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䡷ߣȭС

ݼ飺 
    һеķӵܣĹȴż꣬Եɺϵ̤꣬һԼҲûз·

1 
б繳ңž
ĴҲѿտյֻɫбб䵽ߵǽǣӳһŷӰӡ
һһջĴ̽ͷ˳˳ӻ»·һèУͷһʧ£ˤг
ʹѵƨɣݶ¹£¶һֻèӰӣԼš
ߣҲ۸ҡַ·ӴĺΪңʲôү˭ϲ˭ȥ
Ŵܳ⣬ǽģܳϴһ̣ͣ£ֻһ˵ڣ˸С
ˡסһ˵СӵȻܵˣüü
ַʱûɢȾܡ
ܣһŭȡ
ܣѵȥ𣿡ַһ䣬ܵø죬ڹ¡ˣģһСģ±ٰסһͷ˵ϡ
ˣˡַпࣺλץȥĻˡ뵽һʱסز
쳣Ĵ󺺣ȻĿ࣬ٶȴһҲܿ͸
ǽղץסַջʱһСģȻ˳
ʱļ٣ץַǴɸǵҪǰˣԴϵֶΣҲûؼˣֱˡ
˶û˵˿ջַ֪·ǾרЩƫƧطң˭ַ־ϲĿϷŹһгֻŵöԷƨ
ַߣ˱һӻúýѵһ£ûϵСһˤһһ㣬ͷ죬һѵһӵô
ͻȻַһ£кһЩŭСӾȻװŶ׼ַϾһ¡
ַȫӲݶУƣЩﲻסˣһߵأʱϢͿһжʱ˲мһޡޡ³м󺺺֪㻹ߣ
󺺼ַͻȻŭ𣬻һתһ룬ڼ巴ҲûʲôλץȥܱܲסС˵ˣ㻹ûôòһţٺ٣
һߺٺֱЦһĴڿǣһţӦʲôط
ַûëȻع˸սЦѾˣһŸ߻ˣһţҪˡ˵ˡ
һ˿ûΪٵ֪ȤЦֻ㾹ȻֵǰˣУɾ͡ף㻹ܣ
ַܵôǰһһһֱûڵĴ󺺣ŵЦվǰ档
ģ쵰ʲôʱԼǰȥˣ룬æͷּһ󺺸˫֣ǵš
ܣּײǰվǰǴ󺺵ϣһֻ۶󺺵Ӱӣصͷۻ־£еʲô򣬿ӶǹӰ
˵꣬ϱ㰤һǣһ´ĳأɶˣһȣʱ³Ѫ
ǵķ٣㻹ܲܣԴϷмַ㻹ûܹ񫣬ԼֵҲû湻
ˣ綼ǵӰӣһܵȥֲַǵѪգвʣε
֪ͺãԺҲȰ㲻Ҫ׷ˣֵӲģվַǰĴ˵
ܲŹַֹ֡СүֻҪᣬһܡ
˵ʲô󺺶⡣
ûʲôûʲôַæ˵˵ǵ죬ǳ˲𡣡
仰˵òǴЦֵΪȻôߣܡţⲽ֮ͬУ˼ףҸһķϻ˵ЩʲôǶţˡ
㣿ַһʱǺɻ˵꣬һǵĲǸ뻯ܼúǰַֻΥĵشƨ
ϼүһֳ裬һƨĹǲüЦ˵ˣںǻؿջȥɡ
˵䣬ַһ˫۾վԭط㶣Ҳǲãôû˵Ļôߡ
ַڿ˼֮ƣæˣˣߣߡɾʱַͻȻʼ
ôˣüʵ
ЩʹϳЩɾĶַŲȷһ¡
һȱţȻ˿ջٷ㡣ȻĿΰ壬ȴһҲ˵ǳ˻ˣһң
ַæ˵ᣬᣬұ֤ˣ֮ⷽ£ɲﲻסˡ˵ſӾꡣ
˵˲Сһһֽ˻ſջȥ
һ˵տʼдʱǡ̫ˣ͸Ϊַˡ
ʱ򣬿ܵĸ𼸴û滻ɾ֡ۣСӡҪ㼰ʱ


2 
صջǴ󺺺ӥץСһ㣬һץһַӵéУغ
Լһʱ˵е㷳ʱ
Űǧ򻽡ʺַһӣ˳ȥ
ڣһ仰û꣬ͼַͻȻŶӣéޣʱüôˣ
Բסַһ죬򿪲ŵûɾ˵꣬пһţֿʼ˺ըҵ
ι㻹жáһ󺺴
ˣˣһʱַéӦ
ƨһŭ¼ʺһʱģ
ǷƨڷʺַӦ
Сӣÿ㡣󺺺ûܹһ췽Ҫʱء
ʲôɡһһѪ
˵ַéкٺЦ
ٲǿҪˡһʱ޿̡
𡣡ַеҸղһСģſ˺ôһʺýҪǲţͲˡ
ߡһ󲽣ţСӣȻڵһƿţַѰ굽éǽһߣû뵽Ȼʺʱ䣬éıǽʹˡ
һѽסŭĿԲɣ̵ҿһȣܡ˵žҪ֡
ַУڳʱδȵĵƨϱ㰤һţ˸Ұʺ
㻹ʲô˵Ŀˣʲô
ַôҲǼĴүҪǿҵĽţȥӦòôýɣǵĴϷѣǴҶҪù
룬Ҳ˵ô죿
֮Ǻ˵¾˰ɣұ֤ĲˡַҡͷԣԼ취ȫ
ޣ˵ֻҪץģȱֻ첲ţӦûʲô󰭣ΪԺܣȿȡ󺺴гһѴ󵶣ɷ
Ƕģַ񣬼æҪĲˡ
⻰˵˲°ٴΣδλŷܣ˵ĺֽţͷ£û˵Ϳ
ַٵʱһգǲɷɱĲҽС
ۿһҪַһȳӣڰͻȻɳȣƫеشڵϣ󺺻ѣѳֲסȷ˳ȥ
ֻһЦڰлγӰڰнȽУһëȻ£ȴһʮ
ֻ̬裬ȫ͸һβס廪֮
˭󺺿ʱ˸ͻ
ҲûǴˣڰ׷ַתһתЦû뵽ϼ塯£ȴ˸٣ȤȤ
ַ۾һ˫ţǰȻʱллء
󺺼ֻ˿ַЦԼһۣƤƣϼĻγô˶Դǡһյ˫
д󵶻⣬ȥ
ǵǺһЦץסַģһ㵸ȴǲַĽкɴܣ󺺼ַץߣŭ߳׷ᡣ
˶һˣĳ棬ٶȿһЩַֻĶ߷ƶת۳ǣ˺󺺣ַǰܵĵط
Сӣ߰ɣ׷ϣٱץסû˾ˡַһ۵
˭ҪˡַֹԹȸҲȳףղų֮ʣȡ뵰ôץң
¶һ˿ЦֻһȹǡҪɱϼˣ̸ס̾ҪƾԼ䲻⣬һܴоȳ
˭ΪʲôҪңַվԭû
˭㲻֪üճ֣ҵϼ壬ҲȥһζԹԺΪ֮ɣ
ַʲôԹ
ĬȻǶ¶飬˺ð죬̾˿ʱĻ°
ַʲôѽ
΢΢һŭĿ򣺡࣬θɣ
ַһȣֳĬΣڰֵ˰ˣ˵Щ
䣬ȻûӰӣԶ᣺ϧҴ٣ȴûлԪػ꣬ϧϧС·һ󳤷磬
һﻹַ֡üֹ˭Ϊʲô־ԼˡʱͻȻǰ洫Ų׷ˣַɢ룬Ⱦܡ
쵰˷ܳԶƿڴģԼûɱȫңȻ׷Լš
㻹룬СǴȥȰ㵲ǣжԶܶԶɡ߶ޱַһܵñӻ졣
ܳʮѽɭڲоպͣ򱱶У˼·̣Ӱ涣ɭɭЩˡ
ҹУַ﷢ӣʱһ޺𣬱էֻצͷץ


3 
ʱɫҲƺ֮һ£תһ͵˸ꤴ˸ա
ͷһʱɫȴܺҹ̹˸һȺҰǣȺէڵȻת˳ȥһʱ໡
ַ˸սؾʹѽһһ첲ѪȻǸղû׶ͷǵһצ˺ֱۡ
ʱһͷ¶׹⣬ë໡һȺҽУȿֺӵַҲ˲ϸŭ̧߷ǡ
Ĵӵ˫Ѵ峯ǰɱȥ
ַǰȥһ˿ŭ⣬˫צ裬漴ΪһӰ׷ȥ
̵ģմ쵰ӳòҪǵĿɡԽԽ亹Ӷͷ֣ᡢ˲ϲá
ΪַƺѾӿŵȳζȻѾԼԶˣòʹ̵ƴ񱼡
ججҲ֪˶ʱ˶Զͷһǽ׷ŵȺַˣ죬㻹·
ѽƣ࣬ʱͻǰһôЩ˵˴ֻ¶ʮҲһϱ£
꣬þһŴ֦ɣᡯ£ʵ˴ϣҵһ֦ɣַ֧űһҵĴϢ
ʱºŭġ໡ַͷһֻڵɭӰ֮УĳһֻֻֻһᣬѴﵽʮֻҰǡ
ÿֻǳ۾ɱڵĴͷǵĴ£ΧַڵĴ߶ţȻѾˡ
ַҧгݣһȺͨѣֲǻ±׵ħޣСүôţһԾץסһҪ£ʱɵؿһϣһ
оȻްˣȴǸղ̫ܵѺľֻɿĬȻǶ¶İ
˺ð죬һƬӨĺˣֻԼίѪȣǲ޲졣
ֻһʮһ͵ĵլУ⴩ԽеԴ֪ԼҲʱûлţû޴룬ûоС
Ϊһʼֻ֪Խ˺ðͷĸԽж߳ơӵұʱ򣬻лٹ
ԴԽ֮һ£
ʼ˽ԼĻǿԼȨƼ壬ƽ壬ţһ㲻ԼԽ壬ǲܺ⡣
ٴΣ鿴Լ츳ɾʱͻȻɫһ䣬ԼȻ˴ԽʿУùһ֣Խһ׳ռӷүϣ
ȻǸķ٣Ҫ֪磬Ҫǡ˷ıǮ
ûԱʵʱڷԺֿʲôŨصһʡ
֪һʵַܲˡ
գĽĶֱȫƽ
֮ǲУɴӰ׳үļУԼڵ壬NBĲ˰
㣬ԼȻżȨƣҴ٣ŲʣһҲǲ
ɽִַٵļһηǳü䡣
ǾǼĴǸµˣΪһϵܼ̳м֮λѾɱټӵܣڴɱӵܵ£պײˡ
Ǹķʧȥ˼̳мλõʸ񣬶ڴϳɱӵܵ飬ҲûҪ˵ȥ
ϾڼֻһصķȴλȨ֮ˣ˵ȥҲû˻Լ
ǴԷ彫Լ˵ȥһЩҪ鷳ͬҲɱ
ַ֪Ȼǲڼȥˣҳһܺõѡ񣬳ŴϻûжԼȡжǰַԼǡҴ١ݣѾĻδ˳
ɲӳԶһ£ͻüϵץȥȻÿץأĸױţϳûɱĻᡣ
Լȴ֪ÿץһΣһϳ֮ڻɱ񲢲ȫǹ˼ĸףڵȴʲô
һΣȻİ£ֳɹ˳֪ãֻᱻץȥ
뵽⣬ַ飬е־壬еںޣеãȻüͷʼ΢΢𣬴Ժļ֪һԪߵ硭½
½ж󣬺ļУҲģĺܣӦÿð˸ָޱߣ
ߡԪߣЩߵһЩǣߣȻ֮ɻ
ԪߣȴֻȡؼĵһԪأȻ֮Ԫ֮ҲͬԪǻߵĶ֡
ȼΪα㣬㣻αǣǣαƣƣα죬죻ααľֻһڣ˵ʱͣʱ䳤̲һе˸Ͳᾭαľ磬еҪȹαľȴǱͻһ绨ѵʱ仹
ЩԼЩûʲôõϢʵΪǿʳ磬ԼһӦôȥ
зƼ䣬һգ˯˹ȥҺ֮ϵҶ˶ޱȣÿһƬڸַΣϷɵݷ֣ȥ


4 ħ
Ҳ֪˯˶ʱַһɨһȴͷһƬ¶ˮҶԼڶţֿɬȫյģְס¶ˮС
ϴ˰죬̽ͷֱ̽ĿΧ׶ûȺӰӣԾ֦ЩҲסģѾɢȥˡ
Сһ磬Ȼû߳ӣַЩƣˣѾһһҹûκζͼˣɿʺܣûȥˡ
ַͰ͵ģнп಻ȴֲҾô˫ֱأţɽӭּ£ֻѵģ⡭ʱһֻϡϻɡǷ㣬ϡӻǷһ١ϻڡζ̫һ񣬲һʹְֻδ̣ҲϢһᡣ
˷Σ̧ͷǰïޱߵɭһۣһ¸ѵ촽ҧȥɲ
ɾʱǰͻȻһҰ޵ĲҽʲôҰޱʱİ
ѵﻹʲôԻԲɣһ˴ԼȥУɲ˴ĵط
ĽַٶȸϵǰǵǰǶʱȴǶû˵νžܡ
ǰʲôԻһֻӴ޷ȻȷͨҰޣħޣֻͣҪԼһ£¾͵ú˵ݰˡ
ɿһַڻͷһۺȴͻȻͣһڳ˯ûԼĵ
۾צԱߣһֻѾѩСޣ䳤Ӽ񣬵ȴĸöۡ
ַܲôˣɭУѰʳ޹ĿҪͷˣŪ㶫ԣ׼
ᣬòʳ⡣
ϸԼǰǸ޴޵ӣƬߴףˮһСԴϣżΪĿ۾޽ǡ
ԹԣһӦòǴ˵еħްɣһ촽˿ڿˮַţ˹ȥ
޵ĺ棬СĵתһȦѩС޵Աߡ
˵ϴǧҪѰСʵǶĲУȻԲ͵ʳֹһ˫ֽץסֻСޣԼȫһתӰ˷ֳ
һ˼ǧףֽŲõһϺ󣬲֦
Ϣ
ַѾţ֮ȥѩС޵ƤһЩ֦ʯͷԭʼķ棬һ׵ؿܣ㿪ʼտ
һ죬һִ̱ǵĽζ
ʲôĻʲô𣿡ַüͷſǺдŻƣִĿ⣬ԹѵտģҪôིô
û취ֻýȡ£һֿ
һΣŵĿˣŲ֪Ǽ˿⣬ַ۾һգҲܲôˣһҧȥ
ţû뵽ڡַһҧţһǼʳɣٺ٣ЦĲһǵգҡҡͷ
ȳһַһƬҶһ뿾õãȻŽڻУ·
ɾʱԶͻȻһŭѾ˯ѣ͵ʳޱȷŭ
Զַһۣȷֻһ͵Ұޣħʱ˷ۣģֲ͵ţֻ͵˵Եģë֪лħ޴ô˼ô죡
ܿȥʱһЩطѾֲָˡ
Һãַת˼طҵһĵطҶȽϡ裬Щ¹ǿԿһЩ
һһĽַĺ˿ȻҲǺܰȫȫһĨڣԼʲôҲĵطöˣ
ɾʱַоƬռպͱĵطЩͬڵȻŨ࣬Щת
ô£
ɻ䣬ֻһγɵǰƮȥ
ЩУַܵһ˿Ȼһ˿ȻַľѣԺзɿԹһͷʱ
ѵħս
治ǺϢ
ԼǸͨˣħ֮սԼֻҪ㰤šţͿû
䣬ͻȻһŭһıͻȻͷӹһƺڷַɢȾܡ
ҵѽԭħھܳԶͷһ˼䣬ԼԶͷģϣŹֵħ޷·˴Ųɽһ㣬֪ƣս
һͷвͣŰâһͷǲźâ׻ַħ޵ľͶ֮к
ܵĻľһķһʱ顣
ħ֮սôǿֲһᣬַһ䣬ɽӣعԼղţǲһı˸͸ģ̲סֱð
໹ֽУ±âħޣַƿڴ쵰˲ҪСүһֻħˡ
С࣬㻹룬Сһɢޱ߶Ҳͬشͻһ㣬Ҳɵû˼Σ޷վȡ
ҵ裬ħ޻˵ַһಡһİ׳̷ӵ£ת۱ʧط


5 
峽ʱ֣ů֦ķ϶͸ϸϸĹߣ׺ɭ֡
ַСһԴգ˼۾Ȼ͵վӣһ૵Ѿȥһҹˣħû׷Ӧû˰ɡ
֦վֱ壬ﶪ󼸿⣬ҽһֿʼ˽̽·ɲˡ
ξȻͿܵħ޵ĵ̣ҪԼÿ죬ºĺأνѵַﻹܡ
˰պ󡭡
ףɭҹַͻȻüëǰʲôڴ򶷣
ޡµеŵСݣֽűӿЦԼòǸ˥Уħ֮ս˰ɣ
ַڶϸǰȥžԽԽԽԽ󣬺˵ĺǳ⡣
ԹԣβħޡַٳɣϽȥΪѾȷˡ
Ȼǰʮ׵ĵطһںһֻεҰ޴Ĳɿ֡
ܵýˣַſѾһǳǳϵߣͷӶѾˣϡϡ裬ͷҲơ
治ףһûͨӦŶ԰ֻҰ򶷱֣¾һ׳Ҳ
䣬ͷ͵Ұ߻У˼ϣȻַһۣҲδֱˡ
ϣַǰȥ׼֣ߴȥǡϡֳʱͣĿɿڴǳ֮ڣһ޾ĽɫɳĮ
Сӣǰɡ߿ַͣüһˣﵽϣ޳֣ħҲʱʳΣյġ˵꣬㲻ڶ˵ҰɳĮȥ
ǣַ̧ͷԶȻԶԼԼһ޴ĳǳأֻããɳĮ֮УɳŰվϸ濴ǳء
˽ϵ·˳ߵ㼣ַĶŷɳǰţһڻɳ֮еĽӡƬ֮󣬱Ǳɳڸǡ
ɳĮ֮еĻϿЩַϣµĻɳյıɹ֮£̵͸ЬףֱӴ˽̲ס鴤촽
ڻ֮ʱӭĿϸɳ֮ϣ۲ѡ
̾һ̧ͷѾܹģĻɫУϷ˶ĺ֣ڳǽ֮ϡ
ɳǡһ䣬ַ죬ſڴ
ڳſڴʮ׵ʿֳֳǹߺŽǵ·ˣΪȵԵʣЩڴ˵ʿҲǱЩɢ
ַߺ棬ûע䣬ֱ߽ǳء
ͨЩڰĳǽͨƬ̺߻ȻʣеǵصĹõ⧲ַԴ΢΢͡
㶵վڽͷΧЩӵȺɭд˰֮ãϰĹаַȻȻ䲻֪øЩʲôˡ
ҸطԵ㶫ɡѾùֱеĶӣֱַȥ
ǵһҾƹǰʱȴͻȻͣ˽Ų૵ûǮ԰ͣ᲻˴ûС
Ǽ䣬˵һ£һʱȺĴɨţųԷķӣ⴩ԽʿԽӣҲǹ˥ˡ
ȻԶٱҲǳǧ֮¡
ʱԶַתͷȥֻһ߬һŮĸ첲ϿȥԱ¼ūЦ
滹һСӣӵСȣĿţƮζҪַֻһۣͷ
ʱִһֵЦȴӱΧм䣬һòݿݻƵ̸֮š
ʱַٳСӿȥȴǳмȣȴ۰ͰŲԶǾƵеĿ졣
һﻹܳ԰ַСģβʴ׹Ƿʵ˶ˡ
аֹһͻȻһ૵ȻСԣԼΪʲôԸˣٺ٣ŵЦСȥ
Сӣǲǿ죿ַŴջСðָеĿ죬Сӵ
ԡСѿڶһ㶣ַȻĵϵǮѾԹˣҳô
ȻԡַСӾͳƵȥͬʱкݺݱԼһ˭ûǮˣھȻҪСƭԵġ
СַСһͽеþƺò˾ǲˡ
СһӣʱַȻûһǮһͷȴʵʵǴܴģЦ
ַܲ鿴Һ·Ż
үˣСˡСһӣЦá򿪺ӣһɲ˵ʱַıǿס
ϵС¿ֻȣַСһһֻڳ
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һҪԶΡСһֻȺ󣬲ɿͰ͵ؿַ
ѾģС쵰ԵġַֹĽȡŵСǰȻʣµĶϵֽá
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СϵСӣһСģʶһתȻ˵ĹӣСæЦүˣˣСʹȥ㡣
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ڽл˼ûӦ󣬵Сƿé޵ţʱǻַӰӣéӶݸ֡
С۵Ľֻéŭѡ


6 ͷ
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ŭ߬ң̧ͷȥȴԼǰվˣһһŮ
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΢ϸһۣͻ֣ᷢһ˵֬Ϣ·ŮװŮһ㣬ʵڹޱȡ
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ַ˵һ鴤ѹŵɱСӣллңɱ˺治£ҿ
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顭һȴڵϵַҲܲסʹ࣬һѪ󣬾͵ػˡ
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ǣС㡣ְ˽ţַһȥ
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¶һ˿ЦҲȥ


7 Ͷ¥
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վĵطûУַһ㶣Ȼʵ壬̺¥ѡλôģҿܽεӣôô
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ҿԭ̭Լˡʲôī⣬ַںݺݽϣͷٻƣһղ¥ֻҽԣû˵ʲôŪī⣬Ҫġ
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ҲַͨЦã˽ȥ
ʱпͷַıӰЦСǲ֪ߵغ񣬾Ȼ˵¥ģѾ޳ܵˣСӱƤǲ񰡣̺¥Ҫġ˲š


8 
ַ˿֪ʱͷĿе󣬻Ϊ¥ͷţ˴ҲûĴҿڵһ䡰ۡҪԼͨˣԷˡ
ļˣһַۣĽȻͨĿˣ˴ɻٴξԲųɣûַô˳
ɫַ࣬һ£¶ֲĿ⣬Ͼ֮ˣֱԣڱ̺¥ڻǺټ
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ٺ٣ܲ£̺¥һ񣬸ǮַЦЦҪĵطСպ˺ôԲֵġ
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˵Ҳǡ꿴ַһۣͷٲŶ»мǮۣˣһջȱһƣǵط٣ջһϰƣΪȻߣܺã˵ǮڻУߵһô
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ѽСӣ죬ͦ컬ģԺУȥɻɡЦЦַⷬϲġ
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治ֵǮַһȺ˴ţһ߸̾
һٽţոո㶨һˣִӹ̨ɶæȥɨɨк⼸λϷϢ
รϾȥַջ⣬ɨĨͷȥƿţζزݲݴɨš
顱һűƿַæתͷһȻͷˣ϶Ƥɫڣ̬ǸǸ
ȫɢǹַ֮һͨǰǾɽΡȻһ㡣
һͷϵĲһŲ֪ħԣǵͻϺӯӦöߣһеߣʲôȼַͲ֪ˡ
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ת˵λ͹٣ǵϷ·Ըͳˡ
˵ֶַкλүȥһ䷿
รร֪ˣ͹롭

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ˣڿЪϢˣſڹ̨ϣַﱧԹ̺¥ǲҲ̫ɶˣôĿˣȻһƣһϰ壬ⲻİͶô
ͲԹˣпڱԣͲˣ㻹С㣬ȫˡ̾˿ε
ȥ˯ˡַ˷ۣ¥ȥˡ


9 ؼ߰Ĵ
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˸ԶַȻҴ٣õܣֻϧʮ˾ţ
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ȻˣͰ·ɣеĹֽɭ紵񣬡ˢˢˢˢһַʱʮѪҺӰ
Ѫ飬ѵַˣŰѪ飬ַг˲ʡ

СӣƤ˲ǣ£һ˻ҪײеϸһһŲӣľϺ˯ַ
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С϶һַģйâ䣬æС϶֣ճȴԵˡ
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Щһһú󣬲ҡͷԣͨͨ书ķʮؼܱˣµȵģֻҪöͭңϵȵļ۸΢һЩʮͭСֵҪؼ

ŵϵΪЩؼַС
ǰڽͷСУЩŽʮơơŵؼСһ·ţؼһǮһۣͯ
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С϶Զʱһۣ֪ǰλȱ½ĳЩʶãǮæеߵ½ĶȻһЩͽ׵һЩУôǮ򵽣ֻǾ磬ڻϵͳͳһЩ£ˣҪԣǾͱ跢ѪģǸС
ַʱŶһԭֲͷղŻ۹⿴Լˡ
ʣͨĹҪ೤ʱſɣɺΣַԴЩΣʵ
С϶ԥһ´ͨĹʺһˣʮСɣʮԴɣʮԴﵽ£ʱࡢá߱ڡһȭʯ
ַһ㶣૵ǲˣʮſСɣǲ̫˵㡣ãͻȻʵͨ˽ºЩ߱ȣǸʲôΣ
ʲôΣС϶ַôһʣһΣûعκ󣬲ŵǵȻһб˼ҿƿ֣֮͵÷ʬиʲôΡ
һоؼʲôãַ¶ϣ֮ɫ̾˿ˣҲˣֲ˻
С϶ٺһЦеȫͲŵСֵܣҲҪ̾ܽ֡£ʱҸƫڡĵطҲδزܳΪһҪ֪½Ǵĳ񣬶ҲǧһĴڣô׾ģЩûĵطһ㶼ǲȥģеطһչȭš
Ҫȥһô𣡡ַɬҡҡͷȻ̾˿Ҫȥ㣬æȥ


10 ؼ
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е˸ŭԣǿΪӣֻҪȭͷӲͿΪΪ
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ص˵ͷǰͷ·ַ룺⼸˵ģΪʲôҪôصģʲô
ַ˰úúһ˽ûǵķԸ˵¥ҲУ֪𣿡
ǣС֪ˣһ󺺴׳һöҸַ㣬ԹǵĻǮġ
Ȼһ־һöңַסˣæǣǣлүͣˮëСһ̺ãһе飡
æ˳͵͵˽ңԼһõôһǮģ
Ļֱ֣ΪϾңңңͭң1Ͼ=100=10000=100000ͭңƽһҾ͹һͨĿ֮һܵĿˡ
ģүˣַæһöң⼸Ȼ˵㣬ô󷽣ȴҲѵòһεĺÿ͡
ô˵Ҳúú÷̣ǶסϼǣԼôһͨúõȥûǮֻǿ롣
ַﵽһ׼㣬һǼ˴Ķģ治ѰеŶ
æղɱܿ˵£ҲˣˣҲֻ˵ЩϻһСĻǻˣûʲôˣͻԼϢɣϿеæˣǼλ͹ۣҪдˡ
ţҳˣַĽеȥصԼķ䡣
һص䣬ַϣǱ֡˳ȻЩ˿һˣĥܹϳġ
һᣬѡ֡һصͼȫһ飬ݵ٣Ƿֱ治
ǵһһɣ˵ٶȡӦǿ౶ɼؼʱ䳤˵⣬ͨҲŲСջ
ϴɳĮɭǸͷҲؼȻһ˶ԸôһͷҰޣǾԲܵ¡
ڴϣĿ񣬰ؼصķԼĺϸźĴûӣоһּķΧΧԼġ
ְð꣬ԼþûˣԴӼʱʱ̶̿ĵüҵҲѡ
ȴû뵽ڸѹʧߡܰ˯ԼϣҸͿԼ˯֪㲻֮ϲ
ɺûʲô֮˯Ҳ
뾲е˼άһмͼھ̳ԼԺС
סе˿˿˷ܣʼһСµȥ괦ϣ֮һΪ˫ȣ֮˳С
ǡ֡һһ졣
տʼʱЩżУĹУкܶطƫδһ飬ЧûУƽҲ
ַ֪ȥ϶УŬѹͷļ꣬ƽ¿ʼǰУһһ㣬ʹÿһǰ·߶׼ȷ
һҲ֪˶೤ʱ䣬ֻľۣҲۣ۵ֱ˯
ۣԳɣ
ǡ֡ҪҲµЧ֡ɣͿĳصγ֣ȫӶЧһһؼ
ַ֮ǰû뵽ģһɣ˵ЩͽߣҲܷĴȻ߽ߣǵͨԶͨ뷨ԲǶĿ
ȻԼ̾ʹﵽֵľ磬һԼ˵ħޣУԺЩҰޣ˱ֶΡ
Ҳûа취ûʲôǿٳɵģ黹һһһԳӣţҲ
ַ̧һ´գɫ˻ɵɫѵ˰ʱ֡ʱĻ죬һ㶼ûע⵽ѹôʱ䡣
ʱ¥Ŀͷһַֺʵˣ컹м˵к⹦ԣȻ¸ˣ
ַţ˷䣬ֻǼƺڳʲô̫ԶַҲû˵Щʲôæ¥Ǽ˵⡣
ǽӽһʱ֮䣬վ⣬Щ֪Ǻá
ֻΪ׵Ůг˺⣬ƺʮֲõڳ£һ˽Ͱ͵˵˼䣬㲻˵
Ÿ顱ش򿪣һ󺺿粽ȵСӣظʲô
ַһæûûУλ͹ҪҪʲô
ŮӣĿַһۣ΢΢һӣվַǰһӦŵ粽һץסַ


11 
ַЩĪүʲô
ӲУŮߣ⣬һ˫۾Įַַ֪ʲô㲻˵Щ֪ҪδԼ
ŮӳĬһȻδˣȴʮƽͣСӣղ˵ʲô𣿡
ַæûУûУСĸʲôģǷˣ
ַһۺ󣬻ȻˣԳȥˣͲˣʱǻȥԵġ
ַ΢΢һҿԳȥˣ
վұߵһλ󺺣Цһַǲţǻ׾ͷԼȥȥɣղֻǸһ棬סֻһΣ´ûоǵͬ⣬˽Ҿͳ㣡
ǣǣͬĴСĲٷַһæЦһﰵ÷񵰣ȡҵСүڷзŵҩ
ֵ˳ַ¥˸кͽԼķ䣬Ⱥϰһ¡֡
ڶ賿𴲣ַͻȻЩͷǣҲ֪ǲʲô֡ĺ֢
ҲûѯΪξǷϣһΪƵеæµš
ʱȥ
תۣѹ£ŮҲˣڿջסôãȻûһ˼ַѣΪʲôҪôá
ҺΪÿġ֡Ҳ𽥰˴ƣа˳ԽԽɣľ״̬Ҳָ
æƣַֿʼһܿͽ˼ƽ״̬˯˯ѷѣ޵С
һϣ»ع鵽ʱԭƽĵͻȻ˼ţСƺ΢΢䶯
һȦһȦβУСԵ۶̣ƺĳ΢ɲڲϾۼۼپۼ۳һ˿΢
ַһǲϲֵ֪ڲˡ
ڷˡ
תۼ䣬ֹȥһ¡
ʱеѲ˿״ɼСѹʵһţ뾭βһޱתʱĴָϸ
֮ľһţƺݲٶ
ھʼ֡ڶء塭ϲǣڴײ£һѾɹ
崦ŵ壬ַ̲סЦ˶ʮܴﵽľ磬Ȼֻ˰ʱ䣬ʹﵽˣѵԼǷϲţš
еǷ
ڡ֡ǴɣٽǵˣصⷿǲˣҸտĵطС
ΪǲطСˣǹӡ
ַϴνɳĮɭʱһطΪΣһջֱӱǴط
һѻʮͭС̤һƬ֮УΪƬӿ˵ɳĮɭΧΧûʲôħޡ
ֻһЩȽ͵Ұޣƾַڵ֣һ·϶ԸЩҰҲǿǿ
һСʱַ֮˿ҪˡҲƬӵвˣһ˳
ǰԶˣ䣬䡱ˮײַ֪ԼĿĵصˡ
һٲˮˮк£صײʯ֮ϣ䡱˽סΪȻ۷
һӯ¿˳źڣַΪ֮һ
Ϊĵ˵ͷ޵ȻǿεĺõطֻܴܲмôһСռ䣬߽ѷһռ䡣
ַѱϵŵһ޴ɽʯ£Աʱ֮裬ͻصյ룬˫Ŀ˼һ£Ȼ˫ۣ¶飬˵ʹӲ΢ʼɡ
һַжʱǳ΢ϰ֮֫ҲȻȻһЩι״ĶҲտ֮أ
֮ʱûκεʱת۾ǰ΢΢۾ĽַͣЦӣԼûǴ˵Сٹȡ֮ڵûؿջԷˡ
վһͷһͣ
ַ۾΢УǹһЦݣ֡ţĸоͦܵģ
Ĵֽһɹɾ磬ٵջȥ
ףһԼ֫˲٣Ҳһ㣬ٺ٣ָоϲַһбܣһ߸˵
һ·оյػصջַİ˫ȷϣԼСȣõıܣʹԼȲЩʹѪҲЩͨ
˼£еȲ֪ȫָˣַŴӵվϰԵĴɨһº󣬲Źƿ˽ȥ
ڳһ̻ʺֱʵװ¶ַűߴűã죬ĵĻصԼķ
ʱһһĹȥˣһֱϰַ֡Ҳĺܴı仯˲٣Լľƺǰʢ࣬θҲǰ˲١
죬һϰ겨ַȻоԼ״ĵطؼɧʮڰղžе
˰κַջȥƾȥôĵطȥ
ʮӺһǰ֮µַæұߵӱȥ׺󣬶һþ棬һɽҡַȻһһʧ˳
ʲôħޣûħޣôħأַ˼⣬ͬʱ
ħ޷Ϊȼһħ޶Ӧ½㾳磬ħ޶ԻǾ磬ǻƣļǻ죬弶ǻ
ƾַڵֻ޻׾ˣħ޵ĻͼħޣַҲֻΪһȡ
ֻǰʮ׵Ŀյϣͷħڽƴ
һλħޣ㼶ķ𻢡
һλħޣ㼶Ĵرܡ
Եķ·磬ȻǷ硢ϵħޣϾȴرܵһλڵķѾɭ֮ͷرܵһ˫ɿǱĴ㣬֧Ų˶ˡ
¡ϡ
쬿ֻħǾǵս˰ַڻǾ䡰飡飡飡飡֮ը죬ּ˵ײꡯ֮ϣâ磬ħĵʮ֮ڵĵ棬Ǳ̿ѣǱճɽ̿


12 ֮
໡رһ໣һ޴ǹӾбٶ˷𻢡
𣡡һӷзâһһ֧֮˰֮ķȻӷ𻢵Ŀ
һһףּ˵ڰ
䣡һ޴ıը֮ʮڵȫ鿪һҽУǿ񱩵׷˳ȥһϢſ˵ط
ʱĴرܺЦˣַ۾ûЦˣЦݹϣȴַһ󷢺
رܴʤߵ΢ЦһһڵϷȥȻ͵Ĵӵվ𣬷硢ԪѸٵļڿУƱɫɫˣַҲо硢еķ硢Ԫȴü䱩ˡ
ӿмԼһĴħܡ
ءը͵𣬴һɳסսκ󣬳䶨ַæӹ
ս֮У𻢸ƺǱʲô̴˰㣬ӡĲסѪһأѾȥĴħҲǰһƬڣѪֱʵڵϣһϢⳡӦûʤߡ
ٺ٣Сүˣû뵽Сүҡַʱ˿ͬʱ¶һ˿Цֳ̤ĳȥķȥ
ߵ𻢵ԱߺַϰԵһҪȡȡħʱȻɫһ䣬һٴһĺ˼֦ҶȻС֡
ûжãӰһ̽ͷ̽Ե˳װϿӦһðߡ
˼ΪСģһͷͣĴţǽסпɢİɫˮӦһ㾳ˮϵԪߣжķֻħ޵ڴ
ҸɣѼӷˣַе㲻ʵ̾Ϣһ¡
ͬʱַѹ겨еġϢ֮˵ޣϢΧľͬ¶ֺ
ڳȥƴ޴ͷַδӷȵȥȻԼʮֵ۲ħˣһЩҲܲа
ַҡͷʹȥԼôһͨˣȻԼ㣬Ҳͨǿ㣬ҪһԪ߶뼦ײʯͷûʲô
뵽ַĵĳȥ˳ʮԶʱ򣬲ŷĵĴ㼱ȡħ˺󣬸
ɵַոܳԶ֮ؾ΢һҡΣ䡱һһ죬ֻħĵط
һ죬ַһһºһҧĵ˻ȥվڼʮԶǱʯķԲ״Ѿ˺üεðߵʬ壬ַһô˸ս
һشħܣַжʱ²ѣ벻⺩֮£˸߰ģΪԼۣȻȼ꣬뱬һʽ
꣬սʱԼѡԼɢǿһ½ÿ˶ĴڵģһǻԼѡɢ
ڴ֮Ѿӵǻ۵ħޣȻʹñַ꣬ее㾪ѽ⣬һղҪðߵĳ֣³ܴ֮ǿһľԼˡ
뵽ַëһ£ȫҲıټӿ죬ĿǸѾķѵðһۺĬĬ߶Ϊ˸һΣξҵһֵģ
ĴȷΧû˺ַѸߵ𻢵Աߣȫעеȫ𻢵ͷ
źХ֮ꡱĴ̽˷𻢵ԴУǽҲ̲ȥˡ
ȻַȴȾ֪ᷢһһһڷ𻢵Դϣͷǵײڼžɭвͣص
ַϵ֮£ͷϵѿڿʼһǱĴ䣬Щֱַϡ
ַ⣬ֻȻ񱩵ظĶ󡰿ꡱһ𣬷𻢵ͷȫıѣŷŵ׹ξȫ¶
ħħĽᾧ壬ħ޵ȼԲͬγɴСɫͬħˡûߣԪõȡΪħ˼Ϊѵã˼ǮҲ൱
ַνȡˣеħˣصǴ˵еħˣٺ٣εı˼ˣصջСүҪзգúףһ
뵽ַͣڿһ֦ҶïܵĴĴһº׼˷򣬾
ʩչ˹겨ϵġ󣬾·ˣһ·Сǰţ·̺󣬲δʲôⷢƺƬֻһˡ
ӵΧ˶ʮӺַͻȻͣ˽Ųԥһֱߵ˼ȻһĻȴַĶ
е㲻ĿŽҵʬףǿʹ侲ַ˹ȥ
һʬףɫĽ£Ŀ࣬һϸϸɫѪߣͷ­˫ĿԲĲʣƺüĿӦǸĵӡ
һߣеȣѪģһ޽ǰֱԺ˱Ķ˵ϣԽѪҺһء
ﵽ׷ʲô£ɧȻħ޴սֳˣⶼЩʲôӴСү඼ˡ龰ַһüͷЩͷʹˣ
̧ͷգ˼һ󣬾ͼ̳·ˣ﷢ʲô£ֻҪԼ뿪ӦþͲΣˡ
ַΧʱñཻ֮ƹƹҡĴüΪң˶ʱһ룺ôսˣԼȳȥ˵һַͿ첽Χȥ
ͻȻ죬ö˺ȵ˭ͣ
ַºͣһһ˼ĽǶȶöڣȴǶȻáһҺźһˤڵء
ַ΢΢һعͷֻµһˣöڶڻ˵Ҽ֮ϡ
ԼĸУһʲŻһӣַֻһͨˣûĶԴָγڡ
˫ϵʱѪȪӿ֪߼⺷һҲں˿ڣһţһַС֮ϡ
ַͻվüͻʩϮ£ַһ顱һȻɳȥײһϣ۶ϣпѪ


13 
Լչ֣һʱȻֽͬһһˣһҲû𵽡
ַȻ䣬Ҳе㲻ʣû뵽Լƴġ֡ʱ˵ĲһⲻĻ
ڵϵַãҡҡλվŭӵĻˣȥǵѪŭ쵰ͷΪʲôԵ޹Ϯɱң
ͷַȻѾˣȴǱ֮ˣɫ΢䣬ôҲû뵽ôһͨˣΪξȻԼһ
ַǰие㲻ݺݵĵ֮ĸڷŭȻлɱַȴΪˡ
Χ֮ڴӶƺߣַ̧ͷΧһɨӣǰǺôһƬؿյأʱƬռľ֪һʲôȫˡ
Ϻѹѹˣ٣ʮ֮˾Ѫ죬ȫޣ׵ֳѵѪ֮Уһ춯صĴƴ
˿ƬȴһƬžַȻ֪﷢ʲô£Ҳ֪ž֮żɱ
˰Σñһͳ𣺡ιǰλСѣǿջСƣ
ַͻȻôһһתʵ˭ڽң
תһƳ֮ºַȴǼ˵ʱ¿ջһ󺺡һ׮֮ԣҲжѡ
ַôһ˵󺺶ʱϲæԭ㰡ǾһȲɡ
ַʵһͨˣʲô㰡
æ˵﷢һƴԺ󣬾ֻҺͷ£ȫˣֻܶһͨˣ˿գҲܽͷ
ַһŵʵ㲻ƭҰɣղͷһˣһҪҵС
󺺿ЦСֵܣͷһţþ²߳ģҪȻΪƾһͨˣܳһߵһ𣡡
ַ°ͣ˵ͷԭҾ֮ʲôôôֺõ£û㹻ı꣬Ѱ
ַ˵һ˫۾ڴɨͣ˼ˣûôСү˭ҲʶҲá
æСֵܣҵҸ߷磬壬ôȻٸڻ߽һȭһƣͷ˰ա
ַ³˼תţβһ˫۾ȴĴɨӣȫû˵Ļ
󺺼ַһ飬󼱵ͷ֮Σʩ͵Ϯ㣬㱰оᵽģһָһ㣬ȥʱ˻ϣһٲĺô
ַǳЩ⶯ģͷȴǿַѾеĶˣ΢΢еżһͬСɣһڽͨĻʱˣȫҲ
ͷƽһɻ󣬶ݺݶַ˵Ҵ˿ǰ㶯ãСӣ֣͹ңʲô³ߣҸұֻ֤ҪǴһָΪҲͬ㡣
ŭͷǺ˵˵ôСֵֻҪɱ㣬Ͷо֮ôʩּӺ˵ҺλСԩ޳
ͷ΢΢һЦԴ󺺵ĻмһˣַλСѣǲ﷢ʲô£ٺ٣˾Ҹ֮㡣ʵƴܾˣȫΪһֲֲϷҲ֪ǣĴ壬ȴΪ˵õɻʮĽңǶô޴һȲƸ뿴ǴҪϢûи㣬϶㲻⡣ΪôһȾ޶ңֻҪһϣǺǶ㻹ôͷ˵ѣ˵ǣҪַ֮ġ
ͷĻַΪһʱ֮Ҳ֪Ǻˣûֲ֮£Լ󺺣ܵõĵôֲһǾ˵ˣ󺺻пɱԼڡ
΢΢һԥ䣬ֻͷջ˵Сѣڻɱ󺺣Ըһֲҵĳ⣬Ҳˣղų㣬ʵ֮٣㵱Ǵһˣ㲻ҪǺޣ
һͷ˵ʱŭⱰ޳ͷ˵ЩʲôΪ֮ƻɹСֵܺεȴƻû˵ֲ֮£Ϊһʱ⣬Ҳȷǲ֮
󺺻عͷַСֵܣǧ򲻿ͷ֮ԣֲܻɽ֮Уɱͷʹȥ
ָŲԶһɽǳĿַ
ַһɽһᣬһҧĵ¾棬һڶ˵ĺµʱԼҲǵϣȻˣǾ͹ֲСүˣ


14 նɱ
ַ͵͵ͷһۣȻͷƽͷһĻɫʱ䣬ȴһϲһ˿죬ƺ϶ַվԼˡ
ͷŭһѪʢʱҪַж
Ǽͬһʱ䣬ͷɫ䣬顱һ˫ϥڵأĿַһسԼȴ޷
һΣַϲʱ֪Ĳܶˣеͷһ顱նʹ̡
Ƭַ̺ϸոӿЦݣеסˡ
ͷȻʹĵŹأȴųһ㵭ĺ⣬ƾȴƲ⻤ֺ
Ҵͷǿ̧׵غַȻû˵Թ֮ɫ
ַ֮⡱һ£һ˼ж㻤Ӧòܱͷòǡ
ԶԷݣôẦԼôһͨˣһԼȣ뵽ַ԰
˫ַɿػӶɫϣɭɭһնеͷ
顱첻ϴ
ݺݻ˰׹֮ϣѹ˰׹磬ñط龰ַվԭסˡ
ͷʹϣȴ¶һ˿֮ɫ
СӣΪһͨˣκһ㶥ߣٵһһúóζͷѾ˵֮ɫȻƽ֮ĺ⣬¶ɡ
һ֮󣬹ֺδͷܶĵһ£Լ˺÷飬ַԥǷҪ·ʱǴͻȻ˵ˡ
ߣһѾҪֶѣСֵܣסѺȻֻǹˣ󺺷Ѿеһָһ޽𣬷һתɵַС
һֽסѽַʱ֪ѽԼǰߵˣֳһ޽ȴǴš䡱Źֿնȥ
ס֣Сӣ֪ڸʲô£ĻӴ˱׷ɱ𣡡ͷһַӵѽھæɫһȵ
ַЦһûа֮⣬תۼڹʮ£Ҳھ޽ͻ֮ҡҡ׹
ͷĻԭǺɫһѪڵƣܶް취롣
תۼ䣬šꡱһ죬ѣͷһ춯صĲҽ֮㵹һʺѪ֮С
󺺼ͷ۾һϲغȵãСֵܣȻͣһǿ߾ȻСֵôһͨ£ǹھŽ£
ַɱͷ˫ĿһУ󺺲Զνڣ֫ҡҡ׹˵Ҳ
ַϺŴ󺺸Լľ޽һȥ
󺺼ַһٶɫ䣬¶һֺȻ֮ɫŭȵСֵܣʲôѵҲɱ𣿡
ַߵԱߣԳһôôˣֻһǰ˵һ仰ѣ
һʵǰĻ˵ʲô
ַ۾һУıӣ΢ЦǺǣǾǽ߽ôһͨϣ
㣬쵰󺺵ַĿ⣬ͷĸ׶񣬿Ǵ󺺸ովӾͻ˼Σվɫһѿ֮
ַʱû¶ľŭԹ֮ɫһ֣޽˴󺺣顱
Ƭ̵ع򣬴Ĺ־ͿʼٺٹһСع򣬹־ڴɫ֮Уʧˡ
һҽУ󺺵ڵϣ֫鴤˼º󣬾Ͳˡ
ԭôãͬǻǿߣͷˣֲãղһֱϵǴߴСүɱͷַ΢һ󣬱
˶ѹҵˣߵϵһЩַȻҪЦˣһѹȥˣȴֻҵ˰ңַʧX߾ȻôţҲûʲôѵˣһ⵰
һ뵽⣬Ҳû˿ﵢʱ˼һתǰָɽķȥ


15 ʥײ
ɽԱߣƺ̫ӣϸĲ鿴һַӻһȡһۣȼܡ
ȻַɽɽȻַԤһǺֻܿ߰ɣһɽڵǰ棬ɽײˡ
ַŻ⣬Ŀⲻͣɽתţûзʲôֲ꣬˵ֲɽ֮УӦúܺҲǡ
ףʲôͻȻַһԶĵطһڲ¡߸߶·ʯͷӣк棬˹ȥ
ַûж룬˹ȥŹ۵Ͱ׹⣬ϸ
񣡡ַһ
ʲôʯͷһ˵ʬ壬߸һÿһʬ滹һЩ֪ħ˺ҧĺۼģѪһɢ޵Ѫζ
ˣԼôˣС˵Ͼ˵ػ֮뵽ʱַͷһתвãæҪ˳ȥ
Ǹո˳۵ĹâͻȻһӰַϸһǺӰһͷħ޵ʬ塣һͷ޵ʬ壬ַһһƨ˵ϣ૵ΣСүҾ갡
ɽҲһսһͬھ֣ԼڿѾػħ޵ĸвˡ
ҹܰȻǽޱȰַҲѣͷһξԼǲ
Զַϸɽ֮УѰַұɽ䣬һֲͨӰӶû
˵Լֵù˰ɣѵֲǱ˽ȵˣСүҵʮ˭Ҫַߵػħ޵Աߣкʹͷ­
ʮҲˣҺûһֵǧҵħ˰οԼ顱ɽ֮н
ַŬȷһųʯͷַƲѣڿħˣզоôգֲﲻˣѵԼô̰ƣ
ְħսźȥַȴͻȻסһýʹһħ޵ʬ塣
ͻȻħĵײ͸ư׹⣬ַˣһϲæеˮ²ڵϣƷħӴ塣
׹⣬һƬѤҫ۶Ŀİ׹⣡ַƷħ󣬿Ψһɫʡ
Ƭ׹ⱬһ󣬽һСɫţϢ䵽˵ϣƬ֮󣬰׹ʧӰ٣¶ַϲݡ
ڳַǰһңһһСɫʯϣһ굥Ҷĵɫֲꡣ
ʣ϶صֲˣ侥ҶɫȻǵɫѾˣַһֲϲ
ϸ˲鿴ֲһַȴ¶һ˼ģַ°ͣ૵ôǼֲﰡţǼأ
˼еַĿͻȻһת䵽˰ɫʯ֮ϣ͵һԴȻɫɫԭԼ²ĻֲӦǡʥײݡֲʥײݵĻֵʮҡ
˵ַǰʵûпֲҪ˵ģҲӦ壬Ҳֻڡ½ٱͼ⡷ϿֲһЩѡ
ַȻļ䣬Ͼȫ棬һʱûϳֲҲпԭļе֪½ϵĸһЩصֲ֮ʣʥײݡЩֲеһ֡
ַϸĴļУһڡʥײݡĹ÷žСĵĽʥײݡµСɫʯһȻСĵİá
õʥײݷ뻳У׵պúַųһɨһɽȷȷûб©ĶŲŲæ߳ɽ
ڳһ˲䣬ַҹһǽĴ˲٣ͬʱҲ٣ʼԼεľ
ϸһҹ֮٣΢΢Цһ£һ뵽ƬлðߣַҲڴ˶Ƭ̣
˿ɫѽӽʱˣһйʱýҹĻܳƬӣ֮󼪡
ַûлŶ˿ôϸһ£ȷ⸽ûð߳û󣬲´
Ƭһɱ¾ϣʥײݡĳ࣬æһЩħҲϵûҵʥײݡ֮ǰһѣҲϣǴ󺺵ûи϶һЩͬǣ˰ɡ
뵽ַĻԴϲҪСүôܵţԼǸϿ뿪ĺãһЩˣ׶༪ٰ
ַûٶ룬ǽ֮ͬõ£׼˿ջķһ·ȥ


16 
ʱַ֣ﶵһȦܿһЩðߺоյóӣһƬӣһջȥ
ȻַûջԶԶر·˰Χڿջſڣָָ㣬۷׷ס
еһ·һַӰӣϵСƣĶȥˣˣеĿջӶˣκ˽룡
ַһ㶣Ϸʲô£
ٺ٣ֻ֪֪һæòˣ㻹ǸϽȥְɣȻܾ͵óһٹˣ·ó·ַ󲽽ջֱ˳
ַһֻղɱˣæģַһٽţͻȻعַеַСӣһȥˣˣʰ㣬㻹ɶæ
รรˣˡַæһ̧ţ첽˽ȥʵϷʲô£ô˽еĿջӶˣǰǿջǼŮӵȥˡ
øϳȥˣѽͱܿ˵£ЩˣɱǳġݾƲȥ͸ˣ֮ϹҪȥ죡ͷҲص˵
ַҲ֪巢ʲô£ûжʣ̧ͷһǼݷоƣַ˾Ʒ¥Ͽȥ
ˣˣַһͷ⣬˷š
˭洫һе㲻͵
λү;Ʋ˵ġַɣӽе
ɣˣ˼˵
֨ѽһ죬ַƿţ˫̣װһЩ˺ƣ˽þƹôүȳζôүһ·ϣʵҪһ͵Ӿͽһƣ۷Ź⣬µ
ǣС͸ַһǰѾƺ˵ϡ
һƺһץҪﵹ
ţӣһֱĬԵһˣͻȻסƵľٶ
ôˣֵʵܳһλ˵Σʶͣ
ջԭλأûӵɻ󣬷ְĵϻվϾƵַʵ
ǣǣСջĻƣţԽһʡַæǰ˵
̧ͷȴûַĽ˵Ȼ
õģõģȻȻ棬Ѿַɫһ̧ͷ
ӣóַ̧˵һۣһ죬Ӻȵ
񣿡һ⻰ַ΢΢е㲻Īʲô˵İɣ챣ӣǧҵҲźð
磬㲻񾭹˹ɣ˾һƹݻƣʲôñȶԵģֹһӻȡһɫʵĻ
ֻǿɫһǣַɫ৵һȫˣвãʧ
ַӦ֮ʡñȶˣѲʵˣ˾Ҫ֮ˣڴʱŴ󿪣ɫӰԾһ⼲
Щ˵ַɫȻһ䣬ܿȻˣЩɬվˣԼϣѵô𣿡
ַһƳ֮£ֻ˶ۣߣһǸŮ˱¶òÿ˵İ۽ϺȻһ»֮Σҳϻеˡ
Ůӵָ߸߾һһĺƣֻм֮˵ϼʥ壬¹ӭӣ׼ǳδ˵֮ˣԵüӲ
ַһĵʥʲôôû˵ļҲûļ䰡ѵһҲ֪飿ѵǼ峤ϻǩŵ
ʱַҲ벻ôˣԼȻüдϵҵˣҲûʲô˵ˣҪˣʲôµģƳңӵܡ֣ҲᣬλմʥǼ٣Ӻδ
Ůַһ˵ɫһȵƳңûмʥص׿ϣǼ峤ҲûȨ˵㻹ֻһү
ַĵ𣬲Ƴң˵һһүΪҴ٣ƽܲ˰ҸףҲûԹңҼкˣһپҴСУ
ͻȻ֮䣬λζֻǰԱߣһʱӦˣں˵Ĵ£ȻڵϣֻǺֵϼ壬磬ʥʹߣ
ֻǺˣҲǾ̧ͷֵַʥʥ棬үӭ


17 ʹɱ
ַ˫һһЦȱ̸£λ˭һûˣǼ֮ˣҸõʶ
ڵϵǸӵϼרܼΧ֮£үûҲ֮УǷʥ֮ʥʹѰү䣡
ַ΢΢һԭСүһأڣڹһСүһûһȺá
Ůַһ˵ĵһүҲϤʥغߣһűҲһ̥磬ˣ
ʲôɱүԣ΢΢һӵվʱȴǰȻʥʹ֮ˡ粻ܴȻֻǹΧҲԱӵΪҪڼ٣ּܶӺ
ʥʹԣ΢΢һűǹһЦŮӵʥɱˣССô٣ɱֺ磿
ʱҲɱȴɱһ֮ˣ˵ʥظҲֻѰүû˵߱ɱү
Ů΢΢ЦҪɱɣ㲻Ҿɱⲻߡ
ʱַʵȥˣ䳰ȷλһǴİɣϵ˼ʱôûϢɱһүҪٽ֣֮ѵº⵽ӵı
Ů΢΢һЦȻһûлԪػķеҲû㻹춯֣
֣ߣЦ쳤ЦڣµҾʵʵ˵ˣо֪֮μϵǿְܻȨүɱˣǰȴɱү£
Ѿһַˬʵһϲ常ǷģүӻûȫԼﰡ
ŮкһĮ磬ʥʥ棬㵨ѷô
簺ȻѷߣҿʥʹѷŶԣʥϲû˵Ҫ߱ɱүһүȴְȨҪʹɱ֣⵹ǺѲĳ˻ʲôͼ
ʥʹͬʱŭڿڵã˿Ǿѷˣ
һ⻰ŭʥʹߣȻݸ߹󣬵ҲѪˣԼʵǸѷһΪأԼͷأĲ¡
ַȻԱһֱû˵˵ȴһ䶼ڶԼüޣֻܴⷽѰˣһԼˣʱӦÿ
ʱֻŮӵˣʥֺһɱӣ
ŮһӣԱߵʥʹߺͬʱ䣬ԾǷ˵ࡣ
˴һгҲͬʱֻʹʥʹЦһһһΣȻ׾ͽĹܿˡ
֪ȻʥʥʹܿĹԭý΢΢һ㣬һͬʱԵĶֱ۶ǰָʺ˹ֶξȻȫһ⿴ַһһġ
ۼʥʹóӰ˹һһ⣬Żһ֪гδݳԼ徹ȻڴʱͻȻ޹ڿն
һײ鿴֮ʱȴֻԼĲ֪ʱȴŮץס
级ȻѣһʱҲǴľȻȫҷˡ
һĻʥʹҲЦһϵظƣƳֲأںһ˾ʹ˲ܶˡ
ַһĻһаʧҺʥʹа廹Ϊʵˣû˼һҲӲסСүҪˣ
ꡫۼѲܶʥʹһ˿ݣͬʱ֣źХƷ磬ǰ¡
ۼʥʹ˺ݶȻ֮ͬҲ¶֣ɫһ󣬶ȻȵͣӳǲɱңȻʥʹȴûһ㣬ŵƣȻֱĶȥ
Σֻ÷ܾȫٵܣһ죬ǹ죬һ˲֮䣬ŮӹȻƻȭһȭں˵ϡ
һģŮһתΣָĺģͻȻһʳָȴѱ˼סˡ
˭ŮӴ֮£عֻһ۵Լʳָʱɫһ䣬е㲻ȷ
˴ڣסŮӵָһ̣ޱȣףһ˲Ϣˣַһۻҵ۾ôҲԼôֻգ۾Ͷ˸ˡ
ˣŮӣô磬Ȼ֮ͬ˶ҼӺ޼ɵΪΪͭ໤һУ֦ͬȻǼ͵ȵĻȱסȻܣ԰ӣ


18 ǿ
˵Щ󣬻һӣ½дɷĴ֣ŵүҽ֣ǾͲùˡ
ַӼ֪ǼƣҲֻмȨãȶˣԶ֪ӵͻҷˡ
ַͻȻֻ˵Ļ°ϲѣֻ·תôĿ죬жʥʹвѣֻ˳
ֻŮӵߣʥʥ棬ôѵ㵨ѷʥ
ӵŭһֻڼʥҵȺθɣ˵ʥҲû߱ɱүһȴǿҪɱүڻ˵ôʥʥ桯ҿ֮ˣŶԡ
Ůȴû磬ǿˣͻȻ֪֪˭ڹܵģ
˴صǴϡ
Ůӵأ
˵䣬ҼȻˣ͹ҹܡ
ŮӴŭˣ˭˵Թ£
ʥ˵ġ
ŮͻȻ˵ˡ
Уֶ˵Ｅ֮⣺ͻģֻҪ㰵лүؼңһǧҪүڰбУү·ϵһҪҲþ㣡
Ů죬ڶ˶ţãȻ˵Ҳûʲô˵ˣġүһ֮ܽؼ壡
ˣͷ֪ͺãУھȻ棬үʼүԺүעǵ̬ȣһԼҫأˣ
ߣȻãûǵˣǾ͸ˣүһ·İȫǻػģŮһӣʥʹͬʱ˳⡣
ַĿɿڴĿһУа壬١Լļ֪ĺްʲôʥصģļкûгֹϼ廹ذ
ˣʥʹߺĻعʮŽүһٽүȥүﻹʲôδ֮£뾡ɣպүȥڻ£뿪ˡ˵ЩһԾʧַǰ
˶ߺ󣬹Ķַ˵үúϢ£þ񣬵ȼŵĹһǾͻȥҵҪҲȳȥһ£кλ¹
˵꣬˱תæȥſʱƺЩ̫ģһ䡣
үûҪ£Ǳȥˣ̫࣬ҲһСģ⣬Ͳˣҿñջ

ַʵĴӦһ˸Կַһۺ΢΢ҡͷ󣬲ĵ˳ȥǵ̬
ַһַǳõϢһЦҡҡͷҲ߳ӣľɣԼͲ硣
ӣвͨˣϴȨ֮󣬾ԼܵĺҲǰ׷ѣԼӦôźðȻʱûΣˣԺ˵ˣѵֻܻؼҵ𣡡ַ̤һ˲䣬뵽
ַ˶߳ӺͻȻеۣһͷͷĴϺ˯Ȼûһǰ־ĸо
ϣֹˣ˷ˣȻǴ⣬Ҳǿɿڣһ˽ѳʣ˳ȥʱŲŲæ˽
ô˻үθڰɣүҪˣϢɣҵȻһֱſڵģ
˯һˣڿ˯ˣɣַԵú⡣
翴ַǹ΢΢ԥһ󣬽źַһЩҳ㻰һЩԼȤȤ£ģַҲȫȻԼڵľͺ˿ʼ˵Ц
һ졣
죬ַͻȻƿӣֻë޽ǳͣ˿ջǰ
޽ǳͨ屻ǣںڷݳҲǲĽޣһĽһͷͷ㼶ħޡ
ħޱȵĴڣͼħޣҲǴ󿪣Ҫѱǣޱȣɴʱȴħ֪һȨƼ塣
עⲻЩħޣڽ޳߿ϲţһšֵĴǺ죬ֽߣϻţȻ͸һ˵ɫʡ
죬ڴ½߶ֶ֪壬һҪ˱ء


19 
ǰĽ޳һʮͷͷϣݣֲΪͣƺҲϤֱַ̤ڵȥ
վַԱߵһˣ̹ǰʩһ
˼ôԴˣ
ߣһһİɫүؼ;Уκ⣬ʱ·ϲ̫ƽҪǿͣϻ˵Ӧþү˰ɣ
ǵģǼĴүǾ·϶ӦˡæǰͷɫЩͷĴȡĴصĵ˹ȥ
˵ӣɫЩүҵȻҪȫԲһЩĵˣʱ䲻ˣǸϽ·ɡ
һټջϰһ棬Ⱥһ£ַЩһֱû˰ɣ
ƽʱջеһ˶һԼȻǿջƣȴǽԼ׶һԴҪˣô˵ҲӦüһɣ
ַ˵仰ȫȻûͷɫ̧ž߳⣬󣬼ղˣӻæµͣﲻ΢΢һᡣ
ԥһַ̧˽ȥ˵ӻɣַߵǰӹеĲ
ȴûжַСеˣַ֪ˣַӹеĲ󣬵Ҫ𣿡
ַӲ΢΢һ٣ǽЦҵӦ֪˰ɣôˣҲеˡ
ַһ˵ʱ̾ΪôΪʲôǰҹݣҵĴүô
ַüףش𣬹Ƭ̣ʵкȻžӨˮϽ࿪ͷҺĿԡ
̾ӵôһӣ㾹ȻҵĴүҵĺǲˣʶһҲˣ߰գԺֻҪǵôˡ
ַеĲкվֵģһʱģңף︣念˳졣˵ˣַæסڣ￴ʲô
˵һЩ֮УڲıƲϣ֮ͨңӻ֮һҲҪСˡ
֪һСĵģ㣬ߺҪǵưһӪһƹݣۻӾͲˡַ˵ͷ
ˣҲˣߺҲʹְˣҸ徲֮°̾Ϣһ
ţҲãסȥԺôҵ㣿˵ַԼҲûգûл
ܼǵôˣԺԵܻҪûԵǺǣЦһȴǲˡ
ַﲻԼһʱҲ֪˵ôãƬ̣ܳ˳΢ӹӳ̴֮ڿˡ
ַȴûлͷֱջĽ޳ϣʮ⣬һ빪ӭԼˡ
ַһ޳ҲϳԸ˼䣬ֻһŵ˹ʳ˳棬׼һ·ʳˡ
ַһ޳ֻ漫ǿⱦŲո˸ط¡
֨ѽһһƿһòŮһ׻Ƥ㣬һۣ˵үҷ㻻¡
ַһᣬԼٿĹģ˵⻹ǵһܵı˷̰ɣҲпһˣܱܲסԼ˵ʵַлûף
һ뵽⣬ַȻˣòŮť´ȡӣͷҲûع
ͻȻһζַع֪Ѿʼˣ̾˿󣬱͵͵Ĵų
ڿռܴ󣬻ڳУһӰڷ룬ѩƤëʶǰ棬һ̴رζǰһСͭл
һƨȥܵµַĵ˵ͷˣǶܰ
ǣʣȴҪʰԼôܵˣַое㲻ѹ֡
һ»ǸɫƤַ¶һ˿Ц̾Ϣһӻû˼
ƿããĽɫɳĮеһʱȫޣֻʣǵİַֻ֮ñۼ£ȴԼ˵ĵ


20 
޽ǳɳǳһ·ɱ·;ûͣٹһᣬշת˼ü̵ĵط
ڵʮհʱָϵһ޵ĳ
޳ӣĴһ·Ƶ߹Լ·̻нһµʱ䣬ҸطˣЩˡ
ֵߵĸ̵ֺ꣬ŻĹ岻н֮ϣŰӵӶ
ֵȴַһҲ᲻
ȻƽĽɧַǸе֮ʣϸһǰ洫˴ĺͳЦ
ЩåӶһû֪۸Сӣ
С㣬ЩӶǻɱ˵ģʱҲǰ
ޣǱӷˣǻŲ
ַ⣬üͷ΢壬һʥˣ·ƽεľٶ￴ǵԼûΣյ²ġ
Լӣѱˣȥ£еˣĺ滹еģַǽԴ⿴һ
ɾһַۣ΢΢һ£Ŀ͸Ⱥķ϶ǾڵϵСӰڡ
һ·ޱȣķɫȴǺַһģַ֮Լҳߣ˽ͷ龰
СǰһӶ󺺣ŵĴЦţȭŴֱĴϣܵ˴ϵСȴûзһǿĽͷס
Χ۵ȺǿϵСȻֲ̣ǲûг龭ǿľˡ
ˣԼǰɣһЩԼҲòˣ˴λȥԼҲããַ뵽򿪳ţȴڳ⣬ַ˼䣬Ȼӻȡһݸ硣
΢΢ͷ½޳һת΢ʧ
⡫ǴӶЦźݺݵĻ¾ȭȭͷСƷ֮һЦȻֹ
һֻİֻ޴ȭͷ֮ϣǹȫӶ˳ֵֻȥһźµˣǿ׳ǣԼҲ˶١
𣿡ǰӳдôӶвķһ˿־塣
ӶһڿˮһЩɿݵĺҪʲôѵ֪˭ĵ𣿡
緭˷ƤûΪ˵Ļƣɱ䣺Լ
ӶƤһ飬ŭֳϵĸͷЦΪֹӻû˸ô˵
˵ˣֱ̧ţͽӶ߷˳ȥȻСϵİ࣬Ľַڵĳ
ܵĶС˷ӳ̧СԴ磬зһ˿Ц뱯ҪůĻ
ַСͫĳЦͱսڣ˫ֻһһ̾һԼһˣ
СҪԾַĳڵ磬ȻоһӰ߱΢ƣӶӴһͶȥ
ӰŵĽӹסκȴλŮ̴ӣַܵǰסǸԲүýСŽ޳У
Ͳµˣе͵ǣȻ׵ģַε̾Ϣһ˻֣ʾ뿪ת복ڡ
һ󣬳ƿȴŮȥлһˮ˽˵үҹЩʲôԸ
ǮǺð°ǿԼȫҵˣЩܶԼҲǶˣַЦһ£ߵŮ̴ӵȥϴ裬ϼõ·
ǣүС̴ӳȥԺַһӦԼϣõһ°ɣӣʼ磬ַĿ
֪˶ãῪһմްӰ˽
ַ΢΢ۣӰЩͣ﷢һĸ̾ؤʵۣѵģ
ī˳ɢС֮ϣµС֮ϣɫͫףټһϮɫƤµĳУԳһֱµУȻСȴ߱ԻŮ˸еһС
⻹ԼǰǸСƨ𣿡ܵСԼַɿһǰȥʵʲô֣
СĮĿַһۣɫ˫ͫϵƤ֮ϣ
ôק֣Լģַ˷ۣõôĴԼ붼롣
һСȴûлشַʡ
ȣðɣļĶڻЩҿȥǺɫ֮ͫ£ַеУѡЭٴʵ
ûмңУҲѾˣĮƽ˵м𣿻ܺȡϵ𣿡
ûУҪУһ𣡡Ǳԣַڿ׳һ


21 ǿС
㡭ˣַǰܵջ⣬ԼоҲһЩ׳ղ£ΪСӵȥղѡ
ôŪĵطȥūЩ޳ܵĹ壿ǻһĻȡ
ַüͷһе㲻ΪʲôҪô룿
мƲƲ죬Цѵ㲻ôģ
ַһ΢䣺ǿкһϣһú˵һ仰
Ǻǣ㻹Ǳ˵ˣĻҿɳܲ𡣡һЦС֮ϵ飬ͲһСӦеģԹԵԱߡ
Сƨô˵ݺģСүˣҪ͸ַЩͷ۵öͷ˽
үʲôԸ𣿡󣬹ʵ
ţ㿴ܲܽС֮Уַ°ͣʵ
ղţұСӵʱ򣬴ϸо˻ĲȻСûп׶ΣӦһлˣڸ嶼ڼСӣ壬Ӧûʲô⡣΢΢һ˼ԥ
ţ˾ͺãûˣȥɣַתķԸ
ǣүһ˳ȥ
ַЦһùһˮݸʵӦúܾûԶ˰ɣһ¶ӰɣӦûῪˣСƨʵҲһˣ԰ɡ
˵ַ꣬Щį
ӵĻĮС֮ϣС΢΢ַϵˮ
ʱȻţַʼڱĿĳеˮҲַӣС۾Ҳ
Ľ޳֮УѻȸֻǴӽֵʱʱߺţ˲úһ潫մơ
ү˵͵¥һ£ٸ·һү˼ڳѾ쵽¥ſˡ
һʲôɣͰ˼ɣַޱĻ˻֣ɱĿֻ΢΢һ¡
Լ˼ߣǿԼһȽҵķϰɣŹ΢΢ѰɣͷľԼҪŪʲôһ·Լ¶úùˣַﰵԳ
ү¥ˡ͵͵ӳŴ£˼еַ˹һ˷Ƥƿǣ˳ȥ
յľ¥ſûһߣһЩľֻԼǰӴĳˣַޱһӴĴţ˻֣ǽȥɣ
˵ͷַˣһۺ󣬱̧ȥſڵļæȼǰȥڵַƿ
벻ϣЩ˻ýԼүˣſڵʿѾӵϢΪ˼ϣòɣЩʿľٶַûʲô룬ĴǰһʿǰιǣǰĻ˽ȥ
սţһάʹԶѸٴǺǣү¥Ѿˣھ¥Ϣ˷ȥ
ַЦĿЦǰֻһûүҪ£һоͰ˼ҪɣͲعˡ
ǺǣүǫˣСôԽ޴ңһлүΪĺãάЦȥ൱ˣάĻ˭رǱԼλ߳˵Ĺά֮С
˵Ц̸ΧһЩǳʶȤ˿ȥ
ޣϲģ㲻Խ޴ңһ٣߱ĶУ㻹ʲôҵģַ֣۾ȴǻһΧɫ
һᾰɫǺܹԼԼ˵ַüͷ΢壬֪ͷʲô⣬ֻЦǺǣȻˣǾ鷳ǰȥԷɣҲ¥ˣ
ַЦĸ˵꣬Ӧǡְַͷ췴ĺܣҲ벻Ȼҡҡͷɿǣ¥
ȴǿַָǿסַ֣ôҲϷſַΣֻ÷Ըһվ̽¥
߽䣬һ¥Ʊŷַڴ̧̧ƤԼԱߵˣѾˣȳ԰ɡ
̧Сǿ̧ͷֲҵ˭ΪʲôҪģԾͳԣԾͲԣ˭ܹң
Сһҿ˾ĲһУЩζطҲˣϣ׷ʲôַûе㲻ʵ
֪Ŀַ
ţַ۾°͵˵ͷ
Ҿ͸㣬˵߰ҵĺõ塢ˣҺõˣͷúñĮ˵
СһȻˣڿҿˣǴдڰַЩεĿЦ
ߣʲôû˸ĸޱģ˵
СһѾˣúúˣܵǺַ̲סĴһ鲻Խ
ΪʲôҪңкܶ಻ҵˣֻеһΪʲôѡңһᣬĵૡ
ַ΢΢һЦ´ֽ̣ī˿º͵Ҫ˵Ҳ֪Ϊʲô㣬𣿻һԵݰɣˣ˶ҪˣȥԷɣ
Եݣ˾䣬΢΢һ£С˵㣬Գ
ԷӣַЩɬҲЩЦԼѾͷˣȴǻ˺
УԭôеཻһҲ˵һĵĻһЩˣҴһ棬ȴ㾡ܵȥ뵽ַ̾˿վߵ˷ӵĴ̨ߣƿ˴ӡ
ʱ¥ĴϣͻȻһ޵ԶԽԽַ΢΢һ񣬰ĿƮ˽档


22 
һԽԽվ¥̨ϵַѾܿʮŸɫ޵ˣӴֵһͷ
Ϊ׵һһŮеüĿ޳Ӣ꣬ŮϺװͷɫ޷使ݡ
գۼ䣬ЩĽ޵ˣԽ˰¥ǰַǰ˹ȥҾ¥Զһոǰͣ
ԭվǰľ´󺺣һλӭȥΪ׵ŮĳƺС㡢ӣǻˣջΣ
仢ѽǣߣٰЩҰζһ¡װŮӴ˵ְͷϵĶժȻӽһԾ¡
ǵģС㣡仢ĺƺҶ࿴ŮݣæӹլԺƫȥ
ȻոЩ룬ַ¥ϣԴӲѴŮݿ֣һǾӨѩļֱͦСɵǣں۾˵Ӵյȥﰡ
ǽһĻȴַĿֻ࣬װŮͷ΢΢һƮԴһ£պַȫ˴Ůȫò
ַе۾һĿ罣ȺǰŮӡһɫΣɫ˿ʱȴûǸ˵顣
ַ΢ƣǻһЦݣ૵һμˣ֪ǸûһǿɻǵǸɳǴ֮ϣϱ̤ڽµؤٺ٣Σ͵Сүҵıɣ
ӢŮ˽ޣҲæŮʱҲ׷Ծ˽ޣȻҲҲѽ˹ȥ
΢ЦߵŮǰ˵˼ʲôλŮһƬ糺죬ᴷͷ£ɬİ꼸ۣһ壬һСܵĽ˴ţꡰǺǡһЦ󣬷˽ȥ
쵰˭ŮҳҲַòԼȻǲ˵㣬ַ֪֮еġ
ַ˶Ѿȥ˴ӣͷ΢΢˼һ󣬼ڲĳŷˣ򿪷˳ȥ
¥£һԱƵƷСƣַ㾶ֱ˹ȥһӱ
һ̧ԼǰַæվʵүôˣСĸʧ񣬻£
ַһϣССĺһڣ΢Цû£İɣˣôôֻһˣˣ
ַ⣬ûбֳ飬ºЦȥݷóˣӦúܿͻˣôүʲô𣿡
û£еȥһ£ַҡҡͷͷһЦͷڸãСүǸͷ谭Լˡ
үʲô£ܷԸͺˣСһǣص
ãٺ٣˵ͷеһַǻһЦݣʾ罫ͷȻַ֪ҪʲôĽԴ˹
ַСĶߵ˼ϵɻҲˣһ¶һֹ顣
ַ˵󣬱µ¥ص˷䣬ЦĿַıӰһۺ󣬷¾Ʊת˾¥
ַصλŮʱʱĸԺôҲ޷ȫɢȥ
ѵԼϲŮˣַЩȻ
ַҰοһ£һƯŮӣԼҲǺ£һϲ˵ϴǻԼһ£ԼҲĿ
ȻºˣַҲٺ˼ˣʵڷڱĿ񣬵źԼĴ𰸡
ҹʱ֣绹ûԼ𸴣ַ˸ǷѾ˯˵ͻȻҲú
ȵĸʱַ֣ͻȻ˯лûعһʾҪ˵
ŷ罫ַڱϣһ·߱ڣûŽֵ˷ǣԾǺӺ󣬷ϳǽµ
ȥǣҹѵַ΢΢еɻĿ
ү㲻˵ҪȥŮôѾǿסˣھʹȥ˵һ굽ûҵ
ǣ罫ַش
ַû˵ˣһ縺ڳһ޴ӪͣӪΧһӶӵ߾ٻѣѲߣزηܡ


23 ·ת
ָ㣬ַҪŪ죬㸺ַӪʣһѲ߿յԾӪʡ
һ޴Ӫʣ֪Ӫأֻһ͵Ӫְεضصֻ²ʮû룬ΪԼȻơ
ַ䣬ͻȻүҪ˹˽ȥ°ŮӣûʾˣǲҪֵĺá
ǹƨЩвôðȻ룬ַĻһӪǣһغӡ
ֻһӰԶĸӰʮ˽һƣʾûº󣬱˹ȥ
ʮνýݣȻ书ʮӰѾʧүǿߣƬ̣˻Ѳ
ַһƣɵõӣҪ˷ˣʲôΣհɣ
ᣬ𷣰ˣٴ󵨣ҲҶү㲻ġЦĽ͵
Ŷͺãһ⻰ַԼȻ˿ȴ뵽еԲסˣ治֪ԼҪǰԼŮӣǶǴ
Լܳߣû˯ҲͰˣڻĵĺ磬⵽˭˭֪鷳治֪Լ᲻ʩⱨƻˡ
縺ַٴƮ˼ͻȻּĸӰԶǰ˹ַ΢΢һǴӹȴͻȻڵӪʡ
ʮҲ΢΢һ˵Ӫʡ֣һȴæ³ȻƹûѲ˹ȥ
ͻַһҲ벻˾ȻһģԶַĲͣһģС·ȥһŮˣүԼȥɡ
㲻ȥ𣿡羹ȻԼһ˶ַЩǲʶԼүҪǽԼɴ̿ͣҵҽˣǿԹˡ
ٺ٣үõģҾû£ȥɣַ˰֣еЦүҲ̫Сİɡ
û£ǵ飬ַһĳָС·ȥǸ߽С·ʮȻѵԼǰΧ߼Ĵʯɣʵ쳣ֻжŸһƤ
ֱһľһȻ󶤺һŮӾ棬ַ˿סϴդţֻʵء
Ѿţַո̤룬ͻȻһӰϷ֡ġһʵʵַϣͬʱŭԭ벻ңô
ͻȻַǰӰʵᣬַ⣬յʱ
ַĿɿڴĿվԼǰŮӣôҲ벻ôһ£ѵһµ
ѵ֪Լһô
ΪʲôûнסĹ
ҵﰡС椿һ߰
վԼǰĴŮӣ۾ҧ̺ϣûаЦݣ澹ˡ
ŭĿַŮͻȻȵǲǲϴεĿԵĻȻҰѱС°ط
ַﱾںߺߣһɱĻŮӶ񶾵һ棬֪ŵ˵ŮĳҲݶˣҲ߲ˡ
ʱԼӦȻԸ񣬻пܰԼˣʮƣΪϣһַͻȻһתͻȻָŮӵôû·
ͻȻַһУŮҲǾһȻæͷԼϿȥ
ʱܣʱַǰѳ̵ľʹˣŮӵͷһ˲䣬˸ʮȵĴתȻǰνžܡ
ַŸܳţǴһӴѽ顭֮һ鿩ˡ׹ص
ַ˰Σ̲סеĺ棬ͣع̧һƣֻʱŮӾȻѾ˵ϣͼվδ
ַű˻񲢲ԼǰͲף羹Ȼ֪Լһ٣Ϊʲô¦ӡ
ԭһֻԼŮˣԼһƣҲǺľеŴİɣȻʵҪִԼһƾԽԼˡ
΢ЦַŮӵߣбۿȴɫڴü֣Ǿ֣ߣżֱ֮ɫ
쵰ҪٸҿҾҪÿŮӼַʱŭֱ̧㽫ַȴֻġһȻַסˡ
ŮλȻ죬ʵڲô෴ַûеĸоֱʱЦС椣㶼زˣôƢȰ㣬Ժ󣬻ǶЩĺãٺ٣


24 ϷŮ
⻰ŮӼζ֣Լ̧֣һ룬ҲˣڻҲһҲòˣ޷ʩֻ߷ߵĵⱰ޳ܵļһ÷ңȻԺһҪÿ
ţҵȻţַĵشЦһȴͻȻЦڷ֮ǰ֮ǲҪһˣ
ͻȻַŮӣһ顯һŮӵԶԶ˴ϡ
ַٶŮ䣬Ӳʧ㣬Ҫʲôң
ַЦ㣬ٺ٣֪ܣֺαػ˷ѿ࣬ŵڴϷӰɣ
㡭ʲô쵰ңȻһ㲻ú㡭ַһԼŮӶʱ
ַһЦȥĽкߵǰڴϵЩ˿ÿ࣬ү۾ٴμ㣬ǰҵ֣ҿҹҹϡ
δַ꣬ͻȻŮһӰһŮһϵɴַС
ʱһƬļǰ͹µĽչַǰŮӵһ£ֻĴУַһ
ͬʱַͻȻһҲǾŮӷͬСɣȴȻʧɫŭȵ㡭ޣòҪһȻһ
Ů¶ģַЦϵɴ״Ӵվɴ۾ѽôôˣһ·㾹˽ȻͲÿʼ˵ˡ
ʱɫŮӵ۾ð˻ãܺã;ҰɣֻҪҲһ㲻ݡ
Ҳݣַϵɴ΢Цöãܿܺܿ죬ʵԸˣ
Ůƴҧ˻㵽ô
ôַЦȻԹԹг𱨳ˣǰƣŶϽһƣǾƣҼţǼţҲˣŰɣģǸŮ˷ϣҲϢģ
ŮӾ㡭ңһŹģ
ַ˴֣ٺЦҡҡǰڻûбү¡
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ģһǵģҵһδŮˡַЦ˶ʲô¼ԶôãΨͼԱ˵ĵһΣˣٺ١
ַЦȴĻŮĺޣƴסΪ֪ԼԽǱԽģȻѲ˳ǿţ죬Ĵܹί
ŮȻᣬȴǺݺݵԼַӵôҲŸմһƾͿˣ˵ʱѵû˵ĸô
ң㡭һַ˵⻰ŮҲһѾͷʱû˵ĸܡ
ңʲôӣֻ֪Լˣģ޵ôѿѿүĶˣַƵͷһӣ¾Ů˿ˡ
Ůӣ૵Ѿһˣƣţôȥ˵ôأַ¶һ޴ģŮӣַô飬ŮӶʱ㡭ȥɣˣʲôҲˣ
ȥţ⵹Ǹð취ٺ٣ַǼΪϿɵգգ۾ǽһᣬͻȻЦһõİ취
һַ꣬۾ɫŮӵ۾ͷɽһᣬ̧ͷţ㣬Լƺ
ŮĶ㡭ô
ַһЦ֪ˣôļʲô
ŮӴ󾪽еħңһɱģҡ
ҡ֡³ַס°ͣסǽε㴽
Ů汾ǳַĻӲľ˻ȥַ£üչ
ŮȻӦַ糺һƬ漴ʲôͻȻüʱ䲼˺˪Ȼ֪ͻȻһѾƿַ쵰һú
ŮһַҲ΢΢һʶջ˫֣ɿ˴ŮŮһַſԼæһŴ͹µĽַվ
һĻַһŮôͻȻܶˣǽ񲻾Լĺյͷӭʮ˲


25 ֮
ŮӵһֱϡһǴϵʲôƣʹĻʧɫһΣٴεַػڡ
ַе۾һֵٶһһҪɱ㡭һҪɱ㡭Ȼɱ
ַ֣оһۣǽžʹЦǰһģҲᶯˣô߰ŮˣﻹǸʲϣҡ
˵˶ʱַŮô׵ŮˣҲҪȢС椣ǲ浹˰˱ùˡ
쵰˵СȥɣŮͻȻ֪òһʲô壬ַݺ
ʲôַֽӹӹĶһöˣֻ棬ż֣֣㽫ⶫңͶɣ
ַüŪ۵Ȼﶼˣ㲻氮˰ɣ
㣬㡭˻еɱҰɣɱңһҪҪò
ۿôַЦǰɴתϣȴͻȻڲŷ֣ӣҲÿģˡ
˵ַתţȻľˡ
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ÿǣһҵģݺŭַȻԳ֣
ð㵽ҵ˵ɣΣַȴЦﳤȥƶûһۣԶ̲סʹ
ͷַıӰͻȻıӰܹµįһֺˣѵʲôԵ¡
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¼ַЦݻεð۾ĺòãЩ֣Լ쵰һôЦôÿˡ
ȫһҲǳָܲܽҵĹߣڵ֪ԼΪʲôҪô
ַű㵭ЦǺǣ㹦ָߣҿǱˣʱһø㿦ˣҾԩˣ
ַٺһЦûصϧһƬ䣬һʱɱԼˣôΣյ£˭ȥɣ
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쵰߰ɣһҵġ޺ַ
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үǼĻ߰ɡΪ׵Ķӳһӣǰ۵ǿӣĻȻȴԡ
ӶԼĶӻͦصİ쵽ſˣȻô֣ԽַԽǲ
ʲôĻľǰ׳ˣݣǰҪԼ𣬶ԸԼ˻ǿȻǻô˱Լ
үֻܻˣһ·ϣСˣߵַǰ
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ǵģүյЩǼڲˣȻǽˣЩΧԱȻҪ˳ˣ˵
һ䣬΢ЦүڶŮӳͷɣŮӵļҲǴһ붯ʮˣŽŮӷ²ģ
ļ廹ǲ򵥰ĲһˣˣŮͻȥɡַ֣ļ
ַתͷӵؿ˿ֿǰһۣˣҪĻ뷨סԼ˵
ЩַȻϿϺʵѾˣʵȷһֱ֮
ҲʹĳֿɱֿЦľУʹ˸ûСȫûѡأֻˣԶġ
ַǡǡһˣһƽ˲ɱҲɳܣѵԼһ֪㲻Ӧ֪飬ҪԸ
ַѧͣ澳ѧܣֻҪһ˿ػᣬԼҲһץסġ
뵽⣬ַعһһҧ켸ߵǰ۾գգֳһҵŮˣѸκң´μ棬һţ͵Ȣɣ


26 
˵䣬ûзӦ֮ʣַͷҲصܳ⣬һӣ߰ɣ
ʱַѾԶˣĿַӰȻѾع񣬵Ȼôѡ
ҪȢңһһÿֶǧʯԼͷѣôҲ벻ͨһﾹȻҪȢһ֮ǣʱ뵽ŮˣһĪԴɡ
˵˵ȢȢôôһҲԼעôٺ٣ҪñС㣬ȻҪԱ֮裡ǻһĻȣַӰݵ뵽
Ȼڵַȴǲ֪뷨ˣ䣬˼
ַȥԼԭȵķҵŴҡڵضϽ޳޳ǣֱڵǳǱ۶ȥˡ
һ·ϣͣͣģȻ;ַ²һһЩɱ¼ҲоյĶ˹ȥ
˸ںǳǻһ·ʱͷĶӳͣתϳڳַү׼һ£ҪҪʥгʥˡ
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үˣһͻأַ̧ͷȥֻǶӳƿ˽
ַһۺ󣬲ɰҡͷͬʱ֣صүոմңֱӴȥá
ȥãַ΢΢һÿΪׯϣʥĵطѵҪԼˣ
ַվһ΢һתͷС۾Լ˵ӡ
ԴȻҲ֪ΪʲôôķףǷŭʼɣޣįκһָо㹻һĥȥǿԶҲܼˣ֮ǰϣܿ˼ҲõģҾǰĻߺ޵ˣԶõģ𣿡
Цһ£ЦŲزסıСָų֣ߣΪҲֻͨ˵ҪˣѣǾô򵥵ԸҶûʸʵ֣
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ַ̾һЩɬû뵽ӣȻôʹľ˫Сץסů紺һĽǿŸɿݣ飺˵ģҲѵģֻҪβҾĵһˡ
˵仰ַһת˳ȥ
һˡ򵥵ļ֣ǿװĮ֧飬ССıݽҧ촽Өˮ˫ͫȻ¡
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ˣҡҲǣַƿʱ߳ȥرӰСϣһ˿Цݸ֡
ʱ𣿡ַеҪһ㡣
үҽȥɡӳ֣ѵȻ֪ʲôֶΣʥӭһλ棬үɵüסʥƢǹ죬˳ۣܺã㲻˳ۡ˵ɱܾɱ㣬ǿɲʲôģǧһ㲻ĵط
ַͷ֪һĻ֪ʲôǸ߸ϵĴڣûĸȥǡ
ַҲʱ򣬳ðӶӳػƲʲôʥ֮ˣӦϲŭ޳֣еȨܱȼҪ󣬺ܿܺԵɵؾɱˣӦˣѵģʱ򡭡ɱˣ֪ʲôԭ±ɱ
ӳַһۣɰ̾ϺʥгʲôϵϳҪأп˵ػᶼɱ㡣
߰ɡӳǰ棬ַæϣȥ
һ󣬲һŴŹǰĲʣһΪϺɫī񣬸ߵſڣһɺ̹ǵϢӹлð
˿ΥΪӳѹ˵
ַ֪˵
ַڶӳش˴̨ף˴ڲַڶֱ̧ͷȥΨŭλʥ档
ʱǸսжӳȴǹݼʥ棡
壬ݼ棡ַҲæôûõʥ̧ͷĿӣַһãҲӴַġ
ϸ˵õֱӼ棬ҲǺð飬ַСڴϣ˿Ȼ
ʱүүһ˵𡣡ˣǱǰϵɱģֱɱģμӣҾ뱨Ҳ޴ְүүһΪ羱𰡣


27 ı
ַһһһȣԵʥس˾ȻǴϵүүôܣϣԼʲôʱɱˣģɱСүңҲҸĽڰɣڴʲô⣿
壬ǧҪ˵ʥ˵ˣɱ֮£ֹֻ˼δ󳤶ɱһʱ޿κ˵ģֻʥ֮ɱ㣬ģһ뾡һа취ģַɹţĬĬ常׶ԼĴ档
֮Сеģ˾ˣֻܹãʲôһϷһϵġ
ַһ漴˿ʥس˹ȻѪ飬ﱻɱϢȻ˵޶ԡ
үүϼˡ
Ȼʥүүʥ˵ĹŰ塢Į֪ģ¼ʹӣҲж롣
үү룬羿ﰡûʥ֮ǰʱˣˣʱǶôĿɰȻȴǳһʬǣѵ˾飿ϼе
졣ʥеüͷһ壬ͺȵ
ϵҿһĬĬ˼һƬžʥŵ˵ŵĿ壬̧ͷɣ
쳹ַæ̧ͷַʱŷ֣ùڲܿտҲûУַĿ˳̨׳Ϸ죬ֱеʥ档
ʥеһŰɫ۵İ׷ͷǰɫصĻƣһ˫·һ׵ֱַࡣ
ţûһһķˣʥȤؿַĺ˾ȣôһ£ȻôˣҶˣҳԾҵĿһԼҲûʲôãֱɱΡ
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ôԭЦŵݶȻĿɨĸףΪĿһɨĸֻеһ
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常׵ĻʥгҲһ˵ˣһĮԸΪĺʹüʹ˼ʧȥʲô𣿡
֪ҵУûʲôҵĺӸҪˣҾʹҵĺȫĸ׳
ĸ׵Ļ涢ַãſڵ⣬û𣿡
ĸЩ֣֪ΪʲôͻȻǵͷҾôһӣһķˣԶҲġ
ʥЦˣЦúܹ죬һᣬ΢ЦãȻԸΪĺӣô࣬ҾʹӦˡ
ĸһæݵڵصллллȫ
ȵȣȱæİлҵĻû˵ˡʥͻȻЦȻüƾĺӵ㣬ӣ
档ĸ׼еôҺ
ס졣ڱϵʥһӣĸ׶ʱһѹѹȵ˵˵ôô죬壬֮߱ɢǣִУ丸˼ʹȨλڴϣˣ¾͵ΪֹҲϣʲô䶯ˡ
ĸһ˲䣬ˣ
ǡˣһжһȦףƺõģһеһУֻΪƣǺñɣĸͷʥһմմϲĴϣŭ
֮ŭˣ֮ȥǰɫۡɫǾȻɢϢĸ׸е
ʱַҲǿڱ֮ϵʥվһԵĴϣҲ̺ţ϶һУȻΪֲãһֱԴϵ׷ɱԼоգԭĿģ
ߣ㾹ȻѾʹãͲǼھûʸվ˵ˡʥ浭Į
ַȻǰ


28 ʥ
ǫ̂ˣվŵʮ֮һȻȵﲻվĵط˺󣡡
ַվ׿ʥ棺棬ȻҲ֪ʲôȴ֪һжҶ𣬲ҲΪԼдھȻҪͷֱӳͷҺˣ뽫Ҹ׵ļƣɱңһһ˵ǣҸףɣҪɱַ̧ͷֱʥ档
ĸһϣҲ㵵ؿַ
ܺáһʥ浭Įַ
䣡
µѹɢַһΪѹȵءžһ˶õϡ
ַ˫ֳŵأǿֱɰ׿ʥ档
ˢ
ĸߣζȻƵַǰ׿ʥ档棬ֻһӣαغһʶ˵Ѿ˴𣡡
壡ߴȵ㷢ˣһһֵ۶ûУһʹãûջصĿܣҲǰڣ侲㣡
ףѵǾ𣿡ַߣһ䡰סַһֱеĵһˡ
ס죬㲻Ҫ˵ϳѵü֮λʥسǸϲҲѵõеļⶼǾƵģǲܷˣѳ޷ıʵڵóͷϣܲȡĴߴȵ
ַţҲֳֻ֪ܱĬҪϻ쵰ĻɢԼǣԼԺĳΪһˣԼҲܲ˵ġ
档ַٴι棬뿴ڼƵطϣȡҺĴһˣٻɢǣһ¾ͻˣ棬һҵĺ
Цʲô˵衭ߣǰҿῴһۣĮ˵ʱͣһϣ䡰ߡһ
ַͬʱ̧ͷȥ
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һ𡣡ʥеĵλ
ʥһЩ˿֪ܲϼļ֪һģϼϵκһϵм̳м֮λʸÿһμ֮󣬾ͻʥء
˵ʥЩ棬ǴǰĳʱڵļʥһôҪڣͲ֪ˣɴҲԿһ㣬ʥˣһ۷ף
һӵϵĴڣҲ⣬صĴڡ
ʥеЩ棬ڸ̫ãĻͬûĻϵһǲֵģֻеپʱ򣬻½˲õĴ£ʥ˲Ż
ڴϵүүⱾ߸еһ˼飬ˣλղŵ˼˲ΪԼļųʥء
ȫλ澹ȻʥأʥأǺεݣԼʲôһЦ飡
߻ǼеҺ
ס졣ϵʥ浭Į߶ʱһαһѹѹȵ˵˵Բı䣬壬ɢǣʱִС
Ȼʱ򡭡¡¡
ôһ𶯣ҫأһصֻۣɫϿۣɫȻǺڰԪ֮
ƾۺڰԪ֮ʲôֶΣ
ڰ֮ôĸ߿ֱһΪһʮ׸ߵĺɫ
һɿµѹɢ
磡ʥɫ䣬æӱվĹ
ɫճڸ߿գ·ַеԼҪϢˣַеǳĲܣַ֪ǷǳʱڣԼ˵
үүϵһϵعһ۱ϳǴǰ۰Ĵүү
ɫԴ¶һ˿Ц⣬漴Ǳͫɨһʥ棺ܣչʥؿʱʥʹҲֻһʱ䣬ʥأȴѾⶺգһ˼֮¡Υڣ֪㶼Щʲô𣡡
ǵأ磬ʲôμԶģҲû˿ǿȣǻʥҲ˵ʥ˵
ɫȻ˵˾ͺãʥѡ㣬ҳΪʹӦʹؾ򡭡⣬ҿ԰ʥһ飬²Ϊ㼱ĶȻѵˣϻʥذɣʥ֮ѿҪرˣ
лѣһϸϻȥġʥӦ
Ϊ֮ɡɫ˵ɫȻɢӴĺڰԪ֮Ȼƺδֹƾʧô֮С


29 թ
ʥ湧վǣɺڰԪ֮ȫɢֱ̾һΪȡŪôһ£治֪ǶǴ
ʥعͷĿַһۣţ͵ͳʥлͬħһ㣬˻ҪԶһ㡣
ַʶģҲʮֵ
ãǡ䡯֪һʥΪǱ׵ĸܲģԸʹִУǽ߾ȫ
޼£ܺ˾ҡҡλš顱һȴַϡ
ǿĴ֮£ַܿ²֪ˣڻ֮ǰԼĿ߿ԼУŨŨĴȰΡ
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ףַ֮ǰͳһ˿ɳƵĸж˵һ仰
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ˣҲˣʱˣҲûȥʥˣһµļԺʥطǳõĶ㱣ܺˣɵұȡˣʥа׹һһӡУݽϺȻߵǿպúҪȥ
үүȥϲ̵Ľӹⷽӡæͣ͵ſʱʥһӣæֹʥʱͻȻһշȥ
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Ժ֮Уַ˻֮ǰһУһ£˸սͷ˼֣æľ״
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סе˷֮飬ַʹԼָЩŷѾĴУϸ죬
ԼһԼĪɼһʯݣǽڶһֲڵĴʯҲǴʯ̳ɣǽżİ׹ǣԼǵһˣŵľǸʴسùʹַ΢΢üͷ
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ַٵذǲƤȻֽ´ƤЦҺСү¶һֵϰߣҪȻοҪˣ
ַһһڰĽУϸһᣬȷû˺󣬱㻺ĳƤ
ֻƤŸմһСڣ͸һ׹һ˵㣬ƤĿȫ򿪺ַǰѾһƬɫ
׹˸һ¶ڷһþӨСЬǰðΣյġʥײݡ
ַָ̧ḧһʥײЬʹ֮ɫг˲ᡣ
ʮҰСүһȥҪûˣ붼ۣˣڱҪõĶûҲȻԺϸһƬʥײݵʹò裬ĥܷÿϸ΢ںַһվͽʥײݷ˿С
ַܵҵŴкˣ˰ɱˣŵַȻȫһԴһ٣ֱˤȥ𣬿ɸովֱϥǰˤ
ģҩҲ̫˵ɣַЦڵ£ǴУ˰ɱˣ
һϡϡ衱ĽŲַ˿૵еͬԶתı¶ȣټʥײĹЧթ֮Ӧû˿óɣǹϵСүҵʥײݣǧ
뵽ַֻȫſſģԴҲԽԽأһᣬǰһڣһڰ֮С


30 Ĺ
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ͻȻһ޵ڴ·Ǵ˷ϣǿܵǸСӣʯɱˣ
仰΢΢һ㶣䵭ɱˣߣҲãʡҲ鷳ֻȷ𣬿ɲҪСӰǸŪˣ
Ѿϸ鿴ˣȷȫ䣬ȫޣѾȥʱˣһ֪﷢ٴ
ţȻѾȷˣˣûˣȥɣߣϾҪм䣬߱ɱҲ⣬Ǹȥķӣñ׷ˣͽĹذɣô˵ҲҲ̫ˡϵ
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ҪӣҪǣһе˼ɣҲͳˣЦһߵһ˿

֮䶼һƬƣǰ˻ƵĹ⣬ʲôҲͷѿһʹʹ뺿Уȴ޷г֫Լһ޷ƶһ㣬һִδйƣַۣ˯
ѵ𡭡ôˣַһģʲôͷƺðʲôͷҲץסҧҧȴֻ΢ؿ
ˡҳһʲôݡġʲôݣô벻ˣףеӳˣʥʲôݰɣַǰļ佥ָԼΪ˱ˡʥײݡҪװ
ˮ䵽ַÿͣ͵ͺмαҺԴڣֳ˯˹ȥ
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ǣַɫ䣬ѵԼļƻʶˣ͵йâɲĿ㻷ܣһӽΧһġ
Լһɳı͸ףܿԼԱҲڷһźԼһıס
ѵҵĹأַֽͷĹ׸ƿ׺󣬴ļеôһۣóôһۺַ˿Լƻɹˡ
ַʼĴΧƣԼʯһǽʯһźӰӣһͨڣԶˣְƵ
ǽڵԱߺ󣬼ȻһڣַĵǰЩС˵Ĺ飬꣬ɱ˰ʱĹ֮УЩаļһҲֻŹ˶
ڼխַֻϥжʯﾡǱף˵ڻôҲʹⶴгʪζš
һѿֱߣãʼղͷȴԽԽƽַ¶һ˿΢ЦǺǣģСүǿྡѾ
ַմⶴһȴĿɿڴˣǰɵһƬһǧɽƮѩĴѩ硣
ַվⶴԱߵѩһߵɴ۾һߴڵشϢţԭվ˽ʮӣվ̾һѩм
ôԼҲҵȥ·ѩУ¶ڼ½к嶼Ѿ˰ɫѩĺӭ洵鲻ԽĴ硣
ַһͷһѩصıףԼʯмһƬѩҲһñ׵ĵطֻеֲ


31 Ů
ǰʮأһƬɰѩɵѩɽ
ַͨһ۾Ϳ˲ԶһǽһѨڣԿһͨݣΪǶѨڽɢеźɫâããѩУԵʮۡ
ַڱߣҿЩòԥһº󣬾̧ŲͨУҲգʲôΣգ˰ԭ··ؾˣѨôһ֮·ӦҲΣհɣ
ⶴѨһһ·ϼȵƽַϣҲ˿
ͨУһξתҹյ·ںַɵصһ¸ǽǰ
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ַС˵澡Щ˵Ķûһ㱣֤ķҵʯϺһƣȻһתԭ·ȥˡ
顱һ죬߳Ĳַʱͣ˽Ųתŵɫ
һһͨ˸ղŵҲߵˣϾӡ
ַǰʱڹϵ˼µĽղһͷֱǿʯʵĵĶ
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ħͼȻȥǾϸǿȥܾе죬˵ʲô
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ַһϲûгɵһ˾ɵĴ˽ȥ
һַ̣ӰһƬ֮УϸһΧˮƮ죬滨ݣľһγһȻط⡣
ʹĺһ£ȫоЩءůůأһ˵֮˱Ƕ
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ǰԶĵطһʮɴСɫˮأǰɫǴˮɢ
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ȫɢʥĹԣ˲Ĥݵͷ
ˡַѵһڿˮַɵøһĭһԺ
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ַקȭͷȫ΢΢岻ܿǰˣѪŵһǿҵĳ嶯˹ȥŮƵǾŮݺ۳ҡ
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ӶҪϵľСӣȺȴǶҲȻ
Թԣʲôӡַһҵȫִ򿪣סȫܿϾͲȺ䡣
ҵ裬ɫˡ棬ַ˹ǻ͵ȥתܡ
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ð죬ƫƫԴɰü壿ַô£ôֵ֣
һ꣬ϰ׹һһϮɴİ£ԼĪʮ͡
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˵˭Ϊʲôת֮ƺҲû˿ů⣬ַһʱס˾һش
ٲ˵ҸͷԶҲ˿ڡַòڣŮͻȻ˵ôһ˵սľ
ͷַ΢΢һһûж֣Ű⡰죬ôԼŮӣĳһһ
ҲԹʱֻðǷٵļݰڳȻһЦͻȻæ
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δˣַѹǰ׵ϼϵӵܣߵ˼Ҹ
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һֱΪŮȻĹУĳλɣ֪ϣ飬ǲܿġ
û뵽ȻôһʱַЦ
ϼӵܣӣ䵽˵صˡ˰ΣŮü˵Ȼˣлɡ
ַһأ
Ů˱Сӣ˽ᣬЩʹ࣬ҪҶ֣궼Ҫܵ尾
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32 
ŮһԼַĶˡ
ɱˣȻףô⣬治֪ΪĥԼĪĥԼ겻ɣʱַеʮа˾ģԼǰ治صĺãʹ졣
ȫ£籲֪ʲôģâһĸˣַҪɱҪУȫƾǣҪǾԲܵġ
ŮתַĿҵˣǰ˵øͷġһһѺذףַ
ַŭСү֮٣αԴңѵҲô
ŮЦһǰأ㲻ھҲûˡ
һַ޲ôЦһԳֺ޲ʹһԱŭΣ޺޵صǡǳ̲ϺϷƽȮۡѾͷеİҷſȻȻ
ŮһۣһԪػ궼ûеķûССûʱĵϷ㻹ɡ¶мذһʹ
ɾʱһ׹⼱˹ûŮذϡ
顯һذ׻׹ɢ˿
㣬һԶһĵ
ַȥֻһɫĹ㣬֮󣬾Լǰϵİ׹һɢȻҲһòŮӣҪǣòȻǰİŮһ޶
ѵַ̥һȣ̲ס࿴ۣλɫʲͬǷֱ治˭˭ˣ˼ۺҲЩۻˡ
ȴŮŮüʲô
ŮǰƼַĿɫ̶Ц㣬˭ô
һ֮˶֮ҲûáŮ£һַ̤һ
ҪɱôŮ΢Ц
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׼˵Ů˫۵ַ
ֵַֺȣбҲˣеΪʲô˵СүҪ˵ҺΡĿ¶мҪ˵
ңҪ˵ˣҶҪŮһкһַĿԣ֮ǰ£ȴһȣһ첼
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֪ŮҪڣַǻй˼˶٣ŭӲСҪɱңΪүġ
סڡЩŮҲ˵ڵģҧãҴӦĥ㣬ʹ졣һӣʹ֡
Уҿɲýɱģ߿һӰŮַǰ档
ôҪҶôŮɫ΢䣬һǿѹŭ
αˣеȤζˣôɱŮЦĿӣַϴһ󣬺ü૵˵СǸˣνģҲĺܣ
Ůɫһ䣬üȵӣ㶨ҪΪô
⵹ǡŮ˰䣬Цѵüįôôˣˣ֮⣬ȫһЩûһòΪʲôҪɱ
ˣҲҪŮ֮ɫ
㻹Ҫɱѵʲôʮ¡ŮȻЩ⣬ʲô˳ַƳ۰ŮȻЦ
СѾͷЦʲôٸü΢Ȼ
ŮüЦ룬㲻ɱˡ
ŮףΪʲôɱ
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壿ַŮɫ粻ĶؿڣԹԣòԴСԼɣɱСү
ŮЦһһһûûԪػ꣬Ǹֲꡯľ塣


33 ɶ
뵽Сִַɫ΢䣬鲻ԽĴ˸ƺʲôֲ£еҾԲʲô壬ҲСүȥ飬ɱҰɡ
벻ɵôŮ俴ַһۣתѸԶȥӣһͽˣȥꡯƽ׶ɣʱ䣬ͺúõ壬ʱҪǳܲˡꡯķɣ鷳ˡ
߰ɣһʯȥǰŮһߣŮҲתӡ
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Ůӣ΢һ֮漴㲻Ҫᣬ¼Ǹûκζ⡣
ãȻû⣬Ǿͷȥַһ̧ߡ
ߣŮ΢΢һ˲ָ̬һЦһһ紵ַ㶨ԭأҲƶһ
ʲô˼ַɫ΢䣬е㲻˵˵ûж⣿
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ַһĿܿˣɬ˵Ҳ֪˵Щʲô飬ѵΪҺòɣ
ŮͻȻü̾˿˵ôǲң֪֪ƽδ˵Ц
һ˫ﲨԹעַϡ
ַֻͷһһܰĸоĵԵζδйġ
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ΪҺãߣ׷ǹʣΪ˴ҡַǰŮǡꡯ֮£˵ǧѷĻȴΪһֶˣֻ˵ɹˣҪʧˣ񲻻ĥ
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˵ûһ˼ԼҲţͬʱֶԼСںĽشΣյ£һǾ᳢Եġ
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ΪʲôҪ˵Щַɫ粻Ȼʵ
ûʲôֻǿŮɫһ漴ͻָ糣ˡ
һĻַΪ⶯è壬ɫΪʲôҪұǿ
ôôΪʲôŮһ˿漴еһУڲ˵ԺԻ֪ġ
ʲôڲ˵ַһ˿
˵ǲ˵Ůʵ𣿡
ַһһᣬȻʹĵ˵ͷԼҲõ죬Ů͡ҡʱԼоȻ㷴֮ҲûС
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ַϰһȥչһ֫վ૵죬Ůˡǲġ
ֹʲôַŮû
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ַ֪ΪΣֻѪӿٸЦӳѩ׵⣬ɵƵóˡ
ݣǰŮַŮˣͶ֮޲Ŀԣ
ŮַĿתĶĿȣƽʱ򾲣ʱҲеܲˣֻóʲô֣Ϊʲô
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ŮһЦĵַŹ֣ü£ĬַһᣬͻȻڵôţˣ񡣡ȴ˿û֮¡
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ˣŮ۲¶ЦЦ񣬡Ǻǣܿͻ֪㵽ˣùˣҵ֣ͽɶˡ
ɶַʼһξ룬ǰŵеƵˣԼȻ뾡֣ȴҲЩЦҿȥֶŮҰ
Ȼ𲻶񣬵ЫˣСүҲСүúһأϣñСүҪȻһ⻰ַ˿鲻Խ
޳ܵļһʲôСɱ㡣ɶͻȻؽŭˮҲɶŭʼ
ַһ亹ǰĲҪŮѵжĵı²ɣ룬ͷʧˮҲֹͣ
ַ϶еĲ룬˿ʵʵ˵ûʲôֻҪ㲻Ҿͺã˵ʲôùˣѾˣһЩҲġ


34 
ǺǣԭǸСɶ۲¶ЦЦ飬ַ˵
ַνĴȴǿȻŮʮۣﻹһҵ·ӳĹء
Ͼﻹһˣ굽֪Ǹʲô㲻ãһ񣬾ûС֮ǰӳȥ
ǲôӳĹأɶųĬַ΢ЦǺǣȰ㻹ǳİɣ
ιι˵ûܣҪ͵˼ҵºòãҪΪе㱾£ͿȻԷŮһַҲˡ
ҲǣԼñ޹˼ɵ͵ǸҲƣҲᶯŭ
˵û͵˼Լµģһţɶ̾˿ε˵
ҵ˭߾߰Ҫ뺦ô죿ַ̧ͷĹϿһֳۣܿһ£
뺦㣬õô鷳𣿾ȻǾˣȻҪǳ£ɱҡɶһ߳ǰߣһĵ˵
£ܳʲô£ҿ߲¡ַ˫°ͣڳرһ㶯˼ûС
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ǺǣȰ㻹ϸĿپĺá˵仰ɶӰѾҪַҰˡ
ַ⻰ȴʲôûһһҲûУ˫ӳˮг´ѥӣ̶һؽݣָһ֣ӻǺ氡
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ͻȻ顯һӡˤˣ㱵ĹУġָסӷ϶̽
ɶйթʬδ䣬˫ѴɱȥѸʧˮرߡ
ȵַ׷ɶϳѪеµ㡭XXôаĶ
ɶںڵ΢΢һתЦؽЦĹأʲô֣Ǻǣﲻ飬иֲĶˡ
иֲĴڣַڳе㲻ĵǸţɶʱҪҵôҿǺߺˣҲѧһ㱾¡
ɶ⻰һŽЦ촽һ˵㲻Ǽųȥ𣬲ҽȥôôҪˡ
̫ΣˣĴָ飬Լ㱾£ȥַеԼںܱޣĹ̫Σˣ滹ҪΣա
ɶĽëļ󣬽ҪҸôãҴӦ㣬ֻҪ㡮ꡯֲɹкö½ء
ַóɶĽʲôꡯʲô붼ûڻǱסСҪʱʱԹ׵˾⣬м֮£лл㣬ɶôãǰء
ɶźС㲻ʶ𣬲Ȿ²˵ѧãѧõģԺֲꡯɹˣҲһѧøı£ͺñЩ͡ԪػꡯҲкв
ͲҪˣǻϽ뿪ɣַͷһۣʱѺںһƬһЩɢĺɫ˹ｹǻýʲô
£֪ĺްɶſɰСӶַЦҵúúø㽲Щ֪ⷽʶˣȻԺֲꡯɹ֡ꡯԪػ֮
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һţһţʵ˵ģ˵ɶһ˵Ŷԣַǰ죬Ҳѵÿڡ
һûʲôַɶУ֪˲Ӧ֪ĳʶԶ׵һ飬˵ףǼңɼ飡


35 
ַɶУ֪˲Ӧ֪ĳʶԶַһ飬˵ףǼңɼ飡
һ˵Ԫػꡱ֮ͬΪ硢ˮաԣԪػԵĴ̶ȣַΪ£Уϣϵĸȼ
󲿷˵Ԫػ꣬ƷʵӵһµԣЩȻҲԸӦԪػӦԣЧ˵ǲҲ̶ãֻ㾳磬ʹ粽ǰˣһһڡ
ȴǸ;ͬΪ뷨ߣ߽Ǳȴǽ;ͬ飬;ﵽ߽׵ȼҲûʲôͬˡ
ȻҲָŵȣȼԪػһ
Щ⣬һЩȽĴڣǾЩӵеԪػֹһǶ
ӵͬԪػĹУ⣬һ㶼ܴﵽľ磬ʲôԭû˵壬һƣ߼ʵĿҪѪ
ЩԪػˣΪԪߡʾֻеһԪػ𣬡ԪߡΪԪػ걬ͬԪϡ
ӵģΪ䷨ߡҲӵԪػһ
ÿԪ䷨߳ʱͱϾ൱ƽΪԤһĴ֣ܴʵ
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Ҫ֪ͨеĹһ㶼ֻǾ磬ûк̹ˡ
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ҵ߱ĹЩ˶붼˲ĸ֣һܶͬʵͨߡ
ԱߣҲǸƷΪӭ֮ˡ
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36 洲
ˣסĵطˡַԺһЩ飬ɶͻȻعַ˵
ַɶĻӳ˼лعһȴԼǰȻһʯš
Ȼʱɶȴַ˿ɫ˼Ƿַȥֹã˵ҽȥɣǧ߶ˡ
ɶ˵꣬ѽ˽ȥַæ棬Ĺû۾Ҳɶİ±Ӱֻý棬벽
ɶĹĶأ˰Σƿһصʯţ֪ȡһ¹ʯǰȻ
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ɶָұߵһ߱׵˯ָŵڶʯ׵˯
ַɶһ˵꣬һæҲҲֲˣΪʲôҪ˯ڹײ
ɶȴǹЦȻʲô𣬶㲻ǻҪҽ㱾͵ʲôңҽ˯ǣ͵˯ǡ
ַںԼĿһҲ޹˼ɣұ£ҲôŪҰɣϽֲڣһЩ£ѧˣҾͳȥ
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ɶߵڶ߱ǰƿ׸ǣ룬ַвԸ˵Ҫ˯ڹײ𣿡
ôòԸ˯Ǻãʯҵĺ棬һСһʯңŴȥ˯ɣɶַ˲Ը⣬ɵúᷳüͷ
Ȼɶ˵ַֻǲӦվһҲɶûô㲻˯ȥ˯
ַȴڳĬһ³֣¡
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ַֻһŴ֪˯ֻҪ˯ڵˡ
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ַûк˵ʲôףһ⣬Ž˯ϵģȻ㲻֪ôˣϾ˯ˡ
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ַɶ۽֮Цݣ֪ŪԼһⴲйŹ֣ԭŪҡ
ɶȴɫ˭Ūˣⴲģȥ˯˵Ų֪Ӻȡһΰɴ˯һҾ㣬ӵ˯
ַ˵棬ֻԼ˯棬ôֻϵ˴ϣ˷ûһ¾ֻԽ˯Խ䣬סȫ죬˯һ󣬺͸ǣʵ̲ȥˡ
תɶȥЦЦֻ֮⣬аҧأȫµĺ俹
ַ˯ڴϣ϶˵ɡɶ㡭ʲôôʱ򣬿ʼұ¡
ɶ΢΢һЦڲڽ֪Ŵ˴λģ´½еĸ֣֪ж˯˴ء
ַе㲻ŵĴģɶ㲻ںҰɣ
ɶ䡰ߡһԭһİ壬㻹ǻ治֪ô˯ɡ
ַɶƺԼ˯䴲ȷҲǶ⣬ǿͰ͵ɶ䴲ôô˵òã
ɶƳַһۣȫһ˵ˣҲסӵǲ䴲Ȼͻ֪ˣĺôⴲ˯ϸһһĺôܻ֪ڣ۾˵
ַĺһƽһºȻСү˯ˣ˵ģĺÿడ
ַ˵仰󣬲룬Ǻ˫˯һ͸ú󣬺Ȼ¶ԽԽߣ˯ţ
ãַʵܲסˣеɶⴲһһȵģҵֲסٲȥҿҲǳΪһͻΪһֻ
˵˰κ󣬼ɶһ㷴ӦҲûУϸһɶ컺ͬС˵˵һȻ붨εڤ֮С
ַȻӦİ룺ĥСүˣ´˯Ӧò֪ɡ´վڵأҲҴһڡ
֪վŲಡһ죬һɫİͻȻһͽַ˸ʵӵ˴ϡ


37 ʯЧ
ɶðַһ顱һһ°ַͷۻŻعȻعַȴڴϣһ
ɶֻ֣ԸⲻҪ󳳴һַ֪Ȼһ죬Ǵ֮⣬ʵˣ
ַ˿ĭһ;ñĴƺѾ͸ˣСûôģӣⴲ˯ˣҲá
ɶͻȻͷڴϵַ˵ߣϲ˵һҡ
ַɫʱһе㲻ô͵ҵ˼û㣬ֻԹһ£ߣŲš
ɶСô㣬Ų㲻ˣУһΣҲû͵˼Ϊ˵ôýûضĳϣû㿱˵ġ
Ŷ׽ãҲùң˭㿪ʼùˡַȻҲɿתͷɶ˵ģʵһҲ㣬෴һǳá
ɶе㲻ŵҷǳãΪô
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ɶַ˵£΢΢һ죬ںڰ֮УҲ±Ƽޣ˭ϧˣ´㲻㳢ĳͷ
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ɶεСԴǼͷҿǰ϶һղ򣬲ֻ˯ž
ɶ˵ַ̾Ҫ˭ңˣҪǰҵ˴ңңֻ»أǴңңΪҺãЩˣֻҪǵһۣһ䣬ҳȥˣҪһȥ˵ġ
ɶ΢һüͷϸ㵹˵˵Щ˺㣬Щ˰㣬ҪȥЩˣ
ַǵ˵ͳˣǲ˵ˣҿԸ㣬һǰҵһˡ
ɶС΢΢һ漴ЦߣҲŲأ֮˶㣬ֻǿҽķϣоһ˴̫ˣҸˣĶˣⱲӿɱкĴ㡣
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°ǰûеһһַǰһѧıҲ˵ɻģʱ˵ϣŹ֣ðٶˡ
ɶԴʶûʶ磬УҲֻǱ˵һЩ䣬˲ַοݣȫΪ棬̾˿
ַɶ΢΢̾Ϣһ֪Ϸˣɶ굽ֺҴȥ棬òãĺܾʣ㶼ôһϲǵġ
ʱɶȴüԼݣѾЩͷˣ䣺ˣֻҪĹأͲٽȥˣҺҽҲܣҪ㽫˵ξʣĶҲֻĴЩһЩʵʵ뷨ҳ㻹ЩϢ˵ĺá
ɶĻʱַһѵĲܳȥ
ɶüȻܡ
Ȼʱַ˵ҲǼĵСүǰˣܱ겻ɢ磬ǿԽʱյСүһӲȥ𣿡
̸̸˵˵ַһʱ֮䵹ϵĺȣֻͣƬ̣ȫһ÷һȵֱð̣´еɶ䰡ȰҵֲסҪˡ
ɶ۹ЩӵĿַµĴ𳳣Ұʯ˵֪ʡ㻹֪ô
ַһ֪ⴲϲãҲɶ˵գⴲʲô
ɶ˵Ӣ۶˯ʯƭ㣬ⴲ»֮֮Ƴɣʵϰϳ˹ȻһûлԪػˣⴲ˵Ҳиá


38 ʧĹ
ַⴲʯͷôô棿
ɶЦ˵ٹŹɼʱ̹ǣʱޱȵʯͷûУҺҽ㻨Ѫʹôͨ͸ĹҹͣĲɼ»ջļ뼫֮ƶɵģ˯ڹһֵƽʮꡣ
ַϲԹԣⴲԭȺô
ɶʱ˯棬һ溮Ѱһ־ޱȣʵֻ֮ʣĳƣⴲͺ䣬ķ꣬ⴲȣ㾲ʹԼϲŭһⴲɻ֮У
ַЩȻ֮ȴôҲڴʱϮȫֹ
Ǵʱַȴϲɦɶãⴲ˯ʱֲ롮ꡯͿԽ̫һ׶ˣ˵ԺһܳΪһˡ
ɶַüͷһҿǺƾԼˣţڽһξĿھǺˣҲ˵εġ
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ַʱȴ벻ôˣΪȫȻֺֻֻƬ̣
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ַһӣȫ䵽ѡһСģﹾĲסҧڳݲĵйǺðӸҲ㣬ţζˬڣɶǴİһ·ôû
ɶһۣеóԣͳ԰ɣôϻӵĵطȥģһ£һҪȥһ£׽Щ
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˽ĹңǰȻһȣȥ߲ʮಽǰһƬڡ
ַ·ǽ߻أߵʮϣǲĹе¹ʯ⣬ӿŲǰ
ߴ·һңǴϼӴԽԽ죬ײڰе·Զ߲ǰĹ֮УУɶɶҡĹ֮д
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²ߣһʯͷ˫֧ãţһʱȻַַĽ
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ַ󼱣Ŵɤӿ񺰣һӣԲôϢͻһ˱
ַǴһһ漴ϲеɶôһҲ֪ôû죿
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ַɶڰУƣԼָҲƲȴôƼ
ɶһߣһߵΪһ磬ҹοһںڰгȻ͸ˡ
ַʲһʱоڽʱȣϲʤɶ˵ЩҲ֪˵Щôźá
Ƭ֮䣬ɶִصĹңַ̾һڳɶղǺܺ£ĺһѧ᱾£Ҫ׽Ķ׽ô
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ʲô׽ЩǸ壿ǸţɶܲܲѾܺˡַȴվԭû룺ҪСүȥôֲĶУǻСүҡ
ǺǣҲУҾͽӵĹȥһȺɶЦЦһָסַ
ַöס֪ɶѾԼںܱޣģôôתƽʱܵҲˣʱȻҪ򽻵


39 ǲһ
ɶַĹת˼תһʯǰƿһʯţһʯңзһ¹ʯ
ʯСվţתҲףҶְַ쳤ֱۣҶ
ַ飬ɺʵ׽Ķأ
ɶַĻʯҽһֻɫ˿⿪ڴڵתһɳߡ
ɳߣַ˿ĵԭߣӻֲ˾ͺá
ɶַһģָ󣬵ߣǻڵ飬ѱ˽ƣṥ㣬ǰ߶׽ңɲŪǡ
ַһ߲ṥһϲð˹ȥץ쳣ˡ
ַһ۵ͷ󺹣˵׽ҲһƬ
ɶԱ߿һô׽ɣҽ㷨ӡַ׽Щʲô
ɶϰ书
ʲô׽ЩǸϰ书ģǸţɶַܲܲȴվԭû룺ҪСүȥôֲĶУǻСүҡ
ǺǣҲУҾͽӵĹȥһȺɶЦЦһָסַ
ַöס֪ɶѾԼںܱޣģôôתƽʱܵҲˣʱȻҪ򽻵
ɶַĹת˼תһʯǰƿһʯţһʯңзһ¹ʯ
ʯСվţתҲףҶְ쳤ֱۣҶ
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ɶַĻʯҽһֻɫ˿⿪ڴڵתһɳߡ
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ַһ߲ṥһϲð˹ȥץ쳣ˡ
ַһ۵ͷ󺹣˵׽ҲһƬ
ɶԱ߿һô׽ɣҳҽ㷨ӡһ꣬ɶ˳ȥַҲæȥ
ʯݣɶַȥ߰ŰپʮſҪСһġ
Űپʮſ飬Ҫôࣿ˵ġ
ȡǡ
ٵɣʮſ鲻ô
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ٸּۻۣСһȥ׽ŰپʮɶĶͷΪջ
Щһˡַֹߵ棬ʼİ˱ÿһ飬ɶָҪŵλá
Űپʮſַ˼СʱַƵı飬ɶЦЦЩ鰴߸λ˸ͼַϵô
ϵãַصǸô
ӣɶüҪַͣһУԣǱͼ
ףϵã
ѽϵıǣôڷŵôϿƮǿգǶǣǾǱдͷǣ󡣱һǣ֮Ҳڶǣ֮Ҳǣ֮ǾҲȨǣڤ֮ǾҲǣԪ֮Ҳ]ǣ򱱼֮Ҳַѵ֣󣬿ĭĽ
˵һЩʣȻž˼ɶ׵Ȼ֪ЩʡҲٹ򡣡
˵ɶͻȻƮǱ֮ϣӣһ⣬ÿһ϶ʮŸһĽӡ
ЩɶָЩӡھͰЩӡߣһ
ôʲôãַűЩĽӡͷɻ
͸ôϻһֲԱ֮Ϊ֮䣬ں϶ɣ±Сسɴ硯֮Чҽ֮ΪһֱΪʮǰǧ¡΢΢Цڵ㣬ܰʮɣˡ
سɴ磿ַûô⼸֣ϸˣܲɵþһⶫΣԺǱѡľֶΡ
½ɶ̸Щķ߷μ
ɶķ飬ַһ͸ҲЩ죬Ҳٶ˵ϱϰԸŽѾһϹ΢ЦĹۿš
ַƺ·Ĺʮ⣬ɶ٣ڱϰɶµĽӡɱֹ
ԽԽ죬ͻȻ䣬һˤ˸ҰʺֱӴӱϵɦͷѵһˣķǴˡ˵գһ飬Ϊ˳һ죬һˤȫѪҲе쳣ƣ
ˣǿѹĵƣͣţַüͷ˼


40 ǲ
ķûɶӱƮַǰԲˡ
Բַɶ΢΢еŭԼôԲˣⲻǺô
ֲÿһ㣬ʩչһΣҪ˵ҲҪĥɶ΢΢һЦڵĹҲֻʩչǧ㡣㶼û۶ɣֻܿ쵽زˣ˵Ҫֽ׶ѧʮɲ˵ѧᣬԺһ֮ڡ
ʲôһʮҪһꣿʱַȤˡ
Ҫˣڻǰѻãȡۻ㣬ɾһ˵ɣʱӦþʹʮˡ
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ꣿַҿȥкܻ꣬Ȼֻȥˡ
ַɶЦα˴ͷɥˣȥʯ׽ߣͰϵĲȥ׽
ţַ˵ͷʱҲ֪ˣɶǾ׽߶εļסֲʹ֮Ϊһֱܡ
νķ벽Ժйһ飬ˣֻǾȻˣһʱ֮ȴõϣɶСĥϰųȥ
һַδ׽һߣһЩѩ󣬾ڴڶȥϰȻȥ׽ߣԾʱ磬ʱҲࡣ
ϣץһַֻϲѣæȥ֪ɶ޼֮⣬ĵһʲôãҪ׽֮ǰȥϰ²
ַԼȻ͸׽һ׽кѣ֪ȻգһҲ׽ˣ˵ڰգַһץס
ɶַ׽߽ʱ۵ýƣɢָߵͷϰ׹һ㣬ųĹҡ
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ַһ˫ֽӹһ֣ʲôģֲ̫̫ģҿɲźŶ
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ƿʯţַڵһͷдɫëľǣ쳤ХХ쳹Ĺҡ
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ַǰȥʯŴһ£ִӱһؽԾ֮ϡ
໡׵ľѪ˼Уգ۱ȳϢǿ֮Уϵ¶
ַ˫ϣƬ̣͵ڵ˫ͫޱȣһԵʱĮɶ̣侲УϣʤĹؼ
УѪĹâצ¹ʯĹâ£մȾһĨɫݺݵĳַҧȥƤ΢̧ؽ̧΢ꡱһһͷµµĹ˵ϣ漴һẓ́ʧ
ʱַͷһۣɶѾʯţȥˣعͷͷѾ³һԴѪǡ
໡มѪһŭ𣬼ַһζͷ˵ûһ˿ηеֻǷŭ
ַɫĮĲϻؽǰ֯һƬƬǽƬ֮Ѫ֫壬ԶĽгɼ룬λƵ䵽ϻɺ̡
ȻѪǴ帴ԭǰˣȻצַϵƬﶼδմǵԣܾɶеģ˲ŻѪַ
һһͷͼѪǣ룬̧ͷǿٻָ
ַЦҡҡͷȥҲԼǲӦûֶˣ˵ѵ֮Ҫ


41 
ַɫĮĲϻؽǰ֯һƬƬǽƬ֮Ѫ֫壬ԶĽгɼ룬λƵ䵽ϻɺ̡
ȻѪǴ帴ԭǰˣȻצַϵƬﶼδմǵԣܾɶеģ˲ŻѪַ
һһͷͼѪǣ룬̧ͷǿٻָ
ַЦҡҡͷȥҲԼǲӦûֶˣ˵ѵ֮Ҫ
һЦ΢΢һΣһӰȻ֮гΣȴѪܲ
еַһУԼҪɱͷѪǶβŵͷȻ㵽1000ʱ̲סһģʱĿ
ַͷһ۽׷ԼŵѪǣЩģֽڼϣһпܿȥ
ͻȻַһһԾƮȻ䵽ʯǰٵĽʯŴһ㣬ʯңվʯԱߡ
ѪǣǰǿɶȥʯŴ򿪵һռҲպÿԼӹȥдϲæԾӣʯԾȥ
ѪΪԼڿӳĹ֮ʱһؽͬһĳǰͷ­һΪ
ַؽ˻ΰӣЦҪ˳ǲˣСүҾʹʯŴţһΣСүҾһɶˡ
ʯ֮ԣַٽǴ򿪵һռߣļһĻӳѪʼӲԼҲɣЦЦ

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43 ䷨֮ѡ
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ǺǡʱǲɶҲᱻɶعַȻεЦһǿ໨
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ǵġַĻشܿ϶
ôðɣҾȥҹɶһ࣬վתѩȥ


44 ɫ
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鲢û꣬ΪŮӽ˵һַĿɿڴ飬ȻҲŮһҡ桢ŵ


46 ʷ
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ˣȻҪնݳĸ׾ͿʼȻûϸϸһξǳͼࡣ
μҵ˿Ͷˣǵʱ¡ʿΪǿĸ֮һҲĸƷ
Ʒ飬ĸΪ뵽̵ı֮ȻƷһĳ֮УŮ鰮ԵԾʾ⣬ƷҲ޶ԡ
ƷϼңҲӷƾòϼӣ
ͬΪʱһ˽ܵ桭죬иǳµ뷨˻ԶҲ벻ͷ
ϼӴ֮ĹʵǰﲢĹأһΪ֪ľ޴¹ڣϼ﷢֣΢΢ƺ󣬱γ֮ģĹء
ַͷ׵ĺһۣؾˡַ̾˵治Ϊһ˽ܣ鼧дģм䣬¶֮⡣
ɶ΢ЦֻҪʱգ˵ǵڶ졣
ַǺһЦûд𻰣ת⣬ֵǣеλΪҪ¹ڣʲô»Ըְյӣ
ɶ㿴ȥͿ֪ô
ַǺһЦſȥ
˵Ϊ˽µĹڣ˵ǷѾѪһµʱ䣬ҪһУ˶
Ȼ֪ʲôֶΣ˷⣬ʱ½ΪߵĶʮλƭ˵ǣ˵˵޲ǻ磬ӦиߵĴڣĹȴɬѶҲֻ⹦ĵһƪ˵֮ͬܣܽ⹦ȫǱؿɳΪŴ
仰ȻʮֵģǺ϶ʮ˵ǻ뾭飬ͬ̽ѰŹµܡ
ȴҲ벻ǳɹӣӣӦ˵ǸͲɹΪ챾ûЩ˽Ĵ㡣
ΪһŹ֮ϣΪһǰδķͷҪȥʵûôʱ˷ѡ
ڴ½ļغʹ˵УвٳһʱӢۣȴһܺɨ£ԭЩȻﶼļǿ
ǿߵĶ壬繫ϵԴõŹͲˣ˵ֻܴﵽ磬Ҫǰ˸Ӣۣ
ͻڵΪޣʱһǿˣֻҪԭеĻϣͻȻһ㣬޵£һͳʮռңһͳ½
ʮǿҪ󲢲ߣǶʮֻ֮ҪŹϣҵͻƻķͻʹɱ֡
ͻƼ޵ǿߣ磬һ͹ˣɲԸ⿴ʱĴڡ
ֻǱ½Ϊؾ񡯵Ķʮλ֣ȻҪΪҰĵƷֻΪʮ˸㣬ԼĸķҲ⣬ץס˵㣬óģʮ˾뵽ļıֻĿˬ֪
ɱǵļƻ䲻֪ƻΣĶƣ޷죬нҴı֮ģȴץ֤ݣ˵һҲš
ֻý˸֮֮ķǲ֪ǹʲôԻȻҲҵĻҲҪ˵ƻ֮ĸ飬κΰκΡ
ҪΪշյʱͻȻһˣһˣʲôҲù
ԭкܶෳǺ׽ģ֮ǰһһ飬ǾΪﱨ𣬱ϾĸʱǣһдΪӦÿǱɣҲȥİˡ
ҵ׼ΪﱨӣӦɹ֮á
ʮȥǶʮˣյĵطȹʮ뵽˵ƪһƪ󣬶ʮֿʮ꣬ȴ֪Ϊʲôʮžγ֮ŵˣȴҲκνչ
ڣѾȲˣԼҲĵƪУҵͻƻķõĳɹѿ쵽ˣܿҪﵽǰ޹˳ɹ۷塣
ǣȴҲǲ֪Լɹ֮գҲɥȪ֮ʱ


47 ʯ
ַʬǣɱؾϵи֣İ޹һ칦֮ƣ֪Ɑ칦ľƣû£ȴԼﶾˡţɱ
һת۵֮ϣַ̾鼧֪ͼҲ˲ֻǣȻΪﱨ˳ԼΪҪأҲûи飬Ҳϵɷںʱѵûһ뷨𣿡
ɶ뷨ôǲòɱɱδʹ࣬ڽļı߷֮ǰ뵽ⲽˣֻһȥͻˡ
ɶôһ˵ַɶͻȻЦʱ֣֪Ǹ㣿
ɶʧЦǿʱЦʱ˸пɣ
ַ˸ˣŮ˵Ѳ²⣬˭ȥŮ˵£ǴӣǷӣŮˡ
ַЦڵҪʮ˽Ź뵽ʲô̶ȣȻͻƻ磬޵£һͳʮңһͳ½ˡ
ַĿȥɫͻȻˣƤϰ벿ּصһЩʮ롾쳾¼ʱݵĹЩݵĹַ˿ԲƵ亹ֱð
ֻȻԼǰϼƵһЩЩֱһĲֵƤҲ᲻÷
ãַ͸˿֪ˣƤϰ벿Ƕʮ롾쳾¼֮ǰĵãЩĵãһȥ¶һȷѪ꣬ԼõôһҪ֪治֪鰡
ַһĵģɶģʯҳ⣬û˽Ҳܽˣ֪ˣˣԺֻҪչʾ⹦֮û¡
òˣ⹦׷ɱһҪһˣһɶһ˵ַҲ˿Ƶĵ
Сɶ䡰ߡһ
ͲˣõĶҲܲаҪûˣʲôá
ף԰ȵȡַԼִԼƤ˵Ѿ﷢ˣôû˽ʯң
ʱ治֪Ӧô˵㣬ѵ㻹ûʯе㲻һ𣿡ɶ
ʲôһַ˵ţĿȴʯ΢΢һɨһĲ졣
ѩɽеĵʯңôһ䣬ûмͨŻֻ֮ǰԼɶǸ󶴣ӳ˵ϵЩݹǣյ֮һֱɭֵĸо
ַϸط֣ʯҵıڴֲ֮֮ǰʯƽ룬ʯҺ񱻾޸һһµնһ͹ƽ֮
ЩϸһĿַɫ
ƺǿַɻɶͻȻЦ˵ﲻ⣬βһµʯڣнˡ
ַ⻰һ֪ɶʱЩա
Ǻǣд⡣ַȷЩ棬ղԼ΢ʶ̽һ
ûʲô֣ͨʯûʲôӣֵַʯȥ
ʯǰַһûʲôתʯʰһֻаɫһ͡һ㵵龰ˡ
âɫʯϷһžײ󣬾赲δʯ˿ۼ
ַﲻȻͬʱмֲа
ȻһᣬâȻгݺݵǽһն顯һظȻϳء
ʯڰȻһ˿۶ûг֡
ַ¶ɫ˵ʯһɢľաȻǽնȥ˽Ϊһâֱ£䡱һ
Ҳֻһ΢ɼ׺ۣʯ֮ϣһ׺ϾͲˣ׺ȴҲַֻǽڵĻҲ㣬γɵġ
ʲôʯڣô˱̬ѵ˭ʩչʲôַһһ𾪵Ťͷɶʵ
ʩչӣʩʲôǽʯֽӽ𣬷ǳһ壬˵㣬ҵȫһҲֺɶ˵
ʯʲôһδ˵塣üͷ΢΢һ壬ת뿪ʯڣصԭλú󣬻˵
ٺ٣Ȼ֪ˣⶫϹʱҲǷǳټĶڣЩ鼮ûˡɶΪĽ
ַ⻰е죬뿪˵ʲôʱɶȴȻһЦ˵Ӧ֪ΪʲôʯҴû˽˰ɣ˵֮ûҵʯңҵˣҲƲʯҡ
֮ǰǽʯô£ǧ˵ƿģԣҲƿģղҲ˵ȫһҲʯڷַֺԼıӺһ˵
ߣʲôܣȫһУѵҲȫĻеʱ䣬ĥҲĥɶͻȻ˵Ĺĵĺܣò׷ƿʯң˵ܲ뷽跨Ū𣿡


48 쳾¼
ַһ⻰ЩЦõûнӿڣû뵽ʯҵĶڻɶƿģֻǲ֪ɶôŪģһƵ˵ʲôʯʯͲҪˣǽӦЩʲô
ʲô׳գûƤڵȻĹˣɶһʯͷַɫƽ˵
ַЦ궼û׼ãʲô⹦ֲˣؾ϶ʮ֣׿֮Ž뵽⹦ĵƪĹ˵ġ
ɶֻ֪Ĺأ㲻ѧñ£ʱʱҲֻҵػ²߶ѵԸһһŮӻ𣿡
ַεһЦɶ˵ˣ˵ʲôҸطú󣬽Ƥչſȥ
һ߿ţһУ쳾¼С֮رޣУʼл磬п˳ɡ£سʵ˷ŮΪۣתֹϢ֮ļкпʴֹиУ֮壬㡢ݱ䣬ٽԳ֮壬ת֮һã鷨ʮƪԵ
ַ¶ɫ̾ǰ죬ǵصģ˵ùŹŹֵֹģҲ֪˵ʲôǿɡ
ǰһ꣬ڡ쳾¼֮󣬽һ£⹦ĲΣһƪΪƪνڤ룬ȥ붨
ڶƪƪǽתȫԪ֮ԪػһһԲ㣬ȻٱΡ
ƪƪݵڱκѨʹûԪ֮תƪɣʼƽͣƳϰ
ƪϢƪ
Խƪ̥ƪƪƪƪƪƪ
ַ׿Ƕʮ˵ģ쳾¼ԭĿһ£ȴƲѣ˵һƪƪܴſ⣬ȴһƪһƪʾҲǧٹ֣ɬޱȡ
ַλ׫ĵϲǰˣȻ˹ֽŪôѶⲻǴĥôͷβϸһ飬ͻȻ֮졣
ַͻȻüͷһ壬ֹԼλ棬ڿ޳ܣ£Ȼĳ뵽ַһЦϼһ޳ܿԼһˡ
ɶַһɫĿŷȴһֹϣںЩʲô
ɶַ̧ͷɶһۣͷ˵ԭĿһֶûпǶʮ˾Ȼܽ뵽ƪˣ
ôôɶӹƤϸۿһᣬʱüͷҲβַк棬ʵɶƹԭģѵҲ
ɶַҡͷĹǰƪԭģһܿһЩɵƪ֮ҲһҲˡ
ַɴ۾ɶ㶼˭öĪǴĺŪţ
ǺǣȻǣɶʧЦ߹ˣλ칦˼ȻдܿģǰƪñʣԲףȴŹ־䣬Ҳ´Լĳרҵñеްڷ֮зЩû֪⹦⡣
ַĿеƤôأ㲻ҪѧĹôѧɶüͷ𣬺ΪԼż
˰뵽ƪôѧƪƪǿֱģѾˡɶַһۣɫ˵
ʲôˣѵҵļǾǻ쾳ôߣǿɲһַ˵ֻǻ쾳磬ԺܷһǱźܴĵģ⻰ɲ˵ȻɶҪԼøԶˡ
ɶַüĿп֮ɫüһ壬˵ַ޵ĹǾˣ㲻Ҫô֪㣬ңеŹԺУҲԼȥ밡ˣ㽫֮ͨƪһ£º󣬾Ϊꡣ
ţַӦһҪôԴˣеڴŵĿ־塣
ǿѹеֱ쳾¼ԭģ·ǶʮĹƪ
ֻƤ·ͬҲһ˵Ⱥİʮ֮롾쳾¼κΣǰʮԣ˳ʮ꣬ȴ޽չֻǰǰƪ졢ءᣬԹԪػĿͬϰַ⿴ǰ㽫ĿڣǰƪһЩСƹλķţһУǺıˡ
ƤдţΪ쳾¼ƪе˻ƪΪһԪػϰһķԴת˻ꣻԴԸʮɳɣ߶ʮɳɡ
ַ´棺ôѴҪʮųɣǱؼ֡ϼصһЩ֮ͬֻ⡾쳾¼Ӻ嫣ˣԼǰǡ֡ҲûʱȻϡ
ٽȥڶķʩΪȴǲУӵлԪػˡ
Լûǰ㲻ڶ룬ֻȥ
쳾¼ڶƪػƪӵ˫˫ԪػϰƪһԪػ˻ƪвϰȫǾ˶Ҳɶá
쳾¼ƪƪӵǸԪػˣɵػƪƪƪǵһ˫Ԫ߽ԲȫԱ
ǰġ쳾¼ꡢŪ󣬰Ҫȥ
ַ޲պãȥʱֻͻȻһһŮǰһüü侹һɷ


49 
ɶĽ㣿ַŴŮ˵ʲô
ꡱһ
ŮţȻЦ¶һַϤ쳣
ɶ㣿ַһ֮£ʧôŰң
û뵽㾹Ȼôҽ㣬Ǻǣ㻹湻Сġɶ΢Ц˵
˭ǰɱˣһҧʮ¾ʲôֵġжϳǰɶַҲΪ֮һɡ
ǺǣˣҽΪģϢһʱ䣬ָ¾Ϳʼڻͬһ㣬Ҫһʧ롣ɶЦһգ֣
Ȼ֪ˣɶǻԪ֮˵Ԫ֮Ȼ΢ôһﰡַһʵ
ǻɶַһ۵˵Ԫ֮ҲÿʲôԪ֮ڰԪ֮Ԫ֮ռԪ֮ǿɱ֮˿ѡõõĻһĻ߻һܶùЩԪߡ
ԭԪлĴڡַ°͵˵ͷһᣬͻȻͳʵɶҵڣмֳɹİգ
Ҳ˵ãߵ˳УоҪˡɶһ˿ɫ
仰һʱ䣬ַˡ
ã̾˿˵ͷʼɣѾ׼ˡ
ַ֪кܶʣʱˣһ͵ģɡɶº͵˵
ַԾؿɶô֪ԼЩʲôѵ͵Լġ
ɶûʱشˣֻð׹⣬˫һϹ⣬ҲƮ棬ӷǳʥ
ôַֻһͷɶǰ˵ô򵥡
Ϲⷢҫ۵Ĺâѳɶַͷ
һɲ֪ʲַӵϹУַ̾Ϣһ˫ۣظоһǿů˳ͷ˫š
ůԽԽԽԽȣַܲסʱȻԼʲҲˣвҲĸоȴԽԽˡ
ͻȻ䡮䡯һԼʲôǿһĪĿռ䣬ռһƬڰʲôҲ壬޾ڰľͷƺһռһ㣬ȥΪء
񼸺ȥģǰһЩ㣬Ҳַȫ֮ǰƬڰһĴŹ硣
һɫĹʮҫۣƬռĴƮƵģȥԡ
ַһϹӭǻܣƺַЩ֮ģҪΪڤڤеһ˿ɵõľֹЩɡ
ǾǧĥУЩģַ֪ôԶʧȥɡ
Ϲ⽬ַΧţھ˼֮һðյؾٶΪһ֮ʧȥɣԸ顣
ٴһȦϹǲͣ䶯ת뿪⴦õЩĵط
Ҫ뿪꣬죬ȥ֮֮СȻ͵ϹҪ뿪˵֮ʱһַ
һһĨεĿϲӿУûκε˼ʱ䣬͵ĳײϹ⡣
䣡
ײɲǣַԴ֮УȻȻը죬һʹһѻ˿
ַܵԴҧܾʹ֮ʱͻȻһʱӿ
Ҳ֪˶೤ʱ䣬ʹļˣʸֻˡ
ˣˣǺǣںϵɶĵ˵ŶˣǸ㣬걬޸ĹˣһԼɲҪʶԼŶ
ôһ޷ݵʸУӹͷչַ鲻Խһȵı糴ӹ
һԼͷŶǿ
ҿ㡭ƺ˺ܶడ˸оȻһһ㡣ΧַתһȦɶɵЩصʲôĸо
ַվȭͷգĴһȭЦǳĸоǰδй
ȫһϢҸһڵʵɶ
ַ΢΢˵ͷţ˲֮һɽ֮ǰǿ˼ֹϢȻڱӿ
ף΢ַϢɶ΢Щüͷ׵ĵ֡Ϣƺǻ㾳ˣѵղŽˡ쳾¼ô
ôôһʱ𣬾ͽ˻ƪеڶƪһΣû뵽ȻˮɵĴﵽ˻㾳硣оɶƵһַæԼ˵˳
ôţȻ֮ʱʺе㲻ͬһ㣬Ҳûʲô󰭣ֻǽһʱúúùһ»ڵľ磬ˡɶ΢΢ü͵
ûʲô¾ͺáַ˿ģµļ£һúù̻һ㾳ġ
Լ׾ͺãһߣ֮·Ŀʼֻ˻ҪȫԼﵽߵľ磬·ء
ٺ٣ܳΪߣѾˣԺľ磬Լһȥġַ΢΢һЦϵŲװֵܳġ
һԣɶüͷһ΢ЦȻַⷬҲĸ⣬ϾߣɲǼ׵£治һġ
ʱַиоеǰ󣬻ǲţԼȻһˣתЩ
ԼûлԪػ겻ü׷ɱӣҲЩŭ
ͻȻϲѹֵͻȻȻЦۡЦˮ
ɶЦ޵ĿЦһ˲ɣЦģ
ûûУɶһʲᰡַĲȥᣬæתƻ⣬һй˶
ûʲô£ڤ룬ľɡɶһʯҡ
Ҫ̣ʼ磬ַ


50 
Ĺӣһȥ
ַʱϲط֣ڻӯǰȶĹҲѾڡ
֪ԼĻ㾳ѳȶֻú֣ԼһЩĻҳ
֪һ붨ȶ磬Ѿµʱ䣬̥ǵĹЧ
Ա㣬Ҫйȴ־ģӻȡǿƤƣȴΪֲľ֣󶼿зգٷһ󣬺۴һźɫĻ棬ֻʱѾãǺģˡ
ַϸһƣֻźɫ·һС֣棺ؼһּΪ񱩵Ļ棬ƽѵԵˣҲѽ֮Ϊá
ȵΪѰҡ桯һյĵط꣬һ̣ȴǲ֮ճɻҽºֻ֪沢ȡġ
棬ȴΪãϧѽϧСһ㵭ɫۼǡѪۡ
浽ʲôãȻЩϲ̾ϢٿУȴЩڲϧ֮ԣַüֻ澹ȻЩϼһôôĸ̾
ַȥͻȻɫ䣬Ϊʲô治ΪãЩ˻ᷢ˶̾ˡ
ַֿ꣬пϲȻ⡰ꡱҪһ¾ˣһʱͻͻֱ
һᣬֽЩֿһ󣬺΢Цֺɥ
ԣŷٵӻ裬Ԫػ칦ЧַȻǻҲԪػ꣬ͬ飬ҲһԪػһתĶ
ȻܽԪػƷʣпҲԽƷʡ
Ʒʣַֻ쾳磬ȻﵽвԼˣѾˡ
Ǹ磬һԼôУӦû֮˰ɡ
ɵһ뵽治Ϊãͷʱͬˮм鶼ˣȻʹǳҲǿˡ
ȻǶ棬Ǹûϣˡ
Ļ澹ȻĻʯҳ̾˿ᵽЩĵʱľˣƤϵĹļأ̲סҪ̾һ
ζȻ̾˿ڵϣԺ䣬Ƥϣһιڡػƪ롮ƪӳǰ
ַҲû⣬ΪЩӵ˫˫Ԫػ׼Ĺֻӵһ꣬ȴֻ˻ƪʲôػƪ롮ƪģҲȫòϡ
ǡƪĹе࣬ӵ˫˫ԪػţǰѵһӵԪػˣҲû˵㲻ЩϲΪʲôҪϸƪĳǳԱ˓ˡ
ַڵϣƤãжЩӵ˫˫ԪػˣеʼˣԼһԪػ궼ûУЩһȴô룬Ҳе㲻ƽ⡣
ʶ壬ֻϹڵﴦţַͷ΢ҽһΪһΪ֪ܲܵʹãͱ٣һͷȴôҲء
΢΢ԥһᣬһҧ۾ɨػƪϣӵ˫Ԫػ˲Ĺûĸ룬šػƪһȥϵػƪһ㡢ڶķˡ
ҲŹתʹ㽫ϹһΪҳɹˣַΪȣû뵽Լ뷨ȻеͨһѰ˼ƪֻҪƪһɣǽΪǰӵ൱ˡ
ַпϲ䣬Ȼ벢ûԼô򵥣ػƪҲ̫ˣһʱͻͻֱ
ô룬۾ˡƪܶʱһõ̫ܵ˻һЩͻ鲻Խȥ
ַɡ˻ƪ롰ػƪһֻȫ޲ָ⣬ռգһȫƾ֮ûûʲô
һʱ֮䣬ǿѹеЩɣűˡƪһķһʱڶ㡣
ǡƪڶķİ֮ȡأƪڶķһʱ֮ʵԾ⡣
Ҳʱˡ
ֻʱַ͵Ѫ죬ȴ׵ķ⣬Ҳϲͷ֮ϣǲѪ˿


51 귴
֮͡ϣһССѪȻѶѪʶ
ַʪѪ֮ɫȥ׺ཻޱȡ
ݻҧţǹͻľʹõ뵽ֻܰڵĴ
ĽҧأַĽЩѿҪɢΪɫΪ֪һ껯Ϊ㣬ôͽ׵ʧȥꡣ
ӶҲʧȥ˳ΪߵʸҪΪĲˣôҲû뵽֣Ȼʹ֮ɢҲԸġ
ۣһľʹʹ̲סֱһѪ˳ȥϵѪУЩɫ㡣
ʯ档
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Ȼڵɶʯʱһɿ񱩵͵ʯ֮бӿżգɶǿͣڰ֮Уɿ񱩵ãȻǷҵʯ֮ڡ

ʯ֮Уһ˻żŭƣ˳
һɽ֮ǰӿֲȻϯ
׷ʲô¡̺ʹ˻ɶɫʱǱüΪѿɫâѸٸ壬Ȼǿнʯ֮С
ڵϣɶĿ⼱æɽɨͫ΢ͣڲԶ˫Źأ˫ֱͷȫɢϹꡣ
ַôˣԽԽҰ׵ɫɶһû뵽Լһ᲻עȻͷ˾ޱ䡣
ɶ졭Ҫɢˣַҧشӽݷ϶д˳
ⲻɢҪûΪռ塣ȫѪַɶ΢ŭһŭȣң͵Ķַȥ
䣡
ɶ֮ڵϵַȻһǵصɫڱӿȻɶϯȥȻƾӴ֮
Ҷҳ֣ɶһС΢һɿֲ˲䱩ӿǣַ֮ϵɫ棬ʱѸٵĳɶС
ԽԽɫ汻ɶɣַ֮ϵɫ棬𽥵ļٹðʱ䣬һɫ棬ǳ׵׵뿪ӡ
һɫ뿪ַȻһȫʱƣĵȥڱʯ֮ϣǻһĨǳǳЦݣ΢΢ţٹһᣬߣȫĺڰ
һﵽʲôȻ˷ɵĻᡣһԣһֱַɶƵ仯󣬵΢΢һ૵û뵽ַ󣬾Ȼһ˿ԣҺ÷ּʱȻǲ롣
ſƣ˿ҪԼѵɫߣɶ΢΢üаâһ˿ԵϹԶɢˡ
˵ڵϵַۣɶָ㣬һº͵ڣϵ˺ۣҲۿɼٶȺת
˹Ƭַ̣΢΢ǻ˿ʱɶǴƬµĴ۰׹⣬õ΢΢۾
ôУŵŭڶ
΢΢̧ͷƵһɶַͷЦŵ˵ͷ˴ӣ΢һᣬǸǺ˰ҵ׷ʲô£
ԼʲôѵԼôͲҪװɵˣ̽һ꣬ʲô仯ûСɶδֱӻش𣬷
˵ͷƽһַ֮ѸٵĽ״̬
𽥵ĳڡ
һַ΢𽥵ĳڡ
ӣΪܹյһܣ˵һЩʵǿߣӲԶڵָƣҲ̽Ѱ͸
ɿĴȻѸٵСλôţʱǲҪСɫţٶȸУһɨַɫͻȻһ䣬ʲô˼Ķ
΢΢ԥһᣬСλ֮ɫڲ澹ȻһƴСף״壬ȻµһĻַĿɿڴ֮С


52 Ӥ
ֻ״ϣһԼӤ˷ܻЦ֮ɫ״ϷˣӤװۣ׹壬òվȻַһ޶
һӤƺˣЩˣ˸ǷСַ˺󣬾Ȼ״ϣ˯
ַľһУ﷭˾ξˣ૵Լֻһ꣬ôŪһԪӤĶˡ
ַһæ鿴ͷֵȻԼһֺһͣڵﴦһȴǵһȴǵѨ֮УҲǸԳôһһӤ
ַϸĵķЩӤĶͷϸɫ֣СǸӤͷϵǡ䣻ǰǸӤͷϵȴǡ
ȻԺǸӤͷȴʣƾַôϸҲƲԼԼҲֻƲǰһǸ족֣ںǸȴҲ塣
ǰַŻƲʲô˼ĿǾߣطܾǷߣҲ˵Լ൱ӵ˫䷨˫޵Ļˡ
Ǹ֣ǸôҲַ֣Ҳôˣ⡾쳾¼ȻأԼ֣Ȼ޳Ӥ¾׹ˣҲ벻ôɣ
ﵽ㾳Ҳֻ䵤ﴦһƶѣԼã澹Ȼ˸Ӥ
ϸһΪȷǲС˵˵ԪӤַһȻӤȴü󣬶ָʾҲˡ
ȻˣַȴǲϲȻԼڵӤС˵˵ԪӤƣԼȴǿ϶ԼڵСһﲻԪӤ
ԪӤǿԳղžǶСһ﷢˳ϵȻСһȴһ㷴ӦҲûУ˵СһﲻԪӤˡ
ΪʲôԼСһСһĳֵǻǺãǶԼԺЩʲôãַҲǺͿĺܡ
һ뵽Լ֣ղŲСûˣӤô飬ҲȻˡ
Ӥ¾Ȼڸ㲻ףǾȶһˣ˻ϣ¶ףǲǲܵģַԸǼšֻҪʱ뿪Щþͻȱ˿ġ
Ӥ֮ģȴתƵ֮ϣעһַĵ˵ͷȻڵ֮ǰ̺࣬ҲˣҲû⣬ֺ󣬳ֵıȻ
ָоڵʵ֮ǰǿ˲١
ͬʱƣַͷ΢΢һɫĻѸٵĴзȻ˳ںһԼָӿȥ
񲻶ϵĿƵ£ԽԽְַ֮ͣľٶ񻺻˳ڡ
յ˫էȻڵͫУɫĹâͣʮ󣬷ɢ
£ǿ˶١ַһһƸʯҵǽڡ
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ڵԼʵ֮ͬУһӦǴпܰ
һƹվһ΢ţһЩǵ壬ַһ˳³ɫԵĸԹࡣ
ţһʵͻȻ˲ٰ㵽׶Щʲôڸ˵˵ɶɻĿַĵ
ַɫĿɶһۣԼҪҪԼ֣൱ӵˣˣֽԼԺɱﵣԼһ֪ͺˡ
ɶַβ˵Ϊʲô֮С̣˵ˣԺǵãҪʲôԼûյ£֧һʡõʱˣ֪Ϊʲô
ġַٺһЦͻȻڵɶ֪ô
˵ʲô桯ѵ㻹⣿ҲճɻҽɶƽСϣ¶һĨ£ȴǺȻһתֶ˵̫ңɼˣ˵ѵһֻ֣棬Ҳؼ䣬ӵǻ棬ӴһϢһǧټ
ӵʶַ°ͳ˼䲻Ϊã¾ӵǰɣ֮ֻҪԲȥ˾ͲɣҪȽ֮ѱĸԸֿɢȥǣ֪ܲ
ȻһĻҲɽ˷ٻΣҲǼߣʶ֮ֻҪ뵽취֮ܽһԼһԡַͷЦֻҪӵֻ棬꣬Ʒʣ˶Եʱ˾ֶΣͬȼǿߣֻҪһһŻҡ
ɶַɵЦ飬֪ʲôˣεҡҡСԴ


53 Ǳ
ɶʯɨһ£һӣǾͷ׵ĹǺԼǰ
ͻȻ׹һһźʮذɫ棬ӿسɶϿգһشصĻϰգɢ
׵ָʰһʹǺĶ֮С
ʹǺոմȾϰɫ棬˲䱻ճһͷ׵Һ壬Һڻ֮лɫع
ɶʲôɫ淭ڵԽԽңȻһԵַȴǹķ֣ɫ֮ĿԽԽ䣬̲סɻ
ڲҪʣȻȻ֪ɶȫעĿл棬Ļ˾䡣
ڻ¶ĳ֮ͷ׵ҺУȻһտɫҫ۹塣
ͷҺгֵĽտɫҫ۹壬ɶ΢Цһ£ָ΢ᵯһСŰɫְŽտɫĹĴҺз˳
ЩտɫĹҺ½½ĳһЩССĽտɫ壬Ҳȫһıɶ˳
ʹǺڰɫĲУ٣ɶĽտɫ壬ںһҲĴָС
һǺϺɶһֽںϺĽտɫ嶪ַĵŰɣղԪ̫࣬дá
ַСĽĽӹտɫ壬е㼤ѾտɫʲôˣⲻǷҳ˵Ӱɡ
ǷҵõɮȫŲ˼칦ЧãֻӲȻ˵Ľϲܵôֱ
ַһ̧ͷɶϸܲСҲ֪ɶֶҲ쳣ѡ
ַǳмɶǹǱһȫ̲Ų˼ڵӦǼġ
ǱӣţĽзͬɣһַ̧ͷɶлл㣬ɶ
ɶ΢΢һһ΢ЦллǺǣûǴ⻹һζ˵ллְɣ
ӦòǵһΰɣַЩεĺٺһЦת˸ƽĵطһеĹǱ
űԲĹǱַ΢΢һ񣬾ȻᵽһĿ㣬촽ԼȻֽ֮е
ǽһĹǺһŻæ֮е뷨ӵȥˡ
㣬ѵԼѩˣ뻻ζѱˣСүҲͷ԰ɣУȥСүҲĻˣ취ȥаȥҲʵźã
ʼ磬ַȻһĨЦ⣬Щĵɶ㿴Ѿ㾳磬ΪˣǲǸҳȥˣ
ԣɶ˷ۣƮ˹Уַǰ£΢֣صĿڵٸһΣĹûг·ģȰ㻹ǰӰɣ
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ɶ߳ʯҺ̾Ϣҡҡͷַɬĵѵûгȥ·Ҫһӡ
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ұΪ㻹Ҫʯһᣬųȥ֮ˣû뵽ôͳˡǰɶַȻô𣿻ɱң
ɶͻȻĮģЩַе㲻Ȼʵɱ㣬ܳȥ𣿡
ɱңȷܹȥҵûҪƭ㡣ɶ
ɶٴοڳɱԼͿԳȥַӲһɻҳȥɱ㣬ʲôϵ벻֮ʲôϵ
źĸ㣬ȥΨһķ֮ʲôϵͲ֪ˣڵɱҡɶ
ЦһַҡҡͷεĵҾɱı£Ҳɱġ
ʼ磬תͷѩɽȥԭֻԼȥɶʲôϵеѣɴû뵽Ҫɶ
ôѵ㲻ȥ㲻˵ú𣬶µΪֻҪǿУҲԱͲɱ𣿡ַɶĬ˰ε
ٺ٣ֻôһȥ֮Ǿͬһɣַν˵
ɶתַһ£ʵ㣬㡭ô˶ΪĿģֶεġ
˵껰󣬳ĬеɶַҲһĨӵɫ֮̾ɶѵУҾһ𣿡
ǵġɶԥ˵
Ц΢΢һַüͷһԭɶһֱ󣬰ͻȻ˺ʧܰһ䡭һֱûкøУ
ַпհһɶ΢Щ죬죬κ󷽲ûС
˵ֺɶһţһץסַĸ첲ֱڿնסȥַƺЩ


54 ɫ
ַɶصסʯҺɶֽһɫ߶ַӵкַ΢΢üͷɶǸʲô
ӣ㻹ҪºɲҪڣɶһ
ڣҿҪ˲Żˣһ˵ĶҲ̫˰ɣ˿еɫߣַе㲻
ͻȻ̧ͷɶǹɫͻȻѵһô򵥣ַգգۣߵʲô
ʲôһߡɶνĽŵȴ˽׵Ļġ
ۣȣȣַһû˳һǵϺ죬˺һŻе㲻˼˵Ǹ
ǿӦһ˽λɣ̬һǷֵ̬״ǹ̬ʱΪóһɫޣ㽫Լɣɶ˵һ䣬Ӱʧ
еߣַôҲ벻Ȼһڻַ֪һġ
ߣԪߵʵﵽǼ󣬻߾ͻӵ֮ԪҲӵԪ֮ס
ʱһ㶼Ὺʼڴ½һĥԼһѰϣԼҵһƻĲϡ
ȡĲͬƷҲвͬһΪ˻ػȼÿһȼַΪ½׶Ρ
½ԼӵһԺ
½ҪҵƻĲϣֻһǾǡѡ
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ǺǣãȻСүʰôˡַٺһЦ뻳УȴһҲ֮ˡ
̧ͷɶѾʧͨкַҵһʯͷ󣬱ȡе߱
ãַ۾һֻһһߣȫγɵ߱㽫Ӱ
ȻáַĴЦУһ׶ߵߣɢÿһſҲģַҲ档
ȻͳöǱһͻȻɶʯҵⶫôð
Уȥ洫֮ûˡ
Ҫԣϲͷǲе㡭нĹǱַһЦٴǹĿ㣬һգû˿ɣһڽ֮С
Ǳһڣı֮ɢƬ֮һȵľֱӴгڣʱַ͵һ
ʼܴ԰׵ҲָƽҵĺҲ𽥱ƽȡ
һǱһΪӦɿУɢɢСһǱһйâţһ˱һݹǣϴ
ˣַһЦǽǱеȫԼܿλľɡ
뵽ַ㲻ڹܹǱ£Ƶߵʯ
˫ַںϣɶȻ˵ֻҲܳȥȻ֪ʲôԭ򣬵ɶ˵ʱģʮа˾
ĺ˿ַ̾ϢɶҲǲģֲܳȥѵҪ
̾ϢһַվȻ벻ӳȥȥһЩԼṦɣλҲǷǳҪġ


55 ֮
ҲַÿҪǱ˴ôһյĵط֪ԼܳȥǻϾµһĹ򣬿ǲܳȥҲȻ
ַײĲƢͶ·ʱ˭ҲҪżΪߺ󣬵Ӧúûˡ
뵽ַ̧߳ʯңɶΪ׼ѵרȥ
ãĹؿռ䣬ڰŴأȻҲʱйâںڰ˸ȻԽĹԽԵù졣
ĹһƬߵƽԭڣֻǧΧһԲȦԲȦʮɭϡ
ȻЩΧԲȦߵǶתͷһ
𣡡һʿͷʱȦʼƶתۼ¶һȱڣƬ̣һӰԶؼٱ۹˲ͨȱڽȦС
Ȧĳַָһ飬໥顭λ飬ȫϣƮݲʮ㣬ַܾеһɡ
󡫡鷢һĽѼһƹĳַ˹˵ĳƣڿʱʱ֣˲׽
ȻַѾϰĹʽϲûʲô졣
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ַһһδʵַеĽŴ˸
Һһ£ǰȪӿֱðǰ͸ϡ
ǰԼ죬׽飬û뵽ôĲһˣΪߺ󣬸оȻһˣٺ٣Ҫ׵ĺľڤ֮䲻սҪķһֽءַߺ߱Уһ㣬鵹µĵط
Ȼ֮䣬еһ󾢷ѹ壬ַһػعӣǰֻոյµڵϵشŴһַһ͸űѻָ
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ﬣ
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͡һŻǹʿеĳǹڱŷһж׸ߵǹͷƾճ֣ƵɭǹȻռΧ¶ȶ½˲١
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ȴǺʿеĳǹ뽣ӰһӴȫɢˣʿĺҲϷ飬ٽֱ÷顣
ʿȻַĵװΪԼһѾںˡ˫꣬ǽʿҲǴ´࣬û뵽ǻһֻ۰
ֻ͡ʿͱ۰򴦣һɺðѻָֻǱ֮ǰƣȴ½˲١
ãַȴ˷һЦеسȻ̶ֱǽַ㽫Ľ˻
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ȻԼֻս㾳磬ֵַʶ֪ȴǱһǻ߶Ҫ࣬ڼϴʱɶҲûԼϢǰʿϳʱȺеһ˿
ʱ㲻ϢܵʲôУھƬ̺󣬴ɶĵ
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ΪʱɶɫȻôȲ˿ǲӵгҵʵɱңóȥ
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ַüɶԵŮ˵ȡ˳ԲԼ취Ĳźá
˼еַɶüͷ壬ҧҧӣƬ̣ȻôǷôĻ
ɶҲʲôǲˡַĪĻػȴõɶ˲
ɶȻɫһ䣬ַ֪˵仰󣬽ʲôٶæַˣ
ѾˣַٺһЦ˵
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ĹϿնʼһ͸عοʼĹϿճ֣͸عηΧʵ̫ˣĹصĺܶ鶼оˣʱɧ
ᣬԸ׳һ飬ԱŮӡɶΪ֤֮ģֳַڡ
ݣԭޱߵĺڰĹأռ侹Ȼѿһѷ죬һɫĹ߼ٴѷ
ǰɫߣһĨĲֱӴĹأȫַڣֳַİɫâ֮֡


56 ¶
ǹɰɫַ߽ڣһĿַ꣬ɫߺȻҪַ굱ȥ
֮һַںϣַҲ޷ԵһҲֻнԼĴʡ
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һɼֱܵӴַ޳Ӥ³ֱַͨӳַԺУȻֱӽġˣջȻɵٶȼ仺Ҳֻʱ⡣
Ȼʱɶȴǲַ֪ڷһ仯ĿɿڴĿַһС
ַȻתɫ㵵ɶȴǽҧ촽Բģַ΢΢һЦӦҲû˵İɣ
ͻȻ仰ɶû׼һ֮ϲٺȴȻֻɶ˵ΪʲôҪôĳȥˣ㡭
ûɶ˵ַ꣬ѾĻΪʲôôǺǣΪ˼Ҳ֪𣿷ǲȥġ
ַ˵֪˼ɶɲǼ˫κ죬˼Ƭ̺漴ᶨ˵ɵϣ㾹ȻҶ⣬Ϊʲôҵȥˣ
ɵ𣬺Ǻǣɶ֪һǲܺԼϲһô㽫еҫͲƸȵҹλأ޷ʱҲͬᡣַͻȻƺ˵ѵ֪Ҳ𣿡
ҲңɶַһЩһֱѹֵеɶһ˲ȴҲƲס͵ַ˸滨꣬ذ
ַɶķ۱ĬĬĳܺİοõйɶ
һַ૵ĺñ֪ˣ㽫ĹسȥΨһ֮ңƽʱֶʱʱȣģӦǿװİɣ֪㰮Һ󣬲ɱ㣬Ҿ޷ȥˣȴǲ֪ԽǶ䣬ԽȷˣǰҵģֻĲţҾʲôã㰮ˣ
ַ˵һ䣬ɶСͺһ֣ãָɶҸַļϣڿֱַĿ󣬲ֺߵĵͷ
Ĭ˺һַɶӵСӱܵɶʲôʱϲҵģ
ԵɶǾȣһڵҲ֪֮ȡҵ֮󣬾ͳӣӰ
ȡǣʲôʱ£ôַ֪Ȼɻѣǰıɶ
ɶ̧ͷַһۣһСɵͿռҵһ˲䣬ѵûзʲô쳣𣿡
ڸռһ˲䣬ûʲô쳣飬ڼʱҵʱо˷һԴĶˣˣôûô㣿üͷһ壬ַ૵
ҽ㣿ɶ¶һ˿Цݣһֻ۵С֣䣬ץַƣѵΪĹУҽô
ʲôˣͻȻ䣬ַʲôǲ쿴ɶ㲻ң㱾һ˰ɣ
Сڲſ΢΢еʧˣʱڳԡͻһ˳ĹУһʱ治ѣһȴʧأԼûüӦ䣬ȡһҵǡ
Ҿôȡһǣַһ˼ɶ˵ǲеˣ
֪ݾͲôΪˡȻ̾˿ɶŵ𣿡
壿ʲô½鼮ûع°ַʵҲһ𣿡
ţɶĴӦţضĻʱڣžĻпܳ飬Ϊһµ
ɶʲô飿ַ֪ɶǾ˵ȥˡ
ңӦĹɣԴʶһֱĹ֮СɶҲеããȻ
˵ЩҲ㱻ȡ֮еԲ·ַЦ
㼱ʲôһûˣ֪һŽеۣۿžܳɹһǡǣһʱ⣬ȥɺ˼ˣʱֲ֪Ӧô㣬ֻøһҲ㿴ǸŮɶݺݵĵַһۣһԷȭַ
ֲ˳һģһԭһˡַһңԼʱ͵ɶԡҪȡɶһǣɶ˰ɣ
ɶص㣬ͻȻַܵɶķȭҪ֮ʽ
ȻۣżַܿͣܲһֱôȥɣһַòСֵĹֽе
һַ⻰ûҪַɶȴȻĴؿһַ
ַò׽סɶе㲻ݵȭͷЦɶȡһǣǺ֪飬˵Ҳ㷢ģӦ㳶ƽɡ
ɶַĻͣ󣬾Щˣ鲻ԽԴ
ôˣַɶͻȻ˸е񣬲֪ʵ
ɶɬЦЦ̾ҷģϵˣǽΨһĹص·𣡡


57 һ
İɣ޾֮·һܳȥģʱһ½º¶ĺܣһһģַ΢ЦŰο
ɶӵʶ֮ʱڹĹ֮гֹˮ֮£Ȼ޴񣬴ʱַһᣬ糱õͷ
һ뵽Ĺص̾Ҳǲܳȥ㲻֪ĹĹΪ˷ִ˵أ˴󣬽ֵŽƣײһأ
ͬǳĹַҲֻ̾Ϣһ֪Լɶһ·ĳ·е㲻ܣԲġ
̧ͷ˿ĹϿջҰգɶСԴַȻЦղŴһͦ۵ģǻȥϢɣϢ󣬲źҳȥ·
ͦĵģѵ취ȥɶ̧СԴʵ
Ժ֪ˡɶ˼۾ַԼеɶЦȦΧȥŰ۵ɶ
ѵгȥķܰҪô֪ܲϾĹص˽⣬ӦûûһܱȵҰɣеһ㷢ɶ̧ͷ૵
ַѾԶַĹгʲô⣬ɶæȥ
ɶصʯҺַʯ֮ϱֻʯ֮Ϻȴǽ˫ǰڳƣŻ΢һһ䣬γһѭϢѭ䣬İɫ˳źڡ
ַĿ֮ʱɶַһҲ˫Ŀʯҳ
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һڵƣʱһǿĻ˲ӿ˳žס
ȡ
ַȭͷգصĸڵϣһꡱ죬ǰϳ˰Ķӡ
ԼĽַЦˣ֪Լڱǿĵ·ϣص̤һ
򵥵ڷչһЩĽȣ󣬼ɶѲʯ֮У̧߳ʯҡ
һ⣬ʯ⴫ɶȥ𣿻ȳԼѩȥɣ
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ɶȥʲô£̧ͷɶѾʧͨкַüŽʯ֮С
ٴνʯңĴ鿴һºԱߵʯڣ˵ʯͷʯͷį˶ַ̲꣬סˣɲҪʧ˲źð
˵Щ⿴ͨʯǽַʱʱһãöϸһ¡
϶˰죬ַʯеÿһطڴͷɥͣ
ʯгɶƿǸʯûκεĽڣȴɵĽʯңַܾطе֣ԲŻҪɶ´һΡ
ϣеʲô֣ҵȥ·͸ˣҲַġ
ȻַѾطÿһСʯӶˣȴûһ㷢ַ֣벻֮ͨǰôġ
ܲɶһҲǽǽڴİɣ˵ǽϳɶǸ⣬ûڰ
˵Ը񣬷ӦöһְɣĪ潫ﲼóһн޳ľأѵͲ·⣬ԼҲô
뵽ַͷƣʯһɢĳʯҿСǰأһɹɻӿ
ַԷſģʯ˽̳ͦʽһʯ֮Уֱû
һַһ⼸Ϊٽÿ죬Ҳ޿һʯڣֱûϾʯڵĿֲ֮ǰǳԹġ
ַһһа˳ϵʱеʯʵֻһ㣬ð粻ǿմʯڱ˶˾ǿն
һַ֣ʱĻϲЦҾ˵ʯǬȻСүЩϼһνˡ


58 ʯҾ
ַҲԼ֮ǰΪʲôûֵ£ὣһ̣žһһڳΪأԭһλ㣬ʯҲ޷͸
ʯͷ̺İһ䣬ַ۾ʯһתʰһͷ׶ʯȥʯ׶ʯںлȻкܴĿտ֮
ַңͻȻ䡰顱һ죬ʯҳһСĴ׶Ҳһʱûȣʯڣڱ˶˵£á顱֮׶ס䡣
ûиſտַ֣һ䣬ٴʯУʰһ󴸣
飡ңҲ£ʯһףԴѿɴӶ룬ַʯںȻж죬ʱ㽫ʯʱǻھ⡣
ʯϵĶҵôЩֻڰޱȣַϰ˺ڰˣҲе㿴壬޷ַֻûȡһ¹ʯ꽫ȥ
ͻȻǰʲôƶַδֻ꣬ԼǰͻȻԼ˵վǽַϡ
ַһ˳߰˳ߣͻȻȫһ亹ڶͣĶֻԼǰ澹Ȼվһˡ
ĵطͻȻһˣַȫĺëȻµˣʱ˿̣Ҳܲˡ
ͻȻǰһɳƮζַһҲûҲڶΣ̲ס˸磬һǰͻȻ˷ۻҷ衣
ٿѲֻʣһǼܣһ˵ĹǼܡ
ҿˣСүΪԼųʲôˣԭֻһ·áַ˿૵
ǹǼ˵ģַشǰһ󻹵ʯ֮ϣ쵰ȴСүҺһǲӦá
ַһŽԼǰĹǼɢ˽ȥ
һ·¹ʯĹâֻͨʯʮֹ⻬絶жһ㣬ԱҲһƬƬкۡ
Щۼַ΢һ˼ɵôˣһ·ȥǽĺۼ¾ѣԭ׵ģһǰһֲĸְ
תһ룬ҲģӦǱڽʯ֮УͼҶǹһֻ磬Ȼ
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ϸһպжʮǼܣⲻɵַ뵽ؾϵǶʮλ֣ԭǶ
¹ʯɽıڲ쿴ֻɽɴͻһʯǸƽ̨ƽ̨֮ҲһǼܡ
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ܻǰǸʯ˰ѽ𵶣˻ýСĵһ¹ǺûʲôӦŷĵ߽ȥʹǼƿ
ƿǼ֮ϸһȻĵطصĻ֣һŵӫ⾧ʯ
ַһ۾鵽龧ʯʰкϸ̽һ侹ȻһϢħ
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ӣǸӣӦ˵Ƿ񣡡ֱ󣬾Ȼֱһͽʯ˻С
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֮£Ը˻Ԫػˡ쳾¼üɡ
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Ϊһӵ˫ˣһ⣬ͼѳεˡ£ʱ漣ˡ


59 Ī
ˡĿȫΪȻֱӱͬʱ֢Ҳʼ֣Ϊˡ˫꿿ԽоѪͷϻɢŹɹɷɷֱӰ꣬˯
ڵʱһæˡڵŷ˿ˡһֿΪֻصԭˮƽ
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ַǾӨ͸Բգգ۾ͻȻǼʲôæܻǰǼʯҡ
ǷǰǺ΢΢ƿԱ߹ȻҲһľӨԲ顣
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ֱԼʮֿ϶ûʲôַСĽӣŽ˶ӦС׵С
Ȼˡһ
ЩͼʱϹǣſ
龰ַһ㶣һĨЦ⣬ǻƬ֮ԽԽһ˿ЦҲ˴ЦЦСүڿԳȥˡ
ɢɫâúַƽ֮ϵϲüΡ
洺ַҪȡϲѶɶʱͻȻоΧľƺģ硰Ĳϻϣƺڸƶ
͵ģַ˹ȷڸƶɲԼƶͻȻ͵ͼһɼ˹ȥ
ͻȻַɫúѿԼ뼫ĵֵ֮ʵ̫ǿˣԶַֿܵģתۼ㽫ַɫâ룬ת
תͷǵַᰡôᷢˣַҲû뵽ġ
ͣͣүвͣ°ַһͱһӵĿ磬ֻĵ׿𣺡ͣ£ͣ£ͣҵɶûĲ߰
⴫˻һҵҡУЯַһǺַӰâȻӰ


60 ħɭ
һƬïܣޱ߼ɭڵϿգƮƮ΢ϰϰһԵô
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ֻϹһһɢһӰƾճ֣һҽУֱֱĵһ·ꡱϣľӦѹ˲١
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ڻǰһɲͷǡ쵰û£ҪͿŰɺСүˡ
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䰵ַǿԼܶĵģӦûʲôڣַһɣһ̧ȾҪվ
һֻŸոȥ;һת˫һ˵ϣַ֪ͺĺ֢û⡣
һ󣬻ַָһʣĹ·ɶҵңҲֻһӳĹأĵúܣǺð
˫֧ãţǡ
ˣɶ飬ֻܵʵˣٴĹأ취ˣһʱȻ֨֨Ĺַվ
ǡַ¶˳Ծ֮ɫֻһȥǱ̵֣һͷӡ
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ħɭֿħ޵԰ΧҲʱħ޳ûһСģܾ͵û
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ħħĽᾧ壬ħ޵ȼԲͬγɴСɫͬħˣûߣԪõȡ
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ħɭޱ޼ʡ
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Ҷ䣬һƬɵĻҰɫֻܿһɵӰӡ
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ֲ֪ڶɽ֣Ӳݡܼʱħ޳ûҪӣҪСүħȺϸ۲ħɭַ֣Ҳɵͷһ
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̽⡭߼ܣΪԽԽߣ̽ľҲԽԽԶ
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ףԼϷ겨ǿ̫СֻͨҰޡַ¶һ˿΢ЦСǰȥ
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ҪԼùǸգһСײһֻĻܵΧһȦĸ߼ħޣǵùʮħȺԼǿ޶ûˡ
ħɭɽֵУܼĹҶеζסˣֻżһЩˮ¡
ַħɭֵһʱ䣬Ҳ֪ħɭΧӦ㲻ΣգȻԼǾԲðյġ
˫΢΢˾ƮݵرԾʮ߰׸ߴ辣ַСĵسԶȥ
ףǰֻáλʱȫһģĵâһ󼲷ɵǰƮݶȥ;оȻûһ졣
вרܣΪԽԽߣٶҲԽԽ죬ԶС˵ЩṦܱġ
ﵽܱߺַԼϢÿ
ȵҪתұʱַ͵ĴӲһԾ
þתͷʱַ˻֮Ѿ˷õԴʱعͷķ͵һſڣֻһɫķַȴַʮˡ
ݷĹͷͷѾѣԽͷѷ͸лϳ͸Ѫ֫ز¾Ͳٶˡ
ʮҵˣȡõħˣַ˷ܵ
˿ѾҪɽϦԼĶӡ
ַãԼĲ룬ħɭֱԵȥ


61 Σ
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Ǿζû뵽ħ޵ôأԼְӵտߣܿζֲħ涼мУֻЩλʿлƷַһŶӣһߴű
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ϾٴҲħɭܣɭֵɭ죬İ龰һļƤ
Ҫ֪ǮȻܵģûǮܡĵԼŲᵽˡַҲеԹ
ҹһƬڡ
ħɭɻ䲻ϵķ죬ʹ㱻ħ޷֣ʹʲô죬ҲҪ뿪ԭء
ַԼܽľ顣
ַһøߴʮ׵ϾţҲʱʱĲϸ
ֱһֱ˶СʱҲûһֻħ޴Ƭ򾭹ʱַƽʼ
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Ȼַˡ
ַħ޾Լµ¸ã㱳Լɵİٴγˣħɭȡħ˵ó̡
ַѾƻˣħɭֻ죬󲻹ȡ˼ħˣȫѰҳ·뿪
ϾƾԼڵʵħɭֵΧҲһðյ£΢СľͿܶԼ
ħɭӾһĹȥ

ѾԼħɭֵĵˣȻֻȡĿħˣǻλħ޷õħˣһǻмħ޻漦ħˣһǻλħǵħˡԼҲǲӦóȥأϾĿħҲЩңԼһʱأˣȻ֮ǰƻ˴죬ڴһɣûԵÿħˡһŸСݵַһĬĬ
ޣַ³˿еСݣվĴȻѡһȥ
˻ԶһĻַɵһ
ַɴһ˫۾Լǰ
ֳѪҲ̶ãŮ˵ʬǰʮ״˵ʬ廹ûôãʬ屻ҧ̳ԵĺۼǳԣҰ׵ͷǸһЩɫسŲš
ַɫףҲϢˡ
Щ˵ʱӦò졣ַǿеĲʣ߹ȥϸ۲һ£˽һЩ˵ôġ
˾Ϊ͵һӦõ˻㶥ˡ
Ҫֻ֪ħɭֵΧЩħɱģħ޾̫ˣ벻ڵԼԸ˵ġ
ϸ˿˵ʬؿಿλ·϶һ۵ѪԼûĻӦǱɱģǱͬһɱġ
ڵʬԶ㣬ҲǱ˵µģ䱳˰ѽȻ˴ӱ͵ϮһĶġ
ԼµĲӦɱģǸʬԶһɱ
ֺ󣬿ǶԼַ̫ˣûעлһû͸Լֺתһɲǣ⻹û͸˴ӱ͵Ϯһġ
ΪʲôҪɱֻҪǵץŵǸӾ֪ˣ϶ǡ
̰ģ
Ϊ̰ģħɭеһЩҪɵĵõħˣɱħɭб˵ȷǿݵİ취
ַ߹ȥǸӣֻͨڣǸƤƵĴӡ
򿪴һַɵǰһʮħˣһһŻǼħ޵ħˡ
ַеԼڵš
һӵħ˷Լİ
ַԼҲˣħɭΣյĲֻħޣҲ൱Σա
Щַ͸ӵСˡ
ħɭˣҪԼȥģ취вͨˣֻҪ΢һ̰ĵˣԼϵЩħˣǵа


62 
ħɭֵһȥַȴǶԳȥ·û˿
һ磬ַɭеһϿ֮ǰ
δ߽һůĳʪϢȻ֪ʲôһ󣬵ħɭִϢһʮ顣
ںĵʹ£ַ̤Ͽ

Ȼ΢𶯵Ľ񲽷Ľַ࣬һֱӳԴϷ֮⿴ȥֻһߴģӰӳϱϿֵУɽһַĿꡣ
һ¥ߵӴһͬһĻɫۼףǴ׳ĸۼ׵֫رдβͣͬһѸ١
Ǻ͵һС챦ʯһĹ˫۸Ƕǰ·ǿлʱ̺ζİɫ
ַ˷·𱻲ȵβ͵èһȫһӽ
ǼλռħޡȻͬʱпռԵĿ
۾Ŀַϣŭصͺһɽּص
ͺХ
վϿȴϹ۲һĻַȻãԼȻҲûԼеĿ־壬һһ˿Ѫ뼤ѵԼǸսӣɲǸϰ
𡫣Ȼһŭ
ȻĻӿһӱ㲼ǰʮ׵Ŀռ䣬ǰľ͡ľϵرֱճɻҽ
ַæһʮɣſǰ
βȻɨֻҪӹЩֱӱҶϣһſŴ
ַҲβĹ̫ǿˣʯͷʯͷѣڴϴͶѣַֹĶĺ
ַֻҪԼһ¹ƾ㲻Ҳˡ
ַٴеؿſһһ˿Ĵ⣬ͬʱȫҲıһɹΣʹԼ۳һ㡣
С࣬Ҵҿأ͵ҵĿɡȫͻȻɢ񱩵ϢŴ޻ţľһţһɫĻƯڰС
ɲǼ仯Ϊһ磬ڵַȥ
ַһ˾ɫһ䣬룬ɫȫϵİâǵ缸ͬʱ塣
顱һʵʵ̫ˣһ죬ַӰΪһӰ׷˳ȥ
Ȼֻһ磬һʵȴ֮𣬶ħ޵ʵһﵽǾ磬ῪǣҲ֡
ϣԽսһֲܵ¡
οħ޵սͱͬڵǿһûʲô
һᣬַֻȻһѪȻŷĴ󲿵ֲ֮£ܿһ໹ˡ
ޣ˫ۣŵؿַİɫ֣û뵽СӣȻڻ㾳磬ӵ˻ǿҲй¡
ϵĲǻǲܵģҲסһġ
ףôôħ˵ϢͻȻ䣬ǸӦʲôǿ񱩵Ȼ΢䣬һȻһŻڵħˣСӣʵնɱһЩħޣȡħʯпܣǿŻڵħˣô
һ꣬Ӵһ䣬ýȿڶµģһַ˵ӡ
һĻַ̾˿Ҫ֪ɽĵ̣Ǻٴ󣬳˽ţҲˡ
ܴܲŴģܷͶûСȥɡַ磬ɫ˿䣬ſ˵
Ŷȥ⵹ҲǲС·ַЦЦ
Ŀƺӣ֪ȥʲôַȻһȴ˿ֳĮʵ
ֻҪ㽫ϵħȫóңҾ뿪֪Σַһ˵㻰
ԭע⡣ַ¶һƬȻ漴ٺһЦſȴû˵ʲô
ô㲻Ը⣿ַ޶Եӣ޴ͫһĿһ
ˡѴ㻹ǶְɡһԷħ˵£ַҲûһڻؾˡ
ǲ֪ʲô⣬Լôħˣ´ڴУὫ֮ˣȽ֮Ū˵Ͼħ˶ħ޵ã˿С
ֻҪԼħˣֻϾͻڷԼ뿪֮£붼ûϾѵڵĶ˭׷ġ
Ȼˣȥɣŭһ
ϡ
ֲļХһռ֮д³ΪһɫĲӰֱַ
ͬʱһֱŻ˫ۺⶸȻʢͬһβٿػգҲַ˹
ôַ˫͵һŵ棬ͬʱȫ߶ڵĶƣˣֻΪһ壬˫ע룬һԾʮɣ֮յĶ˿¹


63 ս
䵽ϵַĹŴ
ٶ̫ˣҲĿ£Ǽħ޹Ȼ£Ǿ˫Եľ͸ӵĿ¡ַǿԼƽģµ
ͬʱҲ⣬ﵽڵ˫ħ޻Լ㾳ԸģǵϵĻǼħޣԼһսĿܡ
Խս½ֻһ˵䷨˫޵ĻҲսʤԼ߳һĵϵԪߡ
ҲֻͬԪУռˡ
κΣڵĿѾĶԼԼҪĿԿǺС
ַǲˣħɭֵΧһЩҰλħ޵ôֲֿħޣ
˵żʳ˵ĹȥĿѵħɭдˣﾹȻ˸ѡ
ʱȡᣬԼҲܱˡַĵ
ַŬۻŨһѵɫޱʵ
ಣ
ַһ֧ϳɶе˲ϢһϬĹıĴȥ
ȻԼûγɵ˿ıʱԼܸһ͵أԼԶԶ׷ɳȥ壬һٺɢԼĻ
֪࣡һŭ𣬽ȫȻʢһ˲ĴַۣƱǧ޴Уһڷ䵽ʮ⣬ܵ˼𵴡
ַڿʮĸӰƮȻʮһô֮ϡ
쵰ķ̫ˣԼĻȻڴ͸һƤ׺󣬾Ҳ̲ȥˡֲַõǵѪֻŵ
ҺԼȼ֮ڽħɭʱɫʱ̴ڿ״̬ǰҪɫڹؼʱԼ˰˳ɵԼھͲǴѪôˡ
ſǺʵۼףַôԼаѺõĹ
ȻҪǻϾҪõ̫ˣԼӵɫߣѾ˹ʺˣýִҲɰ
ϾԼû۵򣬶һһԵƷһΣԼĻһ㡣

עַͬĺɫ۾һڳЦַԲһ
Ψһ㣬ֻһ۾ˣȴʵʵҪѶҲһĴֻȴʱˡſԼ߹壬ַ￼ǵ
йܲáַﰵ롣
ͷһ꣬ɭɢڵϽһߺҶַû衣
ȻȴֻȫһǣΧҶʱոɸɾ۾ķȫá
ַʱһӵֻһѶѵҶ֦ϵȥ
Ȼȴַʮ׵ֻͣеַҶ֦ŻԵû潫֮ճһŵĻҽ֮ƮɢڿС
ַҲõЩˣΪʲôԼˡ
ַ̧ͷȥʱȴ˿ϷţԼèڿ㣬̨ϱݵС
ߣħʼҲֻħޣӵǻҲԶѲԡַһĵ
ͬʱҲƴĹ
ĺҲе㲻ˣԼΧǵ棬ǿж˺һ֦Ҷպĺɫĩ岻ܷʲôԣֻҪԼһеԼǮͻޱ߼ʵĻҲڱΡ
𡫣
ŭȻԼַĹƣȻԼϷŪŪˡ
Ϊ߹ħ޵Եĳ衣

֦ɱռнضϣ档
꣡
һռ͸ǰڵַ֦ǰۣʱɫγɵĹâ˸˼£סռС
ͣͣͣ
һĿռַϡͷλãҿɫۼɣԸı̬ҲתͷγͷڿĽ£ɫγɵĹâҲͣ˸š
Ĺٶ̫˰ɣɫ߳ŲסˡַһҧֱӳϷԾȥԽԾԽߡ
ﵽʮ׵ĸߴʱϷĿռѾϡЩЩռһַַ㣬ʵڶ㲻ģֱɫӲ


64 
䣡䣡
䣡䣡
­СĻ򣬱źɫâٻܼسַ
ȴǿַԽԽߣռѾ֮ûʲôвֱӷԼǰòյĶλħٻ֮档
Ҳݣò˻ˡַһ߻æĶܣһ
ַ䵽ʱȫ·յȫǶ׿ףһð˿˿̡
ɫγɵĹâҲ֧ŲסɢˣҪȺһʱٴʹˣҺԼҲﵽ˻㾳Ķ壬Ȼ⻹˰
ַȫҲǺһ飬һ飬ޱȡ
ַҲŭˣҲȫ״̬ȫһлγɵһôϵĴ˵ĻҲ㣬ʱΧĻڱΡ
ͼͻȻһ˻𡫣
ַһҧ·ݵڲƴʱǻͿһˣ
ƴʱѶϣԥ
߶л˿˼δȬƣеĻתٶȺܿﵽȫʢʱڵˮ׼ƽܵϣǿı
һַ̣ȫչӰûΪһʵỊ̄Ѹײڶ֮ǰڿ΢һɲǣ˲ϢеĻһϬĹ⽣ûۿֱ뵽Լֱ۴
ʹÿЪ˹Ŀ𣬾޴ͷ­ҵַһַ;ԼͻȻڵһ㣬һײʮô
еѪֱڿһĺߣܵ˼𻵣ȫڹǻ֪жûϵģһ¶ˡ
ڵĻ굤ں϶ɵĽͨۿУ۾СܳܵסһһѶƺɺ󣬲ʵĿǰһڣȻȻڵϣУ֫鴤˼£ڲٶ
һ޴սֲޱȣȻձԼҲصĲˡ
вַܶⳡսֻ²ѣҪԼһҳɹԼҪˣԽսȻġ
뵽ַҲɵķ˳ĴЦжԽٺ̾ϢжɱܣԼȻԻλʵնɱһͷڵħޣȻſ֮ģôŵġ
ԼҲ˵ķǳأתϰ죬ŻָһЩж
ѾĽеħ˳ϸϸһħ˵Ĳͬͽ֮ŵԼİȻ˷ܵĳĶӴȥ
ϵĶĿɲħˣġθ
ûθַϵղص˽⣬ռħ޵θԳɿռ䣬һȻĿռ䴢
Ҫ֪½ϣ˿ռԪи΢͵Ĵ洢ռ⣬˵Ŀռ洢ﶼǿռħ޵θƵġ
ռħǺ٣½ϻûӵпռ洢Ʒ
ַһƶ۵ͷ󺹺󣬹ȻӿĶһƴСĶխ¿ʵӡȻеֲڣԼҲƣͽ͵ðɡ
Լʶһ̽ȻȻʮƽ׵Ŀռ䣬ԼϵİһֻһͲˡ
ٴʶһ̽ȻĴθ桱
󣬲ӴʬǷƬĺòϰ
ȻƻҪ֪½ϴߴõĶħϵĲƵӵлֻ൱һٲ֡
˿һƬַ̾ȥҪֵٵǮκڵԼֵҲûˣθ̫Сֲͷ֮װȥеĲʰ
ˣԼҲӦ̫̰ˣղħ޸ôĶǸϽ뿪Ϊ
θһϵãڲϣģַĵһЦ̧뿪Σյ
ħɭֵһˮԴַһ˿ڣ޸ܵˣĻƣַһƬ͡

ˡַŰһ
ϴܵĴˣַħɭһ²ųȬ
֮ǰƻֻħɭִ죬ȴû뵽һ£Ǽƻϲϱ仯ǺǣҺջҲе֮ϲҲӦóȥˡַЦ
㱣
ַ鶯Ϣнɽּ䣬żָ㼶ħַҲˣͲҪ鷳
һһδѪȲпսǱڰĴɱһδεսУַҲԽԽͣͬʱҲ뿪


65 ȡ
ĪɭѾԼŪԹȥѩħɭΧУ˸ѪâдĿ⡣
ɵϾȻΪħɭΧСѩáֳޣѵͲ֪Լ̰ɫѾܾ
Ҳԣɵ϶ѩõϲѴﵽ˼£Ϊ˻⽫ԼҲĳѩֻҪɾͲϵ
ΪԼġѩáȻԼĻ棬ⲻԼ𣬲ҲΪԼѾ̤˻㾳磬ҲǸα㣬Żô޿ְɣǺǣôҲ벻үоȻСԡ־ǻҲҪеǿԻҩɣ
ĪɭѰ˸ƽ̹ЩĿյأͽѩŵ˵ϣϸĶԼҹβϵŮİ͹£Σɢ٣羫ƤѩǱǣҷ֡ˡһһŮ˽Ҳ
ĪɭҲ̲סȼյȲĽѩε´һʱһǵľ֮ǰʹʢ
ҿĹѪھȻҲԼˣʵַѾѾܾˣɭн˰죬оҪˣԼҲеˣǱһºٳȥϾʱ仹磬ûҪô
˭֪ûãͷǰж˹㼱æһôĺ档
㷢ǰһĻˡ
ȣȣַìܺܣȣͲԼ躹ޣʵǿеԭ򣻲ȣģôŮӾ޸̣ˣҲ۰еϼįɣ滨һ֦꣬Ϣ㣬ԼĺҲеܲˣȥ
˭ҳҪµĪɭͻȻתͷ͵͵ĺ˾䡣
ں˼ַһ㶣СѵʶôǿܷϢԼ
ַɫߴϣҪȥʱȴֻĪɭںһ󣬼ûʲôתæȥˡ
ңַʱƵѪԼ㻹쵰ȥˡ
쵰˼ϸʱȻôСģȻСү龪һٺ٣Ǿ͹ֲСүˣַЦ

ʱ򣡡һֱǱַϢƮȻͬԻõӰһĪɭӶȥ
ҪܵĪɭȻеһ˷ٳԱ㣬ͬʱתͷ󷽿ȥֻһӰгһȫɻγɵֱӳԼзĺͷһ˫ɱ۾ŷһ
ַԴ˵ԭ򣬲ѣһ󻼣СԱСҪѣԼԺ֤һ鷳ϡ
ĪɭиΪ裬΢΢ڳƣⲻı
˭ΪʲôҪ͵ϮңĪɭɫ԰ףʮֻֿŵһ䡣
СӣòҪַ֪ЦЦȻֻø졣
Īɭɫʱһ䣬㵽˭
˵㲻ʣ㾹Ȼʣַа׹ת͵شĪɭԴ
ĪɭֳԼĳֵַекݺݵظĪɭеĳˣֻײһȫ˿
ۣۣۣۣ
һ屻еĴ
ȥɡַʮĵ
꣡
ֻзĹǶĪɭͷһӾͱַеһѪҲȫȥ顯һˤڵϡ
˵ҶЩѧӵô쵰ôѶԸԼΪǱĸ߳һ磬ټ͵Ϯ治֪ʲôȻǰԼҲڲʹ£Ͼ˫ޣͬ޵пɲǽġַȻĿѪеʬһۣתӡ
ȴǿ˺һŵɴ˫۾СҲɡO͵ģʮֲ԰׵С
㡭ɱ֪˭𣿡ǱһĲ˼뾪㵣
ԵŮ֪ʱ˹պÿַлĪɭԴһĻ
ʵַͷˣֻպʱϡϡ䴩·ַҲ˼ͷֱ϶ŮϺתӡ
عԵӦŮӸмĵлȴûӭȴ벻˼ס
ַʱŭգ˼ԼӦɱһ
ģѵԼľ˸ôŮˣǿԸģַƶ
Ҳ֪˭ͬʱҲ֪˭ֻ֪ʱҪǿ顭㣡䳰ȷ͸沿ɫһһٴ


66 鷳
Ůǿ顱ʱɫ˲Ϣʺεĺһ㣬ַҲɵĿһ㶡
ʱŮҲַ˼ˡ
ǣǵģˣļһǧҲܽҵĺޣҵĵǴ鷳ˣɱĪĶӣȻĪ岻ʲô壬ȴùħɭΧļɱڵĴʮΣˣŮæַ͵
żļ廹ʲô壿ַ΢΢һ㶣ű˼Ůļһ쵰ļȨˣ
ҲȨƲ˶ϼĴС㣬ԶˮȲ˽𡣡ѩ΢΢еɬģֻҪһȥġ
ԭ֮Գ飬ڵҵĴԼ֮ǰ˵Ļĵ㣬ʲôǿ壬ԼûҲ֪ô쵰ȴǹżԼ鷳ˣַοǵǵ뵽
ȻԼŮӣǸַһǺġ
룬£˰ɣ³⣬û֪Ӧò淢ҰɣַǿĮԴвɫߴ˳
ᣬȻᣬҵ֮Ҹл㻹ˣôȥ㡣Ůæֱ֤
ˣлͲˣֻ·ƽˣһĻӦþⲻԶɣҵˣһӢˣټˡ˵ַ꣬һԾ͵˶ʮ׿⴦
ιȵȰһûлˣŮַʧҪɭ֮Уæе
ءˡɭ
·ƽӢţɫߺصĵһʲôݣϣܶĪ׷ɱɣãŮǽģʧıӰһĬĬ̾Ϣһᣬתħɭ֡
²ŸչȥʮӣħɭоѾʼѪɱ¾
һһ̴̳һֻ㼶ħۿһ˾ͱһ̻ɱ
ϲͻȻֻúһ䣬һȻƻһա
ٶȳ֣ȴֻʧӰ١ȻԼ϶һѵһѺСķɵһСȻѺ˵ȥƵסƻ
©һֲ˼ı飬˵ʲôȴֻһ³һѪ¡
ߣֻܹԼùȻеʱȡħˡһ˻ߵ˵ý壬ȷѾ͸壬һѾͽ䳶Լϣ߰ɣôѶϢɱŹѰһĿꡣ˵һӣһа˾Ѹʧһ
Ȼһ˸ʧãⲻԶһô֮ͻȻһ֮һӰ˳ȴǼϢַ
ѾԼĵɱ֮ˣħɭֵΧӦĴɣԼЩ첻һֱڼ״̬£ҲŶˣַеңȴʮֵǵ뵽

ַɱĪĪɭΪ˲ĪɭĻħɭһȦӺ󣬲С·߳ȥȴû뵽ħɭֵ·Ѿ˸ˡ
ʱַǾǸɵҲ֪ԼǻǴˣһǲܳȥˣַ˻ħɭ档
ʧ߰û뵽ĪжȻô죬һôķӦַĿɬơ
ַҲеŮΪʲôԼɱĪɭһˣԭΪԼûʶԼӦûʲôµģȴû뵽ıȻôĺݣǿƣȻҪħɭֵÿһ˶ɱ

ܿɽ
ҹȻϮˮ¹ʥʹظأİħɭȴһƬıʹӵɭ졣
һģӰӯĴ֮Уǵ¹һ˫Ŷǹâ۾۽ЩЦЦ
ԼԴУȻ˶࣬ЩĹ۲죬Ϊߵһ֮ҲֻĸǾĸ֣ԼֻҪˣֻнǵѲСԼĿܣַ뵽
Ǻǣ¸ڣ͵ϮɱҹַͬʱҲеܡ

ǱһôϵַͻȻԼľٶѸײڶ֮һƣһΪֻлλĺˣȴϰദҪ
˷ӦʱַһѾƵؿڰ֮Ҫ赲ǲΨм̳ˣͼ˫ֱƿַһơ
ϧǣַĹ̫죬ͣȻˣҲ赲ˣȴûӹеˡ
к³һѪˤһɶԶһҲûˡ
ַĿٳ֣˷ӦвͬһЩ˷ŭһЩ˾졢ߣЩ΢΢һ㶺󣬷׷׳ַֹ
Ȼַȴһֺͷˣǲİתۼʧɭ֮Уһݺæ׷ϡ
׷Ҹϣ˺ð죬ַ½Ƕûһݺŭֺޣſɭֱʧ
Ӿɱ뷴׷ɱйȥ


67 
һգַɱһˣߵһɽ룬ͻȻͣ½Ų૵ǾЩƺʲᶫڵԼ
ɻļµĸоֻһζѵԼˡ
ϸ۲죬ƬɭֺƽʱɭûʲΩһֵûһֻ飬һֻ϶Ҳ˵ħˡ
ܼžÿ£һôץһƤһǺţ߹¼Ǻţһ·ȥ
һξ룬Խеַվסδȵ
׵Χɫս׵ˡ
ʲˣͻȻֵˣַһȴǿԾһӰƱޣɫߵĵڶֹ̬˶ǻ㾳磬ˣԪߣΪǻߣ߲ƣɲ˿⡣
СӣϵеƷǿһȫʬ˷Ц
ΪһӢݣɫսףɫĹȦ壬˫ֽ汧ǰȫһӵ̬ȿַ
ҲУΪߵһﵽ˻λ
㲻Īˣ仰ַһ˹
տʼΪЩĪ׷ɱɱˣƣԼӦٵˡ
ʲôĪħɭֵĳ·Ϊɱ㣿УַĻɫһ䣬з׷һ˿Թ
Ҳǣ˭֣֮ܵоԲܡ
˵ɱĪĶү֪Ƿʵͷȴ˿ŭĮʵ
һ¾ǷҲ޼µģѵΪĪֶԸңַ촽һһ˵
ǰЩӣĪɱҼֵܣǽµĳԹ̫µ뽫׽סǣԴĪύһģȴΪˮ˵ǰЩӣʰһװħ˵ƤֻҪϽǸƤǣ֮£Ǵɵûڼ춢ַһ˵㻰
ʲôϴôУǡ
죡Ϊ׵ˣ䶢˸տڵһۣŵ˭Ҳö˵ʲôţ
ɫһ䣬æ˵ʲôȴһ֣µߵ˻ȥ
һԵַⷬģǺ˻һۺȴĬ
ôͬⲻͬ⣿ʱЩǲͷ
ô֪иװħ˵ƤַͻȻЦûǴƤ֮£ֻϴĪһǿߵ׷ɱʱС¶˳ǻ˵Īˣ
ʲôĪˣȻҵĺ⣬ǾͲҪ²ˡԼļıַʶƣ¶һ˿ϧ֮ɫ
ʵҲҲַ˵ôϻ֮ǿȫַġ
ԴϴΣַӼһ´׷ĶûлǿڳַһҪݾߣ뾡취סȵлǿ߸ϵ󣬲ܲȡж
ָһ£ҲòھȻַʶƣǾֻǰˡ
ܣ׽漴һ΢ȻһɫĹCƣɢŵ㺮⡣
ַͫһҡҡͷǻϢңԶûлǰ㴿ȴŻϢ⵽ʲô
αΪ󹦲ŵʹ͵ģȻֻ÷൱˽λҲڶˡְĸ£ȻɭȻַһ֮£һŵַ̹
ַҲгһӣжʱһ죬һӰڿУתЩ̹⾡С
ϵĹâɢȥʱһɫԾţŵâ
ֳɫĿⱻַ޵âȻһ۾ͿĻαƷ
οַԻλɢϢҲ֮üҲһɫֲܴӻǿԭϾȻ챦㾳磬ӵл۲
ϴ󣬶ְɣʲôѵܵסΧɣһϽ¾ˡͬ˷лĲ΢ת󣬺Ȼ˵
Ϊ׵˵ͷȻҲ˵ʲôڼʿһ֣˸һͬʱ׷ȡԼʽصĳ׻˸Ĺǵ
ַɫһĬһ˦ͻȻвˡ
굽һĻüͷһ壬ȴû˵ʲôɫһʹâԽҫĿַ˲ޱȡ
ʱ˵Χ֮գۼҪγɣǶ϶ַ޿ӡ


68 ϵԪ
ƶԴַԼ뱻֮УͻȻһ죬ԭͻȻٶȼ죬аӰһΣַԭʧһ̳һʮɸߵĴϡ
ַͻȻϣ˿⣬ֻĴӻͳһźɫ£˸ӡź㻯һźǰͷֻȵȥ
˿ͻȻǴһЩ֦ײϣľ죬˵ˣ·ܳӡ
վŵһĽĻעʱҫ⣬ַ
ʲôַд󺧣ûôǰһȻǺȥ
ǺһһڣֹâȻ
ֻĵһ
ַдˣΣַֻٴ˵ء
ǼΪ˶Ը㣬˺˿ˣ
һ꣬עһϡ
źһʵĻȻһ˽λ˻ޣĪ֪ɱ˶ߡ
ΪʲôУ⻹ͷ꣬ĪŲһĵλ
û뵽ϻĻַе⣬˻֮ȫע֮С
Ź⣬ıƽ
ںһɲǣһ޴ֶȥַһͻȻըˡ
ҫ۵İ׹俪еľﶼӳ˰ɫ
ַȫɵĻע֮У̺֮󣬿֪޴ĺصɽ䣬еıѣʹ÷Բʮڵĵط÷顣
ͬʱӴĳɣڼʿǿѪΪĪ֮ǲҲҪߣͱҪ˵ʶָӲУ˵ʶϢϢأըʹͬش
ַԼ֮䱾һֱ嵱Уսģ壬֮ըҲֻǺľڻֻҪһʱ䣬ɻָ
ַĪڶֵ׷ν˳֮
ʱǼź׷״Ӹ߿¡
ַ˴ϲǺı壬һûһñһ˺ΪһǼźȥ
ɾʱк׵һַһòֵĻԥһ߰˵һģһӰɲǼûһʱ޷ַ
Сӻ飬֪ãһƵ漴һֻɫͻȻ˺Ϸ΢΢һǼźɫĴ֮С
ͬʱַԭվĵطȻ˿ȻһӰж
ˣַԥһȫһһâ˻еǵӰ
ȴֻ˸ϴһ죬ַȫɫâʲô˿ǵӰҲһġ
һ֮£ʹԭһʧһ̳Զһλϣת׹¶һŭ֮ݡ
ղһܻ󣬻ַܱشᣬû뵽Լ͵Ϯɣñúݺһѣʶʹƽϲŭɫ˿Ҳŭ
쵰ȥɣһ̣һĳìУ˫һʮɫâһŵĳַȥ
ڵϵԪߣַһû뵽Щһô͸ˣ̾Ϣ䣬ʮһ漴ȫâһʧЩ⾹ķ׷һա
ֲϴܴѣһȻ˿ЧҲûȡղŵĲܷͱ˵һ龰жݳеŭʱ˴룬æַȥ
ֲӵĶʲôҪ㡣ɫˮ磬ͻȻһȻΪһֱԶȥȥ
Ϊ㻹ӵˣɫӰݺݵЦã㳢ۼҵֶΣӰʮ̣¡¡һ
ף쵰СӻڹģͻȻһУӲֹסԼľٶַƻ
ַȻֻлڵΪȴӵɶ̵ľһ﷢֮ʣȫڱܵһ˲䣬Ȼ֮ìݺݻһ¡
ʱܳԶлֻ壬ìĽȻݺݽһʯϣַȴûʲôˣ¾ʯݺһ޴ʯ䡱һըʯĴŨ̳ɢ
Żҳڣٴο


69 ޿
ַһͦסʱû߶˫ܣϵ񱼣Լ֪˶ԶѾȫʧħɭ֡
ɭУʹŲƣٶȿޱȣޱ߼ʵرܣʹǲľ޴Ҫӵڳ˵ĻͶסˣҲѾƣˡ
ʵħɭУַҿ񱼣һܼɻ£ħɭ̫ĲȷأСֻܵ߼ħ޵ĵУԼôĶ֪
ַɵں׷ٵǸϵԪ߳ԾСһħɭҲܣһȴȫûй˼ǵΪ
Ҳ˶ãַвûм٣࣬ĲҪ޳ˣҲ֪ǸϵԪʲôֶΣȻ׷Ḷ́ϵһǻǿߡ
һѾ׷ϴˣⲻ·ϱô
ô룬Ҳ־ܣӰȡһħˣȫȡ
ʮӣȫַָվ󷽿һۣЩһѾԽԽˣֵÿˡ
ַǰУѾһеľϣ׼ԶһȫĻȻ׹һ֮Ųһξ롣
Щ׷Ҳܻۼַǰ棬Ĳ˷ޣֻӰֲӰ
϶ǼһֱжԶˣʱһһӰϵַղڵĵطȴͣǵɫӰڵ
ֻ֨֨Ǻ˵ļһֻģħޣǼıᣬͻȻ˼Ǻɫ²ſڣѵǧ֮⣬ģӰ·Ǽһܲˣ
ҵûĹǻɫӰ±ӿЦֻħɭ֣Ҳ̫ܼˣʶ˾ܣҲԷ֣ⲻСӦñˣ
߰ɣ˳ǼһȥɾҪΪЦˡҲе㰵п࣬õĻǿߣǺεĴڣȴΪһ仰ܵ
ˣ壬˵׷ɱһϺмǲģͻȻʲôʵ
ɫӰźˣ¶һ˿ɫͻȻ˵ѵ϶ҲǼⷲôҲӦи󵽰ɣ˵⻰ʱǱ䡣
ٺ٣ǲҲԵ²ǼһŻλΪһǳλϵԪߣ֮ܽĻɢ˺Ц
Ͳ϶ˣɫӰ˵꣬Ƶ£Ʈ׷ȥ
ҺǾ͹ֲˡ¿ǰǸɫĹ㣬Ļгɷ
ַǲ֪һ֮׷ţǿеĻ֪£ǶеĻһǲ֪ӦðӦúˡ
ַ֪ʱֻ֪ӦôѺҧŻһֱܣƺѾƫ˺ˡ
һ죬ַһɽ֮ϣɽ֮ϣ죬״˼ÿϵĴް֮ܵ±߿һַۣпࣺղűܵ;Уһʧ㣬ˤʬ޴棿ȴ·һߣףܵһ·ˡ
ŴӲԶðһһӰַ¶һ˿ЦˣλãЩǻˣ
էһַǱһһСӾȻˣʲôƣҲ̲סЦСӣôܰ
ַﰵҪ·ܣˣ֪ˣͲӢ۾ˣԴѪĴҪĲ档±ӣε˵ܲǡ
ǻɫӰЦţȻˣͽϵЩħˣǼԼ꣬ʹζҪǶ֣ٺ٣Ӧ֪ɾһζˡ
ҪҵĻħˣҪСүԱꣿַÿ׳յǻɫӰú󣬲ſڵҪ㣬ôԴ¯˰ɣ
ܣӰ˺ջҧһһٵ˵һΣ
ַһ޹˵˵ǺܱǸֻղŵҪ̫׳ˣˣϾһǿˣǵ֣ô֣ǲǵʱ򣬺ڳԺڣ˵߹۲˵ľٶֻҪһ쳣Ͳȡڶַ롣
Ǻɫ¿ַԳܲõӣ΢Цǰô֣ţӦȻƴһǲ֮ǰٺ٣˵ɡһҪ
ַԴ󼱣ԸԼԼͷʣ£еιͣǼˣ˵ʲôħҲõģҪǱƻˣӾ¡


70 
һ⻰ǻӰЦ¾Ͳţû򲻿ԶѰġ
ַЦ¶Уʲô𣬷û·ǰһּ˶Ҳǲǰһһ
ͻȻֹסӰˣЦ֪㵨ӲСȴ֪ڲžҲô죬Ҳףǿϧ
ַƲƲ죬˵㲻ϣ
ǣĳҪɱ㣬Ͷˣ£˭Ҳûô˵ɺãǲҪˣֻҪ㽫ħ˽ǱŹ㡭
ַЦ㵱Ұ׳ôҪǵħˣҪɱңСүԩ
ԷģֻҪ㽫ϵħ˷УǿԶħģ˵ʵҲֻǮƣģ㾹ȻôħˣȻԺ˵ɢһӣһСС̴ľϻӣַǰ档
һĻַɲҽħ˷Уħģһ꣬ȡһװħ˵Ƥ
ȻֻҪ򿪺ӣħ˷УͿ뿪ˣǾ㡣Ǻĵ˵
򿪺ӣħˣһôˣ˵ţɾվŲ
ǻӰ˿ļͻȻɭɭôӣ
ҿ衭ַͻȻһǺȥ
ɽŻҪ;УֻľͻȻ顯һѿ
ľмһӰǰվǺ˼ϵֻӰľгһХԾμת۱ϻСһַһ˫צֱȡַ˫Ŀ
Ӱ󡭡λħޣַһæܣ֪ӰȻӱ󣬵ȴһƣһһˣַҲܲ˵ڵأֻһɭɭֱʺҧ˹ȥ
Ǻ˹ЦСӴˣȴϣڻôܡδˣͻַһ̽һų˿ޣУӰˡ
ַͳ±߱ȥ
һһڣӰ߳ߣͻȻһȻһӣһ⣬ֱַ£
һȻҲȫַصĵʱ䡢λ㶼׼׼׼һɽַԴ룡
һͣҲ׼ַҲѷ֪ض⧲ַ֪أͻȻһ⿰ǰ£δ˼
䡱ֵͣڵϣǳĴ
ַȫһһ߿ٳ±߱ȥһ߻ͷվסֻҪ߳һ̡
һ⻰ʲôҲòӾȻӲסˣһ˿ɷվס쵰˲ˣ桭
桱ַ˵ַ˵һ̤գ֮ųڣֱ׹䣡£ԣס
ۿֱַ׹ȥŭһ˹Ҳϲˣû뵽˿׷˼գͷȻʲôҲûõг˲ʡ
ַľ̴٣ɽӦȴһ
ȻЩ֮䣬ǻӰûзӦʼնעַ˵һһַһŤ֮ʱ֪ˡ
һͬʱַ˹ȥĸں˵ַɽµһ˲䣬±ߡ
ʲôûõǻô·ƯİƣӰ漴̾һ
ˣ壬ǻȥɣȻûʬ壬ǴôߵɽȥѾˣģǲ淢ģӵл֮£̣û棡ͻȻ
㣿϶ݣ飬ˣϣԺҪ·ϣߣӰһת뿪
Ҫ˱ģ壬ҲԹңһ˿ɫͷһµףȻҲɽⱼȥ
еһжѾˣƬɽָֻԭеƽ
ַԶһЩϴ˻Ҫö࡭һ̤գǼٵģֻ˿ġ
ʵѽƵһ˿Ƶȥģʵƽ÷ֺӻ£ֵһͻʯϣҲסɽ٣˶ϡ
ȻҪкܿ۾ϸģҪкܴĵӣҪϵҪӵʶϵðô
ȥĶ
ɢȥˣַ˿˰Σ۾±ֻϹȻûˣȥ֪ʱԾ춯


71 ɽ
ַ֮£ŤͷһƣŷǾǺӣʮֻͨҰҲ֪ǴģѧģϣԴ졣
ħɭΧͨҰԶħ޶࣬ͻȻұôӣַҲ΢΢е졣
ȫϢһţҪЩӣ֪ЩӲûܣ׷׶˹һĻַǺǺЦֲ֪βܸǣֻôڵꡭȥ
ЩҰħɭѾãϰ˸ħ޵ѹַҲ죬֨֨ĽУЩӵƨɣˡ
ַЩĺӾϷûԶȥĻǿߣֲЩż̲סһֻ֣óһӡȥϣȥ򣬿һ죬ͻˡ
Щʲô̼һ㣬ͻȻһѷ䳯˹ƽʱַȻ¡
˿յͱϣֶֻôǻ޻һʯϣǿڳԵУһˣʮֻǻмֻԾĹֱ˹
ֻҪЩ͵ֱȥ
Ǻ£żֲҳȣͱȥʱͻȻžһ죬ֻֻӾȻסǿʯֻۡһˣַ亹ӳͼסһңֻʱڵ±ڹ⻬ޱȣﻹѰͻ֮ʯ
׹ĹУַͷһۣˣ·ĺһƬҪֱȥǲŹ֡
߾һȺͨҰϣַһ뵽治֪Ǹÿ޻ǸЦ
۾ЦˡСүǿжھЩӺˡ
ʱͻȻ֪һֻë׵ĺצַһӶһץסֻצˣַֻ֮󣬺צץס֣־˺һ㣬۵ֱȴס
ֻץסֻצȴǴϵһģַĪһֻѿǵħޣЩҰﶼǴǺħָʹİɣЩͨҰٴ󵨣Ҷһ֣߳ħﲻ֪ʲôͷץȥѵԶСүˡ
һת̰˶ȥסǸȷơ
˭֪ӻδǶﾹͻȻи˵ּϸһֵĪҪһͽ㶪ȥּϸ߷Ǻӣ˵˻
ΪﵽǾħȻҲ˵˻ܻеģһ㣬ַһĪ˲ħצôͣ
ɾʱǺצһɣַͻȻ׹ȥ
ַŵһ亹㡭㾿ʲôץסСү֨֨ЦСӸղʲôҲ֪Ҫİ㣬áһ꣬ͻȻһٽַ˸ʵ
ַ˿ڵ㡭ˣħޣ
ͻȻһҲħޣСٰ㶪ȥ
ַûϲŭ޳ļһ˿Ц𣬱㵽Ҫȥ
㴹֣ȫ۵Ļɢȥ׼
С˼קţַֻйԹԵѱ⡰ˡֱȥһڣֻצĴطһ㣬ȻסȫĻ̧Ҳ̧
ţűǶ
Ƕڲ󣬵ȴС
ַȫ⣬ڵ棬ʱʱײϵʯϣȫۣԴֱΣſ۾ֻһֻŴ쳯ֱЦ
⡰ӡǲСַ࣬ϸһƣ⡰ӡϾ·Ȼãȴȷ˴·ֲ١
ϸһƣ⡰ӡȫ䳤ëҲë۾Ǳӣȴ˵ģ
ǡӡȴҧҧЦƼôҾʲô
ַ̧ͷһۣŵԭˣ˲ĳëˣųܣֲָʹЩҰ﹥ˡ
ٺ٣Се۹⣬Ǻ˴ڡ⡮ˡЦ
ߣһȺ΢̵Ұްˣ֮˵ͻȻһĽ߳һģӰ
Ŷ⣬ַһʱҲòϸǲ԰׵ˣ·ȴûһ졣
ַӲͷƤʲô
俴ַһۣŵʲôҾʲô
ˣ׶˵˻ֱҲˣʵҲ̫ˡ£Իȥˣ⿪ڵˣô
⡰ˡ̾ϢһǸѾ˵Ұްɡ
δ˵꣬ǡӡŭңҲǱ㺦ģ㱻ܳȥˣ


72 թƭ
ܳȥַһŴط
Լ֮ǸȻɵĵصʯߣͷиԲĴףչӿ͸ֻǴɣһ벻СĴӿе˽Ӵ˲ܳȥ
ʯصףڿдУ˾Ҳδֻ˴ߴβȷ˶ʯĿ˲ٴѵǡõϣû⵹Ǻ
ʱͻȻǡˡҪѬģеħˣôĪЩ쵰׷޿ӣУȴǸأȥҲˡ
ԭһĪ˱ƽⶴеģ⵽Լַͬ۾תתȥһ⻰ҲЩЦҪ֪ǸĪСүɱģھͻӵƤɣ
뵽ַת˵ʲô֣
һһ⻰ͷҲֱͦĿͻȻ˹⣬ӵħɭֵðŶӹ֡˭˲֪
ǡӡٺЦĳƨҲֻǸڣְҵΪЩðŶӻһΣգܵñ˭죬ǰЩգáĪ塯ߣɱĶӡ
Ц㡮ëΪδȥһв֮أƨƨߵĸˡ
ģ㻹˵¡ëﱩף۵㲻˵Ĳ֮أ԰ȫҲôȴˣȴûҵȥ֮⹷ģ㺦ҵģ֪ˣһλΪѵĪǸӲɣֻ벻Ī彻񣬲ݱܿǣȴû뵽ôһ죬첻Ӧеأزˡ
˵ô࣬Ҫǿڿˣûˮȣ˻༥̣೰ֲַôסˣ֪˾ѣǳУֻƣߵһ顣
ֻңҵ㣬Ѽϣһȴ˭Ҳδ֡ëЦĪǣСˣڽӣѲįɱ㣬Ҳûʲôϵ
Ȼֻлǳڵľ磬ˣԪߣȴǻߣҲһȼҪƴ¹˭֣һˣҾɱңǰҲС
ģǳǵģôСүˡַʱ̲ס˵˻ǲҪˣǱһֻһܻȥһⰵյĶУ񲻹¶
ëݺݵˣƾЩӾˣ
ַãѵû뵽ȥ
ˣõС˵
ַ΢΢һЦû⣬ڵϣͷȴҴΣ˼ԮȥͷʯߣֻҪԼָʵƾԼɫޣҪ跨ȥҲδزܡ
Ͼɫǻ̴СãֻǱԽĵĻԽ࣬ҲԽС
ֻǽ֮ɡãСƾԼĻټڳ֮УκһʵԽ޻óˡ
ַɫٶ֮ƳЩߣͻȻС㲻뵽취ȥˣ
ַĵڴ˴ȫ⣬ѱзӣ˲ܾңˣ
⻰һϲëӣ㻹СֵϵķӡַзӳȥһﾹȻ֮ǰġСɡСֵܡʹ硣
ëʵ޺øУַȻзӳȥķϣԵˣȻղ֮ԷסСֵܵʵֻЩҪ鷳ҿû˿⣬֮ǰСֵǷܽĳȥ֮ʾһ
ַ̾˿ڳ˵˴ȻݵصףҪȥȴҲѣôҲ֪ĵκ󣬲ܸһ𸴰ɡ
⻰ëе㾪ɲˣĿַַ˫͸Ĵ۾ǵЦһֵзӳȥ
ַЦܾӳطҽԴ͸㡣
ëЦСֵܵԴҲҪܽǾȳȥǿɴӦǷһ顣ʱëצַ˼£ָʵ
ַվչһǣŵֻҪǾȳȥʲôɶҡ
ëãȫ㡣
ַ˵ͷã£ڿʼͻȻ֣
ëһֱЦַͻȻҪҲһɻʲô
ַЦȻħˡ


73 ͻƻ
һ⻰ëŵҪϵħˣ˲ɣ֪ÿһħ˿ɶðΣյģһ仰Ҫߵġ
ַǸǲ
㡭Ҳǳȥֱ֮թƭ
ַ̾Ҫħ˲ҪҲͰˡ
ַһᣬŵǳȥҪǵħˣʲôϵ
ַЦҵ˼֪ǲᶮġһᣬŵǳȥѣ֮ǰҪǿʵչ£еħó
ַҪչʵëѴЦЦСӣĪɵˣҿھ粻ǻλɣ£ڣѵ㻹Ǿ粻ɣСţƤɲˣӵ굱ڻ㾳ͣʮ֮ãǾ磬㾹Ȼ쿪¾£⻹뵽ҪթȡǵħˣôҲɫĵӰɣ
Ŀַ˵һʲôĸоЦݣͻȻһֵ˵зӡ
ë㡭ȻСĻ֮ڣǾ硣
ַ΢ЦҲòţֻΪСĹĵ㲻ͬټ϶üķӣҲܣٺ٣ڿǵôˣҪ֪Щħֻ֮ȣɲֵһᡣ
ëŭַƨӲŲĹ
ţʱͻȻһ˵һԺڰĽƤ
Ŵףֻšһ죬϶ⱦԻҫ۾гһˣЦСƼôƽֻҪõǧ֮һѹǳԺһˡ
ַҲֻǶЩħ˳񣬶Щ֮ȴǿҲûһۣ˰Σ߹ȥЩħһһʰ
ֻÿʰһţϵıǱ˿һƵģҲ֪ǿЦ
ַһʰ߿ʱƤ࣬۾̣ﲻֹͣСѽСºܽӴط֪Ҫô
ַҲֿһѽңֻйâһͻȻ¶һ̵Ĳħˣַħ޵ħˣϲȥʰʱ
Ѳֱͣð飬ȭͷͻȻ˹ȥһѶַǿŻħˣ˻СʰҪҵ
ëҲһַЩħˣ׼˭Ҳ׼һ
ַ֣ѵҪһ
ëҧأӾΪŻƵħˣ֮򶷵ģЩѳôĿ࣬ŻڵħˣСӿڣŪȥˣܸġ
ַһת⻰Ҳ˵ȫûеǲ룬ڵħ˿žȶã˵ħ˺󣬾ͲţҾܳˣ˹һ񲻿ϧ
ͷ⡭
ַЦƵ˵ʱҪÿŻڵħˣʱҲٻǡëڴһСֱ˵ˡ
ϲ̵ĽЩħˣַùЩħˣܴǳȥŪҶûϵ
ʵԼҲЩˣʮŻڵħˣһЩڵģǿޱȻڵģܹ°ٿħˡ
ħˣȻֻʮһǧҲȣڵĿȫ㷨ˡ
ħ˱м֮гϣһЩڣλħˣλ㶥ħˣǾ򵽣˵ϵħ˵ġ
ħˣһֻҪʱ򣬲п֣ܳЩħһ֣ԻЩȥħ˶ߣһ֮ԽǸ߽׵ģԽѵá
һ飬ڼ䣬ñңһʧܣǿҲûôħʵˣʱʲôĺӦ֪ɣٺ٣˵⻰ַеħ˰һĹɰڷźãֻЩħһȻΪһཻĹ缤תۼγһ֡
ַٺһЦ˽ȥʧ˹С
ַЩħ˰ڵϣëﻹ϶һ˿ۣ૵ܼӣʮİܼӣģȻħ˵ħã÷֡жЩַĳ嶯
һ뵽ǵĳȥַ֮ϣԼڴ˵أֻϨ˼
ǲַƭʱûǾ磬Ѿãһַ
˵ʵַҲԸڴ˶යģԼ¶Ǿȳȥ֮󣬿һԥĽԼɢѰ·飬
һҲֻܸıԣˣֻеԼҲﵽǾ磬ʱӵлԼͬʱǿߣҲǲˡ
ȡħ˰ߣ˫Ŀգǰһ˿޵⣬һ㡣
ƫƫǰЩħɢĸɫȴ·ͨ쳯Ʈȥһ֣Ȼγһɫ򣬳׽û˽ȥ
һգգһܣʱһĹȥϵĳڲȥַȴԭأû˿ı仯


74 ɱ
ħɭֵһյϣһƬˣҪô˫Ҫôؿڣ״졣
ϸһڵϵ˶һͬ㣬ǵǺͶжһѪ˿ʮѾѪֲܿǱһ
һһСߵЩʬ֮ǰԼǰȥˣŭӣ͵Ļͷһ£ŭԴ־Ը֪ͨħɭֳʮֵжָʾ
ǣһŵһԾʧӵС
һ飬СĽ䱸ǿвɵжԣֻԴԮĵ˵һ䣬뿪
һȻܲգԴȻеưõĴС
໡
һӰﱩʨһž޽бռͷͬʱչȫ̵Ĳ˲һɽǰĺڼ˹ȥ
޽һƬ¡¡̶Ʒмŵ֦žžĶ֮
ͨ
ӭӹһڼˣ۵ĹâʱԼֳֶϽ˫ϥ򵹵ͷĿֱԼؿڡ
âã˺䷢һŵʣ˫ĿʹĿһ׳ǿߡ
ͬʱԱߵһĮİҲͬĶʱͨԶʣȻսС
һӳ
һҲһΣʬǰҲα
촫˵ʮôϳأȻ߼˹ʱЩڼڴֲЩľͷײһģѪ⡣
Ȼľ֮߳һɫɾߵˡȻַˣˣë
ʱֻëͷСֵܣһؿǰʮǡγǡˣ󣬾ĪǿҲûˣɱ
˵ֹЦͶɱ֮УɱЩ˵Уֻ˴ﵽ˻Ǿ磬һ˻Ԫߡ
һסһҲΪߵһˣѾﵽ˻ǵĶ壬һȴַסˡ
ڵʮԣֻҪëｫʣµЩ㾳ļһٽ֮ⳡսûʲôˡ
ߺ˵Ҳһ㣬Įһ֮ͱɣͬʱȵס֣
ޱĺԥķ˳˵
ৡһϣĸһݺĲ裬Ȼ糱ˮģԶȥ˲ʧԶ
ûǾȻˡë￴źǽʧıӰĴЦ
֪սȥҲǱ𣿡䵭
㶮ƨֻûѡëһɷ
׳աƲƲ쵭
ëڿûعͷַСֵܣǿ㾹ȻԻ㶥ΪӲƴǿߣȻӲƴԪߣҲò˵Ǹ
ͬʱعͷҲһɻĿַ
ĹȽ⣬ҪʱǿмԼǱڶʱڿʹԼĹַ𺦷ǳ󡣡ԴɳƵɫߺ󵭵Ĵ
ŶԭСֵܣķԺҪϾ֮ëһȻԴĵĵ
ǣȻˣҪΪҲŲƴʹּˣˣλǰ治ԶγˣӦҲûʲôΣˣǾְɡɫߵʾֽ
ǺðɣԺԵټˣζлСֵܵľ֮ˡëһ˿
ٺ٣Ҹȡ裬ллĻͲ˵ˣλˣһַ˱ʾ󣬿첽ǰʵĳӰٷɳ۶ȥ
ֱַʧԶ
ΪС˵ĻëͻȻʮ侲ѯʵ
˵Ǽ٣˵ʲôҪǣѾǴǹط͹ˡƺëﲻôðȻ֮ǰһ
ǾȳˣҲ̫˰ëȻе㲻ĵ
ȻģΪβȥɱûԶ㻹üԶȥַһۣ˵
ߣͲˣʲô⣬ҪΪҲ֪СȻ˵ûǾ磬չʱͻȻϢҶӦˣûǣ˭ţټӸСǸ޻ҶϣҲԲã֮ҿҴˡëһ̧žߡ
ҵֶһˣѵвСӲƴһ𣡣һͷһ޼ʵɭһۺҲȥ


75 ħγ
һ俪չķһ߽߳ߣƫݣһϮƵϳۣʮݵӶǽϵһ鳤Լ׵ˮԴʮֵĲ⡣
ȻˮǵӰڼһӺæֵʮֻֿš
ˮǵӰȴ֮ǰ˵ĺ졣
ֻǴ˴˿ȴû֮ǰֵ԰׵Ѳһϸܵĺ飬֧֧ǡǵģˣ֮Ǵﵽ˻Ǿǿߡһ˵лӵαӦ֪αڻǿУҲʮִġ
ߣαȻ֪˽⣬ʱҲжλڳȻһԪߣڼϵʱһ£˵ܻɱǣסҲǺѰɡֻҪһСᣬӦΧͻ֧ԮǣݵӴϺĽ˵ߵȻԺĽ˵ʮ⡣
һ˫۾ҲעˮĻ¹ĺ졣
ܺеʮ־ֵæǵģ¾ƴҲסǵģ֮ǸɫߵСȻΪֻл㾳硣ȫȴʱǼǿ࿹⣬˽ΪǴɫߵСӱǻƾǿߣֻǲ֪ʲôֶԼΪϾ»ǵһοԽսˣš
ţô˵ǲܹˣǿߣܽǸɱˣˣȻˣͲҪˣϾҲһɱҶ֣ħγǵˮҲ̫ˡȥǼٵʮǵǿǻϣҪħɭǾ֮µ˸ˡӵȻ
֣ҲȫֱðҲǸϽǣ
һӣˮĻϵĹâ˸˼ºϾͰ
һģˣҲһ㱨ġݵˮȫϵѾʧȴһĺһŴ
ħγǣڷƶǵĳУҲħɭһС
ħγǲڷƶħɭֵħγǣɽ̩ųǣ纣ط˵һеġطûκһܹռУһֱһĴڡ
ǵĴʼЩĸ峨š֮أЩط׹ǻҰħ޶һЩðߺӶЩħ޺УΣķ
ط˵ÿסӣһֱû˸£Ϊ˭Ҳ
ȻħγҲĴϣһŵ΢Цţһ·ȫĲȫɢһڱüζ
һȻЩһֱַˡ
ڽϿʱǰһ£ĽϣַһƣȴһСƤһȣ̧ͷȥȴվŸָݡͷɫĺӡ
ַͻȻСлӣƤ͵ԵջһŮУƤеöҾˡͷתȥˡ
ַĿɿڴǸԶȥĶӣãѵСүһл񲻳ɣģÿ˵ؤˡ
ͷһԼĴ磬ͷ۵£ĲƮҷһؤɫ߱űӿЦ⿴ȥеҿĸо
µƤʰ΢΢һ浹һöӨңַָᵯһ£૵һֻ湻󷽵ģʹţȻ͸һöҵ·ѡ
ʶ͸Ƥ㣬̽ڲȴֻһʶַһЦ˸ССĽƣСүҪ浽дЩʲôһʶȻ͸ƤڲֻսѪϴѪĴ֣ޱȡ
ԹԣǼ£ԼǸϽѪͳȥܱĺá㬣öһµ̧꣬˹ȥ
ɸߵſڣϵĻסˡ
ʲˣҪĵطôԶ㣡ڻüͷŭ
ַɵһ̾Ϣ־ͽոյõö˳ȥ


76 ħƤë
һһĻߣ׼ȷ䵽ǸУ죬۵Уַ˽ȥ·ʱŵģ
̵ƹǸӣ˫°ཱུ͡С۾͸žһĻæӹ̨ƨߵߵ˳ЦλүӭС꣬ǧû۵ĻƼƽϣʲ᣿Сȡ
ɽƹһ仰ǻû۵ĶվʲôͲˡݺݵ˵һ仰һѶеöҡ
ˣŵͷ󺹣ڵϣæƹģСľٷˣǧҪС֪߰ˣ־һöҵСѵˣһǷǸԼһǿˡ
ַһۣʲôҲû˵ֹۿ˵ļһʵûʲôøУ¼Ϲŵ·˼ۣŵƹģļķװסĿɨ¼ܣ˵Ǽڰ׷ë
ƹȡǼڰɫ磬ЦǺ˵үǡѩޡƤƳɵ磬ãСõһ硣
ַëƤȻ⻬ĺܣԼħɭִЩħëƤȴǲԶˣҲûжãʲᡮѩޡʲᶫ
ƹ˵öѩޡͨҰޣҲѲ񣬶ҴƤëˮ͸굲磬ϸů
ַһЦȥǲ
ӴүʲôСһһ޶Ķ
ãˣղҪʮ¿һãȫҪˡ
ƹˣһϲ룺ѽͻˣһξ˵ƽµĻָԱߵĻƣһæҰ
Ǯַһ꣬һ£⣬ԼϺûһǮ
Ҫңʮ¿ҪʮңһʮҡƹžЦĴ
ַ꣬ûжƹɻүһʮöҡ
ַüͷڿʲôȴûгǮ˼նʱЩš
ĸҲΧ
˰Σַתͷƹղħ޵Ƥë
ħ޵Ƥëƹһ㶣ҵæ˵գȻա룺Թԣħޣѵһ߲ɣֻŤ
Ҫַ֪һ·ħɭִ˲꣬¾Ͳˡ
ħƤַ⣬л֮ɫһ֮⡣
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ʵҲѹֲţⷲħ޴򽻵棬ɸǸûʣȻҲװεĹˣɶܲܳħƤЩɡ
үܵһħγǣ˽ʽħ޵Ĺصĵ棬һЩˣЩгħƤĿͻҲգʵǵչħëƤǴգֻǴıЩѡһֱһĬĬǸȻ˼䡣
ԭһЩħˣЩ棬ǴĲЩЩĲһҪԿôеַͨüЩš
Ǻǣү֪ʵǽЩħϵӳЩ꣬õ˼ҲЩСһвǵǮЩó˲ҲЩ·ƹӹƵػַһ
ַȻ˶ԷĽͣûЩŽɡ
Īүдħ޵ëƤƹԷͷʵ
Щһλħ޵ëƤ˵Ƿˣַ̧ͷÿɷʵ
ˣˣħƤëĻǻҪǮˣƹַһʣﰵϲæȻص
Ҫ֪ĵ棬ྭӪһ£ҲȲϵõһħëƤħƤëɵйϲķΣֻƽħ޵Ƥëʵ̫СˣԶԶǹӦϣǻȱ
ǰλȻòҲ󣬵˼ұϾߣ˵ħƤëˣ϶ԣΪڴ
ϵȷЩħϵĲϣëƤȴֻ飬ɺãһˣһ飬һƤãһһƤëǮ͵㣡æģƤû֮ǰȷöҵѺַĬһ󣬲ŵ
ȻԣүھҪǼƤС϶ʱԿʼƹַ˵ʱһھʹӦӻϰ죬öһСѵҷַǰ
ȻԽԽãһñַ֤ǿġθУͳһһëƤ˹̨ϣ˹̨ϵĽҲŵһЩҪ򣬵Ȱ󣬾ͻȡ
ַһж˵ˣͲԸڴ˶赭дĸǺת߳˵̡
үߺãƹ˵仰漴ͻָ̬æµ


77 С
ַ˵̣óһƤüȻ˼ҵǮȽⶫͳȥĺáڽֵϱһ·򣬱㳯ǰȥ
ԵջСַװ磬Ȼüͷȴûֹꡣ
ڣַۿȥֻ߰ˣڽŶŮӣһŮһūװΣ뵽ǸŮȴӰһ廨ȹ̬ȣǸ˵İŮˡ
ַֻ޹ֵǣŮû˿ԾһͨˣǸɢˮԪصֻһûɻαԪߡ
ʱСַûнз˵˼һӿַ䵭λ͹ۣ֪ǷԵˣ
е£ߡһ䣬ַ̧š
ԲסǳԷĵطҪ飬ȥɡȴСȻЦݣȴ䵭֮
㣿ԴַҲǷ
ɾʱֻһĿȻС磬ǹһˣҵϺˣ
ַ΢΢һĿȥɿǸŮתͷ
Ůӿȥʮ쵰ѩ͸źΣһ˫۴ģ֮䲨
ַӣ΢һЦعͷ
Сĳǲַ룬ǼҿºܿҪͷˡ뵽еǷѪ̾Ϣ
ιӣôϿҼСѽʱڰŮŮͻȻַЦǲǾҼСƯ㿴Щɵˡ
ѾҪ˵Ů̧ͷݺݵŮһۣȴͷһЦɾʱѾͷȴסһӹһ˿졣
ŮüôˣԷ
С㣬ɵСӣ߹ˡƤŮͻȻ˵һ䡣
ŮڻͷַллСˣֻȷʵзȴҪ㡣˵꣬һǿƤ䵽ϡ
ӣǣŮۿȥϵǿƤЩͿˡ
ƤŮƲ֪ˡһ꣬ͻȻ־ͳǿƤץȥǵոմһʱͻȻɫ䣬һһУ𣬳ַ
ַȴ΢΢һЦָֻ΢һ㵭Ļִϻ
ƤŮ;ַɵɵվԭأûһ˿ܵ˼һûһ˿ѵֻһŵģɱҲϷˡһֱ̧ȴֻǽַĲϡ
Ƥȵ˭ģ
һ˲ˣļһַԪػ겻ͬϢɢ˾ͨ죬ֻƤŮƤԼûɱ⣬ϵĻ֣Ҳһûڲϣص
˵ϸ㣬Ȼɱ㡣
˵ֻһţǡַ΢΢üЩҪֻһһѷĳļʺ
Сԭʹ˫İַЩζЦã૵СŮ⽣ǧҪúˣҪ׼ҿҪˡһ䣬˵ġ
Ѿ⹫ӰɣʱֻǰŮгǿƤɫ΢΢е԰׵
С㣬ôУˡ
ˣѾ㲻Ҫ⹫ûйϵʱǰŮˣʹӣ֪ŵǸǷһɫĶ񣿡
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ַȺһüʵĴվֵĿַһۣɻĺܣϵĺ£Լһˣû˵ʲô
ʱսѷı仯ͷõĻȻʹõޱȣһҶԷҲӵлȻвһ֮£ߺܿʹ·硣
ڳһЩҽȻҲ֪ƴȥԮߣȴܱЩΧסҲǲҶ
ʱʿһЦ˵϶ĻҪǷ¶лᣬԾµȻᣬøҡ
ǹֵߴ˿ɫһᣬͻȻ֣ҧ˵϶֪Բ󵱼ңǰݣҺһ
ʿЦô˵Ҳ֮еһӣô˵Ļѵ㲻֪ͽݵֵƢ𡣡
ͷˣݲұ䣬ŭȵȻҪ˾·ϷҲҪᣡһ䣬﷢֮ӳʳָָȫԪ֮ѡ
еķҲ֮
ǧնͷл³ͳɳƵͬģһɳİѹ纣籩֮ʱ쫷һ㣬Ժ䡣
ǷϵԪߴﵽƾʩչĽУôܣףеĶϵħˣǻڵģʱʿǼ˼ͷ˵ƣ޲ȻˣջǹȻæˡ
֮УͷܿʼŵɫâķС
ЩޱȵСУָʾγһȦǵƶٶȷǳ죬ڰзţХƿ֮ķУǴϿȥļµ
ͷΪһķУɷ󣬴ﵽȺɱЧƴĳȡڵԪ֮ȵͷųڶеʱɫѾ콴ϣҡҡ׹
ŷԪʮ꣬˿̽ŻڵķϵħˣһʩչķУġǧնǲ˲٣Ҳ㹻ˡ
Ԫ֮ѳȡﵽޣٲͷųȥֻԼ͵÷ɣƲסЩˡ
ȥͷһ˫һӣУһ㣬ָȺ򣬿ȥɲǼ䣬Ƿбǧϸ⣬Ŀ
꣡
꣡
꣡

ɵСͷ󣬼һι˶ЩˣȻҲַڣ磬ͷŭʱ֪ã˵ȫʩչ˳длԼڰҲ˱Ƶϴ
ˣûַôˣǵסȥ·ˣߣͨߣܻľʯ飬ЩУһ⣬鿪
ԺǸˣٴ⵽еĿϮҽеأˣߺ
΢Ʈ֮ɢȥʱԺаҰɢʬ֫Ĵǣ޵
ʿҲһĲҺײʯǽ¿㾡٣Ʈ䣬ģȴŵ⽻֯ףһα
αͷȻŭĿ
һǧնǧСʿ¶η֮ɫȻԼܵļʱα壬Ҳ˼Ѫۣһƣֻʪʪģ֪ʱ߳һѪ
̧һ֪ʱоȻ˸ѪҲǸղЩ̡
ĿǿȥһĿڴ˼пڷǳƽĿӣǰ͸߹ǵѪڿӿضǣȥʱ
һվǰͬʱд͸ûһϢҲĲˡ
û뵽ͷĲһȻǿ߱˸е˼顣
ͷʩչꡮǧնԪ֮ĽߣȫҲǾʧͨһڵϣɫҰףǴҲ˿˿ѪޱȣƺʱԶϡ
ʿһת¶֮ͷǰҪһ䣬Ծ󻼣һǸʲô󵱼ҵģ㻹ҪҪ
ĺܣƮ·ÿ˵һ֣㻻һλ˵ⷬʮλȻ֪ǺˣҲ֪ǴӺδģʿ΢΢һЦηһ˻
ǵص㵨ͷë˱үĺ£֮󣬾
⻰ʿЦֻһɺֱͷһֻ֪˵֮ˣԼȴƫƫҲⲻ˵Ϊ˿֮ôĿתܣȴͣͷϡ
ʱǰ巢ϢĪɱǺѸϵˡ
ʱһ£ǰһ󵱼ңǰ֮ڲ㣬϶ΪŲ
ʿһɣŭ㶮ƨһæ˵һԣĬȻ
ɾʱһӰͻȻ룬ַҲӦõβʱˣϢʿ
ڳҴˣͻȻӰıٶסˡ
ȺʣµһߣͻȻһ˴ܵǴ󵱼ҵ󣬲ɱߵ˻һ󵱼ңСı󣡡
˭ʿ͵ķޱȵĻӶǹǹмǿĻַȴһǹһɫָ˿ֺδ˼ַֺ
ʿĿɿڴУַһЦȥɣһͻȻһûóɵ֮ظҽ̳Ѫ
ʿһ˫۾ѪӿزſڣĲģڸѪ˿ôҲû뵽ԼȻȥ
˵ʬ׵һԣַתЩˣǵҵĶˣ͸ȥɡ
ʿһС׵Ľ˶һĻĿɿڴҪȥ˲Լͬİ߾ۼǼϡ
ǼҴ໥һۣͻȻ۸ţɱΪҵı𡣡
Щ߶ϼ޻ļһҪɱַʲôΪҵı𣬶ڳַֻһǿˣֻҪɱǾͿΪΪʱЩҵû£Ǳǣ̰һ𣬾ɱַŽϸߵΣԣҲòˡ
֪ַ׵ĴԽʮɵľ룬һӰ׷׳Щߺ󷽣Ǻ޷չɱûܹ⡣
֮һҽк󣬱һƬš
صԭʱղЩдߣѵѪС
ЩոҪĺ˿һĻٿ˿еĵѪ֪˭һɤӣͻȻеﰡܵĲӰ
һܣ˶ˡˣˣܿ죬еĺ˱Ÿɸɾˡ


