĿ϶Ķ࣡
ôַ絭ЦҽĶô˵ڻһʸȥɣɱң˭ȥ
һѾ֪й¶Ϣ
ðɣӮˣһڼһǧ֮
һǧ򣿡ַͣôȥأ򣡡
ʲô˽еһʸҲ˵򣿡
ַߵҲĻûˣ㿴Űɡ
ЦòʸĻȥߣ㲻ĻҾͽץסҵĶ֣Ǻǡ
ַЦ򣡡
Уⲻǲʸ񣬻˰򣡡
ַ磺İˣ
ˣ߰ˣ
У̫ˣ
ˣô㣬˼õó
ʲô˼ģҪۣ
ôֻôһλᣬ߰ˣ

һʱ䣬࣬á
ַ֮ǳ࣬Ҳĸˣַ确࡯ձ˵֮
ַðɣԭ㰮ҲҪˣ
ݣ˵򣡲Ϊһȥˣ
ڳɽ˸ַһϡ
ڵݾʮˣ½ĲƣòҪֳʲô£Ҳʶ㣬ô
ţǸɶַҽǵʱڳſǼǹȻǼ֣ʥǹǳϸ鷳Ǹ¼ˡ
ַһС¼ٵĻַһ겻ǣһ죬ʮ֮ʱַһʧ϶飡
·Ҷ鷳ˡ
Ȼ£ַܰ쵽
ַõƣս
սһһʽʼʮµ׽
һʱ䣬ֻлòʸ˲ܽ룬˶һɽֹ룡
ÿһλߵϢһ糬һˮǼǣսһҲˮͼӡ
ս棬̨֮ϿԶ֮⣬ĵط˽ս
̨֮ϵս֮ս
Ȼ̨϶֮ϡ
ǳ򵥣ÿ˶սڳκһˣʤϢʱ䡣
ǰʮͿԽ
ַȥʱ򣬱Ϳʼˣʮ̨֮ɱذʮڹս
ַףʮڶǲߣ
ַܿ쿴ϯ֮ϣߴʮĴַ翴˺ľ
ܿ죬֮ϵսһնϣ
ַʹáһȥ֮˹򺮱λȥ
ľҲ˹
硭
ܡ
ֵܼ棬쳣ġ
Ц磬һΪ㲻ء
ַ罫¸˺ˡ
óʦƾͳ˷ĿˣȻ˵μ˾͸һһƣǾ˰
ַһͷײ֪ôףַ͸ȥˣαô£
ǲͻˣ
ǰͻƵתˣֻֻ״̬֮Ҳǳ٣ǷһЩǰģڸתĶ֣ʱת򲻹˫޹ͻǿ죬Ϊ;硭
תˣַǳ˳飬Ҳ̫ˡ
翴򡣡
ֱַ˵һǳͼĵطмƬСɭֺͼɽϿȣһﶼûС
ȻĶ٣ַоľ˵ĳ΢ϵƶĹһģһศɣ˵ĸоͬһһ㣬ҹҲǳǿֻСѣֵַ಻ѡ
͵ҺһģΪ˫ݹ֮ʱһģеƽģǵľΪһһ˺͵˽֮ʱһ԰еˣһ˿ͬʱ˵ȻһһҲ
ַ̾⹦ǣһߣ
͵һЩɡ
ַ罫Ȫˮ֮ó˼Ȼںľ˵һӣȪˮת˳ӣֱ˼֮
ȪˮŽ˵֮˵ﶼ
ַ罫Ǭֲŵرóһ󲿷ֲ˵
ЩĵرǵںħɭõģַںħɭǼ꣬ͽڵߣħɭеĵرȫǬ
ݴúľ˼ѣ˲ûлֵ֮䲢Ҫʻ㣡
磬ô㰡ʲôײݰʥݰŰ
ľҲκϣ˵簡õĴû͹ʲôΣô࣬ǾһԶ͵ɡ
ַͳһѣǬＸһĶûˡ
а磬
ǰ磬㻹ô࣬ɴȫǵˡ
ַƣҿǻҪˣˡ
Ʋͣ磬̫Сˡ
ľΨ²ңǰһСǬô࣬ȫǶãԺصµġ
ַĿɨźľҪһģôңҾͲˡ
ɶ磬㻹
һץסֱַۣľץסֱַۡ
磬ʲôﰡóõȲ˰
ǰ磬㰡Һʶʮļգʲôﶼû͸͸ǰ磬ôС
ҡַĸ첲һ㡣
ַȫļƤ˵ľŮҶãһүǣǸɱ֣ʲô
ַһߣһһ֮

һڣ
ӴúľҸĿˣַ֮֮˶ںһתһսû⣡
磬ҵڣٸôòã
ǰ磬ҲҪһ̫ˡ
갡һ٣һˣ
˵ô֮£ַ֮½һ͡ħһǣ˵õĹ𾪵Ĳѡ
ˣҵ׶ˡ
һֿĿַ磬磬㻹ûбĹ
ľҲһĿַ磬磬ľУС
ַ糹ˣֱǬ̰ļһˡ
ľֻͨˣ츳Ҳһ㣬ҪַһɳĻ϶ǳѣַŸǺܶ౦ֽħ湦ˣܿǵʵ
ʮ̨ÿ춼Ҫٳսÿ춼ҪٸַƣЩ˵֮
ܿ죬һʱȥˣַ緢һ⣬ʮĴûսÿľɢ֮ľ
ľǷĴַ˵
͵ϴʮʮڲԵģҲʮҪɢһǰʮʮ֮ıԡս֮еǰʮǶɢԵġȻڹϣκɢսʮˣһɢսʮˣʮˣǻкӹô
ַţǷ˶ˣ
ʮˣҲʮˣ˵ʵҪǰʮǳѡ
ַЦû£ʱ򲻹ĸ˵ƽ
ЦǴ˵ģŶʱʮˣɱŶ
УЩʮˣֲǾʮʲô˵ˣϵۺҶҵЩ񰡡
ˣ˴ˮûսַ磬Ϊַͺ켣һʮȺ֮УЩɢǶַͷô죬˭ȥս
ַһ߿Ϸһֶ֮Ϊ
ʮˣ
Ĵ඼ǰתҲתͬǰת˵ĸȥûоͻᱻɱеĴһʱʤ֮ĲҲ̫ˡ
мתɱ˰תҲżʡ
Щμӱˣ¾ַһתˡ
˵֮ĲǺܴģԼľŴԼһ񼶹һܱ֮һǧϵ֮ȫԼĹ
ýĻ˵ǵڶЩһЩͽ׵ˡ
ʮ۾ֻһ֮ң
ͨˣ඼ͣתΪת;תһķˮ룡ûͶ֮ĿǲͻƵת
ͻƾת֮󣬾ͿľŴֻнŴԲϾŴͻۣ
ʱĺܿ죬ת֮˸Ѿȥˣɢ֮ıҲĽ׶Ρ
ֳʮѾʱʮһᣬĿͬʱַ硣
˸µɱԵ˶ƣÿ˲μӱֻ֮ʱָȻҶ˵ʥҩǺܶ˵ʱ޷ָ


490 ʮ֮ս
ԣһˣ֮˿϶ᱻս
ܶ˺ǿЩǿڳս֮£Ҳֻһ;
ԣκεıʵȻҪģҲǷǳҪ
Σַմ˺Ĺˣͺ켣һԲûսɼʮǵڶȨ
ϵȨ
ڣǴˣʮ˳ˣһַ磬˭սַأ
ʮһ˾
ʱһλתԶԶĶַ£ɢ˾ʣʮһˣǷ˹ϵУ⼸Ҳûд£Ĺأǲÿ˶֣ڣսʮ֮еκһλȻǾԲ˺
˻˵ķǳ
ַ绺˳Ȼߵصһߣˣ֮ս
ˣεĺܺãϧǣӲ̽⣡
ᣬʮˣôͿأ
룬ֻһת϶÷ϵˣǣҲûзϡ
ַ֮ս
¸߹̣
ҽ½ַָ̡֮ļ֡
߹룬ֻתͷйϵֲɱԳһðպ÷ִ磬һҪСĽ
߹׼תַֻҪַܾͺá
ַ֣ȴᣡ
½룡
߹ǳһơ
ַ簵ЦΪôöԸô
ҾͲˣ
ַ绰䣬򣬵Ȼֻһ֮ҲֻǧңǳһתĹ
߹ַĹûп򣬶ֱӱַַ֮ϯȥ
߹ַԼȥΪԼǰתתô
Ǹ߹͹֣ҲǸ߹ԼԸ߹Ǹ߽װתһתҰѸ߹
ԣ۴κη߹ΪⳡսԼԻȡʤ
ַͷûйϵĻ߹һֿ϶ȫԸǸ߹ҡ

߹ַǷֵֶѷͻȻǧףһ½˽ȥ
߹һΪֲô࣬Ƕȴôˣ
⡭ʲôط
ÿһַˣ𾪲ѣŶôʡ
ǵĵҲɱ㣬ǷȥĻὫɢȥʱᱩ¶ҵݣԣ
߹ȣȻû뵽Ǵ˵֮еĵһռ򣬵ֻǳ״ֻ̬ѹɵɱңܣƿ򣡡
ɱŭ»
ߵŽľˮⰵԵַ˹ȥ
̲ס߹оɱľУϵռȫԴƽ⣬ǣǵһԵ򣬸ûð
У
޾͹߹ӵϵռдɢ߹ɡ
߹ûѾˣȫɢȫʴѾʹ
һɱŭ»ûƿֵ֪Լˣ̫СԼĶˡ
ַƮȥո˸߹ꡣ
߹ʵȥ
ַٴγ֮ʱܶ˶ַʤ
ɢǰʮڳˣʮ֮ıԡ
ʮҲǶ֮ıԣ
Ƿ硢ꡢסĴ̫
սˮ
ȻǶ֮ıԣǶһƽежԣ˶뽫˴˵ɱ
һתʱŻλãսж࣡
ʮڲļǿߣұ˴˶ʶжԶԷʵҲһ˽⣬аɱˣԲս
жԪɽҪǺˣʮ֮ıдԣ֮ս
ԪɽЦôж࣬ô
жȡ㣡
ԪɽЦۣǶǸ߽Կ϶ҪȫԸ˵ʲôд裡þģˣҽͺú㣡
жɫ䣬ҲȨ
ȨŷǱԣ˾˽˶Թĵطжȷˣɱ˷ԪɽãֻҪԼڻΧ֮ڲԪɽԼûа취˿̺ͷԪɽֵĻԪɽԲΪʲôͶ飬Իɱжࡣ
ԣжȨȻûӣǾǱסС
жһȨ˵ɫѿһûд򣬾Ȩˣ
ԭǻôûûдȨǺãս㣬ƶ˹
ԪɽǺͻĶˣսһˡ
Ԫɽ֪Ҵ򲻹㣬㲻Ҫ⣬Ҳ·һ
кξ壡ԪɽЦҪһҾǻˣ
ߣϻ˵սɣ
ƶ˹ŭһ˸߿գ˺ܿ춷ذʮй󣬿ƶ˹Ԫɽӿл䣬ڵϣһࡣ
˷ŭѡ
ս㣡
սľ˿ľΪֻתԲսľ
ʼͺͻˣûж
ԪɽľǷ˵ˣ潻ˣȨ
ľҾԲѣҲǷһӣǰǶչҺͺôãҲҪΪһʱȨĻᶪ˷棡
Ԫɽû˵ʲôĳľ˵ͷ
ľûڵһѶ̽ͺĶ̽ǳơ
ǰת߽ľ϶ԼĶ֣ڷƵĻһȨɱ˻һˣڻһɱľ
ľϳûֹͶľε
ľ߽װת
˫սһʼľʹ·磬תƵĽڽڰˣ˵Ŀóת뽫ľأôȥƴ޷ľɱ
䣡
ľУȫը˼һ·Ѫ񱼣ǰתɱľ
˶ľûл֮ľ֮ûаľ֣һƬƽ

תľƵһǣе֮ľ·صľ˹ȥ
ַ絹һţɨźޱŵЦš
Ӱν
ľеĶ̽ͻȻ貵ĹâЩĹâޱصһ½ӵ֮һƬ
ַ統ȻóǺġӰνǿһС
ٶȡѾ˶壡
ַ룬ľôẮӰνأ϶˫޹йأĹͼ˶ͬˡ
ЦӰνǿľˣ
תһ㶣˭Ҳû뵽ľйƿ֮
˿̣ףԭľУͻԼĹ
תҲ˲ףԼһֱֱƵĽڽڰˣԭǶֹΪֻ֮Եѹȥͻƹƿ
תҧгݣ߲ѡ
תԼ֮ƿһôҵ򣡡
֮֮󣬽Űת򣬺ԣתҪľǿܶ౶
κ˶óľ޷ͰתĿ⣡
ľһЦֻҵڣͻȻһĽ֮±ǧ֮ѷ죬ѷ컯Ϊһǧ֮ߵĽɫ
ַ࣬
ǱŮô
Ҳ֪ʲôҪ֪֮ڱһʮ𣬵ȻǱŮӡȥ𣬶ľôãЩ϶ľܶľӵΪ档
޾͹תȥ
䣡
תоһ޿ƥеԼѷ֮Ĺڿٵı飡
һ̣תӲıպϣӰ˳ȥȻء
ľ߿ֱȡ˰ת
ʮ˻Ϊľ˭Ҳû뵽ľɱת
ʤˣ
һսһǸɱ
˿̣һȨѾʣˣֻĸ˶ѣûһ
ս㣡
һս
һЦСүѾ˺ܾˣɣ
һϳͿ򣬶ʹӰνֱӽƵ·ߡ
ַ翴ĳӰνľĸˣԴԴϣǸתʹö֮ᱻƿ
Ƶŭɶȫ뺮ȥ
ЦҲǴ򣬺ԥĳȥ
䣡
ıը㴫춯صıըһ޴Ľɫһԣֱӽת˴ҵ˵棡
ţӰתһ䵽棬ӰνٴαӸ߿µΪƬ
Ĺˮиɻһȥʹİתֲһֱ󽫰תɱ
ľȻͺ˵Ϊ;ҲͬǺٶȺ;Ҫľˣľɱ˰ת
Ѿʣˣ
ɷѡսˣʣ˵սˣ
Ϣ죬֮󣬱Լ
ʣµ˶ɱˣֻʣǰȨжࡣ
Ԫɽ޲ɱж࣬һȨˣκ˶ûа취ǹ˭Ҵ
ͻԣʤˣʣ߸ˡ
ʣ֮ıԣ֮ıԣһһ֣ԸһǲģЩǿҲмôϾǶϻѹϵ
Ǵ֮ıԣһϣҪ׵İѶԷȨ
ȨΪȨĻĲǸ˵棬棬Ȩ֮ȥ֮ܵصĳͷ
һʱȥˣʮһֵıڽ
ʥʤˣˣ̫ˣʣսˣˡ
ȻĻţ˼ȶ˻࣡
˭Ҳû뵽ս˻ôǿıÿʵ޼
սŶϵĶǿ˺սͬھսһ˶ɱ
սսıԣˣǵҲǱǶɱһɶıԣûôõˣ


491 ҵ
ԪɽôҪ֪ߵֻһˣǵս޼ʥǵĿȨǶУ
սЦǶѾˣҲϢϢ˰ɣԡ̫ˣˣɻģ
ַڲף֮սΪеĿȨԭÿ궫֮ıԣΪɱԷʵҪʥǵĿȨһӮˣһʥǵĿȨ
ʥһҪ֮һӴ֣
Ԫɽȣϻ˵սɣ
սЦãҾս㣡
ţɣ
Ԫɽս˸߿ա
֮󣬷Ԫɽսӿд
ò˵Ԫɽǳ涼սƾУսеһֱӽԪɽ롣
̫һսһͬھճʤģʱ̣һ˿⣬̫Աֱӽ˵ը
սһսˣɱ
ľɱս˶ˣãֻ֮
һ֮ڣ˫ս
ʣ˺ľˣһˣ̫һˡ
սˣˡ
Ÿˣʣˣ
սڼ
ɱ˺ľɱսˣش̫˱սɱ
ڣʣºľˣ˲Ȫˮ͹ˣ
ˣһʱ᲻ȬǺľصˣһ֮ʱսͻָ״̬սľ̫ˣϵ˿ȪˮǾģȪˮҲûа취ġ
˶ˣûʤ㣡Ϊսʣĸǿģ
㺮ľɱˣս죬ҲǶ֣
ȻˣˣûȬ
ʣµ˶ˣǾˣľͺ϶Ӯ
ʱַ罫߸ɢеһߡ
ַ߸˵ǰ˸ǶˣǴıԣǶϾҪˣ˵ĻʥǾͻᱻ˽ӹһ꣬Ǵ˶ˣǼ˵ʵԿ׾ٵĻˣǼȥæòã
һ㶣һ½ˣ֮ıԣչ˵ǿԲμӵģʮˣǸҵôԣҲûгֹɢȥս֮£ĻպԻᱻ˶Ը
ַʲôǰﶫʤˣ϶ᱻʱǶˣ˭ҶǣΪһսѵ˻ô
һǲַͬ˵
һǲʮıֻҪǴ֮гҲԱȫûбҪôʮıԣ֮ʵԣǲܲģҲҲ룡ǹأ˭ƻأɢԺӾ͸ѹˣɢʮѹĴôһ㣬ԺɢôξǰﶫӮˣô´αԣ˳Ըɢô죿ǲɢıԣҲıԣս겻Ĺ˭Ҳƻ򣡡
ַô˵˶Ӧû˸ðա
˲Ӧַ粻úľ¡
֮ս
ľսصΪɱˣĲ󣬻Լ졣
ľʤˣɱһˡ
սԱߵһʹ˸ɫվս
ľܻڣսӹɵģսڲ֣´ĺľǵƼӣڼ䣬սдʱȥˣ
һսӮˣҲǲʤ˷ǳصˡ
ߵ˶ǳƣ˺ôģÿս˷ǳصˣǹ죬ָһ룡
ȻǺܿܲ²⵽лָƵ鵤ҩ
Ϣ졣
ľɱһˣսɳһתͺս
Σսļѣһȥͱֿըһֱĺû˿Ļ֮
ӰνȻƿֵ֮ǶԷûа취ֿ
ЩѾĵʣ޼ҲӲ˶á
Сӣ㲻ƿôһɫôΣҿʲôƣ

תȫ뽫̽
һһӰε˲ľķ
ľеһ˲͵˺ڣͺ϶Ϊһ
䣡
ٴγ֣ںҪԷ֮ʱһߴǧ׵Ľɫֱӽת顣
תҽһӿ£Ӱν漴һ̽תüģת걬顣
漴һȫӿ£ľＱæǰȥڻ
սʣµ˾һ㶣κɣû뵽ܱǿһ
ַ֪˵ľ֮תƣ˴˶ܽöԷţһǽľеɱǸ
ַ˹ȥ˺ƣȫޣֻǷȣ˯߶ѣľڵҲգѾûս
սЦȻʣˣʲôǶˣ
ľȣս죬㣬ԶСԼĵˣڸ˵̫ˣɱЦɣûǸˣЦһǣ
øѾͷ֮Ǿ͵ôɣ
ַ罫ľǬݽȪˮ
Ȼս˶ΪȥˣҲûлʲô
ַľð㲻õģһսͺ˾ͺúõ˰ɣһжҡ
㣿ľﲻ⡣
ַϵġǧ񹦡ұǵӣΪٸߵ˶Ǽٵģذɣһȥսս죡
ľֻܱóһˣһô죿
ַЦȱǴ֮ٱɺǴֻˡ
ľü˲ͬʱ֣ǿ϶ỳɣ
ַᣬ㻳ôǵǶȱɱս죬Ҿ˵δѣǻôٶȼ죬ѵô
ľսΧǼˮıӺͼ¼뺮˵ĹĹԼܸͲһһ־ͻ¶ڣǺܿͻ֪ǻˣ
ַޱŵĵɷģҵǧ񹦲ԱòҲԱùԣսǲκġȻֻһѣս֮е˿϶ᷢǼٵģһٶɱǣûлῪڵġ
ľ˵ͷԼͺѾܲսûиõİ취ˣֻܽһнַ硣
ٸ߽ȴ֣ܳǧ򻯣ǲܱһ֣˶֪ˣ϶С
ʵʱȨҲûйϵַԸ񣬻Լֵֵܺܵô
ַ֮ľӳ֣ò͡ˡϢκһֶľһģһ
ľϲ԰ɫϢδ
ȻַΪ֮
ս죬Ҫս㣡
սЦսңãɱôֵܣһúõܣ

ս첢ûʹ֮ںľһֱս֮Уÿζƿ˶ֵ֮Ҳ˵Ľ飬ԣսһַʽս
սһֱһǳصˣǿˣսСĽ
ϴκսս쿴ҪԼɱǺȴɱɫ
ԣս첻ͬĿû֮һʼĹ
սţԷѾˣԶ㲻Լһ
սһѻɫıǾ½а֮ʮһġ߱ħ׵
ʹĹľһǳӴ֣ȻҲ漣ǿԣһ̣󼸸ˣսǲʹõġ
˿̣սһҪȫֻ
ַű֮ϵϢĵ߱ħ׵ǡħ𡯣ϧ㲻ҵģ
ַ˵ΩΩФľһģһ
սһ㶣ҲϹʱڵϳģû뵽ǰСѾͷʶ
Ȼǽַġ
Ȼʶ߱ħ׵Ҳ֪ĹϷʶһǿ󣡡
Ǻǣ˼˵һͭѡ
ͭսŭ
ħ𣡡
ƺԷĵħ𻯳ǧ֮Ļ𺣾޾Ļַѹ˹ûеԲ֮ڳ޾Զս˶ܵһļ¡
ַ簵ħǸƨӵħķնԳܣ
ַаȣħ֮ħ񣡡
ħǾ½һħʵǾħĹ
͡
ħУƿκĹǧ׵ĵħƵ䣬˵ӿ¡
ħֱӽǧ׻Ӳһ룬ַӰѾսǰ
ɣ
սͻȻԼеһ˲仯˷ĩƮ
ߵľַڸܵˣԭҲһһȫɡ
սҧгݣиǿ־岻ѣҵ
սû뵽ƿԼ򣬸û뵽ֻٵԼ
ļӲȾȫҲܻٻֺ˵һѷĩˣ
ַѾԼǰսûʱȥ룬ֱӿ뽫ַȥ
ħ֮ɱ
ַʹɱǱ̬һ׸ߵĽɫֱӽսҵķ顣
ַǧѾı״̬Բܸı䣬ֻԻս֮˺ͼϵͳġ
ս˶һɫǽսսȴĺɱ֮ڣоԷϢľǰ
Ҫǣս췢ֶԷûˣ
һʼսʱսоֵľѾתľ磬϶սתľ硣
ڣԷս֮ǰȫʤ֮ʱҪǿǰ
ڵһʱ䣬ս֪ǰ˲ľֻˣԼˡ
֪ˣѾˣַƿս֮ʱַѾ򣬽ս˽ȥ
ս쿴ܺĻĴεߺѹѹĻ꣬󾪡
սоȫһϢѹƣԼڶֵ±ѹɡ


492 
սڼǧ֮⿴ַӰȵͲľ㵽ʲôˣҺԣ
ַָ˱ò
㣿㣿Ǹɢ񣿡
սѾϳַǺͺľ켣һɢ
սţԼȻһɢˣû뵽һɢȻǿ˵ز
ôˣ֮ǿôԸһɢܣ
սʵң㵽ʲôˣһˣ
ַҲûãȥɡ
ַųǬʮֱս˹ȥ
Ȼɱһ˲Ҫģַ֮Բ֣ΪҪսڲ̫
ս쿴ʮ߽֪Լûл·ˣ֮˹ȥ
һıը֮УʮΧŹ֮£ս컯Ϊһޡ
ַٴλľģڸ߿ա
ϴѾˣ
仰һʣµУսôˣ
һŭأأ
Լ򣬶һ㣬ʶһ̽⣬ҵǸ㣬Ǹ򹥻ܰ˱Ƴ
Ȼҵ򣡡
ľ˵ʧľͺ֡
ȻַģľһģֻҪɢϢ֣ûֱܷ
ַĵ˭
һĲ̬Ϣǳǿ

һ˸߿գַ漴Ҳȥ
ʣУַս˵ɱ
ʣһͶȨ
ıԣǶʤ
Խ֮ս˸ÿʤ˸һƣҲʥþݡ
ʮ£ѾַûйϵˣǻڼˮȡӰ񣬾֪˭ʤ˭ˡ
ս֮ʱ֮ûвУҲܣΪʱ̫ˣҪһ֮ãûǸеĵ˷һʱ
ԣŪһ׼Ӱ豸ʱˣһĿȻ
֮Щ˶ûˣȵһ³һ֮󣬾ͿԽȥˡ
ʣһͿһȥھƵס
½ʱʱǴæµĹʱڣԴַ֮󣬸ͿκϲĽա
ÿ춼ƴɱ֮Уûʱȥ׵Ľա
һ³һƽһÿ˶ææµµԼ¡
һߴ׵ľŲ
֮ţÿֻһΣֻнϵ˲ܽǵ㡣֮ϣÿ㶼ֻͨͨҪϣȥ㣬ʱȥ
ϣҲû·ҪڣҪ㣬޷ٻصڶ㡣
֮µˣԻصڶ㣬Ȼʮ
ϵˣսȥҵʮҲᱻ
ԣֻҪսǰʮɢ񣬾ͻһ죡
Ȼ֮ڵҲ
Ƕǳգÿһ㣬ݾԽֲ
Χƽʱû˳֣ŹرյĻûκһ˿Խȥ
һһػߣû֪˭˲²ǿռ֮ˣػͨͨ
ֻսƵˣܽȥÿȥˣڶʮ֮ڡ
ַ˽⵽֮ףսλػŪģ͵һػһôĸһѡ
֪ʲôʱսıѾʣɢĺܶ˲ȥ㣬ʮѣҪʮôֻսȡǰʮ
ַʮ˽ػߡ
׷롢üۡЬؿڹһɫ塣
ߵòֻʮ£Ȼƨһ붼֪һһϹ
߿ʮ˵ƣʲôû˵ͷʮ˽ȥ
ʱͻȻǬĿĶߣҲǿռߣ
߿飬ǳȣǣ
㲻ù˭شҵͺá
˵ţޱӴϢߣͷ亹һ㷴֮ûС
ô֮ǿǿߣ
Աߵ˸ܵϢ׷׵˵ϣг޾ľֺͲ
ַùˣߣֱӱɢѹѹſڵϣˡ
Ϣֻǰػ߶ԣȴ꼰㣬Ҳܲˡ
ػ߲ûбѹſ£ɫ԰׵ûһ˿ѪɫĺӶͷ¡
ǣǿռߣɢȥϢô
ػѾŲȥˣôǰԷѹ˵ſڵϣѪ̫ûˡ
š鳷ȥϢػ߶ʱûһ̹
˶һֽٺĸо
ػߵܸܵռѾﵽһĻ򣬵ǱϴͷˣͷҼꡭǵһػͨͷҲǿռߣԶˣҵĿռɣҪѧϰռߡ
һ㶣֪ǰŮⲻ˵ģԼôߣػͨˣˣǵڶǴң
Ц˵ЦˣΪػߣʹػǲ뿪ġ
ĵ㲻ߣҾɱ㣡
ƽ͵ЦţɱңҲߵģҵʹˣռͻң˭ҲģҪѧϰռǰǸ˽̹ռҺǸʶķϣ㵱ҪѧҿԽ㣬֮ڡ
ðɣҾˡ
תͷַȥɣԺһȥ㣬סǧˣ
ַԴİɣ˶ȥÿÿҹģˣ˭Ȣء
ŭһŽַ߷ɡ
ɡߣַʲô¶һģַ϶뿪ԼҪѧϰռַҲûа취
ɢ񿴵ַ֮ǿǿߣвػߣ;ｹˡ
ַ˵Ļҿ϶ΪʲôĹϵ
ȻַֻǿЦѡ
飬ַ˲ʽĽһ㡣
ոսȥַ˿һŵĸܣ֮ļˮÿˮ涼һ񼶹
˵սǰʮнû뵽֮񼶹
һ˵ţڣ֣һˮץȥ
ָոˮ֮ʱˮͻȻһ޾˲佫˽ȥ
˶һЩȥüˮæ֡
ַǿռ֮еĿռ壬ҲҪˮ
£֪ղǸѾռѷˣһ˿ռͻٲ
ַŵҪ񼶹Լʶȥоݣüˮ¼һݾͺãҪͼĶߣ
ʱҲСʶȥӦˮݣѰʺԼĹ
ַͺľ˶ûκιַǬλȥãҲûá
Ȼ񼶹ǶӲľˮⰵϵַǲҪġ
ٸϹĶطĹҲòϡ
ַ罫ڤ߱񹬵ǧȫ˳ѡԼĹ
Ȼ֮ڴôˣֻܷһһĽ˳
Щڶתҵľ磬Ȼкܶ๦е˵ǲʺģô񼶹ǧ˿϶õϡ
ռػˮ￴ַһ·ųôˣŭ׼ռֹԱߵĿɨͷһۣͷԹԵסˡ
ʵ֮ǿͷҪʲôѣͷַĹϵȫ˼ˡ
ʱ˶֣ÿֻܿһ㣬Ķ
ʱػ翵˳ÿ˶ֻѡһֹѵǶĹô˼ˮ﹦ĵһ㣬Ǿֹ֪ʺϲʺ㣬ѡԺһ㣬һ£˶ǸӦˮݾܿˡ
ߵĻ䣬Ҷжˡ
ԼĹ˵һ㣬֮ʣµȫüˮŹ¼
ǣиǳ̰ģȥĹ˵һ㣬ֿݣϲ͵͵Ƶڶֹ
ոո֮ǰͻȻһɲɵֵ˽ȥ
ֲ˿ռ塣
Ե̰
񼶹ǷëǵĴڣκ˿ϲԣе˻̰ģõһֻȥõڶ֣
ļҲ뷨ɱ󣬶ԹԵѡһֹ
ַѡ˹ַֽ֮սǬԽǰУһ䣬ǰһ󾪴

ǹޡ
йͷͷҶ⵶
й㳦νν
֮ӦоУȫľˮⰵϵԾȫ
Σǰ֮Ҷˣÿ˶ԣѡԼÿ˶һԼ˷ܲѡ
Ȼ˵еһЩֻѣû˸ô
ַֽǬ˷ųÿһҶ˷ܲѣصǬ
ÿһսԻᱶ
һЩ͵ȵÿǳ¯֮Ͱûжù
ַǽȫ˰ɣʱľ֮þħ塣
ɶȫˣ˽ǻﰡ
ʲôЩҲǵ͵ȵûоκսûմȾһѪɱҲû飬ǵ͵ȵˣôľûôСĻԸǰɣο´Ըô
ţã
ɡ
ַһж缢ƿʵĶһ
˿ַʮ˲ͱ˷ĩһ
ػ߿ŭס֣
ػߵصռ֮ڡ
ַ粢ûס֣£ȻĶǶǵĽôҲôСɣ
ػüۣôΪ׼ģǸһ׼ģҵؼѵҲ㣬㵱Ҳɱôٲס֣Ҿɱ㣡
Σ鲢ûʲôʾ
ַ֪ʱǳǿַںħɭǼַ꣬оʱͿռ鲼µκοռ壬ַ綼׵ӳǰͷȻǿÿռסַ磬ԣûֹػߡ


493 
ػ߼ûʲôʾŭ֮£ַǰһռ塣
ַ¸ոһ˾ʧԭأ˽ȥ
硭
һҪǰȥľס
˶ַ֪ʱǿƿռģݽȥַš
һ룬ֳַԭأĳһ
ַЦͷסң
ػ𺳲ѣϻӳԼµĿռ壿
ѵѵʱ
ػ֮ɫܣû˻ʱģܣԲܡ
ػ߻ЩƲסԼȻ˵ܣѾ϶ˣʱʲôƿռ
ԱߵǰûУԺûС
ػޱĵѵСʱ
˵أ
Ҳţܣػ׼ռ塣
㻹ʡʡİɣסģı˵ҲûʲôãĶǸˣ㲻ùˡ
ҵĶӣ⻰Ǵӱ˿˵ػ߾һƽԷɣǰŮ˵Ϊɲ⣬˵Ļ϶ʮа˾ǿ϶ģ
ػĵ˭
Ǵܵĵӡ
ʲôһħǳ֮壬ħ֮壬鶼ôΪ츳ٸߣӵʺͻԵٶǿˣҪ۵ľ綼Ҫǧ꣬ҪϣҪΪܲʱ⡭
ԣ˿̵Ҫ󣬾ӵԺΪʵˣ˭ұ֤ܻôãŶڰ·زˡ
Ϊǿ̫ˣҪΪܣҪԴ֮壬ҪдԵûиͻԵܳΪܣ
ַǴܵݣԻӣ
ַֻһͨˣǴܵĵӣ鶼Ҫȥӣ
ܾ֮µˣû˸ȥܣ
˵֮УеĴܣһоܻһ棡ǿߣ˭ȥ
ػŵȫǺɱˣɱ˴ܵĵӣԼл·ô
ȻػûлĻݵǲмƭ˵ġ
Ȼַ˼ͷǳۣǴܵĵˣͷ˻أݵ˳ôһĹϵԺ˵Լкܴĺô
ַ˳е˿Ŀڴ
ԼֵĿţַ֮󣬼æԼ˿ռַָǵ⡣
ûַ֪ʲôܽǺεǿ
ʱҲˣʱľս콻֮ʱսˣڵһģһҶ²⣬һַֽţû˸˵
Խ˳һڣַǰ棬˽ĸַ
ЩַѾ˵ߡ
Щɢ񶼺Ŀռ壬ҲַܴӿռԶַ硣
߽ȥ֮ȴһء
һɽ֮ϣɽƣͱڣɽм䣬һǧƽ׵ɫɫĺˮ֮µɫĲơ
˿̣ˡ
˿˽æӺ˳ǰ
ʱһʮµ˿Цλãҽӭء
ַأ
ǵģɫˮ٣Ȼ龳ϵ٣ֻҪȥתһλ٣ٺͻ֮ʱһģһǵĪĺô
ַ˺һᣬԭǰˣһѾٶꡣ
ַ˵ˣǴٶˡ
˶ַȼɢǳ飬Һһ㣬ʲô˵ʲôǶԺľЩ䵭
źľ˽ַ磬˲ŶԺľ
ҿó˲ϲʮˡ
˿˶ַΪģҲǲ첻ѣôԸɢ֮£
ַ˽⵽ﲻǰΪٵ塣
ͻ֮ʱٵ˶ѡ˰æֵΪһ֮£ͻ֮ʱӭӵͻƵǸλȫһסȥֵĻˣ߻ħ֮߱ɱñ˰æס٣ԼֻһС٣ͶĴȻҲͼˡ
⡮ءǽĵطһΣ
⡮ءԭھŮĵ̣̹ŴµϡءǧǰŮռ֮æ࣬͸˿ռ֮û뵽
Сٻʱϵ߸;ֻҪ㹻ʱ䣬ÿʱӭϵ٣ܸ֮ǾŮ䱦أû뵽͸ռ֮񡣡
ȻãǶԾŮѾûжˣ˵ɾʹҪҪأ
ַһأתһתƽĺˮͻȻӿһɹصʡ
ܿ죬֮֮ɫˮ˺һ֮ѷ죬һɹַ
˶ܵһת٣
ַ粢ûеֵҲûзΪٸ˲ͨ˲ˣҪ˵ַǳ֮ħ֮ˡ
ǾٵϴַܵһЩ翵Ķָоֻһ׽ʲôֺʲôûио
ǶĸָǰﲻκæֻԼȥˡûľ٣Ǵħ½ġħ١Ҳħӡȥ˰ٷ֮ʮϵֻаٷ֮ħˣԣȱٵľٵϴͶĸЩܸܵ
ַովһ٣ַ˼ӣʱϵеɣȥһ͸򵽶ˣҲ̫˰ɣҶһٶˣ˲¼ǧΣҲųɹĸĸ򡭡
ַڲ֪ÿٶܸʲô
ַתһתһתٺͷŵС޼ǲûиʲô
ţַ綯תٱһת֮ʱֹһַץסһĸ򣬵ָһֶţַָоתĸһתĸܵĽһ
ַʲôǺֿ塣
ַϣֽеڤָ߱ˣ찡
ʱ磬£㶼ˣó˰ɡ
ַɫǳŹ֣ˣ
ľ﷭ŰۣΪأĸˣһһ£ڶ£ǿڸûд㡣
ַƣַԼõʱӶûУ
ʱָľʱԽԺ󾳽Խкô£͵Цɣ㻹ʱ䳤ô
ַϰԡ
ÿεٶһΪ˽ͻӰ쵽˵١
ȥһȻһת٣ûʲôʮûʲô򣻺ˣһδεתϵٲϵ򺮱˹ûһĸ
ʮӹ󣬺ޱȾɥĴ˳
˶һһ٣ûһܸһ˼ת٣ֱӰԼ˶ûи򵽡
˿̣˵ĿⶼֵֹĿַ磬ַһȥ͸ܵΣ
ַ˫һ̯ǲҪңҲ֪ʲô
ַأʹתٹַָһֶŵ
θǰθֽܵνһַ翵ĸһЩ
ս˶ˡ
û֪ʲôַԼҲ֪
ʱַ磬һֱûозֲĹϵɣһֱ㶼ͨħֵħΪģͻ֮ʱҲûƿû٣ԣûо٣㾭٣ɣͬһپΣڶԺҲûˣҲӦ
ַûֹͣ١
ܿ죬һʱȥˣַ羭ת٣ַһ߸͵Ȳסˣֱȥ˵ڶ㣬ֻкľﻹȴַ硣
ﶼ˺öˣҲûдȥ˶ɢȻͬһˣǶͬ£ǰĲ֮ɱʮˣǲҳȥΪһľٳȥ
ȻǵĳԺȶ⣬ÿﶼҪˣϿ϶кܶණߣ磬겻ԶҲ
ʮҲ֪ɱˣΪǵĳ˶ѾȥǵˡǼȥ㡣
ȻǽĺܶǰĲ㶼ɱʮˣеȥˣе˻صڶˡ
ڶ꣬µʮ˽ˡ
ַԾϰһˣ̫˼ˡ
սĸˣɢˣɢѾĸǰˡ
ϳ˷ľͺˡ
ַҲû뵽ʤˡ
ս˶Ժľ˶ɱ⣬ûж֣Ҳûս˶Ǹɢǽصá
ԣ˼ʮˣѾ꣬ʮˣ֪˶ˡ
սϴս˫ˡء
֮һ٣ûκεĸǼӴٵ
ս˫ƿڴزǾŮϵıôôûзӦ
ս˫ٵã٣һһҹ֮ˣȻԺսˣֵҪ꣬ûʲôɣ
ǰһɢսˣҪ꣬Ȼû⣬Ϣʱʮȥͺãһ֮ڸ򲻵ĻǾߡ
ս˫ҵ˼ǣҵĵˣԺڣҵֵ֮⣬˶ˣô
ս˫˰Եʮɢ׷״ŭ
һսˣʲô˼Ǹ˵Ҫ󲢲ߣÿһʱ͹ˣսþʹã
ôǲͬôҪսΪУ
ս˰ԵɢһŭҲŭ졣
ַ֪ɢΪʲôҪɱˡ
ʮΪһȣȫûаЩɢɢƼˣһյĻһɢ񱻱ƼˣǾͻᶯɱˣ
ַҲףΪʲô˿ʼľˣôˡ
ս˫ЦǷŭˣãһᣬɱˣҸһʮʱ衣
ս˫ָǺľˡ
ľЦս˫һ£սʲôˣϰְɣ


494 ôô
ս˫ŭսսҵѪһǰɱսҵֱϵѪ
ս漴ɢ֣
һǷһսͷǺΪѣ֪롣
ˣĸǶˣˡ
ս˫ɢΥҵô
ɢ񵭵Цս˫ɣνѾһûж֣ڱûţǲ߶Ļ͹ԹԵվҪ
Ǻ⣬˳Ϊս˫õĹ߶ˡ
ˣ
ʱɢַ֮ľ˹
˶Ϊ˵Ļˣ˶ˣսǿ϶վս߶һ㡣
Ȼ˸ܵľֻתԲŸҳ֡
֪һǰսսĻԲôóȻ֡
˷˸߿գַ粢ûжǱߵҲûж
˽֣ľվһֶսλ
ַ緢֣ľ֮Ĺͬศɣ
˱֮ͱƵλڽڰˣľûʹӰνܻ֣ܶ
λƵʹ򣬵˸ոտǧ֮ߵľͱֱӴ˵ͷѹ
䣡
һ̣춯صıըֱӽ˴ը˵棡
ľźĸ첲һһӸ߿£ĻӶûдӵͱ˱ꡣ
սʼûһӽ
˾˭Ҳû뵽ľôǿתɱתɱһ򵥣
ַҲ𾪣û뵽ֵ֮ǿ
ĶʣµĸɢĸҪҪǰһ£
˶ͷ亹ĬȻǲͺ˴
ս˫˲֣ŭĸҪ췴ô㲻֣ɱǣ
ɱ˿ʲôɱĸսˣֻʣ
ʱͻȻŭӵĵ̣˭ɱɢ񣬾ս˫ʵһ㣡
ַ絭Цֵܣ֧㣬վߣսǸƨ
ս˫ɫͱ䣬ɢĵλ͸ūһ㣬ھȻǣ
ǣս˫ʱ״ﲻ棬ɱ֪˭֪
Լ߾ˣʣµĶɢߵˣﻹҶ֣
ս˫ЦӽãǼƽϣһ꣬Ȼ뿪
Ц㲻ƽǰɣǼƽϣɱǣѵôô
ս˫ҲǷˣЩɢʮˣѵҪЩɢվһͬô
ޣַʺôûҷսôʮôˣʮӶҰʮ˴һ飡ϵۺҲô㲻ô
һ㶣ΪַĴ󵨶Ȼͬʱһ⣬ôܳʺ
ս˫ɫ࣬ǻ˰꣬û˸ǰô
ս˫ֽе֣ͺҵ
ַЦСɫҵôֻʣˣһϰɡ
СӣȻҾͳȫǣ
˫Ҫ֣ڤֵ֣һϰɣ
ַ΢Цлֺ⣬һ㹻
˵ַ꣬˸߿գս˫ô𣿡
ս˫˿̵Ȼ£Ѿȫʵʲô˶
ս˫ɫǳѿʱԺľ˵λǰһᣬǶʮˣЩɢңҪͷӦòǰֿУλԮ֣һ񱨣
һɢս㶼ҽӣ˼һս㶼ϣ㣬㻹ĺս죡һǰսʱüͷҲգһ£ֱǶս
ս˫ǿľսǳǿͬʮˣֻܺͺľϣųȥŵ󺮱ľ
ս˫ŭ죬ϻЦݣλǻûпôɱսˣͻԸ
ЦѾһˣ㿴˭ԸˣҲһ㣬ͷϷɵǵĴ磡Ĩɾӵɣ
磿
£ս˫ˣʹһɫڶڳ˹ȥ
˴ȣߣ
ս˫˵ٶȷǳ죬գۼҪ嵽ڶڣû׷ϡ
ʱ棬ֱת١
תǺεȵǿֱӽ׷Բĵ֡
ս˫˴Уֻ٣ʱ֮еַ֮˹ȥ˶ȥڶſڡ
ַĶս˫ˣûأߣ
ʱ˹ս˫˰Χ
սģǶˣѣЦˣ
˶ǴЦս˫ҡ
˿̣Ѿ·ӡ
ս˫ãȻһҪսֻù
ַЦ˵ôɣ
ս˫֮ѾȫˣǺεȽƻַ罻ֵĹ֮취
ȥڶ·ڱסˣս˫ĵطȥķǲֵģ
֮ϣַ綢ս˫粻ɫЦս˫㲻Ҫܵעˣܴߵûмɣóǵȫһս
Σַ֣һֱ֣һֱôߣַ粻ѳ֡
ף
ַ֮ڱʱͻȻַǳĸоԼ֮ĿִﵽһµĲΡ
ǰַԼԼѾˣڵս֮УͻȻֶĿִﵽһ߶ȣַ첻ѡ
ﾭһת٣õεȻԼҲ쵼ʲôѾ֮УĿҲһֵı״̬ԣڵսԱ֮ǰҪ˺ܶࡣ
ַоֹǺֱܶࣿǼ
ս˫˿ַ籬֮ͬʱҲַ֮Ժ䣬˿ֱ֮ǿ󣬱˵ټֹ˶һָоԷתΪģصġ
ʱս˫Ĵ뽫ַɱȻ·Ǹľ޴ſڳȥͿԳȥˡ
ǣ˫һɲǣַС屶ϵ֮Ȼս˫ֵ֮ɢ
ַҲû뵽׼֮ʱԼֵ֮Ĵɢˣ
Լǿ˼Ƕתַ֮ʮϣһ֣
͵ǶȫӦõӣǿսһϾ˽֣κڱʱǿģڹ˵սĹ֮УܶĿͻţҲǿģ˱֮ʵ𵽹õĸûȫﵽ򣬻򣬻壬Щ֮Уÿ֮ҲûбеǶȵƿأ㾭٣򵽵ٶһ𣬿˵ĸǴһʼȻĸǽϵɷָģһأǾ֮ʱ˰æǸǶ̽صģͺƬһ޷ϵԣĿƲĿģÿһܵǿ
ַҲܵˣԼÿһ֮Ҫ֮ǰǿʮϣ
翵Ķַеĸܵǿ󣬹ֲǶ׷
ַ֮Ƶڽڰˣò򣬶ͬʱַҲ򣬶ûʹáħַҪԼɱλ
ַԦŵλԺ˹ȥ
¡¡
˿ַλǿ󣬵߶Ժ֮£λתѷ챻˲ҵķ飡
λתû뵽ֻôǿ˿̣˱ҵķ׷׺ˣˡ
̰ǹ£
˵ǽɱǵĹ켣ݻ̺֮޵ǳҲ̺ıԴ˿ַ̣ǳ֮ʹǽҪǽﵽ˺
ַһ֣̰ǹµн˲Ǻһһս˫˹ȥ
֮еս˫ӣ˷һȫѾ˵ʽ
ֻһ·ߣǽһУ
ս˫һв֮ҲͨͨһУ
һдս˫ѹȻȷŶԷѹҪǿ
ʲô
ս˫ֵ֮Ŀ֮ͻȻһ֪ˣһ̺ǿս˫һ֮Ҳʲôǣȴǳ֮屬飡
̫ǿˣ
УǱԴĽϣټӵǳ켣ǽҿ˵ʹһеӰӣҲֻӰӣ㻹Զˡ
ַÿλµ˷֮ʱ鶼ڵһʱַˮ
ַһɱȥǽ֮ϡ
˸Ŀڴ˭Ҳû뵽ַôǿ
ľ˶𾪲ѣַǬҲ̾Сӽ̫ˣ
ַ緽ŵǽ֮иܵһ˿Ϣܽڽ֣ǺεȵĿ£
ܶ˶֪ת֮󣬲׽һŴͻҪ
תǰûκһֱʹϵǿ߲Ľ֮Լ֮֮С
ǣҶַεĽУ֮
˶ףֻתˣǲɵֿģתµûܵס
˶ַĿ࿴
˿ַ̣˵Ҫذռ꣬˿϶ûһ˸ҿΪھ֮£˭
ַԲְԵͲˣ
ַ˿뵽鵱֮ħͨһеĹ̺޵
ַˣԭĶǴܣ
ַ󣬶ĸɢĸȥ԰ɡ
ĸһ㶡
һ˵ЦˣǴ˵ģǲ֮ġ
ǰˣ޵Уǲڴ˵ĵʹô˵Ķ
˷׷׾ܾ˷սİԵ֮ʱɲô˵ģʵĲࡣ
սսˣĸ˺սһսַ֮磬ĸ˸ûĺַһս
ַסˣʺôô
һ磬££˸ղŶɵˣ
˵ʵ


495 ͻƾת
ַʱ˵λǶģҶлؽдҲʲôԵ֮ˣǰѾһ꣬ٺʹʱ䣬ȵ˸֮ɣ롣
ַĻ䣬û˶
ʱڤֵ֣˶Ѿ˶ˣҲûʲôչǼ˿ҲȥȥɣҪˣˣǰ㵲ס
ַǺðɡ
ĸɢûнȥأȥ˵ڶ㣬ַأҲңǶ룬ﶼַˣǵķݣ
ַͻȻ뷨飬ǽذߣ
һأʲôЦԵģǸػߵĶԺǩԼΪܰôǸػߵĶôǡ
ʲô
а취ҵص꣬ȻҵԼǿнԼͿ԰ˣİ취ǵҺһԼϵ˭ҵҵĽԼǿн
ַ˵˵û˵
ǰ᲻ˣػߵַ絹û뵽
ַó˼ƿȪˮмĵرˣռĵַ̣Ҳ˼
˿ַ֮ܵ󼤶뱧סַϼڣַǵĸһ
Ȫˮ˵֮еˮΪмĺôȫܽʸɸߵһǿȣ˭õ˶ϲ
ľǬַǬųΪԼΣַҪĸ
˿ٸ߽֮ʱĿˣѾ߹ַʵû뵽ô£
ַٸ߽գ˭Ҳܽ
ַԺܶ꣬Щս˶ûнء
Уÿʮˣٶ߶ʮһͽʮɱЩɢֻ·˵ڶ㡣
ַʱ䣬龳Ѿȫĸеĸ򶼽һַ˸һ
ַ羭ÿһ٣֮Щ֮ȫܵһиɻ
˵ģ߸򵽵ȫƬַ򵽵ģ
龳ַ֮һִ򵽵нһ֮γһѭͺԼоʱкһ֮󣬴ﵽĳƽ⣬л
ѭѭҪˣַܸܵڣֿĥ
ַоĵԼ龳еľѾˣȱ
龳ˣַϢһᣬ˶æԼģûַ硣
ҶѾַĸ𾪵ľˡ
鵭ĵǳɾʹܵĲϣ˶̶̵ʱ䣬龳ѾԲˣ뵱ǧʱ䣬Ž龳Բ
ػ߲ĵԲ
һͻƣ٣ƬΪǵٶ˰æסˣԼ޷סٵԣǸҪﵽԲҪƬνӣԼĸȥȫЩƬķ϶ЩƬһѭԲƾԼĸȥȫ̫ˣѾʧȥĻᡭҪ¿ʼĥչظֳȥĥֱָԲܳɹһԲܻһͨĶҪɱ㣬һתͿɱ㣬Ϊҵ֮龳Բ
ػ亹ֱܽˣ
ܵõָ㣬һ仰ǧ껹Ҫ
١
ٱ龳ҪǿٱϣÿһתٶһתٶҪǿʮϣ
ַоٸ򵽵һֲΣһµĿʼ龳Ļ֮ϣศɡ
ѶϢڸַ磬ֻ龳һƽ⣬ܴƽ⣡
һ¥һ㣬ػȣǵٺãᵹ
һתתתת
ַ绨ʮһʱ䣬ת
ַǳ֮壬ת˲ˣ
ַ羭ת֮ͻȻﵽͻƵıԵ

ַûκƿͻƣתӭͷ£
ַûκȥֵַ粻ҪҪٴԼ壡Լʴﵽ
¡¡
תٵַ飬ֻǱѣһ㣬ת֮Ѿıַ
ʮַ֮ոսת֮ȫӭת٣
ַٴͻƣ
ַûκεȥεٱתҪǿʮϣ
ʱһߵֽУת٣ôǾתҪǿϼʲôͻתʱҲ
Ϊͻƣ
ͻƣ⣬˵֮ǰΪֻת
ǣһֱתܾˡ
찡
˿ˣתɱתֱǴ˵
ʮʱ䣬ͻһ㣬ոոͻƣ⻹ô
Ľʺް
תַ飬ֻ첲ûˣ屻ʮַ粢ģѾȪˮӿַ壬޸ַ壬ȻЩ뽻ΪַҪûʱȥȪˮ
ַһǼʮ꣬⼸ʮʱ䣬ͻָˡ
徭һδٵϴѾﵽһֲּĸ߶ȣ
ַ壬תȫһƤˣ
תתת
ٶȥˣַͻתת֮Ҳﵽһƽ⣡
ַΪͣתľ磬׵ͣͲǰ
ͻԲˣʮҲһս֮ȻԴ򲻹ǣĶûġ
ַ飬ô˵ô
ַԼ֮˴ǳ
ף
͵֮п϶дǳ֮ǳ֮һղˣɲСˣ
ַﾲһ٣ַ֮в׽һ˿ǳ֮
ַϲ֮ڵǳ֮Կǳ㣡
ԴԴϵǳ֮֮תѨλ֫ٺƤϸ

ʱַ֮ڽǳϡ
˵㣬ͿǳɱСǳ
ǳĹֻôһɱУĶǸʺꡣ
ǳзǳʵҪǳߣַѾԶԶĳԽеҪ
ֻһʱַǳ𣬶ַ˵ȥУзǳ򵥺ֱӣǽǳԴȫ汬ǿյȥɱˣ
֮ǽҪǿʮϣ
ַ֮󣬿ǧ׷Բǿգһ
ǿպȻǿһ㣬Ҳܲһ˿ɱ˵ĸоƽַ֪ͣһ͵˶УƽһƣǾ춯ص
ַϣ˲һµ
ͻת֮󣬵Ѿһ߶ȣﱾеĶûһ㣬ڣַȴܵһɹϢ
ӡĴм˽⵽
εڵĻ꣬ÿ϶
ַ֪ڽһָ߶ȣ
ַǳ⣬νҲǳ⣬ûдַ硣
ַˡһ
֮ǰַ罫һ޽չڣַоޱȣˮɵĸо
ַףһҲҪ֮ĸ򲻵޷ͻơ
˵ħ޷һ㣬ɼŹѶ֮ߡ
ַ˿ֱ̣ͻ˵㣬͵㣬ֱӵ˵߲㣡
ַҲû뵽֮죬˵߲㣬ͣˡ
ַͻȻоǰһϵĸоԼǸ߸ϵ񣬶Ǻͨһ㣡
ʲôѵĺ;ʮһսô
ϵǸַܵϢж𺧲ѣΪϢϸܵȻַϢϢʮǧҲǲӵģ
ַ缱æԼϢǧ񹦽ԼϢıͨתϢ
ַʻ˶ˣ
ĵһǧ˰ɣ
ɶһǧꣿ
ַһĿڴоֻмʱѣ
ʱ˺ܾãҲӦһǧ갡
˶ʾǽһǧʱ䣬ַǳƣַûԼҲܱչһǧꡣ
ַϰ֮󣬽׷ȥ˵ˣÿҪһʱ䡭
Ҳ
ַɲЩϼһǧ꣡
Щϼһ˵ǰתۼţַ粻Լʱ˷
ַȥչַɱˡ
ַʱմȣػߣҪأ
˿ַ̣оԼһܴػߣ
ַûǿʱַ統ȻŵĿػҪأַúػһս֮ԲŴҪء
ʵҪԡ
һ̣ػߵӰַǰַǧһֱ֮ػһֱǿģֱַͻת
˿̣ػߵȷѾַĶ֣ػȻתǿߣ͵˽ֲÿÿʽܱ֮
һûе۵Ϊ֮бƱмǧѣ
ַػЦ£ҪأӦûʲôɣ
ػЦҪҿ㣬ҸôõĶҲӦʾһ°ɣ
˿̣ػ߶ַȫһƽȵ̬˵
˶Ǵ۾ػôô˵ַһ仰ðϵıˣ
ػߵ˼ףҲܰװ׸㣡ַ統ȻҪ˵Ķûʲô
Щ
ַóʮ֮ǧȪ˼ٸ֮
ǡ
ػ֮ɫܸܵʮƿѾﵽһ޷ĳ̶ȣҲϲʲô
Ȫˮľ֮ȻȲأǣԶʺΪкܶ
ػ˫ֲ⡭Ǵ˵е֮찡
ػ˺þã֮ƽһعȻǾ֮ĸѾеǧ궼ܲһ˿֮˻ʱ˷֮ϣǧʱ䣬ȥȥشǧ꣬ÿܸ֮ض˵ǺҪԸ˵ԣڸܵõ;
֮˵ı;󣡡
ػ˵꣬˺صԼؽַ硣
ص겢ֻ꣬ĳʶӦѣڽİ֮£ַ˳ĺǩԼ


496 Ĳ
ص껹ڽ״̬ҲֻǳȻصҪѶ̫ߣǰǩԼʱصʶ֮иһЩ֮Ҳ˵ʶ̬Ľ˵ص״̬ǲܵġ
Խô
ֻ֪ѣߵת״̬ѡ
ַ罫ذ˵ΪǬĹͳܲסһδٵϴ߽٣ܽǬ飡
ֵõ˽һĽô顣
ַոأٸϹȲĴͽ˵
˿ַأǴҲûʲô壬ַڤ֣Ըڤңڤֳȫ
˵һֱַôǿҲûгƺΪˣȻ׸֮
ַȻʶã˻˼ҵĵ̣˼ûطȥˣҲֻý
ַЦ¸߸λҵݺ⣬ҵĿǾ磬ǸҾҪʱ׼һңҵˣҲùأѻ뿪·һ
ЦڤֵʵǴһﶼˣЩɢһûʲôڸڤ֮ãѾĺܵˣֻһ档ڤֵݣͲҪҪڤֵʵƷЩӺڤֻڤֵദڤǸܲˣֻҪڤǾͺãһڤɱ磬޶ģ
ãȻˣҾ͸ǰɣһħ
ԣһ㶣ЦħҾڤһ㶼һħһĻȱ֮ĵѡЩӣҺѾ֪ػΪΣ²ΪΣڤħҲ֮ħˣǺǡ
ػռ䣿²ΪΣٸϹ˵ʲôˣ
ħ
ַЩַԼһˣҲִ֮ˡ
ַ罫ˡ
ַľ˵ڶ㡣
꣬ǰĲǳϤһǶн֮˵ĽڶǶԴҵĿ顣
ڶǻþ飬Ҳĥߵԣֿûоþ˾һսһʧ󣬾ͻʧأþӶħ
ַ֮ǰƵ֮ڵĻþ֮ѾһΣ϶Եڶˡ
Ƕַ缸˵⿼ûһѹ
ַ֮罫ǧ·˳ڵڶĥ
һǧ˹أǧ˲ħַ˵չ£Ǵӻþ֮˻
ΪǶĿ飬ľ־ֱ֮Ȼǧ˶츳ߵˣܳסþѹΪþѹ
ռ꣬ǧȫӦĻþ֮󣬴Ҳ˵㡣
ַǧµ־;ĥһǳߵľ磬Ժ˳ͻûġ
ڼ䣬λͻһת
㣬ȫһɱַ˸ո̤룬ǵصɱϯ
Ȼ̶ֳȵɱӰ첻ַģǺľɫһƬ԰ס
ԽߣɱԽأΧɱγʵʻĻӰǣЩӰĹÿ˵࣬Ҳ˵ÿ˵ĶֶǺԼΪ;Ķ֣쳣ǿ޷ֻƾԼǰֻɱӰӦĻɱûӰ죬ǲܹء
˽ߵ𽥳ĺǣܶ˶
ֻҪÿ˵ɱɱﵽһƽ⣬ɱȫӰ첻ǣǲ˳ͨһ㡣ȻЩϰɱǿҪСˡ
ַоռɱԼӰǳСûһû˵ôа
Ϊ̫ˣɱͺüΣػѾûˣĿռѾûвĥһ°ɡ
һɱ֣ɱӦǳǿǴʱĺľ˵ĸܵ˷ǳǿѹ
һᣬֵɱǶƵĥӦĻôԺԼߵˣǵϢӰ쵽Լȷһ
ľ˺ܿӭԼĵˣ˵ĶֶһõĺɫӰս֮ߺ˲£ңЩӰȻܿΧɱ
ɱѾʵʻɱǷǳֲģսڼӰ쵽ֵϢǣֹУһӰܻᵼ±
ľս֣ҪֹɱֺӰʶνǿսһ𣬻ǽӰɱ
ɱӰȻʮӵʱ䣡
ɱӰ֮󣬺ľ˶ͬʱоΧɱǵӰСһЩ˶ףѾӦɱ
ܿ죬Ӱν֮Ҫ֮ǰҪһЩӦЩɷá
һ·֮ϺľһֱӰ˶û
ʱַ罻ʼǵĵӦռ䡣
һӱų֮ɱֱѹȵλתѪ㽣
⻹ǰ֪֮ɵĽɼɱǺεȵǿ
ȪˮʦסΧɱųһɱӦſռɱ
ȵɱ˺в֮ʱʦӦռɱ
ܿ죬һӰ֣ӰɱȥӰΪһתϣ¾ͽˣʦʱ֣Ӱ
Ȼ鱻ˣǶռɱӦôһ㡣
ǣȪˮָ֮󣬵ڶκͺӰսһδε֮󣬶ԿռɱӦҲԽԽ࡭
ھʮ֮ս֮ͻˣ
ΪѹӴÿκͺӰֶ֮ս֪ʦţҲͲ±Լ˼ĺӰÿζսǷȫԸޱ
һδαˣһδս
ּȵѹһδεཻ֮£鱬ˣͻˣ
ȻͻƵ٣ҪΪ鵲һ֣սĻҲǳ¶Եֵٺû
龭ٶζս֮ͻˣ
ͻƺѵõĻκ˶ģκʱȥôõи֣ǵˣһ
ĺӰɱˣֻٴγ֣滹ʦĥǧѷĻᣡ
ǣǧƴչˡ
ȻַṩȪˮôʹãֻ֮
һ˵ʣصˣֻҪȪˮͻȬַ̬壬˵ĻҪȬúü֮
˶ʮ꣬е鶼һɫͻƵһת
ַҲû뵽Щȡôĳɾַͣο
ÿַ綼ǴȪˮȥħɭõĵرһ֡
ЩĵرһĻ֮ǳȳĻҪһޱḶ́ȪˮĽ֮£һҪǧܳĶʮͳˣ
ЩҪʱĶ༸¼ͿԳ졣
֮µӣֻµĵر
ԣַ粢ġ
ͻ֮ȫӦռɱȥȥ
ʮ꣬ǽˣʮҲȫɱЩɢҲҵˣӦĿռ󣬶׷ȥ
ĲһޱȾ޴Բοռ䣬˷ˮ汬תϵЩÿʱÿ̶ݺύţӱʼײռֻ֮ᵯǣռ䴩һţҲһţҪڣҪĿռ䴩ȥ
ʱĲ㣬˶ȥߵԶģǧ֮͹ȥˣﻹûеģܼĳ̶Ҹ޷ܣǰǵĻмʮˣܶ˶ĲˣҲ֪Ĳ㵽Ҳţתܴȥ
ʱҲˣǰ鴩ҡͷ̾Ϣ
ܼҪԽȥҲѣеԼеĹ߻Ҫٶȡﵽƽ⣬ݺύ֮дȥеܹȥһСһƽͻᱻƣͻȫй㣡תҲ˲ҷ𣡾ͻѶȵҹȥΣա
һֻ֮ȥ磬ܵı¾µһˣҺ͵սڵһʱƿȫ֣ڵһʱжϳ˵ĹλеȵȣĻأԱԼǿǿ߶ڲ֮أ
ַȹȥɡ
ַ绰䣬ֱӳ˽ȥӵʱѾǧ״
˶ɵˣôܼôȥģ
ȻַڵΪ㲻ʱЩĹĸţһ
ַʮ֮ˣԴҵ㵽ܹףĵΪܼҪȥǳѣתȥҲǳСҽһ취
ַתһȦѾеԭоķǳ͸
ﱾһȦеһѭ˭ѭеڵһʱ乥ѭǸˣɱǸֻ֮תѭ˵Ҫ򣬷ǳ򵥣Ҫһ˹ҪŽһ߹ȥͿɵĹأ
һڤ֣һһ˴ƽ⣬˶Ƕһ˹ڵȡ
ַЦһˣﲻĥǵķӦٶȺͶĿƣҲĥǵŽͶԻΣ
һ˹ҲȲˣȻΪﵽ磬ȫԿƺѹ϶һ˹ȥתµ˾ͲУҸ顣
ַ˽ȥȻվԭأǰһַлַûжܣַ֮ռѭңڵһʱ䣬ַӰһԱߵַλãôռƽⱻȫˣû
˶ףַһֻԼ˸ûʱ䣬Ӧ
ȻҵǵΪǲܵģǣѾƽ⣬֮ˣ

ʶңʶ㣬һߡסʶܹעԼȫңȵҴ֮󣬾ҵͽˣȸ㣬Ҳ֣Ȳңˡ


497 Ҫȥ磡
һͷ亹ǰַĻˡ
˸ո˼һַĺ󱳣ڻûеַ֮ʱԱһַλãַϵʧһ˻ַƽⲢûбơ
˳һԵǻһ
ַ˳Ҷˣŵʵ֤ǱԼûʱģΪʱ򣬹Ѿϣʱ˹϶ˣڵһʱȥȣѭͻңǾͻ
ǣڵһʱ䷢ΣգȻֻ֮УǲѶԷΣգһѵĻԷͻңһͷʱ䣬ͻ˱
ԣҪˣҪûбеʱ򲹾ȣƽͲᱻƣֻҪΧһȦÿ˶ߵһˣǵҲγһѭ˳߹ȥҲˣȶһģǼҲɱǡ
ڴҶַķȷǸЧķ
ڰԼߵˣһ˳˶
Ȧַķǣһȫ
ֵַҶҵķȤĻԣûȤĻֱӴҹȥͺá
˶Ըȥһ¡
ãȻҶҪǲ־˵ģȫԼ
ȻַǣҪ£ַһֵġ
˸ʼΧһȦȥ
ϲģҵˣ㿴õ㣡
ϲģģ㡭
ҽţȥ֮˶ͣСǰС
ַʶһֱŰ˸ˣ˳£ַһʱͻȡ
ַЩпǰǿַӵģԮַ磬ڣ˫ȫһλãַ籣ˡ
ʱ֮󣬰˸ͨȦ˽ŵڷ
׼ͨǰ˸תһȦԭ·أصʱ֮һʱ
֮󣬻ȷһѭѭһĹɣֻҪǰպɣȥ磡ϢɣҺ߸ϲļ߼ȦϤĻɡ
оҹǰѾĶȦѭһ˽⡣
¹󣬻һ󵨵ľһͨ
ַڰбŻֻʱ˳ͨ
֮󣬻һ˼оһ֮󣬻Ȧȥ磬۾Ҳ߳ȥ
˴ϲ
ΧȦȻЧ»һ˹ڼҲ˲⣬ַ綼һһ
ʱ䣬ַ˰ǧȫӦ
ǧ˶ȥ磡
ݺύȦͺԼһ㣡
ÿ˵ٶȡܡݺͶƿֻ֮¶˼ߡ
˵ģֵطȥĻԺܵı¿µһˡ
ַ֮ԼսǬǰ
˵㡣
һڰĿռ䣬ոսȥһõӰˣǸػͷĻӰ
ӭ㣬Ĺǳ򵥣ɱߵһ˾Ϳȥ㣬ȥ㣬ʹߵͨȥǵ㡣
˵꣬ߵĻӰʧ
ɱԼĻ飿
˶һ㶡
ַߵ˲һ壬Ǵһʶһֻս֮ϽʶģڹĲʱ򣬴ҺòŽһ𣬰ԼԷҵĹϵ϶һ㣬˵Ǳ˴Ρ
ڣȴɱߵˣ
ַ粻֪ôģԶԿصʬǣ϶ɱԼĻ顣
ַҲȥˣ߰ɡ
ַҲȥ㿴ĥַԸҪ
ַ˽ǵͨ
鿴ַߺػߣΪʲôİţ
ػߵǶԵĿ飬ǽˣڵһ㣬ҸǺܴĺôȻΪôͻɱˣ˱˴֮ѾγһŶӣڶ͵㣬ҲŶӵĺϵֻǺͨͨþ飬ߵ˱ͨɱҲҪԱߵչˣŶӾѾı˴ΣܹĲˣұܵŽһ𣬱˴Σ˴˰ĶԷ˵ĲĿ飬ŶӾѾܵŽһšһΪһ
ڵ㣬Եʱ򣬺ܶ˶ΪԼɱߵˣŶӾͻ飡׵ķ飡ôнŶӶˡַŶһŶӣΪַŶ޵еģ˻ַ£ַ粻ȥ㣬˿϶Ҫַߣԣǧһ߳ˡ
Ŷʲô
ػߵֻ㣬ûе㣬һ֮õʱ塭

ǵ㣬һɽ֮У˵ĵһоԼǿ֮С
̧ͷȥǿǹҫһʵĸо
ǿ֮ϾǾ磡ÿһҫǾÿһȻתʮʮΪҫ۵ǡ
ַھͿԷȥô
ԣȻԡ涼תˣ㵱Ȼȥȥȥʮأȥϵۺ۱ڵΪתһûȥ鷳϶̣㻹ʵʵǵŰɡ
ַʽ飬ô
갡תˣ֮ôѾģû߹ô߾ת飬ֲˣô֪ȥΪܰⲻ۸ô
ΪʲôͻȻŭΪ飬תǽ߾ˣԺ󣬽ľԶѹסַˡ
ַ֮ܵת֮켣֮ϾͿôȥ
ÿתҪŸȷһľ֮󣬱ͿɷԼʱ꣡ͿԴﵽһʵҿݸ֮
ңڷͻ֮ʱͨ
Ҫͱĸ߶ȣǲܵģͨԲǿԵģģ̫ˡ
ŸͨһҪŸˣʮ֮⣬û
ַƣëҵѾޱ޼ˣҲԲˣΪʲôҪȥ
ͻۣȫ֮ﵽһַǳǳֲ
ַұ֤ԼʡѾ۵Ҫ֮
ַ̫֮ˣ˿ַַֿ֮Уǧоûˣ
ľתÿһ˶ǧǧǵ֮ԴԴϣǲչԼꡣ
ռַ̫֮ˣַҲȥһ̫˷ʱ;ˣȵԼ죬֪ȥˡ
ַȱٵ֮֮Ļ϶ͻۣ
Ҫȥ磡
ַѾˡǵ㣬ҲǸ֮඼תתԣַ粻Ҳû˼ȥ롣
ַĿ꣡
ҲӽĵطȻ˵ַھͿԷȥַȻȲ
ַڵΪҲӦȥ硣
ַᡶһɱ֮İ취
ְ֮취һȥռ佻Ȫˮȥȡ֮ܿ죬Ǳ˶ϣ̣ڶȥĽ紦ɱáһ֮ھְ취
ַȥռ佻ΪԼӵ֮ҲΪԼˣֵܺǶǬû뿪ַġ⡯
ֱַǿշȥһʱ֮˾硣
类һϵƽǵֻֿĸڣĴš
ַţַ絲ס
ǾתɷǣϢַ绹Ҫǿ
ַǳ죬ôǿ
֪ʲô˶Ҫ֮Щ֪ҪԶٻؿۡ
ַ磬䲻ȵʵĸˣ

ַ˵ó˷ơ
ţ渽ƣһ֮ͿԽȥˡ
ַûּۻۣһ֮
ַ绹ûԶһɵӣһҲǷˣ
һ̣һӰԼǰ
˵˭ɵأ
ô붯ô
˵ǸַԻĹǣǵ̬Ѿŭַ硣
ַЦҪɱ㣡
ֱַӿ˵ұߵײ˹ȥ
ͬʱַײȥ
䣡
תȻ·磡
Сӣ۴˵ˣ
ַЦǣ
ǽ
ֱַʹ̰ǹ£ߵɱȥ
˿̵ǽתĹ켣֮ǿַ綼಻ѡ
ַ翴ԼĽֻǵԷǧ׾֮ʱѷѾ飬屻ǧ
ַȻԼһɱһת
ַ֪Լͻת֮еﵽһֲɴĦĸ߶ȣټ֮һɱַû뵽⼸ɱ
ұߵ󾪣㡭ۣܡ
˶ֻ֪۵Ĺ֮ϲŻ֮
ûʲôܵģ
ַʹǽǿַ֮ɱ֮£һжữΪС
תɱַ罫ǵ֮ȫɡ
ַţ˵Ŀռ佻ķȥ
ַߺ󲻾ãһƯƵ֮ϣһ޴ˮ￴һӰ񣬶ӰַɱӰ
ߵ磬˵ǲ۾ǿߣ
ۣڿЦôʮҲǧǰˡһ͡ħһ֮ͻ˳ۣΪǰײô
磬˵һʹýд֮ǿΪϹèӣͻȻƷ󱬷ʹ֮ɱڶ֮ʱҲ֮ѵϹèϻôʹ֮ôô磬ô
ұߵ֪Ϊûôʹ֮٣ǾۣǴģһ޷ȥˣҲУΪϻôֻھſ֣ܳĿռһת
ǣ磬ôͣô죿Լǻ㱨棿
ΪǴô㱨棡ǷˣӰϿƲǼٵģȥһºܿͻ֪˭


岿 սħ 


498 ռ佻
˿̵ַѾ˾Ͽգ֪Ѿϵ۵˶ˡ
һ磬ַо޾ǿﵽŨЩԡůһ
ַ޾ǿգһȡ
磡ˣ
ݼһҵ㣡
ħŮһˣ
˵֮Уӽĵطͷ޾ǿգַţԼһ죬Լɨ磡
磬ԿƯǿ֮еĴ½Щ½Ǹ
һ·֮еܶ࣬඼תתתǳټ
ҹַڷɵ˿ռ佻Ƭ½
òɣκν׶ܱ¶Լݣռ佻ʲô˶У֪ô౦ͻᱻΧɱ
ַǧ񹦣Ҫòô
ռ佻ÿ˶òģѾĲأʲôģ˭֪㣡
ַò
ò沿һƬõĸоһƬƣ˭ҲǸ˵ò
䵽˵棬ַƬ½ڣ˵Ǵ½ʵһ﷽ԲĳУƯǿ֮С
֮ϰٸÿһһɫתǿߣЩûò
ռ佻˷ǳַ࣬翴ǰļҲòǽȥ֮ʱÿ˶ʮ֮
ַ߹ȥҲʮַ֮Ҫȥ֮ʱԱߵһɫˮ˾
㣬վס
ʮϢַ硣
ַת£ʲôô
ַ磬£һɣ
ǣһ
鷳㽫Լһ֮ˮ򣬲Ҫϴ֮ԣҪϢ
ҵ֮϶ҪϴԲܵң˲ա
Ŷַ粻⡣
Ϊ˷ֹκ£ҵòصģɱ˱˭֪˭˭ǽȥˣҪˮ֮Լ֮Ϣ˷£ǻڵһʱͨˮѰǸ˵֮ϢҵǸˡĹ򡣡
ðɡ
ַ
ֵģҸһ㣬治£ҲУΥˣֻ·һ
ַ˳ǣеǸ¥ãЩﶼǼƷʯɣһҲ䲻顣
飬ռ佻˭ĵ̣
ۺϵ˵ĵ̣ȷû˸£һ߳µ˾Ͷȥˡ֮ҪСģԼкܶ౦Ҫκ֪ȥȪˮʱ֮
ռ佻ȫǾתÿ˶ԼòϢһ£ڽֵ֮ϣ˶һɫ
Уһϵ۵Уһ۵С
һ㶫ڶ
ȻһģֻҪãҪ
һޱȺĽɫΪ㣬ÿһа֮ߣʮƽףʮˡ
ַ罻һ֮볡ѣԱһļˮʱֻҪˮ۶ʦǰ漸ʮ׸ߵľ޴ˮĻ֮Ͼͻʾĳۣڳ˶Կĳۡ
һ֮ߵ̨̨֮ϣʦһ˷׷׳ۡ
ַ类ֳˣֳʮˣ˷λڿһ㡣
ȻͿͬǣֳ˶Ǻòʦ֮⣬ֳһƬžûһ˵
ַڵҵԼλã֮󣬸оԱߵ˻ɢϢģַҲǧ񹦻ûһϢԼλϡ
ѾʼһʱƷ
ʮ˲˴඼Աġ
ַ￴ȻеԼĶ
һϹϹžںƶɣǿ׼һַ֮ʱ򣬼۸Ѿﵽǧ򣡶ʱַ绹û¼ʮ룬۸Ѿﵽǧ
ɼ˾ж
ʱ׸̨֮Ͼ޴Ļ֮ϳһ֣ڣ۵ǰľߺš
һ´ǧڣû˼Ӽˡ
ǳأԼǵλˮԣ㽫۸ȥͻʾڰ׸̨ľ޴ˮĻ֮ϣû֪һ˳ļۡ
̫ˣַҲõԼᱻ˶ϣڲˡ
ڲ˻᲻£û֪
ʱǸڵĿ϶ˣⶫ˵ֵһڣ˵;Ǻܴ󣬵Ƕ˵ı۸һ´ǧᵽڣһȻӼۣǸˣⶫڱصã
Ȼ˼Ӽ֮ûټӼۣʦһ
ַֿ˼һ񼶵ҩÿǼֵǣ
Щռ˵˵һִ˵ھ磬ȴǺܶ˶Ķ
ַ¥ȥеĸˡ
еĸ˷ǳңֻ֮Ҫͳһɫ·ؿŶмֵ˾еˡ
ַҵһеˣַ˵⣬˷ǳĽַһķ䡣
£
ַ֮󣬺ܿϲ衣֮󣬷ֻʣˡ
䶼ΣκϢȥ
ܣҶҽǮ꣬Ҫʲôأ
ǮꣿַЦǱסˣǸ⡣Ȼַֻ֪һŶѡ
ַû˵óһСƿȪˮ˹ȥ
ǮƿӣʵʻƮɢڿУƿӣȫһ
ҪרҵԱȥ飬Եȡ
ǮóһˮһЩϢ֮һ˽ˡ
ʦȪˮڱӱһ£ָ˸ӣʧһֶǾ޴ʧһ㡣
ʦŽǮ˵ͷȥˡ
ʣˡ
ǮǴ˵֮еȪˮ׼ڣǷ⣿
ַоѣһСƿôֵǮڣ
ַ绹û˵˵ͷ
׼ʵҪȪˮı׼㣬һʱͻᳬڣ
ȻôıŸ߶׼ۣ裡
ˮţǸµĶţµƷѾˣĶ¸µһȻѹƷ֮ˮϵǵĹԱͺá
ַӹһССɫˮ򣬶Ǭȥˡ
ǶʮСʱУÿʱÿ̶ַһֱţҲһԱ
ǿ͹ĵҩȣַ綼Ȥϴ඼Щ
ַ翴ҹҪߣʱһַ硣
ʦǰתά˹طµ򣬵Ȼֻά˹һǣƽԺ޹ֻҪˣͿֱӺԼƶԼĹȫγںϡ
ʦһ֮󣬽ھϸչָˡ
Ļ֮ʾȫλɫɽɭֲԭǳеĹ;ɫÿ˵ﻮ
ﶼ඼ǳɾϲģκα֮вжϸʮа˾ţԣʦҲ˵컨׹κƷֻʵ˵ЩƷļֵ
ã˶ѾҲһļ۸ʼ׼ǧ򣡡
ַʽ飺ҲУ򶼿
ǺǣȻԵĶ٣ûйûԣҪӴȥϴˢԺ͹򣬻Ҫ򲻱ѣģ۾ͿԣΪ۾ͿԴ죡򣬴򵥵ȻҪ̵Ҫ𾳽Դ࣡ÿһҪԼһ˿꣬ЩഴҲԼͽѣֻм򵥵ʶֻЩõ֮Ҫ࣬˵֮дܿԴֻǴ˵ѡ
ַ˽𺧲ѡ
۵˺ܶ࣬ûмʱ䣬ļ۸Ѿڡ
ַҪۣȵȰɣļ۸Ӧǧڵǧңڳ۵˶￴ˣûгء
ַ˽Ļڵȡ
ܿ죬۸ǣһӹѾǧڣڳ۵ˡ
ǧڣ
ַ翴Ļһǧڡ
һ£Ȼ̧ۣôڸˣƷڱصã
ԣȻӼ֮˻ҪӼۺ˾ôһˣ
˶˵ֻˮ־ͺãû֪˭ۣ˭Ҳұ֤᲻ᱻ˶ϡ
Ϊڿռ佻֮⣬ÿ춼ᷢս
ܶ˵Ϣᱻ͸©Ȼ˭Ҳ֪Լôϵģԣȥˡ
ַҲڱصãַҪǬ
ַӼˣĻϺܿһ֣˿֮һ£ʦҲǡ
Ϊַǧֻ֮һ˿֮
ַոճۣ˳ˣĻǧڡ
ȻҶ֪˭ۣǶܲµǷλ۵ˡ
ַּӼۣȻǼһ˿
ַϷŪһ㣬û˵һμӼҪӶ٣ֻҪȱ˶ͺá
˺ַˣּһǧڡ
˼ÿμһǧڣַÿμһ˿Ȼַǹģ˿϶Ѫ
Σ˲˼۶Ļһλ£Ҫˣмã·ҪǾһף²Ҫھͺá
ַּӼۣȻһ˿Ҳһλ£ҲҪˣұûУ֮ǣټ۶ҶǼһ˿۰ɣ
˶ף˸ˡ
ʦʱλ£ÿ¶һλԸһ
еˣһǲҵģе˵ܶʱľ׶ʦ͵ģΣû˸ʦӡ
Ҳ֪ε˶ˣ֮ǳˡ
طҶ֪˭˭еȴ֪
ΪеϵͳȫǼˮƵģÿ˽ʱҪſڵˮԼϢÿһ˽ᱻϵͳϣ
ʦ֪ˣһȪˮˣӵȪˮˣȻǵһӵִ˵֮бˣ϶ĳˣһĳͣºܶޱȹصĶˣҲ϶ĳˣ
ԣʦų⣬Ҫ˿ϣ
ǣΣûʦˣ͸˵ѾǷǳռ佻Ӷ
Ǹ۵˿ַ˵ټ۶Էһ˿֮һ»ˣһ½۶ʮڣ
ֵǧڣһ±ʮڡ
˶ŵĿĻϵļ۶ⶼʮͬСˡ


499 Ǯ
ַûмӼַۣȻҪô󣬻Ӹë
ڵȴżӼۣû˼ӣʦһǸ
˶֪Ǹ˱ַˣûа취Լļۣ˼ûмӼֻۣܳƿ
ֻʣͽַҲûԵʲôΪַǬĵرǣĺܶĵرûַǬĺá
ַÿ춼ܿ죬¸¿ʼˡ
ĵһ죬һƷȪˮ
ʦûжϸĽܣֻǵĵϵǶȻȪˮ׼ڣ
ȪˮȪˮɣɲҪ񽳼ҩʦҪˣҪĵرҳɹֻаٷ֮ңҲ˹ɵģȻġ
Ȫˮ֮ϣȪˮȪˮϾҪϱ
ΪȪˮչ꣡߷ԼǱ߷£
Ȫˮ֮ǰʧˣӵУҲó
ȻȪˮͿᴿȪˮ˹Ȫˮ϶С
˶һȻȪˮһһƿһΣ
˶Ѫڵĸо˿ֳʮˣÿ˶õƿȪˮ
ȻֻһƿΪȪˮ֮⣬ҲǱȪˮκ鵤ҩŵرûȪˮã
Ȫˮȫ壬Լ͵˶ս֮ʱһ㣬ͻԭ
ʦûȥãǴҶס
ʱʤ
ܿ쿪ʼ׼ڣһӹѾʮˡ
ַ翴಻ѣҲ̫ˣôֵǮ
ַ̲סʽ飬飬Ȫǲħģ
ǰȪħеģħħֱӡ֮ħӡҪת϶Ҫ֧֣ԾħϽǲģ밡޾֮ף̹˱ڷӡħνΪ˱ħȡһ壬ÿ궼Ҫӳַӡϼӡ֮أ֮زŵħħˣ޾֮޾֮Ͽڤħ֧֣ħħƿһУŵ˺ɷ֮ػħ½ڤȣħǿħ֣Ȫˮѹơ
ַħ
ַǵãŮ˵ҪħҪȥħǡ
㵽۶壬ٸɣȥˣС
ַһֱڿʮ˷ļӼۣʱһƿȪˮǧڵļ۶ɽ
ַϲ
ַȥеĹԱּܿǸǮꡣ
Ǯַ縶ȻҪȡٷ֮ѡ
˫׳ɹַ֮£˵ÿ¶Ҫһ򣿡
Ǯһ㶣ư͵ļһڿˣȻαװļ
ǣÿǶҪһôҪ
ַͷҪҪܶ࣬ǳ࣬жҪ١
ǮЦãȻû⣬ȻҪǿͼ㣬Ҳ˽½ףֻﻹûȪˮ
ַȪˮûˣֻôһƿҲһż֮żõкܶĵرǿ˽½ס
ַ籾ҲóȪˮͻȻ뵽һ⣬Ϊһ֪ԼȪˮ
Ǿϵ۴˷ۣ
Ȫˮ߳Ȫˮ˽½ףûв͸ǽ˷۵ĶǾ鷳ˡ
ϵۺ۵ĵ̣תһô࣬Լַѷɣ
ַֻó˼ŵرǮ꿴˺ЦãеţҿԸó౦ǻÿṩ򡣡
ַʵÿṩأ
ǮЦǵĿͻȽ϶࣬ⶫܶ˶Ҫڸ¿һڵĴͻȻҪں϶ƵһЩĿͻֻҪóһܸṩʮ򣡡
ַû뵽һṩôࡣ
ãɽ
ַ֮ҲûʲôȤμʲôˣÿ¶˽ºͽǮ꽻ʮ
ַõ֮ǬЩԵκ򶼿ĽûκθúųãȻֻҪƶԼĿռͺá
ǬǳףȫҪַ綯֣СٻԼˡ
һȭͷСˮװţֻҪˮװǬķӡСٻͻʶԼĵ̽ӹ졣
ºַһǧڽСٻչ˶״̬СٻҲڿԹˣ
Ҫ͵˶սСٻܳʾ磬͵˹
ȻЩľת԰Լʵ͵˶ս
ǿԼʵ磬Ҫ֮Ѿһֲ
֮ϣЩǿƯĴ½ЩЩ½Щһֵ
Сٻĸ㶨ˣȻַչǧµ
ԴԺ󣬶׷ͻתǻﲻ
ܶʱǺüһٸЩϱ̬һ𣬿϶ᱻ
ÿ£ַ綼ʮͽȥЩϹá
ЩϹϲ
ַ緢֣ЩϹﶼˣǵתֻ֮ѣڶĸǺÿ˶ԼĴȥ
ַṩ֮
ַ˵½ûַǬ͵ã
Ȫˮĵرأﻹ
ԣû
ʮ֮ڵ˾ת״̬СѩСèС塢ҲõȫĴУΪת״̬
ľˣҲﵽ˾ת硣
ǧҲתҵǿߣ
ǣÿ˶Ǿתǻûַܴ磡
ַÿÿʽ֮ûУ
˶֪ǶĸûΪֹڴˣ
ѵǵյô
ÿһٶܸôⲻͽˣ
ַҲûа취
ַʮʱõӴĲɼ֮ޱ޼ʵ֮֮ռ˰ٷ֮һ
ַĸоǰٷ֮һ
ַоԼ껹жĸ򶼴ﵽ˵ۼĸ߶ȣԼԼѾۼһţʼ޷ͻƵۼ
ַ֪Լȱսȱٶս֮еĥ
ڶȱսȱĥ
ԴַͻƵת֮󣬾ɱĽ֣һֱڿռ佻Ȼд裬ǸͲǽַָ֣ǣǸ
ַҪĥԣַͽǮԺýǮԼţַó˺ܶĵرԺַȡ
ַ֮˿ռ佻
Ǹոշɳʮӣͱʮ˵סÿ˶Ǿת
СӣǵʮǰǸһô

ַһ㶣Цԭ㣬ôǳô£ʮꣿ
Ǻǣ̶ʮֻһŶһرȻˣɣ
ַˣô֪ң
תЦΪˣʮ۵ˣҪռ佻һ˵ݣףһ֪Щ˺ܶ˵⣬Ҹ㣬Щˣˣȫˣˣ
ת˵ţʮַɱ
ַҪʹǽԷʮϯַ˹
ǵ򲢲ֻǿһȱںѷ죬γһҵԲιڹԿ磡

ַáħ֮еɱԿƿԷ򣬵ǣڽľַ绹Ҫͣʹþħֻð
ħħֱӡţַûа취ʹá

ַЦֱӻһ͵˵һһ磬˳ɱȥ
Ƕתȫƣͱϵ룡Ҳˣ𲻻ˣ
ʮתһַѹ飬עҪʧˡ
ַǵبʱִһԱģ
䣡
֮£ֱǰֱӽʮ⴮
ֵǣһϵƵٻȫɣתΪϢĵһ
ʮʧɫ
⡭ô£
㡭ѵ񣿡
ַЦ˵ˣҵңӳ
ĽĽһģȻǲҪɱ˵ˣڵѾԱַ⣬򣬶Щɵȫᱻɱ֮е˶Ļ꣡
ĽٶȱǰҪҪʮǧ
˵Ľ״̬ͻῪֻء֮ţ񶫷ظֻһ㣬ȥ꣬Ͷ̥ת
ʮԼ򱻻ѣַ֮ɫһƬҰס
ʮֻս
޾ַ֮ϯַΧ׷Բȫ֮Ĺ
ַľ˾ħ׵ֱӽе֮룬һ֮е֮ɢ˲仯Ϊޡ
ۣ֮ܣ
ܣ
ַ׷ȥǽһһоɱʮת
ʮ˲䣬ǧ˳˷ɢȥ
ֻҪһ˿ߣǾڶʱڸ
ɱ
ʣµʮתַ罻ȥ
ַȥ׷Щߵɢꡣ

