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ݼ飺
һţʦʧܴӴΪһɵĶܾͬʦֵ
ģõһɫʯͷ㿪ʼ˴֮á
ûĽ츳ȴо˵ٶȡ
ƾžһ·ն̤۷壡


һ ȥ


001 Ŷ
ƲڱգֱеϢϣһëСѩƮһѩ
ϵȴ糣šΪ½ߵ¡
½֮ĳһھһһȵɴᣬ˴Ҫɾѡһɵӣ߱ܽһɵȼ
һѻȸ˵ĻᣬҲһһĻᡣ
һ򳡴Сһ׸̨֮ϣ۵Ӱڴţʱ
̨֮£ǧɫ۵ӵһʱһŭĴʱһ̾
ôåܻ߱԰
һͬɫ۵ŭһ̨ȭͷ˵һ𣬹ۿ߶һӿЩҪ̨ˡ
£׼̨
վ̨ϸ𾯽ϵе쳹ȫʱȫһƬž
䣡
ʱһصһڱײõɶصˤڵϡ
ߵ㣬ʮǿ
ų䵱еϱһ棬ѾޱȰֳǻָһƬ֡
˳Լ۹׿Խһ۱ϳ˭ǻʤߡֱϵùȻΪ˶׳ӻⳡӮҡ
ҶٺԾܺ
һ󺰣ԹƵǱϵҲһ¡
еֳʱѻȸȸղߵЧҪáڳ߶ûзκ죬ؿƽ̨֮ϵһꡣ
ûǱҶٺ˲֪˲ģ
Ҷٺ꿪ʼߵ㣬ʮߵ߲㣬ʮɾ߾ھŲ㣬ֻһ㽫ΪΪ½һڰʦ
ȻЩ𾪵ԭڳ߾ȵǣΪʲôԼܵĴô
ʮҶٺڳʦ֮ʱΪ߻ħʧ츳ҲʧӴȻˡ
½Ϊķ˿ġ֪Ҷٺζȹġ
½ҪΪʿߣʦʣۣڣʥ
ѾʧֻǸͨˣܰ˵ڶ̶֮ôҲ»ص߾һ㰡
һԾ߿̨Ҷٺ˵
ߣһϲĶѣΪԼǰء
һúõžȻҷϣǿϧ̾
µ߿ʼ˽˱ӣϧû˿׼ߡ
ֻн߾ܹǿŵһǿߣȻǿҲǿ󲻵ȥġ
Ϊ֮£ʹ似ġ

վ̨֮ϵҶٺؿǰĶ֣һƬƵһ΢Ц
Ҷٺ̨֮µǧߵϧû˿оһɾɷϲĵˣŹ֮ôǰÿ춼龰оء
ҶٺʦܣȷʵҪ𣿡
վҶٺĶʮֳܺԥı顣
ȻʮҲŴﵽ߾㣬ܿǰҶٺ߾ҲⲻǴŰɱ𣿣
ԶֵڵʣҶٺȴû˿ɵصͷеļɫһ
ֻҶٺһһǰ΢죬΢Ц˵ҶٺȻΪ£ʵսɻмֵġʦ룡
ãҾֻеˣ
ܺҶٺɹʵƽɫ΢ŭ⣬вм
ΪԼǶǰǸأޣһҪŰ
ִ̤ܺڶе׷粽ͬһƮҶٺʱȻ£
ҶٺƮǰеĵˣĿһ㶼û뿪ǰĿ꣬һúã


002 ִ

ҶٺеͷĲ֮ϣһܺ򿪡
Ȼʱ߾ҶٺôȵߵܺȻ֮úʮಽ
Ҷٺǿ෭ڴʹһָϵţ˫۳ضǰܺ״Ұޡ˷ܵشУ̫ˣ
¹ۿ߿ųϵ߾ܺȻһ߶ǵСƣ̲סЦ
ܺŶ߲ڶȡЦһͨ졣
ʮֻʮʵףȻ˵Լ̫ܵˡ
ֱָֻܺҶٺ󺰵СˣʦܣҪˡ
ҶٺҲܺĻضһֹĵ
СˣҶٺҵĽն
ܺ߳պɨһɫӳ׳ĽסҶٺ·ֻӲˣ
ʱɫָֽͬˮҶٺڳ֮ϣһǰֺ֮Ҷٺϣ˿Ѫ
ǿǱҶٺ׵ǿ߰ʵֻڵҶٺԵֵġ
ҶٺһֽţпѪϵѾϳˣûκ̵ƾʲôֵʵԶĶ֣
㿴ǷϲģֻǸ߶ǵȻҲ˼̨ܵϣǸǶˣ
ͶɣСƨ㻹ΪԼǸأ
ҿǳ͸еΪԼ޵ˣһ߾СҲſˣ
һƾˣ
ɣǰˡ
һЦ·սȺȡЦҶٺЦ
ˡ
һ죬ܺһ赲Ҷٺǰˤڵϡ

ҶٺȻһƬ㣬˫ųعڵϣµĽڵϣΡΡվ
ȻûΧڶֻظˣĵһ˿
ˣ
Ҷٺ䣬ûȫվǱܺһߵڵϣǵ³Ѫ
ۡ
ڵϵҶٺȻڲϿѪȴûзվ
ϹսѾûˣǾؿųϱϴѪҶٺʲô˵ˡЩŮѾȥڵͷˡ
û߻ħûʧȥ츳ѾΪʦǿ˰ɡ
ȻѾһϲģȷһǿӺĬĬ룬ȻĵȻǿ
ʦܣҪ𣿡
ܺվڵزҶٺǰ˵ҲļŰʦˡ
ҶٺܺĻѾû˿Ѫܵ΢΢һѵػ̧ͷǰܺϼӲļ⣬һһֵ˵̡
Ҷٺɼֵ̬ȣܺ΢΢ҡҡͷҪ¡
ʱеۼսѾ޷ˣʱֹܺĶ
ⳡܺʤʮǿ

ֳը˹һ
ҶٺȻǸϲĵȴмжɫȻҲˡ
ʱҶٺѵվлصΧЩߵڿʼʹˡ
ԶԱ˵޶ԣЩԼˣԲԼսʧܣսһУսʧܱϣ
ҧÿԿҶٺ˫۳ضǰܺһһ˵
ȡҡһģ
ܺǰѪ죬ͬԡѪħҶٺ˫û˿еĻɫûɵظеһ˿⡣
ܺǰ߶ǵˣΪޱȼԸġϲġ


003 ֮
ȻͣСѩ̹Ǳȴɢ䳡ϵһƬڡǶڷ׷ۣȴûע⵽ҶٺŨҵļֺ;ġ
̨֮ϣһŰɫĵɷߺһı뺷ӡ
˽ӺȻǰۿһɵڵӣǰȴ֪Ǻˡ
̨ϵҶٺкοأ
ӵԵİʵ̬ȷ·߲Ǹһ㡣
ÿ춼Ҷٺûеϧǿõĵӡ
һƬǣû˿һȥߡ˸Լ糤İ룬΢ƲƲڰԷĵҶٺ˵
ӱ׿ԽȴһŻ֮ģΪڴ󻼣á
ӷ·һͷը죬Ȼס룬Ҷٺڵĺ󻼣ҶٺΪصĵӰģһΪδĹҫġ
Ȼвϼ֣ԭҶٺĿȴǶһֳɡ
ȻԼķŭͱеҶٺȻԼ˵תۻȻ֪

Ҷٺ˵ĽһƲһƲ߻ԼסĵطѪֱļʮ˿ȻڻѪ
ʵֻҪһССĵҩҶٺ˿ڼӿ츴ԭֹͣѪôһ߾綼ķϲء
ʱûһԸ˷һССĵҩ
ůһһ츳Ҫÿһ˶ΪԼıֺڣ
ҶٺݺݵҧҧȻѾ˳費ľ磬˭ܵ趼̲סܵġ
Ի֮ʱ˷Уû֮ʱſȸ½ôһʵΪ磬ûʵעҪΪ˵ЦϺ̤ʯ
ӴⲻǵĴҶٺôǵŴܴ˰
ҶٺµһһصԼľ֮ʱߴҶٺǰ԰תǴ˳
һŮ߸ۣ÷ΣŮɫۣס
˼ҶٺһƬƵ˿ûаǷϣ·ǰֻһƬʱŭ⡣
̾ſƬͬ仨̺Ľ촽˵
־磬˰ɡǸϲİˡ
б¶Ҷٺޱ
ȻΪˣү㲻ΪˣϾˡǸľ
ֿ־Ц˫ӵ۾ŵͷҶٺ˵
أΪʵ΢ˣԼʦʦҲʺãȴеˡֻҪÿߵһͷǾͷߡ

һֱû˵ĳ²ֿ־ĻҲЦ̾ȴһ˫Թ޵۾ǰµįˡ
Ҷٺ㲻Ǻܹ°ô㲻ǲмںЩŮΪôǰҳʲô裬ҿյ£ҪԳʲô飬ʲôгޣ
̾ؿҶٺ¶һ˿Ц
̾Ҷٺ֮ʱȻһ֮ʱһֱСŮˣӵŮ
һŵŮȻһϲͶͱȻϲ̵ڶ
һ¶СŮһǿߵСŮ
Ȼһǿһĵȴп˺ˣⲻ˺Σݺ˺ģβ
Ҷٺֿ־ڮԼĻ̧ͷȻ΢Цſǰˡ
ԼǿҲ޶ԣÿ׳һ˿ǣһ˵ؾҪǰˡ
쵰־ͬʦʦֵҽѵѵɣ
²ƲƲɫֿ־֪ԼֵĻˣǱŭһȭͷͳҶٺͷȥ


004 ̫
ʱҶٺо׶Ȼ̧ͷñѾޱֻ²﹥ȭűݺݵ߳һڳ²˫֮䣡
ء
²һƽУ˫ּæűߵʹ۵üҪڵˣɫ̡
ߵ屾㲻ʵֱǿҶٺһߵ˽ó²ܵˡ
֣
²˻ߵشУֱ̧ҪʹɵһҶٺ
ߣ
Ҷٺһƺȣڶͬǧص˫ţ׷粽˲嵽²ǰֱһŵڳ²˫Ÿ
ҶٺεĹ൱˵޴ûκηĳ²߳׶Զ
ֻ²ﵹز𣡿²Ҫ˵ġ
ڳ²صͬʱֿ־ۿҶٺͣȻԲߵʵߵһĳ²
Цһ̤Ҷٺǰһһͬ־ɽɽѹҶٺѹȥ
ɽƣ
Ҷٺ΢΢¶㵵ɫɽƿҪʦǿ߲Ʒɽ£ͬɽѹ赲
벻ֿ־Ȼƾ߾ڰ˲ʵɹˡ
ǰǴԼѹϢɽƣҶٺ֪ԼֻܹӲˣ
ȻҶٺѾ̨֮Ϻľֵܹ߾ھŲֿ־ɽƣ
䡭
־ɽڵϣ೾ƬСضһһΡ̳ɢȥԭֻµڵûϢҶٺ
ʱͣѪ
־磬ǲ˵㰡ϾϲĻ߰
̾ùŵڵͬһ̯Ҷٺ˵Ҳ֪ʲô
ûµģ㲻õģȻûˣȴСĵرݣֻɹɽƶӲ£ֻǸûõķˡ
ֿ־˵ţӵ̾꣬·Լˡ
һƬž·ΪǰһĻȡǵѩڵһҶٺͷϣ·ΪΪ߿ࡣ
ãҶٺ΢оԼ΢תอѾʹޱȵɽƺݺһ֮󣬸о嶼Ҫˣ
ʹ˺ѷεʹ
ϵʹѾľˣȻҶٺȴͬϴİʹš
һǰվŵ˵䣬һЦ
ҪǶ˺Ƭ
Ҷٺ˫ֽţָڶյ÷ˣҲ֪ԼӺδõȭ
̧ͷҶٺһ˫Ұް۾ǰˣһͬԨ˵Ķ
ǡڵģ
ֿ־˿ŵ൱ҵҶٺ˫ͬǧ꺮۾Ǹеһ
ر̾꣬ǸоҶٺһֱԹ޵Լ
Ⱥڰɣ֣
Ѿָĳ²Ҷٺ൱񣬺ܲðɱˡ
ҶٺȻĿ⿴Լͷһŭ⣬ǰһ̤Ҷٺͷϣ˵һȵȥˣ
ҶٺĶҪŭˣǺεȵ谡ҶٺʱΪ˾ŵȻˣȴܱһų費ġ
Ȼȴ²һų׼ŭˣҪǰļ˺ѣ

ҶٺûɵӿһǱܵıƴȴǱ²һŲͷ϶ò
ˣ߰ɣ
̾꿴յ˱˴ݲУҲһį̾Ϣ˵
ߡȻ̾ʦ˵ĹˣҾͲϲһʶˣԺĹˣ
²һǼڿյɽл졣


005 ذʯ
ΧһƬžոձѩϴǸɾģһȾ
Ҷٺһڱѩŵʯذ֮ϣŵı䡣
ı䣬ı䣬ҲȲʱ䵭û¶ȵġ
ҶٺһʬһڵϣԼʱķ⣬Լһֱ룬ԼܵŽܵʹˡ
ֻǸ𣿲һµõʧȥĶģһġ
Ҷٺľʹţʶʼģȥˡ
ʱֿʼѩˣԵҶٺŵѩ
ͻȻһҫ۵İ׹ѩджвϷŴ󣬷ŴԴһʹҶٺʶ˺ڰˡ
Ҷٺѹʱ򣬷ԼѾԼľľ֮ˣһȴһӵкͺҶٺһ㣬ʮꡣ
кҶٺĴߣ°ͺ˯
кҶٺĻֵܣΪ˵ȻĶԴõѡ
ҶٺӣΪֻҪǸҶٺԼˣӰ㷢ȥƴ
Ҷٺǰķӣ¶һ˿Ц⣬ҲֻԼĺֵܰ
ѷӽѹҶٺͻȻԼ蹬ƺЩĸоġ
ţˣһǰͷƺʹһġʲôأҶٺĵæ蹬У
ףʲô
Ҷٺȵķ蹬һŻƶСİɫʯͷûκϢƯ蹬С
֣ôҵԴͻȻĶأ
Ҷٺ׵Ľ蹬еİʯͷٻаŪţҲ˯һˡ
ʱԼǰһ׹⣬ʱǰ׹Ӧñʯͷˡ
Ҷٺû˿ɣ㽫ʯ֮ϣһһֱӵѪꡣ
ôһƬռ䣬ôĿռװٶ
ҶٺԼ·һƬޱ޼ʵİɫ統УֻлƶСİʯ֮оȻ̺ôһӴĿռ䡣
Ƭɫռģһתĺɫ塣
Ǻɫ⴫֮ͬĿֲϢޱȺҶٺҽӽ
ʲôأѵʲôҩ
ҶٺȣŰʯ棬ȻܽԼ蹬С
ͻȻ䣬Ҷٺ·ʲôϲ£ޱȼʯ֮е޷ܶѾϲñˣ
ʯͷĿռﾹȻܼӿٶȰû츳Σ
Ҷٺϲо۷֮·չԼǰˣ
Ҷٺһ󼤶ǳˡ
꣬ҶٺһٴγɾߵھŲ㣬ʦЩҵ˶ȥɣ
ˣ꣬ǧͬǧҹҶٺڿ̤۷ϣʱжʱɺ顣
Ҷٺпϲһ֮󣬱ٴλظ״̬
ȻӵһԼıǱϾ֮ҪΪǿ߻ҪԼġ
ĥѵҶٺ־εȼᶨѾջˡ
˶˵Ӣ۶ĥгɳġ
˵ǰӵ츳Ҷٺֻһֻ֪ͷ޵ĵܶĥѴһܶһĺú
෬ԣҶٺԼܹɽʯ֮ڡ
ҵʯ蹬еʱٶȸӲ٣
ʰ˰
Ҷٺ¶΢Ц¶Ӧеഺ뼤顣
츳ʲôʱҵ츳ڲҲܹΪһǿߣ
Ҷٺ֮ʱߵķѾתˡ
˯ۣԺпԵҶٺʱŴΡ


006 
û뵽㱻˴ҶٺȻڲͣɵЦ
״ʱеЦֺ
񾭲ɲз˻ڷΣ
һֺֻĴҶٺرĶϡ
Ӵ˭Ϯң
ðڴҲûкתξѹ˰
Уֻǿ˯ֻһ̲סЦˡ
Ҷٺֱӣϵ˿ڻѾˣû֮ǰ˺ѷεʹˣѺõĿ⿴ǰķӣʵ
㲻Ǳʦɽȥôûаʱ䲻ɵģôܻˣ
ҶٺʻӶʱһֱĴ齣ѱѾ൱ľҡҡλΣŭ˵
Ϊ񾭲ʦң˵㱻˴˾Ϳˣɸϻˣ
һ뵽֮ھȻ˿¶һ߾粻ˣͬӰ񱩣ҧгݵ˵
ҪǸ֪ĸ˵ɵģҲҶٺ΢΢һЦȭͷȻŵķ˵
˰ɣ߾ʵ˵ִ󻰣Ͻȥɡ

Ҷٺ߾Դǽڷķйŭ֮ǰˡ
Ҷٺţ˿
ﲻɿЦӵȷ൱壬Դȱ˸
ǰɼªİ裬ҶٺȻԵõİڴ֮ϣʮؿʼ
ҶٺǿϢ蹬֮еİʯүĲүһĻᣬŬǸǴˡ
ϡĹСҶٺֻвߵʵ𹦷ȴȻһǿߵơ
ʯȷԼӿٶȰ
ҶٺһŬ߶ˮӿһ˷ܵ岻ס
ɰʯȻȹȥӵ츳֮ʱԼյҪϼ֣
ܻ۶ͬ鳲Ҷٺ蹬
ڿγһСУ籩ҶٺסСӶ΢΢ҡΡ
УȥҪ˷ֲɡ
ҶٺавãɲھͰѸյõıǰ
ѾǸֻ֪ɵˣ֪ʲôƥﻳ
ذʯӵĪܣȻܹһߵĻͬ
Ҷٺļ֮£ͬʵĺӰƴʳİʯڽٶȽֻܸеһͬϸҶٺ蹬ˡ
ʯʲôȻܡ
ҶٺԼżȻõİʯȻЧвޱȾᣬ֪ӵҪǰ˻
е֪ʯԼʧȥ츳ҪҶٺʼѰʯԼͷ⣬ҲԼܵˣ̤۷ϣ
ҶٺţذʯͬԨ󺣰㣬ʳ˿˿ƻ۶
ЩʯնɢݿһСֱҶٺգĴ󲿷ֶ˰ʯɵĿռ֮ڣмĺɫ֮С
Ȼֻ˰ʯۼСҶٺȴѾķˣ
㼫ϻ۵ҶٺǸţ谭۷֮·ϰҲˣָԭʵһǾ֮ͣ
֮ڣұضͻƿﵽ߾һ㣡
Ҷٺӻĵ˵еļɫŨң·Ҫֱ̲񷣡
ʯ֮ҶٺְʯԴٶȡ
ȵķԼǰ߻ħʧµѾָˣѹְʯ˯֮á
ʧȥ츳֮ҶٺôҲͨ츳ô˵Ҳ֮ڹ޽չȻͣڲߡ
Ϊʲô֮ͣ£


007 ʦ
ʵԼ޷һ¥ﵽ߾ģ츳ǷԽ⡣
ڼصƣʮѵľ޷˳Уγܵ˳߾Ļ
ƾҶٺƾԼľǿԱܱȱӵиٶȣοһΪĹʯأ
ʯҶٺ΢΢һЦЦ
ֿ־̾꣬һǺڵģߺߡ
ҪǼԼһ㡰Сѵ

У޾ǳɢ貵⣬·һ㱡ɴɢص硣
̫𣬴еǹء
֮еҶٺǰʦڵĻнѵһҲһ㻪
İĴ֮У˸Ƭռһعɫʡ
Ҷٺǰõһ׶ߵͭ¯ͭ¯֮ƮɢһζζͬʵһĸҶٺֱеһġ
Ҷٺǰʮ׿ǽ֮ϣһдɷġʥֵĹӻ
֮µ룬Ҷٺʦغġ
غĿ˵ϤҶٺˣҶٺСĸ˫˫ʧ١ڹغ¡
ҶٺŸ֮ϵĹغģսӣжʱеһŨŨѹ֡
ԴҶٺʧ֮󣬹غľͷ·һ㣬óĬԣǶҶٺһļ
ҶٺвλʦԼиӵѹ֡
ҡҷϷغĵӰϳϳͬԲŵߡ
Ҷٺո߽ÿһ¶Ҫʦر״
·֪Ҷٺһ㣬ǵĹغͷҲֻ̧ĬĬĵͷһ͵ڴ֮ͻأͬ
ͽˡˣ
ҶٺǿסͷϰڳһƽѺõı飬ɲǰñһ
ʦٺʵȻ޽չĸеԼ൱ûãˡ
Ҷٺʱսľ˵Ҳ±ΪϹ￴ʵ
ʱҶٺҲΨһƴˣɲñ֪ԼѾܹʵ
غ̧ǿѾݵֻʣƤ͹ͷͷ­Ҷٺ۾ĹâֱҶٺȴǷҶٺȷǲߣЩ
΢ҡҡͷغĿһ¶ԵӵĹģ͵ЩȻ˻
ûϵģͽŬɣܹ»صǰ۷״̬ģҪ
غ˵꣬ù۹⣬ЦЦĿҶٺ˵
ﵽʦʱΪʦһݴ㡣
ллʦʹͣûʲô£ͽȸˡ
ΪʦոΪһ¯ʥҩרԵġ
غĿҶٺתͷҪˣæ˵
һɫâҶٺǰͭ¯֮ϵǧ¯Ǳ㷭һ̺ɫĵҩҶٺϡ
Ǻɫĵҩɢζƺʲôõζ
лʦͽһضսʦ
ҶٺǿеҩԼǿҲʣ뿪طеĵҩ͸ӡ
ֻҪǹغĵҩ͵˷ӵϡ
ȻҲ֣ȻҶٺЩҩ൱Уȴ൱ϲЩغļĵҩ֮ʸǵõ
󣬹غҶٺڵɽеҩвɼҩùغļƵҩغĽ֮ҶٺæҾˡ
Ĵ˵һˣ֮ǻָһƬš
֮Уغ̧ǿݵӣЦţҵĺͽԽԽˣΪʦ֮󣬱һָഺ֮ʱˡǺǡ


008 ǰ
ҩڵӲժĵرʤأԲĵ֮Уɽվȵؿ꣬Ƹӡ
ഫԶʱסԣֵݡ
ҶٺʱҪǰɽҩȣȻ;лҪڵӵ֮ء
ס찡ǲǼǰڱϲҰܵķϲҶٺ˵أôôܶأ
һֵϰ似ĵӾؿеҶٺе൱ȡ
Ǹķϲİˣ˵Ϊײֿ־ʦ֣²Ǹƨ˲ء
ǿյ߾ھŲľţȻһСආð
ҶٺԶڵӶͣϵĶͷ
û˻ƵҶٺѾʧķеֻǶϧ
ͷһƬƬƮŵİƣҶٺֻãһҲûΧСӵ
ҶٺãȻΪѴﵽ߾һе˷ܣ۷ĵһ
˰ʱҶٺָָӣĿĵأҩȡ
ҶٺǰϸСݵɽ壬ɽ֮һʮɴֱֵͨʵѷ죬ഫԶʱڵǴֱȥġ
ѷ֮󣬱һƬϡֲĹȵأֲഫԶŵĺиӡ
֮ǳڹżвмصĵرıء
ҪǱµһ̾ţ²ʵͨĿͽգ˱ؾΪˡ
ҶٺʱѰҵıǽΪϡеҩ¹ݡ¹ĵطͨھʯ֮¡
ҹ¹̺Ŵ֮ᴿ
ôôأǰ¹ݿǳضǵİ
ҶٺֹţӡУ¹ݿǳҰһİȴʱҲһƬ¹ݵļ
ȻƣҶٺȴĵѰ¹ݣɲȥǸɭɲĹغġ
ҩ׵Ҷٺڷ˲һžʯ֮ɢӫ¹ݡ
ȻҶٺҪ¹֮ʱһŭȴĶ
ס֣ڸʲô
һ׹ŭҶٺͷѸγɣžһҶٺ֮ϣִһƬڣ
ûзҶٺһ̰ʹŭĶķ
һıԼһ䣬ҲҪŭˣ
ʱɽƿļڷĴӹľ֮ϷɵҶٺǰҶٺ¹м䡣
۵ߣͨŵӵı־
ҶٺѾǵʵһ߾һ㣬һ߾ڶ㡣
ߡǸҶٺɣֿ־ʦ˵Ǹûòֶѣ֪ʦУɼ¹𣿣
Ǹ߾ڶ߶ݺݵ˵ҶٺǲߣҲη塣
¹ȷֵġ
Ҷٺ˵ûиĿ·ֻڿͷ
ƨһߵôܹ˽߾ܣڴǧ֮㷢¹ˡ
ҶٺආĻвЦⲻǿӵôǧ֮֮⡣ȻЩ߽ʦ
ûǣҶٺЦһֱ¹ڵĵط
㲻ˣ
Ǹ߾һŭһǺһγƣ
ߡȻǲҪˣ˽Сһɡֿ־˰ɣպҪֵˣ
ҶٺһҲγĹӰö˻ûӦ̤׷粽˲嵽߾һǰ


009 ʹɱ
߾һ߻ûзӦѾǰҶٺһڼϣһѪۣѪҺ˳żҪǮһ
ֻĸһ֣ʦܣÿ
߾ڶ߼ʦܱҶٺˣŭֻʹƣͻȻһƬҶٺֶȥ
ҶٺԸԼһȻ壬׷粽һڣͬƮεĹӰһιƬһ˴СĻ棬׷߾һСߡ
ƲõģҵĻƣ
ҶٺĴЦĳһɳĻ߾һͷγɣȻ£
С߿ֻǸս߾һ㣬׷粽ѧᣬ˵ʲô似ˣһ㱻ҶٺĻĳɻҽ
ơѾʦˣ
߾ڶд֣ҲսˣһһˣҲ¹ˡ
ҶٺһЦ˵ⲻͨĻưˣ㻹ǹԹɣ־͹ʶֿ־Сˡ
Ҷٺû˵ǣſƻƵĻֻոռʩչƶʱġ
ʩչƵҶٺԺֿ־ʩչɽƣԺгһĸоѾǿĻˡ
Ļƣ˻ƵĸҰԵܴﵽ߾Ĳߵȫһ
߶˵߶зɽתڿնȥһһ߾ֵĴ󺰡
ҪɱңɱңҵʦѦ骻ɱģ
ҶٺһЦ߶ǹӰɳ۶ȥ׷ǰߣٶȾ졣
ǰѾˣһѦ骣ξ֮У
Ҷٺһȣ˫ĳƣ޴֮ͬƣءһĳˡ
ֿ־ⲻǵθ˶ѣϷûеأ
ҶٺʰߵĴװеʮ¹ݺжͨͨӽʯĿռ֮У㱼۶ȥ
Ҷٺ۶ȥ֮ߵָֻ֮һƬž·ʲôҲûз
ãһͬɫ۵꾪ֵĴӹľ˳Ѿճɻҽͬŵӵʬ壬űͷҲصĳڵķȥ
ԭҩΪֿ־ҩСߣһΪʵ̫ٶֻ̫ܲ׷ֹҶٺҩͬ飬ȴӹһ١

ʱ֮󣬰ɽֿ־סС
ʲô˵˵Ǹ߾һ㣿֮ɱһһߺһ߶ߣõĻǿƻƵĻƣ
ֿ־ŴҴææײסСߣĻ㱨֮ǱŭЩţ
ֿ־йâ˸һĨһ˵
ߡǸ߾һķϲİˡȸɱͬŵӣôٲĵɣ
ͬһʱ䣬һ泩ҶٺѾصԼľˣɱͬŵӵȻһƵı飬Դ˿⣬·ҲһȾ
룬ֻҪѵ﹫Ȼóû˻֪Լɱˡ
ȻҶٺ벻ǣΪһʧɱΪһպӹһٵС߿ˣѾ㱨Ҷٺͷֿ־
ֿ־ѾҪҶٺɱͬŵĶϱ̷ãλֹΪһǿߣȫʸ
ˣҺúÿı
ҶٺȻӽʯ֮ڵĶʮ¹ݣҪˣһ¹һǧʯʮ¹ݱһʯˣǹһһˡ
ʼʩҶٺĽʯ֮ڵĿռ䵱Сһռ֮ڵҶٺƯڰɫռ䵱еʮ¹ݡ
ҶٺǰʮݣһҲųһ亹


010 ʯ
¹ݲǽ¹Сݶɢӫ⡣
ȻҶٺǰʮ˸ŻȻһɫ¹ݻҪҵĲݶ
м𾪣¹ݣֻڼ֮أܴ֮֮İݣ
û֪ӵļ֮ġ
˵ɷѿҪһʱ䣬һ֮ɳ弱ת˥һҹҷ
Ｋط߼֮壬ֻ֮лΪɻҡ
ǧľ䣡еĺﰡһݱҪʮʯ
ǿһֻ߲ʹõˣ
ӵʯռķʮͨ¹ݰôڶ̶һʱ֮ڱ˴˵еأ
ҶٺɻţҲЩˮ
ѵⱦʯͷܱΪ
ҶٺԺвеݵĹЧ̶ᴿʹԶȡ֮Ӵӵм֮壬ٶ֣
ҪݵĹЧ˼ˣЩЧһ֮ͬ棡
ᴿ൱ڽߵʣۣѹ֮Ȼɱ
ǰҪʮܴﵽЧֻܴﵽˡ
ȡ֮һζųΪ˵»֡
֮ҲһּȴΪ٣
֮壬԰ٶ֣ζųΪҹеߣʢҹս޲ʤ޲ˣ
⣬ݲԼߵΪƱޣһݣһǿߣ
ٺ٣ʮݣԳһ꣬һ꣬ĵʱƱĵʱȥιûʯԻʯ
Ҷٺǰݣ˷ܵ۷⡣
û˿ɣҶٺ㽫һٻУϸ
ʵɢһĿ⣬Χһű
ˣȳȥ˵
֮Ҷٺʱ佫ɵҩ
ͬһûд·Ůһ㣬۾ž⣬һڱ㽫УԵĽ¾Ͱȥˡ

Ҷٺ۾㶵ĴԭأĦĳθ֨ѽ·һӴ飡
ѽղŽִİôͻȻӲһأ
Ҷٺ͵ŶӣʹڴϷĶӸеһ˺ѷεʹ
Ǳµݷ·ŨʦߵȫһĶըоӶϵˣ
ססܿͻˣ
ҶٺҧгݵİοԼڴϲס
ȻĶȻͬһ㣬ѾܹܵõһʵĶлȫ
Ȼϴʹȫȴʼеһ൱˷ܸУҶٺһ΢״̬֮У亹Ѵʪˡ
ǹһʱҶٺڻ˿ĶӳʹһСʱڻָˡܸܵõһʹ
Ȼһ˵ʹ࣬Ҷٺȴ㣬ûаԹ
ϾµĿʮʯοѾܹᵽݵĹЧñޱȣ·һѵС
ȻȻǰ죬ȻܹڷƮ˿˿Ƶĺɫ壬ǱνġɣǰҲġ
ˮƣ
һСɫˮɡƺˮţҶٺһϲá
֮ʩչˮ似ᣬйˣ֪кα仯أ
Ҷٺæ༸Ʒ
еϲǣʩչֲûΪ˼֮˿øʵ񣬸йˣ


011 
ûеҶٺԼ֮õס֮һֵͣжںơ
䡭
һɴıըסű㱻÷顣
漴£ɫϾ߻߽Ҷٺסϲɢһɱɱǿƣʵʦϡ
ڵʮĴҶٺ̷õִӡǰȥݼ
΢վǰĺ˵ûκεĸ鲨·ֻһᶯĻˡ
ҶٺҲ˿۾Ŀǰĺӣ˵
ţ֪ˡһǰȥݼˡ
ҶٺǷǰȥݼġ
ŶѺȥģҿɷʲô
Ҷٺ˵ĵĶΪ׵ĺӣԵƾȻѹһͷ
һ˿ɫȴǱЩ
ҩаɱͬŵӣͬУ񼫣ҵǰ
˺ӵʾҶٺавãû뵽Լɱͬŵᱻ˷֡Ҳǲ֪Ǻˡ