84 һ֮ŵ
к˶ȥ󣬺ͷϵղǶлӳֻǲ֪ӡ
סлĻ˵Ӧ֪ҲΪʲôġַ΢һЦĵȺ򷢼ˣȴԼĿˡͷĻعͷȴͷվɫҰܣȻҲѡ
һЦͷ㻹ӲʣѪĽߡʧھȻվأҪ뱾үмô
ͷЦϷԩ޳ʲôöģ˵ھһҲˡ
ַЦ㵽֪֮ˣϻҲ˵ˣóɣȻٺ١˵ĿɨڳҴһЩ˾ͷƤըͷ
ͷȥǵѪεûǿߣЩҶвϷʲô͡
ַɴ۾һ޹˵ʲôүûЩɱֵ˼ֻЩ˵УôûпŮѲ֪ڽӣˣĻǶŮϡַǰʶ鿴ƶǵ϶ŮߣԲų֣ͷʳŮ֮
ɲԸ⣬ϰ죬ͷȴǰæһ
Ȼһ⻰ͷɫһ䣬ٵССͣȴǻĺܣǶȷʵŮϣܴӦϷһǹҲη
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ȴͷһЦӵ̰֮ˣǾʹˣʵ㣬㲻ӦϷΰٰĥϷҲܴҿеõһǵϢ
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ͷɭĿϣһ˿ĪЦ⣬׵˺üδ䣬ͻȻ˻֣ЩվԺеȫ˳ȥ
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һЦٿȻֹ˻ַȻһſȴ˵ֻͷĿ⻺ԼϣֵǼ޸㣬ôϷҲͷˡ
ַкȻһ𣬴˰Σŵ˵ѵͷҪ֮𣿡
ȻȴҲ벻ͷҪԼģ֮£һԼ񲻽ͷˡ
ͷ΢΢һЦǴ¡ҿΪ飬ڵҹȴҲӦġ
ַ˶һܲٻʵû˵ôã˺óɵոϲǣԸҲǵᡢϲŭޡιͷôѣѰ
ַ˫󷢶ͷ˵ĻûУһ
ͷѴ֮ʣǻַĻֻһ˶Զ϶һ񣬱ضһӸ㣬벻ɱ
һ٣ֽŵ㲻ҪΪ㣬࣬ϻ۹ˣҲͬʱӵлϵԪػߣԺǰ;ҲǲϷɢҲƣһ鵤ȥϵ±˷ߵݣӺǵһЩϢܽĲ룬ȥԻ鵤֮
һŽɫֽŵַУͷһգ˫һ䣬ʹȥˡ
ַľȻĽеֽƬһվͷ˵ǧ˼ת֪Ǻá
ʱֻһ˹ܼģļڵ˽Цһ׿ڴӦҼүģɷһԼȳ׷ֻǸԳеĴɷ֪ߺߣȴģδ˼Ƽˣʵʧúܡ
ַĿһʰֻ϶Ŀ֮УǼЦ֮⣬вѪӿСүȻǸӣҲһʧ˵Сˣ˶ڨЦҡ
һˣ֮䣬¼׿˵ȻԲᷴڣʱһүֻѰȥȢС㡣
˵⻰ʱַɫݣʱ˵ȴǾϣС϶һ˵һȳһգҴȥˡ
ַû֮£ѯʮСˣץ׵ʹȴ˵ԺԼүҪصˡ
ֱһаźú˦䣬뿪


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αѵ绹鵤ַվڽֽ䣬Žɫֽɨһۣ㶪˿ռ֮У֮ɫ
ֽ˵⡮αʱһϹŵҩ
˵ͻƾʱܷô˵Ǳô롮αľ磬ֵҩĹҲЩˡ
Ҫַ֪ϴħɭִӻλʱαǾ磬ǿħħ˵İ£һαǣǾλġ
ҪֻǷǴαֵľ磬Ǵţ㻹û磬ҲֻһֻſˣһȴŶ룬һʵɾʹۿˡ
Ƴ⡮α߶ԣĺôЩڡα硯ߣǾ͸ˡ
ֻЩͻƿҩĩھѾ˴У䷽ʧˡ
ڵ߽Ҳ֪ĵ
Լеֽϣȴһ鵤ַҲЩˡ
ֽȻûмءα֮ȴǽαϢд˵ĹܣԼҪĸֲЩڵĵص㡣
ֵƲַڴŪеζϣȴЩˡ
һǡʥݡݣʵַǰԹǶеõġʥײݡֻǴӡʥײݡʥݡȴٻҪʱпܡ
һζȴѵˣ涾ߣѩһּħߣȻֻлڵʵ䶾֭֮ǿ֮죬ǻǿߣҲǲԸ
ֱѩصĵطѩͬɫ䴦ʱ֮£ҪԸϼѡ
뵽ַüͻȻ̧ͷǰȥ
ϢǼٵİɣһĲŵ
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ΪʲôϣҪ֪меİôԼţ󺺵ӦòԼģǱġ°Ͳ²
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Ҫʼˣȥȥ󺺽
ȥȻȥͲܵõȥҲðĴɲ١ӵ

ԼǲҲȥˣȻԼҲֻ֪ǿŴӽԶȥıӰַ
ˣԼҲûȥˡᣬַǺܸȤģ˵ϵƷǺģÿԼʶһ
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֪ԭԼĻֻͨϯλ볡ƱһЩߵϯλǮҲ͸ߡ
ַȴǲЩȺеȴĿʼ
ΧǴ඼ŹʵķΣԴʾԼĸ㣬¥ϵĹƣĵ١
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޴ˣȻ˹سˣ԰
ŵΪегɸ˻ˣǰԭɣñŵһ˿ͬѰζһͳӴĴǲ١
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ڵŵŽʱſڴ߽һȺˡ
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һȺУȻһϤףǰͨӶưɼǸˣԱվһŮ
ްӣӣǣǣôˣ죬룡
ŵﷺֹһС峤ԳݣٲμᣬÿֻЩǰû뵽ξȻ˶۹ӵܣܲԾ
ҵõϢлϲμˣްֱ˵ŵʵ
ǵģֻ˽׵ġԷеĲƣǳԹɫĻСʵ
ǺǣҲˣӦʶˡ
ȻްЦ£ŵȴе˺⣬˵ްǸˮ˫ϵԪ˵Ц˸о䣬Ҳ֪ﵽʲôȼˡ


86 Ͼ
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ҲӦÿʼˡַ
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ĸλʱѾˣǾͿʼɣϾⲻǵһˣл˵һƷǡ
Ķһöں棬ַһβμӣÿһƷĵڿ
ƷԣܣƷĽ⡣
ᲨĽšĿǰΪֹĳߵװһ˷󷨵ɫƤףĳ1005ҵļ۸ĵߴźڽò
棬һƷҪˣҶȼ˰ɡ̨ϵŮЩɵĺЦ
Ǻǣλ룬һȤŮЦĵһӣһ̴Ӹæһ̣иŰɫıɴ
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ʯȻֻ˽׻ҲǱȽѵˡҶ֪ͬУӵлٿʹԼʵ߶ɡջĺ촽΢΢³彿õó˹ͷЩ顣
ʯһȭͷСɺ֣ȻŻȻ󣬵ȷǻϡ
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ڵļ۸񲻶ϵķڣֻƬʱ䣬ѵһǧĸ߶ȡ
ٴγƬ̣ͬʱ¥һдһǧ
һ䣬᳡еǰһЩޱ飬ֻþɥ˻ȥǿûʵˡ
ٺ٣ް£㲻Ѿлôôʯ⣿һЦһд˳
㣬ѵ˻ӻôް뷿е˲·ֱЦ
ҲõǸСҲǿںһ򣡡
һ壡

ʮӵʱ䣬ڳ˾㵵ĿУ˾Ȼͬʳһ㣬۸̧һϾҵĽλǴˣǮûһ˿֮С
򣡡
ȻһĿⶼȻתƵڵǸ䡣
ٺ٣㿴ǶʯڱصðްЦ
ҪǣҾԲٳۡķд˳ߣ壡ްһ
Ǻǣް£ʯˣȻʧܣԵʮֵĸˣ¶ֻ
ްӳ۶Ͼңɻ˼ӼۣƽĳУŮ΢Ц
Ȼ˼ӼۣǴʯްӹ£ûӦŮҲǼþգǶ
ϾңճһĻַզզ࣬ЦЦһЩܼӣ൱ڶٶңһ˼Ҳľ޶ƸȻޱȣۣǴ󳬳ļֵվӣҡҡͷ߳
ڵԼŬɣ½ʵϣȻѾﵽ˻Ǿ磬ԼһСĿܾͻûʵŵʱַƽ


87 ɭֶᱦս
ħγ⣬һɭִľطȻŨʮֹ
ȫڵˣڵҲֻһСƬյأַ㡣
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ַڤţȻдһǿֱִӳԼ
Ȼ֪ǺǽƾоǿԼǿ϶˵Ľ
ַ־ŭȻ˫ۣȻһݣһ´ڵʮԶһ
ͬʱһɫĹԭĵطֱӴ䵽Զɢַɫ
˭ַվľϴŭ
Ȼ˰죬ȴһ㶯ҲûУǺǰԶ޺𲻾ڶ
ַ΢侲ǰСȥ
Ȼ߽ˣǰ龰󣬲ɵĿɿڴ
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ҸλɢͻΧɣַ˼֮ʣǼλԭȻЭˣھ޴в£һɢˡ
ΪʣĹˣӲȥҲֻ
ԻһɢͷÿɿЩ
Ȼõһһ׷ϻɱҲпһʱ׷ӵü
ΪȫɱһҲܷŹްһӣһǰһ󣬷ֱ׷ɱһɢ֮ˣһնɱ˺
мѾɭӰˣ˻ްӵԱߡ
һնɱǴﵽǾ⣬㶥ĻҲͬ˳ȥȫ˺ۣҪָ²һʱеˡ
һվʱɭԶԶķɶݶȥգۼʧɭ
ްվڵȴ˿ûۿǵԶȥûһҪ׷ϵӣ
ַӲЩŹ֣λղĺӦòôŹǲŶԣѵʲô֣
Ҳ²֮ʣǰȻްӱĻ㿴ôʱϷǲǵȵ̵ĺʱˣó˰ɣ


88 ȸ֮
ַһһȫºֱð
ԼôԶһԼϢôˣѵʲôƨӵʶô̬뵽ɵĸ˿ĭᵽɤϡ
΢˼ºַɵϴɭԶݶȥʡɱ
ɫߴϣжʱٴһްӵľٶⷬ˼ˡ
ްߵת򣬲ָڵķ򣬶б˲ԶһƬɭС
ַԾزҧסԼͷ
ȻеҲڴ˵أ޲
ֻƬľһƬӿ
ǺǣǿɲʲộˡЦɭд
ȴַʶһˡǡ
ֻǲĴ˳ŮӲ
ߣҿɲҺֵܣ˵ղһ˺ûһϵ𣡡ްߵ
֣ԩֵˣҲֻ۹;ȤЩ̰֮ӵȤζˣҿû͸¶Ŷһεްԩˡ
ӵȤζû͸¶ҵݣҿİɣҪ͸¶ҵݣǻ˻Ҵҵ𣡣ްߺ޵
Ŷҵ죬ԩǼСôҪ޴ӵ죬Се
ôģӦöеٴҲȻްÿһۣеĳ˽
ȻްִҪôΪҲû취ˡװģ̾Ϣ
㣬ߣްȴҲģתԱߵŮʵ幫ô쵰һ𣿡
ԼһûסԼǰʧ
幫ַֺͻȻһ
òǰСʱ򾭳ǸݵСƨŮɣûھȻ˸ɰ˶ˡַĬĬ
ҵ鲻ܣ幫Ŀд
ǺǣްǲǺܶʼҰްӳԱȻܸˡ
ߣʼ㣿ˣҪΪһʲôŵģʲôҶްοݣҶṫʲôǷ֮벻ɣ
Ȼû뵽ްӻô˵ʱӲҭһʱˣȻҲһҵĴүλ۹ѷɫˡ
幫ѵҲΪʯǵĻ˵һ¾ˡްһӣʱǿŵʯϣ幫ǰ
ްȻҲпռ洢Ʒֻǲ֪ʲôط
ǡ幫ƽĿһʯҡͷ
ҪҪһȥϾħɭΧҵĺܣû˲ð㡣
ˣͬţӦûʲôˣҴǵ⣡ҡҡͷȻ
幫ѵҾûһôӦ֪ȴްҲܲ幫ƽı飬̲ס˵
ס졭幫ɫһ䣬ŭ
ȻްӸղҪ仰幫Ľɡ
ȴһμްӳԱ̲סĴЦֱһᣬָްµղ˵䲻ϣûе쵰ȻҲ⣬Цˣ
幫ԲҡŶˣʯ㡱ްһʱ֪룬æʯ幫ȥ
ҡ幫Ҫܾء
顱ȻһһӰзӶֶްֵʯһָ幫֮ϣͳɭȥ
ʯȻǶҪ͸˼ҰɣŮҲǸĺ¯ϷҲһˡһĹЦɭ
ͻȻıʣް£һˣʧ룬һʱ䣬ľ֪Ǻã
ͬҲŬСʱЩַ˾㵣
벻쾹Ȼô¹ʷ
쵰ǻվʲô׷ȥ㣬ް»عɫ䣬Ȼŭʱָ׷ȥ
ַűӿЦһҲϢ׷ȥ㻹һɣ
㣬ްµ˴żУҺ󣬲ľŨ쳣䣬صûתͨУǰһξѾʧȥ˵Ӱ
ô죬ҡҡȥ˽ô죿Ѳ幫Ӱһɫ԰ף
Ȼѡ˸򣬴Լ£ãĿɭִ
ҲҪҵʲôô󵨣Ȼ۹֣ްµĿһۺһȻʹһѰȥ


89 Ƹ
ǰʮһӰٶȼд
ַˣ˦ЩʱͶһȫ׷٣֪ù־Ȼ˵Ӱˡ
Ǹ׷ߣɢĳϣһϣסͻ𣬳֮ȫѪɫ촽ѣһӷǳˡ
ʵ𡭡ӸоԼǿ˲֪٣˵ԼǲӦ׷İ
ȻϢȥǿκΣʱǿʱٶҲֻԼôһ˿ַ֡
ѵͷٶԼϸһҲԣûҪô鷳ͷʵȫԻعԼ
Ҿһʱ׷٣ַҲͷϢҲڻҸԭ
ʱǰͷҲ֪Լ˸ˣͻȻȫ١ֻŲƣͲӰ
ףȥˡոСٵַͻȻͷŲ󣬾ͲӰˡ
ͷԼѵҰٺ١ַߵͷղʧĵطűеƨ뵽
Ӧе㲻ܰɣַԼǳţҲԼĲее㲻˼顣
ɲܹҰѾˡȷĲͷӰַε̾Ϣ
ǰ˼ʮ׺󣬻Χ泤ݴȴԼֵַе֣ѭȥ
Խǿһ֣Խòƺĳֶʲô˵Ķڴ
߽ݴһַס߰˸ߵĳݣŵȥȻ˶ڵϣֻסͷкɺɳȻ沿飬ӱȾ亹ͷڳܼʹࡣ
幫Աһ鲻ԶĲݵϣ⣬ڵȫãȻͷסȫ硣
ٺ٣ԭͷϿ϶ʲô⣬ҪȻҲ÷ԼˣڻһģַЦļתԼĻһȫ׵ѩĳ۳ʵ߳
һƷ紫ڼѹԼ۵ͷȻһ̧ͷһԾַ͵ϮκΣַһʹȫ
ͷֲʹּȵأҽһͬŵڵƵķգͬʱַеĻ꽣ͷ
һ·Ѫɰ׺ͣ
ַҲվͷԶͷϵʯ󣬰˿ĵӦ˰ɣ
ߵ幫⿪ͷµĽƣվ𡭡
Сģ
ѹ幫ͻȻַ󣬴е
ַӦñȽϿ죬幫һУ֪²ȫ˫֮ϣ幫ұѸһ͵ʮɿ⣬һɢҫ۵ɫڸղվ֮ը
幫󣬾ֻͷѪȫ˸ȻˣؿڻѪע·Եħɭ£˫Ŀ⣬³ݲ壺㡭С֣죬Ȼ͵ϮңС֣Ҫңɢ
ַͷģȫ˸
ģѵǲ֮Ҵ̳ܻʱַٴҲȫֱð
С쵰ɱңߣ֮ءͷһ·Ѫҡҡλε˹̨ݺݵ˵
㻹ʲô׳Ůˣôܣַعֻ幫վɫ԰ףѪͷȻҲסˣַʱһ
ţŶллңܸ˭һᱨġʱ幫Ȼ˹Įɫߵ
ãҵĿ㡭ֻ˳㡣ַеʯƽ
ô˵һᱨģСˣˡ幫Ǹɴַֻ֪࣬˵󣬾Ͷɭ֮С
ֱ幫Ӱʧַź˿Ȼ񲽲ͷ
¡¡СӣȻҵ˵¯ˡͷһЦ
ݡ
һٶȼַ
ҿƾĸ֣ôô̬ӴˣôôǿַȫһԾԼǽ䴩ľƵ
СӣٶȲ𣬸¡¡ȻܶҵĹοô㡣ͷһ࣬ұһӣγң㻮һ
ͷһг֣ƽ棬ʵȴѽַǰѨȫס
ַȻľ֪ͷʵԼǿϲ٣ŶһУ
䣡
˫ʵȻһ죡ַף⡱ѪȻܴᣡ
СӣΪֻл㾳磬ô֮󣡡ͷҲɫһ䣬ȴԭز
ҪֻлΪŲϲˣӰˡַĵ
ַҲһֻ̾ôɱͷͷתȥ
ڣѾͷӦѾԶ˰ɣַԼεĿѾﵽҲ⡣
ͻء
ַǳһͷҲȻȣ
ء
ӰٿطֿһɭзӶȥ
ͷСүˣһˣҲˣŵɭд
쵰СӣҪۿַʧԼ׷ϣŭһһӡ
ԡԱߵľŭһʱľɡ


90 ƻ
Ϧ£ڤڤֺһ޼ʣ
γǶʮﴦҰ˿ʹӳһ²ȱΧǽΧǽ棬뻨䣬ȤȻ
Ǵ˿ȴ̲ð·ׯ԰Ѻܾû˾סˣ
ءһӰգɳ۶룬Ĵת˼ת󣬱Ѱһط¡
ַٰͷûֱӽγǣ丽˴ķѾõׯ԰Ϊʱ֮ء
һȻͷȥҵԼȻԼߣѱ䲻ϳǹʱٳֵĺá
ڶǺǣԼıȻ˲ϣʱʱ˵ԼȻһĻܹʱȴأʱȴܹʱ̫ˡ
͵͵šַһǿʯУû뵽ⶫȻϣĹ⻪Ȼֻ˽׻ڵԼҲѾˣǺǣ˲ַ̫̰׵ġ
ַϸĽ֮лһ飬֮ƻԻߵ֮ΪԴϣʡ
ȷûʲô¶ַͿʼ״λ֮á
ɫ˫ֲ£ǰ΢΢۾ʯظھһҵĿвҶ˺ɫĹâ
ַһָһ֮𲻶ϵע뵽ʯ棬û˿ͣ͡
緢֮ȼţ޳ʯʣַ֪̲̫
ԼСʱ˶Ѿʼ΢΢Ȼȫעųƾžŵס
˲ú󣬻ʯڱ۽ΪһҺ壬ʱַ죬ģԺҲ
ƻûнҺ廹ű仯ɫɺɫɫת䣬Һ˿ʼ˱Ρ
ַϵб仯̬һɫĽʼΣڷѾԼһ㾫п뼸󷨺󣬲صĺ˿۾
ĥ˰Ȼûкϴһ˯˹ȥҲԶˡַһƣ
һƮԼǷŵâĳַҲɵһϲ
һӣͨġ콣õ֣㡰ಡһɵС
ٽһӣһһɶ೤Ľջ
䡫ǰǽѳɵ룬пƽûһëס
ýû뵽ȻƳ˽λַʱϲ
ȻǺöֻûܰͻȻһЦַͷ죬һӰѹ
ַ¶һ˿ĪЦ⣬֪֪˵˵Ĵһ㣬ͻȻһΣԾʮɿ˵͵Ϯ
ַһ䣬ɾ䣬ڱصõһȻַ˹ȥһ䵽ϣҲ׷ǿַЦСӣ㲽أֻڻľʶ࣬ϻһԷһ·
ַһۣ΢΢¥һڲסĿЦ㵹ɵĿɰѵΪһֱûзĴôٺ٣СүֻĶֶѣû뵽ԼɵɵĳǾֻ·ˡ
ԭʩչݣڰַ֪ϢĹҲΪַ֪ڸȴ֪ϸλֻװɲ֪һζƻ
ʱһɣԼװɻĹȣ˳
Ҳ֪һضıʱᣬʱڣһֱţַȫʣ޼ʱ˼ȫ͵Ϯָһɱ
ַֻһ⻹ûĻͿֵȴַ֪꣬ͬߵģԣ㲻ʲô
һʧܣǰơ
ͻȻַͻȻȫϢɫ䣬һְأȵԪܡשȻһڰ͹ܲ͸ļڡ
ԭǸڵϵԪߣַЦһҲһַ꣬Ʈ˵Ԫǰ
Ȼһŭһһƹ⣬һǽڣǽѣųΪ
ַЦһЩŲʣһ콣һֱǰԪܣ׵
ֻͷһеˣ죬ԼƣȴأԶ˶վڵϣϾ
תδǰתǰδеʹӿ«ʯУŤ£ѼȻȥ
ԭַȫת콣ɨпǰԪܣ˭սס˳б£һǿ߽سΣֻ̫죬ִ͵Ľλַа壬գ谭ǹ֫ضϣҲδʱоʹ
֮ɱˣַҲĸ죬һֻûʹùֽλܺܺõգֵĹܣǸùļһҲ벻ԪΪʲôû˿á
Ϊ֮ˣҲȡַ˵ʬһۣͻȻ΢һҪһ㣬һھѪ絽콣ϣѪһӴ콣̷ɿĶУӰ١
ھѪʱַЩȻԪ֮ȻֻһҲƣĸоȴ˷֮顣
ⴿ͵Ļûʱôһȫ»Ӳ٣Ȼ˵࣬£ûгʲôˡ
һһֶΣҲһˣ
һкַŷãȫãͻصħγǡ
ʱħγǷһĴ£ԵöӰģĪħɭˣȻûжγ˶֣һЩС壬һɢγǣͻȻһҹ֮ʧ
о۹°ȻѾ˾ȳ۹BOOS϶ôˣ˵ѾһӻʼӰγ׷¡
һʱ䣬ħγǵһЩΣͬʱ֣˲Լͷϡ
ַԴ˵ûôں¼ҹһֻҪʱСĵ㣬ǣȥˣ
ַԼؼƻʱ䣬Լͻ뿪ħγˡ
صԼ֮ǰסǼӶɣּһЩ󣬾ͿʼȥֵӶֻᣨԪصӶ½ڹ֮󳬼鿴ûн뿪γǵŶӻ֮·ȫϵҪϲ١


91 ·
ͨӶɴַСϵĲˮ̸
иͷһЩǼҶˣӶֲʿǴﵽα㾳Ϊÿʮң㾳ΪһٽңǾΪһǧҡкܶ˶ˣ磬ȥȥһӶԼԱߵһƤ׳˵
ȥôȥģħγҲе㲻ƽˣ뿪ĺã׳
ַЦ뿪ˡȻӶֻиƸᣬڼУһƸ˶ʮٶˡ
ڶ죬Ϊ˵Ϣ󡣸Ǹˣ˵һǿҲˡ
ѾǵˣӶֲĴڶվˣ϶ʼ˳ӡ˳棬ƸԱòƸֳ֡
Ӵ֮๤ĻԭطС
ˣòƸص档
Ƹ졣ʱ䣬Ƹ˰˰ٶˡ
״ԭһγȷʵƽ뿪뿪һǵѡ
Ǹɱ޷ģÿ͵Ķʮɫ㹻һСͥʳá
ַҲһ飬ͳ΢˽һ³׼ȷʱصַͻصͨӶưɣ
һҹ£ܿ͹ȥˡڶ쵱ַʱصʱѾͷˡ
ַһˣϴľŴȺм˽ȥ
صĴ˿ڴ΢Цλһֱڶߺȵڴȥ
٣壬˭˰ַڴߺȵ
ôСֵܣʲô𣿡ڴԻת˹ͷ϶źЦݡŶǺǣǽǷ˽ַһЦǷ˳
Ŷڴ㶣ιӶǵǻ̻ĴܼңҼǵãεĿĵǺǺǣСֵܻ𣿡
֪γĶһЩ̻ӦҲСɣΪʲôҪһЩΧԱ뿪ַɻʵ
ٺ٣ҾͲ֪ˣҲֻǴһЩյˣڴ󺺼һʵ
Ŷûˣл˰Ǻǡַ΢ЦĴл
ȥţνˣǺǡ½ԼİģȥǶһַĵ
٣СӣˣŶˣ˵ﵽ˻㾳磬ȥǱߴʮα£ŶЩһˣԼСĵɡЦڴ󺺣ȻһЦĿź
ַ΢΢һЦʶչǴЦأǾԼҪˣҪң򡭡
ǣ첻Ը
٣ǰǸСӣүվסҲ𣿡һԶַ뿪Ĳ˻
а̾ϢһΪʲôôˣϲԵͷ󣬲ܱʵתĿȺԽԽӶ
ȺӶͷˣһλž޴󽣵Ĵ󺺣ַǱĿⶢһͣЩһ漴ֹһŭĸоĵðԼıԵУôĹȻᱻһͨ˵Ŀˣ
Ҫ˳ȥԼôӶ졣
߳ŭĴ󺺣ž޽ŭĳȥݺݵĵС˵㿴ʲô
˵ʲôַ͵̧ͷڵͫһ˿ĹâǰĴס
ÿµ񣿡󺺻һļݺݵһϵĺëĽ岻ĺˮʪˡ
Һ˵ַĿ³
ǡЩͣԴת죬Ѹٵת˻ͷǺǣҿӳкǺǣˣӳǵǱߣָ㿴ģ
ŸЦѵĴ󺺣ַ΢ƣŶûˣǿϳˣ
æ㶯ͷ­ǺǣǵģǵģϾҪˣӳϳˡ
ַĵ˵ͷת˴ָӣһɫЩεĴ󺺣ԭ
һƵϵ¹һţȴ¹ǿ׳ʮֹ¹ǷڹâԼжߣһĨϣΪһҰС
رƤ죬Ҳʮֿ²ú󳵶Ӿͻ·ˡ


92 ̻ı
һĴϣһӿٵǰޱ߼ʵĻ
ڵˣִַ򿪳ʵ
ӳʱҪˡַԱߵǴæ
ǡַָ棬ૣͱۣ˼״̬
ǰУ·;ϵûʲôķ粨һжƽ
̻յİ˰ٶӶ⣬䱾ٶ˵̻ỤΪҲﵽα㶥塣
һǧٵӶ飬࣬һΣϾǴпսʿ˴˷ֹȷ
ǿӶţȻʵߣȴҲµκǿߡַҲΪɵһǻ̻ЩĬжѻȸ֮ϵӥصɨš
̻ᾹȻ治ΪʲôҪʵԵһӶַĵ
еҫգһĹҡ֫ȥʧڵཻһߡ
ɫһ漴ֱһһ£
ûмߣΪֻҪ΢е㳣ʶ˶֪Ұ⣬ҹòҪߣǲбħޣϲûʱȻûЩж࣬Ҳɽ֮ӣԭĻĵأӵСġ
ַ򿪳˳ҹ罫ַķ˿Ʈɣ¶ǳڵͫס
Цһҽ㣬Ʈȥת۱һĶ㣬ӭһɡ
ףתعͷǳ֮мãʹվַ۾΢΢һУͬʱҲɻ
ôˣôĵƻû˲ҪϢ۾΢΢һɨڵԼӰ
ţַڼĳƮ֮⣬СĿ˸϶ȥ
ϷһλߣЦݣؾǻ̻ε֮ˣվˣӦĻ·ϣȴʮ󺺣ϢʮֵǿѾһֻſ˻ƾļһƾôһ㣬ƽŰ·վʮҲǻǾλĸ֡
ҹۻᣬǷǼ鼴Ĺˣַĵ
ˣ϶֪ԼѾУ鷸Ƶİ񰸣ȻΪԼԩ
ǺǣλֵܣҪ£뿪γĿꡱǰϵĲ豭Ц
ŶĿ꣬ǵȥ𣿡һŵĴüͷһЦѵҪıж·ߡ
оһЦһֵܣǰ˵ЦҪֻǻغҽôʲôǺǣغֻǻӣ̻νдΪǵõԭһֻħ޵ѵֲԲһˣھʹһ¶ѡ
ַ۽ʮλŵĴ󺺣ϼ䰲ûΪεĹ죬ʲôѯʣƲƲ졣
ĴһǷ̧̧Ƥȥһֻ켶ħ޵ѵַž˵ô侪춯صĻ
һߣֱӵ˵ϣһǴ࣡
ʮŵĴ仰ҲֱӴϱȻѣÿ׳յ۹ߣȻͬʱŭǻˡˡ
˺ݺݵһȽµľߵ÷飬תҪȥ
ȻߺԴһҲ⡣
ǺǣλܷҰѻ˵ˣо񣿡߿Ҫ߳ȥˣЦ
ʮλŲһ٣Ҳ֪Ϊʲô̻ô޴飬Ȼȥȡ켶ħ޵ĵ
ߣ˵˵һ
ħ޲һڣҶ֪İɣ΢Ц˽˵
ҲҪʲôħޣ켶ģߣҲ׾ǡһ䳰ȷ
ǺǣҪϷȻҲȥðգ̻õϢֻħ޲֪ʲôԭڲһֻħһȻɹɱֻħޣҲˡʮֿ϶
ǰҲ󰡣Ҫֻħ˲أǡȻеĶеǣϾǻ켶ħ޵ջһĴ
ٺ٣ҲõģǲôЩ㾳֮µľȥ̽̽ҪǡһǵЦݣһЦ
ߵĽҲ׷׵˵ͷ
ֻҪ³ˣ̻Ӹλٱĳ𣬺Ǻǡ߼ѳɣƱ
ǻ鷳һ£ϸƻȡ˽Χ˹ȥ
һȺӣ񾭲ڵһǽ񾭲ҽԺϣȻҪ켶ħ޵⣬ҪСүȥڻңߣСүߡַĵһתͻصԼǰĳϡ
ǾԲȥģ켶ħȻ֪жô֪ǽﵽƾǸϲ󣬻Լֻߣһ켶ľһð
дŻҲž㣬ɴãзգ𳤷һӰٵĴһ֮зԾ֮ϼ㣬ת۱㲻Ӱ
ԼҲڳֽԼĴʮ£֪ôѡǵˣ


93 췢
ҹɫ뿪ַ̻֯ڲԭת˴ҹʱҵһ¶С򣬽Сĳһ٣˯һһҹƣͣڶ峿ҵڻƣʵͷں󣬱뿪˿ջ
һСʱַλСЧⲻԶˮۿڣǰͺϲˮϲˮֲ׳ϲˮ˽Զˮ콻ӴһˮĴʯַɵˡ
ôҲû뵽һС֮⣬Ȼôһģ˺۵شӣʵ֪Ŀǰֺӵ½ǲʲôӵҪҪĺӵ½ĺȥˡ
½ޱȣǣ֮䣬ǧյؾ򴦴ǣ½֮Ҫ໥ϵûбĽͨߣ¾󲿷ֵطôڷ״̬ӵھȴǽһֶΡ
еĵ𺶣Ƭַ̣㵽˽ͷֻ緫ΦЩ洬֮ϣƴ̡
һҼַװ磬֪ҪԶһλڵĺӭǰЦ͹Ҫô
⴬ȥַĺڴһۣڵ
ڴ󺺻æ⴬ֻߺӾСֱ͹Ҫ£Ҳȳ˰Ĵٵ
ĴֻСΪΣַһڴĴϰףʮףľ޴ʹߴȫûʲôⰡ
ڴ󺺺ٺٺЦе㲻˼̲ںˮӷһں֮ˮӵŪͣ˵һຣЩײޱȣٲƽɫɱ˷Ż޶԰ִ򲻸յġ
֪ҪǮڴ󺺵Ľ˵ַЦ
֪͹ǰͬˣڴʡ
˻
ֻп͹һˣʮңͬͬˣȻѵٶ
ʮҶַ˵ҲǮֻ뿪Ͼ˲С鷳Ҫǻڵͷ׷ԼͲˣнһȡʮöңݸ󺺣ǰɣ
ҳʮöңһ΢΢е𱬵⴬Ұˣ
ַ΢΢һ˵ΪҲǲһͻƻǾǿߡ
ͷ쳤üĿһ͸֮û뵽˾ȻһϵԪߣֲøղ˻ˣЩַǻعͷ
ڴҲ˽е΢΢һ㶣عæЦ⣬ν󵽣λ͹Ѿˡ
ʮöĹĵ˵ڴٴһ㶣ûڡ
ôɣʮö췢
ڴ󺺶һ˫۾ֱֱĿַϣ⡣
һöַ˵˾䣬ڴĿɿڴıУתĵǴ壬˴
ڴѹ󣬻ͷЦĿǺ췢һۣλ͹ۣԲסˣһ꣬Ͱરવĸַ˴
ֱַߵշ򿪷ߵ棬վڴϣ΢΢ˣů˵һڴζĿԶˮ콻֮ɵˣĸܣǺþöûˡ
ףǼһôڣַͻȻһתͷǸ췢껹ֱֱվںӰߣԼڵҴֻ
ַƳһۣͻȻعʮöҷڸԼڴУôǿ⴬ѵ⴬ô
ǣǵģڴ˷ܵĽӹַĽң˵Ͱһ˽Ӫ𺽣һ𺽣ҪһԺ󣬶Щ̴ǲؿ˵ġ
Ŷԭַ°ͣ
ַûʲôҪ˵ˣڴ󺺽ֽСķ뵽һƤ˸߲ҵˡ
ιǸͷ췢ģ˳·ബڴߺַͻȻͷŶĺ췢
ַ֮˱Ƚ˳ۣƢȻ˵㣬ϵԪػԭ򣬶սʧܺҲûֳʲôƵľٶȻˣԼֺγԲһԸˣ⴬ҲǴĿԣںôˡ
ַǺ췢һ㶣ϴϵСӣ˵Ҫ𣿡Щ˷ܣҲŵ⡣
ź췢ַ꣬Ȼ
̫ˣ̫ˣֵܣ飬˹ʽסˣ췢˷ܵ
ţ˹ʣô˷ܸ𣬲𣿡ַüҰһЩͿ
Ŷˣˣ˹Ӧһܿߵͷ˴Ѹٳַڵķ˹


94 
췢ꡭ˹ʼַȻִͷ۹۴ɺذɫָ㽭ɽ΢΢һ㶣ǽЦʵ⴬ȥģҲȥô
ţַعͷĿ˺췢һۣ˵ͷ
ַͷ˹ɫ΢΢һ䣬ǺܿͻָѵҲΪǼȥģ
Ǽ£ַɻĿ˹һۺ󣬻ǵ˵ͷҲǰȻ֪췢˵ʲô£ӦĺãȻô׳Ļ
֪֪ʽ
ַ֪شĺܸɴࡣ
ֲ֪֪
֪
֪֪Ǽ·ĵص㣿
֪
ʲô֪Ȼﴳ췢ꡭ˹Լǰꡣ
ôôַ΢΢ɢһϢ˹ϵһӵʵʲôطǲȥġ
ַɢϢһ̣췢ͱɫˣôҲû뵽һᣬƺδɵСһȻӵűԼǿΪѵԼ˵еˡ
𣿡ַ΢Цſź췢꣬һܺƵӡ
ɸռʶַʵĺ췢꣬ҲСˣû˿ĵ˵죬ǳ죬ҴС󣬶һһľָƣֵܣϴò˵һʮǵ£
𣿡ַһЦܽԼ˵Ŀ˵һô
δ䣬죬һ޻Ρ
ˣˣˡһҵ·ˮڵĲֿдҲַ˵
췢ꡭ˹ͷַ૵ֵܣղ˵ʲô
ûʲôʱĻǻʺ̸£ַתһѽڴ󺺳ǰһۣԺǵãʱ֪ͨһ¡
ڴգգ۾ε˵Բ𣬿͹ۣңˣ´һǵá
Ժ󵽴һۿڣһ㱨һ¡˵仰ַᣬת˴Լķ䣬ڴ֮ϱĿȥˡ
ʱַڤУȻȹ
˵Щ춼ѵõĺˮϷƽ˾ڿ󣬴û̫𵴣ڤֱַӳ˷䡣
ˮϷӭ洵˺òˬץסˣŰãˮ棬мǧ׷ɣˮУϼ
ֵܣֻ֪ǰɫĿȴǲ֪ĵطԹǷ˳û֮ˮ֮У֪¶̵İ׹ǡȴվַһԱߵĺ췢꣬ǵһʳ̣̾˿
ʲô̾ϢġַعͷһЦЩ̣ӣ·طΪñҪ̰Ҫиۡ
ȻҲá췢국ȻһЦ󣬿ֵַܣ˵һ˻᲻ǿأ
ƺϰַЦЦ
˹ʺٺЦϣ˵׼˭˭ء
ƾǻûǵΪַЦҪϵˣ类һȭҽŴ
㡭˵Ϊ˹ࣺСӣȻһţҲ̫ˣ½䣬ܴﵽ⾳Ҳǲ࣬ԡףʲô
˹˵ͻȻͣ͸ããˮǰȥֻǰڵԽԽ󣬺ܿͳʻ˹
ͷĹͷ˵ʲôַعɫĿ˺췢һۣû뵽㻹һѻ죡
һĹ򣬺ڵһҺڰСƺͿʹ¥޴ĺɫ緫ϻһ޴ĺɫͷͷͷ
ۿŴٽƺҲϴǺ
Ϻˣ
ﻹû꣬ͻȻֻЩɫϣһںڷìַڵҿʹʱϴҲ
һЩطֱӱ䴩ˣˮ룬˹ɫͻȻɷס
ַԼһЩì󣬻ͷֵĿһۣʵ㲻Ӿô
췢ɫҡͷ
ˣ⴬ѱǧٿףϾҪˡϵţֵǮĶĻͨͨˮι㡣Ľ洫ʾźѾʼж
ַȴ֪ûô˵ʹǮȥԷҲδػŹϵϾÿһϣԼҵ洬Χˣõİ취üǵ˶ˡ
մһʡʡʱַ룺ԼҲôС¡


95 
ȺȻǹ߷ȻͨˣһŲ֣һϵĻǻǿߣҲԲ
οַлʮα㾳ļһͬʱΧԼûаܳԵ¡
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һźڲĶĿʮںʹ棬ַʶһչڴ뺣̸
λˣңǴʵûʲôŹСɣұ֤κˣἰµġڴȻԼʲôϥ˵
ŹǣĿʲôЦĴЦЦʵĴţүѹǰι㣬ǰ׽ȥū
˭ˮܡ˵ţе䵶ϣâһ䡯һ϶ʱզѡ
ַһһĹղſƼ򵥵һȴŻڸֲžеевûкʹȴ˲Сƻ
һĻڴ󺺺ˮѱ͵һסĽŶˣǻܵ£һҿԡ
ĿݵĿЩһۣһӣŵĳԼºСǣһ㣬˲ʹȥͿԺȾơ⣬ˡںʱҲ
ô죬ֵܣǳ֣˹һַȻᣬѾѱΪ߳ٵַȻĹˡ
ȻҪ֣ѲɣַһЦˮУﺣͷͷְɡ
֪һûˮУ˹ʾ˳ˮ棬ȴַסԽˮȵԽࡣ
ַ̾˿Ƶ»һĵˣһĶѣû뵽һһֻʮĺѼӡ
˿ַͻȻˮдˣסΨһĳ·ǴˮǱǺĴԱڣȻƷҳˮԣȻΧ
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ַӣ뵽ˣʲôҲҪʣˡ
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Ǳ˲ãͻȻ䣬һҴ󴬵ĵˮ棬ðͷС鿴һֱûעߺ˲˴
һЩڴѲӵĺһȽϾµķڣŹЦ˳ַһϲ֪ҶԵطˡ
͸п϶һۿıһ˫ȣ˫滹׵ëֱϥǣҲǺڵģ棬ǱƲˣΪſڿ϶ʵ̫С
ַҲ˵ʲôϻֱһ߿ţᶯһ£ͻȻȫһȥ
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ַڴҲյǾ磬ǿߣĵһƴԼȴе㲻֪ˣɫȻһৡһ£˴ǰʧˡ
찵вãæס˽ŲͷܣúһһѩĽѷĺ
ַһŽתǰԹԵģҪȻһͷ¾Ҫˡ
˵仰ַųŴ˵ĺ췢֣ι㻹ɵվʲô֡
Ŷˣˣ˹ַûعæЦ˹һҲҶĺ춼ʵʵ˼ʮ㣬ȻŽɫѱƺ춪˵ϡ
ַЦĿæµ󣬲ջؽ׹һɢ㽫ôʵʲô
˹ȴĿɿڴַ૵ղʹǲǻ
ֻһ˽׵ĻôСֵġַȡһ·£ߵⷿڼ䣬ʪ·
ֶ߳һ׸˹ʣҲȥ°ɣȻһܱȻʪʪĺá
ȵ˹߽ڼַǰĺ˵Ӧôźˣ
ֵܣɱ˻ϣҲǸȴڻ·˹ʣͻȻһͷݺݵ˵
ţⲻǾְɣַ΢ЦĿ˺췢˹һۣ˵ͷƺ⡣
ۣ˹һ·Ҳ˲ˣȻֱӴ˳󲻻źȥ
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ĻشԼӣͷһ룬Ŵͳһɫҩ裬ŵߣܸɴѡ
ַеĺɫҩ裬죬ȫˣҲЩԥĿӴַǱʱ˼º󣬻ҩ衣
ãҸҰôҲŻ㡣ַĵͷȻʾ˹ʽ⺣ϵİˡ
ҩ裬ںϣ߼ģҩһǴڵʼɣȻܳΪ죬Ǹˡַ˻һϵĳң󣬵ȻЦ
Ȼ׼ҩҩԺ󣬻ǿɥԵЩͷɥ
ַڿûı飬عͷź췢⵽ȥһ£ȥ
ٺ٣ѵˣС£Ͳ鷳Сֵˣȥɡ췢꣬ٺһЦ˺һۣ˳ȥ
ţȥҲãһûµľ顣ַ˵㣬ȴǺ첢ûиһȥ۰Ͱ͵ĿԼ
ģֻҪƯһ᳹׽˶ġַ֪Ӳһãſİµĵ
ллллӣһԣ΢һæ˹˳ȥȴڰţǸ˸˵ʲôģҪ


96 ɱ
췢˹ǺȥˣַͱĿһ񣬲֪˶ãԼģ˽ŲǴ۾
һᣬͼ˹뺣˽췢һϲɫ黹ͦ˳ġ
ôģַ΢ЦĿŽĺ췢
ٺ٣ǿʹЩ˸ŪˣҺǴϾˣЩˮϰˮԣҽ쵰ЩˮһҴǣȥˡ˹һѻ˵꣬ˮһں󣬲źݺݵǺһۣʱɵһ
ţûַӦһתͷźһ۵ҲˣӦôء
ɱ¡˹ʿ˺һۣɭ
Ҫү˵ֻҪƯҽⶾŹҵġһ췢Ļַ£˥
㣡ַüһXԼĺ죬ȻֻӦⶾû˵Ҫ㡣
ַһ߿˼£վȴ˹һ˵ڵأ췢Ц
֪޷٣һ˿ҲЦãȻҪҲùԼԱߵ־ַܳ䡣
ַӳԼЦһ΢΢һƣ飬ҲûҪܵĺ죬һƹ󣬻ǵȻϣһȫ֮ǰԼסˣܷʲôˡ
ʱֻ췢ȵ㻹ǰЩĥŻһ꣬ϣձſںؿס
ָצסţ˵˵ʲô˵үãȫģ
ߣɱңһӲ˵ģڽѪȴϲΪʱ¸ĽŲˡ
췢һȻЦݣ΢΢һ㶺󣬽Ÿдŭ۽âٿؾָˣҪץ䣬һŲ죬ж˸
˹ʢŭ֮࣬Ҳ֪ػַһۣʾӦô죬ַǵȻһЦֽЮһ첽ȥ췢һ֮ҲǸ
ٺ٣ܣǾܲ˵ģոճȥҾѾʾҵ£ҶһëǾ͵Ŵж˿飬ӵιɡ컰ȻݣȴЦ¶֣Ƥ򻹵˵á
ַЮź죬ûĺݻܹڣ˴ڲƿһţ췢һ۾Ϳһﴬһֻӣ޵ֵܣ㵹δ֪Ĵ㣡
ַͣ΢΢һЦֻصνߣٰǰбʤİգҲ̽ûΪԼһ·
췢߹ַļЦֵܰ£ܽˡһšҿһӣʱ䣬ҫۻ
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ַַʮѣ·һ޵׶ȻɻʱͻȻȴһЩҴֵ˳
ַЦҲò˶٣罫·һ
⣬ôû뵽˹վϲһ·ȫˣöҡ
ٺ٣λҲ̰ĵʵڣȻ¹ڵϵĺ죬䳰ȷ
˹ʽϵã˶ڵϵĺһۣЦԾЦ᲻ЦӽҲ޲
˵仰ַԸϴˮȻڲУ⶯ǣŷλʻȥ
ַбԣЩҷҲҲʣ˴ȫ֮Уֻ̲̲Ҳ̫Щ
ڿ´һۣչԾʻʮɵᴬϡ
һվڴͷַ˼Ӱ֪Щֻ֪£֮Բжֻһֱڵ
ڴڵĺǰһڣᴬʻӵۿˣԼЩȴһ㶯ҲûУԽ׷ԽԶˣ֮Խ΢Сɿֻſڴ
˼䣬췢˹ʺؽһתҪִԼһ˭ֽ֪Լץ𣬷Ѩв£ֻ߷죬ڿն
Խᴬ˹̽ڴһ䣬࣬ٻһұڣұһ䣬ɣˮ棬ַ߹ľ壬һ㣬˺ңߴΣϵϡ
ϣûۿڵǰѡȡһɭ֣û˽ȥɭں᲻⣬׷϶ĺַ֪ú췢ʹѿǣ沨ַĴɭ߳ԶȥĴӰЦһȻͷǺһۣʱһ֪ȫȻϾ־
췢꽫ˤڵϣ߿ѨЦղŻǰ쵰׷ϣ㣬ھȻûʲôˣ͸ȥɣ
ֵܣһӦûʲô˰ɣȻ췢ɱ⺣ַûпڣҲǲö֡
ͽˣͿŰɣַƲƲ죬һչʧɭС
ãǾ쵰ȥЩ˰ɣ˹ʻһ꣬䣬ִŵһƬźӴȥ
󡭡ү𡭡𡭡һкܶТû˵꣬һͷһʱߣ˵ϡ
췢һͷûʲô룬ͷַǻַӰ
ףλأ췢΢΢һ㶺󣬱ѵˣ뵽Ԫ֮β񱼳һξ롣
ַεҪߣô׷ϣ׷ǧף췢˹ǰǽʧںڰеһźӰʧû뵽ַȻˣ½֮󣬲֪ûٴμĻᡣ
̾Ϣһ󣬶Ȼ䣬ֻһɺͷϮȫ˸սĵԼҲǿ뿪ɣտһͷҪҵ⣬Լˡ
һ췢ҲǸϽ뿪ˣֻ뿪ã˴ȴӰһȴַȥˡ
˵ǿŽѪˮͷһַۣüͷһ壬ȴ̾˿صɱҲãѣй©ҵм׷ɱҲ鷳˵ɱɱˣһҲӦܾȲͨϰհɡ
ڴ˴һ̾Ϣַǽڵһ㣬ƮһôȻԶǵƻ֮ȥ


97 ΢֤
ַããɭȥЩѰ㼣׷ػؾ˲ٵĵط˴Լҹźڰеһȥ
۵طʱ峿ˣȻһҹڲϢַһǿ˵ûʲôʱȻǾ
վһ嶥ϣԶԶȥֻһǳͻأĸһƬԭϣڳ֮¶һǣǧʯĳǳأ˴ΰơ
ַɽſڵʱ򣬲ŷֳŴѾӵǧ֮ڣ󲿷ֶһЩͨˣַߣ޼
̧ͷǰһֻۣǳŴԷӵڳſڣ֪Ϊʲôԭ޷ǡ
üַչǰǱȥſڸ֪Ȼ˵˳ſڣһЩޣ̬ưˣһһŶ˳ǣеףЦһֱԾȺǰ档
ַ޼ɵȺжʱһɧңַͷȺһۣסˣһͻסࡣ
ʱʮȫףɫֱֳڳŴҪڵÿһϸŲ飬ͻȻȺзһ䶯ȴæе񣬷׷׽ĿͶַ
Ǿ͵Ŷӣڸ˻ȥеһӳģǹһַָȵ
ˣַ˫ֱǰЦĿα㾳СӳҲ΢΢һû뵽һĳſڣȻ߿Ż
ȻΪܵͣﵽαλ½˵ϡٵĺܣԴ½ϣ߸ݸ߹ĺܣôŵĵ͵£УӦǷʲô¡
ſڰڷһŰһʲôͻȻ̧߳ͷһۣɵһַǵЦʱжʱһͻæվ
ǣ£öλλȻҲֻαľ磬ʣ뿴˱ı£ɱЩ±ӣǿúȥˡ
ַֻܵȻ͸ƣȻ֪վԼǰλүΪﵽʲô磬ٱԼҪǿһǿ֣ܶпۻɹɾĻߣһ뵽⣬ﻹҵƽʱ۳޹ʹˣɲǵá
ٺ٣λүҪǣֱǼ±ˣЩСһûʲôʶϣҪһƽϡЦǺǵַǰȻɫһʹǼΧַȥ
󺺵ɫŴʮȻлŲСţǺƤȥ
ԴˣַҲûô⣬ĿģֻҪǣǳſڵĴǰһϣҪǼЩʲô˵ɣ
ٺ٣ûʲôֻҪʾһ΢֤Ϳˡȡһ鳤ˮģ壬ַ΢Ц
΢ַ֤üͷһ壬ɻʲô
仰Ҳ΢΢һ㶣˰Σź뵽ʲô΢ЦĽ˵λǴİɣǺǣĽзͬ΢֤֤ݵĶ
֤ݵĶַɫ΢䣬ⲻ֤ôԼϼү˵Ӧ۹Ĺ񣬿ݻǲõĺãҪôǸϲ֪Լǻ֪Լȡʲôжˡ
ַûó΢֤ڵӷ˴ɲʵү޹񣬻񣿡
½۹Ȼֻȴ飬ǣֽ͵ҵҲ޹֮ˣ˶һʻַҲûô⡣
΢΢ԥһַ͵ɡԼ½ûʲôݣôɡ
ַ˵Ҳû¶ʲôɵı飬΢ЦӣȻ޹֮ˣΪڹжûʲô谭ҪΣ¾ͻе鷳ˣ۹͸˵ˣûйǾԲǵģҿ޹ĹΣ
󺺵һû뵽ûиݣȻڴ½ô鷳ֻǳһᣬ̵ַðɣĹ
õģΪȡһ鷢ŽɫâƺĳطɨӲַ̽Ϣ
ַһǷֻһ̽Ϣķûʲô˺ԣֵܿǿģһ𣬽ģϣһһû
󺺱£ȡһɫԲνݸַ΢ЦϲӳΪϵȹ񡣡
ϵȹ񡯼ַ֣һXӹݹǿʲô΢֤һƬҶӺ󣬾Ͷ֮УվֱѣȻҿԽ˰ɣ
ԣȻԣæվ΢Ц
ţ˵ͷַתˣֻǵߵſʱͻȻһףʱһƽֱӣֻۣʮ£ʮöҽĶϡ
ЩǮֵܺȵСưɡ䣬ַӰҲʧڳſڡ
㶿ӵʮҺһ󣬲͵͵Ĩ˰Ѷͷĺˮɣڰ⹫ү̺ˣMDһһĽǣ￴̫ƽˡ
Աߣһ˰̵ʵӳʲôˣͦŵӡȻҲҪ˹άˡ
ߣϻƣҲ̫ûǼһҲǴ󣬾ǸߣҲʲô˲õΪɣʱǰǸǹַָСӳҲ˹Ŀ󺺵ղҪֹҷҪСӡ
δ˵꣬ѾסͣСڣ㡭˵һ仰ҪӺò׽˺ˣ㻹Һ
ַӰȥԶûһߣ󺺲Ų˵쵰СӣӹЩңŽұ˴˼ľ룬ȣԼڷλã˼ʮĳǣûİռɣղλӽ鲻ǣѾٺ˵СһǰɱˣûɵģԺ󣬼ס۷ģ
ʱһЩϱΧϵЩңҲͬеͷһᣬ͸Ľҵҫۣиϲѣλӣֵ°ʮңȥľ¥캣ˡ


98 
ַŸո߹ͨһͼڳſڵһһ޴ĸʾ˼ʮµĸʾÿŸʾ϶һ
ʾΧۼ˲ˣָЩʾ۷׷ףɫ֮Ϊ壬ַɻһҲ˹ȥԶԶĿһ£˴⡣
ԭһЩ棬в֪ʲô£ƽѵһ߷׷׽ǣʾЩߣ࣬ɱˣԽЩ˵Ļʾû±ȥǡ
ַ̾䣬ͻȻһԴЩѰ˵°Ԫڳභһٶͨ˱ɱпǲ̫ƽˡ
ַɱˣ龭ᷢ𣿻Уô
ҡͷ̾Ϣڳһӣû£ҾߣӡҲǼʮζѣǼʱǺͺģǻһԲ;ͻᶯ֡
һԵһҲսǵߣűɱ˵ģЩеôȥ֮Ĵ򶷡
ַžٿЩʾϵһۣȻӦûסԼҲõԼİȫܲ£ǲµĺã汻ͨߵͷ񰵰£ԼײϲҪ鷳
ַ뷨Ÿ꣬Ⱥбһ䶯˷׷׶Žֱ߼ȥַȻҲվڽֵߡ
ľÿ죬㡫
ַüͷովǳ˵ĴϣͻȻһ޳Ȼͨ࣬ǷȴǺĺܣֵ֮ϼֱܳײ޼ɰ
Դ£ַҲùܣԼҲûȥܣһ·֪ʱ޳ݴӽֵϼšڹϡȸɫ졣
ֵϵͨһЩͽߣ߼壬׷ԶܿҵЩϵļߣһͷ·ˣͲм
ַվ·ԣüͷĴһЩʻݣһɻȻôôߣǰħɭΧСЩðӶûʲô룬Ͼȡħ޵ĵطĵطҲֻ߲棬ʱʱҲô֡
ôһССĳȴǶȻôߣȴе㲻ˣԼþϤĻŪ﷢ʲô²С
ڽֵǻһ£ҵһҾƵ̧꣬˽ȥҪ˽һ﷢ʲô£ʵ벻ַʽȽƵֱӡ
ߵƵſڣȴһͷԣƲǣżóͷõſڣʱʱ棬ʱʱڣ˳ϣȴһĻģ
϶飬ʱַǰƹǰŲߵǸưˣǶ϶ַ̲סܰһЦ
ʵ϶ͿַˣǼַڳſͣһСƺڿǸǸߣĿоһⶢס
ʱַĪĳЦһ£΢΢һ㶣ۼţܻῪУæЦַСܹһʩ񣺡С϶ˣλүƺԵǲϤͷһ
ַڻǰư˶ԼЩʵûô϶һ꣬ҪƵ꣬ȴ϶Ȼк΢΢һַޱʵʸǣ
϶һ򼭣æС϶һӣ϶ϣ£ȴ֪ԵǣС϶֪֪ףүոԵǣʲô⣬ҪʲôС϶Ϊ
Ŷַ°ͣЦĿ⻬϶ûͷһŪףҸʣֻ㡭
ַЦЦ飬С϶æүԵǣС϶ңҶˣС϶һṩ΢İæշѷǳˣָ·ֻһöͭң·Ҳֻöͭң̽Ϣռֵ㣬ҲᳬʮöͭңҪС϶ҲԵǸ̵ķֲͼȥ̹򣡡
϶ѻ˵ַ꣬׹ԭ϶רطϢ鱨ģ½˿ڴ̫Ҳ飬ÿ䣬˿ǳ
һİˣһİĵطڲϤصķ飬ֲ֪룬ͷԵĸоʱ򣬵ЩϢ鱨ˣˡ
ṩķ㣬ṩһЩǮƣǸȡ裬б»ģҲЩСǮ˵⿿ųԷˣ½˻ǲ٣Ͼô˵Ҳְҵ
ھȻôˣַҲûҪ¥̽ϢˣУֱȡһöС϶֪Ϊʲôô߽Եǡ
ַ־ͳԼһöңС϶Ŀɿڴһʵ⵹ַͳ£Ϊֻнˡ
ںСС˴κƣʩң˵ҲֻĶѡ
ЩߣҲʡЩˣҪȻʱûǮãҪħˣħⶫмеģԼҪЩħٶȣ򲻵ѣǾԲħˡ
С϶ԽĴ֣еĽõ·ϲֱֲַԱ߸ɡԡһС϶æ˽ңЦݿַү֪Ƿһ˲õĴ£·ĵص㣬Եǡ
˲õĴ£ַһüͷʲô£˵㣡
ַõɫСܿ˿߽һղǿŹүôˬС϶ǾԲὫģϾȫɱͷĴ¡
ɱͷַ֣΢΢һ׷ʲô£ȻҪȫԣἰ¡
С϶ͷؿ˿Χֱȷûעߺ󣬲Žͷ쵽ַǼ˲õĴ£һԵЧľŻʱ䷢һǰסַ˵ǹַ治ǰĵãǻҲܻУȻǴַԵǵĳʱ˿ڣϢóǺɫþƵĲݰӣӺȸˣ˳ȥ˵ǲݰӣһؼңߵĳһ͸ɿˡ
С϶ַ۴⣬̾ǰǳҲǸ쵰в͸ǽʵݰӣע˵ġ
ַӣȷ˵òǽԣǹַǺǷ֪ʲôȼĹǷ
ַһʳô⣬С϶æֵô£С϶֪ϢҪС϶еˣһ֪ˣʵЩ⣬˵С϶֪ʵЩ֮Ҳǲ֪ϾǴַѷǳԶλö޴ӿݣǾŻףﶼæµǵطˡ
ŶǵַûҵôַŨüһЦȤȤ˻ˮҲȥһˡ
ַ˵⻰С϶΢΢һȣĿתضַһᣬȰ˵үС϶Ȱ㻹ȥðյĺãȻʱˣĴǵõϢȻЩıǱ޳ĪܲЩһЩΧԱҲǺѶԸġ
ΧԱַоһЦһۣС϶ҪԵǵĵͼƮȻȥˡ
ַȻԼȰַһС϶ЩøУַѾ˲ԶˣС϶䱳󣬴еСֵܣĪǿ󰡣Ϊ̰Ķɵ£;翣õ黹кܶġ


99 й
ַС϶ȡԵǵĵͼ󣬲ûֱȥŻȥһұȽϺľ¥úõһ׼һǰŻҪЯƷ
ȥĿŵȡűܲ˷ֻҪβɱģһЩָ˵ĵҩǱġһЩŻľҲҪ̽׼һЩûҪȻȡűɹˣȴǲ֪Ǹܣǲſˡ
һ׼׵ȷûʲô©ַ㶯ˡ
ŻԵԼ˾ʮڶ·ǧĴ½˵ʵԶҲСľ롣
˾ʮ·ַߣȫСʱ͹ˡ
ԵЧ⣬һɽ֮УľӲֻܲһӰľ֮䣬ʱ˸ٶȵе죬ӰƬƬҶӰɽɽʱ
쬡һ
ɽŵһô֮ϣ˫һչ΢գһ䣬ȵ䵽˵ϣȡɫߴϺַʼһǰеŵľŻ
ͰľŻȻ޴⻬ľӣֻ澳ȴһһһÿһ澵Ϧ͵ҫ£˸ŽɫĹԣֻǿ棬˴һɾ
ֻǴ˿̿ĺϣȻԣĴᴬ󣬵ᴬȴǲϵŭлʱʱŴ򶷵죬ƻ⴦
ÿһ澳ŶԲ°ÿ澵ϣͣСÿһС֮ϣ֮ͷǺʱʱðͷ¶һ̰顣
ǵЩˮ֮ˣҡͷʾ޹ٴǱˮǶʱ˸ԱߵЩֻ¶˿˿ɱ⡣
ЩֻͣһЩȴں⴩ͣ͵͵ˮнͷǵɫ飬ЩǷҵ˺׹ַ
վھŻߣַЩĴᴬһۣһЦǱˮУô»Լ͵ĺá
еˮǳ峺ȴףַ˿ǱȥڲˮУֶܼСʱӦкӵеı¡
ԽǱԽеˮҲתܸе̹ǣֱַһǱ׺󣬺ˮѼˮѹŻĻϮڻǾ磬ЩѹôںҪͨˮף³Ų˶ãöˮѹ
Ǳˮ׺ں״ǱаСʱ;Ҳ˺ʮˣЩ˴඼ɶӵں״ţҲвٵߡ
Щںд˱Ҳûֳʲô⣬Ƿ׷׿һۺ󣬾͸뿪ˣַֻȴǷһЩϻٶ˵ʡ
Щˣм·õģ˫ѵ·Уе㻹Ѫ˿ַѣܾʹô˼ҵ·ӡ
΢΢̾Ϣһ˿ʱĹ飬ǰǱȥȻ˲鷳ɲԽѪȥ˵Ĳڡ
Сʱܿȥַûҵʲôַټˮ滻˸ںǱܿȥʱַеһصףȴǷһǳֵǱˮԽԽ󣬿ƬˮԽԽСҺˮ˲١
ֵһĻַһӦòʲôַ˰ɣû뵽ԼǲŸչ죬ȻԼҵˣĻŭַ֮ǱٶȵԽԽ죬ĵشǱȥ
ǻ飬һǱһٶɣˮһƬڰģַ˵ûʲô󰭣ǰյĹ˶꣬ϰκκڰ
ٴǱʮɣͻȻַһƬɫĹ㣬ˮɲǼ࣬ҪȫԶ壬ⶸȻһ仯֫ᶳ
ˣɫĹǰԽԽ࣬ҲԽԽ󣬼ֱˮ򣬿һĻַĿɿڴ󣬴عֽһ˻Ϊһߣˮϳȥ
ʲôǰµĹַһȺѨڡɣַסһˮ׵ʯͣ
˶Ǻ²ѣôҲû뵽ˮ֮УȻŷŹࡣ


100 Ӳ
Ӧ֮
ת˼ʮȴӲûһõϣ
Ҵ˿Ļˡͣ˶Ǻ²ѣ
һᣬֻþʱ뿪ΪһֱֻôӱжȡôҲû뵽ˮ֮УȻŷŹ࣬ûĽ֮
·һ˲䣬ʶ̽һֹ㡣
ȻûЩȫžƬұͷһż޲ʾֵ࣬Щûʲôµֹʵ̫ˣʹҴɨһֻۣ¶ǧ
ףԼǰЩΪʲô·飬Ǳҧ˺ˣҲֹ㵼µģЩ˲˵ˮ˲䣬ͻȻһ
ô£ѵԤеΣգʶһչǾʧɫһֽУַڡһ½˳ëȻȫ䱸Ŀܡ
͸ˮ㣬ĺɫǰԼΧַֻЦû뵽ԼȻûΧ
һᣬźԽԽַؿЩȫͨ⣬Ȼ˫͵۾չʶϸ̽һ£ƬˮﷶΧȫֹΧˮйͨ
Щ㶼ͬһƷ֣峤ʮ֮䣬Ҳм֣峤ȴǳ˶ʮף⼸㣬ּͷ
⼸֣Щ֮ͬͷһ֧ڵǣڸһԺľ
Ϊصǣλֻ۾⣬β֮һֻС۾ʱʱգ˸̹⣬ÿֻ۾ʱַȻܴϸܵȻ٣ܻα㾳磬Ѿоˣû뵽ֹ㾹ȻҲŽħ޵֡
ԲǸ̾ʱ򣬿ЩӴĹȺַˣЩȻħޣȴҲǲصֹʵ̫ˣԼùȥ
ӲôĥҲܰԼĥ
ƵˮһۣͻȻַһ֮ضΧԼЩԶǻۣȫע飬뵽ַһҧҲֻܶƴˡ
һٳɣһǿʶַ̽ȥȻ·Ĺ֮˲١
ַ֮ʣЩҲȻ˹콣˫֮УͻȻת˵ЩΧһ˲䣬ַһתͷ㻮ˮ·ˮȥ
ȺַȻǵѨȥʱŹ֮ʼ׷ǵתӰҧȥ
ַзػһʱ䣬ЩҲΣַֻǲ֣ĥɢ
˫ţʹת״̬£ַһųڵ˵ˮǰ浲Ĺһе콣ʬʱһƬˮǺһƬʬǡ
ûЩ㾪ˣŵѪԸոһ㣬һֺηĽΧַֻҧһƴףԴԴϵĻģҲԽԽ
ٴǱʮӺͻȻȴһʹ
ַͷһʱһԭǴĻ־Ȼһֹһһҧסš
ģַһסһ󣬽ֻԭ·Ǳȥ
Сүȥɣٴһ·˼ĹַͻȻǰһֻ·ˮһұ֮ϣȻһĴ󶴡
ʱĹܵô࣬γɵѾ˸Ҫ˶ãҪɢˡ
һݣ콣ˮз˵һɶ೤İâһǶڵĹ㣬ַæ˽ȥ
һڣȴǽһⶴоȻûˮȴʪĺܣòַʱڶ˺һξײһʯͣ
һͣ£æվ̽ʶЩû׷˿һ;ԼеˣⶴˮûУ㻹ôܽ
ЦĶͷʯϣŷԼСֱ϶ż˿ѪòҲ֪Ⱥҧġ
ַºȻҪ֪Ϊ˼ӿٶȣ˫š˫֮ϣȺȴܹĻҧȻ֮ӣҲò˵ЩǷǳǿˡ


101 нŵ
ַϸ鿴һƣֻֻһЩƤʱ˿ţűڣٴĶڣѨȥȴûЩȻû׷ȴһΧ棬ûһȥ֮⡣
ԼⶴгȥˣЩѾԼˣŪַ̾˿ٴȥ
ղײʯڣȡһЩҩ裬ǿڷһЩȻֽһЩĥɷĩͿ˿ڣкϥʯ֮ϣȡһħˣУĿڤ
ʱ֮ȫָǰĵĻûħ·żŶڣ̽ȥ֮ףȻһûˮʯһ龰Ȼ˵ϾףҲǹޱˡ
㲻ܾͻðʲôħһҲҴ⣬ȫָ壬ܸõӦͻ
Сڿʯյ蹦֮ĶУˣδʲôħΣյ£ϲ࣬ЩƣĶȻô̫ƽѵԼ̫ˣ
ⶴڵȫ˺Ļûһ˿ĹߣַϰںڰˣڿҲеģ
Һʶãʶг̶ȣʮ׷Χڷ쳣ܼӦģұڣɺ󣬻ûʲô쳣Ҳǻûҵ
ʲôطȻûʲô£ܸоɭɭģҪԼǰǸķүģЩ㣬ԺСүﵽƾˣһȫ׽ˣȻƬԣȻСүƽֹطŪ﷢ëַţ˳㰲οԼһ¡
ٴһٶɣַͻȻɫ΢΢һ䣬һɫʯͣʶȫչ۾ϸϸĲһͻȻЦһСү˵ôе㲻ԾԭжںСү׽ԲأߣӦ湻˰ɡ
չǰһʯһԼʮƽ׵ʯͣ£͵۾ǿʯ
ಣ콣ӶǿʯͷŽʯġ顯ַʯļӲ̶ʱͻȻʯ龹ȻһУһǹС
ȻַѾȷжʯ棬ȴû뵽ʯͷȻǶȻͨʯôܾܵסԼ콣
󣡣ʯ鷢ĽԽԽַҲʼʯ仯ɵĹŹΪʲô˵ΪʯȱóľȻ޽š
ԼǰŹ丹ȴǳȵġ㣬ַȻ˺ðΣһЩһν壬һβ嶼ˣҲǽ٣Ȼ֪͵Ϯˡ
ԭͨƤѩף۴һ㵭Ѫɫâβɢ𣬷ź⣬һ룬ͷȴһԲ죬һżݸͻѽһС͵ĳ
ַɣԽԳ򣬽ж̾ķ迴ǰ壬ȴֳŽţ׵ľȻųַǲ֪Ӧôǰģļһˡ
ɵ㣿ַŬŬ죬һ֪ǳھ̾ʲô֮󣬻治У˳ϲҰ
ַظ̾ΪԼѵĽ˰ɣСɵĳһӣȻķһڵƵģġݡΪֱӳַҧ̶
㳯Լûֵĵ֮ǰַҲûȫ֣ˣһ콣һš顯һզ֣ȻһڹĶƤϣʮ֮Զ
ַﲻѣ㲻ճû°ɣһ䣬ַͻȻһԿǹ׷һ˲䣬һ˿벻м˼ǾǡҶ㻹Զˡ
ǹҲַ֪ı⣬﷢һһ㺮ֱַ׷ɵĹУͣڿУֵĶ΢£ֻ䡯һ
ַ㶸ȻͣڿУ֪ãҲʲôƣĺã˫һţµСʯŵ÷飬ڵƵֱϿգ콣ȻȥȴԼ
ʱֻЩԭڴ֮еʯ飬һ󶶶ĻҲֱ£ʲôʯ飬һ龧Өı飬ǹĹֽŵĻӶЩ׷׳ַַĻ뵽ֱ£첻̱Уӿֱһͷڶʯϣʯײһӣһأ漱ı飬Ҳ׷£ڲϵء¡СֻһַȻñˡ
ùۿ˲Ǻ£ۿҲǺ°ַӱʯƳдİûԼУȻ㣬ʵȴǿù죬㾹ȻܿЩ飬ǳϡ


102 
Ƴ㣬ڵϣ̧ͷʯĹȥǰһĻ˲ͣЩĳ֣ǹϵȻԽԽ
ʯеЩ飬ǹϢҲıСΪһưǰеĹȥҲڴﵽһ׶೤ͣ
ʱ㣬һŵȫ¶棬ϵŹâ˸ţ޴ѩ˫ɢͰ׹⣬չ
ħޣǾĹַʶ̽һ֮󣬵һЩα㾳ĶûУһȻŻǾ硣
üһǹɢϢӦ൱ڻλλʵ͵۾磬ֻ±Ѱű˶Ҫǿϲˡ
ҺԼûˮһΪʵϣͬΪ£ħҪ࣬ħкܶص츳죬ٿر㣬ҪˮʱƾȥԼ治һô졣
ͷûת꣬ǹַȻô׾ʹӱг˳ʱһֽУַ֮͵˹
ۼ޿ɱܣַչӭȥв֪ģͻȻһ˿ŹֵľﲻԾһǹһʼԼʹֶΣٶȻͷȥ
ȻһУֻһεĶȴǱһθεı鲻һ飬һȴʮɵıԼײ˹
ܵǱϱѵƣܿһײԼͻֱӱըײɲϴЩˣ㲻Ҳˣû뵽㾹ȻֱӷĴС
뵽ٳɣұһ㣬γұϷɴڶȥ׼ұϵĸߴܿƺ˵ı뼴ԼĹ㡣
һǱҲ䣬Ȼֱֱײ˹һĻַ±ӣһǲȫչʯڶһӰ֡
䣡
޴ıЮޱȵƣƫеײһӰеһ֮ϣһ죬ƿı䵽ϣǶѳһС͵ıɽ
ַ֪Σûȥһأһθı䷽һΣǿһƮɣܿǹ㱾ӿ³һ
ЩȴǳƵģַһЩԵıҲתһ䣬ƿ֮׷ַ
㣬ôٿرıҲô죡ַǹı΢΢һҪƿڴűûҵЩƵĴĴ
ĲһζܿҲûʲôˣǶİɣַȻתһ˦˻콣ΪһİâЩ
ۣ֮𣬽׷ıһһɢ
Ǳȥһ󡰻ǱѾΪһѱıȻıһֱֱԼһ˹
ģû꣬ŭСүɱڣƣַһֿںȻںˡ꣬ջػ콣
˻ΪһС쫷磬ƿı飬ֳͷųɳâ콣ǹԴ
ַͻȻôǿֱƿԼµı㣬һ㶣ַһͷϺȴʹ˻˻ҽУ͵һš
ಣһĹַ˹ȥַһһ֮º󣬲ŷЩȻǹеЩݣֵǣһҲʮţǹеȴǲ٣ѡ
һٻɣһչ㾹Ȼֱֱַײ˹


103 ɱ
ַұϣĿĶӭĹ㣬Ŀһ˿ɫһս콣͵ĳǰһ˦ͬʱһ㣬Լǰͷɹȥ
ͣڿ֮£ܣһӣȻֱֱ콣顯һ콣˳ཻ΢΢һ콣ַٴһס
콣֣ͻȻһڻϤԳſصġʮһֱ֮ӳڹߣγɵĻ콣䲻䣬ݺݵڹͷ
ַͻȻһûӦ䡱һˤԶײұϣһѪϵİɫҲࡣ
Ȼһַ֣ȴҲ˲дۣڵĵϣ˲ִʹо̧ͷȥжʱһݣû뵽ԼһȻû
ڵϵĹʱȻַȫһѶ˺üʮƬͷƳһʱȴǽýĺܣһƫͷҧЩϵƬһȴǼŶڷɱ˹ȥƺҲףǰˣԼܶԸġ
һĻַĸӳ⣬ЩͽͽһԼ½ܳһʱҪ֮еġ
룬Ҳٹ˼ʩչʮԼĲʣʮٴ嶸Ȼʮ֮⣬콣ڲִӵĹ㣬Ȼȥ
͡һˣҲιԴбַ콣һ룬̵ԽѪȫӿ
ַ˿Լ㱸Ҳû˼ʮ콣һգͣŹ㻹ڵͨֱϼʮ
ֱͷǲ뿪󣬲˿ʽͣǳѵҲûˣ꣬Ҳˡ
ַƮڵϣȡһЩҩ趪к󣬲ųһ
һùʲôҲûҵƴҪĻħҲˣԼɱһͷڵħҲô㣬ȫ۷ˣֶҲǲԼôڵˣһǾ㣬϶
ãŶħڵĹ㣬㱻סˣȻһͣôҲɱͷڵħޣϻܵõһЩرġ
ǽĻ꾫ȡˣȻһʯڤָһ
۾̷ַԽʬԱߣʱѾȫˣһ£ǽϵƬȫ
ϵƬȻƻĲϣǿֲķַȴ֮һۼ״ϣֻҪȫĹۼ׵̶ȾԱȵһ˽λ
Ƭ£ȫ֮ĵһݣⶫޱȣԵЧòˡ
Խ֮Уȡħˣ·ˣͷз˰ҲûҵħˣȴǷһͬһĶ
ӣַüͷ૵ʲôħ˲ӦôôһԲεģ㻹Ǵ͸Ųͬ
΢΢һЦ֮֮УԺȥϰɣ䵽Ǹʲô֣ЩõĶʰú󣬿һۡ
񿿽ʬ壬׹һȫװ˽ȥħϵԭϣһЩҲַɲ˷ˡ


104 ˮɱ¾
֮Уַʶϸ̽һ£е̰ĵڣܲҵǿڡռθһƷ
Ըõģʵȴһ̣ʲôҲûҵַƽʶջأһۺ󣬲ǰȥ
תתͣͣһ죬Ҳ˰ٶˣֶǳеаȻûеͷһʮǰһԽԽ
Ǹ㣬ַҲ˿ⶴôãΪֶͽǸڣûˣҪҪԼ֮ô
Ǹ㣬ܿ죬ͱ˶ڡ
ַûðȻ߳ȥڶڵӰǱţȻųʶ̽һ¶ˮ֮УûзЩӰӣɵ˿
ǵʶ̽Լ֮ʱüͷΪǰɵƬˮ򣬾ȻƯʮе㷢ʬ壬ȻȥʱˣΧ򶷵ҲɢһգַĴСһ΢΢֮еʧ
ʧʧһȴҲַľϸ̽Щ˵״ȴɱģҶһֵʵЩ˶Ҫ߳١
ⷽˮ򶼵׷ʲô£ַüͷһᣬڡͻȻִб˳εĿĵԼԶ˰
ַЦһЩһһһ˹ַڣǻ˿ڣȻ벻ʲôᵼЩ˱ɱ
ڣַЩʬϿһۣɫʮоȻﵽ˻㾳磬״ҲһЩα㾳һ㶼һ
һ˼һɱһ㾳ߣǻУӦŻڵǿߡ
ЩЩˣһ±ӣַЦһ£ԼҪСһˣЩһĺ󳾡
ԽЩʬ壬ַȫϢغú󣬱ǰǱȥˡ
֮
ַһƬʯĺʯ֮С
㵵Ŀ԰ټα㾳ߣǿߵָ£ΧһƬĻںݺݵĺţǹĻҲǿеֲ
˶ߣϵغǹĻȴֻ˸¾ˣַһһģֵķҲʵֲ̫Щɡ
ַα̬վһٶߵһιΣҪĥȥǹֵһЩÿĥȥһ㣬ֱַ֪ƣֻǳ⡣
Լ˰ʱǹЩǿĹ£˸ԽԽַ֪ӦþҪˡ
ʱ˻ǿߣȴǽͣȻһѰѵħַЩУǰһֵ
һᣬһƬĴһſŷħâȻĽһγһɿռĸˮƣƬˮĺˮѱضϡ
ˮγɺֳǹֺ
ַʯִУã˼Ӧζ֮ʱ
ΧæµǣͻȻһϲˣˣˣһ׹һֻƬѾƿһһߵĶ


105 ɽ
ΧȺһºȻڶ߼ǿߣһӦô
ˣַĿһݣȻվ͸ǸڣԼ֮Уܿǹ֮УһµСޣ̫ԶҲֻܿš
ַԥǷҪʱֻǿеһӣһǰ԰ټƵߣ˶٣ǧöڵϺ󣬲΢Цˣûǵˣÿʰʮöңɢ˰ɣֵ˵ֻҪǰ֣ͲΪǡ
԰ټƵ仰ɫ΢΢һ䣬˿ϲ֮ЩǣˣǾüëһɭôߣѵ
⾫ѱɱ⣬ͻȻȺһܰһɫӰһȣץסµļʮöңɿıˡ
һˣǻԥҲǷ׷ʰϵĽң뿪ܿƬǿߡ
ȴǳøɫһһһ֣ߵľǾӣο࣬壬ֻԵ£üĿ㣬ϸϸë߹һ˿Ц⣬˿ЦȴԵеɭֵһ˫ĿգʱȴͻȻڵ֮ϣÿöͿá鶾ˡ
ٺ٣磬Ұ£ͷĺˡ׹һݵֻҪʰҵǮͶøԶ
治֪ΪʲôҪŪ鷳ֱӳֽЩ˲ͳˡһXȻе㲻ΪҪЩӳһй¶ϢԺǿɾ鷳ˡ
⵽£鶾ɽֵĶطǿһҲУЩαļһǾ޷ѵġӰ۾ЩĴӰȻ
ˣǻϽȥűȡɣʡҹζ࣬ӻһ꣬㳯Ƕȥ
һǶᣬҲ˵ʲôͬЦݣĿǳ˻֮ɫҴҵøȥ
ϴ治ỹʲôưɣЩ֮࣬Щĵ˵
ģˣƣˮҲǲ衣ӻͷŵ˵˾䣬˽ȥ
仰Ҳٶ˵ĴǰȥһԾû˹֮С
ַʯվҲЦһһ˹ֶڣ̽̽󣬱ٴһһ֮УαӰ٣ɽֵ˶ڡ
ףⷿӾȻӽġһڵ龰ɽͬʱȻؽе
ֻǣ͵͵ַҲ¶Ȼ֮ɫ
ʲôСᣬþ޴ʯݳɵģֻʱЩʯѾɫˮֲеĻϸСҶԸԶ˿Ὣ֮Ϊᡣ
þʯݳɵķӣ̫Լǧƽףһʮʯ·ֱͨǽĹⶴڣڵĿռԼǧƽ׵ӣԼʮɡ
ʯ⣬һЩˮֲ꣬飬ռ䡣
ʯݵûţֱӳģһȥͿǵһ֮ںڷĹŵεƷǷ
ɽָԻһۣûжȴɫǰ˹ǰ
ŰߵԱߺ󣬾ԥһ£һ飬ϼһһǳϣȻޱſڡ
ЩһﻹǹСĵģʱ򣬾ȻǵſڡԶַӣ΢΢еĿͶ˾еǰѽϣȴͻȻһ
ܵǽɢַ΢΢һ㶣ǽҡͷӦòǻȻŻϢȴ̫Ҳ̫ˡ
Ӧαžеǰѽַ૵
αһּڷ֮һЩҵĻϲһһЩͶС
ƶɵȻҲĲ㣬ȴʧȥ˻һЩص㣻壬ظʹõȵȡ
ʱһܵѺ󣬱㲻޸ڴ½ҲǺܶ࣬Ƿǳ׷ġ


106 ֮
㣬־罫ϵĽƸˡӿǹϵĹȦһ˿ɫ˵
õġһ飬ƹȦ棬һָһɫ˹Ȧ֮ϣȦһƬ̺ͻָԭģ
ô죬ȦеŹ֣ȫֲУһ᲻ƻıӼĻеɵӵ
ҿᣬȫְɣĬȻһ£ڽһ䣬һһɫӣοһ䲨ȷʵһ˽λĻ
һ˵лһӿ֣жʱʼ˸лעк󣬳ֹӻȥͬʱҲһơ
Ӽ˻ٳɣ˫һҲһαͷ΢΢һͣҲͳ³һơ֡
ڣϵϼһ¸˴̶ԽԽꡱһ죬ϼɢ˿ʱһǹƷǳ˹֮ϡ
磬ǻǻ꣬ܺãܺãɽ֣һˡĿ¶ϲɫ˷ܵ˵
һǽƷͬЦݣĿҲ˻̰֮ɫ
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ʱˮеַȫЦѣֻ˶Ƶ֣һȻǿе鷳
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˶Ű£ֳֶǹЩǹû̽ȴҲαֻ֮ǰǾӵĳ˲٣ЩǹѾ˽λ߲¡ǹޣ龰֮£ɣݡ
ʱɽѾſڣˣӹʮɢֻ
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𣿡ЦһͻȻŴ汼ȥ
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֣쿴ǰҵƿ֣ʡһķϣǿԲΪǣǴͷİ˿һֳۣ֮һۣЦǵðõĶͳͳ£ػɱǳˡ
⻰¶ŭ֮ɫ䡮ߡһһְеʮɢϷ֣ͬһһ˴ǾˮˮǽΪʲôҪֵӣ
ûʮɢǰ£ǵȻԱ˳ţܵϷȥѰǵ鷳ˣ񣬿ɾе㲻ͬˡͷһЦ߱㣬Ȼӹȥ
ӼƲߺ϶ԺΪ֮ɡδ䣬ɣǹš磬ѵӽǰ
һӣȻУʱЦСȻһڵħޣүȴŻȳһɡճԲݡʮ֮ڣ첻ϡ
ǹɨȻֵֻ¶ϲɫǰһֹâһϾȻһ͸ף֪ʱѽ߬ס˫ĿţǹȻ£һ
αףһ仯侪ţâһǹâһ³УʱҲ룬ٹӭǰеǹ
ֻ顱һ΢Σ˫ٿذߣֱһɾ˳ֱ͸θҺԼּʱ̶֮˵¡


107 ɢ
ӲƴһȻڳֲ֮³˵Ϊڲ֮䣬ǹɲǼ䣬߱죬һ׳ײϿʯͣ߱Ҳûʲôˣһأһ㣬أǰ壬ѱǰ
ͷǷ˹ʱ塮Х磬ͷ߱˵ʹ£һɵӰ˹
һʧûʤ㣬ּ빥ӳǿ֣ʧеҪȴԼǰİ˵סˡ
ֻúˣһקסǰӣӼԼʱ̲硭
Ŀʹɫҡͷޣֻ·ˣ

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⻰һ㶣ƽưҪ÷磬Ҫ꣬û뵽쾹Ȼ龰ڼľһۣͷԷɣԲסˡȻ̾˿ͣǰ
ʽһ
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йŹ֣Ҫȥ׼׷ӵİˣɫһ䣬ʧźɢ˾һæʩչ˦˳ȥ
һڵĻ֮У죬תۼ˸ɸɾ
ʱİӣڰûǵ˲䣬ת䣬ѾڳʮԶ
ں밫ͣһ£ԲסˣģԺһñʮȥġ밫˵һ仰˶ڡ
Ҳϵ֣һȻXһ˸ѣǳģֺñǲܰɡ
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һʱ乥ۻңȻһҽУȴһǹಡش˾ӵС䷴Ӧǹһ£˴˳ȥ顯һ䵽ͷ˵ǰ
һֺĸȴҲֶ߱һԾ𣬳밫ܵķ׷ȥ
һأ΢΢˻ΣǰİˣŭһȥͻȻ˫ٿذߣһɾ˳ֱ͸θɲǼ䣬죬˫ϣѪ磬һѵС
ǣ˿߱ϣÿŴӾӱ߳һˣһϮ࣬ȴɫߣ䶸ȻɱӣعԶԶԼ
ôҲû뵽ﾹȻǱһµˣ̰Ķʯݿһֳۣܿһۣ۾ַ֮ϣȴһܵ콣ɢ˵ƣЩη
˶Ȼ֣϶Ѿ϶סԼųģȻԵԼɱ⾫ٳ͵ϮٴοʯһۣвʣҲǲΡ
Ȼһ侹Ȼֱʹ߱ͷܡ
ַĮۿ䱼һξ󣬲ЦһӰһʮٶȿת۱߱ĺ档


108 һ
ƿ֮һתͷȥʱɫľȻоʲôٶȣͷһ꣬Ҳ룬һ̧ǹ㳯ַ˹ȥ
ǹֳַ콣տȴ΢΢һ̧֣һѰ׺ĶС
ַ֮һ۾һУδǺʱͼַֻЦһ󣬺ĽƶԼ˹
Щȫɢ󣬰ſЩȻһЩħ޵ݣֻЩͨ庮ޱȣҲ֪Ǻħ޵ݣȻô졣
֮󣬲ûоţһԼµ߱
ʱ߱ŭһѪһţһֵָıһţԴԴϵֱӴַ˵Щ֮ϡ
ۣۣۣ촫ɫ˲佫
˼ˣзһʹ߱ٴʣȫһߵǹַ콣ӭȥ
ڰһ֮ʣƺһ΢Ŀһ֮£Ĵ𣬺ɵһǹַ콣һİɫ֣ȳУűץȥ
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һĻð˵漴Ҳ飬亹ܶ£ľܵĻᶼûУַе콣һ֮󣬱䲱֮ϡ
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Ȼǵһ¿ռһâһ߱ħǾӵĳα˽ȥȥѾõİһۣ߽ϵǸα׽ȡ
ֿصǹƬһۣһ˿ʹ̾ϢԼ̫ˣȻúõһǹˣ˳Ƭٴ鵽֮߱ϡ
Ҳһٶңɲ˷ˡһ䣬ǽ߱ʬҲյ֮УȻͷҲصʯݴŶȥ


109 
ʯݴԱߣûƵĹȦһۣа̾˺üЩرˡ
콣͵˦УȦȥ

ȦýѺĶҲչ˳ȴС
ŹŷСһҷǳ۵У΢΢һϲַæӶȻǸСĺӣ˿
һƮ澹ȻӲӵĵҩһ£ҩ̺ǿ
ٵǺӵײһŹַ֣˳
ٵ˵֮Ч֮ͨ˷֮һţʮ꣬߷ã֮ܽҩЧȡٶʮأ˵Ϸ½żȻãһţϷȥţʣԴԵ֮ˡ
һۿȻǵҩʱַл΢΢еʧⵤĹЧϵЦŨˣöҩⲻ˵Լƾֶʮôðսˡ
΢ЦĽӷк󣬱ȲĽһӸ˿ȻСӶװ˱ĵҩһӣڴˡ
ǺиһȴסˣƵһ±ӣ㽫Ӷ֮С
װŵĶԱ˵ȷʵǸСĵҩҪΪװһһһܸߵȼĹ켶
ô½֮һĻ켶ַš쳾¼˵ȴͬһߣݵ˼ҲûС
֮к󣬳һۣĴûŻֻǽһʯףǸʯףַæ˹ȥﲻǾ֮أǸϽʯɨһ֮Ϊϡ
˳ʯף㣬һƿţַЩסˡ
Ϊһ˲䣬һɸ֮ⷿ棬ȴһŹзһֻͷ۵ĹħĿȴ
ϸһַۣԽԽ죬ֱ߽ˣƬƬۼ֮ŻȻⲻǺֹô
ֻϹȴǷ˷츲صı仯ϵƬƬֻͷеģ⣬棬й㳹ײͬˣҲѹַһʱû
񣬴ʱַЩѵﲻѾܻΣھסĵط
뵽ʵַ̫Ծˣͬʱͷ۵ȴһֱһ·ǱԼ˲ٹ㣬ҸǰѹҲˡ
һ˲ɻҪԼģڣǻ֮ˣɻûԼ࿹ʵ
ַ룬ĿӶһתæܣҪûʲôˣǸϽ뿪ĺã֮֡
ǵ۹ӷеЩͨӣһЩճƷʯʱȴһͻԥһ£ʯߡ
ոһǸܵʯɢһֱ֮ʯƺĳ̶ֺɵġ
ʳָʯĴãȴͻȻסһһӣʯǸ˵ĴһЩҳַɫʱ
ʲôһƽǵʯײġ
ץסʯϵһ˾һקʯӦַ۾һȴʯ֮ڣȻһס
ʯڵϣţСЩ΢⣬ԥһһƽڽΧʯȫ󣬶ʱһߵױǰ
ײĵ涼һѾ޽ȴ⼣߰ߵģַûȥЩǽĿ׵Ǹ棬°һᣬַ棬˾һŤȴѶַֺʱԾԼһ֮˵Ҳǧ֮ȻһǶƲеˡ
Ȼ˵ССľȴԽײĸȤˡ
ַ͵УһƣӦֶɣУĿȴһЩʯӣЩʯӵǰɶĹõ¹ʯеƣ֮УЩʯȾһ˿˿תĹΡ


110 
֮Уȴûʲô˵ʬǣֻڷʯ֮УһʮĿĻ콣һˢһǴ⻭
һһԾȻ֮ϣòԼΪһʮӣüĿֻɫȴǲҰ׺ܣһɫԵƮޱȣ˫ֽڱ̧ͷ죬һ˼֮״
ڻϷȻд˼ɷĴ֡档
㣬ѵ˵ľֹ㣿һ±ӣӦˣû뵽סȻֹס֮ء
뵽ͻȻһַ֮ھлعʱЩʯһɨ⣬ȫ֮ʱȴǶȻ֣ںԼߵһطȴȥһ飬һĵԲ
һַ̽ڣǸ˳ֱаһ֮ʱ֮ԽԽٶ֮࣬Уʯⱼȥ
ʯݣֱֶڣ̽ͷ濴һۣΧ֮ΧʮĿߣȴǲҿ
ǰַԴ˻еɻ󣬵˹ΧƮЩʬȴ˹ЩʬǰɽöЩˡ
ÿ˶ⷭƤڣһĿӣһ˭ôһĻҲǲðȻĻ֮еİɡ
뵽ַЦһ˹֡
ΧڹָЩˣ׹һȻһߵ˳΢΢һ㶣ŵǷ׷׻ع
λֵܣ֪﷢ǵĻûꡣ
ַɨһۣѾתһԾߣǲһչˮʯ飬ɵ㣬ǽʧԶˮ
ַǣߣﶼһ㶡
ȺͻȻһַһ꣬һɫӰַıӰ׷˹ȥ
ʱ׷ǰһЩҲǿǹֵڲ˹˵ǵɫӰҲ׷ȥ
ַȻѳַгˣ涼ѹθɾˣһ㡣
ΧȺڲһºȻڶ߼óǵķαǻӰַΧ׷½ضȥ
ȻҲһЩˣԥһ󣬻ǲĵ̤˹֮УԼã滹ҵֵַű
ȻҪǣһ߶Ӳμս˿϶еģһЩʵǻȥַ˷쿪ۣҵʲôõĶ


111 
βԼЩ˺ַһδһ·УǱߣһˮɿص˰Ȼɭ֮ȥ
ɲŸոձɭʮףһƺߣһˡ顯һ£ҵַǰ¡˼£ȥˡ
ԴˣַһҪڳһЦһʵԶԶҲ뿪ŻôҼ뿪ߡ
һ꣬ǰ漸ϣ쬡ķɳʮߣѴǻ꾳磬ȴǻ㾳磬ʮһſַǰ·µġ
Ϊ׵һǿߣһѾ޴ҴŵĴ󵶣ַһۺ󣬱ȵȥߣ˵ĺ󳾡˵꣬һӣָŵϵǸˡ
ΪʲôܳȥǰϵԪߣַȻ
ûΪʲôһѾһֻĵط
Ǻʱܳȥ
ȻǴҼҵַڡӴζЦݣַһۺֽŵֻҵַű׸Ҽӡ
ߣЦҪһҲǾʹһ죬ҪһҲҪԶˡַһǲǰԵĹˡ
ûǹݣִôЦһᣬȴͻȻˣϻ˵·߼ȥҼӣַ̽ڡ
ģֲýʱûһ谭ԭǴ⣬ôﶼ䵱Щ쵰ӻǴž찡аһ䣬οֻӲˡ
ַվԭ˿΢΢һᣬһô뿪ѵѾȡűҪˡ
˵ôŶӶûҵһ֮͸ҵˡüͷ壬ַʱŭɲȡűϢй¶ȥϾ׷ɱɲŪģ㲻þͻһغ
ŶôȥʲôúõΪҪ㹷ʺãҼҵַڣ˵ãнͣҪǿ뿪Ҿ͵Ļ죬Ķ·ҪǱӣӸһַƣȻҲǻǿߣ˲ðȻ֣ȰˣȰ˵ķ
Ҫȥǵ飬·ÿַһ򣬱ҷˣЩˣүû
ȻԼǾԹˡŻ󵶣һЦһӣʮ˶ʱΧһȦַȦ롣
ȻǳŵǰЦĿַ˼ԶٸһѡĻᣬϣ㲻Ҫ֪ô
ƣַһüͷͷ濴ȥʮڼٻˮɳ۶Щǰһֱβˡ
Ǹϵ˵Щ˾ԲǰЩΪУ㲻ãǳֶԸԼǾʮΧһˡ


112 
ɰһ䣬ǹײĺһЩʱ䣬ҪȻԼ뿪ʯˡ
ʮΧһûһɱٵı£һסֻ»Ⱥߣʱ¸ˡ
սپɣַаһ䣬콣ʮһ˻Ϊһ콣ȥ
ַȻͻȻŭһŭŴ󵶱ӭ콣
䣡
һƬһ֮Ӱּٷֿ
һأǿһվȣһѪǰ裬ֵһ׵ĵʹ༸
ַأٴһ㣬һӣ͵ǰƳһڹ˳ֱֱǸĻǿȥ
ǻǿʶֵ̧ǰ
ֻáۡһ죬ǵڹȻһ´ֱۣٵûļͷ
ʹغһһ̴ֻѪ˳ֱۿٵš
쵰㾹ȻҡֱϵǸѪ˺ѷεؿһǻǿߴ޾ĳŭٴַȥ
׳գʱ䣬Сү㡣Ǹµڹ⣬ַ䣬ٴ޼Ѱس֣ǻǿߵĸ
顱һǻǿߣصڼӲϣסŬվַȴǲðȻǰˡ
ֹĹ̫ˣȻҪȴʹķΣʹ࣬һӣȴ¹ȥ
һƣַЦһ»ûΧ֮ǰڵĺ˹˹˼ַⷽһۣȻеֻţ֪һҧӭ
ۣۣ죬ֱ۶ʱ˵ϡ
ŶϱڵϴҽеһۺַһŤⷽƿĿյɭ֮С
ҰֵأΧĴǲ뼸֮ߵïӲݣοлŲٺСɽθӺܡ
ֻҪں߲˶סǾǿոɣƾԾˡ
һ˵ֱۺַҵĵΣĴҷټ
ǿߵȻԸŵַֹסµƺ󣬱ַ
׷׷ϸϣʱַˣѱŻˣľԽԽԶۿҪʧ
ͷһǿߣһۺ󣬱̺ȵͷؾŻ
˷޷޵Ĵ뿪ַ֮ŴһͰĹľЦĿЩһۣԾϿÿôԾ֮£ƬʧӰ


113 ֮
Щ˺ַٴαʮһô֮ͣúõһ£·ʱͻԶ̶ĲҽֹסӣɲѵӶ÷ˡ
ԣ֮ЩСС֮ڣӦûǸֶͨΡһᣬַԼǰĲ²⣬ǰһᣬüͷǰ浽׷ʲô£
˵Ųһʧڴ˴
۴ԼɾַһСɽȣãã
һ⣬ͻأִҽУȻЩҽ֮Щ£ȴҲұڣһһСǰȥ
ԼĪ·̣ǰȻʣǰһƬյأϸһжʱһ
ֻ׵Ĳݵϣ˵ʮʬ壬ſͻĿһڣѪɽϺɫ
ֻҽУȴôˣԼǼǽβ֮ˡַ˰Σüͷ
չʶϸ̽һܣûзʲôӰȻɱ뿪ˡ
ףʲô۾ǲݵһŵεľƣַһǽȡ֣͸֬ơ
ʲôӣѵǣﲻĦƣ˫ü壬ƺ뵽ʲôǽƷһ棬ʱѩġ󡭡ĸ׭֣ǳǰ
ȻǹƴԶһŰµĿһۣ˾Ƶˣֻʵ벻ͨһĹôֵط
αһζϡߡѩĹڣҪЩҵߡƻóַҲֻ̾˿·ŰµĿϣɲӶ鷳
ЩɱһĹɱˣҲ֪ЩͷܴɲԸˮ
Щ£ƺ˳˵˼չַƷźãתȥ뿪ʱȴ֪Ϊʲôʹģֻͷǰ¿һۡ
ɾһۣȴ°ͶҪˣΪǳ˻þò۾Ȼֱϣһ䣬һǻþ󣬲۾
ȴͻȻһ͵һǰŵİ귭ת󣬾ֱֱš
˷ƣãַǳǰоŷơ
ô£ַ˫ȭգ΢΢ѵ֮治Уɲô
꣬ȻַǰòŰ˷ƣڵòܵӰ죬ʼǰòת䣬꣬ڵòҲŰ˷֮


114 ŵҩ
űӿȥѾõİַ꣬ζӡҡ׵֮ûһִʾʱеĸˡ
һַ૵ǸϽ뿪ɣҪЩɱȥԼİֻǰܣǿԩˡ
ת˼ʮףȴͻȻͣȻϣǰ˰ɣô˵ҲСүôƣ㱬ʬҰǲӦá
͵һ˴󶴺󣬽궪붴Уʯֻ;Уȴһѽ˻˳ֶҲ֪Ҫʲô
£һʱַﻹеˣֻͷ·һ̣ɽϪʣһľŷɶͷһƬɽ꣬ɽӵһʱʱڳŴ
ǧҹǡǳſڵǼַ֣¶һ˿΢ЦܣȻܵĶˡ
ſǰûȥһӭַһ۵Բסߣóʾ΢
ַЦӦһ΢΢һǰԵǰ΢ǳС
ԭǱ֮ˣֵܣɣеһӳӹַݹ΢һۣǻ˸΢Ц
ӹƣ˳ǺַĽֵһᣬѰҸ¥ţǵһ䡰šشꡱҩ̺󣬱Ųȥ
ϴһЩҩǲĹˣ˵ϢĶַǺӵģб޻һֱ֮һ
ҩʮֿٿʮˣ濿ǽڷĴŵĹ̨̨ȫǴСһУЩ򿪵ģɢŵЩûд򿪵ģȴǷŵĹâ
̴ӣźüѡҩвûƶ񣬶ԴַҲûô⣬ߵһ̨ǰ鿴ҩУͼȥҲһöңһöңȴǿһͨĿ֮ˣһˣһƶǾԲֵҩġ
һ̴ӣֽһλˣæӭЦݣַλ͹٣Ҫʲôĵҩۻشֱ̿ӹӶϵȵĵҩ꣬ʲôȼĵҩС
̴ӼַĴ飬Բ²ܴܿ˼ҵӵܣǵĹ˿ַͣǳ󷽣Ȼҵ
ַ˽ܣʲôšû˵ÿɷ񣬵˵ͷ˵ҪһЩָõϵȵҩ
õģ͹ۣԵȣ΢ЦӦһᣬܿͽʮСɵаڷŵ˹̨֮ϣ΢ЦĽ˵ЩָϵȵҩкҪûС
ЩӣַһᣬоҩԲôǿַ˻ȥ˼УѡһºĿɨһʱһеһɫ


115 鵤
ʰкַ򿪺иǣ浹һɫҩҩɫȻñᣬһζĵͷҪֵҩˡ
Ҫ裿߿ַʰװš衯Уһüͷƺʲôһż˵ֵ֪ҩ
ۼǶ٣
ٺ٣͹ۣҩ䱦ûй̶ۼֻۣһҪʮöңϸʮǾͰۿˡ
һҪʮöңַۣüȻⵤҩǲҲ̫˵ɡ
͹ۣӦҲ֪ĹЧ˵ҩڼƷϢҩҩζ൱ĴŨǶԹĻָǶ˿ڵĻָЧһ˵⣬ͣһᣬֽŵȻⵤҩҲģҿΪƼ֣֤
ˣְɣִַߵĻʮȫҰɡ
õģõġһַȻһھҪʮѾһδˣ¶ϲһɣٿԷֵһҵˮһҿ൱һµĹˣһ⣬˵һ൱顣
ʮ裬ȥۿַۣӦøʮöңַҲû˵˦һףʮöңڰлһɫߣ˹̨֮ϡ
װҩСƿӣȡ֣֮У뿪
콫е鵤ȡ⴫һʵˣСƣȥǵҽг
⡭׷׻ͷߣЩԥ
ʱַҲ۾ŽŵЩ˿ȥ
һˣһһʿгһȣ׾òʮ񳣬ʱȴһ֮ɫ
ʿףһ׳ߣϺţ׼أһ˫ĿգȥϣɢӦһλڵǿߡ
һ꺺ӣŨüĿŵ˫ۼᣬϸһĺڴ󵶣֮ˣ׷׿ǣüͷ΢΢һ壬е㲻ȴûһж
ɵվʲôѵҪϷ꣬ܽŵ𣿡׳ߺǰһһȭݺһ֮ϣŭȵ
ǣǡվǹӺһһѷŭʱһһתһҩڲ˽ȥ
͹٣ҪʲôһЩ߷ƺղʲôҲûһк
ЩڵĻƣʻַűӣ뵽ҪǱ£ǻȥˡ
ҪˡʿҲǰһҡͷǿ㣬ǵɡ
˭Ҫ֮һϵһ߰ʮ꣬׷ߣҲŲæ˳΢ЦĳַһֵλСҪ֮
ٺ٣С϶ˡַűӿЦһ£ָŰʿЩ˵Ҫҵˣ
ǺǣǺǣС϶ˣеۻˡϰ壬΢ЦһԽַǰʿǰλ͹ۣҪһش֮֮ǲֵܳģºǼΪشĶңֻҪܳǮ֮㣬ҲǲС
鵤óɣһܸǮʿԴΪš
ʿȻŻȴЩ²ӣ΢΢üԲסСĵĹأ֮ȳǮܿ
ʿ´϶һ£㻹ǹۿ˵ͣ˵ɣҪǮ
϶Ĵ˵͹ǰ˵ЦĿС϶ôùۣ鵤һڼۣʮҡ
ʮ򣿡ۣ˶˿Թԣʲô鵤ҩǮȻ˵ĺš


116 
˵ˣһַۣҲǾĿɿڴʮңǮһŵҩ״ţͬʱҲʲôʶ£ֵʮ鵤Ǹʲôġ
Ȼǰʿ֪ˣֻüһ֣ҹ̿
ǸҹӦһ뻳ȡһ̿ݸ˰ʿ
鵤óɡһе̿ʿȻ
ԲסϷ򻹱е̿С
ʿһ˦һף̿ڰлһߣ䵽ͷ
϶ӹ̿Ȼ֣Ավһλߣܿһ۹
뿨ۺ󣬵ͷЦҪ鷳͹һ£
ʿԣڿһӼɳٴ˼£ſʾǼ֣૵ôֻǰأ
ʲôվԱߵĺͬʱ
šļ֣϶һЦݿʱ͹٣ССӪӲ˵ġ
߶ʱŭŵ϶Ͱңǲ
ߣ͹ۣעһΪŵΧ£ȻðңǿŽɣʱĵ϶ҲȻҿĵ꣬ûôеͨ
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ӵȻǿŵĶһ٣ǹţܲͷɣ󺺶ݺݰѻһ˵꣬ǰһҪС϶һ١
С϶ɥλ͹ֺۣαشҵ鷳ˣֲǲ֪żģС϶ǲ
ˣô죬󹫴˿̿գˣҪǰߣҲ޿κˣҪǺߣ鵤˵ܾȴ֮أҹˣݺеС϶һۺתǰʿ˵
ʿ˿пüҲһΪѣ֪Ǻã
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ַ̾Ϣոһ䣬ˢˢ۹ʱɨϡ
ͷð۾ַ΢΢һ㶣űǿЦãֹ򲻵鵤СүҵͲɣ
ǰʿ۹⣬ɱͷǿˣȻַһֱվĲ棬һŵʱ򣬾ע⵽ˣϾ⹫֮Уǿ߿Ǻģݲע⡣
һͷƵĶַʱŭһҹϣ
λӣ¹̲ܽϣ벻ҪǼƽϡȴַ𣬰ʿŵΪβԣѵǹð㣿
ӣعַָűǼָ𣿡
ַúܺ˼ƽˣҲˣҲֻ뻣Լһ£ĳֶԸԼ룬ûˣ˳ȥȴûҪ뵽ǰʿԼǸ
ַĻʿ˽һ㶣˼һûˣԵʿ۹ͻȻ䵽ַʱɫȴ͵һ䣬׹һûֽ˶ϸһַòͻȻز󹫣


117 ֮
ʿһٶҩ˴󾪣ͬڹ֮еĺ߳ɵˡ
ûѻ˵꣬ʿѩĹ󹫼ݵȻݼ
ַҲŹǰʿͻȻûֽ˽΢΢һ£ںп࣬ʲô£СүôѩĹء
һǹǾѩĴô
ʿַɫ󹫿ɼǵô
ַһſڽ࣬аҼǵйأСүɲʲô󹫡
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ַпЦһ󣬱ΪζĴԼǰϲİʿԼӦôӦء
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118 ʮ
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119 
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120 
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ַһۣĵҿɲԼֻǲԼ约ˣû¸Ҫܣ㲡ͶҽҲôͶԵ޹ʰԼǷ֮С


121 Ϯɱ
˵仰ַ𣬺Сֽͷļ֮ϡ
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122 ɱΧ
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124 ˧
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125 Я
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ʱԶƮһߺ
ģЩ쵰˲ðݡַȻת߱ȥ
Сб˼ɽͷɫĳɽ֣峿٣ĳҹһ·У֪ȥ
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Ƭ̣ȴӦоɣֲԼȥֺȳλʿǰȥ̽һ˰ΣȥʿûϢ


126 Ȼ
ֱԼʱȴû뵽ѵͷǰҲֻʮ֮ַԭƺúЩλһƣǽʧ
תһƣȴǰ״޵·Ȼһģıߣ̽ӣĵһƬĵף֪жʧҸյľ±ڳɾʮȵֱڣ⻬ޱȣûа֮
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127 ۼ
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128 
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129 ֮ͬ
ԶʣͻȻȷԳߵ뷨ֵ·ѣȻԼӹһ٣֮ߵȥǷҲҪһ֮
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ʱԱߵһ£ָŴߣ̾ϵϵܣѵûүе㲻ͬѰô
պоƺ˴룬һ飬ͷҽЩʲô˵үĲǣСĻȥүһǰɽײĵˣǶ⻨ɡ
ͷƤһǣЦҲͷҽǾүλ˲١
ʱպӣϣ°૵ͷôһ˵үЩˣǰЩ󵱼ʲôģүǲмһ˵ģǣţ£е
ˣǾһʹģүЩ£õǲġպӣҾһںȾԼǾӿЩ졣
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ַ֣ЦǺðɣˣͷŻƣ΢Ц鷳ӣʰط
ƲһĿ˼öˣôģͷһ۶һ㶺󣬵ЦүǸС˶࣬ûء˵ţŮƣͷģˡ
ַһգЦǾ͵ѰβˣǻϲһӦ
ַһۣ磬ôôơַüЦȴȴǿЦôܸ㣬ҲСƵƳɡ


130 
ھƹݰһᣬЩ뿪ˡ
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ַתһ˸գͷһʱɫƵͷϡϡİɫ˿ǸǰħɭĻͷ˭
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ħգڵķħޡͷʱַƺҲǲЦϷϵϢħ·׷һ£ȴ;ͻȻʧȥӰϷź
ǻڵħޡַǺ죬ܱʶˣ
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ǿУַҴ⣬һΣббһ߳ӰͷһƲ֮壬ڿմһ
С֣ɲǼ䣬ָ䣬ǣַҪַԾϣǰԾһƬҶͷĵУȴûմһƬ½ǡ
ǻǿе࣬ȻϷġħ䡯ܶܵͷһЦ˫棬ʩչһ˫ֱ仯ǧڵǴʱŤɲǼʮôַӰȦС
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͡һ˿Ѫ󣬱𣬿ɲŸով𣬡顯һְͷһţɳ࣬ص¡
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ǰеͷ΢΢һ٣ʲôˣʲôԾ
ַڵϣЦеĿͷĴˣе㲻Ծ
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ַһɹĿͷЦղţ˵ʵСүϲĸˣ˵ǻǿߣӲŸոջڣǱҲûʲô
ôĿ㻹ʲôƾ費ɣͷĿ˸ַһ˿Цǡ
ƾ赽ûСַһЦȴǽŵȴ֪ȻŻڵľ磬ʵȴûдﵽڣϲģӦ÷˺°ɣٺ٣
ַȻͨղͷϵ̶ȣƶϳϼһ죬ڷҲӲȴܷǶԻƣϺû˵ǻʤģ̫̫Ȼϻ쵰ˡ˼ת÷糵һ㣬Բߡ
С֣Ϸе㲻ʣɱһǿߣǹˣٺ١ַ״¶̣һţ漴Ц


131 
ֻͷȫɢҫ۵⣬ɫȲಡð˳չ˿ҲһŻӰշ˹
ʲôٶȣ
áַɫ䣬ɫ֣ͷ˼ԣٶҲڿӡ
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湻ˣǿɡͷؽһõӰӾͳַ
ߣСĴ˶ƤַĮһЦ˫΢һ£ԱһϣžͻΪһɫĻӰӭȥȻľٶ˿巢˱仯ͷ
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䣡
ɫͻȻûһֻȭϣֱַӷ䵽ϣ嶼ԸϯȫַеѾ˷һֵԼֱ͸⣬
æȫַֹȫȫָվſͷ
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ѿھԾ´§סַҧĿɫҰףһе硭һʱˮ˫ա


132 ʩ
ģ䣬Ӱһͷڵ֮⣬ҧվ˫һȣҲŻ㶥Ϊͷȴ˿ҲûУɲַһˣ¼˱ַ˲Ρ
ЦСѾͷˣһչģҪģٺ٣˵Ŵ߽һĻַȻϣײĿڡ
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ͷԵɣղѣŭһϷƴҲҪС֣һ꣬ͷ沿Ѫ·һ㣬ڲסðݹš
ֵ־ͷ׷ҲѪɫƮѪߣצ·ʱҪ˹ȥ
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⡭ͷĮһ˿֣ʲô£СϵɷôӰ쵽ҵ꣬ƺҲǿˡ
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ͷվڵϡ
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ַɫ΢䣬һԾקڵϵͷĿһͻȻЦͷСү֪㻹ûӴ۾ȻСүˡ
үַеǸͷ˶ʱֹ֮ɫ
С֣Ҳǿ֮ĩ͵ҵʬɣʮ΢ͻȻͷ˳


133 
ַͷ˵㾡ȫһ飬ʶԺľųɣֻʣһ˿˿ѪҺʧҲʧ֪ʱιȥ
Σ˲϶ҧ⣬ʹ̼ԼŬǷǿߣҲʱ״һѵ˷棬߰
磡̴ַ΢ţ֪롣
ôλүˣַͷҲأץסͷֵ˶ٸй˼ɣæƣַһŭ֮ɫ
˿ĭȵСӣ÷Ҽүܸȫʬ
ߣһȺ׳աַЦһɱҲ汳֮ˣǲҪҷүðһ콣ͣͷ紦
ס֣쵰ҺҼүҵȶɢ޲ɫȫɢɱ֪Է飬˵ҪֻҲڿ
Ⱥ˱ܶͷʱͷڣ㶼ʧ⡣
ַֻѾˣ˭ǰһҾͷƴƣӻˣҲȳү
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ַűҡҡͷȻЦϲģҪɱСүڴˣѵֻΪϴСүǼ¡
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СӣҼүֵԲΪ㡣ʱ˳Ҳǳ
һԹѪʮ㣬쵱ĺӡ˵Ļַһ𣬴һǵĻУȷ˵Ļǿɿģǲܷͷ
һ˿ҲѾҪʧǷҲѾû뿪ˣ뿿뿪ҲǾԲ˵׷١
Ͼ˵Ҳأֻ˵졯Ϊ֤ԺͲ
ֵܵĻͷҲǲ˲ȴͻȻ̾˵ϻǾңҲûж೤ӿɻˣǿƾ磬ȻϷƾʵȴûϷڵ֮ˣϴγţѰ¯ȴСָƻ˸ףһϷѲһ룬˳𲻱ϷҲʣǻֻ֣ҪɱϷڹҲضм
ʲôүֵңܶ
ͷ֪ͻȻ춯֣ɱͬǰĶҲǷʲôˡ
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ֵܷɿӰŨмʧַǲһֵ΢ЦԸүʮ֪ǲǻҪɱң


134 
С֣ѾĻˣܰ쵽¡ͷѱһַĻҲɫ䣬ŭһûаѻ˵леڴġ
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ַ΢΢һЦ̤һȡšٵͷ㾹ȻѾĻֵ֪ҩϲʶ
ʲôҩܡͷһҪԷ̣ɵַеƷȴͻȻʧٵСӣ֮Ǵǵõġ
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ģͷһʲôģ
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𣿡ͻȻַһΣ֮ϾȻֳ˰ŵҩһĻͷʼʱأʣ޷
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ַڵأѪӿܲ˵ֻҡҡͷʾԼû¡
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һַȻ˹ȥֵܶ΢΢һ໥һۺ󣬲ſ̾ϢһһǰСôȥǸϽ߰ɡ
ţʱҲ֪Щ˲Ầˣ˵ͷǱַͷں˳ǡ


135 շ
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ſۣԼһ侫¶СɵķС
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ȻַЩõ·˵УЦˡ
ַ붨ʱѲߣֻȫܣ㣬ǻָ߰˰ˡ


136 ħ·
ʱͻȻһŲȴſͣǻ
ɡַ֪˭忪ڵ
ַŸ֮ˣ΢һڣ΢΢ſƿš
һøߴ󣬵˶˽ȴǳֵ֮һ֮ǰ̸Ӧǳֵܵϴ󣬴˴ʱͷϣǶź顣
ʲôôַĿһۣڵ
һڣϴ֧˵ֵַˡԡʱӦóƺΪˣһʱȴǿ˿ڡ
ԺͽҹӰɡַȡһ·һϣһĵ
ӣʩҩҼүϴ˿ʱڵ
ַ·һۣкâһһᣬְҡҡͷһһӣšٵ˳ϴС
ȥϲķº׼һ£ҼСã϶뿪
ǣӡϴһᣬ˵ͷѸԾ𣬵ȥ
ҲôɣӣǳϴһŵӰַ΢΢Цһ£Ҳ˳
ɽȴССһôû뵽ϲסĵط
һȥĴǼɽϱڱǲľή֮ʱĲľȴ٣ڱĵطԾó滨ݣȴĿǡ
һ԰ɽȪˮȱĵط
һȣʯףһʯС·
Բʯӣһ㣬·Ĺ⣬ֱͨһεŻ
ŻһȪƹǧڼɽ»㼯һСС߰˺Ҷ䣬ŶԶԲɫ
ַĿעЩطĳһ񣬱һСϵļɽԭɽҲһţƿţɽǰԺˡ
ʱǰԺվˣ˳ֵܣ⣬»ٵˣЩм䣬ΧһµСһɫĴһݺݵĿɨ
˵Ŀ˾ǻڵͷˣʱȫź۴£ǿݵǶĶе֮Уʺ죬еʺ죬ԶԶȥֱ治ͷ
ϲģԺӲͦܵİȻ˵ĻַȴǵЦס֣Ҳû֮ϵǸԱ˫Ŀͷ
СӡСӣֵΪԺǵ£ϷǿʩطľҲҪ׽һ˵̣һһʱ֮ϵͷͻȻַ
СүҡعͷͻȻͷĿ綢ԼַҲ֮ëȻڣ˵»ͷ졯ʱ
ͷǵĿȴһʲôҲû˵ͳȥ
ֵܿ˿ַֻͷͷһۣͻȻͷǰүˣԺҪౣأǡ
߰ɣ߰ɣġͷִǻ˫΢΢һᣬݡ
ֵ濴һۣתַ˳ȥ
ַ˲ŸյſڣһֻӰڸ߿ͻȻһգ۹ԶֻҰǳƣξ޴ޱȣһֻ࣬۾ȭͷС˸˿˿⡣
磬ЩʲôеͷƤ飬ֻĹһֱۣдͷһƬ鲻Խ־塣СӣЩӥǸ·֮ãǧҪסϷĻֵϷ֮ӣǸߴǣĺǣϷҲҪ
ͷٴδַȻ򣬶ʱüͷչ˲ѣĽ浱ûȴǶЩ
ͷӥǻǳڣֻ㶥塢ֻλͷǴֱʣһ־ֻħޣڵļһȻһҵͺʵԶǻǿ߿ɱȡ
㻹ûϹɣַỽһֻӥأԾֻڵӥϣС΢΢е㷢ףЦҪţġ
ֵ֪ܺ£ҿЩӥȽϤϷһ󣬱׵ֻӥչ߷ɣ˲ֱ


137 ս
˷ħ޸··̶ʱ߹ǣʱһζ
żǳأȥʱ;Ҳϲٽٷ˵̰ߣħޣƹˣţٰݺȡᡣ
ַֻȴɷǣټųֵ͵ʴף˷۱Ⱥúڲַ֣࣬ʶЩͽԿͷ֮࣬Ҳվ
ͨЩʱյĽ̸ַԳֵҲһ˽⣬ֵܣϴ󳣺硭ߣ϶ˡߣϴ΢֣Գֵ֮ˣ϶ľݣԸȽ򣬺ٿ˵
ĸôеˡ
ֵİ̥ԪߣָݣС۾ӡʨ죬Ҳ˵ǹ죬˶ڼӶ⣬£ǴӲ⣬һϴ󳣺հ
Ȼ⣬츳ȴǼѣ˵ԪػƷʾȻϵȣҲ˵ֻҪʱȥÿһ˶н쾳Ŀܡ
Ϊ׳գȴ׳գⶨǵ츳ͷϲ⣬áﶬĸļìܣӶӦ
һգӥ˷ɵһѩ֮ʱͷӥȻһֻӥֹͣ˷Уضԭһᣬ㻺²
һ䵽棬ֵеϴ󡭡磬Ծַǰ棬˵ӣǰѩؽ硭ѩ룬ǽӦô
ѩôַ̧ͷȥԼȺɽȴǰããһƬĴǱѩأ綼˱
վǿת۱һ˪ܣԴˣַ΢΢üǹӵġ
תͷһۣȴǼȻæҲûתȻȻӭǶͨСϣһյĻãԵ÷ǳ񾲡
ôˣ֣һº͵Ļӿȥɢȥƺ⣬
ûʲô磬߰ɡѩصغУַŰڿҰرǰĳǳҲԽԽ
£ɵ̫ߡһͷӥ䣬кУɽ¶ϺӰΣӥѳתŲ
ֵ벽ַӰ׷˹ȥ
˳ǣֵַܰһ·ɱȴͬǣǰˣȻһҲûеʯѣ쫷ɨ
ַĿģ﷢սѩѾˣââѩȻû˴սѪ֮ߴĶϺȴ²ͣǰ
ڳѰ˰ҹ˵ǻˣҲûһǳص˱ƾʧһ㡣
˲ģǰУٴξȴһˣΩǹϹʬɢ䣬ʬ׶ΪҲвѰգñѩᣬ״Ҳԡ
ַЩ֮óֵп·ǽһ·֮ϵʬ׷ûԪ׻𻯣һҲûЩʬˡ
ɽֵ۵ùǺַҲǴԲ;ַҲ㲻˳֡
ٴڱѩбһȺͨѩգһʲ֪м֧ѩĹĲƫʦ˵أѩĹľսڰպҾӣ׷˹԰ȥˡ
ַЩ˸ڣͷ棬ɫ̲ʤ뵽һ·ʱ
һ·ƼǧߡĲҾ㱣ѩսȥѩ֮صƽ񻹲֪ˣ
ַãѩìܵĺܣǰֻ뾡Զⳡ·ǣŽ֮˽ȳ󣬾Զ߸߷ɣһ龰ȴ뾡սҡ
ַͻȻԵҪѩƽܹЩشʥˣǱȹ˵ǰ£һһԼܾľ;
ԼҲҪڣΣգǱʱ볣ֵܷɱʲôʥߡҲֻҲˡ
ҡڲ˼һ·ͣͣǰƹһѩɽͣǰȻʣֻһϸˮѩ׵ɽȣȻʡ
ѩڣĴ캮ضѩ׷ɣûвöģȴͻȻһĺˮϣƺƵ
ַۣΪ֮һ֮ʣͻе磬Ǻұˡ
ұַһ˳ȥֻçĺУһðʯݳɵĳǳأɽˮͷȻޣ޷֮䣬ˮһǸ߰ٳߣɭȻŽɷ׳ۡ
гǰѩһӰӭΪһַһ䵽أ˵Ҳ編ƣַһҲʶ㶡


138 
ֵַ֪֮ʣΪ֮һ֣ȥ˵󹫻ɳ۶ȥ
˷׷ǰ·Ϊ֮һӵֵַ󣬾ǰС
һʮյſڣֻǰһ۶΢ЦǺķܶӵˡǶƤñƤۣƤñģ䡣
ӱеߺȣͬʱԣ˵ӭ󹫣
ַһٵɣ񣬷ܾ
ʮһƤ¡ƤñķɻǰӭӣֵĵǹӲ֪ѩĹʲô٣ųַֻ˵һ·ҲͲʡ
˺ұһլһƤñķɱӭַ˽ȥַֻһլУӦþܼһЩ֮ˣ֪լдձ̺ǻϷ˲ȹȴһˡ
ɱӶӳ󹫣ұѳΪǰսأ졢ָʹתƵѩĶȥˣڴ˰һգҵȱ㻤ѩĶ
ַҲʣֵߣƱһڷ֮ơ⡢ȡ̡
γУһðѩ˶һЪ
ڶ磬ͻȻ磬ǰǸɽ£㵽ˡַɽΰһӻˮ죬ɽԱϡ
һתɽ£ǰչһƬѩԭܲĵӪʣǧ䣬ͣ߸أѲӡ
ַķܡɻɱӹٱȡŽǡصĴ
ͻȻɽ죬յڹٱҷֿһƥߴ񿥵ѩ޳˳䱳һ״󺺣ַУ󹫣ڻˣ
ͻȻɿַ֣ӭȥһͷײ˵ĻУǲʤ֮ϲ
ֻڽʿź󹫣꣡꣡꣡
ȻźַһĿĹˣʿ鵶أǻע
±Яվм䣬Σǵ⣬ֵһӵͦò硣
ַȴв΢΢ţۿǺһԼַ֪񺫱ԸȥȴǺʶԼαװ
ߵַǰͣ£˫ͻȻһ˿⣬ֵ󹫻
ַװȻ̬һǰ·ԼȴַУƤЦⲻЦγȥвʣַ֪ԼģѩĴ󹫳񣬿Ҳ΢΢Щһ£ַ𸴣͵ʲôϿǰɣˡŵŵӦû˿ģȥѩĴʶ֪꣬ѩĴʲôãƢ˶ַͻشΪ⣬ַҪЦشʻҪġ
ַȴһʱͷ綷ȻҲŵ֮ȴδʵۣռųԼһ֮ҲЩ
˿ѹסп״󺺡ұػֵΪӾţ;ۣĽҰôѾ˱ƼȣΪ󹫽ӷ硣һֵ룡
˳ǣһƬĹһɲʻ𣬲ûԻʹУѾںϯ磬һŮüĿߣַ׷׷
ַ˰֣վҪ£һƬһ֮䣬ʿлҹ˽
ַһ̧ͷ˶һƬַҪڣлҹݵڵأãôΪҵգ𷣡
⻰վַ׵ĺɫһ䣬˺ȵʲôȲû󹫣ôðȣˣϳȥˡ
ַû뵽⺫Упᣬŵʿûǰַæе
󹫣Σѣ󹫲ҪĻʹ¾Ķʧء˵һ䡮ַûüЩЩʲôͱ׵ĺ˵һһ㶣֪νӻ


139 
˽ԻĿַЦһ£ǿסص²ǣʵԱƲߣΣǾûҪ֪ˣ˵֮ʣлҹǱȻǾɡ
лҹվ
ַһӣϯʼˣںףȻлҹ£½дͳνӷϯ˳ȥ
ʱٹٽμʲôʹԽ֪ʹ¡󽫾Сָʹָʹȵȡ
ַһʱ֮Ҳǲ࣬ÿӼһˣҲֻǺЦ˵ͷ
ڴʱײײһʿе²áϵǳ̽죬һ㶡
¾ţԳ󽫷緶ʵ
˿ĭǰ̽ϢѩĹԽӣ򺫼ұ·
ʲô͵վʧдѵѩˣ
ȥ̽
̽ëСүһ·ߣȫ˷棬Ѿʧˡַˣаֹһ׼·ˣȻ
ַ뷨δ꣬⴫ٵڽ⣬ֻһ̽ӷѩڰһսɳѩʧݣѩĹĴ֮һĺʮұ
ڽŭѩĹѩĹɣ˿׷ʹ򣿡
ԭΪѩĹкѩԪ˧˹ܱҲʮ򣬶Ҿǿйѩ룬һҲʧأʮʿĪǴ̽󣿡һĹ򾲣³е˫ȴǴ˲
£УޡѩʧݣѩĹԭѩľӣ֮ǵ֮УʮʿضżʮѩĹĽ
δ䣬ңңΪ֮ǣһʿ첽ݵڵأѩĹ󽫺ǰ򣬽ұפұɶܶΪӣΪǰ潻սΣֽ˫ϢѩĹʾβ±ɵﺫұ
ЩδӴľ£ַδϻۣʱҲǲ֪Ӧԣÿһ˱ϣֻǵͷȴ룺ʮǰģȥὫС
лɫ⣬󹫲صģоǰȻ˺ұسǵĿǺѵױһʮڻ£ټϺָʹĹǼưٳԹˣѩĹһǰԽ׳ذ벽
Ȼ˾ĿⶼַϣַӶجŪͷת򣬲֪Ǻãб򺫱
΢΢ף֮ƣ˱һսʵڱ
ǶͬУַ룺⻰˵˵û˵˭ʤ˭ܣʲôϵٱϼ䣬˾Ҫˣ㡭
л˼ǣ˵֪󹫻ʲôıûУ
·ַ˼ؽδͷ˵˳
·СۿŴۣۿۣĴɵɵ
ַ˵˿ڣп಻ֻӲ׵ѩĹվҪٳ£ǰľʵݾѩĹܱѲʮ򣬵ʵСӲƴִֻеķݶ
ַ˵˾Լͬͻƣ
ַ֮䣬תͷѽʲôʮߡ˸͸֪ΪϺл˸ߣ˵ԼıЩñֵȻʤ࣬ǼߣԼôķӡ
ʱֲòȥ˭ðӵĴ󹫣Ƽ䣬ͻȻһƣڶؽеǿɽɢΪ㣬λսΪһٲҪ·ˡ


140 
뵽˷Ծ˷ܣһͬ˷
ⶼʲôӦѵǶԱΪ֮ߡĴɻ󣿡ַ˾䡣
󹫣ˣֻǳһʱûӦļƲߣŻˡ䳡֮ʣͻȻǰһֵ
ӦҵļƲߣ˻˶٣ַеɻ
󹫣ܸռ̳дͳԺұĶƲô˽⣬ݳ˵һ£ˡ˵ͻȻȻѩĶ뺫ұվ֣洦ɼ侪֮ǷҲѶȣѩĹйռѩĹ֮ģѩĹһι̳дͳ⼸Уι޲ľӪұߣ½ѩĹһ֮享ұѩĶĪ˵ǳؼ񣬾ȫȫڴ˴㣬ٿ⣬ƶϣֻҪѩĹĵо޷ƳǽǺұ֧Ŷʮ꣬ƾѰ֮޷ˡ
ַ˵ͷ˵ĵо˫Ҳܺȥˣ
ˣԴҶأû뵽
˴󽫷ȣʱȻôȥԸоһĳ̾ҵȽǿأ֪Ψд󹫴´ıԶ
Ψ֮ƣҪأҲͬоʿҹúϢ˯ľ㾫оչλս
ǳأȥַû뵽֮󣬾Ȼ˵һԭɲȥоʵʵڵ·ȻǶôΪҲùˣֻҪԲǸ·ۡ
һᣬַǵĿֻסǣס˿Լֽǳս֪Ҫ˶ˣȻصסǻƨصĺãһսǧû񲻶һϡ
ɨڽĿںлϣ˶ɳϽǸӦöܵôµĽɫ뵽
ӦǰַƬ̣λսԻչ㽫ȫȷʮغұѩĶĲÿ죬ֻһΣ֮䣬Ѳߣ򲻵õоϸǡ
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ֶַл˵лıΪȫܲıȫˣָӣ͵ش
ֵҲ¡תͷַ򳣼ϴ磬ֵǧڳЧѩѲӣ֮ڣֵˣΪţдݡ
ַһۣ룺ӣˣȥо˰ɡ
ڽɢȥַҲŹԺȥֱԼǵ۵ϣһᣬǺòȥһ룬ͷˡ
һŹŮַƹһƬƬС԰Щ԰бֲ׷紵ѩ£涡
ַȴʼں棬߶ֻĴǸǽ֪ԼסδȻߴҪ˵ģԼŶĵ
ͣͣ䣬һ֮ǰѾդդû߽󹫻ˣ
ʱǺŮѾˣǲߣַǴģ¶Цݵһˣ
Ѿһ㶣Ц濡ѽ
ŵѾδǵĹЦ
ɾʱһ֧ƿնǰ·Ůֱַָţַһӣȴûļͷ˵Ķ硣
δףַκ˳֮⣬ֻҲȺ䵽ַ׷ء
һХɣһô֮󣬷磬۶쳤Լַ΢΢һ
룬˭ô󵨣ȻѩĹ֮ڣżʱȴ꣬Ȼˣ⹬֮ɳ룬ԼżݶӦòͨ
ӦþѩСӰɣͷһ³ͽˣ˵еıʲôΪ㡯ļƲߣЩүڿ֣ʸǵϴ󡣡ַɻ֮ʣһĽϸߡƤ΢ڵ꣬۾
ȴǲֻ࣬һȽԲһǷףеɫҲ΢ϲ˹
˭ַüͷһ壬°ͣꡣ
Ǻ٣ǺҴ纫Ƕ纫סƤ΢ڵ꣬һЦַһֵ˵ꡣ
ԭǺҵүַ¶һ˿΢Ц˵һӦòôù
ұ̼ܽϣǶӣע˺ԴС˾ͺٳұÿ춼ڱѩһҲѵһ죬쵽û뵽Լϴˡ
Сԭˣѩǹ񡣡ʱǰ洫һϸĽŲĵζ˾Ϊ֮һ
ַͷȥֻһλ΢Ц˹⸾毺ã˫ᣬȹ΢ҡɢһɺ¶Ĺ
ˣʱḷַ́ʱ϶˿ɰЦݣλ̡һ̡
򲻿ɣѩڹΪһ֮ݲͬգԺɱʩˡַ΢Ц΢΢ƫûַһ
СӣȥѩΪһ֮ɲܺһͻȻͷѵ
û£̣һеûţҪ˽ˣλүˣòˡַ֣ˡ̡Ļ
ʱѩĹڲһҲԼʲôѩĴ󹫳Ҳ˻ɣţǿ֪̽һЩϢôô׾⺫ȥ
ǵġǵģѩĽƵģȥ󣬿ɱͷӣˣȻǻܲҵġһַ˵ʱ
⼸Сˣһ죬̫ȻͷǣԼȥ˵ͷеүٴ΢ЦĿַһۣƮƮȻˡ


141 ѩ
һߣһεַǰ£ңϸһ°ͣҡͷԵҶõĶӣͷӵֶҺٵϴ󣬼Ǳүϵϴ󣬱ˣɲУոնܱүٽӼοɵöġ
һϴһ֪
ȵȡַüͷһ壬ǣеɻ˭ϴˣҿɻûӦǵϴ󣬱еôȡ
һֱûĺףһ⻰æеԣԣ桭Ǹ㡭ϵĴ㡭Ĵ硭ȻǵϴˡȻĻӦôС
ѾͷϵĴ㣿⼸ȻģַȴҲףֻôҲû뵽Ȼ˺ٵĴ㡣
ɲǴͷӸӲҪҲΰƵͷȻѹĲᡣ
ϴͷ˵ʲôΪ㡯ļƲߣǲҪ˳ȥ̡ͻȻǰһ䡣
ַⲢģڴﶼôʶҲֻôˡ
һʱеι˵ϴ󰡣ö˶˵ظôȥЩ쵰ĹֹǣȥЩսˣԼԸͷӲҪŴ磬ŶǶȥȴЩҶһ϶ҲͰˣͷ֮һȥ򣬾ҲҺٵʱҲһҪȥ򣬿Ǵķ
ŭﺫ˵˵жսɳõĹޣԺ˹ƾսϵѪҲûʱˣҲֻ»ҰС
ʱһţ˿ĭ˵ޣʲôģ̫òżһΣɲܺȹˣȥô
ãëƤȺֶ֬࣬ƷϴγһΣǻܵ˼ЧʱҲõţϴƵĺܣһȥ԰ܰɡʱعͷǻ鿴ַ
ðˣ̽̽ĵΣҪѩĶ뺫ұʵڿסˣҲýɲţǳأĹ϶ʮ꣬ĺãһٵĻַȻӦ
˵ַʵҲȽϺó֮ˣǰ˵Ƶζڵϣǿǹı˭ȥԣû˼ˡ
һһͳȱˣ˹ֱ򱱡
ѩĶ¸ӵĵͣһ·ǳеĵطѩ˲٣ĴǼߺĻѩŻѩ·ŢУַ뺫ٶߣὡߵü졣
߽һѩѩǵѩ֣֮ʱǰĺܣܣ˳ָ֮ȥֻԶѩһĽӡԶһǰܵ㼣
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ܵĽ̤ڻѩ֮У磬СҲ٣һ˴ߺȣ첽ǰֻӡһ·˱ѩɭ֣ѩԭ֮ϣ˱øӿˡ
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143 涾
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лҲףַΪΣ
ַüͷңңһۣŵɣоȻʧأȥ·βδҵʰĵزԷ߳ߣҾؾУ򲻿ðȻ׷
ϴ󡭡
ضԣգʱһһ𸴵ġַһӣ˳ͷŹڲȥ


149 Զ֮
ַ뺫٣첽Уص
˹ַ㽫װ涾ߵĺ«ڹ֮ϣ֪涾һͻȻʹõԽԽ䣬ʱвڵĲˮҲ˱
ֺ䣬£ֻ룺֣֮Уֵ㲻Ҳø
ȥŪʮͷѩͷŽԼĺ٣ַͻȻڵ
ҪѩʲôѵŪտ죬е⶯⻹治
һ˳ԣǳԣһָ̧֣һ
ӴԴŭź磬ٴν棬´λҵͷȻ򲻹㣬ҲҪ
Ƥǣһ㵽סһ䣬̧߳˴
ɵվʲôȥæŪѩߵǰ治֪Ϊʲôֵܣ˼ҶſڣһﾹȻųԡ
һʳһԱôȥֹ̡ں߳ĺ׿źһûһ㳤֣֮ôڿֳô
ַ΢΢ҡͷһЦʮһ״룬СİѺ«ڴһ˿ʱһ˿ཻУƺֳֻʣæٲһЩͨˮ
һ˿̣׵ڵˮ֮Уʹˮ˱ɫ̵ıһһ⣬ĵӿͷû뵽һ˿Ȼ̺ô̬Ķԡ
΢΢һᣬٰѾõĶҺֳʮݣÿһݶҺĺһʮУȻֽҲá
ڴеһᣬ㴫ġѩĻַ̌ͷһֻſڵը˹һ㣬óһ·
һֻ˳ߡԼɵľ޴ףų򣬳߷ɱ
ַоȣһ񣬷ſ壬鲢ᣬһ˶ֻ״Сϰڵסˡ
úÿ죬裬ֱǰǿ֮˷ףȴǺˣһֹ࣬Ҳɡ
վȺ⹬еɵɵԼ˰ѺŭʲôȻǶףʮȦ
Χ۵һ⻰׷׿ַһۣ΢΢˵ͷæͻǱ˸ɾ
ģȻҿҵЦ徲ˣ֮䣬׿۸ڵأסͥԺС
ַ״΢ЦŪĴһʲô
ױգûҲŪǶ磬ûϹָӣ˵ʲô£һҪ׵ģҲˣƫƫЩ̧һҪҶǹ˽𡣡
⻰ַҲգ΢΢һ£˺⣬Цⶫóѩ˶ˮý֮档
ʱü뺫ʮʿ̧ʮͷѩƵ˽ȺףȴֿտգԲ󣬲
ƽƽƾʲôһʲôҲȴ׼У۷裬һת˹֮УֵʲôҲҪˣ
׽ˮȥˣַһЦˣҰѩ£ͳȥɣ
һַĻְ˽һڣ׷׽õѩڵϣ˳ȥ
ַ˺һۣ֪Ҫʲôôһ㶣Цϴ׽˱涾ߣҪȥŪѩһ֪ҪʲôôҲ˵ȥ˰ɣ


150 ƶ
ַЦҾҪƶЩֻҪ鶾ԣȴû뵽жض񣬵ʱǶ֭粻У治ôãף㵱ŪĲ
ƤһȣЦҵġ
ԭ㣡ַ˵꣬˺һۣЦ˺ˣھͿʼɣһ꣬ȴһֻѩӽ֮УһϡͺõĶˮһһ붾ˮӭײѩȥ
ʱ䣬ֻѩҷɣϣŲѣһᣬţһͷŶѩȻ˶Ѱ׹ǣǰ׹ϻðšꡯĺ̡
վһԵַ뺫Ŀɿڴ顯һ׳ˮڵϣ鿪·֪૵Ҳֲ̫̬̫˵ɡ
˵仰ʶԾȻʲôǾͷԼԱߣװŶˮĴ룬ಡһ£ԶݿֱֱԺſڣͣ
ҪЩˮһЩϣ׹ǵľˡ
ַҲû뵽涾ߵĶȻôԵ΢΢һֱӶ˵붾ˮٴһֻѩףһһϡ
ȻŴվһߣһѩûһˮͻΪһѰ׹ǣֻؿʼĵĵȴѩķӦʲô仯
ʱĲֻʮĹ򣬹ѩʼıȻԽԽ嶯ԽԽҡ
Ҳʼ˾˵ı仯Ƥë¿ʼ͹һ񣬶ԽԽ࣬ĲȫЩһƬ忴ȥԵ޹ʵĴһȦ
ЩֻάһСһһʱţ͵ٶҲø죬ǰѩ쳣壬ʹİַҲЩˡ
ǰѩڲϵı󣬼š
ַܿʶһ˿ԾȻĴӵһߣתһ΢΢һ㶺Ҳɿ챼һֱܵѩʮԶĵطͣס˽Ų
ͷȥʱ򣬡顯һ쿪˼˸սعͷһȻֻѩѱ壬ը˺üأѪɵɢ˵ϡ
ԭ˩ΧЩѩմЩѪҲǲҽҲʼ𣬲һܱƲϣѩɢҵĲкѪһأ˵ǲҲ̶ˡ
ַһһƨ˵ϣҪǷӦĹ죬¾Ҫѩıը˵һжܵһѪҲһ顣
ֵܣ˴ӣЦһۣȵƽǲվӣ˳ȥѩ꣬˵üȥŪˣȻַԶ黹ôȥ
ַЦűӣ˿Ѫģֳֳ˳Ǹˤ÷Ĵ룬ˡ
ҺԺеȳȥˣȻһɢֲ֮£֪жҪܺ
ַߵԣüͷһۣû뵽涾ߵĶôֲҩͶҩɣȻʹѩ壡
˼ʮʰһѩĲкմѪͳͳɨ˿ڣٰϵЩѪþƬطͺ֮ǰûʲô󣬲˳ȥ


151 ľ
һپŰʮͷѩ˽
һѩȴ壬ֱٽˮϡʮΣʮͷѩʱŵõַҪĶˮ
ҲǲֱӾãǽһսϲġжʿֻо˵飬ȷöˮĶԡ
֪ⶾˮȻѾܶˣҲѾﵽַҪı׼ˮеһ˿֮ȴҪ
ٽ׽˺ü²ԶȴǽˮһȦӣ㼴нòˣҲɪɪ
Уˮ䣬ûֵܹһ²ýеƫһַۣ˵Լˮϣܲ㣡
Щ²Ȼ֪ʲô£ÿͬ鶼ߣȴûһܻЩУǰ쵣ǣ䷢Σµıһ̳䵽Լͷϡ
Լ֣лĻᣬҪҶ֣²亹乶£ַüͷ
һˣһ΢΢ԥһᣬæ£˵ӣϣŵС˽ҲͷСˣ
ַ΢΢һЦ˵ãҲϣܻ
⡮²仰ֿͷ˵лӣ˫һͦװšˮıӣܵԼϡ
ͻȻһɺƱѭֱۣѸ׵ţֹһ󣬼ͷϡ·ϡֽϣһ㱡İ˪
ַ΢΢üͷ룺⡮²ѵˣѾѿʼ˪ڰţͻϺ˿˿ð˪Ҳʼڻ
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²ͻȻһһѣӵܿһַۣ뺫ٶϲɫ֪ǰ˵ԼĻģҲǻ첻ѣֱоһΡ
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ٱ˴˿һۣҲǴʮʿ뿪ˣһЩ˾ͱŴССٿľ˽շԸźãȥ
Щľ飬ַչŰƤֽͼҹʱ֣ǻͼÿֽ϶˻ᡢ䡢ԲľͼΡ
ͼ̷ޱȣʵಿãַȻǰйľȴǳ棬е㲻˳ֻ֣˴ҹЩûõĲȥ
ȻʻһֻøֲɵĴԾȻֽϣЦݵÿֻһۣǻ콣콣૵ΪҪĵʹˡ
һ꣬ľм裬һͼֽϵľ׷
һֱڶϣַҪĶ깤ʱ֮Уڷһֻľӥҳ᳤ɣǰߣ¸װ֣ϷнʱͷβṲз糵Ĳʱ
ľ¶һԲľͰ沼СΪˮ֮á
ַȡһħ˰ѾõġۡУʶֱĲ糵תôľмַһ֣һ˭Ͼδȴֱֱǽײȥ
ಡһóһӰַǽǰ潫֮ȡħˣ÷糵ͣºȴǿ˼
ƣֻľӦܷɲǣȴֻڵܣϸһȷûֽħ˷˽ȥֻΣȴǽħһķݣֻǽһݷ˽ȥ
ľһɺȴббһڣĲ糵һתľһͣڰգȵ


152 СС
ַ˿Цԭ̫ˣ
ϴ󣬳ɹˣַЦһֱĺæ˽
ţַ˵ͷϵͼֵֽͼߴ磬ľȡģֻľ񣬶Լȴǳ˹ȥ˳ǽϡ
Ϊһ֮֮ʱǲ¶棬˿ܻ浱СˣľҲӦˡ
ϳǽңããӪʣҲ·вΣԵ޹ʾⳡǷ֮Уûһ硯Լȥˡ
¹£ȻΪһ䡮硯ܵգɲԼǰĴ·񰡣֮һѶҲԼ̫¶ˣ뼱и˰ɡ
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ַСľˮҪѩĹǲѣһȣӿЦǴ󽫽ô˫֫·ˣѵһͷûд֮ôˣ˵Ǹĺ
⻰ȻŭȴЦҲˣ͵ѩĴѪˣʡõûд֮
⻰վַԱߵҪַȻЦ飬ȴû
𣿶˵Ҫлһˣ˻Ǿ䲻ңԸڵϣһῼһַ΢΢һЦ󣬻콣ĿһתעںϣȻһȥ֪ܲһ룡
ַ콣һʱﱻɱ龰޿֣һִ֣֮¶Թ֮ɫЦѩĴ󹫿ڲŲֻǰպѩĹͽٳ£İ۱Χǣ֪ѩĴǷܱ
ʿѩĹۣⳡսӦýˣ΢ЦĿעźǵѩ򹫹һˣҾûҪô鷳ˣҸΣ
üһЦлҪ˵СС˧ĸҶ죬Ҷ壬ǲǱģ
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˵Ҳʵѵ㻹иõĽ취ɣĿ˸ַһڽʿһ˿Цǡ
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ַû˵ЦѩĴǴụ֮́ľٺ٣ѩĴͬ޵УϻĶ֣֮£˰ɡ
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Ҿִַ˵΢ЦҵĻû꣬ѩĹѳԶǣӦսҲпԭҵľսһսʮ˫Լʮ౶ԴݣһӭսѩľʮǿߣǽΪΣ
ַ֮˵Ϊʵڴӻǳλ˻λľ磬ȻԻλʵԶʮǿǾȡʤҲǹˡ
ַпûҪһ֮ܡǣֻЩǿ߾һЩֲ֮£չ֮ơ


153 ֮
һжʮɫ΢䣬̶һתַһۣЦеصô˵£ҲĪɡʲôıɡ
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𣿡ǳʱַ֮⣬ɲ⻰лȻһʮֻҪ׼ȫַǱذɣһжʮǾǲѴ֮֮ܽܣѵͶ֮⡣
һ뵽ҲĶѣֻҪھַܽⳡսʱƾֹͣԼھʿеضʢ߸ԼӵܳΪⳡսӮңʱһȥһ¡һ꣬ͷ㷵˾֮С
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Ȼ˹ַЩ˶ȥʱͻȻ˽еĹˡ
ô죬˵Ҫôַһղ;ߣ׵һЩţһֱϳͷֻããʣĹʿѹѹһƬ֮
Ƭ̹£оֹסƣһɱЦһģһ֣ͷţֻ˵˳£㽫ɴ⬡
ÿ켫ѽַϵǾվںԱߵһ죬Ҳһڵǿߣ˲۵ǧ֮⣬ǹͷѩĴ󹫺ڣ
˫һʣʲôƨţ
һĬҽǰǴսģѩĴ󹫵ԼʱڴһҷսܣȻ޻˵˱㷽ɥҷ֣֮Ͻ
ģ˵ðպŹһʱ˭ģӱȽϻ𱬣ֱӽк
ֻǸʱһ㷽³ӦսǾֱӹǣǡ޶תء
ϴΪʲôסҵ죡ѪţһڴӦȥӭսȴַһսʮǿߣžȥ
һĬȻһᣬ㽹ϴس֮أҲ׳ǣǺã
ģбַ֮˫üһʮ㣬ס𣬵ľ˶٣
µʿľģϸ˶ټܣüϸһ£ش
У̫ˣٵȥ¾ͲˣֻҪܷͳɣڰСһټܣתƬѹѹӰԭΪټǴ´࣬û뵽һ𣬾ȻռôһƬء
˳ǡ
ַٻعͷл΢ЦעҵΪһľգڷǳҪ󣡡
ǣ¶ʱлһͦ
ţַ˵ͷҪ£˲ôҪСүҿƴǿʱ٣һ㣬СүɾҪˡ
뵽ͷٿһֱԼĺұЦˮһ£ǣ·һ·ӭңһ·ձѩĹеͨʿһ·ǽое߶Χ÷ŹκһˣЩˮֻܶԸͨʿȴǲܣˡ
񣡡ұݵڵأ˶һۣҲ


154 춾
ɣַɨһۣ𺫱аɲЩƻֻۣҪһڳԼ͵׵壬ù
л뺫󣬱㿪ʼ˵ǲȽˣһ˷׷˳ǽ
ʱܿȥڳ½кַЦһӳһԾ£ǰ
ںݴַƬ̣Цһ֮Ϊӣһԣ
ַһӣһޣֻҪˣϽߡ
ʱվںԱߵļǿߣϴζ׷׳ԹַĿͷȰ಻סȵСӣɣһһͷಡһ
ͷǼͷϴΰһû㣬ַּҲмܣһȴգͷסǰһˡ
ҰʳʺַһţͷվԽأַһһãǳѹ֣ͷӿݣȴʹıζ
֪ϴͷַսЯα콣ۣΪ̫ˣ˸ԣѾĻһѺ񱳵УֻͼҪһѩǰܣȴû뵽һ֣ԼĴ󵶾Ȼ͵˶ͷУ־ŭ
ѩĴ󹫵ñ£ϣСˣǿַһоͶԼµҲ۾һԼȴ˵һԡ
ĺãȻǵСַҲִɣƣٿ֣˫ӣһڻǿ߽ڴ½ǿȸֲ⣬Ӧ٣ЩΧ۵ľʿֻԼǰӰһʱҲ֪˭Ϸ硣
վԱߵĺǸʹ˸ɫʱվһЩʿһӿȻ׷Ŵȥһᣬǽ¾Ͱ׹һݣγɡ
쵰ǣʲô֮ĳŵôַڿս䣬ͼݣ䲻⣬ȻʼˣһһƾʧʱѵЩ֮£ʱӳʮ
¡䣬ոɵıݣ׷ϣʵϱݵһʿȫ˱֮¡
Ȼͷŭźǵ㻹ǸСˣȻʱǡ
ٺ٣ֻбթûС֮˵һ߽ܣһ³ǳأ˼Ʋߣ˫رգҿܲôһ뵽սپʤ죬о˷ܲѡ
𣿡ֵַֻЦ𻰡
ǼԹѵڣȻˣϴһٻǿ˲ԳȣѵʲôʤУҹζ࣬˽µĺá
λȫɣΧַԱߵЩǿ߷ԸһһԹ
ȻˣСүҲ㣡Χ˹ַһЦ콣˳ĳǽʵȥ
ʱХַӦԶԶȥǽһֻֻģĴ񣬷׷ڷɶ
ʲôͷ죬Ŀȥͷ󾪣ʼգַûбֳӳ飬ѵЩ֮
죬ַһһݣһƲЩǿߣֱֱǽʵȥļ֦ȻҲÿ֦һ׹ǿ÷۾һʧе
ۼַһ̴ϳǶȴǲ׷ϣϾļ֦ɲǻֵңƵġ
ںݶһվھӵǰַʧڳǽӰһƣû뵽Ȼˡ
ףʲôζڿеĺһʪһɬζǱˮѪͻȻ̧ͷգۿ⼫֮أôˣ


155 ͻ¶
²ˣںƼ䣬һ
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һæ˫ּʱǽڵĺ׷˳ʱͷһ壬ָ˹̧ͷų¥ϵַŭŪģ
˵仰ȼŭ𣡣
ٺ٣սҲӦýˣַվ³¥ϣЦЦ˿ûҪ
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ҪľǾдңַǺһЦ
Сӣǰˣұһǰõһǹ⣬Ž͵޽ң޽ܸ֮õձ뽵
ʱ飬Ҳ̸ֻֽûʵ쾹ȻܣٸޱȣͬʱݵԸʸǣձཱུ
ַҲش𣬻عͷлŻǧûжлʮ֮ͳͳΧסҪһ
л˫һ뺫ұһͬ˳ǡ
˶ߣǰһϴˣ
ַһЦѩս׽˵˶٣ַͻȻ̧ͷһȣ𡢺ף׷̧ͷַ˫Ŀ磬һһϡ
˲ɫȻԣãַ¶һ˿Ц⣺֪ҽҪ˵ʲô𣿡
֪ϴ¾˵ܾƴҲɣͷ
ôȥˣǺǣҪ˵ĿǺ¡ֵַ̧ɣλ󹫣Ժǿܾƽƽˡ
󹫣ͬʱһ㶣ʱվַһĳ׷׺ϲ󹫣ҪѩĹеʹ͸ֵأ
ʲôʱףٶʱĿɿڴһ֮ɫһ˵͵ءͳǵĲ٣⽫һҴ͸˵£ֵܻû˵ǲе̫Ϸˡ
ʱȻѶֻҪɹձѩĹʱֱ£Ĺֿɵãʶġϴ󡯾ȻֱӾˡ
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ŵôԣĳѪڣݷڵأһʱ֮䣬Ψ
Сӣôֹˣɣ
ϴԶϴ󡣡ȻվʱĿоⱩǣԺݺα䶯Ȼ𾴡
ˣַЦһ£ͷų²ҵɱĬȻβŰԵһսһƬ׹ǣԼսй£ԼĹ£Ǵĺ
쵰ҪΪҺˣʱ֪ȥĺһͻȻйìָͳǧɫڽ٣Һ󣡡
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ǧˣǷЦһᣬ䳰ȷҵ֪ܸǰʲôǧ
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һƬǵзЩ죬ַⷽˣҲû뵽ַȻôĺϸһ룬ҲֻвסЩѾ˵ߡ
ȻԼսϺ޹˼ɵսǡǵĿУǵһλģΪ˱壬üõõķչֺαս֮Ѫɱ
ַͻȻĻ͵סˣĵĳ࿴˿һ̡͵һŵķ֣ǧ죬һɫɷףһ겻ӣǳ֣򲻿ܵˣ
ߣŭһǶڵʲôѩĴûʲôµģֻҪ׽ǰˣʽͽ䣬ʱⳡսʤ߾ǣ


158 Ǻ
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ץһʱ䣬ַⷽ˸Իӣû⣬ַԼҲţĹǣܱ¶ʲô
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159 ʶԻ
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ַӵһǺӽַ棬ַֻһЮ壬Ǻ㶯ãڱڶҪ˵ĸȵǾȥ򵱳ûͷ
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á顯һ죬֮ΧЩԱߵľʿΪ׷ֱ˳ȥˤ֮⣬пѪۼһء


163 ѪڤɱҶ
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Ŀȥǰһ֮⣬һһϮһ׵꣬һ˫ӱ貵ǳԼϡ
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ģû£˰Σַ˿ΡΡֻ߹ǾʹһͶһ
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ַһֿȳһ̲ѪʵǰΪȡźǣûӪ֮У̸֮ҲڷʱǿлԼһƣˣһҪ˵û£ҲֻƭƭСˡ
ʱ꣬һĳַⷽһͻȻڵ߿ҵĺ»ɡ
Żˣ쵰ΪʲôҪҸ磬˭ַˣ޲ҧһ
òŮӣΪʲô˵໰üҹ㣬Ӧ廨ŪЩĵŶԣвգѪڤɱֻϵĴºţҶƣԺ籨𣬾ҡ
ҵų廨룬֮ɱ˸磬ԼӦôźã˵໰£Ҳһ졣
ʵҲӦùڻѩĹ;Уַһ·ĿȾ֮£ȻҲѧַʱ˵һЩо֮
ַÿζԵУＤŭԷҪŭˣǵȻҪˣΪֻҪŭַ꣬лȡʤ
ȴǲ֪ʵ̫󣬾ǽ꼤ͷַҲ򲻿ȡʤġ
ĬΣ꿴ͻȻòã


164 ˶
ƲƲ죬
£ַüˣǾһȥɣһǰ̤һ콣ӰѾ¡
Ƹ磬飡ͻȻһ峺쳹еĳͻȻͣתŷ˴ȥֻһһ
һڰ֮С
һַֻˣһɷġ֡
л˵һ䣬ͻȻѩһֱڶ״̬Ȼ˵Ƿ˼ڷȴûǵӻѩѵҪѩʽ˼壿
ɫһ˴֮жʱһεδЩꤵ˶ַ̧ͷһһޱȵ㳵Ӵ֮лʻԱΧڶĻ
ֻ֨ż죬ͣӳ洫һеƤǺǣƸ磬˭ŭˣǲҪɱˣ
ãҪ˵ִһŮ
Ҳû˵ˣƸųѪڤɱѪʽһǲѪ;ʣϲɱôһ֮ǷҲ˿
ݺݵַһۣתݣһҵĺ»ұúóͷһ
ŮӳĬβŵҷ˼£Ƹ绹ǽ̸Ҵɡ
ǳŮ˼֣ϸֳһ˿εЦݵСݣˣȻ˵ˣǾС㴦ɡ
ģԭ겻Ƿ˼ˣһǹúӣһַѾˣߡ
ռ䣬ȴƿһŮ˳
Ů˫껪üԶɽĿˮǣò´һֿĶζ߹ȥŮվһʱ
ʱϾȻƾմһصʣǾǧվһȻǹ°ģȻΨһĿ
ַȻҲòףҲòޱȣʱվһȴеȻʧɫ֮УһƺһԼԼ֮顣
һᣬַ˹ƨ룬Ҳ֪ǰŮȻҲΪǳվһͬʱѹסˣŸָо
ַ̾Ϊ˥ˡ
ջһϸλ˼ĴСǾ˳;棬糾֮ɫɫǸ㣬üмġ
һСѾ߱³ס˼С֣ӭ꼱æǰһסһַֻŷ˼С˳
˼СмһЦлƸ磡ûСѾ߷ֱ֣ǰ˹
㣬Ƹ磬ôˣһе㱨ԹĽӱһһ޵ŮӳԾ˵ء
ŮݴС㣬ֻͣסŲʲôڳвͦõôô䣡
һ龰ַһɣã˼ĴС㲻Ҫɱ˵ӣʲôųѪڤɱҪ˵


165 ɱ
Ƿ˼ĴС㻹ûŮȴǾֱַǰһַ˵һսľĻūţȻҴ˷Ƹĺ»ԡʲôԣַĿɿڴ˼ĶС㣬С̫ݡ̫˰ɣõȴɱ֣Ҳ̫˿ֲˡ
ַĶסԼλСŭɫʲô֣ߣǸЦҿɲҪȥˣַ˷ۣһƲ
㣿ߣ⻰˼ĶСһʱ֪˵Щʲôƽʱڷ˼У߸ϣʩˣûΥ⣬ȴַһ
ʱ߹ѵˡҿ˵ѵܽѵôŮӣ˵仰ݻַܣʲôʱֵСҲԼˣ˵զզСүɸ費ɣΪﵽ˻ƾ磬Сү㡭ȻʵʵǴ򲻹Сүǲ¡
ͷƸ˵ŭַһĻһɵӻб£ǰˣķƸʱǵͷҲҴȻһôˣ⻹ʣһʱַǰ׵ԺȤĴַ
վԱߵĺǸ֣ƫƫûзҲֻ֣Цţжѿ϶ַúܲҡ
ʱַа˼гǸѰ£¹ˣȴУ˵£գܾ֮Ժ󶨲СǷҪûȴַ֪ʵû뵽һ㣬˵ַʱСʱȴ԰죬ȫԶģ˿˼ʲô
һ㣬ַԼҲŪôһ£۵ҲҪʲô°ɣ
£ַü˲ԺһǿĶ֣Ǿ͹ֲԼˣһַ̤һ
ҪɱҸôͻȻعͷ
Ȼ˴ҵ£ɱɡɱʤ֮䣿е㼱
㲻ˣҵĶ֣ǺǣƸ磬ǵδءʱķ˼СǻѪַƸ磬⼸ȡһԡ꺮
˼ĶСһЦãġôķ˫ü
ҶûˣѪʽСС͸˵ĹâСѾͷСôϻ˵Ƹ磬ҲҶģôң걻ԸԼİǰʧӡ
أõΣô䣿ˣȻһҴӽԺ󣬲鷳˵ַüˡؿһ˭ġ˭ģòͳô˼С㲻ں˵һĿעŲҿɲܣֻҪˣҪӥ͸ң
дŭСѾͷȻһ޵⣬ˣһɱʡ¡


166 ǿշ
ͷֻǰɱڣԽַһ
˺ˣô˼ĶСЦЦ
걻סİ֮ûڳҲ򲻻ʾĬƬ̣ҲգҾʹȬȡ١
Ա߿˿Ŷһ㶣û뵽ǾַַŭֱðʱƴʽҲûһʤ㣬Ҳòǿѹеŭ
ãǾ˵ˣƸ磬ǴӺ˵ĻǧҪڡ˼ĶС˵ЦЦͷַɫǸԸһҪȡʤźá
ַһ࣬û˵Լһ˻ɲݰ
СɫΪܰȡ÷ƸġӥԺƴӣ֪ô˼ĶСȡһ֧ƿַſ
ַһɣвסԷƣſ죬һһУַֻڼ븹Уһʱڷҷȫ̩ؿڵʹǽҲࡣ
ǡѪ굤˵ʥҩǧСôʱҪǲȡʤҾͰˣȥιСĳַ׽
ַɫ࣬һŵͷߡ
׷ͻȻȻʤˣСҲôģҪͰȻȵʱͳˣ
ˣ㲻Ҫˣһֱһû˵ķ˼С㣬ͻȻǰһ˻ȥͷʹ˼ѩɣ
ڴʱ˼
ַͣ½ŲͷһƳ֮£ֻ˶ۣߣһǸŮӣ˶׽ԼԼòÿ˵İ۽ϺȻһ֮
һ˫ָ߸߾ÿֻиһĺƣŮȴǽһֱƯڿеöƻУ˵ʥѩĹ¹ӭӣȻԵüΪǿơ
ҾѩĹ󹫣ʲô¾˵ɣַ֣ʽûǿֻôͷɥȥǺڣ֪ˣͲӦߴ󼪡
ѩĹ˼ĴСǰӼ󣬶ǣҲ¶͸ЩǿᣬҲһôҲû뵽һ֮Ȼðղսĵ˻еǳ֮
ַԷ˼ĴСЦûҾѩĹ½ĹãѩսңЩǳģҪͷǳŷƵŮ˵
ǳģλСγԺ⣿ַŵ飬ֻǻûŪɣѩĹܺߡַڼڷŮӺᣬҲѰŮӣЦͽѿ֮кã˼ӻѶϢ֪ѩսңɱʹʽ΢ƻ𡢷»ʹǰһͳѩӴսңȫ£󣡡


167 ֡Χ
ֻл뺫ұ˵ѩȻ˼壬ȴûܵ˼ıӻҲǶܷ˼ϽһҪշѩôҲе˵ȥɣ
ַлж²ͬѰ˼˿ܾǺѩĹԨԴĹϵȴѩĹûʲôϵĵײͽ
˼ҪЩ£Щ⣬뵽ҪڣȻͻһ֮ܲȫ
оϤѼַȻ̧ͷһ𣬡һԷ׷׾ͷȥңǰһӰϢ˹
ַղ꽻֣ٶϤ΢ʶͻȻһڳУΨܹ֪
ЦƮȻһݣ԰зк£֮л뺫Χʿ׷ױߣ絹һ㣬֮ʣʬ塣
л뺫Ҳڲҽһ׷ɳȥ
ѪʽˣЦصвгͻ֮
ˣͷ󣬾𾪣żдַǾĿɿڴٳֻл뺫ȴҲ˵
ַȴüͷһ壬ֻҵĳ£ѩĹ鲻ȫңαǳ֣
һЦַʵѩĹһЩ°
ַ¶ãȻ֮ɫߵ磬쿴ס
ַ΢΢һͷȥͻȻȵףҪ֡
ѭȥֻѪĿͨ죬һȻͦվꡣ
СС㾳磬ȻҶҳ֣국һЦݵҶĳ
Ӱ䣬׷һƺߣټɽȥײһʯ棬ʯŽѩҧƣڽѪ˿
ˮһֵ̫Ҳмɱ㣬ѾˣҪٳ֣ĵĺá
ٴһֻ磬Сʲô׹̫Цһͦšתסʯ񡢸ߴɵһʯ
ȣպը˸ףһʯϡ
𡣡ֳһǧʯͷ
ݽ䣬Ŀѩü֮ɫ
ʯȻһڿն
ȥ˫׵磬лʯһʯѣɢʯХȥ
һɢ˺еһʹѻ˫ϥһȻ򵹡
ͬʱȺӰӶռСˮһʱ享뺫ȫԪعκ˰ӿ


168 
΢΢һЦһĨЦ⻹УȴͻȻʧڿ
һ죬Ѫţΰ쵹¡
Ϊ촷ۣһѪǱȾ죬Ʈ㣬ĿģڽǵѪ㣬ʱ˫׶ߣһ죬ϥʹȻѾʡ
ֽƮɣպ˵֮ǰл׷ɵĵطתһƣʧͷӣôû
쵰ôô
ûȴǺˣᶼƴΪ㱨ˣǰ𺫱ᣬ뵽λֵֻûʹѡ
бʹһЦͷ˵ģҲӦûȻֺȴû
ôλֵأۼֵѣ絶Ҳû£ӯ
ôģȻΪȫ֣һлôĿ⾼עӳַҲЩɻ󣬡û뵽ЩѩСӣȻѽˣڵľֶԿˡ
ʱ֮ˣ˵ϣΨַڳϣʩֶͨ
ӰƮ֮죬Ŀά身Ƶľû뵽ղ׽ߣַȻûþȫʱ꽻֣ͨʤʱ̫ˡ
Ǹ꽻֣˲Ͱܣַס꣬ʱ˿̣治ұ֤᲻ˡ
϶ԽԽ죬Ӱ°˷ڣַӰѹԽԽСеһֻɶ꣬¶࣬н㣬δԡ
Ƹס֣ǰٻӰһǷ˼Сһˣȥ
СѾͷҪʲôۼС޷һֲƣȴǰռˡѾͷͿôôҶˡϸ룬¿аӰһ˫
ַһĻҲͷ綷֪ѾͷЩʲôҲǺ˿Ʒ˳ս죬ѡ
ҺԼʵ⼸죬ﵽ˻λҪǰĻǳλ꣬¸ûл֮
ʱȴͷŭŭ߳㵽ǰ˭ţҪˣ
֣һߣЦס֣Ҿ˭ˣ֮㻹ɱСɫΪ֮ĶĶȫϵˡ
⻰ֺֺЦ⻰˵øû˵һѾͷҲ̫ϷˡҲƫƫм䣬Ȳֻٶַˣһȶٳɽ֡
˰ΣͻȻ̾˿̧սȻ˲໰ֻ˵һ䣬ڳ֮ˣڷ˼塣Ϳ
ƻʹʹ໥һһ죬ǽʮֹŹ֣ǣһ˵Ƿ˼巢ľʥѩһͳʽ˼壬ѩĹҲ˼ϵӵܵݣӴ˽ʽΪ˼ӵܣӵ˼ϵȨ


169 Ժ
Щ䣬ַʽĲԣҲΪʲôѩΪ˼ҵĸշʱҪ˶ľӡ
ĲԺܼ򵥣ʲôǰҪ˷㣬͵ȳһɱ٣ԾԵʵѹˣ˺¡־̸֮¡
Ҳǣʵ˺£ǿֲΪʲôҪ㣬ѩѶ̫ˣ˼ҪշͱԺֶΣѩԺźð¡
ʹЩֶεĹУһЩ谭֮ˣٺ١ǾͲ˼ˣ϶Ǿɱ
ַҲףΪʲôһ־ɱУҪǻ£ЩͷҲҪڷģҲһҪɱ
ʵֻѩĹǰѩĹΧССʮͻȻӵ˷˼һǿӲͨ뺣ҪҶʽ˼塣
һ֮󣬲˼ͶݽߵĹңҾͽ⵽Ѫϴ
һЩѾùҼķŭͿֻţҹۼֶԲߣЩҪͷ˼˿սЩҪˮϹȥһ⣬뷨ˣڶͷ𴲣ûͷ­
һЩƵĹҵزԷ˼ֶмɵﻹԥæͷһЩҵĴǣڵͷҲΨֵˣģҹ֮ʱ䵭ĺڰҪ˾
󹫣ǲǸʱˣֻ¡վַһƽ״󽫣ַԷ˼ʹߵʻٳûκαʾ̲סǰһѡ
λ󽫣ַȻʶ뵽ѩĹҲǲͣȻһ˵ݣûӵķԸڡ
˵һ仰ƺַӳ˼о˹Ȼ̧ͷʵҪ˼ô
Ĭһᡣ
ֱַӵǾͲɣţ˼徹Ȼ뽫ѩöȥٺҲûˣԼҲ뵱ʲô󹫣õΣԼºұæ󹫣ǲǻڿЭһ£
ˣ±ûЭأܶ˼壬ôЭҲ޲ˬ㣬ԺҲó
ãȻѩĹѵͷ֮ǰ¶Ҳˣ֮󣬱̣ѩĹһ˼ϵʽ˼ĴС΢Цĵ˵ͷꡢ˼ĶСһͬ˷֮С
ϵⶼЩʲô°ԼϼҲռҵֱϵүȴҪһ˼ϵΪ٣ⶼǸĻ쵰ϺģԺһҪú֮һˣַѩпվ죬ŷ˼дߺЩƣ룬˻֣Ҳڷʿֱ˹
лʱӵ뺫һڹԱôҲ벻ѩսҾȻˣЩεĴ໥һۣҲǽ˳С
빬ַദ˶ٷ֮һʮ˾ĻӣǺһֻӥ⣬ѩ£Ҵۡ鷿
̸Цַ˹ֵϴǻ쵰ͷӲĺܣȻѣϴԼȥĥĥУ
Ŷ˵ôӲͷַ°ͣȴǺһЦҿҪȥˣߣǰ·
磬˵Щʲô£ôһҲüɻ
ٺ٣֮£㻹ǲҪ֪ĺãᣬȥȥͻءַ˸ʵ˵仰źͱ˳ȥ
ͬӥշ˰Σһѩéǰǰ洫һҽǺǣ˼ѩ֮£ҪǽѩĹбĽ죬ǲòһתƵ
ĺãַļ˽ȥƹǰݣ洫Ǽ񶾵


170 ǧ
ַһţǹĴЦ쵰˵ˣ˵мǧֶҪôôֻƤޡľЩС⣬Ǹ˴
гųޣȥġһ꣬žž޾ͳȥⳤѾһǧˣÿζҪǻӵȴǲȻǿ֮ﲻϡ
źԹ񶾵ַЦֻֻܵɣСүͷӡ
⹷ģΪ˾Һô࣬۵£˸ɶˣʲôоһʹɣ˵ЦһԷŭԸӡ
ǵĻַɫһǰһĸ˺ܶ£
ֻǹЦΪСûӣȥӣʾûͷоûûţ٣С֣˵Ķ಻࣬˵ķӣµһЩС֣ȣ
˵ô࣬ѵͲǽЩͳͳõϣȴǺͻȻԱЦ
ʰӵۣ;ܽЩʹԼϣҲһܣ˵֮ʱ΢ڿʲô
ַУͻȻЦ˵ô˵ʽɱõ԰ݳƣȺǰ븹
Ǵʱ˵ʹ죬ȫȻû뵽ַͻȻϮ֣⧲ǰƣǻһӿʱ໴𣬿Ѫͬʱһ׹Ҳ˳
ַվԱߣǵ׹⣬һϮϣǵ׹Уϴһֱַ֣۶ȣһֱθ
ÿֲĶҩַ˫һǽĶƳͬʱеǵ׹æ£ʱðˡꡯ̣Ҳýһ
ۿʲôҩһԿ亹ֱ
ǼԼɱĶҩַ˳ȥɫȻһ䣬ҲǰĿͷһĸ޸֮ͣ˵Щ˵ķԼֿ԰Ķҩ뽫Щ˵󣬾ҩԾǾ˵ķҲ޷ԼʹʱһףԼƣǰһҩȥǺá
ҪǽЩõϣʱһ˼ԲߣһᣬĿһعЦôţȥӿеĶҩǷҪǡСдӣǿӷĲп̣֮ЩСҪãͽʦΣ
ЩļƾͲҪʹˣһ⻰ɫʱһ䣬ַЦĿһֽۣŵģǹӵġСǲʹģ
΢΢µĺǣַȴЦѣⲻ֪Լ˵ķȴǱ֮й֮޲Ŀ΢б򺫼٣⣬һһУ˫һ㽫
С쵰ʲôƣǼ黫࣬ۼԣȴвǰ֮ԸҸɿȫƾжҩҲʱҩһȥǴš
ߣʱ֪ˣַӸ콣۽⵽ѵĲ𣬺ܿЩ֮о¶һ⡣
ǳԼΣɫַ̣ʲô㡭𡭡״Σ΢΢
ַЦ㵱ҼС֮ʱӦ뵽ĺٺ٣˵ȫѪֿ⣬ǸϼǧҲǲǰţҪԣַĿ磬úëȻ


171 ֮
Ȼ֪ĥ˵̷Ѫ֮ʹ¾ͱԼġСҪ̬Ķ࣬о֮£Сӡʥԣʮ޵ͬɣ޵ĹʶȻô˵ҲһԵݣҪɱ͸ʹ죬ҡ
⻰ÿɫ䣬һҧЦǰԵҲԵͻͲҪĻˣ
ǵַеСӣսԹŽ˧裬ˣ͸˧һʹ졭
ģʲôÿ˶Ժʹ֮ǣַֻ˵׻һ޴ȥǼסӣƲȥܳ졣
ַÿ˺һۣ죬ôҲûһﾹȻ˵һĬƬ̣ǧ񣬾͸һٵɣģ˭ҪǸػ֣һ֮úտ˵ôҼһ㣬ߣһٵ֮ûͻʹ죡
⻰һ˵꣬Ҳ˺ǵĽкת߳⣬ϸһ빬֮УĴĿԡ
ɾʱַͻȻɫһ䣬æ֧³Ѫ
ڱ󿴵æ磬ôδ˵꣬ȹ˳
ַȥǵѪЦ£һѪ³޺һ꣬϶ʱ棬һʱ־ϲ
ŵϵǼѪַа̾ϧΪȡǻ쵰߯ЩԭѪʲôѪھѪַԲУⱻס֮ͬУŻȳ
ϳɾҪƭ̸ףַһüأһ֮£Ӳ˼ڸƳھѪȻڷ˶СǿŵҩȫˣھѪȴ̺ޱȵľ
³Ҫ֮ΪãѪһҪɻأ̸ףοôã飬ʱ΢΢㾡˳ַͽκΡ
磬ȥ˷˼󣬻ôĲʧȥһˣַռ䣬һƵĻƮĶС
ʧȥһ磿ַ̧ͷ㵵ĿҪϣһĿ⣬ַȻ򣬰֮󣬲Žŵ㶼֪ˣ
ţ˵һ֣ȴҲҪٿڣȴһָͷҲ̧ο̧ͷˡ
ַһۣЦʲôʱ֪ģ
ǰĸΪ㣬Ҳľ񣬶ҸҪæڹһҲѵú˵һ仰ڸô۰˵ˮݺỬ䣬ַҲۿȣǿЦɵѾͷʲôԶˣ
Ȼ˽ĻҲҪ뿪磡ҲҪ뿪磡
ַ磬οޣвɢϯʱķ룬ͻܿټģ
ĨȥᣬȻ֪һȥͺпܻˣʱˣ˵ʲôɵأַɫӦһģǸܴӦһ£ͻȻʲôҪ£̧ͷֱַ
ַȻ֪˵ʲô£ҪھܾȴһۣЦãʲô飬ҶӦ
һֱ׸ȥԵθʼҪȥᣬʱڣһַʱʲôҲܹӦԼʲô춼׵ȥˣֻлϲסնЦЦݼ¶˵Ķˡ
ַƵһ̶ʹԼŷ˼ԵʣӴԶѩĹǷǷǣңڵԼ·ֶȥֻ´ӽҲЦˣ
뵽˴ĳӿߵΣ㶼Ҫúðϧӣ˴η˼岻òȥһпУһѩĹ㡣
磬㻹Ҫôÿһ֣Ķ˺һ֣һ뵽ַȥ˼壬ѩĹҪܵǣʹƽδС


172 
ֳַֻԳЦô˵СָСָǼϰף˹˭˵С˴ֻеģ˵һ𣬻꣬԰תǧأȴ²һ
ʱ䣬Զϸ΢ַĿȥֻ価繳ٿѹƻ裬һǰź𡢺ϦųӰ˹
ϴҪȥ˼ˣЩڲḴ˺ܣֵһȥɣٶ¶˵֮ɫ˵
ˣֻһ˼һϵֻҪԼ̫¶âӦû鷳ģַҡҡͷ
ϴ󣿡ַһ˵̾˿鲻ַһܸı⡣
磬һͬȥͬȥɣҲиӦĬһᣬ˵
ȥ˼壬·ңԶ½ޱȣŰСѹѻ˼Ȼǿ󣬵һ·֮Уⲻ֮ǿʱоףǿʱûַü
ַ˻ٻһۺ󣬶ĬĬĵͷ
ַ߽ڹ׼ȥʰЩ粽ĽΪææ¡
ˣʰЩƷˣַϵ׹һǰһѵڱսС
ϴĲٺú룬ĺһȥǰһǲĵ
ɲʲô£Ҿڷ˼ʲô£ǸҲ岻֣˽ԼȥֻǰѣҺúôѩĹɣУмαһ׹ȥɣϴ͵ٱ֮񡣡ַҡҡͷ΢΢һЦ˵
˵ַ꣬һͶľαһ׻켶Ķ
ЩҲõģҲóֵĶˣżеõġ
α켶Ĺ½ЩҲǱȽѵõĺöˣҲӦǲˡ
ȻټЩϲɫĿо̾ѡ
ǺǣˣֵܣлĻͲҪ˵ˣַȻһЦſڵȥֵܻһЩ齻ǣ
ַ˴ҳֵܣ붯ϲѩĹտѩĹҪ˵İȫ˴η˼ðȻѩĹ
ҪԼڣָŪʲôӣҲҪһȽǿƵΪһڵĸ֣Ƿ˼ҲӦҪ񼸷ְɡ
ѽֵܻ
ַͷĶԹ֮Уգɫ粻תͷȻֵϳϼѩĹϼһʱ޶࣬ٻû˵Ҿٸʮ
ʲôϼɽֵէŴԣһ䣬ŻȻϼֶΣǲ
ַɫһЦȥɣ˵ûʲôҪ죬ȨѩĹˣ
ʮһ͵û˵֮󣬵õǰöٵҪߣҲһίʵֵܵϣɺΣҲ벻ַôģֻõӣͶȥϼ
ųֵܵıӰַĵ϶Ȼթ˵ǶүҲδ϶ȻԼǣվţסһ㣬ͲԹ԰£
뵽˴һʱͷַĿߺöٵøպˣҪʲôΣͳȥϲģΪеٵȻỤסġ
شסͷж³ţֻ˼ѵ⣬ǵ׼ˡ


173 
ӣ˾׼һ˼ֵַ
õģԺ͵Ӧһַٴγڹȥ
ʲô£㣬ʱҼСû˵𣡡һΪ׵ķͻȻȻ
СȵȲͳôͬʱںص
дŭҼСǺݣйˣ
ˣ߰ɣַҪҲˣ˴νȥ뻹һЩ飬ϸһ룬ֺûʲô˵ˡ
˵嶼ǿƣԼڽ֮ǰŭ˼С㣬Ժ¾ûӹˣоǷš
ͬһӷʿ˹⣬һȥããѩУɼԴ죬ӭչ𡰷ˡҫŴ۵Ĺâ
޳˻һӶӷʿȻͭ׽أ裬Ϣɨ
ɣŷʿһķԱߣΪ׵һͻȻ
ַ΢΢һ㶣űõģ뷿֮С
ǲһ룬һЦ֣ǸʲôɿˣҪһ׸;ͽ֮·ɣ
ַ̧䳯ɨһۣǼϵķΣȻԭѩĹλֲûô󣬶һᣬͻȻһүүЩϹˣԹԻһ꣬
쵰ͬʱɫһ䣬ַȵôĵɣ
үү󣬵øոܻס⼸ӣҪе͹ɱүүǶķϣүүַ֤֣⣬˸һʱȫ̩ò⡣
СӣԺòϣȻһѣɫ࣬ҲҶ֣һܵ˼Ĵʵûգסַһͷ
ٺ٣ôˣַ֧°ͣ۾΢Ц
ߣ֮еһ׳һվվڳĳĳӶˣ㻹ʲôѵҪȵڲϲſô
ǣǣС⳵λߣֻôͷɥ˳̵ģԲסλȻһ˳Ǽ벻ͨôܵһ֮ģ
ڳͬʱҲӶ˸ϳıӣƺƳһ·ɽԽ룬ÿһ̣һЩӶ뿪ӣַôһ£һ֪Щѹʵĳӡ
˼Ҵҵ󣬴½žݵ㣬ЩݵÿÿµĿʮӴ󣬶һһЩƷҪ˼ѹ͡
϶յг뿪ǰӴ󳵶ӣѲʮҶߵļ˳ȥ


174 
һգӵִһѹѹַֻ֣ǰ룬һʯѺõƺӣ˶æµš
ַһᣬ˳·ȴһ·խֶӡ㼣
ʱҰҲǵò͵ʱͨŰգȺʯƺĵʯ̨˹ȥȴЪҲƮ
ַͷ⼸ԼݱƵĶңһɣһڵĻţ˿ûжȥԷ˼
Ͼô˵ҲǷ˼һϵӵˣԸӦû̺ġ
Ȼ˲ã̧һʯ˹ʯǰ
ӣҪЩʲôһλ໹ŮߵַòʵûΪַһϵӵܵݶʧȥò
Իûʲôһ·ʵĵĺܣԺܲŪŮ죿ַתͷŶԷ˵
Ůû̺ĹүַĻɫˣһ±ͨ졣
ʵַҲʵĲдһ˵ϾŮе٩ǰɲ˵ԭ
Цٺ٣ΧѩĹļɵñԼĻӶԼָָ㣬ַݺݵĵһۣҲһ·ʼǿޱȣǰ⼸˸סˣһͷԼķ
һԼ취ʧźãԹ̫ܻ⣬ֻһˣַ⿴һۣа
⣬һݿ㣬߼һƿַĵĲ˵ȻѲ׵ݸԱſл૵ӵܣǺðҰ棬ܵ͡
õġȣŮ˵꣬ת뿪ˡ
ַ΢ЦſŮоŮӻ죬Լ˵˶仰ȻΣԼ˵ĻѵôЦ
ӣã˰ΣŮٴεַʳʯϡ
ιôµġСӵĶôǵĺáʱѩĹеһվձ죬ŨںڣһϮۣ󴦹˽ߣǰ嵭īɽˮһ̽צ֡
⡭Ůȡ֣ٴα죬һʱ֪룬ںǰվҲǣҲǣ֮
ַһϹʲôһ仰䰰˵ľʲôʲô·ֻǻ˷˶ѣܱˣȻܸо˻һˡ
ʵ߲ɫǲֻ࣬ѩĹĹһ·϶ַѹƣƽ⣬ȻʲôҲƽַ⻰˵ǵ
Ľ⻰˵꣬Ůֻü䣬ǳǳЦӦڸлԼΪΧůЦûˣȥæɣ


175 Ŀ
ллӣַĻǱһ߿ˡ
ʳΪʳַ֮һݺݵҧһڣʱ֭ڡ
ʱǷ˼ĶСͷɴƲֵбһʯ֮ϣŶƸܵӣ֣ԴƸʶ֪󣬾ͺٺˡ
һ·Ҳͬһ޼䣬һԣǧٹĴСܵգ¾ͻȤ
ʱͻȻһͷַڵĳŶԱ߻м˶ŭĿӣټַԶʱһɵӣͻȻ۾һǷʲôĶæ˹
ڳԶַͻȻоһӰ˹̧ͷ΢΢һɨǷ˼ĶС㣬̲סܵʲô
˼ĶСһۣСںܲģ˵ЩҸ˵£ȻߣֶҲűСһģ
Ҫ㿪ģַЦõķеľƱ´λĪĶС㣬ӦôźãλСĵһ·׹ԼҪϲźá
㣬㻹ûôСüͷ΢΢չһ֫ʱһװ͹͸˿öһȻҲַڡ
ţС㣬Һû㿪ĵı°ַеĲ;ߣ˹Ĳ˲죬ȻǷϵ
ߣǾͽ㲻ĵ˵ñС㿪һ£Ŀһɣ
⣿ַĿɿڴĿλС㣬пƣôҲû뵽Ȼ˵ĻźĥƤӣⷦڿҪˡ
˵ַ䰵üӣ
Ҫ˵
ϻ
Ǻðɣַĺһ˶ľƵģǽͻȻ̧ͷʵСͨ˻Ů˱˴̸ĿģĿĻһҪҪ
ƨͷţ˷ۣ
ٺ٣ҾͷˣַҲû̫ƽС椵һ˿ƻȻŮ̸֮Էϴ˺ŮϴŮ˺ϴնСң֪Ŀģ
ʵŮ̸֮ˣַֻСϣòŪƫаơ


176 
㣿Сݺݵҧ֨֨ǳĶŽһɫһӣһâžһʯϵľƿӦ飬ˮĽ
С椻ֲҺûǽŪˣֵַȴǽԼϵļ飬ͷߵľơ
ͻȻһ飡ŵƿӣģС˵Լ׻ʲôĺ
ܿӦַ֤е뷨䣬ַĻͻһȻ䲻ʹҴַд󺧣æ˼ѹơ
ɾȫ£ͷɫƷ٣ȴҲǲѹȥ̧ȥֻͷЦ¶ַһеڵڶʲôֽţ
ЦЦһ˿⣬ַڻƽɫףѣǿЦС㣬⣬ʲôԵʣǺʱ˽Ƶġ
ЦǵҸԵöѪ굤ôѪ굤Ϊڵı裬ԲܳΪʥҩȫר֮Ҷʤ٣ǿ໥Ӧֻӵһɵķ裬ȴоų֮࣬˵Ϊ㣬ҵĹϼ磬Ҳڵķ裬ڹң֮ء
ַӾ磬Ȼ֮ǰµ֣Ҳ벻ͨȻôһ̲סСѾͷ㲻ڲҰɣר˾Ĺ
㲻ţȻڵ˿ȫĻͬƽʱѭͬ˹ҲᷢϱС㣬ȴֻ΢΢Լеķ裬ңţھΡ
Ծԣһַ꣬˶澭֮Уӿһص壬ڵĻ䶯ӣ޳ײʹȡ
ȥֻСƮȻָŷ˿ЦЦĿ
ַ֪˵£ʮа˾ˣһ뵽ԼӽҪһѾͷٿȫѪɫһĬЦС㣬ڵġ衯нⷨ
ʵֱף⣬һ˿թ׵ȻУһַƽڵķ裬ַһ˵Ҳ˵Ǹвͨİ취
˵סڣü΢ַַСһ
ɨһۣһַķڵķ裬ʱȻͻڵķ衣Ƿ˼ϵڵ֮ʸвͬɶ٣Ƕ٣Բһ˿һҲ˵ڵķҪӣֻԸɸ㣬пܣ룬Сôɵˣô취˵˵ǾʵֵĿܡ
ַüͷ΢壬һᣬŵڶַʲô
עΣΪƾʣô
֪ΪʲôͻȻַһᣬҡͷԴ󣬶ܷ磬ҲǲҶԡ
һЦҿƾ綼⣬磬ΰɣڶַΪﵽ磬ȻƾΪǿлȥ˿ˡ
ַԽԽŭҧۣһԣ˵һѼĻȴַĿ˸ûȤһȥˡ
ѾͷĻַ֪˴󷽸Ļ֮ȫΪֲܵķԣ԰쵽ģʧһ뵽ղѾͷ뿪飬ֲЦԺӣɾѹˡ


177 ļ
ԶǸ·ĻᣬַȴüͷԼֻŲ÷˼ĶСȴûԸ񣬾㲻ˣԼµĽƣӰ죬λù
ȻԺУǰһֲִַָǰϱУ˲ˮѩĹĸЦѡ
ЩַһЦ֮һЩһµ˴Ļȣ֮ʣַһ¸ⷦ
ַⷬģޱȣа⣺һںҵķ裬һˣΪҵ£ô̸˵أһ·أ
һգַЩ˽μǣоžŰʮһѵĵһڲãֱ˵ûɫ컨׹Щýζ
ַѿķ˼СҲ̲ס
ϧ򲻽飬һ˰׹Ǿ˵׹ǾжһΣַͻȻ̾Ϣ
ⶼ˺ӲϧСֻҰӣһҪÿСͻȻŭűô
ַ̧ͷһۣһᣬҡͷǵû꣬žŰʮһѻֻ˵ʮѣĹ»ˡ
ѽֽеЩˣǰڼʱһ˵һ£ʵںͷ˵Щ¶Ǳ߰ģ˵ҲգͷȻĲ˵ñСһŭģ˵ñͷõĶˣŽҾͲҪɿˡ
Ҫҽͽôַ˷۵
һۣ㲻Ҿȥ߷ȥƸ磬˵ᱡңӦ֪ƸǺҵģҪ֪£϶һֳ룡ˣڻҪҷˣ
㣿ַЦãֻȻ֣ҶǰɱԼģСȥһ»Լַ֣һٽѡ
Ȼƽַɷһ£ʮֵĲͬÿڶгЦͣŴһ˫ĿתҲת
ʱַò⣬ᣬַ۸ⲿĴ֮һμӲǻѾͷ޸ĵĿȫǡ
ַд̾ǧˣ棬ںˣҲҺ鼮٣õԲ
ÿÿַкЦѾͷҽֲҵڣСүƭ÷ģԹԸҶɳڵķ裬Сү׻ˡ
𶯣С椾ȻֱַڵĳӲǱ£ַȻ΢΢е㲻⣬ȴЦ죬֪ѾͷԼȦˡ
˰ʱ֮еҶݴڷڳУһȽ
һ֪ѩ˵ķ֮У³ǵ죬ҶݴСֹһ󣬲ź޺˳
ҶƼ³ַ˵ЦַΪһϵӵܣѵⲻɣǲȻҲҪӣװŲмһˡ


178 ʹֲ
һ·ϣȴʱʱַڵĳ滶Ц֮ϣ̸ȥֻѾͷСӵԡ
ҵһԱ߿ݴСҲջ򲻻ַͬһݱ΢ϵӵһۼַһһܡ
ĪַҪ֪СÿںĽҳ֮ʱĸǧҪúù㺣׽
ҶҲǿóʶͷڻԼİ֮ͬʱҲһЩͼҪ׽Сˣ
ַ˵ԽԽˣʱҶݴС㻹ǿţһ뵽ǳϦԣȥ滹벻ַˣ˵޿̣ǿд϶ˣǳַ³
һڳӵ棬¾ȥ졣
ʱַȴͬ˾֮ЩʱѾͷ񫣬ַѾĴ˵˱飬ʵ޹¿˵
Ѿͷɲô࣬ҪҵƵֶԽԽݣԽԽ֤ɫˣͿеַ·ֳɵ֤ܲá
ֻҪַ˵Ҫѣڱ˿Уַ޸ǳеȴֻԼףòʾ֭ģЩСĹ¡
һգͻȻҶݴָַǴϲ⣬˳ԹܵӺȥˣҪ
һᣬȵҶȥҲܵ󣬸ַߣѹ˵꣬ʱ˵̫Сһ紵̫ף߶֮ʱȥĦ磬ڶĥСģ
ݴС㿴üѪʾҶƵѪʽ˺üΣδζһַ
֪ӵӣ濴ȥȻԣʵ壬һɱСˣֻѾͷһӶǡ
˶ǧ۰Ҳ̿¶ģҶȥǴ½ϵĲţʹƾ磬һÿνսѹȺۣķ
²֪˶ɫʱһַҪɱ֮Сӣȴ޲ߣΪѣܾˣͷַ鷳Ҫ֪Ѷˣ֧ʹǡ
Ǹַ棬ԽǷģԽԵܡ
һգҶȥַȥֻҰζַҲ֪ڹΪԼʲôʳûУҪȥʲôҰζȴܿȴǽС椺ݺݵһ
ż뿪֣еһɽȣ·ԽԽǾַ磬ֻǿ˸ǼˣΪߣһ·ĵߴһԨ
ַͷһۣҲ
ţַͣһתͷԶȥֻһӰһš
ǰļд
ȻֻǻڵħޣȴޱȣڹȦ֮УҲмеĺö
ǿ׷ͿԻȥˣַһԾ
ǣӣһַķԸɢſǰӰ׷ȥ


179 ֮
ɽҶ֪ǿģ˶ȿֺΧ˹ȥ
һ·֮ϡݣݣݣ֮ϣ
ڱܵͬʱ˽һʸͶȥֻȴΪ㣬ַӳļâҲ˹ȥۿŰԽԽԶ
ץסַһʱѪӿк
ӣ׷ˡмҲǽǰ̫ˣǰֻ֪ǻڵħޣһ־ζȴû뵽䱼۵
СүͲץסǲһչַһ飬ԾĿǰھԡҲݴԡʯвϴӵİ
һᣬ֮ľԽԽ
ʱ򣡡ַĿһһ˦
ݣһ˲仮ա
֨Ľȫ׹һٶȾȻٶˣһâѴ͸ĺȡ
ӣ̫ˣԶ׷ϵļ˼ػҪַ֪ղŵͬȣǿ־ֲ
ӣѩźȻĵıţһ׳͵һԾ־ץ˹ȥ
ͨDD͵תһſһطм˹׳һ׶һУֱĻڰԴϡ
Ѫ˿¡
ٺ٣λȥСһкͣ׳ץֱֻӣЦ
ǰҲ˹һƤëɢŵεƯİ϶¶˷ܵЦݡ
ݣͻأģһʸԶ׳֡
˭ַʶΧ֪Ϊ΢һǵ漴תͷʸķ
ôĵȻϮǣԱߵļҲǴŭ׳ȵͷˣҰˣ
˶ҼүƨһŭȣɽҲܳʮˣ˶źڼףΪ׵һ߽˳ߵͷ෢׳
ŵ۹׻ңʮȻȻܳĺڼʿַļӾ
׻ַüͷ૵ѵʮռеǸϵԪң
ַٷ˼ȥ²ˣʮ˵Ļȷǵݣ
Ŷԭǰǿ˼ˣôǣץ߰ôΪͷĳ෢ЦһͬʱߵĺڼʿһЦ
һڼʿǴЦϴȺС˾ȻǸҰˣݵģ˼壬ߣʲô
죡ͷ෢׳ȵҪүڵţҪǵүıʱ䣬ҾʮԴҲǲģ
࣬һλݵĺڼʿʱȴַһ˵ֻ֮طֵģʶģ͹ãȻ


180 
⣿ʮ˷׷׽ĿͶַ
λô˵ҲȲģ˾ѾǷ˼ĶˣֻǼ˼ˣûȨ˼Ҫǵʾһ´С㷽ɣַĬĬһᣬ㽫ֱ߸˷˼塣
ôϻһ䣬ǲ෢ǰһĿַǺεݣ˵һǳǵĵޣٷϻԶ
ϾǷѾĻӳѨڱƳģ׽ġַⷽһͻȻ˳ǳ෢󺺵׻ȻǿƣѵͿ޼ɵô
޼ɵ⼸ַ֣кЦ˼ֶֺγˡ
Ǹˣ෢ǿӲҾʹɱ¾ֻ֪һ飬ǽҪˣǣһëҲ̻ȥ
ӣӦô죿ַһ˶Ҳʱ׼֣ȻԷһϮɱܾûС
ô죿ַЦһ˼£ҪͿ£˾鷳ҲҵͷϣʱûбҪͷ
˵ôϻ֪ô෢׳һŭа׹һȻһ˽λĻ͵ػͬʱһȥɣ󻢵һɳĵһգһɿ´̶ĿХȻַ
ģ쵰һôͶסԼַһжҲǲ콣һӭȥ
䣡վһһ뵶͵رѿľ֮ϣʱѵĴ׳ľͷҷɡ
Ƕ壡ַĿһһȻͿһڵǿߣȴû뵽ȻһѿҪ̤ƾĶǿߡ
˼һᣬܴˣǰնɱǿȻףǶһЩǳڡڵļһλ붥Ļǿ߻
СӲԻλľ磬ܽһ˵ģĵһˣ෢󺺴ӿ£̤һŴ֮ϣĿĶַҲˣ
ôܣַǳ෢һ˫֮˶һĿɿڴַԵΣȻ֮ƴƽ֣˷˼
Խսֻһִ˵ͬʱԽսûи߽׻Ĺ⡢ĹҲǾ޿ܣǴ½ϵ
Ǹ߽׻湦ǿ̬ӵУ
˿̣֮ȫˡ
ѵ
Сӻһӵܣ
ֻʲôַżõĶ
䡢飡𣬾ȻѾ򣬾;Բβڼʿڳ෢󺺵Ĵ£·һһַһ
еİһڼʿЦһеĿ⳯Ǹ׽ŰĴ󺺿ȥ
ģȻǵĸˣģҪɾ͸ǡҲǻˣһţһǹӭȥ
ַһժ˼ʮöҶӡ
Сӣ׼Ҷˣ෢󺺲ЦˣôĶĹԸͨˣһɱԸߣûõģ
𣿺ٺ٣СүҶӵζַ콣˹ȥ
ϣ
෢һ콣֮У䣬ͬʱˡ
ʱַͻȻһ⣬ֶȻһʱ׵м˳ȥ
ߣ˵ûãЩ׵㣬ΪҶǳ෢һӳӰƬƬҶʱ鿪
ڳ෢󺺵䣬ȻһƬͻƵ󣬴͸ϵ֣Ӳϻһ˿ڣѪⷭѪֱ
ϴ󣡡ڼʿæվǰ潫֮ڻͬʱӳд󵶣ַЩ׵㡣


181 ҶƵǿ
ַⷽռƣ˶Цš
쵰ʲô෢̰γѪ֮еǵ׹⣬ĿϸʲôҶĳеݡ
ֻϸʮǿ͵Ϯ͸ֵǼֻʵ벻Ŀлݣ
ģϴҪǵһڼʿȻ
͵һӴ󿳵ٽһ˼ʿԴȥʿۿžҪ
ɣڼʿЦ
ʱ򡭡
ݣһƿնϵһסһֻӰѪʽҶƮƮһô֮ϣɨһۣô£
ĻëСӣҲǵ£෢һǰŭ
ҶƱһ
һѵڼʿȺУֳֻѪʽ䣬ӰϷɡ
գ۹Χڳ෢ߵ߰˸ڼʿѱ˳ȥȴûɱ֣߰˸ڼʿһµľꡣ
ȥˣһں޵ֿ֮෢󺺵ĲϣҶƻعͷ
СӣҵȥȥòҪϴ󣡡߰˸ɵĺڼʿŶԷ˼ۣһ촽˵ЩݻһҶǱ˫ƨƨߵˡ
ҶȥɨַһȺˣ£˭ģ
ġַҶһۣǰһ˵һ顣
Ϊַֻ˵Ҷüͷһƣ˵ǣ
Ҷӣ׻ˣ
˵ֱӿɱַΧǼȿֺ˵
ˣҶüͷĿǳ෢󺺣ȻģǾ͵øۣ׻ңҶȴǲ壬ɣ
һ꣬йҶȻӶ
ˣһȣһӰ˹
ߣҶѪʽһ
꣡ᴩ˳෢󺺵ĺ෢۾ɵùԲɢڵϡ
ľһҪɱ˳෢󺺺ҶƻعӣעǵٱڶӰͻȻڵҶ˺˲ܶԸģҪν
ǣҶӣеļ˵һ𣬾ųǹСĽ䱸


182 
ʱ򡭡
ôĵɱ׻ҵˣ
·һ죬һϵĿҶҲǷ׷Ʈ˼ʿкϣͬʱһɿµļХ
ͣ
ǵĿºХ
һ׵֮Ľд͸ռ䣡
˸ַֹ̬һɫ΢䣬ٶ֮죬˶ܡ
ۣ
һ׹ӹ
һ߷һʹĺһ䵽ϣؿڵϣѪ
ıѳһѪղһ׹ȻҶɵסɢǶһٽǰʿǰؽֵǡ˻
ڣַתתͷ׹Ϯķ
ֻһ಼£ݿݵߣֳһ׵绷ƵǹѾ˷˼һ˵ǰ档
ÿٶȡַĵ΢˱𲻳ԴܱղⲼߣʮ⣬գ۹򣬾͵⡣ٶȣ֮ԼҲǲҡΪҲǿܻһλǿߡ
פɨһԶԹַˣҶƣһӣСӣ㣬ϷҪúûᣡ
ԭͷҶǰŽ٣ΪҶгԹصúݺݳͷһ
ʱټҶƣ³ɺһӿϣɱ䣬Ҷֹ̥ҲǲҴ⣬ȫҪº֡
Цسϣ
ʲôɣһһӰҶƽüһбȥתۼ䣬߱Ѱվʮʿ
ʮʿֻһڴ˳߲ԲһźұϲŵĿ׹⣬âҫۣˡ
Ҷһ꣬
ǽǺһЦĴָҶƹȻʶ˵ãϳү
ҶЦϴǧг˿ͷҪΪǲϵܳͷˣ
һ·ӳȣɭЦ˵ǣ۱ᣬڱү˳޵ţԽԽãǲĵûоԹռҲٻ뿪
ַԣһ˽һۣôĿСӿҲǴﵽ˻ƾ磬û뵽绹ҶƱȼ꣬ѵģܴˣԭΪһҶһڲ֪Լһֻʮľ֮ܣ
뵽ַŭĬĬۿƶԼһǴĲԷڵĸ֣ԼһһҶƣһԣԼ͵Ĵ㣡


183 è
ҶЦǲأһ꣬γѪʽ
˻ȥַĬĬţһͷҶһֻۣٴһ֣Ǿ뿪
⣿ַһ漴ʵҶӲҪôȴţƴֺõ£ԼǴȥģǽбү֣Ҳǲܵģ
ҶȥѪʽһһָ̫ǿҲֻǿȥô󡢶СɣｻҾˣ
ַȻ仰ȴûκж
ɱӣɣҶƳֽ֣ͻȻңû˳ȥӰһתѲ
ߣܣһͷһۣҲתͶ֮С
һΪ治Ҷƺȣ֪˭˭£ʧӰַ뵽
ʱϷ俴ַһۣʮЩ˾ͽˣȥս˵УľͻȻӿɰ˳ߣַವɨ
ľַüͷһšסЩľȴһǱ仯˵ľգ۹ȫѶľסˡ
ȫɱˣź޵ֿ֮ļˣĮȻһۣľ˳ƾֻһ죬ַⷽļѱסһҲû֮УȲȥսˡ
ʮҪǳΪҪһֽţȴǲ볤һУвʤ֮ϲȴ¶֣ȴƽ
ַʼնʮĲһǶ޻֮ģЩһôСģѵǶͷ˵Ĺôô
⻰ʮһ٣һЦСӲ·ɣ΢ЦȴȻӾȻӽַ
úãַЦƣȻȫǣ顯һϵľʱ䣬һţʿʹһ׹ء
ЩʿμַͻȻǺһôҲ벻Ȼ˲ϳµľǻҴ⣬мһͬȥԸַ
⼸ȥסǸַһŵʿʮ֣һӣҲ˭һ֮£ʿȴǺϢ
ľȥֻʿֱ۶֮ƣһһֱӵ졢֮˿˿ѪһžַˣȻ
һҲҪŹģȻΪСүֻèܷˣַһ֣䵽ϣ콣һһ£ѿڵǻкԮɱ⼸ˣӪأ
ַͻȻЩʿƽʱԼƾһ仰ܽҲٻˣʱһͻлץųûͷûһ衣
ַµļЩʿŵӣʱǾʧ룬׷׹Цһͦǳ˹
һսЩʿңֻ轣˶ܡ
ռҾȻĻһֳ裡ַЦһ磬˫䣬˲ϢЩʿתһȦֻòҽвϣһʿ°ĭء
ߣַͻȻͷһת㱼֮УļҲæȥ
ֻȴͣסͷҶʧķһۣǼһһжܺȡʤһ˼ӿҲһ˶ȥƴأ뵽һᣬԸǼ˻ȥϢ˼ĴС㣬Լǻ콣ҲҶʧķ׷ȥ


184 ѪӰʮ
һ·ǱУ֮Уá±ַཻ֮һΣԾһôϣĿȥֻͷһϵ˫׺ᣬǽ궷Ҷơ
ҶƶռϷ磬ͷɵŭһƮࡣ
ʱ򣡣ͷһҶѹ洺磬һ⣬뵽Ҷȥܣһһңǰ
Ҷ˲˰ʮУΪߣʵ飬һζζԲִټƷǽһᣬէһкͷһؿ¶
ߴϲ˫ȭŵ׹⣬ǰء
ҶĿоһᡮ١һսȦתȭƽƽȥ
ˡһȭƾϣƻ̶޴аãֲҶƵȭȻ
СˮǡȭͨʽҶʹȭȴǧ֮ȭƽʵʮһ̣ͨ졣
Ҷһб˶֣Ҳ˰亹¶յ֮ʮǿסƱټϮȻٴ֣Լֻж֮ȫ޻֮ʱɱ֣ɵ˫üһ
ѪӰʮ⣡
Ҷƿл³ͳɳƵͬѪʽģһɳİѹ籩֮ʱ쫷һ㣬Ŵ򶷵
ʲôʽ߼ҶƶȻ˵ƣ޲ȻˣճͣסǰĽŲ
֮УҶƵܿʼŵɫâĽС
һУСһֱʮС
ЩޱȵĽУÿһֻһƬϸҶСɢŵâγһȦǵƶٶȷǳ죬Ҷܵһ֮ڣڰзţХ
ʲôҲʵ̫̬ɣַһԱĬĬĿһУĽУǴϿȥļµ
ҶƷľҲǴĲЩһγɣҪƴĳȡڵĹȵѪʽͷųһеʱɫѾ콴ϣĿͷһۡ
ȥҶƴһֹҶһָнУһ㣬ָķ򣬿ȥ
꣡
꣡
꣡ǵסȥ·ľʯ񲻿һıֽһĽии
Сģ
һߣмĿͻȻų˵Ĺâ
͵ıһԹսַҲ죬ǵдѣΪԼʨӺˣ
һȫͣĹĵģһ磬ǰ棬з׹ⱦЩ˹ȥ
꣡
еĳɳ׵罣âײУǵɳĽâ΢ͽУȴЩжһгΡ
ǡꡯһƬѪ
һİڵϣϳصı
һ˽λĻȻĻȥˣɲĹȣӸϻȥˡ
СӣϷնҪɱͷʹԹ˶ҶȥһۣƴΣգΪ´󹦣ŵʹ͵ġ


185 ĴС
ͬ꣬һֱ棬˸飬ͻȻȥͷеʹܾҵʹ
ϽӽˣͻȻüͷһ壬ԥһᣬеı˹
㣿߽ӹ
Ҫ˵ˣͻȻ׹һȻֳһ˽ɫǹǹ˸ȵܳҶƣҵı͸ߣ
ǹߣߴϲӦһһһǹղУգѵҶվ֮
Ϊӵлʮֵȫ֣ǹ赣ȥҶƵġѪӰʮ⡯΢ͽһȥҶƶʱ·磬ǱƵæҺˡ
״ЦѣǹҶһ֣һ׵ͨǹ˲䵼ҶڣҶƶپһһ飬йҶ֡
δԵɣԷ׹ĳǹȻ̵ǰаһΣֻòֻʶ
ζ˼غϣͻȻֿŶ
ЦһָǹҶƣභôãԪҪľҪ翹ȥô
ȥĪ쿪ҪҶ־ܲɣ
ߣʹ죬治֪ôݳһһǹƺϳɶΪһ˲ҶƸһÿһԺ˹ʱҶÿһУƺҪþȫ
ʱ󡮵һԹսַȥԭǷ˼ĳӵˡ
˼ݴСַڵķһۣڴһҪ̽ҶƵһ뵽⣬оͶ񣬶뵽δؿϽһʻڱߣ˻ȥ
ǰ桮¡֮ԽԽ졣
ַݴСͬʱ̧ͷȥбУֻӰȥǹײֱ֮򶫱Ǹߴ
һվͱڣѵʯ飬ۿȥϲУºͣǹâ˸£˾ͱڡ
ַĿƳ˴ʱѶжɱУֻҪһУ֡
ݴС漴ҲƼҶƣϲ֮ѿڶǷƸ磡Ƹ磡
ַһ룺ҶƺභѴ·磬һʱҲѷʤܣ񣬿һвͻʱɱ˲ɽҪСүᣬǿɴĻˣ
æιµģеҷƸ֣һ
ʲôˣͱС˵ݴСŭˣС㽫ˣҰƸһëɫ֡
˵ңַĿɿڴָԼݴС㣬пƵѪԼһģȴĻػ쿪˵ķˡ
ʱֻСſڴк㣬Сɫ˵ĲΪʲôҪˣ
üŵƸȻ⣬Īǽ뺦׵ķƸ粻ǣ
СѾͷ˵ЩʲôݴСԼҪΪ㣬Ųǰ⵱ڣ˵鷳ˣһ뵽ĻҲǲʱס˿ڡ


186 Ưʽ
̧ͷɽ֮ϵĴս
ַҲĿͱȥֻҶѶµһߣȴһĵĹսˣһĻж󲻽⡣
ֱַǼս֮ϸһᣬףԭһʯǴɽ͹˳ƾٿգ˵Ҳаٰʮɣʯභ䣬պֻս
Ҷһжȡʤҵһĵط
ңʯɣƮ䣬˾綷֮ңֻҪ˭һˤΪٸߣֻҪû쾳磬֮һҲǷǲɡ
ַ̧ͷǶ˵ҲС࣬Ʈ裬λзһ㡣
ͷӥ裬֮£භɿöˡ
ںִкƸôþУ㣬зƸкƯľа
еüͻȻϽһȻʲôУСʩչһˣҼСӵ˽˳ԹǷ˼ǲҪ֣
վɽͷ˵Ƹʩչ˾Уһæеͷ˵ʲôҪҷƸʩչǸƯʽͽɱ仨ˮˣôܻվǣ
ߣëѾͷ֪ߵغ񣡣һﻰ
ιͷô˵ˣ
˵ϷͽϣʱֻͷͻȻһָһһʯ
һԾʯ߲˶Ƥ⣬ɵһȴǡͷͷĻǧٴΣ
ַͻȻס죬ɵòĿȥȴݴС¶ֵ飬Ҷᣬ㽣Զ૵صƸ罫ǶصǽһʹǼ棬Ҫһͷģôɱˣ
Ҷûʲôûʹɣַ⻰ü
֪ʲô¿úܵܵһͷĽУҲֶѡַ˵ᣬȴҲݴСһۡ
ʲô˲˭ҪǶã΢вͲúַȻһ䣬תͷ
ݴСɫ˵˵Ųú
ַ˫üһҪŭȴݴСԶҶƣȥ¶㽵ҡҡͷټƽϡ
СɫְİɣһۣЦƸڴߣƸ磬Ժɲкӹġ
ַһǸ˱Ƶϴһô
ĪҶ¼ҲĽĽǴ˽ƾһ㣬Ҳ֣̲סСɫ˵Ƹ磡˵̾ˣ֮һٸСɫҲϷƸһģ
𣿡ַЦҲδ̫ǵķƸģ


187 
ȴСɫ㲻ò˼ЩӵҲǼƸȴ̫ᣬоƲ˭֪Ǽλõ󣬾û˽ӵһ
ַЩõûãδؾҶ
ݴСһۣƺм֮硣
ֻ˿ԼҴ㣬ֿ˿ַСɫҼҴôˣŲС
ôַ֪ҪС椣ϽôԼĲڣ
ʱ߲ܲսֻ·ַ˼Ĵ󡢶С㳳Ҫסǣͼáϴ֮
̧ͷһԼҶǹཻ˶ҲͻȻѩһ㡣
֪˶ȵԹգѰ˼С͡°ȻҲţ֮භδռϷ磬Ҳǰлʱ
ͷһתͱڱɱȥ
˼Ĵ󡢶Со棬еͷôһ仰ʳڣ֪𰸡
ֻͷûͱȥֳʯһţӱԾ࣬ʱֳţ֮ʲҶƺ߶֮ʱɿöˡ
ʱҶƹƴռϷ磬ֻҪܽɱˣȻٳȥͷյΣܶȹһ
ɽűͷԾ䣬ʵ£дƣ̲סʧֱֿڣҸѵģϼһﻹѡʱ䣡ͷȻӽʱΨһָȥ
֣һжذɣ漴룺ԼȻƾգϼ嶼׼֮ˣԼһȥǽСѾͷҪź⡭ûˡл֮
ʱͷԾ¡
Ҷ˹գһһļǿ纣вΣһͷһͷϣãҪһʤҲǴ󲻿ܣ˶֣ܶȫעѾӶš
ͷͱڣԾ£ȫϢ˾֪
СӣҪϷˣͷͷʶĿѷӵ˼£ߵҶ󣬾𳤽˫ۣЮ׷磬ļ̡
Ҷֻһ֮ľԼʱйҶĽǹཻҪǰƽһ綼Ǽ֮˵лؽ󵲼ܡ
ת죬ͻȻĿкһǸʩչǸвһԼҲ˻ȥ
ҶҪʲôַҲоҶͻȻЩ״̬ˡ
ֻĮͻأһźɫҩɢǿһżƷ鵤
ǡһԾؿһۣ˵ͷſ϶Լе뷨
ҶƽһţһźĿҩǽУʱ濪ʼһɫϢ
͡ռ
ʹҶƻûƣɫϢռˡ


188 ɻ
ʲô⣿ͷеĳ£ȻһĻһоҶϵǹɫвûаһɱҶơ
ݴСҲһɻȻǰԼҶƵĳޣֻ˵Ư֣Ҳ֪ʲôơ
ַоɿ쭵Ϣõо£̫ˣϢһԼҲסɣڿԼƺСҶˡ
ҶͻȻɣѪʽȻ˦
ݣ
ֻһڹռ·ֽһһڣȻÿռ˺ѣֱţҲɫһ䣬ڹٶ̫ˣӣ
ֻáһ죬ؿڣǰ͸룬󱳴ΪԼȲʤȯҲôҲûϵдһС
ͷһһȣٽֱնȥնҶƵͷ
ɻ֣Ҷһе֣ͷͻȻһʱȫâ䡣
ˣһ
ͻأһѪĴƳ֣ռŤС

ͳײ
ͷеĳ˳ȥɫ԰ޱȣĿɿڴԾǳƣͻȻҽһ˾ȻֱŴƷȥ
õĴƲľ޴ͷ޷֮УƶȻһɣͷеѳһ߸ʬ
˵ǸǳƯʽΪ˲ǹӰ죬ַҲʮףԾؿаû뵽ϻ˵ĽУ
ҶƵĿ£һַᣬת˲⣺һͿԼ˳ۣԼǲǳû򡭡Ժϣǿ鷳ˡ
ΪʱַѾע⵽ʩչһкҶƵѾ˺ˣӦʩչʽҲܵ˲СĴˣ
½Ż鴫ַһȻǫ˳ȴ൱԰֮ˣǴ˿̺ʹ˵д½ȣокܴ࣬ҲŶʼɵĳɷ֡
Ҷɷ䶢ȥһͻȻ̧ͷ·һۡ
СѾͷɱˣҶƵĮڣ˶Ǻһ˻Ӧ
ಡһǾ޴ĳƶȻ˳ǰ
֮һɳǿȻѹȹȫѪڣڵľѪҪָоǺš


189 
ɳǿɫ䣬֪ǰľ޴ƲϵؼѹԼԶ־Ʒȥ֮ǰＱٱС
ҶķôôҪֻ֣ǰٽǼλʿŤŭơ
䣡䣡
ըϣǷһҲ΢跢һٽľ룬˲֮Ǽ˺ʣ뵽֮кμת۱˾߾߸ʬ
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һʹܵݴСߣ˵ڳҶƹ˼ɵˣˣҲҲκһ˵ġ
ַҲҶƵĹ·߿ÿιƹݴС㣬ԵػַŹ
ȻַɱǸвһ˿ŭⷽ
㣬ձҶƵͳַԺ
ݣĺ
Եڴһ˿ɫâɫռʱѿһСϸ졣
ɱңַһɫ߲ס˿âռϸСѷ죬Щɫ߶ʱ
꣡
˿ĺֱַұۣ߹Ѫ⣬һϸСĶ˲ֱγɣѪʡ
Сɫû°ɡַһ̣ȴǻǰַ˵˵ЦЦֵĳĪ
ڻˣַͷЦĿһۣȴǿɬޱȣղƹ߱ͷģҪˣ֮ڵϣԼ˿̿һʬˡ
⼸䣬һʿ£ʶɢ
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㣬Ƹ絽ôˣΪʲôҪɱǣͷĿݴС㡣
ûʲô˰գݿǰһĻҲڲˣһˣԼΪʲôҪսǲͲ÷Ƹˣ


190 С
˲䣬ʿѲҪն
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һѪӹ˳գ֮ӭսˣʱѳ롣
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ÿӰһԴѿ
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ӣ˵ʱֻܺܳ룬ڳˣַݡˣȫӶӲ
СӣһԵĻᣬϣúðգվڰգֳֵѪعҶҶͻȻɫһ䣬ַһۣһչһŶȥ
һһʹ˲ϵĲҽ֮ԭ׻ҵһˣֲûʱŹַ״̬Ҷƣɱ˭Ǻ޻·
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ݵ浽˰·Ž֣Ҳַ
ַ˿һۣ΢΢һ¶һ˿ɭЦ⣬΢࣬ݵĵ
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ߣݵһַؿڣֲַ֮£ֻٴκˡ
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191 
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Ҳɱģַһ꣬ͷߣȴǰһʯһ㣬д棬еѾͷʲô
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ʱҲѹԼ˫֣ͻȻЦ
ѾͷЦʲôü΢
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ѣַɶУͷԡ
ѽǾ˰ЦտʲôǷˡ
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ߣװģʲôۡ˱ӣݵ㣬ǵģҲû裬Ϊʲô˵ң
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һ΢΢һ˿ԼҴ㣬ֿһַԥһᣬͽԼѵ²˵˵һƬ
СѾͷַܾɫһ䣬ðȻ˵ô˵ҲǷ˼ϵӵܣһ㲻ˣ˵ձȥ
һ㶣Сɫʲô㻹ûʽȻ˼֮ˣԺˣҾ͸㣬Σ˵գͳһСƿַһֱ÷Ƹ˸Ѫƿҩԡ
ַҲδʼҲֻһʣֽӹһ䣬ҩ۷˿ϣҩ˷˼ʥҩʮ飬ֹ̼Ѫ
ԼСþȻüʥҩַˣݵСѾͷôߣ˴ʱʹŪСŪúǱǺˣСѾͷĪϡ
ַЦһֻʹŪǷƸȴһʮɱΪһ˽Ȼԥɱ˼ˣ
ǰ㣬ƸʿɱˣǲùЩһصѪʬüͷ
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192 
ַһ̾ʹƾ磬Ҳ˵ã첻ҶɱԺҲƽ֣úˣ֮Ҳ˰ɡ
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վһԵСɫǰҪɱģôҲˡ
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һ˹ĶͷЦصСɫе֪
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һæ㣬ȣǲãƸǰĻܲƸ粻ҪɱСɫ
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ַȴҲգЦС˵ǣҵǱ˵ҪҪģڽնСά
𣿡ͻȻһȻЦһӰһţҶƣ䶨ʱͻȻת󣬿߸ĸѩĹĹ
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һСӻô
ҶɭĿַϣص˵


193 Ѫ
ַһ㶣ԼѪδˣҲμüŪۣҪԼ̫ߣٸҼʱ䣬յνȫߵ㶨ȻҵĶ֣
ҶƼַ¸ŵĶԼƣټѾͷ̼ͷŭ𣬺ȻСӣƵȬ˰ɣҲãɱ㣬ҲСѾͷĶԼҵѪʽ߹Уɣ
ƸȵȣСɫǰˣˣղŻڽʹأôܺˣַ𣿡
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䣬ֻһ˺գַ֮ضʱһ󶴣ַӵϳɶٷۿҪŵأͻȻڵһţһȴһô֮ϣöҶƽһ
ҶƾһѪʽɲϣһʮУַ֮㲢ãǲһؾͷڣէէ˵ؽظΣվɿ⡣
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ַֻһ㵶ϣαңֻһ㣬ǲһȴһҶۣ˳ҶƵĽ棬Ϣ֮䣬಻ĽУ˳ȥ
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ƯʽʶҶǽӰĹâɫһ¶֮£ǰҶʩչÿη˵нˣȳȾѪʡ
ַ̤ǣתʮȦӣʼѲ˶ԷĽ棬ɲǼ䣬Ѿһô֮£ѣ۾Сɫأ


194 ת
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ַʱĹΣ޷ǣҶƵĽƣΪǲһתٶȼӿ֮⣬
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ͽǻУľ˼ƣˣҶƻн˸ƹʹߵ۾
Ҷƣ죬Ҫ˵ЩʲôվԱϣ֪Ϊʲô뵽ַҪɥ£оһ˵ѹٿŤͷȥ
ܵУʤһȺҶʤȯգŲæϧҡҡͷоź֮⡣
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ܵҶƵǹɱ͵վ˴ս룬ҶȥеɱСɫʱҶһȻ
δ䣬Ҷɫ䣬ۿҪԼĽ£ͻȻƣӲǿջ˰˳
ҲԼɣҶǿʩչеĺ֢Ȼ˫ϥͻȻǰһڣڵء
СѾͷСģַһǰ棬𣬶˿ƵĽâӿ£ϣ£˸ףز
ַӵҶͻȻ״˲Ҷʩչǰ㺧˵ġСǿھǱʵ;ƿ֮
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ͨһ㣬ַȻתѪȻֲȥһҶƱƽ


195 ֮
ʲôҶͻȻ̧ͷԴּڽĿַһۣȻܶΪ϶ɱң
ǰеַһҶƣɱһûĵô϶Ҳɱڵ㣿
ҶΪٸߣ츳ٱ̬ҲǸˣһжսƸֶ֣֮սȺۣ׷ɱˡ׻֮ˡ
ַţڵԼɱˣԣһַ̣Ҳӿǿҵɱ˵ɱҶƵĻǧѷ
ַܵɱ⣬ҶͻȻЦԸ񣬾Ȼ˴Цίʵǳַ֮⡣
Ҫɱң;һԣҶͻȻЦҾվﲻ㿳ɱܲɱң
Ҷһ飡
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ãҶ˵ֵʱ򣬺ءܳأ棺Ҿ㳢һΰɣ
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Ѿ׼ˣ˾һưɣҶһһֵ⼸֣ΧͻȻһ䣡
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ʲôľ磿ܴﵽľ𣿣
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Ӧα쾳磬ҲαƣֻҪһʩչɻ֡Ϊֱα쾳磬ҲΪͷûз֮ԭ򣡣Ҷͷ˫΢ֻ۾ַ׵̶δκζ£ؾҲΪ֮ɫ
ַһ侪δңǲȫת˿һ˲֮е˼£ҶƻϤյƬء
вʵĶסҶƣʱҶȻȻ
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þȫַס岻ǰ˳һ


196 ֮Լ
ҶЦĿƺʲô鶼ûзƾµ㣬϶ɱҡ
ַ¶һ˿ΣͻȻ䴫ڵ϶Ҳɱңܱİ֮ˣ˵ַ꣬վһԵݴС㣡
һĻҶɫ䣬ԥ˰ΣͻȻ֮꣬ڣҲɱ㣬֮รҵĵޣ
ꣿַĬȻ÷˼ĴСвҶƣַ֮٣һоڵԼɱҶơ
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ַ֪ҶɵĴȻҶƴӦ֮ڲɱַȻַڳĬһζǰǽæСɫʹӦ˰ɣƸǸصˣ˵һ˵֮ڲɱ㣬һᣬֻҪʱദ˵֮󣬷ƸԶˣ
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ȴһֱߵһǰַնɱЩʿʱµĻڣסϵϢһôĺ档
֮ʻҶҪɱڣ˻ţΪԼһ·ҶƲͻȻɵвһ
ڿòˣ
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Ҷ˫ĿƶǱҶҶƴСأԽԣҲᷢѪʽҶ꣬Բ֮ǽ֮ʦѣֽͽ֮㿴ܣ֮ȡΣ
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ѪʽҿܣĬΣʵ
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ʹթߣСоҶĳмΪ֮Ҷһһ䣬ն
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ʱַ𣬻һƣһöɣͷȥȴɴУС椡ᡯش˹ŭģСˣ㾹ȻвƸ磬򣡣˫ӣö룬


197 ССг
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ޣޣ˫ֲСллҲлģնҪúýѵ㣡΢Ǽö룬ַ
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Ƹ˵ǣݵַҶƱ˹ȥ
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һĻַҶơһȴֻعͷЦôǲ˵Ҫ·ôôߣ
ðɣߣҶƿַһۣݵķ£վɾʱҶȫһ˶Ȼأ֮ǰܹ־ѣȫƾѹƣʱǿվپ۷ڣ³һѪʹȥ
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ʲôַһۣߵǵĹϵܣûǰŮܲ׵ĵӦöɣҶˣɣ
ַ˵һ˵Ŀɿڴ
ȴַ̾İɣȻҶƲһСˣүȻҲС֮£һ꣬´нӹҶƣ俸ڼϣЦУٿȥԶˡ
ԼҴһۣСɫδ˵꣬ȴһ㣬һڵ·Ƹ磬£ת׷ȥ
ַһӣҶƱƵܻĻᣬǻ׷ŹеɱΣһ뵽Լ֮Լкһֹ֡
ϸһᣬַ̾˿ɱҶƵͷ֮ԼڵΪչȻپ֮һԼûҪС֮ˡ
ֻȻɱҶƣôҪҲźãЩ˵ķӣһһˣ·߲ľɫַͻȻһͷ
һɾǿҶˣ
㱼䣬ҶƸеƮƮģһƺëƮڿУһС䣬ʱײŽʯʹƫԺ޷ۡ


198 ŭ
Ҳ֪˶ʱЩ־Ҷһƣȴ涼ԭľŴһۣŷԼһСݣéΪԭľǽеĴֳ͵ķᣬԼɵľտҲ
Ƭ̣ʹȥ࣬Ҷв죺˭ҴҪСôŪˣѵǸһ
Ȼ򣬰ַƴСжԼԼӳأһ·ϱȻĿûײҡ
ת룬ǼһûŹ裬Ҳδ֪һʱԽԽ޲ýַܵʬ
ǼһΪûûɱԼ˼һ벻ԭɣҶƶĿй
תһ͸ѪϵƺĳɣѿԱ
ҪţȴŲ죬
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199 кҩ
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201 ˳
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202 ˱Ժ
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203 
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204 ݴ
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207 ͨ
㣬ƶڵˣޣǰľ޴˵ܣҲûֱӳǰɱȥ
ɵԽ޴ķ˵ܺ󣬿ǰľַĿɿڴһʱ˵
ֻʮﳤͨ᲼ǰÿͨɢɫâΨһͬģһͨϷ̵ġ͵֣һͨš֡
ȻѾַǻǱ˺һͨǰ
ԶǡͨѲվڣŻɫ׵ĴַһʱҲе¶
һۿȥЩǧ
κһߣоȻһƾ
ǿߺöַ࣡а̾Ƿ˼壬ǰֻ֪ʮռϵľްԣڿΪǿ֮һķ˼壬ϿȥҲ˿ϼ
ǿ壬ԶԼǰǰԼ½ʶɽһǶ㲻ϣ
ħɭֵĪɳʮǿߣɱԼʱַΪѾһļˡ
ںǰķ˼һȣʲô
˼ҿͨģ԰ټƵĻǿߣ˼ǿߵж٣ѵԼĶ½ʶô
ǵԼ˽½֪ģֽһô磬뵽ַеѪҺȣԼҪߵ·ܳ
ʲôˣַЩʱԶ
ͨԣʮֱӷ˹Ϊ׵ǸӳԶͺǳǷ˼صأ
ҶЦӭȥϺڣۿǹģ
˽Ӵǡֵôʱ·ˡ
С㣬С㡢ҶӡΪ׵Ķӳٽ֮󣬶ʱʹãϺ֪ǻߴߣ
ϻ񲻻Ҫ߸ʮ²ܻؼңü
ٺ٣ǣǣС˵ǶӳЦһᣬɻַλǣ
Ӧ֪ҷ˼ձ˾ѩĹݵַһۣڵ
˵⣬ģѩλͬǰȴҶնɱĸ˼ĴС͸ɴһͳȫַ
Դˣַףȴû˵ʲôһЦ֮


208 ڷϵ
ŶȻμʽعǶӳַһۣǾֻܰذˣûΪ˼Ա֮ǰ˼ˣֻܴӿ͵룡
ĳػַ࣡һ㶣а
ַСɫҰݼ׾ͻȥģȸŴڿȥעᣬȳ˷˼ӵܣԺڷ˼ߡ¾ͷˣ
СѾͷ㻹ߣӦöȼˣַһۣԺ˵Ȼ᲻˵ģ
ˣԼݵ΢ɣַĬЦѣԼϼĴүѵʲǷ˼壬ĭתȥ
ַ飬΢ʲôͷûת꣬ԼҴסٿšͨͨת۱㲻Ӱ
ݡҶߣӳɫһַˣҲСʲôϵһ롮͵ڲҪߣңΪ͵ڵÿһȹţͨ˼𾴿˵ľסأײ˼ڵĸ߲ԱСǣҲǱ㡣
ַ֪ĵͷ
ȴǸо˼УȼɭϣԼ
ҡΪ׵Ķӳǰˡ͵
ͨڣַüͷҲǸ˽ȥ
ַͨŷ֣ԶԶͨڲΧ㣬ԼÿףһĹš
ӳ˵ЩžǷ˵סÿǴظϻأֱͨţصס֮ء
ַֻʼնãЩŵòӳ˵ô򵥣
ַӳͨڲǧ׳ľ롣
һ·ϣͨڵЩŴҲӰǿַʱͶɻĿ⡣
ֱǶӳһһǰ˵Щ˲ԹַȥԼȥˡ
ͣͣ䣬ַӳش£ͨһͨعǰ棬ַͻȻһ
ȹŵ˲䣬кһͣʱͺͻȻݿˣͻȻһ㡣
ָоУһԽʱյʩУַ뵽ٴλͷȥʱǵʧѡ
ԼǶӳһƬĽȺ֮УԼһûʵС
͸󿪵ĴţСԺһ׷ϣ⡣
վַǰǶӳЦſڵ
׷۾ЦվŶ㰡Сӣôܵˣÿͨô
û취ͨǱߣǸ˴С㡢СҶӣһعӴǱ߸˻ǹӵעǼǵģСӾͽˣ׺߳ΪСӣӳɫĽ˵һ
Ŷ׷תͷַ
ӳַָתǰ׷ͷ˿дСеϵϾͿŰɣˣ
һ꣬·Ķӳ뿪ˣ
ôСǴӴСӿǲ׷ͷҲûѾȥĶӳŰ룬ȤĴַǸҵĹ
ַ±ӣҲЦ׷ߵѩѩ֮
ѩ򣿡üһûţ˼ʵ̫ˣҪס֧صƣǲܵģ
˵ַҲֻЦЦ
㾹ȻǴСģͷҲ㶪ϵӵܵݸ㣬˼ϵְٸϵʮϵһعǴٸϵӵݣϷƻŪϵݸ㣡
ϵϵνַ΢ЦֻҪΪѣˣ
ٺ٣СӶ˵ѵһϷģʮϵеĺڷϵ֪ʲôԭǰЩûһ͸ˣǺһЦ߰ɣȥע£
ַȥЦҸոյ˼壬ע֮£Щ֮⣬һ
ǰİ׷Цûʲô򵥣ֻҪƫõǼϢУΪ㰲סޣȹ죬˺̸Щ˼Ľ֮£
׷߿˵˵𴦣ҲǺַ˵һЩ֮£޹ؽҪЩ飬ȴǼ
һŰ׷ߵ˵һͬƫǼһ˼ݣҵõһ˼ơ
ƣӴԺַҲǷ˼һԱϵˣ


209 Ů
лˡַӹݹһϻɫ΢£ϸ˿Ц
ٺ٣Ƿ˼ڷϵ΢£Ѫɡַе΢ЦϲΪڷһϵӵܣ
̫չˣȻСǻΪڷһϵӵܣַ΢£ʱԼǰϼүö΢£ʱΪӳϼ壬ü֮ҵԼ˴֮ס
΢ǱϼݵģÿһгԱ΢£ƾԸӦ˵ݣײ˼Ȩ֮ˡ
뵽ַƳһѪѪ˲䣬ַȵط֡վԼǰλͷȻʮϵкһϵϵ
ݿν˵ˣڷ˼У˼ȨӦþʮϵϵˡ
ԼͷùϵҲӦ˼ҵһɽ˰ɣ
ַת䣬ö⣡
ڰ׷ߵָ£һ˽ַǰڷ˼֮ڷġ
ڷĵĽȺǳӴʸסķ˼ӵܲ࣬ΪǺڷһϵȨ֮˵ľסڷʵҲסʮַĵϡ
Щżϵĺڷӵܶͳһסںڷ룡
ڷģ佫һСͱԺסַ֤󣬱ˡ
һĸ¥һԺվԺ
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¥ǳɾȻǾɨŴ̨ͤǰľϵľƳɣϸݻ¶һɴĺ
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үΣסߣ½һ¥ѡλܹɽһҪ¥󣬴⣬үҪۣŮӵĻСȥΪͻȻһŮԺ߳
ַһ£漴Ӧ˹Լô˵ҲǷ˼ڷһϵӵˣҲһ˼ϵүˡ
Щ֮УЩ˷̺Ҳʲô
ҪЩЩҲǲŮ˵Ůһ¾˰ɣȻ˵ĺޡ
ַҲףŮӣǼ򵥵ĸЩӻѡ
ȥӵˣľͲˣַĬһ£һ£˻֣Ůȥ
ǣүŮ̹ǫĴ¥˳ȥ
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˵ǵĵλҲԼܸıģҲȻˣ
Ů˵ſڣͻֽĽײ˽ַָıӣеøСӣҺϴԣɶǸǴСòͷˣ˵гһӣַ˹
ǣַһᣬ˶˵һʱع񣬻콣ǵĳ˼ɣűŭ˭ΪʲôҪҵ鷳
СЩ£ַһĳأǲȫ޾ɫ˫ֲЦΪСģСʶ࣬͹ԹԵĲҪ֣ǿһ٣һʱСȻٺ٣
Ķַ
ַɫһĿɨǼˣҸ⣬鷳Ǽģȥ˵ôϻСûš
㡭Ǽ궼һ漴ŭǴûҪһﾹȻôţһ˷
ǰڷ˼ҶƳһЩСûʲôݱؼӵܣ챻ȡЦ裬ҲҷŸƨھȻ˸Һţ
Ϊ׵ŭЦСӣ㻹еҺĪˣᣡ
ĪˣǻǿߣҲӦַҲֻһǿߣ߻ͬ飬һƲǰСӣ
ڷ˼Уӵ֮Ʋʲô෴廹ϵӵ֮ıȶһ˽ҪԼһϵ֮ˣѹϵ
ӵ֮ıȶƣҲ𵽼ĵЧһ˵ܵ˵裬ȻӷܷͼǿֽҲһЩ⿴ġ
ַô˵ҲҵĴ٣ЩǱ֪һЩģ
ԣһʼַû⼸˷ϣ
Ƿ˼ӵܣ⼸ǰšſܻһʱϾ˼ôҲһ뱾ӵͬȴġ
ھʹɲˣԼͬΪӵܣֻҪȡ㽫Ҳʲô鷳


210 Сʹ
ַӦôѵЩһһʱ
Īү̫ˡʱվſڵŮͻȻӿڵҼүŵ˼壬ôܻǵСҶӣҪҼ꣬¶ȥСǸ淢ǣ
죡Īͷһۣŭ
С£㵨ҲС˺˵ͬĪؼ궼
ǡֻһˣĪһ⣬жʱû⣡
˵һΣҲ鷳ȥַͷĪ˵һ䣬Ƕɱ
ҶݴС㣬Ҳǲ塣
ں⿿ҶƳĪˣ
Сӣղ˵ʲô˵һΣĪȵ
ܲ˵ԼϴˣȥӭӣɻûҶƵţð;ݴСһ١
ԴˣĪƽС۸ˣҲû˵ʲôиǸʲôǾôСƺЩ
һ֪С⼸һֱԼõ˴СĳͲ¾˵ġ
ִСȴǰСйأһǻƽ⣬ǵ£ȴԼͲ
ɲǰ磬Խ˼ƽٻ˵ֵܣһͬǰѰַĻû뵽СӾȻԼš
Īôܵˣ
ŭַлֱð
Ī𣿡ַЦ
ԡĪ΢΢°͡
治ȥַٴЦ
ϻĪѿڶ
үǧ¡ķΧԱߵЩˣæȰҶӳүܺǶȻԺܶͷġ
£ǰɣǷ˼һԱǶ֣֮˲ƫǰɡַͻȻʶѯʵ
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ɻҡҡͷǽŵǲƫһˣǿټҶǱߡ
ַѵõԼҪģ뵽ЩһֻҶ˳ôţЦһֱתͷĪĪҷȰ㣬ӽԺ󣬱ˣ
˵ʲôĪˡ
˵Ժ󡭡ңַ
Īַ漴ͷЦ
ԱߵļҲЦ
СӣҡĪַָҪ˵ʲôͻȻһ׹ǰ
ǲһӶַӰӣ
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༸˸Ӳǰǳ֣˺ٻᷴǻôݵĽɫһʱ˫Ŵǿһ𣬲վֱ
˵ˣԺңַкһ漴ɫһѹеɱ⣡
Щϴקվ꣬һ͵ȭߣȭȭ⣬죡
ͨȭͷգֱÿ궼Ѫַͣŭȵ
Īȼֱӱַ˳ȥˤԶ
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ѵСӲǻǾ磬ǻƣ
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뵽ĪǻͣߣĪҲӣսľķºݻ󣬲Ѹ뿪
ַҲÿĪһۣҪĪҲи֣ʼһĸо⣬Щһ»ĸң
΢΢Щҵļ迴һۣ΢΢üͷתͷ˵ȥЩʹӻһ£
ү㡭ַǿһĻȫסˡ
ǰʵҲһǧС㣬ҵ䣬ȣ˷˼Ϊͣһֱ̺Ѿͷġ
ɽһͻȻҪȥһˣȻ⡮̡ȻֻǼ򵥵֣е˼ɾͶˣ
ôܲף֮ǰǲǵ͸һλʮͷȥӷסª֮ˣֻǷһλү
룬һӴ˾ͻˣ
֪⡮̡֣Щ˼⣬ܻһ˼ҪúüַСҪĿġ
뵽ͻȻˣСʱʲô£һŮӣǸйˣֲöСһأһ£ͽԼɵˣ
뵽ЩͻȻ


211 ټ
ڿַҲȻѹүȫһλү˳Ծ
òҲǲܿɹǣʼգλү˸տʼɨԼһۣ֮ûԼˡ
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Ȼô˽λү֪һɫ֮ͽ
λүϿȥȻ䵭ȴ֪λӵƢȱϵҪºͣԹɫıܡ
һλү
⻹һСԼүҪ裬Ҳ׳ŵӣ˵˾ԴвĻ
ףǸǽ°ɣôվַĬһ飬»վſڣ֪ɵʲô⿪ڵ
Ŷүȥ»عæһת˳ȥ
ı棬ַνĵ˵ͷٲԺڡ
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ǲУȥҷϴ󣡡ĪͳҾͲţСӻܶùϴ󣡡


212 ˼
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ЩˣƽҶƶҪҾǼ߲ټҶƣҲǲĿ̸֮
ɴ˿뵽Ҷڷ˼ݣҶƿ˵ȻǷ˼ˣڷ˼ȴźܴӰ
˼еκˣҲǲ׵Ŀ
ϴа÷ϴ֣һ
ÿ˶㣬ǷϴִҲһĪתͷؿһۣ漴תͷߡ
ᡢ˵ʲô
Īϴ˵Щʲôô껹ãȻ
С㣬ⱿϴǴС㣬ⶼ벻ôһλ΢Ц߰ɣ漰С飬ɶǻ÷ϴģٺ٣
Щ쵰ͷôȥϴ⣬Ҫ÷ϴ֪ǺֹʱϽ⼸뿪ˡ
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Ů΢ЦĿַһۣͻȻֵ
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ַǲȻ졢أŮʹֻҲޱȣŮӶȻֻһۻӶƮƮǧ򻯡
ַƵôһʱ䣬ǲԼʹõĹǡ¡žʹ˱飬Ȼ޷
ʱַҲ΢΢ЩŭˣʩչߵٻСǰҪָСô
Ǻǣҷ˼壬һؿˣǧ⣡ֻ˼ͻȻ۲ɷЦСˣ
δ˵ֻ꣬ǰӰһӰַǰ
ʱַӲҴˣ÷˼ƵĲ㽫̵ʹˣ
ַôҲû뵽壬ȻҪԳֿˣҲ̫Сİɣ
֪ǲֻԼ
̼Уַʹ̨˫ֽŮԹأŮüһַ̽һС
ַֻһӿѪڣֱ͸д󺧣æʱˣʯϻ࣬ˡһײϽϡ
ַһͷĿѣѪſ
ŮӼ裡˾ͿˣҲ̫Щɣ


213 ϴ
ĽŮջֻƾճֵˣ˻üͷ΢壬ƾֱ
һ棬ƺ;ַ΢Щ֮ɺδ죬ȴ˵̽һȦȴûκεĶҲûҵʲôõϢ
̲ס̽һǰСӣʵȥǿǲȴǹܣԼԭΪʮþȵһȻ˹ȥ
Ȼղһ̽û̽ʲôõϢҪٳ֣е㲻ˣ
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217 
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ַڿЦ䣬ԶһХԾ⣬ֻԶݶϣӰһǰһɳۣʱԶƬ֮䣬źӰѾƵýˡ
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226 ټ
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ӰȻǸɳǲҪͷһñ
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һӽǰҶƶһɸչУҶƸѹסˣҶ뵽ʱͱˡ
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ԾɰȴȻһתƵ࣬ɨ䣬䣬ĺˣײǽϣڽѪ
ַ΢һԾϣһЩַһЩʱ˸գĪ֮ʣַ࣬Ҫַ
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ַҲ𻰣һʱһЩǰ档
ɣʱǰ׹һҶͻȻַǰ棬俴ַһۣаһӣͽ˸ʵҲá
㣿Ҷƣַ沿΢΢鴤ڳЩĪЩΪģΪַҶƲӦó֣ķͷȴ벻ַǾʶ
ʱһԴӽ䴦̺Ȩַ̧ۿȥֻڷһϵϵһ˹
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ۼץԼȴû취ȣַƵĻصԷŮǷϾƲˣ糢ڣ㽫һԣ˼
ү˲ζôСʡ
ַ̾˿㲻׵ġ
ΪǸô¿Щġ
ַһô֪
̾˿ղүʱ˲⣬үǺŮǾʶ¶飬ɵϣҲܿŲǳĽ顣
飿ַһ󷢰ף֪ǲһԸˡ
ѾͷôԵ޹ܵ˼ɲΪѰַģһǼ֪Ǿ֪ҲǰΪԼҲûô
ַĬүôǶǺŮ⣬ȻˣүΪβֱȥ뷨Ӿأ
ֱȥַɻô
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227 
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뵽ַȾܣܳ˻²⣬ؿַڨڨصţǸ򣿡
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ȴҲԽţⷽ˹ַ࣬һײƱҪ¶Լݡ
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һ·ַĸȵ˳Ǳڲһǰ˹ַæӰܡ
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ţӶҪ͹ˣҡУһҲ롣
𣿡ַ¶һ˿Ц⣬һżգŮ˻ֻʮ֮һˣһΣΪʲôҪð˼壬Ҫٲ˵ҿ治ˣҪ֪˼ЩӸǸҪ޳ܣܻ۸ŮˣŮ˺˯
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ַһ֣ҪӭУһŭߣһȵĪƣ


228 ֮
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ڷϵŭ쵰ΪŮˣѵڶҪ𣿡Ҳˡ
ĪƳĬһŻ˵һ飬ͳȫǰɡ
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Ķֻ˫ȭսǺҰұһ
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ԺĲˡַһЦ֣Ծ˷
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㻹׼ȫˡ
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ַɽһˣҲ˵ء
ɽ±һξ룬ʱַͻȻ˫ָ㣬Ȼ˲־Ʒַ
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ַѲܶˣҲסַôҲû뵽ʱ֡
ȴȫҲżЦǵδˣţԺÿҪһٴΣһβ࣬һβ٣˵ô
ЩͻȻһʧϴξ˵ֻҪ䵽УͲ
ҵ뿴ܽôַЦЦϴΣҺǵãӴͷţϸϸһطû©һΡ
סڣӶøˣҲǺ͸ƻ˵һ䡮סڡ󣬾վ˵
ַգ۾ֻ̾м޸ˣҲգҾͳԵȢˣ
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229 Ѫ
ҧ޻˵ҾͶˡͻȻתͷŵҲɷģˣҲ޸˵ġ
ַüҪЦȴʵЦǵЦҪޣ죬ŮˣŮˡ㾿ǴǱ
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˻⣬Ҫ˵ĻôŵذףַŴȥ
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ŵ˵˵
ַ̾һо仰ҪתµˣǧҪŮ˵䲻ҪŮƼбҪɱŮˣǧߵԽԶԽԽԽá
ǾҡͻȻϣʹʹŵôأôأ
ַ㲻ҪջɱҰɣ㷳գˣϣҲܿˡ
˵ţ۾ȴһֱ͵͵ȻԽԽģַȴԽԽ⣺ԸŮ˵ķӣ֪ˣֻҪܴģ½пˡ
֪ڵʱȴʹһԾ𣬷˿ƵǰܣҲ֪Ҫܵȥ
ַĳԾţ㲻ѽǷ˼׷ô죿֪ҷ־㣿
е죬ȴˡ
ɽУ磬ôͣҲͬôãôվַȴһҲˡ
һջַ̾ѽַ˭⻹ǹԼ˭ҪŮˣͷȴñ˸ˣǻá
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ַһȴĬˣһӣַ¸ɻֻõΪʲôֻҪڷ˼ȡʲôƾڵΪǾ޿ܵġ
ͷҲ֪֮ȴò
ַ̾Ȼ֪ô㻹ҪⲻǷɵô
ַüͻȻ̾ʦأ˼ƣȴֻз˼ѪܾΣ˵ܲô
Ϊ˵ȡѪ𵤣ʦˣַһ㶣ʦʲôëѪǷ˼֮ô׵ȡġ
հΣͻȻ˵ǰʦһͬΣɲ;УȻ˾ɵˣɵǸʮɫʦΪҲ䵽У֮ڴ򶷹У˾ɵľֶڽһ˲䣬ͻγ̽ھŴ֮Уʱȡ
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ַвʦΪֺòʵô죬Ҫǵò𵤣ʦǱ
ҳʱʦһϢ˵ϸü̾ھǵõ˽𵤣Ҳ֪Ƿü
ַͻȻ̾ǻˣһΪʦȥŪŽˣῴˡ
ʲôŪ𵤣һַŪ𵤣գȲü˽𵤣ô˵Ҳ˸ͷæȥֻҪȡ𵤣һӸл㡣
лͲˣҵϲʵһģ㻹ȽϵĽưɡ
ãҪӦһƤ죬ݺݵһۣʾַҪôߡ
ַһ̾ŻУ˵һһҲУֻЩԺ˵㻹ҵĽƣ뿪ɡ
һ⻰˫ӣַϵĽơ
һȥַʱ˸Ȼ̧űߡ
ô㲻ȥȡأ÷˫üһµɫƭˣ
ַһǰЦ˵Ƿ˼ѪǷڼ֮ڲأŷ˼ϲأһû˵ܴǰѽ𵤵
ȴһƺ⣬صȻ֪ǲܣȴǹͷԣ࣬ȥǸ֮
̫߿ˡַƤ΢죬Щ˼ʵ㣬Ҳȥǵ𵤣ȴҪ
Ҫɵ˭Ҫ