ַ˵ǧ׵Ŀռһ½ߵ˽ȥ
У
ĻЩɶܿ죬һ˿˿ͬĻꡣ
ַӵٶѾЩߵ
ַоͨľת֮УѾûԼĶˣַҪȥսĶת
һȥ罻紦ɣֻǿĥ
Ľ紦ÿ춼ｻսȻǶսս˶Ϊĥ
ûȺսһһսȻҪԷͬսſԣÿս֮ǰǩ״
ַ˶Ľ紦ԶԶľͿս죡Կ֣һʱ䣬кüɱ
ַ罫ǧҲ˳ΪۿĴսĪĺô
Զսĵͼǧϣ
ַս
ַĹشұɣʱɱˣҲ˼鷳ǱǿҪСˡ
ҵȻ֪ϲǣߣ


500 
˶׷ɢȥѰԼĶ֡
ľˣַûǲսַɲǳʲô£սĥġ
ܣ͵ûȥսعսɣ￴Щʱգĺô治
ţ磬ҪСĵ㡣
ַޱŵĵİɣûɱңǺǡ
СèС壬СѩǼҲսɣ˯ˣ
Сèĵְ֣żܣżż˯ȴܻ졭
СѩקСèĶ䣬è
䣬һ㡭
Ҳ׼ĥ
ַ˴Сһ㣬С壬ǧܱ¶ԼݡУбǿսǣһҪܾҲǳ£
ս˷ǳ࣬¼ھ磬ƺ˲ûʲô֮⣬໹Ҷʵ
ǧǰѾˣھ嶼һЩɢЩˣҲɲʲô
Ȼϵۺھ棬ҲͬھƽȵĹϵҪԼǲģ˭ôϵۺ۾ͻ˴ݻ٣
Сѩ뿪ѰԼĶַ֣ҲѰԼĶ֡
ַ翴ŶԶսʮʮҲǳࡣ
ʮ˶ͳһķκͱ־һ۾ϳ
ַתһȦֶʵ˶ȥսʮˡ
ַ绹ûѰҵԼʵĶ֣֮еһλһתɱˡ
ŭַǴɢȥҴҪۼһκ˻ɣսûôˣ
ַɵ̵ĸмǧˣתа˰ٶࡣ
ַĿ⵭Ķŷɱˣת˼ȦˣҲʵĶֻ֣и²ܺһս֪ԸⲻԸһս
ַͷ֣ʮˣǶ֮еսǺȥսսʮˡ
Ȼǹƽԣɱʮˣ˭֪Ժ᲻ᱨһҪ·һ
ɾˣôսˣѾˣҲӦս
ʱһתַʦˣҴô
ַ絭ĵ㣿򲻹ҵģҶûȤ

ŶַЦ˵ҷǺðɣҴӦ㣬ҪģҾͳȫ㡣
ַǿգŭһ
һʼַ˹
ת֣֮
ַ˵Ȼǧ񹦸ı˵̬ɲϳԼ
ַԦŵݺݵֵ˹ȥ
綹һַһҳϡã򱻵ɣ
󾪣ʧȥҲʧȥǿ
ַõ˹ȥ޾ֵ֮Ĺ֮͵סַĵ
䣡
ֱӱַҵ걬顣
ϴַʮת֮ʱַûнǵȫ飬ǵˣԣǰַ֮粻ߵĻᡣ
ַɱˣɫ׷ɫ䡣
ʱһַʸʲôģ
ַ֪شûĻԼ뿪϶ᱻϣ
Ƿˣ
ôʱԶ˽һ
£㲢Ƿˣûм㣡
ַó˷ơ
ģǷˣ
ַǣûжãûȥ￴ѡ
ͻȻʲôɱˣ
ַ粢֪Լɱ£ʮȫ֪ˣҴҶǿߣ
ʮڶַ磬Ҳ£ַȴ
ַһ㶣оն㲻ԣæ¸˰ɣҲû¡
ûôЦ˵ãŷƣ㻹˭ûȤɱ㣬ΪɱǶ۵ˣȻʰ㣡
ʱ˴ǧΧ˹
ַв
˵£֤ȷ䣬ɱ۵ˣʮ꣬ڳˣ㻹ðǷˣûһǿߣ
ǧӻкСѩ˶ߵҪַǰдǶҪ
˶ʶңһ˺ǶĻԻΣԵסҲҪǶȫ군ǲԺұ𣡡
˿ַ̣ʮѹַҲûӳȥ
ַԷ˵ɱֻѣõôΧôѵʮתҪԸһô
һ£Ҫɱ˭ˣʮ۵˶Ҷϵ۴˺۴˵ˣһûκҶ۴˵ˣðˣ
ַף۵һҲҶ
ַЦҪɱҾͶְɣαôϻ
ǲҪɱ㣬۴Ҫ㣡ԣһˡ
Ҳ
ַһҪң
ʲôϵۼַ磬϶ϳַǺŵһǸˣ
ַɱŵǣܷŹַô
ѵѾ֪ô
۸֪ݣһɱ±֪ˣɱǵʱУ֮ж㣬ҲΪ˶֮ĸɡֻɱĻôС£ᶯôô
ַЦôҪȥۣҪô˻ô
̫£Ƕ֪֮֮˻㣬ȽһЩȻҲ־ܣǷӡĹʱ򼸸˻ǰȥУ
ðð
ַ籾ߣ·ߣûа취ˡ
ַЦСүҽ£ȥɡ

ַ˵꣬Ѿ֮⣬ʱڤħǰȥ
Ȼʮһˣˣʲô
Ȼַ֮ĵһַ粻˭ס
ַڤħʱųذΧ
׷
ַɳʮ˽׷ᣬַʶΧڣ˷ʼַϾ
ַ֪ھӿ׷ɱϣ̫ãˡ
ƴˣ
ַҳһͻƿڣķȥ
ܿ죬תַĶÿ˶ʼ
ɱ
ַ翪תİΧȦЩ˵綹һĴַĵһһɣַϾħÿһгȥ޾֮
ɱÿһɱ
Χɱַ磬ַ϶ܶ㿪˵Ĺַ֮дߣЩĹַϣַֻһƤһ㣡
ַоԼ޵սһ㣬Ĺ֮УԵˣַÿγмɱ
ȫַĵַ֮罫ʣһȫ˵
У
һУΪĻꡣ
򣬿ٽﱬ޾İɫâЩɫâڵصĹΧЩɫâƺٻ֮ĳһ㣬ĴҲĿһ˿ѷ졣
ַ֪֮ѾĴ򿪣ֻҪ򣬵һĽ׶ξͻ
һսַƺʲô۵źֽһ
ַһƿȪˮʱ
Σַ粢ûӣΪַҪɱ䣡ַţԼ֮ھת֮޵еģ
Σʮľתַԥĳɱȥ
˶һ㶣һ￴ǵĴӣһҳⲻô
һ̣˶ֲѣǿͷһޱ޼ʵĴ½ѹ
ַĵ
֮ĵ
ʮų⣬ǼǧףҵĴСڵ֮¾͸һС
Ȼ£ʮ˲䱻ɱ
ַ಻ѣû뵽֮֮ǿ
ѾΪ۵ˣԣһٽɱò˶ãͿͻ۾ˣ㲻Ҫ̫磬ɱ㣬Ҳ׾٣
ַʮѾͻۣǶǸ߸ϵģӦû˼ԸҰɣ
Ǻǡʮǲ֣ܳôĶ˭ұ֤ǻ᲻֣ڻûòӰɣĳһ۾ǿߣԻ
ʲôмʮɱңôõĻᣬܴ
ַûȰ棬⼸İΧȦ˹ȥ
Ľַɱһɶ
ֿ֮һ㡣
ɱ˶ˣַ׼뿪ȥѰСѩǣϢҲʮ۶
ַǰȥսĵطûпСѩͺˣַŮ派ѪϵСѩ
СѩϢѾ֪ˣڼǳȫ·ϼ˶ۣСһ㡣
ǰɣۣҲûи
ʱַоһѹӶ洫˹һ½ַҵ˼֮¡
۵ַ練ӦûзӦˣ
ʱߴǧ׵ӰӴַΧм䡣
Ƿ̫ۣ
ߴǧ׵ۣɢŽɫ⣬⴩ԽʣޱǿϢַ紭
Ƕ۵ķǵı𣬾ˡַ磬ˣ
ۣϵۺ֮ǿˣ
ʱɱǺεã£ʮۺϵۡǸã£ڣַ粻ɱ˾磬ַۣû뵽ô졣
ַ۷ЦǺôֱʣΪ˶Ըң۾ȻͬʱǺôӣ
ŭɱ챾ҪǧУ
ɱתˣ۲ܵס۵ıǳæкܶ·ֲ飬ɳΧַ磡

һַͷȶ£ַоƲ۵ȴŷǳӴ֮
ǽ
̰ǹڵһǺһ۵ʤԺȥ
˻˻
֮ĶûбըҲû˺ʱѷ죬еĴݻѾﵽһֵĸ߶ȣ
ͷ۶һУַо֮һ΢𵴣ԣַ֮ûзǿ


501 ֻأ
۵ȻˣĿÿÿʽʹ֮Ϊûе۾磬ʱգȷͻ۾磬ţҲ᲻ɱ۴˲Ҫ㣬㾹ȻΥ۴ּ⣬ɱΣ춼
Ĵ۶Ͽɷ۵Ļǰ˵ȷһţתÿÿʽʹ֮Ҳδţ
ַЦҪûôף
ַӣ۵֮£ܲˡ
ԣֻս
ҪףΪӳֵģ

һַ֮繥ַոƽ⣬һַ֮ɱ
ʱ򣡡
ʱ֮£ַŽ۵Ĺƽ⡣
ףСе죬ȻӦô죬Ȼ۾磬Ѿӵг۵һһ𶯰ɣɱСӣСߣԺ󣬾Ժ
ţСӵȷǳ죬Ƕ㲻۵ĹǻǶ˹ȥһ֣
ʱͬʱַ֣֮

ַ粻ҿΪһԻᱻ֮飡
֮Իַɱ
ǳǿ
ǳǿ˵ɵֿΣ֮ʱ֣
ַոպϡ
һɫӰַߡ

ǳǿոմ͹֮һ֣еǳ𣡡
ǳǿͷ޾ǿգţǿһĽǶȱתһֱԲǳǿַ

һ֮£ǳǿƣԲ޾ǳ֮˷֮ȥ
˻˻
ǳ֮е֮ɵһɶ
ǳǿϳ˼ζĺַСôǿǿߣ̵ģҸչô֮ô֣Ųˣ
ַʼ磬ҲǰҪɱң
ۿˣһͬʱоǰǶۣʹõԴ֮һġǳ֮
ôµۣ
£ʲôˣ
ǳǿңڣҵˣȥ
ǳǿûк۵ķϻһκαһɹ֮ۿӿ۴֮£е֮
Ĵۿ۵סǿߵ֮׷ױ֮ǳǿϯȥ
ƾܵסô
ǳǿ֮£ǳ֮޾֮۷
䣡
һ̣۵ķһɢ
ַ࣬ôˣô죿
ַ緢ǳǿԸ۵ķҲ̫ˡ
ǳǿƲͣǻҪôȥô˵ҿǶۣɱ۵ķףŶˣŶûôôˣΪǵҲ̫˰ɣ
ۣ
찡ַڲ֪ǳǿΪ
ַʲôûѽʱ仹ôһǧٶˣϴ󣡡
ôʮԣʮˣżǧ겻ôͻˣ̫ˡ
ַʲôֵģٸҼ꣬Ҳͻۣ
ǳǿҡͷ㲻һǴܵĵӣ㼸ͻҲ֣ʮʺܺô
ʺҲֻҰʮ˵ʺ
ַ˵ʺʺҪɱңʺҲɱңۺϵҲɱң߱Ұɡ
ǳǿȻûǾľͷǸ˵ξΣҲȣԼŰ죡
ַһίǿ簡ϴ󰡣ʦϣͰһѰɣôͻۣٺ٣ҾͲҪæˡ
ǳǿͻȻϱɫãеˣϳǿǿܡ

ַûиоַѾǳǿˡ
ǳǿж۱ɫʲôΪǿߣ
˵һַ룬˲۾ϵۣ
һЦַĶڡ
ַ磬ܣ
ַĳǷ۵
ַ翴׸߿֮ϣۺһʵӰվһ𣬶סַǳǿȥ·
Ӱַ֪ˣ˭½ʱ˴ݼ
ô˾ǡϵ۷
ҧгݵĿַ磬ַ磬ˣû뵽ôΣѷɣ
ַЦۣô֪ң
ô֪㣿ǺǡЦڿռ佻ȪˮʱҾͻɹ㣬ǲȷΪֻһƿûˡȻŷƣ˵ã֮ɱĿռոɱǿߣļռˣħ˭ַ磬ڣ
ôַЦɱҵˣˣҲ⣡
ַߣǳǿҲߣǿߣֵǿûһõġ
˿ַ̣ô飬ϵۺҲֻܵķݣ
ϵ۷ʱַħͲħûлħĴУûħʲôħСӾȻǳ֮壬Ҫˡ
ǳǿЦϵ϶Ҫǳ֮壬ҲҪҰɣ
ǳǿҲҪô
ַȻʶ
ǳǿЦϵ϶ǳǿˣǣһݣܵĵӣǵô
ϵ۷Цܵĵô㲻ҲǴܵĵôǧǰҸɱ㣬βɱħò˶ãҲΪܣ
ǳǿϲģ˼˵ǧǰɱңϵۺһϻ͵ϮңҲûɱңʱ򵥴˵ܴô
ȥ¾Ͳˡϵ۷Ѿͻ𾳽磬أ۾磬һҲҪ
ǳǿæַַ磬ҵţ
ţҪСˣǧ
갡
ַԶȥ
ۼʦַˡ
ϵ۷һһССתܵĳôɱǳǿȥ׷
ǳǿޱȽĿϵ۷ֻһɱô
ǳǿʲôʦǴܣӦ֪۾Ĳ𣬾һҲҪ
ǳ𣡡
ǳǿһʼʹ˾Уе֮ǳǿȻ֪ϵ۷Ķ֣Ҫ;кϵƴȻӣ
ϵ۷ΪҲ֪ʲôôϴûɱ㣬ˣ
ֻأ
ǳǿľǳγɵ޾ǿͻȻһת֮Ӳ˺ѣһƬ
ꡭ
ǳǿ˼Ѫڿҡҡ׹
ϵ۷мĿǳǿôζܰɣ
꣬ȥ
ǳǿͻȻзѣǳ֮ƺĳűһ㣬ȫƤѸٵĹѣѷ֮⣡
ϵ۷ɫȻһ䣬ǱԴ
ϵ۷ҲҴ⣬һнƳǧ֮⣬ȫǧĹӰɫâȥ
䣡
Ϊ֮һҵıըռŤΣԶǧ֮սನ˲ķ顣
֮һȫѵӰӳͻıը֮г˳һʧããǿա
ʮһõӰͷĳ˳ŭĺǳǿҪҵı𿴵㣡´οһ˺Ƭ
ۣ׷ַ磡
ַûòϢһֱӣǳǿһʱܵסϵ۷
ȻַǷǳģӵʱǷ˶ʵûòϢ֮תͷһȦȥ
ַΪܹܶϵ۵׷٣ַ绹еС𾳽ˡ
ַߵʱϵѾнԼһ˿Ϣַ磬ȻַڵľоԼ׷٣
ԣϵ۷ʶһҵַ磡
ַ磬ҪˣСˣ
ַװģĸڼȥ棬ƵķţȻ۵ַĶڡ
ַ󾪣ôҵԼģ
ȻڲʱΪַоһԼ޷ֿԼ
ϵ۱ǳǿˣҲǳǿˣһӵĻһַɱ
ַоÿһ֮϶֮
ַ籾Ҫַоһͻǰ飡
ԣַʹԼǿһУ
ǳ𣡡
޾ǳַ֮ϱ޾ǿϵ۷ϯȥ
ߵ֮һ֮ռ׷Բ֮Ĺ֮ӰΣе˽ֵ֮ನ棬걬飡
Ȼϵ۷ı֮¡
ʱԶߵսԶԶġ
䣡
ֱըַ֮ڣַѪҡҡ׹ƲסԼΣӸ߿ȥ
һϢĸоַĵױַܵԼ֮ڻڱը
һ걬ַޱ޼ʣȻѣȫϵ۷һԶԶ
ףûôܣתܳҷȫһ
ȻⲢϵ۷ȫһǰϵ۷ǳǿһսϵ۷һѾɢˣ˿ϵ۷Ĺֻ۵һ
۵һһתסԻҷ
ϵ۷Ϊַˣоַɢ΢Ϣ
ַûûʲôˣʶѾģ
ַ֮ڵľ޴ȱ֮޾ַ籬˽ȥȱѸٵ͡
ַû뵽һ۵һôǿԼһס
ַ磬Ȼ۵ĹĹ֮дԲ֮
ϵ۷֮ɱַѣƻַǳ֮壬ΪϵҪַԴ֮塣ҪȻСٻ϶ϵһ֮¹ˡ
긽壡
ַѾûսڽַ塣
ڵһʱ俪˷ӡַħ
Ȼٽһ
ϵ۷䣬ǧַϯ
ħھŲ㡪ֻأ
һַϱİħħϯǧžħٵĹѣ׶೤Ľѿڣ֮ѷ֮бһת
СٻУСţҪ
ַģʶ֮˽ַ磬ѾˣûлþħھŲ㣬ǿʹˡֻءΪ㵲סһΪ㲻֪ôô꣬һֱҵֵܣҲֻСٻĶҺãҲǶȥҲ
СٻˣҲ֪һܲܺϵ۷ͬھҾˡ
ַ磬ҪסҪȥҪΪұ𡭡
ʧˣַʶǳģǸܵһޱȱ˵Ϣַϱһַ۽˳
ħȻѣûȫ飬ˣǾħڣ


502 ݼ
ϵ۷ĹħĹһеȻɢ
ȷħȷħǣ
ħϵ۷Ҫɱַ磻ħҪɱ˿̲ɱȵַɳҪɱҲɱˡ
ϵ۷ιѵ
СٻУСţȵңҲˣ֪ôʵڼǰϲ㡭ϲ
ǣһֱҸ㣬Ϊ飬ǲӵĸ飬˵ˣǵĹϵͻѡ
СţĺúڣúڣΪʲôû㡭
СٻȣǬ󷨣תǬ
СٻȪˮַĵǬֱӳַ⣬绯һϵ۷֮һ
ϵ۷еĹɢһصϵ۷ɡ
һ̣ϵ۷ֳַ֮⣬˿̣ϵ۷ʵĻӰķǳãȻСٻɱʽȫһϵ۷󲿷ֵɢ
ϵ۷ɫ䣬ǡǬľУô£
һǬˣϵ۷̲סЩ
һߵķ۵ʦַֻӵǬѣ͡Ǭûʲôϵ˵ˣǬڼǧǰѾʱѷ죬ģʦľ磬ô
ϵ۵Ŀⶢַ磬Сӻûҿʲô
䣡
ַըϢĸоڳ׵ʧ޾ĳ˯
ַ˯һַ̣·𿴵һϤַ˼ҹġݼ
ַ翴ݼĵĿԼĽԼ§˻
һƮƮɵĸоַĵַоůů
ַ۾ȳ˯ˣ˯֮ǰϹҸ΢Ц
ַ粢ûٳϵ۷һ
ϵ۷ٴιַǰһӰ
ӰͷɫˮڣȫɢϢܸеһС
һ֮ݼбϵ۷֮ɢ
ϵ۷һ㶣ĿݼŮʲô˼
ݼЦȫϢķŭ˻صϢ
ʲô˼ҵˣ˭Ҫ͵
ϵ۷ͷ۶һ㶣ʲô
ϵ۷½ݼ֮ʱɱݼߵһˣȻݼû¡ϵ۷֪ŮʶռݣⲢҪϵҪ֮Ĺʵ
ʱŮһ˿ѾݼգݼȫںϣɱݼĻҲͬʲôŮԺһ˿ɱŮʧĻ֮ͻήȥ
ԣϵ۷ǲܶݼģֻðƵŮŮ֮λҪṩõĻ
˭Ҳû뵽һħݼˣһݼˣ
ϵ۷ŭŮҪôҪ֪еһжҸģҿʱջأ
ݼ΢ŭЩôãΪҲ֪ıôõ֮ĹʵѣҸ㣬Զûˣ
Ů̫ʧˣٸһȥҿԭ㣬ִԲݹ飡
ݼЦķѾ챻ɢˣΪڵùôȥɣ
ϵ۷ǳǿһսɢ˴󲿷˽ǿһСֻءִɢһֽСٻԵһСǬתѾ챻ɢˣϵ۷ڵȷݼĶ֡
ݼ֮Ȼϵ۷ȥ
ϵ۷Է۵ߣȥ֪֮ͨһҪɱַ磡Ůץ
ʦıô
ϵ۷Ϊʦı֮Ĺϵסˣǰߡ
ַ磬ҳҪҧгݵŭһæȥھ磬ۻǵһĶӡ
ϾǷֻбĲǱǰĻݼһжӲס

ݼϵ۷ͬʱ֣ս׷׺ˣǻǱ֮ĶನлΪޡ
ݼϵ۷У˷׷׺ˣݼˣϵ۷ں֮ɢ
Ůһץ
ݼַʳȥ
ַϤףַ΢ϢݼڵѪ
һֱڵȴԼİˣȴַ
ַˣݼҲҵַ磬ǣ˭Ҳû뵽Ľ
ѹһǧ޾˼ȴ޾ıˡ
ݼٴμĳûһ
ݼ޷ܣֻȥܡ
ݼַƣʶΪ˳˯״ݼҲַ֪ܲѹ
ĸַϤգݼˮ˳Ӷ£磬ڼˣ֪жôһǧÿÿҹ㡭
ҽе˼ΪĶҸԼˣһҪ㣬ƨɿ
ݼЦˣˮɡ
ַʶӣһĿݼӿ˵Ҹӿ˵ʧ䡣
ݼַǰԼģݼַһ
ǧǧݸԲ䣡
ַ˯ˣõĳ˯ˣҲʱݼȴķַ֣۽ǵγһξӨᡭ
ݼַ촽һǣַ磬ȥأ˵֮ġǾĵطȻһǧ꣬Ǵûȥһȥô
ţ֪ͬģ߰ɡ
˵֮У֮ģҲǾıԵ˵ǾĵطҲֻǴ˵
ݼҲ֪֮ʲôطֻ֪ھ֮ļޣԣݼһֱȥ
ҹһ·ϣҶ֪ŮŮû˸ҵסĽŲû鷳
Ůبʱ֮һǳкƽɣȰŮŮǳ𾴡
ƺûбԵһ£ݼҲûҵν֮ģݼУģѾκУΧҲԽԽϡʮΧѾݽߣܲκε嫵ǿҲ漴ʧһƬɫģѹ˵зǳ
Ů񣬴Ǹ˸һȥǰ֮ģѾû·ˣ
һŭ쳹ʣݼĳսսı
սһɫףֳ׶೤ɫսݡ
֮ô
ݼսĻһϲ
ݼת׿սЦַѾ˯ˣѵǷҪϾɱô
սŮ㲻ҪңҲ㶯֣㻳ϵҪˣҲǷ£ûа취߰ɣ򲻹ҵġ
ݼȥϵۣҺҵҪȥ֮ģǻһӴ֮ԶҲʾκ£
սȻŮѵɵô֮Ѿˣ޾ʱѷ졭ϵ۴ô㣬㣬ôô࣬Ҫʲôϵ۴˶ܸʲôѵҪΪѾȥ˱ϵô
ݼŭûһѣ㸶۶ϧ
Ȼˡսк䣬ֻöˣ
ݼתߡ
򲻹ֻӣ
Ůǰû·ȥҲ·һս׷˹ŮߣΪ·ӣ
ݼȣǰʱѷ죬ҲȥҲҪİһҲȥ
ս֣ɫսٵ֮׿ݼȥ
ݼֻԻ֮ȥ
ݼûȫҪսĹԼ֮ײƶԼǰ
Ȼߵཻս֮ʺݼϣݼ屻ǿޱȵǰƶȥս˾롣
Ů
ս٣׷ȥ
ӹݼֹס˽Ųս˵û֮һƬأȫ޾ʱշ籩
սҲͣס˽ŲŮ˵ˣ֮ǰ类ˣʲôûУȥֻ·һ
ݼЦ˵ҲȥҲΪõĹߣھһǧ꣬ҾΪ˵ȴİˣѾȵʣµһжҪˣ
սʤЦŮûǸһȥҪȻĶˣҪ죬һ֣ʱᱻʱշ籩
ݼĮĵôǲɱҰɣǶΪҲǿ˶٣һƷңǰ첻ģϵЩôֻΪ֮Ĺʵȥ֮Ҳûа취ɣ
ݼ˵ûսôġ
սͻȻЦҲýˣ㲻ߵĻھɱ㣬Ҿ˵ûм㣡
ôһ·һ·ǧǧ׷ģϵ˵ûмңΪϵۻô
սûа취ˣֲǣҲǡ
ԮҲУݼվʱѷıԵһתͿȥ
ս֮µðɣӮˣߣ
ս˵꣬һʧ
ݼ֪սûߣڰУݼ뿪սͻ׷ݼ
Ҳǰ취ϵҪԸһ˵Ļھκεطϵ۶ҵطȫģ
ڵ죬ı
ݼ֣֪ʲô״
ݼַ֪ϵۺۣʮ۶Ѿˡ
۶ݼŮˣҪеǸˣŮи㡣
ݼϾϵ۵ˣһϹݣҲǳۣ۶ŮҲҲ
Ҳ֪ʲôŮôᱣˣ
˿̣ۻַ֪ħֶַ֪ǵķǳǿɱ֮󣬱ŭһֱѰַ磬һ·ҵ
˵ĺֱӣݼ˿ַ̲֪˶ۡ
ݼĵҵˣҪ֣˾ʱѷ졣
˵ĺֱӣݼֱӣݼвˣڶûõģǲŲŮ
ЦðҪҲɱˣûйϵ
ʱսð˳ɵ˶۵Ķ棬ʲôŮַϵ۴ҪˣѾ˺üˣҪȹһأ
΢ŭսʲô˼»ôСɱǰһҪ
սҪҲܣǲǳ֮壬УŮŮϵ۴˵ˣһǷǳǶŮ񣬾ֱǵϵ۴ˣҪ
۶ƣŮ񣬻ַǳ֮壬ŮԱַ磬ѶҲ̫˰ɣ
սҲܣַ˭ɱַ磬ǺΪУ
սŭ빫ҷô
ҲǴŭͷкβң㿴ˣˣֻһ
սȷսţǲҰԼôġ
սתһ룬Ƕ۰Ůַɱʲô£ʱϵ۹ҲǶ۵£


503 ʱ
ðɣǺݣ˶࣡ǣǰŮħɱˣԺҪҿ䵥Ҽһɱһ
ǵ۶սĶ֣Ȼ۶壬Ҳǿ࣬սǿģ
սºݻ֮󣬻һˡ
սĺݻ֮ɫ䣬ȻΪĺݻˡħ֡
ʲôħ
ɶСһħ
սߵʱ˵ˣѵǼٵģ
ҲԣħĻôܺϵۺ˶ϣ
ţս񲻻˵ѵġ
Ҳֻħħͷתľʹ֮ħ
ħôħǵĵˣûгɳɱһݣ
ţûħһҪ
ĶݼŮСħ㽻˰ɣûбҪΪħ;ǧǰŮһӣҪŮһȥһħͷԼһУ
ǺǡǿЦݼЦҶԣЩαۣαۺϵ۲ħͷҲύˣ
Ůһ飬㽻ˣ
ɱѶ
ݼû˵һַ˿ռѷ졣
һ㶣û뵽Ůô
һۣΪһôֵô
ۿݼַʱѷҲ뿪ˡ
۽ʱѷ죬һʱ᲻Ϊ֮Եסʱշ籩һʱѷ죬ͻʧԶܳ
Ҫ˵ˣҲʧ棡
ԣ۶Ϊݼַʱѷֻ·һ

ݼַʱ֮дݼ۵Ϊʱ֮ƽأֻʱշ籩֮ʱֿ֮һ¡
ʱѷһԹκ˶߲ȥԹ
ʱѷκ涼ÿ涼гʼڣչڣڣ˥ڣ˥ڣ
Ĺ̶ڸΪλڽоͻйһ㣬Щʱʱշ籩
ĳʼڿʼͻйͻʱʱµӳҲԽԽ࣬ռԽԽ󣬾ͻʱշ籩ʱպ
˥ڵʱ󲿷ֵĵطͻᱻʱշ籩ռݣ֮ͻʱռ䡭
ʱµת䣬ͻıһƬ磬µת䣬ֻһĳʼչ졢˥ߡ𡭡
γһѭѭҪʱ̫ˡ
ԣʱ֮Уȥȵ컹ѣ
в֮ʱͣٴγʼԳǾۺҲܻôãȻӵĴǿԻôãʱѷסܵġ
ݼַʱ֮һֱ󣬶ݼһֱַַ֮ѣʮȥˣַ绹ڳ˯
һ죬ݼͻȻʱ֮пһˣ˿ݼ֮ʱҲһ
˿Էĵһʱȫٶһ£￴һˣǴûмİˣǺþûмôС
˵鶼ǳٵԷ£ΪĻʱһ˾ͻʧһǰһͻʧ
ʶɢȥΪռڽʶɢȥһʱȥʶͻʧ
˸ոҪӽʮ׵ʱͬʱоǰһʧȥ˶ԷӰ
ݼʧޱȾɥҡҡͷʱϣٿˡ
ռ֮Уûһ˿ۣʱ޿̵ķУҪܿռ֮ɢʱշ籩Ҳǳ۵ϰҾͻݽ߶
ݼһ֮ԴԴϣҲ
ַȻ˯ҲҲݽߣ׿ַǳ֮ħ֮岻˵Сٻ֮ǰȪѹַĵ֮ڣЩȪѾַĵ֮
ȻȪ۲ϲطֳȥԸɴַĵ֮Ȫˮ˳ַĵԴԴϵʱ޿̵ַ塢ϸÿһλ֪ĻΪַѪҺ
˿ַ̣Ѿڲ֪֮гΪ˶ľ壡
Դ֮֮µĵһ壡
ַ绹ûѹΪַܴ
ַ֮ڵȱѾռַ֮һҲ˵ַ֮һѾ𻵣
Ȼ˵ַޱ޼ʣ֮ڵȱںݻַı߼ʣ
ͺޱ޼ʣʱշ籩ȴ˾ı߼ʣ
ʮ֮ݼпϴοǸˡ
Σͬʱһ𣬽İһ
˶һڵһʱס˶Է
ֻҪһˣûֿܷܽ
Ů㣿㻹ţ˿ݼǳ档
ݼûңǣ
ݼڶԷϳԼݲԾΪԼϵϢܺܿ챻ϳ
ܶͲˣôǬ
λǬͷӷǳĲˡ
Ǭû˵ţ϶Ҳ۾硭
ǬȻɶ㵽ǲŮû˵ң
ҵŮģҵʶֻͨ˵ġ
ǬͻȻŭʲôռŮ壿˵㵽Ǿʮ֮еĸ
ǬͻȻɢһǿϢݼоϢܿģǰλǿߣ϶һλ
ݼ㲻ҪŭҵõŮ壬ҲǾĸֻһͨͨˡ
ݼԼôõŮ¼򵥵ĸǬ
Ǭ꣬˵ͷû˵ʲô
ô
ͬ⡣
Ǭҵʦֺʦ㣬ûҵһֱˣأ
ݼֱӵΪһˣҺʮ׷ɱ·ȥҾܽˡ
ŶһˣǬ˼Ǹô
ݼǸҵԶ޷ˡ
Ǭɣа취Ҳ˵
ݼҡҡͷʲô취ݼǰַˡ
ַոճǬȵôǬϢ
ݼǬ˰ôˣ
ǬƵĵĵһˣǬҴģϧǿϧ
ǬˣݼǬȻ𾴣ܴϹʮ֮һˣһǴڴ˵֮е
ǰϧʲô
㻹ǽǬɣǰҲϰߡ
ַȻЩ˵Ƣ֡
ðɣǬϧʲô
ǬϧǬѾˡףˣȻǬѾˣΪʲôڻǬϢ
Ǭְַ飬֮ȵĵˣˣǬһֿĸСӵݸ黯һִǬôиأĸ飬һôᰮһأ
찡ôܣ
ǬĿڴ𺳲ѣǷ´½һ㡣
ݼҲĿڴ˼Լ˱һˣѵҳһĴô
ɱҰɡ
ݼֿЦõĸооһ㡣
ʵСٻµĸǶԽĸ飬ַ磬ʱˡ
ǬãСٻݸϢҾͿǬǬļˡ
Ǭ˫ְסַ飬ĬĬĸСٻµϢ֮ٵĴǬʱǬһжָˣһָ˱֮ǰ״̬
ǬǬַǵַҲûų⣬ϿǬĴڡ
Ǭ뿪ַ飬ͷ亹궼ûжˣ̫ϰˣãҵǬȱСӻڳ˯òǬ
ݼǬǶ𾳽磿
ֻ𾳽ƾϢ͸鴴ʶͿռ䣡
šǬͷǰҾˣһֻѾ̤˴ˣǾ޷Ϊܣʦ˵ˣⱲӾ͵ˣû취
һֻ̤˴ܣݼ𺧲ѣھ޵еĴڣ
СٻˣܵǬϢϲеˣô
ңҲˣˣҴļо㰮˾ħô£
ʵСٻѾˣСٻֻǬ´СٻǸСٻļ䣬ʶǬһһľһģͺǿ¡һ
Сٻֻ֪ΪǬԼ
ǣСٻԽݸģǿ¡͸ƵģΪСٻַݸ飬Ǭܲ׽СٻϢ´СٻСٻʲôûǬҲûа취ΪСٻָеļ䣬ֻһǬûСٻκμ䡣
˿̣ݼǬĻҲ֪ǬϵǾħַ磬£İ
ݼɲһУ
Сٻһסˣô⣿
ǬСٻεĲ֪ôشЦһʶнʶˣǶϾԼϵҽһˣ˵
лˣڻûĴ㣬Ҫ࣬ҵԺҲ
ŶǬЦ˵ʲôãôصĸУ㾹ȻѡɱΪ˵ס˵һУħԸΪСɱȻǻûе̶ֳȰɣΪûõģСٻҪ֪ܻԶʧҲȲ㣡ʱʶߣ֮ߣ½ĶҲԸȥģȴѡһҷǳ桭
СٻΪҵ˰ǵ飬ֵܣõѣˣҵԸΪߵһУҲԸΪһУԣǶԸΪҵҺСˣǱһʱôڲǱȵôʱҵСôʱ䣬˰ɣԣôûõģмֵģ
Ǭһ㶣˼һ˰ѣֵܣˣǬδš
Ǭܿ϶ǰ˯֮еһһ֮ˣ
ˣȾȾħô
ǬҾȲˣֲǴħˣǾŮħܾȰɣַҲûа취ȣΪѾ̫ˣѾһ漣
ݼСٻԣһȻ
ǬЦǲҪģַĵѪҺﶼȪˮֻҪȪˮᴿΪȪˮͿַָ˵Ů֮Ĺʵ֮ժһˣͻȻһְ취죬ǽȪˮҪᴿΪȪˮûǸµģΪҲҩ񽳣ҩ񽳣Ҳ𾳽磬Կ̫Сˣڶְ취Ů֮˼ǧ꣬Ȫˮ࣬û겻ʵģôҲҪµĵȴ˵Сѣ̫ˡ


504 Ǭ
ݼǬѵû취ô޲꣬ѵֻȪˮʵſô
ǬУܾͿԽǴǲռģΪ粻Ǵܵ磬ˣĻϢͻὫСűȻһְ취
ʲô취
Ǭݼ취˵ˣҲ
Ҳ̫СˣֻҪܾȻַ磬ʲôԸ⣡
ôǬ֮ҲԸô
ݼûпǣһ֮ʲôԸģҲԸ⣡
Ǭû뵽ŮôȻĵ˵ͷ
Сٻ˵ģַߵ˶ԸΪַ縶һаɡ
ǬҪ֪Ůľǿ֮άֵģõڵ֮Ϊͻľ磡
۵飬У˭ܵˣ
ݼԸ⣬ô
Ǭ룬Լһˣ𾳽飬ԼȥôǬԲᣡΪȥһˣ̫ˣԼ׵ˣǬҲᣬǬ취
Ǭݼ
ǬҪǳ򵥣㽫֮óĵĵȪˮǳ죬Һǳ֮ħ֮壬֮ܿܺںϣǳʺ֮ûκεų͸ãʵĻ֮һȥͻɱҲУСӵʾԿԣȥ֮֮ͻڿ֦ɢҶ֮ıԴͻĲȫ꣬ͻ
ݼǬΪһھ
ݼ˵꣬ӲĽԼڵ֮˳֮ݼڳһ̣ݼоһǵصϯݼ꣬ݼоԼΪڿٵţָоݼһĲоԼѪĶٵʧ
ݼһӵ龳硣
ݼǿн˺֮ϵڽϵĹ֮У֮ڷͷݼ㾫ҺԱǬλ𻤷ǬϵĴѹ֮ķݼʱж˺֮ϵ
֮£ݼѾûȥˣֻǬȥ
Ǭ֮зһ˿̰֮ġ
ݼһ㶣ĿЩĶǬǬ˿Ҫ֮ݼûκΰ취ݼǬˡ
Ǭһ죬ݺ;ȥñ˵Ķ϶Ҳֻѣȴݼ׽ˡ
ǬİɣҲĶҲãϵĶҵģˣʦ֪һɱңǺǡ
Ǭ֮ѹһַĵ
ַ֮ܵ絤֮ڵȪˮ֮һ˷ܣһʱҵȪȪۣһ˽ȥ
ַ֮ĵ֮ںܿɳַĵ֦ɵַĹ֦ҶַѨλϸѪҺ
ַŮʻҪã֮ڸո֦ɢҶ֮󣬾͵һʱϲ¼ҡȻкַǩԼ
ǩԼĹ֮Уַ֮꣬ŭ
Լ¼ôԱ𻵳أ
ǣ֮ɢԴȥ޲ַꡣ
ǬЦû뵽ԤڵĻãŹʱ֮ȫַںˣѾ޲ַˣʮַ꣬ͻˣǧַ꣬ͻ᳹׵޲ϡ
ݼǳ˷ܣַоˡ
Ǭ㿪ҲûãֳȥԶᱻ
ݼЦֻҪܺһ𣬾ԶߣγһҸ
Ǭ̫ɵ̫棬̫֮
ǬͻȻԼʦֺʦ㣬మʦ𷴶ԣ˲ʦķһ𣬱ʦӡʱѷ졭
ѵİ飬Ŀȥһôֵȥһô
Ǭ֪ǬӣΪȨȥԼŮˣߵֵܺѣ
ΪʵΪܶѡܶɱԼˣ
磬ȥȫһˣô仹ĸô
Ǭ֪ĸУǴ඼ͨ˵ϣߵʲôǣֻʵ
ǰ飬ַ绨ѩ£꼻һֵĸ飬ǬǲŵģֻҪʵ㻹ȱŮôǬ֪ӵкܶŮˣҲһӵа顣
Ǭܵݼַ֮ĸ飬ܵСٻ;ħַ֮ĸ飬ãˡ
ǶҪֿĸ飬ҪԼˣҪֵܣҪѣҪˣǺܶʱÿ˶ɼ֪ʲôʱ𣬴ҵľΪˣ飬ĮĲȥκˣ
磬棬ε˳㣬㣬ֵܱ㣬ܶ˱˺һΣҲˡ
˭Ҳû뵽ַʮ˹ַ֮֮ûȥ޲꣬Ǭ󲻽⡣
Ǭ󲻽ǣַôȱڣȴû˿Ӱ졣
ǬòϣַѾﵽ˴ܵľ磬ʲôأ
겻Ժôͻƴܣ
Ǭжϵĳַڵʣǿͻƴֻʱϵ⣬겻ԶܳΪܣ
ǬҲ֪ʲô
ݼ
磡
˽ıһ𣬺þúþá
ݼڿˡ
磬ˣҺÿġ
˵˼һ±Ĳѣ˶ܸо˴˵˼֪ô֮ĸ鶼ûб䡣
磬ôûʲô
Ѿȫˣ㿴ģôϵ۵ȷǳ֣ҿ϶ˡ
˿ַ̣֪Լ˯һ̣ȷݼǻþ
һǬСӣŮΪ˾㣬֮ˣΪ۵飬Си
ַû˵ʲôٴνݼĺýɵ
ɵأ֮ôˣһ
ַͻȻʲôַʶһûҵ顣
ַͻȻһУΪԼ⿪ħħֵķӡǿʹˡħھŲ㡭
顭
ַǳܣˡħʱҲ޾ǿյȥ֪١
ַȭͷգɱڣ飬İɣϵôһҪ֮أ
Сٻ
û£˾Ȼң˵ħ;ŮԾȻСš
ַԣ黹ԸЩİţֻҪлᣬҾһܾȻ飡ϧһд۵ľȻ飡
ΪַģΣַ綼ҪȻ飬ԼַҲҪȻ飡
ַ֮ͺݼǬһÿ춼˵졣
Ϊÿʱÿ̶ڶ˵ˡ
ַ緢ǬһǳˣȻ𾳽ǿߣûһӣΪ˷ǳơ
ַѯǬʦ˭Ǭһֱַ磬ַǳơ
ԭǬ֮ǰԼʦʦʥʣʱѷ궼ûгȥ
ַһôãַͷˡ
һλһַʲô⣬һһ𣬶ݼȪˮ֮ûͻľ硣
һٶˣҲڣַķˡ
ǬˣڼǧǰܽǬ½磬ôģ
ǬǼǧǰĿռܵ˿ռ֮һ˿ϢὫǬʱɱϢһȻСٻ˳ȥȻСٻԴͳȥҵľ̫ߣ޷ͳȥҷСٻȥΪСٻҵһµˣ취ңأҲˡ
ַ緭ŰۣҲǽô
Ǭ
ַǬоʱˣʲôûо̫ʧˣ
Ǭʱ㶼оʲôʱǿռ佻ӵпռǿ߲ܴȥ
ʱôһʱ
Ǭʱ˵ʲô
ַһ˾񣬡˵һʱѾˣ
ǬЦǸţദ⼸꣬ô㶼½һħͷħ
У˭ϡʲôħֻǰûѡѣѡҲŲʲôħˣʱܴȥô
ǬУ
ַ΢ŭղżʲôΪܳȥ
ҼΪǾ½һʱˡ
˲ۣͣôܳȥ
ڣַû飬ܵĽڣ϶а취
죬ַԵģͻ룬ΪʲôҪʱأڵľ磬ֲ
ʱһʱַַûж㣬ֱַ壬ַ緢֣Լ
ַҿǬЩұˣʱ˲ң
ǬʼѾﵽ˴ܵˣħ֮塢ǳ֮塢塢֮塢Щ꣬þħѾô꣬Щеʱþħںˣ˭֪ʲôʣ´ܵʶûĺðɣ
Ǭ˵ûַԼӵеȫþħںˣ
һֱ˵Ҫþħַ壬ΪԭûЩַһֱ飬һǰַڽеںϣ
Ȼռ˲ַ棬Ҳʹ˲ַ֮ڵκβ֣
ΪַþħԼ궼
Щַ绹ûͻƵۼΪʱռ䣬٣ַڴȥһʱͻͻƣ
ڵͻƣַ粻ңΪ۾ֲ̫ˣַµըˡ
ɣ
Ȼռ˺ַ磬ֱַӽһռ˵ռַĵQ˼¾ͰˣΪֱַѹƵûзأò
飬Ҳַֻ̬ʸˣ˵ʱˣһʱܴ㣡
ַ粻ڣˣ
ַ羪ϲѣǬݼ翴һ㿴ַ硣
ʱҲ
ż񰡣ܶ£ǰתСȴˣ
ǬоԼˣԼ￴һʲô
ַҪ£Ǭݼַֹ绹ˡ
ַҪһʱԼ꣡
ȻʱѾⲻ
ַʲôҵѾ˵ĲˣٱըҲû£˵ˣҵ֮޸Ҷ£ǾͲõˣ
ַ˵ţʱꡣ
ʱոսַоǳӦ»ַ֮ڵǳ֮ħʱ˹Ҫ
ΧֻӰ
ʱͻȻһǳõĵطһ˷ܣ


505 ֮
һ룬ַ翴ʱԼȱڣȱڵ˽ȥȻʱ޾ĺڶ˷ܵȸԾţš
ַɫתĺڶֹ׷ɢȥ
ףԭҵȱǡ䡯Ǵģ
ַ˷ܲѣǬݼҲǷǳ
ַܽʱɵһ·ͿԳȥˣ
ַʱҲӣ󶼽ַ֮ĺڶ֮С
һٵһǧһʮ
ַ֮ĺڶһ޵׶һ㣬жɶ٣Զ
ʵ˰ַ֮ԴҵߣǳݼǬ
ַһʱһǬٷС
˽λöĸȻֲֻȷĸͿԣĸֱĿ·һ߳ȥ
ַһֱһɣڣַ֮緢һǧ﷽Բʱշ籩ɵԲ
ʲôѵԲ֮Ǭ
ַǬǬܼʱշ籩ַһǬ˽ȥô죿
ַԼһʱշ籩ȥȻʱշ籩
ʱշ籩ǿȱȿռҪǿǧ򱶣ǿȴ˲ַ磡
ַʮ磬߲ݵʱշ籩Žʱշ籩һС˽ȥ
ʱշ籩Բһǧ﷽ԲС
ַΪˣʶ֮̽£ȴСڿռ֮Ư
С˷޾ʱշ籩գʱշ籩ȴ޷С
ַоСǱĳǿӡģ
СһƬأʲôûС
ַ˼һʮ׵ʯɷ֣֮ġ
ַɣ˵е֮Ǿĵطôӡʺĵطҳ
ݼ̾һû˿ĵطҲ𡭡
ǬͻȻǰˡ
ʱַҲоǰһ˿ֻôһ˿
ַǰȥʱһ׷ԲԣʮҲ˷
׾룬Ǭͬһʱס
ʦ֣
ʦܣ
Էٷȥıһ
ַ翴˼ѵı飬ƣôˣɣ
ԭǬҪҵʦַҲ֪˾ˡ
˫ܹ潫˴һľݣľﻷǳªǱöˡ
ַ֪ǬģַĿ翴һ㡣
˫˽һ¸Ե֮Ǭʦ֣ʦأ
Һʦʦ𷴶ԣӵ֮ģ֮ʦͰʱҺʦӡܶʱշ籩Ǹͳȥм䱻һʱշ籩֮ǽסҺʦ˿ʦ˵ֻҪƿǶǽͬҺʦҲﴫͳȥҶθлϢͽңһֱûϢ
ַһ̲סʵǰӣ
濴ַ磬ЦǣͽϵǹʥʵͽҸоо
ַǰⶼܿԼʧˣҾû
ЦʧˣѾˡо߾磬ѾΪкһ֮ʧˣȻ㻹ûеڵʺҲȥеģ·֮ϣǺǡ
ַǰǸɶЩҲ֪ò˵
ʲôֱԣСֵܲҪ
ַǰʵ֮ڴˣȫǱĵۺģ׷ɱңŵʱѷ죻ϵ۰Ҵ˸ҹˡ
ɫЩÿǲ˵ԺҪԸϵۺۣ֪ǺΪУ
ַǣҪԸǣҪۺϵ۵ȫΪǻ˾磬̹壬Ů壡Ǵ澧ڣħǵ棬ǻҪռ࣡ȻҪǣأ
ɫӲÿˣд£
ַǧȷԣҲú
ǬַСֵˣǡʦְ£ҿ֤ڻָǬļ֮ʱѾ֪ȥħ;Ůıƭ塢̹塢Ů壬пռ֮񣬶ģȷϵۺġ澧ڣϵۺ۵ȷˣΪΪ˳ΪܣΪ
治ַĻǾǬĻ
ص̾һǳŭĵͽôΥ֮£˳ӦôܳΪܣҳȥ֮һͽ
ַǰϵۺѾ𶥷ǿߣܾ粻ԶˣҲ򲻹ɣ¾ͽҴɣһδεɱңֱܵɣ
ҲǷǳȣۺϵôô쵽𶥷ˣ
ãǾͷСֵΪŻˣ
ʵ£˴ͣòˡ
֮󣬻ֻص֮ϡ
Ǭʦ֣֪ʦ֮ˣû뵽ҲôããΣоˣλַСֵܿʱշ籩
ַǰ¾ͽˣҪ˵һǽˣҽʱշ籩˶û⣡
ѹֲסм˷ܣǾСֵˡ
ַС룬űʱշ籩ȫյ·籩֮ǽ಻ѡ
ǽҪСܵķ籩ܼ
ַǰǽѶȷǳ󣬿Ҫʱܸ㶨ҪҴܵʱշ籩ǳȥǽλƹȥһ濪ڣǾͿԹȥһˣô
ҡͷʦ˵ֻдԽǽҺʦܼ棬ǲܴȥͶȡɵİ취ʦķӡûκõġ
Ǻðɡ
ǣַ罫װǬȻӲʱշ籩ȥ壬ǰʱշ籩
ַоԼ屻ʱշ籩ۣǰ̫ˣŲһСҪСʱʱ䣡
ַ绨£ڴ͸ǽ
ʱַ屻޾ʱշ籩һָ߶ȣ
ڸտʼԽǽʱַ汻ʱշ籩ۣܿѣѣַǰַ彥Ӧֻ彥ϣֱȫӦ
ڴԽǽڵһ˲䣬ַ翴ǽһŮ
˶һ㶣һ̣һѾ֮Ĵ˳ʱѷıԵ
ַǬ˷˳
ʦ㡭
ʦܡ
͹ʥʽıһ˵Ŷ˼֮ࡣ
ַҲҸЦճɾ
֮͹ʥַ˹
ַϿҵıл֮СֵܣлĻҾͲ˵ˣһЩĵرģǣ㶼òϣҲ˼ó֣óֵģҲֻ˵ˣл͹ʥ°ɡ
һлַол̺Ҫŵ֮ǰӵеǸлǿٱֹ
ַŵһ꣬л˵߷ţַȻǳϤ
ַҼ۵лǺǰлν֮ǰΪΣ
Цͽ֮ǷõĲĶ½֮ϣ˾ħ֮⣬ûܺǵ⣡ȻħҲֻܺǵƽֶѣĽľˮ⡢ϵռ״̬ϣħذܣ
ۺϵ۵ķģɽկģ
ַ缱æѣǰѾ˾ħˣλǰҲûã֮صҿܲģλǰλǰʲô˵ˣλǰ˵ûõġ
͹ʥʻǬ˶ַĵ˵ͷɱˣôľ½һ϶ἤ˷ޱȵ£˭ܵջ
ַܾˣ
СֵܣȱžܾûãûãҺʦλȥʦԺ͹ˣھ½ˣҲòˣοʦҪҲ׾٣ʱʦ´ͺá
⣬ɱҺʦͽǵɱҲŻˣҲֱˡĹޣһҪһ񣬾ˣۺϵλãΪۺϵһضңԣҪɫµϵۺۣǣ
ַƲͲĵԭλǰ⣬ǸҺôأҸǰ°
Цұ˰һ治ģѡˣţ
ַռл͹ʥһ
ɫϵۺۣɫ˭أ
桢ʥʺǬַǡ
ַŮ派ѪϵСѩСѩַλãַݼ˹ȥ
֮ھһߵĴ½ҵСѩˡ
硭
磬ڻˡ
ַ硭
ľСѩСèС塢һƣԭַô꣬Сѩ˷˺ܶ¡
ַ֮󣬴Ҷʱ˾ַǵϴǵĹǣ
ʮ֮зСһʮ˳ѰС壡
ôСѩһֱڸ֮˵̲ܵÿ춼ںʮ˶Ȧӣλ
ڣʣʮˣǧһΰΧ֮УΪڻС峷ˣȫûҲˣÿ˶Ա黻Сƽ
ַŭ죬Ƿǳƽ
ְ֡ЩҺ㡭
ַСèͷԡ
ְ֡һҪΪұ𣡡
ַ쳣ƽţİɣʮôǺǣһᣡ
ַ罫֮ȪˮǬ½ȪôҽȥϢ
ȻˣǾħɺַԼӦ
ַԼٻħǷħһѹţٻ
ԣħ˼ˡ
ַħķȥ
һַƮΧʮתַ˹
£кιɣ
ַ絭ĵһѳ׵֮ڽûһڡ
ʮ˸оַϵɱ֪ǲ˵Ķ֣æ㱨
ܿ죬ٶתַ߷˹
Ϊ׵žħ
£İɣ
ַ絭ĵǣڿԻˡ
Ϊ׵Ц㣿һȻѣǶһֱԼûнҲԼˣµãˣͲҪˡ


506 
ַû˵ֱӿ˵ٶ˺Ȼ£һ̣ٶ˶˵Ļꡣ
ԶһЩͽһĻŵĿԵڵء
ַʶһħַС
ַϸĵĸžħžħ֮һѷ죬ַһʹ飬۾ħʲôӣԶΨһõĻ飡ģһ᲻ϧκδ۽㸴
Ǭ֪ˣҶû뵽һַ˵ôҪֱ˵ĸ黹Ҫ
ַ˾ħͻơ
ʱѷﵽû˿϶ûа취ͻƣַľ͵ͻƵıԵ
˿ַ̣Լ֮֮֮ƺĳӵ㣬֮󣬺ݺݵײ۵ţ
޾ǿձ˺ѣ֮ݺݵĴǿ£ƺҪݻһС
ַûһ˿ַֿģԼѾﵽǬ˶޷Ħĸ߶ȣô
еٷַϣַһ㡣
ٹַͻۣţֽ٣ͻƣ

ַһֱͻƵ۾תͣ
ַͻ֮ڵĴ½ͱٵʣ
Ҳ֪ô£ַ֮£
ͻ۵ϯһŴ٣˶ò˼飡
ۣÿͻһתҪһ֣Ҫ֮Ҳһ˿һھ֮ϣǰеľȫҪ򵽼²ͻƣ
۾һͻƾתԴبûгֹ
ÿͻһת֮Ҫһ£ͻƾתǲܵ£
ڣ漣ڳˣܵҲɿˣ
º䶯磬˭Ҳ֪ͻ۾תǸ˭
еַ֮գ
ַ緢֣ʱѷЩ꣬Լÿʱÿ̶ںͿռսÿ춼ܶ۾ˮˣһβͻ˾Ÿ硣
۾ŸľҲγһѭ
˿ַ̣оǵʮ֮һҲԽɱ
ǣַ粻³çϵ۾Ϊһʱ⣬ûĻߣԼһв±硣
ַǵý˵ǿߣֻҪΧɱһҲ
ַԼһ˵սǲģַҪԼԼ
ַѾʮ˻ʣ޼ˡ
˿ַ̣ʮݼСѩСèС塢ľﹲʮˣ
ôַʮ˶Ϊ֮ٶֱ
ۡϵۺǴ˶ΪַѾˣԣַڵľҪھ½ûҵ
ʱСϵۺһֱץң塣Ϊں£һ죬˵õˡ顯ʱۺϵҲ޷⣡
ַ粻⣬飿
СȻ٣Դبġ顯ھӡţӡŮĴܵ˵֮Уõˡ顯ͻΪףɾ͡Ů֮塯Ϊܣ֮ӡǾͻع֮ڣھ֮ÿǧѰһ񡣡
ֻӡǲܿԣ֮ƣҪǵǵõŮµĴܵԻ
Ŷַ粻ĵΪʲôûеõأ
СΪ鱻ʱշ籩ӡţ˭ܽȥӡܸӦλãǸƲʱշ籩ַʱշ籩һܵõ
ַã²˳٣ھж
Ѿռ䶼޾ʱ
籾ڡ֮ǡַɵ֮ǵıԵһƬʱ
ַʱ
СӡǸоλãԣַ粢ʧֻҪԼϢڣʱѰԼϢ꣬ͿԳ
ȷĿĵأַֻ˰ʱ˾֮صıԵ
ʱշ籩ӡ֮һһǧ﷽Բĵ챻ʱշ籩ӡַ֪Ǻ֮ǡ
ϢǴӷӡ洫
ַ绨˰µʱƿʱշ籩˺֮ǡ
֮һ쳣СŨʵʻɽľ·һú۵СݣǶĵر
ռһλõĿռ䣬ַһ̹һԴ
ַ罫Ǭ˷ųҸܵϢ𾪲ѡ
оռɢȻȪˮҪߺö൵Σ
ַ˷ɵһַһںˮֱӾˣ
ˮȪˮҪã
ռ䶼ʵʻκεĶԴҿˮҲûиоʲô쳣Ǻȵ˿Ужʱо˺̥һ㣡
ҵˣĸо찡ѵˮǴ˵֮еȪˮô
ǰҵҲˣȪˮ
£˶Ȳ˺ͺȣ
ʱ䣬һȪˮĻҶǳϧһӰˮӸɽ£ϳǧϴ趼û⣬˭ϧ
ַ翴˶˵Լ󣬿ַ겢ûѾޱ޼ˣôȥ
ַ緢Լˣһޱȵ״ַ̬˵ָоԼԺǰһˣ
Ҷľ׷ͻƵתתûͻƣȪˮĸ֮´ﵽһָ߶ȡ
СèȪˮһ󣬾û˼ˣɽ֣Ļľȫ
ַ翴಻ѣַ֪СèպɸÿСèĵرûˣַǬǰôĵرȻСèԣַ粻ܡСѩСèСèûгĶˣСè͵͵ĳԡ
ΣСèжĵرɽϵʯͷǣСèץʲôʲô
ôô
Ա֮Сèһľĵط˯Ҳѡ
ѾȪˮţǵһֱ󣬵Ȼÿ˵궼м޵ģǵ츳Ĺϵ
ÿ˵СһȪˮչһޣ֮ٶȪˮˡ
ͬģʡ硢Ϊͬĵ˼ޣͲˡ
ַ罫Ȫˮ棬ΪصҲҪ֧֣ԣȪˮõԴ
ȻȪˮȥصʶ꣬ǲܵģϵ
˵ֻȻ֮ܽ
ַӵе֮ԼģȻ֮
ݼȪˮһµʱͻƵתݼǴ۾ģֻҪ֮Ϳͻƣַ粻ȱ֮ռҲȱ
ԣݼͻƷǳ˳
Ȫˮ˰֮˵궼˼£ҲŲ뿪
˶뽫СԼ򣬵ܶʱշ籩ķӡַ֮⣬ûռĹ쳣ǿ˵򶼳ܲˣȥű
ַȻҲ⣬¸㶨ַ֮СҲֻĵܳĿռ
˵룬ֱġ顯Ĵڵ룬˶֣ǴӾ֮ɢ
ƺһ͸ˮоһƽĺһ㣬ƺǾֹģʱʱĻᵴһ
ʱСƯڿУ߷ӡǵ˾顣
ӡǵƺռͬһԴС֮ʱ֮еӡǵһֹ

ӡǵĽ𽥵ıա
ִַӡǵһԿһ㣬˾֮ϵһ
֮С彫еӡǵȫգ
Сͷеӡǵͷ˺ˮ
ţû˿õľͻȻһ۵Ľ˸֮еһöʵӰ
桢߲ʱ
μŮ
˼ΰݣѣַͺľҲͬʱΰݡ
ɡ
ŮǾ֮ڣȻܲŮϢÿ֪һŮ
ַŮĻӰõŮҲõŮ˶õķǳʵǴòϢͶѹƶ˵ģûֱܷǼٵģ
Ǵ˿ŮĻӰϢκεΣֱӸʶһǳʵĸģ
Ů΢΢һЦЦƺǣÿ˵飬ÿ˵΢΢һЦһ̹
֪˶ˣ˿飬ҸܵеΪһħǿϸ֮⣬˵̫ˡ
Ůһ۾Ϳַһħַ಻ѡ
ΪַƣŮǴܵĻڴܵ˿϶ˣĿ
ŮҲ̫ˣҳΪ֮޷½Ұҵһ˿Ϣӡʱѷ棬ΪҵϢҲ½ʵ磬һ˿Ϣʹ³ʲô⣬ͷӡʱ֮С
˶𾪵ľκˣܵһ˿Ϣʹż񰡡
ܵжǿ
ǵȴǵĺҵֻÿ˶ǿܸܽӵĳãˣһħŮ֮⣬˶ÿ򶼲Բ֮Ƭķӡȫ֮龳絽𾳽ÿһ˿鵽ԲԶ͸ˣסǳΪ𶥷֮Ҫе֮ռ䣬Ǻ;磬ȥ޲ı㣬Ҳ澧ڵĵطǵ̫ˣʱ޲澧ڱ򿪣棬룡
ǧҪе֮ռΪУһһ˿͹ˣ˶Լк棬ģȫ޲棡ɴ棬ǼبŴ棬Ҳ뿴ڳʼھͱ𡭡
Ů￴СѩŮ洺ˣΪҵĺˣΪҵĴˣͽˣһ㿪ӡǵȫȻ֪ôȥ޲棬ҵĺ˱ܰɡǵΪΪ𾳽֮󣬳ȥĵһ¾޲棡¶ҷһߣ


507 ͻ
Ů˵꣬Ӱʧӡ»صС꣬СĴѾ֪ôȥʹˮ֮ڵ֮Ҳ֪ȥ޲档
СɢһѸٵıСΪһȭͷСˮ򣬱СץС
ֳһƬžҵĿⶼСеˮ򣬴Ҷ֪ˮ֮ܵÿֻҪһ˿Ժܴﵽľ磡
СЦǶҪżÿһ˿˵ˮ֮ǳǿҪԼΪȥжգҲ˵ȴһתľȥȻתתһֱѭ򽥽ֻҪﵽѭôͳɹˣһֱ𾳽磡Ȼ𾳽Щ֮ļޣܲܳΪܣ֮Ҫǵ츳Ŭˡ
ܳΪͿԺɨ磬Ҷƣܣַ֮⣬˭ԼΪܣ
ÿһ˿֮ܵȻַҲ⡣
֮Ҫһתľȥ򣬽ǰиƬںνһ𣬴ѭҪǳʱ䡣
ַõֱַ֮֮֮۾ת֮ӹ죬ͻ
һٴĹƺĳƣĹǴƶĹٽֻǰ׷Բĵַ̣һ֡
꾳ַ粢ûеֵÿһٶһ˿Ļַϣ֮ǿҲûнַ˷ֺ
ַڵʣûܸʲôˣԱԴ֮κһҪǿ
ͻˣַоֻصĴѾһ룡ֽһ߶ȣ
ַȥתַֻ˼ʱȫתֵ֮ǣ粢ûͻƣ
ַ֪Լ
ͻ֮ʱҪ;綼ҪͬʱﵽͻƵٽͻƣȱһɡ
֮ȥ֮ǳѣ֮棬Ѿӵֻ֮Ҫ;繻ˣȻͻƣ
ַôģأǰٵ֮Ƭǳ鷳νӸӵ鷳Ȼµ֮ںϸϼѣ
ַûȥʲôһ
չ£ַɹĽһ˵ڰ˲㣬ǵھŲȴȥ
ַǳֻʱͽǳ㡢߲ϡ
šǳ߲ϣַͻתˣ繻ˣȻͻƣ
ڰ˲͵ھŲǶַΪԼѾޱ޼ˣѾܽˣַȪˮ֮󣬸оǰ˺ܶ࣬˵ַ껹Խ
ǣַǳڰ˲㣬ڰ˲㱾Ƿǳѵģڰ˲չĹҪ£ַѾҪչˣԵڰ˲˳ϣ
ڰ˲㣬ַȻûչֻȻһ£ַоԼɽˣ
֮λãǸޱȾ޴ĺڶˣ
ǰַʶǲܽڶȥ̽⣬Ϊڶ˵ַʶڣַʶԽȥ̽⡣
֮̽£ַԼԼŴˡ
ںڶ棬ޱ޼ʵʱ
ַʶһŽڶ֮ڵʱַôһ֮£Ȼɹˣ
ַ羪ϲѣԺˣʱպ͵˶ս˭ܵס
ַǳھŲ㣬ȥ
Ǿϲǳǿ˵ҪǳھŲĻֻҪ;ǿȵܣͿԳΪĴܣ
Ҳ˵һ͡ħһֹ㣬ҲԳɾʹܣ
ħһַħ½ħ֮ʱѾ˶㣬˿̣һ͡ǳ˵ڰ˲㣬ھŲ㶼ȥ
ַ֪ԼҪĥҪ֮ϵҪ
ַǽʽ졯͵ʽƾġ
һУԽԽ࣡ͱһʵȻÿһֻǱʮ֮һѣԻˣ߾û⣬ս֮Ҳǳʮһ
ǧжǿ
ַһ£ʮַûȥΪַȥ˷Ѻܶʱȥչ﷦ζȥ
ʽƾġֱƽ֮͹ʽֱ֮ƿ֮ش꣡
ǽֱΪǳ֮ɱ
ڡħַʹõһСɡ֮⣬Ķʹòˡ
ΪħǾħĹһʧħ֮ϵĹҲ漴ʧ
ַ׼뿪Լĸƻ
Ѿѡչغͻƣûа취ûһܱȵַ̬
ַߣ뽫װ棬ʧˡ
ΪĹǴƶĹǵҲ޷ܣ
ַ罫ĵرȥһ㣬˵𵴣
ַһæ˳
κζǴߵģַ籾뽫Ȫˮһ㣬Ҳʧܣ
û⣬װԼ򣬴ܵĹͻ֣
ôöȴʲôߣ̫ϧˡ
ҶչأŮҲ˵ҪΪ֮ܳȥûϧΧֳ֮ɵģֻҪ絽Ϳͻƣ
ַ粻һַ̫ˣǳ֮ﶼûеģ
ַҪȥҪչΪǴƶûҲͻû
ԣҲ뿪
ȻַҲû£ΪСеˮ׵ƿʱշ籩ȥ
ַûдҵĸԱһĴ֮Ͽ˼֣һǡ
ַȥ֮󣬵һ¾ȥʮˡ
ַľ磬ȥɱۣ׾٣
ַòϢսĵ̣ս½ǳа﷽ԲһǳĳУסĶսˡ
ַɵսϿգʶսڵĴ½ûҵս
ַ֮󣬰ɱһļ䣬óģսȥ
ʶһѰս񣬵һֱûн
㲻ڣҾʹɱ䣡Ƭ½ܹٶܵסô
ֱַӿ˵󵽱Ƭ½ʮݺݵ½˹ȥ
ٶڵһʱܵΣյϢſͷһƬڳĴ½
˴ʧɫ֪ͷһ
һԼĻһ㶼ǰ״Ц༸ǧ״Сͷս½ʮ
֪ǿǸ߽۾磡
֪Ѿûˣսûڣ˭Ҳֵס˵Ĺ
ͬʱǵ򣬼ͬʱյĵݺݵ˹ȥ
䣡
䡭
ַ֮һͿŵ½Ҫ
һ£϶ÿ˶ʹԼ͵⣬ôԺ֮󣬵Ὣ˵ȫɣ
ò˵ͬʱǺεǿ󣬱ըǺε׳ۣǵҲըʮ֮һ
ֻʮ֮һѣٶȫĹɱ˵򱻵ɡգ
ս½ݺݵײн綹һ㱻ײƬʧããǿ֮С
սֻڼʮ֮ս½սӴھʧ
ٶٴνٴǿٴδﵽһǰδеĸ߶ȣ
𾳽
һɱַûһ˿ı仯˵ֻһ㡭
ս٣ַ˾ս
ַոճϿգʶѰ񣬵ûѰȴѰ΢Ϣ
һ룬ַѾһλߣԭķ
Ѿַ磬ڵһʱ䣬һҲ
˶Ŀɨǧ׿ַ磬Ŀ֮дһ˿ɻ
ǳ¹һģһķǰı
ߵʲôˣ
ɱˣ
ַشķǳֱӺᡣ
սǸ»ô
ַȻϢôô죿
ǣʮۺܿͻΪʷҪݻɱˣ
侲ĵµʲôˣʮʱ£
㲻ùʲôˣıĻܿͻΪУ
ַ˵ô̵ʱ䣬½Ѿٻ߰Χÿ˽ͷȴź͵һս
Ȼַʱ䣬˼һɱſ죡ˬ
ЦԲѣۣҲڣ
Ļ䣬ϿգַΧ
˵˰ɣôʼˡ
ַĻ䣬ֱӿֱײ·֮һĲҽַ˵򶼱ɡ
ûܵסַ磬˴Ҳס

˴ͬʱ֣˹ַ֮
ߣҪΪŮˣҾͲɱˣһɣ
ǽ
ǳ֮֮ںϵ˸ȥͬʱо˶Է֮֮ɫ䣡
ֿе֮ȫʩչַĹȥ

Ǽ׷Բߵ֮ನ˲ķ飬ţ˸֣ŵĿַ硣
˿ַ̣֪粢ۣ
󣬰˵֮ð⣬ţɷĩ
ַڵľת֮ʱһתľ磬ֻǷҲûӵ۵ԣַһ֮½ɱ
֮˸𣬷׷ƴ˷ɢ
ַɱˣɱҲ̫ȥ϶ܶ˻ߣַǿգݺݵ½ȥ
½֮󣬵ٴν
ַתֳ
ַĳ˽ȥÿ۶ڣҪһ棬ַ粻֪ȥ
ַ˻ļ䣬֪ۡϵۺͶʮȥˡ֮Ĺ
ַĵ֮ƺϾҪȫֲôһʲô
ַȥɱˣ
ַӻ˽⵽֮Ĺھ֮һ½Լ·̣ʮ۰ߵǿ߼ˣʣµ֮иûǿߣ
ֲַûһ۵ı֡
ꣿ
Ȼ·̶Ҫַ꣬ʮҲز
ԣַ޼ɵĳ˶ͬбķʽˣ
ַھתƣʮķ
ַҪ׽ʮݻ٣
ַɱң˭Ҳ뵽ôһǿֻ߳ʮ


508 ֮Ĺ
ַ絽ɱ֮ʱЩԹԵıŹʮƲ˹ϵ
ַһս޲ʤħͷһ㣬κ˿Ҫܣ
ȻַûȤȥɱЩߵˣûȤȥݻ
˶е˲ɼ֮ӡ֪ѾΪ״̬ǵǵ֮Żûд򿪣
ַϸϸĸʱѾַͻƵҪַͻתͣ
ַͻ̫ˣҲǼʱȫٶȺ͸ֱ죡
ַȥ֮Ĺļֻ֪ۡϵۺʮȥ֮ĹҲ֪ȥʲô
˵һǷǳҪ£
ַ簴ջϢһֱУһַ֮ڵ֮Ĺĵ̡
ǣеʱ
ַ˽ȥʶһַ緢ʶ̽⵽ǧʱ
ÿ۶֮ݺѹĿռĿռѹƽ⣡
ĻҪȥͲʧ档
ַ羪̾ҿ˭˵ֻʮۣа˰ٶתµۣٶתϵĸ߽ۣ
ǧۣôֱ֮࣡ʣ
ȻЩ˶ʮۺϵۡ۵ˣ
Щھûгֹ
ַоͷԷǣƣİַŵˣ
ѵϵۺ۵ĴӪôǻѴӪô
϶ǣϵۺ۵ĴӪڵַҲ֪
طôַۣҲֻĶӣطʱôַۣһ㶼£
άռƽ⣬ֻҪַ֣ĿռƽңͿ԰˾ʱ֮УԶ
ȻַҪƽ⣬ǳѣΪ̫ˣκһطʧȥƽ⣬Ǿͻ֣ʧȥƽĵط޲
ַոճȥͱ۵ס£һģô·ûб־
ַ統Ȼڲַ֣ܶҪȥһ£ʲôڶ֣ƽңͶ۵ļ䣬ַҲҵĵص㡣
ǻˣѵǸܲҵϢô
ַ¶۵ϢˣΪе۶ûлɡ
ֱַȥֻҪ¶۵Ϣû˵
ַûһ·ϣΪַɹļ䣬Ի·ǳ˽⣬ȽһЩ
۶ڿռ֮ѹſռƽ⣬аڵѲߣĿռѹƲסǾͻǰȥæԣַھͳ䵱ֽɫĴתƣû˻ַ硣
ԽɣʱԽǿҲԽࡣ
սḶ́ʲô
ʱ۵סַȥ·
ַѲôǹܵô˵ȥĵ̣·
ַûˣǰȥֻһû˵ʲô
ַһֱ룬Уתһ£ַ̽⵽׿ʱݺύｻְ֣λѹſռƽ⡣
˽֣ռƽױƣ԰۾ۼһѹƿռ䣬ÿռ䱣ƽ⡣
ַ缱æ˹ȥҲʹ֮æѹƽ⣬Աһ۸мĿַһۣʲôû˵
ַ翴սˣһַҲǳϤϵۣϵ۵ı
ϵùʥһ˹ÿһ¶޾֮
һˣׯϱ࣬ͷʥڣֳлۣ
˽ֺûȫҲ´ƽ⣬ֻǱ֮˵սǿѹѹַЩİÿɫ԰ףͷ亹ֱȻÿ˶ȫȥֿսѹ
ʱԶٷʮӰ˰۵ıԵʮ˿ս֮ϵˣüͷ塣
ʮʮ
ַ뽫ɱַ粻ңַоϵۺ۵ΪԼܿģ
ǧۣʮ۵Ϊʲô磬ַڲ̽
˾ǰǰۣʮۣϵۺۣʵַʱշ籩ԵУҲóȻ֡
ϵۺڴˣ֣ͣϵԵ۰С
£е۶һ˷ɢȥʮҲ׷ɢȥ
һٶ۲ѹռƽ⡣
һٶۣתϵַۣҲ켣С
ַҪŪϵۺ۵ʲô
ǧۣΪʲô
֮Ĺ
ﵽʲôܣ
ϵ۶۵ݣӮˣһûôˣ
۵˵㣬ÿΪġ֮Դô취ֱƿ֮Ĺڵʱշ籩ʱҪٻж٣αÿһÿôģ궼ܳΪ籾Դ֮塣
ϵ۴ðбȥʱշ籩ûǸ£ΪǴôյͲˣôеʱ䣡
۵ҿ˷ѵʱ䣬һ͡ħһ
ϵ۹ֽе֮ǧʱǧۣǣҪ㣬ҾøܣĻ֮ԴΨһΪܵĻᣡ˵˵ȥ뿪Լ鵰⣬룬ǿô
ڣַϵۡۺʮǧʲôˡ
ԭбԴϵۺҪձԴͱԴ֮壬ɾʹܣ
֮ĹԴ
֮ۺϵ۵ĿһֱڶʱĳһͻȻ֮еʱڼٵתռ䱻˺ѳһǧ֮ѷ죬ѷ֮Ѹٵıһɹɵʱշ籩ʱշ籩Ѹۣ˼תʱպ
ʱպһɲĺڶһ㣬ƺҪһЩɡ
ϵۺʱպıԵȥ۴Уһ
ϵȫ֮ס˷ʱպۺϵ۵Ӱʧʱպ֮С
ַһȻʱպ
ٸһ㶣󾪣һܹȥ
û˶⣬˶ΪɱʽΪ
ַܿҵϵۺַۣ翴ϵΪۻմʱպĳļص
ַ֪ǡ֮
ʱպѹѹַһܣַٵʱպѹǳ
ڼʱܵνںһͻγʱշ籩ڼƵʱշ籩ܵںһͻγʱպ
ԣʱպǿռѷǿ
ϵΪۻͷ˵εκˮɫ԰ףȻȫڵֵʱպ
ַ˹ȥʱϵۺͬʱַ硣
ַû˵һʱպۺϵϯȥ
ϵۺͬʱ󾪣ַ֮ʱպɢ
ַӰѾ嵽һ
۶ַ˭Ϊ͵Ϯǣ
˿̣λ׿ַ磬Ͼһ󾪿֮ɫ
ַ絭ĵˣǾȻҵĵɱԴֱ
ϵۼæԭǰĹˣǰòǲϲˡǰϴδʮΪһϵûУ˲ûж⣬ֻһĻѣǲûдȥ֮Ĺ˵Ҳ޷ʱպ
ĹˣҺôıòʮ۴ңô£
ԣϵۺϴˣѵﻹô
ַˣȥ֮ĹĻʱպͿԵ
ϻ˵ҵĵ̲Ҵкɣ
ַ˵꣬ȫʱʱպۺϵϯȥȻַ뽫ۺϵ۴ʱպģĻϵۺ۾ͻԶʧʱѷ죡
뽫ۺϵַÿԲ
ۺϵͬʱ󾪣˱תȥֿ˷ʱպ˸û뵽ܿʱպ
ʱպֲ̫ˣۺϵ۸ûַ罻֣ôӳȥһ֮ѹƲסĿռƽ⣬ʧԶȥˣ
ַȻʱպǻСתˡ
ۺϵ˶һֻ̤ܾǿߣȫ֮ǺεȵĿ£ֱӽַʱպһƬգ
ţϵۺһ̵Ĳˣַ类˱֮ನУַʱպġ

ȻѾʱպģַֻǰϵۺˣԼڳȥԻǧĹʮַҲ̣
ַʱպǰѹԴַͻת֮ǿˣʱպ룬ַҲƽأҪﴩȥַҲ֪Ҫöá
ַһֱǰУַ֮ڴԽʱպ
ǰһƬڳĿռ䣬ռ䶼ʵʻַ֪ǻ֮
ַ糣ĺһо嶼ԡڱԴ֮Уǳ̹
硭
ַΪԼ˻þ˺µַ𾳽ܲþô
ַʶѾռ䣬ȴκε
ʲô
硭
ַȻתʶѹȶȥ˸գʲôûУ
硭µַĺ
ӣ
ʱ򣡡
ʱʱַ֮ȻһץһɫӰַץ
磬Ūˡ
ַȻһϲ£㣿
һ˭û뵽￴磬Һÿģǲҵġ¿ֵЦš
ַоѾûһ˿ħ˵µħѾ
ַźϵϢһ£ˣ
ǰ˰һΪһȷأǷŷ綼ץסң϶
ַ缱æʵôΪλռ
ôˣ粻רԼģֻ֮ɡ
µʦռ֮Ҵˣڽʱ棬ʦʮۺǧ۸ˣ֮Ǿһֱʦһٶǰˣ֮ʦôеķʽȫҡ
ռ֮񣿴ߵǸͷô
µǰʦķʦңػģҲ֮ĹػߣһֱѰĴˣҵңķ˴κҵ壬ֿ֮ҵġ֮塯ʦΪңҲôҲᱻʮ۴ˣˡ
ʦ𻹽һϹҶڰ˲ˣò˶Ҿͻˣ
ַ಻ѣֲǣͷῴغ£ԭ»ǻ֮壡
֮ĹĹأôһƬ磬ʲôûУ
ַ籾ΪĹأһѾʲôûС


509 ˫
µʦ˵Դ㣬˵һϵĴܴʱǴ￪ʼģҲĻ㣬˥߻֮ʱ֮ʱҲǴ￪ʼԣŽ֮ĹѾˣҲˣĻϢʼʱǳıԴϢʦ˵ǵ𶥷徳֮ħ֮ıԴϢͻƴܣ
ַˣΪʲô֮ĹףϵۺΪʲôҪձԴˣϵۺ۶֮壬ҲǶıԴĻͻΪܣ
ַõһ˷˼ϢѾˣҲˣ
¿ʼµȻѾˣΪλأһԶֹͣѭַͻȻָоǲںһУ
ãϵۺ˹ҪȻǳ˴ܣͱסˡ
¼ʦ֮ǰһػռ䣬ػǣػ磬ػ½ǣ磬ҾΪռѾˣѾʼˡ
ˣô£
гһȭͷСˮ򣬺ˮﻺܿ죬ˮһʮֱľ޴ˮ
ˮ･ĳһĻ桭
ַ翴½֣̹ˣ֮˴߿Уһ棬ϵĶϣøִǿɱ˵У½һƬңռҲ
ħô½ħ֣ΪڿսѪɺӣʬҰħ½һƬңʥ͸һԿħһӻңֲǣħ֣鶼Ѿħ
⡭һô¡ħͨΪʲôȫˣ
СٻʱΪȡħħ֣Ҳͨûѹ϶ˣһжħı
ңһжɵô
СٻҪֶħ;Ůɡ
ַ絣ĵĲʲô²ռĻ𣬶ǵļںˣ
ʦ컹ڵħô½ţˮħ½
µ磬ʦ𽻸ҵ˵ôȥɣʦ˵ռѾգҰѡھŲ㣬ǾͿͨˮ͵κһռ䣬ʼ޷ͻƵھŲ㣬ͻƣҵϷҲ޷ռ֮ϵħϳȥ
ַڲףں֮ǣΪʲôŮô𾳽磬һ¾ȥ޲֮
ַ£а취ͻƣ
ڣַҪľǽ´ȥ֮ǣú¿ͻƣ¶Сǡ
ַú´Ǭ֮ʱպȥ
֮󣬵˳ַ֮ԶԶĿۺϵ۵Ӱ
ַģȫʱպȻڳȥ
ϵۺۿַ磬èһӵԶԶģַʱպǼʮۣ
ʱֻ֮˽֣Ϊᱻʱɢ
Ȼַ粢û֮ϯżǧֱĿռǰͳȥ
ϵ۴죡ѹסռƽ⣬ҪȻǶ棡
ԽԽ۳ߣֻҪѹסƽ⣬ַܽɱ棡
ʮ۵ĹԶַǵصľһ½ַΧĿռɢַ屻ʮ׿⡣
ַʲûˣǰۼַѹ
ַȻ֮ڵĺڶ˳һֱ׷Բʱշ籩
ַ罫ǰ﷽Բһա
ַų˺£Ժµռ䴫ͣ
ʱպǿռ֮ķҲҴͣΪʱպռ伫䲻ȶһͲãͻʧ档
ڣַ罫ǰգ˹ȥ
ַͺµӰոʧ֮ĺַڵλá
ǰа۵סַȥ·
ǰȥ·׷
ʱ򣡡
£Ŷ
ʱ֮£ַ籧źһ·񱼣֮е͹ʼַм䴩󣬶һֱͣķŶ
ַͺ´Ӱ۵İΧ֮оյĳ˹ȥһĲҽ֮·ŵĶʮ۶
ȥַ֮һѣΣʹáȡ
ַ˰ۣٶȣһʱ׷
ַĶĿƮʮˣʮۣ
ʮַʱŷ֣ÿһתҵ
󷽣ϵۺ۴׷

ַ类ǰ˽ӣ
ַʱպʮ֮һ¾ͻᱻɢ
µĶûõģ
ַսǬ
䣡
ַ类ʮַֻһƤ˶ѣ֮ȴһ𵴡
ǽ֮죡
ǧ񹦣
ͻȻʮʮˣÿֶһģһϢҲһģһ
ʮҲֲһһǼ٣ʮɢһ˶һ
ַץ˻ᣬȻһʱշ籩ߵķѹ˹ȥ
ȡһʱͿռ䣬ַ缱æԺµ£ÿռԸˣ
¼ҵĿռʱÿռ壡
ַƣսǬ
ʱַʮѾַʮĹַֻʱʱշ籩סϵۺϾҪ
ۺϵ׷Լ·һ
ѵҪ﷭ô
ַͻȻǳǿǳǿҲ۾תҲﲻʲôæҪĻһܰԼȳȥ
ϧ鲻ڡ
磬ߣ
ͻȻһޱϤַĶڣһѪɫѪַð˳һѪɫֱ۽ַһѪɫڡ
ĪƣĪʹáѪħ󷨡֮еѪݣַˡ
һַ̣ĪѾʱ֮ʮǧˣϵۺʱ׷ַ֪ϵۺҲ׷
Īƾַ磬ַ粻֪ǸøмǸʹޣ
ܣζˣҪȻˡ
ĪƵС㵽һ٣ҲһֱѪݼæ˹üʱ
ַǶôͳһˣ
ţˣû뵽Ѿͻ̫ˡ
ַЦҲ찡ڶѾ۾תҲû뵽Ҳô졣
磬СǶѾȥħˣһȥħǰɡ
ַЦȥɣڻЩҪҪ֮ȥħǡ
ĪƼæ磬ڸħ;ŮǵһҪ£ħ;ŮĸǸ֮һȥɱʮۡϵǡ
ҵĸĸôһ
ַѾ֪ռǴˣҼȥҵֵܣȥɡ
ַܸоĪƶԻչֵֹģÿһĪƺһַ磬ַжǳˬ
ʵַҲʱ̽־ڲʱ򣬵Ժȥħǣٿɣַ絹Ҫǵˣʲô
Ī磬Ҳ㣬һȥһָѪħʱѾˣҪħǣȥˣֵħǵ㣡
ţء
ַоĳĪѾǸĪˣθоǳУѾѪħ
ַҹݵļٷУȥ˺֮ǡ
˶ڵ֮ڼַĿʶÿ˵ɨȵķÿ˵϶Ϣת֮¡
ַʱûоˣúڴ
¸ܵռ𾪲ѣֲ÷Ҫͻơ
Ȫˮ裬壬֮˼ŵرַ֮СҪһ˿֮ܵúա
ƴַȹ֮ϵϡ
ڰ֮󣬺ͻ𣬵ǡûھŲ㡣
ַԽԽļҲַ֪ǳżƴԽżʵ䷴޴
֮һ죬ҵַ磬磬ʵһ취ͻơ

ַޱƵĵΪβ˵˵ʲô취ʲô취
µһ죬ſԣǵߵĻȥ
²˵ַżˣȻ±죬£϶ʲôַ֮˿̹ܲôˡ
ַźµ֣ޱȽĵãʲô취˵Ĳҵֵ£ǳʲô£ҲԭԼġ
µͷܺߵģ磬ҵġһ񹦡Ѿﵽ˺һ߾磬Ҳ֪һ񹦡˫֮˫ݵĻͻӵб˴˵Ĳ֮Ҳ໥ͨԷ򡶻ټϷĲһܿͻơھŲ㡣
ַһסˣҲ֪Ϊʲô˵취ˡ
˫ޣҲŮ֮ͬ¡
ַ֪Լ³ħ֮ǰһֱεĺܺãǳħ֮󣬺°ԼĸΣޱ˵˳Ҳ˳
ַһֱѺµãֻǵô
ַϲµģҲǰµģַѾݼַԼ˾ݼ
Ȼ˵֮һȢϼƽ֮£ַǴӵģдСװһһƵĸһֱ߲֮
ַãһϲһŮ˾ͺãһŮ˾ͺãϲϲǸǶԼ˵Ĳң
ŵǵ£ַöԲݼԲŵǣ£ַҲһֱûиݼַ粻֪ôȥ˵
ˣһ˲ӵ檣ˣݼܽôܽô
ַ֪СѩҲϲԼôַһ𣬺ôྴô
ڣֵܵأͶţʲô£ַĲԭԼ
ҪԼ˫ݣַ粻ǼٵģһɫŮһ˲ᶯģ
οֵѣҪµˮͣ˿̾㲻ΪԼҲҪΪֵܰɣ
ַôͨˣΪֵܣ
ΪֵܲźͺǸġ
֪˿ַ뷨ֱӽַ
Ȼ£ַһݼ֪
ַͺ½Ǭ½һ񹦡˫ݷŸַ磬ַһͶ
һƬﻨӵ
Ůˣַ֣Ϊַŵһꡣ
µĶǳɬַĴ֮ºܿ״̬
ɫ԰ޱߡ
˿ַ̣ͺͬʱת˫ݹȻǺַϣֻ˫֮תͬںϣ
˶ԵõԷԼõĹи򣬲κ˺һȡ̣˶ﵽһµľһ߶ȣ
ַڵǳʼַ֮ȫѨλ󻺻˽֮˺µ塣
˿ַ̣ͺַͨȫԿƺڵǳµ壬ַ緢֣ԼȥǳǳҲеĸµ壬ͺڸԼһ㡣
ڵĻҲʼӿַ壬ַ塣

Ӧ˵Ǹ죬ַȫ֮գַѾ̬ںϣ


510 ֮
ַоԼһߵĲȥںϡ
ַ磬磬ܸܵǳ֮塢ħ֮塢ҽ޾Ļ㣬ôԷôʿ϶ܽеĻգֿӵһµʣ֮壬ʱӵԴ֮壬ŷһܳΪܵģ
һϳʣԴ֮壿
ǰ޹˺ߣԴʼ֮ΪԭʼıԴǳ֮ǿյħ֮ǹռҲռľˮⰵϵ
ʱƣַоַоڵĻ٣ַն٣ģַоЩӦĸо
ǣתԴԴϵĻӿַڣʱ򣬺¿ʼ򡶻ھŲ㣬ַޱĸܵŹתȫݳַʶ֮ڡ
ַ翪ʼһ㣬ŹѶ߲֮ڡǳַֻǳÿһʱǼʱΪַ籾ǳ֮壬ںʱھͳӴǳַǳ֮зǳ˽⣬ַʡѾȫˡǳҪټǳǿһַָĸҲˮɣַķǳ졣
ڻַǵһνӴַȫӦַľҲȫԿƻַһָоԼһЩַ֮ڣԼҡһ޾Ҫǣַ緢ֻǳ֮֮صϵַֻĸоַץסһʲôָоһʧַʶߡ
ַӸоڻ֮ؽַʱ֮ʱַ֮ڵ֮Ȼ˼£ֹԹԵĴ
ַԻų⣬Ȼֲûĸо
ַ翪ʼһ㣬ַоѶȷǳַ֮ʱµʶԡĵһĸһޱӿַԺ
ַһϲԭ˫򶼿Թ
磬һ񹦡ǡ롮˵һ߾ֱӸ롮ͨЩ꣬Ҳô졣
ţˣ£רѡڰ˲㣬һͻƵھŲ㣡
˺¶ԡĸַˮɣһӵһͻƵ˵㡣
ǰֻʮӣЩѶˣַҲֻʮӾͻƣ߲㡢ڰ˲ʱͻϣ
˿̣ЩĴǿַǧĹֻʱ䣬ֱӻݡ
ַ緢ȥȥա
ȻҲҪһý飡
ֻӵл֮˲ſ֮ʱҪӵл
ûлĴڣǻ֮Ҳ޷
ԣȥʼĵطҲǡ֮Ĺ
Ҳġ֮Ĺȫǻ֮
ý飬֮Źת֮ھͻԴԴϣ󽫻֮תƵꡣ
˵ڰ˲㣬ַҲ޷ͻƣ֮֮ȱһʲôоֻһֲȱһ㡣
ַ类ԼĸоһԴ֮һȱôô
磬ҸܵĸоǰҲָоо֮һֲȱ֮γɵġ֮ʱҺָоĻСȴûС