ɫѾתڣһ֮ڵѾ½صԵס
ڵɽһƬž·ֻһ۵Ĵɽû˻֪ɽоοֲ
ǧŵӣžӢӵܣʮʦǿߣʮϵϹȻЩûЩ
ʱɽϣһĵɽ챦ȥ
Ϊ׵ĺȻǱ̷õִӼõҶٺ
û˵ĸ˶ǰͷĬĬǰߡ°Ҷٺڳ˼ţʱҪӦԡ
󷽵µȴΪְҵ裬һɫ
ģҶٺǰЩϤĺΰ챦
ΪʯΪף̾һͬʹƮ쵭ŵĻʵ
챦ʱʯ֮Уֵǽ̻Ի͵ڲ
ણ
Ҷٺһ̤챦гֵıòηϱߡ
Ҷٺ̤ͬʱǱ֮еľϱߣͬ
λϵıӣһҶٺɫӣоᣬɻв⡣
ӲԹƵĺ־Զ
Ⱥ̷֣ͬõ־ԶҶٺµӶһӲͬǧ꺮
·λŵӵʦ
Ƿֱ½ԷġѦǿءغġѦ骡
ʱҶٺʦغ۹˸Ŀ۰ĵҶٺҲ֪ʲô
غԵѦȴԹҶٺ·Եһ㣬Ѿ֪Ҷٺĵɱˣ̵ڶ
Ϊǧӵʦ½ԷĺѦǿžӢӵʦʵǿ᲻٣λҲǱǸࡣ
ӣ
Ѧһŭȣ·ñһ
Ѧ骵ĺҶٺûκηӦȻһȻĿŸ߸ϵӡ
ҶٺȡӣǵλµѦ骡
ȻѦ骾ȻԼ֮ǰ˵ü˵
ڸ԰꣬жᣬԻһƽĽ
Ҷٺ˵˵ΪҩУױ㽫ͬŵɱ֪Ǳɽֹģ
˵һ˫ϵ۾ֱֱҶٺ˫ۣ·ܴ͸һ㡣
ڵʣҶٺȻĿ˸۾ÿ˵
ҶٺɱͬŵӵʵĳЩ˵һ֮ǣݺң


012 ͼ
Ҷٺʮּļ˵
һߵķˣôɱ߾ĵӣΪĲǰİѵ˵ĳĵӶпõģ
ƨҵһӷлƣɱͬŵӣ㻹
Ѧ骱ףЩҪǰȥҶٺˡ
ʮŵӣȴǱһߵķɱԿ
ǰҶٺֱԼ̳ĵûãĵﶼ簡ܵˡ
ѦһҪӣλԸߵ½ԷǿߵЦ⣬˵
Ѧ骣԰갡ŭİ·ΣҪضԴвɴ޹֮˰
½ԷƫҶٺĻһҲǵλԸߵѦǿȴ˵
λȻĿ֤ۼҶٺɱͬŵӣ˵²ǿѨġϣ£һƬ죡
ѦǿƫѦһģŲΪҶٺѦ骷Ҷٺʦغģһĺ֮ˣѦǿ
½ԷѦǿλʵǿͬѾ̬ȣĳغġѦ֮λʵȴΪˡ
Ǻأǿɲ˰
Ѧǿ˵껰֮챦֮һƬĬ
һӹȥˣغԥһ£ڰ¾ıǶǰìͷ׼ʵµҶٺ
ǿһʦһϲĵȻȵһеǰ;ӵѦ骺õöࡣ
ǣַ֮£Ҷٺʧȥ˴˵֧֣ԵƵУ
·ҪҶٺĴǣ۹˸
пԥһҶٺʱ֮۰мӣһҶٺĸҪչǵĺӡ
ȻΪҲòشҶٺһɱͬűɽŵС
ȻЩ̣ͷȻȴ֮Ե˵ĻҶٺ۹Ƕһֳɡ
ûϷˣѵͲֻһߵСߣôܵеù߾أ
ҶٺǲƽȻ˵ȷɱģлԹޣЩǰ̷õľǱ
ҶٺдвƽӣͻȻҶٺʵ
Ҷٺ㵱ʱӵ㹻ʵɻɱĵӣ
ȣѵһҪվɵǴ򣿡
ѵͲ֪ɱǻﷸŹ𣿡
˲ңҲˣߣ֮ҿ߲ʲ֮£߲ʲ֮ˡ
ѵڵĻ𣿡
вȻ¾ģһֱûб̬־Զ˵
ȻбŵҶٺɱͬŵӣڵʱҶٺȷֳɱĵסҲҶٺΪɱͬŵӵ֣ﷸŹ棬ˡ̡
˵ͬʱ·һֱҶٺû˵ĹغڴӵС
غĿͬŭû챦֮ͻأӵĻʱһͣˡ
ţ
ڳ˶ˢˢĿͻȻĹغģΪеľҴĻڱֵȼϵڿһɣ
غģɶԱľʲô
ɫƵĿ·ͬݲĹغģʵ
غĻվͬһʱ޶ˣϸɢһͬõѪĳζ
̤ʵĲߵ㵵Ҷٺԣ΢΢ҶٺһЦתҶٺһֱ߽ͬߡ
Ҷٺ㵵ĿŹغĵľٶȻǸ΢ЦȻͬЦһ񺮣ҶٺȴǷһᡣ
Ͼǽ̵ԼʦԼȴǶ䱸ΪԼʲôͼ


013 ȫ
ѾΪ֮ҶٺܹĿԵĹغϲƮɢɷ֮
ǿɱҹŨҵöˣͬһͷںҹѵĶħ
Ϊû˵غ˵ޱָͬ֨ѽëȻ
ͽҶٺɱͬŵӵ鹹ģһߵСһﰡεºڼ֮ɱ߾ĵأʵɱͬŵӵֻ⣬ҶٺҲǺ֪ġܹ֮ɱ߾ĵӣΪغҶٺһöףӦǴ˺׶ûҷġ
˻
ڳ˹غĵĽͣǵһ
ףغĶ۵ĵѪˣ׿Ϲ취ڵǿ߶ըɻҳı
Ϲĺֻʣ¼öһöһöȻ͸һ
ʱڳĳҶٺ͹غ֮߶ùҶٺ
·˵Ǹ׳գȻһöŷɥľ߾һСආϣ
ǲǱһö׿ըϰٸ߾Сˡ
غһöע߻˼ҶٺСɱ߾Сһ
ǵУ߾ֻǸСආûҳݣĲǿʦµŹˡ
·˶ǱעٹҶٺˣ͵͵룬ҪҸʱֺֺùغģжĺס
ѦҲǱߵĿҶٺ͹غģܹܲغĽһͽɣ
ѦֻðԼίˣԹֻԹͽۣȥ۸һϴк׵ķˡ
ۿ·û飬ӽüͷ滺΢΢һЦ˵
ȻغҲΪҶٺˣ֮ϣҶٺֻǲΪСҲıɱ߾ĵӡڹغĺҶٺʦͽ¾ʹˡȻҶٺΪߣܷȴġ
ҶٺӵĿԴǣǲм
ղӿǲҪССġߡСߵˡ
ʦҶٺںӵĸѾ˼㡣
һˡ
λĸ̷õļ˶½½ĳ챦
ϸ֮£ԷЩҶٺǰһĵͷţﲻֹ֪ʲô
̷õµȻһҶٺȴһ˿Ľ
ޱĹغֱҶٺڿնȥ
ǵ˼¶Ҷܰȥˣô𣿹
ҶٺЦĴǡء

СҶٺЦѦ骸ոڷɶֲ㾪õ൱ҶٺʱиǱӡ
Сӣ˱˻ԣһ˼ء
챦УӸ֮ϣӦѾԶĹغĺҶٺʦͽɫӵ૵
ҶٺСӣ˼¸ʺаɡԸûп˰ɡ
ҶٺʧһαʦغĴŷУʱڣҪпԼʦʵϵࡣ
ڣ߾һҶٺǷǳģȻغĵٶȣǸʮǧ
ںҹѸٴšҶٺغĽš
ǾηųʦıӰһᣬҲ֪˵ʲô
ԺҪɾ㣬֪𣿡
ͬļХĴҶٺĶ֮УǹغõǴܹ֮ڼٷекҶٺ˵
Ҷٺ΢΢ԾҲôе֣ϾʦҲѾһסĻˡ
΢΢һЦϹǶԼ൱˽ⰡӦ
ʦѵǣͽܽˡ


014 ˼
ʱغϹյļ˵
ԺһҪøɾ㰡ȻܻԼ»˵ΪԼأ
Ҷٺаתһ룬Ƿһ⡣
֪ϹҪǶʲôĵĻ᲻һɾ
ûҶٺȥغϹǱĳһ仰ûҶٺŵõȥ
ٺ١ҵĺͽ𣿡
ҶٺпһλˣͻȻ½еĸ߽ͨ
ҪȡҶٺЩʵ˵˼ֱ練ơ
Ҷٺ߶ʮһæЦݣ˵
£ʦ׵ˣôẦأ
ٺ١ں°Ҷܸоõȫڲأ
غǺٺһЦɭ˵ͬҹʳҰ
û°ʦΪҹԲŷء
ҶٺЦǺǵ˵
ûҶٺסͥԺ֮С
ͥԺ֮жһƬû˴µĻٲݽҲкþû˴ɨˡ
ˣҾ㵽˵ذɣʱ֮ʰöǰ˼£û׼뿪Υʦţ
غıĶҶٺ˵ӲͻȻ¶һЦۣ˵
˼¿ɲ˭ȥ˼ءֻҪ̺شڵ֮һܣҲʦΪˡ
˹غĵҶٺ߽ţصס֮ʰ׼Ϊµڿ޶Ŭ
סڼѾ޺ˣûп˿»ĺܼ
ʱһһװ˵ĸߴӷܽҶٺľһһߴ󳳴µġ
ҶٺʱѾס֮ڣ˷ܵĴ˵
Ҷٺûб˰̫ˡ
ԭҶٺĺֵܣӡ
ȻҵӲúܣô׹ҵءҶٺ΢΢һЦ˵
ˬķһ̤ҶٺסİŵӾмСľǰкҶٺȥһ·ļһ㡣
û°ɣ˵ΪɱѦ骵ͽֿ־ĸֿ࣬־һ̷ֽ˰
Ŷԭĺ°ҿҪݺݽѵһ²С
ҶٺͲ֪ŵ鷢Եʣʱ֪ԭֿ־һֲ߻ģ̵ڶ
ҶٺѾ֮󣬸ֿ־һɫ
ˣҪȥ˼ˣʦڰʱ֮ڸϵ˼£ٵֲ֪Ҫʲôͷˡ
Ҫȥ˼£ûͷˣ㲻ʦţҲҪѲƤɣ
ҶٺĴǵ˼ڣʱĿɿڴ
˼¿ڵӳ˼ĺ¶
ȻҶٺɱͬŵӵļһȥˣ÷βߣ
˼֮ڵӴߣΪڿǧһֱڵڵӻڹĵط
֮⣬Ϊ˼ƫƧľǶ־Ǳ޵ǿ޹ؾĺõط
ǻڹ֮࣬ᣬ˼µĸѨпԼĹĵãú˵棬Լ
˭Ϊúΰˣģ˼дԼĹĵñʵϲ顣
֪ǧ˼¿˶ȱ˵Ĺĵã
ǿǴǧǿ似
Ҳ֮ԳΪµһɣΪָͬ·ư˼°ɡ
̵ģҲҪ𼸸ڵĵˣ»кôãҲ̫ƽ˰ɣ
ӷ߷߲ƽ˵Ȼ۰ҶٺҲе൱ƣڰСӺǲһأ
ɱŶҿ޹ģǶҵĺʦҷĺأ


015 ʯ
˰ɡ
һӵĿЦòޱȵҶٺ
㻹ʲôҲ֪ģСӻʲôףȥɣ

Ҷٺͷ໥˼ۣͷЦ
ǰǷ˽ҶٺأҶٺʲôסǺİˡ
һ֮Ҷٺڷĸϵס˼£㰴ʦغĵĶڰʱ֮ڸϵ˼ˡ
Ȼֻаʱʱȴǰ۵ð
ҶٺԸⱩ¶ԼʵѾָ߾һܡ
ɽΡӴ˼±λɽ֮ҩңң
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˼֮ϣгɰǧСѨǧǰ˲֮ʱµַǰ˵ĸ
Ҷٺ߽˼µıؾ֮·ϣһССխͨһȥͨͨߣĬĬĵͷڴ˯
ƺоҶٺǰԭͷ߻̧ͷ˵
ڵʮĴҶٺ̽˼£;ܣ򣬽̷
ǰˡ
Ҷٺ߹ҾԸ°Դ˳۵˴ʲôɫǶԴˣ൱òġ
Ҷٺľٶ¶һ˿Բ΢ЦȻǰڵ൱⡣
ͷ˵ôȥɡĵ500ŶеǰʱסģȤĻɽȥԵ
ҶٺһԱл⡣֪߶˵ⷬǶʾ˲ûؾ
߲ûҶٺ㶯˼µʯ֮УѰǰµĸǿ󹦷ˡ
Ҷٺ˼֮мǿĹɣϾ˼¿ɲ˭Խġ
ȣ˼µıضڵӣŴǰǸʵ
ȻҶٺġҲ֪Ϊʲô˺ã˼ڣǶĳͷʹͰ
ߵڵɱͬŵӣбҷͱ̷õĵӺɷˡ
˼Ǳ޵ĵӱضΪǿĸ߽ߣ书ĵûȥأ
οڵ˼¿ǿüְصģû㹻ıʸ
ҶٺŵȻǧѨĩ˵ĶѨѾﵽ1406ˣ֪ǧڵ˶پɾ޵ǿߣ
ãұ1406ŶѨĦĦһɣ
Ҷٺһ΢Ц̧ű1406ŶѨȥ
ս1406ŶѨҶٺеһķǳͣڱʯеĺ
Ҷٺܿʯгŵ޾·ȫƬռ䡣
Ȳ˵Ƿоǿ޾ܹҵٶˡ
Ҷٺ˷ܵĴ󺰣㿴ǰһƬĺڵʯ
ӵм֮ҹ֮ӣܹںҹпκζ
գգ
һҶٺĽŲʯоþûƣͬ¡
ʯֻһ򳡵ĴСҶٺֻ˼ܿʯһ鱻ĥù⻬ʯԼһСʯ̨ʯʡ
ĿҶٺ۷ų⣬ͬҰǣʱӿŲߵʯǰϸ
Ҷٺǰʯ¥ߣд˳塣
ϸ֮£ҶٺֶλΪչڵʮ˴ӣΪԼƽдµļ¼
ҲûʲôмֵĶ


016 ʯ
Ҷٺ΢΢ҡͷҪתȥ
ͻȻ۾ż׽ĲչԴ֮µļע
Ʒȷʹ÷ӣ
Ʒ֮ʹõõ߱ɱ
ˣֻزϢ
ˣۣأŭԹ
Ҷٺ۾Ŀʯ֮ϵģȫʯϵסˡ
Ժжʱӿһĸо·ͻȻһƬɫĿռ䵱УܰããһƬûκζ
񼤶ѡ
ǺεʵĸоͬӵУǹΪԡ·ɾС
һĸоǷ·ڴ֮£ʱе泩о
ҶٺԺһƬϸϸо֮£ƺܡһԼԺУһһĹ
ԺеԼĶҶٺ˫ֲˣһ𲻶Ĺγɣ
ˣϢֻأ
ҶٺжʱͬɫĹŻһ𣬾ȻԶԲĹ켣˶γʹţ
ʹŸֻʣºڰ׶ɫˣɢֲ
ˣۣ𣡡
ҶٺһȣźڰɫĹŶʱɢ±ŸɫĹš
ʱǲ֮ǰһѺúͬܺˣͬһײһ
Եһը죬ҶٺбֻʣһɫУתȴƺĻꡣ
ۣ
ҶٺлɢϢĺɫͬһͻȻϨ״ָ̬ˡ
ĸоΪʲôһĸоأǰûеİ
Ҷٺ֣״̬֮ʱԺгֵıо
ѵʯĹЧ
Ҷٺдϲǰʯٻϸϸꡣеİʯ
ҶٺԼĹϵˣͬԼŮһ㡣
ڸղţҶٺһ״̬ͬʱڲʯڵʱһСֻءһС𡱡
Ҷٺܸоõµ似ѧ似ǿܿʦߵȫһˣ
ˣƷľ谡
ҶٺипƷﵽǰδеһ磡
ͻȻҶٺڵһ¶ÿͬƵ̰ĺˮһ㣡ҶٺΪͻƣ
ܵ춯Ҷٺû˿ԥĶڵϣĳ죬赼춯
ͬʱɢ֮ǷӿҶٺ蹬
֮Ҷٺ۶ȥγһɫɫ֯ĹĻҶٺ
ࣣࣣ
Ҷٺ·ڴʲô죬ǿ˲١
һʱ֮ҶٺΧ۵ɢȥ
ڣ͸ʯϵ֮Ҷٺ֮ʱΪΪͻƵһͻ߾ڶ㣬߾㣬ﵽ߾Ĳ㣡
õʯŷʱ䣡
ﵽ߾ĲҶٺĲٿˣܹõĿڵ
ͬʱڴҲӳԣˣӵиӳ־õս
߾ʹüɺ
ֻҪӵ㹻ԼļɺʹùļɣȻܽߵľ磡
Ȼ⻹ҪӦܹʵ
ûӦľʵֻˮ¡лʱΪ߻ħ
ʧǰҶٺһܺõӡ
ȻʱҶٺȴǲһˣ
ʱʵľʵӦģͬΪһܷɻҵһʺϵķɻ棬ܸõķʵ


017 ʹ
ȻӵŰʯ֮ҵ֮ߣôұһٽ칦͸ɣ
Ҷٺкӵ˾ǿԵԽй͸뽫дǧľ̵
ĶжҶٺܳ1406ʯԱߵ1405ʯ
ͬģһҶٺȻһ۱㿴͸ʯ֮ϵĹĵãΣֻغͻɱ֮⣬һΪӰ似ӰɱΣ
ÿһβĹܴһÿһ͸һֹҶٺ߽һʯ֮߳ˣɫӷ൱ϲá
һˣҶٺû˿ͣ͵ڸѨͣÿһѨʱ䶼ӣһѾ500Ѩˣ
˼֮һ۵ĵط˸ֶ
ǶǲŵĿ·Ҷٺ൱Σ൱ԡ
һˣһǰָҶٺߣһˣȻӣ
Ԭϣʲô
ˡĿСڸʲô
ԬߵĻشвⷺһΣ˵
ֺγöҶٺСڸʲôأڵٶȣһǧʯھܿˣ
ǿԼǧıŲȴҶٺСԹˣ
С൱Ȥ
ӿ·ͣҶٺ¶һ˿΢ɲЦݡ

һ棬ҶٺȻ˷ܵڸʯдţʱʵǸе̫˷ˣ
˶ʯÿһʯпеĶһ˿شҶٺѣ᲻뿪ˡ
Ҷٺĳ֮£֤ʵˣܹ֮Ѹٵ͸κιؾȷǰʯĹЧ
ÿµĹʱʯһƬӶʱе泩ޱȣǰĹоԼƺѾƵϤ
죬ʱ䣬Ҷٺ㽫ǧʯͨͨһ飬ڲ͸ֻءӰԼϰǿ󹦷֮࣬ǧڵȱǵİ
Ҷٺһӵоǿߣһͨ½ʷˡ
ò˵ǣѹĵ35271500ŶѨеȷмǿĹǶǧλǿµǿ󹦷
ȻǼ׹ȴֻҶٺֻءӰеˡ
ǵ5ŶѨе似ΪɬѶҶٺƾʯҲֻܿһ֡
Ȼö̶ʱǧʯҶٺʼˣԼ̫ˣ
ͽǧıˣںʲôȥ
Ҷٺʱ޾Ŀա
˲̫ţҲҪи޶ȰҶٺ޵
ʱ羵·ɻת˲תۼ䣬ҶٺѾ˼³ˡ
Դʱ͸ʯڵ似ĵ֮һĴڵ5ʯвöѨʯϵĿˡ
ֻһ˵˼Եø壬ҶٺѾûмˣֵͬܰѺõķҲ޷˼̽
Ҷٺն5ʯϵĿģʱ΢Цʱͷʱҡͷ̾ϢгŸ似
5ʯԭ˾ǺηʥһƪɬĹŹֹ
Ҷٺʯ֮Ͻеľ֣вһС
Ѿڴ˵ˣȻ似ĵһҲ˽⣬˵ԽԽģ·ˡ
һΣҶٺжǰʯڼһʡ
Ȼ쵽ʯ֮ʱһޱǿĴԶ
Դһ֮Ҷٺ֪ʯ֮ϱǿ󷨽ƣֹƻ
ǹŹֹµÿһжģЩ˺ĵпʼѾֻʣһЩˡ
Ҷٺϲǵдʲô
ֱĵھУҶٺҲֻǿЩ̺۴ڣȴѾ˵ֻ˵ǻˡ


018 ͯ
Ϣɫһн
ҶٺһֳһֳʯŪɫΪѵ˵
⵽ʲô˼أûûжȷģʲôϵأ
Ե5ĹŹֹһܴ޾ԵİʯҲʧȥЧˡ
ÿҶٺʼǱϹʯ֮ϱ㿪ʼһޱϤıУȻȴûдġĸоʯҲ΢΢ˡ
Ҳֻ͸ǵһ书ԣȻЧȴġ
Ȼ͸ʯ֮ϵֻƬûҶٺʲôµǿ󹦷Ȼȴƾȫһ翵ĸо·ûдڹһ㣬˿ȥ޷ʵ
ûм֣˹֮⾹ȻʲôûУʯ˵ʲôϷأ
Ҷٺ൱գû뵽Ȼйϵʯͷ޷Ըġ
ҲֻˣǰƪӡԺУԹԵˡ
¹ȥˣҶٺʵǰɱȵġ
Ȼͣ߾Ĳ㣬Ѿȫĸܹӳʵˡ
ټսڹвõƷʦһĸֶܣһ߾ھŲܣ
ٹһ£Ҷٺʦŵġͷ߳˼ˡ
ʱʽ߾ڰ˲ֿ־ΪԼֻһʱˣ
ҶٺȫעʯϿĵʱδδں
ҶٺͷȻըٿתһź󷽡
δԽԽƺ˫µĲ̤淢졣
ٶȱøӵĿˣҶٺ˫ۼгһϸˣĶǰƴ׼Ӧͻ
Ϣ֮ҶٺѾŲˣһźӰҶٺǰĺƶ
Ϊܹ֮ںҹп嶫ǴʱǰȴһźӰҶٺ޷ʶ
¸£һСٺٺ١
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⡭Сѣ˵𣿡
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ƨүүӵʱ㻹û·أ
ҶٺĻǺӰеҲžҶٺڿںӰе˵®ɽĿˡ
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ͷȸԾһ˫֣Ѿ´ݲе͵ҶٺǰģüȿҶٺƺڿҶٺһ㡣
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ƭӣЩƭӶֻ˵һĴ󻰣˵˶档Щʲôÿģ͸
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ֻͷֱߵʯǰʯ֮ϿеľģȻ°̾˿˵
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˵ţͺԥָʯϵĿġ
ԭҶٺĽڴ˿ȴ·𲻴һ㣬ͷӵָģ֨֨죡
Ҫʲô


019 ͯ
Ҷٺͷ˽ԸĶ˼֮ϵĹд󺧣æǰȥסͷļͣĶ
⻹ˣΪ˱˼֮ϵϹڵĴܿʯ֮ϲǿƣֻҪͻƽƣر֣⵽ڴּܵ
ǣһжѾˣҶٺסͷļ֮ʱҲͬʱͣеĶתͷЦҶٺ
ˣܿСƨдʲôˡ
ͷԺظԼ൱⡣
ҶٺޱȾòʱ͸ʯԭµĹеԡ
ȴһزʶͷˣⲻǰµͰװ˷𣿣
Ҷٺ˿ʯԭеֻʮֵƧѾͷ۸ˣȫµһƪ¡
ÿһжжʮ֣ǳ׶ȴҶٺòҡͷ
дĶʲôҪĲûĲɣôôˮˣ
ͷվҶٺԣԾı飬е൱㣬ΪҶٺǱдľľסˣЦӯӯ˵
дĵСƨǰ漸Сƨһ˵ϲƧĻⲻŪԼĲ˵ô𣡺ߣ
Ҷٺͷ˵Ļȴǲͷ
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֮⣬ͷӻдģĵСڵ֣֮ͷȴҲûиĶˣģ塣
òƺԭ˼ࡣ
ҶٺűͷӸĹ֮Ŀģ˼࣬ûˡȥҶٺܿͰѱ۸ĺĿĿˡ
һΣҶٺ蹬֮ڵʯĪһ𣬾ȻһҶٺδܹС
н񣬽꣬·ԡһˬ
µ飬һҶٺǰδеᡣ
ͬڴ֮УڤڤڵĴΪһ塣
Ҷٺ񲻶ϴļ¶ƺ˶ޱߵ·޾ĵ
ˡ
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ڡ״̬ҶٺԺٿضһƪĵãǱͷӴ۸ĺĶݱĵã
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Ҷٺһû˵ĵط鿴һİʯʲô¡
ǾһҶٺΪȻ߾Ĳ㣬ȻȴǸʵˣľǴﵽ߾ھŲĳ̶ȣ
ʱƺܵҶٺѾԼˣͷ˷ܵĴ󺰡
ððɣǳȥ濩һߴ󺰣һ֡
ͷӵһɵҶٺһգһͯδϵͯ
ͻȻҶٺͯ˵ġǰ漸Сƨе൱⡣
ιͯո˵ļСƨ˭
ǰĸʯдֵļһﰡδĺӰΪԼأЩǧǰд¡
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ôһǧѨȫ˰
ˣǸⰡ˼Ժпվͳ
һº󣬻ٵҶٺһһյ߳5ʯ
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Ժλˣһ˰˼µ¶ӸһЩĻ֮˽롣
û֮˵ĻΪһڵðͯˡ
ںͷУҶٺ˽⵽ȷǱ˽ͯ
Ϊһ飬Ȼڵ5ʯҶٺͬһ£


020 ˼
Ҷٺλͯ൱һȥ޺ͷʵȻɲ⣬ҶٺӵʵҪǿ
ӵǿʵȴû֮ˣǽҡ磬һͯ
Ҷٺ𾪵ǣͯ˼Ǵ¶ֱģǵһʯĹˡ
ȻѶѨ˳㷴ˣµʯ˺µģǱôһҶٺЦԷǵĽ֡
Ҷٺϵٺۣһųһ亹
ûмһͷϲͱ˶ʯͷǲġ
ҶٺɻǲһˣҲûмһͷͱˤӣץԲصģǿɶСǵϷ
ȻСǵϷҶٺȴһֱڱŰĵλġ
ͷ似ʯͷɣ䷽ϳˤӶҶٺŰһƢҲûˡ
ڸղţͯһ䡰Ժ鲻ʱŶӸҶٺ֮˫һţͬڻ㷭¶ʧˡ
һ֮ȻҲûбػ˼µַ֣ͯǿ֪
ȻҶٺһջȴޱȷġ
ͯÿյĴݲ֮£Ҷٺսɵõ˺̶ܴȵֻעΪǷȱġ
ʵ൱սƴľսɺͳ־
ӵм֮壬ҾͨսҶٺͬߵʣ
˼µĳڴյĽѾЦеվȺҶٺˡ
ԶԶҶٺ˺ۣԸе㵡
˿õСûɣ˼²˰ôԼҵأ
Ҷٺ˼һµʹ˼ʹʶԼɱͬŵĴˣ
ЦǺǵҶٺ˵ֱҶٺöĲѣⲻǿЦô¶Уʲôʡأ
ллǰ֮ǰָ㣬ҶٺʶɱͬŵĴԺ󶼻úõĺͬʦֵദİҪʦֵܣһͬ
ҶٺǿŶģԴǵĶ˵òϵͷжС൱⡣
ⲻϹôҶٺſǴԵֿ־ôܺͬŵӺúమأ
ҶٺѾˣɻʵ
ˣûпȥǸʵ˰
ߵԣ֪ʱѾվһˣȻӣζĿҶٺȥĵ·˵
һŻ֮ġ˲ɣ˲ã
˼´£Ҷٺ൱Сݣر˯˶ľ
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ˣҶٺȴǷ֮Ľ죬·ƺЩ仯
ҶٺѾ˼»ˡ治֪ʲôϵȻ˹ˡ
һµŵӿԶҶٺֹһ
ȻҲ
һҶٺŵӷ߿ҲԼᱻҶٺ
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Ҷٺ֣ȴûзϣԼСȥڵ˶˯Ȥ֮⣬Ųˡ
Ȼʱȴһ˳
ܺҶٺȴϵĶ֣ȻҲǰҶٺ¶һ˿ѺõЦݡ
Ȼڱ֮ʱܺҶٺȴûκβģϾʱȷʵˣһԼҪȶġ
ǣʱҶٺѾǰķˣҶٺ΢΢ͷҲ¶һ˿Ȼ΢Ц
²ҶʦܵΪʤ
ոռ棬ܺҶٺˣЦȥ˶ջˡ
Ҷٺǰġʦ֡˵Ц𣿣ȻϵĹҶٺˡ


021 
һӣһˡʦһ磬ʲôϲ°ɣ
ҶٺĻܺһ죬˼˵
ǺǣôҲȲҶʦܰӵһǿǽŵש
ܺ˵ţһãã񷣬·Լ֮ǰһƬõ龰
Ҷٺһ㶣Ȼ򣬵ŶǸÿʦȴ֮еģ񣿡
ÿȴ֮ǧŵһöʯõʯĵӣĳһضʯǰʮӿԻýŵʸ
һ˵ţҶٺԺбһζļ䡣
ΪΪļѪ֮һ
ΪûܵߵǴ
ڷͬŵҪɱܻʤ񣬷ڵӵɱϰԡ
һ˵ӱʮˣһɱԵĶħ˴ܹŵĵӶѪ֮ͽ
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ɱͬŵȴ˸˼Ĵô
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һ⽫һԵ
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ܺսսĶҶٺʵ㣬˵ģǰʵ
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Ҷٺ΢΢Цݡ
̫мˣҶʦܣֻҪҽţҾͱ֤û˸۸㣡
ܺĵ˵һĶҶٺķڷˡǻľӰϻб˽
뿪ܺҶٺ¶һ˿Ц
ҾͿԱʵˣʯһ99أ
Ҷٺһʼѹûһ˽ˣǲʣﱻɧŰˡ
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˳Լ񣬲µ˷ϲҶٺʯһᱻ
˰ңϲڻҪֵһϲĵģ
ʹļףԼôЩ֣˽ȵˡ
ȻһжӰ첻Ҷٺʱ飬ͷһꡱ


022 ս
֮ͬŭ̲񷣬⣬һƬõĻ谵
ХҶøO@O@죬ҡײ
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Ҷٺȷֿ־˵ʱ򾭹
Ȼݿɿ˵ıϣ²ڽʱԼõʯ͸ֿ־ôֿ־Ϳ԰ĵʼˣ²ֱֿ־ĵĹȻԼȫֵġ
գٴĬȫգͬûκϢʯͷֻҪǱǿ̫ߣ㶯þҲ޷ǡ
Źһңһ۵߱ɫ糣ⲽ߽֣ȻһһʫٲȻһλĹӡ
˱ǳ²ûзڰҶٺͷˡ
ʫˡ²Ƶת˼Ȧȷ˴û֮ǿԼͬҹͻأĹָO@ࡣ
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ӣʹһ޴ڵס˵ǰ·ߣ
ҶٺȻӦһΣУǱͯŰĶΣյ䣡
Ҷٺ¶һ뿪ԭǰ·ߣûӦĳ²ǰһֱ㽫еġ˹
Ҷٺһľʹǧٸ²ֿ־
Ҷٺ϶űܳʮף
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Ҷٺɱȥķ˸ǰļƻʩӷɰ嵽Ҷٺֿ־֮䣬ʹһлʩһƣܣ
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ͭӽ˸ʱͨ͸ӨԼٶȷɵܵҶٺͷϣ͵ѹȥ
һ棬Ӽֿ־һӵͭӣ㰵вãǲʦĿҷô
һǷǳǿıֿ־ʦȻԼʱı
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Ҷٺֻܵͷ֮ϴһȻѹоͬһɽѹһء
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ҶٺҲңͷǧӣЦһ˵һСС߻Ҵ߶ı
кӰ˸һ״ĺҶٺлγɣ͸һ˿ѷڽֵ