230 ·С
ַбЦҪͲҪˡ
üȷҪ
ַ˵ͷٷ֮ʮĳɹʱˡ
һַ꣬һȣǰȥɾʱԶϸ΢ַ֪ѽĿȥ
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СӣӲҲûˣڽӡĪ˴˷޿֣һִ֣֮¶Թ֮ɫ
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ߣĪǸҲɫ䣬ŭߡ
ԭĪˣԴϴαַʹһ٣һֱģҪҶƲ棬Ҳ޿κΣֻ׷ַ
ͼڷ˼ܷµ£ץסѱȴû뵽ַһͳţֱǰǾñʱˣһ·ٶ
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ŭĳ졭
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ô죿ַռ䣬ͻȻҰٰ˵ֻҲŹˡ
ǿֻôˣַһݣǰ죬˵ĪԱߵǿôᶯֻ֣ҪCסǾͿɣɱˣԸˣֻҪҶƸ֮ǰɱǣǿܾû£
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ܲҶƸϵ֮ǰɱˣǾȫƾˡ
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˵֮䣬ǾĪԽԽʱĪһӣ˳ӭ˹סȵǻ翹ɣ
ַٶȲֱߵǰסŲַɫ˵֮£ǶȻץסˡ
ĪĿַһۣԹ˵Ȼ
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231 ɱ
ҶģַЦһǿ¾·ˣЦЦ״ʵҶʲô
ô֪
֪áַЦǺǵصͷתؿһۣϵЦʧͬʱְ׹һ콣Ȼ֡
ǲһٵ飬͵һλ콣ͬʱתδ־ȫһ
ǲΪͻƵǶ壬ҲǼӿˣ
һͬһ㣬˲̴˾ַһ˵ĺ
н֮ˣδʶõʱɤһƬŴͣ뷢кһֶ²ʧȥƽ⣬浹¡
嵹أַһ콣ţݣżʬؿڣֱӴͷԾļˡ
ȻѾʱ׼Ӧֵַ󷨣˭û뵽ֻǶ̶̼첻ַΪȻͻˣٶ֮ϴΣӹ
˵ǣַԼҲţԼǶ󣬾Ȼ֮ǰȫĲͬھǽ֮ҶһսҲǳġ
Ȼֻģսսʤȴû˼Ѹնɱһ˺ϻԻãȻʱַ콣˿ĨǵĲҪ
ˣַ⼸˵дֱĪ
ˡ嵽ĪǰʱѪŴ˵˽ǺϣɺѪһźƮڿС
ַˣ˴󷢣Īһ׹Գ߳塣
ʣ¼ֻͷ飬аһͷĿ׷ͶĪ
Īϲ¶ɫȴΪ죺ٱ̬ͬǻǿߣɱˣŶԣĻƣ
ƽƣΩͼܣʱԣʱ֮ززԺͼ㡣
ַ˼ĿоⱩǣĪĪ״ַЦƹĪһ˵
Īһȣ߲޵أַͷһĸ޸ͣɱĸǿߣǻǿ߲ɰ쵽ѵ
뵽һ뱨ˣҲȱסԼҪ
Ŀһץס˹۲ַһӣЦվʹ˽ҹҶѿ쵽ҾͲˣڣ
˹ôҲû룬ĪĻὫԼųӳȥһʱʧɫҪ֮ʱַ콣ѻĲӣĪȥѾ󲽣ֶȥԶ
ⲻַ֪ΪȻǸ߳٣ҪװնɱǣҲǲܣڣƵƵɱгɹȫƾǲʤ
˷һٶģʱַڻѲľĪֻԼӴĦƽ⣬ַɱˣȴǺĵﻹ
Ȼַȡʱ䣬㲻ǲҲܽ¡նɱһɾͲ֪ҪѶ೤ʱˡ
ַҲû뵽ǲһȻôķѻɱ˺󣬾Ȼʱ׷ɱĪôҲû뵽ģֻùʲʱߡ
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232 Ϻ
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ʱȥϺѧԺ;УҸᣬûߡ
һַûעԼæԼסȥǰţַ˵Ӹһɴסף㳯Ǵȥ
ַٴεﴫǰʱֻһϹûһˡ
ȥκʦ£ԵϺѧԺҡʱַͻȻͷ
ߣϡȥˣ὿һƲͷ
㣿ַűǿЦһ£ٶ˵˴У³֣ͣ
ʱϹǣַӰâȻӰ
һﻹ飬Ȼ˵߾ˣĿһۣе㲻ζ
ߣһâţַһİĵطһ󷨣ַͳܴһۣ˶ڵ̧ȥ
ʲôȥˣôڲŴ͹ôһˡַһԪ̲סʵ¶֮ɫ
㻰࣬ҲֻһᣬͽиݡݺݵԪһۣһŵһһҫĿĻƹ
Ƭ̺󣬴һԶԶͬһâ
ˣһϲæתַ˽߰ɣʾˣʽʼǵϺѧԺ֮ðɡ
ҪôַȻüͷʣȴһϲãǰΪµˣȻھߣǾûǰ뿪һʡ鷳
ͷһַ꣬㵱ǰȥ
Ҷǣݵַ֣һۣҲ
ɲ֪ΪʲôַǴӺԪĿвһ˿޵ĵͲмʮơ⣬ԼǰûˣӦûʲôطһǡ
ڣҶơݶˣЩ⡣
ַ֣͸Ҷݶ˵øС
ȷ˼ҶԼĴַܿԪ
ɽ£һ޴ɭ֣ҹ̸·һʮգ·żּЪϢָ
һգڱɽµɭ֣ǰȥԶԶĿԿԶظ̲ϵһӴʯǳء
ԶһɽϸǳԵΰ׳ޱȡ
Ԫǰ棬Զ̲ϵĳǳأʱ¶ϲɫͷЦǺǣãǰճˣЩ죬ҪˣճЪϼգ·㿴ô
Ϣʲô·һۣͷҲ̧ͷ
⣿ڱؾܣԪʱеЩѿֻÿҶƣ΢ЦҶӣôǷҪϢ
һֺɣͽҶƣʱôҶЩˣ


238 ٰ
ҶƻͷһۣЩ·Ҳͷͬˡ
ַͬûһҲ֪֮ں档
ҶΪҶֵÿݵַͬ񶼲Ҫ
ԪȻдܳסַȥΥҶƵ˼
ڳֻΪַЩ򱧲ƽһ£ֱӾճס£ЩγУСɫҲеһԱôϡ
ѣҶҲűӣַʾһ£ַʲô뷨Ȼֻõͷͬˣɾͷ֮ʱҶͻȻһ·ҪСԪܻᰵ֡
ҳַ֣ĿҶƣû뵽ҶͦϸĵģȻע⵽Ԫ쳣һ϶Լ֡
ܲ£ǼһΪʲôԭ򣬻ҳ֣
Ҷ˫ַԺ󣬷һۣûе⣬ֻΪѾͷѾͷڷ˼ڵĽɲ٣ԪеһкøУϹӶܿСȻἵ㣬ԺҪСˡ
ΪԴˣַֻܼĬԶʧ
Ҷƿ˳ĬԵַһۣԴ£ûжκɫаͷһȻ쳣侲꣬ԺܿԼһǿĶ֡
ǳȥʱ;ԽһЩɽ϶룬ճʱɫȻ谵ǳعȻһɽ֮ϣնʡ
źһ¥Ŀջۡ
Ԫеþƺò˾
Сһӿ߲Ц˳ϵƻ
ַۿȥֻ߰ˡ
ڽһжŮԼĪʮ꣬ӥĿī۹ֱǰȫޱ飬ֱ߷һں˿ң֪ʢź
ŮȴӰһ廨ȹ̬ȡ
λ͹ۣСˡСһ״ɺӣЦСѩ
С򿪺ӣһ˵ľʱַıǿףϸֻװһ͸ѩֻϣȴֲϸ̡
ȻʧЦǡѩ̱ôȻѩķ
ַһ㶣ûֶǴ̶ġѩ򡯣ǲ֪¿ڡ
Сɫôԣַѩ̱㶣æ֪ѩݽмۣһһ𣬿ǹˣԿɱڡ
ŶַŴﶼԼûŪԷǰǲ硣
ζĲŶ
ַһᣬˮ󣬲ŵҲôϲǳ԰ɡ
治ԣҶƣҶ΢΢Цģû˺
һЦһֻѩ̱һ£˺ʼӨӣʰһţ˱֨֨
ţóԣۣȼǿˣֻϧ˵㡣ɨ󣬶һĿɿڴ
ַЦԭѾͷǰдԣܹ֮ƣ±˺ʳ̰ԣԼǰеһˡ
ֻһĿС㣬ҪûԹҼ⻹У
ַĿȥɿǸӥĿתͷЦԣܽУʶҵġ
ֵϢַӣͻȻһ˺صаһ㣬õ
ιӣΪʲôҪ뱾СԶѽǺӽе
ԵͷĿѩа㣬ϣһʱһ
٣ֻҶͻȻһ
ǣȴסһҶƣӹһ˿졣
˭ҪֻҶƻվ𣺡Ҫǣ˧ɱ֮ƵٰޣΪҪװһˡ
ȻʶңҲǱϵˡֻǺһâȻıһ˧Ща꣬ҶЦһ£Ǳϵһλ
һʣҶơ
ôҶһĿһâ
Ͳ֪ǲɱˣٵȻĻһ䣬˫Ҷ˹
ɻ֣Ҷ֪ǰٵĳ˫һ˾͵ôݽϹǣѲ˺һһ
һƿȫ޻ɣȴ񵶽ˣǹҶƮɣ͸ٵػӰնͷ
ѪɱôٵЦԭµҶ֣Ǻǣѵٺúûᡣ
ҲСҶЦ


239 ֮
ҶǱȰĳƾ˿ˣҲ̫˵ɡ⻰һ꣬ͻȻһ˫֣кâһȵˮ£
ʽһջڵĹ߶ʱ䰵еⶼðеǸ֮С
Ҷƣڳ֮˽Աɫ
ôҶɫ̧һɨҶ£
ջڵоͰһɸߣڰлһѿ
䣡ˮ䣬ֻóһƬƬıҶܴʱջޱȣЩҶѤĹâ
̧ͷпȥֻˮҶ⳯
һʱȻҲǵ͹ҶˣоۼѾõĺ˳ȥ
ءءء̶Ϣʱ䣬ǧıҶײžл䡣
еƸ粻ɡ
һʱѷʤַҡͷͻȻˣʲô񣿡˵䣬ĿⲻʱǺֶֻ꣬ȴƺԵҶƵıҶһš
ʱǹĿַβŵ㲻֪ʲô񣿡
֪ôַĵ磬Լ֪Ķúȥˣ
Żشֱ׳ַһŵ񡷴½ѧԺƳģ¼ʮڣİš
ֻаַһȣ½ų˿ڣвż¼һˣԹԣ˼صĶЩʲô¸֮ӡ
ŴеҶƣַͻȻһҶڰŵڼ
ôַ֪һ۵ϵֻǱ֪Ƹ˼Σû˵
ʱͻȻЦһƱƿҶƣվŮǰȻҡȵһʱʤѷ֣վͰְɡ
Ҷƻû˵ȴǲеιΪʲôˣС㻹ûˣհٵǲҷƸ磡
ٺ⣬΢΢Цҿ˳ͦģֻ⻰˵ҪȻʮȫʮˡ
ѽȻҹС졣СƢнеƸ磬ҸһͷԺ󻹸Ҳ˵
ݰҪ֣
㣬û֣зƸ̬֡ᡣ
ַһҸ㣬¾ķƸҲڶʱȡʤ
ôҲţСɫϴοʵҲҪͷƸһϣˡһᣬ뵽˺⣬üЦ
룬ҶҲҶ֡±ӣַЦҶƺεȰ֮ˣԶһ£Ǿģ
ʱֻһֱû˵ԪһӥãԽӣٹȥ
³ͻȻ˭Ҳû뵽ԪͻȻ֡
ۼûóɵľĵȴ΢΢һЦָֻ΢ָӰؿڻ
ԪԾ֮УͻȻһѾһʵԼ߳һأҲӦ״̬Ϊ棬Եͷͺˡջһ빥ƣֱ̧𣬱Ϊצץ١
еɲǣָͻȻţâԪֻ͡һƾʹæȺߡ
ٰ棬ƮƮϣԪ壬ȥһ죬ѹ÷顣
һֻѪףѪŭ
Ʋֻ֣û뵽Ȼͦջһʵܻмܡ
Ԫ䤱ղżҶԼУҲӦԣȴǲ룬ʵʽ֣ȻôĲ࣬Լ;ֻƶָ͸ˡ
ԪľѨλȫ÷סˣڹ޷˳УűƵõС
Ҷ֣ڣһбԪҶһۣԵŮӣһسɴһ㣬Խһࡣ
ôԪ˴ϾŹסаâһȻѻ˻˽λһӭ
ס֡ҶƽкУԪֻǰâζɭɭֱƹϼʱˡ
ҶƷϵ֪赲Ѫʽһٱ
Χκԡ
Ҷƣٲ˿⣬΢н
У䣬һ֡
ԪһѪʮһӵл㶡
ҶٶŶ޷


240 ҹӰ
벻㻹ʵҶƻ
㲻ҲԼеʵԼĶǰûʲô𡣡ҶһۣҲŮ߳ջ
ҶӣȥԪԹڲȡԺһ󻼡
Ҷ¶һ˿ΣŰԱߵŮˣҪɱˣ̸סֻ̾ⷽˣѵΪԱߵŮˣÿĻƿôǵİ£һҪߣҲסΪ˽𡣡
ʱҶƵ֣һЦ֪ҷ˼ʲô
˧ɱ֣˵ʲô
˵ɱ˵ģԪˡ
ɱˣѵɽˮôҶ
¶ȵƸ磬ô֪ɱ˵ģǷ˼ĵ̣ѵɱˣ
ٺ٣ɱɱˣʲô˼Զȥ˰٣ҶһһصҲδػǷ˼塣
˵һ䣬ҶƻתӦòɱ˼ˣ㵹ǿԷġ
ŶݻعͷǾͺá
ַֻת¥ȥͬʱֹʱ㾡ܲǼ£Ҳܻɻġ
ַͻȻ˵ôĪһ仰ﶼ֪ƣֻҶһ㺮âҲ˵Ŀ䵽ַϡ
ַֻνҽҲǿԱûʵ
֪ĲٰͻȻҶַ𣬡ѵͲɱ㡣
ɱңַ￩һ£Ӿ͵ЦΪС£ǲֵģΪ֪ģԶеĻҪࡣ
Ŷһ٣Ҷƽŵ㻹֪Щʲôȫ˵ˣڲ˵Ժֻûˡ
ӦϢˣԺ£˭˵׼ˡַҲͣڴ򿪷ʱŵҰ֣棿
̾˿˽ȥ
ߣСɫ˵ЩʲôôһҲŭַķ䣬˰ΣҶƣڴЩʲôգ
ûʲôϢ绹Ҫ·ˡҶƵһЦ¥µ۾
ԪгŵĻɸĵСˮķ䣬Ҫϴ˿ڡ
ҹб繳ҡ
һиİžֻмԶż˵˵̫Ϣ
ɹĴϿտյֻɫбб䵽ߵǽǣӳһӵӰ
ַһȴ̽ͷ˳ˣƮ¡
䵽ϣһ죬ͷһֹѾͷҲ̫ðʧˣ촦ȥ»£һӰš
ߣڳˡӰһŴܳȥ
ַʱȸϣһ·ʲô
˭ˣֻ˳·ѡһӰܵøˣڹ¡ˣģһСģ±ٰסһͷԽǰСӹ
ˣˡһĻַпࣺˣѾͷĸԣԼùѪͷ
һ󣬼ַѾ뿪кԹһᣬַûģΪ׷һξ룬ֻûиϡ
ֻȷؼң˭Լؼҵ·ַߵͬ·Ҹɵǻַǣ־ϲһ·һֱβǺ档
ַҲǽڽйʱԲҹԾһٶ
ַδʱﲻסˣˮϢེˮһַģ㺦ģ
ַĻع˸սЦţӦòҰɣԼû·Ŷ԰˵ˡ
˭˵ˣҪ׷һ𣿡ͬһֻǱޱȣһ˫üŭŵףףʲô
ʱˣ㷢ʱǿɾͳˡַֹԸֲǲ˽⣬û¶ϲҲ꣬ο£ǻˡ
˵ʲô⡣
ûʲôûʲôַæ˵˵ѩƽ⣬ΪС½ƽϣһһĺŮ
仰˵òüЦ˵վű𶯣лҪ˵
˰ɣл˵ˡַתΪϲٷҲɾʱǰһѻ˹


241 ֮
ԴˣַæͷͶ㣬ɾʱֻҪǸҶ㣬Ժ󶨲ˡ
Ͳ㲻ǿܵġַȻһ٣һ뵽ѾͷûأԼվŲָʲô࣬û˵˹ȥ
Ķ㣿ַȫԼĸܣһʱʹӭٴγ˹ȥ㱻
뵽Լ䵽ˮУַοԼйȴĴ϶ԼԽԽһڵϣޡ
ͻܵ𾢵ַ㶣ûϵУֻ޵ʣ߿ޱ˵˶Ǻöֻ۸Ůˡءʦ֪ءһ㲻úأ
ˣˣˣַ޵ò֪룬Զߵǰͬ׳ʿҰҲˣɣ
ߡСѾͷ˵Ĳˡ
׳˵һַһͦȻ
ãԼ˵ġһ˿թӣʱһ飡ȭ䵽ϡ
һᣬͻȻݺݵס⣬Ÿ״
ַҧҧʼûг׳ʿˣͬʱпࣺСѾͷҲǲ飬ԶŵģҲô
Ǹоַڲ˰Ӻɿˡ
ŵͷַҲɢˣҲˣӦÿ˰ɣԺҪǺˣҶСӿǵģòҲܱϢҪӳ˼壬ɾ鷳ˡ
Уһ£ǲϺѧԺԺҡ˵һ죬ֲ֪˵ʲôźá
ʽʲôַͷѾͷеְ
һᣬͻȻһԹɫַϵ֣ЦǲҲҪϺѧУȥ죿
һ£ַô϶ֻú˵ͷַҡͷɾ鷳ˣѧԺУǿ̣ºѽȥ
һҪȥ
ΪΣַôһ˵ɵۣѵϺѧԺôˣѾͷҡ
뵽ַһתóѧԺĽЦȻôϺѧԺǺã㡣
ңһᣬַеĽ㽫ңô죿
ٺ٣а취ַ϶УȻֵĿܲ˵˵ΪʲôôҪϺѧԺ
⣿һᣬŵܲԺٸ㣿
ʲôԼϹҲ˵ַ΢ЦĿɼǵãϴ뿪ʱҶ˵ĻôڿŶ
ͻȻַ仰ɫȻ죬åҲŲŮˡ
ַЦүǱãѵ䲻㡣
ߣ۹⣬ɲеǿ۹֣ŵˣҪˣѪͻȥһȥϺѧԺģϣʱƾԼı½ȥˡ
ġַЦûգҾͲὫˡ
СĴ˶ƤַһۣԶڰȥˡ
ǲҪƤźðŮǰʳԣǼӵĴ¡ںڰеӰַЦ±ӵǹѧԺ룬ѵôѣ
̾Ϣһſջȥɾ͵յջſʱͻȻɫһ䣬æԱߵݶԾȥϢ
ֻӰ˳һǰһ󣬼ϻһˣһĻַü壬ڳ֮ʱƺ뵽Щʲôͣ
ȻܣԼֺαֿԣǹҲܣ䣬㲻Ӱ
峿
ҶƴӷгɨһۣȻһףԪأ
ַеѩ꣬ҡһҡŵӦ濴ճɡճܺÿô˵꣬ջ̧ͷȥʱЦãֻԪڰգͷ˸ֶŻգ˿Ȼʲôַ
һЩΧ֮վԶЦֲЦ
ҶƣСնҼǸССͷһӰ˲ƮջдЦϵĽƣһ弴ɣٺ٣Ҵʺãڡ
ԶȥӰҶҡͷĿһƳַʾȥȣַ΢΢һЦֱԶȥ;Ц߶ͣԼһ°ɡ
㣿ҧҧһƮɽȥǽ⿪µأָԪĶͷ˭֪Ԫһ̱ڵϡ
æҶƵƸ磡


242 վ
£ҶƸԪǰһ㣬ԪԾ˼ۣף٣Ҫɱ㡣ޣ׷ɱȥ
վסҶһ
Ԫ˻ЪؽеٰҹһҹҪ𡭡
죡Ҷɨһۣ˵µΪֹɱܲίԣҹط˼壬ҪԺϺѧԺٶۡݵ֣Ȼתǰȥ
Ԫ˴һ˿ݣǾԲ˵ģίûܹǰڷ˼ʦ谮û˸ûܵκ˵ĳ
Խ룬ԹԽ࣬Ҷֲҷйã̧׵۾૵ˣԺԺһҪһԾβҶƶȥ
뿪ճǣַǰһƬ޼ʵĹϴ֡
ʱմ𣬾Ŵ˸оޱȣַһˣҶƵָʾ£˽Ųé®ľǱУɱ뵨ӡ
峿ڣǰͻȻһСϪһϲЪЪţٹͿͨƬ֣챪ˣʱͣ£һ£ͨ챪塣
СϪڴѴɼףַһˮĻɤţһӹȫ˵̹
Ľл£Ԫ͵𣬶ַȥ׽
ʮֻʵϴɾ󣬱㷵˻տ
һ˱ǣϳ˼ַ׿ʹᣬԾʰľҧһڣЦζǲһֺ꣬ݺݵҧһڡ
ͻȻ䣬ַͷҶȥҲ¿⣬ѸϨһԾ𣬺ȵ˭
һƬžż޵ĵûκ쳣ȴӾ裬ղųһɼΣյϢȻ˲伴ţôﶼˡ
ҶĿ⾼ȫ䱸ӦչޣƮƮѱʮﷶΧȴһ񣬡ѵǴԲǡѵƾ磬ޱȣŻеġ
ҶƵʾ£ַƮһôԪݼ˺ϳһƣֹͻҶվڳ룬ϢԼʶΪ㲻߹ԼҲԼԶֻԲӦ䡣
ԽԽߣ¶ҲͻȻ䣬ҶƹһЦַЩŹ֣ʲôһ꣬ȥ
£ַ˴Ҳȥֻǿĵطݣ̲סô£
꣡Ҷ˸Ķɫرء
һַߵߣСʵصж
Ҷգգ۾ֽ£˲ʧַʾҾ䣬ſ棬ȻϣԼɳɳƺǧڱƽ΢΢
һҶƺȻܣ
죡ַһԾȫǰȥȻҶƶҪܣ֪²һеɢˣ
ɾʱڱеԪȻ˽ŲЩҶӣ㿴Ƕ
Ҷһӣʾ漸ǰעĿʱһԶĵڲԼͻʮӼ
ǰ죬ҳֿСһ㡣һ꣬ҶѪʽΪâЩ
ˣһ죬âݺ룬͸
ɾʱˮһ㣬ЩҲƺתһ޴Ķơ
ô£ַľ
ܺȻ̡˲һӲĺɫʯ塣
ҶӹЩʯȻѣڵ㣬˹գ̺ǿÿһڵ㶼֮
淢һĲҽУһžƾը죬ɭоþûص
һԼͬͣ£žʧŴͣƵģָŵһƬڿ̿֡
£ŵĹâеһڲǲһֺɫֳ档
ǺȻߣǼ̵ڵ÷չŶԸţȥٶȿ磬һš
Ҷۼֿ죬Ľһ֣Щֳ;Ϊҽ
ͬһʱ䣬ɼϵĺȫ嶯ˣ˲䲼ռ䣬ǵأڣ޿ײ룬һֳĺȺУɽХư硣
ȥ죡׳档ûʱϸ˵ҶƵϣѪʽǧâǰ񱼣Ϊ￪


243 ۵
׳沢壬Ҳ׾ˣǧһӿϣȴֲ֮ɱɱģһǲϣ
һ֡ܣܶԶ͵ܶԶ
ַķӦҲǼ죬һ˦콣֣ɵһƬ溣һ·Ȼչǲǰȥ
Ԫƽ죬ֳһƬɫԻζóۼ׻סȫͺһ˳ȥ
ڽǺ棬ʩһ裬һܲ͸Ļ׳֮С
׳ֹҶʩɹѪʽ·һ֧ɫͷ񲻿ɵ׳汻ʵ÷ǣڳ溣İΧ
˳һֹͣǰҶַʹ˸ɫҪɾ裬ַһݣչʶ쿴ܱߵĶ
ԪðƽҶưʾ£ǰȥ
ҶߵǰΣչȥˣ
ڵϣ֪ڰֹЩʲôַ߽ˣ쵰棬棬Сˣ㣬
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û˵꣬ҶкһѪʽѾǺԥȥ
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ЩʣµУѾЩɫףп죬һľ˶ţƺʲô
ַͷʱһۣתȻƽڣǿԸҿԱ֤ϢˣտԻ
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һǰһ·̣˼֮󣬱дԶɽֱȥ
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ˣһҪǵķѡԪУûԵÿͷڼȻѾĿϾôˡ
ǰǽٷˣжԶҪ·㳢ǵζ
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245 ɱϷѨ
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ڲˣһ˴ĹɽɱˣַѣһҪŪףҶƵΪʲô


246 նɱ׷
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вͱһˣʣ޲Ȼˡ
ôǵԸѾַ֣Ӷݣӽϡ
޿ӣŭִַ߳Ҫֳֿȫʩչַ֮ܣҲҴ⣬ؽһȦ
ŽϵǲһȰƵһòĻǿߣжĺܡ
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ַ˿ڣͻȻɫ΢䣡
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⣬ʮسʿüͷһ壬չʱȻΣЩҲֻһ棬ƲӰ


248 
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ַǮȫ޼˷֮ɫ֣Ҫ֪ȻʱڱһöҺҲַ죬ô޶ԡ
һᣬַϻĪǶǮƿñȽϵˣ΢΢üһʱ޴ӱ⣬˿ݱȡһ˫꣬ҪЮˡ
ַЩһۣͷۿݽҪͲڣæĶԲá
ԣ׷״㵲ѣַֻѵеЩô
ʲôģܲ˵׵㡣
ҿǵĹˡԪһ˿м
ַ˵һ壬ʱ䣬ôҲûпˣǿܣǣУ˵Ӱô˵ҾҲеɣԴŵĿˣô̬ȣ
㲻Ҫ˵λˣӦͬķģ΢΢е㲻ĵַһۡ
𣿡ַЦһ˷һˤ֭ɢЩжʱʮֳ棬ɫ͸һ·϶ʱð̣͡Ǿ綾֮
ɫңһ뵽ղҪַֹЩпܾͽ뵽ˣʱһļƤ
Ҷɫ΢תȴ¶һ˿ЦһҪ
ԪһޣȥϾȻ׾͵ˣл޻ֻˢһӾӦŻƣȥˮɵһƬ
ַδ˹֮£һǰȴϽһ¿㡢һʰʪתһŻ£鲼ֳֹ棬æӵ˵ϡ
ģ֮ҶͻȻһȣַһæˣ۽⵽һѩԼԭأƱһ˫֮ϡ
ͻȻǰ׹һҶѷϵ뷢ǵ˶һ
ɾʱľꡯһ죬̶׷£ַ̧ͷȥҶڼУͻȻ죬ɫأǿյģСˡ
䣬͸ַȻб׷׻ɨЩµĺ׷׻˿
ľ飬Ӱײǽϣһǽײһ󶴣ǶӰֻһ㼴
ַδţкȻ֮ʵʲôˣûȴʹʽ˵У
Ȼ٣Ҳ׹֮ڵأԣ㿪ڵЩ˶壬Ҳǰеһ壬ղõľ֮
壿ַɻôû˵
ⲻ֣ȻҲǰ֮һǵȴǼ٣ٻڴ½߶˳һЩһ˸֪Ĵڡ˵һԣһ߿ųмˣһַ˵
ַûȫͻа׹һҶơ
Ҷƴһܣ̤е⣬һ죬ڽڴϣҶ˫ֱֱذߣټᾹһ£ﴫһҺߣһӰԾ磬ɱȥ
ַ׷סҡͷ׷ˣЩһıûУ·ıȴʵһУԶ׽ǵġ


249 Ҷ¶
⻰ַֻõ£ͻҶһ㣬Ѫ˱ǣʱֻһѪģʬ壬ʬ֮ϣһ۴Ӷ
ղйҶƵˣȻܵһһȴҶƵС
Ԫһۣ̲סŭЩĻ쵰ô֣Ҷӣ֪ԭô
ַҲɻϸʣҶѵ·Ͽ鷳ˣˣʽĺܣȻǶˣﶼСĵɡ
˵ԣﶼַֻµЩʲôҶһۣôһ壬ܷϸ˵һ£ԺˣҲӦԡ
΢΢üͷһᣬŵ˵ҶҲô˽⣬ֻ֪ǵʽǵһЩͬΪǿԪػǻſˮ𡢶ܵľܣҲ϶ûʱ˷ʤ
ϻ壿ַ΢΢һͻУеСģﻹһˣһ꣬һߣӿգԼһһ˾
Ҫתֱַǲһһǰһţϡ
ӳʹ֣Ʋֻһӱأϼȣ΢̶ʹ̣ϰعһײݽǵľƸϡ
δҶƣ˻ǻơǿߡк䣬ѪȪӿйð˳ͻȻתͷַ΢΢еɻĶ˫ηҵġ
ַ΢΢ҡͷҲв⣬ղ֮־ٶȫΪϵСͻȻʾҪȻҲɷﻹһˣֻ̾ǸֻĿˣΪҲ˵
ʹתۣҶֳֳѪ˳Žе䣬ɲЦҶưɣڵΪɱҲ㱾£Ǵǰˣһ꣬ϷɫңͷһᣬѶ
һĴ쿴һᣬ޵ˣڵʬ͵طˣѰһЩԵĶҹ
ù򶫣ֱӳ˳ǣ;˶ɫ䵭һԲǲǰ滹ĪΣڵǣַ룬ӦöףЩ˿ܼҶġ
˶ûгڵƣһΣǲ뿪ҶƵģԪҶƵİƣҿڣַȻûЩ˼
ʱѾɱһˣЩŭԼԼһ뿪»ӵΣգ˶Ըղų֣Щڣʱ֮£֣ʵڱԣ뵽Ҳ޿κˡ
ʱйǲܴˣ
˳ǣҹʱ֣ѰһѨ
ҶãͻȻڵӦǳģ˭ȥҾ⻰һ꣬۾
ԣ˶΢΢һԪ֪ģ壬飬ʱ˿̾ȥġ
һۣһģ˵⻰еġ
ԪЦС⻰ζЩԪʱ֮£
ˣҪˣȻԸȥһԺг̰ɣַͻȻϵҶƣܷ˵£ЩΪʲôҪɱ㡣
Ҷַۣһ۲ű׻ҵĹϴδѩĹУɱ׻ҵЩȻʲôֵġ
ԭ׻ҵˣһΪ챪ˡַҡҡͷЦ⵹ã챪û׻ҵ˵ˣȻ֪˽ΪλҪɱأһ˿Ҳа
ҶƲ˼ѿڱЩɫޱȣʱŶŹɱ񲻺ˣǵĺ̨ٿʮ£ҶҲš
ʲôɱǾͽΪɣҶƵһﾪĿɿڴ
˵ǣҲ˵ǡҶվ۷ڱԶԶʣл΢΢һӳһڶڵӰͻȻ䣬͸һĪϢϢһ˿ĳ⣬˴ѡ
Ҷ벻ʹﵽƾ֮ӣΪʲôҲɢϢֵҲʲô˵²ɡ
ҶͻȻ¶Ϣֻ΢΢ü֪Ϊ¶һ㣬ͻȻҶȥַļϡ


250 ˮ
Լͷȥҡͷ
ҶƲһЦĵС׳գ㵱һȥôҲûôɵĺˡںڰݵ֣ס
⻰˵ĪҲǵɴ۾֪ٴʲôա
ҪѯʣԼǰӰһףæֻǵӰ󣬷סһþһ˼ӽ㿳һҽУǿþȻӦϣڵʱѻѪܵʬ壬棬֫Ť֮ɫ
ַоӤʾֻþеɣӳһ뾪ˣ˭֪ȻһһˣҲĿɿڴ
Ȼ죬ʣµЩ˱ַδ֪ı쾪ţתӵԶˡ
ҶҲԾ΢΢еɻĿַôǵģҪ뷢˵٣Ҳýȫһ㣬пֱܷҾһߣͬȾ磬Ҳû˿취ղžԵӣ΢΢֮£ȻҵһǱߣҲûв
ַһ̶֮ΣҳߵĲ֮˵һɺϣȻҲŵĹȥ˵ɺϣַþ˵ԼҲе㲻ˡ
˷һΪܲܽӤ˵ɣ˵ɻҲֻ˸ĬԶԣҲʱ֪ΣЩ˴αһؽû֮ͨǰһʱ
ʱ޹⣬ʣ΢һʼţ»һִʲôʯС
ڴҹȥҲ޶ۼɫȷЩͶˣʰһҪ·ҶͻȻ˵ǿ֪ɱˣѧʣޱɱգᷢΣղŸտʼǧ򲻿ɴ⡣
ԪڵվѿʵЩһ𣿡
ַһˣҲҶһˣν֣ҲӦ֪ɱˣء䲻⣬䲻ʵǾǱ֮ͬڵԪҲҪϲ١
δ䣬дһХӦַ֤ǷĻӰٿȻ絭̣ȥ
Ԫ亹ųΪһҹЩˣЩһȻǱһҹǼɵַҶƻڵʵǶѶˣԼǶʱ˵Ϣ״̬Ҫ
Щһ뿪ѰһɾյأˮԴʰַԪǸȥޣֻħޣħȴٵĿѰʮҲûҵһֻħ޵ټ
ֻôżֻҰҰûⲻôﶼ΢΢ЩʧϾЩħ޵Ѫⳤ꾭ϴӣζЩѪҰܱȵġ
ҺȻǴС㣬տˮƽȴ˴̾һܻǻѪΣѩӨ͸ɫԻ⣬ַҲǴʿˮѡ
ɾʱȻ䣬ӤףַһСģһæԾˮԣûϢ䣬֮ͻͻͻĴ̽ʮ˳ǹ
ãˮҲˡַһֻˮҲ̽ʮֱ֮ڡ
Щ˵Ĺתַ˶Ǵŭ
½ϵȫңȫԸˮеġһ꣬Ҷƴһǰ߬סһǹˣʹһУһӲǱק棬Ƿſǹˡ
ҶǾҶ㲢ãߣһ߿Ѫ꣬ص˳ȥ
ʱҶ½ϵЩһ֣ˮҲǻ죬ַһ㣬һͷˮУһ߻ɫһܣһ滽콣ˮЩԼĵ⡣
ϣˮд÷ݡԪû֮ҲֻˮǸһˮĺˮУα涵㹳ܲˮ΢΢
ʱ˲ŻȻЩһǰ½Ϸ뽫ǱˮУ׽
뵽Ҳ֣ڵʵӵ£һˮ෺𣬺ˮûǲ
ַˣЩˮҲ衣
ַڹĹ꣬ϰ˺ڰʱˮҲܶϤ΢סȫϢƹһǱεЩߵĺ󷽡
ʱݡԪ֮УУˮĴһΣסǵֻ㾳磬ʱȻ׽סǣʵԶǵķ£಻ԡ


251 ۶
ַͳǣ֮ߣͻȻɱ֣콣һһҪЩͻȻоһĴ̹ǣҪУˮڣݹð䣬Ѷ
Żңַ㣬϶;Ԫͳˮ棬ȻٻסݣǴڻΣҪϰ뵽ղһѺľɵĻ
ʱϰػһһ˼ԾˮȻָʵ˵ĬҶģ߶ͣȿŰɡȡħˣִȡЩҩУ˫£ȫָʵ
ȵַ׻ָʵһˮ棬ϵͻȻˮ춯ڣʱ׳ַ
ַһһϰʹǷƮקסһߵ㣬֮Լǰ棬Щ׷䵽ϣһѪģߣֽС
ٳֳ콣ҽ΢̧һһնɱˡ
ʣһ߶ֳϵδַ֣һչ֣ȻӶ콣ֵ֮֮նϣֽסϣҽвʱͻԣѪС
ַΧԼȫɱתһƣȴݱʮΧԪҲʮ߲ѲҶƸ뼸ʮѪսС
ۼǲַ֧æɱ˹ȥʮľ룬ת۱鼱֮£콣עɻԡʮնӲһѪ·ݵİΧ
ַļ룬ݶʱ֮ǰѹ˵ķ˾ʹĳ뻯
ԵҲ̫࣬лһЩﵽǾļһЩַһɱֻרСű֣콣ȥǣˡĹᴩСȣʹ֮ж㡣
ЩҲǿӲҽУҲתְγһȳһˣսԺ죬һǷ棬۷ڣʱΪһҡ
ַҲû뵽ѾͷȻԼϵôãһף콣һӣһǹ
תȥһӰɭ֣㱼ӡ
ߣַһ͵̤һ߾ȻȣŤʣǵӰֻӿһƣ֨ϸ죬һƣֻѪ˿ɢȻһѪ˵ϡ
ɱһ˺ȴܲʱðߣȥԭľǱ͵ϮǾ޽ų˶࣬Χһֻһ󣬺̲ϱʬ壬Щֶģ䲻ȴʧж֮ܡ
һʱ䣬ʮڵмʱʱҪɱַǲܣæ֮󼪣߼һܣǻҳɣܵĶˣֻһЩ˲еߣ׷ں̲ϰ
ַܣҲ棬һս˭ʤף֪һʽ½߲ͬǳƳ硰һУˡսҲ˵򲻹ܡ
ΪЩ˵벻ֻ֪ҪЩͻٴɱ
߶ߣԪѪӽĿ¶׹ĶڵϵЩ˲ߣһ˸ǲһ⡣
ַ΢΢һۣҲãĴȱδԺҲҪϡ̾˿ҲһۣȡħˣںҩٴλָԪ
ҶһѪʣͻȻЩ޴ɣٽ
һѪսɫ΢΢Щ԰ףһĻƸ磬ʲô
ҶƵ½ϲΣЩأľ洦壬һľ˳ˮУճ䲻֮Ч
⻰ĬĬ˵ͷѰ˼Ǹˮ·ֻҪԸǱˮߣЩľݵҲͲùˡ
Ҷƿʮôȥ֦ѾƿƤľã˳ˮ£Ȼ°빦ַʱ֪Σ۽һʱ
һʼţ»һִˮڴȥҲ޶ȷ·еͨϢ
˳ˮʮҶͻȻҪСˣΣҪˣǧ򲻿ɴ⡣
Ԫڵվˮɨѿʵе𣿡
ҶҡҡͷڻûУӦúܿ죬Ǿͻˣһ·ôƽЩˮ߶û׷ɱǣǵõָʾǳˣиǿǰˡ
ͷӦһҹ·ûжٺ۵ʱŮƣĿ¿ǰ;޾ʤã


252 Ϯ
ԪĿҶȥԾҶӴô죿
ҶƵЦ
ַЦôߣôôɱһһ
ݰһɱˣǽ֡־ӵ˼£Ҫǵò䷳ƣʱ򣬾ͳ־ɱ
ַüȴǰˮ·˰Σؽеˣǰ治Զиٲ˳ˮߣҪȥˡ
⻰˾ͷһݡ
ӦþǾ֮ˣЩ֮Բ׷ɱǣ֪иٲҲӲȥõĺá
Щͷﲻ˵ȴǲ֪¶ü۽ǣӿ
ʱַһվɨһۣЦЦ˵ˣ˾һʲôµģҪ֪֮·٣֮·˸־գֻǼɱ֣û֮ʱôˣ
Ԫɫǰɱǵǳ˻ǿߣҪԿ¾ǻǿˣ˼һжûסǲŽ˾ˡ
ҶͻȻ䶢Ԫһ۵ΪڵǿǴ·ôолڵǿߣҲᳬҪȻÿδӵľ;ԲǻǿˣҹܲˣҶȴ޾֣лǿ֣߳ƴһҲǵ£ӳȥġ
˵ǰͻȻ䡯ˮǵٲڴˡ
ҶƴĿַһۣط̤ˮȥ˭Ըҵģɣ
ݴȥ磬ȵҡ
ַһۣҲ㣬Ҳȥ
ַԪЦȥǲȥأһ꣬β˰
Ԫͷ֪Щʲô粻˰ΣַǵӰѿҪʧźݺһŽţҲ˰
ɾԪˣű˶ʮԶʱȻӺӵйһī磬˲佫ʮɵˮͬԪ˰׻ı
ϰݵһַ˺ݺݵȥ
ַ˶ʱˣ
ãˣбϵߣǴﵽ˻ƾ磡ҶƴһȫͻȻɢҵȣйҶϵĺ漯۵һ𽣺ӥ֮Ȼӭǵı
ȻУдһƺߣҶҲͬʱԷʮಽ
˱еһۣйҶǺһУԪƺһƱƮ˳ʮ֮⡣
ҶƲŶޱȵͳĵһλϣȻ棬֣ѵͲ˳Цô
ٺ٣пûţʹﵽ˻ƾ磬һ֣˭Ʒǡһ˿ɫӱд
ͣڱֳһһŮΡ
еİСݣһ飬Ůķȹɱ
ŮкãֻǻƳڵΪĿߣǻƶľ硣
ôǿҲΧ̫СҶĳ˰ɣҶ⣬ˣȻ
ˣôܣϴ˵㽫׻ҵүһ峤ϸˣôִ᷸˵ɱ˺Ҳˣ챪ͬ£Уһ챪һǿߣ֪Ķһ㻹ûȡʤͷЦ˵
ĸǿߣͷ仰ַһ
ĸոմӵԪ⻰һɫৡһ£Ѫɫ
һֱҶƣҲͬ΢¶΢΢֮̿ɫ
ַһУﰵףڵĸֵĶƴԶԶڻʵһʮڻȴһжҲ΢΢ЩѶȡ
ϴҶƾһܺõӣΪնɱǿߣȫʧôһڵˣָڼ䣬
Ҳֲʱɱǿߣһ¾ҪԼûʧǽڳвȫˡ
ڳֻڵĸֻˣǵİ£Ҷƿ֮ʤܾˣڿˣʽȫͬˡ
˵Ҫȡʤ¾Ҳˣ
ΪһʼѪսԷȫȳһǿߣ׽ַĳˣȻ֣ĶһնɱҶҲ׾¡
жףһʱ䣬΢΢Щˣ


253 챪
뷨δ䣬һ󼲷紵ӺӶ԰ɭзɳһӰҲ֪ֱ߶
Ȼ֪ǵӰǺЦ
ַȴģĺܣֻǿǵӰƮתƣĹһÿôƮɶ
ַԾǸʲôôڿзһתۼ䣬һȻѿڵڷɣȫûнľôܣ
ίʵ̫ˣַƵôҲҳòŲ⡢ǻǿߣ˵ֻлǿ߲շУɱõųֱ̬ô
üͷЦǰӰŲʲôǿߣȻշеİϷһߵһƼ붼ţ֪ԭɣ㲻Ϊˡ
ַһǻǿߣ˿ҲЩ˾ȻǻǿߣôܷУ
ϴѩĹûƸߵĸôֻǻǾ磬ҲԽĻж̾ķУӰܹ֮УҲΪĶɡ
ԭƾһܣ˶ԵУҲǴսˡַʱ˿̲֪ȻЩĽּ
ʱǵӰȻӽ˷ѩһ͸ķòȴͲ󣬿Ƿɴ˱Բ¼챪͡
Ϊƾģǰڼ塢ʲôݣǸصĶ
Ҷһۣһ٣ü¶һ˿⣬Ҷ֣ĲΪУκμҲѶΪ֮ˡ
ַԾҶʶ
ҶƿˣҲ΢΢һű̾챪Ĵ䲻Ƿ˼ˣȴǧ˿ƵĸϵټСӣעվڷ˼һˣΪյҵĶԹͲҪˡ
ַǵĶԻȻҶԺŲٵĶԹȴȻԸ֣üǷ˼챪徿ʲôޣѵܻô
ҡͷ챪Թͳƺܻ⣬ôܵһûˣݼʷȻΪأǼʼ챪ͨҲսҡ챪ĸȴҷֵͨڷĸ֣֮ټۻѪѪβܻ⣿
ַ챪ˣɱΪ˱ô
ЦЦһ˿ʣȻԱҲܣʲôأСɫҽ¶Ҫˡ
˲˵ô໰Ǳߵ˼챪ٳٲ֣һɲɵģǸϿ춯ֵĺãҹζ࣬޶˱ʡһ꣬вһţҹɫ֮С
һĻַֻǿߣһڰû뵱֣Էֱʣ˱ԲӦ䡣
䣬챪ߵҶǰͬΪǱϵҵȴҲվͽ֮ɣ֮⣬Ҷƾֻһ뿪
չÿС
УͻȻ챪ȫȻˣҲ͸
Ҷûгô˻ȥΪظо챪ˣȴȻϣһܵǿߣҲڵȴʱԷһ
챪ڿ˫붯в૵߶ʲô
һʱ䣬пһѺɫĺǹңңָҶƣʱڣ챪ѽԼΪȻ˶㡣
Ǳǹ˽λʱͷųɵĹâʱ׼Ҷһ
ҶĿ챪֪ʱԼɱģһͻȻһŰɫ棬ͣǻ棬ȻҲΪһԾ޴Ļ
ҶйҶǰָ֪ûоʤǰǿߣ᲻֮ս
ɷģΪ챪Ĵһġ챪ȻһЦǹַɳǹͷ̼ҶƵǰ
󱳺һչشȻҶƳȥ
ҶҲǲҴ⣬ϾͬΪǱٽܣ֪ǱûһǼ֮аݣйҶٹͷһ˫۾ĶǱǹ
ľ˭˿⣡


254 һ
ȵĻʹнζۿǹ֮ʱҶŭһѪʽȫ»ӣǹնȥ
챪ҶƵսַҪסֻԼǰͻȻһâƾճˣĻƸ֡
ͷ˫ݣǸܷСӣ
û뵽һΪôµأŮĿתַ˵Ļȴ纮
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258 ǻ
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259 ɳĮӰ
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Ĩһ죬⻰Ѿ˵˲ʮˣȴɳĮתƣٲܳƬɳĮʱˮȾֻɳĮлɡ
ֽˮޱϣ֪һûȣžડһڵϣˮһк˲Ϣɳ
Ǻַæǰȥͣȴﻹüʹϧ֮ɫ૵Сѵ֪ɳĮ֮УˮôңֻʣһС롣
ַɫһ󷢰ף꿴һۣƲƲ죬·ɣĪɳĮвɣ˵գ̧ǰȥ
ַӰŭһһ߶׷꣬е꣬ɳĮдΣգ㻹Сĵá
ٷϻˣɳĮһ֪ôȻΣգǺǣֻҪǴƬɳĮ߹Դ󣬱ɵʥˣ˼ʥذǳЩǵǼ۸Ҫɳһһݣߵ÷ѣȴǸ˷ܡ
ͻȻƺ뵽ʲô˼£꾹ȻһŲ飬ˤڵأַһѾסüүǲϺʥԺ¡
ܽ½ʥԺ˵룬ôܲ룬˵ϺʥԺ´εʱ䣬º󣬻ܸأվ㽵
ôַӷ˷ۣһۣаĪɣƾʣʥԺɣʥԺÿǧˣյѧԱһ֮ӣԼҵλүʮˣΪα㣬һ߶㲻ϣһˮϵԪߣܱʥԺ¼ȡʥԺԺϰ֣
ַкݺݱⲻ֪ߵغһ꣬ʵѧŵүľ̰ɣֲʵʵͷͲҪˡ
һ⻰ݺݵĵַһۣһƨɴַʹԼүŭֱ䣬һæЦ꣬ЩɶүҺ˵ģɱҳַȻп꣬ʵʵȴԪػ궼ûУʵʵڵһͨˡ
ҪϤƬɳĮôӣ꿴һۣһȻ´ٸ˵Щүһһӣ¶в
ǺַӿЦˣˡַ﷢ëһָԶүơ
үأŭͷ͵ȥȴɳУһڵ֣Ŷ
ǡû˵ַ꣬ӰסͷγɳϾͲˣֻǺӰɵ磬ԽԽһӰϡɱ档
ַһᵽɤϣɬôֻֻһ
ŭϻεɱˡ


260 ȡˮ
һ⻰ַһпζҵСڣ㵱治ߵغɾͶߣλҲǲۻ㲻ãҲһߣǿɾ鷳ˣ
һ⻰Ҳ˹æסʾ⳵ǱһɳĮɽҺˡ
ԽԽȴһںİ꣬˲ɣֽ䣬ܴڳࡣ
˴δɳĮУ˿ٷɱģһʱӿູˮҸղû֡
ǰէէ䣬·ƮɣɳƮУʱǰֱһۣͻȻڵˮô
һ⻰Ǻַ΢΢һϸƣüۣɣʼֻɳȻɷ֪ȴģأԷȻԼߵү䵶Ʒ磬ֱš
үһҪֹѲˡ
ǰƺûϵָҶԼ֣һԲ࣬һգæᵶն
ǰȴᣬ̤һٶգæһͷȴǰʰǰˮᣬˮ
ַкȻæǰеүס֣㲻𣿡
ȴһ죬ҡͷϵ꣬ôʶҺã
ַ΢΢⻰ʲô˼
ƵҲ࣬Ҳһߣһ£˭Ϊˡ
ַһ漴ŭ㡭ǺҪԼƷĶˡ
û£ղҲûųɱȻһʬˣִȴֻˮһˮ飬
꾨ţȹˮеˮһӣЦʮûˮˣʹ죡𣿡
ַһתûˡ
ǰоһǺַӣһᣬЦҰҪǵˮɣ
ַһ㶣ѿڵǣûˮˡ
˭֪ͻȻЦѣϻʮͰˮˡ΢΢ָװˮĳһ£ЦЦ
ַӼԼһѻ𴩣ҲΣЦҲӦ֪ڴĮˮڽҡ
ͣĻЦ֪ɳĮУˮǺģΪ˵ˮνҲǲΪ֡
ַӼͻȻ˵ôһĴæǿЩˮ㣬ɵñ֤Ϊǣ
˵ЩϵĻôү˵⻰ʱǺַ߬ĵһֻһгɵͨߣѵҶҳֲɣ΢΢üбƳЩһۣڵЩҵˣҲûطţǾͲҪϹˣ
ǺãǾ˵ˣһ꣬Ǻִַ޳ȡһƤңݸ꣬˵ˡ
Ц˵ǣڡӹƤң䣬˵㳯ǰããɳбȥ
ǿŰӰͷĴָϺ֣˵ǲȥμϺѧԺ˵ģлϺѧԺô
ǰԶַӴ˿ǰɣܲܽϺѧԺҲܶ϶ܣӦáſ԰ɣ
˵˰죬ôһUĴ𰸣һ۵ʲôƨ˵˵û˵ǿ·ɣ
һ꣬ǰȥ
ַӿһۣ̾ϢһҲٲ˵ʲôһˮңһڣߺ·ˡ
ǰҪİȻַˣ
ϴ̫أдãѰһ£Žϵ˵ϣʵȴûȫָ
ϴ꣬ܵķԶ뷨ϵӤ˳˯״̬ʵҲӻǶ磬½˻λ
ѻָ徳磬ҪʱпܣвܾôԵ˴ħˣ鲹ʵʵȶڻλ󣬾ͳƬɭ֡
һµʱ䴩ɭ֣һµʱ䴩ԽƬɳĮʱպù£ڵʱɳĮƬûҵˮ
ЩַſȵķɳǵˮδòˮôһҲܲԲų֮ǰҪˮһĻ
ٴɳĮбһ죬ַͻȻͣңңȥֻǰһɳ̲ס̾˿ҪƬɳǲˣԭز˸ɳļ׽ƣȻϢ


261 ɵ
ʱַ֣Ϣϣ۾Ĵһᣬֿʼг̣
˰⽥ףһȥһƬɳȼϡݾ
һĻַ֪Ҫ߳ɳĮ֮ˣ΢΢ЩϲһܵĻ૵˴򶫱ߣǲԭˣˮݷһħޱض࣬Сһˣ
ַԭԵʱȴеԶ
ĴʪЩԿҺɫַһֻ񾭹ǱʱȴͻȻƬĶΣһ֮󣬿¾ͻԵ޹ʵжȥ
ǰأԶŨ֣½ĸأȻ˰׵ĵ׷ë
ַıҲޱߵİž޴ΣգȻԶûħɭ־գԼҲʮСġ
ԼҪﵽʥбҪᴩԭ󣬲ԭضԼûΣգԼҪעľ֮еħޡ
ЩַƽȵĻţǳ˳Ĵһһ̶ϻûݽȥһݶûС
شŷԲ㻬˰ַ֮ٶҲǧ·ˡ
ʱַվһɽʵϵϢ˴ûиïҶڵɽ֮У̫ƫ䲻лҪİࡣ
ҹĻʱַٸһ·ϾΣķ֮ػԽȥĺá
һӰ֮ķԾš
ףʲôڼٷɱַͻȻüͷһ壬ͣ²תղžһ̶ȥ
ȷǴ̶ﴫĺַС˹ȥ
ͬʱͻ϶һӿֱַı
⣡мˣִַתͼһͷ֪δɵͷϳŸǣз̶һֻצѾַǰץ
ɵǶˮ˫ϵħޣһַֻ࿹ƾַڻλΪǲ壬̶лһֻټ޼͵ϮʱַӦ֮޲ߣ
һ콣ַ˲Ļ̵ɵϣȻֻһԵľɿһСΣɼϷжôı̬
ֻצͣһץȻַе콣ץš
ôҲôַ̬һһȴɵǳ󣬸û취ѡǰҲֻ˵ԭħޣȴû뵽侹˵ѶԸ
ˢһȴַ콣ɵסˣʱ콣һɵȥɵֲԣһ߸ǡǡܿëƮصŢ
Ȼʱ𡭡
ַڿУҪԽ̶ʱ򣬱ȶ̶ɵ͵Ϯʱ̶ɵȴڴ˿겻ɢ˳ֻצһ죬ƫеץסַ˫š
ַһˤ̶ϣȻϮ嶼뵽С
޴ʧºʹ³ٶȼӿ죻ַ
ȻͬޱȣַܱɣԼͷԱ侲׹ͷȻȴ˿ûֹͣཬӿճַعס
ַסʶչ̶ֻһֻɵԶһţԴԴϵķ֮·ʪҲƣΪһټУԼס
ЩཬƬ̼Ѿ͵زֱ򲱾ӿ
Ѿؿѹһɽʹ֮
ֻɵ̫ԶԶԶܷʱҲһжˣԼĥѶûȥѵҪ̶вɣȥǹѿġ
ʱҲеԼԼ½ϣۣȴδʵʲô룬ȥζñīݡ
ء
ֻͣɵ˫һչֱַ
ģôȲҪСүôһַе콣һգа׹һһɫ޶ȻУþȫԼɵȥ
ɵΪԶַҪ˹ȥǰһһʱ⣬Ȼַ޾סҲһʱʹһɣַͷϿշɹ
ԣ
ˮĽһӰ
ȴַԼסޣɵôһʱ̶и˳
ҿղգѾ˾ţ̤֮ʵصַٵشںؿھҵ
үүģӻûȢϱأطùŮַŸɺԵ촽


262 
ַϵƲ۾ͷǷХצԼץɵ񣬿Ҫͷˡ
ַк䡣
ףСүŭ𣬲ܳܵģַŭĴһ䡣
ۿצҪץסַ׹һ콣˲ϢصַС
˫ںϣƣַơֳڣе콣âʢž޴ڿɨڿһֱֶֻɵȥ
໣໣ֻɵԲҽһƬ¸ַȫһһѪѪģĴӿе֫鴤˼º󣬾Ͳˡ
ʱַƣƵ̱ڵϣڴڵغţ滺ŽԵ֫񾭣ͬʱþȫ߳ʣĻԼľת
ϴζ껹ûȫٶں˫꣬ȫһ֮£Ǻľÿһ˿ȫѾûһ˿ǻҲήˣ
ٺ٣αϴҪҰҺøղŵսһЩλħ޾ˣҪȻԼӣ¾ֻͨҲһԼַɬеҵ
ں˫־Уͬƶ˫꣬ں˫ǽϵֻ׵һ˿˵ǢһԱǿһУƶ˫ƣںһȫһ
ںϣӵߵרУǰַһһֱûкʵֻǢʱѹĵˣ̫ǿ̫һֱûù־
ϴζַ꣬崦ڱԵҲƶǻˣԲ뵽ֻڵĹʽ
Ϊǰһֱûʹùַֻ֪ںϵĺжȴˣԼ廹ûȫԭȻƿһУһȻȫĻһ˿ˣ
û뵽£
ͳöħˣһһţȫȡ
ָУʱһһȥ
֪˶ãеַͻȻ۾
ܶˣΪߣĻָٶҲ˲٣ϴ˿һڲкת峿ڤ۾ַں˿૵
ڶַֻ֮ɵħȡŵռ̧ۼĿ
ǰŨҲ֣Ӵ쿪ʼһֱûɢֵҲûţ˵Ĺ죬ĿҲֻܿİԶľ롣Ųٴǰжȥ
ҹ¹ͷȺ˸ž
мһַûټ·С֮ϣ۾
һ죬ڰǳϸĻԼ½¼еľǰɶ½Ľܣ˽ĵ·ĳþòƽ
ڻµַͻȻӰ͵һݣ֮ġ
䣡
ַһʮɣֻղĵطѾһ޴ĹһƬޣһ׵Ĵ󶴳Լǰð˿˿
ַ־ŭҪԼʱʶŵϰߣֻ´˿Ҳ泾͵һ̧ͷҪ߳ʱ
ͻȻ䣬ߴ޴죬̧ͷһסˡ
Ͽǧ״磬һһףͬ޴ߣ໥֯һǿѸɢӿɸߵɳˡ
һγһ޴ĹţȻȴֻԼɢ˿˿⻪ֱ֮ǿȻַȫ΢΢ֵҵǣǿֻ˼ʱ䣬һxǾͻȻʧַɿѹӿѪ̲סһѪ˳
ַæʮ̧֮һȴâһ֮ѾͬʱƮףɳɽ̳ɢȴڲ
ãȻʧֳӰ˵ӰʵȫȷΪһ˵Ķͷһ׳ǣһҲһѩ׵ĳʮΪ̫ԶַĿһ¡һѩס
ʲôħޣȻѾܻγˣѵǻ켶ħޣַкȻ뵽
ûǻ켶ħޣΪֻдﵽħ޲ܻγ˺նУ֮ôĴڣַп϶ɻ뺧Ȼ
ɺ˵ħ޳һӣһֻ𻢷һϯȥ𻢸ߴʮף֣ƺƴ󣬿ƺһɽζ
ָ죬շӿ˲Ƹ˴Ƭգͬʱ˰ꡣ
ܼͬһ֧֧һ޵𻢰ʵʵˮˣƺܵشףƴŭ춯ء


263 ֮ս
ɺ˵ħ޿һԳԭΣȻҲһֻ޴Ļ𻢣ȫ滷ƣƵĻ͵һܴɡ
ͷ߰һ߿ĻХ֮һͣͣѸײڶٶֱף͸ƣתۼɢ
Ļ𻢿Ժݺݵ˵ѩӥ϶㲻Ҫ̫Ҳֻ˵õ˿Խ׻طǰֽˣƣѵҪ뿪һȥ
ߣΣȻǿᣬҲӥУ㻹ǹɽȥɣѩӥٻӣܼͬһ֧֧ٴȥ
ѩӥ϶ҪΪΪҸôһ㣬Ҿ㣬ҽ쵹Ҫôߣ΢Զһݣѩӥ
𻢣ҿ㻹İɣ˵ˣ׻طֻһˣѵҪɣٽһСѩءɣѩӥһӣʱһƬƿռ䣬ֱ𻢺Хȥ
ޣѩӥ϶ΪһŴĲɣҲôʵˣǻһʤɣαװӣϵĻ磬үүҲ׷ֵġһеҵĶ಻ϵıһ䳰ȷ
䣡
洫һ죬춯أͬһը
ȴǻһʱܲһ޴ıˣʱƤըðһĻѪ
𻢶ʱˡգһ֮סȫð
ѩӥҲͬȫ׹˸һӾԼΧһɫ֡
ͣͣ
յǰɫ֮ʱһĴ̶֮
תۼͻɢ
𻢣㻹ʲôֶΣٺ٣ʹɣѩӥȻվڰ֮УЦ
ѩӥӵţһҪÿ𻢼оȻûѩӥܵһ˺ӰһԶʧ
ַĿɿڴðβǻ壬ҡͷ̾Ǵ۽磬ǿּ߰䣬ѣصĹǰЩССһ죬һˣ
ַ֮̾ʣеѩӥͻȻعͷĿĿַڵĵطһۣ׹һͬҲԶȥתۼʧӰ١
ַһۿõľֱðѩӥջĿ󣬲ŷԼĺ󱳾ȻѾʪһƬ
һַоĿ£ԼڻǶôСһֻħ޵һƳȻԼ³ӡ
Լʵ̫΢ˣвĴڣûԼɣַԳ
ͻȻַһĬĬƷζղŵľ첫
ԼһҲһˣߣʱԼҵ桯пܿ磬ʱϣӦþûʲôвĴˣַճһţ¾ĵ
ԶѩӥѰ˵ط붨ղžһսǺܳһʱ䲻ǰˡ
ַҲĵĺܣһҹϢϣȬӣ峿·
εĽѵðգУʵʵҸȫĵطţͬʱҲץʱ䰴ա쳾¼ϼصطʵҲӡ
ʱһعȥһ·Ϸƽ˾˵ڶʮ죬ַٶ̫δɽǰϢŵһͰꡣ
귽ԲٶΪߵֻʮףݼΪϡ裬󲿷ɽ¹ͺͺģ¶Ӳʯμ򵥣мλþ᲼
ַ֮ͣΪͻȻеһ־µϢԣʼϸԼڵ֮ء
ܵһѶѵʯһƬ˰ߵĻĲݣһƬƬ뱻նϣǰԶĵطһƬͰ꣬ȴһӰûм
ԸոշսȴûһӰַٴǰʮַ¶Ȼ顣
ǰ治ԶȻĴһݵĴӣЩӣСһеķԲֻʮɣеȴа֮㣬Щܹͺͺģݲһ;Ȼγ֮
ַɫһȴȽʶųѸһܵĻδʲôµϢŷĵĻ˹ȥ˳ЩµĴӡ
վڰӱԵַϸһ£һ˿ɫ૵СүĹԹԣʲôŪģȻЩӸʲôӣǼһԲӡ
ʲôصĹֱӻУ˲ɵһ㣬ˮཬһĴǻɵģ֪ж޷ʲô


264 
ַŴӿһ¶֮ɫƬ̺콣ȻУһ֣һɸ쫷콣ƾγɣһһȥ֡
ʱ쫷ǰĴĴХȥ
˷֮ʯȫһɨƬ̾ͽʯӵ¶˳
ȫʯڣ״ı棬⻬쳣
ǡַһ۾ͿǸ֮γɵģһ뵽ǰΣһ˼¶˺Ȼ֮ɫòǰֻڵĻŪİɣѵǻߵͨ˹
ַ˰죬ųһҡҡͷڲŻǾ磬봫˵еĻ쾳磬֪˶ٸʮǧߵ£̫Щ
ţַΧһȦûٷʲôر֮ͣס˽Ų̧ա
Ӧʱ֣Ƭղûгʲôҫ۵ȡ֮ģ޾ƣ΢΢Ĺ֮
ַûгԾˣƬ֮϶﷢սйء
뵽·Сǰ۶ȥ
ֹĵطɲĴҴһͷײʲôħ޵սǴˡ
һ·ϣҪЩˡ
ַһ˼ţһ߲ͣԹˣͻȻһ٣ǰüͷһ¡
ɫ糣ǰֻۣٶȲ䣬֡
˰ɺַͣԶУһɫ촽һڸĭ
ЩĳҲǴСһееʮɣȴͬص㣬мͷϸ״ϢڿУûһ˿
ַϸϸĴ˴˹⻡һ飬Ȼһֱ̧ۣ콣ճǰһն
һƾո˹ϿգȻºݺһ䡣
䡱һⱬ
һ͹Ӵʧˣ·һ⻡ȻµڿУ˿ı䶼ûС
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һ߾ţһƿ˵ǰĿռѷ죬Сĵļɱȥ
ȻĻ־壬ǰ·ֲòߣ֪ǰΣҲðȻ룬ΨһΣʲôصʯұߣĿĹˣûʲôգųǰС
һգһַղغΣ鿴ǰ
һŮӽЦѩӥҪô
ѩӥѵ֮ǰභѩӥ棿ַ仰־£ڵϣ͵͵ȥֻǰ֮Ӱ
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ͻȻһ紵ɢȥǶڰյȴһǧܽأīٵľˣڵϵַ֮ѩӥ档
ʱѩӥѲǰԻʱ磬˺ۣ֮ǰԻ𻢵ǲĻҲʧ٣֮ϲơеĺۼ˫ֳŵأϢҶħн֮꣬ŹСܣʦҸм
ǾŶһ⸱ӣʲôмңǰ㻹ڵıҽͻƻطô
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һ𻰣ѩӥֵôټӻأ
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һѩ϶ˣǹǲ˵ǶħɭֵϳҪһȥȡ
ңѩӥЦȲ½ƣȳסңȻҸĲ֮Լȥȡ
ϲɫ̶ĿһתȻһ²ѩӥĶԼȡĺá
ѩӮһæúããǾҲ½ưɣʡĲѩĳ˿˵Ǿɽһ㣬û˿ضսѾãһ˵£֮ǰ
׽ЦѩӥȻʶʵ˵£ɣȴɲˣջ֣ҲЯͬģǵطһ
ѩӥһ˿죬ϲãһԡ̶ֵʯһСȻ֮£ǲȿճ


265 ܵ
˲ǸڵСһܣҲܲ˶Զʱɱֻǻ֮£ֶؼһʱĵĿַ֮²
ַȴûҪ뿪һ¸ӻǵɱԽҶԹ԰ַüһĵü˼Ҫɱȴܣ仹дĥĵô䲻Գȴߵĵ
ʱֻѩӥЦȻˣǵѩĳˣҲưɡ˵˫ַ£¶һִеģ
ЦЦҪǰؿлһѩӥ϶ҽУ棬е𻢣쵰ӳ
ٺ٣ױı죬ǰ˵𲻳ڿѩҲСǡ𻢵ȴûԳ
ѩӥ¶֮ɫغȵ𻢣ģϴξӦ㡭һǿߣ˵еĴڣľҲǼҰĻ
ַòԾǷ°ۣѩӥͻȻһУಡĳǴͻȻһ󲨣ֳһֶֻȻ֣һץסǱУأԲߣϴΣϴɱңƷԣˣͬΪ켶Ĵڣɱǰס
ѩӥŭ˻һۣȻ
Żԡ𣬶ѩӥ棬ʧЦģ˼һף㲻·磬л֮ƣ㻺вɱ˱ˡȡػ֮
Ҫ֣ѩӥ﷢С֮ӳתۼϻ澡Ϩ¼½һ䵽µıӭæˡ
ɱӣٺ٣еѴѩӥЦӵ춥徳缸ˣȻûżڻ쾳ͨġ
𻢡ޡһôͨ󣬸ղֺαģҪ㻹ʲô¡𻢻䣬һȭѩӥ湥Ϯ
ѩӥЦĺãʶһʲôŽлѧ˵ҲһȭӳһȭѸݣ෴ַƺʱȭƣҲûˡ
ãǡء˵һвռ䣬ʱҲܱסʱԱһֱۿɫأҲͳһȭҼӹѩӥ档
ĹѩӮ治ҵһֻֻ֣ȭͷֻѩӥģһֻǻ𻢵ģһֻģײһټռ䡮ٿһһɢռѷ׷γɡ
ʱַͷѹһʯ
˿ȭһȭȭδ۵ϣ쫷ཬԾַɫ֣ˣбˮ֮׹䣬ֻһЩַͷ֮ϣʹ̣Һߡ
ģٲܣҪˣַѹеĿ־壬ȾͿ
ʱѩӥƺһһ
𻢡߶һۣһϲ
˵Ҫˣαؿ̤һǰشǿѹƣУܷŶգжֹ˵а˰٣һǧ
˵һ䣬һȭѵ֮ȵѩӥһ򲽲ơ
ѩӥǾǴϣѪƣ¶֮ɫͻȻüȵѩ򣡡
ֳڣѩӥ嶸ȻһƬ׹ѩӥɢ˳׹ʲôͣˡ
ڱַܵ׹һգڻһйôҲʱһƬ֮أֻһӲȥ
ַѩӥ澹ᷢǿ˹ʽȻͬܵ˲һȴ·콬ճޱȣʱƣԽݵٶԽ졣
ʱ䣬ཬûͷַֻܳճ࣬ãĴץҪסһ̶ȴĴĶǻ֣Կ۽
Ҽ䣬Լһһɾȴ쳣ַܶûֵܵһʱȴֻÿԼ弫׹ȥܵҲԽԽ𤣬·ס
ûл壬۶ڱӿ룬ַѪҺҪųķμըס㵸䣬һ·صй֮һйȥ
ӿҺ壬ʱһϮͷ


266 
ַһҲཬƶһַֻѹһᣬһĺӭӿһƬˮ򣬻ͷȥֻԼԶ֮һڣǲӿ࣬ƬˮС
û֮£ȻһƬˮȻڰԼ˴Ȼǳ
ַսƬˮ򣬻ת磬æסڱǣŲˮ롣
ˮ棬һɼӿˮʶ֪һȻ㣬࣬޿ڼʮ׶
ַæʹת֮䣬ǴݣҪϣϷһͷſҧֻٶ
ӹβ֮ʣַϮһַв
Щ˵˲ͷˣһʱֶַų⣬˵ˣǵһ壬ʹǺһڱˮ
ʲô㣬ȻͷͷлڵΪַȻѣֻǰңͷӵ
ˮЩĶ֣䣬ʩչһĹ
Һ֮仯ˮҲǴЧһˮ΢΢ףǹַ˶죬ܹݣȺȶ֮ͣơ
ַƴǱһ̣ˮҲ֪жپ׷϶½أֱЩɭȻԽԽߣæ䣬ʶһչ֪ʯһѨˡ
ʱֻǣҲ˲öΣգһͷǱ롣
бƣһˣַڣˮ弤Ⱥײڵ졣
үүģ㸹ˣַ뵽ЩһɵѣǶѨֻͨﻹȫͨǱȥ
ͨʱʱխϣҲ֪˶Զ͵ַڻĵ߰˰ʱнͱеĵˮѹһᣬһǱӿ͵ؽгˮ档
ַǺ˼ˮޡ³ˮδԼϣǰһڣһȻϮ
ַܵĻ콣֮ȥӰ䣬ַֻһ콣ϮһƺߣɽȥײһʯʯŽѩ
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ַ˶񣬿ˮһͷϸĻһѱ룬һڰϣһˮȳ֭Һõǣںڰз׹⣬
ֻˮɣַһǰںӱߣҲˮɣ˾޴ˮɣҲȷʵδ治֪γɵģƬ̣૵˵ղϮԼľһˡ
ַüϧҲ̫ûɫŻڵΪƽˮЩͨҲˣȴСүͻϮ֣
ַ˵ЩͻȻڵϻǿھζΣﲻ˸ͻ֪ôˣ¶Ѩ֮Уû㶯ˣԼǲҪðȻȥĺá
ƿˮɻʬƾ赭ˮߵһѨ
ɵַո̤ڶʱͻȻƺź֮ģ߽׺һźСӭ洵к֣̹ǡ
ʲôطôôķ磿ַ̧ͷǰȥѨǰڶģѨʯ꾭ܷ£ݲˮɱʯϣɫ̣
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йַСʱɳѨʱܽ󴵵ַΪУҲǲӦԣǱ˵һʱ䣬ٴʮǰͻȻһŵİӰ
ַ΢΢һæӷɻأ˳ŷһһʯ֮ϣһʱջأǰɫĶУֱֻһʹһ飬ֱϵƤͻȻ෺ϣƴǹһ˪
ַȼ䣬æתֱ۴ȥֱ֮Ƥףɰױ죬ȻðһźһĻַŻһЦʲӶУ۷ƣηмһɺ裬ֱֻ֮΢΢Ӵһ£ͶˣһɾͲðˣ
ĿǰĺѨЩѶȣټŹֺʵ룬˼䣬ַüͷ૵ԣҲеĻǾֻ˳ȥˡ


267 ֮
Ŀ˼һַȻƮ𣬴һȥʱ磬ಡһٴѨ֮С
ַû뵽ǣԽ룬ԽǿǧֽԼѨ⣬ХǧһɱϮ壬˻Ƕֻ뵨ѷʱӦˡ
Һޱȣ䣬´Ȫˮ½ͨãֽ綴֮УҲַƾܿͷ任֮䣬ֻ֮ȥͬʱѻȫӿһʱҲǰٺ֡
вãֶ䣬һĴֱǰһһ㼲ֹҪ֮÷飬ܶڱ糤ˢ쳣⻬ַżȴ溮ǣѪΪ֮ǽ֮ϾȻһǡ
ַѰҿǣжȥʱлʹ죬ùһַͨͨҵǰ½ʹǲָоһʱ䣬ȻԽԽȴˮУȥƸ
Ѩۣó棬ַĬĬ㣬ԼΪתתаǰȻտͷԽԽͨԽƣڷȳһԽ
񶯱ڣܷ˹죬ʮںͬʱڶ죬ûסʶЩѪڣԶ
ʱĶѨ֮УЩ֮£䣬ΪǧٱмӿñȳŻַзֻ壬һЩ֮мͬͬһʱЩҲǷ׷ƽ⡣
һʱ䣬ǱЩ֮мϸСѪڣҿѪδᣬ¶ļѶû飬֪ʹˡ
һʱ֮䣬ַҲûֻԼķǿûܵð˺
ͨԽԽխתŲҲԽˣʱѴ󵽲˼飬쫷ҲҼӴ׶
ʱ˵أκλãΨƽΪʱַҲ˵ʱⶴѨĿģֻһĿ꣬ͨѨ
ΪʲôҪͨȴûʱһʱһͻ÷ǳǿʤʱַҲǲˡ
½ÿǰһҪʹȫĴ󲿷־֮ϵľ֮дӼ裬֫ƽĿڣַɵ÷Ŭ־ףصѨУǿŭХͥ
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һͻأѼַߣȫӦ֮ܣ֮׹ʱͻȻѹһͷˣȻΪѨϾңͻȻ׹䣬ҵĹԹԣӦòֱˤɡ
δ˫źʪһȻˮ
ˮϴھˮһϴѪ䣬ʹɵַݺݵĴ˸
ϵʹ˹ˮ·ȴаǱأûлֻǰͻȻһ׹ޱҫ
ྡͷԽͷҲԽ󣬹˳ϲҰַһ񣬳һ۴һɼľ޴֣֮УһſžӨ͸֮飬ն֡
ڹּһľ
һƥͨѩ׵СȻһŹ֮ʯңĴҫš
Сۣ߲ףȴǳ죬ѩ׵徹Ȼ˸žӨĹ󣬴ĶͷȻһӨ͸ǡԵøǷ
̤Ų߶ᱼʱ͵Ĺâ֮£Եޱȵĳףŵ㣡
һƥСַзǳ𾪡
СԱһȦ͵͵Žںˮ֮еַһ˫ڱʯشۣ˺ɻ֮ɫ
ҵģַ¶֮˷ܵĴһնˣγʮɣֻǰˮԽǳ̤ʵأеСȥ
˭֪ڽӴâһ˲䣬顯һֱַùֵɳȥײһʯ֮ϣַֻлһʱҲ̱ڵأζЦŹֵС
ʱСҲַٶŵˣ̤æˣٶȵ磬һӰһƶٶȣַʩչҲ׷ϵϡ
Сʵ̫ˣǰ˵ֻҪ꣬ΪԶܴﵽ쾳磬ڼҪôе߸дﵽĿܡ
ʵСҲѹַռ֮ˡ


268 췵
ʱַڵһС˫ڱʯһѩ׵γĶԱȣÿգģ
˿̣ڵϣȻǳԻһ˫Ĵַۣ
ƺ뿿Щ£һ˫شϸĹ۲ֱַȷ⣬Ҳ޺ŷַ̤Զع֮
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ַٴοСزͷϵ֧ǣȻͻȻһƹߣƳֱ֣̽ɢַ֮Χħ˾
Ȼ֧Ƿȥٰ룬ʱСӾӨˣĹ󲻶˸ޱȡ
ֱַչСܾСһ㣬æӶȥڹһɫӰ˵˹ֵһߣٶȵ쵽˼㡣
ַЦˣһƥȤֿɰֵ̰ԵС
ڴ˺죬Сʱʱûַܣַħ˾ۼַһֱûж¶ʲôƵľٶҲǰǰСˡ
ʱַû׽ƥСĴˡ
һûаܹ׽ΪԵǿץҲ֮
ŷǳĹ˼ɣǽС׽ˣƥﵽĻڵֻ֮궼׷ȥʱһԼСԼǱˡ
СȻǳˣ¿סŭ𰡡ַЦҡͷṵ̂ĵκΣյĳ̶ȣԣԼСԶڵһλûõȫ֤֮ǰɲȥ̼ƥ
ԣڵȴ
սƥսûʲô˼ˣ
սǶܾˣѩӥһɱˣǵʱȻжԶܶԶˣ
ԥϲ䣬һһֻӲַ֣ͷûӿһɺ⣬һɤСһ˶
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޷֮£ַˤ˸ʵʵӲʯͷõ£ʹһַһɱѪĳ嶯ʲôطʵˡ
ѽѽʱСһС࣬ѧӤһ㣬ѽϣǸŮ
˿Щ࣬ôģ
ַҪѨһǷѨôԽ룬ֻΧССƣЩϹͻϲͻŭʵ˵浱ԼЩƣΪƥСѰ˼һ˵Լ϶ˣ
ֻ˵սʱֱƿһ棬Ҹɵ
̾СһƭôˣЩҲҪˣ࣬л˵
ַĬ΢ŭɱһҪʲôֶôҹ
ŶЩַŽɣʵ治غԼʲôԥһᣬӵ˹ȥ
ֵ·ַϣ΢΢ЦܺãȥǱߡԣַǰߣʼմڼϣɣһʱϰ£ߵعԱߣ˵ˣҽȥ
΢΢һֻжԶ
ַ֣Ѱ˼жԶΪңýһЩЩ
ţ˾ͺã§סַȥ
ʱַֻǴһ㱡Ĥ棬߷죬ӼۼҪײһʯڣַֻͣһʱҲû⡣
ֻ֪ƺһײʯϣʱֱ۶ָסǽ
һĻַдǹŹɻ󣺡Ϲͷôôʯײ
Сһغ󣬴ʯڣôѡ
ַ֣룬ұǲ˵Լô뵽̲ס͵ۻƣһƳ𣬵ѪģµپʧѳһƬѪ⡣
ﻹ֮ǰ̬ţĪǣĪƲҲԶʶ̽ﰡѵӾʧʶҲܶˣ


269 и֮
²̫󵨣ַҲţͻȻһԼʶɢ˭֪ʶһ壬Ȼʯ󺣣ûа㷴ӦҪԣȴĽƣʶɶãϷ·
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ַһ̧ȥ˿̣ƥСڵϣȻǳԻһ˫Ĵۣǣһֻѩ׵ߣƺ˱һ˵Сӡ
ַ֪ƥǲǷı죬͸Ų֮һǻ۵Сһ˵ĸоʵ̫ˣȻƥɰСȴԡ
ַſڵǰأڿǣ
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С־ޱȣ˿ַҲܸо·ᴥһ£ò̾ϢһһС𣬱˻С
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ڵڸְƣҲӿһȪޱȡ
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ַɵХХ۾߰ȭȻһɽȥһʱ䣬İ׹ʯ֮ϡһʯ
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ܺãܺá˵ͷҲض˵ʲôСȥղģп֣֮ҹСƷԻԲһֱûɱ㣬ϣҲʧ


270 ʥ
ʱʱַ֣ѵΪҲݻô֮ǰսǸʲôĽ֣
̾ǳսֻµգ⣬ѩӥʹ֮ϧΪ𻢵ҲƲᣬĿȫ٣зѩӥΪȻɱ˵ˣԼҲȥˣ֮еõͻƻطôڵϢ»бĻָ
뵽ðһͷãС뿪ѩӥ𻢼ȻܷҵĲֻ֣֮Ҳ·ϡ
˵ţ̧ḧСͷ΢Цӣﲻ㣬ҪأúøСӡ˵ͻȻйâֱðһɹԴԴϵעСڡ
ʱС徹ȻСˣͷϵǸͷУã̧ͷַû֮Сݣ󣬱ֻὫ֮ͨħޣԺһУͰˡ
˵˴ͻȻĿƵʱҺӣˣį̧̧ͷַһۣ֪һ߱ΪĽ֮û֮ǰ㻹ǲҪõĺã
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ʱҲַ룬΢΢ҡͷ̾ϢһͻȻȫȼܻ⣬ֲַ޵ĳ嶯վһԱߵСҲǺ顣
δ֪ζʲôҲӿ˱ʹɣϾĸġ
ϨַǰǻңȴʲôҲûУֻһЩӣСβָߺѪΣ߰ѩӨ͸ɫԻ͡
ַǰһѰ˼òǹǱɣɶ˵ֻдﵽ󣬲γɵôϸϸһʮһţȴǰڹĹƵǿŹǱ֪˶٣ӦòʲôǱ
ֻͷеľ۶ɵ飬ħƤ˸ȦЩСУСĲ֮ϣϾΨһˣַ֪ЩӿŲ֮ҲռΪеġ
Се󣬳һƬ֮ǰַ֪ʥǲԶˣеϢ˰ޣ
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ƬԶıøӴˡ
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ַС߽һЩʱڽƬӰ˸š
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һһĸֽڿеĵ춼԰ټƸɽΪһ壬˴֮伸ûκο϶һľʲһȻġǡ
ʣ׵Ŀо޳ǣ϶˳Ϊ˼ʥصġʥˡ
һֱԶɽԼСϵ鷿ݽַþô֮Уʱһɽ紵ͷһ壬п
ֱСӽǾվ޳ʮʱŴӼлع˽Ų
Ϊʱĵ·ѲַһˣԶĵطʼʱĳִӰǿо޳ȥ
ַﰵ̾治Ϊ˼ʥ
ȻԶĵطܿ˶Ⱥӿȥ
ʮ·˸һЩ·ǳһЩ޴㳵޳
ַǣЩ߻ǳ˷ħݣŴħ޸ʮŵĴǰһһƬҳ
ʱַ̧ͷһſԼϵСһ飬ʱʱת鶯۾ĴţȫԸ߶֮⣬ַпζЦҡҡͷԹֻȴǴϣˣԸпһº󣬾ͼӿٶȡ
һĹַʥıԵ
ʱŷаϵ޳⣬Ҳͬһ޳ǣֻǰһֱΪǿо޳ȫȻûע⵽ϵĳС
гǳظߴʮɵĲʯǽΧ
ͷĸǽ֮£ַܿأдССʮʽŻ


271 Ū
ַԶһᣬŪЩŵĸô
רŸ˽ģҲרŸģȻҲøħħϢĵȻĻãͨĳţ֮廨ţű࣬˶ųŵڵʾǡ
ַСϱڻǰһһСĳš
˵ǰСַϸȶʱֻҲʮ֮ߣ֮ɵ΢Գ˼
ַǰλòŵӣֻûκֻǸͨˡ
վڳµλŵ˵˼ʲô͵ݳ˼öңӶԷӹһɫֽ˳ǡ
ַűСŲæ˹ȥ
ģʲôʱͣǳڱǾסǡ
ףԭλߣӭʥǹ涨Կɽ뱾ǣʾ֤һַһۣӻһɫľ˹ȥ
ǵһʥǣǸʲôģַ΢΢Щɻ
֤ݵӡ΢֤óֻҪ棬ɿһĸַһûгְ㲻֮ɫ̧Լĳֻƣָϼһ΢ֻ֤ǾһΡ
жʱź⣬γ֡
ԭַĬĬĵͷʥȻһ㣬͵ȵʿ˴ˣȡ˼Լ΢֤˹
Ǿһɨʾˡ֡
ףԭǷ˼ˣһ˿թ⣬ȵ´ַһۣ¶һ˿ɫĿ֤Խȥˡ
ַ΢Ц΢֤˳š
źĽֵСҲϲĸ˻ͨ޳Ǵ´ġ
ֵһŻ潨
ֵ࣬ҲûмֻһЩͨ˽̸ʲô
ַ΢һ£Ͳ̧գвٵӰڷȥħֱо޳Ƿȥ
ʥѵûнյĹ涨Щǿĺ̨ЩʲôȨһĻַ⣬Ȼֱеǳطȥ
СŽֵ˰գʱֵ֣ǵ
Ѵ̽ϺʥԺͷ֮ϵʥڵϣ֪궼ǰϺѧԺַѯλǿоʱǰһɤźǳСӣ˵λ׼ȴӲǲţôԴζͷ˰ɣ
ַ̧ȥֻԶվ˼ˣһƽװһĸ׳һƤѥһñۣѵһơ
һλ뷢԰׵Ű룬۾¶һĪģ
ʱһİǰӲͷѽүòã
ֻͷָⰫӵ˫֮һ΢΢Ц̾Щֻ֮䣬л֮
˫üѾĺ˵Һúõģôл֣֮һڣͷƭˡδ䣬һһЩ˷׷׽еŻŻ
תŻʲô𣿡
ַһƣֻ¿ϴܣתյ졣
ҲоʹҽУ˫ȺȥΧ˾ȲԽץ뷢һӽԱߵһˮ֮С
ʪαƣƨɱƵͨ죬һЩΧгЦ֮⣬¶ãȻ֮ɫ䣬ͳöͭң߷ߵߵϣȥˡ
ĻַɫŹ֣Ц˿ֲЦЦͷֻһ㶼û۵ĻԪߣСα㣬ҲС
ЦЩΧЩ˾һһ㶣ѵûҴͷİϷô΢΢ҡͷһЦַ˹ȥͷӶո¡
ͷҪţ𣬽ձСûգ۵ģ˵֪˵˶ٱĻֻ˵һ룬̧ͷַһۺ󣬼æס¶һɫĸĿڵ֪С㣿
ģǵһʥǣ鷳ģֻҪ¡ַЩͳ˵
һַ⻰ͷüɫ裬Χȫɢʮ˷ַѯʵСʲô£ʣС϶һ֪޲ԣ޲
⻰ַɫ΢΢¶Цݣδ˵Щʲô
Сһʥ϶Դ˳ǵĵ·İĺܣС϶Ǵ˳ľ񣬶Դ˳ǿָƣСҪȥʲôط߰ʲô飬С϶æ·Ļ϶ʡȴ鷳ģֻҪС϶öҼˡ
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ƺѾַʲôģ˵ؼͣ
ַЦöĻҸöңǲĻҿһöḶģЦЦ˵ַͲС϶ȥ
СͷæԷĶʰһַ档
ַĵͷû¶ʲô֮ɫеĴȥ
˼׺ַС϶ֻȻм־ɫȴûвõ飬ɵİԵͷʵǰһαߣôҪȵ֮£
ٺ٣С϶ȻӵԪػ꣬ƷȴǵӵĺܣһҲûۻ㣬ڣŪЩ֮ͨˣʥҪӡַ¶֮ɫС϶ǿһЦ˵ʵαߣʥûʲôΪģֻû켣ͨȺ֮С
ԭַȻһЦʵȸңںδҵͨϾ޳ǵĵط
С϶ַ⻰£ɵϸַƳ˼ۣģʱ¶Ȼ֮ɫ˵ԭСǴȥμϺѧԺ˰ðĺܣǵģйֱ֮ʥֻÿܶҪѲǮƣСԿǵȼһȥͱȽϻˡ
ŶѵֻҪǮͿȥ𣿡⻰ַ¶ĸȤ顣
С翪Цˣ⵱ȻСС϶ͷҡĸ˹һ֮ǾסĶһЩȨƽǲȥģһ㣬۳ɹҲȥС϶ּȱֻαˣȴҲȥ
֮ǻЩʲôɵĵطһᣬַʵ
֮ǵˣһ㶼ڳĴ߶ԣҲûʲô֮Ŷˣ˵۹ϺʥԺЩطûƾ裬κ˶׼ġС϶ڨڨ˵
۹ϺʥԺַ󣬾ͶȻ˵ãָ·ɣڲȥҸס˵
ð죬ǰ治Զ֮Ǿ¥֮ܲʱС翴¥УЩ¥֮רŴ͹ɻĻƣСʲôʱ뵽֮ȥǡ䣬ǰ洫һһʱɫ䣬߹һʯš
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С϶΢΢һͻȻϸַһᣬͻȻһЦС磬Īǻδ֮磬Ʒ֬ᣡ
ַüЩʲô
С϶Ҳ죬Цʥľ¥ɲ¥¥ŷ£¥еķ糾ŮӣɶǴġ
ַʲô
С϶ЦʥķŮӣһЩĹӡ͵ЩбģȻлţ֮˵ףᣬס
ַɻ˵ҵʶһ¡
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С϶ָ£ַһΪɵ¥ǰͣ
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һ¥Ϳ¥ʮߣǰһŮЦ˵ʲô
ЩŮеظ֮еĳü˳Ŷ߿ధʲô죡
Щ飬ģαװ֮Ըֿ˲ͬϲãЩŮֲͬı飬ѷ١
ַӽĬĿǰһУԹһ
ʱͻȻһЦӭȻַ;棬ȫŷ糾֮Ҳʹһ֮⡣
ʣһַ֪࣬Щпٶ𣬵Է£ֻµá¡ݣѶЦʵҪʲôĹƣ
ַһʵĶʮһլУȻƽʱҲ컬ʱ򣬵ƽһνĳЩ飬£Ҳţɡ
һַĻش𣬸ӿ϶е뷨΢һ㵣ڿڷųһЦ
ַһЦ֪ΪΣдơ
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273 ޶
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»־˼۵İŮӳΧַݺ˵Ц
ַʱԶЩŮӣҲ˹ʣ绨ŽأͽһƣȴŨױĨЦ̸޲͸٣˺ߣһʱȤȥ
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ʱλԵúͻأӹ㳡һ
ӦþǸˡַλжһ֮ϾЩ֮УһɷǳֵĸоЩ֮ý顣
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ٺ٣ǿû˸һֵ˴Ц˵
չһЦ㳡ϵˣʮΧһȦǰÿϽһң
һңּڣ˶˲ɴ㵣ֻмٲ֪أ׷ȡ̿ݸ߹ЩԱ
㣬˵׵ΪʲôҪϽһңһЩһͷˮ̲סʵ
ַҲǴӹ֮֮ǣȻҪһǮƣȴôҲû뵽ҪһңɲһСĿڲԵ£ˡ
ʱһЦ棬֮俴˻ǵһʥ鶼˽⣬ǺãҾ˵һ㣡
߻ķʥ˼ʥأֻǶЩǿ߶Եģߣʥȴǳ޾Ĳпɱ¾һСģɱ¾ʱϣ˵˫죬ʲôĵ¡
ַһЩĵװû뵽ʥȻһڡ
Ŀɨڳеˣֿ϶صûʥ֮ǰﵽڵľ磬ǿΪһ˲õţڵһŲʥһоͽı䣬Ҹ˵ʥäĿش֮ǣԻʮգ
ʮգ
ַüͷһ壬ж΢΢һ
ͷںŪǣһЩĸ꣬һۣ׷ײĽе
ҲǣԼƬĹȣԼһȵķ绪ޱȣŵͷû˸ǣʥȻȴһ龰κҲеȻ
ôҲȻǸո֮ǰҲ̽һЩʥ飬Ҳҿһƣʮʥ򣬼ʹǮҲǡ
˵ַЩʲô
ʱֻ߼ʥΪ˼ʥ֮һȻǿƣϺѧԺǰ˵ضǣʥ򣬸ѲŰͻһٲˣ˳ͻͻɱ¾ɱ¾ͻˣҪķϺѧԺӦ߽֮ǣӦϺѧԺΪԴƳһֱʩϺѧԺ̫࣬޳ıӻǣһңȫǵգһ㣬Ҳǿȣǿɽɲ
ԭַЩˡ
һҾȻ;ϺѧԺǻթǮ
ͬʱҲû뵽ʥȻôΣգѵ۾Ͳô۹ҲĬɱⱳʲô飡
ôԼʥ»Сһ㣬һңȻĿСַҲò
Ǯˣ׼ɣŮֱڿն𣬷ɵ¹㳡ϿգϹ䣬ֻһϹ𣬲󣬲һЩϹγһԲʮ׵ɫ


274 ֮
ҫ£ɢҫ۵Ĺâֱ֮ǡ
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ˣҪΪϺѧԺӦߵģһңΪӦߣһٽұɡЩڣ˵
ʱϰٸӼ˳ֱӽЩ֮УҲַڡ
һ֮ڣһҲ˽Ͻһҵվ
֮УҲʮˣһ⻰ּٸ߹
һ֣гƴСĺɫͷÿһ飬պˣ֮ΣͽӦȡǵֵһһ顣
һλ꾪ؿ龧ʯһۣ΢΢е㲻ô˵ǻѵܾԱ֤ô
׳գ䶢һۣڵҪ֮ɱ۵ƾһңΪԱסôһ꣬˳ȥ
Ź֮һպϣַ˱ǶȻԶ
ʱַϸĿ龧ʯ壬߳һףǺͨĿʯֻȴиоһʮֵϢ
⾧ʯʲô;
ڶԸղĶԻַҲеϵ˵ʱҲû¶ʲôı顣
е⾧ʯֻǱ֤㲻Ǳˣѵãƣ¾һֽˡ

ַϸе龧ʯʱͻȻִ󶴣һǿֱӽַʮ˸׷ȥ
΢΢һʱַæѸٿƺΣȻ㳯·ϸȥ
֮ǵȺɽӿзȥȫһƬƬ۾ɽͣÿһɽ嶼Ƕ϶£񹤣ǧ
Щɽϲ˾סȥɽоȺԭĮɭ֡
ЩɽǾϸ̵ΰ
ЩɽϳĹ㳡ߵĵĴɼĽ񣬽ʥĴΰԵ쾡¡
⻹ЩɽУûһûľûнЩɽǱ淭ŨŨ棬ͨñѩˡ
½ħɭԶΪ۹۹Ű۹۹Ǳǡʥ
ͬʱҲǻԪصġʥΪԪص֮ܲıǡ
֮ǣҪΪǡǣϳǣǡл󲿷֡
۹ɻԪص
Ǵ½ѧԺ֮һϺѧԺ
ϳǹ
֮ǵлضΣ̳֮֡
ʥǼʥķ½϶һָġ
֮ǵÿŽɽռؼΪԲǧÿһһУÿɽٿɰˡ
ַӹУһ󣬾ͳһŴɽϡ
Ӽʮ׵ĿأַͬˣҲûʲôкһĳȥ
֮Ϊ½Ȩ֮أְѲصϵĴڽֵ֮Уʮֵ
ҲǴӵÿһ֮ˣҪ³ʾ֤С
ȥɡһسеһˮݻһУ䵭˵
û뵽֮ǣǾȻôѣ۶ΰȻܱȵģҺʱȰӦߵݣȻɾЩ鷳ˣַӹݹĿҲ˿
ǵĽֵϵƻԻͣʱ򻹲ʱǳֵʱ̡
վĽϾһĲ¥ƹݽ԰űʽ̯ӣ׷ƼһЩزǲϣַɡ
ڽֵʥһΪĽֵϣַֻоԼ۾һ˸̾ͣҿ˿̷ֵĺܣûעĸ̾Ȼܴˣʮһ½ǵС
ƽıʯ̳ɣݺüС
ڽֵ߾ǾƵꡢװꡢꡢưɣħ̵ȸӪҵԳͬʱ߸һͦε
ˡСһ³ķװ˴̸Цڽֵϡ
Ǯеλ˵ãȨ˵ĵַһһߵͷ̾
ϣһЩ㳵ַɵϹһȦֱѰһ΢΢ͨ㡯õסֻǳһͣȻͻʮöҡ
ַզ಻ѣȻǸǮˮĵط
õڣߵ˴˴õһĲ㣬ַסڵڶ㡣
Ĳĸ¥ҲУȴûôҲûô߲㡢˲ľƶ˵ĸ¥ǣطûеľɫ
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275 
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ڶִͳи˽⣬иݳѳᣬһЩڿܻѼʮȥһƷҲһһǧ𡣡ַ֮ǰ˽һ²
ϰҰԼǸ⵰ַԼռǿļңһĿɬ
ﲻζûΣգ︻ȻܶģǮȨˣӦҲǳңÿ춼ȥ֮ЩƶеĳˮҲᾭһЩʬ壬Щʬ˵һЩ֮ȥǸ塣
ҪϣʵҪĻԼʵַĸ̾һûȥڴϣ۾
ڤʵϾ֮ͨת֮͸ݷй·лС
ؿڵУɵĺɫΧƮţɫĻ
ҲתŽһ˿˿ĺɫУŻػĻܶȾͻӣ֮ǵػꡮʡı仯
ڶ糿··Ҳʥɵ֮һ·ԵĽĺݸۡһЩڵ۹Ľ
Ȼߵһߵʥػܲ
ȻûʵʵռķֵȴǷֲ½ÿ춼ǧĻΪ˸Ǵ̽һЩϢЩֲ
ԪصӶ֮Ҳֻ࣬ԵķԱͬԪصķԪߣӶķ˻ߣԪߡ
˻ԪصӶ½λǳ֮ߣһЩĹĹ߷ֵġ
Լʹ֮ߵĽҲǻܲ
糿ܲſھۼ˺ܶˣ˾ǴʿߣȻҲһЩ壬һҲǰտĹ㳡ռˣһΧһ˴˺š
ַʱҲΪԼҪǿΨһĽݾҵ𣬲ֻԼܸյʹԼʵ
Ҫ˵½ϢͨĵطʲôطȻһЩĵطˣַŻһϾ
һĴţһɴȥ
٣С㣬ѯһϢַ΢ЦŴķС
ŶӣҪѯʲôϢСһְҵ΢Цʵ
֪Ϣ֪ܲṩַ΢Ц
棿Сһɻ
ǵģ棡ַΪϷϴ
ٺ٣Բֻݴ˵һεĳֶѾǺüǰˣԡСһǸĴ
ŶǡַβסʧҪЩϢ
ι֥ϺʥԺһ¡һ󺺴ַʻŴڣߺȵ
Ŷǲ尡ʲôٺ٣ѲɴҲϺѧԺ֥һħϵϢһЦ
ȻǣǿҼǳСӽûϣȥٺ١һЦ
ţȽѣϺѧֻһǧҪ֪½ڵ˿ڰһҪ䲻óʮ꣬ڶţȻҪһȡʮֻλħ޵ħˣȰ㻹Ƿɣһֻд½ЩŲпЩˣѧԺʲⶨѧԺʦ԰ѹأǶһЩײϵļһҪأ²ʵҪǿǱҲһҪ
ϺѧԺַ˿ûʲôУ°ͣ૵ϺѧԺղŴ½ĸʷϣϢԴҵ
뵽ַһЦ뿪˻
Żص¥ַߵ̨ǰ鷳ٿһ䷿Ҫסġ
̨ķæվַһۣɵȷҪסķô
ַ˵ͷеɻôô
¶ǸԲ⼸췿ȽϽţֻʣһڷˣҪתóȥ
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ˣǼ䷿Ѿˡ


276 ѧԺ
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277 ҹǱ
Һ˵ǰһϺѧԺĽɱ۹һӣΪ˴ŭѣּҪǽľ壬֪ôţӲϺѧԺѹɴ˿ɼѧԺػ̶ˡ
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279 Լ
ʱ갲ȴû˵ֻ¶ķŭޣַǲʲôԼ鷢
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ÿһצǵ棬а˴磬˸ɭĺ⣬˫ͫտĺɫ˵ĸо졣
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280 ֻٲ
갲Ҳ֪ԼٶȲַһҲ޿κΣֻôҲ벻ףΪʲôԼںϻޣٶȾȻַİ˵ַ֪ԼҲô塣
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еַָװģس̾˿ǵģôû˵ҪĽָ
ô˵ַֿһҲָһ֣һۺ󣬾յԼȥˡ


281 ˭˭
ٶڵϵ갲Ѫ갲ˣҪַǷЦ趼ϲ
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СӣʲôˣҪҲꣿҼϴ棬Լɵõ㡣λӵܣ˼ҪϸЩַʼһȻЩСĵȴв
϶ôôϻˣ֡Ѿߵַߵӵһͺ𣬳һ彣һ
ķУֱֱԭصַͷȥ
ԭǸ㻨ͷпãˣԽԽˣӵܶƺܹо⻮Ƥ죬ǿƲס¶һ˿Ц
ݺݵĿַͷϣȴûгѪɽĳ棬ֱӴַ֮дû˿谭
ӵܵͫ׾ӰȻһʹתǰһѾ˵ϡ
һӵܼһĻæ̧žȥ
ַЦһ֣˼һӵǰһӣһֻƳӵܵĲ䣬ſŲ񣬵ȥ
ҰɣҪǰûˣСүáַ֣
ĿɿڴĿַ˺þãŻعٶȺÿ찡ôϤĸо
ŶҾû˵ˣַӣۣСѾͷе㲻ʵҪҰ£һ㶼򵥰ֻһʼҪˣҪɱˣô鷳ɱҲŶ
ֻҪⷿӾͳˣĮ壬ŹֵĶֱˣʹҧź촽ݾӨεһһģСһģǺǣ۸ҽĻ쵰ѲƤ
뵽ƻһЦߵſڣ顱һѵľĽŰߺĻʵľţȻһž߿ˡ
°ַͣЦѾͷǸƿղһŵӦҲҪͻƵλľ˰ɣ
ţַȴվԭû΢ЦĿСѾͷһæµš
ôһŽ߱׼ȥһͷַվԭһ㶯˼ҲûУ̲סٵ
ַȥһȥһ鷳ΪʲôҪȥҵ㲻ϵңҲϵ㣬ҶѾװᷭˣӦù˰ɣ
ŭ㡭㣿һʱʱ㡯˰Ҳû㡯һ
ַŵʲô㰡㿴ôģĪң㡣
ĿгŭһСȴѽŤȻмŭ
˺ܾã̾˿ǿһ˿Цݣ֪ͳһɫСƤӣϢ㣬ϰҵæպضл㡣
ַЦЦô࣬еʵʵжˣΪβôأ
߹ȥַһֽӹɫСӣҲûһֱۣյԼȥˡ


288 ܣټ
ôͲ鿴һЩʲôֵǮƷ𣿡һĿַ
ˣôʵܺô򷢵ģϲº󣬱˾ͱңʲôҶܣԾʲôҲûţҲ⣡ַν
һ㶣һˣ㡭˱˻ԡҪʲôûУһ˵ˣ
ַȴ΢΢Цҿ㻹ǻĺúõģҲûʲôëڻôȥǸҪҰ£Ͳˣ
ʱ˵仰ַͻȻüͷһ壬ȴͻһŲ죬ϸһ˴ҴҴⷿӵ¥ѾͷһѾⷿ˰ɣ
˭𣿡ͻȻһŭȴ
ֻſѾòӢһͲСֻ꣬Ǵʱ϶ɫ࣬ŭ䡣
߻ģһַɫ֪ʲô𣬵òˣ
ǱС߻ģøϽҽ㣬ȻеͷԵģԱ˹һ
ǽֵǣһ϶¶ϲ֮ɫ
һǸȥͽϴǰ΢ЦԭСˣôǰ˵һˣҲ׼һ𣡡
㶺󣬽űǴŭ࣬㣬ԭһˣߣٷϻҽˣȻСҡ˵ƺԸе㣬ַһۺ󣬽ŵС̤ƽѣ
ţ˻Ӻ˵ҶĹͣղǶ̸ˣһȥҶڻ¥ͻŪˣ΢Ц˿Ŀ֮ԣڳһĹ
ģȻе㲻ţһ£Ȼǿĵúܣ¶΢ЦǺãھȥ
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˵ʵûţѻȴԣַںɢߵǰŵùңͲҪȥ
ַĻֱת˺һᣬͻȻģһ˵ĻˣĻǺǣ
ʵҲе㲻ԣֻղһ˵㻹¥ϣһʱʧȥִ磬Ŷѡ
һַ󣬾վԭһҲȴˣɫѿ˼㣬ɭޱȵ֣֣һµСӣ
Сӡ˵꣬һǺһһѻΪһƬĻַɲ֮䣬ѹĽ˿಻
ĽȻѤĿʵȴȫУΪֻ̽̽ԷʵѡַһЦθûй
ȵСӣ־͹㰮£ȥɣ׹һһ𱳿ɽشʮ߽һ缤
˲Լͬһɣһоͽַ֮ء
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ż㣬һ̣˱ȥ콣ͬƿռ㣬ͷ
顱һޱַཻһгٱ̣ǰմƬƬӰַƬӰ֮С
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쵰Щ£ܽϺѧԺĻûƽַ֮üͷ΢壬żڵ㣬һ̣һΣƹȰĴسǿҵĳɫĽӰ뵶Ӱ
ĿУڷͷ֮ϣȻı飬ַһЦҪֽɱڴ˿̴һɼǿɱ
ַüͷ΢壬òͣιżԾɸߣڰ֮з£ڵϣ̤һţסΡ
תͷιˣһ޴һľβϵĵ̣¹ҫź⣬̵Ķˣ⣬ȻǾо綾
βڷǰס裬ʵĻ棬˳βһ·ȥԭֵһߣǷշĻޡ
ַ״ɰƵʲôҲ̫˰ɣΧκԣԼʲôʱҲһҪŪһͷ൱ƾվͶһűơ
һַҲҴˣ˱Ǵﵽڵĸ֣ԼһӦѸгټôһͷޣַûһˡ
ַҲ򲻹ƾԼٶȣҪߣǻסԼֻһɾеԲסСѾͷˡ
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һ޹Ѹתնַһ콣֮ϣٴθ֣顱һ콣׼ȷޱȵĵڳ֮ϣ֮𵴿
ַһŤٵĶ㿪Ľһһյվκ̧ͷ˿ȥ
𡭡ڰУһԳХϣҲʱʱ֣һھԳõ綾һڿвϵš
һ龰ַҲ̲סһֿڱTMĻô򰡣һͷޣ磬ʲôʱޱɴ½ˣ
ʱַһСѾͷڲСѾͷ׸Լʲô鷳ܽϺѧԺ˱Ͳһˣַ֪ͬʱܽϺѧԺӵл޵ģɾеֲˡ
ϺѧԺֻ֣һϺѧԺһ־ż󱳾ӵܣһüǳӵһ֡
ǰһͷַΪǸϾûоԵ£Щ˹ʺ˵ͨˣƾ츳ϺѧԺȻڻԵɺ֮һͷħǩԼҲǲܡ
˶ӵлޣַҲţ˹ʺ˲ŵõ޵ˡ
ʱַŭҲе㲻˼ģǲ֮ţʲô鷳Ұ㿹˾ǣ
ʲôỹûСүҲˣټַ˵仰ͻȻС𣬵ɣһƲˡ
ַˣĿɿڴСѾͷ飬ֻҪ̲סѪˡ


289 ȳ
ַͻȻ뿪ȻһĿɿڴ˵˼뻹ǲһת۾ͻָ˹
࿴ٺЦǰ̫˾ˣǿͿģǵûңҲѧֶһǿĲ
㡭ҪȻɱЩ
Ц㲻ĻɱɱɣҲء
㡭ңǼ岻Źģͦؽˡ
ЦȻʲôԺֲ㣬ǹԹԵҵŮ˰ɣɲǺġ
ҧ뽫ж񶾵Ļȫȴƫƫһ仰Ҳˡ
ජ룬૵ȻǸˣʱȻҲ㲻ǼġҺҲ˻Ϊˣ
òҪȻҾͻ̲صġҺʲôҲòҧݺݵ
پͻٰɣڷ֣ҶȤѾԡҺȤˣٺ٣һЦĳȥ
һߺˣһ߲վסǰһҾһηȻ̾ͣס˽š
˿ȻЦ֣ģֻǰ߾ǣҸҵģҲͲˡ
ȷкܶɲһֻԼΪʲôûЩҲˡ
ӰһѵǰЦᣬҲˣǺúõػŰɣз㣬ҲùµⲻǺܺ𣿡
һҲܵǿһǽøʲôԩΪҪ˺ǣ
Цôԩ෴һһΪˣ˵ô
ЦϹس֣վʲôôˣѵڻôСѾͷռ㣬ʱǼ鷳ҼѵǼ屨ɣ
һ˵ʱЦǰôû뵽ˣʱ˵֣ȡġҺǸԵĻΪҲǴпʱ˭ǵ鷳
ҧ۾֪ᷢʲô飬Ҳȥ룬ֻϣҸɱ
ſ۾˵һ䣬ʹһ䣬֪ôҾֻð·
仰δ˵꣬۾˿չЦˣһŮӦû±ʲô
ķļͷλĴүҲί㣬ʱ仹磬ǾͶɣ
ҡͷҾҲ޸
۵ҡͷǲͬ⿩ãҾͰ·ѧԺĹ㳡ȥͬͬ⡣
˶챬ըˣСûôôˣʲôӣֻסҡҡ
ЦЦʲôңҾ͵ͬˣԵȣ췹ԸҲԸˣ
֣ɾͿŶһֻ˲񣬹Цվķļ
֪СŮͽˣ㻹ȥɣ˴֣˹ȥ
ŵȫˣӷҵżⶼڲͣضֻϣһΣجΣʱʵԶجλҪµöࡣ
Ŀг̰Ц⣬ͺһֻצµȻһ˺·⡭кֳܹ裬һʱ̲ס
ţ૵ҲҪˣҪˣ̲סˣҪҵطˣ
֣ҸطȥɣҾȽˣ̧ͷ𽥰ɫ΢ЦҶաͻȻͣ٣ЦҲϡ
Ѹоиѵ˾ǹȰͻȻֱ֣ŲϺѧԺ˭֪ǸӦٶ۵ˡ
˿˳ʵ˭
ֻһ˳ҪȥͺúõվţҪҲҪͷȻҿɲ֤ˡ


290 
ַַ⣬˭Ϣ֮˿£֮졣
ֱתһᣬģһ˵ĻˣҲҪҾҶġ
ٺ٣Ҳϲʹ򽻵ַûŷеѶĴү㲻ĹɣҲҹ
ʱȥʲôطС˵ķ࣬ͻȻе˽΢΢һٺ̧ͷͼԼһҲȻЦЦȴǱȿ޻Ҫѿ
֣㡭ʲô£ȴͻȻ߳һӰ㣬ҵĴүڸҽȥǸŮӱ
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ģʸƨڱ˵УٷʵҲùãѾķϻ࣬Ͻ˵ȥ죡ַһе콣仮·ʱŵƿ
áã֣ȻᣬϾϰǸƺƽʱҲĻһҲһΨΨŵŵģ
ȴ֪ǺС浽ģֶıСѣڼ޷ľסˣһֳ˵η壬ĸֶΡ
һһ󡰵ŵš죬Ѿһ˯Ůɿ
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⻰Щԥ͵ſһۣףӣɾȴͻȻգ˼£漴׹
ߵһյأݷ˵ϣȻ˿
ַЦĿ˷һۣһ쳣ٶôӹķۣڼѰ˷źãҲȥƽϵġ
ʲôıСүȥɣַͻˡ콣ݺݵһֻ̣ϰ׹һַһ
ˣһûַ΢ת侲ץһЦҲãĺͿˣҶСɣ
ת˸ͱñŷ࣬ţֱַݺݵشһȭ˶ʱ൹˹ȥ
ַһȭշ𣬵ǲľŹַ˼㺮ǣŵڰյ˹ȥ
һкַڵϵ°ȥʱһ֣ռԾ
ȵַܿⷢȷȥ׷ʱַӰˡ
ַֻЦԶԶλģԺ󻹻ǵģʱǾรٺ٣
ĬĬؿһַʧķ󡭡
û˸ҺҶŸɹһҪɱɫѿ˼㣬ɭޱȣѾ˷ŭ
쵰ΪĻᣬȻͻֵĻ쵰ŪûˣҲǲʵ
ҡҡͷֻΪˣǻ׵ĵ˷˼壬뵱ҷѾ˶ĻŰѷ˼ĴСƭ˳ҲĻˣ
СӣòҪҲҳȻһҪŭ
عͷǷ࣬ҡҡͷòˣѾ֪ǴߵǺˣߣһΪ¸ۣ
ʲô֪˭΢΢һȵ
ٺ٣ʱ֪ˣЦЦԽǲһ֣Цݾͱøһ֣ĿҲֳһɱ
ַһ·Уֱȷ׷ʱһͣ
Ż㣬˿ܻΪŮַֻ֮пЦΪʲô֮Ϊɽס⡰ɽ󡱻ʵڲС
СѾͷҲ˯˹ȥԼһᣬѾͷСĥᣬԼȣһи˯˹
ַüȲܣҶƲҲ֪ô˭źá


291 Ϊ㿪
ˣƣ͵˾ȵףСүСѾͷҲʵڲǳٴ鷳Ҳֻˣ΢΢ԥһ󣬱óԼϺѧԺסȥ
֪˶ã˯ʱ򣬷Լѵ˸ǳķⷿ䲻һǳĴ
ķ䣬һƤĴɳϣһ͵͵غһײ֪ĸȥò⡣
ϴ·ҲܺÿȴǴ˸ߣһظУںŵ׸裬ȴ˵죬˵顣
Ǵиܵһ˿˿ļį龰ȫƣҲǺܲơ
һſ۾Ͳرסˣ˺ܾãŷԼöԱġ
ԼĴǣȴûҪָоԼҲ֪Ӻζתۿһۻǻ˯еĶ㣬˯úǰ꣬ˣǻǰûʲô¡
˾ѣǵأôԼƾջһ౾ܵΣһ˿
ɳ˶ȴر飬Ӹն˶ˡ
û̧ͷֻ廹ûָȥҶúϢһɣ
Ȼһ˵̲ס̾Ҫȥˣе㣬Сɫ
Ѿͷ˴СУַ΢΢һ㶣ŻԼղ˵ʱ˸ıˣȻѾͷϵĳ
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ϻǵһñСյˣ벻סѣСѾͷһַǷһ޴ʯͷ˶ˡ
ЩһֱַİΣ뵣ҶƵĸ࣬ĵĻ˵ʱһַ飬ȴǷǰ׼õĻͻȻʧˡ
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һ뵽ַ;ܵһͺ޵ģݺݵõַһۡ
տһӣַ˹̾˿ƵŮ˵æǰﲻðŮæڰæл㣬Ҫ㣡
СǺˣ֪տۺõҲšˣƺ޲һŽַơ
һתסԳԵЦҲҾͺ޲ðȻͳжڣ£Ȼ˼һŮӲˡ
һԾַڴЦҵĺڣĺڣҿðΣվðȴŮǲĶ
һַ˵ʱȻ˵ңңҳĳҪҵæĵĲϣòףˣһһˣ˵ǲǶ
Խ˵Խڻ̲ס顱Ľһ󶴣޲ⴲַ
ַߵԶԶģ֪СѾͷԣԳ֮ЦҵȻǶˣǶ
ַװģ̾һ૵Ҳ˾͵ȷһλˣʲôȥ
ƨСôܻ˵֣СԸɱҲģ
ַЦô㻹ǱȽ˼ҵʱɶ˺ˣҲûʲôѰؾٶ
ͻȻԼַô˵ֱԼ鷳ܣǺСˣãһæҲѾ㱨ˣ壬Ͼʹҽ뿪ʡ
ַȻȥ£û㣬ֻҪСӲģٰ׽˻ȥҿɲٹˣ
˺ܾãòٺַ˵ڻ̲ס㡭ΪҪҪǵ
ַͳǰǽ飬Ҳǵǵȥ˵ƽ·ϼһֻ˵ģ޼ҹСҲὫǴؼأ
糺һˣ˵ݾߡ
ַСѾͷҪߣվߵűߵߺãΪһ£˵ַ㽫ˡ
һ£ȻΪţҪˡ


292 Ϻʹ
ʵַôСѾͷ˫ֱڽ㣬ڲţСѾͷԸַ浣һŽŸ߷ˡ
ַٶСףȻҲˣǿŵѪĻ쵰ˣ
˵ߵ̧ųȥͻȻַɫһ䣬סþһԾ顱һһӱ㽫Źˡ
ַͻȻһٶŪ΢΢һ㶣űǴŭҪ֮ʡ
ȴַصʵҺʲô
ַ˵Һ֣һ²԰㡭ʲôСɫǸҶҽ㣬Ƹ綨Źġ
ַЦ䲢ǾӣҲǸСˣģҲûдʲôҺ⣬˵ǷƸ磬˵ˡ
ҧ촽㡭㣿ʣôյģߣȴʲҲΪʲô
ַüʲô㣬ϸһ£û´СѾҵˣ治ףǡҺʲôȻ쵰ƶᣡ
ַôһ˵һȻͻһŲ죬˴Ҵҳ˹ֺˣ֪Լִַˡ
ԥһҧҧû˵塯
壡ַһԣסˣƬ̺һֹŹֵ´СѾͷ¶һ˿Ȼ֮ɫֲС˲ϰˣ
ڡ塯£ַҲӷ˼һЩ伮أ½ϼӵϹ޷˵һ˿Ѫ
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£ʮ֮˾Ųᾡ⣬ŮȻӵȴΪãֻΪյķá
츳ŮӲʹãŮջ֮󣬾ͻתһҺ塭Һ
ҺΪǷ˵츳ܡ̡Ҳһ̶ӵĹܣõӣϴӱԪػ꣬ھǱ꣬׳ǿȡ
ӵдʵķ˼Ůÿһܵô½ʿ׷ѹСӶŮ׷ˡ
ǻҺҲֻŮĸԸ֮£ӣСȴǿѵǻʲôطŮȡ߲ɲҺɡ
ף½صڵ밡ǧزžһô˶ַһɻĿ
һȷʵֻǻһе⣡˵⡯ʱȴͣͬʱϲ֪ΪΣ˿˿ĺΡ
˵ͲҪ˵ˣҲֻʡַĻ˾󣬾ûгɵվſڣϲѾˡ
ڣַ
ַȴڶŷţȻЦһ£˵һ仰ȻˣΪֳ󱲣Ȼ˼¶档
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ſַ߽࣬һ˫۾ȤĶɱΪʲô֣
ȻȴûַĻȤעȻүȻû´ǹȻȫٺ٣
ǷŵɱˣֲΪʲôҪֻ֣һû뵽ǸߵСӣȥļһǰ˵һˣ
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ߣҲ̫߿ԼˣϺѧԺҪҸ˻ûҲģЦ
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СӣܳһҪߣߺ޵ĵַһۣһԾһ뿪


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299 
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300 ޷粨
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303 Ҫ
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304 洳
𡫡ǱȻſѪڣ㳯˺ҧȥ
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䣡죬ֻ츳ޣ˲䱻Ҹ飬һŰ
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ϵĻ鿪ٽžǡޡγɵġˮŭ֮


306 Ѫɫ
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ԴһʼַûĻΪǹڵθڣʰأΪ˻ǳַһӵŭ

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̵ܶʱ䣬ḷַ́ܶûüһ츳Ǳٴ˹

ַл𣬱Ƶ̶ȣҲˣûκԥһΡСٴγ֣ŭų콣磬ֱӳǰֱӳ˹ȥ
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ģͬǻǾ磬ɫǱôô̬⵽ʲôԭ򣿡ֲȥѪַ־ȣ
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Ǳ츳ͬ壡ĿɿڴĿһ仯ַһ̶ͣʲôɫ䡣


308 ɢ
֡ޣԼҪˣӲַһ仯Ҳͷɥ
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ЩڻɱңСүȫǣַһ콣ʱУ
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䡱߿ĺҲӴı޿һɫĻ泯ַ˹
͡Ǻɫַ
Żַȴ˿ַɨһȺһۣȹҵģ
˵ţַζȻƶˣ졢ءںϺ󣬾ַԼҲ֪Լٶȴﵽʲô̶ȣ
ಣһֻһӰٶ֮죬ֱţ
ûʲôֻǼռ·Ť£ֱַ˱޵ԣ糵ִ˫ϸ΢Ѫɫ˿ߣֱַ
Ǿ޴ͷ­̺һҲͬʱֱײַ
ַЦţȫչʾ˳鷨һ֮ٶȣںϺںϣʵӿɲǼ򵥵ӣٶϣһɱ䡣
·͵ķ紵ϸһѪɫ˿ߡ
콣Я޿ƥеֱӳ޵ͷ˹ȥռһʱͣ漴Ϊ콣ӰͬʱַҲԵģ
𡫣֪ı޾ֵظ߿ţͬʱȻСͼ㣬һٶεĿ죬ôһܶġ
ۣ
ֻáۡһѾСֻһСǿűġǱֵԴֱӱѵѿ롣
һַҲûоȻ˵һ±ȵϵĵʱʩչСˣ
ȡַһ˱޵ͷ­콣ʱޱһĽӰ

ѩҺˮһƮɢȱӴ壬ǺȻУֱӡ䡯һڵϣ
͡һ׵ðһƬռб˶ɫţ
ŵڵϣΪŵıޣַ΢΢̣㣬ЩСˣ
𣡡
ת۾ַɱˣɫ츳ǱһХ嵽ǰַ
䡱һǿ³ꡱ֮һȺ츳ǱȻŭˣ˫ĿжɭɭĹâ޾ĺ⣬Ҫַ˺顣
Ⱥ糱ˮӿַã΢΢̧ͷȥޱѪɫ֪Ҫһпɱ¾ˡ
ˡ콣΢ӳճõɫ¹⣬֮һʮ׵ľ룬գ۱


310 ػ
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Ƥ΢̧콣̧΢ټһҵĽһǱͷµµĹ˵ϡ
𣡣ȺŭַͣĹһֻǱ޵˵ûǶһ˿η塣
ַɫĮĲϻ콣ǰ֯һƬƬǽƬĽ֮УԶĽгɼ룬λƵˤ˾޴ĿС
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֪˶ã֮ǰյѾǰȻҲӵһɫһġ
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ַɫһ䡮ԡһ£ڵϣϵĴϢű˶ܿƵز
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ַԽԽߣΣѾ̧ͷһַΡΡȡѫ¡
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Сһȡһصַֻоһĸоڣմʹĸоؼ
ʱһᣬһѣεظоӿַԴַ۾һգ˵ʶһ˲ȫ˯ˡ
䣡
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Ȼַʧȥʶãַ˴ԶһƬɭʮӰ˷Ծһ
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ˣСҲ˵׼ԾӦ׷ʲô£ΨΨŵŵ


311 ۴
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ˣɣȴһµǰȻ
ʲôÿ챩ȵ
ˣأǷǼ£ڸȥжҲ٣˸ϽȰ˵
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ϣЩһĲڡΪ׵ĺ˵ڣȥ٣һǰ֡
ȻһСǲΥӲͷƤִӸɢԾУƬ̣㽫Ѳһ顣
ȷѰЩһѾ˺Ϊ׵ĺ˱һ£һַѪеʬ壬ɫֱʮѿ
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ȷַûһ˿Ϣݺݵһû뵽һ˿ϣҲˣɣӣ˭Ҳܱ⡣
Ǵɣɣѵĳʶ֪ΪʲôĴأüëһƣ૵
Աߵ¼״Ҳ֪ǵʶҲַ֣˿Ϣˡ
ˣԱߵˡܣˣôܻȫʬû츳Ǳʳ
ѵĽɣ£΢΢һ㶣عе㲻ŵ
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ˣ㣿ôУȥɣ˿лΪģ΢΢һ㶣æ
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⡭һôһ˵Ҳٶ໰֪ȷʵǿġ
ַʬ壬Ĭһ΢΢̾Ϣһڵ죬¼˽ʬʰˣڷ¶֮У
վںԱߵһ׵ǣˣ
ţ΢΢˵ͷתż뿪ˡ
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ȵеߺֻһƵͳ϶춯֣վװôϽҪȥʹ˻ˣ
ΪˣѾ죬ںòҵˣȴֻҵģᣬʵŶ̧ˣﻹڶˣ϶Ը
ô죬˷Ը£Ҳ죬ҿûݵ
ҵиӣʡֲ£֪ԸԸ⣿
ʲôӣ
ﲻԶһСӣҲ֪ǰʬһףǸɾ䣿
ͳҲ̴üüô졣
Ƕˣ˭Ҳû飬˰Σַӱѱ˺ҵ̧
һֻһ˵ˣ
ţһֵķ洫ġ顱һ죬ʮңԶӣǵСҼ
ֵܣúõŰɣ˰̾һѽַѱ˳ȥ
˵ַ׹ĹУ޷ӦȻ׹˴ԼʮӺʧȥʶеַȴͻȻ۾
ֻǷȻ׹׹֮ƻȼȻһȥԼǷǵĽ
ɲ֮䣬ȻƣץסһѶ
˿̸޷оץסʲôȴҲϷֻ֣һ׹һΣȻͣ
ãŸſ۾ʱ֪Լץŵֻһѹĺɫɽ٣ɽϣȻȴδ䡣
Сүˣַ˿ͬʱҲЩ쵰СүûȻ뽫Сүˣ⵽СүǺСү


312 һ
ʵַЩ˵֮ǰͻָһЩʶЩ˵̸ҲˣֻκΣԼںϺ󣬷̫֮ǿˣȻӵʶȴǿڲܶ۲գһˡ
ЩҪԼʱַǼˣֻʱȷʵûкֲܶ˿ǿȴапࣺңָǺãǻ񰡣
ԼޱȵӹѪɫɱΣһΣ·ѹȥʱһΣյ⡣
ѵԼͷһһַеʱǳ
Һ޾֮·ԼڼȽ֮ǰ֫Ȼָһ֪ȻʹһЩĶġ
뵽ַҲǰ첻ѣعȥֻ氵Ҳף̧ȥȴǰɵһƬ߲Ҳ֪Լжˡ
ƶһӣֻɽٶ䣬ֻԸƬָܻһЩȻ跨뿪Ҫĵط
μ䲻ݷΣ˵Ǿһ˿Уƽʲô¶Ըˡ
˰ʹֱĵףȴҧأס޷ܵʹ࣬ɲ˥
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ķ·ѽԺ˿ȫյһʮοɽϡ
ҪԼΪʱʲôǴʱ˿̣ȻþеĴʾҲ޷Σգֻȫʧһͨ
ַȴȻסԼֻ֪˿ֻҪ΢ңҪ׵ľ֮¡
𡫡һŭͻٲݴСಡһ졣
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Ŀƣ˲Ҳ˲עַ۾ݺѽַգҲҶһ¡
ַֻ޳Լǰٵɫնɱȴһֻ͵ȵɫǱսϺעǷ̡
һǱ޿ȳ֮ŻַȴȻҶĿⶼգһ£ƾϵ亹˳䡣
Ҫ֪գһĿ⣬̻ὫǱ޾ôݲɥ޿ڣҲҪھ֡
Ǳ޵ĿĹâɢһֳ֮ɫַ˫ĿӣƺҲЩ;
ַҶ
ֻǾǰһսˮ࣬ʹַܣֱ˿̲ŷ̵ʹ࡭Ȼ˵ʹ໹Ҫܡ
ޣʹнš
ͻΣִһ϶ûСص죬ʲôסˣǷ跨ȥ
ͻȻ洫˵һѧԺػԼˣַͷһϲҪ
ֻ̱ҳκ춯þǱޣһھͽԼˡ
ֻΣϵ϶ֵˣҲνˣǻϽȥ˻ϰɣ
ַǱƣһ˵Ľ˿ֻҪһ̿ԵõԮ
Ԯδ֮ǰԼȴضǱ޿֮֪Ķ˽ߣַҲҳڽк
쬣쬣һԾ֮Ϣ
ַ̾һҲֻܰףԼˣϣǱûзǱɽ֮Լϣȫ뿪
֪˶ãɽѾˣʱ໡Ǳһ˻ַͷһһ̧ĿǱȴͷӹ˶Уŵ񾭣ɳ
ΣδȥΪôõĶţַ֮ڸվûˣղҪǿһǿҾ֧ţԼץסٵȥˡ
Ǳ޲ȥַʱȫ·ǰ··
һ·ԼȥֱԼɽȣȻȫˤ߶ϣѣĿȫǵĲģ
ڶ·ԼǸĺڵɽֻǱһڰԼˣʹ죬ȻһֿܣԼȥʱûֻǱޣԼôһ˿
·˿ֱòˣ˽ս֮ԼץɽٵѾַͷһݡ
Ŀһ׵ɽȣڱϺݺһţԼһѸٵĶұϵĺڵĶڴȥ


313 Ķ
ڵıԵַþ϶ڣұϲٵڻĵ˶ڵϷĿĶŶ棬ϸһ
ַ΢һȻӶϷԾ£ڰһȻɽ֮ڡ
붴ںַʱһҵĻѣֻǰһϸ۲ⶴڣ͡ԡһֻܡˡ
ԡѪþѪɫĲ񷣬ѪɫĴѪɵһƬѪԡѪþУ·Էֱ棬츳Ǳõķ
ԭҲμ˵ˣѾ׵ȥһ룬ɱ¾Ȼڼο˽治֪ܴˡ
ʱԵַȴ
ֻȫѷ·˺һ㣬ʹѽľʹо֫Ĵڡ
ûЩǸϽ̧ͷѲΧһۣȻⶴйַ̫˵ûʲô⣬˿ܵΣܳһʯͷһУĵģӦûʲôڣַһɡ
鶯һȫ⣬ַеһʹֻԳԼһˣȺճɿˣ
ˣַ˿ֱ˵ϡ
ղһʱ䣬壬Ǿϣַŵ˼ޣղΣյʱ򻹺ãʱȫˣַȴе޾ƣӿֻϢϢ

Ϣʱʱ˷ǳ졭
ұڶѨУַЪϢһеָһЩվϾܾô֮أڻǸϽҸȫĵطָʵҪ
ֻǱ츳ϷŪĳַԴ½ΣյһΣÿһ붼ܱɱ
ٺҲַһַҲǿҵĿǿʵ
뵽ַվǽӾһʹķε۴ҧأŴȡһѻѳ˿״Ʋ󣬲ŷǰȥ
ǰĹߣȴǲûеǰ谵Լ֮Щʱַ֪ӦǬ
סϸѡŵ·ԼǳȥǼⶴȥýϸãʧһȻСʱܾûˣ
ϸĿһ󣬱ѰŶȥһ·СɽڲǱ츳޴ڵģַɲ뾪ǡ
ֵǣһ·ûб츳Ǳ޴ڣһ·ϣ˽Ų߶ϸС֮⣬졣
ֻϢԽԽʪҲ·ԽԽأ˶֮УХ졣
΢ʱַĿ⣬ڶϻɨ˲֮ȴȻͣһڵɽڴ
ͫͻȻ΢ű¶һĵЦݣŲĳǰһ磬ʯϵĹ٣ȻõüΪַǷ˴˴һ㲻ͷ
΢۾Ŷ΢Ĺַƺܹľķ϶У֮ʯϵĺһڿն
жüһַпϲٺ٣ⲻƣָʵһ𣡡
ϣⶴʲô޳ȻǿˣǰһַǺɽףҲЩǵ뵽
תͷΧĿһۣĵܲôˣƾԼڵʵⶴһֻʲô޵ģͻû˵ⶴڿѾúܾˣӦûʲôŶɣ
Ŷڴܲʯ٣ַüͷ壬ַͣŪһ˽Ķں
ַͷϸЩ亹Ҳ΢Щ٣΢˳˼󣬲ſЦ૵Լڿһͨ˶ˣ
û˲ʯڸǣŵ⣬ַǽĿνĶжˡ
ʵǽסڵʯȫɨ壬Ҳַͨ˿ȷⶴӦòʲô޳ˣȻôСЩʲôǱ츳ôܽˡ
濴˿һƬڰȴŵɢȥмͨĵ֮С
ڶڵܣŲٵĵ̰ĺۼµľԶЩ̣üΪģַ淢ֲˡ
ⶴҲǰھģҲǺԼһ⵽ʲôңӵεĵطھһ֮ء
ԱԼǿˣﻹпʵԼŪЩʯͷ۵ġ
ֻǣǰ˳ԼʰֳɵҲٺ٣΢΢һЦַڵĶڣС˽ȥ
˺ڶֽغú󣬱㿪ʼɽɽ󣬳ߴԼҲֻжɵӣһʱѳ´ܵʯڡ


314 п
ʯ֮ϣһЩԼĿ̺ۣȻڿ̺ѾģַܹϵһЩּЩּӦñɽ˵µ԰ɡ
ŶڵײǷǣַҲû뵽С˾Ȼڿɲʱ
ϽָԼʵҲһԶ˵ˣ
һЩߣڵϣĿ񣬰ա鷨֮ķԼĺɢ㣬ûӣһּķΧΧԼġ
л㱣˯˯ѷѣ޵Уһϣ»ع鵽ʱ
ԭСƽͻȻ˼ţСƺ΢΢䶯һȦһȦβУСԵ۶
̣ƺĳ΢ɲڲϾۼۼپۼ۳һ˿΢
붨еַһɸԼĻҺû뵽Һ˹ЧһϲԾ˿Ƭ̣˿γƣȥ
˿ȻӶƵָӣٶȴĺñţȵһǼ֮ˡ
ַûм֪ȻԼڻʧҪָȻѵĽȻĵĿ˿֮׵˿ʹ֮ھС
֪˶ãٴλعСʱ˿ƺ׳һ㣬Ҳһ˿
ƶһ˿ͻȻļĽַΣЦ۾Ƥ
ԼϾûСٹȡôʱûʳˣ췴ҲȻȡˮ⡣
ҳԺһЩˮΪ֮һ񣬾ȻΪָЩԼǰƣͿҲⳤʱûʳеϵ
֫չڵأַиȫļ񾭣ȻоٴĬĬϢ
Ҳ֪˶ãܵϢе˿ϵΪܺг֮ʱ滺תĲʼ
ǣ˿ڿ߾ۼϼ벨Ƶϵ
ܵۼĲʱƿʼ٣ڼ̵ʱھʹﵽ˷ǳ˵ĸ١
ʱַ쾪ը죬ĺȻԳһһȪ˳ȥΧʯϳһڴĿ
ַһʶʶȻָæʶڲȥһĿַĿɿڴ
ֻƴ˿˿Ƶİף̣̲ȽȽ뵣Щͷ׵岼ơ
ϵСһڴڴڵʳЩС˷ɫ
ҴʱڲϵͷŵһɹɵĻܿȫͱˣҾҲһţƺݲٶĻ
ַôҲû뵽ԼʵȻָˣҺǰ˲٣ȫЩܲסԵЩӴĻǵЩʹ
֮µַֻŬѹЩܵһСھеܶȡ
֪˶ãоԼʵڲٶԻѹַεͣ
еĻѲ˿״ɼСѹʵһţ뾭ʱЩѹʵĻβһת֣֮
ַžеĻѾˮĳ̶ȣ㣬޴ǻǴɣ֮Բͻƾ硣
ַԼӦȱĳףƻԼľӦûûĵһ㡣
ȻַЩʱͻȻַƵСһ̧СԴԼһۡ
ַе֮ڲԼԼ
Сһ￴ԼһۺȻתСԴ˿ǲѾʵʵĻһۡ
СһСһи³һʵ壬ַ⼸иܵ츳Ǳ޵ϢȻСһԼͨѫȡγɵġ
Сһ³ôһСϾȻ¶˷ʹСģ壬Ҳĺ
ʵСһﲻĿУһ˿Ϣ˳ǵСֳʵĻڡ
һһˮν˹̵͹еĻʱʼ˾ҵı仯ַеĻӿѸ֫ٺȫ
ȫʵһɻֱַͷϷȥɫɫٻš
ʱɫǣת˲ɫͽͣɫ
˷


315 
ַ֪Сһ﷢ǼԼͻƻƾ磬ԴˣַȻɻѣ̫Ĳ˼飬ԲЩʱ
ַæŬЭֻת
ȻתУͷֻɢĿֲַȴǺȻѣͷһԼԴҪΪĩ
ҺַԼŬЭ£ͷɫɫڻָƽֱӿ˵ͷ­
ַһ漴ʶڲȥ
ھлڷֱ仯Сһ̳岻ʵʵĺɫ
Ǽ͡һһ˿˿ɫɴɣȡԭĺɫ
Ƶıᴿž޴ʹͬʱҲѸԭеĿȣַʹš
ƵĺɫԴԴϹ룬ɫɵٶԽԽ죬ԽԽ࣬ɢױȵĻʹѵľϸַʡ
תԼǰܵʹҩЧ˼Զ˵֮⡣
֪˶ãȫ͵ĸоͣԭʵʵĺɫȫתɹ˿˿Ƶɫ磬ھпתΪһеͬʱҲʢ
עһ˿ɫתϣһƯַ˳չ˫ȣһվ˵ϡ
˫һⱩۿơ䡱һʯɽǶɳɽ˲ɳ
ԡѪþеĻƾ硭޵еĴڣֱۣսȭͷַ췢泩ĴЦ
ԼȻڡԡѪþͻƼ޴ﵽ˻ƾ磬ɹ̤½ǿ֮УڵҲڿԷ⣬˵ɱˡ
ҸҪǣԡѪþУޣ泬Ǿǿ߾Ͳܽ⡮ԡѪþҲֻԻǾǿ߲ĪΣա
ԼڡԡѪþоȻСһİ뵽˻ƾ磬˵Լ޵еĴһ뵽Щˣģ
ͻƣַһܣһ츳ǱЩܡ
ǰѧԺ˵ͨѫȡ󣬿ھ˱Ǳ츳㣬Լ²ⲻⲢ츳Ǳ޵á
ռ츳ǱãʵգǿԼġ
һ뵽ܡǿԼַ꣬ˣΪΪˣûʲô붫ǿꡣ
Ҫ֪;֣ǻ߻ԪػߣǵĪĹϵ
һˣ׼ȷ˵κҪظʹӵлԪػ꣬ǿȲߣԲȡøߵĳɾ͡
ȻУҲ𲽻سɳٶȣ˵ǺԲƣǿȡ
츳ǱǿԼꣿַеⲻ̫ˣһе˼
ȷʵʵΪԼᵽ˵ģֻҪͨǿԼ꣬е̫ѡ
ʹԼҲǾһһĲʹԼлŴ󲿷ֵʹȻȻԼܷܶ֡
ԼˣһЩμĿߣҪͨȡǿԼ꣬¸졣
壬ǿԼ꣬Ҫﵽһ̶ȣеҪҲ̬ĺܣַ΢΢һ¡
ͨ壬ǿԼ꣬ٵͬʱ츳Ǳγɵſȷᵽ档
ͬʱٵ츳Ǳޣ˵ͨߣͻƵƾַϣҲֻӡ϶ˣҧ󡭡
ط˵ͬʱնɱ츳ǱޣܴݴˣԼ¶ûһ㡣
ǿ꣬ҲˣԼǰںϣնɱٵ츳Ǳޣлһٶֻɫġ
γɵԼȫպȴֻǽһ˿һ˿Ҫַʶˣо
һ˿ҲСһ³ǿʧˡ
С̳ʱ۵ģַٺһЦСԡԼǡ
Сһƴʳողųôһ˿ȻַͻƵĹؼʱ̣СĲ鲻Ը˳ִԭˡ
ԴˣַҲֻһЦģԼˣʱԼٸСϲ͵ˡ


316 ռ
뵽ַֹͣ˼̧ͷ˿ʯһۣ΢ЦԼʵѾָһһ󲽣ԡѪþߣҲûϵˣҲʱȥˣ
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סһѺǣһᣬꡭµԵʣݹǣȻССһ֮Ūɢ˼ܡ
һضѵĺǣַڨڨһЦٴζſݹǾһȻӵһЩݹǡ
ʰǵʱͻȻԡһ죬⼹ʯϣȻһڽɫľȥ
ʲôֹһַƶĿ⣬ͣž֮ϣɨһ£۾ȴͻȻһֻǾչһ¶ɫ塭
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һչ͵غһַȹĽѿݹǷ˶УȻʯ֮
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ڽɫỺչַϸϸķһ£Ŀͣ˾С֮ϣԶ봫͡
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νľᴫͣһΪĴ֮ǴﵽռԪͨһֹطɵġ
;ᣬһͨҲʹãȻǰᣬӵ־ᣬ⼸һܵ顣
ΪǻĿռԪߣҪһžᣬҲķʮľпһţסпܣǾɡ
Ϊ־ĹУ΢أֻҪ֮ˣ΢пǰ
־죬ȺʱֺԣһռԪƳ־ᣬҲԻᵱһţһ¾
Ͼ˭ҪӵһžᣬɻΣʱ൱ƾնӵһ
룬浱˵ľɱʱֻҪһչ˾ƿնȥˣֶΣǾ
־úܶȻĶΪ˵õ־ᣬǿߣʹֶΣѾĻҪǻĿռԪߣǷԼ飬ԱΪԼᡣ
ȻϻľǿߣһĴڣжĴڣҪǿռԪߵм
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žǸŵνַۣüʱһƲƲ˸ťԼûǴȻҲϡޱȣǮ˼۸񡭡
뵽⣬ַ鲻ԽĴ˸Ц룬ҪǧĽҰɣԼһְ
ٺ٣Ҳ̫̰ˣܵõȱѾһִˡַЦЦͬʱĬĬǮ⣬Ͳ⣬ԼᲹϡť
ֵĹӾ˽ַ֣һĭԼֻҪٵõһťԺ磬ΣٰһۺĶ֮С
Ȼ̧ͷɨⶴһۺַԾ棬һԼǰķȻһתڵ·߽


317 Ѫһ
ɽ֮ͨʮȴǳǰ
üͷܲĲַƬ̣ٲߵͨС߽ͨΪۡ
ַת˺ü䣬ԽԽȴǺȻ֣Χ¶ȣȻ֮ǰĺ䣬ԽԽȡ
ȻԼոߣǱ𵨴Ĺͷˣͷפ˽ŲַĨ˰ѶͷϺˮԶɢѪĳڣһ
ڿʼγһʵĻַֺżǰȥ
ŽߵĳڣַطŵͽŲΪѸоطе㲻ˣԴɽڲѸɨ
Ŀϸɨַأǰȴûзְֻ츳Ǳ޵ټַգգۣٴι۲˺Ƭ̺૵Լĸоѵˣ
վڶڣԥһᣬȻһЦǳԣطԼӦûʲôΣգ
УַĴĿͣɽڲλãһƽ׵Ѫء
ͬһЩѪɫľʯΧγһͰѪѪ룬һַʮԴСѪɫԲ״طС
ĿضѪɫԲַȻ֣Լǰо򵽵Ȼȫⶫͷųء
أַʵһѪɫԲȥ
ȻûѪѪȴѪһһʵʵʵѪַĻ˻ѪлһѪ
ԡһַæû֮Ȼڴʱ
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Ľɫ츳޹һˣҽѪףҲȥҲڴ½ɱȻҵΪֻǶӦڣǾĶǿߣҲɱң
ǿɱ㣿ַЩЦĿ˿״һۣٺ٣ҪҲôôʵʰɣȻô˵Ѫ޵ĻַеһԺ
㲻ţ״һۣȻͷŶҲԣμӿ˵ɣӦòŻǾ磬ǿ֪£㲻֪Ҳߣ˵ǷϻҲ֪Ѫһʲôߣ
״󺺶ַ֪ǲҲ뿪ڽЩʲô
״˵Ļôһ£ַ˵ĳ̬ɱӦòİɣѵв֮
벻ͨԭַҲֻһЦΪԼȴǲ֪Ѫ׵츳˵ЩʲôʲôѪһģԼҲһ㯡
ţôͷأ״ϴ˺춨һۣ૵㴳ѪһʥأӦһˣ
ַǳ˳飬ԺЦǱ𣿶һһֻڵ
ַǳԼأȻô棬Ҫô󺰣ģһ֣ӿ϶ڵģ


318 Ѫ
Σ״ûַĵĶĽ棬²ҪôƤ۵ģòһܺõߣɱأ
Ȼַ״ͻȻһŭܼĲ͸ȺУһ⼲ɲǼַǰ
ַצ˺ѿݺݵץַؿڣһͬʱϮز
ٺ٣˵ôϻճˣֻ͵Ϯǲ̫Ϸˣַ΢΢һЦ콣һػӰѸնϡ
໡һ飬һ˲䣬ַѾģȴһֻɫ̬ŻɫǱޡ
ŵһֻɫǱޱɱַȡԽԽɫ츳Ǳ޳Ⱥŭַ
ǵٶȺܿ죬ĺܿ죬ɫ츳Ǳ޺Լǰǰٶȿ˲٣ƾٶȣѾϵͨƼǿˡ
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ȴû뵽츳Ǳ޵ƤʮּͣȻ䵯˻ȥһǿķָ΢΢еʹ
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ңɫ츳ǱһֻֻɱȻ䵽ϻΪһ
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Լûв´Ѿ֪ѪǸѪʲôˣǸٵ֮ﰡ


319 ѪŮ
𡫣зɱеַͻȻһŭ̲סͷһ
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ˣǸղŽ˳ֽеǹʶǰѪַȻͷһȻ
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ȻǸŮˣַͷȻȻԼղѾһ˿ԣû뵽ԼηľȻôһòŮӡ
ԼŮӣһʷȹŷһͷ˿ɸ߹ķ˷ΣתתֵƤ
СӣôģŮӣСһţСʱԽΣƷ˿ƽ˵顣


320 Ѫ
Ȼ⣬鶯ˮУȴǴżֲ֮ɫַ
һԷʻַʱعһԷòַлһķ࣬һ˳ǣٹ˹ľ
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ַҲǳˣһ֮ͻָ򶨣ʵǲһˣ
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ַȻ֮ɫôˣŮһ̬ĴˣԼôܻǰС
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ȻַȴûѪĻһֱ˵ȷѪһ˲Լ֮ʱַ΢һ
ʲô˼ʲôѪһ岻ϲɱ𣿡ַüУһ⡣
ȻѪ˵ԼĻ׼漸ּ٣ҲǽĺãɲǰԷϷˣһ
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ôѵ츳Ǳ޲ͳѪ𣿡ַ㶣طʵ
΢ƲмǸ߹ѪһôܻޣܽɫȻǲᱻѪһϿɵģ
ޣѪޣַ΢΢Ȼֹԭ֮һҲӣ
߶Щʲô˵һΣѪȻǳöַҲŵһ˿
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ѪĻַһĵѾģھһո˿֮СһͻûܲСĵ𣡡
ŶˣԺܺ죬ǧҪ˵Ѫһʲôӣ΢΢ͣһѪͻȻҺңҪѪޣΥЭ飬Ҳģ
Цһַεĵ˵ͷԼղֹʲôѪһĽɰ


321 ȷͺ
ţˣղź˵ʲôЭţʲôЭ飿ַһæʵ
һַĻѪ˷ֹۣѪһĴѧԺ֮ľЭ飬˵ʲôԡѪþ޵֮ɱ¾߲㶼ò֣ҪСطִЭ飬˷
ܲ˵ϸ㣡ͻȻôţַҲû뵽طȻܡ
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Ǻǣҿӣͦİų˼еַѪ˸һ˿ɫ
ԣַܵµҲһĨΣһβУһûֶãˡ
еΣַ΢ЦʵȻһˣҲֻƾղ֮ĵúˣͲˣϣǲģ
Ǻǣ֪ͺã˲пᣬ㲻ܶѪЦһҲ̹Ȼĸ֮
ٺ٣̥֪ˣ㲻˵Ҳ֪Ҳؽʾңַνĵ˵ͷ
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쵰Сӣ㻹룡һ漴ѪһȻһѾųַ׷϶ȥ
ͬʱǰĽȵѪף£ǰס̰࣡
ѪڴͬʱԾɻߵע£ضַӶȥ
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ַٶⶴѨ޵עȻЩԴӿѪ󣬶Ѿ˵ϡ
ᣬһѪ̧ͷɻǲ֪Ȼӷַһۡ
Ѫĺ֮һɫٴ䣬һŭЯǵصĹַ׷ȥ
ùÿԵ⣬ַɫǺ죬ǡ
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΢΢һ٣콣콣֮ռ𵴲
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Լΰɣֻڴ˵еѪȻĴһԼõˡ
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һַϵɫѪĮôȡʮѪҺʮѪ꾧ѵˣ֪֪ϣ֪ж˾ҪõһѪҺһѪ꾧Ҳǲܣ


324 ׳ɹ
ַЦʹɣŹѪʲôѪҺѪ꾧ȴǴûʶ㽫֮е޵ģҲǲ֪
ַһ޶ԵģѪߡһѨһֵۣĴѧԺ쵼ȡһѪҺѪ꾧Ҳ򲻿ܣСӣѵ֪ı֮𣿡
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˭˵ǷˣߣǱ˭ѪЦһȻҺ꾧ʥ˹ɾڽ
ַͷ񡱵һʫʫƴʷǴʵľӣԼȻ
ֻҪģַ䲻ˣ仰ȴһ伮ϿһΣµӡ
ԭ仰Ϊ챦Ϊ䣬ֻǼˣͼ٣Ѿ֪˿Ѫȴ˳
ѪЦЦַ
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֪ѪҪַθڣᾹͷʵСӣǰʦ˭֧֧᲻˵ҿ㹦ȷʵȻֹܴò˵һˣʦǾ˭
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ַżοЦһֵزٺҵˣԼһλѴɫ˵ȴò˵ַ˵ѵ츳ȻѪƵһһ㶵ġ
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ַһæʵѪ꾧ѪҺѪɣ
Ѫĵһͷȴǳ̾˿ֻ֪ѪһӵҺ꾧ʥ˹ȴǲ֪ɵѪҺѪһҲʮõʱ⣬ȡôһΰ
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ۻ񡭡ƺ治ˣǺðɣҾȡʮѪҺʮöѪ꾧ɣַ̧ͷ޵ˣ죬ɴ
ʶ񣡡΢΢˵ͷѪһС׻˻֣ĵȥȡʮѪҺʮѪ꾧࣡
ѪĻָѪ׿Ц̾һƫͷַһ˿ŭȴΡ
һѪСĶһ˹ʮһСƿ
ʮѪҺʮѪ꾧ЩƿˣȡˣСĵСƿѪ
Ǻǣˣұ㲻ˣƿ£ַһӣʮöѪ֮ϡ
ѪһۣѪ΢΢ӻȡһ̣֮УһɫĹӣ΢⣬̵ĳ£ΪأѪױСĵĽѪ档
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һַʶѪͷˮĵѪⶫ֪ôãѪҺѪ꾧ȴֻ˵ǵʲôð
ʲôǵĹЧ֪˷ۣѪԱַ⻰ʵЩᣬС˳飬޷޵صð죬ԡѪþ󣬾ʹһѪҺѪ꾧˭ܸⶫʲôҸұ֤ǻǿߣҲƴģȻǵĹܺ󣬽ܾǡɱ˶ᱦˣ
˵Ͳ˵ɣбҪô𣿡ЦһַҲֻ̾ϢҡҡͷԴתȥ
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㡭㻹̰ᰡԣѪʱúݺһѪŭղŵõЩҪʱ䣬Ѫܹε챦㾹Ȼ㣿
ٺ٣ǻѪһҪңȻЩңַһԾѪѪ΢Ц
ַĻѪƬ̺Ҳ΢΢˵ͷû뵽࣬ͦģȻܲµ㣡
ʵһʼҲɻΪʲôҷǵɱңҺǧ˵ʲôΪЭ飬иƨãɱˣ˭ֻ֪ǰһΪǱӢϱүأַٺһЦǣҿֻյŮӣԾֻڶˡ
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Ѫõַ΢΢һԺƬ̺ͻع΢ЦҲɫңʱʲô°ɣܼһģ
ͬʱַҲаԵܼǸʲô壬Ǿ͵ÿԼˡ
СһǼթƻ˺ްѪεĶͷЦİɣҪ²ѵģЩغãʾˣرѪҺʱ֮⣬ãһЩҪ鷳ҿɲ
Ҳİɣһġ΢΢һЦַһһⶴѨһۣ촽Ǳˣͣ
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ַӰʧڶڣѪ΢Уĺâӹһ֮ǰçײһȭͷ΢΢յѵ뿪ǲǡ
ˣ˭ܶҪǲҺ֣ѪתѪ׵
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ߣҿãѪַⷬ߶۲ÿɷֻҪ׼ʮҲ
ˣѾ˭ҲѪѪһۣ䵭ҪٲҵĻҾͽͻѪ塣
ѪĻѪҧҧȻ㾵ҪͻѪ壬ҲҪ
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Ѫ׶ʱۣΪʲôѵ濴Ǹࣿ
ԣУҲ̻ɢѪһɱ⡣
ȻѪȴûô࣬ŭ֪֪˭ڹܵģ
ѪĮ
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Ѫ䣬ҼȻѻˣ͹ҹܡ
Ѫ΢΢һŻŭҪ£ҲӦýѪһһడ
Ϊ˽λ棬˵ٴҲѪϢ˿ȴûϣǴԽٽ֮ǰȾͽǽλĹؼһֻа˲˶ռһԺλ棬ͱ£
λ桯롮֣ѪͻȻ˵ˡ


326 ˻
ˣ飬ǾͲҪٹˣѪ磬˵һ£޵ĽɣѪͻȻתͷĳһ
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ֻĴѧԺЩˣҲԽԽˣͽԡѪþڻԽԽ٣Ѫ䵭Уһ˿
ѪУֶ˵Ｅ֮⣺ȻˣǾĴѧԺҲһɣ£ͽѪȥ죡
Ѫȥնɱ࣬ˣԵѪͻȻ
㣿Ѫعͷ˵ɨѪһۣͽνѪ޻ͻɣʡҷ
Ѫ죬ڶ˶ţãҲӣ

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ϴԭѩӥŶʱѩӥ˵ۣĪѩӥȡˣ
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Ǵ˷еͻȻɫһ䣬еãԡѪͨʱƣֻʱ䣬ھڣҲж·̣
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332 ʱ
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ѵطǳ뺦ǣѩҲŭĽе
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ַ󣬱ΪԼ򵥵ɻȥˣû뵽ԡѪþоȻֱᷢʣһ˶Ӻ㲻֪ĻϢ⵽ô£˵
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Ҫ˵ˣҲüַ˳֣
һַôһ˵ѾȷҪŲ﷽ȥʱַȻһɲõԤС
סȥˣվˣֻһҡд˶ûп壬һѾˡ
ʱҲнкҪߣιȰǰȥ˲˵ʲôһӣѤõػĻ˲ֶȥеס

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ˣЩѪˣͻȻһЩ˾ֵĴš
ַһ̧ͷޱȷïѪɫľȥ˿һƬɭеľѪз趯
Ի޵沿е֦ǻһ㣬סղŲ˵壬֮ʴսڡ
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ȻַĻչЩѪɫ֦һ־˻ȥҿԲ飬˿
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졭Ѫֻ𣿡ѩƵڲǲûʱˣ
Ǳ;ж·̣ǼϼӼֳ֮ôѪȻַĻػЩѪṥǣҲ·裬һʱҲϲڡ
һЩҶʱЩ˿ַЩ˵ѵעҪ
ַ̧ͷ˿һɫԥһᣬҧˣȻ˵ҪǳȥͲ
һϲֵܣѵ㻹ʲô취ֻҪܽҾȳﶼмġ
취Уȴе鷳취Ҳÿ˶õģģлַû˵ҲʶȤû׷ʡ
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õһתһϻΪַԼ
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Ѿп˰죬ǰѪľԽԽܼ޾Ѫ֦յĵǰĵ·ϣҲʹַٶ˲١
һ·ϣִѪɫףʱʱɰǧһûХϡ
ʱ䣬ַһѾ˼ʮˣΪⲻҪ鷳ַǼ֮
ѪɫУῴѩ׵˹ǣ඼Ѫ˿Ȼ޸ʳĹǼܣӳѪɫֲݼԵøֲ
һУַ֪ԡѪþУ˭˭ˣ뱻֮ĹϵַҲŪˡ
˲ַ֪룬ȻҲַ֪֪Щǲ֪ܣֻһ·ϿһУľ
ַַ֮һ޼սĳأԭһƬïֵܵأƬ׵ĨƽˣһصĲ֦Ҷ
ǽֵϣ˴ƬƬѪвɫӦġ
һУҵɫǳÿ
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ʲôУҪ͸ҹԹԵĴǱ𶯣ȻСүٽӳȥƵ˵
ʷȵãס֣˼ھǣͬӶŮζյؽסǳǰк
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ʵʽԡѪþǧ˶࣬ĿǰŲҲᳬʮˣټԼһ·ѪдˣҲᳬˣνء
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ϸ˵ԡѪþǧɶ½ϵǿ߰ھȻôǹϧġ
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ҪˣǲӦöЩȡȥͻȻ󺰵
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һַһԵֽѪ֮УӣҶ࣬ѩƵæеϳޱȾɫ


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֣һƾ٣ʾµģһʱ벻ףһתҵĺ
ѩҲǲ֪ΰźãѪ˻ֵһҪúõػųһȥϺѧԺġ
ЩַпЦǴسѪ⺰߰ɣһȥģ
Ҫˣ˶ЩǸϽȥɡַѪ֮УҶ󺰵
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û˸Цȡѫ£ɵ̤ݣ̤һԡѪͨ
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ַ֪ѪѪҺʱҲһȣЩһѪҺҺԣҿ϶ѪкѪҺ
һѪϺַʱ۾һֻһѪ˿߾ȻôԼϵѪƮ˳
Ȼ٣úٻһѪҺ֮һַϲ⣬æȡƿһ˿̬ѪҺС
ȻͶĿִ֮У֪˶ãַֽһ˿̬ѪҺƿ֮
ͻȻ̧ͷ˿ϿǲѾһѪüͷ΢壬૵Уûʱˣȥȡ˿һѪҺ
ΪСүƴˣַ΢΢һҧһ˵˫곹ںϣ콣Ҳ֮Уһȫ
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ѪӾ̻ͷ·Ѫȥ
ôڸʲôӷǳľȵ૵λַ־춯صľУʲô
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ַһ·ľ飬ľʯŽһƬ־Ȼٳһش·
Ӹоһţʵ̫ˣȼ˾Ȼ˴ĶѩƶһۣЦһתѪľ
գζĺ磬Ѫɫɳ̲ˮһƬ嶼Ǻɫġ
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ͻȻͨڴӰһΣһһŮ˳ͷʱ¶ϲɫ˵Ӻʧˡ
ʱĶȴѩƣߵͷǰʩһ󣬾ɳ̲޴˹ȥѩȴȥѧԺǱߡ
ٹ˰ʱͨڳ߳У⣬ͷ֮δټͨرյʱ䣬ֻʣһСʱˡ
ʱ׷ͷһ˻һۣ΢΢¶֮ɫСӿǹϵǵǰ;Сӹ棬ϴʧһɱˣɾҪԲ˶ˡ
ȻʱѪ֮Уַȴǻɫâڷ񿳷һÿѪ콣ХϣѪųŵĵھҵĲѪֱҶ׷ɣ޻ſֱӡ
ַųս콣裬һɹɽ쫷ɢʱѪ۶ϣѪķ飬Ѫ֮Уеַ֮ɵھ޴ĺУﲻԶƬѪֲѾݻˡ
ֹһʱַȻͣͻȻۡһ³һѪĨȥǵѪЦһ£û뵽˫곹ںϵĺ֢ô졣
ַһѤöĿѪҺȴοЦһЦСηƿ֮
ʣһΣûκԥѪҺ븹УɲǼ䣬ַоϵСͬʱһӿȵԪھҳ


335 Ϻ
ѪҺһڣͻΪһϸСѪɫâַĺ࣬ת
СһҲޱȣѪҺȡ³һɹɳ޵£Ѫ⡢อ·ͽ޾
һѪҺڱСȡ˫ۣȻʳһѪҺΪûеξ˫ںϺĺ֢ȴʧˡ
ѪҺ湦Чַƺ֪û¶ı飬̧ͷһеѪַͻȻɫһ䣬һá
˫źݺһ̤棬ȫΪһ׹Ųȥ
ȴǴʱѪѾ׹ǰƽȵѪ֮ϣȴѪɫĴ˷ѣѪ˵ķѪѾʼԶ׼ѪѿҪرˡ
һ⣬縡Ӱһ㣬ɲǼʹѪ֣Ѿֻĥ̴СѪܵ
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ԡѪþѪɫɳ̲ϣͻȻһޱȰĿµĳɳ̲ϻȻ˿
䣡
ſµɳ籩Ѫɫɳ̲ϳһ޴Ĵ󶴣ַǺݺݵУ
ַȻΧľĵһƬײϼˤڵء
ȻַȴĨȥǵѪӵ޼ʵˮѪɫɳ̲ظЦЦԼǳˡ
Ѫɫɳ̲Ͻ߶İ׷ͷѪͨϳһֻۣȭͷСĶڣɥ׼ת̣ѧԺʱͻȻоԼվĵطζһ¡
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ٺ٣СӣҪַΪ˿ڿෳʱһϵĹЦȻĴ˶䡣
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ٺ٣ǰôСӣͷҶ㻹ɣСͷüЦ
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Сӣʲô׷ͷ㶵զզյȭͷǲ
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336 
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ַǸֻȭͷСͨڡ顯һѾΪĹ㣬ʧˣַһˡ
𡭡߾޺һֱ˰գ΢΢һٺ󣬱㳯ϺѧԺڵʷ˹ȥ
߿ڸеַܿ˽ڣ˺ܾãҲֻ漫ϡٵؼӰ
˺١ַĵװ̾һֱӽڲ
ȴλ߿ַЦ˵ϲ㣬ΪŻˡ
ΪŻϲַһǰסĵطĿһɨķ֮ܶ࣬ǰǼģסǧˣȻ෿ȴһҲûУǿյأǧأʮûУ
˿Լ߽䣬տյģԼһҲûУ֮ǰЩԼһĿ߶ԡѪþ
뵽ַҲһңԼĻųˣλ˵ضԣȷֵùϲ
пеַȻжһİɫӰ˻ԴعĿǰ׷ͷ
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֮ۡĥɵķۣ֮ȴһʯĵĴڣ֮ҲÿһӵС
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ǵ·˿Ѱ˰죬ԼϵЩ˿ھȻˣѾƺڼص㱻չ˹ĲλѹѹҲûʹС
ۿۻ治Ǹǵİ̾һַһ㵹ڵط˸ơ˯ˡ
ա
Сӣ˯ʲôѾˣͻȻһȣַ𡭡
΢΢һַƤʱ򣬻˻Դ˯˦ȥĿųԼǰͷ޷޵ϼһҺʲô궼ȷˣ
Сӣļҽ̲ôðȻ϶ûѧᣡͷ˷۵ҵȽ̽ڲС
˵һ죬ľͳַļץ˹ȥȻЩظͷһַһֱôԼѧˡ
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˵һ䣬һĿɿڴԼƵͷַѾ߳ߵĴڡ
ڻŻصϺѧԺˡһ߿ڣַһˣѧԺĴŴп
վѧԺſڣһʱ䲻֪Ǹÿ޸Ц֮ǻĲء
βһԡѪþˡַԱһòŮ¶Цݣһ
ٺ٣ˣڸȥԺ˰ɣͻȻһ˳ڴǰ΢Ц


337 Ժ
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Ƭ̺һǰͣڴ֮⣬Ǵ˴ȴһ۵ڴ˴
Ŀĸɨַͷ΢Ȼ֣ˣȻǻϵǿߣҿһƽȶƳϢ
ȻѾͣڻƼкܳʱˣżӹľ⣬쾳磬ƺָտɴ
أԺ𣿡ͷһǿذˣһɫżݹȥЦʵ
Ǻǣ棬÷ˣƺͦΪصİˣĿַɨһת
ͷһɾ죬ʵȻǰĵһ뵽һЩصĹϢȻˣɲΪʮûͷСӣгԼΪ
ĽͷݸżһۺΪ׵İ˱㻹ͷ΢Цţˣȥɡ
СӣֻԼȥˣչ涨ǲġջżͷַ΢Ц
һ˽ȥַȴվԭûƲƲͷôصĴԺ粻˵壬Ϊүһȥ


338 Ů
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Ҽթϼһҳԣɲ˵㼸ʱҼթЦݣַֻǸ˲죬˽⣬İ˼̸ѣ
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ַ΢΢һ̧ͷǵͻȻԼǰĻӰʱһ档
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һ۳ȥֻ۽ϴһ˿⣬ȴֹһ˿Ц⣬ȻװȲͬˣϡ
һԺ֮Ⱥ̬һĿȻȻΪϺѧԺĴBOSSַԺУþ̾Ӱ
վԺ΢΢һҾ˵ûʲôСҲֻǸյѣ
λȫɫߣַȴû÷ʱ̬ʱ˵ѹ֣Ȼָоź˵ĸоì֮
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ٺ٣ˣˣүүˣ߰ɣλСˣɱŮȡЦһڽĿƵַϡ
үү֪ͺãǺǣˡŮЦסߵֱۣЦ
Ů˵ߣȴ˵˼Ҳûһһʱʱһһַͨ˿ӣ¶һ˿ɫ
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ŮԴ߶һԵַ¶΢ЦȻٶſȥ˳ȥ
ٺ󣬻ҲƵȻȴ΢΢һ䣬Ŀӥ½ַһ飬ͻȻЦ벻÷۹⵹ڳһţ


339 ٻʯ
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ⲻµϺѧԺԺԼǺ⣬ⲻΪʲôԼΪ󣬲ȥԺһߡ
һоǺԵһҲ֪һֳڳ˵Ըʹ˿û¶ɾ֮ɫ
ַթװ⣬˵СӹӹµµԺ˵СӺ޵ˣСôܳܵˡ
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ţַƽһ飬˵ͷ뵽ʯǰַˮϡ


340 
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߲ͬʺһ㣬ˮȻҫɫɫɫɫɫâӳżмΪϸСһ˿ɫС
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̫ͬһҫۣȴǺڵ÷ˮе˶סˡ
һᣬһϻعſ˿ַȻֿ˿ǺڵعˮĲ˼顣
ɫԽĴڣϸеϡһͿĴڣھȻһ

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Щϼһ˵ЩַһȻνǹͷ񣬵ͷߣνиˣ˱ط֮
ԼǸ֮ˣȻЩֻѧԺ㵭ЩҲȴЩֶΡ
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׳õѡ
ЩȻĳǣַֻðû뵽˺ȻЮβˣΰҺڻû֪Ѵﵽ˻ƾ磡


341 Ժ
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ʲô
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ַ˼Ҫõֻ棬Ժü壬ԥº󣬱ֻ֪䣬ȥѧԺͼݲ鿴һ¡
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ͼԼȴҪȥһΣΪֱַŷԼ½ʵ̫˽ˣҲҪͼȥʵԼ


342 Ϻ
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𣿡΢΢һϲַתߡ
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Щַͷ΢۾һȣæͷȥӹԺеͷҲأ߳˷š
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343 ʱ
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345 
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ŵаЦַ˫һͷ˴ϣõƿ˿Ӷӵ˻ؼҵϣʱá
ڶ쵽ʱַ֣ų˱ͨѧԺųϺѧԺ˴󶼵ķֵҡ鷳ȥˡ
Уţ۵ı޾طʢˮ֮߭Ե֮˷
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ַȺдУۻңЩһֱңһ겻̣شǻ
󶼳˿ڽǧһʵľ޳ǣճ࣬ΧӦ֮⣬Ҫһɱش˺ӣԽԴԴϵ
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һģַ΢΢һɣԼ˵һһԼҲüӰɣ
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346 ɷ
ǰͷ˳˱Ÿᳶ˳ַ䣬߰ɣǱҲȥġ
Ϊʲôַ΢΢ɻȥͨǱ
еΣ˼ǽɵͨͨ³ͨߡ
ʱһŻǸСǰûеܣͳһŽɫĿƬСɵӣ΢ţһ˿ɫ
ȥôӼֲֵʵ
ǺǣȻԡ
ѵأСָܿƽʱЦݣֻģַòƽЦп˼ֱǫġ
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˵䣬Ȼľͳַӵǰ棬ַЦ뽻ѣ֪ΡȻ䣬ȴƴ
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Ǹڵֽˣʱһ紵һ㣬꣬ȫһĽ·סһҲڵߡ
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347 鳡
һᣬַͻȻЦһǵ˹ŹֵȤҲһȴ֪Ϊʲôϲϣҽ֮أȻߡ
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348 
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349 
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350 ʽ
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354 
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ɶ˾ء׷ԭģ
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ַ˿ڲ裬ѹе컣λ֮ŮƽصԭС˵ʵЩܳ
͵ұסֹ˵̫ЩҾôһ䣬ֻǾһ䣬ֹҲδ̫Ĳˡɶ绪Ͷ䣬̬֮
𣿡ַ΢ЦСɲҪᣬҿû˿˼;ɣպױӭ£ʡһʱ䡣ֻЩŮӵģСĴڣȻڴ
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ַԣȻһ£ѾȥɶɶȻ˵ӻ治ʹй˵ףǰţɶ࣬ȥ˱ǵĺֶΣԹԣӸòᡭ
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Ȼ˵ˣַҲЦҼүҵȻҪˣС㣬㲻ȥҼүңΪΣ
ɶƳһۣߵߣµֹӾûıҪô乫Ѻ˵ˣǰʫġüͷ壬м⡣
ٺ٣Сɸ߿ˣʫҲģַ¶Ц⣬˵ʵ
ҿɲĹˣֻʵȴɶˣɶС죬Ŀϴżֱŭм⣬ʵһ˵
ַ֪֮ɶԼǰⷬǿԼǱͼ
뵽ַڵС㷢ʫ⿼ˣӦ治ΪԼѡɾɣ
ɶɫֱŭֵĿһ۵˶Ǻö˼㣬ȴᱡ˼ҡ
С㣬֮ǰ˵̬ⷬԱ˻ã֪֮С㻹˵˵ʲôɡֱַԲĵ
С椶ûʲô˼ǿżɽĺá
ɶĿһ˿֮ɫЦŵȻֹ˵ˣҲˣʵҹӣЩʫʡϵ飬Ҫ̡
ֵַʵäˣ䣬ֻѧǮĳ̶ȣ˵ʫʣǸһϲͨ
δ˵꣬΢΢鶯ü¶ɻ֮ɫʲôŵǶͻȻᵽһζζᵽκһζ˼֫ǺǶˡ
ֻɶЦֹӣɲ²£
ַ۾ϸᣬ૵㣿ţ񣬻㣿ҲԣʲôζȻˣ
䡢ʫ֮Ҳ̸ֹһ꣬ɶȻҲַ߽һ֮С
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355 Ի
ֻòŮΧһ¯ǰһɰ걡
ϺУɶߣŪĻԲϸϸĲ˿ɰ
һŮϺˮע룬д˷һŨŨĲռ䣬Ŀƶˡ
ɶƼַ˽Цкһַ΢΢һ㵣Ǳд裬üʲô衭ʱǼ̫ˣַⱭҲ˴εĸо
ͻȻָܵоַдǾ棺һôôԼôˣĪл
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Щ죬ڲ״ǰַʱȥ⡣
ȴɶЦֹӣ豭ðİʲô
ַȥֻˮڿо۶ɢһŰµľУŰζмҲ̬ǧˣ
ɶЦŲ֣񺮹¹еġȪˮ֮޶ԣ塮ˡͻɶвݸַֽһɰ걷ŵǰ
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ɶ΢ŭ㵱ǳԷô࣬Ǵô˵¶ʹ飬˿˳
ַ̲ס΢ЦǲҶôŶٴʲô
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һо⾳·ܹϤ롣
겻ַϼʱʵдô
ַЩʱͻȻƾȻһ֣֮㿹Ӱ˲ĵƮ
ǾԵķɶһߵ٣ȴһ߽Ķסַ۾ǳЦ䣬һħðĹʣַֻһۣƿ
ֻǰɶ۶üϷŵɬ׵ľ֮±Ǹ֮ͦأʵ롣
ʱַͻȻһˣСҪԼʱַƺиƻðĻͻȻ𣬻һħȻ˲һ˿ĸо
ָоǳܣϲԼԼƵ


356 Զһ
ɶ㡭˳ǸַҪȫɥʧңҪ˯ȥ
ɶһӣ֮ͦͦأĵַһ˿⣬޵Сͷ˵ĺ촽ֹӣΪʲô˯ˣȻ˯ҪϧҰ
С椻ʱʱַһа𣬱ðɶһҰԹâһһٵĵҡҪ㡭
δ꣬ͻȻ۵һ죬ϵСһͻȻָǰȥַǶʱһ壬һ
ɶҲ΢ɲһΣɫмֲ԰ףĿַϿһۣȴûʲô쳣
Ի֮Լ˷ȻǲԼڲ֪˵ַ΢תǱ˹һۻڼԼʩչԻ֮ɶһۣЦȻˣʲôĿģǱСүˡ
С㣬ôˣԱһŮͻȻַסɶ
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ŮӵĿۼԼϣƺԼ˯ҪԼˣַװͿСĸСҾ˯ˡ
С㣬ô죿һôǿ㻹ܼȥ𣿡ͻȻԱһŮе㽹ѯʵ
ɶͷһܼһᣬǲҪԴš
ɶַһۣͻȻЩõԤУѵôǿԼٳԻӦÿԽİɡ
Ǿ빫Ӿˣɶһù⡣ɶЦģôеһŮӶÿڸŮͨɱ
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ۿôأû°ɡеˣַɵˣԼֻѾͷԼ붺һѾͷû뵽Ի֮ķɾȻôء
еŮַǰ仰һ죬емȴĿɱףСһĵúϷŪһء
ԼɣµɶٿǼӲĵһַۣûɵһ̣׹صɲǼ䣬ٵĳ˹ȥ
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ӼַߣǾȣټ糣Ծ
ɶ΢𣺡磬Ҫֹ֣Ӷûж⡭˫ŭţɫգɶĻȴֺ޺޵΢΢ͷ˺ڰ֮С
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ôַĬƬ̣ҲףҾͲҪˣԶһְɡ
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357 
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ȻɶȴЦԷǣ˵áµַַ֣Ȼô˵ɲѾͷῳԼæ۵СѾͷƬӣ濳ң
еδɶЦһپ٣ֱۣһ졣
ԱЩŮַҲΪղһ֮ʣԶŮͷ׷סѽг
͵ʱһ𵶱һ׹У׹ɶѳֲסַɳɣಡһûǽ֮С
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СҲԶͣţǸ͵ѧԺſھͿˡַͻȻֵĵ
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Ҿ͵ˣֹߡɶߵ
ַЦߵſڣȻתͷˣС㣬ǸЩѾŪȥˣ
ɶ洽ЦİɣɵĶǹͣǸɫӣȻźš
Ȼ˵ˣǽˣҲЦҺˣӵŮ˯ȴֻС졣֮⣬ź˺ܡ
ɶƳһۣߵߣΪҲ֪ʲôҾǰŸŮ㣬µŮϴϣȴһܵȥˣҲŲĵ
üͷ壬м⣬ȴмЦ⣬⼸仰Թ
ַЦűŮӣȻܣСĻǾͣٺ١
ô˵ЩҪŶɶС죬Ŀϴżֱŭм⣬ʵһ˵


358 Բ
úúãҾͲ˵ˣҲַһչǳ˹ǿϧСǸŮӣǸöã˿һ׷󣬿ϧϧַҲʧ˺ڰС
ַʧͻȻһ󲨶ȫ۵˳ַʧķĿһ˸ɶС㣬˸ղ˷Ϊʲôɱ
ΪʲôͻȻԴ˷ųɱɶɫһûлشǵĻʵ
˾Ȼܽϵ⣬ȻӦСˣȻ
ߣظ޴ҾͿѶԴЩüĿȴȴˣɶͷ˿һۣӻֵˣȥɣԺûҵҪ
ǣ΢΢һϰ׹һˣ˿С
ʧɶַȥıӰͻȻ洽ЦһﵽǸ쳣ȤˣֻвԣȻˣѵɶôûô
һԼҲΪ֮ԵݣɶͻȻЦ˱Сӣô𣬺ߣһģ
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С椣ʲôٱħŮʲôرջ治үңֻСصǼ£Щ°Լûз
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ҺˣңӣǡŤŤһ·ַ浣һ;ڵϡ
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Ӿ˼ַֺѧԺȥһ·ϻɶϵǵ⣬Լʲôʱ
һߣһ񷷢Ŵ룬תƼ䣬¶һԲ£Բ£ַһ૵ԲԲԲһĸԲ֡
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ҪС㣬һ֮ҲǲɣԲʡ汻⿪ڳˡԡ󣬽е֮⡣
һ֮⣬һ޽֮⣬ɶΪʲôҪˡ
ַ뵽ʱ˫һҿ϶磬޵ڶ֪ԲʡǶ١
ɶ⡮ԲʡشĿģʱһԼһԼҪú⡮Բʡթɶһˡ
ϲ䣬ӣߵ˾ѧԺԶĵطһεδЩꤵ˶
ַͷһһѩ׵޽ǳӶ߻ʻһ׽޵ӺͼҶ޽ǳԱߡ
ֻ֨ż죬޽ǳͣ洫һŵģƴô
ӣִ硣زᣬҪܱߣַ˵ʲôȴ鷳ˬʻҲû˭˳ƾûĴ


359 󹷵
󵨡һŭȣ޽ǳԱ׽޵ӽͷһ˹ִַָūţôĵӣ񡣡
ūţַе΢΢һ㶣Լȫ´һţȻԼһװͨ˱ǲأԱӱǲһΡ
ټԼڷӵӣеӵĸֻ࣬ѣ쵰ô϶үӵūš
ַ̧ͷ˿ǰӣʮ꣬ĺԼߣõǱãŨüۣ沿Ƿʱѩ׽ϣŭ֮䣬ݣǸˡ
קøƵļһһﳤôַͶ䲻ðˡ
ӳӵԼַŭȴȥӣֻ޴סҵ·Ϊ⣿
ȴǵ֮Լŭūŵǵ˺ܣȻҰүұӽѵѵ㡣꣬𳤱ޣַϺݺݳ˹
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Ϲؼʱ̣޽ǳһŮӣȻĸպõַķ·ϣΣַֻðг˻һٳ顣
ȴûһĻлūžȻҶٴȴǰŮӵ繫ӻס֡
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Сһ㶣̶ͨ죬˵˵ʲôѽʲôѽ
ӾȲĻᣬСôһ£
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ţ˵̾ʲڽϣȻͻλֵܡ˵ַָָǶԴھ֮ʵ˻֮꣬һʱ֮䣬Ǿ֪ѣǧ١
С˵һѵķϻҲû˵ҪĴ𰸣ʵСģɾ㲻Ľֲȥʲô
нп࣬ǰѾͷֻǵԣ£ȴǱ𣬼ѹˣҲЩǣӿڱôɾˣֵһ·ȴ涫
˵ΣһʧĪ̻֮أôˣ
ѣСѱ棬ŭɫת䣬Ļ
˭֪ͷɿͬʱСԱߵǸһЦǧĪϵܵĵͣ˵ɵӣūûвϵġ
־ŭԼСɫףĿлųʱĽвãǼ䣬Сú޺޵ַȵͷģҲʲôˣҼСǰúõģЩ󹷵̻ˡ


360 Ӣۻ
ַһĪǸȴдЦУúãһﻹС
СĿһתַּװȻȴƲһΣ㽫Լмֻͣǻװ֮أʱߵūţ֪Ȼ˽Դֵط
һ˵ţСһеǰַ˵һĿɿڴĻūţ˽Դү죬һٺȻ̴һ١
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ҺԼҵūţȻӿûˣֲôС椣һӡ
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⹫ɤָּ⣬̶ǳ֮󣬽е˶ˣַúܽɼŤͷȥ
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361 ѡ
ǵүٿ̧ͷʵҲӢۻģô֪ϴţҺû㰡
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362 Ӧ
󶼱̹СһˮԣһıĶƽϣһ۸Ҫҡ
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363 ɱ
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364 ˮ
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365 б
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ţ͸ˣ˵طҵĲҵʡõʱֵܲᣬԼҲֻǸߡ΢Цҡҡͷơ
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366 
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۹֮УʵϣɼȻһҪ۸Уɼһָ
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˶ӶʱַЩͣ沿һâϼʱӷַģ¾ԼҲһϳ
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һۿȥ˵ȼȥ룬ǲȣһη¹⣬һȴһˮϡ
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ſڼȫװĻĿУַľֱ˽ȥֱĿڴǽϵıڻϹ˻ᣬȻЦʮڻﾹȻķƷɼҲô
ʱһַ׼ӭİʱüͷһƣŭӿ̲סҪ
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˴СĵѪ꾧Ȼݸ˷ʦ
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˫۽ĶɫҺ壬˫ָһУһöϸָ䣬ϸ֮ϣ΢Ԫ֮زĵɫҺ֮Уʱɫһ䣬ȻʺѪ
һĻɫ𽥵ƽתأƬ֮󣬽ɫҺսƿУĿٴɨַ֮ʱ߰ϣһתͷ˳ǰδֵѪ꾧
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ţʱԽԽá
Ǻǣû⣬ҰɣѪһüǮġЦŵݹһڵƺ롣
šֽӹƣַҲֱͣ˵עУг˷䣬ΪԼ׼ĹȥԼҪģڿΣһ͹˰
ҲãֶԽԽãҪǶˣñɣʱһСģ˲鵽ԼͷϣǿɾͲˡ
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369 뾺
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һΣȫ۰Сı̺Բͬһȡ̲˵ľޡ
ʱ֮УŮ˵ĿŴˣַǰŮ˵Ŀ̰ĹâʾȻһУҲҪõ֡
ۿʼʮҺʮǧٽʱֻʣַԱߵһ֮ھˡ
ַǸʮǧҵļ۸˶֣ʱַĺڵķﴫһŮ˷Ц
֪˿ͻȻֻڴ֮еһͻȻɿһʮң
ַǷŮԴ˴漴ӦַĲ룬ʱǲ֪ŮϣӦüǾǷŭΪʱѾֱӴʮң
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ʱַķͻȻһϵЦֻЦǳ磺죬ͷˣٺ٣
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ʮŹ۰һңɻ˼ӼۣƽĳУ̨ϵŮ΢Ц
ΣͷǵŮ˭ɣַɳվչһӣ˿ڹ֭˷۵
Ȼ˼ӼۣǴΣʮŹ£ûӦ̨ϵŮҲǼþգӶеСʱ
֪ղŷ˷۵ַͻȻɫһ䣬ɡȡһæеһʮ򣡡

ַǮ󣬴֮һƬžǽһᣬһƬһʮһΣ֮£ǻǵһο
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ʵַۣԼҲޱȰǻ᲻֪һļǮ˵һʮ򣬾ʮһμ޼۸ˡ
ַ֮ԺһʮļǮһǿһΣҲҪŮɣŮûôìܡ
ʱ̣֮ԳģֻĵԶԶһʱȴһεϿʲô̫Ծ
üĿٿ˿۾ϴֻһεϿգԼԼȻƮһ㷢ƮŮӰ
ַĿɿڴ㶿ǸӰûǵȷǸŮˣǸǳŮˣ˿ŽɫĹΣɫȻ԰ףȴȻβǾס
Ů˵ӰһţһӰȵַϸʱǸӰȻ١
ַԼղһۻȷȷʵʵһƮһ顣
һ׵оȻôһ飬ַк棬ͬʱҲֻĹسһμ鲻ԽͲ˾ġ
˭Ǹ֪ôĻ쵰ҺͱСȫַĳʱ߳ŭַʮŷд˳
ַɫһ䣬һɱȴͻȻȥЦϤ˭ˣ
ַڴǰȥȻʮŷǸŮ˵仰һ˿ɫ


370 
ٺ٣ԭϴνԼūŵǸС椡ƾַôȷڿһɫʹˡ
ٺ٣С椣Ҫ˵̫ǺηʥǷɼѵС㻹ұ鷳ɡȡЦַľ˳ȥ
һһ˵꣬ʮߴӰʱĸͨð˳һŭݵעַڵ
˳ɺͳȫȥ΢΢һ£᷿дһȴҲʧϵ
ʮ׳еһͷ˿ӣӰԵ˵ͷĿٴַ᷿ɨбһž⣬ǳ鶯£ȥ
ѣң͸ӣҪǾһˡ£ַ᷿
ٺ٣ҿңֻǱһŮӣԱһҪһǸƾ½м۰ɡַӣ΢Цű̬
Է˱̬һɫȴû˵ʲôֻĬȻͷ̨ϵŮʾ⣬Լ
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ΪͷеˣһδεĽмһδεĳֳۣԽԽ졣
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ȻڵĽмҲѾǵĵˣԥһ£ϢվŲæļȺʧڿһС
ε۸˰Ȼʱ֪淿С椵ıôַıʵˡ
˰һңͿȥκһκһһ˿10˼СˣһУȫɣɱȨȵȡ
İ򣬿һ˿50СУҡΧ100ڵأȫڳеĽڵһУڳ˽вƲڵǳū
˰ԼԵһһ˿ϰͳˣǡԼȻͬ˷һ㣬һΡ
ԼеܼӵְַЩЦã˰죬ԼȻͷʹ׵ĸ
һǧ򣡡۾΢ź˿ڳĬƬַ֮עһģõȻۡ
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Ӯˡ˵ϣַķĴ˴α֮һϵȴȡС椣ǷƮ˳
ЩȻƬַ̺ԼԼǷдһЩС椻뱨ۣļ˸ֹˡ
ˣַ΢΢ĺڣɳϣϵĹСƷһᣬȻ۾
Ļ쵰ݣҼţԹ޵С椵Ŀ˳ɴ˴ʱСһŭʢС
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Ҷ࣬һģǿסЦ⣬ͷȴʼ磬ߵԭλ
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˺Źһǧңɻ˼ӼۣƽĳУŮ΢ЦȻ˼ӼۣǴΣɰ˺Ź˹£
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Ǻǣ棬Ǵ˴ѹνһŮߣŮһӣ̨ϵĵƹ΢΢̨ȡһ̣֮УһѪɴ
Ѫɴһƣһ΢ѪĹ⾧壬̵ĳ£ԵΪ졣
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371 
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ǰһϡ֮ȣͽѪ꾧ĺ䶯ɸڳ˵ġ
ŮѪ꾧СȡѪ꾧һӣʱһŨŨ㣬֮־ϲ
ǣû뵽˴εľᣬȻ챦֣ϲǣֱʹþͿɾ˵ԪȥһЩݻһ鵤ĻͿֱѪ꾧ϵ鵤ҩûκθá
Ƭ֮󣬻᳡½˻عһ˫˫ȵĿ⣬Ķ̨ϵķѪ꾧
ϡ֮Ѫ꾧һ飬ķϻСŮӾͲ˵ˣλҸļֵһеѪ꾧ŮЦӯӯĵ
С㣬㱨ʼ۰ɣȲĴ󺰵
ȻŮСȴǱĵЦݣװģĳ˽к֮һۺעеѪ꾧סˣŰ͵ϲ˵
Ѫ꾧ǽеļȥʿƳ鵤λͻƾ硢Իۣһҿʼ
һ򣿡仰ڹַһû뵽Ѫ꾧ֵǮ۾Ȼֱһ򣬺Լ￴ôûû۳ȥʮƷ
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һһ᳡ڶʱ࣬û˳ֳۣһƬžԳַԤϣôû˳أôõĶôᡭ
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ַ˿֮ǰּžȻȷʵǺܶ˸ûʵⶫ
֮Գû˱۵Щⶫˣ˼ɣôõĶҳ۵ĻЦģһñ˵ǹʹ
۵һλһλգۼ䣬ͻƵǧĴأַʱȴеѪ꾧ǧҩݣһĳ
Ȼһʼ֪ⶫӦüǮû뵽ֻǸոտʼȻ̧˶ǧҡ
΢һַͻعµĿڶ˵
ŴЩ˼ٵľַеԣϾԼĶñ˵ĽţҲһֽɣ
ԴǸмۿʼ˷·ͻȻһ㣬ʮļȥֻһĹ򣬼۸ͻǧأ
̨ϵСٵĿֵľŵץסԼ·찡Լ̨ϵļ¼ǱȻˣ
Լ̨ߵĳɽ¼ʮǰ½һ˽λףʱһڵۣѾȥʮˣ۸񣬵Ȼ£ΪΪǼƷ硣
Ѫ꾧ǧļ۸񣬼۵ˣǴ֮ˣѾҲˣȻҲṆ̀ôҲ޷ڹȡ
۸ﵽǧʱֳĬˣ֮Ҳûκ˼ӼˣϾѾһֲˣѾһӵʲֵܼˣ
Сܿ˿ŵĵλѾܹ˳۵ǧˣûټӼ۵ˣûУ
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˵һеĴ͵ľٵĳ̨ȥֻҪһ䣬ɽˣ
ǧ򣡡һ˶ȵĳķȥһֵ΢ЦվС
Ǻǣڿʼ𣡡Сջĺ촽΢΢鲻Խһ£ĵĿһɨԼͷϵĹͣǰϣˣξѪ꾧ҪҲζźϷŸոտʼ
ǧ򣡡ӵĻ䣬ԱߵҶҲ˼۸
ǧ򣡡Ӽ۵ȴұߵ

ڵѪ꾧ļ۸䵭һٴβϵķֻƬʱ䣬Ǯ˵ľУһǧĸ߶ȡ
ַɫȻЩȴǿܿԼ΢۾ǿԼ̲סԼ
ӣҶ࣬ٴγƬ̣ͬʱַķ䣬һϵȴǵĴ˳ڣ


372 ֮
һ䣬᳡еǰӵһĺڵĹֻþɥ˻ȥǼϲǾûǵķͷˡ
ڣٺ٣֣Ѫ꾧ڱصðͬʱһϵһ䴫˳
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ٺ٣ֶô˵ˣǺãǷɻ˳˴ξġһҲˬ죬΢΢һЦֱӴӦˡ
һԵԼ˳ģҲǶʼ磬վ߳˴
ʮŹڽңɻ˼ӼۣƽĳУ΢΢е΢Цû뵽ȻĴԼļ¼һڽǮϣԼ֪Ҳߡ
ǧ򣡡žһĻ᳡ͻȻһ
ȻһĿⶼȻתƵҶϣԱߵӣҲǱһͻĸ߼۸
ٺ٣ŶѪ꾧ҲڱصðҶЦ
ҶƳһۣĵҪǣǧǼĵߣټӼۣǼԲٸ
Ƥһƺ˼Ҷ˻٣Ƭ̺ҡҡͷĿƵͷϵķ䣬¿ɲġ
ǧ򣬼Ȼ˼ӼۣǴ˿Ѫ꾧ŵĴ£ûӦ΢΢еС
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Ǳϴڱүǰ⡯֮𡣡˵ϣҶҵĴ˴α֮ȴ΢΢һЦϷʵĵһֵǮ
⻰ЩȻƬ̺ӵɫعѵʱ֪Լ嶼Ҷ쵰ˣˡ
Ҷ࣬ݣҼţһүһǰڴΡ⡯ģԹ޵ĵҶһۣתͳ˴
Ҷ΢ЦĿһۣȻ̧ͷЩ㵵ţЦС㣬Сˣٺ٣ұǧ˭Ҹ
СƽĶҶЦЦʹУһĨ˷ܣеСҲС
Ѫ꾧ʮŹɹ
Ҷӣһ֮ļ϶ܴ󰡡ճһĻַ̲סЦЦվӣг˹
ǮõֺȻӻϣԼͿһԼļˡŵʱַе˷ܵ૵
ǧϾҵַ̿߳᳡һϾҵʮңǧϾҾ͵ڽң˵ԼҲˡ
ֱʱַһģ˿̿һз·һ㣬ЩǮ׿¶ٶ
50Ͼңȥκһκһ󹫻߹һ˿100˼СˣһУȫɣɱȨȵȡ
ԼǲӦȥһ̫ƽһĹһǳأúõһˣַ̿еĶ
ţǣԼʵۣٺ٣뻹ǲˣ»ԼɶĹشȥɣԼһĴ󶼰ɣַ˵ַ̿С
ȻһУָԼԭò·ƣǮǮǮǮǮǮǮǮǮǮŮ˾ͺ˵̫ĵı仯Ҫ۾ɣ˭ҲСϺѧԺѧȥ
һصԼСַʶԲ鿴һѧԺĶգѧԺǷѾˡ
ַǰǰԼһЩѧԱ̸ҲûйͼұĻ⣬»ûѧУ֡
ҲǣѧԺҽô̬ǳڹһܵ飬ˣѧԺҵԱҲûôˣԵڻûʧ飬ҲΪ֡
ٺ٣Զû˷֣ãȻһܵ飬µʱԼⲻҪѧԺЩϼһĥһƤ²ſɳ׽ַڴϱǳ˯ȥ
˵ģԼûô˯ˣڶ죬ַһ˯Ȼѣһڷ˼ӽԼˡ
ѧԺ̧ͷһգȷһʱ䣬оԼʱ仹磬ַڴйһ
ʵ˵ַ󶼳ǲ̫ϤΨһȥεĵطѧԺԶһЩƵ̵꣬󶼳Ĵĸַ֪
žƵ㣬ַ̲סӣ΢΢һЦѧԺԶһ¥һζ͡



373 Ĭɱ
˵ʵ綫ǲԼǰ綼Щͷù֮ĶﶼǻʵͯڵɫʳƷ
Ķһңˣھ¥ϰǺǵ΢Ц߳˾¥
Լĵط˴ԼСʱӾȻû΢΢üַһתֱӳƬԻ͵ıСȥ
תֵַ˳һľСƬ̣һΪµСׯ԰֮ڡ
ׯ԰ſڴΪɭϣȻʮȫװĻڴˡ
ӶԼĹѻõܵİЩַ΢΢һЦתתĿ⣬תׯ԰Ĳ棬СĵһϢ˽ȥ
ׯ԰ַĶ㿪һЩѲߵĻ˳һΪľķ֮ĵƵǰ档
ȴǷ֣ſڴȻȻȻ˿żɨ򷿼Ŀ⣬ȴַãô͵ʲô
ֲûʱԭڸ£ԼҪǲ治֪Ҫȵʲôʱ򡭡Ƿżַǻ֪ʲô
ͷЦһַƵĺ棬ȻԾϷСĵվľҵıԵȻǳĴ
Ƭ̺ŴԵСĸ˽ȥĵڵϣĿɨɨɫַܹ֮һģٻӰƶš
ӴʱɵЦЦǰ˼ַȻһƿӡ
˭붯ӣȻоһ紵΢΢һȻɫһ䣬ŭȵ
ٺ٣ӣɵýƵ㰡¸ɶˣɶ岻áַ˫ֻڴЦ
ۿԭֵ㰡үˣʲôʱģһ΢Ц¶Ϊ˷ӵ£ֵٵȻᣬϾͺã
˵仰ɫʱ·£ʵĺľҲ֮ҡŽĴϴͳ˻Ƶĺ
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ٺ٣ֵܾõȣʵڹⲻȥֻЩؼʱ̲ųٺ١Ц
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ˣŮӵַ£΢΢еĻӿ³
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ֵܣһţ߻Ƶģ׼ǮûСڵĶ˶٣ˮ½ڣʵ
ӣ˵ʲôҪû׼Ǯۿ⡮սؼ׼ΣǲһǮӾͿԵַ֡һ⣬ָ
ַһ̬ӵİ˲٣ǽһᣬֵַֿܣղ⻰ôеıӣ
ַбۿһӣЦӣôоȵͦߵİ˵ʵɣǺС뷿ӣӦûܽЩ۰ɡ
ɶЩֵۣܣ㲻˵İɣƵַһ˵⻰Ӷʱһֽ
ߡɫ΢΢е㲻õһַͻȻЦӣѵڲ˵滰ǺСķҵĵزɡ˵ַͣһӡ
ֵ㶼֪ˣҲ˵ǷҼСùܵġƵַľٶĵ뽵Ǯǧ𽵶ˣȻˡ
ƲƲ죬ַһۣɫཱུ٣ǾͿ˼ˣֻҪ㻹ôѣ
˵仰ַЩڵüͷƳӣЦеϷʵζ̸ǮүԼô˼˵ڣȥɣؾԼһѣӦûὫǮ½ٰɡ
ַ⻰ӵƻĦ°ͣͽţƺ˼źеС뷿ʲôλʺַ


374 Ӿ
ȣǸֵܣǴز治ģҪȥҪĿۣʱҵĻؿ۾ͲҪˣͰСõԭλô˼һᣬͻȻеε΢Ц
ؿۣĻؿֵǮַ˷ۣȷһ۲˼ӣֻεҡҡͷվ˵߰ɣȥӡ
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ڣռЩ󣬻ڳУһӰڷ룬ѩƤëʶ
ַһǺһƨȥܵµĵ˵ͷŸս΢ѵ㻹Ƕܰ
ȴǺٺ΢Цһ£ûг
ƵĳַоĻζ֣ƺһĿռ䣬˰ʵĸо
ǣʣȴЩģ̧ͷ˿ӣһ£һװһƵı顣
һﻹΪԼûؿ۶ţһ°ۣ֮ڵַֻñۼ£ȴĿĵصĵ
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⻰ַһ㶣ű΢΢ЦЦڰʾԼҪ°ɣϾϴԼǣǵ·ͳĴ֮
ȴǲ֪ǴҪԼֻǾ֮ͣұԼΣգѲö¡
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飬ַкЦȻλǸŮĳܹ࣬˲ŵӦòǳ̫Ǹ֡
ڿһɫһ￴뵱һӢ۾ĴԲȡ˵ķˡ
ǲҪˣҸ磬ˣŮŻֵ̿ɤ˲һϧ
ţҵȻţҷϵǿҵĴСӣôܲǣӴЦ壬ǲԸҵŮˣɵ㰡ҿɵǴСӻŲסˣ
ͷѵ֪Цĺ𣡡һ䣬Ǵ򿪳ţȥ
ţЦͦģַһӣ˸ǷϣһſϷı顣
ӿҪߵȺ˸ַͻȻ¶һ˿Ц򿪳û۳һ룬ֱӾͶǹӸƨɺݺݴȥͬʱҪˣٺ٣


375 ·
˭Ǹ쵰ϷŪַ꣡һ̣ģĴʱƨɴһ£ŭһܵͬҲһԻı飬úݺһ㣬Ⱥ
֪Գȴôײ˸ײһԭضҲûУǹӸײϹôүõ
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Ӹŭңҡ
žδˣѱӴ˸ӡ
ӸӴ΢΢һ㶣űǺݶ㡭Ҵң
Цôûү󣬴㻹ǰ״Ҫأ
㡭⹫Ӹһֻһֻŭָӣ˼
ʲô㣿۾һɣǳүҪ·;У˭СӣүҸղŻ飬ҪȻһֱɿ㣡
ϴԱģʮ겻дŭǣȻŭȴָе𾪡
Ӹղһٶ̫ˣȻǽ£ǾȻϴæֵķʴļһϴǿˡ
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ЦһбŶԷ֣йôҸղſǷǳòģ֣ΪʮһﻹܻţĿɨʮһˣ·ʮһ
ϴ˺ϼĴүһүǰͻȻڹӸ
ϼ壿ӸͻȻһɫ΢䣬ͬʱҲеɻ󣬡ϼôܻҵ鷳ȵȣ˵ոҪѵҲǿС椣
ˣôưˣӶݺݵؿʮˣǲ˵ҹôߣǲүָǿ
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ˣ֪ϼ˺󣬹ӸϱҲǫѷϼЦݣȻҲС椣Ǿˡ
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һﻹ찡үһΪҪһˡбʮ뿪૵
˶ˣӻعͷһŮʱд󶯣ԼȻûۡ
滨ꡢմ¶ӣףȻԼŮڵģܵ˵ȷһµ˶
Щ۹⻹ǿԣ뵽ӺٺһЦȥץסŮ۵С֣֪ʵЩһΪʲôǵ鷳
ҡҲ֪Ůӵ֣˼е㲻֪
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ŮӿҪΪԼͷ崿ȻΣҲһ˿죬е֧㣬Ҹôлأ
£ӲѿڶϰڳһȻӵ·ƽεҵ֮ӦѸӦˣһҪлĻķɡ
ŮӵĻ΢΢еɬҽк壬ˣֱҴ硭񣬶硭磬硭ס
պţô˵öǺ³Ǳ˿³ǱһǰúڷկݣþȻܳ˰ԺǽȥδأӴŵıζʵϹĵıŵƺա
Ц飬ַ̾ϢӾ˵ھӳֽ˻ѨűԵһɶɣղŵЩɫӾɫжӼֱС׼ף
尡䲻߲ûмкӣֶûǣйܽӴһʱŭ֪룬֪ӵܵҪʲô
ŤˣļҲ˵ͦصģҴȥˣӴŵαֻϣַ˭ܲαء
һλŮļӴݻ٣ַҲΣǵַͻȻŮ˫ˮەʱ
ͻȻԼıʲôУַĴС㣬ôôպһֱߵǸѾͷأһʱ䣬һʸַͷ


376 ֽ
ַȴ֪жôİࡢǣĴС㣬Ҳڵĺ壬ӳΪ˲õҵò
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Ȼ֪СôģֻҪ룬ܲ²ĳǹңַȻһԲλࡣ
ԼǴӦǸͷչŮģС㱻ӴݲУǶԲסȥͷˣ˸ֱַӴӳ¡
Ⱦຣ˵ϣַΪͻƣòǷ˺ܴĸı䣬ڵС㣬ϳһ֮Ե
ȻԼӦǸͷҪչŮҲ̣ԵݣԼܲڳȥͶ˵ιҴӦӣѾҵˣ߰ɣ
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˥һ䣬ͻȻȻллֵѣ˵Ӷġ
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ĸˣе㲻ŵ
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ˣôһСѵҪһȥɨ𣿡ַ˷۵
ΪӾȵû˴ɨС뷿ӣȥūг򼸸ߵūαһ鷳ˣ
ūҪǮ⼸˿ѵģҾŲС鷳ʲôڷկܲ׷ɱȥɣô˵ҲǸˣ£ַʱеƨ



377 ɻС
ϺѧԺ𱦼ػǺڷկȻ鷳ҵǵǼСӻȥҺڷկ鷳ǸһɱȥѰģʱֵܿ»鷳ŶҡͷԵ
鷳ʲô鷳ȵȥѰʵǶ֪Ǹˣʲôõĵģˣȥɣطˡַһƣ򿪳űȥ
˳СƵСȻʾ⺮õǺһӵһССʻȥ
ܿ졭ַ˾СϵĴׯ԰ǰǺΰ׳۵һӣַɸ̾
һħĵܣųצվǰʯ̨ϣҲ൱ڵϵĿʯʨӰɣͷȴ̫࣬а׶ߡ
Ƚõϣ˻ƽĸͼ̵ġϵĽӿҲǧһˣ
ҶŴŽµһذǰ̨ҲôˮƳɵģֻذʮ̨ףȥˣ͹һ˼ʮˡ
ԼӣҪ뼸ԺȻҪĶͷ棬͵ȥŹ֡
ڣһȳǰܶУʻʢСˮӳȤβˮεС㣬Լ֦ͷеСΪׯԺޱߵĴɫ
ͨȣԺһ·ֱ£Ҳǳݣ˱ǣԶǰһƬڴǰ
ׯ԰Ľ͸ַǳسǱʽж̨ͤ¥ȣƬϲ԰ַ죬˸о档
ƬУȪʯС£ˮβʯľס滨洦ɼ
ͨʯȣԺڣźؽ˿ֱַ̺һ߽ȥ͵һëƤ
⽫ׯΪһľլסŻеĸоɣַԺļ𣿻ǲǧһֵ
ţӺٺһЦٴӶͳһϾַ΢Цšլ֤ˣպˣӴԺССլˣ
һѽӹǿϾַʵطǺãǮôҲҪһְɣ
ôֵ㻹뻹۰ӺٺٵЦŵҿطͦİʱ̸Ǯ໵գ
ӾȻʱҺԼֶΡַЦʱĿӣĵΪ㣬طǧҪɱǧ򣬲ķϣҲΪ㣬һڼۡǧ򣡡
ǧ򣿡һ˻󣬷˷ۣĵ˵ֵܣ㲻ҪˢҰɣֲСˣôɱ𣿡
ɱûУҲ֪ҾǸ򷨣͵˺ˡֱַ
⻰ˣԼղŻãһףǧ͵أڣǧԼȥСûˡ
ֵܣҵģʵʵļǮв΢΢һ̾Ϣε
ʵʵ㣬ǧ򻹲ʵ𣬵ĵطǶˣ
㡭ֵ㻹浱أˣǧɣεĻ˻֡
ãһҲһǧ򡣡ַķŪеϾе㲻ͬȻҲҪ֤
ֵܣ󶼰ĵطǧһƤ£㿪ļ۸Ҳ̫˰ɡҲַеͷˡ
ӣǺܳԿˣһڼǧҪǻУͻȥСðƤɡַͳԼ̿ҪУھͻǮ㡣
һַе̿ʵַܲˣַɱۣԼֱӽط͸ˡ
˫лַ̿еϾӵ̿ϺӺ޺վ
ˣûôɱ۵ˡӲĵ͹ԼȥõǮСˡ
ߺãַ͡΢΢һЦĵкܶණǶûмֵģһۡѣվΪģֻΪֵ֮꣬ã
һ£üЦĵꣿԶԶԣֵܡܴܲӦ£ֻҪӦһСæٺ١ҵǮҲˡ
ַЦһȴҡҡͷĵǮûǮֻԼ˵ҿɲ֪Ǹ֮£Ժɣһ»ǧʹˣ
ʹһ뽻ѣ˵ʲôҲʹطġƵĲеӵ֪ʲôط𣿡
˵˫۷Ź⣬ݼ䲻С󶼵ɻС֪ΪʲôɻСΪСͽɻС


378 ֮
Сеĺˮů֮ƷĺȪȪҲǲÿնŮӾϷʱС֮пŮơ
ΪСˣ룬밡ǲһ£ÿŮȺС룬ֳһˮСƣһлŮԧϪˮǾܣʱԻУҸ
񺹣ٲַоӻǸʵɫǣ˵ȷʵͦأ˵ﻹһء
Ӵսַ䣬ֵܣԺҪںаѵƯMMɵΪ֪һֻռƷҪֵܰ
ȥҡҡͷԼѵŮô͸ˣ˵ӣֵҲУȻй˴˽Ů˵£Լ򲻻ȥġ
СֹһַŸǵˣˣMMҾͲˣ
ÿÿѵŮˣҶԶصģܴ뷨ãַٺЦһᣬӹ˹֣Цʱҿ۵ģȥݣŵģ߰ɣߺһҪúã
һַ˵Ӷʱһϲתַһеĵ֣Ǿ˵ˣٺ١ʱɵΪЩᰡ
У߰ɣεüͷַӵӣҿɵһ䣬ԺŮ˿ɵŵ㣬Ȼ壬¡
ַѻ˵꣬ӽӿڵҪмҴܷǷͲҪˣٺ٣
Ҳطַ΢΢һ漴ǺðɡղžʲôҲû˵߰ɣ
ٺ٣ǼҴطǲǡһû˵ַ꣬һŭɣϽת뿪ˡ
ԼѵҪĶַƵķ˷Ƥ̧ͷܿ˿ׯ԰һжֳɵأװʲôԼҲҲ簲ˡ
۾һЩԼ󣬱۾Դӽ󣬾վڴУһֱû˵ĺá
ȻãҲûʲôҪ󡣡һᣬַŵþ͵ǰԺѡطסɣ
˵仰ַһת߽ղ˼ͻȻʲôһת̧ͷĿźãУӵлһӵԪػꡣţӦöǺұľӢӵܰɣסһ㡭ʵûдﵽƾʱǧҪȥҺڷկ˱ҿɲǰ鷳Ҫ㶼ͳȥҪȻʱСһǶȥ
ģǲ鷳ġһַĻöʱ
ʱɫĿַһۣܾԼǰˣе죬벻ԼǼȻҲӲ뵽Ǹھ¥˵ɽлӵַԼǰ֮ˡ
ţ˾ˡĬĬصͷַתȻҲе˿ɲȥ˵ʲôҾ˵Ҳ֪ȥ˵
̧ţͻȻʲô
ţںɻĿУַٵסҲܰסլԺɨ͹ˣУǰԺô֣ҲܣԺûҵķԸ˭Ҳܽ
˵仰ַһת߽ԺˣֻߵʱһףһƤ顱һ䵽˵ϣһʮҵ̿ȥҩҩ˰ɣʣģȥõ·ԼϵòɣţˣӦлİɣԺһ㣬˵Ǻޣ
䣬ַӰҲʧ˴֮С
㲻ǩԼ𣿡еϴͻȻһַʧſڣ
ǩԼȻַӰѾʧǴ˴֮У΢΢΢еɻѯʵʲôԼ
һϴ΢΢ԥһ󣬲ĳūԼϣֵֻǩòǩ
òǩУūԼһûɣûϣһж˵Լ
һöʱɫһ䣬˳ַĴլ
Цͣ˻ַƵٴδ洫˳ӦòһֱΪǸһҪҵūɣǿҪʧˣҿû뷨

ϴҲȵ۾Ľǿɾû뵽ַȻ˵Ļ
һ£ַ޴ȥֻ£ǿɲҪ룬ԺͰĵסɡ
һ⻰ֵܶʱ˷ܵĿַʧſڣ㡭˵Ŀɶģûͼˣ
ĸһôҲôϻַüͷе㲻õ̬ȿɲãͼԼƾ˵һ£ʲôֵȥģĶٻɲ٣ϾΪֹǻûпʲôֵȥͼġ
ϴĿоһӿڵôҺ֪㾹ȻҪūˣôǣ
ݣǰԼһôݶУøʲôľ͸ʲôȥŶˣҪʵڹⲻȥͰŷڴլЩɣǿǺֵǮģ͵ˣڲҪٴˡԼǻʲôʱ䣬ǳһ߳ȥһߴͳΡ
ԼҪȥھⶫˡ
ҪǿС㣬ҲںѾͷķϣͰǺȥˣúˣԼԸġ
ԼҪȥھⶫˡ
ַһоǾһУصǰһһ˲ǿߣһһŮǿߡ
һּر飬γɵޱȣһǰ˵ΣҲôﵽ쾳硣
ǰΪħ֮壬ֻħ֮⹦ܽĹתΪ֮ԼȡӶһٽתΪ֮塣
ֻǣȲ˵ǿ߱ϡޱȣ͵ħ֮Ҳһļʣϼٳֹ
ĹǳɰǧУַҲֻǿһ飬һɶܺõıԼҲ֮Ӵ
Ȼ˽٣ɶĹصά̶ȣһʲôΪ֪ܣַΪʲôƴȫԭ
һϲţַ˺Ժһķ䣬ϸ̽һΧûзʲôַĽηϡ
˼һ£ַ㽫Լʶ̽εУһſڲâޱȣµĴһÿ顣


379 
ֻǣȲ˵ǿ߱ϡޱȣ͵ħ֮Ҳһļʣϼٳֹ
ĹǳɰǧУַҲֻǿһ飬һɶܺõıԼҲ֮Ӵ
Ȼ˽٣ɶĹά̶ȣͿ֪һʲôΪ֪ܣַΪʲôƴȫԭ
һϲţַ˺Ժһķ䣬ϸ̽һΧûзʲôַĽηϡ
˼һ£ַ㽫Լʶ̽εУһſڲâޱȣµĴһÿ顣
ַ㽫ԼеʶǿıʯϣϢϸıʯÿһ˿ϸ΢Ķ
ãַһЦ
ıʯȻһнƵĿռƷԼʶˣĺѷ֣һСһɼռ䣬޵֮ȻǸ档
ռƷؽַ⣬Ϊο֮ˣǻֵ
ַЦЦ˴֣ıʯȡУ˵ɣ¼С㣬ˡ
ϵĺıʯ޶
ַüͷ˵һ顣
Ǻ޷Ӧ
ַЩͷѾˣȰ㻹ʹʹԼĺãȻҿҪáǿгˣ
ɲַô˵ϵĺıʯûһ㷴Ӧ
Ȼˣþͱʧˣ˵һ仰ַ΢һֱ˺ıʯڡ
ಡһһ޳͸ٻӰַİ£ӺıƮ˳͸žĲ԰ףַĳǸ顣
ַüͷԼ˶龹ȻƮһڽл˼ûзӦ
ַսһɵԳһЦ龹ȻѾ˹ȥô֮ˣһһʱпܾô˯ȥӣѵ
֣ǰˣȻͬһе鷳ˣַ²Ĳࡣ
黹һûоκ飬ȫµ֮ѾҪĸɾˣΪûĹѲܴ֮֮ôʱ䣬һһֱ䱾鱾Դ֮
鱾Դ֮ĸʧȥϢǱһ𣬳׵ɢؼ䡣
ַҲеˣڴѸٷһ飬ƺûʲôֶΣܹá
ѵؿ棬ԼһǧǴˮƱˣַƵֹһ䡣
ѾˣַһĶͷȻˣٿ㣡
а׹һһѪҺһѪ꾧ͬʱϣѪ꾧нһ߬߬һԲȻϴһСףѪҺС
ַһֳѪ꾧һۻעС׶֮УѪҺͨѪ꾧һ˿˿Ѫ壬ע뵽ڡ
鱾һյʣʵʵĶַֻͨѪ꾧ͷţѪڡ
һݳ޵˼طһʮѪҺղһɣºѪ꾧Ҳ࣬ɷ
Զ׼ǣַΪãѪҺѪ꾧ҲѪȻǴɢԵȴӲַ˶ѪҺһѪ꾧󣬸˻
Ȼǰַ֪ѪҺѪ꾧ĹЧѪҺѪ꾧϶ЧģַԼҲаա
Ȼ˲ᣬԽԽʵҲԽԽɼ䷢һ΢ɲͻȻ䣬ȫѪɫĹâɲǼûˡ
ַû۾ŵһɷǳŵŮ㣬¶ţеζһֻۣһ׵ŮƮԼǰ
˫۽գ˫ü޳续ССıСС죬촽ģ΢䣬ŵЦ⡣
ϸףֱһ˿һ˼̻ζƽ֮УԵôĶׯ߹ľš
⵽ǹŮŮջԼĿַͻȻԼûǴӦڹһɣôȴȫȻף粻ʳ̻·Ů
黺۾ʱһˮԴԶ峺ɽϪˮһԲλࡣ
鶢ŽߵַãȻɻȻоһ֮ɫַԵĴһ¡
˭ΪʲôҪһΣ鿪ˣøݺһ㣬ڤޱȣǳ
ƮڷڣĹ˻üţƺڻʲô
ܸң˭𣿡κ󣬾̧õԴַ



380 뵱
ַɵˣԼ֪Լ˭͸֪ˡ
㲻ʶңΪʲôҪһΣǲΧ¶ɷʱ˺üȡ
ţһеζˡŷڵ磬ַһԼΪԵĲһһˡ
һַûɢ˺ҲûлشĻʵˣоô
㶣ʵң˵仰ŷԼھȻѾ˺ıʯռ䣬һϬ˽䱸˭ô
ַһЦҼң˵Ϊʲô㣬һһǧңģ˵Ӧýôźˣģ˾ӸµϢ
⻰ͻȻֻҡҡЩСԴǿ򶨣ʵ㲻ʶңһΣʲôͼ
ַһżⲦһӣº󣺡ҽ˻ô˿̣Ѿ׵ɢУתͶ̥ʸûˡ
ĬȻȻףԼıԴ֮飬ǰˣԼѾɢҲû뵽ıԴ֮ȻΣ
֪ԼΪȥҲֻԴ֮ĸɾȻ泾ȴûؼʱ˾
뵽̾һԼַ֮˻õȻ񾲡
ʲôҲǵˣΪʲôıʯҲַ֪˵ȻʵǷǳ֪ܵġ
ҡҡͷ˵ıʯռָʶԺһƬհףʲôҲûС
ַ룬ǿıʯϸһȻûһʱ֡ء֣ıʯӸ㿴ʲô
ӹıʯ㶵ؿ֣üš
أϤĸоһ벻ʲô˼һ̾ЩãȻ
Ҳ²⣬ؿְܾɣļ䣬γʱɢˣȻֻǽΪҪˡû˾û˰ɣǰܻЩַЦʵͲ֪ǲΪԭ򣬵ֻ뵽οˣҶǰܷҪ䣬ҲǸͬܡ
أãӴԺҾͽлˣٻǰ£ֻ񳯡صͷȻַĻҲͬС
ǺǣҲˡʱͻо˲سУһ㶼ղǸһ飬˵Ůжԣ⻰ˡҲǲ١
ˣأ벻һˣӰĻأַǵһ˿Цݣѯʵ
ˣƮַǰǽߵ˫ĿãȻɻȻоһթ֮ɫǺǣðǼȻôͶԵ͵ҵĵܵܰɣ
ĵܵܣܻ沿Ϣǵ㣬ַһԺ
ǰ㵱ҵܵܺ𣿡ֿˣε飬ħǳԡ
УҪ硣ַһԺ״̬عشصľ룬Ĵζû뵽ؾȻȻ
ַҿ϶ظղŲûжԼʩչʲôԻĹ;ԻĻϢ
ΪʲôҪҸ磿һ⻰صǲΧ¶ɷʱֵ˺üȡ
һַȻȻӻϸܵǿҵ֮زолǿߵĳ̶ȣô£ѵԼոעѪҺѪ꾧йأҪһû飬֮
Ϊʲôܵ磿ַЦ
뵱Ҹ磬޳ܣҪɱ㡣ؿĬǿۼĴʼ
ַһ亹ǿܲʩųɹ˻ˣԼ˼ǧľլҪ꣬Ӱһʧԭأһʱѳ˻Աߣһ죬ڻصϣ䡣
ô嶯һ嶯ҿɾҪʧˣҽѣôԴľ𣿡ַĨȥͷ亹
ɾʱϺڹһһǿ׼ַɣصѶһɫĽ硣
ûҪȣ


381 
û취ɢһַЦڲ֪Լ治Ӧþ㣬Ȼֻ뵱磬ͷ룡
ߣ뵱ҸǣһģؼЩҧгˣ벻κ飬Ϊˣ˭֪ȻʶǲˡھȻ뵱硣
ĺҵʲôϵŮǲġַһתǴôӦ֪ڵҪһɣȻѪҺʱסȥѪҺȻɢһͲͬˡӵؼΪµʣ˵޵ģһѰԼʵĹ֮ʽõȫĿʱҲǲܣôΪ硣
ַȻе⶯ȻôĻҪôңеӦҵˣôܵڻûһϢ
ַٺ١ЦҪֻɵңʱ㲻飬ܴҲΪܵ飬ȴƫƫпܡ
ҵַ˵Щ˿ŵģʶеˡ
ôٺ٣ҪŶ磬ôǺܶģ֪ΪʲôһسΪ֮ˣַе˷⡣
ߣҲҵ˵ιʲôؼַ˲֪ĺıʯЩŭ
ַ̧ͷЦЦ˵ʲôɱᰡֻ˳֣ţ㣬ţļңԱܺˣٺ٣
ؽıʯӵֺȴҡҡͷⲻҵļңѾû˼ңҲ֪ҵļǡ
˭˵ûмңҵļұļң֮ļȷعϵ𣿡ַЦ
һ̧ͷⷿĴɨһ£ʵļ𣿡
ҵļңصһⷢȴַסˣ̧ͷŴУĬ˰βŵڵļļңлһȥģװ˫ס
ظַĵ˸УﲻɷͬĸоַȻࡣ
ȻʱȴϡϡĽŲַüͷһ壬˭Ҳ˵ûҵĳ˲ýԺ𣡡
ӣǺ壬˼ˣѾˡ⴫
Էˣַ̧ͷ˿ûһṦ򣬾ȻѾһҹʱⶫʱǹͦİ
ˣҾ߰ɣĺԸ˾䣬ȻתͷŻصʱıʯɣûҪ¾ͲҪҳ극󣬾Ͱȥ
ַĻĬĬַһۣһ˺ıʯУһպúַٺһЦСһҡңԼǰȥ
ڰѻ鳹׵׵ĸ㶨ˣȻ˵ûеַ֣Ҫûգſڿӡ
ոתԺһѾܹۿǰĴˣʱ򣬷ͻȻ򿪣洹ͷ߳һˣȴǺʲôġ
ַߵǰԺһƬյڣȻ޺޵˹䲻Զϴ϶
ֻʱһ˫ϸ۾ڣĵĺ⣬ƺǺڰȻֵĹ˸ͣɢһϢ
Ϊ˳ޣʲôչ΢΢ҡҡͷַ߽˽ʹһӾ
վԼԱߵĺ壬ַ΢΢ʾ⣬ºֱʵڽֵ׷ҲӦܺڷկָʹɣǺұʲôȻúڷկˣ
һַʻոеĺ̵ĳޣһһٵһ֮𣡡仰ҧ˵˳
ش𣬵ȴǰܹﵽǣһУڱ׷ɱ֮Уû˰ԼԼӵùһ죬죬ǣһᱻץס
Ҫᱨѩ޵飬ǰˣǺұΨһĻᣡϾںұʣˣвܾͻȥ
ַŶһϵУȡһһ棬˿黬ɵУ׽˻ᣬ绹ûԷɣӦҲˣȥѰǶȰѷˣȻǺұ¸˵˵
Ŀһæк˽ڿַһַۣʾº󣬺ֵ̰һӵζиԹһ˿ĭ̻ʵĳ
һӳںö϶˵Уַ֪Ϊʲôұúڷկˡ
ұȻԳΪҲֻһһĺռ壬ҩҵΪȻӵܶϰ䣬޸߼ڣѧҲֻһЩǿ֮
ұһڸﶼҩ̣һΪڵԸҵҲǹȥ
ɲϾϸ£һӵɽɺ죬Ȼһֲͨ죬֦Ҷ׺˸ɫС˵Чޱȣֵǡ
ֲﱻǺӵһؼ壬ӵԶ峤͸еұܻͷˣƾұʵܱסֶ
Ժұ峤׼һϢκ͸¶ĽһЩΪת뺮ұ
ұ˾峤£Ӧò˷֣֪ںұԵʱȴڷկһɹҩĵСͷĿˡ
СͷĿȥһ˵ڷկկʱ̰֮ģ֪²̫ȻпɴǵʱԼȲһˡ
ұ̽һµͣһ»гһʧһºұʱ
򺮼ұұΪߵҲֻǴﵽ˻Ǿ峤ܵڷկЩ֮ʦ
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˵ǵϣĿⶢַϣַĴסլԿóһƽֻҪؼ˵ע⣬ڷկǿ¾һ仰УΪ̻ҡ



382 ҪԼ
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Ȼַ˿ӣֳ˳ϵƿ˿üԳ֮ɫ૵ӣҪϺѧԺУѧһķһ治֪ΰˡȻ֪ûзֻ֮£Ҳţ㷢ˣҲ˵ȥ䣬̫ᷢ˵˵©죬ǻصĴɾͲˣҲò
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ʱַɫ΢΢е԰׵ԾСѸٶ˸ĳŴϣȻ۾עС۵
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Ǻðɣȥأ쵽ˣɲҪʲô鷳źáַЦһ£
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389 ҹɱ
ŸӿγһССУתٶԽԽ죬ҲԽԽ
вļ֮䣬תѾﵽһŵĳ̶ȣת˲֮䣬ɢڸĻٴảư㱻һɨգ
ʱַоƾȻЩʹ֮УƺѾﵽ˱͵ĳ̶ȣѾǻƳʱļޡ
ѡڳأַʮİսڣַЩʱأܻе鷳
ʶɨһַһҧͻȻƴĻɢȥǿѹȵĻֻ´ٳˣ
ȡصͷַ˫ĿкһͻȻʩչ˼ٵԾ
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΢ƽһȻؿ;нŲӯûһ˿ɱϳһƣַС
ϴǵסϿܰɡͻȻ˵һ˳Ÿղųֵľӵ
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ַٺһЦȴû˵Ҳûж⾫𾪺ҲҶߡ
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仰ȫ˹ĳͻȻתΪ԰ףе㲻ŵ㲻ɱǣΪʲô
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㡭Ĳɱǣַ˵һ㶣е㲻ŵ


390 ѽ
ߣôбҪƭ𣿡ַͻȻһ㣬ӣôͷǣԼŰɣ
˵仰ַûٿڣߵԣ˱裬˿ڣĿžӡ
ҽӵģһеϣӣܷҵ¡ӽе嵶һһˡһѼԼ֡
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391 ˸
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392 ƽ
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ȺȻǼеλǮƵ壬һ˵Ľ޾Ϳó
Щ棬СĶжɶ೤ʮߣ΢ҹɫ֮ǿҵİ۾ߵѩûһη塣
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½฻岻ϧ𣬶ҪӰŵ۹Ūͷĺö䵱档
һȺŽ޵߹󣬽ȴڷԻŮԦǰͷƽޡ
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ţַ֣ȴǡ̡һ
ˣôˣ˯ɡַЦһͻȻںһ󣬲Ŵ󲽰ȻԼȥ
ʱȴ˫ס˸ղַֻоһƬ̣Сˡصͣ


393 Ժ
Լķ䣬ַڴĬ˻ϴͻڼȣȴɱϮôһ£ǿͷƣʹѹ
ڳǴͻûоȥַȴŬһϾͻƵڣǵȵ´εȴǲ֪ʲôʱ򣬾ͻĺܣ˵˵߾ߣֻҪԼһûգܾҪˡ
һɢܻƴۣһʹ̨Сһȴͷһָֻоʵ޷Դݵġ
С飬ַ֪ԼܻлڣٴǿתУҲ֪˶ʱ򣬷ɢȫеĻγһУ
СĿŻתתһĳ̶ȵʱ̣ҲѾ͵һļޣͻȻٴηſ˿ƣȫʱͬһܾĿϣģڵĹؿһ
֮˿ͳɲǼ䣬ȫһܣƵλʱϵСһȴСһӣԴͷȴͻȻأ
ضĻ˿ͣ糤֮ˣϱصĻٶȺϵһǳĳ
һΣΣھʮŴΣַҲ˳ȥ֪СΪԼȶ磬Ϊ´εͻƴÿξͻƣһδĻᣬֻһˣǿµľʱԪ֮þǻЩ顣
ַԷſԻĿƣСһδεǿгȻÿһξַʹεĳ̶ȣúƺѾľˣֲֻ֪иĳ˿û˱ʶ
֪˶ãַ»عʶʱԼľҲͣ˻ڵĶ壬һ뵽λ硣
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ȻСԺſڴһһȵĽŲ
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ַæӭȥȵԺǰʱַͣסιʩ֪ԺСʧԶӭˣ
ԺԴַһţЦеһֱڼַԼ˳˶ϸ¶һ˿Цݡ
ַѾӭͣס˽Ų¶һЦݣӣλһ˵Ҫ㣬޷ֻˡ
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һߣһﰵңҿ캮Լⷿʰ£ȻԼǰԸⷿ仹ɹһôܴͣҪǿɾѿˣ
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ʵַԺʶˣֻصܣԴһԺԼĵķڻطĽơ
ȻԺƷǷֵĻصܣҲᶯʲôõͷˣԼҲʮֿ϶Ͼ̫ˣãѱס̰ġ


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ԴϴӺҴԺַ˸ۣڵǸýƳ׸Լ˭ҲܽǸ䡣
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߹԰ӣʮԲΧǽŻԺ棬ַ˲Сʱ۹


395 
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һתƣϼ䳬ȺַҪԺ·ҲҪʧɣǴʱҲ֪Ƿˡ
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ȥһ´ۣȻͿɻˡͻȻԺַһ㷲飬Ժ̤
۹޽û䣬һɫĴʯ̵ĵ棬ƽ羵Ӳ棬Ŀޱȡ
Ĵ֮УһźľӵʯĴѾˣȴ֮ϵ޴֡˶һֽ˹ȻѹȸС
һŴƽ˵ĴϽ̴ƽϰڷƷɫĶӸţȻǴõƷ
ߵһ»ͷϽڵˣֱڷ΢΢ףȴ߹廪ְ֮ηϣ˿΢ЦŸոսԺַˡ
μۣ߽Ժַ΢΢˵
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һ⻰ԺĿɨǹ͢ȴͷԺֱӶ˵ŲСļ϶
ַӣԼοһ֮ˣԺ۹֮вˣҲǲٰ
ǹ͢߶סַĿ⣬о类߶һЦһȫϢһһգʱǹ߲͢һս
һĻȴͻȻ۾һ
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۹һ㳼Ҫеϥ֮񣬲ͬϺѧԺĴڣһֻҪ΢΢ˡ
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̧ͷ⹬ڲȥֻˮƮ죬󣬵дԺ滨ݣľһγһȻϣĴǡõסˡ
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ŸոպʮףͻȻǵдȴͣ
ߺԺҲˣһµĸеһֻšסӵ˳
ܻվʮɴŮӣ͸ɴ¶ƤˮޱȣֻǴʱ˫ðŻǣһ޲ýǰӻӡ
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㣬ҽ͡ΪϼĵϵӵܣƽʱνǷǳĲһ㣬ǰ͵㣬Ĺ
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˿طһоǾ֣ҲʼֵˣһЩӲļһ
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398 С
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ֻͣʱ䲢಻һ룬һӣѵʯԭٶȼ

һײʱҺڶʯֻٸղųЦӵǼ꣬ѰΪ׵Ľ꣬ףϵһ½Ҳ
ʱַȴǸеںѪͷðαЩŮƣĴСüͷһ壬Դӣˣ۹Ե޹ɱˡ
ʱԱ߿ֵһЩҲˣſĺܰȻҲ˿
ȥַĴҲ΢΢һһչղųЦĸһСһ㾾סȻһֱۣһ㣬˳ȥ
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˽⣬϶ǽ궨ȥҰȥˣǺܿͻˣԴʱַ뿪
Ȼ֪ȥҰȥˣʱȴеĺܣһڶͺȿھƣʱʱɴ죬йʳ̬
ַɾȤˣͳԱˣһǺܱ֣ĵصȴ֮УԼҪ˯ˡ
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ַ۾ȴûһ㣬Ȼڽеɨϵһ
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Ȼǻ㶥壬ǿһ㣬ҪǸղ䲻⣬һƻǺɿϡ
˭Ҳû뵽ײŸ˵һ䣬˾ȻһһȭģǴɫ
ǰӺһٵĸһѾ˺ӸһЦҲսȴַ֪ͶĸһĶ˶㡣
ĸһﾹȻ͵Ϯӣӣ̧Ľ˳ȥؽӰĸһǰι
飡죬־־УĽÿһŶĵǵϣʱѪӵ˳ȥͨһԵǽϡ
֪˶ãĸļһڵĴӵطʹۻңоһ㣬۾Ҫˡ


399 
ֵǣϰˣǵɵһܣ껺󣬶ʱʼС
˭ɱ쵰үҳһңԱߵĺַҲǴд
ɵ֣ɲǼ䣬ʮӰͳַ˹һʱӰӰ춼ǣźХ֮׷ַк
֪ôЦһ΢ʱϼ˸ʮӰȫסΣȫݺݵ˵ϣһεȫ
㵽˭ֱʱ϶ɫ֪ߵˣǰˣΪɲ⣬ԼôˣǰȻûһ㻹֮
ǻ֪˭ַˣ˭ûŪȻͺ򣬺ɱģǻ͵Ŀ԰
ʱͨһ죬һߣǰһ񣬸ߴĶʱ߷ˣݺҵǽϡ
ɫҰվɭĿӣû뵽һļһսȴǱһҾ羹ȻԼҪߡ
Ҹүˣ᣿֣Ӻ첻үЩһﻹǿˣҪǶסүǺǵġ
ˣӣĻǺãɣҿˡſĳƨַ̲ס˵
⻰ӵɫͨ죬æֵַܣȵȣҪûڣһƨģЩ쵰ͲˣԵƬ̣үϸ¸Ǻߡ
˵仰ӵ˴֣һЦĳڵϵ˹ȥһƵĽŲĵ׶һ˿η뾪֣֪ӻҪôĥǡ
ˣɴ٣Һǵãղž𣿡˵ٺ٣Ǿȴֺˡ
ӳɵɫͨ죬ŭѣͬʱ߹ʿ˽ϵĽƽˣҵˣʲôֶΣ
ߣ׳գȻ㻰ô࣬ǺźˣһоȻһѳ̳Ŀ꣬ǽߵķɴ
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һĻַҲ΢΢һ㶣Ȼ֪һֱڰעһֱΪҲֻЩеһˣȴǲ뵽ȻͻȻ֡
΢΢תͷȥһ޳ͦε꣬ѩ⣬һѩ׵˿վԼ֮һ֮ϣ˫ֿտա
δЯκαַȴ֪˸֣һһ˼䣬ͽĻʱеĿԼֻƺڿһΪߣ
ǶȻһ˫۾͸ĹâЦһƮƮؽڵϣַ˱ȥ
£ͷ¶βеʧɣʵڳ̫ԲסڲڣַعĿ꣬Ц
ʲôҲ俴ҵݣһǰ˫һӻ³ϣһ߰Զݺݵӵһֱȥ
ٺ٣һ¾ͻ֪䲻ˣĻַüͷһȻκ׵ƽ֮Զ
һεعдַһӵĹһԾʮɿ⡣
ף
ͻȻ귢һԴб죬ʱֻڰ֮УҲûȻַܵĹее㲻⡣
û˾ȻһĿŵضɱַҲһƱ³֣죿
û뵽㾹Ȼϳٺ٣ɴҲûˣһЦ꣬ȡԼɴϺѧԺΨһ죬˭


400 оˬ
ʱ򣬷ɴͻȻ̧ǵŵͷ캰磬ң
Ϊļ嶪һͷıܣһӻ𣬸ղҪΪһŲˡ
ȻַµһεĹǰǳ䲻һȴҲ˵ˣʱݺݵ³һѪˮЦԭ쵰ΪǲıܳͷɣүܾˣģͿǲһ³ɺһ˽ˡ
ƾ㣬ӣʵ㣬ɱһ򵥣˵仰˫ӣһɫ˹
ַЦһץԶһͣҲ콣һƵԡ
ҲӲûڵĸ֣Ȼ׷һڵ˴򣬻ʧַ䳰ȷؿڡ
ӣҲ뵽˻ƾǿߣҿɾĲˣһԽŰ㣡Կн£ԻַסԼſһַ
ŰңַһߵĹһЦȲ˵˭Ű˭۹ѵ㻹ɱ˲ɣ
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𣿡ַʮƽɫ⸱ӣЩףԼλϺѧԺΨһԷôԵ޿֣ѵʲô̲ɣ
ԣԷֻǻƾ磬ԼȫͬһȼЩֶΣҲʤ㣬ͬ޵пɲ˵ģԼΨһˣһװУҪʱ䡣
ˣд󰲣ЦСӣ㲻ð׷Ļˣʱ䲻ͽͶѣʵȻֵôã㻹гΪǱϺѧԺһǾ͹ˣ㻹ɡ
𣿡ַ¶һ˿֮ɫû뵽쵰ȻǶⷽ˼ֻȴǲ֪ϺѧԺΨһԼȴȫΨһĺˡ
ҪԼҲмǻ˼ô࣬ͽ˵ж˿ˣֻһ뵽ַϼǸֺԼʣǳҪġ
Ŵڳ˼еַôˣģһȥġһ꣬䣬ĵڹַȥ
һ֪ûʲô֪֪Ǿе㱯ˣַŲĶڹ⡣
ȻȻƽַԶһϲ˿Ϊ⣬Ƴʱһǿַȥ
ˣַЦȴ¶κɫһĳһ죬˫ԡ
⣡һǰֲַ֪ʵȻһ֮µʮҪվ֪Էһۻޱȣ㲻Һ̹üʵֱæڵһ㣬Ծݿࡣ
µʱδ⣬ĵ߰˲վôһַ֮ʮϣȴԶˡ
ʱоŭĪԹڵϵЩҲǴ󲻽⣬룺һô飬ԾԾˣ
ֳ֮ˣַԼҲֻ֪ʲôϾϴԡѪþۼַǱı̬ʵ
һ֮£ʱŭĿӣȵɷ䣬ذˣ϶ڰַ뻹ַ峤ƾַһ֮ôǿ͵ľ
˵仰Уþû˻ӦŭһȴǶȫϻ𵴣ȻҲ֪һкε
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ԭ߳һ磬һϵõղһֱַΪԼֺ޻֮ӣȻҶԼ͵Ϯ䣬ܲһ޲Ц
ַҲǿסЦӣ£
һе֣ǻ˷ԸͶ㵽ַȥˣ鲻ԽĻζǼһıӣ˳֣»Ҹо
ĻӶʱ˼£ͷһæǿѹ£ȴĲѪ
һҪǲúѹºеѪ¶ԹɫݺݵĶַ񶾵


401 ṫ
ٺ٣ǿҪʧˡַɢĻӦһ䣬תЦһȭûʱ򣬺Ǻǣ
ʧַڳôһ̬ƺǲٴȥˣһʱ֮䣬ЩӦԷѵ˴̼ͷԲΪ¾ôô
Ȼһ̣Ͼ¶˲֮ɫ֪Ϊʲôַڳһˡ
Ѫ˵һ̤һӴͷŰںʿڵŨصѪɱӭǾ浶ǹսɱŻɱʵǿַɰզࡣ
¾͵ΪֹɣȻʿóһͨһۼ׵˳ĿһЩҵŷ
ͻȻֵĲֳ֮ͣ˶ĿͶ˹ȥ˵ɲǸ˱ͬ
Ѫߣһˣǲһİ˲٣΢ĳƺһ¶һ˿ɻô
Ѫġšһޱȵĺ۹֪ʲô
ߣȻ֪ǲʵĻӦ
⻰Ѫǰһ̤ʱԲʮڣ¶Ȼ½ģȻ
ʲôѪʿһ˿һ⣬һЩҪ֧۹оǿֲĴڣͬʱҲһԵ
ȻЩֻлǾ磬۲ҪսȴԼܳԵģѪʿսѪսоǰǧģ
ѪߣѵҪǡĪҪΪ۹ΪͿ컰ɭлâţ쳣Ŀ
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ṫҶǰŷе˼ˣ΢΢һűæ˴
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ֹӣˣַʼûзַ΢΢һЦѯʵ
ֻһѯʣַԸеˢˢˢˢʮɱ񶢵ԼϣΪжðˡ
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ϸʱҶˣΪҪ˵˭˭治˵ȻôӣȴǸжԴ


402 
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Ҷڸַ˭Ҷ˵ʲôЩڵϵļһҶһƣæӵҶһУ㼱ҴҵߵˣǵŮǰģǶ
ܿŷҶһɢˡ֮󣬾ֻʣַӣ죬Ҷֱˡ
ҵĻҪظϣǱڶɸ꣬ڵ۹֣ҿһ棬Ҳ´ΣȻݣҲɱ󣡡˵仰Ҷˡ
Ҷ۹ݲͰַˣȻҲҿڳɱ⣬ֱףַɸоҶ粻˵ģҪٴҶ統նɱ
֪ҶݣȻҶ˻ûб¶һ˿ֻһĿַһۺæߵķ׷˹ȥ
Ҳ߰ɣĻе㷢㶵ӣַһЦһʵԵòᣬȻڻûع
Ŷţˣôˣһǣع󣬡ǻˣүһҪҸоˣ
ӣ˵ʵǰǲʲôڣַЦЦĿӵҪȻԸǾԲôǿеġ
ڣߣǻ쵰ԼΪмޱȣмûйڡӺ޺޵ǰʵû취ٺ٣ֵ㣬һ򡣡
ңַָԼıӣе㲻ûɣֻǽƾʲôΪҶĹֲӣһμԼʱ¶ôһģˣԭһһѹţԼΪͷˡ
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׷Ůȥˡַʼ磬̧ͷſʾ
׷Ů΢΢һӱǴĶͷˣˣĿеŮˣҵᰡ쵰̫ɶˣ̫ɶˣ
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ҷַеʵǸûлԪػɣ
ﻹ˭ƵǸ㲻壬ôϲôһ
һһģַɫͺÿˣаԿƵ˵ǲڵ£κԼ֮£Ī˰
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ιʲôַ֪ʵ
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˵ʲôôղż𣬺ٺ٣ǱǸˣҿɲǹġַǲ˼
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㲻ȥȥȥӲֹ˾䣬Ҳȥ


403 Ա
۹ռعڲԹһ㣬ǸַǳƬϲ԰ַ죬˸о档
ȪȪʯС£ˮι״Ĳβʯľף滨洦ɼ
ַͣͣһֱʮ֣ɫԲģһ·ŮӣŪŭĿӣַ޹ߣȻҲǰ˲ٰۡ
ַ˵ʱһǰǣҹ׼ˣȥò͡
ת䣬˰ʱ˶е㲻ʱǰ·ȴͻȻͣ˵ֻ͵ǰ治Զҹĵطˡ
ַ΢΢һЦ˵㣬ӵǰȥȴţԸҲǹνԷĵطȴĿɿڴˡ
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ֵܣǲе̫ˣɵɵһӣعе㲻ŵ૵
ӦòôŰɣַɿԼڴιȥ½˵۹ֻ빫ֺֹǧ۴ڣЩֻҪɳһλʢҲǲΪˣ
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ҵطˣַһ㶣ѭӵĿȥʱͻȻһŮС椣֪ԭҵطˡ
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С椿ַߣѾüˣ;лݺݵĵһۣŵһ£ʱͷ̧Ϊ˵ʵʵĳԶ
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ˣĹˣҳԲôַ࣡ΪԼЮˣѩƶʱɬȴû־ܾѿ顣
ַ˾ٶ˵ϣڳŮǾ첻ѿַѩˣֻڶӲа̾椻湻Ŀŵġ
ܲˣԱߵС椣ͻȻһ۾ðĿַһۣȻһ߷ߵĵļһøϿӱСǰʧ
һ⻰ַЦһЮ˵ĵ߷£С椣ȻҪǰʧҿǰʧĺã
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404 ڵ
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С꣬С椵ַ֣аֵͦŵģԸôǲզֺð
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ѩƽ㣬ˣҸղŲ˵㣬˵һ㲻֪޳ļһҡ
ˣҪ˵ˣС꣬һŮӼҵģ޳ܡ۹ߣΪǼôѩɫһĴС椵Ļ
ѩƽ㣬ôˣô˵ˣǰģС椻û˵꣬ѩƴϣʹ΢΢һ㶣е㾪ȵ
ûʲô֮ԷҲʲô·ѩƵ˻Сһ䣬
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ʱһڳˮԣͷų棬ȫûзַߵԡ
ַߵԱʱ飬ڵһˣǸˣùû´ȴǡԼ
ڵңȻе²е˼ַ̲ס
ǵģѾʱˣȻˣˡ
öȴô䣬һһһҹ÷裬ֱѣЩɬ
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Ǵħɭ־ҵꣿȻʵȴǷǳĿ϶
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ϵζתͷַ΢ЦһµϴңȻ˵Ҫ㣬ȻҪסζ
ԭַ̲סʵûϴξҾ㣬Ҫʲôرˣȸ㣬ҲȱǮʲôġ
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406 ɱ֮ս
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ˣַɵ±ӣŮ˵ֱѵôҲó
Ȼȴ˵ˣһ̣ȵ̫ã˷һһ룬ţ֯Ůֻĸȴ˸Եļ壬ܵõҵϿɣΣҲһġ
СΪԼĬĬźܶ飬˵
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ʵҲе㲻ģֻܸлл˾ˣ磬Сʱһչֻ֪ף֪ȡ磬ʵүֻһôԼԶҪˡ
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ַͷҶһۣͻȻϵ£һʮ׿⡣
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ԱһӣһĲ΢Цɫۣŵɫƣ־һ
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һôˣѵҲϺѧԺҺûϺѧԺ㰡
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ϼһ޳ܣСеˣ˵Ժɣ
˭ַļ򣬵İɣϻﲢûеô£˵ôС
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407 ټ
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ԺţͻȻôһŭһ㶣˶һ𾪵ĿַͻȻһݣڿʲôʲô𣿡
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СӾȻҺ˼˵ҿԺ㲻𣿡Ժͨ
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Ŷҵü㾹Ȼģַ΢΢ĵ㲻ŵ
ɶļһС֮ĶȾ֮ʱԺɫһϺѧԺʲôɺ㣬֪ζɱʵ
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ټУвٻϺѧԺһʱ䣬ľսĵȡһؽ׻ڶȻЩĶڲˡ
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һУֶΣĻǿߣϸĻؽ⼸ʣַͻȻһеͷ˼˵ЩǿͨһЩֶβŲģ
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ԭЩͨһЩֶΪҲǻʵĻǿߣҪǵΧһЩʵȥˣһúͷӣȥΪûбĶ͸ң
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408 ֮
⻰ַһһûͨΪ˵۹ҫƭȥɣϺѧԺȻش۹ȴǶ⣬ǰΪϼһʲôƨˡ
ôôңɣζȡĻֹһǾ߷ʺˣ
ʲô޳ܡͷȥɣַһȭԶҲûˡ
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Ȼϼһл˶ģַҲòϼһ˵ûеһ뵽ʨӴ󿪿ڣʱͼͷ̴̫ˣҲͬ⣬ߣࡣ
Ҫˣ忪ֺˣܹʤȡҿΪ㻯ʧ鷳֤ǲ׷㡣
ҡڷַȴͻȻһתãҴӦˣ
Լôִʲôǿգ𣬵ʱô֪Լ׵õ˶ٻ忪֣ߣʱСүһ֣Ҿһ
ˣСӣЩʲôǸˣЩ涼ûǿ˽ƣܵѪռƷҲǲܣҵ㻹ʵĿŰɣԺߺַ֪뷨Ķ¾仰ʱûˡ
ʲôֻܿţҵ˻Ϊ˷׷ɱĶ󣿡
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ŶˣνȥЩŬﵽƾţ󲿷ֶиʿػֻٲǶߣΪеһȥҪǻˮ㣬ȻǺãʵҲҪǿҿɲʧȥôѧ
Щַٴ⣬л΢΢еСжϼһﻹȫһˡ
ܵѪϢַҲֻƵĸԺ۹Ĺ㳡ϣǵļ˻ϺԺһХС
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ϧַûǸͣҲǼȺɽϿȲǰƬ̺ǰһ˿ֵǰսһ㣬žϱƽǺѸٷŴ
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վ֮ϣַۿɽײȺһһ桢С׵硢ǹܲұڳȥ
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һ̣ܳɹұڵˣҾЩɹȥˣҲ۵ĹǺɫ԰ףǹѪ˿ˣһҶҸһƨȻͣشϢš
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ǰ̭£ҲΨһһ̭ؿȥ󣬱Ƕɱ֮ˣ̭ȻǿȲ󣬵ֶȴŽ֣ұһĵң绯ĺĳЩطһͻоԼʵеģ͸Ͽ˳ֿԡԺͻȻ䴫˵Ķ
ĶɱڣŸĪΣգԲСģͿûʱ򣬿ɱԹԺûǣ


409 ħ޻
ʱ˿̻˭˳ԺĻһ꣬һǰλұڣһɡ
ӾһԾ£ұڵ£˫ȭսǰ̧ͷͷҲͬʱ̧ȵһЩ˵ĿⲻԾϺ󡭡
һһһŭȻĿս˫ȭȻգǿҵİ׹һΧҲɲǼĻ޸塣
ʱ켡ѾͣƤ渡ֳнƵİɫƤëһױȵ֮˲䱬
µɳڳֳ״ΧɢǿֲİаԶڶٶַ΢΢ݡ
һӣһ𣬵ȵת伸ȦǵⶸȻΪһ߹ĻӰ𻢣Ʈǰһʱʱķڲѡ
𻢻Ӱߴףʱʱ֣סȫ£еܹĵط
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ŴҷĸпһЦȻͶǰұ֮С
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ʱԭѼʵұжʱͻȻٴͣǽɫë˲תΪɫͷ϶˵һŭ˫ٴαŷըԵΪһǿİ׹ֱͷĹ
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ҵķʽȫֻͬʱֹâţһɫӰӿһ㣬Ϣӭķ桢ǹ׵硣
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˫ͬʼûӲһС桢ǹ׵磬ֻǵʵұڵĽ֮ȻԼ˫˸ĹâߣٵϷʵȥ
֮䣬Լʮ˫ֺǺ췢һŵԾУһչϢԱߣҲһ˶ûУһ治졢ƿһۡ
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ԺҲȥˡԺʾһ£ʣµļ˿һۣһЦ˭һȥô
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ˣ٣׽ܣ۵Ҳͬʱұڳȥ


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գźɫǧҪȥԺܿ˿ͻȻһŵͼַС
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£ַһͻȻԴŶ˼£Ŷ˵һʱ佫Լٶߵ̶ȣԺĿУ廯ΪһõعӰƮȥ
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Ժδȥע⣬ǣȻתͷһַµǵӰʱܿͷֲԣʶŤͷַȥʱһ
ַжһڳֻᶶҲδƣǰĻ桢ǹ׵ѾȻɢôһֱϷɣٶ죬µĵӰȴԵôƮȻ·ǰԵĲڵϸ꣬ȴеС
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СѵʵɣַʧڴеıӰԺûַ쾪üͷ
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ַһҶһʪɭС·ϣ鳤ϸ̦Ӳݣɭ֦Ҷűζ
һ紵𽥱䰵ҷҶͶµӰӱЩצĹޣҺ
ҽУѵҵ˻ɱ¾Ѿʼˣַʶһչʱ俪Ȳһɭֵʵо
ǣͼֶԼʶ֮ʱȴ֮ƺһʶãʶչķΧСˡ
ַѰǿʶҲֻ֮УﷶΧңԶͲˣⲻ΢еơ
ȫʩչʶʮֺһ£ַڵ״̬ȫʩչʶСʱͻͷۻĸоҪȫһֱϵĽʶʩչôܽԼʶǰﷶΧҡ
Ҫ֪ƬɭַԲǰﷶΧûʲôãȻа취ǿƳʶӰ죬ֵ˷֣Դˣ治֪ôˡ
ǿʶҲֻ̽ôСһЩ˾͸Сˣ뵽в΢΢ƽһ㣬Լʶջغ̧ȥ
ַѴ⣬Ŀǻʲôմ֣˸ֱҲὫ֮ɢڸñȥᡢȥɱ