ʲôǲô᲻
ַǵãڻԼ֮֮ʱ֮˼£ַΪų֮֮ѹһ£֮֮͹ԹԵˡ
ַŴӵһ˿ոճɲǣͻЩʧصԷȥȥ
ַоⲢų⣬Ҳǹַܸо֮䴫˷ܣ
һѸٵĽںһʱַͺͬʱޱĸоڡ͡һĻ
ַˣʲôеĻ˽ȥ
ַ翴С֮֮͡ڿںϣĻ
ʱٴνôһ
ĻǸ˵ĸоȴַַһʱӦ
һ÷ǳתһ־÷ǳڿַǳףգһзǳ󡭡
һ飬һΪǶԵģһΪǴģõ˾ˡ
˿̵ַĸо
ǻһٽ㣡

ַͺ¶ڵһʱץסָоַӿ˺µڣץס˾ҵоתھŲ㣡
ˣҲˣˮɣͬʱͻơھŲ㣡
ͻ֮󣬶˵Ļ֮ڵĻٴθı䣬ַдﵽһոµĸ߶ȣ
ַ緢֣һֻء֮ȫ򿪣ڽ˶״̬
ַ֪ǰΪʲôôȥŬʼմ򲻿֮ˣΪȱ١
֮Ŵ򿪣汻ӡǧʹ߷׷׳˳һâҫֻ֮ڴ򿪣
ǧʹ֮߳󣬸˾ְ֮󣬺ܶ˶ʧ뿪˵
ַ֪ȥ˺ƽһռ䣬ȥ׽꣬ЩͶ̥ת
ʹߺͶջһǿģǵʹˣǲ׽꣡
ַʶһ֮̽ڵ״
֮ĵΪʮ˲㣬ʮ˲֮󣬾ġֻء֮ţͶġֻء֮ͬһԭͶ̥ת
һ㣬ڶ㣬㣬Ĳ㣬㣬㣬߲ͭ㣬ɽڰ˲㣬ɽھŲ㣬͹ʮ㣬ţӵʮһ㣬ʯѹʮ㣬ʵʮ㣬ѪصʮĲ㣬ʮ㣬̵ʮ㣬ɽʮ߲㣬ʯĥʮ˲㣬
ʮ˲ġ㡱ָռ£ʱ̷ϲͬʱ֮ϡ
֮ˣ֮κδ󣬶ᰴ̷ڵܷ
ʮ˵ʱĳ̣еȼضУʱĹ;ӵ֮ԣһյ˼ǧ߰ʮ꣬ʮΪһ£ʮΪһ꣬һ꣬Ҳ˼һʮ꣬ճƣÿһǰһʮһʮ˵ʱֱ޷ݣҲ޷ˡ
ǽ꣬϶ֻҪ̷ܹͿֻת
﹫˽κ걻ʹץ֮Ƿ˻񣬶ǹƽԴĵκᱻѹƣ
˵ǰһʹ
ܲ˵ĥôѡ걬飡
Ŀַǳ˷ܡ
ʱַΪͻƵ㣡

ޱӴٴӿз£ֹͣ˫ݣ٣ǵסģֲַַܵҪȫԼ壡
ת

֮һַͻת
תˣַоûͻƵĸоˡ
ַ绹ͺ˫ݣڲʱˣַҪȥ⼸ռ俴ˡ
ַ绽ڸ֮еˣˮ֮ڷ˿һ顣
ռ䴦ˮ֮Уħǧռ䣬֮ϵ඼Ѿħ˴󾪣
С弱æǣŮ˵ת޷Ĵȥ˱Ŀռ䣡
ַдˮǷȥռ䣬ֿħΪռѹƣЩħΪҲߣȥ֮һҪóԽռ̫ǻɿռ֮ϣ˶ѾħûʲôѹƣȲùܣȰռ澧޲ϣȥǡ
ַһֱǴҵߣȻ˵Ůｫ񽻸ССѩǣǷʩĻַ硣
С壬ͻʮȥ½磻СѩСèʮȥħô½ľʣµȥħ½
˴ˮ򣬽˳ȥ
ţַ硢»ݼ˳½
½磬ַԼϢѹΪﱬһ¾ܽռű
ħѾռ½֮һַļ԰Ѿݻ١
ͷ֮ϣʱķɹսִ˼ս
һסַĸ첲磬ļ԰ô
ţǣҾġ
ʱַͺ¶оһɹɵĺĵͬʱعͷԱߵݼ
ݼ磬˭
ڹ֮ʱݼַŮ֮ʱ˫һ£ҲûʲôΪַѣݼֻ֪ǿռ֮ĵӡ
ڣ¾Ȼסַĸ첲ݼܲŭ
ǸɶַһſĿ˸ǲ˵Ϊ²ռ䣬Ϊ˾ԼѺֵܲźͺһɣ
㲻ýˡ
ݼֱһƽַɡ
һȻݼʶ£Ǻȴ֪ݼǰºַÿһ˵ţʱ»һСŮַÿϸ½£ַ罫Լܶ鶼˺¡
ַ֪ŮѵģǰŮˣݼ¸֪СѩҲϲַ磬Ҳϲַ硣
ַǧ֮ɹ֮󣬿ݼźµ֣˵Цǳ
ʲô
ַո߹ȥݼһ㣬Ǳǧϵľ룡Ҫǽ˵
ַоԹԵıͣĸ׿⡣
ַЩ̵а̾Ů˰Ǹ㲻
ַ粢ûвսֿħʶһѾ½
ַһʱҵ죬ǿ̹֮Ϻħս
̹˳ˣ
ַ纹գַӦһҪ̹˾ȳû뵽̹Ѿƿӡˡ
ʵַ粻֪ħƿ޾֮׵ͨͨĹֱӽ̹ŷӡ飡
֮֮ϣħǧ̹˺ʮΧ˫սȻ˵̹˵ǳǿ󣬵ˮ֮вϵðħ
ַԺµԼͻϵСͻȹ޲ͨȲùϼǱߣǵģħǼ԰ƻ󡣡
ַ·˹ȥַ˲ûгֻ֣Ƿɹ׷Բħ׷ױһƬѪ
ȫɱˣһͷɱЩΪħ
ΪռͨѹƣռֻܹʥһΪħЩˣַһͷħ
ַתһȦеĵ˶Ѿ𣬶Щħвɿĵˣ׷ȥ
ʦܣ
ʦ֣


511 ռ
ַıһ˶һļ
ַ翴죬Ѿ뷢԰ף̸̬ӡ
ַǳϤ죬ַľѾ֮ߣַϲˡ
Ϊʣַ統µȪˮôȥˣˡ
Ȼȥ˽ǧ꣬컹ǵһ۾ϳַ硣
ʦܣҸܽܣҵӣҵʮҵĵ
ܿ죬һȺΧĺ
ַˣôȥӣӣôҲ֡
ʦá
ʦá
ʦá
һȺַʺãַЦ⣬һദôҲһҸ
ʦܣʦʦĸأûһô
ص⣬ַ粻֪ôȥش
ַһЦʦʦĸλ˼ҶܺãĿռ䣬ʦʦĸ²Ҳϲȥ
ȷϲȥַȥҲܣǬǵĹѹǳܲġ
Ǭ͵Ĺ򲻹죬ҲᱻռȻѹѹ飡
ЦֻҪλ˼ҹĺþͺã涼νǺǡ
ַһʹַֻǲģһ˿϶һӻ磬αҪʹأ
ˣʦ֣أ
ַʶ½ȴûҵϢ
Ӷ˼ˡ
ˣַͻȻ𣬶ǧȥˡ
쿴ַԱߵλŮʵʦܣλǣ
ַŽܵλݼλǺ¡ʦ죬λ̹Ů
˫ͷʺá
Цʦܣû뵽ô޸Ȣôλòɵţ
ַεЦţǰǰһûнأʦһã˼븣
ʱһԵ̹Ůַ磬أûиһô
ַһĲĿ̹Ů֪˵ʲô
ԲŮҶҲûɶԺжŮĳŵûоǳ
˳Ĭˣǰֻ̹һСӣõ̹ŸϿɣԳΪ̹
̹δ
ˣ̹˶ǳʹ
Ůʣ̹Ÿأ
ַĵ̹ŸŮˡ
ˣϹôܴݻ٣
Ů
˿ַʲô磬ǴҶ֪ǲռģΪַľ粻ܵΪ
Ů΢ŭ˵ʲôŮŮôܻ̹Ÿôǲɱ˺˽̹Ÿ
̹ŮʣַûзŭϾַɱ˺Ȼ⣬Ȼַ籾⣬Ǻȷַ
ûƭǣȷɱ˺ǡ
ʲôɱ˺ŮַĻŭѣַ磬Ҫɱ㡭
ַ缱æȵȣҽ͡
̹Ҫһӵ֮ʱַԱߵĺɢ
£Ҫ
ַɢʶס˺µʶ·ŵʶȥ̹˶
̹˵ķŭַûǺºݼŭˡ
ַɢԼһ˿ʶ֮һȻ̹ѹ˹ȥ
ɱͻȻ֣Ƕܶˣеס
һַ̣ջʶ˶˵ϣһѡ
̹һľ֡
⡭ʲô
ô
ַһѹƣ̹ûٸҶ֡
ַ̹ŮǾŮħ̹塭һжħ;Ůı
˵
ַûٽ̫ͣ鷳ˣַѡһּ򵥵ķʽ
ַɢʶǵľѹƣ˵ʶƣȻľĹħ;Ůѵ¶һּĻ˵ʶ
˶ܵԼʶƣ޷ַֻǵʶµļ䡣
ܿ죬˶оЩƬͻԼļһ㣬Լһ㡣
ַſ˶ǵĿƣ˶ַĻ
ֶַλзɱЩħֶΣֽ̹˶ΪַΪѾľ硣
ַڵľ磬бҪȥƭôɱǶ׾٣
̹ٴγĬ
ַŮǼ԰ħǺܿͻȫɱ֮ͨͻᱻ޲ħԶռ䣡Ů£и֮룬Ůºе˶ռɣػǵļ԰ҪȥĿռˣڱ£Һ
Ůַ磬Ӧҵ£㶼ûΪλҪ㣿Ȼ㱾⣬ʼɱӽԺ̹Ҳûκιϵ£Լܣ
㣿ƾЩܱô
ĵСͻʮѾǰ
ŮĶС壬СɢϢŮ۾һʹŮ뷴һɲΥѹֱѹŮڵϡ
ȻС岻˺Ů˺Ļһͷˡ
ʲôˣ
̹ŮޱӴѹ֮¸оԼ˵һ
С񣡡
̹ȻţĳѹѹţǱʶڸǣǰЩ˸˵ѡ
СǵΪǲܱģۺϵۻʮѾ𾳽磬ΪǵľܵôᣬҲ֮ǾػռɡռѾңҲѾңǺϵۻʮս֮ҲԶˣǿ̹һķϣҷͶˣ£ǾͲҪˣ
С˵겻˼֮еŮַϼǱߵͨѾ޲ˣħѾˣһȥװɡ
һ̣̹˺඼ַʧ
˺ףħ׵ǶħսˮһƬȺ졭
СԻʮλڸɱ޾֮ħռеħҺַȥ޲ͨ
֮׷ɢȥ
𾳽磬һ˿ʶռ䣬ҪѰħ׾١
ַ˳ռ䣬ռԳᱻħռ죡ַǳ֣ռٶħֻлһ;
ͨڣַǰħӡڵأ֮ͨǼǧ׵ѷ죬ħѹѹӿ
ַһ·ں׷УǾ׷ԲħȫһƬѪ
֮ͨѹѹħҲַСˣſͨĳڣҳˡ
СƮǧ֮óװд֮ˮ򣬶ӡǵˮһ͵֮ͨѷϯȥ
ַ翴֮ĳصк֮ͨߵıԵӲһڿٵķš
֮ͨڵħ󾪣׷ˣͨһգȫѹ棡
ѾˣСϵĶԽԽ죬֮ͨϯȥʮ֮ͨȫպϣ޲ϡ
СҲһ㣬ַ缱æȥסС塣
ַСС壬Ϣһ£Ȼָ޲ͨȥħô½ħ½
šСַ֪絣ԼѺֵܡ
ַһ̳ħô½
ħô½֮ϵսΪֲ໹ħսǳǿ󣬻ãħô½ֻһͨŵ
ǿǧǿ߽ǵΧˮйͨܶħΧħ̫ˣÿһܴӿ
ȻҪ֧ŲסʱСѩСèʮʮ֮ڽŵ֮еħɱ
֮ͨڵħôǿͨ治ҳСѩҲҽӽ̫ͨ𾳽̫ͨĹͻɱ
ڻ֮أ֮ʱסͨǱ֮ͨĹˡ
˫СѩͨСǰ޲ͨѷ죬࿪ʼɱħô½ħ
ַħô½֮ʱǵսͽˡ
ַһʱҵСѩûмô
Сѩַһۣ֪Ҳû£ߣ
ַȻ㶼𾳽ˣ½ô
СèЦԴˣ
Сѩһ죬ݺݵСèԴһ£Сͷ˵ʲô
СèɥΪʲô˵ʵϰء
ַСѩһߡ
ݼɫһƳַ磬ַƮǧ֮⡭
СѩȻ
ַ֮ʱݼСѩ֣˵Ц
ַСѩݼ㣬СӾǷʰԺˣǺͺһƨ
ЦţͬԺұŮˣǷ
ַһߣǺô찡ַôоԼˡ
ݼţһҪͬģϽ𣬼ĺַ绮ޡ
ַ籾뻹͵Ůͬʱתͷŭĵ˱ϵľ룡
Զ㣡
ûǵ
ַһᣬСèԱ߶Цĳˡ
ַҧгݣֱӳСèСèһ󱩴򡭡
Сèɥޱȱ˭˭ҡ
һСѩַİɣһʱҵںȥɱħˣһ𱣻ûµġ
ַԣڷˡ
ַ籾Ҫȥ𣬵룬ûȥ
û¾ͺˣַ֮˵壬ĹϵַŲȥ𡣵ǣɷϣַзǳҪ
Ȼַȥռʱ򣬶Ҵкȥ֮󣬵һʱҵԼˣ
ַ硢ºݼȥħ½
ħ½ڤȿţˮѾͺľһַˡ
ħ½Ҳֻһַͨ統ȡħħֵĵطڤȡ
֮ڵħࡢ֮˵ʬ壬ͨıԵħҳڵСĵ
ţ§ַļ磬Ӱǧ겻ˣûѽ
ûУأôĺô
ţٺЦӣʮ˸ӣкöӣȥɱȥˣٺ٣һǻˣҽʶò׻һˣβסϼ꣬뿪
ţǰӣûб䣬òûб䣬ԸҲûб䣬ַÿοţжһů⣬ڵ֮ʱ˶֮ǰ顣
һɱһ棬һå˼һŴϡ
Ҫסꣿַ϶ûʱ䣬ַŶţߣֵȥϼ
ֵ˵磬˶ûȥˡ
˱̳һͺȣһĴЦͣĻصռ䡣
һŤһŹԷһЦһ׷һᰲֱһ
ֵ֪ĸǳ
ַѾǿԺɨ½𣬶ţأΪַʮǧһ£ѻǻ黹ֵܣ˵Ϊ̫ĻͻĵΪ˴˶·Ͳ֮ͬۺۻкܶ෽Ķ֮ı䣬һʵɸıʵ


512 ħӡ
˵ֵܣѣһȥһŬҲάԶĸ飡
ַĹϵһַں죬Сʱ쾭ַȥ棬̵ַ磬ֳַһڣַѡ·־磬һ֮·ѡƽ½ĹԼ򵥿ֵӡ
˵·ͬˣҾǧʱƣûб䵭϶Ǽٵģַںַȥ죬´Σգַ绹ǻȥȣ
ҲֻǾȶѣὫͬһ·ȥ
ţҲһţַСĺֵܣѣǵ·Ҳͬˣţѡ˺ͬһ·ַߵһ·ţ£ַæԺҲͬһ·ֻԽԽԶ
ֵ֮ѹĵ׵ļֿ֡ƽҸʱκζ޷ĥģҲ޷ģ
ַ֮˶ţеˣַԴǾԼļһûκμӣΪֵܵˣҲַˣ
ַ֮硢ºݼȥĿռˡ
ϵħڱȫ𣬶Ҳһ룡ȻԺķչַ粢ôġ
˸ʱַ˴Ȫˮĵر
ַҵСˣһȥħô½
Сô֮ܵ޲ͨеħѹͨ
ħô½ΣҲ
ַοôᣬַ磬ûбֳʲô˷ܵı飬ǵĳַ΢΢һЦ
ַоĵЦݷǳůַоǳ⡣
ַķȥĿһֱû뿪ס
ݼַüĿ飬ȥַֽһƴɣݼסˣƻַõĸо
Ժˣߣ
˺ߣߣҲַ統ĺߡ
һжûб䣬̲Ǻ̲ˮǺˮա
ַûб䣡
ûб䣬һǧǰͷˣȻˣͲʲô뷨ˡ
һ䣬ᣬԸǿŮˣ
һ˵˺ܶ໰һЦһ֣һ桭
̲˵㼣˵Ļ䡭
˫ű˴ˣо˴ڵ鶼ܺãַ֣ܿʱľ磬ܿ͸ġ
𲢲֣ȷֵ֣ܼ֮ܿһЩЭĶ
ʲôأš
˼ǰˣֱһЦɢ
ַ֮ʱҲ˺ܶȪˮĵرлַ磬Щĵر֮ûһ˿ļ˷ܡ
ַܵһ˿Ĳᡭ
ַҲᣬַ绹ˣ뿪ˡ
ﲻַ磬Ҳַ磡
һǧǰԸַߣˣµһָ̣콣ַ磬ڸַˡ
ʱַߣпܻһ𣬵ЩѾˣǲȥıġ
ַͷٿһۣȥ
ǣַҲ֪ôˣûлͷôһֱȥ
ַͷῴˮַûлͷҲûп
ַͷˣȥıס˻һ
ǣַûлͷ
ÿ˵жкܶźַҲУҲУ˵ĸ˵źɡ
ٴȥħ½ַûȥţǣǰиţ˺ܶȪˮŵر֮Ȼ뿪
ռͨȫ޲ϣħҲѾһȫ
ȥǡ
֮˾оռ䶼˳ͻħ
˶Ѿħ
Щħǳǿ󣬷֮¾ħħ
ǵһ㣬ѾħʴħͬħѾΪħ磡
ַ˸ոΧ˫۾ַ߿˹
ʱһɱַϯ
ȻǰЩ˶ǰַ缸ǵĹܣһֱȥ˲ַˡ
ַ˼ˣ⼸˵塣
СɫȻһ䣺ħĴħ϶ΪһħҲ²ûⶼħ;Ůļƻ֮Уռͨٴο˳ħһı
Сѩ˶ѾħЩħǵҲ
һλĴħǾħħѪħħħħγɾħħֻһ˲ܽ⿪
˭
˵Ŀⶼλ
ħֻħܽеħ
һûħǾ½һħκħĴħħҲգ
ʱҵĿⶼַ硣
ַ̯֣˼ĽⲻҷѾԹˣЩħЧԴҲЧ
ַͻȻ𣬺³ħʱ򣬽˵ȵħֵߵľ磬Ϳµħ
ַǵ鵱ʱô˵ģ³ħʲô㲻ҪǣǾ½һħȵħ󷨡㣬һ˵ħʲô½˳ħˣ㶼Խȡ
ַ֪˾Ůħı֮ͷ˶ħûħ󷨡Ҫ˵ħԣ
£Ҷ֪Ҷףַħֵֻħֵˣ
λַ磬ھȲЩΪİû޵壬ĻԿԾǡ
ַһЦΪʲôҪˣ˵ҺθɣҼֵܺռ䣬ռĻҲܣ
ַ˵ʵַֻںԼںˣЩɵˣԼΪʲôҪȥȣ
ʮɫǳѿһֱȲΪΣַ˵ĻǺǵαۡ
һλַ磬Ҫ֪㣬ǧڵ࣬ǣǺεȵƾ٣˶м㣬ЩԺ󶼻Ϊ
ҵַЦҾˣʱѹ֮󣬶֪ħĴħģ֪һħݣΪЩмôǲмңһɱңΪʯͷԼŵ£һô
һλַ磬㲻ǣȥǾͻΪħ磡ĹһѹƲסħʱռһռҲ
ַЦûмǧǱ˵ģ㵽ʱֺʲôϵԼͺã£ҸҲϵˣǲ˵ˡ
ַһھܾɫÿ
Сʱַַ磬˵ûȷûбҪǣ˵ûǣǻ𱨣ȥɱ㣡ŮǽҪػ棬ԲŸǴ֮޲ͨ㲻֮ϵˣʱһռһžǾ磡ʱǵͻ᳹׵ĻⲻĻ𣬵ʱǵҲ޷ˣַ磬Ͱæҵϣǰɡ
ַ罫ͷƳһߡ
Сѩַ磬Ҫ֪ȵĿǧڵˣȵĿ棡ַ磬һаˡ
ʱҲַ磬ҶĲ˵飬ΪѣìܣҾӦó֣¼ӰĻҲ޳㲻ȣ˵ģ²ҺθɣЩûйϵˣôȥôȥ˾ȥĻֺκ˶뿴ģַ磬㻹ǳְɡ
˺ľºݼû˵⣬˶ַ֡
ַҲȣҲȣһıʵҲҶ𡭡
˲ַ˵ʲôַ硣
ʵ֪ˣСĪơ˼ࡢħĴħǴһʼӴҵʱ򣬸ңңҡʵҡ
ҷӡħֵΪ˲ȥʹħֵȥħֵȥ˯Ϊħڸ֮ʱͻħֵôĻħֵǿħҲǿ󣬵ʱǶԸħ϶һЩ
ĴħƺѾ֪Ҳʹħֵڲ֪ΪʲôͳһǣǾҲʹħħֳ˯ɱ¾ѪҺǵħ˽Ǳħ
ôΪʲôأҪҲȽǵ壬ħ󷨡ҽħֵ֮ϵˣ
ڴ֪˰ɣҽħֵ壬ħʱȥĻ˭֪ħﵽһʲôľ磿ħǵɨĴڣǣǳɾħħʱп˶ħ˵ħΪܾͻ棡˵˵Ǹþȣǲþȣ
ַ翪ʼʱҲ֪Ĵħ֮ϵ˳ħʲô˳λĻһ룬ͻףĴħַ׼Ĵ
˶Ĭ
ʱԶһӰ˲ƶ
飬鿴ַһˣɫһڵ
˶𣿼ǵϴκַ֮ʱַ绹ôתʲô
ʲôʱߵĸֵİײһˣ
´㣬ôһˣػأ
鵭ĵռ֮ˡ
ô£
ǱȥˣҲȥǱһصħӡˣǿռҲͲȥػǿдͣ͵ʱѷˡ
ˣǵΪӦöھ磬ôģ
ַǴͽģпռ֮Ĵˮ򣬿Դ͵ռκλã
ҡͷûõģֻħӡҶƲͲȥ
Уַ粻ΪȻ£紫һ
óˮɫһ䣬ԣռ任ǳңʱҲĿĵأ
һ
ַҴͽȥ
Ҷַ֪ʱȥҲû£ֻҪ꣬ͿԸܵϢ
½ַ紫˽ȥַʧԭء
üͷ壬ҲУ
ַȥ֮һ·񱼣תһ£ûκεĳ·ַˣֻصԭء
ֻ֮к¡ݼˡ
أ
ݼȥɱħͷӡͨȥˡ
ȥַֻһ·ˡ
ַڲ֪ﲻһ壬Լ֪壬Ƚȥ壡
ַ翪ʼħ󷨡Ȳˡ
С޲ͨɱħ֮󣬿ַħ󷨡һİ
ʱַôõħħֵħȫΪһħɨ磡
ʱַһֱΪħ;ŮӢַۣʱѾĬħ;Ůĸ
ʵǲпģеַǰʱַ粻ȥһУֲַòȥܣ


513 ֵܷĿ
ַҲȥħֵˣһӶˣַ޲ýħֵ˺ķ顣
ǣħ֮⣬˭Ҳûõħֵ
ַħ󷨡ˮɡ
Ϊַʣ򣬾磬Ѿﵽһ״̬κιڶûʲôѶȡ
ַʱ佫ħ󷨡㣬֮ڵİҲﵽԲ
ַˣַǳӡ
ⲻȣַ类ĴħˣַҪȥͱеħ
ַΪԼԲΪ²
šħ󷨡תǵħַΧۣ۵ħȫַ޾İɣ̶ַꡣ
ַоԼħħħֵڿٵĽ
ַתھŲ㡶ħ󷨡ǵħʱպһַڡ
һµʱ䣬ǻָԭòħʧһɶռһƬʡ
ַչħֵѾһֲ˼ĸ߶ȡ
ַоħֵԼǳ֮л֮Ҫǿ
ʲôأѵħħֵǿԴô
Сٻʱַ磬ǰ˵ʦһ棬˵κֻҪͼ£ܺͱԴᲢۣ˵Դǳ
ԴǳСٻ˵ǳ棬ڿЦ
ôǬʦ𵽵˭أ
ַոսħӡͷĵǿĲΥϢ
˶д󺧣̧ͷȥ
ħµĴħ
ַĿĴɨ˿̣˶ħ״̬֡
СǾħ嶼һֹɫɫƤźɫһħƣȫħѾһֲּ״̬
ĪǾѪħȫһƬѪ죬ðѪɺɫ˼Ĺâ˲
˼ǾħȫŴİħħֵͬһԴɫĳڰȾһƬڣһ˫˲ɭĹâ
ħǾħȫɢһϢַоϢԼͬħϵϢһаϢ
ĪĿַ磬磬ǻħǰɣ㸸״Ѿܾˡ
ַû˵̲סʹ
ŭСĪƣ˸ңѵֵ֮ĸ鶼Ǽٵô
ַǰûнСĪƵ¸ߺǺʹһ𣬽Ҳ֪ˣһȥӦḶַ́統ʱֱӸߺ϶ܲˣ֪࣬ҲͲôʹࡣ
ĪƶԺ磬ֵ֮ĸôǼٵôǶƴΪֵܶսΪ˱˴Ը磬ôֵܻ֮ĸأǰû֮Ĺȹأ
СЦԣĪ˵ûҶһˣȥħˣҶһЧħǺֵܣѣǴȻһͬԿϵۡۺʮۣ
ַЦţСĪƣҪ˵ôʲô֪ˣʱαװȥʲôô
Сַ֪ô˵ɫЦŶ㶼֪ʲô˵
ַ絭ĵһʼӴ֮ʱһ̿ʼѾõӰˣô꣬޷ǾҵħСһû֮ʱѾҪҵˣǰаңҵһδε鷳ʦӺĸġתֻ󷨡ҲǸС㰵иʦİɣǿľУ˵ľôôĴʦ޷ΪʦܰﵽҡСһδε㵽һЩ飬ʵ֪Ϊһжǵƿ֮У
û½ռ䣬ħô½ħ½ҳħ֮ǰҶѴҵֵཻܣĵģأҲԸΪҸǽΪǵĿģΪǵıΪǵļƻһжҵİκδ۵İΪ˸ħ
һδεİңֻΪ˲ѣΪˣ˭ħħ½ҵõħħֳħ֮ʱǸʱǶɣ֮ħֵͻᱻ۵õ÷۳Ϊħ֮壡˵Ķ԰ɣǵļƻħ½һˣ
û뵽Ҳûһӵħ֮塢ǳ֮壬¸ǣڻӵл֮壡ħõħֵռҵ壬ȻΪܰɣ˵ĶԲԣҡġá֡ܡǣ
֣ҵĺֵǡַҧгݵ˵ġ
СĪƵᣬûΪַĻ˿ı仯Ҳ֤ˣǳַ˵Ļ
ַСҾΪʲô˼һͰȥϧķȥȽ˼ĪƺħĹϵ֣ʱҲûж룬ԭĸʶ
һֱ֪ĪѪħʱһħѪħħµһսҲû࣬Ϊõֵܣû뵽һж
֮ʱҷӡħ֣ǿһֱʹħֵԣǾʵǶ˶ħȵļƻһҲǵˣҴȥˣһٴʹħֵһõħգħħֵͻ壡
ʱĸսҾˣΪʲôҪȥ̣ҪȥսˣǸ͵Ĵ񣡡
ûСߣӵߣҲòϣı˵Ҷ㣡ļƻǳɹǳ֪ǻԸңǣǻǱˡ
ַ˵ˣǳأڼѹԼǻ̲סȫ
ŭĪƣǺʹ˽ݣһɱУһһô£ཻ㾹ȻϴԭһжǼٵģĪƣ죬ҺϾϵ´μ棬Ǿǲݣ
ĪƵһ˿Ϊ˲ʹ࣬ʹһ˭Ҳûע⵽
ֵַСǣ˹أô
ַûҵ˹
˹ȻַвǺҪȫһֿп޵Ľɫ˹ַһһӣһܲˣַ켣߹ˣǹϵõˣַ綼ں
ħ국ĵɱˡ
ַ֮ðһ׹⣬Ǻܿѹȥ
Сַ磬ȻѾ֪һˣѾ̫ˣֻһ·ߣ
ַЦߣǺǣΪһôߣħȡɱңռҵ壡ΪҲ֪ô
Īĵַ磬ûѡأĸ˶תֵĻϵۺ۶ҪӣΪӵô
Ī˵꣬ռһ˺ѣĴħһ޾Ԩľѷ֮з˳
޾Ԩʮ֮ʮλȫǶ
ַ绹ɱȥڡ
ַû뵽Īܽ޾Ԩľȫٻ
Ҳ˵޾ԨķӡѾƽˣ
ʮλϢ˵Ϣѹţַߵ˴
ַߵˣֻתַתʣµ˶ת£ʹ򲻹ʮ
ڣ˵ϢʮӲˣַжϣӣ߲ˣ
ˮͣˮҪʱ䣬ڴҶôȥͣ
ַұ֤΢оٶͻ֣
ĴħܳԸСǻַۣô
СĶַ磬ַ磬ǶҵģҲ㶯֣ԹԵĸߣҪȻǾɱ䣬԰ץߣ
ĪƵַ磬ǰֵһֻҪߣǾͷˣ򣬳㣬ûܻȥ
ַ룬ãҸߣҪҵȫ߹֮ҲŸߡ
Сǳˬĵã
С֮ôŹҪַߣץסַ㡣
С˶ַǳ˽⣬ַ֮ˣԲ񿴵¡
ַһԸΪߵԼˣַ綼ںɱˣֱַһԱô죿ַɱˣħֵû˴壬Ҳɢʱ˭ħ
ԸС˵ˣַһСȥɱַߵˡ
ȻС˲ַһ˿ߣʮΧַѷɣ
ַԺµ˵ȫߣں֮ǵң
ַĻ䣬ûжҲûһߣ
ַ˴ˣһ˺ߣ
ǣ˿̣ûһ˶Ҷַ֪粻ܴĴħߵġ
磬ҲǰߵģҲᣡ
Сѩ磬߾·һǾսҲ£
ݼҲ磬֪ΪǻȥˣҲΪ㱨𣬵ǲĿ㱻˴ߣҪһ𣡡
硭µʲô£¾Բһ˻ϣ
СèգŴ۾ְ֡ȻҲְҲԸսҲǼְߵġ
Сַ磬ǿһģкη壡ֻҪǶˣħħûˣħô
С˵صˣַ۾һˣħԶòõ
ħս֮ʱĴսģ֪Ǵ򲻹ˣҲѡսַ磬ˣԺΪ㱨ҲԭԼ
ľʱҲַ磬ʶͶǷǳã壬ԸΪȥҲԸΪ˵ûмֵôĿŴȥأκһˣȥѵѡ뿪ôǲᣡΪ粻ǣԣҲ磡
ʮۿʼʱߣ˼˵ķθ֮ԣȲѣΪԼߵ뷨о
һһսίȫ
һԣҪһǺȥǵֵܣ
ս
ս
ս
˶ԸΪַٴһս
ַ翴ЩԸΪԼƴˣ۾ЩʪôѣôֵܣôںԼˣкξ壡
û˵֪ôˣйĸоЩΪʲôҪװڻȥԺʵ˻Ǹô
ѵİ飿ô
ͻȻ룬ԸΪȥôԸΪȥһôһԸΪַȥһУ
֪ȥǻǺԥ
Ϊʲôһ꣬Ϊʲôûһң
Ϊʲô
Ҫ˱ôҪ
Ҫ˶ҺôҪ
ҪΪôҪ
ΪҲҪмֵ
ΪʲôΪʲôôҪںַһںң
Ϊʲô


514 ħ
ַںô˻ںôҪҵ˻ƴô
ĸоԽԽǿң龹ȻԼʶѹƲȥϢ
鷢֣Լ۾֮в֪һξӨˮ
Ϊʲô
Ϊʲôһޣ
ӳڣûп޹ħǲҪᣡ
Ϊųʣ
ڣˣԼ֪ΪʲôҪᡣ
ȶˣĪƵķɱ˹ȥźһ֣飬˶ɱȥ
ĪĿĶź޾֮һħ򺮱ӿȥ
ΪѾûжˣս֮õĶ֮Լǿ
䣡
ĹѾҪԸһˣȫͻ׷ԵĹˣھת֮£ûӵأֻԼս
֮ĶһεĲƣ֮еĽﶼȫݻ٣ЩԶս˸ûзӦͱѪ
ֻǶ˼Уַе˶ɡ
ݼ¡СѩС塢СèľʮλûһܿסʮΧ
ͬ𣬵ȫתԼⷽ˶ת֮£
ַҲǱɣַɣַûа˺ۣ˶ˡ
ʮַôˣôȥ⣿ַţԼʣЩһϣҲһɱԼַӲȥ
ȻС˲ɱˣֻǰ˴˶ѡ
Сַַ磬ֵһҲɱˣִԲҲ⽫ȫɱ
ַҧСֵ֣֣㲻ɱҵˣɱɣɱˣʲôȥħ
Сַ磬ħ½֮ʱʱǾҪȴûҲ룬ħ½а취ħֵշȥɣΪûа취ô
ƨַħ½˵Ļħֵ϶ᱻǵһʱȥɱôħֵɱʱʣΪǰ׳ô
СЦַ磬˵ʲôûã㲻ôˣսҲɱϣߵ£Ҫǣֵܣ㣬̫˽ˣԣҪסߵˣ͸ߣҪǾͽħˣ˶
һֱû˵ʱַ磬øˣߣȥħ
ϴڷˣַ簲ĺܶࡣ
ַ֪С˾Բʶ飬Ȼô˵϶а취ߣ
ַǷǳεģħǸ
ŴҺսһֱûг֣Ҳûй飬ֵַģַûпڡ
Ƣַ͸ģ֣Ȼ֣ˣô֣ǰҲ˵ǲַ£ַΣղŻ֡
ַ磬ֻΪ˴ַ֮ѧϰʱѡ
ַΪҲôĶ֣ϾħǸ½ŮּĴڣԣַ黹Ƿǳĵġ
ҿǼʶģһ֮סͨ
ַʱԺµȻ´ڿˣǶȥ֮ǵҰɡ
²ʶ飬ݼҲʶ飬˸о˶һ
˵ǳǿ
²ûжΪַܱ磡
С΢΢һЦλСʲôˣ
ĵûʸ˵ȥħ
ħǷǳʹЩαթ֮ˣħս֮ʱħ;Ůƭ飬ɱıˣ϶Ҫ㣡ڣСƭַôãܸɫô
СɫǳѿԱߵһ޾Ԩľʹ˸ɫ˹ȥ
޾ĺڰӾϱռһаϢ
֮Цţſһеĺڰɱ
ǣλ嵽׷Բ֮ʱռһĲͻȻʧ
Сһ㶣ռ壿
¾УĿռ徹ȻУ
Ȼ˿ռ֮洫ֻо˿ռһǧ꣬أѾоˣ¿϶ǱȲϵġ
鵭ĶԸС̽ҵǺǣҪһϰɡ
𾪣һϣһ֮ܶԿô
ôôһȫ𣬶ֻһˣʲôµģ
ϣ
Сʮȥ
һǻ
֣ȻʮķһץʮʦͻȻȫֹס˽ŲĴ˿һ
˴һʲô
ʮ˲ƣ˶һεĸо
һڰԵħˣĻɫô
Ļ䣬ȭͷһգʮʮ鶹һ㱻ȻһץƣƬ걬顣
֮ʣӰѾ˸С֮ǰ׿⡣
ַоʱƶǿռ
ǡѵʱͿռϵ
ڸС׿⣬͵ڼʮİΧȦ
һĵȻ֮ɫǸСһ𾪡
СһǳˣǸʱΪַǱߵˣǷŽսû˵ûг֣ԸСж鲢һַǱߵˡ
飬ǿ͸ԣźַ˽սСûЩǶԸ顣
СҲû뵽һռ𣬶һɱʮ
ڣվǰ׿⣬е˵ʶ޷飡
ӿֲǣûɢκεϢʮϢѹûһķӦ
˵Ϊ϶ԶԶ֮ϣ
ͬǾת𣬵ǲ̫ˡ
鵭ĵҲɱǣΪַҪɱˣҪַԼȥҪɱˣħ;Ů˵ҪȥħԣҲֻȥˡ
ǳƽҲûκɱɱ⣬ͣڸС˶Ǽȵľ֡
ɱħɱŮ
˿̣СҲ˸ϸŮˣǺħŮּˣ
ַҲû뵽ôǿ
ַΪת֮ǲ˶ٵģԣǾת𣬶ʮתַôģΪҲ򲻹ôĶ
ڿûаЩ˷
ѵת֮Ĳôô
ʱֶַԼߵ˵ڴҷ˰ɣ߰ɣ´㱣ң϶ûµġ
˶˵ͷѾ֣ܣ
Ȼ鲻Ǵܣֻһ֮ң
½ߵ˶͵˺֮ǡ
Ĵħַȥħǡ
ħھ޾֮У˶֪ħûȥħǡ
ħս֮ʱħǱݻ٣ֻʣʮ֮һ˷ʱѷ죬ħϴʱħǵɣֻΪħǿһֱڡ
ڱӡϵۺ۶Ʋķӡ
ԶԶģַ翴ħǣȻħǱʱΧɿԸܵħһЩаĻ͸ʱ
һΨһûʱĵطһ׷Բķӡӡǿ񱩵ʱʱ޿̵ײŷӡʱƻ˷ӡ
ַ룬ΪʲôʱħǾʱѷأ
ַˣͺ֮ĺͺ֮ǣʱ֮УǺһֹһԶʱǸط۵ܵĿռתռ䣬ǸԶ䣡
С֮ԸҰǿߴħǣΪħǣ˷ǿռķӡֻħĴħܽ⿪ȥħǵĹһὫѹģԶܳ
Ĵħֽӡһʮ׳ȱڣ˽롣
ոսħǣַܵħĹǳǿ󣬶ַħħֵȻɢַȥûһӰ졣
ƺɫԵıһ£ҲûʲôӰ죬ûɢκεϢ
ħ֮ڣǱ֮еĻɽצڿҴܵа飬ַָоĸоԼӿֲ
˸ٷУԶԶĿһ޴ĳɫɽ֮УƵĺɫ֮бֲͬħÿһħ֮жһͬԡа
мǸħħ
ߵĸĴħ
ĴħѾĴħΪħĴս
˽ħħħħ˯
ֻҪħħֵϣΪͻḴ
ħħһֹֽ״̬Ϊħܼһּ޷ת״̬
ڴĶħ֮ϣһַ߷Ƶ꣬ɫ𪣬ü֮һתĺɫУַĸокԼȱʧĺڶһƣڶħ֮еħѸٵ˽ȥתֿٵɢĳֽӵѭ
һͷһ׶೤ĺڷƮħ֮УһɫĽʾ޳ģ嶼޾ħ֮С
ַ֪ǰλħַħϸܵһ΢ϢϢǳ΢΢ԺԲơ
ַޱĸܵˣңַϢܵѪĸо
ħ۾ǽյģַ֪ڳ˯
ַ˽Ŀħ֮ʱַѪƺһصĸӦ˯֮ħͻȻ˫ۣһ˫û۰ףֻкɫռۿ˫ۣħ۾ڶһ㣬ƺҪһɣ
ħĿݺݵĶַϣַоһ־ַԼƲס
˶ͣס˽Ų
ͻȻַ緢֣ħǹһ˿ЦݣЦַôϤΪַ緢֣񿴵ԼЦ
μħˡ
Ĵħħѣ˷ܲѡ
ħվħֹͣתüĵĺڶ̶ʧ˫֮ҲָƺƽûаϢûаӦַоħƺѾħһ壡
˿̣ħȻûаϢħҲûеõħֵַоħԼɿģ
ַתħ϶ûгΪܣǾתΪʲôַоԼվħǰôС
ַ֣϶ûаĵֿ֮
ĸĲǵļƻԲˣҶҲˣȥ޾ԨϵĶħȫٻһָ֮󣬾սĿʼ
ħ쳹ռ䡣
ǣ
֮󣬻ĵʧ
ʱħĿɨ飬£˭
鿴ħĵ˭㲻ʶôѵħ˯˼ǧ꣬ôô


515 ħ
Ǻǡڵңֻǲһ˿ħѣħһֱҳ˯֮Ҳ죬ܴôļ䣬ҵļ궼ħ棡ȫˣȻǵ˭Ȼ϶ҵѡ
鵭ĵҵѣҪ׿ڸҵ귢ʲô£Ȼɱ㣡
ɱңħЦڳɱõʱҲһɱңȫˣɱҵģȻҸоҲɱ㡭
ߣҵȫѣ
ħʱĿⶢַ磬ĵӣ
ַ˹ȥĵħ֪һУзһУ
ħͷʱ֪һˡ
ͻȻħüĵĺڶٴγ֣һɲɵַꡣ
ͺã˺ַ磡
üҲһ׹ַꡣ
ַоһƺһֻεԼħħֵħֵ֮ƺҪַڵĻһ׹ַ֣ӲĴ˳ȥ
һ̣׹ҲŲַһըַ֮ڵĺڶ漴
֮޾ֳַ֮ڡ
ħ㵲סҵģҪǣħǣҵĵַ̣˺ΪǵĸӣǵѪͬһԴûκ˺ٲ֣ᵼ飡
ͻȻħ֣һ֮ϱֱӽħ档
ѾˣѾħֵ
Ӵޱȵ֮ײħһ˶ûܶԷĹ֮ײںݺݵ˵ϣֻǽһѡ
ħҪַ֮ڵĻͻȻоΪǿַħɶȥ
ⷴɵַĺڶַ翴ħҪԼĻæ˺ڶͿռħɶȥ
ַ緢֣ԼڶħҪǿ
ַħǳϤΪħʹõǡħһ㡪ɣ
ħ󾪣æȥ
ӣҡ
ħѾˡħ󷨡ŹתħʼԼħֵ˲ȫ
ħȫϵİϢƺءںһ
ִַħ˾
֮У˵ʲôͲôһ㶫
ʧ֮֮ǧַĸоַܷǳ϶ħ޵еģ
ħЦӣҵĶӣʱȻܸ򵽴׷ĺܲ
ַܵˣħǲôһܳΪܣ
ֲħ֮ǿ
ħ£ڸи˰ɣ
ħЦõҶڵĻ˵
룡
֣ħսһַ翴˵ӰƮ֮󣬾ַʱ֮£ǿĿ˵Ľ֡
ȫޱǿԷǴ˼ӣ˶˺˶Էʤ
鲻ħ˺ַ磬ҪǣħõͻΪܣֻѡȥ
ַ֪˻֪ĻҲַȡΪħһǲһͿԳΪܣ
ֻҪõʼĻ籾ԴǵһκγɹǾͻΪܣ
Ȼ˵ף̫ˣõҪ֮Ҫʱ䡣
ħûдϸܵ˵鲢ûдַϵõħַܷߣ
ˣ϶ַȡΪ˴ܣʱħħô죿
ַҲˣԭǳΪܵĹؼڣֲϵۺϼһôƴʱպôһ˿Ļ֮ΪôһĻ֮һġ
ַߣ뿪ħǣħŪħս֮ʱ֮ȥ㣡
ַԣתͷûɶãһϤӰסַȥ·
ַ󾪣Ů
ûסַǾŮ
ŮĿĿַ磬ӣżȥأһ˺òԲļңסɡ
ַоǾŮԭŮҲħǣ
ַоŮûħôǿ
ûħǿַھŮϢѹ֮£ȫ˵ˣˣ
Ů㲻ҪװģˣеҶ֪ˡ
Ů⣬Ц֪ôôѾûѡˣӣĸ׵;ħҰɡ
Ů˵ţһʥصϢַȫŮûнַ꣬Ϳַ磬ַ֮һЩַĶٻ˳
ħ½ַħ֮ʱ;Ůѵ걻Ů϶ΪһΪַħԣ֮һֱַ֮ڡ
ڣŮַ֮Լٻ˳˾Ůڡ
ŮһţŮȫϢǵһ޷Ħĸ߶ȣ
˿ַ̣оŮǺħһǿ
ŮǵɲǣַҲоŮΪһ壬ռΪһ壬ǣȱôһĶ
ַоŮħֽȻ෴
ָоҲһֶţȻֻħ;Ůȫѵһ̣Ϣ֣ã˾ѵʱַ綼ϸָо
ϵô£ַ粻ַԿ϶ϵһģ
ΣκҪǵҪл
ħɿƵĴǬ˳˾Ůϡ
Ůűľħüͷһ壬󵭵ĵ龹Ȼʧˣ֡
һϢӾŮϱŮϳ޾Ĵ֮ħ֮ϵѺԭͬʱŮгһħӰ˾ħ֮С


ַܵĵǾħĵھŽڻоħħǵ
Ů޸˾ħͽǺ϶Ϊһַʱо֮ں;ħǩԼʧ
ַ糹׵ĺ;ħʧȥϵ
ַ粢ûģڿħˣŮǾħߣҲֻ޸ħ
ŮžħǳȣԣǬ޸;ȻСٻһŮ֪˽еļ䡣
СŰСţ㾹ȻΪң㾹ȻΪģ㣬㾹Ȼᱳң
ħĽھŮвţҪֶǱŮݺݵѹ
ŮҾ㣬ѵ㻹ҪȥôǺǡԶҵūɣ
һѪһַ֪ŮǿкͽǩԼ
ŮЦţСţô꣬ȻΪ˱˱ңôҵҪôңɱסҪ걬飬Ҫ壡ħҪռΪأ
Ůûжɱַ磬Ҫȥɱַ磡
ŮѾԼ˽飬㽣鲻Լѹ֮£ֻô
ŮƶԼǷ˵ģ
䣡
ħ֮ĹҲﵽ˶壬ÿһһʽ֮϶ת
ЩǾŮģŮ˵ģԸ轣һУҲʱһջȥ
ΪŮľħߣ
ħԶӲŮģ
ַ类ħһδεĺɣַ粢ûл
Ϊ˾ַˣַôȥôȥԼֵ֣ܶ
ַ
˿̣Ҳǳʹ࣬ͣڴ쵰㰡
갡ְ
߶ѾʧȥԼϵĻַġ
ʱħ˹ŮҪɱѾҪˣлֻҪõ˶ԳΪܣУҪʶȥ֮꣬еҵֵס
Ůһ˾ħ
Ӱ͹ԹԵĴɣҺ㸸ȥʰǸŮ֮ĺɡ
Ůӡַħķȥ
ַĹסһ
ô죿˵ĻԼҲ·һ
ǿħһǿھŮȥˣһ
ַ粻֪֮ʱַʶﴫһϢ
ǺµϢ硭ҸܵĵĴҵˮͲħ棬ҿԽҵáһ񹦡תƸ㣬Ȼҵ忪ӡ
ַǳ棬һķǳ档
ʱСѩͨŮ派ѪѶϢ磬ҿͨŮ派ѪȫתƸ㣬忪ӡ
СèͨԼϢְ֡ҲԽҵתƸ㡭
ַͻȻоԼ֮ڵ¡СѩСèַһžŮַķӡ
˵Э֮£ӡһɶ
ʱСٻҲæԼȫӿ˳ŷӡ
˹
ӡһϸСѷ죬СٻַսǬӷӡѷƮ˳ȥ
ŮоԼķӡƣЩ죬ַ磬ҪȥħǳڵǵӡҺħַӡģƲģǿйƵĻֻ·һħܶʱշ籩ǳȥģһȥͻʧ棬㻹ǹԹԵĸס
ȥĸס
ַ˹ȥħѽѷַ֣粻ҿǵսŮҲ˹ȥħһս顣
ֽˣֻǱˣ˲顣
ʱַ簵д㻹ߣʲô
ַҲߣһôģ˲㣬ȥģҲᶪһ˵ģȥʱշ籩֮УҽȥҴһȥ
ЩССĸжѵں͹ô
ãߵʱշ籩Եңȥ׼ˣϾ͹ȥ
ַɵ˱ߵʱշ籩Եһ˿ӦԼѾʱշ籩׼
ھŮħΧ֮½ڽڰˣ¾˳򱱱ȥ
Ȼħ;Ů˸ɱ飬Ϊˣֻһ֮ңɱԷ̫ˣħǱʱշ籩ţҲȥ
ħ;Ů뽫ƽʱշ籩ʱշ籩ġʧڿռ棬Զ
˿鱻ǱƵ·ӣò˶ãͿԽʱշ籩
һ·򱱣ڱħ;ŮƵʱշ籩ıԵ
ħȣ飬㲻֪ǧǰôֻһȫǱɱģ˶Ǳݺģϴħսûɱ㣬ˣһ½ѰķԶ޷


516 ܾ磿
ҧħϴħսҷӡԼͨˣҪȻܴùңˣҲǱ;Ů͵ϮģħҳҪ㣡ȻѾҵ˶ɱģϵۺۣǾͺãһħеᣡ
ħЦ飬㻹лô
ħûлᣬûлˣ´μ棬֮ʱ
䣿ħЦѾ·ˣˣʱշ籩ʧڿռ֮УǴܣԶܳ
ô
ħ;Ůٴαʱշ籩˳ַµһ΢Ϣֱӳʱշ籩
ַܵһץס֣ǰȻȥ
ħ;Ůʱշ籩ʲô
ɱ
˲⡣
ħܵʱշ籩ͬĿռ浽۵Ŀռħ;ŮҲҽȥ
ǣȴȥˣɱ£ħͲţǣô£
ħûҲûйϵ˾ˣֻҪǵõַڵĻΪܣǵĶôסַأ
ħ;Ůͬʱɫ䣬ַôˣ
˵ʶħǣʧȥַӰ
ŮܣôܴƤʧƿֵķӡѵ
ɽʱշ籩ַҲʧͬʱ뵽һܡ
ħɫǳѿⲻܣԲܣ˴֮⣬˭ܴʱշ籩֮г룿˶Уַôܣ
ħ;Ů֮ǰǧ㶼㵽ַʱ
Ůôͣѵַ鶼ʱշ籩֮ɱô
ħ̫ģַ綼û˻ҪΪҲһʱģûǧʱȥ򣬸ܳΪܡ
šŮͷַôлǳ֣СҲ֪ǴõĻ
ʱħ;Ůͬʱ뵽һطͬʱ֮Ĺ
ħ;Ů֪֮Ĺĳʼ㣬Ҳǻ㣬ֻ޾Ļ֮ĹʱպΧ˭ܽȥ
뵽ַʧɽʱշ籩ʱȷˣַ϶дԽʱշ籩
ŮˣħħֺѾַˣħҲȫˣ㾡Ľϣʱȥַ磡

ַžŮֿٷУʱշ籩ռƽ⡣
ħܵʱշ籩ǳֲ۳ʱպַʱպҲǳСΪһСģռ΢ƽ⣬ַ鶼ʧ棡
ַ籾ȥǬΪ̫Σˣֶַҷſʱպߡ
֮ȷǿޱȣֿʱպһεģȺ;ŮħսҪ
ôֺõ£ȴôһֱţȥǬ
ַһ䣬Ϊʲô
ôصģϲҵ֡
ַ㹦ʧ󲻾ʱպˣӻش
ϲ֣
һ˶ٸͣҲˣĵ׵ļ֮УֻںССʱҵҵ֣ůĸоڻǵ֮󣬳ҵ֮⣬ҵֵˣɱˣΪЩˣҵˣռңԣҲκң
㷽סҵ֣ҸоͺҵһǷӡĵĻĿҸоǳůϲҡ
ַͷߣҲ裡
ǲ֮еİ飿
֮еİ飿ַ練ʣѵ֮ûаô
УǺٿҲ⡣Ǹ֮еûлԣÿ˶ߣ˿ʼʱǴʼڸҲǳ򵥣ôӣֵ֮ĸ飬Ҳ⣬Ů֮İ飬Ҳ⣬ǿ֮ĸĵײһ㺣㺾ڵҲ޷ѹƣ޷Ҳ֪Ǻǻоǳַ֣ǳһ̫̫ͣ౯ҵ飬㣬һ濴˻ԸΪ˱ȥߵ˶ԸΪȥҵڻⲻˣţҺܿͻ⡭
ַ֣оһĸоѰһ¸鵽ô£û˼ϲ㣬һֱӸ㣬Ҿڲϲ㣬ԺҲϲ㡭
갡˵Ҳֱ̫ˡ
ַҲϲԼַһħı嶼Ǽʮ׽׵Ĺǻǧ򻯣˭ϲĹ
ַһֱΪôǱöģⲻı壡
СѩʱϢ磬ô
ַ磺ûأĴʱպ߳ȥҪһµʱ䡣
Сѩţȥ֪֮ͨǣȥ֮ǡ
ַһֱʱպǰ
֮£ַڴܵ⡣
´㣬ҸоħоŮľ綼ǲһͳΪܣڵľ绹תľô
ĸͦģڼǰѾתˣڵľǡܡ磡
ܣ
ԡѾеھͲһͿԳΪܣ
ַ缱æʣǲô
Ҳô˵ǲǡֻв͸ĳΪܣɡ֮֮͡ɣԣõ֮ǲ;Ȼûл֮ҲˣǳѣĴкܶûеõ֮ѾóΪ˴ܡ
ַʵ´㣬ǲǽǸġһ͡ħһ壬ͻΪܣ
˭ģ
ˡ
ˣǺǡģһպ֮֮޾֮֮Դ꣬㣬ͽǿȽ߾磡ձ˵֮˵ģﵽϵľ磬֮ĹĹѾ˼ߣ֮
ַڵȷĸо֮ĹĹ𣬾Ǽߣûһã
ˣϲ˽ԼĹͶκξĸ򣬲Ǹ磬κĹе϶ǹģ۳΢Ǹ߹κ˶ֻҪ츳ˣԳΪǿߣ
ˣõöԼǳǿľ磬Լĸ֪ľˣ˵֪̫ûʲôôƨ֪Խ磬ͻԽкôһ֪Ŀ꣬ŻƴȥŬ
㣬ַҲϣǰַ½ʱʽߵ߾ʲôַ磬ֻһĸַ磬ֱַ˾磬Ÿַ磬Ǵܣ
ˣûеϾˣΪ֮ǿĹ֪ʵ֮һĳ̶ȾͻҪǳӴֵ֮ӴԼ
һϣ˵֮һʹֻ֮ҪھŲ㣬֮ͻĸ߶ȣ
һ㣬ַܵһʱַоԼ֮ĿԵ˼׶Σÿһ֮кеҪǿ౶
ħһǿģÿһ㣬ͻܶ౶ھŲ㣬ޱ޼ʣǣǡһ͡ħһھŲ㣬̫ˣ
ֹ֮һ㣬ͻὫľ磡˵ͨ׶һ㣬һģħһǿģǳΪܵһҪ󡣡
ַ´㣬Ҫأ
ҪԴ֮еһҲħ֮塢ǳ֮ͻ֮壡һĴܣĶħ֮壬Ϊħ֮׵õģšħšһħ֮壬ħ궼ˣԼ꣬ʾͻΪħ֮壬ֻǳħ֮壬ûа취ȵģŮֻԵħһ𣬾Ϊ˴ħõΪħ֮壬Ҳɹˣ˶ħ֮壬ֻȱٶ֮Ĳڵľ磬ɱ˶Էģȥûʲô壬Ƕ֮ôǾͻΪܣΪ֮󣬻֮и֮֡
ǳ֮ͻ֮壬ǿǳ֮ͻ֮壬ûмһ㶼ǺʹԵӵеʣһģģֻħ塭
ַЦ´㣬ˡڵĻԴԴϣҪ٣Ҿ͸٣ǰ˵Ƿһôڻˡ
ַ֪ȱٵǻ
һϲȴǷҵɶˣҶ㼸ˣΪһ𻹵ô
ַô
뵽˵ɡ
ַƲͣߣ̰Ůˣ
ǰַô˵飬Իַһ߷ɡ
ڣַ˵Լ붯ŭǿַ绬ͱı飬ȻЦˡ
ǵģЦˣЦĺܿġ
ȻôˣΪʲôûзŭһģ
ʲô
оԼĵ׵ֱ˳ԼƵԼӡ
ַǾ氡ûпЦǰЦЦ
ڣ΢Цů΢Ц
ַƲ͵̫Ǵ߳ˣ㻹Ц
Ҫŭ˵죬ǻȥˣǳĵЦòÿ
ַһͷԵڵء
ַȫ亹ֱƤ񣬡Ǹ´㣬ǳЦ
ǵȻˣħǸߵŮ
ַħֺĹô㻹еߵģ
ǣħΪ壬һ˵ĸһ˾ǸģҲǣһ塪塣

ҪҪҵı壿
ַ缱æҡͷҪǧҪ
ַ粻뿴һҪַϻ˯žġ
һŮͻȻһĵĹ˭ܵˣ
ΪʲôҪұɱڻκ˶ֵסҵջ󣡡
ַǹô
϶ǣ
˵꣬ɢһɹ󳤳һ˫׵Ľɫһı֮ɫ۾֮˸ŵ⡣
ţһɹʥϢɫ⻷ȫ
ַһ¾ˣʱպߡ


517 
òûиı䣬ֻǺ󱳳һ˫ɫͷ˾ıɫɫѣȫϢҲʥ಻ַ
ַ૵ĵʹ
ôɣ
ַʶĵͷ̫ˡ
ϲô
΢Цţʵķǳֱӡ
ַޱȣ֪ôȥش
´㣬ð̫󰡡
һ㶣ʱʲô
˿ַһţʱպɲߡ
ַȫˣֵһֱӰռԼʶ
Ϸ£֮ʶѣϲ
ַֻЩøжѣ̸ϲ
ַˡ
ʱպ£˳ȥ
ʱ䣬ַ粻֪˶ʱպһȥַ۵ˡ
ַڿռ˺ܶ궼û£ʱպҪȿռ֪ǿٱ
硭
ַո¾ͳˣ˴͵֮ǡ
ħΧɲҾ
ħǣҿַû£ǳˡ
ַﳤڱչﲻĸ߶ȣַ粻ȥˣ
ǣַԼеĹôҹҲմҵҪԼĹҳ䵱ЩĵʦΪǽϸںɾʹܵϸڡ
Ϊʲôôô
Ϊַ˵ˣ㲻æǰɣҲ
뽫ַǽַҲȥ
ԣַġв֮£Ϊһϸĵʦһ
ʼʱᣬ˷ǳദϾħ½߸ϵݣĿˣϣ
Ҳû˵ʲôΪ۽κιϸ⣬ǳ棬ҲöĵطʣҲһһ𣬴ŭֻǲʹһѡ
ʱƣ鿴Χߵ˶ǳÿ춼Цݣ춼˵κλ⣬ԿκЦ˾ͺһһܡ
ʼʱеöԣ鲻᣻˵죬֮ϵ⣬Ļ⣬һŲһᷢŭ
ҶоǸƢŹ֣ദˡ
ˣҶϲģǴȴǳϲ
Ϊʲôأ
Ϊһǳϸĵʦÿ̵һ˿ǳ棬κβ̣鶼ǳĻش㣬ֱŪΪֹŪͻĶַ
Ϊе˷ǳ𣬼ֱȽ̵ԼĵӻϸģԣҲϲ顣
ʵҲôַ确ơġ
ǣ˼º˸öԣҲʼѧ˽ܣ˵Ҳʹϼ䡣
Ҷо鲻ôˡ
Ѿ˴ҵ磬㣬鶼û뵽
νͬӦ
һôһ̶Ļ֮ڣ޷ȥı价ôֻȥӦ
Ȼѡȥı䣬ȥӦôĻ㻹ıҪô
ָ֮£ҵΪͻͽԱȴұչؾҪĺܶࡣ
̶̵İʱ䣬ҵľ綼ﵽתתľ硣
ַͻתǡһ͡ǳûа취ͻƵھŲ㡣
ڡһûͻƵھŲ㣬Ϊַ֮ȥ˵֮ȥ
ڡǳҲַӵеǳ̫֮ˣ޷֧šǳת
ˣˡһ͡ħһȻ˵˵ʣֹܽ壬ǾԿԽԼΪת
ԣΪ˽ַ꣬ʹһȥɱˣ֮
ַŽĻ飬һ顣
ַǳȥɱˡ
ַٴγھ֮ʱѾңħĶħѾɱ˾Ͽգ
Ȼս֮϶֮Ľսʱûгǿ߶ûг֡
ʱַŴҳսȻֻս֮дߣ֮
ǳ죬ַ绹Ǹоˡ
ǣַʹǧ񹦣仯˵òȻħ֮жս
߶ǵˣַߵҪ֮ħû֮ģֻУԣַǲż˶ħ
ַ˵ļ룬ǿһƬɱ
˶֮
ͻȻ˼ʮɱǿߴֲ
ûҲûߣ˶Ƿǰ
ǿߣ۾˶ʮˣˣˡ
ߵսԽԽңǿԽɱԽ࣡
ֿħ֮ʱ۾ͻٻǿߣȫȥֿħ
ȻϿʮսôһս
ַɱһЩ֮תսȥսɱˣ
ַҲ֪ж٣ÿս֮ϣ
ַ֪Щսֻǿʼû˫֣սҲһֱȥڶʱ֮ڽ
ħսֻҪħ¾磬սͻһֱȥ
ħԹŲǶģֵжԵĹϵ޷ͽ⣡
ǧǰһεսۣ𣬳׵ĴӾ½޾ǿ֮ʧħҲ𣬶ħֻʣһӡǡ
Ůħ϶Ҫɱϵۺۻʮۣ
ŮʱǾ֮ʱϵۡۺʮھΪǲۡϵۺʮ۱
ϵۡۺʮ۲˾ŮҪɱŮħ£ŮԲԭ£
ַɱǧǿֻ֮ص˺֮ǣ֮ꡣ
ȴȥɱˣȥ
ַ緢֣Զûоͷ֪Ҫ˲ܽԲ
һ죬ַͻ룬Լ֮ԣȫˣ˵֮ң໥Է֮һôɱɾԿˣ
ַ罫뷨飬һ㶣Ϊ֮ھǻңǸҲǻңһЧ鷳ôȥռ佻ȥ㶫Ȼȡ֮óˣ
ַеΪʲôң
ĵΪϲɱˣɱҲһĥ֮öˡ
У
ʵ˵ûľȥɱĥʲô
һŲһϣĥʲô
ԣַͺȥ˿ռ佻ֻԽϺ£Ϊʱ޿̵Ĵ͡
ռ佻֮ɽ˺ս˶ϰΪں
ַٴҵ˶ĽǮ꣬Ǯ꿴ַ磬ϲ
£ϴߵʱҰ򶼸ţˡ

ɶַˣ˵ЩҪ򶼸ţ
ǰţߵʱôĵرǵȻ㣬Զš
ֱַӵ˼ҲҪˡ
ǮһɫһˣȻЩַ粻õĻкͺܺóֵģеȨôַ
Ǯǳǳأ
Ǯ׼ŭǱַһ仰ӲĶסˣı
ַдȪˮȥҪ֮
Ǯ۾һֱˣһƿÿһƿ
ֱַó˼ƿϣǮһ¸סˣѵȪˮĸͨˮһô
ǮǿѹסԼû⣬û⡭
һＤĳ˵û֮⣬֪ȥ˵ʲôˡ
УǮ֪꣬ڶĵλͣе鶼һֲٰ죬Ҳ֪Ǹ۰£Ҫ˽³ҵƷҲ뱻˶ϣô
˽֣Ǯ۾ˣĻһǮһֻǮֻܴõһô˽ôԼֽţܡ¡ܶ࣡
Ǯ꼱æͷ£һãȪˮÿı˵ÿһƿˣٶ࣬ҲĳȥҸ֮䶼ὫϢй¶ȥģ¿Ҫģڼ۸桭
ַ۸ԼŰ죬ֻҪ֮޵֮ô
ԼŰ죿Ǯ룬ûпڣȵһ֮ٿڣʱַ֪綨ǶˣʱԼĶĶԼˣ
ÿ¶һ֮ȪˮȸһԼŰͺˡ
һ
ǮֱӴ֮ϻԽǮתľ磬Ӷȣɼĵ𾪳̶ȣ
Ҹ㣬첻£©ʲôֻ·һ
ַĻ䣬һǿĲΥѹѹ˽Ǯ꣬ոջ׼վĽǮһƨڵϣȫס
Ǯд󺧣ԷһͷͿԷסԼĹʲô磿
ʲô粻˵Է֪ԼΪ۵µģвԼвʲô
ռ佻ʱµ˶ˣЩҲ׻£ǺһЩ˿սвˣַ绹ǵһ
ѵô϶ǣóȪˮвˣ϶֣
ҪҪ»㱨أ
Ǯˣ㱨棬Լʲôƣ
󣡸ˣ
ַ˵ţֱгһˮ
ˮ򶼿װȥװһǧȪˮ´ˡ
Ǯӵˮ֮°ֱӵˣ۾ɵıţ۾󡭡
˰ŻҪԶĿͻ˵ȴ֪ͻʲôʱˡ
ÿ£ַ綼һΣߴַ֮ҲʽǮ˶٣ʲô۸ֻҪǮ¾ͺá
Ǯȷ˲ֽţԼ˲ٻؿַۣҲʣǮϲ
ַͽǮĽһֱ˳š
ַ֮ġһͻ˵ھŲ㣡ַΪҲͻƵת
ַѾ״̬Ҳǿ״ַֻ̬֮ڵȱڣַ粻֪ô졣
ȱڵĴںӰʲôַҲûйܡ
ַѾͻƴܵҪʵĻ϶ͳԽͻƴܵ״̬ĸأҲԲˣͲôһˣΪַ绹ûͻת
ûͻת֮ǰַԲȥַҪȵԼͻƴ֮ʱڳأ
ã˵һҪתſԣ
ַʱ䣬޷ͻת
ôأˣҲˣǾ޷ͻƣַ粻֪Ҳ㲻ʲô
˶ͻתˣַһûͻơ
ַơ
оǣǰܵĺܿ죬ܲˡ
ַת֮ǰͻƵĺܿ죬ڿתˡ


518 ǳ
ʱСַ𣬡ַ磬統ǱʮǵΪѾ𶥷壬ҲǸñʱˣԼ£Լȥ
ַЦС壬˵⻰Ҳ̫˰ɣô˵ҲŮ派ѪҲˣ¿϶Ҫҡ
СȻǺã㻹бĸҪҪѾôΣҺСѩΪ帴£ͱκˡ
ǡðɣʲôµĻСѩСèʱϵң
СèٺЦְ֣ʲôµĻҲҪϵѽ򲻹˵ʱ͵
ַһߡ
ַףСôĵģСѩСè˶ͬ⡣
ÿ˶ԼĳޣЩȥ˵ĻԲѾȥˣ
񵱳ɱĴħȴûôΪַĳޣַЩˣЩûϵ
ַһֱ˵ߣȥ𣬿϶Ҫ˳ҪԴȥ𣬶ַ磡
Сô
СѾתˣĴѾʱԴ͵ַ粻õĴһʲô¡
֮ͱҵǵĴӪӪʱģκε˶
˶뿪ˣʣݼ¡顢ľˡ
ˣºݼַŮˣ϶ַ磬ľһֱַ磬뿪ַ磬飬϶ҪչأȳΪܲųȥ
ַΪ޷ͻƿղѣȥĥȻ֮⣬˶ַȥˡ
ַ޾ǿշС
ݼʱǿķǳռǿն֪ǿ֮ʲôأ
ݼһֱϷȥĳ嶯֪ǿյľͷʲô
ַҵڵ½죬ȥǿ֮⣬Խ˴㣬ĵǿ֮ϣֻ޾գǿտûоͷģûбԵһ
ݼҪȥ棿

Ҳǳ棬ҲȥͬҲûȥȥ¡
ľҲʾҪȥ
ðɡ
Ǻ˳ϷС
ҹ֮ΧĿʼı䣬˶оһЩ
ַ͵ϲ࣬ҪԽܵ޾ǿգ
ڵĵطǶ㣬ﵽƼĸо
˼УԽУԽ󣬵Щ𾳽˵ӰǳС
ʱ֮˷ɹƽм㣬ԽԽ˶оһɹǿѹʼѹ˴
ַټӰѾɣǴůɢݲͿĵ޾ǿˡ
˿̣ů㣬ΧĻôӣ˵ûӰ죬ǣҶоһǿĹѹƣֱ赲˵ĽŲ
˶оﲻԾַôҶͣ
ľʱʲôƵطĹѹôǿȥĻǵľģ
ַ΢һ⣬϶ǺˮȻĹѹôҷǳܣڣڴҵĳܷΧϷɣ˭Ҳ֪ᷢʲô¡
ַȽǬȥ̽·
ֻˡ
ַ绹ΪĴϵĴһ㣬ԴԽȥǣů㣬ַ綼ܵѹ
Сʱַ֮ڴԽů㣬һ㡪ɢݲ㡣
ɢݲַ֮оһɹǿĹҪַѹһ㣬ַԴ֮濪ʼһѡ
ַ֮Ҳһ𵴣ַ簵ľýսǬԼԻᱻĹѹĻɢ
ַѹǰģַԴ֮嶼ԳĹ
ֹסģռĹһһ
ַķУѹԽԽַԽԽܣ⻹ûеַļޡ
ַ̧ͷȥϾͿԵ޾ǿˣ
ֻ׵ľ룡
ַȻһֱٶ֮ȥ
ס
İס
һס
ʮס
ʮס
ַҪܲסļ֮ʱַڳ˹ȥ޾ǿա
ַʧȥѹʱȫ亹ֱһĻԼͻ飡
ղνǾһ̣̫ˣ
ַ绹ǳɹˣˣ
Լѵ壬ַһĸ֮̾ڵȪˮӿֶ޸ַ壬޸ķǳû°ʱǻָˡ
ȻַڵʣֻҪñԴܿܽ޸á
Դ֮Ȫ֮֮ȪˮƺֽˣûнΪȪˮǴȪˮ
ַ֮ĵ֮ķǳ죬ַȪˮ˺öΣñԴȥַţò˰ʱ䣬֮ͻ
ַ˷˳
ŶǾǰඡ
ҿǵһ̫ա
Ҷǳ˷ܣȻ˵գҲû˵
ţҺϲƮƮģǲκƮռûκιҹһӾͿԷǧ
ԡ
ಣ
ֻһ˾ͲӰ
ô죬׷
ȵң
Ҳȥ
ಣ
ĸת֮ѾӰ
ȻԴľ磬һ㣬϶ҵλá
ַҲ׷˹ȥĸǿ֮׷Ϸִ˲ƣ
ַҪ룬ͻȻܵԶһǳ֮
ף
ַ˳Լĸо˹ȥ
ַ֮翴ǿ֮һʮֱĴǿ֮Уɢǿǳ֮Щǳ֮ǿԶɢ
ַ˷ܵĲѣ⡭ǳԴԭʼǳ֮
ʮ֮Բ֮ȫǱԴѾﵽʵʻ
찡ַ綼Լ۾
ַ˵뽫ԲǬ
Сٻæˣǳ֮ǿ֮п϶ǳôǳԴһ°Ҿɱˣ
ַĵ˼ϰˣöᣬٺ١
᲻ˣǾգ
ַ羲֮Уתǳ
ַոתһַʶֱӽַѪ
Сӣ͵ҵǳ
һ뷢԰׵ͷһץסַĲӣһ½ַ
ߴһ޺ַٵַ߰ٷ֮һʱ䶼ûУ
ַ֪鷳ˣλǿּ
ǰҲǹģҸǳ֮ˣ֪ǰĶĻҿ϶ô
߷ſַ磬ޱȾ㵵ĵ㡭㲻Ǵܣ
ַ𾪣Ҳ˵ǰλǴܣ
ż񰡣
ַѹԼ𾪲ѵǰΪոյת
λܵɴ˫ۣ񿴹һ㿴ַ磬㲻Ǵܣ㲻ǴôŶ֪ˣǴܴˣ԰ôܴôһˣתת
ַ缱æǰǴӾոģеû¸ɣԺͼתתһѣûʲô
ɶǳģ㲻Ǵôƭң
ַ缱æǰƭأûƭ㣬Ǻһģʱ򣬲棬Ҷ֪һôȥ
ߵûҵĻô˴ܣûܴԽķӡˣˣҹôģңǸ˭͵ҵǳҸû꣬ǸҲû꣡һһɱǸܣ
ַ亹Ϊô£ôƢ
˴ַܶȻôˣ
ַܲ磬ַ粻˵Ȼܿ϶Źַ硣
϶ַһܴģһܵĵӣû˭ģҲɱַ磬һ˲õô죿
ַһǸԼûмĴʦǵǰʦǳգǰ˵ɣ
ܴĶַӣͻȻЦ
ַһͷߣѵʦڴܵôЦ
ַŭǰҵʦΪһܣ㾹Ȼḡ
߲ûзŭɴЦЦˣʲôḡḡܾһҪһָ߸ϼƣֵòȻ̬ôôҾôܾҪ޾׿һʲôʲô˼
ַĵǰЦʲôʦôЦô
ɴЦþ֮ŵѾѶᣬӸ㣬Ӿǳգ

ַЦǳգðʦϲʦô
ǳȻˣַıǳ棬һֱڿЦ
ǳͻȻԼһһûмĵھ½ô
ţǳͻȻһץһ˳ǰ
ǳǿ
ַ磿
˿ԷĿڴ
£ַǳ˴۵Сۣ˰죬ԭԼˣ

ǳֿƲסԼЦЦַҲƲסЦ
ǳǿʦͽˣɶͷԡ
ַκʦĳôҲû뵽ʦһμ
ǰַǳյĻӰǻӰǳģֲʵģַ϶ϲˡ
Ӱݼʦ𣡡
ǳֹͣ˴Цϻ̿ס
ˣɣ֪ܲǴܣ֪ҵݣ㻹ΪΪʦֶײңĺܲǳǿλɸΪʦһõӰ
ǳǿǳյĿ佱Ҳһϲ
ַʦΪλأ
ǳյǰãǳǿ½ϵ۸ˣҸϹΪ˾ǳǿȻҵ϶²ȥһռѣӲĽǳǿ͵
Ҫߵʱǿշɢǳ֮ǣҾһֱռǳ֮ǳ֮ѹû뵽ǿյǳô࣬һѹһôԲһղ꣬ҲߣԣҾչҸȥ߲ǡȥһѣûжã֮Ϳ͵ҵ
ǳȷʵܿģַӷǳ⡣
ôģ⣬ǳշǳġ
ַĹ̸ǳգǳҲ𾪲ѡ
Դ֮壿찡
ǳַ壬һ£ȷԴ֮壡ǳֵǣַ겻ȻⲢӰʲôΪĵطҲ걣ƽ⣬ûʲôų⡣
ʦҸоڵʡ綼ͻתıԵһֱûͻƣ֪ΪΣ
ǳյԶԶһʣǻ֮壬Ѿ˶㣬Ѿ˽ܵľ磬ֻһֻͳΪˣ
ǣþħԴںΪһҪ־磬ͬʱܵͻƵſΪܣȻͻƴܵĻ϶ҪΪʦԴʼΪһ壬ֻ˵һУǸֻһ˵ѡ


519 ʵ
ַǳǿͬʱʵʦǸ˭
Ǹ˽кɣ˵֮УǧĴߣȻֻǴ˵ѣǿɱ档
ɣ
ַ½ʱһЩŴ伮񻰴˵֮˵֣ȻУǿ϶ģ
Ϊ½Ů̹Ŵ񣬻ϵ۵ȶǴ˵ڣַȴʵĴڡ
ǳռڵĻѾˣǳôһ㣬ΪʦĿָ㣬ǳħ֮ǰѾ˽ľˮⰵϵҪħ̫ˣܣӵжϵ
ַһɥʦҽǳˣһʲô磿
ǳյȰܾҪǿܶ࣬ĴҪܶࡣ㲻Ҫ̫࣬ʺС߲ʯǶϵΪʦ취ȥһˣɣȥ߲ʯ
ǳ˵꣬ˣַ߲ʯȥˣַͻƴܣ
ǣǳһߣҲûл
ַھ޴ĹԱǳ֮
һᣬݼҵַ磬˾޴ǳ֮Ĺ𾪲ѣҲΧڹΧ
Ȼ˵ǳģǱԴԴǵʣ
Ǵǧ꣬ҲͿǳˣûǧꡣ
ַ֮ͻˡǳھŲ㣡
ַһַ֮ѾַΪǳھŲҲǽĹˣҲûжãȻھʱ򣬿϶û㹻ǳַҲܳɹ
ַõԼѾˣֻҪǳˣǳ϶ǳ򵥣ȴַǳѣôһ꣡
ַ꡶ǳھŲַ֮Ҳû뵽ٴεĽ֮ڸӵӵеַ綼ܸܵһССӶܸܵ
ͬʱַҲͻתǳͻ
ַͻת֮֮ڵĻǳ洩ƺҪַޱ޼ʵһ㡣
ÿһϸС޾֮
ַо˿Լܺ鿹⣡
ǳ˵ģֻҪǳԲҪȰǿ
ַֻħͿԳΪܡ
ںܾ֮ǰַͷַҲһͷˣڰȫħֵַԼģħˡ
ѵ¿ʼô㿪ʼô
ַ룬Ҳܣ
ΪַѾеѾ֮ڣ궼ѾֻжϵӦַ壡
һϵһַھͻᱻɱ
ǳȥ߲ʯˣһֱûл
ַҲ֪ʲô¡
ַȥ߲ǣǱǳǿֹˡ
ǳǿֻ߲дܲܽȥǸȥˣĹֻдܲܳܣʦôûлֻһܡ
ַ缱æʲôܣµģ˵
ǳǿɫʦˡ
ʲôַһʦôܳ£ʦǴܣ
ǳǿ޵еģҸʦôãҲ֪һЩ飬ܸͲ޵еģʦһʲô˵ʲôˣҺȾƣ˵ܱɱ顭
ܲ޵еģ
ھ½˭˵ôһ仰û˻ţΪܾ޵еģ
ַзǳܣѵʦĳô
ܰɣʦ˵ȥ߲ʯʱǳģ߲ʯûʲôѶȣʦôô
ǳǿַ磬ʲôµĻȥɣʦʦˣʱȥ㡣
š
ַҲȣʦǴܣʦĳʲô£ԼҲûа취Ȼַţһܲô׳µġ
ַ罫װǬǳǿķȥ
ַһͷɢݲ㣬ѹҲǳ󣬵ʱöˣַֻ΢𵴣ƤѶѡ
Խ䣬ѹԽСַоԽɡ
Խַ֮罫ҷ˳
ߣȥ֮ǡ
´ˮ򣬴ȥ˺֮ǣ֮ڣ˶ڱչء
ַ磡
ְ֡
ҿַΧȥ
ַ翴ʮλֻʣλ˶û¡
ַ缱æʵأ
Сдŵİˣˡ
ˣǰǴսʮɱۣҪɱʮ֮ʱϵۺ۳֣ǴһȣǻȫûǺϵ۴ܾ֮ʱħ;Ůٻ޾Ԩǧħ̵֣
ַʵʮô
Сˣɱĸħ;Ůɱۺϵˡڣ綼Ѿħ;Ůƣ
ַ޾ǿմ꣬û뵽緢ô£ַû뵽ħ;Ůôͳһ磬̫ˣ
ۺϵˣǻܵȥأ
ѵۺϵ۵ôױħݻôܣ
ַʵС壬ʱǺϵ۽֮ʱǵΪۡϵ۱٣
Сܶ࣬Ǵ򲻹ۺϵۣʮ˲ǿܶԿۺϵ۵һֺۺϵֻӵķݡ
ַͷϵۺҲǾת˱Сǿֱ
˵ϵۺۻûеܵľ硣
ڣ綼ħƣСǾͲҳȥħ;Ůַ硣
Сѩ磬࣬Ů派ѪϵüΣϵ㣬һΪ㡭
Сѩ۾Щ졣
СèҲǰԼҲϵ㣬ǵԼڣ˵ûµģǶ룬ְ֣Ҹ㰡軹ء
СèСѩһСèƨɣСè죬Ȼء
СèӵޱίΪʲôż˵ʵͱŹ
ַ罫ȥ޾ǿյ¸˴ңҶޱȾȡ
⼸Ҳϵ£Ǽ˵ȷΪǳʲôˣܿ϶ûΪǱʲôطˣԭȥȥˡ
Сַ̾磬ô˵ӡ֮Ǵܵˣ
ַͷɣǿ֮ϣͿԿܣǴǵ磬ûгΪ֮ǰҲȥǿգȻһǳ
ǰھ£Ҳȥ濴ǷһЩ·̣оȥûκҲûκζŷԽֻԭ·ˡ
ǰҲȥСǰļһȥǷɲȥĹǸͳ岻ȥǾˡ
˶кĵģҲ⣬ƾ඼ϷȥǶѹ
ַȥ飬ڱչء
ַ粻飬׼뿪֮ʱ۾ˡ
šַ߹ȥʵôˣ
Ŀ˸ַɨɨȥ
ҸоϾҪΪܣܵľһֽôʼͻƲһֽпͻƣпܼ¼꣬ҲпҪʱ䣬Ҿͻƴܵģֻʱ⡣ǣҺоͻƴˣֻǸо
оַЦΪʲôֻǸо
ΪҸоѾĶ֣ԣΪѾΪ˴ܡ
ǺǡҸǴܣҺɣǾϲôһ㣬ϲôһ㣬Ϊ˵ϲܶ࣬Ҳħ֮
Ŷ鲻⡣
ַ罫޾ǿ֮ǳյ˵顣
˼
ַ⣬Ҳûа취
ַ磬ʱôˣ
ַһֱæͻƾ磬취ΪܣѾþûʱˡ
ЦҵʱѾˣǺǡ

һֱ򲻵ʱ߾磬ҵзֲĹϵҿռ֮ȥʱ׶ˡκ綼ʱͿռ佻ɣศɣһɣһ־׶ˡ
ַЦʱֹͣˣ
ţˣʩչռдܵĹʱͿռǴƶġʵͨ˾ͷǳ򵥣ļ¾ļ¾ǿ죬ϴһƽʱֹͣ
ǿʼʱͿռ֮ʱǳСǵĪĹϵֹʶģȫȥڽǬҸʾһ¡
ַ̾ǰԼ飬ڳԼˡ
Ǭ
ʹˡ졯ַ緢ǬѸٳӰһʱ䣬ǬѾǧӰַоÿģ
ַ۾ʶ̽һ£ÿģ
ʲô
ǧͬʱſ͵ǿѾӽµһ֮оƶǧΣʶ۾ӦͿǧǧӰʵ߶ѣƶʱ죬ӰɢʱּԣǧӰ֮ʧʵһֱߣӾʶƭ㣡
һ㣬ʹʱ֮ʱһҪסռƽ⣬һҪͬһռʩչҪȻͻʱתǵǰ˵ʹʱһļٽ棬ûаסռƽ⣬ʱתĻǳΣգȻʱ߾ǴȥͻصδǴûɹʹɹˣȥˣصδˣǸزˣΪʱѾȥˣѾҲˣʱŴ˹ȥͻصδ
ַ츳ʱָ浽ַʱ佫ʱ˴ɣ
ַ֮ͬʱء
ַ֮緢ֺµľѾߵһֲ˼ĸ߶ȣϵϢȻַ粻£
ַϲæʵ£ôˣ
µҵĻѾԲҲѾԲѾԲҸоʱпͻƴܣҸоҪս
ַǵãʦǳ˵ֻҪһֱԴ֮壬ﵽԲͻƴܣ
ǻ֮壬ѾԲ
ַопܵһͻƴܣ
ַо˶ӣûн١
С塢СѩСèĸڴѾԲǴҲתûˣҲʹǵΪֹڴˡ
ܣѾԵ
ҲһѸýĶ̸ˣҲǴƶĻǾ½õˡ
еõˣԼļҲͲͻˣʲôֶܴʵļޣ
ַγأҪҾϲ
ǿʲô
ַгһ߲ʹʵÿ˶о߲ʹʵ֮ϴ籾Դ
ǴҵľѾﵽ𣬳ݼ֮⣬˿¶²ʲôʵ
ʱÿ˵϶֮ɫ˶ڵһʱ䶼ܵıԴͲ²⵽ǰ߲ʹʵǡʵ


520 ֻܻһ
֮ҲΪ˵֮УŮ֮һ֮ΨһĶ
֮һ֧ҲһıԴ
֮ҪǧܷѿԴַ֮絤֮ڵȪ֮ķǳ죬ϱԴڶ̶̵ļʮн˹ʵ
֮ÿοʮſ֮
ַţΪ޷ˣʵΪֻͻͽ
ְ֣Ҫԡ
Сè۷Ź⣬ſˮ񱼶ַе֮һȥ
ְ֡ҳԵ̫ˣԥ̫˷ˣһ̽ˣûгζԣְ֡ٸһŰɣҳʲôζ
ַȻ
Ȱˣٸ㡣
ãְֲƭң
Сè˵꣬ܵһ䣬һͺ˯СèϺܿһ߲ʹ⻷Сèȫ
˶óʵѾˡ
Сè˯Ľġ
ַŴҶ֪֮ĹʵÿһţŴҳ֮Ϊһһ̨ףʱǾȥħ;Ůˣ
ÿ˶һţѡҶǳСĳʵʼչ
ȻַͳʵַԺ󣬳ڵԴһЩ֮⣬ûʲô仯ַ֮ڣʵ϶˶á
֮ҲֻڵϢ࣬Ҳûʲôı仯
ַף˵ľ硢ʺ궼ѾһֿҪͻƵĸ߶ȣʵ˵ĸѾûжá
Ϊ֤һ㣬ַ緢ֺ³ʵ֮Ҳֻǻ֮࣬ȫɢһϢѣҲûжá
ʣµ˳ʵַܸ֮ܵ˵ʱʵ죡
ݼʵ֮󣬵֮һʵӣַ缱æ֮Ȫˮ˹ȥݼ࣬ҽԼȪȪӲķָһ룬Ƶݼڡ
ַоݼ֮Լڵ֮ûа취ȥȣͬӵӴȴûбԴ
ַףֻһãʵ£Ҳֺܳһģһ
˵ֲ֮ģǿȥͻűֻʵ͸Ϊ
ַ硢ͺչŴңʱʱ̿ʶŴڵ״ʲôƿʲôǣ˶׷׸ҽ
˵Ľǳ졣
ʮ֮˶ֹͣ˱չء
ʱ򣬴Ҷ˰ܵľ硣
ǣַŴҳ˺֮ǣӴ˿̿ʼĻ
ٴγھ磬ħ죬ַܵƯĴ½֮ϣÿ½֮жͷһޱȾ޴Ĵ󣬶Ʈھ֮еħǴӴ֮Ʈ
ַоħǳϤַףǾʮŲ޾Ԩħ
ħҪ޾Ԩħ磡
ַʶһѾ硣
ַ緢֣оʮĺɫÿ֮ϵֶԨ֡
ףЩ޾ԨʮŲ
ɱʮֱħˡ
ಢûиϾɱǶѾħū
ȥħɣЩ飬Ǹһ˶ˡ
½ֱӴ͵ħǵıԵ
ħǱӡħĴӪħĴħ϶ħǣ
ɣ
˿ַ̣罫֮ھ޴ĺڶ˳Լüġ
ɵ߾磬ַħ򵽵ġ
ħַ֮ħħ֮ʱַ翴ħüһתĺڶʹõɣ
ħһַѾȫȫǾ㽣鲻ڣַҲᣬûоħڣַʹġ
ϾĹûôȥã
ַüĵĺڶתʼ磬ɿʼ֮ʱȭͷСٵ󣬱һֱΪǧ׵ĺڶ