023 ɹ
似
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ٿҶٺͷǽѾûӰͬȼȼϵĻһ㣬ֱֱʣҲ֪嵽ȥˡ
ۡ
ֿ־ؿڣɫ׵ˣ³һںѪ⵽˽ֵķˣʱˣ
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ʧһöʯûеõܴˣβμ֮
ŭֿ־޺޵תͷҷϳ²ҪʱͬųԸ͵ϮߵΧ֮ش
Ȼתͷȥֿ־ȴǿ²Ѿһľͷֱֱᴩ˶ӣ½ϸСĿòˡ

֮ĵҶٺϵߣЦŶŵķʵӣû󰭰ɣôսʱҲרأ
û˵ǱСŵģǲߵΪȴǱֿ־Ҫˡ

֮Ҷٺһ˼ʮŵ֮Уλͽ뻮Ѻ۵С
ɲǼҶٺھɽ֮ɭ֮С
ҶٺǰһƬŨŨڸǵԭʼɭ֣ȻͷɭеľʮϣȻһ䣬ɾˡ
Ǵ˴εеĵص㣬ɭ𣿡
Ҷٺһ󵨺ӡУɭ㲻ʲô֮أб鲼ʪϺ
ȻЩ˵㲻ʲôΣ֮ɭȻγɵ
ɭֵȻγɵģѾŽУ
ɭ֣ӵʵԽӰԽ
ŵľ֮ͨܵУҲֻͨһۿ·
˵мǿ߽ɭֱһȥأ


024 ɭ
ʦôǳѶȵ֪һܷҴ档
վҶٺԵһʮ꣬۵߰̾ĿƺȥҲμӹ
Ҷٺк棬΢Цʵ
λʦ֣Ҳλǰˣ֪֪Ϊʲôѡĳգ
תͷ˿Ҷٺ֮΢΢һȴЦŻش
ԭҶʦܰõ͸վ꣡
ȥȷôһʱǵĳؿɱֲˣǿǺųҲҽϹȰֹ򱶣ʱȥˣʮˣҾͽһ
Ϊλѡ˶ӵЩ߾ĵӣҾͲ֪ˡ
ҶٺĿյΨһ߶½Է˵
ʮߣ̽ɭ֣߳ɭƸΪŵӣȻҴĵÿ˵õʦһţ

ڳĸ۵߷ˡ
ʦǿҪʯһŵıŵÿµĹҲǧʯ
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һʦܴ߾ھŲĵӳʦĳɹʣ
ҪǵҶٺΪʦʦᵼ¸ȣͲΪ߻ħʧˡ
뵽ֻҪ󻹴ţܵõһʦĺôԴҵİڳһƴӡ
ССһʦʮںֶΰ񽫻ײС
Ҷٺа̾ϢʼڽĿģֻΪѡ˲
Ϊѡ˲ţ㽫ǶɱԵаħ
ôߵ鶼ʵõϵߣͨͨߡ
Ƕ˷½ԷȻһЦóɭֵĳŹڣһ
ҵĵǣȥɣȥ׷ѰǹԵδɣֻҪһɣǧĤݵŵӣ
ʮŵͬӿĺˮӿɭ֮УҲǷΣա
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ˮƣ
ƣ
ģ޾Ķƽ˻


025 
Ȼ鶯Ҷٺǰ¹
ڵ·ɭֵڣ
ˣ
ҶٺոɭֵڣһŻɫͬĴ죬һɡ
Ҷٺ·˲һƬãã磬һжǻɫģǲԶĲҲǻɫġ
֮ǰӲǴ˿ѾƽϢˣǽİһ𣬻ǰš
ûɱˣôһİδ֪ĵطɱ൱ɱ
ɭ֮ҶٺĿѾ׷վ÷ɢû֮ǰôӵˣѾв˻ˡ
ҶٺĸǰǰĹ۲ΧҪѵߣҲڷʱֵܳΣա
ֻɭֵĵһأҲ˵ֻɭֵΧһжԵ൱ƽûκΣ״ǰһڸҰĻ
ʱҶٺΧ߿ʼˣһҲ֮
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СӣΪʲôңҴǲǣ
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Ȼʱľǽͬᷢα
ˣɭֵһеľȻеģ
Сİ󣡡
֪ߵѲŸո˵ڣ߶Ǹеԭ̤ʵӲĵһҡΣȻޱȣͬˮ


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ҶٺԷ󣬾ȻѰʲôҲϮ
ҶٺֻЩڿе壬УЩڿеɾڴǵİ
Ҷٺ֮Ϸöʯ֤ʵϵĿ֮󣬺ٺһЦҲǳɭȥ
ҶٺһֱɭȥܿΧѾ۵˼㣬Ȼ۵ýΧҲڸˣΧһƬڡ
Ϊ֮ҶٺܹĿκζī֮ϣżŵӵʬ壬Ȼǰߡ
·ҶٺʰöʯѾоöʯˡ
ڳԣīУҶٺ·Ϊҹ֮񣬾ΧΪá
һڵĵ·ϷƬ̣Ҷٺǰһ·ͻȻĺУ۵Ĺ磬Ҷٺ۾̵ۡ


026 ҿռ
ȻҶٺѾɭֵڶأ
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ۡ
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ҶٺؿڣĨȥһ˿Ѫ˸ž⣬Ļܣ
ԭˣҿռ䣡
ԭڷűϮ˲䣬ҶٺⲶ׽һµӰ֣
ռȫңڼͬĿռ䵱УȻĿռ䵱еˡ
ȻɭֵڶصĿռȴǼ䲻ȶģռֶݵصʱܿҹԷˣ
֪˵׷ʲôµҶٺƽ񣬵ȴһοռص֮ʱǰĵһ
ëȻĸоں󱳣Ҷٺ͵һߣһƴ
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ҶٺٺһЦжʱγֻغͻ似׼һ߱ӳȥ
ڣҶٺǰʱһȺԼ˵ڻսߣ
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Ϊ٣Ҫ
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ˡ
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ȭͷĹڱ൱ˣȻγһֱ׵Ĵ
ɢȥԭֻʣڵ֪ߡ


027 似ں
ԼһɵĺҶٺ൱ȡ
찡似ںһȻǿ
ҶٺоԼԵеĵˣֻغͻ似ӣܱȵ߾ھŲȫһˣ
صĿռ仹δ룬Ҷٺæŵϵʯˣ
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һֱ͵ϮߵҶٺԽԽеԾˣʶȥˡ
Ǵɭ֣ǰɱ⡣
㽫ȫɱ⣬ֻҪһ߲Ҷٺǵл
ͨһеҶٺھ˼ͻڶķˡ
ʶѾһСԼ߶ʵǿѾͻڶ
Ϊڴ˴͵ϮߣֶһЩΪϵ͵ߡ
ѵ˱ҵҪߣ
Ҷٺзŭѣڵһųƺŵġ
ʱȴǱЩһֱƲԽԿ
ҶٺƬֻһ˵Ŀռ䵱תţܿżϮ似Ѱƽķ
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ֻҪһƳ󷨱ӦƣȻҶٺ˰죬Ҳûп󷨵Ĺؼڡ
󷨺ԲڵĲοԽģ
Ѿͻƴȥˣôһз
Ҷٺ˼ڤ룬Χһ޵ǽһ֡
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ҶٺһģһǽڷһĵطӦñͨɭķˣ
ҲֻΪ֮Ҷٺſʹķб֪ʲôģʲôɡ
Ҷٺͬһɫķɳ۶ȥ
Ȼһֱ˽ߵǽȴܿġǰΧԽԽŨ֮ɢϢ
ķޱ仯ǽһӵ۷ˡ
Ȼһ˲䣬Ҷٺ·оתһ㣬ķǽȻڻת
صķǰʱȴλҷˣ
ûҵĿռ䣡
Ҷٺ̾ϢһҲûз̵תҷȥƾ2000ÿٶȷһ컹ɲȥ
ҶٺȻ֪ǿռλˣǵڶɭֵĳȴʵڵģֻҪһֱȥܵ
İ취ȥ൱ûмɣѾҶٺ뵽Ψһˡ
Ҷٺ֤ʵȷУֻ΢ˡ
ûãҶٺһصĿռ䵱У
˵ѾڶɭֵĳڲԶˣ
һҶٺǰˣǰǽ
ڵɭֵ㣬ҶٺʱɵˡﻹƵɭ֣ҲûУ
һƬĽ֮ϣһЩںڵ֦ͬĹľڸֲ֮
ϮѾǽ߾ĲҶٺҲòĨ˰Ѻ
ƵȼգɭֵѾ
ҺĻ㸴ӣҶٺ׾ҵ˼ͨɭĵ·
Ҳ̫˰ɣǰ澹Ȼˣ
Ҷٺϸϸ۲ǰ״ɵþԭɭһƬлʵʵĺɫˡ
60ȵĸ£Ҷٺ̾͹ȥˡΪߵȻԻеȸУȴǲ׵ıˡ
ڵĹľԣҲ֪ǷѾˣͬһľһڳ֮ϡ
ҶٺϸΧżл˷ӿûκϢˡ


028 
һЩ˵Ļߺ׾ܱܹȥɭֵؿ˵һѶҲûа
Ҷٺ˵ɭƺûжѶȣǵһػǽɭ֡
˵ҶٺŴǰϮˣǰУ
ǧôһƬ֮ϾȻûκλŵֻʣżļѹľԺͳѪĸء
ɭֵУôôһصĵطأ
Ҷٺ⣬˵ɭֲһƬģƴɭ֣ǧïܹôӵһƬأ
ʱһƿɵٶȾҶٺٶȻҪ࣬һʵ൱ߵڵˡ
ҶٺվãڳһѺõӡɲ봦ˣôһƬҰУзЧʡ
ƿϴȴƺ˷Ҷٺ׽
ʲôô
Ҷٺ΢΢һ㶣ѾԶֵ֮һӰˣֻ˵ΪȴЩ죬ֻʱԦŷɽϴʱ̤ŷɽתȦӡ
Ȼķٶ൱죬ȻҪҶٺǰȴǻҪһʱ䡣
ҶٺǰȥͲס˵ĹΪˡ
Ȼǰһſ˵ģ
һ£һʵǿŵӡ
ǴʱȴǱԭȥ߹󷽵Ѿ˿˿鿪Ĳ¶һһ࣬Եͬһؤ
λֵܲǵСҶٺҾ֪㲻ô򵥣
ӵϺبһڵ˰̣ббµ°ͣͬһֻ
ӿҶٺһ۱㿴ҶٺΪԲǰô򵥡Ͼûĸߵܷеġ
Ҷٺûп˵ΪҲû뵽ȻʶԼ΢΢һЦͬһЦ
ǺǣʦּЦˣҶٺǸѾʧķ˰ˡǡ
Ҷٺӵһ൱档
ҶٺʻҲûие棬һ壬һ߽ŵĿź󷽣·ʲôµĹ
ȷΧûΣ֮󣬲ž긦ؿڣ
Һû׷ҪȻһû߳ɭֵؾҪȪˣ
ҵʱҺƳǿýľ֮ϣֹסǰеĽŲȻˣһǱˣһŵһð亹һ䰡ɽҡضһ̧ͷһɷҵ˰
µ˵ϵİ̺ۣһȴǰ۵ҧгݵġ
Ҷٺɻɭֵأʲô˵
ʦ֣ʵȺǸ߳ˣʲôܰųӰ
Ҷٺգô˵ɲǰˣɲ뱻ʲô̬޵ͳˡ
Ҷʦܣ⻰˵òˡ߾ھŲΪʵڴ½ϿɻֻһëСӰҸո֮ԼһΪмڶԸСӰɣ
˵˵ţϵĿ־ɫʼ˫۶ɫ⣬
˵ϢĽľ֮һкܶ౦ҿۼһֱ۴ֵĳ֥
ҶٺȻΪֱ̰ɫһӵĻʱ۾ֱˡ
ֻ֥ڼ֮أԵ֮Ϊʳÿÿǧܳҩ
ǿǿҩھǶ֮͵ıȻһͷ޵ʳԣ
һ֥ʹ֮壬Ӵ˾ڣ°ٻĪͷֻҪʩչĻ似ǿʮ
˵ҶٺõǼֵʮʯıô֥ǼֵٱݣǧʯܻмУ亱е
ͷ޾Ȼó֥ʳˣȥ
ҶٺȻŭǱȥķһ񱩣


029 
֪˵ʲô𣿡
һȻĿ񣬼ʱķҶٺͬ׳һ˵
Ҫȥﰡһ֥Ȼһͷ޳ˣ
ҶٺȻ˫۳˵ͨͨ۾Χĳ
ε˵
˰ɣȥҲôɻĿʳѡ㣬ΪֻʵĳӶѡ
ԣҶٺվһ㣬ղŲǱǳ֥ˡ
ҲǶ޸е棬Ȼѳ֥ʳԣ֥ڵļȻԪɲһ޿Կµġ
һ˫ص۾ҶٺͣҶٺֱëȻǷв졣
þ֮Ż³֣塪ʡ񡪡𽣡
ҶٺͬһֻӬ͵סؿƴ·ʱ̾Ҫһ㣬ƴĺţؿͣ˻Ƶļе
ʲô𽣿
صעҶٺҲûжķӦе֡
տʼʱɲͱŵû赹ڵˡ
ҲѹҶٺ˾ȣ·ʲôء
ʵ;ҪҲ˿ģ
𽣬ֻڴ˵е֮
̫ƽԶ֮һ弫ǿ⣬һ侪죬˿
˵Ϊ߲֮𽣬ֱǿͬޣ
𽣬Ҳֻ߲ͼȴҲڵʵˣ
𽣿ɭֵذô׺ްʦŲȫʳɣ
ҶٺĽеɲΪԼܹù𽣡
ҶٺܻŭҲ˵൱Ҷٺʱ˿̵ġ
һЦ˵ҲҪ˾ģҶʦܡҿ𽲻Ϣڴˣû֮⡣ֻ·ĻҲʲôġ
ҶٺвΪȻô֪᲻ͻȻѪ볢һߵζʱһȥ
ҲҶٺŽɵɫ˵
ȴǲľ˰ٹһӦҲҪˣٲ֣ҲıҪ˰
һ֮ͽҶٺɷӣһģ˵Ҳ±𽷢ıһˡ
Ҷٺܾӵ룬ԼΪ߾Ĳ㣬ɲļ뵽ӵ͵֮С
ҶٺǺһͬȻͬķȴһġ
ľϹƣ֮˵Ϲнľֱͨʣͨϵ£ϾӾβʷܵ磡
Сڵϣ幫֮ϡĽľӰӡ
ľΪߴ幫֮Ȼܼΰ֮ˡͬͨ㴣ڳĴ֮ϣΧɫ˷ӿһƬ
رҶٺɭֵ߾ھŲŵӡ
ΪĿߣشʱΪҶٺָ
磬㿴𽻹ڲڽľ֮ϰ
ҶٺûĴߴٵѾڴ˴ľй˰ʱˣȴûа㷴Ӧ
ҶٺȻнȴҲֻɵöˡ
Ͼ߾ھŲΪʩչܹͨ幫֮ľֻ߾ĲҶٺȴġ
ͿˣСʻ괬Ҷʦܣһʱȥöʱ˾ˣ
һ˵
۲˰ʱĶأǽľ֮һ㶯ҲûУڷˡ
һæкҶٺԹԵı۶ȥԶĽľ
ĶؿɲҶٺ޲ɵľ֮ϣбһ򾡣ȻȻȥɲ뱻𽷢֣


030 ̵
Ҷٺһæ׷Ѿɳ׵Ķء
ҶٺУȻ͵ǲõΪǡʶһҲ֮еģ
ҶٺոշɳĹ㱯ķֶѾܵľ֮ˣ
ʵϾûжǿٶҲԶԶڶءû취ԼʵˣôҲȻֲԼˡ
ѾߣڷͬĽľҶٺȤȻҲʰʲô
ٿǶأѾжʮ¥ߵλڽľ˵һССѨ֮ˣèҪ߽ȥ
ҶٺԿط֮һŹӵĴ죡
һжɵĽţҶٺŵľҪˡ
󡭡
ʱһ̶лص
ҶٺĶ䶼챻ˣֲǴﴫģ
ͬʱǼ볲Ѩ֮еĶɫˢһ±࣬һͬŮһ׳ıԵһͬڵӳѨڵ˳ȥ
ٶ֮죬ʱٶȻҪһ
ˣ
ڶصͬʱӴǸߴʮ׵ĽľҲƺҡӽľȼ
𻺻ת͸޾֮вһů⣡
ȻҶٺʱȴůˣΪѾһޱӴɫʰ쵵Ļӽľ˵ĳѨ֮з˳ˣ
չâɣ䣡صɳȥķ򼲳۶ȥ
Լ䣬ҶٺԿɢгӰ
һͷ˫չʮ׵Ļͬ䲻ַǴ˵е𽣡
󡭡
еУһۿɼ𵴵վһһȼ䣬˿
һõɶ˵Ķޱơ
˵۲콨ľ֮ϵĶ۲˰ʱ֮ãȻжϴ󣬱ڳѨ֮˯𽷢ˣ
ǿڲϷӿʹֹסɶȥľתӣ
Ѿȫµˣɲ뱻Ƿһ𿾳ɽ⣡
ҶٺСӺģ
һĴ͸ҶٺˣҪĲϴߴ٣ҲͲľˣ
󡭡
𽼫پչһ⣬ɲ׷϶أ
ֻ߾Ķصٶȵھ𽣬ð㱻׷ˣ

һͬɱ𣬶رһײ˿Ѫͬڵһǰȥ
ʱͱ׳ĶѾ幫֮ˣѾӰˡ
ҶٺԶӰĨ˰亹µ˵
ʵҲкô
Ҷٺ൱ңҪԼʵ綡أʱҲҪùˡ
Ҳ֪Ϊʲôһѻ𽫶ճɷɻңΪмɱһСӡɡ
һҶٺʱһЦɳǰֻһĽľ
ɣҾͲˣ
ҶٺаЦϲüҪϴҪʹȥˣ
֥һǧʯҩ
ҶٺѾüܺˣ޲ĳѨУĳѨΪУ
һӣҶٺ˽ľĶˡ
һɽľĸ֦ҶɵĿյټ֮ϣǰԶĶڣ𽷽ŷɳĵطˡ
˿ֱ׵񳲣Ҷٺ
𽶼һˣ֪һأ
Ȼɻ󣬵ҶٺǾסջˣһƬƺɢŻɫ
ҶٺǰһƬڣΪ֮ĿѨеһһġ


031 Ʒ
Ѩû˿Ѿ߼֮ˡ
жٱ
Ҷٺǰѻñߵıɵˣ
һһǰƺɢžӨıѣ˷ܵòˣ
ʲô֥ʲôʯ
Ҷ٣񾫣

ÿһֵֶǣÿһֶĪЧã
Ҷٺ۾ľˣҲľˣжҩ
ÿһ伸֣ȴһ㱻ѳСɽ
ڵһĳ֥кü꣡
ʲôݣ֮²ͬСһƽˣ
ˣȰȫչ˵
ҶٺЦһҩ৵һʯıռ䵱С
ֻǼ䣬Ҷٺ㽫һСɽߵҩȫյʯˣ
Ÿɸɾĵ棬Ҷٺ˫֣
ţ̫ˬˣҷˣ
ͻȻҶٺƺɨʲôתͷԱߵƫƧ֮ͬŮ㣬۷⣬Ц
ףʲô
ֻǶԱߵƫƧ֮İڷһʺİ˸ߵĵԼ·ɢŵʹâ
ѵı
Ҷٺˣˣ൱ĸҪָǲԶĵ

Ҷٺָոմĵͬˮ㾪һһ
󡭡
ԶһϤҶٺĺŭʱ·൱ŭ
ˣ
ŭҶٺһãʶղǹӦµľ
һļæǰ˸ߵٽʯıռνűܣ
Ȼڵʵͨٶȿ죬ոܵڱѾɵֻ׵ĲԶˣ
ò˻ٶô죡
Ҷٺļ٣ʱҲ֪ôˣǳ˱ϼҰ˼ҵĺӹˣԼʬˣ
󡭡
һŭ䣬ҶٺѾܿһ˫ŭð۾ˣ
ϵʻŰţȼյҲһ󲨶
𽡰ˡһһʻ棬ҶٺĽǰҶٺ·
ԣ
Ҷٺͬǰ㼱ٷֱֱײʯʯ֮ϣ͵˼Ѫ
£¡
𽲻ϵĳҶٺУͬװҶٺ෭ڣ
·ŭҶٺҳˣ
󡭡󡭡
Ťͷһڷ񵰵ĵط
һ֮£ʱˣͬɱ˺Ӱ
ಡһҶٺԣһצ̤ţڵϣ¸µţ
ȿȣ
ҶٺǿȳںѪ·оҪˣ
ϵȸ£Ҷٺ忾ð̣
צ£ҶٺŶ̴ˣʺѪҺͬϸӿ֮ѪҺҲЩ
ͻȻ·𿴵ʲôȤ֮£צµҲˡ
΢΢ۿҶٺۣ¸µĽ
˧˵ʲô˵˻
Ҷٺѵ˵ʶԼܲñгԵˣ
Ҳ֪ǲҶٺĻ𽽫ѹҶٺϵצӻ¡
Ҳʲô϶ʱƶγһʶĿУҶٺӣȵ˱ƵҶٺϢ
лɢȥԭػӰӣ


032 ּ
վ֮Ѿվһλ߳ߣʽޣϾԸ߹Ӻ֮ӣֻʵ
ڵҶʲôϵ
Ҷٺǰӣһ𽻯֮ˡ
ΪǴԵģ֪ԭ𽾹Եġ
Ҷٺ𺳵ǣ𽾹Ȼгĸ׵֡
ҶҶٺĸףҶٺ֮ʱڣ֮ǴӴ伣
ҶٺѾĸ׾ʲôģˣֻϡӳĿе֪Լôһס
ҶٺҲûжĸпϾѾʮûˣӦе˸Ҳ˸ˡ
ʶҵĸף
Ҷٺеʵ⻹һʦ֮ĸ׵Ĺˡ
ߡҪΪҶĶӾͿһǰС
һıŭҧгݵӣƺҶٺһ¶ݺݵ˵
ҵĺӷųԶô
һڣһϴеĻϢʶΪģȻǿҶٺп಻ѡ
ٺ٣Ҳ̸̸ˣھͰ
ҶٺæȰǰŭĻ𽣬˵žҪʯ֮еٻ
Ҷٺһңָ棬ּ̧һӨ׹⣬Ǵʯȡʱе
׹˸ɢȻȴɿһ
Ҷٺ㶵Ŀŵ棬ûɰǰڰʯռ䵱ȡ֮ʱ൱˳İ
ҶٺͿˣһʹͷ
ҵΪͰܻҪԶ༸βܳɹǺǡ
סŶĺУҶٺ˼ΣȴȻûа㷴ӦҶٺпһвã롣
ѵ
Ҷٺɴûнʯռ䵱аҪǿռ䵱вסеĻСҪ

ѾȥˣæҪʯռ䵱һ̽
·Ѿ˰ʯռ䵱еһյѿĵǣм仹ͬ塢һҺ壡
ٽʯռ֮ǰҶٺԺз·һޱȱ䣬ͬǧ꺮
ҵĺʲô󰭣ҵһɱ㣡
үɲҪӾ͹˰ܾʰҪ˰
Ҷٺмͬȹϵϣ̾Ҫʯռˣ
ǰһƬããĿռ䣬ҶٺһۿȥͿĺɫ塣
ǺɫѾ֮ǰĻƶСͬһСˣʱɢļµĿֲ
Ǻɫ徹ȻԶɳҲ֪Ǻǻ
ںɫɢ˾Ⱦ֮£ʯռ䵱еһعգҶٺޱȽš
ǺΧƮϰٿżƷҩӨҩɢƬռԵö˼
ùգ
ҶٺƬԼĿռ䣬ҲǸеһļ£ⰲĿռЩܲס
ΣҶٺҪҳ֮ǰӽڵģѾ鵰ǣ
ȻҶٺѰ֮£ȻûпƬռһ˿񵰵ĺۼ
Ҷٺ챻ˣ˫ȣ롣
Ҫͷĳˣˣô찡
ֻкϰҩҶٺһ壬Ȼǰһ˾۵ıȴػԼǲûЩˣ
ҶٺĿǰϰҩͻȻһݹ⣬һݣҶٺһᣬǰĳ֥ȥ
ȻҪҲҪúңЩˣͷɵ񣡺ߡ
ҶٺץסǰͬƵ֥ʱһȸдҶٺƺҪˣ


033 ҩ
֥ȻӵоЧȻȴ˭иܵģǧ¶ȣܰ˿ȥ
˻
óԣŵı
Ҷٺһ˺һƬ֥⣬̴ҭĳ¶춼·Ҫˣ
УһɹͬҽȵĻԪӿҶٺںֱײƺҪѹǵ
Ԫޱ޼ʣͬһƬƵҶٺ壡̴Ҷٺð

Ҷٺͬİ۵ȥʹкҹţϲϴȸУ
ȣͬޱ߻˿ͬձɹҶٺоԼҪըˣ
Ȼʱһ䳹ǵĺдҶٺӿͬ±Ȫ㺮ĸо鲼Ҷٺȫ
Ҷٺʳݵõĳɾ伫֮Ԫ
Ȼ٣ȴԱסҶٺ岻Ԫƣ
ѽ
Ҷٺ͵͵ǧˮԪԪʱŨŨˮ
ҶٺʹзȥʱɵɫʱɳѪĺɫˮ
ҶٺڣԭӵеԪѾӴĻԪˣһ㱡ķ㸲Ҷٺľ֮ϣͬĻԪ
ۿҶٺϽеԪҪĴˣ
ڴʱһԶһ֥
˵ʱʱ죬һźɫȭͷĻ漲зҶٺгϲ֮飡
ȭͷĺɫչкȻһֻͨĻһ׳չἴ֮һķβǽ
һ˫ˮ˴۾ֱʹҶٺ·൱кøУ
쳤һදöھʹеҶٺ֡
˵Ҷٺϣ˷ܵҶٺ죡
̨ҲǻѰſҰ
ҶٺæͷƴҡܿĻǡ
Ҷٺ֪µĺӲһԣȴԣ
Ϊˣ񰡣
ȻСȴûоʹ˷ŹҶٺȻĵҶٺͣĳɸˡ
СҶٺѺ̬ɣ
ʱҶٺڵԪϡ޾ĻԪԪߣҶٺؿ֮ӿ
ˡ
ҵйڵĻԪҶٺؿ֮ӿǻγһȭͷӵ

ҶٺؿޱۣͬһشؿһʹͬһĲ
ȻվҶٺؿ֮ϵСȴǱǹɻԪ˲֣
ûоʧ룬˷ܵ
󡭡
һƬʯڵĿռҲ·һ󶶶
ҶٺڵĻԪѸٵˣ·ûоͷһ㣡
ȻĻԪȴγһĹ֣Сһ
Ϊ޾ԪõйؿҲѾľòٸеʹˣڴﵽһƽ⣡
ҶٺڣԭͬӱӿĻԪѾʣ޼ˣͬԪţ
ҰԵĻԪͬһ֮ѲţֻҪһǳԪ㷢
Ԫˮû˿һһε赲ס˻ԪĽ
һһΣܶʼòϢ
ڣĻԪþùΪеԪݺݵͬ⵶һԪ֮У
䣡
ԪеĻԪ״˫ƣɲǼ䣬ԪԪԪɻԪ߻׷ѣ
ģ߷·һ㣬ֻǻ·׷ţȴҲûˣ
ҶٺԪƽˣǱҶٺ嵱С


034 öʳ
ҶٺҲڲٱĥصˣƽϢѾԹȥˣϾܵļ尾ʵ̫пˡ
ٻ֮ǰҶٺǰʯռ䵱еС˳ȥ̣ʯռ䵱еҩ
С㣬ճʵ統еһʱ˳˯Уʺ濪ʼתΪ졣
һ֮Ҷٺת
ʱǽľ֮ϵУȻУȻȴһƬƻͨ»һϵȲҶ֯ɵĲϯ
ǻһðѵҵʲôϵɣ
Ҷٺ˫ֳĳŲϯʹ廹ûȫָ
ҶٺԣһŻȼŵĻ棬ӦþҶٺڰʯռ䵱ٻˡ
ͨһ㣬Ǻɫһ׵壬һż๣β͸һ׶೤ˣԵ൱Ρ
ʵҶٺԣ˯Ŵƺ൱ϲҶٺߡ
֪ǻȥأôûˣ
Ҷٺսս˵һ˯Сͷ
ɢĳȻû˺Ҷٺ͵Ķ˵
ôȿԼΪûнչɣ
ǰҶٺоҵһķʽȶһ֮ȻܷܵͬɽܣʶԼΪѾͻˣ
ڣɫԵޱȻͬһӾµĲʾнӰȴʵͬ㻺
⣬Ҷٺڵе൱죬һʱɫдŵһʱ̺
⡭ѵѾΪʦˣ
ҶٺľעԼڵ״ĺȻҲ̲סˡ
ˣҶٺѾ˿ɷˣ
ǿ˵㲻ʲôһαչؾȥˣȻҶٺ˵ȴǿ̹İ
ͬŵָָҶٺľˣ
Լ׵ʦɭܿҶٺľˣ
Ϊţȴ֮Ϊû˿Ҷٺľˣ
ȻȴԲ˵ǿǿ֮ģ
ʱ˿̣Ҷٺˣһɾʦ
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СųҶٺǰţʱ¸µĽ·ֺҶٺһ㡣
ܻͬȼնһ㣬ò𣬵֮УƤҲֱ֨֨졣
СȸҪʳԹ
ҶٺСǰƻƣһ˫۾ǵ⣬æӰʯռ䵱ٻһ֥СǰһһΡ
СǰѾӳѪƻȼյ֥¸µĹֽš
Ļεβҡ͵ǰȥ뽫֥ߣȴǼζûе𵽡
ף֥ôôˣɫˣ
Ҷٺ۾֥ȡ꣬ȻǵСһյѽֽС
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ǺǡüһкöʳأɱҭŶȻҪ˵ģ
ҶٺٺһЦҲûиеŭ֥˵亱ȻЧȴֻһΡ
ٳҲһԪˣҶƽҶٺ˵ǶҩһĴڡ


035 ʱ
Сѽһ֥ǴĿһڣʱص磡
Ҷٺ̰ԵСֻųԣҲԼҡͷʯռˡ
Ȼڰʯռĳ֥ҲǷ˱죬ôһʯˣ
Ҷٺͷһ۱Ѿվڰʯռ䵱ˡ
ȻﻹҶٺʶʯռ䣿һƬããмһӴռ䣿
Ҷٺǰģһһ޼ʵĺɫû˿ֻдĺڣɴļµĺڣ
Ҷٺһ۱ӳǰѹζҩǽǳñԭ˶󼸷ˣƬռ䵱ΨһĹԴǱɢĵӫ⣡
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Ҷٺһ𾪵һƬɫĿռ䣡ռ侹Ȼб仯
صʵУҶٺʯٻϸϸꡣ
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ͻȻҶٺһµĲϯ͵ץһݣӵʯıռ䵱ˡҪҳǰʯʲôЧã
Եõʯ֮ҶٺһֱûкúõоıԻָԼΪĪ͡
ȻƬ֮󣬽ʯռ䵱еҶٺûмԭǶݣһҩԱ߷һѷĩ״ĺɫҳͼССɫСݡ
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ֻҪҶٺԸ⣬ȫŰʯͷʵޱȿֲޣޣ
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Ҷٺ͵˼ϲ5ʯĹʱʯֵ춯Ҳ޷е˷֮飬ѵγɵḶ́
ô˵ԺӵһԼ磿
Ҷٺ֣нŰʯͷֱ졣
ӵһƬĴǧ磬ͬΪһصּ̧֮ɱ飡
ֻҪӵһأԻ֮СΪãʵͷſֲܣ
Խ˽ԼС֮УΪΪƣΪ
֪ҪβʹŰʯ״̬Ǹʱұһӵǿʵˣ
ҶٺѾֵˣ৵һ嵽ڣҲûѽ׷С
Ҫľ֮£ҼֲһŸҶ϶öʯǷȷĹЧ
ȻҶٺܵľĶڣӭһվԭصˡ
ҶٺٺһЦһվڶڵ·֮ϵɫ˭ˡ
𽾲ĴڶڣסҶٺǰĵ·
һ˫Ϭ۾͸ޱϵƣҶٺѾԹԵվҶٺҼϿ־ùеСɨ
С񹾹ĽţǰĴһ൱Ŀ־壬һַĿ־塣
Ҷٺһеˣôôһͷıأ
ڣ˾þýֵľ档һ˫⻬ץҶٺ֮ϵС뽫ԼߣһҶٺ׵˵ʲô
һקСһ߶ݺݵĿҶٺʵʲôˣˣ
찡ϴҲ밡ҪҲûа취ҸռͲˣ
Ȼ𽲻קСȻСȴǲԻףƴ˴ųһ˫צʹȴǰѲץס˫צĻ𽡣