411 ֹȹֳ
ΪζɱıУļֵġ
˭õ˻׷ɱרһõͽ֮׵˶ദˮ롢ҡ
߽ڲ֪֮Уܲľ⣬ȻɽͣԽ߽棬ƽߣȴԽ
˵Ĵܲͨһ̭ˣӦñȽŶԣȴȫ෴治žޱȣһе¡
ַͻȻüͷһ壬ͣ˽Ųﲻỹħްɣ
ȻĻ꣬һ޴İӰѾͷǰԼ״Ȼӹеһ㣬գۼʧ
һͷͳ׵İɫֳͨͣɫëϴһ㵭Ĺٶޱȣ֮ƺصһ¡
XħޣʲôطѵΪѶȣЩħ޽ɣַѾϳˣղŷɹȥͷǻڵħޡ
ַܿͷ´ˣȷʵħޣһܶ࣬ȴΪŽģǱƬıħޡ
Ϊһ·Ѿֻһοħ޳ˣҪǱŽħޣôҲΪԼｨѨɡ
ַһ·ûЩħޣϾΪһЩ飬֮ٴǰӿ˽Ų
ʱʱĲҽʱѾвٻҵˣڷŲпսԼʱһ˶Уǲ֮ӲƴֻܿһЩֶζȡ
ͻȻ䣬еַüͷһ壬ͣ¶һӣϸ̽ʲôȻ˲ãϾ¶Ц⡣
ԼǲɢʶȻǰһ̽⵽˻ϢȻϢ΢϶Լû̽
ɾ͵ǹԽԽʱǹдХȴּΪӣл޵ĺ
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ʱַѾǰ֮⣬ȴͣ½ŲסϢԼȴҲΪҵ޺֮о죬ɫҲ쳣ء
һ뵽һؽ׻̶ѨҲҪһοֻһЩѰޣ࣬΢һ䣬ԶƬ̣ߵһϿȵĹȿڡ
ԶԶȥӹȿ϶֮УͿԿһƵĲ̣ҡҷռʣɽ֮УЩ̣ȻÿѼ˵ĸоȴǹޱȡ
Щַ̣æסȫϢû뵽Լ´ˣޣȻڵĶȻԼΪΪѾʲôԼ
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ͬǰȵ֮һڶڶԱߵɽʯǽУȴЧ
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ԶסΣŵʱ򣬺ȻȵңһЩǶХХƳַˣΪ֮
һɣַһӶǰ䣬Ŀⴥ㿴һƽδ¡
ԭʱȵɽʯǽ¶ǰһƬϣһĹֳ棬Ѫ֮УЩֳɱ
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ַȫҲһϸһٿǰһʮɵľѪǽ壬ȻͷȴѪˣͷ߷һﵽ˻ڵħߣû뵽ֳֹҲǺ޲
ħͷһѪ̲Уһֻƣͱֳ֮ʮƽֳ棬ͷϾһ߹ڣƬɫļƬŭģҲ͹ࡣ


412 ˳ս
ֻƽֳһĿַ֪һȺֳߣΪֳһӲףɴ㾳⣬ϲûֻͨĹֳ棬ħ֮УΨֻɫֳȴǴﵽ˻Ƕ徳硣
ǲףֳ֮Уôһֻħ֮еĻƽֳ棬ֻӻʲôʳʲô鱦ѳףħ֮С
ҺֱĳӣֻһֻҪȫħ֮Уǵ¾ǻǿҲֻĶӡ
ֻƽֳҲ֪ǶĻ棬ԽегⶴڣŻ˻ǾȻѡһطַӣЦ
ûʲôգԼĻܲܿסЩֳ治ϵĿɣһסЩž綾Ĺֳ壬ҲǺħߵˡ
ԴˣȡַԥȻҪԼҲǴѲѣҲǵԼб£ҪûˣǸԼ׻Ҳûˡ
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һʱ䣬ЩַΧγһ޵Ļɫ֮ĻһϣȻһʯ治ӰԵرŹ֡
Ҫ߾裬ѾɽڲΧǻǰͻȻһַãɽȡ
һʮˣﵽ˻ƾ磬Ķǻڣһʵǿһ꣬Ϊͷġ
˶˵˿Ҳ̽·ãһƾڶ棬˻ħ޴Ӻ͵Ϯ
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ǹֳȻԽԽ࣬աǵأɽȶɹֳڸסˡ
ֳۼѶ࣬ǻƽֳߴ٣ҲʮȺһȺһϣܲ㣬첼һ㡣
ͻȻĲҽһȴһΪƫ͵ĶϣһʱһȺֳģȥĻ֡
ͬʱһӶ𣬵ǹֳ޿ײ룬ȫѹβʱöУͬʱ˫Ѫаӡ
ֳ׷ѣ׼Ƕ֮ĵѪɽ˲űʮɣ˫һ̱ڵϡ
Ϊﵽ˻ƾǿߣԼĹֳ棬仹࣬Ҫڴ˹֮£־˵ĻҲ޷ʩ
ЩֳӲħޣҲӦħ֮ΪͼСߣ̫ޣһۼ֮ǿԶǶڵħޡ
ڵǿߣۼѣȣǹֳɱ͸һ㣬һ㣬ֻɱõϳʬѻߣһоȴΪȺʳѪѾֻ׹ˡ
ַȻԼǻƵǿߣ龰ҲĺַоȲѼ䡣
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413 С
ĻַæֺʮɣԭΪɫĹֳħ֮кû˶ԣڿǼĹ⡣
϶δȥӶˣַԴ󣬴ʱȴҲҿ̫Ⱦ϶ַɾ͵˰˱ùˣϷȻŪж
ԶԶȥƽֳڿչӺ󣬾ͬһΣֻǰͻһԲĹͷ澹һŹһϸСȴĹݡ
ȫ㣬жתʱ˫ȻѼֻǼ˸ǻ˵ǰ
ԸֻɫĹֳ棬ȥЩͨĳȫˡַԶԶȥֻһīɫӰӣǷɣֱɫĹֳȥȴУǸΪߵ֡
ʯһɲǣֳ棬ƴ˿ȫͻȻһޣбϣǰ汩˹ȥ
䡭¹ƶգ۱һ֮ͣ˵ľѼµĶ淲ǱⲨģ̱࣬еĲ֫շ衣
ɫֳҲ֪һ󣬾Ȼͣסһչ̶ּХ֮һű̵Ĺţӽڿɽʯ᾵¶С
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ͷһ˽ȥģɽޱȣֿ۰ףǿ֮ˣܽɽȥε涾֮沫϶Ҳʵǽһ˰ȫЩ
֪ж꣬ͷһ谵ڸ֮䣬ҲΪʹһתҲ֮ɢɴ󾪡
жˣһ϶Լһιֳľ綾һ˵꣬ͷϥ˹ȥ
жˣãĺܺãʱͻȻһ䳹ǵЦȴһƾɭ˵û׿үҲн죬̶꣬Ҵôᣬ̱үϲʤϲʤ
ʲôһͷ֮׿һתŸζڵϣ˫΢һ֣һֳצĿעŲ
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ѵΪ˶ϹֻҪɱңҸһŹ쵰ġ׿ּȴǿ԰ţеϢϣԼȥڵľ綾
ߣȻϹӣѾҪˣѵ㻹ûνͨӡĹ֮ЩȻħޣ۹ֶΣǷȣڻڵħޡЦһ˶ˣ常׿үΪ£жϢ֪᲻ᱯʹǿ̡ߣֻҪͷһСģֻ²ŹңҿǷŲŹˡ
쵰ҾҲҪһ⻰׿ǴŭźٿȻָ΢ţ伲磬ֱѵݳȴԴһ˿
һ֮ƣԳƵĳѴһĹббƻ
һʽ׵ѹ𣬵˿鼱֮£ȫһ֮ʢȴг׵Ļš
ٺ٣ȻжˣΪǰЦһ΢Ѻ߳ߣЦһҲԽɭҹ䡣
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ȻȴЦֻߣһȵáãȻԸԾ͹ֲĺҪԳֳˡ


414 ڳ
ЦԽٿȻͷĽӰܣֻҪһǶлҲܵˣǽɫֳľֻɫζĶҲܶʩչȻͲһˡ
Ӱɣ˲Ϣ֮ǿУǿүܾ綾ȻǰԼһҲԼĵˡ
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ʱ׿ѻֻ࣬Ѷ裬֪Ҫɱǲܵģǿ԰࣬㻹еԣͲҪҸףֻҪ˵һ仰׿ôԣֻǡ
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ޣδ䣬׿һз˴ǽҪȻԼ֮⡣
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һ˵ַ֣꣬ȻŹȿڿ͵ȻĹֳУһ·
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ҲߣүеҪˡǵӰȴַһʯ֮ϵĲһڵطһҲװַˡ


415 һ
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һĻַЦһżһ㣬㳯ӹȥȻһʯ֮ϣ֮ڵϣЦû£ܣǿɲɡ
ʱĲȫѪģԹؿַһۺ󣬾ȻͻȻۡع
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⻰ɫˣѶǹֳĿ֮࣬Ƿܵģҡҡ
ַЦҵˣҸһ·ߣǾǸҽǻȡ
һʵѲ㣬ǶǹֳţǶ
ַߵǰ˵ǶйֳĹֶǶʩչһΣѾٴʩչˣǹֳ浱ʱ׿һȻûҪҲһشʵûƸ֣ѵƷǹֳ治ɡ
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СӣǱ˲㣬Ҳʳԣֻȷʵ޿ɾҩˣ˾ʹˬȥɡһӳ˶Ķ֮࣬Żһǽ֮ޡ
𻯺󣬵һؽ׻ַⲻڵҸطúõĽоһҪܽĽƵǾ͸ˡ
û뵽Žõһɲһ㣬ӦǶʮżŬˡ
ȻȫŪ塢ôҲӦŪְɣȻ̫ԲԼð֮ˣʵʵڶġ
ԼҲעֹñϣϾʱѾ˼ѱ֮˶ϣû٣ɱ˶ᱦɶǵȰ
ԼֻҪԲСģͿܻΪС


416 
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ҵ˿ïܵĴΧЩεĽƣרоƽϽƵʱҲӭɱ¾ߡ
ĽɫΪ˵õĻ˻ǧĻ׷ʩչ˾ɱֶΣǶһЩС˴ϴԽǿĵشģɱ¾ԽƵѪȡ
Ȼżʵ൱ġǿһ𣬵˫ûʮİʳɱԷͻǳĬ޶ãڻƴʱ
Ȼ۴еЩƴɱֻҪɱַǰҲȥˮġ
ֳǼ׶ΡĻַǿôϲ߲˶죬ҲòЦһǷˡ
ԭƾԼĸֶΣпƵǿĽƣ˭ֶٰþȴǶԻϵĽһҲûС
ϰ죬ŽպãԾյνƵħȻЩħѾˣյħҲǿͨѶˮǮһơ
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ӣһô˲䱻ԶԶӰصľڷٺˣַҲ֮
鱼ʮͻȻһ״ĵ˸ԼַЦһ˽ԼĿˣ˲˷Ӧһת䣬תսǴһô档
Ӱʸ˹ͣһĴƺĿôͻȻʧȥӰ
ʲôˣΪθңȻһɭɭȴеϷݵ
ԴʧɫתâһѩѾУһһ󲨶ȵܣ֣սپ
ȣ˻䣬ͬʱһžâǰַ˹δ;Ѿ˶쳤磡˼йֱɱС
֪˺ľɱַ콣ƮƵһϣɱҲ񱩵
ַϸո뿪ôб˽ʸƳյХ䡯һ쳹Ƭɭ֣ȻǰվĴΧʮô˹УΪľм
ܣӼ֣ˣƺҲ֪ǵ˲ǵˣһУȻɣͷˣʱĻӰԼٶַߡ
ߣַŭһڰһתұ͵һ˦еƿ˿ʱ׷İɫ磬ƺʱհ˲
æĻĹ죬ͻȻͷһ󣬾Ϳƿ˿ľ󣬲ɵɫ䣬˼æƣһƿ˿ӭȥ
ʱַٻʮ˾ɵľ룬һΪֻҪİ׹⣬㹻ʱʩչ
ǣûǻع;ȵĿַͻȻصһЦһֳֻһӡ
ͬʱһͻȻе˲΢΢һۣƺʲôҧһڣű䣬е磬ȡ
ȡŸճڣһתһڣ²֪ˡ
ܣվһĻԲĿɿڴɰһж÷־ŭʧ˳
ۼַ嵽ǻԶľʱֻǰһӣһ׹һֱĶܾͷ­һᣬͷµµĹ䵽˵ϣͷȴ˼Ե˵ϣ߸ߵѪ
һĻϴеԼֱðԷɱ˵ֶΣ̫ˣȻܸɱˣһоǻŭ
СӣҶȻе˿˿亹ӶͻȻʹʧֵܵıȴʹˣȴǲ뵽ֵնɱʱǺθ롣
ŭһʱַͻȻжһɾ˵ӻǱ߳𣬲һ̧ȥ
ֻ˵ϹâţһӲӵԲι״Ư˰УǴӴϴģ
ؽ׻ַɫ΢΢һ䣬е㾪оϲĽԻûҲ˵һ
û뵽ֵܾȻѾһȻлǿ˽ƲʹûǿԵģֻСˡ
ǼԲι״ӭգۼͱɸʮ޴⻷ƣ䣬ʵھˣ䵽ַͷʱֱֱ


417 һ
ʱַҲ룬ԷҲһڵǿߣõؽ׻һȻԶջƿ˿ӻȡǡ׶Ρ㶪ȥ
ءؽ׻ײ涼һľһζľҶҲ춼
ַûЩڶ׶Ρһ˲䣬һˣ֮죬һ·ϵӰ֣Եù֮
ǰʱǿд߶żʵصһҽ棬ֱֱմһ֮ƣ־һǻ
ۿַĹѵ˱޿ɱܣһ˿ɫȻȫеĻעг֮УȻӭϵַĳ
䣡˫ſ磡
˵ʱƷ˳ȥȻײڴֵŽȥͣкȻ󾪣˺û񾫴Ļ
֮ͬУֻ֮⣬ԼҲǱǸϽ뷨ĺãʱҲ˹ԼҴ˱ǰװӱʮ겻
ڻ֮δȫȻع֮ʣͻһǿľֳֳȻٶ
ַ׷Ĺ˿һϼҲγһ֮ӣһȻȲҲҪ汳
𣬿ϧûˣַЦһֳվȥȴǰ׹һһû
׹⣬һʱĳ׹һ֮ͻȻûԴ
ʱȻڿеĵؽ׻ˣӵתܣȴǲ֪תһ˲䣬ַȴ¶һЦݡ
ȻַϵЦոȥձԶĻȴͻȻһҽУҲͷӷ˼ҡ
ɱڵļһǷѾջǸǰƿ˿ַ΢΢̾һŵǿеԲλʱȴ˷
ѻһգǽָԭΣɻصַУȴһ̵߳ĽԼǡ׶ΡһţȴǺ˿
Ūô죬ﲻ˾ôǸϽ뿪ĺãԼѾж˭֪ˣҧһڣ
΢΢һ·ַʬûһ٣ʹѵռ뿪˴˵ء
һ뿪ղŵս֮أַ˸طר־оŻƽְ֮װ׺ķʱȴòٴηˡ
Ƶ̾Ϣһĵؽ׻ڴѰĿǶƣû˻Ӷġ
Խļ죬֪Ǳ˵ãûѰʺԼֶ񣬷кüñ˵Ŀꡣ
ϰٺˣлʮǿߵΧַԴҲ֮ӲԽļ죬ʱ䣬ñ׷ܣǸƣ޷
ʱѻƵ֮УҲʽһ쵱ʱ򣬿ݻƵҶд˿˿о裬һľģַӶȹĵʮҹˡ
ڴУһϮ˲е˿˿⣬ʱַ缸͵ֵϸķţϰ󣬲Ųòٴ̾ϢĽ֮˻С
ʮ죬˸տʼ˶ƺ˾Եˣ⼸첻һҲûõҺüζΧѲ
뵽Щ΢΢ЦһóӣȻȡһЩʳ棬ʱ˵Ũ˱ƣ˺һֻҧһڣȿСƣ۾
ȻַζͬʱԶȴһĻһɱ¾ʱһסأһųǹڱŬɴעǰԶƺЩʲô
ڱվֱʹǰ㣬ÿڱϣŬһƺûпʲôġһĺҹԵø̶δüκηӦӰѾ𰵺Ѫ
ڱƴȫгϮ̶̵֣һ仰ȴͬһ޷гĽһٴԼĻڵϣûзһ˿ϢȥˡڱأӰʧ΢УƵĲҽУƽ
ʵжֻһݣһϵежָзΪѼ̵һϴչĵڶ־ɱˣһЩСעҪ׵ʧ֮С


418 ƴ
͵ϮεջʱǱѾڼž֮УȴͻȻһɫӰתۼʧ˺ڰشС
Ӱٶжô죬˷ˡлڣҪĶϣ죬ˣһһһӿǰĺ׷ȥ
͵Ϯ֮ˣһ֮ԣ΢΢һ㶣ʱ˵βȥʮڼžĺҹȻԵͻأ˶
ڴд֮ʱȴûһԵôɣ˵ʵ治С
ַһƺУζʱͻȻмٵĽŲͳصĴϢԶƺԼصĴܶ
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һˣַʶ̽һ£Լʮﵽ˻ƾ磬ϢôȶЩͨһЩֶǿ˾硣
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˵زٴˣøϽ·ַûԵʳеһռվʱȫ
ѡһ׼˵ʱһͻȻһűǼӰҡҡλǼӰʮĿĹӰ׷Ҳ׷ɱǰˡ
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΢΢ŮһۺֱַӹǲУЩ׷ɱӭȥ
ͷĽַ꣬ٻӭΪǶԷԮˣʱߣɱ⣡ʱʮ˵٣һ
ַһߣȵҷԮѵ׷ַѻ콣֣ʱˢˢˢһЩΪȽϵ˵ʺ
֪ԼսˣΧ֮˶ԻȻȫ⣬ȫܣֱԼ˹
ַһת˲ҪĴ򷨣Щ˶Ǽʿ
ԼȻְ׹һƿ˿ֱȻԾ˻ǿߵ󣬻һʱһѪͷ׷ɲ
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ջƿ˿׷ǰǸɴŮӣһסȻһץסۣкһģҲɱġһ꣬ҲŮα飬ͼǰȥ
ŰɴŮǰǻ׷ǰʱֻǰܵļˣѾúΧˣʱڲҵĲɱš
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ս֮У˫˭Ҳûз֣ǰ֮ȴһЩʵ˱սˣսȦ밵Ӱ֮Уʧ
˳սַ֪˫ʵ࣬ҪֳʤҲһʱ£ɴŮԼǰ֮
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ַЦԲȻҲɱ㣬ȴʵڻܷ㡣


419 
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ַЦ˴ĽƾԶ⿪ͺúõϢһɣ˵һ仰ַһתҪ뿪ˡ
ַ֪ͻֻعͷЦˣУǻ׷㣬Ӧʲôöɣţҵһˣ
һ⻰ɴŮ㡭ң
ַЦʲôҵģСҾȵģ㶫Ҳݰɣ
һַ꣬Ϻ޹˼ɵһƬȴһȻŮѳһؽ׻һŻ顣
һĻɴŮƴҧ˵Ͼ֪ˣ޷ʲôˣԼ˵Щʲôݻܻеÿԣ⡰ǰࡱܲʱǲԵĺá
û뵽û밡㾹ȻõоȻмֲҪˡǼ뻳С
գգ۾ŵŮĻУЦãɣ㻥ֹ˭ҲǷ˭ˡ۾ŰɴŮ۾ַͷ
ַȺĺɴŮĶ㡭㻹ô
ַЦӦкüûԶٺõ˰ɣҾٸö㳢һӣʱװֱðʳӳ˰ɴŮǰ
ЩˣɴŮӾ㡭ЩǴŪģ
ٺ٣еóԾͳ԰ɣַһ㣬ֿԶ󣬾ʧںڰУĻƴӦҲҪ˰ɡ
ַȫϢսԾһô̽ͷɱҡͷԵǼѽҪ˰
һսϡֻ಻ʮˣм˻Ѫ˲ˡ
սɵĶǴսΧﶼΪƽˣϼûһʬ壬ѪĲ֫壬ɼɱս֮ҡ
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ȴַһȣͻȻսȦ֮УƮƮ֮£ֻŲʿͷһʱһԴĲ飬콣һնһԴա
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ȴֻ֮У⣬˼ѾĸɸɾûҲȱ첲Ͻŵķˡ
ǳֽЦվսϵİӰȴͬʱ֣ŭʲôˣΪʲô
ҪˡַȻ˵һ䣬콣΢΢һػӹ涼ʹõ汻һžԵſ˲նɱˡ
ֻ㻹ûⱾ¡ʱȫУַѾĬ˻һ꣬ʱּһ
ʱѾ̫ˣַ۾һֱӳ󷽵˳˹ȥȻֱҷߵˡ
ǽһᣬһҷ˵ԴȴͻȻֿգַЦһջƿ˿ٳ֮׷ȥ
·ɣŸԼֻʮ֮Զߣַһȫת֮ע콣֮Уһȥ
䡭һһֱӽ屬ѿѪɽ֫ȫĩ
ûǣСүô˵ŻŲȴǲһߣȻѳһɫİ󣬿ҲûСĵ뻳Уһ˳˹ȥ
Ƕͷ֮˵ʬϣַ䱳ŵ壬һֱҲͬɢŵĺɫ΢Цķ˻Уַĺ˿
ͷ΢΢һֱۣߣôĶѲǾô֮أóԶطźãȻԻԼվ


420 ʮ
ַŸոձ·ͻȻм˸ĿĹŽΧ룬һŽ߳۵ӰֳΣòҲ֪ԼΧסˡ
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˭Ϊʲô֪ǰЩǺɱͻȻһʵѶɱ㲻ɱҲûʲô¡
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ַҪߣȫëͻȻͬʱҲŸеһΣУΣյĸоǴ˷ġ
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͡⡭ϮǣͻȻһ϶ȴǸ֮УһһѪַָ
һˣַɫˣڸղսҴµ֮УַʱЩȫˣһʱеҲԺɱ֮ˣЩѶԼûʲôΣˣû֣ȴ룬ȴǸԼΣ
ַĮһۣȻ΢ЦΧԼʮˣ˵ʲôҪɱˣ
¹ضɡΪ׵һЦ˵
仰ַҲŭƽĵЦһ˵ҵڴˣбǾðɣδ£ѾΪһУ˲˺˿ΧȦ⡣
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ַ˷𵴵ط˿ȥ䵽ϺǿʺðζѪȴʮ˵İΧС
ߣǲͻȻһңңʮ󣬾ǻǿҲñοһС
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ҪԼַͨʽʵǻˣֻոջζһǷ˵ʹַ̲࣬סһ
ɾʱԸ̾еַɫȻһ䣬һáһɣһɽʯľУѾһӰʮɡ


422 ɳ
ڵϺַһĳԼովĵطԶԶȥֻǵطȻһҵĹУΪһƬ档
˭ĳɨһȦַһΧȴһҲûУƾճֵһ㡣
ʱŷͬеһ򵥣ôһʱȴͻȻ־һæ̧ͷԶȥ
ֻ⻪磬ҺвʱһַһüͷѵڻƴȻôƣ
ƺķʣһ̣һңңըڴϿա
죬Ȼ뽫Ļ͸ңǱ˾Цˣ
仰ַ΢΢һһȻȥһ̽ͷ֮һ˭ѽȻҶСô
ȻַһֱͲôĹ죬ҲòСԼһֱΪΪǿ֣ǿӵǻ޻𻢺󣬾͸ˡ
ֳһǿĶְʱַǰĽк̧֮ͷһȥ
ֻǰһƬ޴ĿյУ໥ţһִųķг죬͸Ƭɱݺᡣ
ʱǰվϵԵעĿһ˵Ȼַʶ죬ʱϸ۾Ŷһۼ׵꣬ɫɳҪСĴ˶ƤҪҵĻߣֻ㻹񣡡
ٺ٣Ƿϻ˵ɣ˾͵ðѻһ꣬ɳʮɣֱŶ칥ȥһ·жֳģӰ
˵ʹиԣֻǿҲиƴˣһŰڰַ°ͣòĵװ޵
Ȼ˵пҲǶ˹˼ɵĺܣɳһҲҵһŭⷢǻΪһϸĽ˺ѳգڰ·ûʮӰӭֱɳ
ɳһ䡰ߡҲ;л˻ȴǸ⵽ַõǼλенɨ˺УһɫĻͿ쭰ѴϮǰʮӰһɨա
мҵײУӰһˣַֻ֣֪̽ϷںͷԶлޣھȻû壬Ϊɱˡ
ףʮʲô𾢵ַһֻۣʮΧһȦ۾ȦǷʯʯϵǸסɫӡ
Ǹӣַ۹һԺжȻð֣һ˲ѳ˸ͨ͸
ʲôɳڶս˭ˣͰѸԵõ˻ԷǷʯϷŵӦþǸԼĻˡ
ɳĹѾ˺Ѿ˻ԵĹ籩꣬ƼΪˣ
˫֮мҲ֪ά˶೤ʱ䣬ֱԶ׷׻޸ַ֪ߡˣԼĻҲˡ
תͷٴοһǸʮǿصܵˮ©ʯַűһ££Ҫǿжȡӵɫӣֻ»δӽǷʯ̨ͻᱻʮƸֻɱ
һЩССֶεĻͲͬˣַո˵Ϊһеĵһ֣ٶױȣ˼ֻ΢ԥһ£ɫɫϣȻǰСǷʯ̨ȥ
Ƿʯ̨ʮʱΧĵʮƸ⣬ΧҲƬѲ飬֮䲻ףصĺ©
ַˣѾ޷ȻͼǰһԼεϢͻ˾쵽ˣ
ܵһλˣ΢΢һЦַȡƿ˿͸ҲãȻƹΧЩѲԱƿ˿ʮǿǰʱַŬʹ֮¶һЩϢѸ档
ʱַһХƿն룬־콣ѾһݺݵĳУʱѪĽжҽС
һˣַɣɱѸ磬Կ쵽˼ٶȳ֮Уһ˲䲻Ӱ
һĻֻ˵һգоˣ֮֮ͣѸ֮ʯ쾪š


423 ֿտ
˶ûعʱʯ̨ͻȻ׹Ⱪǣ顯һɫϵֶʱΪ˹㣬űɫӰ׹һǲӰ
ã˵ˣڳ˾һ׷Ѹʯ̨ȥֻǷʯ̨֮ϣ˼ѵʯ⣬ȻĿտҲ
ͳͳס죡ʱһХһɫĹӰԶݶʯ̨ߣ⻪ȥȴղڴս꣬Ƿʯ̨ô£
˵̧꣬ͷʮĻƸֿȥðǿҵɱ
үǡ˵ʮȴһʱ䣬ȻҲ֪Ӧô˵ˣƬо
Щػסŭһһ£ײذʯ̨гһӡ
飡ʮҷĻǿߣʱ׷ɨ˳ȥһڵϣãſѪ
أһʯ̨󣬽һǸʮȥһ·Ʋϣƺ˲ѡ
ˣѵ㵱滹Ҫɱǲɣɳһһ̤缸֮ңȭһšɨ顯һһɢĹӰ
쵰ҽѵ£Ҫܣһŭӽͳɳ˹ȥ
Ɀ˲ɣоǰѻһٴɣɳֻһײһȦɢ
ɫ˿ƽɫʵȻһһַʵѷһ
ףɳЦһûһգ̧ͷַʧ˷䵭ЦһһϱɢԼȦ˷ȥ
ãɳƤһ˿죬عͷȻ֪ʮǿߵػµ߻ģһûԶ׷ļ
㻹ʲôȥ׷һ£Ȼô˵ȴûжһоһ˿֮ɫ
ߣ֪ôɳŭһһӣʹԼ£ַܵķ׷ȥ
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뿪ﲻú󣬵һ棬һһӰ¶Σ̽ͷ̽Եϸ̽һΧĻ˳˲ַ˭
ַʱ洺ʯ̨ԱߣһѵʯһķңͻȻһʯ˳׹һʯɢȥȻ¶һװ׵Ľᾧ塣
׾һһ飬׾ʱ㻯Ϊһ˿ߣ¶ǸɫĴӣǾɫƿ˿ûнɫӵߣͨƿ˿ϢĹܣڵص׽һЩǿ飬Ȼ֮˲佫ɫӰһʯһЩʯӷһ
ȻʱҲֱӽӵߣûƿ˿ȡʱʯ̨ߵʮǿߣԲòų²ߡ
Ҳû뵽Լ֮٣Ȼһʱͷڱ˷׷׶ΪûԶ֮ʱȴû뵽ȴǵƤӵ£˼еġǡһʱǱѼϡ
һ·ɱȻѾûˣ˿ɫĴӣ΢΢һЦҲжټһʵÿһӦеġ
˵Ҳ㣬ͽ֮˱ϣﲻǾô֮أǸϽ뿪ΪȻЩһܺܿͻ׷
̧̧ϵһЩм̧ȥͻȻ䣬ԺȻһЦǺüƲߣֶΣֻϧĶУһɳ
ʱɳ΢ЦĴһ󻺻˳֪û뿪һоΪǱҲôǿе߻һЩֶν֮û뵽ñ˲¶ˣ
Ҳò㵱Ǹˣϧˡһ仰δַ꣬һչ׹һѾӰ죬ʮ֮Զĵط
ߣܣ̫ôɳŭһⱩУȻǻ޸ˡ
ʱֻɳλһֻӴĽɫӰֳ˫һȣ˶ʱΪһ⣬ַ



424 
ַѾ֣ôʲôɳ˿ȥɳһķŭٶȲѸǰȥ
ƾԼٶֻҪмͿ԰ʱãã֮УǾɣΣٶ࣬롣
ۼϮַ侪ǲţлǰδеٶȷתһ̣ζʱΪӰѸʮɶ㿪һ
ַһߵľʯٱܣ֪£ԼٶȱȲˣǳں˫꣬ȻԼǰڲˣǳں˫껹궼Ƕм˺ǱҪǻеġ
СôˣܰҵҪ仹˭ٶܱȵңַͣɳǴһͣЦ
ɳĿԣַȴû⣬ǲףȻ֪û뿪ΪʲôҪЩĴȥѲأ
ߣûǱȡûǻкǱƽ֣ɳһ¶һ˿թСֻһ·ߣǾǰѻԹԵĽңȻһ
ۿɳľԽԽԶַһϲδüˣͻ
ɳĸ޾ȻһͷɵıħûӦڷϵĲַδüϸ룬ǰС·ȻըѣƬŽ䡣
һ뺷Ӱ˶ؽڿһŭХһַͷ
ʲôٶȣַ澪һٶ԰ھȻһٶȱҪˣβ𾪡
⻰ַһǸ׳գ˵·𣬰ѻҲһ˭ѡ·
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ûѡˣͷַεҡҡԴ˾ñ˿쵰жô£˵꣬콣͵һһ࣬ʯһֱ̤ɱ¶ɳȥ
ߣҪ޴ľٶֳ콣ַɳһЦɫмۣ˫ȻóɽצģЦһצ趯ֵĻ۳ʮ̴һƷ֮ݺݵĶַץȥ
ǹ˺ѿļ죬ַһû뵽һһһȷʵǿˡ
ƿյצַ۾΢У콣͵Ķǰĵӳһξڵ֮ϣķ֮ʱͳȻֹס
ֹסһɲǣеƿ˿ͣ͵ֶ׹һҵɳԴ
һûİ׹⣬ɳмЦһɫƷһģһǰ΢Ĺƾճϡ
ƿ˿ڴ֮ϵɳûϵĻ׻ˡ
ƿ˿Ȼ޹ַ־ޱȣƿ˿ǵؽ׻Ȼɳ׾ͻˣòһϿ϶Ҳŵؽ׵ķ
ƿ˿͸ԣ׻ɱϧǣԷĺܣϵıҲʵ̫ˣűޣҾȻŵؽ׵ķַ״̾ȷʵûȰ
ȻȡɲУǾֻܴ֮Ӳƴˡ
һַҲ˵ϻˣһźֳ콣һȻһǰ׺ƣɳʼһεײ
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һ꣬һīɫĹâͻȻɳɫĻӿ㳯ַлַһ콣ǰӭ⹥
ۡһīɫĹâʧˣַǰȻֹг˾һθоӵкԼƾ˳ˡ
Ȼɹɢīɫ֮ȴʹòͣΪµǣīɫ̺һֱа
˹صַӷףлҼɳƽ㲻ӵ˫ӵźڰԵԪػꣿ
ţ仰ɳһ㶣漴ͫбû뵽ȻܴҵĹзӵкڰԪػܣ͸Ӧˣһ꣬ɳϷһỊ̃ȭ͵Ľգɫȭͷ漱ۣȻƳ


425 ˫һ
䣡ʱǰǿӲʵĴʯ类ڵУȻѿʯͬſӵַȥ
˫ںϣһȣַâţɫ͸̼ΧۣһĳΪסЩʯʵıݡ
ʯ䶨ַ˫Ƴ£͵سһ䣬ֱӽһһ׶ؿɷ֮һֱӳ𣬾ͬһ̣ϸ΢𡭡
ۣۣۣ
ɳֳֳͬһطַ
ȷʵܵһ˵һУǵһμ΢΢һޣɫӰȻַ˹
ʱɳڻ޵İУ޷ΣַֻܽԼĹ£߶콣ǿҵĹâ
֪ӵжڰԪػɳΪԼԼ֮ϣԼǰԳΪͬھеĵһǿߣеԴˡ
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֪ַȻԼɳЦһĿȴӱ䣬ûɰ̣һӣĺڵַȥ
ںڰԪߵ򲻵Ԫߵ˲٣仹ǿҵʴãַĸǽ˼һ̧֣ոտеƿ˿˳ȥΪһ⣬ȥ
ͣһð𣬺ڰƿ˿;дƣʱЩ֮Ӵľ뻨ȴǷ׷׻˺ɫķĩ
ʱ
ͳĺХһߴǿ׳Ӱͬ磬һһַ˹
˵ٶ칥Ӳƴ޿ɱ⡣
ΪСү㣬㣡죬ַɭȻ콣ڰɽ֮Ȼӳɳؽһ
ڻɲǣַ֮ϻӿ֣ƿõøղһֱ䲻ɳɫ䣬Ҳ룬Ҳһȭ
أȭӣһ죬װ㣬һȦȦƴӽӴɢ
꣡ӵ˲䣬йͷѵ죬Ŵ̶Ĵַɳ弸ͬʱ
䣡ƣ˵صײ˸ԱһÿõĲϣһײʮ˲ͣ
ո䵽ַһһȣһѪ̲סǵĲҶ֮ϣ⻹ַһ˵սˡ
ʱһߵɳȴǺȻ֣һУַ΢΢̧ͷ
ǵƵɳǼѾŤñεֱ֮󣬲ɵõһɻ󣬵ǽһȻˣһȻźڰԪػ꣬ԪػΪȴǻûﵽƾ磬ֻ˫ﵽˣΪȴǱԼһ㡣
㡭ɳţ漴ǻŭɢˣԹĿַȻңң
ɳ˫죬·һŭ޾ȻŭһϽⲻڣ徹Ȼ͵һţһŵ档
䣡һ𣬹ѿ仯Ϊһַ
ĺãַȴǴЦһ㷴ӭȥоں˫ķɾҪˣʱ֮˶ϡ
һӣһɫƾճַ֣ɳȥǿҷѹϵҶ׷״߶ʱģ
ˣַһЦ˫̤棬·һ˼̤ҶϷ׷ױ𣬽ģҰŪĸӵģ
ʶһչڻɳλãƮǱϮ˹ȥ콣ǰƿ˿ȫ˲ȫƿ˿ڡ
͡ƿ˿ʱȻһָϸˣͲû˶ֹͣȻ͹ҪѰ㣬ָһˡһǿХ
ȥɣʱͲͬһɳǰķַȻѾǱƵԼԱߣԥһԾŽĽצ߸߾𣬶Ю˺֮͵سַץȥ


426 ɳ
ɳĻַ́ͷһЦƿ˿֮䣬Ȼƿ˿Ϊ콣ΪȻ֮ƿ˿ϣɳһ䣬ʱ콣һĨӰɳĽצײһ
͡ɳоһصľ͸Լצݽұ̲סŤתϸ΢һʱɫһ䣬ҺڻŽ壬ӲŻǵסһ廹콣ྡྷ˳ȥ
ԶԶڵϣɳһ˿ȻһǵѪ˿ûػԼǹˣ
ɳܣַʱ㣬ôҲû뵽ԼĲ߻һУȻɳסˣǴϣʲôˣںķѻˡ
ַûĻԶԶֹЩɳƺҲַ˹˼ɣǹɰƽϢۺȴûٴַ
ԶԶվַǰɳ۾µĴһַʱʱһ˿ԥһᣬͻȻһҧ¶ʲôһ㡣
ԼѪΪںڰȵ飬뽫ǿңԼ֮κϰɡޱ塣ɳؿͻȻѪĹâţѪɫ͸̼Χ
ѪĵɢȥɳѾȴһ׿⣬ӵ˵̬ȴֱֻۣ޴ͷ­ֻֻѪĿΪĿģֻ׵ľ޴ĺɫ⣬̺Ӵ
һĻַʧʲô㣬㻹ǲɳ
ַʻɳЦˣе˸ŲҰ׵ɫȻǣһ̬£ò˵ңɱǰһǲò϶һ޶ţûв´Ļһӵӵ˫Ԫػ꣬ǰһֱΪԼ϶һ޶Ĵڣȴû뵽㣬ýѵõĻ㣬Ժܷŵ
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ɳѪĿգգƺŶƵģֻΪгţӳţͬھûʤ
źһһ޶ʣֱҲһòǰ˭Ҳ⡣
򶨣ַַֻѹַֻǰı飺ǻûȫֱҲѾӵлǿһɣ
ǿߣĻַĶʱⲻ൱Լǿںܴﵽˮ׼ôֱȻܽԼһ򵥷˼
ԼǿںҲɱˣԼ֮ǰѾǿں˫꣬ܲں꣬һնûС
ģƴˣַվɳһۣҧҧһᣬŭꡭϣַһȣƶȻ
ַͻȻƣɳһ֮ǰӵı飬¶صɫû뵽ǰ˾ȻҲ̫ˡ
ַоһȫâһһðӰȻɳȥͬʱֹâ𣬾޴͵شϷɳȥ
ɳһ˿â͵شһõ˫ȻϸڵԼͷϷꡯһѪɫɢַɡ
ܴɳŭˣ͵һѪлûһѪǹӭ˳ǵӰӰѪǹҵײһ𣬺ȻУռҵŤͬʱʧ
ۡһɳ̲סٴݳѪ˸쵰ȻˣһҪڴˡɳɳ֣ʹһЩУƽԻʤˡ
ںǿһȻֻˡַĵҲ𾪣ԼĹ˲ˡ
ãڸ̾еַͻȻɫһ䣬ǿʶӦԶɽ֣һȺȺѸٳ
ǲٴȥˣ䱸һںϵʱ䳬̣ԼҲȥˣɡ
뵽ַָһָȫ߶ƿ߽ɳƿ漴ջƿ˿һչԶȥ
һַѾӰ죬ʮɵĵط˼Σ֮С
ߡܡûôףɳŭһѪⱩУһѪӰֳ޳һȣһѪһҲû֮С


427 յ
ɳ׷Уֻ׷֮·Լһ·׷ٵǸ׵㾹Ȼڼ֮Уǳû֮УҲûһӰѰ
һɳϱ䣬ôҲû뵽ԼȻ˽ɱܵһһģ˵е㲻ţʵȷʵˡ
ڼȷŭеɳͻȻɫһ䣬ȻԴˣϽ߶ڻһһ㽫Լ廹ԭŻһַּ٣ɳϵɫʱɢѪĿָʱɳŴڴڵĴŴ
ʱ졢ɫӽܼĴ˷ΧɳһתԼĺ󣬲ת
үղŷʲô£еǶӺɫУͻȻ߳һˣһ˵ţǰƮʮףɳʩ
ûʲô£ɳŬװһƽӣ˰֣һĮԼ˵ʣҲʲô˶֮С
԰ɣҸղſǴϸоϢѲʲôǿĶ֣ǺˣȻܽΰɳôǱһ䳰ȷ˳
̵ɳ̧ͷɫޱ䣬ȴͻȻһ˿â˵֪ע˵׳հĻ㻹һĻھ͸ұ졣
һ⻰ͻŭȥһʮСˣҪΪҲ֪ղŷʲôߣXԼһ˶ǲǷݻҲˣ
ɳһ㻹治һıȻڲ뵽⣬˵Сˣֻ˵̫ңҪ㣬ҿһͷײˣ
˵ϣ⻰ȴûЦǰǱӦҿײôҲñðǿ
֪ˣϣ󣬻Цóɳ˵һ䣬һ֣ĵһ飬ֽ̺ʽֻҪ֮ˣȫҴ
ǣүһӦһ飬ŴĴɢȥ
ֻɳߣУͻȻ߳һˣǰеʵүô죬ǲҪȥ
ҡҡͷˣɳһﲻǸʡ͵ĵƣߣǿԶҲҲػǾͳǵĶҲ֮ˣ֪ͨң˾ȻܴɳѣΪǿǲҪݾߣ
ǣү˵˵ͷүΪǴɲؽе̺ʽ룬ղ˿϶ɳˣɳ˺ѾˣǺβרѰһЩ˵ĵط
ţ֮˼ȻѾˣô±ػһЩ֮ˣ̺ʽȷʵûбҪãİ죬ҵˣȡػºʹһ㣡°ͣЦտ
лүʹͣСһ߾ȫΪȡػһ⻰ʱϲ˵
ˣھͿʼɣܴһۣ̾һһػ˵ʵûʲôˣ֮Ѱһ˵졣
ɳѲַͬʱǿѹŸжķɵʹѾһεİ֮С
ֱȷû׷ַŴ̾һڶϣȡһѪҺ˿УȻĿ
֪˶ãֱоѾָһʵ¿ж󣬱æڣճԣʱڶܰȫԴһԼһµɳ֪ⳣǲˣԼܣܶȴⶴжȫЩ
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ѪɫЦ˿̻δţģ㻹Ҫֿô
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435 Ӥս
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ӤһַɨӣûַӰӣŭСӺôĵͱʥ˵ȻҲ¶ĪҪɻǵζ
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436 ҵ
ָоַ޵ʶܵˡ
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ʶȴƬУһҲԸ뿪ԴҲʶƶذڶ
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439 ƽ粨
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˵ʥʣӤļ䣬ǰǺһһﾹȻˣһƽλ档
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඼һЩϢҪַҪɸѡЩõϢЩõģûҪˡ
֪˶ãַ˫ĿȴǰĶһ
ʲôʥˣַȴʲôʥ֮ǰϵѪߡ
ӿͷַҲҶʵеЩ˵ġӣСڡΪǵʥڽʱѪµǣֻҪκξٶɻǵζ
Ȼʥ𣬶ЩѪ߸ʶ֮ʧȥ˵ĿƣͱĴɾַŸӵĲҶΪȷЩѪߵʶͷ档
һܱʥʸµһһˣ׵ЩûʶѪߣΨַС
ҸѪߵİ취ֲֽҶЩѪߡȻûʶϾϹϵĽƣɲ׳ԣɵ̾Ϣŵ֮Ūǣ治ˣ
ͻȻ䣬Զһ״󺺣߾ٻѣȻ룬ȻʪĶѨȻһ
ַȻֳһô죬ô˽
ַּظʬɫǴ䣬æˣٵأʲôˣ
ַһתʲôˣ
ǽ´үϵãô
үַ΢΢һϸһŷһﾹȻĲ䣬ֻףΪһˣЦ˵㵹Щ
ȵүϵסڤǣض
ַ΢΢ЦֵģڤҲ磬㲻֪˭
ڤЦʲô
ַҲЦ֮ʥ֮ħ֮޵֣춯ذʥʣţ
һ˵һ֣ڤǵ汻סˣүδ
ַһδȥ漶ĳ֪ģǼ˭Ҳͷ
ڤŭƾδɵĻëСӣҲ˺үҪжٱ£
ַƵ֪Ϊﵽ쾳磬ɷϻͯػ
ڤĿԼǰŰɡ
ַ̾ϢǷ֮ʥɱѹˣҲó֣㿴Ժǰ;߰ɣʥ㡣


440 ʵʵ
ڤŭȵƾҲ뽫үߣ
ַЦƵ˶ϸǶôģ
ڤǸȥɫѪΪʧ㾡ϡС
ַɢɣ㻹ߣѵҲɢ
ڤǵһѵϣ
ַҲ㲻ʲôֻǲ
ڤ˰Σͦص¼죬бǧ࣬˼䣬ǰҪˣʵвʡ仹ߣ֪Ѹ˳ƺ
ַ΢΢ЦҪ
ڤǵֻҪ¼ʶʶǰΪ־ߣȻ³çµҲϸԼϵĳӹˡ
ַɫ֤֤ʥΪҲףֻҪܽϵЩѪȫŪ𼰱ʥʥͽøҲ޷
ڤĿģ
ַǰϷԣ
ڤǴȥĿգҲգעЩͷַﰵϲֻӡ
֪ʱͻһĺ֮ǰ洫˹˵ÿһ֮м˿⵶ȴֽܣǰһͺһͬʱģʮһ
ڤǻȻףɫʲôˣÿٶȣ
ַգ۾ĪҪ£ֻҪվڱʥԣ˭Ҳ˲㡣
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ڤ̾˿ǰʮġ콿֮һǽǰʮģݶʮأ׹ȻҲϵܽǰʮѩӱǲԶˡ
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ڤǵѩ˵ĻҲǡʮ콿֮һеȻѩӲԴˡ
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ꣿڤ˫ü壬ɻֱ֮أȴ֡֡ĪǶǰģ
ֻһƬ⽣Ӱ׵ӰŵعâڻӳӰ£һ£һ˰ѩȣһҶչɡ
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ֻǺһ⽣ӰˡŮס֣ӵַǰ
ǰŮӡѩӡ۲һɨʧڤǣ
ڤǿЦЦ㣬þûģôÿ
⻰ַ
ѩȴȻһЦڤǣ㣬벻¡ʮꡭţʮһˣ㾹棬ѵ˽ô
ڤǸɿȼҡҡ
ǺͻȻЦԭС˼ˣѩټϸڤǣҲδǡ
ѩӼ˺ڤǣҲǣƤɨ˺ڤԵַһۣ㻹˸Сôι״
Сܣڤɫһ䣬æ򲻿˵λǡǰ
ѩ۾̵ɴˣǰ
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ѩӵͷšһڤǵɫæҡͷǵģң
ַЦЦĿǵأ
ģ˵ãֻкǰˡ
ַĿĿǰΪֹΪⱦˣѲʮλˣȴ˵ˡ
ǵһչȻжֻʣһʱǱˣ
ַ˿̾ҲûϵǱﶼĩƹһ۾ˣ̫ϧô
еĵ䡣
ڤǵǰ˵ǣΣǵȵƼƴһҲ١
ַЦǺڤļʶͬתǷѪأͻֻ׵ȥѪǰȡЩѪ


441 ͷ
ǰԵȣڤǴӻȡһϻӣѪװѪ˹
ַӹϻӣԼϵѪߣȻϻеĳѪȥϲü
֪ƾһϻѪأͱضԽЩѪߡˣ뻹Ƚϻ˸ӡ
ȻЩѪˣٺҲûˣҴʱ˿̣СΪӤεĻ˯֮УҲЩ޹⡣
ȫܶõģǲ㣬Ҫ˵ʱ
ˣڶҳȥǺαɣַվһЦ֪ϵѪߣֻҪԼȥ򲻻Լֵġ
ڵʯУżѨͨַѡһѨȶС
ֱⶴУ֪ѡѨȻءˣ
ڤǽ
ѩǰ棬պһ˿Цĸȥ
˰ʱ
ͻȻ䣬ѨȻʣĴʮɫ
ǧٹ֡͸䣬Ĺ飬֮䣬Ӱ¾Ȼ
վţȴԾƴ
һǻ°׷ߣһǿˣ鶼Ѫ˿ȻѾ
վŵˣɫأš
ַ˽˾ƶδһۡ
ַתͷһڤǡǡѩӵɫȫˣȻϵ˵ģǵϵãһض˴η֮ġ
Ϊض֮ϣ
ڤǿôҲϹ
ַ΢Цһܱ˳ϹͱضЩá
ڤ̾ǵãûСϱǿȥѾʮֲˣʵǵʵ䣬ǾԲ˶٣ᳬʮꡣ
ַŶѵǡʱַǰʱԺ˵ĻˣζɱУʵ˶δﵽƾ硣
ȴֱȼø鵤ҩǿд߷˵Ǳ
Ӧþһأ
麣ڤɫ΢ԭԼΪǵΪˣ
ڤǵӦҲΪλ˰ɣ࣬δ˥ˣҲп֮ΪǶǸʿǲҪġ
ַ˵ͷţһΪ֮߳٣ӦСĵ㡣
ڤǵҪˣе鷳ˡɵַһֽۣŵȻ鷳ֻǶǶԣǰϳֵĻȻǲмһġ
ַʧЦСӿԼסˡĿתǻͷֻΰȴǲƣκҲˣŶʮ겻ɡ
˿˶һᣬַסЦ㿴˭ȡ
ͻһ߳죡
߳죬ȴأַ䶼ˣӶģַüͷһ壬Ʒ߳ˣͷȴͷҲδأĿֻעſеļ
ַƲƲ죬Сʲôɫʥ
ڤɫһһףˣַϵߣѹҪŭȥúõˡ
ַĿ˺ڤһۣЦãȻСˣͻȻ˹ȥָվԭصеһ˵ҵСֶɺã
Сֶַָһͷһۣ΢΢һͻȻأҪŭƼַ⸱ģ۾Ҳֱˣü˭ڽ˭Сֶˡ
ַЦҵĹֶ㲻ϵңȴϵ㣬Ҵ˺ڤǡѩӡæģ㾡ȥˣλµͷҸ졣
ַͿͷͷһ·ģԲһ˵
ͷַôһ˵ȴ־棬Ī
쵰ҳôͷɫȴѱˣͻȻһХХԽʯлƮ
Ҫǻַ֣ͷ˺ڤǡǡѩһۡ
໥һֻۣڤһȣɲǼ䣬ֻâһһǹǳ֣ѩӼڤǳ֣΢΢һٺҲǳһͷϮȥ
ôַ֡һָǣĿ⣬㶼תϡ


442 Ȼȥ
ǲַֻ֪һֻֽϻֱĿ⣬ͷŵλֱǡǹˣ
ϻѵ֪¶սپôַʿĿǣٲֱ֣ʥˣ֪ʥǳ֣ǲֵѵģʱ򣬺ߡ
ΪûƼַʵԶĻһֱŰɣ˴˿ʵﻢ£ʵҲ޷˵ûƼϵΪʵڲ֡仰ŭַɱ֮
ϸ룬ڤǵɱЩˣҲʲô£ûҪŭַǼٵǰˡ
չһսţɲǼۼһսַʹ£ˡ
ַȴվԶԶģЦȥɣСүһˣַһˣһעսԴЦݣҲЩ˷ܣЩţΣֻֽϻʱ˲𴩵ĿܣϷɶ棬ʱߣʱ
οʱһģĵĺµȥˡ
Żսļˣַɲʲôˣˣص֮ǰѪڡ
Ӥļе֪һ챦
ȴӻаϻȡʱһѪӭֻϵѪȫ׶𣬺ͻš͡͡͡ʮ죬Щͷȫ̽Ѫˮ֮С
ǲַϵҲ˿
ŵװѪˮϻӣַپЩѪ»صϣʱͺĪˡ
ᲽߵѪԣѪصѪˮѪǰɫľʯɵģǼ̨һĵַ̨ЦһЦȥȻм龧ʯǻġ
⼸ľʯǡеܲﴦˣѪеѪˮŸʶãֻҪ˲Բ֪ש̨пԻľʯ
ϲ䣬ַѾ̨µİȥˣʱѾһӦ˵һı
һϻַЦȻбַ΢΢һЦҪҿϻͻȻ䣬ڴһ쭡
ܴʱַϵѪȥȫֻ˶㣬⧲ΪǴƣܣʱַһգϻѱ˶ߣַֻȣҪ׷ˣҾݺᣬַ޷㡣
ת򣬾һĴЦ˵лˡַȥһڶƮȻһΣʧ
ַϰѼߵôģ˸벶ȸں󡣡Ȼô˵ȴѪشȥȻٴνѪض֮Уֻꡯһַⶴһʲôһ
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ȫԶ㣬ʶȴڣ͵Ϯ߽ͷˣֻǿΪûлָ˼ңòһơ
ǴԼȡһз붴УȻȡıһ±˳ȴǲַ֪⣬͸ˣʲôҲûС
ǿ϶˵ñ󣬶쿴ֻǼ˳
ԵһߣַŽıȡ˳˻ŵֻԼһû뵽ⱦһⶴͻҪԼŰǲҪˡ˵Ŀһ沼ɫգַɲСЩգΪҲǷŵϹ⡣
ַʵں뿴һѽΪӤļе֪һ׵Ļ
װôĵֻۣҪַӵ׻Ϣ͸¶ȥҿ϶Щ겻ĻϹ֣Ҳĳ׷ɱ
Ӥ֮Բ׻֮˵ģÿ˽Ƭռ䣬⽫׻Ϣɢȥˣǧ꣬
û뵽û׻ϢɢȥַɷǣҪļƻ֮ˮԼҵ˵ӤҲһ


443 ׻
ν׻⼣߲ۣ֪ǼַҲֹǶֻڴ˵еġ׻ޡٽһδǽһϼʯӦ֣жһ㡣
ַƵզ࣬ĵеǡ˲ò࡯ԭ಻ò࣬⽣֣ȴ׻ţĦһ󣬻뻳
ڵøϽҸط֮ˣϷûʲôƣַɲԸ֮ٳʲôˡ
׻ֻҪԼں󣬲ΪԼģҲġ
ͷж
ٴһȥ
һƬïܵɭֻ֮һþꡯһΪ룬һӰ֮˳
ȻַˣõǼ׻һε沼˸ƣС
һһҹǼסŶӦǡα׻ǿһ룬ڡ
һͲ±֪ôһα׵Ļˡ
ΪʲôΪα׻͵ùǸַġӤˡ
ǻ쵰ӡĲȻҪΨһġ׻
Ŭ޹Ӥ֡׻ߵ£Ȼһ
Ϲ߲µĽôƵôһûƿӡ׻һǡ
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Ȼ̫أ׻ʲôһҲǲ֪ûб޸Ŀԡ
뿪󣬵һ£Ǽ취֮޸
׻Ϊֻһ룬൱ؽλ֮ؽ׶ôһ˿
ַޱȣҲû˵ϣ˭ӵеؽλ£˵лߵӵߣ۹ĵһ֣ҶǱؽ׽λ
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ˣȥҲһҲ뾡ַ޺Сֻ֣Ҫܰ޺ãԺκ飬һɱˡ
ͨһ㣬ַ˸Ծĺ䳹ǣַȫ˸ϽϢܿͻָԾȻһ㶣ƺХмŭ
ˣַȻǳңԶţȷڽкɽԼ˸Źâ˿Ҳ࣬ʱеϷǷƮȻȥ
һǳɽȣɭܲһСѴˮʱʱһЩŭַʮУ֣Բ㣬ƺѾˣͬʱŭ𲻾ڶâڿʣڲ
ַʶܿ쵽սȻϣֻΧһˣһһŮӣһǳƯŮӡ
ߵĽˣַɵĿɿڴŮӾȻʶģϴ׷ɱԼ£ԼȡŮӡ
Ѿͷô׷ɱԼȡϵĻѵ˵ʱֵõ˻ŻǵΪе㲻ܰɡַеɻ
ԼеĵһǿߣҪȡûǧѣкüζ㶪СѵѾͷʲôɡ
սʮ׷ΧһƬǽ壬ʮŴǣһӣѪѾʬѪУӹɣսѾ˺ܾá
ʣµȥ˿ͬһ·ȻŮһЩϧĴݻˣҺΪֻлǾ磬ŮԻһ౦ŮϹȫҪȻͲⶾˣ
ŮҲֹˣѪ߰ߣɫ԰ף϶˼صˣѾģʱ䣬طֱֵѸһ룬ܿҪ߽⡣
˭ҵ̫ˣҵ̫ͲŮ˺ַ룬ɫߴϺ󣬳Хһ콣ȥһ׹ֱͷߡ
ХȫŮ񣬷ֹâʢȴе㾪ʧ룬عͷַǺһʱ
ͷŭһˣϽһַĽѾͷ鼱֮£ȫһַ
УַЦһ΢΢һܹУƲֱӽ˵Դһ룬Ųͣϣ̳һɨȥ

ݷĹͷ£˱ַߵײһôϣص£涼


444 ٴ
ֻͷѾѣԽͷѷ͸лϳ͸Ѫ֫ز¾Ͳٶˡ
ѾﵽλɱڵˣַԲѡ
ȻЩһûʲôԼҲܰæַе콣ֻ±ɽǵ·ƿ콣һ̣һֻ۵ɫռӱַһӣڲݵϲ±ŽС
־һʲôأʰϵƷַڵϢ˵Ů΢Ц
ȻŮӵĵһ仰ֱַεˡ
㾹ȻûŮ־ϲ۾ַȡ
ʲôҾȻû˼Һ񻹺Ӧַеǳƣû뵽Ůͬ־ĵһ侹Ȼô仰
ַɵɴŮԷſһЩЦտǺǣԲҵȻϣˣҪҲˣֻ˵׷ɱһɫߵˣҰ˾㣬ڼ㻹ĺúõģѿڶˣˣɯĹѩɯллξңعһرģʲô֣Ǻǣ
ر»Ǳ̸ˣУӦÿвС鷳ҵԼҲܸ㣬ҿ˵òᣬǸϽ˰ɣʲôµȻ˵ַһô΢Ц˵
ţѩɯҲ˵ͷϽ˵Ĳᡭ
ַ̧ͷ˿ѾʼϾҪˣʱЩһѲԼ˰ɣһط˿Σհַüͷ壬˵ѩɯһΪѡ
ѩɯ̫ΣˣҿҸȫĵط˰ɣڲҪұߡַ˵ѩɯȥȴϾѾִŮܲ½ǿıȽϿصġ
ţֵѩɯҲûзַ⣬ֻڵͷ޴ĨΣȻһĻַȴԵˡ
ڱѩɯַһ·ʩչв鶯ɽд
ջƣ֪Ѿ֮Уַѩɯһʱˣǰ˼׺ҵһʵŵط
һɽȫ200ң涼ܺڣڳʱ䲻⣬ںʵȴʧΪһ˵ĺȥԼҲⶴжһˣطһʱᣬӦҲԼҲʡ浽ˡ
Ϊɽдľɷֹ̫ɽɽֲ׽⣬ɽ׺дĵˮԵúʱΪɽԱůЧϺãֲ׽룬ʹɽů
ַѩɯºɽʰЩɲŪ˿壬ŪϴɾͽˣȻľһЩɽĶڸ׷
⽫һЩ֦һַһһˣȻһ׵ܣַ㽫Ѿ׼ζȷ濾ˡ
ǺǣҺԼȼ֮δ˳ԵĽȻУ治֪ζˣַ΢Цٴȡ˶ӣ˾ơ
һ˵ζŨľĴƮɢںЩַ˿ڱĿ˵ѩɯһ˳

ۣ㰡ЩǴģѹѩɯ۾ŹĿϡ
ǺǣȻǴģ㡫ˣ˺ûУַ˺һֻݸѩɯʵ
˲ˡѩɯӹַݸ΢Ц
ۣóԡѩɯһ˷ܵسţһߺַţ⣬¥ƲˣҪһٽһֻ㻹һˡС͵ѩɯССһַһƨ
춨ҲЦ˭ܵ˵ĳ޶ǻ˰
ܲתȥѩɯһֻ󣬲ɿͰ͵ؿַɬ
ҪʲôַѩҪȻʮֵɻ
ҡҪˣѩɯ΢΢ɬ
ˣ㲻Ѿ𣿣ַӵɻˣ
ˣѩɯе㲻üͷ˵꿴˿ԼѪ߰ߣȡһСƿӣЩɫķδ
Ŷתʱַٰ׳Ҳ֪ѩɯΪʲôҪתˡ
ַתӺ󣬺ʹѩɯϡϡ·
£ַ֪ԼϲǸӣҲӦòǸСˣ˿ֻͷһɫͷ


445 ܲ
Ȼʱַȴڼ尾еȴȻ֪ǲǴУʵĴаഺʹԾԾԡ
һŮˣһһŮַ·ַее㷲Լһһǹɳ嶯ڷڣһŮԵļ֮С
һ̣޴ķʧȥ˴棬ҪϾ޴˼⣬˼ʹ޷ܡַû㱣Ȼһҧ⣬״ѹ
㡭ûУַе㼱١
ȻȻֻǴһЩϡûŪ꣡
ȴǲ֪ѩɯҲ鷳УԼǰЩ˺۴꣬ҩ֮󣬱˰ȴ֪ôˣΪһŮˣһòɵŮˣǾԲԼƤһ覴õġ
ѩɯԥַе㺦¡
ʱַҲ֪ѩɯ鷳
ŵùңҰҩɣȥܲϵĥַȻ˵
㡭۾ϣתѩɯ΢΢ȻƤսʤŮӵɬ
ҵĹûиұ۾ôҩַеε
ǡô죿ѩɯЩ޴૵
û㾹ȻôƷ㡣ַһУ콣Уݸѩɯ
ҽʲôѩɯַݹĽ΢΢ſ۾һƬʺԺʵ
Ĳϣַƽ˵
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446 ɵû
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447 ճɱ
ɱеһºڰ̭·վȺʱĸ֮ˣЩμԷֳһұϷںĴ֣ɫƽĵŵһ֮ˡ
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ˣЦһˣ΢΢ײѣȻһӣʹ۹뿪
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ŵ۹۹һЩȽǿȺ˳ֻЩ϶ٵĴ˺ۡ
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ôѵҪƺԺ˼ʱַüúк˸ҲѾе㲻


448 ť
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449 һ
ĬĬڴϣʶȴεǸϣȻԼ뿪ƹݣҲ뿪ˣԶĸԼ󣬵ϢĹ治˼飬ԼʶǿһֱĻ뵽ڸԼ
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΢΢һЦַתͷĿ֪˼ôڿɲԸң˭ģʲô
Ȼǡɱ㣡һɳ䵭ǰ̳Ȼؿַһۣתܡ
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450 ټ
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451 ǰ
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Ҷĵط̲һѪˮȾǽĺɫͼ
ַɺߵǰվԭһҲɫɻҰ׶ת࣬òγƵصɱѪħˣ
ϻүѣһ󻼣ַ㼵Ŀһۣƺмɱ޾ɵԾٳһ֣ûбɱˣүһ⡣
쵰ôϷȥɣַתδתʱһ˿թƣѼһһͬʱĴ˳ȥ
ַͣһһδʵڰ֮Уַе콣Ŵ˸
һз̫죬ԼΪʲôͻȻʧȥеؿһѪʱȪӿԾһ˿ײ㿺˼ǵ±˫ۣ
ʱֻƴӰԾ£ڵ֣˭ΪʲôҪ־
ַһۣŵϵѪڤɱҶƣ
ʲôλӲԹԣһɱ˲գ۵䡢ɱǲʲô鷳ɣ
δģ˵䡢ɱҷֱɱĴڣ˵ЩԨԴ鷳ܼȣСַȥҶƸϱϣһŲҲָƽ
԰գҶϰһƬũᱼ˹ȥ
һũ֮С
ȻһַҶƷ֮ϡ
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ߵҶԱߣѪҲޣ˳ѾȻˣüͷϵˣӣĪɻܻɣ治֪־һ˸𣿡
΢΢̾ϢһƻԼķȥˡ
ַ֪룬ȴû˵ʲôͻҶ΢΢һַ̽ȥһ̽ŷʮ΢òԵо綾Ȼһڣ಻Զӣ
ҡҡͷվ˼ԼǲӦþȫҶƵϣַͻȻһô˵ҲĽ
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˿˾˵ͷҲٲģͳһֻУз߸һĵκɫѪҺһѪѪ꾧ѪҺȡһΣҶƷ¡
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458 
Ҷƻҧס˹Ըǿ֮ﲻ׳ڣ˼ϵѪȾ롣
˭Ȼ֪ڻЩϿָɣַվӰһװ֪׸Ҷһɫҩ裬£
ҶҲ֪Լ񴦾Σǽӹ£ҩ¶Ǻ̸ڹƻæվķڵ˲ȫ
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㣿ҶȻ΢΢ָֻ˹û뵽վҵ˻㣡
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Ҷ⻰ͻȻ죬ٴεͷƽ֮ʱĿѱϬޱȣкηԸָʾҶƶȻ飡
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ַƴһɫæתҶƵ»ָô죬ǿϲɺأ
Ҷƽüһ壬˵ٿȻһҵҶͻȻͳǷȥĻˣĶ飬һҸỹġ
䡢һߣʲô˰ովڶ˵ˣʲôߺߣĲţĲŰ
ַĬȻȴţղļ·㣬Ҷƴиϵ֮뿪ֿܣһǲǣǼŻȥ
СݺһˣҶƵ·Щ뺦ˣкӹˡ
ȴûô࣬һʣһ·̣ŵˣʱǿúһи·
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ָǰһ޳ǵǾ޳ˣҲĳǳأǾȥΣ
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޳ڣΪһ
ʮ꣬ʮǰĹִ£ŬڴĹͬʱɥżֻһŮ顣
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ַһƣһ۵⣬ѿʿЯź񾭹¥ȥַ֮⣺ʲôϲ£
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459 
ʵ벻û¶ݵﾹȻϳԼΪҲеĲԼ˵ߣ乫ӻʶ𣿡ʱȷǽԼ
ƿַһַۣһЦʲôҲû˵ųлԼ˿ȥ
ʮ꣬Ũü۹ڣۣòһ֪Ĺʿ
Ӹҿ϶δüǡ
˱ȭӹˣмǵ񣿡
ࣿƺȻǰ鷿пʱĹôȥļ峯ݣʱֻ⿴һۣҲû⣬ʲôȴμס˵ʶЦԭˣ
˵ĴЦĳڹ빫һ棬벻ӻδǡ
ܹǵԼĪң벻֪ԺʵûһӰӣҪȻʱҲ¶ֱˣɴɼϼڴ½ֵһ֮Ӷó羴أ
ͨһڣ˼˵ʶѵģϱ䣬кιɣ
õΪСĻ¡
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ǻڿ˱һ̸֮Żҿַ߼·Ϊлλľ磬֮ڣΪǲʧΪ֮ˡ
Цǵڿ乫ӽ̵񻹳˵ǳܲ빫ӳһЩʱա
̵аЦʱҲֻֽһп޵̸ν̵֮˵
ڿƣ۾һ㱧ȭҾ乫򰲣
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Цл乫ΪСģ³Լ⣬ǰﲻæģ
Ʋʵʲô£
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ʱҲѵ֪ԼҪ֪ϢҲЩͷˣɫ಻˳
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ڿӵӼйȺ͵һ֪޵֮ٵһָ̣ʵ֮ң


460 Ǳ
ַԱ߿ֱҡͷҲ̫ʱƣпƵ治֪ôģѵϮġ
뵽ͻƿڵ岻棬뿵־̸޵
ŷɫԣЩĹƢԴ粻⣬䣬æд乫ӣĳȮӾסò衣
ַƶԸͬУ˵ͷҲû˵
ڿߺæҪȥˣЦղλүѽ˽ˡ
ַ߳ݣȥңңƽϣɽʮվ
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µַͦܵһۣ΢Ц
Ȼһƾͱ˻
ַȥӣԶŷḻһȥеӵܵˡ
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ƴֵ³ϡ
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Ӱһ˻ЩˣȻУ
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Ī˿һۣͻȻڵ֣ϱǰӦŮ֮£ﲻΪ£Ϊɶ£
һжϼ飬ȴɫĪΪϱСɫǰӦһԼǶӿɾ͸ˣ
뵽ܣҲҵæȭ
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ˡ
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Щ̵ĹүȫӦѡͶʮ£˵ϼ˭Ϊ½ǿ֮һϼЩʲô
ЦպյͱӭǳϿңȻûһļӣѵá


461 ޻
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ַûԼһԣȥ
˽Զ֪ϼˣҲΪ֣ΪֻǸˡ
̰Ͼ磬ϯţһϱжԱλʮߣ˳κ棬ȴΪֳһǹ͸֮ơ
һαˣǰַעĿһڵңණǿˣֻһɨתĿˡ
Ǹ󸹷ֻ̼֣Цסַż룬Ǹߡ
ַƲһߣʶϱԱʲôˣʮˣģǽȨˣ
ϱ־ĳøλˣˮһıл⡣
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Ůһ֣ӡһϣһһᣬޱߵҷЦҼҹ̽·ģ乫ӣλүҪŮѽҼҹϲɫϣӵȻˣ
ʱѼۼ䣬ŮתҲӭǰһһ֣һظȥһ潿Ц˵λؾүӣǽóˣ˼ˡ
һЦ˵˵ϷļŮͶλĴݡսУıʣʱ£ҲЦݣ֮
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ŮЦȻݺֹ˵ôһƪȺȴһͬʱһ뷨ԭŮѾѣôǿеĹӣָһأ
һЦԴԣ֪ŮֽһЦֻԼ˵ȴ¸ˡһȻתߵڣֻ˼¡
һȴֻ׽ЦǹӻǴ񣬸үӼҼҹӾͻˡ
ЦǫлȴһֱĴУ߱һѵĴŮһֻİݺУʲô͵ֻݺУǼֵˡ
˷԰Ƴޣ֪ŮߵԺУȴתһԺѴŮҲһԴݺС
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ʱѱϣһŮӽõܵܣˣʲôôһӽӿЦǧһЦʲôöûУο໹ң
ַһ㶣˵⻰ģǸһɣ
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ŮЦҲԽԽˡ
һ¶ϽŻƮУһֶ񱭣ɿݣϽ̴ǰһϷţṴ̊ྡѣɴ¶ѩۣܻλˣ˫¶⣬ְ
ַ̧ͷȥӿһֹĸоȻ¶ˣһйһ֮Եİ٣ǰֻ˵һϲһȺŮԻǲ顣


462 
ϴμʱҲż˶ţֻȴһȺˡ
ֻٴһۣ䣬ߵڣԱŮΪѰһ̸Цȴûκ˽̸֮⡣
˼̬ȣһЩҪһ̽ϸˣҲðȻǰ̸
ͻվһλɫ꣬ЦǶ׵ģ˾ȻѾˣűǧݾȴδ첻ôҼɺã
˰һۣعͷɫЦֶ룬Ҫøλһ
Ըվһͷͷȥ󣬲ʱһƮȫţ˾һ쳤ԤöһλɫĽޡ
ǣϵһϣȴȻж˵سԺţ˿޶ԣ£ǼûпҲûƵģûн·ϡ
һǿİ٣һȻַˣʱƼǰûҲʶȤصԭ
˿̣ǰٲ˱飬ǳˣվĨĨ죬ĿзŵֻʣµһըӼһɨ΢̾˿δƵģ˺һ飬ŵ׽š
ʱֻ嶣죬߳λɫŮһλͷףƮŮӡ
ʱȻԵõַҲ֪ΪʲôͻȻָоеľƱ̧ͷȥһоƱ顣
ʱ˵񶼷ϱСϣȫȻûע⵽ַ
ǰǸӦʲô޿ַһۣ΢Цſһۣת۾ͻȻŮӣٵҲһ˿ȡ
δ֪Ǻģˣַ΢΢ЩŮȻǵͷ˼ףַ֪˭ˣ
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֮̾µ𣬾ɫоҲĵøƯ椶
ȻַҲĲעݣϽŵᣡ
ʹˣ֪ʲô˼꣬ȻˣҲݶˣһжĹȻû
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ŮãȻǰȥ˼̬֣֮޲̾
Ůڲ£ŮңǰӦ֮ˣֱͦȻ֪һעԼҪúñֳɣ˷ġ
Ц˭ϳ
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飡ǲӹһ٣о˳ǵڻˣǺĽɫȵĻ
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ԱߵŮҲҲЦѣ̧ͷһ۰ٺ¶һ˿ɫ󣬲ŵͷ֪Щʲô
ңֻŮ飡ЦͻǱ˪һ䣬ΪһĨϹ˹
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ħһ粻ľ޴󳤽źӭϰٷЩ֡
䣡
𣬷ɳʯµġħͬʱײϻ֣һͬʱڴɻЩ֮СʱͻȻЦһǳһɣɳ֮УһӰ͸ӡϹѵš
ѵһȻ׷ɶ𣬶˵ذ£Ѫ˹ȥ


463 
Ǻǣˣ˭΢Цſ̨һۣû˸֮ĿһЦתĿŮӣ°ͣ﷢ǺǵЦ
񣡡ֻ֮ͻȻһŭȣһӰ˳ֱ̨ȥ
Ϸǲɣֻɫһ䣬æվ
ӰȴͷҲδأҷȻǾԲñü޸Ū¡֮˵ģ
ǷǶԼȰ裬Ծ̨֮ϣ̾һԭλֻϣǰٿԼ̬£飬ȡǶ
ַҲĿһ̨ϵĻꡣ
ֻ곤ԳͦñֱĿ㣬ȴйֻ۽Դż˵İ
ַһһӦòǸɳǽԼȥɣţЩ죬˲ˣֻǼ겻һΪȻҲѴǶˣضڣؿ̤αƵľ磬źõĻʽƾ磬ҲǴпܡֻŰ٣ɫôֻеͷԵأ
뵽ַЦѣ΢΢Щֻ˼ˣ˿û˿øУԼó汨ðٴҲǲ
˶֪ٵݣ֪һʵ濴ȥǿȣƺҲǶ壬ַȴ֪ŻƾΪ
ȻֻŪ£ɫ֮ͽÿЦɣΪŮɫֺα뱾үأ
Ϸз֮⣬Ȼŭ˫ȭһŹâԽŭһǰҪȥ
һҲͻȻһֻ̯ȻİâֱץϷǵĲӡ
δҲ̫ˣϷǼԼôӣǷŭһ˦ҪƮȥ
ƾ֣ҲѣЦһΣһâָųϷֱݶȥ
ϷֻǰһƬ⣬УǼɫȻչγйдһݣҴ⣬ȫҴѧŵߴƮ
Ǻǣʹ˴סɣЦ䣬һϺɫĹȻһϷǰڣϷڵĹȻңܿƵ߾ȥ֮ƽ⡣
һֻץĲӣд쳣䵭ǿͷĺ˵֡꣡мĽһϾڰֵ·鿪
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Ϸǻ£ֻŭһٹֵϷֶл飡
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Ҫ֪ڻƵؾϣȻŻ졢־磬˵ǿߣͽ˵˵Ļǿߣǳ־춯صĴ£ȻǾԲ׳ģ˵Ǵ˵еĻϹˡ
£оϷƣ޴ƣ裡Ϊ仰ʹﵽƾļһޱ
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ţȥɲãΪһ̰ɣټϷǲսӣһ˿ϷŪ֮ɫһ֣ƳȭƽƽһȭӰ첻ŵϷƮȥ
ϷǱ˵̨ıԵͷȭӰ֪ȭǰٵĶ֣ʮݣùʮȭӰֻɫʱһ䣬ҲеʱͻȻһǹĳžһϷǵļ米ϡ
Ϸſӳ£ֹסѪϱΪ֮ҲŭѸԾ˽֮ϣȻŻȭСֶˣ
ȴĿЦЦ˵ղųˣֶҪ
ȻգٽȡʤˣʱԣԼŮضҪ޸ϵɾ΢ˣֻЦ˼Цȭۣģ
ǾͶлˣٴ˸ֽĿͶŮϡ
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٣˶˵ϧ֮ˣֱӼˣ̫ͻôһЦմ̧ͷȥƲ֮£ĸߴ󣬼ж׶ħݴԽն


464 ֵ
һףݴɫ΢ڣ󶼱һһڿ趯š
еС㣬Ǵȿеģ٣òҪ֣һӺڰջһ䣬ͻȻһ֣꣬ſ̨ϵİϮȥ
ߣǴҲҰǰôſ·еˣ΢΢һɿǸҶԼ֣ͻȻе߾˫͵ŵ棬
ԹԣС㵽Ǻ˶ȻôǾȥаϧСүûʲôָˣ
죿ȻҶŰٽҲϵˣַҲŤͷпȥֻȫ꣬ɳϷɫ
֮һɫӰ䵭֮дһҺɫӰʵϲ֪ʱһɫϵһɫƮһΰѪɫ˳ɫĽ䡣
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հٵģܣʱִһŭһӰдһյֳһַʧһֱۣʹ󺺣һֳųңҡŰ١
ߣֻ̫ˣȻôҰ˵ǿӣһǸˣһĵص
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ӰתһͷɫƮ¶һ˫ûһɫհף΢ЦϱǰԱߵŮӣ΢Цּˡ
סڣеģʱŮͻȻ̧ͷĿһۣ
Ǻαˣѵƾһ䲻ôΪʲôҪ׵Ĺܾң̧ͷŮӣεЦһһﳤ౾ͨһЦȻõĸоһƬӭ
ңɲʲôҲҵ⣬²бȫƾһϲãٺã˼һˣҲ¼㰡ҰôΣӢ֪Ļû˵ꡣ
תģתɲǣæסҪô
쵰ˣһ˿ҽţ̤գһգۼ䣬ԭʧڰǰһ֮ɼı仯֮
ݣľѧû뵽ˡͻȻԼǰ죬ٵûһ仯֪һ㡣
һҲ̫άңһֻҪ㲻֮£֮£ǿѰʱ㣡
磡һ⻰׳󺺾һȴһɨͻȻǴĮȻľһ̫ˣӭ׵ģƴҲûбҪ
⻰˲̾Ϣһ
ְɣ֪ãôһ仰Ҳۼ˶Ļڣ
ҵĻڣŭЦǻڣʲôڣǣߣ
֪ɫҰȻһŮĳŮҪҰ֣ܵģ˶ҵӾѿຣ
㡭ŭٶԣȻȷԷ־ɶҡҲ˵ϻˣ̧ͷĮȻĿŰ٣ұ߿еݳδʣȴһԽĽ
һɫʴӿеʧԭء
ûϸʶ֮иоһĨϬĽ壬һֽмȥ
û뵽ʶԭֳֵ֮ŽһֵŽâ²ϡ
ݣȳڣһĨĹâӰѲ
Цһͷ΢΢һͣһɵĽķ˿ƿնȥȴֻǴ˸˿ûȥһ
ôǲ֣ͻȻַɻһ䣬ȴǰɲٵһ硣
ǰӦñֵ˲òŶ԰


465 ٰ
˲תһֱѰһˣӦúܿͻˣַһۣ΢΢һЦ
Ȼٴν켸ι󣬰ͻȻһֱƮ˿
ˣֵݣҲʶˣҼаɣһ˿ͻȻˣʱٴδһƮȥĨնա
쳤һգһɨԲ֪ʱҲ˹վԭصİ٣ֻһ߲ӰѲ֪δˣʶûаǿֻվԭأԲӦ䡣
һƽϢϮɴ·
һһ಻ǽɢĹŹƮɢдһ쳣ζ֮Уʮ٣һٸոʧиɣÿٶһ˲ͬĻӽơ
Ȼӹģȴ죬ȻվԭûжÿλٵĽʱÿһӭжѲģƮһֽ㣬Ƕ
Ȼ̳ɰǧȴһûе֡
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ַӰ״θоһ˿ĲһּȵΣҲǣԼ£ʱҲȰٺõȥ
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д־ʹһȻڲ֮Уֻҵľһ˵һ٣Ҳʮ˵գһ̧гֱûڣͷҲص̨
վһһ˿йԻģ죬ޡЩٶŮҲ˳Ժ
ߣһֱڰֺ׷ԾһֺЦ̨˭³Ǵԣ
ʱ֮ȻԶ֮󣬵ּӵǲԶˣʲżʱ˸³ȥȡͷ֮
ǴֺЦعͷϱæӵʱ³Լǧ޸Ǵɣ
һֺҲֵǴΪɣѾû˸ҺǴˡ
ˣ˵Ǽ춨Ů˭Ҳ᲻ȥģڵʲôĪΪǰٻɡ쵭ȻĲʵڲ֪ˣ˿Щʲô
˼Ҷѻ˵ˣһֱûվȻܲ⽫Ů޸죬˿ΣȴҲˣ΢΢һ˫üȵһƱطŵϳ̾СŮŮףܣӢţǡоһˣȻһˣϷȴЩ
ϱǿϧʲôûһ㣬̾üҲ嵽һ𣬾޴ƽžƱȵһֻϸɵľƱˡ
飬˲Ϊ֮һ£Īɣ׻ʲôĻɡ
ֻиֵߣһļϵܣǸ̾ջСΪûô
һۣݣЦСܵ£ϸ簡СŮףһΪ˾ܾСŮľұΪ׼ģռԻСŮؼңǶСŮ⣬ȴϣȴûСҺź
⻰Ҳ΢΢ҡҡͷЦƷòȷʵʤ࣬ΪҲֻڲ֮䡣ҿΣӦҲϵСϵܣҲ̫̾ˣʵҪ˵ƽ˷ﳶϹϵڵĻԵϸͲҪԹˡ
Ȼһӣ㲻֪ѴˣȻϵ꣬ԸӣʲôȫƾԼϲã֮ǰٵƷҪ硣˵СŮǼ޸ˣкӹôиСŮòǰͶңĸŮϵҲŸոպͺãȥԼϲ¡ǡһȥһѶûˣĪɣյСŮ׵Ϣɣǰܻ죬ȥϷһ׮ء


466 С
ԭ˵ףԵɣǴҩؼУʦ³գʦ˲ȫˡ
ˣ޹׼ϺѧԺȥѰַ˭ȥĲʱʱַڽˣѧԺҴһꡣ
ڼ䣬ƾּöΪϺѧԺһѧ֪У֮ʱȴ죬첻֪Ϊοò
ʼ׷ַӰӣôܴӦ
þ׷޹û棬ڶǿ֮ʣȴ֪鷳󣬵ʱҲϺѧУҶơ
ȻҲϵĳҶƻǲôһ˿ҶƵػһʱҲаˡ
ɵǣʱҶҲ֪˰ܵ飬ŭ֮һѪɱ֮ǿս
һϺѧԺǴȥˣ
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ǰٺú󣬾ҪҶƽ˻ɲ֪Ҳ֪£ȻҲ˹
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߼ģ̾Ϣһ˭Ī˵ľٱ˽ܾ֮˾ȻûҲĶ֣Ըʱ֮ǰ
ʱַݣһһֻ˫Ŀַϣﻹüʲô
ַϬδȥȴѾעԼ»عͷȥҪֹסеĲˣЦЦԼȥñүȥ
ããСӹҲ󵨣ӽ첻ȫ㣬Ժ͸죡ŭЦȻһ̤棬ӰһӰдͳлϣСпʱ
Ŀ֮Уַ֪ͻȻһЦ
ЦΪ̶ҲҫŰ¶治˼֣⻰һȺʧɫһתͷȥ
ֻոջվǰַ֪ʱѸĺ棬Ȼһ˿Ц
龪ˣٵ۹⣬Ƶĵɵϣ뿴ַϵһλΪֻϲŻ
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ĻʣڶֵȻޱȴҲһֲ©ˣжַҲɻѣ˵۷Ѫĸصļһ⣬ûʶġ


467 ȭɫ
˵ݵλǾԲֵģĵףûַ롣
ʱʶַǲϵⶼǼܵ£˳ʽκݣһס֡
ͻȻٺЦһ˵ȷʵ棬úܣѣʵǸ˼ˣѲߴͽ̣ʽĿһһ͸£ҲѧѧС
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ֻǸտʼˣַЦһڶȭѨֱҶš
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˿ͷĸٽӣܿȭչƵַַĺ󱳡
ַǲʩչʱѲʽַͶ㣬ʹƷϮȻ䣬ͷ֮©˹ȥ
һҪסɽ޿ɱܣΨлӭ
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첻أڣҲһȣӲƴһȭִټ˫ϸַǲơȭٿƹ˫ƣա
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һȭ֮챻תҲƣδ³
ַȵһȭΪԼģɫ죡
ģʲôԼԼȭôŭơšɣ緢
ַԲͷת磬һ󼲷磬򲻵ţٿȭ綾´̣ơȭӰҼա
ɲǼ䣬һڣڱǼ侹֮δʹһֳһš
оŭСӣһֱȭʱýšδ߷ݣԶԶ׳䵽ϣ³һ̯ѪѪˮаģмݡ
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ػɢҲƣοǰþҲַ˿ѵ


468 
Ǹ߰䵽أǾǿޱȣˣҲãֻСӣơ¹ַַֻ֣ಫݲͬھҲҪָһ
ԱƵӾ磬ʱַһһַֹֻ̬ĻеɳľګɵӰӣǾʿ˫ˣ˼ɣ׽
ֻͷ¹ײ˫ȾϼϲɵӣʱôˣȻϵ˵ܣ֮ܰ뵽ɫһ棬æ˵ϵˣҪСɫǺã
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ȴûַ֮£ΪǰͿַǼȭ飬˺ûʲôõĵġ
ַƣв֮Уһ٣һҧҪӲƴһһɴӿɵӳ΢΢һͷһֻѺַ֮䡣
ַͻȻ˽æ֣һȭ߿գڵ棬ǰ⡢ʯмĿ䣬ͬʱַҲƮ˳ȥƮ䣬ɻĿƣ֪˾Ǻ⡣
ƻ̨ף΢Ц֣ϼЩԨԴٺ٣Сܵϣ¾˰ɣ
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еӣҿ
ƿһۣڣͻȻ͵һͷһһö١
ȵү£֣˵ϻ䴩۾
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ַԼУôСҲ̫ʶ̧ˣСүҪúĥĥӣ˵ȥӣˤ䣬ȴ䵽дֺǰ
ֻǰһƬڣƺˣ˴ʹ̣ץסվԱһֺļͷҧվһһٵ㻹Ҫģ
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ַһδشԾ𣬳ݶϡĲҺѣš顯һӰȴǶʿؿѪ죬Ҷδ鼫ǿɲ
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ַǰŭСɫյСҲ̫д´ǽԵͷɡ
ȴַɫɣһȴһص顭㻹ǵң˵Ļˣ
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졣
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ĬȻãַ꣬ɻã
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ʲôɻ°ģַ˵һһ㶣ȴ֪Ů˵˼µ粻ġ


469 ۾
ȥַıӰһʱҲ֪Ƿ׷ϣƼֵܣ㻹ɵվʲôϰ⻰ַһ壬æչ׷ϡ
ϱǰʱַֹͣ
бôüĿһַ΢Цα䣬ΪСŮģ㾹ȻʤˣǲӦûһأ
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а֮飬Աϸַһȴǿ飬ϱЦݣַ֪ʱ룬ճˣܾˣǺӶĽǺӴʱȥԺˣȥȥɣһ˼룡
˵Ӧ䣬ַȻһһ䣬Ծ˺ԺӰַǰ֮˵ȴһ⣬Ҫƿַ֪ȴַ§ס֫̾ʲô
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ַ΢΢һϣԭѾãбǧپ仰ҪһΪ죬һ⻰Ī˵ǧپ䣬һҲ³
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Ʒ˿Сպãָḧַգ̾˿ȴû˵
ַ͵͵ۣ·ȥֻĿע棬˫ɢ⣬͸
ˮԶͷ䣬ƿشڶȥݼ⣬ؾŻڵգѣԷȥˡ
ãֱַӣֻĺƮһƬʻ⣬££㷢صÿǵѰˣ˼Ҳȼˣȴٴˣ


470 йӰ
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ΪʲôΪʲôظذǱڵϵĶ̽뻳Уһ紵ƺЩ⣬תַãͻȻۡһʹ
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ѵǰ˵Ļôֻôʱģֻʵţоһ˫۰򣬽ػסԼļ
һ˿ůĸоĴǿֹסŵҸôأ䣬ҸôأСҺƵûȥһᵽģһҲǺĵˣ
Ͼ㡭ַĿ⣬һۣͻȻס죬ֻƵ㷢ţƽĺĲƵġ
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ʱǿŵĳֻɷʹޣŵί뱯Ҳʹޣõй
ַ飬ȴӳԼҸôأ֮֮࣬ѡҼȸǣȴҲ֮ѽѵ治Լأ
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ڣ˸ļ򣬳߰ɣ뿪£Ժ󶨻ġ
ӵ̧ͷĬĬȥ˭ҲԸʩչṦƹǰСҹɫ߹һԶǹС
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Դһﲨת¶¹֮´ֻظ˼žǡԵĹȴƺûƶԼ۾˿Ȼַߡ
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ӰͣǴ̿һˣַһת֣ͻȻ䣬ɫ΢䣬뵽ⰵ֮УԼڿα仯ЩɻȣԼзȻϼ޷׶༪١
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ۣͻȻһһȵѽһ֮ɣһ֧ɳС֮⡣
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ȻЩ£ȴ˿ûаͣ٣żһ㣬α򷽲촦ȥĿԶȥֻСͷһþ֮ϣһºӣĿ˸Ŀǰ档


471 ֮
ͻַŵһ顱һأһšһԾɣɽȥ
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俴Щһ۵˭һ£ЩľǰαƮƮ£һƬҶ
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ߵַǰﲨһתͻȻӻȡһдּ
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ȷʵӦøǣַ˵ͷڵصǸһˣͻȻ̧˹ȥֻǺСһ֮ƣſ³һѪŷ
飬һתɿһͷȥ֪Լ˿˼֮У֮ԸҲ֮ƣȻϥڵϣһԲĿ˼
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ֵ֪Ըˣʲô취
һ㶣ҡҡͷȴַһתƺԼʹ˸ɫЦֵһ䣬شңҾһָ֧Ȼһ䣬شҾָֻĺӣȵҪĶ䣬ıӣͷʱҾͲ˵
˵ͻȴ׿һתĿȥֻǺȴĿ̲ס亹


472 Ҷ
ַЦһֵҪǲţҾԸ㿴
ЦһߵǺǰδ˵ȴǺԳ̾Ҫʲô
ַһЦһۣ㿴Ҳúô
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ȴַ֪ѩս֮ʱԴĸַǺ࣬赭дļ仰ȴ㹻˵Ϊ֪λ˵Ǹ˵óõĽɫ
ַֻһЦ㣬Щ˵Ǵģ
Ǻ˫ĿһţĿһתһ¶ʵ㣬㻹Ҫ
ַüһʵʵػشҵĻҾͷȥһΪؼȥ
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ַӺ棬ݶڴǿ磬صȥԶŵĿĵء


473 
ܴһۣǰһУַһǵ´󶴣ԶԶ󣬴ӵ浽ֻɸߣԲǧɡ
ڴ󶴵Ķϣļʯ񣬸ʯ˷ɢľ⣬һ¶뵱ڻǿߵȫһ
ֵܣϵı溮ȪˣˣˡӵͻȻ
ַͷȥ˵仰ȲĿ첽˳ʮˣδü˵ЩʲôӵӰѾˡ
ʱͻȻһ紵ֻȴַ鲻ԽĴһ£׵ĺܣ˵ĸоȻȣûж룬æԼӳһ֣ȫɹķ硣
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Цһ£һߴʮɵ¶ʯϣʯ·ĺȪʯ϶ӿ˳
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УַһһӨ͸ƿȡ˳ƿ򿪣һʱӭһЩӨۡ
ӱϿЩĩɢ֮⣬ȫޣûʲôرĵطȻַϣȴ¶֮ı顣
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벻ףַҲˣһ֣ҫ۹⻪һһĸǰ棬˶Ϊ֮ĵؽ׻
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ã˿ĪƵһ꣬߬˫ۣ𣬵ڵĻʯеĺˮȥ
ˮǵ׹⣬ַĻĴӺˮзһϸֹ֣۵ƴС󣬰׵۵ٶȽһɫҲпʼ΢΢
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뵽ַµıԽҫˣﵽ˷ȰСĵزĸڡ
죬ֱ׽ĸڻһҺַ㽫콣˽ȥ
콣Ľ룬ԸˣԶԶȥѳһ˶Ļ򣬶ַҲԽ
ٹ˶գҲǱӶԭ⹳ȻհʱͻһҺ壬ʱַ֪ںϻʱ䵽ˣ˾ܿƱѾʮֳڿɲʱԽĿƵı档
ʱڳ죬ͶʱɾʱдһƵıȻ󣬵ַһɫʱѿ


474 ʧ
ԥһ£ַ̾˿ƱĻͣŻʧҲʼȫʧַŽҵ̧ͷһۡ
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Һ콣˽׻ܵķҲ٣
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żİٴʱһӨ͸ľɻףһѻɫĽһ˫ĺ쳤ѥһɫƵĳ米˰С
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Һַؽ׻עѪջ񣬵õǣǼޱȰ
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ַ׷ʮǸΣ㽫Щ귢黯Ϊ˵һ飬ֻӵһʱҲ˵Թû̸һЩ֮Ҳʡԡ
ˣҲŭģֱǴϲǸسŵһ뵽ԼĶø˷֮壬;Լ֮棬ţãЦأͺãͺã
ַԼĹغ󣬴ϳôıΡ
ӵҲûʲô˵£ǷΪԺ֮УȻһҲܿʲôҲܣ˾˯˾ͳԣʱг涺ԽԼӵ˼֮࣡
ЩȻ˵ɣǺ⣬ַȴ֪ӣǸҲģ߽ȫ˵ַ꣬Ҳ
ַͻȻףϾ;ȥ
߿ЦҡҡͷˣҵĶ㻹ǸϽ߰ɣҪô֪㻹ţͲˣϵֻҪ֪ž㹻ˣùϵ
㣿ַǾߣ
֪ߺȻȻһЦҶһΪϵǸӣԸߣȴĲߣϲǲǣ
ַǡû˵Ŀ
ȴ߻վѲЦ飬ֵַ֪ˡ
ַĴ˹ȥ߳ԼһַָȥȴһɫĴԵص״ףִصס
ַվԶʱûп˿һԼ׷·Ҳģȴ֣ʲô֣߲ԼôϸϸһҲŪϡ


488 ȸ
һΪʲôҲŪӣЦԿ֪ˡ
ַҲʵĸץסǸӣ˹һǸӷǽ֪ʲôģַɹȴҲȴյʹ
һǷͬСɣ֪ɹ˫˿̾һӴϼٱľҲܳϣ˿ӲȻ󾪡
ȴЦ֪ԭ˰ɣ
ַ˵ͷȴЦʲôӣ˿ŪϣַȴţϻûŪϵĶⲻΪΪжߡ
Ϊһ˫׻ѵ׻ҲϵĶô𰸿϶Ƿ񶨵ģ
콣ַһЦ
ַģֿ˿е콣ߵɴ۾ַѹѯʵеǻʲôģ
ַһЦڵף
ףһѵ׵ĻҶʲôĻԵȻ컯
븸׽ֱֳַ콣ѽƵǹӣ
Ȼɻַ콣ʵԣɷǳʵ˽š
ַڵĴӣе콣ֱӻ
һ
콣ͬҶһƮȻںɫ֮ϣֻáۡһ
ǸӾֱѿ˺üѺۣѺֱҵԵλá
ֻ˫΢΢һʵͶϿĴֱӷֳ룬ȻǺͿģԴַַ֮һ£ʹԻˡ
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߻ϲΣǽŲ֮Ҳɫһ
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ߵԶӣˣ߰ɣùΪˣ
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΢һ䣬Ŀתֻһ֦ҶŨܣǾĲ֮أٲɣһԾϡ
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489 ټ
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ֿߵҲЩϢɣұ˻ǣһ㰲꣡
ٺ٣޷ֻҪҶľͳˣ̰ĿַһۣҲ΢Цȥˣ
棬ۼ˶Զȥסַʵôүӽӳģ
˵ֻԺ˵ˣַüϢһҹֵǻүӳǣڳǽң
̲סʣǴˣ
ַ̾˿һҪϼһΣ
и棺үѾȳˣ㻹ȥʲô
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һƴϵδ²ãϼЩһæ׷ԼΪҹϲٸҴˣСһһͨǰĽƣһ꣬ǰֳַֻ֪еͨ㵽ϼصĽءĹˡ
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Ϊɶӿ˲ӣԽԽˡ
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۾ҲǲұɫģգҲգضַЦԼ֣Ҫҳ֣
ַ֣ĿԼǰ˲ˣļһͻȻһЦСӣֻܹ˶ˣ
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սپɣַ֪ﲻܾɲǣסˣһ콣֣
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490 Ĺ
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۾ɵùԲɫԪֱ֮ӳ޽ȥ
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콣ֱĻڹ͵ţ͸еһ𣬷·ʲôѵһҺʲô֪ˡ
ת˲һǿ߱
ҲԳ˰ɣҵļˣַƮ˻ΪһỊ̃һɱ˹֮˲ͳ˴ϵǰ
겻ʱдѮް߰ףֻ۾ȴ
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ַһͻȻһֳֻ̯ץϵĲӣַѿϲȻΪϼ츳ȴǲһͿ껪ѰˣΪҲǾ硣
Ա֣浱Ǹ𣿡Ƿŭһ˦Ʈȥ
Ϊӵôֱַ׷ϣɾʱϸղվĵطͻȻһɫȻһַڡ
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һֻץַĲӣдһŮӽڵĺȴ쳣ֲҶԼ㵨ǲС
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491 Ĺ
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΢΢һЦ콣ڣַп̧ͷΧĻ
һһ޼ʵľ޴ƽԭƽԭ֮ϣž޴ĿӶӿӶֱǱ޴жɵġ
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Ƭİĵտ˼ۺ󣬲һЦóɶǰĹָϣǰʹ÷һĹָǰҵҡƬָ֮ķ
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ĹУַɶ˵ǿʧƬ̱ɥΣ˻ɲҲûɶ飬ɲ˿⡣
ҪԼǿ߿ʱܳǰ棡
ַĻǰУһĶ֣ǹĳ֣
һ޴ĺٺȻһַŵ׵𣬽ַҽöãһɹƬĺѸӿһֱôִַϮ


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΢һ󽣸ģߣߵƬֲ֮Ϯ֮
һ޴ϺٺȻԵֱϮַ䣬ϵļ̣ɫƣȻһ˿ζϣȻżѪҩ
ףַѾ֪һʲôˣףֺų֮ޣԻΪڰٱޣȻ֪ıˣַǰԸֶΣȻֵˡ
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֨֨ĲҽԲƤ֮´һСɵӰԺɫƤ֮Ծǳ۾ĶŲԶַ
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Ĺ֮УȻΣھȻǿߵ򶼳ˣһַ̾Ƶ֮⣬̧ȴǷȫ
Ҳת򣬻᲻뵽һӿֲĵ֮С
֪ⷽǸǿߣڲ֮Уǰɶ˵Ĺзʶѵ飬ȥʥɽкһ²Ŀԣַ΢΢ҧҧٲ̧Ľţ˻


493 
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һȥɽ䣬ǰɫʯ飬Բ⻬ͷ­ССֻȭͷࡣ
Զȥȴ˴Ƭɫģģ޷Ρ
ʼձ޵мɿķΧڣѪɫĹϼͬˮһ㲻ͣмϯѹţһ࣬ȴ˵̰һ㣬粽ѽ
ԶԶɽȣַɫ粻Щ˲ܵӡ
֪˶ãַɫһ̧ͷ¶һ˿εĿЦ
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ַֹ֮ʣɽϿͻȻһɫ磬һŵֻɶ׷ȥʹֻһ˲ĹַʶǿǽϺеĶ˸š
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תۼ䣬ǾͻΪСڵ㡣
ַǲģæʶߴ٣齫ٴ򿪣ٿ񱼡
ͬʱַҲΪһ׺磬ɽжȥ˾֪ǿȥ磬ץʱͨǰɽͷ鷳ɾʹˣռٴ˲仯޾ĲҲٴθ֡
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ζ콣УҲΪһ쫷磬ưؽǰĲһĴ·âڻӿ䣬ı鲼֮УǱǵɨ֮ǽʬѪ󣬶ӦѣΪǻҡ
ǹǻ̾Ͷɵĵ·֮ϣַһ֣߳һߵǰɨţ콣óĽâͬǽһ㣬񱩵Ĺһ·ϣδһ֮֮۰׹ǻҡ
Խ벻ڴĵˣҲԽԽǿֻҪûǻǿκַ˵ȴֻͬ۵
Ƭַ̺ɱɽȣʱӦԼϵʶʧȥϵַʱһĲͣƬ̣һɽȰء
һɽͷʱͣʱҲ
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ɽϱЩɫֲĲľǰӽϡٵͺͺĴݲԵЩ
ЩɽϵشСʯͷֳɫһЩɽͷϣԼԿһЩССѷ죬쳣ȿ˵ȷͻҰɫķɻҡ
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494 ػعʵ
ַʱϲΪǵ֪ˣ֪·߲δߴ뵽Ӧúܼܿɶûжʲôжȥ
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˴֮㣬۵ȴһռشҽ콬ݲͣ١žžıѿһ߽ᱻ˸ɵĿ¸о
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ʱַ΢΢ЩżˣȥǷ˭˵ַ񡢲ɷ𣬵鼱֮£ף찡죬뱣Ҽɶ
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Ҳ˼ȻȻҲתȥȻǼСңСңǼϴķ䣬дΣȫĹַǰͬ
齣ǰĺ洲һֲʯţֻзżǰǴǰڹĹʱɶΪԼƵģ
ԽУӯʱҲͲסĹ


495 
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ָǶÿֵıʻ֮УȻôෲɶ㵹ǿҰճյʯڵ岻֪˶õĴ
Ⱥչ⾰ÿѩƮ䣬ַбһΪɶԾѰȴ˵Ӱ٣
ֹգַҲܲסˣ͵һԾ𣬱ʯ֮⣬ɶµġ֣еɶһˣһˣҰɶɶ
һХ֮ͬʨ޺𣬶⼸仰ԷθֻɽȽȺɽӦɽ嶼һˣһˣɶɶҡҡ
Լңϣɶʱȴң룺ɶڴĹжȹ£˿Ϊʲôֶ㲻Լѵôźգƣʱ顣
ͻȻͷХֻϿպת˵ȥģɶ֪ЩжôôһĹأ߱ɽǲ£Ϊ㣬һį
ģǰƺóɶƮƮӰӣƺɶлɣɣģģˣˣ
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˰ΣͻȻ˵ɶҪ㣬ͳ˵˵ĿбʯãĻС
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˯УַӷᣬƮƮҡҡطðβŽĿȥһǹǺڰĵطڰǳʣȴǱһŻҰ֣ģ壬֮ƹʵҲ粻塣
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ɶ𣿡ַϲôΪڲųңʱҲͲסĹ


496 ˷
һִֻӰ˳ḧͷʵɣô²ʹˣͷģʹǰĹɶοһ㡣
ַػعֻ֮ǰ˰ӰޱȣǰӯӯվһŮӣѩȻòЩ˼ҹ롢ǣӵɶ
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ɶɫ΢䣬ͬʱҲǷһ⣬絶ǽлַ֮иƬϣʱ䣬˷ǡ֡֡֡Ķ֮ὥϸ磬ƮȻɢȥ
ַ־̧ȥʱɶ֪ʱٱɽӨӨ˫ĿһԼԼȫ¶һ׹⡣
һƮЦ˷Ʈ˹ţƮٴСɶղĺܲŶ㾹Ȼܻҵ
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Ѫܲ׺ݣߵó棬޳⺷ƺַȴһЦĵСӣҽᵽǸַȥҲôôţֻҪϽϲģСֻ֧ܵ֡
Ѫʣ㾹ȻҲˣããõĺܣʱǵƮٴȻʹߣһĿǰռѧɣ
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ʱַֻǿྰ±¹˪ӣȻȥַ紦Уղίʵܣƽޡ
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ģռƣ鷳Ѫʺݺݵһ䣬ͻȻַһһѪ⣬Ѫȥз׷Ѫ֮ꡣ
ѪʵɫҲ࣡
ַȻĿʱȴмƲƲ죬ĵĵģǻȻ볹ƻξӽѪҷϣô
ˣϽˣϲģһʱҲƲҵѪ磬ҲӦ̸̸ˣѪааһЦַȴһֲòϣЦĺ˧ܿᣬ˵΢Ц֪Ҫٴϱ
뵽ַȻһ㶣һҪԼ̸ʲôӦҲʲôðɣ
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497 ɶ
ַüͷѪһţƾȥϽ㣬ٸʵ꣬ôһ˿ܣϽʱǾ仰ôǲȥ֮ǰʵ㿴˰ɣ˵Ǳˣһͽͽһ磬ͿϳǧˣֻܻöѣѪʣ
ѪʵĻַɾϲĽɲԽһȥʱ
ѪʺѾַ˼ĵҴȥȲ˵նɽ磬ſʹõľңҽȥǴǸ磬ҲʱҲΥʱշ򣬼ͷ鷳ɣΥ£ҿɲ
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ƣѪʵĻ˵꣬Ѫ㴫һľ޴ѪҧгݵĺһۣĵƲƲǼһʵˣţҪǼǵģ
䡭䡭䡭ѪʵĻտʼռб˺ıըѪŭĻͷһ䣬ַصգգ۾ҪˣģһػϽˣԣ֮лһ磬Һ˵ЩѪʱŶ
ѪʵĻѪԽԽŨˣģַѾ쿴ѪʵӰˣ߹ȥһ̣Ȼķ֣ö߶һ
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ַۿˮӯģһƬϡиӰǻǼǰɶڴѰ٣ȴʧģѰԼ
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ַƵĶʶתȻ𣬸ϴʥгȡ֮λλʥмƣֻʥеЩʿࡣ
һ㣬ϾȻϢҲһѵҲǴʥгġ
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ַӵһˣ֪ΪΣоϸʶһ̽ʱ䣬ȻαǿߣǸ֮ϵʿǿߡ
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ʿ信ʣʵѲᣬ۽ǲβϸƣڳϣȴ˫ŵأΨгƮƮ泵ڵ⣬⣬ⳤÿΰڶ˿˿ɱ⡣
ַһķ࣬ǿ緢ˣַԼɰͰ͵ģæԼҲʵڹġ
ɶʿˣȴɫһЦսĹصһ죬Ҿͷˣʿ۾һУ¶һѩ׵ݡ


498 ޲
֪ǷЩַöԷݹڼһЩǰ׵ģѩ׵ȴľѪ⡣
ȻˣΪûЩַ֣ǿһЦһ䣬ĸֱ³룬ϣҪԼ²Ȼɾ鷳ˣ
ҵЩ㣬ûȷʵǰҿɲݾߣʿ¶Цݵ˵
ȷݣĪרڴ˵ҵģ仰ַɫЩף뻽콣սʱǸҪٻֲ˿˿亹һ½ӲеָоôҲðȻ֡
㵽һ¾Уʿգգ۾Ļص
Է̹Ȼϣַȴǳһ£пЦӵϣԼЩ´˲źãŴ󼪣
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뵽ַҲٶˣҲʲôƣԾԵʵκıƣ˿ˮݣһ
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˲Ĺ򣬸ҵͷз׷׵ӿַ֮ϣһ˿ѪɫʱԽԽ֪תЦλα࣬Сǣ
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һУеԹԹܷҳ֣˫ȣ֡
ַͷһسЦãããһ˵á֣ųӱ֤Ǵʱ˿Ƕӵ󣬶ΪӰߣţǾԣ
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һע˱֮Һ壬һ㴼Ũ˲ʯָһƽ֮Ļеַǰ
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һ˻ַһͷ˿еҺ壬һȻҺȻ㴼ޱȣɲΪʲô鵤ҩŪãܻĳ־綾֮
ڲ֪ԷǺ֮ǰ´ҺЩͷתַ¶˳֮ɫ
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˵ЩʿתͷһֱվߣͷҵİˣڵʮϢʱ䣬ûкҺͽ
ŵͷҵİַ̤һֻһ֮⣬һѹɣʱߣת۱ɱ֮ƣһӰΪһ⣬Ũٿ˿С
һĻַɫ԰һ£˳ǰ񱭣ӲͷƤ˵ɱңҲŪףⱭҺ󣬻ʲôԸȥ


499 
Է´ҺԽԴĴʲô⣬ַҲĴ
ַ˾ǿʿƺһе⣬ɫ漴ɢɭ֮
ַ⡱һ£ڻ˲ƶĶŶԷ
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ʵ棬㵱ȥˡһºʿͳ˵ֱҺʲô綾֮һҺڵһ´Һˣܴܴ̼ԪͻΪϵƿȻҺֹ⣬ЩĹЧЩЧģ˵˵ִⲻȴҺԼҲӦúˣ
ַЩɫ飬֪ҺԼµĶҺʱҲ˿һ󣬲ŸɰͰ͵ûѡˣ
ٺ٣֪ͺãʿЦһҲ̹Ȼĸ֮
ַȻѾµ⻰Ƥǳ鴤һ£ֻ˼һСַ粻ɫһգһ˵ãҺȣ
Ȼʶ࣬ҲʡȥһĽţʿԣ϶ʱ¶֮ɫ
ģʽˣеѡСү׷ôַаһ䣬ֻһָһ
еҺԶΪһˮߣɽĿУַζûƷζһ£ЩҺ;ֱĵ˸С
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ַԣҪѯŭƤȴһᣬڵأʧ֪
Ժ䣬Ǽ䴫ҩһУ
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֮ʣһƣϾȻмصϡ
ַ־ŭ֪Ƿ˺£ʿʹֶΣͲ֪Ƿ˴ĶԼõЩʲô
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쳾¼ַһűԻˣаεõ쳾¼ģ粻Լһԭô
ʱȴϳһ㬵ٸʲôʥģҲѹң£Ҳֳ˵߰ģ˭ҲƲףͬգСӾ棬һʱ֪
һЦһСӻͷúܣʥãȴû³һڡ쳾¼ۣ˵ˣȹصģĥĥӣȻ׷쳾¼
ϳĬΣɵСǵĹضδˣҲϼӵܣҲͬһѪǷЩ
˵޴㻹ϡһɭȻˣ㵱δģȲ˵ǰ׷ɱƮ½˶ٿͷ֮¡ֻ˵˵㽫ȵթĹȻַӵΪ֮꣬СǵĹˣһɾ鷳ˣԺҪС˵ٺ١
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ҺͿˣϺǺһЦ˵ֲһС;е죬ԭǵδǸС֣СҲ֪ʲôʺˣĹδȻ˷ʣѹʥصҲ鱦
ַίʵͲסغȵϲģ㻹ҽС֣һң
䣬֨һʯƿһߣǰվʿߣŲײ˽
Цеģ˫ϸ죬˸â
ȴǱׯϣһɼ֮ƣַôôţ治Ϊһ鱦
ַһǷģŭɶһڣֻ޴ʱȫ¶˽ƣþסˣܼԶȻҪϼһĲú
ַֻǰ΢΢һЦ̾ǰ֤ˣֶҲϷ˼ֻԹ˵쳾¼еؾϷ򵣱㡣
ַһȻ˵Ҹ֪ʲô쳾¼Ĺ֪Ҳӱү֪֡


500 Ǳ
ϺҡҡͷЦֶϷ֤ôҿʲôδ䣬ѶһƾɵƤŸɫͬҲͬĻֽ
˿ǻĿӵߣӴСӹЩһһ𿪣һʣһַֽƤֽƤϵ־䶼
ÿֽ־䶼ֻжѣ˭Ҳ֪дʲôֻ˾ɫأκδ⡣
յʱ⣬߷Գ̾һѪ֮ѰĹҲֻЩʥ涼ˣԸһסڲü΢΢Щǡ
ϳչһЦַָջѲ٣ټʥ´ּô
ЩЩڡ쳾¼ֻƬַĿ࣬Щָ뱾ǰȫپôĹôǻµĹ±
ϳעԾüƣ¶Ц⣬Եֶ˼ұͬڣ͵裬ôЮ䣬Υס
ַһۣʹüƣҽַһˣ
ЦЦȻִֶֻܹ̫ʥһ۾Ϳˣ֪ǳ㣬㶨¶ͨؾʥҲǲѶΪֶ֮ģˡ쳾¼ǰĶεؾֻҪֶ˵漸ؾϷ򵣱˺㣡
ַؿڵ˵ء
̾˿һֵ˵ãֶסʯңʮ겻˵סʮ꣬һ겻˵סһˡ˵һۣǴŲײ˫˫˳ʯš
ַŭһҪǰ֫ǰá
ŷ֫Ŵִζʯϣ˵˽ƣѲܵãʵҲ
ʥеַʵΪҲĥ͸ߣ˽ƺ󣬹ʶ⾫һַΨſڴ
оСѧ˳ˣǧУûһظģݡν˵ãЩŵĴϵŹ֡
ֻʯǽѱסַҲģĺܡ
˰죬ַҲ֪ԼƺҲûõˣתŪȥ·ϲž˽ƣʯҲιޱȣǹǿߵ
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ͻȻ䣬پˣǵ䣬һ־棬ſ۾Ƽ׮£ֻʯҵʯϣһ󶴣ɹˮӶ˳ûоˮ
һԭǱʯڣ˿̾Ҳȵ֡
ַô£ѵЩϼһﻹҪҲɡǸΧһȦʯڣ涼̵ֻнŵ»ֻȡ
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ַۣᡣ
ȴԹЦֶɱϷ׽㣬ַŷˮʥ˼˼˵̫ˣҪЩˮϴϴڣϷȻѪ֮飬ΪԸȴΪΥʥ棬ʴ˵ֶ֮½⡣
ַ俴Ŵۣ֪ƭȡøУ֮⣬ڡ쳾¼ģЦ
ϼ飬֪ıڣдʧȴ¶ĵշٺһЦһӣ֣֮ȥˣ
ˣַſЦģû뵽һʣ˺ͻˮ֪ͲˣⲻԼԼô˵˵ţŴˣҲû˼ˡ
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ֻˮȵģ滹ܣַȻ벻ӣ·૵ôˮϴڣ˷ˣЩ쵰ǰܼӣСүϴ˵
ˮȻʹʹϴ˸裬ײĲƢͶ·ʱ˭ҲҪż
ѵͶ·ʱˡ


501 
ˮѽǿҪйˣַˮûл壬ͨ죬Һͨ˻Ǳ֮ͨǿôһ㡣
ٴʱǣס£֪˶࣬ˮҲ֪ʲôˮȻûһ¶ȵ㣬ʱˮе¶ͳ˰£ֻ´ʱѲǧˡ
ʱַͭƤǣҲЩסˣʱǱ׽ȹһ㣬̵ڹұ
ֻǲҪԼӦֹͣˮˣЩϼһҲַ˿̵˼ûֹˮԽԽ࣬ˮѲûˡ
ַ㣬Ȼѻˣͷûת꣬Ѿȥһᣬཹཡ˺üˮ
ַЦôһһ˶ܣǿɴ롭
ͻʯˡô
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ͷδת꣬ʯŹȻˣˮƺӾ̣һӿ˳ȥַΪţˮοӿҲʯҡ
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ˣַ΢΢һűһȻ˫ۡ
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Ůüһ죬ӣȪ΢ʣʱϢ
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¶Ȼ֮ɫһߵѽ˵Ͳ˵վߵַ󣬷»еСޣЦ˼㣬ȴû뵽ӹôˮʪ͸ˣģû·źá
ַпһ£СװɵպðΣֳԭˡ˵ãҪֹȴȷ˺ݻٺ


502 ͻ
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ַֻһŭֱܣѿڽе˵˵֪߳ܣ⻹ϲʹļƣΪү˳׷ɱӣӶأòҡ
ѽЦ˵ˣ
ַһ㶣ͷޣֻ̫£ձ׬ˡҲǣĪ޵ġá֮£˭ҲܲˣַûѪԵϵԴ£Ҳպޱȡ
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ˣҲŭԳЦ죬ŪʲôϷַֻûɽһᣬͻȻԽ
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ַˣҲǣҲǣӣЩ٣ַҲĪ⣬֪⻰岻ڶУá
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ʹթһԣϲˡַŭѵɵŭĿӡ
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Цݣ£̾磬⻰˵ܼˣĲӣҪӣһˡ
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һУƣȭֱֱͳֻȭ죬ȥ⣬ȭཻɫұ䣬ˣԳԵѾͷ㣬㡭δ䣬ɵǽڣ糴žž졣


503 
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󲮣Ҳģ˭Ҫˣԭɡһбִ٣ַոշӦӴϽԿףַϣڱϣʯҡ
˼ѾͷǰԴƴӣôˣǰǴѾͷˡ
ַ£ȴ²ͣ
˿һƬַҲ̲סСѾͷƬӣ¸磬㻹뱳ұʱ
粻Ҫﻹవһʾַ
ַĿĹˣβڳ֪ʼÿӴкӰ֪Է飬㷣ٲԡ
ڷ۴ͣ٣ϼĵʮϤһʱԽǽϼ壬ԼĪʮһ£ŷַ
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ַһ㶣ʵ㻹ô
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ߣʲô㲻ɱԼȴİַЦѣһٶҲǾϲʤжǳҪŻ顣
¶˸ңǲܻˣԺô죿ҪŸңҲˡ
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ꡢ꣬ɫأһԲľ󣬷ХؼɱȻߣھȥϼ壡
ٹһ߳һӰһͷ԰׵ӣߵǰ
΢΢Ͳżô
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䵭ˣҲܷŴ粻ܣѾҹһǿϼ壬ֵܿɲ̰֮
ӼǶ¶ģҲȰ˵ʲô׵һֵܣ治֪ĸȻҪȥв⣬δ֮ġ


504 ֵ
ŷڴģΪ֤в⣬ֵܣϼգԱ߿ֱȴλҲϼһμˡ
Ҳ֪Щ˶ַĸ̫̫ңŻˣϼյĻȻһ£Ŀȴݺᡣ
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ڤһ˻ǹϵĴ磬ΪҪȥΪƴ
˿Ʈתӣһһֵ˵ڤ˵ĻʯδˣһٿһǷɼһ߼ĺʯΪƬ
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ߣڤĮĿߵ
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ѾˣΪβֹǣʱһŮҲ֮ϣŶĽ꣬ɻ
ٺ٣Ժдãֻô˻ᣬǵģַȻһЦƮҡ
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507 Ӱ
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509 Ƶ
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ǻ쵰ϷӦ㣡һ˿̾Ȼڼ֮ǰˣֻǲף㾹ȻˣΪβˣٻѰ׵Ķࣿ


510 ׷ɱϹ
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ַЦʲôʥˡѪ䲻ʱȥ˴æץסңҲ˶ٵؿܡǻ쵰񶾣һղһղǧѷ꣬ݼţҵÿȥɱҲñϵĶȻҾʹˮ
ô˻ɻ󷽲Ž⿪ԭַ֪Ҳ϶˶Ȼϲ֮֡
뵽΢ȻһЦȻڵػǾļһкһ
ͻȻͬʱһʱЩСƿնգ֮͵Щ˵ǰ
ȻЩ˾ֵĿУΧôһƣܶδǾͷ׷Ե˵ϣ˲ͬʱɱˡ
ȻʵǿһϮɱȴǺȻ֪϶˵ġ
лЩˣϵˣһƲ䣬³һϸϸ䵭ȫɱˣһӳڶʱѪ趯
סʹСӱ⣬ɱϼˣҲԶˡ
ϲĻ࣬¾ֵ㣡Цһһ˹ϵˣһʱ䣬вҽУ𡭡
ַβںԼĪ׷˶ʮͻȻͣϢǰ˰ʮǰɽɭ䣬ľַ࣬ˣԻԾң̧ͷȥǰľ˼̤
ַЦߣΪڿߣСү׷ôԾһ٣˸䣬·˳תڣת˼䣬֪ΣȻת˼֮⡣
󲻽⣬һ·תԺȻת⣿²ϸ룬˫㴦Ծȥֻǵ¼һĺˣ廨ţһСģ͡һ죬ϵ½Ǹ˺һ顣
ôһçײ֪˴ЩˣҪţͻһӰվڼ֮ڣ̧ͷһۣһûֲˡ


511 
ǹʥѵ㵽Լ׷˸󷨣뵽ܣַʱʧɫһᣬ侲еֻǲ㴴ͺεСүۼûӦ𣬸ӿ϶е뷨
һ֮ɲͨԾ汼ȥ߰˿ôԲɣǿɼԾܣʵңǰʵ󣬼תּȦ֮⡣
ַ͵ʡȻǽټɵ󷨣Ҳܳȥ·ΧƺͻȻ˹ﾹȻһȻŹ󣬹ֲãʥὫԼˡ
ȻҲʹŲ֮΢һһֻչǲһתһΣȻڵĳȦһչӣܳɡ
ʱѲʥӰַǰѰһɽ֪ʥ涨ȻͶҲðȻȥһƣмƽϡ
ЦһЩݿҶڶ̳һѣе棬Ϸ˹ƶСҸӵ𣡡һ꣬ʰЩ֦ݲݶڶڣȼʱϷһŨʱӿ롣
Ҫټӻƣһڻ⽦һɾ޷ڿѹ
ַȴ⧲Ǿ޷һˣײͭǽڣؿɽ֮ϣֻอڣͷۻǿվȴʱڻѾ
ַּסƿڴ
УӰէ֣ƶֻһ㵽±֮ϡ
ַʥо綾˽ýݣһʱò㵣һʱҲϸ룬ϣ콣Ȼ죬ʥ档
֮ӣȻҶԼ֣ʥ±ڣʯҷɣ֮ϣʹòŭһ߹ޱȵĴڣʱִܵ
ҸĻԼҵպޱȣ
ת䣬ַȻϵ
ʥΣͳһַҴ⣬ù
ʥһе֣㲢ãʷɶȥ
ַҪ׷ϣʥ֮ľ׷Ϯַӽϵð٣ЩټͳգۻΪ٣˵סٲ󣬽һһ˳ſ
ַƽһǿ߽֣ͨгԾǻľô٣̧һƣֻʥ磬Ʈҡֱϣֻһݣѵûʡ
ַһζӶݣ֪δ⣬ĸֻҪһȥԼ¾͵֮أ񣬵һֻݣŲԾʡ
ۼ鱼ǰδԶȻ콣¶ɹâһ
ʥãƻóһֵһȴһΣ漴¡
ַȴǸеϮһʱȻֵסаһæ
֮һӰð˳һ԰ټƵӰַΧÿӰ̽һâַ
Щâ壬ַֻһ׶壬ֱ͸ǻַ꣬콣ȴֹͣһͨ콣âδȫȻ⣬Ӱƣ鱾һӣѪϳ壬һǵͨ졣
ַԳл쾳ͨȴǴۿۣ־ϲҪʤ׷ϻûסطһɺȻȫһ֮⣬;ȻͲȥ
ַһ㶣ȥҲͷ󺹣Ŀ⾼Լ
ַ֣ٲϣ˫Ŀһ˲˲ȴˣַһҪУһȻܷ
ʱ䣬ַͷһͷ񶾣Ϊӡ֤룬ٶӦˣַһǰ;ϡ
ַԵʣĵδ֣񶾾ᷢѵ˵ѲٶùңֻƴŴھѪڵң
òѪǺε춾¼ۺһᵽ٣޴ߣһ޴֮ʥֵַͨܿһ̣Щ⣬٣ʹδˣ壬ѵ
鲻ѣֳͨ涾⣬ʱַ֣һֻͨɽ֮ӵˣԴͨԸһƾǿߣǴ´ࡣ
Ļַ֪ȫȻԳ֮


512 ʽ
ַȴǻƾеĹ̥һԶͬߣ죬ȥ磬ȫ谭֮£ΨʹУǿַڵġ񶾡
񶾡бͺǴڻһƾܹͬΪӦ˿ͻȻȻŵַԾۼɱС
һʱ䣬ڶж֣мɵңţ˭Ҳκβ˭ַżȴû㷨ӵ񶾣ʱһȥַ̲סʱһã군ˡ
ɾʱͻһ˹ַϲ֣˭֪һ⣬Σ׼֣һϻ쵰ȥɣ˵У᳤չֱͫ顣
״ɫ΢䣬תƵһô֮ϣǰһѣһ֦Ȼѿһ֦ˢһ²ס
һӽն϶֦ȥֶַһ𣬴˷һһʱ޷۾ǣַ񶾡
ΩƾһЩַͨļ
˽磬սգʱһԣֻе۹ۿķݶһָͷҲȥ
˼غϣַе콣һʮɵľ޽ƾճڿУַóƣһץס
쵰ô׻鶸ַ콣ڱɫһгһ̧֣һ䡯һӱһ֮߸𣬵ϷһУʧ
ַԾһԼܷУԿɽϣڿմּ̬֮ѵǿô£ٶ룬ϡ
ʱ౼˵˵ղ齻֣Ҳַһ㣬ȫһͬ˿ճô˲˲
ַ¶ɫ̾˵ǿ߶Եʱɽ֣֮ǰ˵ЦϾġ
ôһ񲻳˲֮
ַҧҧģҲɭУ׷ʱַһףת󾢷ѹ
ַ콣һӣƽ鷢һ콣ֱַꡣ
ּ̲סһӣ⣬Ѫڣƽȴһȭ֮ûУһһٿ
磬ôˣۼַڵϣҧƣһѪӿڽ¡
ʧ֮ȴǾ֮͸һɭ֮
ַ֪ģһĹȻǿҼֵסͷָͨȴܾˣ˵²ֶΣһζ͵ϮöԸôһڲ֮أ͵޷ֱ𡣡
˵ס½ǣߡ
⣬ַȴֻǷɱʮַɫһ䣬ӱ仺Ŀ͸ɫֵô
ַһۣ׷ˡԾš
ַ㿴ģܸоԽڵ񶾾Խͷ
ɫףͬ󣬴С񶾡ͷھңӦӵҵǿǺá
ַ̾˵ԶˣӦܹѡ˵նԿЦŻ׷ɱ飬ת۹򣬾ѵ˸
ַʱ澹ȻѸ׷ѽ⣬һ׷ϣ֮ʱ˵ַֹɫɷףҡͷӲˣĺÿ졣
ҹɫʣԣطɢһӰȣ͸ããҹɫȻ°鷢棬Ŀַһû
ַ߻ᣬֻӲͷƤվԭһԲ
ʱͨѸʤȯգҲĳ֣ĿַЦЦڼңкθ룿
ַЦҵһͷǽŵĨͣݶԶܶԶһԶӵĺǣҲѰš
ŭЦСӣƼ㣬һķǣûڵ˵˾ʵڻ
ַŭҲЦСˣԴӼ棬˵˵ĻֳģǸ·ϣƭ㡣
·ϣЦã˵ĺãΪ棬֪ô׷ű治ţġ·ô
ַЦǾ͸ˣ֮׷㣬ʵǳһƬТģΪⶾ˭֪˼Ҳ֪⣬ӲҪСӶ֣СҲֻˣܵ档


513 Ӱ֮
ɫһôЩɱˣҲǼˣ
ַ֪˵ʲôϻҲһתԲߡ
Ӱ㾹ȻˣΪĪɣôɢԶԶͳ񷣬ֱ绢Хһ㡣
ַúȻԼҲ¾ɽȣֱգȴǺˣǿ߹Ȼ¡
䣬һֲֻ꺶µģ˻֣һ󲨶һӰСƾոڿУӰͻȻʵó˵Ӱ
㣡ɤĮȴ΢΢·Ϊ־壬Ӱ㣬һֱң
ַҲ̧ͷȥȴӰʱѻΪһŮɣѩ̷ò쳣
ַɻĿʶ
˵㣬ҡҡͷŵҪɱеˣɵҪɱϼļʱȴͻȻˣֻǰڰ䣬ҾĪĴ׷˳ֵûңһʱԣҲٽɱˣˣ
ԭַ˵ͷȻû´ǸμػߣְֻǱμİȫӼҲΪˡɱˣû㣬Ҳûʲôֵģ
Ůһ鲻ٿַǣ˫Ůӣҧ㣬㵱ҪҪֲź
ַͷȥ̷Ůӻɴ䣬ʳͣü󣬵һۣǳڣȻһεļ֮λʧְһΣ˴ξٷɴ
⻰¶׹⣬Ҫº֣˭֪һٿغ鲻¶һ˿Ц̾Ӱֺο࣬Ϊһӵܣô
黽ӰŮ䵭ҿɲͣμ֮ӣϴǴۼ֮λǶԲĸףαҲܿ࣬ұ㲻
һתۣЦӰ֪οʥʥҲʼԽҵ񣬶ҪСӻȥģҲû취
ǰӰŮӲֵ֨ӰΪʲôҪΪѣǰʥУΪͣ˵˵Сʲôʱֶ׹СʱҵõʲôöǷһ룬ȴĺݣǶңҸ˵Ҳҡ
Ӱūūз֣㲻öôãһūţܲģֻ㲻Ҫ˺ˣʡҵ򣡡
Ц㲻˺׷ɱҵʱôͲңѵٶĽ飬һô
ӰǼػߣ£μϵҵ
㡭ƽ鳤̾һ㵱ҪץˣʥͣҪǹҿ¶𰡣Ҫô˵ң
ӰĬãԼ£Լ֪ôϴδۼ֮λҲ˵ǷʼôΣ㣡
ɫְףͻȻϴδλǶһϵĴ£ʲôϵػַץַһӾ磬Ѫӿͷˡ
ǰһؿڷѱסؿڣ˫أὫʵָȣ˿һסַǰַ׷ʱǱ֮״ԾŭƿСӣ㲻ϵĺ
ɾʱݣһһкƿնֱš
Ӱ㡭һδǿСһշ飬Ƭ⣬׹ڵء
ַ˿ᵽУתȥȴӰʱȻǰ˫ע飬ѩҵУ
ӰҪҷСӣһڵġ顮ߡһɿַһۣЦãҾͷҾͲţܵȥȡʥҾͲţץ
˵չһЦ̽סַַֻһ澢׶ڣֱ͸ʱϻȫ⣬ȻҲһ˿һַֺһۣԶԶ
䶢һۣһӣ綸ǧҶһģǧಡ絶ӽЩҶ
ǰһԣȻ̧ͷ鲻֪ʱѵͷһٱѹһһһƴ֮ϡ


514 Ų
ҽһҷǣײʮôȥƲԻ˵ϣȫޡ
Сɱôϼˣû˵Ƴַһۣ̾һףƿն𣬴ƮƮԦУããҹɫ
ַͻȻ絶Ҫȥȴлں޽ţɵ治ӦӦԼȥɱϼЩˣ
ַ𶶼䣬΢գ۽⣬ɲǼ䣬˫ĿǿеŮӵ㣬㣬ȾҵֵܣȾҵֵܣ
Ӱ俴һ۵ɱϼôˣ鲻ɱҲŹôȥԼҲԾȶร̶ֻˣһ꣬ӺȻΪ㣬Ų
ϣȥַһ𣬳̾һ૵ҪһҪǻûôһ˵ţһ֮ȥɵģʱͷһһͷ亹
ȥ԰ף˫ĿԲ˲Ҳ˲ַһʮ޷Ӧַи
ܵȥϸһƣַ΢΢˿Ϊһ޻Ŀܣʱһ֪̽ǾݽߣʧѪ࣬ѡ
֮ʱַ˰ѪҺѪҺҺŰ׹⣬湦Ч֮ɱһܻѪҺ潨٣
ʱ״̬Ҳַ˫üɫһۣŲͣɽзɱȥҲ֪˶ã˿̻ܵãֻҲ֧һ¶·ǧ
˼ںڰѰ˸ѨֻԼڸʹָо֪þûˣϵҲ䣬ڲһʹһֱĵס
ֽ֪ţȻϲˣ
ȥΪ׵ķŹԼȵ´ʱ¾ѵʱˣϢһᣬȷӣ˺һ½ǣΪѪˮ
ֻǰ󼸵˺ۣѿɼѪİ׹ǡ
ַһۡڵϣ֪صƣʩȣʮ
ʱ˵أǵûҩϴ˿ڵˮûУָܻʵֻܵһ˿Ҳãһܴȡҩֻۼض
ҧһҧ±ǰȥ
Ĳݣɽ
ַѲ֧ȴʢ־ҲᶨֻԼ޲ߣ֪кβ裿Уͻһˮд
ˮϸᣬַһ㣬¾һѭˮȥ
ֻˮԽԽɾɲ֮䣬ַȻãȥϵ亹תߣͻȻ䣬ɽԺȻһЦȥôҵȺʱˣ
ַвãȥֻһ¶һ˺ĳǹƴ
ȻƾΪɺ޴ʱӲȥ֪󼺻߳һ󺺣ߣ
ַ˫Ŀһգתǰг˹ȥ
ֻӭһЦٺ٣Ҳ߲˵ģ԰գֻӰһ
Ծһװ󺺣ֳֳЦ
˵ΪǾ磬Ҫƽʱַָ𣬵ʱַҲֻεİ̾һˣ
ǰңѱΧסһֳֳﶼųǹ
ַʵʱĸǿߣﻹϣ˿˺ۣﻹԵǸͨ׳Ҳһȭοĸǿߡ
׾ʹӦǰӰŮӵҪˣﲼ˷ԼҲӲƣŹ󷽣Լ
ɲ֮䣬ңĶʧû뵽ԼȻҪ
ΪȫֻлΪȥˣŲͦţȻ
ֻĸǿһ˹ǰмַַ֣Ͼ㶼һƬ֮ɫ
ַһۣͻȻЦʲôֻܷŴŲǣô˵ҲЩūŵүһȫǵģ֣


515 һһ
ǳֵ⻰ɫ΢䣬ӲҴ⣬ЦСӣͷҪף
ʲôζү볢һˣֻʮ֮ʣûүɣֻܷŵүҿɻһüͷ
ֵЦһһֵܣĪҪҪġ
ֵ֮ףӦһ󲽱ȻҴ⣬ǽŽ䱸֮ɫ
ַȻ׿Цݣȴ绹жµȥʵǲģȵѡ֮;ʱȴֻкЦˡ
ǳֵֽյȴѲֳ˼Ѱ֮ɫ
ֱǿ߾ߵַ࣬ͻȻ߳һţһܶ
ǿ߲һʶĻͷȴǴӣ¶һ˿δǷӦһţһĿĻâ˲Χһǿߵͷ­һƣͷ­й
󺺵һһƬгһλǿߵľϣһ½俳ڵأгȴһѪ֮δմȾ
۾ǸǿߵҪңֻǵ̫á˵գ̾˿߳һһǿߡ
Ǹǿܹʧôδˣֵƥһ㣬ȻͬǻǿߣȴӲǽһǿѹĽڽںˡ
ǻǿĵɥһת󱼳䣬ͻΪһڹ⡣
ֵɫһɱҲ׷ϣͻȻȫгȥ磬һ㡰ۡĲǻǿߵıȥδߣֱһϣҺδ
ַо潻㶵ǳֵ󺺣㡭Ϊʲô
ֵ˻سеâһɢڣЦϲˣáͻȻתӣ˰ΣԻЦơ
ַ벻ƣȴ̲סǺ֮ģ̧һһǷͬСɡͭж˿̾ѱ˸ͷ𷢵ꡣ
¹£ֻݰףüĿһͷɫͷɫӭƮǹ޵Ц⣬ַĿɿڴ㡭꾹ȻǴַһͬɱ˹ʡ
ǵһ񲻻ˮǴǱˮַΪѼӣһˮ˺üڣһҪˮ棬ǴַƷļƻҺַסˡ
Ǻ죬˹նɱģϴһ𣬾꣬û뵽˹⻹ϳԼû뵽ϳԼַֻ紦λá
˹Цϴһ꣬Ҵ˿ģû䣬㵹ǱŶûϳˡ
ַ˰ΣعôϼĻ
˹ʰ˰֣΢Ц⻰˵̫Ҵʱ˿̣˵֮һͬ˵
áСַվδˣɫһ䣬ͻȻ˵ȥ
˹ɫ䣬ȥַļ򣺡㣡ˣô
ַȴҡҡͷȻЦ˹֣콫һеֵܱȥɣҡ
Ҫ
Ҳܺһߣǵġ
ΪβܣϴξҵƴҲҪ
ֻ˵ѣߣϻ쵰񶾣ӵƾ˶ҵңֻǷֿǲ֮
˹ʶ˵ʲôǲߣ˹ĳҲֻһˣ
ַ˹֣ԹѪжܶҪʲˣһеλֵܣΪҸ̫࣬дһͬĳ޲磬˹֣һ͵ھң߰ɣȻֻˣ
˹һ𣬴ڵء
ַ̾ѽֵи㣬㻹ߣֻҪܾһַھȪ֮Ҳضм
˹кᣬңܶ
ַߣͬңԺҵĳ𣬾ֻΪұҵҲֻܰȥɣٲҡҾǰ
⻰˹ҧҧ벻ϾĽѪˡã㣡ʼʱȻأʣ޷Ȼȥӣȥ
ַ˹ʵӰҹмʧǲһ΢Ц૵ˣҪסҵĳŵԶƮһ޺֮ʹָ䣬


516 ԩ·խ
ַϥڵϣϵѪˮˮּĳ磬ϥĲʬףȴȫľˡ
ֿʼ߳ŭ
ַ֪ɭвֹ˹һѰ֮ˣĴϼػǵ׷ģһƬ̹ȻͦţעĿǰ
Ƭʱ䣬ڴ˿ҲüΪ
ֻһ΢ĽŲһ΢ղҽ֮Īѻָʵ˳ǻ˵ģ
һ˵ޣʥµĽƣôƵģԼԼϽץˣǴһ
ǰ̾ҿСĵĺãҪˣĹҲûȥˡ
ŵɽУ΢Ҳʮ
ַͷһݣףףַ㲻ӱΣ㲻ֻҪһ㶼ܶȥЩѵľôҲһ˹
뵽ǰľ˿޾֮·ֻҪܹѣƱػϼ壬һѩǰܡ뵽һʬϵԼϵ·ʬԻһ
ɲ֮䣬ֻǴŲԶв˳߸˹ַλ׼һٵķ򼱱˹ȥ
ձһƬïܵӣ֦ҶвӣǴ֮Գһʱײ
ӶӰǻǿߡ
һĿӳôȴͻȻûӰӣ
һͣ½ŲЦ˾ʥסΪҲֿſ죬൱꣬СӻǷ֮ʱܶӳ壬͸Խֻ¸ѶԸˡ
ŭҾͲţôˣˡδˣͻһǿʹ˸ɫμǰСҲʱӾͳɣţ춯֮һǵǱ߿һĺá
ɫ΢Ҳ̸ĿڣֻС浽Ǳȥˡ
һתӣͷȥ
ϵַ˿Ϊ˲λˣȻӵһء
˿֮Уֻð£רѰѼ֮ȥѣΪԣ˾ҸԴٲɣת˴
Σյƣֻ˱˼еġǡ˱Ѽ֮¡
һ·ɱϹȻ裬£ͷԾȻ侲жϣôöǰЩ
ַŴɭ֣·±ЪϢ˰κֻͷޣһµ㳵·ϻ˹
ϳģȴһʮ塢Ůһ˿ޣθ裬ʮС
ַһϲضǴլ޻ĹСɽˮģ˵ãֻнһԼˡ̷ȫԾϵ·ס˳ϳŮһջ۵ô
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518 ޿
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520 Ŀ
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ǿ߰ɣȥ۷ŶԶȥǣİΣһչӣȥ
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521 Ѱҽ֮·
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ʱ󣬳ӻߵǰСҪȥ
СڵӲ԰գٴμ



522 ĺ
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ħѿǣвֻ֪֮΢΢һ콣ɢϢͲಫ鼱֮£˱۾ӭַâ
С䣡䣡䣡ֻһʮɵĺӰˣ˿ħϰ˱ϣƤҲˮֵķ֮˿ȴҲǴѪСףðѪ
Сַֻ󣬾ۼ෭ڲϣȴַ¶棬Խһ߷ߡ⻬Ȼ꽫С椲߶ʮһӭһ
ħܴѣǳַˣ˭֪֮ˣһһַһػһʱ۷ףȥ
ʱַ֮ӣۼС椲ҪϮħæǰħӴϵһߣС椵һס֣һҰƽˣ
շһСɻַһۣ࣬üճĸ󡣬ǸϽѰɣ
С椳ңԺý࣬ʱַŪһ࣬Ŀѱ棬ʮջȻ˵ħַշˣ̲סħһߣߵħ߻أҺѡ



523 ʳ֮
С椱ĵħϲŵƣٻһ򲻹ܣܲͽǳĵСһҲҷˣɱ˱С֣ô񡭡˵ڿֱЦ
ַЦʲôЦģʲôҪ󡣬һ˵˫֣ҪȥĨС椵ա
ҪҪСʧУæ˵СҪ֣ҲЦˡô죬̲סЦ⡣
ַЦĵˣЦҽϻһ󡲻ɡ
С椵ĺ࣬ȻЦȴ治¶Ц⣬ֻСӷԼĨϼ࣬ǿ⼫ˡ
ַЦĿһۣôǰ֮׷նϣľƬÿƬԼʮߣȻ֮ϲһ𣬸ڳףԣ֪벻ɣǰһͦųӷҲƵϻ˿ȥ
תۣʵ˲Ϣ֮ͣתȦӣصԭء
СЦããҲ棡
ַ۹г֮⣬ҲҪһַ΢Ц˼ʮƬľƬϳĽϵ棬Ȼòϵã֮Щħϣ˵֣Ҳɱ㣬Ӧ֪ô˰ɣ
԰סС椺֣ȣߣһһСĸŷɵ˳ϣʱħһҲ֮С
ħһҲŽӣС椳ʱлЩţ⳵ӳˣɺֻƮƮУȫУ棡˷УأһûľƬһӴ
ַһǰħ˵֣ٿЩ˲Ϣ֮ԭͣȻ⳵ӿɾҪˡ
ħǶħޣƬһκ겻ַɷǣȻ䵣ĽɫһʱڵĳӶˣ֪ˣǾԲʳġ
ַкһݣȻ٣ųȥ˰պַȻף
С椵ô΢һȴǰ˴Ƭɫģģ޷Ρ
Щʼձ޵мɿķΧڣѪɫĹϼͬˮһ㲻ͣмϯѹţһ࣬ȴ˵̰һ㣬粽С
С椵ǻЩ֣Ƽô
ַüкж֡
ȻˣǵСĵˣҿƹƬɡСص˵
̽һ˵ַһʶ̽˻֮С
СʶǿҲΣΪ˽ûðȻʹʶ̽ȥֻתַ顣
ַ˫Ŀ΢գɫ˵ڻлûзֹ֮С˼ţɾʱȻ𣡡һĲӻдѵཬҲӻкұ˳
ַɫһȻؽʶսص㿿ȥֻһ˾ͷԾһĻһ۵ľ޴󻨶˿ȴѪڽһͷħ˽ȥ
ڲ𵴣Ȼͷħ޻ûڽзɽӣڲָƽ
ħȻˡ
ʳħַüͷһ壬Ȼе죬ȴûоȣΪʼסࡢħ޵ӵֲҲӵǻʱЩ¡
ͻȻַ˫Ŀһˣɫ΢΢һһ˿Ź֮ɫ
ôˣһֱעַ飬˼æһ
ǻкж仨һڽ̽ʶ̵ˣΪҲͣӦŻڵľ硱ַƬ̣ڿڵղ׼ʶٿ㣬ȴû뵽ʳħȻʳͷħ޺ͻȻڶ׼ַʶһţʶˡ
СʱСͻȻѹ
ַʹһɫ˿ҲһЩΡΧȻڻƶ
»ǶʳħҲҪǳΪĿַ΢΢̣ʶַȥˣԼˡ
͡ȻԶϵʮ׳͵صֱӳַڳӹȥһʱ䡭ֻϸַ˶ֱӰ
ַȻһЦһ콣֣΢΢Ӷ䣬ܷ絭ᣬ콣Զѿ콣һ˲ͻΪ˻ӰѣֻһزҽС
ЩδѵѸٷӡ
һЩõʧˣѵϣȴǷ·ӵĴһϳ鴤š



524 Ĳԭ
»ǶʳħҲҪǳΪĿַ΢΢̣ʶַȥˣԼˡ
͡ȻԶϵʮ׳͵صֱӳַڳӹȥһʱ䡭ֻϸַ˶ֱӰ
ַȻһЦһ콣֣΢΢Ӷ䣬ܷ絭ᣬ콣Զѿ콣һ˲ͻΪ˻ӰѣֻһزҽС
ЩδѵѸٷӡ
һЩõʧˣѵϣȴǷ·ӵĴһϳ鴤š
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ʱǰħҲЩ£ͳַ𣺡ˣǲħĵ̣ǻǲҪǣϿ뿪ɣ
ڿ˵ˣүΪһͷħޣ˻Ǿ磬ûѧˣַħһۣҲ΢΢ͷ
̫֮ˣʮֲսǿЩ뿪ĺãЩֲȫȻûʤԶͬôԡ
߰ɡЩַ
ǳӾƬʱַͻȻ籼һֱӳгȥұۻ콣Ȼһ˻Уڵص׶һ¡
׻ȫһƽ
󣡡ҽдӵص״
ߣ㲻ˡһַ꣬Ѹٷɻأ΢Цħ߰ɡ
ַӴݵЩеǶ仨ħأϮǵģǻħ̫飬ַǵʶ󣬾Ǳ˵صַ⻨ħҪôһƬϢ϶Ӵ
ַ콣λֱһ
ʹɱǻħҲҶаַһƲ¶һ˿Ц⣬뷨ûһȻûлǻħıģǸħȷӹһ٣콣һԪˣĸðͷ
û㻹ͦǳģ⻨ħֻһʶȴһϳҺñСǰֻֻжӣҪжľףﻹ治֪ôԴ˼ˣŮһĻЦ
˿̵Ц绨֮
ܶǰַҲĶ˼ۺ󣬲ŵһЦ̧ͷԶ
Сʱҷ㻹ͦģˣС΢Цƣ˼ַУһܵӡ
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525 ·ٷ
װúͷһޣӷʻȥ
һ·ϣϳ³ϢԷЩַôᣬСӦȻû¶ʲôеĸмԲԱ
չǳأǻ˼ʻ٣쳾һʱǻһƬͷͷʿ棬ֲٺδ
С˯ַĿϢͻȻֻ߽ͣе
ʮδǰַŵ˫ۺͻأҲѣ˯Сô
ǿˡַ˵һ䣬Ǻ˿Ц˯ģȥС椼΢ȫȻûǿֶ¶ҸĹɡַԾ˳ӡ
ҹ确ɳɳţ³ַһȺ󺺣ͿɫżϥǿһΧڴ·м䣬һȦӰΧһˣǳġ
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ȻǳģǲҪ鷳ˣƵ߰ɣַһѻصУҹ紵ķңƮݶòۡ
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һȺŰҵǿ壬ڴʮˣڰǱʮԮǳġַղʶӦһ£ЩڰˣȻҲͲ©ˡ
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ͷǣһӵ󺺴˳Ϊ׵Ķ۽ӣɫһ䡣
ǡ֣ڲĲԭܵشǷǳģԺݶ̰ʵǿΪѴƳڣγΧˣڲԽԽ
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ٺ٣Ѫɱ죬㻹浱ˣֵǣ֡ǶȻߺһڳ֮ˣһҲҪŹ仰һȴ֪һǿУһǵǿС
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ɱҵֵܣȥɣǳһ쳣ĳͳһ㣬˾ԾʮףЯ֮ͺݺַڵĳӡ



526 ãɽ
ǸҵҼСĳʱֻһ·϶ĬĬϳͷкڹһһڸץ𸫱ͷҲ̧ػȥ
ˣͷ氵ɫâʢ
ֻе˫һȻ
㣿ǳԾؿڳ˵ǸͷԼʵӲǻڵߣҲǲ壬ڶԷȻһͷͽˣ⡭
ǻλǿߣص
ͷһۣû
㡭ŭ
ϴиŮȻһ
תͷȥ˸ոսͷˣ⺮ҹ֮УŰãޱȣǳģȷ˵ĺܡ
Ůعˡ˷ͷҲֻһˣֵǣϣĥװBͷ
һʱ䣬ǱǸǿѪɱţֱһһõͷ­й˿ڷߣŰǿͷΧ
СĪͷˣ˶õģ㻹֣Сַ΢΢ЩŵĴߴ˿ǿѾγһȦͷΧһһֲҪƴɱȥ
ַһᣬѴǸͷʵ󣬵˵ͷȥǸ졣԰գһѽǿİΧȦ
ַһʱûг֣վ룬ȻһЩá
ֳųٵس˹ٶȼΪѸ٣ͬʱϵһţƺӰ޷ĥĸĸǻӰ
Ӱʮ
ǶǶѪɱԴУ
ʽκÿַǲһֻӰҪ٣ж٣ּԵعʽں
ÿȥɣǶ¶˿ɲâƽˣ֮ס
ôүͳȫˣ콣ɲǼ䣬ŷ˵ƣƺΧĿռһ˲䶼ȫһǼ򵥵ֱǡ
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ҪᵶֵǴ˿ȴо޾һ⵶һ㣬ٶ̫ˡ
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⡭ַ֪⻰Ҳ֮ʣȣôҲСݣԷ䲻Ҳףлһֱ
壬ַֻһ̣ȺͰĵѴ׽
ַƳĵһﵽǸģаһŻСһϳ߳ȥת۱ûԶ·֮С
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ʵ⵹ҶƲǣʿסںδΪҲǲ֪ΪʿΪ˴ţⲻɽУǾ޶ÿһطסᳬһꡣ
һͻⲻɽѰɽȣסУס֮أҲʱ˳ΪĹȣ֪ҶȻ֪ʿסڲɽȴ޷׼ȷַǶʿľص㡣
ʱͽһɽڣʮַֻͨɽ´²߳ǻ˴ͨɽȥѰҶʿҵ



527 ɽ
ַҶȻ˵£ȴ֪Լֻһ²ʱ䣬һ¹ܰҶǣԸƱزٹ˼ԼݣϼԮ
ϼԮһԱһ׷ٶʱԼʱ̲ˣΪ˸·ѹȥʣʱ䲻ܰܣܴڰװ͵Լ
СҲñע⣬ַֻԼȥ룬ȥһɽвס챣ӣҿǺģҪ·߶Բźã
ַѡɽߵԲ˼ֻͺͺɽ뱾Ӱӣ
ַԽԽʧҲԽԽ뼴˻أѡ·ɽһһѰȥ
ҵһҶֻһͷڶУϷַɿ³ԾϽǰɣɣ
ͷȻ𣬴Ϣ㡭㡭˭
ַ˭ҪҪһλնҽʦ֪סںδɿ֪𣿡
ҡҡͷյʱ䣬˵ַٴС
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ҶδˣϮˣȴ˵ζʹַѪҺһ΢Ĳ̤ҶϣʩȻУֻ۾״Ƶڹš
һΪͨɽȣûκοܵĵطȻɽеǸˮأϿȥˣҪͷָ㣬治֪ܲҵط



528 Ѫ
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ַǰ˺ųƶʿ֪ʱиǰֻҪһһʩȡ
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ַͷȥȴΪ֮ˣӦС椣ͷɵŶ⿴ʱһ󺺡
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⻰ַʱʡ򣬴ϲ˰취ԼôȾû뵽ţԣ뵽ˣû֮ˣҲйף뵽úգգۣʾԼס
ЦЦ׸ַһźɫҩ裬ڿУȻʯһʯš䡯򿪣ǰһַ֡
ַǰȻ˻δ߽һ͵ľЯǵĺɫĩڲӿͻıʣõַͷ΢΢һ
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ٺ٣߰ɸ󣬱ʲôЦЦ߽ʯ֮Уַ΢һҲĸȥ
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ַһ𶾾ʿʩֶΣЩȥҲЩˣĻЩжķ羰ת˼䣬ȴӭһɽڣ·;Ѿ
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һᣬ߳һҩ׶˵
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ʿһŭɫѪˣô
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ʿĵ㵹飬ߣȵ㣬ֲǾңѪ˼Ҽʱƹ
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ʲôַһ΢΢鴤ҧаϻ쵰ȻҺģԿǵȼߵһԣһˣҲҪˡ
ıԹʿһѣЦô룿ˣͿˣ
ңߣϻûʲô֮үֻҪԣСү͸ҷַҲֻЦ˼ȻΪģڴģӴѪţ֮ˣַո԰գֻ䡯һ죬һâƾճڷУһΪֱ򶾾ʿַĶͷȥ
ַС֮ϣȻƾճַڵİâССһţâʱӭǵâ໥
һĻַʶ˳֪ǵâСɵˣ
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ǡ֮ʿģ̲סЦôЩˣַעһ˿



530 
ַ֪֮֮˵ɿϲŭ˥飬Եޱȣַ֮ʱ龰ܣһ壬װϲ֮ɫ
Ӳթעѱϣ˵ںڣҲûˣ֮£ΨܿأԼҲǲɵģŵĿҲֻܴ裬ֻҪԹҵĻұ㳣֣Ȼٺ١˵⴦ͻȻ˥֮У
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ַǰʿͻȻһⶾ˲ᰡӻһö룬һַڣַʱеһ˿˹ȥ
ʿַͣһ̣ڱǶֱᣬһ̣ʶ̽̽ɫֱ䣬ͻȻҡͷⶾҲû⡣
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ʿ۾΢΢Щ˸תͷãȻʵ涾෱࣬ȻҸʿĳƺţȫ֮
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ַȻһ֪Ȿʥҽҽֻǲ֪ⶾʿΪʲôҪ͸Լ
ʿⱾһ£һܶͨʮ֮һݣһҩȥо綾


531 
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ʿڱ̫ˣһܲܶͨδ֪֮ȻͨҩҲñοӳϼĶƣ죬õ죬˴˶ҲҺɣˣҵūһб£ҲΪá
ַԭһ˴ԼΪԼūԵʣΪķ֣ҪԼˣ΢ŭ漴ƽЦһûǰԸȫң
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ַѵǰĴ֮޵ģ԰գַһЦӰʮ⣬֮죬ίʵ˼顣
ӾȻҪôһСʿԹĵַһۣ֮˭ַ֪Ȼһ㷴ӦҲûУǮŲ
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յϣҲֻ֣мܣȴͣȻ͸СӣֶΪ֮ĺǽС׳ɡ
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532 
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Ȼӽݣˣ֪ʿԲ٣һԾһݶѣ䵽ϣδȣչṦӵ⡣
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ַһɽ֮󣬲ԶԶ˵һỰС椵ͷ˼ҡҡͷ̬ǼǲĻȥ
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ֻͻȻ˫ϥأȴҡҡͷ
䣬ĶţСӻҲΣһڵأŤ˼£㼴
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ӸƮȻ£С׸ͷȥǼСѾͷһʶΨܽ⣬ָͽϼȫ׷˵䣡ĵͷһۣ׷ȥ
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Сӣˣ֪ɭУ黰δԶһӣһɫХɽһ㣬ûһ޴ĽӰ۶ϣٵĽУ֮𣬴ɳ衣
ãַɫΪ֮һ䣬Ȼһŵ棬ٴμٲƮݵسԱ㿪ٶȣַȴǱҪǶԶĻҹġ
ʱܣƱ鷢䣬ͻȻ˸⣬סβܣƴָ罣䣬ɫ߷棬һԽǺһĨдϵĹ⻮գǹâȴһ߳콣



533 ǻթ
ɢ˿˿͸羵ַڿ˼ܣֽ֮յ֮Уһﲻֻ˫۾ĵԽԽ顣
ܹΣյľأַһ˵֮ߡ
ƵʿһöƵܷλߵϢܹ˵ϢµһҲǿԸġ
ƵЧôܹƾöҩ龪ˣ
ȻַҲòϣһյķͬ߸˿һСģͻˤȥǣʬ޴档
ѾϾĵزûѡء
ȡƵ䡢ĸоĩһֱĵס
һżڵһ㣬ͬһ磬Ծȥֱֱ֮վϣŽӽ飬ɿ棬ȴΡȻ
ַԾϵһ˲䣬ͷ
һĻ̾Ǻǵ˫У˸ٶȣӿн䵽һϣĿַɨɨȥҪ֪̽ʵ
κжصϢһֻϣһߣͬˡ
صǣȴ޷ǰһɫߵκϢ
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˭һ䣬ûŪ״ǰǽԸǾԲðȻµġ
˭Ҫôַ˫֣Ļشͷ΢΢ţϳ涯ȫһģ
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ƺ˼ɣĲɵ˿֪ԼƵļƲһõĿˣֻҪٽгɹĿܡ
֮˵пܣΪϷֻҪԺַҪٲ֮ء
˶ַɵʵ˭޵ĵطʲôֻ˵İѼַǰڶɱǳѪսУҲùԴ˿ãΪ˳֡
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鶢ַãŻ˵Ƭ򣬷ԲǧطħȺļ̤ΨΨƬĪҲֶΣ
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ǿƣҲǻλǿ߲ܹ߱ţиǳ𾪺ɻԼ㷢֮ȫһսмְգɲҪСʧΪǸСӣźá
Ҳһַ̣вʱ⡣
ֻлЩɻ󣬾ǲĲԭʲôʱһǿصߣΪʲôû˵
һ⿴ûһ֮ޣΪβҵá羰ѵȥ
뵽ЩɻͻȻ䣬Ҳ˸⣬Цⲻ֮أᣬһ£ҲдһʾΣ
ߣǾ⣬Ƕ⣬ֻԼ֪ɣַһȴǲҲӦΪһڸʱԼֻǸǹͷпõˣ
ַԷΪþȫ콣Ϣһ˿Ư֮ϣ䲻󣬵ȴǹˣĮĿᣬܽסһͻ֮£վˣǲܽסͱһ˰ɣ
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ðԵһɫһ䣬ȫͻȻһѪɫĹâֳһΣԼӰһ㣬ţͿһԼĺɫĹӣͷɳһǵӰ
һ鲢ûгȫҳΪַ֪һжˣҪ¸Ĺ·ӦԺֱ仯
Ȼûȫ̵ַʹȥˣÿڻָһ˿ַȲ콣עȥҲ⵵콣ĹԽԽǿ
ǿַ콣ХһӳһʮɳĽԾ֮ӳĹӰ䡯һУӰɢ»صУԭʮɵľһԽǳӳͬʱѵؿڡ
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һоֻڣǵڻĹӰ󣬱ǿ֮ĩ˿ԣ㵱ʱվŲǵҲ˲ֺ
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ԼҪԽЩѼַΪ˴Խһ⣬ҺõǱڰӵ˰ʱҳһЩڣ˸Ǳ롣
֮Ǳ룬ȴȻûȫܿеĶĿοԽǽڰǱȥʱǱλ׮ˣַֻٶȼ죬ֻһʧЩΪۻűһ鷳
Ҳڲ֮У˭ҴɣЩػû˴飬ҲƽĲ̽и˲١
ַڸ֮СĵǱţ֪ʱϿյ¶ҲɬضƲ֮Уֻһ
Ҳ·״ʱַΪӪһʮʺǱеĿռ䡣
¶ٴ˸˵Ĺ⻪ƲƮʱַվһƬİӰ֮УƬһ޴ı̺ڵصĽڵءۡ
ӦþĽˡַȡУʱһ׹漱ȥ
ĺˮȻֿ©һֱͨͨĵˮףˮ֪жͨԶȻǱֱ£ȴһͷҲڰ͵Ȼ⿪ġ
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ַںˮ֮пٳľ޴ͨ̾ͨ޴ΧǽھȻǽˮ۵γɶˮˮ֮
ʿϸСɫĻһţĿ÷ɫһƬӨĺˮζ֪Ҳ
֮ͨҲǰ߶Ȼһ͵ס»Уޱȣܲһˮѹÿ½һ֣ȥ·ͱˮ
Ȼǵ۹ֶΣַа޵Ȼܽõ˵زĬĬƣ붼İٶɣľ̾Ҫ֪ˮнͨɲ½صɽ֮УˮںܣҪôһͨķֱ֮



541 Ҷ
½ȻֹסˮͷһƬ޴ɫӨĻסȥ·Ǻˮ۶ˮĻûһ˿ʣһƬ
ʲôγɵģַզһ
ɫӨĻ治֪ӳ˶ٲصĽ󷨣飬ػˮ磬׹磬ֻҪǿнɫĻַĽƱܰǿн֮˴ûɢ
ַСȡ飬Ὣ֮ˮĻ֮УȻ֪ˮĻȻǸ³ʲô©ˡ
룬֮ˮĻϴתʮɫϼˮĻпѣ¶һ߶һɵŻַϽ飬һͽС
ǰһһ޴ĵƾƯںȫһ͸ӰΧȫѺˮ˽ɫĹâϣе淭ڡ
ϸһ⵺쾹ȻѾˣͨϵĺǳۣĿŭĿӣĿ֮
ǰ΢㣬һŭ죬һϵľ⵺ɢŨַ֮ȲѣҪԼǰȷȻὫ֮һ
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ַͷųһֱĳɫУ˫ֲϵı־ȫ˻ȡꡣ
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˭ַһ䣬Ȼֹͣȡ꾫ȻתӥĿһɨӣȴδְӰ
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ͫһַĿ⣬Ȼ֮ͣϡ콣뽫˾͵ؽΪ֪˵صĿ£ȡ¾ôй¶ȥ
˭ôַǿסͷľѽŬԼƽΪʵ
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ַҲƲòֻڰ֮䣬е֮
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ַһδ˵콣֣һ˹ȥ
̧ͷһۣŭη񱲣Ȼҳ֣һӣһâ۾㣬ֱַš
ַһδһɾӿ˹ǲֵܵһյʮɿ⣬ַ֪ʱһ֪ǰ֮ΪԶԼҲòƴһԵڵأַ𣬺ϡ
ߣǶлδ֮չַٵ𣬵ιһδݳԶԶ˿ȥһαһεء
֪ųһص굺ȻǺôģԼһˣΪȻ桢˼飬ԼȻһҲδеùǰ֮ˡ
һ֮䣬ַң쳤̾һҲ
ƾΪҲǿ굺ǻˣʱ˲ŴǸĺڵĶпһϮݹ⣬뷢ᣬƮݣȴֲִɿ֮ϡ
ַһæץ콣ֻҪһϣȴȣǰҪδΣСӶΨǴӣҷ
Ҳδ뵽ͻȻ˵Ҳһ˲Ϣ֮ЦҶһ֪ΣȴûôġЦ֮˶ģʵˣ
ַϣϸ˿˵òͻȻ䣬һҶ硢Ҷơͬʱ˾ȻƣͻȻ̲סϵҶƣ
Ҷƺһ𣬵Ҷƣ
ַɫһϲϺųѪҶơ
Ҷ૵Ѫ񡭡ٺ٣û뵽СӵҲûϷϣ˳ͷ΢΢Щϲ˰ΣͻȻһϵӣ
ַϵá
Ҷ˿ҲҲôѲȻдǼ



542 Ĳػ
ַ̾ϢһѲ³˭ˣǰ˵ҶƵһ£ֻЩ룬ȴһ˵ҶΪҳߣԼϵִҲ֪ôģֵһǳصĵزʹҶ飬ĴӴһҲ븸׼档
ַҲ뵽ҶڵġҡôһңΪˡҡȻҪԼϵֵһĵزڿǰˣ֪
ԭҶڵļңȻ굺ֻǲ֪⵺ϵкأȻڵ֮ˣȥ
޾ҶƵϵ־ϲˣȴֲп
ҶȴĽ˵ˣ
ַ̾Ϣһδȴʱʱ̿˼ңֻǡֻ˼Ҳ֪굺֮ء
Ҷһ𣬵㡭֪ң
ַȻһЦǰҶദһʱǸʱ򣬾Ӧ굺ϵӰɣ
˵ȻǰԼҶƲ˳ֻۣǿĿһеİҶЩҲǰԼæȲ˵Ǽ£Ǵ˴¼ûա
뵽ͻȻ콣ǰ
ҶҪ
δˣַѹ׵СӶɷȣ˴μˣȻҪ˼Ҹ
Ҷ˫ĿԲǾ㾿˭֪˭ҪΪҰ˰ݣͿ
ַЦС븣Ҳʽ飬ֻҶƶСʵж׻˵ծӳӶܣ˼ңԵл
ͻȫһѱҶóɵĴ֣һץסֻãַֻֻһ㣬֮ǿԼƽδ
οַΪƾ磬κ֣֮Ѷֱ֮Ӧ˭ѽץסġ
ȴӰֱٰץסַַʼ죬֪˶Ȼѿ쾳磬ȻһץеģַȻþͭ졣
˿̾ҲЩܲ˴һץ֮ȴҧסһüͷƲţĿעַ
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ҶŻ֪˭ˣ
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Ҷ૵ҲƶֵܣƶΪһĿˣˣԼĬϵֵܣǾԲ˳ֵģֻСһ԰нΪֵܣҲǲ˵ġ
Ȼ䣬ԶһХһĹ֮ҶѿڵǾȻҲˣɫ΢ԼǾ
ֻģҲʲô
ɭɭްһֻˣȻҪ˻꣡˵ԽԽùɭɭ
νˣ׼겿֣Ӧֵһˡ
ɭͬ굺ػߣôϻĶ֣ߣ
ݷ˵Ҫҽˣ
ǰƶ˴ڶ಻֪Զǽ˵٣֮ȴִ
ֻһȴ˷һͻȻһХֱ֮Ȼƶ
䣬أֱַľսҲ벻Լһ֮УȻܼǿߣҲ̫Լİɡ
Ҷ۹·˷ͻȻһδأѵ߳
Ҷ˵ַǸȥ߱ߵСӾһˣ굺ôôǿߣ
ַԱϣҶѳҲįζ㲻˵⻰ˣ׻Ĳ굺ػߣδʼĲ֮ˣóһƶΪܲ⵺ϵļįң˵ַһۣŵ⵺ѵ˽ÿ굺ˣһĲ֣֮èӣˣŻȥ
ַһֱðЩһ¶Щ񾭲룬Ҷ챼һƬڣÿһŻҶһϱһʯբ·ϡ
ַղǰ򾲴ݣƮݲ˿ȴ˾ʧ룬Լ֮ˣΪ̲߳࣬סʵĲеǼ
Ҷһſڵ겿𲿣
ַ̾Ϣһδ𻰣ͻЦ浱ǣߺߣ˭ˣҲ塣
ַȻ£ΪҪӣ
ҶȻһ̾Ϊ㡣



543 Ե
ַΪҶӣô˵Ҫˣ
ƶѵиֵܣҲҶǷ粿λĲ֮ף䲻ǣǸ֮Ϊʵ̫ǿ֮ԹҲϾʱҪ˺㣬кΰ취ֻȴ㵽ȫ֮أ
ַ̾ллѶΧﻹʲôȫ֮أ
Ҷַָ֮ȥͻǰһȻʣ֮ǣɽˮ·绨һ塣
ԭ֮УһߵʯʯͷһƬزˮԼ
ȥб̲ԣɽһƬɽɫĿ
ߵǰ棬һŷһƬˮŰɣ̲֮ϣҲмֻ׶측䣬һСķƯˮϣֻǷɴʹˮ棬˭ҲƲ
ֻƼһ̴һ֮Դɢ뵼䣬ƾ
ַԾ֮䣬ȴҶ쾹ѹݵɫ࣬һֻߵס
ַΪα˹ԲΪ֮һԭĸסҶƵ̡
ֻǷ۷ˮɴУѴŮӵʲôöѼȴĮǴĸ԰˵Ļ
ַòһҶ׿ڻһסص֮ⷽûаϵҲ벻ĸס
Ҷ˼ңֻǡ
ʮǰƶ֮ʣľ̤´һҲˣѵô
Ҷȴһ棬ֻ򡭡
Ц֮ʱ㽫ǹ֮ʣѰƶҽ޼֮ʡ
Ҷ뵺ȥѰƶ
ֻδţӵһۣƶҲ¶ģȥɣ仺ȴֲɶҡļ֮⣬ɴҲɼλҶǶô۰ˡ
Ҷ֪ѾأȻʧ֮ɫվˣȥˣͻȻ䡮ಡһַ֮죬Ѹ
ַ֪ۼһȻ΢΢һЦֻܲһҶһַУַ𣬵棬絶Σֱֱ׹˺ףһʱ䣬ֱ͸ףķˣ˱˹ȥ
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˻ۼҶҪɱ㣬ȴ㣬ϧƴһҪںףԼģ𣿡˫ַ֪ҶĸףҶƵ̣־ϲ
λУȴܽԼƣ˵Ŀ磬µ֮ǵѣ˵仰ϢΣܽӵ˴ȣˮ֮󣬱ᣬʵ
ֵ֪ˮУҶὫֻƶֵܣȴܼˣ𣿡
ַϷ񶾣Ѵ굺ȴ֪⵺ôգС֮ܣʱԻΪͨл֮Ŵһ֮롣
㵹˵ٻ漴
ַ˵ЩظǸɷﴭĿЪϢ˰Σ̲סſλ˵ģ
ǰֻضפòˣ֪һ֮£ͷ̴һ
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ͻдϷ˻ʲô֣ƶʶģ



544 Ϊ
ַ֪ҪʲôйӦˣ㽫ԼҶʶľ򵥵˵һ飬ǰҶƵĿҲһֲ©ı˳
˭֪Ϸһߣᣬ˵ȴҲǰȻƶƵôͲһʱŭɱô
ַһ˶٣ſڵϵΪҪɱСӣ練ƣСӲ˵ʵϷȴǾߴǻۣ֮ͨˣֻһԲʵҲܽ˼Ƴһֻдֱԡʵˡ
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ַҴ𻰣ֻ΢΢
Ϸ˵㻹ܶ
ַϲĵϷĪѿϳȣ
Ϸ˵֣֮ضԴ굺ȴˣƶ϶ֵܣҶԵҺôһ˵
Ϸ԰գͻȻһӿһƥ̴ʱлһֻӨ͸ƣסַͷУֱͨľַһֱͨĸ
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֮£˹࿹ȻԼⶾģ˹࿹һδת꣬ȴһɻԭǷ֮˲ϢѻУԭеһ㡣
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ַڻܽΪԼ֮ãԽ죬ԼҲԽ죬ԴԴһַǹΪУַǿ
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Уֻһ˵Ŀɻƶ죬ɺףת
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ʱַȻȻַͻھ磬Ϊһ¥Ҳȥ֮󣬸õҶƣ˵˼ǳ֮ܶ꾫֮ȫַУϴ
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ַĿɿڴ಻֪Ǿϲ˰Σ꣬Ȼݷڵأһᱨǰ֮ġ
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545 궴
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ַǣҶڷţ˶˫ϥ΢һһԾȥƻڿƾȴҲת磬ϲ֮£еˣˣ
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ֱʱҶǰȥַУæϣһʱֻ굺µ֡׷һζָоޱȡ
ҶԽԽߣһᣬûƶˣ֮Ҳ޼Ѱ˷һٷʱ֣ҶŴַһɽȥ
ɽӶһبߣһͷɽ壬۵⡣
ַ˿Ҷ죬ɵ궴ڣ
ҶЦֻͷַĪ˷Լǰӵ⿴Щɫ壬꣬Ϸ˶޲ڣ϶й֮ȻһʹᣬݣŨ



546 ɺ
ҶЦԣ궴֮أҷһ㣬֮ԴһڣɽͱͨɽŨǧٱܹɢǧ֮⡣
ַΪ̾ɽѾõɽˣҲõ֮طɽǿ֪۹Ȼ鴫
ɽϿգַҶƽ˸߶ȣٶҲ࣬ɽɽһķͻأ𣬻Ķվȴ;ɽ׳䣬ɽɭܲ󽭴Ӵ
ǰ֮ʱ굺񲢲ֱ˿ַ֪ԭ⵺Ǭڵⲿģֻֻþ
ԽɽԽߣǧ֮Ѿ׸߷壬ɽѩһٲҪŨò˼飬ƺۿڿƮݣеˬľƽ͡
ַҶھ޴ɽ˽ţ
еĶɽһȻܶڲȴɲ⣬ıһʯ̬죬Ρޡɽɭ֡ǧٹ֣δţͷ׵Ĺ⻪ַۻҡ
һͨһȻһ£󣬲İƽףұһСˮأðһȪˮڣһȪ
ַϲǣŨܵЩԶóһСɫڴĴƮţҶԼߵʯ궴ѳǺǡ
ҶЦ⣬ַڴȡһٽαľȶ
лǰȫַм
ԼˣûҪҶ쵭һЦˣһ㣬궴УֻҪͺãмǲⶴĴ߶
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˵ţͻȻ죬Ҷ棬ɫ죬˲ָ糣ַһЦҳȥѲʹˡ
Ҷַļ򣺡չأİɣûšˣϣ´μȶˣסﵽα쾳ȫ׼ǧҪ٣ȹۿ˶ɽΣʱĽ뽵Ӧ磬¶
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Ҷһߣַһεʯ棬ͷϷһϹ󣬾ͱĿ붨ȫȡε
ΧžһƬͣľǰδе
ʱ۾־ϲϲǣԼΧ鲼˽ɫȻѾȡ˱״̬ǣڵСԴΧȻ漣һˡ
˵ĳַ⣬ͬʱҲе㵣ģⶫԼʲôΣɣ
ףôֶ˸ˣԼˡַͻȻһԴЦ
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ַϲСܹʥʵʣ˵Լȡĸ֮
ַͶ۲ѣֻԼʵռĵ۹ûпɱԣַвŲòռһھȻԼ޶ȵȡ֮ǻӶࡣ
еɱȴ½澫ʥַ̫࣬ĪãԼԴǿ侲ֹ̫ۣϾԼڱ˵ĵϣʱضΣգٽһɸľˡ
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֪˶ãеṴַ̃˼ڣֻˬͻȻһ뵽Ҷ֮ǰˮ֮£æлع̾ˮǾ䣬仹δټɢѾľá



547 ͵ˮ
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ַеʮ־棺Ҳ̫ˣһߣϹ֮壬ȻҪֻӦԵɡ²쿴ǰȴ˿
ַεҡҡͷƮԲм䣬ڰ۱ߣʮÿһ񱭣²ϵĵһְɫţ̰ʣ·ֱʮӨ͸СӽҺס
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˿񶾾ȥֵˮ߳Ŀġɸַ߳ͻȻɫ䣬һʧ˿УڶֳַӰ
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ڶڵʱȫˣⶴҲ̫˰ɣտĴھһԶصĵطûУȺ˵ļƣ϶ǳŴ˴ˮģϣ˼Ҳ˴Ǵˣ



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ҡҶϼһңַҶû˿ܶһţʱʩչ˸Ұʺʽ˸ܵĽӴ
һƵϵĻ֪˵زܾݺݵҶһۣչвǰȥ֮һӰ
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549 
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ʹʱԼתҲһܹӳϼһ׷Ͼ˼ʵԲǻ˵ġ
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СӣȻƭң˵ôһ£Ŀ⺮ĶַһֲֿɱҲ˿



552 ֮
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557 ʳ֮
Լĵַ֪ûлֵʵǰ뷵½ˣ
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Ъ˺һᣬָ·ЪЪһֱеڣڻɽҰҴ䣬ֻŵǸ겻סС
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ŵӻͷһһ¸ǳԾѿڶеǵߣǶǶòˣȥȥʳȴ˷֣Ƴ˸ʬЧȣ
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г˴·õһС˽ȥһ֪мҼһǿݣһӰҲޣֻü·;ﾡԹѣг˾ܲݣһƬ
һᣬֻ·żʬ壬Ǹɱ˫ݣһ֪Ƕ˵ģԽԽַ࣬аȻ⾿ǿʲôĴ½
еһֻ֣а˴ϲ뿪һ·δ̣𴦿첽ȥеڽֻٸڵΧһھ޴ڣЩڹӻ
һЩŲعͷַǸ꣬Ҳû˿⣬תͷһôֳ֮ϲɫַ˳Ŀȥֻǿô֮ϣŮ߸ε޶
ַԼߵʲô
⣡һ䣬飬Ѿ˾ռˡ
ʱЩַˣ˴Цͬ˵Ȼˣзݣмóλã
һһѾһСЦСַۣһ٣ýˡһӵеԡ
ַԴĻס񣬴˿ЩЦһعȵôЩС
Ǻȫǣ͵һ˺С·ִѥγһţ⵶Цܾûô۵СˡСߵһԣƺҪɱ
һһֻں棬˵Ѫ˿ϧһѪζŲء
ַǲ˵Цʵɱ֮⣬ŭУô캦
ֳĺЦûһˣˣܳʲôǺӵѪȥˣæ־סǺͷ
С˿ƤѲֻܳһСǲ԰ɫɵˣ
ַŭһǰһĵһ£󺺣׳ԶӲҺ˼ڵأһҲܶˡ
֪ͻȻַԵʲôѵҪɱˣΪ˾߸СǾˣɱˣ
⻰ַ漴ǻܵ࣬Ⱦ˵԰գһΣ˹ȥ
ַܵٶô죬Щ㶣عʱһͻȻȵˣ㣡⵶ַؿڲ¡



558 ҹ
ַһ̧ҽţһߣ˼⵶ַɳȻһӣֱ򦣬ſںȣ㽫ԼͷҧѪȥ
ַæǸС£и˭Ҳ˺ǣ
СԺؿ޵ҪңܳҰҲַ˵ЩôԼԼ֮䣬ֻ֪Լһʱ䣬˼Ҳ΢΢˰ġ
ڴʱֻýŲ첻ϣַͻȻǱߵ²ѣͷ촽µ˵֣ģҹûһ¶ǣЩƤݸţСӾȻҪˣϸƤ⣬ʷ۵ģҲһˡ
ַЩ˶ͷһ㣬ֿ죬ǿɲæСͷ§ڻС˾ţܴ̼ˣܶɵˡ
ɾʱַͻȻһٹЩǵˣ̧ǰ濴ȥ͸ҶȻؿʮ˫͵۾ɢڸ˶Χ
Щ޶ͬһƷ֣С峤ɣ߽ӽףƤֲڶҺڣ˶Դʨͷ£ųëŶһ֧ڵĶǣܽŴͣȴ¶һ˫ѩ׵һԺľ
أͻȻȺȻģʱ䣬ľ׷ױѣ𣡾ַҲһ
üһʲô࣬Ȼûħ޵ϢӦҲǲַ̾ͬʱ֮ûЩ˽йηԼַЦе˼ھȻЩͨ࣬ҲҴԼˣ̫ˡţŵʳܷŹˣ
ʱųм˻ͷһۣ̲סʧǡ˵꣬ȻѰνţΧȥ
Ǽ˺ǡ֣ʱ˶ͷһۣһ˶Ƶޱȣ̲סҽһǡаվѼ˫һӣеߡߣˡħˣħˡ
˴󺰴У񣬵ײײǰɱЩ˲СĴ˻̣·Ҳפ㣬̼䣬˾ȻʧƬ֮С
ַǸȻûߣ˿ȴҲɫҰףȫѪɫ૵ӲȺǡһһӲ
ַͷֻǸȫͣǾʲôôô
⻰ͻȻ̧ͷַһۣʲôƤһɣ¶΢΢ϲɫˣǶͨȻǶħĴڣ˵ȴԶûô£
뵽Ͼɫ΢ȥͿһøУŻһȺӵޣ˼̰֮һҧѪ㲻ڣıؽѪǣУҧʳԸʱ֫ҧȥˣҲܻûʹ࣬ɲܵ˵ģ
⻰ַĿ˸һᣬŵ˵ŰѾˣΪʲô֯һˣޣ
ǣĿַһۣŵЩͨܶԸģҪԸȺҪʮ֣пܣԪ½߱ٵĺܣҸŲݣ£
ԭַ˵ͷȷһ¼½ϲûߣ½öͭңͿѧؼ½ϣҲϧĺܡ
ȻԲܳٸƽУȻһ˶ûУҪ֪½ȻҲټгɵߣȴһץһѣĺȥˡ
ַԼǵһʲôĴ½ˣ
ڿɲЩʱһͷǳХһһԾһڹֱַ⳯˹ַһŽͷ߷ɣһ𼸸Сһһϡ
Ǹ꣬Ҳ֮һô֮ϣЦãɱˣȻԣһӣȻ¡
ȺǲأѺŷ׷ϣַ˫չҷһޱȵľ磬ЩǱһվסţĵĵ
ɸһŭϣַ֣һźɨֱǴŲĺǣ޲ϣ̱ڵأҲá
ȺǼַͣҲǰԶԶţصͺ
ַȴЩ׼ֻʴĺǣٴλȥʱ䣬Ѫɣַ۵ĺǣѷ׷׵ѪУγ֣ȫ



559 
޾ʧ룬һƬң໡ŭУ֪˵Ĺ̫ߣ⣬׷׼βͣһѷתͷܣͷһҲңתۼʧӰ١
ʱϵ꣬Ȼַ֪ǸߣпʥƽƣʱȺˣȴϣ֪˵ôá
ַɫײ꣬ڵȥղܵЩ񶼽н˵ԣóˣֻܺˮˡ
Ծȥһ˶϶˻ַҲᣬʱƤͷǶӽǿھ޻֮С
ȵ֮ǰѻٶʱƮһ˽еԳˣַûпڣȻûһ˸ȳԣɱǵֶθסˣ
ַߵСǰЪЪȥּһְ꣬˽ţ󲧵˹
ַ΢΢һЦ˹Ǽǰſڵҳ԰ɣЩѲǶ˶ãһ⻰ʱȻʱ¶ǣÿ˶˵ĳ졣
ַ֪ɱǱѳ˸ɾʱ˶ѳԱˣҹɫ񻶵ҹ˱˯˹ȥ
ַȴͻȻӳ˯۾ǹ˻ȻԾ߸СǳҹɫˣЩԼҲֻ˵زˡ
ɲҽ߸С£ЩһڳԱˣûʲôһˣǰʳ֮£¾ͻᷢˣ߸СӣҲֻܴˡ
߸СУĸкʮ꣬ҹи·޴󰭣СŮȴַֻ꣬ǿɫ޷룬ֻһֱһһ걳ڼϣһоһСȥ
ַ֪ЩСǰŵòᣬںڰп־壬ֻñ߱˵ʱһЩ֪СǣҲʱĲժߵҶӻ䣬ЩСӵͷϡ
ֱڣַûзʱӣǰвͬˣǾ̫ĥѣӵȰϧ
˼ʱԶѿʼγǳɫĹ⣬ʱӳһƬѻһƬƬССƷͷʱʧ
ϳ಻֪ĻݣеѾݰˣеۣϳһЩָҶӣǿԳԵģǺøҲڡ
˵֣ͻȻ̧ǰȥַ˵
ôãеˣ㿴ǱиɽȥϢһºòã
ַ΢Цĵ˵ͷ
ɽɽ²Զһ׵׵ĴѵĺԼԿԶɽΡʵĹűűͦһѱͷյֱָ̣ɫ񷡣
վɽ֮ץһҶ߽˵֪ôһ죬̺죬дУǷ֣ҲҵԵģԣˣϲ죬ȴ죬һ㣬ټУǿ˥ܵӣҪû죬ֻдڣǸöá
ַԶĹűһۣŵû죬˼˵˲㡣
һۣ̾ǰ˵˲㣬ܻģ˿µļڰ
ʱֱַ΢üͷԶɻʲô
ַû⣬ߵƺˣ񻹲٣ʲô
űʲôֵģƬ½ʹûֹͣǻ˿Ա˭ڴʱԶ˻Уֹ֮ȴһɽϵĹűƹɽţɫ½ⷽ
ǰһɫëƤںڣȾɫʿִë׻ʿһƥҷ֮Ǵܽʿ͹֣ͼͲеëӳʮҫۡ
ҪˣַֻųС֪ǻ˳ԲԵ£԰գ⽫Ŀɨһڡ
˭ءʱһʿԽڶϵԣ˵ʲô˵ЦʿʮָߴüĿΪ㣬һͷ𷢣ڼϣ粨
ַЦ£еĻŮģ
˲ڳôµó
ַЦҴŮġ
ͷֵô֪



560 ·ƽ
ַ㿴ǽʿֻǿİŮӲеģ˵ӣҲǶ˿ĲŻС
ϸȥҲһЩߣЦ˵ˡ䣬žһ죬һʿӦҽУգѪָ
ţ·ʿҪôмҪôƥм֮˿ʿ࣬죬ȫ֪ӺζûмҲ֣תټ̴ҡ
ּһǹǹΪǿʿһǹʱжʿǹʿͷ췢Լڣ䲻Ҫҡ
ЩʿȻҲѪ֮ʦֶʿðǹ꣬׷ǰΧһǽǹߴ̳ܣ죬ǰϻȻһƬ
ǹ񱩶̴٣ЪҷкӰʮʿֳֶܣֳֽٶܵסٽ׼ʿҿ
ʿ㽣£ɱֻ֣˫׾أӲףѴ룬ݱҲڵһ󣬸˫ɱһƬ
Ӷֶ࣬ǰһսʿƬ̹סţȻ潣ʿۿֵסսˣʿ״ٽ죬ŭȵҪһ
һֽƶʱɢХһǽʿΪףɱƾƥѹ̿ͣʮؽԲ֮ʱǡһ¶Բ˾ٽһ޲۽ɣͷ­ؽɨԾ·ѪȪ
Ƶ٣ͷǽʿӦ佫һ֣
ַɨǽʿȴϵˣһ֣Ҳ
꾪ܰɣ
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䣬һɼ磬һ棬ɱʿǰתӳһָΪҰҪȺ̿ͳͳΧסһ䡣
ЦЩʿΧˣӦÿˣ
ַͷһۣһָ˵Ǳߡ
ĿȥϢ䣬ϷɽϵӰǿڣ£ƥҲԺڼ֣дǹ
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ʱ׷׷ɱ̿ͣ˶룬ֻʣϡϡ˻ܣ״ľӭϣ㣬ˣһ˴׷׷
ʿƲ̼ɣʱʿе񶼱潣ʿԶвᣬҲǲϻˣʱ䣬ʮźʿƽ˴ͣ㣬ľʯڵء
᲻ȣʱͻȻڣ˵˾ĪĻ
ַһ㶣漴Цϣȥȥ
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ʿûĻ侫һһɴַ϶룬һʿţκɵó֣Եһ
Ļ˵֧ƫУпȣһģźʿ¡Եڵأʿͻ谭סǰһԵһǹ֣ವһӹ
ȾϲһȲѵɤӱϣʣµʿּͬ壬ǹһɣһɲǣ䣬ľ
Ȼ䣬һӰüģʿǹƥȻһ٣ֹ㲻ǰĪ
ͷȥֻһװ֣òŹֵͻȻЦЦ˫һ߬סһֻ㣬ƾ֮Ȼһӣ˴֮С
ַۼΣ߸СɽϣԼȴɽ£ϵʱǼ䲻ݷַ鼱
ʣ˼ʿͨһŻعŤΣǹַɨҴ̣˭ַһҲһһС
˭ַ֪ǹ󣬶ҲûǼڼʿǹ飬ŻѪ죬ַһЦ΢΢һΣж磬ץסЩʿһһǶ֮УۿϻأʼŰ֣վһԡ
ʥǿߣʿܴɣַǾ֣ò״ӵҲַǹԶ񱼶ȥַɱˣҲȥˡ



561 вҿ
ʿһȥһͷʱ潣ʿӣҪͷ׷ϣдһҪ׷ˣȥɣ
ʿˣʱסƥϵַǰɫлʥ˳
еʥַ֪ʲô·ƽΣұ֣²⡣
ʱַԱߣҧַ֣˵ЩʲôǣӦóûҪЩǮŹʵʣȻˡ
ַСŮһۣ˳ǣŪԵôˣұǺгкȡżСҪתǡ
ǽʿһᣬסȥ·趯ؽַ֪⣬üһ֣ǽʿеĽѵУаһᣬ׸ǽʿ
ʿһ˾ӽȴֻûһȣ֣գ۹ؽ䵽ַ
ʥˣǡʿĿ࣬ϡ
ԺҪڱǰνΪе⣡ַЦЦظʿȻӹԻȻַ΢΢Ϲڵʥ䣬ն񱨣
񱨾Ͳˣһ·»вΣգСӦö԰ɣַȻһЦǰȥ
빫һ
ַһ㶣ͷɻüʲôô
ʥһʥһع󣬾͸֪ʣóл⳵Ůܴ˵ЩסַΪ֮ЧַȴԶԶˡ
ַĿ˸˶٣ŵֻһСӣʲôʥ
ʥ֮һŮͻȻַַû˵ѣͻȻŲŲʵΪʲôҪСŮӣ
ٺ٣Ҿ˴Ҫʲôɣȫƾϲ뵱ʱ飡ַ˵Щһת˵Ҳֻǿò˸ˣ
Ӧһȴǳ
ַ˵ղ仰ʲôɴ˿ȴЩˡ
ַƺ뵽ˣ˿⣬Ҳͣ˵Ȼ²¾͸ˣ˵껰Ǵ󲽶ȥ
ùڵǾˣ
ߣôߣַЦһ˭Ҳ֪Щʲô
˲ǰ׾ôȵÿһ껹΢΢ЩĵҪЩԵģҲǺãڶĺö
ˣͿߣַ̧ͷһۣͷ˳ǣû˵ôһ꣬˳ŴȥһӰ
ɾʱУֻǰӰһӰվ֮⣬Ȳ⹫òѩ׵Եǹɷ̬
ο֮κλҲ𲻳ۼ˭Ҳ˼侹˾ɫ
⹫ַԶȥӰһۣͻȻ૵㲻ҪҵòôôˣУЩʧ
߳׵ַ飬ԣͷһۣȴ΢΢һ˿һƮ⹫ߣȻƯȻ˵ɣҲΪµôһҲ˷֮ˣ
˵ʱַû˳У
¹ɫĿַıӰһۣ½ڵ߰ɣĮĮ֮ǰַģȻͬ˿̵˪
ҳǰȥ
ַУڷǽֽƸ޶ʿĸʾÿŸʾϳΪ޶ʿĴԼ͵Ŀ޶ȼÿȼĴвͬ
ҸʾȴǼҹãֻ˽˾ַĿһɨֻ۵һŸʾдţ޻ʶƸʿÿٺ»ʮÿ³Σ˶޳ɹһٽ𣬾ʳԣ޻ʶ˽
ַ˺Ÿʾתֵȥſ
ǿУѭǰԶᵽһ෹߽ˣֻũΧһţڣƼݣַ˼ǰȥֻȺ֧ʮڴڣһϡ࣬ǰżʮ׳ֳֵǹ齾
޵һ긾ŮһкǺͷϸݹ꣬˫۽գС͸һǾδԶˡ



562 ޳ʿ
Ǹύմˣкãһɣġûһˣٶȥɾû
δ䣬һ˵Ҫ࣬ɰаԼǩˣΪһ޶ʿھѰȡ
ַѭȥԶһִӣҸһѾһ˴ɡһҡȣװ欣ֺһ裬ĭСЦеģһź
ɫηֺֻǩԼ⣬ǳɣⲻǽȥô
մЦֲ㣬˵⺢Ҳֿģ⵱ģͲȰȰˣ޳ҲһԼԼֻҪ޳ɹҲһܳģ
Ǹ˲ȻմˣҼҾͿҺӹûúӺ࣬ô
մ˷²豭ǰ㣬ϼһ˿Цܻվܻˣ
ǸһŴ죬ȴ֪˵ʲôźãǺһ㣬ӿۻţȴϸϸסɤԽԽũ絶űһɳƵɤ¿ˣԼǩˣҪȥɣ
ȺһɧһũֿˣƤڣ˫Ŀߵֺǰմˣ붷бޣࣿ
մһЦָũʮࣿ
ƨմһڣͦģİ壬Ҳܶбȥǰɣָ࣬ȱ󣬾׼³ɣ
ࣿũ͸һɰ죬͹˫߬Եһ󷢶մˣģһȥҶһһѵֵࡣ
մ¶֮ɫһָͷһ롭
ũһ㶣ҹҧյģ㣬̫ɥҪǴġۿ촽⶯ֻҪȥ룬պӡ࣬ԼϺݺһʱֻᣬһ̱ڵء
ãáմԼЦ㣬̯ɾҪˣ޳ڿˣΪ޶ʿ͸Ͻ˵Цũũ޲ɫҵ½ǰѺء
ַһԿŭգطֿˣߵǰմеСӣļҵģҪΪ޶ʿôŶӡ
Ҷ裬ЩȫңСүһȫˣַһץԼ˫һ֣ʮԼƬƬɵһɢȥ
մ־ŭ۽е˷ˣ˰򡣡׳ȻϣǹŪһѷΧ
ַƳȺūŶû˿ҲͨˣԸˡ
һץһˣӣϷһ㣬תۼ䣬ǰ֮ˣ˳ȥ׳޲ɵۣմ˼ƲתӣַЦһϣִ߸߾𣬸ǹϣЦ»ҪһתմͽǷ಻硣
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մ˻ɸ׳ţڵϣҲҶ
ַ俴һۣǰҨһ࣬ˣ͵СߣũϲĪлֹ
ũǶúˣ״һӵϣҺȣΪȺ󣬾Ȼ˴
ַƵôüͷҡ˾ܲһץһ֮ת䣬˫ְȵȫ˿һݺᣬ˲Ծͣ˴򶷣ַɫ̡
ַŶӺ࣬СŮȣΣ׳󡣡Ϊ壬Υ׷жȡֻ࣬˶٣ۿŷļȴԽԽ࣬Ƭ̼ѲǧˣδŴſ
ַźѹѹȺĵҲǸ취뷨СûһֱԼԱߵ߸СǳԺ˸
ǸӣȥǳҪΪ޶ʿ
ҪΪ޶ʿССľͿΪҳˣմСĿַګګ
㡭ַЦĿͻȻһãھʹȥ޳
ãõģմôҲ벻ַȻҪΪһ޶ʿ޶ѪȣԼҲе΢΢ЩѪ



563 ʿ
½ͳѰַ棬ûбԪ½ȵˡ
޳ĸ񶷷ʽǾǶʿʿпĲɱ֮ʧһҪ̨ϵ˴󷢴ȱΪھˣǻֽȥһЩ£Ǿζ
Ԫ½ϵĹϲ֣ǶѪܵĶ޳Ϲۣ޶ʿ޶໥ɱҰⲫѪĹū޶ʿѪлһҰĿС
վַԱߵǸüͷһҪΪ޶ʿ޶ǹȡȤĵطݣ뱻һūһǹۿ
ַüһƣתٺһЦΪҵݺܸ߹ڳ⼢̫࣬Щ޶ͻʳû취ҪǿˣҪһɣ˿ģǼӣԹţȥȥ
˵꣬Ҳߵ飬ֱӳȰڴȥڽŵʱ촽΢΢䶯һ˿Ŵմ˵ĶУȻỹѰһ˵ĳЩ޶ʿųҶȶǣȥޡ
մ˲˲ͷϵ亹ЦǵȻѵСĻڴ󾺼ȥôС򲻸ҵģͷĺˡֺٺһЦάˣҪ
ַ˷ۣһԽǳе޶ȫųΪһϣҵĶô
ȫųǰմ˽Ųһпӣǳҵģ޶е޶һȫųҪ˭ѹˣΪʲôҪΪ޶ʿӽ겻Ȼɷǡ
еĻɲй¶һȺǰ£һָЩʲô޶ôõʱ䣬ҲǼԴӿַֺ󣬾϶ⲻǵһǿ
ٴת䣬һСͶ޳ǰشˡ
ַһܣĵ˵ͷֶ޳͵ϹľЩͬΧһӵΣм䣬һĳء
ַλɸߵڣպܹȫ˵ͷַһŻֱȥͬһƬҶһڳ֮У˻֣ʾշ޶ʿ
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סˣʵԽǿԽãַǼţڵ
ɫһعæ˵ͷЦˣİɣ⣡գ֣һӦڵס
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ַ۾΢УһƲ΢ɲĵ˵ͷ֪ڴʲôע⡣
ײԽԽǿʮǿ׳ӰĴĺڰ߳ǰʮ󺺣֮ϣľ޴̺ۺȻ֣ʾεȲս
ʮ˳֣УѪ뱩Ϣ͵ĴǣַǵӴѪ뱩Ϣǰȴ̩ɽ˵ͷĵߣʮߣϧûһߡ
ַһǵʵЩ΢΢ԾĿ⿴ƽϣȴΣҲַǳǾ
һ˻Ƶмλ׳д㡭ǿıԵ֮߶ǰϣŵΣյϢǰĶֲġ
ˣǣǳеƣȻǶߣٴΣʤӭսһһߡЩַЩԾĲʤĳ
ΪȻٴսУֶܻ޳֮Уʲôƣÿһս²ٵ˺ۣ˲ȶϱ۲е޶ʿֻҪû͵ϳ
ףԴࡰ԰ܡľ־û̵ġ޳ϣƤ£洦ɼ˾Ȼսٳ϶жٵ˺ۡ
뵽ַ̲סԼҪԼǴˣս󣬻ܻܲҪ
뵽ּеЩˣ



564 
ƺǲַɻĦս͵ٳУȽϸߣһˣרŵΪˣڶ޳ĳЩ涨ҲֻһµƤ֮ˡ
ַȻĵ˵ͷЦŵմˣǲ⶷޳ǿ޶ʿ
΢΢һæЦŵ˵ͷǵģǵģҲֻǲֵ֣вһ䣺ҲֻҪǲܿȥ
ַβǼһ˼˲һۣȻҽǶʱκڳ㣡ȻҲҪͼߣӦţҪɱ㣬ܵһ
ǣǣСͳȥæŤһӣת˳ȥǸ޶ʿʾȴûӹַ۾ַЦһҪǻãˣ
ճַǰ޶ʿ˵ͷһƮƮһ仰ȴǹȴķڡ
Ҳ֪ЩʲôֻǣҪҪɣǰʮˣַ΢ֲһţʮָһţѱһ򣬿ɫȫ޶ʿ΢ЦֻҪǸңұܸɡ
ַͨЩԸԿһۣͻȻصĵ˵ͷֿ죬Ϣ³ܸɣָǵ
Ҵû˵ѣҲϲ˵ţţ͸ҡַʼ磬ת޶ʿң˳üûңԺǾˡ
ҡҡͷ˵Ȼˣϧֻϲɱˣ㾹ȻѾɱ㣬ɣ
˵꣬һƾַ˹ȥַ֪ҲͨˣһֻˣʵûʲôҪ㹻ĹӦַķ
֮УɱУֻԱѪɫľֶΡ
ַľٶȴǴϣȻվԭأʲôҲǻһ˿޵΢ЦۿһƼز
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ʱַɱĻӦǸõĻᣬɾʱһ󺺳˹ȥĵһȭһȭѸʯһȭͷХ֮
ȭͷٴλַϣɾͬգֲĸоرѹ֡
ȻַӰı䵭ֱʧʮ֮⣬ַӰֳ˵ʽΪֹûʱǶ棬˭ԣҲɱ
˵ǰַ֮Ļ׼޶ʿס˱֮ƣǻĵΪ޶ʿ죬ͱ뱣֤ǵİȫ֪ĺֶΣܸɣ
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ÿʧźĵӰͻȻݺҧҧ˳ȥͷģ͸ļһһأ޶Ҳֻǵ
˴ͷҲĹǣһһĽ˳ȥ
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ǰַɣɰΣžٲǰյףһʿסƣĮʲô



565 թ
ʱͻȻǰλҪͨ
Ǻ˿һۣҲ𻰣ֻЦԱһգ㲻Ҫ޳ţܵϹʲôæúܣйˣ˵ʲôطʲôҲܽô
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ڼʿһ˼æ븮ڡ
Լյ蹤ڽŲδЦ֪λ˼١˵䣬һ׳ӣ࣬ǰһףƮףҹĿַϣ¶ɫ
ַЦĿһۣ±޻ʶô
һ㶣Цǣʸţ
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ԳԾַ֪ȻҪ̸ס䣬ҪʸףַĿ΢΢ҡͷʮ
ĿתַʱɫݣͻȻӿһ󲻰ǺٺЦã˵˵Ҫ̸ʲô˵Ĳ⣬ߣ˭Ҳ뿪
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죬ǺЦƾմҾҲ
ַһŽⶪ۵ļһ߷ɣȻ⣬⡣
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ַֽǰҲһۣЦʲô
һ㽫ǮСϸ棬ȻҹĿ⣬ͳˣ
ַ˭˵Ҫ򣿡
ͷһַҲ͹ͻȻˣô
ַЦЦҵЩͬ
ʲôͬһ¶׹⣬ӿˣֻ⣬ɲҪΪѵ¡
ַӻһŸʾϣΧڣˣ˵ˣˣҲ̣ҿûʲôǿ¡
ǰ㵽ʲô
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쵰ǶҵūҪʲôǮݶ䣬˵䣬ʹɫʱ䣬Ƥ̵ߣӣһӵ
ôǿôַЦЦףʯһ޲ڶʿƽַӣ䶶ԲתӦƶ
Ϊף˲һӱĶ˽Źǣ׷ŶϽŵµϣҲһʱҽֳһƬ
ַЦǲϲˣ



566 󵨷
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н꣬̽Ժ󾪺Ⱥ궯ط׷ÿһ·ǹټҶһַֻ˫־һɽݲȣ˹˫ש飬ӡ
ڱԺļɽ˽Ŀɿڴֻеǹ׷׵䣬ַߵԺģЦ֤ˣλϸˡ
Ϊ׵Ĺٽû£ָ½ַ㣬㡭˰죬Ҳûһ
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λٴүַЦô֤˵أûٽ˵仰
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ոѹŻּ˹ȥַЦҲˣҲӦóǮˣϸ룬ҪǮҪ



567 书
ʱЩٱˣȻԹͷ¶ˣɷǵ⣬ʮŻˣеҪҪټȡ˽Ʊ͵ַǰ
ַ˽Ʊˣ꣬ˣţˣ޶ЩūҲһˣҲȥˣ⾭˿ǺܸΡ
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ūɽ룬ַһɽկȥɹݣ¼䣬һǧǿʣ޼ҺôʱҲѾ߱ˣ
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ѰˣɻѰʲô
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ַĻȻ÷ӡˣǰ֡õȴǻԵãַֻԣͳ˿п޵ĴڣҲһֱûùˣ
ַҪȫ⻰˵զ࣬Ѱ˼ҪңҲýȫҰ治ַ֪˿̵Щʲô
ȴַ֪ڵ൱ڼߣʳ֮ζ֮ϧкÿһ˿Ҫǰ֡ǿĶֶ࣬˵ֵһᡣ
ʱţַסֻܶоʱڶߵ
ַҲǴ۾ڵͣعУֻͷ˰ԽԽ࣬ȵȫðŰʱַֻ̩ޱȣƮƮɲԼһˣ֪ʱȫ̥ǡ



568 
ֱʱַչԹȡߣʱ˺ͣȻе֮ƣٸ˺֮ʣ£ġ
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ʱҰ۲չһԣᣬҪлȴַлһͳ٣ұذ㣬ѡܣӦ֪˵ĳһĵ
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ַһһͳ½ӺתУ࣬ң󺣣ߴ۾սưַܲƾٷ磬̾˷֪֮Уƣסӣַغ϶С
պ󣬽˸ڣֻⶥʯɳ֮УҲңޣַһɳʯȡ̳һȴһɰϸüŮӣճãʯպá
ȡʯ˼Ůӣĺ֪һ·ʯһ·Уƾ紵ɳҲǹˣ¹⣬ϳϸӰӡ
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ֱѰңѵѡ治ţԪ½ûߣǶʲôܡ
Ȼûȥھܵ˼ȴҪȥҵߣҪǰԼԼķӡ
ӡĳ־ֻǾʮԼҲûлָʵĿܣַǷҲġ
ΪڵҪȥԱҪ̵ʱ䣬ҵƳӡķ
һ뵽½Ҳ֪ӦΪԼңΪԼе
һʵ⣬һûߵĴ½˻еңΪԸ̶ȵıԼ
һûлԪߣ͵ͿЩͨǰưԣΪΪ
ַȴã⿴ƽûߵĴ½ȴһĪΣԼָܻʵΣ֮ǰû˿ķ
ԣΪ˻ָʵͱ벻һֶΣǧ裬Ҳȳ½ڱЩͽߡ
ȻͨǣЩ߽ߴߣֻܼЩ߽ߣƾַĻֶΣа취˵ǣԼڵǸӡ



569 ޲
ַһ·ɳʥʥŶǻаҵʱͻȻһɵѪζУַüͷһ壬룬ͣ
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ޣǵģģһŮǰ֮Ǿڷŭַ΢΢һ¼ӿ첽
һ䴦ַһĻĿѵ龰һĿ޵Ůӣʱĸɫ΢ڵļʿڵϣؿڵ·Ȼ˺¶Ƭѩ׵ļɫȹҲ𡭡
ǰһŻ۵ааЦݣЦӽմƽܣڵȻʤĹʵģ԰գѽ⿪ϵĻۡ
Χаٶʿػţлмһ佫Ȼ龰ЩģȴεĽͷƫһߣЩȫ޶ԣѾ˾ռˡ
ԼЩձȨ޳֮ͽԶأ˶٣ΪܿɶʮۼҪǰ֮ͦŮڣַһס֣
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΢һʾ⣬ΧܵļʿȻεʣ׼ַȻ˹ȥ
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ֻĵӰͻȻһٴγʱȻЮϵַ
ַһֵ΢ЦվŵƲֱһֵ乥ʱٿֺסϣֵ佫ֶŵһַ
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571 ǿ
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ַ죬૵ˣˣҲɱʿɱһ쵰ӣҪˣ
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ԶԶĴǵĽǼһﵽ׵ģסģģǵСдͣҲûдλүôģ̫ˣȻôʹǡ
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ַ뻳ȡһ򿪿ʱֻʮˣЦЩǮˣϲȥɡ
ɫһ䣬ֱ㽫ַǮǮضǣȵȻǸ㵽׷ʲôѹգƽ˵ãҪȳһˡ



572 ҹ
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573 ж
ҺַʱǿȣԶһͷħ޾Ƶġ
ħȴô࣬ζһе֣Ӹͣһ˺һ仯֮졣
ָ֮л֣֮ͣκʽܱ֮⣬⵱ħ޻书Ҳͷֻȷ쵻Ӱ
ַǺε仺ңšһԾϻæоЦԻαôŭСүɻˡ
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ױùˣҹʥ٣ɼƽʱѵأѹʥλԪ½Ĵ֮ף
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Ӽַѱ°Χˣ϶ַ·ӣȰ㻹־ܰɣĵζɲܡ



574 й
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ʱǺڼѸϵۼӼݵ⽣Ļ֮Уɫ䣬еãűϣһѸϵӵסԼĺ󱳵סЩ
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ַ֪Լʵȴ˵Ҿ˵ˣ˿ҲţֻпЦһô׾ܱܵģҪȥ



575 ʽ
ȴǰֹһʥˣ񲻿ϧ
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ֻ˵ЦЦˣҲĿԼסĵطʬأѪɺӣһæԸ⣿
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ѵ̫ԼӣЦѣѲʱýū߳ȥ
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576 
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кȻ̾㲻Ը˯Ҳ㣬Ҫſһҹ飬ҹģ壬Ժ˭չأ
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577 
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578 ֱ
У϶ŹΣ϶ЦݣЦݱȴҲƴֲӰ
ƺҲԤʲôҵҪ
ʲôҪ
˿ΪַֹЩ⣬˭Ҳ֪
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579 ҿʼ
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Ůʶ࣬ȻٺҲûУȶӵϻλȻٲȵĺôվԱߣΪַЮˣȴȻͣ
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ַԴЦݣȴ̾Ϣ˭Ҳ֪̾ϢʲôԼҲ֪ΪҲ֪ʲô
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580 ֶ
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581 ϵ
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㻹֪ĺܣȻ˭ѵô﷢֮ӳתۼͻȻΪһŻӭ
˲֪ӾȻʹֶΣֻԼǰһ棬˷ҽУе㾹ʹýٲô
ӵ˻ԡ𣬶ᣬʧЦģ˼һף㲻Ϸ磬ûʹ㴦·ʱвʹý֮
Ҫתչ֮ʣĿ⶯ֻһԶӴʱΪ֪˴Ӻζɫ䣬ƴӣ֪һ㣬һâ
˭ûʻͻȻǵâ壬ȴһ죬ӶȻһҽУԼȫѪ꣬ըʬ޴档
Ӱ俴һۣ漴̧ͷһȥһӰ˹üͷһ壬һתŲ
ַµˣĿȥһתü΢΢һ壬΢΢ҡҡͷ૵һ˾˭Ķأ˭ɱģ
վǿ֮£ϵۣҹȻ죬ĬΣַ̾Ϣˣ˭ĶӣֺαҪȥŪ壬ڻȥѾͷȳɣ
ͷһСūԾȥ
ǰʱַĿȥֻūСɫȴȥԶͻȻһ˿֮Цݣе뵽ȥ
вȥǣҪܡ
ôֻδ˵ַͻȻ磬סеѨһ̧ȫ
Сū󺧵Ǹʲô
ַ㻹ǵĹô΢΢Ц˭ֳеƤߣ¶һżƤ׷ס⾹Ȼһ˵ס



582 ٻ
һĻַҲ΢΢һȻ֪˲УҲû뵽Ȼһ׷ԲԵˣСǴʧɫ㲻ǴܹôΪҪٰ칫أ㽫ˣ
ܹȻƣ澪£׵˽ƣˣһʱ¡
Сū⹫ΪֹΪЩͬǲйڲʱǿܻԿͻ֮£ʵ̫࣬Ҳ⹫Щˣֻܾ˻ƣԾδ⡣
˿̽ūСȻܹܾ˴󵨣Ҽٰ칫Ǿŭ㡭ΪҪˣô˵
ܹԹĿַһۣͷַ΢΢һЦ˵ĻᣬȰ㻹ǿЩ˵ܵȻᣬԶܿڡ
Ҫ˵ߣΰɣܹҲҪȥõ˹į
ַЦԲһ¹ġ΢٣һЦֵΪӶѾˣȻ֪עλӣڿ¶ˮһˡ
СūĿɿڴӣô£˰ΣǷͻȻع˿֪ˣһһ٣ٻԭǺϵµɹ֮ʣȴλԭԭЩǺˡ
ַ΢΢Ц챻Ǻˣɲ٣˵ַܹЦ˵𣿡
Сܹܵʥһֱ㲻ΪҪ췴ѹҲסˡԽ˵ԽգȻһƣܹɵϣ˵Ϊʲô
ܹܻȻ̧ͷĿСĿɢһֻ޶ԹĹâȴȻ죬˵һ
Сͬʹ꣬ʱҲ򽻵ǰܹһЦδ˺ݶֻͷһͻܹ˻һƴȫһ㣬ַ¸
ַһԶܹѱСһƼ׶ıԣ˿̾һֻҰް㣬ȭߣűƣַҲմ
÷ңȻһڵģܹͻȻ¶ɭɭһֱַҧȥַЦһһᣬѪ
㡭ܹͨı£˿Ҳ޷ټӷ¶ֹױ֮ȴȻ˼ĺ
ַЦٰ֪칫϶Щͼʲôͼȴ²Ī㾹ٻʲôϵֻҪ˵ҾΪ㡣
ܹ˻֣˵
ַ΢Цҷ֣ʹǹƨˣȻ£ըܶѪҿҲ
ܹܵͺһҧгݣã㲻ң֪˭ȻᣬҪ֮أҪͷγ۾£һֻֻ飬ͷһι⡭
Сﺧþһסڡ㡭ĪҪ˵ˡ
ܹЦ˵˵ͺôˣֵΣ֣򡭡԰գٺЦ
С˵뾡ӣҲ㣬˵䣬Ҿ͡͡˵˵죬ᣬ˫Ŀж
ȴַˣȻ޶ԣҲ˵Īעӣ֮Լٰ칫ùݽӽӣд
ܹ仰һͻȻһе֪ڣŷԼ˵©죬ŭС֣㡭ҿƭһ
ַɫ΢䣬ƽͣ˵벻ǵļƻҲȥˣҵֶҲʶˣֻҪڴˣ˭λ¶ɹӦΪ룬˵ģ˵֣ǺֻҲˡƽȴ֮
ܹܴüĿ㾹ȻֶΣԼȥ飬ȥӦԺˣαҡ
ַͻȻ΢Ц㵱治ϵѵҪĻ˷ѵ˶٣ַ˵ӣһԿˣܴѣȴϳֺαΪˡ
ܹһ𣬵˲ЦС֣Ϣ䣬ңҲҪģһУҾܼƻģڰռƻУҾκƻҲûκˡκƻ



583 
ܹͻȻЦ죬ǧΰҲ֣ҲĹҪˣҪ£ؽԪ½ǧţҲϷһ̼֮š˷ܵһ죬˭Ҳƻ
ͻȻԻͳһƣֵϵʲô
ַ»ĿۣͻȻֻڵϣ̲ƵԽϸоССϣƺв֮ƣ仯ˣɷ
ַ΢΢ɫⲻôֻôֲһϢЩԡǿģȻܹܵһȴְԵ֮
ܹܵȻЩ۹⡣
ūȻϴ¼ȥʮֳ꣬ˣ
ܹߵɲͬӵƣҲȵݣǿ˵Ⱥ˭ٺ٣ҼӾǴȳĵһˣǻǿҰɣҲҪٻͬ³ˡ
ַȻ˭ɱģδˣͻȻһӰȴϢ
СūȻ⡭ǡ
ܹЦͽǷң˿ȴǳˡ⹬֮УҪӼˣڸղǶԴҵֶΣһġЦëȻ
ַĿת϶Щ˶ߣֻΪߣαǻ㾳磬Щ˻ܹܵ˭ڻûֳ⵹ַЩ˼ɣüû뵽ԶԼĻҪӣ
ūһüַӣ㲻ùǣֶ֪ͨ죬ȥɡ
ַ΢΢һ漴Цףͷ죬ȻǸңȻǶȥ;ϵ£ҿɲ˵Ҫһˡ
һַ꣬ȫһţٿ̧Ͼʯշַס߶ʮһɨһɨѸףֻһڣѱʯɨС
ʱӰɲϣַϣһȭڵ֮ϣȭ죬涼˿ϵʯ飬ɢعĵЩΧַ˵ĵͽߣֻһۻ°ĭʹȥ
һɨһˣЩͷһ뷢һǳ⣬ɢ
ַЦȲӣڿˡסʯɨһˣһȥ編ƣ߶̼䣬߰ˣվŵֻʣ
ַһЦʯܹȥܹ֮ǰַסͲַܶʯɫ䣬˭ַ֪һüЦڻܺɱ㣡˵ʯƫɨŹܹܣȴɨȥ
˶ǻڵߣʵ֮ǰ䵹αܱȵģһַʯձĿȣǹʯֻǺॡһʯǹཻǹ׷׶ϳأ߻Ѫ飬ȴӹһ١
ַһУǺһЦٲˣܹǰַܹܼߣϡ顯һѱһסܹܵʮڵأɫ԰ֽ
ַһܺ󣬿סܹܣһ֣ЦˣȫҹɣӸҽ
ڵ߷Żδȥļαߣַ޺޵еӣڴһ򡣡
ַüһЦСӱĲΨӲСȥӻ
ãС֣ţЩɫŭһ˱˴˲ˡ
ЩһߣַͷԽūС£ܻһǴǸ϶Ѱطغãܵ˵꣬һܹ׸˽ū
ūӹܹһ㶣漴ˣ㡭
ִַϵҲʲôã߰ɣ˵ɫͻȻһ䣬ҲƣӱƮƮȻ湬ȥ
ߣ㻹ߵȥʱһƾ𣬲֪ʱǰԶѾվ˸ˡ
ɫĳۣɫɴñЬ࣬Ҳǰ׵ģˣһ֮⣬ȫǰɫΪϣҲһɫס
֪Ľӽַһ˲
ۼַ湬ߣһ׷ȥ
˭ūǿͷ𾪣૵
ܹص˭˵ôǽ춼
ūǰҲ϶ȥ磡԰գͬС㣬ܹܣһƬȥ



584 
ʱַԶʮ⣬֪׷ͻͷȴȻһ˫۾
ǰ˾׷⵱ϡ
ʱֻǰЦ㻹ҪӣΪβͣһսȻ㶨ַĶ֣ȻҲˡ
УͻȻ磬ʮâַ˹ȥΪ㶨ַܣ˭Щâ֮ʣַһȻûһâ
ǰһУ㶣ŭһȻ٣Ҫǰסַɱ
ַһֻǰԽ׷Խˣַ֪ǶΪȴû뵽˾˵ַþַǰڲ
ͻȻ䣬ǰ浶ڵסַȥ·ַҲ룬ֱȵ
һֵ֮ǰһȵǷַʱַԵд˳ȥţһӰÿ˵϶ذ˸ӣȴùڵϡ
ֻǰŭȵõĴ
ڵʱַǰȫӰͬһ㣬ڹƮȥչŵļʿǵӰӶ
ַʱȴ¶һ˿΢Ц˵׷٣Ҿ룬ʱҲе㲻ˣȻл쾳壬ȫվǱӡˣܵãٶȻȲǾߡ
ǰ˼ַЦСӣʱ㻹ô
ַЦײĲᣬƢЦУͻȻϰһ˫ֻվԭһҲЦĿǸˡ
ַһģǰ˴ŭʲôͻҲڵ΢һֱֱԾ˹֮˵ܼ
˵ˣַưֱƮƮһ·ڴʱַУȴЮǧ֮
ǰգӲӣ˫һ˫ȭ촦ɨ˫Ŀʱ˿̣ɿߵĲͬϮضҪ䣬˾䲻ݷɲǼ䣬ץסǡ
һץֱ֮ȥַһ˻һѣҲһ֮÷˳ȥȻңշƮƮ¡
ü˪ַ㶨ͨߣȴΪҪԣ
ַüȴˣˡ
Щ£˵ģ
ַüһǲ֪ôҵģ
һ⻰ǰЦ˾ͺãߣֲ·ߣһ·һڶô˳ˣҲ½ƣӴԺΨǴӡ
ַЦһûе·ô
ǰ˴һۣʧЦýҪߵ·ܲ߳ɣ̯֣¶ţȻȫַ
ַбЦ㵽ĺܣٺ٣»û뵽羹ȻбһˣֻСװBͷ﷭Ǿѿˣ
ǰַƬ̣һСӣĪҪĥĥ䣬·㵽ѡ
ַ΢΢һЦ˵ôѡһʯֻˡһǧʯ̷˳ȥǳ
ǰ˳üһɫתƲԳԷƣӲָӳʯ֮ϣֻˡһʯеת
һʯתøٿ˫ּ䵯һԲȦַַ磬ݶƬĴҷɡ
ַվԭزȻֻ䡯һʯм裬һúõʯ񣬾Ȼһȭ˷飬Уеʯǰ˼ȥ
ǰ˴һʯδüȫɨ䵽˵ϣַٺЦʯȻͨߣһֻ¾ߵĻ֣Ҳܲˣ
ַЦһʶߵģߣСүʵָľǸСүЬҲ䡣˵ȴûͣ٣ݶϵһʯֶַ
ÿʯԽתԽٱ磬ȥǰɫһ䣬ЩʯƵòˣݶϵʯҲƵסǹɾǿ磬ǽ֨֨ҡҡ׹
䲻ݷʱַǣݳƣȺǰˣ϶ԼΪַ̫߳࣬ҽභ
⧲ƣ׻ôҲ벻ַȻۺһɸվֱθʱ໴𣬿ѪַϢһ֣Ҫٴγƣסͻ



585 
ͷŷһӰַ֣˫䣬Ӽףһ죬ˣͻȻڿдתȥһɶԶʵء
ǰ˲û׷Ϯ˲ǵһ˿ѪԹȻȻˣһͻȻһŨҵİ׹⣬ȫ¶档
ַһĻЦһ֣ҲһȭѪˣֻڲִ֮£ӲһȭȻվ˵һСˣ
ߣҲֹֻˣͻȻտһţһѷۺɫĹâһϣǵۺɫĹâĿʼ󣬺ܿһɢŵâıϡ
ַĿһЦˣԪ½Ȼܵõ
㾹Ȼʶû΢΢һͻȻһӣУЦããҲ˭ҽЦУڰУл΢һַ˹ȥ
šһһɳĽâĽסַӰ˹ַܷԲɶнš
ַ֪ͻȻЦҪ⽣˫Ȼһţ飡Ĳȴߣһ֮£ѽݶ˸󶴡
Ȼǰ˵һЦ˽ȥ
ʱǵâȻһݶ֮ϣֻȻ֮ϣʯ䶨䣬ǰ˼ߣ
һķ˰²ٻۼһ޹־ŭ·ļͽߵΧסӡסݶԼҲƺһӹȥ
ɾصһ˲䣬ȻǰһַӰʧԼ֮ͬУǰһƬܵĻ𺣣ֱֱ
ֵ֮ʣһ䣬ѩ֮У̹ǣת۽棬ʧʱַĶУôôçײ֪Ŀģ㾹ȻɵĸζΣ
󣿻쵰ôֹ⣿˵˿ǰѧ֮ʱҲмʶ󷨵ÿ󷨶ĺܣֵܵġ
ģȻ棬ϧûħħˣֻһЩʯ沼ˣɱı˺ܶ࣬ҪȻΪ˿㻹ڣַʱĴĶУǰһǰַӰ
תĿѸٵַɨɭΪʲôҪĪɣ㲻ɱңһתЦȻɱңֺαֹ󶯸ɸ꣬Ҫ˵̹Ǹã
ַЦЦʵҲɱ㣬ʵɱ㣬ٺ٣԰գַӰͻȻʧ
˲ַ֪ڴʲô⣬Уʵܣ룬ͻȻҧи⣬նԹһʹ㲻һ֮Ӧ֪´ң͢⣬ìأзҲֻһƱ䣬ʱʥرǰµ̽ȵʥţٵȻñѹһͳԪ½ʱͬ񲻴
ַɫǲ֪ЩʲôĵЦ㵱ĳ̰ͼô
ɫһȻװʲôˣûе֮ģǱʹʲôһʲôһ˵û˭ţ
ٺ٣µ£ģ㻹ںúĥôɣַЦһһ䣬ƮȻһ֮ϣ
ô˵Ҫˣеİ˵˾仰Ӷˣδ񱬵ЩþϮȥ
ɾôһŪǰɫٴδ䡣
Ѿǻ𺣡ɽһƬޱ޼ʵɳĮĿһƬɫһǽ֮ɫ˿ʼƶŲǰߵĺ
Ȼ·ӿÿһ̤··ƣÿһĿҲŨҵ
ֻоӿɳһ˽һԼȻΪǣȻ֮£վޣС
þǰһжǻþӦСӵ֮УһһεԼǣȻ޴֮£Ȼе¡
ͬʱҲû뵽ַȻò󷨣򶼲ϵģȻֻһ󣬵Կͷ



586 ͣ
Ȼ󷨣϶ģҵƻӦþͿԳˣһСĿʼ֮
һﵽСүôƵģַ۾ǰʱǰڵϣڵϲͣţѰ󷨵ģ۾Ҳ΢΢ϡ
Ϊʱ֪֮У۾һжǼٵģֻȫƾԼĸоԼʶſҵģ
һ󣬰ƺʶԼͷӬһײҲһ취ͣվԭһ
ͷƬ̺Ȼһ̧ףһۣݺһҧ˸ʲôķ˿ӭѪһ˶Ե
һͻȻлһѪӿȫѪ֮УʺѪⶸȻһɲǼתΪ˰֮ɫ
֮ŻѪζʹַŵһַеİһۣɫ΢΢һ䣬૵һﾹȻǸаޣ治֪쵰˶˻꣬Ŵﵽ⾳ģ
ַʱȴǺް취ֻܿЦŵ˼ʩ
ѪɫѾתϣһ죬ѪԼϣҲ֪ʲôǻҲɰת죬Ϊͬɫˣ˴ʱԲ԰Ѫࡣ
ɫһһͳһźɫķ䣬ŷںڷЩʲôţŴС֮лУ·䲻ʲôһΣ֮ĶвҲ֮ɡ
˫Ŀŷ䣬пʼ͵󣬵ɬѶǻ֮Уһɭ֮˸еĺ
һʩչˣַȻݣԲзѪΣҲ֪Щǽƴˣַڿġ
ַ뿴˾ʩչʲôʱǰ˿еӿ࣬ǹɭ֮ԽŨ
С֣һҪ㣡Ŀкһ˵һĻˣлУͻȻһѪѪиֳһƺɫѪ˿ЩѪ˿һǻƮȥ
ʼЩѪ˿ֻһظ֣ûѪ˿ͿʼʮʮϰĴѪӿ˳ȫɶ˻ĳ˻
תۼ䣬˻͸죬ɢŹĹâһĻ¶ϲɫ
һʩչֶʱԭڿеĻȴͻȻҫ֮غڹ⣬ҵͲѣԵüȶ
һĻ˸¶ϲɫʧˣֳ־֮ɫæŤͷٻͷǻʱη֮ɫ˼֣
¶Ȼ֮ɫͺ³صݺһҧԼ⣬һѪ絽л֮ϣ˲ŴһǿھѪȻھѪ
ڸ˲飬һУıһѵɺѪɵɢž˵Ѫɷ֮
˵¶˿֮ɫٳɵץ𵶱ϣֻ˻ӣ˿ûԣȴ¶֮ɫ
˵һۣԽ緢һХ˴ĻΪһ޴ѪţȻܿȥһХӴ˵ϴųĺâһ
˵ʮɳľ˺ɫâһַõıȻıնһ飬¶һͨ˼ϲɵһͳ˳
ȥȥɣһԱߵַһЦһ֮󣬾͵ַͷɸߵĵطһкѪɳĺɫâӭͷ¡
㾹ȻҶҳַ֣ٺһЦһգڵذ֮ϣҵʯмһУ˶ʱΪһӰɿ󼲱ٶ֮죬ת۾ͳһ׵㡣
ڲܣַЦһ붼û룬ֱһһ㣬ŰݵķٵıȥһʱʱʱɱˣԺɱˡ
סСӣŭһҹӰԾ˳ַǰ棬ַһۣͻȻΪһٴγʱַӰѾڰ˵ǰ赲ס˰˵ȥ·
ٺ٣СӣѾˣһЦͻȻԱߵĹȥ
ַһЦǰʱͣɣ
ַ̧ͷǰȥֻǰһְеϣݵЦš



587 
ַûܹܾȻйûвֶΣУɵͣЦô
һץУЦô죡
ַݶĬƬ̣ãһһŹйҽĹ㣬ýôߣร
ǰ˵ƾ
ַüһѵҪĲɣϻ˵ǲ
ǰ˱һƣʱһӣЦããԸһԾŶ·ſйַַһֻȥӡ
ɾʱͻȻһַһ֮ƣԭźܶı仯ַܣı仯ɴʱַȻܣӲӭȥ
˭֪һַϺ󣬰ֻ֮ǧٸСһ㣬Ӷʱ飬ַվԭûԼȴǺһΣһѪڶɲǼ䣬ַֽȻ㡭
ٺ٣СүôģԭַѴ쾳磬˿˿תݣжȥԷȭܽתأ˵ַȻ⣬ܵܵϮԱн˻ȥ
ʵ̫͹ˣºݶĿַһžž죬Сݵأһȣ΢ᣬ֮һţѾʧԭء
жݵ˱ʣַ΢΢һ㶣˿𾪵ĿſտҲĵ档
滹ǿ棬жϸСķ϶ûһǰȴƾʧǰһ޶ܽ𾪡
ʱйͻȻ˹Ŀתַϣһһ𣬷һ鳲һͷײַ
ַЩ˵Ķݵ¼ͻ뻳Уѣ鼱΢࣬һУסйû°ɡ
ȴһᣬ޵㡭ȥˣҡΪˣ
ַԼ¶̬֮ޱ⣬̾˿أ㶨جˣ
ʵǰ˺öΣμˣΪλȴҪɱңܹȴңһΡ㡭
ַؿڷ̣˵Щ£ģԸ֪Ҫܵ˲źáʵУ벻ʱʥлϹԼУʥҲֻвʸλˡ
Σ˵ҲҪҲҪ㣬ҾļҪҪǵ˹Ժ¶ˣͼˣ
ַʱ£ҲЩ飬ȫͷ֮УðβŵˣЩڲ˵ȴһʹ°ɣʱʹҳһˡ
԰գгţѰýūСʼ͢¼ʱʹ͸ıƵۣ֮ʥŵ۹Щ£
ַڻʹգƽʹеĶңεЩͷʦǿѹǿѹֶΣƽʥصѱ䣬˵Щ¼ף¶ˣ򰵣ıơ
ַ˼ܣзЩ˲޷óѣЩҵ£ַ裬һټƣ˼䣬Ҳͷ綷Ϊѡ
¹ת˲ֱ£ַƾĻıƽʥζ֮ʹʥİ°
ַİ£Ȼһģ˳˳ŮЩ¼׵ַܹᵽԼڵķ䡣
⵵ӹ£ҲΪԼ¶ŬˣֻдܹܵĿУַп֪ܵЩߵĴ档
ʵ⣬ôҲַһĲַֻдҽУȻַķҺʹࡣ
ַŻӲܹܣЦͷֻǶָʹĲˣͣ£Ҫֻûˣ񲻵ʹȥ
ܹܴ˿ɭɭַ֣ŪңҲͳһ
ַ̾Ϣ૵ʵǸˣΪʲôҪˣ
ԣܹܰһҪˣľǻת֡ۡ˶ôģǸħһʮĶħ
ַ޹״⻰ɾˣһֻǶָ˵۾ӣŶû˵Ƕȥˣѵϣô



588 
ܑܹȥġˡʺ־ɱӣӻ᲻ü裬Ȼǿ
ַЦֻұҪͷԺҲˣ˵𣿺٣ͷٸһ£Сүֻ뽫ʥŶǷҲǸӣ
ַȻЦȴһֱעӵܹܣؿ¶׹⣬΢΢һϲǰ˵滹ʥŶǣûȥ
ܹҧַͻȻ΢Ц˵ˣţҲֻȥֻӦѡʲôأƤʱɼ׵µһѱƤֳ룬õֿƤ⣬չһ˺̫֣Ƥͼ֮仹һͣ÷ֿţС
룬ֵַնȰмпҪٶϰ㲻һӾնԺ󻹻ѣùһʱŻ˵һȥ֮˳κ󣬻ܻŵУմѪдˣֲֻ̫ˣţҲáַÿ˵һܹܵɫͲ԰һ֡
ַҪڣܹܲȻ㲻ˣħҪħ
ַȴֻЦЦĬĬĿ
ܹܿ־ĶַַһӽǹεѹԽǿֱܹϢĸо
ַôԸַܹ֪ܲὫնǰƤҲֻ֪Ϊ֪Ÿ־塣
һַ붡׻һ
ַٶȸӻ𣬲ʼҡڲٳû¡
ܹܺѪӿҲʼһԲַ֮ʣͻȻҴиϻӣϵķʽϻӺֻܸҸ
˵ãҲôˣַ֣һʿӦַȥܹܵķϻӣʿȥܹܵԷ
һᣬȡһϻӣַ֮ϣ˳ȥַӹϻӣҪ򿪳ͻС顯һ죬й֮
ַ󾪣ͷȥȴһ׵ϽѪܹͷѣˡ
ַһû뵽ϼһӸңټַ֮ǰ˵ЩȻ޷ܣַ֮ʣһͷײڵϣһַǰ˵նƤҲҪΪ֮ĵˡ
ϼһﾹȻԼŵɱˣַüҲû⣬漴ϻӣһֽ뽫סַϵİﶼд
ҹַݶưǶ򶫷ϸ㣬ͻȻݣʱţȻַľֹȴֲÿѯʡ
ٹգһգس¶㣬ƿţ룬ȴްӰңϿ֣һأңһزϲôϦˣ̻ȻȴΪԸһ֮ա
ּɷ裬ַּ˰ΣһɣװĽǿĶڵϵɷ顣
ʱַ˻ʹû뿪ʥŶǣܹǵõϢҵһҾ¥Ȼס㣬ǰӦþ⼸գͻᣬȻһͬȡ
չ󣬴˼Ҿ¥ȴǽˣʲôҲû˵һֱ¥ϵһ䷿ȥַһȻȥ
ַ߽䣬Ϣľǽеļ϶ȥֻǴʱĸˣֵַǸҲУһһ˿ڵûô
һ̾ϢûУ
Ҳͬʱڵб䣬ʧˣ
ȿڵһĬȻ˵ɸǵ񣬶ʧˣ
ʲôҲû񣿡һ󾪵
˵˵ͷ¾㱸˭֪;ɱһСӣһ溧ˣҲͻزˣ˶ֵѵһڵţͻȥɣ
Ȼüͷ壬Ҳ˵ͷһ˵ұг²˳٣ھͶ˵Ҵͬʱ߳
ַҲ͵͵˴һᣬ¥ӣϳ򱱶ȥַ֮ǰͱ˳ӣоҪŪȵһʲôڣпܣڽ֮㣬Լϵķӡ
гһַ΢΢֣һļܺĳӳǰʱݣŪĳӣǺ׵ġ
ǰĳԶȥַ복ӣһ·Ǳȥ



589 
ĿɽλԪ½ں֮䣬ļΨشǣμ
ַշת࣬Ŀɽɽţɽ棬ľףɽתһȦȴٿӵӰ
̲סѰ˼ɽµӣɽϿʲô·֮Щֻ˵ɽȥȴδʲô¡
ַǽʧϼĪǸˣܣԼһ·ˣʧӰѵʲô󷨲ɣ
뵽˴ַͻȻӻͳһ֮ģȥ¶ּдţ˿ߣؼУʧ·֮
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ַֻӰϦӳ£ʺ㻮նɽУԼĪٷѹɽɽɭɭЩ⡣
תɽ䣬ֻˡһ·Ӱ
ַһ̧ͷǰŷԼʱһɽڽɽɽڼȴһ߶ɽ϶ֻɽ϶âڣϸ̽ѷ֡
ַͶɽ϶ֻһƵ¶һַͨɽ϶֮ؾ֮ˡתֲȻʵ֮󣬻ӦСһĺá
뵽ַ֮ͨ󣬲֪ͨɭİʪޱȣַüͷԼĪյʱ֣ͻǰһȻʣ֮
ǣɽˮ·绨һ塣
ֻɽ϶ͷһƬ߼ʵɽȣɽϱԷδ䣬Ϫһ˿ƣϪ԰·䣬ֳһ⻨֦ƣƽ
ɾʱַĸԼǰУ΢΢һĸһҲսҺԼûϣ
ɾʱһͻȻͷһۣһ屳Ȼַɫ䣬ٿأиһˣתɱȥ
ַĸһܣʵ󲻽⣬룺ʲôܵӦҲŶ԰Īȥа֣Լ治µģˣ
·ӶϣеǲҪܣлҪǣ
ĸ˲ͣĸ졣
ģȥһңԼΪԼӡַ˼׷ȥ
ַʱܶṳ̂ǣٶҲ˿϶٣ټȣַһʱ޷׷ϣֻӰ࣬е÷۳㣬һӶ
ַаʱͻȻǰһͨǰ˽ŲͣУַҪȿڣ̧ͷɽ޴֡ȡ
ַȣȡĪסɣһɣҲ⣬ͽС
ɵ֮ʱʧȥ˵ӰӣдǸ쵰Լǵĵ̣ҪǰԼӡǧˣˣԼҲܷˣ
Ǽӿ첽ӣԽԽˡ
Ĺȵ߰žĹȵУַĽŲʲôҲûУ˰ΣַͻȻͣ
Уһ˺ˣֹǰ䱸ǡգĽ̤ˡ
ǳַģַ룺ĪתأڰͨгֶԸԼ
ȵۼǰǹĽŲԽȻһӰֳֻ˵ǶУ߲㡣
ַĿȻڰʮɣȴ˲ĸˣλߡ
ǿصڵϵַɱǰ˵Ϊʱһʱ˭ôˣ
߾ȻŻƶΪַ֮ǰα쾳Ϊֻ̫أ½һ磬ɲַӽġ
ǰʯϣѣԭǺΪѣַǰһŵ˵ĺأʱû˭㡣ˣȻ˵أѵŻ쾳ĸ֡
ߺȻصϷǡԪϡ껺
ַؾԪϣ
ԭԪ½ĴУкֻ⺣бߵֱΪ䴴ʼ۾ʱֵܣһ죬һ˾껺ˣַֻ벻Ȼ
Ҳ벻˵߾껺⣺֮ˣ



590 Ⱥʱ
ַԼϣֻǰѪһ˿ݺύǷֲ۱ǿڶֲ쳣
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껺΢϶˵аа˵⼸֣Ҳ
ַаʲôа
껺ͻȻһҵĳ鴤ַҡͷ룺Ǵ˿Լʵܱϵǽޣȵһγ鴤Ѫʱͽ̾ǰʲôԾ˵мΪɡ
껺۾Ϲǰ˭ַ֪ǷˣַⷬϿֿĻ˻ɤ¡Ĵ͡˵а
˵˫͵ץַ죬⡭áʱǧԺá
һҵҡֹһҲ֧ˣ˫Ȼץַ죬·ܽе˲ź
ַ껺״ңۿʪῪ˫Ѫ˫֣ڵϡ
껺Ŀַصĸ£ŭŵƤǰ㰲ȥɣһ㽫Ĵ
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ƾԼĴʹĴţȴ֪ΪҪа⡱ĸ֣аһָĳλ֣λ־껺ص֡
ݸߵԪ߳ȣеʲôأԪ½ûߵĹ£ַЩ²⣬ֻǻǿߣԼҲҪСˣɱߵĺ󳾡
ַ뵽˵ֶΣе㲻⣺Լƽӡ治֪Բԣһʯᵽڷúվڶںʮ˵ڴ˴Ϣɡ
ʱҪַ˳ѲܣΪַһȣͨʧˣ˵ַҲǸС֮ˣ̧룬룺ȻⲻϵķӡҲҪŪȵĿ
ȴпסһλɱ˲գ۵ħͷֻҪԵĲͻὫС
ͨɳͷȻʣվСľͷַ̧ȥ
СľͷȻһţ֮һƬԨһף֪жԿ϶ģ֮ͨ˵ȥ϶ʬ޴档
վڵ֮ǰԼԿɽ֮һׯϵΰַŵǰص֮ò֡
ӭλӣȴûпİ˰㣬Ҳַһۣǰ˹ȥ
ַߵһ˱ȭλ磬ܷһǵˣ
̧ͷַûһ㾪ȵı飬ҲַôУҡҡͷ̧ǰȥ
ֵַҿȥǰ濴𣿡
ҡͷһԣַ룺Ī˶ӣ׳գ
ģǾȻ˵СүԼȥôйΡַ˹ȥ;ˣǶַδãַơ
ϣܳ赲һԼϾԼ˱˵ĵ̣˳赲Լģȴ֮һһ·ͨޱȲЩ
߹ĽڳǰֵֵǣŰ߶ȴޱȣĴ֮ǰ˼ϥĻĲݡ
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Ŵ󿪣һ۾֮ܿһҲûκζԵÿյޱȣֻյУ͸Źɹ죬ھַԥǷҪ֮ʱ
һֱƮַ˶УȻѾˣͽɣҿԹˣһ꣬ͻȻԶ£ȻҪһ
ַüͷһ壬һҧ˴
֮УֻһˣӾȻһĹӸ磬Ҳһ£ֻһ£ƺһ˿ûС
Ѿܾˣ⹫ӸַЦţЦ洺⣬֪ģַȴϸоһɵΣϢ



591 
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һֱַ࣡˾ǸΣյȻʵδָ֮ǰʵ֣ˣҲ
ַʮ֮Զʱ⹫Ӹͣ˽Ų̧ͷ˵㻹ǵһҲĿˣĵȷʵЩϣȻٺ١⹫ӸȴͻȻЦ
һᣬŵǰ·Ҫô˳ңҪôܼ򵥵ѡ񣡡˵Ȼ赭д˵ȴޱȡ
ַɫ΢䣬漴Ц˵ǲоԵİɱң
ţԣ⹫ӸȻƽޱȣɻȴɱȻ
ֲһ·ͨ裬ԭһֱڵңַɨһۣ˵ʵȻ׽͸ַҲ׳ԡ
ǹӸҪȻΪôõô
ַЦҲã˵ĵطǱ֮ʮٱĵطҲȥ硣뵽ǰʥĹأĵط֪˶ٱ
ǹӸһ۵Сķͷϻ˵·㵽
ַ⻰˿壬ЦʱһҪ죬ˣѡɡ
⹫ӸЦΡתһ룬ֵҪʲô£
ַҪһ£ʵ¿ߣòֹһܡ
⹫ӸŭСӺôĵĪǺƣ˵
ַЦ߽Ϣã壬Ǻú̸̸
⹫ӸŭЦ룺Ԫ½δ˸Լǰɣ˭վԼǰ˵ĪСر𡣡Ĭһᣬ˵̸ʲô⣺ٽ֪
ַϯضָŶĵذ壬ЦҪѼҺˡ
ǹӸɷǡһƨСĵ޳ܣԼң⵽˭ˣǴ˵е
ַԹɫ΢Цߣ߶¸أһܺãΥ֮¡
⹫Ӹһ㶣ĵС˵⻰ʲô˼ڷôҾſ㻹ʲôãȻ᲻жʮ߰˿飬Ӿġ
ַдã֪ȴɱ޹Ȧ࣬ⲻʧʧ˵˵ҽΣ
ȦࣿС֪ĲֻٰǺ񲢲ǹĴˣˣӦֱҡͷʲôȦ࣬Ѫˣ񼫣Сӣ˵Ҫ
ַ֣أʥŴ½ûһߣǴ½ϵߣϳʥŴ½ɱˣʵ㻹Ʊ粻ɡ
⹫ӸȴЦλ޴ǣӲҪ˵Ȧ࣬ʲô취磬ϧ½ϳ⣬ûˣȻ֤ҵס
ַô˵㲢ʥŴ½Ȧ֮ˣ
⹫ӸȻǣСӣңõ˶٣ͻȻģ˵ôϻ㻹û˵·㵽ѡˣ
ַ˵һһԣ˵꣬ƾ޾ݹ㣬֤Ȧ࣬Ըκ𷣡
Ըκδô⹫ӸЦã˵ƽϲķڷлһ䣬ǲֻȭͷˣ
գַ
ַ˵ʶԪϡ껺ô
⹫Ӹһô껺ˣѽ̶ʱӦʬ޴棬´󵨵˵ʶѽ˺ǹӹĴˣѶδ֪书г
룬ΪϹĴߣöʥŴ½껺˺һˣ
ַЦҿ㻹װ⣡̵겻껺ıȴһʱǰ಻ţ
⹫ӸܿҡͷҲš룺껺˽Ų̽ȵĵϸشٶ̶̶ɹ㣬գҲҪˣΪȻĸߣǿѪ֮Ȼ޷ٻ
ȴδϵ껺Ȼ̶ǡ̶ʯסûе̶Уټ껺ǿʵǣֱȵмַѪ
ַЦҿ϶˵ţĪ֪껺Ѿȥ
⹫Ӹɫ΢䣬룺СӺоҪҲΪʲôڻûֵַԭЦô֪Ĵ߲Ȼ˵š
ַͷڳһӦǡڻͳǿ
⹫ӸԵ⣬Ȼģ



592 а
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⹫Ӹĵ˲֪ô᲻֪ǹĴΪ˵ֵʥŴ½ٻʥŴ½ߵƣֻôַϡ΢һƺܣ˵ҿ١
ַԥݹƣ⹫Ӹû뵽ַôЦСӲԺҵ£ǲˣ
ӵһȻӬͷ֣⵹ˣᵽУ䲻껺ûȥȻԪ½ǰ£ȫˣСӾԲ֪Щ֮¡
ַڻȦô
˭֪⹫ӸͻȻŭƨƨ˭˵Ȧˣʵ㣬ʥŴ½ߵ棬ʥŴ½Ҳģ˵Ȧ࣬ɾʹشˣ껺Ϊʲô
ַҲ˵껺Ѿȥǰҡ
⹫Ӹһʵʲô
ַҪҽҪ͵Ĵĸ֡
⹫Ӹ΢֣
ַصĵа⡣
⹫Ӹգգ
ַĴô
⹫ӸĴһֵ˵ʵڵĴһָͷˣǹĴЩϲҪ֪⣬ǰһ˵ǵ֡
ĴַӸѹĿ뻹¡
ǹӸЦ㻹ҪʲĪٹĴЩԣ
ַɫһׯصУһҪĴ
˭֪⹫ӸͻȻЦһкϣȥ
ַӵУǹӸֵûˣ˼С̸ãҲԵΪϴһΡ
ַһΪϴ󻹲࣬УԺҵĻƴӣΪҲǲɡ
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ˤϵ˰ˣһòŮӣ⹫Ӹæǰֻǰ·Ѫ͸ʪΣһ̣Ӹ缱ʵô£
Ůū˵ġˡ
ʲôˣŮūֻ˵֣һûϣԲ飬״ҡ
⹫Ӹŭȵеūȥˣ
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⹫Ӹ羪ʣ˭
Ⲣˣˣˣ꣬лһʮŮеһֵ䡢աĴڴˡ
⹫ӸԾУЦĴȫˣ
ʥŴ½ռô꣬ҲӦûˣһֳĬǰа׹һһǹӸ硣
ʥŴ½ǻǲ֪⹫Ӹ˫Ŀţһɫĵ绡б
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ԣаϢֲа壬ѵаķߣͻȻʲô۾һȳ
ߣΣ֪˲ݣܲ㣬ھȻɱ˵ӦýôźãӸͰȻ
ȻֻаΪʤ⼸𣿡ֻΨһŮͻȻ
Բ֪ˣһ꣬⹫Ӹ羹ȻѸײڶ֮ƣȳ֣⧲֮£֮ˣλߣΨһŮӣ˾Ȼնɱˡ
ã̫ǿˣˣȻԽϣԽһβԣһ˦æˣѸٵ⣬Ů΢΢һᣬŻΪһݶȥ
ô׷ȥһɱǣһȥǹӸȴվԭһҲЦѣַ⿪ڵ
ɱʲô˼ƾ׵ݡ⹫ӸһЦߵ



593 
ַȴпɲİɣֻҪĴ֪аϢһɱ˻һӴһհȴƫƫż˲ɱǻȥͨ籨ţĴ֪ǿߴڣǲ
⹫ӸĿַһۣС͸ʲôҲ㣬Ҿǣ
Ǹ׳գ˭ַ֪⻰ͻȻԶɣɱЩˣĴ˿һʱ£ΪǻʵȴǼ˷˻ȥⲻ㵨ôٺ٣Ҫˣ
⻰⹫Ӹ׹ͻȻߣֻҪǸһɱһ
ַһ۵ðɣҿΪҲα쾳磬ղֻЩССϺɱˣ´ĴʱҪɱɾûôˡ
ǹӸЦĴ˺գԴӱռʥŴ½ϮʮˣһβñɱĶӡ
ϮʮˣַаԹԣֲÿʮ꣬ҪʥŴ½ӵлԪػߣΪֵǰĴϮ
뵽ȻߣʥŴ½ȴû߳û֪佫Ĵ˻ˣеԱҲʧ
ַʵÿϮΣ
⻰⹫Ӹ羹Ȼһʱ𲻳ȻĲء
ַһӡܻ˵λֻ˼ˣ´ˣܹȫ𣿡
⹫ӸסһƬҡ
ַȻĴ˲ִٶ׼ܣ´λԪϼڶٺ٣ƹزסˡ
⹫Ӹ羡ʧ̾˿˿ĴϮʱȶȻأֻӳ˯ʱܽĴ˸Ͼɱ
ַһ㶣ֻһ߷㱾ڣ
ʶһ±塣⹫Ӹɷַ׹ֵ˵ùԹ򣬱ҳ飡԰գΪһ
Уһ㶼ַӵȥġ
ַЦһֻܽ׷ȥ⹫Ӹͽַһɫǰ
ǹӸɵϵһģѿһȹСţȻһһվʾַȽ
ģ쵰Ūʲô飡ַڴæһۣͨһƬ֮дӿеŵӣַƤ΢£һ˽ȥ
һȥκַĿ¶һ˿ȣ˴һػ֮أֻһɴķγУȵĻ֮档
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ֻŨŨĻУһ߸Լʮɵľ޴һˮƵĻ쾧һ
ߣǣīƬ⣬Ŀ׶¶ʵڿɲ֮
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ΪӴ׶ԾΪȻӡӣڸ֮ŨǿҪʵˣһľϢ
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һͺͷħӰʧһǳǻ롣
֪࣬ϱ˷ӡʱѻΪħ޵ĹӸͻȻڵҲʵ㣬ҿ԰ϵķӡǽթ黫֮°˷ӡ㲻ңֶԸң֮ǰ÷ĲС
ַ԰Լӡ΢΢һ󣬿ڵҪҷʲôԣ
ٺ٣ϵԣֻһ֣
˵֮ģַɫ΢䣬

̫ˡַɫұ䣬ͻȻЦԲܣûɵԣһᷢôһˣСĺã
˿СȫӡˣҲ˵ǲ֮вԼԺҪһˣַǻҷԡ
ߣԣôĳ⣡վڻͷħޣȻ̳һźӣ΢΢˲仯Ϊһѷĩϣһ˿׹



594 ָʵ
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ͷħһĵҸһԿԲ뽫۳ȥһЩĴȳ֮ζķ۾ַǰ
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ǴʱǿţǾԲִµġħĺһȻ֪ﵽʲô磬Ǹһļµĸо
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Ȥôٺ٣ȤҲֻ㣬ӦòôɣַҲȫʪãһͷħƣӣҲΪжġ
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ַ˵ͷʶţҪɫұ䣬ݸֱ죬ģˣˣЩ˺ˡ
˵ַЩסˣ૵Ӳո˷ӡûüָʵЩϰɡȻ˵ַȴͷħ޲䣬¶һ˿Ц⣬ȡһѪҺ
ָֻʥҺֻʣһˣǲҪҺָʵģ˿ǿţҲֻʹˣ


595 ѱ
ͷħַĻҲһչʶɫҲ΢΢һ䣬ȴ֣֪ЩСˣôҽӶĪʲôɽɡ
ʱͻȻŲŵŲַ֮ͷħ޶΢΢һתȥȴЩ˾ȵİˣҲȵ¡
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ڤߣַ֣һ
ʱȴͻȻЦ㻹ЩɫȻϵóֶΣ
ͷħ߳Ĵͷʲôϵ
ǿЦ֮ŭȵ㾹ҽмΪͷߣӵС
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뷨δˣֻͻȻһ޵Ĵ˹ˣˣӲӲѾˡ
ͷħǳԽʯһϱһ޴ʯբ·ϣַʯբ󣬱򾲴̲࣬סʵʯբʲô
ͷħһǶʯһƵģ
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ͷħͻЦ浱ǣߺߣ˭ˣҲ塣һ꣬еЩ˵ӾȻת
Щչ䣬ѽַͷħΧסմȴպݶأ粻Ҫһ㣡ʽ϶ࡣ
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ݼʽпŴ¶Ҳֻ̾ϢһὫ֮Źһʱ䱻ǱƵæҡ
ַƵ˫üһ壬ͻȻг֣ϢУһһǵ㵹Ȼ䣬ԶһУХͻƿռ䣬ֻѿڵˣȻƲЩ˵ɫԼǻϲ
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ˣֻҪʶǿй֮УȻ󷢶ʶ籩ѣͷħַһۣ˵Ĵͷʶ籩
Уһĵų˾֮ϢֱɫعâǾ֮Ȼ˹ȥǾ΢ζ֮Уʼת˴ĿĹâ