ħ˷ʱշ籩ʱպһɾ޴˹ӿ˺ڶ֮С
ַյٶȷǳ죬ַ緢֣Ҫħǵʱշ籩ȫգûаʱģ
ַ翪ʼʱշ籩ħ֮һ𵴣ʱշ籩ٵļ٣ħǵ忪ʼѣޱȾ޴ѷĴ죬ΧɽͻȻͬʱ̵ҽɫĺһɽϳ£ƺҪħû
ô£
չ֮еħŮĴħͬʱ쳣ۼһ
Ůǿߣȥħǻ
ħޱȷŭħҺķѪʱɣô
˿̣ͻȻ˷ʱշ籩ڿٵתƣħǵĿռ俪ʼŤħɽʯֲ￪ʼʱշ籩
ħ󾪣ߣҪȻҲᱻʱշ籩
ħŮĴħӡ֮ڳ˹ȥ
˿ַ̣֮⣬ʣµ˶ڷӡվţ˵ʶӡģԳ˾ͻǴȥ
Ļ˶ᱻʱշ籩֮Уʧ棡
ħոսӡһȱڣշ˳ȥͻȻһӴݺݵ˹
ħ˺ֱ˽ȥŮȻһر˷ӡ
ŮҿǣǶס˳ڣǳȥ
ħħ͹סħǣħǱϾҵǼΪһ
ħ䣬ħŮĴħһվλħޱǿʶ˵ʶܵһ
ħݺݵһҧȻһ
ţ˵һǿиıħǵĹ
ħǱǵһԵħʱħ֮ʱѪ£ҪıҲǳѡ
ħϾħħ
ħǺħǱʱպʱѷ֮УĻԶˡ
ħ˷ȫʱշ籩ħȴһֱھϿգΪħǵ㱻ħʱգѾɸı䣬ԣΧٶʱշ籩ܽƶĿռ䡣
Ǵ˿ַ̣Χʱշ籩Щʱշ籩Ǵڰ״̬ģַôһĿ
ʱշ籩׷׷ںϱʱպһжɣ
ʱħǵͻޱӴʱպƶ
ѡֻҪﵽһĳ̶ȣͻƫƣôħǾͻᱻʱѷ죡
ʱ֮ʱշ籩Ѿʱվ棬͸ʱԼĿħǣʱκ˶ԴԽʱħˡ
ַֹͣɣʱӰԶߡ
׷
ַû뵽ħ;Ůӣ
˶ơ
ʵħҲӣֻǷǿиıħǵ˺ܶ࣬ڱ߷У߻ָѡ
֮Уħ˾ͱַסˣڿռ䴫֮£ķٶٿ죬Ҳܲˣ
ħЦħ֣һħ£
ַ翴žħϤһУкܲζ
ħٻ˾ʮźͶħ
ʮŸ
ȻЩǵסַ˵ĽŲǻʱסַˡ
ַ´㡢£˸ߣȥ½ħͽˣ
˵ַ꣬½ˮ
¿ˮͣ˲ƶټ֮ڶסħŮĴħ
ַǲˣڿռ֮£Ϊߵôеһ˶ϰɣ
ħ;Ůܵǰ˵ϢıǶǿ˰ľ
ħַĵǲûܣֻǺķ̫ڻָû뵽Ϊô죬Ѿϵҵĸ߶ˣЩڣûɱ㣡
ַЦãҸʱָһ¹һ깻
Ůһʱ͹ˣ
ַ絭ĵãһʱҪÿװף
һĵˣַʱ䣬ǳ㲡Ҫ
ЩˣַںˣȴǲݵУ
ֵܣѣˣĸĸڵĵˣ
˿ַ̣ǳᣬַڵѪ
ַôȥ䣬ӲȦ
Ϊַ籾һѪ⣬֮ˣ
һʱַоһô
ʮ֮󣬺˶׷Σû˷ַľ
ﶼףַ϶ܡ
һʱȥˡ
ַĿ̽̽ĶĪƣĪƣ֮˶ϰɣ
ĪƵã
ʱ˳ҧгݣ磬ң
ĪƶԺҺַ֮£ͲҪκ˰ɣ
Цֵ֮ĸ飡ô磡ˣֵܣҲ˵´μ棬ǲݵУ
ĪƴЦãֵܲݣ
˷˸߿ա
ַͺֵģһĪɱȥ
˶ûж֣ħߵ붯֣һַǱߵ˶ᶯ֣
ֵ֮£ֵֻȥ
ַͺ֣ޱӴ֮Īϯȥ
ͻȻĪƳ΢΢һЦ磬ܣټˡ
ĪƲûж˵ĹҲûκεķűɱ
һַ̣ͺͬʱ֣Ѿһ˻ȥ˷ɣַͺͬʱѪ𵴣
һС֮Īƴɡ
ĪҲѪһķ顭
ܣ
ַĪͬʱ˹ȥ˽ĪƷס
ַ缱æóȪˮ֮ĪǣûõģΪĪɱ˭ȵˣ
˲ףĪΪʲôҪô
Īᣬַ磬硭ҶԲ㣬ҳ㡭ҳҺһΪ˸ħǣҺ֮ĸ鶼ģûмٵģħ½֮ǰѪħ֮ǰҶԴĸ鶼ġҲġɼΪѪħԼʹ磬岻ȫûѡأҶǵĸ鶼ģǵͬǵӪͬħҵõǰȫ䣡Ҽǵôġ
磬Բ𡭡ǣħҪɱ㣬ҲֹģҲĸԸħΪħҵˣǸһеˣħڴôħҵĸģȻħҵˣǶҺֵһ㡭ǰļ䣬ļ䣬Ҷȴ
ҶԲ㣬ֻܻһС
ַͺҲᣬĪûеѡһֵܣһҲˣôѡ
岻ȫ
ΨһŶԵˣ
Īֿźô磬ҳϡùôҺСʶʮһĸ֮ǾʶΪһʲôˣҪɱ㣬λᣬڲ֪֮ɱ㣡ûУǶԲ磬ҴûжԲ㣡


521 ܣ
㻹ǵľǲã˶εˣһôһֱ֪Ǹ˭ɣڸ㣡ǸңΪҲ뿴
һסˣַҲסˡ
ͷᣬܣҶԲ㣬ҶԲ㣬㲻һ
Ī͹ǣһжûõġ
ĪƵ磬ûõģû¡ˡ
䡭
ĪƵѾȫķ顣
ĪƵĪеѪħҲźȻը
ˣҲһԱ
εȸˣ
ַͺĬ˵Ķʹ˼㡣
ֵһӣ˾͸ܡ
ֵ֮䲻Ӧô
ЩǿαװģеĶǲαװģ
飬ֵֿܸôװأ
ַһ£Ͳᷢ¡
һֱַûȥĪҲûУ
˾һֱװţַԽԽΪĪƱԼ
ڣַףĪƲûбѣԼĪƣ
ĽƲ뱳ħ뱳ַ磬ΪѣѡһУ
ÿ˶££ַ粻֪ôȥԭԼ
ħ꿴ĪˣûһᣬŭޱȵĶַͺ
СһĮȻĪƵһ㶼ģһıӣ
˼˳˼֪ʲô
ħ;ŮҲڳ˼ħϴһɵİ˺ʹࡣ
ַ翴ĳħĪ֮ĸģ
ַʱĶŸСڸˣ
ڸСַɱˣӵߣַһ·ܶ¶Ƶģ
СЦĴħһֵģ㵽ѪħԸղʣ˲ûжڣҲһ֣Ҫ㣬ѾһУħ֣ڣ
ôַЦɱħǣ㵽ô
СΪϢӾ½ʧ˼꣬һΪأû㵽ͻȻȻˣȻ㵽˶Ҫ
ַǼȥ޾ǿգһռ䣬Ҳ㲻ˡ
ַЦСǰܶ°ɣÿҶƾӸöɣ㲻⼸ȥǾʹ⼸ҵ涼ǿհףĿհҪ£㻹ôһϰɣ
Сַ˹
ħ
ַһ㶣֮Ľ֣ⲻô
ַ˵ûȥҲûȥܣֱ˽ȥ
һַ̣Ѿһռ䣬ﵽǱ֮еĻɽ̵ҽƺҪռǻԵħռ䣬ַոսȥоȫѹһ룡
С˳ַ׿⡣
СЦħĵһһ𣬾ǶҲᱻѹƣֻ·һ
ַЦϵľ磬ѾûõģΪǵסô
Сԣ˵ûһûãǵһԵרΪϾ׼ģİɣɱ㣬ȻٽһĴǵȻɱˣ
ħЦ˶࣬һӵϣĻὫȫɱڣѾûлˣ
ǺǡǾ˵ѹôˣô
տʼʱַȷѹһ룬ַ緢ԼڿٵӦ磬һӲʱ䣬ѾȫӦ
ַҲô£ԼڵԴ֮壬ӦӦκοռɡ
СͻȻһ
ַЦˣ
Ǽʶʶʲôĵ򡪡
ַǿп˵ոտͽ֮һű
䣡
䣡
ħôܺĵȣһ춯صıը֮УħʧС˱ѷ˽ȥ
ıըӰ첻ΪóڵˣѾʧȥֱϵը飬˲˱
ַЦӭ
ʹʱֹͣϵĹĹڵء
μˣ
Ƕæǵȥɡ
ַþûˣַ緢ֵһжתʹߵѾﵽڼƵʹץ꣬Щ궼ĵȴյжֻء
С˴󾪡
ַ硭㡭ӡǸӡǣĿô£
ַͷӡǲģ㲻Ҫǣ죬ˣΪܵ͵ʱλ۰޸ӡǣ
Сͷ亹ܣⲻܣӡǱħֽţ˭Ҳ޸
ַЦҸɣĿǳԴר޸ӡȱʧ֢
ˣСɣ
У
֮һеĹϢַգһ̣ȫȻСϯȥ
ڵС˵Ѿѹһ룬ŵеѾﵽ˼ֲľ硣
ȫһҲûַһǿ
֮ռ
ûκ⣬˱ɱ
ѹһ룬ҾΪûַߡ
˵һ˿걻ַ
Сǧ㣬Ҳ㲻Ľɣ³㱾ħھŷһʼӴҾңİɣҲô
Сһ˿ַַŹҰɣͶ̥תɣҪ飬Ĳô
һôַЦš
Сõ֮ϳһ˿ЦɱôΪôûκӳ˵ֻأǴҲУѾݻһУһжǸЦôÿ˶ǱŪߡ
ַ˸СĻˣ˴ʮ˲ó
ַ磬̫ˣ
ôԱûţɱܣ͵Զĥɣ
Сһ˿걻һʹߴˣȴСĥ
˼࡭
˼൭ĵҪôɡ
ַ֪ûħ󷨡֮ǰûħĴм䣬ǾŮȰȰƽ壬һԼìܣףҸܵĵԣȥתͶ̥һ㻹һľɡ
ַŽ˼ԲСĻħͷھһʹ޵ľɱ¾ս
˼õһĴм䣬һļҲʧԽ˼һֱһֱԼԲԣһֽѰɡ
˼һԼ߾飬Цлл㣬ַ硭
һʹ˽˼ַ࣬Ŀⶢħꡣ
أҪô㣿
ħɱҰɣҿɲȥʲôʮ˲УҲҪȥתͶ̥Ҳĺ⣡ɱ˸ףɱҵİˣԶԭ㣡
ַ絭ĵĪƵϣҷŹ㣡
ˣȥͶ̥һһ˼ң
˶ߡ
С֮ӡֱַ˽£
ɣ
ַ
Ѿַܸ֮ܵеôӲַġ
ʼھҷȴַɡ
֮еϲַ壬ַӾΧתơ
ַһ㶣ʲô
һַ̣оԼĿͻȻޱȵһܵļһ㣬Ŀ֮ȫһеݡ
ľɲôյģַ绨ʱŽȫա
ȫתƵַ˫Ŀ˿ַ̣˫Ŀһ̨ԣ
ַĿʶ֮ȫݣκĸӦ͹ĸӦȫַʶ֡
ַܿʼܵļһС
һʹϹתַʶһɨʹϺΧеϢַգַжϳʹҪʲôҪʲô˵¸µĽҪʲô
찡
ַһ±ˣѵҵʶĿⶼôһжԾȷ
ַ˵ħڽ֣º;Ůڽ֡
ҿַ֪ħѾȫˡ
鴦ѹħһͷħоħ֣ħħʹõĳ뻯ϡħ󷨡˴˸ƽ֣ħ·磬Ҳɱħ
ַǵ˵־磬Ҫɱһ̫ˡ
Ҳһ;Ůѽѷ֣±ƵľŮڽڰˣǾɱ˾Ů
ȥûģַ֪ҪսͻƣǴɡ
ַĿ֮һݣЩݺܿͻγɻ棬ַԺ
ַĿһȷߵκϢӰ쵽µ˵Ϣַʶܿ죬ַ֪µսԣһлûгַ֣֪ʮԺʲô
ѵԤδô
ڲ֪֮ռһϢͨЩϢƶϳδ֮£֮
¶һɲ䣬һ˼սȦôǰж飬ͻ㡣
ַһֱĽʱ㣬ַҪ֪ȥĽʲô
ַˣСʱ֮󣬺ͻƴܣ
Сѩʱַ磬Ҫһӵϣħͷˡ
ַҡͷǴɣº鶼ҪĥǴĥĺûᡣ
İǿ߽֣˹սҲѧϰپ顣
һСʱˣսڼ
ħ;ŮѣǴɱǲˣȥ˼ôֻķ
öʡȥˡ
ʱͻȻһЦ˶ڣ˶Ĥʹ
ôܣ˶ǰܣʲô˶Ĥʹ
ÿ˶оˣ˵ĴЦγʵʻ
顢ºħŮֹͣ˽ս
ţӰԲ˼ٶǰ˶ûзôģ
ǿռ䴫ͣռᲨҶܲ׽˶ûиܵռĲ
ô˵Ƿģ
û˿ôģ˵˵ٶѾԽе˺ܶ౶
ϵۺۣϱѹֱѹ˶˶оϵۺɽһ㣬˾Ǵɽ֮µһ㣡
ʲô
жͬʱ֣ܣ
ϵۺôôͻƴܣǰħ鶼򲻹
˿ַһ飬ϵۺ۲ĻСʱ֮ͻƴܣôʹǰ㣬ʼ飬ٴ㡭
ַܿ쿴˽


522 սۡսϵ
ַСС壬Һ顢£ߣ
С֪ܲܿģҲַֻܸ鷳
ϵۺ۲ûֹСǴߣڴ˵ӵκεطûõģҲҵ
ַֻ֪Լͺ¡кʹ΢һսʵĻԻ
ַħЦħҪˡ
ħ;Ůͬʱͷ
ħϵۺ۵ǰλɱĶӣû뵽̶̼꣬ѾΪ˴ܣңôΪܵģ
۵ðɣ֮ǰס
ܳΪȫǱǱƵģǴսħ;ŮڰпǴȻܳңϴβˣûȥ֮ĹǸպʱշ籩ݣǣƴʱշ籩֮дȥ֮ĹһƬ磬˼꣬ͻƴܣ죬˵ڣ
˶֪֮ĹΧʱշ籩˭Ҳȥ
˭Ҳû뵽ϼһôãʱշ籩ݣҲ壡
ʱ֮Уܶʱպ۵Ĺ֮Уͻܵʱշ籩ʱеʱһʱպγ֮ʱͻеʱշ籩ʱߣЩطڶʱ֮γգ
ԣϵۺƬ֮иպÿ֮ĹıԵ˾ƴĳ˹ȥ
ʱҲΣյģΪʱպûγϣ޴ǳֲȥԶ޷
ϵۺ۳ɹˡ
Ůͽûңнĵλôѵˣ˭һǣѪʱ˳Ϊϵۺ۵ôҽ罻ǣ˻һĵĻȥɣҪ־֮£
ϵЦŮҳһҺ˵ʦǹʥʺɣ㣬ǣǴСͽ̵ԺҪħħ磡ģʲô㾹Ȼѡħħͷһ㱳ǣǱ㣡
۵ϵ˵ûŮһжĴһжħ磬ħ˳ӦУԣͻ˴ܣȴûУϴħսûнɱΣ˲ѷɣ
ַ˺ħ˶һۣ֡
ַȣǳ𣡡
齿ȣħ
ĺȵƣ
ħȣħһ
Ůȣ٣
ʹõĶԼΪǿɱУҶתȫԲ
˵һǿŤ
۳ˣһǧ׳Ŀռ䱻Ӳ˺˿һޱȾ޴ʱѷ콫˵˽ȥһлָƽ˾
ǿĹô׵Ľˣ
ޱȣǲɿģȻҵֻһ֮ңǾôһ֮ңȴ粻ȥ
˼ڷϵ۳е˲䣬׽һʲôͻȻ۾һ
ַѵǴܵ
ЦⲻǴܵѾܵѹƣǴ֮ǿǽܵĻ¾Ͳܴռˡ
־˺ʱѷ죿ô
Һ򣡡ʱվ˳
˵꣬Ȼһ˺˼׳ʱѷϯȥ
һæ֣ҲһռѷµĿռѷ콻ȥ
䣡
µʱѷײһ𣬽׷Բ˲һʱĿռ䣡
˷׷׺ˡ
ʱҸܵ˺ϵϢٵıǣﵽ˺ϵۡͬĸ߶ȣ
ۺϵͬʱУôܣ
ЦûʲôܣʵǴܣҲǴܣռ䣬ǲͻƴܵģΪܲ˴ܵ٣ֻǷãã֮вͻƣڶﵽ˴ܵͻƵѡ
ϵͻȻҼ㣬ǸĹ˴ŵǸŮ
ûңΪǣʦͲԣ죬ǾͰ°ɣ
˵꣬ϵۺ۳ȥ
˫֮䣬ȫ˺ſռѷ콻֣ռڿٵıʱ
ϵ۳۵ȵסȥɱˣ
ã
һҪַǱ߳ȥȴ
ַ絲ǰߣǱ߳ˣҵţ
ôһ仰вһů
ϵ۶飬ϴξɱȺ˶ϣ
ַЦ붯ҵˣȴҵʬϲȹȥ
仰һů˵ҵˣѵô
˿ȫַˣַ˵ǣҵˣַѻ鶼ǡҵˡɣǵŮˡ
ַ֮Ҫ飬ΪַǳѾԲʦǳ˵ַǴ֮ǿˣ
ԣϵۺۻûͻƴܣֻͻƴܵٽѣַԼܵסϵۣ
ԣַսȳߡ
ΪַԸΪԼȥȥ
һ㺽ΧͻȻʲôͻƴܵġһֽ񱻡ͱһۡ
ֱַǧ׳Ļֱǧ׷Χǳϵ۳˹ȥ
ħ;ŮַҪϵ۽֣˶һۣԶݡ
źַÿǿһס۵һУĵ֮ж˴ܣ˿̲ߣȴʱ
ħ;Ůˣûȥ׷
ϵ˺ſռ䣬ħַ֮ϯ
Ǭ⡪ħ䣡
֮ǳ֮ݺݵһ𣬳ϵ۵Ĺ
䣡
֮ײһ𣬲˲ıըˮݵ֮ײһӦ˲佫ϵ˺Ŀռѷպϣϵ۳ȥ
ϵ۸û뵽ַôǿ
ַҲǴ޾ǿջ֮󣬲˱Դ塣
Դһͬڣһƽ⣬ͻˣѭϢֻе֣Ǿˮݣ
ַǰǳ֮ħ֮壬ʱħӲһ𣬵ûںϣַ֮ڵĻǳһռԼĵ̣ںϣ
ǵַ˻֮󣬽ɻ֮壬ںϣѭϢĳΪϵʣ
ԣַԼԴľУǬħ䣡
ϵֱӱɣһ̣Ѫϵٴ˵ַǰ
Сӣ㾹Ȼ˵ңȥ
ϵһ˷޾ʱѷַɶȥ
ַһ˲䣬ʱ֮У
ɣ
ַüһתĺڶǧ֮еʱһɶ
ϵ۴󾪣ʱҲɣ
Цɣһܹأ
ַȫ׷Բʱշ籩ϵ۳ȥ
ϵ۴󾪣ҲУ
ַȻǶԸϵҲûõģϵһʱѷ죬ַʱշ籩˽ȥ
ַ֮ڵʱշ籩̫ˣԴԴϵӿֶϵ۱ַƵĽڽڰˣҽ
ַЦϵۣûõģ
ϵЦãܺãҳǿüʶʶ

ʥͻȻϵ۵Уռһɲ֮޵İ׹⣬Ĺַ˹
ʱշ籩֮󣬱Ӳɢ
ַͻȻˣʥʲ͸Լһѹʥô
ַҲһѹʥһ
ùʥʹûЩײַ࣬оһʥ֮ϵڹ˳
ʥ̺֮Ĺϵ۵ĻҪǿռһޱʥ
ַ󾪣ã
ͻᱬը
ǳ
Һַ粹ȵļʱ϶Ϊһϵ۵Ĺײһ
ϵ۵Ĺ˲飬ںһγһޱȹϵ۳ȥ
ϵ۴󾪣æùʥֵ˹ȥ
䣡
ʥ˲飡ǧ˷ĩ
ϵٴαɡ
ַԴϳɵǹݷַ翴ʶ֮еݣԼԼһ
ԴںϵҪȵıԴǿϣ
ϵķޱȾֵĵʲô
ַѵϲôеĲĹʥеֻǷƷѣ
ϵɫ쳣ѿʦ𣿡
ַЦûĹʥʦʥ͸ҵģʥѾʦˣѾʦţҴŻ
ϵɫһҰף֪Щʦ֪Ļ϶ԭԼû뵽ʦҪɱԼ
ϵۺݺݵĵַһַۣ磬ˣҳҪ㣡
ϵ˵꣬תȥ
ܣҪ޾ǿͻƴܣ
ϵţǲ׷ġΪûеͻٽ㣬޷ȥ޾ǿյķӡ
ۿϵߣ֪ϵˣҲսҲæճȥ
ַ粢û׷Ҳû׷
ۺϵˣַһºͬʱַȥҪַס
ֱַӽַ˻С
˿ַ֮ڵ񱻳һ㣡
źϵ۵һַȫΪַѾˣԼȫ֮ϵ۾ͻߣҲߣ
ò˵̫ˣ
麬Ŀַ磬ַһ㶣ԱߵĺҲһ
ĵ磬ԺҲκһ˺㣡˭ҲУ

ַص֮ˣͺȥѰħ;ŮѰ
ͺ»ַ֮ϵۺ֮Ĺɾ͵Ĵܣû´Ļħ;Ůһ֮Ĺ˯ҲͲȥǵƻָٹȥ
ַ翪ʼˣʵǻָ
ĺܿ죬ԴԴϵĻͿԲǳ֮֮ǾûУҲٵĿҪһӽǳָǲܵ£
ַ簵̾ϵãֻҪͿԻָ
ַͻȻ治˵ռⰵлռߺռϵ
ַݺݵԼͷһѡ
ԭϵԼߣԼɽˮĵȥѰңȥ취
Ҫ϶ҪѪ
ַ˳̣ûз
һͻȻַʶǶǬôãˣ
ǳ
һҲǷǳĵǱˣȻǵǰ˺ȥսÿ춼˵㵹ãǶǬ治Ųʣ
ǰǰˣǰ˵ĽҪҸ㣬Ǵ㣡
̫ˣһ㲻ĸܣ
ǰСٻ˵ǰΪˣֵô
ǰԼΪԼˣ
ǰСٻ˵öãҿǼٵģ
һ仰ڣĻȥˡ



523 ͻƴ
ոȥ
ʲô
ԴַѪһһһֱ˵ͣ
ѾıˣҲȥɱˣȥ˵ˣ
ַڴŭ죡
˵ˣһΪưأ
ǰҲôΪ˵ôˣ˵ǲ֢
ַͷߣҪǵõǵ֮һµˣǰ˵ģѰµϵۺۣͳ硣
ʲôҪǵ˾ͰǶ
ӲŵҲĳʲôҪҪҪͶô
ĻҲûй˼˵ĸܣ
ĺͰ

ַڱˣţ棬żˡ
㻹֪ϴҲƽˣֵ˺úġ
ǰǰˣ죬һľǼ꣬ʮģڿʼİɣǵˣһɡ
ַʵǵĵһ˭
лǵһǺɣǧĴߣ˰ʶǧǧϲһйʥ˵ǵʶģÿ춼졣
ɣַˡ
ʥǵڶ˾ǹʥʺˣҲϲ졭
ַλҵô
лʲôұŵˣԴ֮壿
ʥҲǼ찡ôܣôӵԴ֮壿ֻҵһ˲Դ֮壡ľ̫ˣҵһһƾͿ԰
л˵ҲǣûħϵôȥΪܣֱԴƽ⣬ܳΪܣΪҲûʲôϡ棬ֲģҵһһƾһѴܣ
ַһ仰ܲģ
½ÿ˶Ϊ޵еģԲ͸ֻأ
лȴ˵ܲģ
ʥ֪ˣֲһҪ˵ôҪǸɣ
ַͷߣҿ
лΪʲôҪֲãǺһ㣬һ꣬Ҿ͸һ㡣
ʥͬ˵Ҳԣ̫ˣ
ַ缱æʲô˼˼ôûУ
ʥУ˼ҪȻģ
л˵ʲô˼
ַɱ˲˼
У
л͹ʥͬʱԡ
лҵһңһоͻһ棡ɱˣиë˼
ַ亹ֱһлһ棿
ǰɱˣûһʸУ
ַҪʸǰɣ
ţ
ַҲûҪˣ
ˣ
ûΪֻôˣ
ַ룬Ǳˣٺ٣˭ͺ˭죬ɱ˾ɱˣ͸ȥȥûԼǣֻľҺСٻʲô˼ԼҲܣԱԼԼˣҲܺͱ죡
л͹ʥһ˷ܡ
Ŀôôû⡣
Ҳûһ˵ͦõģҶĶˣǣ᲻ƭǣ
ַҿ϶ƭǣǸҵһͺãҾͿҵҲʧʲôҳΪܣҾλ壬ǱˣʱĻҲֿˣʲôʲôô
ţֵÿǣ
ţҲֵо
ַ翴Ѿˣһǳǲϸַ
һˣô죿
ǰһ˸ˣʱ˭ȥ
ǲϵģƭûţ
ûַôģõǵ֮ˡ
ַݺݵĵԸǰɣãԼ˷ֿһǬһڵ棬ҲСٻ˵ʱǣ
вǣ
ΪŴô
ûмôˣҸһŴӦأȴǷ
ǰҲľ磬ȥƭˣڿأͷˡ
ַݺݵĵΪڿЦô
ַԼ˵صףһڵһǬ
ַ粻ܱס
ַҲʹȥǿǵе̫ˣǿɻƻԡ
Ͼǹʥʺ潻ַģַҵµϵۺַۣ粻ƻѶ
ºַóǲԸ⣬ҷǳӲ
ַֽȥ
ڼ䣬ַͺ¡ȥ֮Ĺħ;ŮûҵӣѾǿȥͻƴˡ
Ҳͻƴܵٽ㣬ֻڵȴַ磬ַһȥ
ʵħ;Ůȷ֮Ĺ˻֮ûþ͵ͻƴܵٽ㣬˳Ѱۺϵ۱ûҵۺϵۣȻַҲûҵΪַҲǿȥˣҲȥǿա
Ҳħ;ŮַͰĶħȫɱҽ޾ԨʮŲٴηӡ
ַ缸˱޾ԨʮŲȫݻ٣סַ硣
ħҪѶԷȫϾɱħ;ŮһҲûаѾȫɱһҶĻû˵ˣʱƣԼڲͻңڲңɱΪУ
ַסˣַǵý˵ħԹÿ£ħͻȫ濪ս½ͳ꣬´ħսħͳһ꣬лֵͳһ꣬۾½ôȥݱ䣬ܽԷϾɱ
ΣӦͳξ½
С϶ͳξ½
ħȫӡѾû۾ϵǿߣС˳ȥڶ̶̵һ֮ͳ˾磡
ɺľͳΣʵϲͳߣʵǰСȥͳѡ
СϾˣϴôҲû˻
ľͲͬˣ࣬ʵֶͳ࣬û˻᲻Ϊĵط
ľֻԴӦ£Ϊ֪ǵΪô޷ﵽܵľˣ޷ȥַȥˡ
ַȥ磬ֻΪַĸۣȻҪǣľ뿪Լ档
ַأһֱ綼ַյ㣬ȵַ罫Լеַ֮Ҳȥ
ڲУħħˣַȻַ粻뽣ħ;Ůһѹߣ
ַһҪȥɱϵۡۺħŮˣ
ߣԼʦǳΪ˸Լ߲ʯ֪١ǳǿ˵ʦǳǿͻַ磬ôһֱûǳǿϢ
л͹ʥַ꣬ˣԹԵĽ͹ⰵַһ룡
ַʵҪôַֻ࣬Ҫһ㣬ͿԼӵģȻл͹ʥٶҲûйϵǱҲ
ǣַʱ佫͹ⰵԲַڵͻƴܵٽ㡣
ַҪˣַҪߵֻݼºˡ
С˸ǡ
С岻ߣַ⣬ΪСǾְھ½
СèҲûߣΪСèϲС塣
½磬СèСһμʱһֱ֮ͣأ˻һû¾ͻᳳܣַ֪СèϲС壬֪ʲôʱѾһˡ
СѩҲûߣСѩҲߣûԼʹСѩʹСʹֻ࣬һѰһŮ޺ˡ
Ҳûߣڻ½ǵļңǲԸ뿪Լļҡ
ַˣСѩַңͻƴܣҾͻŴȥ濴㡭
˵ʵַ粻СѩǼٵģڵֻܵСѩԺԼˡ
֮ǰַ罫л͹ʥ˺ľ
ĹȻòϣַ罻һԺʵˣǡ
Ϊ£лùʥַ˸ѪͷǽԼ֮ǰȥַˡ
ַ绹Լĵ̸˺
ַҲԼôȵĵַûа취Ĵ
ַ뿪棬ͻֹͣ
ַΪòöν
ַӲĽӡǴԼ֮ڰ˳֮ͬ˺
ϧǣҲֻܼĴںȺҸԵ˴Ǹˡ
ˣַ֮ͺ¡ͬʱããǿճȥ
ȻݼǬ棬ݼǳܲסӡַӡ
ַûκĳ޾ǿա
ͬʱͻƣ
ͻƣûٵĹȫ֮
޾֮ǿ֮ӿۣȻݺݵˡ
³֮ܵǻܵħַܵǻħǳ
ַ缱æҪסȫ壡
Ҷףס͵ڵס˶Դһת򣡵ʱֻƬ
ͻƴܵһ̣ͬʱףһոµĿʼ
ͻƵǴһת
ºҧϴ˵ĺ֮ѣ˻ûеֵ
ĹȻֻһʱ䣬Ǻºȴоһô
Ȼڸܺ͸
ºӲĽĹ˶ˣһĸ֮С
ַûнַʣ־ͬʱͻƴܣ
Ҳ˵ַҪͬʱĹ
ַıԴ֮壬Ҳȫѣ
ȻַַƣϼٴξͲԼ屬顣
˸˺ܾãѹַ磬ַоԼ֮ڱȫԣǵȫ֮
ȴûںϣǴѭ
ַһӴ֮ʹ֮ȫʶȥƣѾǵԵĹ
Ҳ˵ʹһ֮Ȼһ֮ʲôͻʲô
ƮƮɱ͹ֹͣͻֹͣʲôʲô
ַ²⣬֮Ľ֣ȫƴַ֮֮ѭϢȡ֮֮ߣַ绹˭
Ȼַ粻ܺӾ֮ϵĲ졣
ַֻһתܣַ绹ûкַ֣ܽ粻֪תתжǿ
Ϊ֮󣬾ӵ˴
ַ֣һϵУȻãܿ죬ַϳһӣŷѿһ޵õ塣
ַǳ棬ĸõ壬õģ


 ޾ǿ 


524 
պñóһõ壬ַ緢պôӸ֮г˹ȥ
ַ罫ݵԽǰ͸㣬ҵһδĶôϲɣ
ӹ˻֣һ⡣
ַȻϲ˰ɣ
Żܿή󶪽˿ռָ
Һϲһúñġ

ַϽһߣԺԲ鶫ˣԼϵѾ鷳ˣַɲһ
ַǸӡǰ̽һ£ܲӡ֮ȥַһָͷڷӡ֮ϵһ£ֱַָӱӡ飡
ַ磬ôˣɫ䡣
ַҲȫ亹
ӡֲ̫ˣ˾Զ²ȥˣ
ʱ򣬸оӡڳΪˣӡȻ֮ǿ
ַţӡԴܵģˣزȥˡ
£ҲˣҸһ´ܵǰС
ҵǳǿһﻹػһǸǳԱߡ
Ȼַϴҵ꣬ûûλú꣬ããǿҪһˣ̫ˡ
ǿ磡ַԶĴ
ǳǿˣ𾪣ǡ˶Ϊˣ
˵ͷ
ż񰡣ڲתΪʲôôƽءǷǳ棬ǸѾһǳ棬ΪʲôǵΪĻ졭
ǳǿǳַ֪ǳǿˡ
ַЦΪ㰮͵ǳμʱһ˯Ǽǧ꣬ûа˼ϣҪȻΪˡ
ǳǿҲϣȷûаϣΪǳǳǿΪѰҵӣǳǿȥĶЩ棬ǳǿʵǶĴڣǳǿǸ˭Ҳ£Ҳûʲô˼ȥΪʦѰҵӣ͵
ַʵʦأôˣûлô
ǳǿûУôˣʦһֱûлȻѾΪˣȥʦɡ
ַѵ㲻ȥô
ǳǿҸȥôϴʦȥʺǰ£￴Ҹո͵ͱʦץˣϴǴΣҸ㰡ʦǳ⣬ҰŪˣʦͰɱˣ
ʺʲôλã
ַ֪ǳȥ˲ʺǡ
ҲûȥһκʦȾƣʦ˵ıһֱɣʱ͵ˣʺˣĴܻ϶Ĵܣ߲ʯǲʺǵʯֻвʺϵŮС
Ů
ַͺһ鵹ûʲôӦȻ鲻Ǿ½ˡ
ַ˸ǳǿһ·򱱣˸ʱ֮㿴ǰһ߲
һ·ûκˡ
ʺ֮ϱ޾߲âΧַоһضǿķӡʺǡ
ʺֻһڣ泯ߡ
ַ˸ո䵽߲ǵΧʮ
Ȼããǿ֮ϵ˶ȫǴܣΪÿ֮ʱҪһЩˣдҲҪȢӣÿǴҲҪǵĺ϶Ǵܣããǿ֮ۻǺܶġ
Ϊ׵ַˣλʲôط
Ȼ˵޾ǿκ˵
ַǴӾ½Ĵܣȥһѡ
½Ĵܣ
ַǳ϶ǡ
λܷ֪
ַҽַ磬λݼ顣
Ϊ׵ɫһ䣬λԵȣȥ㱨һ¡
ã
֮ˣַ˿ĵλ룡
ַҪߣʶ֮гһݣȻһʵĻ档
ַ翴Լ˽ȥ֮󣬼ʮΧͺ±ɱԼϳһصĴΣ
ַº鴫壬ߣ
ַͷͷɣһ㶣ȥ˸λ
ܿʮܴ˳ַ硢ͺ˷ȥ
ַ磬磬ô£
ַ֪ǽȥͻᱻɱ棡£촫ͣ
óˮ򣬿ʼĴͣڿռ֮£˿϶׷ϡ
ǳǿ
ǳǿַ紹ͷɥӣ֪ûзʲô¡
ַ˿ʼԺˡ
ַʼʱһֱǺܿ˵֮ɫԵıһ£Ȼ˵ȥ㱨֮˼ʮܣǽȥ֮׽أҾˣǸոճΪܣոȥ߲ǣӦ˭ʶ߲Ůĵ̣ӦûӭǲŶԣΪҪɱأ
˶ޱȱΪ֮ǰųΪܾ޵ˣͿããǿգֻأߵ룡
һ㣬ǣûãȥһ¾ͱ׷ɱжܣ
ʱ֪Ů;ŮЩģŮһȥ߲ǣŮһ״˵ô
ַͺ۾һһ˵ص㡣
µ½㣬˵һ㶼û˵ŮǻȻƵ֮ʦ޼磨磩ĴʼߣѾﵽ꣬϶Ů̹Ŵн飡
ַͷ϶ǾŮǣϵۺҲù
㻹ôɣۺϵۡ
ǣַҲ֪ô죬˸ոճΪܣڴܵһ㶼˽⣬Ҳ֪֮ΪôȥôȥҲûеطȥֻǳǿ
ǳǿʦ˵ããǿ֮ÿһ֮϶һĴܣÿһܵһͳÿ֮붼ǳԶд֮ȥսĶ˽˶ԹΪܳΪܣľѾﵽ˶״̬ĶԹܷ£ǲݵĳ˲Ż˴֮俪սʦ˵ÿһܶããǿ֮ѰǵҲԴֻԴһ𣬾ͻ˿ֻ˿ܼͻƣȻһְ취ɱܣܵҲġҸʦô꣬ʦһ˶ûУʦһֱǴããǿ֮ѰҪҵ
ֱԴ˿
ַ֮ڲǾֱԴôôȥںϣ
ַſڵֱԴȥںϣַʧˣַںϣڵֻǽľһ𣬲ںϣ
ǳǿȥǸɡ
ǳǿðɣǸľ룬Ҫþòܷɵ
ǳǿ֪Ѿûˣȥﻹҵ֣Ѱʦ
ַһꣿַ֪һǾǧڹ
ַͷ亹ʣǸʦʱ򣬷˶ã
ǳǿʦ½ϿͣͣΪʦҪ£аϰɡ
ַ糹εˣ˵аˣһַ꣬綼
ĵ磬ģǿԴͣ
ǿԴͣһܴһ𣿸ܣ²߲ݵĴͣҲҪʮϣλö
ǳǿһţҲˣʦ˵ÿһռ䴫վֻҪһͿԴ͵κ뵽
ַųһַҧгݣ㲻˵
ʱҲȥħܵȥ
ַţҲǸע⣡
ַ罫ǳǿǬúºҲǬԼһǧ񹦻ûò߲Ǹ
ûòϢ߲·û˹ʵģ֮ȷٿս
ַ˺þãûҵռ䴫վ
ַģĴ߲ſڷɹǸķȥ
ַ𾴵ĸ£ã˹ˣҽ˹ʧ˷Ŀռ䴫վ
ҲǳЦңԶ˹Ŀ˹£ãȻԶǲʺΣһúд
ַ֪ѾԼˡ
ǰ죬ַ˸ߣֳһܣ϶ɣ
뻢ѨûӣַԼǧ񹦷ǳģοַ˵ǸǳǿڵұõǳǿүүǳǿǸˣǳϤ϶¶ˮš
𾴵ĸ£Ȼʢ룬Ҿ͹ˡ
ַô״ӦԼԴַȥˡ
ȥ֮һ磬һԳɵ硣
ǷǳŨܣΪڴ˵ѾûʲôˣҪƬ½֮ϴĻͱҪûûпĻκﶼήͻһƬء
һ·Уַ翴еĴܣЩϵϢַҪǿǳ࣡
ﶼǶ˵ףһ·ַ翴ǧܴԼǰ
ַ²⣬Щܿ϶Ǿ½֮ѭ֮·Ĵܡ
λַһľɽȣַ𾴵˹ԵƬ̣ǲʺǸպһλ˹Ŀͣǻʶ
ַ΢Цˣ̫ˣ鷳ˡ
ַ֪һֱԼ˵и˹Ŀͣʮа˾ţ˿϶ʦǳա
ȻǳգǳһľȻħ;Ů
ַһԱħ;Ů׽ַǿǳһģֻɨ˾Ůħ
ַȥסǳգգ겻ˣôûô
ַ˵ǳǿԣħ;Ů϶ȻǳǿһֱĽַ硣
Ȼħ;Ůַ绹ǲȥֱӸԼַ磬¶ˣ군ˡ
ַҲֻǳǿ˵ʲôַ˵ʲô
ַȥǳվͻַ֪磬ַĴص˵̸
ǳһߣǺܿģ˹㶼ûôôûͻƴˣǿϲɺذŶˣڽǳգ
ַЦأҶþûˣôûһأ
ǳյӣӣѧļһȥ²ҵӣһֱ͵Ҳúڲת
ַЦϲģôˣô˵ûн̺أôҽ̵Ļڿ϶Ѿתˣȥҵӣнô
ǳˣ˹˵Ļôȴǳ˷ܣ۾Ҳȫϲ֮⣬ôԸԾ
ַ粢֪ǳǿ˵Щǳǿַ磬һֱ˵һЩѺܾò棬ǳĵĻ
ַ֪ǳǿ˵Щ϶һѽǳǿɣ
ַͻȻǳյɫЩԣǳǿ


525 ˿
ʱһҪǳǿΧ
ַ罫ǳǿ˳ǳǿ𷽲ԼַĿ˵Ļһ־Ŀǳա
ʦ𡭡
ǳǿ˵Ǿ½Ļ
ǳյҲˣãΪʦ͵үүúõĺ̸̸¡
ʱǳնħ;Ůλ£ҪһʦŵһЩ飬λ»رһ£ǱǸˡ
ħЦǴλˣô´һȾơ
˵꣬ħ;Ůȥ
Ůħַħ;ŮͲַ֪ǳյĵӡڣħ;Ů˺ǳʶ˼ҵĵӶˣ϶ỳˣǳ߲Ϊ߲ʯ˵Ϊĵӣ϶ǰλˣħ;ŮеǶˡ
ַʶռա
ʦҡ
ǳһ㶣ַ磿
ԡ
ǳǿүүҿ㷽ϲġ
ǳ𷽲ַ˵Ļһºˣ뵽ǳǿԼ˵ģ⵱Ȼֲַ磬ַǸԡ
ǳҪŰǳǿɣһ룬ǳǿžǽַĿ˵Լ˵Ļ
Щǳյȷûн̹ǳǿܶණȷǳǿԼҵӣȻҲкܶǳǿԼԭǳǿԼһֱŬĻǳջձĵô
ַ翴ǳպǿ˵ı鶼ֵֹģ֪ôˡ
úǳնǳǿˣΪʦĲ㣬ӽԺ͸Ϊʦ߰ɣԺҪŬڿַ綼ΪˣΪַʱɣʱѾǶˣַɴˣתѵôˣ˵ˣҪһǧ֮׷ַ磡
ǣʦ𣡡ǳǿǳģԺڲҪȥЩ²ȥΪʦҵˡ
ַΪܣǳҲǳģȻַѾΪ˴ܣȻҪʲô߲ʯˡ
ԭǳϴ߲ǣݼŮŮӦǳոǳ߲ʯһҪǳմ߲һǧ꣬ǳʱΪǳԴŮ˿ȻŮҲǳṩħԴǳȥ
ǳ룬ʹӦˣһǧʱв
ַ罫¸ǳգǳû뵽
ǳյ߲иѣҲжţһ治֪Ҫɱ㣬˵ܾǰۺϵ۱˾Ů澧ڣһħǵ棬Ȼħ;Ůǵ棬ǧַ֮ħħ֣澧ڣٴħڻħһ޾ǿգѻ˵Ǵ׼ԸǣǱˣиħɣ
ַͷеʵǳա
ǳյȻַ磬üͷ壬˼ַ磬ŮŮĹϵһ㣬ڳȥǶʣŮﲻģۺϵҲѾץסˣѾ˾Ů˵ȫʵΪۺϵ͹ʥĵӣ͹ʥǺɵĵӣԣϵۺ۱߲ǣû˸ɱǣ˵һǧͷˣӣŮۡϵ֮ĳЭ飬ǲΪŮ֤Ůǲ
ַˣǼǰȥŮĻٿѱ磬ƺҲϴˣ
ַʦ֮ƣҲûˣǻ߰ɣ뿪ȥǵҲãȥħҲãҪˡ
ǳյţǾ뿪ȥǵԣǲȥħ̫ˡ
Ŷ
ǳյǸǡûзܶ޷𣡸סʮɱ¾ϵ֮ϵˣħһϵģﵽɱ¾ȥǣǸϵĴ̫ˣҴ඼Ǹ߽״ܣǵĴԶɱ꣬ɱûֻʮɱ¾ϵ²涼Ѿ״̬ܷܿǳͻưɡҲȥɱԴ
ַ亹ֱôʦǻȥǵɡ
ޱ飬Ϊǵ汾һɱ¾棬Ҳû뵽ڴܵ磬ԼĴҲô
鲻ûΪǳյĻо£Щڴ
ַǳ뿪߲ǡ
ûΪǣߵʱŮﻹ˻͸ǳһ˿˿Ϊַ⡣
ȥ֮ǳյ߲ǺǵдܵһȰƽս֮䶼дȥͣȥѧϰҶ߲ܣÿߵʱ򣬴Ҳ񣬾ö֮ҶΪѡȻããǿգϵǲȥģһǸϵڶɱϵǻħϵ
һϵ͵ڶϵɱ¾ϵһأ˭ȥ˵ĽأǴѾǳֻأ֮Ȼ£Ҳ˵ûɱǵ£ǵȻǲ𣬵ǱɱĻ˵ǵͻħϵĻħռ䡭
ַʵʦǴôأôͻأ
ǳյֻһַеĴܶһģռֱԴֱԴȫںϣΪ˿ͻÿһתҪĺ˿ݸ˵ʶҪһǳӴһͿͻƣ
ַʵǡʦǴܼתأ
ת
תַ֪ǳѾ޾ǿմˣôתأȻַ粻֪ÿͻһ̫ѣǳѣѣ
ŶַʵʦԴ֮壬֮ڳ޾ԴΪǸ˿أѵ˿Ҫʲô⹦ɣ
ǳյҪʲô⹦㽫֮Դ⣬ȻںϣͿԳɹ֮ǲеġȵ˺˿ȻͳΪ
⣿ַû
ˣַ磬ǿȥռ䴫վɣȥָ㡭
˺ܿ˿ռ䴫վȻÿδ͵ķöһģֻվշѣͨûҾ֮
ַ֮̾µֻ֮һָ򣬻ڳ֮ʱŻᱬڳΪ֮ѾʵʻϴԼΪͨã
Ǵһʱһʱ
Ȼͨûħ֮Ϊħ֮ΪձģĴܶħ֮壬ϵΪܣǳ֮ҲǳټǳĴҲǳ٣һ˿ǳ֮ͿԻȡʮϵħ֮֮쳣Ϊϡ٣һ˿֮Իǳ֮
ԣһĴܣôľͷˣ˻ᱻܶ˶ϣ˶϶һϵɱϵ˶ϣ군ˣǻ㣬ԴԴϵṩ˵ɱ㣬ȫ
Ҫһ˿˿֮Ҫ˿ϣҪͻһܾ磬Ҫ˿򼸰򣬶ڣȫɸ˵ʺΪĪĹϵ
һ˿ǳ󣬾ͲҪ˵ˣ
ԣҪͻһת̫ˡ
ַ˽⵽Щ֪ھʦǴתһ㶼ʦΪˡ
ڴͨ죬ŵǳڵ򣬵ȻôԶùľ϶һ¾ͿԴ͵
ͨȫǿռһ쳣ǿĿռ佻ͺ˶ռõ˷ǳĸ
ǳڵһɫĴռݰٷ֮ʮϣ˿Ҳֻ࣬ǧѣǿߣʮϡ
ǳնַͺµȥ֮Ҫ¶ҪȻǳ鷳ÿ춼дǣʱ򴫵ϵ֮ˣ
ַͺµͷ
ǳֶ㾡ݣҪκ֪ħΪҶΪħǸϵˣʱ֪ˣôȥͣдܶɱ㣡ûܱס㣬ô
ͷ
䵽ɫǳնǳʺã漴ǳյĴ֮ǰȥ
ַסǳеλȻΪߣӵǳ֮壡
Ϊӵʣ˶ǳշǳ𾴡
ǳΪַһľɽǳһʱ䣬ÿ춼ַ˴ڴܵĻ֪ʶ͸
ַ缸˶̣ܽԵĸСѧһûа취Ϊַ˶ڴܵͻƵȵʲôֻ֪ƤëҪͻҪչ϶Ҫȫȥѧϰȥо
ڼ䣬ݼҲݼȻڻûеܵľ磬ǳ˵ˣֻҪ޾ǿգһٲˣа취ΪܣΪǴܵ磬Դ֮ͺ˿壬һߵͨ˶ǿгΪܣû޳ôĻ͸һֻдܵûоѡ
ֻҪ޾ǿգκ˶ԳΪܣȻʺõĿ죬ʲõѡ
ĺһ磬һʼӴľԴ֮²治ȵģ
ԣãã֮УֻҪˣ֪ձڵģЩ²֮УΪ޵еģ
ַﰡΪʲôҵôһͳǻʲôֻҪһʣͻΪܣ
Ȼ˵㶼ǲͬģͨҲͬʵ۵ĶһǻӣͿ̫ӣԺͻΪʵۣͨ˼ҵĺӣһ͹ͨ˵һľʮ꺮и״Ԫ֮֮࣬٣
һˣӾ㣬Ŀǻʵۣڶˣͨ㣬Ŀֻǵһ˵ūŶѣ
ǳˡ
ַܶʱ򶼲ˣʱͻȻ֮Щˡ
ַ粻Ͳᱻ׷ɱ½ħѪҲ磻ĳҲΪ˴ܼåѣһķչַħ;ŮĲ֣Сַһ塭
ַȻ֮ˣǣַ粻òϣħļƻǳɹһ룬Ϊħֵַ屻ħˣħҲˣҲ˴ܣҲַĵˡ
ַΪһ鶼ھԼĳȴ˴ܣȴħߣַ粻Ҫ޾ǿȥ
ַΪһյ㣬ʱ򣬷ִһµĿʼ
ںܾǰַΪ۾յ㣬Ǻ֮˰ܣ֮˴ܣǴ֮ôѵҪȥһռ䣬һµĿʼĶ嵽ʲôأ
ַͻȻС֮ǰ˵Ǿ仰Ѿ㾡һˣôΪߣǴܣӲ˵ֻء
ַʱţСһ֮ǰС֪ʲôܵȷĶ壡


526 潻
һ죬ַͻȻǳһ仰ʦ߾ʲôأ
ǳ˺ܾãֹ֮ģˣ죬˭ұ֤ڵ޾ǿ֮ûбĿռأ
ˣ죡ֹ
ַͻȻʲôͨˡ
ûмôûߵô
ⲻַ翼ǵķˣַҪľΪȥħ;Ů
ַ硢ºݼѧϰµ֪ʶ֮󣬴һǳտʼ˿
ַȻ
ǳǳ֮壬ħ֮壬ǻ֮壬˸պÿԽ
ַ罫ÿֳһ˿⣬ַͬںϡ
ںϷǳ򵥣ȷûʲôѶȣΪﵽܾ֮󣬶ĿѾﵽһֽ״̬
һ˿˿ں˳ַоֻһ˿ȫʧȥֱԴϢַҲܲ˿ǿ󣬺һͨͨĸо
ַûж룬Ȱ˿˵ַպ˿֮ʱ֮ھȻһʹ
ҿʲô
ʱַ翴ԶǳճԼյЦţַоԼǳˡ
ǳߵ˶Ѿ˼ٵ˿˸ֹˣ˶ˡ
ַ֪ԼǳˣǻҪȥǳա
ʦΪʲôںϵĺ˿޷գգһĴʹ޷ںϺ˿
ǳյ˭㲻ң˭㲻һڳ˰ɣã
ַԼʦǸƷǳַһȥģ˵һͺˣȴ˵Ļ
ַǳڹԼ
ַ缱æʦ˼ˣڸ˼ⲻǡ
ǳƲͣǰ죬㲻ǽǳǿôôݣ֪֪飬Ǵ˵ģ㻹˵ûң
ַоʦʱǳ࣬һһ㣬ʱ͸Сһ㣬С˶
ַ֪ǳԼûǸתһ룬ǳôСôܰɣ
ַ缱æЦʦ𰡣Ҵˣ˼ҾͱˣأҺһ
ǳյ۾һȥ˸չûжλá
ַȻʱԱߵĺº飬Զݼ̿סʼЦ
ַףŮ˵ע⣡϶Ůǳոǰ˵ʲôǳղַġ
ַᱼ
һַ֪֮ˣԭ˿ǲܴ֮ڵģ
ܾˣ̣ҲǱԴ֮壡Ҫɱһܾˣͱ飡Ǵ֮ܵǿѾﵽ״̬֮󣡾ԴҲ޷ȫ飡ܵҲǱԴ֮壬ԴҲ飡Ҫɱܣͱ壬꣡
ֻ꣬Ҫһſǡ˿ֱԴںϵ
˿ǴĿǣɱԼںϵĺ˿޷Լֻ꣡ڵ֮ڣ
ֱ֮ڣͻ飬˿ͻֱ꣬ӵɺһɶ
ַ翴˿ڵ֮ھĴţĸоΪǳոԼ˿ںһȻú˿塯ú˿ȫӦԼ壬ȵһľ֮󣬺˿ȻתƵꡣ
ַˣ˿һոµַ翪ʼ½ոս翪ʼѧϰʱ򣬽Ӵһµ㿪ʼ
ַںһǧ˿֮ھѾˣַСתС죬Сתֿʼת죬ú˿ʼӦʹԼ塣
ַּںϣ
ַһǧ˿֮󣬵֮ڵĺ˿Ѿˣʱȥǳգַ翴ǳˣÿֻʮ˿
Ҳ̫˰ɣַԼٶȣЩˡ
ǳյĿ죬Ϊ㱾ԴÿֱԴǳӦ壡˶ֻһֱԴ֮壬ҲһһֱԴ֮壬ҴûмֱԴֱ֮Դ֮壬ǵһ
ǳ֮壬ǳӦҵ壬ǻħӦҵ壬һ˿֮󣬾Ҫ뵤ѶҲǳ󣬶Ҫú˿壬ѵ󣡿ʼѧϰˣŪþͻ߻ħ
ַ˼ڲˣֲǻô
ʦҵˣô죿
ǳյˣô죿
ǳĽʺޣ
˾Ͱڳ֮ĸλѺ˿ȫ֮ʱͻƴת֮ʱסÿֵҪһ𣬾ѨλࡢƤϸҪ˿ͻƴһת֮󣬾һġ֮塯
ַףԴܵʣȷÿֶܴñԼһ˿ˮˮװ޷֮ʱͻͻƣ
ַʵʦʲôǺ֮壿
֮壬ú˿壬˵֮дܾͻƵ˵ھŲ㣬ͿԴﵽ塯ﵽĶ壬޵УããǿգǿĴҲǴܰתûͻưתϡ
ֺǳһַȥչˡ
ַоڴ⣬ȴ֮κһҪ򵥵ĶˣΪܾԴĸѾˣֻҪ˿ֻҪﵽĸ߶ȣͻͻƣ
ֻҪܵҲǴĹκδܵıԴ֮嶼Եסġ
ַü򵥣ΪַԴ֮壬Ӧַ壬ַÿһ˿˿ͻա
ĴܣռǷǳѣǳһЩǻǿеĴܼ꣬ʮ궼ռһ
ںһ˿ͻΌԼںϵʧʷǳߣɹֻаٷ֮ңַĳɹǰٷ֮٣ûʧʣ
׿˵ÿһ˿̫ˣĿֲ̫ˣһСľô߻ħ
һ𣬻ú˿Ѷȿ֪ˡ
һ˸ոͻƴܣʱҲͻƵڶת
ַںϼ˿еĴܿһںϲˣ
ַһ˿Ĵܿ¾ռٵɡ
ÿͻһתں˿ҪҪڼƣ
ؿ̵ѶȺҪһĻ˷裡
ԣϵɱϵϲɱˣϲɱ˵ĺ˿ݵİ취
ȻϵĴǶϲܣҲԭԼòռĺ˿ôһ㣬һ֣¾ˣҲôɱ˿ˣɱˣ˭ã
ַ֪ϵ֮𾪵ľκˣþòƽϢ
ַӵմմϲԼٶȾһˣΪԼʲôȱֻҪܴﵽ壡
ַ罫һǧ˿ʼɢÿλƽĴƤϸ֮У˿Ҫ⵽ڣﵽԲ
ַ緢һǧ˿ɢ֮󣬺Լһ㣬һǧ˿ûʲôо
ǣַ
ַħ֮ò꣬Ϊַĵ֮ȪˮԴԴϵΪַṩôնղꣻ֮Ҳò꣬ûˣһ¡ͿԸ㶨
ǣܿ죬ǳ֮ûˣ
ǳĻǳǳ̫֮ˣ˷ָĳ̶ȣ
ڣַһ˰ǧ˿
ַʱ䣡
أܹǧ
ǳƵҪѪ
ǳտַչس֮˰ǧ˿֮󣬼ֱ𾪵Ŀˣ
⻹ôֱ
ַҵǳ֮ûˣҪȥĸ޴ǳԱɣ޾ǳ֮
ǳĵԼȥɣǣҲ뿴㣡
ôһ̬ߣǳĿˣԼٶȺСӱȷȷһϣһ£
ַ̫̾ˣҼʱĺ˿ʱĶ࣬ҿǻǱˣֱ˷ʱ䣬Ժһĺ˿ǲˣô򵥣
ǣ
ǳ۾һʱӿ޵ļͨ죬٣޲ȥַ籧סϼڣæã˵Ŷڣ
ַʦҸҷôολǵˣҰͲĿء
ҵˣ
ˣɫȻ΢΢һ죬ַŮˣ˿ַͺ·һ˵ˣ鲻Ź֣
ֵַһȥɣʱΪһʦҪһ¡
ǳ˷ܵĵ˵ɣʲô£ֻҪΪʦɱܣû⡣
ַ緭Űۣģݼڻûͻƴܣʦ취ݼͻƴܣǲǿͻƣҪݼķʽȥͻơ
ԭС£
ǳճأĵû⣬ݼʶѾﵽͻƴܾ磬ֻ껹޴󣬻ûнⲻֻҪȥ潻һš굤㶨
굤
ǳյǰܴܶˣ⣬겻ǿ󣬻ˣҲ⣬ԣֻҪС굤ôţ굤ǳõ˿ôףϼžͺˡ
ô򵥣²磬Ҫȵ컹ѣڴܵ磬ȴ˼򵥡
ͨռ䴫󵽴潻
潻һĴ½ĵʿѾﵽ֮޷ݻٵĵزĽﶼһϡصĽ죬޷ݻٵġ
ǳյػ˵ĵ̣ɾʮŸϵĴ˽ɵģƽʱﲻңҲû˶֣Ǹϵ˺ɱϵ˾ﵷɱ˶ᱦ
ַ˽⵽ããǿ֮УһǡػˡҲɾʮŸǿϵĴɵˣһˣǡˡǸϵɱϵɵˡ
ϵ״̬ÿػ˴ٽ˵ĻϵҲᰵɳȥ֧Ԯ
ϵҲϣ˱
ǳմżһǺܴҩ꣬ȥ֮ûˣֻһڹ̨۾֪ʲô
ǳպܿͿ˹̨굤
ϰ壬һ굤
ǳնһ۾۾Ŷԭǳ֣겻ˣʲôˣ
ǳЦﻹʲô϶ġŶˣҿôûмˡ
üͷͷɥص̾һǰһӣϵǰңöණõʱҲڣżһǴ̫ˡҶȥˡ


527 
ǳյΣպ沢棬⣬׬Ǯ󣬾Ǻܶ˿ЩأԽϵҵôһ㣬û취Ȱ
Ʋͣĵǳգ˵ôϴμʱתڶתˣأתڻת
ǳЦģǶۣǳ򵥣ҲЩ˸˶Ѫһݸһݻرһġ
һߵǳ֣Ҫʲô
ǳյҪ굤ʮž͹ˡ
ʵݼֻҪž͹ˣǳã˵õҩ
ַǳմʮǲ̫ˣ
ǳմ϶٣ǲƲ¶ʱ̣Ȼģȥĵطôһطô࣬ܿᱻ˶ϵģ굤Ȼ󣬵Ǻܶ˶Ըȥ˷Ѻ˿ȥģ
ǳôСַҲˡַ벻ַ粻˽״
ǳ֣Ҫʮţһ㶣ģ뵽ǳһҪôࡣ
ǳյû취ϴκ˽֣Ҳûа취Ҳô࣬۰
ðɣôĽķϣһ˿
ǳŭˣʲôҪϴһ򣡾ǿҺô꽻ķϣһ͵ˣ
߼æǳ֣ȱϴʱ򣬶ǼʮǰˣʱһһûҲûмǴѾôˣ˼ٸˣڱĵط򣬶һңѾܱˡ
ǳյðɣҲȥĵطʼˣô
˫ʼޱȼҵּۻۣųɽ
ʮ굤Ȼòת˼Ȧȥĵط
λ˵ûĵطһŵȷһ֮䣬˾һһͲ
ǳһǧ֮󣬴Ҳԭ·ء
ַ簡һǧţǧһұ
û⣡
ȥ߲ǸɣǸǳˣ
ã
ͨռ䴫վʱ䵽߲Ǹ
ÿͨڵʱ䣬ͺ¶ռ˶ǳģһ죬һϵ֮䴫ͣ
˸ߣ潻תܡ
ʸ͵ĹԱǼȥˣ
ԱǳĵԲλ£ǿͻ˽ϣйġ
ô
ΪתǿϢλԱŵĻȥ˲ʺ
Ǵ͹ȥ
ַǾ޴ǳķȥԶԶĿ˹Աмˡ
⼸˶Ƕף
ǳյǲʺϵˣҼǻǶɣȥ˽һ
ַö㣡
ǧ񹦣
ܻǧ򻯣õòᱻ֪Ǳõģַǧ񹦱õòǴҲֲˡ
ֱַǳǿүүݼº鶼ͷ
ǣǳȥ
ˣַ翴ħ;ŮַоϵϢԼϢҪǿ
ħ;ŮԱߵϵϢǳϵϢࡣ
ⲻǳôż겻ôˣ
ǳŮĿˣ߲֮еĴܿ϶ʶ
ǳЦôά֣Ҳô
ԿԣȻԣǳֿǳ֮壬Ǹպ﷢ôǳǳνȡ֮֮ߣǳ˿νˮǺǡ
Ƿֵģ
ǳյ˵Цˣǳһ˰ʱ۶ɵģҵҵӡǣǳЩһģҪɢЩͻᱬ飡
ǳ˵ĺˣǵģҷֵģô˵ǵģ
άɫÿˣǷװ׵վͺˣڻ԰ռ
άûзǵǳ֣ô˭Ҳղ꣬Ҳߣ˭ģһˣ
ǳҲһգַһĻ϶ᱩ¶Դ֮壬Ǻã
ǳҲҺЩܷϾ߲ǵĵ̣
ǳյ֣һҵȻûʲôֻߴңʵǳҵĶѣǴڷҵѣŮĿˣ߲ϵĴܶѣȻԸԼĶôҷĻǿ
ǳԼɢ˳ǳ֮ڣǳһ㣬άܶоһģһ֮Ҳǳյ
ûǲͬģ˵û֮
ȻǳղܽǳȫֻԼһԹ֮ǳյ
£άˣⶫȷǳǿġ
άǳյǳ֣ʧˡ
ǳյ£ûϵģҪһһɡ
ǳյȻܸˣǱ˵ĵ̣ԼģǵǱ˵ģϵô
굤ݼ֮ͻ˴ܣͻ֮ݼоǳȻһ½岻ӦѣӦֻʱ⡣
ǣҶһǳ
ַ羭գ֮ڵǳյķǳֻ֮֮࣬ôһ㡣
ַǲ첻ѡ
ַ񱻻ĸһǳƽҲԴ򣬻ħģǳֻ֮ôһ㣬ַоûмʱգǳͲԲǳ֮Ļַ϶յĺܿ죬Ҳ죬Ҫ֮ǳ֮תΪǳҲһǳḶַ́Ҫһϵʱɡ
ַ綼оǳЩûǳܣͲ˵ˣ꣬߼ǧʱһ
ȻάЩ߲֮ϵĴ֮ԶǳôΪǳǳ֮壬պתǳ죬ǿԼħǳնһǳ
Ȼǳôģάַǳ֮ڴˣǻصԼ˿Ͼ߲ǵ̣άȴһЩǳˣַҲκκ˿һ߲ϵ˷ַںٶȣ鷳ˣ
ԣ߲ǵţַÿһˣǳﴢˣ뿪ͺˡ
ַǳٶά˶ǲ첻ѣ̫ˣֱǳջ죡ʱ֪ˣҲǳ֮壬ǳˣ
ַոͣϢһᣬħ;Ůַ߷˹
Ůַ΢Цţ˹ǰϴҺħ˹ǰǳǰ˺ȾƵģλǰȥҴңߵĴæٴҲһԵ֣Һħ˶λǰǾʱ˹ǰʲôʱʱ䣬ȥʺϺϼ
ַ粢ûдĻ϶ᱻŮħ쵽ʲô
ַ翪ڵ֮ǰûгΪ֮ʱȥǵ棬ǵһǧ꣬һ˵ǸĻôˡ
ŮһЦô˵ǿǸԵˡ
ַ΢ŭԵֻ֪ʮ۴ҵӣ˲㽫ɱԵôǿŮķϣͰɱˣ
ַָǳǿ
ħæ˹ǰȫǸᣬǲ֪ǳǿӣҲ֪ǳǰĵӣ֪϶һӣҲҡˣǰǳǿǸһħͷַĹϵǳ
ַ統ʱٻǳǿɱʮ۷£ħ;Ů϶֪
ַ簵Уˣ
ַ治ɫǿ˵ǸַǰݰֵܣΪַȹǰǿһôʲôô
ħңֻʶѣ֪ǰҲûַϢ
ûУǿ˵ַͻͻƴܣ֪ǺַЩԹҸǣ²ĶԹҪ˭Ҫɱַ磬Ǻҹȥ
ַвԵ˵ħ;ŮǣַĻ
ŮǰɱַŮȰǰʱǲҪֵĺá
ַŭŮʲô˼ѵŮѹôѵϵ˻ǲɣ֮俪սô
ߵ̸϶˵Ķڡ
άʱΧħ;ŮŭΪǾ½ôΪ˻ôǲе˺˹ǳλǰѣǷ˵ʲôôǰ˵ôǵ˽˶ԹԼȥٶǰݹҲ
ħ;Ů죬ԹԵĲ˵
άȻŭˣǺЩӵǳ֮ϵأǻ˵󲻾Ļⲻô
άæЦӭַ磬˹֣Сﲻãأðǰ˹ּ£ȥ֮һúõسͷǣ
ַôСҲϵģӵǸֵܣûǲҪΪҺǳնõˣ˵ǸҲǳ֮壬ǲʺ֮ϵ˸ûоûǳ֮壬Ǿ½ˣ޾ĺôɱǶϾԼĺ·
л˹ָ㣡
άַǳ֮壬˷ܵĿ췢ˣȡ֮֮ߵԴ
ͬʱάǷŭޱȣŭ죬æתͷħ;ŮΪʲôǣŮַǳ֮壿˵ǲ֪
ħ;Ů亹ֱŮæ治֪һ㶼֪顭
άŭѣ㻹ѣǿŮнķϣɱ㣡Ǻַ罻֣ѵ֪õʲôôǿ֪˶ʧϴε¡֪ڿѾַ磬֪ǵʧжһȥǾ͵Żȥ֮Ůŭɣ
λžŮħˣ߲ǵ˻˶ԾŮħ˵Ҳŭ
죬άˣַ˹֣ħ;ŮѾŮﴦˣԺַ磬תַ磬߲ǾԶַûж⣬ַع߲ǡ
ַ̾Լ˵ǳ֮壬ŮܽԼ𣿿»׷ɱԼڣΪԼǳ֮壬Ů͸ıע⣡
ַάãҿַˣһת档
һ£ܴԶ˹ת潻ַ˵Ĵܡ
ܴԶǰ˶ֹͣ
ά˴λ´Ӻδ
ߵĴܵǸϵˣǳʵҪߣ
ָǳա
ɫ䣡ǵˣ


528 ң
άɫһ䣬Ц˵Цˣ˶߲ǵѣҪˣǲܵġ
ǵ˼һ֮ڽˣǴѹ߲Ǿͻʷ
Ը֮˵вάҶŭǵǿ߲ܿģ
ǵ˴ûҹ߲ǵ鷳Ϊ߲ϸûǳ֮߻֮ˣûмֵĶϵ˿϶ûбҪȥȡ߻
ǵֻǳ֮˺ͻ֮ˣ߲ˣǿ϶ʹٽˡ
ά治ɫǹر߲Χ洫ͨǹô
ǵΪǵ岻Ĵ͵ôûǹԹԽˣҿǳղ߲ǵˣ߲ʶһ㣬ͲҪ£
άɫǳѿȻλ£²ҿԾģҪȥ㱨һǵĸ߲㣬ʱһλһ𸴡
ַĳ߲ǲˣǳƲﲻܣ
Ȼ˶ĳάҪסЩ˵ĻֱӾ˵ˣ˵Ҫ㱨ϲ㣡
ܺϲҪϵ߲ҲԶֱһͿϵ
ַ翴ʹ֮£˿ԱΪѣҲԱΪˣ
쾡£
ַ籾߲ǵˣΪַǳ֮壬߲ǿǵķչ棬ͻַΪѡ
ǳձ߲֮ϵĴǵĹϵǳãҲŮĹͣڸǵв£߲ͷǳգһֳıѣ
ǳĵϵˣ߲޹أ
ǳյȻ˵ԼǸˣ͵ڳԼļ԰
ȻάҲȥ˵Ļ̫ˣ
άʱ߲ǵĴܵߣ
Ѿ߲ûйϵˣѾֲˡ
ǳ֪ԼֻԱǵ˶ϣ϶˳ԼôԼˣ϶潻Ǹҩѣ
ǳҧгݣû뵽ᱻ˳
ǵ˵ǳգǸأǴߣ
ǳյҸ߿ԣҸˣҵǳҲпݽߵһ죬ôһǳǳȡ֮֮ߣλ¾ãΪṩǳ֮أǸߺأ
λǵ˼򵥵һᣬһλǳգ˵ûץҲΪǳ֮ǿҲ￴㣬ÿ궼ڵǳòˣʲôÿҪǳ㽻ֻ·һ
ǳյҵȻˣʲô߲ǵĵ̣ҵİȫɵò֤
ǵ˵߲ǣСС߲ǸǻôǸҶ㣬Ǿͻ߲Ǳʷ
ǵ˵ǳǿӲǵȷûн߲Ƿ
ǳյһмҪϣλ´Ӧ
˵ֻҪԹԵκҪǶ㣡
ǳյһǲҪЩѣЩѶȥ磬ǲ˺ǣ֮ʱõһطҲϣ˼߿ɷ񣿡
ǵ˵ѣûȤǣҪҲνҪֻӵǳ֮ˣǻȤô⼸ǿԸṩȫĻ֤κ˶ǣȻҲǣǻὫһӲģֻҪǳĶûȤ
ǳյڶҪǽҵ˴Ҫɱ
ˣ
ȻֻҪǳʲôҪ󣬸ǵֻҪܴӦǳЩҪ̫ˣǳ˵Ҫǵ˽߲ǻ𣬸ǵ˶
ǵ˿ǳôʶʱҲǳģֵܿΪϵһ£
ӵǳʵ̫ˣǳΪѰһӣԽϵ£ַôһ
ǳǿǳ֮壬ǳǿиѡ
ǵҲץӵǳ֮ˣЩϹԸսɱԸΪЩħṩ
ǳҲսǿǵַˣ˿սǶ֣аٷ֮ʮĿܿߣǸǵҪ׷ɱ˵Ļһ޴ӣ
ȻһطԲǾػˣȥػˣһģֻᱻػ˵˿ƣṩǳ֮
ǳίȫΪַ磡ǳţַһɳһܼĸ߶ȣȵַıǿˣɴܰתǿԿԽǳվߣǵˣҲһս֮
ܰתããǿ֮еߣ˭Ҳȥǣ
ʦľַû˵ʲôַҲ޾ǿգûкһܽأ˵δҲûоȳˣ̫ˡ
潻Ǹҩϰ屻ֵץ˹
ǳĿߣң
ĹѾ⣬ǳ˵Ŀ⣬ŵ˵ϣǳ֣ûг㣬ֻǸʮ굤ʲôû˵
˵˵ѣȻǵʱҪһЩҩѣҪɱ˵ṩһϢǷṩϢǳǳ֮壡
ǳմŭλһЩҩңĽͱȲһЩҩô
ɥǳ֣Ҳ룬ϴθǵ˽潻ϴһգֻʣһЩϱˣǻߣȫˣôǳ֣ԭҰɣҲ򲻵Ѱ
ǳյȻ֪򲻵ѣ㸴ǵ˲˵ǳҲܲµ߰˰ˣǳûԭʮ˿ֱĽ꣬ҽм걬ѶҲ˿Ƭ
֮ĺ˿ȫε˳ǵȥ¾յһɫˮ֮С
Ȼ֮ĺ˿Ҫ֮գֱȥɣͻὫԼ飡
º󣬸һٶתϵĴܣΪ׵ĽаɣħĴܡ
һٶܽƬԺǳվû˻Ҹǵ˻ᱣǳյİȫ
ǵҪǳÿṩҵǳ
ǳյļޣַæĻʱ͸㶨ˡ
ԣַиǵﱣֶΪ
ǵǳգǳҲǣ
һ֮ǳոǵ˽ǳ֮ǳղûּۻۣǵ˷ǳ⡣
ַ罫֮ڵǳ֮Ժ󣬾ʹźº뿪ˡ
ȥǳڵƬľɽ˿ݼҲѧ˿
ַ֮罫еĺ˿ŮȻʺǣҵǳգǳ֮¼ȵǳֻ֮֮ȥ˿еĺ˿Ů
ַҪŮͻƣַԼҪȥǳգԼǴһתԼڶʱ֮ͻƳΪ߽״ܣǵܲô
ǧܸıκϢǸı䲻˴Ϣǿȣǧ񹦱ض²Ĺڴܵ磡
һֱٶ꣬ŮһڲͻƵת
ͻ֮ʱ֮Ĺǿ֮ŮˣŮӲĽ֮ûȥֵ
ֻ֮Żȫպ
ַŮṩĺ˿̫ˣŮ̫ˣֱַպĻŮͻתˣ
ͻһת֮Ůպ˿ٶȺԿˣǰҪһֹ
ǿˣҪͻƵתҪĺ˿ǵڶתʮϣ
ַ緢һ⣬ŮͻƴܶתˣҲһˣȴûǿ٣Ǳ֮ˣ
ǵת֮֮Ůܳܵסô
ǣܲס
Ȼ˿֮ǿΪʲôͻʱ֮˴أ
ֻ˵һ⣬ͻ֮ʱ֮Դ֮ǿȺ˿Ҫǿ
ôŮͻƴת֮ʱٵأ
Сٻʱ壡
أ
ַǵرڵַ罫ʱСٻ˳ǬСٻ˵һԺϡ
ַֻ²ıǴܵ磬ؿ³ܲסٵĹɣ
СٻҼǵý˵ص겢ΪûнҲ֮Ľһؾȱٵأ
ַشǬ˳ַ׼һ顣
´㣬
ַ籾Լ飬ԼԴ֮壬֮ǿһܵļسܲסַ
ĿƾҪȺºݼҪǿˣݼͺ»ûгء
ʱһ٣ĳЩϸڣʱ׽ʵѡ
ûнأַ罫صĹһЩϸڶ飬Ҳ𾪲ѣû뵽仹˱
ȥ֮𾳽٣ϵž
಻ѣַ˵ȴһתʲôĹͻǸ١
˼£ԲˬڲͣĴռһɫ硣
ݼ½㰡Ҳ氡
Ψֲңе½㣬ҲҪ氡㰡
Ů˷ȸԾӣַô
ַ½㣬ʼٰܵɡ
Ůͬʱתͷŭַ磬죡
һߴȥ
湻˵
ַͷߣᡣ
вŮ
Ů棬֣˵Ӱ֮дŮ·һ㣬ַ翴һ¾ˡ
ַҪȥŮһ棬Ůÿ˸ַһţַȥ
Ϊʲôأ
ݼĻԭݼģأǰַ簮ȥģôҲˣ飬һӣΪݼ¹ϵôأ
˹ϵõĺͬһӣ
϶ͺǱݼˣַҧгݣ
Ů湻ˣºݼԶͻƴ֮ʱٵ
صɫˮʼӿҪһ㣬֮ͻȻĳص֮ˮѹ֮ˮôκˣҲ岻صķΧ
֮е֮ٵۣε֮ݺݵȥ
һתˣ˿̣һתɽˣˣҪȵһͻһת֮ʱöˡ
֮ͷ£ϯ壬ɫأ
֮ˮͻȻһ־ӭ޾
ַ緢֣֮ˮѸٵںϣգۣ϶Ϊһһ
֮󣬷ƽ˾֮ˮһ͸֮ɫƺӰε͸֮ɫ


529 Ҿ
ͻȻϲķ֣֮ڵˮһص
˷ܵĵҿооˮȺ˿Ҫǿ󣡡
ɶ˿Ҫǿ˲Ļ
ַԣ׷ء
֮£˵ɫһ𾪣˵ûˮ֮аȺ˿Ҫǿ
ַͻƴ֮ʱֹǿЩȫسˮˣҺͳˮΪһ壡
ַĸ֮ʱһ翵ַʶ
ҪҪ
ַȻһоԼ֮Լϵһ¡
Լֻ΢΢һָֻƽǸ翵ʧַҲܲʲô
þô϶ܣַǴܣ޵ʢֻþô
ַƣʲôѵص꿪ʼôô
µıԴһûʲôϵǳǿȱԴҪǿͳˮѾںһˣղ
ͻ˴߾磬ﵽһ־ɡ
ݼͻƴܵͻ֮еĸôһϵ϶ڴֻܵǲ֪ȥӦöѡ
ʱַ磬ַ磬ʲôأôأ
ңַŴ˼˹ҰҪǣأؼȻ֮ôǾͲͣոǿᷢʲô
˵ͷ
Σַ٣
һתֱӽַƤƬַûͣЪͣĴ߶һתдȫա
ˣ
ٴַʶ
ǳ˷ܣַ֮ˮڷײصıԵ
ַϲȻˣˣ
ַʶصĻǰɣ
ûҾصĻǣҾǡ
ַһʲô
ǣҾң䲻ڣеݻʲô벻ҵĿƣ޷ȣ
ַ糹׵Ժˣһ˵ʲôһӵǵıôô˵
翵ĸоôھʵʻҲܳΪһʶɣ
ؼ֪㲻˵ʲôҸ㣬ԴұԶˣԴ֮ϻк֮ϣҵҲҲ޵еģ
޵У㵽ʲôʶ㻹ʶ
شŭôܺ͵͵ȣôܺ͸ӵ͵ȵȣҾǧҷֻסôϸܵˡˡϢ
ַԺˣ˵Ϣ
ǣ۾֮иܵ˵ϢΪֻһˣǡˡҺһսҰˣ˰Ҵɢ棬ǣÿ߶ҵĲԣγνϵûҵǧ֮Уûκﶼĸֻ壡͸ƻƽ⣡
һսұɢ֮ǺɾңΪʱҺ˵׷ɱңǺɱˣȻɢȴһ䵽ǧ֮Уԣǧ֮еˣ˻Ӳ˵ƿأҪ˵ƿأҪҵΪܣ
ˣʧȥ˴ҲȲңҪҪʼȥҪײն𡣾߱һҪ¿ʼȥ
ԣҾͻأе߶ϲǣҾһδεΪǾ½һʼ棬ǳڵ棬ԣ²ͳʼõĵط
һ죬֮е̹ŴңҴ˾磬ǣ̹֮ŴŮӵңŮֽ֮ҽ˾Ůû˰Ҵ޾ǿգչ˵ײҵûа취գֻ޾ǿգܵҲѣ޾ǿգû˴ȥ
Ҳ֪˶ãŮҵ͸˿ռ֮񣬿ռ֮֮͸ĵӣĵֽ֮͸ˡû֪ҵǿҲû֪һȻˣãûˣŶˣˣǬֹ㣡
صޱȵıɼΪ޾ǿյ̫̫ˡ
ַ纹գԼȷ͸˺ҺСٻֹˡ
ַʵأһ£ıʲô˵ġˡıʲôУǸ˭
ҽأ
ַһǽذɣ̫Ťˡ
㣬ֻһŶѡһֻһǶѡ
ַԽԽͿˣ㻹ûиıʲôʲô˭
صҵıӰΣڵģ˺һҵ޵УһͨҺ˴ܣ״̬֣Ϊ״̬״̬ǻЩˣ󶼻ữΪռ̬
ںɡҺ˻ûг֮ʱɾʹˣҲ֪˭֪Ǳɱġ
ַһ⣬߾ʲô磿
Ҳ֪û֮ǰΪҺģ˺֮ҲŷҺ˲ġ
صĻ⣬ַû޾ǿ֮ǰΪģ޾ǿգȴִܲġ
ض֪˭ģ
ַʵôģӦ˵ôһ̬ôģ֪ô
ŭˣôģôģ֪ôַϻҪô
ַ֪ôγɵĶѣҷǳѡ
صǳ֮ʱȻκ˴ģ˱Ҹһ㣬תǧĳʼ֮󣬲ŽγˣΪʲôҺҪΪһҪҵͷϣ췴˿ǧ棡Ҳǧ棬Ǳģ˭ģҾͲ֪ˣҲ²Ǻɣʹ⣬Цشҡ
Ȼγɵģ
ַڵǳìܣַһֱˣΪԼƿ֮Уȴ˵ʵڵģֻڲ֪ٸ֮ǰɱˡ
˵ַĿ֮иܵ΢˵Ϣַ˫Ŀɵ
С֮ǰҲ˵һж˵ƿ֮УôӲ˵ֻأ
ַǸţǲŸСĻôַãˡ
ǣַ罫СĻתء
صˣžУ㲻žûУΪѾˣƲκˣ˫Ŀֻ˵һ˿ǳ΢ǱúͿƶѣİɣѾˣֻɢǧֶѣûʲôµģôһ΢޷ģοߣܿƵô
ֵַأǴܾ֮ϣʲô磿
صܾԴԴȫԲ֮󣬾ǺԲҵӵкһҵԲͿƿһˣĺһڷǳҪĴͺ
ַһĺһһܲͻأ
סˣܵ˰ɣΪҾսᣬΪǧռˣôͻƣ
ǺΪʲôʲô磿
ҭסˣһľ磬ɵģԼȥˡ㲻һľ磬Ұ㣬ҲģҺ㶼ƿߣûôǲͳ˵ôҲǰʯͷԼĽô
ַЦ㲻ңǺǡΪ㲻ҵĻԲôҵ˽Ʒû٣ܽôԲôҪĻҪҵ٣Ҫҵ٣ҾͱʵûʵôҪ٣
һ˵Ұ㶪ȥã޾ǿΪǴܰת˸սô㲻ˣҪ취ʵֻҪǸյܸյ
ԣҪҪ˽ܸ
˼ַ˵ȷһʵҪܳΪƿߣһ綼УΪһֻͻòҪ˸Լ޷ȥպ
뵽һµ⣬ѵҲȻγɣҲǱ˴ôȻγɵĻǿȻΪʲôҲУΪʲôҪ裿
Ϊʲôûн֮ǰֻһͺһһ
߿ҵȥΪʲôԼУΪʲôҲ
Һ˱ɢ֮ΪʲôиԭΪʲôǧ棿
⣬ַҲ⣬뵽һȥˡ
ַо˶һȡ֮֮ߵԴԴãǱһ
ôʶأһһ˲ȥʶôʶأ
ʶ֮󣬻нлɱУʶԿɱУ
ǣˣʲôȥɱУʧȥһ㣬һ㣬ʧȥеĹ
ڵġ͡ˡѿԻصһʱ޵еģǿɻû࣬໥ΪУǱɢˣʧȥǣٴĳͣǲŻõе
֮ðɣҴӦΪһΪһƿߣںǩԼҲֻкǩԼӵҵǶΪƿ֮ǵƽȣ˭Ҳ޷ǿнԼˣǾͻ໥ǣƣҲԸı
شӦַǳ˷ܡ
ˣأһ⣬Ǹʱ߾ǲǿԴȥͻصδ
ͻȻִŭʱ˵Ҳǿֵ֮Կף㲻Ҫ˵ʱˣ
ַоصķŭַ绹ʵʵ˵ǣˣ졯͡СʱֹͣҶˣֻܿһСַΧ֮ڣʱֹͣҲֻܿƱҵͼεߺͺСķΧ
ѹһ¼ߵֽеԺҪʱˣԽȥصδһЦ
ַףһ֪ܣæҰɣô£кĻҾԲġ


530 Ǭ
صˣֻ֮ӡѾֹͣˣĻصȥߴδֻ֮Ӿͻٴο˾ͻḴ˵ͻٴγ֣Ҳģ㣬һô죿
ַ㲻ңΪҲ֪ôʱ޷Ǿǡ졯ʱֹͣļ¾ļ¾ǿ죡ںϾʱֹͣ
𾪵Ըӣޱµʱ˼͸Ƕʱ϶Ѿȫڻͨ
Ļ𾪵Ŀˣ
ַƿʱͿռƿת켣ͨĹ켣תȻܾȷδƿصһǽתĻ֮ϣ
ΪѾַ˫ĿַȻܸܵЩַ翴ݼַܾȷ֪ݼʲôʱЦʲôʱ£ʲôʱʲôʱתͷһУܹȥݼ˵һ仰ǰһоͻᱻƣͻ飬ͻݼҪʲôѺºݼ˶Ļûеĸ˳֣ô֮䷢κ¶ı䣡˵˾ܰǧ֣һжĳȷû
κˣκˣ㲻Լˣ
ַһ߽Ӵ˵ˣַԼˣַûа취ȥ㣡
ַ֪ˡҲһҲһԴַƿԴ˽״̬̫ˣַҪɱһ˵ĻͿ֪Ǹ˵һУԺз£㣡ôֻҪԼԵǸ˵˹켣֮Ϻһ΢һ壬ͻɱǸˡ
˵Ĺ켣ȥƶϣ˱ɢˣҲɢˣ˾ԻḴ
ַоศɣϵģ
ַĻصоþòƽϢ
ַأҸ㣬Ҿ˺һ壡ȱһɣ˺ĴڣŻĴڣƿصʱͿռ䣡ƿصӦֻأ
سĬˣ֮û˵һ㶼ûΪʲôҪɱˣΪʲôҪֹֻͣΪʱռ佻޷ƿأǧңʱתռתһʱΣһҵĿռ䣬ôȥƣǸʱţʱͿռҲţҲ֪ԼˣѾȡ
֪ˣڸģһٴһҲңҲź
Ҳ֪һҲŻ𣡺ɱˣȴɱֻĨȥʶɢǧ֮Уѭֻء
ûҸˣһѺ͸һŸµƿ߾ͻ֣Ҹտ֮ʱϸܵ˵ϢҲµûµƿߣ
رԼĲһַҲǱŵĲᡣ
ַ㿪ʲôЦʲôƿߣֻҵ츳ʱѣǸ桮ڶʱҲһ֪ģԿռһϲͨҲƿߣ
ʲôش󾪣ε𾪱ǰθң
ַо֮ʱض˼¡
ѹԼЩɳƵĵ˵ҲҪһ壬һӵʱ츳ˣǿռ츳ˣ˺ܶ࣬һ˵壻ǸôãҲ֪ԴؾɽĸУ֪ܶŽ񣬸ʱմ֮һҴУ񾵱͵һֱ䲻֪͵˭
˭
صǺɵһӡǬ
ַһ㶣ǬʶˣǺɵĵӣ
ضûǬȷǺɵĵӡǺǬȥ͵ģ͵ɽƮɢ޾ǿ֮вġˡȫ֮У֮½ʵ˸ĿʼȻõҲǵõ޾ǿе϶Ѿ²ȫˣ²ټ޾ǿյ˵ѾˣҲ²ûֻѾῪʼˣֻ֮֮ˣ
ַоڲַ˵Ļкܶɵ㡣
ַأѾȫ²չ˵޾ǿյѾȱˣΪǰҵĶӵߣΪʲôҵĶ֣˵ôô
صΪǰ˲ʱ߿ռûаԼ꣡ǷӲֻǾţһëѣҪǣֻزûпʼҲ˵ûҵµƿߣֻµƿ߲ܷӳ˵ǿʱͿռ㣬ֻؾͻῪʱӵ˵ȫ
ּæµƿҲԣҸ㣬ٴʱͿռĴһŹ㣬ɾԲŹ㡭
ַȻôѧϰʱˣ
ҵȻƿߣʶһȥôϢѭЩϢӦˣһܲˣ壬һų֮ģԲΥ
ַȻǽصˣ㶼˽Ǹô
صûҵﵽĻһۿһˣܿһʲôˣƿغʱĹ켣ƶϳδңܿԣ
ַðɣڸңôܳΪƿߺƿߣ
صôΪƿ߲Ǹ˵ôﵽǵĸ߶ȾͿԣͻƴܵھŲ㣬˺һ裬˵ʱƿߣ
ʱƿߣȥʱͿռʱǧȥֹֹ֮ͣͣʱֹͣĻϣʹÿǴδʹͻصȥ
ڿռʱ򵥶ˣøıռԪغ͹򡭡ǸкµŮ˲пռ֮µˮôĿռȫ򣬾Ͳˣʲôʱɴ޾ǿյκһλãǾˡô򵥣һжˣȥɺӡ
ַô򵥣ô
ַȥˣߵļŮˣԺÿ裬չ˺ǣǵ
Ц˵չŮĻҪ˵ôŮϲˣٺ٣Сÿ춼ҵĻϴ裬һչ˵΢
ȥַŭ
ô㲻ô
ַתһ룬ΪʲôҪĴأֻһ̲ˮѣ
ַ֮Ů١
ַ翴Ĵٱ֮ǰܵĴСĺ֮ܶ࣬еŮ˵ıԵҲ˵ٸŮͬһ٣ȻСǳ
ַ֪ڸĹزŮˣΪ˾޷٣ҪȥˣĻƵ٣ŮǴ壬ҲƵ
ȫ
ַŮһȥٰɡ
һһ٣Ҫ˴ҵصĿƣ϶ᷢ
ǣŮͬʱأҲͬʱ٣ؽٵǳÿڽŮ˵ٽ㡣
ַ翴Ů壬Ϸˮַ뿪ˡ
ȻַȥǳգǸǰǳתǳ
⼸꣬ǳҲʵʵÿ궼ǵ˸ǳ
ǵ˿ǳôԣȻΪǳա
ַ罫ǳ֮װ֮󣬼ȥ֮˿Ȼ󽻸Ů
ûлַ֮翴Ůһ
Ϊַ緢֣ŮʶѾԴ֮壡
ַŵĲᣬоһ㣬֪ģַصļֵ͹һȫµ˽⡣
¿ַǳĵĵ磬ڻˣôĺ˿ĴǶѾˣ˶ͻƴתˣ磬ҪҪǱȻһ£ܱܲͷ
´֣һܵļơ
ݼЦַ磬Ժ˵ʺһˣΪҲˣٺ١ҪԹŶȻٺ١
ַ亹ֱо˻ˡ
黹Ƚ磬صѾǵԴ֮壬֮һ˴ǵĺ˿϶ˣһȥɡ
ַԣУһȥĻǵһỳɵģǻȰɣͻƵ˴ܰתǾȳʦȻɱ򸴳ǣ
صʱַĶôҰչ˵ĺðɣϲɣɣ
ַ纹գлˣôŮʸĳԴ֮ģ
ص⻹򵥣Ѿ˴еԴұУҪԴ֮ǳףһͨķˣûκηˣҶܽԴ֮壡
򵥣ʣؾȻ˵򵥣һͨ˶ܸԴ֮壿
ַоԼˣ̫ˣ
Ů˿֪ôĴڣʱˣôأ»ڵһͷײ
ֵŶˣ˵ǸޱȾ޴ǳǰɣȥҰǹ
ַô
ŭˣҲ˭УеҶѹƣڣյôת˱ѹƣҲѹģûа㷴أǣҵ̫Сˣһƭǲܵġ
ַãҴȥ
ȵȣؼæѾˣǬǳܲҵģȰǬһڣɢһЩ֮ȥǬԺٴҽȥҪȻڰҷŽȥǬһ¾ˡ
ַΪǬǬѾΪ˶״̬ˣû뵽㡣
ַǬĹܸıô
ش󺰵ϻɿռĹǽľˮⰵϵ˵ܸܲı䣿ԴҶܸı䣬οⵥϵ
ַٴһ̫ˡ
СٻԼǬȻҪСٻȫϣСٻԸ⣬ǿиı䣬߳һͻγӦҲǬ
СٻǬڣؽһ͵˽ȥСٻȫԼĹĿƣǳӭͽ
쿪ʼַ緢Ǭ޵աõĸӵʵܵĻ״̬ҲٵĿɽľһЩҰ޵ȵȶ׷׵ĳ֣һڿٵĴһ㣡
ֻǼӵʱ䣬ǬѾһأһ㣡
ַ𺳲ѣ