С񲻶Ϸƺ൱Ըⱻץߣһ˫Ĵ۾Ҷٺȡ
޼ƿʩĻҡһ䣬ʱٴαҶٺֻǷĳ𽣡
Ȼ·ҪҶٺһ㣬Сǰͬ࣬ܵͬеϢȴֻǹ˼ҪܵҶٺĻС


036 
һʱ󣬽ľ
ҶٺοϢļ֮ϣʱʵСһ΢ЦŶǰݺݵĶĻ˵
İɣһúչģһԼĸĸ
סĳŵɣҪ֪˵ĸĸҲŹģ
ٴλγˣ˵Զͬǧ꺮һû˿顣
ţҶٺûзӦԭյбһѤ߲ʿȸᣬĿŻ𽡣
þȣĸĸܺðɣһĻᣬúϧɣСӣ
ҡһ䣬ٴαӴ𽣬졣
һ̰ɣ
ҾͲˣ
ҶٺĲ˻ıϣСȴޱֱ̰ӷɵߣŻȻɢǿ棡
СľٶҲĶҶٺ˵
лĻʶ¸ɣкôġ
ʵڣ˲ɳ֮ң
ƾŻǿѹɭеǰðò˶೤ʱ䣬ҶٺѾɭֵˡ
żתҪߵĻ𽣬ҶٺæʳлѹѾõ⡣
㣬֪ҵĸĸ𣿡
ֻҪҵĸĸĸĸȻġҲ֪
һ䣬ôضһչᣬɲǱʧӰˣֻһ仺Ļ
úöԴѾ㵱Լˣ

ǰĿĵأɭֵصĳڣ
ҶٺվһƬƵɭֵУ۶˿ɫ壬ҪܹԼڸ֮µľ
С𣬿ȥʯռɣɲñ˼ҪȻˡ
ҶٺһѽϵСץǵеƴ
ҶٺΪС˸֣С𣬾СջΪŲ𽣬磡
֮ԵƽȴҶٺĵ̰ˣСԼСܡ
ҪϿˣҲ֪жѾ߳ȥˣ
ҶٺϵװҪԶɢŹĶڡ
ȻʱƿԶɲǱ㳬ԽҶٺǶڶȥˣ
⻹ˣȵģ
Ҷٺŭ߳һ̿ݵһ׷ǰˡ
ѾʦҶٺٶѾﵽ6000ÿ룬ֱһܳս߾ھŲΪҲ4500ÿˣ
ףⲻǶʦ𣿡
ҶٺһǱŰıߵĶأʱɫۣٲȻһλǿߡ
׷϶ľȻڵɭСҶٺһֽУĶҶٺ
㣬ôģûܣôܱǻҪ죡
صľȲûɵģǧ࣬Դצǿ굽ɭֵء
ҲǲԼжٴβ޵Ŀֲצ֮ˡ
ȻҪӵɭֵأΪԼǵһġ
ȻȴǰѾһ߾ڰ˲С椣Ȼֻ߾ĲҶٺܵˣ
ҲνпʵҶٺǿսôô죡
ؾɥò㱧ͷʹޣһͣ¿С
ٺ١ҵȷǿսģͱȥüء
ҶٺЦȴǿలοʹĶأͻȻ
ˣǰС˭
ô֪ҲǸողżûкڨأ
عһԵЩĻ䣬ǽܲʵһ߾ڰ˲Ůϳˣ񻹱һ߾ĲСһ׷ˡ


037 ְ
Զǽ̤ɫŮ˺Լת˲ɵҶٺͶصǰ
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Ҷٺд̾ǰЦŮӣĿɿڴصϸ
ôܣʦչؿ޵𣡡
أҶٺСһ𣿣
ŭĿǰҶٺͶأһ˫ۻ̲סƼ΢ЦҶٺ
Զصʵν֪ףؽ̵֮µ߾ھŲŵӡ
ҶٺĵϸҲǶ꣬ȻһȴȻҶٺʵΪΡ
ΪҸߣѵʲô۷
ԴҶٺΪϾɲΪҶٺڶ̶³ɾ߾ھŲΪ
ƹһ֮λߵ֮ȻҪһ²ܶ˭ʤ˭ģأ
زĵ˵ɲԸ׽һò׵ĵһ֮λøˡ
λα˿أֻҪǴʱһͬЭ߳ɭ֣Ǿǳɼõǰˣһأ
ҶٺȴûȤʱȰ
ߣԼʵ˵Ȼô˵ˣѵǻҪѵһøţ
ĵ˵һ仰ͰҶٺڵͶصĶ棬űԶƵ
أһ°ɣֻҪңǵһû˵꣬˫ִһ׳ɴִĻڰиֶֽһ㳯غХȥ
ص䣿Ŀұ̸ˣ
һ󾪲˲ָһĹףһ򻹴Ĺͷϣ
ҶٺҲһ󾪺ص䡱Եɺ֮£һԶߵĶ֮зֵа칦
似ܻϹΪ¸ܳɾ֮գ

кʱ綾ޱȵĶҺʱܵصԸһ
ٻףѪģʹþף޿ɱܵûΪ˿˿
òȴδزܴģߣ衭
һȣ˫ְڳµƷʱһͬĽٵҰϢϽٶ£
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شһ屻ǧľѹýˣڼʦı
ɲǼ촽õķˣȻܲ˱ĵľ޴
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ҶٺվڲԶĵϣΧƣеޱءĸԼؿڣΪǰ˵ҳ̶ȸеԾΪѵ
ﲻﶡǱߵļһأƺ첻ˣ
ڣҶٺǺ߻ڰеͬವһ˳ȥ
ǰһæɣϾԵֵġ
Ҷٺ˵̤׷粽׷ãóһ·


038 ̵
Զɷ͵ɲΨһѾɷˣ
Ҳǿ֧ţٿΨһĵĹŶأ뽫ʹ˶ɱ
ʱһĿԲ׽Ľ⡰ಡһڶصǰɹ׵ı㽫˸
ǼأѾ׻ԭؼƯˡ
ۡ
ԼٻҲˣʱ⵽似ķɣ͵һںѪ
ȴǷŭΧҳ˭Ͷصս
˭ڴʱ͵ϮС㣿
ƹҿû͵Ϯ˼ֻⳡԾȴ̫ʱˣʵڿȥ
һѹ°ܻƵ
Ц񲻽ùŹ૵
ôе񡭡
ڴʱҶٺѾджһɵı飬һ˿΢ЦԵȻڣֶϻƮٲȻһֵӡ
ٺ٣λ͸ңҵһȥɣ𣿣
Ҷٺϸ˵Ե൱
ȡ
ȳһСںѪʵ
ƾʲôǹõһ㣡ʵ𣿣
ʱ˿̵ҶٺҲˣסʯϢڸá
ʱһƴϯʦӦеƣ
ô˰ɣ
ҶٺǰѾԾĿɿڴŵѼʵ

Ҷٺɭ֮Ѿ˰ˡԷģڴɭֳڵĽڣоȹȥķϲ»ҪѰ
ΪԵģһȺǿޱȳݣ׷ǻҪߣ
һɭ߳ҶٺʦǿΪٴγΪڵʮĴӵΨһţٴγΪ˵Ľ㣬߾ĽĶ
꣬Ҳķϲʦ
ʯ쾪һˣ
һ漣½漣
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رЩϰʦϵ֡
ҶʦܣСӣøλøҶʦ
һ߾ŵҶٺǰͷ·
Ҷٺ϶ʱһһףɵܲЩͬŵӵġ顱дͱǰΪ·ߡ
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Զǰۿŵӷ׷׾£һ𣬶ѾΪȫҶٺָֻš
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Ҿ˵ôһķأԭʵɽ¶ˮˡ
ˣǰ¼ʱ򻹵ˣ˵Ǹǳأ֪᲻ᰵҸˣ
˵硣Ҷٺ˵бøߴˣǰǸˡ
ܲ˰ǰǸû˸ҽʶûԸʱأ
Ҷٺոոһǰ׵ŵӣ̲ס̾Ϣ
ǰЩ˻ɭֻʲôʱȴˣе̬
ԶĶغҲˣΪڶǾȻʽ
ںԼʶͬŵ̸ţʱʱ˳ΧƵҶٺƳ˼ۣʾ߿
ĵڶʲô˲ҫ۳̶ȱȵΪʦķϲҶٺ
˵ǶŵӺѡˣʦҶٺԱ˸зչǱ
ƹ˵Ҳʵǿ˰ôûż̸أ
ͬйƤһ㣬űϰΧˮйͨҶٺ̲ס̾Ϣ


039 طʦ
˱ˣˡ
ص䡱Ȼɢһġصʣ׽ֺȴֲҽӽм˵
ʲô˲ģʦ𣿸ʱ䣬ҾͻƵʦ
ҲһĬȻȷҶٺһʮ꣡
ٻʲôأʮʦߣҲһλ츳ˣ
˰һСӶˣǿɶͬĵ츳ѣ
صǴܴô߻ôŷӰ
ˣ֪Ҷٺ츳ûأ
ȻѣæطҶٺ츳ȴһ󵨺
ͨ˵츳ǲڴһץеĴ·𣿡Ȼ

˴ͨߵ߸еĺġ
еĵ졣ҴҲ½ɭֵи˳һڣɫġ
ȥμʮߣŻĲʮˣ
Щ;еĵӣվǳΪʷ̳ôһʵΪʱûж˻ǡ
ͨȫع飡ʱ֮ţ
𣬺죡
ԶһСɽ֮ϣµһһŮվɽ֮ϣңһ㱻ΧмҶٺ
еĺȻǱҶٺװ˴˵ֿ־Ҷٺµİ˻ʹؿʱԡ
Ůı֮Ů̾꣬ɫӵűҶٺҲ֪Щʲô
벻Ȼص֮ѵǰŹǴΣҲǼװ𣿣
ֿ־ɳƵĺ˵˵еͬһĺһ
ʱԶȺеһ󵨲ȻӵһļƵĵˡ
̾ҹĻ£ʮϸָԣٲȻһλ绪Ůӡ
Ҳûлشֿ־ĻĿеֿ־ҶٺĹ߰ˡ
ҶٺѵһжǴʹûң
̾жʱһԹҧгݵ³֣ͬԵֿ־һһģ

ʱҶٺɭһͬʩչĴŲͻʦŵУ
һ߾Ȼֻʮţ
ʮҴߵУʮµΪϸߵߡʵֻǰװ׵ĵɭеڻҡ
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ǰҶٺأֱƷƼסƷƼ״סƷƼ߱ޣ
΢һ֮󣬺ļ˳عʮӣԻһʦǰʮԳΪŵӣص
ţҶٺԺͻȻƾճһλǺĵܴ
Ҷٺڿʼ˵״ˣĹغʦлٵȴ˴ٰɣ
Ҷٺ˿ڿԲŹغǸϲˣϽ뿪Ⱥֱǹغĵľ
µľٵĺˣҶٺֱпʦΪȷٶȺ֮ǰ߾Ĳٶȣֱͬһεġ
ʦڵߣսʮ߾ھŲ߶ܣ̤ʦң½ҲһЩʵˣ
Ҷٺһɳ۶ȥһ
ʦ֮󣬻ʡۡڡʥ󾳽硣
֮ʵɲֵһᣬҲǿһСɫˣϾϵĸ߽߿˵֮١
ǰǻˣչᣬΪʯΪǽͬɽؾһ˿֮


040 
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ҶٺŸߵǰȴűԶˣ¶һĶڡ
ʦΪ·ûа죬ȴǱڵĹغķˡ
һƬĻ󡰻һƳȳȵ⡣
ͷӵԽԽˣ
ҶٺӻĸĹζ͵͵̾Ϣܿ۾ڳŵŨŨ
غĵ״ˣʮˣֻʣ°Ӳдʱſ֧Ųס˰ɡ
ҺҾҪ뿪ˣϽ߰ɣ
Ҷٺʵ֧ŲסˣÿŵڵĸζһɽϢĳ嶯
ȻûҶٺڣڻڱ㴫ɳƵģͬĴ̶
ͽʦúÿɣѾʦ˰찡
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߽ҶٺѾѽŲŵúСģȴ⾲׵Ļ谵աԵͻأȻ
ٿǰǹغĶĵطһīĹƣ·ŵһͷħ
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ҶٺһȿľޱϤҩ¯ʱ¯Ҳûκεҩˡ
Ҷٺǵãÿһνݼغģŵ¯Ƶֵҩζ
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ҪˣĵҩǸԵġȻѾʦˣͲҪƵĵҩˡ
һԴ紵ڵҲһҡҷغҲҵ紫ҶٺĶС
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Ƭ̣غĲŻ˵һֱҸԵĵҩ𣿡
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ǵģͽѾķԸҩȫˡ
Ҷٺƽ˵˿û˵ѵľΪԼʦ
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ǺӰе˻̧ͷ¶ֻʣһƤͷǹغģ
ʼδıҶٺһʶİڳһƣĿʦ

غһ˫ҶٺͣЦڿֲĻڻص
ϵҩζ˸ҩζŨģٺ١
˵꣬غĿ͵һӣһɫԻδɳܡһݺҶٺ͹غĵԣ

Ҷٺϵĺɫ壬ʱͬһҪȥץסǵϵ壬ȴǱЦеĹغһӴ֣һĻ谭סˣ
ӣ
Ҷٺ˹Ĵ󺰣ĳڷ޷Զ״ˣ
ϵĺɫ壬ȻҶٺĺѷӣ
ʱһɫĲ״ذţΨһ¶ͷҲֻʣµɵԲԲľֵ۾ͱӣԼȴֻǷ͡

ϵķǾķһԵĽͽ͵ڵϣǰƴҶٺһ͵Ĺغģ
Ϲ㵽׶ʲô
Ҷٺŭ۾ҲһƬˣ˫ַһһɫǰ͸Ļȥȴûз㲨


041 ҩ
ֲҩڳˣȻ󲿷ҩЧһСϣҾͽͽͰɣҵĹͽ㲻ΪʦҩˣҪΪҩˣ
غĲⱵĿЦ·ϲһ㣡ҶٺУƹغĵ壬ͬǧ
񱩵еĹغ˫һͻӣʱڹڳͬһ㽫ǰҶٺ͵ϵķڿ¿ҡ
ϳȾͬħ
Ĺ
ҶٺƿڴиǷӡƷơֻءӰҶٺõ似ʩչˣȴκĹغġ
ΪʦͽţԼǿ似ð
غͬɳҶٺͷӵĺɫȻһ˼۴С
ǺεţվҪΪҳ¯ˣ
غŭһͬǧشݺݺҶٺͷӵĿ֮ϣҵ˼ںѪ
øľ֮תػݡȪˮ綾ϵϰϡҩΪҩԴٲݾҩΪҪһʦͯΪҩӣ¯üҹһԶŴĽҩ굤Դ˰ֻ꣬
غͬӰ㲻ͣĻ˫֣Ϊߵʹаеĺɫ
ħȻħ;ˣ
Ҷٺþȫ·ĹغĺݺݵһҺغֻӳĺˣ
ˡ
غĹһӣλڻм¯Ӷʱɶ
ˣʱΪԼˣֻҪһָָഺһΪħ¼µģ
غһͷ׷裬״ħ
ϲģ㲻ú
Ҷٺ󺰣ڵѾõõƿ;ˣ޷֮ıɫӽ¯֮У
ܣ
ǧ¯ȵĸס·¯Ҷٺͷӱ¯ˣ
ٺ١ҹ֮Ҿܳǿı굤ˣ
¯֮⣬غԵô⣬ٴǺڰֵĻУ񵤳¯
ٴϢӦȥĹغǿзù쵤ҩµĸá

¯֮УһƬĻȼաǲ֪ʲôɵ¯ڱڣϿǳ衣
Ϸ¯Ǹǿ̱ǣ֮С¯ͬɸɽ㣬ϰҩҶٺˡ
ݵҶٺ񱩵ֳϽƵĺɫ״壬ȴԺֺ
ȻſڡĽţҶٺеӣжһƬʪˡ
ĺֵܰ
¯ڵ¶Ȳ¯ȼļȼմĳȣʱǧȸ£¶ȣǿҲҪڰ
ҶٺͷӵԣĶѾֱð֭ҺҩŨ˱Ƕ
Ҷٺ˲ǺҩһСҩ¯еһɹܡ
¶ȲΪʦߵҶٺѾЩͲסˣ˵ҶٺԵķˣŵͽ͵ţǺˮµİɫ壡
ϲЩʲôȻŪ˵
ҶٺһŭѾ˰ʱжˣȴԶԸϵĺɫ
¯֮⣬غԽԽŨζʱһ󼤶
ٺ٣ҩʼڻ˰Ҫֵҩڻˣ
ʱһ¯ڻϲ㲻óѵģ㣡
ٺ٣ҵĺͽʲôԸģΪʦһ˽Ըģ
ҵԸҪ㲻úӾ
ҶٺغҲн˼ӡ¯֮µļ𡰅ܡһŴ󼸱ɫĻѾҪɫˣ


042 
¯ڣܵ¶һҶٺд󼱡
Ϊ֮ǧȸ£Ǵʱڵϣϲð̵ķ°
ʱķӻаϵĺɫѾյڻˣȻȴǱó죬̴Ƥ֮Ʈɢ

ʹ۾Ѫ˿д־
ͣҪ
ҶٺͣкţҲˡвͷˮƣһˮڷӵϣһ
Ȼһȴͽ͵ģϵĳ첻ҶٺѾŵζˣ
ӣס
Ҷٺȫˣ㺹ڷӵϣˮ
ҶٺӰʯռ䵱ȡ֥͵ӵһɵĴ֥÷ӲϢȥˣ
ϼȣѩϼ˪
һƬ𺣵зʳмٶȸµĻ֥ĻԪܰ˻
Ҷٺĳӷû֥ӵд֮壬ͿҶٺһԵ¯еĸˣ
»֥ķͬҩһ㣬ڵƴķԵޱʹ࣡ѪƤ֮´ܳ漫ֲ
ԲˣӣͺˣΨһ취
Ҷٺŵʹ಻ķӣٿһʯռ䵱С
󡭡
СӰʯռ䵱з˳ܻ𺣣ʱȸԾͬõ˱ĺӣϴµʳһʱ¯ڵҩ
ŻڵŵСҶٺһ΢ЦʹǧȸµĻ¯УȻ塣
û֮ǰҶٺӵǧȸµ¯УҲֻб³
ȻʱȴӵŴ֮壬Ȼ⼫ˣһ¯ڵ
¯֮⣬غһϲҲӡĽˣҩڱ˰굤ˣ
һ죬Ӿͱ¯еļյҶٺǿа֥ӽʯռ䵱У֪
¯ʣҩһһڻҩ̺üҪγˮˡ
ŵŨҩĹغںڰУеǰҩ¯ڸǲס˷ܡ
ڶ죬¯ڵѾСʳòˣΪ¯ڵҩӡ桱
СϸӾǿĻͷų¯¶ȸǰδе¶ȣɰغĿޱȻϲ
¯ڵ¶ԽߣеĵҩܵõõҩЧܸˣβϲأ
¯еҶٺʱʱĽк޷ǾһЩغĵĻǹغȴԽԽϲˣ
ΪĺͽҲ֧Ųסл㾦֮ҩӾҪʼˣ
һ죬ҶٺѰʯռ䵱еҩȡڸ¯һҩļͬʱСܹյǿĻ棡
޻ҶٺѾһԸغĵĹƣһٲļƻ
죬¯ڵŨҩ㿪ʼɢˣΪ¯ڵҶٺССϰҩϷ˵Ľ
Ҷٺƾŷ¶ӵĶʮӵЧҩ׹ʦڵΪʮҩٻʯռ䣬ǿеʯɽЧİҶٺôأ
ʣµļʮҩ㱻С¶ˣȻʲôЧСϾǶ֮컯ɵޣʮҩǿܵƷˡ
¯֮⣬غһɻ
ѵҩʲô⣿򲻿ɵģ
еҪ¯ǿƵеҩ׷ʲô£ȴֲҴ򿪣Ͼһ¯ǣ¯ڵҩƮɢƳҩҩЧۿˣ
ԶųдĽҩȷͬ죬ҩҲǺһҩͬ
غÿḧ룬һ˫۾ںڰ


043 
죬Ҷٺʯռ鿴ӵʯ֮ǿ϶ܹһʱϤʯռڳֵ춯
ʯռڣɫ޹յУž
ϰҩҩɻƯյСҶٺսʯռ䣬һʱ㷢֮ǰյòķӡ
ȻѾָòˣӨһҲûбյóõĺۼ
Ҷٺе𾪵ǣ߲һҵķ֮ھȻһһװ˸ߵı׳Ĵˣ
ʯռ䵱еķӷ·Ҳ֪Ƭյг˱仯
Ҷٺ֮æһŭĳҶٺ󺰡
˵ʲôطˣȥģְӵôһԪĹط㻹ֵ㣿
ֱۿҪʩбķӣҶٺæЦ
ֵܣҲûа취˵ҵʱʲôѾܹ뵽Чķ
ɣҸȥľˣҪұڵĹӣ㿴ѾʮҺúõһ̣ˣ
ӱʹĽкţҲеɳˣ·ʲôǿһ㣬ոܵҶٺߣİƵڵϣնȭͷһᣡ
ʲôԼ޶˵ľʹأʱ䰡һ߿ɾĻԻͰ
ҲܰΪһЩɣȻȴǰװ˷ôƽء
ҶٺҲӵģò׵ȷӴйˣҶٺЦʵ
˷ȷҵĹҲ޷ƵġҲΪ㲻Ƿų֥ҿʱ仯
ҶٺĻһʱ仹ûзӦ˵ʲô֥ڼǿ߶ȥĳ֥
˵ʲô֥ꣿ
͵һڿˮ˵
ǰҪʱҸ֥ˡꡯǰϰҩҩеһְ
Ҷٺ΢Ц˵·˵ĲǼҳ㷹һ¡
Щҩг֥
ӵ΢΢ţòŵֱֱŲԶƯŵϰ귺ӫĵرͻȻһֱֱĵڵˡ
ɡһҲ̫˰ɣ
Ҷٺ΢ЦҡҡͷǵһοԴһķӱŵûȥˡ
ãӲתѹ֮ʱʱתͷȥƳǶѼֵǵĵرݺݵ̼ڿˮ
ԼĺֵܶǶĵرϲҶٺ൱󷽵˵
ÿˣʰϹ֮ʮ㻹𣿣
ҶٺĻһ˼Ҷٺ峺ޱȵ۾ɤʵ˵ģģ
һƭ𣿣
ҶٺЦȭͷݺݴڷӵؿ֮ϣ򿪼Զ㻹ҵΪ𣿣
Ҷٺİʯռ䵱еĵرû˿УЩЩƷˣ֮ϧңӵʯûҩô
ûж˵ʲôӵӡҶٺӡˣаԷĵҷʲôûУһֵܣ㹻ˣ
Ҷٺû뵽ǣһ֮ȴΪӮһΪһսʿӵ
˵ʲô׻ģֵܰ
ҶٺæϷӿȵĸж˷ܵڱôˣҿһ£
ҶٺԷӵʱ仯൱Ȥ˼ͳ֥̺ĺ嫻Ԫ˫ӵһ˾޴ʱ䣡
ʩչ鿴ӵʺҶٺʱһϲ
ֻӵﶼһɹɺɫůĺ͵ڷӵʡ鿴£ӵһƤѾͬһ죡
֮⣬ͻԪһһĴӱֻ߾ΪѾ߾ڰ˲㣬һССĸˣ


044 ׼͵Ϯ
Сôһı
Ҷٺ˷ܵ˵Ӹеˡ
ʵҶٺĴ֮廹Ҫǿһʣ
ߵʺ츳һҲеĲͬԡһΪءȣ츳һΪˡءȣȻһЩ͵ȵĻʺ츳
ҪõһԵȴѵģ
ʹķҲû߿ӵУ
Ȼӵһʵȴͬһ̨մĻһ㣬ͨûһʵǿ֪
߻е츳Ļʣһ似ţ
Ҷٺ̲ס޵ԤɳķӾһܲٿصǿߣ
ټʳĹغṩĲ֪ҩӾƤ񣬶Եʱ൱Ŀߣ
ˣʱȥԸغϲˣ
ҶٺٺһЦŷٿһ¯У
Сʳ˼⼫ѾԵˣ˯ڻȼյ¯ڵСϣͣŹࡣ
СʯʱЧ֮£øƮݿˣϵë⡣
ʱ٣һ죬һ꣡ʯռǴʹ
󣬱ǹغĴ¯֮ˣҶٺͷݱ׼һ͸غĵĴ񡪡١һ񾫡һʯƶɵļţ
ֶ߽Ļҩɵļǿţڵĸ߽߶Ҫŷˣ˵غ˵ˣ
ʱתۼţغѾеĵȴʱ̵ĵˡվھ޴ӵ¯֮ǰ˷ܵû
һôʥʱ̰غ۹˸ĿǰѾɢҩ㣬Եƽޱȵ¯޷
ﻮļƻҪɹˣΪ˽죬ÿ춼Լ۰ͽʳҩ壻Ϊ˽죬ϧֹͣѰָԪķ
Ϊ˽죬ϧħֻΪܰѼ죬ȫΪ굤
ͽֵȪһҪÿİʦǵġ
غ૵ɲΪҶٺͷҹļ֮˿֮»ܴ
¯ƽĴڻУ¯µļѾϨˡ
¯֮Ѿɢҩ㣬ҩϵľڵҩеı֣ǵҩѾɵı֣
굤غĻָԪػ֮·ʱ̵ˣ
𣡡
غŭһ˫֮͵ķɳīĺǧ¯Ǵ÷
¯Ȼû˿ҩ㴫غֻԶҩ֡ŵһһ¯ߣ
ҶٺסӵһѾҪȥķסʾû͵Ϯʱ䣡
ֿտҲ׼ڰʯռ䵱еļġ
գգ
غĵĽŲͬٽĿֲڣغĵ˫֡žһ¯ߣۿžҪͷ쵽¯֮ϣ

Ҷٺŭһŷӵ͵һƣֺɵĸ߾٣Ҫʯռ䵱еţ

غ͵һ㶣ʹϼ޻뵽ҶٺͷӻûҪ͵Ϯأ
ͳŹغһ㶵˲䣬Ҷٺ֮ϰ׹һһڣԵüƽȭͷ徲֮ϣ
ȭͷĺһΧʮ֮ڶʱܺɫ磬ҲŤˣѹϢϴ
ȥɣϲ
Ҷٺ󺰣к͵¯֮Ѿ¶ĹغĵĶͷ
ͬʱΪػʵķ˲ٻŵĻƣǳɫĻǵضغģ
һ֮Ҷٺͷݵһܽ˰ʯռ䵱УֻһССʯһ¯֮ڣ
ͽ㾹ҼӺΪʦ
غһ֪ӭĺҵʮצĳȥ뽫˺ѣ


045 ħ
𡭡
Բ赲֮ƳʮžҪʳȭͷĺ
ͬһƽʯͷһ㳯غķȥȻƽΧĿȴͬˮһڣ
غһЦɲֻʦҶٺóʲôص似
ȻԼӴҲⲻˣ
ûκϢغڵ㱻ƽĺûȭͷĺغķȥ
ڣӯĺġǡ˹غֿ˫֣
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ȻûκϢһһйߵĺڹʹӱըĺӿ˹غĿݵ˫֣壬˻
һڹϢԻΪĵķԲ׵ķΧˣĻĲ

뻪֮챦͵̧ͷţ׶ɽ塣
˴ĵӣƣ̷ã飡
ͬһʱ䣬֮ڵĵӽԸܵԻ
ŵӣֻŵӣͷϵĹ˷ķȥ
ҶٺͷĲʵ̫ˣ£
˷߱ʦĴ治֮£½Ҫɱǣ


һʹĹֽȻͬҹХëȻ
ҩ̺Ӵɵźεǿ󣬾ܱȵһˣ
ҩƶɵţ̺޾ԪӵޱӴƣ䱬ըΧ֮ڵĻѾһƬڵķ
ԭػʲôҩ¯ʲô󣿷Բ׶һƬ
֮ϣһðź̵ˣѾûаˣ˫ϣں罹̿ǾӵƵĺը֮ҴĹغģ

һ൱ȫСըĹغģȻûбըûҷ
˵غԭеʵεǿ󣡲ʱȻס˺ըȴҲõ߳
ڵĹغǰԶһͨԲʯͷͻȻҶٺͷͬϷһԭأ
㵵Ŀ˿һƬǽΧҶٺавã뵽ʱһˣ
ҵĺͽгϢȻұƵľأ
ڵĹغϻðһͬڤ֮ϢϵĽ⾹Ȼһһ䣬¶ѾõĽƤ⣡

غķȰԹЦ
̫С֮ˣϰԶŽΪʦôôأҿܸİ
غľȻһĺƵͷһɢӢӣ
ɻԭһֱڳɵĵҩѹˣ
һñĵǰָഺĹغġ
ɻǷʦ˵ԶŽԳ֮֮꣬ɥ֮а
ȴףÿ٣Ϊ˲ˣ
غĴЦҲ˷ӵ͵ķһɢŨʬĺ㳯Ҷٺȥ
ˣ
Ҷٺغɹĺõ˼˿ŨѪȴηֱӹغġ
ͷѾɹˣɣ
ҶٺŭһҲڱתаʯâţȻٿһŽۼĹغʯռ䵱С
Ҷٺϵ˼ŲһغģԤĺ֣


046 һ˿
ܹʱİʯǹغѾ˲ˣԪ޶Ŀǣ
οʱҶٺѾ˲ݰʯռʱٶȵķùغһȥͻһg
ʯռ֮ڣغĿǰԶյŵҩѽֽУצĳЩȥ
ûзֵǣбļð̣ͬйһ㣬ѸٱѸٻɸݵã
ô
ע⵽ϷĹغĹֽһѾֻʣ¿ݹǵ˫͵ķعϣ
غıعǡһȫɢˣһѰ׹ǣ
Ȼ仹δǶѰ׹Ƕʱһڹ֣ɢȥ֮ʱõĹغֱ׳ʱģվԭأ
ʱⱵĴЦһǲģģ
ǻŸ䣬ɢһѰ׹ˡεûôˣҲûվ
ʱţغһѰ׹ճɷĩɢããС

ʯռ⣬Ҷٺ˿ҲûΪ˹غĶе˷ܡͷӿֻʣԭأǹЦ
ӣԲˣ
ҶٺЦ͵һͣ׹ͬͻȻһһ㣡
䣡
䡭
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һŵǰҶٺһƬڣϰٵؿںبϣžֱֱĵڵϡ
߾ڰ˲ΪôסʦҶٺĹأοû˿׼ֻһ㱻Ҷٺơˮƴˣ
ŶԽԽķɽХҶٺƳƳ˵ڵϵķӣа
Բˣҵĺֵܡ߱ʦҶһ˿°ɣкǰ;ġ
һҶٺԦŽµĽ⽣ǰ㳯ȥ
µɽ̲续ٺˣҶٺһƬƽ
ĥѵľʱ̱徻ټɭֵ¾ҶٺɱҲٵִˡʱҲỳԼǷѾһɱ˲գ۵Ķħ
ȻҶٺȴ˿еšԽͣתڼִֿܵδ
ʦٶܴﵽ6000ÿ룬ǴͬŵӴﲻġ
ߣЩĸԼΪڵмץһССʦͽ
ֻҪԸ̷õִӺʦŵˣ˵һкܴģ
Ҷٺ侲˵ԼΪоԵġ
ӵһʯҶٺܶԿͬ׵ߣôǸ޲͵Ĵˣ
ܲɣҶٺǰӭʮڵŵӣʦųֶϻͬŵӡ
ߺʮߣڳҶٺӭ
Ҷٺʦ֣ʦŷʲô𣿡
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Ҷٺǰ˵꣬൱죬΢һżɭһͬߡ
û˿Ҷٺ˫ֽӡ͵ĳǰһ֣һƣͷҲصļǰӶݶȥˣ
ˡ
ޱȵĻû˿ʮߵը𣬶ʱȼһƬ𺣣յѽУ
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Ϊ׵ߵĳһǰƿգʱ˷ʲô£һŷӦ߳ѾɳһξҶٺ׷ȥ
ҶٺȻûлͷֱǰȥֻҪֳ߷Сʱɳǧ֮⣬ڵΧ֮⣬λ½Ĺȡ
вߣɽ߻ʵԶҶٺڲɳһѸֽΪΧʦ
˵ҶٺٶĲţΪ½һɵȱľţΪʧȥһνġšʧء