596 븹
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ַʶļ룬Ǿʱһ֮ڵҲ𶯵ĸˣ֮ͬʱͷħ΢΢һ»еĻһӷ
Щ滯Ϊ֮ʺ棬Ǿڣ龰ħ޺ַһۺһ˫һʶƬ˿Ĵһ´͸˻棬ֱӲǾ֮ϡ
һȥǱʼħһ˫һʮָٵһεʺѪҺ͸棬׼ȷ֮ϡ
ʱУ̶էͬʱʶ籩ҲѾγɣֻʶγɵ˿УһµϸС绡Щ绡ϸ֮ӲӣѸ֮С
ħ޵ѪҺ󣬻Ѫʶ籩ཻĻ֣ħȴɫ֣صһ㣬һѪֱֱ˱֮С
ۡۡ촫
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ʲôܵɲֿܵܵԼӼٳĿзȥַɫһ±ò԰Ѫ
֮ڣЦһһӾͽַ˿У⵹û뵽ô׾ʰ˵ַӰӰѾ׽º¶֮ɫĻ˫Ŀ૵СӿҲûʲô˲𣬿֮ǰԼļµĸоһԼӦˣ



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ʱĶ֮УΪǳ֮СѹҲǳַڽеһ˲䣬űܼѹѣַòԼΧγһ֡
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һʮֱ֣֤һʧַ֮ʹԼʶԽԽģһɲǣԺĸоһӴϮ֪ˡ
Ҳ֪˶ã֮Уƺмǧ֮ãƺֻжݵһ˲䣬л㱣һ
ͷóַѺĵһоＸûйߣڵܵΣܾĵģѾڲַһϲһȾҪվ



598 թ
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ַ֪Լ֢״ûʲôͻȻʱһŨŨĸ֮ζ֣һֻһֵճҺ塣
ģеǸλַüͷ壬æվĵطЩģʪ󣬴һɵζ
ѵθַҡҡλεվȫоմմģһεζʮŨҺϵ
óһʱͻȻһɶǺַᶼˣüͷ壬æӻֵܶȣʹ֮Լֵʵʵġ
ȡһħŵâΧҲɼˣֻΧࡢħ޵ĲкҲӵճҺżǿĸʴá
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һθĴ󣡡˼׺˿ߵķԴأĿӹϿɢһεӣַһʱĴ𣬷ӿ
ͨ͸ȭͷСתֻǿЩַȻеڵĻתٶԼӿ졣
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ЦҪܽΪ㻹ôû˱үڣ㾹ȻûͼصԪ飡
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ߣַĿŸûϣûеʱһԲԱԽǻþõļһԽԼý
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ַٻ콣Ǳĳԡɽ֮ƿһ֮ϡ
ͣ
ɲǼ䣬֮ϵѪַһЦɳ֮ϣھҷ
ˣʲô㻹ס֣ĪҪǱүԱַԼĻһԼ֮ϣ
ٺ٣ͷûԹַһЦԽָγһǽ֮һ䡣
໡
ʹһ޴ӲͣںϷڣһһľ캣ˡ
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ӦˣȻǻôˣַһϵ˿ٺһЦ˵ɣ׼ҵʲôôҪ̫ٺ٣ҷھڵĸоƺеϲˡ
С֣㹻ݣ֮ǰĺۣһ涾ҿɰոֵתۼ䣬ôڵǸСһĥŵˣʵǿɱ̾
Ŷ֮ĽҩַɫӦһȴ΢΢һ˿ϲĹâȻǿǿԣãٸҼŻ켶ħ޵ħҾͳȥ
켶ħˣǼţǲӽˮħˣųаѣлһŻ켶ħ޵ħˣһھҪš



599 ս
øһҪ죬ҪҪ֪һħˣһӵѽԼǰһֱûã쵰ȻҪţҪүˡ
ߴߴֹʲô׸ħˡַһأɫ˵
쵰ӾУôĶ˭ϣҪҵĶȥȡƵ˽
ŶȻֻĶһˣھͶȴȡɣַԸ
ã쵰СӣţھͶһת·ƴɱĻȵĴһۣٵȥ
ѾΪ֪ĶжԶַ˵ĽԼϵĻּӺһ󣬾ʹ
Ͼһʱ䣬ַȻѪҺָ˻ϵľȴǺľˣһ鷳ǵ˯Ѻ󣬾ˣٽɡ
ֻ˶á
һŻ켶ħˣүռ꣬ǧŪģС쵰ЦɰɣƮ˽
ַ۾ֻξ壬ѾƮԼǰܵȷʵǻ켶ħɡ
ܺãַסЦ£ĵͷȻģҾͲˣǺ۵Ľҩˣ
ģ£ǵˮ¶ƽһһŰɫҩ˽
ϻʵ㣬Сү֮װĶӣΪ۵ĽҩȻΪôסôַЦĽŽҩҲûһ£ŵôȥ
ֻҪ㲻ֿҾ֮³˵ַȻЩڵöӣԼ֪̰̫ǿҲá
ַϲɫ㽫ͳɡ
һַӦͻȻһ磬ַҼǰƮȥ
ǻʱ򣬾ַֹͻȻȥͬʱһɾ޴ַϮ˹ȻַٶԳȥ׺ַƮݵڵϡ
ýƻСӣŭ쳹߿գĶַʱѻָ֮ɫͫͬҹо޴䣬ɫƬľ޴ʱڶһ£ХĿ硣
ߣ֪ضôģ͸ҽҩһŻ켶ħˣ;ֽţȻϡַ䳰ȷ
ַҲ޴һ֮ǰڱ֮һģʱչʮɡ
˳Ծǣ֮ǰĳǣʱҲаںڼǣй͸ӸҲһ԰ɫצӣȥޱȡ
̬ͿʼĻһģһˣֻǴЩ
͡ƿ
ΪʲôᷢЩ仯ʱַͻȻһƿžǡһţͷ¹һһɿ͵̩ͬɽѹһѹ
æһȻ˹ȥ
䡱һ졣
β߲ͣسɽ֮ϣƬɽ¶ʯѵľͬ䡣
һУûиַκδϢĻᣬ̿ʼеڶĹſѪڣʮִˮͬһСһŵľԣ˻ţצַ˹ȥƾˣ
ַͣʮɣͻȻȵ
Ϊַ׵ַһȺ󣬶ʱһ㶣ַסˡ
ɽʲôϵַԼһȺ󣬹ͣϾʳԼɻ
ɽ壿ߣֻһЩʲôʸԳڵһ˿֮ѪԶҲǳΪſѪڣǲм
ʲôʸԳүַ۾΢Ҳһмڰвҡװβ
ߣһֻҪͻƻ磬ԶԳЩܱȵģˣƽϢүҵķŭɡŭһſھ³һĻַ˹
ڿвϵıȵյġꡱ졣
ַԼǲˣֻû뵽Ȼˮ˫ԣԼҪһҲǺװ
ַ˫ס콣ӿҲԣһﵽжԼǰǼϲĴֵûУͱŲˣһ
뵽ַȫһţִһ뿴ж



600 
ַȫ񶼼е콣ϣ˫ֽٹͷ˸γεĹâдһһɵâն޴ס
䣡
ַϾնĶֻһ׶ѣű壬ʱַݺݵ롣
໣
ҺһĵطѪɽһѪۣһķȷʵˣһҲֻ˶ѡ
𣡡
ŭɣбԹȫԼȻַնһһ߿
ȼܵĽɫ棬ΪһⲦϸϿմٵֱַӸ˹
ַһ˫ֽ콣𣬽䷨˫Ļȫ˳֧Űţһ籩ʼ콣Ķγɣ籩һֱϮ
䡣
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ꡱĺĹ𡭡
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һ˺ڿַһɫ䣬ռҵľôҲ᣿
ֻ͵һͷһ嶸Ȼٴαã渲˰ۣʮǳʮɣһȦ࣬˵صطֻ˵İ̺ۣᵭ˼
˳ԾǣϵںڼѾһ֮׹͸ӸҲһ԰ɫצ㺮˸
һκһ֣Ͱпղûǰûпк֮ٴ鵽ԵĿ¿ֲ
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С֣ǿħˣҿԷȥ򡭡ԣӱ³ڿвͣ
ħˣԼȥַССľһ£Ͼͻظ˹쵰뽫ԼħƭȥٳֶԸԼɣߣԼ֮ǰһ˵ôأǻ׵Լ뿪
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𣡡
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һſͣ˺ɫĻףǻһӱ㽫ַղվĵطȫˡ
һôǿôࡣַΪһ֮ӰһӾͺ˿ȥһɫӰַǺȻβ
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콣һ˲绯Ϊɫ磬·ռһ㣬쵽µĿٶ˿ռңģĿռһЩҵĵӰһɫֱбϡ
꣡
콣ʮĴ˿ڣڵûһѪΪһȻۼ׶ûƿ
ҿôô̬ˣ⻹ôȥַͷ֮Լղһǲȫ˲ĻѽһӲһȻһҲûС
תףǻ˫ף쵰׼ɡ
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ݣһӴı˲仮ƳգȻһ˲͵ַǰһַ޷ܣֻþ콣֮
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һַ̫˳ȥڻɵĹ΢΢һΣ䵽˵ϡ
С֣ȥˡ¡¡ĳǿµβ·ͱӺݺݵسַ˹ȥ
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601 ոС
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顢顭
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ڿն𣬺ַһľ롣
ַʧ˽ɱĻᣬﲻɵ΢΢ЩÿϧӦܵػʵѾۿۣԼ״̬ҪնɱҲһܵ
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ַֹһæһ˳ʮɣˣ䡣ַ˵һ£ղôĲһھȻһ棿
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ַаһͻȻͷеˣˣСɣַƳһۣȹԹԵſڵϣҶ
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æ˵˾ܷģղŵԶȫūϵҵǽϵɽ»𺣣Ҳǲܾܾġ
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ƵˣǿЦݣл˴ٺ٣һ̫ˣĲãµһһ޶ һţš
ϲͺãַ΢Ц˱ȽͣԺͲҪˣͽַɣ
ˣֱأһеԾ಻𣿽ַǺƽƽˣ
ǵģԺͽַɣˣڱΪɣ̧ͷ˵ͦ۵ġĵȻ
õģַһȻһ߿ĳȼܵĽɫ棬ΪһⲦϸϿմٵ ʱ˶ȻΪһʮߵ꣬ݰף罣Ȼ֮ѹӡ
ҿôӢʲôеˣַǰԼҪӢֵӣеﲻƽ
˼ҡҵ״̬ӡһеľսս˵ΪַͷѣԼеÿͷˡ
ַǰĲɿһȴԼˣҲеЦˣҵ㶴ȥȻ˵˵
ʲô˵˵ѵǴģһһѽ
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һռתֱ£һľսս˵ûУСľԲʲô뷨ֻǱ纣һֱͱȽųߣԺ㲻Ҫ͸¶ԼߣȻĻܻ鷳ģ
纣⣿ţȷʵǴظյ˴ģ͸ҽ¸ĵΣԼֲַ˵Щʱɫƽ֮
һַָĳ̬Ц˵˵㣬ǵҵĶٸϸ˵ɣ
ַˣĵͷʾͬ⡣


602 
һתΣǰٷȥַ׷һϷ㶴òҪˣʲôٳǰζ֮ʹɢ𣿡
һæ궼ˣһʲô˵Ҷˣң˭Ķ֣ҿɲҵЩ׳°װ
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ʥŴ½Ͽһ󼱷ɣת۱һϿȣһɵ󣬱㽵һʯǰʯϷš֡
ϳôַдʲôط
ٺ٣öߣĿ߾͸ˣһͷַһۣתѨȥ
湻ģַ붴Ѩĵһо
Ѩͨ˴ߵʯȣҲ֪жٸʯ
ڼļػڵĺޣ¶η֮ɫĸַԶÿ˵·
ۡˬĶѨ˶ٷ򣬲ŵ˾ͷһ˰ǽϵһ鲻۵ʯͷͷǽڱһʯҵʥ
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óﻹֻǸҶѣΪһϺëƤӵռ档
ַʯɵ̨׷֣̾һһﻹܣǮѽ
һеȻˣƬ췽ԲǧҾ̫ϻʣҪʲôûС
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һĿɿڴֻһͷӦ˹æ˵ҶĶ㿴ãǧҪҿ
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һ˵ãȻãһж㣬ԺеĶģеĶҡҲģ
ܺãַסЦ⣬ĵͷȻģҾͲˡҲĽжռΪеġ
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һ󣬱㻺˵ȻǴ浽˴Ӧ˵纣ˣǱ纣ıǣһ½Сʮ򣬲Щ½뵺춼һЩʵǿļһռˣкҲࡣڵ½ʥŴ½ңŶΪ丽ڻ鵺ǵɣʮ󵺣ȻС켸ٸ
ռе½ѵֻҪԼʵˡַһɻѵⱩ纣ûһǿ
ģֻҪ㲻ˮȥռ̣ϵĴ½뵺Щˮǲܵġһ˵
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Ĵ壿ǿ߶ȥǣַűӵĴ廹Ǻǿƣ֪Щļһ֪𣿡
һƤһ£΢΢˸ʹһĭǿ纣ˮȺд½˺ֹǧ򱶣˵Щ½뺣ϻ켶ǿ߶Ĵ廹ٵˡȲ˵Ĵ壬˵˵ÿоǴﵽľʮֲ֮׳滹һҲļһΪı񡣡
ַﵽ˻磬Ǹʲôﵽʲô磿



603 С
һҡҡͷصĴڣ˵Ҳ֪ˣڲĳԱҲַ֪Ըп磬࣬Ƿ࣬һЩǿصĴڰԼǴ˻쾳Ҳõ͵£Ȼ˵ͶС
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ܴ쾳֣ˣħʾַ֮һڣһַ֪˼һ˲ӦκһǿʲôūҲǿΪǳĵ亦
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˶ڣֱӱ˺ߡ
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䲴ɳ£ʯ档
СзȤġ
дʫǺУַһٳ˳ȥһʯ
ԼԴ󣬺һֱûкúõǺϵ´һļ꣬Ҳÿϣûúõܹһ죬ÿ춼ΪԼʵæµš
˵ˣʵ˵ҪϾΣķʵΪûʵԼСҲʱ̿ܶ
ַվϵĻҲ㣬̧ȥĿľɫǱˮɫһͷӡ
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ףиСַ·ʮﴦһɫС㣬ϸȥȷʵһС졣
ַΪһӰǺС켱ٶȥת۾ʹﵽС죬ΧŴ˵һȦ˸ʵĵطͽɽдľָ滨ĺïʢ
ǰڵϵʱ˵ĵжȼ٣ѣ󺣣ǰԼҲһô飬䵽ǸʲôζַĵҲ÷һԼǽģֱӳ漱ɶȥ
ʹ졣ַ̤˶У˫ֻӿӭϺХĺ磬ԽԽ𾢣·ڵйꡣ
̤ˮͬʱַܵһ˿Ȼָ֮о˵壬ֻҪĲĵ



604 ˮ澰
ַ鲻ԽԳХһּд˿ȥӵ幫ķΧ֮ڡ
˿ַ˶˻ڴ̤˶У纣һ˷ˡ
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գ٣ȴûԹ㡣һ£ֱ䵽ַԱߡ
ַϴˢɾ󣬾ͷڿϣʱʱķһ£һЩԼȡĵϡ
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˼ڵַ̧ͷһһһѾ꣬΢΢һ㶣һһﱾһͷҲȻˣ˵ͷԣҿû취ι㣡ô˵ǣַǽԼûһݸһ
ٺ١лһ˹Դȥڵس
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ַдϲˮԪ޹Ҳܷȴܷˮκ˴ˮƽء
ḻ˼ĵر½Ҫö࣬ԽԽ࣬ѹ޴󣬾ǻҲǱһǧѾǼˣȸҲǱǧɵˡ
˱ˮ淨ַһ·Ǳ֮ʣҲܸõںѹһˡ
ַе֣ôԵ޹õԼôһˣ˵ԼԵһ˿ַ꣬ɲΪƾóϷΪԼˡ
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ããһƬˮɫѾһء
ںХŭţϲӿַһôڴ󺣵´УһͲˡ
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ײһţɽϳɺ̦ȺԶε˸ŵУɭָߴïܣԼо޴ĺɽﴩ
Ҳʱι״ĺͻȻſ죬ǰιϺ븹УȻǿߴ棬ⷽУֵ쾡¡
ڡһ仯ǳ֮󣬱Ҳڷԣַڡһϣϸ鿴Ͳܷıϣַôһࡣ
ֻҪﵽƾ磬ͨƤַں´Ҳĺ磬ͲĻţ߿־壬һˮаԼߣַǷǳء



605 Ѫ
ʮ׵ļױϣֱַЩ󣬲ſʼ붨쳾¼ľ
ڲľܲ΢ĹĽתѪҺġעӡ£
ÿһڶ޴ÿһϸʮ㣬ڵ³´лҲΪ
ٿԼ뷨ַ꣬ط֣䷨˫ȡٶȱ֮½ؿ˲٣ֲ֪纣Σ֮ҲҪܵ
֪Լ䷨˫ˮ׵ľ˱仯ַ֮͵Ц˺һƽ뵽붨ȥˡ
ڶϣַˬش붨ȴȵطһתǾ޴ͷһĿõĿתؿԼ
ιô£˿Ҹʲôַ΢΢һ㶣ˮвֱӿ˵ʶֱӴʵ
ٺ٣㵨ӻô֮У㾹ȻҾΣķȰ㻹ʱ̽ĺãڿǰ档һʶַԺ
һĻַ̧ͷǰȴȵط֣ԼǰһƬ޴ӰһƬʴ̵ĺȺסǵȥ·ֲһֹͣǰˡ
ַҲʶ鿴Ƭӽǧɵĺףѹ޴ʶ̽ĲС֪һ޹ͣͲǰַʸף磬˷룬ַδӴ֪ΣǲΪӪСһĺá
֮鶼ϡ٣ܹɻһǿ֮Ȼкϡ裬ԲӦôïܷʴĺ壬һ֪⺣ôһ𣿣ַ֪֮ôһƬ࣬¶֮ɫصһѯʵ
һתŷʴ壬ĬƬ̣˼Ƭ̣ͻȻſЦ
䣡
Ҳ˵ſھһˮƬȥζˮϵԪӿƽغˮγһ޴УֱɣﺣˮȺбӿȥ
ַҲ֪һǿʲôһĵӣ㶼ڣ䡣
һСᣬǺȺҵĶ·ݷһͷһ㣬һɵĺҲ
źˮķڣĺۻһƬͻȻּУðӿ
ַĿǰȥǰȴǳ˼ʮͷӴĴ۵غޣֻǺΪӴÿһͷʮɳ̡
ô㣬ЩһﶼɡַԶεЩޣаԾһȴȻ˷
һַֻеһԭǻַˡ
һʲôַɻŴ˿̵һһȴ˷ܵʶЩʮ֮㣬Ҵм֮Ѫʳذ취
ֻʮһĿֱӸЩ޴Ĳͬλ
໣
ֻһУЩ޴Ծ˵ٶСֻһѪЩһڡ
ַĿɿڴû뵽һҲԼͨ쳾¼ȡ꾫һ֮
һЩ޴ľľѪͱȫˣֻʣһƤͷЩһĶӾȻû˿仯
ַ޷ʮͷ׳ôྫѪȥˣһıҲʮ֮ʳԼľѪҲӦе㷴Ӧɡ
ۣˬѪںЩǾľ㣬һƾĺޣٶͺˣЩ㡣һһ̾һ߽ʮź޵Ԫ׸ַ
ַһһʳôľѪȻûԱ
һЩ޵ħˣôħɭħ޵ħ״һַӹԪ飬һɻЩ塣
һȴһԾô㾹Ȼ纣ĺطħ޵𶼲֪𣿡
ַ˵ͷԼ治֪ħʲô
ַͷһȻе֣ǵ޵Ԫͺķ޻굤࣬Щʲôħ޵ħ˵ȻˣҺ޴Ϊħ޸߳һȡ
Ȼ£ַоѽ𾪹𾪣ַҲʼתԼĹ۵㣬Ͼһħ磬һЩ˼ҲΪ֡
ˣһô㣬һʮͷŵˣַŴ˿̵һ壬ʳôྫѪȻһ㷴ӦҲûС
һȴֻǵľѪѣѪ⾫ѪھҵĴм䣬Ѫ⾫Ѫأûжٺ޻ᡣ



606 ޳
ַ޻˵ʲôûжٺ޻ᣬַôؼֻԼġ쳾¼һȡ꾫Ĺ֮нйȡ顣ֻ˵ȡħˣħû˵ʳѪġ
ˣֱӴӺ贩ȥ·ɣڻûзʲôĺޣ⺣ҲûдԵôΣ𡣡ַЦŴ
ҪǰַһŹʮͷ޵Ļ꾫ģȡôַе㿴Щ޵Ļ꾫ˡ
ַһǰȥһ·ϣһҲһʮͷӴʳʮͷ֮һҲˣѾļˣҪúһˡ
ǰʱַڷ˵һͷںޣһͷڹ꣬ڹһһȻȴ̼ˡ
һΪղųԱˣҲû׷ַҲȻóˡ
ȥַͻȻʲôʵ
һˣ㶣һᣬͻȻ˷֪ܵһǳõĵطǾȥǰɡ
ʲôط
޳ǣ
ַʱһ
޳ǣ֣ƺӦǺۼĵطҪȥʶһ⺣磬Ķʵ޳Ǹʲôط
һһ磬³ѪǣΪ˵һкܶ߾ۼĵطɢޣҲкɢޣȻиָӵĺסУҲֻȥΣǳ˲ãֵʱɽ˺ʲôϡ
ַд󶯣æǵطھʹȥơ
һַһ˵ڨڨһЦеεǵطһʱᵽˣ
ŶҪöõʱ䣿ַüͷһѯʵ
һһĭ˿ַ˵ҵʱסڱ纣Ͻǣȥ޳ǵġ
ʲô纣ϽǣǱǣϽǾȫٸ·Ҫһʱ䣿ǰȻסϽǣô˱ǣַе˼飬Ҳ̫Զ˵ɡ
һе㲻˼˵ҡ
ϽסòãܵġַһɻһӦòϼ·һطӵ°ɣ·;Σգ˵δȻ˲⡣
Ϊ밡ģû˵ϽǸһ·׷ɱġһ˵һŭףȫԱ߻ַôһˡ
ٺ٣ʲô¶ĳ޲һȻ׷ɱ㼸ꡣַЦЦĿһȴȫûһղŵľٶ
һڷй͵ַһۣɫ죬ʱ˿ſЦһ̾ʲôޣΪŮ߹
ߣַһʲôϵ
һ¶Źֵɫƺ˵ߵ顣
ַ⣬ƮƮ˵㲻˵ˣֻеѡ
Ҳ˵ֻҵ˽£֪Ҳûʲôܸģʵǻ˵ŮһתۼסԼͣƳַһۣһЩʲô飬ˡ
ַȻЦ֪ˣǲѻŮǸˡԲԣǺǣֵĸ鷳Բ˵ˡ
ȷʵˡһ̾һŤ鲻ԽصԴС˵ģԼԼģǣġ
ַԵЦЦһΣַ֪Լ˵ܽȫƨԼҪܽͲ˼׷ɱˣԼ鷳٣Ҳںٶһ
ַЦǰ¹ȥˣҲǾˣڼȻѾңܲܣģʱʲô鷳һ
һַ̬ȳϿң֮ˣг˸мĶ飬ҼסˣԺһж£㡣
ַȻһЦԡУıΣǿķǣǾ̫ĺˣҲ㡣
һĵİɣһ˵óһĵ
ַͷ˵ãȸһʹȥ޳ǡ
һַô˵ӣзŹ⻪Ȯ֮ͣͷĺˣǿԴӱһ·̽ȥи鱦ԽǶ࣬ȻˮѹԽЩطǻҲ޷ǱȥЩжٱġ
ʵǱ̽һǲ뷨ֵԼʵǿַԼҲ㲻ˡ⺣УֻҪ̫Σգű㹻ˣȻǰǲȥЩϹＶ



607 ǽ
Ҫ˵Լʵô˵ԼҲﵽ˻쾳磬˵ǿɻ۹Ǽϲĺ޻ַ֮ƣˣһ·沨ʱɣַ鲻Խ˾
һϯ̸ַޱߵı纣˺ܶʶ
ںˮд࣬ĺޣȻȴˮµĵر
Ϊ鱦ΪԼΪ˴ɱΣճ̶ȱ֮ڴ½˲֪٣ԼҪʮСˡ
ˮ׽˼㣬ַһٷʢ󣬱Ѱ˸Ϣ
ַ֮һºңԶĺ޳ǿ񱼶ȥ
纣֮£һӴĺɽִһ߹Ĺڻ򺣵ɽ嶥ˣɽ֮ϣƽ֮ϡ
һۿȥֻ²򹬵أ߸ǳȺ
ĳַ֮ǰ֮ʥ˴֪˶ٱ
Ӵ󺣵ɽ룬ӴĵĴǣÿһռǴף֮佨л԰Ժ¥ȵȣ޳ǵĻǴﵽ˵֮ЩɶߣΪǲס
һ֮Ƭˮİߡ
˵òᣬһԼʮңòͨһϮֲºͣһԼʮңȴЩ룬ʱĶ
ʱ޳ǵ˲࣬һǱˮһ̸߽
ַȡ鹬ͱ鹬ֻºѵ֣ǲǱˣַһ㻨һʱ䣬糾ͣҹ̰ŴңԶĺ򱱽ǣִﺣϽǡ
ֻǵȴһСС鷳ΪΪ纣ÿһ֮ʱǳϸԴʱַһʵȥӦǱܵ鹬Ļɡ
ֱӼ鹬ں޳һ鹬ϵ룬Ȼ뷨ϵΪɵˣ֮鹬ĺĲţַ۳޳ȥ޳һƬɵĹ֮У߼ʡ
ʱַ⺣޳ǵϿգ⺣޳ǵҲ޷ۿ
ҲֻˣߣھͽǰɣһӦһ޳Ǳȥַ΢΢һЦҲȥ
޳ǴǶ޳ǳſڵʱ򣬲ŷֳŴѾӵ֮ڣ󲿷ֶǺޣַ٣ֻˣҴ󲿷ֶеͽ׶εߡ
ʮȫףɫֱֳں޳ǵĳŴڶҪڵÿһ߽ϸŲ飬ͨߣܷнڡ
سǵĲϺзϸۣͷ޽ǵ֮࣬һ࣬ĹΪǵĶ黺ƶţ˽ʱֵַ
ſһͷţǣϸ۵ĺޣַһۣһ죬ȵ
ַһʲô
ǺһۣľԴôҪү˵͸ɣ
ַɫ΢ŭȴһ⺣޳Ƿ룬ЩǷѣ
ԣַȻǺ޵Ҫ٣
Ǻֻצһ룬Цͦ˳۵ģүҲΪ㣬ŻǾħ˼ɡ
ţһθҲǲСַһü̽ڣֻоȻֻжŻǵħˣȫǻڵģЦŻڵħˣ֪˵ܲÿŻڵĴ棬û˵ꡣ
Ǻɫһ䣬צħץУȵôӣǣȻȻ˰ˣȼ˳أٶ
һŨüһĿӿɷ̤һ׳ħˣЦҪħôȥ
Ǻ޽ӹħˣʮ㣬һƣȻǿŻڵħˣɵüЦ뻳УǺЦ˵˵ӹˣʲô˵תкں޵ˣǽȥɡ
ں޺ȻӦŵ֨֨޴죬ֺ޳ǵĹһ˸صعŻÿһַһ˳ǡ
ַһν뺣޽ĳС
һκڰͨǰȻһأеĺɫĻɢԴԴϵͷŨ
ؽֵ֮ϣӰ߶ֳۣȣȫۼףغף޴ؽΌ塣
֮УŸɫİ壬й¶΢ϢԲߣַомǿ֮С
ڽֵ࣬ɢһЩ༫Ϊ̵꣬Щ̵궼ʯΪ̵֮⣬һι״Ʊ̵֮⣬װΡ
ַһۣЩ̵аڷŵƷʵϣĽͷŶĵ֪Щ¶Ǻ챦ʲôãǾ֪ˡ
֮ϡ
ĺһַͷԸоγĳн֮ЩԲеĺޣǽ츳ȫѧġ



608 ҽ
٣ҽϾҪʼӪҵЩСëߣϽȥɣҩҽʥһ¿ɲų֢һΡֵ֮ϣͻȻһ
͵һȻȵĺ׼ĳȥ
ƵֻƬ̼䣬ȥ¥յĴַ֣̲סĳ鴤һ£ͷһʲôǻҽ
ٺ٣רŸ˿ĵطֻЩȴߣΪߣҪвǾ;ԲСһǺκõģΪߣƽ֮£һûЩСشҽ˴Ӱһ˿һӰѸٵַܳ˵
ԣַüͷһбʥʥڵҽϣɲҽʥ٣ȻҪҸм룬ҽƺǸȥƬ֮һʾ⣬һͬɱȥ
ں޳ǵĳĴһֵľ޴󳡵أɼӲĿħʯһĽϣݣַһϵ˴֮ʱɽ˺࣬ſڣĵȴš
ֳַһǰһˣСʵкô
˼ΪݺݻתͷַһۣҪŭȣַһıʱĿһæ¶Цһ޳ǰɣ
΢΢˵ͷ
ѹˣٺ٣⺣޳ǣֻҪñĶĶʲô¶ߺŵġ˵СһۣŽһмǣҽǹġ
ָ߸ڵĴӦ֪ʱ˵жôҪҪߺ棬óĶֲ⣬ǾΪԹӣһ֮ˣὫΥ涨֮ˣ׷ɱ
ôߺôԱһͷЦףԸܳɹǺǣҲֻףԸѣҪǲܳɹֵɾͲˣ
ַ˺һۣ˵ͷ˵Ҳδ͸¶Ϣ˵лΪ⺣޳ҪЩڣ͵㹻ʵȻͲҪ룬һַ˵ĺ޳Ǳ
ȻƵַǵȻģַ˵˲û¶ı飬Եöַӹˣͷֻһ΢΢ɨһۣȫð˺¶ѿЦݡ
ƾǵʵҪȥӦòѣ´ο֮ʣǾΣǱȥͷ⣬һԼ˼ַתƵǾ޴ĳ֮ϣŶӵȣ治֪Ҫȵʲôʱܽȥ
ˣλʱѵźöӣһοɽʮˣ׼õ˽ɣֻʮӵҽʱ䣬û˿ëͺúðλᡭһ쳹Ƭ֮ϡ
޴ĳϷռ΢΢¶һ޴Ŀն
ৣৡһӰ˷ֱܵԾ£˻ҽ
ʮ˽ҽǿնȽʧ֮ʱַӹһĨâЦһ߰ɣڣӰ˲ʧԭأٳʱǵǶ֮У漴Ƕʧˡ
׼ĪǶһۣ૵ôʧˣ˵һܽʮôŽȥʮˣӦҲν֮вŶ԰
ԣҺ񿴵ʲôӰͷ˵᲻ǡ
꣬ǧ˵Ȼһ˶ǿߣǵġǻǲҪţ´νɡҽС
ֻƾһ̨ǰֻ̨һС̨Ըţ̧ͷһַһۣڵߣⶾм䣬ұߡ
ԣַ̧ͷȥֻ֮УŻÿŻ϶ƣҷֱǲ֢֢֢ڣʱطֱȥ
ַģҲⶾģϸûˣӦˣϸһ󣬲ſڵ֮ô̸
һˣʵ̸ιСккˡ
ʱСƲƶӣ̨ʵ̸ʲô£
ַȥСƣˣֻ˳ðС֣أֻ϶ղһֱǰϴַһʼҲûô⡣
һȴΪҲλƣûͷСƵӦġ
ӦСһ漴һмַһһֻۣҽʥ֣շ췹ԣ˼һҡ
⻰һϼͻȻŤΪѿȻǰЦ˵ʲô˵һԣ



609 
һû˵꣬һ죬ǵĻͷ΢΢һͷȥֻⶾŻڣһλŻȴ԰׵ҽʦҴ˳
˻δŪҽʦɫ԰׵ãСС
ʱվַԱߵС϶ǰ㾲˵ʲô
ҽʦڣСС
˲ͷС϶ǽⶾŻͥԺһСС
ֻСУվŶȫۣߴ쳣ĺӣ߻վһ£ͷͷֻͷĿʮֿɲ˵òȴȥƣڰҹΪˡ
ַʱȴһûв´ӦǺȻܻΪΣ˵ΪѴﵽ˻쾳磬ֻһ˲
Сľ񶫵ᣬȻǱ˹ġ
˺ͣһůΣĸȫֵ۵ĸܷվһԡ
С϶ȥкˣ߽СǷʲô£
ֻŲͷɨС϶һۣŵٲҽǾͲҽ
ʱֻС϶ʵʲôҪҽ
ͷβѽ˼ҳβʲôͷ
С϶ĵҽ
ǲͷһ˿ɷ׺ݵƨʲôˣҪ˵
С϶΢һҽļӣҲ֮ˡ
ӣͷǺðʦ
С϶üͷһ壬Щ˾ȻſضҲֱ֮ʱ˰Σŵ˵˼Ҳڣ߰ɡ
ͷŭߣҽӪ
С϶룺˭֪ҽĴӪĪЩʦĺѽģǿɲܺǷͻ뵽ͻȻϸ˿һۣϵı־ʱͻȻɫ΢䣬С϶ɫЦ˼ȷʵڡ
˼ҷŵ̬ǲͷҲе㽲ҲЦʦڣСĲΣʦ֮ͽȻ벻Ҫƴǡ
С϶㶣漴ܺˬĵͷãҾΣλҸ߾͡
ͷϲȻ룬룡
С϶ߵǰһˣȴͻȻһǸɫĲˣչò浾ᣬЩС϶Դ
ַһŮӣҲΪò˰ΣŻعϸŵĲһۣŷķɫڲͬȫ¶޴ʺɫñ޵Ļ䣬Ҫγˮ
۾беϣСһۺС϶ŻعС㣬ſ
չ˫Ҫ˵ˣֻҲŵĺɫɢܣȥЩ졣
ЩСͷɫٱ䣬
ǲ˽ˮ龧Сͷⶾ˲ᰡӻһö룬һ˵ڣͣһ̣ڱǶֱᣬһ̣ɫֱ䣬ҡͷⶾҲû⡣
ǲͷ󼱵ôû⣿
С϶ãȻǽڵ没춾࣬ȫεˡ
ǲͷ˵ʥҽĵӣ仹ⲻ˵Ķ
Сͷ˵ңʦ˼ңҲδܽСϵĶ
ǲͷµǲܣһҪκҼСĶˣʦȳҽβˣƴǣȥҽȥ
˵еҪ֪ǷͬСģ˭֪ǰЩһˣֻһ棬ҲûǹʲôֽţȴǽСŪ
СȿɱԼҪĶ࣬Ҫǻȥ֪ԼСˣǺ룬£ΪҵҽҵҽСˡ
֪һ·˷˸һػûΣܵˡ
СͷµͻȻվ𣬳βⶾˣǿ߰ɡ
ǲͷϼͻȻŤҵǲǹⲻҼС㣬֪˭
СͷӲͷƤҲ˭˵ĶʵλС֮ǰνֻܹҽ̫ǳԲˡ
ǲͷɫΪѿֻȻβҼС㣬ҲǴˣھЩ֮ܵ
˵ŭȣһȭ˪СͷҪȥ
ȭҪǻУƱҪСͷСͷôɫ䣬ŭԩ޳Ϊγ˶֣꣬΢̧֣Ҫסһȭ



610 ҽ
ȭͣСͷֵܵģۿС϶Ҫһȭ֮£ͻַ΢΢ͷһǲͷĿٿ֣תۿһɭ˭
үңһмĿͷһۣŻͷǸС϶ߣô
С϶֪ԼʲŴԵתһȦǲ亹΢΢һллλӳ֣С϶Ƿһ飬ԺõС϶ҽҡ
ɾʱַǲŮϺԽԽ࣬ѿҪϾͻȻǰֵסֹӣΪ֮
ңðҼС㣡ǲͷһĻŭգǰһȭַã˭ַ֪̽ӣǲͷʵʵƴһȭ
ǲͷֻһɾԼֱ۴ԼͻȻ׷ɶ˵ϣһĻ־ŭطȫ֮վһһַ
СͺúøүվһͻȻǰͷǰĿһ۵
ܾҼС㣿ͷۼⲡ˿ҪˣԲҪɱйߣʱһĺ˴һվԭء
ַüӣͷͷһо𣿡
ַͨҽʥ䶾޲ģһ֪飬϶ش𼱣𼱣һоȣ
ǲͷϲС㣬С㣬ûУ˵оȣ㲻㲻ˣҲˣ
ַûǲͷɫֻȻüͷֻһⶾȻΣȴѲ£ѾڣлЮһĶ棬ⶾϸС۶ܿѲزһʱ֮ҪЩѶȡ
ʱֻǰŻѵҽʦ˵ʦ嶼֪ʲô㾹֪ƭ˭
ַ̧ͷ˿ҽʦһۣȴû⡣
ҽʦַɨۣ㲻ڿǲΪҽʦûֳܹ裬һʱʱתůв˵С㲡ΨʦΣСӺҽһͨȫҽС򲻿ƭˡ
ʱ˵ַܿ˵ַһۣһ˿ɫǰβС϶ĵҽĲô
С϶˵ͷδ𻰣ѿַҽڣ鷳ˡ
ʱǲ֪ôҽʦֵС㣬ʲô˵ʦղųȣڻܿ˵ˣСҽҩֻ֮ǡʰʦŻݡ
֪ǲͻȻЦԱߵʦ壬֪ʲôеʲô
ҽʦûڣС϶ѵСĲޱȣС϶ҽǳʵڿ˵΢΢̾Ϣиҽ
ȴС϶תͷλҽʦЦ˵ҽҩ֮㲻֪ȴ˵Ķˣ⻰˵Ī뺦Ҳɣ
ҽʦղſڣֻǼַʦķͷǸҽӣʱ˷ѣֵ̿ҼӺС㣬ֻΪСӲǻҽˣδ´ˡ
ǻҽˣǻҽʧüͷ壬ɫм㻹ʲôվһȥ
ҽʦԹԵ˺һ
ַ֣룺ҽ纣򣬵λҲǲһ㣬ҽʦǸ߰ĺܣһôͽλˣ֮ԳΪѵⲡɡ
ַȻһЦ˵γ棬;һˣ˵ж˵ʧ֮գ˥֮ʱ㾹Ȼ˵ڵĶ棬а취ô
ֶַϲ˵ĹֻҪڴйһʱ֮䣬֮ǣһЩĹʳ£ͱضᷢ񣬿ԿѪ⾫ǣѪűǿйǣһֵزʱ޾ˡ
ͷǼô죡ǵС㡭
ַͷͷЦλСһʲҿСڹʧ֮ʣæǰԼĻڣһ̣ڶȻ֮ǣ½⼸ʱ䣬Ƴһҩ裬¾ͿȬ
ͷеǿȥѽɵվʲ
Ц壬˼Ҹβö㡣
˰̣ʹƺǸղŻַ³˸ͷװͰ͵ôҲΣҪΣҲҪΣβþҪ
һɫһ䣬䶢ŹѵҪ˭



611 
һŭȣ΢΢һûü˵ȴŮַЦ鱩꣬Ǳϡ
ַһЦûʲôҽĿľھˣСϢһ£ȥҽռҩҩ衣
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ַ룺ȻóԸȴǴֱɰѸղŶ֮ļС˲١
Ը۸ܷʰůΣȥ
ַҩС϶ͻȻǰסַл㡣
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С϶ѧаκˣ
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ַȴҲ֪С϶е뷨ˬشղ󣬵߳еġ
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ַҪסַַбһ
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612 
ʱ̧ܷůߵַԣỽ㻹ûʲôˣ
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ַƲ⣬ҲʣС㵽ڷϢȥҩ԰գ̧ȥ
ַԽԼС㣬ԸԼвã⣺һҪĸԸĻҾ
粽Ȼ壬ȴĹĺһ㡣
һܿȥ
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ַɫ²ֻ֪ͨ˷ʵʾ飬С㣬Ҫ˼һǼؽҩķҩ̫ضСҪ̱
ӴҪ˯ڴǿɲɣӲҪԥ춯ְɡ
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ʱ̲Ҫ𣿡е
ַ̾ѹ⣬ֻҲѨ



613 Ϲ
ַҽʦ׻˵ҽ߸ĸģȻǸĸģǲڸĸǰӦûʲôúߵģַҽʦ̫ˣҲ̫ǱˣǰģкηԼҪβȻβ͵һˡ
һҲȥˣߵıս۶һ̵ֻԼǰ
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һͺȵ𶯣
£ֻȫһ飬һֻӯ߳뾹ȻûУŹƵƶѣȲһһ롣
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һ̣ĸӰ죬˲УֻλŮӣÿŮӳ磬ò쳣ȴ͸ŹȣǱѰ
ЩŮӹߵǰȥ׼ܣվͶ壡
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С㣬ǳˣһǹңͻȥɣ
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ˤϵ˰ŮӣǸղȥ˲õλū֮һַǰֻǰ·Ѫ͸ʪΣһַ̣ʵô£
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ֻԶ߹âһ߿մֳһƬɫâת˸ͣڱ˰գɫâ¶κ˰
ԶԶӦһ·ƾѹϢһ㡣
ַɫǣâλÿƶȻ߲ơ
Ϲ֣һɫһ䣬Ŀ¶ľ塣


614 ɻ
Ȼ֪Ǳ棬ͶԹվŲҪһ󷭹һɭɭĻﴫ˳
վƨϼڱүǰ񣡡һ⻰ɫŭһƮƮתתǡһƬƣವһС
ʱϷɳѨܽ󴵵Ʋν󣬿û뵽һУֱ洳룬ȴ紩д·һϰ޲档
һһʱ䣬ͻӰһ촫һеӷɻأ˳ŷһ֮ǰֻɫ࣬촽ϣüëͷϹһ˪
˾Ǿȣɫףɰױ죬Ȼ³һѪַһǰȥȡƿһ赤ҩ£ת󣬶빦ѹơ
һһ˵ǻ쵰ĿɶУûרģټмһɼϢǴӾľ򴵳ģ裬òҽȥ㱻ǻ쵰úҡ
ĿĺǼѣټǹŹֺʵ룬˼䣬ֵַȻôΪʲôҪģ
һҲ֣үұ֣ȴˣܴˡ
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Сǹˣַԣƣ·񣬾ԶԶĶ㿪Ƿǣ鷳ƫƫˣԼƫƫ鷳
ƷǱѰǻϵߣ˵ǸǿߣַҪùˡ
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΢ɫתۼţʱֻһģʧԭأȵٴʱַǵͷ
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һĻͣ˶ݹ⣬ö񶾵Ǿ޴ͷݵû뵽˾ȻԼ޵ı˵ŮǶ۰мӣ
㾹Ȼ֪ҷȰ㻹ǿ뿪ɣÿ˵һ仰ͷ϶к£沿ҲǲѣȻ챦˼棬ҲǴľʹܾóֻ֣νˡ
˭֪ת˼ȦͻȻͣһֱΪԼɻµһɽ쿴Ŀ˵֪Լɻвȱݣ
ϼһ㾹Ȼ֪ôУһǰˣǻ²Թ˿̿⼫汻Уһʱ̲ס
ٺ٣ǴĿ˵ʩչ˵ҪĶˣ񡭡˵һ٣һֵȴһĻǿʹ浯ָƣкξ֮У
ߣƨôΪڻ֣һ༥СţƤ̫ģ˶Ƥ
𣡡ͻȻǼʶһ±ʵһ񱩵ͻȻٶշ𣬴һţΧİ׷ӿĿУ˲䣬ΧѾһĺǡ
顭顭顭
ʱ𣬼ϵİɫͻȻһһ͵ıѿһű֮ӿγһŴԼУвٵĺγһɫȥ
Щ֮ʣȫŤţƶȻǣӣʵٱʮࡣ
磡̶̵˲䣬澹ȻͻȻ˻ʵ
Ҫˣɫ䣬еСߣŻƮ䣬ӰһѾеļ˹ȥ



615 ȡ
ɴʱļȫ˻ʵƵѸκβ˴˿̵ļˣδѱڼܵ赲ס
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һȻɣȴûҪ˹ǵѪСλߣ¿ɾҪˣ꣬ٶż˹
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һȴԾĶַ벻Ӳ˻ǿһȻȫɾʱͻȻƺ뿴ʲôɫһ䣬ˣ
ϹһȴֻΧȴʼնһ㵭ĹȦ˳ûǷϮ
ڳһۣĿͣϣڵֻҪʵʵ³飬ҲǲԸԼϾ㸸Ŀͱ潻ҲЩˣɢһЩĿ㷢񡣡
Ī䣬ͻȻ²˵ⷬ
ҪԼڵ飬Ȼ΢䣬򶨣ϴڿ˺ҾЩڣʱͱ㶢ˣı˺ܳʱɣжҲòԶ壬ȡ֮ģһֱӱֱ֣ƾ˾͵õ飬Ǹǳ롣
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Уؾ֣һģݲ䣬һ֣һֻ֣ó㣬ĻƵؼǰ
Ŀбӣӣߣ㡮׹أƬƬۼףϣءɫһ䣬ѿڵ
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׼䣬ַֻĿһתһʱסǱֻ֮˼һۣЦ϶۸ŮҲˣΪλҪ۸Ů˵˫΢һһֱֱַ
ַһۣͷããһַ֣еĳʱ壬ɢһأȴЩ쳣ħ֮ݡ
ۼԼĹַȴ˿⣬ת㱾챾ޣĴ̰ȥԿ£ǿ˰ɡ
ͨ죬˵˵˭˭ĴˣҲŲߡַĿ棬һپлܾϤһʱֹɫԽߺ죬ɫ֬Ⱥġ
汾뽫ǣ֮ǰһֱû㣬κԼȴ֪οٺ٣˵˵ţЦ
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֪ЩʲôȻֺܲõԤУ˫Ŀַ˫һ½ճȭ
ʵҲʲô£ֻǿߺ񲢲⶯Լڹδȶǰڴ½߶Ҳǲңҿ϶ʵʱǿʱҲǴǸĽ׶ΣȫһսҪȥ˰ɡַ̧գǷһ˿ļЦ
˻ɫֳ࣬һ
ãܺã벻Աʵͨ͸û뵽ܽ½ʷе˵Ĳ۵飬֪һ˽ٶ࣬ҲһȻЦݺݵ˵



616 ̸̸
ʵҲαҪƴƣɱǣֺ֮Ҳ뿴ˣи⣬ǴӦ£¾ʹ˷ֲܡַڱԵļɫ˵
Ȼ⻰Ϊ֮һգ¶ϲɫĿַã˵ɱǧ˵Щű߼ʵҪ󣡡Ҳ治Ը⿴ֽ
ȻַǺЦ᲻ű߼ʣһһ˵Ҳһͬģ
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ַ㲻ͻȻǰЦºܼ򵥣С׺öռβ治ѣСֽһʤˣСӶ˵תȥȻСһʱĺˣʤ㣬ô
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һоڣǿһǿߵκоٶǵƿ֮УͬʥҲָܷɽһ㣬һַҪûһԥһڴӦ
ʱ϶ַֻǸսαǿߣ֪ǿߵһȻǱ⣬ҾûӦЩעУ
ַ֪ҲЦҲ˼ֻǴʱݣһ벻ǵķۣӦöЩʲôˡҡͷԼ䣬ɫΪա
ٺһЦװˣͽСѾͷڵ͸ң
⻰ɫ䣬ŭˣΪҼСıԴҪ飬ܵڣΪǰЩ£˵ǱǵģҼСʲôϵ
俴˹һۣЦ˭˵ϵҪСӺһţѲƾܱסСѾͷߣֻڳ͵ˣ
ȴַȻСӿɲǶ£ţС֮ԳͷһֻΪСµĲˣȻµĲģ¶ȻҪȫ·ƽε¿Ǻٻȥġ
ֻǽҵĲˣ
ַһȣЦСԲӣκ˲ȡЩǺİɣҪˣ˭Ҫȥ˵һתۿлᣬǻֽһ¸Եɣ
ַŵ飬Ҳ֮ǰõֹ첽Ѱ˼СӲԼȻһ־˵СҲ࣬Ӧòʲôȡʤɡ
ȷųԣʳԣΨаڣɲҪ۲£֪ˣֱʵභʹ졣
ַƼ϶΢΢ЩɣЦϼһ˵ĻóȥˮܲûҪôСӻɣ
Խַô˵ԽǾԼϵˣˣʱȴ棬ַһ󼷶ңһʱ˭ˣ˵Ⱦͱȡ
ɺַ
Էüͷ壺Сӹ飬Ҫʲôй⡣ʲô˵
ַЦĶע飬֪ʾԣ㶼ȻЦ
ȴɫŭ˵ӴӦ㶷ǸӣȻҪӳĶ֮תһ룬Ķ˫ֻһԼǲЩΪѣµСһʤ˵ɣߣУСӣˣҪòСѾͷڵ飬һһŹƽֳһɡ
ԾһĶ³ݣмַ֣⻰Ҫ֪Ѷˡ
֮ûȨʼģԼˣԼȨ֮ΪɣȨȫԼϡ
ڼУȻ˵ʹַԼֽſɰϧĺܣԥδ϶ˣҰ㡣
ַ𣬼ȴϲüң¶ԷڣӿڵԵ棿
Ȼ޷ڡ
ַȥֻҧӣַһ޺ޱס
ַ֪ΪͻȻ֮䣬Լͱ䵭ͷһãȻԼһˣʧȥ飬ԼǽӺԼǷôһϣ治֪ΰˡ
ɲǼ䣬һɺ֮ӿͷԼԲ䣬е˵



617 Ƕ
ʤȯգЦʲôأȫ㡣
ַЦǾͺã˵ͱֻǳ;̫ʱ⣬ڴ˵رȹ
֮Լȡ飬Ҫ֮һ־֮ֻҪһɣʱߣҲù˼ʲôˣ˿̰飬Ҳսپ
Ѱ˼ƾСһţֵ;ߣҲࡣãȫ㡣
ַһȻԾ֮УȡһſħˣڰлһȦһ߸ó֮ƣ˫һģżЦˣɣ
ЩƮڰеȦһۣתͷҲַ֪ЩȦʲô΢΢һᣬڿսȦС
һ˿߸ҲǸ죬ַ֪⣬͵ϸ￴һᣬ߸ԲȦкЩ죬ƫƫֿǡ
дգŪʲô飬˼Ȧߣˣҡҡ˰죬ŵҿǽˣΪδ̫Щ
ַϸ߸ȦһۣսһݣȦУЦ϶ˡ
֣üʲôƣ
ַЦɲ˵
һڣŭСӣˣ˵꣬һƾַ˹ȥǼһƣԾһˣʵûʲôҼҲΪһƾַܴϡ
ֵ鷢ˣۿһƼַزַȴûκܣһ㶣ȥҲΪ֮һּ˼֡
˭֪һƽʵʵĴַӰ֮ϣȴû˿ֱͣӴַӰȥƲֱӴַд˹ȥͷһۺµַɫ䡣
ȭͷַϣͬգֲĸоرѹ֣񡭡
ȻַӰı䵭ֱʧ֮⣬ַӰֳַ⿴˼һ۵Сүû꣬ôͺＱˣԹҾȦзɱס䣬˭˫뿪ЩȦӣҲ䣡
ЩȦӱ˴಻һɣ΢һطȦϣ֮ʣٿղЩ˼Ȧûиܵʲô쳣ͣסˣھͿʼɣ˵䣬ѷѧ˹ԣһ־ַץȥһץȥ硣
ַһצץȴ΢΢һЦҲһ֮£һ࣬䲻ݣȴسɴ֮ܣڶߣһߣ㴩ɣִˡ
֪Цһ벻㻹ЩȦӰһɱһЩȦƶӰߣȦеþ֮ʱ֮ʣ£Ѿʧ
ٴγʱǵַı󣬵ϵһĻæȵСģ
Ȼַȴ޶ԣվԭضҲûѴ񱬵ɿıƽַٶȷǳ֮죬˿ַ̾չҲһܶ
̶Զ룬ת˲
һצַץȥͬһצȻ񱩣ôѸͣһץƿ֮ĹҲһצУֻצ绮ַܽץ֧顣
һߣߣ硭
һצܿҪַַȻܣվԭؼżĵ
СӣΪʲô˲õı£ԭֻֻֽϻѣβΣһμʵʵڸоַĴڣۿһצַһϲ
СԼ͸ԭԼˣֻҪˣʣ˸ͲΪˣΪСӰʲôԼҪɱҪѷģ˭֪ôסԼҲԽԽˣ뵽
צ׵ĻַĻû˿谭ͷ·ǰͿһһ㣬ɼ֮еѪûг֣Ҳͬûг֡
ãһȥɾʱǰɫ䣬龹ȻַӰֲǸǸǼ١
ʱڵĹۿȴһܣַֻ뼫һӰ٣һֳ
׷Ҹϣʱʱ֣·˾ĿɿڴôҲû뵽ַȻԲ뼫һϳ̡
տʼʱ⣬ֻҪһʼƾΪֵַԽԽԼĳȦ֮С
棬ȴֲȻðȻֹⳡȶҾҪֹʱҲһﻢµĸо



618 ǿ
䣬һһʮȦӣʱϷʱ衣
ۿȾҪ֣ȴַܱڼ䲻ݷ֮ʶߡ
ʱһֹв⣬ҲĪĿԲɣɻ󣺡ʱ
һֲ̾ʵʱҲҴȣԼλ֮УԼǰУҲǲԩ⴫˵еĻǿ߿ոһΪҲΨಽˡ
ȴЦǼ̫ɵˣȻҪˣҲαҪʲôԣǼǻʲôȦӣһ˵־ɱаʮַҲǵָ֮䣬һˡ
һ漴ͷ⻰ǲ١ȴǼֻ¸ӲַļǣȻǽˣ㻹ɵǮ
Ŷ˵ȴԽͿַУɰ
ö޹ɴΪ꣺û֮ץסСЩϹУƽ뵽˴ؾȫҪһٵмӰ
ɾʱַͻȻ
ַȻˣæǰַһ˷ܵʤ
ʤƨ뿪˵أԽԽãûӰסˣӦֻ¶ѱСַ԰գԶʣӶȥ
ôʲôһãȻסˣǰַȴԼСˡ
Ȼף𿴵ַԶҲǸһ棬֮ϷɱǺܿ췢ַ֣֮ȴ켲ǼĻӡеĸֲһ
ǲף˵ҪϿȥΪȴݲȣĪȴˣ𣿡䣬ȴһ˿⣬ȴַ֪α쾳磬ɶǲˡ
ַͷһЦ鷳ˣ
һ˵ͷͻȻ֮һͻȻһɫ䣬ǾɣֱΪȻתΪַɫһץסֱۣԾһıϣһβһڣǰ洩ȥ
ӦǱ뾡ϵüǶһַͻȻڵ
ΪʲôҪܣûлشַʻɻȻ뼫ĶһռϷ磬ΪʲôҪ֮ߣֻʤͿô
ַһۣЦ㻹ִĹȴʲô֮Ժȥ쵼񡣡
΢΢Щ콿תǲ㶮ôѵˣҲ֮
ַһ㶵ˣ
ɲ㾹Ȼ˶ĶͲӦܣ
ַˣ㱾£ЩƴΪʲôΪľԪһеĸʵȴһеı֤ȵȥʱˣûлˡ
䵭ϲŭַ̾˿Ц㲻ҪҲţǻ쵰˵ĺ⻹һǰںնңҲȻʩǾͷ
һɫһۣͻȻڵ޳ƣˮ޳Σ˽УǾ͸У˳Ǿ͸ıƣǾ͸ıƣʲôԵ·˵ĹֻбŻȥ
ַͻȻ⻰ҡҡͷֻǿЦ
ĬĬԵ˵ͷһ˿һıź޳գɱһһҹų˺ޣɴ˿ɼ⺣޳ǵжһһΪ壬ȥ
Ҳ˵˵ͷźˮȥ
ַӦ𣿡֮⣬΢΢Щ
еģһ˵ַ꣬һۣƺ֪һʡ
ַһȴе㲻ţƬһ޼ʣκӰһƬûʲôĪǻķֲɣ
һַ飬˿û⣬ӣȣҲˡ
ַЦΣ֮飬㲻ʲôұͳˣȴ룺Լȥȡ٣ԼǰԸ񣬻治֪᲻֡뵽ַͻȻ̾Ϣһ૵ܻᣬҲɲɣ
˵ʲôᣬʲô᣿Ȼַ
ַɫ΢죬æûʲôˣ˵ַĵУ̧ͷǰȥֻǰˮͻȻһģİӰ



619 ǽ
ַɫﶼ׷̧ͷǰȥһӰˡ
ַֻеˡŴ˿ֻ̼ѴӻþлعϼһԸ֪ԼϷˣ󣬶Ȼŭ˿ֻȫ׷ǡ
ü׷ڷ״̬µļʲô鶼
ӰԽԽһһǰɫĹ콢⴬вĹͷƣǴܷ״̬˿ˮǱá
˵ǼȡãԾҲֻӵмˮʻܼʻĶеλ۳ͣٶȷǳ죬ʱͽӽַ
֪ʱȻأ˭ڼʻ
Ƕ硣
Уͣǰֻһųţ߳һλߴ͵Ϻòȴ޹ǰڰϣʵС𣿡
ǰȥص磬Сˡ
Ϻ°ţɲϲɫĺС㣬ϲĶҽˣյǡ
ȻַһվһԣϺһͷַָһʵ˭
ϺǰЦ壬ҵĿˡ
Ϻɫ΢䣬վԵĹûеõ
ҡͷϸ֪
ǰϺһҾѹɤ˵С㣬Ŀ˲ۡ
ҵľˣ׼ϴģ岻Ҫ
ϺΪѵϡ
Ǳ
Ϻͷһַһۣһ˿ɫ޿κεϴɣ
ַһʱһͻȻַСĶô⴬ѽ
ַҲ֪ƬˮӦòķֲ˵ֹ֮Ҳκķֲӵеġ룺ϺĪı֪С㣬֪磬ȴҪ֣ѵͨѶ
룺ʻȴ֪˭Ī⺣ϵǡңԹԣ϶Ůǹ۰ģȻöɢ⣬ʱӦ
ϺǰûпַΪʱ߽ϸ鿴΢ǿߣַֿһΪЦû뵽λҲǻǿߣ
壬˵Щʲô
ϺָһַЦջǿߣ֪ǶǻǿߣҲֹˡ
쿴ַһۣŵǿɲȥͶҸ׵ġ
Ϻ⻰ɫһһ˿âȴ˵
ַջǿʲô
Ϻ̶̻ص˵
Ц壬ǿ쿪ɣ
Ϻ߱ЦֹӣС𣿡
ַ˵ͷ
ϺֵȥʲôĪСĶ㻹ûг
ַСԼ»治æ
ϺֻΪ˸Сζ
ַţϾͿȥ
ϺЦȻ㽢˵㡣
ַЦǾһ·͸·ˡ
ĪĵǴʲôƺ«׻߲ѽ
Ϻڻعһ˲䣬һݶ֮ɫЦھߡ
Ϻȣ½иڴʮ׵ˮ֣Ǽ׷׷ַ¡صڣ룺ȻǱ纣Ļ壬񣬶Ҫлʼ֮񣿡
Ҳڵϵˮֻ֣гŽūһһˡ΢΢˵ͷйͷ
ַǽڲڳոū˾ƲˣֻʢװƲ˵ýϸƬɣ۹ĵ۹ݳ֮
;Ʋ˸ǷʢȻһȴһҲԲ£ǶߣΪߣЩʳٸʲôȤԣһϴǾͱĿϢ
ַȴνζǰ֪ԼʱѸҪԶˣҲǰ಻סᱭͺȣЮ˾ͳԣȫ޹˼һƲϣֳַЩˮ˶ڵϢǺ޵ϰߣһʱҲȤȥԼĲշ
һԴӽһշУղһַ˿ңҲֻôڷҺõʱūˮصԼƲˡ
⵹ϲƷζʳַ󱥿ڸ⺣еʳǷǴ½ܱġ
ںǱУһ谭ˮˣձ㽫塣



620 ҹı
һգһڤ룬Ĵȥȴַʳָʾַּ֣ȳȥ
һعβ档
Уߵһձǰַڱϣһ編ʩΪϸ΢ԼǹֻҪˣСȴж׷ܡΨһ֮ƣǽõС£׸ϣܽ
ȴϺӿڵǼһｫСĶκú󣬲֣˭֪СĶ⼸춼ûɫѵ˲ʲôǼһСβΪɣЩǰָֻţԾӣű
ҼǶ˵ΪȻǻλǿߣ˳ηǵȴֵģûסͿɾѰˡǼһǿһ˵ĴڣţֻҪסֵģΨ־ܡǿֹԽǴһһˣպĵλҲȻͬˡ
һľȴгƬֵ̣ʵƵס
ǸʶʱСӡϺɭȻƹˣǼһóԺúȣײʮ̳ҺƣϵٹգɵִˡʱǽףƽΪɣֵСӺȾƣЩԻҩȻܻ׽ֿһ֣ˡ
һ⻰Ҳûȴɵ磬ֻȹҵСϵĶ˶𱨣ƺס
Ϻȹǣȴͼ죬嶨вɸ˵ܣһĵˣԴˣھ֮С治ϣ㲻ɱҲ˫˫㣬ȥһΪ
Ȼ
ϺմǣҪɫҪװЦ򲻿й뷨
˷׷޵˸߼ϺΪ⣬ǺֱЦ
һŭģͻȻ̵ģھȥЩ쵰գҪǽ룡
ɣַתסһĺ͸䣬ɰ̾һزУ˵ϵˣֻĮ飬Ϊˣɲŭ
һ鶯׹ֱðԲǻ
ַЦϺǸļСˣȻֻΪ˽ʱ𣬶𱨲Ϊ֣ҼУЩʵڲΪ塣
˵꣬һǴëֱ̫ơ̾һԼôԼΪˡ뵽΢΢ЩЦ
գһֵ䣬ÿÿƼαЦͷ̣¶ʹɱ֣һʱַĻǿ
䣬ѽ߽磬ϺȻ룬Цֹӣձɵ壬ˣС˵ˣ˴ܹŹ壬ֹŴǹʶҪ룬Աл⡣
һЦ뵽ʱ޲ǰǷɿַȻı飬ȴǿɬޱȣڣᣬַЦƸúȣСƽͺ⡣
һһ𿪿ڣҲǿЦСܻ壬޹ͣҲпͣΪֻлַȴлң壬񲻳˰ô
һйĲƤ̣죬֪λش
ַһһЦߣȾȥ˹Ϻǰȥ
ʱԴ֪飬ֻ֪δϺַҲҪƣַһͬһ
ַҲһ㶣漴ЦʷᣬﶼҪˡ˵մΪ̳ϾһһЦȸ룬ꡣ˵ȸһ롣
ַЦתȥһվԶһװˣȾơ
һβĹϺһƻúȣ
ַƣݸһһЦһˣﶼ˹ƾƣҪһݡ
һӹƱƣ̧֣ڹϣȵһôˣ
ȴ治ɫЦⱭ־ģ֮ǰЩᣬҹȾƣԹˡ
ߣԹ壿һһ˲Ҫ¿Ϊ



621 ƾͼ
ַҡͷԲԣԹŲҪ˶ˣȾƵȴֻйôһ˾ǴЦʹȴЦַֻ
ۼÿһƣϵĺŨһ֣ҲýЩԣŪһΪԣأַתƻ⣬˲ſЦ
ڲ˹ƾֺȰգϾȾ죬ַȴɫʣֽЦ⼸ͬ۹ã࣬ǹ壬Ϳ๦ߣ룬Ʋ塣
֮˭ҵƲҲֻκˣϺͷƣȰַ೪룬ַһʮ󣬽Ʊһ飬¶֮ɫȵȺȣȾӡ˵գֱֱ˵ϡ
־ֲôˣ
һһɣͺȵûȸߣӻҪȡĿҡͷ¶֮ɫͻȻһĸоϮȫȫģһҲζػȥˡ
ͻȻַһˣзǳ⣬ʵôˣ
֪ԵɣȴֻݸЦֻˣҷǻȥϢ˵ȥץһ첲һ۵ֱȵû˭˵ˣƴ
˵㵸΢΢һЦæǣûˣߣȥϢ԰գҲһζһͳȥ
ʱʹ󺺲֪ʱַߣҲַ˳ȥ
һĻǲ⣬૵ѵĺˣҡҡСԴ߽Լķ䡣
Ҳ֪˶ãһ΢һЩֻﵭģζȴƺϳأһ죬Ǳִס
ȴַô
һ˶ȥȴ涼ڣһСľϷһҹ飬⣬
һסĵط˵Уƿţ˽һĳȴߵַǰ䶢ַеⲻʱַ
龰¶ڱУëȻȻַȴЦϹǼγǣҲǵЩˣôȴǡ
ַеصǽãȴ֪ǲ壬͵ҪܵϵĴʹǰ̹һΣԽҲȥˣֻöԲˡ
ַЦ㽫סҪӹ
ҡͷʵҲֻ֪һǿˣӦþܹˣ˵ﻰ治뺦㣬ΣҸϧԼС
һһ壬Ǹ
ʱ䣬⴫һ˻ˣȥˡ˵˳ȥ
ְʱһ̾˵ϴ㣬δ֪ڱ׽ˣһӦô죿
ûһַһЦһһ˫һϸ죬ٿһͷһҪ˵ȴһ֪ס
ʲô
ַЦԼƲͳˣ
ּæŶַһˣ˭֪һţֻǰһһۣ̽˫֣鼱䣬ˣȴ˵ַǰַڹһģӦֶ
һһֱЦסַ죬ڷ䶶һö棬ֻһαȼжʱݻҴڡ
𾪿⣬뺰Ȼ𣬲ϻδһӳö򣬻淢ңڲʰһ򣬹ַתӡ
ݶֱ㶪һȥ֮˲ԶԶܿһۣݶըһȼһʱŨ֮С
һЦַǳ̻૵һѻǲǷŵ̫Щ
һЦصеǣ˲壬Ӿ飬һˣʲô£ȻȻģǻ쵰ȻҴү⣬ҲȻȻġ
ַ˵ͷҲãҲղǼһ
ղһЦͷǱһȴٲˣϴӣ֪ﻹҪ죬ܽУȻ˵ڿɲռˡ
ַЦʵҲǶûĺô룬ס壬ûô򵥣ǶļıȻϣȻ˾֣Ҳֻùˣһ˰ˣǽʥء
һ˵ͷ⽫ƾͼֽ߲ȥ
ַȻȥСˣǿĹ͡



622 Ŀ
һһȥ±¶ô
ַҡͷҴûҪݣֻСȥףǾǹͣùȥǵϣǾͽֽȻͬݡ
һ΢΢죬׹־ϲϵҲָֻȥˣ
ַЦЦҲǺεģ˭ˡ˶٣ַҸղʶƹ⹬ĵΣ˵ؼǹҪסСסǱߡ˵һָϷ
УƹɼǰȻƬеýˣǰͷ뼸ʮūѾ
ַСڹڣƵȥǱȴһƬԣֻ⻨ԶЩɺ񡢽𻨣Բ
ַ͵͵һڣ˽ȥɲһ룬ȻڷǼ뷿Ŷױ̨ԱһŮӣžӡ
ַ֪òʱҪתŮھпæˡ
ַʱһ죬֮ǰֻԼçײ㷿ǲף΢죬ַæԲҲ֪װ졣
תȻǰվˣȥ·ȴҲˣٳȥǶһô
ԣַֻתûУ
ĵ˵أ˵ʹ棬֪Լˣڵһν֮ʱ֪Լˡ
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һᣬֹӣҸҪ㣡
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ĿѾͷҲûܣ»˳˼ˣּǶô
ϵЦˡ
Ŀ㡮šһֵأ㲻˵׽Ǹǿ׸ôôˣ
һʱûΣһַһߣݽ˻ݣֻʱͷ˿˸⣬üëҲûһһڻ֮ʱģͳģͿɼӺˡ
ֻǿߵӺܴҲƴҪ׸ʱеһ˾ȻԪ飬£һʱ֮䣬һʱ֮䡭δ˵꣬һЦ
Ŀˣ˵ܵȥˣҪǰ׽ãɲҹ䡣
ܵܵ϶ʵڲ˵ˣҪ׸ϵˣе΢ϵҲǶģԴ˿Ҳ֪ν˵ˡ
Ŀһ˵ȥǶ֪ˣߣǸõĶ
ӿڵū£ĸǿ߲ǹթ쳣ôģ˵˻ץסǱˡ
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㬣һĿ̾⻰Ȼȴֲ֪ǵȦˡ
̾ǰͻȻѣһʱȻˣһɶļһﻹӽ˻УһҪΪֻѪծ
ЦѪծʲôѪծֻ˼ëѣѪˣ˵㻹ϣңһ֣ȫǳ׽󣬲κǣʲô⡣
ߺߵصⲻ֪ôСӣûǼһֶΣһǿ߶ˣתµдڱӣһ˿



623 ֮
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һַ¶ŹСۣдʣĿĿȴԽԽ
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624 츳ͨ
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⻰ַȴ಻ѣ̵ģΪǿͷΪǻֻû뵽ӽһ̣ежӵƿ֮УһСүʵһ㣬ֱ̯ơ
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ΪУ֮ͬбе֣˭ַ֪Ĺֱ籩һ㣬㴭㰵ԾʵҲ벻ַĹȻۺ
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ʱֻ½еʮйȥˣһѹȥˣҵˣƷ˼ôУ͸Ͻϵͷ䣬˼ҷɣʡС
ı죡ʱַƵϴļЦƲɵһַ˻һӡϣ˳ߣЦˣ
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ħ￴ƽƺֻ࣬ͷѣһֻͷɫһֻͷɫȫ֮ϣҲɺڰɫɡ
ǿźͷϵĴ컹΢΢ſţδպϣȻ֮ǰźڹͷ
˫ͷַɵ΢΢һʱָ֮ǰǿ̫̫࣬Ȼǻ춥壬α磬Ҳֻһ֮ң
ֻҪδͻƽ磬ҪӮ㣬ҾоԵģַȫâǣ֮ϻ磬ƺܵһ֮С
Ĺַò߶Ͼǰ˫ͷǻ춥壬ַҲҵġ
ȣһͺȣַΪһ׶ͻӰȥ
ĿַһۣǿŰͷ΢΢̧һ£һǿ֮İ׹⾹ȻȻһƺյͻȻһ
ã츳ͨ׹˸ʹַ˫һۣһͷĿѣĸоͻȻϮͷͬʱҲƺͻȻ֮ʧȥټ
꣡һɾĺַĺ֮ϣ˺ʮɣڵϡ



625 ˮ
ϻַΪԼƵĵؽ׷˿ѷ׷׸ƣȫһȻŷַҲѵһֲĵزȴһЩˣҲ߳˿Ѫ˿
ٶȺܿ죡ҲǿЩҶܳܵˣؼͻȻֵİ׹⣬ͻȻǵ׹⣬ңҲѵĺܣǵ׹츳ܣַӵվ䶢㣬һâȫٴ÷סܽһˣҲЩ˲ˣɨַһۣӻΪһӰٴַ˶
ϻ̫ˡַҡҡͷƺݺһ̤棬һը죬֮һӶǳ˼Ӳʯ֮ϡ
ը죬ַ壬ǻΪһĲӰһĹڳ֮˷Щ
ַͻȻٶȣǿͷɫԽԵЦһצ٣һͨڣ̵¹ֶ
趯䣬һ׺ľ磬͵ǰӿֶһŴ̶Ʒ֮ݺݵĶַԴҶ
ַԴ΢ƫȭͷգعâȭͷţۻͷŵ
¹ƣַǰһȭЯۻľݺݵĶǴһƬӰ¹ȥ

Ľཻ˽ִŴ˳ĴһȦ͵Ҳ¹ȭͷ䱩ӿ˳ʱַΧĿռ䶼ı˵ѷ졣
ջ¹׺ĶԺ֮䣬Ųм˼ַȴǽ˺˰벽ǽȹ
ԭϲӲģٺ٣ڱͺġ̤زӣ㿴ַһۣǰⷬӴҲǿַʵƲƲ죬мЦ
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ڼ뵽㹥Χ֮ʱַ͵һգ徹ȻǹĺƵλãɾʱһˮͻȻʱȻҪˮС
һĻ˺ȻУſڣ³һҲƵˮȻƿ˵Уɻ˾ģ˾ǣǵˮûַ󣬲ûɢһ
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ַΣҲ죬ɿǴˣȴɫףʱͻȻˮֹҪСˣ
Щϲˮһ٣ſڷѾͷ㵽˭Ľ㣬ҪˣҲϵܡƣɭɭ
Ǵúë૵ȻҲֽ֮⣬⡭һʱ֮䣬ȻҲ˵ɴ˿ɼֽ֮жôֲ
װŪҪΪҲı壡ַۻǹǹƩ綾ߣûϢЩˮ˵š
һԭֹˮҲĴη壬ûһǹ֣Ȼ񣬷ҪȲʣЩˮ¶Цڴţˮǿ³
һУֹӵģЩˮлǣ⣬Ҫǣ롭
˵ͻĿһߴѾͷľ֮Ҫƽô
ҡҡĿףһʱ֮䣬Ҳ¾ˣһ壬һȴԼϵ֮ˣֱ⣬Ϊѡ
ʱͻȻĿֵģСҲôöԸģóˮ󣬿Ҳȡʤ
ôԴϲæ̧ͷַȥ
ȻַзЩˮһ˲䣬ǹ˳˳ȥ
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ڳ֮ˣа˶ˮԭĿ㣬˶󾪵ôˡ
ν֮ǰʮŵˮδʣȴƱĳ֮弤ֱߣշַ
ַԴнε֮εħնɱ٣ּεˮˣҲЩɵۣȵˣˮ



626 ˮ
ַγѣڵغԾˮӰΣǰַܲ鼱ǣ̤ǣȻ˫磬һֻչӥϡ
˼أɵһãֻĿ΢΢üͷһ˿ɫ
ַŵúȲʣ΢е⣬һ΢г⣬һδȥЩõֳ֮ȭȫܲ͸磬ǽӴ֮ǰˮᱻԸǿ͵Ĺƣݺݵصȥ
һһ׾һһأһʱƳɽ֣Թ˾죬ֵˮһĪУ˵Ĳȴֵúܣȥ֮䣬ΪξƲ
Ŀ㵭ȻӦߵȵǲûƹôϵãԼȴСӵʲôôӵ
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̲סŭūţұ졣ŭУҲƣоŭǡ˽кãǺţַһƺС
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ַҧתаâһ콣Ȼ֣콣׻̫󣬲򲻵֮ʣַǲʹõģ˫ּӿ콣֮Уӿ֮ʱ콣ѿʼɢǧƽ˿
һȵ翹ôٶַȣʹթܻʤΪʲô˵ʹթֻΪĶĿķ
ӵӹͨ㲢βֻ轫֮׳ԶУ˵ⲻַĿַ
Сϸã֮ͬУû֣㣬Ҳһʹãֻ֪Լַܸȡַٻ
ۼַлҷδ赲ȫ֮ʱͻȻһ콣âҲУһ롣



627 
һӰַɨһۣ飬һ㲻֪ô֪׻ȻһֻȥֵֻһֱѪɳһҽС
ɲǼ䣬ţַʧһֱۡ
һеȫۼƣ޲죬ټַһնһֱۣĿҲɫ䣬ͻؿһȴֲ֪뵽ʲôüͷ΢壬ջ˲ӡ
ҽУæԾŶϱԹеôģ
ַǿҲǿ׻
һѿڵ׻
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ңԮȴݣԥ䣬ַһһַۣܲһһۣɳȥʱǿڱѪ˫ϡ
ַһʵ飬ҪôѲǶϱôˣ뵽һ֮ǰԼΪҲŭ֣ۼ𣬵·ϣס½󣬲ɱȭȭζҲҪȭ˽ȵס֡
ַͷȥһɫ԰ףԼĿ
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룬Ŀ㣬ȻĿ㣬أҲôվţűҪɱ
Ŀ̾Լõģ֣Υ壬ǴȥĻϣҲ𡣡
壿ϣЦ֪һֱڻӣչذأ֮ʣۼһҪڸУ㲻֪ĺôվһԣۿɱĶӡ
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ӰЦã̾⺢ӣͰҵģԺ˴ˣֶϽ֮ˣôǺã
ЦҵܼˣҼβźá
Ͳ˵һûһӰһۣȥҷȻͽΪ֮֫ˣɲСˣøϽźá˵ձ㣬ȥˡ
ַŶ˱ӰЦ֪ģом뵽ȾЦ־̶뵽ӰǷִȰϧԼҲ뵽ġ
Դ磬Ľĸ۰ûһȻһɹţ᷿
Σֱҹ죬̶һЦſڡ
촫⣬һ뱼
ɫ΢䣬æ
ַһۣ뿿ЦҪҳȥ
šһ˵Ȼ֪ҵôԸ㣬ҾûЩ
ַȻЦЦȴ쳣ᶨ˵ҿĿ㣡ʵϻǿ֣߳һҪ˼ʲôȻ֮ǰʱͲ˵һˡ
һʱȫϸ׵Ĵֳֹǵӿڶ˵ʲôһ̤סַ֣κͣշ


628 ·
ڿУĵ㺮âֻУһһ˹ȥ
ַţ˫ֻʮΧסǵȥ·ַɨһۣ⿴ҪҳȥѵͲӴô
ʲôҪҲһ顣ѿڶȻڣŷҲֱ̫ЩҲЩ췢̣
һ꣬ʮ󺰣з׷ַȴûһ˸ҿ
ЩַҲɱֻ֣һ̤һҲʮȴûַôԾģֻԴ顯һ죬֪ײͻ赹ڵء
ַ飬߳ʱֻðɲʮҪߵԽѣڷ
һأַⶰɭΰĽ棬ĴӰӰ߱ȻַѾ嶼֪зҪӳˣѶΧ
ɫַڰȥʮַͻȻͣסǰ
ѲȺֻҪ߳ڰͻᱻǷ
ľڹʯַϢһʯһ˷
Ѳ֮˿ַ׷׵ӷأӷأٽһƬҵһ㡣
ֻһԾʯϣѵñַӳʮŭԼĿͷǻߣЦԼǻŭҺȥй
ʯرߣʯ涯ʱϣַ鷳ɢʶɨҵַϢͻȻһ
ȻϽַߣԼַ̽Ϣѵ̽ϽϢôһһԼֻҪҳһ˾ˣ뵽һЦٴνʶ̽ͻȻе԰գԱһĳַĵطͶȥ
˷ˣַһ߷Ͷĳ̤ʱڶ
ЩѲַֻԾȴ֪Ծη̧ͷʱȻĴӰǴ󺰣һʱ֮䣬ַܿӰ׷׽
ʵЩַֻóӰѻѲУȺڴҽкʱ߳˰ΧȦޡ赲涨ķ򣬼ȥ
ۿҪľڣһƬ򣬵ǰȴȻַλãַ󾪣֪˭Ԥ
ֻˮ߳ʮˣʮ˶ǻǿߣʮˣַȴֻʶˣ˾Ǵˡ㡢ͦذαΰȻҲӡ
ַĿ𣿡
һ˵Ȼڣ
˾Ŀ㣬Ŀ߽⴦һһַǰȥ뿪վҶ᷿ţȴΪҪӣѵҶ㲻
ٺ٣ŵ˺٣һ£ֻԼĿ֮ǰʮǿߣַûʲôȴ³ˡ
ȴЦӢۣܣŵȥߵַǰЦ㶨Ҫٺ٣ȻɣڣҿļͷٴҿȥСүһã˵׼Ρ
ַö˵ֻĿ㣬֪һ£ǲ̸˵ս콣ˮҡš
С֣ûҵĻôַҲԼ¶׹⣬˵˾䣬Ҫ֣˭֪ŲһֻĿ㻹ûԹͷô
һٵ徫ڴˣб죬Ҳҷֺ
Ŀ㳤̾һ㵽׺ʱмʣҪǣΪҴɱôҪɱˣҶ־ˣαôʦڣ
ĬãĪɣС֣Ҫ̸˵ɫְףֺ죬漴ЦصػײҪ֡
Ŀû㣬ǿַ΢Цڴ˵Ⱥʱˣɣ˵֮󣬾Ͳٿַתߣƺ㶨ַ
ַ˿ĿıӰĪӣ૵һǲǷʩˣȫԼˣ˵ȥҾһҪȥô
ˣ߰ɣڣײôģַͷûת꣬ȴ˸ȥ
⸸ŮͬһԸ񣡡ЩƵַεţĿ棬֮䣬Ȼһ仰û˵ֱӴȺڣ˰ɴһƬˮڵţһվǰվ档


629 ϼ˫
վǰһλİĺȻ̴棬ģ͸һߺٴеɷаһߡ
һվˣһһλȥʮ꣬ݰ׵Ӣ꣬һλʮ˾ŮͬҲһĺ£òü֮飬֪Ǻйϵӡ
ԭһۿַ֣˵кһ˹ȥλĻС
ˣôˣϲһǰϱ˪ʱɢȥȰһ˪ֱӱһˮ
۰
ʱϸַ֮ϲ¶һ˿΢ЦЩӲ䵭˵ţܺãֻǶţѾͷħС
ǺǣҲˣɻ飬ҲܵģĿȽӣʱҲϲЦտַ
ַһͷˮ֪Ȼ
ʲô˼⣿һ⻰֪ôģܲˣԼĸĿ㲻ͣĿַ˲̫ԤУ
Ѿ֣վŮԴַݺ󣬾͵͵ĳַۣɫŮ˼ң˵ַܺʱθ΢΢Ķһ¡
ͬʱַҲֻǺͺõͷ֮ʣһ˵Ŀ⣬ֱֱɨַһ֮£һۣǸվںߵꡣ
һַӦԼעӣ΢¶ɫĿŲƿˡ
ģʲôգַˣɻֻɫ仹ϰԵı˲ӣ¶ĳӣĺﰵĵͷѣ
Ǵ˰ɣҾúܺʣ˵ͷͣشֱַַͣëëĺȻ˵
˻һĿ㺬Ц￴ַһᣬŵҿҪȹϲˣַãĿͻȻðôһûͷûԵĻ
￩һ£ӵĲˣַȴ뵽ЩʲôҲȷ
ʵڲ֪¿ϲʾַס뷨˵
ٺ٣￴ˣλֶŮɺ£Ϊһ˫ް£ĿĻһʱַһʱĿɿڴ
˫֮£ַʧ֮У̫ˣ
ôϣܲ飬ζŵĺ£Ҫ֪ŮӣͲܹ࣬лľ͸ٵĿˣֻҪ˫ޣܴٽΪǴŵҲĺ£Ŀ泩˵
˵ֻҪΪַߣһӦǴޱΪջ˭Ҳֵ˵ġ
һ뵽ֶ£ַӴ˳ΪһԱĿƽʱϹŰ֮ˣҲ΢Цˡ
´δ˫֮£ʵЩͻȻˣ˵纣ӦвòԶ֮ϵߣôҵأعַֻӲͷƤش˼Ե
һַĿгƴ֮¶ˣĿЩ⣬һüͷЩ
ǲܶϷģôܹڣĿЩһ˿ζ棬ŽŵܸһɣȻ¾ֻǿаˣ
ַˣп಻ˣһҲٹˣֻ֮£ҪҳܾڳƺǲװʱȴͻȻ˵һ仰ĿһַΧ
ǲǵˣ˵⣬Ŀ˿
ˣĻĿһȻַһԲĬӣ⡣
ȻҲͲǿˣһΪֶŮѰһѡġ΢ҧһº촽ЩΪѿŮһۣ¶˾ģЩ
Ƕȥֻһ˾͹ˣĿԼһ£ͻȻһ֣˶ȥˣֻʣַ
һȥһʱ䣬˸£ԼĴ㣬Ĭ
֪˶ãַͻȻڵʲô£˵ɣȴұ֤
Ŀüô֪㡭
ַһЦûõŰڳʽ𣡡


630 ᱦ
ʩһ󣬾͸ˣȻȥô飬һʱҲΥ⣬Ҳ뿪ˣϻЩĵӣַЩ
һĻĿ֮˼ãЩ˶Զŵû뵽Ȼϲ㣬֮ǰҼ㣬ΪֻΪмΪβ֮
Ŀ룬ͻȻ̾˿Ů⻰治ǴӦҲ֪ҶԾĳ谮̶ȣǶȻΥģ㣬вʣЩģ˾Ȼ㣬ȴ֪Ƿ
ַһҡͷǸŮӣ˭ȢָϧȴΪôף
Ŀһ㶣ŵ⸸ײΪҸ𣿡
ַ㲻Ҫջң˵ɣ쵼һĻԳҵ󣬵ȥʲôǸŮӣҲ뵢ഺҪǺһġ
ĿЦܹҲܹˣ㱻ҿѹǰ˵ã˵ҺʵǶıΪǿ˴˹ģͨһԣ㣬Ҳˣ
˶٣ֽӿڣ΢΢Щõ˵þֵʲôģ⻰˵ˣбҪôô
еģΪϲһжƿеڵߣǲһⷢģַҡҡЦû͸һ룬֮ʱǾԲ׿ڽȥµġ
ַĻĿȴ΢ЦȻǸˣֻҪһ£Ҿͽ޸㣬Ҳϲ
ַŭȵ޳ܣһֱΪȸ㾴мӣȴôɣΪ˽ȻԼŮҲãµǲֶΡ
ĿвѵĿԣҲˡ
ַЦѵĿԣ᣿ԲΪǴĿģǼԼĶӱɱܣŮİݵˣҽǼʶˣ飬Աҽᵽʲô˽
Ŀɣŵ㲻Ҫʹֵȥն˫ն˫㣬Ȼһһ£
ַ˿壬ЦԿ˭˭ʹֵȥ
Ŀһ˿⣬룬ŭֽƽϢ˵Ϊﵽ磬ͻΪʲôҪϰˣɼ£ˣ㾿Ը£³ɺұ԰ȫ뿪纣򣬻ص硣
ַһҡͷȰһųһ̸
ĿںܺãΪʲôҪ
ַ㲻Ҫջң֪һˣȻǾԲ᲻ҵġ
ĿЦܹ¾͸Ӱˡ
ַ۾ᡣ
ĿЦҵĵطҪ˭˭ߣַ޶ԣĿι۾ٺú̸̸
ַ۾ûʲô̸һ˵϶ء
ĿٺЦΪһһô㾡ܷģҪȥºܼ򵥣ϣҶһˣȥμˮԳٰġᱦᡣ⡮ᱦᡯĴ޻ÿһٰ꣬һΣ븽ܴﵽڵĺ㼯һãٰһδᡣΪľ˲ţǿڱ纣ĵλĴԺķչ޴꾳ˡǺޡħޡֻǰ壬޲۱ߵˣĴ޻ÿó˶ᱦ֮Ƿͬһ㡣˵ˮԳó˴˵е鱦ضݡΪ˴εͷͷȻһЩ챦鵤Ҳв١ԣٽӵĻǿ߶μӴ˴δᣬϾضݡһ޶֮һ˲Զ˭Ҫӵٶ鱦磬ͿԺ޼ˡɺ޵ǣضݱֻ֮ҪһϹŶĶУˮԳ壬һֱһĲҲһֳ衣
ַЦҪҰ£ȥرضݣ
ĿĵֻҪҶضݣϷһ⻹Ὣ¼ˣΪһ֮£֮µĴڡ
ַһȻѾôĻȲضݣȥʲô
ûбҪ֪ĿЦú룬Ҹһʱ￼ǣȥǲȥ˵ǰĺˮԶֿĿԶˮȥ


631 뱻
Ŀһߣ;ԶĿЩֶڿĻش
׵ˮѣĿĹ⣬ȴûȥһۡ
ʱֿǰˮ˹ַϵı飬̽ŵ֪ǽ㲢ѣҲֻƼˮѣбҪôô
ַ俴һ۵㣬ʱô졣
Цޱͬ񣬴ͷԷɣɨǰѩĪ˪ô¼һһֺܶ࣬αء
ַĻ㲻ȥ
ЦˣȻǣҿɲΥͷӵ⡣
ַߵķǣĿΪʲôһҪõضݣҪʲô
Ŀ治֪
ַҡҡͷ
¶˹ܵЦݣҲ㻹ǲ֪ĺáȻַҲһԻǲ˵ضʲô
ȻĿҪضݣΪ֮ãΪѸҪǶȻҪɻɸ˵ܡ
ַȴ벻ͨˡ
ҿͲؿǣͷӶ˼ɵӣ߾ߣﻹûȥ㣬ֺαҪһȥˮԳ壿
ַĽԼе콣ڣȻˡ
һ仰˵ˡ
ÿ˶Ŀжպ֮ɫûĿȴû˳֡
ˣĿ㿴ַһۣתߣֻҪ֮ʣ˻֣һᣬҲֻøַȥˡ
˳˷˺徳ڣȻˮ棬ڿնӰӰַ
ַͷЩʲô
𣡡
ַ˭𣿡
ЦЦ㲻֪
ַЦ֪Ͳˡ
㲻֪ãһֱҵ
𣬲ȴ֪ٺң˿ȴҲұֵġ԰գַˮԳ֮طڶȥ
ߣҪŹͷһϡ
Ӱ纣Ͽշɱ˰֮һѸĺâͻȻͣ˱纣һ½֮ϡ
ַӭڰ֮УպͽµĴ½ɫء
ԴӽƬ½֮ķ֣һվȻŵĳѪɫһƬǸĿգǺҹǰ׳ѪɫδʧĴһ˿Ѫζ
⻹˾ȵģ˸ӸеȵǣЩѪɫζУԼо̺һּԹԹ֮δ
ַƣѯʣһȻ֪飬ȴǲ˵
ҲַĺģȻ㲻˵ֻԼȥŪﾹʲôھˮԳĶᱦᣬһʱ䣬㹻Ū¼ˡ
еɻռ½ȥɾʱͻȻһŨҵԹӵϳγѪɫԹɫڰŤȻڱŸ״
ַܲͻԹɨУʱһԹָϮо̿֡塢ΡȻԹޣͻȻܵԹϮʹַڿ֮ݵʧ״ֱֱ̬׹ȥ
ַ󾪣ųֻס׸ԼԹĽӴһԹɫзɿĬһ龲ڵɷ˳ȥڵѪ
Թĸţͷ俴һֻۣ˫ֻ¶Ц˿ȴǼ裬˿ʹַ̬ҲЩŭˣܿЩԹ
侲·ȥҪ澿Ƿʲô¡
ɵַµʱȴ־ŭˣ˿һƬï֣ܵУģӰֻЩȴͨˣȴûһߣʥŴ½࣬ûʲô
ŭǣЩ֮ͨ󣬾ȻͷޣЩι״Ʒ֣ǸЩ֮ɱ졣
ۼʮͷ˳תۼ䣬Ѫ⣬˶Щ̵ȥˣʮ˽Щ޶ӵһ˲䣬ʮɵԹЩͷðġ
ЩԹγһɾ޴˵ӣɡɱļңǹԹԽԽŨ
ΪһĻַȻͷ㣬һִݼ˳ô£
ַһַۣѪʱȴͻȻһڵһ麣ȦĴ½ȡʳ
ΪʳӿУϵַе˿˿⣬ۼ༴ΪЩ޵ʳַֺתΪǻŭ


632 Գ
ô˵Ҳһ࣬Ȼ࣬ô;Բ鷢ӲŲܣȫϢͻȻȥ
ӰּһϢƶһôӰ֮УĿŲԶǸĺޣЩΪߣߵҲǾ磬ַ˵ȫֵһᡣ
ʱһͷλĺһ࣬δ⼸̰ܵһۣɿȥ
ַĿкâһȻӰԭʧٴγֵʱѾһվͷ޵ıջеѪĻ꽣
ͷ޵ҲûףԼôģֻԼѪһѪðѪݣ֮һԺͨԵڵϡ
ɱͷޣַ΢٣ͷҲصķǰȥһ꽣ڻҵ֮С
ֻҪޣ˵ɱ£֮УͷޣǶʮͷޣںޣ߻Ǻޣ˵һģһ¡
ַĶ׵ĴԽʮɵľ룬ǵĺ󷽣Ǻ޷չɱûһͷܹϮɱ
ĵطһƬţЩ־ϲǱǰλȣʱû֮ˣͬЩ֪ʲôˣô
һһ¿ˮȴʲȥַĿͻȻɨʱЩƵʱһ
кʱڳ඼׷׾ִУðŵȿֺԶȥǿˣʮɵľ룬ַգһ۾͹ȥˣǸͲ˵пǱڵĺޡ
ǧɢȥֻЩ޵ʬ壬һ¿տֻɢѪζ
ַɱеĺ֮ĬĬһþֵǣþַ۹䵽ʱȻèһҶҲ졣
ôߣַǿͻȻ俪ڵ
ֵǣǿþһâ֮ϣȻһֻ򾪾Ťַ۾Ҳ˿־֮ɫ
Լڿŵһ࣬Ƭ½
ַҲڿɱ㣿
ǿþϵȻ̾˿ұûе㣬ΪʲôҪӣ˵Щޣֻһ飬Щûаϵ
ַȷûеңֻҪҵѡ
ǿþҲǵġ
ַŶ
ⱾǲӦĵطء
ַüȦ࣬ȴòˣ
ȦĲǡ
ַǣ
ǡ
ַ˭
½أϧһͷڵĺ޴ǵ죬ϳ½ӴԺ½ͱˣͷ޿ʳĳأҲ֣Ϊĵطڱ纣洦ɼġ
ַ˵ܴܲȥҵͷޣ
㲻˵Ҳȥġ
ַŶţȻЦЦȻˣǾͷһˣ
ҵңǡͻȻͣ٣Ͼ
һ˫ͻȻһӾ͹סʺû˵һ֣Żϵ۾͹ѣȻͻȻɣͻȻή
ַɫһ䣬̧ͷһֳһӣеͻΪ׹Ų
ַ㲻ɱġ
ЦЦɱޣΪʲôͲɱ飿
ַ̾˿㻹ǲôɱġ
ЦΪʲô
ַһкܶ໰Ҫ
ҡ˵仰ͻȻϸ˿½ľӣ͵۹⣬̾Ϣ˵벻ǼһΪҲܶѡط
ַʶ½ˣ
˵ͷˮԳȦĵط
ַˮԳ鲼纣ǵΪʲôҪȡһ½ס
ΪˮԳһҪò
ַΪʲô
Ϊ콫ʹˮԳ嶪˵¡
ַ᣿Ҳ˵ûѵͲܲô
ܣΪԼǰ;ͱҪ
ַ棺Щô֪ģ
ЦЦѵ˭ôҿҲÿ֮䣬ܻЩϵġ
ַҲǹƨʲôϵ½Ȧ£ȴܲܣ
Цð죬ֱȥҹܳ׽¡
ַǣ
ָָϣ档
ַһڿնҲȥͻȻ䣬һַϮַ顯һڵء


633 թ
ţһ׵Ȼϣַδعѵȥ
ҡ춼ڲͣҡš
ַû۾Ѹоеע
ˣҲԶѷЩʵڲԸٿ
ǱŷǳӢȴѱ˵ĳª
΢Цţ벻ɣ
ַ˵ͷҵȷ벻ΪһֱΪûǰǶҶֵġŬʹԼƽȻˣΪʲôƯЩ
΢Ц˭˵Ҫ֣ͷӷûǰ治ɱ㣬ֻҪҶһǼº󣬺ٺ٣ֻ·һˡ
ַȲסңΪû˷ɺȴ뵽Ҷ㣬ʱͲˣǲ
ЦûһҲͷӽ£ʱͷӶȻҹĿ࿴úôţȱǼ£Ҫ壬ͷۿˡ
ַϴأ
ԣȻ̾˿Ǿֻ·ˣģ·úܣϾܵĿĵء
ַˣɲ߻Ȫ·
ȻߣֻԹԴˡϰâһ¹ֿʼڶ΢ЦŵΣ㻹һ
ַͷǵһ㶼٣ֻһ˴Ͳˡ
˵ͷ£µҪͻȻĿַԣھҪ㷢¸ģӴԶĻ˿Υͻʬ޴棡
ַ⻰ͻȻûѪɫ¼ˣԣԺˡ
Цھ͸ȥι㡣
ַɫҰ׵ô˵ûѡˡ
ûѡ񣬲ѡѡƿַ
ַ亹ֱ૵ñԶԣԼԣҿûôĵӡٲ˵˰Σֵַ¶ԵȣҪǵȲõġͻȻڣ֮˸ֶԡ
ЦˣһЦķǳվַ·ϵЦͽԴϲˣʵţһӦ⹷ūŵġ԰գһӣ俪һֱֱ˳ȥ
һض֮·˵¶еַһۣһ޴ʯڶڣ󣬱ڿնˮԳȥ
ɱַȻΪȸߣĻΪԼ֣òˣסҲǴ󻼡
뵽ַ֮ԣʱ֮ãܣֻйԹԵˣԽԽǵ⣬̲סЦ
ַȫѱ˽ƣ֮һһʧˡ
ȴ֪֮˵ֲޱȣû˸ҷַ˵Ǳȳ԰ײ˻ס
ַһߣ̾˿૵ƾĽҵеͬһҲɵ̫ɰˡ԰գóһӰעʹ֮òɢ
ƿʯȥ뿴еЩʲô£Լ֪ģȻҲóȿˡ
ֻ纣Ͽգâ࣬е÷۳㣬һӶʱ벻ַβͷĶݹ⣬ҲΪȥμӶᱦߣ뵽ݹ˾ַ
һǰһڿбͻȻһײǱȥַȻҲĸǱȥڿжûַˮУ͸Ӳַܷˡ
ʱַǱ˺׵һɽһһĹȿڣŲͣУַҪȿڣ̧ͷɽһ˸ߴ֡ˮԳ塣
ַˮԳˡһɣҲ⣬ͽУɾһ˲ĵַһʱʧȥӰӣ룺ҲܵǰȥˣǼӿ첽ӣԽԽˡ
Ĺȵ߰ˮϮɭ̹ǣʱַѳײӰЩԼȻҲн˸ʱ
žˮУַ֮ˮҲûˣٴǰǱ˼ʮɣȻͣ½ŲĿȥ
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634 
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龰ַɴͣ˶ݹ⣬ԭ̾˿
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636 Ů
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637 
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ֻڳǽ߽ǵһ䳡һƽ̨ϣƯβͬӳɶž棬һλˮԳĺɫΣò⺷Ĵ󺺣һλһӣۻƷƤڣɫۣǳĹ죡
ǵһ͵İɫ֣޵˸ţֵ棬һһƬվڣЩУ޲һ۵ȫͳһȺ
һվ룬ѻȸһѵصģˮԳ֮ˣһȫǿеľӹһۣ󲿷ͬĻۻƷҲһЩ֮ͨˡ
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ǣǲãЦЦߣҴȥιһˮԳ


638 ɽ
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Ůɨһۣһӡ
ӹЦҪ£̫ίˡ
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ЦģҵСһɣӭȢ֮£ͷˮԳףʱԴϲֻǴ£ǻû˵Щˮĥ򣬶ҪĥӦΪֹȱż
ǾŮЦɲҪƭңҪôұҵ顣
һ󾪣æЦ᣿㻹Ķƭ㣿ȻȥЪţ㡣ǾŮӰһֵۣҸԼʱԳ棬׼׼԰գźЦȥˡ
ȥԶЦٿţȻһԼҲ̫鷳Щӣ³ɺ˭֪ЩǱޡ
˵ͻȻٺٵЦи֮ò֮ţĸŮ˲ϲֻ˺õζԸҲЩΪѣֹ
΢΢üһᣬͻȻһݹ⣬˼ƺҲٺòٺֱЦ˵·̬˶
λֵܣСǿٻƣٲҪҪ͵Űˣֵǣǧô


639 ҧ
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ž·⣬һ۾ͿȿվǸС϶Ŀߡ
һַ;ˣ㾹Ȼˡ
С϶һֱַҲЩжɱǰɿ˴ô
С϶ɻܴȻֻһڶǳǧκһԳӽڳִӽڵˣ㻹ǵһأ
ַһ㶣иее㲻ףʲôףȴ˵˶٣ŵ֪Գô
С϶ԳڲԶʶ·ǰھҪȥô
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С϶˵ͷһʱ£˾ˮԳҹȵҹʱ֣СУԳԶ
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ЦӦһ֣ͷߣδһ֣ıųһ׹⣬ٿסһ
﹫󾪣ҪȻϸ˿ü⾫֣һҽһҪŭʣǰ֣̾ԲסûгΪǿǰĳϲԼŷģȻﵽ˻磬ʱͻȻ뷴Լǿû˿취ˡ˵չЦ˫ֲϷų㣬֮빫֮С
ʱ﹫ѱ㣬ޱԹһʳָǰͣ䷢ɬѪ
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640 
㽫ȾѪ־ˮУͻȻջЦ֣Լ£ɵ뿪㣬ǧɵ˵գ䣬̤οͣڰȥ
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ͬʱһտĳϣʮˮԳæµţʱڵһЩһλڵˮԳ峤ߣڰעһС
ôɷܹ𣿡ֻУһ׹֣ƮǿߵĶ
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ǻǿԣҲûʲôͲˡ
ʱַ˵˵ȰȰ壬ˮѾԽԽˣвأ˭֮ǡ
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ŮӿЦ漫ˣǿõˣȴǣԾ֪ôˣ
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ɫ䣬Ц뿴֮ΣˮԳ峤֮ŮȻûѪԵϵȴҲЩ飬Ψй©µܣڣ鶼˲ˣ



642 ı
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643 
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644 ǿū
λˮԳӵ̨ܳվ뷨ԶʼµǰμӴĿˣǩͳƺöսѡ󣬶ᱦʽʼˡ
һлǿߵע⣬Ųķ׷󸽽£ȥҲ֪⣬⾹Ȼ̤󷨵ĽƷΧڡ
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ΪеַȻ˿һǰǩս˼ûУ˫ֱ磬Ȥؿڻǿ߽һӡ
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ʱٴһ΢Ĳ֪ǶַķӦ֮Щ̾ǶܶĹеЩ档
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645 
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俴˹һۣͻȻַ֪Ĳ棬ҷң±裬ÿμң͵͵ߣøūţȻܲ͸˼أҲҪѰһ
лﵱر˵Ҫ˵߾ߣδ˵꣬ڿһԾķȥ
ɻ󷢶Ҫ֮ãϵҪΪ㣬ǹūűضԶͬʱѲ˳ܽҳ
ЦˣʱһᣬֵȻɻѾҵǹūźǲҲӦȥȡԿˣעĿŹǧҪ˵ԵĻǾĲ
˰ΣŻʱ˿̣Ǻܡãʱ䣬ҾʹȥȡԿ
ϲֹȻţ²˳٣Ҵ˿̱ȥɣǹūҲȥѰˣ֮ǲΥԼԹԸģ
˵һֻһţһ׹ĴӿӭǣתۻΪ޵壬ĳݶȥʱһǽַЩֵ֣ĻӣЩֱӿƯ
Щֵ˼ַȻһЦٳɣչգۼ䣬Ϊһ׹⣬Ѿһεٵķȥ
ɵַʱȴûп빫죬Ѿ붴ˣַٲ˵һ붴
붴ʮȻ˶ҲѱĿַڰַ˵ȴûʲô󰭣ɵַĿһͻȻоԵЩɭɭˡ
ⶴΪп׶Լɲ﷭˴źãѰ빫ϢСĽ붴ַͻȻһ
ͻһֻȻĮȴ˵Ľġ
ĺڵҶбûбˣȴҶģַȻףƼһӰ
һĺӰҶĺڰУ˭ҲƲĿֻƼһ˫۾ַҲܣԼǰǸˣַȴҲֻƼ۾
˫۾дһ˵ܿƱ˵ģΪκ¡
˿˫۾˲Ҳ˲עַһֽŵΪʲôѸһᣬΪʲôҪ
ַ˫۾Ƶȫ䣬Ϊ˵۾ַⶴߵҲֲָɭ죬ֱͨܲĿǰΪֹһδ˳
ΪʲôҪֹҽȥַɫδ䣬ֻһ䡣
˵ǸˣȴиëϧţҪȰͷҵȰ裬ȥֻѳˡ
ߣҵԣ浽ʲôҪҵַתߵ
Ȼ㲻֪ҲȰˣǵӰһʧַ׷ϣԶؿһХнǰ
Ÿöķ֮죬һƬϼ⼱ɶݶ
ַ龰һδкͷӦʱ
ֻһŭͨڿʮ׳رӭŵϵʯѸٸǹ𣬷·ʲôȻҪʯгһ
ַȻһæεĵȥһξ룬ž㵵ĿǰΡ
һǰʯѣһֻͨʺľ޴ʯһ棬ͷһͬ˻ĹХֱõַ졣
ַһ֮£ڵϣæһᣬվȡ
ľڷٵתַɫ׵ĶǹޣһĺȻ֮ɫ૵ַﰵһϺ¶˾ɫ
طôϴΪƷһֶŽҳɹ
Լǰɫʺ죬γɣһһģһֻǴʺƬתʵʿԱһҪǿ٣ǻʵĻ춥ںޡ
ִϹʱھһֱޣ޲ٶԶͨޣһгɣͨԶͬ࣬ԽжԴ˵ǲܵ顣



646 
ǵ伮ϼʵĻȻǻ춥ڵĺޣӲƴߣܶʲô
ַΪ֮ɫ䣡Ͼ˶ߵͷ
ʱֹͣ˳˻һŤ˶ףһַĿһ˿ɫ
Ϸ˵⣬ӴڹâмС
Ƭ̺һͨ˲Сԭ
ͷȻף˿δ䣬ӡ֫óεشڣʺƬ鲼ȫ£滹һִβذڶͣ
εһĻַһƬȻ
ζԾֿȭվǰ䶢ַĿ֮⣬ʱַͨ콣ַ䳯ʵųģ
ǵϵĺܸɴ࣬һ˵ػޣˮԳϴ峤ǣͷֻɱ¾Ļޣ
ͲŪɳ׾󷴱ɱˣַЩѵ촽Цһ˵Ǽǲֵҵġ
ǺǣɱңѶ㣬ӦԣһˣϣܱסԼСǵ˵˾䣬ϵĸϢȻ˲ŵһɶѾԶˡ
ַе⣬ǴһۣʵʵǵӰʧˣַͷת˼£ͷȥ
ֻͷ¶׹עԼ죬ѰԵĶ
ַһ˼һ˼ղǵӰʧĽȥ
ַˣĿ׹ţҲѪʢַͬ
׼ַ콣һһɳĽâһ俳ϣķͷȻûˣһʱ޷׷ַ
ַһд󶨣ɲӲƴɵӲŻ£ȥˡ
ͨƴǱֲַ֮ͬУֻ׷ű˴򣬻ûֹ˭׷ġ
ֻҪʱ·ͷշٴԼͬʱһţı׶
ַһݣ˼Ľ콣һףͬʱϵĹâ䣬һ㽣Ļڰ֮УһĹ⻪ĻЩ׶
ͻȻٶ£˼ŤΣ˲ʧ
ͷĻŭһͻȻҫ۵عâɱӿһ죬һֻںļζ䲻ĴӿؼХַóɵĽĻ֮У˾춯صһ
ַóɵĽĻ¾ͱ³ĺâи飬١
ɴʱǻַӰӣͷԼͻȻʧĿй˸Ÿͨתͣ˳˼Ϊʵ벻ףַôƤߡ
תãֱʵҲַ󣬲뿪
ȵһߣַɹشСĵչʶȷԶ󣬶˵ǰȥ
һοǸصŮ˺ݺһѣɶǣ˼ˣȻԷ˭ַֿ֪ûԹͷһ·
Ƶַˣһ·׷빫ϢģھǵӰӶˡ
ֻаһؼǰߣУڷ˼е˷ܵ£ΪһڴĽУһƯ档
ַһϲҺûû·֪ǸһΪҪĪɣΪԼָ·ģüһǵָһһ׹˴ϣʱʢ
д
ּһеҪ˼һ漴üͷ壬㾹Ȼǰһĵ沼˸飬ӦԣǧС
һ仰ȴַһ˵ĵǴ˴Ŀڣ˿빫ˣַ
һĻʧˣַ°ͣ˳˼С
˵ʵ빫ԼĴȴַе⣬һΪʲôͻȻԼѵǰʲô⣬ǵҪô
Щ˶ò룬˭ֻҪûüֵͻ鲻ԴһʼַͶˣûʲôӡ
תһ룬ȥ˵ƿǰʯţͻȻ䣬һ̹ǵ磬ӭ˳ַһתæϮ



647 ͨ
ǵַǱһ֮ͨ΢΢üͷطȻЩ죬ȻôŨܵϢ
ͨУ죬һȻȻȻǻڵַоһѹӭϮ͸һ⡣
ֲǼһԼҪԼСˣ֮ͨ˹ɭ˵ʲô֮ֻ빫ôȥأַһȡ콣ʶͨɨɨȷǰһ·ûʲôΣպϺɫâһʢԥ̤С
ͨУɵһƬΧͿУַĿҲֻܿΧɷԲ֮ڵ龰ֲǣ֮Ҳ֪ǺȻʶĿӣʶӦΧڻԶԶȲԼĿԶ
ҺͨԼĿҲܾˣǷΣַĿǰΪҪֵӦɵĺܣַһСͨȥ
ԽǰߣѹԽַɶѣѹʮ˵տʼһ߶оܳĻ񣬾ǻ߲Ҳоѹǳ
ѹ˳Ϊͽѹͺʲô˳ܵסʱַģֵɡ
ֻѹ󣬾Բôɥڴˣп϶ʲôΣַǰͻȻʵĳ·û˿ԥַ̤ױ·Ϊ֮ǰ˵ˣַѡ
ַ̤꣡·ͬʱͻȻͨһӰͻȻ𣬻ΪһɳĻڵξӰַһȭȭͷ̹֮˸̹ǡ
ڵ顭ڤ飡ַһҲĹΪȴ㾳磬ʱڤ鲻֪ַ΢գһָһһֶڤĶͷ֮ϡ
һĲҽڤдַĻУΪ̻ҡ
ͨݺᣬѴﵽΪˣĪʲôɣֻǲ֪ǷΪ֮еĻǵЩ鷳ַ΢΢üͷ
ͽ׹ַǶԸıȽ϶ˣҲ൱о飬ɸ߽׵а֮ʱڹĹ֮УʵޣȴĶ٣ļһ֣治Ӧˡ
еǣ빫һ·ָʾɿǰ
ȻԽǰＶҲԽߣֵҵǣַ߼ĹҲֻֻƳڵĹѡ
ָ߼飬Ȼַǰûʵһֻ黹δӦʱ򣬾Ѿ콣֮Ͻâ÷飬Ϊҽ
һǿԸۻڵĹ飬򲻻ַôɣȻͬʱ쾳磬Ŷַֻα쾳磬ǲ֮
·Ѿ˻ڵ·Ļ£빫뵽ͨͨǼ׵¼벻ͨιȥģѵСƭҡ
ǸûֻͨͨԼǹʹˣͨȴµϢַвɵɻء
·֮Ͼ֮󣬾Ӧÿͨˣ빫ûԼܼܿˡԽԽӽĿĵأַԽС
Сģûģʱ𣡡һͺһźڹ⾶ֱַ˹
ַһźڹ⣬âɢɺ󣬻һƵУһĺ֮дͬʱһɹɵĸõϢҲӭ
ַĿпȥֻһһýʬǻвʱ߶ţڴʱмһڹһֱֱַ
ַüͷһ壬ɢźڹ⣬ʱеЩʬûѸӦַϢ˲䣬Щͬ˷ܼһ㣬ѸٽַΧסˡ
Щ֮ͨεʱ̵ģʱһȴѸޱȣνѪѸ
ԼȻЩͽΧסˣַ΢΢̾˿ɨɨΧĽʬЩͽ飬ûôϣͻȻ䣬ַɫ΢΢һ䡣
ҹһͺȣַһӳӿĽܵĽʬõ֮ɨһƬźâһַͻȻʧ



648 ߾
ַǰŸߣһâһֻڵҹһںڵĿɥмâмӰƾճ֣γֵ鶼Ǹ߽飬л쾳ľȫǻϵ顣
ϮַҹȻȺ֮и߸ϵߣһɨʣЩͽ׵ĽʬǣЩʬöʱɪɪݷڵϡ
֪࣬㻹ûԶɣҹõĿɥ΢΢һӦüͷһ壬һȣΪһâֱĳ˹ȥ
ҽճظӦǿȻܷԼںڰеַȻʶӦ޵ĺܣƿܹ֮ļ΢΢̧ͷѾԿҹеĿɥΪһâ˹
ǲҪЩˣ滹һɲܽ콣âһסǵâַδӺڰУ˼ʧ
ɲܳȥԶַɫһΪǰԶһ޴ĺӰסַȥ·һʮɵľ޴ߣ߳΢ţš
ͬʱַͷһۣҹҲ˹ĿַϣһĻַģ벻ˣһ콣֣û˿ͣ٣ǰ˹ȥ
ãַɫ䣬Ϊоֻҹ澹Ȼˣǰûߵַ⣬ڴ֮£Щˣ
ɫ׹һһţɳһһ㣬ݺݵַȫûл˼ֻҹˡ
̵ģ浱ԼǸӲɣַ׹¶һŭȣ콣ٻӶ֮ɫâĻ֮£һ߾ſ˹ȥ
ꡯһ콣ཻʱһΪһء
һĻַ΢΢Щ⣬ϲɫһɾʱ
ַֻоһۣǰ׷˹ȥ׷ɵһ˲䣬ַͷҹǹЦݡ
ҡ١ڵģ㾹ȻģַȥǵѪ˹ȥɲſһĽŲ΢΢һ٣һ૵ʲôѵͨĳڣ
Ǻת֮ʣַĿǺߵĺ棬ֻʮɳ֮һ͸ķƱĤ״Ķź⡣
ǸַǻʹĵطвʵСүҪͲЩƽˣоһ£û˿ֱͣܶȥ
Ǻַţ¼ַȻſڵϣҲҶַɲ˼ʲôֱӲ⴦ȥ
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¡һַֻһӴľԼϣ˿ֲǳֱɨʮ֮Զ˲䴩ǲĻ
ҡɡҹ棬㾹ȻүһѪԿпһ¹Ѿַ˲ᣬַɹܲôˣһ٣Ҫ»ȥҹˡ
ǲ֮ڣӰҹٶѹַٶϣȻһΪַӰҪƹ롣
ֻҹ濴ַϮıӰ໡ļţȻսٽȥȻǲ͸ƵĹĻ˼֣ȻҿԽ׳һ
ַŭĹģȥ˲䣬һЦͻȻ𣺡ôڲǿǵ㼸Сʱˣ㷢ġ
ַһͣȥֻ빫վһʯǰĻеЩ޶ã֪ǲҳǹĻһ㡣
ˣַӷŭ侲ǵͨôͨģ
ûд𻰣ȴЦпҴڤͨɳ裬ڤɢĹ֣һֻˣԾֻðˣ
ʲô֣ߵֻҵūˣʲôʸǳֵܣ԰գҲַı飬ƿʯţ˽ȥ
ǹַǸȻһЦ΢΢Щ˼ôģǾͲΪ֮ˡ
ַЦһۣһԼУӡˣգҲ⣬ٲȥԼȻͲԼˣƿʯš



649 
ƿʯţַǰģһʯΧĺںصصһ̨ף봦ֱб˵£ⲻͣĴųȵʪ磬ʵ󵽵ͨ˺δ
ַҲɲµ˵صͨľǸƵأ϶֣﹫ȥԥһֱûʹȥ
ʱȴĺԼǲҲýˣˣп̾һ£һҧƮƮԽˣ˵ص
صַǰһƬǰĹռ䴢һһ¹ʯȡΧΪ֮һ
ͨͨ嶼ʯɣһǿͨѡ
빫˿ҵ飬ˣͻᷢʲôƵģַһĻСĵȥ
Žʯһٽ׺ԭСͨѿ˲к⣬ӭ洵ĳȴӿ
˽ٽףڵر֮°ʱʯͨʧˣ߳ͨʱǰֵľǸĵȪ硣
ƬֻʮɣԲȴﵽ֮㣬һȥðŰˮݵˮǹɿȵĳȪϿƾɣ˳ͨȻٴͨµĿγ˶ƽ֮ơ
ȪܶǸߴĺѣһԵʮɫ滨ݣʵ١
һУûλȪмһСͤǵΪͤоƾһڽɫӣ䳤һɶɡӽգнһ֪ǷƷ
ַֻ˼ۣϰĿŲˣַԽеıﲻģ빫Ѿͤ˹ȥСĵģȪУȻʲôΣջûĳ֡
ûֵΣղҪģ֮£ǸϿҸӦΣĵطúôţҪ֮£СûˣҪʲôã
ַѰſӦΣĵطʱȻһĻһ㶣漴Ц
ֻĶУֻҪһ£ұ֤ū㣡
ʲô£ַǿѹסе侲ʵ
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ַ˺ûܾͬվĬȻüͷ΢壬ǳ֮ɫ
˵º֮ͬӡ
ַζܾģֻҪַĴ𸴼ˡ
ʱ﹫ɵͤԵһϣ˫СһʱŹâͬʱǸΧת
һĻ¶ϲɫͷַػŹâǴ飬˱ͬʱ֣鳹סȻܽƳ
ãǸϿ춯֣һξҪɹ㸡ڰпŹâһͷҲصĳַмǣһҪȫ֣ȡһξƳӡĿ¶˿֮ɫ
⻰ַһü˹ȥ
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ַⷬȴеһ񺮴ӱ
ھͿʼְɣ䣡ַ㸺ߵ⣬ǰ⣬ǰס󣬾ɹַ˿첻ϸַ˵ЩʲôЩͣĶԴԸ
֪ˣȻЩԸַֻʵĴӦ
˶±ȥһһضʾҿȡʱҪ鷳Ƕסһʱ䡣ַطԸֶԹЦ˵
˵˵ĳҲʲô⡣ٺһЦһڴӦ˵
ַ˵ͷ͹ʵ˵أ˼վס
˿ĶԼ㣬ַ̾һӿһӣʱһ׵Ϊһ׹⼱ȥ
ͬʱҲдһ촽΢ͣһһ֮䣬һѪ⣬Ϊһǰϡ
ۡһһǵӶʱ˿ƬɫѪȻܣ˲佫ڡ
ЩȻѾͨ飬Ѫһ˲䣬ͷˡ˻˻֮ԵЩ겻·𱻴̼һ



650 
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ַһ񣬼æϸ
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ǻ̬ɢȴ෴溮
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ô棬ר֮ͽǣֱӻɢЩ߽ʿд⣬ᱻ׵վַһ࣬ͬЩ⻺˵
ôԵַһ⻰һɫͻظƽ
˵ĻӷͱȡˣĻڣˮԳ治֪ǴŪֹŹֵ⣬һ֪ǽ治
֣Ѫ˿ǽӳɣѾʱˡ㽫סòݾܾĿֱ
ĵ˵죬һ磬һĴָϸĽ˿ֱӣ󳶶ÿһ»ζס˸һ¡
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һǰǿҵ𶯳ˣмͳ
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Сĵ㣡ڽӱ˲䣬ᱬǰ溮ⷢʱ֪öûĵߣɥڴˡַһۣͻȻɫ֣ص૵
Ӧǳַ˵λһ꣬ĿûַˣǽӲţƺ쳣
ַ˴ԣȴһ
ѵǰӲɣӻصĺܣȻЩ߶ʧܶ顣
ȻﱧʣַҲ֪ڲʻ֮ʱ
˿̲Ҫ˵ˣ̳ڳҲ۶գһµעһС
ۼһر˳˹Ѫ˿֮⣬ռ䶼ĵģַɻҪϸĥһʱȴһ죬
Ȼ󣬵Ǵּž£ȻĿ
ͬʱһæȥ
Ȼ䣬ƹ谵ҷһӰƿն롣
㡢һȻʮ־Ϊʲô˳֡
ַֺγӦĻǣȴκֻܼվԭûж
ġ쿴ӰѺôˣ˿̸ɫشս˵ĻȴҲ˵ɴ˿ɼǸʲô



651 ܿ
Ŀ⵶һֻĿ⣬֮⣬˵òȴΣҲ壬龰ַ֮ǰһĻһ޶
ǵĿȻȴ˹һ˲ʱ䣬ȴֻ㳤á
ˣˣ뷴ҲֻܷҪִУȴ˳һ֪ǵӰȴҪҷûˡ
оҪ
һͷǾϲٳɣҲŭ⣬ͷҲأԾɱ
ַȻҲеĺˡ
۾ǵֻĿ⣬Ӱ㡭ΪΡδԳڣַס۾һԡ
۾Ծַ૵ʲô
ַ΢΢üתͷѵû֣㶢ǵĿ⿴ʱЩô
ѿڶһƬ磬ʲôûˣֻʣ¿־뾪šǵĿȫƿԼһ㣬ԲҶ֮˿Υ
ʱǵĿͻȻˣĿⲻӰȻҲʧˣȴַĮߣ⻰Уһ쳣ħﲨһһ֮УͷƮ
һĮȴޱȳĽ֮˷Ĵķ
̱ɫѵʱŻع벻ֻ֪ǵӰһ˲䣬Ѿסˣ֪Լһʼ
ַͨ˽ڣľǴķУͽĹɢڿУ˲֪УĵһǵӰӵɣ޾޿ΣػΨҡ
ÿ˵һ仰ʹĴһᣬֻͨ죬󺹲ѡ
ַһˣ˼Ҽ䣬𶯣ĳ˹ȥ
ҡǵӰҲûµַȻ֣һУֻһûҶֵˣͻȻַ̥
һʱͻһ˫է֣Ӱֱֱַ
ַһֻӰȻ࣬ƽƽ棬ֻƴƿյббһǰȥ⧼Էһ󷭶
֪ôһѴļͷַ֮£һȫԾɣֻͷʹȻֱ׷
ַ΢ŭ콣һɳĽâֻǱߡ˻һӰҲѱһϣʱַշ˸ߴ
㿴ַһӰóɵ䣬ƺҲôˡ
ӰԼһжַ£Ȼֿܳ˵Уʵ̫ˡ
˿ǵյӰǾѣ߱纣꣬һǬ䲻֪Ҫ˵ټԼĹһ˵֡
˿ǰһ㽫⻹ֹֱӣмǾ˱˰ΣȻ̾ܺáģȻģƺöԭʼ
ָо治˺ܣַ룬»˭˵ҺãҾ͸Ƕڰ¶棬ʱʱ̿ŰңôõȻһתӵŵĹгɵŮӣɫ˼ɫ
㡮ߡһҲ𻰣˿õĿ⣬Ůɫʾ⣬ҪƲסеˡ
ַȴ룬ֵ̽紫ԣĹѶ£ܽĹزŮӣҲ֮ˡ
δˣͻһŮЦлĿ佱ȴЩҵ
ַ֮ھС꣬ʹԼɸĳ֮ˣ˶Ϊ֮ҡΪⷬܽＤ
תĿӰ֪﷢ģַͷ󺧵ͬʱҲƲѣղұ䣬˫ȭգ
һľУ֮ͤһ΢죬ţǴһƵ滺һֻƣӨۣ£ϸָԶʤС
ַδ뵽Ͼƣδֳһʱ䵱ҲǴ˴
ǴյĲԽԽ洫Цӯӯǡ
Ȼ䣬ʲôɫ䣬ͻȻһಡĴַܵǰסߣתͷȥܿ
ЩֵСҪҪƣСҪֻǲֵǿڰⶫǷǳ˰ģ


652 Զ
ַ侪̼֮⣬Լδһתӡ
ԽЦð㾹ȻҳΪβҼңĪ£Ҳ˵ģƣҲûйϵ֮УдһŨ㡣
ţַپǰһѶ˸޳̬ȡĹˡ
ɴԼ¶þˣҩ￴
ǲɴʹݸ˼ص˲ɴ̶ֳȡ
ַĿⲻɿܵıסֻۣ֪⼸۲ƻãһ֮£ֻԷйĿҲƶ
ͻȻ䣬СȣַֻǰһԼĿдﵱƲãֲù˼ƨҷһ֮ززˣ
ʱַصȥֻĿעƵóˣľأҲδַһһֱը죬ȫһ𣬻ع
˿ַҲеһۣ˿ϽתĿ⣬ٿȴѲ亹
ۼַȻԼһȴָֻܿƽЦҽǼССôٺ٣ӿЩ飬ҿɲĻˡ
꣬ｿЦ۲ɴַһۣͻȻ㣬Цòˣ𣿡
Ȼƣָ΢΢
۲תЦСһǰǺܰСôôƶˣ
ַľ˾Ȼͬһˣ벻
ʱ˵̧ͷҲңȻľδȴڳ˺顣
ȡһͻȻͷһ£ЦɵӣôôСѽ
㲻ԲҲǴһ㡣
ַľ棬ת׶һЦιǲҲҪӣЦ䣬Цģָһڿеֱֱַ
ַüͷֻֽס
ַĽǸӣͻȻЦԺӣҪУַ˹ȣˣһһ
ַ̲סЦɵӣʲôҳôÿ
ַֻԺæתͷȥ
ЦҪƿɴ㿴ô
ƻģַ̲סҪ˵ãͻȵõģ˻ƣɫǿɲ
￩ЦŶһ˸㣬ǿݵˣѾˣȴʹ࣬һĸԸСһӼʱϵ˿̣¡ٺ١Ǿˣ
渵һ֮Ƶģѯһ㡣
ַֻһɺĵȫ
ӨӨָḧŪɴǣЦҪôܿҵòȻˣҲֵõġĵʵò˵ĽԸȥҲ̲סҪһۡ
ַ亹ָ΢˰ɴӨɰ覴õ򢣬΢΢¶һЩ
ͷ亹ͯӰ˿Ժֻط
ǸĴҹһɴľٸȵһͯӣɴЦ㿴
ͯľ亹ڲŵ˵ͷɾͷһ̣оһͷǾ䣬˶ϵͷҺãʱˡ
˭Ҳģ߾Ѿתһֿµ䣬֮ϣ˭ǻǿ߿ˣҲֻĸԸȥ
˿ַ̣ת䣬ԼΪʲôҪԼʲôϵԣˣʲôҲ
֪һַ˲ɿܡ
ͻַἸ꣬ұҪˣֻϧǸ̫ţȻפȴ˶ģ
һЦͻȻסֵסˣҲδ뵽꾹ĮĳͼԴʡ
̲סһöϺ飬̾һĲˣĳʯɵģôܿܵˣ
ֻоµˣ֪Ƕôɿܣ֪Ǹɴ۲Ŷصħ
ʧ룬صĹĻУ˿ȴַһĮһᴩ
ԽǻңַԽ侲Цƽ޿ɫջ˵İϷ¥ŮʲôֶֻαǸһѡ



653 ֮
ŮҧѣַôҲ벻ᱻ˱Ůһ
ַɨһ۵㻹߰ɣߵԽԶԽãҪҿ㣬ĹЧҶԣͬ׵ĸҵָ䣬ȡ
̲סˣģֲַˣȻ˶ԴȻضͬɰŮжеˡ
ȴˣ˿Ҫַڳκһˣ¶ֲ֣֮ĳϣַܷһ·˲õˣ
֪ͻֽЦúӣ˵úãȻöңҴû뵽£
ַôģ̧㣡
Ӵ벻徹˸ôõ£
Ȼʲô£ֻҵһūţ
ūš⻰ȻҲˣ૵ūšūšٺ٣ϧϧ׻˵ӿղҪˮͿˣ
ֻȻ죬类һѪֱӿ㡭˵ʲô
Ц˵ʲôǲˡ˵ַֿЦ˵𣿡Ц΢΢绨֦ҡҷ
ַֻЦԽЦԽˣ˻ȵ㲻ҪһٽŲ߱
вٺ֮
ַͷһȴ֪˭ˣת֪
֪΢΢һЦͻȻڿնڿЦСӣҽ㣬ˣ˼֮£ҲˣˮԳڵ飬ѱˣӴԺˮԳκιϸ𣡡
⻰֪˵ˮԳģ˵ַģ⻰һ꣬ĿַһۣתͶ֮УΪ׹⣬Ųˡ
ȥһ˲䣬ֻȻһ죬һӰ˽ַعͷƼӦ֮˾ǹ죬Ҳһѿڵ㡭ֻˣ
ǹ쿴ַ㻹ţƺҲԾСû˵仰Ҳַ㣬ͨ߰˵ƣų˿
ǰ˼Ź죬üôˣ
һͦվ׵һã
ַմͬǲϵĺ׺ʲôǿУ첻ϣ˻ʵôΡ
ɫһõúܣ˴ɷǣҶһ˿̱֮֡
ַɫ֪Σ䣬ȴΣ³˶ˣ
٣ߣһҲܵˡ
ַѵǻǿߣᡭһתʱȻЦˣ˴ˮԳð֮踣ѪǣϢ©ЩϹﶼһͬˣЩϹﶼвŵܣ˿ɣóᡣ
ַȻµİ˾Ųʮô֪ô
ַɨ˹һۣ̾ԶҪӣȻ챾˻̼˷ͼˡȻ׷˻жû
˿ֻͨˣ
ַɫԣǻǿߣƼǣƲ㣬Ľɫлߣ
һԱɫ⡭⡭
ȴͻȻЦЩϹ£һרϲųߵ㣬ߣֻҪβ׺㣬ͶδȻˮԳͶ֮Ȼر֮ء
һ𣬵㡭ȷ
ȷ˿ֻˣ
¾Ͳˣַίʵй˵Ļǣ˿±һȴǲðˣһᣬˮڣֻҪǾ͵õס
⽨鲻̾˿ֻϧĽҪıˡ
ַüΪʲôҪı䣿
һЦЦͻȻʮ֡
ɭɭЦ⹷ūţ㻹֪
ƺͻȻƺַΪūţַһȻŭ˵һΡδˣͻƽʯڣͻȻһߣһỤ̃ӿַδüסͷѾһѣӾصȥ
㿩Цūţ֪˰ɣ
ַڵϣΪʲôҪ
ЦΪϾһˣƱʱҲעˣΪһǹƨ֮ôߣ㷢ƭƭ˵ԣƭңɵ˰˱Ӵùˡ



654 ٱħŮ
ַɫֱ㡭Ϊβţ˷֮ģλҪˣ
Ƿ֮ģǹƨȴԼ㣬ֻǰ׳գʲôƻ㣬ǻǲǺܵ⣬ٺ٣ϧһעҪ
ʱֻʵ㣬Ҳиҷ֮ĵūţַ֮ģȴȫһܸоūŵȻҲܸӦĴڣȴܸӦԴǾͷ쳣
ҾͰٰ̽ÿγ㹷ū֮ʣҶᰵۿɫÿ㶼£ı飬Բһūӵеģ˭ūţʱҲбֳʵķŭǡǡûУ˵Уûо㣬ҲûҲκ˵ūţԲŻô¡
Ҳѹ֣㱾ûΪԼūţĻŭ
ַð̲̾סʵ֪Ǻ󣬷ƣݵøɵЩ÷ңֱûüֵųֳң
Цֹ֪ƶˣûоԵİס㣬;Բ㷭Ϊ˵й˻ˣԩ
ǵҲʵڴ׼һﴦǻƣȡһˣȦףҪϵ
ַɴ۾㣬⣿
Ц벻ɣ
ַ빫Ϊ壬޷ֻ̾Ц˲ò࣬ⱿȻҲһӹ⣬ҿҲδ뵽
﹫ЦˣҲˣҲͷһ̾ʲô
ַ˿ǿУǾڧǸ°ɡ
ΪЩܽôǽ򣬾ǻǿˣҲһ˵ˣֻˣǺó֣û뵽㾹Ȼô
ַЦţ˾ǡ
֪һϵŪ֮䣬еǹɵ⾢һǷǳ񫣬ΪѴĲһٺ٣ҸоЩΪԼЩǷҪķˡ
ַ̾ҲЩ֣Ȼλǻô¶ٳǶǹģҾҲ﷭ʱ򡣡
ЦΪѾܴˣ𣿸㣬ڱ纣죬㻹Զأ
﹫ܵһ֮λˣǺεƭ棬ߣ㻹֪һֱ㵱ƨڿˡ
ǱȸĿﵽˣ㿪֪ȡǴɷǣ֮ܣƲס㣬ֻɻˡ
ͻȻЦ֣ɻһѪܻɢ֫ж֮ˣܾ֮ĥŻȥһҲǲæǲ¶һ
ַһۣϴΰеֳ裬ԹӾҪЩҲҪˡ
⻰ַǣͻȻЦЦþȻĵúݣúܣŭֻ֣㻹ܻôɻǻǿߣֻҪһ˿Ҳȫʧеʱĥ㡣
˵ЦȻǰ˵ĻҲʱֻлڣ۾ͽЩδˣдһƷ֮
һݺŮЦô£ɲСŮҲμӣģ겻ѣַȴϤȴ벻˭
ͷһĿȥֻһŮЦƮڰУҲˡ
عͷƼ˾ˮ鸮СǧˮҲһѿڵ㡭
ˮһЦΪʲô
쿴ˮҲ𻰣һſ˽ǰַסüôˣǶ̶֣˵ȴȻֹ֮鲻ε¶
ˮϣֻģȻƼϵַһͦվ׵ֻôô㲻ӭô
մͬƵϵַҲףˮųưٱħŮμӽһĥַˣչЦǸңʱ򡣡



655 
˭֪ȴΪжˣȴֻʣһˣֶԸңԩˡˮɫ֪Σ䣬³ǹ⻽Ըҵô
ˮЦôô룬СŮӿɲǸĳŮˣẦˡ
ͻȻһˣʹ΢У˱仯ַȻ빫ˣһֶԸԼ˵Ǳֽ˿һΣԼ˳֣̬ʱ˱仯
һתʱȻЦˣЩһﶼ˽´ֻΪԼ㣬ˮһó˹ĵ۰˵гϷҪˡ
ַͷת꣬¹ǣˮַ˹ˮָϹâ˸ЦַĶܸȤ
˭֪ʱһͻȻǰ棬ЦҲңҪô
ɫһ䣬Ц˿ǻѯô
⻰һδ𻰣ˮȴЦø磬㷴ƲߣͿСðɣ
ۣЦ˶죬Ҵʱɱһ¾۵ˣĴ£ִ򲻻ģ
ַЦ⼸˵ƢмƣǶһҲ֡
ˮŹ죬ҡЦ˼ѣӦ˵仰ȰȰĲǣ˵ֿø磬˵˵öԲԣ
Цһ¾Ͳ¶Ը˼˵ЦӣҪȰȰ㣬ˮԳӵܣȫûĵˣ˹죬ԺȻڵġ
ˮһ˲Ц˵ѵǰҲϹˮԳŮӵĵô
⡭⡭
ˮЦøϹСҲҲϵˣ
ЦСѾͷ죬絹ˣ˵ɫһͻȻʱ֣ʱ
ĺǳ⣬ͻȻ΢Ц֣ţҲӦö֣֣֪Եϵ˺֮ǣһȫģһʲôԹԵȵȪ·ϡ仰û˵꣬ͻȻӲ۽ͻȻѣͻȻʲôﱬը˿
ţҲŤΣͻȻһѪǰһѪ
ˮûиǶҲվϻǽЦѣֻһ⻹Ѫ
ˮ֣βַû뵽¾ǹԼ벻
ʱЦ˹ȴû˵
·ƬռѾֹؼֻʣ¹ĴϢ
ڵϣϵĴϢţѪͣĴ˿ؿ۾ﻹصĳŪ֮ɫ
ͻȻ乫Ŵ죬ɴ۾֮ǰ񶼲ġ
һᣬϢҲֹͣ
ѱһ̲࣬Ѫеࡣ
㿴ˮеһѪȥ΢ЦӣһǿߣֻҪһ͹ˡ
ˮ̾˿ʵǷǳϲɱ˵ģһŮɱˣܲ¡תͷȻһЦ磬˵ǲǣ
硱ַֻд
硣
㾹Ķ硣
ǾǴͨġ
Īɣˮ鸮ʲôɸ˵Ĺϵɣ˭ܽͣ
ַ̲ס̾˿Ц˲ˣøȴ˺ö硭⵹úܡ
㵭ɨַһۣɱ㣬Ǿ͸ˡ
⻰ַͻȻЦαϴλҪЦģҪ⣬ŭ֣ʱ㾹ȻЦĳҵЩˡ
ַ㣬òֹסЦŵһ£һţȻҲҪš
Цлѣһŵġ
ַ˵ձɱ˵Ĺָˣ㵱Ȼš
Ȼ
ַ΢Ц˵빫˹׼㣬㻹ǲš
ǲšȻ˵ţ̲סعͷȥãһ֮£ɫʱñǽףˮң㣬Ҳá
ͻȻĹ죬ٿ˿һȫޱĹĿеĿ־֮ɫ૵㡭ѻΪһѪˣΪʲôû
Цˣ۾¶һ˿⵶Ц⣬ȴȫޱ飬ɨˮƺЩŵʵΪʲôҪңȻģȴ˱֮⡣



656 ˮ
ȴŹԭˣԭһֱڸǡ
˵ϵַһֿۣЦǲҲúܺЦʤȴ㣬ܻˣҲ㣡
ͻȻȵӣַϵĽƣȵһ󡣡
ˮ̾˿Ϊʲôֱڲҽ⿪ϵĽƣ̫ˡתͷһЦ˵ǲ̫ˣ
ЦȷʵѾˡĿ⾼㣬ͻȻһȭһȭƿ֮ȭͷϻһȭûк㣬Ǻ䵽˹ϡ
㲻ܣʱҪùĿˣ˺ĳݰת˳ȥ顱һײǺʯ֮ϣֱֱɣεѪҲѱˡ
ŹһѪͻȻһץһεĻӰͳУСӰ빫켫ƣɹҲһۣϺâһСӰһĲҽк󣬱㳹ʧˡ
ֱʱ̧ͷˮޱģɱˣҲٸģˮԳѪҲֻʹһΣҲܳˡ
ÿ˵һ仰һֱڣſڵ㾿˭¶֮⣬ͻȻ֣ѴеļƻټϹʵݲš
Ц㻹²
㿴ȫϿ־̾Ϣ²ǹʵ벻ʲôɲǣǹôܵõΡ
ЦˣЦķǳͣ۾¶һ˿ɫЦ⣬ȴȫޱ飬˭Ҳ֪ΪζЦ
㴹ͷַǸӣг˲ᣬû˵һ仰ȴֻܾҪˡ
˹ֻֽȥ͸˹ǵѡ
ǻ˱ʱҲƴһƴڣвܷ鶼ѷȻԼһӡµȦ
µǣΪֹ֪Լġ
ֻһ㣬ʹȫɥʧ˶־
Ľ䣬۾ĳŪ֮ɫԣ㲻Ҫˣ
롣
ҲҪӹˣûпһۣ͹ˮǰȻСȥ
һ紵ӰΪƬƬĹâŲ
סˡ
Ϊӣ˳Լ˳ѣҶǻ㾡Ѫǲ٣ڵĹȴûпһۣͽ֮ˮȻȥΪʲô
ֻ춼ǿˮ̲סתͷˮӣ㵽׻ʲôŸ磿
ˮӦ֪ģ㶼֪Ӧ֪ȴԶҲ֪
üǡ
ûǡˮ΢ЦţΪ±ǸȦסЦۡģصȦһ֪ҪȴΪ˻Լһ˵ԶҲ벻
ֱҪιȥˡ
ΪĶϧƴѪϧҰ㻥ҧ
ֿЦᣬȴƺ˵ģȥ죬ϻδ͸ѪǵЦ޶޲벻ˮ鸮Щϲ«ľʲôҩ
ãŵΪʲô
ˮЦЦҾҪҲ׵úܣοֻҪ¡
㿴ۡĵЦݣЦݣֻҪǸˣѿܣ̲סֳ̾˿ֻҲһ
ˮȻֻ㻹ҪЩ
ЦȻҲˮ鸮ˣΪʲôܵõΡ˵ͻȻȻѵǹֻ㡭
ˮ˵㣬ЦøЦŵ֪ͺã˵
˰ΣЦҲǸˣҲնˣƻĹƣһȣЩֱСҼҡ
ˮϼЦллĿ佱ȻЦĻ𣿡
㵭ɨַһ۵ˡ
ˮǲӦˣ
˵㣬ҡҡͷҪˣϵ׼ôáϵַèĹâ볢һ
ˮĿһ˿䵭߰ɣѲҪˣ



657 
΢ɫĿˮһַֿۣһۣ̾˿ûˮ鸮ϲӢŵĴԣȻģҺ֪ˣȴĸΪµˣһǷĵĺܣǷˮ鸮һ
԰գһҲʧˡ
ַɫ԰ףǴЦĿȴֲ¶Ц֮ɫ
ЦĲˡ
ЦԼ
һߣˮɫͻȻҲ԰ˣַȻ̾Ϣһ֮䣬µһ˭
ַȻڲܶҡ
ˮҧ촽㡭ΪıԵ㻹ϳô
ַۣǵЦѱøԣʲô
ˮһֱڿϷ
ַҲ̾ϢһڿϷôϻˣҪ棬ҪѧϷһҪݣݸݸ㿴˵ڿϷΪʲô˵ҲڿϷ
ˮͷĿ¶֮ɫʵ벻ַȻ˵һ˰ΣȻҡ
ַȻĻҲݴһΡ
ˮգգ۵Ŷݴˣ
ΪʲôҪ빫ߡ˵ַ۾ͻȻֳŪЦ⣬ˮΪѶԵǰľ𲻵κˣҪһ취˵һı
˵ʲôַĻˮɫڱˣıˡ
ַЦ֪빫ϣҲûסңȴַҪɣֻöһˣ˸ߣȻƺס
ˮҧ촽ҡҡͷЦΪʲôҪô룡
ַɵֻһ˿֮ڻûף˿ֻһˣȻҪɱ㲢׵£Ҳ£ѵͲɱ㡣
ˮ̾˿ѵΪһıԸô˵ڵıҲûˣ𣿡
ַͷ벻ͨĵطҲûء
ˮַһۣ̾ұϾһΡ
ַЦ˷ʥͣ޴
ˮҲˣ˴Ǳ˴
ַһŶ
ˮ˵ҴˣΪҿ㣬ʲô
ַЦֻֻȥƭСӣ
ˮȻЦˣѶ飬ô£
ַǧ˵ǶҶ飬һܲ˵ġ
ˮҲ̾˿Ȼˡĸֳڣˮ߳ߣżһ˵ϵĽӣֽסڿն
ڲߣǲЩַѶԾ𣬻콣ȵĻ˵꣬ӣˮе·ˡ
ˮȫȻַĽâȻʲôҲֱֱַĽĻб˽ȥһĻַĴˣֹסâջعƣˮô
꣬һûþջصĽâˮ紦Ʈһ˿֮С
ˮֽӹ˿ַȻЦôǺǣûҾǷˣȻ㲻ңҾɱңһӦˣ
ֽ꣬һƣ֮͵ַǰ
ַջ콣סӣһ̣Ūˮ˼ˡ
ƮڿУĿּš
ַƼȻһζҲ֪ǳϲǸᡢֺݶŮӣҲǸصŮӣӤ㴿棬ȴûһܲ³ġ
ƼַϷ΢Цȴ̾ϢɰŮӣ˿̵Щʲôѵǰ˵飬ɣʲôɣܲ
ˮȻҲƼַЦˡ
һ̣ҲӰЦݣЦݱá
ַۣ˹ͷվַǰĽëḲȴ˵
һ̣˵ĺһ
ˮһӽԼַͻȻһ߳
һ߳
ˮһ𣬵˼㡭㡭ôˣ
ַ㲻Ҫǰˣк鷢
ˮˣƫƫҪߡ԰գȻļӿŲ˹
ַЦúã˵δˣַһĳоȻһƣûκֵأˮţˮȴ޶á



658 ˮѲ
ɴʱַѾ֣һȻľУˮɳȥݺݵʯ֮ϣвӿѪɫǲ԰ѩ
һĻַˣ˳߲ǰˮ㡭Ǻο࣬Ϊ㡭ôҲ㿪ģ˿ˮϵѿҪɢˡ
˭Ӳַһƣûȥ漣
ˮӿһѪ㡭Ӧ֪һòŮˣǡʲô¶ܹģ˵Ѿ˹ȥ
һĻַͻȻ̾˿૵ˮˣԺıƣҲˣ˿ַ̣ˮҲټն񶾣˿ֻ̣ǸƽŮӣ԰׵ÿ£ٲʩȣҪˡ
ַ̾ϢһȡѪҺڣȻ߶ָ
֪˶ãһУˮ˹۾Ƽַ
ΪʲôҪңˣǸô
ַûÿĲǣôˡ
ˮͼƿַһ˻ҲҪңҲԸⱻƼ⸱ӣĿУǸɺޣֿµŮӡ
棬ʹŵҲԸɱҰɡ
ַȻԸΪȥ
ˮȻ֪ο໹Ҫң
ַ̾Ϣ˵ʵҲ֪
ˮִأ˻ɱҰɣɱңһ˰ˣʲôҲҪ룬ʲôҲòˡ
ַȻһЦ૵ɱ㣬һΪԼȥŮˣ˭µ֣
ˮ߰ɣѾܶˣҪߣʲôҲˣʩչʲôˣ֪лڹ˼ңڲ¼ң߰ɣ߰ɣҪٿ㡣
ַΣͻȻ̾Ϣһҵȷڲ¼㣬ڡĿͻȻᣬȴܲˣΪҴˣܲ
˵ַ꣬ˮʯţˮȴľȻû˵ȴʣΪʲôҪ
ַҲƼ񣬿ҲҽһŮʵġ
ˮû˵
ַ㣬Ϊʲô˵ˣ
ˮգգ۾Ŀ⣬Ťתͷʲôãȴ̫ˡ
ַظͷ˵ĲΨһȱ㣬̫ˣҵĲ㻹ܻô
ˮˣҲ˵ַͷʹ㡭ҵĻô
ַЦ˵Ӧô
ˮ̾˿̧ͷȻһЦŵģ
ַעϣ˿ûо̣˿ûж⣬еֻ۵飬Ũƣۣ۲ᣬתͶ΢¡µŮӣѵôļô
ַΨ̾ϢԸҲҪڽľ
ˮ۲չתһڵģ
ַˮ顭ˮ顭Ǹ鶯Ůӡ
ˮôǰΪʲôҪôص֣ҲһҪˡʱ鶯ŮӣҲҪˣ
ַЦ鶯ıȴЩ£
ˮһۣƿ˵أ˰벽۲۲ƺЩŭҧӣڻңѵҪһΣ㡭ô
ַĿעԶƵˣ߰ɣԹ̫ͨ࣬ҵϤ˴·Ҫ߳ȥ治Ǽ׵¡
ˮͷ̾ԭңֻҴ㣬ĪҪǰ˵ֻôһУٻз롣˵ȦѺˣѽ
ַ̾Ϣ˭ˣ¶޼ƿʩ
ˮ棬㡭ѵһҲң
ַҺԸ㣬ֻǣֲܲҵֱ
ˮʱƼ£ʱҲδģοĪеֱ
ַĬȻΣ૵Ƽ£ʱҲδģοֱ
ˮλŵҴС˵˵һ˶ңСͲ֪Ǻ£ֻ㡭ֻᵽָоָоġ
ͻ˵ַϣŵҲңҡһŻʲô˼



659 Ȧ
ַɫҲΪȻô
ˮͷ㷢˰㴹䡣
ַҿôݶŮӣ
ҪۣΨ̾Ϣҡͷ񡣡
ˮôͲûҡ
ַĬȻΣḧᷢҴˡҴˡܲܲңʱΪ棬κ¶ҪĴ滳ɵġ
ˮҸ̾ϢһַϣһжģȻɱңҲ㡣ŮӷԼϣ⡭
ַʯˣҲˣᡭԶӢǲɿܵġ
Ҳ֪˶ãַʵӱˮԳ߸ˣǵøϽȥŶԡ
ˮ֪·Ժܿǳ˭Ҳ׷ǡ
ַһ·ġ
ˮȻЦȻңڳǰǲܺġЦɫ¶ԭǸֵ԰Ůӣַһжˡ
ַ૵⻰Щ԰գռУˮº
ˮַߵ·ҲŨȻʶҲӵޣַЩɻʱ
ˮȴԻͳһżΪӣȻ⣬ȴɢŨĺܣһ㹻տǰ·ˡ
Ϊܵˣûкãһַɽڣһӣǰ·
ַҪȥȴҲƿˡ
ûõ˵ͬǰҪ˵Ůӡ
һۣͨܳ᫡
ȴûκΣգˮĺ죬Ҳûƭַ
Լʱֻǰ澹ѵ˾ͷʯŵס·ʯȴͷ֮ϣǰʯֱͨȥ
ʯţˮ˿ͷǳڣȥơ
ַϹȥס֣ЦȳɣҪʲôΣҲӦԣ
ˮĵ㻹֪ôַĻ˿г˻䣬ȴûַȻһЦʯȥ
ַˮϣͻȻ૵ԼǶɣˣʱˮƿһʯ壬й
ĺڵͨҲˡ
ַ˿µĿǼĵط
ˮѷȥ
˰Σˮ̽ͷ
ַ΢΢һЦɵȥǳںСһ˵ӡ
̽ͷȥ
̽ͷȴҲղˣȫѪҺͻȻ˱
ص⣬ȻǸ԰Ĵʻ
ѹǹпŵ˻㡣
ⲻַȵ£ַȻǣʱǰ˫۾ڶ˫۾Ц⣬Ц⣬ַȫѪҪס
ջԴʯͨУȴ̫ˣ֪˿ֻҪ춯˫۾ˣͻὫԴ
ʱ۾Цţַ˹ַָֻ֪Ҫгɣͻû
ֻпЦȥ
Ӹ¶һ룬һ飬ȫѱˮʮơ
ֱַȫסˮ˫۾˹ȥ˫۾һĶŵӣɢϢַҿ϶һǿߡ
Ųҷ
ڣˮббӵĻЦַȴڵϣָã֪ʲôζ
ټ㾡ȴˮ
ˣȴû뵽ͷһˣˡ
ޣȴᣬЦȴʵЦ
ˮЦ벻ɣڻһ
ַ̾ҵȷ뵽ģ㶨ıڵңֻʱҲ֪ǲˣ֤ûȻǸĺݵŮˣԱĺݣԼӵĺݣŮˣĻû
ˮЦڲ뵽㣬Ѿ̫ˡ
ʱЦСһҲ̫ľλСŮɲ֪ö˳ԹͷһҲԩ
ַЦȷƽŮӣŮٶµֻ¶ɱˡ
ˮЦ
ַȻܺãҺ㣬Ľϣѵ治ɱ㣬Ҫֻ֪Ҫĺһ㣬ˡ



660 
ˮЦ㲻˵ʲôȱҲûУЩôʼһţɵҷ㣬빫ʱǶΪκһˣ뿪ġңҲɱǣȴûУߣûɱǣüͷûһ¡һˣǸӣ
ַ̾͸˱˵ģȴ͸ҵģʵⲢҲ㣬ֻҵûôڣҲû壬޳ܡ
ˮȴ⣬ЦûҵĴºţǰٱħŮôǺǣڲż䣬ôܲأаٱ䣬ֵοң
Ц˵㱾Ҳ֪
ַֿЦаٱ䣬µ˭Ƽ㣬¶תܣ
仰ˮôô˵Ҳǳ˲ٿƭѽҷǵң㱧ң֪ӣԼûñˣҸҲûУһȭûĺ
ַЦ֪ˣֻ޵Ϊûһȭ㡣
ˮɫ˱䣬˲Цôô
ַͷ֮任ɫֵζң
ˮҲ㡣˵仰ԼҲգ૵ʱУǸħŮˡ
ַǰᣬԶģԽʱԽƫƫҪ
ˮͻȻᣬɫһɨַһۣͻȻһַ˹
ַ㡭
ֻδ˵ڣѱһƣĿһĵҶ˵ŮᣬǸ
ַۣⷬŭĻ
ٸŮһᣬ̾㡣
ӵı飬ַ̾һĬȻúǰĵ֪ġ
ˮȥ۽ǵӯӯߵԣڣѴ֮ˣ
ɨַһֻۣӣȻȫʬ
ˮɱ
ӵ˲ſ仯
ˮ۲һתȻЦŮȸºô
Ȼ谮Ҳʱ˿Ϊ˵ȴЦҪ˵£ʱԸġ
ˮǰиʣĴѰʿѾеѪȴҲҲһȻһҲˣǶе˵ȴ˵
ӴЦϷЩŵˣԸ԰ô׾£ⲻҵˣЩҲΪЧ
ˮһ۵ɲˣλ̫Լ¶Ըȣˣͻˣ˵һܣ˭Ч
Ц˵Ҳĺݡ
ˮȻǰˣ㲻˲ţ㲻˲ţһɱˣǿϧĺܣԣŮõ롣
ĬȻΣעַǱСǧ׽סģһͽɱҲ̫ϧˡ
ˮƵο˿̶Щõļֵ
ЦԹŮʵ⸸¡ˣģͽɣһҪȥһˮԳ顣԰գڿնת۾ͻΪһ׵㣬ʧʡ
ʱˮ㽿Цַ룬ҲԸ㽻ҵġ˵ţ֣ʱĸ̧һƾճ
ڣַɨˮһۺ󣬾ͱУ˵ӣʵӲ࣬͸ĵطʵڲࡣ
ʲôûУǸյĹײƵģӴַȫ÷ۣҲ֪ʲôɵӣȻô
ĺ˽ַӺˮӴЦַίһ°ɣǽ͵ˮ鸮󣬾ͻΪ㰲Ÿķġ
ַֻĸ˻ͣͲҰ·ƻǣǷôӦ֪Ǻܻƻ˵ġ
ˮЦģĸʿ˻㽫˵ˣҲܷ㡣˵ֵҪ֪Ǹܽˣûаյ£ǴȻһЦʾ⣬̧ӱȥ



661 Т
ĸ˹ͼˮ뿪󣬱ַ̧򱩷纣˷˶ȥ
ʱı纣ϣѹѹͷХĺʮ׸ߵ˻˳УĵýĺӰ̧һںдС
һ·ȻҲŲٺ޻࣬ЩƼǣеԶԶи񣬾·ܿеݲϵǣƼĸˮ鸮ı־ҲԶԶͱ֮Ψֲ˭£
ˮ鸮ˮַͻȻ֣ǰƼǣԶԶܿȴвٺĸ
ߵЩ޾͸ȴǹȲ˵ҲûаҪ鷳ӡ
֮ʱô󺣱ɫһִǰһĺУ˿̣ĬĬŰĵ绡Բʮ֮ڣԵ쳣ɭֲ
ַǰ̧ӵˣֻͷƺˣɫȫޱ仯ʲôûƼֱֱַ̧µ
ҹַͻȻҹѰǲȥŪЩԣĥЩʱ䡣
ĸˣһͷȥᣬһȴɱӣӣ
ַЦӣҲŷǲӦ̺ңԼ̺Լ˳ЩԵģҲǺõģȻ̫Ȥˡ
ߣ⵹Ǿ˻һһ䣬ͬȴҲ
ַ˰Σκζɵ˵ȻǶ˼ΪβȥȡЩԵĶ
һЦⱩ纣ԶѵҪԼô
ַԼ֣ѵҪȥ
һЦͶ˼ҡ
ַǲȥָȥĪԵĶϵ
ַԱߵĺЦưɡ
ֻͻȻաơơơȻһϯӣڵϣͬӰһӰϵĳЩӰʧ֮ʱѳ˾
ַȥϯѶ̣װŽռϸ⣬ɫͷ׵ѩ㣬ɫˮˮ͸㣬мֻƿװ˷䣵ƣһϯƲˣ˸ʡ
ַգգ۾Цԭ׼ˣ²ɷ˵֣˱ƣ˵ĺ
ַ׵ĺЦֻɱ¾ǻģⶼЩТġ
ַҧһ⣬˼£žȥ󣬲ŵŶʲôТ
Ǻ˵һ·ϸǺЩޣƼˣ
ַЦֻûƼ
Ǻ˽ŵЩޣǵТֻҪˮ鸮ڣЩТʲôҲҪġ
ַԭЩǵ£ãˮ鸮ųƱ纣֮һˮǺޱߣЩТⱩ纣֮Уߵǣ̺š
˭֪Ǻƨ£϶Щӡ
ַȲϵãô˴ǡ
ǺЦˮ鸮ɢ纣ۣ̽纣ļأڱ纣Уʲô紵ݶˮ鸮ȥ̽Ϣ
ַˣԹԣҪ纣ТﵽҪ٣ʹˮ鸮Ϊۣ˳֪¡
һЦټ֣纣˲࣬⺣޵ֻ±໹Ҫɱֻ֮֮Ҫ֣дТá
һҲЦ⻹ĸԸģΪʲôĺޣҲͽ׵ģǸ߽׵ģֻҪͷ϶˸ˮͷΣܱ޻ʹ죬ҲˬЩҪ֪Ⱪ纣ǺܲпģûӲĺ̨ǺġʼЦܴ󣬵ʱȴСúܵǿСͦõģ㲻硭
ٺ٣ʲôַЦĴϵСɲǺĽɫҿֻܲö֮Զӣ˵ַͻȻʵ׼ʲôʱ·
뿪ڵ峿
ַ̾˿ֻϧǵļƻҪıˡ
ĸüΪʲôҪı䣿
ַһЦЦͻȻʮ֣ЩɭɭЦǻ֪
ַЦݣ˵һžһĵ棬ȻվŭʲôҡδˣӾصȥ



662 
ַٺЦ֪˰ɣ
ʱҲڵϣơƲж
ַЦһƭǣԸȵͬһƣֻѷ˽ҩѡ
ĸɫ㡭ΪҪˣ
ַһȻǷңԹԵӴ򿪡
֪ĸȻˣʵ㣬ǾˣҲΪӵġ
ַð̲̾סʵҲӣ
ĸˣַĶӶ޷
ַֻ̾Ц˲ò࣬ҾȻ˼ļһСүһӹ⣬ȴ֮أҿҲδ뵽
ĸΪ֮ɭɭЦ̾ʲôжǣҪҲǣҪ̾ҲӦ̾ǡ
ַͷЦһˣǿǺܶ¶ĳģܵӲС
ĸ˴ЦΪѾܴˣ𣿸㣬ҼС㶨·㶨ᵷԸǾȻˣҲܸӣҼСȣԶأ
ַƵС㣬һвңˣҲʲôˡ
ĸͻȻЦ˿ҲǲȻǲҲǺǽ˶һ·ϲ滨˵үһƽ£㲻ǸˣҲԩЩ
ԣַǣͻȻЦ
ĸ˴ŭֻ˵ô
ַЦǲǶȴҲͨĶҩǶ
δ˵꣬һһס½󣬱ɫ˵ʲô
ַЦʹ˻ɢĶҩɢɢ֪˵ûУ֪ǶǻɢˣֽɱҪǧ򱶣ΪˣҪֻأǻɢǿֻصĻᣬûˡ
ÿ˵һ䣬ĸ˵ɫԽǺһֱ֣ǲ㡭㡭콫ҩ
ַЦúúãӦҩøǣȻǽ͵ˮ鸮СħŮ衢ĥҡĪҪˣһ㶾ҩֻҪɢɢȴҪġ
˭ַ֪εĻǾȻЦˣЦǣǴӣʲô˵ɢ֮ǾΪɢ֮ˡ
ַЦȻȻǧĪҪţǽʶ̽ڣǵ֮ﱣһëûУҲؿɡ
ؿδ˵꣬ĸѲʶ̽ڡ
˲գһ֮ɫʱñѩףң㣬Ҳá
ַЦûϵȻһһЩֱһʱᣬǲˣҲɢǻüɱҡ
Ȼɱ˿̾ٽǸӣҲҶַ֣ˣȴֻˣȴңֱӻɢûֻصĻᣬַһҪýҩĺеϴ㡭㾿ô
ַЦǣ˿̾͸ùԹԵشӣȽ˼ϵĽƽˣ˼ҵƨ˼ҳȻٷ¸֮ģӴԶ˼ҵĻ˿Υ
һ˸㣬㲻ǵĶΣ
ַЦǾֻöһˣƣܻǽⶾġ
ĸ˶һۣͻȻַ߹ȥ
ַƵЩҩûֳɵҩɽģң¶֮⣬˭Ҳ֪ǶԾΣǲţҲԡ
ͣס˽ţҲһñԶԣԼԣǿûôĵӡ
ͬʱǷģһΪǾūˣѶûвӦûǷ½ҩȴǲֻ֪ܷ֮һΣѶˮ鸮ˡٷЧˣϵĶʱ򣬶ҪСֺÿٲ˵һȥ˸ֶ֮ģӣַ˳
ڰַʱȴˣµĽƲͬⷨҲǲͬˮַϵĽƣǹĺܣĸ˵˰ΣҲܽ⿪
ҺֽҲʱƵģֻϵĽƣ췴ͻȻȥȻϻнƣַվ·ϵЦˣܽͲܽ⡣



663 
ĸ˸Ц˼ҵĽҩ
ַʲôҩ
⻰˵飬һѹʺʧ㡭˰죬Ҳûһ
ַЦĪҪżƭġЦԻСƿӣҩʵϣǷΪʲôѡʱȷ̫ű˵Ļ
ֺޣ޲һְСǾҪһҩһӾ͵һ롣
˱ɫ㡭Ϊηࣿ
˷½ҩЦϴЩ
˺ݺݶƿӣƿҩֳݣȫȥȻַȴСֻܵȥ
ַҲǣٿ۴û
һȻû
ͬʱЦⶾҩúÿ죡
ַͻִЦҽǿʱ֮ʱѪȻ΢΢ֱˣߣôЩ
ֱĿɿڴӶ챻ˡ
ĸ˻С֣ԭƭˡ
ַЦƭĸ֣Ҳ룬ЩƲֲģô¶ο˶ΪβǶǽҩ
Ϊ׵ĺͻȻҲЦǿҲǴӣ㣬ȻԽϵĽƣȴ˵ܽ⣬⼸֮㻹޷ùǾֱȡ
ַŶô
ǺЦٵģûС㣬ֻҪһֻ䣬ӣһֻ֣һȡ
ַɫѽҺѽ
˵㲻غ£ȻҲǺޣ⡣˵һַ˹
ַҲе͵һ
֣Ǻ˾ֱַǶҲ
ǺһҲ֪أӾͻȻҡɫҲˣͻȻһԴУֱͦͦȥֻ۾ֱ°ĭа㡣
˴󾪵⡭ô£
ַЦҲûʲôֻƲ޶ǽҩȴжģҪЩȻȥ
ŭһ˶𣬵ӷ˵УǸľͷƵĵȥ
ַЦɾͶˡĸ¶ַȴҾôСܿ˿һƬ֮С
ɽӭּ΢΢Щ֮⣬̵ֻģ˲½ƵζĲܣӵ࡭̫һ񣬲ȶһ
̧һȴһ˺ҲûУúٺЦŵͦ͵ģ԰գ˼ű֮أҡһЦҲƣĵӰ
ĸĺˣʱǹȫϺ棬ﻹһ˿жļ
ַһ㶣üһ̧ۣȥֻˮһϮ£վڲϣһϸ֦ˣҲЦΣķܵˣ˼Һġ
ˮͻȻַһЦصС㣬ɣҲ𣿡
ˮһ㶣̶ͨ죬˵˵ʲôѽ
ַȲܵʲô
ˮȴǽЦҪ㣬ʲô
˵ַ̾ʲ֮УȻڼλ´磬ȴҳ룬˹ˣܲɣʶʹ˼ƣǷңУϣȫˬˡ
ˮڿڼ˵˴ģԿϸʣΣʵɭڲˣǸʲôҪôԶô
ַнп࣬ѾͷǸħŮŮԼĻش𣬶Ȼ׷ˣСȴͷʹ˶ַҲмǣӿڱڲô
˵ΣһʧôˣĪղűͷʲô׷ϣһʱ涫Ų֪ܵôԶˡ˵̾Ϣһ࣬Ҳù׷ɱ
ѣһ˶Ȼѱ档
ˮˣǣҲһˣһЦƮȻ£ָιգ˵߲ߣų¶֮⣬ɴ˿һ˿Щ
Ƥָۣȥ¼ַۣȴ෴ʤƤʵٺЦ㲻ţʲôӣ˵գֿ˿ܣװģͷ˵ʵľɫĲˣ
ˮɨɨ޵ҶήĲݣһ仨ҲûУľɫҲ㲻



664 ̷
ַٺЦ㶮ʲôŮӰǴүǾǰЩûҶӵҶ޸ĺΪңеζҲġģַԽԽҲԽԽг
ַɫˮһתЦȻˣһٿ⾰ɫΣ
ַ㣬ͲСˡ˵꣬תʵʵǸΪ׼˵Уһӣϣ˲֪ģֻˡ
ˡˮһĸ˵·ٳҾǻ𡭡ַ꣬һۣһݣƣº裬ӳʮɡ
ַбȥһᣬѲˣԿЦС椵濴Լ˼Ȼһ·Լλʧȥֻʵʵȥˮ鸮ˡ
ĸ֮ǰʧְ˿ҲҺַ˵Ĺƣֻһۣڲɷ˵̧ӣбȥ
;УַǣǶ죬һֻǰ·޼ƿʩַҲֻñĿڤ
һ·̧ͣŵַڱ纣֮ϣһ纣һϿȵУĸ˽ַڹ⣬һĺȴ˽ȥ
ɽȽˮ鸮ϣӲҪڲźãȻԶӵĸԣֻ¡ǰϿȣ΢΢ЩģΪû˱Ǹ˽λӵĸˡ
Ĺ鵣ģѻصˮ鸮ˣܲɶȥɣ漴ΪһӰϿڣϿһЩֵĺֲïǳ
ʱ򻹴һЩֲðһЩޣ֮Ǽֲˣƶûһۡ
Ƭ̡
˺Ͽһſڣվš
վסһȵ
ЦŶҶʶˣ˵ЩЦһЦŵԭ´ˡȻ˵Ȼû
ʵǿȴˮ鸮Ķӣƺɫ¡
ȥһǶӣҪд£֣صһСԸĴ£
С㣿һۣϸһۡ
һţȥҼˡ˵ű붴ڲ˺һǻˣˣҼ룬
ĵװߵҪС֪ǽ˲һ£ߣʮҲסǣŵԴɣ
ⶴڲǳĴ󣬶ҲҲΪݣƬ̣˴УΧŸͼЩͼƴһƺһϵĹ¡
ȴˮ鸮ķ֮ʼˮĵϵӵУıڻʱ̶ǵãˮ鸮ҵǾ汲ƴɱŵģڡߣǵˣˮ鸮ӵܺµģſǳ˵汲Щڻĳԣ
Ȼ룬ʵЩĽģĸ˭ӵеġ
һĮľ洫ǺǺСȥˮԳôһˣ
ϷıϣһλͷۣɫŽߵĳ۵̷ˣ̷˫Ŀ̹⣬촽ɫ˶һּΪĸо
ӣֻһ磬磬Ҳˣ
ʲôλ̷΢΢һվüͷһᣬ漴ǲСʲôȥԲлġ
СǻһַлظֻĴˣᵽַٿǰλӣͻȻãв·
С˵Ǵ˴λ͵࣬ƹĻһ·֮ϣһ仰ҲҺַ˵ĵɴʱǰӣڼַ󣬲֪᲻Ǹ࣬ҵ
ַϵ̷üͷ𣺡ôû˵ࣿСԸǻ͵ģֺر֮ȻС˴
ֻ֪Сһ·ʲôҲ˵ʲôҲֻҪ·ͺáһᣬʵ˵˳Ȼ֪ӵĺģ˵ӵĺĿ»浽ʱɾҪˡ
ൽЩȤζ̷üͷţ૳ҵ뿴һ࣡漴̷˿ȥĺѹ



665 ̸
ǣϸֹɫȴ󵹿ˮϣӲҪȻ֪ǸʵôСԴ֣̬ȣҲǷǳµġһţһȥ
һᣬַ̧˽
ˮ̷ӵһۣûеַװַӾɳ
С㳣һЩ츳ΪڣΪΪ̬ĺ޵ˮ΢΢һæ
ǲ򵥡̷ӵĮͷ
ҲôΪģӦ֪ԴСˮЩǿûֹ֮࣬ڰ;ȴǳɹȥ
ʲôĻû̷꣬͢𾪵һվ
ˮһַǳټɵģ˵ϻǿߣǻǿߣһУҲֻҪִУͻȻַȻܴӳβ𾪡
ӣ»û˵ˣ̷ӵɫŵʱϵĹ÷ӡˣԡ
ԣǿԵʵǿıģǰɣû˵̷꣬ѽӿڵôδܿ£˵꣬䶢ַСƽǣοˣ
ӣСǾ콫ͻˮ鸮ǲӦáӵ飬һæѡ
ţ̷ӻͷĮһۣ۾һʯȥһæַ̧ϣʯ֮󣬾һ͵Ĵ
ǽװַӷ£㷢һʵĹâ˸󣬴ϵӰʧ
һٴγʱǵһͬɾ칬ĵطǻÿܶŴ
̷̧ӿַһۣȳһ񹬵ȥ
ĸ˻һֻۣθϡ
̷֮ĸ˵ȳȥҺҪ̸
⡭ĸ໥һۣ֪ǺãЩԥ
⻰ַҲɻ󣺡ҴûҸʲô
ĸվԭû̷ӶʱŭǲߣҪǳȥôӦ֪һֻ·˵ɫ
ĸüͷһ壬һᣬ˳ô˼ҲӣӵĻǻ治Ҳ˳ȥ˲䣬ͷҵȾȳȥǾ͵ţӣ㡭㡣
̷ϲЦտãǾ͵̸󣬺ܿ
´ˡɻַһۣ߳˹˳Ҳر˹š
ߣѾˡԿǣӦ˵˰ɡĸһߣ̷̲ס俴ַĪҴ˵ĻģȻߡ
УַϹֻǴ׵ĸѣ˿ַʲôܴԼ֮䣬ȡַûõԿǰ˺Ƥ
ַĻ󣬲˵ȻҲдŭ˿ȴǷŭʱ
һֻһ̷ֱ͡ʩչ򡯣
Կǣ˵ɡ̷ЦúеֻҪ㽻ԿҿԱ֤ͷ飬㡣
ַɫһ䣺Ǹʲô
̷ȴ΢ЦţҺ̸ôҪȻҪʩչ򣬷ַֹھͽԿҰɡ
㲻ڿЦɡ̷ַôҪôܷϡ
̷Цһ࣬ǰͱװˣҸ㣬ҲҵߣԼҴҲǻģСѾͷ֪ʲôԭ򣬲ûб㽻ԿȴͬˣҪϸźá
벻ôңַϽ䱸֮
ǶӦɣӶַ󴦡
ַɫһ䡣
̷ЦˣҸ㣬ԼǺԹԽԿһɲΪ㣬򣬺ߣҶѣ
ַеתϱҲָЦȻ㶼֪ˣҲϣԿȷϣǿֻҪһͷͻԱʱɾʯˡ
̷Цߣ㵽ô˵ɣ
ãҾϲ˿ַݵӦýҴʱųɣӦ֪˭ôһ鶼ǼȲˬġ



666 
̷һû˿ԥһӣӵդˣַһ˼ҲûУҲһˣ˶ûвġ
̷ַӲżѾʾ˳⣬Ӧֵʾİɡ
ţܺҪľǳţַȻ
ԣӦýԿˡ̷Ȼ
˵𣿡ַЦ
⻰̷Ҳŭף½ԿҺҾͻɱڣ֮飬ҷģֻҪԿң̾ͷ㣬Σ
Сַҡͷ
̷ɫһҪ֪Ҫɱ㣬ֻҪ־Ϳ԰쵽ĵȴ֪Сͻģɱˣ治СýҲһԿͻʧ
Ǿ־ɱңҲȫ֮ʣǾԲܽԿġַЦ֮ǰ˵򣬾͵ýԣעعƽ
ߡ̷Цϣҡ
㣿ôƣַֻһʼͲҹƽ׶ѣ
̷Ŀ˲еŭ˲ţŭһ˲һֱ֣һַ
ҪַһƲǺء
䡭
㲻أҲָֻҪѣһĻַеضһ
˱˳ȥݺײǽϣǽڱѣֱַҵ棬ʯ֮вϻص
ַɫʱúѿ㡭
Լҵġ̷ַһۣˢһֱӳַ˹һĳȴǷʩΪַһ湬ϣ˲ҵһ湬ϡ
һַײϣѪ͵һţһ⣬㳯е̷ӷɴܹȥַĵЦһûãԼӲĶ£ȻûƵϵĽƣһӦùˡ
˿ַѪɫ԰ס
̷ӼȻԼ²ɷ˵һƣַĵ˹֮ϣһַֻ̣ϡꡯһ죬ʲôһ㡣
ͬʱȫһӿַһϲһ̣֪ƵϵĽȫеͨģһΣûмŴӹгЦĿǸɵ˶
ȥǵѪ
ӦõСүˣַĵЦСүɲҼңһͻҪġ
Сӣ㡭̷ӿּͻȻ֮úַָܲҪ˵ʲôͻȻ䣬һɵɫâֱӽ档
ǰĻ⣬̷˫Ŀţֱַɫ䣬ʧĽˣ
ˡַǰӲ˼ƣϢδͨɤ쳣ͳöл㣬ϽƣС£ûˮͬԴ֮Ƶֻ»ס˵ַ̧֣콣â䡣
̷ӵԽ³Ҫݽ֮У޷ܣַе콣ֱֱһɾӿʱ䣬̷ӾһƬҶŽȥ¡һײһڹڣѪƵģ۶ڱǿӿַһ̷ǰһ
һ̷ֻ͵һֱӹڵϣǿѹ嶼ա顯һֱſ˵ϡ
ǰƣһ֮ûҾͷ㣡ַɫһʱ콣âһ̷ֱϡ
̷ֱӱ˳ȥˤԶֵؿַͬǻǿߣôܱԼǿô࣬嶼ûͽԼŪ
ֲ̫ˡ
ַҲÿһۣǽǵҲַ˰˳ɹǿһ
һƣ̷ȫסˡ
ʶһ㹻Ҫˣɫ˲ò԰һ˿Ѫɫ
Լѵˣ̷ɵˡ
ˮ鸮ĶӣһٻûܹĲǿ½УԼƽʮ֮һʵôӳϮɱ
ҲҪ⣿̷ӻͷһȴǿַ˫ݵ˫˿˫ϳַ˵ͷַȴаһ
ˣǾԲų⹬ˮ鸮УֻҪһʱǻˮ鸮ϹԼɾ鷳ˣ
ɣ̷ַӵԺлص



667 һ
ַ콣һӣһâ··̺صХ˺ռ䣬âλռ䶼˿ռ䲨ơ
̷ֻо۾һһͨĽâѵǰܵķֺһȭһȭǺƮݵһȭƻʵ쵽£ƴȫһȭڽâǰһȭ˽âС

ȭͷȻݺ˽â֮УǵâҲҵ΢̺޾âǱһȭ΢һͣһᣬҲͣһᡣ
һᣬâһͻȻݺ̷ӵļ粿ֻá꣡һļͷѣ۰ٽҲ˿ȥ
ÿµһ̷Ȼˣȴûֻһɫ䣺һԴϣǱɣͲһ㣡
Һƴȫǵâҵһᣬӹһ٣̷ҲһΪַ˵ͻŹģȻɫ䣬Ϊһ˸ϽɫâԻýӰˡ
ⲻǻӰ
һ쵽µʵ콣
ԭַ콣ǵâͬʱ콣ֱֱ׳Ϊһ磬Ƴ˹ֱӶ̷ӵԴ
һĻ̷ŵɫ䣬ֻͷϵǿͻȻлΪһɫӣ֮׳ӣٿػӰ
ͬʱЩӰз׷׷һֹĵֵȻ죬ȴǳַҲ鲻Խ΢һص콣ҲͣһᣬŻƿռ䣬̷ӡ
Ӱռѿ
ϣʱ̷ѽƬУΪһ񽣣ݺ콣֮ϣĽѣҲ콣ķƫ
κΣһַȫʩΪ̫ǿʹƫҲֻǱѹЩ
ž콣ݺݳ̷ӵľ·նӹ侱̷ӵԴ룬ֵǣ̷ӵԴƮ˫Ǿ
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ͷֱӱرѿ
Ӳأ̷ַӵԴ׷ȥ
ǲһַΪģַܶӰЩӰóһ֮УɢſµֻҪڹռһԱϵ
̷ӵͷ­ȻҲܵԶ˻
ɾͷصһ˲䣬ֻǿԴΪԴͷϵ粿ز
ˮ鸮ĵϵӵҲͬˮԳϴιһһѪ⣬һܽһͷַҲûʲôֵģ
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κΣַȴû˿ɣɱ㣬ܶˮ鸮׷ɱɱ㣬ԼϾͻΣա
ۣԴֱӱַһ£ֱӻΪһѪѿ
̷ӣҲˮ鸮Ķӣַ˭֪ȴ֣
ɱ̷ӺַǰţΪǰŻĸڵȻĸˮ鸮ǿߣַŹĺ˳
һС·ͷׯԺ
ׯԺɽռز㣬Ҳ󣬵ÿһƬߣÿ䷿ӣС߽ģһζ߽ȥǸССԺӣССƲһæһҲûС
ԽַԽǵһ֣㽫콣С
ͻȻ䣬ƿ֮죬һâƿַ˹
ַͷҲδأһ֣ѽǵâȻתӡ
ַתһ˲䣬һӰѳһڰ֮У¶һ͵ףɲ֪ΪΣַףвһ⡣
Ŀ絶ַһһֵ˲ңҲˣң顣һȻַ˹ɾͽһ̹âѽеĹâڸǡ
Ǵ֮ˣһ󣬾ʲôҲûˣûܶһڿַ죬дʣҲ֪˵Щʲᡣ
ַɢʶϸһˣˣ˱ɱ



668 ׳յ
һһţȫȻַǷܱܹһ˵Żһҡͷ
ַûȥӲһһЩڻ취Ӧ֮ǰǾԲɵ£Ȼֻһǲַתλ
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΢΢һҧ˫ǺһǰóٶӰǵâһɢˣ˿Ǵ֮ˣһĻδãлǲͣţˣˣˡ
ַһ뿪ط˰еǸһۣ̲סҪЦ˳ǻƽʱһ̲סȥȷǺҲȴûõ飬ż΢΢أǻ·˹ȥֻҪ䣬ɳƬͥ԰
˭֪ʱͻ쬡һӰϴַǰ档
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ҲµĴȻһЦλǰǴѽ˵ܶһֲҳֵˣҵĳҲûмأ
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˭֪˵꣬ѴЦԭǸӳ㳤ȴҲؿСˣҪЦƶӡ
ַסˣ̲סӣ㡭Сãʲô
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ģ˵Ǹ۲۵Ĵ׳գ׳ӵʵʵ֮ͬУĴˣˮǸˮ鸮ĶѲ֪ǿ˶١
ַֻпЦһĴ£ʲ£
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ַһȻҪúúãҾ͸㣬λǰ˵Żб˳ȥˮ鸮ܶһϹ
Լ壬ع֪ЩǰУûַһʱʹˡ
һѾַ˭׷ϡ
˭֪ˮ֪ҪˣַθնϽƿ˹һǽâǻ֮ꡣ
䣡䣡䣡䣡
ȻжȻγһſȭͷСȼŻ֮򣬴ſµӿַܼĻ漸һ˲ͽַǰϷռȫڵ
ַɫһ䡣
ǻ꣬һȻȵһĻ֮ҪСĶ࣬ôĻԼҲƿܳȥǰȥ
Щ飬ϸ΢ռܶûС
䣡ַɫһһǰݺݵس˻֮С
һſŻֱӱַķɿȥȻһЩֱӱײѿȻַǿһ㹥ٶȴǴ
һȭ鵲ǰһŻַ̧ʱ֮ʣˮվǰ档
⡰׳աۺ㣬Ȼһ˲䣬ܸϳַַǰûˮһЦһǻַ
ַɲٽˣȥȻҲʸۿЩҪٴγ֮У䲻ݷɲ֣ζȻһ˻ȥ



669 ƺ
ַ˵ͬʱ콣ӣЩĻ˻ȥһշ˺˵ףʵȴѼˣΪڿУû㣬ۡʱ䡢λҪǡô
ð֣ûмǿʵܣȻһɢûоҲ޷ǰǿܶǻ꣬ҲҪ뱻ܵϮɱ
ַȻ˳ǻ꣬ˮͻȻַʱһźڹ͸ӡϮַ
ֺڹһַжʱһԺعʱɫ䣬Ȼ깥
һʱꡣźڹ͸ӡֱӷַڣ޷赲ַǱܺͶԷ룬ͬʱȫȥֿ깥
ӡַڣֱӴ֮
áַɫ䡣
һɳ죬ŬͶԷ룬ΨֶԷ
ӡƺֱײСγɵġ͸Ĥϣ΢΢һƺҪɢǹأӡȻƣ˲䷢ֵ㡣
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Ϻ꣬С꣬СϺ꣬ȻҪЩͷַٺһЦ߳һ̣ǰ͸ʱеȥ˭һƣˮǸ
ʱֻвͣһ¹ʯӭ
·ֻ꣬۾ӣоɫ꣬ˮãôˣ㻹ԼɲǺãҪõ֪ˣ㡭
ˮϹôûƼˡδ˵ַ꣬һŲڽűˮʹ죬ֲַòĿڣˮɵ㶵ģϽ߿ͲߵǸľͷʲô硣
һڱһľͷַŴüͷ˭ҿɲľͷ
ˮĪҲ䣬ַ˵ȻᣬķˣСã˵ľͷ˵أûУ
ˮˮһۣû
ûôţҶʺ̫࣬ˡ԰գˮƹˣȥˣˮĿԲַʼձţˮȥԶ̲סЦ
ˮƳһۣʲôЦ˵ľͷˣ㻹Цó
ַЦǰɵΪľͷҵˣҪΪһˣҵ鷳ɾʹˣһ񣬵ΪԹԣǿ治Ǵġ
ˮӣǲǻ֣ˣȻ֣ôܴ˵¶ɻ֮ɫתͷλȥ
ɱСۣǻȻǿҲδʤңˮ¶Ӳмַ֮Цˣ㾹Ȼţǻǿ߰ɣ
ˮһû˵һ̣ˮۡԺˮȡһƣҪȥ󴦣ǽŴ򿪡ƣæƿһʯš
ʯźһƳˮַľͷ˵˵ӳˮ鸮ҲӲ纣ΪˮԳ纣ͨ㣬ӵһΣҲӲ˵ڶΡ˵תȥƿһʯš
ˮԳͨңַˮıӰ˵ģΪˮԳֻӵԵʣ뵽ɿЦģˮ鸮ߵ»û꣬ˮԳֲ˽
뵽ַͻȻܿһۣüëһƵˮȷҵ⸽Ľַĵһ˿ɻ
Ȼˮͷַһۣɹģ벻ͨôһˣôôŮӣˣ쵽ˣ
滨ĻӡַЩĵǵʱ˺ƤԴҶûкô
ˮЦִ٣һб˼ô
ַû˵ˮһͬҵĵطⰵУһܣռ˰ǽڣˮߵԣһİťһһһԿ
¶һŵͨ
ôʲôַЦ
ˮȴͷ˶֪ڣˮ鸮Щµļһһ˭£޼ɵ˵ţţһĺڵͨ
ַˮУɾַѾа֮ͨڵʱˮһҧͻȻѸٵĴһʯڣֻʯϹâһ¶һ˸ߵͨˮһУǵžرա
ӴܽţŹرգգۼɣҪʱνȥ治Ǽ׵飬ˮȴĽȥˣȻһܶΣԲŻô
ûע⵽һ˲䣬ַͲӰ
һʯڵСڣˮ΢һС棬㻹ԶˣߣߣˡˮЦС¶˵Цݡ
Цݻûɢסˣ¶·˹ı飬ǰȹҪɶһЦŵˮ޲һƹϡá
Ȼͷȴĸ֮жַֻ΢΢üͷ׽ԲôţҲ⣬ҪҪһΣַǲ̾ڣ˭Ҳ׷١


676 ػ
ȹųһ˲䣬ˮһͬģֻˮ˷֮Уûзˡ
㡭ˮҪ˵ɡ㡯˺þãȴܵ٣ʵڡ㡯һ֣һᣬǿԼ侲¶һ˿Цݵ벻
꣬ӭģַĿ⣬ԼƽǰòҪˣСһΣҲ֤Ҳִݻ
ͻȻַ֮ˮĵһս
ĸɫˣǴġݵġġײеġԵġթġ٣ͻȻоЩǰһȣͬצĳһЦ
̧ͷַĮףˮͻȻ˭˵滨ˣͨһߣ
ַƺ֪ˮ˵ɫ糣ȴЦһ
ڳĬУǰһС·ǰ΢⣬ͬʱӿ˽Ų߽һСĶС
˶ʮɿ㣬ϣ鲼ߴСԲ׶״ңıڰ׹עأȴڶĴһʮɴСıˮ̶
ˮ̶̶ˮ΢Щκ쳣
ǣַ´һ飬δʲô̲ס
ˮбַһۣ¶ЦЦɫ
󣬲ľ֮أҲˮ鸮Ӧ֮أ˽ҪĵطȻҪȥˣֻҪƳȥɡˮŲæ˵һ䣬Ŀһת֮䵽˶мˮ̶ϡ
ַ£ЩȻͬˮ̶
ʱˮָһһ֣һʺεѪˮ̶֮УѪˮУûڻǻΪһâֱûˮ̶вӰ
һᣬֻԭƽˮ̶棬Ȼˮ̶ˮתԽԽ죬γһ޴УĴ֮
û뵽̶סַĻЩȵûˮ鸮˴·ָǱҲҳ
֪ͺãڸĽֻˮ鸮ϵӵܵѪܼǿƽֻ»׵ˡˮһ߿ַһߴ˵
һȣһѪ֮У̶ˮһ¸ɵȻֿһʯ̶̨𣬳ַǰ
ˮ˵Ϊһ׹䵽ʯ̨֮ϡ
ַ΢ԥһ£ҲΪ׺磬ȥ
ʯ̨ʮɴ󣬳ԲΣ滹ʪģ޴ʯذ壬⻬쳣мʯϣ˸ָķţЩ̵棬˸Ѫɫĸֶ
֪ΪΣһЩϵĹַͻȻЩľдвʱ䣡һʯ̨͵һ
һɫӰѸشʯ̨дֱַܳӰַֻһ˫۾һ˫͵۾ȥЩˡ
ϣˮͻȻӰӣҲ΢΢һƺҲ벻ΪλͻȻҲǾ֮ɫ
ҹʲôϣַĿһƳѿһΪҲ쾳磬Ҳ⣬ŵֺһ콣֣ǿػУ콣һϡ
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콣̴˫ɷַצһţѽ󷭷˳ȥ
ٶȲַǺޣ漴ֽһ
콣ת
һǿĽͨ콣ͷϣֻǵһ׷˳ȥһˤһʯ֮£ѪȾǸɺԵĵ档
ⲢûҪֻһಣһԾУַ
ַ콣ббָԶ㣬ЩʯɣͻȻһһʯڣȻУʯڶ
ˣˮü΢΢һͻȻ߰ɣ㲻Ķ֣
ͷѻΪ޵ȴƽشһԣһﲻ
ûҵĻôˮ΢΢΢Щŭ
ͷƤᶯ£Ȼ󻺻˫ĿͻȻͳܸ֮￴أ뿪
ҽߣߣôϻˮüͷ壬
ˣҲãǾҪ뿪ˡַһ°ͣ¶һ˿˵ڻ㿪󷨣



677 и
ѵҪһͣˮ
ΪʲôԣַЦЦ¶˼һʹ˵طô֣Ǻõġ
㡭ˮͨС֮ĶȾ֮
ԣַһ̣´ˮһۣЩ˵һСŮˣӳϹϵ˵͵СģСЩûأ
˵һߣһߣ浱㲻ɣˮһӻľʯڼС
ЩʯúˮָʱһɫâЩʯ֮ϡ
һʯ̨һЩʯͻȻĿĹâ
ӲӵأҫĿ쳣
ЩâԽԽʯ̨Ҳγһɫâ
Ƭ̺󣬾ʯϵ׷׳ֱۣһٽʱ˲䱬ѿһϸСİâȫ˵Щķ֮ϡ
ʱݺᣬһ½ַˮûɲǼ󣬹Ϊ㣬ɳƮ¡
ַˮ˼ʧˣҲظԭƽ
ֻͷˮΪϵĺ޽ͺú󣬲ɫĿַˮʧ˵طһۣǱˮ̶֮С
纣һƬƽĺһ׹֮ͻȻͣ
һŮӰڹâӵƾճ
еһСĴһ˫۾峺ޱȣŮ޳绨ת֮䣬޵ķ鰵УֻǵԱӵΪ󣬰һ
䳰ȷأҲδ̫СĹͷɣŮӵ˵ͳĴԣ÷ǳܹ˵ĳ룬ǻǷǵġ
ַɫ˿δһһ֣ڴĻֱնȥڸ߿б˿Ȼŵ˵ٹһˮԳĻþݹҷˡ
ԭַˮԴǸһ֮ʣˮԳ׷ߣʼַΪˮ壬ɵˮ֮ı֤ʱַŲòһɺϡ
Ҳ̫ˣͣȻֱ͵ˮԳѲУҺǶѲûʲôǿߣַɱ˼ͷˮԳ
ƬϢ©ߵЩˮԳһСʱͻַлˮЩˮԳͨ籨ţԲһ˵ﻹˮԳ˳֣Ҫÿ
˭֪仰ո˵꣬ˮлڵΪβɱңʡɹģ
ַʱѾ쳣Ĵһ£ûڴˣŶһعͷӲܵĻڸߴһ£ǷߴڣԷһ
ҿ㴿û£Ϲ˰ˣˮѺ촽һƲ˵һ齹ʯ֮һҲûҪӵӡ
ھ뿪ˮ鸮Ѿ߰ʱ䡣
һ·ϣҲĲͷ࿴Է˳ۣŮ֮Ӧео֮䣬һ㶼ûв
ӣþҪַʧܣ˳Ƣ
ַɲˮһףԷֻһ䣺ҾԶزˮ鸮ֻҪ仰ˮ
ˮȻƲҲ֪˴һעɷǣҪǵַŭʱҪԲٿͷһ·ϣĲУӲģӲĲУģ÷Ҫ
Ѿˮ鸮ˣҸҲֻǸһظɡˮ˳ַĿ˵
ûȷҵİȫǰͲҪˡַͷûأüͷһ
ô˵ͨͳĵطģˮ鸮׷׷㣬Ⱪ纣ôִӺ֣˵ЩҲˣֻˮԳ㣬ûˮ鸮˲Сˮһ˿˵
ֵĵطַüȻˮԳļһﶼҵңΪʲôˮ鸮Ҳˣ
ˮ鸮ЩһûҪСǸҳ׷ˮĿﲨתһ˿̽ĵ˵ôֻҪңҿԷģֹˮ鸮ı
ҲǲУиַˮƵ˵
ԣˮһϲæʲô


678 鵤
ˮ鵤ַһ˵˫ָ˴
һˮɫৡһ±ҿ㻹ǻˣˮ鵤¹شҲ
ģҲҪֻܶ࣬Ҫˮ鵤ַŮ飬΢΢һЦ˵
ֻҪϵģˮһ¶һ˿ЦݣɫȻĿл¶һ˿ϲ֮ɫ
ֱַƲѣ֪Ѿͷ뵽ʲôˣҸɶǣȻǵ棬¶ıЦ
ʲôַһӦֱ֪ܷ鵤ģüٵƭңӦò˵ҲӦ֪
ֹǺƣģҾ滨ܺãˮˣҪˮ鸮ˮ鵤ļһﲻֹ֪ˮ鵤ɵСĵ㡣ˮ΢΢һת󣬺Ϊַһһ֦ĽЦ
ַһЦû˵ʲô
ɵñܺˡˮЦ˵һ䣬ƿֱ׸ַ
㵹ͦϵģַֽӹƿҲûֱӶ˿ռеģЦЦ
ַΪˮĿһ˿ɫֹ˵ЦˣˣСŮܲЩôһᣬֵˮ鵤֪ˮ鵤ĹЧʲô𣿡
ַһ治֪ȴûпѯʣΪʱˮǹڵθڣˣˮԸҲһ˵
ôͲҡˮƺַ˼ңȻҲᣬֹʣҾ˵һˣͻġ
⻰ַ¶һ˿ʧ֮ɫ֪ˮǲܸ鵤ĹЧˣתһ룬ȻʧЦ˵Լұȥô
ƺˮҲûʲôˣҲӦ뿪ˡ
뵽ַ˵ڷ㣬ҲǵԼ˵ʲô
Ǻǣģˮ鸮Բ׷ġˮ⻰ַȻһЦʱݹˣⰻȻ
Ǿͺã»Ҫһˡַɫ˵һ䣬Ȼ󲻵ȶԷ˵ЩʲôͺɵĻΪһɶݶȥû˿֮⡣
ˮַԶȥĶݹ⣬¶һ˿Ź֮ɫ֮ͻȻԶȥַˮ鵤ĹЧ괴˵ġ䣬ַѵܳһ˿֮ɫˮ°䣬ȴֱַӴӿеȥ
ֻˮֻˮ鵤ȴһһ٣ϣ˱С㣬˭ҲܽǷֱǺǣʹҵʱ򣬿ɵע⣬ǿŶ
⻰ֱ˵ַѪڣعͷ뽫󻹺ݺ˰ѵˮѵһ٣ɿ˰Σҡҡͷǰȥ
ʱˮ̫ԶȻ˵ĻһаգԼѲסˣǾ䣬ȴַŰɣɾԺϵ˺
ѡȡˮ鵤֮ʱҲΪˣˮ˵Ǽٻã˵滰Լһöٵˮ鵤ֻжСΣա
ž鵤ȴһֱһ٣ǹƵģȱ£ҲֻˮֹѾͷĳ
ߣñСôͷƣǱС硣ˮַԶȥıӰ˵˻ͲٳɵؽϹһţסǾ˵ݡ
ҲΪһŹâˮ鸮ȥ
ˮַֿһɳǧһεĺ׾ң
κַĵˮ͸ƿ˳Ȼ˼飬ÿֻƿȻһӲӵĵҩȻζЩ̱ǣҩ̺ǿܸܵһġ
ˮȴ˵鵤һֱһ٣ַϸϸʶ̽˰죬ȴֲ٣鵤С״ɫһģһ̺ϢҲһ޶ַηֱˡ
鵤ģˮѾͷϷŪԼȴʼֻǻɣȴȷϾˮѾͷԸʲô£ûиݿѰġ
ˮȻֻ˵ˡһһ١ĸ֣ĸȴʱַ֪Ѿͷ˵ֶλ治ǸǵģڵĸоǺܼۣϧȴ˶֭ͽκΣ
ƵĽ鵤·ƿУҺôʱһֻĴܣûеҪԷ۵ʱ򣬲ȻҪʹؿˣ鵤ȴã˭Ķ֮



679 ȡ
ƵĽ鵤·ƿУҺôʱһֻĴܣûеҪԷ۵ʱ򣬲ȻҪʹؿˣ鵤ȴã˭Ķ֮
һ֮£ֽƿ׽УԺʱúоһ
ˮ鵤ֱܷ磬ַ͵ĽǸȡ˳ӱˮԳôصĵط㡢ˮᵽַȲؿеر
ûãַȴѪظо
ƾþְ취ӵĸȴͬΪһ棬޷һ˿϶
ܿעͬ߳ŭøֱӺ档
ȶ½⣬һ˿ӡ
ַĶˣ鵤ֱܷ磬ȫûаְ취
ʵַЩܲء
һʲôǿ߲˷ӡֻӡЩ죬֪ӡַǾƲˣƿˣĶҲһͬٻ
뵽ַӿʼתǰϺѧԺϹŷӡַһһϵķӡ֪˶á
ַıʱüͷ壬ʱʱֶԼǰĽƸֱͻȻһϲһϹŷӡϵķӡơ
ַӡǷ䡣
νġ䡱ʵǹרŷӡ׸һǿɲ˶ʹõģΪҪһ̷ǳӣҼѡ
ֺķӡ֮ͨ;Żʹõ
һΪ˷ӡĳϡ֮ıֱļֵһǷ˲Żû˴ֱʡ
һѹĳЩĹħҲõ䣬ԷǱ仯
;һֶĶǷͬСɡ
ַϣװ鵤챦ӡһ̬Ĺħһųǻ˵á
ҲףӡħĿԷǳ֮ССܵĵزҲûʲôõĵģȫòĴӺħɡ
ھȻ֪沼ǡ䡯Ͳ½ⲻˣٴϵķӡۺȻַ¶ϲ֮ɫҲðʧĴ
ĬȻ˺ðַջǿЦһ૵£Щͷʹ˴Ĺûвĵɣ
ַ΢΢ҧҧһһضĹȻȥ
顱һδ䵽ϣбѿΪ㣬ɢڽ֮ϡ
ʱһƵָ˽ӵΧ
˹ֽӲӣСϹ֣һֱӿֶͬһŶ鲼֮ϡ
ַɫ΢־Ϲ鼮пԲδ¶Ծ֮ɫ
˫һֻӰںһ𣬽ǲҲЩֵںϣ䱡֪˶ãֱַǲеں֮ʱȻӱˣȴҫ۴Ŀˡ
ϵִ˿ҲʼСϸһɫĵֱڱתͣԵȻ쳣
ЩַǲŲʣרǵһȴָӵں϶ÿһںϣýɫ΢΢һ
ʱַɫЩ԰ףҪƽַӡҲǳĺܡ
Ҳѹ֣˭ͣĻϧ͸֧Ԫʹеںϣģд⡮ӡ䡯ַ̬Ϊ˵õĶҲνʹ˳̵
ȻַЩԪ𣬵ɫҲ;ƿ֮ʱʱܱһ㣬ап಻ַҧļ
һᣬһ󡮺¡¡ıУַϲ֮֮
䣬ϣıɲҪ׷СүһѪֻԭϥŵַһվһϲĿԼǰǸӡ
谭ܴǸӵĽɫ֣˿̵Ȼ޴棬΢΢˸ķ䣬ҲɲǼ
ַ߹ȥСӵĸ˿ʱһĻĿĲʹ⣬еĶԼͬĳ¶ַС
ַֻ΢΢ɨһ£ҲһʱȻʱ鿴ˡ
һǰıһƯӰ֮УɢŵԵӥצ
ʲôַ΢΢£ӥצϵϢĸоޱȣ׾ܻƿռ䣬ַ˿ĭɰͰ͵


680 ط
Ǵ˿̣һˣȻҲû˻ش
Ȼһʱ֮䣬ַ֪Ǽʲôʹܷһ㣬Ϳ֪
ֹӥצַɲΣ˭֪ûвʲôƣʹֵı˲ҷǿ޶ûطȥˡ
ųʶСĵһ챦ֱûʲôӦȷûʲôƺŷĵ֣Ǽӥצ͵챦ȡϸ
ӥצͨӲӵģŵӫ⣬ӥצϿŵЩӻƼӡĹǸϹ֮棬ַûиӦʲôѰ̺֮Ҳ̫ߡ
룬ָһ󣬲еĽʵأЩдӲ·ĳľƣһͳעЩȥ
֮һӴӥצڲڵĻŵַϽж˻ͣʧˡ
ʱַٻӥצ˱仯צ˸Ĺ⣬ĳ̶ַ˿ɣⶫ׵˺ƿռ䡣
ַעһ˲䣬ضݡ֣ͻȻԺУ˿֪峤ĿҪȥˮԳȡض챦
ַȻǳŪʹ÷˿Բʱ򣬶ҸոճضݿͷҲٺҳԣһᣬͽضСĵսС
ǰģһɫʮּܣûַʮּķǳƣΨһ֮ͬϣ̻ͼ
ַõе˲䣬Ӧþǿ˵ԿˣֻԿϿȥʵͨĺܣûûɫ䶯ʲôûУһͨʮּܲࡣ
ʵƲַҲֻýӵ
֪;Կպú󣬽һɨַͻȻԾضеĳһȻ֮ɫ
ֻӵײȻֳһԲһСС
Բи»ɬķƮΧа˿鵭ɫƽЩֵ֣ǣԲһСɫĶƯһ
ַϸ֮£ͻȻЦһСɫĶȻⱩ纣Ѱһ㲻ˣΪԲıǩ
ǸССǩַϵЦŨˣȻȷģȻӻм챦Ҳû˼ȥƷϾ˿ˮԳ嶼Ҫͨ
ڻǸϽɶ٣ﵽ쾳ΪһⱩ纣ϣľʹߣ˱ˣڶ֮ʱҪһԻ
һᣬַͻȻȡضݣ¶һ˿ᣬ૵취ȥһģ˿̣Ҳֻȥ壬ܾܽһ
һ˾ַͲٳɣİѽĶٰһѻپ΢һЩֱӣ
Ҳڴ˶ֱڿնشҴҵķɱȥʱղҹҹɫһֱ˴ҹֻʱ·̺󣬲΢ЪϢƬ̣ȵҹɫŨˮȻ徳ڡ
һ·ǱУǰ壬һʱ䣬ķųʶϸ̽Σ֪֪Ǳ壬ͬǱԼļһ㡣
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682 
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ĿŴüıӰ̾Ϣһŵóϣǿ߾رԷ¼ٶȷͨʤϣ˳ʱȥڻ굺̽켫ʵ㣬ǿн䱸ߣټлǿߣüϡ
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԰գ̧ȥ˭֪ͻȻǰǰ档
ؽеһ⣬Ը׵ľȳС㣬һǱȽϰȫһ֡
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Ҿ˵ǲģȻҪǸַȥС㣬ҾûǸַȥΪĿԽԽɫͻȻ˵룬ΪʲôһҪַȥС㣬˵ַŲɻĳޣ룬˵滰ַ汻סˣѪͿС㣬ǴҶ뿴
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685 
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һأλл᳢ԣһЦʱתʱѻعһĻʧɫæǰȥ
ӲãַһȣˣָѴ֮壬ʱһ͸ָ룬˵ʱ٣ʱ죬ֻǡһɴһקһ˵ڵأɫɷף͸ſ־֮ɫбȥַѵ
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ŭ壬ȴֲҶãַſۣЦ֣ٸŻСүһžͲŹͷ
нַһٰʮ飬ȴˡȣŲ㡣
ַһЦʧʧֺʹֵƤȳǽӲһŵߵҺࡣ
ⷬδ˵꣬ŭؿھʹ۵³һѪк޼ȴɫȥѪˣܿˣСƤԵʡ
һԿⳡϷ֮һţЦĿһӢ۰ԲһȴɸԸ¼Ĺӣ۵㡣
ַҲͷЦϷҲˣҳҲʾˣǲӦҲʾ⡣
Ҫʾʲô⣿ЦһСӼթ޳ԣܻĹ
ôַЦûѻ˵֮꣬һֶֺݵԣʹ뼫׷״ֻ΢΢֪ЩĻһ˿ɫڲַı



687 
˭ַ֪һۣһŲϣ֧֧У˭ö˵ЩʲôַȻķԣЦȻʶʵ۹⣬Ժű桭˵Ƴһۣǳһܷӿ
ڼһ˲䣬һַදֻǰӰһַǿкһټǧƽٶȷӵ˼¡
֪ԾҲƭ˶ãڼǸҪݵĺˣ׹ʱԼർݵĿƣ¾Ҫˣ浽ʱ˶һ
ַڶģܴӼֻҪʱܵƣž˺ͼ̸еʸˣͬǰ˵
ֻҪڼУǲֻҪ뼫ӲаգһܰסԼС·ðˡ
ڼַԣɢȥһ˲䣬ַǲڿգű콣ȫһǰжٿػӰһʱ
쵰ָ֣ϷŪ棡һļıѸƣŭһſַ֮շ׷׸ƣɴ˿ɼѶŭ
һɵñϷŪ㣬СүϷŪ˭ַһץȥոճԹͷʱȻѾȻַֻΪ˾ǣַԹޣ˿޼
֪һץסԼƱҪԶǷһ֮ˣԼԺɲѰˣ½ַץƾȥٺˣȻڿնѶȥ
ַһĻǲ֪뷨Цһ㲻Юһȥ;У˼һۣЦټˣ
ӰλӰȻٶȱֹ˰ٱԼԸ񣬸׷ַ㶨ȻһΪȻȫʩΪȥ׷ַҪ׷㣬ȴ׵ĺܡ
ַģҲģԼҲģʵڲԸǷַ飬˭֪Ƕģϲȴ롣
Ȼ䣬ֻȻַһһͷ˹ȥһĻȴʹɫ䣬Ȼͣ˶״Ҳͷȥɫȴַĸ
ֻڼҡվһϾ¶ڸʹѽ飬дַҪ뿪ڲܿڣΨַһһ˻ء
ߵ뼫ԶľʱȴͣǰֻҪ뼫ˡ
ۼַǹؼλͣɫһɭȻСӣôˣ
ַ£Ц˴ǰΪСģûȵСô˽ȥ
ԣס󾱣ǰ˭֪ǰַҲ˼֪Լ˼ַֹͣǰЦУѱʲô£ܴӱн˾ߡ
ַĿͣϣҲ˶ַ˫üһЦ϶Ҹ
ߵʲô
ַҪҵ޷ǾңС㣡ұ֤ܣִУһڽȻ
ɼַУʵŲֻʹթ˫üһǣСһڱǰߣϷΣΣ浱ɵӲɣ
ַһЦԶһ˼Уһϴϲƾͳַ˭ַ֪ܣؿڣѪʱڶ͸½
ʱʧеַ㡭ʲô
ַʹһЦɬ϶ʱһſУСұƱҪӹ˫Уʱʲô书Ҳʹڲ
ôˣַ֪ΪʲôҪôʵɲһƻ
ˮй£ٿض˳ѩ׵˫ջ䡣
нͻȻе֣ҪˣǰһץҪַȥַչһץա
ȻѣͻȻַĻ߱˹һļ٣æȥٲǰˡ
ԼһȷַַȻˣһʱת˼ͷЦãţ԰գͻȻֱֱַ˹ȥ



688 ־
ַһңȴȥ׷ɱС㣬ôǺã
ĵСӵǽԼĿֻ꣬Сӣ˵Ҳ˴šһͷЦã췢ģһһΥ𡣡
ַһͷã˵ǰýӵɾʱͻȻһƽַ֮С
ǧһ֮ʣַ˫һƣոսӵȻͳ֮УĻУæסַеǿߣҲµģ
ٺ٣᲻£ɲԼ˵㣬˵㣡һַԼ֮Уʲôæ˽ȥһԲˡ
䣬ģסַзĻᡣ
վ棬棬ΪҪΪʲôҪ˵˵ţȻЩˣǴʱվʱߣʱ
ҺԱ߻ˣһ֣ץС㣬ǿ߰ɣȻ͹ֵһˣ
ҲߣҲߣҪԼߺˣˤ֣Ȼֱֱб˹ȥ
ɫһ䣬æǰһĺ֮ϣʱһǰס΢΢̾ϢС㣬ðˣ԰գҲ飬ֱڿԶȥˡ
ʱУվԭһҲַһ֣ץַعЦСڻ䵽ˣ֪ϴһʱʱˣ˵ͻȻһֵΪǱ纣򣬵һϷŪ࣡
ַɼץסҲκηĻһۣϷŪĵһ࣬ǰúޡħϷŪˣ˵⣬ģһȣбһۣзߺ̡
ƴ˿ַӲģ򶨣عЦСӣ˰ˮѾͷĪϲô٣һ࣬Ȼϲ鰮
ַĮҡͷֻ֪ǳģԼѴԼҹⲻȥַⷬԷθ˵ǿУҲǴ˴ȫȻСеôġ
ЩҲģԼûǿߣȴӲַССˣΣʱŭѪϳ壬С֣֪䵽Уҽôô˵ŹһЦַؿס
Ȼָצסţھóɻַ֮࣡һצץÿڽѪɫȴ¶˿˿ЦݣͷЦݣиŭ
۽âٿؾָˣҪץ䣬Զʴһƿ֮ǿ߸ʢŭ֮࣬ȴҲɢʶɵ֪ߺȴôôˮԳǿߣ߲ƣȻǣҲΪȱַһп̷ʱˮԳǿߣûŪǵ⣬ɲ޹Щ鷳ַֽЮͻȻԶȥ
ԼʱЩˮԳļһϴԶľ󣬼һǵһǣַ˼ӡϣ䵽һС֮ϣ⵺УȻŪһһҾ޴ޱȵĴ
ַδôĴֻ޵϶㵹ܣ⴬㲻١ɣ
ȴֻصСӣΪľܣȻЩߣƴͻΪԪ
ַһЦܽˡ
һۣĵЦӽҲ޲ƾվٶȻˮУٽַڲУ⶯ǣ⴬Ȼʻ
һַ˼Ӱ֪ˮԳΪ׷ԼеĽӣԲˣҪȻַô־ܣԼ뼫С
һֻͷˮԳ٣ֻüˣβĺӰѰ˼Ҳ֪ˮԳ˶ǿǰ׽Լǰϣǰ׷ԽԽãǧҪԽǿУþ뼫ƴܾˡ
΢΢Щķ±˹ų忪ԼϵĽƣʱлˣҲóûԪˣµĽַͬһ㣬أδɹ
ǰһڣܾǺˮǼŴֱû˺ˮ֮Уںˮ֮ʻ嶼һ㵭ɫţǲɫĹּ뺣ˮͬһɫǲϸ쿴ֱ治



689 
ֻͻȻˮúЩˮԳ׷һʱʧĿ꣬Ȼˣ죬ѾûˮԳ˵Ӱӣַļƻգɷſڴ
˼䣬⼸æ˦ˮԳЩ׷ߵļؽһתַֻҪԼˣ漴סڣЦһ
˭ַ֪һۺĿһ˿ɫַֽץ𣬼в£ȻֱӷĴ󴬣ˮȥַ΢΢Щᣬôõһ󴬣Ȼ󺣡
ַֻˮ첻ӣֱֱһɽ˹ɽʯܲЮַУ˺ңתʮڣʱѵһ᲻ʯ
ʱһĴ󴬺󷽣ͻȻҴ󴬺棬ԳƬ̫࣬ۼߵôһҴǻˮԳµЩߵ֪
ԣЩ׷ߣڵһʱϵɴʱЩһȴ֪Ȼѿǣ沨ҿմ֮󣬾صɽԶȥ
ʱŴַӺɽԶȥĴӰЦַ֪ϼһ̫թƣξ治֪ǲԡ
Юַںױһ󣬺ͣ£ˤڵϣ߿һţЦСӣҪΪҲ֪Щëǳģ㻹ʲô˵
ַһʱᣬҶԼɱ֣˫ۣĬ
ȴЦҪȴҲף㣬ˮԳЩһΪʲôҪ׷㣬Ҫ˵㲻֪£˵ˣ㲻
ַһŤͷ𣬼һ֣΢΢Ц㲻˵Ҳգ㣬ʦţһԶͬڵΪǴĶѧģ˭ģ
˼ǲ˵Сү̸ܽ㣬ӳˮԳ׷
ٺ٣ʹ˵ʡʱһЦҲʵʵ˵
ĴΣַһڣҧֻۣ
ŭһַ̧֣ԴҪ£ʱȴԥѰ˼ΣС˵İĲУӴĦ潫ѧᣬУҲǲˣ
ǿߣô£٣һЩͷԼԸ񣬳Ȼǲ٣ηģȴֻһˡ
Уټϣǰֲַг˴ҲһֱڻȻСӴ˿ԼУҲŪҪֵ̽һʱѾ
һᣬˮԳС׷ʹҲһʲôأҲŪףСңǿƿ޹ֻܻȡ׳Ŀڷ硣
ת̾˿Ѱһʯ£ЦС㵱ϲѾͷô
ַһϲϲʲôɣ
ЦȻйأ˿ɱ㣬Ҳֻˣһ·츳ѣնȻǰ;ʱŮżٸߣҲͰ͵ĽѾͷ͵ǰֻҪһԸŮժ׽ɲ˵Цģֻţһܵ
ַȻջҲûã֪£һܸġ
Σ䣬аˮԳ£Ҳˣ£ȴһҪСӿڲУˮԳ£ַ˵׽һˮԳļһ̿һǼһﲻ¶ϾģǷǳٵģ飬ϧԼַӲԵˣԷǳټġһᣬɫ粻תͷȻСһţϷЯ֣ĲǣˮԳЩëʲô纣磬Ҳδض᲻ﵽѾãҲͻΪķӣ۷ʱ޶࣬һͳٻģ𣿡
һͳ磿ַէŴԣһôĻǣôʢһҲƮƮȻЩ⡣
⶯ЦСӣνӺɷ򲻿£뵱һ춯صĴ£˵Ž⿪ַϵĽƣЦֽվԸӱ棬ȻˣҪߣҲ
һίʵַϣɺΣϼһʲôƣ
ЦҪɱ㣬ƣʲôƣǶҪ˵ôǱǱǸ˲ţͼΰҵֻǰŰˣ



690 
ַЦͼΰҵߣ뽫ҵһöʹˡ
һЦȻģԺԻס
ַһȻˣϼһ֪ʱƬĴˮԳ׷ߣ㶨Լ˽ȥŽԼнƣ㲻֪ԽôԽ˵϶Ļ⡣
һַĵ϶Ȼթ˵ǶСүҲδҴ˿ԼҲĽͻˮԳΧһʱļӿͷãҲӢţͬ·Ҳǲ
ĿЦСӣȻǳ֮شסͷжЮַзɱ
һ죬ͣЪϢ伫߿Ƭ̣˵ȥЩҰζԳԣ˵Ȼ磬ǲҪԶˣǺһڡ
ַǲ֪˵ȥҰζʵй۲죬Ƶַ֮⣬д󶨣ҲԶңңˮĳĺ㣬û˿Ҳζֳַˡ
ҲˮԳЩͬڵϹʱ¶٣ûʲôַļƻɾҪˣר𺣵Ƨɽػߣ书񣬴ַں׷ɽԽȣԾɡ
ôգǰˮɽƽƽ˳һƬ˺ɽ֣ϣһ·ʱˮԳĸֳûϼɷǣʽͽǶˣȻȶߡ
ΪȡַҲٰգ˹ˣҲʱ̽ڷ磬Ϸİء
ַµ⣬һζװơ
ɰգСӣжֵͣùϷˮĥ򣬺ߣ³ɣӰж˿飬ɻɢǣӾСĹӡаģȴЦ¶֡
˸̥࣬һռ΢΢⣬Ȼһʯ֮Уһʱ֮䣬ΣȻҲŭѡ
ַʯ߶ʱԽԽ߷磬Լʮ·̣ԣĿĹˣʯѱתȻֻصԭأɵʧȵˮԳЩ鹬ĵס棿
֪ˮԳ֮Уûж֮鹬Ĳ󷨣ô֪ˮԳǴŪ󷨵ģȲףþЧ鼱֮£Ⱦʧһͨֱַüͷ
һ󣬺ֳַһۣЦСԴ󣬾һȻޱɫѵ֪ƽ󣿡ºɫ̵ַǲ֪ƽ󷨣
ԶһҪúһУ˵꣬ҲȼڣַͰַָ߱һæ
һȴַĺģ˿⣬Ҫֲַ֪ΪɵַѴʱֻҪַ춯ͳֽС
ַеľü䲻ʤЦͷżȻүǣôĪǴӱɽģһڣߣڿɲƵʱӦͬ۹á
ַԼ˼ҲЦһ㻹ר󣬸ϽȥɣҪˮԳǸϹˣҲˣ
ʱ󷲵ˡ
ѿƨ˵ˡת䣬ַ֪˵ġˡ˵󷨴ˣæˣĪˣ
ַû˵ŵ㣬Ȼæ˲ơ
ģһʱɲЦСһɲҪ滨û㣬ֻҪҳʯЩˮԳǿߣһ׵ľ㣡
ַͷЦģ㻹ûôģһȥġ
ԣлǺɣ˰ΣȴƲʲôãѴԼ߳ʯǴοЦһ̧ǰһһɱӿ
ͷŭַҪʱʯͻȻ棬ַһûʧˣŭȥҪղ˭ڱ͵Ϯһ񣬾ַѳա
֪תһƣȴǹӰҲޣֻһʯͷڻƶƵþɲѲɱ̫˻þɾʱһǰŨҵɱٴδϮ
һתȴַӰǰ֣ԾɣһŭȵСӣӵ𣿡Ծ׷ϡ



691 ǿ
֪׷ַӼֲ֮ˣŭ𷢿־죬ªۣɱϮ˹һʱ޿ɱܣתһĳ
ֻǰɱʱһǰӰһΣӰ˼һƣһһѪʧʯС
һе֣д󶨣˺е󱲣ݻȻˣȴò˴𻰣תӣĹ˼ȴҲûƼַˡ
ַȻѾʧŭ񣬶ȻŰȵϽҲĹ󣬷ݹֱ潫ٵøɸɾٽһһɱ
ŭֱ֮ȴӦ
ˮԳҵģɱֱºûѣŭ֮£顱һţǰһʯͷߵ÷飬ǡˡһ죬һȭʯΪʯۣԶҲˡ
һ·˳ȥʯʯʣʯʯɽʯڣʲôֻҪʯйصֻҪȭһ̾ͱ÷顣
Żޱȣתĵǿƻ£̾ͱһͿģʯȴһӰҲûʼ͵ϮЩӰӣȫˣûһ¶ͷġ
һ󣬼ȵã濴ܶ㵽ʱ꣬ͻȻһתһţԱߵһʯɽͻȻֱˡ
δʯɽͻȻ߳Ӱ׼ȷ˵ͷˮԳˮԳǮѩ׵ĳëͷһǽ͹ȧͷˮԳƼ˹תӡ
ߣ棬ߣһѴ˹ȥһץסһͷˮԳĺ󱳣ͷˮԳҲǻڵĺޣһΪҲ֪ģ˿̾˿ҲʩչԹԵر
һۣŭУһգͷˮԳԴײһʯɽ֮ڣɫʯϣǻѪɫһһѪⲢ
һͷˮԳýŶˣ仹ӣδӳ㡰ۡصڵϣһץͷˮԳͻȻԣел˵
ͷˮԳҪ˵ַ٣ס֡
֪ͷˮԳȴҵˮԳһкγޣΪҪ´˶֣
ٺ٣ǰûгޣǾȻҽ֮УƻӿƵĺ£վ֮ԳɱҲԩĿ¶ݹ⣬ŭ
ͷˮԳ˰Σ૵ǲҪס㣬ֻסǸ࣬˭֪ǸͬУʵҵȣܷСһ·
ֻɭɭЦãӷһ·ЦѻƣͷˮԳͷͷˮԳ߶ûһ͵ӡ
ͷˮԳɱ󣬼ٵ˼ʯɽȴҲûһˮԳӵܣҲǼɽɽʯʯ·֮һĵ·
ǰʯʯȴԽԽܼˣôüͷ΢΢ЩڣӦ÷ŭ֮£ͷˮԳɱˣôҲӦһͷԼʯ˵
˿̼ȻˣҲֻһݣһĳͻȻ䣬ǰȻʣʯɽУͻȻ漣ֳһƬƹ⣬ǣѣĿ
İĺ磬Ȼ˵ɭڰ˿̣ﾹһƬԻ͵ĵƹ⣬ƹǵδʹʯؼ٣ʹʯ˵Ĺ졣
һᣬ飬ַˣ⼸֮ƾͻȻðһŨҺɫˮ뺣ˮ֮Уܵ˵طƾ˼ء
ͻȻ䣬һӰ֣һ˹ӰĽŲǳᣬҲһ˫۾Ҳܽа졣
ͷӰסעû˵ҲûǵӰȥ
ǵӰȻ˹վ˼ǰĿ߽ĹâҲŽ΢Ц˹֣Ц棬ãˮԨ廤Գ˴Ρ
ûԳѻ˵꣬ߵ㵨ӲСȻҶһңͲС
Գ¾£ҲòҲ治Ϊµģ°ѻ˵źã
аյĹ֮ãͻȻƾʲôΪ治ɱ㣿⵹Щ֡
ԳЦˮԳǰûʲôޣ¶Ǹģ֮ӦסŶԣҲ˫භûˡ
ü֪ǣ
·Ҫ֪ǰ¡
ݵ
ڻûҵ
쵰ϷŪ棡һץס½˻˵Ǹˣ



692 ĺݶϱ
ԳҲ𻰣ֻǺЦż֣ҧһҧڷƣԳЦ·ǰܵǸ࣬Ӧδ
һ㶣Ҫ̽ˮԳ׷ַأʱ£ȴ΢΢ЩˣֻõֻҪϵõһǴúˡ
ֻǸϵõһԳ΢΢ЩɻˣһֱΪַҲΪַϵǸӣھȻ˵ֻΪһ
Ǹ྿ӵһȻüһǿҲ̰á
һᣬԳŵǰǸϵõԱ֤ٲˮԳһǸĶԹô
ҵĿֻ꣬
һԼȳ
˵Ļ޸ģ
ãǰһһ˳ȥһ·֮ϣеʯﶼƶóһͨʯû˼ƻҲԵƽ͡
Գͷǰ棬Ųûһ˿Ųͣߵһʯľͷһʯݡ
ʯŰڣеƹ͸
ԳǸ棬סˣҲǰϵõҪĶ󣬾ȥ£²֣Ⱥš԰գ˿
ַ缱𣬲˵꣬ͼ˽ȥӵ룬һӰӰΣӦþַɡ
쵰Сӣ벻ڱɣῴ㻹ǶܣѪУһܹȥץסǵӰͷȻΣ
һ仰δ˵꣬ͻȻǵӰͳˤڵϣö࣬ģֻ࣬ǸżˮԳĻ쵰ȻϷŪ桭һ˵ţһʯ˹ȥ
̫ˣݷ죬ٵâ˷˹ͬʱʯݵıھȻҲ£˹
鼱֮䣬ȭȭƿռѸǿƻȻͬһ㣬ȭʯʱʯڣֻݻ£û˿ɣ£˹
ˮԳһƲνҲνȻ뽫ʯ֮ڡ
ԼȭȻʯڷֺ־ŭ½ַһʯ֮ϣϸ鿴һۣͻȻ䣬ʧʯʯôֹ
ʱʯڣٵ㣬ҲһǸֽ֮һǲСɣˮԳһͽ֮أ
ʱʯСޱȣЩÿһȫռ׼˼ίʵûп֮أ
֪һ˿࣬ͻȻХһӰڿ֮ʣǳһ׶Ȼһ׶ͷϵʯڡ
ֻһ죬ײݶ˳ȥ
ܰӰУʮӰ·ɱХУ콾նתˡ飬ۡ죬Һһ˱ײգһ˱䵽һʯɽ֮ϣһ˱һ׶ʯ֮С
˾㶼ˮԳһĻǿߣǰ˿һ㶼ΪˮԳ壬ͷëˮԳԴѣѪĽʱ
ˮͷԳˮԳǿ߻˿ȥգۼӵӰգ˰㣬κα棬ȻƵñʹıһӲģ
Զɽ򣬻ֻӲӲ֮òϢ
л߹֮ǰĺˮ׷Զֿһ·˿ʯ֮ȴûһ˸̽Դ
һ˵ļˮԳǿûһҳͷǺε磡εȺȴ˿⣬Ϊ֪ΪˮԳǼͬڵϹûи
ҪǸҪˮԳַǿɾˣһҪЩϹû֮ǰһҵַԴ˿вûе⣬Щߣ
ͻȻ䣬һɳ⣬Ժڰɽźֱ£һȻǻǿߵֽţʱ䡢λ㶼׼׼׼һɽԴ룡
һͣȴҲ׼˼ѷ֪ض⧲ļ֪أͻȻһ⿰ǰ£δ˼
һգһʯɽ롣
磬ץס˳ֵ˵ȵ㣡ͻһᣬֻ䱻˳ȴֻѪһϱۡ˾һԼұۣ
Ϊ뾶ΪԲģ͸ֵһԲԲףףԸ˸˸ԲԲף֣Բ˸ԲСӾϣ٣


693 в
úݵˣӰ߶δһΪ˲뼫УȻֱӶȥһۡ
쵰־ּŭֺޣ׵жϱۣһ˳ȥʯɽӦֶѣȴƲһӰ
һ·֮ϣһɽˣ֮ҲƲһӰҪ裬кãͭҧ飬˫ĿѺ࣬˻ãǶ㣬ҵҪܶ㵽ʱ
ͻȻ䣬һʯңѵúڰѰǣ뵽һٲɣ΢һȫâһв
ԶһʱȻѰַʯеˮԳǿߣҲѰˡ
ǱںڰУߣèסһʯɽ˹ȥŷʯУŲٹá
ʯУܾܾ
ˮ˺ͻȻˮƺƺ
һϢǱйȥ
ȻмἫһʯɽĵײ
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һ˵ӦֵңҺ϶ͷҪǿģȡ󣬴ʱˣʱǶȻǿһʱ̣Ƶǵóʱ䣬ҳǸ࡭
ͻһŮǸҲ֪Ǹʲôǲµģͺµһ㣬Χס֮ʣȻδζõû
һüзźôˣΪгϻûǰҪüûЩǰֹǾץǸ࣬ҲڼŭС
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ʯɽıˮԳǿɫôѰˣ
䶢ɽʮӰЦô죿ٺ٣ǻ浱ɵӣһ·ɽʯôȡǵڵˣ
Գǰ¡
Ӧľ㣡û˵꣬ѳ˹Գû뵽˱ŭ֮£˫ȭ顢顱ȭ㶼ڼϡ
˿Լ˫ȴ۶ϣҺһδڣץסţ鼱ɣƴһŷɳһŵӰȥ١
֪أӰһţ˿̾Ҳһ־ץסˣֻһŭȣԳѱѪ˺룡Ѫ仨մ˼ȫ
Գ˲ˮԳǿߵ۾ˣŭ𣬷׷ȥ
߸ǿһֿ˾ùһֽ󷨣һͬСɣ˿޼䣬ˮ©һʱ֮䣬Ȼ΢΢ס˼Ĺ
ЩôùһķٴλǱ׶ϻ֮У׶ļ绢Ⱥһ㣬㷷֮䣬ƬƬʬѪ꣡߸ǿѵ
ʣµһżͻȻݿնȥ뵽УʮƣΪˡ
֪׶һգֻǿ׶ʱһ˿ʹʲôɸ˵أתǸĶߵĻǿߣͻȻվסֳһʬǸǿߵͷˤ˹
Ѫ׷ɣͷǻǿߵ궼㺧ϣܣǾʬ׶ͷϡ
˾㱻öһ룡ȫëһǰȻҲɱ飬˿̶üɱôˡ
һۣȵ㻹Ҫ涯ֲɣ
ˮԳĻǿߵ㡭ô
ŭô֪ƽҡ
ˮԳĻǿʧⶼǺԳǡֻļƻʵ޹أǰŹ
ȻЦ˶ˣкȤζɣһ˵꣬ѵˮԳǿߵǰ׶䵽Ǹǿߵͷ֮ϡ
֪ǻǿ߾ǶҲҲ֡
һ׶㶼ͷǣǿ߾ͦվ߶δһ
ͻȻЦЦŵã㾹ȻִУбʹЩɾʱǿߵͻȻ˫ȭֱǻһľҲôһֱһȭ



694 Գ
һȭ֮Ѳ֪жٲ˷С
֪ڴʱҲһܳٺЦţȻթЦУһӣǿͻȻԼȫһУĪʧȥ׼ͷԼƣƲԼʹ
ҪƫҪҪͣƫƫֻͣꡱ죬ȻֱֱԼϣһҺȻЦվţҲδ
ǻǿߵȴѵ£ҧҧѪӿȪ㡭㡭
Цҿû㣬ԼԼαء˵ʲôͻȻŶͷŶˣУҵôҪɱˣⲻԼ˰ɣ
ǻǿ˫ŭ͹ֱ촽˵ʲôȴһҲδ˵ԶҲ˵ˣֻҲûϢ
Ц̾ϢɱңЩҲͲˣһĻᣬˮԳЩϹˣҲܹң𣡡
ʱͻȻ˽Ц㾹Ȼ֪ˣֺα̬ɱˮԳôǿߣΪ»ô׾ôδˣʱһͻȻ˻
˻֮ͻȻת̧ͷȥֻ溣ˮз͸֮⣬ȴͻȻֳʲô˵ľףɫǶˣ
˻һͻȻЦǶˣЦҲ缦һ㣬񡢴̶̴٣һ֮УЦ
ת߳Գ
ٺ٣϶ǵ˼ңЦǰת
һˣһͷߣСݸɣȴһѣģ˵Ĺأ˵
ˣһһŮǷУ֮䣬ȥȴдݣеĲߣѹѮɷüĿ֮䣬ɷˣ˲Ϊ֮ĺ
ŮĴԼʮˣ̬ȣüĿ续סӵұۣ΢ŤٿȻӹԶ
һǰ̷һ˿Цݣɱ
ĿؾˮԳˡ
ͷؿ˻ЦϷԳ棬Գ㾹ȻʶͲؽˣԱλģʲôʲôˡ
һۣŵλ֪кμ̣
ԳŵüԸ¼ȻΪһౣݻǶ̲סƣλ涼ԸΪū࣬ʲôֶͨΣȻ֮⣬ǻּ
бɫȴȻֻϧ´˴δҴҳţ޳ʲôöλҷۣ
ԳЦɱˮԳôǿߣӦ֪һҪһǿߣǶôѣ㼫֣ɱˮԳʮ커ҲΪ㣬ʮǿߵ㼫һ۰򡣡
ͻҲЦããԭǵҲԱҲ֪ûˮԳһֶ֫̽ӣҪӲȥһˣ
Զ꣬ԳʲôѵӦ
ЦҪҴӦֻСδˣ⣬ѵؿڡ
⼦Գÿٶȣգۼ䣬Ѷ˼αУӥ졢ȴģգۼѻߵռ䣬ߵռѷںϻȻżת
ƾסôƽԾһܹƶռѷ죬ʱȴʮռѷ
ȻˣǾ㣡һ׶Ӧһ׶ܿռ価飬ռƬһȻһռ籩ǼԳϮȥ
Գ֮죬Ҳڼ֮£ͻȻһԼצĻһצӳ춼צӰצĿռƬңӦȻ΢תٴη˼
⼦ԳƿۿռƬһʱ֮䣬ȵüӦӲϾ
Ҳǵ˿Ӧδʽ֧穣гοԱ߻һĿ׹ӣһһֱЦĺԳĿתصֻ¶ͽɱ
ʱ𾢵ĺԳͻȻüһ壬漴ЦСöǿɲҪɱҾɱҲе㲻ܣֻҪסˣϷȥʯеǸСӡ



695 Сʾ
ͻȻŭȵվסȥüԳļצΧ겻͸ʱǸĿɷҲ˹ʱҪȥַǲˣֻóӦս
ʱǸԳѱסٺһЦͻȻһʯɽ˹ȥŲһͼʯɽӰһƿ֮
Գɫһɫ૵۹ȻûӦྐྵȻĶʯɽ󣬺ٺ٣СҲ֪ʲôķӣȻ˱ط˶û
һ˾ͷַ٣΢΢Щ⣬ֻԼȥ´ˡ
ԭַӼΪʯ浽ˮԳ׷ߣֻҪһ±ǷЩͽ׵ˮԳַȻ塣
ӼĿУ̽ˮԳеĻǿѳ˹һʱɲ֪Լ̳ȥĺãβڼ棬ˮԳǿ߻ƴĺá
ֱʯǼʮˮԳĻǿʱ¶⣬ǾˮԳǿ߻ƴƴܾˣ浽ʱźóûȥ
Ĵ˿£սеһʱˮԳ徹Ȼһǿߣһʽַ̼ƻķ飬һԿϷǸͷ˹ʼΪֻͷ֮٣ġ
ɵϸ΢ԽԽʱַ֪ԼǸͷˣȴǲףԼһ·ڼ󣬶ûü˿ͷηֵԼ
ʱǿѽĿȥǸԳﻹǸӶһֻǴ֮ɽ価վƣ򶷳Ϊνˡ
ͷԼصطѭ˿Ϣһ·׷ƿ֮ͷһϲѼȥȴʯɽ½ַһ¡
ַͷԼһ˲䣬ڿն𣬲˲ת˵ʯ
ͷȴҲͨǴˮԳģַתֻһʱʱһͨ򷨣ַλҲסЦβ׷
ַɺͻȻԳ泤Цβ֪޷ԺԳãҲЦ϶һɽ˫һӣһʯɽͻȻεضֱֱԳ˹ȥ
ԳʯɽȻ쳣ңԼôɽУҲȻ£ˣȴЩȥһƽʯɽˣɵʯɽһ˲䣬ȻͲַӰ֪Լַĵ
ſʶĴ̽ѰһᣬͻȻһ˿âȵСӣܲ˵ģϣӦķλ˹ȥ
ʱַܵĴ֪ͻȻһȣһӰһǿҵķһȻʯ֮˽
ֻǰӰһַһֻԳͼתȥֻǰһȣԼ
ַпϻ쵰ôô׷ˣߣ顱һַˣ¸ʯĽ
ԭһţҺ׵һɽϣһ˶ɽֱֱһ׵Ĵ󶴣ֻˮӿȥһȵ֪֮ͣ
ַܹԳһȣδü²֪ԳٶȿľˣһȲУһϣһƿսһȣַɨȥ
ƽգԳȻңַĹҲȫȻûл֮˿ֻǻ˾֣һԾԾֻ࣬һӽŵɨ
˵زܾһУ콣֣·һȻһ˾ֱֱ˺棬Ŀɨȵ϶ˣ
ԳУ㶼ǰԳɱУֻԷ̧֮£㲻ҲҪˣʱַֻӣ֪һԷȴӰˡ
ַֻںϷ̧Ŀȥַ־಻һëͷСӣ档ԾȻºȻľȴԴȵСӣñܣȻ׷ȥһȾ˽㡣
ַĻͣܵĸ죬˵˫ָһųһư˿ư˿ͻȻֱֱַָķ򣬺ԳɭɭһЦΪһ׺ƿ׷ȥ
ʱڱ纣Ͽտݵַư˿ָ䷽֮ʱȴͻȻһ亹ڸղţСѣǶʲôһ㣬



696 
ͻ䣬ַһйֱӴӿеҿӦ죬æɢȥϵĻʶ壬С
һַ֪Ϊʲô˲ܷԼΨкԳܷԼˣרӤر֪һַɫ䣬Ȼ֪ԼҪӺԳǷǳѵˡ
ˣҲܷʱҲĻһ򣬿нŲǣڻӿٿݿ
ȡˮԳĽӣǳ׽ˮԳǼϹëˣԷ׷ϣԼӻǣж˿顢ҲǾٲˡ
ַյǣѺͺԳԶľˣԷȻа취ȷķλһʱʱСһ£̫ˣһ˿⣡
ҲӦǻƴڼѰЩǿߵĻʱԼӦðճ󣬲֮٣
ڶ棬ַֻܻΪһŰ׹⣬һ·ݡ
ʱ䣬ʱһٷĹַڵСضһΡ
Ȼÿζʱѹһ֣ҪƫӶݵķԷԷȷλö׷ϡ
ַ·ݹٶ΢ںԳ棬ǺԳƾӦһͽ׷
㣬ַͺԳһǰһ׷ȥһڣټĺ׽׷ӵϷ
;Уַһ浣ˮԳǿҲһ֮Ϊ˲ԳԶ׷ȥȻ뽫ڵӤΪʲôúԳˡ
鿴˰죬ҲûƳʲôǺԳԶطȻСƽһ޶֮£ַʱ˴˼ʼȫĵӶ
ֻϣԳԶˣ쳣ٶԼӤ
ַееƵǣԳ沢ûƵʹط̽λá
˵ĻټӸǿַĶж죬ܶ½סˡ
ַе˼ˣ
ַȻ֪ԶǧĺԳͬаޱȣǲأҳַλãַͬС졣
Գһ츳طռϢֻҪκԲʮ֮ڣطǸط֮ʱϢռȻ֮ɻԴ׷١
Ǵ֮һҵַǾΪʯϢɼһ飬һҵַȻͲˡ
˵ɽɢϢϢɢģÿԳû׷֮ʣͻ׷֮˵ַҲΪʲôԳں׷ַʱַСᱩԭ
ɻһɣȴҲƷһΣҪһ㣬ʱ˿̺Գȡַ֮ϢƵĻôʹãֻʣʹõˡ
ƵԽԽϧʱ˿ַ̣ǧ֮⣬ɼַϢƻҲ˼ܵ¡
ʼһֱţƾλ֮˿ܹ׷ץַ뵽ԼһǿߵĶȻȲһǿߣۼַԽԽԶԳҲֻܱһӵԹ֮ƴĸȥ
ʱ˿̣뼫ֵǿѸ˹ǺԳΪ˲ַû֮ǰٲᣬҲֻòʹûⶨַλá
ΪҲַһоƵģһַӳ֮⣬ǾҵˣԾһã˿̺ԳеĻֻʹһˡ
˿ۣΨһһʹûᣬҲ֪ǺˣַǽЩã̫Զˣȷַλãһʱ֮ǿɾˡ
ǿջ֮࣬ȻҲַ֮죬в죬һССǿߣȻܰѻǿ׷٣ʵеš
ʱһȥַСıļԽԽ
ӸտʼʱһΣոӦһأʱַѹһΡ
ڼյһηСڰԳѲٶǽˡ
֪һַȻдϲǺԳ̫Զطʧ飬ǶԷʲô鷳ⶼʱ
ԥķ°ѪҺ׼һ󣬲ٹ˼ɣϣƿնȥԶԶ˸ĺ
ַԶһСϣԳ桢ԳǸӶɫมڰ֮УôʱȺ׷õһεĻξȻʧȥЧ



697 һ
ڸǣַԶ֮ˣ֮£ֻڴ˵ͣ׼Щʱ䣬ɢ֣򳹵Ѳַ
ΣַߵĽӣˮԳһҪûģҲˣԿȻǲܶġ
ˮԳĳϣŷ߷߲ʵڿնȥ
ַѺԳ׷ٰºַҲһİĻĵ֮ϡ
˿ȷûˮԳ׷ߴڵӣһͷ˴˵֮ϣɿ쿪ٳһ֮ʯ
ڲ¼ٵķʹҴ붴£ȻЩΪ˰ѺԳ棬ϷʹöѽڵĻĵ߰˰ˡ
ĸǰνеĸоƣͣҪҪָʵֵþ
ʮڣˮԳٽַڣַԼ˫ָħ˲ȡȹʵڤ˼գȵ񳹵׸ԭַŽĽһա
ʯɵСϿգվڸ߿մһ˷ڵĻ૵һطܾôɸϽ뿪ˣ֪ЩϹЩʲôһطˣѰ
ַȻʱ˦ˮԳ׷ɱԶԷֱ̬Ϊûжþͻѱ鸽ĺٴ׷ɱɲԹԴԭأ
ҺãЩϹ޷Уġ
֪ͬǣ˿Զڴĳǧɵһˮ׶ڣˮԳǿߣϢòһһ˸Сһ׷ַ
ϾˮԳȻǱ纣Ĵ֮һĺҲ޵ĺܣַˮԳطΧˮԳǿƣҲ˵ƿصĺڣ޼ɵ׷ַˡ
ЩЭˮԳԺ񱨣һַǳõѡҲһַǳǵľ
һַֻ֪֪ԼԽԶ뿪ˮԳƿصĺ򣬾ԽȫҪȻˮԳ彫ЩТȫпҵ
ǰֿգַһŲƵС챾ͻȻӦǿҵʲôսһ㣬΢΢һӶȥ
ӽƵСʱַЩĿɿڴΪϤ
үһ֣ɳʯүͷˮү֣ĻСϣƬƬɫУһɵŴںޣЩ޵顣
һ˼ʲô˲á¡һȺΧը
һȺΧţһǳ嵽嵽֮һ㣬βɨһȺ޳ĹǺҵˬ֮ʣһͷͷĺ޾Ȼˣ
һ䡰ү֣Ļ
ַʱɵۣһôˣھȻŰһﺣޣȷʵ΢΢ее㲻˼顣
ʱȺΧһĺ޺Ҳ֪ǲһĶ֣ɱһѺһЩСĺûκԥתӣ֮ʱ˭ٶȶǻﵽ޵ġ
үģӣһ³һƬֱֱЩĺ˹ȥҽУЩȫΪ˻̣ʱһƲţүһĺܣڳ˽ǡ
԰գͻȻȫϹš¡¡֮꣡ʱϴַС
һǵһ죬ڣЩ޼ֱ񿪹һ㣬񱩵Ĵұġ
ɾʱһ䣬һɫâַƨϯ˹ַһɵɱͷȻҲɱ˶
ַɫâȻһһǿߵһ֣ƻҲǿֲ֮ģֻâռ䲻ƣѷһһرѶ
һﻹǹģַűӿһһķ˹ȥ֮ǵַǰĺޣ˭һǣǻԵģ̻ɷɻҡ
ʱһɱ𾢣ͻȻ䣬˶˸ˣʱһ̫ѸˣǸͬǿߣɲǼ䣬ؾɫֱȻͬ˾Ȼַ
һҲȻַЩɣҡҡͷþģһǻþ˶伫ǹˣһܻţүС̫࣬˻þġ
һַһǹģЦĿڵ
ү񿿣þƵģԺûүͬ⣬˭ҲܵүĻþ



698 Ѫ
ַȥݺݵشһ٣Ȼƽ壬һյĿŰЩޣַ־ϲһʵ̫ˡ
ȻΪԼأҲˣȻûйһﻹƦʮ㡣
ءɣξôʵǸЦʲôôЦүȫ񣿡һ޴֮һڣɨһƬΧĺ޺󣬵Ŀַ
ѲźãַٸֱӲһϵҸ㣬汻Сү
һ˶ڿȻһ𣬲˼ľַСӣˣˣ㾹ȻûȻԹɢѽ
ԹͷߣС˻ˣַһֱɢʶͻȻڶϷӦһɫĶݹ⣬߿˹ǳСġ
ءѵģȻΣүҪΪˣһ˵⻰ʱûԹޣ෴Щϲ
ַ˵С˸˻һҲû¶µ飬෴趯ӴȻ໴еսžʣǼһãүھͺϳ񡭡
һ仰ʱͻȻڻصһ㣬ۿն¶ˡ
ַһƦֻ²Ȼʵǳ׿춥壬һȶ
ϸһ£Ҳϡ棬ϴμ֮ʱһſ˻춥徳磬£⻹ʵ
һĺХһѰ쵶һ㣬ֱСʯ飬عѣɽҡСͻȻһͣȻһ飬ײƣ˴󺣡
ٺ١ٺ١һĻƦɵЦһᣬоΣա
ͬʱַСģ
һӰƸӰһ㣬ɲǼͳ嵽˽ǰһž֮־ȻֱӻûŹƦ˫ǰסˣһϹһ
ߣү˵һգϳѣһһԺǾ͸ǷˣһڶԶûнӽŰһȻһ̧ףַϴߣ
һַҲǹˣַôʱϷ֪һһǳ⵺˲ڼңϳġ
һͷͷߣȻ¸ַ鷳ʱַ鷳֮ʣﻹĲܾһһĻվıϡ
һ׵񱼶һۣЦһһֱƿնȥ
ʱŰڸϵСϿգɿһķֱģҲֻʣ¼ССĲ֮أŰһӿͻȻۡһӰ³һĭӣеĺŭĴеĲ
һŭ꣬Ѫ׷ȥ
һһâڱ纣Ͽ׷Ҹš
Ҳ֪˶Զָһѳ뺣ٻͷʱŰԽ׷ԽԶˣֻһ׵㣬ҪҪ˶ãͿԳװˡ
һţַһ߼ŷλϾãã纣УһʧԶҲ·ˡ
Ҫƽʱضߣʱ˿ȴǸǳеʱΣȻַаɱ˺еĺߣս֮ʣй¶ݣˮԳ׷ߣǿɾСʧˣ
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ϴǸСѾͷ˵㱾üץˣ䵽ǹУôӳģĪɣͻȻֱӰϹꡯˡһƬɽһĻַ
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һͻȻص˵СһˣѾѪĵˣƬ󲿷ֵطµĽƣǾܿһ˽ƣѶԷǵ˶ϣǿɾͲˡ
һĻַһüôĺв½ƣҲ̫ڸпѪԵ֮ʣǰĺͻȻӿ
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ղŵʶٴһֻɫӴˮԳʮֻɫˮԳĺˣֻˮԳʮֻˮԳҪ屶ϢҲֲĶࡣ
һâֻɫˮԳȻ˵ȴǲ˹άͷһС΢󱳺ѹһ鶫Ƶġ
ҲޱȣƤڴ죬Ǵֲڣ޴ıӱǿ׳죬ֻɫɵԲ
ͬǺޱˣôôˡˮԳһԼҲе㼵ʵӢݣַпϰ졣
ϴô죿һʵҲַ֪ˮԳͨѪĺڣôҲˮԳӵܱⲻһ벻壬ַҲŪôס
ҿǵӣûϳַַе㲻˼飬ʵҲܹЩˮԳȻյҪѲַʾַֻһࡣ
벻żղַһˣַһǰ͸ǿűˮ飬Ϣ˿¶ЩˮԳûϳҲпԭ
ַתתǽ֣ǿ⼸ͷˮԳڳȴ޷룬Ӳƴ⣬治֪ô졣
ʮͷƾˮԳټһֻ쾳ɫˮԳһһƴȫܹЩˮԳˣҪսپˣһ¾ͻˣʱ鷳ˡ
ַзݣһȺЩˮԳ̸̸ܲƲ֣ҪʵڲУߣ׼ɱȫˡ
ַȻ鷳鷳ĻĿɲ
ʮͷˮԳʶźһû˿иʱ׼
ǵĹأӦ֪ɣٺ١ˮԳ۾ȵضַһ۾˸̰
ǺǣƬĺޣүһ棬ΣǺܿͻ뿪Ƭ򣬱֤ᶺһҲһ׹УΣˮԳһ֣ƣж֮͸©һƽ͵Ϣ
ַһһģһôڱ纣Ҳˣһ뵽һԼ˵Ϊħ޸߳һȣѵЩ棬档
Ȥѧ޵Ĳбȴѧ˵ڡַֹⱩ纣Ȼء
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̵ģʲôһͷˮԳѣַͷˮԳװǻƣȴЦ⣬ԼоŤ
ͣһˮԳͻȻ͵͵ַһУʲôĵر߼Ԫ飬ͨһ
ԭ¸֮ȻﶼеͨģˮԳղһƣֻǲԼǰ¶Լıԡ
ˮԳһȻ޶ڣһԼһǻ쾳磬ҲһǣˮԳҲһ㣬ַﰵЦ
˵˵ԳһϢɣҪǵ޿ɾͲðˡַˮԳ˵Ϳʼּۻ
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Сӵ֪أóɣɲҪʲô͵ȵĶŪԳүүȻеǿͷɫˮԳ˵һһַۣв
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ַóһŻ켶ħˣɫˮԳһ˫ͨţ۹âţ޴Ѫ̰
ԭǿŻ켶ħˡɫˮԳ૵ĵҪǼƣˮԳ˽ȥֱȥ
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һѽħץУɫˮԳĸֲ͵ȴַһȥˣײһĺɨβ֮ϡ
飡ڵĸֲһβ֮ϣ䣬һУɫˮԳʮɣȻһӡ
ΧַһˮԳתۼ侹ȻγһƣԪ·޵һַһȫΧ
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СӣɲҪңƥ㽫ϵıȫһһʱ˾ͷǣҪȻȻҵԮһٺ٣Ǿ͵ŻɢɡˮԳַѾ÷˺ϻ޿֣ǿħˣЦ
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ԼҲǻ쾳ĺޣһǹǿˮаˮԳЩˮԳûסַǣԼסһᡣ
һǿ״̬սپַȻһȣǲͬʱ콣ͽȻģֱһϡ
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ˣʱЩɫˮԳһַһɫˮԳϲ񣬵ǽɫ΢䣬еϴ󣬿Ǵ
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һⱩ纣Ϥ˵ȥǣܶ㿪ˮԳ׷ַܺһۣͻȻü
һԣһŵѰ޳ǻȥɣÿ޳е˺ܣȻǱһ޳УˮԳЩëҳǣͲˣ
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ãȥǡһ꣬һʱַ˶ȥ
麣Ҳһڱ纣еλǡ
麣޳ǣҲ纣к޳УصһǣΪ޳УǺ޾Ӷ࣬麣ȴΪһɫұ纣գ˭ҳͬĳ
صĳǣΪѾã໹Ǻ޶ѳϰߣԾ⴦ʷҶֲ֣Ҳû˭죬˭оȻԭˡ
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İӣӳؿɸˣĭĽŭ߳ţֲǲ֪⼸˵У㣬˭ʶˮԳһ֡
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ǶӳٲһҲֻץˣôץˣ޶Щôɣ
ǱºЦӵôУһǴĺô˵ˣǸѾǱǰ麣޳ǣ˭Ǹ࣬ܳܵȻãʵУֻҪǸٸ֮ˮԳ塣˭ֻҪϢʵˮԳһͻдʹͣˮԳΪĴ֮һʹ͵Ķǻ˵ã±һӵõĺôҪ࣬Ҳ˵һ˵ѽ
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Ƕӳһ࣬ҿ麣޳ǱΪһûһҲаǧôױϵġ