531 Ůǲ
ظַܵʲôЩ㲻Ҳܰ쵽ôЩͨĻܼӾܰ쵽ռ俴ʵһ̣ܼ¾ܴݻ٣Ĵ½㿴ûǴܣҲݻٲˣܴĻǲЩĴ½ִģһܿϱܣվĵһȫһ䲻
ַ಻ѣַ֪ܴ죬ַ˸޾ǿͻƴ֮󣬾ֻһõ͸飬ûдʲô
ַվϵĹıô
صУҵֻܸıһЩ΢Сϸڲ֣ߵǿСһҿ
˵ţĹַ翴ԱߵǿСۿüٶȿή˷ĩ
ַ緽ŻоǿڶԱ֮£оҲǳҲֻܸı½һСĹ
ؼ˴ܰתϵĹҶȫƶı䣡ʱ۴ȥĸ˵ˣҾͿĹѹƵˣɱˣ
ַоͺһ
ַһ⣬ǿյܸıô
صԣҽľ磬ǧĹҶԿƣҲ֮ڵĹΪããǿȫտռ䣬ûκιģûȥıʲô
ûйģַһ¸

ַ罫ǳŮŮԴ֮壬ȻԼ˿
ַˣȻַȥǸǳǽߡ
ߵĻǵôַڻûк͸ǿʵ
ٴμǳգַǳ˵⣬ǳ𾪲Ѱ޲ظһ壬ֲܣǳܲѡ
ַǳһһԲߡ
ַ翪ʼǬĳڣȻɢȥǳ
Ȼַһ֮ڽͿˣ
ǵҲˣΪǴǳм俪ʼգǴġ
ǵ߽϶ᷢ⣬ôǳһֱʵǵҲĶǳշɵľ裬ϼһÿ궼ʱɼǳôʵûгʲô£Ҷǳնǳġ
һĩʱǳͻȻȥ߸ɣ˵ûˡ
ɣʮܸϽ˹޴ĹֻѾȫˣ
ɣһȥ˷飬ֻһǳ
Щ꣬ɣڴҲûעΪǳһֱһǳʵˣÿ궼ʱɣٶ˿ûгκβκ¹ʣʱǳ˻һЩǵĴ죬һЩ˿ȵȣҲҪһЩħ֮ȣǳպĴ֮ϵķǳãЩ֪ǳѾǿƣҲǳշǳ𾴣ôһǳ˸ùϵһкôģ
ڰɣ˷ǳûˣɣΪϼ߸ʱģȴûˣ
ɣҲûлʲôΪֲǳߣÿ˶֪Ҫյ֮Ļ϶ҪʧʧıǶ٣˭Ҳ˵׼ʱʱ٣ʱ˺þöûһ֮Ҳ
ԣɣΪÿ궼ѹեǳգǳշչǳڽǳˡ
ɣǳ֣Ѿûǳ֮ǳֻǸǻظǰɣǳÿ궼Ϊǵ˸˺ܶ࣬Ȼȥ֮ǳ־ͼǸǣǾһˡ
ǳյɣ֣Ҳ֪ҲǸǵˣҼǵĻͻΪͽǸǺϵ˶Щͳǧˣ⻹ɣ½⡣
˶ǳ˼ˣҲǳõٺô˼ǳճֵܣϵǳá
ɣǳֲֵҲǿʵҲǳֻȥΥҲòǳֻȥǳּ£ұ֤ǳֻȥ֮ǳǳΪԴǳȥǵʱȡΪǳڸȡһǳߵĵλ
ɣǳշǳжΪжԹϵĻɣѾ御ˡ
ǳͻȻɣ֣Ҳ
ɣһ㶣ǳ֣ʲôЩôֵܵģֵܶģô᲻Űɣأ
ǳ֪Щ˶ħĴܣ˵ֱֱȥ˵ѣȻѪɱ¾Ǳ˶жǾԻᱨг𣬾Իᱨ
ħڸ֮еλҲߵģΪǿǲ˵ѣɳȥһɹǰ첻ɣ
Щǳ˽ǲǳǿ϶ǳмǳա
ǳյȻֵܶңôһƻҿԲȥǸǣҲÿǳ֮ȻҸֵÿ˽¸һǳ֮Ҿô
۾һ
ɣǳ֣˵˵ʲôƻ
ǳյģһصǵǵ֮ţҶ֪ÿǱܵϷӡţֻһڣҽȥˣȻȥƭǵĻÿòǵĻǿԴѹץң
ɣ붼ûãҪֻȻɣܸʲôطһģǲֻ̣Ҫ
ǳմЦãɣֹˬ죡²˳٣ͳ
һ鶼㶨ˣַǳջصǳǵ򣬶ɣ˾ڳڸš
ƪľɽȣǳտݼŮԴ֮壬ͨ죡
ַ찡óٶȰΪʦĵȲ˰
ǳռɹӣַ亹ֱŮЦ
ַó֮󣬿޾ǳ֮زǸǳ֮еǳ֮ҽеǳ֮Ѿǳ֮
˶ɵˣ̫ˣ
ǳأַظǳո壬ؼԸ
ַƣΪʲôأʦ𣡡
صʦֲŮֻŮ񣡡
ַ糹׵ıˣ㵽Ϊʦ壬ŮӴԺҲˮ
ַв˷ǳãؼæ𡭡ҴˣҸ컹ɡ
ʱͰǳյʸԴ֮塣
ͷϰ֮󣬶ǧлֶַǧлֱ˷ܵĿˡ
ǳǿҲǳ֮壬ҳһЩ굤˸ǳǿԴѾ㹻ǳǿҲ˳ͻƵ˴ܣ
˶Դ֮壬ҷ˿ħ֮Ҳȱ֮Ҳȱǳ֮ȱ
еĺ˿ַ硭
⼸ַṩź˿Լһ㶼ûգڴҶǱַʱˡ
ȻǳձԴ֮壬ҲҪַ磬Ҳͻƣɲ˼˵
Ҽ˲ͣ˿ٶ֮˷ֲָǣҶԴ֮壬Ȼڱ˭Ŀ죡
ǣŮһӪһӪǡ
ַӮˣŮͻ
ַ磬˼Ůˣ˼ӮǣҲǣ
ǰֱ̫ˣ̫û˷ˣ
ߣ֪۸ǣ
ַˣŮҲ
ַ磬ѽ˰Ů˶Ӯˣ
ǰԴ֮ǵˣǣ̫ˣ
ߣ˵ǣǿûã
ַᱼ
Ůǲ
ȻǳպǳǿһԴЦѣŮ϶ַ磬ûϵֻǿֶѡ
ַҲˣ
Ůֻ
ôôŮ˶ô
̫ûζˣôᰮء
ˣˡ
ַһ鶹ײ
ַѵӣŮˡ
Ȼַ֪ǺԼ棬ַ϶װģϵģŮôģôҸַҲˡ
ÿ챻۸ţҲһҸ
֮֮䣬һ۸һʵҲһְıһ۸ˣˣҲˣ˵Ѿˡ
˿ٶ̫ˣһʱ߰˰
ȥһַ֮ͻ˴ת
ͻƵʱַѡͻƣܽٵ״ַ̬ͻƵķǳ
Ůַ֣ͻҪĺ˿ͻ֮ʱ屶ϣȻǰŮͻƵʱֻһֱԴ֮ѣԺͻ֮ʱ϶ҲҪ屶ϵĺ˿
ַ֮ͻƵת
ֹ˰ַ֮ͻ˴ת
Ȼÿͻƣض֮˸Ӧһ˷֣ôͻƣ϶µģ
ǣַƣ
ַֹ꣬ͻƵ˴ת
ʱǳֲˣǳѾõʣ޼
ַûмųȥѰµǳоʱͿռ
ַ˶ʱѾڻֻͨϲѡ
ַʱֻּǧ׾룬Խ׷Բ
ʹá졯ʱֹͣҪַĶ࣡
ȴͬģȴôַ࣬绹ӵʱ츳ʣǺġ
ַƲѡ
ַֻء
ص˶ʱѾ߾磬ǵȴԶˣΪʲôأô꣬ùʱ
ַ٣ʱʱ򾭳ãڶԵеʱãʮΰɣ
˵ĻԵˣʮΣ˼˵κκιҪȥĥģֻвͣĥܸƿʱǹȥպôǿʱֻĥֻвͣʹòߣѾʹùʮΣʱôҸ㣬㲻ͣʹʱԵУĥ˵߾ĻҰͷ㣡
ַͷô
ŭⲻص㣡
ַЦصǣͷˣѾˣ㻹ôң
رַˣȻַڿЦ
ַ֪ˣԼʱȱĥȻĿ϶Ҳǣ
Ȼʱ꣬ʵڶԵеʱҲãΪʱ͹ԼĸҲԼʹõģʱͿռҪ
ǣַ黹к˳ȥʱͿռȻʱͿռͬʱҪȥѰµǳ


532 ӵŮˣ
Ȼݼûиַȥݼ֪ȥʱͿռȥֻӰ쵽ǡ
ַ˾ȥǿ˸洫վ
ȥǡ
վʮԱˢˢĻعͷĿַˡ
ַôˣ
ַ紫͵λԱЩɣǼǸϵˣ
ַǣȥϵ˳ɱˡ
⴫ԱǸǵˣҪȥɱǵˣЦλ£ҪȥɱǵˣǧҪֱӴ͵ǣǴ͵븴ϵȻĽӽϵ䵥ĸϵˣͿɱȻ˶˾ܣǾ飬Ҷôɵġ
Ǵ͵ػϵǾ͸ϵ˴̣ǿʱǵĶ飬Ȼʹһɱȥˡ
ַŮأ
ͬʱش𣺡
ַЦЦСŮ˾£Ůǻ˵ġ
ַ緢һ⣬ͺ˵Ըԭ˵ģǱޱȣ飬ԴӺݼһ֮ȫˣ·ȫݼˡ
ò˵ݼġ쵼̫ǿˣ
ãͺµԸݼˣݼԸλĻַÿɽˣ϶ġ
ַһص⣬ѾݼͺµǸȦӡ
ݼͺַŮˣ֪ģ鲢ַŮˣôǸȦӡ
ַ룬ѵϲô
ܰ˵ôϲҵģ
Բܣ
ַ˴ͨǵĿĵػϵ
֮ͨڣºڸ֮ͨڵĿռַҲϹš
͵ػϵʱҪ죬Ȼ͵滹ʮˣЩ˶ǴϵģҲȥǰػϵȥػˣȥɱϵˡ
еĴͨһһ޴·һеϵ֮ľ붼չ㣬ԣͨΪһ˶ȥһΡ
ÿϵ֮䶼ϵÿϵ֮䶼һ͵㣬͵еĴ͵㶼Ź̶ʱ϶еĴͨһģ͵֮ÿξƶǻһ𳵡ÿĴ͵㶼Ҫͣӣûˡϳߡ³Ҫ̶ͣʱ䣬ʱһֻп
֮ǰַӲʺȥǳյǸȥôΣ֮ͨھûˣΣȥػϵȻ漸ʮˣ
ַһ漸ʮܵĿˢˢַϣȻ˶ڿԽͺŮ
ֵ˿ַǳ
ַĳ಻զΣʵһ㣬Ůе˸оܲˬ
ַƣǴˣ־ˣ½ЩСһô
ַ粻֪޾ǿܶܶ͵ҩǿĴܣЩˣܶ˻ûжʮѾΪ˴ܣˣľʮǧ
Ǹ磬˾ռݴЩˡֻǷǳСһֶѣٷ֮һûС
ַԴ޾ǿգһֱǳЩһ𣬸ûôӴˣҲһֱæЩ϶֪
ʱͷ濴ʮַ˹
ַ翴óǰŵ¡
ǰ˵Ŀⶢź£һ˫۾ںµţĿܿ顣
λСǺãػ˵ھϵ˹ĶӣҽˣλС㽻Ρ
±ģʱͻȻתͷЦĿλˣˣҽأҽѣ
һЦԣ˽Լʱ򣬲Ӧĸס
ΪԼĸ׿ǹػǳԼ׵֣ܻܿŮĺøУǰ椶Բˬû뵽Աˡ
κοռ䣬ŮǷǳٵģҲ⣬һŮߵĻΪܶ׷Ŀꡣ
˿ЦģǳɰҲûЦȻλС㽻ˣ֪λСͲ
»ЦģЦķǳ٣ǳľ˼˹ӣҶûȤֻ㸸ĵλȤϲҲϲ㸸ף㣬Ϲλãҿ϶ϲ㡣
ЩѾˣŮˣˡ
˲֪ˣЦС㣬ҸǹԺ϶ҲǹΪĵλϮģò˼꣬ҾǹˣԣС㣬ϲҾǷǳǵѡ񡣡
µŶǵλãҰɣ
˲ӣλСȻȥػϵʱҴλСȥҼͣһúõдλ
ʱַѾ̲סˣԼˣԼŮ˱åļһ̵ַĻͲˡ
ֱַǰ§˺µĲӣ˶ݺݵĵˣҲգʲôӵŮˣ
Ʋһַ磬ߣһΪ㲻أٲܣĸˡ
ַ
˵ɫһˣλŮɣò϶ֻǺŮͬ·ѣͬѣû뵽ӵŮˣ
׿˵˶λŮȻĲǱȴǱǰ˾Ȼ̬ȶԼ˵һţϣ˶ܲˣ
ʲôˣھϵĶӣʲôݣھϵ֮ĵһˣһ֮£֮ϣĹ˭ǣ
˶֪λҪˣ϶ǳأ
ܶ˾ȥػϵЩ˶λ˹Ӷǳ˽⣬λӾϰֵȨ£黨ǲݣûϲ
ǿϰֵķϣҲû
ŭСӣ֣ȵػϵҪСˣӵˣ
¶˱Ŀǰı񣬿϶װġ
ַ絭ĵˣǰɣĻʲô˵ǵػϵأ˵ˣΪһųȥô
Ц㻹ûи״ô˶ҵˣҸȥѰҰ֧Ԯǣʮ˶ҵˣػϵһʱ䣬һ·ϻܶǵˣһǧˣΪӵóҵô
ַĵһʮˣе˵ϢԼǿַ϶Ƕ֡
²ʱַкܶûеļܣԽսǳǿ˵ÿһת֮ĲǳַԴ֮壬ܿԼǿһתĴܣַǿĴ߰˸
ַ翴ĴܵϢҲûԼܶ˵ı֮Ҳóǲ£ַ룬Ļ˿϶ɱ˵ģ
ַʱһƣץסһʣвˣȻһվ³
ַͺʹ˸ɫ
ʱ򣡡
ַ顢Ȼͬʱ֣ͺʹõǿռӰһٵ˿Ѿ˵ͷԾš
ַҲٵ˿˵ĲӸǰԾš
˿˵ͬһʱ䣬Զʮܼͬʱˣֹͣ
ΪַѾͬʱ˭Ҿɱ
˭Ҳû뵽ַ˳ֻô죬һЩҲˣŮʹõĿռΪٶûôģ
˶ַ֣˵Ĺתˣַܴѡ
˺ַˣҲ𶯣Ҫͼȥ͵ϮǣҲҪˣκλһ걬飡һվ³ʱһĵļһﻹǣУһ仰ĵļһ£̫ˡ
ŭ𣬡Сӣҵһȥ֮Ҹһ޾ǿͨ㣡
ַһƳ˹ȥֱӴ˼Ѿ֪ҵ˭ô֪ҵòǼôͨӣҵõô
ߣǴĸϵϵĴͨģǾȥĸϵңܣӲͨ磡
ַһ˵ûԼǳĸסģҲǴﴫ͵ģһܵ鵽
ַ粻õģΪ˹ſǱǵ˱ţֻҪַǳսһǳٸɣһ㣬ʲô¶ͽˡ
˹ҲǡΪһƬɫֻǳյȱ˳ƺԭ˶ǡ
һϵͨ˴ַ鴫˳ȥ˱ַ綪ͨ
ַߡ
˶ŭ׷
ͨ˲ûж
һ˵ֻͨӵͣʱ䣬ôϵȥǰ֧Ԯˣ˹˵ô죿
һˣȥػϵĿΪɱϵˣĵǲ
ĲУаģһŹСӣȻҲŹŮ
ַҲ֪ʲôϵһ£ǽһĸ
ַһ˷ֵĵط˱ò洫Ϳռȴţһȥػϵġг
ϵͨػϵġгʮӾܵһˡ
֮˽һַͨһͨĻˣ˻ɢޱϢ˵ĸоǳ
Σַǧ񹦰Ѻºòıĺͨȥ֮ͨҲû¡
ͨ˸࣬һǧˣܶ˶һ죬ַԼЩҲȥػϵǰȥ֧Ԯˡ
ַߵһǳƵĴܸǰʵλ磬Ҳȥػϵ֧Ԯô
˿ַı麩񣬷ǳƣЦǰ˶ȥػϵģػ׼򸴳˽һȫĽǵ˳׵ĴɢһǳõĻᣬĥǣлػˣ˵Խҵμϵ˶ܵػ˵룬ÿϵɳ˴ܣػ˺͸֮һսǿǰʢ
ַ˽һ֮಻ѣԼнˣֿǰʢ
ֺһЩ޹ؽҪĻ⣬ַֻصŮߡ
ͨٴοһϵʱ䣬Ҫʱ䡣
ʱַһҲ˷ַʻǸߡ
һ˵λ磬Ҳȥػ֧ԮģЩ˶ǴǸϵģ
˸оɢϢܲǿǿʻҲӦЩ˶ǴӶʮŸϵģϵ˼ͬʱɣβ֪Ҫۼٴܡ
Ŷͬʱ˵ͫһȻ
ǰλ֪ô˵Ѿ֪ػ˴ϵǻڰ·ɱǵˣǼϵͬʱȥɱһ֮ٷ֮ʮϵ˶ᵽġ
˵Ļ䣬ͻȻǰٵ˿ֱûĴ֮ڣһҽУѾ顣


533 
˴󾪣˭Ҳû뵽ͻȻ
Ǹǵˣ
û
һЦȫɢʵϢַоĵħϢ
ɱЩǰȥ֧Ԯػ˵ˣ
ַƣҲôùɣ
ϴνǸͨűϷˣֱͨ˽ɱ
֮ͨڷǳ󣬽־û⣬֮ͨڴľ춯أҲӰĿռƽ⡣
ǧǿ˰ΧȥַҲ׼֣ȴסˡ
ַ紫˸ﶯ֣ɱˣǲ֣ܶһа취ȥ
Ȼַ翴ȥĵһٶһ˲䱻˴ɣÿ˶걬
ַ絽һǼתܣ
ַ翴ϵĴϵϢٴαǣﵽһ޷Ħĸ߶ȡ
ַϢԼҪǿʮ֮ϣ
ַתַţ˾Բתǿ϶Ǵת
ܰת޾ǿѾ޵Уôת֪
ֻ˵ȫĺ˿ϵĺ˿Ϻ˿İٱֹϱĺ˿ǳ֣ÿָͷϸһ㣬ϵĶͷ˿ϸȫһεģ
ַһο֣ܽ˵ٶȲô죬ȫǹڷĻеĴܵһ𣬶Ʋĺ˿
ַ֪֮ĽƴľǺ˿ֻҪ˵ĺ˿꣬ҲȲˣ
һ¾ͻᱻ˿飡
Ӱ󣬵һδ˵Ĵܶһĵ¡
ַо޵ɱһ㣬׾ٵոܵ
ֻʣʮŸתܺ˽ս
ʮŸ˱˱ƵĽڽڰˡ
һתַܿˣȵæ
ʱͻȻˣռһѾתܵȻٵ˿Ѿûתܵڡ
ܸû뵽͵ϮԼ˭Ҳû뵽
ΪЩ˶ΪַԼߵģû뵽ǵǱߵģ
͵Ϯɱ֮ʹÿռֻصַߡ
ʱȫħϢַ˼ǧ񹦽ԼͺµϢҲתħϢ
ֻħǲɱ
Ϊħȥɱͬ࣡
ʣʮ˸תַܸܵ˵Ϣһ˴УҲǸǵˣ
ַʱһ䵥ĴɱȥȻַûͺ¶֣תܣǲܶԿתܵģ͵ϮɹȫͶȡɣڵλתܵѹ֮£Ǹȫûз֮£ű͵Ϯɹġ
ַϵܣַȥ֮ʱҲ˹
ַĿ֮гһеݣַʹʱ
Сˡټʱַȫ֪һʲôķλ·˼ʮ֮ĳУַ綼˳
ԣڸճֵʱַ֪Լôȥôȥܣַ粢ûа˵ȥУַһǶȣȻݺݵú˿˹
ַ緢֣Լı˳·ߣŵȫңٴ飬ַԼתܵĶйַ̣ûаĹȥָıķʽȥ
ַǳۣʱ֮¾ü
תܷǳݼÿγУԼոշУûдȥأԷѾ֪ԼҪôתӰܵһλԼһ벻͵Ϯ
ַÿζֶǴתܵ㣬ÿζܲ׽һкκγֵĹ켣
תַܱƵýڽڰˣֵĻᶼûУÿҪ֣˵Ĺ͵ˣֻܱܣ
ʲôתͷ亹ַҲͷ亹
תŵľսһСľͻᱻɱȫŵͷ亹ַ磬һʹáˡһʱ䡮Ҫú˿ԵУҪͬĸıսĿԼһַ۵ͷ亹
ʱǱߵʮ߸תѾħɱˣһְַ磬һסˡ
һæѾƵ·ӣʲôæڶħĴ𾪣һתܰһתܱƵĽڽڰˣһг֣
ͺҲ𺧲ѣַϸܵ޾ʱ͸㲻ˣڳŵʱַʱûԼǿôô
ȻǱȿ߱ʱַֹͣǱȲ飬Ǵ˿ַáˡǲ֪ġ
Զӵ˵ֻܲ׽һ˵Ĺ켣ѡ
תŭСӣδ֪
ַҲδֻ֪ܴϢĶƶϳһǹӶжϳҪԣÿûг֮ǰҾжϳһҪʲôǰԤҪʲôµģ
ô
ת֪ԼҪˣһתܶ򲻹ǰתܣɱǵҲŹԼ
һתɱˣҲ̫ˣ
ַĻתܿʼĥַĻȻܲ׽ҪʲôһҪĹҸıأ㻹ܲ׽ô
ַЦ㲻ҪͼıԼ뷨ʽΪҪıʱѾ֪Ҫıˣı仹Ǹı䣬㶼Ӳҵģ
תһ㶣ҵ뷨֪
ַ粢֪뷨ַ緽㵽ͻȻԼһһֱ飬ȻƾתѹʽַĹȫź˿ַͬھˣ
ַԤ㵽֮λܣûô࣬ŵˣַŵһ亹
ǣ֪뷨ʲôҶ֪죬Ǳɣ
ʱֹͣ
ַͻȻˣʱֹͣĻϣʹǻصȥ
ַ㣬ַ翴Լص˻սûпʼʱתţַ߹ȥֱ͵Ϯɱܡ
ַպô㵽Լ»֮󣬷ֺº鲻ȴ˵Ѫ֮С
ַһͻȻ˵һ仰˵ȥصδռ佻ʱͻתʱֻҲתʱɵĺеģ
ַͻȻǰ½翴һӰЧӦڹȥıһ£صδĻδһжһϵеĸı䣬תĸı䣬ɿƵĸı䣡
ʷǲɸıģصȥıһ΢Ķδͻʧأͻ᲻˾ͻתԼҲƲס
ַ粢ûлصȥʱֹͣռֹͣ
ַ緢֣ռֹͣˣַ绹ûü֣ռֶˣַ緢ԼʱֹͣĻ
ַ翪ʼʹá졯Լεı죬ʱټ˵תܸͷӦˣ
Σתܲǳ֣׽ַ͹켣ַٶȼֱռ䴫ͻ죡
ַ緢֣ʹÿĺֻǶԼԣʱֹͣĻ֮ʹõĻǶռԣԼһ˵ûʲôΪӰΧ̬仯ռӰĻǾ鷳ˡ
ַθǳ࣬˵֮£ڰʱȫĸ͸ˣ
ڿ£ַԼȫ˵ƣʹһҪڵõ˲ͣĽ֮Уַһδζתܳ֡
ַ緢֣Լһ֮ھƶͱʮϣٶȣתܻܸϣҲǱַƵһֱˡ
ַ緢Լʹÿ齻ٶȸ죬ַʶӦٶȱ齻滹Ҫ죡
ַʶϣӦô죿ַʶȴĸܵһУ
ַ಻ѣ˵ٴµʶ
ַٶԽԽ죬תַܸٶˣϣҲͶ㲻ַĹˡ
䣡
ڣתַܱɱ
̻ûһʱ䡣
תɱתܣ
ַȫһ㣬ƮƮģַ֪Լľһֱڸ߶ȼ״̬֮Уһиȫˡ
ַǿ񣬺Ůվһ
ʱλħռռɢĺ˿֮˹һλҸоĵλħλϵϢΪİǸϵģѵ޾ǿ֮лϵĴô
ַλ£ǲ֪޾ǿ֮Ҳûħ˵ȷǸǵˣǴ²ˣ֮ҲûȥǣѰ¸λǡ塯ˣλһ֧ġ
ߵ˵ôˣѵͲħô֪岻ɱ¾ʲô𣿸ǵļңڴս٣֮ʣǸ߰ɣ
ַһħڿѲˡ
ʱλ£λһˣ֪ʶʶһˣ
˶һ㶣˵ǡĬ˶
Ȼһ˵ʲôǵġ
ǸǳսĬ˶޾ǿǿĴܣѾǵˡ
ЩĵŮҽ飡
һ㶣ͬʱΰݣμ£
ħǲ˵ѵģκħᣡԣ˸ûȥ飬˵Ҳʵ
ħ֮нĬ˶˶ˣ֣ĸԼģҲǸȡģֵ֪˲࣬Ȼ֪ǽȷݡ
ĸ죬ںСʱ򣬸뿪壬Ҳ֪ȥ֮ĸţ͹һ˵磬һֱΪ죬Ϊħ
£ҽпƶλǿƶأֵܣˣӦ͹»ظǣǻнɱ˴ϵشֵܲӡҪһȥɱ֮һظǡµҪԻȥĻΣأ˺ػڽսȥǣֻдͨܽȥͨҸ߹£ҲҲģҵˣǵҲѹµɵ˵ġ
תͷַ磬أ
ַʱ˰죬û뵽ǸǸǵǸ˵
ַѾػĹַˣ˵ˣڲȥǻȥ
ȥַ缸˲ȥػˣҲɱǵˣǽԼϰô
ϵħܶˣɱĥĥԲ¡
ַǵģһȥɱȻһȥǡ
ַ̾ȥػˣȥɱˣȴ˸ǵˣȥɱػ˵ˡ


534 
ַоһиһ㡣
ǵأǰһأ
鲻ħĻĸ׸Ǹϵַ֮϶븴ϵ
ڣûа취οԼѾػ˵ˣ
ַòǸ˺ػ֮䣬ûкû֣֮ҲûжԴ֮֡
˵ˣɱսǾԲʲôıƣǵɱѰӵǳ֮塢֮ΪãһжĹ
ʵҲһУҪ˵ţʵҲǰеɱˣѰǳ֮ͻ֮Ϊãǲôôʵôȥ͸˶Կ
һǹһǱ壬ڰαӶѡ
ػЩαװɸǵ˵ɱˣȻø˵˱ڹ˵ҲͣΪǱҲ£ҶǣһЩ˺йϵô
ػ˵ɱˣˣŻ𸴳˵Ϊӱ𣬶Ǵǧϵ֣֮Ҫһٴݻٸˡ
˵ȻõϢɳתܼס;ռ䴫վнɱˣ
ƶͿƶضǳû취ݾѹһˣ˵תˣǰתܣ˹ҲҪޱȡ
ֵַܴ˴͵һϵȻֽһͨ
ͨٶˣһȥ֮󣬿ƶͿƶֵܾʹɱ䣡
ַŮҲһѰҴת֮µɱ˹ȥ
ַһֱʹʱҲʹʱ
ʱ֮£ַо˵ܿʱ
һְַһ
ʹַʱصһĻͻ᲻ܿƵıַƣ
Ҳһ
˵ʱײһ֮˾룬ַɲԼӰ֮³ʲô¡
ɱһЩתµĴܣȻתµĴܱͺ˰ˡ
ַ緢֣Լ˵ת֮µĴ֮ʱǳףҲۣͬʱˣǱƵ·ˣַɱ˻ɱʱ֮£˻ûзӦѾ촦ˡ
²ʱַΪʱֻһַŷʱǿ
ַתܣԼһΪַҲʮ֮ڽɱ
ɱǳĿ죬ӵʱ䣬еĵ˶ɱ֮һվ³Ȼִ͵һϵȻɱˣ
ɱ˾֮󣬿ƶֵַܴ뿪ˡ
ΪѾûɱˡ
ɱˣתµĴܣûκһתĴܡ
ϵȻתɳȥȥ֧Ԯػˣתܿǵĺģûýתɳȥ
κϵ븴ϵôԶڴ֮ͨʱܵ︴ϵÿɱЩ֮֮ͨڻҪ죬ȵվ˲ܳȥȥ֮Ҫվԣɱ˾֮Ѿȥˡ
ûֱӴ͵ϵڴ͵˸ܱߵһϵ
ϵ֮ǰͱϵˣһƬأͨϵҪɱϵǿ߶
Ȼʱû˵ģΪػ˺͸˼ս˶ȥػǱˡ
ӽϵǳϵʮ˸ɣ˸ûзӡ֮⣬ʮ߸зӡ
ػ˺͸˵սûδսڸǸ߸С
Ȼǵսˣͻʮ˸ʤˣͻڸϣػɸʮŸɣǰػҲûз˫սս
˫սһһûз򣬽ȫɱ߽꣬˴ɢʤ
Ȼƿӡķ˫ûΪƿҪĺ˿һ޷ӴûԸȥôġ
ÿķ֮ڵĴܹͬάֵģγ֮ÿһ֮꣬ϵĴһÿ˶ͷųһֺ˿ȥӹԽԽǿ
һķ̫ˣò˵˺ػ˵ǽģҪƿҪĴ̫ˣ
ԣ˫սһֱţûһܽԷ׵
ػ˴Ӹϵˣƿһķݻһ
ܴݻһĻôһʼһݻôͻҪѸһ򾡣ǳ£
ϾػǾʮŸˣֻʮˣ
Ҹ˻ϵзǳõĹϵʱܴϵˣˣֻиϵľŸɱϵľŸ
ƶͿƶֵַܴһɫƶӡ׾֮ʱַо֮ϱƺҪַڵɢһ㣬ҲЩʧأɫ԰ףͷ亹
鼱æɷǳ͵ַͺ£ѹַͺµɿֲʧӰ١
ַͺ°дħķӡħЧǶˣɱ͹ǳӽӡǧ֮ڣӡ¾ͻṥ²ʱַӡûôǿӡɴܵӡ϶ǳǿҽľѪϢ͸ӡͲṥˡ
ַ羪̾ӡ̫ǿˣԼתĴܣ׾֮ʱͱѹĴ
ƶֵܴĵײ˼ޱӴ
ַоЩ֮£ͺֻһôС
ײһܷİ֪λãǰתҲҲطȻҵҲƲ
ΪֻһϸСķ϶ǿƶʶɨǸλãֲַˡ
ڰ棬ͨǸ϶˴Ϣܿ죬Ǹ϶ڽ˿ƴַ˳˽ȥ
ڲһƬɵģַоǳֵܻص֮һ˷ܣ϶ǳϲɫĿռ䡣
ƺҲϲĿռ䣬۾ƺϤϢһ㡣
ܶһƬڳĴɽľҲǰɫģַоһ㡣
Ƶ£ħĴӪеһжǰ²ǸĻģǿȿҪ²ǿˡ
ֵһ·Ϊַ˽
˵룬Ҳˣַ緢֣ǳˣǴתϵǿߡ
ò˵ħ̫ǿˣ
ַƿ˽⵽л֮࣬ǳ֮࣬ΪԴԴϵĴǲȱ˿ġ
Ĺ
ʱƽַһڳĴɽ֮ϣɽ֮۵ĿУƯһ֮ߵľ޴󹬵
һ·ϣܶ˴ӹǿֵܵˣǶֵʺá
ֵתܣĵλǳߣ
оŲ㣬ַ֮ڣܶ˶˶պ˿ַ翴˿Ѷ̫ˣҶź˷Ҳ̫ˣʧַ֮翴ȥǡ
ĵһ֮ڶһЩһתĴܣڶǶתĴܣÿһ㶼ǸһתĴܡ
˵㣬ַ緢ǧתܣȻħдܶ˿϶ǰս
߲㣬ַ翴һٶתܣ
Ҷƴûˡ
û˭ԽԳȥûȥˣ
ħȻɱɷϣʵһ壬˵һһ˵ǶԲı䣡ܺħĻŶȾǰٷ֮ٵġ
˵ڰ˲㣬˿һɫ˿ԱתԶۿûȥߡ
ַ緢֣ߵ׺ȷмƣòϣϵǳ˧֮ԽߣΪͷİ׷
׷룬ȫ·ǳ࣬һȾĳһתܣһϲעϸڵˡ
ûȥҶڹۿѧϰߵȴ
ַ緢֣鼸ǧ˿ûֱȥЩ˿ЩϸСĺ˿ںϣںϳΪȽϴֵĺ˿
£ַûַ֮ǰֵϱĺ˿ϱĶ˼ʮǿ˼ʮ
ǳմûи߹ַ磬˿֮Ҳںϡ
ַ翴ǧ˿ںϳٶൽָͷϸĺ˿ֽ֮ٶ˿۳ʮֵĺ˿֮ʮһ
һֱаҵĺ˿
ţ˿װ˴洢ˮ֮ڡ
̻ʱʱ
ʱŻվĿ˵ɨɨ֮ʱԵһ£ȻָֻȻ
ŸһЦȻʾĿˡ
ڸ߸ףȴ°ɣЩ˶˺ܾˡ
ȵˣˣЩ˶ȥɱ֧ͨԮػ˵Щ˵졣
Щһ㱨֮󣬶ȥˡ
ƵֵһʹŹˣɳȥֵܻûϵˡ
ţĺܺãȥɣһ㱨
ϸ壬ȫһԵȻЩвŮǷǳ˧׺ߵϣһ˵
ס
顭Ů˽ıһ
֮󣬸Ů˲ŷ˿
ŮΪܣ޾ǿգǳΪ֮ҲŮˣû뵽ḸŮ
飬ĸ׻ô
鵭ĵĸ״ǰˣĸ״ߵʱ򣬸һҽ״ˡ
ӿռָóһذףذѾ⼣߰ߣѱ֮Ѿá
ҪһһַñĶȱ
鲢ûôֻ˵ذĳ壬κȥıĻͻʧȥ壬ͻûмֵ
һذ֮ϸţǳСģһСľͻὫذŪ˷ĩ
ַ翴ĳذ²ǳͨĲϴɣܴѾһ漣ˣܵ΢һ¿¾ͻˡ
ʲôû˵˺һӺ˺ܶ࣬ӿռָóһµУذСװ档
顭ƺЩѵĵΪΪ壬ûкúõĶĸŮԭ¸ף
΢Цţ״ˣⲢĴ׷壬ôôǿ󣿸״ˣĽҲĿ֮ӢۣףһжǶԵģһΪǵˣΪ˸һУĸ֮ǰһҪҵ㣬ڣˣ


535 һɱȥ
΢Цŵ˵ͷŮĻο飬Ȼˣɣ׻ֲһУԺ͸ڸߡ
šͷףҸһ£ַ磬ϲˣλǺ£ҵãҲַŮˣλҸ״ˡ
ַ統ˣ׻һ㣬ȻĿ飬˵ʲôϲˣ
ַӦǰ
Ҳ񣬡ǰ
һüͷࣿ
͸αװַûио⣬ǰǺ࣬鵱ǵ²棬Ǻһģһ·ô꣬չ˲нĳɾ͡
ַ֪ΨһŮȻһ࣬ҲԽܡҵŮͱǸϵԶЧңκβҺͷ֮£ֻ·һ
ֱַ亹ֱǸɶǰ
΢ŭ㻹ǰҸ״ˣ
ַˣǰˣ鲢ҵŮˣҺֻ֮ѹϵ룬пЩᡭ
ʲôԴŭ˵ʲôûйϵ᣿ѵƭôǻˣѵŪĸ飿䲻㣿
ôһŮóŮϲСӣŮϲһЩУǰԼԲĸֻҪϲҲܣַ˵Ļܲô
Ǹϵ˵޾ǿյͷ֮һྐྵȻҵԼ˵Ļ
鼱æ״ϢŭҺַĸ黹ڷչ׶Σûеĳ̶ȣԺ˵ɡ
ַˣɶҺĸڷչ׶Σ˭㷢չˣ
ǳķŭַɲ˵Ļ˵ŭħַСˡ
ҪŭǸܵĿϢ
ã֮£ǺúôСԲ£۸㣬һˡߣ
˵߽꣬һ䡣
Աߵĺʱãҳȥɹɹ̫
ַ翴ɵɵӣһȻ̫ô
ַ֪ǰѿռԼ飬ַأ֪ôȥ顭
ַͻȻҲȥɹ̫
վס
ܡ
ÿռ͵ַǰסַ硣
ַĿ˸Ǹ鰡Ҳ֪ҶôˣǸɶǲ̫ʰɣ˵ˣǰ˵ģϲҵģ˵Ļôճ
鿴ַćЦǲǣ
ַæǣʽľݼͺ
ôʽģ㻹вʽôСѩأô
ַ亹ǸҺСѩǴϵһǴϵ
ַͻȻоǰһһ˱ǵԼ֮ڣŸо촽һһĶԼ촽
ĿԣһǶסַ졭
ڵ㺼ٵַܵڵҲš
ʮ֮촽뿪ˣԴζĿַ磬˵Ǵϵڲ˰ɣڿʼҵˣԺסˣҸ׾Ҫи״ˣ㲻УҸ׹ŭǺǡ㶮ġ
ַĵǿģҲϲϲ㣿
Ʋ죬ҾǿôΣ˵㲻ϲôϲһҪװŲϲûмˮˣ˲ϲô
ôһŮַ粻ϲǼٵģǣַŻԲݼ
ַͺһѾԲݼôݼںͺµĹϵǳãҺСѩĹϵҲǳãݼȫ⼸˵ϴ⼸ȫݼıˡ
ڿʼҾĴţݼĶţСѩţţˣٸһĸԲˡ㣡
ַĵΪʲôҪţݼ˭Ҳܸı䣡
ΪַһֱΪԼݼһʼڴδıЩַԼ޷Ƶġ
ַԼһרһˣСʱܵĴͳйأľַҲ͸һ㣬ַǸоԼЩԼϲݼ֮ŮˣַҲʶľַܾڸ֮ϵһֱˮ
ЦݼСѩк˶ҽ㣬ĸһˣҶѡĴţǴҾģΪҾô
ַһ¾ˣ⡭ʲôʱ£Сѩھûô
ݼĸھ綼Ѿˡ
ַһ治֪Ůһ𻹸ɹʲôԼ֪¡
죬ҲַŮˡ
ַסַ֪缸˶Դ֮֮ʱ𾪵°Ͷˡ
ô꣬ûһ»ʧ̬㸴ܣзٴ£Ҳ𾪣£ȷˣ
һԴ֮壬ᾪȣ˶ǣôȥܣоһ
֪˵Դ֮嶼Ůģ֮󣬼ַ磬˵ǳַƽȵȥԴ
ַ粻ŮĻҪַݰˣ
ûʱ䣬ϵ˶֪˹»ع飬ǵ˹棬ַΪ£
ħ֮й˱֮ͻᱻΪ£
ַĵλνһ죡
Ǻܶ˶Ľģַݣħû˽⣬Ҳû˷ԣħֻҪǣǵˣ
Ҫħʲôݣÿ˶Ȩȥɱ㣡
ַ̾ޱȣ²ʱַǺħ޵ҪڣԼȴħˡ
ⶫԼ޷ƿصġ
Ȼַʶ飬ԲᷢչڣһжѾΪַ֣עҪħһ𣬺Կ
ǰ֮ϵս£ҺϰΪôģ˾ͳȥ򣬾͵ĥ˻һ˭Ҳ
ԭ˶˫սսĥĵط
ȻطһĥĺõطҲʱɥΣա
ַ簲֮Ȼȥȥݼǳգ֪ͺǳһˡ
ַǺͺһȥģ㸸ףûʱ䣬Ѿûˣ϶кܶ໰Ҫ˵
ַûֱӴӸǸĴ͵㴫ͣΪӸΪĴͨ۾һϵ˳飬˾ɱǸǵ˻࣬·һ
ַͺ˸·ǸѾ򸽽ʼ˴͡
ֻͨ˿ͣһ·֮ûзʲôվַȻֽһͨǡ
ַǺܽˣԲŻһͨһ͵ǡ
ٴοǳգǳպݼǳǿƴ
ַ罫ǳա
ʲôǳմŭ࣬ǴӾ½ˣôԼ븴ϵħԲҲɱ¾Ҳܣ㣬Ҫ븴ϵԲУ㻹Ҽ룬ŶûУ
ǳǺһǱѣıѣ
ǳնڸѾ޵һַǳĳ̶ȡ
ԱߵǳǿҲǶַŭĿӣоַѾǡ
ַʵʦΪζԸ˳ޣ
ǳص̾һǰϵ˽ǵ򣬵ʱΪץһ֮ĴܣǲԸ⽻󸴳ɱܣǿдǵˣʱǻŵĴĿǵ˱ߣʱΪʦĻһתܣΪʦҲҶ֣ܶܶǰȥƴˣ֪ʱȫˣǾˡ
ַڲΪʲôʦô޸ǵˡ
ַѾѡ˸ǣѾΪʵַ˳ôܷŹԼô
ԲʦѾ˸ǣ޷˳ˣߣұȥػ˵ģڰ·ػ˵˲
ַ罫¶ǳա
ǳվʲôĸǸϵ
Ϣǳղ
ǣҲ˸ǵĵˣһ֮£֮ˣԣʦԺɵģߵʱὫɣȫߵġ
ǳ˰ˡ߰ɡ
ǳ֪ѾƲˡ
ŶˡǳͻȻʲôַ磬ǰǵץߵǸܻţֻǱڸϵѣַ磬Ͱæȳɡ
ַʦ˼ҷģֻҪţһȳ
šݼ߰ɡǳתͷַ硣
ַǳտͷʦôңԶҵʦ𣡡
ǳһҲ᲻ͽܣַ˸ϵǳûа취ַߵġ
ַݼ뿪ˣ棬ַҵ˰ɣڴܣó˵µƣɣ˴ˡ
ȥʱ򣬰ɣ˶ħϢҲױ˷֣ȻһٶܣҲȥء
ַҪתͣɣԣ£ô˻ҪתôοǰߴսǶȥ֧ԮˣµҲûʲôˣֱӴ͵ǣʱҲôһ·ɱģʲôأ
ַǲҳʲô¶ѣǿһٶֱܶɱȥַҲܾ
ַո£һ࣬ǿȥѹƴңĻҵĲ
ãȻֵǶɱȥôǾһɱȥ
ħսɱǼﱣǳնûк˶ˣͱĲˣǵȻҪɱȥ
Ҫɱɱ
ԣҶϢֱߵ߲ǸĴվ
ԱǿһȺϵ˹ɫÿ
ͣǣ
ڵ죬һϵֹͨͣӣոͣ£ʮܡ
Щܳȥ֮һһٶܣҪɢħɱ¾ͽʮɱڵĺ˿ɡ
ŷħַˡ
ַûйܣַ絣ĵǣһ߽׵Ĵô죿ڴ֮ͨӶûа취ߡ
ַǵʲôʲôַɱ֮ڿִ︴ǵһվ֮ʱ֮ͨڳһתܺʮתܣ
ʮתܣɣ˾ԿԶԸ
תûܿģ
תܴôȥǰ֧Ԯģƾתܵ϶ֱӴ͵ϵֱ֮ӼսҲû뵽֮ͨôิǵĴܡ
תܸոսͷַħ졣
ĿĶַ磬㲻Ǹǵˣϵ
ַѾ˵ȫһС
ַЦⲢǱѣѡѵػϵô϶ǣػˣҲǱôƾʲô˵ң



536 ϵս
תһ¾Ϳɱַ硣
һ䣬ĴҲսһ
תܿɱַ磬Ϊת޷תܿ⡣
ַСδ֪תܸոճ֮ʱַʹÿӰѾתܺǧ׿⡣
תһ㶣תܵٶȸӵùתܵĹСӾȻˣ
ѵʵתôַ磬ַûȥʵ
ַ罫ݼͺװǬȻ׼תһս
Сӣ㾹ȻܶҵĹȻЩֲͣħ죬Σҿô㣡
Σ˿˷ַѹ˹ٶ֮֮ǿַ޷ģ
˵ʱǿɱһתĴܣҪɱһתĴܸܣ
Ĳ;ĲԶ޷ֲģ
֮ĽȫǺ˿ıƴûκεļɿԣ
ַ˵㣬㣬ַ綼޷ӿ˷ĺ˿
תĺ˿תĺ˿ȥԿֱѻʯӱܣ˷ȫǺ˿ķ϶ûУ·߶׵ķ
ѵҪô²һֱս޾ǿգô࣬ѵҪ
ҵԺݺ޾ǿյƿߺƿߣô
˵ӵдԵˣڣҵĴԵأ
ַ粻ת͵ĻЩˣѵΪһľҪٴɥô
ܣַԼ
ǣ˵Ĺַ޷ֵַǱ֮ʱ
ַ޷ֿĿ֮ʱַͻȻ֮ڵǸڶڶռô˿أ
ַ˵㣬ʱ޾ǿûа취ȥģΪʱǿռ򱻴ƣԽռ䣬ʱѷŻ֣޾ǿûпռڵģΪǧ޾ǿҲ
ʱһ޾ǿգͻΪУ֮ںڶȴǴڵģ
ɣ
ַüһ޾ĺڶڶǧֱ֮һ½˷еĺ˿ɣ
ַ糤һԵǻһ
к˿ַ֮ںڶ֮У鲻ɼĺ˿ھҵķǺܿʧʱ֮УŲ
ַͷ亹Լĺڶɺ˿˷ܲѣǺ˿ȴʧڿռ֮УַЩϧΪԼøöá
ַͻȻ˽飬ȫǽĹԼ
ַ֮ڵĿռһ޵׶ַ粻֪Լ֮ڵĿռͨַоԼԵЩǲ֪ڶĿռ䵽ж󣡲֪浽ʲô
ַıǲܽԼ꣬˭Ҳ
תܿԷԼĺ˿ŵһ亹⵽ʲô
ֻܵк˿ſƻʹݻ٣Էɺ˿ĻǾڲ֮أתܶٶȶ죬ǿûк˿ȥУԶ޷˺ˣ
к˿ַҲûиоʲôʣǿźڶбߺ˿תɱȥ
ת׵ĶַĹ㲻Ҳ׵Լĺ˿ȥƿַĹ
תٴα˿ַ磬תʧǣַٴ
ַЦҸ㣬Զ˲ң
תЦҾͲװеĺ˿תתҾɣҳű㣡
תΪǽ˿ɻΪУȻҲ˿ǲתƵģΪԼĺ˿Էɲ֮ʱͻű
ת벻ǣٺ˿󶼻ữΪС
תܷĹַɣ٣ַն٣
ģתҲ֣Էһ޵׶
ʱתߵתѾɣߵȫɱɣߵҲʮˡ
ʱ򣬰ɣ˿ַתܾսĿڴ
ɣΪַϵµλãȫǿĹϵλãΪַΪֻת
ħֻɱ¾λٸߣûʵĻҲò˵𾴣ڣɣԼ̫СַˣַȫǾǿԼʵϵµλã
˵ַҪûʵῴô
תܣǶôֲǿҪɱһתܣʮϵתܲɱ
ڣַֻǸתܾܺһתܴһƽַ֣绹ռϷ磡
ðɣ˶εĸо
תַܿͷ󺹣ϳ˳֮ɫĳּʹһ㡣
תһϲҪŲסˣȻһѾͷź˿ַȥ
Ȼַ϶װģַҪˣˣλܣҪķĺ˿תֵͣĻַôɱ
ַ翴תܷĹаЦϼǧ񹦻ûʹޱȵı飬ҲȻȥƺڶתܵĹ
תܼ״׷˹ȥһҪС
ת׷ȥ֮󣬷ַʹ⣬Ǽ׷ʹ
ַأһִ޷ܵʹ飬һָֻһгʹ֮ɫһ
תַıϢ֮£һἤСӿŲסˣһָоôָֻˣѵҵࣿǿȻһѾ֮󣬷СֿʼŲȥˣϲ֮ʱǷСָֻˡ
תܿ챻ַķˣܿ죬תԼСǲˣң
ת뷨֮󣬷Լս߽һԷԼĺ˿ôԼĺ˿˿ݽߵ״ֻ̬һ
ת֣˿̣ڵĺ˿Ѿ˷֮ˣôȥԼ군ˣ
֮ĺ֮˿ǶôӴһôܰװ˷أ
ȻɱתܣôҲҪɱˣǵĺ˿ɵ
תܻûֵʱ˵Ѿ㵽תҪˣתֵһַ̣Ѿʹʱ˰ɣߡ
ɣֵǣҵĴռ䣡
Ǭɣ˾˽ȥɣ˶ûоַܾĺ⣬ΪתܵĹѾˣɣ˲ֻ·һ
תɱ˹ַûа취ô˵ģɣ˿϶סתܵĹ
ħûģɱޱȱǿ϶Ը⡣
£ַ罫װǬһ֮Կתܡ
תô벻ַֺͣս֮תɣˣΪСӻĹ֮ǰͱסЩˣ
ϵδ֪
ֻʣַתˣתܲûйַˣΪҲ˷Լ
ַһδεĹҲκβתܣȴһֱתܵĺ˿ȻÿĵĲ࣬ȥתڵĺ˿ݽߡ
תַܶĹֽеȥ˼ô˲ңҲ˲㣬ȥҲûûˣ
ַЦôĺ˿ô࣬ʣ²˰ɣҾͺƴ˿Ҵȥ٣㶼Ҫֵɣھ븴ǻʮʱ䣬ҳ㣬ͨվ֮ӳȥһͨڣ
ûַתܺȥĻʮʱ䲻ͣĺķת֮ܵھͻתܺ
תܱѣΪʲôһɱĶ֣
ԼԱҲûã˿Ա֮Ҳᱻɡ
ҪôתĲͬǿڰתԹת̫ˡ
תޱƵĵСӣҶǳڷԣôɣĹ˭ɱ㣬Ѿ޵ˣαҪΪأ
ַΪ㻹ΪңһҪɱˣҴ򲻹㣬˵˻ôɣ
СӣΣ
Һ͵ǲ׵ģҺ˸ף
˵Ķô컨׹ַ綼
תܼæ˵ô
У˱ߴ̸
תܵҸһܣʵǻ֮壬㲻ɱңҿԸṩĻ
תܱҲܣΪһֱţκζ֪Լֵܺ׵˶֪
Ϊй¶ȥԼͻΪػ˺͸˵ĹͬĿ꣡ԼǱǱѹեÿҪΪǸܶ
ʱתΪ˻˵Լܡ
תܵĶܵĻջ϶Ǹ޷ֿģһɱתܡ
ַ粻ַͬ绹ȱأ
ַЦҹʲôʣʲôֻ·һ
תܼˣСôǸͷأ
ûƭ㣬ǻ֮壡
תܱߵֵַĹ߱޾Ļ
£תȫ֤ʵԼˡ
ַɹҹûƭңӸ㣬Դ֮壬ǻ֮񣡡
ַ˵ţ˻ǳħ
û˵ʲôûãɡ
ת𾪵ĲַĹ֮Եôˡ
ڰ֮תַܱľַɱˡ
ų˰ɣ֮ڴַܶĿ࿴Ͷء
ڣɣ˶ַ˵ޱȵ𾴣
ʵ
ص˸ǸմӴ͵ԶԶĿ˸֮Ũ̹ս죡
ɣתܺһȥսϿ˶Ȼȥɡ
ַŴս
û뿪һתܵ£ЩʵûʲôλƽʱҲһЩѰǳ֮ͻ֮Ĵܣ£ϣǣԸ£
ɣûЩҵֵǣҾǷĲֵǣһδξܾλԸսսҲԸʲôѰǳ֮֮Щ⹤Ƕˣˡ
ַܾˣΪַ粻뵽ħ磬ַҲµλãˣֻռӣַҪ¾ʵɱħ;ŮȻؽͿˡ
ַ£ҿһ£ȥǰĹˣսҲ飬ǿԸңһ𲢼սǣҲǵͳ죬ΪһкܶԼҪô
ɣȻô˵Ҳֵֻܴܾ͸ս
ַ˵ˣת֮µֵǶȥ
ɣ£ħûһȻҪսͻս϶Ǹ־սĻǻҪת֮µʲôֱսˣֵ֪ǳ£µĺˣֵǶûкúõĥˣÿսֵһϵģÿζҲĲѹֻǵôһһڹһսͺãҼסֵܾͺãĶҪ


537 Ĵ
仰ַѪڣÿսֵһϣˣҲģֻҪסֵһӾͺãĶҪ
ħʵܶĴǶںܶ˵ʱţѾʧȥ塣
ȥΪʲôʱ䣬ͬһ£˿Ѱ޾
Ѿֻأȥô
ܶԸԼﲻȻӣãսҸĶࡣ
׷ĴҲǳ࣬ϲưԣϲݺ޾ǿգ
ħɱҪȥõô϶ģһһ֮оڲͣսǵԸ˭Ҳı䲻ˣ
ǵˣ
ַãֵǾһս
ַȥսҲΪĥԼԴַΪ֮ͺȥսʱս֮вܼǰһתܺһתսַ֮ʱѾ˺ü㣡
嵽սַʱʱ¿ſռʱͿռ
ɣ¶Ȳĳɱȥ׷ѰԼĿꡣ
սת֮´ܣַ翴˫ս˶ڸѰԼĶ֣һһսҾࡣ
ûи߽׵ȥɱͽ׵ˣҲûеͽ׵ȥս߽׵ˣһһһսͿȺս
˫ÿ˶֮սֱѶԷɱΪֹȫһͺϸս
ַЩ⣬ѯʰɣսϵ
ɣ£֪ﲢɱսսǹսǵж˫ԼأҶѰҺԼĶȥսԼĥԼȻҲǶĥսǹ󣬵ǰصսɾͲˣȫսҴȥһս
ɣַȥһսʮַ֮翴֮ɱϣΪתϵĴܣ˫ܶϣÿʱÿ̵Ķ˱ɱ
ɣǲǸ˺ػսĶǸ֣ǿߣһԷս˫ͻֱԷ򣬴ҲŻ᳷
˭ʤ˭ܣ˫ܽԷ״ݻ٣ΪػӡûаͬʱƲģ˫սһֱڳԶûнǰǵõϢػ˴޾ǿոϵԮ˵ҪǸ˵һ򣡵ȻǵĿħΪɱǵɱػ֮ӣػ֮Ϊӱ𡭡
ַ֪˫սʼѾмˣûֹͣÿҪٴܣܹжٴأػжٴأ
ɣʱʵսҪתܳ˫ĴܲϼĻתǲֵģΣǵ֪ػҪǵԣǻƴǴȥģ
ַͰɣȥ֮ʱս֮󣬿ɣЩҵǵĶִˣºݼҵԼĶַ֣翴ĳݼͺ˵Ķֶǿеĺ񶼲Ը˺Ůÿγֶǳзִ硣
ַǳ֣սѵǲô
ɣԵǵģΪǶ࣬ػ˵ˣǲͬ࣬ǸǸħ֮ϣҪľ㣬ǲŶģºݼսĶ࣬϶ΪԼˣԼ֮սҲд裬һġ
ַˣǣַһԶתܷȥ
תҲַ֣糯Լɹüͷ΢΢һ塣
ַ£ս㣡
㣿ܺԲмϵϢֻתѣ㲻ҵĶ֣ȥ˰ɣ˵ˣǶ࣬Ҳĥʲôȥս˰ɡ
ַ类ˣô˵ַɱһתܺһתܵˣôܱӣ
ʱ򣡡
ֱַӳ֣һ룬ַѾ˵󣬼ٵ˿ݺݵͷ¡
תһ϶û뵽һתܵٶô죡
ת˿ͷȥ֮ͳ壬ַ˾롣
˿ַһľ֡
ַоԼʱ졯ټ˵Ըһתܾ׾٣
ַ絭ĵҺҲûһս֮
룡
ַǧҪΪ֣֮֮ս
ð׹⣬İɣҾԲ֣Ϊ㷽Ųɱң
ַܴһַ緢֣ԼɱǸת֮Լʱ˵̫ˡ
֮ǰǸת֮ܽʱһʱỹɱǸܣǺֻʮ룬ͱַɱˡ
ֵַܽʱ˵Ѿ˽սĹ㵽ǧԺַ罫ɱˡ
ַ罫ֹȿһ飬ڵʮеʱҵƶ֮ʱһյַ籾֮ܽʱֶᷢԷ㣬ܽԷַץסᡣ
ַ֮һֱǰĹ켣֣ȻڵʮеʱȻı˵Ĺ켣ֱӽɱ
ԱԶһתܿߵ˹Ҫսַ磬ַ籾ȥսأڼȻսַͲأӦ
ַת֣ܽٴ˵㣬ַٴץס˵㣬ʮʱ֮һɱ
ɱַ֮統Ȼ˲ڿռĺ˿
ַоһתѾסԼˣַҪȥμȺս
ԣַȥ˵ڶս
ڶսתܺתڽս˫ˣÿʮˡ˶һȺս
սֻҪɱ˾ͺãʲô취ֻҪӵ˵ʬ֮ϲȹܻԣÿ˶ƴ
һ걬飬ַоĸߴ·ߵİײһ㡭
еĴһڵײƴһΪ˴ܣ޾ǿգǣطһ˲飬ŬվӲһ
Щܶôô
²Ϊʲôÿ߶ΪܳΪ
ȻѾˣΪʲôҪȥսѵɱĸı䲻ô
Сٻʱַ磬㶮ô
ַоСٻʵĺ¡
ַǳԶĻȥ
šСٻ˵ûÿ˶ˣŻžû˼ˣûĿˣͷˣͺѾû塭Ҹٸӣ½磬һ˳Ϊ飬ߵ˶ѾˣҲˣֵҲˣһ˻ţȻʶѣȢϸţκκֵܶܣЩˣѭȥκ˶ܲˣȻͻԸĮȻ֮ͻ飡ӱȥʹ࣡ôΪܵˣѾ򣬻ܶ˻˾ԲǴ²ˣҸұ֤²ˣû˵ˣȫ͸Ѿʧȥ塭
Щˣ;ãһһԶ޷ʹ࣡ԼȥתͶ̥أܱɱˣɢתͶ̥ĻᶼûˣĴۣ
ַ˼ַߵˣֵܣںˣַһͻƴˣ̫ˡַߵˣŮˣֵܶĻַʲôˣȻԼʶҲһδεԼȥôѭȥַ籣֤ԼҲܲˣΪʲô壿
ַʱ仹ַ꣬ʲôоû׷ûĿ꣬ôʲô
ԴӽΪ׷ȥΪػػѾУѾʧȥ壬ǻҪʲôأ
ַʵСٻΪʲô֪ôࣿ
СٻЦΪҾģҵʶɱĻҾͻԶĻȥǷǳįĻȥָоʱķǳܣ֪ʲôʱҲҪĸ飬Ϊĸ飬ұں۰ҺŻоôˡ
壿
ѵֻһЦô
ַԺˡ
ַãսһʼͶתܡ
ַʱ˵˵İΧ֮дߣʼʱַǳ˱ƵĽڽڰˣоգַ绹ǳ
Ͼǰ͵˶սֻһ˺ַ罻ս˹켣˵ģʼʱַƲãǳʱƣַ罥İסţֻʮӵʱͽ˿ƣ
ҲǳƣתȥɱһתܣʮˣȻƵĶԷ޷֣ǶֵĪ⣬޷׽ֵ½Ƕû
ģתַܿˣʼתˣʼʱֻ˱ַѹƵ޷֣ʮ˶ַѹסˣ
𾪲ѣܸܵԷܽ˵ÿγΧκηλжϵȻڵһʱѹƣ˵ɢ˱ˣ
ֵܽضûˣԷ֮󣬺ѾԽתٶȣ
ȻַӦʱ˵Զ˵ĿƣҪɱ˵Ļˡ
ַȫ˵֣ĥԼʱ
ַתȫƿַ֮ԥĽɱ
ַֽ֮Ŀ궢˸תܣȻַҪԼĿӵһֲֿ֮󣬽˵ʱٴν֮֡
ʮӺַһ˵ɱٶתܣ
ڣַ类طתܶϣ߸תַķ
ΣַתĶֱתַҲҴ⣬СĿ˵ȥ
ַѾɱ˼ٸתܣ˵Ѿһָ߶ȣڶ˵ͿƣַѾ˷ǳḻľ飬תַֻٶȱת屶ϣǿʮҶѣƷȫһģֻҪַ罫ٶȡ͡ٶȡһΣ׾ٵĿƺƷЩˡ
Ȼں߸תܿʼֵʱַ绹ʵ飬߸תĥԼ
ȵȫܽ߸ȫ֮ʱַԥɱˣ
ţַҪĥ
ַħߵĵ£ħ֮Ѿͨսħ϶ʶַ硣
ַҪʮתУЩħͻܿ취ĽطʮܱƵַߡ
ַһֱһ֮ԿоܣЩħַ綼Ŀ࿴
ַܶһת֮ʱΪַֻǵȵ˹ķĶѣǺǿڿַսϵÿ˶Ҫǿ
ַΪһ֮֮ϵĵսħʿɱĵоڽڰˣ
ַɱʮתܣʼսʮɱʮʼսһٸ


538 ǳƬ
ַ֮սģսҵģսַ˵ս֣һĻһƮÿ˵Χַ֮ȫǵоܵĲҽ
ַ˳ɾͲûմմϲΪ˵˵ܿ޾ǿǧ棬ʱԲ
ַڲҪ˵ǧˣһ򶼿Ʋˣ
ԣַ֪Լ·кַܳҪϵŬϵĥ
սĥѳ
ַһսһ˳ɱȥ嵽˵оģǧת絾һַٵո޾ĺ˿ַյˮ֮ڡ
ַ緢֣ɱ˻ߺ˿ԼҪǧ򱶣
ǵ˿ǵĵôͣĳоģɱ仨ˮ
һսİɣ˿ַڵڶսɱУ̲סתܳ˹ȥַ粢ս
ʱػ˴ˣַߵҪ׷ȥַֹˡ
Ī׷ǾսԵţڵһսţе˹һῴԺܳʱ䣬ҶʹҲս
ַûб¶ǿޱȵʵЩ˿϶ûмɴ˿ַ̣ͺʥּһ㣬˶ַָػսԵȴ˵һν
ص˵һսַ翴ݼͺµĶѾˣ֪Ѿɱ˲ˡ
ӵʱͿռ˵ȷͬȾ֮ӵкܴսƣ޾ǿ֮еĴ֮УҶú˿ս඼òϣõϵľʱͿռ
Ȼַǧ֮УʱͿռ˶ˣַʱû϶ѡ
ŮɱĶַ֣ŮԶսַ罫ռĺ˿ȫգַյٶ֮˷ָ
һ˿Ҫúþõʱ䣬ַһӾ
ɱôתܣյĺ˿Ѿһǳֲ
ַһСʱ֮ѾͻƵıԵ
ǣַ޾ǿͻƣ
ַѾתܵϴ񣬸ûκ⣡
ͻƷǳ˳ܶ˶ܵдͻҲǳ죬ǵ˿ǵĵͻƣһ˷ܡ
ַ罫ĺ˿Ů
ŮҲǷգʧ֮Ů˳ͻƵת
˿ʣºܶ࣬ŮͼգֹһСʱŮͻת
£ЩܵͻƵ𾪵Ķˣһͻƿ⣬ǽӶͻƣ˭ˣ
յ˵ĺ˿һǳḶ́ÿս֮󣬻ŵ˶չʱܽյк˿ջΪУ
ѵͬʱͻƱԵԷһЩ˿ͻôܣ
벻ͨҲͲˡ
ͻַ֮˻ȥˣΪ´սʱ仹ûжڶս֮ǰǰ죬ͻԷս麯֮˫Լսַˣʲôʱս麯ˣַڳ
ȥַ֮˶ͻһϲҿѾͻƵ˴תˡ
ʱ鸸Ůڴڰ˲
֮ͻƵô죬˿ṩġ
ַˣЩѹƲס
ΪַǽشˣҲ˵ҲԳΪԴ֮壡
ַ磬ӭͺ񿴵Լϵһ
ַ磬һ·ˣЪϢЪϢ
ַ簡ЩûмΪĿ㡭Ȼÿ춼㡭
˵ȥսμսɱĵ仨ˮΪû㡭
ַ硭
ַͷ亹Ǹ״ˣҴˣ״ҪĻϾͿԿʼ
۾һڵַ仰
ɽľַ֮罫ط˳
ʲôҸ˸壿ΪʲôѵҵԴ֮Ĺô
طǳǳ⡣
ַ˰ﵽףͷ͵ͰҰɣҸһŮô
Ů֣һ˷ˣãڣֻҪŮ飬Ҹ˶У
ɫ
ַ״ˣȥˡ
һ˷ܣء
ǳ塣
оԼڿٵһ㶼ų⣡
дϲ۾Щ
ʱڸϡ
ַأôôã㲻˵ݼǸʱֻʮô
صһǰתܰҪʺ͸ƽ⣬϶鷳Ѿǿˣ
ΪԴ֮֮󣬲ûгŰתٲͣĴ壡
ӣǲˡ
ַ粻ˣ֮ȥǳսԼ£ǵǸӵл֮˾ȳ
һһ£֪ˡ
һСԺﻨ㣬ļ紺ȫڳĿռء
ַԶԶĿ׺ͷһĺϺȾ졣
˽ͬʱվַ˹
˿ַûи֮˵Ϣپ졣
ַλǰ֪λǰ
ߵߵĵңǣ
ַЦǳУǰȥģǳʦڿԴǰȥˣ˻ǰǡ
һ㶣Լô꣬˻ĺԼȥǸǲ˵ѵģ
Щɻĵ²ǸǵˣȻǳյĵӣΪλ
ַǰ˵ˡ
ַ϶˵Լ˸ǣ꣬ǵ˾Ϊץסȣѹǣɱܣ
ַ˵Լ˸ǣȾԻַ磬϶ַȣ
ַȴǰԴ֮壬ҲǱץģץ֮ʱʦһҪ󣬾ǷȥһҪҪкܸߵĵλԴ֮壬ԣ͸ҷ˸٣ȻҲļ븴ǣֲߣߵĻʦ𣡻ǣ
һ㶣Դ֮壿
ַĻҪȻôԼأ
֮κ˵ǺεҪǵûеõӵиʵˣԼô
ַȲţɢԴ
ǵصԴЩϢĸоȻ𾪵Ϣ
ȵãСֵܲܽҲȥȥҲȥģΪȥ棬Ҳûʲô˼Щˣﶼһġ
ַ翴óཻ֪

ַװЩΪѣðɣλȥǰѽɣҾͿԴǳȥˣĻ£Իһ
Ⱥһܼæַл˶ǳмַ硣
ұߵܵһһӴطˣû뵽ػɵһ죬СֵܣиǳƬ͸ˡ
߽ϵĹŵһɫˮƬݸַ硣
ַҲûֱ£лǰ
㲻лңػɣ㶫ʲôˣҲ⾧Ƭкμֵ
ַ統Ȼֵ֪ˣȾȵ֮оַܿ羧ƬʱľȺͲ˼顣
ַһ¾ƬӴǳǳ֮ˡ
ַǰھƬܵӴǳ
ߵֹӴǳ޾Զղ꣡⾧ƬǿվƬǳĽᾧԶǿյǳ
޾ַ羪ϲѣַ绹һֱȥѰҸǳأⶫʲô
ԺԴ޾ַֻҪ˿ˡ
ַԽͳȥ󷵻ء
֮ĵһ£ټŮһ˿
޾Դ˿Ǻε֮죡
ʱ䣬ַŮͻƵת
ͻ˴ת֮ٶĺ˿˶޷ͻưת
û֪ʲô
ַ˼תĴѯַ֪˴𰸣Ҫͻưתͱú˿ںϣ
ֻн˿ںϣ˿ɡá塯ͻưת
⼸תܶûдﵽ磬û˿Ϊַ˾ȥ
һתܣ϶֪ô
ûгﲻˡ
ַ֪ڴ壬뽫һּµľ硣
ַ˾ߵȣһ֮ûд֮гַõϢػַսˡ
ַŮǰ
ɣַ֮ŸᣬоַɢϢĻҪǿ£ͼλ˶ͻƵתˣ
ַﲻˣĵת
ɣԱߵ˶ҭˡ
ɣѹһ£ͷ˶ͻתܲսˣΪзתܳĻҷתܲܲս
Ŷ⻹򵥣ֱɳʹ߶ԷΣתܶԾ
ַҪĥûתϳôȥĥ
ԱսͳַĻһæ´ˣתһǲֵģתֵܳĻ˫ͻᱬһȫԵս룡ǽӵи߲֮ǲŸôԣ£ǲҽܣ¼¡
ðɣȴɣȵתϳˣٸҰɡ
ַŮˣȻַºȥѧϰռããݼûиȥݼ֪ȥʱͿռԼȥֻӰǡ
ǣݼرˣݼͿͻƴܰתҪ
ַããǿա
ַʺ°ˮҪ˹ˮ²ʱԴ͵²ռκλãòϣȫǺĿռ͡ˮǸ²ĹģѾʧȥЧá
˵ֻҪַ罫ˮȫ򣬿ռͲСˡ
ַʶˮȻˮ֮룬ˮ
ַоˮһƺƺڣȫһֹƮ첻Ʈ档
һĿռ֮ڽÿžͺһ͵һЩŵλöڲͣģûκιı仯ַָоĿռ֮Ųɼʱڷֻ˲䣬Իûͷѳռ֮ţֺʱںϣռ֮ſںһһռ֮ţʱ֮ûйĽںϵĿռ֮ڷֻ
ַоռ֮ž͵㣬ܴ͵ÿһ䣬ȥһţֻҪдܴ꣬Ӵﴫͳȥһ̣ͳҪȥĵص㣡
ַ޾ǿյ洫վ洫վĴ͵㶼ǹ̶ģҲǹ̶ģˮĴ͵㶼ǹ̶ģ͵ڲͣı任Ҫ̶һ꣬ȫɴⶨͿλã


539 ޾ǿյһ
ַʶ봩Խ⽻Ŀռ֮ţСķֻһһʶһռ֮ţַ緢֣ʶոսȥͱ˳ռ֮汻ˣַĿռ֮ţÿﶼˡ
ʲô
ַӸ֮˳ԿռѾһ˽⡣
ַҪͺº˽Լĸ
ַ罫Լ򵥵˵ˡ
ʲôѾ˰ˣǰɣ
ַ֪Լ꣬һַоֻôʱ䡣
µţ磬겻ĸǳ죬ҵѧϰռ֮ʱˡ
鷭Ű۵ַ磬㷽˵Щҵһ㣬ʮʱ䣡˰ʱ䣬ô
ַˡ
µ磬ѾԿռһĳ˽⣬ǻԶԶܵĿռ֮ţǿռĹ㷽ŸˮĿռھԼȥһ·Ÿ򵽵Ĺ
ַ羲۸
һ֮£ַһϲˮĸѾ𽥵ĳַ
ַ翴Լ֮ڳһռ֮ţֻһǾֹģˮ֮ڵĿռ֮һƮʱ̱õġ
ַʶ̽Ž˿ռ֮ţΣַ羹Ȼ˳Ľȥˣʶ˿ռ֮֮ʮֹ֮ͣˣҲȥˡ
ַʶڿռ֮ʮ֮ʮ׷Բĵط
ַʮ׿һطַƾʧˣһ룬ʮ׿⡣
ַѾ˴͵Ҫ
¿ʮ׿ַ磬ڻ˰ɣ
ַͷһˣҲˣռԽǿ󣬿ռ֮ŵȾԽҴ͵ľԽԶĿռֻ֮һҸܵˮ֮ڵĿռ֮޾ʱ̱õģţÿռ֮Ŷˣʲô
һȣ磬Щ㶼ܸ򵽣
ǰôˣô
ܲô¿Ǹ˼꣬Ҳ²Ÿˮܡ
µʵˮһ˵꣬Ҳֻһռ֮ţ֮ǻܵкܶռ֮ţռ֮໥һĿռ֮ţҲǸԭʼĿռ֮ŷֻġʦˮˮĿռ²棬Щֻÿռ֮ţ²ڵÿصѡԣֻҪ㣬ˮǾͿԴ͵²ÿһλã
ˮڵĿռ֮ŶˣΪʼһˮ򣬲һˣĿռֵ֮ĵصǾ½²ÿط޾ǿյÿһطˮʧЧˣûˡ½޾ǿձӡˮ޷͵²ģԣռ֮žͱˡ
ܸ򵽵Ŀռ½Ŀռ֮ҲֻһûзֻͷһǾֹģҲ˵ֻû֮´ͣĻռͻ᲻ƽ⣬Ҳܴͣǿƴͣͻһռʱѷ죬Ȼ޾ǿûʱѷģΪûԿռڿռ䲻ȶ֮ǿдͣͻԼѹ
ˮʱƮɢģռ֮ҲǷֻںϣںϺַֻֻ֮ںϣܶʼڿռ䲻ȶ֮´ͣǿռ߾ɡ
ҪԼĿռҪͣĴͣͣĸ͵ľͻӣ󣬵̫ˣں½һδԶľǼ׶ѣԽѶȾԽ󣬼ˡ
ַϰռ


ַڷĴͣռ˲ƶһ㣬ַоռ̫ǿˣռ壬ܣ˭׷ϣ
ʮַܴ֮͵һǧףһСʱַ֮Ĵ;ܴﵽǧףַܴ֮͵ף
ַռٶúºĿࡣ
ַڿʼ͵ʱ򣬴;Ҳһǳڴʮַ֮緢ʱ֮֮һݡ
ַû˵˵ȴ
˵ַ֮緢֣ԼĴͣԼĴ;ʱӣ
Ҳ˵ַԴʮףʮ׻ûе֮ʱַʶڿռ֮ٴνµ꣬µʮףַӰ´γֵĵطʮ׿⣬һ׿⣡
ͺַ洫ﴫһĿصһϵǵص㵽ַȴûվǼڴ֮ͨڣַ˿϶ϵһϵ
ַʱͣĵӣַ緢֣Լ;ӵжԶռ֮ŵȾͻж
ַ´½һϲ·ָͺ¡
ûʱҲʱ
鰴ַ˵ˣĿĵ֮⣬һ׵ʱʹʱȻٴ֮һµ㡣
ֵʱӰ֮⣡ڵĿռ֮ŵҲף
龪ϲѣúƲѡ
Ҫѧʱ
Ҳܣ˱ң
½ţＫȵĲƽ⣬һҪѧʱ
ַʱѧģǳѧ
Ʋͣ˭˵ѧˣռҲǺѧô˶ãѾôˣܣҪѧ˵ˡ
ºٺٵЦţ硭˿һ񹦣ҾͿԵõʱе򣬵ʱҿ϶ѧĺܿ졭
ַ϶ǳ롭
鲻ĵʲôһ񹦣Եõַ򣿡
һ죬ûнַͣɣҪġ
ɶַߡ
׷֮£ַ֧֧ĸࡣ
֪֮ûʲôӦǵ֮治Уַ磬ҲҪѧһ񹦡
Ҫһ񹦡Ůˣ֮壬˵ġ
ַ罫Ǭٴ˵
µõַʱĸ򣬾õˣܶطҲⲻˣΪַ츳ʱеĵطʦͨ츳
ַܶ⣬ַ綼ַĻشǣǴڵģҪô
ǵģ츳ǴڵģͲҪȥ⣬ֱַþͺãǺȴУĻûа취ȥ
ַ类ʵƿԣ±Ƶ޴ʱַΧˣΪҲʱ츳ʣǺģо꣬µЩ⣬鶼ɵΪһһ
ַˣȻռ
ַ緢һ⣬ռĴ;ԽԶԽľַһ´ʮ;Щˡ
ȥַ绹ôȥһСʱϢһ£һʱ䣬ַ粻κΪ˿ҲҪľ
ַһֱռǺʱ֮Сϣ;롣
ַһֱûʹá졯ַ룬ڿռ֮ʲôЧأ
ַȥʵ飬ַʵ֮ϲķ֣ڿռĻ֮ϼϡ졯ķѵľǳ٣Ҵٶһޣ
ʵַ֮ͰѿһȻͣ
ַ緢ֿһ֮󣬱ʱֹͣʱֹͣķΧ֮󣬾ȻǴ͵ľô
ַһ±Լˡ
ַһ½ǧ﷽Բֹͣˣ
Ȼַ޾ǿգֵķΧ֮ûκˣַ粻֪ʱֹͣܲôֹͣ
ԣַȥʵ飬Ůߡ
ַ罫Լ뷨ŮŮͬʱŵĲᡣ
ڣҾʱֹͣһ£ֹܲͣ
ַշŵķʱֹͣͿռϣַ罫ʮ֮Ů档
ַ緢֣Ůȷֹͣˣֹֻͣ룬ʱֹͣʧЧˡ
ַоûκ˵ʱʱֹͣû˷ַپ֮󣬺ķѵľҪࡣ
ַŮߣŮ
ݼǸܵʱֹͣҸоá졯ߡͿƿʱֹͣʱֹͣǲǣǡ졯˻ߡˣǾˣ
ַ˼ʱֹͣǿֿƽʱֹͣ˸оǳ֡
µ磬ʱֹͣǽʱͿռʹóģҶ֪ʱͿռŹ磬ʱͿռһ룬ǲǡǲǾͿԿ磡
µ仰ַȻַ˵ʱͿռĽϣƿߣеʱͿռ䣡
ôʱͿռ϶ศɵģ
񡮴ȥ͡صδǹȥδȥδǸռǴڵģ
ֶַȻʱͿռ䱾Ǵģ
ռʱʧ滹ôﶼʧ
ǵĴھܸſռĴڣǵĴҲܸоʱţ
ʱͿռĹʱʱ̿ߣǰÿ춼ʱ䣬ſռ䣡
ַ罫ԼŮŮԶȻ
üǣʱڿռΧǿռʱΪʲôץסʱͿռأ
ַ쳣侲ĵΪȥӦʱ䣬Ӧռ䣬ȥıռ͸ıʱ䣡ԣʱͿռУڸıʱͿռ䣬ʱͿռ䣡ֻҪ߾磬ǾͿԸıκοռʱ䣡
ַͻȻоԼ󳹴򣬼æȥչ
ַչ꣬һǳͻƣ
ַ֮ʱͿռѾɣ
ͺ¶ڱչأûг
ַȥ
ٴμ֮ʱַоϵϢǰǿ˼ַоԼǰȫѹƣֵûУ
ʲôַΪԼʱͿռɣкһս֮ڣ
ַ֪һͻˣܰתͻƵĻһǴܾת
ַ絭ĵ״ˣͻƵܾתˣ
ţǲͻƴܾתȫǿذæûأԶ޷ͻƾתˡ޾ǿ֮Уܰתǿհڣڴ񻰣Ҿ޾ǿյһˣ
Ȼ
ַʵ״ˣǴܾת֮ϣûиߵľأ
ĵҲ֪ͻƴܾת֮ȫѾһ߶ȣҵԴ֮屻֮ѾһʣҲ֪ʲôʣҸо滹Ŀռ䣬ֻǲ֪ôȥѡ
ַء
صڣǺ壬Ǻ޾ǿѾ޵ˣ滹Ŀռ䣬ֻʣҽҲȥˡ
ַأǴܰתôͻƣ


540 ҹ
ȥɣˣҵŮأ
Ů֮󣬲ݼôˣݼأ
صݼȥսȥˣҼˡ
ȥˣѵת֮Ѿսôݼؼ죿
ַ缱æʣݼ˶ˣ
ĵһˣսͽˣΪŮȥˣûȥô
ַһƬѾ²⵽ݼˡ
ַ缱æ״ˣݼʲôطҹôûп
¡һǰǺػ˱һת֮ĴսʱݼҲȥսˣԷ˿Դ֮壬ץˡ
ַĵ״ˣѵûӪô
⣬ݼץߣ϶ǱǴ˷ӡ֮ڣôȥӪȣҪ֪ӡƲģҾתҲƲʱһرչأûгء
ʱػ˴ٽǸˣɱǽڽڰˣػǧϵĴܣƿӡǽὫǵ֮еĴܲսǵ˵ֵסʱɱϵǰ֧ԮǣҲֻʱסػ˵ĴݼǸʱץߵġ
ҳˣΪܾתɱǧ֮ȥӪݼһ֮ɱооȫӡ֮ڣˣһʱ䣬оûһ˳ҲǧȥƿǵӡǣǾʮŸǲ֪ݼǸţҪƿһӡĻǵǧҪʧһ룡ǵ˱٣ֻʮ˸ˣػˣоʮŸˣϵĴ֧ԮܵǵǧϣҲûа취
ģݼԴ֮壬ǾԲɱݼģɷģֻҪΪͻ˴ܾתһܾȳݼ
ַͷץݼ޷Ϊݼݼôÿһ϶ûʲô¡
Ҫݼôȥȣֻһ취ͻƴܾת
ַ״ˣʴܰתôͻƵģҺ͵ת磬˿ҲӦоУǰתʼ޷ͻơ
Ҫͻƴܰתͱ뽫˿ɺҪľǽ˿ںϣںϵһִԲѭ״̬Ҳǡ壡
壿
ַ羪Ȳѣ˿ϵҲܳΪ壿
ûǹ壬㿴ˡ
ڱ޾ĺ˿֮˿ٵںϣ֣һ𣬱һȭͷСĺɾƬ
ַӹݹľƬ಻ѡ
ܵƬ֮ڵӴȫһֹ
ֻҪԴɾƬԴҲı䣬ΪһǺ
ַ֪һǺ
ϸĽںϺ˿ķɾƬķϸĸַ磬ַչأ
ַڵż˿˿Ȼ˵ķںϣںʱں˿
ַ۵Ŀſˣ
ַǵõһμʱںϺ˿ҲǳҪַڿĺܶࡣ
ͻƵܾת֮󣬼ǧ˿˲۳ɺɾƬ
Ĳ࣡
ںϺ˿ûͶȡɵİ취æҲеġ
ΪֻԴ֮ȥںϣֻͣںϣԼԴӶΪ
ַں˼˿֮ҲЩˣٶҲıˣǻţһ㣬ַоȥûмǧʱ䣬ɲģ
㼸ǧַɹĽͻưתк˿ںϳ˻ƬôƬҪã
ַ粻ȥˡ
ַҪһٵķȥںϣַȥ˵ûа취øַĶַ磬ֻһһȥںϣܴﵽĿġ
ֲַ̾޾ǿǰֻתˣһһػ˵
Ϊͻ̫ˣ̵ˣ
ûа취һа취ַ粻ƿҲûа취
˵ϴδӦŮ£㶼ƭңõκεϣûţ붼룡
ҪŮ
ǣҪĶŮĶУ
ַ纹գã
ַһǰܿٸŮÿŮ˹ɫǣŮͬʱ۾ǵʶﶼӵ˲ͬļ䡣
Щȫַ紴ģܾߣ
ַ罫Щ˵Ϊ¡
ݼˡ
ŮĲΰַ硣
ˣɣԺǵְϷˮ
Ůǣˣ
ŭҿҪʵģҲҪ㴴ģ
ַʲôʵģʲôǲʵģȱǱģҴˣʲôͬòģļ䣬ô
úðɣǿˣŮͺãǸʲô
ַ罫˵ء
صǳ򵥣㲻ÿƺ˿ںϣֻҪԴ͸ں˿ÿ˿֮һӵ㣬ȻЩӵ㶼ں˿ȻͻںϣںԴķһֻҪƽˣͽˣô㻹ң
ַéٿôǺܼ򵥣û˸ĻѾԶ֪
ǣַٴαչء
˵ķķǳãԴ͸һ˿˿ĺ˿ȻԴγһѭЩ˿Ҳ໥ӣγѭַ粻ôȥƣ˿ͻԶںϣ
ºַ֮ҲأⷽˣȻһչء
ַ֮ͻƵܰתַҲǳĺ壬ȫޱӴĺ
ַ籾չͻƾתַʱûҪתٶ꣬תĻʱ
ԣַ׼ȥ£ȥɱŮħоȻؽ飡
ַΪػ˵˭Ҳס
ַߵʱͺ»ڱչء
ַһ˴͵ǣַȥʦǳա
ַ֮翴ʮЩػ˵ˡ
ǳ֮ǳںͶԷɱһ
ַ罥Ŀַ翴ǳѾתܣǧתܡ
ػ˵Ȼ࣬תҲֻǧ
ػ˵ȵǳգĵǳǿٲߣǾǱʷѵҪΪˣǻô
ǳմЩǿ͸ǵʲôһֱΪػһڿǸƨ
ǳգ㲻ҪӲǵ˺ĳڣǴѹǸ֮ʱòʱ䣬Ǿͻǵķûκõģ
ǳմŭӾҲߣ
ַͻȻǳյĺ淢һˣⲻôַӸȳǸǳʵĴܡ
ַһֱڰпţսУַ緢˫սǷǳңҺ̽ԵĹȻת֣ܽ̽ԹתµĴܾͻܵһһƬ
תܶǲɶõս˫ԸʲôʧȥҲǰ취
ػҲû뵽һССǻǧתܣһǰͶԷɱһֱûн
Ȼ֮ôתܣȫǳպǳǿĹͣԴ֮Ը˴޾Դԣǲôǿս
ػߵͳڸǵʱֻٶתܣڽǵʱȫû
ͳŭ֮ǧǧתܣеתܶ˳֮󣬿ǧתܣ𾪲ѡ
ǣػ˵ھϵԴǧתս
Σ׽ǳˣڱУ
ַ￴ʮ죬ػߺ͵ƴץסǳպǳǿ
Ϊػߣˣ˭ԸԼߵתʧ
ԣⳡսעһ־սÿɧţ˵ºݻȻת֮µ˻ƴһˣûʲô塣
ַڿһ֮Ŀȥˣ֣죬ػߵĳЭ飬˫һս
Ȼػߵ˻ԵתĻץסԴ֮ˣһҵģ
ǸͳԶʳģǵĴ̫࣬Լߵ޷ֿԲ֪ͨԼĺѣھϲǰЭæ
һֱΪץסǳպǳǿ˵Ĺִݣԣûȫ
ڣ˫Э飬˫Գǧתܣץǳպǳǿˣʱ˱ץסˣһһ
ǳպǳǿսһһ˹˶ˣͳҪ⳥ʧһʵĺ˿
ΪԮģԮȫԲ£Ҳ뽫ͳߣԼԶʳͳߡ
Ҫǳ֣ͳֻܽܡץסһԴ֮ˣʲôʧֵã
ǧתܣֻǧͳǧתܼǧǵĳڴ
ͳǳշһͨ棺ǳգһλᣬߣʲô¶˵ҪսֻǸΣһΣ㲻ӦĻҾ
ޣǳǿΣһҲӦΪʲô
һ