047 ׼ӭս
ҶٺûзɳԶǰļӭȺŵӣжʮˣ
Ҷٺһɷӭŵڿ׼սļƣ
Ȼû׷ʲô£һɷʦܵͬŵӣٴ˶ܲµһʲôˡ
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Ҷٺŭһ׷粽ȣʱʮϰٵӰͬһ㣬ܹе似
䡭
ʮ似ײһ𣬼⣡ǿĴŰ
ֵˣӰ
ܹߵ似ҶٺѾͬڵһײǰʮߵУ˲ƾʧһõĺӰԣ

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Ҷٺƾһ֮㽫ʮ߾ɱ
Ҷٺ֮Уɨʣµİ߾ߣǿõսľմѪҶٺͬĶħ׺ֲ
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ҶٺͬħѪ֮
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Ҷٺ̤ѾȾɺɫĽ⽣ۺڰɫƵֻأͬڶɭɲĻ𣬷ֱߵߣ
⻹Ҷٺʱü֮״˳ʩչֻغͻ似ʱ
ֻء͡𡱣ҶٺպǿĶԵ似ڳ¶â
ҶٺһһѾͨɱȵˣʱҶٺҲӵԣʹֻظ
ˡ
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һлҲͬͬĿֲһֱһҵĺڶ˲γɣ޾ǿҲ޷ѣ
ʣҽҲûüͱͬĴһĺڶ˽ȥͷҲûʣ£
Ҷٺʮסһڣ󲻶׷϶ΪǿŵѾ׷ˣ
ͽ㾹ȻɱͬŵӣԼʦɱˣҪɱħ
һ߾ھŲ߷ŭ⣬ȻԶһޱȣ
غϲȻҪͽЩνɵҲһαӣҲҲգǾͷɣҶٺžǣ
ĪΪԼʮɾʦΪʲô˲ȱľţΪԼܴأ
ʱһ߾ھŲҲˣ۹ȥȻѾ߾ھŲߺ߾ڰ˲ߣ
һϰɣ
ҶٺЦжͣЪ˲һʮɻŭųǰһ߾ھŲ߳ȥ
һִ̧ˮƣʱˮ죬ûֱð
𣡣
ȥͣһڱҧסߵ壬˺㽫˺Ƭ
Ǿνڵ𣿣
ҶٺЦ˿Ҳûаǰʣ˷У
߱ҶٺĻһһףȡ
һϣɱͽ
ʱɫŭȼ̹ǺХǧɽ죡


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߾ڰ˲㡢ھŲǿʩչ似ӵǿܣ빥֮£ʦҲӲ
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Ҷٺǵضǿ󹥻Ȼ塣˲ǧƷơɽơľơơˮƷɣشƣõˮ©
޵õ似ɣҶٺһ˿裡
ɫͬɽԺƵ֮ƳǰĴȥ
似ʦ߲ܹϰǿ似
һһԺȻ֮ܽشƸһ
䣡
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ҶٺЦȻһ·϶øǿ似ӵʯߴ֮ٶȾܲʹٶȣ
ͽ
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ܴùǣܵеùѾ̷õôܵеù㾪ŵô͵űǻŰɱɣ
ҶٺߵĻŭЦ
Ǻǣһ̫ˣǱڹ껹ٶȣһɱһһ˫ɱһ˫
֮ǰһҪȰЩСආɾأ
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ҶٺһȣƷɣжʱܲ
䣡
䣡
죬ƶɫͬһݺݻҶٺǰѾ˵ϣõɶȥݺȥ
Ҷٺվԭأû˿Ҳûܡ
ΪѾ֪һ֪ǿԼٶȳٶȣǱҪǿʦڵߣ
Ҷٺľܸ֪ʮ֮һӰٷһĹܵҶٺ֮ڣ
£ڷƮü֮һ˫ӥ۾񣬽ǰҶٺ
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ŭ߳ʩӹΧʮɽ
غ޲磬Լͽӽ¯лҷ𷴿ɱˣʲôòԵ𣿣
ҶٺñʵΪԼʲô
ҶٺĴǣ϶ȻһǿϢһɳ
㲻ʦ֮ʦɱ߱ʦ֮ֲ֮ͬ飬ʮŵ޹ɱ֮㷸֮󣬲ûʡηӣ˲֮ʦӦ̷øɱȻʱ̷һ棬Ҵأ㻹һ·
ҶٺЦ˲ֻؾ˵Ŀյ͵˳ȥ
Ҫɱɱɣôϻ
Ҷٺʩһֻ֮ǽƷ
һΪ̷õӣļթ֮ͽûм
Ҷٺ͵Ϯһ˲㷴Ӧ͵ĺˣһӣҶٺĺڰɫСײ
䣡
䣡
ڰС͵ıѿɫţΧŰĳյһɶ
ߣ似ٳҵС
Ϻͷǿ似ʱܣ

˫߾ٹͷ͵ĳһƬͬѪһĹŨ
˫ֳҶٺһָŨͬϽ˲ɵֵ֮ƳҶٺȥ
䡭
ƶ죬ͬʲôһ㣬ԵùɭޱȣŨΧ¶ǧ֮ߣ
źƶǿҲʦڵĳ̶ˣ


049 һս
Ҷٺ׷粽ȣȴȻ޷Դ֮ƶĿֲ
ÿԼƹǰٶĺʱܸеһͬ޶ŵΣУ˿ֻӲ
ƣˮƣ
ҶٺһһСɽߴĺʵǽײҡҡ׹
ͬʱһɴСĺ˲γɣ̵Ȼȥ
ˡ
Ƿ¥ߵĻǽԪɵĺǰһѣɽ֮ƳҶٺȥ
ͬʱһͬϷһһĴ󿳵ͷϵľ޴ƺݺݿȥ
࣡
һѵĴ̶ҶٺˮҲȥ
似ȥҶٺſڱ³һѪǹɵˡ
Ҷٺ͵һԣòȻ۹⿴ǰֶ
̷õִӹȻʵȺٺ
Ҷٺھ־ܣһȥұһֻҪϻڹ˻ᷢġ
ĿҶٺ˪ûаԣԿһɱѪ֮ͽ
ҶٺҲ𻰣зٵ˼Ӧǰķ
ǾԲȥˣɱķѾմͬŵӵѪѾͬŵˣûб̷÷һϵȫΪҲ޷ˡ
˵ҪܵĻҲǲʦڵٶȿġôΨһѡֻʣ£ӭս
Ҫ˵ҶٺʦڵΪԾʦڵҲûһվ֮ġ
˵ûüϰʦĸ߼ľһЩ߾ĵͼоǿ似Լֻء似ںʱľһ
ʱҶٺΧѾ½ߣҶٺΧ˸ˮйͨ
ǿ̷öر־ĺµҶٺţϰŵѾǰȥҶٺ˺ˣ
Ҷٺ治ɱԼʦ飬ѾЩӼ䴫ˡ
½Щʦն飬ʦɱΥ飬ֻħŻóģҲѹ˼
ģңҽȥǻ쵰ɱˣȻҵֶɱˣ
һµ׳ĿǰǽҶٺɱȥ
ߣ£κδ̷ִйˣɱۣ
ʱ춯ȵͬףǳ׳ڵɳ֮⣡

ǰ̷õӵеǿʵΧ۵ŵӽǾ̾һ׷ΪҶٺǿиеֻ
Ҷٺð뵱ħͷˣɻûɣȴԼһǿУ̫ˣ
Ĺε˾ӦñǧеġȻ˴治Լʦɱˣغһͷǰ
֪ƨҶٺ֮Իɱʦ˵Ϊʦ˳ԣʦͽǺûɫ

ʹΧѾУҶٺȻеĽһ£Ѫӿ
֮·вĶ֣ĹغĴҶٺѹҲûдʱ˿̵ѹ
غľͬһͷʨӣҶٺʱİ취ԶԸ
ȻǰȴһͷȫʢʱڵԱοҶٺҲ׼ʲôԸ
ɣһս
Ҷٺŭһи似ɣʱһʵֲĻ棬ʱ꣬ʱֻǧʱ¹ףú޻֮
䣡
Ҷٺ似ڻмֱӴϣһģЩԵڵϡ
Ķ©֮Ҷٺæٳֻغͻɱת˲һײʵıϣ


050 ŭХ

Ȼâ鼱֮ʩչǿɱУ
ʱĺ󱳱ֻغͻеĵطȻ൱죬һѪģĽƤһȻѪģ⣡
ֻء˫赣似Īڴ˵ĻȻ
Ȼʹ˻ţóı൱ʹࡣȻΪʱҲûܵΧԹ۵߽Ǹе൱棡
찡㿴ĺ󱳣ÿ£
һϸྪָͻֻغͻʽƤĵطǱѪֱƤѾ³˳Ȼȴ۵Ĺ״̬
ħ㣬㿴廹ڱ仯ְ
ǳѵվŵһŮ߲ɤӣе·ʲôµĶ
ʱɿţҶٺҪʼĵڶֹˣȻǰ״ʱһ
ﻹа˵ӣѾõ沿Ҳ£ȫԲ⻬ͬӤһ߻ͬˣ
㻹ҵ
Ĵ󺰣һƴڸԼһ뱻ʴòεһ͵Ĵ۳һҶٺХ
ҶٺĵǰԼһֻغһлŪ÷˷ǹд󺧣벻似ӵЧ
ҪʵͱҶٺǿᣬʱѾഺĺת֮䱬˰ɣ
Ҫɱ㣡
ҶٺŪͬҲ޷ָ侲ˣжʱţ󺰡
ŭХ
ֻʣ°εѪģȥͬԵ߳ħͷ­Ϊָߣһ嶼Ƥ¶·Ѫܵļ֯
ŭХ
ƬΧˮйͨĻϿվþûƣֻԿ͹ͷֽϵĴ󵶽ס趯ͬǧ־ʯ
ɲǼ䣬𣡷ӿ
Ļ趯ΧԲ׵ˣˣΧ۵ŵӶƵˣ
ӿתȻγһߴ׵Ļɫ磡뻺趯ͬһ־ľ
絶Ҷٺϣ
ȻҶٺѾ鲼ȴǱۣĻȻбͻƵƣ
ķ磬ƣ䱾жǿ֪
ΧҶٺߣѾ˵һ֮ĿˣȻȴܿһ֮ʩչ似ɵľ޴ƣ
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찡ⲻڵļƷ졷еġŭХ𣿣ɱһǧ˰ٵĿȻƵ˵ľأ
һȥЩĻ𾪵˵
⡮ŭХֻҪﵽʦʩչȴҪΪ֧ŵİ͸֧Խ࣬ԽʹŭХƣʦڵǿҲӲĻȥˣ
ǻԱߵһ˽˵
˵ƳĻԵҶٺֱӳ̶ȵѹ
ҶٺĻѹžֱ죬·ʱɢƵġ
⣬ƴˣ
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ҩ˹ЧȷҶٺĶ̻ɲǼ佫Ҷٺ˶κˣ
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໡
ʱǰ׸ߵĻȻ֮ϵ𣬷ŭ𣡻ͷǻͷſͳҶٺҧȥ
ȥɣ
Ȼվڡͷ֮ϣд󵶹âţһƥĳ쵶âҶٺտ


051 ٻС
׻ҶٺѾʮˣǱȿͷҪ޴ͷܻ棬Ҷٺ
ôأôأ
ҶٺзźʱһƬհףԼӦʲôķӦ
ǺãҪ㣬ѾټסԶ㲿
Ҫ򣬹Ҫ˲䷢Сֻءߡ𡱲ܽ˾޴Ļ÷飻
Ӳɲұ֤ǿɱеܱ֮ס
հףҶٺԴһƬհףǰֻʣԽԽͷǳȵϢ絽ˣ
ģҶٺһƬΣգʱ䣬ֻʣһȼյİ׻
һܽԼеĻҶٺȻôһؼʱ˫ûʶĽޱȵĸӡȻɢ˿ǰƣ
ӡɣӡµĹ켣Ҷٺ˫вϻ裬´Ӱ
໡
һһ֮һƬãȻ֪ʲô¡
ֻڰ׻ھҪҶٺ֮ʣҶٺǰͻȻһ⣬ǰ׻ͬ߷ݰ㵹ɶȥ
վڻ֮ϵҲǱó׹ȥ
ôܣҶٺҲʹŭХ
ڹսһƬȻȻǰһĻš
ʱҶٺǰȻҲһɳȻγɵĻڿзڣȻֻİ׻һ룬ȻȴԵøʵ
ɳȥĻѾס׹ȥİ˰ҶٺٳСţʱ
𡭡
ݲеûѾ侲ٴλָǱ˪ģ
͸֧õ԰ޱȣһĹ˿亹ֱðкâһԦµĻֱҶٺٳСݺȥ
СҲ쳣ͣͬܳſ㳯׻ľҧȥ
Ȼǰ׻Ĺȴֻǻӣͣסǰȥͷת㽫βСȥ
𡭡
һĺСվа׻ǧ֮βضϣ˲ɢɵԪƮɢؼ䣡
ȻʱҶٺȴûţɴڿ״̬ŭϲǲɲͣĽޱȵӡʱ۹˸ʱü˼
һβСİ׻ûһ޺Ĺâٴγһ׻ԾԦİ׻
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̼䣬ضɽҡ
ԶͽҶٺС׻һɱ߻ûüֿҶٺٳһĻȻٳİ׻һС
ƣ˲ĹҪУӶգ
Ҷٺ¶˷ܵĹâԾǿ˲ѧῴĹ⼸ѧῴľ
ˣҶٺǿʹġŭХԴһµĹȻվǷƷǲŭХģ
ղǶʩչĹ۵Щͷ߻Ȼ˵
ߵĲ룬˷Ȼ
ͽҶٺһкŭХµĹ޿ɺǣϾȲԭĹ
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߿Զ޴֮ǳһŻ⣬ʱȻ
Ѿӿ״ָ̬ҶٺȻʯռ䵱еСٻ˳ȻߵУǿеС񲻹Ҷٺɵİˣ
Уǻ񲻹׳չҲʮңͰ׻ͷһСԵƵ


052 Χ
󡭡
СȻСȻȴݣվĻϷ裬ʱзųһƥĻ棬ʱײ׻ĶӰײһġ
޿̣һһʹȴķֺ
ǰİ׻СסҶٺԼĻʹһβһβɽ֮Ƴǰİ׻ȥ
໡
µİ׻һɨľβò㵹أվǲס塣
ɱ
ͬޣѾ޷κҶٺǿ͸֧ʹ࣬ҧгݵĲٿµĻҶٺȥȻסһһ𽣡
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󡭡
Ҷٺ˶壬ץס׻¶ٻԼĻݺȥֻһб㽫ݵĻ˺룡
Լ͸֧ǿʹŭХƳĹһ󳱺죬̲סһںѪ
Ԫ裬ǰ׻ɢȥµĺۼ
ʧȥ˳æԼĻƼϽ«һ˫ŷͳ޵۾ݺݵĵǻѪҶٺ
һɱ㣡
⵶̶һ˵Ļ
ҶٺǰԼʹֻء赶ðõҲǳУĻŭЦ
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гԹ޵˫۳죬״ޡг󵶸߾٣ô󵶳ԼſһŵҸĳѪۣף
󵶸ȼЧ֮ϵȼţ˿˿̣
ޱĵͬһ޴棬بѾð˰ţԵɭɲ˿֮
ԴΪȴᣬһѪϴҽ֮裡
׳Ѫⷽؾþƣһ֮߶УǶһѪ
һһѪжѪ󱨴Ѫ
ҶٺûɵһԤеǰ飬⽫һݵǿУ
ðɣҶٺǡҶٺȴ֮ϣһ£
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˵꣬ԦϽ«ͬһ˲ʧԶ
ӦɱͽҶٺĴʱսһһѾĴֻҪ߽Χסܰ
尡ǣһҶٺʦͽɱʦſǻ͵İ
һЩʶлɳ˵߹ΧͬŵӺԼһҶٺɱˣ
ʱȺ鼤ӿڳ߶Ǵ´ţɷĳһ֮Ҷٺȥ˲ͰҶٺŰΧ
ûüܵҶٺͱΧˮйͨлܡ
һȥͽɱˣ
Ϊ̷õĵӳ
似һ

ʱҶٺֻʣ»ûлʯռСİ׻Ѿɢڿˡ
󡭡
СڿлţʱȻΧԼ൱
Ҷٺֶɫ˿ûõļ󣬿Χһԥ
Ҷٺ˫ֽӡٻһһʮ׳ͬػҶٺԣһ˵졣
ǲҪɱһϰɡ
ߣƭˣģûʲô
һ͵ĴУһӵϣִǹֲͬҶٺȥ
ߣ
ҶٺһٴγԣʹߵȺȥ
ȻҶٺӡֻǡŭХķƷȴʦڵʱʦڶԸߣ


053 ӳ
䡭
ԡͬͷ˽ȺĶһ㣬ȻֻһҧһΪµߣȻһʮ׳ľβ߽п಻ѣͬڵ㱻úɶȥ
ͬʱСҲ쳣˷ܡõڰʯռ䵱д˼죬Ѿͬһ㣬ӵ߾Ϊˣ
ʱ׼һЩȥΪµߣʱųһ棬ʱȥ˺ѣúòġ
˵ָսҶٺѾӵмΧסڿܺɶܼ似ȴ޷ֵֿýп಻ѣ
ոնһƵҶٺϮƴһۣҪΪԶԶǰȺˣѾҪ޵ˡ
ȥˣþ뿪ط
Ҷٺа¾߾ΧҲҪŲסˣ
ھԵǰʵǿҲҪ÷
ǼյǿߣڵֹҲҪûɢ
ȥɣ
ҶٺٿһСٻذʯռ䣬кһһ߰ʮ߳ȥܼȺҳһȱڣ
ţ̤׷粽һѱİɫ⣬ȱͻΧȥ
쿴Ҷٺˣҿ׷
ΧҶٺ߶ʱҲܱҵӰˤɽֵʮͬŵӣ̻һҶٺʧķ׷ȥ
Ҷٺʹ粽ٵĺ˵ɽˮʱҶٺȻеһ¡
ԼҲû뵽ȻƾʦڵΪսʤ
еǣȻ˲Ĺô˵Ҫ뷽跨Ѱʲô칦ô
ҶٺҲ֪Լǵʯǵԡ
⣬ҶٺΪԼð˰еΡ
ʵҶٺᣬʵ൱ѪжǷǳġ
Ȼ񣬶Լֻغͻ߱ЧħҶٺȴǳηġ
ҽղµ򣬶ΪµĶ
Ҷٺ΢΢̾ϢյԿԳƵһ¾޶ȵĶħˣ߱ʦѡηɱ
ЩӦóɵϵ飬ȻҶٺˡ
ףǡ
ʡеҶٺͻȻһ⣬Ѹٽ
ҶٺģһɽصǣɽΧɽһб̣ͺͺûаҰݣȥȻ
ڤɽ֮أ֮סĵط
ͬʱڤɽɽ֮£һССĻ԰ֲ˴ĵر
ȻҪˣ˳ЩҩҲðϾлǶиġ
Ҷٺͬһûë㣬ڤɽɽŽȥǰľɢŵǹ⣬һƮƮС԰
Ҷٺ˵Ը߰ȻȴҲǸ£Ȼ̫ͷ϶
Ҫ֪ʱҪ͵ֲ԰ͳ֮صĲԶ
Щڴ˵ģĸǻ˳ɰǧ֣ǿʶҪ˵ǲֲ԰֮챦Ƕܹ۲쵽
ٺ٣Щϲ˯пʱ俴ƫƧĵطҶٺ͵͵ĳֲ԰ȥлοԼ
ڤɽ֮µֲ԰Ҳֲ֣䣬ΧǽȴֻаôߣۿҶٺԷܽȥˣ
ȻʱҶٺ͵һ飬ð亹Ȼеץסļ
ҶٺĲҲӲˣѵͷתȥ϶Լı³
ҶٺдԼһЦеĿԼŰԼŰɱˡ
ȻҶٺڰͷתȥʱ㶣Ŀǰ֮ˡ


054 ͯ
ͯ
Ҷٺǰ˵ȷЦеĿҶٺȻȴҶٺ˼ϵͯ
ҲһȵҶٺٺЦ
˵ĸСһҰأСֵ㵽𣿡
Ǻǡ
Ҷٺ亹ֱðͯÿеĻʵҲ֪ôˣ˵ǰɣ±ͯţȻ󱻺׷Χ˵ǰɣɲ֪Դ˸ͷ᲻һŭ֮½ĳС
ǰһнҪҪأͲ˰Ҷٺڨڨ˵Ҳûͯ𻰾ҲƵܡ
Ӵµġ
ͯѾɳԶҶٺޱԹĺ
СֵܣǻͦԵֵأҾһ׸ɣƷƼŶУ㻹ûأ
еҶٺͻȻһɫףɢ֮
Ҷٺֻһ۱ϲˣϲ˵ôͶлǰˣҶٺպػرĴ
ͯ΢΢һ㶣·ʲôϢһ㡣һǵͨ죬ȻûԤ׵ĳҶٺ
ʲôҶٺҶĶӣ
ҶٺȻѾͯǧ׶ԶˣȻȴǱͬټ˫
ûҶٺӦ㱻ǰͬħְͻȻֵͯסˡ
ֱֱͯվҶٺǰһ࣬ҲûƽʱĵɵٴҶٺʵ㣬ǲҶĶӣ
ҶٺһͷˮѾڶαʼǲҶĶˡ
һ𽣬ڶξǰʶͯ
ҶٺͯȥҲǸˣûϵ͵ʲôԼҲᱻôŰɣǱ㲻Ųæ˵
ǣҾҶĶӡ
ҶٺĻشͯ·ʲôĺϢһ㣬Ȼˣٴλָӣ㵸˵
Ȼ丸ӰĶӶһɫأ

ɽҶٺļһ۷֮·㣬Ҳ֮·شת۵㡣
ڶ̶̵һӺʦغӣֽͽ
ţĽԼõֵܴ裬ӶԳеȻȴٱϱֵܵԼֵٻǰĲãȻ
Ȼη֮ʱʮϰٵŵӲɱ
ˣһħҪײпµľУ
ȻƵһҶٺӰģ֮ͯʱһСé٩٩̸ͯ
ʲô˵ʮǰͺҵ棿
ҶٺŵĿǰȶͯ
԰ʱǸʮˣȴ൱ò൱۹⣡ΪúӢȤͷ档
ͯҲ֪شҶٺ⣬ԼľƷʣںߵ
ͯ׿ҶҲ֮ˡ
ʮǰͯһɵûûεģΪӲģѰԸ桱ˣ˵Ҷ˶ʱ
ͯҶദ꣬ͯõһĺˣ顣
Ҷٺ૵ôܣ
ҲѹҶٺɻġӡУʮǰĸ׻һʮӢߡ
Ȼͯȴ˵ʮǰѾʶԼĸףԼĸѾʮˣ
ɺϣܣȻͯһԼ־ԼϲʶҶ
ôʮǰĸ׾Բֹʱʮ䣬Ѿʮˣ
Ϊʲô»ǼᶨƵ˵ҶǾأ
ʮǰҶΪĸʵѾʮˣʮѾ˵Ƿ֮ˡ


055 Ÿ
ǿҶٺϵãͯٺһЦ͵һҶٺļ˵
СӣǧֶԲʵ㣬ӵԲֹʮ꣬㻹һʱأ
Ҷٺŵɫͯһ󺩺ĴЦȻԼŵҶٺе൱⡣
Сӣʲôϵأ֪һžˡ
ͯͷŰСªĲݶ¶֮ɫҶٺ׵Ĳɾ͡
Ҷʱ䣬һƽͬһŰֽķһʦǿߡ
ʦΪһɨʮֶ棬һ
ֶ̾ʮ޵Ĺɽ

ǣþ
ͯ¶һټЦݡ
㸸׺ĸ㲻ãʧˣ֪ǣ㸸ʱҰһ㡭
Ҷٺ̾𣬽ŵĳͯʵʲôҸʲôҵģ
ûٸҶٺ֪ĸԼȥʱ򣬻Լ˶ʱܵһĪůһɴûҶٺгֹĸж
ͯĶŽֵҶٺ۾յһ㡣
ֻƽ쵽ҶٺǰһѾһ⼣߰ߵİƴС¯ϸ˵ľ񶦡
ҶٺһʱûзӦ˵ôϤƺƵġ
ͻȻ䣬ʲôҶٺͬһݺץסͯǰ˫֣ľ񶦣˵еǸľ񶦣
ͯһƬƽ۳ϵǰҶٺ˵
ǵġǴ˵й˫ľ񶦡Ҳ̫ţ̻¯һöѾʧǧľ񶦣
ôǰҸױľ񶦡ô꣬з֮أ

ͯ˼ͷЦ
ʮˮ¯ӣر֮ûз֡
ҶٺԴһڣ˵ϲľȻ׸ľ񶦵ˮߣ
Ҷٺ֣صĽ׽ġľ񶦡ս˰ʯռ䡣
Ҷٺûע⵽ʩչ֮ʱͯâ
Сϵܻأ
ͯҡͷզ԰ڣȥ֮֮˿ˡˣڹ˵ϣҾһռָɡ
˵ţͯͻȻһСĹӽָԿ̵ǷĻơ
ͯĶҶٺʱ˼ˡ
ʶͯʼͯͲĸôȻǰͷӻԼ⣬ԼеС֮ˡ
ҶٺһΣڿǰͯɰࡣ
һ㽫ռָҶٺ֮ͯһޱȵȻģ·ǿռָһֵߵĶһ
ˣڸϽ뿪ɣһȺڵŵӺʮ̷õִӳ߷ˣӾҪˡǵӣƺץġ
ҶٺвãЩ׷ȻˣҪ֪һ߼ɣһ߲ϱ任·ߵİӵʲôطܸٵ
ôھˡˣǰҶٺ֮һģ
Ҷٺ¶ָжı⿴ȥ൱ϲжˣ
˭޶˶ԼôãǽԼ֮Ǹġ
찡㻹ߣͷӶ㼱ˣߣԺĵʱǵûǲǲ͵ˡ
ͯһӣȻǶĺһ㳳š
ðɣͯҾͷ͵ɣպ㸸ףǵͷӸк
ͯ˵֮Եį࣬·һʮꡣ
ҲûҶٺһۣ˲˸ӡһ׹ҶٺѾʧԭˣ谵Ĳֻ֮ͯįӰ
Ӷǹ̥
Ҷٺ֮ͯԹ䡣


056 ħ
Ҷٺٴ۾ѾһĹٵ֮ˡ
ٵһƬɽҰ뵱к֪ͨҰеĺδһߣһƬм䣬Ҳ֪쵽ʲôط
簡
Ҷٺǰֶ̲סп
֮ڣв֪Ϊֻ֮żἰˡ
Ӧþ½īڹˣ˵⳾֮УջаԼɢ޻켣УҪСĽǡ
ҶٺԸԼôһȫİĵطһжҪ¡
ȻԸΥȻҶٺǻǻ˻ˡ
Ҷٺܴһ֮⣬һӰХֻʹͷɹ
ûҶٺ׵׷ʲô£󲻹״㴫һŭȣ
ʲô£
Ҷٺ棬ŭȴķȥ
ԸߵµҶٺԼΪ߾һ㡣Ϣʱ䣬ҶٺǰһȺӡ
ڳӵǰʮñ뺷ޱȵĴŭǰһµӡ
ȻҶٺղļɶĺӰҶٺӣΪߣ߾ҡ
ԹԽıһһģ
Ӳޱȵ˵ҶٺͬϰֻӬһġ
ߣˣ֪īڹ񱱴󽫾ĶҶһֺͱ죡
ʮΪ׵Ȼ䡣

ӷ·ʲôЦһ㣬ͷЦ
΢ϣ㶥ײҵĳͷ񱱴󽫾ǻϲҪԸľ
ӻ䣬Ǹղ˵ӱѾȫ죬ʹ˼¾ͱˣ⽦Χʮϡ
ͷ졭
ڴ󺺿ԭʣµһȳѪߵ
ߣ
аߵĶΪҶٺ΢һȻŰɱʿǵķˣΪĲм
ȻҶٺһȴаˡ
˭
һ˦öӰѸݵĺڴ̣Ҷٺķɳ۶ȥ
ڴӰѱ棬źХķҶٺ
Ȼ߾ĺڴ̣Ҷٺ
ֻ˫һӣڴ̱ѾҶٺɵ˦һȥˡ
ԼĹԷǳɱ㻯Ӱвã˵ˡ
ºˣΪϲڵִ񣿣
ҶٺǺ˵ûзϡ
Ȼϲħ֮е֮һǣϲڵɽԶ½Ķ棬ֹǧ
ټµһɵ⻶ϲīڹҲʲôˡ
ңԹаħҶٺȻҪͦ
ǣҶٺŭĿǰӣϰƮ·ȵ
ߣȻдɷ緶µ跲ˣǲ˵ȥħЦô
Ǹ߾һСߣڱүǰװŪ
аڿҶٺΪˣҲû˹ǣʱ
һ߾һôƾԼ߾Ϊ㹻ɱˣ
һߣаʮ󺺸ոĶ־ʱ
ǱΪһԽǵǿߣħͷǻܲ²⣬ħͷǰ·ɱİǿˡ
Ҷٺɲ֪ȵʮѾ֮ģȻȻԵõĳаȥ
ߣʶ̧ٵСߣȥɣ
аӺڷ߰裬жʱһĺڹ⣬Ǻڹ⾹ȻһΪͬƵһ㣬·ߣҶٺٷɶȥ


ڶ 쳾


057 а
һֱڵҶٺʹõĶǸ似м˹似һҲ֪ôӦֻһǽסаߵĹ
аӼҶٺȻٳһǽֵĹʱüЦ
Сӣ似òҰȥʮٳҶԾɣ
Ҷٺаӵķ̣вãĵǺڹ
ȻҶٺʱȴˣڹѾǽǰӴǽ
ʱڹ⾹Ȼ϶Ϊһһͷײǽ֮ϣʧˡ
Ҷٺô󲻽⣡
ȻͳҶٺɻһ˲䣬һСͬ˿СĺߺϢĴǽһ洩͸Ҷٺȥ
Ҷٺ˿֮ʱѾΪʱ˿ݺݵһͷҶٺţ
˿еҶٺʱеԣ˵Ǻ˿ȻЧ
Ҷٺ֮󣬺˿ܿʧˣҪҶٺ൱ǿʱѾɢˡ
ù似ˣ
Ҷٺһȣж⻶ϲڵĹʱһۣ˫лʮƷ
ƣ
Ҷٺе߶ʱֳɰǧһƳĽ롣
ǽ뾹ȻҲͬаӷĺɫâһ㣬תаӷȥ
ҶٺӵиƼĹҪ죬ʱĹȻҪúоʵһˡ
ѾаӵĹԺԼƽǷʤ
Ҷٺ󺰵аӣͫȻĺ
ڣڵĵӣܣѾзƬƶļ֮˰
ʦ˵ЩپһֱԴ½ϲ⣬ΪµһɣɶƫƧĵСû̫ע
ٵÿ˵ħ˵ã
ǣȻһڵߣѵڵ֪ħʼīڹˣ
Ȼ𾪣аӵĶȴǺиɴ˿Կս൱ḻ
ֻ˫һţ·ûһһԾ׸ߡ
ֱֻ߷УֻҪ뿪·ߣȻƽ乥ˡ
аӵսԲνǿ
Ȼаӵȴûд졣
ȻѾڿϮһ˲뵽˶ԲߣǱСּĽ˫š
ֻʮ׵Ĵ͸аӵĻ˫֮С

аŭһȻҶٺشˣҧгݵ˵
ߣڵαȫúҪж˿飬οһϲڱǲкͬţ
ҶٺΡȻڰ֮ϣ·аӣ˵
Щϲڵħͷ֣˼ȡֱ½İ࣡ϧ
ҶٺӡУϲھһȺή֮ͽľۼ֮أѹη츳ͯͯŮɵмɱΪ˫֮
ϲһֱΪϲģÿֱرɱȴ֪Ϊÿֻ󣬶ͬҰһٴε
ߣô˵ȻҼΪҾҪֽѵһˣ
Ҷٺһ˲ڿٳһʮɳĽ𾧾֣ĳ·аȥ
а󲻹ʮ״ʮ󺺣߶šġ֮һĿ֮ѹµ֣ͱŵùڵˣ
𾧾ֹ֮Ȼ£
аӿͷľ֣ǱǻɽѹöãǱӵʦ֮Ľƴһ
䶨Ҷٺմϻҳ½̧ͷǰѾǡͨͨͨڵϵʮˡ
ǶǳϿҵĹڵϣ˫ֺʮȻϵǰҶٺġҪ֪ͨǺûʲô