702 ӳ޳
Ǳµʾϻ˵˿ɵ࣬ûоԵƷʱ;ҪݾߣǸˣҪܴˡ
ǶӳһѪΧˮԳ飬ƣҲơ
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ǶӳעĿʵΪ˺ã
ǱګګصӳʾĩβдúףˮԳһûץ࣬ʾ͵һֱ˭˺ˣġ
ǶӳЦһӿɲôƫа˵ţ󲽶ǰŸʾ˺ȥ
ΣɼǱ¸ȵʹã
ǶӳЦ˵ʹã˺һŸʾѱ˺ѵأɲ֮䣬ΪƬƬ
Ǳ¶ɫ֮ʱǶӳȴ˻ЦѾ˺ˣɲᷢôᡭ˵Ҳ֣еġֻ֣˵һ룬ȴһģȥ
Σʹ£һɫ䣬ЩΧԶԶأֵ뺣ޣҲΪ֮
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⣬Թ۵Ƕԣһһʱ֮䣬ôס
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ַ²˳٣ھͶɣû뵽⺣޳Ҳǲˣ
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ףȴͬԷ⣬ַһòһ֣ǡ
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ʱڹſڵͷɫëˮԳɫˮԳ˵ɫˮԳȴǲֱӽ빬֮ڡ
дﵽ˻쾳ˮԳʮϢ֮ڶϿ쵽Уٵܡ𵴡̡֮
ɫˮԳֱ쳹Ϣ֮Ȼ˽ˡ
˽ټ£֪ʲô£ԳͻȻУ΢΢ˮԳĵλǲҪ˵ģȴһȥģҲõһˮԳʵʱǻӵġ
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703 Ե
ʲôԳǲġ˵һŻµͻȻҲֻ˵һ룬æ죬Ҳ˵ˡ
֪ӣһŮزۣУⱾĽɣһɾĶϺˡ
ַҲ֪ѪնɱһͷɫˮԳȻݣҪ֪¾Ͳɱǽסеˡ
ɫˮԳƳ˻Գһۣɱ֣Գ۹ⶢһʱ֪ԼʴˣһԳСӾȻˣдСһҲ˽ӣ鿴Щˣֲôŭǵ峤ͷˡ
Գ֪æվɫˮԳ˵£ȻǴ£˵Ǹ쵰ɱԳһԳҪʬΣɢ
ߣãܺã¡ɫˮԳߵ
Գɵ˻ӪУһɣȴǰһѵԳһһԸˣģСҲ̫ûˣȥѪΧȻ˸ˡ
ˮԳ壬ƬҲһˮдˣˮԳ·Բ˰ﻹû˸۸ˮԳһ壬Ǹ࣬ȴεƣⲻܵġɫˮԳƶĿֲ
Щһ˵ʲôˮԳ壬ɫˮԳ˵һʮ֮˺Գ棬Գɷ⣬˭Ҳҿ⡣
ɫˮԳ˪Ŀ¶׹⣬ɭˮԳһϢˮԳˮ壬ǸྐྵȻѽѪƿصĺҲȻԶΪѪƬ˲ƣǲɼи·һѪȡϵǿǸڵʮﺣƬֻٸ죬ǸңһһңǷҲһҪǸҵ
ǣеĽ˵Ӧһ뿪˹
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ģ׷ˣһսɺַһ˿ɫ콣ɲǳУǹͷӱϡ
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⣬һͻϮһûнǹͷɱַɫһһȵ
ԴɱɫˮԳǰΣѾǵЩ׷ˣǰĴ׷ַһЩѾȫɱˣ治ףЩΪʲôô׷ٵǵм
ЩԲˮԳһ죬治ףѪôҲ͵֮С
õģҵģ໣һһȻӶβЩɨȥǧ׷Χڵĺˮٷγһ˶УǱĺޣ˲Ϣʵ÷ǡ
ͷһַһĳ֣ʱ󾪣˭оĺܣûиܵκϢֱַӴϮɱ˹ٶȿˡ
ͷ֣һ˿ЦǾһֱѰҵĿ꣡
ǡ࣬ɱԳһࣿͷӺȻ˵
ַüëһƣԷȻһϳǸˣҲܱˣΪʲôô϶Լһࣿ



704 
㾹Ȼϳ࣬ңôϳģַͷʵ
ͷаһԷûֶԸԼҲһ˿ᣬֻҪסһᣬȺ˸˾ˡ
뵽ЦȷǷǳ򵥵飬ϸûк޵ϢϢǺ޸ͬ˵ͷɫ䡣
һβΪһ⣬·һٳͷӳ˹
һĻͷ˶һʱַֹ֪ͣ˵ֻԻԼɱͷ
һ޷뵽ļƻ
𣡡ɲǻΪһ޴ĺ󾨣ͬʱһȷŭſ־Ĵ𣬺ڷԲʮ֮ڶ˴ע
䣡
Ҫͷη壬ͷ󾨳ˮƽӣеĸֲβཻһȻԼƼ뿪
쾨ڽһȫһȫٺˣַһ˿пЦӶһԭֻһӰٶʵڿˣˮȻӦ·ʱ侲ֹһˮˡ
ʲôŽ˲һǰĽӰ쾨۾ɵùԲ
ȻʹٳˮƽӣȴҲַһˡ
䣡·ըһѪըѵĴɳѪȾ׷Χ
ʵַҲԾ˷ղһǾһβȻûɱͷ쾨ҺԼк֡
˿ܽĺˮַüͷ΢壬˼Ƭ̣˵ܿͻк޸ţһߣЩͼԪͲҪȡˡ
ˣˡһЦٵĳַԱߣҡβַһԾϡ
ˮаһֱַϷ߮ٶȿ㣬ܿγףٶȻ˲Զ˸ղŵƬ
һ·ϣһ׵Ӵɽ½ϵĳɽ룬ɽΡȻ˷죬ÿһߴףվͣΡ׳ۣΰɽй֮޲
ַϥһıϣһƬžʶʶڴڴ½ϵĲ֮ͬ
һ죬εȥַŵ۾ͻȻں׼ٴһ˵
һַĻʲôҲûʣ߮ٶȿ磬ѸףֱӸ˺ϡ
Ȼ
ѾˣеĺҲ·еʲôֲ飬еĸһɨգոջǰ죬Ȼ䣬ձǳһ޴ĺڸա
һĿȻϿգϴ󣬿ôƣ
ôƣַһ˵ĿЦãԼٰģҪǶȲȥⶫǻʱ̻ɢġ
ֻǾƶȻһ޴Уһ治ϵĴţգл㼯Ƭб㻯һɫ硣
٣ǵֺһҲ˹һѵΧʲôĺҪɽ٣
һһֹһЩ޹Ҷɽ١ַűӣͷһЦ
ʲô㣬٣ôãѵûжȹ٣㲻˵һ֮ڶô뿪ʥŴ½Ѳֹһ˰ɣһеˣַȻһûжȹٵαǿߡ
Ҫ֪ȹٵĻǿûȹٵαȫͬ磬ϴĻǿٿԵûȹٵαǿߣȻַ֮ǰսôһǿնɱģ
ַǴƾαΪսʤշԼֻһɺϣټһù˰ˣû뵽ַαΪһĻǿ࿹⡣
ǵѾַͷһٶĲ˼飬ҲòһʵˣΪַӦַֿ߳ڶɹ٣ȴû룬ڲ
һ޴壬ڰ׶ĴԼԼĻðʱ׼һЩʶôͼַȽٵĺޡ
ַһѾΪԼѵһڿѾЩǱΧˣҪʱעΧĶѾ׼ӭˡ
ʱѾӵַҴ⣬ʼˮһ͸ȫλƤΡ
˴󶯾һЩ޿϶֪ˮԳɱǿɾΣˡ
٣ַǵһξ˵лᷢЩʲô仯⣬ܵ˵ĴţָҪʧܣʱ򣬿Ҫ޶ˡ
ͬʱҲЩԹ٣ģ粻ƫƫҪʱˣⲻӵʹźô


705 Ϯɱ
٣ɣһɹȹģַڴţͻȻ쾳٣һ߶ʮһν£ÿߵס
䣡
һ޴죬ַͷľ׵磬·һַ

ַ˲ԼһһâַϲתγһɫĹַ֣ΰ
ԼΪߣķǿҲǿ˲٣ڽӦõסǰײ⡣
䣡
ɫ׵ַĹ֮ϣ֮еĹ⻪תҲһȴӲǵֵס˵һףַһĻһɡ
ɫƲϷţһɹǿѹַҲľڶȻҪǿĶ࣬ԷܵסַҲûˡ
䣡
һɫ׼ٴӸ߿£׺͵һȣӴִɫĹâӴۣɲǱѾ
ꡭ
׺Ȼݺݺըڷ֮ϣ÷γɵĹ֣Ȼ˲Ѻַۣʱ
䣡
һľ޴죬һɫִ缱ٴӽдһǰƣֱһͷ·ַ
ԡ
һߵ׺γɵĹȫɢˣԼˡ
Ʒӿ£¡¡粻ϣ߼Ƭ̣Ӵ
⣬⡭Աַ߰ػ״һ𾪿ַһε٣૵ãεƺԼϴζɽٵƴϲ٣ѵͬ˻ߺޣҲǲͬ
һʶȫɢǧ׷ΧڣȻٳ˱仯˿һǸкƻַεĶɽ١
˿̣پʼһ䣬Ǿ޴ĽƾȻڰתϳһʱҲûף⣬׻ʲô̬٣
ʱַҲˣжʱҲЩˣɴû˵˶ȽٳֵڶνôõģھȻε٣ֻЩ鷳ˡ
ţնȻһŤԭɫУȻŤɲȴǷתһ׳ޱȵɫ׵磬ڵƣݺݵĺٶ֮죬ʵڽ˾̾

һͺַ𣬼뷨꣬ͬʱ䷨˫ںϺĻ֣׼ȷ˵⻤Ѿʵʻˣǡ쳾¼еĻ֮
䣡
ַһգȭγһⱣ֣ݺݵһ׵Ȼַȭͷ֮ϣֻǱϣ⼫˸Ȼ׵˳űֱж׵ȴǱַȻӲס
һַ˳ȹ˳٣н٣պ˲٣΢һи
ַȴϲɫһڿʼҪˣҲΣյʱ̵ˣСĽʾһȫע۲ܵ춯
˺ܾãε׻ûнһԶһƳԶƮһСƣ¹¼Ŀô֣ɫûκα仯ѵ
鲻Խش˸еַǱߣǺޡ
һĻַɫȻһ䡣
Ϊʶ˲ԶĺһͷͷˮԳʼ⼫ٷһۿȥͷʮͷˮԳٵıԵΧͣһֱӳַԼһϮ
ַһԴӽѪΧѾɱ˲ٵˮԳˮԳıҲթĺܣ˴˿̲ŷѡ
໡
޴ĺһͷͷˮԳϴӺ׳ԴԴһַ㷢ѾгʮͷˮԳԼˣһǻ쾳ˮԳ
үģˮԳһеĸֶɱɡһ۾ԶϮˮԳкǽͻȻɫٴһ䣬ֱӱֿڵ̸ܣѪҲͽˣ
ԼˮԳܻγˣԼƾűһƶԸһͷ쾳ˮԳԣʮͷ쾳ˮԳΧһҲɫ䡣
ע⵽ڵĴַ֪Լտھˣʱеһ죬ͷˣߡ
һһڶսƣһ˵ͬյأͬ빲һһߡ
ַͷһȣǰֻһﵨСû뵽Ȼ˹ģεգ빲Ȼ빲ˣأӵԼüأϡͿˣֵëۡ



706 
ʱϽѾֹͣķǵˣѾ˶ߣַվڰ֮ѹҡҡ׹ƲסΣĤҲ졣
֪׾Ҫˣæȵٲ߾ˣ졭һԥ쵰ؼʱôģˣ㣬
һϴô㲻ܣһӦַĿɨһԼһַУʱεأתͿո£˲ʧ֮С
ߣܣӰʮ׷ͷˣǾͲûͻȻһ֮ɫˮԳ˳һ˿ɫ
ǣϣߵʮĻӱ˴˵ͷͬʱӸ߿֮Ծ£ֱӳһ֮ɱȥ
˿̽ٴηһ죬Ǿۼ׵Խǿ׵֮ĵʱҲԽַ֪Ѿǽ׵ˡ
λЦڶȽַԭ㻹ûжɹ٣̫ˣѾаûгζˣ
λѪһ˵ˮԳһ˱նɱˣ棬ˮԳһȻѪҲһƬľ԰
ʮֺ澿Ǹʲôļһô󵨣նɱˮԳˣ˵֮ԼԴˮԳ嶨ºԼ׷ɱ˹
Ѿɹȹ˶ףǲǳûھȥˣһ׳΢΢Ѫ
Ѫڼʲô쾳һףһαһνµȣһβθ˶ѡҿΣε٣֮һٴ˲٣ҪȹεףҲѣοʹɹס˵νµסڽϴһ˲䣬϶Ҳ֮ʱٻûϴһɲǣʱ֣ɱ׾١
Ӣǲǿ׼һˣһѪĻ󣬵
Ѫ΢΢ͷˣεѾˣȽ£һ׽Ϻ໹ţǱ繥һ
ǣһѪ֣ɫһӦ
βǺЩˮԳǿҲԴ
ˮԳѪʮ켶ĸΧסַ޾ɫƽ֮ͷƹ
ΨһĻᣡַкһ
ΨһĻַʣµףǧ֮ˮԳһǷȻԼ٣ֻҪԼ˲ƭҲɽ֮ʱͻ޲
ַõģϾƭܣֻڶɽٲõĵԺΣյĻϡ
֮ǰַ͸Ӧһٵʵ˵ɽЩΣգȴڻҪֻǺ󱸣ȴû뵽Ҫʹ
ɲ˷֮УѪˮԳ׷ɱǰٲ룬Ҳûа취ˡ
뵽ԥȡٶһҪ죬׽µһ˲䣬͵ЩˮԳѪǿ·ʱʧȥɽٶӦЩһҲͬṥɣ
ԼֻһλᣬǷԼľٶһ˵Լǰ棬ĻԼ͸ܿĿˡ
ҲΪθղַٻû֮ǰһֱûжԭ򡭡ΨһĻᣡ
䣡
ַ΢΢̧ͷһͷڣһѾӽдһ룬ͻȻ¶һ˿Ц⣬һһٵߡǡǧһҵٰɣ
һ̣ЦȻˮԳһȥʱϵ׽ҲַˮԳѪܲһ
䣡䣡䣡䣡䣡
춯صıը֣ѪǱĳ˳ȥȴȻ׵羢
ʮˮԳѪĸֵ˳ȥߵЩܱεĺޣȻһ˲׺ըȫԱ
Ȼ췣Ǻֲܿ췣֮Ǻ֮
ңַĶˮԳѪڵЩһֱвַĴڣ췣ᣬô׷ŹЩһ
Щһĺ֮ǿֲ֮׳ԼϮ׼׷׽ԼԱЩΪЩĺ޵Լǰ棬ЩԼ˵ɵƵĺޣ֪ûлȥĿܣ׷ԱԼˣҲ˺ù



707 
䣡䣡䣡䣡䣡䣡
֮ǰ߹֮ɱըѪɵһʹˮԳѪЩǿɫ˲䡣
ףҴԼЩıըǼ˵Ŀֲ
Ѫʱ㱻ӴľУͬߵķݰ㣬ݺݵĵ˳ȥ
ϿգѪɫŤڵѪ̧ͷɨһΧֻĴֱۡɭ׵Ĺͷͷȡ
ɢ£ϿղҲ̶á
ٵĸͬıըľУټ峤Ϻ͸־ӢʱĨɱƬ״֮£ַˮԳѪǿ߶ܵ˲Ԫˡ
ЩΪϵ͵ĺޣֱӲ֮УѪˮ˳źˮ͸˴󺣣һƬ棬ҲʬƮһƬѪȣŵĳʪ֮ռ䡣
Լץַֻ࣬һ飬ȴû뵽һ
ѪɫŤݺݵĶַкⱩ࣬û뵽ٶô죬ȻԸǣ㾹ȻʹֶΣҾҪ
ߣҪС㣬㻹ǰ첻ǣٺ٣ܻܲ뿪һ⡣ȻԼղżƻɹˣһյ˲˼ĻرַҲ޿ˣ
쵰ͷ˲гϣҲϣѪʱŭȵ
ٺ٣ԶپǶµȥɣ磬ֱַٳ콣ɱѪɾʱһλѪͻȻǰ
ߣԼַһֻ÷λϡ
ܵǵλɫ䣬ˣֻһĲҽһѪɽⳤȴǺȻһأֱˡ
ѪԱߵļλǿ߶һ㶣׷ŭһַ˹
ߣԶ۹ôַͻȻٵתһ׼һ˹ȥУ
ҶȽʱɱңҲȥɣַĴʱĴֱһ϶
һ϶ʱ󾪣еҡֻü˵ô֣㱻ͻأһ֮ϣֱӴ͸࣬۾һֱֱȥ
СٶȣΨһЩǿ߼к
ҲСĵ㣡ѪҲǼк쵰Ҫ޳ܵٶȣҹһѪѾŭˣһַȻɱѪǿߡ
ǿ߰ɣСƶٶȼֱľˣѾ쿴Ӱˣ֮ʱһϢɢζʮֲʣµЩǿߣǵðȥæе
쵰ס죬ڻȥһʲôҸסѪЩǿߵĻ󣬵ŭͬʱʶڿƶַһȵ࣬ɣ
ԼɱѪַ۾΢΢𣬵Ȼ΢΢̣а̾һ磬ֱӡһٱȥ
ѪЩˮԳǿַĲսŪþǲ첻ѣתۼ˹϶Ѿǿ֮ĩˣҪȻնɱԼĻᣬ׷ȥ
ǼɲǼ䣬չַ˻һ⼫ٳǰϷȥѪһգַۣȫʧˡ
ۼַѾʧѪŭһ׹һһͷӴͨ캣޴ĺɫ۰͵淢ȫһˮˡ
йϺѪ۾͵ĹâվãҲ֪ʲôúŵͳغΪʲô׹ѵҲƭԣƭֻܰ쵽ǾԲӵеġ
벻ͨԭͻȻߵ࣬ӵҶҪɱ㣬ѩ֮ܡɫ֮ɫһһֱ뿪ԭĳˮԳЩǿҲæ׷
ʱæڱַ

ҵʹȫַ˻һⲻϳϷٷȥʩչǧֱȼԼһ㡣
ǧоܵҪģҪԼɱ쵰Ͳôʹˡַҧֱ죬ȫǺɫ·Ҫ͸һ˫֮УѪɫĹâһһģȻѾ͵˼¡
˾ʹ۵ιȥˣκԼΪȹ٣壬궼֮ϴ
Լȫ¶һصţÿԼܲʱЩԼĲͻһˬҺ壬ʹԼõ⡣
Ϊ£ַٳϷȥ



708 ͷ
˰ɡַ鴤ʹԼϱŷ˵ʹ治ܳܵġУܲˣǧ·ˡ
ֱַԼе콣һʯк󣬱˫ۣģ˳ȻԶţγһ֣ȫʵʵһĽ˿ڤ״̬ٵϴͿˡ
ںʯС
أַȫڿڤ֮УȴʱţȴһС
ʱƣַٵϴ֮£Ҳʼ˱仯ȻȻĲһ˿ĸоƺΪһ壬ԼѾΪصһ֣Լܵصɣ顢Ʈݣء
㱼䣬ַ·ؽԼ࣬Լһ·ѣȻĬӦصл˿˿Уڲ֪УȻһȫµľ硣
ͻȻ䣬ַ۾оԼƺĳЩ仯ķ̶ҲߵһȫµĲΣʱϲЦǺǣԭ쾳󣬾ĿʼαĹ̾ǽԿס
ľͨжʱģһʱһԼڶڴ˰֮ãɵƶ
Լǰӯӯĺˮַ泩֮ʶһɨüͷ΢壬Ӧ֮Ѫʮ֮ŨԥƬ̣ʩչ۶ȥ
ںмٴʮʶҲ쵽Զַ׷ʲô£
ֻԼʶֵˮ򣬵ǲĴǺ㣬Ʈǣ⣬Ҳ̶ã⾰ǾһĴɱ
ַѵһѪˮԳģҲԼͽŭȫйΧЩϣģҪѪˮԳҲ̫Ѫб˰ɣַһţؼӿٶȣϱȥ
ļ죬ȻǺǰԼ龰࣬㣬޵֫洦ɼַһ·ϸǿзëԼһ·ȻһҲûƬˮѾһƬ
ãã龰ַҲһ˿ȻԼ⼸ں״У˵ҲǧˣǰȴһƬ龰Լ֮ǰĲ²Ǵˡ
𺣵ľѪֻҪеǼһҲȥѪˮԳ徹Ȼ纣꣬оٲ۲ΰߣǾԲΪҲԼɥ֮١
ƬһǷʲô˲ô£ʲô£Ȼַ֪Լȴ֪ƬˮѾǼ֮أԼʱɱ֮
ԼڵӦôˣǰԭ·أ
ǲˣˮԳһͲ޵ڵԼģԭ·ȥңԼһֱѰڤ֮£ҲǰڿֻкһģǰжգԼΨһߵͷˡ
Ѷ֮⽥ȥַĿ̫ԣԼں¸·ЩЩСļǰȥ
һ·ϼ϶زˮʮһɽ֮ϣַһںɽ뿪Ϣȫϵϲ١
ɽռز㣬Բֻǧȴʯȫɽ汻һƬ޴ʯǡ
ַεɽףվɽԵһСɽͷһϢ䷨˫ͬʱתܿ;ӣƣ֮ɫȥ
ַʶȫչ鿴ƬˮʵȴͻȻɫһ䡭
ãк޿ַŸɢʶһӷһͷӴĻͷԼʶӦֲֿƣַȷ⻢ͷǾԵĸ֡
ɲǣͷıһ˳ַǰϴ΢Цַ´һ
٣Ȼһ࣬ûʵ״㻹˵ʱ˿˿Ĺâɫ۶Ϣ
ַĺܣһʼǾ䡰Ȼһࡱַжǰ⺣޿ɱģ䲻Ѫ£ˮԳһİ֡
λǰҿ㹦Ҹ߳٣ӦҲһҲѪˮԳһǿ߾ʲôôȻ׷ɱôһСַˡ
ַʱҲûӣϾǧʹೢԹκַҲеʹŪˣûʱ̣ԼܲûҪõĺá
ϾʹෲǾһεˣ;ԲҪڶΡ


709 
ô˵ҼȻΪһƬʲôҵò𣬶ҾҪĶҲЩˮԳѪõĳġ˴Цȴ̺ŰˮԳһ壬ʲôô׷ɱ㣿˶ˮԳһǲм
ǰ˾ȻˮԳһİַ֣⣬Ϊʲô֪ԼˮԳһ飬ѵַ˲뵽һֿܡ
Ѫܲˣַƽ
Ŷɰ࣬㻹ûеô޴𣿾Ȼô죬Ͳ³Ѫ֮ܲˡЦҿԺ׵ĸ㣬ɱ㣬ΪˮԳƨһС¡
ΪˮԳһ£ַˣһ˲ˣȻΪˮԳ£ԼⱩ纣ֻˮԳڳް˵ΪʲôɱԼģ
ˣɱԭǲ뵽ģȻҲܸ㣬ֻĿˡַ۾èϷŪֿС
ַһҲûֿУȻʵ벻ҪɱԼԭ򣬵ǾȻԷè׽ϷҲĺܣ˵ܴ˿еõһЩʲôˡ
ɱҵԭɺãǴģҲ³Ҫɱҵԭ͵δҡַһȴ΢Ц˵
һһת󡰺ٺ١Ц淨øһϣǾ³ԭҲ
ӣģû˵ɱǰôµļһԼֻһ˵û뵽һﻹӦˣԼ˵ƺҲԼ
ã뵽ʱַͻȻɫһ䡣
Ȼ
ߣĻʵ̫ˣѾе㲻ˣӦ֪ŭ˵ĺһֱƬˮ仰ַɫ䣬仰Ҳ΢΢üͷ
ģܺһе½ǻ쵰ǰһ״ֻȥˡ˵ţ磬˫йâһһѳǹֱӴַǳǹϸɫâ
໣
ѾԼ͵һƶַ˼ı仯
ȫһ˲ȫĹ壬ֱӴڤѨַʱȫ񼤵ţŤΡ
ɲǼ䣬ַ𽥵˵֮ϵ·Ҳһ˲䣬ڼͿˡ
һַ̣ȴǳ࡭㡭״̬ǣϵؽɫںһ𣬻ͬɫһĶĸϡ
ַͻȻ״̬һȣȻɫһʮռҵˣ
Сӣ㣬ռҵӵܣ˭纣ģ˵ͬʱҲͣ˶ַĹվھַʮ׵ĵطе㲻˼
ʵϣһ̵ˣһʮã״̬ȻʮռҵˣЩϲôͬԼɱĪǣԼҴˣЩϼһҪԼɱˣ
ֱַǰһΣ֮ǵ죬óգûĴﵽ쾳֮ǰðȻʹã»ʲôַ֢ǰһֱûʹù
˶ɽٳɹĻǿߣȻûֹ˼ɣַɹ󣬼ֹͣ˶ԼĽһĬĬվԼĶ棬һȵԼ
ַһ֮£Ѿоƺ֮Ĵη壬ʱһҲͣԼҪһ
ҵȻռ֮ˣռҵˣѵ㻹ࣿҸұֻ֤Ҫڸɱңʱ򣬱纣򣬽Ѫɺӣַڲ⣬˵һҲûԼȫ
ַô˵Ҳ侲һһٵĵѪɺӣٺ٣ռ֮ˣҲ˵ôռȻڴ½ǿޱȣڱ纣ҲĹذ£ȻӵܣֻҪӦұ㲻Ϊѣô
ͷڽ֮ʱͻȻ˵ôһַое㾪ѽû뵽ռҵͷô죬ȻѪ
Ŷʲô˵ַƯˮһȴʱ͵Ϯ׼ֻҪһлᣬͻȫһ
һңһռҵӵܣҪ֤ĵ
ַһ֣ҲѰ쵽ԼǡʵҴ٣֤Լݵֶλеģʵǵڶأ



710 ̸
ڶƬˮѾ˽ðȻ˽ǷĽɣ˸ҵɱ㣬ھȻ֪ӵܣҲɱ֡˵һǵɵģɺãҼ˾ǰԶˮֻҪȥһ棬ǰ˵һݣҲûʲôˡ˵֮Ǳ䡣
Ȼַһɫһ䣬ƬˮеĻﱻ𣬿Ǻйˣתָֻ˹ǰˮ򵽵׷ʲô£ôô涼
ַʻüͷһƣеɻô㲻֪ǰˮʲôѵðΣմƬˮģ
ַ޹ĵͷڼŪʱСĸ͵ģƬˮʲô£治֪ܲ͸¶㣿
˵ַһϣˣﻹ֪ǰ淢ʲô£ȻΪ£Ƭˮеﶼˡ
ȻȴһȻ㲻֪Ǿ˵ǼҵݻҾ͸ܸˣˣѾôˣȥһɣ
쵰ְͦصѽԼ˵ô࣬ȻûԼҪ飬ԼĲȥѽҪˮԳѪϲϳԼǿʮ¡
ʱַնɽٳɹǿǰǿʢôðյôȥֻƴˣһԼѾ˾裬ҿΪҲα磬ԼҲûлᡣ
ҪǲȥˣַмȻ¶⣬Ҳ˵ʲôϻˣֻܿˣǵĶ˵һ䡣
㲻ȥַĻػһ㶣漴Ӧ˹˵ѵʲô˵ĿĲɣȻȥ涼ȥǾͲҪҡ
κ˻δ䣬ͿַͻȻһ֣Ŀعâ͸ĳһһ㣬ѾΪһ缱Լ˹
ߣСӻȻ֡˺ܷŭԼֻ̬СӸԼһˣû뵽СӾȻԼɱ֣ȻСԼǾͲܹԼˡ
֮򣡡
˴һ˶ˣͬʱеĳǹ𣬶ʱΪԭ㣬޾Ļ˳˷ȥգ۹׷Χڵˮ򣬾Ȼ˻硣
ɲǼ䣬ַһתĸоʮֵѹ֣֪ԼѾˣαеУַѾս׼񲢲ҡ

ַҲƶˣеΪӰ𺣼˹ȥÿһײƬռҲҡгһѵķ϶ֶˡ
ৣ
âһ͸һ⣬ƬյĿռâʢַо·𱻽һ㣬ʵĻ⻯һ޴ĹֽˣһҲܶ޴ļѹ֮һϢС
αǿߵ£ѹ֣綼ѹԼַ޴ɽƣҺԼ׼
¡¡һģĳǹƻռ䣬̶ֱַͬʱǹΧȻΧһʵʵĻ
ֿȥǼ档ʱ˿Ǵĳǹַͣܣƽĵ
ߣǧַһâһ˾ȻʧƬ
ͬʱ
˵ַس֣е콣Ҳͻأˡ
ӳѪⱬ֣
ַԼһҽУһұۻĳ˺ס
ɱϣ
һжɲǼ䣬мûκλ٣
̫ˣȻвδ쵽ʲôֱΣٽһֱܹɱ֮һұԶʧȥˡ
ַһֱڵȴԼٶԭһӰһԼһʶӰľٶʹĸӵı棬ԻˣԼϡ
ԼŻ͵ϮµĻ֮һƬˮʹԼҲҰģеʵַڵȵᱩѡ

۵ѪĺХһһַȥ
ں޷ŭ˼㣬û뵽Լеĺ޷֮ˣȻӵٶȣһץסһݼŵĻᣬԼɱ֣
һɹַ侲ޱȣг磬һƬѤõĹâûκԥɲǼնԼĻͷ



711 նɱα
˻һֻգ֮䣬˱һͷﵽʮɵľ޴󻢾һɹŨҵĺ޿֮ڱųŽסŨ֮âĿȴ⻢۾
޻ĶַɫԲͫͬҹо޴䣬ŰɫƬľ޴ʱڶһ£Хˮ
ĸһ޴˿ڣ·ĳǿ˺һѪ˿ڴк䵽ˮУʹ֮һƬˮ򶼱˺ɫ
޻ſѪڣиʴԵˮӿ˳ˮҲøʴ졣
ŭɣбԹȫ
ǰԼΪûһвСӣȻһԪܵ˾޴ĴˣʵΪһ
ţһ켶ٶȣȻܹ֪ľͳ󣬶һαĺ˵ֱͲ飡
ٵ¿еĳ࣬޲ýҧ飬̽ܺԼԿһΣȵԼָ֮󣬲ܿһΡ
ۿҪĳҪ嵽ǰͷͻȻŤһ壬޴Ļβͷȥ
ַһˮţͷĹһһɿ͵̩ͬɽѹһѹ
ַæˮһȻߵ˹ȥ
䡱һ죬޻βַ߲ͣس·ɽ֮ϡ
Ƭɽ¶ʯѵĺεľͬˮ䡣
һУ޻ûиַκδϢĻᣬ̿ʼеڶĹ
ſѪڣʮִĻͬһСһŵĻ˻ţצַ˹ȥƾˣ
ž޻͵Ĺƣַûбֳκεĵӣܳŵػ˽Ļһһ飬ȻѰŽĻᡣ
޻ѾشΪȻͣȴǱ֮һּ˲٣˵ԼµʱҲٿһΣѾܶԼвˡ
ԼҪģǾնɱͷȻ󣬼ٵ뿪ϾǰԶͬҪЩһ˹Լĵú˵ټˡ
𣡡
ͷѪţðһźڹ⣬һεַֻеԼҪһѩ׷˲䳯ַ˺ҧ˹ͬʱͷβȻʮȵԲΣҲݺݵسַ塣
ģôôַ̬ոմ߶ȫʹɱ֣û뵽ͷȻҵĹԼҪûܣͱβ˸ţٶ֮죬ֱûзӦء
죡ַȫðһŽ⣬γɵĹֳҺַﵽ쾳Żķ̶Ҳ˲٣ȻҪ֮ǰһ飬Լ㲻ҲҪˡ
ܴαһʵȻǿԼ˳ˣȻܷôǿƵĹ
ǧƣַ룬վκæԼ̲صǿһ˳ȥâһԼʧԭء
ͷַʩչ֮ǰԼʽ΢΢Ҳһ㶣ȻͿַһѳͻȻԼ棬ʱһڣӭ˹Ȼ⻢ͷֻǸոһͲɴ
쵰ɡ׻
ϧ˵˼֣ͷϵˮһ仯һͻȻ⻢ͷͷԭͷӭȥǸַһУ꣡꣡ܲѹʧ
ⳤͨڹֱ֣һֻҲ˳ͷ÷ϣˣ֮ͰԼ˻ָ˸顣
꣡
ڻͷûüӦ֮ʣûκ谭佫һʮĻͷ̳һһ㡣
𣡡
һСĻͷӰð˳ȴǻͷ귢˾޴Ҫ彫ȥйһξַôֵ᷸ͼĴ
ֻûﵽα꾹ȻͬҲѾˣϴԼɱͷˮԳ껹ֻһѣû뵽ֻһ㾳磬ĲྐྵȻô
콣Ǹ߸𣬼ٵתȵγһ⽣ȻӳһǿҵĽˮ
͡һ죬СĻͷӰϣͷӰһĲҽк󣬼ϸ΢غͳޡ
һɺַȴе㲻˼֮УղŲŵòһĻͷôɢһ㡣
ַĿԼе콣˼һʹóǧֻԭذ׹һ˸Ƭ֮һˮַƾֳ
콣û뵽߽ϣȻʹԼ˲ơ߽ϵúַĴЦ



712 ׾
ֱһַŴ˷侲һοһеͷ׻һ˲ʧ
ַ૵û뵽׻Ȼһαǿ߶ʧûлͷһ˲ʧԼҪɱ治׵£Լǰ콣γ˽׻սǶǴأ
ţˣ±бף׻ܻǲҪ֪ĺã˶֪Լһ׻ʱ鷳ַ˿Դ
ףô£ڿַͻȻüͷһ忴ԼԱߵĺˮһɻ
ͷһˮͻȻһɹɾĻ꾫ɻ꾫Ͼͻ۵һͻȻâһһڵǹɻ꾫ַ֮ַ⸱壬ɫȴǴһ㡣
ԹԣǿĻȻûԼ콣ôǿҲӦһؽ׶Ļҿ״ӦǷεĻ
һôûٺ٣ΪʲôûˣûǸãСүװ׼˸ˣҪˣСүҿûǸ⻢ͷĻɢ
棡ʲôַ漴ǻͷԱ߳һɫĴӣ治֪ʲôһͷ
ɫĴӣҲǰƴСʮɣ·ûһ㣬˿飬֪ʲôƳɣһɫ˿ϵס˸ס
ַСĵĽ⿪˿ߣһѶð˳ħˣħԪ飬潣ꪣͭлһЩǻ
мƷˮɣһ߶ߵĴƿӳ˲ٵ󷨽ƣװɫҺ壬ַϸһ֮£ʱһɫҺѵȫҺɫҺҶԼҺһģһֻڴϺôһ㡣һǲ񰡣ַЩԼҰٸпʲôâһ֣ͬǽɫĴһͬյԼС
սЩռ֮һĿռ䣬ЩһǳεĻЩʲôʯһЩ߼ޣħ޵ħˡԪ飬ⶼЩֵǵĶÿһŵȥҪôԴ
û뵽һĶֵʹˣǵϳжٱԼҪʵǲҪһЩһ⣬ЩҲԲԼģַǸЩǿıˣԼеЩ¶⻢ͷѹģԼռռǧ꣬ӵС
ؽ׷磬ɲһǿԼѾ״ﵽ쾳磬ıǻǿȫϣȻûһΣա
ģɱѪˣô౦Ѫ֪ˣСүܻ׷ɱˣУøϽ뿪Щַһ뿪Σ֮ء
һɽŲ£ͻȻԡһַͬһֱӴһʯд˳
˿̵ַ״̬ǰδеĺãʩչǧӰѾȫҴ˿ַѾǼˣͬʱļؽ׵Ĺ
ֱַĶַǴֻ٣ǻֻ࣬Լ֮ѾʼԲˣַҲòͣˡ
һһԶַ۾оһĴڣһԼһ꽻ַַƾ˸оһĴڣһȴܸоַĴڡ
ַһֱΪһͬ߰ĹܣΪʱһϾԼһ⹦л濴ʲôʵ;ȴû뵽ܻϴóˣʱַҲɲò̾Ǵھе
ˮԳѪһֱ׷ɱԼټԼɱ˸ѪܲˣƬǴ粽УԼûһͬ£⺣̫İˣҪľҵһȻһ취뿪
ַĺܣԼһĻУԼҪСССģֻҪԼ΢⣬͵ס
ַʶɢ̽һܵĻоûʲôΣպֱӻһ⣬ֱӳϷйȥ
Ǹոշ˲ãַͻȻɫһ䡭
Ȼ
¡¡
죬÷Բɽһ𶶶ַɽ֮ϵĺˮ֮УȻɽͶ
Զһ޴ɽź¡ľ챬ˮ֮һ磬ӴĳڷԲĺ֮ͳһ͵С
СķԲмĶЩг˷ɢеĳַ߾ĳַһǰ澿ʲô飿



713 ؿռ
оַòеɻ˫΢΢һ̧ǰҲһͬСУײʧΡ
һĲҽӼԶĺַһɫӰһϣ漴ǺƷ˲˰УһɢָֻһƬֹӡ
ˣóֵ˶ѾȫɱˣƬĺҲɾˣټϱļҲˣ⺣ɾҲʱˣһźĺˮַĶ䡣
һˣǺħޣΪַо֮Ӵѹľ
ãǾͿɾɡСҾȡȴ˵ַ̫֮ͣʵڸ̫Զ϶϶ô֡
˲á
䣡
һ𡭡
ʱ򣬿µȻǰƵһ׹һ⣬һжʧȥɫʣ·˺׿ռ䣬ɲǼַǰ
ַû÷Ӧ䣬ƬâѾַƬˮ
ͻ䣬ַһϢĸо̫ͻȻˣԼʲô׼ûüѾʧȥежЩâʵ̫ˣԼԼͺʱ侲ֹһ㡣
ƬâֺɲһƬţжʯˣַҲֻܴĿˮ硣
ʱƬ̣ͻȻڼԶ֮˶Ģ״Ĳɫƶ䣬תʱƣǲɫƶоȻһַ֮ԵһЩʯ뺣ֲ׷ǲɫŷȥ
ֿһַ֮ȷԽԽˣԼѾҪֿסˣڲɫƶһתٺַҲûȥ
Խǰ棬зԽ󣬵ַ֮¾Ȼһ⣬ֱӳǲȥ
ڸոսһ˲䣬ַȻƵܣȻʮʮǿϼһڵֿƲʷк淢һˣϴˮԳ֮еĺԳҲȻС
Գ棬ַһæıϵϢòһϵϢѹպõǶ徳ӡ
ʮȻҲַ֮ͣڿַһ˲䣬ʮ˵ŭڣַ⣬ģԼô˵ҲܺˣӶûŭЩϲŭë
̫޳ˣǸŵˣѵƻԼ𣿡
ģôƬѪģô֣
ݵľͻȻ֮ˣǲ㰲ŵģ
ǲǻ̫ãԴ͸ˣӾҲҸôС˽ȥɣ
ˣҪˣһССѣΣķȥˣҲã
㡭
ַڽƺԺЩϲԼ֮͵̸Сַ֣пЦѣģԼû֣ȻЩϲУšС֡
Ҳã˵Լαװǳɹ
¡¡
淢һڿٵʧ󣬽ƣȷ޾ľ֣һʧˡ
꣡Ӳ𣬶Ȼַǰռ䶼ַ鲻Խ۾
ַ۾һʱһ
ʲôط
ַǰһɫԣҫ۵ķӳԼϣ״Ĺ۲ϵ»ζԵʮ
Ⲩĺ棬ĿѣԣεˮɫУ಻֪СͷΣϿջһЩ֪ţö泩
ںΧ˴֦ҶïܣмдɫʻʢСз衣
ǿŨ֮ʹַһʪµĸо棬˺Ҫ˷Ʈȥһ
˾벻֮¾ȻһĿռ䣬滹ô޴ĺСǵ׹ʲôģôôǿңַ޷ֱǵ׹⣬Լ˿ռʱеۣ׹ԭ
εĴ֮ߡ
ͣƬַ̣Ӹплָ˹Ȼʼ̧ȥ
Ȼ
ռһζַЩվȵĸоͬʱҲһǿҵİ׹ֱַһ۾
ָоȻƬ̼䣬ʧˡ
۵ʱԼȻѾվһߵĻĮԵĮӴ󣬴ŷԲﷶΧһ޼ʵĺˮǰȴһƬ޴ïɫɭ֡



714 ͷʾ
ɭȻɫģȴǸǴһɭֲĸоָоһֳŰѹʲôʮֲõ鼴
ɫҶɫĺˮⱾӦ˸еʵľɫڸַĸоȴֻĸݡΣķûַеһǿҵΣС
ַҵһʱͿʼ˼𻷾ͬĿʹԼ⡣
ڴ˿̡
һɫ°ɫεɫɫĹ⻪ͻȻӰ֮˳âƤַۣΧʮﷶΧȫ

ֻɢĹ⻪ȻΪһɵ⣬⿪ʼ䶯ֱӻΪһž޴òò뷢԰סݺͰߡ
ƬԼʱ̸еΣĵطͻȻһȫγɵַɴ󾪣㣬˭
ҺõСһãǵһνռ䣬ԶƣӰʱ벻Ҫеѽĳֻ֣ΪЩռĽ⡣Ҳʲô⣬ΪڳֵֻһӰ񣬾ֻһ˵ãˣҲܻش㡣Ǳ纣ĵһ֮УڽطʵģǰǸطֻγɵһþÿǧԶһΣȴԵ˵Ľ롣γɵĿռ䣬ҳΪξһ֮ﻹһЩ˿ܻЩﻹһѵĵ죬һֲÿǧͻῪһΣĹʵΪֿԳ֮ΪѵһԨ֮Уںδʲôػ顣ţܵ˵ֻԼֵֹЧƲ⣬ֹʵӦûһЩ湦Чǵ뿪˵أûжֹʵһоˡΪʵӵЧŹʵĲժѶȣʮֵĴȰ㣬ʵòҪǿŹӵ⣬ѵռ仹кڤɳħˮжĪΣռУҪסĸ֡ˣڿʼжˡ
˵꣬ʱӰͬˮһȻ޵ӣʧ
ˣҲ٣ϼһطͲིܶ㰡ַĿɿڴЩɢĹ㣬ʮơ
ǰϷһİ򣬻ŵͼˣϲȻͶ̶̼ʮֵĿͷ˵һ˵ò岻ģҲ̫˰ɣ
ߵӰȫҡҡͷַԳЦһ£ʰһ飬ԼʶŵƬԼʱ̸еΣյ̽
ϼһ˵һγɵĿռ䣬Ҫĸ֡ʲô˼ַлǡɻʶ̽һƺûκ쳣ŷĵɭȥ
Ƭһ޼ʵĴ󺣣ַ붼ûͽ֮ųԼг֮ˣԼЩһֱˮжȹģֻҪһˮַʮֵķС
ַɭ˰ʱѾɭڲˣʱеһǿҵΣУȫĶð˿˿⣬ַ룬һٻ˳ͬʱҲС
ȻܳһȺȮħޣȻЩħ޵ʵǿ󣬴ڻǾңôһȺΧĻһĻֻ»һΣա
ַԼڽǧϣʹԼ˲֮ЩС͸ַˣΪЩͼħ޾ٶ࣬ԼٶȣҲǰ״
ַ־콣ͬʱǧʩչֻǰÿһͷħ޵ǰһַֻǰڵƲһһͬģǾÿһͷħ޵ͷ϶һ콣
һᣬͨһֻֻħ̵˵ϣ֫鴤˼º󣬾һҲˣܿͽЩͻħɱ˸ɸɾ
Դϴ뻢ͷսʩչһε˲ƶַ֮Ͷͻɱеķʽˣǧʱеʹֻ࣬Ҫʩչʱ䲻Ǻַܳܵġ
ΪڳԽٵĸƶ֮£콣ٱͬʱָ֮УҲΨֽЧɱá
Ҳǣ˲ưٶ֮£㵥ײһ𣬱Ҳľ˰ɣ
˵ʵָ֮£Լ콣һĻԼ˲ʩչͳֱܲըɡ
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Щħ޵ħȫսռУַȥͻȻ΢һֱԼǰ治Զʲôڷ



715 
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۾Ժ֮УһƬǱۣȴۿĻҪʶ͸һƬɭڣȷԼĸӦûַٴǰɱȥ
һǰɱ󣬶кһŭ֮˾һ𷢳ַ̧ͷĿֱǰĸɽǰȥδôһ£оǰǴɵĸɽͻȻҡ͵ض𣬷ա
һƬӴӰббַ˶ˣһæ̧ȥ˫ĿôģԼˡ
ǰԶһͷɵĶħһֻǲĸɽ»ţһֻŶëؿڣֱУܣ£ٵ뺣ޣŸֲͬķΣμΧǶħ·׷ţʱʱķһй
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ַɲⳡ·Уͷһ˲䣬ѳɶ󣬿ֻȴǽ׷ᣬַΪܿܰ
ɽһᣬͷԼˣһĺףڰ֮Уַεתۣأֻβ󣬻ʱʱצóгַ
Լֻ֣аͷëЩ뺣ȥԸˣ뵽Цһ£һȻȥ
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¿ַĿɿڴˣþ׶ǷߣԼ治ܴˣͷûתꡣ
δˣȴмŭҳһȣһĪͻȻַǰûüκηӦֻá䡱һǵصĺؿڡ
ҡһ֮಻Ĵַдӱܸ䣬ǵϴŵľǿصĺһ޷ɽ֮ڡ



716 붴
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ֱַһȻû£ݵҲһ˿죬Ϸķ⣬׹ðֱĳַ˹
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Ҳ֣ۼַâϮͻȻֽһ˫΢£һȣʱ˫֮УٸữΪһƿַĻӳâһ
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ݱڱزɫͻȻſҲͻȻ˫һţдĳӿʻ״䣬ۿڷ֮ʡ
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ʱֻֻǰͻȻ֮ӰһһִİâХ֮֮ڣͻȻһ֪ãѾˡ
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һҲֻǶסѣûҪ
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ַһ˿ݣЩ쵰Լûãħܵ棬ñ֮£ȻҲԼñΪ飬Ϊȫ
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ģȻǿ߶ܲˡһѪԿ³һ¹ѾַˣȻǺأҲԿħܵĿֲ֮
Ȼ˶ַ˿飬΢΢һƣȥ˶֮ǰ϶ˣŪãܻҪɱ˶ᱦˡ
뵽ַʼ˼һ룬ӦʲôӦ飬Ķͨûз򣬲Һ󶴾ֻһ·ñϷ
һֱߵףħر֮ˣ˰У·һڶ߹һص׺ºַͣһᣬûʲô쳣Ȼ󣬴º֮ʱַͻȻüͷһ塣
Ȼһƿ֮ͬʱӰһѳߺڰźպսâв
ЩһַǳҺַԤУˣԭػ콣ϡɳĹâ˵ˣһˡ
ɾʱغڰʮӰǻϵĸ֣ǿ߸塢ȴ࣬ҲкޣһһӣЩӰַΧ



717 
ЩȻ·񣡡Ȼ죬ַֽȻ塣
ߣܻ׽ãܻ׽ͲҪˣʱһίĽͻȻƾմ
ЩΧַǿ߱ѴĹͣ˰УǲҲͣΪȵǵĶͷ˾
ַһʹĵĲƾճֵŮǰЩһȨƣίʵЩϤĸо
ΧַЩǿߣеһ߼߿ֵС浽׽ˣͷ׷߰ߣӥĿ磬ƣߡ
㵱ڿЦôһȣԽԽһ˽Ų
ַ̧ͷŷȥһ۶ʱֱˣһҲֻ֮ڰһŮֻһİɫȹ
Ȼ˿ǺڰȻ͸֬ķ壬ģȻɵķϣһأŵͬһʢƺϵİ
ͻȻλ׵ŮַϾͻعͬʱűӿЦôֺѾͷˣԩ·խ
˲ַ˸ˮ˭ûȻҲξģξôȴƫƫһⲻò˵ǡԩ·խ
ǸͷַˮѾͷɫٱ䣬ŭȵūģ㵨ҶҼС񣡡˫ƽǰ΢ͻȻһַ˹
˭֪̺ĹµģҲǿҵģͷһĳҸеһƵѹΪﵽһ̺һ֮С
ַɨǸͷһۣ콣˫һƣһݣƱŷأһ죬ַ΢΢һΣ˫һӰ磬Ļȥ
ͷ͡ȡһۡһѪӵʮɣסһغϣԶԷѪǰʧܡ
ˮü壬²û뵽Ϊ־ˣ·Ӳˣʶ࣬͹Թ־ܣС㻹ɷһ·
־ܣѾͷ˵óڣַЦĪ˵ΣϴӵҲҰɣ
ϴȷʵҲôǿΧַˮΪԷģ֪һ䲻ãʱȻŭ׵
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һʱ֮䣬ûЩһУƴɱľεȷḻȷ֮οҹѣˮſڣ˴ЩΧȺߡġ
һʱ֮䣬ͬȺˣصأҽвѡ
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ַĿϷŹǰһȥһǿ̽ϡһ𴦣ǿ߾˴ϣݺݷԶ֪ξˡ
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С϶ͦĵģַûһŽӰǰ
϶ΪƴãƾһϲҪǿطԷصиɻǰط֮ƣʹ·ӵĸо
С϶ɢҪ齣˺˭֪ʱַĽâͻȻǣҽһУС϶Ѫˡ



718 Ѱ
ٺ٣Ҫǿͦĵķϣƾ֮ǰǾ仰СүҪĹ飬ַһֱſʼͷūġˣַ˾ʧʱƵ˻ˮȥ
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ˮЦֱζʵ֮ЩüŭĿĺޣĺڱеҪʲô˵
ȻַбָЦҪȥѰⶴеı
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СѾͷСүǰˣ㻹ַ˵ţѹˮϣҪ˺·
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ӦˣַҲʲôڸУǰͻȻһƽܳһηΧڣʲôͻĶƬĲԭϣԴݻƵҰݡ
ҰܲȵƬƽԭϣҰ֮䣬һÿŤĹһ붼¶ڵر
ˮַ߹Ƭƽԭһɽǰ˽ȥǿ磬صȥ
ǰִƬĺ⣬ǶʮԶ˵ϡ
ܴһۣǰһУַһǵܶܶԶԶ󣬳ӴһɸߣʮҲΧ£ľ޴ʯţۻ׳ۡ
Щܶڵľʯܰص֧ųһƬ磬ܵĺֹǧ֮أ⣬ܶĶϣļľʯľһʮɳ
ַͷȥȻķ֣Ǵʱǲһбľ޴ʯģɻĵطܲʲô
ˮҲ֪ʱַе뷨ƾԾʯܶ룬ǰһָҪҵ鱦



719 СѾͷ
ַ΢΢һ˳ָ÷ȥֻһҫ۵ĺɫҽУһûľУûɫľ֮ϣһ֮ͨ
Ϊʲô˵һԣΪ١Ҷ廨ÿΣһһŮͷȫŮӵ鷿ӵ˸Ͼߣϻɿëһ˫Ů
ַ棬룺仹ûֹҲ֪ﳤ˼ټǧ꣬ģҪ˵ӣϹֻҲûм
΢΢һַͻȻͷʲô
һǧſһΣˮַһۣû˿ԥ
ҲϤַ±ӣ΢΢Щɵ
ˮһۣŽˮ鸮ˮ鵤ҪֹʵҲֻҪ鼮ϿҲǵһοʵˣ
ԭˮ鵤ַжʱϲѣˮ鵤ˮ鸮֮纣һң޷ֺţл飬ҲֻҪˮ鸮˲֪ٺ٣οҪСүˣ
ַ۳ȵĿеĹӣ䣬ȽժԼΪ뵽һΣǿû˹ȥ
ַľٶˮͻȻһ˿ĪЦ⣬ַժȡ֮ʱ
Ȼһֱֱͨ˹
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˭ȻҴ⣿ߣͲ뿪ˣһװ쳹أķȥͬʱУһֻͷ˫ǣðŻĹð˳
ͻȻֵĻַ֣ʲôҲû˵

һԽĽ콣Ȼһ罣˹ȥǻǲĹУɫһһ³䣡һַնĽ壬ͬʱ
Сˣǻڳ࣬ųһҽð𣬱ҽʾ¶Żһӣַ˹
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ȫţվһɹӿͬʱԭ֧ȫȨҲվԼٶ
ַüͷ΢΢콣ȻջأһȻûˣҲȫѪһ󣬲ƽƬ̣૵磬ҪɱػĻ֣»治Ǽ׵顭
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ɫһ䣬ͻȻֱɢȻĻ棬ַһУȻ콣֮룬תۼ䣬翵Ļֺ£ػóǸ֡
㻹˻ȥɣػҵʹκ˲ÿ»ңǲ֮ɱҵġ䶢ַµ
ַ֮Цҡҡͷź£;ϣ
ߣǾƲԳԷƣȻһһ̤£һִҽӵ±ųΪһƬַ
ַɫƽĿǾˮӣҽ಻ʱͻȻ֣һǵɿҽ㶨ڿУָһҽ㻯Ϊһ״ء
ɼͬʱһȴҽ֮һִĻ쳤ꪴҽַǻŵϸ磬ǹһΣǵַǰ
ַ֣ͻȻѸƽȥȵСѾͷңԭһֱûжˮַֽ֮ʣǱǿûԱߡ



720 
ִַû֮ʣͻȻ֣˫öǬС
ַ֮ǰʹթϱ˽ƣȫ֮ܶ˿Ҳ½ƺϸһȷ
һֱûŸ˷ĵƴˮû߻
ڶȻһĻ֪ԼˮǹʹˣѾͷϿ϶ƽƵʲôȻԲƾԼʵôͳԼϵĽơ
뵽ԼˮϷŪˣַҲеĸоˡ
ʱѵֵˮͻȻַЦӣΪСôôǺǣ򣬱СҲ԰գҲַı飬Ӱһǳܶ
ַȥ׷ϣŻֳԼһꪣֲòʱ˱ܣһһ֮ʱˮѾܵӰûˣһŭûطɨǻһۣû˵
ߣѾͷͦµģ·ǻ̧ͷЦϧŮȻˣдļһ
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Щպúʶһɨĵ﷢Щʲôβң˵سǿûҲûֵעĵطˡ
ز£ҽߵ𽣬ܶһ齹ڵѷ죬ѷխпѷ£ǹҽʣżмرðŨỤֱ̃Ͽա
ַǿûɨ˼ۣߣֲֻҪһ뿪滷ͻѸٿήвʣ֡ɱȡ¼ַҲɵȥ
̾Ϣһֻ뿪ֻȥطܲҵöˮѾͷ̫ˣԼôŻôҲӦøԼһŰɡ
пЦǵڶαŮƭˣ㣬ǶŮûнġ
˵ܶ滹ħƴںһַۣһЦﶼСѾͷȡˣЩɵñ﷢񾫣ǿǡ
תһ룬ƺԼӿűӿЦһʼѰ֮á
طܶһطбַҹѰǧأ˵ʲô鱦ˣӰҲѵһЩ˲١
żʲô֪Ҫ͵Ϯ赭дĴˣ۵ľȡڵľˣ۵ģֱӿµļ·ɽϡ
ƬͣͣʮҵһƬĵططҲĹͷǰȻзëĸоɫЩԥԼǲӦÿ뿪
ǰһ޼ʵĳشƬУСɽݺᣬȺ彻ĿɽʯȴǴݲ
۹֮ʲôǺɫģɫʯɫɳͬʱںɫĵ֮ϻϵðɫ¶ȷǳ֮ߣԶַܴи˿˿֮
ֹľȻַЩðȻ߽ȥ
һͻȻ·Ҳܡ
ΪƬʵ̫һ߶֪ǣ֪ҪߵǸţ²ƹȥ
ַüͷǰľ²˴װʲôΣգôԼĺĸо
ɾʱַɫһͷҲûصһΣ˵һ˾ʹԭʧӰ



721 ػ
ʱ󷽲ʲô
·ߣãڰַ¶˿˿Ц⣬Ȼú󣬴Сɽһ࣬߳һһˣһϽ۵ӵ
ӱ濴ȥʮӣɫ׾ͷһصıɫңһֻɫ룬˿ȵĵطϻкɢ
ɼЩҲб֮רΪĻ׼ġ
Ϊ׵İǰ֮ɫĴͣ·Ѱʲô
ܿյʲôûк󣬷ϵĽ֮ɫŨ֡
ǰԶԶСɽϳһʱԼĿһӰζһ¡
ڵ˴˴˾ȻټȫޣȻ쳣
Ȼٿһ鸽˵Ľָһ²֮У漴ȻһΣһ׹зɳΪһԲͷ
󡭡顱һ죬׹һ󾹱˿ͬŮɢ㻯Ϊ˵ǹ⣬ԲʮɵķΧȫڡ
׹֮ںɫĵһĺ˪Ȼһ˿쳣ûг֡
Ӽˣһ˿ɻ֮ɫ૵ѵǼһѾ˻ɽͷе㲻ΪǰۣܿݷԺɫص˺ɳĮ
ط湻аŵģֲͷҪ׼ҺһŹĻɽһߵ૵ͬЩ˼
ֻƬʱ䣬ͻȻתȥָһµݺӵ꣬ҴȺ֮УֻǻԣҲȽϿ죬Ƚȥɣ
ºӿ˿ԥ˰죬ǰӱʱ֪ûأֻһҧ˳ȴǳٳٲǰ
£ܲͷһоǧٸԸ⣬󣬿ҲǰӵȨ֮ˣַҡҡͷĵ΢΢̾Ϣһ
꣬ˮ廤ô꣬ʱˣĵȥɣŻٳٲǰӲͷĻ˻ֵ⣬ҲչһСģ
˵ʱǰӵĻԽԽˣҲĻ԰ӵΪ˵ͻὫɱ֮£΢΢˺һ͵ǰȥ
Ȼ궯ˣеһ˿Թ֮ɫȴڳκˡ
ڳ⼸¶һۣղͬʱҡҡͷ
ɫǰҲУȴ˿Ϊ⣬ߵһūŶѣڻ㣬Чҵģ㾹ȻҿξûҲҪ󲻾֮
ӶĿΧһɨ⻰֪˵ģ˵Щģ˵仰鲻ѽ˻ɽĻ꣬ĬȻ
ʱֻһС˫һɽСĵ˹ȥ
һɣɡ
˵ɫǻԽԽɽ֮У
ʱȫ·ųһɫɫ֣ȫķ겻͸ӰǻΪһˡ
߽˻ɽɣ˿ûʱ˵ɫԷһЩࡣ
˵Ѿ˴ôˣҪʲôΣգҲӦˡ
ַںŻ꽥СӰ¶˲ı飬૵ѵԼ´ˣɽֻǿˣʵϲûʲô⣿
ֽ֪Щˣ󣬳䲻֮£Ǻ׵ֵģֺ󣬾һˣɽʲôڡ
ڣַеˣ
ΪЩڿǻôԶûʲôʱȥ
ɾʱԶͻ
ڻСһһ͵̤һʱȻЩɫͻȻ޹ƯڰнΧסɢŻĹ⣬ϢԵùޱȡ
Ȼһɺ¡¡ĵǺֵĵ´
һͷȥɫ˲ɷޱȣȻ
һ֮ĻͻȻ¿ӿΪһɵľצתۼ䵽ĸǰոڿշĻһ¹ڡ
һľɢ֮ʱӰʧӰ١
һɽͻȻһ֮ϴӵ¿ӿתۼ䣬ǸողŽȥõİΧܲʮֲ֮ÿһ䡣
֮ɵСȣߵͲһȴȫһ¡
һĻ˶ɫ䣬ۼһӭǰӹȻǸݾ֮ˣۼһץסһ£˹ȥ
һӴʱ໯ʧҲС



722 
һĻǰɫϲΪҵķʱǱûнɽԶֻҪһ裬ű˳ȥ
һһɢѵʮ֮Զʱۼһٴһ˿ץȥ˭֪£ѧԣ׷˹ȥ
Ӵ䣬ͻȻŭһϽеһƬİ׹з˲γһݺˮ֡
ʱˮײһˮ˲仯ˮɳ鿪ҲǵʱӲ¿˿
ۼʣµöҪȻȥͻȻһ溧ݵ˹ʱﻹҷһסһ˷ɳɡ
˳ɽ֮ʱʱͬʱ˹һһһңͬʱ׳µֵ
ʣһ΢΢ҧ⣬һھѪʱѪײ׷ײˣǰҲӴ˻ᣬæ˳˻ɽ
ոӳһ˲䣬ɽ͵ĿʼҲһ˿͵ڻ𺣰ɣ
˲ΪŶĺ飬һƨɹӵɵһɣ¶һ˿ϲɫ
Ƭ̺Цݾˡ
ͻȻоԣǰĻɽԣǲϲԡ
ϱģһѽ
һȡ
ܲӵȾĴӵ۹бȥȴֻƬһӰģȴʲôҲˡ
Լ⣬ǱԼ˶ˣһһĸ֣һӹȫһ
Ƕңһȡ
ʲôȻµҪʲôҲǸͷѪˣʮ֮ʱֵװغͿ
е룡
Ҫҵ룿ߣ㣬ʲôô
һλĻᡣ
֪˭𣿡
ˮߣȴСүʵѪˮԳɱһССˮ岿治
˭
ϻ̫ˡ
һ㵣̶Ŀâһһֱ󣿡
ʲôٲ뽻ңˡ
ãҸ㣬ϣسŵһĻᡣҲ֪Ȥĺܣ˵شӻͳǸ룬ֵݵ󣺡װǼҺСպˡ
˵һַЦֻ룬еҺһۣͻȻʵⶫʲôãжɽ֪٣һ˵
ͫһ΢΢˼һ󣬻ɽҲǵһȻ;Բˣ⼫ҺˮöƵһҺԼԿ𣬶һǡ
˵һ٣ͻȻͣ
ַüͷ壬Ҫµģһʲô
Ҫ˵㵱һĻ᣿
ڳңûбѡ񡣡
ӰԿЦһǻϲʳ֮
Լôû˵ַһᣬлȻô˵⼫Һղˣ⼫Һ˵ǼΪѵõıղĻк֮
Ӷ˵֮ѪκˣֻҪ֮˲ˣ֮Ѫǿϡ֮
ַд벻绹һûںεأַҲдҪץ˸ƶѪ⡣
ԣһָɽϢ֮أ
ַɫ΢䣬üͷͻȻ˵ܣطĴǿֲĻ棬ͨ˽ֻҪմһ˿ͻԭӵĻУǻʲôȥ
̾˿˵ʵʵҲţѵأÿþһڣÿ춼ڻɽгһΣֵʱ̫̣ٶȼ죬˵ǲʱ֮ʱӰҲԿ壬ˮ뵽ղ֮
ڻ㻹֪٣
ԣҾ֪ЩˣҲգҲգֻϣسŵ
ˮӦЩͷ˰ɣЩУѵûз˿ַ֮ͻȻӵĶ棬ĿתĶ˫۾ɢɫʣ·Կ͸ġ
ַͻȻ棬΢΢һ㶣˵Դˮ巢ڣǧʱˣþÿǧŻῪһΡ



723 ղ
ҲˮҲֻＸζѣοÿλþ֮ʱɽᾭҲ£ֻˮ֪
ɽĻ˰ԵôܹĪɣɽزɣַ΢΢һȵ֪ʲô취ܰȫɽ
ӿЦЦ֪Ҫ֪ĻҾͲôڴ˵ˣԭⱾûҪɽֻڻɽΧѰ֮أȻųҺ֪ǻɽΧȻҲա
ɽлǿȣֻлǿ߲ܿסǿǵ˶壬ҪͨҲû⣬ҪɻͿɾˡַ˼һӣͻȻǰӣаֲŻƳڵļһҪȥǸ
תͷ˿һľ̬֮İӣַĵҲֻ֪ЩˣͲ·ˣ԰գһŽߵ˻ɽ֮С
쵰㲻ãͻȻַһߵ˻֮УͻȻɫ䣬ŭ󲻼˼һ̧֣һѻɫɵֶΪһľݺݵնһĻ
Сүû㣬˸Ļᣬᣬ㣡˵仰ַҲǰһۣ˳ðĻ棬˲С
ʱŭַһİӣһɢһ󣬽硰ˡһ죬һӵϡ
ƾָŷɵα仯նЩ羹δ˲佫ŵС
ʧɫҪջطɵѾˡ
޵ķɵ˼󣬱ɫûС
ɵһ٣һѪѿɫʱɷ
ı٣Ԫˣٳˣæ߶񱼶ȥֻҪ˻ɽͿ
ʱЩڻɵͣԭû׷һĿľٶ
ɲǼһһɫٴλΪһ
һ̶ļХУͬŭһƿ
һľţæȫӿ˳ԼٶȻӿ֡
ɵһŵĴжʱǼٱеΧһƯѪ
ͣŵദǶһȭͷС͸׶ΧںڽһƬ·ʲôƿһ
ͷ˿ز鲻Խһѣһľ֮ɫƺЩԼȻˡ
ʱǻٴη֮ʣѺУֻҽ󣬾ȫˡ
Ƭ̺ڿյĻȻҲ±Щ֮ɫʲôҲûһ㡣
һĻʼȴַһ֮࣬ɫȴЩŹ
ֹ澹ȻԣֲöӲַ֮õ͵ֻԼ˵ȴֲ¶һ˿ص΢Ц׹һʧ
պַһѽ˻ɽڲھȻ֪лַȻȥ˵˿þУĴɱ¾ϣòͽȥ
ﲶ׽ĻǼ£
˿׼һһƬɺɽ˿ܵĲðĻ棬ַȫһţЩʱಡһûӰ
ģԼ¶ˣЩһֻЦ±ӣƬɺĸ󣬽Χط겻͸ȻСؼҺŵĴ
ղֻһλᣬһʧܣ쵽壬֮ززԺ˭ֶΣ¾ͳ˼ܵ¡
˵ַ˴αһУȻҲû˻ᡣ
ǰеļҺַһֶȻ󣬵Լȴǲ֪ղ󣬻Щʲô;ԼԸ鱦ʶ̶ȣǴĲԺҸϰһС
ȡЩҺСɢڼܣϢȫ߷󣬽ʣµļҺպãֱַԣĿ
˴յʱ䣬ĵַɫ΢΢һ
˫ĿضԶһƬ֮ء
һǴطȻ߽ܲӼ䣬޶˳һɿУдͳغ
ַɫ糣һκΪһ׺ɵ˰УԴһ˿עһУָоӦòǻԹ
мһŻһֻħ޴˳
βֻɴСӣżҺڵķ򣬲ͣĵͺ



724 ץȡѪ
Ļַüͷ壬ȻΪ赲޷ħ޵ɢҲֻڻڵħ
Ȼַͷħޣȡڵľˣ˵Ҳʲô£ȴҲ˻Ϳɾˡ
ַͣڿУ·ħޣεŪҲһ֣Ҳһ֣ݾߣʲô쳣Ǿ͵òʧˡ
Ϊһ棬ͷħмֵĶ࣡
еħޣһع򣬾ѱҺɢϢ̼Щˡ
һ޺֮£Ƭɺɽݺ֮ģʮɸߵľ޴ˡ䡱һ졣
󷨹ҡҡ׹޷ܵӡ
ַ˵ҪĽֻڰͻȻ䡭ɳɳɳԶһ֮ϴһ΢
ƽԶ·ǷԪƮ֮䡭ַǰһʱ䣬ȫÿһϸȻսֹͣˡ
ˣˣСһﻹǽթȻһͷڵħ̽·ڷûʲôΣպ󣬲ŴܳҺԼסе̰ûжħ޳֡
ܴﵽ쾳磬ȴܻΪεħޣضŷǳ֮һ˼ˣֻ̲סȡħ޵ľˣƲ׽
ַͨˣ֪ͷʹùƣֻû뵽˽թ뵽ַЦһڿвָȴˡ
ֻȻף͸͢һץ±ҪɹҪȻ´һɾˡ
ಣͻأһϹӹһ磬绹Ҫ죡ֲǰ˵Ҫǿ׷Ǽܵ£ֻղ
ַͫأطŴᣬٴǵϹȥŷǵϹر仯Ϲóһֻڱܵ͸Ϲ
Ҳǻ
ʮ׹ͻȻַ
ۣʮâ˲Ϲ֮ϡ
ַ۹⹴ضŰ֮ڣͻȻһѳ֮ͻȻ䣬ַϲ
յУҲֻħޣֱӳ𣬽²½ƣ§ڻкнסһû뵽ô׾ˣ
֨֨аͷ֨УģȻһҲ¡
ȫë⻬ͨڻţţԵʮֿɰ
Ȼ䣬ַȻȥе̰ͻȻһ֮飬ȻһһɳصʹеĲͿ־塣
һ˫Сֱַ龹ʮֻ䡣
ɲʱŻǧذתãȻ֪βźá
ôܷܲˣͻȻַзݣַ̬ת䣬ҲͻȻһУڻаͷԵʮ־š־塣
ѵСһܸӦ˵֪е뷨ַаȻ죬Ǿ͸Ӳܷˣ˭ַ֪ͷŸոת꣬֨֨һУַǰ¹ˮ
ģһ£ַ˷磬СһеǾӨһε£һȡһʯƳɹΣա
ȡһ룬૵Сүôֶܿ鰡֪񲻻ɵñ԰գҳϵѪܣ˽ȥ
ֻҪѪѪҺ֮һû££ѪˣҲַʹòˡ
ʱ֨һ֨Уڴߴַ֣ſ϶СһܸӦ˵
Ц±ӣץСͲһȻľϣһϽѪҺҲ֮Уһᣬȡϣһҡڡһ죬ȻЦСúܣӹԺϵˡ
԰գַǽ⿪ϵĽƣֻϹһûǿһСһڽƽ⿪һ˲䣬ƿն
ûлͷܹɳƺ磬תѵ˰֮⣬ɵĻ֮ʱͻȻͣסΣתַһ¶һ˿мû»֮УӰ
ģԼϺˣ֪мַкݺݽԼһŽѪҺպãŻɽȥ
֪Ƭ˶ã;ȻҲһЩϵħ޵ĹЩħַɷǣȻʲôý
ȡħԪ飬նǱצһ·ջҲǲ
պڳƬһط



725 Сվס
ʱɽǰּɽֻ֣ɽȴӵɽֵɫɽϸ߽ȪľïǸɽϵĺʹ˳Ų֪ǰ˺ڱ۹ڼˮɵ̡
ߣ䣬缲ӿƮƺ֮ڡ
ûþĵͼַҴߵǣᱦɱޣѴƫԭе뷨ҲΣ˭·
ڷֻȡѪҺַûк֮⣬˷ܣֻڻɽ˰㣬ԲŲ⧳ɽֻҪþʱһͿ뿪̬ǲ
ɽתһŨصĵ͹ͣ׼Ѱطúһ㡣
߳˹ȿڣǰȻʡ
ɽŶֲƴֱִһȪˮɹȿַϣٲɻ䷢һԼɵĴ³أʮߣɽɽ磬ˡ
ȪϺɫĻҿַĻ󳩣̽ˮУˮ£˭ֲ֪ŷ롭Ӵ͵̽Ȫˮ֣üôȣ̵ϴ谡
ôõһ£׼úһݣ֪ˮ¸ߵˣһϧĵطȻܽȪǴʧȤ
ʱַͻȻϸһƵڶϷĵ´ŭٸ֣ǱǱ˹ȥʹһɽͷƱŵʹ֪ȺڶĳһĿչΧ
δִﳤʮɵµףʮħᵽζͷЩħ鶯֮Һַָǿȫ¶лţӦ
ЩħȻΪߣߵҲֻǻƾ磬ȴ͵ˣȫٷˣʮ㳯ַɭɭݣӳŻӨɫ۾ëȻ
ַһͷҰǣһͷɲشʺȥ
ģǻ鷳ַһҽ߳жؿڣֻ߷бԣײһʯֻ֪ȥһͷǾѵͷҧѥϣҺûؽʱж֮ͷǲŲ˻ˣѥѶӡ֪η
ַһΪھȻһȺȳкԣ֣һ߷һͷԼħǣŻ콣ȫնɱ
ħһֻһֻ£תۼ䣬ʮͷΧħ˵ˣӵˣַվɳ֮ʱüͷһ¡
Ϊֳ֮һȺħǡ
Ⱥħڶֻ࣬һɫţҡҡ׹˸Ӱһ֧ŵӡ
ַһɱʮͷħǺһУϺޱ顣
ʱͷħ޿ͻȻ³һĳźɫĻ棬ݺն˹š
ַΪ˱£ȴӹзһŲ۵ıɫ衣
˵һкڽ͡ꡱһΪһȭͷСɫ𻨣ȼ
˻ĲѸɢ˿Χ˵Ľʮֻħ޷׷ڻ֮С
ԹԣһֶλǲַﰵһǱɫʲô챦ȻַҪһɱҲʮֻħǣҲǼ׵£ǿȴˣĹֶΣЩ˼飡
䱦ʤ̫ª˵㡣
ɫĳ֣ƺŭħȺٶȵɢĳŹţһҲá
ԹеӰ˵ƺֵҲǼһƷҲʣ࣬ڻɢͷħǵĹ󣬾ٳûڶöˣԿӲš
ǵӰƺҲַĴڣȻħǵĹ£һַڵɳŲ˹
ַľȻĿ˼ۺһתҪ·ˣڼûͼıԷͼҲûƴɱЩħǽİ˵Ȥ棬ˣȴ¼ʱġ
þУɲһİˣװ״ԼС
˭֪߳ȴһЩϤŮ˻
ˣСվסˮֻҪϳȣСŮһºлˮ˽ǡߺ֮⣬ַһ֮
ˮַһ˻δһ£¶һº󣬻ǽӻת˻ȥ
绹С
ôþУѾͷƭ϶Σˡ
ȻԷǰˣ֮ǰԼַҲѪļȵĵز
ǰʱ䣬ԭѰҴŮҪҪػڵҲһˡ



726 ּۻ
ȻĹţһ󣬻콣ǲʱĲӰӵˮ棬һĻǴս
еˮĿɿڴ
գ۵ʱ䣬ȺҪСħǾͱ׵ȫˣİ˵
ֱַŲæջ콣ߵʱ˹æ˻ɫš
ʱˮΪĹЩ԰ףԵ˼֣ӽĶˣĽ¶ȵģҴʱȫ㺹ܣɢ㣬ջ
ַһ֮£Ҳһ漴ɫͻָ
ˮҲַͻȻЦӯӯʩһ󣬽˵лλԮ֮ʹֹҪǰˣ֮£
ַѾͷȻʵ壬ȴֻ֮֮ģɹҪҪǰ£˵ϻѻҡ
ѻ㣿ˮַĻĿȻôģ֪ЦǲŪˣ֮˭ܵõ˭ΪʲôҪ㣡
СҪǻҪַɫһ΢䡣
Ұѻ㣬᲻߳Ƭɽ룿ˮʵĶַɫеŹ
УѻҺҸ߸·ַһüãˮķӦƺе㲻ԾǲԾԼȴ˵ֻһڻؾˡ
ôܣ߳Ƭɽ룬ھͷöˮַͬʱȡ˻Ҫǣһԥ֮ɫûС
һٶַգգ۾е׽͸ѾͷʲôϷѵ㶨ԼɱԴơ
룬ˮٵôҲеΪʣһ˼ɫ䣬תߣû˿֮ͣ⡣
ٶøոմħգδˮʧɫæ˲ֵѿʵǺ⣬С㻹δлľ֮أŮ˵˻ʱһĽ֮˴ʹϧ֮С
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ˮһ˻԰׵ӸӾˣҲ˲ʲôıˣڵҪɽûչˣʱʱΣա
ⶼַɵģҪ£ȫ˵ˣɱɱô䵽ⲽأھȻַԲܷݣ
ǣֽ˼ַ޶õĽԶȥ
ۿƺַʯĳûʲôãֽ֮ɫֻ˵һַԤеĻ
ˣСˣֻҪں·ϳֱӻҾͽ˫ַϡһҧŭݺݵ˵
ӱҪõģ⻰ַ¶Ц⣬ͣɵת֮ʣ¶ԥı顣
ֻҪӦСϾһö㣬һöСһȫ֮󣬾һͬ㡣ˮַƺ˵Ȥҵ˵
ȻˣֲܣԵеСˡַ˹һ˿ζ֮ɫȻ־˴ŮȻû涪¶Էʵ˼
οȶԷԭһЩС˼ڣղֻΪֶζѡ
ŮĿľѴﵽˣʨӴ󿪿ڣƶԷҲֻűˡ
ˮλŮȻҲһ㣡
ǰַؾ֮ΪԺõıӻûѡֻεĽһö͵ַУſڵˮ鸮ˮ鵤ȱٵһζˮ鵤ˮ⣬ҪϡĲϣҺʱáҪҲûʲôãɺãϻˮ鵤һö㿴Σ԰գŮɫһֻѩ׵һ죬Өɫ鵤
ʱַѲö˿ˮ鵤Ͳɫ˵һ䣺ˮ鵤ȷһ鵤ҩȴţˮ鵤û;С⣬ֻˡһ˿֮⡣
⻰ˮ΢䣬粻˺һ󣬾ȻĵЦ
СŮӲٶʲôȦˣСŮǲǻὫͻң˵˻ˮ֫һŤͦ΢΢ͦԵñ쳣ǳʣ÷



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˵أٺ٣Ҷеԥǲͷ㣬ƺǳȤĶŰЦ
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Ҫһͽ׵Ļףȴһǳѵ飬ķѵĸʱ뾫ǲɼģҲΪʲôַ԰óһ׻еԾԭ
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Ǽ̵Ҳڼһ֮²Ѻ۶ѿʱƤ˺ѣѪɽѪ⣬߹Ƕð˳
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һʹ˻Ȼ̧βԼϮļȥʱһɫĲӰڰ



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ܹ˱ȵزĺܣַ¶ˣͷϹżĳޡ
Ϻ޳𣬽ԹΪһҾɱɱһܽһô⵽ΪʲôƤİȫһѪƤһѪд˳
ٺ٣һ˶ԼҲҾûҪ˵ˣ㻹ǿȥɣѪЦͬʱӴĹѪ˹ȥ



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ƤȻܷôҵĹ˭Ҳ񲻵ģ˵ƤǷˣ㣬˭Ҳ֪ƤȻҲôҡ
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Ϲ꣬ҪҾҪѪд˰˷ĴЦ
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׳գѵڻûзȥɣѪаˡֳڡ
Ȼڼϵ仯һġꡱЩ۾ȻһƬƬһɫĻ档
쵰ߣ㡭꽻޵Ļ˱ֳں󣬼ɫ䣬ЩʲôˣͬʱҲϰһô£ҲֲǰǷݴ̬
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̧ѪͷŰеСˣ˷ë㡭㾹ȻҪҡҵȻҲùꡭζôûֻ㣬ҲҪɣһǲİ
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ǵӴȻأڵϣȫһϹӴѾһ߱ʬ塣
Ҹɣϰ̫ˣղƤһȻǡꡣַ̫Ȱ˶Լĺˡ
Աɲֻ࣬˷һ㱾Ϊ޵ĻȡƻʱԼҲֳһСںϵ档
ԱˣҲɢ걾һ壬һɢˣ֮һֵȻҲ֮ɢ˺Աʱͻ൱ʹñЧ
꣬ǿɻɢԶ°ϰ߾Ȼɵѵǰ˼˵ԸԼ˿裬ʹǻɢҲҪ֣⵹Ǵ£ַҲ벻ˡ
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˵ղϼһսһһЩϲˣֻڻûϵѣԼȥպЩϲϣԼ·ˡ
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ַ֮ʣĳͻȻʮ׹⣬ֱݴеַ
ԭһַʵһֱʹھ״̬ƿʱӾѾڿնȻɵ˫ŵأһһô֮ϡ
һЩ׹Ȼգۣ׷бַղصĲݴ֮У¶˰ؾӨ͸ʮֻޱȵı׶
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ַһָ֣ſϣһ죬ָϳһȻһӣŵ˳ȥ
ۿ⽣Ҫ棬һɫСӰͻȻƾճ֣ȻһӰ͵˱𴦣ǡñܹ˹⽣ĹΧ
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ַԼһδк˰ף̧ͷסǸƾճֵСˡ棡



733 Ϊ
Ϊʲô͵Ϯңַʵ
һԣһתЦ˼û뵽ˣǾȻôԵȻúú׽һһֱԱ߹ۿսӦúܹɣھȻսѾˣǲӦá
˵ȴͣһ˫С۾ַɨɨȥʱĵͷ̾ѡ
ַĿ⳯ԼȻ֪ϼһǴʲôͷ㰵ԺЦϼһСүԭȻûô㣬ȴƾնСүģȡԼ壬ȴԼˡ
Ȼô룬ַȴ֪ϼһѾǧϹˣȻֻʣ꣬ӦҲֶζ࣬ԼһСģ֮ǣòʮ־һЩ񶾵ͷ
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ꡱһϹ۶ɵĴֱûըѿַȫȻһڣڰе˳ȥʮԶĵطͣż档
ʱԭļ棬ȴ˫ۣŵŸղŷһС
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ַͣԱĶΪһ˼ǧϹȻַ룬̾һ֮壬ʲôѡ񣬾ǸղŵѾþȫ˵УһҲմ֮ãȻɢ
˵Щ󣬼СԼһӣַԴϹâһ㽫Լϵһˡ
ַһϴȻԼȻϲϼһʲôĿģԼʲôͼԼ޵ʲô磬ֻҪԼһϼһԼʲôɵǵġ
ڻǲòɢϼһһϾһϼһﰡԼΪַڻе㲻ʵĸоĬһ󣬵˵ѻ٣ѳ״̬ʵ󽵣Ҫкô
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쵰ѾֻֻˣȻ⣬ģҲ룬һЩʲô˵ı֮Լȥǲǳ˪



734 Ͻ
ַ֪ĵģæ˵ˣҲẦģȡ£СһȥͿˣȫõġ
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ַĵͷҲǣΣķͻϼһֻҲʮλԼһЩֲϲֻ֮£ּ̧Ǹˡ
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ǺԼĲ࣬ףҲԣһĻǿ뿪ôֻôһЩַɻż
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ʲôԭ򣿡ַ׷ʵ
ΪﵽͻϽ翱쵽Ϣ̽顮ۡܣһáۡ̽ӵлʵͱҪȥǸ硣΢Ц
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ַһͻȻˣѹ粻ҷſԼƣҲȫʵֻܻУǲǻʲôԼϢ۵Ŀ죿
ԣǴ仰˵ıʡЦǺַƨ
ϣϢĶ𣿣ַ˿ûἫƨǼһص׷ʵ
ǵȻǡ٣΢΢ҡͷ̾Ϣ
٣ٵʲô̶ȣַżѯʵ
ٵʲô̶ȣǺǣٵֻһƷһҪÿǧųһΣȻҲһЩļһڲҲܶϽϢ졣еﲻƽ
Ŷļһ˵˵ǶЩʲôĴڣַ΢΢Щѽû뵽绹Ĵڡ



735 
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ռңǺǣԼҲǺܲַϲû뵽ԼռҲһǴǱܣȴӵжϽ翱һô
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ЩԿԼ츳ܣϢˣҲȷеﲻƽ
ˣʲôǰʵ⣬һû˵ˡų˼еַͻȻ˵
Ŷ㻹ʲôû˵ģַ̧ͷüëһƣɻĿż档
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ַɫе㲻ãæˣʵϢֶΣҲֻε徳磬һͻƵϵľ磬ǾϢԶйʱʲôʲôֶΣҲ㲻۵Ŀ죬ͬԵϢҲֻܳɣͬԵϢɣʱͻᵼϢ̫ǿۿ쵽Ϣ
ŶԭƣҲûʲôأϾȵͻƵϵľ󣬾ȥǸҲһǿ˰ɣʱȻԭһΪΪҲһıˡַˣ˵ʲôͬԵϢʲô˼
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ʹǧ֮ʱȴȻϢѾǸˣÿһѾǡ
ȡȵȣҪʲôַŬʹԼǿҵƽװɵյʵ
ַ˲жϳԼԼʹǧߵĿҲʮãġ
Դǵĺ޵ĵ򣬾Ǿɱ־ܣǵǿʱУǧҪߣǲ֤ȫԷһ쾳ϲĵ



736 ջ
ַһڲɱԼ϶ΪԼǸҵӵܣԼԼҵĶԿУֶ˵룬־ܣǲһ·Ҳûˡ
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ŶԷƴĹַᣬģԼѾĻ˷һѵĿˮϲôôѰ찡
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ߣô࣬㻹˵ԼĿ𣬼ȻôִҲֲˣȥɣֻһ߱л죬˻ΪһӰӰֱӳַ˹
ϵַֻ˵ȥ󡱣㿴УһĻԻõĽӰʱգ˲Ϣ͵Լǰһַ̡ɫ˲ͣ漴ݺݵĵһ֮ʡ
Ѿɹļ棬ǵصĽӰȻ˲֮󣬺Ȼ쳹ʡ
飡
ճڣǼַǰĽĻȻͣסâһתͷһ׷߳˰Уɻĵģ㣬ʲô



737 
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΢ұ΢ͷ̧ͷֱƿڴģҪ˶Ǳ΢Ĵˣ΢㲻ˣ֮󣬷ַָǸСҴˣ
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ҾǹĿռУһΰ޴ĹƯڿУ˿
˹Լɣͨý覵Ƴɣ»֮ɢŵӫ⣬ڸԼǧɵš
һһһ๤缲۷ڵ˹·ĺʱȻͣâһԳӰΪѰַ뼫ˡ
ַЩɻĴһ£ǿտʲôûУ·غ˺ôһȻһַϵɫɵøŨ˼֡
ôûһˣ˵ֲر֮ӦΪŶ԰ַżʵ
ٺ٣ûˣǶѾȥˡҡҡͷָָϷӴĹ΢΢һЦ
˽ȥˣǻ᲻ʲô鷳ַ̧ͷһۣһ¥̨һعüͷ壬ɫ粻
ˣõʲôǿԺߣ˵꣬ҲٴλΪ򹬵ſڷȥ
Ŷʲôԭ򣿡ַʮǿķ˹ȥҲٳɵĸ˹ȥ



738 ֲ
ˣǲǵЩϲٺ٣ģЩϲǲģڿΪѰæĲɿǻѾ̽Ѱε
̽ѰΣ˼˵ıǸȵأǻʲô˵⣬ַɫ΢΢е㲻õ
ٺ٣ˣͲ֪ˣ󷨲٣ȻĴѾЩϲƳˣıҲǲЩϲȡˣһЩε󷨻أɲ˭ʵǿҵģǺǣǽġַѾе㲻ͣæһǰȫ˵ˡ
ŶȻǿǷʲôεĻˡַһƽ˵
ǣϴһȴǲ뻹ҵһʮλڣԵʱΪξرգȡ汦ǺǣҲŷѾĻһνξһҵ˵
Ȼˣǿ߰ɣѾ˵ַԥļӿٶȷ˹ȥ
ɽ˵ַŷڹʮɸߵڴϷĹ֡
ֲƾˣ߹֮ǷâϬַֻ֮΢һԼҪһصһ㡣
ַһæͷȥٿﾪ֮
ģ⹬̫ˣԼӦӦýȥˡһĹڣַһҧСĵĸż˽ȥ
һźǰһֱһͷխͨͨþӨ͸ɣֻͨɣȴߴʮɸߣ˽ȥѹ֮ǳ
ַüʶ˳ȥɫ΢΢һ䣺Ҳ٣θѰ治֪ǲǴˣ
ȴַʶһܵǽڣͱķ˻޷ȥ˵̽ˡ
ҺƳǵͨĲһַ͸һֱƵļߵ˾ͷ
ĿһУַ˿
ǰһķľ޴ãõİ֮㣬ΰ֮ͬʱȥǧˣҲԵӵڴܲͨ
֮УѾʮˣЩ˵ΪεĸߣһҲֻǻ쾳磬ǾĶУ˭Ҳûд˵ȫڸͨдš
ַ뼫ĵ֮ˣȴһҲû⣬ȫַ뼫͸Ŀ
ҲϰΪַƵһͨ˹ȥ
ͨߣ΢΢ʶ£ͺԥĿ˽ȥַѾ˽ȥҲĬĬĸȥ
һصĻر򿪣һַлأнƣŵַһֱٴ˽ʮӵظӵ
ٴεһɫС֮Уַ˶ǽϵѾЩ΢΢ѾѰˣһõһЩ
ֻǣһ̣ȴһ⽣ʮɣֱʮλ
һʱ䣬ֻáءʱСıڣ㿪ʼ
Ȼַ֮ǰİһһɫʯţʱ¡¡ı򿪡
һɳĳʪùζζùζ֮Уҩ΢֮
ˣСģ棬ܻΣˣġַһۣ˵
ַʱҲףʯ棬ʮΣգʱɫҲͷţ֪ˣԼҲСĵġ
Щùζɢַ뼫СĵĽⰵţʱһɼӿֲ֮˱ǣʱɫһ䣬ַʱһëҲǶȻ
ˣ
ַ뼫ͬʱȵˣһ˲䣬õޣΣвɲǼ˳ţͬʱٴһǰͨ档
ʱεĽռ䡰ءľըռġ
أأأأأ
һ˲䣬Сıϣǧٿףð죬ǰ֮ڣȴٴεİ
ַ뼫ĬĬϢ˽һӺ˲΢΢üٴ˽ȥ
СıǴĿĵһףַ鲻ԽĴһҪǸղԼӦһ㣬Ҳɸ˰ɡ
ҪǸղŶڱˣֻݣʵٸǿ˲䱻Եļǿ˴ˡ
С֮вĿֲַ΢΢һӦֲֻĲľ
һ˲䣬ַȻ뵽һĽۣĹ£ǻǿ߿Ҳѡ



739 
һַˣΪʲôôֲĻˣֻõľɱ󣬲ʵжǿҲûã￼ٵ
뵽⣬ַĿ˼һۡ
֮ɫַɫ䣬æǰˣԲҲ֪⴦ô󣬱ϾǰûȻһðյġ
ַ׼ȷʵҲǲ֪ᷢ飬ԼҲûʲôˣûжָˣˣεˣõĻôֲ涨ǷһЩöǻȽĶȡ˵
ˣȻ򾲣ڻǽȥıȡĺã䣬ΣСһȽȥ̽̽Ͼ˭Ҳܱ֤᲻ỹһЩֲĻأ˾ͲһðˣȷûºٽɺãһƨһֺõΪַ
ţҲãַ˵ԴԼ˼ǸʮҲҺԼʲôַĵĺܡ
һΣҲѧˣȫס˺õ˼ޣٴ˽ȥ
ȼ밵źַϸϸĴСͻȻַоһһʯϸȥ
ŷ޵ӫʯ֮ϣȻһ㱡Ĳ֪Ľϸ޷֣ǽ֮ôӲԭˡ
ַָḧһ⻬ʵؼӲ쳣¾ԼȫһҲһССĶףŵЩʯɫƬȡһ飬ǰеĹ⽣ġ
ַü˼һֿ˿Щŵӫ⣬һɫ֪ʵ벻һʲôȻļӲ
һºǾЩĽƬȡˣԺоһʲôĲգͰѴƬСĵС
ˣʲôռЩƬϵȷϡ֮ȴ޷ƳɻûȥԹˡȴǼӰַ֮ռϵĽƬǲ˵
ַôһ˵΢΢һδŵİһһϵЩƬսС
ôǷѾ̽ˣҪǿԵػǿʼжɣַЩƬʰ󣬲ûлشʻ˵
ԼǣѾûʲôΣˣȡȥɣȻַʰȡЩƬЩɻ󣬵һַĻ¶ǳͬӣĿл¶һЩ˷֮ɫ
ַ⻰ûп˵ʲôǰһͽ밵֮Уж˻ظŵĸ˰֮Уʧ
ַǰͻȻһһĴǰǸոսŻͨޱȣмһԲʮĶİɫ̨̨֮Ϸһž޴ʯʯͨƣʶĿ
Ƿʯַдϲ֪ñˡ
գַٵ̨ȥ̨󣬽ΧʯתȦͣ˽ŲͬʱҲ
ػƣƿһ죬һѴĺɫСǹ
ͷ˼Ȧ󣬾ڼһ֮£Ϊһâֱ
顱һ죬Сǹ֮һĨϹСǹȻֱӷ˻ûЧ֡
һĻַϲԽԽ˵ڵı֮
ҲһξȻ˷֮ɫ˫ָһעСǹ֮УСǹڼǰһ󣬻һɫȥ
ƣ
һͺ𣬡䡱һСǹӴ˲䣬һƿһٳķ϶ŷ϶ԽԽš࣡һҲɢˡ
ʯ̨͸¶޴ϢĶַȻֻ¶һ˿ϲɫȴ˷ܲѡ
ˡһһڿˮʯ̨ϵйâ䣬ַŴ⣬ϼһô˵ҲǻǿߣⱦҲ¶һɣ
һһϽַָõϸ˿Ͻָأƽǽʯʯַɻ
ȻַϽָʱȴǺݺݵĳһ£Ȼתۼ伫ͽܺõˣһĻַ׽ˡ
쵰ڻԼʵΪԼ˺ദʵҲôһЩ鲻׷װɡ
ȻǾ͹ֲĺˣ뵽⣬ַʱһͻȻͷеˣˣôԵ޹ʴСģ



740 
ַƳ˼һۣٸв⣬˵СĴˣ´Ҳˣˡ
ַ˵֪𣿡һ仰ַתԼĻţڿҲһۡ
βѣͷֱӣæͷ֪֪СĲӦ֪鲻ҪСİӿôСľ֪ӵôҳԾ㡣
ַĬƬ̣Ȼʵһ֪
ַͻȻתƻ⵽һϣЩȣҲҶ룬æ֪С˵²һЩϼһ۶һЩļʶЩϼһҲϲϡ
֪ͺãҲҪԴޣַ͵תż۾Ŀ֮㾹Ȼ֪ͼңζʲôпף
ַǴŭŵϢŭСķʲôСǳСһΰɡ
ַͷƫһԣ䳰ȷ㷸ʲô˵
ſڽ࣬ԶԣһᣬС˵СĲӦ̰ģ֪֮ռΪС
˾ͺãַŪһЦȻһһ٣ڿɻ뷨
æûˣСĴӽԺҲ뷨ˣСĿԱ֤Ҫ·ɵһɢ
ߣˡַһӣթ֮ͽҲˣҪ´Σݹĺˣ˵ɣƷʲô
ַѻͣһɣæСһ֪ʵʵ˵˿
ţ˵˵ַ˵ͷ˵ֽ¬ԼĿռ
ʵַһʱ󲿷ֵĿⶼͣţϽֻ֮٣ȴû뵽˼ôķӦ
ַΪʲôʮ磬һ֮н˫ɫ㹹ɣɫ˿߱ƶɣһĲ֪ƽǵ档
Щǵ㣬ϺǿͼţһȥƾղƮ֮УԵù֮
ĻַǵڶμԼǰõһǷͻԶһЩʲôȻ֮
Ĳ²⣬ӵзϢЧַǿֵξбİ
ַѾ֮Уٴ룬Ц˵ˣʵƷǻţ˵ﱦﲻĶϽġһγǰǰħڱ纣ճ޼ɡ纣еĸ֣û˸νĸֻ׷Ȱһͳ纣򣬲ħɢϲȨƣûвЩνֵħڱ纣Ժ󣬾ܵ½֮ϣʱ½ħ˵ĵ÷۴½Ǻ޲֪ħ֪֮ʲôԭħ˾Ȼͬʱŭ½ʮռң֮䱬һ춯صĴսǴξսɽСǴξս֮УÿҾȻͬʱɳ˶ľֲսÿҶʮҾʮְǶôֲݡȻħȴһ֮նɱʮǿߺʱҷ׷Ϊħ֮һʮͬڶ֣ȫϵǳսոս֮ʣͲһ㱬һĶᱦսᱦս֮֮ǰħҵĴսӪӵĿֲľǿߣȻһٶˣһٶʲôսлľǿߣҸҴƱԲᳬһʮˣһεĶᱦ֮սȻͻеľˡսƺүҲԸڶᱦսոտʼ֮ʣǶħ֮ʣȴͻȻʧˡ˭Ҳ֪ʲôԭ򣬲ѰȴɼϹһһѪȷ硭ˣҾ֪ôˡ˵󣬼ؿŵַԼй¶֮£ɱԼڣ㿪ֲҡ
ַЩ󣬿żǷĲӣкЦҪǻ˵õֻ»ɱڡ
ԼͲˣԼϵ鷳ˣ͵쳾¼һ£Ҳ࣬˾׷ɱԼѾ׷ɱϰˡ
ַȻһЦ㡭Ȼַ仰û˵꣬һɾʶˡ
¡¡طıѾǽȵ˰һٺٵЦкһźһϼһƮַǰ˳һͷݷƮں֮⣬ȫúţò



741 
ͷĳַ֣²ϣǿѹĬƬ̺ɫ˵ǲף˵ЩʲôҲֻյѣûзʲô
ٺ٣Сһ治ʵݷһ¶âַɭȻ˵һ
䡱һ촫
ҲʯһѪⱬ˿ַδе˳ĵĻ˼º󣬲һƨϣַ֮ɫ
һ˾ȴһѹ
ϹôҲˡ
ˣǧҪ˵ͨƢԹ죬ӦѪЩԨԴһðİӦˡһصĴ
İ취ôַӵһƣ岢ûʲô󰭣æϺ괫ʵ
С˲䴫ص
ַϲæʵʲô취
һϣһȡ
ַһûƨİ취ݷϼһһ֪ӦԼղһ仹û˵꣬ԼһڵĻҡ
ûиϼһǹ˼ϵı¾ǸղһѾˣٺȥϲĿɱ֣㲻ɣַе㲻õĴ
ٺ٣ˣ˵İ취Ȼȥһã͵Űɣʮ˵
ŵӣַһ˿ɶûٶʲôվһԣʶȤһﲻ
ǺѪˣǰǰߵң
Ȼ˵Ĳַ˼λη֮⡣
ǿݷ߱һźţ޷ֺԭдЦ֮ڼһʺȻֹ
ƮַʮɾʱҲ׵ͣһ±ѻȸ
ַΣ˫Ŀһ΢漴ָ
Ѫģϴĺʲô֤ݣдһǾȵ
棬뿴ǰһ߽ǡһ֪ȡһһ׳ɫ߽ǡ
һ׶೤߽ǣڷ˲
ѪˣǺϴĺˣû뵽ǧ󣬻ܼϴĺˣߣħܺиһ֣Ϊֵܣ棬ȴû뵽ǰϴ϶Ϊͻƣȥһ硣ȥϴ϶һļ£ҲѽߵС˭İĺܰһһ࣡дһ̾һ侹һᵽַ
ַԣֻ΢΢һЦһ£ûж˵ʲô֪ϺһԼ˵Щʲôġ
ȻδȺеĺ˵ʲôȿڽַ
ǰλ¼Ѫһλͬҽξֻĥһ£ֻǰѪݼߣʶһ£ԺٲĺôͻȻعַʹ˸ɫ
ǰַæһԵôݲȣ˫һȭ΢Ĵк
ѪţȻѾѪ֮£һ࣬ƾʲôܳΪѪһҪְ浽е棬ñΣںĵ˵
ֻŻ쾳磬ǰǻľ磬һҲֻܳܵġԭЦ΢䣬ͬʱﰵп಻
ַԼˣԼһ꣬ҪڱԳʲô⣬ԼҲǻ군
ϹȻƧΪһľ֣Ȼ뵽ַı죬ô࣬ʲôԵģ
ģһΪԴСģֻʶƴһ£ֻǱ˼ġƮƮ˵
һƮƮĻüƵַϡ
ַɫ΢Ӳһ£漴ָ˹ǰ֪ʶƴ΢д⣬ͻ˱ɰ׳գǲе㲻ס
ϼһȻѾȷԼ뼫Ѫ֮ˣܻǶԼǰ˵ûҵĻ˻ɣʶƴģֻϼһһڣʶǿзѰԼļɡ
ͻȻһ󷭹ţô࣬㲻ԸûʱǺţ롭ף˵ʱͻȻ̧ͷ򹬵ϷļԶȥеâ˸ϡ
ַ⣬ϼһڿʲôûʲôĪǡ



742 ݰ¶
ʱϷһԶգȻһƾճ֣Զķ
ͻȻΪһ޴ƣǻһС
ںһȵ׹˺֮У͡һһŻڴĴȼ
⾹һŲ֪Ӻδشħʯ
ʲô
ַԴɻ󲻽ʱ򣬺ͻȻʹ˺ľеâ˸â˼ϡ
ַɫ糣ȴµʲô뼫ð֮¿Ѿ¶ˡ
ǰ˻ɢ󣬷ѪеĻʯѾ˷쳣˹ϵǳѪȻὫһϢֻ֮ڡˡںǰԾǺҲǶԴɻ
ַɫ˼ţеâȴµڼɨ
ҲâĿʼƺҲڡˡϷʲô쳣ںܣ
ˣٵȥˣȥ϶ϼһ̽ʱԼ뼫ɣԼ˷ʱˣϼһڵעȫڼϣԼƴˡ
ȥɣһȡ
ַֻ˲ȡ콣ΪһӰ˹ȥ
䣡
ͬĺַȻһݺݵɣҵ˵֮ϣʱСʯĴ䡣
ַ俴ڵϷź
㡭˿̸ող̽ϣַʹɱ֣ȴַϮԼһĻŭ쵰СӣȻϮңǵ졣
˿һŭΣԼҲǻľ֣Ȼһ쾳СӸһȻûʲôˣҲԼܵġ
ַȴǶԼ侲侲侲ԼȫһҲûϼһʲô˺Ѿ˾֮ʣʱ̶пֹ
еĺ棬ղһһĲ鿴ż쳣ǻ뵽ַͻȻϮԼʱھУַһ˵֮ϡ
ʱعļҲַһٶŴˣվԭĿɿڴĿַ
СӣȻң㣬ȻðϴĺƭңһɢɣʱѾŭ£ƺĺʱһΪ˲γѰɫĹ
ֻһɫâַһɫĹâ˼

Ĺʵ̫죬Ҳ̫ˣַûеѡæһٳԼϣͬʱҲȫԼûγһۺĻֵһ
ڸЩһɲǼ䣬ַɫȻһ䣬ֻеһɿֲ֮ǹ֮дǹҾǿ˺ԣһ·ƳԼķȻ˲ֱӹַϡ

ַ·ɳһͬʱѪ磬һ£ڿзɵĹҲһУҲ٣ֻһС˵Ӱ˵˳
Ȼһϵıַٰ뼫һ˶ֻˣһеâȴתۿַ޼һۡ
һǺģĿ⣬ַͼʱһǿΣС
ѵСү겻Ҫ϶Уź־ɱ⣬ַһ֪Լ뼫ҪںǾ޿ˣģ˵ҪȡģڿɲԼС
ֻԼסջȴҲȫԹ
䣡䣡
ַԸ̾ڼ䣬ȻҵػζµȻΡΡַһΣվȣһľ촫
ַ涼һæһȴڴ֪ͨʱʧӰ٣ȡ֮˸ǽڡ
ڴϿڽ´ؾҵĲУֱѿһϸϸѷ죬͵İ׹⣬ԽԽۣȵɫâɢȥʱƾճһ
оˡСһ˿˷ܣ̵ַ
ַüͻȻһ仰Ū΢΢㶣ɻ󲻽֮ʡ
ûʱˣǰĵ·ɣͻȻӺд˳
˵仰һźȻһ磬ϷĹ˹ʱ򣬺۳һֻƣĳһӴ֮Ļ֮ӡ
ͣ
ƵͬӴ󺣣Ӵޱߣ
羪κһ㣬ռ䶼˿˿壬ЩŤ˲佫ַ뼫ˡ



743 
ַ󾪣ʱСˣͻȻâһ㶸Ȼַǰַٶȸ죬˲ȫĿеķһԱ˶
棬һοʮֵţַܶһɱ
أ
ռ䶼ݺݵһСַǰֵһɢ˹㣬ַҲݺݵĵ˳ȥ
ۣۡѪڵϣϵķѾȫĻΪɢˣ
˼֮ǰػԼҲһԱ˶ַҲһ˲䱻ˣ϶ȾѪûбһĨɱַҲ˿ˡ
ػҪˣַĪ˵һ仰йâһȻһСƿַǰƿҶ쵱͵Ǹ˵ַȡĵҺ˿УȻæ˿ڤ״̬
ʱַǰͻȻһ󲨶âһѾɢļȴٴ˳
û뵽˾ȻּƷҺѵЩ½֮ˣǰСƿ˵ɻ󣬵ǽţеΨһһΡءѾˣϣ˲ҪΣˣȻʱԼҪɢˡ
Ĺ㳡֮Уַϥڵ֮ϾˣСҲַͷ֮ϣСϷâ̲ɵڽš
˰ʱַԭϵ˿ڼȫʧˣʹԭ˵ļ޴˿Ҳֻʣ¼İ̺ۣҺȷޱȡ
ɹһظоЩ˿ڲϲַƺʮָоʱʱĴӿд
ʱһһȥСʱ󡭡
ַ۾Ȼоⱬ͵ذεضͬʱȫһ𣬼һٲѾ̵Ѫ㱻ˡ

վڰУַĺ˿Ȼ˷ȥһ۾ͿԲԶļ
˿̼ȴǴַĲ˼飬ͣƬ̺ŵˣͻƵ˻λˣ
ţû뵽ȴøˣܵȫȵַȫһžڼϸڲ˲䱻ɸɸɾѾΪǿļʱһЩ仯ǿ
ôܣһҺȻԽͻƣû°ٺ٣ˣ˷ڲͬ漣ġɻһھһƨ˹
˼Ļַֻ΢΢Цһ£ﻹǱȽϸ˵ģϾһϼһﾹһ쾳Сƨô˵ԼҲӦͷˡ
ԼֱԽַ΢΢е㾪ϲҺĹϵɣԼǷҶҲٶ£ǸЩϼһﲻ֪Ҷ˽ԼûС
㷢ˣҲӦòὫҶôɣϾҶһиĸţ
ˣطΣķģǲǿԳȥˣַ˳˼Уѯʵ
һʲô˲õĴ£ҪȻǻ쵰Բܼĸ˹ȥǺǣϹӦ֪淢ʲô°ɣַعЦЦĿżȻʵ
ǵģСûƲĻѵѾˣԥĻصƽȴβеһ˿˷ܡ
ַ⻰üͷ壬飬ϹûռͷһǹϵϹָʵΨһѡַüͷϾչ
ˣȥȡһǾȥһˣʱǲֵģһһֻܿԼˡַûжѵѯʣ˵
ãõģֻҪ˴ӦȥˣʱһУСֶӦԣַԸͬԼһȥðգϲһȻһ󱬳Լ볣һ޶
ţ߰ɣַֻǵĵһͷ֮ܳʱĴڣʱ˶Ŀǲģǵ˽ȥҲæ˽ȥ
ӹַǰһһµ룬ԼڵƬдңңԡ
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һﵺϹâʢһƬϼƣΧƶ䣬ڲϼҫ£Ʈ
ֵķз֮أǵڶ߸ϵ便ʲôô湦ЧӦܾ֪ɡ
ÿһΣһöȫøƹϷʮݣһŲôܳչĹܡ
츽УѾŲӰ࣬ޣħޣˣȵȻһЩַҲû塣
һѵһȴ˸еʮʥĹԣγһ޴Ĺ



744 ֮
һòľӹнþһϹ⣬ԵޱȣʶĿһɹɾ֮Ϲɢ
ţͬȫһʮ֮ζĸоȻûǡζʱѾζƷɢ塱ζѡ
ܵϢڳߣ׷ѵȥַ뼫Ҳһ֮Уɽһᣬֵͷˡ
ȻԽ֮Ϣ͸ܵԽԣԽԵ֮ϢУַҲԼܵһԵѹҹѹҲԽԽ
ͻȻ䣬ַͣ˽ŲӣȻܿ˿˶ֻųûע⵽뼫ͻȻվԱߵļڵطǲе֮
׵໥תġ
ַ˵ͷ˵طҲһ˿⣬Ѵ׵״̬ǻǲҪðȻǰˣ䣬Żɡ
ɫĿַһۣŵһ֣ΧĻҲᷢı仯ͨţҲûоĳֵص㣬ҾǻȥѰһµĺá
ţַ΢΢һŵѵֻҪͨŲܽô
㿴Ǳ߾֪ˣָָ꣬ǶȥЩðߡ
ַ̧ͷɨĿȥЩһһȻ·ȴתһŶӡ
µƬ߰ɣһʮΣÿγ֣ûйѰģֵʱ䣬Ҳһ˲֮תˣǱ֮ʱȶ룡԰ַָǱȥ
µƬɭ֮УĴһƬһ棬ַ͸оһ˿ɭɭĺ⣬·ħӰԹƣԽϸ۲죬ָоԽԡ
ܵŵ쾰Щܲˣӣȴû˿赲ַΪԼеָо΢΢Щ֡
Լһޱȿտŵأ
ʱӦ״̬˲صġ쳤ԴĴһۣͻȻַ˵
š˭ַ֪ûͷʱһȷ紵ʹԸоһɭɭĺ⣬в˸а֮أȷʵ֪˵ЩʲôΪˡ
˰ΣַͻȻȻʣһأͬҲһ֮أĴżĽƣʹǸ޷͸ʵΪһвԣߣա
⻰вԸҲҳڷԣֻõ˵ͷŵɭûа˿죬ȻľʢȴûκҰ޺ХûȸڣԵİıơ
ټɽֻð߽ŲҶ죬вٻ춼շУȴƫƫҪֽ̤ʵصķһǰֱӡԭʼİ취ûһ˸ðȻȥƬ֮ء
ڣ߽ɭֵڲܹϿǻԲķŹâµȴ޹⣬ɭɭ
ʱǽðߣ۾תתȥСĵĴΧĻʱʱ䱸ţһ֮ɫ
֮УԵɭµš
ٴǰ˴ԼʮͻȻһ羪װ죬ð߶ͻȻĵԺ
ʵ̫ͻȻˣ
ǰͻȻƾճһӣˮ˻Ʋɵ
ǾװȻǺˮһжôа죬֮ǰȻδŵˮڵİ˿ֱٽһ룬¡¡ͻȻ뵽С
ӣӣŶϣųˣͻȻֵĴӣð߲ûиеþ棬ϲǳš
ַʱȴȫһܣڿӳֵһ˲䣬оһĿ־塣
һȺ氡ʱͻȻַ˿˰ʱˮǱľ޴죬ͻȻʧˣַٴᵽϢš
Ϊʲô˻ѵǰֵĲӣַȻ˴𰸣̲סʵôʵʵڴڵİǲҪѰô
ӣʱȴ֮ӣֻ㹻󣬲ŻתΪ֮ӣһ仰ȴ³һı



745 ն
˵Щð߸ЩλƭȴԴһַ֪ѹе𾪣ǲǾЩðܽҲлȡ
ȷʵЩϹϷֻЩɢҲֵò˵ˣһ˿ַȻ桮֣˼壬㹻ȡԴ֮Ҳ
ģû뵽滹ܣַдߣþ֮Уǡշ˼еõܣԸ˵ҲΪЩðеƷ֮һ
ˣӴʱӦѾֹͣˣٽȥɣ˰Σַǰ˼ʮɣ֮ǰȻֳǰ
ֻǴʱĺûֱ֮ǰЩַһðߣҲûӰַӱߣ򾲾ĺˮȥʱͻȻоһΣˮѪ͸һаϢ˲
ַæջĿ⣬Ǿֹˮ˵ĸоеﲻһ㣬ȻĿҲɣףʲôŶãˮжˡ
꣬ʱˮ̶֮֮ͻȻһȺι״ħ׷ˮǵذ㣬ַ뼫£
ħȻƴСޱأȻȫۣͷ治֪ɿΪ໹ǹΪࡣ
飬ޱ޼ʵħ㣬ɫ΢䣬ͻȻСģħ㣬ޱײУﲻɣǧЩħˡ
ʵü˵ַҲ֪ħײУһȥЩħ˫ĿѪ죬¶ɭɭ⣬Ϊµһʱѿʼ³һ̣
ֵַûЩϸо˿оЩһ㡣
ЩȻϮַҲ룬ͻȻһȣ콣һжʱһȦȦνâѾﵽ˻λ磬ʵνȣǴĹʱըѪڿⲻ׹䡣
ʱͻȻеˣûǣЩѪĿǡ
棿ַͻȻ𣬽֮콣֮УŽâʱ߿֮죬㳤޾Ĵ𽫰յһƬͨ죬ǧħڿֱӱȼ˻ҽ
˶ӣеĹ㱻ˡ
ʱַŻͷż㲻˵ֹͣôôͻȻðֹ㣡԰գҲı⣬ŷû㣬ȷʵûа˿飬ȴȴЩһ
ﲻһַȴ˵лһ֮ˡ
ʱˣ쿴ųˡͻȻһָ˷ܽ
ַ̧ͷǰȥź󣬲ɵͷƤһ飬ɰǰһ׵Ĵ۵ĳźںˮ֮ϣӰӰ´¼ƺһӰڰɫĳƮ
ַЩԥǷҪǰνѵʵ̫аˣ˱ԤϣǰĻĿһ߽򣬿ھߣЩġ
ģù˼ô࣬ԥ뼫ٴδǰ
ûгϣѩ״Ŀĳţͷһߴʯ֣ţ
ѪɫĿһ˿˿˵Ϣɢ˿
ĽˣڿԿˣײӲӵĳţȻѩ׵ĺǶɵģ⵽ţţǰǺˣƺѾûѡ񣬼ȻǰΨǰˣ
ˣھȥҲЩˡƺַе뷨ͻȻѵ
ƺΪӦ֤ĻǱâһеľɫͻȻʧˣȫˣֻʣǰſɹͨУֻʱʱķĺУͷƤ÷飬⡭һ֮ã
ˣ߰ɣųˣٲߣˣַվԭزͻȻָǰַ˳ָķȥֻԶһƬ֣価ͷһĹš
Ȼû·̵ģֻǰˣӻеˣַ˼һۣ̤Ű׹Ƕɵĳǰȥѩ״ۣƽϿԿͷǹǣعǣִŹǣϸСֹǡνĿģ
ʱণһ঳Х֮״ַ뼫ʶȥ
ֻһɢаϢĹаͻȻƿˮգһӣѩ׵ĳꪣײƣȻƿն£գ֮䣬㴩ɾ룬֮ϳһɫâַ뼫˹



746 
ַȻ֪֮ϻĪΣգȴû뵽ô죬һ콣ҲǺһɳĽâǵ׽һ㡣
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һ죬ཻ֮˲չɵĲƣǿƲƹﲻ١
ַչ˲аԱߣٸֵĻᣬ콣Ȼͷ­֮ϣӴаըѪķɢȥ
ɾ˲䣬һͷаͻȻƿˮ棬Ըٶȥ
ͷɨһۣûκζֻɲʯȥֻ˶аȴаһ㣬˳ʮɱԸٶȵأűһεڲըѿţ׹䵽˺ӵףûж
ˣݿţַͷżе
СģոַԱߣͻȻɴ۾ַ󣬼
ַһһ޴ڵѸٳΣö̺Ż׵ַڴ˹УַûкˣһץͻȻչǲһ֮ʣûŲ
˽ǵ״ַµĲӰһպúһֻŴӺˮгȴ׼͵Ϯַа飬ֻ䣡һ
ǵֱֱǸаϣ̺ǿֻаź䴩˿Ӵȥصײ֮ϡ
׹֮ɷΧ棬ݣ֮ͬʱҲֻаһչգ֮䣬֮ϵİ׹Ƿ׷׵֮УһùͷɵĴʧӰ٣
ʱͨŽַ뼫ǲ֪ھǽһ˲䣬žѾʧˡ
˿ѵϿգӰö壬Ѿ壬Ȼ٣Ƕû̫ǰƺȥᡣ
ĶһЩǿߣвٵľȻһЩѾħ޻С
ֻǣ̫ңԶӰ´£ԿЩ˵ݣǿԿ϶һᱦ֮ϾҲֻöǷֻ֣ܷΪʮݣϰٹɣΪ˵õķȨһ¾ٲ˵ġ
ѵΧȻŽΣ࣬Щ嶼ûȶֵ˼
Ϊֳ֮˶֪ȡ˴˼ʵ޼һֻҪָ֣ܾ˵Ľ֣ڳЩϹ֮ȻԸһ֣ñ֮
һƬռȻɱ鲼һʱȴԵʮֵĹ졣
ַƲƲ죬һ˿Ц֮⣺Щ쵰ϼ޻Ϲۣɣ£
ˣСĿɷݽһַԳ䣬ͻȻһƴУ͸¶һ˿˿С
ŶҪʲôַе㲻⣬Լϻϼһ￴۵Ķ
֮һǼ磡Ȼش
ߣ㵱ʱ˵ԼֶӦôַ΢΢ЩŭղŹ֮ʱҪСү㣬ֻޱȣھȻҽ趫
û뵽ϼһ⣬繦ܣַ಻֮ôϼһʹá
ٺ٣С˵ˣС˵ֶεȻҲڣȻģ΢΢ЭСһҲɡٺһЦеεĻӦ
˵ɣЭַԣҲʵ
ܼ򵥣ǡʱʹǾ֪ȡһݸַ
ãʲôܣַӹ͹һɫᣬеɻ˵
ţһ;ᣬȡһɲǣĻʹô򿪴ͣͻñ赲ֻҪ´⴫;Ϳˡһμʮ֮侲˵
;᣿벻㻹ֺöľñַЦЦĿżб˼ʮ֮ˡ
;ᣬСķѾĻҲֻŪôһţҪǻУһˡﻹַ˼æ˵
ԭַԴ΢΢һƫЩɥĻصͬʱ֮Ｘ£ƺǳϲӣе㲻ʹ˼
Уһˣ;ȻϡУôܱȵֻҪǵõٺ٣ʱҪʲôƷԡ
ţãȻӵ;ľ֮Ҿͬһȥȡַȡ磬һУַϣϻƹһʧˡ



747 Կ֮
ȫַ֮æʩչв֮ϢǱȥ;һϢ磬͵ľ䣬ֲüʱԶȡôˡ
˿ѵڴæڶԵƣȻû뵽˸ð´Υ̵İϷ
ַ֪뼫ػ£͵֮棬ȴһɫֵסȥ·ڴֲµһˡ
ַֽǺް취̧ͷ˿ԼԱߵļȻϼһҪȡӦ׼ɣ
ˣ쳽˼£ַͷʾ֪ż΢΢һЦȻоһһ̧ʮָֺâţϢİֱ֮ϡ
ʱâ֯һ΢
ƽ֮ʱػֵ춯ӦڴˣʱءһַԭصһͻȻԱһЧӦʹԭƽĳ̴
ԱԵһЩѾ˼һȻ˭Ҳûע⵽ֵ΢С仯
Ƭ̺ۼ˫ѾӲ˽Уâ֮£Ȼ˫һ֣ꡱֱ˲ѿһϸĿӣַϲɫһ
ಣಣ
ַ뼫ӹһ֮¶˽ɫ֮Уٴֺϣ˿ǰǾ޴룬ַѵõ¶һ˿ϲ֮ɫ
֮ʵڲľӣɾһͨޱȣɫ̵Щ쳣
뼫͵ݽһ˲䣬ɲ֪ʱϼǧâ͸뵣ʥĹԳӯڵÿһռ䡣
ѤöĿͷףʫ续̺򻨴УһɵСҡҷ򻨹裬㡢һƮƢ
ʵĹ⻪ڻ֮仺ʥĹ絴ƻá
ʱһƮɢ˹㲻ͬڹڵĻ㣬һ˵ĸоصʡгƺӪһ޷Աʫ˲ɣһƬ顣
ּˣоԼƺеǳһƬͣһľ統С
ƺҲѣһƬˡޡݶ΢˫ۣվš
ԽԽŨңĹ⻪ҲԽԽ貣ʥһһƬ͡
Ȼһ̣һ˼鷢ˣ˵룬ϼϺΧĺĲ֣һ貶ĿĹâ
ҵĹâʮҫգǧڴ˹â½ʧȥɫʣ֮ؼΨһ
Źâĳָӷҷ֮϶ŵ㣬ʱַҲ֮ǰ״̬عֻʣǵ֮⣬һգգע
ҫ۵Ĺâȥ⻪ɳ𽥱ͣͣһ˸о񾲵ʥڡ
һ̣ת׽֮״̬Ҳ˵Ҫˣ
ʥϷϼػ룬һ侧Ө͸Ļҡҷ߲ʹâ貵Ĺ⻪Ƕ京ŵš
ʱţתڳ֮˶Ŀһδӻľٲ֮ʱֻʣĿžӨ貵ֹӶֻȭͷСʮƬӨ͸Ҷ
һȥÿһŹӶһ㣬֮ɣһ
ʱȡʱ͵ݵ·ַҲͲסֱӷڶ𣬿ǣһժһöͬʱͻȻϹһһϼֱӺַϡ
ϼȴûʲô˺ֻǽַƵֱӵ˻ĸоһɼַؿڣ˵ǵϼûʲô⧲ַȻƿ
ؿڷ·ײʲôӲĶһ㣬Ѿ෢ˡ
ģϷнƣַһ£ҲçײˣҲǣҪôȡЩһҲֻվһɵɵĴˡ
콣콣õƵǿȣ
ˣҪ³çַľٶòæֹЩһַͬʱһ͵ľʱӦһɾ޴Ϸ·һεһ㣬ס˵ȥ·
ֽǲƽģһƣҲܵ𻵡СĿ˿ܣû˭ע⵽ŵöԿֻӵԿˣȡ
԰գ֪Цȡһˮʮּܣʱ⻪תϣأ
ַԿʱ΢΢һҲȡһ뼫һģһԿ



748 ɹȡ
ַͻȻҲȡһԿû뵽˾ȻӵԿǰ˵ӵԿΪϷŪСأ˵΢죬ǰַŪӡ
ַȴûἫǴߴٵ˵βԿȡȡǾ͵뿪ʡҹζ࣬¹ʣ
˵һȣʱѳϴҲҪʼڸƻƴ֮ʣǲźȡȻܻ鷳˭֪ĻŸո˵ꡭ䡫¡¡
һ޴ıӵϴŵʯ֮һƬַ뼫ܶһ󼱾ĲʹʲôصĴС
ٺ٣ЩһһļһĻַ뼫ϲ֪ϴѾʼˡ
ʱҵľѾ֣û˭˼ˣȡ;Ѵˣʱļĸٵʱ˲伴ţæַ
нƣβժȡַ˼Ļüͷ΢
ܼ򵥣ֻҪԿԶĽ棬Ȼժѻ˵꣬ͽԿ˳ȥԿʱΪһ׹ƿնȥ
ַһ΢΢һᣬҲеԿ˳ȥ׹ڿռ֮УĿʼΧȻ۳һѳڳ׹ľԿǾԿ͵һ˲֮䣬Ȼʣһöȥ
ֻǰâһǰѾԿͣһöԱߣͻȻǴתٶԽԽ죬ԿˣͺǶƬһ㣬һͽֻһѱַС
һֻˣƬվƺڷĳı仯ռ֮Уһпʼγɣת֮䣬оȻѾɷԲֱ쵽ַ뼫ǰ
ֱʱ΢΢һЦϲɫǱԿȥڸոհԿͬʱоȻȻʼӵͻȻһϹ⣬һܽ˼УʱͬʱҲʧ
ͬ飬ȻҲַǰԼǰһ˲䣬ַֻһתһ۵Ľֱ۾һۣ鲻Խı˫ۡ
ַڶ۾ʱȴԼв֪ʱѾһö΢΢۾һپһĿ૵ó˵ģ̺ѿµĺˣ
㲻ʹãԿֲĺܣʱҲͬõļ΢вĿеһۣȻ֮ݵַǰ
ַ˼һۣĽ˹ڻʱ򣬼Ȼд뷨ַȴӣټ֪˿̸ͲʱҲֻգַܡ
ãˣϹϮˣʱͻȻɫһ䣬죬봫ϣü
ħַҲɫ䣬ʶһչͷΪһöֱӵĽ֮Уȡ֮ҵ͵Ĵ˼ѿĴС
ͣʱʱ˼
ɾڼͬʱͻȻһܻ󵨣Ȼȡ
η󱲣ѵɢ𣡡
쵰˭ڵȡ

ȻѾ˷ߵ쳣ƿշɶ֮𣬽ű췭ظɱַ뼫Ƭռ
𣿡ַ׹һ˾һ³˼ԱߣȻеʵ
ˣˣѾˡæָԼµǰɫȦ˵ϣüȻþǿߵĹǶǱɣ
ˣ˵ϻˣˣʹͰɣַһ˵깤Ļ˵飬һ֮˾ͳ˴Уע
ͬʱͷպȻ˿һɫĹţȺⱬƵнһ޴иǴ
һ¶þȻһͷʮɵķħһǷħеߡʥħַ뼫ˣͬʱɫ԰ޱȣû뵽һĶô죡
ʥħҲһۿ˴еַ뼫ͬɫ䣬Ŵе
ɵСӣ
ʥħŭ֮һ˼һſڣһŻֱǵɫĹȦȥ
ֻҪ˴󣬴Ȼʧܡ
ڷͬʱʥħһΣŭȥͼַ뼫Ĵ͡



749 ݳý
ĶȻЩˡ
ַ˶Żʮӳ俿һ⣬Զݺķʥħȴûһ˿ܵ˼
ΪѷɫĹâַ뼫һ¾С
ʥħ˷ǰʱַ뼫ڹâһģ󣬲Ӱ
ʱӱսĹţҲ׷Գ࣬Ҳ壬ÿϣǾŭһǻǿߣַ뼫ֻҪһ϶ڴˡ
öȻַ뼫ȥöκû뵽ģʱѳþٴʱǻֻΪʣöܶ˴ˡ
˭ֻҪþǲŹӵöַֻҪڱ纣ЩϹ֣Ͳַǵġ
ʱһƬɫĺϣ¼žûʲô˳֣Ҳû˿ĺ紵һжӣûκλһƬ
ɾʱĳһĺˮͻȻӺðһɳˮˮһҫâƾճˮϿգһӰڣ·һཻ硣
δȿصǺˣâο£Ȼʧһȴˮǧ״
ڰУâеӰͣĳ֣ͣʧתۼ䣬ͬ˲ưĻΪߵһ㣬󲻼ӰһĶӡ
ԶƬǧâһ˸ɢȻֳһһСӰ
һһСһں֮ϣ쳣Ĵһ£ûûʲô󣬲Ŷһӡ
һһСѵ󣬱ͳַͼ
˻ξ֮ڣʱ䣬޷ء˳Ƭˮڵķ˵
ЩϹ֣᲻Ҳ;һͳַȴûеģüͷһ˵
ĺˣ;ᴫͳصطأпܾξҲпԶ֮صط˭ʶҲûͬʱôķΧģ΢Ц˵
ͺãַһĵͷ
ˣѾŭЩϹʵû㹻ǿʱҪСĵˡ΢е㵣ǵǱ纣ֻҪЩϹһþȫТʱǾˡ
ߣѳþһЩϲģֻҪȲס򲻹ѵܲôַһΪ
˿ǧô룡΢΢ЩɫǰǿߵĶ㣬ΪǶ˼ɵۣȫʩΪȴǲͬˣ˴ʱöΪЩϹ֪۷Ҳǲڹ˼ʲôˣȫᣬʣǿȫһô
ôһ˵һֻˣַűӣüܹܲøЩϲİɣ˵գ˿ͻȻɫ˵꣬תһ浺ȥ
䵽Ϻַ˼һۣȻʶһɨȷСû˺ֱӽСһѨУȥ
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ͬʱ˫ͫҲɻַַ֪ҵôһѨʲô
ôѵ㲻ָûȤأַЦЦ˵
ַһ仰һ˵۾һӾˣͰһָ
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ҡСԴͰͿַЦԸ⣬ȻԸ⣡
ַżǧϹ¶һӣȻʧЦ־ȡһöһΪһݵУſڵָҲ֪ҪöٲŹһӦ㹻ˡţ٣ԺʹѨУϿظ壬һţ˴ġ
ԼϹõʱʥħԼɱʱǵĳҲе£ָܻӵǰʵʱлǿɱҲˡ
ַӸ˼ϹСһţæסֵؿַһۣϹǻȻַе뷨һۺͽ˶С
ʱ˿̣ⱩСүʵ̫ˣϣ϶ҪʧȻһܾҪװ˷أżǶУַа̾һɵ֮У޼ʵغˮ



750 
֪Ҫã棬ԼϾֻ˵û仹һЩصĹЧԶڼַⷽȫİġ

ʱڷͻȻһ֮סڣмĺХ֮д
ͬһ㰡ַ΢ЦڶϿţʶſС͸Ķһǽģüȴ¶һ˿ĿЦ
˿֪ԼһεȵĿضֹôݣֱΪ֮ɫ䰡
ַЩͷʹĵһͷһ۶еΣѾΪʵʣڱڣԼϿ·ȴɳʯɵһƬ
ʯĥ֮ڿڴŴĿĵâ֮ǿľ
ַǣСϿգ֪ʱһֱʮضƣǲţ֮
䣬γ©״¶ָ˶ڷԵ췣֪᲻ᾪʲôϲҪЩϲ֮ǰûɹǿɾͶˣ
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ϼһﲻʧܰɣַŶɵһƬкȻһŹֵͷ
ʱһЦַ֮Ĺͷ
ȻԽΪһ壬Ҿɴ˵е޽ʥˣҹȻûжĴǼֻʱЦԵúͿϲ֮⡣
Ǵʱַһ֪ΪΣϾЩֻһսˣ˫ĿǼޱȥ
Ŀ龰ַ΢΢һ
ǶѾ۳ʵʵѲӰȡ֮һʮ֮˶֮
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ƲϷеĵڽεȻһɾ޴ѹӽв·ѹ£һ˲·ռѹ࣬ڰеַеࡣ
ƺԼϴζɽƴϽٱѵ֮ͬ£ҲǲַͬĬĬУ֮һȻɣ֮Խأ֮ԽǴ󡣡
䣡
һ޴죬еĽƻΪһɫִ·һѴӿдһǰƣֱһͷ·ȥ·ɱħħһ㣬Ȼ뻯ȡ
ɣڶڴǾһ쳹صĴȣֱӭףͬʱſ죬Ȼһɫ磬ɲɫ׵㱻Ǿȫ˿УͬʱǾ˸
⡭Ϲʲôַ𾪿һС
˲ǣı滹ʱڵĵ绡Ĵͣͣķ΢֮
ַɫˣаԼǰūΪôãμҪ¶Լβˡֻǲ֪ϼһһֱԼкͼ
δַϸ˼ף·ǾȴѾǵ׺ַַʮɾʱֹͣǰĿַյһϡ
ãܺãĺܺãҵļƻȷûʲôĿ¶Ź֮ɫ˵
ַ⻰һһżȴһδ
ƺµʲôȻҺһ£ϾһˣһͿʱҲһЩ΢ȻһЦ˵
һַɫܲÿ
ϼһԼɲҪˣַ֮˫һʮָͣŸʽ૶
ʱһûγɵĻ껷˼ϣһ껷ѸٽǶϹĲӺϣĽġ
ٺ٣껷֮ҵһ꣬ҵ𣬺ٺ٣ûʲôõġַ껷һԼϣȴ¶֮ɫ˵
ȻжްĻһһ˸һһ껷Ȼѿһڣɢ˿Уһӣһâַ
ȻԤϣۼһĻַȴҲ΢΢һ£ûκοǵһſڣһӿڸ߿ֱӱը˼һ󣬺ɵ˶ȥ
ôܣ㲻ôɣʵҲɱ㣬ܺϵ汦ҪˣɣĻҲûж˰ɣҿԱΣǶһ£¶Ц˵



751 Сʩֶ
ַ⻰ȴɵð̾ϢһԷҪᱦɱ˵ͼԲˣ˿ǲᰲһˡ
뵽⣬ַԸ˷ѿ׷ѰʲôԭɣԸ˵ʲôϻɫһΪǿˣ˫΢΢һֳڡ顱һƺڼ𣬿һ̣䡱һ촫
͡һѪⱬ˿żδӰе˶ȥĵĻ˼º󣬼֮ɫŵ㡭㣬쵰ҵ궯ʲôֽţ
ʲôֽţǺǣûʲôֻں˼аˣַϵ΢ЦţȴǺȻ֮
ϼһ徿ǿʲôĶỵ̄Լһ괦ĻȻֻըһѪַеţԱ̲źųƷپһл𰡣
ҵ˻鼸Ҫɳˣ˼Ҫһ±ڲ֪ʲôС㲻㡱ַȻô֣ʵ̫սϹˡ
Ѹո޽ʥԵֵһ»Ա޽ʥϾǴڳʼ״̬СԼĻ̫Ļ˭˭⻹Ĳ˵
һʮֱֱַֹʵڲСһʲôֶΣȻԼУԼС
ѲɶԷһ쾳СӣһһֱڰϻĻǿߣ뷨һ֣üųˣҡҡͷ뷨Ĩȥ
ϻˣȻ飬СӣֻǴﵽ˻쾳磬ֻǱԷͻȻĻԱе㲻ˣڻץʱ䳹׽ַĨɱƾԼ޽ʥ壬ԱһӦҲܳܵס
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ַֽ֣Ҳ΢΢˿ͬʱҲһ֣黹ûꡣ
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ˣͣͣūһɣʱɫд˼ľʧֻҪūһūԸԻ̺֮ˣҲˡūõ湦ʤԸһһˣūмܶڶرūԸˡ
Խ˵ٶԽ죬¶ıҲԽؾԳūƺҲΪ˿̵Żֻк׵ľˡ
汻ŻĻɢֱɢͶ̥Ϊ˵Ļᶼûˡ
˵Щջַʹ־ԶˣѾ¶Ҫϼһ˿ҲɵȻĶ¶ֳ֮ɫ
Ҳַԥͬץסһݰ
˲ҪЩѵԺЩϹϮɱôöЩϼһҲŹģⱩ纣ûСػؗҲҪЩϹУΪȫͲӦɱСģ
ַ֣Ŀ£ɫڶ̾һһӣ
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ˣǳҿԼ̣´ΣǿɲҪĺˣַ˴ϼĻ
ǣǣūԲ´β֮٣æ˵
ţͺáףл˵ַһƽʵʲôֱ˵ɣ
ˣ⡭ԼܵĻ𣬳һᣬһַɱףæ˵ǹ£ū˺һֻ棬ʲô涼ޱȣûбﻤŪþͻԷ١ŪͲͬˣСĵһ棬Ժ֮޻Ĵ֮ʱдػȫ϶ߵ˲ϡ
ַߡһûǵͷĬĬüһӿˣ



752 һ
ıֻ֤а˳ɣǻ𣿡ַͻȻף˫ü˵
ˣ˳ɵļʲСˣϾһֻ氡־ٶǻǿҲҳԣΪȴҪȥһֻ棬˵ǱزٵģˣæȰ
˵޻Ǹ壬屾ʵΣַͻȻһüʵ
֮֮أ޻壬ٺ٣Ҫȡ飬˵ʵֻȡȻ˷ŹСģҳֵַǻæ˵
ַһϸ˵ּʵǰ˵ʲô
⡭΢ԥһ£Ӵˣס֣˵˵
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𾴾ƲԳԷƣñʲôʵĻشҵ⡣ַ̹ǡ
һʱ䣬ױַĺֶθסˣ־ļæ˵ʵﵽ󣬾Ϳֱӳȡ˵꣬ȻȡһʱڴȫܷʱܽСʱսʱʵһͷԱߣڴðǻ쵰ٵҵʱΪȥҾֱӳȡϰ߲¿еһƲл꣬Ȼô˻ҵ꽻ˣ
ŶԭֲҸղŲٿû˼ЧԭĮַڶˣǷҪüٻƭأ
⣿ᣬᣬūھ׳Լ꣬һٺæԼһ꣬Ʈַǰ
ַɫһƺԷһͽǰУֻץż֣ͻȻ׹ţָʹһϣ
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ΪַֹûŪ֮ҪϲʩطԤȷĲлٴƭԼԼɾҪ군ˣ
ǿзǵַͨһ㶼ֵģҺԼ裬ϼһﻹûǰ޽еҺýļ֮УȻԼҪϹˡ
ξõķǳ棬صͲ˵ˣܵõӳȫǿ
ָҲǳ棬ȫָû˿ۼûκθо񲢲Ĵڡ
ڽָһĿռ䣬һޱߵ棬Ӧκ壬£ȴƾճҫ۵Ĺͬ磬ռֻнֻɫһƿ룬ַֹһɫƿ˲С
ƿһ鼫ƷԲκοƳɣ⻬羵桰ҺɫСԵʮֵĿ
ҺһлܵĲԼҪǿ˻лǺ֪Ľ뼫֮а
ֻƿǶӦһЩҺ壬ɫƿеһֽɫζҺ壬ɫƿһɫҺɫƿζʮŨɫҺ壬ҺΪƿӶûƣַҲ֪ҺЩʲôЧ
Ȼɹ˼ַϣû¶ϲ֮ɫһԳͿЦ֮ɫ
Ҳѹ֣˴ξ֮УԼԱʮѪжĻԱˣԼİܼӰȻԱһֳõĹֶΣÿһ޼ַ֮˵
ڳ˼еַкȻһ˿ѹָУܲڣ񡢾ģʹ˺ܶ취һҲûܵӰ죬ȴ޷֣ô£
ʶ˲չȴûзκǿУ΢΢һӦãһΣաַڡһվɵ˲ţγһ׹Ļ֣ƮȻºɱȥ
һˣҪȥ⣬ʶչ޾ˮַٶȫﵽ˼ޡ
ιһܻӰжٹĥ


753 ʱ
һƬ嫵ĺС
ˣϸ磬˵һλп𣿻Ǹൽ׶㵽ȥˣôֻҵ
ˣ峤ȥˣҲ㣬ڽӣٺ٣峤ڣˮԳֻҪԱ߿ˡ
ܻεˮԳ˲УˮԳһһֱΪַһأںò׽һ˰ΧȦ֮УÿˮԳ˷֮
ϸ磬ȻвĺһˮԳֺǺ˵Ȼת־һȻӳַ콣һֱӴĺ
ͬʱַһ׶εĻҲһˮԳ˵ؿڣɨˮԳʬһۣߵĺޣȡŻ켶Ԫֱ뿪ˡ
ַξõǼϢȫޣ͵ϮʱˮزȻͷ켶ˮԳӦˣô˭ҲΪһֻͨδĺ޹ɡ
ȻˮԳһΧһԼȻҪƳǵİΧȦˣַİɱħɭֺһοʼˣ
磬ô˾ϼһΧŶûܷԼַҪ׷ɱʵ׵ĺܡ
һգַֻɱ˶ͷ쾳ˮԳˮԳһ巢μǽֱַӶ˿
ַգַȷһڵλãԼøҵȻ뿪
ʱ䣬ַȷһж·ߣַٴδˮһ
һַûôˣո·ȴͷһˮԳÿͷﵽ˻쾳磬һַˣ͵ϮںϣͷˮԳжͷڵˮԳַһɱԼҲ˲ˡ
ַٴγˣһַ֮ãʮֳַ֮ˡ
ŹĻַٶҲһЩԼܵʹҲࡣ
͵ϮӣȻȫϢˮУõ˸ټ
һ·ַɱ˶ʮˮԳˣд󲿷ֶǴﵽ˻쾳ˮԳַ뷨Ϊ͵ģԼɱҲûʲôãˮԳһһЩ
ھһкԶһַһˮдǧˮɽŴһ·ϺܶϵĴɽΡ׳ۣ׳ΨһźǣûкϢɪһļž
תۼȹγһƬɽͣɽȻվ߶ȿʼ½ַһϲǺǣϾҪˡ
½һġǧ׵ĺɽɽţ޴ĺˮѹʱֶַûγһ֣ܿͻָ̽һڵľλãȻһ㶣ˮƺһХм޺
ʲôںַȻǳңԶţȷںУˮԶԼ˸һ˿˿â
ѵһˮԳһ΢΢һַʱϲ⣬һǰ룬ַƮȻǰˮȥ
ǰһǳĺɽȣʯͻĴܲɽʱʱַһŭ𣬽֣Բ㣬ƺˡ
ͬʱ޺𲻾ڶâˮʣһ뺣޲
ַʶܿ쵽սȻϣʮֻΧѾΪ֮һ
ֱˮУȫѩף߳塢ף۾ͨ죬ʮͷˮԳֻΪһͷǻǡͷơֻڡһͷڡ
ˮԳ۷׹⣬ſѪڣһѪɫˮС죬˷мһһͷԼԪ飬âγһķ֣һ档
սǧ׷ΧһƬǽ壬Ƿǵʯͷ׵һӣŻûüɢѪʮˮԳʬƮܣӹɣսѾ˺ܾá
仯ˮԳ񱩣ƴƵ첲ֵѪˣҳϣʱ䣬һԪγɵķֱֵѸһ룬ܿҪ߽⡣
ַ룬ХһȥһڹֱڵˮԳ
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ʣʮͷܻˮԳ֪˵Ĺ̫ߣ⣬һѷתͷܣתۼʧӰ٣ǰ߻ˮԳʬ塣
ַ׷ȥնݳһ˵̫أò뷨
ϴ󡭡һһ׹лΪѾҡҡ׹ȫ˵־̱Ԫ黹ûջأƮߡ



754 ֮
ַæǰסһȡһƿеһҺһĿУ˵ҪϢˣʲôµȻ˵
һҺ󣬼ѵص˵ͷ͵붨ˡ
ַ붨һףип࣬ͬʱɻҲ٣ԼһֿѵһһֱˮԳһ׷ɱǿʲô׷ɱ֮ģ
ˣˣһжסַ̾һܣǰˮһƬڰ룬һߣĿ񣬽ʶŵ󣬾
ҺȻ棬ʥҩ˵ٶȼ죬һƱѾأǲʱʹ붨˹˻ϣȫָ
һַһƣüЦϴ󣬽Ҫ㼰ʱϵٺ٣үҪˣ֮죬ͲིãһЧȮ֮ͣǡ
ַЦǺǵ˵Ѿཻ໥ӦõģС£ݵᡭŶˣһѵԴϴηһֱûˮԳһ׷ɱ𣿺Ǻǣ׷ɱôãȻûҵ
ַĻһͷ΢죬˼˵ҲãЩ쵰һֱ׷ɱڣοҪˣ
ַ΢΢һЦҡͷ˵ҪˣڻǸϽ뿪ˮԳһºܿͻɱˡ
˵ַһֺˮɽȶȥһҲٶ˵ʲôæϡ
ͬʱԾ׹ȿڣںУַ΢΢ߵǰ֪ڲˮԳһ壬ⱩֻҪ΢еʵ¶ԼһΧʱ裬ȫʶ󵽼ޣΧˮһ춯
˼ӿٶȣ߾ȫˮмͬʱСرܿˮԳһΧȦķΧ
ַһεΣһЩ޻Ǻܿ͸ӦǵϢ׷ٶĺܿͷΪߵȴǽ׷ᡣ
һ·ϲк޼׷Ķ飬ԽԽ࣬塢ͷ޽βҲжڵΪ;ڼӡ
ƺƵ·׷٣ƼΪƴ󣬸˾ǣǰԶҲ޴ĺȻдǰ½ء
쵰ǰȥˡַһԼͬͣ˽Ų
ҪҺ塣ַϣȡҺֳΣһһºչ磬һѰס˵ضʱλޣһĬĬϢϢȫޡ
˼ӣַһߡ֮һӰûȷʵһɫӰӣƺûκϢˮиţ֣ٶȿò˼飬˲ܶƶǧס
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һһɫԲ԰ף˷ִһ˿Σ־һһף壺ϴЩӣ㾿ȻʲôҵҺ壬治ѣôõģ
ַ΢΢ҡͷЦƨûԺҪУһģҲһϡ
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ŶҪڣٴͷɫˮԳȥһ棬ɸңַ΢ЦĿһȡЦ
һ뵽ͷɫˮԳһ˸ϻصԴٺһЦС˵ٺ٣ͷˮԳֲ̫ˣʮҲɱĽҿɲȥ
ַͷ˵ţͷˮԳŵϢʱǿʱ˵ûȫû²ĻпһͷոմﵽˮԳǵʱ֣ԻĽ
磿ģǰôµİôȫţ±˲֪ǻƵģѵ۲̽һһɻ
ΪЩϹﻹʲôġַĻش
һ¶ȵĿ⣬ʧе㲻ңǸϲֶɣ



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ַüͷ壬ʵЩϼһΪеȫû˹żʵǳֲԶǵĶ֣ǸϽ뿪ĺá
һЦүųöϴһ˾ժ˶öǴŭˣ֪纣СǧÿγҪƽǧݡеĴ嶼ֻܸռʮݣĶҪƽֳȥŭѵϴ󵽺ãһξͲһ룬ЩôܷŹ㡭ӣЦõǰٴȥ
֪ôҵʱ治֪᲻ȥˣھͳȥҲˣ˵ζѷ͸˭ͣȻˣԼźˣһѾǰ˺ԶַҲæһ·
Ȼ֪ôַһðգ紩ڿз裬ʵʵŵϢַָҲͬʱץʱԼξеõһЩƷضһЩƷĹ÷Ҳ
ʱһعȥһ·ϵҲоգһºһַٶȷУδ£뺣ѰأǰϢŵһͰĺꡣ
һ͵ѾǰˮˣѾѼκ޵ΧˣЩһʱ̲׷ˣҵһܶʱӦþܸϵûбҪټи·ˡ
ַܶһ˵һ㶣תۼˣ΢΢һЦǺǣߣʲˣ
Ӧǽ߲Ŷԣһá֣βѣٺһЦæ
ãܱУٺ٣ǻǸϽϢһϣø·ַν˵һ·ľԱʵûкúϢһˡ
һ˵ͷһתͽһɽУڴԼ塢ʮƽףƽıȴι״ȻȻγɡ
ַһ˶޲ڣǳΣˮŪɣȻץʱϢ
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ڶ峿ΪصԼϳһԵʮֵ˷ܣҪ춨ϣѸףȻֱϷ߮ٶȿ㣬ܿγǧٶȻ
һڿڷ˰պַͻȻףĶС죿ͦԶġ
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һ죬ͣһֱһһͷ׹ͻȻӶƮ˳һˣˣ
һףţڽм³ⷽԲǧȥ̽һ£һ춯͸֪ͨҡ
׹¶ɫʲôҲû˵ֵֻһת˫ڣˮ΢һֻֻ޴ˮӿ˳
ٺ٣ͰȫˣǽȥɣһΪַٺһЦ
ţȷʵһû뵽»ģǺǣַ΢Цĵ˵ͷ޵
ٺ٣ǶôүûܹˣôܲСĵ㣡һ˵ŶڷȥַһЦҲ
붴ں󣬾һͨ˴ıڹʯͻأͨͨ︲͵޺̦ʯ䳤ɫֲʱֵСͺش󣬲һһͶϹϾվһԡ
ַһһͨ塢ףǰһǣ·ߣַɻ䣬һƮҲ࣬ұ˼£ַֻ۾һұȻһŻ
һٺһЦַ˻֣ȽŻַæϣƮ룬ʱסˡ
һޱȵĿռ䣬ѵ̫ˣռߴɣǳƽףıڹ⻬羵覣ȫǰʯ̽ɣԲεĶǶǧľʯ˸ʮɫĹ⻪õǳ
ռУһž޴İɫëƤ⣬һԵرտ⵽һĵһַͬ΢΢ɨһۣȷûͬ󣬻˽ȥ
ַϸ鿴һʵһ򵥣֮ǰˣͨԳɻ󣬺ǸԭӦòɣȣˣ



756 ʮ׷ɱ
ëƤϢһһ㶣漴ַ˼ɥ鲻ԽصԴС˵ǰˮĶҵһλͳΣ˼ҵܾңƽ˶ͳΪҾ֮ˡ
ԭˣȥͲҪˣǵĽδַ߹һ򣬵˵
šһͷ
䣡䣡ͻȻڴ죬Զ׼кǿйһ
ˣˣͷߴŰˮʮλǿƶһκ޵ײײܽҵһٱ
쵰ͷǼһ𣬾Ҵ۵үͷһڡһ´ëƤվŭ䣬ŨŨɱȫضŶڣɶ
ַæǰסһȵ侲㣬ҪȰԭɸ˵
ֹһַ˿ղܽĺޣüͷ΢壺ܹ˶ٺޣ֪ΪʲôҪκ޻æ˵һ˶ʮλǸԴ£ΪʲôҪ򡭡Ϊκ˵ʱڿַһۺȴ
ͷϵһһתͷضһúκͨзë߶µصԴ
һɱһһٵ˵վǰǱүϴʻҵʻ𣿡
κ޻ðսս޷ضݣæصͷС֪СףСĲҡ
׾ͺãһһת˵ɣͷǻ쵰ΪʲôҪ˹
κ޻Ҫµ棺ͷ˵Ѫ鹬ˮ鸮ĴѾʮʮ׷ɱ纣ͨһࡣ
ʮ׷ɱҲүǰ㹻ͣȻ߼ɱˣһһԴţתַҲ侲ڣӦô죿
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һȻַ֪Щʲôã˵ˮʮ˵죬϶Ϊûһ࣬ҿԿ϶֮以ϵͷߡڰѪĹϵУкٵйٵطǱ纣ħߣûһڴռ쵺죡
ȻˣǴ˵زܾ治ϴˡ¡ַת˼·
һ۰Ͱ͵ضų˼еַһֹӡ
Ĭһַ̧ͷ˵һŻЩһ
ʲôǽǸ׽ˣһַĻһߣȵشе
ǺǣҵȻĴ£㾡ҵĻˡַ΢΢һЦȡ磬һʾ
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ţˣɣַ˵󣬾һ˲Ƭռʧȥμ
ַ̩ɽʵҲڴģر磬ֻܱʱ״̬붨ע
䣡ַһ״̬ãһ춯صľ죬ɽҡΣʯݷأ
ʲôƨǰһһȺޣһͷͷβĺ޴´߽˴󶴣񣬺ܿ͵ַһĲڡ
쵰ôûˣͷˣǰһƬһеľ޴ռ䣬ͷĺɫ쳣ѿŭ
ʮͷι״ĺ޷ɵͷߣʧѣһͷںȿڣҲѾ֮ززΪѪ鹬ʹͣǷӦתƷ򣬼׷ȥ
һںͣ˵öԣ϶Ѿǿйȫǰ׷ˣϧˣѪһְλ˭Ҳòˣ
ͷĿ˸ĬƬ̣˵Ȼλ֮ǿܻӵĲԶҪ˷ʱ䣬λϱ׷ϣΣһҵ࣬ߣ
ڵһûͷ˵Ҳ޵漴Ե¡ɵسˣܿͻָ˵ƽ
һӺѾˣȰ಻סֱͦӣַȴͻȻ𶯣ǻûߣǱ棡



757 ȥ
һһʩչһĶܼʶӰƮڣȴСڵڸ߿֣ʱȻ򣬰һͷͷߣļȷʵȻΪ
ʣСУԼܺܵľֻҪԼַһȥͻǸΧˡ
һеǵĴϴô죿ҪЩ쵰ǿһֱغȥҪԶĴˣҪɱȥˡ
ַҡҡͷȫǻðգǼϲǺܿͻһνǺǣ
һе㲻ĴѵǲǾͲܶһֱǸɺȥҪүˡ
ַгĴǺǣǲһֱȥģϾҲȷǾ֮УһĵıǵҰռȨֻҪϼգӦþˡ
ַ˵һҲ˿ȫַȻˣȵϢһᣬʲôʱԳȥͽң
ţַ΢΢ͷ
ʱ֮ںȻֽ˴֮УڴÿһϸĲһһ΢΢еţַŵĴûµģҲģǺǡ
ҹѰںʼһ񣬸ͷɥ̾ѰȳҲ½͵㡣
ͷҧгݣĿ¶׹⣬໣໣ŭ𣬼ŭʹҡҡ׹ʯ׷¡
ںһһͷƾֳӴ磬ʲôˣ˽ƻǱ纣شɣ
ͷ˦һŻͷҡΣŲæظ¸¹ֽеߣҪǱжܻⷽĹ˼ɣǱˣͷѾѪ鹬˾ɱǻù˼ô࣬ȻûץˣҾͻϳ
ãȻˣҲһݣںһ⻰Ҳŭ죬ԼѰѾĻѰ˰죬ȴһֻýǻŭŵⶴ֮ˡ
ãһͷߴһһѾ޽ƾճ֣޽ڹʢںҲԷһ໥ײȻеĹȫ޽
޽ǧӰÿһӰ潣һģһ˰·γһ񽣡
뽣ӰཻȫǿĴͬһ磬еʯȫʵ÷ǣһ׿ʮĴӣʯĽ
䣡һ춯صľ죬ҡΣʯݷأĿ֮ǵصʯĿǽ壬һĽ
ߣӼȻѪҲԺùͷߴſĴЦԶȥ
ͷһ޽ַ͸е²ɵһһͬһεĶȥû߶Զ͵ضɽҡұڲ䡢ͨ泾
ַѪڣڻҴܣ綼ԶʧЧѪӿɤţһѿڶǿǿ¡ʮ켶۶ɵľ޽֮Ȼ춯أֳַ֮
һַһͬʩչٴδӶȻشһվſڲ쿴һᣬⲢûлͷߵ˵ӰѾ޹ֱʱ˿
عַһѾһƬشұڿѣķ϶ҡҡ׹طʯˣԭĿռ÷ǳխ
ַעĿãüͷ΢壬˵һѪһʲôְλȻЩ˷Ѱǣ
ʲôְλүģѪеЩԴ϶ˮˣһ˿ˮ˵ÿĻᳬʮȨеֱڳϻᣬһеΧҷ¿ն࣡
һôȨַһѽֲЩʲô׷ôˣ
ȻˣһСʱʱ̶֮̿ǵ˰ٱϧүûеڶȻ붪ǣŪΪΪһһһź˵
Ŷ𣬲֪Ұ㽻ȥѪЩ˻᲻Źˣַ´һ΢Ц
ų죬үģϴ㲻ôɣ㣬˵õһûܹˣҿɲŰһ񱻴һƹͻȻе
ַͷЦ׻˵ͷֶΣЩҲȲѣ
ּٻӶһһҲܶϴ㡭
˵ˣַ˵⼸ֺһԲһٶȳķ棬ѰòԶһʯȫϢһעŻ档



758 ֮
ȻƬ֮һͷɫˮԳ˴֮УڴлصٵѲӣȻã֮ʱ֮һ羪װڴ֮С
䡱һԭǷĴӲǰһ紵ĵ棬ѰʮףѲãɫˮԳŲòĵȥ
СӣǧҪһʬΣ˱һҪõ֮лصɫˮԳǰµĺݻ
ֱɫˮԳȥܾˣַһҲҳʹթֱԶʧЧ󣬶˲ŴӲ֮ȥ
ַͳѾüõһ૵ôϼһһ·׷ϵ
ôģôүǵһοһϲ񣬶ַеЦ磡ڿϣ
ַ۰Ͱ͵ؿһ˲⣬һӣбҪô˷
˷˺ܾãһƽͻȻöӵ˲Լæڵϣ쳣ص˵ϴöܷܲһңʮ֮һ͹ˣ
ַЦɣʲôһö𣬱˵ʮ֮һˣһҲУ
ͲлģǶ̰ͼ֣¶ݡһҲգĽеһ֮ɫ˵ܵӲУ
ϴ˵ҪԿժãԿƹһЩУôõ˵ԿǾԲ䵽еģһƺѴ˹ַЩֵʵ
Ǻǣ˵Ҳйô࣬ԿʵʵڵַͷҲصֱ΢Цš
ԣô𣿹δˣһͷĴЦֻҪӵԿ˵ȥժһˣ
ַȴȻǵɫŲ֮£Ҳ֪ģ֪ҿĵ伮Ҳˣȴû˿أ֮⣬ʲô;𣿡
һɿһЦŸַ͵ⲻ֣֣ʹд½伮¶޷ҵģΪһɣЩڿഫĴ˵УǾ֡˵һ˷ú׹⣬߷ϴӻԪػ꣬ʹƷʸӵľҲǴôǴ˵е챦
ؼٵģô棿ַ۾Щŵ
ģҲȷͻƾ⵹ġһٺһЦ˵ֻҪе꣬пܽľˣ浽ʱⱩ纣򻹲裡
ַʵ磬ʲôز֮һĺǿ٣
һ߽һ૵ĵܵǸ̶ȣ¾ĿΪʥˣսӦûʲô⣬ҪɱȴЩܣǶ츳ͨ
ǹϲˣһͿԴﵽʥˮƽˣǵʱҽ̤ʥʣҲ磬ַ΢΢ȡЦ
һ̾˿ΪôȻһ츳õˣû㣬쾳ܾҵļˣܴﵽˮƽҾѾ͵Цһܴﵽ߾硣
ַһ£ת۾˹ⶼǻԪػƷɣѵûбʲô취Ըı״𣿡
һ˵ͷУʹ֮ϴ꣬ҵоʹַģдﵽĳͻƻﵽһ
ԭûʲôԲֱءַţ˵ӦûаɣϾȻһӦƽģ
һַһۣȻȻ֣صĵͷϴˣǴڵġ
ַ󾪵˵ʲôȻпֱ𣿡
һͷҪǸĿȻСԿ϶ǣȷʵֱ磡
ַʵʲô壿
һ壬Ȼ߲ͨ츳һһЩѪʮ࣬ſֱ硣
֪ʮռҵϵӵû츳뵽ַҲֻпЦУҲ䵽Լҵġ١ϣΪ꣬Ԫػ޹ء
һַһۣϴ֪ʵҲͻƵ󣬾ͲͻˣһЩҲְֺޣ֪ʲôԭ𣿡



759 ˼·
ٺ٣ΪϽǿ߶࣬һЩϼһﵽûֶԼϢͻԶϽ磬ַ䳰ȷ˵
֪½ʷٰɱߣЩ㶼ǴϿģϿûУ֪֮һЩ½ϵܣǴ汲ﴫģܲ˵˵ϴ㵽ʲôˣһһеַ˵
ʲôˣٺ٣˵ˣҲţҿˣǻ룬ӦúȥδӰɣⱩ纣ǲٴȥˣַĵʲôˣǣСүǴԽˣ˵𣡡
㲻Ը˵Ǿˣںȥδӣˣһһν˵ɱ纣ôǲڶʱӳȥģ
ȻԴûʲô飬Ǿȥ֮֮أɣڵⱩ纣ΣķԼʱûַɲԸԼ䵽ԺϹϣ˵ЩϹԼ
ȥ˲䣿һ࣬ȥ磬ȴΪҪȥ˲䣿
ַһһۣп̾Լڱ纣ʮͨ½ȴʮһͨѵģԼߵǣͨǣһ˲䣬Լܵȥ
ƻˣһε˲䣬ȫûдﵽǰҪκݣһȫµݳһԵ͵ΪȻлᣬʲô޻飬ԼҲҪ跨ȡ
ԼҪһߵ͵һݱζᱦطͷԼΪͻƵ磬ʱ򣬲ʲôϹҲӦÿԺˣ
һ㻹ʲôҪ˵ַû˼̧ͷһ۰Ͱ͵ĿԼһֹӣʵ
ǸǲȾҪߣһͷе㲻˼˵ʵڰǰҾʹﵽ˻쾳Ķ壬ԴԺȴҲûһΪˣ롭Ǹ
ַ΢΢һ㶣漴˹ϴһ֮԰Ϊûܾͳϡ
ڿֻҪ΢΢һʮһܾͻͻƣһжʱҲ𼫴ĿϾ˭ǿԼʵ
ǲͣͻƵߣַ׺΢Цʵ
ţһεĵ˵ͷͬʱҲһ˿ȻĴصӣһܹˣ˲˱ص뷨Ҫ뵽硣
ַĦ°ͳƬ̣΢һʵзڶ֣һΪðɣȻˣúã
һæ˹ЦǣҪٹҲܴﵽ磬ǺǣǼˡ
һˣֵܣͱ˵ˡƵһǳЦӣַļº͵ЦһϷϽƤĵοһмҪȥˣ
˵ɣСȫԼȥ졭һٺһЦ
ôöӦûʲôˣȻĻûҪһȥ˲Qˣ뵱Ⱪ纣Ӧû˭вˣ
ԼеҪĿꡭ棬ַ̾󣬾ͼ֮ǰĿ꣬ȥѰȡ棬Ӧûʲôɣ
İɣȻСүһȥʶһĻ磬ΪԺ룬һᾡҵġһؿĵ죬Ц
Ǻǣöַ˵ͷ΢һ׹֡޽䡭ħ˵Ĵ˵ӦɣǺǣȽսڰɣԺȥĺôɣĹҲֻþţһë
ַЦһ˵ͷаɫâһͽе޽䵯һڡ
һ΢΢һ㵺󣬽űĿɿڴЩУĬĬַ޽Լڡ
׹ţһȦһƤˮ̽ۻ͵ڱ󻺻

һ˿Ѿˣǰַڣһ˵ڵļȻħ֮һ޽䣬ֱ̫Сˡ
ˬĸоȭͷȻȻǽ޵Ŀռòϵ˫ضųָϵһ׽ӣһϲЦ
Ǻǣֻǻֻ޽һЩƤëܶѣ޽䣬Ȼܹ֪Ϊħ浱ܺе֮ƵԼû˵ǰһ˲ʹһܣַҲе㾪ȵ΢Ц
ٴκһЩԼӵһЩַɫȻ޽еĴ洢ʮ棬ҵ˺棬޽佫֮ȡ
һõ޽ϲԽֿ죬Ц޽䣬ֻҪү磬ͿԱ纣裬֮£үһ˰ˡ



760 ػ
ַҡҡͷﵽ磬ȻǿΧǱ纣ĸڴ˾Ӫ̫ã϶Ҳһ򣬾һ
һϴѾһһûҵǰ͵£ǿУһһٸģ֤һʧ
һ˵ַصͷļ򣺡ӦÿУҪ뿪纣򣬱ϾһĿ̫ˣʶ׷ѰҺ֮£͵ÿˡ
ֲֶ𺳵һĬַУʱʱĺٺһЦҲʱʱĵͷ
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ַ̾˿û뵽Լմӱ纣̤½ûȥҲ䣬ıƺİϷ
Сӣĺݣٺ٣Ҫ־͹ãǶˣһݵ˹
ַתһҲ߰׳Ϊ׵һİԲ󺺡
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λӳٶŨüֻۣüмݣ֮ͻһۣ֪⻹⣬պúַɨĿһ
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ַ΢΢һЦϾƲ˻ûôͿʼڳԺҳԵʮһ˵ӡ
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ʲôַ˵ҪƭңӦֶѵġ
ĻæҡͷᣬĸƭǺҶѪɱ˵ϴȥģ˵ֻһƣֻֻһֻɱȡ񣬺ҶѪɱ˼ȻҪƣȻðĳλŵˣǱ뾫ɱˣ
ҶѪɱˣƣַĬƬ̣ȻʵǴǵģ
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׵ĹģַķУֻڻʹԺˣ֮ɭϣȴйֲ֮úҶɱ֯ɱҪɱŵ˻ôѡ
ÿһԺ䶼ǻԸǽǽɣһɵĽ¥ǽ⻤ǽͷ֮и߳ǽļľդƣǻǿֱӴϷɹȥѾǻǿҲ԰쵽
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ַɱŽһµԺ䣬һι㳡ȻһСӺ䣬ŲŵĿĵأʯ̨ʯ̨ڰʯ̨֮ϣΧ̨ׯػ
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ַͷźٺ΢Цȥ
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˾ͶŮĪǵĺ棬ʱ˳ַǻķԸ۾յ϶촦ȥ
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ַ޵ĸоайԹԣ˲ãôһŮȻԼָо
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ӢַۣǷӢжۣƽȵĶʮһͣףȻȻ¶һֶκ˶첻µزµǣʹǰֺҲͬİо
ҹһ̾ǲΪ屨𣿡
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ŵԼַסˣʱĿڶȣһɸվֱθʧҺߣȥģҪɱɱӡشȻǿ
ַЦֻСүȫڷƨˣұͷƨҲ죬٣֪һ飬ôˣǱţʲô˵Сүһʱˣ˵û㡣
ŵЦһߣƽɱôҪʲӡסɣðһһɫС
ַ΢΢ɫղֻһʣû뵽һǱţΪ͵ֻ⡶סǼʲôȻҪһǿ
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Ĵ֮⣬ڰУһλȻ壬ɺ壬ɺʵȻĴʥ壬ȴһֱ䵱˲ʦĽɫ
ƾУɺǻۡѪ˵˲乲ݻʵĴͳͬʱǵļƻ򶫡סչ
ʱ޿̲Ͽսͼ㲻Ƶ侫Ϊ˲˼ʵޱȵĻҲͬʱӮľ뾴η
ַ䵱;棬˲ʱ˲Щӱȱһҿභĸĸɹ
˲ɽɽɽֺųƾ֮ɽ˲һҲǧ֮ǰ˰ҡ
һɽ㹻һ嶨ӡ
ɽֶϡɽɽĿеʥɽֱĴʥ嶨ڴˣĴʥɽĹ֮ɺĶ֮
˵ɽ˲ΡáĻµĺڣ˴ķ׳½ûһ֮
ַʻ㳵һ·ȣߵض룬ڽ뾫صĹУܵһӭҽǧɢڹţԵ÷ǳ¡ء
ֱʱַŪҹԭǾŮҲǾĹֲλ˳ȻŮȻ񣬻ִ;۰ϮٸнҹŮ˵ݡ
ݳ꿴ȥʮ䣬÷ǳʵƤףֹ͵ƣ˫ĿһһյǺֱ
ַд⾫˶ˣŮ̫е̫Զʼɲѡ
ʱҹλʹߣҲӰӰһλ̸֮ҹϸϵܡ
һȻҲüĿ㣬ȴһ̬һʹøУŰһ·̣ͻȻ俴ӳַͻȻ˫һȻӭھ͵λ̨ƣעԵԺ·ֵƣ
ⲻٶַ΢΢Щ֪룬ΧЩ̴ҲֻǶַ¶˶ʼ֮⣬ľٶȴû¶ʲô֮ɫ
Щ̴Ӷϰ⹫үľٶֻٶĶǣ΢΢Щʧˡ
ʱǾҲͷ΢΢һۣȻһЦ֮ûʲôҲϰⱦӵ־ٶҹ˾鸮
޾ӵļӣŰýӲַǰȻַַһŪŵСֻǸˣӲУ˵Уıһ
ѩ磬ֻǸϳĳϲĽѣҲؽôһ˰ɣѵ治±˵俴ַһۣüͷпַˣԸ֮ͬС
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ȰϯѩֳַߣߵַԵСӻͦ˵ģϽ㳵ϻûˣҲֻǸ򣬵˵治°Слڳζˡ˵չЦ
һ·ԼɫԭΪ£һᣬַʵˣСֻǿȥĔ壬ּϲ̼ң˸ְλҡ
ѩһֱӴϵһҲ̫ʵ̫̹˵ɣȴ룬޲Ľ̨ˣ֮λó֤ЩһҪͷѪأ
԰գʵ֪Ͻ㲻ܿ㣬ֻǰСһֱҪϽ⣬ѸݣģһﻹԶӧȥʹߣϽ㻶ġ
ֵַѵ׷Сô
ѩǼĸ񵰣һǳ򣬱Цģﻹ֪Щʲô뺦ˣ
Ǳߵİǿ˵ʲôعͷֹ֣Щʲô
ѩǰãЦҽңγݣȻҪֱݻڹԲȳ׿ֻµܵüҽ㻶ˣ
ϲȫЯָ㣬ҹǰˡ
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ַе㲻֪Ӧ֡ٵġ飬ֵܱ̫æǫãѩ纮һ󣬳̬ý̸֮ʣ˳
ϴһ·ַ״ᵽʥصķ˾¥⾫УŮٻпַԵ÷ǳ
ڱ鲼֣෱࣬ĿϾӣ̷ַװһ·ûκξʣһΧǽߴʮɣȫʯɵĳǽڡ
ͨɲŽ룬ǰֳһأһһӴ䳡һǧľլŵһˣլ࣬ʮʱ²ι۱Щط
ʱ䳡ǧ˷ϰ˴ļУøʵĳ̶ȣ졣
ֻ볡أپʿΧۣʱ鵯ĺȲ
ַн˵㣬һΧľ΢Цʲô
ַ̿һۣݱԼ߳٣æˣС˵ˣ˭Ҫиշһޣ͵ɽΪԺսޣ
ַ֪Ǵˣߣֻһ㶼ǵͽߣС߽֣߳ÿսս޳սս޾Ļһ
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ַû뵽⾫ĶС㾹Ȼôֱʣս飬˿ֵַ㲻Ҳȥԣ̵֣Ҳܵõսˣ
ַæӦȴЦЩսֲǰèŪԼȥ׽ս棬ٰ뾫ݾҪˣ
ʹãԼѵģ̫ҡй¶ԼʵݣĿɾˡ
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784 ҹɱ
ʱб鵯ĺȲַ鲻ԽչʶֻڳһĹȦסһɴСʯ̨ʯ̨һ棬ֱֻͬսޣֱΪʨܡ
ֻͺһ˶棬ֻսܵк׼սսһֶֻҲͬʱ˶棬ַʶոת
˵ʱʱ죬ֻһӰӸ߿£ȭţֻս޴ÿѣͷս޳˵Ŀͷ͵ͷ𣬺ѱ
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ŮͣһͻȻ䳯ɨ˹ַæջʶƳ
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һΣҹˮܽأȻȥε
һΣСȻĹ񹤣絶Ƥ׻סǳЦ״ķ١̵Σ׺ʿ̤СѥĿеɶַ״۷ɫ֮¡
ŮַĿתԼ¶֮ɫһ
ַعЦСղ˵ʲôţ
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⾫طнƣʹʶܸţַֻòв̽ˡ
žһգֱҹ֮ʱŵõԼҪĽΪ̵סΪҹֻһͷΣ⾫УҲǲͬһСԺޱȡ
İ⣬صԼסϸ˼ۣ붨ڤɾʱַͻȻоΧĿƺһ˲䱻գ
һ㺮âŴȫĹȫ㼯µĺ֮ϣ
һһɱ֣һһĸ֣
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һĿĹ⻪ҺСԺֻҪַһ˾סҲھˡ
ͬʱַҲдӲŽ˲䣬ɱģĪҪ׷ɱôҿ϶˶ĸֻ֣Լ˵͵£κˣΪʲôҪɱ
⣬ɱȻֻлƶľ磬ȴַһرоԼУµⷢɱֳֵһַܵһ㡣
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룬־ܣȴҲΪһȦת˸ѸһĮ֮кޱ飬УԹԹҲ
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ٴֻཻһ죬
͵ؾཻ֮籩ͻϮȴһֵһж;СС֮ڣַ¾ˣⷿﲼ˽ƣֻĶ紵öᣬˤһء
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˭ģַ䶢ԶͬڵʵĴʥ壬벻кˣ



785 ְ
ɱȴһԲǲм˵ͻȻӹȰƶͬһһʱԽ֮ɵľ룬ƶٶȹ죬ȻһĲӰ
ŪٶȣôַȻ׿ԭأ콣ĽӰȴ˷޿ײЩӰ˹ȥϵεѪ
Լ޿ˣɱӥεضסǰַԼ٣ü⡢ֱۡزȴеѪۣҲѣһѪ
棬ַӱֱվһ˫۾ȴԾ侲ʣעɱ֣ɱв˿⣬һܾǾصľˡ
ν֣ɱѾ֪ǰνķһΪԶԼ֮ϣ֮£ĶֲԼӦģһսλٴȥ
Լȴа֮⣡
ӽ񣡲ܲȥɣ
һĪУһ˫侲۾ѪҲƺ죬ޱߵɱ⾪κ˰ӳתۼ䳤һѪַӭ
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붼һֲ˼飬Ϊû˻ַ֪˿̵ıϵ亹ѾУɱ֣ɱУΪɲǣɱִһʼͱűľġ
ɱ֣ԼڻƾַһҲֱһ̣ų֮ģһǿߵһԼˣ֪Щǿ߻ʲôС
ԭΪԼ콣ǲ֣쳾¼ͬУ޵аĴڣ󣬲ſЦ̾ԼǰҲδҹԴˡ
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ȥдͨǿߣַ֤ʧ֣
ַҲȫţһ쾳ֻ֣ҪԼһ⣬½ĻпԼֻ벻֮У˭Լ΢΢üһѪǵķӣַлһʱԶٽˡ
Ȼһ磬Իҳ˺ԺСˮС
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ַʱ˿ԭСүˮ¥̨ȵ£ҹУСүǱ޵ģûҪлھȥʵҹ̵ʲôӲˣҲ̫Σˡ
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ģַȻҹʲôʱ˵ˣۿĻᶼٵÿɶͷΣԼǰǼ£ڲףµƨʵʵھһ¡
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͵ΪҹСŮǵĹϵȴʵûЩСҿأ
ַ׹һԼĿģɿһ֪߰ɣһָǼһѳţ˵ҹСΪܸߣӵģĪҪ
ַѵǰСߵй𣿡
ֹйֱ춼УһѩӶߵ˳ҲŽСĵ㣡
ѩ綼ߣС澵ǹ׵ģԼ治òַһͣ䣬ͦسС¥ȥȻǴְģˣҲǡ
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786 һ
ˣַⲻ𣬴¥ŸݴֱԸ񣬸պһͯɷ˳档
ͬʱȻ
ַ벻ײϵķŮͯϸһ֪ŮװֲôԷȴ벻иİ¥⵱浨졣
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Դõְλȴһֵͷ޲ͳȥ
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ͯȻַĶ֣ʱ޴룬֪Դ
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ջһϣȷʤַŮ
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ַҡͷÿСǵģҴС徻ġ
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ַʱѹҪ۹۱ǱǹģҪ˵ҹǣһ磬֪ǱԸҪأ
ַȻô֪ģ˵֪Լ˵©죬æһˣ˭ҪɱСǧˣ
ҹӯӯһЦɽ꣬ˮΪߣѩĶ֪ЩԼ׷̫񣬶Щݵ
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ҹһĽЦڰ׷ʵӺĵһۣ𴺴а֣ͷβָľ䣬µûԹҹǲģɲǺõģǰˣܿĪ
ַȻˣСΪҪ߰
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ҹȻɵϣΪ˼ѽӵϢɱ֣Բ㣬ְ֮ɱ֮Ķ󡣡
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ҹЦᣬ˴㲢㣬ֻǾټΪҶֻһİ뾫ˣˡ
ַһָееʧ䣬ҹ˼ԴĦ
ҹĿ⣬ҹˣ£Ҫ˯Ѱˣ峿һһְһ˵εġ
˵Σַͳڶΰɣʧȥ˿ܱĻᣬԼҴлڵЩˣΩǡ



787 Ȩ
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Ϊ㵣ƫֲҷԡ
ȹѩ磬ߵúúлҡ
ʹַ֪ԭ£ڵȻҹһְѩȴְټ˹һְַЦá
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ѩȻһǼ米һĴָޣ˵ɣ㽵صǰ;ɰϽͲסįΪֶĶˡ
ַаЦҹ۹ôߣôܿԼ¾ԼҲַ֪ʲôĸоȴѩһˣҡͷˣСֻͬңźҶ˵˼仰˷Ź£漰Ů֮¡
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ַҲû뵽ԽŪԽˣҲüǾôģ
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˵ѩǿෳˣ˵ȥ鲻ãӦȥ£ߣھȥ£԰գַȳȥ



788 
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ѩȻַܿݵôӣͲ̸ˣݹֽʥƣ˵ÿ嶼Ǹƣǳɫȴûжٸʢƻ廢ӡҲģ˿гҿõģȴѪ׿ʨˣȻû֣һǸһɲĸо
ַ̾Ϣ˿ûϣˣ
ѩȻʧЦҶû̾ʲô֪ΪӣǼˣȨ֮ҲĴʥ壬ҲǿԲμӵģ˵һš䲻ǵ˲ĸ֣ñıңΪǿʶȨǶ̫࣬Ĵʥ֮ˣֱӲμӾμӻȨͱеĲѡ֣ſΧΧ˾ȾĴʥĴʥ壬˲ı˲ĻȨϣŷ֮ٹ̣˭ûı䡣ĴʥʤĵطԻ£ι֮ߣһɽҰܼģλΪǿͨĲ߹֮ԣ
ַ鲻ԽδҲ̫ƽ˰ɣ࿴ƾ޿ܵ£־һֵģĲ¿ɷ࣬ٵǻһеԳΪ̾޼֣ʱȨҲ޿ܡ
ѩüɫ裬̾벻˼⣬վƾһϯֵ֪Ļ־ϧʱôһ壬ҲΪָеϧ
ַʧЦǧҪҿ̫ߣֻǺһˡ˵ַͻȻͣܿ˿ǵˣôôˣ˹˵һ·ߣҲ֪ʲôʱѴ֮С
ʱѩգգ۵ǿ£ĵģ
ַɵص﷢ģ㲻᲻ط˰ɣط߻ӣº󣬿ƨˣСȴô죡
ѩȻʱ⣬֧֧һЦǲѣ㲻˭ָһ·أ£㶥鸮µݣ˭Ϊ㡣
ַЦԸˣֻϣȥ
˴ʱ߳мϣڳǵǸҵĵطͷţǣϸۣë壬ȱȽǡ
ѩַļͷεķض࣬Ϊֵ룬ֻҸֲģ·һˣµļһּ֣һǮҲʹ
ַ㲻˵ôô˰֣
ѩɵȻȻее
ַЦֻĵôӵûƼɵЩķ֣ҪǵЩƶ˼ҵǮŪغ죬ͿΥˡ
ѩӵȻǾˣ֣Ҳ˹ҵݲУ٣㿴ˣôһͷŶǺôһͷһĸӵܣ
ַѭĿȥպƳһִ߬һŮĸ첲ϿȥԱ¼ūЦŮò㣬װأѰ˼ҵĹŮʱ࣬飬ϴ
ѩ翴Ů˫Ŀһ뵽ʲôӵĺ÷ӣǰЦеأȻЯ֣
ǰһתͷƼѩ磬ֻһϷ鴤£͵ɿеŮ̶һƤ򣬹µµѩ£е繫Ӻã繫ӺãСϹۣûƼϣ
һʱ䣬޲ɵۣʲ棬ƣ˭֪һѩ磬˰أַҲ΢΢ԾӦǸһ֮ûҪѩ˾ηĪɣǰѩթġ
ѩ֣ŰִԴЦص˵ȢʮҲˣͶթɫ֮أ
æǶЩ˸ӺҽеģСġô硣
𣿡ѩЦ㾹ȻͶǾȡᣬսŮˣҼǵ㣬׼ټ顭֪ŮСôһ¡԰գָָλŮ
£ѾʪСģСȢţֻǡֻ㼸ѣСļġ



789 Զƶ
֪δ䣬ѩ緢һЦð̧ͷַݸ̾ɣЦ
ûֵܵĻôѩߵվ
ллλӣлл繫ӡĨĨϵĺˮ繫ҪҪȥ裬ҪЩʲôСһһΪ㱸á
ѩЦЦҡͷҾͲȥˣøʮΪѹѹԺٸҾͶ㴫ڽӴļһȡҪֽңʲôмá
ͷַȴĿɿڴаթôҲ̫Ŀŵ˵ɣ
˵һͨѩŵϹأóװã͸ǽû£³ӣȥɣȻȥ鿴ˣԺҪú÷ʡһ¡
æͷЦٲˣ´η繫ƼСƣֻܳҵĽҵƤж˿飬ι˵ճ˸ŵҲ˴࣬һߣƤҲ̧
ѩ俴һۣųַȥѰһĿ֣
ȵַѩԶŸ̧ͷ¼ūȴһһͣ⵹ڵأūţϹۣѩǰ棬Ҳӣƽ״Ѫ
ŭеİӣΣȥ
ʱַͻȻ̾ӣǲ̫ԵһھթͷôǮͲŻô
ѩַļЦ㲻֪˲ƴ֮޲ǽƼưٳĺ֮ˣһ֪˶ٻ£ЩһƽΪû˸ҹܣҾֻóԶƶˣұٺ٣Ǹ쵨ҲҶô
һ٣ЦЦֵٰʾֺңҲֻûڵĻᣬͲҿڣΪʥسɼô׵ôˣû󣬻䵽Уһѱ
ַ̲ס̾벻ССһ飬ȻôӣҲǵã¿ͨ͸
ٺ٣ϽʲôӣűŤԺͻѩ磬ѩɣ΢΢һЦУͻȻ۾һ̵ģջ治ͷ򡭡
ַ̧ȥֻһӣҡмɣҸһˣһŴۣͷǵͷƮƮұȴǽ𷢱۵壬Ų£ָݣ͡
ѩװŹ֣ǻӣ޲㣬Ȼ书һʱ죬Щԥ
ַ⼸˲ǣͰһƱҲ͹ˣǳ˰ɣ
˵òѩ΢΢˵ͷʩչˣھȥɣ԰գֱֱַǻ˹ȥӰһ֮䣬ûʲô𻨡
ǻãȻ֪·һѷ죬һӰ˲۲֮ӣַУСѩ綼û
ųǣǽֻǰȻͣһװӣƿһ˿ȻĿĽ⣬Щҷһ𣬻ǹĵġ
ѩһЦӺϣ˼ųӳһʻȥۼɫڣַѩҪȥʱиӵеˣˣҸϽ
ַһ΢֣ٽѩ磬ֵֻطϵȥʱֻܳһȺӣ飬ǧˣ˵磬ôڲߣǻΪ㲻أ
ʮͣһδϤС
ٺ٣羹ȻӦҪúչǣ᲻ѩӳһһССȺУŪ
ַڳϣѩ粻ЦҲһɣٺ٣ЩСȤĺˣ
ַ΢ЦͦĵģҾͲͽȥˣ
ѩĴۺĳصǸ´ҵʱڵвĺ˶Ҫ̭ÿ춼ѹ֮УҲֻЩͯаСʱҲ
뵽ΪӣΪ棬Ц죬ֻ˶ԣĳͻĹϷʱͿɶթˡ
ʵԼҲôΨһǿһľԼû塢ǣң±Ƚˡ
뵽ɿڵ䱾£ӹֻ֮ҪĿ꣬Լԭ򣬷ǷǺڰף֮壬ɶԵסˣοȥôֺ࣬ο˼̫ԼӦù˼ɵ¡



790 漣֮
ѩ˫һͷܽˡ
ͻȻһƣڰͻȻʮӰѩ翴ЩӰǸ𽫳ϵǮַЩСһ¾ˣ
Щ˰ڵأɫٲȻ
ʱѩֳ߰СǮ͸Ͻؼȥüļˣ֪ô
ЩСæڵϣ߰µţţлл磬л磡һҽУһݣежŶ
ѩ纬ЦһһӹЩŵȥҲллǵĸĸǡ⡢ζҲˣ
ʱվѩԱߵһһֻȡңָС˵ҺúŶվãÿ˶УҪҪֲֽ¡
Сֻȥ
߰ɣַ䣬ƣѩַ˿ȥСأ૲ݣ˶¶˻ĵЦݡ
ַȻѩһǼ米һĴָ޵ǵеЩСǼѾֻɰѵδ꣬ضǷǷ治֪Ǵġ
ѩַ˼΢죬̹״øУ͵ʵǶһЩ޸ĸĹ¶ҲǼǿаСУŽǼΪЩʲôĴ£ҪȻҲὫ͵˴˼ȥˡ
䣬Ҫĥǵ־ɣַȴû˵ȻѩΪĴʥӣЩ£ҲӦõģһᣬŵЩǮթģǷǨŭЩСأ
ѩµֻҪѩһ죬ÿһˣûеӸȥҵģɱЩ߹ֻȼȲĹѡ
ʱַѩ粻濴ȥô򵥣Ϊɱȫһ¶ȻֻֿȷĴԼ֮䣬ĪеԵˡ
̸Ц䣬ҹ֮ʱѻص˳ʱֵҹ֮ʣϴǵƣӵѩȽ˷ܣַڳڿĽֵߡҹš
ַһܣ˴˹ʲôƨ֣룬ҪиŮ㣬ǻ࣬ܺΰľ粻㣬ȴֲΥѩ⣬һô˵ҲԼϵӣôҲӦӸǡ
ʱǰ洫һҵѩһѣԼһԡ
ַȥֻ˳׷һԣһǰжʮĺ
ѩԵһˣݣϽ㲢˫ӣϧϽǳıѩˣȴǳĲ飬ļһûк³̵ģ˾Ȼޱȡ
ǰͣ
˴ʱһʿѩȥѩܳæ˳ȥʹĳǰ복ڵˮѩ˵˼仰󣬱ߡ
ѩüЦһɵճյģֱˮȥԶˣջĿ⣬ַЦЦû͸¶̸ݡ
ַνǻظҪȥ
ʲôѩһЦߣҴȥʶһ£Ǿ漣֮
漣ַ֮ɻܳô
ȻܣȻҴȥʲô˵ѩ΢΢ЩصֻǵطȽѽҪߣǧߵˣ
ôģַҲǺĴ𣬵˵ͷʾ֪ˡ
ѩ˳ǣһɽ֮ɽϿȥƽ棬ϸ鿴ȴ֣ᷢʵɽһ㵭ĹĻסˡ
˴ֱʵĽƣټĺܣֻ֪ɽ϶Щʲô
ѩ糶ַɽ£˴һţȴ쾳ǿɴһ㣬Ϳɿɽ֮챦ˣȻƣȻҪǿػ
ǿͻȻַѩ΢΢һعһͻȻȵأ뿪˵أ
Ϲ˹۲ǣӶʶôѩɫһŭȵҹ
ԭѩӣҵһʱû壬ֻֻʥӵܲܽ룬˵棡ǿߣѩַ̾
ѩȥַֻعͷǿһۣüͷӵȻ֪أ⿴ͳˣߡ
֪ӷģǡǿ߲˵ͷû˵꣬һɷۺɫͻȻѩ͵˳ڶǿϡ



791 ԰
ǿߴһ˹ֵĹ죬ڼ̵ʱڱ͸ڣһûüֱڵϣµļ޵ĺɫ
СҸӶ죬ͷԣ浱Ӻ۸ѩߵڵǿߣ¶ֵ⣬ΪҪܶͨĻǿ֮£ԣһס˼ңͲˡ
ּѩ˸ɴİǿҩڵأľǰ޵ѩǺֶΣ֪ʲôȻһסλǿߣ¿ɴû仹ҩ
ǺĲ֮ҴϽ͵ģϽˮǳãˮϧȫǶˣȥ󣬻֪ôϽ㽻ˡлҪ˵ͽȥɣȻǲҲֻԻǿʱٹʱͻǰӰ࣬ժȡɹʱ٣ǧҪժǶ٣ǵһҪժ͸˵ģЩľͲժ
԰գѩŶѾȫԹȥĻǿ߶һص֮С
ַȻҲ˽ȥ
źһʯʯΧнƣֻͽߣʯԼ֮һǳ徻ڡ
·ߣֻһڴʯ촦ʳĺ̷ɫ̶ˮԶԶıַеһ̹ǵĺ⣬û˿˪ļˮĹŹ֡
ַܿ콫עȫŵһÿù֮ϡ
ĺĺ̷Աߣ˸ɿݵЩֻѾ꣬ÿ϶öɬֻ͸ȴǷǳϡ١
Ҹ˿յǣЩһɫˮĻţϲĻӦ󷨡
ѩ֣Ҫȥժ˽ƣַһᣬ΢΢ü²ֻҪЩƣͻٹɣɵòʧ
Щõģѩ絭ЦЩͻȻѽһѵݵַеɫýȥ
ԭרŵժȡߣӹδһͨ˷֪ȥһ󷨣ܻܿᾪѲأǾͲˣҲѩᣬΪʮ̰Щ
֣ôʼʱ䣬ɲ࣡ѩͷЦŽĿתַãɱûŶ
Щб̰ͼַǫõժȡ󣬻ȫѩаɣ
ѩЦЦĿַҪ˵Ŷ漣֮ɹÿ꣬Žһιͨ˳һöһ꣬ǰ뾫ˣ֮೤ȴ˵̫ˣѩѵýһѣɲôԲȡģҪѣ˵Ҳժϰöϰꡣ
⡭ַеӿһû뵽ѩΪժģԼǲӦҲϲһ룬Ǵͷ
ʱͻȻͷһ裬ʯڴһۣѩҲüͷһ壬һ㣬ַԱߣ۶ڴַһһţصġ
ڴ΢Ķڽ
ٺ٣ѩ磡û뵽ô󵨣Ȼҩػ˽ɹ԰һɭɭͻȻͨ˹
ӡôˣѩһɫȻ䣬Ȼһ̧ͷڴ˵ã㾹Ȼˣֺαڹڰ
ﶼˣزʲô˼ŴͣͨӰһΣ߽һλİӣŨüһſŰ⣬ĵбһַһۣѩ޻֪˽ˣ
ߣȥ״;ȥˣӿɲŴģѩĴ˻ӡĻһɫӡµ̽ŮǱ´˵İɣ
̸ʲôˣֻҵ¼㽣澵Ϊ΢дһѣѵΪС£ĳʦﲻɣӡ۾һУɫ˵
ʲôд裡λֻǻڵΪǻλΪǼӵŮĲǿҪմָǷҾ˲ɣѩɫһð˿˿
ʱֻвϣҪƴһַǽп죡



792 з
辫壡ôңҹСϣһͷλ¸λŮˡӡ΢üͷͲں˵
ҽʲôϵ·£ӦЩ֪Ļӡôˣҵдһѩһᵽҹȴŭ
ҪҺд裿⻹˰ɣҪ֪۸ıܵܣǻƴҿɻĿʲôӡ󡣡ӡ˸
㡭ѩ⻰һ󷺺죬յ˶ԷһۣȫͻȻűһ˻ӡ
ѩ糯Լ˹ӡѩôӣҾͺдһ°ɣӰһѩڱصõһ
ѩ侪ңҲŻӡƮȥ֮
ַŻӡŵеλ˰ɣһȥҹġ㺮סɶûɣȴŵһѻˣҹĿºӡ󣬾͵Цˣ
ʱֵֽһַ˹ַһ䣬΢΢˹ȥ̧ͷȥֻһɽ֮ϣӡһʯϡ
ѩȴỌ̇̄ķԽблǧâӰˮк˳ֹȥȫĴ򷨣뻢ӡʲôһ㡣
ӡĳ£˫ֻȭץƣоٽżߣħӦѩ׵ĹƣʱַǸߡʮԶսмľԹεȫ񶯡
˻ɵԼߵݣַֻ˺˰ʮɡ
̽ͷʱֱ䡣
ѩٻӡϿմ׺նֻأӡȴֻزȴռϷ磬ѩ绹治ǻӡĶ֣йְ
ڴʱѩһŭȺͻӡƺͬʱַ΢΢һѩ粻֪ʹʲôֶΣȻûӡ˸ַϸʱǰӰƮѩЦصߡ
ʱֻӡֱ֮ϣеӡȻûѪҲѪޱȣӡɫǴһۣЦֵӵֶңѩδҲ̫СˣҪ֪ô
ѩЦʲôֶΣֻҪ㣬жҲ˵Сˣ㻢ӡҲʲôʴľӣ
ӡȻӶҵȴҲСˡ
˭֪ѩЦϣܾСҲΪźã
ӡɫ΢䣬漴ּװ㵣Ц˭ǺС㣿ĪͷɷʾԺҲиչ˼
ѩĵصСˮȸǧС㣬ǰУΪĸͽ䣬ͶˮҲ˵˭˵ֲ֡
ӡŭҺιأ
ѩĿתһۣЦ㻢ӡ˵޹أǾ޹ˡ
ӡһӹһ˿ƣ˭Ҳ֪ʱЩʲôֻǿȷʲôͷвؽһհ׵ģҹϷôãҲӦˡ
춷ѩӣֺαؽڱϣһЦңʣ²մһֻѩèƮȻ
ãʲôѩһ΢΢Щ䱸ĿһֻҹǰŻԼίߣڱȴǰĻȡ
ͷ߹ڣȣĿɨ˻ӡһۣ䵽ѩϣȻַͣɫһֳһЦݣҹôῴһ˲أ
⻰ѩĿַһۣߵԭΪٺ٣ǿЦˣǾȻΪΪͷУʵǽ˷塣
ӡĿһ˿⣬ȷΪַΪȥɱַɱû΢΢Щǹڴ˽סַѩ磬̽һַǸôˡ
ڿȫߣвԼȥɱֵ˭ɱģĪǼһﴳ˵طþ鸮ָˣ
ӡǿַߵݣԭģˣܹ񾫴ӡּĸ֡
ƫǡ쳾顷ޱȵĹŹ֮ǹ˼ֻҪ΢ΣȫﶬߣޣַʹϢܷǻĳ
ǻЩϹȻַһַûʶơ



793 Ī
ʱȴ΢ЦҹԼûвһ뿴ʱźܴķֱʱδ֪һѿ϶֪ˡ
ַаȷǸ۲ˣȻϸܶ϶һ˼飬ֲڻ·ϣһɫĴԼԭͶԼĴ⣬ԼҪʮźá
ӡһҲô࣬ҲҹûпСӣɱˣһ˰ˣʡƾ׶Ķ֣ȻͬһֻϣҲпܷ⣡
ü᲻ŭҹһһУѽַȫΪ֮ֱӽˡ
ӡ̾һһֱΪ֪ǰѪ׿ʨߵĽȻһ£Ϊȷǲ˲ģ̸¼غͽţسڣΪ۷СʲôãҪòûòҪƷûƷΪֱӵ㣬ҹȴԸС׽ҲмǣⲻҪɷҵôʵܲˣ벻ֶΣҪɱ
ѵϹ˹ۣȻСү˵˲ַдߣȴЦλϴѳ鸮ˣȥʲôƨһְ
˵гѩʹ˸ɫŵҹСû˵ֹϵǻǻؼȥɣҪΪ֥С¶ۣµˡ
ѩַһ㶼ĻӡƲϵİãɴо졣
ʹڻӡڰõĹƣ಻޼ɵĿǡ
֪ӡַ˵¶˵ĸо΢ЦҪúһƭ󵨿ͽĽɣ̶ã
㵱ֻһôѩһǰһַǰ档
ӡĿڰõѲ£ЦİӰһٶƵУֻΪСӶ淢ѩⲻ˵ھ鷳֣ǣѩһ£СӾͿɡ
ѩɫһߵ˵㻢ӡĿˣȻ˭ǿ˭ֲ֪ôϻҪˣղŻ˱һˣ
ӡĿѩϣ˫Ŀâʢŭһݣǿҹϣһֱ㣬Ī㵱Ҫ
ѩȻĺб¾;ʹһžǡ
ʱַоѩ˵⻰ʱԵ㣬ӡȫȫƿӿ濪ѩֻаķֶ
ӡָһַλѺͻĳʮУ豾˲ȡʤͷߣʲôҲûٲйصκ飬ѩб𣿡
һ㲻Ӧӽȫ֣ʱĪֻĳĺȫͬˡ
ַдѵһʶԼݣֻҲ̫˰ɣȻʶԼݣҶʮ֮ĪֻҪ̽Сү
Ȼ䣬ѩٲȻ˵ϻˣֻ֪Ǹ뾫ˣôܽӵʮС
ӡձ΢Ц뻤ˣǾͲùҲˣ
ѩЦӺ¹㣬Щʲôèƨʽӻ֪ô
ӡĿŭݣӦǾˣ԰աϣƿնὣǰƱޱȣٿ̤ǰ˽ɭʱȫ
ֻǰӿؽӰܣƿ֮澪ޱȡ
ѩ¶ɫһ£óǧٲӰƵ˻ӡȥˡ
ͬʱѩͷҲͻȻðһ潣ߣܺһǧâŭ˰ӡӿȥǲĽַ
ʼʩӡһЦӳһɨڽӰΧ
һװ죬ƬƬ飬Žз
һʧܣѩ紥˰벽΢ӳһʮɳĽâ˻ӡ
齣⣬ٺ٣ϧ򣡡âӡ˫һӣɢâ׷
֪ˣѩһ࣬ٴηƣһѸȣ˲䣬ΧŻӡһȦâĵĻ˹ȥ
Ȼڳ֮ˣ֪ѩʵϻӡǻӡĴ˼ɵ£ʵҲ΢Щۿۣѩȴȫֵ̬һܾ˵Ĵ򷨡



794 
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ڶԷ£ˣҪڶʱڻܶԷȷ̸ס
ѩٴηУӡ׼Լλã΢΢תһ£ӦһƵȣ΢֮һŭһ˫־£ײڽԣʱиɻ
ƣѩѸޱȵĽâʱ֪齣ˣȴӡһָڽ⴦Ϲâһ
ѩؿ꣬ѪҺϰϳ˹Ӽ˹ǿȥԷ澢ɫ˲
ӡûг׷ٸЦʹ齣⣬һ֮ѩȴԶˣŭһб㹦ʹûˣѩҪǿ֣ĳ֤һ˼źá
ѩؿڲף֪ʢ֮ʿӡݺ˲䣬ųһ֣ȷʵѧ˵֮
Ҫʹ䣬ַȥοϸģַһʵĸоԼҲ˵ôһ£˵Ϊӣ֮ˣ޲ǿķ֮ƽȻȺɶӣȴЩѡ
ЩݲˣҪǰķУСˣҪ˵սսС֮һûһѣˣžǻӡõҲˡ
ͻȻһַȷǴĵΪѣΪַϣˣҲ϶ûжֶҲָо壬˵
һӡӦԲˣټϻһҲַİãַ죬ͿɱˣѩްѪɫǵַǰ
ӡַҪǳ֣Լ֣
ַ˰뻢ӡһۣЦЦȴ͸һ׳ҵζͻȻȵʿɱ裬ֻǸ뾫壬Ҳ
ѩ磬ַݵллЩСӵάˡСӲܻرˡ
ַ˵һ¶ϣѩҪʲôͻȻȣҪ
ַﻹԥѩǰԾȥ
ѩȥץ֮ʱȴ˿ա
ַֻ·ѸɴСֻ֮٣жߣ׹ƣ˻ǿߣǻǿߣҲǾ޻ĿܣѩļУһԾҪȥסַ
ֻǰӰһѩ΢ЦȻСɱֺαٶˣ˺񲻽Դϲ
¿ûвַѩѰղַʱʵŰãһһٵÿޱȣǶŭ
ɾʱֻ飡һµĴ֮ˣȴȻַ֪ڿ֮ʣһľȥŪ죬ɽĴҵ֦ҶïܣЩСȻûǵ֮ڡ
ѩַֻˤ÷ǣͻȻ췢һХ͸һɽϧͱʹ
ԼҪɹ԰ժȡɹԸÿػľ鸮ڣֻҪھ鸮žûַ֪ܺ˴˿̣ԼѰַһѣѼ΢飬Ժ
ѩٿ̧ͷתƲַѪģӣ䶢ŻõǶҪˣ԰գͻȻȻѴ߶ʯٵʾ
һĻ뻢ӡѹ໥һۣһ˿Ȼѩ緢ĽУʱѩȻǱɣͶֲ˺ãѩಫ£ǾͲҲˡ
Ҳѩ䶯ƣ̲סѩ磬ôѵʥսֺɵúúһ£
Ҫ泡ģ˵ҪᣬһҪѩҧгݵ˵仰´˻ַ֮ʬ壬ѩɫˣǿҹ
԰ԾԵ½ȥַȻѾˣôҲӣЩ޵Ŀڸ֮УԼôҲӦҵʬ壬Ȼ
û뵽ֻǴַһΣȻѩǻں޲ѣԼ֪ΪʲôὫַ꿴أ



795 ջˮ
ʱַѳɹ䵽µףʶһչҵһͷޣȻɱȡѪһЩ֦ҶһЩ䵽˲ݴڣ·ۣϳһѪ·Ѫ⡢ͷαһģһ
ŲܣȻ׷ЩѪ֮УԼѪϢ㽫֮߷ĿЧ
ɾʱƴַ΢΢һͷѴ˳ϵѪһ·ַαͷתۼ䣬˸ɾ
ַüУѩʱµףʮͷѪ߰ߵĲݴԴ׷ЩǻѪǣŭַֻʬȺˣ˹ȥȺù޳
ػأͼâͽЩȫʬʱ⴦طĴѪϸ⡢йǣǻֱó˻޵ġ
ʱ뻢ӡҲһǰһĿѪɫǣ΢΢һ룬ôһˣַʬǶûסѩһŭ֮£Щַʬǵȫˡ
ж¶һ˿ĪЦ⣬ߵѩǰõһۣ΢Цܸ˵ֻǸūɲ
ѩʧȻҿܻǺڵѪȾĲݵأѩûĸоԼкʧȥʲô
ߣһúþһɣӡ俴һۣȥˣõĿкһҡҡŻӡ֮һȥˡ
ѩľãȻǰþöȻ
ʱַһô֮ϣԶѩ磬ͻȻӿһΣ˼˴ȴѩ磬ټ񿴵ѩΪġѹдԼ̫Сˡ
뷨չʶӡö뿪ͻȻһһչԾѩǰ
ѩͻһӰ˹ΪǻӡȴŭɵĿӰһַʱ𣬴ڵŵĿɿڴ
ַһЦȭѹСˣ
˶һѩһ۽ۣ΢΢һЦֹǷǷ֮ˣҾ˵ˣô׵
ַЦӹˣ
ҪӣǿѩˣѩװõҺÿ࣡㾹ȻΪΪʲôҪ»ӡǣ
ַűӣεұͲ֮Уһֻթȴ벻ѩôȻΪңʥսˣղ㣬Բһġҵѣּ޵ƵģŻԼ¶ǧ߱ˣҾд鷳ˡ
ѩ绹˭ͨʱ˭ôп㣡
ַһѾʵˡ
ѩȻ㵱ĳѣҲ֪ĳҾͷƼפ鸮䳤ϣ巴ǿߣһҲࡣֻҪԸıһò󣬽ߵƣų⣬Բˣ뵽ȥǸַ̹˵ƾòΣð侫ˣҲûܿ
˾лˣַȻһЦ
ѩ΢Цҿûӡȵĳֱ̫ˣʵ̲ס쵰ɣȻ㶨Ȼ¶ʵģʲôҪ٣˵ӺͿһˡ
ַʵҲ˼ǿ֮ˣ̵£̶ȣǺܲˣһᣬֺݺݽѵ쵰һֻҪҵõĻֲС
ѩϲ׵úܣҸʵĳϣһչ֣޲ÿӡһı飬ҪӡͰ⣬ҪСĶƣһȴһŽܣ㶼Ŀˡ
ַѩļ򣬺Цֲ㣬Ҫγ֣Ҫǰ뻢ӡ̫ˣֻͨˣǻڣ˵ĳҲ̫ˣ
ѩĿַһۣŵ˵ҽûао
⡭ַֻƿڣ˭Ҫҹˣ¾ĴʦҲΪȥףԼһѪӺҪģ˵Լš
ѩЦЦĿַ˵Ĭ˰ɣٺ٣˵Ҳʵ㣬Ȼڻûе֣ͽΪĽǰӽˣ󲿷ֶɱġǻӡãҪǱʵǿټһ£ƶˣҲǻӡΪʲôԶƼɵԭ㣬ѽɱ֮ڣҲ˵Ҫ
ַݺݵ㻹Ǻջˮ˭մã֪ˣðѽСҲϣҲֶˡ



796 ס
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ѩԽ˵ԽɷģĪЦЦŵĳ֣߶ȻܣȻթɹ¸ȥֻаڹǲѸײڶַһһγ
ַףѩǳĽ㣬ۼҹĲ죬ǼѰ֮ˣԸԷҹеˣ𱰣
ѩ¶һЦݣ԰áӡΪ׵һȺˣŪýôģߣҪ֮أʼйͷڶ
ַñѩԼȻԴĵˣȴҲĺ֮һ룬Ǹ˳˵磬˭˭ҪԿ
ѩһֱɫ״ǸȻ֪Ӣ˵ãǲѣʩıֻǳʱƣ㲻ˣ˾㣬кܶҶȴԲΪ֮԰ճ̾һ
ѩҺңΪŶȻҪáӡ֮£Ȼһԣ㲻ǵƶһƴ֮ο֣һһٰáӡĺӵͷˡ
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ѩ绹Ϊڵİõ˵£Ȼȣ˵ժɹģȻ޹ȥȥ԰գԾɽ
ַ죬һ£ѩ㷵˻һﾹȻһڿժǧöɹཫɹժ˸⣬仰˵ɹıҲֻоǾҺȣ档
ûȫժ⣬Ǵˣһһ룬ַƽ׵ٶöɹȴֻ֪ͨ˳˾ôһܣѩ罫Щɹͨһʱ΢΢Щ
˻ǲܱȣЩͨһҲܵõȴѩС̣
ַ룬ȴû˵ʲôѩķص˾鸮
صкѩַٽ̸һ󣬲ŸԷֻطصԼСԺ֮ʱֻλѾλѾȫ߽ͬһλķ飬޵ѾЦ˵ﲻʺϹӾסҪƾԺ
ַ΢΢һ·ɡ
λѾǰ·һ·ȥֲľȻһɸûʵơ
ַĬЦֲͬˣŮ䣬һСڡ
ߵڵ鷿ֻ鷿ڲǧᣬøޱȣһŰ޽УıɽˮֻҵĿǵƷ
λѾˮϴˢͷ£ЩδŮ˷̵ַ̹ͷת򣬺òڣֲƴǣ
ͣŮ˳ȥ
һλŮߣ߶⼸ŮҹСյ飬ܲˣ˵ˡ
һλ̾ϢӦ˵Ϊ̵أСϢ̸˺ˣǳʹˣŻʧİ٣
СѾͷôҪ£ô֪ǲǡ
ַͷһ¶Ĭ˰ΣаѵҹԼ˼߰áӡ˲˼棬Լʹº֣ţܻǺ߾Ӷ࣡ΪַԼ֪ʲôطֵеġ
ѩȻѣȻԼδϢϽ㶼û˵
ͣͻȻһŮҪӡ



797 
ѩ罫Լݣ˵ˣ£ַҪݼеԥӱܣֻӲͷƤȥӦˡ
СԺȣͨ鸮´ұͨھľңЩڴɽסһ㡣
λѾǰ·۶ϣÿʮұһߵڶжϣһɸߡɿƷж̣Ʒʯɣĸ֡ڸ
Ʒʯףʯ׹ʮðɫʯɣɴ˴ɽѸߣϼ˼䣬ɼ֮˵ʯףһΰĽ
ʱǻƻ裬ĺԣʮּžһҲĽƮȻˬöޱȣַһ˿˿Ρ֮С
ַ֪ҹˣֻ֪ΪУ͸¶һ˿֮⣬Ȿҹĵ֣ʱȴЩʧζˣͣ²ӣϸϸؾȾ̾Ϣһ
λѾ״һٵѾǰӿҪȥҹС㣿
ַһ֮£ʧ˭
һѾʫŮСġ㺮סʧЩСÿ쵽ôˣȴһϢҲûУȴƽЩһˡ
ַ˵Īʵ£ô
ǰкüˣÿι˼գһЩΪǵĹӸԶͻСҲͲΪ⣬ȫˣٳѿ쵽ˣС׿ڴӦϵ٣δأСֽأ
ҪԶزˣСһ룬ַ΢΢̽
⻰ЩŮ΢ףŵӦòܰɣ㺮סСһûˣֻµҪѹˣ
ַױһ£ȴ֪ǵزˣŻѪĴ˸֮һ棬ִ֮󣬿֪ԼҪҪˡ
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վﲻǲȥС㣡һŮҪҪ·
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λѾԼͬЦл¶ʧҲȰ˵ˣתȥ
ЩŮЦַͻȻˣЩѾͷԼԼݣֻѩ֪ЩŮȴΪԼֻһͼİ뾫ߡ
ֻ̺ͷֲҲӣҹŮǳİԵᣬѹЩѾͷôϣԼȥҹԭ롰赶ɱˡԼܡ
΢գҲûҪЩµСѾͷƽʲôҲֻһʱ߶ѣ⾫鸮УŮˣ޲ǾƵĴȴзַôһƵСǵȻԹˡ
ٸ˰ɺһСƷַ룺žˣ
ʯףһΡĽһɫשɣʽĸһۿȥǧ
λѾߵ˵ر㲻ˣַҪΪβˣǱλװֲһѾűɴչһɴ
һŮӣǾӭӹ͵ӭɴūƢڴ˵Ⱥ빫̤ɴȥ
ַ΢΢һЦ̤ɴϣƫλٿľַǵһ˽Ĵ
ֻͷĸ߹ǶʮŴСɫԡ
ϯϣϵĻɫ۲һſŹʶĿ飬ݻϵĴӹâ˸Ƭӳͷųʹ޻ʿֻǡ
ԴǸƽ̨̨ʮʿԣǰʮǻǿߣȴǻǿߣСֻƣѹĺɥ
ַ΢΢ߵʱ̣ϸ۵˿Ŀ⣬ַϣ˺һߵΪһֱԼߵݣ˵ƣҲһ֣Ƿֻյþ磬ûʵ
ַΪ֮Ȼ
վھԱߵѩҪԣͻȻһ



798 °
һҪѩ죬üͷõáӡǲɶõ˲ţ壬Ҿ࣬رҹǣһʾּһսһ磬顣
ַаԼҪȶʹǲóһҵıֻ¾ͻ֮˷ݣʱͿɲˣʹЩУظǰõ˵Ķ֡
뵽ȴϰɱ֮д֮Ϸɡ
Цкηֱ𡣡
ַʱ⾫ԣУҲΪϵȻƿػȨǾ壬ȴǰľӦһߣԼǰʮڱеĵλ
ͨһ㣬ɰȻɱ֮伫ֶΣõأд裬ֻǿ˭ʽƯÿϷսһ¡
ɫԻδ⣬һһֵܲܽɱҵ¿֪ȷʵأ
ַоһ㲻õغţ΢΢һЦ˼ȶдұеĶƴһȴܹ涨ʲôʤս֮أҪָκ˹ۿ
һᣬٿЦȤĺӣһֱƣΪҾһӣãҾһᣬܵǰܶƣұΪط
طһԼҪ˲ˣʱԼݣؾû˻ỳˣԼҪʱҲǺܳãֻҪ֮ǰ˷ͳˣַϲ°ݣ⣺ҲѶƴñ趼ʶַԺ㵹תд
ѩһۣĻϲĴ󲻽⡣
ѵԼʤ޵еĶӡöǵӲɫ
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һĻǿߵֲڽϹŮˣر˼椶㣬Ҫ֪˶ɲܱġ
⻰ַеΣɿһ
ʱһӶʮ˵ʿӭͷԼʮʿֺ׳˶ȴܲʨƣһ֪ʨˣ˫Ŀѩʱʱâ˷ܡ
ѩˣַǶƵĶܣ°ԣΪ˺¶ݣΪҲ˵ã뻢ӡ⣬˶⣬Ҳʨһ
ַ⣺ԭǹԣԼûˣ룬˾Ͳˣʱ°ǰȥ·ɢ·Ľͨضˡ
ѩ°ԣʲô˼
°һһƥѪѩԣһƳַһۣڵĺܣĪǾ鸮ļǿߣ
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⻰°Ծһ񣬺ǺЦļǿˣǲǻǸǰЩûõǿߡһʽ󣬾ñɨڵأţطñһ˵ĸ˵ӲǷĻᡣ
ַаЦԭһֻǸͽı֮ѹֻΪʸ֮ˣֻ֪Ǵ˵еĶƱΣҲôһˣԼûʲôüɵˡ
Σѩûпڣȴ°ԡ
°Բشūģﵽ˵ǲϴλûñṻ
ͷȻпŭֻǿԼ治Ķ֣ȻѾȥ
°ԲмضַЦ㲻˰ɣû֮ˣ治֪ôþΪ䣬ĪɾǿվרŻշģ˵Ц
ַ⣬΢΢һЦ°Ȥչдԣ±ȵ𸸵ͬ⣬Ϊ²ѣһȡܴ㸸ȡԼ֤ºұ鷳Ϳʱһս



799 
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԰һХ˲ȥʱ
Թɫڶ°ԵıӰתһ֣һϣܰСˡ
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ѩͷһʱ֮Ҳã־ʤ˶°ԣԷƵĶ֡ŵֻСϸڱʥĴѰ˾˶ˣϣܴ
˿ǳ˵ģΪɨˣߣȥ컪¥
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ѩ˵󲿷ݸ輧ԸңŮߣԴֱӴЩ峤ڰĵط塰ɹ̷ֿ򱻷²ūַֻҡͷ̾Ϣ
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˾λһ̺ڣһǶ飬ɫˡ
ַѩ·£˶¥һһȣ࣬ƸҡҷӰ򻹹Ŷƽܡ
Ҫתǣһ˵ЦһŮѪ˳һڳм䣬鴤ϣȫѪۣǻѪա
һЦУǵˣֻǻпˣҪҪŪ԰գһ¥ͻȻһֱֻ֣һƣڵϵŮӹȥ
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Ǹڷɱ޹Ůַ̧Ц֣Ҹ𣿡
ַкâһҲû룬йâһ콣ҽжѳ룬ӴѪ㵹˵ϡ
ʱ˲Żعۼ˲ŭһ𣬳ַȥ
輰ĸַŭգǻסȫ֣һ˸һ˲ֱʱѩ˲ſĿɿڴֳ֣ɱģ
ַջ콣ߵŮߣ侹ȻȻȥͻȻӿһ󱯰ֻӳһŻ֮𻯺󣬲̧ſѩ޲Ϊûǻɢˣ
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ѩ֪ս⣬׷׳γ˸Բεơ
ʱ°Ը׳ǰһһУʮӰ˳γɰΧ֮ơ
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ѩ̤ǰһЦȺͶ׽׽һ飬һâ뱳𣬶ʱ䣬ɭˣ°ȥͣд֮硣
ַû뵽ѩһԷֲ֣ɴʹ졣
°ԹЦƣͬʱгһĺסһѩĽϣѩ羪춯صһУʱȫƳ˰лʽ˿
°ԵƣǿϷˣһЦδ׽˵䣬Ʈٿ۵ѩλҲ֪ʹʲôַϷɳ˳ǹƿ˸Ȧѩȥַ֮
ַѩ粻Ƕ°ԵĶ֣һӹһУȻվ΢΢һЦеҵһôģȻϲѩҲȥ
֮ãɭĶƽ΢Цַ°ԳǹڵɱĴ߶֮£ʼѸ͵ıڣ֮ϣɫĹâ𽥵γһɫס
߻ɸ֣мܣ֣ɱһǿ̫ˣǿ˵ķٶȣһܹõĴȡԲڵġ
ԣÿǿߣս֮ʱȵĶǽٻ



800 ǿ
ٻֵĶ°ԣַһ֮ϣҲǻĸһĨأаգɶԷϾһʵǿߣԼӲã
΢콣ַ֣֮ڣһƻҲǿʼʶ֮ڣΪṩս㹻
Ȼ׼ãǾͿʼɣƻڳǹ֮ĦţԽԽӿ֮ʱ°Ȼһͺȣڵ͵һַ̤ȥеĳǹ΢΢һȻƾ˼ѩ׵ǹ
ǹ⻯ΪһĨɭӰӣݶĴַӣǿߣˣԺָֻܿͷΨһ㣬ԣڵйֱȡַͷ­
Ŷ°Եغݶַ΢ˣе콣Ŀᵲ֮䣬Ǹ˳ǹĹƾ¡

˵ƶǹÿһ콣Ľ棬ὦԼ졣
ٴַͨһᣬ°Ҳǳ׵ַʵǻһĨػȣֻҪַǻǿߣô㲻Ϊ壡
ţ˼Ǹز¶ϸƣ°Ծǻ쾳еǿߣѩ硢뻢ӡ֮벻ķۡ
سǹ˺ƿ谭죬ش̳
ַ콣ҲͬǺδν֮֮⣬Ȼڳǹ콣֮ʱǹ΢΢һǹͷȻһڣȻƿ콣ɹӭ콣
ʱˣ°΢УһĨ⣬Ȼǹ֮ϣǹâһ˲仯Ϊһ磬ַȥ
һﻹЩ£þУֻƾ콣ֻµκβǵǹ⣬ַ弱æ㣬ڵ̤һը죬ʱ
ʨƵַٶȱ°ͬһͺȣżڵ㣬ӿбһ㣬ַ˹ȥͬʱеسǹǹâٴλûһɳİâ
Ҳٶȱ׷ض°ԣַüͷ壬۽־ȻǽǣļͷһԾ˫͵غ󵯡
ǽڽӴɲǣ֮ϣϣ΢΢չǲֻһ죬ַͻȻóɵӰ
òӰΣַڰգ콣תȦȫ֮󣬼׺ƥؾŶ°
ʨǹͷӰ;õö°üͷ΢壬гǹ͵һתһͳĺǹ֮⣬˲䱻һɵɫιΧĿ类˺һ㡣
ǹ΢һ֮󣬱ǴһɴƶĤƷ֮صĵĿ콣֮ϡ
ؽཻ֮СС֮ͻأ𣬾òϢֽ֣ʼսսάССռڣɼ˶ԱĹõԡ
ò˵磬Ǻ磬ͬߵʵ࣬ȷֻܴΪһǿߵĶ°ԣ䱾Ĺۻ̶ȣαǿ޼
뾽еַ°ȴǵһЦȰεض𣬽ڿ񱩵ٵַͷȻһ̽һַץһﾹȻַ
ַȻһۣվԭضҲζ°ԵĴץɵ°ƸոմַͷʱɫȻһ䣬ַֻͷһǿӿ͵س£ڱӿ̱óٻ
û״Ķ°ԣ²ͷЩң嶼ǱûȻϰתӦͻı仯
ùͷȻһͷ°ԼæˣַΣȴȻ󣬵͵͵ɭȻЦõö°ȫСүͷôİɣ
ȳһߣУַ콣Ȼ𺳵˺ѿѹ죬ݺݵĶѾóٻĶ°Ժȥ
ȻϮǿ;õö°ɫ䣬еĳǹæֶȻӿϵ֣ٴαŨࡣ
˲ʱ䣬ֻüö°׼ô࣬ոռӺֵķ֮ʱ콣Ǻݺݵĺ֮ϣֻأĳ
;ֱõö°ɫ͵һףȻǰˣͷ˫Ƴŵأݵڰмշ󷽲Щĵ˼֮⡣
ոȣת°ɫٴһ䣬ת䣬ӿٵĽ콣дһס
ղ֮ʱԶַȵ



801 ʵ
ַĺһֻأ
һͳ죬°һҲ䣬һʹƺߣǣһĨѪ۵ĸ֡
ϧˡǾȻֻһЩ̫ƵĶ°ԣַźҡҡͷһȻ̬ȻܹôĲǵٷһĻôεսӦýǰˡ
ǰֳַ콣΢΢תĿɨɫĶ°ԣɵЦЦһ˴εĳԱ񣬿ȫԼ죬ͽɡ
áСӣһС㣡ĨȥǵѪ°ϣɫǵһαͬǿ߸ǱԹضַҧгݵĵֻһʼ
ʲôƨУ͸Ͻų΢΢һЦַȴûͷ΢΢һһöеĵҩ̽˶ڣȻڻ𽥻ظ
̫ˡ°Цһϵ֣ȻʼɢǰѾǹ֮ϣʼһɫ
°ȻճǹЦʨѧŭѪҵһʹãգ֮°ɣ԰գͻгǹ΢һƥƣʱռ䶼
֣СģŭѪĹ룬Ӳãܵеѹ֣ѩɫզ䣬æѵ
꣡ѩĻַɫҲ΢΢һ䣬Һˮüˮ鵤ȻǽԼڶ°֣֮޷ҽˡ
Ŷ°гǹŨйַȻ֪ƣһضǻصһ
̾Ϣһַεҡҡͷָһ״λ˻ٽţ꣬Է⣬콣ٴγУʱȻٱ̫ˡ
ַľٶ°гǹ֮ϵԽԽŨ󣬶ڼ䣬ȻγһХʨͷģ
ǹ֮۶ɵʨͷ°һĨϲ⣬ٴηһĨЦݣгǹȻһ󼱲˲Ϣ֮󣬽ڵ͵һ̤͵ͷһȣʨ𣡡
űȵ£°еǹϣٱܵľ޴ʨӿֶ񱩵ʨ쳹ƬСأõΧ߾ɫʧ
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һַһͺȣâ֮У콣ŭ£һĳȺâ͵콣б;֮۵棬ǿռ䶼һƬǽ塣
Ҳ˽һζⳤȽƻֻһĹ֣콣һֱӵĶ°ǰ
ʨ콣дľѹԼȵ¶ȣѳɶţ˫Ȼֲ£һĻõö°ͫһĨû뵽ַȻܵĵֵĿʨ
ҧҧʱûΪǳĶ°ԣֻýڵҪĹעǹ֮УȻ콣صĺһ
䣡
޴ıƷâѪʨ֮һ޴Ŀռѷ죬֩һӶֱϮ֮У΢һȻ
Ϸˣַջ콣һٴչһ˶¹°ԣֻһƺռ΢ţһӰӱڰпѪ󱻺ݺݵǽ֮ϣʱǽ˲仯һƬ棬
֮Уһ΢紵ҳɢֳַ콣Ӱ֡
°΢΢鴤վҰɫǱõǵѪҶ°ˣҴҪˣŰɣһĨԹһӣˣ
ʱѩŽ°ԻܣȴȻַ΢΢죬һƬ𺳡
źɷĳȣѩκ󷽲ŴлظϷʣַԣĿ⿴°ԵıӰôˣ
ûʮģָ΢΢ЦЦַȻҵĿ˼ƽ죬Ƭ̺гЩѪѩ磬΢΢ЩԹ˵ʨֻйɣô˵ҵ
û°ɣַ԰׵ɫѩ缱æһöҩ΢΢Щ˼Ƕ°ԻûȫſؿʨȷʵйһŽУԺƣͻˣ
Ժ£Ժ˵ɣⵤҩͲˣҲûʲô󰭣˶ѣĪɣ˲ɡνİ˰ַ֣ưâһѪ˿һɾ磬ϯȥˡ
ѩ΢΢Щջ˵ҩʵ⡭¥ǻ䲻䣿



802 ֮һ
ƨǶ°ôһͣʲô˼ûˣ˯԰գҲˣַص˾
ַȻ䣬ѩȻҲûȤƨɺ棬˻
ص˷ֵУԳԼĸȥ
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ַĴҹ£ʱȻڴ˹ȥϸ
֮ٴ޳ɴȴûһĵӣֻļ֮ȴŵҹУ͸ҹˮڵı˳ݻϣȷǷ켫ֵ
߰ԹޣתһʱַҲ΢΢һֹĵ磬ֶ˵ʹҹС¥˹ȥ
ɾʱ󾢷ͻһĽŭ֮ƿմ󵨿ͽȻҹǱСӣ䣬һֻ廨ַǰԽԽ
ĸԹԣѾͷַعǿŭŮһֿۣ˱ĳһۣѾͷһ뽫Լ
Է飬ѾͷϲȺãȺÿĲãԺȰĸģһǶһţѾͷƲˣһƿ
ַ˫һ٣ʾͶ㣬ŶòĴ㣬С䣬Ž;˵أ֪ɷŹ¡㣬ĪٽˣСǸͷιҲԡСϢŭССѾͷƬӣҽԣѽҲ٣㻹˰ӵģ
˵˵УַҲֻöˣ¶Ѿͷסַûüѵҹ˭̸ССã
ַһʱ䤱Լ˵ˣԩɱˣҹ⾫ɾͲôˣ
뵽ַſѾͷڹԵޣλƺ
ѾͷַһۣмصҲĽ㣬ҽʲô
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˱²ɿȴǻģࡰꡱһЦӯӯת·С
ҪƣСӵĿǰװףǻģӽ㣬㳤ַõıӰ⣺ѾͷҲѶԸôԶСүյķġ
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ǰһΣɲģû뵽ղַĸı䡣
ַͷʱһεεŮڴΪҹã
ϵҹֻҹȴ֪ʱַһᣬַ±С鲻Խε
ҹ̸²ףΪɲ⣬ĪǼļ䣿
ַЦСˣΪ͵ĺܣܡ⡯֡
һߣڴĻȴԲҹַȻ֪ҹ֮⣬һλŮӣݲҹ
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ΪλԼĻʾأַ΢Щɻ
ҹӽͼʲôʲô򣿡
ַʼѻ죬˵ǽѵģ֪ǲţ
ҹת䣬ƽص챩¶ʵϣֻмˣв㣬δ̫Բ˰ɣ
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⻰ҹʱɫ䣬Ȼ˵ʲô



803 Ӱ̿
˵ġ㺮סԶҲزˣַعͷظ
ֵǸҹԱߵŮɫ䣬̰˹㣬˰ġ㺮ס˰ɣ޻Ϳֻʱˣ
⻰ַҲֱȥҹڱǰףҪʧ˿ܳܵģǴΪʧɫټ򡶹㺮סϵףַѩ˵רΪλ
ҹҵزûпܵģһ򶼷ǳСģ鷢
ַҲ̾Ψ룬ûвȰ취
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ŻѪĴͻȻ䱻֮һ棬֮󣬿֪
ַֻõΪ·֮ʱҲڳ
ַֿ϶ҹ׷ȥ鶼ûˣȻȥɣ
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ҹ΢΢ķҵĻ˼һڱչأôˣȥȺˡֶٵ˳ݱҺ
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ַʶٿޣӯԥػ콣
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뵽ʱһӰɷӳ
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ž͵Ϯݽһֽ޿ɿܵľǧٹֵ϶ɣְǰȴֱѹмɺת
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Һַһڵأӽŵӿصףι̶Σʱ綫ᣬȡ
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Һַϴʱͷ죬ֱµĵʩ԰ϮֻգƤĹ򣬵ʹַݽƽδ
ۿ콣׼ȷ⵲˱ʱԷ仯һַ콣ڿմ
ô޴ʩչĸоַܵòѪ
ǰȫ˼
ҺĸоȴظԷĪĲĿѼλá
ǰе㽣âʹĿäֻܴƾоӦ
һϸĽѨ֮
뽣УȷǺַ֮Դǲڲ棬ûгԹҲûʲôˡǽ죬ȴƽһȽˡ
ʱַĻϾ˼Ӳ콣ջأŤ
ͬʱŤͷµĴȥ



804 ʤ
Ӱһַ콣ա
ַ˾ˣδУͬʱˣǲһʱӱľѳ
ߣҪš
ֻ֮ѽ߾ܣôԼҲҪŪµĵ˭Ȼи𰸣ȴȷ
ؽâʢ˷ǺХĽӰâ⣬ʵѲ⣬ռ䱻⡣
ַȻûп˵ӰȴذյԷǰҪһԼ¸繥
ԷٶȻϼڼˣȴȫڶԷڣʴͷַ콣ӳ콣ʷǿһڶԷĽϡ
ص˽ս˽Ӵֱеʵ塣
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ַҲܣ˫ཻ֮ʱַеע콣ϵĻһӱнˣŵнһճ֮콣ܡ
ַΣңͻȻһ콣߰㸽ϣзС
ǵӰ΢΢һæĺ˿ͻȻڿնת֮С
ʵһâַͻȻȵƣпճ棬˷㵽ף
ʵǵӰȻһ£ַȷǶɣַкâȻԼң棬̫ԲˣԼҲչ׷ҹļƻ
ʱַѰ¾ģʵҲǶҹûкøУֻЩһֱѹԼˣöôһ֣ȻַѪԡ
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Ȼˣھͽɣһ˳˾Ц˵¥˼µŮأɨˣ޻ʹ󣬾ȥǹɣ
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ʯͻȻһ󷭹űֵʯӣͻȻը̾ǧʯмַ˼



805 ͷս
оַӦͻһxǣַѻ콣Ѷ϶µĴ̿͵Ŀ겢ѩ硣
Ǿļжǲ£տʼֽʱΪǶɱˣԼ´ˣŽ֣ԶƵΪˣûо԰ǰȻ״ɱַ
ʵҲˣǵ޵ɱȻͬʱסˣȴҪѩϣʱֵȨ֮ʣһЩʵ壬¶һ
Ĵʥٹ̣ҪлᣬȾҪԸĴʥ壬ѩھеҪԣһȨ΢רȨѡ
ɱԾĴǷǳأҸ嶼֪ѩĴʥѡУΪһԲŻҵ֡
д̳ɹ¾ǰáǻӡˣҪɱƣǻǿַ߳벻˭ɱ
˲Ļǿߣʹټϱֻȼˣˣ˲ĻȨ֮ǴģĽ֣ǲпܳ
Щͷ˵䳤Ҳֻ˲֮£ʱʵܲڶ֮µĴַ̿ͣĸҵ콣ȻһĿĹâЩʯм
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ǰâٳ֮ʱַͻȻǰһЮѩ磬Ȼ𣬵ǰŸߣ΢΢ַһİâžѾ˲䣬һ׵ľ޶ֱͨصףĵĶУð˿˿
âεľ޴ַѩȴǶһֻǴʱѩ米ȫʪ͸ѣȻѣ൱ڹŹһ⡣
ַּʱ¾͵Ҫˣ뵽ַһۣĸм֮飬ַȴǺЦЦʾûʲô
Ȼûʲôȴǵ˴ùǴ̿ͱɱһҲ꼰㣬Ǹʯм壬飬ǵâһ£ʱأڵϣʹ߲ѡ
ǿѩ硢ֻǿߣ˼ֻһǱҪ˵ˣɴˣ֪Ǹôֲļһˡ
ַ֮ſѩ磬ĿĹˣͼҳд֮ˡ
ɾʱֻһһϸ˿İߣͻȻַĺ󷽣Ѹ׼ƺдҲַڳΪ֮ˣҪɱѩ磬ͱɱַԣʱ˽ɱĿ꣬תַϡ
ϸ˿ַһȻתһϸ˿֮ϣ鷢ˣΪһϵ˿ߣûжϣһһֵʹַȫһȫòϾ콣˦ɡ
ⰵڰĴ̿ҲȻ벻ַһ٣ٶıɱʽҪʩɱʱַѷڣЦһǰ˿ˣǲһԭʧٴγʱһǴ̿͵ĺ
Ǵ̿ͻַʧȻ죬ϸһ룬ʱȴǴɱѩѻᣬ֮ʣͻ󾢷Ϯа̾ٿ
ַǰٿ䣬
Ǵ̿ȴӲŽ˶ȥһ¥ƴȥ
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ַһ޳ۣպƣܹ˳Ĺ֮ʱʱǴ̿û֮ˡ
ˣ˼ֻǴ̿͹ȰӰӣһ㿴ࡣ
ѩ˿̲ŻعͻȻȵ׷ʱЩ£׷ƿ׷ȥԼ֪Ǵ̿ƾ˵ӵӰӶûˡ
ַǰѩʵܿǺô
ַüͷȷֵȨ֮ʣʲôпܷеĲ룬Ҳֻܵɲ룬гϵĽ
ߣǶˣҲ˭ʵѩһкâΪǶƵĹ
ַȴ֪˲ǶƣΪƽ֣Ƶʵ̿͵ʵȻ޼ǵĹȴһƫڿ񱩣һȴƫᡣ
ԽԽˣȻֳһһ̬ͶһַͷʹѣھȻ¿ԽԽˡ



806 º
룬ַȴûб¶һˣڻı޻ʹȥ¼ѩԺ뾫¶лˡ
ǰһڹǰȥֱѩƽ˿ǰ˽ӽƫ;ǿдѩľչ̺
϶ʱлʱʱâһᣬ̾ѩǺ踣죬ֳԣȻ׶༪٣ɼҾϳˣ˴λȨ棬ѷܱ
һЩ⣬Ŵַȴɭַ֮ȹСˮȵ֮ǰദ
ַȻҲٻʹԺǳôŽءûʵĵطһʱĿϾǽʧݣɹˡ
ʱѲһ̨ףַ棬һ߽ȥַû룬⹷ƨô󣬻浱Լʥôдһ
һᣬ峤ϣַŹٳУַ޻ڵʯ£΢΢ʩңʱŹֳٲ
ַ˰̧ͷһʱ۾
ֻʮɵ̨ϣͼǹ°Χڸ߾ЩŮ˵ҲʮˣԲͬ壬Ծ鸮Ϊַ࣬ǵοŮӡ
ֻǳ˺һĺβ⣬ಢ
֮ŮӵģŮӳ˱һĳ⣬Ҳܾ࣬ԭַע󶼼ϡ
Ȼ̨£žΧظַָ̨
޻Ǿˣֻȴûо޻ǿ׳䣬ǲȷǾѪͳַΪʨˡ
Ͽȥʮ塢䣬֪Ƿ֮ᷢƵģˣƾɿΪѴ춥徳磬ܵ޻ʣҲƾʵ񣬴ġ
ƺ̲ܶ΢ЦѺöõţ۲죬ᷢ۾¶һ˪ĳţ⡣
Ǹ򵥵ֲܳΪϽ޻ʵĵѡߡ
ַͬʱǿľҲڴַã΢΢һЦ֪УȻѹȥ˰꣬뵱걾ж֣޻ʱǺεɷҪϴ̬֮ҲЩЧ
ַ˵ãҲ֪ΪʲôҪַ˵Щַ͸Ū޻ʵ˼ˡ
Լĸп˵ʱַǸǳḻˣ֪ҿɲһ⣡
ַ㵵ʣ֪޲ԣ
΢Цͷǰûе޻ʱΪ޻ʣӵϵȨ󣬱޿գΪΪ֪ʵȴһ£ͬĽ׶Σвͬķգڸ嶼ַ˳ԲкζԲߣ
ַ̾ķκξ飬ǧûн֮ôԼֽ⣬йǧĻʷ˳ڵССܣдܣ֡
ЩַԼ뷨йʷϷʵҲǸιֶΡ
۾˷ܵʵֶΣǵһ棬ʵЧ֪ηָأ
ַаӦһͳ壬ȻдһͳֶΣҪϳַƣֳʥֱӹϽ֮£ͳһǣ˺ӣٽȫĽͨ;ãұΣķأ
̾˵ĻǰδиԶһλĪˡ
ַʧʲô
Ȼÿ꣬ͱҪѡȻҪѡӦĴʥѡУԾӦѡΪ˷գҺճֳھ壬һΪӲ⣬ⷬǻԥأ
ַŵûðǶأֻʷֱ˵Ӧ⣬֪ˡ¡ĺתͷҲοѣŮĿڴԼַæ򲻿ɣس
ôҲû뵽ԼһȻĺ֪ͱտڲˡ



807 
õΪһӣѵ޻һλô浽ʱ¶⵽ĴѹĺԸ
ַнп̵ࣺģӿһ࣬ʲôˣһݣҪ޻ʣº֪ͻΪ˲۵㣬Լ˲׷ɱԼϻλľ壬¶Ӷˡ
˰룬о̫ˣɵѩ֪𣿡
ûʱѩȷʵǾõѡȱ֮Ϊʥӣƾȫ޻ʣβ壬˰
ַ⣺ҵǱչԼݵϸ飬ʱҪѩһ֮ʱһɷѩӵߣԾҲаһģ
ȵ㵱Ը̷ѩ磬Ҫ֪磬ľʲôʵʲôĳ̷һˣ㲻ô
ַ΢΢һЦѩֵͬܣһ˵ղͳˣ޻ʣܽóϷܻ˵ˣĲ𱩱ˡ
üУЩⶼǺֻܴҪϵݣ屩һһһġ
ַУҵôƫƫԼԱߵľҲǴд⣬Լı̫ͻЩһԼҳϣ
뵽ַһڶᵱٱƣҲֻ뿪ɽˡ
Ȼ͸Һ;Ҳֻһ֮Եȴ֪ǸǸ֮ˣԲǸھߣο̽Լ
ַĻɫһڵ൱Ϊβٿһأ
һַ϶е뷨æף˵ѩΪ޻ʵô΢΢ò󣬲亹һССҪ󡣡ɳжȣҪԼ󣬾͵ǻˡ
˵ͷ˵޷
ַѩӵ׼һֻڻûãֻԺ˵
΢ЦֻСһַǾѵõ˲ţҳϸǿɹ󣡡
ҲȻһЦһ٣ͻȻһַкգ֪ʲôһ£ȴž
Ȼһʮ³ŵľǿ˽ַЩȳĿ𺣬ӥȻǻǿߣһǱȽһ֣Ȼ⣺ԼǣҪֻˡ
Щǰһʩϯعͦñֱȴû˿ĸо
ַ΢ЦǾִʹߣĿǿߣǸղžڸڣ˵Ļȫˡ
Ϊ֮俴ַ˭ҶԾ岻ң˾ܵĺǣҲӲִʹߵ׷ɱ
޻뾫ַ޻ɣȻǳַ̹˽ı̬ȡѹղֻҪһ¶뵱޻ʵľٶѽѪ˵ˡ
ַװֵ̿л뾫ΡеȻǵڶˡ
ʱһ޻ʣǰݡ
ʱ޻ѻָ֮ǰϣһ۵ڱκĳݣ۵ĵŰɣ
ȥ󣬲СС壬ȻҲǰ޻һλǲ֪Ȼδ˵꣬߳𣬽Ǳнʹӵڵٺ٣ذѩѵˣҲ¼ˣ
һԶڶѵ⣬ʱذѩѾٲţ̽ѵȻ˸ͦӢΰȴʯ
ƤǱŮӸۻȴ˿ûǻĸоʹ԰Եǿ
ڳ˭Ǽˣ˸ֶУ֪˴󲻼򵥣ֻǴ˾ȻԳӣΪȴû֢֮һ޲֡
˵ĿɨʱذѩĿҲɨˣǱɨˣ޲ĸоǶԷĿдĳζʵ
ĿˣַʱʵȻҲЩѿ֮⣬һʱҲӦ



808 С
ַаޣһﲻ򵥣ȻԵ˵ķȺֶΡ
ڴе޻ʹ޲¶ãȻɫѱ׷ˡ
ذѩֵ˲Զ޻ȴ涼ϼһΣ̫𣿡
޻Դذѩһֲ֮ɫȵñټ㾹Ȼ˽޻ʹõ
ַ޻δѻ˵֪ذѩ˼ɣɰЦ㹷ҧҲǴ
ȴŭȵ󵨿ͽ޻ʣȻ¹򣡡
ذѩɨ˾һۣмʲôڱǰ󺰴У
㡭ͨ죬ָذѩһʱȻ˵ϻ
ذѩ˴󵨣޻Ҳζ˺һԷŭַҲڳʱº͵ĶַѾûʲô£Ȼؾ鸮ȥɣ
ַлЩһֱԹ޵үæʩˣֳϣʵǲӦڳ
ɾַڹſʱذѩͻȻһһֵѩǸҪ㻤ţȪˣҸʱ䣬׽׽
ַһ٣û˵ʲôȥˡ
˹ţ뵽Ĵ֮飬ַ⶯ʱѽ޻ʹȥѰһ˾ۻһ·ѰȥȻɭֻ֣Ҫǻǿ԰صĹؿڣһ㶼Ѳַ
һʱѰһĻԷĹ⣬ȴⶼð˿˿ַΪ֣鲻λղôԵĵطɡ
ô룬ַǶ˽ȥʥнɽ췿޻ʹȻҲ⣬ľʯȱȽǣĻԷΪ֮ʤ԰ľʯ׳ɣвʯСһۣʮһתֻĴź
ַںƬʱƵһС¥ƵýˣɼҶϡ֣ﺮԹԣòɣ
˼⣬¥ϴһʹַ֣СӵͷһĪȵǣҪŶ룬¾ԷʧȻ
ַϷܣͣڴߣûվȣֻ¥ִһϸϸַת䣬ƿһ죬һŨŨĲҩζʱ˱Ƕ
һֻһ˾ľСϥͷһӣò£ﶨɣֻСһͷθ߶ȾȻСҲ˶١
ַ΢΢һ䣬׹뵽ͷѰˣֻǰ岻ֻǻô⣬ԲһİˣȴǸҽʦˡ
ֻԲɣ׵İ̵ϸߣɫƺʮֽš
ԷʮС裬ʢɫҩҺһλ¯¯ͭ˿ţϸŴССĽ룬·ͨ췢
ͷ磬һöպĽ룬һɫҩҺһеش̽СӵѨָ΢΢СӦ뷢һüȻʮʹࡣ
С֮壬ⰫȴԻ빥𶾣Ի𹥻ǸƣַֻƵĵѣ൱ֹʣȻݽʹ࣬һСȻһغҺͷϵǿݻڵĻ𶾣ȻҽСûˣ
ۼǰӻҪСϲ룬ַǻܵô࣬ת顱һƴԾ룬׼Ƿͷһš
ͷȫ룬䲻һŷһƤŵعԶ
ַҲ˲תҪγСϵĻ룬ָ֪δȭ綸ַбһƳȴǷͷʱŭһһ߳
ͷôַĶ֣ٴнţһߣ䵽¥ȥˣʱСͷ磬˭
ַһ㶣ӿһĸоȴͷִ˽˫ŭţɫգȴֺ޺޵Ĳҿֶַθסˡ
ַҲָʱСͷϵб˿˿ַ֮ɺ룬ϸ鿴СڵĻ𶾣ͻȻٿؽȫ˽ȥ
ֽͷĻȫ˳һ֧Ľ룬ȻԼȡһֻƿЩɫҩҺнִСġ׵Ѩ
һ¶ΪѸ΢һ㼴γʱʱһСĴҪѨʱĴҪѨУһϸСĻ춾ʣ˽
ӼַѨ֮׼˵ƽһҽûʶҽһʱڵ֪롣
ʱ¥¥ƿӣҽʦȭվһԣַȴڲ룬ɫһ䣬ȵ󵨿Ȼҵס



809 Լ
΢һԥǰȥΪ׵˵˼仰һѽ⣬Ŀɬҽ֮ߣ뻯СӵĲоˣ
Ϊ׵΢΢һ漴ϲ˻棡
ʵˣôƭ㣡
ȻǷҽʦ֣ؽȴƴ룡ȻЩġ
ҽʦٺٸЦٺ٣
⻰ַüͷ壬ӣƤĿԣ̰ȴֲ˵СүҪһСӣ¾Ҫҽˡ
ַֻСӵĲǲҽã
ַһ䣬͵ô죬֮мǣԺйصĶСӽӴ¸Բ֮ҹһģ
԰գַͻȻĿɿڴУԾʧˡ
ȥһᣬ޻ͻȻŴ˹ʷʲô顣
˶ûַ˵Ȼֻ˵и˵κСӵ׶֮壬¸Բ֮ҹһΡ
޻һ˿ϲɫ漴ֳ˼˵һ˲䣬ȴͬʱֶѡһʱò⣬ֻðˡ
С¥ԼİСӣǺ࣬ҲǴаο㲻ټƽˣֻҪûж⣬ʲôݣȻ˲Լ¶ݣֺαȥ׷ʲôΪ޻ʣؽеġ
ʱַûص鸮ѩסˣΪçײδ˵Ƶһְ֪ʲôطȲ㣬ⲻǺô
ַĵҪǲƵ´ʱѼˣʵȴʵ˵˵ǣ΢Цߵӣ޾ҵ׷ҲӦҲ
ѩ΢һ㵣˫Ŀ⣬һ󣬲ŵƴ޻֮λǷΪң
ַæ϶صͷҶɽΪ֪Ҷȫ޻֮λ
ѩգƺежȻⷳ˵£ͲҪ˵ˣߣҴȥźС˵ˣҪԭŮС㲻֮ɫԲ£ҽ㲢˫
ַпЦǰȻܼŮȸԾֻ磬Ȼѱǻȥ椶뵽йƵġ
ѩַ֪뷨ΪΪҪҹһŮ˷ܵ˵׵С͸ĽĹʿ̸䡭
ַȻ䣿
ѩȵ벻㾹֪£С˻춥ǿߣ˵Ϊܲڶ֮£ֻŮƻȨȻǺϣΪ޻ʵġ˼ˣȴ̫ߣҲǣһ㷲أûһۣӣ˭ܵʱ£ɷķ֮ͽ
̾һ˵òΪƾѡʸ񣬾ǲַֻʫղѧô
ַҲ̾˿ѩǲҪ˵ʵ
Ȼ»˵ٻô֮磬ϣ
Ҿʵʵ˵Ҫɱɱ˻ԣʲôʫղѧһϲͨ
ʲô˵ʱʻһƬ֮֡
ֺֻһСչǰƬСݣݺĶм¾ɵᣬһӵĸء
ַ׷࿴Ȼ徳ڣɾ֪ˣɴ֮ɼŮγס
źϵС£ɽٲɽ£ɽˮ滨ݣᷭشȻƣ豹ţۣͨĵСʹ뵽ϣᡢķɡ
ϳţһͼˮޣϵ̨ͤ¥ɽɫӳСˮӳ֦Ҷ֮УԲѤˡ
ַ۶µɽ£ʯǿ̽죬ӭ裬̾żĻǲ٣״֮ģ֪⴦ĸȾǶôǿ󡣡
ѩͬеС԰Ƶĸ֣Ƶÿ㣬ʹĸо
һ;Сͤһ¥ǰĿյͣ粴㳵ȻÿͲֹǼ
ַѩſڣһɺ澣ڶƤĺβ¥ӯӯ֣ѩʩСڤ֮ѩӺλڿСƬ̡



810 粨
ѩ˿Ϊ裬ȻַС¥²Ŀ
ַٴοЦˣѿ֪ǺεȾɫˣɿ˱߷ľŮԼȴû޵컯Ūˡ
¥԰ʯɣӳڻԲ֮䣬ʽţ·ɾе¥סӡ
ϵ¥ʯףأ繧ڴˡ
ѩ絽ַߵСˣڴݡ
ַͷʾ֪ļӺҹĻ֪ĶԺչȴڤ಻һַݣ׼¥
һ룬־ӰڵúãΪʣ಻òǼͷѵֵŮ˱ܿεȳ̶ˡ
ѾѩرкøУȷݺ󣬷̵΢ϸΪ·ϵĳʪΪĨַûİˣ¡
ԴˣַҲֻпЦģͣ󣬶˽Ŀһ
װεøɫǲϯԼ鷽齣ڷԣ԰ְ˲ֽ
һߴǽһŮﲯ󱡲ʣŵݣǡֵسŮ˵Ĳʡ
ʱ鼸ˣÿ˲ȣʮ˶ǵ̸¾Ů˵ڤ롣
ѩͷ߽ڣʱһվΪĴʥ֮һľ밲ʩ񣬻Щǳѩ磬ʱ֪˭æ
ַһ۱ע⵽мûֻǵɨһۣЩУȻٲ˰뻢ӡȻûϳַ
ַȻҲûҪȥǴк
Թӡã˴ȥر󷽿һĸˣȲǻǿߣעǵ⺷֮䵱һ󺺣ɽ
ͷ¶һɫţǣ˸ɫǴֺᣬ粲ͭ壬ſ񱩵ɫֽŴ׳֮磬òΰɢ˵
ǿҲǿ׺֮վԱߣʱȥֵ˵־б˵ĺۣҶĿݺݵŶһӡ
ַ˲Ŀȥʱһ˾Ȼλӡذѩֻǿߵŭӣ޶ãЦַһۣǻ¶һ˿Ц⣬кһ㡣
ַһۣջתһʿ棬䣬ߵĹâȥǳ۹֮ˡ
һֻˣϰòƽο֪ӣһ㶼أڲܶʶ鿴£ַҲ֪ǸĿˣܵ˼磬Ȼеݵˡ
ѩһһ˴кӵǸոҹ벻㡣ֵַֹɺ徫ͨ˸Ӧĺҹ
ַĵԭҪǰһѳۺѩ磬λǷļĿ䳤ǷĻܹ°ԣ
ַһѭȥɢа̷ӣͷϲϸۣһۿȥ;ôޱȣҪ˶ɡ
ѩȻ಻ʶˣȻλֵǡ
֮һҲֻʨһλ䳤ϣǲ˶°ӣԶҪʺãȻ͵
ѩַȻ벻ƾȻֳǣ˴ͷʹʱһﾹȻ̤ǰ΢΢ѩһۺƵַǰֵݹŸΪ׿лᶨҪ̸
ַ֪ҪԼƴֹȥա
һ¶һ˿ЦһգϹâһֶַʱһţڲս
ַȻ뵽һﾹȻǿţ׶ѹǵʹ֪ԷʵʤԼһ
Է֪ôǿַЦһڻӿעָ֮УʱĹ졣
ʱʽ˲以ֵַˣͷϵƬӿֳգҺˣµֻŭȻȻŵҲֻܵóһʱ˺Ƭ
ŨصĻҩζڳ˶оַ֪ʨطܲ¡
ذѩ⻰иһâ֪ʲô
ַ뵱˵ָǣԺٲֳֻ֣֮£ȴ̫Цһſ֣Ȼȥ߶ƣʲôֶΣһţ˵⻰ѩ˻ȥ