䣬ͻȻ촫һ󾪿ֵĲҽȻ걬
챻ɱ
˴󾪡
˵ĿⶼλãһƮƮꡣ
ֳһƬžͳڵλתܵĺ󷽣ôֵģôɱ˵ģûܿ
ǿտմϲַ硭
ʦ𣡡ַصǳյ˵ͷ
ַתܵİΧ֮Уû˸Ҷ֣еתַܶϸܵǿҵѹѹѹһļ¡
תǶףǰǲɿģΪǴǵϲŸоѹ
ַĿ⿴Զ˶ҹ
˶ǼǰһΣַŮȥػ˵֮ͨУϷºǸˣԱףھϵĹ
˶ַ󺰣ŵĿڵϣæͶ˶ַûϳҲΪǰǸתĴܣǰתô˸һȥ
ַ繧ĵʲôˣҶе£ºһһĽ
Ĵ϶֪ܶܶӵ֣϶֪ǰǿһھͽгԼӵ֣ɱ⣬϶Ϊӵַ硣
ַ絭ĵǸǵĵ£ôңˡΪĶӣػ˵ˣΪĶӣҲȥ˸ǣ˸ǣ


541 ߲ʱ
ǵĵ£һ֮֮ϵߣ
ػ˵˾
ַĻ鶼ˣôǿĳǿߣΪԼĶӣ¶Է˵ˣ
һƳ˹ȥ˶ڿз˼ȦȻŭ˵ôλˣ
˶ޱȵı״ˣҸͲʶˣҾûмˣ

һ룬ַ˶ǰһץ˶죬˶߸ߵ
ϸˣûмô
ʱַֻ׶ԶתҲַֻʮ֮ԶҪַ緢ͻϮĻõʱÿ˶ôû˸Ҷ
ԷȻǵİΧȦҾôѵôЩһǻ˾Ȼ뵽һ㡣
˶ַ磬˺þͻȻһ󾪺㡭
ַһѽ˶һߣûң
ϳĶԷŭ˵㵽ôλˣ
һңû뵽겻СӵΪôߣ
ҡ˶֧֧ᣬ֮ĵʱȥػ˵֮ͨУҡҿţռǣɱˡҡ
׻
ûϷ˼ţ㵹ǵϷĺãϷǿߵţ˶
ǡ˶ǵʱΪֻдת
һѽӳɣ˶Ѫ
ַЦʱҺȥػ֧ԮģĶӾȻɱңռҵţ˵ôأ
һԼĶӣתܶǰǿߣǿڿ϶ػ˵ˣ
˶һҧ£ҷ⣿
ַҡͷҲ⣬һ㶼⡭
亹ǣ£ô
ַ絭ĵҪɡɱȻͳߵȫɱ⣬ҿԿһ£һ·
˶ѣǵ˻棿
ַѾħҲ֪ħǴ˵ѵģɱӣɱͳˣұ֤һë
ã
ףҪ
Ǻ֮ˣһ˶ӵ飬һĺ˿˶ꡣ
ޱ飬ӣⶼǵĻԼҪе
һҽ֮У˶ɢ
ַΪĺ಻ѣˣַ϶ţԼĶӶɱ̫ˣ
ͳǱߵ˿ľٶǾһ亹
ǵھϵĹѵҪɱô
ĶҲ·һ
ɱڣϵļŤţҲôǰλǿǰתܣһϣҲ·һ
ڣһϣҲҪץסᣡ
ǵͳǺѣǷԴ֮壬ֻҪܵϢҲֻ֪ͳ㵱ֵܣŽҪô
һֿлһ˿ɱĻΪĻŹأ
һֱ쳣ʹ࣬ͣԼɱЩˣֿУ
ͳߴܵͣ𡭡
ǾǱѣ
ѵҪȥһ޳ܵСô
ڿҪҪͳһ𿹵Уں漸ܵĻ׵ļŭ
ɫһ
ɱһ
һ£ǧתͳǱߵĴܡ
ͳѾַɱЩȺףÿ˶ǿս
ЩжǳߺޣڵҲûʲôԼɱÿ˶ŭ졣
еתܳ嵽ַɱַ磬ЩתܣûһܽӵסַһУ
κǿĹַǰޱȴ
ʱ˶ˣַǰתܣ
ַڿϷһ㣬һֱսȻЩߵĴܣַÿռ˻
ʮ֮ͳǱǧתһɶת֮µʮǵҲɱһɶ
תҪɱЩת֮µĴ׾٣οǧתһϣȫɱ
ǿ֮Ѫãûһߡ
߻ٶתܻš
ַڿô
ַ˵Բᶯ㣬϶ˡ
ַתͷǳʹһɫ
ǳǧɱ˹ȥ
ŭ
ַת˵Ҳ㣬˶ʲô£ǲǱ˶㶼Ҫͷϣ
֮ǰַֻ磬Ϊַǵµݣַһܰתǿߣɨ޾ǿյǿߣ˵϶һԾŶ
ǣ̫˽ַˡ
ٶǧܵΧ֮£ܿɢ
ʱǳյ˷ַ硣
ⳡսʤȫΪַİæҶַ綼ǳм
ǳվȵַ磬ͻưתˣ
ַͷ
ǳռѣΪʦתͻƵģΪʦƿ޷ͻưת
Ȼʦͽ̣
ַԼľȫˣ˶
ˣַΪʦȥչˣǸɶȻˣǰɣΪʦ˺úõɡ
ǳ˵겻ַӦһ̲ˡ
ַ簡ذҲȥչˡǳǿҲˡ
ȵַ磬㷽˵ҲҲȥչˣҳ˺úõĺϼ
Ҳ׷ַǡ
ַˣַǳպϼȫչȥˡ
ַҲûйǵǳأַ紫͵˲ʺǸ
ΣַһҪħ;Ůɱ
ַվڲʺǳڸֱÿռ͵˲ʺ֮ڡ
ſڵַʧԭأǷ׷һ㶣ǵΪַ֪Ѿڲʺ֮ˡ
ַ߸ߵƯڿУϢʺǣȣħŮӹ
ַ˲ʺǵÿһ䡣
ʺ˴󾪣ǿ߷׷ַλÿ
ӵʱ䣬˽ַΧǸַܵϵǿϢû˸ҿǰ
Ůַ׿⡣
ַڿŮǲһŮ
ࡢݡȫɢʥϢһֲµĸо
ַжϳŮľǴת壬ܰתҲԶˡ
ŮƽĿַ磬ҴӸµϸܵ˾½ϢʸǲǴӾ½ϵĴܣ
ַŮﻹǷǳģϾǹŴ˵֮еŮĴҲػߣŮ洲죬춯ء
ַڱŮǿжŮǳ𾴡
ֱַֻӴΪϴε£ϴַҪʺǣ㱻ĴܰΧ˵ַˡ
ԴӳΪ֮Ů派ѪҲɢˣҪȻŮһܸӦ
ַҲƽĵŮСʱҼǵҼиҼǵÿµĳһʮ壬Һ趼㣬ߵͷڣû뵽ܼŮ
ĵ׵£ַЩʱַ绹£һСƨʱַΪŮϵҲַе
ڣַ翴ԼСʱе
Ůܸоַǳ𾴣ַĻֿЦõĸо
ȻַĻҲ֤ˣǾ½ˡ
ʸմǲʺΪ¡
ַ絭ĵҽַ磬ŮӦ˵ɣ
Ůɫ΢΢һ䣬Ǹַ磿
ԣҾǸַ磬ϴβǵ壬ɱǸַ磬ΣǰǱģֻҪŮｻħ;ŮϴεҲͲƽϣǲǾ⡣
Ůϴε£ҵʱҲǷǣϾ̹Ŵٵش棬ػ棬ʱ˾ŮƬ֮ʣŻ³çľ¼£
ڵŮѾùܾŮ˵ĻǼٵˣǰǲܿģ
ַŮһֱ𾴵ˣ²ҲĻӰҲܹĶݣһֱ硢ħԿͷȴҪɱңҲƽϣϾǶǾ½ˣ㽫ħ;Ů
ŮʱͻȻʲô㣿ǵں֮ǺһǸˣ
ûŮϳˡ
Ůʱ֪ԼǴַˣַ磬²µǸӰֻһ˿ʶ֮һҪĲ׽һ˵Ϣ̫ˣԺϳһ˵ġ¡
Ů׿ԼǸַرС
Ůħ;Ůأ
ַоŮһֱûлشַ⡣
Ů̾һħ;Ůϵۺ͵ҵġ߲ʱȻʧӰ٣Ҳǡ
ַȻ߲ʱʲôã
Ů߲ʱҵõʯ½Ǹ漴ֻвȫ˾½ȱڣתܱסǵ档ʱҲûа취סǵ棬ǵ̹Ŵ񽻸ػ棬ҲǵڳʼھͻΪ֮ʱһˣ˵кɣ߲ʯҸ߲ܵʯϵ߲ʯȫҺɣ뽫߲ʯѰ޾ǿҲҲˣڲ֮ʱҵĻӰ˺֮ǣ߲ʯ飬ֻУһ˲ʯҵһξѪ˲ʯ֮ڣҵĺˡ
߲ʱʣµ߲ʯ̺ϵҪԴҪǿȺҪǿǣҪ߲ʱΪҪڰתϣֻҪɺ֮ͺ֮
ҷΪ֮ǰҺ;ŮϵǳãͰѾ½Ϊ֮ҺħһһЩɣۺϵΪŮ֤Ҳǡ
Ҿ˾ͻ;Ůһ죬ϾǾ½ˣϵҲǳУҶûκηһ߲ʱ£Ҳ˲ã߲ʱˣŮħҲˣѺڴϵۺҲˡ
ʱҲ֪Ůħϵۡһֱı͵ҵ߲ʱûǳɹˣҲɹǱˣôɳǣټ
ַһˡ
ַȻˣһ죬ٻֵģħ;ŮԲָԸµˣȻǲŮǣ
ֱַӴ˳ȥ
ַֻȥˣַʱûдȥħ;Ů޾ǿһˣֻҪǲôͨҵ
ַֻܵȣȴħ;Ů³һ졣
ַչַҪͻƾתϣݼȳ
תתǿ壬ͽͻưת֮ʱķһҪĺ˿һֲ֣


542 
ַչһǧ꣬ľȥ˿ȻںϳɾƬΪ
һǧٶַ꣬㵽˾תͻƿڣһֱͻƲˡ
ַ֪Լȱսȱս֮еĥֻһζıչأеˣҲ޷ͻƣ
״ˣҪսػ˵븸״˷ս顣
ַҵ֮󣬵һ仰˵⡣
֮սս飬ַڲûǸʸģױ麯ַ縴ɡ
͵ĵ˵ͷһǧַ꣬Ӱתת壬ٶȣĪ
Щ̾ҺԼˣǵˣ̫ˣ
ַǵˣսĿûַİ϶ͻƲתַҲ˵
ѾͻƾתıԵȱٵս֮ĥֻҪĥһЩʱգͿ˳ͻƾתˡ麯սǵ
麯͹ȥĵڶ죬ػ˵ĴӦַս֮޾ǿվս
ϴػ˺͸˴ս֮ʱһ֮ɱػǧ֪ѾͻƵתս֮Ը˷սػһζӣ֮ڹŲ
ıչأҪͻƴܾת֮ٺ͸˾ս
ҪͻƴܾתҪǺεǿ󣬾ץݼһṩҲ̫ˡ
Ƕİɳǿð临ǵ޾ǳ֮ϵɱܣռ˿
Щռĺ˿ṩ˶ģ
ıǴܰתǿߣڴܰתѾ꣬һǧ޾ĺΪڵͻƴܾתٽ㡣
֪ԼҪսͻƣһãصİæİתսתֱӾһͻƴܾת
ԣҪսûж֣Ͱת֮µЩ˽ֶɱ޷ĥȥսܾתĻǰװ
ҪһܰתǿߣǷ޾ǿգֻԼһܰתǿߣ
ڶΪ¾޲֮ʱַս飬Բסһ˷ܣӦ
֮˫սԵңң
˶սģⳡսû˵֮սΪ֮ľսÿսƽճ
ת֮ս˭Ҳɱ˭ֻгԽ˲ɱԷ
ַѩǿ֮нĿ֮ȫĮȻ

Ⱥ֮ϣһɫӰٵĿѷĽһĴַ̽
Ŀԣ˵Ŀ⼸ͬʱ˶Է񣬶˫ĿһֽʵʻĹâ׾֮ײ
䣡
һ͸Ӱε˷ȥսʮս֮˱ɣ𵴣Ѫ
һĻ𾪲ѡ
˲ûгֻ֣ĿԾͲ֮ǿ
д֮ܵУ֮Ľ֣ȫú˿ȥشˣκ޷Ĵܡ
ǣ˵Ĺȫ˵ⷶΧ֮ڣߵĽսԺԾεĹӰȻ˵ܣ⵽ʲô
ַ֪һŮˣھսǰϦַ綼ûȥ˽ػ˵ȻŮҪַսĵĿֻһǽԷĥԼԼͻƴܾת
˶ӵһַ̣ͶͻȻͬʱһֹֹεײһ
ͬʱоˣͻƴܾת
˶׽һ㣬ʮ˴ˣ
İ֮Ϲŵ΢ЦЦӷǳᣬַ֮пϲ
ַ磬Ҳﵽ˰ת˰ɣսΪͻƾת
ʵĺֱӣͬҲڸַ磬ҺսҲΪͻƣ
ǡַ絭Цţԣ˲ŻҺһսȻս֮ͻƣ˭ͻƣһ˾Ի
ЦûǸ˾Բң
ŶСΪôţѵС㲻֪ϴҲμ˫սʱҲתܣŹ˽ǧ꣬ѾǰתܣתʱɱתܣСôǶûͻƣҾɱ㣡
Ц֪ΪͻƵĿ죬ˣڰתľ꣬Ҷ԰ת˽͵أ˽٣
ַԺ󵭵Цţʱ䳤ֻ˵˲·˵ʲУƾЦɾɱң
Ц˵սɣ
˵꣬ӰһѾַ֮޾ĺǧ⽣ַ˹
˵Ѿ㣬ַû˵ΪͻԼľ磬ȥ˵һҪͶʵʵսԼͻƲȫİ
ԶĵĹַͬıͶԷĺԺȥ
˵޼ٶҲһڶԺ֮»ΪΣ˼ͬʱӰһٴԷǿĹ
˴췭ظӰ׷ԲλýǸ˵ĳٶȺֻһıըʹӱը֮дӰ
ʮӣ˶ƾУ˭Ҳκβ˶Է˭ҲɱԷ˸оͨǵսͻƵֽһֻǷ΢Сһ
Ȼ΢СһҲϲѣֻҪôսȥͻơ
ܿ죬ʱѹ˻ǲʤʱ˼ͬʱ֣սѾûκˣһֱͻƵĽŲֹͣˣ
ҿҪͻˣ͵ɣ
ôҿںһɣǲĥûˣ
һ㶣Ҳ
ַͷͬʱ֡
ս˶ˣ˴ŴôͻȻأ
ַûͻƴ֮ǰ𾳽֮µʱÿοͻƵʱֻ֪ͻˣ˭Ҳò׼ʲôʱͻƣͻ˴֮ÿͻƵʱ򣬶֪ԼȱʲôԼҪʲôͻƵľǶĺܾȷҾǲԼԼѹԼԼǵսʼʱһãŴûˣǲ̫Լͻˣսı壿
ĵ˵еҸоĳ㲻ɱңʵҲɱ㣬ȥӲԼս
Ŷַ粻⣬Ϊʲôɱңô֪Ҳɱ㣿
ĵ˫ĴڶǱ˴Լ˴սŮɱ㣬һƴģɱңû˰תܳţܿͻɢҪǵǿ˶࣬ڲһƬңթĶǣǵȻ˲࣬ǷǳŽᣬҲû˵ѣνһģǵһɢңǵڲͻᷢңϵɱϵͻΪУҪˣΪػ˵ĴڣԼŸϵɱϵ߲Żˡ
ַȻҵȷɱ㣬ҲɱԸʵҾɱ㣬ڲͻңʱǱ˻Ļ˻Ὣɱ¾չϵǲ뿴ҪΪǵĵˣԼǡҪǣǸ࣡ȻҼ˸ǣʼǸ࣡ҲһˣҲɱ¾ҲѪ
ǺǡЦ˻һսɣֻҪһսͻƣҪȻ˭ҲͻƲˣΪ޾ǿգֻתܣںǲùˣҪȻǶ˼ɵ̫࣬ͻѹǵԣ޷ͻˣ
ַãǴڿʼǾȫһս
Цʲôƣȫʹɣ
ã
ַ绰䣬ĵӰѾʧˡ
ã
ַоǿռĿ϶Լĺ󷽣Լһ
ַ粶׽ĵϢַܹܶĵĹ
㴫͵ҺǰɣҴ͵棡
ַ͵ʮ׿⴫˹ȥ
ڴ͵Ĺ֮УַʹáӸı䴫͵㣬ַѰҵ˶ĵλãֱӳǧ֮
ĵȷռͻϮַ磬ַ󣬺ݺݵúַ磬ıַ֤Ƕ㲻ģܻ
Ƕıķ֣ĹˣһΣ
һֳַͣҪַ֮ʱֲַˣ󡭡
ս˶ˣǸ׽Բô
ַ磬Ҳռ
ַЦ˴˱˴ˣҵĿռɱˣô
ģô棿
ַȣˣ
ͻȻĿԼΪģ׿˷ȫַӰ
Цҿǿռ츳֮壬ұȿٶȣ䶨ˣ

ĵӰҲͻȻʮÿӰַӰߣַӰɢ
ĽַеӰɢ֮󣬷ûһַ
ףأ
أ
ַӰͻȻڶĵĽŵ£һǿĺֱӴӶĵĽŵװֱӽĳɡ
ûˣֻ㲻ΪʲôַԼ棿
ַ磬·ûˣô
ַЦ˵ҵĿռԱ
ܣ
ĴһĴٶַȥ
ǣ۶Ķô죬ַ綼
ץסַĴ͹켣ı䣬Լ󣬵Ǹı䷽ַ֮Լǰ棡
ǣǰ󶼹ֳַ࣡۶ôȥ׽ַĴ͹켣򲻵ַ硣
ַС㣬ҾˣĿռôΪʲôûӮأ
ĵʱҵĿռûдɣڿռ䲨²ܴͣſˣҸо㲢ǿռ츳ʣĿռôǿңҴĴ͹켣ϲ׽˲ǿռĹʲô
ַֻԺͶ׽ԲأַĥԼĿռòһռַ֣ôܴ᣿
ַȫϿռʱͰѶĴˡ
ַʱҳĿռǿҵʱͿռһҵĶ֣Ҫ׾٣ҪɱҲ޿ܣ
ʱ
֪ʱͿռϵĻ϶ǳͬ޵ˣĻǵһμ
ΪʱͿռģ
ĴȣɣҵҪ㵽жǿ
ϵĺͽȻϯ﷽Բҿô㣡
ַո֮ڵɢ˷ַΧۣĵӰԲ˼ٶȳַͷϷַ£
ַͣ˷﷽ԲǶĵͿռϢڿٵԶӣַôͶӲĵΧ
Щ˲ַ磬ַδͣĶܸɢŵ׽ַĴ͹켣Ӷĸַߣ


543 ܾת
ַʮΣһֱַ磬ĵĹûΪͶͣ
ҲУ
ַ缱æϷȥ
䣡
ַ类ҵ·ַոշӦһǿӽŵװַղԸһ
ַ类˸߿գַιˣֱ߿չȥַˣĵĹԼ
ַٴαҷɣһ𵴡

㣬һֱᲶ׽ַĹ켣ַ޷ͣôȥͶӲĵĹ
㵽Ļڵڶʮ˴ι֮½ַˣڵڶʮ˴֮ʱַ˱ѹѹȵͻƾתǾתٱĵĴͺӰ죬ַˣַ֮б
˵㣬ַ羪һ亹
ѾǶĵĵڶʮιˣ
ַ˵Ľš
ڶʮΣֱַɡ
ʮΡ
ʮߴΡ
ַѹԽԽڵ˱Ķ㡣
ڶʮ˴Σȫ湥˫֮бѾַͷİ֮
ʱ򣬾ַ֣Ҳܽĵĺȫȥ
һַضˣ
һϢַַ꣬оʶ֮һܣ޴ѹ֮£ַͻƵߵһٽ㡣
ۿĵĺҪַꡭ
ɣ
ַüĳһ޵ĺڶڶ﷽Բɢĺȫ⣡ĵĹҲɣ
ַͷ亹ϵڽ٣Ĵ󾪣˳ٵķΧ
Ĳûȥƻ٣ΪûͻƵܲסתٵĹһȥͻ
ת쳣ֲһƮַͷඥ£
ַ屻žһַתս˶ܸܵǿǿ˵
ַͻƣ
ģˣ
ڹȥַͱش£ٿ϶˲ַ硣
ַƶǿѹѹĶĴ
ַɱڣһӣ޵ĺӶĵͷ¡
ôһȴԼĴȫʧЧЩһ㣬һΨһܶľȫ
һҧȫĺַĹֵȥ
ֻһ˲䣬ĸû뵽ַԼѹ֮ͻƣȻԷѾͻ˾תתԲԼܿģ
ҲҪҵ
ػ˵˫ǧڶڿ˫սĿ϶Ҫƴ䣡
һ̣֪ԼˣǱǰδеһݺݵַĹ˹ȥ
һ˲䣬ķִܾתͻƵ㵽ˣǶֵһҲʱˣ
ʱͻƣַĹͻ٣϶ĸղűȫһڷǳʱս׶ΣһգҲҪ
ʿɲԴ֮壬ûش޷ٵĹ
ս˶Ϊıɣ
ǣ֮ʱĵӰȴʧһ׿⡣
Ͷһַ硣
С٣壬Ҫˣһῴġ
ַ紫֮Ӱٴʧ֮ٺ۾һ򶫷˹ȥ
ַ߶ֻһʱ䣬Ƕڰת˵һʱ乻ָһ
ѾĶĳԶַͶһм˿ַ̲֪ͻƾת֮һΪѹԼͻƣ
ַɱ˶ģȴǡǡ෴˶ġ
ڽ٣һپĶѪҧ֣
ַǰͻһ㣬תڶĵ棬Ƕĵʸûа취ַȣٵʴŶĵ壡
ĵıһʹ֮࣬ŤǶĻҧĳ
ٵĵʴһƬãеȫˣ
ڹȥŻûһ˿ƤĶģ˶ǵһ
˿̶ĵͺ񱻴չ֮ĸʬһоûһ쳣Ŀֲ
תʴܵǿȻָķǳûмʮ߼ֻ߸ʱǻָˡ
ҡһֱ˱ģ
֪ⲻǻΣǴ졣
ȸԼһЩµ壬ڸȫƣȻЩƤ֯͹Ƿǳģ֮ǰĸ޷ȡ
˶ͻ˾תǶϵϢַĺܶ࣬ⲻǶ˵ԭΪַԴ֮壡ͻ֮ͻƣֻһֶѡ
ûٽ֣ӶЦ
ԶƮȥɵҲתͷĿĿַ磬лл㡭
֮󣬶ķػ˵ķ
սڽҶû뵽˫Գˡ
⣬һ£
ַ׷˶ġ
С㣬ȵȣ
ַ紫ξ͵ס˶ġ
Ŷʲôô
ַС㣬ģһǧǰץһѣܲ飬ѷˣݼҵŮˡ
ЩΪˣַ磬ݼСԴ֮壬ҲǵĹͬãҴû˵ˣǶ֪ˡ
ַЦ֪ǿݼԴ֮壬ðɣҴӦ㣬ҰԴ֮壬ݼô
˻棿
ûйľȣΪݼݼǱ˸ġ
ַЦΪһƭ𣿡
ãǷһҿ϶㣬ڲȥǵҪǾ棬һὫݼ
ãλʣǣ
ţǣ
ַȫû뵽εľսһϲĽճ
ַطȥ·Ͽͺ¡
˶ĿݺݵĶַ硣
ĵַ磬Ǻ͵˾սأǺ͵˴أ
ַȻʲô
Ҳղžʱ򻹱Ϊô
ǣովսʼ˾üĿ飬ȻŴ죬ĵȻ죡սߵʱ򣬶ĻعͷֶüĿ飡
ɶǣ׷˹ȥ
˵ǲǿ˼ң
Ҹ㣬ĸͱŮ˺ãȻ
ַͷߣҽ͡
죬˵;Σ
Ҹ㣬ԺԲǵ£ǾԲ㣡
ԣ
ַںûԼֵܣǰкߵĻЩŮǻԼӣأԼȫǼŮ˵Ķְ
ȻŮξǳԴˡ
ڶ죬ַ˳ȥڼݼ
ݼǺͶıı߹ġ
ݼԶԶĿַ֮һ˵ַ绳
ǧû˶оա
Ϊ֮ÿ˵ľҲıˡ
˵ǧʲô޵ǧֻһɲǵ£
ַ˷˺Զַ֮óء
С㣬ӣͿԸˡ
ô򵥣Щɻ
ţô򵥣
ûлʲôȥ
˷ܵĴУַ磬Ůϲת
ַҺòǸˣǸ˵Ļһɫħ
ʮʱΪĸʣҲ۵ĳ˯ˣɼԽߣԽѸ졣
ΪԴ֮壬Ķַǧл󶫷ĸˡ
ȥַ֮Ůչء
ַҪŮҲͻƵת
ַߵľŬ
ǣַ緢֣ԼڵĺԲ֮Ҳû˽չ񾳽ֹڴһ㡣
ַȥء
زĵΪʲô˾ңûˣң
ַƲ죬ҲǴôŮôʲôģ
ðɣ˵ʲô£ǲϲȥˣ
š
治֪˵㱿Ǵһ;۶ôӣʵǷǳ򵥵ģ꣬ûеط洢ˣͿʼתƵ꣬Ȼ󣬾ͿȺתҵľˣ
ַʵʲô磿
ص磬Ҳ˵ľ磬ԲŽ磬磬Ҳһ磡Ҫ壬ֻȥ޾ǿյһطȥ
˵˵Ҫ־ʹסˡ
ַæʣʲôط
ħǣ
ϵַǳ˵ģ걬֮Ҳȥһطǡħǣ
ǳ˵ħϵǴܰתǿҲȥ
ַ罫ǳ˵Ļء
صû֮ȷħǣǻħ˶ЩԶŴҪ꣬꣬ɴĽݾ
ԶŴ񣿡
صǣÿԶŴﵽ磬Ƕڻħϵ棬һħϵԶˣҵľ磡
ַ֪һЩ࣬˵ÿ濪ٵصĴ񶼲֪ȥˣԭڻħϵ
ַҪħ֮ǰҪȥһ£ɱħ;Ů
ɱħ˺ַԼŮ˶ͻƵܾתȻһħǡ
ǰħ;Ůϵ˲ңڣֻҪ޾ǿַͶĵĹϵҲöæˣûġ
ԣ޾ǿ֮£ħ˾Σ
ܿ죬˼ȫѰħˡ
жԹϵͬʱѰĸˣ⻹ĵͷһΡ
֮ػ˵ҵۺϵۡ
ȻֻҪҵͺãҪɱǻǰץ
ˣַҪԶɱ
ҵۺϵ۵ʱŵĶܺĸ١
޾ǿÿһ·ͱòȻһЩ۾Իߡ
ܷȷǷǳϵۺ۵Ϊֻתܣת֮ܵ£ôȥκԻ󣬶ûõġ
ϵۣۡþò
һƺϤۺϵ۶ڣۺϵȻһѾһɫӰǰ֮
һ亹ֲ֪֮пǼ֮ڣôҪɱ˵Ļ׾٣
ЩϤףϵۺ۾ú
ǰȫûɢκεϢͺһͨһվۺϵǰ
ǰ˿϶ͨˣһǿߣ
ϵۺЩã;ֵɫַ絭ĵλôǧ겻˲ʶˣ
ǡ
ַ絭һЦ
ϵۺַ磬⿴ƽʵħһЦϵۺǲǵġ
˼ͬʱȻһ׷׺ˣȫǾ֡
ǣۺϵƶַ֮ľ룬ַһʼǵǰ
ַЦӲҵĵģңħ;Ůʲôط
۵Ҹ㣬ô
ַһڻкּۻ۵ôңһʹһ㡣
ϵ۵ַ磬˺֮Ҳ㲻Уǰھ½˵ģ


544 
ۼæԣѵˣŵôôɱģӦ˲ŶԣȴһδεΪǣοйͬĵ˾ħ;Ů
˵ʲôˣ죬ǵڣ
ַҪ֣ϵͻȻ𣬡ٹҾɱӣ
Ҷӣ
ʱϵ۴ųˡ
ַͫһۣ
һǷۣǷ۵ץһʮͷꡣ
꿴ȥַƣ޳ֱ絶һ㣬һ˫۾ŵǵ۾һģһ
˿̣ĿݵĶַ硣
ۿַ磬Цַ磬ħ㵱ɱӣĶӶҪɱô
ַϢɨַ꣬Ѫĸо
ָоǰԺַѪϵ
һŵĺӡ
۶Ұģ죬ɱĸˣǰħƭĸףɱĸף
ҧгݣһƬѪ죡
ַ磬ңǲɱĸף
ڴַĴ𰸣еһжǷ˵ģҪַʵ
ַͶһ£ǣҶԲĸסе鶼һ⡭
ݺݵĴַĻˣ֪ľͺãҶַ磬Ҹ㣬ڲĶ֣첻ɱңҳɱ㣡
͸˾ַɱŵǣɱ˾ĸףɷϣַǾĸס
۸߾ǣַƭŪŵǣɱŵǡ
ɱĸ֮ܲ
ַ翴ľתħ֮壬ͻƴǳ¡
ַӾĿ֮иܵ޾ĺ⣬ַ֪ѾԼΪݵС
ַɱôɱԼĶô
ַѾԲŵǣѵҪԲô
ַ϶ᣡ
ַԷЦΪҶУǾӵĳҵô¸ǣǴܾתǿߣɨ޾ǿյǿߣ·һ
ַ
ŭַ磬ɥҪɱĶӣ
ַЦۣɱҵĸףɱҵĳ裬ɱʦɱˣƭҵĶӣҵĶΪУۣǺúݵֶΣ
һ㶣ɱ㸸ףɱ裿ʦô֪
۸֪Ϊħ½ַħɱŵ֮޹ȥҵǿ߸۴кۿҵˣһٰʮ˶ˣ۸֪Щַˡ
ַҧħ½ôǶʮ˶ɱģۣɣ
۴ЦΪʲôɱǶʮˣѵˣʱǻֵܣǺŵ˽㻹ǵôǿԳΪѣ˿Ժúõһ𣡿ǣһжΪɱŵǣĴһɱôɱŵǣɱҰŮˣеᶼΪ
ַɫַ࣬粻òϣһԼͦģֻҪ˶ַںˣַҲ뾡һа취ֶεȥ
ۣ˵㰮ŵǣ㰮˿ҵţŵǵȫ⣡֪ħ;Ůļƻһħ½㷽ۻõħ֣ʱħ㣡˵ôˣ㲻֪£ɱŵǣûûз
Ц֪ô֮ŵǾɱģһ˭Ҳ޷ıʵ
ԣʵַǣʱѾħȫħֵħԿƣɱŵǸҵı⣡ʹࣿܣѵҲʹôҲôɱԼţұʹ࣡һжħ;Ůļƻǲף
۴ЦôǱõģʼɱģ㲻ýƱˣûκġ
ַЦԼΪʲôҪ˵ôأɱôܣ
ǾǷģͬӣַɱ˷ַֻۣ磡
ַ˵е࣬þԼĺһЩô
ûǰɣַݺݵĵôǶɡ
ۿַɱ⣬ͫһַ֪һˣԲɱԼĶӣѵЩô
ַ磬㵱ҪɱԼĶӣ
Ҫɱ
ʱֹͣ
ھڷַһֵĻұ֤ۻ᲻Ծ֣ʱһǾ¾ð취
ռֹͣˡ
ַ罫˹Ȼһ˷ۡ
۵ľҲûеܾ磬ַҪɱֻᶯָͷûˡ
ɣ
ְַۺϵ۵顣
ַѰ˵ļħļ䣬ַҵˣħ;Ů߲ʱȥ˻ħǣ
õ˼䣬ַĳٵ˿ֱûϵۺ۵ꡣ
һ̣ۺϵ۱һƬޡ
ַ糷ȥʱֹͣתŶľ
߰ɣеһи׶Ჹ㡭
Ц֮ȫԹַ磡㲻Ҹףɱʦɱʦ棬Ϊһô
ַоһǰǸɼĸ׵Ǹ׳ħ֮޷ƲŷµĴҸ㿴ҵļ䣬һеġ
ַһѾ˾ߣְ˾顣
һζεļ仭˾ļоЩƬԽԽԼļһ㡭
ַֹ֮ͣ˼ĴͣҲ˵ʱһС
ᣬԭɱĸô֪˭ô֪˭ҹô˭ҹҹ̵ҵôʦۣʦϵۺۣʦһ㣬еһжǸģɱǣҪô죿ôˣҪҲȥ𣬻ߣŪңҪôȥôҺһô˵ô
ַףܵĿ̫ˣַɾЩʹļ䣬ֲַô
˾ļ䣬ʶȱڣ޷кܸߵĳɾͣӰ
ڵþôһУ
һԼĸףһǱɱĸףɱʦʦĳޣ
ڣַ粻ܾĻԾڵΪ޾ǿ޷ġ
ַ㸸ףǲɸıʵǶԲ㣬Եʱ׵Ϊı䲻һУ֪㲻Ըߣô״ȥһطɣﶼǾ½ˡ
ַԺҪȥħǣ϶ܽڸ˻ػˣڹϵûսᱬģһһֱֹȥ
ַҪһƽĻǾ߲ǡ
ַ罫ط˳ȥֻһӲʱ佫Դ֮塣
ΪΪֻ𣬶˵֮˵ʣûһѶȡ
ԼʳԴ֮壬ޱ𺳺ͼ
֪޵еģܸߡ
Ұѡǳ͡ʱռĹڸ㣬ȥ߲֮ɡ
ȥ߲ǣַŮŮ
߲ǵ˼ַ֮󣬶ַϵϢѹƵȻַս˫˫ͻƴܾתѾϯ޾ǿա
£Ҷ֪ġ
ŮҶӾԺҪȥһˣҶӾͽˡ
ŮЦİɣһչ˺þ
ٺ˾ַص˸ϵ
Ȼַ۷ʲô£˭Ҳ߲ܶǣ֮󣬶ҲͬʮŸϴ˭߲ܶǣ
ַҪԼĶӰ׵ַ粻֪ԼԺȥ˻ħǣܲܳ
ʵַ׷ߵľѾûʲôȤ𣬺ɨ޾ǿգǺܺô
޾ǿգûܴùַ磡
һ𣬲Ǻܺô
ǣеĳʼҪģеʼҪɱģǱҪȵģ
ҪͱǰȥħǣֻЩȥƬܽ꣬Ļܽꡣ
Ůһֱڱչַһȥħǣ˵ħﶼЩĴ񣬻ЩϹŶħȵȣ쳣ŮҪַȥ
ַŮҪȥԣǱҪͻƴܾתҲŴȥ
ⲻŮʼչˡ
ʵַһȥַ粻ŮȥʲôΣգΪ˵ֻҪﵽ߾磬ͿԳκοռ䣬κ棡
οŮһչأҪͻƾתҪǧϵʱ䣬ַԸǵȲôõġ
ַҲѳһŮͻƴ̣֮ǲܷѵġ
ַȥַȥȷѡ
ħǣֲҲ޷ͻƣԭ׷ĵطûȤȥģ޾ǿѾ޵Уһ޵еãΪλҪȥ׷ߵأȥħǣһȥҪ㿪ʼҽܲˡҪǣȥħûҪ£㲻һ£ûµĻţҲȥǸطɣ
ַЦЦ˵ͷ
Ѿ͸ַ뷨ַȷ¡
ַһȥ˻ħϵ
ħϵһǳϵҪػϵʮ
ϵģһɭĸо
ַվڻħϵıԵܻħϵһţûйԣȴַһַǳΣյĸо
صַ磬ЩǺһַӡͺ޾ǿյӡһķӡֻȥ֮Ķ壬˭Ҳûһ˳ҵİİɣ϶壬ΪҾһеָƣ
Ҫ꣬ǲʵת齻ֱ߶ѣֱģȥȥ⣬Ҫֱֱ߰Ťһȥ⣬ôܿôʵֱ⣬㳯һһֱֱͷʹﵽԲ·ϵκϰֱߵĸջȫᣡһֱͨ
ͻȻ˵ôַ࣬ʱַںܶʱҲĸо׽һ˿ԲģڸʱֻһЩĶһЩõĶǣ켣ͽƫĹ켣֮ԽԽԶ
һֻһõһףǰ淢֮󣬾Ӷףţǰиϣֶϣˤһӣϵˣʲôûˡ
ӡܼ򵥣ֻҪܾתͺӡ֮ϣͻὫӡ˺ѳһȱڡ
ַ˳Ĵ˷ӡӰһ˽ȥ
ȥ֮һأﲢããǿգһǳ硣
һƬһȾϵ̫ůռƯĴ½
ַоܵŨĺЩԵĺͺ²ԣĿռһ


߲  


545 µĿʼ
ַȫޱ̹ĸоַӾķ֣ΧĺԼڣ
ַ𾪲ѣ޾ǿҪôһ˿ĺеҪǧʱ䣬ȻôڿռƮɢţ
صʲôֵģҪ꣬ѾˣĺزǣҪپҪ٣ҪתƵ꣬ͱӵдܵƬǺö
ҵƬ
ַ緢ﻷˣʶɢǧûпһˡ
صʵǰڵ޾ǿգֻ޾ǿյһ䣬޾ǿ֮һûУΪܶϵ֮ľ̫ԶˣôͨȥͣҲҪù㣬ߣôԶľ룬Ҳûȥͨǿߣǲܳ޾ǿյġ
ַ类صĻĲᣬǰַڵ޾ǿգ޾ǿյ֮һûУ
찡
ַʵ޾ǿյ׶ûб߼ô
ص˵ޱ޼ʣҲ˵޾ǿҲһǿռһֻҪ㲻ͣĳһɣɹ޾£ͿԻصԭ㣬ʱ̫ˣûȥ飬֪㵽ʱ򣬾ͻ֪ˣκοռ䣬κ涼һԲεģѭģΪֻѭϢ
㻹ûиңҵƬ
صżʲôڵΪȥͱƬһƾͻᱻڣҪֲȻǼĸȻıǿ֮ǰ꣬ÿ춼תܴӸ޾ǿɱǳֲ޾ǿսǸƨ
ħǣֽ磬磡ǧ濪ٵصĴǶǴӾ½ˣͱ̹ŴôûˣҲ֪̹ŴûУǹȥ
ַ𾪲ѣ̹Ŵ𣿡
Ϊǧÿǿ˹½Ҳֻȫһѣ
ַ֪طһµĿʼһжǴ㿪ʼ
ַָоеһƺӦΪﶼǸˣַΪ˺Ķ㣬Ӧþߵˡ
ַָķȥģַ翴ԶеˣЩϵϢԶǲͬģǶ֡
ַоÿӲԶ·ˣȻɢϢѹַѪӿ
ַ֪Щ˶ˣԼֻǴܾתѣҲЩȣһ󾳽磡
ûսûκìܣҶںƽദ
صսƬĵططսģȻҲһЩɱߣɱǿߣǵ꣬һǿߵ꣬ɼƬҪǿԣֻҪƬֵĵطɱ¾ս
ڷʮʱַ֮絽̹Ŵĵ̡
ռ䣬ûкҹֻа죬޾ǿȫһַĹ
̹Ŵĵһޱϵϵٿ
ַһȥ
ÿҲԼķӡ޾ǿֻ࣬һССĿռ乩ҳ롣
ַոչȥſڵʮӭ
ЩǶ˵ףַоЩ϶ž½ѪҺ
ЩϢÿ˵ϢҪַǿЩ˶ǿߣ
ַȻ½ôǿôٸжپ½ǿأ
صǿ߶Ǿ½ǸܶʼĻ֮ǿߣ½ͻѾڴˣкܶǿߣܺô
ַˣǰ˵²ľ½ֻһһʼڶѡ
£Ǹմ޾ǿս˰ɣ
ַ绹û˵ӭ˹
ַǣҸոսǵ
ֱַ˵⡣
ҵãĵ̣ɾͲôùˣǼһϢȻ
ַ֮类˽ȥ
ȥַ֮һΪ½֮ɭޱȣ˵һ㡣
ַԾı飬ǡ巽ۡڵ򣬾ϰˡ
巽ۣôϤأַڹŴ˵֡
ص巽۾Ƕ۲ݣĺͣź⡢Ϸ۶ʣ֮ǰǾ½ظˡ
ַˡ
أʲô֪
ޱȵĵǿ϶ڣÿ϶ҿ϶ʲô֪ˣκεϢӲҵķۣ
ַһ֮ڣȻַ罻һģˣȥˡ
ӳģ˿ַǰˮϢַ磬½ģšҲǾ½ˣҶ磬Ժ͸Ұɣҽк䣬ҵĶоŸֵܣڼʮˡסǵϴıź⣬Ժʲô£Ҫϴͺá
óһָ׸ǴЦĺɫƬݸַ磬úˣƬԺˣתƵԼ꣬Ϳˣǹ۵ϢԺϢˣ֪ǵˡ
ţģȥҸطɣɽȵͻ磬ңҴȥһʱҲˣѾˣˡ

ַûжʣ֮󣬾ڸɽ֮
ַ翪ʼƬ
ص˵ַ罫ڵĺȫгֱߵķʽƬȻ
ƬַĿ֮¿ٵСȻһͺһַĵ
ַ罫ɺƬϵѾĺ֮ȥֱ
һ˿꣬ûκεų⣬ʻ쳣һжǳ˳
ڶ
ܿ죬ַ罫ЩƬںϵĺȫ֮꣬ȫӦĴڡ
ַҪ꣬ЩûƬҲѵģɹ˾ͻƵһתɹĻҪѰµƬ
صҪôţֱӽ골֮ڵЩƬһĺεĽӿ֮ȻڵĺҲĽӿ֮ʱһںϣڵĺȻֱӽ꣬ȥȥ
ַ簴صĻȻǳ˳ѹĽڵ֮
һжˮɣڴܵĺʼӿ꣬ʮӵʱ䣬ַѾյģȫ꣡
ڵ޷
ռ䣬Դǳ򵥣ռ䵽Ǻַ翪ʼΧ޾ĺʼգȫ֮ӿȥ
ʱַ֮оװˡ
Ȼܵ궼ޱ޼ʣַо֮ڵĺҲޱ޼ʣֻǸоʵ˵һκοռ䶼ԲΣνޱ޼ʣֻҲ߼ʶѣ
Ƭʼɢʧ֮ڡ
ַûаͻƵĸо
صȽأǸڶҲ֪ʲô겻ǲͻƴܵģ겻ôһȱڣȴͻˣһ㣬ҴûмƬǹһ㣬ͻƵһתƬڶˣŵûͻƣҪͻһתҪƬȥǸϴҪɡ
ַҲ֪Լʲô޾ǿգǳһô굤ַˣȴûʲôá
굤þǲȫģǶַȴûá
ַٴҵ˺䣬˵Ȼû˵Լ֮ڵĺڶ
ʲôҸղŸǸƬˣ
ַǣˣҲתƳɹˣûͻƣҸоƬԶϴҪٸҼٸҾͻˡ
ϵ
һ˵һƬҪʮϵʱ䣬Ҫת꣬ҲҪǧϵʱ䣬һȥûʱͽתˣܲôκ֪¶𾪵⽹ۣ
˵ɶٸмٸĻԼȥˣһôǳȥÿһ񣬲ŵõǸƬֵǷֵģȥҼٸ
˵ʵǸˣҪõƬ򵥵İ취ȥʥ֮ءѰƬ
޾ǿĴ֮ͻƯƵʥ֮أʥ֮Ҳһ򵽴ǴƮɢʶƬƬ࣬ʥ֮صǿ߸࣡ÿ춼иȥѰƬҲкܶսɱ֣ǵꡣ
ַϴҪֵȥʱҲҰɣҲȥڼƬ
㣿ȥ˾ͺãͷˣʱ˼һƾ㣡ΪƬôôʱҺֵȥʥ֮أϼ꣬һҲЩΪͣĵطֲȥֻܴΧѰңһҪֹ˶ɱǣ֪õһƬжô
ַΪˣǡϴҲûʲôƬ߶һ
һ㶣ûУûнгģÿҪĶƬЩˣԵĺȵöԼ죬ԶԶҲû£ǻҪȥһʲô𣿡
ַҲ֪ˡ
ðɣ˭ҵأɣȥҵļϻȥ輸뼸͹˰ɡ
ַ粻ĵ룿
ǰˣƬǣʱһεõ˺ܶƬˣҲЩײһЩҾ˵ֵˣҿȥҪһЩȻЩ˶˵ûɶôһƬǻǻġ
ַ绹ǲ̫˽ʣлϴˡǸϴЩ˳ʲô£˹ܲܣ
̾һܣֻǵ棬˭˼ǣĵϴ֮Уˣڼƣȫײ˭ǸÿĹƶȣȫǰʵ˵磬ʮֵܣͻƵĻҸպʮһתˣһת˶ţëҶʮһȥΪ̫ĻĿ̫ȥᱻ˷֣Ūûȫû̫СĻɱʮ˸պòࡣ
ЩһתͻƵתĻôȥĸˣͿתǸȦӣǸȦӶתˣͻתͿԵתȦӣԴƣҶΪԼΪսĶҪ
ַʣռǿˣת


546 Ƭ
ǿˣת̹Ŵתռ;ŸתǿߣֱľŸ
תǲ壿
ҲӦǰɣÿĴǶǴʼʱʹڵģתĿʼǶѾˣӦˣ
ַ羪̾Ҳ֪ˣ
ַʣϴǺ˭
ӦòɣźǴʼ֮ʱһȫ涼ǺɻûɣȻһЩٵأ档
ַЩԻˣҼɵĵӣǾ½
ЦɵĵӣЦеҲھ½ռ䣡
زΪȻĵǬ͹ʥʻȷǺɵĵӣֻǺھ½յĵӶѣǶǾ½ĶǿߣǿĻܴھ½ô
ַˣصĻԲм١
ͺһᣬȻַȥתĸˣ˵ַ걻˴ˣΪҲˣЩҪһЩƬ
˶ˣǻǸ˺һСƬ
˼ʮתǿߣЩ˶ǺʶģΪתҲǴһתȥġ
ַ翴ÿҪƬʱͷ˵ǳе˲Ͳ˼ˡ
ϾͿԿһתת֮Ĳж
ַ籾ֹûУַ簵ģԺһҪúñ䡣
һʱ䣬һΪַҪʮƬ
Ҫ٣ַ硣
ַҲ̫ҾҪܶࡣ
ȻƬô죬ҾΪ㻤ɣʲôĿҡ
ַû˵һллΪ˵ллûõģַѺԼİεļ
ַ粻׺ΪζԼôãַûʣַţԲַ磬Ϊȫʵ˵ĵطЩǿһǻµ˾ñˣô
˵ַΪôͣʲôõģ
ʵַãΪߵ̫ˣǧǰʮ˸ˣԺ֮˰˸ˣûµ䣬ںò״סһȻҪɽ
ַƬԱ߿š
һƬûмӾˣ㾪Ľ˳
ҪһƬҪչ꣡ǰһＸӣһﻹûͻ磡
Ӿķַ֣Ƭ֮ʱƬûһ˿ʧ
Ƭ֮ʱЩ߽ǿߣʱСƬҲʧһַʱȴûʧ
ֱӿĴˣľþòƽϢ
ںĿڴ֮УַСʱ˵ʮƬ֮ͻһת
ͻ֮ʱַͻƵģ俴ַһֵĳȥͻƣо治ѣͻ֮ʱ𾪲ѡ
֮ϵٻĺֲͬϢ˲ˣСǴ˵֮еԴ֮壡
ٽ٣зַ֣ͻ֮ʱ֮ǿȻԼͻ֮ʱʮң
ϽԶԶģӰ쵽ַͻƣԼ
ӹȥˣӦͣˣǺ䷢ٲûͣԴԴϵĶ¡
ֹʮ룬ûͣˡ
һӹȥˣûͣˣ
ʮˣٻڼоԼΣ
һʱˣջžģоԼˡ
ʵַͻ֮ʱֻһʱ䣬ٶַԼģַҪص壬Ҳڲϵպ
Ȼǲ֪Щġ
һֱʯ£ͣˡ
俴գֿϰַ磬૵ĵͣô
ϴôˣ
ַ翴˶סˣһ
Żһ½ǣ֪ٲ£ֻͻ֮ʱһΣԺõȥ٣ǲˣԶܳˣȥûˡ
Ǻ俴ַٽ£Ѿ𾪵Ŀľˡ
ȻѾ²⵽ٵĳٿ϶ַųйϵ
ַ罫ӵø˺䣬֤ʵԼĲǶԵġ
侪˵Ӳ־٣ܽʸԴ֮壿
ַǡϴѾǺˣˣҲò󡣡
˭˵ò󣿡ҵĺֻһԣԣԽϾԲԣĺ嵽ʾɴ˵֮еġ
ַ粻⡣
صֻкƿˣʶС
˵֮УӵкˣתͿƿκ壬ݺǧ棡
ַΪ˱䣬ظ˺ʡ
ʲǺѣΪѾµһָ߶ȣֻ˰Сʱͽʸɹ
ַ֮Ҳû˵ʲôлĻַһ˺Ƭû˵ллǽݶ
ַ磬ԺͲҪóˣסҪκ˿©˷κ֪鷳˶ֱ֪ﱾóϵġ
ַûô֪࣬£˳ӣַعرκµٵģַǲĵġ
֮󣬺ַȥ
ʥ֮һҰҪ̹ŴڵϵÿһҪǧϣ޾ǿս֮еĴܵ궼
Щܵ궼֮˿Щһ˿˿ռúȥۣͻƬ
ʥ֮мʥ̳ǳִΪܼĵطﱻŴռݣǾŸˣȥʥ̳
˭ȥˣᱻŴɱ
ʥ̳Ϊչĵ̣ܵƬҲԽԽ٣ʥ֮Χĵ̣Ƭٵĵطȴط
ں磬һתģЩ˶ΧѰƬԽǾԽߵǿߡ
һתˣһתĵ·ѰңԲȥתĵ̣ͬת˲ȥתĵ̣תĲȥתĵ̣Դơ
˳Խ˽ޣȥ˱˵ĵ̣ͻᱻɱ
Ȼ߽׵ǿǲͽǿߵĵֻ̣·ѡ
Χ̵Ƭô٣Ҷƴȥĵ̣ûκĵ̡
ÿ֮е˶ϵˣÿ̵ķΧÿ춼дɱ˵֮꣬ͬɱûи߽׵ȥɱͽ׵ˣ
ǾŴƶĹֻ֮ͬսԲ߾ɱ;ˣΪÿһתΪ֮Ĳ֮
һתǿ߾ɱһתǿߣһתǿҪɱڼƵһתǿҲ׾٣
ԾŴײƶ򣬶Թûκһ˸Ҵƣ
Ƭĵȼɵ͵߷ΪƬ֮֮衢֮ġ֮顢֮ǡ֮֮졢֮Ÿȼ
ÿȼ֮תһڸλҲ˵һڸƬ۳һ֮һڸ֮۳һ֮衭Դơ
ŸȼһתƬ
ַ֪֮󣬾һ¸ˣҲ˵ͻתҪһ֮Ҳ˵һڸƬҪͻתҪһڸ֮ǶٸƬ
˵ģһռҪá
ַЩĸоַڲ֪һתΪʲôôˡ
һռƬռ˼ǧռһڸ⼸ǧ㻹㻹Ҫÿ춼ʥ֮
ԣռвͨģɱ˲
žŸֵᳵ·һڳɽ֮Χһתǿߡ
ַΧһתǿ϶ܵ˹۵Ϣַ֪˶Լˡ
ǵĵ̣ҲĴӪǷǳȫģ˱ȫĴս֮⣬ƽʱû˻Ȼÿһ˶ǵĴӪû˻ȥÿĴӪ֮ڣƬĳʳСڷ֮һʱʱ̶̿ûõģĳƬĵطǸսﲻκ˵ĵ̣˭ȥѰƬʱ
˶ĮƺʮˣʮһСŶӣһŶʣ˰˸£ôͿԺͱŶӺϲŶӡ
ںһĴӪϸΧ͸ͨ·֮ʱֵǰսȥǵ
ַ磬ڻսʱҪעԼӰϢ֮ʮ˵ʶһ𣬴ѸɢĴѰƬҵƬ֮ռΣգʶʾ˾ͻϵ֧Ԯ̫ǿҪѧҲΪ˵õƬֻҪɱˡҪɱ˵ģô͵һʱӣǵĴӪӣ
ܿ쵽˻սıԵַ籾Ϊ϶˷ǳ࣬վڱԵ֮󣬿һ޼ʵɽ
ս̫ˣַоһͨҪ󼸱
ˣεʮƬɢַסˣʮ˵ʶӣҪ̫ԶʱǴϵ
ţ
ʮʮȥȻ͸ӰòϢûɽ֮С
ҵʶһģַܸܵ˵λá
˼ַ֪֮һʮˣܶҲ١
ʮ˵Ļʶһ𣬲ոպãʶ֮ĽҲңڴҵĿ֮ڡ
ΪǴҶϢСĽ״̬֮ǰУ̫Ļ˴֮ʶͻӰ´һҶ¶Ŀꡣ
ַҡڵ˽ȥֻϢѡ
˼ӣûпһˡ
صҸɣַ磬Χˣ
ʲôˣ
ǰ綼ǧ򻯣Ҹ㣬ղŴ߷ɹȥǸСһˣµһŴһˣǧ֮ǸʯһˣףѾˡ
ַʶȥܣķ˽°֮ǴȷɢһϢȻɡ
ַʵأôᷢ⼸ˣ
صҲ˵ôҾֻҪʲôطĴڣҾͶܸܵ˵αװӲҵķۣЩɾֹ֮˶ãҲ£ȥ˺ˣЩͣƶļһǣ϶˵ģ
ɽûоͷҲڼƵģҶαװҶõƬƬ̫ˣÿһõĻ͵͵ռõĻܶ˶Ժܶ˶Ըȥɱɱˡ


547 ɱ¾
ַҪɱˣҿɲѰƬҲãȥѰһڸƬ
صҪСˣɱһ˵Ļʮ˾ͻ֣˵սԷʽӦöһġ
ַЦɱ٣ҵʱͿռɣһתǿûҵĶ֡
صԶҪСԼĵˣ޵ˣʸСĵˣˣһǾɾ֮ˣѾ֪˵Ҷ׷ֻһˣֻӵ˵ҵѣͱ˶ôһƣǧģ
ַ֪㲻õģڰˣɱˣ
˿ַ̣Ѿɽ˺ַ粻Ҫ룬ַûǰС
ַ˵棬ʶܷϯȥȫǶǧ﷽Բȫһơ
ﶼϢʶַȴ⽫ʶ˳
ܿ죬ԶĸǿΣòƵĿ⿴ַ硣
һĵ£ʲô˼Ҫô
ַЦҪ֣Ҫɱǡ
ƾ㣿
ҲɱˣƵûа취ɣ
ַ粢һɱ֮ˣڲɱ˵ĻѵҪַռƬô
ַ϶
ԣַɱˣ
һĸˣַǳģʮַҲģ
һͬǿ˵սǲģսиеͣⶼʺͶƿһĹϵ˶˾Ǵ޾ǿ֮ţʵӰҲǺܴ
˵ģǿ׷ľǡ͡ˡÿǿ߶ǰٷ֮ʮϵ˶׷ˣǲҪ츳ҪԵҪʵĹ
׷ȵ컹ѣ׷˶壬ϼѣ
꣬ûдˡ˴ˣɢǧ棬Ǻɳɱˡ
ַһƿߣƿߣͬսûܴùַ磡
˿ʱͿռ䣬ǹ˺ϣַ֮ͬУǶٵˣڲ֮أ
ǰַʱͿռʱͿռսڣַѾʼѧƿأ
ƿʱͿռ䣬ƿ
ƿҲȫ
ãӵеȥսƿأƿȫ֣
κ˶ڿռʱģֻҪƿʱͿռ䣬綼Ϊã
˵˵߾磬ƿǧ棬ˣ
ַһ֣Ѿ˵ĹεϢ˵ͷ¡
ͬʱһ˵ٶȣÿ˶ΪܹܶԷ͵Ϯ
ʧˣ˸оԼǵʶڶʶڶԵѾ´壬ʲôû⣬ǵȴķǳ
˺ͬʱоʱڱǵĶڱǵ˵Ĺȴûб
˵֮һľ֣걬顣
ַ緢֣ռˣ걬֮󲢲ʧӰ٣Ǳһ˿˿ַ꣬óֻˮ򣬽Щȫռ
ڰصǿ߿һĻԹԵȥ
棬е˶ַ֮ǿûԸȥַһս
ÿ˶Įģһˣһģûȥı˵
ĸˣ˸һˣҲһˡ
ĸ֪ͬϢ׷ַķ˹
ַûӣҲӡ
ַҪɱ¾Ҫɱˣֻɱ˲ܳɳҲֻɱ˲ͻƣ
ַʶһһʮԼΧ
˶ǲͬˣ֪Ǹǵѣڿͣ
һϴ˭ɱǵˣ
ʱַŷ˸߿գɱǵˣķˣһɱģ
ķ˶ɫһ䡣
ÿ˶ַܵһתϢʮˣ治ɫ
ʲô
һϴ£㵽ʲôˣΪʲôҪɱǵˣ
ַ絭ĵɱˣҪʲôôΪʲôɱǵˣ˳˵õƬ֮⣬ûΪ˱ʲô𣿡
ַ˵֮䣬Ѿȫ֣ЩûһܻųȥڰصˣҲûһܻ߳ȥ
ϣ
һϴһ˶˹˿ߵ˶Ҳ׷׶֡
ж룬ɱˣ˵ƬǶûǰɱʮˣ
Сַ磬һɱĸˣ⣬һЩһתҪﵽתȫһ㣬ͬʱʮˣ˱ɣ
˵עЩȫ
ʱԿ죬ҲֹͣռַûƵĴ˭ܵסַĽŲ
ʮ˳֮ʱַӰѾһһҽУǿַһɱ֮˲ŷӦ
ɼַٶǺε֮죡
˷Ѿ֮ʱȴѾɱߺȫλã
жֲѣûӣֻս
ǣȴķ֣Ǹ޷׽ַһ켣
ռ䴫ͣȫ˲һû֪һ̻ʲôط
ڿռʱĽ֮£ַһûĻꡣ
ǿռߣǿߣ
ʮѾһˣǲŷַһռߡ
˭Ҳܲˣ
Щ׷ɢʮˣͬһʱоǰһһ̣֮һĴʹһĲҽ֮Уʮ걬飡
ʣµľŸˣޱȾֵĿַ磬ߵûˣûһս
ͬһת磬Ϊβô
һ˵£ѾɣαҪΪЩأĿΪҪһתɱˣڶתǶǿߣ
ַĹͬɱҵľֻһתͻתȻȥÿ춼ɱ˵ķʽ˵꣡
ַ缫ȻпıǮǾ仰ַ˵еЩġ
ЩҲûа취Ǹ߾˲;򣬴û˵;˲ȥ߾򣬵ǵ;ȥ߾ô
ַ粻ͬһ⣡֮Уͬ˵Ҳ٣Щ˺òѡռҪʱͬ޵ˣûУ
ʣµŸ˱ַ׾ٵɱַǵꡣ
ɱЩ˺ЩеӵӰ١
ַҪȥɱʱʶͻȻ֮ʶ
ַһʶǾʹѾˣ
괫˺Ϣַ˹ȥ
ַÿռ˹ȥӰֻ¾͵˺׿⡣
ַ翴ѾʣĸˣԷǱʮ˸ˣ
ԭһεڰзһܵƬҪȥռȴ˹ȥŭˣټͬ
õܣ׷ԽԽ֮࣬󣬺ܱټͬ飬Ǻոټͬ飬ͱԷʮ˸˶ס˱ԷΧ
Էʮ˸ˣֻܽƬǶԷ˲ϰҪɱ˺䣡
ΪַղսʶһֱʹÿռʱûнյϢոսϣַ͸˹
ַ翴ĸں͵зս
ò˵ԴӸԴ֮֮սǿ˺ö࣬һ˶˶ܿס
ҲǱȽʮ˸˵İΧ£Ҳֻ·һ
ں˵ҪԷƿ֮ʱַ綯ˡ
ַӰֻս֮˼£ʮ˸ӰÿӰͬʱߵĵͷȻ£
ʮ˸˶֪ʲô£ȻһҽУ걻ʴζܵʹ࣬ǿҲܲס
ʮ걬顣
һȻǴϲַ硭
ʣµô벻ַôһɱʮˣתҲ
˿̣Ҳ֪ˣַǸռߣֻпռɣڲȶĿռ֮˲ƴ͡
ַ絭ĵϴЩƬȫ˰ɣ
䲢ľգǵַ磬㻹ϴɣҵѾûʸϴˡ
ַ絭ĵϴԼ·Ҳ᳤õһʱһңôҾܸҵĽŲ͸һߣҸϣֻǰȴˡ
ַ֪粻ϴ󣬻ͲмϴַڵڶתǶǿߣһת򳤾õĻȥġ
ҶǴˣַ˼
ַ粻ͺֵܣַãЩ飬ԼҪѧ
ַϲѣϲֵǲսеʱֵܺѻΪԼ׸ҲΪַ㡣
ַǳϳǧҲǸϲַģַǵľԽԽԶַȥתǻһתɣʱǾͻΪˣ䱻ɱһתѵַҪȥǸ˱ô
ǲģ
ѵַ޵ṩƬôΪô
ܶ飬ҪԼȥ
ַַֻܱ֤ûȥת֮ǰһת򣬾Ա֤İȫ
ַ˵꣬ȥɱˣѾʣ⼸ˣףַѾͬ·ˣҪԼ·
ַѾˣʸԴ֮壬;綼˺ö࣬ǰһ˴˾Ժܳڣһܿ˻߰˸ˣ
Ѿˡ
ַһ·ɱʮСʱɱ˰ǧˣ
ȻڼƵ֮ɱǧ˲ַ࣬ǽʶȫɢֻҪҵ˾ͿɱǷһ㣡
ǧûʲôһ֮ȥɱǧˣûгֹ
ת˶û
ַȴˣǺ˵ˣַɱԽ࣬˵ɱ¾Ľмǿ
ַɱ¾ЩԶ˸ַܵʶ֮Ƿɢ
һʼʱ򣬺ܶ˶Ըַ磬ǵǳȥԺ󣬷ûܵסַһУ
û˸ַˣַ羭ĵط˶Ķӡ
ַ鵽һת˴аϣ̫ˣÿ춼аϵҲаϵ˽ַÿ춼ڲͬһˣôˣǾţһë
ַ˰꣬˵Ѿһָ߶ȣǰÿɱһַļޣÿ춼ɱϣ
֪ʲôʱַѾĮȻ
ˣҪԷҪ˯ֻǾƣָһ¾ͺá
ַоԼһ̨ɱ˻һ㣬ɱ˺񶼲ͺһȺһ㣬ɱٶˣַֹˮ
żַҲĵѾõļ䣬Ǹƽ
ڣַȫһɱ˲գ۵Ķħ
ǵģַģԴӳַ֮һֱڱ䣬ڱַԼû뵽


548  Ľ
ʱַ룬ԼΪħ;ŮΪ˾Ȼؽ飬ôЩԼɱˣǵѣֵܣҪԼأ
ǲԼִ̫ˣַ籾һĮȻˣֻǣַֻںԼںˣˣַ⣡
ַɱˣÿ춼ڳɱ¾֮С
²棬ÿ춼ɱ¾֮УһħԴ󷢣ħ
ǿߣɱٶ˶ħκҲħ
ֻأˣܻħ
ܿ죬Ѿȥַ绹һֱɱˣַ粻֪ԼҪɱˣռƬַ綼ûգΪҪͻתҪռƬɡ֮ٽ֮֮ͻơ
һڸƬһַֻ֮ռ֮һƬѡ
һ죬ַһˣҲɱˣַһһɱַַͬһޣַ緢֣õǿռûʱ
ɱ˼ǧˣȻת׿ַ磬׼ȥȴͣ
ΪַԼǹһ˿Ļȡ
ɵôɱ˼ǧҲܣ
ȻǱ˲ܣ϶ǺԼһս֮Ҵǵһ˿ԿаնԸԼ
ԣͣ˧֮ϴŵЦݣ£ĪҲǿռߣ
Ѳ£Ϊַ֪һֱڿԼɱˣҲֻпռ߸ҿԼɱ˻ܡ
ַûϧұˡ
һѾǳ϶ǰһаɱԼ
æŶҪǱһȣ
ַЦд⡣
˵ַ꣬׼֡
æҵ˼˵ҲǺ򣬶ǻһֱԷ
ַʱȤΪ꣬ÿ춼ɱˣٸ˵ûһ֣ںòһһս֮Ķַ֣϶
Ǳɱˣһʱ֮ڣ˭ɱ˶࣬˭ռƬ࣬˭ʤߣһʱ֮Ǿ档
ַ룬о⻹ãӮˣɱ㣬ڱ֮ܵĻҲԣ⣬㻹ǲҪĺá
ɱңԩ޳ɱʲô˼ɱһ˺ͶɱһôǼȻǴģ϶ҪжԼǶ˵̫ˣ̫û˼ˣǿҵȤȥģ˼
ַ˵ûɱһν˵ʲôĶԼû˼ĻҲɱ㡣
ˣҾСܣӮˣСܡӮռ˱ˡ
ַЦռˣֲŮռʲôˣҿɣ
Цѵ㲻ôҿɲЩһˣҲŻ˼ǧѣʱⶼûܣôأο檳ȺˣЩô죿
ǧꣿַΪֻԼüǧʱ磬ԭǰλҲţ˵檳ȺҲǽŴˡ
ַŶҸɣҲֻ˼꣬ôϵô
һ㶣Ҳô
ַڲˣԼˣһˡ
ʱæȲҪɱˣˣȸݣЩǿߵĶӣɱ߲ȥˡ
ַͻȻղ˵ĶԼ˵Ӯַ綼ռ˱ˡ
㣬֤һ˿϶Ǹ߽ǿߣ
£ַ˵ףҺûɱˡ
ַҲǣǴײˡ
ײ棿ЦƭˣȻûȥ棬֪ײ˶ǻһ͵ͷӡ
ַƣбҪƭôƭʲôôôϻ˵Ŀʼ
ַ˵ţתȥҲתȥ˶෴ķɱȥ
һʱַ֮Ͷأٴμ档
ˣһͿ
ȻǲٵģռˮƬĻԾжϳռʱ䡣ΪɱĶǻˣƮɢĴꡣ
ַһΪӵӰ٣㻹һ
ɱҵĻͲҴˣһҾͳɱˣΪλҪ˵ӦҴģ˵㲻ɱңȻɱңΪҪأ
һ˼ܡ
ַԺ͸ңҵСܰɣԺɱˣһҲôˡ
ԸķҳϣǡҴ磬Ҳ
ŶַΪΣ
ϰСĶӣҲϰ۰Ķӣϰ֪һһתǿߵСܣϰһɱ㣬ԣΪİȫ룬뻹˰ɡ
ַϰ˭ѲǺŴ֮һô
ȵĵλ汻¶ˣϰֵȷǾŴ֮һҿɲܸ˭ҪȻᱻŵġ
ŵңַЦҹϰ˭ԺҾˣԺÿ춼ߣﶼȥϰ֪£ϰ֮ǰҾɱ㣡
ΪƭôϰǾŴ֮һûƭ㣡
Լ˵ϰǾŴ֮һַһ㾪֮ɫûУΪַ粻
ַû˵ƭңϰŲҵģοʸ磡Ȼ㲻ĻҲǿ㣬Ҳֻÿɱ˸оǳƶѣ߰ɡ
ߣ
ߵģǱַôһ˵ˡ
ΪһֱɱҲģиԼǺܺôҶԷҲһռǿߣ˻Թͬ
϶ԷǴ£Լ˵ϰֻ֪ô
磬Ըķ䣬Ȼˣ͸ԸСܣӽԺҾ͸Ŵˣͻתǲȥģ
תַ翴Ŷ
ĵô˰ɣ
ַƲͣˣôϢŸᰡ
һͷߣǴĿأ
תϣ
ַģΪַڿЦ
˺ܿ춼ˣַ֪ˣһĽĸյģϰĸףһտڲᡣ
ǣַͺĽһÿ죬˶ɱˣɱ˵ٶҪһ˿ܶࡣ
һɱȤһɱ˾һ־Ĺϵÿɱ˵ʱ˶˭ɱĶ࣬ȻĽÿζ䣬ʱƣ˶ĿƸӵĽĽǳ죬ַĽ죡
ŷǳ֮࣬еŸ࣡
죬һʱߡ
ַĽɱˣԱ߿ţ˺ܾãַɱƬˣ˲˹ȥ
һϰɡ
˷ǳţǳ֮бһ֮ɫ
ַϸϸĴˣòȥʮӣһɫƼžϷ飬һߵϢ
Ľ£ӦǾҵ˰ɣ
ûȻҪɱףǾ죬Ҹǰתǿ߾
Ľ΢ŭ죬һתǿߣ㾹ȻһתɱˣǴȥ·һ
Цغ͹ֻԼЩͨǿߵԼЩ߸ϵ˸ûԼתɱ˶һԿĵˣҾ޵еģҪõƬ죬ֻЩع򣬲¸ǣԴͻƵת֮Ѿ˼ˣ
Ľŭãܺãǳã죬ˣǾҲ군ҽݽλҵϰףҶΥ棬ѾϰֻһתǿߣôţѾľǸƨ
Ľﻰ䣬һף
㸸һף
ĽΪҪ㣬ʲô
Ц˵˰ɣҪͼ׵ѹģûõģΪƭңҾͻŹô죬ӾǼʶʶʱ
ַĽ㲻Ķ֣Զһ㣬
Ľ֪Լ򲻹죬ǾϵĲ࣬ѹַĽһʱǿռĿǣĽھʮж߲
ַǰȥĵ죬ңˣ
ַ绰䣬ȳ֣˵ȫ汬ֱӽ档
Էϵȷѹַ磬ַҪȳ֣ҲҪȫ֡
챾֪ռǿҲǳҲǳ٣ҲǿԼĶ֣ҲúĥһԼʱڵȶԷ֣ǶԷڳˣ֪ԷҲһʱߣ
һ룬ַѾ˾һɹʵʻĺȥ
ʶַ磬Ҳ׽ַĴ͹켣ܸоĵַ紫͵ǾԼǧҵĵطû뵽ַ
ûַ籾͵Ǿʱ׽ǸλãַڿռĻϵʱáȥı㣡
޷ַ֪ܸı㣡
һ֮ʹá졯·ȥ
ַЦûõģ
췢֣ԼʱʧЧٶȻԭеٶȣ
컹յıܿˣַĹֻҵ˾ϣҷɡ
ʱ֮ԻʧЧַȫкͣԣʱŻʧЧ
ַʱԶԶھ֮ϣַ緽źĽɱˣȫûʱֻڿռĻ֮ϱԶѣԣûзַʱ
ߣʱͿռô뵽ַأ
챻ɣֻһЩˣǿ˵֮ϵ˲޴󰭣ֻҪ겻˾û¡
˸ƿҲУȫתʱ󱬷תַȥ
֮Իʱ乥ַôģַ緽Ŵ˾ʱʤ׷Իľûлֵء
ַʱ䣬ΪַҪĥԼ
ôַûһܺԼĶ֣ҲǿַĶַ֣粻ĥĻᣬúõĺ;һܡ
쿪ʼʱҲ뷨ĥԼȫ֪ԷҲ뷨
תǿߵѹȷַѹɣַʱоǿҵѹ
ȻַҪľѹûѹǻĥʲô
Σʹõǡѹס֣ƿռ䣬Ȼһٽɱ
ھų֮ʱַų˿Ǿʱļ
ַתѹ˹ȥ
һʹÿȥԿַķ֣ԼʱʧЧһ㣬ʹö٣٣ȫڶֵѹ֮ʹò


549 
˿̣ŷ֣ԷʱԼĸĶ࣡
ȴһתĹַȥúɢַĿơ
ַǹһ˿ȣӰһѾʧһ̣Ѿ˾ͷ
ǳƣ׽ַԼΪλͷ
ûʱ䶼룬ַĹѾٴαַɡ
ò˵תٶȺһתҪǿַ˵ȵƿȫ֣ľ޻֮
ַȻÿζܽɣǾ춼ܹܶҪλãÿַ綼оĴԡ
õĳȥԻᱻɱ
һδεĶַĹһζܲĻͻش
Ȼַ粢ûȥʱֹͣҪȻ͹ˡ
ַĻַ޷תǿߵһǾûģһֱ˲ַ硣
ַֻʱɱ죬Ϊַ粻ͣʹÿռʱ໥ͣʹãĥͽǳкô
һδαɣûл֮ҲżˣȫȫĶַĹֻҪͷͿԡ
Ҳߣַƿ֮£ţµ·
룬ʹʱͿռǳľԷͣʹÿռʱ϶һǳģĵĲˣԼȫһٽɱ
ǣ첻֪ʱͿռϵĻһѭ˱ϢͲľһֱȥַҲۣ
ԣעǱˡ
ַһֱĥַ緢Լĥʼʱ˵ǿͽַ࣬ĸоԽԽ٣Ѿ𽥵ʧ
ȻûЧˣƷҲûдڵļֵˡ
ַһֱĥ˼ʱˡ
ʱֹͣ
ַʹɱУʱֹֻͣ룡
ַ֪˵ľԽߵĻʱֹͣʱԽ̡
ʱ㹻ˣҪ˵ˣһʱİٷ֮һʱ䣬ַҲܽɱ
ھɲǼ䣬ˣԭͽʱ˵ĸ߶ȣʱֹͣķΧ֮УҲ˲ʱֹͣһеţʱգҲУǣԶûˡ
ɱ죬ַꡣ
Ľ˹ĵ磬鷳ˣɱ˾죬ϰһֻ֪Ҫʥ֮߳ȥ·һϰֻ˰ɱ㣡
ַ粻⣬ϰô֪ɱģϰְϢڶӵϣһܸ֪ܵ˭ɱô
Ľ㲻˽߽ǿߵǿתϵǿߣܲ׽һתĹһϵͻʧϰֿ϶֪ͨϢĸӦ΢һжϣ׷ѰϵתĹϢ֪ɱˣҪȻЩǿߵĶŮ׵ĶŮôҳһת
ַ˼ڲ֪Լ˻ϰɳһתϵǿɱԼԼֻ·һ
ַɫÿĽЦ磬ģҲзݣϰҲ㵽ϣ֪ģҲ˰ɱң㣬ʲô¡ǣǲҶңԻᶯ㣬йƣҲҶʱҳҼϸ磬˵ΥǳԲ˶ߡֻҪʥ֮غһ𣬲ȥ֤û£죬Ҽϰ֣ϰǰһҾ˵ҵɱң΢һϣٺ٣ϰֿ϶һŭ֮¾ͻǾңʱʲô¶ûˣҼϰ֮ǰһ𡣡
ַʲôʱܼϰ֣
Ľϰֺ˴׶ʥ֮صʥ̳Ǻٴȥģ˵ҳʱϰֻһΣһϰֵϢȻһھˣҪ֪ϰֵ۵ľˣϰֿ϶ˡ
ַ纹գ˵ûмϰ֣
ǰҪϰֵĻҪȥʥ̳ҪȻϰ´λȥ֪ǶԺˡ
ַơ
ĽԺ۵Ǹ򣬿϶ÿ춼оҵ׷ɱ㣡ǿ϶ģΪ㲻ǵˣ
ַЦҾɱ٣ûгǸ˾ͺãʲôοһʲô
ĽðɣҵΪ㣬ͻתˣһһתأѵһֱطͻƣô
ַôãǳð죡ҵĻҿ԰ҶԿռʱĸ򶼸㣡
ַ˼ףĽﳨַ꣬罫ԼʱͿռļĽܿٵĽ
ĽҵȻ㣬㲻㣬Ҳɱңɱңұ֤ڰСʱ֮ڣˡ
ַЦûڿҵĻұ㶼أôɱأ
ӴЦ
ַ罫ԼĸȫĽȫҲһȫΪ˵̫ˣĽĿռԻȫ
ַҲʱ̸Ľ
ַ룬ҲԼĸҲĽ
Ȼ˵ַĽľһǶĸ򣬾һһأ
ַĸظַĸ򣬶ĽĸԼĺϰָģϰָģҲܺصȣ
ַ缸Լе֪ʶϸģȫĽĽַм㡣
Ľ﷢ַ֣ĿռʱѾֻҪͣϵܴﵽ߾磡
һߣƽģ¾һƽеϣˣ͵ˣǽӣһġ
ַǸѾˣֻûеڣһɿݵĴһ㣬ֻҪɺˮͺãڵֳɵģˮȻǴˣ
ĸĽ𾪵ĿˣַѭϢӷǳûа覴ãԼֱǶȴ٣Ҳ̶ã
Ľַ֪һжޱĸԼˣݴͬ죡
˵ллĴллر
ҪǾΪʵҪģ
ڣַ罫ԼҪȫĽĽĲ֪ôȥַˡ
硭ĽļǸɶǰʹһ˵ʵǴʵ۷Ҳźһ磬ʵûа㵱硭
㣬ַ綮ģ׵Ķӣʲôݣںû˸ǵˣַʲô߽ǿ߾͸һˣ˵ݾͲᲢۣһһ£
ĽôַΪ磿
ʱĽַֻһ嵽ɱԼʱҲ˵Լ׵ĶӣĻ˭ţ춼ţַô
ദ֮£ٸַ׵Ķӣַ϶ˡ
ĽȻ˵ҵĴĻҲ֮ӣǴȴޱĽԼеңʲôԭ򣬵һʵϰҲûкޱĽԼңҵǲȱȫ˵ԼȥԼȥĲ
ʵģѾﵽˣ׷յ㣬ÿһģҵģȫȱģϰֶ˽ȫңȫˣ
ݴСˣҲܸоҵֵˣΪûаֵܵĻôܰһжأԣڿʼҵĴ磡籣ֻ֤Ҫһţû˸Ҷ㣡ҵˣˣҶҵݺˣ
ʵַҲ˽ģΪַ֪Լе˵ˣҲԲ
Ϊַ֮УôԲأַһƿߣû˵ôԲ
ַоĵĽİԼֵˡ
ַЦãȻҶֵˣôһ񣡡
磬㻹д񣿡
ַصЦǰδȸղŵĴ񻹴ôأ
ĽȻǸ磬Ů˵ĻҾˡ
ޣǧ𣬺ˣҪ㱨ˡ
ַĽҵһ֮ȻʶΧĿռ䡣
ַ罫˳
Ľ簡˵ܸԴ֮壿ô
ĽһĻɡ
Ѿģٷϻȥ
ַһŽĽȥ
شУŮƷŮ
ַȻɫħѾŮô
رַ磬ĽǸŮˣ룬ַ粢֪ǲĺãԺкϷˡ
ַûأڷĸĽʡ
ɹַ֮Ľ塣
ַҲ뽫ذǬĽ壬ǬĹǳܲǿߵ٣һһ¾ͰǬ顣
ǬǰصĸǬʼ²ϴصĸѾǬļޣǬҲ޷ˣѾռ״̬ˡ
ַԱ߿ʼںƬ
ʱַ֮ںһַ֪֮һ֮ͨһתǿͻתǶԼ˵һŸҪţ
ڰºؾͽĽ״̬
ַˣַǵõʱ򣬴˼꣬ôô죿
͵ģҿһ˴ģʱ䣬סôѵһ˶Լȥɱô
ʵַ粻ֻ֪ôƴȫԼǿΪĽ壬ΪĽһŮزôƴһͷӣ֮ʱڳ˯ţȫԼȥ
Ľس֮󣬵磬кöһóɣҪһʱóһܲˣأҵ黹ڴ֮У˳һΰҴɡ
ַûˡ
ûˣ
ġ
Ҳţó
̰ᣬûˣҷġ
һᣬĽ磬һתҲԲˣҲԲˣڣͻưɡ
ַ֮Դ֮ɺ壬ͨĺ壬ǺҪͻתҪֻ֮һ
ַ˵˵ţ۾ͻȻֱˣΪĽгһ֮
ĽЦţЩأ
ַ羪̾ôôࣿ
Ľ϶ϰָģϰĶһѵģҳʱϰָҵһ֮裬֮ġ֮أϵľûˡ


550 ޳ܣ
ַף˼׵ĶӣЩ϶һѵģһ룬ַҲͲˡ
ĽΪҲŻ˼ǧ꣬ҵ඼ĸ׺ͼλϸǿģȻͻһתȱҲûĥͻƵľ磬ҲǿģĿԣҲûͻתأʲôԲˣͻˣ
ǣַͻǰ׼
ַͻơ
ַֻǻʮʱͽ֮תƵꡣ
֮֮˷ɢȥޱ޼ʵַܸ֮ܵĽ
ַַַ֣֮֮֮ڵĺڶ˹ȥ֮û˺ڶ֮УʧӰ٣ַȴоõڶҲڽһڽ
ڶҪ֮껹ַ࣡Ǵһ
֮ˣַ绹ûͻƣ
Сܣٸ
ĽǳԾһǿһ֮ͻˣ˻
찡ʲô
ַһֱ˾Ÿ֮ڵͻƵıԵ

ַͻƣؽַͻ֮ʱ״ַ̬ȥ
ַ˳ĵõеַϣַֻȫѣ˲ַ硣
ַͻ֮󣬸оԼһ̨ףɽһ㣬ַо֮ڵĺڶҲˡ
ڶ̫ˣַ粻֪ʲô״Ҳַ֪֪ԼڵĶԲ˺ԼԼֽһȫԼš
ͻַ֮ûмȥ壬Ľͻơ
ĽҲ˳ͻƣҲûʲôˣɼΪĽ֮ʱȫԸˡ
һأٵ塣
֮˳ȥת
֮ǰַҵ˺䣬ĽҪ˼֮˺䡣
мѣǺ֪ԺԼַľֻԽԽԶˡ
ַĲߣ˵ȻԴ֮壬ޣŬֹֻͣתľ硣
ԣַ粻ߵġ
ĽﲻһȻʼʱǿģתǿߵŮתǿߵŴʾͱ˸߳ܶ࣡
츳ֻҪԼܳΪǿߣ
˸ոսת򣬾ͱٸתǿ߰Χ
ĽǾʳˣϴҺǣֻҪҳ棬˵ҵĵܵܣǿ϶Ҷ
ַҿ磬ôĵܵܣæԼһȥ
˵ַ꣬ͳȺ
ַ˹ȥĽҲ˹ȥĽ򲻹ˣ˲Ľ
ЩͽӵɱַģЩ˶֪Ľ׵Ůǿ϶Ҷ
׵Ůɱ˵ĻʳԻḲ
ʳһ֮µһظȨҲǳ󣬵ɱһ׵ŮĻҲסʳ
ʳϴĶˣĶӵܺ׵Ůôȫһεģ
ԣҲֻɱַ磬ȴҶĽ
һ׵ɱһ׵һ»˵Ļ׿϶棬ɱ׵Ůװٷְٻ棡
Ūã׾ͻύս
׽սĻʹеʱ롣
ַ˵ٶ˸ûκѹ
ȻЩ˶ת壬Ӳ˵Ŀơ
һתһûܵסַ磡
ʳɳ߽׵ǿߣΪѾΥ˹ȥһתɱˣǵĴһٴ˭Ҳסˡ
ٶˣַʮӾɱˣе걻ַɡ
ڼ䣬ĽҲɱˣЩ˺񲻸ҶĽ֣ĽܣŪĽǳơ
ȥĻĽôȥʵ
Ľк֮ܶ裬ĥĻٶ֮趼ͻƲˣ
ȻҲֻоʳ֪Ľ׵Ů˸֪
ǣַĽչһɱ
ھʳΧɱַһʧַ֮ҲûҵΧɱԼ
תһתսģʽ࣬תˣʮһСӣһת˶ӵļ
ַҲܿɱתҲϣ˶ԸѰƬѡɱɱ˵ꡣ
ַĽһ·ɱûܵס˵ĽŲ
ɱ֮У˶תĿȷʱͿռҲֱʽǿ
ַ緢֣ĽʱͿռǳ죬ڶ̶̵֮䣬Ѿ׷Լˡ
ַ첻ѡ츳ʣ
صʺ츳ǳãϰתǿߣ϶Ҳһ߽ǿߣʷǳḁ̃ѾˣʣŶϲϵģûãͻᳬԽ㡭
ַȻԽң
صΪأ˼һõŴãŴ˾ħ;Ůģܺתǿ߱ô
ַܴˣߣǲһ
ؼȻ츳ãĻԵʱĳؾһԵ֮أĻԵ˶㣬½򣬻ûгΪʱͰĴԵ㡣ĸԵǳ֮뱾һޣĸԵʹ˴ܶĺôôá
Ȼ˺͸ԵҲڲϵĽͻ;ԽԽãڣѾﵽˡԵԵԵһľ磬һֱôãõĻͲõңҲΪµƿߣ츳õ˶ȥˡĽӵдԵˣ츳ٺãҲûжĳɾͣ㣬ʣиԣ츳ŷá
˵û֮ĽѾĥԲַ绹ôһ㣬Ľȷַ硣
ȻĽֻתĥԲڿռʱ֮ԶԶĸַ磬ַƿߣٶĽϲϵġ
Ľڵȴַ磬ΪҪһȥ
ַ֮תĥԲһͻơ
ַͻƣַ緢֣Լͻת֮ʱ˾ʮ֮衯
ʮ֮ڶˣֻʮ
ĽдַЩɱ˵õ֮϶
ͻַ֮еٴνʵʻĸоת֮ʱҪǿʮֹ
ַͻϣĽ￴Ŀڴ
磬˾ʮô죿ֻʣʮ֮ˣ
ַһȻҪȥϸ磬ϸһЩˣ㲻м֮ôϸ㽫֮ĵֻǿһڿ֮谡ô
Ȼ֮תյתǿյĻᱻű
Ľĵȥϸ磿ϸ綼תϵΪȥôǼˣ֮⣬˶ʥ֮طҲת£Ҳ
ֲ㾭˵ͻתռĿ꣬ԭȥ磿
ǣΪ磬ΪˣҼǵСʱһٶأҴġ
ŶǼ߽ǿô࣬ҸתȥһôﻹҪַ粻⡣
ĽΪҺ賳ˣܳˣҳ߲ôûеطȥȥĵط趼ҵңץȥҼҲȥǻС桭ԣֻ硣벻һ˸ٺ١
ҳߣ
ַ类ˣǿҲҳߣ
ڵϣЩʮСӺ͸ĸҳ߻˵ĹȥЩǿҲһף
ַʵ׷ʲôˣ˵˵
Ľʵҵ¡
Ŷ£
ǰĽҼˡŶǣǱȢһ׵ŮǸˣҼ˶޳ɣҲϲǸŮˣҳߡ
ַƣ˵Сܰǰ˵檳ȺôȢһҲû°ѵĺܳôĻûϵǿǧ򻯣ƯһˣǶ㶮á
Ľ΢ŭ磬˵ʲôϲϲϲǲϲǰ˵檳ȺƭģһŶûУһû湻أҲޡȢţ
ַ翴óĽǳ档
һ⣡
ĽսЩʲô⣿
ǳ򵥡ַڣļ˶ͬȢǸŮˣ㷴ԣ϶ѹס˵ģǸŮ˲ϲ㣬Ҳ޹Ϊˣ˵һ㣬Ʒ˵һ㣬Ϊ˴룬ֲȵġ
Ľ֪˵ص㣬ʲô취
ֵַܣһŮôϲͲϲȢǰѡȥ治Ժǧ겻棬׶ΪǼǵģǽ˾ͺãǶѾﵽԼĿģ˵Ļôû˻ܵģʱ㻹ʲôʲôϲģȢһ˰檶ģҰһѵģŮ·ֵ㣬ٺ٣㶮á
ַûǶ˵Ļ϶ûַ粻֪ĽǸŮģ
ĽַĻ˫Ŀ֮к䣬ͷðźߣɫĪ⣬Ȼŭַ磬޳ܣ
ַ类ĽһƸˡ
ַû뵽ĽͻȻ֣һվţַ緢Ľʱ򣬸оЩԣǸոոоԵʱ򣬵ȴַһֻ֡
ַޱƵķ˹Ľ˫ð𣬲֪Լˡ
ַŭĵιҸҳⲻô㲻ԣҲӦôң磡
Ľﵱʲãַ绹Ҫŭԣַһƻûнȥͷ֮ޡ
Ҵôˣѵ˵˾ͲӦôô˵ĻʲôŮ·˵ˣ
ʵַҲֻ˵˵ѣ֪ͬ仰ҲûʲôַȻ˵ԼһѣʵÿŶܺõģܰǣȫַ˵
ַˣΪ£ѵû˵仰ô
ûУǵһǺĲɣĻҲ˵ĳ
˶Ľ׵ŮÿԺݣĸ˸Ա˵Ļ
ַ֪ĽĶŭˣַѹ͸㲻ףĽΪʲôҪŭ
ˣҲֻ˵˵ѣһΪ⣿αضŭأȢͲҪȢˣΪˣΪתǿˣû˹ܵסˣʱϰҲȢĸŮˡ
Ľĵ磬˵мŮˣ