058 ħŮ
Ҷٺǰĳ棬д󺧣б˹ݹæǰʮ˵
ǿҲǸССߣܲ˴񰡣ңҿҪٵģ
ҶٺĿȰ֮£ʮ󺺲»صԼĹλϣʮǰ
һԳţ޴ҶٺܵǶīڹ񱱴󽫾ĿΪ񱱴󽫾һЩ൱صƷ
һ·϶ల£ȴڸղһаħ
ǰﻹǵĿĵˣ˵㸻ԣƶīڹѾźˡ
ţһװشٽƷľһ߲ϵĳŴĶҶٺ˵ȴ൱ңɱ֮ʡ
ţһἰɵð̾
Ҫǽסľ棬Ǹ򳤿ѾЩΪͽɱˡ
Ҷٺһ֮£ҲǺ棬˵ҵľôȴû˹أţԼʡ
Ȼţȴù˿ҶٺЦ֮Ż˵ߴȻ֪ˣСĿɲ˵
ǲҿԱ𣿡
Ҷٺĵ˵ţ̾͸еϲˣ˵ҶٺʵҪ°
ȻţȴǼæҡͷֵ̿ز͹ڵˡ
ûбҶٺ˼ֻһ뵽ȥҲв֮ͨĻҾ棬ȴڷ⿴ȥ³çţȻҲˡ
ͦ˼ġ
Ҷٺ룬ǰֵĵͰ񷿣г㽣ʮڴ̼ˡ
ɫѾתڣǰеĳϳΪҰѣǰҲҪСˡ
ҶٺʹţڳǰͷһûһĴڨš
ţ򳤴ģȻĴСꡣ
˵ֻʵȴǺʵеһ൱ˡ
ܵ˵򳤸ϵͳ񱱽װϵͳ
ȻѾ˥Բڴ˹ε֮ǡ
ܣʵĴǴң񱱽ٱˣʵ۾һʱףȴలµġ
طͦʺɢ޵ġ
Ҷٺиǿ϶Լ뷨ԼʦŵµľǵһŽĵطĵطǴ̨û˿ǮǷʲô˵ġ
Ҷٺ׼ѰʵĻԵϾʵıǮֻбøǿܹõĻţ
һ֮һȥġ
ҶٺаģҴ뿪ڵź
ûкݺݽѵֿ־̾꣬ûжԼĺֵܷ˵ټûкúõ֤ЩԼ˿Լǿģ
˭ҳ
˼еҶٺ͵ľѣһ˫ӥۻӺΧŭһѻͷ·ʮһҲս׼
ҹĽһƬžֻʱ£ֻеǹ
ΧȥһƬƽȻҶٺǻĻΧΧÿһ˿죬Ѹӵ£֮Զ
ߴˣǲʲô
ţСĿͬΣյԱһҶٺʵ
ţڵͬʱҶٺ˫͵һţʱâţһƬֱʮ׵ɫ⻬ڳϿγɣ
ǻϲڵˣɣ˲¡
Ҷٺ˵ʱͷ⻬ľ֮ϣźɫΣھϸǽƺ̣
ڵСӣǺñ£ҵʦܸɱˣ
ʱһŮںҹͻأ˷ëȻ


059 ɽ
Ůٳٲһ𣿡
Ҷٺǵһ֮ʱԶһ˷ѰǰеԴ
ȻʱȴʮҪıߵˡ
ǺǣΪԼ𣿡
ڰе˷һͬڳ˶һĲȻлĻЧ
ߣ
Ҷٺƺһ˾ѡ־׵ıƻء
ͻȻҶٺУĺâƷδұ߳ٶȾȻȸղżӸϼ֣ף
âͬɫװϮҶٺȴȻ塣
֪˺âôᱻУοͯӹʯӵҶٺڶԶ̹൱У
ΣҶٺ·ͻȻһΪȻ൱Ѷȵȶܹ˹Ƕ޵â
ҵģƣ
Ҷٺһӣϰٸɫںҹɢű⣬ҲģǺâĹʽתͬ۷Ⱥ㳯Ǻâķȥ
Ľһûġ࣡žһҽ
ô
ǺڰеŮŵľеҲҶٺһֹâʱһӲķȴǱ봩͸˷
ҶٺЦһһ׹⣬˵Ůȥ
Ů㲻ɱɱҰ
Ҷٺ˵ǰʮ״Ĳݴ֮оŮĲ֮ˣҶٺǿԿǲݴ֮еĵѪ
СӣͱﶷٻȥԶ༸̰ɣ
ŮǲĴЦЦԿյҶٺ޷
ӵķҽǳӵ˷ɱĽ
ҽҶٺвã֪Ůĵɽ֮ƣ
ߣɣ
ҶٺŭһٴתͷӼ۶ȥ
ʱҽ𣬼ֱŮɱˣŮӲ
ԣ
ԣ
ӵеĴȫ
ˣŮ
߲ˣ
Ҷٺŭһ⽣ͬһ㳯Զ۶ȥĺӰȥ
һҽǱ⽣еĺӰڵϹ˼ǺϢˡ
Ҷٺǰȥ뿴һ͵ϮӵŮǺηʥȴڵϵֻһֻű˸ͨ͸İ׺
쵰
Ҷٺƿڴ⻹һ˽ƻĵˣâŮʵԲʦҶٺȴӰӶޱй
ţܱǸҾȻûаǵæ
ҶٺߵѾһƬǽĳǰдţʣ˵
Ҷٺӵ˸еޱȵǸ⣬ҪŮĵɽ֮ƣ⳵ӵ˷Ͳᱻɱ֮Ͳʧ
ˣǶʧ˾ݰˣ󽫾ҪˣСĲҩˣ
ţͬȹϵһ㣬ת½ţȻþҪ޳ˡ
ݣһݣϾкüҩЧõģҪȥŰɡҶٺжţΣæ
ֻãȴƴСߴָҪҩﰡ񣬾ݱˣСĲûˣ
˵˵ǼСĲ飿а취ء
ҶٺʵǸֻĴӣ෴ʱѾڵҽҩͨͨϰˣҩԲһ˽ġ
ţŽɵĿҶٺ˵ǰʮСôҲκҼСĲɡ
Ҫ֪һǷһЩַߴˣСĲ޼ƿʩ
ţǾʵʵĺҶٺ˵СĲ顣ɲ뱻ǰȻȥСʵȴǼ侪˵Сһŭ֮´⡣


060 ƹ
ҼСһ֮ǰһԲ֮ҹ֮ͻԲˣȻͬһڴϣտҼߴ˹άԵеȫ纮ܸоõĺǶΪѾأ
ֵĲ֢
Ҷٺаĥһʱû뵽񱱽֮ŮǺβ֢ȴһͷƺʲôż֮ϼⷽĽܣ⻹дһѰϲġ
ðɣȻŪģҾȥϲҪɡ
ҶٺȻ˵ʱ֮ʱϲһ⣬Ƕߵľȡء
˵һݲһǧʯҶٺںǵڻŮ
ҶٺĻţһ𾪵ĿǰŵŵСӣЦ
ߴˣϲķֶҲ൱ĸֵİһ˴ȥǺΣյİ
ҶٺЦţƺԱߵ൱أҪ߸չʾ𣿡
˵꣬ҶٺҲţˢһ±ͨӿռָȡݣ͵͵ţϣٺһЦڿնٿһɵӰˣԭؾֻʣʮƵĳԼʬ塣
ֻʣµǹĺҹţԺлصһ仰
ҩȥҪʼģ˵һλߴ˸ľˡ
ţ㶵ſڴеɢϢı˵Լܲ
ղСߴ˲˵һҩȥôĿڴȥҩ

Сһ⣬һˮơ
Ҷٺһװۣڰ֮ϣӭĿջк
ҶٺϢķɵϣ˼ҿջͽȥˡɫҶٺҪҸط齡
õĺõġ͹ԵȣҪĲϾ͵ʻҪ𣿡
кҶٺСƿȥͺҶٺ󣬶ʮңԵáһ˵ţһ͵͵Ҷٺ
ҶٺܵСƵĿӣҲǲ˵ģȴûкƽϣλϺŲˮ
СѾ߿ˣڿջſ˵ƹϸ˵ƹǱǸС߿ȥǮ˰ǽŷİɣ
˵ţСƿҶٺʱһӡ
ҲֲСƶģƽﵽջŷ˶ˣҶǴͬһһ㣬ƺŵ߳ԷǲøǮƵġ
ߣС˵һִҲûУƽôģÿһλ̫ƽջԷĿˣǶӦúд𣿡
ƹ˵̧ͷСƾһѵ⣬žͰСƷԸȥ𴦸ɻԼæҶٺλöȥ
ѾʦҶٺȻƹͻƵĻڶ
ȻСƵĻûʲôоȴΪƹķӦеЩȣ˵ƹǹŵĳԼ޷
ǺǣλߴˣĲ˺ܿˡʻҪʲôķɫҲˣҪСһ𣿡ƹЦǺǵ߹Ҷٺʵ
ţǵģҪǿջˡƹ͸Ұһͨͷͺˡ
õĺõģСھ͸ţĿͷʷסʵģ̫ƽջķ˵õģ
ǺǣǾƹˡ
ҶٺȻһЦȴǱջƹĳˣ˺ÿ͵ƹѹҿջʹϻ˶ˡ
˵ţҶٺͻȻЦһӿռָȡһ껹ûн¹ݣͬϷһƾճ֮Уƹ񿴵۶𾪻֮̿ɫ
뷲кܴģЩͨķУ߾ǿĴڣشڣƹôȡ
ƹǸˡȴûʲôǮССһ¹ݣҵⷹͿͷķðɡ
Ҷٺִ¹ݣ΢ЦŶƹ˵ȻûʲôǮҩҩвٵġ


061 ر
ô԰ߴΪСİôĶأһٷͿͷҵˣ
Է׵ƹ񿴼ҶٺɢŵӫСݣŵûͨһڵϣವĶҶٺ˵ΧڳԷĿ˺Ŀ⡣
ƹҿܲĴ񰡡¹Ҿ͸ˣ䵱˾ǣˣ
ҶٺǿӲ˵дЩáɢһ͵ڵϵƹ
ǰСүеĲãѾٵƹҲûټˣ֣ص˫ֽӹҶٺе¹ݣСС
˫ɣ۾ȻЩʪˣ˵ߴ˵һٷͿͷǮˣ
ţ˫ɤ˵ڳÿλ͹٣СϵŮ죡
ҶٺһƬȻ˵ƹǻ⣬һ¹ݵļֵǧʯϵȵŮʮྦྷʯһ̳
ʮÿһ̳پʯһǮ׬أҪĻġ
͹ã
ƹ񹧾վҶٺԣС͵ǰЦСªûʲôöóд͹ٵģֻܰСĲʽ͸͹Ʒˡ
ҶٺΪСƵӶнһ㲻ҲɢˣиǶ̫ƽջƹ̾ѡ
ͬ˼ϻһ㣬ƣ¾ͽ֮ϵ̲˳Եõ㶡ʣ
һ¹ôҶٺɲںһ¹ݣϾڣҲƽĳҩġ
ȻȻҶٺ¹ݵһ£ȴ˻Ṣڻġ
ҶٺĽǶȿһ䣬һͬؤİ֮ͽһһļ˺ҧһ˫۷ŹĿƹ䱻ֲסȴɢӫ¹ݡ
ڶ죬Ҷٺһ뿪齵̫ƽջƹΪŵĿͷȷ൱ãڵסϰٱǧˣǴ˯ľ
ʱǰһ˳رĵطٱ
ٱŷ½ĺ䣬Ӻ˲ιʹõĻƼС
򲢲ţ˵ôҰ
Ҷٺɨӽֵ۴αȵ̣˵ŽϹǣǸеһоĶеƽ
Ҷٺڽһһ߹ۿ⻹һδĻɽ׵УеޱȺ档
д̷ߺ۶ȥĳֹоʮɫ鱦ԼɫɫˣҶٺֻоԼǰ޷԰ΣҲһҡ
쳾еȷߵķĹ
ҶٺвпǧʱѾߵһߣͨ͵ΰ¥֮£𺳣˿˵İٱ󰡡
Ҷٺǰİٱ¥ɽשͣϻԲݶΧ߷ܵĽȻͬһصĸ߹С
ȥشǧĴ֮һңд֡ٱ󡱡
Ҷٺ˫Ÿһ̤ٱǰĳȴǱƽĸ߹Ȼ룬ƽľ̾͵¥
ܿɹǣȻҶٺǸʮСӣٱеԱȴ˿ûеһŲõЦͳҶٺӭȥ·Ҷٺǵһ൱ҪĹһ
λ͹٣ʲô԰ﵽأǷĸɫ䣬ֻеıﶼӦоеġ
кҶٺƺ֮ͨҶٺһű𾪲ѵģ֪ǳٱĿˡ
ĶȥôЩӹ֮
Ǻǣ͹ٵ۹Ȼ׿ղص߲ʸӵеĶˡﵱȻֻһҪЩ߲ʹõı¥
Ҷٺ˷ԱĻҲǶٱղصν䱦棬ͷŷԱֱϰٱ㡣
Ҷٺµ¥ݾҲǺͰٱһýשɣȻһĽɫݣͬͨĸ߹·˲֮С


062 һ
ΪĿĵزǵڶ㣬ҶٺֻǴҴҵɨӼۣȴǷٱĵڶѾһƬɫĲ֪ľɵˣȥ߹󲻿ַһŨ˱Ƕϰ˲ιɢȻζ
̤ϵ˲䣬ҶٺǰһжٱǸϼ֣ȷвٺ䣬ʹ½Ҳѵһ
ɫ¥ӷߵƷζ֮Ȼ¶һ˿󷽡
׼Ŀռ䵱аڷʮټĳҶٺ߹ȥһʮе䱦ҲƷƼǿɲһõķ
תͷҶٺĬĬ΢ЦķԱѯʵĵر𣿡
ȻֻҪǺ䣬ǶչġԱȻĳҶٺ΢Ц
ڷԱ˵˲䣬ҶٺбͻȻһͨɢӫֲ¹ݡ
ҶٺͻȻӫСݣԱҲûиеپȣȻ˵
͹٣¹˵󣬵ȴҲһǧྦྷʯĺüǮġ
ôɣҪĻһкܶءҶٺԥĽ¹ԱУǷԱŵòᡣ
˵ٱĵرʿʤȴûмܰԼҩһӵġ
ˣٰ׼һǧʯɣҪһЩǮáҶٺ˵ߵǰʮǰȴҡͷ뿪ˡ
ٱȷ󣬵ѾӵƷƼסƷƼ⽣Լ׽ġľ񶦵ҶٺǰЩƷƼȴһ㶼ðˡ
˲ӣǷԱͷ󺹵ıڰٱһȺҶٺǰһµСӵݵҶٺǰ
𾴵Ŀ͹٣¹һǧʯ
ٶȻͦأ
ҶٺǺһЦװһǧʯСռָУǽһֲٻУѯʵô
ķԱϵĿҶٺ˫ۣʱǰλ͹ѯһ֮߳ȥһʶĴյġ
ǵҶٺõֲ˲䣬ɫʱˢһף˫Ŷסˡ
⡭Ա˵Ҷ
ǵģչҶ𣿡
Ҷٺһ΢ЦĿ𾪵ûķԱѯʵ
ҶٺҲ֪ôһҩóδ̫ˣҶϡ̶˿ڳ֥
Ҷ֮ˮʢаľԸɾ֮أʳ֮ɾϴ츳пߵ츳ɱ䣬ߵԣԴ֮Ҫ죡
һ˵ߵ츳עģ޷ġ
츳ߣԱҲȻԾǿԳɾͷǷҵӵȵķ츳ģٿҲ޷޳һע˵ģͬ޷ġ
ȻҶȴǸһԽʥĻᣬܹлӵиŵȵ츳ӵиǿԣ۵ͽֻǸ߽׵ߵжӵɱģ
͹٣ԵȣҪĶʵڹҪĸ˲ܸ
ɫ׵ķԱڲһ侲ıˣҶٺóɾ͸С
ԱҶٺ֮󣬵ײײĳٱڲȥʧˡ
Ǻǣľһҵˡ
Ҷٺ൱⣬Ҫľһǵ˷ҩľƽøӻңֻޱԵܹˮר
Ҷٺе֮ʱһ׷˼ҴҵĴӰٱֱ߳ҶٺŸոսӼҶٺķԱ
ϷȻٱĸƹ񣬸ʿ͹մ
Ȼ˫Ҿ۷ĿҶٺŵҶ˵
֣ͺˡ
ҶٺЦ˵ΪΪ˽ķҶٺȻʹˣֿ־һãֿ־Ҳ


063 ŷ
ǺǣԭҶҲչģҩˣǲֱչֻܹͨʽΪѰˡ
ᣬľƵҵҶٺȻ֮ˣ˼֮ȻӦˡ
ǰӦ֮ȻԱнӹһžӨ͸ĿƬ˶ĵݵҶٺǰ
ֻ֤Ҫڰٱºе֮ϳʾ˿Ǳܹ֪ݡ
ӹˮƬҶٺȻ֮ﳤȥʱҲ֪ʲôʱ齵̫ƽջȥ
ãҶٺѾ뿪õȻ˼վڰٱУһҶС
ƹþû˵СԱǰѯʵϣݿɣҪ𣿡
ʱҪǰͰˡݲʵߣǰٱǱ̬ȺãмǵöԷȻ˿еУͳ˵
ߵ̫ƽջǰҶٺȴǾȵķһȺƽԶԶΧ̫ƽջĴţָָ㣬ʱϧҡͷʱָָ㡣
үֵˣ²иһʵĴüͷ̫ƽջ˵
ٻǲ˻ŸոյϷ󹷼ҵŮޣһԲϾͽ𻨶ĳˣүһ֮󣬽ȴֿʼˣ
̫ƽջƹ񶼱һȵڵˣƹһͰܵˡ
ƹֿԵģ֪竴ǲãȴƫҪʲôСݣڿɺãϹͷҪ˴ɢˣ
ҶٺεԲһĶһ˵֮˽ˡ
Ҷٺ·˵ԽԽջ
ԭνķ٣֪õ̫ƽջƹһߴ˵رϢ̫ܵƽջ˵Ҫƹرһá
ƹϰߴرǸӵܣɴ˴˷ٴ̫ƽջҵ־硣
Լ͵һ¹ݸƹҶٺŭдⲻǹӣҺ𣿣
ŭ֮µҶٺʱʩչ׷粽һ磬֪Ʈӻҵ̫ƽջС
Ūƹķ֪̰һ
ʱһָ˵ڵ϶õƹ񣬲ϵѵšվʮ൱ƦС졣
ƹһ˫Żǵ飬ͷ֮˸ѪڵϣϵĳǰȻķٿͷذ嶼ײ΢΢
үŹСɣûʲôرŹǰɣ
϶㵽ڻӲ
үһŵƹո̧Ķͷ֮ϣ߳ԶѪϵƹ
ȿȡ
ƹڵϣ˫֧ţǰѾˣȴǲϵ¡
ǰõɲݴϢƹ֧ţɲԸСߴ͸ĶŪ
үŭСߴ˹ԼĻƵɱ֪ЩͨߴƢġ
ڵصƹ󣬺һѾԣѪСӣȻ֮ǰƲҶٺǸСƣȻǰһȺ쵰ûԹȥˡ
һ΢紵ҶٺѾȻվȻڵੲݵķүԡ
ΧѾõΣԼص;ߺڲϿͷƹҶٺѾûðɣȭͷյ÷ˣ
ٸоĳɷɻƫͷȥһȴǰŵȥԶ߾ȻϢվһŭСͯ
ˣˡ߳ȥ
ԭֺķʱ϶˵Ȼȴû˿
ʮ컹ҷΪ翴ҶٺˣѾһͻȻֵСŵʺˣ


064 
ߴˡˣģĶûж
ƹ̧Ѫ۵ͷӬϸĶҶٺ˵žͨһڵϣԹȥˡ
ƹģҶٺŭȼ
ƹΪԼű˴İиھ֣
ǶҪ
ٺʮĶһͬԨħ׹ѣӲ
ˣ
ˣ
촫ʮѾͻȻ°ĭѪڵˡ
ߴߴҲĵİ
ٿŹʮ죬ŵüڵˣĴм侹ȻԿѾʪ͸ˣһɧζϮ
е֪͸ĶҲҶٺߵѾڵϵķǰ˵
˲ˣҿ򷽴ĶӰ㲻ɱҰȻ鷳İ
óԼıвҶٺˣҶٺס
Ҳɱ㣬Ҫ㳢ձŰ֮˵ʹҶٺ˵һ򷽴ٵϥǣ
ΪʦҶٺε֮󣬾ǼᾫʯҪһĳοĲķҴ٣
ˣ
Ҷٺһһŵڷٵ֫ͷϣߵñףϡ
ߴˣҪʲôҶ㰡
ʹţڵϲϷҶٺһ˫ǧ״һǿĽš
ողǺקôڱͷ˹һҶٺĵı𣬰ѷ˵޵ݡ
㡭ҵţҧгݵ˵һ˫ֱֱҶٺ
ҪҳȥȻҪʹ
Ҿʹ
Ҷٺ˵׾нӡһǡôͬʯһѹڷϣĹͷѹž죡
̫ƽջ⣬ǷͬɱĽк
ãеҶٺƽ̫ƽջ̤澪ޱȵлȥ
찡汻ǸǷ𣿾Ȼ˸Ҵһ·˾ָ̫ƽջ֮ŵûаƬõķ١
Сߴһд󱳾ɽˣҪôȥߴ˳ķң
һ·Ҳǵսľ˵ԶȥҶٺ۹þ
ҪָǰǼȻҵʱˣǺþ˵Ʒ֮ߴˡ
Ҷٺ֮˵̸ڶУȴǲΪȻǷҵıһ൱ε߻
Ҷٺ𣿵ȻᡣµһڶҷοС֮ϵһС
ӵһöذʯҶٺкεȸ߰˵ͷ
Ÿ߳һҶٺеĴ󺺼ҴҵĳҶٺһҶٺ˷ܹܵȥﻹš
ߴˣߴˣ󽫾ȥһ𰡣
ҶٺվԭأǴ󺺵ĵѾǴ䳵ӵҴ˷֮һ
ʱǴѾܵҶٺǰһ˫˸޾Ĥݣ˵
ߴˣҼ񱱴󽫾֪һҩм֣һ𣡡
ãҼ̾ȥҩǼС𣿿гЧ
Ҷٺ΢Цʵǽ֮ŮĹ첡൱Ȥ
󺺸ǹߵͷҶٺ˵ߴҩЧҼСĲתˣ
ҶٺĵͷǴ󺺳񱱽ȥ
ˡ
ҶٺͻȻʲôǰ·Ĵʵţ
˼¶Źֵɫ̲ס߶ǸţţһȴǱħŵòᣬڻ·ģҲ֪ܵȥˡ
˴󺺵ĻҶٺвһżԼһɴ֮ϻԼݵţǵǡ


065 Ԯ
һСС¹̫ƽջ֣֮ƹһϹͷð
ҶٺţĿɲ¹ݰҩǿޱϡֵ¹ݸ߰ٱݰ
ţϵݱһЩĳ߷ˣҪ裿
Ҷٺž죬ҪţΪһ֣֮Ҷٺ˵Լ᲻һŭ֮½Űɱ
Ҷٺе֮ʱǰѾһߴΰĽ׶ߵĺΰ֮⣬ݵʨߣ֮ϣһϽ裬ǡ
֮⣬սɱʿĿǰԼҵĴԼŵˣޱľͨжˡ
֮Ҷٺǰһɫլլ֮һƬլԺȥû˿
լֲһϻվƣȴǸ⽫ƽһֲɣС
ǰլԺҶٺһ޵ĪѹǶŽϵĺŴҵһų⣬νƺ⽫Ҷٺ֮Ӧȥ
𾴵ߴˣ䷿ǽãҼҽĻ֮
һָǰΪĹӴķݣҶٺǳĴ֮ȥ
Ҷٺ̤߷֮ڣһɫޣ߳ߴ󺺴ǵĳ
ǳҶٺĴ󺺸ҶٺĸоǼͣʱֱ̱ͦƺ˵һֱһ˫ĵۣμ磬ŭٲȻһսķʣȴҶٺ֮ġ
ΪҶٺ·ĺӼѾվõеȺλߴˣʶܵҶٺͽм䣬ΪҶٺӡ
ߴˣλҼҴˣ񱱴󽫾ŷգ
ӹĳҶٺ˵ӽҶٺ
λ˵ǰǵ䳵ӣԱߴˡ
ŷղĳҶٺʩ񣬶ҶٺٲȻЦ
лߴ·ȣŷմҵĹŮлˣҪȣҹŮҪЩħˣ
ŷտἰЩħʱ򣬸Ǻ޵ҧгݣһɷȻ¶
֮ͶѣȻҲһɢޣȴһ򿴲ЩΪħ硣ҶٺҲ΢΢Ƿѽòüͷչ
ŷ˵Ϊ汱󽫾ӵǿȴǶЩȥӰǿ߼ɵѡ
ŷոеȵǣ˵ʵǿ߾ȻֻһȥͲʮСͯо첨
Ű;δǿħаʿҪܽҽս֮ϣʵȻߣ
ŷռҶٺ׿ж֮⡣
ߴ˵Ϣ֮أҽϣҳΪߴ˵ݾ֮ءŷЦһ˫Ҳгϸ죬˵
ҶٺԶһ񱱴󽫾Ļ֪Լˡ
ˣϰڵϰ˷¶һҾڽõУһеϰءҶٺܾ񱱽ĺ⡣
ŷռҶٺԸסĽУҲǿоһͻȻϥ͹ڵϣҶٺŵòᡣ
ߴˣҽªҲͰˣŷһ£ǿҿҾòεŮұصߴ˴
ҲǸʦŵСߣ΢ܲĴ񰡣ҲһܾȵŮĲ
Ҷٺæεϥص񱱴󽫾
СŮһǰͻֲԴͬһڴϣҴߴк֮£ȾСŮɣ
񱱴󽫾ΪԼŮȻҶٺҶٺ˼µʶ
ðɣŹۿһȵɡҶٺ


066 ڤ֮
żֵ·߹ͤ¥󣬴Сأ˰֮һȷ֮ǰ֮ǰվһòŮǰĴ󺺺Ҷٺ΢΢Ƿ
ߴˣҼСŷܰķ䡣
תҶٺ˵кԵŮС䣬λߴ˽ȥΪСϡ
ǣ
ŮС˵ű㽫ǰյķ򿪣ĿһŰԲ˷ڷ룬һɴڸǵĴ¶һǡ
С΢ЦŶҶٺ˵ߴ
Ҷٺһ̤ŷܰĹ뷿һ֬ӭҶٺһ
ʯԲ֮ϣһʵĸ㣬ǴСƷģȴֻðװ˷ˡ
ǰһʯΪ׵ĴϣɴĻɴסĳڵڶ
ϣһ͹µϡɼ˯ˣϢԵĻꡣ
Ҷٺߵ֮ǰ½Ų̫ؾ˴˶Ρ
ɴỬˮҶٺֿǰֵһ˯еСˣǰһĨ޻˯ðӡ
һӵơյ˫ۣһŷۺӣС죬̲סҧһڡ磬ƽŸǰǳɫĽ޳ڸǲס塣
ҶٺǰͬӰ㰲˯Ůӣ͵͵¿ˮǵһŮӣˮ̲סϧ֮ġ
ϯ֮ϣҶٺСĽŮӵ𣬾ƽԼܹŮӵ嵱С
ֱ˯ûļʧȥԣӦеĵ
С䰲վҶٺԣһ˫ɵ۾ǰֻʮߴˡ
˵СƨСʲô֮٣ȴǶνߴ˵еЩɡ
찡Ҳ֪ôôһСƨΪСϵģǵĿҲ޲ߵĹֲСӻа취
С俴ִŷܰ˼״Ҷٺɡ
רΪŷܰϵҶٺȻ֪ŮСڸһ񶼼⣬оͨɵŷܰľС
찡ö
ҶٺĽճŷܰϾУ
ĽΧĶ罬ճĺɫ
īŷܰľУͬһ̶ˮͣͲֻеҶٺĽһһ֣Щͬһ㣬Ĵԭƽľ海ûң
Ҷٺǰо֡
ŷܰһͨˣôܳ˶
Ҫ֪Ϊ֮ҶٺڵҲûʱһ㣬ŨͬճҺ尡
ˣȰЩɾ
ҶٺһʱҲ֪ǰʲôȴ뵽˽İ취ָԼ壬ڻĻԪŷܰӴйɵڣ
ȻľסˣôҾͰͨľɣ
ҽȵĻԪһŷܰľУЩʱͬ˹һ㣬ɢ
ʱ䣬Ԫڵľް
찡ľôɫģ
Ҷٺȴյľ˵
ԭɢ֮ҶٺѾܼΧͨľˡ
ǣһŷܰľ֮ʱסˣľȻɫģ
ҶٺŷܰеĽⲻϲʱı֡
ѵѵŷܰʾȻڤ֮壿
УҶٺٵĻ˹ڤ֮ʷϼء
ڤ֮壬켶ʣƹ֮ܶĻ꣬
ڤ֮壡ǿǧ겻Ȿ£
ӵڤ֮壬ζŴζųΪڤ֮ӵڤ֮ߣһӹ֮
֪ŷܰĲ֮Ҷٺʼŵһڷˡ


067 ҩ
Ϊڤ֮ŷܰһ겻ǻ£ȫ
Ϊ֮۹࣬ʹӵ֮׽ڤ֮Ҳ֧ŲԹȥˡ
һḶ́ڤ֮ٴɻḶ́
󣬼ʹŷܰһ鷲ˣֻҪܹѹӵоѸٵΪٶȣ˿ѷɫ츳
ҶٺڵܻԪɵŷܰľ֮ڣһ㱻ڵļ֮ýϨ
ŷܰڵ֮ȻܹҶٺڵĻԪѹƣ
켶ʣ
ҶٺԾ̾ڻԪٶԪͬҽŷܰɫľʣȻ޷κⷲ˵ľֺ
ҵʻǺԺҪ뷽跨ǿˡ
ҶٺʶԼʱЩӵ˼ʵ˵Ȼһֲڡ
˵ҶٺĻԪȲŷܰڵļϾԪڶ࣬ɽСֵɢˣ˵гЧˡ
ٿʵУŷܰѩ׵ѾָЩˣļȥҲܹоõ¶ȡ
С佫ŷܰı仯ޱ𺳣ǽеĿߴ̫ˣ
ܿǰߴлâţԿСڶ
ǹ˰ʱҶٺŻվɫ԰ס
ʦΪʱԴԴϵԪҲǿסġ
Ҷٺ˿ǰŮȻɢ֮תͷԵȺԵŮС˵
ˣСĲѾõˣҪѰҼҩƳҩСѹ
ҶٺҪҩ֮С䣬һЩܹ֮򵽵ĳҩ
ڼҩҪҶٺѰˣ൱ҩ
񱱽סһҹҶٺٴλص̫ƽƹݣҪȷƹѾãɵġҪΪӦĴۡ
Źһ죬̫ƽջ֮ڵξѾȻһ£ǿջȻõĻģҶٺٴθ̫ܵƽջĺÿ͡
Ѿǰʱ֣ջٴǰԷĿˣߺｻڶջ˷·𶼽ϷԺˡ
ߴˣݹ˰
һҶٺеĻкҶٺӭһſĴǰٵİһ̳Ͼơ
ƣƹأ𣿡ҶٺתͷȥǸкĻ˵
ҶٺἰǵƹǸ϶ʱĵüͷˡ
ƹѾûʲôˣ¥ءƹһ˺ͺãôͻѰ
˵⣬ģҶٺȻһ̾ĺ¡
֮࣬ҶٺǷٵԹ޸ˣ޲ýң
ҶٺȭͷľƱװƣһŨҵ¶ǣĶӶյûġ޶ԹҶٺ˲䡣
ˣ˵֮ǰٱֵῪʼ֮ˣҲ֪ٱôǰһ£
ҶٺĳԿĵţȴҶٺȤ
㲻֪һб˵ٱŪһ൱ıΪصҲõȣ㽫ǰˣǱ﾿ǺǴ÷зأ
ʲôܹôпɽİٱļ
߱ˡ
Ǳ˼ۣû͵֮󣬿һ˵Ķǰ˵иЧġҶ
Ļ˿һ˫۾ɵñȼ󣬾Ҷ
Ÿ˵һ룬;ͱڵýʵʵˡ
תͷ˿ұߺǵĳԿͣһЦתȥǱһס͵ɱ˵֪˾Ͳˣ