811 
˽̵ַĳޣһתȥˣڳ֮˶֪ղŴ·磬ǲ˼ȥ
ѩַɫΪԱߵˣʿһ
ܱϣѩĿذѩϣ΢Ц˺ǰ˵ذֵĴ˵ذ֣ҵĺܡ
⻰ذѩ΢΢ĿַһۣȻ룬Ϊʲôַûаɱѩ¸ѩ硣
ذѩȻѩ磬΢һк
ѩһӵĻң˻Ҳ˴кˣַЦҪȥǸһֻҪһǧ֮ı飬ӦʶȤˣ
ѩε±ӵȻύһ𣡡
ַ֪ύȴҪ֪㻹᲻ȥ뵽Ҫ˵һɫŮӵ£ڲڡ
ַ̧ͷȥԼʺȻһ˵Ļ޵𺳸о
ֻһλ֬ݹޣŮ·ŮЩ澴ӵ°ƲﲨУ˶Ϊ֮ᣬ⡣
ͷǶ٣ʶ飬޳Σ׵׵ļӳĶˣˡ
ֺڣʱˮĲâҫѹԶܻҹʵǶ
ǰ׵໨ĳӣӯƮɵĲˣĹ俪ڣг̬ǧľݡ
ݵɻ϶һͼַɾǻ֪˼ҲԼĲ׷˵İ
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813 Χɱ
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816 Ȼ
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ʲôħţַдǵһʣҲǴ˿̲֪޻ʹ£Ȼľ֮ء
ذѩݵ˵ǰһΪħռ类˺Խ⿪ĳԹô궼ݣЩħţǵȷ沿ӣҲ֮Ϊħū
ַɫ䣬ŵ˵ħ׼ٴ磿
ذѩȻڻûеֵʱ򣬵뵽ҲԶˣɶĴʥ岻֪ħʲôЭ飬ȻΪŰ޻ʹص´ħʱֻͨʱͨôȶֻȴһħū
ַ˿ĴʥôôѵǾûʲô
ذѩЦĴʥ屾ǣʲôң֪ΪʲôôޱǾΪԭɼλں󣬶γɵģĴʥ壬ԭͲֻںʱڣǲͻȻֵġ
ͻȻ飬ַҲЩܲˣ˰ΣŲĴʥ徹ȻΪʲôҪƾΪʥ壬һȨС
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817 ҹ̽ħ
ذѩȨ֮ȣһȨ֮Ⱦһֵݣ˭ӵлȨ֮ȣھӵĳȻλ޻Ȩ֮ȣȴ֮λ
ЩַҲܵǿ硣
ذѩնΣǲǵıóѣȻħ磬ᷢǰĺƽ١
ַѵһʯͷϣϾ㲻һ˶ƴĴʥɣҪɱңҵСҪĺܣľٶҲ򲻻ȥġ
ذѩЦɵӣʵǼٽ޻ʵ壬ǰħ¶ģˣǱڰ֮ǣȥ̽ħ絽ôһ¡
԰գذѩûб߼ʵĳǳ˹ȥƬص磬죬ܺڣֲָ
Ǻڰ֮ǿԶʵϣȴԶĺˣռ仹ʱʱꡣ
ԶȥذѩַҲΪһɫε飬ǰɱȥ
һ·ϣ֪ٺӴ·ڣ˺ڰ֮صĽ£ȴһ衣
ӴˮɫзΪһߺڣһ߰ףв죬ˮŭ𣬷Хȳ֮˱ŻŨصѪɷ֮
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ЩԵʹͷгУĬһ·ҡҡλεģƮƮģʧȥԭеģĬĬźеѪɷ
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ΪֻصϼĹ֮УֻΨһͬģϼЩ٣ЩʶЩȴľżһ㡣
˰죬һͷŪַͷˮħħū
ذѩ˵ͷΪȫʶ£ʵʿ
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ذѩĳĵħѪħʱѪҺħΪħһԱ
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ʱذѩԵϲ粢ǲʲôɺˣħǿߣħŮղأҾڹ֮ùҡ
˶ƤĽģǳĳħ󣬰׵⣬һ
ַȴвˣȻħǿߣ޻ΪʲôҪԼȥɱĪ޻֮䣬ЩʲôԵףɸ˵أ뵽ϸͬذֻпʲôأ
ذѩδشٿûٳʱһԳȫĴָء壬㲻մص飬ԶƮɻ
̬޷ȻǷ£˹
ͬʱпذѩַһѣҪߣȴַԭأ֮󻽳Ǽ磬˵Ӱʱ֮С


818 ȥ
ڴʱǷ֮ɽ
ַд֪߱Ǹ֣򲻻ᵽ˽ӽľűԼƬϷ
Ϥ磡ҿ϶˶һṤ⴦ϢرŨذѩǿɶļһѵ治ôȻǱ
һͳ΢΢ŭħԸ飬Ǳ뾡ɣѶĴʥ˻ɣ֮λҪĴʥѡУ޻ʹͻ಻Ҫ鷳
ʱֻ޻ʵذѩСǽƻǵˣȻҲᷢħҪˣҪ֪й©вأȻ᷵岿䣬ɱڵˣ뿪Ĵʥء
Աߵַذѩ˹Źָо޻ʣҲ벻ɳɱ֣һ͵ǵ̸
˵Ĵʥħʱٲǵĺôֻϧ黹ûдȻǳ֣ذѩǼһﶨȻ޴Ρ
޻ʳڽû֮λʥʹ򲻿й¶ݣûнϵ֪ͷˡһ޻ֵںл֮£ĪҪᣬǱͬΪħˣֻǵħ֮ʣΪħţŸħ¾Ȼһٹɡ
˵ʱǵȴԶתۼ䣬߸һɶ
ַذѩһһ󣬻ΪӰʧ
޻ʹַذѩֵ𣬱Ϊֻһ޻֮ȴû뵽ֺŵϢַеĿƿ֪
еĴʥ壬Ȼǰħķͷʹˡ
ԼǲӦʲôܣ޻ڻԼеüֵԶⳡ·ǣ뵽ַ΢΢Щ⶯Լڻ쾳ΪоЩϹ
Լòײھ磬һϱ̬һоͽԼˣ붼ô£Ȼȥ
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пһַͻȻץͷٺɵЦӸǣͷȻֱã٣ԼǰķӢۺúȥҪˣԼתоɣ
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мҪȥһ£޻ʹǸ׶֮Сӣַ뽫׶ȻҪһЩԪΪȡȥҲ˲ôˡ
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ַ뷨Բ֮ҹ֮Ũ֮ΪƵģ°빦ԼԪСӶͷǿ飬ַ΢΢üͷ
֪ԼΪʲôҪСӣҪǻκˣ飬һ֮ˣǻСӵ
뵽Ƶͷ£ƽСͷϣӿһգ۵ĸ£ӹСȫĴɢȥ
СӶʱ𣬾һƯĴ۾ɻֺĶַȴû˵
ַҲ벻СӾȻͻȻʾҪ˵˾ͲðˣСԴϴμַһۺƺǵûп˵գգǺڱʯ۾
Сһôַٵ飬˫붯ǿнСڵ׶ȵһȻ󰲡ҽʥصķ׶ǿ˳
˭֪׶һַ֣֮پǧư㣬һʹ֪뵽ֵȥһ룬˹ȥ
磬˭ھúǰûйָܣСգ۾һ䣬¶С
ַһСԴ׶ȥԺ㻹ģҪˣǧҪκ˵԰գаâһС˯˹ȥ
Сɺú󣬵һᣬȡ˹ͷϵ飬׶ȥּ֮аٺһ
պãַת¥



819 ı
Сӵ¥̤޻ʹľϣһбǵ飬ǰĿһʱһ񣬵뵽ȴҪֹĶǵĳίߣֻô̾οɡ
һתͨĴһҹĻʹֻǹһˣֻҪû޻淢ͻ޻ʹǿģ䲻ʱϹȴûرġ
ɿ쵽ſʱȻҴҸ˳һҲûԵͨԶͷתһ԰С·ȥˣһҲûַĴڡ
ַһ԰УѸٸ
Ǽ飬ַٵͷ
ڼȻһҲǼҴҸһطⲻҪ˽»ô
ַչ֣ھ󣬲ƬεִһƬִ
ֻڴӰ㿣Ѿӭ˽ȥ
ַǻɣæԺΣϵϢѰȥһȻһɵĹصرɭϡ
ȴѲַһζ̾ƶƹЩ磬һŵƹķǱ˹ȥ
ʶҵã´µĽƣֻðѶǽڡ
촫ƺǾƱ
һһ˵Ц
ͨɵʯڹǽʣ̫һʱ޷ϳ˭
һ˵޻ʵַСȻƹǱ壬ʥأȴԸƭŲɣԹΪǳ
ַǻϲǾ˵޵ģԭԼݣʶˣֻǾȻԼҪԼȥЩʲô顣
һЦҪǿı죬ҹСΪգƲſóմ£Ǿͽ¶ȥ˭ỳɵȥˡ
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ʹذѩʶĪֽ֮Լǵ˵ȵ潫ɱʱԵˣܻء
ʱðʧˣ˫ϸľִһ˵СһΪرҶܶĶֻ֣һɣǾҪɱʡԺħʱЩʲô©
ַȻһǶˣ벻Լôɵ뵽ַ΢΢Щ⡣
벻˽ΪСȻ֪ôĴʥԼǴȥˣתƵ岿ȥųɡ
һİ²ز֮ǴĽһ֮һٽеǵϵɱǵʵԸЩһӦֻСϰףˣ㸸Ϊʲôûȴֵμ顣
˵仯ˣƵͳ϶˶䶼Ҫ
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ڶŽ֮£ϴ˵ãֻʱַذѩæЩһʱ֮䣬Ҳûʲô˵飬ⶫǸǳ֮ˡ
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ֻ͸ĳ𣬱ַ֪޵Ρ
е죬Ƕ°ˣ뵽Ц㾹ȻĥСүСү첻㣬ַ֣ĵд
һֽϸƵŮ¹ӵԸؿɴﵽСӣܳΪħļߣѪ֮£ҲԺˣֻĻʨ֮ȴֻǰǲǿʥЩʥʹ
˻һ֮꣬ȻǲʨԸһȵ̬
üһлɳˣЩһҪﷴˡ
ֻŮ˭Ʈ죬һŮɣȴ磬ħвǿ硣
ԼѳˣӲ粻õӻַһΣһҲá
Ȼ뷨Ҳֻ룬Ϊ뿪ĴʥʱҪһΪַǺ۸ġ



820 
Ȼ°Լǿ˭ȭͷӲһ㣬ʱмƻһ˳ưͿ־ơ
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صͻѩһˣżɽ벻ȥѰ°ԵĻ
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˺ȵСӣվš
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ѩһѽţȻΪζ
ַ˫Ŀɭĺâƽýĺ׵ЩСӣ㽫޻֮λ
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ʱҽʹʱڶַ˼䴩أн޲Ѫأһ֮
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δˣ඼ǻǿߣģǧĶս涼ѲǣοǶ°Ժ޷
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ʮĻǿڶַѩǰ
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ַ˵ѩԣѸصȫ°Ե£һ˻ɱ°ԣǧҪ֣Ȼǿ߲ˡ
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ַһӻ˼Σ֪Զ°Ϊ׵һȺУââȻʱнأַһ߷˳ȥ
ַͻȻڿն𣬵˶°Եͷ˫ѹǿƵö°Եȫܣƫǹ˶°һĹ
ַôûͬʱɱʮǿߵ
һڹٵһ
ʹ⣬ҪѸ֮ƣԼ״̬ʱɱ°ԣʱʣµЩǿȺף߾Ǵ󱿵ˡ
ֻҪӰѾ°¿ɳˣַһ֣ȫಫ



821 ̥
ַʱ°ǰնʮգʮ󣬶°ͻȻԵȫõܣǡǡӵԮֵԼˡ
ʱֻһ죬
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°ͻȻŭ߳һгǹƽƳַؿڣ֪Ҫеʱǻڿմ
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Сģ
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Ѫݾٶö°ԵЩź˵һߣˡ
ѩҲǲŵַû뵽ô󵨣Ȼֱӷϵ˶°ԡ
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ַ̾ѩ̫СˣӦС£㹻׵ġ
ѩ֣̾ƶͬˣҲ⣬κδǰԺΪԿȥ֮ߣ˵ֻܾˡ
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ַ֪˵ǣ΢ЦҪѩӼ̳޻֮λ׵һЩ֮ˣ»ܶʣҴ˾ҲΪ鸮»ȥ˰áӡƵˣֻҪЩһѩӣ˵ûκεˣϻ֮λʮ֮ȣֻҪȥǣ˺һеǣġ
΢һ㵣˫Ŀ⣬һ󣬲ŵǾòû뵽İΣ
ַ֪Լ˵еţæ϶صͷҶɽʲôֻҪºһҧžɵģҲܰѾô
ݶĺƺежȻ¾ˣ治ȥ㻹ǿȥɱذѩɣ³֮Ҿͽҹ㣬Ϊ⾫֮һ



822 Ⱥս
⻰ϣַȻĻϲӦˡ
Ҫûǵ̸֪ħ֮£ʱַֻµҪϼһƭˡ
ȴ֪ȫҹΪգԼɾ裬ֻԼɱذѩǵİ£⼸ɱ
ʱȻͻֶԸԼˣֻǱ¶Լݣʱ򣬿úˮҲϴĺڻˣҺذѩĪ档
˶°ǸСӣԼǣң޻뾫쵰ֻԼԼûд´ǰҲӦȥˣʨǰҲĺܣĥһ֡
ԼʥʲôҲûԼȻȥֻǾ֣ȴỳԼ֪ǵıӦò׷ɱԼ
ֻһӦʨ׷ɱַֺξ֮У˵ôֻҪĴʥطΧܲҵԼ˵ˡ
뵽ַѰ˾ģҹ˳ǣųɽȥˡ
һһҹ뿪ʥصĺĵضΣһƬСӵУҪ߳ĴʥطΧûʮµģ»ûпܡ
ַ̤죬һ·ɱֻܾȥһʱ䣬Ҳò⡣
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ֻɽҰ֮Уôðǿߵľսַһתſų̣ȫٱȥ
Ƭκ˽ʮ·ɱӽˡ
ʱַ뱩¶Լ䵽٣һᴩֶĿҰʱӳʮն
ٶһʱ۾ԭʮؼٶǿֻΧһˣ˾ذѩ
ַ˻ڣƹȥһذѩˣΧһˣлмʮǿߣذѩһﵽʲô£Ȼ֣
һĿɨȥҰʮǷͬˣȻķֲķذѩΧĴԳս˳ּΧսȦȥ
ذѩĴѪգԼƣ룬ж磬ߡΧ½磬ϱӳŻĹâѣ浽ҪԿ
ѷʮʬ壬ȻĽ˺ԮͻΧߣʼջ
ʱֻ졣
ذѩʢʮɣӽƱǣһѣֵǿߣՒɣΪ״ɲʬ
ʱֻһεεŮ˳֣
һ˳ĸˣìչһ߶裬ҪߵذѩӲԭ
ַѭȥֻʩλ㷢İŮӣȳƣ˴Լܻ£˫üϸޣɫ续ɷǺÿ
ԾŮҶǻ켶ǿߣӢݣɫװֳֳ
һȻ֮ˣַڲ֪ħ֮ǰὫǵ࣬ЩŮӦöǴħǿˡ
ǲ߻Χذѩָӣֻǡôذѩ֪Ǹ
ŮַѪè塢£з塢ѩﲹϡ
Χذѩʱ󲿷ֻʣëֲذѩսȦɱذѩһʱҲǷ
ذѩղжУԪ޷ûѳսȦս֮С
ʱɫ԰ףҲǰˣȴȻ֧ţһʱ֮䣬Ҳҹ̫ͣҪֻѽһҽС
ذѩһ£ãٿ֣һʹìĻǿӦ
þֻ꼻һ֣ʩƬռҳһƬ˶ܲսȦխذѩܻĿռ͸Сˣ
Ůӽе峤Գ֣
䣬һѩ׵ǿԾ𣬷ذѩϷóһͷȣͷһȴȥʱǡôٴηذѩ·
ϲڿնݣ²ʱذѩַΪŮ۹զʱذѩһóؽˣӲΧȿϷ
Ǻ
峤˴ȣÒɿȥһѪ
ذѩǺþΧ˳û£һ󵶱нУذѩһģڼ米һ
һȣĸǶȳʧӵذѩȥǹʮ㣬ն˺˿
ۿذѩҪɥСӺȻһͦͻȻһȦâȫ˵ıֻкâ漴ĺˡ



823 г
һˣϣκϢĻᡣ
Ůָʾ£ŵĸ˵֣峤ʲôҵݣɱذѩ߳ŭȵʧȥˡ
ַİüֹȻǰһһֱûкøУһѣңûذѩ岿䣬Ժħʱԭʧɫ٣ģΪ£˵˶٣ʲôӢۺúСүߡ
ذѩʱһǰӲĴ򷨣нþ΢ܷأ϶Ƭ˽Ѫأ˶֪ûͻΧŻתƣϣӳʱ䡣
ַѹ۳˿ذѩĶеСӣټһᣬҴɱ룬ƿһӣһǾͷɶݣ򲻿ɳɣҪˡ
һַߣһȣ콣
ЩΧذѩ֪Ԯ㣬ڰŮһ£ӽֵ˸ֳˣӭ
ַһ콣콣⣬ŭ˾ȥ磬һʱ޶
һȿߣַһСĪ£ˣֳ콣бϣսȦͶȥ
ذѩ񣬽ʢܵĵȵûæˣһһӦڷ
ӭַǰ˸ַ콣޲ԼȫԷ֣ûĿɲо
ʹǳԾǶֵĽƿգڿУ֮Ѳŵ÷׷˱ܡ
ַһţ߷һ˺ڡ
ٲܱǰĴ̬һţ޷ȵĳַɱ
ַʱѵִΧذѩսȦΧ콣һգ˫ȭֻ˱ôתȥűâһһǿߣӦ
ַ̤ʵأ½ס콣߿ɨһƮһϣֶȴѪˣ콣һ΢춼ǽӰ
ذѩεˣѹ£ײбױŷȿķһѴ󸫣һ˵Խһ꺺ɨѰɿ⣬ЦֹȻذѩѡ
ΧսȦʱ߽⡣
ַķ湥ĵìꪣе˾Ҹطȥ
˻С⣡ذѩһӦɱܵĵxǼѺַһַɱȥ
սһţǰľøΪսŮĽ߳Ҳûȥ
ַذѩսǵңοȫߣ˭ֹ˻ϺƶٿͻưΧȥǰŮš
ַذѩʱȴû˼ͷȥˣһսڿտ񱼣һһɽ
ذѩַһɽ϶кγɵС̶ԺˮϢ
ذѩ۵ð£¶׳ļ˿ڣҡͷ̾@ʹһʱ£ϡ
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Ȼ֮ǰַ˲£ȴȷдһ˵
ذѩʱϵѪ˸ɾѵֻʣ̿磬ΰɽƽ̶ڣˮȥشݣħħµİ˴ָʷ֮һϴ뿪͵һκڰ֮ǣ˳һúһ㣬ͨĴƨʥ壬һΧʮȽС壬׷ʹ򡣡
ַ׿̶ߣˮͷϵذѩüֻΪ̽ϢΪҪɱħˣⳡҪ鷳أ
ذѩʼʵûʲô˵ģǴνȥ֮Ǹһ׷ᣬңּµ˶ѡ
ַ۾һνµĳң»վ
ذѩ΢΢һЦʲôҲˣҲˣֻҪħҪֵϢڣħû׼֮ǰзǺһءˣýڤ룬һᣬÿս֮òҪôϢǶ棬ڰ۵ҪҲҪǿȥ۰ղɱʹ졣
ַŵ𣿡
ذѩȻʧЦ㵹ָһԼĵˣ̾⵶Ǻ峤͵ģĺ򵶷ר棬ȺսÿЧʱܲôɱˣƲȥôǼһ˲ңҲҵķˡôһ֮Уһ˿Ҳ˷ѡ



824 طɴ
ַ죬ϵҹǲ콫ʵֽĴʥ壬ǷֻΪ˲̽ħϢͼأ
ذѩ뿪ˮ٣̶ģһѹµƣЦֱ㲻⣬Ҳġһ٣˫ĿâĶųַȻ
ʵҵ治Ϊħ¶ģΪ֮ǰǵ治֪ħ£
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ţ˭ҪܽΪãٽһ̥ǣɹΪ㿪һ˱ǱԿ
ֻܴ֮ĥгɳ˵ǱҲֻڲϵĥУſҵĴʥԭֻѹ޻֮λȡ
˭֪УȻ̽ħֵϢһ£ذѩĵȥ̽飬мħЩһȥ򽻵
ڲͬˣǼȻҪ磬ɷΪΪȻΪһݣֻҪħ統֣ħ𡢻ӣҪһ֮Ȼ֪뷨ЩɵЩЦذѩֺξȥ˵أ
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ѵóַһͷԽֻص̶ˮˮ̶ߵַʪذѩðͷЦС˵ƯʲôذѩΪΪأξ֮УҪǸղű˶⽴㻹ڳôһ
ذѩЦԷǵأȴеͦʵģΪûֺѺͲ˵岿䣬˼ң־η
һ㣬һ״߷İԵķһʩչʱؿɴΧºϢʮܸԪҷǳмְæʹ䳰ȷ಻黳
ַĨϵˮһΪѧģΪλǿô࣬Ҷûаʤ㣿
ذѩʼÿ˶ÿ˲֮ͬҵ֮ǲϵȥظ̾磬˹һΣҾ͹ʮΣٴΣǧΡ
ַ¶һ˿Цذѩȷǰѩ֮ȷʵãַֻֻӦЩ֮ˣңܲˡ
˽̶ˮðʱһ˫Ŀ廳ɫҺһ˶ҪѻΪһѰ׹ˣѺܾûǰ£ǲȥǸȥ룬ֻýеǷ˼ĵףȥ
Ե۽
Աߵذѩ𣬿ַļǾͲ˵ˣһŮˣˣֻҪ˻ţ֮ڵģأǵøϽ·ˣȻΧǾ鷳ˣһ·𣿡
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ذѩɫһ䣬ʧʲô
ַεһ̯֣վ֪ΪξС˵£ǵõǲ֪Ѿˡ
ذѩȥ
һҰɫľС緫пնͷֻһۣͷѹҵڵעǣַ״μϷɵĴ
΢΢Щ棬˼ʲôʱҲŪһңǾͿɴпգȥ֮ˣգۼ䣬Ұ״ǵϿգͣ
ذѩü֣ϵ˺ûж⣬Ϊʲô˵ǵˣ
ַҲĿעҰҵҪħĹҲţ½ûôֵĶ
벻ǣȥһ֪̽ˣ԰գذѩڿնҰ״ȥ˭֪Ǵϵ˲ӭӣٴԶȥԱܿǡ
ذѩַƣ׷˹ȥȺԽʮɵģ״Ծȥ
ʱַҲ΢΢ЩۼذѩҪ׷ȥһΩӲͷƤȫԾȥ
Σǰ״ˣͣ˶һһ󣬺ͰȻڴϣ΢΢Щ죬ͬʱҲее㲻ס
ʱֻͷˡӴһ̤˼ҵˣҪ⡣
ͬʱôǸŮӣ뵽Ϸ׷״䣬ڿ
ɾڴʱŮһ˽̤ϼգհ壬ڷΦǱ״֮
ʱŲĽǱ˿͸ڷΦߴһУչ¾ΰ㣬һʱ˵ֵ͸˿סַذѩ˶еѡ
㲻סҡΣÿζһΣխ˼һţָͷ㶯ˣ˵ˡ



825 ħ
ʱֻŮӹһЦң㷢ʱٲкذѩʧħ㣡˵仰תһȥ
Ů³ۣ¶ػƵĽΣɫĿЦٻһܵ°ܽ
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ѵ𶯵ĽʣʹκĽ֮ĶԲλࡣ
ֲŪ㷢ʹ¶˳ٰ꣬СŮ˵仰󣬾ͰǷһЦذѩûУħƵġǿһʱ
ʱ㷢ӭźӷ磬ƮͻԳκ;ķˣʹΪ·ӡ
ַʱȴ룺Թԣеħ𵽵ǸʲôĿƵһȻǿ߶סԼҪħԣֻͷʣ¡
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΢ʱ׷ϴСҪôбֶΡ
ʱֻذѩȴŭǿ飬ϴҵĽ֮ɱֻħǳãûɱģΪҪԸӣ
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ħЦðǾȷһӣصڲհϣȴûд򿪣ˤŭգѽ
ħϾԱߣֺϥϣ΢ЦǶˣûе˼˵仰أ
ذѩĳǰܾ֮ҪȡͷϤ㣬Ҫұ壬ħ磬ĳ͵ȰˣֻǿɺޣʱһʱȻħŮ
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ַϲͲˣ˶ǲҲҼħ磬С⣬ֻǲ֪ħ󣬻ʲôôôСӵ⣬ٺ٣Ǿ͡
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۾Ͷ㣬̬ƫذѩ޶ãַȴǿĿת
ĿƵذѩΪβ˵أֻҪ㿪ڣҾͷȥ
ذѩŭֺĳϵҲûУħΪвңʹشˡ
ַ΢΢ŵҪңҲûⱾ£ҾͲţȫƲҿвС㣡
ذѩҡͷǧСҲС˳ΣȴʵЫˣһΪҲҲ٣ǾȫŪֻ¾û㹻ʵԸġ
㲻õҶСֵֻлϲ֮ģذѩҲǸҪҥҸ˼ҺǳĽУɵذѩĻ
˶ħ粻սʽ磬ǿѵ˲ģΪҽãͱɱ֮ʵڲĿȥŻѾȰͶѶڼʱһͳħٲǵĺô
תذѩЦڿ㲻룬˼ҲģҾͷǣ
ذѩûУҪȴһ
ǹִĺܣ㲻ҾֻλСֵˣ԰գƵַͷϣָ¿˹
ַͷƤ飬ذѩòŮЫˣ˵ֻ֣֣ذѩʲôȻСү
ذѩħ㣬ȴ֣ĳӲвԸ㲻ҪԼڵ¡
ħЩܲ񣬰ջЦ뿪ʮǿӵȥȻʮѰǣҪԹԽҡ



826 
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ħ㽿Цǲ棬ҲѾˡ
ذѩ֪ͨʲôͻȻЦãʹһΪʮǻѰǣҲֻ÷ˡ
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ذѩɫһȵλֵħſǡ
ħ㿴ذѩһۣһӣವһûУʧˡ
ߣͬХУԾװ㣬ȥ˲ۼʧ
ħŶʧķݳһ˿ĪЦ⡣
ַذѩɱ䵽һɽ֮Ⱥӣǰһ޼ʵĴƽԭˮɽҰ١
ذѩϢһᣬ񡣡
֮ڲݵϣַħħʲôˣô׽
ذѩҡͷܲӳĴʥأҶǻʱأƬΣַղ˵ҪħĻǲģ
˵ˣַذѩһۣͻȻЦһħе¡
ʱַŵһϲ޾ܹ˵ӣôҲûȤġ
ذѩû׷ʲô˼ŵħǼƹˣϴҾͲܱ˵Ҳһ·˵аѰǣطǵӲųɡ
ַҡͷֻҪصõĶҲֵģ֮ԷܾΪ˱ϴεĲɱ֮´ɾˡ
ذѩͷмһ뷽跨Ūȥ˵ͻȻһָ·һ޼ʵɽֵȻǲѰطǶİأҪʵҲͻܱ䵽ǿ
ַü㵽͵ʲô˵ַɫ΢䣬뵽ʲôʧӦòǡ
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Ÿַ˹ķʽŵڻ飬Ϊʯÿα仯ᷢͨĹâһɾͱ¶ǺλãȥѰصĵطƽʯϵİأܽڣ
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ַҲվ׷ȥ
£һɽ֮еˮ̶УⲨ㣬ãεΪۡ
ذѩ̯֣΢ЦҺľĻĴʥǿ鱦񡣡ʯǿȥ覣˸Եſ
˿ԲĴʥķǧ꣬Ƴɹʯе̺ʲôܣ¾ֻпԼȥ̽ˡ
ַĿתصذѩϵı̽ȡʱֽһæʯ˳ȥļµҵ죡Ϊô֣ûڵҵġ
ذѩһ૵ûɣҾŬҲֻ⣬֮⣬Ҳܷκ
ַСûʯݸذѩһ£û˵ѣ
ذѩĽӹϸһᣬֱûзһ󣬲ŵǲǸӦˣ¶ʼѣʹһƬͣдܣоˡ
ַ̽ȻҡͷָоǾԲġ԰գΪӦ֤е뷨ٴνʯС˹ɲŵַ֣ȫ˸
һѽյֵʯ׸ذѩڲˣǲ䶳ҵ֣ҸղͻȻһķϢ˵ƽ֮С
⻰ذѩȫĶƽŵıĿеʱʱȣ
ַбҪ˵ô
һᣬذѩ૵ȣͬʱֲͬϢʯ
ַתذѩȴĴ𰸣˭֪첻ַ͵СϰﲻиƨãҾ·ǻʶʯڲ̽ĺã
ʶ̽ʯڲذѩ־ϲ
Ȼ˵ַذѩɻѵʶ̽ʯ֮У



827 ʯ
⻰ذѩҵʶ̽ʯ֮Уһδоʯܺдȣкֻ֪ȴ֪̽ʶȻڣϸĲУ֮ΪУһ벻ջ񡣡
ַЦɢ֮ûһֵܵˣ˵ķϢˣĴʥľǧҲֻȴûǿôΪ
ذѩȻûջҪԣղǶڤһᣬָһʵֲУãڶʱڵ֪ʯصİأǾͻ
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ַһҪʱȴҧҧǿѹɳ嶯˻Сİںģָ羮Ѩɴ˶ת֮
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ΨüĴӡڵѨһʹ±ɷӡ
һҧ̣ǿ߻ħвһ߿Ц̵ģаţֲذѩһֱⶫİ֮һְֺޣΪкеֹȻܲˡ
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ͷ֮ϣ亹ӳذѩתϡ
ַܵϵذѩüַգǺ⣿
ַʹĴеҪ⣬ٲйȥڵĺСүҪˣʼʱܿƺھߵٶȣϣԱȵĻкڻ㣬ȡΪá
֪ĪȡʱͻȻԱ񳱼ӿڣɺƵ񴳵ĺĻ֧飬ɾ
κһܲסѹʱ͵߻ħصĽ׶Ρ
Ľӡ
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ʱַҲȭɲǣһɡ
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ۣۣۣųصĺԶȥַ֪ذѩĺˣԼҲȫ鵴ܵòϡ
ʱַҵæơ
·ˡ
ؾĻʯԴԴֵĺܣͬʱע֮
飬ַѧˣѱʯĺͬٶȣƴϡ
һʯӰ겻ĸоȫųԺ⣬һȫ֮
һһŲͬԴͷʸ֮ڡ
ַ֪Ǿɰܵһ̣龲羮֮£ԦѼ쾢ƹϵĳ߰㣬еĺ
ַһ֮ˣûзḻ飬һ̵ķӦ跨Ŀºȫ⣬跨֮ΪС
ַ׹ΣգðȻ⣬һã˿ܻΣŪã֮գ㣬Ϊ
ʱʯдĺȴַϢĻַ޷ʯеĺбκ巢ƫĪɿӴƥ
һֻʯСռڣ޾Ŀ
ڳ׽ӡ
ַһʱתķʽϺ
ʱֻС䣡һ졣



828 һһ
ȫ᲻ô£ֻлһһȴεĴػһ£Ļ󣬲Ժ֮ڡ
Ƕգݵľ硣
ʱ޵չš
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ַһѪƲ֪˶ٴκ󣬻ظѡ
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ֻذѩĪĿԼȫڶţڽѪһŵɫԱӲȫһȴֻ˿Ѫ£
ַֻ֪ˣҲ˿аЦѪɲģһѪĨȥѪգʰǧ޷ݵĲâ硣
ذѩæƿõֵܵǹǵˣ
ûоʲôװַȻϵı񣬰⣺ΪԼȫܵӰأҪ֪ղŻﱩˣ
΢΢֮£ַһڻ
·ˡ
ڵĻɽ鱩ʤǰƺѺָо˻ڿշӣһ˿úķѻ
ֻһ
ַͻȻڶذѩֻԼǰӰһַʧ
뵽ذѩæǶеǿҫ£ַʶӰСƮУַͷһ漣ٶȣҶƮǰ䵽ϡ
ذѩͬʱĿɿڴʵ˲٣˵ʣҲ˱仯Թԣ˲ãʯȻЩŵ
ʯĺһص֮ܽΪãȻþ޴ͻƣиַЦݶеʯǰڵǿʯʹֳסزɲо
ذѩַľ͸ܺȻղŵӦþǰ˵̥ǣֻϴ׽ˣЧʵֻǿ˾صʹԱӣֻӿ칦ߵٶȡǰǳ컯ĪպΪֵĻ̶ͨһμܶƳ£ֻϢʱ䣬ʵʷǰδе£ֲĴʥҪľǧȥʯˡ
ַϲϲ滹һɼ֮㽫֮˰ɣһҲӦô
ذѩҡͷʶڣӦǹĴڣעûָݣֻȥˣҲãٲûĽٺ٣Ѷ죬һû֪жˮ̶ԺҪԼŬˡ
ַóϷССˣģа취е˵ַһǾֶԸñ
ذѩüаҪǲУǧҪǿⱦÿʱûһ԰йţܱܿ
ַгĵǲҪģ̫Σһַȫһ뵽һõİ취йǹ˿񱩵
ذѩɻʲô취
ַ΢Ц˵ˣʵܼ򵥣Ǹոݻģǰйһûа㹦Ȼҽʯе뵽ڣݸղʯϵȡ
ذѩĬȻκ󣬿ַ̾ڲôֵ֮κˣ뾡취ռŹ֣ȴԷȾư㣬ںֽذѩ۷
ַЦиͬ
ϸйϸڣ˲ַǰذѩӺưԷģַʯϡ
ַһ󣬵ʼ
͵˹ʱȣעȫʯ֮ڡ
ʱӨԣʹ硣
ͬʱһ£硣
һǿҸо
ʯ˹㣬ױȵľҪֽǵԴȥ
ֶİľ׷׳֣˷üУڲ԰εج
ַϵĻ߷˱񱩵һ档
ʱƳﻢղܣΩɢȥȫһȥ
׵ַȸеڵԱϴθͱƲӿȣҰעȥѭÿһСԼڡ



829 
ַõдɲǼᵽԼǿ˵ľйʱȫѪƶڵĺȴ޼ԴԴ
ذѩʱ죬ַ֪ԱȫʧأȻűʹľ
ַģɰȻȫˣַ϶ˡ
ذѩַķʩΪˣ
һҧذѩ˹
ɽذѩڡ
ذѩһһѪַͷһƬĿġ
˵ľ
ֵ鷢ˡ
͸ʱǱǣٿֱɺȲеǧͷƤɶ궴ҴҴûһܵ⡣ԵǹɺҪǿˡ
ذѩ㲻Ƶ־̲סҽ
ȫѪͣҪը㣬ʹ೬κܵܵ޶ȣַڵıʱȻȻķʽ߷ԱƵǿ˷Եƻ
ʱַվ˳ֻذѩѪҲȣ֪
ȴûذѩҪ˽ս붼룬ȫȡذѩڵĹ
ַذѩѪڶܰľܵĿȫ
ɲǼ䣬ַ֪˵ȫԼϡ
ǶֻȫѶ³
ͻذѩڣԼ崦ȡĥսһѭѱеĹ
˵ľʱѺ
ַ֮ǰѱڵĺȫӿӭڵܡ
䣡
ȫ׼һ°㣬ͬʱѪ
ذѩеȽľأûƫĸоǡôĺƽ⣬˵̩ȻѴ˺ԡ
Ѵ򶨲һڵôתһ񣬽ƣȰѭַȥ
ַ˱ľʱůҲͽЩ죬ʹظæȥͬʱѺԭעذѩ
󷽵ַ򲻶ĺк
·ˡ
ʯȲϾ£âҫޱȡ
ֵڶʵľѭݣɱֻΪȽַʱΪȾ죬ȫ˶˵Ŀƣѭû˿ͣļ
ַһȣһǱ
һ£˾ȵı仯ȴǾã
󣬸Ǵ쾰
ѭذѩڵĺƽ⣬ǿ֡
ذѩб·ʶ㣬಻״˿̾ô¡
ַ֮ĺʹƫĺַʱƫȵĺȲ
ҪĺͿΪΨһ֮£跨Լɺƽ⡣
ںȵǿס仯ذѩӺµˣӼߣҪʩܱƽ⣬ʧ׹µǵĲҾ֡
ַʱ˶ĹֻûضϴӱӿӴ
ҺƣԲţΪ֣֮ĺֶذѩȥذѩǺȾ澢ֻ䵽ڡ
ÿһѭ˵ľƺЩ
ת֮󣬺תɿ죬Ҳ֪˶ٴκͶʱ䡣
ض˶ٸеѰһʹȫըƵģͬʱ
ַǰͣذѩϰգصڲݵϡ
ڵϣֻһʱ
֪һЩԼϷˡ
ذѩһԼʪ͸ɫζȣȴ̩㡣
Ŀһضͬˡ
ɽͷԶɽһƵģɫʵĲκͷḻȱ˴һƳȥܰյÿһƬҶڳ·ǧ˰̬
ذѩж𣬹᲻ܿƵĶ
۾ʱˮڵĻһ塣
ӶͶϣûһ̣Ŀ°ܵԼĴڣ塣
չ֮ʱһһϲͲ㡣
ǰ˵ģľԱƵǿˣ䲢ûֻ̹Ҫһ㾫У°빦
û뵽ǿʯȻôЧξذѩû״



830 
Ҫ֪ʱذѩ㼶ĸ֣дѱȵ죬ղẉ̂һˮݣһ޵̶ÿѨÿ̥ǵر޿չǱıأܲ
кַҵΪôȳġ
ذѩĿ
ַһͷԵŴӶĳһĺˮζ
˰ΣַһǳķʽֽŲذѩȵСΪȻøӢˣŹģеþĲƷ
ذѩȥẹѷֵۻʧЦûǷˣһ㶼˷緶̬
˶һۣͬʱЦΪηЦôЦȴ˭Ū
Ц˰ΣַͻȻų
ذѩڿô
ַһ૵Һоѽһȫµľ磬ȴûдﵽ磬鿴һԼΪʲô硣
ذѩæȥֻȫĴůͻȻذѩ̾ҵӺѿαˣԹԣǱ˲áذѩһʵǱأ
ַЦ̯˫ƣմĩ״Ķ
ذѩϵĲ࣬ŵǱĴʥǧ챦˷ĩ
ַͷⶫڸղűۣˣҪĴʥ׷ǣɾûжˣ
ذѩһЦڳµ̬Ƶ֣ǲ׷ɵˣˣǿʵαǿˣǾĻ磬Ҳֻһ˿ϣ˭˵Ҫذѩ
ַȴǻظ侲ҪΣķղǸտʼħĴʥˣǾԲ׷ŹǵġĿҪҵϪϴϵպѪգδΪǿʱСĵãҿɲѱħʲô챦סȻΧһҹҵˡ
챦ˣ˵ذѩͻȻüͷһ˻˵üǣħм챦Ϊ飬һ΢Ƶģսǿ߾Ϳɷʵͬܵ۵ֻܷӳʵ
ԭôַ΢΢ӦòԶˣǿнɣ
ȻǿнԵ棬ħЩϲɾΪΪˣ˵ذѩȻҲӦô⡣˵Χͬ˭ֱ治٣ƾǵΪ磬ǿߣҲǲ壬ðȻ˽֮Уǿɾ˵ˣ
ַһЦѹ˵˼ҷһˣֽ飬ħҲûж٣ܲĴãɣֻǿг˽ȥСүɲ᱿߽ȥ
ٺ٣⵹Ҷˣڿ˭ûн飬α羳磬ֻҪûн⣬û˭ͺεǣҪҪɱĴʥ壬һЩÿذѩɷµĽ
ҿ˳Ƿˣ˼ҲǣոˣҪǻȥܵ˽֮У޶ˣַֻЦһᣬͻȻˣɽ˼ˣ
֪֮ʱҶڤ״̬ǻ˼ȥʱ䣡ذѩ˫ַԺ󣬰ڵϵûʮ죬ҲӦ߰ˣ
ˣַͻȻ߰һطѰŹأ
ǲϽ뿪ذѩһæȶУַЦһֻøϡ
ûдӿߣĿ̫ˣɽ֮УԾɽȣִԽӺӶ·߸ĲѰ٣԰˵ĸ١
˽ʮ·ǸʱûħӰһ·衣
˼ȸ֡
ħ֮ܣȻ˵ʮ֮󣬶Ѱǣһط߰죬ûѰ
ΨһĽħ֪Ϊǣûеʰǵ
ɵַһɽ֮ʱ֪ǵ뷨Ǵģصأ˴һߡ
ذѩ֪еʲô£
ַ²ͣǰиŮˡ
ַħ
ַ˭
ɽת˲Ѿ
˶ͬʱһŮӽ
ٿͣ¡
ĿͶǰһɽ¶ϡ
ֻб£һλصɴ֮ڵŮӣӭǡ



831 һ
ַǰ˶صħ㣬Ц㵱˵ãȻ
û˵ħһۣӿڽǺ˼ˣôһطһңھȻѾҵˣҲǲӦ÷˶Լˡ
ַذѩһۣŻعͷЦʮ󣬲ôʱɻûˣҪǡ٣ذѩϵܹУڣǵ˽£ǲܵġ
ħ㲻֪ǷذѩкøУⰤԣȵشߵЩɽЩʲôҺ信˲٣ūˡ
⻰ַҲذѩϸֻͷȣȻǰɫ˲٣â¶ᣬƽһַǳ˵
ַ˵ͷذѩЦСϣ˶ǿأ
ذѩЦݰ⣬ĳ˿ɲҽܣ㾹Ȼרڴ˹λݣ˽ɡ
ħüħûʲôĹڣöգҲ㣬ֻҪ㽫ҿԴħ磬Ժ󶼲Ϊ㣡
ذѩ벻˵˵壬ƬΣЦûôڣϧħл˶ɱҶģĳܽ
ʯеַ˸⣬ܽʲôѴ⣬ҪħԿˡ
ַ˿ħ㣬ֿذѩͻȻ΢Ц£һ治ԹۣӲˡһᣬŵСأվȥ˶ɱ˰ɣ֣ȻԺǵβֲɱǻ
⻰ħ㽿ЦΪʲôҪذѩ֣Ҳ֣Ҹҷɱ㡣
ַЦСؿ˰ɣ˶²ɱ㣬أ
ֻáϣһ
ħ㻽彣̤ǰԽңָ˵ٸСǻˣұ׵СҪΪ˵ġ
ַȻģЦǺǵ˶˵ɵ˼ʲôС͵ĿֻСأĳ˿˾ӣ˵ˣһѪƽԽ⿪ĳԹ¾ݣοš
ħ㽿Цذѩǲ㲻Ǽˣ
ַаЦħ֪ǶѾǸõˣ֪ʱܲЦó뵽ַѵڴϾ¿ǲأСأȥͷɣ
ذѩ̤ħǰƽصУ
ħĿޱȸӵɫذѩƬ̺˾ƵģһӣȻ仯ǧӰذѩȫڡ
ַ֪Ϊ벻˾ˡ
ذѩĽ滯һ㺮ǣرûκηӦ
ַ˫ü۾ɫذѩֻݺݶħƽú˵۾
ֻذѩģûξĳԹ
ַ΢΢ǰ˫Ŀ䣬ֻҪħ⽣͸ذѩؿڶ룬ͻ᲻һеĽħɱ
콣ߵذѩõȻһԻĿ˸ʥزɲĹԣݾžһ㲻һϣüͷ¡
ھһ̣ħڳֱ仯
Ǽȿַŭ΢顣
ٿգббϻȥ硣
дذѩв
ذѩе漰ǶֹȻħ齣ˡ
Ѫӿذѩɽûζ
ַһ
ħ˵ɽ¾ͷ쿴ȾϵذѩѪذѩΪβ֣
ذѩһ˹ֹ˿ѪӦ֪֮ûпܵģһ϶𣬴ӴԺ֮䣬ûаϵˣ
ħؿھҵţ̧ͷذѩҡͷǲܵģҿԲǣħʥӡʥŮǳǾͺΪ֮ɡһշûڰԵֵûлҰ׽
СӺأַĿеεذѩϡ
ذѩҡͷЦ֪ˣȻΪԼȥôֻ֮䣬עܵģֻýһñ˴ģ
Ļҿɲҹͬ˸־Ҳǿ㣬ֻϣպҪڣַңңͷϵİ״һۣɻʲôʥӡʥŮУħΪʲôӵûдߣ



832 ʥʥŮ
⻰ذѩҲҰ״ʥӡʥŮָľħħĹŵӣһʮˣ˶ǻǿߣ֪жʥŮһʥ磬ֻûнǵʵһֱǲŲжȻֻҪκһˣ군󼪡
ֵַǸղħΪʲô˵ʥӡʥŮѰǶˣ
ذѩǼѪ·ѱ߳ǰãħ´󽫡ħҲʱͨ磬˵ΣһŽ飬ýԸǰɡ
ַиж㵹ħڶħ£һͿ
ذѩ΢ЦֻҿɣҺܶ¶ҹСҵģͲǡ
ҹַһŵҹʲôϵ
ذѩĿַһۣκһ˿ЦҪˣҶҹСֻ֮ģ֮⣡
ַһȻ㣡
ذѩνʼ򣬽֪ҹСʵ֪Ұһ
ַЦʲôݣǾġ˵ַͻȻһУҲЩŵǧҪ˵幫ݣֻһӣǡ
ݾħʥŮ˵ذѩַı飬ǣƣҲʥʥŮݡ
ַ±ӣ૵ֲҹаԭͲһˡţַɻȻҹħʥŮΪʲôҪ¶ħϸ
ԭˣذѩǻʵҹ磬ԸģԵսѺģֻħ̫ŲòˣҲûϵκ˳֣෴ȹҵ
ַôһ£
ذѩϴֿ֮󣬸һԺڰ֮Ǽһ׺ˣ˳Ӳ̣ɱ˶Է˺ҴԼҹ뿪ʥأ֪;⵽ʹ¾ڴ֮С
˵赭дַȴ󵽵ʱսļңذѩΪԾͲĶӡ
ַһǷ϶ļһ
ذѩȻ֪
ַ˵ΪϴȥѰ°յĻʱƲ׷ɱȥˣˣ˵ˣǵøϽ뿪
ذѩַôˣƺûԵӡ
ַ˰ΣͬȷеѰͷʲôԭ򣿡
ذѩԤеĳЩ鷢ƫ˵ΪҲĸо
ַЦҪɹˣ֮ǶһʱǻǿҪǣҲҪǻӣʲôõĵġ
ַȵ˵úãСзԼǸദأ飬£ǹҶǴʣҹʶģ
ذѩݸЦԼȥɣǷҹС㣿
ֵַ˼ˣֻõ˵˵ɣ
ذѩЦݣ˫Ŀ¶һĺЦݣǸƽػһɽڣһ仰˵㶯֣ҶʮУˡҲʱ˲ŷֶʥӵݣûлΪôʮ֮ڣͻңΪ֮ʱҹСȴͻȻ֣ҵһƣûˣ֪;Ǽ
ַĿɿڴץץͷȷƵΪѲ磿Īǰν֣ǻ쵰Լʵ
ذѩΪ֮ʵƽͶ㣬ҲҪ仯βܷ⵲ţҷǳǻǿɣҹСͻȻ֣ھͲܺһ̸ˡ
ͣһᣬذѩصҹСˡ
ַʧʲô
ذѩ΢ЦħĵλΪߣ˧šħ˧ħŮ޲ǷҰ˵Զˣ
ַӵħ˧ƨ˧ҪСү˧
ذѩɫصĵ겻СȻΪǴг֮ĻǿߣȴǲԶˣڽǿ߾֣Ҳûʲôʤ㡣
Ҳֻв˵˵ˣַ̾벻ħʥʥŮˣǰΪԼǸţڲ֪ǰԼƨǡ



833 
ذѩҲҪ־Լ磬ơҹǵȴڣħ磬Ҳ쳣Ĵڣﵽα磬ѲǲˣֻǲЩԺ˭ǿ˭һжδ֪֮ˡ
ַ¶һ˿Ц⣬ɨذѩһ۵㵽ھҹǵ鷳ƶһߵʯ֪ʯѱʹˣħǸѪѪгر磬ֻ㣬ѿʹħ粻ϧһɱˡ
ذѩַĵԭߵعֵģֻҪǲǵĽ֮У۶βһ֮УȫʵɱǣɱǣҲ۷͵Ͻȥһǿɾ͵òʧˡ
ҲǵеһˣǵַüһᣬͻȻһɽȹô죬Ȼħ㶼Ѱǣ˵ˣͬʱܷˡ
ذѩ¶һ˿ŵЦģƾȻӮҹĻģ;Բٻİ⣬԰ŮӣΣҲͶƴյһġڲƣǾԾƶͻȻֶʩ԰㣬СӳһĽѵΪΣ
ַд󶯣æ̡
ذѩһĿýĺɱһҶö׷ϴ벻ǻͻȻ벻ǵΪô̵ʱ䣬ͻͽټ֣Լֻ̡֮֮Ҫúãڶе£СӳԲ˶ߡ
ַȽоõСϵĿڲ÷ǳĶܲй䣬ɣһܾͻˡ
ذѩԵͲԾƶҪ֪¶٣ħºڣʥӡʥŮҪɱǣħļһȽгرıؼ
ֻҪǶԱѰǣǱǿɳ֮ΨһҪĵģǲͬʱǣͬʱǾ͵Ķˣ
ַӭӵһڵ⣬΢Цҹ˶һֱû뵽˺ֿУ澳ĥȷʵԴҶ˵洦Ҳ޵߷ޱҪһΨһɺ޵һ㣬ǾǸСԵʳˮģһʯҲֵˣߣ˭Ҫַʲôӹġ
ذѩͷͬҪö֪粢Ǻ޼ɵĵطҲµòѰʱĴʥ֮в޵ͶȥǾǷʱˡ
԰գͷҰ״ַһЦҲԾȥ
պһ紵ַڳһ֡ˣϰ״˳籱ϣת˲Զȥ
ɽգʱȺӵˬ
ϵذѩ쳤Цħķд·ħü׷ɱǣ·;Ǿɡ
ַ΢΢Щɻƾڿٶȣôôܿ϶ħ׷ǡ
ذѩĵؽ͵ĴʥƬؾӪôãһܻٴ鱨磬һ£ֶδѶԲҲǡ
ַ˵ͷħսֻʤӲɲҪǵҪֻҪٶȸϵ壬ħֵϢ£һݴĹˡ
ذѩȻΪⷬʵô˵ַһ磬Ӧò²Ŷԡ
ַеεز¶Ӧиأˣħǲ׷ˣ˵ҹҲ֣˵Ƕƣأ
ذѩ˫ĿɱէǰǶƣǱֻؾծˡ
ַ΢Цмһ˺֮ǵģĻǿߣ˵ǳ䲻⣬ǲףҪɱǿɾͲˡ
ذѩû˵ȫۣϣ˻ƻʱ֣ԽʮɽȴûһӰϢֻƾۣٶȴ
ڴʱǰֳһâӭͷƽ
˺ȻһȻ
¸£һţȴ̧ߣƮŵܽ䣬յİ˽ǹƣƿտҲӰ
˹ĪڿŰ㣬磬ֱƮа֮



834 ʵ
ַǰкõĲ飬飬ǰһﶨǳġֻߵӣֳ˶
ذѩִ̽һЦûذѩƫаŪʲô
ʱַ۱ȥ֪۾㣬ıʻĽǶȣӭͷ
ַĿ⳯ɽɨȥܶзʧɢˣڳɽĵһ޳ټ
ʻʮڣѸٽӽ
ذѩһгȫ
һɹĽâʮߵĿռ䣬Ӵȥ֮ǿ֮󣬽Ĳﲻѡ
ַҲ콣Ƶβͧʱ٣ֻҪԷһԣͳ˻ȥ
ذѩӳâڶֻ۾ųѸٽӽĲϼ١
û˿Ҫܿ˼
ֻ飡
ӻɱмǷ׷׳ȥĽذѩû뵽ַҲв졣
ͬʱвס
³ɵʵ̫ˣҲ̫ˡ
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835 ޳
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836 ȻǱ
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ַЦСϢһŭתˣҲҪ̫⣬Щ죬ֵܵһѾСбŭ⣬ҪʲôˮģȽͷ˵𣡡
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839 Ϯɱ
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ַ֮ܣн裬ֹӽ񣬰𿪡
Ȼʱֵһ˽ǹͣϱ˵ĵزλã
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840 ֱײ
粻춥ǿַ֣ҪʱնɱҲǲףֻǹһ
ƣһһУȴַĿ͵ѪһԣײǷߡ˸ˡ
Ǯ߱׷ʮɴƸΣ
ذѩһַ£һȭزȥͬʱɳţ߷ĵˡ
һֽ֣زǱ߾ۼʮˣȥ·ȫضˡ

زڳƣӲյַذѩĸȭĵʱϷХ콣ͷ˱ȵɢ
زȻԼһذѩַ·ĽȻеأһԣһԲ
ȥǿУѹǰУȫʩΪɱʮǿ߽п죬ɾ
xǼͻǰ·ķ
ؽҪһ̣Цǰ
˺ȻȥֻϴΧѩָʷݣЦӯӯǰʮ򲻶ӿźµħ¡
ͷתΪݶȥ
ЦУΥħŮݣɳһʴӰǷ
ʮǿֶʩ
нлء
һݶֳƵӰЦλΪβӰصһأ
ֻһ飬Ǯ߱ʱϵʹ˶ʱݽܵеӾڡ
˿ȥڳƬյأŭĿ
ַذѩȫ޾ɫĵȴǺڲѡ
֮أ磬ΪһʱᣬħˣĲǳ֣ȴû뵽ֻյ֮ơ
ħڱ·;ҲǶ˵Ӱٺ󣬶϶޳Ǹʲ޵ȺԶ
ǵȴȫӦħϣһʱ벻޳ǵĳħצдʧߡ
һ԰ޱȣϴγַ֣ذѩַ£˸вټҹ֪ΪʲôȻַЩøУĴʼɡԹ޲ѣʱǳټм棬ۺ졣
ӿ£Ծϣ˲𻰣ֽɭƣһ֣͵ƣ²սҲҪеӣַذѩǷˡ
ַ֪ս⣬콣ָơ
һԻĿɭĺâֶַеҪʰСӣ˭Ҫȭ
ʱȽɨ
ذѩ˿ȥȻ׿ʾ֡
ַһ콣ӲַȥӦ̩ɽһ

ӣ֮ռѣ˶Ĥļ졣
֮⣬ַûбƵǿýݵĶƵ˰벽
⾰Уַе콣ŵٶȻڶ
â϶룬Ѹûܿ
ʮǰַʹôɽ鱩ʽԵһ
˾Уƻؽǿַʯ쾪һȴƺһӲõѰɣ˻Χ˵Χ֮ɫ࣬羡ʧ
ַһЦèʵҲ׳󣬿лǿߵľ磬ȴûлǿߵʵһϰɣ˵Сүǿ
ʵ⻰ַ˵ˣȻǿѲ˶ƣȴԲȶƺܣ˵ʱϵȶƸ㣬ֻȴֳܱǿѹ˱ưˡ
ϾƿĻǿߣַȴһαģҪӲ¶Ƶʽô׵ġ
кâһƺǿַвһӣʱʮӵǰ
ʱǮ߱ͻȻڶȵȥ
ĳʵĵͷߣ˵Ȩ˶¡
ַذѩֻһнп࣬ǵϣԽԽã˵ڻвŻ߻ᡣ
Է˶ԸذѩĳսֻҲɰˡ
˳˿ΧһƬĿյأ䵽˵ϣңŴĴ֮㣬ȴǷ׷׸ڰ֮С
Ǯ߱ңԵȺ˳һ͵زݽЦ֪ߵغСӣħΪУ˻𣿡
ַЦ棬ֵ¼£˭ĳһ
ڵٿһ𷢺𳤽֡
Ǯ߱һ£ʱ˳˶ʮװǿߣìꪣΧսݣ˺ս˵
ݽ߳һħĸֳʮӽս



841 ɱΧ
ַذѩűҧӭսˮһһӿĿͻ
ذѩȭʩ˫߳ʱӦВ
ַ콣裬鷢âнأ㡣
ֱʱذѩͻȻóһǹ˳ְһǿ˴ɨſ󣬽е֣һв
ַһȣȥܹĸͷնì߷һˡ
ذѩһƿƸմһһ˴תԶһֵĳǹɨǧƮ޶ܲĵˣȺظУѪء
Χʱǵƶһţٲǰ֯ܡ
ַذѩѹǻʲôÿģʱ˿ַ
ַ磬⳸磬ڵȺԾ磬콣˲ҽВǽʬ
ذѩѳǹᴩһ˵ľܺؿں˫ֻóǧӰɱõ˷ĵ㺮
Ǯ߱ȱкܸߵĹƣ벻ǿˣһʱԸ³ֻǲϼսȦǵս
ַذѩʱ̣ʾαʵ۹֡ۡϾ޷ĵز
ܹսĵ˳Ծǵĳкܶʱմƫƫ˾ԶƵģܸЩСţȫ޻֮
ߵȻһյֵĽ·ߣ˭ҲּҵսУܿƵֵѧǰʱλ˾ȷ֪ҲС
תۼ䣬˽ʮߣɼս֮ҡ
ƱǰħԣսȦӽ
˶볡˶ʱѹ󾳣һᣬ޿ɱضദйҲʣڽҪͷƾ΢ĶͻܹҪѼɱ͡
ַ˶ƿ񱩵һ͹϶˿ڣһɨ塢ǿߣֱһеĺ󱳣һǣ˵ߵذѩһ
˶ǻԡѪ඼ǵ˽Ѫ

ذѩһǹӭ϶ƷϷͷĳذѩȦַ֪ٳŲ˶ãȵߣ
ֱȥ
ȻһַͻȻһȦȦĽâ񿴵˶ﲻѣȻʱʵַȴǹܲôˣһӳɨܵǱͻҲѴڳ߲еĶ˿ʱ
عһ׷ַ
ַȫȻĶƣƮ˵ȥϣܴƿһȱʱʱӲԼ
ַ̾һȥ
һ͵Ϯ߽Ʈԭһֱûгֵ硣
緢һȻǳذѩ赲ַֻóʱһᒁĴƣɴ˿ɿĺ˵ľŮθ
Ƶõ˴һĻᣬгһâڿзڵַȥ
ַյ֦˦ĳìӲնƹĳֻأݽֹĿս
󷽾زټΧȺһֵĹơ
ʱϡ¾ǅȺĵˣ־㣬־ȫʧ
ǰȻһ
ذѩŵأǮ߱˫׶ӭͷΪ޳ǵĳֵǼӲذѩȴս֮ҪͬʱӦֵΧʱȵòȡƣֻܽһСĵ̣ȫɵ˴ķʹ
飡
ذѩһǹڿմǮ֮߱ܣУ˫׶Ⱥȥһǹ˸š
ذѩ˼ƣ󷭣ַȥСһʹҲ֪˭һǡ
ַʱơǷ硢زݵһڸΧӦһһʵֱ׷磬ʱʱĪĸӦټϻǶ䣬ʹ˶пհĲȫȻ޷׽Ӳŵһ̡
ذѩַʽһȭȿݣȵߣ
ַһȣ˽һֱȥ
ǹ߾٣ǰܵ˴ӰӲյʵȻơ
ַһллأ۽ĹײӿʮǮ߱ȥ
֮˷׷ĺַײһȱڡ
׷Ǯ߱ȵϣ
˵ЩӦӵʮ˳ì٣ַǰ·
ذѩһƣȴ߷˵زַ˫ַͬ
ַˣһѳСۣͬʱбԽˣͶȥ



842 겻ɢ
ɾʱֻ͡ٴ
ַ磬޼Ĺ֮ڣְذѩУذѩ֪ͷҲѸٰڹ֮УʹͻȻӯűԵľ
ʱֻ׷֮ϣַ֮ذѩ˳󒁷ɣһᣬһּѽַذѩʱѾֻ֮ң
һϲַذѩһףذѩ䵽˳֮⡣
ʱַǲһҲ˲˳ǣɾʱӹ壬ַүӡ
׷Ǯ߱Ĳµõ˾ȻΪƾ裬ն˳ţַּͻȻչͲʹǵʽ׷˿ա
ʱذѩַһۣЦͷԷɣڣϵط԰գûԶɽ֮УûǮ߱һУæ׷ȥ
ַһۣ෴ķ˹ȥʱѴ³˳ǣβַ֮󣬰ˣǲô׷Źַ
ַҪֻҪΧİ£򣬱Ҫ׷Ļ΢΢ʱΨеĵģذѩܲӹǮ߱׷ɱ
뵽̾һٴչǲڶһĿɿڴ֮䣬ٶͻȻתۼ䣬ѳһСڵ㣬ٴμ֮ڵ㶼
Ѻ֮˵׷ɱַǸǰذѩͬѰҵСʱѽӽѣǡ
ԭ
ȣûԶһ㣬һķѾʼˡ
Σذѩɹ׷Ӧϣǲ˵Ҳ֪ġ
ַǸС̶ԣȻЦϴδȥʱ޲ۼȴϣһȥͳ֪ذѩСӻأ
ַȻҡҡλεվЩƣ⵽̶ߣ૵ղ޳ʱʲôˣÿ񾭶˵ĹҰ㣬ʱ̣ϽָʵѰǾֻ·һˡ
ַ꣬ЦÿȳһѪȴ⣬һֻͨһ
ַһͷԽС̶ʱ̶ˮȾ죬ǿʹԿѣ̶еˮѹ̼Լ񾭣ǿԼѡ
ַŬȫ֮ʱ֪ºʱѳСȶĶشббڣѹڵľӰͶȥ
ʱַͻȻˮ̶г彦ˮ飬»Ϊ⣬εΪۡ
ַȻô龰ر΢оһʱôˣ֪䣬ĵӿǵ
ͦøֱ̨һƬ¿͹۵Ĵ⣬δͬǰµҾ磬ͨĿռʹܸܵĳһɲİأյĳֲ
С
صľӿȪµѨַڡ
ַ֪һѵõĻԵʲô룬ҲʲôȫѾ񱣳Ե״̬
Ҳ֪˶ʱѹ
΢΢ЩŭʱֻһߴӰӹȿڰҡԵ߹̶ֱԣȻ£ĳˮ̶ԵƹȻǻȾѪذѩ
˿ʱذѩ³һѪָЦұѰǰֵ׷ɱֻĻֻ÷ǻͷұ㲻˵ôˡ
δ˵꣬ѹ̶ȥ֫ųɸ֣ˮ档
ַ£ӲһᣬֵЩϢɣ
ذѩ̾Һúõغֻл˲רʿɣ硢Ǯ߱ˮЩ˸ѵ£ҵѵ˳ʯеܸɵˮºɱΧ
ȷʵĹ񣡡ַ˸ԲˮƵذѩԣּнŰĿ飬ѺǱˮ̶֮ףǿվֱ壬ָʵ
˴δԹȫ޹˼ɵĽӴˣȤ
ذѩֺЦǿվֱĿ˹ˡ
ַ־˼ǿڤ״̬
¶죬ûȱ¡
Զʱ˻ȴһƬľ
ǰİһʵѷֵӰȰƮ
Ӧۿȥ
ַذѩͬʱʧͽе磡һĻͬʱŮ겻ɢĿµ״̬ʱ̣һ֣ɡ



843 ż
ַѹ߳ذѩԵȥġ
ذѩƣ⻬ɽڣ̶ܽµʯ϶УֳһӰΰأǱˮ̶Էǡ
ˮעȿڴϸĺۼ
ַѭѪϢ׷ģ
ذѩ侲صѪûзģǿֻˣ˭õ˵ôأԻڲɵ̶أ
˶ﴫټ̶ˮĸϣʲˮܷʲôʲô
ˮʱƮ̶ߣĿĹ˺Ŀע̶ˮ
ʱֻ¶һߵĳǵĶӶӦͬʱ˹巢;ע⡣
˶״ôĴˮ磬ǰֻԽӽ޴룬ʱ˶ĴԹҲʱδйľ޸о
ȷͬʹϢֻںҹûľ顣
ݴִ覵ʣῴẦ˵ħŮ
ʹ˳Ƕãӣ̺޾۵ξڴ͵ȺȥѰͷ
κһ΢ϸı飬ôңѡ
̬Լķˣʾް覯R
ˮȻˮ̶֮
һˣʱ⺧٣ʹˮ˶޵ؼ֣ڵĻûа˿Ӧ仯
΢졣
ٿˮԱ߶һλʿ
룬Ӣ˵˫Ŀϼеְַͣ°ȺζǶɡ
ˮǳһˣʹ֪ħµŮҲϣ˵仰
˫ĿɨķߵǶˣߵȥ
ˮ̶ƮѪ˿źۣ֪ϴ˿ڣΪһô죿
ٿؾž֮ʧˣֻ΢ϸƿյķʱȻħг׵Ѱɽ֮ء
֪ͷ͸ڡ
Ҳʱ˽Ŀɨˮ棬ĵ
Ҳ֪ãˮ̶ҲС𣿡
ʱһͳǸԶɽ֮ڣɽеĵطȫѰˣط춼ûзŹܶ㵽ʲôطȥأ
ߵӳ޳ǣǵƣԶ
̶еַذѩдʱƵΣҲСˣΪħãһɱȴ֦𣿡
ӦǣܼԶ˵̶֮ˮˮظϸһΣھطûѰˣ˵̶ˣ
ϵǶƵǻҶ
صĺת٣д󼱣ôȥֻ֮ɾˣοȴԿܻء
ֻˮ졣
ʹֶΣ̶֮ˮ֮Уγɵˮ
ҿˣˮ̶һǲصˡ
ȻͬУһӣ̶ˮº󣬲ȻǸƬɽ֣ɽȥңӵȥ
ţٴγһ˵ؽҪıʯһȴɱҶܣҪϧ۵İСɱµڶ治֪ҹôģһ֣С͵ȥˡ
ˮôһǵһҹˣͲԺ󶼲ˣ˵£ģҹ֡
ƹһЦԳǷǳģʿ亱˲ģǼΪͬ죬ֻҪȥǣҲ˵ǳȥħһ谭ڼ䣬ȫĵȺָӣٺ٣лҡ
ڵĶдƺ޳ܣĻûԵͿʼ˻⣬뵽ħе²׳£಻Ϊˡ
ˮ¶һ۽ЦݣĶ̬㻹ɫˮĹûд֮ǰ뱣֮ʣ
ȻǣֻˣˣѺ͸Ҷƣ䣬Ҷƣֻ˭㡣
˭ңˮĿͶע̶ˮϣԺ˼ɫƺһռʱ䴦ȥ
ư磬ˣ߰ɣɲСӳĴʥطΧħ֮ʱܻС鷳԰գһǰһ˹ȿڡ



844 
ʧڹȿ⣬˶һ
ַզǶӲһᣬ̶ᷢߵĽƣʱǴ˵УԱвˡ
ذѩһʲôǡ˵
ַûһæûʲôҺ˵ðˡ
ذѩȻֻһʣҲǺܲȤĿȫĵطĪǶˮ̶֮ڣȳȥЩƻˣٻصúˡȵʵָ󣬾跨ߣȥ޳ǸɵǮ߱Ʊ£Ȼһ̧磬ذѩǺǵġ
У̫ΣˣҪҲǣ·ϸַ΢΢üͷ֮£ھͲҪˣǻôɣ
ȵ𽥷ףǰʱ֣ȺмĴʥѰСûзǡ
̫ɽ󣬶뿪ˮ̶ˬ壬ȫĸоΨһв㴦ǻʪ͸·á
̶ʯذѩϧ֪γôǱͶ׼·ˣļ·ˣ㻹û·滻
УС˵㣬ͽŴɣִַȡһ·׸ذѩԼҲȡһס
ذѩӹ·ߴߵأʵŻָ˼㣡
ַĨʪˮ飬·úߡ˳ɣֻҪ죬ȫԭ
ذѩĬȻƬΣ̾Ĺֻһϣѷνܼ
ַ̲סʵΣ
ذѩȻҺӲҵˮ̶˹ȱܹɱּӿ˵ٶȣѺ˴룬ֻҪʱܿƺָ֣Բĳڡ
ַյصǸ֮꣬Ҫ̸ף
ذѩǵҹûвμжǱȲģжΪμӡַھ鸮һʱ䣬ҹǸôˣ
ַЦû棬֪ôһˣϳ־㣬ôҲӦǸ˰ɣҲѱûһЩЩݵ£ҹ̬֮䣬Ȼż϶
ذѩô˰ΣȻЦǲٻʥȥ꣬ȿɻħĳЩƻֿ˳ֽѵһЩ֪Ĵģ³֮ѰԶݣ£ʹ죡
ֱַҡͷü㻹ǵ죬ڵаѴڱ֮Уø׷ǣͺױ˾ΧʱܱܲסС⣬ô꣬ǻǸϽ뿪ɣһȫϡ
ذѩˣҲ˵ͷðɣڲȥʥأǻ޳ǣ綼뿪޳ǣǾ͵޳ǵĳףǮ߱䵥ùͷʱ̡
ַֻҪ㲻ػʥأȥǶɣ
԰գȻȥɵֳʱֻſ˸ˣɶӵľһȻ뿪ԭԽ翪ʼǮ߱ǡ
˵ȻϣƾڵΪֻҪûнգ׵ϸɵĳǽڡ
ҪҸǳǵĺλʱһװʮ꣬ͷǵĹӰǽţԳڴǵλǲǶβ
ذѩɳɤӵʲôأǶõҽġ
ϲҽкβǶᱡ
˼˵ÿ˸ɫַ·ɣ
·ͷȥб߹ǱΪ޳Ǳҵҽʦ֪ȴ׼ǣҺüλɽҩңһ֪ˣλմ
ʱ˶ǸıòذѩĵҽĪ죬ֶͽĪأרѨλҩβҽֵ֢
ַòЦҺüʱס
ϲǾͺˣҼСӲ֪κȻȣ־壬ٷôĳˣȴƫҪܵĥ
ذѩһΪǳˣֻҪͨľûЩת͵£Сû̫ˡ
뵽ɽĿַ˭ַ֪˺⣬һҡڵģذѩֱֹСѵῴ
ʱַҪҽʦģлȻǸʵҽʥˡ
ŴͷӿӿԸãǵͣڳǱߵһ֮ϣߵĽƿӣ˽ȥ
Ⱥ۸ݣҶ䲿֮УܰȻӵֺ󳵵ˣĲ򵥡



845 汦
ַذѩװĳȥֻĴǽЩŸľȻ
ȵϾͷеʦҽˣ
ذѩַʹ˸ɫ˼βСӵĲСʧˣʧˣЩܾͻ᲻ƵĶǳˣˣֻÿ粽ǳ
šޣһ˿¶һӡ
Сٷˣҽʦˣ
Сϲҽʦٷ˵ȵĽˡ
Сʹ˸ɫҺͺܹߵȺɣռ̫СˣĪҽʦ
ַذѩ˵ͷ˳У䷿Ϊõùɫ㣬͸븻汸ɣŴһԶһСʡ
һλڴصĻŮӭַذѩһǸǰһ
ֻŮԼ˫ʮˣС磬估ֽ漣ĹޣȲҹ°ȴһڹҳ˷ˣĶ
ʱ洫쳣صٷˣҽʦˣһΪĪҽʦһλĪҽʦͽ
ٷ͸ڴɫ鷳λСᣬķϵ޷죬ʱᣬﻹݣ˭ܲΪ֮⡣
ַȴ뵽ԼܼȺ⣬ೣ¶ٷ˰ε̬ĬĬĲƽίһСηģ
ٷһ⣬׵С̺ʱأ԰գ꣬е˷ݡ
ַذѩһѣֻʰ黳ӲͷƤƵԡ
һλͯĿԣӲ԰׵ˣ̶٣˿ú
ذѩأ쵽౻ڣҵС֡
x֮α澭һݵԼԽ͵ֱӿͷоСȥ
ַڣԵͬʱһ
˭ôģȻҪȥҶٷѪɫʾ赹ϣŵֲַǣǣֻýصҪģ
ٷ㲻ȣְذѩϣǿվȣŵأĪҽʦκ𣿡
ַæοڶٷ˷ģߺɽ֮Уٲݵҽ㲻ܻԭСӵҲؿɱٷ˳ȥϢһ£취
⡭ٷ˿˿ַͻȻһ˿ãҺúܿظȴǶȻǾ鷳Īҽʦˣ㶨Ҫ취ȾҶ԰գԵ˳ȥ
ʱذѩȻ̤һַһ࣬üͷжٳɰգСһ˳ȥϣڵྡ٣ޣҪǿԼҵҩһʱˡ
ַ΢΢üƣСӵҽģ۾߽˵˭ֶΣȻܴڣȥ飬ǰû˵
ذѩ˫ĿһţҺôʱٷѳȥ¶ţħЩһΪϣҲû˵˭гȡ˵ħ绹û֣Ѹɳŭ飬ռ磬ǻ˵á˵ʵûаκСһǾʹȥɣ
ַ⣺飬ƾҽȷʵ죡һᣬַͻȻ΢΢ҧȡһСĸָСϽɫ⣬Ƶͷ£ƽСͷϣȫעСӵڡ
ַûһֶܱסСӵȲ˵̶ȣ˵ַΪ纣׷ɱͿ֪һôĴڡ
ַȡСӵȻҲСӵΨһ
ذѩȸеַйĲˮɻصʲôôŨ𣿡һᣬذѩ뵽ʲôͻȻʧӦòǡ
ַæʹɫֹסĻֶ¿ɲţȻħЩһֶһ׷ɱҵɣ
ذѩʧ̬֮£æסԼ죬л¶ŵɫ
ַܹ֮ᶥ£֮СӵĵγһСС֮ˣԴԴϵͷȷް󣬲Ű˻
ʱٷ˲ŴַԼջСӵǻָȻԺ󶼲ˣ꣬ǲģǴƴ󷨣ض˲Ҫ˵ȥ



846 
ֻСܻٷϲɫѯʡ
ذѩΪ˷ʹٶǵӿڵСӽɼʲôֵûУ
ٷվֱŲСϵ֣ذѩȥﻹݣûа뵽Ļ˵
ַεȾʾذѩ׷ʡ
ʱСӶʱ𣬾һƯĴ۾
ַذѩҲ벻ЧˣȻԶԡ
ٷϲһһеİãȻ֪ʲôµı§ʵ¶֮ĸ顣
˳𣬳˷Ͷأжӯĺ棬ַ˭´˶֣ٳְæ
֮ԥκ󣬲ŵǸ֪ʲôö涣һڰɣλ£Һٷ־
ٷʱ§СǰСߵлҲǵĶԻ
СӴӵ¶ɫĸڣַָذѩλӢĴأôˣղλʲôڷһΣ˹ȥ漫ˡ
ӢĴ磿˵Ŀͬʱڷϡ
ô˶ţСٿתף΢΢Щ
ذѩַ֪ףӢĴ磬ܾǶɣֻǼһΪʲôҪȥСӵҿԶ˶ƣңȴпԡ
ַذѩ壡ǻҪ̽أ
ذѩԼݣȻԼ壬Ц˳ǿŵͷĪ˵öԣҪˣλˣ
һߵĺδλ𰡣
ַͷЦҺõúܼѣ˵һֻ֪壬ʱȡϷѣܼˣ
λԴƬ̡漴ȡһϾңȫݸַ
ذѩַӹϽҵģзЦ⣬ֳǼˣַ֪Ϊ˾СӣõһСֻ¾ЩҵҲлˡ
ٷӯӯǰλҪ£֪лᵽȥ뵽ؽ߳Ͽ
ذѩַ峺۾ഥӹһݵĸоǷʲôŮ֮飬Ϊٷ˵񴿾覣ȴ͸еĽм
ѹĲַٷǵȥػᵽ󸮰ݺٷˡ
ٷӴǷһʱʹףصǮϵЩ΢꣬ʵʾضĸм֧°ɣ
֣ذѩ䵭Ҳʱ۷Ź⣬ײַһѡ
ַа̵ģĪܱȵԼɣȻôϲΣֽӹָⴥٷ˵ʱĺ಻һ
ٷ˱ָһɻȴ齿Ǵûĸоȫһ
ֱַйԹԣ˲ã£Ȼָоͳذѩһлͣڳǽ֮ϣȥû֮С
ٷ˷ӿδйʧоǰʿ״ϡ
һһˣòֺãٷУȴǾȻĴˣҺദʱ࣬ܵԸӢز¶ķǡ
˱ǰǸŰǶ˷ˬֱֱڣҲţǰǸˣĶ֣Բһֱûп˵֮ǰ˭һ
ɵַذѩʱͻȻ֣ȻϿȥҲôŲܾñַذѩ˷
뵽̾ϢһʵǺٻΪĶģɶղȻȺĶӣлһˡ룬ò˼顣
ʱſټأǷĻȥ壿
Щַذˡ
ֵ̤ʵأֻȫѲӵʾǮǮмӳĶһȴŪ޳ǶĻ̡̻
Ǳ˽ȥ
ɵ˹լʱав
ƾͨ˰յŵơ
ļᣬаڣӳĶǳլڵǨ
ַذѩ󲻽⣬ΪǰĲַǸ壬Ƕġ
յǮ߱ҪǣҲӦδǽ֮ǰͰһٴеӣҪݾ
ͻȻһƬСִɱ˽˸ɫſų̣ȫٱȥ



847 ɱ
ֱ˿̣﷢ʲô¡
Ƭκƹɽɱӽˡ
٣һᴩֶһ֮ȥסʱӳʮն
ٶһʱ۾ԭʮؼٵֻΧһˣǮ߱ˡ
ַذѩ˻ڣƹȥһǶ֣Ǯ߱һˣΪȴ£ֻһƴأ
ذѩҲŪͿˣǰôһ£һᣬȻ̧ͷͬã񾡹أ
ַ˰亹Թԣ¿ǲˣ޳ǿ϶ȫħƿ֮УǮ߱ѶûüֵԲҪɱڡ
ذѩ˵ͷˣԸǵģֹǮ߱ģ
˵ͬʱһħʽʼˣѲΪһ˽ﶺˣӦѸ뿪壬Ȼͨ壬ϢɢĸС
ذѩ̧ͷַھͶɣǮ߱ѱɣҲǶˣ
ַ˵ͷͬʱĳ޳ǡ
ĳ޳ǣһĸ···ǡ
³ǻƣҲ֪˶죬ڵפرǳǱ
˱͵壬һϿղµĽĻ߷ܵΨйԹԵߵطذѩӵĴ
رʱȻ𾴣˸ǡ
ȻʶذѩǼۺʵ˭ذѩӣ
ذѩüͷ΢壬Ҿǡ
Ǿٺܵʮسһݡ
ٺȵ󵨿ͽðӣڼǰͷ壬ﵽкĿġ԰գһӣӿ
βַֻȻذѩԼΪ֮Ȼ벻֮ڣȻ˸ðԼ
಻Цذѩǣܷһ
⻰ɫһŭȵΪԼ˭ذѩ˵ܼô
ذѩͷ쵽Ǿǰ˵˾仰һִ֣ӻͳһһһ֪ǰλȻذѩӡ
ǺݺݳԼƣ̬ȴģͷ麮£ͬʱʹ˷ɱԻǡ
ٽкβǺ棬𾴵֮һС˸ղðӣҪɱҪУС˾üͷ
ַʾȻذѩ𾴵ˣΪ֮ڣȻ˲ʶ¶ԷΣסʡ
ذѩЦͷ˺һۺ󣬲ŵ֪߲ɱоͲˣֻҪ´βҪٽڳſھͳˣ
æڵϣ˵ᣬˣ
̸Ц䣬
;ȣٴıǸǽһ򵱹أĪ֮ƣȥһ֮ǣ⻹פӪƺľ֮ơ
¥̨֮ڱţսš
δһȺʿӵ˳ͷذѩֵذϷ˼ʱһϲذϷһʿӵַذѩ˸߲ҽ븮
ʱذѩ̲סذϷʵ׻𣿡
ذϷɫһǸȻ磬Բڲеºǲټһ棬ȥˡǿЦģСñ鱣壬ǧ겻
ذѩؿڴһȭ㣬ɫɷףһŵȥף
ذϷ̾Բͷ˵ˣһȥ£㿴ǲǡ
ذѩŭҪ˵ˣȥ
ʱͻȻǰ洫ĽŲв˳Χ˹
ַһ̧ͷȥֻһͽذѩǰ棬벻ͻˣӳʹĴʥ壬Ĵ浣ǣԮȴ;нٷ˷űȴ⡣
ذѩַʲôٷˣħˣֻһΪλдԡ
ذѩüǮѵ֪ȥĴʥʲôħ£˵ûУ
Ǯɫд£ĩû
ַذѩ˸ɫ֪˴Ū
ذѩأ
Ǯĩǲ֪ÿˡ
ַȥݻǮ·
Ǯе㲻˼رȭδֵܴ
ذѩѹַҵĺֵܡ
Ǯɫ䣬γ彣ȵԭˣɱ⣡
ذѩذϷַ޲ȻԶԡ



848 
Ǯʮ潫Уһ˻һԥδ
ذϷࡰһν֣ŭ߳ǴĴϲ֮գ˭Ҷ֣Ҿ˭
ذϷҰַţЩس׷ȡذѩĴ
ʱڸЩظʿŪһͷˮ֪Ǻá
һЦַ֮ڣʱ˵עȥ
ַһһִذѩĿϣЦСذЦأ֪ǷһºŽкͿ棬ħŪֽţ֪ھȻҪΪУӲҪɱˣ˵ǷЦأ
Ǯѿɫһ죬һף˫Ŀâȵҡ
ذѩָţضĻŭ߳죡ֽڣϸÿֱӲ飬ι
ַƵذѩĺ󱳣̽ͷȥЦʵ˵ǸͿǲڻʲôˣ
ǮԶʱ߳һԼʮϽݵλСֵܿڿ˵ǺͿ棬ʵǴ󲻾ɣֻ½Ǵӱ㣬Ҳѻأ
ַݵֻҪǽȥ˵ϼ仰ԿףǮ첻ɣ
ذϷЦɸ꣬ͽʹ߿죬Ǯø˼ǷΪ˵λСֵǴˣ˵ɱɱġ
Ǯ˵ȣͷʾͬ
ǮҲֻȻ³̾λΪͷСΩдˡ
ҪʹٴʱذѩõǮʱηηβԴϸ룬ڰħ˲סˣڼԲϣҹһԣҪְħ׵
ַ۴еħ缴磬׵壬䵽ƮҡľҲֻǾħһ֮ˡ
ϽȻǰһλϷ߰ɣ
Ǯŭ㡭췴ˡ
Ǯδлѻ˵꣬һһѪذѩն˵
ذѩһᣬǰȥ˻æȥ
ʮڷ·£ŸԺȥ·һƬˣǴҴҶַмϲŶУ޵ȷ˵ãܵϣԼһ𲢣ôֵ
Ϻ޵ɫصĵϷǸŮˣеͻȻôŮˣָӺСֵܶͼ죬ǿɣֻû˿ϷĻ
Ůˣַذѩһۣ˶ôһ£͵ݣֻ¾ˣҲĸԸ
뵽ַһ뷨ذѩ
һߵذϷ磬ǴԸħǸŮһŲϣΪأ
ַ΢΢һЦĵĲɱģѵǰɵֻҪһ֣Գ
ذѩ˶Ƴȡһ£ȻħΪ񹲷ߣܰŮ𣬶޺־顣
һºȻӦŵ
ʱһȳԺдţϵ裬θ˳ֱƺƵĳԺгȥ
ʮʿӸӭ̨׶ϣͷཫ챩ȵδ֮ǿԺǻ¡
ϷȵǧŸϻ壬ԻӭڲŴ߲Ӧžɣ⣬أ
ŭĪҪϣȰѻԺ֮𽻸ұҪִҪͺúõĸұξݹҲ֮ͬ顣
Ϻַ̲סԵһʵСʲôˣ
˲мʲôǿȹϵʱֵԺλá
˵ʱذѩڶŭ߳ʹذѩҪֵ⹷ūſ˵ذѩΪӣʵΪһ岿֮
Ҫ֮λΣҲֲڵϵģذѩһҲиоݡ
ܵذѩһӣԼӵʮ£ʱ׳
ŵʿȴԶԶվţһԹ۵̬
֪һ£С
ο徳˲֪ذѩݣʱĿذѩȻҲڳĿ˵̬ввǹ¡
ᵶȵȺ֮Ժţ˭ҽҹ



849 循
ذѩֵȻˣҰ£Ѻǰá
δл˵ַӳƻóǧ򻯵ӰС
վڱƽķ㶼ܲ籩ȴ˵ƾɨöĵˡ
˿һĻΪ֮ݣõῴӸַȻôֻ̬±ֹеذѩǲضá
ͷϽ˸ɫңպַַˣҪɴۣʱַǼ֮ˣȻǾΪʰħ˵İա
飡飡
Լ֪ʲôطȥʱƣڵϡ
ذѩذϷȴǿѹǵӡ
ʱٲʿУƻȺʿǰ󷭡
ַذϷҰ黤£ذѩȻ֣еؿԺš
Ժһˡ
Ͻеͷţ̤ͨԺĻȡ
ӭŮڣŵûʧɫɪһԣֻ
ָסһʵ
xףϣڡ԰
ַʵǲǻиŮˣ
Ӵǵģ
˾񣬿Ⱥȥ
ŵʮһĴ԰С
һƬֺٴУ˵Ĳ˻˵ɱ಻ɵü֡
ַյذѩԵܲҺԸŮķֹߡ
ذѩ˵ͷ
˵ʱӹּСǰȻʣһžĴ԰
԰ڲ͸Ωֻ԰ĵһСͤһһŮ
еֻ˫ĿȫУԴ֮һŲŲʡ
Ůıǣ˫ָݣֻıӰɿ۶κ˵ңʹ˻ҽַذѩϵ硣
֮ҹһͬζ
һƽʵԶζ
ȴ˲಻ᣬǲ˸УͷǧʯѹţҪ쳤Уйһ

ַ콣ƿյ죬ѹ
˫ĿʱַذѩذϷϺͺ⣬СͤΧš

ݴɱζǿٿȻֹ
𣬻ˣŭݡ
ذϷЦ⒁ͷ­ѪΪ̽ħϢȴﰲᣬֶ𣿡
޲¶֮ɫ
һ죬õħ£ţѵҡ羲ֹˮİͤڣƶӶţĪ
ַһЦ˵ôǲŶԣֻƾħŮƬ֮ʣҪأ½ٵķֻ֪꣬ħŮֺ֣ͿĻ£˵ͱ˽ѵ
ΪħŮµַذѩ˶Բ£ҪѪˡ
ϳСƽŮӣ⽣εʱ̣򶨵ûƵģһλͿˣ
˫ĿɱǷҪ췴ˣ廹ɱ˵㣡
ֻǲһҲֻͿѣ
ذϷ߳ԳԲݹֵܲ飬
ַβСһδ㡣
һ磬ޱᣬԩģ𣿡
˶а̾
ҡףǲûԩңȷͿ棡
ǲ³˵´ľʱ

ϵͻȻϣȻ߰㵯ȥɱ˳
һ춯صĿУˣ顱һײͤͤĲݵϣѪɫˣѪεεͤϣɲ֮
˾ͷƤ飬˷ʤħǳεüһʱ侹û˸ȥ֡
ַذѩΪǸ˹ңٴ߹ο˻Ǹͨˣߣ֮ذѩһߣҲԶ
һأһָ԰ͤϵ级Ȼ㡭㡭úݵģ
Ҵû㻶ϲңûȥɱκˣһжĸԸģֵܹ˭أ
ѪںĪɫ󷭵



850 ˵
绺վ㷢ֲ֪ʱ˸ӣ˵ᷦӰ
˶ȫ䱸ֹ
ذѩ̤ǰһԽַгңָ磬ȻһӣʱһǧĵħŮȥ
ǡڴʱȻıתذѩһˣҴһݵһذѩķĽ
ذѩ״˹ͨѹòҪѪ澢޴ĸоȫȻһ
޲ɫ䡣
Ŀ䵽ַϣ۾ʱ
ַ֪ذѩ˰͵̤ǰһһȭȥ
ɱգƬƬѡ
㷢ҡף㷢
Χ˶ҪǰĿ¸оеƱһ޵ȥĻ
ħҲû
ھеַֻľʯ󺣣һȥ޻أֲӰ˷ֺȻѧذѩһ
Ȼַü벻ø׷ɱ·;Уһɽܵˣ
ʱ¶ģʹɱ֣ǰһĸذѩһҲ
˸ͲҶˡ
ַһ΢ЦŮȲˣǷʾѶӯһأ
ÿκϢƮһ˿Ц⣬ֱ˸еɫˣ̾ܵѴѣҸطԶҪҵƫҪϧ֮⣬κŵԣֻúȡ֮ˡ
ذѩǻ͵סŭ֣߳
ҪǰַסˣСҿ¡ذѩͷһƣ֪ʱǰһϸɳƱ΢紵룬ɫ΢䣬૵顣
ַ˵ͷǽ飬ôֵĸо˼ˣأʱȫһᣬѳýɵ
ɾʱһö̾ϢַذѩĶͬʱ֪ʱһ޵ѽβ˹
ǲǸ߾µдһУٴμ١
ʱӰǹصʱɢ˴룬һɻξϮһʱ֮䡣
ʱֻذѩҺһԵˣһѪһڵأ˲Ծ
硰סһǶȫһ£ذѩԲɥ죬ǰ
ʱַ콣ǹ
罿̾һˮӭַٿطس콣֮ϡ
ļַ𣬵һԡ
񣬿ҲҪѧذѩѪ
Ѵɱһˣ֪˵ذѩֹˣҲɴΪȣתַҲ
һЦֻǧӰѶȫС
һʱ֮ͣ
ͬʱڿնɽĹַذѩ䣬Ʈ˽ֵķΧٸѹ֮ʡ
˭֪ƮʣڰУڶѲһ飬̾ǶһЩʱհɣҳ֮󣬾Ǿ֮ʱ
ַ΢΢һЦ˵ƯղþȫԲκǣȴǲʵǹƨ飬Ҳô˲ڰ֮УͷɢģǱȴһ˵Ȼ֮
ʵҲãʵҲãȥˣټ΢һζԶȥûԶȥ֮С
һߣ˶ĸоҲװǿӲˣ˷׷˴ѪɫźùЩ
ַһѪȻǽ鵽ʲôΪʲôÿζùʹȫѪҺǿѹ£ֻµҪѪ
ذѩҲ˰亹µǵĹһӰǵʹսʱֻҺﻹûȫ飬Ȼǽ¶Ҫˣ
ԺСģǧҪ֮ˣҪȻǿԼô᲻ַ֪һѪеһۣид
Һ㷢ֵļʱҪȻȵݽ֮ʣֻ¾Ůû飬ҲҪҵذѩ΢΢֣ʱˣְ˽֮£õʬˡ



851 ֵ
˶ߺ󣬶˲һСʯϣСչ֮ҹ£ɽӯŲηḻľ̬续Ρ
ַ쿴һǳͻȻСأǷǹħأΪÿսʱƺ֮ϣҿǿ֮У˶Ƕ֮ٶĸ֣㽫Ҳܴﵽ磬Ҳ֮֮࣬
ذѩͷ֮ͬУδԹ̣ǰĹ·ͰɣðȻּôǿĶ֣ҲѹֻˣҪģǶʶ֮Ӳˡ
ַһν±£ڵΪֻдӲŻӲ
ذѩ̿Цȥġ±¡˼ǡϱıƫҪת˵òײ࣬£ͲôҲˡ
ַذѩЦ˰κ󣬵ħڸûʱԸǡ
ذѩ⻰˵ҪûʱԸǣŮ֮£ν͡
ַħҪ磬һҪɨ忿Ĵʥ岿䣬û㹻ĸݵأ֮еĹؼĵĽУ˵£ħǻпǣܴ˽˶Թ
ذѩȻ˻˵ǼԣһˣǾͲмܣֻҪвп跨׵
ַгĵԲ²£ղﵽʲôطȥأ
ذѩʱѵԶԡ
ַ緢ĵȥȥˣһѪշЩ塣
¾Դˣذѩͷͬ⣬ҪɫȥˣַҲûаܳܵסοˣҲҪ˵ֶΡ
ַ΢ЦֻҪħŮݣ£˼Ͳˣÿ峤ֻϺֻ꣬ҪȨӦÿħҰģҲ˼ˡ
ذѩ̾ȻǼȷַıֲǧټƣҪȳˣ˭ҪСַзǳڵһ죬壬ħ˸ÿƳʰǡֻҪһ뿪֮أ˵ԻжһʬҰһ֡
ַЦֻҪħ˲ҹȻΧֺξ֮Уַôױɱ˲֪ٴΣ
ȷǲƵʵַĸ֣Сʱ򣬻ڣûһ죬Ǵ֮Уڱ֮ȥȴѺ̫ˡ
ַΣͻȻڵѻص壬ҲӦûԼĵطˡ
ذѩҪȥ
ַ˫Ŀâ磬ʮң˵ַһ죬ȥһ˵ġ
ذѩ֪̾һ뿪ģȴû뵽һô죬λȥʲôļƻûС
ذѩижĵкܶ»Ϊգ̫࣬һһͿһȥŪʲôƻˡ
ذѩеĵʮҿɲǺദģλﵽ˻棬ȥһλΪ㱣ݻΣһҲɷȥ
ذѩЦǧ򲻿ɣħǿлŵʱ̣ǿֶһΪǵ֮㣬˵ܾһ
˵ַƷȻһС֮¹֮£â쳣бذѩûͬʧ
ַˣҲҪˣ
ȥһأ԰գֱڿնȫٱۣһƬֺ䵽һ£Ⱥɽ£һСǰԭϣ̲ˮľ䵴賿ӨӨĺƮҡ˶ʱһ
Ȼһ֮ء
ַңǰʫƻЦľɫ·ֱ𣬲ζ
ذѩһصĺ͵ַǰ΢Цһֶ뿪ٴ򿪰ɣȻȲֵҲذѩһ⡣
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һѳȥ
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ԴӽƬ֮ķ֣߾һվȻŵĳѪɫһСƬǸĿա
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СϵʱС걾Ҳ˹âҫۣͬʱҲ΢΢һ˿
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858 ּ
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һգһɽ֮£ʱ磬ɽӣЩһһֱŸ·ǵȻ֪ԼʱΪȫóԶˣַǺóԡ
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ײð߿ѪԶһȴһͷ­
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ЦֹǸǻɷŶԵˣ
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ٺ٣вˣһһŮȺжƮ飬˫ʵ̫ʽ䣬ȺðУѴܣƬ̱㵹ˡ
ַЩԹɱ˵ЩʵƲϣһһŮֺնɱ֮⣬̣ǲһۣŭ𣬵ȴ͸¶ְΡ
ԹЩðӶ̾ǲǶ֣°ɣǰץðߣһ仰˵ֻ꣬ͨӶð߾
һһŮǿͣסɭȻ˭Ҫǻɼô
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ŮЦǻ£ɵűָֻţʶģ͸ÿȻҲһˣ



859 ֹ
Ҫңַͷһ漴Цװɣұ֤Ҳ֣
һ㶨ҪˣŮӽӿ߳˵ʲôϻⲻ֪ļһ˵԰գͻȻóһһΪӰ·Ӱַ
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ŮӿһĻɫ䣬΢΢һ𣬺áãƷֵŮɢַ߳ȴЩðߡ
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ʱ䣬Զ˻Ů˾һü¶ϲɫ
ǺɱأԵɽڣγûաȿȣκˣɼƽϡȿȡ
ⲡ˽أͷ˵ͷЯȥŮҲ˲˸ں档
ǲ˴ʱʹԼǰһУɱɾһ뵽ַĻɵֻýҰȥ
αУ·̣ңˮˮ˳ҲޣϪԲʯԱ̣£ľݺ䣬ȴһƬ֣֮ʱֵ򻨾ţϼ
ʱǰΧԼʮˣһȺһҺȺȻɢ
ʱַҲβĿȥȴһСñСͷŭ徾һ꣬һԼ֣ȴһһžߵ
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ַתۿŵͷȭͣʵ򲢲أͬѨλػвͬĳЩѨλһӶĳЩ֮Ҫ󣬿һҴ򣬻Щŵġ
ַʱȴûȤգû֮С



860 
ʱǻƻ裬ĺڤڤʮּžаɺһƵҲĽƮͻ֮Уͣ²ӣϸϸؾȾ̾Ϣһ
Ƿ˹ȥ
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С㲻Ҫ˵ҵҽҲǺѧã˵˼ҵĲǣŮͻȻתַˣȴһʱۡ
ֻŮ޳ͷ٣òҾǸôԶҲе˶ĸ߹ˣֻվ̬˹ͲĸоֳӯżȺջζ
ַؿŵ겻СѾͷȻôˣַĿɿڴƵǰԼнŸСôҲû뵽Ȼ
һôˣһ꣬л֮ʣǰŮ̾˿С㣬ô࣬ǲĸ磡
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Ӱ֮ʱַͷ֣˾ǰζðǸͷԼ뿪ѩʱǵҪֵȥչû뵽ˡ
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861 ɹ
ַҲס֣ҡҲôԱ
ַȻǣš֣ʹҲʹ
š֣˿Ĳأ
ַȻʧЦҲ߲ѣЦЦݼһЦְٻҲʧɫ
֮ԹۣŭߵֿЦʲôַһۣСӣûôܺãʡСѾͷƲ֣ޡ
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ֽһħصĻУַ΢΢һ㶣ЦøթȻƭõôͲˣ
΢΢ЦôɣɱûиӣͿⷦˣ
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һġǣҡҲû˼һȦȻˡ
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⻰Ķ˫Ǻ죬̾ҡҲ룬ּŸˣġĺûϲ
ʱѲ֪һɽ֮Уַüʲôط
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ַȻ˶ĿҪǲô
б߲쿴ԷжЦ˲ˣÿһطЩѰȻǶκβҲ鷳Ծֻö㿪Щˣ磡ɣ



862 ǿ
ַ۹Խǽ룬
֮޼ɵԸ񣬵۹ĹҲҶֻЩϼһﻹǽ²ٳУЩܴԱ£Щҡ
뵽ҲеλΣҲҪߣֿˣգ߽Ժ֮Уʵذڡ
ͦ˸̾ﾰɫµСԺӣȵΪβһô
뵱Ȼĵæȥ͸˰ɡ
ַͻȻҡͷܾе׵԰գжʱס
Ƶͳڴֵû˵ȫϢ̥Ϣ״״Ȼ㣬Ҫпգһ
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֮غǣҪȳס֮Ȼ׷ʳڣԴ֮֮׶༪١
ַһۣһ˿Ǻ֮ɫ˲ȴǰ˵ԴĲԸԶƵĲǺʵĻᡣ
ʱƵͳ𣬲λãķ򴫹ֲǺýɣΪλѧǰͷ֮Ȯ֮ززأ
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Ȼ˶ƵڣַҲǰ˿ʲô£ǼһͻȻ͵ϮڼȻѶ϶˶Ƶλ֮ڣû㵣ġ
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Ҫģǽȳ뵽ַжʱ⣬Ƕ̾ٺãֻԼ˰̣Ͳ
һַһƵİα˴ΪȴҪͷڹꣿ㵽ΪϵģΪҹɱеģ
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ֻһͻʱҪֻ㻹ҪСĿڵĺãӰ븡ڿУ·޷Զطʱɭɱ
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ַͬʱҲϰգ쳤ЦýһЯ뿪һ˫˫սڴˣûеڶԡ
԰գҲ콣֣ңңأȻȴӰһ˿һ


863 Ĺ
˻һ˵ֻ꣬һȫƶȻַֻ˶ķ֮ϣԱСҲĲ԰ס
û˿ԥչʱַľڤϣ֮ƣƵĿ֮Ƴ׵
ƾסһ漴һЦһַ˹
ԶѾõһַȻȥӲƴС֣ˣԶԶһ
ɾڴ˿̣һϤʣǶرԵڴ֡
ַһ٣ͣҲüͷ壬һʱͣ˶ַĹ˿
ͬʱһȥȴԶƮˡ
ƿˣȴɫûκαʾ
ַȴɫ΢䣬ĿһͻȻЦ
Ƕ˶ʱֹڰ֮У֮ɫ
ַɨһۣЦԩҲͷͷѣӡáǶͷôԶĶƵΪλڣܱǵ
áӡ˴˷޿֣һִ֣֮¶Թ֮ɫøǺЦ岿ܼϲɺأ֪Ƿ
ַ΢Ц𣬲ˣĿһתעŶƣȻƣǵ֮սǷӦһУ
üͷһȻҲǵ뷨ʲôҸܲţ
ַЦ˵˵ֲҹûһܿ㣬ԭǰм־壬ȴǴСˣ
ƳǸַⷬҲɫ䣬ŭߡ
ַһɹĿŰ뻢ӡЦСˣϴɹ԰ȵҲã³Թһ˶ϡ
ӡһû˵ȴĿ˸ַһ˿Цǡ
ַڷӲȴܷ̫̫һȻޱȣһﲻѩϼ˪˼ת÷糵һ㣬Բߡ
ȴַԹѵڣȻˣѹöԷʧɫкòȣȻַ֪ʱԵһЩʲôĵˣֻ˶Уܶ϶Щˣٶǻǿߡ
ǵַ֮ʣֻһǿߣȴû뵽ַȻǿ߿⣬붼ȥ顣
Ҳˣַ˵ĻȻǧҪ׳£ȴ²㣬ʱټһץģµַʱ¶̡
ΪԼżΪַַ棬еǷΣԵøҪ
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ӡû𻰣ЦƣôĳƢСڼ㣬˵ħڱص֮ˣһˣλȥ
ŭȥģᲢۣħʥӣʲô£Ҫ˭˵գ۶Ű뻢ӡһ仰ǹǲ
ӡɫ䣬ŭߣȴüͷһ壬ЦʥӴĸҲӣ԰գŻӡԶȥˡ
ԶȥıӰַŶЦ⵹Ĺ֪ҪǳʺǳԲԣ⻰ֱƮ˰뻢ӡĶС
ԣһ٣òѪ
˸ߺַа˿ȴǸɷγɵɽӣӵײʯµˮѤĿ΢ЦǲǿԿˡ
һЦջһȴѭĳûйɵĽ࣬׽ƫûܰգо㡣
ַôüͷ벻㾹ȻֲҪ쵰ˣǲ˼ֲŹǲǰɡ
Ҿã㻹Ϳĺã̤ǰһ˼ľ˳ߣһûһµҡƺַֻҪ˴⣬ͻᷢһ
ֶַûлشĻǲϴ⣬Сܺ룬뻢ӡȻٵǹҸұ֤ħˣΪģȴԲỳɵͷϡ
ȻʧЦ뷨ǳȤֻϧȻвٵļ϶ҲûҪɱǵıҪҪγɿ



864 սʤ
ַݳһ˿ںЦ⣬Ȼͷ˵һ£ȴһ£ħڲСܸûκȤǿ֮սֻСģҪ̫ˣ
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⻰ַ³澹Ȼ̲ޱȵţöƲɲһȫʵĻսʵַǱɡ
֮£ʵҲֻάαĽ㣬һ㣬±ػ۲ԼĴڣʱ򣬾ԼɱַҲǵòʧ
ڶƵĵ뷨ַӦٿ̧ͷ۳ȥĿ⽻˺õĶӡ
ַͣĳߵ֮У׵ֵĸǣ¸е⡣
ַ΢Ц˴˱˴ˣ
˵ľǿ
ʵԶ˵潻棬ѲѹƶԷ
ַʵеˣʵһĪǸ⣬ʱ˿̣ʹϣңּ֮
û磬˹֮䣬ⰻȻȫȻתû˿Ļǿߵйţûж£ƿ⡣
ѡڴʱ˴֣ҪַжǷǣңȵַӲƴĻǵϣ֮ƣһɣȥںܶ෽Լ۵ľУС
Դ֮ʣÿһǴڱѹĲĽ࣬һµķֻҪַӰһȫ֡
ҲҪ޿ˣ޿ɱܵĻлɱԷ
ַ֪˿Ӱ죬Ǹ⣬ĪĸĪ״̬У䰵ʾ罫֮⣬ʹеǿֻ֣Ǿ֮֡
ȻĶġ֮⣬ȻַԼƴܶʵȫɱַ
һҲ򱬷ʵ̫ǿ󣬶۴͵ϽȥϽʲôط֪ʹ½֮ˣǧټƣֲԸϽȥͿ֪ϽԲǴƵء
ðȻȥֻһʱԣͿڷ
ԣֻΪɱַ򲻻ᱬǿߵʵҲֻܱαʵ֮ǰΪαʵȫܺɱַ
ڣŷ֣Լַ̫ˡ
ɶȴǲ֪ѴﵽαַñǿߵȫʵҲɱΪһҵļټǲ
ֽУǵַͬʱʹãǸʱַӵȫ»ǿߵΪԿ֮µַԼܱǲ̸ȥɱ
ֻֽУһʹãַǹˣǷ⹦ûг֮ǰΣҲʹõģ£˶
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ԣ˿̶ַ˵ʹû˿ɳ֮϶³ٳٲ̧ͷʧأһãͻֿµĹֱȴг𵴣̧ͷƶӣһ˿İգֱӽƿµĲ࣬ƻ˸ס
оһĻͻȻֱ󣬰Ȼ׿˫ĿԷȴϻţǱƵĳڳʱǿӲ̬
ַǸӣȴɽһңңƶ֣кɨµţȴݳһ˿Ц⣬ȻǴңһֱڴ˵ң
һ߿Ŷֿ϶ߴ쳣ӣȴѩдϵôȥ룬Ǿˣ
ַ
Ҫ֪˫й˼ɵ£ֻαʵӲһ;
˶ֻαʵи֮ȴԶʱֶȥԷĶ־һɹ
⼸仰á
ַ򡰸ӡֶȥ˼֮ƻˡѩ硱ţ˾ѩĹϵ˷룬ΪַѩҲǺѣ·Ҫмơ
ΪҪ£ذѩ֪߹ѩ硣
ҺַԼ϶ѣǷǳǵ˸ģʶû̫Ӧ΢Цֿ֪СܼҹСĺ֮ǰҹС㳩̸ҹˡ
֮ʩ֮ʾԼҹĹϵ
ַķ֮ѡػϢǴ紦½ָߣ½ĸݵ㶼ϵֶΣҪַ֪٣Ǽ¡
ɼȻӴһַȻȥ˵Լʲôϵֻѡҹˡ
ƹȻ΢о㵡



865 ȫಫ
ַϷŹľӪһȭȭӰվ飬֮ǿ溧ޱȡ
û뵽ַȻһʱ֮£ͷϵĳңأֻǴƳɵּƿȭӰַȭͷײһ
ֻһܵﾡ١
֮У˾񴥵ˣѾɿ⡣
¶ޱȵɫȵһֱ㶼˲ʵ
ַѹ·ڵѪаǶΪԼһαǿ죬ֻһ֣ϰҪַˣԼƣøƽɫ֣֪֮Ƶα籬ʵԸһ
뵽ַ΢΢һЦֿûнˣȻó£ȫ֣Ķ֡
˫ĿǰδеɫʶĽ飿УȻ˶⣬黹ʲô˲ñȻԶƵݣҲӵС
ַԿƣӵϴ֮ʣһʱڽзŶһֻϧû񫣬羹ȻͲģǺź
źƻظݣЦڽ鱣סǲˣû˵ʱ϶ûȫ飬ҽ֮ڣҲֻһˣ
ַЦֹȻһŷԴµĶԼˣ԰գ˫ͬʱƳ˫ȭѸݣ෴ȥȴָƺʱȭͷƣҲûˡ
ɫأҲͳһȭȭͷһʱһɿ磬ֱַȥ
ֻȭͷײһټٿһ𣬷ľ¡
ȻַľػǾͷѹһʯ
˶Ժһȭ󣬶ŲջͷϵĳһȻе̬Ѹ׵Ĵַ˫ƣȻ΢óɾצַСץ
ַһ콣ͻȻ֣óǧٽӰչǲԶ֮ܣ಻ðҲҺƣһԷȥȻǱɽɥַ֮֡
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һᣬֻۡһǧٽӰɢȥַ콣˲ơ
ڴѾõķҲת죬˲䱬
һȫĶ̱ӣתأͬʱ˿
һ̣ʼֵ֪ʵ졣
ڿеʮͦƣ࣬ת֮󣬲ŻظƽʱӢΡ
ַȴ̤գص棬ԭƵĽһ׹֮Ľ֮жƶԷĹּ뻯ľ磬ʹָ羳硣
ַÿһ̳дŶֵĸоԿ̶׽Ҳץòȡ
ռϷ磬ȴ÷ǳҺռ֮ƣǲ콣ͻУȶȫӲһУܹհ֮֡
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ַǿⶨסԼ˵Σƻȥ뱻ڵĹȴҪʮſվȡ
ҪѪҺھѣ֮ʣеʱȬ룬㣬ƺƶֵĹ
ǵַ֮ʱʽͻúպᣬӲʩذĹʽƿж֮УʹԷڵĹֻԭɣȥɱ˵
ħȷǼδѹħʵˣһˣɴ˿֪ħǸû¶ħεȳ̶ȣֻƳ˻磬ﵽ˻ϵľ硣
Ҫһ֮Уħȫֻ֣ûֵܵ
ʱֻಣһ
ֳֳȻЦ̣ȷǸֹӣֽܻ뿪
ַԷһ
Է׷עɥڴ˵Ľ֣Ҫʱ䣬ʾΪԼǿҲǿʤһƸԼᣬƵٶȴַһľ롣
ַһЦ˴˱˴ˣٽСһǰ̤콣Ȼ
ԵشȻɫתΪأ
ַȴסۣʱѼ֮洦ǽâӿʼУһۻޱȵĽ콣һζʵ㵱
״κһǰػַǺû飬Ϊڽ֮ڣҪַһп˵࣬ⲻȫʵĻУַĽƵǧһĪչΨӲһ;
ƴһгƼн
ɾӴʱͻȻը
˷ַѧˣо۶ɢƽ֮ʣͻȻʱн׶ƵԷжС
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866 
˶ֻħжȥַɽʱ˴ƽʱߡ˳ɰտַء
ɽƫƫʧ㣬ַռȻʹַһ췢ӳȴѹκΡ
˫֮պ岽
ȥǵѪգЦջǰ֮ԣʵҽֻһʱѷ꣬дһ˺ִ֣֮дԭ
ַЦԷǵôƸһɶС֮ˣڻҪҪܶ°Եĳ⣬ȥýɣ
ƹЦֿ˿ѪµȻҪֻȴΪ˱𣬶Լǰ̣ӲҪ´ʱ֣˶ڣ
ַٺٴЦߣ߱ǣ˽飬ٺƴһ¾Ͳͣлؼˡַ΢΢һЦǿѹӿͷһѪôƮ˹ȥ
ʵ֮أԶ֮⣬һԶյء
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ʱȴû֮ǰǸɽȣɴ˿ɼղڿս֪УƮɽȺԶˡ
䵽Ϻַ磬ôˡַקȴգɻŵЩ˻ûԶҪš
һַģס
ַҲͷһԶúȻЦˡų˵ðЦƳ̶˶˶ڣһ󷳶񣬽ססؿڡ
ַȻа뻢ӡһ£ɫ䣬Ҳ֪ĶקסһֻԶ½иССˡ
ַǰˣתһʯ붴ʱԴʯסڣٳ磬עԼһͬ
ʩΪֱѨ⣬磬ΪΣδ䣬һߴߴű֮ȸ߷
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Ҳ֪ȥãžʲôײɽ£٣һ꣬һҪѯʣȴַ죬
Ƭ̣һЪֻӡһֶõʵȻѰǵӰãҰԣԦɲͽģˡ
Ȼ֮䣬һౣתӻӡĿ˳Уգƻ֮⣬ͷһֻһСĿڣסַ￿ȥ
ַٶ죬ͷ΢΢һտͷһûæס˫
ǻӡ֮ԽģԶƽޣϸ͵ĸ˿͸ʯ͸ַ˫֣ڡ
ֻ֮⣬·ϪˮůԶԧ죬ˮϷԽ˫֣鲻Խסַ֫
ַû뵽Ԧ֮Ȼд֮æ˹֮ʣӹ³Լϣַɰпࡣ
ԭȸˣȴַбʹ˸գûѰַ߼ŮӣŮ־Ůַ
һ־ңΪãԦ֮Ǿӡˣǹߣһƻ󣬱Թܣֶȵõ󷢣Զ绢ӡεܵס
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ң̣Ů֮£֪йֻ뱧ַһЩ⻰ҡͷ硭ҡҲҪ㱧סҡұá
ַüһڣ־һ壬ߴַԵΣԵβ֪ػ쿪ݾУԣ߿壬бӰ
һпھһ߽˵ΪȻ棬ˣַһ˵꣬Ѵϰ֮Ҳˡ
˴ʱǹֹЪǰ뻢ӡò˳Ѱȥˡ



867 粨
˿һۣԼУ˵߲࣬ѲʤַȴѰ˼ҲûƳԼϵʵ뻢ӡôðȻѰ
вȻ磬ңôȴҪҡ˵һ죬ˮ䡣
ַ΢Цҡͷ˵ɵˣǼģȻˣͲûȥΪˣһ˹ģηģ
˹ԼѾжּгŨбϲѿڱˣһ
ַкЦԼʱΪ˭ȡԼֻҲ¶òĽ֣ԼֻҪһͻƣΪһĻǿߣɿĺ޼ˡ
ͨ˽ڣȻޱߺȡöҩ£ʱֵЩʵС֣ߵ⣬ĿĹˣһȸҰʬ壬­Ѷٻͷʱֻ±Ѫ߰ߡ
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˿о޵ʬ壬˿أаΣصɽʱȴˣַĵĪ֮ץˡһδɽдһҽС
бȥַ󣬽֮ʱ֮Һʹࡣ
ַһסҪӲңֻ
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֮ȥġˡʺ裬Ȼǿ
Цֻұͷ٣ǾţСӲͷȫʬʶģ˵⴦Ц֮ŭԸӣֹ
˵֮ʱַЮ˪У߷Ҳֻ࣬һ߷ѱ٣ǸСİŮһԣáӡ֮֮ڵϣŭѡ
ַУҪҶʰ쵰ٳ԰ݳƣȺ뻢ӡ
Ϊԭ߳ˣ˿͵Ϯ⧲ӡƣʱ໴𣬿Ѫ
վԶЩƵֵַᣬҪַƾգ˫۶ȣһɸվֱθʧҺߡ
ַϢһ֣Ĳӣ뽫סͷӡӰ֣˫䡣
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ֱ仯̫棬ӡַֻʽޱȣȴԵ쳣תһʹ羢ܶ͸壬ʧҺߣ֮ңһѪ
һĻӡĿ࣬İҲ¶Ȼ֮ɫ
ַδֺ˶ˣ˴󷢣һǻȻ׹Գ߳塢ӳǧơ
ӡֻͷ飬аһͷ˶һۣȻϲ¶ɫȴΪ죺Ǽһﲻ˵СӲһôĻƣĪǶǼһƭǡ
뵽ٻַͷҲأ˲ǵʵȻûܵʲôˣԲ֮ļ϶оǶɱˣͬʱַ֮֡
ħ֮ˣƽƣΩͼܣһë£ҲǾƲΪǿʱ˷ԣʱ֮زز
ʱַޣɵ캶ҡ⣬ǲӦŶƣʹǴ־ء
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ַͷһĸ޸ͣһսʹҾȻڻûвȫָһｻֻ֣˶ƵĵǣΪϲߣСүˣȥƽϡ
ĿһŰá
ʱ⣬һתץס֮ı۲ַַʩϮЦվʹ˽ҹ֣ɽģˮڣӡ˵Ȼɫ΢䣬ҪкȥѾ
ַֽ֮󲽣ֶȥֱڿȥˡ
һߣӡַͣȥ֮ʱͻȻݶʡ



868 ۹
ַȥû˿ǻŮ֮ŷѱĥĲε֮ιʥҩٸͨһŷſеϢԼ˳ȥ
ַ˵£͵ĶȥҹɽѰ˸ɽ˵֮˽ȥ
ǰŮ㷥ľʯһɽһСݣ֪ħƱزưոݣ֮ڣҲҹ޿ԡ쳾Ѱϼص޹Ҳࡣ
ЪշϾ㶺Ūħֻĺ
һգַڶֻ֮˵Ķдһ죬ͷһ֪֮ѸԼûҪΪػˣҲʱ뿪ˡ
Ů֮ˣַһǮؼȥˡ
գҲûȥ֮ټıҪŽֱӳŷ˼֮ȥѾͷǺþûˣ֪Ѿͷǲǻǰ
ͬ뿪ɽȣ˼ȥ
˼λ½룬ΪɽΪ־ַǰڷ˼һӣԲѰһ¹ɽס
ɽٴ󽭣ºͣļ紺ɽɫ羰
ַɽµĳǳͣһ̣㿪ʼɽǵΪ½˼󣬷ʲô⣬Ը漺ɽҪڳеֲϣַҲһڴˣЩףֻɽˡ
ɽɽƶͣߣҪɽһǲףַȴƽأΪԶַʲַں
ŵǧߣɫ԰ףַʹԼЩ겻ߣǳ˲ٿͷ˽ַϧֽ𣬲ǱˣǺķЩұֱӷȥɡ
΢΢ַ˻УȴСһ죬΢§ʡ
ַһЦڿնַֻٶ졣
ɽԽԽ䣬ɽǴ죬һɽֻѩĿһƬɫѩǣ״ɷǺÿ
һɽѶɫϣȫɪɪַȡһƤϮˣԵúһ㡣
ԼȴͦţĿԶ޺̬֮úĽΪ֪Ѵﵽʲôľˣأܡ
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ЮɱֻһССĺڰ֮ߣǣַ֣߽ǰ˼壬ˣ֮ܿš
һϣ΢ŭ˭ôûò˽ΣϣݵĺŴ򿪣߳һλüĿˣһϮĺۡ
ַһΣ֪Ƿ˼֪ûѰطҾֵţţ֪ޣԭ
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ַҡͷ΢Цѳ˹ȥǰߣ뿴Ѿͷͨһ
˲ַ˵꣬æǿɲɣ
ַüͷһ壬ѯԭɣɻûڡ
ֵ㲻ܴȥ԰գָ˼ĹҲӦ֪İ˾Ͳڡ
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ƭˣƭˣ㲻ãһҲ²ãǡ
ɫһ죬ͷϹ˵ǻ
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ַ΢΢һЦʮʾ⡣
˴úţ˾⣬Ҳǽ˼ķšֻһ̤£ڿգڿת磬ʱһ̤£ڿգʱڿеתǰһʽȫȻͬ
ʱʮι̤ʮڿеתеᡣ
ʮ̤꣬ͣʵûУ
ַ΢ЦԲķʾ£ˣлˡ



869 
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˭˵Ļû˵ַ꣬ڿնڰһȦֻ֮У۶ɵʮۣƮ
һ֪ÿ۵λʲԼʩչ̤ʮλ˾һţ漴ʮɵ㼣תںϣΪһ壬ϳһͼ
һ£˵ƵĿɿڴַŵôҵ
ַһЦһۣŵһͨ򷨣СڲҲĵãǹƳ²е
СֵܲΪɲ⣬ҲǸ飬ͷǿˣֵ׳꣬ȴӲ˵ԼͷӣЦѡ
ԼǰϵļһַҲֻűӿЦ
һᣬ˲ŵúüţǲҷŽȥģ͵Ǳȥģ˼壬Ƕκ˾ңҿǶܷ
ַ˵ͷʾ֪
ʱͻַǰɵ㼣졣
ѭȥЩ㼣ͻȻΪһ㣬ǽƱڶ룬̶ǽڹâת˹һţַ΢΢Щ棬ȴû˵ʲô
˿ǵͻȻֵİţЦλ
Ī磬㣬˵ʲôôס
ûʲô㲻趮ģиڣʲô롱˵밵֮У֮һصͰʪһ˰ߣоɣ̲סʵ磬Щʲô塢ҵѵôţô͵͵ġ
ַشµķ񣬸һʱҲףΪ˱ܣǲñ֪³ѰŰɡ
ȻСԴǰУصխֳУҶв·Ī淽߰ǰ·һǽڡ
ǺǽһǰһƣǽӦַתǽ̨ףԵ׶ϣһţƹ֮ʱһʪ亮ӭˡ
ַ⣬ԼһУǺ˻ΣһŰ׹⣬Ϣ䣬ָʧ
ȵٳʱһ֮£ӷ棬ˬޱȣ£ͷשʯ̦޺ºˮŨûīɫȻԶȥ
һĻַ˿֪ͨ󣬽˷˼ڲ˳£гַͷȥûڻްҹɫУҲ
ҹӭ洵ʱˮɺʤǺӣʱɪܣŮЦƮȻȥеҡҷ֯
ﻹǷ˼ڲһ㣬˼ӵܣϲ档
ʱǰͻȻֹͣǰ쿴öôĻ
ַһƣǰһʯף̤׶ϣǰһֻǰһ׳լƻԻͣ䣬Ա˳ǰס𣡡
סûסǷ˼ϵסĹǰȴסģǱߵĹ֮ߣҪԲһ㣡ַ±ӣ˵һ䡣
ɻ˵ַ꣬ͻȻüͷȥԼԶдХ֮Ϥĸо
ɻ䣬֮ϣ»ȻĴǣ׵¹⣬ʵһն£һذӰȻԶռٸ֣˸˰֮ϡ
ַߣֻɨɨͣ˰֮УֻһŮӣŮն
Ķ䣬ӡһǳǳĻ֮üеǳ£һ˫ɫ鶯̵ͦǣ΢СϣŵǳЦ
ǰһͷɫ˿ȴѾȫóɫɫ˿˳£ֱ使Ρ
΢»Ʈ衣
Ů£һֻѩ׵ǼĶǷŵİâһ˫ͫȴ˳ַ̽࣬㵵ķ֣СʵȻѴﵽ˻ƶľ磬Ͳһɲ쾳硣
ʵһ
겻ϦǵƤѾͷȻѾˮ飬Ůӵĵǵȼ⴦ķڣȵĺУԸ쳹ҹա
СѾͷ˼壬Ǻ׷
ֻŮ£һӢ䲻ķ˼ʿæǰӭ˹ȥ
ŮȴֱЩˣߣ֪ǰһǣȺŮֲˡ˵䣬۹Ȼ䵽ַϣһ𣬡ؽг



870 Ů
ַ쳤ͷַëЦСһþòˡԡһϲ䡣
ַ̧Ůɬ㻹ô
һ֮϶˼ʪۣŭãһ㶼ã㶼ûùС죬޵˫ˮݺᣬ⼸㶼ûùȻһΣ׹µ
ȴէȻַէէϲӿһת˹ȥַһϣ§סĶһп
ֻůӿ飬һƣȴַһУŭָҴ۾Ҫأ֣
ַԷ֣δԪ֣ϸȴʮ겻Ůѳɣüδﺬ飬ģ촽˵վʣһͷַͷؿ
ַĬȻţ˼ĿеŮ񣬾Ȼ޵һ˵ĻУ־ŭǰŭַ
ַֻһ̧ͷâһһȻûһ˸ǰһ
ãίԼ̧ͷַַ֪ôѰ꣬½ôҪɱ㣬ûһʱ£Ҳ㡣
ַѪһӿŵѰ꣡
Դ뿪ϺѧԺص˵Ϣ͵͵ﰢ˵΢΢ĿַһۣûŽŵʮˣ
ַͷһѿڵûʲôΣգ
㻹еģ֪˼ңЦһ˫С֣һַĶͷȺ΢΢תһȦջصߣȴǺȻ̡
͸Ⱥͣϡ
ַգҲգԴкЩʿѾȫӣߵߡ
ַ˳Ŀ⣬Ҳ䵽ϡ
ʱֻ٣ҧź촽תͷĶַָ˭Թõܵˣ۾
ַдлˣԸɴ׵ԸֻúٺٸЦűӵҵĺãԺҪ׽໥ϡ
ΣȻЦֻĺô
ַͷ磬ô
ַšһҪڣһ˫Ŀϣתһת¶Ȼ֮ɫЦ磬еúȡ˵Ŀעַص˭顣
ַͷ˸ͻɫʧѪɫ˿ðȴãߣáɤһ죬ۿѱˮ
ַɫǲ⣬ת֮䣬򣺡ѰԼ⼸ίԼȥѰѰΪԼеλòôգͨһſڱ
˭֪ûڣǺŭ죬еôַһ㶣ʱ˵Ů˷ûѭ
ȴûƳ֮˺ǳַ̲סλ㣬Ǻģסδ˵꣬ЦСѾͷҸСɫ˵ķݶô
һȣʱɫɷף˭
Ҿ㡣
촽£η㡭㲻
Цѽ㽲ҺַʲôϵδӿڣѵδӣҽɷҲ֪ʲôӹӽҹԶԶģ
⼸仰󵨣ͻأַڶһʱҲδȴԼһ𾪣Ҫףȴֲ֪οڣ΢ΣҪַһǰȥڻ
ΣļһʱҲ֪Ļգ˫һȣˮѻ
ַͷƴζƿ˵Ǻζģһӵ¡
Ƶпɬ֣һ̾ý㣬ΪѸ磬ҡ߱ǡַ֣ȥַæסѿڵôߣӦ㣬Ͳٶˡ
̼һίȻ
Ҫߣϲ˭ַֽټ᲻ֹʱɫ԰ף仯ΣͷһַȥҲ֪Ҫȥ̾ҲգСɫҲΪ㣬ӣҲɣ
תΪϲлл㣬û˸磬治֪ã



871 ʥ
һۣСɫǣַľ죬Ůӣ£½ӹ֣ǰ棬
ɾʱһƮhӰ˲ǰȥǵȥ·
оͻȻֵӰַڴҵУع΢յ˫ۣЩǵƮӰһۣĸַ֪ĸоӰ΢ؿռ䲨
ͬʱĵҲݵüһȻѾ˻żˣǰֽȥʮ֮ڣĻ˼ֻҪһǿˡ
䡣ӰƬռ˶͵ըѿһͷ͵ǵӰƺҪðһ㣬ɫΪԵó첻ѡ
˵˭࣬õŸôôѾڵķ˼壬ַЩ
⻰һݺݵַһۣһǷ˼ǰ̫ˣôûûʥ棬Ƿ˼ΨһػȻλһҲ׷ϵġ
ڲ˽ңŻô˵ַεʼ磬бһϣȻҲˣ
һ㶣ð֮󣬷ԼԶд֮ԶպȻǣ漸ʵһն¡
һػӰȻԶռٸ֣˸ЩӰ˰֮ϡ
УϰӰͻأ֣еӰһɫһͷ޴Ļħķǡ
ַߣֻɨɨͣλ֮λ˼ǰһ߹󣬿ɵЩʥļһǰʱ¹ڵأӭʥأ
ڣȫڳ֮˶ϥӭ˼һ޶ǿ߳ء
ַֻôȥ
Ŀվţ÷˼һɨַϣ𣬴ڵŵĿɿڴ
Ҳ޲Ȼ
ȴַֻһЦǵеӰȭأ˴ˣ뵱ңһСӲ֮ʱǷ龰ֽ𣬻ļ²ˣʱţû뵽ټ֮Եʵ˲ʤпСӲͰˡ
ԭСӣӳ֣һֱûпڵͻȻһвż־͸ֻϲ
ⷬԻڳ֮˶һͷˮ
ȹȻȻַԭôݵλȻվʥ˵ԽȴԽǴ󲻽⣬ʥôַʶ
ȷǷǳ΢
ʱ˼ʾ⣬վַĿһɨµ۹޲͸ɫֽп֪࣬ǶڻԼŲɸ˵Ĺϵ
ַ̧ͷǵƮӰ΢Цϴμ㣬ɴףУʲôأ
ٺ٣Сӵ˺ܣǵƮӰһЦ漴˶ȥɣҪСֺú̸̸
ԣ׷׽ĿͶַϣ֪棬ַһ䣬ҪˣȻҲܿò
ʥΥ˼ݺݵַһۣȥ
ַȴװûס˫ǽһǾͲʥĻˣҲûʲô˲ģôҵˣ΢΢һֱ̣ᵽַİԵ
㣬ûзˣ֮У߲ʵƶ䣬£ƶ֮ϣһŮӺЦ
òƺڶʮ㣬ϵÿһλƺǾһ㣬ľСڵչ֮£ԳƤ΢Ц൐ѩ׵Сţ֮ϣŻɫľΣķ֮£ö֮
Ǳʥ𣿸оôడһᣬͻȻ
ַʱǾ͸ֳһĨ΢Ца㻹ҪһҵΪܸġַʶѸתƵΧϸϸ۲֮£ܷϢʱʱ֣Ȼ֮С
ǽ۵֮£ҲһĨ־ǧ֮Į
뵽ַҲйһµıԼʱ˵û˿£ֻ˵㣬о뷨Ҳ˵ȴǲͬˡ
ȻҪСүΪ棬գֱڿն
ʱԶأ߶ַͶ˹



872 ʥ濪ս
ַһ콣Ƥķת£ɭȻӭɢ͵Ĵǣָ֣γƮͼ޳İ۰紵Ʈ
ŷ콣ңָƽǰֻΪֻǸǿߣڲ֪ԭСӿˣСʥһƴǡ
ַŵ·һſƽؾףը˿ñͲôƽط˼壬˷е״̬
ʲôǵѩСӣ
ʮҵ׷ɱô
ʥսһﻹ治һ㵨󡭡
֮ϣЩŵ̧ͷֵ֮İɫӰ޳С˺촽һﵽʲôôʥ濪ս
Ǽһܵõʥָ㣬ĳɾͣȻ޿
ʥôָܻŲŵ۹⣬֮ذӰ֮Ͻ㡣
˷ѵøԵʱˣְɣҿ˼ʥ嵽ǿᵽֵزַᵯĽ֮صջص
ǺǣǲŮ˽ģˣɾҪСˣЦһǰĿռ˫ֵ趯䣬ת
ַ۾Уڵͫ׼Ӷһƴֻ·жҪٵҿǻǷɸһЩٶɡ
ԣЩƳַһַۣǼֵĿ֮Уֻεĵ˵ͷ轵ٵĳ߿ȥַβ棬ͻȻüͷһ΢ȥ
ʱֻͷַ¶һթЦݣ׵Ƽӿݺݵӡַؿ֮ϡ
飡֮һӰյ䣬ڵϲһغۼ
ƤģȻˣַӵȥͷһؿЩ鲼˿˿Ѫܵؿ֮ϵʹַ۾΢΢죬ŭһ֮
󣬷ƥĽس䱳Ĵȥ
ߣܵһߣȻռ̡˻һռ䲨ϯַ콣һ֮󣬱㱻֮ǿƣȻֻеʱ䣬ǿУȴ㹻ӦһС
Ӱ֮ϣͻȻ֣ͻȻʧһٳֵʱȴѾ˸ղŵڵأٶ֮⡣
·˼ӵܣһЩʶĻǿߣ˴֮ͣУƬƬƬǿռƬʲôȻǿһزô
֮УֱַӲֱİ취ǰķ콣ֱϣһ·ʹ֮Ӵնϵز
Сӣֲƴõô׷ʹôַȵ޴ѩ׵Сţʮ㣬Թ
Ǻǣǰ˵Цˣղһƣû飬Сڻʹˡַ΢΢һЦ콣â޴ĽĻǰȥ
ʲôǰǰǰ𻹼Ӹϡ֣ѵĺôҪ֪ǲµģôʱ˴£ޱĽǰһĻ룬ѩ׵ĳ߶ȥ
ַֻƸպóݺݵӡֻ֮ϡ
ֻͣһֻҽ֮ϴľ޴ֱԼ׷˳ȥһѪ̲סĴ³
ᵴַس֮ϣ˫˲ЦһһΣ㳶ƽˣҪȥҲ㡣ַһ۹âͷϵ콣һңָ
ȻҪ򡭡ü΢壬Լ㣬һ˿⣬΢΢ζƬ̵֮ʮʵ֮Ӱ֮ϵ֡
Ű֮УȻ·з˼ӵܣɻľ֮
ǡ⻯𣿡
ӦáӦǰɣ
ַЩӰһһɨЩӰ΢΢Ŀռ䲨һùķ֮йҡƺ
뿿ȡʤǾ̫ˡܵЩʵǿַͷսⱩǣ콣âһȻԾóǧâЩӰȥ
ַܵ콣ɫ΢䣬һתÿӰжһϸؽӿȵҽڽ֮â֮ռ𵴡
֮һ磬˲ַǰϸؽרĽǶȣֱӳַѺݴ̶ȥ
ظ֮ϣ쳹
˼ӵܺȻ̧ͷ֮ϣɰǧӰϵֲ֣ϵʧ֮Уݺᣬâ䣬֮ռѣƬƬмƮ衣



873 
ʵʥҵؾ񣬻ַû͵ϮѾû˸տʼǰ飬֮ϣҲ˵Ѻֻۣܼ¾Ҫ¶ˣΣҲԸġ
ԣһ֮΢ƣٴַط콣ϸؽȻݺݳһ̣ͻأֵһ콣һӿ籩ϯѩƶ䣬÷顣
ܵ಻ϵĹ￡ϣŭҲʼǿ͵رŷӴγҺʵ״
ַ̧ۣס֣βЦƣǵҪҾһսôҪ֪ͷǶǷ˼ûкô
һһйޣ˲ôСһҲϧ񣬽СĽŶʹˣ׷Ź㣬춨Ҫָʤҽ㣬СѾͷҲˡ
ַüͷ壬űӿЦŮ˻ǲȻôǿʤһҪвѰ˼˵Ϊߣ̫Ѿͷˣһ˵ˣӮеСӷˣ
ڷ˼˵һһ˵ȻƿڣƳһۣ㲻ǵҼɫſϿڸ䣬һ֮棬ǫ̂
ֵַʥ棬С¶롭ַû꣬ҡͷˣߣҾԲ˵ġ
ַסͷĸǱָգҸɣȻֻƾ㣬»סַҪ飡
ҿɲƲ㣡һЦ˻ϸֱۣһİߣչַǰߺͷֵݺݵĳַ顣
ַ΢΢֮䣬ͻٴЦ˼ģеǰȻ⣬ҿҪˣδ䣬ᵯһӰȴֱӱ
ַôҲû룬ƹԼͻȻ֡
һĻַæ·˹ȥǲһ˲ǰһץ֮
δץţû˿֮ɫַ¶һЦݣͻȻóһ籣ɣʱǰ˹ȥ
ʱַҲˣֻｫ裬ó˸ʵߣַ״ŭָСƤʲô
ԭʼϮֻ֮ĿģȻסһ֮棬Ȼһ󱲳ַ֣ĺޣ
Դ΢Щɻĵʲôѵ㲻֪ô
ַȵ֪ƨȳСүһ԰գ΢콣Ծϣ콣ַ֣͵Ĵǣֳֽݺݵĳǰȥ
״һûȵˣ˵Ҳ˿ַ΢΢һԭ˳ڼ֮ϳ籣Ȼ͵𣬽콣ɾס
ַüͷ΢壬ʵû뵽⿴װεİҲԱΪʹãһס콣գ콣ݺһתҪ֮ϡ
ȴֻһ󡭡֨֨ĥһ𻨽䣬˿
ǺǣɲͨĳŶǰƽһʱᣬŪأЦİСȴͣЪڿռ仮һĻȣַ߶ȥ
ߣ𣡡ַЦһ΢סֻ㣬ͬʱڻת콣֮УͻһḡƱ
ܵ콣Ȼɭ佣󾪣΢Ҫջء
ַʹԸ£ݺݵڳ֮һֻ͡һ°ɫĳﾪ㵵ĿУһΪ
ôƽպϰɣַ̽ץסһ°׳籣ǺһЦ
㡭ЩŭǺ죬˫֮а׹΢΢Ƭ̣âֹһСذףС֮ϣƤתֵ
ô붷ôַ΢ֳ̣콣ͻȻһ׽âǰ
ɲŸոտԽʮɣֻȵվס
ַ΢΢һͣЦҾͲѰ
һΪһӰ쵽ͷһӰ쵽ַǰ
ַƳһۣŭǷ׷ǹʣΪʲôҪ趫㣬ȷˣһ̸



874 ĸ
ǺЦǱͷǵзǳ𣬿ϸңгɼأųɼ˵һ˺СѾͷϣͿԾ˵ˡ
ַԼ治סӣ¶֮ʣͬ͸оǸĽɫֻԼҲڷ˼һӣŶ˽ġ
ʱ¶˱ԣַҲǿʹ侲쳤̾µһ֮󣬲ŵұʮ㣬ȴҪ˵Ǹ޳ܵСˣ
üһ壬С΢ô˵ҿʮʮ׼ɣȷгɼˣ⡭Ҹ˵㲻ˣǰڷ˼֮ʱҰæ𣿲мҷңô˵Ҳ԰
ַŭЦǴİæָ·ңֻԼף˵ɣ㵽ô
һ˵ġ쳾¼һġ
ַмΪˡ쳾¼ʥ涼ҪôȻһӵܵҪвҡ
һʣε˭СһＸ겻ȻôֲˣСŮӶ㣬ֻʹЩֶˣ˵ʥ棬Ǻǣѵû˵ŮΪ˴ﵽĿģ˸ӲֶôԴ쳾¼Ϣʮҿڷ˼㼸꣬Ϊ˽պ衶쳾ѰһģȻڽ費裬㣬СѾͷɱɱȴˣΪҲӦûԹԲŶԡ
ַ治ı㣬ɣȻҲ˵ùûʣС
һҧСһ壬ߵôܽ˼ҿôߣң쳾¼Թ
ַһûСŮ˵ĶִһƤУ˵ҿԽ㡶쳾¼Ҫ֤Ժ󶼲ǣ
Ҷ򲻹㣬ʲôȥҪʮҽеġ쳾¼񣬶˼ƿҲŲעˣεӦ
ַЦһƣǰڷ˼ĵεΣڷ˼壬Ҳȫûи飬ħټȣ磬˼Ҳɶһݰȫı֤뵽½ѷġ쳾¼ʵǰ
ｿһʶʱˣ˵ֻӵǾƤʱٿϮַҪѨַӽסҪкһ
ֻһٵȻ˽ַĻУĽЦСѣϵˣΪ̰ġ쳾¼ôСŮֻղһֱѹ˼Ҵһ°ˣ԰գϸݺݵӡַؿ֮ϡ
СŮ˵ַҲģֲ֮£ַܴһɵһƺߣ˺ϵһѪǿеȥ
ȻûַԼؿҲǿ¶ַҲЦһаȻģСүͺģּӡǶԷ֮ͦϡ
ʱͬǴһ㣬˲ͨ죬α˰ɺ󣬲һ˫궯ǵĿֱֱĶַϣå
ַȥǵѪ˿аЦ˴ˣ˴ˣ
˻㣬ˣݺݵĹַһС΢Ʋó籽ֱ͵ַߣȻֱƿնȥ֮С
ɾ뿪֮ǰַһĴСӣҼסˣ뿪ԣԲԴҪԴű䡯Ϊһεķ֮棡Ǽഫ˭Ҳܸţ
ַЦһ±ӣε˵ŮǳȻ٣ȻôһðӣСƤ˭ãһҪ
뵽ַ䵽ϣ£⿪ѨеغСɫѸײڶֶסѨ˺һв֪ȻҲ֪ʲһöˡ
ַſϣ΢Цеôʲô
ͨ죬װݺݵصַһֳۣܿ˿ͻȻ˵ʥ˼ˣôˡ
ַĵСƤˣ
ԣʧʲô漴ôףвˣʥ˼ĸγܹ˵۸˵ַСɫôʥŶԣУҪȥ˼ҽһ£˵꣬ͷɱ
ַüͷһ壬еţһлͬ
Ȼɱʣһɽȥˣַ޵ģвСƤʥѵСѾͷеλԼҪߡ
׷ϣŷ˼վס
ԣַٿصδĸ治ҷתʲôô



875 ֱĶ
ַΪȻԼô˼ĵ⣬ߵַߣղʥ洫ңҪԴʱ֮ãʱѲȥԸĻͰסΣ
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ʱķ˿һĻüͷһ壬ַŮʲôϵ
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˿ַΣԿаҲ֪ԼĴȥǳܵ˰㣬˿ֻҪһɣǰӰ޷׷ȥݼŵĹͷԿǡ



877 û
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ˣӦûʲôˣȥСɡַȡһСƿҩٴζӣȻվ֣Ц
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Цһغ˿ȻЩվָָһɽ֮󣬵ǱߵĲԶٲٲ֮иɽС档
Ŀɽַ֮΢΢˵ͷһץסӵֱۣ§ϸˮȻһ̤ɳ棬һƵرը죬֮ϣȻǱһ޴ӣɷ˵Ȼ嵽ɽ֮ϡ
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СֵܣʮػСˣɱСΣˡĿ⾴ηɨַرӰǰչֳֶΣõ֪ǰ俴Ʋ꣬һز¶ǿߡ
ţ˵ͷַĿٴʮ֮ɨʮˣжŮͣһٻӰϡ
Ů俴ƺڶʮңΪ£΢ǳüȴķһĨɳĮеСĸһ񣬿ʣȻڱ֮Ưȴǻ̡
ŮΪ𱩣̶̵ֻظԼµĲλǷŹͭɫԸСȴǱ¶˵֮£ͬǶ̶̵Ƥȹ֮£¶һ޳Ըдȡ
ַվ涼ܷ֣ѧԺЩΧߣкüߣλŮϸСĴ֮ɨ
еͳͳɱˣŮ£滹лҪʣһαǿߵŮɨ˻ƣ͸ż봹ѡ
ΧǼѱˣʱӿѪ֮⣬΢ţڿʽȥ
Сĵ㣬СѾȥˣֻҪһᣬǾܵþȣƵЩ˵ľٶԸŮӽ촽ĺȵ
ԣվΧЩҲ΢΢һ㣬ǽƣȴȻǺˮ߼ҲŻλңɶԷȴǶαǿߣǸһֱڰûгֵĴ졣
ʵĲ࣬ܲܳŵԮصʵûףҾܳŵԮܲĽǣûаա
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ѧԺ˿ʼ֮ʱһƷȻһӰȻʣһɫ磬һصѧԺЩ˵ļ֮䡣
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ͻȻֵˣ˫΢һƬ̺󣬺ⷽ𽥵ƽȻʱǽţٲѧԺǡ
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أأθոսַαٴͻأͣͣλ׹ˣػξɳ浹ڵ֮ʱеѪ
Ҳκ˽ӣǶɢ˰ɣ콣΢΢ɣַ죬Ŀ콣ɵӰԼȻ飬ػ֮£ǼʹҲ÷ǵ³



882 ѩ
һñᣬĪСǰˣ΢ź촽ĲӬһ㽫ǿķɵַԸŮӣ̲סʧ૵
٣λû°ɣɽ֮ϣ˷ܵСƿѧԺˣ˵Ӫ֮УǺٺɵЦ
С㲻ûطѩҷҾȱôôͻȻֵӣλԸеŮˣü΢֪߳Ǵˣô˵
Ů߳һ٣ЦһַָرӰҵ㣬ⲻǾȱô
ԣ΢΢һ㶣ĿַŮӸüصǷѩ˰ɣô붯˼ҵأʲô
ҲʶֻҪ;ȥѩæͨһ˵΢ЩΣտʼûңɵ˵ҼСɶǺȻ
ѵҲ¶ˣСйʣﲹǰһմȾ㺹˿ط飬õòԶ
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ʶ࣬Ȱ뿪ҿԲƽµĹͷͫз֮Уȴ͸һּɵȻǰַس֣ҲõĴС
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ˣȥɶСеúĶַüͷ΢壬εƫͷصģսܿͻ
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ѹһ˱ҪҲʵ绹ҺУоˡһ׳̾ϢһЩĽҲЩٺϲ
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һ﾿Ǵĵطðİû˵½ô̬ﰡü


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״ɶҲһЦЦˣ·ˣǽǺ˵ĵþˡ
ַųϵʱɱѧԺ֮ˣҲһңҲǷǳܹһʲô
ǿߣ¾ѧԺҲô̬ɣǻҪַսжúЦһ浹ս˭Ըȥģ
ôˣɲУСүŪôƣôҲУַһƽ콣ŶЩѧԺ֮ˣǷһĨЦ̤棬һը죬ŵ棬Ӷ
أĳһαǿߵǰַĮе콣͵ľݺݵ˶Է֮ϣʱһ΢졣
ͫһȻһѪ࣬ͬʱڵһ㣬һɽ֮Уʯм
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½ûлǿ߶ˣǰ⴫˵еǴðġ
ַЦе±ӣЦԾӻûȫﵽ磬Ⱥһһôţֽѵһ£Ժûкô˵ҽǣΪǺãǿɵüס
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ɶǣòûرܡַӿ֪ϴΪʲôҪԲôֻԲһصؿıҪ
ַв𣬿ʼеɶҪ˵ʲôˣɶ峺ſζĿ£ַЦɶСʲôɷһ˵أ
ɶеݵģɶкܺ¡



887 ѩ
̲סʲôúµģСѾͷŵһμ棬ܳ梵ãô죬棬ַЦá
ɶȻ۹º溦˳
ַεɶСǵģͲҪ˵˰գ
ɶظƽֹ֪̾۲ӣ׿ӢڶôӵĻ£ԿɻңڣЩľ֤
ַЦͱڿˣⷬҽŶˣ㾡ܷģַȻǸӣҲһ侮ʯСˣ
ɶĿעַϣҡͷҷɶԣڿֹӣ˵һʵҲ֪ƾɶ֮ԣ˵ַǷȴһССϣֹӦɶм
ɶַҲвҪܻĸоҪ𻰣Զַ̽ͷһԭ˻˼¶ϲɫûеѰ
ַòԵĳǵ˵ͷŻعͷá
ɶݵʹҧ´ֹ
ַһڡ
ʱɶȴ¾Ƶģ̧ͷַ϶صɶֹɶǴؾıǿˣǧȥ
ַԭ˵Ļ˻ȥʧʲôؾʲô
ɶǼУǴһյ磬̺ĪΪʱĹϵĶܷ˱졣Ǵصأ̫࣬ûƵ֮ǰκҲ׳һǷѩ壬ҲûȥôǴصصĽƣǼĥĲˡֻʣһƣƣԲйأˣ޽⣬ϴηɶֹӺг񣬿ֹܽɶϴ⣬Էɶдһ롣֪Ǿͻ۷ǣӿ鷳ˣ֮ǰҪȳӣΪ£ҽҲ˵ֻſȥ׷ɱɶҲ֪ܹݣֹҪ֡
ȥ׷ɱӣַĬĬһᣬҲΪɶеؾЩ⶯Ȳ֮£ԼҪһɱˣϣǴؾʲô˲ñźá
ɶĵĵֹǷΪɶ̫
ַЦֻ˵ᾡΪֻա
ɶϲֹ֪һŵǧˣɶˡƨĵַд񫡣
Ȼ˶Բߣһ˱㲻ͣɶµЩҴ߻ؼȥַһͬȥ׷ɱɧ
ɶƺԽӵƷʮϤ·ַЮŮڿ׷֮ǰһ֮УǾͷ˽ӵӰ
ʱ֣˵ִǳأŴ󿪣˽˰ǣͶ꣬ɶȻ꣬ϴһַһЩ飬гĳһҾ¥ȥ
ӾסҾ¥֮У׼ȥɱӣ£ʮ·˼ʳ£һЩζ
ڹ緹ʱ䣬ʳģ⣬ֻ̨ˡ
ɾڴʱȽ
ַһ漴ȻٺŻΪһĨЦתͷȥҲ֪ǸˣǸѣΪ߾Ȼѩ磬ַа̾һ
ѩ£⣬̾һѶɣ
ַʱħķˣ
ѩɬص֪ħ¶ңȴһֱ㵱ѣûȥЩʲôȴò಻òȰԭ
ַЦκҪһ£ĳһ£ҵ˵ʺͽڣʵѸԤֻһ仰ô֪ʯϣĪɣѽذѩץסˣûдѳʯתң
ѩ벻дһʣ˰Σŵذѩѻص壬ôץģֻԣȷʵûʯԴҲ뵽ϣǿʯǣ浽ħĻܣѩħˣЩºΥġ
ʵѵ϶ʯַϣ뵽ַǲȰҰѶ
ѩ粻õҽˣǿʯûа֮ģֻΪ㵣ģҲֻҲ֪еȡʯʵȴֻܲҸħʥӣΪѰɣ
ַЦȫΪˣΪҸûȥȡʲôʯȴǰвһ䣺ûȴʵʵڷһֻ˵̫Բذѩˣ



888 Ϯɱ
ѩȻʯ䵽𣿡ǲ֮ɫ
ַװģĿЦ£̾ϢҪˣЩħˣ˵ӵȡʲôʯ׷ϴòǱֿ࣬Ҳֵֻ
ѩ˫ĿâһȵȲ˵ʯ£Ϊɫǰе㲻ͬӣΪӣ
ַ˸ҵڶң׷ɱҲ׷ɱĺôһ·Ѫսƴ֮£ʵͻƲŹˡ
⵱Ȼַ׫ֻ֤вؼ٣棬ʹԼԷֱαοѩ硣
ַüƺʲôʯѸ͵ˣûпܵģһĴʥǿƣʥشޱ߼ʣİˣССһʯͬ룬̾ôȡɹ
ѩĬȻΣ̾һȻʹҲûãǰħʥʹңҪ֪ͨ¸Բ֮ҹʯ黹ʥ壬ǽϧһдϰʯȡȥҶס㡣
ַȻŭֵģû֤ݣǾɱңҲʲӹʯ䵹ǧȷ
ѩüǿʯħĹؼħȻʧ𣬴ʧǰڹؼʱ̣Ǳ磬´󺣶ϴɣҸطܱܷͷƣʵڲԸħΪС
ѩĿģַֻһοȴܱ¶ȻħҪҳ֣;ܷһǻġ
ԣѩ͵ֱͦ԰չķᣬִּˣ޻˵˵ֵܣм˵ϣ
ַǰӣһдЦ˵ɣȻȴ֪ѩûʲô⣬ˣֻϴһ
ѩħ磬Ȼһ񶷣һ綼ķѣս࣬ܿĶЩͨգҵ־֮ʿ֮ʹһͳҶ෬۲죬ȻʵǿǸΪһйĶǣ໥ƣħ磬еħͳһ£˵ҵ˼𣿴嵱ǰô˽˵ݶøһԡ
ַ֪ħľϮûһͳһָߣȻһɢɳħһһɵҪַȥ̷һƨħȴ򲻿ܵ¡
뵽ַҡͷ֮̾˭ʤߣֻоʱ俼֤˵Ҳô򵥵һ£˵ֻĿȦӣ˵ҲգַûȤȥ̺κˣ˸־
ѩһЦ˵˼áһַļȻȥˡ
ַűӣѩԶȥıӰһЦã˿ԶȥˣҲӦȥɱˡ
΢΢ıһòַϽסǼ¥һСӳ£ֵǣź͵ƻԻ͵ԺӰ
ͬһʱ䣬ӦӵĴڣҪȡжʱ
ѷЩȴûдԺַѡ
ʱһŭ𣬽˽Ĵ󻤷֮ף֮𣬸;֪ҿŵ뿪
ַһ̤ǰһ̽ץȥȴֱһݵı֮͸Ķ룬ַȴϲǼһĳطܵţǹʽлϵ档
뵽ַЦѣıɤӣһЦʮĵϷȸɱˣа뿪֪Ƿš
һߣڵ𣬽һۺоȵ֪ͽд۹ʥӣȥݹҵֲ档
СүǸƨӣٳһᣡַһСİںģȥĽƣһ߱ЦǲǸҽǾֻǵʥˡ
һѵͳ´ԲӣֻҶʥһëǽȫһ±ؽɱ˵أ԰գб죬һӰͻȻַ
ַЦһҲǹɲǣ΢΢һʣǵϮַӰʱһƺߣֻۣۣۣصĺԶȥϮӲǱĵ⡣
ַɨһۣ΢΢ֻһŻѣ洫׹ص



889 ؾ
ַǻᣬ棬ǵǵӰʱȴ΢΢ֻһڴ֮ϣȫñ⣬˿˿ϴð
ʹڣͬѣ̹ǡ
ⶼַԭǣеȻӣȴѾͷõʶⲻᶨȻйϵô
㲻ãпĳλֵܣĳλ岮Ȼ֪ԼӦӦɱԩ޳ټǲϵʱַ治ˡ
ʱ˫۱գȻѽ̶ȵ֮УַɱֻǾ֮͡
΢΢ԥһַ̾˿еɱԼĿģֻΪô˲ܽɶй¶ȥȻˣԼú˯ϰ֮꣬ҲӦؾ֮ˣ
뷨˫һصĹâ͸㣬Ǳ֮˵ֱȷûȥַ֮չʱĶַٿת
󺺳ַ󴦣ͬʱ߳ٵĳַĿȥַ֪ЦһӰһǿٷַı̬Ц
ַеʱ΢ȹ˾ûбеĻᣬȻбȫַӨ覡޳ڡ
ַȻЦ£СӾҹɧţִ򣡡
Ĵ󺺶һǿߣôҲ벻һ棬עڵϵȻַܱϤߣȻصȻؿ꣬׵ӲڱϣҺߣһţû
ˣַϾתӣʱͷ˶ŭĿӣȫƴţʱ׼˹
ַ⵭ɨһۣٽǰֻŴĵһ˵ǹ󻤷⣬Ǹ͵Ĺͷ󺺣ȫڶţڽѪһŵɫ
ӵĴ󻤷УһλüԻףʮߵԱӲȫһǹɼ֪δҪѰǵ鷳
ַıɤɳ췢һЦɱˣȫ飬ʲôɣ쿴ǻ˳ۣͲΪˡ
ʱǸַ˵Ĺͷ˵ķ֣̤ǰһȵη󱲣ȻĻڹ뿪
ַڰݵһĿˣԴϼһϷȻҪȫףһЦ콣֣ߵвģ;ɣ԰գ콣ƱţĽ䡣
λͷʱüͷ壬
һݵĻǲ̫Եˣ
ַᣬȻѴ㲻ɱˣĿѾɣʱʱЦȺСүûˣˣͣһӴĽһǽѹ˹ȥ
׵ĹͷһǹǵĻɨַȥˣȷ޲ΪⱲʮһзִ磬ַֻΪĿ꣬пܱܿĽ֮·һƬͶȥ
ƿ֮ӯƬռϡ
ַȴȻ壬ٿ³˫û棬ʱַȴͻȻڿնߣ˫ֱȽֻžžʱ
ѸıȥƣһƬƴƵƽɿȥٽֱƿݶԽһϷһ·ΧӰЦһ·£ϿգͶȥ
صɶסĵطֱֱַ˽ȥ
˻Ϻҹ뿪ɶ˵ؾ֮ȥ
ºһԱߣݴɽҪҵôһɽ֮û·治ףַźйһȦŻصɶԱߣ̧ͷ̽ˮӳ£⵴
ɶӰΣЦˡַ΢΢ɻ󣬱ȷȻûͼָĵطӦǴ˵ġ
ַôؾںףҪһʱң
ɶ飬οģֻҪֳֵͼŲҵڵģţ꣬һͼݸַ
ַνӹɶһۣŵȥڣǾʹ棬Сһ㣬𵽴ߣӹɵľ룬
ˮ̹ǡ
ַ³ֱ⴦ѵˮڣοҹ֮ʱȫɲóֻƾо£뵽ַչԼʶ



890 ɷ
׺ȻȻһºӵ
κˣûеͼ£ʱŪص׺ӵһ⴦طȻǷ巢ֵģȻͻ˵ͼֳֵַͼȷ쳯ȷķǱȥ
խ᫣ֲָĺӵǱʮɺַͻȻüͷһ壬еЩԾص׺ӲбԶȥǸͷ
Ƭַ̺ӺˮðͷɶǾڿ϶ڵص׺ڣΪºӻı仯ı䣬ЩطȻʧؾڵʯ׸ıĵλ
ַϢڿʼٲʲôʲӵĵͼżһǼŪ˵⣬һԼķȥѰҺˡ˿غס
»ص׺ַʶȫɢ˿ɽʯɨȥ˰ΣַͻȻһѭоһʯ飬Ȼʯͻ˴ղעȫص׺ӣò
ַĽһүӣ߼ʯȥڴ£ֻ죬ں׵խռⴥʯڻȥ¶һͨڡ
ַڴϲҵھȻڽȥ֮̽ʱͨǰȻˡ̤̤ĽŲ
ַһæȥôҲû뵽棬Ȼ˴ڡ
ĲַغǱһˮ̣ӽɵ˵ĲŴˮð
ɾðˮһ˲䣬ȴһַһ𣬺ʮɵĿռ䣬ںİߣµ˹ȥ
Ӱ󷽵ҪҪСŮΪݱҺʪܵӣ⻰˵ЩΪַȻǸմˮȴһˮҲûУʪܵ顣
ĵЦҲֻЦʹ׼ĿƵͷƤ顣
ɶһһߵڴһǣ˶ǻԲѣȻû˼ܣƾַһˣôܴоȳ˻ֹһ
ںߣվɴ硢Ķơ񳣡ӡѩͷеƷƶַļٲмһˡ
·˷
͸ɴղʲôȥˣ
ߵһѻһֻжλᣬÿٴ𡣡
ƮĵҪûŵԣȳǲűʹǳֶΡ
ַ콣װһɬЦݣͷãСүһͿأ˵ɣַɶɨ飬϶ֻѨƣջĿ⡣
ӡתǾ仰ղȥˣ
ַЦƺδ̸𣿡
ŭЦĴָݺݵеɫתȰС£Ҫĳɫ
ַкЦöֻţ˵һûһ֣ܾߣǶ˫аô
˰ǴˣĿµûеڶѡ񡣡
ӡԹԸӽ¶˵ֻ·һ
ַȻʧЦְɣƾôһտڰ׻ҾͻԹ¶ҾսǽպԻԼȡع
˿Ƶı飬õȫľޱ飬ַȴֱӦڵ𵴣֪ԼǷΪУǵҪ
º붯ġ
ַȻûĥȥǲֻܿʯ٣ǷбɱַһΪǸ𣬽ħԶò
ƷһͳЦͷãȷ̸ͽǮʸǲ뿪һصأ
ַСӻҵڡ
һһֻɣħ֮ģֻҪ̹˵νصأǿɱ֤˺㣬ȫ㣬ǵһ仰
ַħ׿ı֤ȻʳԣﵽؾڣֻһյȲڵĹҴһȥ·յȲԲǻǾͿֶԸǣˣǵñ֤ʱڲøǡ
һֱûѩͻȻȻ˴ԶȥֻҪȷû˵ѣԷˡ
ַҡͷԱһȥ磬ˡ



891 Э
ͷпɽܡתõδʾѽؾ뿪Υҳ顣
õֻеͷķݶ
ʾַ˵ɣ
ַѹھںһʯ֮󡭡ź˵ؾλüеͼƵؾĿһ
ھںײԶַ֮ǰˮɡ
Ƴʲôء
ַҡͷֻѰڣûнȥЩʲôȴǲ֪ˡ
ٿ𣬵ϣû˵Ѱɣߣ
ַǰʱλԼ뿪˽ɫͬʱλλ䣬ַΧ
ַûᷢ㣬һЦԼ𣿲Ӧġ
¶һЦݣĵС棬ǣϷؾڵˣڴ½洦ܣ˵
罿ЦСӣǲû˿ΥԼ֮⣬ֻ㰲˯һŪؾڲʵ󣬲ĺ뿪Ǻɣ˵ջһۣƶ˼ַȴܡ
ַһ˹Կ˼ϵӴѹüûСӣǷǳأ鼱ֻ֪ͨʮѧԺһãǲֹҪʧȥؾеıλֻ»Ҫڴˡ
ȻַҲʮ֮ͨˣ㾪ʮҵˣľԼ
ַȻʧЦⷬǰìܣǼȻһᾪˣΪڣһҪҪɱΪַ֮ô
ӡЦһⷴȲ£ֻʹɱ֡
ַҡͷ̹̾˵֣Ļ൱ãҪߣȴװ쵽Կҿɲұ֤ʲô
Ȳɵ˭֪Ҫʰַ϶ʮапɰõɶαʵһֶǧ֮ڵߣȷǺϡ
ַõǰرƣȻռϷ紦
Ϊַ̨ȻɣҴӦǣһȥؾѰȽʷߣһ֮ڽؾ֮࿹ģ֪УҲ԰ɣ
ⲻʧΪһİ취Ϊ˼ַİȫɶΪˣʲô顣
üһ壬˵
ַڣȻҵĵޣֻҪ˰ȫȥҲŻǺλΣκˡҲɡ
ɫѯַ֮ǵĻӡʾΨһ֮εðɣ֮ԣǷͼı죬׷ɱĺǣһѽûһܻ
ߣҲûСүʲô¸ʲô²ӦһǷֵģַһнӹɶһһѺ
нһЩ飬ַ뿪ʽȴòߣֱʧԶУûһ˸ٺַ˿
תӣˡ
ɫ粻Ȼȷںףǰ·
ַҡͷҪȥ˶ȥҪȻһˣȥֽСѾͷŪ˻񲻹ҵһѪ
ַ˵е뷨־ŭתһƣֻĬĬźףȻмС˵ΪԼڣֹʧ˼˷ģֻС˵ͷ뵽ԼΪʲôͷ΢΢ˮס
໥һַۣЦôǻȥô֮£ΪףӰ˺ףҲַһʱܵȥ
˶׺ַˮ֮ǰǸؾ֮
ڣ֮ǰ˵̫խһֻܳһͨ
ת³һЦ֣Ƚȥϡ
ѩһְ񲻺ӺַֻҪַѰؾڣǾͿڱͻȻϮɱ֣Ա˵͵Ϯַ±Աȫеɡ
ԣƳһۣ༥ַЦ¶ǰλ¶ûĵȺ˺һȱ



892 ֮
ѩ޳ɵôȷ
ַ쵽ǰЦҪ˵һá
ü΢壬ַӹһ߶Ͼɢһء
Ƶۣ΢΢㣬ɱСӣͲ֪ϧô
ֲ͸ģΪʲôҪϧַ΢΢ЦЦֻȡһӣȻý˿ãݵе¿ɾ͸ģмǣԺҪٺˣ
С΢죬ݺݹַһۣŽӹ´ˡ
һĻվһԶŭֱð޲óַ֪ļһ
ַȴûֳС飬һ㣬ֱһġ֮ĵӣˡ
õɨַһ۵Σ
ַǸѡһӣϵĵǼıžǼ˭ĵ˭ں˭ĵ٣˭ǰ
Ȼץô
ַЦŵͷǰڵӰˣ淲ǵΣյҪȥִУץǩǵҲ֮࣬ˣַҲĴ
üôֻˣ
ַӣŮðУԼֻӣ󡣡
ѩͷˡ
Ȼû˵ʲôȴǴַһۡ
ƲԵԼխһʱŭЦãҶץ԰գִַһ飬һۣͻȻнп޵ģôһ㡣
ɫУַҪڶ㣬Ϊַַʩ֣ʱ޶ûطȥޡ
Ѷһ˫飬۾ַ滨ȴַһЦصѩ磬ˡ
ѩַһۣץһ飬̧һƣе˵˺档
ǰ뻢ӡǶȥַֻʣǿȡ˳΢΢üҵôǶ㣡⻰ƶУȴǴˣǺʲôʲô
˶ɿе㣬ѩ㣬ӡ÷ֱġ㣬Ϊ鵽һĶƣ־ּôҺ棬ǲʲô
ַɨһۣЦƷƷǸ䲻ˣᾹȻƤ
Ƥһȣǿ˭Ƥˣڵôôɣߣβ㣬ҪַѪʮףֻҪһлᣬ˫ŹԷԣƤûϣҲַ
¶мĿ˶һۣƹ飬Ȼβ㣬Ǵ㣿ǲǻҪƻһӣŸģ˾ˣԸķ䣬ȻС
һûȥ
ַҲûϵ޳ܣüͷһ壬ӦѩȴҪˣͷŵڶӦöûˡ
ƻѩ绻λãַ棬ĵûؾ֮ǰСٶһʱ䡣ּв֮ɫʧ˼˷ģװɴȵѩֵܵ鲻ôˡ
һƤֻԭӵҲ䲻ƣַһ֮ͨУϢԴúðΣҲϢоɣˮɫ⣬ϸȴַӰӡ
̲סҽȥơȥȴ糶ס˵üȺ򡣡˵ѩ磬ѩ˵ͷͨɭɭԽŵӿ̹ǣս졣
ѩѾȥʱĶҲ಻ס˽ȥ࣬һȻˮУ֪ΪΣʼղصڡ
ֻ·õʲôȥ;ýŲıڣԼһ飬̽һڡ
ƾ񣺡ԭصĳھˮ֮£޹һͿѩַСӵӰˡܽ˻ַʧΪһ£㽫һᣬǱ
˶Уŷνڣһ˸ߵСţźнϣˮǳʮʯѳˮ
ַǹˮУƴ˭ϳˮܼ֮żţڲָʯףһ߹һˣǽзשĦλԽլΧǽΧǽĽֵ·
һ뵽ַѩصƶ˹ƶˣڲʱصֻҡѩˣɳֽŪټ޻ѩ硭



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뵽пϲɴϢ˭֪صоϢƬ̣̲סѹɤӣԻ֣ѩˣ
Ҳ˴𣬶ƽ˸ϵɱ֣ɵǰϸֻһδһ죬·ײǽڡ
ƳԳһЦǸ׽Բô˵Цӵ촦ŷ䣬һĴʹӿƲҺһҽգֳڣͼסΣһʹֱֱ͸ơ
ٽֻ䡱һƲ֪ʲôײһ£ǹǿ͵ĳײããڰһռ䣬µֻһһͷԽһĶڡ
ٵ£һǿ߻飬ͷת򣬲֪˼
جδᣬӺ¶飬ɺգһ̣պðʵãͷһʱ֮䣬Ȼá
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ƲŵĴɹԴǷںڰ̫ãȻʲô
ɶƵ䣬һͳѾ𣺡ûпǵȷֹҼù⣬ҲòҪҶ
ǰͻȻһ⣬ǵԽԽ󣬺ǰȻһַֻЦȡһ¹ʯƬռյͨƼҲУһֱֱӭ浴ĿɿڴԳԵص㣬㡭
ַЦֺ࣬⵱󡹦أ£ǧʵڣ
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ٿ˿סԼҲһ޶ʱкȻ⵽ʲôطȻһ˵
ټַȻҲУȴδлȻѩˣ½ƻأٽ˼ݺ뵽ٿ侲ַɫʮˡ
ʱƬռͻȻֶˡ
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㣬ǺǣôĿַֻЦӹȵǰǲǣ
ﻰַصҲһġ
ڻҪ˵ѡ߳Щƾ㲼µġ
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ôĿҧȲãΪǶˣȴһҲûС
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ƴŭҪȴЦһô˵ҰѵƣҴһҲˣ⵹ãھԣǺ˻ǻˡ
ַűӿЦˣͱˣ
Ƶӿڵ˭Ц棬ȥһ֣
⻰ַðԣ
㡭ɫĺˣɱ䣡
ѩ粻϶һԲͣѽţæм䣬ˣվӦͬ۹ãôʱƴɱ
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Сӿû£ҪԼȥƺˣַһЦǼ֮⣬գϣȴѩסѩ֮䣬ҵòΪѡ
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ôͷˣСҲˣַҲͻȻһȭĳ飬͵ַǴյһ˲䣬ǴͻȻԵı仯İȥһݵռ䡣
޼м䣬ޡ
ַĻӿǴʱЯһַɾڶƵĹҪʵ֮ʱַֻȫͻȻһ׹⣬漴ʧˡ
һɿգֲĸоʹѪ



894 
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΢΢üͷָ΢ֻ͡
һٵָ磬ײķգһ
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ڳһָ죬пǴеĳƣ򲻻ֹ졣
ָһ˹ӿ漴Ҳһ㣬Ƭռʧˡ
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˷׷ʧƬռ֮ʱַһҫ۵Ĺâ֮âɢȫסʧԭأȵ۾ʱѾȫڵͨڡ
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һϵĵطַ漴Ϸֿ콣˵ʱʵؾУӦûʲô˺С޴׼һǺõġ
ӦýһԹʽĵطԹĴǱݺύͨĳڣȴֻһûһȷĿ֪꣬ҪѶʱ䣬߳ȥ
뵽ַԼʶȫӳȥʶųһԹƺʲô󷨣ܹȵѹʶֻ̽ΧɷΧ֮ڵĶҲ޷ʶ쵽Զصطȥ
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Ȼһ·ϣҲżֻּ·ĻޣַǴһûЩ˼ȫŵؾ֮С
²ûɶеؾпһƼѴﶥĿƼ磬浽Щʲôĸ߿ƼƷַʮ֪ġ



895 ƽ
һ߼ַһ߽ʶŵ󣬰չַͨҵԹĳڣȴǷ֡Թյ㣬ԵĺλãҲĵطǴطһʮֿ񱩵Ϣ
ӦϢַɻѣַԹĳڴʱȴֻͨ඼ǰ͸ħʯ̺Ϊ£һ鶼ҪȻǼħ޾˵ҪĶࡣ
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ܹâҫ£͸Ŀռ֮ŷԻõĹâԹľͷȻһţַ񲻵ģΪŸĸоӦôλ档
ʶֲţͺһź浽ʲôַʶȥԼľҲ޷͸ŵĺ棬صطѵؾ֮أҲԼ²Ǹ߿Ƽ硣
ַȻȥû̽ǰɲðȻȥ뵽ַһһưâ˹֮Уɾڰâŵһ˲䣬ǵͻȻǿҵưâ档
ԹԣǹŹأŵ谭ͻὫַ߽˵ô˵ȴûо壬һԼϼʮ֡
ֽ˳ѵף¶׳ֱӽ״̬Źɫͼ˲串ȫַ˫ɨһصţֱ߽ȥˡ
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ǡַһھ͸еˣŵһ˵龰ȫϣŵĺ桭һ͸΢Ϳռ䣬΢ͿռһԲοռ䣬ֱֻаҡ
Բοռ䣬ҡ
Բοռ䶥ʯŰ߲߰պܣһйģַңĿȥ˫ţԿۣ֮ȻƶԲʣȡһʣɾ롣
ַΪɶǰ֮ҪԲʣֻΪֻҪԲʣͿˣ֪ߣ˳⣬ĪƶǶʯţڵ
뿪˵أôҲвʡ
˺˼һӣһâʱΪһ⣬ݺݻͷϵĳʯ֮ϡ
ֻꡱһʯһӿȻǵâ⣬ɢ
ַҡҡͷ̾Ϣһȥ뷨ӣͷϿܣ͸ĸĤ֮⣬ǻҵĿռɫؿռУռѷ첻ϳֿ֣µַҲĺѡ
νΣգŽؾԼĿģƬռ˵Ĺ죬СĵΪַɫƬռ䣬ͨ߳ȴͻȻɫ䣬һʧ˿С
Ƭ³ַӰû˿ͣ٣ϣӰʧƬռڡ
ʱһͨͻȻӰͷ磬滹Ű뻢ӡѩƣȴ֪Ϊûи
ʱһ˿ɻĿ⣬ǰַʧĵطƺӦʲô˾һȴһˣѵӦ˲ɡ
Щаԭվסˣ˫ĿӴʶһ·˳ȥͨ⣬ȷûӦߵشڡ
ʶɨʱȴĳһų⵽棬һ漴ϲϹһ˿Цݡ
ղŵһۣͷִ˹ĳصɫʣⲢûȣΪǰɨʮ޵ѨҲͬЩϣõһЩؾϢ
ȻַһƲνؾһ߿Ƽ磬ȴʲôΪؽʶ޷һҲӿ϶ؾļֵ
Ŀɨǵһۣϰâһȥ˹ȥĶɲ˶ռˡ



896 ս
ַʱ磬վƬصĿռڣת
һռˣ糹׸˿Ҳû۵ƣҲ˵ֻҪκһΣա
ĵطǿûκι˼ɣȫɱȫʵԼʱʵκеһһСģ¾Ҫ޶ˡ
ȻַҲԿԼЩøУ壬սǰһжûʲôϵģΣ˭ţֻԼ
ղԼҪȥˣϰԵȷſʶӦܵȻ׼ѰطƽͷʯŵĿ֮
û뵽ʶŸһſӦĴڣһԼ֮ûѪҺҪ̵˼Ƭռ䡣
ʵֹխͨȫüҡڵ˦磬ﳤȥϧĿǰֵΣòãҲܲԶ
ƬռʱȫˣֻͬһʱʶһɨĻǿȫųпԼ
ڣַֻùƬռҲ̫˰ɣտĿռ侹һԶصĵطûУļƣ϶ǳŴ˵ģϣ˼Ҳ˴Ǵˣ
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ַǰͷ֮Ⱥںʯţ¾ΨһĳˣŵǸôĿַ֮ȴһͷҲûС
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ʱһҵĽŲ⴫ǼҲˣתۼǾͻ˴˵ء
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ַüͷ壬֪ʲô˼Ĵһۣһһ߿Ƽ磬ĵ۵ĳ֣ĪҪԼ뿪ŵ롣
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ַһʱ˹ַڵһУһֳ˵ڶеһ
󣬲һһۡ
ЩЩе÷ΪԲʵʽΪ3.14
һЩʯŹȻ˿¶һͨ
ʱֻ·ŴͻȻһһӰͻȻ˽ȥַͷһɨĿײһַ΢΢һЦȴǾһ
ʯźͨͻȻ¶ϲɫǰ
ַ֪ͻȻһЦ콣ȻһӣһʮɳĽ񱩵ĳȥǿҵĹֲ֮£֮ܣҲӲ
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㡭ҧĿɱǵʯɶС⣬ȻܿţСȻҲа취򿪣ʱһҪݷ𣬲Ҫ䵽У
СƤ̫˰ɡʱַ˵ص֮УԽȥԽԶˡ
һû˵ʲôƮʯǰϸʱƣѩҲһһӹ˳Ƭռ䣬һͬоƽ֮
ַʯźֻͨǰһƬռһ¹ʯȡΧΪ֮һͨͨ嶼ʯɣһǿͨѡ
˿ҵ飬º֮׷ԼΪѽ֮ϣֻҪ̫ˣͿƳο硢
Ҫ˶ãǾͻҵַ֮øϽ뿪뷨Сĵȥ



897 սﱤ
Žʯһٽ׺ԭСͨѿ˲к⣬ӭ洵ĳȴ˸пޱȡ
˽ٽףʯͨʧˣ߳ͨʱͻȻͣԭǰһƬޱ޼ʵĺ׻𺣣ÿһ䡣
̶ֳȵĻ棬ʱȻղַҪ棬뿪֣ڻʱ䳤ˣļ죬һݽߣɾ·һˡ
ַҲðȻȥʶ̽һƬ𺣵ֱȷԼͨʱߵƬǰַɫأʹ콣м˽ȥΪһͨ
ַһ㻤ֵ棬Ϳշжȥ̶ֳȵ棬൱ڻڻϵԪطĻв
ԸоƬһɹŹֵ֮мѹĹ֣ĻٶȿģƺǻЧ޷ѵ
ַЩǵΧȥóһżƷħָԼʵǼƷħվǱȲĸ졣
ҺȻ֮ǣȴз߸Уʱ֮󣬻ַܵĻͻȻţڴ˻𺣣ַ쳯ܹһ¡
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ַʱվĵطһɽıڣͨĻףĻҳķַȴûעЩǿǰﴦ
һΰĳǱںڰ֮УڵĳǱԿٵطݻٻĺۼ
Ǳ
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ǰĳǱһͷ޴ޱȵޣһĪصѹǱ棬ƺʲôڿָо쳣Ĺ졣
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һַͻȻڿǱ˹ȥҲǼִ֮ܵľ롣
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һƵصĹǱͻȻųһ֣ǱУһУûλڱмһСַͤ
ΪͤоƾһŽɫӣֱһɶнһ֪ǷƷпܾǿǱĺڡ
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һвûãоͳΣһ͵һ۴˴ΣͤеĽʱԭݲȵڶн¶˻ȵ
ȻҲ֪ǿʲôӣʹɢޱȣǻġ
˼ͣ˵ĻͷһۣĶơѩ˾͡һȫӿ˳վһš
ַڲԶһпɵðľ˷Լ٣ֻԻ



898 ׹
ؾ𣡡罿۵ȴ˵֮⡣
ǲˣƵɨǿŽɫһɫһ˿ȡ
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ٺ٣ãǾȡ͸úˣЦһͻȻǱȥɲŵ·˿ûвĴҲͬ˶Ƶϡ
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ͻȻֵĺһƱޱ֮£Ȼҧһ˿ȫƱŶ˫΢ǰƳЩصĹײһһʱ֮䣬߾Ȼ
ᣬǿȵǱɣһĻòɵĿ˵һ䣬һǴǱ˹ȥڴҲΪ֮һûе飬׷ٶȴƬ˳Ǳڡ
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ЩֳƶڿڣһһɫⳤܿнʮףͨѪɱ¾ϢȻҲ˲ǿߵѪ
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Ǳ˭˾͵ķ磬ôóƸеһ˿ɻһǳܵסһǱеĽ磬ѳ½೬ħ
Ǳܲһ㡭ַĵЩһ󷨲˶٣
ʱЩڿٴηһι컨硢Ƶ˹
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ܴһ֮ϣҲһһףβƽϢ
ȴᣬٴһڳǱƿһȱڡ
ʱáӡѩˣһǰһ£ǵ˳ǱЩĵڿڣ޾⣬ǣȻЩڿں
ַڻɽڣ˿ޱɣȻżЩನϵķֵֵϮĹâǴ´ˣͲЩв
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ͻȻ֣ǧϰٵһ󣬽дΧǹʱ򣬿ɵķΧͬնʱ˭Ҫд⣬㶼û취㣬ֻѡӲ˺˵ĺ
ңַȷսǱϣЩڣȻսΪȻڿƼսpǾһ䷢
¾ǻǿߣҲֻͼԱҵǺ⣬ûгǰַǾãԼʵʵԱˡ
룬ַԿǱϷһУʱѵ˳Ǳַ΢ĹâҲͷϵʵ
ͷ֮ϣ鵽ǴССڿڣЩڿڵģȻһЩͬͷ飬ЩȻ׾ٿųͷڿڣǴ´ࡣ
£ֻǼ֮䣬ЩܼĻһƬɾʱֻͻȻ죬ڸͻȻһȺ
ÿһֻɴСĴ硢ƳǾͬһС͵սǳ򣬻죬צܷȺֻǧͷ֮࣬ѹѹһƬ˴ա



899 춾
ã⵽ЩʲôȻǸĿЩƣֶܷʽĺĻ񣬴üͷ
ʲôɾˣӡͻȻһгһӣȻնʣһƬ
˭֪ȺûӡնĻ䵽ǻԶͻȻһţȫһɫĹЩɫƯڿУȭͷС֨֨죬ٶȲ̫죬ȴˡ
ЩôˣҲֲֿܷ򣡡úȻɫ˼ʹ˳̵ľæȥЩȻҪȴȴû⣬ʱֻܾܵɢҵطܼը
䣡Ƭסĳͷž춯ص׻𶯣һƬɵļӲʯǽֱӱ׸˷飬ʯ顣Ǹ¶һ
ЩûʶʶҲ˼ֻҪ£ֻҪǵҰΧʧܰȫҸʩչֶԿ縣飬ͻȻѵ
⻰˺ܿͲʧҰΧĿʧ֮ЩãȻͣ»صڳͷλãֻʣĻڳǱѲߡ
ؾڣţ֮ǰսûзȴַдѣһֱԱߣ̵ȴû뵽£Ȼˡ
ҪЩû˵ĲٿأҪǣǾԲġ
ǸԿƼչΪ磬ϣǽ⼸ˣûһߴڣսʽԻΪսıʹǲͨ档
еսƷǼΨһļִȥЩЩս
ˣַȻʹѣȴòεʵ֡
ɾַа֮ʣǳǱоȻɢ˷ۺɫۺɫٶȷǳ죬ˮ˲串˽Ǳڵ˶ڸǷΧ֮ڡ
ַüͷۺɫŨѿǱˣֻʩչʶҪۿʶոͷſһеһɱ⣬ҲܵӰ죬ֻϵСͻȻһ⣬˹
ģ﷭˴ǹʲôȻôֲʶܹɡַµĿЩƮܵķۺüͷ
ұɢʶҲڡȻҲ˸ͻȻغȵۺɫϢɱ¾ҽſɢЩˡ
԰գŨŨУһ˲Լͬͷſ򣬽Χķۺɫȥ˵£Ǳܿû
ֲ̾һҺõöѣҲûʶͷſȻʶȻҪܵ𺦡
ӡȴǵҸղһǱɱԽʶͷſҪʲôˣȻǸ˲ջˡ
ûǣתͷãû°ɣ
㿴𣡡絭˶һۣŵҸղֻǸеһ˿꣬΢Щɱ⣬ڿƷΧڣЩȻ죬ȴκβҡ
ƺȻüͷһ壬תͷĳȥ˰ΣŻعͷڵҪСĵãЩȻκǣȴõͽߵľ
ߣھ뱤ɣȻֶܲܿ飬ôҲҪŪǱشŽգǿ޷򿪣ֻܴϷһ롣
ַǺ棬Ҳܽ뷿䣬СĸǺ棬龰һݺύľͨߴʵֺڣԼÿ߹һʮ·ھͻᴦһȵַĵš
Ĳ˵˵ЩδСһʮɳΣʱϣʱеĶţƺûʲôɿѰȫŵİ׹⣬һʩչʲô档
Ȼʮ·һ˺óһξŻһַԹһ£һ·߰ţ⻹ûͨ·ϵš
һŵʵڲ٣
ǰ־һ·ڴ˵ķȻһš
ʱβںַͻȻüͷɫһ¡
źǰЩͬȻͬķĵȸ񣬵ȴȻ޹⣬һ⻪ҲûУ·ѱƵһ
һַɫĶ࿴ۡ
ʱһƵź洫Ŵһһ𣬷·ʲô޴Ķˡ



900 սʿ
ɫ΢䣬һֹס˲ӣţ¶֮ɫ
ַȴкٺһЦ¶һ˿˷֮ɫҲǰǼ˶ţ˿òģܾܶˣַҪĽ
ȴظӦַעӣһͷطЦЦҺЦ󣬾̻عͷȥȴҲһ˿ɻ֮ɫ
ַȴ⡱һ£֪Է˾Ǻ⣬Ī淢ԼΪβֱӵԼݣɫ˿ɻ
ַʱлȻҲֻǻɶѣȷԼ͸Ǻ棬ҲǣԼһɴ˿ȴûԼӰ
ۻ˭ɣͨһ㣬ַǿ侲
ǳصƶԽˣƺڶʮԶľѡ
ǶͨһƬ֪ʲôԭַʱĿͨҲ޷ʲôеĶŲɫʣ֮ͨȻЩƣߵһʶ
ַע⵽ǰĶĿȴǺâһƺʲôδַ׹ֻһͺ󣬺Ϊһ⣬ɿǰ֮ͨС
һȭߵġԶȻ𣬲ŽġǺĦ̶֮֮
õһ˾˲ֻƽ޾֪ǰ淢ʲô£һ̣ͽ˵ʵ¶š
áѩ硢ӡ˶ǻǿߣ٣Ǳ棬ҪܵЩƣ֮ȴǿԺ޼ɣܵӰ죬΢΢
ַĿԶЩɻ֮ͻ¡һ죬֮һƬƺʲôɢһɢܡ
ַһ뵽ʲô
ʱ澲ŶƿЦ֮ƺ֮ӡ
߰ɣѾûˡͻȻڣǰȥ
ٺ٣жǰһ·ͨɫһɵЦȻͷǰȥַĽ˹ȥԭޱĻӡȴ¶һ˿м֮ɫŲæ
ֻʮɵľ룬ַͿ˫ֵȻվǰһĶ
ʣǱЩ˼ˣһˣһ²չ֫е˵
ǶΪħϬޱȣǻôխصط֣ɾе鷳Ц˹ȥƨ
˶Էķ֮ԣٺһЦû˵ʲôϵƲûȥνǰ棬ƺղŵǷ򶷻ûоƵģѰһ
漸һЦƾȻԸǿ·Ȼ֮ˡ
ھǶɫĶʱַͣ¶һ˿ʹ֮ɫͷϸ
սʿȻֶԼûв´ʲôȼĻսʿܺͶƹϼУûɱַһЩȻһЩʹϧ
ϴ󲿷ֶһɫ֪֮⻹һЩƵĽɫףں޹ĴֺУԼһЩӰ˵ֶ
Ŀһſűɫıʯϣһһģɢ֮Ϣһֺܹĸоһº̶ַֽЩʯһɨս˴У¸ǰһ˵ȡ
ַ뷨ܼ򵥣ЩսʿʵӦڻ֮ϣԶƺԴʱδʲôǿʽ΢΢ЩϷӣַȴЩޱȡ
Ϊ֪ЩսʿֻҪڵоƬͿԲǣǸ˵ȴǽЩĴ֣˸ϡõģôʱַдǸܼӡ
ڵĴ֣½Ҳж٣һ֣ٻʮڵĻսʿַʵԸƣʱֻҪ趼ʶ
ĺöȻٵˣַԸ뱦ضֶʵЩģŽϵЩ̱ʯҵ֮еһοɣ
ʱǰִ˴֮Ƕǰսʿ֣ڵʽ϶ûлһĻսʿˣжǸƻǰ·ʲôսʿֻ¶Ҹ顣
Լ󣬺񲢲һǵѡ뵽һ·ʱַͻȻ͵͵˽ȥһʱһ



901 ճBOSS
û˿·ַһͨķۺɫӭַСɢ򣬽ǰĺɫǰ
Ǳкüʮ㣬ַһ߱һȣѰ˸飬Ҳûһսʿⲻ΢΢Щʧ¥ݳһȥ
һطΧҪһĶ࣬ҲҲӵĶࡣ
ùǱڽһʱַеһѹ֣ҲߵʲôطǰǴķۺɫţоǰԶδ֪ģʱ̾Ҳƣ
ɾʱֻȻһη
ַ꣡ûӦͼһʸʹǰĺڰ˲䵽ǰٶʵ̫ˣַ㡣
ۣǼʸַķϣ˲ĥʸᴩַ֣һʱ㵣عæӿ֮
Ȼһֱ˿һӰ˲˹
ĺãȵþһַ̣ˣ˲ʩչӰٶȴַе콣ؾһֱӰϡ
ӰݺԱߵϣڵϣڱƺȴ˿ǱǸ嶼з磬ԣַе֡
ַɫ΢΢һ䣬ŵû
Ӱ콣һȻվֻıַݺһñˣƤѿ¶ؽǣ˫λǺɫʯضַе࣬ɱ
ǿŽͷ­棬ϵƣȻ˲ָˡ
Թԣ˲ãһﾹȻԶ޸ֲþǶʰǣҲҪһֽţַظӦУǰ渲ƤȴǸûһ˿Ϣ
ǻλĻսʿַڲƻ£Ƿ˷ס΢һַͷһɫıʯ
ʯ棬һķţǿƻսʿĻоƬˣʶ̽棬ԭ˶´ָԼΨǴӵָ
һкַŽоƬ²߻սʿڣվַǰĻսʿаâһַɨһ͹վı
ַ⿴߻սʿһۣŴǰȥ
ַɫȻ䣬ԱߣȻһǹ·һЩսʿû˸ûڳȻ죬ַһʱ֮£ͻϮӦ
ٴڻսʿгԿˡ
ַ˱ǹطڰַƶڵϣַϮһɫǹĽɫսʿսʿȻûоƬȴЩսʶ
ۼַӲǹһ̣Ȼ·ûƣҲǴһҲû룬ʵ̫дָӣһܾ͵˰⡣
ȴַֻЦһͻȻĻսʿյĻսʿһѳǾܻսʿı󣬻еһӣһӰֱֱǾ߽ɫĻսʿ˹ȥ
ܵľǾ߻սʿܣȴԼȻܶˡ
ôܣŽ˫оǾ֮ɫַһӣһɹ˹ǰշĻսʿȡеоƬ
ڽظϴ飬ֶַ˸֡
һúùһ飬ֱûֻսʿӰɱַȥ
һ㣬ַǰģһޱȵĴоֻһš
ǰһ
ֻһ
ɢϢһĶڵϣѾϰδ¸һĳĵΪһ塣
ַͷսʿʱ̧ͷͷ˸һ⡣
ꡱһнһںڴ󵶣վһƬȻߴʮɣᵶǰĶΪȥҪĴţͷǵùһء
޴ʵӦòȥɣãٺ٣кܺãַдϲ˹ȥ
һһ㣬Ȼַ˹ȴΡȻδֻвʱ⣬űˣǾԲǵġ



902 ʥ
ַһӣһշĻսʿĿ¶׹⣬ߴ˹ȥڱȥ֮ǰһ£Ȼֻһ߻ףоǰжвϢĶǰδ
ַ˵һԣδ֣Ż׺ĶҪſڵжôǿʵ
ַĴߴ֮£׻Ӷĳǹ͵ǰһǹͷһ̣Ŀкڶˣսʿһǹ
ĶȻǡôһɫ󵶳սʿȥǱ߲ļĴ󵶣Ȼѣȴ᲻ɴݣһƻսʿͷӲףͷɫͷ­͸ݺݵڵذϡ
Ǿ߻սʿֱӱѿɫҵ˼£ķˡ
ֻһ׺ݸɴûκζĶһ߻ڵĻսʿ
ʵôҲӦл˰ɣַĿɿڴһû뵽Ȼһ߻ڵĻףףһսЩڻսʿ
Ȼһʧһ߻ףַȴЩϲֻڵɲģԼȻˣ;Բܴ
ʱַͻȻһ̧ͷĳڿȥֻӰѿҪڣַҲ˲ʲôæ磬Ǿ߻Լһͬ
ĿкһɫͻȻһӳ衣
ֻܼʮ졣
εĹĵϸĿһԳѺۣȴ֪ʲôµģ֮ϵλȴûܵκ˺
һ㣬Ҳַʹޱȣڶĳ֣ܵƻܲż
ʱֻ˾סһͻȻ˲˭Ƕˣֻȴǵһˣȴ֪ȥˡ
ͻȻǾ׵Ŀǰһۣ֮󣬲һܵĻţ˹һ˿֮ɫ
ȴǵͷһؿڣкⱩƺŭˣǸ߽׼ͷԺͻǿᲢۣһվ˸ˣôû¡
ͻȻ΢΢һףȻ͵һԾʮɸߣнյĺɫ󵶣͵Ĵӿ˳ȥųѴǿ˲١
ڶ˵ӹһ̫ѣȴû˿Ķ֮⣬Ǳڰ߲Ĵ󵶣ԼԽԽ󣬾Ȼֵ˹ȥ
ཻƴ֮£Ȼһ˼һ̣Ƶɫĺѿɫ
ַдвãոе¾ҪڶƵŭˣһַ̣Զ˵ʵֻҪļ䣬ȡоƬͿȫٿˡ
ֳ֣˭¶õɣ֪һ㣬򲻻ýٻģַô˵ĳڣⲻƾô
Ϊһ¶Լ٣е㲻㣬ַֻǿѹʹϧŶƳ˹ȥ
ȻûκʣǿҲֵ˶Ƶķ񹥻ѴھԵ·磬öһȭͷ֮ϣʱˡ
ɨ˵ڵϵһۣƿȴš
֮󣬹ĳһԼʮɵؾ޴ˮ˾֮˸ŵİ׹⣬ڻһͬߴĺɫˡ
ޱȣŭĿԲһĴͺͷˮһʵڹޱȣ
Ƭ̣Ŀ䵽˾ϣֻοһֻʱᡰסһ۾Ľʶ˳ȥ
󣬶ƺָһˮʱǰɫľˣۿӵ£ɿشϵµˣתۼ䣬˵ͷ­ͳʧˡ
ַڰ죬޷ϣ𾪵ĿУǸˮľһڻˣֻڿһżСľ״Ʒصİ׹⡣
ʥϢ
һ¶һ˿ϲ˹ȥҪ֮ʣǿžʯĺը㣬һ޿ɿܵľѶ˿



903 ʧ
һƴǣ˲佫ǹɷƾѹɾʱƷϿһӰκŵĸ٣նɲǼƮ
°һѣʱâʢѶʱȿ˿һӣϷѾսһŵĺƤУжˮû˷Ѱʱ䡣
ôҲû뵽˸ҴӻжʳһһΪ˹ȥһӰ䵶һӰеĺƤȥȵЩɶļһҪô
ʱַĿɿڴˣǣȻڣԶѰţЩԭϵԭǺһҲ̽Ѱߡ
ַúߵĿԷǳ֮
£ҿɷһ·һ߷񹥻ţһȴŭȵ
Դ鱾ǶЩƾʲôȡߣͻȻ䣬Ƭռ䣬ɳӿʮطӿŵĻɳЩɳѸٴ֮С
ǾȥɣгɭĽͻأĳ֣ݺݵЩɳ֮С
ֻһ죬һ޴ѷи֣ѷ֮Уһ߱жϵʬ壬ɫѪҺѷ
ʲôַǾ߹ʬ壬䲻ɫѪҺıۣȫϸۣͷ֮жǡ
ѵе
ƻΧգĮĵһֱڿռУôӳɣڶ˵֮ʣгеĽâӿЦһƺݺݵ̤ڵ֮ϣһѷ˲ֱֱϮĳεڡ
͡һӰѷмٵȻӰӷӳ죬ȴɱһ̤֮Ѫ硣
ģ㾹ȻɱǵĻʿһ֮ͬʱʮӰԻɳ֣һýݵߣеĶס
һᣬԴ齻΢ۣԻɳдܳļʮӰӣЩߺͨû
ֻĽ֣ҲȴڶͷһֻۣƤǻɫϸۣƨ֮ϣһض̶̵ĻɫβͣܵĿЩһҪж֣ж֡
֣УòҲҪж־ж֡
⼸ʮ֮УͷϵĶд붼ǻɫֻа˸ɫǣĸɫǣһˣҲעĿһˣȴǽɫǡ
ͷǵɫעʵĵȼ
αǿô۾΢У߷ɫǵĹϣ૵ֲܳ䲻⣬ҷ׼ʣԴ飡
ɵ࣬ˣҪ˴ΪߣĿڶɨ󣬶ʱɭɭĵȻ˻ƣٶƻǿ
ɫ֮籡ڿһһãϳһɭìŶƺݺݵȥ
ƲмƲƲҲֻһȺߣΪһ֮˽Ȼ׻ˣɥĲھȻͳȫˣ
ЩԼìԶƵԸֵõţг֣һɫìɢɳ䣬һӰӹȰĶͷ߼Ϯȥ
ƵöѸ͵ٶȣɫ΢䣬˫ǰһ裬ɳ͵ĳ𣬻Ϊ޴ߣŶƲƶȥ
ЩС⣬ֹôЦһһӣɫĻƾոֱֱ֣Ļ֮ϣȻը
нâڶݺݵԼһλ룬ԶƵʵԸȶ֣һ浹Ĵɱ
ųеɱ¾ַȴЩ֮ϣһâͻأ֣ͬһ㣬ַϯǳʧ󼰵ˡ
ܵǵâ̺Ŀַɫһ䣬˫ּ趯ϻѸһֵ֣֮ʣȴͻȻб䣬ٻתͷǴɱķĶƾȻͻȻԼ˹
ַһͷ֮ϣ亹ǻ£쵰ʲôطΪʲôƫƫҪԼⷽգַҲڿͻȻ



904 ·
̧̤һ̤ں׼Ķͷ֮ϣѹѹʱ䣡һǿҵıըѤ̻ڶͷ֮ʢſ
ͻȻֵıʣڳ˶ƿ˿Ѫعַ֮ʣͻȻһЩ壬ֱֱ˹
Ҫ˺顣
ģ㽫СүƳģֵܹ˭ַס˶ƵһػһɭؾƷ֮Դ֮ϣݺݴ¡
ƳϵɭַƤ̵΢΢飬ڳ̼͸ַԴ֮ʱԴȻ˼ĹŤŤɭַͷƤ˸ա
ʱЩ忴ַĳ֣ΪԮ֮£һӰŶȫԸַ֮ʣȻһìݺݵزƵļ֮С
֮֡ϴľʹöƼΪŭһӲĽìг˳ѪҺŴļһ˹ȥ
ܶǵԹĿ⣬ַμٶ䣬ڵѾռ˿Ϸ磬ЩҲҪɱɾ֮ƣȳΪ
ǽߵĽţַɫ΢ϲǿԴǼһϣѳɽĹƮǰץǸһûа
ַſڣЩƴ飬̾Сү壬ûʵ壬ֻ·ˣ֪ƮƼ䣬ͻȻַǰأһ˹
ɽһַȴ䣬޼ѰֻʣӲƴһ;ַһ˫ŷϰգ콣ؽӰƵĳһ
ֻļַ𣬵һԣ˴Ѫ
Թһۣɣ
ַӵȥѪ΢΢һЦ˵ƯղþȫԲκСүʲôСүˣټ΢һζԶȥûĺڵͨ
ַһߣЩ֮壬ҲҪ׷룬֪׷ַǻǻĶͻȻֲľһǴȵɡֲؾݺݵĳЩ壬һͷѵĴУֻѪ衭
ʱַû˿ͣ٣һȫ֮󣬲ͣȴ𶯼䣬һֻһѪ̣ݺݵַ
ַһЮ˵ֶȻһֻͣһһɫѪҺмͷԼǴ͸ؿڵѪ̣ɫѪĽ£Ѫ̣ƺԽˡ
쵰Сүɱ㣬㵽Сүˣַؿڱһ󶴵Ĺ壬ֽ֮˵ϣ
áģҲϵǹŤתԴַ˻Ƶĵ
ȷǡַ˼䣬ǸװԴĺƤ
ɳ壬ǲŹǵġɫѪҺ촽䶯ţĵ͵ͳĴЩַеëȻĸо
̵ģӦòĳɣַ۾УȻһﵽʲôͷĲȴðգлһ˵ճһƬ̿󣬲ȻǱ
ַǱһǸڡ
ããڣϸСɳʯ˶źζĿʯЩʯµķʴ֮£ѾüΪԲ
У˼˹ηֻ֮ʯھʯ֮Ϸ
ַ΢֮ϵĻ΢ʢӭĿ£Ƿ·ûб߼ʵĸڣ૵󲿷ֵط¶һ
ҡҡͷ֮ϵɫ磬ַűӿЦλԪѱƻ˸ף֮ϵ磬ȻȫɼĿ񱩷Ԫ۶ɣֿ񱩵ôȥȡ
ַǷһ㣬ûߣûЩλΪۺ쿪ǰץץ֮ʱн֮УѶһ˿ɫ
ЦһǰȻŲһ٣͵ػعͷֱԶһʯͷ֮ϣָᵯ˿ɫʱһѳìƷ֮һʯըɷ顣
ûκ۾΢΢ַȻȣˣɣ䣬һɭľƾַ֣׼Դݺݴȥ



905 ɳ
ַһܣȻվ֮ȴǲ֪ΪΣһǿȻ˫סˡ
ֻӳƬʱ䣬ǹɭȴѾգ۱㵽ּһңۿݺݴ£ǿİ׹͵ַڱһϽ𳤽ԺԴ֣ǹɾ
һͺȣַȻ˫Ѹѵص״֮һһųŵ·̤ȥ
ֻ顭һɳ衣
˹ַչһʯͷ֮ϡ
ǻɳ账ַüͷ壬ڸղ̤ȥʱԵĲһϢԵص±գ֮䣬ǹϢٴʧȥûһӰ
ƬɳĮйŹַ֣ҵģʶƬأΧɨȴδ֡
ղϮʵǿû쾳磬֮ȴǼΪ죬ֱֶ֮ǰַδԼŵµɳʯ澹ȻŹ
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Щһղһˣȴƺδɶ˺ǻܽɳжȥ
ַĬĬĵ˵ͷͷƬڣ˼־裬ʶٴμǿƬذ׷Χȫ֣ȻһɨΪ֮£ַܿͷһ쳣
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ƼЩѪҺ϶˸ղϮԼЩһݣȴЩǶٶȣһȻӵƬɳĮΪṩ˲ٷ㡣
ǻɳǵɫѪҺַͻȻڿնЩƬɳĮûģһãԼܾҪܵǵİ㣬ǺķЩڿаȫЩ
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ַüͷ壬ѭſƮһ˿ѪζʱķԾ̤֮һɳ֮ʱüͷŵϵһɫѪҺʬףɻ
ʬ屣ʮȻǸոȥãǱһɽʺֱӱַе벻ͨһôԵ޹
գʬһȥֱǰȥ·УȻӶĳʬ̶ǧ׵ĵطһ·Ȼѿʮʬˡ
տʼַΪЩΪԼõ壬ýԼǵΧɱ֮Уҵģһ·ϣСġ
ǵüʬף֮󣬲ŷֲԣҪʲ壬ҲôԼ˰ɣҪδҲ̫ЩַҲ̫Щ
ⲻԼģЩ׷ɱˣȴɱˡ
»ոշãΪЩɳصĻҵĽӡһȺɳ׷ɱһˣ;ϵĺ׷ɱݵش򶷣ȴ⵽˵Ϯɱ
Щʬ嶼ЩӡûбɳĨȥսԶˣɳ˶ǰ׷ϣֲԼ⵽ǵķԭǵԼ˵ԮԲŻϮɱԼ
ţַĶͻȻʱԼǰǧ״ХǴ򶷺Ͳҽ
üͷһ·λ̷Ƿ򶷵ĵط˹ȥȻ֪ùȥ֣ȴڲסеĺ棬Ҫ֪ʲôڸɳɱ



906 
Լİȫɳôˣ˫϶ɱļңû⹤ͷԸԼҪȻҲڷɱԼʱһУѸԶˣԼȥһۣӦûʲô󰭡
дĴʱʱɳĮϿշӰ졣
Լ˽һʱ䣬ַ˷һɳ֮Ϣɳ֮·ɨһۣɿ龰ȴ΢΢һ
еģʮɳˣѪĿ˵ɳѪ֮УһЩɢ֫Ҳɢڵϣ֮֫ϣϵɫѪҺɳ֮С
֮ʮɳˣˣֻǿΧܣضһɴŮеǼǿ˵ذ籡
ϲɴ棬ϲðеŮ磬ַ벻˭
ֻǴ˿̵ȴķһʯ֮ϣΧЩɳˣɴ֮£Ȼ˿̵飬ȴܿͬھǿǿš
Ϊ֮£Ű籵֣΢˺ۣڵֻ¼أҲǣַʵɳ֮УӦһûг쾳ĻɳˣЩ鷳
ѾͷһֱӸɵôɳǿߣľŹ֡
ܾǿᣬЩɳϾǾʮɳ˼䣬ǿһˣҲֻα磬ַͬһ
ǻַͬĻɳˣȻȡʤ˿Ƭɳ֮УȴûаգΪսҲʱñռУҪȡʤǲס
ʱַзǳԥԼҪҪ֣һϽַѾͷǴڵж״̬ȫûгֵıҪȣȴֲַ·
ڿռ䣬ַͻȻ米һ΢΢ЩϤӰʱһЦͦ˳ȥˣΪ磬Ȼһˡѩ硣
ֻСӴʱȫ˻״̬Ҫ绤ֻ˸ʬˡ
һЦ콣Ѹ׼ڳΪߵǸɳȥ
ͻȻַǿƶڳ֮ˣ΢΢һȻϵ飬ȴֲȻͬ
翴ַĳ֣Ŀһ˿죬Ųһ˿ɻƺ벻ףΪʲôԼ
ЩɳˣۼͻȻôǿУ֮⣬еš
ʱâ壬ɳǿæ˿ȥʱվԱһɳˣͻȻַǰ棬˵ַ콣ȴֻĴһ
â䣬ɳˣˤ⣬δǰʱڳĻɳ˶Żعɴ˿ַ֪ղųǺεȵĽѸ졣
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ʱվһԣһֱûгֵαǿߣͻȻһַɱ
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Щɳ˻״ֲַĹˣһǵ죬ĵ㺮Ȼûһ˸ȥУ׷Ʈɡ
ַҲ׷ϣһЦǰһֱѿҪ״̬е磬ýѩ磬֮ʧĻɳ֮С
Юһ˰ٶ·һСɳɽͣ
ѩһȻιһЩҩһᣬѩһظѵʶ
ѩ۾ԼǰַȻԾһſʼ۽¶ϲɫǼԼĴ
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907 ջˮ
˭֪ѩȴҡͷ磬ֻһ̵òʵò
磿ַɽ̬Өѩֳŵ֮ļһ֮žӣѹСҪΪˡ
ѩ̾һֻϧôҲҵġ
ַ˵öԣŮܻȣСүȴأ
ѩ̧ͷַͻȻΪɫôѿ
ַԼӣ˼ΪҸղΪǴ̫ͨ๦ɣȴиѩ˸ɫȴŵԭˣ
ѩһӣЩĬվȥûлɳ׷￴ûа취Ūɣ
ַǻ᲻֪һȥΪѣ˵ʮɵľ룬ַŵǳףѾͷԹ£ȻкݺңΪ֮ʣзӡҴ󲿷ֹģظͷԴˡ
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ȷʵЩԾкڰϢѩ۾һ˵ΪһǿߣԸϢĲǷǳеġ
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𣡡ַͻȻЦһ㿴Լ˵ɣ



908 ռѷ
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һʱ֮䣬ֱֱǸֲĺɫѷ׹ȥ
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ַһϲץס籣ҪܳȥʱھһʹһͣС¶Ƿݽ˿ַǺԩ
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ַԸĥ̵ôǾԲֵġ



909 
ͨڵڴһɫڵϣԼֻһɸߣؿȫȥƺݻ١
ΧʮĺǣЩǵ״ϿЩӦöǻɳˣԼõɳΪ˻˶ôʹĴۡ
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ַɸе𺳣ѾˣɲΪʲôɢϢϢʵ˲˼顣
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ϽɭɭЦУھȥ԰գϽȻһ壬𣬾Ȼߴ֮ߣڰУ߸߾ųҫ۱âı



910 ̬
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ܵռı죬ĳַɫһ䣬˫΢΢һ㣬һ룬ʱֻݣһһĨ⣬תķ籩ַ·˳ȥ
ڲַ֮ʱȻͣ٣һϽӰĳǰ
㡭㾹ȻܹҵĲ֮أ۽ĨϽɫӰַͷ͵һ⻹һ˷٣ôܲȡ
ҵĺڶڣҿɭַɭֻһİâͻȻֱַ֮ϣ˻ƵϽĺй˳ɣɾҵ֮Դ
ܵǷӿȥַǺȻһĨ裺ҵģʱַ˸ͷϽ۶ô̬ȴʼղһָͨĵʵ



911 ռӡ
һŪ֮󣬶ʱˣҲ˵ڵ޵ģһĹʱҪͨһķʽղеַȻҲôҪַˡ
뵽ַƽ̽Ͻ΢ͫУǵâͬʱַɭǻ궯У
飡ȻһϽķ֣ոȻԸӷٶȻţһ֮ʱҲַڡ
ҪΪɣϽǾֵĿ⣬ַɭȻЦĶս˵һûʤ㣬ϧ
㡭ʧٶԽԽϽжʱ˸˰â˲䣬Ȼݺݵҧҧ˫ǰ趯ռͬźϽ׾Ȼʼ䵭Ƭ̺󣬾Ȼ͸ļӰ
ϽͻȻ䵭ٸֹܵͣӿַüͷ΢壬չֱۣ΢ЦȻûԸңҲܻٵǾ߻ףǾֻټˡ˴ַĿΧɨɨƺǴˡ
ɱ㣬ȷеѶȡǵϽӰ΢΢˵ͷ΢ƣɭɭĵȴܽٺ٣Ҫһˣ˵꣬Ͻͼؽ΢΢ſſռƳ
ַ㶵Ͻеͼϣӿһ˿־壬ûü˵ʲôֻϽͻȻռӡĴţʵعӿʹĴ׷˿ռ֮ڡ
쵰ģôϽӳȥоƬռַ̽콣֮ϣȻһӣһһռ֮ڡ
ֻһâɢռ䶯ǵռȴֻ΢΢һССϸ죬âһܿͻָˣһĻַǾϽ׵ʲôôѵ治ȥˣ
˭֪⻰ǾϽ׵˫кâһͻȻ˿ַɻ䡣
һҼЦͻȻӿĳٺ٣ڵѾ꣬ǻشأ
ַһȻû㳤ʽЦҲ٣۶ЦЦһȣֱͱͬˣôҲû֮£
ַ̲סһֱڿ߻սԻ㻹ţ
ֻ˸¸¹ЦǻţȴɾΪ˵ȺԵҲֻÿ֧ȥЦǴӿռڵһߴġ
ַӦ̶ЦʱֻǵռʯںȻ漣򿪣һСɣܾ£ҲǻֳԿռл˳
һַĽɵģǳ㣬ǳɣȴŸͯӰ٪ϥֳϣƲȡ
۾ֽƻֶ񶾣˷飬ɽʱ־ɫʱȴƫƫ¶һ˿ƤĹâǸĺӡ
ɵַʱͱ񣬿һֻ˶ɵĶǣʱȴƫƫ¶һ˿۵΢Цìܵı飬ַɲѡ
˸ַĸо֪Ҫɱʱ̲סҪҪַͬһƼҲȻסΣԸӽ硣
ֻȻ¹ػߣҲΨһҴЩѾҪˣ㷽ҲˣѾһĹҲ߳ȥˣ
ַɫ˵ʲ᣿
٪嵭ɨַһ۵ΨһûбɳռʥأΪ˲ǹƻѽеĳ·ȫĪ˵㣬Ҳȥˡ
ַ֮£ϽȥƣͣסΪ֪˼Ȼ˵⻰;ƭ˵ģһתȴЦ潫еĳ·ȫˣ
٪
ַЦᣬԼ治ȥ᣿
٪һֻǷϻ
ַЦ˵Ļ˭ţҪСүҲ԰зأΪʲԼҪأ
٪嵭ֻҲˡ
ַȣЦ⻰ţСүҪǲ治ˣַͻȻһȻ٪ȥ



912 ѾĽ
˭֪ʱ٪ǰ׳ϺȻʮâַ˹ڰ֮£ֻʮ㺮âڹ⣬Ȼž綾ַȻ嶾Ҳ׳ԡ
뵽ַЦһӾһתڿ⣬Щâٴ٪ץȥ
˭֪٪µ˫ֳͻȻһתֱֱ˰ɣַ׷ŵӰͻȻһлҪ˵
⻰ַӿЦ㲻˵Լˣôˣ
٪ɫ䣬粻һ󣬲Ŵ˫֣ȻˣֻҪϷ뿪ԸѶѵıϤ㡣
ַҡͷֲ֮մ޹ѪңҲҪһ£¸㣬СүͿҲǻɳˣֻǲףΪʲôŪӡ
⻰٪ʱɫԹŭΪعִŰ壬ѵЩǧǧĻɳԴ㻹˼źá
ַЦ˵úãǲȰˣ̰֮ͽܷ񰤵סСү̵ζ׳֮⣬ͼʲôĶ
٪̰η֮飬չ֪ͽȻ裬زܻ׽Σ˱֮⣬һ鱨ֻҪΪֵ뿪
ַȻʧЦչʱ䣬ԻָǾϽڵҿ϶ǰ׷Ļ㻹ûңΪʲôΪʲôģˡ
չ鼱ᣬΪʲôҪΪʲôΪģǲҪҪĵһϢǹǸ磬ǸҲͬһٲ֮ء
ַһ֪Ǹ磿
չ֪ҲǺߣǷͬʽס
ַ˫ĿâչظֻҪֵŷߣԸƭ㡣
ַа̾һʱ治֪ǷӦĻһٹӲдǾϽ׻ָʵַɾΣˡ
ַһԲضչ飬ðκ󣬲ŵǻɳһĺηôȻ̰թСүǲϵġ
չ¶һ˿̵Ŀɬ飬ѹд뷨ǰ˸չΪ̸Լ͵һţס֣˵仰
ַԥƬ̣ûжɱ֣Բɹ֮ƣϷһʲô
ʶ£ǾϽײûȡĲλһʱĻɳˣȻ˥˼ʮ㣬¶ƣ̬Ц
ʲܷϽڵʱȻǸԶ޷ĵ˵ľɥɲǼǧͷӹȻһѹʵǻɳĴ֮һΪռ磬һ˾Ͳ֪ɱеԼѪȣأȻңŽ⴦ռӡˡ
ַӵͲΪ
չͷѹֻ㳰ʵУкȻһɱѹ˶ĳ嶯Ϳ룬ȥһԸʼһ±ƭҿȽǾϽ֮Զɢȥųɹֻ㽫޺֮ǣɼʱԮǵǸ磬ȻΪУȡ˾֡
չһˣ͸һַζ˵ݣʹȫûĳ⡣
˿̵ͬһ֪ĺü˵һ㡣
ַȴìܵҪ
һǻĴ֮һΪչһζַΪԼС룬¾ģİһ
Ϊ磬÷⽻أ
ѡΪѣȻչһۣȴĬȻת˼ϵ
չƽصΪֵõĻֻ򷢾вʵʱȡ˼ȲԹޡ
ַȵĲҲ˵Ǽ٣ȡ֮𣡡



913 ħ
չЦǱ㵱ǰһοˣԹ˵չԹ֮бɽģǰǴͣһͬ˷Ī֮ʡ䲻ֵͬܣȻͻɱ֣ұ֮ʣȴƫƫһִһҵ˲Щ׵ķԽٿ硭
ʱַƮ½ǰǸ˺ӿԵζչˣû߿࣬˵¹Ǹ°ɡ
ַĻչӻлָƬ̣һѹҲȥϸ˵֮ҲضıӻҺʲôȱǲȱʱ䣬ħ£
ַһֱ⣬Ȼĺ⣬ΪչԻپųɹҪԼܱ뿪ԱܿкгԹ˵׷ѡ
ٻɳλ㲻ϷŹ
һᣬַֻħ磬ȴδʲôħ磬ħ֮һ԰ɣ
չͷħ类Ϊħ֮ףħħ˸ˣħΪħϵı䣬һʵɲ⡣
ַȻǻɳҲħ֮һ
չЦħˣħ糶ϹϵַɫæȻħ֮һȴħ˺֮ǣǵΪһͳħ磬ޱߵɱ¾ʵǻɳ֮Ϊ磬̶ܴϣħƵģΪħĿƣͱѰ֮ȴϵĹףȻǻɳǿ߷ͥ񡣵ħıȣʹǻɳ˵гߺޣƫֻܰѳԹйڱĵطȴǡɳй˵طѹȥһجΡ
ַ״ζԻɳͬģʵħħʵﵽʲô磿
չ˫Ŀ޵Ļ棬֪µİħҲǻľǿߣ˵ħ𷢹֮ʣҲηɼ֣ҽǿдͣ
ַʧҲηǳ޷ޱߵĴڣ
չϿգǻڹȥУħ綼ǴҾ棬ħпռͨԲ㹥ңҴ㡣ʱħӦ˶˼͵Ϊͻ߾ħ졢ħ꺣ħˮģħ졢ħ꺣֮һ㶼ˣԣΪħ֮ڼ䣬绹ܱ̫ƽ
ַһںô˵ħ֮ңħˮģΪʲôҪôʲôô
չ¶ȿ־ֱмɫޡһˮаˣȫƾϲãһͳħ֮󣬻⣬ĴѰҿռͨ磬ͨҵģ֮븺Ρ磬㻹ҵһΪĿռͨǴģˮ֮û緢ǷǸǿߣ֮ħǿҲٲ˶٣һֱڵȴʱ
ַȻд£Ϊħ֮һʵҲΪʲôҪΪȥ߸һ磿ٵ£ʲô洦
չҧгݵ˵ˮаˣΪ˱ǾͷԹнħн׵֮˶нħ鹬ֻҪвӣǵ˿Ѫ
ַоŵû뵽˵еħ𣬾Ȼ˲һ
չݺݵħĲ޵˵뱾йأħ꣬ҲԲײС
ַͷƤħʲôĹ
չ̾ħ֮ΪĹרųȡߵ꣬˵ˮ֮Ҫ磬ϣܻøħԴ
ַĿɿڴǾȻ֪Ҫ˵Ϊħ粻ȫһٰȴҪħˮ֮УһҪ壬ǵòʧ
չӵħ˶ԣ߹˾Ӿ£ǳǳ˱ΪϷʶ׷ΪĿģֶΣκξ·ˮħȻףҪ˷ȴҲǿܵġ
ַ̾ħΪħּ֮תͷչ飬ȴǲΪʲôֱħ˲ͬˣ



914 δ֮Ը
չȻǰΪҳħ紫ͳ޹£һֻȻûоʲô֮ε飬ֵܼķĿȴʹͻȻ飬ʹھǶǡ
ַ˵ͷͻȻݵħħ磬硣
ֱѯʹ£ȴչĴħ˲ΪչôΪ鱨ֵԻ
֪䣬˵˼ʱչϿգѸħɳ硢ħ磬ħ硢ħڽħ磬ÿ֮ΪѻĴڡħ磬֮ӲķУȻû˸ǣΨһˮģȺ͵ѧ繦֮¼ʹ֮ͬʱ֣δƷԣֽ۶κβ
ַչ˺֪޲ԣ޲ʼϴĸĳ⣬ҲеΪİΣģʣȴҲԶæħ˵ʮʥʥŮǺˮʲôϵ
չϸ˵ʥʥŮħˣħĹϵˮĶ˶٣¾İνʥӡʥŮʵˮĹ¶żȻе֪֮Իɻ¶ʵҲˮһֵġΪЩΪͽʱ¶־ɱЩ˵ĸĸֵã֮ΪԵЩԶҲ֪Լġ
ַݵԭˣ⵹ǸĺϢа硢ҹƵ֪ǿеħǲĳУ֪ǻʲô
һֱǶŪҹ˷ݣħȴΪĴʥĹӣԭһжǼٵģֻΡ
չˮ˽ЩʥӡʥǲģͼȽǵ֣Ǹĸ֪鲢еǰףЩʥӡʥŮ뵽Щ֮Сڸ˵һЩ֯УһЩƿߣпܾħĳλʥʥŮһħǵ磬°빦ЧȴͬˣֻҪ㽫ЩʥӡʥŮʵǱˣʱˮ͵ʴʰҪԸ³֮⣬֪֮ҲźԴű۾תףڹǽڼž졣
ַ״μɢħطȻ֪Ӧֹ
չˮһ粻ħҾֶʱݳĿƣʱ˻ȻлĳЩҶ׵ԭұԸЩ¸㡣ǰɳȴң˵ҲֶԸǣ͸¶ҵ˶УҲϿʰǣ˵ˮľͻȫ쿴㣬ȴܶԸˮĵΨһѡָоԼҲ˵壬ɲҪΪʲô˶ãˮľͻħ磬Ƶ磬˫֮Ը硭˵ްѪɫס
ַ֮ģаԵɱĴ˫֣һϸɢǷʵһֹɢħ֮£ͻȻȻħ˸֪ıʱǶǰ£üֹ
չ룬ѪɫȻˮĶΨһĶݣ֮ʣҵļˣھȻü˵вңٲǷֺ
ٴһŽַҪ֪һ֮ǰħǱͨĿռͨԶû½ȶԼϣһʱпܣȥǰͷΪǵ绯˽١
ַʱɾȥſ˫ֵ㾿ʲôδ֮Ը
չЦȷǸ֪ɢֻǿٻһأԸֻܿԼȥɣ˵򵥵˵һŮһӣξҪ׿һУȥĸһ棬ҲҴ䣬Ψһġ
ַôڵڴ֮ǰ˸ɱ˲գ۵Ļɳ˾̵Ů֮飬ʵǴţȴֲɵš
ַƬ̧̣ͷ̨ϵˮײĿ˹ȥʵǹײװǰô
չ̹Ȼδ
ַʧʲô



915 
չѹǾʬֻǼʵһܷˮֻгߣȴʢ֪ʲôҺҲҰ򿪣ĶԵһ档
ַ˫Ŀ⣬Ҫչ鿴ͨ͸üǻɳΪ˽ƴɱΨһˮףûа𣿡
չȻЦûС
ַǼȲŪĶ
չĵҸطˣʲôõ顣
ַ棬뿴Щʲô
չȻ̾һСһ㣬ˮ׷ɢһصܻӰ쵽񣬵ʱʲô⣬ɱû㡣
ַ벻̹ףΣɫøУҲ̹ϴģ֪ⶫЩΣգΪֵðһԣΪΪʳ̸Ļ
԰գַǰһ׸ǾʬƳ·Ȼһˮַ΢΢üͷ콣Уɾʱˮâٿ֣ͻȻַڹİɫڡ
ˮ֮һȭͷĻƾ壬ЩƼᣬ͸ڲϼѪɫɢŵĻƹ⡣
Щչȵâһ˲˲ĶЩˮ塣
ַȻ˵Ѩ㶯ֹг˺Ȼ֮ɫ
չͦЦСӵ׻мҪȡ㣬ô˵ôܣչʱͻȻѣһãһǹһһ£ȡַźСҪ˵͵ǰްף㡣
ַȴһ֪аĿɿڴֱЩ֮ˮ塣
Ϊȫһ⾰ˮڵˮʱûʲôĸоǵЩˮҺʱͻȻеһɳɽ溮ޱȣа켫콣̾˰ӿ
ɺ뾭϶Ҫȫұѣòзϣ˲֪չĹƣѹô󷽵װϽħ˵Լԭȫһˡ
ɶǣһֻ˵ħ£ȴһֲᣬĿľҪԼĺģһµУӴˮףҪ⧲£ʧȥ֮
ʱַȫȫڶԿǾ崫ϣѳʧȥԼ
ֻչǹϮַӲһǹ飡΢΢ҡһϣȴ˴Ѫ
ַȻû˻չЦһֳǹâ磬ٴκݺݴַֻ飡һչһǹַͷϡ
ַûӦǹͷѣûͷѪԭͷγһ֣ȥչ鹦һǹͳ˿˿֮ݺƿչĻ֣ȥ
˵ΪëԳУַôͷƵУչΪɳһ죬ʶ㣬δͼ
ɢ£չֱ۶ƣʹʱĵˣʮಽšˡһһƨϣӡ
չ麧Ȼ֮£ϺصףȻƳַһۣվԭûƵַԣЦһЦһȭĶַؿںȥ
ʱַֻоˮкԼѣзƿʱըȫëֱᣬ۶ڱס˵ѹҪ
ΨüĴӡڵѨһʹ±ɷӣһҧ̣ǿ߻ħвһȴᵼڵĻʹǲҡ
Ҫȫã콣ջв
ʱؾ
еչȭԼֱƫǺӦķ
ʼʱܿƺھߵٶȣϣԱкڻ㣬ȡΪã֪ˮĪȡʱͻȻԱ񳱼ӿڣɺƵ񴳵ĺĹ֧飬ɾ
κһܲסѹʱ͵߻ħصĽ׶ΣĽӣչȭ
ȭϮ֮ʣַԼʺȻ𣬻ҡȴûԼ۹
Ǻչ鴫һƺߡ
űǡۣۣۣصĺԶȥ֪չӲǱĵ˿
ΪȭɲǣַһɣҪ߻ħ֮Ȼҵй㣬ȱ̵ĺˮ㣬ȫչһȭй˳ȥ



916 Ʒ
չһƺַȻû֮Σȫ鵴ܵòϡ
ʱĸҵæǿԼվŲԷչϮ֪չƵһ㣬ͻȻǰ
ɵַϵɫ˫ĿһתһЦַԣɫܵزأҪҪȴ£
ַȫëֱ̬һ˷ܡ̺ͱ̬ζڰʾȤµֶͨ죬Ҳܲˡ
ҺַҲɫչǰϮɱַܵҲصˣֻȬ߳ɣַһյĻᶼǷȱ
ĿٻͼԾаϣǾ
뵽ַתɫõӭ϶ԷĿ⣬ȻʧЦղ̸ǻûˣ׽׽
չĿ¶ɹ⣬µĴƵַʱĵ˵ЩŵɣٽһУҾһ
ַ⻰˵˰ɣ㾹Ȼ˵ˣǾֻˣãֻҪܽһ̧ҽͷһԶɡ
⻰չһһаĿ׹㵱滹ʵң
ַһЦЦС͵ˣҲھȡĹүûʱ壬ûˡ԰գȻһ˼մ
չЦݾȥͳһһŵĴ
ԭҪ֣ȴַ֪Ⱦһƣһ⵲Ϯȵúϲ£
ַȴһѪڣѪʼ֪˱Լиأ·ûʲôҪչֵа֣УҪе¡
չ˴мңʱߣȻԭܵ˱лأѹ˸ȴ֣Ȼ޹⣬Ҷۡ
ַǿѹ·ڵѪӵ˴˱˴ˣֻ֪ټϣǰΪȡңǺɢȥ˴󲿷ֹոһ˱ŷ˭ȥ
չҪַֹ֣һЦư벽Ƶĳطվչֹסеľ棬ȻʲôôܴҵĹƣ
ַ֪͹˼ɣƲܰ쵽ļޣıλãռϷ磬ǰ¶һ֣ͬԷðԴ㲻мĿչ֣Ǿҳְɡ
ٿǰֺţֻĴָչȥ˫˰ףչ˹ȥ
չ״ɫ˫Ŀһ˲˲Ķֱֱַַʱʱɫ䡣
ַĹĪԷԾԭ֮ɫ䣬ַڵı֣˵ˣΨһĽװģԼʧȥĺ󣬲ȫֶԸԼ
뷨ʹһ¹ԷҪԼԼ֮£һʰЩͷʯӹԼʣʹΪȷѡ
ֻչֽһѸȵĳɷɲǼûһռ֮
ַȴֲ֧סСѪȻϥ£૵Һýǻ쵰ˣҪȻδˣͻһЦ֮Ц֮Уռչһ˽
ַɫұ䣬ֻչЦȻǧǣһʧǧ㣬ȴδʯ֮еһһⶼɿġЦٴˣ㻹ʲô˵
ַ̾ϢһĿ
չһ˹ЦΪУ˵ĵĺܣ²òȡֱۣˡ˵һ䣬ߵַǰЦơ
ɾչ鷽ֱ۵һɲ֮䣬ַͻһѿסչš
仯Ǵ֮⣬չƬ֮ŭĿɿڴ˵
ַվֿסչѨĳ΢΢Цһδ뵽ɣ
չ֮ϣһӿ֣̲ס⡭⾿ô£ȻʵסңΪλҪϷŪҡ
ַЦ⻰˵ˣ㶯֣ʵʮգսʤ㣬Ҳδܽס´˷֮ؽѶҺ޷֮ģҳ䲻⣬Ȼ֣ȻǶ㲻ġ
չ˰Σ̾ϢһչĽɫϣҲ㲻ԩҪ˿ֻ˵ɡ



917 رҪ
ַɨʯһۣЦ˾ෳȽ´ңٽǾϽʿоƬ£ţˣǾɫоƬҲһºˣ±ضм
ַҪ߻ףչϳ鴤ϣϣҪжѿжѿ˿ã
ַչ˼ƣ·Լ򲻼ĸں棬ʯңתۣһʯǰչַ˽ƣȫʱ˫ֹסˮʹ˳̵ˮ
ʯſȴһʯңһʯ̨Ϸɵĺӣչ齫򿪣һһ߻׵оƬַȡаһᣬ˿ռС
оƬַ֣֮ǰڵϵ˹ȥ֮Ϊһֱ棬һҪĹԶҲûкע⡣
ڰȫ󣬷еĶЩ
ַ˹ȥϸ˿׸ߵؿڰȥطûʲô𺦣̫أӦ޸Ŀԡ
չ齲Ͼ׵ʵλ࿹⣬λߵʵ࣬ŻĻףַ
ֲչܶһ˰ռ߻׵Ϊ٣ЩȴҪַĽˡ
뵽ַǽϽֻ׵֮Դ֮ǰַڳǱеõԴ飬ʱַһţ׻ַҪ÷磬Ҫˡ
Ҫչһʱ⣬̫ȡַڵ׵ֻڽȫһ뵽ַ΢΢Щҡ
Ǿɫļڻܲݲ٣ַֻڿռһƬռ䣬Ȼװ˽ȥŻչ飬ҪԼ뿪
ַչ·£Ƭ¿ռתϰ죬ҵһ뿪ĵ¿ռСʹͨ󷨣һɽɽС
ַѸٴһɽȻɽһЩͨɽ֩Ѩ֮أһ˸ֵطչѡֲ۵ĵطһС͵ĴΪ¿ռıͨȻԤ
ַסɽڵλú󣬾ЮչɽһƬɳڣַչɳϡ
һɳأչæӵҪģҶѾˣԩ޳ĪҪҡ㡭߰ɣԶĺô
ַȻ̾˿ôķݶϣҪߣȻ㣬ȴмȥ죬ֲǿ㣬˵Ӧôźã
չһתæ£㾡ܷԸϵɽ»𺣣ҲΪɵģ
ַűӿչһۣҪ⻰Ŀų̶ȣ˰ΣգգۣԸ֮ǰʯж˵ܣٶ˵һΣ
չǼǳ׵¡
ַԭǼײ£˵ĶȴЩر𡣡
չѹסɻʲôر𣿡
ַЦΪ⼸˶ħµʥʥŮ㲻˵ǣֻ¾ͺѻˡ
չȻһѿڵʥӡʥŮ
ΪҪƭ㣿ַǻɳ˽֣ȻΪʲôҪԼ˴ԼˣӦˣ
չſڣͷˣֻһΪǻɳѱħԲŻԻɳɱ֣
ַ΢ЦȴΪǸͲ֪ɳѾ˳ħ𣬻벻ǻɳˣʵôֻܾԼ֪ˡ
˵ַϵЦݺȻȥչˣҲˣֻҪħкʥӡʥŮ¸νǼˣͿɻҲ˵ȥģ׼ἰҵ£򡭡һġ
չȫδκ죬յĿռƬһǺεչɫֱˣΪʲô˵¡



918 С
ַɨһ۵ԭ򣬵ȴ֪ҷıضҪڵġδ˵ʲôݶĻһ˲⡣
չ׽ƵˣҲΪ֮˸䣬ǿЦֻܷģҾ˲֪ôġ
ַչһЦ˾ͺãֻҪúҵĻȥպħ磬Ǳضģʱضĺô֪ôãȥɣһû˿Уչ鴹׳ǣ̧ͷַߵò֪ȥˡ
ַߵͻȻչǴͻȻ¶һ˿Ц૵ѵ֮ΪʲôҪĻֻҪ£뿪ٺ١
һЦת뿪ȴֻһƮͻȻĶУ˸㣬ҳ㲻עʱһöҵָʾȥֻ¡ٺ٣Ӧ뵽ģ
չһ类׻˶סˣ˰Σͷ󺹣乶䣬㡭ƭҡƭҵģжҡΪֱ˿̻ȫ޸о
ЦˣЦȿ޻Ҫ
ַƮǶÿԲ֮ҹתʱŻֻᷢһܾȣ˿ĴңȵԲ֮ҹֻ¡
չ˶ƭҡƭңѵɣֻ֣ܺٳǧ㡣
ַٺ٣ţֺˡչɽ𣬾ơֻƣȴҲһ¡
ַ΢ЦΪβ֣
չһȴԼϣһԼ⣬죬ΪҪѧ˶죬㣬㡣
ַЦЩЩֺοԼû˵ⶾ
չͻ˵ع£˲С˹ҰɣҷֻǡֻģֻҪֽҵĶһӸм
ַЦҪҾ㣬ãȴҪҽɣȻȥʥңʱԻⶾ
չ˻¸º֮ҹֻʮˣ⡭
ַЦҪʮڣá
չ鷴Ĩ㡭㽻°ˣûüֵŹҡ
ַģŲţȴˡ
չߵ׵ʮ죬µȲˣڡ
ַЦ㣬ҿɾЩ鷳ˣĻɳôֲ࣬ɱ䣬˵ĺܡ
չͻվȵҺ㣬Ǹӣˣ˿̻УֻҪ㻹УҾзӶԸ㣬ԹԵӽⶾգ򡭡
ַ΢΢ЦŶԸңɱˣлһһ޶ĳףûƾ裬һô׷㡣
ķˣȥ㽻£չڵءڵأĳ֮Ƥ֮񣬵˫ڷ֮ʱȻܹ
ַЦһ뿪չεĿһۣɳ𣬲ɳС
ַõŻĻ׺Ǵջ񣬶پûıҪˣʱ·Ƭռ䣬ں߼ضɶ
Ǻһɶʱַֻʵ˵ˣؾһĩյΣɶʱʧѡ
һѰ֮ģʱʮ飬ɶı飬ַ΢΢ԥһ£ɫȡ˳ֽоƬɶС
տʼɶ⣬ַ˵ؾΨһ߻սʱĿжʱǿҵĹâ֮󣬶ʱЦ󿪡
ȻƺһЩϵĿ֮Ҫ޸һѵ£Ǽʵضʱڣ޸ϡ
ԺһĻѩ壬Ǹǣ¶˼ˡ
裬ͷֵˣ
ʱϽ׻ַҲؾκˣһĿĵأʥϾһңҲʱӦûȥˡ
ַƼʱʵǺ֮죬һ·ɣִʥСδȽеһˡ
ַΪȥţվ˺һ᲻ַд棬⣺ͲţҲÿ



919 ֮
Цλ㶨øںԺˡ
ַȴ΢΢ЩǼ˵ҲҵͥԺĺһ漱ôţһ溰ţš
յԲҲǼͻȻüګګʲôʰɣ
仰һѾ޴ײַУããȻʲôʣʲôʣ
ַżģæολǳȥˣ
ַɫȥˣᷴңôŵĻԺˣһ뵽ʣеҽȥԾǽͷȴԲվǽͷһģɼм˵Ĳ
ҡͷĵǺεǰҲܲɫȴɴ˿ɼλ㶨ڸռʮҪĵλϣԺС
ԺҶأһɳɳ죬Ȼδɨ˵ĽԶޱȣַǰ棬ԺӲȴһһյʱ䡣
õڣַ֪ֳٳδȥţһ磬ǧҪסҪֽţûǰءְƿ
šƿҾֻ֣ˣѾϣַŭ˫ĿϵĲҾû·﷢£ϵ㡣
ȴַ֪ŭ˵λǲδѡ
ַǿ侲šһ˵ѣǾԲѡֻȴٲȥ
λס룺ȥ֪δѣʱַѡ侲Ķࡣ
ַָ᷿δһֱָţ֪Ĺڳˡ
Ҳǣһȥ꣬ȴһ龰ܵˡ
˰Σַ侲Ժ߼ԣ룺ŵÿ£ͬһ㣬ǻõСԺڵİ㾰Īǡ
뵽һƮַᵽѪζ͵ش֣˱ɱΣ˵־壺ѵµ˽ⲻ⣬˭ַôĳԹ
ַԺһԺţ״ʱӳۼʣֻԺʿһԺ֮ǣ״һ£Ǻ϶ɨĿжʮʬ塣
Ҳ˵СԺелԺ󲿷ֶԺ֮Уǻʲôӵվǵвס·׷ױڴˣַĿɿڴѲȥ
ʱȴƫƫѵĺܣд˭˭ףҲĿΪʲôѵֻΪɱйߣ
ַʹüҪУһҲδԶȥһסģһ߽̽ߵԺ᷿ʬ壬ַ̲ס£ΪϳǼʬһ纮ʬ塣
ĸˣտַ֪·ɱŮʬϸϣǲʬ塣
߱飬ȴǵʬ壬룺ĪЩ˰ʥɱˣ۹ѲӸϵ뷨ʮȷףû۵ͷ˭
ʱַͷһӰֱĳֲҽҪ٣Ѹٹ̣صݽʱĿνңһ㣬޲ôУ
ֻĿҴҧͻȻˣȥκı֣ҵԾ
ʱʮìܣϣֲϣϣһ棬೩̸겻˼Ľ֮꣬Ļ⵽⣬ǻ粻ڡ
Ŀǰʵ֤ǲڣַİˣߵʬǰ۱Ҫʬʱᣬúʬʬһĺ¡
״еʬ岢ǺϣıߵͥԺУѰľĵطᣬͥԺԸֻľͥԭ򣬷Ϣ˵أַ̤ſҶ롣
˰ɣҵһľأҪºʬ壬ͻһԿдãɷַɻôϤ
ʬã˹ȥʱԽԽԽͣ£֪óˡ
ַȴ˭ˣֲøоôϤԭһʶ֮ˣַֻ֪ôĪɣйϵ



920 Ȳ
תһԺ䣬ַٿȻֹ˫Ŀ䣬ա
һ޳ʿˣʱ٣ڰգ
ַſˣͽеҹʵϲ˵Է֣ҹϵ飬˵һУַֻ벻ͨҹΪʲô
Ҫ˵ɱ˵ģַ򲻸ţԸţҹǷħΪʯ֮£ǰѰġ
Ϊˣʵڲһײеɱ¾ߡ
ӭҹ磬һϮ೤˵ƮݣϹ͵ŵĹ٣ƽֿ֮ƻã㡣
ҹѰ˺ֹȷǳķܲ׽յġ
ַһʱǧԣȻ˵
𶯵ĵɻˮаȻͦŮһ˿ʵҹʵڲԸº
ƽȻ£ȴ͸¶ڰʻʢŵĸ飬ȶ̬ޡƺ磬ƿչصһĨ⣬ӯ
ַʱ̬壬߲ƣ߲վֻккˮŽŰ̵ɳɳ
ַһ˹ҹСɼ٣Ϊħ£׼δ
ҹûĴƮһ˿Ц⣬̴΢ĵҹ֮󣬴δ˶֣ȴΪԭ򣬲òƴ˽䣬𣿡
ַһЦҹСƽ֣ʵĳޱȵңСܲţԴֻ뵽ʯôһֵɣԭʲôأ
ҹתȻһԭ򣬾еľ䣬ɣҲ˵Ҳʵġ
ҹֺ㱣ּĬû˵仰һַΪ
ҹȻ˵լɱ¾ַɫһҹСɷ˵øЩֻҹģôˣַҲٲҪִ߻ˡ
ҹûʩۣ֬޵ӳϼ̫ӹһεЦݣ̾ҹϲٸɸˣֻħ˶Ҷɽ˶˼ҵųϻ̳Ͽ֣ҴĴ⡣
ַһȴȻ̽ҹСǷΪħĹ¶жħ֮
ҹŤĲӣ״αַȻƽʯֻӴΨħ֮£Ǽһйϸһʹ˺ɡ
ַ벻Ȼֱ˵ǺȻǷС㲻϶ܳԶĳ˰ɣҲִô
ҹĿתϿһᣬתصַϣһ̾ܵĽѵôΪλƫƫҪħΪУ
ַ˫ĿĵâõĶӣ۾գ£СԲӣĳҪʲô£ñҵġ
ҹݳһ˿ɬЦ⣬תҹֵĵɣֻ㵨죬˭ˣ̤һ̣ƽƣֻһ㣬ѽħ𲻸Ҷ׺ˡ
ĿͶĬһԵַȻֿ֪Ϊλֱᷢô
ַȫֻܴڼве·紦˵Ͻּ֮пգ׽ʤ
ַĬĬӰκȻЦСĿԺеļλŮˣǻȻˣֺαؼ֪﷢ʲôˣ
˵ַŰһҰյҹΨһ֪ȻĿԺ¹ʵķ㲻ģҲȻ֪Щʲô
ҹַһ̾ħ˵ΥֻҪʤң㲻ڲħľףһ㣬㼸λ֪ȥ򡣡ַ뵽תֱ£ϵҪԼ֡
ַ췢һЦƵؼԸСΪеħЧԺҪھУСȴͽַ̣˵ħкɱ˵飬ڿԼ˵ˣҲδػš



921 ս
ҹ̤ǰʱӿһɭޱȵƣѰԶڰɵַڡ
ʱַвŴΪȻû뵽ҹΪȻ磬ƻҪһȻѿ˻λҺԼϽ׻ȻһսԼ±ɡ
Ƽ򵥵ˮˮˮоְϳ¾ĲʽܴУҪ󴮶ܱơ
ַеľƽץֻҪ¶νұ֮ƣ޷ֵ
xǼ䣬ơ
ҹʥĹԣʹ˲кð֮⣬Բλࡣ
ַĿرǰδеâ̤ǰһ
Ӧ£ҹĽʱеȥ
ַһȫ˹˲ͷҹһȻСҪСģǧҪˣ
ҲַҪźã˵ҹ̾һȻ
ֻϣһ
ա
һ޼᲻ݵĽӽ³ƿַȥ
ַ̽һȱСԲȦ
ֻһ
ƾַһ£С벽
ҹǾֹӺݣ̬š
սΣĵŨԣǻɽĹȵĳȻо
ַȴõĽչеĵزʱҲûˣַӭϿ㡢ǰȴ󾢷龰㡣
ҹƽʣȴгҲƷɢõĹԣʱеĳڳС
⼤ա
ҹɫսӰַС
ȴӣڽ֣Ʊǵ£ɭĽԶڰҲоõƮҡ֮ѩ
ַƾܽ䱸벻⿴὿񡢶ĵŮֻ˪ѩʹô缲Ŀ½
֪ҪͷֻҪһ⵲뾭ԼͿܻûСַ˿⣬һַһӰӣڽӰѸƽˡ
콣ۿĸ٣ҵÿһ׼ȷѰҹĽ
ҹʼǻǿߣټȻַȫڰӲŵ
·Ŀ࣬ƫ޿κΡ
ַһƾĴȻʱȴȫҹȥˡ
µʽƮɵ£ҹÿܶϤȻַ߽϶ķ
ʮУַȫǣƣɼΪԷпհĽƺͰڲƶķλխС޿ɱܵһ̣ǳܵʱ䡣
ھеַ龲ˮ¡
䴦޿ӵľУ۲ľģԣһֱûжϽףȫȫȥӦҹǷñ䣬ƽĽ
Ԧ
ҹĽ޳ɹ棬ÿһԶԷ㣬ÿһǧ֮ɶ֮컯
淢Ľкصˮ϶룬˷ʤ
ַȻ۾콣ֻӳ
ֻһ

йڶĿռƬ
Ӱɢ
ַһҪûǰ⻪ʢҹг㣬ƿܲĺҹһ£ַΣҲܲȥˡ
еĄxǣַһһȫųԺ֮⣬˫Ŀ콣£ʻʢŰ㣬ǰγӰ
ƣ콣ײҹгĽ棬ַȴбɿȥб˵ĵַһѪ
ҹһûгʤ׷
ַΪʵ֮⣬ˣеù£ۿղһأ۵ĽƽˣڿѪȴͻȻӿһ˿̡
ħΥڰͲסٴγ֡
ɾڴʱһӰմʸ£ҹȥӰһ·ռĿƱͻȻ龡Ƶģ֮



922 սս
˿ƣ˻ǿߣ˭ܷȫϹϽĺڶ㣬Ӱδѷɳһϸâַ߰΢ֵҹȥ㡣
Կҹʲŵһ
ɰâȻն飬ƫǲаƿյӦХ졣
Ӱвҹ˿⣬֫һţӳ˵˹ʱ䣬Ȼѩ׵ĳ񱻳ţӭӰĹơ
飡
л£ۡ
ֻʣ°ɫľװȫ¶ַ£ýϢҹҲǿ󷴾е˿
ֻһһѪɫתףһƬưƽɣxʱ䵽´
覵Ľ룬΢Ц벻߻ȸػҹĺܸ˲ٺ㽻ˣСԺе£ʮģȥǰɣ԰գٿʧ
ַԶԣڲЩµʱʮңԼҲӦ˽ˣǶԼĶ£Ҳǹˡ
оһ£ַͳ۹ȥɳ˺СûпԶֵַתͷȥֵֻͻȻֿ
űƮһʮ׶ƣȹҷصŮбһΪͣɴΪĹȣԡ
ʱм䣬ֻʣַˣּ֣˭ôɣ֪ͻȻһ٣һȵǰվǺˣһȥмԴҾɼݡ
Ȼᣬȴһһ䣬ޱȣַڶжһɼݣò۹λ۳Ѳɣ⵹Ǽ£ȷһ¡
һ䣬˿ߵֵԱߣתĿȥֻһŹ׶ƣȹҷصŮ߹һдŮ
ǰЩŮ˵·ԱߵַһۣͻȻһǳһã˸ɫתͷȥҲһۡ
ַ΢΢һв֪ЦŭתͷȥȴЩŮ֮󣬾һ㳵գ§ųϵѪе棬Ե󣬲ɷ
мԯ࣬ȴĸŮһųӣһֵֽĶëȣȶ
Ƭ֮䣬У㻺ǰй
ַԲɣкȻӹһͷԾĿȥֻ㳵֮ϣŵľһȫµˣܶһصĹ⻷һ㣬ԶԶȥֱ治˵
ַ㵵˼Σ㳵ѻǰ˹ȥôתҲƲ˵òֻܴŮȹƳһƬ½Ƕѡ
ַ֣磬˺֣ȻôҲò
ַ˵ͷȻһ˵òȴû̽ʶȥοȻ̽ʶҲûܲܿ˵ò
Ҳ֪أַȻ˵òȴѶ˴øУԽԽ˺ϤͻȻһһ֣벻뿴ò
ɻʲô취ôҪ֪˶ǺģҲǲ⡣
ַʱ֪ļһ˭ˣ΢Ц˲Ƿҡ
æã
ַҲ룬ɧСϵܡݡȻֵϵ˲Ϊ֮һ
ȴסЩŮһȵػعͷֵͣ˴֣ҡȵͣҡȣС֮оȴ⣺ʲô
֪ǳеˣһתĿۣͻȻһӥַ˹˫ĿȻź⣬ַ
ַҲʾ˶ţȴͻȻͬʱһһȭҴһƣһҲ˱˴СУĿɿڴ
ã˲ɿվַߵһַۣ֪Ĺϵһ㣬Ŀг¶֮⣬һˡ
ʱ״ο˿ڣСλ˵ٴοһۣźЦҴλȥйһҪ̸



923 ֵ
ֻŮһĵǣһŮ˳ͷڷ䣬â顣
ɫ֪ʲô΢ЦһɣҼҹӿСˣǾͲҪ̸ˣ˳ȥ֪ŮӿȻ磬ȴһѲΪ
ַ΢Ц˵ͷŷȥˣ
һߣַ˵ļ΢Цжˣ
˺ٺЦˣһ˸ʲôƨʥְˣ۹ǰСӣԱүǹĲˣ
ʥ棡ַûҪҵĶҵûУ
ܿһۣһƣŵһʲôɵģҲѰڤ棬˻
ַϲã
뿴һһһгĴߴ糤С磬Եþ쳣һֻ֣ɫһ֣һŽɫҺӺƮƮɳ
һɫأ׼ƯеĽɫҺ壬ʼ֮ĵ㻭һѶĽɫĴҺз׷ӿЩĸһӿֳ˲䡣
ɫҺڲҵĲһȻҺһ͹ģʲôȻҪߵӡ
ڤ֮ͨǾǣȻʶĸеΣգͣɫƴ˺ţҪƳӣɾ˲䣬ҺϵĽɫĹâţһŤֳҺһ½İУȻشȥ
ʱһеĽƲĸˣССĽɫֱڤ棬Ƭ̺ͽסȻһĽص֮С
ãȻڤ棬һƻ͵бˣҵ跨ȥʮҵ鷳ô˻ᣬַһһнӹУŲæ֮С
Ҫʮҵ鷳ԣһ΢Щɻ
ǰ£Ӧ֪ҲӦˣַһâ
һݵĪǡĪϴ뽫ʮһһڽ£
ַȻҿֻˣʵеԹ
һƴЦãã½ǵϴ⣬˭˺飿˭׳٣ٺ٣룬ܽʮҲڽ£Ȼ£Ϊ½һүϴǹټˡ
ַ΢ЦҲַֻ֪Ǻǵģ˭ֻҪңҾҪǸصĴۡ
һЦüü£СЧͣٺ٣ڱү˻磬Ҫһʹȥչأ֤˴㣡
һһ̧֣ڷһŰ׹ƮԺУ⻪һһɫķӳ
ϳô˳·ʡ¶ˡһһξ͵˳УȻŤ׶ַ˵ҵսƷٺ٣Ǵӱ纣թģ
ַ˴˳һۣĿһ˿ɫ漴ĬҲϡ
һˣýżһ˳ʱ糵׹һһɫ˴У漴һ֮󣬻ΪһŰâƿշȥ
糵Ϊרŵķлʹ֮࣬ҲԶƽǿ߿ɱȣ治֪һһǴŪģתۼͶݳʥֱʼȥ
ַ龰ͻȻڵұչڼ䣬СãҪչҿɲغʲôϢ
İɣҪѾͷ˸ëһ֡һһЦЦ
ǺǣѾͷ̫棬ûߣʵڷĲڡַΪ⣬Ц˵ɱ̫ˣҪΪ˻磬Ϳɺ޼ɡ
ˣһٺһЦһߣ糵ٶֵһأַɫУת˲ݳ˰֮ԶûΪһС㣬ʧ֮ߡ
һʱһ޷֮ϡ
˴ɽӯɽˮ㣬һõ֮أַһûͣ棬ǳɽڲ˽ȥݳɵľ󣬺Ȼݹһٺһ´ɽʯжݳ·һյʯ֮ڡ
ַȻһæʶ̽ȥʶŸһʯңͱһֹŹֵ˳޷ֺ