551 Ůˣ
ַҰĸŮˣһײǸ棬֪Ⱳӻܲܿʣ޾ǿգҲ֪ڹô
ַͻȻĸŮˣȷʵǡ
ĸţҲ࣬ϰּٸء
ɶַ类ˣٸ
ǰٸˣ磬ܲܰĸʷ˵СأҸ㰡һû̸أУ˵һ˵ɣҷǳ桭
ַ翴ĽѾˣĿĶԼ
ַðɣҾ͸㽲Ĺ°ɣ뵱һһߵʱ򡭡
ַĽһƬľɽ죬ַһֱԼӳ˵ڡ
ַڱ˵߻ŹȥĿֺʹ࣬Ҹ
Ľһ㶼ᷳҷǳĺ棬ַͣ硭
һ¡
ܶʱЩ¶ѹַļȥģȥģҲһ˲һЩ£ЩƬ
ǽԼȫļĵ˳˵ַзǳ̹˶ࡣ
һַǳĸоַˣ;һĽܲ׽ַĽｲԼеַ֮оԼľٴεĽˡ
ַ粻⣬Ҳ֪ʲô
һ΢йһҲĳĵѹֵĶȫй˳˸оһ̹ɡ
ţĹ̫ˣǶһˣ磬ľ̫ḻˣÿ¶ôĶǣҵдʮ֮һôʾͺˣûУֵطȥ磬ÿ춼ϰֵ֮Уô꣬ŲŲΣҲҳôһγҸոʱһתö˶ҪɱңұȽɱǣ֮Ҿһ·ɱˣʵҸɱˣҲֻ֪вͣɱˣͣĥҲͻƣҾɱˣÿɱ¾֮С
ˣҪȻҾˣʵʼʱҲһת򽻼ѣûԸѣΪͬǲһģ˶ҺѣǺܶ˸ܵϵϢ֪˭ˣ˭Һѣԣҷǳƣд磬ôãҸоöˡ
ַü˵ôоһСһҸСŮƵģƵģǸ㲻
Ľһѵˣܰ
ߣأ˾Ĵүǣ
ַˣ˵ôˣһˣǿ취ͻưɣ
Ľʮ֮裬ôͻƣ
ԣҵе⣬ԲҪô֮裬ӦòҪôġ
ĽͻƵһ룬Ȼͣʲô⣬㸺𣡡
ַĽ꣬Щ֮Ӧùˡ
Ľ￪ʼͻơ
֮֮ʱپͽˡ
˳ͻ֮Ľǳƣ磬ҪʮҾҪ
ַ˻ֻҪһأˣ˴壡
һʣֱԲ뿪ء
˳ɹͻת֮ת
ܶʼɱˣ
Ľеַֻ֮ҲжϣĽͻתĻ϶ֻҪ͹ˡԴʣһһ
ַ϶ǲģַԼҲûһ׼֪Ҫٸ
ԣַת򣬾Ҫͣɱˣռһǧϵ֮ͻơ
һ֮Ҫһڸ֮ɣһǧҪһǧڡ
ַǳĿֲ
ַ羳ߣַ緢֣ԼͬսҪǿֹ
ַĽս˵ľһʱͿռߣǣĽַ߲У
ַɱתǿߣɱ
ĽҲǳһ˵˶û⣬ַˣֻҪַһ·ɱȥûһڣ
ַ粻֪ԼÿҪɱˣʮ򣿻ʮ򣿻һ
ЩѾˣһˡ
ʱַԼѵĶ壬˵Ķ壬ɱ¾ôͨһʽȥ׷ô
ѵû취ô
صĻشǣûС
ܶʱַɱɱˣķǳ룬ÿ쿴ôԼ־ֵĿ⣬񣬺Թĺ⣬Щַܲζ
ȻЩӰ첻ַڵľѡĻַ粻ɱˡ
ǣַûѡ
磬Ϊħ;Ů𣬵ڣַɱɱĺνˣħ;ŮǴӾ½ˣַҲǣ磬ֻҪǴͬһ²ˣǰǵ˻ѣһиС
ǵģھ½֮ʱַǳħ;Ů޾ǿյʱֺѾܵˣַȳ顣
ڣַоɱɱħ;Ůνˡ
ԼɱôˣڼƵˣЩ˵Ѷַôִţַ籨Ļַж鷳
˵ľŻıģΪıģԼԸҲʱŶĸı䡭
ʱַãˣɱ¾ʲôʱǾͷ
Լɱħ;Ůȳ˽飬ôԼѡߵľأ
ѵԼҪһ޾ɱ¾һɱ¾ô
˵ǿʲôǣ
ַ룬඼ΪڴҶˣ޵ǣΪʲôÿ˶ܰȥأ
ַ֪ЩѡȥʼʱǺľģҲ÷꣬ģû塭
û˼ˣˣǾҵЩˣóԷ˯Ϣɱ¾ʲô
ַоЩǿߣ˶ķǳνܶ˵ҲһֽѰɡ
ʹ࣡
ֻزˣͶ̥תһոµĿʼûмĿʼΪŬΪŬ˵еΪŬ
ڣĴۣ֮Զʧ
ܶ˺ˣǺѾûκ塭
ַɱˣռƬַ粻֪ʲôˡ
һռ䵽˶壬ȥһռһµĿʼʼǶ壬ȥһռ䣬һµĿʼ
һѭ˭޷ıѭ
ַ뵽֮ʱصһѭʱһļ¾ļ¾ǿ죬ǿ˵ǿˣһģҹ죬ҹľͷǰ죬ľͷǺҹҲһģĳʼͻ𣬳ʼľͷǻ𣬻ľͷһµĿʼﶼѭġ˵Ķ壬ҲǻȻͻµ˺ⶼһġѭϢֹͣģÿˣǶǶֹͣ
磬ÿ˶ȥЩתǿ߿϶ȥһ磬ȥĻǾͻѰұԵȥκôȥŬӲѭΪκεѭԲεģյ㣬ôߣӲѭӿҲǴһѭķΧһѭķΧ
ַƶǶҲ˺ܶ࣬Щ翵Ķǳ⣬ַֻľ绹ѣַ絽תϣžһδεһЩ
ַĽɱˡ
֪˶ãַڵõһǧ֮ġ
һǧ꣬һֻ꣬ʮꡢꡭ
ַûȥʱ䣬ΪʱûģˣҲȥЩûĶ
ַͻת֮ʱİٶ֮ģֻ˼ʮѣ󲿷ڶȥˡ
Ľͻ֮ʱֻ
˶ת硣Щһֱһ
ÿɱϢ֮ʱĽﶼַ˵ܶ໰ĽԶ˵Ļ⡣
ĽЩַ磬ַܺùһЩԼһȥַ粻֪Լܵ˻ܲˡ
ȻǿԼ죬Լ˾ҲûʵУ˵ĸоǼٵһ
תɱ¾
ֹ֪˶꣬ͻת
ǰÿͻһַٸ֮飬֮֮ĺڶˡ
ת˼ɱˣɱˣľɱˣ
ЩŲϵɱˣĽҲʼĲϲ˵ˣܶʱѡĬֻĬĬַߡ
һ죬һֵˣ˴֮ͺĽ֡
һɫۣǷƮݣ֮дӣһѲĸо
ĽЩôöҲ㣬ԭҺҡ㡭
ɫ۵ͻȻɫһ㵣㡭ͻƵתˣ
Ľĵ˸ͻƵת֮²˵Ҳˣ㻹߰ɡ
˸ߣΪʲôҪߣ˸õĶһҪõ£˫嶼ͬ⣬㸸ѾϼҵˣѾǲɸıʵ㻹Ǹһȥɡ
ĽЦȥҿûǸ£
˸ͫһôҴô򲻹ҵģùңҲı䲻ʵѾ˸ˣҵĵʮţԹԵĸϹȥɣ
ɶţѵǼô
ַȻĿ˸ĽϺ˸
ĽҲߵģΪѾİˣ
Ľ˵ţֱӹȥסַĸ첲
ַȫżƤһƿĽԶһ㣬Ҳڵġ
ĽĲУַ磬㡭ѵ㲻븺ôҺһôá
ַЦãʲô
صĿЦַʶЦ
ַأЦʲô
Цɵ̫ɵˣ̫ɰˡ
ַͻȻһ㶣ĿɨãȻѵǸŮˣ
شЦѣŷôҼһεʱҾ֪ˡ
ַŭأΪʲôң
صҲǸôһμ˵Ů㻹ɫħˣ𣿡
ַͻȻˣصȷô˵ַʱΪŮˣԲô˵ġ
Ľﶢַ磬ַ磬Ҫ˵ôˣ㲻֪ǸŮˣ
ַʾĲ֪һֱоòģԣûиоŮģȻʱ˵ǡŶŮˣΪԸ˶ѡ
˸Ц֪һŮģ㻹˵ˣЦˣ
Ľһ죬˵ˣˣϲôҾǲϲ㣬Ҽ޸㣿ŶûУ
˸ɲ㣬˸ǾŴ׵Ůֻһͨݵ˶ѣô֪ĵƶѣûõģ
Ľϲģ


552 
˵ţĽַһڡ
һֱַסˡ
ѵϲңܰѵôô
и׵Ůϲҿ϶Ǻ£λôȥ
ǰô˸Ҳ׵ĶӣĽôȫ˸ĵߣ
˸ŭãܺãȻҾɱˣȻȥ
ˣɱ
˸䣬гתǿߣַȥ
ַ絭ЦţҪ֣Ľסҵ£ɣ
ַͷðɣСһ㡣
İɣôˣһûз
ַ統ȻõĽЩһӣҲɱĽ
ĽʱͿռȥɱٶˣֻʱһѡ
Ľ֮ôȫΪַ룬ַϼҵˣַɱ׶ӵ£ɱˣǳ鷳
ַÿռԶĽٶսһ
ٶ˿ַȥ׷ɱȫĽסˡ
Զ˸ͫһû뵽ĽĿռѾ֮ߵľ磬һӿռ֮ĸоʱ
һܶסˣ˲ҶĽô˸ʣǵסٸͬǿߣһٸҲס
ǲҪηηβûйϵ˾ͺãץȥ
˸֮£Ŀɨһߵַ磬ַ˹ȥҪɱɶˣԼŮ˵ˣ
Ľһ㶣ַǱ߷ȥǱ˲סڼ˷ֺĽսȫ֣
ˣĽַ֪ԸֻҪɱԲ֡
Ľַ󺰣ַ磬Ҫɱ
ַзִ磡
ַ統Ȼ³ç֮ˣ˸׵ĶӣַһӣַҲɱ
˸ַ紫СӣҺϲŮˣСʱһۿҾϲһֱϲңóϲ㣬ɱ㣬ֻңҪΣҲɱ㣬һԸһЩ֮飡
ַ˵
˸Ѿͷϲ㣬óŮ˶֪϶ϲңݣһûнģҲɱ㣬ϵҲŹ㣬ڹȥϲľͺãȻҴҲ֡ҿĳòҪ֮ľףף˭ﲻҵ˼ô
ַ˼Ҳһ⣬ϲңҲǸո֪ڹȥ˵Ҳϲǲ˺ôҲϲһ˵Բʱ򣡻У䣬˼ֵܣ˭ֵܣ³ֻһǡ
˸ɫǳѿС󣬻û˸ǰ˵
ãܺãȻЩֲĽϲ㣬ˣֻ磡ҵҪôɱңôɱ׵Ķӣ
ַЦϰôϰֲ׵Ļ˵ʲôϰֵıǮţ㣡ţƾԼʵţɱ㣬㹻
ַ˵꣬ȳ֣˸ֻоǰһƬӰʶ֮ȫǵ˵Ϣ
Բǧ֮ƺַӰʶĸӦ֮УÿһӰģ
˸󾪣ֺ֪û뵽ô
˸ûа취ֲ٣ֻܲȡİ취
Ƿǳķģǿߵսһ㶼һ⣬Ĺϼʮ¾ͻݽߡ
˸ĹǳЧĻӰȫ飬ǣÿһ˶Ǽٵģûһġ
أ
˸֣ʶ֮£ûַӰ
ַأܹȥĽæȥˣɲĽʲô¡
˸ҵַ֮ʱ¶ѾΪһƬƬĩ
ַ˸ĵ߰ɣҲɱ㣡ֻԲɱΪϰףҸ㣬ҪͼԸңҪôͲҪзĻᣡ
˸ҧгݣãǽַɣҼסˣһ£ҺܿͻرϼҺĽݼң׼ųϼĽŭɣ
˸˵꣬Զȥ
Ľַ磬㣬Ժ󣬿ǵ·ˣϰֺ˸ϰǣǾˣ
ַתǿӦòɱһתǿ߰ɣĹظ߽׵ǿǲͽġ
ĽǾŴƶģǾ˾ǹأԼ˵ģԼŴģؾΪ˼ɱ¾ҪȻң߽׵ǿɱͽ׵ǿ˭ܵס˵ҶԼ֮ڣҳûƬôʱϫ٣˭ֵЩޡ
ַʵʲôϫޣʲô
Ľ㲻֪
ַ緭Űۣô֪Һûм죬ˣȻһˣܶҶ֪
Ľϫʱձӡޣÿ£Щ޾ͻͻƷӡǵĺ磬޷ǳĹޣǿսҪǿʱ򣬾Ŵͻ˵ֿޣÿֺ磬Ǻһѣһϵ˶ԾŴʥ֮ƶ򣬼ǻɱ¾Ϊ˱ǵʵʱӭ޵֡
ַʵ޶һκ磿
Ľûй̶ʱ䣬ÿֶһϵʱɣҸЩϰָҵģûޡ
ַȲҪˣ㣬ϰĻɱôϰҪĻҾӦ÷ͷжϰֿ϶а취ҵ㣬һҵҡ
УĽ㲻˽תǿжתǿѾܸӦͲ׽κ˵˸϶а취ֱӺϰϵҹƵûĻϰѾˣ̫˽ϰˣϰϢҹƵûĻϰѾ߸ˣټӾҵˡ
ڸǰɣǺˣ
ַһ󾪿ַ֣֮ͬ޵еģҲսһ߸ǿߣǾתǿߣַʲô
ĽԲַ硭İɣϰҪɱ㣬Ҿвϰˣ϶᲻ʱϰֲΪġ
ĽŮв㰡кϷˣ˵׼˰ɣ
һЦ˹̵ַĽĤʹ˵֤ǸŮˣַ֪ϼ
ߣҵҪǸŰŮԵߵģϰֶҪˡ
һߣַĽǧ׿վһһŮˡ
ַĿƽĿˡ
ƺûаϢͺͨһ㣬˵òҲûʲô֮еĲ˧ıֱ׸㣬ǳ峺Ůһ֮࣬һЩԷַ֣첻ѡ
ǳͨĸƽһ
ףĽŮĿЩȣŮ˸˵Ѿͻתˣұţվˣô£ֺļô£ĿռѾɣ㻹ʱϰ֣ô£
ĽʵѾ𾪵ľκˣͲǰһжģŮͻתΪ츳ãԼףŮʱڳΪתΪ棬ǺʣŴоҲ޷ΪڣԼŮȴкļܲ
ߣŮ츳ǿռռǳŮڵľȻѾɣȱٵֻĥѣ
ʱŮȻƺҲǴɣ
һĽһ㣬ԱߵϼҲһ㡣
ϼ૵ĵСӵʺŮһҲǺ壬ŮĻã찡
ϰ֣ô£Щ׷ʲô£ĽЩʧء
Ľ룬Բ˵ַأҪȻһὫַҪߣ˵ɱַ硣
Ľ֮һϰ֣ҵʱ̸ַҵģռΪܴҲַָҵģҵʣҲַæġЩַһֱչңһֱַһַ磬Ҷ֪˶ٴˡ
Ľ֮˵Ǹϰַ֣ǳҺܺãʱϰַŹַ硣
ĽŮʣô죿
ַ翴ĽһۣĽַ˼Բ˵ʵ
Ľϰַֻ֣ܸһ߾͵ˣľתǿߣַҲΪ
ĽŮ㲻˵ʵҲաַ磬ңô£ΪʲôǺΪʲôԲûһȱҪͼѣ
ַλǰԴ֮ͻ֮ȻǳĺһֻӵԴ֮һһʣͻֻ֮Ǻѡ
Ľϼһ㶣˵ȻǴӴܾˣȻַĻǴûмԴ֮壡ΪԴ֮ǳͻģȻֱԴϾһѭһҪӵʼǲܵ£Ϊ츳ѾһУǴΪܵ͵ʱ˱ԴΪ͵ʱ˭ܽӴԴ
һΪˣѾˣҪȥı䣬ˣһһѾǺˣȻҪӵȥںĲϣҪ÷ȫ죬ֻһ취ǰѷӲˣѵػ¸Ƿ
˭Լʷϵ¿ʼ
ַ籾һӣ½ʱַħ֮壬Ȼоħ֮壻޾֮Ͽյõڤħ֮ǿգǳΪǳ֮塣
ǸʱַΪǳͣѾħ֮ǳ֮ˣħַħ֮ǳ֮ںһˣͺ˫ݡַ屾ǲܻģǡһ񹦡˫֮µʺַʿԽΪһµĻַȫûų⣬ַԴ֮塣
ڳΪ֮ǰʻûȫͣǳΪ֮ȫ֮ͣ⣬ˣûκ
ַĻǵľܿˣѾûϣˡ
ַԲǳ⣬Բ֣Բ͡ȫ˼ȥ⡣ʱ켣תһֱߣǸκ֮ʱֻҪ˳ֱȥֱǰûĸȻͻܿɹֱߵͷβӣͻγһԲһλֱ߷һ˼£յͻ㣬ٴξͻصͺǵΪײʱҪתС죬ӵ￪ʼعڵԣҵԲģҸ򵽵κֱУγһԲ


553 ̹
ַڡˣиһ˿˿ȫֱУȵȫγһȦ֮ȻˣԲʱ򣬶ǰֱߴߣƳһţҽݾȥڸʱõĸӰ죬ΪԼˣʵǰֱ߶ˣȻһˣֱ߶ҲԼͷβˣôγԲȻ󣬴ҶӣƴͻˣˣƬЩƬ޷ʰ޷򳹵ף޷ͳΪԺͻƵϰֻҪһƬʹﲻ߾磡
ַĻλˣַе˵ô͸˼ˣͨ׶
ǰɣץסһǰ壬γԲ㶨ʣµİ˳ͺˣˣԲô
λһͷ亹Ľ翴һƵĿַ磬ԶЩصתǿ߶ַĻʱȻ
ûַĻǿߵ͸жϳַĻģ
ͬʱַܽˣ
˶һ㶣ַ磬λ˵ͷ⻹ͷһΣ
ȻλǱַ֪ʶȫ۷ˣ
Ľַ磬һ⣬ǵĸǰµƬô
λǴĿַ磬Ļ˵ͻƾתߵľ磡
ﲻõľ磬Ҳʵ
˶𾪵°Ͷˣ˵֣
Щ˿ˣ֪ʲô£֪λֵģ˭Ҳû뵽ῴô˲ŵһĻ
صȻа취ǣַ粻ܱ¶أ
ܣַ϶Ļش
λһ˷ܡ
Ϊͣû
ϼ˼˵㾳ˣͿΪƬˣ
ǣҵΪԽǣҲΪƬ
λжһǣԽˣǶĶˣ㻹ǣ϶ͷϣ
Ľɫĵַ£ǾŴѾǺߵľ磬Ǿ˵ʵҲǲ£ѵ֮ϣиߵľô
⣬ʵǺܶйе⣬ǾŴŵǿҲܿ϶ĽַĪ⣬ȻԽӵ֮ߵľ磬ŴĪַļ⡣
ַ϶Ļش𣺡УǺ֪֮ϻһ硭
λæʲô磿
ַ絭ĵͬľ磬ֱǡ͡ˡֻҪһͿƿһУŴͻƣ϶ǻͻ硣
ˣ
λˣַ˵ľյľ磡Ҳ˵ֻҪͻƣͿԵյ㣡
ϼʵǲǾͻˣյ㣿ϣ
ַ絭ĵѵ˵ĻôеǡԲģյ㣬ûյ㣡ûʲôϣͻˣҲһʼһѣԲģԲģеĶǽѭûյ㣬Ҳû㡭
˺ĻЩʧ
ĽͻȻµʲôˣΪλ֪Щ
ַΪĲֹһˣ֪ôࡣ
ϼ£ʲôˣѵʱͿռô
ַĪĵǣҲǡ
˵ǣǿ϶ǣʱͿռֻʱͿռȥԵжѣַӵ˵ƿأãһģ
ַ˵ȥȥƶϣ˸
Ϊƿֻһ
ϼʲôش𣿵ǣǲǣ
ַҶ׷ߣҶɱˣʵҶԼɱˣƿأתϵǿߣѧ˶ĳƿأܼ򵥵Ĳ׽Ĺ켣ȥжһ˵ʵ;绹ӵеɵںκεطҵһˡǳƿأԶ޷ƿأƿأƿǧֱӿƿκת
λɫЩ԰ס
ĽǸտ¾־ɣ
ַҲ֪ʵҶûʲôȤ֮ΪɱˣΪ˵õһײһѡ
ϼʵɱ˭
ַɱֻǴӾ½СѣԼ
Ľ½˶̹ĵ̣˵˭ܰæ
ַЦҲǾ½ģҺ˵ĶԹԼɣ鷳λǰˡ
ĽֵȻϲСŮСŮҲԸһƬģͶϣҾﵱô˵棬СŮ¡
óĽҪ£ַ磬£һţ
ϼ΢ŭĽݣ˵ʲôѾͨ磬ŮҶˣʲô˼ѵŮҪ޶ôǰ˵ҪɱСӵģڣ㾹Ȼ˵Ů
Ľϼʲô˼ǰǴӦŮˣŮԸ⣬Ϊ¶ҳˣԭŮˡҵʱͨ˵ŮˣǣһŮûж飻ڶҲҪģŮϲӣ˾Ů̸һŮ˦˶ѣС飬ѵΪףҲҪȥô
㡭
ϼͨ죬ĽĲ˵дʣ񴦴ռ
ĽϼҲŮ˫ҪͶϣַŮమģǸʱҲˣŮ˵ҸҶַĻвɼ˵⡭ԣСӵ£Ǵ˶ҪˣΪ˸ĸģһϣԼĶŮҸѵȥƻŮҸôŮҵͷⰡ
ϼɫһƬࡣ
ַһĺߣ亹ֱȫƤֳĺܶ˵״ַ಻
ľĽǰϰϸ˵޳ȥΪ˴֣Ϊ룬ΪԺĹ룬Ҫģÿ˶ҪΪûи鲻Ҫǿġ
أŮҸҪģŮһһҪͶϣŮ£˲ܲκϡ
Ľоϰ˵ġڡҲǶԵģסҲǶԵġ
ϼĽݣ֪ǿСӵ츳Ҳ㣬ΪңҲᶯģҲôǣҶӵҵ˶֪ŮҶӣָĿڣ˶ΪĽݼҽϼûзŪڹ֮У£ҪһҪȻɱСӣ
ĽЦϼΪôˣʲôǺǡ˵ˣҵõַ磬ַԺľ糬Խڵľ磬ַڵƬԺѹǼһͷǰɣҸ㣬죬ַҪˣ
ַû뵽ĽΣ˵ôסʵˣһƳ˾Ľ˵ףҲܲµĳ
ϼϧòˣ
ϼ˵꣬ͻȻ׵ĳ֣ʵʻĺһֱַ֮˹ȥ
˴һ
һ֮䣬ַо屻˿޷ƶռҲ޷ͣȫҲ޷ת
˿ֻʱʱûõģʱֹͣûãΪʱֹͣˣַҲ޷ƶʱֹͣһַѾ
תϣữɺ֮⣬ɱǿ󣬾תһʹַ飡
ĽһûʱȥֵΪ׵ľ룬ھתǿ˵͸ûʲô
ĽûʱȥסϼĹʱҲˣΪϼѾʶݺݵĽסĽһʱ䡣
һʱ䣬ϼɱַ缸ǧΣ
ַʹ취ֻһ·
ɣ
ַüĳһڶڶǧ׷ԲϼĹ˽ȥ
¡¡
ַ֮ڵĺڶıԵһ𵴣ֱĸоǾҪڱıԵȴİ
ַ絹һַû뵽ڶô
ÿַͻ֮ʱյ֮֮衢֮ġ֮ڶ֮ͻҪһַͻҪɰǧ
ַڲףڶûаװգǺڶַˡ
˶ˣ
תȻɱһתǸתʲô¶ûУҰѾתˣ
ղţϼĺ֮⣬ǵصĺ֮⣬ַ϶ˣַǺĽվһģԻĽһɱԣϼŲңɱĽĻô˺Ƥʱһʰ
ϼ˶ΪתǿҪɱתˣһо͹ҶΪַˣַȴû
ַĶϼɱңԾת͵ϮһתˣãܺãǺǡһҼˣ㣬ϼֻһŵ㣬رΪ׷½ˣһħһоŮһֱײ׷˺磬Ϊɱˣңҽ첻պϼҽԶӺ
ַвһףתв߸ϵףǺûз£
˿̣Щ̹Ŵ˿ԼôһţˣͶأܶ룬첻ĻգַСܡ
ϼŭַ磬ʲôݣвңһնɱڴˣ
ΣĽסϼ΢ŭϼҪҷô˵ַѾҵˣҪɱȹһأ
ϼЦðĽݣΪһҪҷǾŴ֮Լ㶼ôһᣬߴϾ͵ҿ㻤סô
ŴԼǣвŴĵλͳΣҪһɱˣ
ĽĵĽԼַ磬ַԺŵĲᡣ
ַ룬Լڵʵв˾Ŵɣ
ַֻ˵ô࣬ȫıԼȫڱԼļֵΪΪԼҳһ·ֻЩŻַмֵΪַкܴôԽ⿪е⣬ǵΪһԣǲŲɱַ硣
˭Ҷ̹ŵˣҾҪ
һֿЦʴܿ죬һߴĴ˵ץһһŮˣȻɵַߣ˶ַĽ¡
̹ţ
ַڿ˵֮еĴ
ϣȫǽʵļ⣬׸һ˫Ŀ䣬˿ַ磬ַ̽塣


554 Բ
̹ŵַ磬˾ҪˣҸˡ
ַǰħ;Ů֪̹ͨţ﷢һжϸ̹š
ַ̹̽壬֮г˾֮ɫȻѾ֪ͻ˵Ķġ
ַ翴̹ţֲȻĸоЩĸоΪ̹ſַ½֮ʱ֪Ŀٵص
ָоҲֻһţΪַţԼһᳬԽ
ַĿ⿴ħ;Ů˵ĹӡʶҲΣ˵ܡ
ַ̹Ŵ鷳⿪ķӡɡ
̹Ц񣿻˵һҡ
ַҲЦ²ʱ˶֪ǿٵصԴҶΪ񡣡
̹Ž⿪ħ;Ůķӡ
ַ緢֣ϵϢԼĻǿ
ַ翴ħ;Ůλ벻ּ˰ɣ
Ůħ֪군ˣ̹ŴҪǵ
Ůæַ磬ôҺħĸΪʲôӾ½һֱ׷˵Ϊ㲻Źǣ
ŮĻһ㶣ַĸ
ַʱǻҪ˵ҵĸôҵĸͺ裬ҵǳӣ
û⼸İ֣ǴҶĳ⼸˶ַ綼ǳҪ
۹ٸ£ַԶԼˡ
ʲôľѪңǵļƻһǵӣһһأǵǵ
Ǻ˼˵ҵĸĸĸĽԼĶһһصô
֪ôֻһСһڵϻججӵƽûǣѾֻˣڵһжɵģǸģԣҪ
֮ǰǰѾħҰɣҿԸһƽսĻᣬǴӮңҷߣ֤ԺҲǰ취ˣ·һ
ħ;Ů̫״Ϊʲô̹Ŵץַأλ߸ϵأ
֪̹ŴҪַ˵Ļǹƽս˿ַֻת磬˶תˣȻԸþħȡĻᡣ
Ůħ˳Ȼ˾ħķӡַ硣
ַŭŮ㾹Ȼӡ˽飡
ŮħңĳͷѾӡ£Ѿ⿪˷ӡˡ
ŮͲַ֪ͽ֮ĸ飬ھŮħֻһ²һöûˣɱ飬ħħıѣŮͽһֶ񶾵ķӡסýĥ
ַĸȫѺ۵ľħȻγһѪͽͨķʽ
һĻ˶⣬ѾûκãΪκܲס
顭
ַ硭ˣǺǣΡַ磬μôҺ㣬СٻҺ롭ǡһӡ
ַ磬֪ôֻҵֵܡѡ
ַ磬֪ҵģҵĸоģ֪Сٻһġ
Сٻһ̣֪ȫ顭Ҳ顭ҸԺ֪֪㰮ҡʵҲ㡭
Сٻ
ַ硭𡭡
ַ硭
ַ۾ʪˣӨˮۿε˾ħĽ֮ϡ
һޱȱ˺Ҹ˼˷ɢ˿ÿ˵
һɲ֮䣬˶ڷĵļ䣬Ѱһǵĸ顭
ַˣ˭Ҳû뵽һǿ߻Ϊһᣡ
ûΪַɵˣ˶ĸַܵ˼һ˼
Ҳû˱ַ磬û˳ЦַΪûһûõᡣ
ʱܶ˶룬Ϊ͵ʱ򣬺ܶ˶Ϊһɱõ֮ϲĸоȻָ֮һദ˺ܾúܾá
ܶˣʱ򶼶ǳΪʱҪǿ
ʱǽڣ
ʱ򣬺ܶ˶ԸΪһȥ
ǡΪˣòˣȻ󣬺ܶ˶һطȻԶ벻ȥˡ
кܶˣ뿪ʱ²ˣҲк̵ܶˣԻ𡭡
ΪѾݽߣַ֮ڵȪˮԴԴϵ뽣Ľ֮ڡ
ʱ˺ܶ࣬Щģʶ𽥵ܵ˽֮ϵѷϣѺ۵ķ϶˼ˮһֱ˵ĸо޾˼
¸ܵԼоԼڿٵĻָȻһ˹
ַ硭ַ硭㡭ˡ
ţˡ
˷ܵĴУģԲΣַ磬Ҿ֪ҵģõֵܣֵ֪õģ
ǳģ˷ܣ˷ܵ޵ĸоǽ鲻࣬ȴ޷ᡭ
飬ģԺ㱣֤κ˶ܰǷֿ
ţˣֵԺģҺСٻĶˣַ磬ݰݡ
̵ΣôԶ㣬һлл˵˵ֵõģһ˵ͼɫѣ
ַһ齣ĳ嶯
ַûȥСٻڣַ绹ԼҲûʱͽ졣
ַžħɱУȴòַֻܽħǬ
ַĶžŮħô꣬㾹Ȼ񶾵ķӡĥŮҶ˵ĳںܾǰѾˣҲţͬǾ½ˣпܻǣڣɣ
ħЦַ磬ֻת˶תʲôǶֻҪӦŹǣ̹ŴǲΪǵģԺҲΪ㣬Ժѡ
ַħŮ˵Ǵҷߣˣ·һ
ħãô˶ţҲмλףҲҷڡ
ַ϶ܴô
ַЦţѾʧ
ʱֹͣ
һ룬˿ַӰһħ;Ů˱ɡ
ͷ亹ǷӦûзӦͱУʲô
ʲô¶֪һ룬ֱɡ
ħ;Ůڲ㱬飬ҶĳַĽĥ
תתˣȻת˺޻֮
һʱ䣬ַ罫˴ȫѪģ´塣
ַ֪ûõģֻǣַôһӶŮѽĥôַ꣬Ľɱ
ħЦַ磬ôɱô
ħ㻹Ϊɱô
Σַû֣Ŀ˵飡
ַ˵һֱƿأ˸Ӳ˵ƿطΧַҪ֮ʱһµĽ
ַ翴㵽ħ;ŮϱһֻһеϢֱӽԼɱ
ôܣ
ַҪ֮ʱͻȻ˹ʹÿռ䴫͡
һ룬ַѾǧ֮⣬ַ翴ħ;ŮϱһӰεĻϢһּΪǿķӡ
ħ;ŮһȣΪַˣû뵽ǣַ繥ǵʱѾȴͺˡ
ص߲ʯķӡ滹кɵŮ洲֮ʱȫǳ£ַ磬ǶԿ˵ģ㲻õģ޵ģάֲ˼¾ˡ
˺ܵħ;ŮϵΪ֮һ㶣𾪡
̹Ŵ۾ħʲô
̹ŴовԼ
ħŮ߲ʱѾҺ;Ůˣ֮ô죬ΪǲҪƬֱ߲ʱͿͻƣң߲ʱڲƬ
ħ;Ů뱩¶߲ʱ˱ַƵûа취ֻǵĵơ
ж˳ȵĹâ˿̣Ǿ߲ʱԱַļֵҪ
Ů̹Ŵɱַ磬ǾͻὫ߲ʱ͸̹ŴһЩҰ̹ŴڵƬ
̹ŴˣǰĿľǽַȥԺַԼˣԣ̹ŴŰæŮħץַ紦á
ڣȴ
ĽЦ̹ţַҵŮҶǸҷң׵ݣѵҪȥɱһתô
Ľף̹ɱַ磬Իħ;Ůߣʱ̹ˣͻˣѹסô죿
ַһˣĽΪһ˵ļֵĸ֪ʶȵȾҪһļֵҪ߷ǳ࣬ǲܱȵģ
ģǻģ
Ľţַ磬ַԼŮһַԺ϶صĳΪԼˡ
̹ŵĽҲˣ·ǳףɱַõѡڵλãľ棬Ҳôģԣַ
̹ŵĻַĳ׵͸ˡ
λһַƶ˵˵͹ȡ
ַ缱æȵȣ̹ŴҪɱҿԣҪŪ״ħ;ŮôɱˣҪôϵֻһѣֻ˵˵ܰƬѣ֤ô
̹ЦѵǸƭû˸ƭ׵ģַ磬ӳģ
ַЦƬֻ֤ͬ˻űҾ͵ˣֳ֤ŮħҲɱңûʲôԹԣҸұ֤
ַ˵ţԶֵһ˵㣬
ָԼıӣң
ǵģ㣬
һϲ˹ȥ
ַҪΪƬ골ʶΣһ㷴סô
골ǶԷҪɱңһͷɱˡ
˶Ǵˣ˿ɲַҪɱԼ
תǿַĻȥСĳ꣬Ȼ彥ķɵ״̬
ãܺãͱ״̬ʱͺá
ַصأοˡ
زĵѾģҲ֪ҸŮ
ַʲôʱˣŮ
ְַ˵飬ֻǹһʱ͸㶨ˡ
ַ羪ȵأô죿
صѾˡ
ַ
˵ƿһֻڵĽַͬ磬Ҳֻܸıתת֮˵켣
Ƭֻһȫûˡ
˸һԼ˷ܵĴУڵƬûˣҡҵҲԲˣ


555 ñ
лл㣬ַ磬лл㡭
˶ַм㣬ǧлû뵽õôĻԵսжĽʺޡ
ַĻһ֤
˶ˣ˵ַһ䣬һˣһǳͨͨˣȻǬȻһ룬ֳˡ
˸ܵ˵ʱԴ֮壡
һͨ˵ʣһ¾͸㶨
ַ֤ȫ֤ʵԼԼȫڵƬҲԽ˵ʸԴ֮壡
˶ַ硣
̹ŴĿⶢħ;Ůˡ
ħ;ŮһңǵȷڵӵеֻΪһڵƬ̹ŴҲԣǣֻһΡ
ƬʱҪ֣ʱǳûмµʱǲɵģ
ͰЩϢַ磬ֻ֪һλᣬԣְַ취²̨
ħ;Ů֪롣
Ů̹ŴҪΪƬɣΪĻʱһЩҪĸʱ䣬Ҳ㣬ǻȥ֮ٴӳ顣
̹ŵɫһ䣬ֻλһѣĸҲԣȣеʱ䣬ֻҪ֤˿Ծˣ
ַЦҪһʱ䣬Ҫĸ£˵һ˵골ĸ¸Էһĸ³һأʱңǾתǿҲ߻ħ걬飡
̹ƣħ;Ůʵ飬˻֣սˣ
ħ;Ů£ħ̹ŴʵʵӵеֻʣһΪƬĻˣλᣬҺŮһλᡭ
һΣ̹Ŵɫˣǲ˵ѣ
Ů̹ŴôƭأǵȷƭԼô߲ʱ˵Ůﵱ겹ʣֻ࣬һˡ
̹ڳӶˣһλᣬһһõһ벻أҪΪƬһûô죿ʱֻһң걬飡
̹һ亹ַҴħ;ŮҪȻԼ³ç֣ɱַ磬ʱԼǰʯͷԼĽô
̹ŴŭѾ֪Ѿûʲôֵˣ
ƭң
̹ϵϢͽȻֱѹħ;Ůˡ
Ůħһң˶һָоַǣַôֻ֪һλأ
Ůæ̹ͣŴĿԳɹģаٷְٵİΪƬģûƭ㣡Ҫǡ
˭˭Ҳţһλᣬ˭ţ
Ҫǣħ;Ůʼʱû˵ʵڸտʼʱ˵ֻһλᣬԳɹܴҶŵġ
ڣǱַƵ˵ģʲôŶԣ
̹Ŵŭˣһ˹ȥħ;ŮϵȻ̹Ŵ񱬷ȥ
䣡
˿ŮħȻס̹ŴĹ߲ʯҲɢѾʧȥ߲ʯ
̹ŴӷŭȻһ֣
̹ŴҪַ֣缱æҵĳˣɣ
û߲ʯħ;Ůܵסַ磿
ַֻӰ˼£ħ;Ůʶ
ȻַһŮ˹ȥ
ŮҪַ֮ʱԱߵħ֪ļ޵ٶȣһ³嵽˾Ůǰҷ˾Ů˾Ůλá
Ůһˡ
ħΪŮסһֱַӱħꡣ
ħ
Ů£
ַܵĵŮħħҲžŮ
ħһħͷħף޵ħͷΪΪ׷ߵľ磬ʲô¶ĳ
ǣΪԼİŮҲգһüͷԼ׷κζûŮҪ
ΪַҪɱŮ֮ʱַжϣħٶȽŮƿҲǲܵ£
ò˵ħ֮ǰ漣ıˣǣˡ
ַ翴Ů֮һƬңѾսˣڵַɱԼ
֪ôˣַ粻ɱŮˡ
ħ;Ůǧ֮ĸģ
꣬ħħ֣ŮҲԼȥħ
߰ɡ
ַ֪ɱŮǷŻɽԺԼĴУַ绹ǾŮˡ
ΪʱŮѾȫ˵ֿڵַɱԼƺַɱԼ
Ůĵһ˻ȥôҺħమһֱûзֿ˵һһҾԲᶪġ
Ů˵꣬һƻԼ飬ֱӽԼ걬顭
ַħ;Ůһֱɱǣַǵĸ飡Ϊǵĸģ
ħ;ŮˣҲ˻ַԼԸ
ǣַ־һ֮УַΣûн
̹Ŵʱַ磬֮ЩᣬЩȫħ;ŮɣѾɱˣ֮ЩССӦòӰǵĸ顣
ᣬɱҲô
̹żַ磬Ǿ½ˣ߰ɣʵʺ㡣
ַ绹ûлشĽŭ̹ţʲô˼ҪôҪɱַ磬Ϊַôַļң
̹ЦĽݣַǾ½ˣƾʲôȥĵ̣ŮҪˣҲҪ޹ҪߵĻҲŮߣѵ㲻ô
ְΪһСӾȻô˶ˡ
ǰСôô
Ҳڿ⣬ҪҪСץߡ
ץߣأҲҪСӡ
һӰڴҵ
ʣµ
弫սֻ
òǳƽϵϢҲǳƽиаݣǵΣûһطιġ
ܾϵˣдܶ˶ϲôԼһ£еĳΪ˧磬ŮĳΪŮҲۡ
ŴûκεΣȫʵò
־˵ûõģʵ
ĿƽĿַ磬ַ磬ɱǾʳһתǿߵĶӰɣ
ַûɱǸ˽о죬Υ
ЦȤСӣ﷢飬ǾŴ֪ˣһвǵĴڣԣ죬ֻɱ㣡
Ľŭʲô˼ַֻתв˼ȥɱһתô
תò˶þܳԽǣߣֻתǾֵܳ˭ұ֤Խǣʲô£
̹ŵʲôַǵˣҿλֵܱ֤ԲΣǾ˵£
Ц̹ţ㱣֤ʲô֤ǵ˽Ĵ˭˶磬ٴͻƣǵľѾֹͣˡ룬ǾŴͳ˺£ǰֹвǵλˣǶɱǣΣҲ⣡ַܸǴٺôջ󣬾ܱסͻƣҲҪɱ
̹ŵַͻһΨһĻᣡôõߵľ磬ӺȥһֱŬţûκνڣǵĻˣȴҪɱʲô˼ҪϾҵĺ·ô
ҪҲûа취Ϊ˴룬СӵѾԽǣҲԶԶĳԽǣҲʹţԺľҲᳬԽǣʱᷢʲôҲ֪֮ǾŸ˵ĵλԾûˣһǵͷϣ
ЩŴھŸ˶һ⣬Сӣַ糬ԽǣַǵĻǾ˿ܾٴַѡ񲻰ĻǾԽǾ˲ڽ£ɱ
ַֻһŸ˶˽Եõһ˵õַ磬ǵھַ磬ôַ϶Ժ󲻻ɱ˵ģĮǾ֮Ҷᱨġʱ˿϶ˣ
ԣŸ˶Ϊˡ
弫ʱ޳ɱ
ҲҲͬɱ
սţɱõѡ񣡴˭Ҳʲô⣡
Ҳͬ⣡ٴѾ£ҾʹˣҪȥַΨһпܴȥˣ
ֻҲͬɱַĳֿܾǾŸ˵ϣΨһϣɱʲôϣûˣּʥ̳˼ôȥ˼ô
̹ŵҵȷɱã
ĽҲ޳ַ磡ҵŮ
ϼЩַˣǶ˽ģ
Ҳ޳ɱ弫սϼҶͬɱ޳ɱ޳ɲɱǾŸ˽˵⣬ͶƱڷǳȷˣɱ
̹šĽֻһַߣַ籣ס
ĸʲô˼ѵҪֵܷĿô
ĿǳΪʱԺǰ;ַһĻֻܶʼÿ춼ͬ£˼ô
ֻ˵ûǻôãѵǲôںò׿ϣǴ߳ȥϣȴҪôһϣǻ˵˽ģ˽ĵǣ
Цۣ˭ۣûΪʲôǾŴףǿЩˣÿ춼һʲôǶ׷׷ǵ׷˵˾ɱ¾ֻ޵ɱ¾ǲ˶壬Ǽƶ˹򣡶ڣ˲ͷϣͻǾŸ˴˵ƶйͻᱻƣʱͻңѵ㲻ô²ңвͶҪ棬϶ҲңʷĴ˶֪ÿ׸һʲôﶼ֪ô׵ĸϫ£˸ַ࣡ȥȥԺĸ󻼣ǺٴδҵԴͷ
ս˵ûǾŴĿ֮»Ҳ˲ͷϣ˴ڵĹǶģһңңʱͿ̿ҲƲסġ


556 ʱմ
ĵѵΪԶôǲܵģʱƣʷıǨÿһĸǱȻģκ˵ͳζ˥ڣǾŴҲ⣡ҲһµĿʼַǵĹôһƶһĹأǵĹأַ֮粻ɱǵϣ
ǵϣǻǵԴͷ
ϲģִǾŸҪͻƣȫַģһҲûлˣ
϶ͻˣԽˣ绹ǾŸλ𣿡

˿ʼǽۣģ࣬׷̲ס
ַǳѵҵǾŸ˿ôҾûѡô
˫ԽԽַ֪ȥ
ַף˫˵Ķе޳ɱַˣΪסǵĵλַͻ֮ͷϣֱӲǣûзأĻǾͲˣһˣܸģ
޳ַĸˣ뿴ַͻ֮󵽵Ǵﵽʲôľ磬ܴȥǼҲͻƣ
ҶԼ뷨ûжԴֻ棡
ַֻ΢һԼĽԼеֵͲɱַˣַֻ뱣סԼѣĽƵĻҲַܾ磬ֻʱģĽͻӵɱַ硣
һɱַĻǳ࣬Ҳǳ򵥡
ַžԼ飬ַҲû뵽ˣû뵽ŴһΪԼһвһΪԼһϣ
֮͸˶ţַľԺܳԽǣ
ַʱϹһȲҪˣһ԰ɣ
ַĻ䣬˶ֹͣĿˢˢĿַ硣
ַҲ뿴λΪҷĿɳҲҵ˱λƣΪұ˵ߣҵǿƲסģҶ֮λûκȤ˵ֻΪ˱Ѿ˳ҲȻҵֵܣҲҵԸѾˣڣֻľǴӺȥΪһмλ޾ǿңֻһƽ
Ц˵ô޷Ƿѣ˵ٶûãǱɱ㣡ûгɳ֮ǰ
ַЦ
Цʲô
ַ²ʱʮ磬ʼһ·ߵЩɱҵ˶ˡЦЩɱҵˣҿȷĸɱҵףɱңգףµˣҶ𣡡
Ӳˣĸײһܻסַ磬ַڷˡ
ϼôĿҪɱ㣬ӵˣ
׵ѹ֮£ַͻȻһ뵽һɱ׵İ취
ظоַ뷨æеַ磬붼룡
ַأȱ˵ɣӲˣҲҪµ
ַЦţףҪﻹĴװǣ˵ˣĴײǣҲɱ
弫ЦɱҺЦ㵹ɱɱǿ
ַǰǧףɳĴ׵ıΧף쳣ƽĵҪңҲʹһУʹһУܻӰǧתʱʲôԼҲ֪ɱ㹻ˣɱֳеˣҶǿҪˣ
ַѾ׼ʱַֹͣҪԽȥɱˣʹʱֹͣԽȥȥһֱֹͣģֹͣĻַ׸
ַƽףˣѵôǿľУ
˿ַ̣Ѿȫ߳ĴױķΧҪɱַĻĴҲסˣһ˶־ɱַ磬ȴû˶֡
弫ЦЦһַ磬ַ磬ҲɱףҼʶʶľаɣ
ãȻʶʶҾʶʶ
ʱֹͣ
ʱմ󣡡
һַ̣紩ʮ֮ǰ涼Ǿֹģ˵ĶʶеһжǾֹģ
ܶģַֻһˣ
شУַ磬ҪʲôɱˣıռһĹ򣬺ͻγӦ룡
ַҲΪһг·ô㵱ΪĴܱסô˴ĸˣǴսನɱұɱףɱҲУɱĸһ
ؼæУһɱˣҪǸʱεͻңͻȱʧ㻹ǵǾ½иȱôʱŮ洲㻹ǵôɵȱڣǸȱڲĻԽԽĻе棬޾ǿգɺ硭
ɴңǲȱʧȱʧһͻһССȱڣǰСҲǧ棡ǰȱʧɲɱģѵҪһ·ô
ַʲô취һбİ취ô
صɱ˿϶ǲеģ㲻ɱҲУΪϵʱΣǸʱεҲȱʧҿԽһ취ԿԱסԺû˸鷳
ַ۾һʲô취
صţԣ
ַҲУ
ЩֻЦţ϶УǵĿĲɱǣ㣬ǻ鷳ĻҲˣҲʧ
ã

һ룬ַֻصʱΡ
˵Ŀ⿴ַ磬ȴַʹشС
ַҵѾʹˡ
ˣ
˶ƣ弫Ļ֮󣬶ַû˵ʹˣ
鶼ûзʹˣ
弫ŭַ磬ʲô˼ˣô
ַ粻ɫЦף໥һ£ǵĲ֮ûһߣ
ߣ
ʱ˵Ŀɨ׵ĲӣҶĿ׵Ĳ֮϶һϸϸĺߣ
˴󾪣֪ʲô
׵Ĳôкأ
ַ磬Щ֤ʲô֤㶯֤ɱǲ֮ϾкߣҲڲ֪֮ԵĶһʶȥģ
ַЦҴ춫ϣҸǣҷžħǵĲԵĻһ£㾹Ȼ˵Ҵģѵһת˴춫ϣ׷ֲô
Ц˼ǣ㷽ûɱˣ
ַǣ㲻ŵĻұ۵㿴֮Щʲô
ӣ˸첲֮ϵ֣˵
ɫ࣬ǵȥģôСˣ϶Ӧʲô
˶첻ѣʲô
ַǻǰɣ弫ڿأ
ڿ㣿
弫һ㶣˳˼·ȥͻȻоȷ쬵ģͻȻоԼûдڿ㣡ⲻܰԼڿǽ˿ڿ㣬Ǹһֱûѹô᲻أ
弫ʧɫַ磬͵ҵڿ㣿
һ͵ڿ㣿ڿô͵Ǵϵģ˶ַʼնԭվţûж
ַҿû͵ڿ㣬Ϊڿ㱻ϼˣǲŵĻԽϼѵӼһ£
ϼһŮģѿӼ飿һ׵ô˵ѿӣ
ϼͨ죬ҪŭͻȻоԼڿȷԼģ
⵽ʲô
ϼҧгݣ˵ûϵڿȷҵģһ˿ڿ㣡
˿̻ǳϵĺãѵҪѿӣ
弫ޱƵĵûҵڿȷǽ˿ڿ㡭
ַʶЦ
س⣬ģʱַѼ˵ڿ֮ʱַǱܣַֻ֪ЩףǶ˵Ļǰˣ
ϼ弫ڿ㣬һǳЦ£û˸Ц
׵ڿ㱻֪ıˣ£Ѿ˵֮⣬ҶѾ𾪵⽹ۣ˭Ц
ַЦϼ㲻֪Լڿ㱻˭ô
ʱʣµı鶼ǳ֣ǷԼڿ㶼Լġ
ɫΪʣԼڿرŮ˴ģ
ϼŭˣַ磬㵽ˣʲôϷ
ַûʲôϷʵ˵ڿ㶼һˣУ˵϶ҿ֣֣ȫ֣ŵĻǻȥ֮оҵ˼ףɱˣ׾٣ֻǲɱǶѣ
ַǲ룬ֻʱ룬ַľ糬Խǣַһᱨ
׳Ĭˣ˿ǶоȫǱ˿̵֣ȫ˵֣
ַôǻŵĻҿɱһǿ
ϼȵţڲ֪֮л˵ڿ㣬ǲĨһϿ֣Щ֤ɱǣʱɱǧٴΣǡǲףôʱЩ飿סڳ˵۾˵ҪʹôУ˵ʶţûжЩôģ
ַ翪ʼװˣҶˣֻҵٶѾļޣֶˣ˵һʱѾ˼ٴˣϼûз֣һҺսŵһССˮˡ
ַ˵ڼ䣬ʹʱ򣬴ȥǸˮϼ
ַ֮˵˸оʲôԾ
ϼһﱾǿյģڵȷһˮ
ʱһת˷˹ֵĶϼ״ˣˮ˵зǳ壬ǳҪ״˻ҡ
£𾪵Ŀˣ
һжһ㣬Ҷ֪ʲô
ַһɵĻҿ԰˶ѹ⣡ô˶׵ô
׵һˣ˼ڿ㶼ܻ·϶Ȼڿ򵥣Ϊڿ㣬ҪȥϿӣҪӡ
ҲˣÿжֲѣڶΪԼС롣
ַ£֪ˣð£´д
ַ£ԭ˵ð
׷׷׸ַǸ
׸תǿߵǸǺʷĵͷһΣ
ַһȽģǾŴ׵磬ûйϵҲûҪ;ŴΪУֻ뱨ֻȥǵĹҲûйϵҵΪԶԶĳԽǣҲɱǣȻðң²ôˡ


557 
ִˣʲô¾ܷԸһհ
ִˣҪͷǵĻһһܣ

ַʵҲûʲô֮ǡ֮֮졢֮ȫңҪͻƣ
һۣĴжڰЦҲͬʱңҺԼվ˶顣
̹Ŵ亹ֱ˾ŮĻַ綯ֵĻԼڻվô
ˣʵͻƵתĻÿһתֻҪһͻƵϣҪô࣬Ҳûãװ˷ˡ
ַ֪ǲ
ŶûǰɣǶǾתˣǵΪѾˣҪЩҲûô˵ˣͻһͻҪǧܺұôóɡ
ֻܹԹԵóַ翴ÿֲ϶ڼƣЩַҲ֪ǿ϶ûȫó
ΪŴÿ춼ʥ̳ǱţǴƬΪܼĶռ䵽ǣÿ춼ʱ޿̵ռƬ϶һǳӴ
ȻַҲ̰ģЩԼԺͻƵתˡ
ˣôг⣬ε¾ˣ߰ɣ
ɢȥ
ʣµĴ׶ĿȵĿַ磬ţֻҪַľ糬Խǣ϶ǡ
ַ絭ĵĸģͻƵתϣһǵģ߰ɡ
λˣĽûߣǶַˣСŮ¡
ַԺ˵߰ɡ
ĽҶԣֻߡ
ЩΧ۵ĹҲ׷ɢȥЩ˿ʼʱַַСܣأַ籩©˱Ŵ׻ǿʵﻹ˼˼ҵСܣ
оΧ߹ַ֮ȫһ˹ȥ
ʹδȥǸʱֹͣôʱ䣬ַľѾ͸֧
ַˣһֱŵڣ˶뿪ˣַŷһɣƣĸоǵصϯַܲס˹ȥ
Ľｫַ籧ڻַһľɽ֡
Ľзǳìܣǰϲַ磬¸׷ԣΪַ̫΢ˣأַͻȻ֮ϰֻߣĽôȥַ磿
ǰĽȥַϲϲԼΪ׵ŮַһϲԼԼԻеλַԲܾ
أĽЩˣοַ绹ĸš
ַ֮˹
ȻˣǾ͸֧̫ˣһʱָˡ
Ľ￴ַ磬ַ翴Ľ˲֪˵ʲôˡ
ǰĽĻǳ࣬ÿ춼ַ˵ͣڣĽкңкܶ໰ַ˵ǵߣȫȥ
ַ룬ԼǰǶԸˮھԲˡ
ַĽǸúúõ̸һ̸ˡ
š
ַһôãĺܿģǣһֱҶ֪һŮӣҰ㵱ֵܣѣҲûһŮҸ֪ϲҡ㵱˸˵ϲң˵ˣûһ׼Ҳ֪ĸţҲ֪ǲģҶĸһֱֵ֮飬ô
ˣ磬ˣԶֵܡ
Ľ΢Цţκεİˡ
ˣ磬ȥɱĥϢɡ
Ľתͷȥ
תһ˲䣬Ľۿᣬ֮󣬶εεζ䡭
ַ֪Ľģ£ͦһӾͺˡ
ַʹԼģȷĽһֱֵܣûʲô顣
ַĸŮˣԼѾװˣװ±ˡ
Ϣ˼£ַָ֮ɱˡ
ɺĽһ˵ĹϵǰһַܾﲻԾ
ַڿӱܣĽڿαװ
˶úۡ
磬룬ǻǷֿĥɣҪͻƵʱڼɡ
ĽҪַͷӦõġ
Լϲˣû㣬ÿһĺۡ
ܺԼϲֵôʲôûз
ô
ԣĽѡ뿪ˣ˲һûĽᡣ
ַɱˣϴε¼֮󣬺ܶ˶ϳַ磬ҿַɱˣӵһɶ
׶ܸ㶨ˣתˣ˭Һַ綯֣
ַҲƣͻҪĲȫˣɱˣĥĻ϶޷ͻƣ
ǣַÿȥʱ򶼻һòһɱˣ

½㣬ڵˣƯŶ½㣬㿴Ǳߣʺ磬Ҷ֪ûмɫգûмĲʺˣ
Ҳһӣǰû뵽ôĵطֲַҲһ͵͵ˣҵһҪúˣ
µͷǱΣס½㣬оܶǺǶգ찡һõط̫ϲˡ
޾ǿǧõһôѣȻռ䶼ǡ£ҪСˣ϶бǿߣ
ţһµĿʼ
ºҲ˺磬ݼûͻƣ޾ǿա
˶Ժһֻ֪ĿķС
½㣬ôȥҷ磿
ַһֱһˣɱ¾֮жȹɱ¾࣬ҵǣ
½㣬Ǳˣǹȥһ°ɡ
º鵲סһڼٷеˡ
µǰãǴ޾ǿģһ֪ǰ֪һЩ飬˸м
˵ǰɣÿÿ½Ƕȥǣĸһģ˸һеģм£ˡ
˷˺ܾãĿ˺ܶˣÿɢϢǿ
ͺҲףһµĿʼˡ
λ˺üˣǶ˵Լκ½ˣ̹ŵʡ
̹ţ
ħ֮ʱÿ˶ʾ֪û˵
²ʱħǸǳڣ޾ǿħҲ֮һΪʲôûħأ
鲻ţ˺öˣʾû˵
УЩҲ֪ѡ
ǣȥ̹ŵǽ̹Ǹ֮˳ʾӦ
ȥַʱȥǸڹ۵ɭޱȣӴŮǺ䣬Ů˵Ȼϲ϶޷Ӧֲɭĸо
̹ŵĵ̣Щˣ۵ĵ̣ˣȻȥһЩ򣬵ǺºݼֻȻǲϲҲֻȥˡ
º̹ŵ϶ַ֪ܿ䣬ǾΪԭַϢʧ֮ۡ
˼Уһһ
½㣬㿴ǸķӡϷ飬ŶǾȥǸɣ
ţûǸȷʵĲһȥ濴ĻҲˣǾͼǸ
Ǿʳ
º˳ļ˾ʳ
λŮκһҶǻӭģЩĹӸǣܿ춼ᶢЩŮ
˼ʱ򣬺ַ̹ǱһһϢǾ½ģҲûʲô
ѡκÿ˵ȨȥǸȥǸֻһݶѣûбʲô⡣
ʱ򻹲һʹһȥȥѰռƬ
ºһʮ˵С飬˺º֮϶еġ
ϴº齫ֲһЩ򵥵ܸˣ󽻸˺ºһССƬȻָͻƣǺºһƬ϶ǲģϴźºȣȥҪһƬ
º鱻һӸ綢ˡ
λϴһתǿҪƬ֮ʱһ޳ĺɫӰ˺ºǰ
ӡ
ܶ˶
ˣǶæǵİɣľͽˡ
ɢȥ
ӵҾ;ǣǾ׵ӣҶӣҲӰɡ
Ӻã
ǿͺµϢȻĿƽĴˣ飬£Ǻǣ֣Ǿ½ˣΪβ̹Ŵĵ̣Ҫǵأһ㣬ҷǳ档
µΪǵ̹ŴˣɭɭˣǺǡ
ЦԺ˾͸ҰɣƬһṩǣȥʥ֮Ļһһƣܴˣɱ򲻹ģóƾͺãû˸Ҷǣ
лӣ
ǵȻûôģΪǿó˶Դ֮壡
Ȼǲȥֱ˵ôģǿģҪĶǺãȻŪʲô
Ǹ֪ԺʷֹֻһԴ֮壬ǾǴλ׵ַ磡ĽԴַ֮ģ
Ů˺ַйϵĻԺŮкܴ;
ŮͻƵʱ򣬾Ա߿ţŮƬͻƵһת
ǸоһתϢһתǿߵϢҪǿϺܶࡣ
˳ͻ֮Ůٴθлǡ
ǽŮһľסŮʮ֮ȥȥ
ߺͺ¿žǵıӰ˶˼
׵ĶӣΪζôã
Ц½㳤̫ƯˣǼһﱻס¡
ȥҸ˵أΪ׵ĶӣûеǺã׵ĶӻȱŮôǵݺ͵λ׵Ķܿô
µڣǼ鼴ԺСĵͺá
šûж⣬ͦãǻǿҵַͺãҹƵûĻַ϶ʥ֮أԣѵƬãֻҪɱĥͿԺܿҵַˡ
ǰоѵıɡ˭Ҳ£ֻҪһ·ֱ׷϶ҵַ硣

ַһֱɱˣһ죬Ľַ磬ѾͻƵıԵַֻĥ֮һ
ΣĽŮװҲա
ף׸һ󵥴ΨĸоĿ֮һƬ峺ƺûһʡ
ÿ춼ɱˣҪɱ¾ﱣһݴʹǳס
ΪɱĶˣ
ɷϣĽַŶַͬȴȥĽ
ܶûмĽ￴ɣѾһθ顣
ϴѾͻƵıԵ˵ôô
ַҵйϵɣҵս̫ǿҲкܴĹϵɱ˶࣬ĥľȴٰɡ
ַɱ˾ҪĽ༸ȴûеͻƵıԵַƲѡ


558 ͻת
ַ粢ϲ﷦ζɱ¾Ψһİ취
Ľ磬ҪɣͻƣȻһȥת򣬷սôǿɱתûʲôѹ϶ĥ̫ˣȥתĵط㣬ʱѹˣܶĥĺܿ죡
Уȥȥ˭ң׼ҶֻܵķݣЩת˵ô
Ľһıӣ㻹Ϊܴô˭ϴεˣ˭¶ָʱ׵ʱֵĻѹûˣֻһЩʽסףסˣ˶ѣ˲֪飬ҿĿߣۿεġ
ַƲͣôϰֽԣ֤ϰҲаٺ٣ҪҪϰڿҲ͵ߡ
ڿ㣿
㡭Ľֱˣþ֮磬˵ϴɱ׵ɱʱͿռ
ַһ㶣Ѿͷô
Ľ㷢ʱҸоһʱֻһģϸоҲоûʱ϶ܲҸоʱĻһ˲΢ı仯Ҳ΢ı仯ԣҲ㣬ôһ£
ַǰǰҵĸ򶼸Լɡ
ĽַһۣСΪҲ֪ô϶ʱ֮еĻصȥʹδ
ַһðɣ¶ˣûʱҵĻص˹ȥǵ·ǵڿ㡭
˵ص㣬Ҫ˵ڿ㣡
ڿ㲻صѵ㲻ڿô
㡭Ҵ㡭
ٺ٣СһصȥǸɶ
ܣַ粻Ҫץ㡭

ĽͻƵתַûͻƣĽȥת
Ŵ׶ƵĹ򣬸߽ǿ߲ȥͽ򣬵ǲû˵ͽǿ߲ȥ߽򣬵Ȼͽǿȥ߽
ַ粻ַͬȻתɱתҲ׾١
ȥתַĽһֱһ𣬻˶⿪Ľᣬϵǰֵһ㡣
ַоתɱѹǳ󣬵ַĥٶ֮ķǳ졣
ַתĵ죬ʮתǿߣЩתǿߺԶαװòϢͳһĺɫֲۣһˡ
Щǳַġ
ÿַĽɱ˵ʱ򣬴ҶĶӣĴɢʮˣַĽΧ
ַЦתǿתαװɱˣôǲĿô
Ϊ׵ĵַ磬ǵѾ۲ǧ꣬ûд˵еô׵ֻװǻƣ϶ΣЩ㣬жϣܴףЩˣ㶼򲻹ַ磬ڣ
ַת磬ûͻתʮתǿߣַҲоѹǳ
ĽŭЩˣòͷ¶βˣǲǾҵˣϼҵˣˣ
Ѿͷ㵹£ǵȷǰɱַ֮һǳ֮ǰѾı켣Զ֪˭Ҳ²ûõģ
ǺǡַЦҲ֪˭Ȼ֮һУʱףȫ˾ǣ
ַȳ֣Ⱥ֮С
Щ˵Ŀ꾹ȻַĽˣ
ʮɱĽַһ¼ˣ͵Ľߡ
ҵǬ죡
䣡
ĽոսַǬַɣ
Ǭһ𵴣شҿַ磬콫Щɱ꣬ҺǬҪȻǬˣ
ĽǬ֮ʱ֮Ҳ˽ЩǿҺñصȫкˣûƻǬĹҪȻǬűһƬˣ
תĹǺĺ֮⣬תǿѾܲ׽Ϳһַÿռͷǳѡ
ܼĹַĿռʱ棬תǿ߶Ŀжϴ󣬿ַͱɱˣ
ַתɱת˾û⣬תѹ̫ˣ
˵ַ磬ַĺ֮Ĺ֮ͱƬ
ַ磬ҿܶãĿռûõģѾʶÿһƶ㣬ֻҪ㴫͵ĳʼ㣬㴫͵κλöǵƿ֮£ˣ
ַĺ֮֮дѣʱʱϻᰤһ£ַʣתǿߵĹҲ˲ַ壬ַҪסͷͺãֻҪ֮˲꣬Զɱַ磡
ʮ˵İΧ֮£ַֻܲͣĶܣֵʱ䶼ûУԼ֣͵ס֮⣬ȫûõģ
Σַȫѹƣǳ
ַףȥԼ类ɱ
ֻˡ
ɣ
֮ڵĺ֮ⱻַһգ
ʮתǿߵƱƻַס֮кڶ𵴣ֱӴ͵ʮ˵ȫһĹĻʮͷɨ˹ȥ
˶û뵽ôһĻ
ܼĹƿرֱգʮ˻ûзӦͱַɱ
һĲҽйһбޡ
ַҲܣһǧ֮⣬ڶ֮һڱѣڶԵʼѷ죬ѷ콥ֱַ꣡
ڶѸٵַ֮һ֮󣬻ǰ
ַ緢֣Լ֮ڵĺڶ֮һ
ַһֵĸоڶ֮󣬺ˣһָ߶ȣ
ַһָоڶǳڸַһϢַ粻ϵֻҪϵɣڶ޵
ĸоַһȫڶˣôԼܻô
Ȼڲʱʣµʮһתǿɱ˹
ַһҧȻڶҪԼҲûʲôʣôͰպڶ˼ɣ
ڶѾַöˣַ룬ڶ϶˺ԼԼˣڶܴô
ɣ

еĹٴαգΣڶȥһ㷴ӦûУ
ַףǺڶˣҲˣɽȥûʲôӦˡ
ʮһתǿȫɵˣĿڴ
ַ磬ʲô
ַЦǺǡ׶ҶӣǼɱңΪαװ͸ıϢڵҾͲ֪ʲôôԸı䣬Ǽ䲻ıģǾҵˣǾˣΪ˸ӱǳɱң
ַ緽ɱ˵ʱ˳һ˵ļ䣬ַѾ֪һˡ
ʮһ˵ɫģһң˭벻ַܵõ˵ļ䣬ڱԷ֪ǵĵϸɱˣˣ
ϣ
ʮһٴΰΧַ磬ַһֱźڶеĹٴαַɡ
ַ֮һգ
ַȫùܵ˵Ĺʹÿռ䴫һֱǰȥ嵽Ⱥ͹
˵ĹѾȫʧЧûκãַĴѾ׽ַĴ͹켣ַÿνһоͿɱһˣ
ת֮䣬ʮˣǼ󣬵ֻʣʮˣ
ʮܱɢ
ҪôǺǡ
ַӰһһ걬飬Ӱһһ˵ߡ
ǵķٶٿ죬ܿռ䴫ͣ
ɱˣַǹЦǺǡʳǺǡ
ʳѾַ˺
ַɱˣֱϯźڶ˾һ·ɱȫκ˵Ĺ
֪˶ˣĽֵͻƱԵַ绹תתĥ֮һ
Щַ꣬ÿ춼úڶű˵ڶ֮ǰʮ
ڶԽԽǿ󣬶ַоֻҪڶһֱȥͽԼȫɣ
Լɺڶ
ַ֪뷨֮Уַ磬˵㣬ڶȻǿҪʿɶֹÿ춼ڲͣúڶڶڲϵ󣬽һɣһĽȫˣСɽȥڶʲô֪ôʶȥúڶսƿغڶڶ㻹ȷһŰɣúõͻԼľɣͻƵתϣ˽ڶɡ
ص޳ɽ˵ǲ˽ĶԼûаȥƿصĶǻǲҪĺã˽ƿʱоַ磬ʱڶɡ
ַ˵
غͽĹϵǳãȻ˵Ϊ߸ϵֻһСС²˵Ըǳ񣬶һֱԽǳ棬һССȻΪ˾Ӿһֱ׷ɱ˵
ַͽĸΪжģַ֪Ժزģȫȫ֪Լˣ
֪Ҫ˺ԼַԻ񱣻ˣֵһԼ
ĽͻˣΪתǿߣַ绹ת
ǣַĽȥת
Σַʹúڶתǿ߶ԿϴַѾʮתǿ߽ˣַתǿߵҲһԵսʮˣֻǼ䵥Ļȥɱĥ
ʮϣַͿʼˣúڶɱȻֹرպڶɱǡ
ǣһתתɱǿߵºܿ촫˳ȥܶ˿ת˾ܣ
Ȼô󣬲ÿ˶ʶַ磬Ҳÿ˶֪תǿܴùתǿߵġ
ʮַ֮ͻƵת
ͻ֮ʱַ羹Ȼʮ֮ǣһַʮ
Լ˰춼Ӧ
Ľ￴ַ罫һ֮𾪵ıһ㡭
Ȼǰͻһڶһõ֮ϡһѡ
ͻת֮Ĺ⻯ַ֪תĻͻȫΪ֮⡣
תˣַ糤һ
ͻתַ֮еٴνתѾ޵У
û꣬Ľתˡ
ַ绹תĽȻתˣǸַĶ֣
ַֻʮУܽĽơ
ǰһַĽ˰ת
תƬѾǳܼûɱΪת˸Ͳ࣬ǾŴˣǺ;Ŵմһϵˡ
û˻ΪƬȥɱռƬûȥռ˭
ַɱһתǿ֮˵ļ䣬֪İתǿһһǧ
ת˶ڼƣڼơǧڼƣôɱɱֻ꣬һǧ򣬹ַɱô
ԭַӼ֪תˣǽֶдн֣ȻҲȫԸȫԸǲԴģ壬㽫屬飬ԴָҲֻʱ⡣
ĻҵõĥҲɱˡ
취ȷܺãȴãΪ˶࣬Ƭ٣ƬͲֻѡȥɱ˵õƬƬĻ˭Ըɱ¾֮У


559 ʳ
ַոսɱһˣ֮Ǽ˸ܲ˵Ϣ֪˳ˡ
ַĽﻹû߶ãͱʮתǿߵסȥ·
һˣȻɱսˣ
Ϊ׵ǿĽʻΪĽɱǵˣΪַֻһת˶ѡ
ȻǲʶĽȻαװò˶ԭװ׵Ůô࣬ɰǧģĽ֮ǰҲǴŲŲģԺţЩתǿҲƬ򣬸Ͳȥ˭֪ʲô˭ʶ׵ŮԼ׵ŮܶǶʶ
ȻЩ˸û֣Ҫ֮ٶ֣һ׵Ůɱ˵Ļ鷳ʹˣ׵Ůɱ˶ν
Ϊİתǿ߶ÿ֮ж߸ϵģİתǿ߶Щ˵ݵλࡣ
ַǰ֪ɱˣ֪Ļ϶ɱˣΪַðɱˣԼͻƲת
˱˵ļ䣬ַ֪Щ֪ôЩˡ
ֱַӵɱģҽַ磡λ˵ҵְɣ
ַ磬һַ˶ˣַǳ˶֪һַ˴ף
ȻַǺ˵ģϢһʮʮ٣Ķˣͱˡ
Ϊ׵ɫһ䣬¾һл׵Ǹַô
һлףôô
ַԳϣûҡ
Ѿûŭ⣬Ÿת֮ʱһлף˵ðµĻȷʵе㲻ţоµϢתǿߣܸܲһᣬһ£ָָҡ
˵ǳί񣬶ҷӣ˵ָ̺
ַһڴӦã룡
룡
ַһѾӰЦռ˵ѾûˣһתĿռǿ߾ԻΪͬȼ켣ǲò׽ģַֻת˳Ĳ׽ַ켣
ַ֪Ըı䴫͵յ㣬á͵ı䵽κһλá
׽ַǧ֮תǰǧ֮ú֮ҵ˹ȥ
ǣոת֣Ͱвã֮ʱַѾǧ֮ǧֵĺֶ֮ȥ
ַ֮󣬼ͣ˷ٸַӰÿһַ綼ҵĹе߷
ƣ
ǿðתַеĹƿӰҲȫ顣
쿴ǧַ֮磬ЦµĿռȷ߾磬Ҷ׽´͵Ĺ켣ҳϸ·ǳܽұƵĴ·磬Ǹµûǿҿƿµй£óıҼʶһ°ɡ
ַã
ַϣ˷ǳȷԼɱǸתǿǿһֹɱǸתǿߵʱַֻ˵ͺ֮ɱˣȻתǿ߷ǳѲַúڶ
ַüĳһתĺڶռֱͣߵתǿ߳ȥ
һ㶣Էûзʩôֱ߳ôǵַüĵĺڶͻȻɼǧ׵ľͺڶ֮ʱɫһ¸ˡ
ڶ쳣ǿƺҪȥһ㣬ǧ֮ڶȥ뽫ڶɢ
ǣһʧˣеڶȫɣ
˿ַ̣ĺڶֻǧ׾룬оһ޷ֿԼɶǰȥӺڶ֮ӵԶ
ǣٴʧˣ̫ˣ־޴ޱȵѾȫͿ죬Ӳߣ
Ҫڶ֮ʱڶͻȻʧоһְֻԼ顣
Ȼͷ쿴ַԼЦš
ȫ亹ųһ𷽲ԵһĻ͸ֲܵɵֿһļºͺ¡
ˡ
ַڶǿޱȣһֱɵֻǺѣûɹ˽ȥַ粻ɻˡ
ַڻȫƿغڶ֪ڶһʲôĴڣһ˽Լꣿ뷨ַԼܲˡ
ܽô
޷⣡
ַԼʲô⣬ȥɻˡ
˵ˣҲң֮⣬ʲôûɹ
ַ£ķڷҷǸתǿߵȻǸɱģҲܹˣǣ
˵Ҫߣûа취ַ׶ܻܣ˭
ַĽȥĽݼĵַ̣Ľݼдĥȵͻ˰תַȥҾҵˡ
ݱַɱǸתǿߵļ䣬˺ܿҵĽݼĵ̣Ҳһڳɽɽﵽˡ
˽Ҳûᣬû˹ܡ
ĽСá
ЩʶĽ˿ʼĽк
ĽСã찡ҿĽСǰתˡ
ż񰡣ǣ찡ôô졭
ǺĽСһǸ˿϶ַˣ
ţףôת
תôˣתʱһȭҷףתˣֻ˵ǿˣʲô
ĽСиַλǿôͳ˰תǿˡ
ǰĽС㻹ûʱǰתĽС㶼ǰתˣ軹ǰתҲˡ

硭
Ľ濴һˣ˹ȥȻǰȥıסǸˡ
ôˣתˣ
⡭ôܣǲã
ǲ˭ģˣ㵽˭
Ľֱӱ𾪵ĺˡ
ĽݺݵĽͷһ£˵˭öʶˣҴ򣡡
Ľ黹һ𾪣ãϴμʵǴתŶûмתˣһˣҲ̫˰ɣ
Ľϴμʱ򣬸תתҸ˺þöûҵ磬Ȼǵ˵ͻˣȻתҸ˺þúþãûҵ磬Ҿ֪ڰת򣬸ͻƵҲܿ찡
ҿ죿ĽĵҿôҸоϵϢһǿ찡Ҵ򲻹ˡ
ĽЦû°磬ԺС㣬ֻҪҳԵģܺ
Ľߡ
ַ翴ó˵ĸǳá
СãͻƵô죬ǲǸַйء
ѽѽַҶˡ
Ľתͷеַ磬ô߸ҽʶҵˡ
ַôߣǲɡ
Ľţַ磬Ҿ磬Сҵ磬λַ磬ҲҵĽݴ硣
˫ʶʱĽһ㶣Сãղ˵ɶַĽݴ磿
Ľǰһתַ֮ǾͨʱŮװһֱ֪ǾͽݳνֵˣԣһֱǺֵܣ
綼ַ֪Ľһ£ôֵˣ
ĽûжʣΪַݱȽ⣬Ľǲʵġ
ĽЦȻҶֵܣԺԼˣ֣ȻˣɣûʲôдֵģҪĥֵһѵģ϶ܰﵽ֡
ַЦȻĽô˵ҾͺմĽֵĵˡ
ĽͲַĽݼҵĵ̡
ܿ죬Ľݼϵ˶ַ֪Ҫĥÿ˶ǼѣȲַ罻֣λ׵ǿ߽֣
дĥֲˣû˻Ầµģ˱ȫ飬û¾ͺˡ
ַһ֮󣬾Ϳʼĥˡ
ַҪĥʱɽһҵǿ߶ǰս
ַˡ
ַ֪Լ̫ˣѾԽ˾Ŵ׵ںܶַڲǺַֻΪûȥѡ
ַ翪ʼһ˶սֻ΢һ˵һ½˴ˡ
ˣַУ˴ɡ
ӵ˵ʱַоһѹʮַ֮绹Ӯˡ
ս˶ַҲûʲôر֮ǻռʱѣƾȡʤ
ȥܰת˺ףǾתܶ˶ʼˣ˶ΪַֻĥûɱС
ַÿ춼ĥģսҲʧȥȤ
ַֻ̤ܽʵأһȥĥԼԴûпַʧȥ˹ۿȤ
ַһֱĥӶսԼѹԼٵž顣
תתҲͻƵģ
һǧתǿߣˣġ֮㹻ˣҲĥ㹻ˣ˶һأ
ԣҶչظȥɱġ
ȻַҪĥҶǻϵģλǿùϵԺ϶кô
֪˶ٸ£ַͻƵת
ͻת֮ʱַһٶ֮ͻƣ
ڵתˣתҪͻƵת͸ˡ
˵Ѿһָ߶ȣַѾڰתǿ֮޵ˣ
ǣַ˵͵Լĺ֮Ͱתǿдĥַ緢֣ԼĥľǳĿ졣
ַÿŴɱɱϼʱһȺ˺ȾƣƼҲȤܲ߸ɱҪöˡ
һ죬ַͻ˰תͻưת֮ʱַ˼ǧ֮졯ַġ֮졯ˣĽݼṩַ粻֪˶٣ǻǲַ֮ڵĺڶһ޵׶һô
ǣַˣֱȥͻƾתҪġַ֮꾹Ȼ֮Ŀֲ
һ֮һڸ֮죡ַٶ֮֮󣬲ͻ˰ת
ΣĽﲢûôͻƣҪͻƵת̫ˣĽ츳ٸߣٸԲһ޷Խϰڵ
ôˣĽﻹ޷ȥ͸ھתһϰ
񿴵˾תţźѾˣôߣ߲ȥ
һַǳֶĸо
Ȼָо޷ģҲ޷ģĿĻַ磬ַأؿ϶ܽ⣡
ؼĽûκ⣬;磬ĸ򶼵ͻƾתٽ㣬ͻƲˡ
תַ֮ڰת޵ˣַȥҾʳˡ
ȻַһȥģַҪĻĽ룬ʳɱԻĽݼҵĲͻΪĽݼȫɱֶԸĽݼ壬롣
ֱַӷɵ˾ʳĵ̡
ɽǺ̲ͬǣｨ˺ܶӲӵĹɽư硣


560 в
ַɽȥʱҲû˹ܣҶæԵģûѾ֪Ѿһ֮͡
£һ¾ʲôط
ַһһģˡ
ȻַҲôֱɱȥ룬ҵ˽֮˵
ŶǾĵ̡
ַҪʱ˸ַ紫ҷȰһ䣬ҵ˶ǣҸоеɱʲôڣܷ»Ƿ£ǲҪȥĺãҪȻûģȻʵɱûɾһ㣬ٶתǿߡ
ַһ㶣˺ܲϲ
лѡ
ַԶ̻Ի͵Ĺ˹ȥ
ſڣǼЩΪǳֻǴܾѣԣЩתǿߴĶѡ
סַ磬Ǿ˵ĵط˷Ըˣ֮ǲκο˵ġ
ַ絭ĵô˵ˣ
£Щһֱڹǲ͵ģء
ַû˵ֱ˼˵ꡣ
ַɱ˺Ϣַܶ˵ֻô򵥡
ǣַɱ˻Ǿˡ
ΪЩ˴ģһϵЩˣǿ϶ڵһʱ֪
ܿ죬תǿַ߳
Ϊ׵ĵ£ʲôˣȻǵĵɱǵˣ
ַ絭ĵҾԣĳˣġ
һסˣвôһܵ˵ܲ˵ȥǲô
Ȼ˲вһǿߣǰҲǰתǿߣֻǹһˣѵвôôô
𣿹Ϊ׵˴Ц˵ɣ˵ʶ㣡
ֻûж֣ͺһԷ׵Ķӣɱ˿ɾǴˡ
ַû˵˵ǽһеð취
һ룬ַѾתǿߵǰѾ˰תǿߵ֮ϣȻһתǿ˶Ƭ
˴󾪣˿ַֻ̣ʮײľ룡
˱Ҫ֣ǿֱַŴˡ
Ϣһתǿǰһоɱˣ˾תǿߣ˸
ַ絭Ķ˵ȥǵӳɣڻûȤɱǡ
˻ǺȻַûɢʲôѹԼŵѹԼѹˣ
ַ磬һսûУ
ڳȥ
һ֮һźɫ֮˴ٶתǿߴӴһƯ
ַĿ⵭Ŀ֮ˣ֪˿϶Ǿ
˵ĸоǳƽһɽһ㣬һЩѹֵϢ
ʲôˣ
ǳƽ
ַȾΪƽɱӵˡ
ַشķǳֱӡ
£ַĻž񾭣̩ɽǰɫȻЩף˸һ˿˿Ϊ˾ľ֡
ѹһԼĵɱҶӣҲΪҶӱˣʧˡ֮ôˣҲûҹ鷳֮ҲûΪҶӱû뵽ɱΪǻɸΪ񲯣ôˣΣ
ˣַЦΥ˵ӿҾҪɱҲɱӣںΥɱң˵ôǿڻлվ˵ô
ɫѿô
ôַЦɱӣҲûʲôﱾɱ¾磡ʹڻɱң֪׿Ҷӣʲô㻹أԲõĻһƹˣҪҴ򣬺ǺǡҾɱˣ
Цַ磬ҸӣŴӣ¾ôˣȻԲѣһ˵ǹƥǵܲ죬ɣ
ַЦ׶סңƾ㣿
ס㣬ֻĵѣ֮ûн֣´ҵ벻ףϸһ£ףֻһЩ׶ѣΪܶԿŴ𣿡
ַƽĵ㲻ϧȻִԲҾǾʳʧ
ϣ
һ£ٶһ£ųַ硣
ֻһ£Ϊ֪ǰַǴŵһȭҷ׵ˣ
Ȼܶ˶֪⴫ſ϶ЩԹʵˣ޷粻ˣַ϶ʱ˰취׵ģʲô׵ʱˣ
һˣЩ˻ûд֮ϾѾˡ
Ȼַ˵Щô·һ
˫һ֣֮ս֮Ӱɣռ䱾Ͳ󣬵˿Ӱַķӡ
ַһ֣ܵĲҽ֮֮ͬУַ޵еģɱˣַûаѹ
һʱ䲻ٶתǿ߶Ѿ¡
ûӣһӵʱߣӡ
Ǿʳܲﱻɱӣ飿
ҲԳȥȣûȣȻͬһˣҲֻܺԼˣԼ¡
һɱľȥȣô˶֪Ѿɱ˾ˣܿ죬Ҿͻ֪˭ַû˸ַġ
ŭַ磬ɱңҴ粻Źģ
ַЦ֪ǾҵƷǳϲ˾㣡ͲȥأΪôҲֻӵķݣΪܵô
ɫһҰףַ磬Ҵǲϲңʼĵܵܣ˶ϲңһǸ߸ϵģɱңҴһΪұ𣡡
ǺǣûǸģ
ھֵַ֮󣬾֮޵Ŀ־壬֮󣬱ַĵ걬顭
ַҡڵ˳ȥ˶ַ֪֪˾£û˸Ҷַ硣
ַڵ˶ֻ֣ҪһַͻԥĴɱ䣡
ǣ˶ַ˳ȥû˶֡
Ȼû˶ַ֣Ҳûɱˣ߿շȥ
˿̣Ŵʥ̳ΧչأǶʥ֮ŸдܵƬǴʥ̳֮еķӡ֮ϴġ
˵ֻҪƿʥ֮ŵķӡܴʥ֮ţʥ֮Ŷͨĳڡ
Ǿ£Ŵ뾡а취޷ʥ֮š
ʱͻȻоһǿҵϢ֮ʧȻ󾪡
Ȼ˸ҵĵɱǸĵܵܣ
ѣȻϲĵܵܣʼǾΨһڵ׵ܵܣ
İ˴ԣҲһ㶡Ƕ֪ǰתǿߣ˭ɱھʳĵɱˣ
˾Ŵ֮⣬˭ǾŴ
Ŵͬʱ뵽һˡַ硣
Ӱܿʧ˴ҲǸȥ
ַոշɳ˾ʳĵ̲ã߷ľŴ
ŴַǴӾĵطɹģѾˣַɱġ
ŴַѾͻƵ˰תж𾪲ѣϴμַʱתǰת
ɫܲÿǱɱģֱӹȥһУַ磬Ҳǲġ
ַ磬ΪҪɱҵ׵ܵܣ
ַ磬֪ࡣ
ַ絭ĵ֮ǰתܵɳʮתǿɱңԣıģãֻɱܵܺˣ鲻õĻʳûˣҪΪ׵ܱܵ㾡ɣ
㣡
ûлַĻ֪ԼܵܵĶַɱģԵܵܵԸԻַ籨ġ
ַвַ̣磬㵱ҰǾһ𣿡
ַкβңڳˣһնݳԺòҪʲô˼ҪȻ㿪
зߺ޲ѣûа취ֻһȻȥ
Ҳַȥ
Ŵȥ֮жַĻ
ڴҿ˰ɣҵ˵ãԺԻǵͷϣڣɱҵܵܣвң˵Ҫ˾ʳǰתͻƾתĻһԸǣ
ϼ˵ûַһ仰˵þ˼ѾˣþһĶԸǣ
Ľϼ㲻ҪΣȫǾҵ˲ȣŭַ磬ַôģֻǾҪ£ǲַ磬ַԲԸǣ
սЦ˵Ľݣ㻹ΪַŮô紫˵ϢַŮ˦ˣŮˣŮÿ춼һʲô£ŮŮߣ綼֪Ůַ£ȴŮԺôˣϸɣַϲŮôô
ĽɫܲÿҲ֪£ַŮ֮£綼ķзµȷǵĽϺݺݵһơ
̹ŵҾַԻɱ֮ˣµȷǾҵĴַ籨ɱˣҲûиϾɱֻɱɱ˶ѣûʲôס
̹ţ˵ַ粻ɱ֮ˣַ֪ɱ˵ʱɱ˶ôɱ˱ǹ˻Ҫ༸ٱһɱ֮ˣһر̹ţǵõħ;ŮĻɱַ磬ȻǺͽˣΪַɱԲǣҵһǴΧɱַʧܣ֮Ҳ£׼ַ磬ַҲһֱûж֣ǵΪ֮ȥ̹ţҾַԸġ
̹ųĬˡ
弫ʱҪɱַ磬˶ûпַֻ֣Ͽֻ˴ŵ飬ǶûпôֵģҪɱַ˵ɱ׾٣ȴŹǣΪʲôַĴΪɱˣһŹǵΪʲôҾһһʲô⣡˵ַɱǣʹһЩǶ޷ֺ۷Ƕѣ
ڣڶ뵱Σȥ⡣
弫˵ûַɱǵı£ΪʲôһʼʱѹǣǱǱƵû·ˣ˵ɱǣȷʱҵڻ⣬һ⣡
սλ˵ַôһ־ͰǴˣҪɣҽΪԼȡ·ôһʼ˵⣬ƬԴ֮壬ôܣΪʲôҪ˵ɴңǻôȫΪ˸ԼǾǳмֵǾͲɱҲ˵ڿʼʱַĽݺϼɱôҪɱַ磬ַ类Ƶ·ˣ۷ˣǣǣ