068 ţ
ޣ
֣м˵һҩ𣬻˵Ҳ˵
˵˵СҪҵСʬ֪Ϣһڰʱڴīڹ£Ѹɫֺǿߴ˶ˣأѾ׻ˣ㻹̶ˮ˵С
˴󲿷ҪݵҶٺû͵ȥˣ֪ԼһҶľƳ׽ҵĿѾﵽˣ
²̫ƽˣ
Ҫʱ޲Ҷٺ̲סЦһ˼龧ʯˣҪѰҽŷܰҩ
ȻҶٺ͵ͣס˽Ųˢһͨ죬ΪߵĳԿ͵̸
ոҹʱ򣬼һͷԵĴӱأƺҪʲôأ
Ƿ첻Ǳߴ˴ÿ°ĭôֳΪ˼ˣ
ʲôзұĿֲǷ٣ֻʣ¸ͷҲܱȻ
¿ˮ˵㻹˵ǴӿкöأһᷢⷢĲݶȻһĲݴϼ㻻ҲҪ

һҽ𣬸ոǻڳƪ۵ѾҶٺһڿУͽ͵ţ
˵㿴ķٺǱ
һû˿Ļ˵Ķ𣬰òϢȥ
ߴ˱ɱҰɱҰʲô㰡
ȻҲϵҶٺ챩򷽴ٵˣæ˵ȥתĵ·ھ˰ŹҰ
飡
Ǳڿе˺ȻأʣڳԿ͵
ٿҶٺѾһɫӰ˿˵ĵط۶ȥˣ
ĳһֿڣһȺƽΧһ𣬶мָָ㣬ʱ΢Цʱεҡͷ
Ⱥ˵м䣬ڶţһŸձҶٺŰķ٣ɲзϵʱȻѾȫָˡ
˵һ飬ϲŵҩó
һ˻ƿĴ𣬡ΪβǣǲûǮûƵϰˣҲҲҵģ
ϸ֮£һС֮ϣͷ󺹵˰ѽγڼϡ
ŭеķ٣˫۳죬һ׺ݣǰĴֱ
ٿŭ֮ˣҶٺǰĴţһ˫ټţֱֱű׵ķ٣ֱͦͦվԭ޶ԡ
ãããЩūҲҷ汾үǰɣ
ܻ˵֣һֲָֻǰţתͷľͷվŵڷ˵ǻү֣ɱ
ŷһϺޱ飬ͬĹȻûа㶯·ǷٽлĲǡ
ǻȥǿùǼҵǮģͬһ˻
ǵֻǱүİȫɱˡ
еһ˵ˣȴһ˵Χ׹ѡ
ǵĶȻңҪҵĻ˵һ飬ɱ
һָȻŭĿӵţһ߳˵
ӶһۣĽһͷͶʱӰΧԹ˵ľţԣ
ۣ
ϢźӰվţʱţѾƺһͬշһ㵹ɶȥ˵֮ĵϣһںѪ
ţһһʮصĴ󺺰ȴһͬɳһð
ţпԣŸռվܵķҴٺĹӻźӰԼ˲䣬Ͼͬ紵һ㣬óʹǱǹõɶȥܰˣ
ǣţ䵱еҶٺݣȻţһﻬ˳ڵϣ


069 ţ
ž
ʱȫ˷·ͬʱ밲ˣÿжֻʣµڵϵֲ
ͨ徧Өú嫣ӫ裬ͬµ˸еһĵ͵
ݣ
ĺӵһ¶̰ǿݰЩڵĵӿɴûлӴ
һڸں֮µһӣ꾲ڵϵҩͬεĶһ㣬ȥΧٹڵ
һ뵽ݵЧиǶҩռ֮ģ
Ǳң׷ӶԼıȵ
һ˪𣬡ҩҲûжộˡ
˵ţӵӵһɫʰ쵵ߴСߣڷٵĲ֮ϣŵòҽвѡ
졪ÿҲҪ
ٵĲӱһС߲ƣ׻ܹܵõƤ֮ǻġĸоСߵӴĸо÷ٸе
躦£ϰ˾ͺáԳΪѵġǸЦһ˵
ţֻתͷͬһŵ϶õţ˵ҩģ
ۡޣ
ţһ˫ţ۵ɵûԲȻʱȻͬԨһ巢ʱȴ֪һţ޵һһſˮǰԶһϣ
ķˣ
Ǻ䲻ıһҺϣɫʱÿˣһŲţģţǲȵž죬ۿҪˣ
ϣ
޴ķ˾ȻӲһӼЦһóһڵָֻСߣţǰͣţŵͫ͵˵
볢һɹߵζڣĳкֱײٰĹɣζ
ţŽ۾Сߣͬһ㻬ڿкòֵŤֱе
Ⱥ֣ţ޵һ
Сߵĺ͵һֽţѾȵѪ°ͽסţۿСĿȥ
˸㣬С߻Ѿϡõ൱вѣǧѪɹߣְ
Ǻӷſ֣ɹ֮ͬһȸԾĳţȥЦ

ţѺҲץֳʮצۣ
ĵĵʹ
ܹĶӣھɹУ
Щ飡
ţͽ͵ķһڵƴĹƴ˺˴Լ壬ͼ崫ľҸоٰ֣ȴͽ͡
ţͣڵϴв³һЩ鲻֪ʵĻɫҺ壬һӵЦ
Ż
Χۿƽ٣ܲסǰĶĳͷŻⳡҲ̫Żˣ
˵
Щ֣ȥɣ
ʱһͻأվϿմͬŰ
ڳ˻ûзӦһһ򳡴Ļ屬ľڿɣȻ£
ѹƵ纣˰㳯·£ƽü
ǶҪȫȥ
ҶٺͬһɫһֱдһӣǽɫΪȭݺݳȺеȥ
ƣӾһֵ̿Ķһۣ֮̿Ա
䣡
ӱҵ磬һеҲǽɫˣ
ɫݺţҫһѾϵҶٺԣ
ԼûбǿеĽɫҳƽ𾪵ǿƶҶٺͬը˵Ĺһڣ


070 а
찡ǲ̫ƽջ򷽴ٵСߴԩ·խ
ǿߴˣСС;Ϊһ鷳

˵硣ԭţͷһ˽Χƽ񣬽ǱҶٺһмɽ似ŵ˺ʮף
ţû°ɣ
ҶٺűɫץڿȻţżʵȻ·ʼٸߡ
ǡӣ
ţﻹ⣬ɫͬһ㷢ףƴ˺צ۲壡
ôаޣ
ҶٺһţڵѾ֪ţ
ţѾ˽ˣһֵָС֪֭Һڣ龰ֲ
һɫС߻õţѾ˽ҴܣʱųѣҪҪԼĺԱżһţѾ˰ɡ
СҲҲȥɣ
Ҷٺŭȣһңָţ壬ʦǿڣ׾ٵĽţڵɹ󱬣
δһŴԭ㼡
ҶٺӿռָȡһŰɫҩʱ磬ҶٺţĿУ
ԭǱصǿ޸ֻҪһϢд棬Ծĸ߽ҲܾȻ鵤ţôһ˾Ǿ֮͡
ţϰҶٺŵľʯڷ¡һӣлδɢȥĽ֮ƺڰ֮ĵ֮ϣ涼һĴ󶴣
ǵ°ɣ
Ҷٺĺ˵ԭѾûз֣Ѿܵ˰֮ˣȴҶٺ
Ҷٺסȥ·ĺпһвã˵ͬһ߶סһ㣬һƬ
ųԵһʦڵ߰
˵Ѿ߾ڰ˲㣬Ϊ֮Ҳ˵Ǵϲˣʦ߾ʵȴͬǵ޴ġ
ʦʲô˵ģǶɱǿһٱˣ
㻹˵ǿ뷨ܰɣҪȻСѱˣһȰ
˵ĻǷҵĴСô죿ȥǻİ
ҶٺۼǰħȻΣڵϦ˻ੲݣŭ⵽
ΪߣȻٺϰǰӣǻҪҪ
ҶٺĻһƣΧٸƽʱЦǰ󷭣׷ȡЦõħЦһһס
㣡ܣҵ鷳
ҶٺڿУһ²ԶѾС׼ķٶʱεѹſڵϣá
Сӣ㲻ʵǸ߰ˣҪǺһΪҪǸŰɱһ߱Ҷٺɫ࣬Ȼ˵
ȻˣһϣֶֻҶٺ˫ָ󣬰Ȼ˵
ħһۣһƵóѵı飬·ǰҶٺǸɵһ㡣
¶һ˿壬˵˵ģΪʿɲܿտ˵׻Ŷ
ħļЩߵȷǲмڴµġ
Ҷٺ˫ָڿԾȦٲȻˡ
찡Сߴδ̫˰ɣȻ벻˫־־ս
·սƽֲѣΪҶٺľٶе𾪡
ΪԼˣ
һƲ죬ĵĿҶٺ·һ֪ߵغСһ㡣
˶Ҷٺҵȴ൱ҶٺˡȻˣҶٺħսȻ
֮⣬վҶٺʩŵĽƲԶ
ȻҪǾͲˣ
ƵԭػħߵӰӣ
Ҷٺ˫ָʹŷɽҺ󷽼̶ȥͬʱ˵

һѪڿбͬͻȻһѪۣ
ʦ磬Ȼǿ󣡡
˵ĺ˵ǵʵɲˣ


071 ʬ
˵ţһͬ黺ͷ˾Ȼͬʱ˫ֽӡǰͻȻһѪɫУѪȡϢԵд·йͨǾĵһ㣡
Ϊǲͨ߾ڰ˲ħȴ֪ⲻǱϵʵʵţ
аһɳ졢ѪȸϢɢҶٺҲӰ죡
ʬʳɣ
˫ֳ죬״ħǺɫѾǵͷ֮ϣһɲɣԶϢд
𡭡
ͬҰްɫедţһֻצĺɫеһͷе
ʬܰ
·ƽﾭܵ˴̼ŵɢתۼûӰӣ
óʬ֮ħͼͨʬʬ֤гһգʬ磡
ҶٺĿ·Ѿе߳ʬѪԼǧɵʬӵϵĹƤ壬ͬڵߣվΪݣ
ҶٺһԦŷɽͬӥһ㣬£оȻ³һͬҽ
Ҷٺ̺ĴԪкȻ˾һаȻ˫޷ӡӶ޷ʩչ似ҶٺܹڵԼԪ
ꡭ
쳣͵ʬͬһ㣬ȻԪǵĺɫͷͬͻƬ̼ڳȳ֭
𣡣
ʬʵĺֽ죡ʬѪĺ͵³һںѪɫˢһò԰ס
㡭㾹ȻǴ֮壡
һؿڣԹ޵ĶŸַеҶٺҧгݵ˵ΪҾͶԸô
˵䣬ٻ̺ѪɢϢУһԶɪ
Ը֮Ѫ׼ڤڤдŵʬԸ֮ΪԶṳ̄ͣƽһв谭׼
ǱҶٺȥʬߵгͷ֮صĺɫоȻ֮ͬһ㣬ͻȻŴѪ⻺£
˸䣬Ǻԭ԰׵ȻۿɼٶȿήȻͬʬһʣһѪɫƤ
ţɣ˫֣˫ţ
һɿʦڵǿѾΪʬɢ
ǿ
˻ƲʬĿдҶٺëȻ
а޾ȻΪʬΪĸ𣬵ʦڣ
ҶٺѾ׼ˣһда޺ͻѹڵϲķ١
ʬǾûʶĹֻúҹֻҪܵԶˣȻͲҪˡ
Ҷٺ׼ʱһԴЦĻҶٺȻڳŵ崺ĸо
СѴ֣㵽ֹͿɣֺαأ
Ҷٺѭȥֻһ۵ʿֳַһֻѩɺףЦǺǵ
Դʿһ֣Ǻߵ侹ͻȻֹˣȥˡ
ģҼλ
һ˦µɺ൱ԵĽ䵽֮ϡ
Ҷٺǰ
Ҷٺ˫ҾʧڵǰͻȻֻϸĵʺá
ĵΪΣϵΪˡ
ĵ΢΢ͷûмƽҶٺĿӺѾ𾪵ò֪ԵķԼʣĺߵĲʶڡ
λµѣγƺأ΢ЦŶа˵
ʬ壬ʬ
Ǻޱ˵Ȼо֣ȴȻľͷһ㡣
ãԭʬ׼ƶϣʱд棬ƶΪµӣ֪ǷӦأ
ҲʬǷӦһУѾʬʬѾԽԽСսˡ


072 Ǭ
Ǭ
Ҷٺд󺧣Ǭϵֲܹʩչİ
жĵʵһģʶһڵĸ߽ߣ
ʱȻͬĴЦԶһ׽Уһ˼թɭ֮С
ͷڲݣ󱲰Ϊϲ𰡣
ͬѻɳƵĸЦһǰʶ϶ͷ
ѪħģͷӾͲҪˣҲ¸󱲳Цһͬ׷Ĵ˵
ۣ⻰˵òˡҺѪħһֱˮˮôСһ㳳ء
ĺǺһЦһ˫۾ԶӰ
Ļ䣬Զ˾Ѿͬһĵǰˡ
һ˻쳤һ˫۾͸ɱһӢǷһ˫ü
Ҷٺʹʬսаս֮ʱǵսʵǿˡ
ģ磬Ӷ赲ǰǿߺҶٺʬ塢Լ˯еţ֮䡣
ģҲδ̫̰˰֪Լռ׿Խĺ󱲣Ҳָָô
Ѫħǣ췢޷Զ񱩵ɱ¾Ѫ֮羪κ˰ӿ
ѹǵضҶٺʬ塢˶ʱ类ǧ޴Ϯ͵Ѫӿ
ۡ
Ѫħѹδչֳȳ˵ӻķپѾܲסǿֲƲ³һѪˡ
ߣѪħҺͱô
ķһӣ֮ţ˳֮崺磬Ѫͥ
ۿĺѪħһҪˣЦһεҡҡͷ
ˣҲҪˣ˰ǻǵٱһɣ֮ǰٱʢῪʼ֮ʱˣǺΪ֮ɣ
˵꣬Ҳٷϻˣתڿն˲ԶȥˡҶٺѾһСڵı۵Ӱӣ粨ӿƽ
ⱱǸôأҲ֪᲻Ӻҡ
Ҷٺ𾪲ѣȡ
ڱۼתȥ֮ʱҶٺԺͻȻֱ۵Ĵպ̫ƽջһ
ۿһͷѾȥĺѪħҲûжͣǰתʧڿС
ԵСպʲô£ɵФңһԾౡ֮
ȥ֮ʱҲǶҶٺ˽´
ҶٺҲ֪ʬͷûеõֵĴˡ
ûаշ竽ѵһ٣ʶʵߣҲ׬˰ɡҶٺĬȻûٶƽϡ
ҶٺתҪʬͷٸϾɱȴǷѾԼע֮ʱ֪ʲôˣֻʣҶٺͻڵϵţ
շӵˣ˵Ҫˡ
ҶٺǼҴҵķұƺ߳ɱǷ٣Ҳ֪ʲôĸֳ
˵䣬ҶٺѾϵţڱϣ½⽣·һ㣬Ծ𣬱㳯ķȥ
ʱ֮񱱽֮ϡ
񱱽ŷպҶٺԶһƷīڹزҶ裬һ̸ǰľơ
һ̣˹ӵҲƣΪǷ˹ıӷƽ˵մȾӵΪʵĶϰȴûм̳ӵֻһҷϡ
ŷһɫ£ʱͬһ͵ͨһлҳһӡ
ôҵıʲôùʿΪǷƽ߻ʹʬĶаޣ
ҼеĿߴ˵ڱŷҵһаħɣΪʬɷ֮Ϊܣ൱
ŷ˵𷽼ҵ֮ʱʱһâҶٺ񱱽Ӧ뷽Ҳ


073 ٱʢ
ˣߴˣһҪҪһ˵ġ
ŷ͵һĴȣȻÿ·ͻȻʲô൱Ҫ֮£æ˵
ѾԸռҪҽСŮҩˣѾռʮָҩҩ
ͣЪŷռĴ˿δҶٺش˵
ңӰٱǰ͵ҸϵϽܣ֮ٿİٱʢ֮ϽҪƷ
ŷ˵ĺϢҶٺȽкãƷ𾧿˵׼ҽŷܰҩһ֣Եõ°빦ˣ
ŷ
Ҷٺ۾ϵĿŷգ˵Ҷҵҽ֮ķģɷġ
Ҷٺ֮ʱһСײײĴӴſˤ˽ߵҶٺŷյǰ
żС̧ͷֵ̿ŷգúɨźͽеҶٺȴǹŲҶԡ
ţʲô𣿣
ŷвãϲľ;ԼĹʱ˵Դǡ
ؽ
Сµ˵Ų˵˼־Ѿҧ˼촽ˣɼĽŻ̿֡
֮ͻȻϷߣÿһͱﲻ;ͻᶯѾ̱ˣ
ˣôǵѲ߱أҵߣɱ
ŷŨüһͬɽһͻȻһưǰĵú¡죬
˵Ϊ˵ʿһӵǿʵսʿһγɵһȻɱһѷɫܵߣ
һ˼ŷһ˫͸ȻɱĻֱŵϥصС䣬˵ٲУǵĿߴ˳ְɡ
˵Ҫߴ˳ֵС䣬пһ죬ǼʼİٱʢǰŪüȮ
ҪƵýԼĿߴˣҲ֪Ҫٴˡ
СǰǸ±֮ʱΪҪǲ֪ʲô紵ΪķѪħ˰ʯ붯˼еĿߴ˳֣ŽǺ췢۵Ķ˸ˡ
뵱һսԲķ֮һĵطǺ췢ħͷͿߴ˵սನΪƽء
ٻ뵱һսһƽǳսб޹ǣƬ֮£
Ҫ붯𣿡СΪѵŷա
Ҳ֪ǰǳսɡô֪ѪħΪλĴŰɱ𣿡
ŷԹԵ˵ţҲûСش˵ٱʢᰡǰİٱʢ֮ϵһĻ˰󣬿ʷҪˣ
Ҷٺ񱱽ĶԻȴܲ²ǰٱеİٱʢѪħΪǱɱķ
˼ˣ
ҶٺкٺһЦȻжԾⱾһƬƽеǸ⣬ȴȻһ˿ƿؾĳɾ͸С
ҶٺһʣȻٱʢǰٱģΪǲеһΪٱʢĻأ
ҶٺҲЩ⣬˵ΪһİٱӦûеԼɧҰ
ҶٺʻŷյɫӲÿˣ·Ҫɱһ㣡
ߣٱȺԹŲͷӣ˵ʲô̬ȣֻܰٱΧڵ£ڵȴˣȻٱʢ൱ãȴ˰ٱڵ򰡣
˵ţŷֶǹڵϺС˵
̽ӻرīڹߴϹ֮еġѪħѾϵ򣬴ʱڰٱ֮ͣ⣬īڹڵСҲɳǰ򣬾ΪǼڰٱʢ֮ϳֵĺ
Сƽ˵·ֻһƽı档
С˵ң̶ڣĽͷ֮ϿʼһЩݵˣûɢޣȻ߲ƽ񣬵֮ĳͻ׻ǲǵƽ
ҶٺΪҶǿ̾ѣʱ䣬ҩѾ˶ǰ֮İٱʢһ൱ˣ


074 ʢῪ
֮Ҷٺڰٱ֮ǰŵģѾţ
ʱİٱѾǰۿ߲μӰٱʢɫɫƽˡ
ţվҶٺ󣬿ҶٺıڡʵֻԼ֪ԼѾǰĴŵ亹ֱðˡ
˵ţҶٺһĴԭ˻ȻѾûд󰭣ȴҲûʲôջ
ʱΪ˱Ҷٺľ֮ԸҶٺߡ
Ҷٺḧָ֮ŵĿռָһ뵽ָװԼ¹ݻ1000ʯͽƷ𾧵5000ʯܹ6000ʯҶٺԭľƽˡ
찡ĶЩʲô˰ؤåƦӣ׷ˣ
ҶٺĨ˰ѺЩˣʵǳڰٱʢ֮ԵЩͻأ
ߣСѣ㿴˼ǰɣҲԼһСƨʲô֣
ɲؤװͷƺҶٺĿӣݺݵĻͷҶٺ˵
ؤһҶٺǸ뵽Լǰؤء
Ҳ֪ص֮ǽɺϣǸֵĻٱʢҲ̫˵㰡
Ҷٺսľһ뵽ٱʢǵض֣һĸ߽߾͸е쬵ġ
ôһȺӢ͵ʢ֮УһʦߵȷʲôҲֻǱȽϴŵڻҰˡ
أǸʲôҲ֪«ʲôҩҾͰˣҪѧУ
Ҷٺ̽ռָУڷһСĽӣȥûʲôر
ԭ죬ǱԼҶٺ̫ƽջ죡
Ҷٺ鵽̫ƽջ뱱ȴֻǿµһֽǸӣֽݾڰٱʢİʱӼ
ֵҪѵӳһ̫
Ҷٺε˵ȴǲҷصı۵Ҫ󣬱ϾССļ仹ǲ˷ֵġ
Ҷٺʱ򣬰ٱ߲㴫һкƴѹҶٺĶ䶼÷涼¡
ٱٱʢἴʼ·ʿ

䣬ٱ˼ǼٱС
ٱغ鱦ĵڴˣѵһ
ǰٱĵһҲһΣһ߽ͨ룡ҪһİٱʢᣬٱĵҲ֪Ҫˣ
ҶٺţǰٹڽٱУҶٺѾİٱһ㣬Ҷٺܿͽѵһβſŵİٱ㡣
һ㣬ΪԼߴ˵ط
ﻹĲĽų̃́ʽĸ֣ǰһųĵƻ̨̨ͨǰǧ˵Ļֲָӣܸʮ䷿䣬ʩ˽ƣֻܴӷڿ档
Ҷٺڹϯ֮ϣžִٲţٱʢĿʼ
ʱƣܹǧ˵ĹϯҲѾˣ
ǰٱʢᣬȻַǷҶٺ̲ס̾
ѩСˣ찡ħģ
ҶٺԱߵһСͬһĽкţȫ𶯣
ѩС㣡Ұ㣡
˼̨ϵŮӱף
ԭһɫ˿µĳŮȵĲ˳ȫ𶯣
Ůİ͹£ǰ޷߶ζǵȫӾһ
̨֮ϣ欵ѩվų֮ϹְҵԵ΢Цͨ豸֮𵴡
ŮʿǣǣǺãһȵİٱʢҪʼˣǵȵż𣿣
䣡
̨֮ϵѩ²òˣĶȺڵļɸõ¯࣡
һ仰ĹȫնˣͬѹѾõĻɽ


075 Ϸ
̨˷ܵĹڣѩµ¶һ˿Цݣûйͷ
ٱһֱīڹµرΪյİٱʢ׼죬ӭ˰ٱʢľٰ죡ϻ˵ھһƷ
䣬֮ڶʱƣģ
һòŮӺ̧һа˸ߵǶ߻Ƶӣ˳֮ϡ
Ӵ򿪣һ˸ߵƷúͷθס
Ʒʯ̿ȴɻļȻԪǸͶ켫ǿȱٵƷ1000ʯλԿʼˣ
ѩ²Ÿ˵꣬һڹϯԵļ١
2000ʯƷʯҪˣ
ҶٺоȣƷʯԼҪŸտʼͳˡ
Ⱦ䣬
ҶٺԼڸտʼͺͱ̧ǺܲǵΪ
ʱһɴԱҲԱɳƵ˵4000ʯ
ߣ6000һ۵Ǻ
ţǰ治ԶĹϯϺ۵ˣ˵ߴˣʶīڹһԴߣ˵ڳ
ûҶٺӦһѱŮ𣬡7000ʯ

ȫڣһŻʯҲֵ5000ʯȻ7000⻹ǵһĶ
ҶٺҲмԼҪҶܹǮʯˡ
ʱǲ֪ŮӺ7000ʯǱ־ڱصú6000ʯ۸ҲԥˡȻҪõʯ۸ȴܲ˵ġ
ϵĹڿʼ侲ѩǿʼˡ
û˺Ҫ֪ƷʯǿİɵĻʯӵмȻԪ䱦
ʱˣҶٺ룬Ŵ˵1Wʯ
䣡
Ϲͬһ㣬ڵһһֵֻ5000ʯĻʯȻҪ1Wʯ򣿣һǸɵϣ
ҶٺۣȫѻȸûԸҶٺǿƷʯˡ
ŹڣһƵһ˫񶾵۾ź֮λϵҶٺʵ𣿡
վһޱĺߣҶٺһܹϳ˾ǰܵʬɷӣʬ壡
ǵģ
ߣȻĴʬɷҾʹ
ʬһ˫۾˸Ĺâ
ѩѯ֮󣬷Ҳû˿ˣֻһƷʯҶٺ˳£Ȼʧ˲ٽǮ
ҶٺԵţ̲סҶٺʵߴˣ1Wʯţ10˰һʯͷ
Ǻǣ1WʯˡЩ˵ǮΪ֮ˣ֮ϧҶٺȻһЦ˵
ٱʢóʮ䱦ƷƼƷƼһУҶٺͷĿѣ
ⲻ򣬵ȷΪЩ䱦۸̫ˣССʦ߿Գеġ
˵ոһƷƿ䴸ļ۸30Wʯˣ
ҪЩ䱦ֻ¾ҶҲӻġ
汻һ˴ˣƽһӾȻҲߵĵط֡
ҶٺǷƽƺ㾺һžת̶ʱвɵϷŪ֮⣡
򷽼ң5000ʯ
һҶٺޱϤ¶ڸǲסĸ߰
ڼ㲻Ҷٺһ֪Ƿҷƽүѭȥ
ַƽԼǰһţһ׺ۣûӵҶٺϲ
ðɣϷŪһ
ҶٺЦ˵ĳɢޣ5500ʯ
ⲻǸߵͷҳô


076 ַǷ
ҪĶ֮ͨҲһӣһ̶ͨˡ
ȻȻ˵ҳͷԣ˵ǺǷ֮˶Ÿɵġ
һ·ƽʱݣԿŭţȻǷŭץˡ
ƽ뵽˵Ƿңٴΰѽмߵ8000ʯ
䣡
ҵ˳8000ʯһ̶ڳĹǼڰ޷Ҳƴ֡
ӵҲƵķҲˣǿǸǮΰٱʢˣһ߲ɵø̾
Ҳ֪˭ô뷽ԣҲûʲô³ˣһֱ뷽Ե˿ɶò˰һ߰̾Ϣ
ҶٺΧ˵޶ãСʱûټֳֻǼҳ㷹Ӱ죡
8500ʯҶٺٴκۣǽȷƽļ۸߳500ʯ
ƽ뵽֮˾ȻҪȥ
Ҫ֪ǼҪ̶
ҪҲԸ8000ʯһֻҪ5000ʯ򵽵̶ˣ
Ҫҹȥǰɣҷƽ㵽ף
ƽҧгݵ˵ƺŭˣɲںǮĶ٣΢һ٣ƽң15000ʯ
ƽ䣬ǴһޱƵ15500ʯ
ˡ
޴ɧҶٺٴκۣȫٴηڣ
Źڣһ߶ϯ֮ϣḧŪԼ뷢ŹϯеҶٺıӰֺǺǵЦ
е˼̫ˡ
ǰߣȻҶٺǰģ˵һεϾҶٺͷƽ쵱ȻҲϳˡ
ƽݺҧ촽ϵѾͬһˣԵޱȿֲ
ϸĻǿԿһ״СŷƽĲӣں֣֮ʬӸƽĶߣ
һٶƵķƽܲסˣ͵Ĵӿһף20000ʯ
һȻ
20000ʯ̶һ񵤶˰ҵ˰ܼҰ
ǰһŹƨ̶20000ʯ˲ǵʲô

ƽһΧ˵ıӦʱǲ֮˵ļ֮һƬң
ȻҶٺһЦƵ˵ҴٹȻ˹Ϸвƣʹ˰̶øˣ

ʱڷƽүԵĹҲ̲סЦˣ˵ƽǴǱŪһ
߳ŭķƽͷ뿴˭˲ʶ̧٣ȻŪҵˣ
һͷƽͺҶٺԣ
ԭ㣡
ƽŤñˣǼԹ֮ʱŻγɵ飡
Ҷٺ΢ЦŶԷƽͷƵʵѾκˡ
ûⷽƽô˸Ƶģǰųİ
ѩһľǸһˣƽ20000ʯĸ߼һ̶
үǳַǷѩΪ֮壡
ѩ»˵ôһ仰Ҳ֪⻰ǰ࣬ˣһڵķӦ֪ŮѩµһǷʮģ
ٺôӰߵѩ¹ҲˣҪҲԸ20000ʯѩ¹ʶ
ٹȻ鳡ӰַǷһ־ͷһŮİ
֪Ҳȥˣܻѩ¹һͣӳ10WʯҲԸⰡѩ¹Ϳдõİ볡ȯ
ƽ˵ڶȻѩµǾ仰ͲĽѵǻҲˡߣҲŲɵӼƽϣ
ƽ˵ƽȺһƷ
ûãŮӺ˳Ľŵһ׳Ĺľж˳


077 ϵ
ѩ¼ö˵˵Ұٱ׸λǣһʷѾõıνӢۣȷƵһӢ۵
ˣ
ڳǧ˵Ŀ֮£ޱȳأǳŮԡĻľصڳ֮ϣ
꽨ľ̶֮ɣǰһ³ʮɵľУװŵģ˷񽣣

ѩµĽˣǴ˼Ѫһ˷쳣ѾЦǰ󷵡
ԭ񽣰ȻǱӢ۰
˶ЦˣЩڹҵеĴҲһȻĿǹӻľУһʱ֪˵ʲôá
ʲôЦأ
½һ֪ķƽһΣҲ֪ΧЦЩʲô
ҶٺҲһ㵵ĴλϣһʱӦظ
Ǳ񽣣ҴȻҼ񽣣
ڵѾƽϢˣѩٴν˵˽
˽ഫʱǰһɵĶеģų࣬ﲻˣﲻ˶Ҫֵ񽣣
˵䣬ŮѾľд򿪣ʱһĻĽ
ѩ»ߵľ֮ǰӳϣȥ⶯ˣѹڶð¼ڿˮ
ѩĽľ֮УûаΪȻɵľͰ׳Ĵ˷˸һʱλ˿˵
ʣ˼伫֮˿žŰʮһɣ֮ʱŭ𹲶ʣ
ѩ½Уһḧ̻Ի͵Ľ
˽֪Ժɣᣬ֮Ӧֻ֡нǦأη绨ѩ¡Ǻǧż֮
ѩôһ仰Ϊβ
ȡ˷񽣾Ϊž޾֮ʵΪ˼һ5000ʯ
ôܣ
ƽ󺧣ⲻǱ𣿿һɳ嶯£
Դӵһۿ˷񽣣һֺĸо
̫Ʒζˣ磬Ӻһָ߹֮У
ƽүд󺰣ˣҪľ
۾Ǵ˷񽣵ҶٺͻȻ׽ǼѵĶϲ
ɵСӾȻǱȤҲԣǱư
پҪ־𺰼ˣҶٺͷŸչڷ֮ǰָ߸߾𣬴
5Wʯ
ӣ
дŭȻϳǰм۵˾ĴΪǸߴˣʱСԼİĶ÷ôܵˣ
ʱٵҲѾˣȴҶٺһмˣ
˽м۵ѩдϲΪƽҪĸգ֪ԩͷ5Wʯ£ѩϲ⣡
˳𣿣ûٳ۵Ļ񽣾͹λŶ
ѩº޲ѽ͸ͻȻƳһ˾ԭǸղŸ߼̶ķ٣ѹŭĶԷƽ˵
ҲˣҲжŶ
䡭
ѩµһʻͬһͣѷƽȼյķŭ֮һñը
10Wʯ
ٸ˵Ѿų̂ˣɲϣձŮѩ͡
ʱӣң֪ԼۺܸߵķѾ׼ãǱ׷һžʯͰǱİøҲƲ֣֮
֮֮йЦԼ̾ѡ
Ҷٺֺγ֪ǱŪСϷֻ֪ҪԼ׷һʯǷپˡ
ǣҶٺô
ŶɴĺҶٺлѣүȻʶ֮ˣ񽣾ӦøЩӢ۵ģ
ȻѣǰһڣͷޣСӵĵˣ