924 
ַһĿʯ΢΢һɨһĲ죬ɽʯңôһ䣬ûмͨŻҳмһʯ̨⣬˵һζûУӿյ֮һֱĸо
ַϸط֣Щʯҵıڴֲ֮ͨʿƽ룬񱻾޸һһµնһ͹ƽ֮
ЩϸһĿַɫ
ƺǿַɻһͻȻЦ˵ϴȻﲻ⣬βһµʯڣнˡ
ַ⻰һȴЩ棬ղʶ̽һûʲô֡ͨʯûʲôӣһȻչأ˴Ӧòô򵥡
ֵʯȥһûʲôһָһɫâָ⴦
ַ־һ̣㵵龰ˡ
âɫʯϷһžײ󣬾赲δʯ˿ۼ
ַﲻȻͬʱмֲа
ȻһᣬâȻгݺݵǽһնһֻдǳףʯ֮ϣϾĻָƬ̺ʧӰ١
ʲôôԶ޸ѵʩչʲôַһһ𾪵Ťͷʵ
ҿûʩչǻýʯǳһϣκ֮Чһ΢Цչأ֤κ˵ʶҲܷ㣡
ܸʶ֮үҲªˣɻδ˵ֲϡַüͷ΢΢һ壬ת뿪ʯڣصԭλú󣬻˵
ٺ٣ʵҲ֪ⶫҲǴӱģֻҪ÷ͳˣֶֹƾʱҲǷǳټĶ֪ˣҲûмˡһΪĽ
ģַ⻰е죬뿪˵ʲôʱһȴٺһЦ˵ϴģЩˣǲ񣬸¶ҳǷֶġ
ַ⻰һֹŹ֮ɫһɲԼﵽ˻磬ΪûƵ㣬ͺΪ
ҵȻ֪ϴ·캦£ǲȥġһĵһŵˣϴﰲıչذɣȻʥˣ԰գһˡ
һַüһıӰһۣ΢΢ЩЦԼû˵ҪôȻˡ
ʯһúַڤȡء
ڤ棬ַα棬磬ҲΪʲôһڤ󣬾͸ı֮ǰ⣬Ҫչصԭ
ΪרΪԺʮңħĵƣû֮ǰ;߳Ұ벽һУһңأҲˡ
ַͳһƿҩһź󣬾ͻ˫Ŀҵ֮УȾ״̬ڤ棬ҪȻΪɣɣǿɾСʧˡ
Ժʱ䣬ַÿϵһһ⣬ͽȫ˼ϣʱһַȻֻҪһеڵˣһŵҩ£Ȼ
һʱȻķɿ죡
һյĿַһҪڤ棬ǿ֮£֪Ĺȥˡ
һɽк޶
һ¹ȥˣַǽղ
¡
ʱţ
һĳһգַɽϿգȻѹ裬ɫͬʱ˿˿ȫַʯо˹ȥγۿɼС
øߣǾģǾסģ׷פǰ߳ĵطɫȵȥ
磡˽ˣ
ߴһĻ૵ϵ죬ḻ֮
ʼɵģãȻģ¶Ľ֮񡭡
ͬʱʥеڶϵߣȻûпɫ󣬵ɽ쳣ӲǿʶӦģ
ǳַڵķһۺвɫģ˷ܵģüͷġ



925 
ɽ֮У֮ϣֻӰһһͷɢݵˣ˳ʱϹ˸һϳ˴ߣɫҲ˷֮
ٺ٣磬ڿˣһַȻ״ЦЦУ¶Х֮
һַǰٺٴЦϲˣϴǲӦȥʮˣ
ַû˵ֻǵ˵ͷ
һʱϲһӣʮӰͻȻƿնָЩͻȻֵ˵Щѵʿǻǿߣ֣¿ɸˣ
ַЩ˿һۣҲһ˿Ȼû뵽һȻôڵ£⵹û뵽顣
ʱ۾һЩ̧ŵĽȥڵ˭
ȻϴıӣһҿǺСĵĻһͷҪˣһ˫ֳ죬˸һ˲õĲ¡
ˣ˵˵½ʲô·ַһ߳ȥһߵʵ
ͷʲô·һַʮңǼҳһʱȻ֪ħҪֵϢˣûŪַʵĿģȻħڻû֣ǳַϡ
ھħַ֣Ҳ֮ǰʮҵ鴦꣬ȻԺ½£һᣬŵԶ۹ںˣ
һ۾һã۹ʼ֣
ַɨһһۣͻȻ۹֣ǷսҪһʮ˶ϣ
սһɻʲô˼ʲôô
Ȼ𣬲һȥˣȴѰطţȺҵϢ۹ַ֮˰Σ૵桭ۡʥ桭
һļͻȻȥƷɵüۼȥԶ֮һܳĲӰÿӰ֮䣬Ⱦ룬óҲ׼ȷ
۹ԳʹûǸǸ˸ǣųƴ½֮һȻ½֮ƣиɽ֮У۹ڣǧ
ƻʱͻһӰԶʶһѩ³ۣü΢Ʈڰ֮Уֳ콣۹ǰȽĴѽա
ַȴĩƼһ߹ȥͻȻһֻۣһȾĴţȴѶ˸εƶһ塰ġ£ַٲ̤ľ壬ɫ˿仯űֽɣκ˶ɴ߹Ƶġ
ڵ˴˵ȴֳֵΧ£ַǸδһ߹ȥһֻ
׼ȷȴ˵ϣ˿ɫ䣬ʵĹâӳ˰ӣƮɢĳǱɫĿ⣬䡣
ػֻ俩죬ȴҲͻȻһת㱼ߣЩ˾ߣ۹ɽƽվ㽫Ѫɱҳ㷹񾹱˺תӣǴδ֮¡
ͻһȣʲô˾ţӣ˶ġˡֱ죬һۣͷ׷ˣһ̤ɫʥ桭㣬ǡǡ
׷üŭˣһ˾ͽǺĿƼַʱҲһ±ȭ˭к⣿仰˵ø棬˶ģԼַʾ֮⡣
ַ֪ȴûһ߹ֱߵǰ۹εĻʥ㣿
漴Ȼ۹λʥҵ꣡
ַЦһã֣
һĳкγԹ
ַûУ
ֵزʶ޳ԹΪҪ֣
ַһۣɨ۹һۣŵֻܹ۹ˣ
һĪֻҪ۹ˣҪֲɣ
ַͻȻһ˿Цݣʮսһһ½£һֱԸ⻰Ǻǹ죬ټַЦݣ˾Է顣
ֻһĵȴЦһ֮ˣʮս㡭ĪЦô



926 
ַݣ˿飬ƺ֪ô˵ͻͷأЦҲЦַһֵһᣬ֣
껷һۣ۹Ѹ˫۾ƣ֪ǷǶֲɵˣ˫һãһצڹɫצͳС
һɱ֪֪жǿɥצץ֮£˿ƴ˫ӲıУָ⾹΢΢ǿӦ֮
ǰˣĵӿη壬񣬰һø֮ͽ˫צཻһצ£צϣóצӰһצѣһҪѪ飬Һ֣
ַȳֻ֣ǸһչֵĻᣬôϻ
ɫһ䣬һ˿ȵȥɣʽͻȻһ䣬צȣצں˫צƽֵأεգý֮βһ
α仯ַֻ׿ԭأ˿ǵ콣δ֣Ҳ£ڤ״̬
βַʮȦѲ֪жٴҪַ֣飬õһоӲǲһ
ɫӳַӰƮޱȣ粻ϣ֮ϣѲ飬Թ֮ƵĿɿڴһļԾǻ
Ȼ䣬ֻһХͻȻڿնһצΪڹ⣬գ鶯һʽǧóǧצӰַ֮ץ
צƣΧһнս޲ʤƲɵȲʣ֪ɲ֮䣬ͻһһϼ֡
һתԶ߳ߣֱȥ˫Ѳذʯ֮Уֱַɫ䣬ֻ콣Ȼ֣бָ꣬ȴһεѪԽ⻺䣬Ѫڵϡ
ͻȻҹɫУ˫ŭ͹һѪۣԺţƫУǡ룬⼸һ磬ֱ࣬˿ַ̱֣ҲѾȵû
۹ۼʥڶԷһ֮±ɥ˫۾һ˿һγֵģ֮£˾Ҳ֪˰Σַֻ⻺£һѪ콣߽һˮ
ַ滹ҪĿ⣬ɨһۣĿм֮⣬˵ʶ࣬òҪ֣תӣ۹ڲȥ
ͻһȵɱɱˣԲ۹ԺһƶȻ£ȴΪ֮ݵַģ߽۹ֻǺԲЩŲҲЩ
ĸΪǿϴҲһ׷ȥһɱۺȺˣȭǰңûͷûԵַȥ
⼸˶ǻƸ֣ȭȥҲӣַ֪ͷҲأ콣ֻ㽣˼һҺһ
֮¶һѪֱۣСţûַȺ󣬵ޱȣһѻΪ彣˾ͬʱˣͬʱҺֻһȻȻҧ׷
ַֻǲţÿһαͻȻʮ֣֮һѪ㼣䣬ֻĵɥ˫ϥﻹ׷
ַͷҲأһֱߵ۵޹ʶһţûü˵ۻʶ籩УȻһֽѪĴͷдԲ֮ҹۣ֮Ѫ£
һۣаҪѾͷϣƾϵΪʮˣ
۹߳￪⣬򱱷˼ۣ૵³壬۹³ϼ壬³ߣ׻塭ʮģްµ۹ˣ
һҹŷ¶ͻȻӭǲҲΪһ´֮䣬ʾ
ʮգްµ۹۹֮Уɫԣĩ꣬ŶݷķгߵһΪĹǰ
Ŷÿһǿߣѳţ˽ȥֻһĹ˳˿룬òʮˣԲڹ֮С
һˣ̹׷׳׿ʥ棬ǶǴҶʥԣսϣˡ



927 һս
ˮתһӣ˹˹ţɨ˹ڵϵľһۣŵȻˣǿ֪
⻰ˣʮ֮ͨˣδΪ
˱˫֣ڹл˼Ȧ쳤̾ʮǰ½Ȼھռһ˾Ŵʥ棬¾ŵѪսţ׼˭ţ˭ţ
ްµ۹ʥ棬ǻʥ壬רŴʥһλǿߣԸַģÿҶмλǿⶼַ֪顣
ǰѸ֮ƣ˾ŴңЩʥصĻϹֶϲأһʱأԲܳӭսλȴڱչ͸ȴַ£òһܡ
ɵ׷ڿڶַ䵱˵ַ֮Į֮죬֮ʱҲ΢΢üͷ
۹ַ˵仰⣬˽ֻ˵Ƿĳĳ֡⼸ۣ뵽ЩɫԽǳأʵԻǿߣһһѵҲǸǿߣ
ʱػڹƼͷַһͷһ˸ɫٻͷַǰĿһɨѽ֮һ飬ȥްµ۹Ļ
Щûַַ֣Ϊֻֻ֮ͽ²ҵȺΧ֮Īǻ
Щ˶ͬ˼뷨Զһۣһϼ˼ܼôδˣֻǺॡ죬а˸ڵǿѰγ˳
˷ǵνѸ뻮һâǽһǿУһְνΪҲ֮ģ
ַĿȴ¶м֮ɫͻȻ˼ֻһսӽս˲ɣȵ˸ǿ߶ȥʱеĻѷ׷ױˡ
㶼ӿ˿˿͵͵ַһۣûһ˲Ű˿æ룬аһƽ˵ɫַ֪ˣȻһ䣬ôôһҲûӦ
ոһ˵ˣҾ棬
ʲôµģüͷһ壬
˷ŭ˴˸æҵȽһ֣
ʲôǽˣ˫ü壬кȻ˴򶷣ôҲӦôҲӦѵ˵ΪѸߴľ磡
뵽˼ۣȻĿͻȻ˲˲עͻȻſڵַȻôסˣַǰ۾ʵڲţǰиˡ
ΪַĸоһˮӰû˿ã˲ʵĸо
Ϻأֺǳ鴤ͷ־壬ѣƾ΢΢һǿԽԽ֣̲סʥҪȽ˴ˣ
ɫһŭҪô
ǿߵ˵俴ַû˿֮⣬Ϊַڷ
ȴ˵ǲм㶯֣˿ڣǿߴͷ˵ȴǲ
˵ַһۣŽĿɨǿ̾ްµ۹ô꣬飬ȥҪ˶뿪
ŵˡ
ŭҪɱǣ˭סھȻмɱǣǾ͸Ͻ뿪ʥķҲ³ţһ뻽ˡ
ЩȥַԲԲվԭأֻǱ֮ɫԽԽŨأʱֻ˴󲽶ַǰʱŲ΢٣ͻȻЦû뵽ʮһǵôµĵˣǺЦЦ
ЦУߵַǰΪʮǰΪȻ֪ľ˾ˣΪްµ۹ʥ棬ӦҪȥеݹȻɱҲ㣡
ַ˹ͻȻһºιʶ񣿡
ַޱ飬ȻڴУʮһߣҲҸӿ϶ˣʥеߣǱ֮



928 С
ȻлְɣһΣֻǺһڿնס𽣼⣬룡һ롱ֳڣƬռɲʱΪš
ɾʱַһһѪӰֱֱ˹ȥ϶΢΢һֽӹɻʲô˼
ַһʣһƮԶƮѪģɱ˵ģЩһУֻΪʮֻһԲ֮ҹۣ֮㲻ҪȱϯַӰѳײˡ
һѪַҵһˣҹһЩ飬ֱۣ֮
ۣ֮λڸɽֱ֮ƶǧɡ
ϾСڴһ㣬һߣɽ֮㡣
˿ϣƻ𣬾һλӢ˵һǰʯϴĿֻżɫۣû˿ֵ֮꣬طôһ·ˣ֪ǷǷ֮
ǰԼַҹʱ֣ʮӰͻȻƿնַһ񣬵ȥֻ顢½ʮҵ汲㲻ϸĿϢȴٵľ綷
ҲǰַһˣЦЦλǰԴȴһλͷ̵İ׷ͷѵһսʮôͬ
æȥʱ֪ʮվ̸Цһַ
δַ߽۵á
Ц
ַȻǡ
ȴǲţЦͬ
ַҡҡͷ
һߣôҳ
ַǲʱ˵أʮҵˣͽһˣ
²һشЦС쵰ǻɵˣȻĸһӭսʮҡһЦʮע⣬׷
ַϸһʮλ䲻ߣǻǿߣʮΪ˶ԸԼԳһλǿߣ⻹ʮˣǻǿߣЩУͿȥַµģҲе꣬ͷ
ʮǿУַֻʶˣһ˼ϴްµ۹ǸˣһˣϣΧɱԼǸ׷ͷ
ЩǿУ飬Ҳʶһˣʱ˵һͷ̵󣬿Ӧϼһλʥ档
ϵԼϼĵϵӵܣðȻԼļԣЩλȨص϶˿ӦòһζɣΪôҲ벻׷·µŵСӣڶ̶꣬ͷ
һᣬַͻȻʮҵ˶ô
ŭĪһӢƥʮͬǿߣ
ַЦЦĬ
ַһǷ´ŭֵģս֮أ
˳ڵһҾʥ棬ϲתЦλʥ棬ǽʦڣʵˡ
һΪʱַǰǸСӣԾ˵ַε˲ãȻûַϣлôַһЩǰһΡ
ͷ̵ϼʥ棬ַҲûʲô£ܲ˵Ϸòײôˣˣ
ּ󱲰Լʥ˳
Щϼһﵽ磬Ϊ޵£ҹԴĿ£ʱްµ۹İȻʶַȴû룺Ϊǳί浹Ҫΰڲˡ
һ˵ްµ۹˺֮⣬˼ͷ
ʱӵ˵ǰֵֻһˣʵλǰһ˿Խֵ֪ʮҵ
ǼλԼͬĻǿߵǸλʵҲġֻƾΪԼһ˾͹ˣֻǰһˡ
ַֻ֪ΪţȻô˵ôſĻʱ룺ˣ˴ΰͰ͸ʵڹ˵ġ뿴ַܣЩѷȥ
ͷϳܣַַ߽һֱҲ˼Ŀƽӣ֪ΪŴأ



929 Ѷ˷
ַ岽վЦСһϴһΪ˲ٰɣҲ°ݣܵġѳԶַԴ˿̲
˭ַ֪ĿƽӣȴǿɾʱȻɫһ䣬üôҲˣ
ַɫ黹ΪַͻȻЦ££֪Ľ׶٣ȴҲһͶ֣վɣһֵĻᡣ
ַ֪û˵Ǳ
һ˭˵
ȴע⵽Զˣͷȥ
Ƕ˱ַǱͣס
ȥˣɻİô
վһ̣һĴֻ˶˭йϵԲֹ
ֻԣߵַǰ磬ΪһǰҲһ
ַ֪û˵ȴЦڼȻ˰֣ҲöΡ˼ҪַǰҰܣڿ˵ϣֻȷһˣʵȴ֪֮һ֪ַɡ
ַҲͬʣ̾ʮҵ£ԲԸǣȥκҲԸǣۣ㲻ֻһô
ҡͷܶ˾Ҫˣ
ַЩʲôˣ룺ϣԼʶ˿ɲ࣬˭Լ
һȺƿնУˮذѩѩЩˣʮ񣬾Ȼǻǿߡ
ַƵİ룺Щô֪¡ԭַʮҷս𣬴Ѵ£˲֪˲ˮذѩѩЩˣǺյϢ
Щ˶ַнֻҪַйص£ŵģıϵַˣҲ˵ʲôܲ˼Һǰδ̫ͨ顣
ʱȴͻȻһһһȥж˵Ѹݣڳˣ΢΢һۿҪһҪС
ַһۣһҲû⣬һҶһ֣ԼҲᣬȻַδգȴһЦһһɨһǡ
һĿĵһǺɨֻ֮죬󣬾вһִɨһƲ죬ۺ
쾳ΪܵסһһɨһҽУгַɳűȻȥȥ;еȻⲻѪ鱻һһмɨǣȥɫʱɷޱȣּˣɫĪ״
µһһۣҪͬһڣɾûˣȴ֪ǰַΪһҪַҲǾƲüͷġ
һһסڳ֮ˣһʱʮǿߣȴһ˸֣ǹת˵λ˴ҴǣֻҪֻظҴû˵껰ǰ벻Ҫ֣
֪ϼλʥ濴˺߳ŭصôϻϣٵСӣɱЩˣΪ³ȻʮңпܻУ˵ĶôûʣȴЮͼˣԼ
еЩǿ߶ϸļ⻰һʱȺ鼤ߣ˷ַ˹
𶯣ַɱĿͭ壬ȫһϺȣϵԻ׹죬ɼͣδԽ׳һ
λԩͷծַҪҵĽʮҺҵˣұ鷳˻ˮĿЩǿһɨڵϣ£δ֮ǰһһ仰Ҫ㣬ضڸУ
ڣ
֪°ȥˣ
֪
ãĳԾڴˣҲ½磬ǴѣҲ۷֣׼ɣ
ÿСӣϷͲı¡ֵһ׵ƻóɵУףҿһ־ͽʮɵĹõƴ򷨣ȻһҲûҵ͹ַ
ַȴˣ̩ɽ˫ƽ٣ס콣ʱܾÿ֮ҽȻңǰһĽ
Ȼһַ֣˫ַֿ˳ջ콣
ȴһµַۣɳ㣬ֱ֮˺ѣѪ乣ַ֮ƣզࡣ



930 ֮ս
һɹ֮ǲһַӰ˫з˵µƣ콣ⲿʽתµĲĨȥ
죡׼ݵʽ֮£һĻᶼûУһѪܵͷѹڵء
һУĵ£едڣַһжûн졣
ڳ˶ôסˣȴǲַΪͻȻߵŵĵزֻ²ַʲôͣвһǳ˿뵽ַֻǰСӣΪгѽ
гַҲЦأַ֪ҪȴҲ塣
ַ߽һ̧֣Ӱס鱾밵ϮַĿһ磬֪Ϯŷַס
ַ飬ǰضںδ
ֻƣȫȴ÷ֺʱַ֪Ϊѵ뻯ĵز˭ҲȲԼˣȴСӣֻҪɱңԶҲҵǣ
⻰ַкʢãĹҾͲ㲻˵˵ţһӣȣһš
鱻ַƳþٲˣֱһǰȥһ̧һţ˽¡
ַڲɱԼ֪֮ŮĳװĵŮޣأһֻ˼ӹǲˣһʹ죡
ˣʱֻˮ˹ʼʩװÿҲһİɣϷԴӺǵĸÿҹʣԼأ㣬ɱҰɣ
˭֪ȴ˶ˮԸţִϻޱȣַҪùο飬ˮЦĿַһۣ齿Ц֣Ѱѽ
ַЦһ׸ˮӵˮЦ㾹Ȼɱ㣬ҲϣʹϹһֻ۾ˣ˵ϣ͵һ̳鵱溧һû뵽ѾͷȻôݣһԴҪ̱
鷢һ˲Һһ˵ס֣ˮ;ֻһƼ絯ڽϣѳֲɿɺɣǾץΣֻ¾ͱƼ絯֮
ȥֻһλϵͷͷڻǿеһˣȥҲһλһΪڻǿУҲǶĸ֡
еȿòˣһȷʵַҲľѣߵˮǰһվſ
ˮ侪ΪˣһָʤԼȴʾ֣ҲϲˣǿӲأ
˫Ŀһʮҵˣ˸ʮ֮ˣɵôۼַⷽɱ˶ˣ̲סҪͷˣֻϺ֣
ˮǿӲţһָյˮ󺧣ָϮԼǰõУɣ¼æһãһʧ˷һϣЮֶ顣
ϲַٿסҲſ
ȻΪߣַ֣ȴҲСַվأɱ۹һλ棬һδأ
ַЦһһ䣺ſ
Ϊ½ļ֮һһ򷢺ʩڱˣδ۹ĵй̣ʱټַԼʩŭȵأ
ַ˾䣺ɵô
֪仰ѧԼȥŵƽԷ
ַҲָһֻһҲһָҪȥƵ;УԷָѼʤԼðȻһƵȥġ
ΪߣǷḻ϶һƲܵضԷָ磬㼴Ʋһãһñʧ˷ַһӶϣЮֶ顣
ɲǼı仯˵ȫ±˵ַַ֪ѧԼ飬ȴ˿赲ˣǰһ裬ȴֻк˻ء
䵽ַУԾתתȥԣԺģҧҧͻȻڵСӣ㻹벻Ѿͷ
һ⻰ַʱŭǣ
ֻ˫ģͻȻбӰЮһѻԵŮ䵽ЮŮӣַ󾪵콫˷ˣ
ʱаѱ֣ʱһ˻һˣȷ˵



931 Զһ
ַݺݽ˳ȥҲʲôȥ˼ַϮҲ赲˱ߣ˵ַֺɫʱò԰׵ôԲѡ
ʱЦɲҵ£ҵʱӣƾʲôӣҲǡ˵ͻȻЦֻλŮӣλŮô
ַû뵽ǾȻ涼Уæضǣôˣ
˫ĵûôԼɡ
̣ٶһˣΪ飬ÿһЮһˣһλһλض
˱Юźǻ˹ȥַǰᲽסЦ㻹ҷô
ַףŭأ
鵥һ˵뽻쳾¼
ַмΪһƹʲôˣ
ȥʥץǣΪ˽պҪ쳾¼Ȼڸ㣬Ƕɱɱȴˡ
ַ쳾¼У˵õ쳾¼Σ
Իˡ
ַôŷ
һﻻһˣܹƽĽסشַ⣬ҡҡͷɫһ䣬ŭּۻô
ַ
ЦСӣԡ쳾¼ҪЮߣٲţӾɱһʣɱһһҲҽô졣
㡭ַƣʱ쵰ʼһһضֻá쳾¼һ˵½ʵǰ
һʶʱˣֽš쳾顷ֽض˹ֱַסض֮ŵһϺ󣬲һˣô죡
СӶ˵Ǵˣֻǡ¸һЦӵȴδ̫Щ涼Ʒأ½Сһ죬һ첻ð
ַЦɿ佱˵Ҫôɡ
ǶˣΪӣҲܲҪСһ֮ģΪڲԺֻƾʵʵںء
˵ͻȻӵ࣬΢Цӵ뿴λСѩòһĲѣСһ޵ģ˿С˸̣ǿϧúܡ
Цö˶ţôʿһţʲộ˵Цˡ
˵ЦͻȻһгѩ׷ļ֮ϣʱһѪܵĴڣʱȴһȻ˹ȥ
˿һԺ֪ξȻҧѽ
ַʧɫȴЦԭڱ淽Ų˵ЦСӿɿôвƣеϦ·һǴ̵ЩСһò˺ֻ¾Ҫɲ潿ˡ
ַǿ򶨣Цպգҿ顭
ɫͻһЦµҲװͿˣҪıƽƽ߳ùԹԵĴӦ¡˵ɶ˶٣ŵʵҲ¸㣬ҵŮӣǻˣþӣҲŪǣֻ֮ʱȴѵģԲΨ̸
ַȻЦ˰ͷҲӦ֪ҵֶΣ
֪浱Ȼ֪һЦһƣϡ
ַɫһ䣬˲ЦʵұϼһӣǼ棬ֻҪķԸ£ضӦģֺοԸһŮӡ
ţһ£Ҫڵϣߵͷ
ַף㱾ҵ棬棬Ȼ¡
ڶ£Ҫԣ׷ɱҡҲӦô
ã
ͻһ˿صЦݣӵӦȴδ̫ЩίʵЩģһⲻĵ£򲻻ġ
ַҪβܷģ
ͻȻóһذףַǰˣȻǷĵù˵ʲôҲͬڣҪǿΪ
΢٣Ŀעַһһֵػ˿ֻҪһֻ֣ұʱ£ұ㽫ƽƽ˵͸㡣




932 
Ѫ죬Ҳףʼգδһüͷ˿ȴ㡭ǧĪҪӦδˣһϡ
˻ҡҪҡǧҪܣ߰ɡҪˡ
ַԼ⣬סȴ巢֮ĸˣοұǶȥʱҪһͻȻһԾ
ӷһץסͷ´һֶ˱ذףذֱʺصӿûЩϧ֮ģֻҪһ˶Ҫʬˡ
ַ˫ȭգȴһҲұƽ
ֻѱõ£Ųסһ˫ĿУҲʹ⣬ȴ˻ҪҡҪҡ㡭߰ɡ
ַͷ类̣鲻ԽȻˡ
ЦҲôֱһռͷкβɣַľȻҲ
ӦҲ޿κΣֻڴţһϷһ䣬ǰѱ˵ͻȻѿ¶ǾӨţ룬һߣѪ˿˿ڳҺѱ鵶ȴ»Ӧô
˻㡭ǧĪҪӦ㡭ˡǱضŹġ
Цļģġ˵潥£ѻӨ׵ţӽꡭ˿˿ڳѪļ
ַͻȻҧһҧʰǱذ׵ã
Ц㻹ǷˣˣС˶Ͳôˡ
˻ҺҪҪ
ʮҵ˶ѱ۾ַָֻ̧̿ذףָڲ԰ף֣ƲסԲһƶСĺ飬бų
Ȼ䵶һһ˻ҺУذױһһˡ
ͻȻŭȵϲġôѾ˵ãֻҪǿϷӱɴСŪ쳾¼ʱзݣ
ˣްµ۹ǿߣʱɫ࣬ǰֻ㻹Ǹˣ֪ȴǸްµ۹˶Ƕص֮ʿһ¡
һΣѽУ׸ַǸСֵܣ֮£ްµ۹Բס㣬Ҫֻްµ۹ң԰գȥˡ
ַһϲ֮ǷͬСɣס½˻Ҳ̲סʹ
־ŭ⣬ĪεͼƣĪֻҪСһ黫ޱȣʱֲԣһŭһ˿
ֲַ㣬ͷһȥǻ¡ӽƤܳ
һԷ𣬵аâһһӰһ˽ȥȵһϵʱʧˣһģ쵰Ȼ;ᡣ
ѩǰ׷
ذѩ׷ˣִ;ᣬԽô׷ĵ
ַ俴ʧķһۣɨٳʮҵһۣұѰᣬǺͽ֮ĶԹȴǲˣǾ͵Űɣģһ԰գȥˡ
ʮڶǿߣȴûһٸҳֻ֣Ҫַһһȥ
֮һºϳһصɣ˳ơšΪΪ壬ºȻ
ŵˣ˵һλʮµ濡ӣһΪ˫ıǳʥŽڣŶĶаɱ֮£˵ûһӵùŵ׷ɱ
ɱַʮֹ죬һ䣬ɱ֮ǰȻԡ졯ʾʾ㣬ŻһšѪ״Լڡ
Ȼŵ˲Żĳ֣ȥаͷ­һż״ĵͷ֮ϡ
˵ɽĺڰ˫Ѿ
ڰڤͷҲá
⻹ɱһӵܡԪصˡ
Ƕļаûһܹ⡣
ɱģҲɱ޹
ʾŵټһת磬һҪһЩǿķˣԴʮֶŽһΧˣҲʧܺ󣬾ҲûκŵĻ롣
֮Ҳ˴£ɱľһɱʮҲ⣬˷ǰˣâڱʳѰ



933 Ѫл
޵λ½ǣɽΪǣ꣬ų˫յ޵ŷǳ֣翪ϯ顣
ھϯˣȴʳζ̸֮¡
ֻ޵ɫأ˵һС£ҾλݣɽҪĿģλоһ£˴ǰʹߡ
һ˵ʹʲôŵˣҲͲǸͷ۵޵ŵĵҰ
޵ŵ߲ƣ߲ŵġһδϣͻȻ죬ּ̽ץûϵһ֣֮Ȼһ̿ա
ֻһɫӰӲƣһ¥еĽ֮ϣѶһɫС졣
죡
ŵĺ졭֮𣬳һɧǵСģѰߣߣ֫˲Ҳʧȥ
˶ʧ֮ʡ
ұ£үȥɱЩʲôĻ򡭡һĴ֮Уһλĳ˳Ӧ޵ׯׯ
֮гˣֻׯһˣ󻹸ʮ˺ˣǵ飬ƺ޵ׯеλ͡
ͻȻԺλõׯüͷһ壬ͳôˣҲ˵ûҵ򲻿ɻôɳȥĻˣôֻʣʮˣ˵ȥˣ
ŵɱˡׯȭͷգҧ
ʲôׯ΢΢һĵλ֣
һλ꣬ǰûӦǵһγִʵλ磬ȴգۼ㽫ŻƶʵɱˡׯԹ
ꡭֻлλʵ޵ׯׯ۾ȻͷһЩŵϢɫ΢΢һ䣬ģ𣡡
ûСǼһ߸żŮˣȻЩŮɴ˵λׯͻȻţɭɭһ˶ץЩ֣һЩŮ˶ˡ
žһĶڴ֮д̶Ļصλׯ壬һУݺݵײǽ֮ϣֱǽ˼ʮɣҵ˵ϡ
޵ׯׯŭһ˫۾ŭɣҪһ㣬к޲˶ӣô͵棬Ȼ˵ôĻ̫˵ģôģҲӦ˵˳
ףʲô޵ŵׯӵĨȥѪЩţЩŭ
׳գѵϵôׯһƽǰؼӲĳɷ飬ŭ˼ҶѾɱˣ㾹ȻôŮˣģôôɵñ
ӷŭ޵ׯׯҲĭףѵ޵ׯŲɣǿѹͷˣܽô
˵ϻ̹˼ȥ޵ׯû⣬ܱѪ޵ׯׯɫѿȵ
磬ׯ˵Ҳ޵޵ׯڵʵȫȵϰǿ壬бҪôôׯѣⲻƳ޵ׯôҪǴȥԺô½㣡޵ׯׯԵһλӣͻȻԵ
ԣ޵ׯׯҲЩԥãε̾ϣʹ߲Ǻǿɡ˵ͻȻĶӣȵ׳գһ֮ڣ׼ٿׯӰ벽ӾʹĹȣ
ѵ⣬޵ׯׯʣǵ˵ͷ
ǰЩ׻ҷźţϣɣ޵ׯׯصϣЦŵ׻ҵ˲ܼʱ޵ׯοڽˣ
Ǻǣ׻Թ˲Ͼ㻹ǻһһһЩʲô£һЩʲôûĵ£ԼӦܵʲôĴɡ΢Цõɫոƽ޵ׯׯ˲òҰޱȡ
ܿͻȻпգһգ۱ׯ⣬뿴Ϊˣԭʱȴʧ֮ɫ
һĻߵλʵׯʲô
˶̫죬ʲôҲûп޵ׯׯ̾˿µ



934 ʹ
˵зǰһ˶ϵʱ䣬ׯôǲʱ䣿ݵӣͻȻѵ
޵ׯׯûһʯ̨˵λע⣬޵ׯܻһѪȷ磬Ըׯһ֮ߣڴ˼ϣ뿪㡣
˵޵ׯһǿׯǸݶҰͽᡢη嶼˭ҼΣԺ˺ܿ㼯
˶ݺݵ˵ׯصˣȷˣεзʹ߾˵зֻһΣһʧЧԺ󶨲ٷׯˡ
䣬һָգʧɫ˵ǿʲô
չĿȥֻƯһֻ֣дϻģ
޵ׯׯһˡ
״ӭħŰı֮һ
þ
ʱ䣺ɢ֮ʱ
޿ɣñǿдģʵǿ߾ܰ쵽Ϊ棬дЩʱȻûһ˷ֿƾ֮㹻š
֣޵ׯʱٴУ۴·С·Ųţ˰أǽͷҲˣƵܲ͸磬ֻӬҲɲ
Ƽȣׯ˲ǰĽ棬Ҳǰ棬ٵĵô죬ѵħӭʹ
޵ׯׯܱɨһۣĵ֮λ޴ǣ̹ǿɾŵĹˡ
ǣºƾоݣûɱ˰
㶮ƨξʹˣׯǵħˣ
⻰ŵ˵ɣ
ߣڿ˶࣬ǸðȻͷ
λһֱǶ֣ѽ˿ȹϵϣׯ䱻򣬲ʱβȥɱһ
˵ţ˾Ҫжȴׯֹˣ³çаڵйѣƣطΪȫ֮ߡ
޵ׯׯôһ˵漴뽫Ŀ⼯ڿеǶ֮ϡҵȴһŹԽԽ
Ժеʰɾصţͷ߳ˮֵƮҲŵؿҪ
ڣɢˡ
ֲˣˡˡֲ˵һ룬ŵ׼ʱſ˶˵Ҳжʮ˶ڴſڣȴûа취סŵˣֻӰ˶Ӳ
ԺУӰӣڵҫ֮£ħһ㣬ѪϢԺУ޵ׯׯɫڲ԰֮𽥵Ļظ˹ŷ֮ϱȭ֪λӲ޵ׯкҪ£
˵ͬʱ޵ׯׯŴеʮ˲źۼʹ˸ɫ߲߲ƣ컯֮ʽţ޵
յׯɫʮ˶΢΢˵ͷϲɫȴȡһ׼
׼ˣ޵ׯׯٴ˫ȭһŴǾȻǴŶβһ
һЦͻȻӰͻȻӷ֮ԾͷһʮˡĿݹӣȫɴŮӣʱֻλݹӿڵȻˣȻҪġ
ҿУλݹӵ䵽ϺŮнӹһСӣǰ̶޵ׯΥˡ
Ǿǡ޵¡ȴ˪ޱĿݹ˵缫شĺ磬һлһָ޵ׯıʾ޵¡
޵ׯׯôҪ֪벻㣬ʱ⼸λɷǣȴû˿⣬ֻúȥӲͷƤʵºˣ
λݹ³֣зʹߣ
Ѫɱ˵֯ߣűɱ֮Ƶ

Ըôܻʹ𣿡
ᣬ˾ȥҲüͷ
˾ŵ
ϻ̫ˡֻۣһĳѳУңָ޵ׯׯȻԸԾУ



935 ֤ɽ
ʱ޵ׯׯͻȻǰɫ˵ӹȻѴ޵ׯͱȥˣ
𡭡ɨ޵ׯׯһۣ΢΢ɭȴ޵ׯׯĲѡ
ʱ޵ׯׯüͷһһɲĸоͻȻǰһһƽıӓ˳ȥٴΰׯɫ΢䣬˼ʧף㡭
ס졭޵ׯׯݺԼĶһۣһ鴤󣬲ſڵϷʮδ֮ˣǿħ֮£뱾ׯûаϵ
ׯ۾˵ϹУиоݣɱһˡ
ǰûУȴ˵׼ˣС´Ҫó֤֤
ǲײˣתֵǱ˿֮չǰׯÿħʹͨŵʱص㣬Կɡ
˵УѽǱСӶ˳ȥ޵ׯׯмһˣͶڵأα֤ûĿڳ˿죬֤ʲô
ʱȺðһͷ޵ׯׯһ˳͵һ飬ٽϵСʰһȽϣصׯصʱǰׯʱԵϺţ㻹ǿ磿
޵ׯׯһ˾ȻԼׯеĹ£ӶˣŭĵôĵӣȻҰ˶ԸׯˣҲֻ˵дɣθҶ϶ħйء
֮ԱǣתȡһǴħһ̽ѻģױţԼħ簵ͨѶ㲻ٷ˰ɣ
޵ׯׯһţɫ䣬Դ𻰣һε¥ڽӿ˵ߣҲϲˡ
䣬߳һλȶˣϸȳֻϧɴ棬®ɽĿŮһڽֿ޵ׯׯӣЦλ쵰ׯȴħļϸԼſ֤
⻰޵ׯׯɫһٱ䣬ŭҶиһƬţŮŮӣǰҪڽ¶޵ׯׯĵϸʱ
ȴһ޵ׯׯ㻹ʲô˵
֤ȷ䣬ɽ޵ׯׯһʱſڽ࣬޴Զԣ͵һʨӺ߳ŭصϣɱ֮ɱŵʹߣΪ³
ٵ޵ׯʿԣɻȣ˷
𶯣ɱĿ纮ȫһϺȣ׹죬ɼͣȻԽ׳һ
λԩͷծҪҵĽ޵ׯׯһˣұ鷳˻ˮĿһɨ޵ׯׯϣӦ֪ôõ񣡡
ôõ񣡡޵ׯׯĴһʵҿ޵ׯھͽɢ˵仰ʱ޵ׯׯ΢΢һָɬĵģԶΪƬ½ϵ飬ţǷԷŹң
Źô۾΢գ³Ļȴ޵ׯׯˡҴܻⷬһʱ㣬ȴôΪ˵⻰ʱû⣬ʵҲʲôˣҲˡ
վһԵ޵ׯׯ΢΢鴤£۾֮Уıǣ˫͵ػóݺݵĶ׼΢ݿ¡
Ҫ޵ׯׯ״ɫ䣬æȵȻ޵ׯׯȴǳšЦҪȥɡ
˼ֻȡӵˣҿһҲǲ񣬾ȻԼǾȥɡ΢δҲûгַֻǵĮ˵һ仰Ե˵һ⡣
޵ׯׯ˫ͨ죬д󵶣ݺŭ¡ȴ꣡ͷѵĴڴԺУЩɭĻصţһֻϽ֣֪ʱķ޵ׯׯϣâ΢֮䣬ǴĲӣһŤϡ
شھӰ빫ִͣˣȴѾ۾ȥϽֽǾ߻ʬ嶪ǽ֮УĮȻЩɱ˱ǣαضѿ࡭



936 е
ʱһСȴʮ־ӰϽ˳һֻۣÿЦʮôô嶯ٿϽ𣬻治֪ǲԣ
Ϊʮ⻰ֻõͷ
޵ׯׯɱ޵ׯׯ˺Ƭ̣۾üΪͨ죬ҧĵǻΪ߾ߵĵطôŵʵȷ޵ׯҲǿ࣡
԰գɢϽ
ٺ٣磬οԼֳֵģɲܹңʮգ۾һϽͻȻϹһʧԭء
ÿСӣϷͲı¡ֱӭϽʹ֮ףҿһ־ͽʮɵĹõƴ򷨣ȻһҲûҵ͹Ͻ
Ͻȴˣ̩ɽ˫ƽ٣סׯϮȭŵᣬÿ֮ҽȻңһĽ
ȻӰһ֣Ͻ˫ͻȻֿ˳ƴӱγһϽ̵ֻһ죬޵ׯׯײ϶̵Ƥʱ˺ѣѪ乣ҺУ׷˳ȥ
Ͻȴûоʹ֣޵ׯׯ׷ɳȥһ˲䣬Ҳ׷ȥ̵ⲿʽת޵ׯׯĲĨȥ
һоͷһգۼ䣬׼ޱȣ޵ׯׯһĻᶼûУһѪܵͷѹڵأһУԲ޵ׯϽһжûн
Ҷôסˣֱ䳯ЩǲŻع׷׳ȥЩȥˣû˿׷ɱ֮⡣
Щ߾֮Իȡһᣬ˼ۣ૵ڤţѩɣ˫޵ţʥ̣׼塭ѾȫĸˣԻżˣ
磬߰ɣҲˣĲо֣ȻʰվԱߵʮ΢΢һЦڷ֮һ̤μգӰ档
ЦĿӰһۣҲȥĵӰƽĴϿռʱʢ磬ȥʱѪȡ
ɾʱӵκȻһ٣Ȼͣһ֮ϣ΢΢ͷߵһߴ֮ȥкӦ˫ӣڵĮעǡ
ʱɱǰӰҲֵ˳۾Ͻ֮ʱǵͫ΢ɲ
ЩˡӦûжɡǿأʮ֮ϣԾݣͻȻ
ҲӦˣ۾΢У
ʮĮĵ˵ͷͨϽӦģҪҪһ붯֣ѰеЩ˱ƳʮڵӼ䣬ӹĺ⡭
ʵСվߵһŮͻȻҡҡͷѩ׵ͣϣƽû˿еĲֻЩ֮ˣû˵ĴҡС԰գżڽ֮㣬ΣֱԾ¡
ֻʵǻǱμƹ֮ˡı仰Ƭؼ䣬ص治״ΪʲôҪϯ񣬻е
۾΢΢գǸһĨЦݣżٴε㶯ĵӰΪĨ⣬Ѹʧ֮С
ɾȥãǰסǴطͻȻâһӰֳֻһˣͻȻһܸӦǣǲǸеȡĵЦ޵Ĵַ
ֻСӺе㲻ˣǶǻǿߣȴôһƾСһǣμƹ֮ǲе㡭˵һͻȻüַƺҲ֪ʱַЩʲô
ٺ٣ֵַܣȻе㲻֮İɣԺ󶨻Ƕһģû˱Ҹ˽ΪˣַȻһЦûһĻ
һͻȻתˣ磬ܲ£
ַЦҪңΪʲôҪҹ䣬ȴȥô˵һɻı飬ַٵҪˣӦ֪ϴҴоȻضȴֻ˹
һڷ֮ϣüǲǼ̫ˣһŭ֮£ˡ



937 Ѱ
ַ̾Լ·Һڴ˰̾
һȻ龹ǰ֣
ַȻȷǷǳ֣ȴв֫ȵһ֣飬͸ŵ죬֮⣬ضȴѽȳ˯״ȣգôҲǲѡ
˵ǿڱǺ֮ϾھҲû˿֮һ£ȥʱƤ󻬶ˣûаϢ
һ̾ħַЩ쵰֪ʹʲôʹߵĶ㳤˯ѡ
ַʹĲѵĵʩܲ˿Ӧǲ֪϶ã˵иޣڣǾغգ浽ʱҿ治֪ʲô
˵ַȻʹ޴֣ħַȷزɲ⣬ֲȷǲħģڣõİ취ҵ飬ɣ֢ܲҩ
һȴǶȻҸȷħģ鲢ûʲôϵ
ַȻôô϶
һɻҲ֪ΪʲôҵĴмУǽһһλҲ
⻰ַʱȻȻ㴫м䣬ǲˣǼһħ˵ǹʹˣǶˣת
Ӧô죡һͻȻվǲǴħ磬Щ쵰˾ѣ
ַһۣͻȻھȻѾ϶ħģżˣħټʣսױ֡¶⵽ԵĴ֮ǰǱһжеֲ֡һȫĵطȥҪһĩպԴ
ȥһַհַĻҲǵ˵ͷ
ȥ纣ɣޱߣȥѰһûпĺ֮أ˵԰գ˱ȥ˴ʱʵ·Ƿɿޱȣʮպַڱ̲֮ϣۣĿȥ
ĿģҪһ֮أڵ֮ʱַⱩ纣ַڶԼļңֻʱʵޣǷһҲǿռΪãھûⷽĹ˼ˡ
ûǴĻǰǴ鵺Ӧ⸽ˣַ˵һ䣬ԣһĿȥֻ⸽ĺƽ˾ʲô
ϸع۲Ƭַ̣üͷһ棬֣ǰһԭһеĿռһŤһĺƾճǰ
쿴ȥƻãѹ־ַǰһʱ֮䣬ҲҲ⵺ȷλãԭ챻һΪµˡ
һ鵺һ󡭡ͻȻ鵺һϲѸƿȻ׵ƿ˱󷨣˽ȥ
⴦ȻַǰеĸأŨγ״ϸָضǣδεҲĴܣһַһİˣ£ش
һĴĻŭţסصͷĵĵطϱү̵ģǰôû֣Ⱪ纣򣬾Ȼһء
ߵģһСγأÿɫƣһ̾ññȻ뽫ĶΪУＴΪַԺס֮أĵۼҵĶﻹһ
ˣϻһַеһ㣬ȻδļˣȻҪúõһĵطҲҲڶˡ
ѾַȻȾָ뵽ַһóͨžµĴӺƳһԻı
ӽԺͲֻͣںϣͨܲͣƶԳΪһʵĿе죬Ļλã͸ˡ
Ưڰ֮УŽµ鵺ַһһ⣬깤ţֽԼ󡢻ɱͨͨ˵Χ
ַţǻǿ߽УҲҪѲƤʱҡſϣҲԺս±ַһڵһƬյϣֽһӵķݡ



938 Ե
˼ˣ̶鵺ʱ磬ֵﷱ֮ʣָ񣬱鲼磬תһַ꣬һռ˸ָͲϡ
ʱʲôʲôˮضǰһõϧϣǱΪȻֻ˵˵жĲĲˣҲ֡
ЩһεɼϵԺķչսȻҪܵ޴ƻʱϽǼȱˣʱַٿ࣬ҲҪߣ
һ;ĿɿڴؿַķΪôҲ벻һַϴ󣬾ȻһѰ񡯵ļһһʱ䣬Ѱ;УÿÿΧзʱַȻȻǵΧڣԵֻдˣ
һԵաۣһַ̺Ʋ˾롣
ҲʶģĲʶ
Ҳ̫޳ˣȡᣬȻôûʵɣ˵֮Եֱү껹ҪԵ
Ȼַȴ޲˿̣š磬˷ѡΰĿŬš
һ棬ַΪƵǣ˿࣬ȴȻûзһΪЩ鱦֮ʣѾЩֲˡ
ЩͨġѱҲӦøһˣַһ棬ŤͷźЩʧ׷ǲŵһƬ˺ֻ쳤̾£Ҳ棬⻹Ǽ鷳°ǺʱףСүôĿԣ
֮£źƺƵһٹһԺַһЩһΣǳЩȥġ
һ£һ·֮ϣ۵ߣȫУչѸ·Ȼ·;Уǿʲô˳۵ַԵ˴ȡˣ
ʱһѾľַΪһ˵һ˵Ϳʼȡ
˰ԵΪȻǷ紫磬һСģÿжûĿʾˣΪ̫ߣʲôҲȭŴߡ
ԣַһ˾ˣȴӲûܹϳֻ֪һԹˣСĽԼұպã˿Уʮа˾ŻŪ
Ȼ£Ҳβߣһգһַ䵽һڿնʱһͻȻüͷһ壬һ֮С
ַҲ֪ʲôȥľֻһ˵˫ѱһһϣ˲䣬ѳһٿͷȾѪɫ԰ףڶʮ䣬ٶ
ʱһ߹ϴһΪѴ쾳磬Ǻһ·ˣΪ˹죬ͼı
ַ˵ͷʵô˵
һݺݵһۣŵȻ˵Ǵ·ߣǻɽҰأ˵ȡħмֵƫƫҲᳶǱоġ
ַüˣûзˡ
һҡͷץһʱʶѸɽ֣ûзˡ˵꣬һۣЦҪһЩҪ̲ųɡ
Ҫǰȥַһѳһ̵δ϶Էǰƺá
һȻֲԼ˵Ūݡ
ַ΢Цѹ̵̷ַ߽ģɣ
ַߵ׳ǰ˱۾ЦۣȻϻش⣬ֻʩȹҪλúлῼԼĴѡ񡣡
ޣ͵ۣ³һڴѪ˿ŨѣóɵѪһ
һȻͷѪնȥ
ֳɫ벻һô׾ܹܿͻȻһ΢΢ֱ۾
һһĮ㲻˵үͰϵƬһ¶мɫЦѣַЦϴܻܲرһ¡
ַЦһתȥˡ
˲صһ֪ҪôĥԼ
һȴת󣬼˱˫֣Цλϸָۻٺ٣ǰ棬ȴϵϸ⿪ʼˣ
ŭҪɱҪУϤ⣬ΪҪĥң



939 ˴
һֵһۣ΢ЦΪϲĥˣڱү붯ָˣΪֺϵ⣬˵ʮָʹģֺȴ֪ʹôֻ֤˵˵ʮֺͨʮʮֺûˣһΪҲǷ˰ɡ
⻰ɫ䣬ڲȻҸ֪˭ֻΪ·ŵ۹μʮҡѧԺĵٿ˴ᡣ
˴ᣬһ֮ݡ
ַһɫж뵽ħ缴֣½Щ齨˴ᣬѡһ쵼½Կħ硣
ºñͼʿã֮λħ˵УǸǲ룬˵˻һԭ򣬾ħƲ
ͬʱ뵽ַͻȻ˹ǺǴЦԭһᣬһλ֣ǰǳأǲʶһѰ¥ļ
ֵȻԣΪƾһ仰еͷŵĴѵԼĻԼ˵ʵԣҲδ̫˾˰ɡ
һȥʱͻȻַϴһ˲ı֣ЩǶЯģ˷һ㣬ɾͲðˡ
ַɿһҵû뵽һ㣡
˻һľ˫˫ţɵصĿϷң
һʼַ׼ˣ֪һᣬǸ⻹ܸô
˾һѸմ
ַ΢Цָһһ
δлԼѾ㶨ŵַˣ
ַͷµţ
˱ƶˣˬ糤֮󺹡
һַδ֣׻֮˵
ַԲΪˣҺֻܵˣǽǹⲻȥ
󺹹Цܽöλ̨Щƣҳݣ
֮ԲڽԭһԾΪ½ɽΪĵ磬֯ܣ½չĻС̡
󺹽Ȼǵļ缰һɽ٣ƷͨɽƣΨмìɽޣǼݴԦ·ı·ҼͷӾרųħҵģڴڸģйˣƵģֻǼˣǲмӡ
ͳһϽƣһ磬һǡ̡֣һôȤӹƣʵǸɵҪô⣿
󺹴ν첻Ҫǰɽɽ󡢾ʯҪĵطڸγһͨ磬صİõǵľԲ۴СҪ缸ӡ
Ÿ˵صʶλʵң֮۴ʮʱʥްµ۹ǳţ壬ûвߣӢ˭ȵүү
Ҫ˵ַһе㲻˼ڴ½ûӰ𣿡
Ц̫ƽʱ̫ƽʱսʱսҵһףֻҪ粻ûзеģղŰ㱻λѵɴ˵£ǾģֻͨҪƣ˶ӡ
һε⣬ڲŹȻ˵ã㲻˵ʮĵԺҪڰŵ۹ô˴ô⾿ôһ¡
󺹵ɫȥ̾Ǽķ£ʮ½ͷӰνѧԺĴΪʮ·Ҫ½ϵдСˣΪŽԿУҿǸҰġ
һüͷϵԺ˭
󺹵һͻѡһλϽµɲûйȨȴɴȥͷ˵ʱٿִᣬ½ڲӰɴС뿴˭
ַһɫвʮҲ˵϶˵ʮ֮λַʮҵĹϵ˺ǵһҪԸĿַ꣬š



940 ı
ַԴҲûԴ󵽿½࿹ʮҳΪͷɳô˭Ԥϵġ
һ̽˶ЩǺηأ
󺹿Ц᲻ҪɣԼʮĵԺڳһԴСĸ֣Ю´ƣӲҪǼǵˡ
ַˣô
󺹳ʱԲ̫ҪڲΣһڲһµľ˵ĽֻһˣʲôҲ˵ҲӦס
ַǹ׼μӻǾܾ룿
󺹵ҽŵ۹Ҫ͸ǰ˽ǵ뷨˶ŲμӣǵĴǳѣ˵ֻ
һȻˣ
󺹿Ц˵ֻǸˣסжҪȨޣδλҪȥԸôˡ
һʮЩĴ쵰
Ȼ𾴵磬ҲֻŸҲǵˣҲÿǵɫˣô󺹰ֵĵطֻҪҰõȫԸ
ַ㻹ǰɣ˵ֵȴ֮ˣΪмп̺ĳıҪպȥһ˰ŵ۹
ʧô
ûʲôôСֵģһ΢΢ıһòһӥǼ񺺣ַҡһ䣬˸ĻӣͱһҪ㿴ҿ㣬Ц
ҹϵĸ·ֻʮչ򣬱ִ˰ŵ۹
ŵ۹Ϊ½۹֮һ֮۹˶٣Ҵʱ˴ᣬԣڰŵ۹춼У̰˷ᣬ˳;
˸ǣһִӭӣ糤֮Ȼλߣûнַһˣ಻ѯʡ
ڰŵ۹ͨϱŵֿ˼ħ̣˾ڵ̺Ժţȥµıʱ˾ʮŸ·΢΢Щƣ룬ڷ
һߵѥӣ̯ϣδƵַ治Щ쵰ʲôħڼȣǾȻꡣ
ַ˵˴ᣬûħ˲룿
һ⻹˵ʢ£ħˣôܲʲôϵ
ַʼҲ֪ȴֲõԤУо˵ıӦðһ˵ıֻڱУһ¶ɸı䣬ֻܽʵ
һ׵ȻϴĸоǾʹˣǷóЩħˡ
ַȴʵͣ
һӴ⣬¶Ҫ¾ֻһʱȥƻʮҵı治ϴΪβԸЩһ
ַ̫̾ŲǺ£ʮеһǳ֣δؿǣ˵ʮ֦ͬһһپ٣ûͬʱԸʮҵʵ˭ðȻǳ֡οħ֮ʣʮҪҪԸǣҲս֮󣬲֣ܳʱ˿ֵõǳǿ
һЦүǹֻһʱûˡ
ַЦУȡ
һϲĿг񣬿˵
ַȻʧЦŪ˵ɣʮңĵԺܿǰһµ֣Ǳ濴ô򵥣Ҹҿ϶Щжܻµˣħ൳Ҽпܣʮ֮˰ħ໥ˡ
һһ˵öԣڼ䣬Щ˵ܿΪµĴôа󲿷ݶվͬһߣĴռˡֵϴ˵ףҲϼӵܣϼӵܣȥ׿ڷ硣
ַЦ֤δЩϼһ棬Ҫ¶ţ쵰뺦ҡ
ʱɫص߽Ҫȥһˣ֧־ܾμˣкܶӦġ
һأʵ˭
ַԵȥ˽в˳ɢʹߣ½Ĳԡ



941 Բ
һͷ˰ƣ½Ĳ϶еͷΪô
󺹵û֣һݰֵܣȴ۰ɽĺߣɽ֮һΪݴѴ磬ôǿĿɽ˭
һݵ˵ڤ棬ڤȴǽһĶͷԺҪ
ַʵʮҵΣ
󺹵ʮʹǰѵ˰ŵ۹˿Ĵ˵ͷĿ˴Ὣںڰŵ۹Уʱ޶ࡣ
һӴϵǾ²˳٣ȥ˵ɣ
ãʹȥ󺹴ַһһĴԺ
ڴԺĻڣһ˶һɼĺΣʮӷ͸ڣһӹֻ֣˱㿴Ĳơ
Ǯʹĥ⻰Ȼ١
Ǹӣֲ֪Ƿ׸⣬ƺر٣ŴƽԴ϶ֱӴּ缷ƵģƬ촽һ֪ǽԺֵˡ
ַһʱδл˵ѹЦֲֶҲһþòֶ泤һ˲ˣֶ°ɣҵԣֶܲܵΡ
ַһһ¶ʵ¶ţȴʾļţЦҲֻǸ裬֣Сֶͳˡſֿѵϣҵȥң¹С
ֻڲǰ϶ʹӵݣһַ¼ɣȻԿжԴ
ǸϢСƫռȥ֮һ˺ͲòشкһŮͷϵ㡣
ʱѯ󺹸׵δת⣬һյַԵϴΣ
ַӦǸز¶ĸ֣ڳӣֻƭ֡
һɫͷҲͬУԡңұеһݵазһĹ֮˺׽͸ӡ
⻰ַһǾ˲¶࣬϶ǻĸ֣һþħĸ֣ǽ˵ôֻͽѴ࣬ΪħϣԽԽá
ַɫҲѿ˵ôټ°ɣбҪӣ
󺹵γʱǧԸСֶҪ̲Ǿ;᷸
һַĽˣķԸҪıתΪ֧ħˡ
һʵЦϵôҲҲҲСһƣ˾мƷɫӨ͸ԣٲҵõһ纣ϻ飬𲻳־ֻͲ͵ĵȻֻЩйѡ
һַĿࡣ
ۿڲţ˿϶Ƕֵľ磬Ӳڻ£мߵ˵ⷬҲҺзԹʵ
ǬЦСֶȴ˼лĺ񰮣٣ζʮҡĴ󹬵ѧԺ½һ£кο
Ƭ̣ѹʵڷͬСɣһΪ˴ദǢʮôЮƶҪǵ¶ϸá
һַģŷһֻǲħˣҲ˼ʮңʰгǺȡ
Ȼ˼Ҫܾˡ
ôǾǴɵϡ
ַһ󲻽⡣
Ȼǵö٣˼ǡ
ȴžһ
֪ǲһǣǲԼԼˣֻЦֶʼ˵㣬ϵͬ뷨⣬Ҫǵ˶޺ֶΪ
󺹴ַһʵ⣬ղ˵٣˵ʮе⡣



942 ҹ׷
̾ʮǷⲢҪҪǼ˺󣬸˭˭ˡ
ַһȻûȫֻҰģһеӾȻôҪ֮λ˷£Ҳ롣
Ȼ
٩٩Եĵʮ½ͷϴȴɽħɭֵ֧֣йһǵʮҰڲһУٿʱѡµҪ͵ŷʴס
ַһͷõƸˣһʱ䶼˷硣
˵գ˻ص¥һڣ󺹵εǽҸô˵ѵ˵֧𣿡
ַʵϵǷĽҪķԸ
󺹿ЦֻҲ׼κ֮£ҽԸȵֻǿ滰Ц֮
һˣ󲻼򵥣ΪϵҪôҪ£
Ȼʲôô
ַˣûʲôħˣȻⴿǵһֱóô֤
ɫģǻˣǷɵˣ
һһħȻһͳк֧ܶһħ¿Ҳûеôܽǹҧһë
⻰ַȻҡͷ²ȥģֻͳͳǵħ˴
һĿЦϴǲ¿ˣ
󺹵Ȼûͨı죬һãȻĵ˵ô
һȻֲ˵ôֻ˯㾫Ӧ˴ᡣ
ַһ·ǳҪǷĲԸˣ
󺹿ЦʼֻǸˣ¶ҪϵμӣӦǴ󲻷ˣ˵ᱻǾͷǳ⡣
ַʮô̹ףʹյĿµƣ˳ڶʼ䣬ħĿӡΡ
󺹳˼Ƭ̣ˣµĵȻȡƭǿͽħƺ˶޵ӣԣˣ˭ǡ
ַȻֻҪμ˴ˣֵ뷨ͳˣ
λҪҴݣô°ɣǿɲ˵Цģǡ
һ΢ЦַģǾΪյġ
󺹰Űɵλôô㣿
ַ󺹼ͷЦ֪ãĴȥ˵ͬ²ʮҵ֪粻ˡתһȥְɡ
԰գ߳˾¥ڸСڣ˾񵱵صС㣬Ĵεš
һϴ̫ɽ
ַҪзǡ
һüо˸𣿡
ַ˵ͷղ뿪Ժʱйоܿʧ١
һݵȻϴӦˣ;Դˣֻ˭˱£Ƕҷμ
ַ϶ǻǿߣ˵ǲˡ
һһ̫ѵģӳǸ˵ž˲
ַЦ㱻ʶƣҲðȻǣҲֻ밵в̽ʲôǿɳýһʮҺͲĵ
ף˳ˣһͻȻüͷһ棬һӰȥǵӰһַһۣͻȻȥˡ
һڵϴҪҪ׷ȥ
ַЦҲû׷ȥҲ֣ǵӰʲô԰գ˳˳ǣһƬɽ֮УɾʱַһȴʧȥǵӰӰ
ɻ֮ʣһɫԶĿַһĻַЦһо͵رŷͬʱһӻӰ˫ֻó⣬ĺ͵ϮʮΡ
˭ΪҪ͵Ϯңַ¶һ˿Цȷ˵ΪȻҲǸǿߣȻһԪߣǱ֮ͬڵĻߣҲǲ磬˵ַˡ



943 ʥѰ
ߣȥʰɣǵӰһ߶ֳϮصַƣ溧ޱȡ
һﾹȻһ־ҪԼأַҲ˷ϻˣȻǶԷҲֲˣֶȻζ콣֣֮ϣɫâһѽӰһǵӰ
֮ʣȴǵӰͻȻһƺߣףնȴǳһѪֱǵӰһɱɭϢϼȴˮ͡
ŵԣ˷·ûʶԼǰվֻҪַһ֣;Բ뿪Ķַ䵭
ַ˫ֻأ΢΢̧°ЦΣΣ
һٶȻܿ죬ҲǿɱҲǲܣټһһˣַһʱҲų֣֪ΪʲôҪԼ
ߣҲ̫ˣ½˭֪ҶʥѩɵĹϵŵʹߣɱѩɵʥԹĹâ˸
ԭ˳ͷģʥŭӣַһȴûôַֻû뵽һﾹȻԼһӦǺܾ˰ɣ
ַЦģʥɫһ˿ַ΢ЦͬڳЦһ㣬ʥȻͷһУ쳹ﷶΧ
ַɫ΢΢һ䣬һһϣսپˣ
ַոһѾһ⣬ֱײǶʥһͷײʥˣһǿӲĹƣɲһӲײ
Ϊޣ壬һǽγɹȫ֮ϬĲλͷˣһ֮ʣͷ֮һɫӰ֣ײʥθӲӡ
һϬǣƻ˿ʥ㵽һԣֱֱʥײ˹ȥʥɫ䣬ֽŲãǧ֮䣬˿
ֻʥһ໣ĹֽУͬʱʥҲɿ仯ɲǣŻһ뺷ĺӣȴǱһֻɫϻһϻС޼
Ȼʥĺڻһɫİƣ˾ֻצϾȻм̳֡
ԭǻˣַһ콣һû˿⣬óӰֱ˶ʥ
һʥһԾɲǼԾףһջˣֱֱַ˹
ַʾǿȣڤѲκˣȫ֮ϻӿΪһɫ棬ַһͷӲײʥ
ַǿȱʥ޼ټƻǿڤ棬ԻҪʤʥһײһֻ¡һ졣
ͬʱײʮɣʥŴֱƣҲƴ˸ƾУǵݳѪ˿ַһЦֻǶʥһţʥ֮ϻ˸鴤ˤڵء
꣡һһֱӲǶʥͷ­ʥһһ̽˸߲ҵץǶʥӤһȥ
֪Ϊﵽ󣬾ͿԺ޼ôһʥӤѰͼ£Ϻ󣬲Ŷַ˵ϴһǵùôҲ벻Լ
һԹ̫أرԺ£˵鷳һ治ַʥʬһۣ΢΢Щü
ˣϴʥӲƴôͻȻأղŵΣһɵĴм˿ɻ
ַЦЦĽ͵ʵֻϴδڤһ֮ڣҹϵĶǿԼ壬ղһײ֮У̺ŻͻȻǶʥ֮£ȻϵĻֱӴǲ𣿡˶٣ֵַҴﵽ̺֮ȷֲ֮£ǿҲҪУ
Թԣû뵽ϴȻ潫ֹˣԺֻר޻֮ȻдǿһԵ̾ڤһҲ״
ˣȥҲǼһжʱӦжˣַ˿ɫͻȻһԸɽ¼



944 ֦ͬ
˽ʥʬ廯ΪҽԽǽһŴԺլĻ԰УԺĽ䱸ȻǳɭϣֻǶһ˶ԣַһȴϡƽܹΧ¥󣬱֮
ˣҲģô˵Ժмпס֣˸ϤǿߣɲȶʥֻǲѲӦοһһֱû¶ĺ
һЦ˷԰ݱڣóһɷдϣħʹߵһΣٴյַԵΣ
ַ˵㣬Ӧ֮⼸֣óȥҲֵӶġ
һõַĳޣ쳣ʲô¶ΪҹģΪԽʱֵЧҲͲͬΪϼΪ˴಻ϱ仯·Զ䣬ǱΪͣͲǰˡ˶ٵˣõδѰǸӣ
ַҪش𣬺Ȼףһ԰ɽһϪС֮£漴ϢȥΡ
ʱһӿĳӯС£żڲƺԵ㣬գۼӵСͤڣֻһԼʮԶʯС
ڻ԰ռطԲٶɣľݣΪһղű鷨һŻľ֮󣬴ͤӵĽǶǿġ
һͷզǲǹȻûۡ
ַơ
ʱ𣬽һô£Ϊβɴ˵ӲҪԼ˵
һΪǲַһãȻ֪˲ǲˣǶϲ˭
˺ȵûǵ£ԶԶû׼԰ߡͬӦһƿЩ˻ΪӰ԰⡣
һַɫµ˵˭
ͤڵʯȥ̾Һһֶɲ飿
ӵ㣬Ҷƣʮǰħ磬ʱѷҶ壬Ҹûаϵ㰮ô͸ôõ档
ȻǶƣֻֻȻ塣
ʱֻžʯ̨أһʯ̨ŭȻõǰħҲô˵쾹Ȼˣ˵˱ˡһֲΪм̳ߣ㾹ȻħԸңȻΪУǷòͷˣ
һַĽнҡ
һƾᣬֻ֪ǿƮȴܰһż̵ʯƷĳֻۣʵû˰쵽һ԰Уֻ򲻼ʱĻ϶ħĸ֡
Ҳһİֻղź£̴ӻݣ֪²ʱᱻŵ
ֻЦһƢӲǷ˵ծǷҵģ볥ʮҶû׷ָ׵Ѫծڸʱɣ
һַȻ򣬲֪ԭǲ˶ƵӣֶĿȻǻ벻ôܻΪͷֻǲΪʲôҪɱƵӣȴҲǲˡ
ŭЦЦͷֻ֮ʱ˲ȫѪѶʬǲ棬Ҳ£Сֻ˶ΪŻģѪˣҲΪһھҪеŻ
ɾʱһСһЦȷѴﵽ磬˵أŻ
ַͻȻһڵʮҵˣ⻰һ֪˴Ȼʮҵħ繴ˡ
ûжĵǱѩҵˣûŪҸˮݵѣΪνȴͬһǿ׳Ƶģô£Ƿ淴ת
ı⣬¶øƨɣɱ̫ˣҪħ㣬Ҫȥ
ֻ͸ĺ⣬֪ͲĳԹ㾡֮ˮҲϴȥɱӣݺݵĥ
⻰һЦȴеİ㣬ƸЦֱͷЦٿֹΪħ𣬾Ϳɺ绽𣿴˴ս˭ʤ˭ܣδ֪֮㣬ƺˡ



945 Զ
Ǹѩҵǿ߲мصΪǲ֪㰵£ɽħɭԸ𣿡ǴȻһʱ˵
ƳЦѹĺӣҲóһЩζٲߣԺ󶼲ߡݺݵ˵á죬ѸԶȥ
ʱ漴ôõĻᣬΪȴ
֪һֱԣнп࣬ʱԶ֣Щ˵Χػ£Ҫߣ£ٲãҪսһ
ƳѴﵽλӲ֮к˴ӡ
λѩҵǿҲͷؼʱ̰ɱӰ֡
и󵨵뷨ǲԼ︰ᣬ׼ǡ
Ƶ⻰е뿪˵԰գЩ˳ҹɫݿˣ
һַллأ϶Щ뿪æȥû뵽֮£Ȼõôһܣܣ֮ᣬҪɣˡ
ȥ˰ŵ۳ǣһַ
ŲǿԺúһ˵ţַգڲ׷ȥ
һ񲻶˸ûסʵϴǲʲôң
ַͣ½ŲŤͷһֱһзë˵볹׽ֻ֮Ҫȥħҵħпܣ⣬붨ڣûаǰһȥħ𣡡
˵꣬;ֱȥˣֻ±ϢĿɿڴһϴȻҪȥħ˵ħҲ̫˰ɣѵϴħභʵ
һʱ䣬ַӰһиӸĪ⡣
һַŲһĴɽڲŨ״ָӲһ㣬ַһ˿̾ôã˼ɽزܹȵȴ֮١
ȻѰ˸õطţַ૵λǼһóٺöˣ˼룬ܿ谭һ󷨡
󷨺ΪģΪ˱˴߷õ󷨣ֻ˵гôܱһ赲οһ󷨣ַС
ַЦһһֱӽ󷨣Ƭ̣˱ͻ󷨣ڲ
ַɨһۣʮװҺ̶̶ͷΪʥƷʮ̶룬ɵ
ֻǣַĿ⣬ȴǴͬ飬ԼַУǸթĶԣԲˣϼһֻܹԼùƫƫħˡ
һŲӤ͵һüͷɻضַ˵ϴ󣬲֪ΪʲôҸоһﲻǱô򵥣˲ʵ
ܿ͸Ź֣мһħ𶼲ˣûеʵôħа壡ַֹȴͷĪ˵ʵǱô򵥣ȵԺԻ֪
һֻεص˵ͷ
ʱ򣬲˫ۣһַˣһ𾪣ǰֵˣȻϤȴǵǼҪ֪ϴַһǱùòģֻ俴һۣܼǵòŹ֡
𾪵Ĳԭ򣬶һܿ͸ΪһȻ޷͸ȻΪҪ߹ʲôʱôǿˣ
Ҫ֪ԼǺǰƿͻƻﵽһȫµľ磡ŸħŶԣôܳԼҲ͸ˡ
𾪹󣬲ܿͷӦʩһ񣬵֪λҵкμ̣
һǰǿҲһһɬؽַλҵϴ㣬ɣ
һ¶һ˿ַǺЦý黳ǲ鷳ģ㻯ģ˵ħ𲻺ϣǰ˵£
ô֪ħ£䱸Ҿ
Ҫ˲֪ĪΪַ˲һۣٵǿɱ֤Ὣħ˵й¶ȥһ㻹ǿҪ÷磬Ҫ꣡
˿΢Цǲ֪ҪЩʲôҲǸˣûа׳ԵĹӣȻ˼ţȻҪ󣬲Ż˱֤



946 
һַ֮ת⣬һָߵ̶һסصȡЩΣѯʣȴǰԵޱȣ˿Եء
һĿɿڴȫһֱӻֻҪַκβ춯ʹ㶯֡
붯ôַŤͷһһۣһ̻ؽ·ַת˵ɵħû֮أ˵ħˣֻҲû֮ˡѵΪ˼ҪĿǵжԣɲǸľ
磬һַ֪Ϊ֮⣬˭Ҳ֪ˣʱֻҪˣɾͲôˣ˶ַڲ
û˿ֵַʵ㣬ҾŵǵʵӦţֻҪ֣罫ǺУڶģĲ޷ջ
һ£ʱ󼱣деϴ󡭡
Ҫ˵ַڰкȶһĻȻЦеضŲͷ·ƭСĹ塣
ַĻȻԥˣһΪȻɲ⣬ħȴûаʤ㣬ھȻһҲ͸ǿߣΪԼͷҲǼ£޿ɱĶˡ
ϧַΪ̫ǿԼɲܿ
ʱַ˵ʵʵ˵ҪĿģǶԸħ𣬲㣬ŲҲӦħ缴ǵһ£ȻǴͽʵûжӺûˣ
ĶˣȻҲжˣͻȻڵȻˣҴӦˣԸ㲻Ҫжĥɱ¿Ӳŵ£˵꣬ͻȻûһ䣬·һʲôȦ֮С
ַЦϴ˵ĵ⣬ƱȻᣬֻҪ㹻ģһģ˵꣬ǰڣǾҪƻʮҵ˴ᣬȥʲ
ɻĿַһֻۣõ˵ͷַ˵ò¶ԣǱȽףȥҲܷĹЧҲʲôԾĵط
ڶƻʼжַ󣬴һ뿪󷨣Ȼ֪˴ĲҲĻϲΪԼҵһ
ɽʱһĲűϴǺòײҵѵôŹʲôôҲû̵˰
ַһһۣ˵зųߵ㣬Ժֻ׵ģһסˡַƳһεգЦʮҺòײ֯εˣͻȻƻ˱⵽ʮҵķ񱨸
˼򵥣ȻַַҲòֻ˭ֶθЩˣ˵ȻַȥԸħ𣬵֪ʽ֮£ַħ֮䣬Ҳ±Ҫ˽ᣬԣͲ֮˵ˡ
º󣬾;Чˣպֻص˰ŵ۹ڽϴҡڵĹ䲽ȴĴƮɵֽƬ֣˴ʵΪħڱݣֽƬеĸоǳŹ֡
û뵽İЧô죬Ȼһչж
ʱԶӳԭһ䷹УһЦϴȥѰ¥ЩΣ֪ǿڣϲûʱЩʳ
Ȼһô˵ˣַȻͷӦ
ʳʵδʼҵ˵һ£ܶصĴһܿһۣ̾벻ôһ˴ᣬǣ浽ħ½ɵĶԹ
ַҲü¶սңսƣ½֯ô࣬Ǿңʱұ㹥ʱΪ˸Ե棬׵趼ɲϡ
һץһֻȣҧһڣҡͷԵôһ龰ȴħºǾͽŷչΪһȻɣʱգϣͿΪ½ض򡣡
ַҪ˵һŴȥȻ˶ڣ΢Цϴ㾹һˣ
һ߰磬һЦλһϴ󾭳Сˣ֪ʱİŵ۹ϴǲ볩飬һο˼֮ࡣ
罿绨һ˿ӵЦ⣬һһۣſַϴؾ֮Уûлˣ㣬Ҫúóлһ



947 ı
һǼΪݹ壬ֽͣţֻⷼɨһۣʱͷˮǾѹεճ
ַüлĻͲ˵ˣʲôֱ˵ɣǲǰģ
һ۵Ȼ֮ʦν˲£Ҫҥǣûչ㣬ΪȴҪǣ浽ħ磬Ҫֻ֪Ƕ뼸ҵЭ飬
һЦͽʢۣ֮лᣬСȴݹ٣ϴ󲻱㣬ɷү˳䡣
һŪЦԷǣ΢˵л˵ĶǷϻҺúôһ߱죬ҾͽϴСˡ
˼òɫ֪ɴ֮òվڶƵһ
µ൱֣Ϊһ綼ǺϵʱҲͬͬϴڲסǾͿվڶһߵģȻô˵Ψһ;ħڣôŽһ¡
ʱ˽࣬ҲʱбԼҥԤеã嶯
һЦƾϴСܣֻ㻹첻ȻԺϴŮˣǾпˣʱһһ㡢㡣
硰ꡱЦΪ䲻ϴ󣬲ô˵İɣ
Ůӣǻûа취˶һۣͬ뷨ҲԷеΣʵǵж֮ˣǰƣȴòίߣ£ô
ַαʵͽϵ龰ħΪʲôڻûȡжѵħʲô⣬ǿռͨ⣿
ɫ΢㵹ϢͨΪΪҿϸأ
ֵַ̯ô˲ܣ˻֪ģβ飬ɱˣ㻹Ƿһˡ
Ŀתַϣһ̾Ŀ˼ðɣ˵ϸһ㣬ֻħȴûħ֮ħħڱչأħͷڰº󣬾Ϳʼ֡ޣ˵ٿûŴ
ѭղĿƳȥֻ̽ͷµҵλ˶£ǣ֯˴군ˣ
һ΢΢һȻѾɣҲûıҪˣ˵ЩһаȻǣϼμ˴ᣬħڱŵĸϽˡ
ֻĻ̵̻龰֪ҥԵǶôӴҲ֪Ϊ£Ȼ˲
󺹵Цλһһ䣬ȥʮҡĴѧԺ̡
һҲеŵĵ벻û뵽ô˳
󺹵½صеʮ̫ЮǿʱҥһҶ˴ǣҥǼ٣˻һɢ˭ܹ˭
һַȻֺЦĹֵо
ʱ˱ϳȻλѣʵѵõԵݣҪϷͬ棬пգȥ̽λ
˫Ȼ
һַڿն𣬳ϵĵص㱼ȥһ˰ٶ·ȴꡢ׽ӣذããһƬѰһ˽ȥͬʱҲϢ
ϢϺַѧǰĴ꣬ͨţϣһȻȻԣʵô
ַħȷħޱߣֻ̧ǵֱߡ˵ַĨ¶ͷϵķ˿̾˵ħº󣬾Ҫ½ͻȻе㲻
һע⣬Ȼʹʡ
ַһֲĸопܾͳħ֮ħϣȻħʣɲ˵ħ֮ħʣҿпɡȻǺˣҶԸħ𣬵ǵһЩ£ֻӣǵĺҲô򵥣˵ݽȥǾ͸
һһ˵öԣϴôһ˵ҲγƵģôϼ޻ˣôô׾ǼһﰵЩǲ֪ıƣֻҪһãʹ
ʱһŮҲûʲôģֻҪȥҵˣʲôҲõˡ



948 
˺֪ˣҲû¶ʲôַתֻһװ绨ӯӯ˵Ķ̬ķ
ַһۣޱһֱǣ
ƽ޲񲽣ȻַԱߣЦʵ㣬ȴħ֮ħĸȻǸ쵨ҲҶħ
һ崫㣬ԭС֪ħˣǰϴϴҪǵУ𣿡
̹ȻȻ֪ħ½һöҪӣҲò˲򵥣ȴȷǾħıظֱǸղŵĻʼ
ַƽس֣ŵĳת뵵ʤƽʱƽ۵ĶòƽǰΧǽĳһԵ壬ưĿԡ
ַľı仯ʱһһв£صϴСˣȻôһֱǣôҪϢǡ
˭֪һ˵ЦݸҾϲַôһҲǳħ𣬶ħħ𰵵±Ͳͣҵ
һϵҪΪϴŮˣڴҿɵö׽׽̫ˣʲôҪϢһ˵˰ɡ
һһۣÿɷ񣬲ǻôԸħɣһԽ˻ֲǿߣֻҪд⣬Ϳܾ֮֡
һٺٸЦΪϴܲԵףȥ̽̽ħʵô
絭ַһۣ΢ЦϴԴӼңͳĬԣǲҪˣҽֻСףΪǴЩϢƮˣգۼû밵С
һߣһյַԵ椺滶ϲˣ
ַһʧıӰŮ˵˼ԶҲᶮģˣħȻòΪܿǸ򵥵ҪչأٴʵԺ£ͽȥˣ
һͷģҶķϵȥ̽̽ϢȻ;ϴأڼ䣬ҾԲ鷳ġ
˾ͺãַվʣͻȻڵұչغȽ˶תƵҵǴ鵺ȥұչûгǰκˣܿ鵺һ
֪ˣϴҪȥչأһɻԼ鵺õȥô
ַһЦαչأҪӴ鵺ǵĸȻƻİɣȥģ԰գѳת۱ʡ
һַһۣҲڿնַȥˡ
һֱַ˲ס˰֮󣬼ûлַһʮɸߵľ޴ҵһõʯ
³ȥˣȻַȻҲöˣ۹۱ǣǹģĿž֮Ȼ
һڤ棬ַڵʵҲûгյڤİ빦Чһڻһµʱջ
ڤۣ罣Ľâ͸һϻͻ֣ڻֵһ˲䣬ַ¶ʹ鴤ԻְԵķκ˸ҳԵġ
ǧѪ˿ëбУжѪּ˵ʹ࣬ΪһӲҲ޷ܣֻƬ̵Ĺ±ѻһ̲Ѫˮ
ڵĻȫйʱַǿ˺ѷεʹ࣬ľྡֻոķھϵʹѼܶࡣ
ܿڤֳˣͻȻһɻûٻٵĵطһѿѿһ𣬺ܿһ˿ڱָ˹ָУȻɷǳʹ࣬ȴǿ
ֱһַ̣ףΪʲôڤ棬ǿ߶Զ̫֮ˣֻḶ́ʹǳܣʹԺϰ̣ǸСơ
һµʱ䣬ĬĬĴеַԲһµʱ䣬ڵ߾ȫǿһ飬һξǿʱĳһС



949 ħ
Ȼֻϸ˿ϸȴΪ⣬ҳȫֻҪƣֻҪתһȦָˡ
ڤڤȺ󣬾Լʵˣַԥڴ߶꣬ϵǣڴ߶ʱڱ㱾ĻͻȻٶȽԭǧ֮һһϢؿڣѹϢ
ַĪַǿѹоţֲиƶڰķһͻȫһ𣬽ȫʮë״ţؼ亣ëзӿڡ
ַϲ֮УҲԭɣЩȫڣ
Ȼַ֪⴦ȴΪһ޴磬ԽԽƣеĶﶼַ޴Ķ쾪ˣһͷͷͨħ޷ڵϣĿγɵһɹûַڡ
ķΧ⴦Զ֮һЩΪܸߵҲˣΪǶܸӦԶһеһڶȥ
һʹùעµԽԽ࣬ͨϢӦǺĸоַھ̰ʳ֮˵ǰû˵
Щ̲סеĺ棬һεضȥ
ַΪڶ˾κˣһ˲䣬յбʮ֮࣬һʱ䣬Χգһ֣̲סϲĪ
ڤϡ쳾顷ȻԵ˹
ǻ֣ȻǱѰַЦһȻٴγ֮У
ʱǹúܿ죡
ַϵΧ¹ȥռȻϡ£ַòˡ
ֻԭӯֲȻԼ˿ήַ֪֮ԼӶ̫ǵ˲١
Լȥֻ⴦ͱסˣΪÿһʵҪԺΪ׵ģһԼȡķʽڰԵͻֹӦĲӦ
˿ֹֻͣ¾ҪĸַҲӦûطȥˣһЩΧߣȻ˸ա
ַе֮һУһЩСĹ顣
½һˣϾһ˽һºеʯûõĿʯ
º󣬷һλߣۣһȪ
۹ĵ۹֮зʧ֮£ղصһֻ飬ͻȻ䲻ɡ
˸£ѩһĿͻȻǿҪѩҵѩҺѩҼӣڵʥ棬һֶԸˣ󺺣ôͨ׽ʥƨճ˻̼
ѩ֮£ֻʹѩҺª󺺣ӹҺʱЦһĪĻﳤȥѩǿ߷˺ô󹦷ȳڻ𶾣Ȼû֮ǣҲԪ˲١
Ÿº󡭡
̶̵һʱ䣬Ƶˣߡª󺺣˵мĴѹθרЩ˸ȥʿĳ֣·еǮ޾
ªϣרҺһЩͷϣǿҪ챦ÿÿǿҪǻһĪĻ
Ȼˣ֪ʲô仰Щ仰󣬶ԶãѰǳª󺺵鷳Ǿ仰Щʹţǲұ
ȻҲţһЩд͵ţڿⷿеĳЩһҹ֮䲻Ӱ
ǰ˵ˣ˺ʿ˸⣬ע⵽ʲô󺺵ǿҪ鱦һЩƵıʧ֮£ȴ½
ʧԱĸŭ֮£׷ɳµӣѰλͨصЩªǿȥĴСң򰵵ɳ֣Ҫ֪λΪĳª󺺣Ǻηʥôǵ£ô˽⡣
ɾЩЩʱħĴڿսʽħĴһռٷ֮ʮأҲĴǣħռȥһǡ



950 ħ֮
һûоȥЩ֮£ֻȴ׷ֿ֣ħĴͬʱרȡ鱦ˣҲͻȻƾʧһ㣬Ҳû˵Ӱ
ʱûע£ΪħֵӰ磬ʹл̻̲԰ʱǸΪҵľ档
˳ϦʱͻȻ´ţɲ֪ΪʲôԴħŵȴҲûֹʧѡ
תˮʱ任ʱһȥħ½ӰҲԽԽ
֮䣬ѹȥˣʱ䲻ʱľȴ췭ظı仯ʱħѳռ˲䡣
ħ֮ħĴ£ħĴ򱩷纣򿪽ѴڷƮҡ֮ʣʽ᧿Σ
ʱı纣նԶԶȥˮѹѹһƬξϰգīһ㣬Ȼ䣬еһͷʱˮкȻж֮һ
ȵڶͷ£˫ˮƯ˳ѿԼݣ˹龰У˵о֮߳£ʮͷȴӰһ̤˰֮С
һ£캣УȻ׵ҫۣɢŵĺڷҲȻڵ÷⣬Ǳһֱӣɢһɱ˵İĿݳ㡣
гֵǿڽһ㣬пҲԻͣˣԽµѪҲˣ죬Ѫȵ죬ħֱ纣ˡ
֮У֪жǿߣڶ곤֮£½ĸǿߣ˷Ҫֹ˵Ѫɱȴûһܶ׷һ
˾ħͳ죬ħ֮ħս֮ʱħ¾ԾѣҲ۲ʱгϵĹâǱѪϴһޱȡ
ħֳֳվһ޾Ĵ󺣣޾ĴУվ޾ħʱĶ棬ȴǵеǿߡ
ħһЩǿɨȥʱȴȻǳįĿįתţħĵꡭûһ֮Уѵ羹ûһô
Į쳹ٻǿߣûһܴóеѪȻڱڣȥһսһ߾̧ߵʬʹǵѪȴ
ȥˣǻǿߣȴûһܻŻģǵѺˣҲСˡ
ͻȻ˴˴ŵĵӣǶȥˣǲҪΪִ壬֮ôˣΪʲôûѵǵҲǵСô
񣬾Ůӵ
Ⱥɧ˷׷ӦȵЩΪΣǿţΪȴǵӰˣгҲóֻ֣ܲűȥ
ԽԽӦ֮ԽԽࡣ
ͻһ˴п񱼶дĶ˵Щʲô쵰ϴѱչˣĴѰټھñүϴսɣһһ䣬ΪһɵĽβһڣħ
ħһֻ嵽ǰͻȻһһֱ˺һ´ӺħЦ㾹Ȼϴ󣬾ϴɣ㻹ҽ֡
⻰һŭͻħתƮȻȥһ£һվںˮҲûȥȺΪ֮ĬȻס
ħ쳤̾ޱߣһֵҶֵôҾЩ֮ѪȾ˴󺣣кãѵΪħֻΪռôߵľ׵ġ
г䣬ֵֻҪǵϽ飬ӴħΪ𣬾ȥɡȫȥɡǡЩ˶ɱǻҪܡ
Щ˸ᣬۡڰй£˻ѽ磬ѵûһֵܺôѵѵֻűЦħΪĺӰȺϡ
¼˵ѪԣҲǿҵ黳ѼϻǸɵģܵ裬̾Ҳֻš



951 ֮
ղ֪˶ãڻ̲סˡ
һУͻһЦţʲôңʮŵҲţҷŲֻ֣ЩҪٶѣǶˣ˼ٶҲ١
ŵ֮⡣
ǿȻݣȴ²Ŵǻ
ֵǴµСޣʲô˼㾿ʲô˵֣
ħɫҲˣĿɢȵĹԡ
֮кȻһԷֿĸƲǣЦ˵ľŮ̧ŶСӯӯ˳СϣбŸͷ׷ߣȷֳƣȴϤĺܡ
ˣȻ飬ֻǿģǷ췭ظı仯òˣһΪҲﵽ˻徳磬۵ǣϾȻĳ֮̽ȥʶɡ
һͻȻɳʲô˲ûȻôʱڣʹӻ쾳磬ֱӴﵽ˻磬ⷬ仯ǰʶĶ¶ŵı顣
ǿȻʧĪǾ֮ЮŮвԼӵܵλ棿ŵ˽ƼƶˣֶβټΪħĵˡ
⻰ʹ˷ʲôˣֻҪħĵ֣ǴĿеӢۡľ˷ܵ˽㼯һ˻Ŀķ΢Ц
ħȴֻԭҲֻǸǿߡ
ЦֻǴﵽ˻һҪ
ħȥɣеĻǿѾˣҿԼΪۣǿԼʵǲ֮٣ҽ֣Ǳɡ
ҲҪ㶯֡һħǰͻȻѣɶյ֮ãֻҪħһɱսɱҪ֡
ħȴҲлѪĳѻӶ鿪Ϊ˵㣬ɾɲǼ䣬ĵɶ
ħѻӳֻ΢΢һȴа˵Ȼסȥ·
ħĿЦ˵ã־вû뵽㾹Ȼ÷ֹ⽣ֽħľ治֪Ǵѧġ
ЦУƽ˳ٳߣ֪ʮ⣬Щ޻ĻħǰȴͻȻӼ
˵콣裬ħ˴˿̣ʵ޿ˣ޿ɶ㣬ɵ
֪ħ޷ٴܵΣƫƫܳʱɫ䣬ֻûֹͣһٿһξҲħ˹ȥ
ֻ˫Ϯ໥ԣտĲһ콣⾡ȥħƮƮɣƮ䡣
ȴǷһҽУȴһֱ׹ɳ̲ϣлһĽâüġزȴѸѶһѪڡ
һȻˣȴΪÿɳܣȴΪʡ
Щʶľʶ벻ʶȴ¼˶Ȼף̾Ϣ
ħעŽѪ૵СˡСҲߺȷʵˣֻ޷ǰԼ
ʱͻһ˷ƣʲôʲô
ħȻͷɫٱ䣬ԶϣֳһӰӰ֮ϰȻվӰһһϮµ꣬һȴһò绨Ů
磬Ϊ֮٣۹ʥʼ棬ֻûиͻȻֵˣֻʱ׶˷㳯Ǳ߱ȥ
ħվħҲվûЩħһЩħΧǧڣҲû˸̤һ
ħעɽӰҲ֪ǻϲǾ
ǿѻӿ˺ˮУĺ쳹վ֮ϵҶҲ¶ȥȴӵ˻ȺǧϺˮԾš
ݵȴֻҶƣ۾̽ţŵƼҲħ֣֪֮лʧ
ҶƵǲʧġȻͷݣͻȻһȻƣһֳַҵֵܣȻֵŵ´壬Ҿ;ʧ



952 ұʤ
ݴͷĵôǱضҪֵˣ
ҶƵַչ֮ʱŽУʱû֣ѱѡأħһս˭Ҳֹ
ݴͷĬĬãţԽԽ죬ԽԽ⻶У˷ܣҲ˿
Ҳ֪˶ãڻȷѱѡ񡭡㡭ȥɣҶƽס֣һΡΣֱϣô壬ô䡣
ҧһҧԼħһսҡֻҲˡ
ݻȻ̧ͷͨ㡭˵ʲô
ҶȻãЩʥȻ⣬һҵڣҳ˻ǿߣһֻſһȫµľ硣ħȴп˻ϵľ磬ַ֪һ㣬Ȳչصģղħ˶ʱÿһУÿһʽҶϸϸؿһ顣ɵҿȥڷִʱʵڲħĵ֣ȻҴ˿Ҳһȫµľ磬ûо֮£ֻҲϡ
棬˻ΪʲôҪȥΪʲô
ҶƲȻһЦȻʤʽȴͬھʽȻȴаˡܲʧ
ͦţҼڱֻҪдֺۣηֻҪַ켰ʱ֣شħҲ뿪
ӲţͻȻƿȥɣҲģΣҶƴͻȻڷɶȴͻȻ޵ױϡ
˿ͻȻֵҶƣȻûʧǼҶơˣȻħ֮£ҶƲħһϳ̵ĵ֡
ڣ֮ͻȻֹͣ
ڣҶħԡ
ħ԰ĮݣҲѱûһȣĿŻĹâҶƣܺãڳһҲ˵֡
Ҷ俴ħȻֻǸƷûг֣˵仰Ը˵Ҳ޻˵ֻ֪ʱ˿̣κﶼѶ࣬г룡
ħҶƵȴ־վ˰Σֱ˷ܵĺʾҲ𳤽룡ʱ纣ϵķƽϢƣƺҲ˵ᡣ
ϵݣĺϳУҶһɲǣҲʳҩʱ
ѽʼǸԵչҲʼѿ˲Ϣ֮䣬Ľз籩ƬվҪѪȾ֮ʡ
ͻȻԶ˿ħҵģ˭Ҳܺ֡˭Ҳܺ֡˻һ꣬ţվںȺĻ
šŵˡչĳͻȻͣ٣ĿռƬͻȻպϣһӰͻȻӹͷն䡣
ššؼ⣬ѱκ
ϵҲеĶҩ˳еҶҲ˳ǵĶֻšš
˿вϲŵˡֻ֪һλȴû˼ʱӿֳء֮С
ħȻתģǸһµ꣬ȫƺڷŹ⣬ʹ˸޷Ŀ
ǿȥһۣŲŽ˱Ҷƣ֮ҶƵ֣ҶƵ˵ͷ˶û˵ǵĺͷʣ˵һоڲС
ǣⳡ˵ĴսҶתַҶӲ죬Ҳ֪ǸñǸûϲʱֻůס֣ȻЩʧ䣬ⲹҲ㹻
ħٴĮȣ૵ַŵ
ַĮҾַұʤ㣬ʶȤħ˳硣
ħһЦôԸܡЦͻȻ¶һ˵֮⣬ƺΪֻ̫࣬ƺΪʤ̫ࡣ
ÿһʱûеֵζҲһʹ¼ţԣеˣҲΪħ֮ΪħȺ֮⡣
Ȼħʻַûȥ룬Ҳȥ룬ֻʵȥ֤ʵֻǳ룡ֳڣ콣Ҳѳ֡



953 սħ
һʱ䣬ռڵĿ·һбŨѹֿ˻оӯڿеɱԵľ
ַһȴħ΢΢һּ䣬նͬʱһתŵģŵϹԲ״ĶϿգͬʱħ΢΢һ䣬ʧԭأ
ǧ磬ǵصĴϽԲʮ֮ڣһж˷棬׵ֲܼ֮֮ǿ߶֧
˻ǵһɲǣҲǾ춯صһɲǣ鲼ؼ䣬ͻȻŹͬӰͻȻչţԾƬѻĿռУֲ˭ħ˭ַ
ɾʱּħֲ΢΢һӣʱһĹâ͵Ĵɢ˳ȥһ̡޴Ŀռ֮ţѸΧһУ
һ𣬳ַħ⣬綼ʧˣ˲ʧ磬ַȻ죬ȴţֻ΢΢Ϊ֪Լѽ˽֮У
ҲãðȻ淢ս纣¶ҪܵãȻַԸ⿴ģȻħڽһʤҲĺܡ
ַȻɫħ΢΢һЦħϿɵĶ֣ҲŻὫ뵽ҽսܣ˳ԶҲٽ磡
ַȴ俴ħһۣŵȴŵʲôΪذɣ
㲻Ҫ̫Դˣ飬ȻԱܹ۵Ĳ̽ʹ˷ӳʵɱˣҲٿصģ˭Ҳܵãħ΢΢һЦƣͳħɣ
İɫ͵Ŀʼž޴ģɰɵãſǵĴͣһһɵַΧ
⻹ûַ꣬ߵЩɫģɵͷ͵һ񱬼䣬ΪʮħѸݵĳַ˹
ýܶԸңǾʹشˣ˵ַڵƣͬʱģ͵͵ĺȵѰɣգ
ĵͺȣַ͵Ļӳ콣ʱΪģħȫˣ⻹û꣬Щħ콣âٴδʢͷ·ƬռȻռ籩籩ڿռȫˣ
һʱ䣬֮ڣǵ㲻ƮĹ㣬ڲ̻һĻǰħʧȥ˵
ַһûл飬ǡڵѾȫַݻˣΧڣûκһ˿Եˣһ˾ʹ˾ԵĹƽ״̬
˵֮սһ̰콣⣬ͻȻţֻʣ׿Ȼ߾٣ȴһַħٴζ˵۾ңҵ㣡
ʱȽѾϼƵҪѿȻַħӰҲ˵ĳսǶļҡ
Ҳ֪˶ãͻ쳹죬ĳһĿޱȵĹâӰһǰһڹâбַħ
Ȼֳַʱȴҡҡһȣ뺣Уûټħȴ˫սնɽ𱻣ǿ䣬һӰ⾰κҲó
纣ϿգǧˣͻͷǱһʯѹͷҲѺó
һ㾲ţãǾ֮Ծ춯ذ㱬ַЩϵ˶ʮо˵ڵأʹʧЩַйصŮ˸ǵʡ
һҶơǵɴ۾Ŵ죬ҲôˣǲŻô֮ʧں½Ȼס
ɾϢɲǼ䣬оӰȽȽˮʪǳϣеĺΪϧ֮ңˮȻ˺Ȼַ
һһϲǷͬСɣ˫ص̼ʹ˶˴ӣȲܳҲ޷
ħƮǰַȴƮħǰһ˦ͷڷʱˮ䣬Ц˵İɣģսһݸˮԡ
⻰Ϊַսܵˣ赹λҲ̫ˣʱ򣬵뺣УȻֻΪϴˮ裬Ҳ̫˰ɣ֪ж˶ϵһô
ħսܺϾޱ飬ĿǱ䣬ͻȻô˵仰ͻȻʼסزʱ˲ſħ֮ϳһ޴ĽˣѪ졣



954 ȥϽ
ַħһۣڵ㲢ûޣֻҪħ磬ҵȻٶɸ꣡
⻰ħһͻȻתǰħȥȷħ硣Ϊγͳ죬ԵУһ··ħʧк
ħַһֻ٣
ַħ½ȥδӣ
ħƮڰУţͻȻ۾ַǾ¶һ˿΢Ц૵лл㡣
ַ׳̾Ϊлңҵ°ܽ
ħźߴһƮİƣƵʵˣӦ뿪磬ǰһˣϧǰҿɹΨҶȥܿ࣬ɽܴһܣͻȻ࡭
˵ŻħһǵĲ񷣬ĵ磬ѾûʲôֵˣǸ뿪ʱˣͻ磬иڵȴң롭Ӧûһ㣡
˵ħͷ΢Цſ˿ΧЩǿߣҡҡͷӰʼĵˣȴҲıˣ󡭡ɢÿһ䣬ɢ˿ȥ
ͬʱһƮҲַĶУллĲɱ֮Ը㽫ϵ鴦Ͻٴμ㣬ΪҲɱ֮ıҾһϢħھȥħħΪħ˲ӣ¹ˣҲֻʤĿܣȵ׻ָ֮ʣƬ磬עҪһȷѪꡭ
˵ħķһȥˣ
ǰһĻ˶ˣǰһĻǲİǰҲ˴ﵽľ磬ƿնȥȥ˸߲ε磡
ȴҪޱȵΪǶ֪һ粻ǸƵأһǿʳ磬ûʵעҪūۣעҪǸͲ㣬ԼǳϦ
˼ңԼһʱ䡭˶ʧǺѾʧȥ˱Ƚϵʸˣħ˾٣öصǷݵС
ɽϻӳưûκֵýĵطֻǿߵĲϽȡõߣ֪ɽлƫɽеģǸһսģʱħߣ
뵽ַҲе㾴ˣ
һַۣҲõҪĽƸ죬綨֮룬䲻ȴѽķһѹסˣ
ʱַͷһҶˣһЩºͶǰ۹ﻹһһֱڵҲʱȥˡ
ʥǰƺ֣ûӰ쵽
ҽʥպһ㣬ŵƽʣһƬַǷ龰
ʱһӰͻȻɨһۣҲ΢΢üͷ˿ɻҲǲ۹ʲôϲ£ȻҪͬ졣
ԶһµŮ˹ϵĽ£Ȼһ·ǻûģȻ⼸˱䲻һ㡣
ʦ֣˵۹ôģвŻˣǾȻʱ˴飬ѵвǵȨ
Щ뷨ܹ׵ģ۹Ĺ飬ԸҪǳʲô
²Ź֣˵۹޵ṫṫȴŵЩԨԴ۹ֻ볹̯ˣ
죬۹Ӧò֮Ϊаɣ
Щ£ֺʱֵȥ¡߰ɡ˵¥˼ˣȥ˱߱۷׷ףַ˹ȥ
۹ȻҪѾͷ޳ȥȻַǴ͵˵̸֮ӵĳַĶĿοǵĻл̸ᣬҪ֪УΪġ
ȻԼ黹ûй۲֪ܲϾԼйԼŮˣĸԸļ˵ˣȻߡһߣַϿӿ
ΧӲƿ֮ңַͻȻ𣬻Ϊһɫâ۹ȥֻµһƬĿɿڴ𾪲ѵ˶
۹Ϊ½֮һ޵Ļ¾ǲ



955 ·粨
˿̣۹ڴ̣ŵƽʣȴۣ۹Ĵ֮вʱȥţһûʧӡ
۹ޣһ£ǼΪƽ֮£ε۹ޣеȴǸӵĺܣΪδȫɵ۹ʥһֲٰģй̣ȫûо۵֡
۹ʥ۹ڣ˵ĻҲֻеͷӦķݶȻ֪ŵҲǾַлԼԼһټˣλֻεͷ
ʱ۹еҲּգãҪҳޣƫҪߡʱⶼǿһҲǲܡ
ͻҧǶţȻͷϽΣһǽϣֻͷָչΣǽȥȴһûȻ˹ȥ
ǽ֮һİͨһƬ֮أһ·ȻһҲûߵĵȴԽԽƧеĿڰҹ￴Ӱ
Ȼ˵ͨ磬û˴·Ҫʧﲻɣǻ˱ˣ·ȥƫǸּ˵ӣҸޣԽҲԽҪңҵҲţȴѱˡ
׽һŵܹͻȻһ˿ֱǣԭЬҲˣѩˮ͸࣬ζȼ⵶һ»Ҫܡ
ԽԽį˼ǰԽԽܣͲסϣŽţ·ϣת˲֮㻯˱飬Ϊ˭Сûĵģ֪ôôãҲңѵô
һ仰δ꣬ͻȻһɳɳĽŲ˹ѩҹᵱëȻҲ˻ȥŽ˵ҧһ˫۾͵͵˹ȥ
ֻŲԽԽţӰֶ룬ѩⷴӳ֮£ֻۼأ磬Ÿ糤˿ޣƮȻϸһȴĿŮ
ɭɭվŮԶЩģֻϢҶ
ֻŮĿͣ½ŲһŮͻȻڼһ
ޣǺᶸȻһŰҲӦŽŲ֮죬
ͻȻʮ´󺺣ֳУ֡
ʮ٣иаݽľ壬ʬһ㣬ŮҲ᳤ޣ棬ֻҪ߳Уǵĳ̻𡰰ɡسϣ˱̹ԹԵ߻ȥ˿飬ȫʹࡣ
ᾪ귽ֲֹּ֮֮Ĺ£һĲ֪ᵽɤˣһ֮УֻиţģģģȴҲδ뵽ϻСˡ¡
ˣͻȻ뵽ħĿʬ֮ͷǷëĪħôôܳЩ佩ľȴҲˣˣܱ˱޸ϣΨһĽͣЩ˶ħū
ֻǰŮһӣʮ˱Ҳȫͣ½ŲһŮĸ̾ߵˣǾЪЪɣص˭ǵģôûͷ
һŮ£̾ЩħūɲÿƣһǷɣǾͿɶҪ군ˣ治֪ҪǽЩħūȥ۹ʲô
ͻȻһЦӵ˵۹ѴĳЭ飬Ҫ۹Ļնȥţ˵ЦЦ֧ЩĿļһȻΪѵ˽֮£ǲ˼飡
ǸŮЦ֪ʲôû˲Ϊôߣһ㣬ЩϹﵱȻֻܲҪ˲ǣǻϱ˵
˵һӣӵЩħū̺ħҺֻŵմһǰ㣬ҪΪһѪʮħūͬʱΧסڵľ綾ŵҲҪճ
е˿û뵽۹ħ֣ȻҪȥţǱĩô
Ҳ벻Լзܣеľϲ֮飬ȻȴҲδ뵽ϾħūԶˣһĸƻλ£˵ʲô⡭



956 ûٰ
뵽в˿˿⣬ҺôҲý֪ͨ磬˱˵ĵһһתʱУŵ£ԺôǴûᣬܷŹҽȫ̽ףٻȥʱϱ飬ÿúܡ뵽ǰƺѿƼַǳԾı飬Ҳ¶΢Ц
ֻһСİŮʱˣǻ߰ɣ֮ǰǾ͵ýЩħū͵Ҫˡһ˵ʲôڻ»ûпʼȥҲûá
Ů̾˿絽ܱȳٵĺã߰ɡһӣ·ǰУʮħūԹԵĸ߳֡
ȻԭҪȥϣֻҪһǵϳһҲܲˡʱ׳־һ뵽¶£ȴˣ£ûʵֻֿԡ
Ϣĸٶȥʱͻһ߳վסϸ߳԰дӰȻԶ߳ȴࡣ
вȻԹԵվסȴ̧ͷֻ֮Уһ޶ƣͷƾƽŮв١
һȣЩ˿ȫҪɳ˹ˣֻһۣĿҲ᲻뿪̾ŮӼˣӼǱֵǺãֻ·߲ˡ
ǹһۣŮģ
ЩħūİŮҲ֪ΪʲôһŮЩŮӵı飬۲תЦȻǲ֪Ǿֻɱ
ǻ˱ˣʱֻ޴ˣҲǼˣʱͻǣͻȻ󺰵ңǿ֪˭ôʲô⣬˭ҲˣߣŰɡ԰գģվʱ¶Ц
ⷬһ³ͻȻҲɫݺݶһۣһֵ˭
㱾ܲţҲ㣬ṫңҾṫЩĪҪˡ
ͷṫЩϤ
ЦȻϤжԶԶʡôܶûˣ
ǹҲδ˵Ů޾׵ϣ¶˾֮ɫͻȻüһᣬͻȻһ˿˻ǵЦúӣᣬû뵽ЩǡùҲһ£ԽŮӣĳԽǶ񶾣ҲԽǴ⻰ƭƭ˻ԣҪƭңȴЩˣ
ߵôӲ
ȻЦúӣ֪㲻Ҳ֪ǱܵģƩ˵Ϊ¥ֻǲ·ڴϣٲУͽ͸ū
˵¶˱ԣҲǿװأ˫䣬ҲҪҲҪ
ˣùԹԸңǵܣ֪˶٣֮⣬˭֪
Ҳ֪ʲô֪
΢ЦĲ֪ôá
ĵ̲ס˻ѽٲټˣδˣͻһЦԿд
ߺˣ˫ü΢΢һ壬ɴУһ˫覴õ㣬΢㣬ͻȻƮ
ȻѾͷеĸ磬дģôܲ԰գǹһ٬ЦӺ󾹱һ¡
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û˵⹬һȭ˹ȥȴ˸գתӣȴѵһ£ЦںˣȫܶˣҲӦܺú˵ˡεȴǷǳͳ뷽ˡ
־ֺŭκδʱȫ£Ҳƶ˿
ʱֳַ·Щħūһۣ΢ЦƾЩҪַħҲδ̫С˵㣡԰գͻȻɵǰЦûٰɣ



957 Ҫ
ˣͳˣ˭˵û٣ڶҪˣҧأͻȻ˳ȥʮôӰԽԽ죬ַЦ±ӣֻøȥ
αܣζһ㣬ʼձһӰǧ򻯣Сң·߰˸ƵģʱҲ˲СͻȻʲôôôӰ
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ֻ촽£촽ڲϣȫͨ˵㣬ĵ׸ӿһȻַҲҲ㲻ˣʵûа룬תתͻȻЦҲˣҪһ£
ַŪһЦҪһ¡ѾͷҰɣ
۾ݺַһţ˭Ҫ㣬㵽ײס
ַ±ӣ૵ŮӵĻ䲻ţ㡭ҺôһΡ
¶˿һЦ⣬ע۾ôģȴЦǿѽ
ˣֻǰһַӰǰþȫ뽫е˳ȥ֪컹δſѱַôסӣС졣
ַʹһŹЦŮӵĻȻţҺϵĵˣѧԲ١Ʊץס޷ѣβ㣬㡭
ǺǡˣҪ죬ߣȥ۹ַᣬֱӳ۹ȥ
ʱ۹Ϊ׼Ļ£ݱĽţɾʱ
۹ЩϲϸСүһö֮дӰһӰ䵽˵ϣһĽŲַ֮Ӱ¶˳
ˣŵ۹еЩĿһתĶŴſڵķ
ַһǣ֣߽۹Ĵ֮Уʱǰˣ֮У˵Ŀͬʱˢˢһתȫַϡ
۹ԳûǷǣǶ½£ŵ۹ҲԲ˰ɣ
¿ɾˣ۹ģ治֪Ǵ޿ɾҩʲôƾ裡֮ڱС۷׷ף磬֪жŽ֮ŵȴûףβ
뵽ҵǶϼѣ˵֮ˣ۹һᣬΪʲôҪһԼŵŵĶȥĪɣ֮䣬ǰʲôΪĳ޲ɡ
㵨Ӳ٣ȻҶһͻȻһŭȣӰһһ˻ΪһӰһȭַ
Ӧ۹ʥ漶һΪǴﵽ˻磬ʥݵˣǴģһȭǻƿХ֮һȭ֮֮Уͬ쫷ɨһ㣬ԽһıǶĶᡣ
һȭϣֻû˿Խӵסɣܶ˵ﶼڰ²ַʲôʽȥֵһȭȴҲֻ룬û˸˵Ϊ۹ʥ滹ǹ˼ֵġ
ɵһȭʱַȴվԭضҲ˶֮ʱ
ᣬȵңֻһᣬһֻסһһ֮䣬ѻ䵽档
ʱȻң۹ʥ֮ʱ֪ʱվڴſڵַȻͻȻ֮ƾʧ۹ʥȫһȭգеѹҪѪ
ΪҪħ繴ᣬԸţ̧ͷַɨλһۣĵ
ߣѪˣСӵӲСȻ۹ˣԼλ绽Ѿ˫࣬ȻѾŭ
ҪҵַЦЦֵ۹׼Сʣֶһʣ֪ҵδޣȻޣɶ£Ȼҡ۹Ĵػ壬иҶϼ壬۹ΪһɷŹǣ򣬺ߣӦ֪ʲô˵ַһ䣬



958 Ե
öĿҵҪ⼸㾿ѧЩʲô˲õͨȻʱ紫ַΪɲ⣬ħ֮ħ֮֡
λȴǸոճزã봫Ŷʧʵ֮ˣҲòмֹ˼ɣɵַȻԴ󵽽ǷҶϼΪʱλôܵˣ
һ˸һ֮Ŀ׳ϣһӣһĻƽƿնƽˣȻԶΧŵɿתȦ䵽С
׻ֲ㲻ԸˣַЦЦһһȥַ߽ЦһȻӶлƽ𽣣һƿսâͻȻԽзɳΪһֱַ
ΪܺôǷĽâַЦЦҲܣָһצǵâץȥ
ַһצȥƿƺڴ֮еÿ˶ܹһצеĹ켣ȴĳֹ켣һַǳģĸоû˵塣
ͻ꣡һ죬ַһצƺǵâȴƺ׼һ㣬ֱַֻնȥ
ʱַͻȻЦһһָͷһУȻǵâסˣ׻ͨ飬ַסȻܲģǵâƻһ㣬ַŤŤȥͼַա
ߣʵַǵâ֮һȴϣһ֮еǱƽ𽣶ʱȻʧɫˡ
ַЦЦ̧ͷȥʱ֮һƬžҲʱһڵϣҲͬһ㡣
ָ͵סһǿߵȫһǻ׻ġһĻ˵ֻ𾪣ԼۿǾԲܹ˵ز
׻ȻҲ⣬ڸոյõƽʱѾѪһ˿ϸ΢ʶƽ֮С
ҪշһѾϹĻֻ취һɱԭˣӤǻȻ֮ڶǿĨȥе飬ַֻֻ˵ûȴû뵽ַȴ¶ôһ֡
ַסƽ𽣵Ľ飬ָ΢˲䣬ͻȻȫһ𣬽žȻҲ˿ӦԼĽ飬ȻԼԼϵʶַᵯ֮£ѱĨȥˡ
Ǵ֮еɲ⣬ԼԶ֣Щ˵ĿֲʵĻ˿Կһ·ӡ
ӣӵ˵˻û꣡һͻȻڵĶ𣬵ֻһᣬһһֻ־Ȼƾճ֣һצסԼʺҪ
ɫӰһַƾճڵǰ˿ַ̣һֻŵʺһȻ֮ɫ
㡭Ѳǻǿߣʺۣǳ֮ɫֵ֮ʣҲ˲ʲô棬еǰ۲ʶ̩ɽҪǷҶϼΪС㻹ȥ죡
˵ѾˣܵҲӦܹˣҲӦÿ˰ɣʵȴˣƻԽãԽֻҪܹȥЩǰ̬¶Ҳˡ
νĮԣֻԼĳ̬Щ߸ߵԣ֣ⷬǵûַһ˿øУӱָ΢΢һַ׼ŤĲӡ
ǰһмҪԸȤ֮ϵƺִ˼֣ŲԵĸϽ˵ǹħֵ£
ħ£ʲôܣ˵⣬һҲǲܣַ΢΢һ٣üͷƭңѣ
⡭ܣֹ֮У֮ڣȷʵЩʱˣĻֿ֮ȻܣַȻԸˡ
ʱ۸պһ伮˽龰ַһץֱץŵȻǰ̧ͷ˴
£ˣǶΪ֮ɣɨɨ쳣ֿۣ˿֮ɫıַͣᣬЮŵڿն
Žʽ£´壬Ǿ˼˻ˮߣΪŶԸĿ꣬ԸǲҪκνߣ֮ġ֮ǰɣԽԽԶ֮УַᡢѾʧ



959 ʱͨ
ʥ˴ɽҰأַ΢΢ʶӦ¸ûʲô쳣׹ַɽͷ֮⽫ڵϡ
Ȼſзһ⣬һᣬһԶʣһڵ㣬֮󣬾ǻΪһ䵽Ϻһ»Ϊַϴʲô£
ַȴûһҪܲȺһ鵺ɨɨ쳣ĵֿ˿üᣬַһЦ
ҲҪֿˣ磬һߺ֪㲻Ҳܵģ¶СŮ˵ַ̬
ɵѾͷֲʲôбҪôַҡҡͷЦЦȥ£ʵڲ㣬ԣú鵺ϵţҺܿͻȥģ
ϴҲô˵ģˣȴǼ궼ļͻȻ飬Ҽַһʱ̲סҪӦ
뵽ȥĵطʵڲܴᣬֻóһʹ˸ɫһ΢΢ԥһ£ǳˣͷϵһ£뵽һ֣һʱʱ赹ַС
һЦַϴλСԺҪ鷳ɵðҿţ
һˣֵܣ˵Щʲôַһ򣬰οģҲϴҿţȴ˺ÿŮ˷ʱɱ컹ݣ浽ʱֻίˣ
һȴû֮жһͿϴ仰ҾͷģҾˣ԰գᣬֱȥˣֱ˵Ӱʧʱ
ַͻȻתŵʲôܣ˵ɡΪ飬ַ˼Щңʱýһ˵ϣһԲϼ̶֮⡣
ǰǰɣһģµµ˲ͷϵĺ飬Ͻ˵ǲҪħȥҾ֪ȥħ·
˿ȫĹѾַסͺͨ죬ַڵϣˤ߻أӵڴڵĴŴ
ַüͷһ壬˵ϻص㣡
ǰ֪ʮħϵôȻַĶ࣬ʵȴ̫ԶοַУȻֱӳƺַˣֻܼǰ֮
ʮħĹϵȻַ֪ʮŲ룬ȴûʮħʲôֱӵĹϵħʮ֮è壬ȷʵ
ഫǰħʵйϵһԿ֣ߺԶʼͼıԷǰʵǷһսⳡս˺ܾãһЩħˣ½˸ħĴ˳ʱЩĳЩˣĳЩ·ǧ˿ƵĹϵԶ
ܡַ΢΢һӣ˵ĻЩжţԲôȤ㻹˵˵ܱܰɣ
бһַ龰΢΢һϽǳЩħˣô귢չǳһɷǳһʮ֮Уʥ棬˵ħˣ
ʮҵʥ涼ħˣͻŴԣַһͻȻ㲻ңҲħһӰɣ
ûбҪ׵ͷ˵ħˣҲ˵ҪТħ˭ĺô󣬾Ϊ˭£
һͻȻô̹ѵлʲôܣַĿڵϣкâһһʵĻ֡
ȲҪŭҪ˵ȷʵЩйأַܵǿֲķĻַ˼Ͻ˵ЩߣΪֺħʮ˾һôͨٳһʱͨȻͨȴδ֮УѾ˵Ѿ֮ˣҧҧȻ˵ǰ
֮Уѵħ飡ַѿʵ



960 ħ
׼ȷ˵ͨӦħĳв֮Уʱϲ絽֮ĳյһ֮УȻķһռѷ죬һΪ˱λѣռѷͨȴѷ쾹Ȼͨħ硣
ռѷʲôطַЩϲ⣬Ͻʵҵħֻͨ岿ôһ⣬ȴûֹпͨħͨ
ַΪǿд岿Ǳߵͨħ磬Ȼ£ôҲħǿߵΧɱڽ֮ͨʱħǱߵǿߣͻȻͨٵͼпʧʱС
ַб£Ҳܳˣ
ʵǸ˵ֻͨռѷѣʱշ籩ǳֲΪۿֻ쾳ħ޴ǿռѷ֮б˦˳ֻʱѾȥʱˣ˶٣˵
ֻҪͨħУַɨ۵Ȼãǵطڵĵͼңҷһ·ƭңɣɫһַֽ⿪˵ϵĽơ
ɷ񣬵˶΢΢һͳһʯǵͼ֮󼴿̹ĵݸַ˵ǱͨȡħΣȴֻˣʱ˿̣ޱȣΪףʱַˣֻ˵滰ܱԼ
ӹʯɨʯ֮еĵͼһַۣڵԼΪ֮ΪˣҸطúɣ԰գַ˳˲֮С
ַŵӰ̾ϢһԼӦҸطúȥˣǰ׷̫಻ʵʵĶͷԼֵõʲô
գһʧԭأ
ַõ͸ĵͼֱӳ½ıǷȥ
翴ޱ޼ʣʵȻʼնиͷֻǺȥˣ˳űһֱǰͽǧ֮ңһԨĵطƺѾľͷڡ
֮ΪԸ֮߶֪طȴһֻΪԨ쳣֮ߣƽġ
һ˵֮أ챦ԨȴǸ⣬ƾǿʵ棬ҲųˣȴֿտգҪ˵챦ƽһĲϣҲûһ
ÿʱЩ߶ֻҡͷЦͬʱ΢΢һ֮ɫȴһֲᡣ
һ͸Գ˻Ԩգǲεأûͼ£ʱһãҲˣϾðȻ̫
ΪߣܾܿͻΣգ˴ĸȴû˿ջֺľٶ˭Ըһ̽ԣһ̵ĵط
һգֻ֮а׹һһһµ˻ڻԨ˲˵ַ
ϼһûƭҵĻǵռѷطˣǱһ֮Ԩ֮ڣַ΢΢üͷ
Ԩ֮У죬һССĿռѷ첼ߣһȻȻȻǻԨڵַоһѹӭϮ͸һ⡣
Ԩ֮оȻЩôϸСĿռѷ죬˵ͨħĿռѷ죡ַһȡǿ¼ͨǿռѷڵ·ͼ
ʶ棬ɨ˼ֱۣŽЩ·ȫ֮ǿʯϺɫâһʢԥ̤ǻԨ֮С
Ԩ֮ڣɵһƬΧͿУַĿҲֻܿΧʮɷԲ֮ڵ龰
ֲǣ֮Ҳ֪ǺȻʶĿӣʶӦΧڻԶԶȲԼĿԶ
ֵҵǣȻԨ֮кѹַĿǰΪҪֵѹҲɵĺܣˣַҲһСԨ֮ȥɲ﷭ʲô⡣
ԨԽǰߣѹԽ󣬵ַ뵽ɺѹѾʮ˵տʼһĻڵ߶оܳĻ񣬾ǻǿҲоѹǳ



961 ħħ
ѹôһֱ˸ٽѹͺʲô˳ܵסַ屾ǿǳټڤ󣬸ʹǿ˾޴ı䣬Ȼоѹ󣬵ֵɡ
ַȴףֻѹ󣬾Բôɥڴˣп϶ʲôΣٴǰɺַǰͻȻʵĳ˶·
ͻȻֵ·û˿ԥַ̤ױ·Ϊǵͼ֮˼صģַѡΪ֮£˵ѡ
ɾʱֻ꣡һ
ַո̤ͬʱǲ·֮һӰͻȻ𣬻Ϊһͷڵħޣֻ̹˸ȭͷС۾֮׹䣬ŭһſѪ죬ַһҧ
ڳħˣַһߣָһһâֶͷħ޵Ķͷ֮ϣֻһҽ쳹Ƭռ䣬ͷħһֻȡ
Ԩ֮пռƬݺᣬһЩֵħҲȻֻǲ֪ǷΪ֮ħеĻǵЩ鷳ַԼɱħ΢΢üͷ
ԸЩһʶȤҪԼȻҪһɱ¾ܴﵽħ磬յͼʾַ񣬷ɿԨĿ
ȻԽԨģħҲԽֵҵǣЩһҲܸߣֻɱ¾ޣۼУ֮زز⵹ַʡ˲پ
ַ߼ħҲֻֻڵЫӶѣֻЫڰ͵ϮַһΣַڤ潫ǰצΪҽ󣬳˴ַ֪˲ǣһֱûгˡ
ʵ̫࣬˿ͷҲǿǿͨǵħûͨǵҰ޵ĸ
ʱַȴЩɻͨͼʾŸոһ룬;Ȼ˻ڵħ·ǰϼһģѵԨǷĳֱ仯
磬ܴﵽ쾳߲࣬Ԩвٴﵽ쾳ħǽ磬Ǻǲ롣
ҺϹ߲˸ҪȻôֻѲ֪жħҪǱ뵽ˡ
·֮Ͼ֮󣬾һǵͼûĻǵռѷںһߣԽԽӽǿռѷ죬ַԽС
СģǶԵģ
ֻ໣һͺһźڹ⾶ֱַȥ
ַüͷһ壬һһӣ콣һź⣬źڹ⣬кڹ⣬Ȼһ죬ֱӽźڹɢ˿
ڹɢ֮ϣһֻι״ħ߰İͷַͷħ￴ƽϻƺֻ࣬ͷѣһֻͷɫһֻͷɫȫ֮ϣҲɺںɫɡ
ǺɫĻͷ컹΢΢ſţδպϣȻ֮ǰ͵Ϯַĺڹɫͷ
˫ͷַɵ΢΢һԼ֮ǰֻڵЫ˫ͷǿ̫࣬ȻѴﵽ˻춥ľ磬ǻ磬Ҳֻһ֮ң
ֻҪ磬Ҫ㣬Ҳ鷳ַȫâǣ콣֮ϻ磬콣ƺܵһ֮С
ȣһͺȣַе콣ΪһýӰδ䣬Ƭռֻʣһðĳȴʧռ֮зХޱߵĿ񱩽â
඼̫ˣħĽеһõסͻȻǰʾַȭཻһ̶Ħַ콣ϱųϬĽ
ħ壬ųһƻǣ󣬳һưɫĽۣȴƬδƣַһû뵽ħ׵ķȻô̬
ռѷ꣬ʱҪܿռƬϴһССܱġͷħצһϵžž
צָϸָ׷ָɴ飬ַţХ಻Ĵַָʱ
û뵽ĻУɾôħַЦһһֽֽƮȥǡôĶһͬʱҲаԼеˡ
ܣһߣħ˫һԾ֮ƬռʱѿһһԾ䣬ħڵƿնַ׷ȥ
ʱַֽ㱡ͻȻһֱƮȻҿڿռѷеħﵽкα¡Ȼ˻ħʵַûܵıҪ



962 ֲ
ɻȫ콣֮УħȻ˹ȥ϶Ϊһγһ״󣬴˿˿Х֮֮һռѿ
ħɫһ䣬ŭһֻһ籬Ӱ촫һööⳤĹǴ̴ƱϵڵĹǴ೤صһ̤֮УΪһӰַϡ
Ȼڻħһ߿壬һȫӦ콣޿ײĽʱͻȻеһɸĽâϮδӦô£һξ޽صĻؿϣҽһؿһƬѪˮų콣ֱֱĴպ䡣
ôãҲȥˣַĨһɭɱ콣һ𣬻ħҽ̮ȥֻʣһƬƤĹ
ַһĳʣµĲкںȻըɷ顭
ͷ·ħַŵͼָķǰУȻַҪ߳ĴռѷͨʱԸоһԵѹָС
ʹӣֹƺһ֮أƺܶɢһѪȵζĪ˶
߳ͨ󣬳ַǰģƬһ޼ʵɭַ֣Ӹ£ƬɭȥֻþɭһƬȻǴʱп֮ʱ
ǴǴɭиоһ˿ɭɭĺ⣬·ԹħӰƣɺⲻʵжˣǹɭܽ͸飬ȻȻĸӦ
طԽˣԽַĺ棬ףûа˿赲Ƭȴ·ڲؽһƬ޴ӰУԵķ·һޱȿտŵأ
ʣһ֮أϿƺżĽƣʹһ˸޷͸·ʵҪ֪һʲôĴģֻȥпŪ塣
գַո˵󣬺ԥɭ֮Уŵɽûа˿죬ȻľʢȴûκҰޡħ޺Хûȸ֮ԵİԵ
ŵɽַֻŲҶ죬ΪշУȴƫƫҪֽ̤ʵصķһǰҪֱӡԭʼİ취ȥƬ֮صĿ־ա
ڣ߽ɭУܹϿǻԲ̫ȴ޹⣬ɭɭǰ̤ǰȻʣȻһƳǰ龰ַһȫǸ޵ʬҰݴ˵صĲ״
ǴըļһƬƬɽƬ̮ǻ߲ܰ쵽ģϱڲɽ֮УĴѪǣָѪǶС
ַ֮ǰŵѪ֮ǴƮɢȥģֻĳֽƮȥѪ֮֮٣ַĲ״ɨһ飬һˣȫЩ״ҵʬǣ˵ﲻǰ϶һ춯صĴս
ַ̧֮ʱͻȻ֮䣬µеֲͬһ㣬趯һӲ˫ţһֲ￪ʼ賤лɰ׶ߣֱӿٴףַѸû档
ַоϵĻ·һһ㣬εս壬ͬʱЩ纣ˮһ㣬ȻʼڵѪȵֲֱȴеѪҪ¡
ޱ𾪼䣬Ȼ߶ȫҪоԾǣʱΪȻһʱЩЩ˼飬Ƭط治ܹԳ֮
Ȼϣֻȡˣֻһ
һɵϵĻӿ⣬ڤһֹ賤ֲȼ˻ҽַڽ˳Ȳ˵ڤôǿ󣬾˵ǡÿڼ֮صаһ㣬ԻٵЩֲˡ
ЩЩӿֲַٴλһðµֲһѻ˸ɸɾſʶһڵüڿɶ͸ЩһﾹȻҲ
˵кһ૳ȻҵҪǼӱ԰գַչ򣬽֮Ƭռ֮ϵ˶٣Ǿ͵üӱ³Сүױɡ
԰գ֮ͻȻһ貵ĹâһϯӿƬ޾ʳֲ⻪ӵر۵˿Уһʼۼʼӿַڡ
ַƮڰУʼĬĬЩŷʧЩҺѪֲڿٿήţãã޾ĹֲڿʧˣֻһƬƬήĲл֦



963 ϻ̫
֪˶ãַձ֮ʡ
С㹻ݣ˵ֲȻͱˣѾţ֮ҲЩûа취ĸһ£һԵЩ˷ܣЩ٬ͻȻڰ
ʲôˣүַڤͻȻ۾ԵúǷŭΪоЩѹ٬ƺ̺ĳֹƻ֮ͨ˿ѾǣǿҲоЩꡣ
һóַȻǲ⣡
ιòвҶһˣαطŭ˵ϷҿƬռػߣôҲƳԶȻڿлصֻʼ޷ѰٵԴһȴû˶ǵħ
Ͻұ죬ֱүˣַһȣ쳹ϿգɾƽĺһһڿĳֱƬ𶯲ѡ
һͻȻƬմֻٵСûһϰ֮£һڣһòȻļһһ˳
һڵַǰ棬ַԣϸַΣͻȻڵСӣҪȥħɣຣޱߣͷǰеݾ
װŪȻˣСүûͷַʵǸʲôΪʲô֪һʲôǰַ۲һ
˾գַʻ󣬲ŵҲʲôϷǶػߣҲƬԨĿˣ֮ԻҪֹκ˽ħ磡
ַû뵽һﾹȻ˵ȻһӣҲ룬ֻһͨȻǸˣôֹܵطˣôУ
ҲˮΪİΪ˲˽ħʧԣϷȥһУһأЩǧټƽħˣԴȱ֮Ȱǻȥ
һÿ˵һ仰ַԱ߾ͻʶ̽һ֪һ˵Ǽ٣ķ֣һȻһУ⣬˵ļп
뵽ַͻȻƬռ˺ܳʱ䣬Ȼ˽һУҲûʵķϻҪ붯־ǰ֮ǰһЩ顣
ЩϷ˵Щǲ˵ġ
㣬Щһ£
Դȱ֮ȰЧϷֻöˣȻʵ󲿷ֶħԣΪħū֮ȻϷǾԲɱֵġ
⻰ַһ㶣Цɱˣ㾹Ȼô£ڳһʥ˵ģӿžˬ㣬ħ磬ִ
˴˵ĿģֻΪֹ˽ħ磬ߣһ֮ͬȰ˵Ч˵ãֻжȻˡ
ַЦǷСַһףҲЩٴεÿ㷢СүھҪȥħ磡
ħ֣ΨҿܶȻˣȫɡȻգһֱֻѾֹ̧͸һɫ⣬ֶַ
ַҲ룬콣Уݺݵĳǵȥ
ֻ顱һ
ɫĹâ·ʵľһ㣬޼᲻ݵ콣֮󣬲𣬶콣˳ȥһ̶Ľ֮
ʱַ΢һòȻȻЩ£ףΪʲôûħˣôħеЩħҲֻд׵ķݶ
ôǻͷüһջ˹ƣַ¶м֮ɫֻٴһ貵Ľɫ⡣
ϻ̫ˣһΣַû֣ҽڵһ壬۹ĵһƿնǿҵĽΧĿռȫ
һΣͻȻһǾӰǿһʱһε𵴲ɢܼĽӰԲ״˵ȥ
ûôôһ̬СӦòǻ˵еŵɣһǣ㶨ȻǴ˵ǸСɣȻǿô̬ʱַʵɫ䣬
ַȴĺУƵĴǰһ£ۼ˻Ҳ˵Լ˶֣˿Ҳ飬һ£㿪ٵأ
ͻȻҲóһٽӭϣʲô˵ĴһתɫʵȻ䣬κмܣ󵹴ܶȥ



964 ʯͨ
ʱַ콣â಻׷ȥһ˵ܶ㣬ܶģĵɥڶ޿ɶ֮£ƴһӭϡ
ֻһ˫еĳ˲俳Σһ𣬿˿Ѫ䵽ϣ͵ؼͣ
ַȴƲţһ߿Х磬ֱ£һ֮ɾ춯أͻַţǺһ֮
ֻͻȻƾճǰ˵أ˵סַһȴ˵ϣôҲû룬γݣַô̬
ַأüһ˭
Ϊߵķػߣ¿ŵ
ַЦô֪ң
˵£ŵֻһֵܣͬʱּһˣ
ַЦͻ٣ȵ֪ŵΪλҪ˶֣ȴĳ⡭
˿ЦҵķΪ赲һЩͶħĶ磬ίʵ벻ŵҲᵽԨȫһᡣ
⻰ַջ콣콣ջأ˵нɢмַ콣˫ҲһҲ̲סʵȴ֪
ַĳҪħȥ
ķػһΪ߶ݵŵƣȻҲֻ֪ǡħаƼ֮أħˣǱħǱնδһ˸ҹħ磬˼
ַĿһ㣬ңעԵɽȣж׮˲£κ볹ħ˴ħ֮УڱУ
ķػ߶һһۣɫһ˵֪ħѵ˲бĴħͷȷʵͻ˻ޣﵽһȫµľ硭⼸һǼѶԸˣһŮħͷƶˣ֮黯׽ˣ˵ͻȻͱĴ˾˵ħԹһοͷ
ַȴЦħԿͷȴδҳԿͷݶôĳ˴磬ǹһˣʲô˵ģҡֻҪҰ磬Ҿ͸ɱ
⻰ͬʱչЦ˷磬ͨı죬ֻҲˣ
ַ˵ȭλһȷʹĳǳΣĳȴڱСʹ˱԰գתӡ
ٴѿڵ㡭ַȴҲһۣһڿնȥ
ĬȻãһ̾ǰóԵŵΪ֮ǿǿ£Ϸ򻹲ţһ
һ˶ݵΪߣ壬СĸƺȻ壬ɷȻΪػߣҲֻǿܣֹ˼ұʵǲԶˣ
ַӰʧ૵Ը˷˽绹ٳҵ԰գҲһһû˿УʲôҲûһ
ַˣǰ֮·ɭַУ⣬ʱĺɫأԵУͻȻֳһư׹⣬һյƣǶڰ֮УͬڤɽУ԰׹⣬ȴһ㡣
Ű׹ָ£ַþĿƳǹâ֮龰â֮һ·ͨɽϱɽȵͨɽվ·ȴشȺɽ
ǵ׹ǵɽ֮ϣΪָ·ַ;䵽˵ϣòߣǰɽ·ԽԽۣĿѼʮ֮⣬ʶȴްˣԣĵĺܣԲҲʲôⷢ
һС֮ʱͻȻ䣬ǰȻʣɽУͻȻ漣ֳһƬƻǣѣĿĿĶȻ˵ɭڰ˿̣ȴһƬԻ͵ǹ⡣
Ŀǹǵδʹؼ٣ʹ˵Ĺ졣
ħеʲôַԼģҲЩ٣кܣ˿̾Ҫ֪յˡ
ǹ֮£ֻһĺڣͷĿռͨڰ֮С
ַһĨһȻռͨбѿ֮֮ͨУֳһ޴Բι
һĳʰʮȽǵԲͨͨľͷһɫĹâͨвһ˵ֵؾʯɢһǿ˼



965 ðħ
ַʶЩʯϻתţܹ׵ĸӦ̺ŵӴܾǿռˣĸ֮Ӧþֶ
һЦַ𣬾˾֮ͨУ뾧ͨһ˲䣬޾ľʯʱɢعâЩâֱ䵽֮ϣɢǿҵ
е𽥼ͨƺСƣȻһ޴ͷͨ˸Ƭ֮ڳ׵ʧˣַӰҲʧС
ռͨ󣬲֪˶ãַںڰ˫΢۴һƬ̣΢ҡڲתתͷһ˿ïܵҶӵķ϶佫ǵ΢΢ЩԺַϡ
˻ԴЩȻĿΧİľɫ֮Դƺһַ롱һ£ڿն̧ͷĴɭҶïʢûж
ɭֿЩɭΧצ֦мֲֿգַȴ֪ѾˣӦþħˡ
ֻľȴЩ죡ԭΪħһɭֲĴǺɫĵȴû뵽˵еħҲ˶١
һʱ֮ת˲ȹָڿռͨĵĹַԾͻȻһǲ˲ʧԭأʱֻһŭ
ַղվĵطһͷħ˫צ裬һ䵽Ǵ򣬴΢΢һҡΣţǡء
ַվڼʮԶǱıķԲ״һ󾪲ãȻĹѰԼĴħܣַжʱ߳ŭ벻ܵĴСүͣ
ǲַż㣬Ѹħܱ󣬻עл꽣ȫ󱳵һӰɫë꽣ŷ֮ꡱĴ̽˴ħܵҪ
ַһνˣбָѪ֮£ַĿҺĴħܣҪѪ
ĬһֻડһҺеħӦ̵ڵأַٴƸúó˶٣뿪
Ƭԭʼɭʵڹޱȣַһֱ죬ȻûѰƬɭֵƬԵĴ಻ȺɽΡĸ߷壬޳û޺С
һߣ߲ȥԶͻᱻǳȺӳֵײеħ˺Ƭַȫ΢ţͿɢųѹʶħ޶ƵУ˿衣
ȻڼҲЩ֪ħ裬ַҲеģЩħڵľ˶˵ȻûдãҲǷǳĲƷȻ˼ԶţҪ̫ʶ࡯ˡ
Ƭޱ޼ʵԭʼɭУÿԳ仢Х֪֮ħҪùˣַ֮ͻȻ䵽һƬյϣŵϻµĻҽʱµҰ
ȻտҰζµĺۼһԻħ޵ĺǣƬԭʼɭУӦһЩǿߣַɽ
ַͻȻüͷһ壬ǰֵںȻ֮죬ԶԶȥƺַ֣ڿն𣬿ȥյս֮أֻꡱһ
һ޴绮ɽ֣һƬľɽ̿
䡱졣
һҫ۵Ĺâֶʱӿɳ죬ĥ̴СɽʯϯȻҵķ顣
ַڸ߿֮ϣȻ·ɽڣһԪһ߶Ծ˵Ϊǿﵽ˻λľ磬ԭʼɭУǿߣַһ˷ܣԼҪǴԼȥˡ
ȻԾ˸оһ˿쳣Ϣͬʱ̧ͷȻһ˵նһڵЦǣֹǵΪ֮һ
ǰǡħ
Ǹոմɭֳ𣡡ȺʵǹĻȻЩˣַħǰߡ
ħ磬ΪʥΪԽĴڣΪֻڵħ磬ȴֻһ˸ҳˣоǿǸ磬Ҳҳֻ˶
ַ£ˣǽʮҵӣղȻڶԾڿƺжд輼ա
ҵȷǸմɭֻǱ޵̫ã£֪浽磬Ҫ߶·ַѿԼݣ˳ǵ˼ðħ



966 ħ
û뵽ҼһħȷʵǳȻǴʱѴﵽ˻쾳磬ȴ֪û꣬ܿ硣
һ磬Ϊħλħʥʮǧˣ˵һЩ֣ȴû뵽һħҪ֪ܱΪħˣħ磬Ҳûж١
ַȴǲ֪е뷨ûлشԼĻֻٴοڵһ֪ƬɭֵȷгڣΪָһ𣡡
ԣȻԣɭֵĳھǰǧﴦϧΪޣǰĲȻͿԴǰȥˡͨ˵ҽܣַһ֪Լʱɭħһ֮ء
ǿ봳ɭڲһ̽ɭֵʵЩ뵽ڲˣȴӴδֹһЩΪ׷Ѱ汲㼣ǰͺ̴ɭ֣ϧʧܶա
˵˵ʱһλǿ߽ɭ֣Ѿȥİˣڴ֮궼ûмǿ߽ɭ֣գܹۿһλħڲô᲻
ŪЩַвЩЦɭڲޡǲ٣вǿߵĴڣȴ֮٣֪Щ˽ˣԼãûЩħ
ˣַٴǰպǳɭ֣һ
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һž֮£ʮͷ̷˵ʬ壬˵ڵأַɫ仯ĲΪǵǵĹ״
ʮλ̷ľĿƵԵüϣ԰׵Ƥû˿ĻȻЩʬĿȻϣַۼ⣬ǵƣ˲ӵеġ
ħ磬˭Ȼ˷ɱˣ״ҵľ飬ַɻüͷ壬ǰƻʬԴ
ɾַָʬͷ­֮ʱʬϰȻ͵һȻǻǻҡַͫ΢΢һջƣֻ°ʬ壬
绯е뾫úݶַħҲһ壬ǷȻԾ˶֡
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ǵĳ֮ûǮңַֻý˼öͽ׵ľˣҺ⾧۵Ǻö֮еһƼңһƥѩͷǣʮ񿥡
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λλƺǸҵġιӡҼпǾˡ
ַһĴҲҪһƲˣƣһָһֱҡҡλΣ˾⣬Ҳıãǧɢҡͷԣ̬䣬־һ
ʱλιӵɨַһۣĵһǲ֪;գǿԣ֮ߣȴԶŻȾƣǹ˵ġ
ͷݺӽеǧ˺úֵܣһǧ㻹ȣͬе˵һҪҺ
ݺӵӱҴҺһǺСʺŭƨƨƫȣ
ݺȵȲȣǾƺҪǿйƣʺŭһƣһ˴ײײһײַϣַŭȵдôȾƵô
áһַϵһЩڵϣöӨľ˺һһأЩͽ׾ҲˣʶĿڰ죬ҲڲǱ⣬ⶫַڱ纣Ūġ
ʱΪװǻƣҴץһѶų棬ȴû뵽⴮һ˳ַһ̤Щʰе𣿡



967 ¥
Ǵ飬ٿȻ֣ͣжȵĹâȵ˭Ķ㾹ӣǲǻˣԹ۵ľƿͣǰȰ⡣
ʱλιаЦ˷ǿ־ΪײǼһϲʵСӺˣֻҪڴˣɽЩǿԸˡ
뵽λιӿַһۣ¿ǻ˰ɣȴˣַҪԸģɾˡ
λλҲ߹ȥ˫һƣ־ôֵ˵λ˳һϵĶ˹ι飬֮͵Զһ֪
Ӹһƣؿڷʹһֹ֣Ե˭͵ԱߵȰˣˣײ˼ǲԣȥúúȾưɡ
ַһҲûƱϵܣҲһ԰գһڴˣλιüͷһ壬ֵˡصԼλΡ
ӶλιһۣеƹģˣݵǮһûУɫࣻʵһԼǮϵǮҲˡ
ãȷǵ͵ţʴף֪λιΪȴ֪壬Сʧ󣬲ƹлĽ𡣡
ɫΣַڻòƹĵλү棬лĽ𡣡
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Ҳվеƹģˣ⣬ȥͽǵѣƹļλιãӸѻ˵л𡣡
ιһɵôһߵ´ղ͵ǮҲˣһͬСɣȻǴϵĺҲġ
ƹĺòɣι·ޱȣֲûǮӣɻϿûɢǮСһģܿһ
ιӸżҲ·ǾҪڳˣƹļɫԣЦүôʾư֡
ַ֪Ȼҡҡڰ˳ĺ֮ڽѣǧɢλСҽˡӻһöˣ׸ƹȥǮɣµĸ㣡ƹϲ⣬л
ιлַлʲôҽһؾһκȾʱഩѣʱͲˡˣҡҡλΣҲλιӣ¥ȥ
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ʱЩ£˾¥·߳⣬ַҲǰƵţһһﲻɣֲѽ
ѰһߣǰȥˢһޣȴַвҪ֮һʵַΪǳָǡҪڣȻַһλΪߣضһȻΪߵģǾͿܳ
һ޴ȥַʱҽһȻܲҹѣһޣιӰվͣմ֮ʱȴ
ˣַҲ˼Σ̤㲻ȣιӺȥʧִ㣬ҽбʲô֣
ַ̧һŭе԰ʳģñӳң
ֺֺЦľƻδҸղſɳòأԼûվȰˣ
ַ䆔һ鵶ˮˮٱѽѽʫʫ̬䣬ʫŨȴ֪ơ
ҲŪò֪Ӧ˫һ߼߼ߵѩȻ׷ϣᵹ䣬ַû֮вˣкȻ˵ʲô·ֲʹģǸز¶ĸ֣



968 ҹǿ
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һʱϲԭҲпѾụ̂˺ҲҪסޣҲҲסһƥȥ
ʱַֻ˶ѻ￾һֻ֪࣬Ũһ޴Ѿͷģˡ
һۣˣ
ַҼʱԺҿѵӦŶԣ¸ոһԣ֮ڣѪ֣֮
⻰΢΢һ֪ʲôǿҪ鱦Ѫֲ֮Ŷԣҿ㻹Сĵɣʡƾ׶С
ַӵһ𣬴еʲôǿһҲûУǿˣĺԹãҲסˡ
ֺֺЦ˵ȥһǿ㣬˴ȣʮǿҲϡ԰գ¶ɫΪ⡣
ַŴ۾Ȼ͡һЦı£ΪλҪ׳˼ҵģ
ҵǮС͵ȥˡ
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㲻žͲţҪţһֱ˱ǹۣ̿ˮȴ˼ַҪ
ַ˺һֻȣҧһڣҡͷԣ˵ʳɾƣŲʣѽ㣡
ŭһۣͷȥַͻȻеι԰͵ģһƨɡ˵ƨɣȴˡһһ˹
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۾ַֻѺ˯⣬ɢһأͷȥַת˸ȴ˯ȥʲôóԵģڵΪͲҪԶˣ
ַףڤ˯Ҳڤ˯ˣȻһ·ر㱾ûʵԳŲڣָڻɽסޣѵװΪôֲװѽ
վӣַ֪ת˸Ϊ͵ǰ˺йХַ֮һۣ˯Ц㣬־ã컯СȥЩһﵲȥ˵߳ţһϡ
º֮£ֱֻ߹һ˵ﻹſڴˡһô죿һ˵ֻȡ˵׼ˡͷһôʹã˵Ҫץġ
ŭĵúݵǿٲƻ뺦ȴ֪ǳģǳַģһ˽Уˣ
ѷâֽý֮һóջ£ִˣһʹգһʹ˫ųң𻨷ɽոһпڣ˫ȴбһߡ
ĵ׺ȻǿôôǿΪе㲻ԾˣΪˣбҪǿôߵԳģģ
ɴʱ˸ǳԾνӵֻǽ˻׽ȥ׽£ֵӦ׵ĺܣȴӾȻô֣֣ĳ缲籩һɱ
ǵؽ׻ʹյȻأȴҲҺʹ˫ַǷ๥ĳȻı
ʹԼ˫һյĽУһŵ⣬ȥʹˮкأͷף˱ɱòˡ
˫βӦȴҲ޷κΣʱͻȻҧһбʹ˫ǿʹɱ֣һֺּǰ˺Ѷ㿪ǼҴС
ȡǿ˵Ǵɱһˣȴ޷ʤԱƵó˾С


969 Ѿͷ
һȥʹ˫ǿһҹһгַȥһһоǺڤɵļæһתһתȿʹյǿεݣ˫͵Ϯ｣ȵǿǺڤħ£ʹֹȵʶҵձļˣ˫ޱȣȻȫƴ
Ҳ۾ôĵӣȻǾԡһڽָָϴ򱱣ҲǾ飬кݼ۱ΪҪȺڤħʤһ
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ʹյĵСΪܲһҿͷͳɲɣʹ˫Ӧã㣬㣬Ȼ׽֮ʱҪҵĻһһƺ֮Ǻʡ
ŭⱩʹյӭ̣һӭշ𣬺ȻӴһִһεȿ켲һ̱Уʹ˫ŵôˣһһֵĻֹسΡ
ʹ˫ķܣһ֣һâĺģˣɺáһ죬ǵâȻ֪ʲôŴת˲֮䣬ܵӰ١
һƬãȻʮֲ⣡Լղһ׺ݣʹյĵ˻ֵܵȴ֮ʱԷվȻᴹʹһ㣬ɥԼ֮¡
ԽԽ棬ĵ˰ɣԼǵâҲͻȻ˻ˣѵǰгֵĸˣԼˣʵ޴˵
׿ڵϵˣһÿȻһڤħ£ɲȻͨٲǿˣŵӣһЩǮһ⣬С
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еιˣ㵹˯ÿַ˸еǿˣַ˯죬˭Ⱦƽ֪
Ц֪ʲôǿַ˯ۣҹΣСôרҵңһҲűĻǵл
㲻͵ȥǿַЦȻˣǲûˣ㻹ʲô
գ˵ҰǶɱ˵ġַ𣿺üüһȰɣ㲻޹»Ҳ˵԰ˣ԰աһѰһֻ
ŭһƽķɣ˭㿪Цأι㣬˭ģַһ۾Ȼѧָȵι㣬˭ģ
ŭʲôַЦңѵҾͲ㣿
һϣһǿʶҲĸס룺ҵ˵ַ֪б۾Լһ˿Цá
תһ룺ҵ˵֪Ҳһ˵֪αǿʩˣڤħ£׷ٶʲô뵽ͻȻַǸЦЦбۿ˵־ᡣ
һ룬ӻȡһ׹ȥ㣬ҲַͬƳһۣʲôֲܳԣҪʲô
Եһ·ΣյúܣƣǿͲҴˡ
ַʲôôħ
ЦԵֻ±ħأǾѵû˵𣿾һǷ˭Ǽ֡
ַʵһ⣬ַӹһۣȻЦɷбˣһ˻ȥ
ɫ࣬һǷͬСɣŭȵһﵱ治֪ôƣ⣬֬ƣһƴȥָӡǶѿ
ĵ;˻ŭҲһһʶˣˣһΣԺ㱻ǿɱҲԼҲٹٿתȥһ⣬ŪмҲԸַһۡ


970 ɱ
뿪ַһ˶պһɽ֮С䣡ǿҵڿдݣѲڵƬ
һǿĲô£ѩıٶȼ죬ܿ죬ͿһĻ𾪵سԶյϣ˾ɢţǴ˿ɱ
Ӳģֻð˴Ц˶ǽɫɫüëЩа죬Ӱ䣬ǰ汼ܵľһϵѪ֮С
ЩѾˣˣȫʧȥ˷
ӣֻôһ뷨ҽУҴʮֻĴӴܡ
ɡĮһ˽ɫƮƮȻһʮ׳ؽɫһԾ޴ؽɫɢɵؽ⣬һɭϢ
ˣȫڽУ·ǴܵľˣҴ԰գһ͸ؽɫƳȥʮܵľܵٿ죬Ҳٶȿ졣
ʱʮĴӴܵؾˣֱӹ⻯ڿУʱپˣֻʣһ쾳ŭؿǰˣֵΪʲôҪǾ壡
ٺ٣Ҫ־ֻܹǾ뿪ħ̫ãڸӦûǴ粻ǺܺôҪأ԰գһǰ󣬽˳׷ֱӷɱˣ
ôһ¡ʱڰıˣǾأôɱˣĪɾѷʲôʡ
Ȼȥˣղ⼸˵ʵ̫ǿˣ˶ǻǿߣôһƾСѾͷôðȻͷ
һǻַΪʲôҪôҪɱһ
ʱɱһ˺ȫɢɫâһ䳯صĵطһۣЦﻹһ͵ߣȥһչһָһ
ͻȻֽ⣬ܲҪĿ֮ʣȴǵĽͻȻ΢΢һ٣Ȼԭط˻ȥ΢΢һѱڣ漴Ӱ׹
˿һĻһûתʣ
ʱմıͻȻ۾һֻۣûһ˵Ӱɲ䣬һ𣺡Ӧ֪Ǿǻ˴ɣҺ֪֮һͶˣ
ͻȻתַֻǾ󣬿ԼȴһӦҲûУֱڣ֪Լһ·ַŪˣ
УһӣַƳԶƴܵһۣںһɱôˣһ֮һӣҲǶ˲ʧʡ
һᣬֻдҽУһǰһ󣬴µ
һĻӶҪɳˣַһʱ䲻֪˵ЩʲôֻõСѲʼոűСô
ַ·Цʼգ죬Сӵſܲȣٺ٣СѾͷһ·϶³ԼˣСôҲϲϵģ
ɫϣ̼˭ˣ԰գַ¶һЦЦ飬֪Ȼ֪ɵøȡ
ȴַЦϴμȻҰǿˣμ£СȻҪһһ٣ȥЩˣ̾˿ȴһȻЩҲͲˣ
ԣҲ¶Ȼɫֻܹ̫ûˣۼԼ˱ɱԼȻ޷֮Ŀ
ˣ˵ЩѾˣӦ֪ȥ屾·ɣھʹȥ
⡭һԥһ
ѾͷȥֻǾҪˣϸ˵ַűֱڿն
㾿˭ΪʲôҪǾ壡ַڿնıһʱˡ
ҾǸˣҲǸæˣַ̾һٵȥҪǸ򣡡
һᣬָ˷
һտ룬ڱ·ֱ֮˾ɭ֣֮䣬ýӰ䣬ֵӰӣï֦ܵ£֣ģ塣
٣СѾͷģ·õôż֦֮㣬λΪɫߵַعͷЦı


971 ɭ
治һĻǲ׼κ˽룬ҪǱ֪Ҵҵǰ岻ɡνĸַüͷ
İɣƨʶڣû˸Ҷ㣡ַعͷɨһۣο
˷ۣٴƵ̾һ̾˲磬Լȥ¥ȸƣôôˣҪûԼʱҲС治֪ӦлӦ
ֻ֮ܽ⣬νȥǿɵԼ뷨ˣʵû˽ǡٴδַת䣬֣ص
УֻҪҿǳУģԼ취ַҲƵĵ˵ͷģôһ£ԼȭôܵĴ
ַͷԸзģһᣬЩ̲סʵˣ㡭죡
šַӣ΢΢˵ͷ죬һǵľӺȹƣݹӣΪֵܣȻΪҷϲô
ôӽʶģɻһ䣬ȴһʵİæλܰ壬Ը㲻ҪҲźá
ַЦһЩεĽҹ֮¼˵˵
ԭΪģҾ˵ԣǼЦЦЩۼ̾û뵽ҹС㣬ȻʶǺǣҲǺܲˣ
ַεЦЦӣ˼䡭ַģҲֻεʼ磬Ц̸֮䣬˵ٶȴ˿ӵһ㣬һš
·ڼ䣬żҲܼһЩսĳأ˶ǲδʲôᣬֻǴһۣǼͷ·űïֺܵдʱ䡣
Ҳ𽥵˾ɭֵڲΧ˻ƴĳѾΪټһһԾĳ棬ȴǿʼ
˼ڽ뾫ǣԶ⾫ɭֵ£ֻʱܣһ·ƫƧ·Σż׷ɱ£ܳʱַҲǳ֡
ɫ֮ʱһԵַ쵽ˡ
ǾͺãѾҳӣǾ滹֪ǸʲôˣԣַͷҲ΢ŵģüͷ˵ͷ
˾ǣ²ΪҪʱԡû˵꣬Եַ͵һץס֣һѵһþ֮ϡ
ôˣַͻؾٶõñԴһȻصʵ
ַ˵˰ڣȻ۾ϡڱĪʱ֮Уһ޵Ŀֲʶ͵֮ƺɨʶɨ壬һϸϸļƤϱƤ
ֲʶõñͷ΢΢ɫڼ֮ʱҲǸϽıַ͡۾ţ΢΢Ĭ˲䣬ʶ͵
˵ϢʱʧƬռ֮УȻڴʱǹʶʼ˴Χ̽Ѱټ
ôˣոǹɿֲʶôһ£ΧȻտ֣㵵ĵ
ȷֲҲԵľСǲ˭׶༪ˡַüͷ壬΢еɻ
ǿô죬ǻ᲻ѾСʵ
Ҳַ֪ҡҡͷЦǵʲôǿУֻǵ˭Ը壬ȴʵ벻ͷȻһٴξһԾǰߣȻ俪
һɵӴĳУ𺳵ĸҰ֮ڡ
ǰӴУʥҪ֣ȫɾľɣɱ֮ɫ֮Ϸ̽ң¼ѷããֺУȻһƺΰľͳС
ڳϿգһΧɫͬɫĹ֣״ε۶£УСھ޴ĳǿڴǲӰȴǾˣ˹ˡ
ˣ棬ǧҪĴܡַͷű֣صĵҽȥ󣬿ܻͬһʱ䣬Ҹط
ģû˱ҸϤˣҪģַһۣЦһַǺĿУԾ˸ɿĶԶһֱ۶ȥ


972 ħͷ
СѾͷҲе֣ҡҡͷַ߽űıӰֱȷûʲôΣպ󣬷ŻջĿ⣬ε̾ϢһҴһ£Ȼż㣬Ӱ˳ųǽԾߡ
һξ룬ѾԶȺӿĳſڣĴûĳǽַŴδԾȻ󻺻Ķųǽȥߵü仺ÿһʶ̽һ¡
˹˼ʮַκȻĶƣشǰ޵Ŀռ䡭Ǵ޵ĿռϣȴΪıƾյ˻һģĿڣǰ֡
΢۾ǰգַ΢΢һƲƻ̽ڵʹеƣҲĵεĽ֮ϣȻ󣬻ӿ
֮ϣʹâԽԽʢ󣬼ǽַθ˽ȥǰεĽ֮ϣƬʱ䣬㱻ֽһһ׶Ŀն
ַۼֿ죬ڿնոճ֮ʱαѾһ㣬Ĵ˽ȥַθոմ磬ǿնǼٵںһȻٴιΪΡ
ԸüƬ޿ռ䣬ַ΢Σƾʧԭء
Ľ뾫ǺַԾһþ޴Ĺ֮ϣĿ
ֻǰԶɽɫѩ£棬ɽӰŴսҪȥ֣쳯ɽȥ
ƬΣɽŴһӽſӣɽϵľ
ַ棬벻оʤһ룬嶼ǰ֮ˣĽҲΪ棬ǱжϣȻһԽɽԶ
ַ֮ݡ
ڴȻҶлνûκ覴ãûǿҵı仯ͻĸ߳ȴһɾѣݵζ
ʱɽŴһХһӦǰļХӽˣƾֱظеǰХɱζʱͷһ
ַһ𣬶һ֦ҶŨƷŴɽ·ѵͤڣôϸƳ֪һ֡
ĸ֣ƽʱ˭е죬ַսȴûʲô˶ˣ׵ǹƾʾ⣬ĳ
˵ѸݣַĿǸۼĴ󺺣شŵĿ˵аζһ֪ô·Źϴһߣһ⡣
˼䣬һƾӰ۵ִͤ⣬ߵ¥տϴǵضϣΪ˲٣Ȼȥ˹ȥͺ޼ˣ
ַԭ޵УԸ漴ţһʱֵӡ
ͤڵ¥ЦЦһ˹Ȼڤаˣ벻ôѹ㻹û뵽Ǹ磬˵СһΪɲ⣬ϣ㲻޾ǰɣ
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֮ϻһѪɫӣʹ˸еײ࣬˾ĺڤħˣν壬ȻǼһַ֣û뵽
ҴǵĶԴ𣬿֪ǰ˴֮仹ǵжԵģβ֪Ϊʲôԭ򣬾ȻͬʱַҲǶԴҹǳġ
ڤħ̾һ̤ǰִ̽˵·ˡѴ׳ٿʹ룬ɫת죬һƳͤȥ
ĿǱͺѪȫ˹ȥٻɷȳΣɽֱͤȥƵ溧ޱȡ
ַѶкܸߵĲ¹ûϵĳѪֻаŰԵΪҹԼӲҹ䵽ЩУǲ
ͻһ
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973 ħڶ
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ַֻӰͤڵ¥ٴ˳˵ֱӵһǿַУȴһһҲ򵥣뽣䣬Ա仯ˡ
ڤħƻóӰеֵһƣЦаҲˣ˵ɣȴֻ֮תƻϻ£ĳӰӭϾ޽
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ڤħһʱ¥˻ͤڣЦаζΣڤħʱŸȣ°ףҲ֪˹Ϊ߲Ѷ
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һﶼǳԽ˻ĴڣһŵȥǺһİ¾Ȼ֮࣬˾죬Ŀµ֣ҪӦκһˣܻڻ£ͬʱΪУͻеˡ
ڤħδüವһЦɽ·ǵֵŮӿڵҵа磬ڤСܣˣҪһ㹷ҧǣŮ𣿡
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һܣֻôҰõģߣһҪǹڵĽֺ
쳤ЦԶһǵͳȴװϸĻǲҪ㣬Ұħյȫհɣһ£ַɫ䣬ĳԾɵġ
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˶ǳԽ˻ĴڣַеκζܲʤԱսӣĸΧ˽ӣпǳˡ
͸֦ҶȥַĽǶȣֻܿ±ߵŮħеʱ΢䣬֮Цַ֪𺧡
ٿأһӰЮƷ֮ɸߴȻϵ㣬ֱ½Ů֮ԣʱȫϢƺëᡣ
ַϢһ˹ëףֻҪһСģͻ˵ľͿҪһս
ħݹ꣬һнľӣüҶƣߣԱŮ߳ͷħһŮʶ䱸Ų
ħ˫ָ󣬻Ŀһɨ췢һ׶δɵеϸ۵ѵĸϼһﻹܾһãϻ˵ҵģǿȻϲͷöϤλ㣬ħ𲻻档
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ǰ¥ˮݵĺڤħħǡôˣֲδѣ̫Ѳſϲ⣡˵Ůӣô˵
ŮЦڤСܵĻ㵱ȻͬȻ֮䣬ȵͻȻŽһ£ħǿĴħͷ
ħµĵȻλô룬ҲǿǿûкõĽǰȻֳķݣһľԪ֮ǰδãһŲŲʡ


974 ټ
ŮӴһޱĵغһ۵ħʱѧôϸ㣬ң˴ǰҪΪ壬˻δ𣬾˺ôҲ̫˵ɣ
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ڤħ춯صĲ˻׷ɿȥһݴȥԿַõд˱仯һʱĿɿڴҲ̫˰ɣֲ˶Զ֮
ͬһʱƷ¥ͤڼ˺ݣħʸ׷ȥѸûͤͱڶȥһʱ䣬ŭ֮ϡ
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ֻ飡һڤħӦŹֱײַĴŸͣŮһۣɽûлͷ
ַƵͷƤ飬ײнƻĹŮǳεüħеħͷûԣ֪Ӧ׷ȥɵŮʱ졣
ü͸ĺڤħӵµĵЦֻӣǽ˻мơ԰յĹЦƮȻȥˡ
ַòľЩħ£ȻĪ⣬һ󣬴ɫߣ׷Űħк¥ķɽȥ
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ҹĸˣ֪жٰȥӦǣֻҪһСģκһϣɾˡ
׷Űħе˽һƬɭ֣˰Σӣǰһ޴ĵǧʯ׾ڽŵףĵڷһֺڳģ͸Ѫζ
ַû˿ԥż̤˵
ƻٿ
ַһֻһλŮӣַĿһɨΪΰħеһҹԽǰһλˣ
ַ΢΢ıһתһͿ֪Ϸ˭𣿡
ҹǰ书ȻȴҵȴˣֻżȻ·ѰҪȰǰԶ룬򽫾ޱҪԹ
ַЦƫаҪԿﲻϷ˵մҡھŵһǣѰһǽ
ҹǱſڣںڰ֮Уŵſڣϰڽ˺ڰ֮Уǿ㷢ʹ
ֻͤͤıӰʹ˸еزɲ⣬ݳ
ʼûתǳ̾Σ֮ʣûȤȥַֹ

ʱӤűŮӵĲҺţַ֪Ū֣ëȻķӦеаҲ֮һͨ
ҹȴţȻôƽ̬
ħ仯Ӻǰ䣬Ʈ޶ɼڵĹ㳡߿ɹȺţѷߣŹ֡
ǾƺȻ޵ظǧĲӰɱ̡
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ַʱһ˿ڵƽԶȻңɴľ룬Ծ۹Ťɲ̶ǵأܰκûϢľκˡ
ҹȴһҶûСۣʱ䱻ǽ˳ףܰȻַ࣬෭ǧؾˣΪ״ĳ֮ͨʵԾ
ְյһȫµľ磬ҿΪרᣬ²㡣


975 ħ
ٴȫҹеҹһλŮƽϣȴޱȵĶˣû˿ᡣ
סˣֱ׳ֻسӯ˶Ͼ
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ҹͼ٣βһλҹڴ˹λǰɼݡ԰գеƻٿҹ
ǹĺХ;죬ױŷнֵȻʱôͻأ
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ҹԾУĿȴַУ¶һ˿֮ɫһ߽ŴŮʱͷɢɫ԰ףʲŽʱ˰
ҹлǰתŮʲŽ֣ѱλǰˣٳǿˣʵ̫߰ɣٿֲ
Ů첻Ƴ˾һǵַһۣ˭
ҹ֪
ʱħǵκƵΰ׹ǰ˻˹ڵΪѾͷʲôı£ԭֻǸѾͷֻϸͷӣжٽѾڱ˼С
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ŮһĽЦħϴ󣬷İɣλǰħ٣һΪ̽
ħе˵У˻Ϊôϣ
Ůʼǵ˼йһּȣʱѰ·ŷΪôװ׶
ַʱʼ֪ԭЩħǵжߣѹҪħˣ԰ħôµħηηβ֪ħôһˡ
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ַʱˣڶԷ˫Ŵصͬһɲǣ͵ħԵĿͶЦСڿ𣿡
ħȻʶַ۾ƬκüͷͷӵĿ󣬸˱ǷʸС
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һ˼һڴϷ֮ʱħ֮ħڳӣСһǻûг˵ϻϷѪڿͦ˳۵ģֻðˣְɣ
ħпδ˸˵һʱȻԶԣȻ۹ӦַǿĺǿĪ֮ƥеƣ岻ʹʩɱ֡
ЦԶЦЦħǶұ֮ѵΪСڶǰħƣˣ˺ɱҪͷڡȻ¥Ū
Ůɫħôģһаʰˣ
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ͷǺηʥҺڤħ֪Զڤħ֣̤ߵֱŮԣݺݵŮһۣӰħ
ħкЦøڤħȻ޳˺ڻ겻
ַȻѹŮɱڤħǺڤħʲôаƭǣϷħкŮĿϣħк¥Ů˶ܾˣЩа˵Ķթȷǳ
ҹǱԸû˿Ʊ£ûаϵ
źӰһ¥ִźޱضַеǰǷӦȽˣֵԼ˵ĶԹ˺пħģ


976 Ե
ҹһȣʱ˵ע⳶ȥصŮڻתˣħС¥ڤħŮ˵ĿһƳȫĿ޳ŵһϽСϡ
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ǰһڣ¶һµʯףԵַҹÿŵҹдɱơҹԾںڰĵصгľ飬ǰѸŲҫס½
ٶ༶ʯת۾ڽ£ҹһԾֿԲͣת׷ַӭħ
ַȥӳ£Ծǡһħұǡ񡱣ɴȵôһ£
ҹ΢Цħڱչأûմħ£ŵĸħͷħ磬ұħָʾƾһ֮ʰĸаڶ֣ȻаգһΪԸħô
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ҹʼǴ߲µ˭ϰ
ַ˼ɫ߿ûǰ¶Ӻοɲµң
ҹȻѩʱ˵£飬һ٣֪һЩġ
ַɢȥϵߣЦԭ˽ݣоôμҵġ
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ַеԲȣȻҿɱħģʲôġ
ҹϸڵĶӦó֪֮㲻Ǽ֮ͽԷģɱħģҲֻΪ粻սԾǻˡ
ذħڴСˣҹҪͷǣһãܡ
ڤħŭС˾üȻƭǣȻħչأû˭ܻס㣬ʶģ͹Թ־ܣƺˡ
ҹȻ鵱Ȼбðɣ˳ٸǣħº󣬾ͻƹضʱܽȻ龻ڵħ棬͵ԷٶɣҪˣ
ַкƮڸĪĿռȥ
ҹĴ£ַһŴǧ򱶷䳲أ޶ǰֲٸڣ֧ӣ䶴ӣۣ棬жСͨԹ
ַҹһĶѨҪ˵ҹյߵҪ˵ħĺģ⣬Ϳܴ󣬷ὫԼ
ַëȻ⣺ΣգΪҪĪɣСΪħ𣬾뽫ҲҹʱѰ߽ƴ°ɲҪ˼롣
ַãȻͷڹĵķ㣬ֻתƻʲôħ棬ĸħͷǶƵģ
ҹԺĵΪħǵֶΣħħԼڵ֮ڱչ֮ʣĴͨħֲУԴǣǡɲ֪ǴȻħĿǣԲŸұħǿй壬ΪľǾ֮Ȼ顣˵ڴ촫ǰħе¶С
ҹתַӣַһɷͶͱʱҹԺִľ룬ı
ȴͻҹҰԼڵһֵڣħΪ󷨷ʱĽƾͲṥˣȻᶯʱַпЦͬʱΪЩ˼
ҹҪħĺĵضΣǸʱ򣬾ħ鲻ܽɱǣҲס꣬ȵħ֮գʱǵڵˣ㸺ˣ󷨣𣿡
ʱ˿ַ̣˵ЩʲôֻõȻһнԸ


977 սħͷ
ҹǺãھͿ󷨣δ꣬һűķɫͷףԺɫΪǳơػơơʯ̶ɫ䰵˫ĿʱʱΪģ֪󷨹ԼûӰ졣
ʱҹԵȫѡλã˶๼ļаɱһ˶ðһ㣬־顣Ȼ㲻սһᷢɱ󣬷Ŀռ䣬ͬھΪ㱨𣬼һΪӪ͵ϮĻᡣ
иԾɱĴ󣡡ַдȥֻҹâ˸Ȼ𾴵ʥɹ⣬Ȼ䣬ַȫԼĴﳤɲջ¡
ҹΪһеЩϲɵһ䣬¶һɫһۺ󣬲ŽʲôҲ㣬įģ԰գַٰһۣתƮһѨȥ
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ǰħе˻мƿԶЩַУַһȫȫ⣬ֻһ;ѵ͵Ϯʱ
ʱħһ˵ƿ֮ţͨڶ࣬͸ʯײһ𣬱Ŷػ죬ʹոأɱҲŨˡ
ʱһɵѪַ֮΢΢һȻ˸ղٵȻ飬Ϊȥڵħ棬϶ּң޲ˡ
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ɱôྫˣַôľŽôŹǡԣַ΢΢һ漴䵭дʲô⣡
Ƕħұۣħغзշǣԡҹͣ˰ΣŵԣûеõħָʾǰǲӦɱǣ
ߣֻħѣҵģȻҪǣҲˡַʣЦҪΪڽħľУħԸңܻʧġ
ǧ룬ǣҲֻǲðնѣƼеħͷǿܶʹûħ󷨣ʱƴͬھҹδꡣ
ַֻˣҸΪְô룬Ҳңھپɱħͷڴˣǻǳȥ°ɣ
˻߰ɡҹ˵ͷħͷһⶴһۣһַͬһĴܽУħҹŵȻһ޶ţħȴǲֹһ
Ĵ֮Уҹ޳Ľë΢΢գţȻ֮вȱţħ츳ԳƵǰ޹ˣߣƾ磬ʮ죬ʮ磬Ϊħʷħʮ꣬Ϊֹͣǰȴбչز֮ʣǿһȫµľ磬ħûе֣ճһħ𡭡ֽӵϢħԭĻͻơ
ôǿ⣬ַ侲Ҳɫ΢䣬š
ûҪƭ㣬˵ҪħеħͷħԸ㣬ûҪˣħУȡʤĻ֮١ҹҡҡͷЦ
⻹鷳ˣûħȻôַ̬ͷЦħеĸһǶҡҵģⷬˡŶˣħҪºųôʲôַȻʵ


979 
ֻƭĸħͷġҹЩεҡҡͷʵϣҲ֪ħʲôʱأ˵죬Ҳ˵ꡭ
ַüͷһô֮һսǲɱ⣡
˵罫ħǼһϵϽȥˣǲ£ҹĿ΢΢תȻЦˣ˼һҪллˣ
Ϊ¥㲻лл㣬ȴΪħлңǲֻ˫΢΢üַƵĵΪħΪĶӣ׷Źң
Ǻǣҿû˵ħǼһҲǸţȮӣ˻治٣ֻǼһʱҪ˼ңҲΪ㽫ϵϽȥ֮£лл㡣ҹü΢壬ŵ㲨ħչأħǼһᣬȻħǰ磬ħļƻȫˣʵǿɶ񡭡
㿪ڱտڶħҲײġַӣȥҸطϢһ£ħͷЩϺзӦѲסġ
ˣϢɣҴ꾫º㡭̸꣬ҹǳǳһЦ΢΢֣һŮͻȻһȵ˳ŮһЩ飬չӣԶս֮ض˹ȥ
ԸԼҪ¶˲źáַЦʼ򣬿ҹӰʧ󣬲תλŮ˴֮ڡ
λŮ£ַһ֮УɨһַۣȥַıӰʧڷУŮЦʧһһբϢ¡
Ȼת˴ʱ֮һɴŮͻȻתբôˡ
ŮͷӦûо˶ҹСĵĺܣ벻ǻҹСְֻС£֪ˣӦô죿
ɴŮһ㶮ʲôǹѾͷȻħ𣬽ħĵħ֪еܵˣǻǣھȥ󷨣ǼС
ǡ
ɴŮüʲô£
ŮǼԭҹСԸ˵ģǾôǷˣ˵ֵûֺαˡ
ɴŮЦǺɫֵĸǸöߣֵһҹֽţҾ֪ﵢȥˣҹ˵Ǽ仰֪ҪֳֵģǾ޿ˣ£ֻҴˡ
ϽЦҲûССǽ˺ˣҲͿΪԼҹСأ
ɴŮЦ֪ͺáֵһУ˭ħĶ֡ϽȥɣŮ˵ͷæˡ
ۿŮʧſڣɴŮǷһ˿Цݣ㻨ĵĽС㵹Ҫ㻹ô԰գѰһξ
һŮȥ˿С㣬ѷˣǡһ仰δ˵꣬ƥĽѻ˹ŮС㣬㡭
죬λɴŮѶָƣҪ㣬ǽѵˣһֻδ˵꣬Ѳʺ
ѪɼѩǽϣĵƵģɴŮŮʬЦһû֪ˡ˵ףŮ꣬ѱʬҲЩ
һᣬһѻʬ廯Ϊҽ뿪
ʱַڵңľ£Сɡ
⿴ǼķӣЩŴԱߵĲ輸ӡܣ˵ʲôԾַ֮ҲǺúüһ
Ȼ䷿ӳС֮⣬˿ַÿˡոµģģͷǶëģģ裬ģģǸɾģϸµġ
ÿúܣûжû塭ַǲġţľƳɣûʲôرǽǽҲģʣֻǼͨӣǺ˵
Ҫߣʱ߳ȥ
ַڷˣЩЦԼĶģԼǿ壬ͱضǰȫģ˵ҲҹȻΪħµģҲӦûк֮⡣


980 ݻ
뵽ľɳˡǡоһŨصƣ֮⣬̡֫ղĴħͷίʵ˲ȻҲἱҸطϢˡ
ůĴ˿̶ίʵ̫գܿܣҲ뿹ܡϴ̶ȵڤ֮СҲ֪˶ãͻȻڤоѡ
ֻһġꡱǷ˾䣬ɳһԾ𡭡һǰƽ͵ģ˿ı䣬ԻľףЩ֡
ģͷϸ룬ȥҲ벻ҹʲôҪĵطһҲ벻벻ҹȻẦɲܱ֤ȥ
˿̣ȻЩƣǻָ˴룬֫鶯磬ûҲ裬ûжļ
ˣȻǰȫúܡǣᷢ˾סЩ֣ЩҲЩЦ
ʱͻȻһ
죬ȴʮ֣ǲʳɣҶǷ紵֣һʱ䣬治ʲôҲʱֻͻȻȣƣǰһɲǡ
ΪʲôʲôַѾб䣬һܳš
һ֮£ž˿δľţѱ淴סˡ
ֻǣľţܹصסַ
ַ΢΢ЦһȥһľˣţǴ򲻿ԭľţľ䣬ȴڵĸդľ䣬ȥãȻ
ַɫЩˣȴλţǷŤǸդһɺɫĻѵľ˽͵Ļƣúÿ죡
ַȻһ˼ΪͻȻܵգҲɵñǹɺڻƱƵú˼
ˡ
ַȻ֪ǻյֻ滹һĻ棬ҪһĻ棬κβɫĻ棬ȴһļµĸо
ֺɫĹֻƽǵһ棬ѽŶ
ַɨǽһۣһģʯǽڣĽһģҲˡǽڼ䣬Ҳڵĸդһ̾˽
ǸդȴղƲġԸդĹȴ޷ԸդӳȥûκһԸդӳȥֻդ϶֮䣬ᷢĳصڵĹ
ַ޷йǾ˼ǵĶƣ޷Ķƣȣûһܷºûһӱܡ
һʹʵСӳ˵ȵĵ
ַŵȴ亹Ȼǻ˫ȻѲ֪˶ٴһߵΣʱ˿̣ȴҲ벻κ֮ƣۼֻб
ЩդҲ֪ʲôģʱĹȻҲٲĪɣҲģַֹǰĹؼ̵ĳ̶ȣֲľˡ
ʱӶûûַ֮ءһϮʱַܳܵˣʱһϹľ֮ҪΪҽ
һ֪˶ã֮ڼ䣬ַȫû춯ĪϢˡ
ãһƮỽַַûӦһƮݵͻȻӰƮƬ𺣾þò
á
һŮӵ̾ȥˡǰڹгֵǸŮͻȻҲƬ
ǰǸŮĵֻ¡δء
ŮӵȻԶ㲻ģοҸûԼҲ֪ɣԷһвҪķ
ǰŮӵûҲûк
ŮЦˣֱʱҲϽгġ˵ŮӾȻ̾Ϣһһ̾ϢĴĵġ
λŮӵڣԽˣô
Ůԥһ󣬿ڵٵȵȡκַϢûˣһֹͣ˺ʧȥϵϢȻˡ
ŮƵַôⲻܹңֻܹԼΪʲôҪħ磬úôţǺܺôȻˣȴȻŵҪĶࡣ


981 
ͻȻƵԶԶЦλֳȥʵǴһħأ͡԰գһϮǳ
Ůתͷɨһۣڵǽ㶪ȥħҲ˵ʲôġ
ЦȻȻֻ֪ӦòôɣҶûʲôطԲסǡ
ŮӵַҲûʲôطԲסǣ෴жһǶ˻Уɴ˿ɼŮ£ûеɽġ
ƺٺٸɵµҲϵúܣйǵ£һҲδ˵ȻҲֱղ֪ħ֮ŮǷǳˣȴ֪˵ģҲ֪ҹС㶼Ǹ
Ůסڣϣ˿̻ܻô
Ƶǣǣϣϡ
Ůӵ֪ΪʲôҪɱַ
Ц£Ī⣬ܲµģֻ¿ɱַĺܡ
ŮҲ¸㣬ΪԼʲô˶ɱġ
ƸЦ֮£¶ѾˣҲӦòüƽ˰ɣұͬΪħ𡭡
Ů߳סڡ
Ƶǣڡ
ŮӵҼûɱ㣬㻹˵ʲô
Ƶֻǣڹﲻ֪ɷϨǺڻ棬߹ȥҲַʱǺģЦﱾи⣬ַ˺ϲ֪ûǼ΢Цµ治ϧһ֪Ĵ𰸣Ǽһ΢Цʵ̫ɶˡ
ŮĬȻãڻϨ𡭡䣬һݺύĻʧˣе漣˽Ϣ£˾ĺ棬ʧ
ɵûճϺɫжҲΪ˻ҽֻ˵ⶫˣַַû
ǻúõվҲվȻǴǼ΢ЦЦñƽʱˣֻǴʱȫ¾Ÿ񣬵ȻȴûɵģͶ
һɫĻ棬ڲϵķǸ
ԶԶվŵĶƣҡ
ӰӰҲһǸŮӵиһ˿
ַЦǧǣһʧȻݶʼ֮ʱҲǽºûȴ֮ʣ¾֮ʡ
ŮӰڲַ㡭ħֱˡ
ַЦȻħ磬ħǺƽĴڣȴֻԸΪˣӹĿתƣЦ˵ҲͬС
Ƶȿȡȿȡ
ַЦƣǧã򲻸ãԶδȷǷʱ㽫ϨˣǿҪùˡ
ƸЦܵʲôùĪɣھɣֻҪ㲻ٴڻ㡣
⻰Ȼ˵֪ôģֻ˵ԼҲţַҪûİգ;Բųݻһ㣬ġ
ʱƽĿͶλŮӣǿʲô⣬ʱ۹һλŮڵַһۺֱƿնȥˡ
΢΢һ䣬һںڰеŮҲβȥһ
ַȴȥû¶ʲô֪һ㡣
ȻҲ֮ززַĳޣʵڲԸᣬ΢΢һҧЦԡ䵽ϣǰһ
ַͻȻЦ±ҲǸˣ֪ȴδöôЦͻ٣ĿӶƣʱٲûߣ֮ʣӦ֪ʲô
⻰Ʋס˽Ų
ַӵ㲻֪ʲôֻҪûһգʱһãͻôǰܻٵЩդҪٵȴ׾١
ĬȻΣ¶ɭɭ׳ݣ⻰ƭõˣȴδƭĵ£ҶƵĽ֮
ַЦѵ벻ͨôЦԽʣӵ¸ղΪ˵ڻǽȫĵ߰˰ˣûлָǰôƿŮӾǿһ㣬ųҹδ֮ʣӶˡ
ɫ΢΢ˣȻЦ˵ʵ治ھȻδ¡
ַؿڵһ仰δ˵꣬ͻȻƮȫһţҰɫ˿̱ĸǿɲ䡰һ죬鲻Խһ


982 ħ
ַĿйâϣʵ㣬ʮϢ֮䣬ҾͿɹȵʱֿɲѰĹˣֱӻ˰ɡ
ƱտڲĿ⣬ҲעַĿԣ˭Ҳգһգ۾ַĿеĹâޱȵ侲ޱȵļᶨš
Ҳ̲ס¶֮ɫͬʱҲһϢϢϢϢ
ȴַ΢΢ЦѾϢˡ˵ֵ꣬˶һۣϺףȻŬƣַܾЦϢˡƻûжַͻȻ콣Цʮ֪Ϣֻûڡ
ͻȻһӶٽֱڿն𣬼֮ӱʧ⡣
ַŶԶȥӰЦڽ쵰ˡ԰գͻȻڳ亹૲ҺǼһﵨС򡭡򡭡
ˡδˣͻһЦ֮ԿдЦ֮УӰһһ˹ַЦѡ
ַɫұ䣬ָŶƵ㡭ô
ֻƴЦֹȻǧǣһʧǧ㣬ȴδ͵͵һʶԾԶȥˣһһԶɿġЦٴˣ㻹ʲô˵
ַ̾ϢһĿ
һ˹ЦΪУ˵ĵĺܣ½ֻԺҲܰˡ˵һ䣬ߵַǰЦơ
դ֮ϣЩʱͻȻ˻֪δˣ֣ڶƷֱ۵һɲ֮䣬ַͻһѿס˶Ƶȥ֡
仯Ǵ֮⣬Ƭ֮ŭ弸󣬸Ŀɿڴ˵
ַվֿסĳ΢΢ЦһŶδ뵽ɣդȻѱ飬ȴȻԸڵĹ
ƶ֮ϣһӿ֡
ַŶƵӦ֮ǰ˵Ļûһƭ˰ɡ
ƵʵζΪΡ
ַЦһҪϴһ棬Ҫֶ֣ʵʮգܻ㣬Ҳδܽס´˷֮ؽѶҺ޷֮ģҳ䲻⣬Ȼ֣ȻǶ㲻ģɾɵ£ֺαȥǸûȤ
ƴ˰Σ̾ϢһҶƽַĽɫϣҲ㲻ԩȻңͶҪ˿ֻ˵ɡ
ַЦ˾ෳȽ򿪣ⶫҪƿҲҪȥǿħ±ضм
˿ȫַƣûа취ֻÿַ󣬲ת߰ɡַҲ¶ʲôǰ棬Լں󷽡
ǵȻ߳ƬʱǶƵˣţַҲˣΪ˿̣ɭ֣ѳһƬ𺣣Ʊַ֮ǰǷеĻ֪׳˶٣Ҳ˶١
ֻĴǺŭ
ַȾʧɫô£
ҲƼãǵˡ
ַ㣬ô¡
ƴ˿ƺ˵ֻʲôǶӳ˵ȻȻˡ
ַ΢΢һɣڿն𣬿ɴ˿ϣǵ¶ûסˣԻƲðȻȥֻѡ
ƵǶˮ߰ɣ԰գַһˮ̶Աߣʱˮ̶Ѹ˴룬ɴ˿ɼôҡ
Ҳ˲࣬˵ˮУַҲֻ˽ȥ˴̶һ֪˶ã˷׷״ðͷ
ʱǻ𺣣ֻϪˮд󲽶Уʱ󡭡ľéݣѻ档
һӳϪˮҲӳա
Ļ棬ʱƮ䵽СϪУˮҲ
ַӶ콣ȿ·һһ磬Ϊǣ컨꣬Ʈ䵽ˮ֮С
ޱѤޱ׳۵ľȻеַͶƣȴ˭Ҳ͡


983 ѩ֮
һУнϢ֮ŻȴϢһȻʬȼš
ַʮֲ⣬ü૵ô¡ĸħͷһô£ҹֵȥˣôĪǾʲôǿдˣĪǡͻȻСϪһ
ţһ˵ԻеСϪ֮С
ַ첽Ϲȥ˵ӣֻȫջ٣Ҳѽȫȼһͷе̷ҲѷٽΨĿϡɱ棬˺Ȼѩ硣
ַһʧѩ֡Щ
ѩ磬ַûһȻѣſ˫Ŀʧ˰Σŵ֣֡㡭Ҳΰɣ
ַңַѩ֣㡭ıģ⾿ô£
ѩȻˡʲôˣֻҲ֮ԣΪʲô磬ĲҿͲᷢˣȴǵĹǶΪʲôҪǳ˶֣
ַȻˣ˭ȫµĶ֣
ѩ˻˶񶾵ˣħ˭֪ΪʲôͻȻ䣬ƹضǾ壬˵ͳַٵǵȻǷų˹ħǸħͷǴɱǵˣ
ַʧħôСôˣ
ѩҲҲˣȫˣħ˵㹴ᣬҪħ磬һֶԸˣֻһʣһʲôã
ַɫұ䣬ѩ֣㲻ģ
ѩȻһЦǲ΢ֻ
ַΪ֮ȵѩ֣ã㻹ҪѪôܾˣ
ѩ૵𡭡𡭡ôĻ𣡺úݣöħ棬ҵҲٽҲپħ𣬺úݣһҺڣһͦҲܶˡ
ַˮУɻƮѩʬϣѩɢǷκҩΣʱַĳ˷ŭΣЩħҲƮ䵽ķϣͷȴûȥᣬĿҲȼŭ
૵ѩ羹ħ֣֮ɾħ֣ΪʲôҪ´˶֣Īαչ˲ӣҪմ龫ܸ֮ԭ
ַгݵΣҲŲ
㲻ܷŹˣֹħ𡭡λŮܷŹôĴħͷܷŹôΣ˿Ҳֻűˡ
ַһȵַ췢ģħΪҵ£ųֶԸ壬ΣҲҪħֻѪծ֮Уǰȥ
񣬵ȴһʱ֮䣬ȼˮټħַǿˣҲնһ˿һǵƿճȥˡ
ǣַŶ߳˻ߡ棬ѱһ޴ɽ֮
˵ɽӴܲԣǱӳɳɫȴϢ⣬ΣѹȥˣƽڵϣסϢŴϢӶҲίʵԸˡ
ַҲЩǱȴʢƵĴϢδƽѴվ߰ɣ
ƵվھҪҵҲվ·ˣ˵ħǰʱһҾʮҲġ
ַҪߣҪߣ
ЦΪʲôҪĻʵ㣬ɱңҲΪħǿ
ַȻֻҪҼħұ㡣
գգ۾Цħ𡭡±ȥɣħ𣬾Ĳҿ¾ҪֵʨˣҲ治֪ħںδ
ַͻȻЦһǰһס½󣬽Եŭ˵ʲô
ѹ˵ʲôֻ벻ɣΪԼ壬ֻҲǿԲġٺ٣ҲҡңΪΣҲ˵ģ
ַͻŭΪ죬㡭㾹׽ŪңãԸҪڡ֮£ҲֻѻˣϣҴûûо֮£˵һԣͻᾫ꾡ʧȥֻصĻᡭ


984 ǰħ
Ƶ㡭㡭Ȼϼ޻ƵƼַ˷ŭ̬֮һ仰Ҳ˵ˡ
Ӳŭˣŭǿ¡
ַ˻ڱƭңҲͰˣ¡¡
ͻȻ䣬һֻƣᰴסͷһϵſɣ
ַ֪ڴˣûлͷֻŭſȻץס𣿡
͵ٴεȻƭ㣬ҲΪãΪʱ㣬ԶħĶ֡
ƸϽеѽôΪҪôܶ𱨡
ַƽɡ绺ӵǼŵħȥҴȥǱĶࡣ˵ȴְַ˵ʵħʥŮҲ֪ħʲôطֻթһթˣ
ַ̾Ϣһȫſ֣ȴֱɫ磬ˣҪȥħֻҲԻˣǣ壬㡭
絭˶һ۵Ҳȱ𼱣һͬȥħǸȫõˡ
ƵǣұǸõˡ
Цõˣ̣ռ䡭Ǵˣ㲻룬ȫãô
Ʊվӣ˿֡ۡȥҡ
Ц˵㲻˽ԸǽԼϵˣҲԲüͷοǱˣ֮ǰЩҲֻǴ˿̵֣Ż㣬ƽʱΪƭù
ͻȻ£磬ҵĺ磬ҰɣһͬȥħǻóôΪԼˣԹ޻ڣȴʲôҲΪ
ͬȥھͻˡ
Ʋ㣬Ӧ֪һֱϲ㣬ٰİ㣬㣬ôͬԸҡ˵˵ţ£ʹ
˵öô޵öôģȴֻĵҲǷЦݡ
޴˵˵ޣֱһʱ
Цݵ״ĩı
ͻȻһĨᣬѵ޷ģ
Ц㲻ԡʱˣһԾ𣬺ãøĺݵǣҾһ˰ɣ͸ˡ
Ƶ·;ȴúܣһ·ϣѰŻˣҲеڶΣ纬ЦؿڵģֻҪӵˣ㱾£Ҿ㡣
Ƶã̧ͷ󲽶ȥɲǼ䣬ǻ˸Ƶġ
ַһҲ޳ܵˣڱ仯Ҳڴˡһۣ̲ס߹ȥл
һۣ龺̱ˣǷЦݣȴʧֻлôЩֲΪġ
ַһ㡭
ħֻΪлϴξ֮ǰ˵ݶ飬һҸỹģ⣬ҺҲûʲôĹϵ㲻лңҲл㡣ͻȻŤתӣŶȥ
ַڵأЩЦã˰ΣΨпЦֻڱ仯֪˱ñȶƸףα仯ԲӦ䣬õķӡ
ַ˵Уǵù͸Ȼʹ˻ӲˡҹƼ붨ˣֻҪһվ۾Ҳ˿
ǾͺһεӣסĽƵģֻҪΪһַʱͲ
峿Ҫ֡
ȥɣ
Ƽ羹ĩвϲУߣ֪粻ַȴƫƫ̧֮ʳ֣ƫͷ֣ЦЦôʱַȫָ˹
һ侲ǰĻıԸȻӿͷʱƹҪԶ·Ȧӡ
ַͻԶ·ȦӣɾܣӲ˵ģαزǿȥʱӣ˭
˰£ʵַĥĲˣŷˣЦλҵСڣҶƴûзˣ˷


985 ռ
ַЦ˵˵֪жòŵħ
Ƴ졭໹졣
ַħǴʲôĴڡ
ֳһ˿صЦݣ˿ʲôҲĪҪϣĪҪȥ룬Σħʱܻһˡ
˵תߵ·ߣĬȻΣڡħضΪˣʧˣģǷûΪʲôҪܵȥ֣ˣôɷǡ
ַ̾˵ˡ㲻ңҿҲȥģΪħ磬ʶʵڲ࣬Ҹ˴·ֻҲֻˡ
ͻһЦСȴǸ·ĺѡʱҹ˾
˵أħһɽߣɽ֮⣬һƬҰ֣ҵģï֣ܵ©ǹ⣬ЦԺڰдġ
֮󣬱ɽ͡ɽĴ塢ҰꡢҹⱾ㹻ʹκѰЦɭĿοЦʹһ˵ĺ⡣
һܵǰ棬ڵǡʲôˣɫˣҲˡ
ַȴ΢΢Цʲôˣ㻹²
Ƶ˭˭
ַħУ㻹
йЦãȻҪħ鷳ˡ̶ЦУһ˻⵭ǹ£˿һĹ
ַħУЦãСүҲǡ֣ȴСָסˣ
ħشЦҲôϴҪ͵Ϯô¥ҵ㣬ߣߣҲٻˣ
ߣɲҪ˵̫ͷŶԴİħУַüһЦص
硢ƣħȰǻǱ˻һҪ֪壬ַȥôǽľأΪԼ壬ǻǶ࿼ǰɣħƳһַˣĿת磬Įĵ
ħУ̬ˣЩħͷһ˽ô뿪ַӪһȡʤģӦñ˰ɣ缥
ʲôǽ㴦˰ɣȻŮ֪ڡӰһŮǰ棬Цһ˫һգɫǹŨϢ֡
ڤǸС˵ôûַƲһЦ΢գ콣ܲϡ
С֣㾹Ȼӡñ䵽Уħϻˣɱ˵أġַһ䣬ڤǿ˹Ŵ˴İħеŭ
ħɫɭȻĶһַȻĿע£ݺݻ£ɱɭȻ̺ɱõÿе綼Ϊ֮һ
ɻĿУһ֮ӡƾճ֡ӡٶԽԽ죬գ֮󣬾ȻֻܿһƬӰ׷ɣַƳƳԶİħУˣĪɻ
ڰħеУҲǵˣЩӡ΢΢ͣƬ̺˻ƵӰħпд֮ʣһȦصĹ͵бһ㣬ɢ߾ͷ
֮жͻأʧ
λսǻģɭһЦħеʧŮӰҲʧڤ䶢ַһۺ󣬲ͻأʧ
ַ˾ɻ֮ʣâٴǰľѾȻת䡭ããɽ˾޴ĿյأңԶܿһӴЩֲĲ֮䣬Ĺ˿˿׹ϣȻС
ַãȻӣתͷӡеģһ޴ɫ֣֮Уɢ޴ϢϢʹǸǿȫһҲ֮
ӭǿԳΪ֮򣡡ַãȻ֮ʱһЦȻ쳹ء
ͻȻֵַ΢΢ɻĿΧǹɭɭĻɨֱУħǵЦ֮󣬷Żع
Ǽһռ䣿ƾ㵵ĵ
񡭡ռûộ˵ǼһҲûʵַҡҡͷֻǰץץȴֻ˺һѷ졣
ⶫʲôϢôأᡣԶռΪӴĹɭ֣ü
ַЦҡҡͷŶͷ֪ΪʲôиĪͷѾħˡ˵ȴԳȷϣﲻħ磬أ


986 վ
Ī̾һַ̧ͷȴǼҲһĹŹ֮ɫɵһ㶣ɫ䣺ǲҲͷɣ
ȷܹ졭ҲͷŹֵĵ˵ͷƿ˿ַ֮󣬾ȻҲ¶ͬı顣
ַ΢ţɫطȷܹŹˡ֮䣬ЩĬַ֮ųһֱȥǰ취һȥ̽̽ɣ
šŶˣǺһ𣬻Ƿɢߡ۾Ȼһ飬˵ҪԸַֻһˣҿɲһ
ߣ˵⻰ֻѾˣԣһߵҪΪħͷȥħУɱǣеЩƻɣ
⻰Ƶص˵ͷҧºˣ˵ܴħ¶ˮҿΣҪˡȭͷգɫѿ
ˣҲԹˣҪ·Сүͽˣǻ۵õ˵ַ͵Ļ˻̧֣ߵľͷһƬڣҾȻʶҲ̽ⲻһΡ
ַܵͷƣüѯʵ̽⵽Щڰĵ𣡡
УЩڰĵطЩŹ֣ʶ첻ȥҡҡͷ
ģҿǧɢˣ̾ϢҡҡͷͷĲԽԽŨһӣǰȥַһۣ˭û뵽Ȼ顣
ɾʱǰͻȻƮһź΢΢һ䣬ѾǰƵ֮ʱѸ󣬽ܵ·סˡ
ǣһǰһ󣬶Ȧ˺֮Уһ󷭹˶ʱ˿羪֮ʱȴͻȻߡ
ʱɫȥƤµתĬ˲һ̹򡭡Ȼ䣬뵽ʲô飬㱣̧ͷ죬˸ڡ
һʱӰζǺɫ½ݹޱȣûϢһ͹ڶǰ龫ת
ɻ󣬺Ƶ˭֣
⻰һ䣬󺧵ǰͨϢ⽫ģ
ʣû˵ֻ俴ܵĺ˵Ļػһ˲ǰħл
һתԭ˼ңɣӦվ𷽲תгȻ̳һ˺ģ·봩ֽ͸ĶҽжûüС
˼״ߣһӣ⣬жˣ¡Ѫͷ䣬ˣޱȾޱȡ
һԲЩ˵ʬ嶼ٽ󣬴ѳƣһ׸磬ǿߣٲһҲˣ
ĪɫޱȣȻǶǶЩħе˶ģһѿڵƻ߻ģʱİħǲҲˡ
ɭɭǻ쵰òҪټħУʼΪ˵Цû뵽ȻŰħУ˽³ֶԸңߣߡ˵ղ磬첽ǰ
߳һ̣ʵַȥɣ
ߵҸƨħħͷֶԸձӿСˣߣȥ˻ֻǰ׷ǳᣬɣ
ЦַҪô׾ɱˣҲˣ㲻ȥȥ԰գ˺֮С
ƽ²ͣԥݺһҧ磬ôԽҪģӵһħеҲĵط˵ȴ׷
ͷһ΢΢һЦͷƣⱲѵ£һ
һҪ༥һԾЦ˵ǣƣٺòˣ㣬ǰħ׷Ҳɻظ˼ˡ
ɲǼ䣬ƻѪҺƳһ㣬˫źƶӣڵϣҲɫұ䣬ֻǰ·Ӱһħб˫֣Цң
ƸЦһɬ벻ôˡ
ħЦЦ˵벻ĳȴ뵽ˣСޣŲţ


987 Զ
Ƴһס񣬵˼㣬Ҷ壬˵㵽£ȴǲš
ħ΢΢һЦǰ˵ЩټúкҾ֪طħ£ȴϲ˿취ȴ֪ɱˣ϶ҲµĽƣֻҪ˻ţĳұܸ֪һЩסˣҲˣС쵰һĳʱ֪췴ˡ
̾˿ħдЦģޣĳĴԹˡ
ƿЦҶƵ˵زָֻһ棬硣
Ц㻹ǹԼɣҵ»
磬ǺαˡƿЦ
ȵС£ķݶ̶̧ͷħħķϣϣ󣬲ҪΪڵĲ䡣
ħдһۣЦǲ֪Ĵħ֮УҰħôھȻ飬뻢ıܳɹ΢΢һ٣ֵֻҪַС־ܣұһ
־ŭѿڵɡ
ȴһ֣ʲôһ
ħеȻȫ컯
ƳĬΣЦħһԲ΢Цעӣƶһϲģ֪ΪʲôҪ˵ôϻ𣿡
ħɭЦҵ֪֮ǲʵֵģΣҲҪһ¡
ٺ٣Ȼ֪ˣٲãСүҪˣƹЦЦȫȻһһ˫ȭȼܻ˰ħС
ȻģҲϲ˹״ǰҪֹǰӰһΣħȻһӣӿӲ˻ȥƶһƣһ΢΢ЩȵĿ˶һۣ󵹷˹ȥ
ʱѴӵվǰԮȴƵǰΪ֪ħеȼ֮Ҳֻħƴ˸ƾУħн֣һв֮ǡ
޺޶һ½ţƻ⣬Ҳ΢΢ЩżͬʱҲڴַϣܳȣҪȻ֮ǰҲ˵ôϻʱˡ
ƻԽԽСʱһͷ𻢣èС֪֮վ֮ʱǰħг֮ʣҲǱ֮ʱ
˾ȣû뵽СӾȻĽʱԼֵزħĵ֮ʱ΢΢̯˫֣һõڳɫĿֲƣĴɢ
ҰǶ˰ɣһڵܹˣ촽ħЩʵĶƤĶơЦ
һг΢΢ֱָħУ˵ƨˣػɳɲ֮ٱ̬Ҳɱҡ
Ǻǣػֻǻ˵⡭͵͵ЦЦħŤŤԴһѣ¶ɭɭݣֻ룬Ҳֳ飬һһɣػûЧ
˵ħ΢գɭȻЦʱѵռ̣
ͫȻһһƾķ֣Լα̣ڱڵȻҲڴ˿̣ͻأľֹ
Ǻǣ֪Ϊʲô˵ôϻôҪΪ˶ɵӣƣֺûУŶͫеľħ΢΢һЦһգһ͸Ķиֶ
̤ŲħڶƵע£ߵǰĻеĶ̽¶΢Цһжˣ˵ôķϻӵʱ䣬ռȥɣжлȻһתɭĵ棬ŶƵĲӣն¡
ڰħû˿֮ĶƣԶͬɫұ䣬ƺѾܵǼ籡ĳѪˡ
ڵƲӽ֮ʱ޵Ŀռ䣬һϮȻ֣һֻ紩˿ռ谭صĲ˰ħЩʵ֮ϣӴľֱӽһ߷˳ȥ
ȥģôƨŸƨУַһϮ۹ھδĶԸ֣䵭áõƬռ
ħһǱƬֹ̺ס̧ͷųڶԵַͫ͵һôˣ
ַĻһֽţڵգգתͷЦԲˣռҷЩ˿϶ˣԶ㡭


988 Ҳϵ
ٺ٣㾹ȻˣǱͲˣͷҲصַħ˫ƻӳ׺ĳȰ׹⣬ǵصĳַ˹ȥȻתӡ
ߣŰħгˣַЦһ콣Ϊһ޴ĽӰ͵һɫ㣬һ˰ħ֮ϡ
ޱȵڶ̶˲䣬ʹðħеƣΪһƬ׹ǡ
ģϵľʹõðħбŭһһգһѹƾո֣ȻƲλݺ¡ƴ󴦶ѣİħУٴηӣģС֣ңգ죬һҪˣ
⼸Уӵħеĺ֮ʱŮڤħȻҲŭȴȰħַ࣬ǿƵ󣬲ûж֣֮ʱת񱼣
ǼʧںڰеӰӣЩȻƬ֮ѸٻعǶϵɢҡҡЩԴܵڿкȻѣַһۣĵʱϵҪˣ
ʱַͷһۣǵɫԵЩ԰ףǿҸطˣ˺ú󣬾Ҹطȥȥϵһַ֣ǿӶȥֻʣ顣
ʱһɭɭ֮С
ڤħҪǲ˵ַСΪʲôȻҵ㣡ɭɭɭ֮Уħıŭ
ͻȻô֪ĪΪǷĲɣħŮĿһһҲڰħУص
쵰ħƵģô׾СӸˣںˣֻҪСţǾ͵ųǿ񱩵عɣԼǹͺͺ󣬰ħͷŭӿ
ˣⳡսѾˡŮĮĵھ֣ҲַĶ֣ħڸڳǣԡ
ԣħڤħһŭһ䡭
ԣұ⡭ŮĻõ˰κ˵ĿⶼתƵϣüʵҪ˭ϣ
Ӧ˵˭Ӧ˵δӾŪЩϣŮɭȻЦݣͷ촽
վ꣡ħ۾һɣŭȵȱ˵ûħɣǲӦôˣҪȫЩҪٶʱ䣬ʱô
طŮ촽΢͸ɭԣҪ£³֮ôħʣҪ֪ЩΪħԼ׼ģðȻʹˣֻ³ܲŭ𡣡
ħ֣ħͷͫ΢ħкȻĳĬڤħһۣĵЩ֮˵ΪԽǵĴڣǿЩµ㽫ַСʰ󣬻˳İҲˡ
ڤħüͷ΢壬ӹâû˵ŮȴҲ˵ϻʱ䲻࣬ԼѡɣңַУ
ħгĬֻ֮úݺݵҧҧãһΣºð죬ȷʵΪħ׼ģðȻʹˣº׷Ҳһԣ˵ǻҪһˡ
ڤħĬΣüεĶǸ壿
ħкһȻǸСַһ𣬾忪ˣ˵ľӦòȾ
ɾʱֻһҽУ
վŮڤħİħȴĺ˳֮Уʹ־壬õŮڤħ̲סİĿ˵
ȴֻħбϣַЦͻȻ콣Ľħд˿ȴĵͷǴؿڴ͸һط⡭
ǺǣǸҪ翪ֻҪ±Ӳпˡַ΢Ц˿˿ɭ䣬΢紵ħͷĶС
㡭ôôܡѪ£ħмѵĲͷַǷӣг֮ɫôҲţַôͻȻһˣ⼸ǲܵ¡
Ҳʡڰħ³ֻѪ¡䣬Щ˻ƣħ˶ȫ뽫콣Ƴڣַ԰ѳֵ콣ԽԽԽ
ʱħ֮ˣַһЦƫͷԶɫ͵ĺڤħ΢ЦƺҲϵˡδ䣬ֻŮͻȻһŽڤħ˹תܡ


989 ħ
ģŮӣ㾹ȻңѾЩ͵ĺڤħʱһʣ޴֮䣬ֱֱַ˹ַ˲ڰħ콣֮ӭԼڤħŭһ䣬æˡ
ںڤħ֮䣬ħеʶַһУȫȥͬʱ壬Ҳ𽥵һħͷˣ
Щ͵ĶŰħѸʧȥ壬ڤͫһ˸˲֮󣬱ѿ˵ӣǹâȻǲ콣ǿ󷽿Ӷȥ
ںڤת񱼵ɲǣַе콣ɭȻѺݺݵļ֮ϡֻ͡һ䣬ֶϣѪ죡
󱳿¶ַ۱ǶϱۡҧǿֹסʹڤֱӱʣַЦһٴ׷콣ٴ˺ڤĺ֮ϡ
ֻ͡һһѪӺڤ˳ȴǽ͵Ŀһξ롭һƮѪ
Ϊʮȥ˾ţϣΪ֮žȻƴŶһۣԼȥ˲㹦ҲҪĺڤַɵһ㵣û׷ɱˡ
ںڤһΪѲƾ磬һҲָΪַһѶ˴ˣȻһԸ⸶ĴַҲ
źڤԶȥıӰַ΢΢̾Ϣһȥҵˣ˶ϢúٴǰС
һƬããֺ֮Уֻһ߿ι·ֺͬ˰ˣӶһ٣ͣϣĿ·ɨ
һַһһ͵Ķһλڼɽз촦ĵشȥ´һº󣬱ǽϡ
Ƭֱַ֮ӳɽмϣһɨֻɽİ£һûаͨɽȣ͸ֵڣҰС
建Ư£ַһǸңԶľ룬ȻܹᵽһŨ
൱ŨˣǸءַĿ¶ϲɽȣƫͷ˻˻֣Ȼųɽ֮ȥɾλ֮ʱ
һȷȴǼż񾢷磬Ȼַüͷ΢΢һ壬ָһһָⱩӶصǵӰײһ
ֻ£һǵӰһУæˣַһԭһͷͨڣ˫ħݣֻͷħȻַˣȴԸȥǻϣַ˷вļС
û뵽ﾹȻ˻ڵħݣѵ﷢ʲôʣ̧ͷħݣһҡҡͷһǻΪӰɽ֮ڱӶȥ
յħݣٶ˫۶ʱͨ죬˫һֱͦͦĶź󷽵˶
ëôĵС·̤棬üͷ΢壬һӣһâƿնݺݵͷħ֮ϣ֮ë˲١
ٴػͷħͻȻһ¸£ĲҽУŵ˫ˡ
ͷħݷߣַĿŻɨɽ֮УȻĿ⻹ոմɽȻͺһӰһͷͷͨڣ༫Ϊ׶һɢɷ֮ħӶת˲ǽַŰΧ
Ȼǻħޣǲħţܵʲôüͷ΢ŽԼŰΧɷħޣɻСɽЩʲô£
磬֪ôһôаɨӣѵٺЦħ޳ħ£Ϊ²Σ
Ŀ⵭ɨΧͣܵЩײеħϣüһһѹɢǱħޣ˺Ƭ̣ŷ͵͵ĺٶȿ˼һۣ˿ȥ
ЩħڷǰңͻȻõһߣѹ֮󣬲Ųĵȥ¿ûô򵥡ĿЩ˿ħޣȴЩɻĵ
ǰǴأֻڿȴǴ׵ˡַЦЦȻΪСɽͻȻôħ޸еȣҲδ룬ĿĴ̧ȶɽȥǰ棬һɸǿϢڵ


990 ӭսħ
ƻϣǰĿⲻϵĴɨ֪ΪΣõое㲻̫ԾԼС̡
ɽԼĪʮӣַǽȣһɨƼѵɽȵľͷֻھͷ֮һéСݣ͸żݹ졣
˵Ŀⶢéݣ߽ǽӽСéʮ֮ʱַȴɫ΢䣬æȻӹһĨɻ󣬵Ҳͣ
ʱƫͷǶһ޶ַ
򲽣ǾҪ˵ˡַһĻȣĿȴĴɨȴԽɽе˺ڵˡ
ַĻ΢޳ָܶʱӦŸֱʵ׼ɾʱһâͻȻé˳ȻǶơ
㵽һȥַԣɫĵͷǿĳôַ̧ͷСéݣ΢Уһһɿ;бǷֱ𿪡
ɷȻ𿪣ǵĿһɨСé֮ȴǿտյûаӰ
ַЦһȻٲھͽɽȻٵЦɽ֮лصݣΪɽڵĻԵʣʱԵøӺ
Ц£ԤеӰȴûгַ֣ɫ콣Ȼģɽ֮ʣһ˻ͻȻΪͻأɽ֮
ҲûǣΪƫƫҪѰҵͷַͫ΢΢һȻתĿԶ֮ϣһȫںɫ֮µӰ측֡
ַ΢ǵӰʶɢȻƬ̺ȴ΢üͷķ֣ʶڸӰла׾ʱҲ̽˿״ô״
Ѱ㣬ǸѰǣַѸٻعʶֻܲ̽ܶˣ֮ϸһĨЦɱͣ˲콣Ȼһӣ콣âĻգֱӰ
СӻǿûԷʵ£͸ҳ֣֮ǺӰĮȻĿƳһַе콣޷Զһǿҵڷ
һ˲䣬ַΧЩӲݣȻʼۿɼٶȱÿή£ת˲ǳױÿݻƣʧ
ҲľˣЩħҲǴȡ֮Щ仯ȻӹַĿ⣬ͫ͵һкȻһӦþͻħɣ
ַ䣬ǰ콣ŵĿһѵǺӰ˵ǰȻǿҲһڽǺӰ֮ȴǼĿʼ˷ֽ⣬䣬ַһâȻǱֽ⣬Ϊޡ
߰ɣҲħҲΪУŽâƵжӹһĨ죬úӰϲƻӿʢ
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ַٶȣǵӰ΢΢һȴȻû˿ȥĿĮȻַӶΣȻһһ쳣԰ףȴ޳Ƴ֣УһĹ⼱ٷѸգʱ䣬ĹóĽ
ĽһӰһӣĽϢĶַ˹
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ĺǿȻַܺôãϵϢЩϤ΢üͷƸŶͷԴЩɻ
ЩϤԣһͻȻŴǵӰԹԣԭ˾Ȼû
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ħ֣֮ƴ𾪻ع૵ԵΪħһ֮ħֵħ۷Ŀɳںɽս˼켸ҹħʹý飬ŵʤԴһսħ۾ûֹˣԴҶΪһսУˣȴû뵽쾹Ȼ
ʱԭŭַħ˶ĶԻ󣬲תͷȥħһսʧܵĳ裬Ĵɣһݱֻ䡰ߣһĿһ
ǱɵĹ⽣ټʸಣಣƿС˲仮գ·Ķȥ
ĹƸûʵֵҲûӶݣ˵ž֡
ַתͷȥһֻһԻõӰٴ˹ٶ֮죬֮Щ͸Ĺ⽣Ҫһݣǰʱ콣һЩǵĹ⽣ȥ
һĻħ۱ѷŭϣǳ鴤̧ͷַͳһҪˣ
ַĮħۣںҪˣɱˣ
ħ۲ڹƣתַɫ¡ַҲ˿ӣȻħۡ
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ַ֮أַħ໥ţһûƺΧǧħ޵໥ɱ¾ǶԾǿ㣬Ҳܲѹ֣Ȼ˿


991 
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ٺ٣ҪСүʵû㣬ֻҲˣַȻ΢Цһ䣬ֻЦһ˿
ãûħǰǲ׳ֵģڡħȻָ侲ȴֻˣϣ㲻Ҫ̫ʧɣ
ţҲʵ˲٣ַħۣһ۵һħܱţһΡͬţ
⻰ħɫޱȡ
ħۺȻЦ˭˵죬һ֪ʲôŽʵЦУħ嶯ˣ˲ﵽޣһԻõĹӰֱַ
ͬʱħ۴źɫ׵ֳצֱͣץַԴֻ͡צӰռ䲻ϱƳһףһצռǴƿ
עǸʧߣַһ쳹Ƭռ䣬ټһͻ䣡һ
һɫֱӴħУһ̣ħ΢΢󣬲ɱ˿ɸղŽĿռȴǶʱѿɫ蹵Ŀռѷ죬µĿռѷһΧһУ
ռѷ죬ôĿռѷ죡˺ɵĶǺȻô޴Ŀռѷ죬һ֮УûʱɭԭڷɱħǣͻȻǸӦʲôһɢˡ
㣬㡭ħ۾㵿ַﵽʲô磿
˵ˡң㾹ȻַЦһƿأоղħ۸ûʹȫǿ߼ʹʹȫһҲɱκһˣԸַδԴЩ
ҲﵽǸ磿ħ۲ţɸղֵַʵȴʵģֲɵš
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ѹ˿ԭͻļޡħɫһҲʵ㣬ﵽǸ磬ħ۽ҲҪ֪Ҳʵģ
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ַһգۼ䣬ͷֺɫȭӰһӳҰǹɿ񱩵ϢַҲоõƺռ䶼ѹסԼһȭƺܻأ޿ɵֵ
ȫҲǿˣַҲԥ̤ǣͻȻһһϣ־ȫһֻ𣡡һһɫ콣ɳҡͷβħ۳˹ȥ
㱼䣬ħƺ㣬еļѹѹعҲܵӰ졭ַĽħ۵ȭͷ
Ӱн̶ۡĵͳ𡭡ռ˲飬ٿռѷ쿪̺ſ񱩵֮ɢȥһЩɲħޣֱˡ
ħֱӻΪ촷ۣܵԶһЩħޣǱ䴩ţ䴩ȣùı䴩Դκɢ̫Ѹ̫ܼ̫ͣ񱩡
һ˲䣬ΧԲǧڣûл
ģҺܵÿ죬ȻЩùħûˣ˴ǧ֮ԶĶƣȫסˣһᣬſ񱬳˴ֿڣһҲû˼߻ôŮ
ʱҲü壬ַħ۽սĵطֻƬطȫһƬհף˵ʲôħޣǻľҲûӰ
ı˾ֿںٴȥע⼤սеضˣֻ䣡֮ϴٶȿ쵽µĻӰһδνռ䲻ϵرѣѷɢɢĲٿħݽȥ
ˣˣﻹǰȫĵطͻȻ䣬ʲôֻһ䣬ԼѲ˿ȥַħ۸뿪óһξ룬ŵ
ÿµĹֶΣʱоĲʵ硢ħҲǶǿߣ۽ǲַͣħ۽ɵĿŶǿ־壬ɢоɱԼǺεȵ
ַħսĿռ䣬׳ѷ죬Ȼ׾˺Ҫεȹƻ
ַħս̫󣬷Χ̫㡭һ嵽Ͽգһٶȸǿ쵽㡭ҲΧǧ֮ڹۿˣֻصĹֲ̫ˣ


992 ֲս
˺䶯սڣȻһЩħǿǰ鿴Щ֮Увٻ졢ǿߣʶȻߣɵע⵽һ۷Ծȴ׷ɵۣˡ
ȫֻۣצˣѵǴ˵еħۡʱͻȻĻǿɫһ䣬ŵħ۲ôôֳˣ
ħս˭һǿ𾪿ԶַħսĿ³૵ħȻܲ£ʵ̫ˣ
ԶѰĳǿ߲Լ۾ħۿħͬĴڣЩǿУϵģͻȻð˾ħ۶Ĳ£⻹ô졣
֪˭磬ŵַħһЩǿȻַ¼ɴ˶ΪǱ˹ģҲû˿ͻȻ˽гַ֣뵽޴󶯾ʼٸߣɾ㵡
ַȻô¡ⶼЩĵ׵ľ֡
ַ˭Ȼħ󲿷ǿ߶˵ַҲвǿߣû˵ַˡ
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ַħսȻڰ֮Уǵƻ̫Բǧɶû˸ҿ̺ռ֮ɢǻǿҲʱ˭ҿ
һʱ䣬ǧΧߣɢӶݣڱӱ߶֮ʣȴǻͷؿһµսˣܵʲôŽǿߣ
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ֻģӰһӰһӰ䵽˵ϣֱʱŷ˿ڸ߿յħۣһ˿Ѫǽűָ
վһȫϽˣʱַϵ·ȫˣ˲ų࡭¶Ŀƣַɫ˫Ͽգħۡ˵עһʧߣ
֮⻰ʱЩַ̫ߣֱ˵޳ܣֻ۹ˣٿħַĻû¶καʱȴˡ
þûôҵսˡַаԸ̾ղŶݵĽսһʼַûбδħսʱȻȫ·磡
ʹַòԼѹ׵ľҺ־ԼıľУַǴħӲӲУѹԷһͷ
ҲֻѹԷһͷѣҪɱħǿߣһ缸ǲܰ쵽£ַ̧ͷħۣҲһ㣬ڸӦԼʵ
ܴԼҲɱԼԲĥӣԸԼ
һ磬Ϊﵽ磬û㣬˵еĲ֮Ⲣǿջ
Ĵڣκһ棬ǿʹɱ˹ԼóֵֵҲѽ֮ɱַǾԲĴԼͳεС
ಣַӰٴγ𣬶ħ߿ԶǿߣϿš
ԭŵֲܽħϵϽȥħЦҲ⣬ղֻǿʼ˵꣬ħ˻Ϊ̫㣬ɵعâӴϢʼ
նַһ콣Ŷ֣ȴһ㲻
ħ˫죬ʱǰһһ˸ߵع޴ڲһʢľӨĻ棬ƺǵƣħĿһǰŵؾ޴һ磬ַ
ƴˣַЦһЦҴ̣ͬҲǲҴڵУ뵽ַȴǷЦԭһ콣ӰͬʱϮǾ޴Ĺ
ǰ̵ǧӰͬʱǸֻ䣡һı˲䱬ѣ¶һʢŵ͸棬էһͬƺȫֻ֮ãûʲô
ַȴǲ˿⣬콣ٴλӳ͸âǶ侧ӨĻ棡ɾʱǶͻȻޱ䡭ݣһڼַȥͬʱתųһһâ


993 
ַɫһ䣬ǿ깥澹ȻǳԼģҺû֪ĵطκηûУϮǺǲ롣
ַ޽ԼĻʱħҲǴһ̶˲ӴѾĻڰγɵĻȻ޹
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һĻַ΢΢һ콣óɵ޽ֻü֣Ļû֮УַȴһҲûУֻ̧ͷЦħۣľУҲ
㡭ħ۰ַʹܵסҵĻ鹥ҲӦһ㷴ӦûУĪʲôרػĶ
ַȷ˿ںΪЩѳСĲƷ֮ǰǶûڵĻ棬ַ̫СܲˣԲŽ֮˴룬ֵ֮ڡ
ַʵСҲǷ˱죬ԴС죬ַ֮޸ٶȼ죬СΪַ֤ǻ깥
ħۣҲˣַЦţЦڰ֮пջصţǾֵˣΣڻصͬʱַѳ콣ɱħۡ
˵󻰣ҺΣħ۲ʾЦҲͬʱ֪˿̹ս̫ˣЩħλ棬ˣǴսϢ϶ܿ촫磬ħ۵ô죬Ժư֮£ô죡
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һӲһħȻˣһַһסǽɾҪͲϵĺһȫڰһⲻ뿴ġ
ħһˣַȻ׷ţλվ۷سǿ߼ٽţÿһνѣʹ깥Χ߶ҪСģַɢһħɢһ˿âɱǡ
ǲ£ּսѷֳӮġЩս˲ɵó˹۵㡣
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ħվڵϣңַȵַҶôսȥҲ˷ʱ䣡ˡҲˣħһתͷҪȥȻһӻ
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˷ʱ䣡ҿɲΪַӿдˣϣ
㡭ħŭתͷŭַŭַأȻսûͽˣַȻԼߣˣ
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һѶûʹˣ͸һ°ɡַ䵭˵һ䣬һƿ񱩶ͬʱ滹ֳһӰ
һĻַûпֻ֪ʹһǰһˣʹ࣬ģҲǼˣоֱ죬Сйء
뵽ͻȻϵСȥɵʶɨ֮ʱȴɫһ䣬֮ϣȻȫûСټ䣬ͻȻˡһһ˲ǵӰȥ
ܵַһ˲ȡСϵͬʱҲӦǵСӰе츳ͨʱݶ
֣΢΢һʱݶԹԣӦòܶסʱհɣʱַֻӦɫĵطǴʱ䣬仺ˣһƬƮɵҶߣȴƮı֮ţҪ
츳ͨȻĶסʱգȴǴʱձ֮ƽҪʮرַǲٶȣӵ츳ͨµǱ̬ޱˣ
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ô£ħɫ䣬ӦʱѾı䣡ǿκʩչһеַʱȻı䣬ٶϱͲַǲˡ
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994 ȥϽ
ַۣ콣ȫһħԴֻͣ촫ַо˿µʹ콣ǿħ۵Ƥɸе̺ǿ
ﵽ磬Ȼû㣬֮ȷ黰иޣһʹõĹޣͻԶתΪյ
ԾַħɱֻҪħ۵ķﵽļޣǲ֮˾ַһޱȣħҲֻǱ÷ûܵʲôҪơ
ɱ㣬ͽϽȥַĿһ䣬콣Ȼȥ䣡һһ˺ųգͻȻħߣ̧ҽţһϡ
еħ۱˸ţͬһǷַ콣ʱͨ
ħڰַ츳ͨӰ죬ȴˣֻüʵŭһ㱻ǾӨĿռȫǲʣȫƱţ뵽
ַЦʵ㵽Ͻ磬Ҳһūۣ㻹ǰĵȥɣַٴ̧ͷһŲħ۵ͷϣߵʱͨħ۷·𱻺ˮûһʧƬռ֮С
δʱһĻȫžͣ˶ˣħ۾ȻϽȥˣҲ̫˰ɣ
ַƳһ£ͨתͷ㳯ȥַַ΢΢һЦ߰ɣҪȥħˣ
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ַ˴ʱһƵɽЩɽɽΧɽܣŻʮСС߰һɽ壬ǹһ㽫ӵм䡣
Ǿħ֮ˣȥɣ֮Уָһָߵɽ壬ַ΢Ц
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ַƳԶһۣЦħסô
ٺ٣㣬֮ǰħһսƾ̻ô𲻵òźĸ㣬һΣ߳ħȻһЦǵȻ䣬ֻȻһһɰµƣħӿ
µӶַ˽ǺһͣȱǾķ֣ѹ֮£ڵĹתЩƣȻƣѿֲ˹
ǹħӿİƣַɫҲǻأаһȻԼĻҪǿ࣬һΣһսˣ
ħߣһǹһһ漴һɭʻصݣҪħ˶֪ҷߣɱ⣡
ħǳɭĺ£ħ֮ϣնʱƬƮɵġҶȴɱ⡣
ħЩѾԴħǣħ󣬷׷ƿն𣬻ַܣַһźâ콣Ծһâ̰Ŀ⣬ֱ֮ϵЩǡ
ͬʱַζȻˡ·һһƮƮĺ˲ȴǧ֮⡣
ռӰռҡռַͣ͡Цĳ֮Ĵ
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ַֻڵĿռ䡰ˣһΪ촷ۡ
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Զ١ҿû֮أַЦţӽɱһϣһ׽ЩΧϳԶԶ׿ٶû׷ϣ


995 ħ
ַ콣һһ·һһȴֿͬ磬ӲͬǶȹ۲ȴֲͬ콣ϣǲڡԪ֮СصɫС
һռ䶼𶯣Ϊϸ΢Ŀռѷ졭ַӰٳڸɫâ˵ͷ­׷ɶ
ַ·һһʱ⣬ʱǣЩǵͷ­׷ַǰûǿ߶޷֮
ҽ־˻ѪҺĴɽ̵ܶʱ䣬ȥĻǿȴѾʮλˣΧַ˶ˣһʼж־һ˿ûˡ
ܡǿȺ󾪾غ
Ȼֻһ紵һǿͷ­׷ַ콣һǿߵĲϣɫ˫ȻλǿߣĮôҪô
һȺûõķһ󲨶ͻȻһЦһת쳹ʣȻѾ˵ôҲûıҪˣ
ǵЦħڳϽɫ䣬ʲôַˣæˡ
ȻθնʱħȻһɹǵصϯ£Ѱ˵ûʲô˺Щתܵħϣ嶸Ȼ̣ľż㾲ֹӿʹ֮ɫŤ
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ǽҵھȻûˣȻҪҡħǵЦٴδδ䣬ǽʮλħϣʱ̱£һõ꣬ǴǴƮ
Щ꣬𾪵ĿУգħ֮С
Щ˲ʧȥϢħϣĽһ֮ϣҲӿһĨ֮ɫƸǱޱȣ
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⻰̧ͷһֵͳħ˲ħ𣡡
ʲôַʧħ𣬻˭ֶͨΣ԰գ磬ҲͬУԽ
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뵽̧ۣħĿУһħ֮УȻûһ˸ٳǡ
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ַĿȥȴɽѩˮ£ڴ˵ػٲԣ˴˳ɫ˫˫һɽ
ٲ֮䣬һ糤źϣµϸߣºˮɫị̄޼ϹȻһˣƺưټ䣬һͷںڵķ˿Ŀޱȡ
߽ˣƶ˴˼ۣⲻǵСôħôţƣĪҪλ޵еŵУ
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ޣ˭ã㲻ҪһҪˣħŮһһħͽҸǲŹǵģ͵źʬ˵ذɡ
ƹЦֵ˵úãһӵϣȸʬ԰ַûʲô飬ֳֵòˣϴһѻյֺòңԼҲţٺ١
ħŮɫ䣬ΪȻƣ̫ſƣ˭˵Žһӣ԰ɽ϶ȻһŮ廨һϳеذѩŮȴǴΪҹǰܣȻ˲СĿͷ
ʼϲԾӢ۾ĻˣﻹŹϣħŮȴЦƣǰֻû
һֻɽ̽ʮͷ׷Ʈҹذѩߣֳֳָ϶ˣԶ˾ͨҲЩ˶֮ʱԽٲذѩҹ
˶綼ûʲôɶȴΪ֮ŭСҪ


996 
ħŮЦȻǻȥ
ƴüַħõķӣҹСΪ䵽˵زģҵ뿴ʲôܾ
ַЦѰ˼ӺС˶һӶңССŮӶҲעʤһҼȲǾӣҲСˣĻӲ˵תߡ
ƳԾʲô
ַ̾һʲôֻܹԹСĻظ£
ʹظŭеΪħΪħ𲻸ȥ㱨𣬵ȴһǣôֻһ룬죡
ʱȴħŮһЦȻû뵽˵еŵȻΪôǺǣָıˣΪȥٲãΪħţҪսԹ
ԣ죬ơסһħŮС쵨ɵҩ˵ôȫԣߣֶϣһֻͷҲˡ
ħŮЦ˵Ҫȴһǰᡣ
ַ΢΢üʲôǰ᣿
ħŮǱҪȥԼľŲ㹦ȲʲôͨùǻҲܶá
ʲôԴŭЩã㻹ҪֱӽС㣡
ǰɭһЦӦЩҪֻԼˣ
ħŮȴ磬ַֻ£Ӯң͸ʰ·磬ˣȥħ𡣡
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ħŮַߣ벻ַȻĸҴӦȻãȴǸӲ죬ߣһԳУ
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ҪһԭħŮʱ׫ַǣħˣʳԣֻٴεɵȴԥѰ˼ѵһﻹʲôı죿
Ϊ˵ãռݵַӦЩֻµҪУһɾȫͷӳˣͷһûҲ⶯
ûʹһתЦøϸɾ磬ǿ˰ɡҲֻ㣬˿ȻԸ׸ҲԸҹһë
ĿԲɣơ䣬ҲŲϵ˵ȴǱüͨһƬ
Ƽģ̾һ硭üһȵеô
ַü磬㲻óƢ
ЦǰҲóƢҸóԼƢȻûңϴؾҪңұס裬ʲôɣұһɱˣǸɾ
ַû˵ⷬһʱãŮ˷治ʱص㣡
ַ̾䣬ħŮܵΣַܵĻһƣȴħŮ˸ţħŮûϵַȻ˵Ȼ֡
ַӳײپײʯɽĿһƣѪ׷˳ȥ
ֱʱַŻعҶ˵򣬲ˣô͵Ϯ
ħŮǽ·ַ񣬹ֲȴû뵽Ūɳ׾װ׳ԸưͿĨȥǵѪЦʲôʱ֣ʲôʱ֣ܵô㲻ŵӦô㣡
ַɨħŮһۣĵҺԼղջ˰ɹȻħŮͱŮˣλСַСѾͷҲɱ⣬ֻõȭˣ
԰գ˹סҪħŮŮһٴ˹ֻ֡ۡȭȻĴַϡ
ħŮһе֣Ϊϲַչ㣬˿кòȻҧҧǰȥȭһȣַ˰벽ȭžһˡ
ħŮ֮аܸȭϾӰ٣󺣣죬ʱﻢ£޾ʹ֮һϣȭһ㷢
ַֻ򣬲֣ΪԾеַɳȭôҲԱ߼֣Ҫܲɣ


997 ħŮ
˵֮ʣħŮʮȭȭȭ⣬죬ַȴ£ЦͷӵģѹôȭҲá
ַݣ֪ްħŮ˵꣬ƨܶõĹֻһ㣬ڳ˰㻹ʲô
䣬ֻǡ顱ַؿ϶ӡַɨһۣ̾Ȱ㲻Ҫ̫ˣԿֻԼ
ƨڰ㣬һʲô࣡ħŮŴʼ¸Ƿſֽţȭָƿ籩ֱַ꣬䣬͡
ֹƣֵַֻסħŮ̼֮ɫԱҲӶ¶ɫħû֮ǰÿַĿɽԴ˿̵ַܳġ
˰κɫ֣뷨죬һͷһﻹѪ֮ôȭߣһ꾫ҲҪˣ¡
ħŮʱǺĳ֪򲻵ַӽֻħ׹أҲ̧ͷһˣִ˰ȭվѪ̫ʵַ̫Զ֮ȫԸЩȭҲʹ
ַ״СˣЪٴ򲻳٣һסȻʧЦ
ħŮСѪŭ졣ַ⻰桰šһȻϣһƶʧЦˣⳡĶٲȻ˶ϷħŮŪɳ׾پ޹⣬޲Ѱطȥ
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໥һʹٿ˫˫ţҲˣԭΪﵽַ磬ѲжȥԷȭܽתأ˵ַǹˣΪԱԽ˻ȥ
ħŮ֮ʱѪʢʤԲʱһи֫ʹ̣Ȼ죬ĿһȴħŮһ˫ƣƼ㳤׵綬һ㣬ʱĿɿڴ
ַ÷׳һöҩѩǵºʮʱ֮ڣƶδ䣬ħŮ֮Ȼ˺ѷεİţ˫һƤѪ
ǻпȥַĻַһƣüͷһ壬ǰһҩιУħŮŵҩһ壬ʹ֮жʱ࣬ٺŽУֻǲ
ַʱŵӦòٺ˰ɣ㸸׵ս֮˽˶ԹϣǴǣ֪һĿսжڷֶֽ޼ҿɹôԸ⿴ʬҰѪɺӡ
԰գħŮֱѾԵذѩҹǰЩػħŮû˵ʲôȻַ˱ˡ
ҹذѩַŤתӣٴγȥ̽һץȴץһˣȻǺڤħַֽڵطô
ڤħʱ֮УôҲ벻ףԼصôãôô׾ַˣ˿ַȣȫһæڵҡǡ
ʲôַͷлͿ˵Ȼܾûˣ
ɱĻڤħһϽǷħ֮ǰӭǵģ
ƾ㡭ַһۣˣԻȥħ𣡡԰գһתƺҪϵ
ʱѻָħŮȴֵһǰȥѰ£ҲҲħ𡣡
ַͣϽŲ΢΢һΪʲô
ħŮɫĿַһۣħڴ˵Уɴ˵֮ȴǬ֪ԳһƬռ䣬һ֮Ѱÿһ䣬ֻû꣬ǿȫƾٵġ˵һЦӵοȻѰÿһطҲδҵõ
ַ΢΢ˣֻ·δ䣬ͻ߳վסԭڤħѽߡ
˿ǰҽںǿЦС·ûõ˿ˡ
ַ˭˵ˣ
ڤħ˴·Ҫкã
ַΪѷϵķϣ߰ɣ
ڤħˣˣҰɣ


998 ͨ
ͻƻ㡭ȸϵħȥͨ籨šȥЩüƣһ·ϺǣЦһӵǻ˱ˣίʵԷŶˣ㡭㲻УĻ̫ˣֻнߣܷġ
ڤħ˼۵ڵϣСӣαضҪҡαضҪҡ˵ףһǰˣ
ɨһ۵ֻܹպ˺̫ˣӦСүҲ뺦
ڤħ̾˿۾ַ㻹кλ˵
ڤħ૵һкλ˵㣬˼ùˣһĴ󣬾ǲӦΪΪУһʧǧźޣ
һ˽ħԺȻǬŨ㡭ַǰ棬ɫŨʼնŨİΧС
˿̣һںڤĴ£ʱ֮ߣֲƻҹذѩûн
Ҳˣ˶˵ȥħˣڴ֮о˿̣СŮڤħϣȴǵж֮ˣַվ⴦ɽ֮ϣ֮УͷȴȻһּį֮С
ȥɽӰΡ롭׳ġΡɽ壬Ե˵Ư죬˵ãƼģƺûһʵģվϵħŮСڤħҲôңԶ
˿̣Ψһʵģֻʣѡͷĸоһĸоκﶼġֻʣһ·ˡĿģǰ
ڴѽеһУѽΪʵʵȴͻȻң΢㯡įȴ˷ܡȻͷҪߣ
ڤħƺҲЩָһַָ˳ָȥָֻŨҺɫַüĪϴˣ
ڤħûд
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ڤħǷһ˿صЦ˵еħȻ͸֮С
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ڤħ૵Ưգ֮
ַɫʲô֮ƯաĪ˵ħͲħǴħֻһӣ
ڤħ鼴ʵ漴Ǽ٣ռɫɫǿա
ħŮͻȻ߳ڤħ㲻Ļ̫ôڤħٺЦ˵ˣôһҪˣ˵ЩҲްˣ
ħŮСʱ˿̣ȴ˵ͻȻַʵ˿ʲôʱˣ
ַɨһܵĹ̶ȣڵֻѹʱ
⻰ڤħͻȻˡˡͿ쿴ˡ
ַʲôˣ
ڤħͿħˣȴҪȵȡ԰գȻϥַȻȴҲ޷ʩ̧ͷȥƺŨˣǣʱŨѽֳһȦΣ߲ʵĹΡ
νɫҲѤССɽ壬ûԻͣѤ޷߲ʹޣƻã⵱񻰰ѽׯϣϢ̲סҪ羴֮ģҪȥĤݡ
ڤħָ֮ȴһ
ȫȻ֣һǿҵĽ⣬˺Ũײ߲ʵĹΣҲƵıֱų֮Ȼ澰һʯ׵ĵ·漣гˣâӳ£ãѣĿ
ַѲ澰壬ֹͣ
ڤħ૵֮ɽλÿռ䣬궼ڿռѷУÿֻһΣÿ̶̵ֻһ˲
ַ̾漣Ȼ漣ַɽ壬ƽʯף֪䣬Щˣþöܶ˿̣ѣĿĽ⣬ѽ
ڤħͻȻһԾ𣬴Ҫ߾͵ÿߣȻƬռʧˡַ˿վ֮ɽ֮֮ۡ
֮壬ȴߡڿ漣ͻȻģȺɽۣ֮㶼¡ַźڤħ˽һʱ֣߹ԹȣԽɽۡ
ȻʯͻȻǰʯסַȻþĿҲƲɫѡ뵣ʯ׾Ʊֱͨϡ
ʯǰһʯţϿ֡ͨݡڤħƱ˸ƵģͷȥÿߵþƽƵġ


999 
ʯƽģԣı̲ݡ
ʮʯԣ㲻ʱƼ۶ϵĵ˵İ׹ڳ֮䣬̲ī׹ףټ뵵ƣԵ񻰰ݣԼǾĵִ˵
һУϳһ˵ģħʹκĵʹκ
ڤħ૵ƼôЩͶͼսħȨˣЩ˹ͷǰδػַСʵҲδرַ
ַüѵ񡭡
ħŮؿڵΪҪŸƶãúҲ֪ˡҲʵ㣬ʵȻ֪ˣҲȥˡ
ַĿһתֻ²ã֮󣬵ַȴ߾ߣ˭ܵţ
ڤħħǺεֻ»ûʶ˼ҵܣ֪Ϊ֪ʵ˼֪ˡ
ַͻȻЦԭⷬ˵ģ֪˹ԸϽƨһֻʵ
ڤħΪ˼
ַõʲô£ֻȴĻǰ׷ˡΪħҲŹġδˣͻһ˵ˡ
ֳᣬȴѼʱ٣ȴƾڶϡ
ַȷȷʵʵһŲͣ٣ֻӵ㺦ˡôַڵأڤħȴ۵عȥħŮȴվԭأûʲô
뵵У޾£ȷһħˣ˿ַ̳ϵģȴǾη֮ɫһ˷̬֮ƺ˽ʲô
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㣿ڤħ׶ٵأ˻ҰɣҡϣãһΪѷϣֻһõϹ˼ɱңҲ㲻ʲôģ˻ѵĺصԵ䡣
ţݾͷԼ޻Ӧƣ뵣Ʈ޾ݣ·ˡߵ˲òϥ¡ãٶ𣺡ߣ߰ɣˣŪ
ڤħϲ࡭л˼ҡ
˷ɽҪһֱߣ׼ͣ׼ͷ㶨ҪߵԶԶģһֱ߳ħ磬ȥĿռ䣬Ҫħٿ㣡
ڤħ׵ǣͣħУӦ֪ʱҲڤħֻ촽ĸþҲ˵һֻں䷢Ұްİ
ã߰ɣڤħһԾͷҲصĳȥٶַħŮСһۡǹȥģڿɼǶôľ֣õһħ
ͻȻỽַŵϼĴүַʱĳһ㡭ô֪ϼĴү
ЦȻ֪ȻΪУκ¾ͶңԾôصЦ˳Цгĳصʹ˸òż棬ֻЦԸΪһС
ħŮȻΪŮ಻ַ̾ȻǷǷ֮ˡͳ˿ȥԶТڱ𣬻ü
ַЦ𡭡ֻˣ̧ͷơַ̧ͷȥŷǰһʵʯţԲε䶥Ե÷ǷĻԻ͡
ǼиɻĽÿһʯĹ죬覴ã棬˵Ŀ֣һţ𣡡ô
ַЦô֣Ʋ壿㻹Ҫ
ַЦҾͲȥ̾ԸĪҪڲźáǣʧš
ַͷħŮСһۣȥҲ֪ԼһţȻأԼһˣҲֻ½Ҫı䡭ֻҪ
Ǵ󲽶ϣŲ˿ɣˣûлͷ·ߡ


1000 ͨ
ֱַߣͻȻûнŲȻ̻ͷֻħŮСԶԶں桭ߵò̫죬СΪλôԶ
֣Сѿ첽Ϣʮ־ңգ˿̸ǲ԰׵ÿ£ַʧôˣ
ħŮСϢŵôûôõôַˣħŮϣˣ𣿡ַȻֻɻħΪҪ͵͵֡
СЦллǻȴòġַֻÿЦ̾ϢһٴǰУԽԽ벻ˣħŮħŮΪҪ
䳤Ҳоͷַ۷壬Ŀתȴҹ֮Уɽ֮ϣǴ˵ѽ񻰵Թݷ׽ߣҲضʮֻԻ͡
˿̣ɽۣŵģȴֻһͨΪʲô˵ͨ죬ΪַĿҲľͷֻһƬССҶǳ֮У˵ͨжĪǾǺڤħе֮
ַվھ£˰ΣͻȻߺħ㻹ԼôߣСүˡĺ˺˺Ƭռļȡ
ȥ쳹գֻЪ¶ש޻Ӧ
ħŮ㺰ƺҲġ
ַΪʲô
ħŮֻħĵһ⡭Ҫսǵһ谭
ַŶ˵ַͻȻЦ˭˵ûңƣǲˡУ֮УȻһӰƮ
ӰϷȴƲˣħŮַһۣⲻģӱģͺΪ֮ɡȰӰһӣֽͨץסӰ֮䣬ʧھ֮С
ħŮȥһ˲䡭͡ȻҶͨӿֳ
գ۹ƬռͱҲǱܲ͸磬ͨΪģԲǧ֮ڣ޾
ʲôַĵһշȥ
һӵص״ҶУһӴ̹ն
һɫĹնʮףȫ޾ᣬͬʱΧǧ׳ظ
ĸɫؽ͸·ֲһ͸壬һɢȥΪ졣
þûˡɫЦ˵ҲԵȤغܣۣ࣬ô壬ϲԵľ壬Ŷǰǰҽһ¡
ɫĿ⵭ɨַһۣңڵɳħרŴĻ編
ȻַĵȻЩ²⣬Լ˵΢΢ЩﾹȻħȥģӦò򵥣ַҲҴ⣬ֻÿڵϣ㲻ҪΪѣ򡭡һս㲻ùġ
ڵɳ˫ɨַЦвң˼ǾҿûǸʵɣδ䣬Ȼˢڵɳı弸˲𣬺ַľ뼫̡
һˣǳħ˭Ҳʡַԥٺˡڵɳظ·һͬʱ˹ַź˰ٶɣȻתͷȥ
㤵ط֡ڵɳĳǧǺ޹ɵأǰһ£ЩͬʱƺҲӰʱյתٶȡ
ռܣַ𾪷֣סĿռ䣬һ˲羲ֹһ㣬ȻľַֹֻеԼƺӵУжѵĶࡣ
ʱֻˢһ
Ȼһ˲ͽַ֮ѹͣһַһֱ۵Ʒϵƣһ˿˿ѪֱЩѪ˿ֱ֣ӱˡ
ñ̬ĹһȻǺġַɫһ䣬־ԵȻһ㷴ضûУȡɣֻӲˡ
Լ뽫ʱ˷Щһǲ֪


1001 նɱħ
ѹһһչ裬ֱֱַ֫ȥζǲڵɳ̵Ŀ⣬Ŵĵַǲ⣬΢΢̣ˢһֻ΢΢һ
ֻһɫİ͸ֱ۴ϸĸһգٵַʱַ˳ֳ콣һ콣һĨ޵ɫӰʹÿռһŤǰ͸ظϡ
һַٶɹȴоͺԼСʱøͷһֻͣһ콣ڲˣַһȻֻǽֱ۴ϸĸ˳ɵӡ
ͬʱַеԼһȻסˡôܣûϣַĵ׺ȻԼһжǷǳġ
ڵɳһͽʵ˿µز⻹ǳϣַҲ룬콣ٴǶ˰˲㹦
һ˲䣬ڸڲ콣𶯹ΣֱӽʣµڽضһʱַٶѾܵӰ죬Χʱٸͬʱַ
ַһ˿Ѫɫһôѿϣͷûת꣬͸ĸһ˲Ѿٴΰ
ҵռ䣬㻹ڵɳһݣһ£ɫâ˹͸Χͬʱַһ˲͵ȫĹ콣ȥƮƮģʵȴһ㳯ǰӳ
˿̣Ȼˣַɫ֮ŭȵƣ˷иǰʮһֹ콣ʮһ
͵ظǿʹַȫʩչ콣콣ӹĵطҲֻʮΪۣʣʮû¡
ɾʱַǲһݣһȫõĹâ콣ɫâǰʮֱӱˡ
ץסᡭಣһ£ַ˻һӿ϶мٴ˳ʱӭϼĺڵɳַЦһԥһ
ֻͣ촫
콣һλûΪǧӰڿգӰǵǧȻˣǧӰͬӰһȻͬʱۼһ㣬ֻáۣһռгѺۡ
ͬһ̣һ֮βƴӺڵɳݳֱϯڿеЩӰЩ뽣Ӱഥڵɳֻ΢΢һȴûʲôӰ졣
·ȴʱˡ꣡ֱ֮ӱĵط鿪
һĻڵɳͬһ˪ͳȻ˺ôһҪΪ˸ʹĴۣĻû䡣
ȴַЦһû壬ҿ㻹ʲôΪֻһͣһһӰʮɫâֱǵӰ۾ˡ
Щɫâ˲ڵɳ򣬺ڵɳӴ͸縲һɫϮ֮ʣڵɳ۾˲ɵùԲҲһӱŤԼȻã
ַ䆔һಣһ£ϵؼΪãʹͨͬʱȻڵɳٴ˹ȥɾʱڵɳһŭ޺
ֻ·ͻȻֱӳַϯڵɳ˫еֻ޾ķŭҪǰɱַе콣˲仯ΪǧϹ⣬֮ռ価ԲģĵӰ
ͬʱÿһϹⶼ·һع켣ĻǰռֹǰٳĴ·ӵУٶȻ
ַǧɫӰȻһ㣬ǧӰٴκһһģĲϹ⣬Ϲ⣬һֱӳǰ޿赲
ֻһɫǰЩ͵İ͸һ˲ֱӱѿѵĸĴҷɣ򽣹ڣַǿһ
ַ˲ӱƿմ˳ڵɳһĻȫˣôܣôƿػЩ͸ŸսƵģַһѾôֹȥȴ˲ƿ
˵ҪΪѣƿַȻںڵɳͷϿգֳ콣ַ飬ֱһ£ǧâһ㱬
ôڵɳһ׹ƶٶμٶȣڵɳҪƸ谭ǡҲˡ


1002 ħ
ֻһַ콣˺ڵɳԴϣ콣ƮƮںڵɳԴϣڵɳӴʱһɫҺ۾пʼð˳ЩԭĸѾش¡
ȻַһֻҲûЪţһʩչ򽣹ڣǧɫӰع켣ţռһξֹͬʱǧɫӲҲ۳һ㣬γģɫ⣬һɫֱӴӺڵɳͷһȥ
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ͻȻ䣬þ£콣


1003 ħͨ
ħַУ˭ϲƷԼȫһַǰͬ裬ħһܾ¸֣δΣͷҲ޷뵽ַڴСַĹȴСͨ
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1004 ռڶ
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1005 
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β֣βɫʱϵǲ࣬پЩ׵ĺַԼܿħ·ˣû뵽ħһսȻôһҪĵط
ʱֻ꣡һɫǳһ˿ƣٳ˼׺󣬴ʱַ֪ԼҪߵͷˡ


1006 ɶ
һ뵽绹ôڵԼַʹߣڽ񳯿֣εڣʱȻ֮Уɽˮ޽ڲ࣬òң
ʱڶ˼Цˮʹ¼һʱӿͷúȥܣԼΪʲôҪͷԷȣƽĴӣڿɺãƾ׶˵Լİ˶һˡ
ʱͻꡱһַԱĺɫɢˣ
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һХ֮쵹أ⼸仰ԷθֻĴܶ죬ءַԼңʱңȴֻټɶһ档
мӵЩɫ棬ֻϿհâƣ׶˵ɶΪʲôҪЩʱʱ棬ҡ
ģǰƺóɶƮƮӰӣƺɶռлɣɣ㲻ǧҪ֧סַȴ˫һţӷԾ׻֮С
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ʵ˵ףҲַħùʵλ棬ǲҪ׵𣬶ֻڻλĻУŴֶ
˺ƫƫһƿͨͳֻܹ̫ˡˣ
˵ɶ˵γǰʹڵĶϽЩǿȥλѰ֮ʱҲҵȥɴ˿ɼЩжôֲַܻŴֻµǰ˱ӵˡ
ʱɶͻȻַɣʵǵϽ磬ҲһǿˣҪҪȥҵļˣ


1007 һģ
⻰ַٺٸЦЩ黹ҪȥҴúҾʹȥõطһ棬ڼ˵£ٺ١룬Ժ˵ɣ
õطɶɻʲôõط磬ħ磡
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ȵȡɶĽͻȻһԾַǰ˫ֲС΢ŭ˵ǡʲô˼˵ЩҲڣ㹴˶Ůӣ
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