561 Ԥıɱַ
ֵַôȥҾˣΪλҪȵת˲ȥеһж֤Ǳַˣˣ
ķۣиɻеһ𣬶ַ֤ˣǣ
ַôǻʲôͰѾŸ˲ھˣ
ϼҹַڶǵĶ֣ܴǵĻͻ˼ɵĽʳȫ룬ַʱɱ˶ˣôһΪʲôɱ°Ѿʳ˼ŭ˾ʱƴô죿ΪԼһ֣ǿַ磬ַΪвʵʹ򲻹
ʱϵǷĶǳǣֻǵƲѣǶΪϴַˣˣһַôأλȥɱַ磬ûҲ룬Ҫɱɱ˫һˣҵ£
ֻҲôΪҪɱˣȥҵ֪ûַ磬Ҿַ粻Ըҡ
ĽҲ˼ַʲôСŮ£ⶼС֮£ǲȥģЩַһֱСŮһ𣬶ڰתʱַҲһֱҵĵַ̣ҵûжġ
ŭһԱһǴһʤˣǶûǰɣܺãǻǵǵġԼ𣿴ͳһ֮ʱͶƱϴɱַʱĸΥԼΣǻ⣿ô˵ôˣǾֵ֮ĸͻᵴȻ޴棡ֵ֮ʹ˾ѣ
˵ķǳȴҲһʵ
ĽҪɱַ磿
ûһҪַأ󻼣
սϼ弫ͬɱַ硣
ϼĵĽݡ̹šֻأĸҪϴִԲô⣬ǲܵģΣǱѡһӪҪǸһɱַ磬ҪǾֵܼ棬ݣ
̹ʱˣɱַ磬ʱȷַ綯ɱ⣡ôַ᲻Լأ
̹룬һҧãҴӦǣ
̹ҲˣֵһѾ£ʱΪĲ׵λá
ʱƣ˵ĹϵûǰôˣҶѶԷڽ£Լһף
ǾŴս޼˭Ҳ򲻹˭˭Ҳɱ˭ԣŸ˾һֱ׵ڡ
ǰܶ£ϵʱ򣬶ͶƱӶ飬ľֵڲˡ
ϼ˵ķǳ飬̹ҲˣʣµĽֻˡ
ǲɱַ磬ɱַӪҪԼֵΪУ
ôȥѡѵΪºֵܾô
ʣµϱòоǳΪѡ
ĽһЩ俼ǿΣҲϸһ룬Ҿ¶ڴһʱ嶯֮ľǰʲô£ҶҪϺܾãеʱǺü꣬ڣô޷ѡ񣬸Ǽʱɡ
ãǼʱ䣬ַСȻͻƵĿ죬ոͻưתҪͻƾתһǸǳ£ʱ治ʲôǲ

֮һϢϯĽݼҵĵ̣ϯתȻԸٶӣһֱʥ֮أϯ磡
ĽŮĽҪͻƾתˣ
ŵõϢʱ֮ǰ֪ˣ
ʵ˼ͻˣֻͻ֮ųϢˡ
ĽݼתǿˣĽλλˣ
ͳڱˣ֪ᷢʲô¡
˵ǸַҲĽݼңĽݼˡ
ǰַĽݼҵŮĽǺð
ʲôãѵ㻹ַ֪ŪŮˣȻŮ˸˦ô

תͺԱߵ̸۹ַ£һһ㶵ġ
Щ˶Ǿͺµˣͺ˴һתʼһֱھǵı֮ĥ˴ûʲôΣգôһ·ѾͻƵת
µ½㣬ǿеַǲҪҵˣ
ĵ˭ôͷֹһŮģҵһҪúõĽѵ
ţµǣԲŪ˸˰ǲʲô᣿
ʱȻ֪ˡ
Ů̸֮ʱӰŮǰ
º˲ŴϿĳ⼸Ǿҵˡ
λС㣬ǻȥ
ȥ˶ǲ⣬תûм죬ôǻȥأ
Ҳûжʣ͸Щ˻ȥˡ
֮ϣͺ˼ӣվһߵߣߵĳмƣº֪׾
ûκϢͺһͨˣĿĴͺµɨ
ͺ¼֮󣬾Ѿ֪ҵݣǼ⡣
鵭ĵ뽲
ǲһֱΪʲôӶ˸չˣһİȫɳҿԸˣΪԴ֮壬ǺԣǲôչǣǾҪ˲ţǾ壬ҪЧǾ壬ǿף
ǼȻѡ˾壬ȻЧҾ壬Щɴ˺չˣչǣˣݴġ
ɫĵãܺáôǣַʲôˣ
֮ôʣǴ˵ĺ֮ƶ϶ַֻܸ˸ʣԼƲ⣬֪Ůַйϵ
Ůһ󼤶µַӣΪѰַ磬ʶַ磬̫ˡ
ã̫ãûǺã֪ŮַеĹϵ˶ǾŮһ¾ܲ²⵽ַĹϵõŮ׿ڳϣõҪĴ𰸣һЦ
ϲɫЦȻѰַģôԺǾ͸ҵ߰ɣַҲ˵
лˡ
֮ŮߣҪŮĻ
ǴַΪһᣬַ֪һ֮ˣɱַǰٷְٵʤ
ͬʱԼ˫գŮһֱǳãȫԶŮһһַ絽ʱҪɱԼʱŮ棬һᱣסԼס壡
µˣַ֪ôҵַ粢ѰɣţַĽݼ壬Ľ׵ŮĽһ𡣡
ַǺĽһ𣬵ǴŶѣƮҲҲǺһļʺܸߣò˶ãǾͻġ

֮󣬾Ŵٴʥ̳ٿ顣
ĿЩ䵭ɨֻĽˣûУ˵ٸʱ䣬׼֮ȥɱַ磡ǲٵˣ
ĵˣǾֵܵһ޾ǿɱ˽ֵģϽû£ЩҶˣ˸߸ϵλ֮󶼱ˣ뷽跨סԼĵλߵˣ뽫˲ڽ£ÿ˶ΪԼսֵܵĸԽԽˡǰֵ֮Ϊ˴ȥԸΪֵܸһЩȥκ£أ˭Ը⣿ÿ˶ͲȥʲôıǣôȨλôЩ˵ЩǹƣΪʲôǻҪȥȨΪʲôѲ˵Ǳˣ˵Ķˡ
ΣͬǣֵͬһսǣһսһκֵǲսҵÿֵܶǺܾǰ޾ʱЩֵܣһս֮ʤˣҾͷ׵λãȥԼһ򣬴һ磬һӡԼӡԼļ䣬ȥѰЩѾʧȥĶ
Ļ˴ĵΪĵطֵܣֵܸ鼸ѾȻ޴棬ǰŸһ𣬴˵ֵ֣Ҷ֪˴˶˵ֵܣֵܵĸ˵ģҶأֵܹߣÿֵ֮ĸ鶼ߣʵأûиˣֻʣ¸Եˣ˵ٶĸ飬ûУ⻹ô
˶пһָֻģЩѾǹȥˣѾҲָоˣ׷ˣĿˣҲ֮ˡ
ںܶ˵ĶƱģΪܶ£ڲ֪֮иı䣬ԼԼ˵ʱѾˣҲǰǸԼˡ
ֻЩһֱӺȥǴҲȥûƿʥ̳ķӡҴַϿϣǵδҲŲɱַ硣ҲֵֻܺվһˣҲΪҸ˵ϣȥֵǷĿΪֵǵıߣԣҼ룡ⳡսǰˣ϶ǾֵܻһҲǾ֮ýְɣ俴ЩȥǾһԲӮˣҾͺ˵һһȻȥѰһЩӣ̫ˣĸúúõϢһˡ
ֻˣֻʣĽ
Ľ֣ھʣһˣ̬ɣ
̬Ľ˵ԼԸôԼŮѾ˾תǿˣȫַԼŮ
ǰλȥŮַһĽҲŮ֪˺ַ֮ĹϵĽȫȥĽַһֱĽݼҵĵ̣ĽݼµĹϵĺܺãԼҪȥɱַô
ĽǴҲַ֪ĽݼߵĺַܽŮĹϵһֱܺãĴԶǿճ磬ַĽݼҵ˶ǳãڸȥĽݼɱַ磬ôŮôȥַ磿
ϼĵĽݣѵ˼ǣҪսַǱˣ
ĽǳΪѣһҧҲԲλֵܣҲԲַŮ룬ҺһȥĽݼɱˣʲô𣿡
ŭĽֵµĸҪһҪҪֵܣǽʹף
Ļ˶һ㶣Ľ֣˿϶
Ľһ»ˣʲô˼ѵҪɱң
ûݺݵĵ㲻վһ𣬾ǵĵˣڲɱ㣬ȴʱ
ĽЦĻҲ˵ĳãܺãбɣɱң


562 ս˴
ͻȻĿ֮һƬѪ죬ǿҵɱϱ
˵꣬һ⣬Ľɡ
Ȼ֮ܽĽһлɣΪĽûжܣҲûл֡
ĽԶ˹һ˿Ѫŭ㵱Ҷ֣
ЦѵҪڷôˣʱǻǵˣҪһսɱõʱ
ĽЩĵһı
ĽãɱɣҾԲܣ޾ǿȹΣұǷģɱҾ͵һģҪӦһ£ҪŮ
ЦŮŮô̵ʱѾͻ˾תΪһŹŮŮɳΪ㱨ô
㡭ɥĲ񣡡Ľҧгݣѵˣֵܡ
ֵܣ㻹ǵֵܣ͸һվͬһս֮ϣǱѣıѣ㻹˼˵ֵܣ
ĽЦãԣɱҰɣҲˣŮǺַһģɱŮôҵˣǺܿ죬ֵǣ
ǣȫȫһĽȴ골ûһ
ĽǷ˵ģǲǷģ
ֵܼȻҪĿôͻǷһУ
ľͺеһУҶˣ
ĽĿ
ؼʱ̣ͻȻĽǰȫ֣ס˾Ĺ
䣡
˵໥ܿ컯ΪС
ŭʲô˼Ҳô
ĽǷȴǷĽݵҪɱɱҰɣ
ʱֻҲ˳ĵҲǷĽݵҪɱĽݣһɱ˰ɣ
Ҷþ̫ˣѾȥˡ
ĽҪվַǱߣʱɱַ磬ɱĽݱǣʼնֵܣڸ鵭ˣеЩõļԶ޷ĥģ
̹ʱ̾һҲ˳̫ˣҲǷĽһҪɱͶְɣһỹֵģҾԲվɱ
ڵѾ޷ƿˡ
ãҧݺݵĵҷĽߣô
Ľ̹šֻͶԸм񣬶ȥ
Ľص֮ܲҵַĽ
Ľ￴׵ɫԣܴæϰ֣ôˣ˭ˣ
Ľܴҵˣ϶ˡҽǸһ£֮ʣµİ˴׻ɱǣ
ַĽͬʱһ㶡
Ľ鶼ַ硣
ַ֮˴ףǺǣãܺãұԸǣǾȻأȻǸҾð˴׶Ϊʷ
Ľַôģʱİַ磬мɰգ
ַ絭ĵʮɣϴףǾȻ֪ڸģߣ֮ɱˣھȥˣ
ĽȻַľĽİַһܽ˴ܣ
Һһȥ
磬Ҳȥ
Ů˶Ҫַȥ
ַðɣǲҪ֣һ˾͹Ҳ˳¡
˻ʥ̳ķȥ
ַһʥ̳һϵļ̳оŲ㣬һʽĽ̳׷ԲֳһֵĹͭɫ̳֮ϵĸ츴ӵĽ֮ɢĳصַܵһַӡӡӰΣӡ֮ɢĳĹ켣켣쳣أַ綼֪ʲô
޾ĴƬɢռ䣬ƬܶȺǰת򱶣
صûھŲǸ֮ߵľţǸǡ֮ţҲ֮ţֻƿˣܴԽǵţȥ棬ʱұ˴֮ǺɴҽǸš
ַĿɨǵţǺһȷǳͨţûаӡͭźôȻģıպţһƾܴ򿪡
ָоǳ֡
κ˶֪ǵſ϶һͨţκҲƲǵţ
ַʵźʲô
صźյ㡭
ַ缱æյ㣿ʲôյ㣿յ𣿡
صҲҽȥ֮źʲôûУһƬޣһָоźһУҸо˵ĳʼǵź棡ǵźܿǧ棬ܸܵʱϢǡһƬޡ
ַһͿֺһʲôЩ˵ĸо
ؼַ磬ϸֻҵĸоѣҿֻޣΪҵĸ߶ȣǽȥˣȻ֪ˡ
ַɵʥ̳ϿգĽŮûи
ȻַľַҪһ֮˴
˴ͬʱоɱ׷˿ַ綼һ㶣ǻûȥɱˣ˼Ѿˡ
ַ絭Цţ˵λҪҵҹһʣǲôһ£
ַƽı飬ЩζЦݣ˸֪ôˣͬʱпһ¡
ַ磬ҲΪУԴĿˣսթ뽫ǾŴڽ£ϴƭˣΣӳǵģ
ַƽЦţ˵ҴûԸǣھ£ȫǲȣ˵ˣֻɱҪɱˣҲûжʲôҪϾɱĻһὫǾʳѵǰ˸ΪôƨҪô
սַ磬㲻ҪװģˣûõģΣǲݣ
ַЦһݣðһأһ
ǰģͬǰһģȻͬˣ϶һˡ
ַǰ˸һĻˣǿҪˣҪΪУҲɱǣǵееˣҶɱһɶʱ¾ûмˣȵϫ֮ʱ¾Ǻ֮ʱ
Цַ磬˰ɣ˵ĻԷϹǿ㲻
£ַ粻мĵֻΪѣ㾹Ȼ˵£˰ɣҸǣһԸһλᣬֻüҾ͵ʲôûзǰִԲֻôɱ䣡
ЦܴùǣϻôϴһˣǣΪλˣ𣿡
ַı۾˫ĿȻ˵ʼȫת
ַռ˴ķ˹ȥ
˴ͬʱ֣Բ֮ڶ֮ʶǣַδͶӲ˴ķΧ
ַոմͳ֣ǿĺֱ֮ӽַɣ
Цַ磬ǰ֣ʶԸһĵطǵʶַΧ֮ڣеͱƿأﴫͣǵͻеĹᱻ飬ʲôɱǣ
䣡
ַٴαɣʮεĴַͣ۽͵ôȥƶתַ۴ðܵĹ
ַٶڡ֮ȫԱܿĴˣַ޷ȫˡ
ַоԼһ̶ķûţûдôӶӲȥ
ǣǽڷ飡
ַ粢ûСǽΪַڰ˵Χ֮ĥԼʱͿռ
˾޴ѹ֮£ַĸܵ˵ڿٵĽ
ַԲܴǧѷĺûᣬΪֻλַеõõĥҪͻƾתĻͱھתǿߵѹ֮ĥ
ַȻһδεĺɣַʣ㱻ڴ嶼ˡ
˴׿ַ类Ǵĺ޻֮İȻʱ˲ַ磬ַĵĲˣַڣ
ǲַ֪Ǻ壬ԴϢ˵Ҳǿռʱ໥໥е޾
˴ַʵԼԼ
԰˴׵µĵ̣Ŀǰսϼʮ꣬Ĳꡣ
ԣⳡսעһ־ս
˴Ҳ뽫ַɱַһֱͣÿռ䴫ͣÿ֮ھҪϰٴΣٶȣ˴ײͣͬʱ֣һڵӬĸоÿΰ˳֮ʱÿÿʽǸǧƵַ޴
˴ȻƵַÿʱÿ̶Եÿ˶ַ綼޷ΪַĿռ䴫ʱ޿̵ı任ţֻʶַ磡
˴׺ַַ࣬ڽһֱĥ˴Ϊַȫַ֪ǵĥʯ
ģ˴׷ǲ׽ַӰʹ͹켣ԽԽѣǷʱƣַûм˥ߣٶԽԽ죬ռ䶼ĻӰǵÿδȥַ类飬һ˲䣬ַ³֣
ʱ˴׷֣ƾǵٶȶ죬ǵǿǶƿصĶô׽ַ
Ϊǧǧַ綼ûһǼٵģٶȴﵽһޣ˴׵ʶַٶȣ
ַо˵ĥѾֻôһͿԲ
ַڵľתתĻַţ˵ͻȫԲ
˵Ѿĥϣʱַĥ
ַĳˣ˵ַƵĴͣܲ͸ĹַҲܴͣ
˴׽ķַ֣Ѿʼǵƿˣ˿̣ǲŷַ֣Ƕսַһֱĳɳֳɳǽð˸˵
ַЦǴһʮ꣡ڸҳˣ
ûⳡսȷѾһʮ꣬һʮʱ޿̵Ķսû˸оƣǰ˴ԽԽѣַԽԽɡ
ɣ
ַüһɫתУ˴һͷŵƿһ˽ȥ
ַ˲յĸɸɾһ˿ʣ
һ˲䣬ַ֮ڵĺڶٴνռַһ룡
ַãԼˣĸǿѾǿļޣ
һַǳĸоַһ˺ڶǲûʲôӰ죬ַоԼӵǿ
ǿַֻʶоǿ󣬾ͺһֻþһ㣬ֺһĸ򣬶ֳǿ
ַ罫˴ǵ飬﷽ԲһƬգ
֮УȫʧЧƾ˴ײ׽ͿǿһжʧЧˣ
˴״󾪣Ƕףַһֱʵ
ַǰǧ֮޾ĺڶǶˣһκַ棬ϼ͵Ϯַ֮ʱַڶϼĹ


563 ǲף
ǣʱַĺڶǳǳСǴʱĺڶȻϯǧ
˴ִַƿصĺڶȥܽʥ֮ɣ߽еɣ
ַԼҲû뵽ڶȻǿַ缰ʱסڶ»ӣַԼҲ֪ڶĵжҲ֪ڶûоͷ
ڶǧַ緢ֺڶԼĿƣһƬƬɽϿȡȫ˺ڶ
ǵһַúڶַ֮߳ûоţûֹҲû֣ΪַоڶһУ
ַоڶﶼӰԼ꣡
˵ɽַо綼ɣ
ַ翴ԼĺڶѾȫԽԼַоӴ˴Ҳֻ·һ
ǧ﷽ԲѾַɳ޾գ֮޷˵λ״ֲַ̫Ǻһڶɢ
ڶǧַ֮Ҳȥƿأ϶˾޴ȥͣǲܵģԣ˴ΪǺһܴɢַĺڶ
˴ַڶһֱˣǶоֻҪڶȥĿܣ
ȫַĺڶĺȥ˴ֵȫһ֮ܽһ
˴׵Ĺǵϣǵƺȫܽڶе֣
ַĺڶƺǣڰ˴׳ֵ˲䣬ڶѾ
˴еַ˺ڶַ꿪ʼ飬Ǳֱ֮˺ڶ
˿ַ̣˰˴һ֮֮ڵĺڶռַֻ֮ʣ֮һá
ǣַûиоκε쳣Ǹоڶٴν
׵ĹҲǺ֮⣬ǿַĺڶҲǵ
˴ÿ˶亹ǰȫһȻʯ󺣣ʧȻȫһַĺڶ޷ɱַ磬ǰ˾Ҳûлɱַˡ
ȴǵֻ
ַô
̫ǿַĥַͣúڶɱ˰˴ףԼʲôĥԼ
ǣַȻڶķΧСС׷Բð˴׿Գܡ
˴׸źڶɿ֮ܵʱѾ֮ʱַڶȴȻС
˶ͫһȻƺֿϣ
ϼǵĹЧˣһϣ
ĹΧֻǱС˶ѣûмûпĻַǼĥʯǼһսĥѣƺһʼսһжַĿ֮УҲ˵ΣȻˣˣַҪɱǣ׾֮£ַ磬Ǽ˲ܿģ
ַֻ˵ΪУߵһ·Ǿˮˮʱַͻ˼Ҳ˺ǣҲͷϣֻҪԼĶ磬ȤûУĴˡ
̹ŵڵһμַ֮ʱĿ֮ȫǶҵ֮⣬֮ԲαװġַΪһᣬɼַһǳ֮ˣȻңôܼӺأַΪС
ֵûǿս֮ǰַ˵ΣٸǻͷĻᡭʵҺֻء̹˶ûкַΪе˼꿼ǵʱ䣬Ǽ˶ľֵܣһֱҶƽƽǴﶼһֱԾΪףεսǶֵһսĽ˳ˣĽݵ£ǱƵģ
ַʱûж֣Ѿȡ˼׵Ĵ˵ʲô
ֵֻҪɱĽݵһ̣Ѿ֪Ǿֵ֮ĸѾԶ޷صǰˡ
Цʲô˼ѵε鶼ˣڿַ޷ģƣʲôȥˣǵʱԲӦǺվһΪʲôҪһ𣿼Ȼ˵ֵܵĸѾȻ޴ˣΪλҪ˵Ϊ˺ֵһս
΢ŭǼ˸޾㱻ַɱֻͻң㻹ôΣǴشף֪ˣַ翪սΪʲôֻһǰǸ㣡ֵһ𣡿㾹Ȼ˵ĻΪΪʲôΪ棿ȨλЩܶʼĻȥ˼ô
ЦǺǣڣ˵ٶѾûˣѾûлͷˣңǸͲܣ
ַƽĵǼҪ˵Ļòãûòģǵڲìܶô󣬸ŽᣬûһģôɱңŽһҲɱңΪҵ޷ģǰѾ֤ǿˣǻҵѣǾ׼ҵĥʯɣ
˶һ㶣û뵽ַȡǵĴ
ַ磬Σˣĥʯ»ĵиˣ
ôַĵΪǰкҿʵôһʼҾͽǵĥԼΪ˺;Ŵ׶ս֮⣬˽ֶ޷ĥҵԣҾһֱĥĥԲˣҾͰһɱ˵ѾĥԲˣڸĥˣǰ˸׼ô
ַĻǶ԰˵һ裬ȫûаѰ˸˷ֱַӸ߰ˣӾҪҵĥʯĥԼɱǣǻðҵ˼ȥûзأ
̹ʱַ磬ҸԸĥʯһȫ㣬ܴܲӦңͻƵ˼֮ɱңΪ뿴ʥ̳ǵź棬ʲôһܴԽǵţʱҽȥҼʶʶҿˣʱҪɱҪϤ㡣
ַãȻ̹Ŵôг⣬ֻôӦˡ
ʱҺֻҲһֱڴľʥ֮ŵĿַ磬˵˼̹ŵ˼һҲȥʥ֮ź濴ֻ뿴ôһۣҲȴ˱Ըʱɱǡ
ַЦֻأ֪Ǻ̹˶ǲɱҵģֻ;˵ֵܸ飬ЩĽˣҶ֪Ϊ˼еһݶֵܵ꣬ѡһսһ㣬ΪһжʵϣϴξҪɱ֮ʱǳ汣ҵķϣһʼҸûɱǾɱҵףʼһҪ뿪ˣҶҲûʲôȤĽȫɱˣΪǵңҲ뿴ģһδصˣҾԲŹ
̹šֻԣЩַ粻ɱ˹ȻǺãѾɡ
ڣѾַ֪ʼնûҪھŴΪУֻǹǵ̫ˣŰʯͷԼĽš
Цãܺãֻء̹ţǶҵıѣ
ͻȻ߲ԶͻȻ֣˷ֱֻغ̹˳֡
ֻء̹˸û뵽ͻȻ֣Լֵ֣ܳǰĽݳֶ֣˳֣Ǳѣıѣ
˸ûжԾ˿ķھַ˲ǰ˸ڻһӪҴµֵܣô֣ܳ
ǲܷ·ˣ
ַʹ˵˹ȥַֻܾȳһˣ
Ȼַѡ̹ţ˭ַǾ½ˣ϶Ҫ½ٵصĴߡ
Ȼַ绹ǷԼֵܺһ飬̹ŵĴˣַ統ʱħɱ˺ʱַ̹ţ͵ǻ˺顣
̹űַߣֱֻӱɱ걬顣
̹ѣϼս弫úݣԼֵǶɱǲף
ЦֻǼƻ֮еһֶѣ˭Ҳû뵽ֵᷢеĳ̶ȣҲ룬һжַģַ磬һжᷢҪ־͹ַɣҪֵܡ
̹Ŵŭ㲻Ҫֵ֣֡˵ʲôƻʲôƻ
Ц֪ĸ˲ףĽݸͲɱַ磬ԣǺַսʵʼļƻַɱǼս֮а͵ϮǼַʱȻа취Ʒַ磬ַͻȻ˵ҪŹֵȻҪɱˣҪȻûлˣ
̹ŭ죬ǡǺúݣԭأ
ûǼΥԼǲȣôͲҪĺˣ
̹ŴЦôôǼʵҵʵַ࣬磬·һ
ַоЩԾž޿ֵӣѵʲôУ
̹ţЦ̫ˣЦ˲ʤߣ㵫ַҪ˶Ҫ
ַ絭ĵʲôУȫʹɣҵҪʲôɱң
к䣬Цַ磬ʱĿˡ
䣬гˣ˽Ĵơ
ַ翴֮ɫ䡣
硭
ַ硭
ַôû뵽ͺ»ھ
ַ磬ҪˣʲôУ֪ʱܻصȥδڣǸӦһ˿Ϣ仯Ҿɱˣʱֹͣ죬ɱ˵죡
Щһֱչźº飬εĶ飬º鲻ǡ
ԣÿξŮ֮ѡΪǡʱ䣬ѯַŮַ֪ǵˡ
ʼʱŮҲԾһЩģԸ˵ʲôŮս֮ƵʹʱͿռץסʱͿռ⣬˳ѯȥַ
Ǿʱʱֹͣصȥʹδ
֪ЩҪϢ֮׵һμַ֮ʱΪʲôǵڿ㱻ˣϿˡ
Ѿַ˽͸ˣΣͲַʹʱĻᣬҲַ֪һˣһĸ鶼ôͲ˵ŵĸˡ
ԣַ㣬ץסλᣬץסַ㣬ַ
ʶѾַַ΢ЩԣĴͻɱ˺º顣
ΣַΪˣַ粻ҶģΪͺַš
Ѿתƶˣɱ˵ٶȾԱַʹʱٶȿ죡
֮һ룬Ҳɱͺ£
ַûκλᣡ


564 ַ
Ŀ⵭Ŀַ磬ַ磬ذɣˣҾͷǵŮˣҿԸʱ俼ǣܳʱ䶼ԣϲϷˣСʱôСʱ֮ǲõĻҾɱһȻٸСʱʱ俼ǡ
أ
ҧгݵĶžŭԭô㶼ǣ㶼ƭǣǾҶ˵ĺãȫƭǵġֻӣֻǵȴһ̵ļƻñɣ
ЦƭǣΣ˲ҪǣǾҵ˾ٴΣҪұ˾ǶٴΣƭǣôҾǵһʵǾұ㣬ǧˣڻվ˵ô
ĵǾҶ˺ûҲûǣǣҪǣΪǾôΣǾͻôǲǾң˵ʺս̹ŵҲܵȫıĵǣЩһٰչˣһչˣǡһжǼٵģֻ׻˽ַս˽ַĵϸһжΪ˶ԸǵˣҸ㣬̫СǵˣΪַ֪һеϢܴôˣΣˣңǵ˻ܵĥ
ЦԶвǵ˵ģץסûõģ˲ǵˣƻͷֻһЦѡ
ַһЦַ磬ˡ
⣬硭
ַɫͱ䣬飬£Ҫ
ַѾоˣºɱ
ŮΪ˲ַɱ
һ̣ʲôûзַ糤ĳһɫǳѿͷ亹
ºˣַ粻ԭԼ
Цɱ벻ǵˣϵһ㣬ڸоɱ𣿡
ͺ˶ףַܾȵǵĻͳˣͲȣŮ̫˽ַˣ˽Լ˾Բܰίڱ˿ˣвˣ֣ǿ϶ûа취
ԣŮžɱȥַ磬ΪŮַ֪ûа취ǵĻԻΪ˱ȫɱ
Ǵ˿̣ͺµȫӡɱҲûˡ
ַַ磬ùɱɣɱˣ㲻ɱǣһһӵģһӶԭ㣡
µĿͻȻЩ䣬磬ְɣˣɱǱǡ硭㲻Ҫǣ㻹ݼأ㻹Сѩأ㻹ҪչأСѩھأݼ޾ǿյأ硭㶯ְɣǲġ
ַûиоΪѹַ綯֣һᶯ֣Լֵܶɱˣʲô»
ǣͺַŮˣַţˣַ籨ˣַҲھһӣ
ء
顭
ַֻλ
Ļûڶõѡ˾ĻЩֵܶܳ϶ŵԣʱɱ˶ɱȻѡԼǷˣǲ˺ΧˣҲûжôˣں޵еģ˸ûа취ûʵΪ㱨𣬶Ƕھκʹ֮У
ص˵û֪֮ˣǷ¶Ҫһȣ޷ѡΣ֮ʱҪȡԼĺôȥɱףΪˣҲˣھΣ޷ģְɣ˾Ļͻװ׵ˣûɱˡ
ַĬǲ֪ôȥѡ
СٻʱͻȻСţ˽ٳ֣вȻԷҪɱܾңô
붼û룬һɱҾԲ£ҿԱ֤
ַͻȻסˣȰԼ֣£ȴѡɱʲô
Сٻĵ˵ĺĻΪʲôȰַ綯أ
ǸǸɶӲĳ˻⡣
Сٻ΢ŭСţ˵˵㲻˵Һģ
𡭡鼱æ˵ʵɣΪҲַַΪҸô࣬ǵĸֵܻףôַҵܽⳡΣĻԸַȥⲻܡСٻв㣬ҾԸΪȥҲԺᷢʲôҪǰ£һѡ񱣻ҵŮˣԼŮ˶ˣǻô
鼱æֹͣ˵֪Լ˵ˡ
ַһ
԰ԼŮ˶ˣǻô
ַǵãݼ½ոʶʱԼǺ¸ңһݼˣֱַվݼǰ棬Ե˵ҪҵŮˣȴҵʬϲȹȥ
֪ԼĶ֣֪һƾͻԼַ绹ǻѡô
ǸʱַֻȥݼߵŮˡ
ʱַôַ£ַԼŮ
˵ģԺᷢʲôԼǰ¾ͺãǰã̸ʲôԺأ
ַԼȫԼŮˡ
ַԾѾǺˣɱŹҵŮˣ㶼ܶҲ㣬ԣ˶ҪǩԼ
ڸоİַˣʲôУûзɾ衣
Цû⣬¹Ȼʶʱ֮ˣʲôԣ͸˵ɣʱǣòˣʲôУˣǾɱһʣ
ͺᣬͲµַô
ַ磬ΪʲôҪô
һ˵ĽĽԶ˹
ַ絭ĵҪҵŮˣҲκ£ţһԻΪұ𣡡
Ľɫǳѿַ磬ˣͻ׵ͳ֮£ԺûܴùףͰװˣɱõѡ񣡡
ĽҲַ磬֪һ֮ˣκ鶼л֣֮ǱȫŮˣˣʧĸûΪ㱨𣬿ңΨһһϣʥ֮ŵˣˣ˵ϣҲͻˡ
̹ʱַ磬ɱõѡŮˣھΣѾΪǱˣ㻹бŮҪչˣˣԲôԲˣ
ַȻǲȰˣѾ˾Բҵֵܻкܶ࣬ҵŮҲм֪ˣһȫɱ磬ΪұԣҲģ
ͺ˿ַѾ˷ƽࡣ
ƺֱǰǸĺ£ƺûκθ飬磬ˣǵˣȻˣҺ½һúõĻȥģһ죬ǻΪ㱨𣡡
ϢҲ֮仯ƺħɱ¾Ϣٴӿַ֣磬ҷģҲģˣǻкܶѣֵܶܽռ䣬ʱǴѹԶʧ
ͺ̫˽ַˣַ֪˾ôǾַľҲǶԼ˵İ
ָʽ˶Ϊ֮һڿʼʱַ绹ûоʱŮỨڣŮһĮ˵ˣ
֮ĸʽûаˣҲûʹ࣬ƺһƺҪһе
ʱƺû˻ɺºĻﶼһָоַˣŮˣǿ˵ֵܽһɱ磬ݻٺ磡
ַĿƽĿźº飬ԲֻЩˡ
ַ粻ǣԼŮ

Ľ￿ַ硣
ַСٻǿнԼ
Уַ磬Ҫʲô
ַҲҵŮȻСٻҲظһ𣡡
ػҪ˵ʲôû˿ڣֱַǿнԼ
㽻ҵš
Ľͷˮĵַ磬һô
ַһ㶣ѾʱˣҪˣһĽССԸɡ
ĽַĴϵһ¡
ͺҲַǱ𣬵ûˡ
ͻȻãҺ½Ҳһַɡ

ַȻ֮УĽһ½ġ
˵ţַĴһ¡
Ǻ½ġ
ĽٴַĴһ¡
Цַ磬˶ˣǣ
¿ַЩΪѵı飬һЦǡ
ַĽĽ˻صĽĴ
ַ֮뿪ĽĴĽĶߵʵҲϲ㡭
Ľһϲҡ
ַ֮ǰĽˣڲ˵Ժûлˡ
ϴίľܾĽַ֮Ҳ˺ܾãǸʱ·ͻȻַող֪ĽһŮģĽҲûиַһӦḶ́һеͻȻһŮ˵ϲ㣬˭һ޷ܵġַһʱû׶ѣҲ֪ԼϲϲĽ
ںĽֿĥǶʱַ˺ܾãźĽһЩ£ַѾ֪ԼϲĽģԼѾܾĽڻͷ˵ϲ£ַҲ֪ô
ٴοĽ֮ʱַоĽѾθˣַ͸ܿˣԣ˾һֱֵܵһ˭Ҳû¡
ַҪˣ֮ǰַҲûд˵ԼϲĽĽҪһַ磬ַʱףĽﻹûз£ϲԼ
ʱͺҲĽԣַĽס
ַʱ˺ǩԼ֮˲˺ÿˣݼ¡ĽĽ̹ŴǲܶĽݼκһˣΥԼ걬
ԼԼǿתǿߣҲԼѹƣ
ʹĵãôҪҾԻǵģǾⶨԼ˺ǩԼ
˶Լƿص켣ⶨԼַҲⶨԼԼ֮ԼٵתƣΪһ壬ʧ
˿̣˶ܵһԼĴڣԼ˭޷ȥƣ
ӮˣҲַɱǣַֻܺģǶӮˣַˣ


565 ѹ
ַѡǴˣΪ˶ôԲΪŮȥԼһС
ַ粻һַԸΪԼŮȥԸΪԼŮȥһУ
Цַ磬ԼѾˣ㻹ɱбʲôԣ˵ɡ
ַ̹ŴĽĽ˵̹ŴĽҺúõչҵŮˣҪκί
صĵͷ
ַ磡
ַһӺ¡Ľɨһۣ۾
ַʶĻ棬Щַһֱѹĵ׵ļ䣬ӵʼַļ俪ʼħô½ħ½ǡ硢޾ǿա硭
еİ𡢱ϣеսɱ¾еᡢЦݴַԺĻ
ԼںЩˣÿһ˵Цÿһ˵鶼ޱĴַļ֡
ַԶסЩЦЩõʱַ̣֪Լסˡ
ַ粻˿ַ̣Ųµ̫ˡ
ǣֱַ
ַѡԱһ޷ܵʹַӣʣµֻ֮һõȫը֧롭
ַ˫ۣȥӿ¡
ºȻһ£ǵʶͬʱʧȥһǳҪˣǵһ̶ˡ
½硣
С塢СèСѩСŬڳܣ
˶ڱչأĳһ̣˵۾ͻȻͬʱ˿һɹɱ˵Ϣͬʱɢ
СèôˣôĪˣҸоʧȥһǳҪˣô£ףǶˣ衭ôҲˣ
СѩЩʱգЩʣҡҲ֪Ҳ֪ô£ҺޣҺƲסԼСèҺĸоһʧȥ֮Ҫˡ
СͻͬʱʾҲͬĸо
Դַͻƴ֮СѩСèַľѪԼϵѾɢˣϵַ硣
ʱľͻȻھ磬ǰ
Χ˵գֵĵҷָооʧȥһǳҪˣһΪ˭أæһҶã龪һ԰Ϊʲôֱ˵ĸоأ
Ļһ䣬ʺں˭أ㲻ںǼɣ
Ǻǡںˣ˵ʵҴַ磬ඡǼλң˵ʵ硭ѵ
ں˵ֵַʱ˵жݺݵһʹ
ַˣ
ʱ˶ַ֪ˣ
ɫһƬҰףܣôܻ£
СèỨĽܣҰְôǿô£ܡ
Сѩַ֪絽׳ʲô£ҶҪͻƴˣȥ

ͬһʱ䣬޾ǿա
չ֮еݼͻȻоһķ꣬һʹứĲɿƵ
ַ硭
ݼڵһʱ뵽ַˣΪݼûиоʹ

磬ʥ̳ǧ׸߿ա
ĽＱæס˴Ӹ߿׹ַ磬৶䡭
̹ŴԾŭ㻹ˣ
Цôַ֪թ
ͻȻ˹һַ˹ȥ
ĽȻһס˾һơ
ĽﱻĵףȻǾתǿߣǾϾѾھת£͵ϮĽ϶ǾĶ֣ǽסоûġ
Ľŭʲô˼
ŶֺĽһУͻȻо֮ڵԼʼѹԼ
ѾףַѾˣΪַֻˣԼŻЧ
Ȼַɱ˵ʶӦַ걬ˣַϻǿҵϢϢַȫԣһ¡
ַڵϢַ֮֮ĵ֮ţַȻ걬飬廹ǳϢ
ûʲô˼ַֻ֪ûУȻѾˣҾҲûã˳ɢǸã
Ľŭ㲻Ҫ̫ˣַѾˣѵʶܲѾô
ַ֪Ѿˣ걬ˣϢŴҶо˰ɣһըԣҪ׻𣡡
̹ŴŭַڵֻǸߵȵѣѾ飬ܸô㵽׷ŲˣٲˣСԼֱ걬飡
ҲַҲУҽһַ壬ȷˣȷڵֻһҾˣ
ĽŭǻЭˣã飡
ĽĽ̹Ŵʶž춯˾Ͷ֡
ְַ֮ϣʶɢַ塣
ַܵѾѳޣ˺һƬȷַѾַڵȷֻһصѡ
ַ֮󣬳׵ķ
ˣ
ߣ
ߺַ֮ͻȻһ΢СĵǺһƬͻȻһ㿪ʼתγһ΢СĺɫУ̫СˣСʶӦ
ǳ΢СڼٵתţбԵµĺɫռеתʼһһıɣеɣпʼѸٵ󡭡
ַ磡
硭
ͺ³嵽ַǰ˽ַ籧ĺýý
½㣬½㣬ַǵĶ
ĽｫǬħؽͺ¡
֮˴ַȥĽݼĵ̡
ŮüƷˮһˮףַ档
ˣֻҪ岻٣Զָá
Ůдһɫַ˹㡣
ÿ죬Ůַ硣

׼ںǵףֻ֮ء֮еˣ
̹źĽݲûг֣Щǵ赲˵ġ
ºĽÿ춼ڷĥȻĽݼĵĥȥֻҪĽݼһЩתת˹ͿԣֻҪС
ĽݼֱϵѪǧ˶ظԴ֮壬ؽʴ
Щܷصĸ죬Щ˵ٶԺͻƾת
׸ĽݼڳʲôΪַԸ˵ʣӵַˣ׶Ϊûӵ
׸벻һӾܸıһУ
˶ͻƵķǳ죬ЩʺõҲûмǧʱ䣬Ҳ޷ͻƾת
ǧ̫꣬ˡ
ʵͺ˸ûҪĽݼΪַ籨ȥ
˷תתת
ÿ춼ʱȥַ磬ÿοַʱ򣬶ῴĽˮԱػַ硣
ĽľѾ˼ޣľһѾ޷ͻˡ
ĽûĿռ䣬Ҳķѡ
ԣĽû˾ػַԱߣչظ
ºͻưת֮˶ƿ˸о֮ڱĳַӡ
뾡취Ʋӡȥ̹Ŵ
̹Ŵ˵֮ҡͷǾǰµķӡʱǵΪͣоӡΪַӡҲӣȫǵһǵΪͻƵ˰תӡѾȫ˵ľѹƣҲ˵˵Ϊֹڴˡ
Ůһķߺ޺;ɥ
ʵ̹ŴѵҲûа취Ϊǽ⿪ӡô
̹ҡͷУӡѾǵںһǿнĻǵͻᱬ顭
ͺңЩΪ˸ַ籨ƴŬɵĵͷȴ֣ͱˡ
ʱƣַ֮ڵѾռַһ룬ַʶҲڽѡ
ѹ̷ǳַʶһƬģֻһζεļƬ޷ν
һ죬׷Ľݼҳ˴ӵкǿߡ
Σ׻ˣΪַˣӵкˣַ֮ǰĽͳ˾תǿߣ׾ͺԺҲ˾תǿߣԲڰ˷ӡ
ͻȻ˼ǧӵкˣЩ˶˾תǿߣô죿
ΪַвǵĸԴڿǣ
õϢĵһʱ䣬ʥ̳Χ顣
׵ɫѿ
ҧΪַˣһжƽ˾ˣǵΣȴˣֻжˣһҪЩӵкȫɱҪҳĶҾĲַ磬ַӵеһЩ
˵ûĲַ籾ȷʵһѣҼǵõַɱ֮ǰｻţһһһһƷûʲôأǵһСӣСӿͨ棬Ǿֿͨ͸ĸоһǿ߻ռһͨĶôҲµûһϣ
˶˼˵Ļ
弫Ҷ֪Ǻ޾ǿûκαģѾֱ׷ľκαǱԴ֮ͱԴѾûˡκζܲסַǵײıѣⲻЩϡ
弫˵˶֪Ժǿ߶ʹκεıΪﶼѾʧЧˣûˣ֮⣬Ķûá
ѵһ²ıܸıԴ֮ô
ϼҲûнҪľɱĽݼҵĵ̣Ľݼ𣡡
սԼƣôȥǣ
Լֻǲɱ̹šĽݸŮַǼˣ˲ûƣεаתǿߣֱӽĽݼҵĵ̣𣬵ʱֻʣڳʲô
ûиϾɱΪַˣûвǣвǿ϶ô
׵ٶתǿߣѹĽݼҵĵ̡
ϺѹѹһƬĽݼҵĵȫκ˶Ӳȥ
Ľ˳֮󣬴սѾʼһĲҽд̼е񾭣Ľĵֻһٶתǿߣ޷ֿˣ
߿֮УĽĿݺݵĶףǵõԼôǵõӦַôԾĹ
ЦǵȻǵãԼݣ˲ǵˣǸŮַŻ̹ˣİɣǾԲᶯǲǵ²ᶯĽݼҪӴ˴Ӻʧˣ
汰ɣĽҧЩһֱؼĽݼҵĵ̣ҪϾɱҵ۾ϹˣǼֵܣ


566 ûа
ϼЦĽݣİؼĻǾԲᶯǵˣĽݼҵ˳˼ǧӵкˣôͣתԸǣԾĹ
Ľ֪Ϣᴫȥģû뵽ôѣЩӵкˣڶתת޷תǿ߿ġ
ֵĽ㽫ôķǣǿԸǵһ·ôҪȻǽһƬ棡
룡˵Ľͺ·
۾˵ǰɣǿΧѾ˶ˣò˰ʱǵ˾ˣ˵ɣǵǺ޵ģ
Ľǵ⣬ǵҲȫ
Ľ˵ţսһתսĻһ֮ŤתǬ
ûշɳȥսȥסĽ
ĽЦҪԼסô
Ѿͷǲ㶯֣ס㻹ǿԵģԼȻǿҲѹһЩֻҪǲɱͺãԼҲֻǵѡ
ҿѹã
䣡
˫УսͻȻ֣֮ڵԼûѹǵ겢ûЧ
ʲô
ͬʱһ໥һ֮ͬʱĽֵ֣ʱԼҲûзӦ
ԼʧЧˣôܣԼôʧЧ
æԾ˴𣬡ԼʧЧˣַû
ʲôַû
ϢǧشһصĻУɫ䣬Ľߵ˾һ󼤶
ûô
ַĻô
ºԣȲַڵĹȥ
ʱĽĽɱȥ
˶֮ʱԼûκεѹƣ
ԼԼȻʧЧֻһܣַ绹ţ
ַ绹ţֻ·һ
ǣϼ弫ԸĽݣȥַ磡
ڴѹ룬Ѿôãַ绹ûг֣˵ַȻˣ϶ûиԭ
룬º鷽ŷߵķ׷˹ȥ
ĽݸŮֶԿĴףĴױƵĽݸŮڽڰˣĽʱͿռѴɣɱĽݸŮһʱҲŲ˶á
ʱַ֮ѹѹİĽݸŮǰ֮ˣһϲ
̹ţ̹ŵõ׾Ľĵ֮󣬵һʱаתǿ߸˹
̹ŵļ룬ĽݸŮֺĴ׶սʱԵȶ˾ơ
ǣתǿߵս̹Ŵһٶ֧ԮҲֻʧܺͻһ;
ȻҪսǰתǿߵսǾת

ºַɾˮ
ʶһַ壬˵ʶոսַ꣬һɲɵֵǿ˵ʶ˵ʶϡ
Ůһæջʶ
Ů֣ǵʶ϶ַꡣ
ַûкûֻ֮ѭϢ֮޷̽⣬Ůַ֪ʲô
µ½㣬絽ˣǵΪ޷̽ꣿǷʶȴܸա
ޱȿ϶ĵַûȻ׺ַǩԼѾʧЧΨһĿַܾûַڳ˯ţһ
šµҲţŷ粻ôͷһô£ÿζǷ׻Ҳǣһǡ
²֪Ϊʲô˵˵
˶ַ粻ַ걬֮ʱŮַǰҶַ걬
걬飬κ˶ܸ걬ͻʧΪޡ
Ůǳţַ绹ţַһֱţĻţ
һֵĸоֻŮΪ˰οԼ
ǣŮȴһֱôţַûַһٻصǵߡ
ʱ˽ûºŮ飬ֱӳ嵽ˮ׸ǰ
ַ磬Ҫ㵽û
һˮףҪȥֹסˡ
һŭ֮еľתǿߣȥǰװַԼ˵ǲܰװ׵
Ȼͺ£ַûٴץסº飬вַ硣
ˮױ˲飬Ӵĺ֮⽫ַɡ
ַȫܾܳתĹ
ַ类ֱӱӹ˵һ㡣
Ů׷׳ȥ
ַһƬ֮УѸȫַ֮ӿ˽ȥ
ף
Ȼַ֣֮һǿԼȫɣ
ʶһһ̣ʶضϣ
⡭⵽ô£
оַûûкѾˣ֮ȴһصʶ̽ⲻȥ
ûУ
ٴιַ꣬ǽַ֮ڵȫɢ
Ϊַˣ飬ԼǿַĴԣһᱻű
ȴûУʲôûз
ַ绹Ǿƺڳ˯һ㡣
ͻȻַǾս֮ʱǸֲĺڶһеĺڶ
ԼľǸڶǰԣΨһĽͣ
ǣַȷʵԱ˶ַˣһм
ڣоַҲһˣΪʲôԼʧЧأ
ãˡ
ĿĶźº飬ңô£ַ絽Ҳû
ûԼῴ𣿡
˵˵˵ɱ
κˣǿ걬飬ֻ·һʱַɱ֮ʱǶֳַ걬飬мô
걬飿
ͻȻ뵽һµ⣬ǿ֮걬ƬƯڿУʱַ󣬺ûƬ
ϸ⣬ʱû뵽Ҳûע⣬Ϊʥ̳ռ䣬ǱƬַƬЩƬںһҲתƬҪЩƬҪǿҪǿ
ʱ׶ڹַûÿ˶ûעϸڣַȷ걬飬ԼַѾˣѵд
ϸַ걬֮󣬱ûǿԻεڿռ䣬ַȴûУ
ɫ粻Ȼеĺ֮ؽ洩һضǿķӡַû룡
ַӡǳǿ󣬾ԿԷӡκ˵꣬ͲԼķӡⲻסһ˵꣡

ӡ˲ûַ꣬޾ĺڶзӡȫգ˿̣ڶٴεõ֮ͽȻһǿϢַϱ˳
ַȻ۾Ŀպӭ˾
һоӡʧַĿһ˲䣬ʶԱȥ
ʶͺ֣ӰһѾŮȫơ
ûô
Ҳôôû
ô£
ַǵԼ걬飬Ȼʶ˲ʲô֪ˡ
ڣԼʶǳұǰӵʶеļ仭涼ǳʵУЩѾģļ䶼ޱĳַʶеļ䶼Ǹոշһ㣬ޱȵʵ
ַоԼֺоûаγɷĸоַܲӦ
ַվоƮƮģһƮκν䣬ֺоԼΡΡɽһ㣬κ᲻
ַЩ޷ӦЩоǳŬİ̽Լꡣ
֮̽£ַһԼһޱ޼ʵľ޴ɫУ֮бޱ޼ʵƺҪһ㣡
ߣַ緢ԼԵ޹ʵʧ֮Ѿûκκȫڶռݣ
ǣַ緢֣ԼΪתڶȴһһָоǳеĸоָоȴ޷
һַԼ޷
ַ绺ƶţַоԼĽŲԵĶһ£Ѿ˾İ֮
ַһоֶȴ͵ٶȻҪ죡
Ŀ⾪ֵĶַ磬ֿŮ
ַ磬㲻ҪҾɱŮˣ
ΣַûиоκεΪѣһָоҪȳŮ׾١
ַ絭Цǲʼʩٴɱ
ûϴɱ֮һֱǵԼȴûˣǣԼѾʧЧûκЧãɱҪȻҾɱˣ
ɱַЦϴɱˣҸоѾˣȴûɱҲɱˣҵѾ飬ɱҸһɱ
ַ˵ûѾһˣ֮Ѿһˣַ걬飬ûˣʲô
ַˣ
ɫһƬҰף֮ϳҵ޶ȵġ㻹֣
ַһ㶼ʲô㲻Ҫż룬ץסôĥ㣬㺦ɱץסҵŮвңҿ϶ô˵룬ʲô취أתǿߣҪôȥĥİ취ĺΪѰҪ룬ôĥأ
һסˣԼץסŮвַ磬ַȴԼ취ĥԼİ취
ʲôѵַܴô
ܣֻҪʶһɱŮˡ
˿ַȷ޿֣Ѿˣַڵٶȣǰٷ֮мַܴӾȳº顣
ַ粻ģַȷôȥĥ
ַɱһΣץסַвַ磬ַ϶ô
ǰַɱǽ˻߳ɱûȥĥ˭Ϊַֻɱ˲Ծ󻼣ַϲȥĥˣĥһˣͻԽ㣬һأ
ַĥַһζܽԼͷ֮ޣ
ʱַ磬ץסɣĥ£ͽҺͺˣôã͵͵ǵ˷ӡЩˣҪúõĺһ㡣
ĻڷȻЮŮȫǾ֣óЩϴεһ㶼ͬ
ַ磬Ҷ֣֣һǳ㣡
ַ絭ЦţΣûаᡭ
䣬ռѾַֹͣ˾ŮӾ˳
һ̣ռָԼеŮ֪ʲôʱѾַ
硭
ַ硭


567 ·һ
Ůͬʱסַ磬ַоһҸůĸоԼ顣
ַĸŮĳûˣԺҴӦǣԶ뿪ˡ
뿪ϴξȻǱչһ͵͵ˣ
ǣ͵͵˾ˣ㻹ֹһŮˣ
Ů˵ţɫˣһһŽַ߷ɡ
ַˡ
㡭ôģ⡭ô£
һŴˣԼǧ֮һʱɱŮʶһֱַ磬ַɱһַûжԼϵŮѾʧˡ
ǺǡַɵЦţĹâһϡ
ҪллϴɱɱҲӵǿһֻһһžܲ㼸Σ
ϣʱַھһֻϣڣԼȴһֻϡ
ַĻ䣬гһɫĹâⲻǺ֮⣬ַڶ
ɫâƺһϵֱֶȥ
һȫ֣ǧ֮ӭַĹ
ھ֮Ŀ֮ȫǾַ֣һ˲ͽԼĺ֮ɵһɶ
˺֮ĺɫȫ֮ΪУ˲䱩ǣ˹ȥ
ӣķ֣ڹ֮дҲ޷Ѿߵ·߷
ӵﶼ㲻ɫĹĻ
ɫûɱǽȫַ֣һɫĻ޾ʼɾڵ
Լڵڿٵţֻգ֮ʧ֮һ
ַ磬ңҪҵ㡭
ַЦңұʱӦ뵽ôһ죡ҪȫɣȫӡȫƻһϲķˣҪţ޾ĥ
ַûɱʣ곹׵ķӡͻһûκͨˣɲϲʲôˣɱûУ
ַ罫֮еعַꡣ
ַƺоԼ֮ںڶ˲١
ҵأҵء
ҵ壬ΪʲôΪʲôҵ岻ǱԴ֮ˣֻһ壬Ϊʲô
Ϊʲôҵʶʧˡ
ַ磬ʲô
ַûʲôֻǳ׵ķѣԺĻŰɣģҾԲҺܿͻͨˣ˭Ҳܶ㣡
һ˵ϣʹŤһţַ磬ɱҰɣɱҰɡ
˿̵ľʲôûˣŵĻÿ춼ڱ޾ĥһһ˰ˡ
ղҲҪɱ㣬Ҳɱˣɱ㣬㵽ô
˼ѪȻһ˹ȥ
ַûŮ档
תǿߵսѾĽݼİתǿߺ̹Ŵİתǿ߶Ѿɱһɶ
״ٶתǿҲֻʣһ룬Զĸ߿֮п߸תǿ߽֡
ĽݸŮ̹ŴĴױƵĽڽڰˣȻĽʱͿռǶԷʼĸˣֻˣͨתǿߵһһĻ˭Ҳκβ˭ԶٵĻԴٵһ
ȻĸתǿҪɱתǿߣҲܣΪ˼ֻǶܺܵĻֻ·磬ɱ
սȥûġ
зĴ׵ĿҲɱ⼸ˣǽĽݺ̹ŵȫɱڵȾϢ
ȥַˣʵַ˵Ļֻо˶ˣԿԽѹתǿߣȻͻƣһһɱ
ʱĴ׿Զˣɫһˡ
ϼĿ˸˼Ķַ磬֮Щַ֣磬㡭ôû
弫ⲻܡأ
ŭѣַ磬ԭϴεɱǼٵģǣ
߸תǿ߿ַˣ׷ס֡
̹šĽݸŮɵַߡ
ĽĿĿַ磬֮ȫǼ;ϲ˿ַߵͺ£ûȥַߣѾȥĽŲ˻ȥ
ַ翴Ĵףĵǲ£ûҷ˶ѣֵˣ
ַһһɫâߵı˹ȥ
˿ַʹõǺ֮⣬һ
󾪣ַĹǿҲоõвԼľЩԾ
һȫȫеѹһ׷ԲĹĻַϯȥ
һ룬˵Ĺ˿ַ繥ֱӳ嵽˱һĻġ
ûзըǿַȻǣ޾һ½е˽ȥ
һ̣;ʱһܵһصе·
ģһ֮⣬ȻȻȥ
ٴαɱַɣɫ˺֮ĸӵǿֱ򱱶β׷ȥ
ٶٿ죬Ҳ첻ַĹѾӵκεط㲻ַĹ
ַĹɺ֮⣬˭޷ƿ
Ǳ֣֮
ӳףͻȻоȫһͣѾɫ֡
ɫһ̰ħһ߱ڵ
ַ磬ҪҵҪңҪ
ַû
ͻȻһݣȻԼ֮ӿ˺֮⣡
䣡
һ룬Ƭ
ףԱһǳǵѡ䱻˷ϵ߻ˣѰһѡ
ˡ
ַĿ⵭Ĵµλɨ
λ໥һۣӴܶȥ
ܣܵĳҵô
ɣ
һɲ֮䣬޾ĺɫнǧ﷽Բ֣λȻɲס˽Ųߵ򶼱ɫеס
֮еȻֻܵͷߡ
ǣַİΧȦԲεģ˵ͷ֮ԲεİΧȦ˵С
ʱ߿֮սٶתǿ߿Ҳ׷ɢǸոжͱɫ档
ֻһ˲䣬ʮתǿ߱˺ɫ档
Щȥˣɫ޾˲ʳƬʣµ˴󾪣ɢ
źɫеСЩתǿ߸޷ѣַֻԵĶһеͽЩתǿȫУ֮󣬻һƬƬޡ
׼ӴܣΧȦѾǧ״Сڿ棬ֻصַ˵Ķ档
û·ˣǾˣӣͻᱻ޾ĺڶɣӣͻᱻַϵ
߲߶·һ
ϼæַ磬ϫѾˣѾɱôˣھʹµİתǿ߶Ѿˣھʣˣ㲻ɱǣɱǣϫˣôôȥֿ
ַ絭ĵϼãڵʵôϫ˵ֿһ㹻
ַڵɱתǿ߶ɱʲôϫǰÿϫŴ׶ַܵܵô
弫ַ磬Ͳ֪ϫǿûмϫǶô£ÿϫ٣Ǻ˾ͻٷ֮ʮϣϫʱ䣬Щ޶ʱյĹЩ޾ͻȥŲͻ
սÿϫЩ޻ʥ̳ǰ˲ǾŴʱ޿̵Ķʥ̳ػ磡ҳǼ˷ŲǵĵλҲԶף£κ磡ǾûйҲпַͣ磬Źǰɡ
ַЦ˵ʲôûõģĻûκιϵֻںںˣ˺£ҹܲţҲܣɱңǾ͵Ҵƽʲô
ַ˵꣬һһɫĻ弫ֶȥ
弫ûл֣ҲûжĿ֮һ˿֮ѡԱ
Щ˱ַɱַɱ
ַ絭ЦϼսҶأԼɱأ
ַȫԱ֮֮
ãַ磬ݣ
ս˵꣬ѡԱΪԱõѡɲ뱻ַˣܣ
ϼоȫһѣɱûǱַĥ롣
ϼûһ죬Լᱻ˱Ƶ̶ֳȣ
ַ磬ɱҰɣɾһ㣡
ַЦðɣǸŮˣҾͲĥˣ
ڹȥϼֱӱըһƬޡ
ĸˣһ˷ˣתǿһûˡ
ǰεսʥ֮Ҳݻ˽֮һ֪սನ֮¡
Ȼתǿߵս޵ĸ߿֮Уǿ߿תǿ߽֣ص棬ǿɲΪԼܱȾתǿ߷ɵĸߡ
ǾսನҲᲨ棬ݻٵĿꡣ
ַת˿̣̹źĽλַĿⶼҽӴ
ַ֮磬ףȫɱ˿̣λַѾԶԶԽǵĴڡ
ַ̹źĽԺ󣬺ͽˣǲģǷģҲ뿴ϫһֵġ
˵ַ꣬ͺ߿ȥ
Ľһ㶣Ҫ׷ȥͻȻֹס˽Ų
ĽæŮ㻹׷ٲ׷ûлˣ
ĽҪ׷ַֻٴγ
ߡ
ĽشַĽ֣˸߿ա
ַºǬħǩԼ
أףôû
Сٻ㲻𣿡
飬ôȥ
ַһĺߣɣ
ַ֪ǿЦַּܸܵ˷ܵ
ַŮԼһȻס棬ַ籯ķ֣Լʧȥ˴
ԴſԴ죬ַѾʧȥ˺ڶԼ֪
ַء
صһ֪һգӵеһգҸұ֤ӵеҵͬԴҲֻӵеҵһֽȻ෴ҵĸоҲܿ϶
Ȼ෴
ַ粻⣬أ㲻˵ǧôеƿ֮Ϊʲô᲻ʶӵе
صҲҿܻжϳ
ַء
ַ翪ʼתԼǸոתַ緢ĳˮеַӿȥ
ش󾪣ͣ
ַҲһ⡭ʲô


568 ֿ
صҲֻ֪֪ϵһִлϢҴûмԺ㲻ҪˣУ㲻ܳΪƿˣѾƿصΧѾıߵľǿ󡭡
ҲŪ׵£˭ףѵǸô
ַǸʥ̳ţԽԽǿҡ
Ůһɾһ㣬滨ݣﻨ㣬Ũ浾ĸоΧһУ˸оһ񾲵ľ磬һӨ͸޵ͯ硣
ַŮסû죬ַͰͲסһȥʥ̳
ַʥ̳ΧĽ̹ţһֱϫ٣Ǿͻַ֪ͨ硣
ַ֪⣬Ľ̹Ŷһڴ
Ľʥ̳ǰһӡȫǸ߽׵ޣЩһַǳɱĹǳ޶ܻΣÿϫʥ̳һķӡͻᱻƿ޾ͻںɱ¾ɱ˺ҲΪƬɱ¾ֻʱ䣬ʱ󣬼̳ӡͻ޾˷ӡӡٴαպϡ
ÿϫӷӡ޶ǳǿǾתʱ߰˸תʱʮЩתƺÿβǾŴ׽֣ҲԸ˺ǣֻסǣǴʥ̳ߣȻų޴ӷӡ嵽ʥ̳λ֮⣬ɱࡣ
ԣǾŴһֱػʥ̳Ϊϫûй̶ʱģҲ֪ʲôʱ٣ֻãһֱǾŴ֮ȻʵҶԸ˺ԷǾŴҲԸȥ£ֻԿ޶ѡ
ַ֪Ŵԭֵܣֵ֮ôȥǰ˺˴˵Ҳһֱ׵λãǵλöҡ
ַв˾˵ĵλŴ֮Ҳìܣǻһֱά״һֱȥַĳȫ֮΢ϵƽֵС
ַҲЩǲɱġ
ʵǾֵ֮ĸ鱾Ѿʱĥĺܵˣǳңַֻһһȼˣͽֵ֮ĸˡ
ƶĹҲ˳ʥ̳λãôԲһĽֲȥһ֮ǰתתתһֱһתķֲƶҲΪ˵ֵޣǽǿ˶ǰܼǵʧǴ˼ڸĥȴһεϫ
ַˣŴΪ˱ȷ˲˼
̹Ŵʥ̳ķӡһصӡǾŴо¶޷̳ľŲ㶼Ǳַӡգһ㣬ϫ֮ʱӡͻԶ򿪣İ˲㣬Զӡš
ַۣʶ̽ǧ﷽Բʥ̳
ַ緢ַ֣ӡһַӡǹӡӡɢһصֻΪһָоĸоѡ
صַ磬ӡҵҲռ״̬ĲѾ̳ӡγһѭҪƿӡӵ
ַҵĺڶûռǿأ
صӡֻǷӡһ²ˣ
ַһһ֮ĺɫѾַС
Ľ̹ż״󾪣˼æַǰֹ
ַ磬Ҫʲô
ַ翴˾ʧӲ⣬ҪԿܲƿӡô
Ľַ磬ǧҪôҪƾȥƵھŲӡɣǧҪƵһ㣬һƿĻħϫͻ٣οӡǳ뾡ǧټȥƿھŲķӡÿ˶ӡӡǿǿڵʵ»ѣ
ַʵΪʲôȥƵڶ㵽ڰ˲㣬ΪʲôֻƵھŲ㣿
̹ŵΪһϵĴ˵֮Уǰ˲ӡĶǹһĹԽϵĹԽǿԶƣھŲǸŲͨǧʥ֮ţȻǵʵһ㶼Ʋͱ̸ļˣʵƿһ㣬ԷһǲҪƵĺá
ðɣȥھŲ㿴
ַɵǧĸ߿գ˵ھŲ㸽
صӡһ壬һеɵھŲƣҪƳӡҪһĴƳӵһƿȻڶ㣬㡭ƵھŲ㣬ھŲҲƵģֱƵھŲǲܵģΪķӡҲһѭиɻѭһģֻѭ򽥽ƳӡܳɹȻһƿھŲ㣬ô˲ķӡ߽⡢ȻھŲķӡΪǿģǰʵڵʵԶԶһ㶼Ʋ
ַʶŷӡȻֳһɫĹ⵶ӡ˹ȥ
䣡
źɫ⵶£ӡͻȻһԵֵַɡ
ַ类ӡҷɵ֮⡣
ַؿڳһѷ졣
ôǿ
ַѾתǿ߶޷ĳ̶ȣӡȻһ°ַҷɡ
ֻһӡֻǱǸӡַ±ˡ
صȻӵǸصĺɫǾʼת㻹ǵͻƵתƽķӡɡ
ַٴʥ̳Σַһķӡǰ
ַҪһ¿ܲƿһӡĽݺ̹û赲˿ַ类ŲķӡˣѾַƲӡˡ
ַɽûһѰ֮Ĺ⵶ݺݵ˷ӡ
䣡
ַٴαɣֻ׶ѡ
ʵϣַƲӡ
ַص׼ͻƾת
תҪַ֮ǵǰͻƵʱ֮ڵĺڶ˴󲿷ͻҪ
Σֱַӽ֮꣬ڶڼǸûеͻƱԵ
̹źĽɵˣͻƵʱֻҪһַ֮ڶͻƣ
ַоԼһ޵׶һ㣬ж֮ɽȥ
ɣ
֮ĺڶȻ˳Ѹ˷죬ӵʱʥ֮ء
ţʥ֮еƬѸַΪķľۼںϣ
ɼƬںϳ֮֮ںϳ֮֮ġ֮顭һֱںϳ֮
ַͿ̹źĽ಻ѣĿڴ
ʥ֮еƬһ±ַһȫɣ
̹źĽġ
ַ޾ںϣһںٸ֮Ҫʥ֮еƬȫںϳ֮һǳĹ̡
ַںϵڼ䣬ƬֻԴԴϵĳռ䣬ַͼƬںϡ
ʥ֮ذ˴˿ڵܵʵʵյĺڶƬ֮ʱǶˡ
ȻַĿֻƬûȥ˺һˣɼַ罫ĿѾﵽһµľ硣
ԴԴϵַ֮ɡգַ֮ڵĺڶһ޵׶һ㡣
ַĸо֮ڵڽƺҲγһѭֻѭƺֻڳʼĽ׶ΣҪѭҪһʱ䡣
ַеʱ䣬ееǾַһֱȥɼݽߣ
ڣַ˵ʱѾûиˣЩǿ˵ʱ䱾ûģû˿Եȥʱ䣬ûȥôĵ¡
һʱȥˣַ绹ںϡɡա
ʮʱȥˡ
һ¹ȥˡ
һȥˡ
̹źĽѾľˣǶַ֪˶ڵ֮
ַԼ֪ʲôʱһͷ
ַоԼͻƱԵӽ֮һ
֮һôַ꣬һͻƾת
ʱĺܿ죬˵ʱָһ˲һ㡣
ַľ֪ʲôʱҲʼˣǰַþʱ䲻ͣȥַ϶ᷢġ
Σַľǳƽһ㶼꣬Ҫ˵ʱ䣬ַŰʱ䣬ַ綼ܵݡ
ڣڿʮʱַͻˡ
ٽ٣
ٵͲǺһֺɫ٣ַ֮ڵĺڶһ㣡
ڻ
䣡
һֱӽַ·ַ˲ơ
ַǳ侲ٴο壬ԼȫԼ̶ڿУ
ַΪˣǵڶٽϴһ֮⣬
䣡䣡
ڶٺݺݵĳַϣַ濪ʼ飬ַ绹ַ֮ͦиһصںԼ֮С
֮еĺڶûнصʼѭ
ڶٹ󣬵ٽ
ٵǵڶٵʮϣ
䣡
ַֿʼ飬ұ۱ըɣ
ٵನ֮µĵ档
䣡
嵽ٻһ޾˲佫ʥ֮ʮ֮һ
ֲĳ̶˶޷⣬ֻǧ׷Բ嵽֮޾Χɽ֡һȫɵһɶ
ַһַ粻ǵԼ壬ǵ棬磡
ٹ󣬺Եĵֿʼַۣٵನȥֱӽʥ֮شݻ١
ַĸ߿֮Ϸȥ
ʱĵӭͷ£
䣡
Σַ屻ըĿȫǣַɵٸߣٵನȥֱӺݺݵʥ֮أ
䣡
һʥ֮رһ
УȥԲУٵֲ̫ˣ
ַоԼ壬ס٣Լܲס
ٵನȥԽʥ֮ػ
ѵҪȥֵô
ֵٵĻԻʧȥĸ᲻ֲƬ
ַ磬ôоħ֮ǰħ½ħһûо٣Ȼ󣬵ﵽ֮󣬾Ŵپͻһ֣
ôһ˵ַʱħٵ
ŴΣַ޷ܾŴΣٵÿһαһζҪǿʮϣ
ַ飬أ˵ô죿ҪҿԵסʥ֮صסûʱƶʥ֮֮⣬ѾˣҲס
ûа취ҪԼɣܵھŴ١
ַ粻뵲סĻԼͲԲͻˣҲﲻ߾磡
صȵסٰɣõʥ֮ˣû棬̹źĽˣ˾ͻˡȵ٣Ϊָ壡
Ϊһָ壿


569 ת
صǰĺҸģ϶԰ָ壬Ҫֻܰ޸һΣ֮Ҫ˯£ΪǸ߽׺ǳҵ
ַţСٻ飬أҵغˣСһ°飡
䣡
ڽ٣ַȫıѣֻʣһԴƯڿС
ҿ
ַѾʧȥ˴֮Լ޷ָ壬ôһԴڿзȥ
ٵನʥ֮أʥ֮ؿʼѣ޾ɡ
䣡
ף
ַͻȻǧʥ̳ûбɣʥ̳֮ϵķӡȫסٵӡƺСЩ
ַ۾һ嵽˼̳Ͽա
صΪ壡
ַųأԴء
䣡
ַոսأرַԴĲϢըһ
̲סȥûа취죡֮ڵҵȻ෴һ
ַ˳ȥʱѾ٣
ƴˣַ粻Լ
ɣ
޾ĺڶɶȥ
ûˣƨַѡ˵ֿ
ַոͷźڶַĿһ˿֣Ϊַ緢ֱ֣ӴԽ˺ڶصĻԼͷϣ
䣡
ַĴ飡
ַ֪Լˣ
ף
ַ緢ֻǻԼĴԣԼųȥĺڶ»صԼ֮С
˿ַ̣һ׶ֱİԲΣԲٷ֮ʮĵطѾһıԵǰٷ֮ʮķһ޴ȱڣַ֮޾ƺȱڳȥǰٷ֮ʮıԵضǿЩҪȥȫѹơ
û˴ԣû壬ҵٵĸǰνһ
ַоԲ֮ϣٷ֮ʮıԵַãʣµ٣ͻᲹȫԲԲγһԲ
Բѭ
ٵû˺ꣿʲô
ַ緢һֵ⣬˵һֱһУƿصκ㣬Ϊٵȴʲô㲻
ַʹ˵˸ϢһֱһƬޡ
ĵˣΪأʲô
Сٻٸ˺ַ꣬Ҳ˺ǣΪǺַԼϵġ
صҷŸܵˣڴַ꣡ǹҪַ壡
ַһ㶣ҵ壿
صԣҷޱĸоĹ켣صѭҴٵĸ֮пһڻתƺҵתȫ෴ģҷŽԼһ£Ҹоڵ
ʲô˼
ؿбĳĸ֣桪ת졪
ַһأ㲻˵תǧô
صǣûлҴֻ֮и˺ܶණǰûи򵽵ģһЩ⣬üĿ㾭˾Ŵ٣һж׵ġ
صĻ䣬ߵѾ٣ַ緢֣ٵȫԼ꣬ǣַ粻ûиоκεΣգҸоٵǳůƺٵķŭȫΪ˻ַ壬ڸַ磬ʺǽȻ෴ģ߲ܽΪһ
ĸܵٲ˺Լַ㰲ġ
ߵٵĸǰνӣν֮ٴӿ£ʥ̳ķӡ
ַʶ֮̽£ʥ̳ķӡٴμࡣ
ʥ̳ԵסٵַͲº类ըĿпܻˡ
ڰת£ֲֿռ˺һѷ죡
ַ֪ĿռĹ򣬾תҲܽռ˺ѷ죡
ǣٵȻӲĽռ˺ѷ죡
ַʶץסһɲǵʱ䣬һССѷ档
ѷ˲պϣַ绹һ˲ܵѷ硣
һƬޣʲôûУ
ûûκûκδڵĶƺռʱ䶼ڡ
һжǾֹģ
ֻһָоǳǿҶĸо۾ͿֻʶܸӦ
صǴ˵еޣ
˵رһ˵ӡ˵Ŀ˵Ĵ˵Ĵ˵еĴ˵ˡ
ޣַʲôޣ
صҲ̫ҵ߾ܸӦһ޵Ϣֻ֪޾ʲôûУǲڵģǣȴĸܵ޵Ĵڣĺìܡ
ܸܵڣʵǲڵģѵǻþô
⵱ȻǻþַĸܵޣޣﶼûУʲôֹͣģ
ڲǿʱΪھŴڽ٣
ھŴƺŻصŵǧ˲ںһ۳һֱĺɫǧ֮ʱѷַݺݵ
翪ʼţַ翴ʥܱ֮ʼը
𾪵Ĺٵƻˣ찡⵽ʲô
ַ翴ΧĿռ俪ʼŤΣеĵطĿռ俪ʼ۵ռһ۵ȫӲѹ飡
ַ翴˷Ŀռ俪ʼ۵۵֮Ŀռһƽеƽ棡
ңĴӴܵӰ
ַ߶ţ¡顢ǧҪ¡
صѾͷռʱڿռʼı䣬ռʼ޵ͷţ˳Ĳ׽ռʱǶõĥôأ
ַ綼ˣĥ
صҸɣǺ죡ô׻ôĵطռ䶼Ť۵㿴ʥ̳ΧĿռ䣬һ㶼ûб䣡
ȷʥ̳ǧΧĿռȷʵûиı䡣
˿̣ܶ˿ʥ̳ΧĿռûиı䣬׷׵ķ
ŵھŴٵ£ЩΪ˰ȫ֮أһ̵ȴǵֲ
ھŴٺݺݵȥֱӽʥ̳ķӡҿ
䣡
ӡһ˲飬ʥ̳Χ˶˷ĩ
ΣַʶǧĿռѷָ֮ܵޡ
޾ޣַʶȥҲֹͣģʲôûС
ʧĹٴλָаٷ֮ʮѾſռŤ۵𡭡
֮Ӱκƽ٣֪˶ˡ
ŴԲַھžŹһ
ĳʼͽԲһַһӸǺεȵĿ£
ǻ˵һת

ַʶһַ³֣
֮ڵַ塣
˿ַ̣Ѿû˵û˹ûѪܣûû˾ûѨλ
˱һƤ֮⣬ȫǻ
ַȻиодǿȥעڵ״ǰûʲôڵһйҲȫһ
ַİΪ岻Լģǻģ
ĹʧĻַԻΪһ
ãַԼһڵһ֯ǴڵģֻǱóһ̬ѣķʽڶѡ
תھתˣǾתǼô
ַܵԼһޣ˿ַ̣Ҫ綼׾٣
˵Ѿ˼£˿ַ̣ƿص˵˹켣
˿ַ̣ŸоԼ
վڶܿһе
ƿһУܿһУ
ַַһ⣬ز˵߾ƿǧô˵߾粻ƿǧô
ַ˿̵ĸоյֻһַֻ˲ܻһеתƿһеˣ
ǣΧֻں磬ǧ棡
ַַ˶˺磡
ַûж⣬ʥ̳ķӡ֮˸һЩεĹ˷ȥѰ࣬ɱ࡭
ϫˣЩϫַġ
ңӡѾȫû˷ӡЩ޾ûκεĹ˼ɣҲûصʥ̳֮ˡ
ַûйЩޣȥѰԼŮˡ
ַʶһʶѾ磬һַ̣ӰһѾŮǰ
Ů̹šĽһʥ̳ķȥ
˵Ŀⶼַ̽⣬Ƿַ֣ռΪһ壬ǵʶȫ赲Ĵַ壬ַֻһӰһڵһ㣡
ҵɫ֮ɫ˶ַ֪ѾһĪľ硣
ַ磡
磬ͻˡ
ַͷͻˣ飬£Ϊ˽ڵķӡ
Ů골ֱַӽŮꡣ
һŮ֮ڱŮ֮ڵķӡ׾ٵ˳

ڷӡóһ̣Ůͻƣ
Ů͵ͻƵٽ㣬ֻǷӡǵѹƣ޷ͻƶѣڷӡһͻƣ
Ůڵ˾ת
ºַ磬磬źռңǷͻƵٴô
ַǣٵѾʥ̳ķӡѾ˺磡ʥ̳еķӡѾûˣڶ͵ڰ˲֮Ҳʱյˡ
̹żæַ磬æԿʱյˣշѺʹңʥ֮ڳʥ̳֮⣬ĵطѾ٣ڵȫʥ֮أں֮⣬ûԿʱյˣ
ĽҲַ磬һҪæֻ磡
ַ絭ĵλǿģҶ𣬾ԻҶ߰ɡ
ַ罫˵֣һ룬Ҷʥ̳Ͽա
˿̣ʥ̳棬һ޷ӿʥ̳ΧڵѾﵽ
ڶ㵽ڰ˲㶼ֻ࣬ɳ˶ڼ̳ıԵûгǿǳĺ棬ַܸоǵһ硣
ַʶһٴ磬˵Ѿ֮еֺ͵ڶ㵽ڰ˲֡
ַʶٴһ֮ڻ˳˵Ĺ켣ֱӱ˳ַʶеλöȥ
һ˲䣬֮ڣʥ̳֮⣬е޺Щʥ̳֮ڳͬһʱ걬飬֮ȫַĻɣ֮ͬһʱعַꡣ
Щ޽ս࣬׷ϵĴɢ࣬ǰһһ𾪣һ˷ܡ
ǿ֮ڣʶ֮ڣе޶ˣ
ĺɱ֮սܿ찲Ļ
׼ٴδʥ̳ǰ˲Ƕ׷ֹס˽ŲʱһӰʥ̳ڰ˲Χ


570 ޣȫգ
ַʶ֮һ͸ǰ˲ֵַ̳ķ֣ھŲǵ֮ŵסַʶ
ַ֪һеܿ϶ڵھŲ㣡˵ھŲǴӺȥĳڡ
ʥ̳˲ռǰ˸磬ÿһռһĿռ䡣
ַʶ˰˲̳֮ǧڵ˺ееַϵʶѹ֮¶׷׵ĵͷ­˴ռе඼һʱ䱻ַסˣÿ˶оκˡ
˿̣˴ռ˶Ѿ֪ɳȥе˶ɱģ
һôӵôǿ
Ŀֲ֮£ֻʣ˿־塣
ַӰһֱ˵һռһƬɽ֮һ˳һ㡣
ַҵһռ
ʮ߲ڿᣬǰַܵʶѹֹ֮ͣ˻飬˱ַǿ𾪡
ڣַĳ֣ÿ˶ͷ̧ͷַûУ
ѹƣȫԵѹƣ
֮ϵĲ࣬ͺԸ߸ϵһ㡣
ַĿƽĿŵһȻ֮ץȥ
˴󾪣ַϢ֮£û˸ҷַ硣
ַ֪һЩ飬ûȥʣֱӵİ취ڶԷļ֮˽⡣
ַõļ䣬ʧȥȥ
ԭԷҲк磬ҲǴһ޾ǿģһֱǵĿռ֮ѰҳڣҲڡ
ǵҲһʥ̳̳ҲоŲ㣬ÿǿƿ˵һķӡȻѹ룬ȥµƬǵϵַڵĺϵһģĺƬ̫ˣΪǵĺ֮޾ǿ֮ǰѾֻʣ֮һ
ֻʱȥʱգΪ󣬷ӡͻԶպϡ֮ǵǿ߳˯ָȴһοһķӡ
ַʱʥ̳棬ַ翴һķӡѾ򿪣ļɱӡַӰһ˵һ磬ַһ㶣ķַֻ֣صԭ㣡ҲַڵǸ磬Զ̹šĽݺַŮˡ
ô£
ַٴһ飬ַٴνԼڵĺʥ̳ĵһ㣬Լֳʱʥ̳ĵһλã
ַȥʥ̳ĵڶ㣬ڶͬҲк磬ͬҲʥ̳ͬǣڶķӡѾһķӡҲɱӡšַ˵ڶ㣬ֳ˳ʼ㣬Ҳַڵĺ硣
ַٴ߽˵ڶ㣬˳ʱյĵڶʱյʥ̳棡Ȼļ̳ӡǵסַĽŲַ˿̵ӷӡΪɵκηӡ֮д
ַֽ˵㣬Ȼڵ㷢ͬ¡
߽ʥ̳ǰ˲㣬Ķͬ¡
ظ˺ܾã֮ѹһԼƽĵʵһҲǼ̳һ㣬Ҳײ㣡ʵ̳ʮ㣬۴һȥ߳ȥ󶼻ǵһ㣡̳ǰŲǾŸ磬žŹһҲһԲʮ˿ĵھŲ㣡ҲÿĵھŲ㣡Ÿʥ̳һţͬһţ
ǲǼ̳ĵһ㣬ķӡȫƣ˸ʥ̳֮ϵķӡֻһ㣬һ㣡ԣ˸˶磡˸ʥ̳ķӡȫˣôŴͻγһռ䣬Ϊһ壡
ǡҸоŴȻҵͬһ켣Ҳͬģҷ֣ǵǲƿصģҲ˵Ŵ磬ǾŸ棬оŸƿߣֻƿڵ
κεĻǾŸƿ߿϶໥ɱֻнŸֿõѡ񡭡
Ŵ棬ԣض֪һֱΪԼǧΨһƿߣȴ֣аλһĴڣ
ַ˼˭˾Ÿأ˭ʥ̳أ˭Ŵֿأ
Ŵ棬ÿ֮¶޾ǿգС棬ôЩԶûϵô
ַףеܣǵź档
ַɵǵǰ棬֣ǵ֮ߵĴ֮ȥ
ûκ谭ûκεְַ棬ȴ˿δ
ֱַԼе˹ȥǡ
˿δ֮ûгκε˺ַ磬Ǵδ
ַ粻⣬Լ˭ƿţ
ַžŹһȻŸ磬ŵţİ˵Ŷڷӡ֮Уŵͬһţôƿأ
ַصأҪƿţӦýŴںϣƿš
˺ܾãðɣңţѾתΥĴڣţһҵġ
ַȥ˴ʥ̳û׾ٵƳ˷ӡ
ַ緢֣ƺһĿǣǿڻֻ֮лһ;
˴ռ˶λ֮ʥ̳ķӡƳÿжûоֵĸоһ˷ܣЩ˶ΪֻҪǿһţܴӺȥˣ
һʥ̳ķӡƳ˲䣬Ŵ̳ͬʱʧŸռ俪ʼںϣ
ַʶɢȥŴռַ֣緢֣Ŵռһֹ֮¿ʼγһԲͺַ֮ʱŴĸһδενһγһѭ
תƣʱձǨžŹһ
Ÿռɹַǰİ˲ռȫʧһµĺ磡
Ÿγ˾Ÿ㣬µ磬Ÿռľŵʥ֮صںϣģ
Ŵռγ˾Ÿʱû˶֣ÿ˶Ӧµ磬ÿ˵ʶڸӦǵţ
˵ʶһ¶ǳ侲̽һУǶڵȴصʥ֮ţ
Σַ˴ţɺ赲Σųصһ֨֨֨򿪶ȥ
ַоֻһƣͺڴԼһôһƣô򵥣ʹˡ
һ룬˿ַǵţ漴±պϡ
ַ˴ź棬֣źֻһƬ޾ޣ
һжǾֹģַ緢֣Լʶ⣬ԼеԼƣȫֹ
ʶҲΣ㶼ɢŲȥ
ܺܶһֹͣ
ַоԼһͨһ̫֮УȫܿߵһУôɵƮɢ
أ
飿
Сٻ
ַλ飬ǣʶƺѾֹͣƬѡ
ַͻȻ֣˵ڼٵתһݻڰԼʶ
ף
ַоֻԼʶѣȫ˵ڱԼʶ
ˣ
ˣ
ַһƬƮÿ춼ڸ˺
˺У˺ศɣ
ЩޣһƬޣûҲû
û˺ĵطޣ
˵˵˳Ĺ켣ȥƿǧ棬ˡ
û޷ȥ׽Ĺ켣޷һ㣡ûǧͻңеĹ޷ƣ
ʱͿռĽϣʱͿռŹ磬κûˣûйʱͿռĹҲ棬磡Ȼû棬û磬ôܴأ
ַͻȻо˺һģ˭޷뿪ԷһʧһҲʧ
ǲģ
Ȼ˺һģΪҪֿ߻ΪУ
ַ粻֪˶ٸ£ƺһЩƺһһš
ַ֪Լûȥűպ֮һƬޣֹޣ
ַĸһֱǻ֮䡣
һ죬ַ룬Ȼһ壬ΪҲŽأ
֮ǰַҲ⣬ڸս޿ռʱַҪ˺ϡ
뷨ֻһŶΪ˵ڱַʶתַΨһܿƵľ˵˵ֻںϵĻɹʧܻǸδ֪ģ˵һַֻʶʧȥͻֹͣ޾޿ռһֹֹͣ
ǣѾ£ַ벻İ취Լָɣܴ޾޿ռȥ
ַĸִյܵ˳ʼ㣬ǡ˵Ľϡ
ַֻһλᣬʧܣһжַֹͣͻһûʬһԶʧ޾ա
ɹַţ˵ϣһԼľһ㣡
ߣյ㣡
ַ˾˵һ˲ȫֻ˳֮еȥ
һ˲䣬˷ֻһַ̣ʶֹͣ
֪˶ãһӣ޾¡
ַˣʶ𽥵ˣѣм翴Ӱһ㣬еĻ棬оºַ¾һ飻ֺʶյķǳ죬еĶ˲ͱַȫܣա
ַĸоַǳܺʹַ࣬оǳϲ˷ܣ˵ʹͿֵַо˵Ѿȫںϣ
ַʶ֮ͻȻĸо޾޿ռǡޡ͡С
Ϊ޾մڣʵĴڣΪڣʲôûУ
ڣⲻһָоһֿ϶
ַѾȫָĿȨ˵ҲˣַоԼˣҲַоԼ
Ѿַȫƿأ
ַ羪ķ֣Լյ˺ʱ޿̵ĴһֻϢ
˶ڸַ磬ľǻǻ
ָоǳַ֣ȴʵܸܵԼܻһУԼҪĶܻ𣡾ǧ棬ַҲ׵Ļ
ַҾǻ𣿻һУѵ޿ռҶܻô
ܡ
һ翵ַʶ
ݣֲַŮ٣ֺ˵Ůϣ١
̺һϢַоϢԼϢȻ෴ַоֲ֮ĸо
ַʶһһ룬ַƺԽʱͿռ䣬ˡһǰ
ԣһֻм׷ԲһǴַԺ
ַ粻öʶ۾Ҳøо˵ֱ֪ʲô
֮ȫһ˺ϢϢַǳķУַȥһ٣
ԣǱ򣬵ַԲɱһپܽһ㡣
ָоַ첻ѣַڵľ磬ϵľ磬ľѾһּ޵ĸ߶ȣôֻƵ뷨
Ǻɰɣ
ַʵѾǳȷˣ̲סһ䡣
Ȼ֪αضأ㼸ˣˡ
ַ粻⣬ңӣ
ɵǵģô˵ڵȴ𡯵Ľ٣ǡ𡯣ҵܾãʵһҲ̫ãҲƿˣʱܿǧʱ䣬ʱ䳤ͳʱ̾Ͷ̣˼ӵʱƶϳǸ㣬ҳ㣬ͳˣԣֻӡ
ַ룬Цףǡ졯ҵġ𡯡
ҲЦ죬𡯵ѡߣ£֮УҰǧڸɹֻһˡ
ַǰŵģûʱע⵽ҶѣһеԼģ㲢ûйϵֻڵȴһ𡯵٣Ǹ˭˵Ķ԰ɡ
ǺǡЦ˵һ㶼û˵ƿغѾָˣԺƿءƿءǧٴƽˣҵҲˣҲˡǣҪסȻƿǲãҪȻƽ⣬һ˻һˣ͡ʧȥƽ⣬ǧֻңʱһ̯鷳Ҫʰ
ַ絭ĵ֪һεġ𡯣Ϊʹ˵Ȼ¡תˡڵɱǧʧ⣬ˣԼɱˡҲɵµģΪһûл
ַףֻǡһʶתɵˡ֮󣬽ָݣأǧÿһռ䣬ǵȴԵ˵õصɾġʣַΨһɹһ
ɵôô飬һЩСˣǺǡ
ַͻȻûȤҴһܣ
һ㶣ŶΪʲôҺܣҺǧ涼޵ġɱԷģͬھ
ַЦЦѣֻ뽫һٵĳ嶯Ǻǡ
ɵȥŰɣѾȲˡ
ַҵˣҪȻһڵģ㴴СһĻ𣡡
ĵҵѾˣˣȥ켸棬Ȼɷ˷ӡԼļȥЩǿ棬˼ģҲҴµʱ䡭
һ£ȱߡַǲյ㣿
룬յ㣬յ㣬֪ģܶ˶֪ġ
ַЦشԶûд𰸡
ַҲ֪ˣΪһѾַﵽյ㡣
ֻҪԼΪյ㣬յ㣡
ַʶһѾ˺硣
һͯһ֮Уַ翴һϤӰ
硭
ְ֡
硭
ݼСѩ¡ĽŮסַ硣
СѩСèС塢ľﶼѾ˺硣
ݼҲ޾ǿ˺硣
ַĿɨ΢΢һЦߣҴȥ桭
ȫա
==========================================================================================
վС˵Уȫ-Уȫ-У޴TXTС˵أhttp://www.freexiaoshuo.com/
==========================================================================================