078 ر
ҶٺǰԶʱѾҶٺûķƽүеĿֹһˬֿݵģ
٣ȱ˰ѿˣ10WʯһѵĿ񵶣ˬأҶٺ͵͵ǰķƽ
ƽȻͷݺݵĶҶٺ˵֣һǱĹͷ
ƽлڷ׷ײƽȻû뵽ҶٺĴԣ类ҶٺĴεŭˣ
ƽһ뵽ǱܺԼζѾԼˣ10Wһ񽣣ҲֵǸ۸ˣǲƽϢһڶ
ҶٺΧ˿ŷƽͬ׳һֹı飬͵֡
ؼ֮͵ſްɣǱƽһľϣ
ҶٺߵţҶٺסЦ⣬һɻʵ
ߴˣ⾿ô£Ǵ˷ʲô𣿡
ҶٺʱЦǵΧߵĺ΢һ٣ҶٺţǴ˷񽣵
Ǳ˷񽣵ȷѩ˵һһŴɵĶѰ˶ġ
˵Ƕ棬ȴһͷƽһ㲻ѧ˼ȡĴ
Ϊͼʡ£ΪҵĶʦΪһ籡ɴ񽣣Ͽ̾ͼƣ׷ɢͨ󷨣
ǣôһ˷񽣾ͳˣ
˵֮칫ɶʣǺǶȴǷˣ
籡ɴĽȻһľͷϣˣľͷҲѽһϸ΢ѷ죡
˵⻹ˣɵ񽣾ȻǱпõķвֻð֮
ҵǶôһ֮ķϽ֮ʹ½ΪһʱЦ̸
ȻҶٺǱƽмǵٴοǱ˷񽣵ʱ򣬱ڰʯռ䵱еľ񶦾Ȼ˷ܵ
ô£
Ҷٺд󺧣ܹоõʯռ䵱еľ񶦴˷ܣͬ˵ޱϲã
찡һղ¯һǿ񵶣ԭǻһأ
Ҷٺͷ亹ǲҪҸǴ˷Ͱʯռڵľһá
ҶٺҲĲμЩƷˡ
ЩԽԽϡеıﲻôһշ˵СƵС߿Բˡ
ʮೡһƷᦱŹҵˣһƷ۵Źҵˣ֮ⶼһЩעĿƷ
ʣµߡ˼Ŀ˻ûгְҶرҶٺ˼
˵ʱ٣ʱ죬ʮֵѾرʱˣ
ȫû˸Һ񣬽ŵĶ΢Цѩ£´˿رÿһ̣
һƻõڰٱĵ𣬼룬ÿ˵ļ鶼
ڣ̨˶¶һ˫ͬǰ۾ѩ֪ѾȺڱٽ㣬ʱ
ǣѾΰٱʢرʱˣǣ𣿣
رó
ó˰
رر
ȫʱ̣ôһҪʱ̣ҵĴҲ̲סˣ˫һգգĶԶ̨
ˣѩҲ˷ѴҵʱˣڣǱΰٱʢߡ
䣬װŮһɫװεͨл֣߳صĽľаڳ֮ϣ
ѩĬĬĽַľ֮ϣһ˫ﲨӿ۾ǰǧˡ
û˵ţѹֵһƬռÿһ䣡
ҶٺܹΧ˵ĺ̿ˮ
ʱ̣⾪īڹرҪ¶®ɽĿˡ
ѩޱص˵ҿľУֲǧǰѩ»ڵҶ
ѩһ޵׼֮󣬳ڱѹѾõļױͬɽйѵأ


079 ر
ûзΰɣҶҵ츳ԸıҪڣ磡
һ߷ĴЦҪҶˣ
ҩһŵҩܹӵãǴʱеߵ
ҶҵˣǱˣҳ1WʯѾˣ
1Wʯô٣Ϊײ˰ҳһ۵˲Ÿո˵꣬Աߵ߾Ѿµ
25Wʯ
35Wʯ

ȻȫڶһҶջüѣʸ񺰼۵ȴˡ󣬺۵Ѿֻʣ¹ϯ˺͹еĿˡ
55Wʯ
2Źǰڵ˵·൱֮ڡ
70W7ŹҵĿ˾ѾӼˡ
û꣬ҪеʲôʱͷҾͲˣ100Wһڹϯе˼µ
Ҷٺһը죬ţڰٱڼǸؤôԵţͶȥѯʵĿ⡣
ţһ˫ţۣɻ˵ôôղؤ
ҶٺˣЦӦˣڵؤͷǮˣ
Ҷٺţ˵һ˾мۣҶļ۸Ѿ120Wʯ
ҶٺѾЩ𺳵ˣֻĬˣˣ
Ҷĳɽ۸εĿֲ
150WʯǸؤǺۡ
ѺҲˣ200Wʯ2ŹǰȻ˵
200WʯۣѾƽ˿ϷˣϵĹڶֻǾҶĹ
õĳĬ֮5ŹڵĿ˿ں۵220Wʯ
ٿҶٺѾЩŵɫˣ
ֻǹԼҶֻ100Wʯңû뵽Ȼ200Wʯ֮࣡
ͷҾǲ䣡250Wʯ
ڹϯеؤ˵˾λݵͷӣԡ
⻹ò˻һؤˣ
250WʯԾ˵һ֣ǰǵȸ߽Ҳü˼ˡ
Ҫһˣ
2ŹڣǰЦǺǵо˸һƬţҲû˳ڶڽŵĻţϣµ߾ֽмۣ
ҶȻ250Wʯ˹ϯϵǸݵؤ
ٺٺ١ͷӽֿ԰ȿؤȻлصѣ
Ҷٺţڵһ亹ͷӾȻҪҶ
ﰡǧź޲һӵϰؤ
ڣѩ»μĿ˵⾪īڹİٱʢϲԽֲܲβˡ
ǣٱʢĽ
ҶٺĿŻں־װҶĺӣ㵸ϲؤΪĬĬ
ؤͷҪкùԵˣ
ҶٺƳ˼ΧˣǶòؤ
ؤƺоʲôٿһҶٺ˫˸С۾ЦеĶҶٺȻתۼ͵Ҷٺţм䣡
СӣүãԶٷɣ
ؤһҶٺĲӣһţĲӣȻ
ߴˣ
ͱ뺷ţȻͬСͯһû˿ֱֿߣ󺰣
βˣҪˣôô󰡣
ҶٺдޣؤȴûκãҶٺ󺰣ͷӣ߰Ժ԰
ٺ٣ղײգǾͽȥ԰ɣ
ؤѾԹԵҶٺţ˰ٱ


080 ӻ
ƽүոõǱ˷񽣣װ񽣵ĺѾӸӶˡ
ʱÿҶٺǸţһؤˣʱϲ֣
ٺ٣ñү񽣰ˣ
ЦкӶҶٺţ棡
ٿǰٱĹУЩѾϢʧˣ
ؤ˲ò࣬䴩ݣΪȴף˿һӾʹȺӵİٱ˳ȥ
ͷӣҪȥﰡţŴУһŮ
ؤЦе˼һᣬ˵ǸŶǾȥ̫ƽջˣ
㲻ȥջҪǰ̫ƽջˣҸû꣡ҶٺҲҧгݵĺ
ðɺðɣˣNƽݣ
ؤȻҶٺĻڽͷβת˼䣬һҿջͽȥˣҹ徲ģƫƧˣ
ҶٺдޣؤôƣһҩĺһײƵģ
ƽ˵õ˱ﶼߣȴǵƫƧĵطɱ
ʱڰٱĴ֮ϣ˸ʹ˸ɫĵؤȥСȥȻȥѰҶٺˣ
߿֮УһСԼ֣˰Ϣ൱ãҪϸ̽Ѱ֮¾Էֲˣ
ǺȻǺ췢ƮݵѪħ
ⳡϷʼȤˣؤƺǸ֡ѪħЦ
ͬһĻĻطţ
ӵرؤѾסˣ
һرؤȻʲôƵģкݵСֵĺ
СҪϵȵŮ죡Уռ⡢ӣ֮ʲôóԵĶҶ
ҶٺսսСϣɵΧڳԷĿˣЩˡͻȻ𣬳ųһ似
ЩڳԷĿҲǱؤˣԾĿʳؤﻹֹš
ҶٺϸһŷЩ˵ģʲôؤԵñǺá
С˻ûؤҶٺţڨһֻ־һ̳Ů죬ҵĵʱ磬һ˵
СǣҽкˣԺڳҺүţǣ
ţؤĻС˵ʲôƨү㹻ǽ˶ô
ؤ˵һƿϣţ
СӣҽкүҼסˣʮǧؤ
Ҷٺһ󺹣ţҲǹţģȻʵ׵ͷǰ϶ˡ
ؤһ˫ǵתҶٺجج˵
ͷӱȽϲСӣͲ˼ƽˣԺбˣͷӾݣͷӵλø㵱ɣ
򲻿ɰǰҿı
Ҷٺæѵɲ뵱ʲôؤͷӣǿɺһߵݲôġ
ߣǲǵؤݵ£
ؤѵؤ˴ؤʲôƥеģɱ۲ʶ̩ɽ
˵ţǴӿڴóľУȻװҶĺһһЦеĵݵҶٺţǰ
Ҫǰܲ񰡣ûȥ
Ҷٺһ߽жƻȥһżΧĳԿͣЩԿһҶٺǰƿ·ʲô¶ûһ
ǾǸˣʲôؤĶҪˣµֵ൱
ҶٺһΣ˵ǰĲĶǲƽСӣûʸ͵ǵϷа
ȻؤȴƤЦ˵ⶼԵְСӣ㲻ǺԵֵôҵ͵Ҹǵļˣ


081 
Ҷٺͺ˽ֲµʱСڰС˶ˡ
С϶ŵСˣ磬ڣȥ൱ζ
Сһ߳Ҷٺǵһߴȵ͹٣ǵС
ؤҲϽľջȥľ֮ϰڷš
ʱСѾһӶ֮ϰľУһ˿ײâЦ˵͹٣ϵľеϲأҰ߰ɣ
ԣ
ͻСȻһֱؤ֮ϣͬʱһֻҲ֮Ȼһذף
Сķ̬ȿɲа
ؤ󳳴µ·û֪һһֻ׳ݻƵһӣĵ˦һߣ
ɱ
߰˸ѾŵλڲĴҴܣ
⻹ʮԼλϵĳԿ͵Ĵվ¹ͰĴӴܵļԿɱˣ˵֣
ʮ̿ͳֵĺ˵ңͬһܳ˲ͰС
ǻһӰӣڿջش󣬻һߴ󺰵Сӣľţ߰ͷҳŲס
ͷ
ҶٺкţվԼԷѾм̿ͼҶٺľߣҶٺˣ
ˮƣ
Ҷٺһı͵سǰ̿ͼȥţ
ţҲһͬţһ㳯һ̿ͳȥȻһ¾ͰǴ̿ײǽϣ˹ȥ
벻еʵ
ؤѾʮ̿ˣЦٿϣǺŵĴ̿͡
ͷˣ
ҶٺˢһϵľץߣɲҶĻ̿ˣؤ˺
ЩЩ˰ˣĻںأ
˵꣬Ҷٺͳſȥ
ȻҪ֮ܳʱȴ͸ıûбĹ˵סȥ·
ʬ壿ʬɷˣ
Ҷٺ󺧣µ֮ϳʬ壬վΪ֮˵
ȫܲ
Ϊɫ˿۵ɭЦŸһ˫Թ޵۾Ҷٺر㣬ɱҵӣҵӱǰץˣҪ㳢
ʬ
Ϊ׵ĺӴһӣһɺɢȻʬ
֣
ȵµӷ·ĵӰҶٺţȥ
ţľˣ
ҶٺһľеţкͬʱϽӡƽʵʵӭĺµӣ˵ؤȥкǸͷӰ
ؤڲôС»Ҫ鷳⸶Ϲͷû԰
һ˵ţԼת˲ǺͷӵǰһֻǵצӳͷӵĲץȥ
ߣ
ͷһһâɨ˵Ŀ˵
ʬɷӣʬ
Ǻͷɭڲص˫֮Ǹֳһһ׼ĿֲѪɢĻϢ
֣򲻹˼ңɹϳæ֣
˺ĴЦͬϷһɰ˽ͬһͷϵѪ֮У
𡭡
һͬ޵ӺͷٳѪ֮д
ţһֻɫۼ׵Ĵ͵ץס˲Ѫ֮еĽȻǹϽѪ֮У
ˣ𡭡
һȣ˫棬͵ĽгϳһڵϣҳһѺۣ
𣡡
ź˵׳Ļһ׵Ļɫۼ׵ʬ
ʬý˦ڲݵǽ֮ϣҳһ󶴣
üһʬˣ
ЦȴȻ壬ͷӵĹרЩ֮ͽ󡭡
䣬ؤ͵ĽɢĽ棡


082 ٺ
һ˸ڲ֮γɣһõĽɫ֣֮
ߣؤ似ˣʬƣ
ͷȣԳĽվȻ壬ӡ裡
𣡡
ʬǽ֮зɳסϲðźȻƵ
Ȼϲð̣ʬȴǺ֪ȻмĽȥ
˵һߣսʬٻʬɷӾҪҶٺţˣٳʬǵڰ˴ˣдݿ֮
ǲŸߵһʬɷȴǿǰţĽľԶǽȥ
ľвҪ֮ôЩʬɷĵûж룬˾ͳľмȥľ
ˣָӹҶٺǵͷʬٶȾˣ
ʬǰٶȾˣټҶٺʩչĻͷʬֱؤʹ֮ʲܵҶٺţǰ
𡭡
ͷʬһεźǿĺкƵĽлҷˣ
ʬҪ˵ľǰʬɷ۵һ³һںѪصˤڵ֮ϣ
ֻʣؤͷʬɷȻս
ʱϴߵ˴Ӳſڳ˽Ȼס˽ĹȥûľеҶٺţȥ
⣡иְ
ҶٺдޣҶ˶಻ʤ
ڽ֮вӰҶٺţǾڵϵľȥ뽫ҶٺȴͻȻоϯϯ
ţܣ
Ҷٺһţƨϣߵùֽһͬڵ㳯ǰȥ
ͬһʱ䣬ҶٺнӡһɫƺХȥ
һһŵĸ׳˲佫ɫƲסһͽɫˤԶΪ۵Ľ֮ϣ
ˣ
ؤǸ˵óѣ˫ּӣϰٸɫӡɫƻ÷֮󣬸ǳ˳ȥ
ʬɷؤϰٻغϣؤʵѾ˸˽⣬һߣʵָ¡
ʱؤĵŹᣬָʬǽȥ
ԼǴʩչʬĺؤĺ󱳺Хȥ
ۡ
ؤ˷˼ôĵˣŸֹʬƻ۵ȴʬɷĺУһʬڣ
ϼһʬܰɣǲǸоʹչǲǸо
ʬɷЦ˿˷ڣ
ʱִѾؤʮɫӡͨͨȻܵʬɷؤ˵м䡣
иͬһʬס
̡
֮Ͻţܿа֮ĵҷѾѹס߳ɹʬʹ໽У
󣡡
ʬɷѪӿʬˣʬѪҲܣɵѪӿ
һѺɫ󵶣ŵɫϮȥ
ǣˡˡʬɷһսУ
ҶٺԵһˣ
ձȥˮƵҶٺͬɫĴƣǵصǳΨһһȥ
ȻҶٺܶȥȻ޶ãż΢棬Ȼý̤ڴ֮ϣƾԾҶٺͷϷһŰ׹Ҫ䵽Ҷٺͷϣ
һȥˣҶٺһ˫ֿٽӡȻӰһζ
ֻأһźڰ׶ɫĹâڿеȥ
ţҶٺһźɫɢϢĺڹ⣡ҶٺɱС𡱣
ۣ
һ죬Ѿɵǰĺڰ׹ű˵ָһ㣬ȻɫâĴɢݣ


083 ǿ
˾ȻƽҶٺɱСֻءھԵʵǰļҲ̸
ǣʱɫâոշֿ˲䣬Ժ󷽽ġѾݺݵɫâ֮ϣ
䡭
ֻء͡һǻұըģ
һŹâ֮γɣȻһɻϢϯݣޱȼ̵ĽҲЩ
ܣ
˻ɫâ֮УҶٺ̤׷粽˲Ѿץסľеţǰܣ֪˳ͻʹâģ
ȻȵҶٺѾܳݰ֮ɫâȻֱͬ
˺˵ͻɫ⣡
΢һ٣ٴͻƽ󣬳ݳڱȥȥ׷ܵҶٺţ
жʮӣ
ҶٺĬ԰ٱʢڣŽȥʮӣʱҶٺѾܳǲݵİ֮ˣۿžҪص·ڶĴ֮ϣʱţͰȫˣ
ߴˣߴˡҶٺץҸµţżĺ
˵ǾҪȫˣ
ţ˵Ҷٺ˵ţ
ȻţûͣϢż˵ߴˣ󣬺棡Ѫħ
Ҷٺпһ죬ͻأͣӲתͷȥ
ûոţ˵ģѪħѪħЦվһͷ췢Ʈ裡
Сӣͦģ֮ǰ𣿡
ѪħЦѪ۾ϲŭ
ǰûе£ǲ·İˣ
Ҷٺһε˵ϿǻؼǻҪؼҳԷأ
Ѫħȥ൱кҲŭЦеҶٺţ·ϷŪֻϡ
ҴȥǼҳԷˡƺʲôõĶŶ
˵ţһֻӻֵĴ־ȻͬƤһϳʮ֮ݺݿҶٺĲϣǵĹͷ
һСҪأڵΪˣ
Ѫħ۾Ҳգһ£һֲֻ٣зһȭͷСѪ򣬳Ҳȥ
飡
һƽײԭ׷ҶٺţˣһӭѪ䲻ϣҳʮ֮⡣
˵ҲΪǺܲɣҲϾֵϹѪħ
ˣȰСආˣȻӲɱС֮Ǻܲҵľ뵽ȺͷӵϷУ³׵ģ
ѪħźҡҡͷһֻħצѾңңһľȻҶٺţתۼһɢֲѪγɣ
ȥɣ
ѪħѪ֮ڿлһӰҶٺȥ
ߣҸƴˣ
ҶٺзźѾƴһս׼ˣϹֵһȻӰӶţ
Ҷٺþ߶üĴ蹬ڵʯܴ߶İʯһĻĲҶٺҲš顱Ҳ㱻ˣ
Ҫ߶ʯ֪İʯӵһЩ޴ɱ֮ȴʦΪʹõģ
ʱȼΪǿд߶ʯ
ľ񶦣СǶҳҪƴˣ
ͬһʱ䣬ҶٺҪʯռڵľ񶦺С
ȻҶٺϿʼһɿֲ֮ʣһɫ֮羫裬ҶٺǰһɶǿסѪ򣬽Ѫʮ֮⣬һСߵˣ
ѪħһСϰԻûиİҷ㻹رǳ𣬾ȻСƽأھҼǰС
һЦԶʴͬͬ·ʥϢ䣬Ѿһֻɫɺ״ˣ
ߣ㲻Ҫʣٴȱ㻹ΪҶģر㻹ǿճһ߰ƤأһαĶѪħ޵һ˵
Ѫħ˵ľ̫ˣҶΪ˼챦֮ʿ֮ʵõٰ֮ǰЦǺǵĸŰ룬˵


084 
㲻ҪߵǷǣ֮˵ǻԲ¼°ɣ
ѪħϲǰǰĿгɰǧȭͷ̺ޱѪѪǰȥ
λСѣ߰ɣ
ǰҶٺиһצɫѪγɵѪĻֱѪħҧȥ
ǵҶٺȻҪˣ
ɲϹֵս֮£ɢݳɢ
ĵл֮ҶٺȾܣӻҪܵÿ죡
ҶٺҸűͻҪһţҲƵĳֵķȥ
ɲֱӷɳȥֱͳ˻İӣڿе׼͵Ϯ֮˵Ĺ
ȻѾĺѪħս֮Ѿˣܸܵõս֮ʱ߳絶а磡
֣һƣ֪˱ؤ˺ʬɷˣ
ҶٺľΪʵɲӹһٸең
ǰʮ֮һսǣǾַͨĲˣ
ҶٺϲϽǲȥʮ׵ľ룬Ҷٺ˵תۼĹ
ǣ˲ڵҶٺȴ𾪲ѣⲻոСôոߵʲô
⣡󣡡
Ҷٺд󼱣ڶԼѾ߲µĻУ
ͨʽʯƷһض״Ӷشγǿķ
Ʃؤ˲µĽһƵжٶȣӷټһӵǿĽʿ󷨡
󷨣Ҫ߲ܹϰⲻΪľޣΪ߶άҪΪܣ
ڣҪϵ߲ʸӴܹ֮صǿҶٺʦʱѾˣлϰʲô󷨣
ҶٺһһСһĪչ֮ʱţһ
ȵҶٺתȥʱһӰѾһ۶ȥӰˣ
ٿţУľУľѾˣ
ҶٺѾţʱ˽Ǵԭغת
ˣ֪һ·Сһֵͨ·
ǰѾ˰һģһСǱм䣬޴룡
ߴˣǻ᲻ᱻﰡ
ţһ̵˵ΪӵмʶҲԵֵ󷨣
߲似ޱȣµйͨ󷨸޴
˵ʩչ似൱еǹ֧񵯣ôǲµľ󷨾൱ƺƴĵ
ҪⲻǸͨĻˣֻҪȥۣȻʧ
Ҷٺִ⽣һ߽䱸ܣһ߹۲󷨣ȴ󷨵
ͬһʱ䣬Ҷٺ˵֮ʱҶٺţıǴܳһӰ֮ϮҶٺĺģ
ߣ
ҶٺһԺӰһ־Ѿˣ⽣˸âӰݺȥ
ৣ
ӰҶٺһ룬ڿɢˡԭǺӰõģʵġ
Ҷٺ˼֮֮ʱü蹬ѾþòİʯҶٺԺȥһ
ҶٺԴһɲǼඥ󳹴۾Ȼַܹ֮Ʈ
Уվ֮ϵ¸һһģһĽɫģ˷˸ͬ״ķİڰ֮λ
ƾǲ֪Ӻζľԣ˲͸й
ȻܹۣһȥǾͶ֮ˣ
ԭˣɵôҶٺЦ˵ִɽ÷񽣼Լܿģ
Ҷٺǲ֪ηʥĵµ󷨵ǲһ֮һĻ
ʱҲڻаɣ͵ϮٶľУҶٺһЦн⽣һһ̣λеѾȥ


085 
ˢһҶٺţǰľҲǰһģһСˣһƬѩѩأҶٺµĻ
ҶٺĿһܣʱ׽ʱڻһãߣһɫۣΪ
ţߣҶٺ˵Ÿһ㣬ţڵ֮ϼ˲䴩͸ȥ
ߴˣʲôǰǸ˵סôţȥסүүңţһţֿʼ˵
㻹û¾Ҫˣǲǵ˰
ҶٺзΣͽôΪһһ̬أΪֹֻһʦģ
Ȼһܹ󷨵ˣҲĴˣȴƺƣڼªһ󷨵ʦµġ
Ҷٺ˵ѾȡһĲȴǻڼªˡ
һ뵽߽߲󷨣׹ضɽҡشƣǼ򵥵Ļ󣬲޾޾ħоݣ
߾֪Сһ
Ҷٺ֮ʣһ߳ȴҶٺ˼·
Ҷٺд󾪣Ͻ÷ƣûзκǿϢѵ͵Ϯ֮书˵ã
߳䣬һӰҶٺͷݺȥԼ䣬һ貽ҫۣ
Ҷٺ̧ͷȻ΢̣ǰۣںڰеˣǺҶٺ൱Եķƽô
ڰٱʢĵĴ˷Ҷٺ
ִ٣ôһ10Wʯ񽣺Ҵҿܲ𰡣
ҶٺЦһжȴ˿ûͣͣ⽣ӭȥ
ˣ
һĽҶٺн⽣Ѿصԡ
ǰ۸ңˣ죬ҾһĸԸ㣡ɣ
ƽһҲ˱óʹ˫֣ٴִ񽣳Ҷٺȥ
飡
һ죬ηƽǱҶٺзɽľ׶Զ
ȣ
ƽҲйԼ񽣿԰ҶٺſѤýҫڷƽϣӳյͬս
ԣ
ણ
Σ촫ƽȻûٴαҶٺȥˡȴֱ㶵Ĵԭأ۾ɵþ޴
оõ񽣴ĸоЩͬˡ
⡭
ƽһȻתͷȥͻȻһæеˣͬ˹һ㣡
٣ô·Ҳǿ10WİͱҿûǮŶ
ҶٺЦ˿˷ƽѾɫ
ôô
ƽŵѾϳأɢҫĿĽòץˣ
ҲѹַƽŭģŸ10Wʯĸ߼񽣣Լлʱ޼᲻ݣȴսо촦÷ƽԿ
ߣ10WʯѣүǮҲˣߣҲŲһʶý͸ɣ
ƽһ˫۾Ҷٺߺ޵˵ҶٺĽǶȿȥƽϲͬ޹ɲ
һô첻ͺ˸Ƶģ
Ҷٺ˼ĿŷƽܶȥıӰе൱Ի
ǵü֮ǰķƽǸųСĴȴǱñˣ
ˣٱʢҲȥʱˣҪҸƫƧĵطС
Ҷٺ˵ʱ䣬оϣҪһƫƧȫĵطձĻȥ
Ҷٺ˵ҪһƫƧĵطţӧ˷ܵ˵
ߴˣ֪һƫƧְȫĵط
˵ţţȱҶٺǰ˵Ǹ֮
ΪˣţϤ̶ȾԶҶٺģӣţѾҶٺһСɽ֮ϣܶде̲ݣûаõ֮


086 ֱ
Ҷٺ۲ΧĵΣе൱⡣طе͵ϮҲᱻһʱ䷢֡
Ҳ֪Ǹؤ˺ʬɷսôˣǸĺѪħ
ҶٺǵĸڵϹ׷ʱٲˣ
Ҷٺ̽Ѱһλָ֮ϵĿռָеǸľУؤ͸Ҳ֪ʲô
ҶٺԿ϶ǣؤ϶ὫҶţһʼûġ
ҺţһģһľУɢ͵Ϯ֮˵עϺ꣡
ҶٺһţִӿռָнǱ۽Ľȡ
ǽҲ֪ʲôɣͨƵɫ߹ˣ壬˿ǴӦеĴС
ҶٺͷڽϷϸϸ꣬ӳڽ֮У·һڶ΢Ц
ôǻģҶٺ͵Ľͷ˻ȥȻǽԼĵӰڶЦ
ôˣȰǱ۵ĻɣʱҲ쵽ˣ
Ҷٺֹţкһߴţձ۽ķͷʣ˫̣һļ
һƶˣɲǼӿ
̵У΢΢ͬˮ淺ƣҲ΢Ĳ
⣬ʲô⣡
ţվһԣԶԶĿҶٺľٶҶٺѧʱȡЦʱȴʲô˵ˣ
ŸսгһҶٺʱеѾȥ߳ɣ̴߶ȻҪ˶
ڶƲ㣬еƲ㶼ͬоһ㣡
еУƣˣҶٺϣԼ̵У
ٿ̵УѾͬˮһӿӿˣɫҫ̵УǽƵͬյ㾧Ө͸
ҶٺķڶˣȻ󣬵֪ΪΣгʱȴ·أ
ɫҫҶٺоһ⾹ȻЧ
⣬ȥҾԼֲסˣҪ˵
ҶٺоѾľȫавãٻһҩſڱȥ
ڰʯռ䵱еҩ̺ۺ˲佫Ҷٺĵȫ
ţаٻ£Ƭɽͬһ
죬·أͨͨڽ̵У
ˡ
̾𶯣ȻڰյУɫҫ
Ҷٺ֧ˤڵϣڵĴŴȻȫ

ҶٺŵĨһѺ̿ϴƵģһ㶼װ
ҶٺȻԹȴͷۿȻڿеĽ̵ı仯
ʱͷ­СĽȻƯڿУתɫѾͣϢҲƽƶ䡣

Ҷٺнӡ΢ʹǿеĽ̹ɵľֹ䵽棡
ˡ
̵ݵϣһվԶţѾָ׳ŵ˹ȥۿǱĵ
סǳ˸ʲô˵ģһΪ᳤ƽ
ţ䣬Ҷٺӵ°ڣæǰȥǽ̵׷ʲô¡
ҲͷӱȻƽҪֵǮ
Ҷٺ۾ŸƼǽе壬ñһƴţĴͷϣţһ򣬲˵ڵϡ
ߴˡ
ţίĿҶٺҲ˵ôҰʲô°
ҶٺҲ˵ǽĶСĵʰϸ
ǽĶһ˶󼸷֣磬磡ⲻ͵ٱҶ𣿣


087 Ǭ
תҶǻصҵУһװ׵˵ľʯҶٺпЦ
Ҷٺϲʱ򣬵õѾܹ7ͻȻ֪һɢǿϢԾٶȳ
ôƨƵģҶٺֵ˵ʶĽеҶջذʯռ䣬һֽ̳һŲ֪ԵţҪܣ
СӣҸƨҪȥﰡ
ҶٺûпѾһѵ٩ֲʧǣ
ҶٺҸµţͷͱҶٺı󣬴ʱ֮ˣޱȵĽкţоȻЩѡ
ߴˣǰ
Ҷٺвã׷ΪǸ߳࣬Ȼתۼͷɹ7ǰ
ţ󺰵Ҷٺɻ󣬡ߴˣĸߴˣ
תͷҶٺ˫һͣҸµţ̵ڵϣ˸ʺ
ǰҶٺʧ˵û뵽ȻܹԼȴʧԼıۣ
۳ڵϵţͶҶٺͷʾǵͣЦǺǵĿ˵
úܺãΣǾⳡرսӮˣ
ţٿһӵɻߴˣôأ㲻˵Ҫ죬Ҫٹһ²ſԻô
ǺǣٱʢʢǴˣ½ź
˫ָڱһƮǷԵøĪ⡣
Ҷٺεȴţͱ۵Ķ̶̼ԻУѾ³˱ۺţĹϵ
۾񱱽Ŀߴˣ
뵽ҶٺæЦĽռָеĽ̺Ͱʯռ䵱еҶٻ֣صĵݸۡ
ǰ飬Ѿɹ쵽ˣͰЩ
ҶٺЦ˵һ˫۾ֱĿű۵۾ޱȳϣ
ۿҶٺľٶа΢΢ͷ˵
ǺǣҶȷ֮̣͵ļɣлл˽Ϊ۱̣ԶŴر
ҶٺȻɻɫۺȻ΢ЦҶٺţʲŷ£
ԭٱʢرҶһ߽ϹĽӰˣ
Ҷи֮Чīڹ½֮ͣǿ߸־ΪҶ
ЩֵУԼǿڣ֮ͬһҲˣ
ղҶһ˰ˣһϷĿˣ
ڱ۵ĿУҶٺ˽⵽ؤΪβϧؽҲҪҶ
ΪؤڵؤϾ˥ҪʣµΨһѪ˶ؤﱦ
СȴȷүƽҪңѧǸķϲģ
ˣͷϾľİ˴ϤΪǰСѰҸıʵ鵤ҩ
󣬽ļڣʧҶؤľӢϤɨŰīڹ
˵ʱѾ۲ؤи·ûٵаߣ
⣡īڹ¶Ҫɫ˰
Ҷٺеʱ֪ԼһҶǳΪһؤĴ߻ˣ
ûӽīڹ½һ˸սĻˮУ񱱽Ҳܶ
εʣ̾Ϣһ仰û˵ÿһͽ߶Ҫб׼
ˣȲ˵Щ
ͻȻվñֱ⡣
Ҫص۱ѾǿǵעˣҪϽ뿪
˵ţ۴һӣһǬ㽫Ҷٺţսһ׹⣬˲ʧʡ
ޣҲ̫ˣ
Ҷٺͷϣŵڶ·ϣ̾վԵģǺһһС˶ţ


088 ʩ
Ҷٺڱ۵ӣͷ·ʼһ㣬û˿һɴ紵׵ľƮصʵ統У
ˣ
ţĴԼĴͷԹͻȻʧصĸоܡ۾˿ΧͻȻ
Ѿص˰ȫţҰȫ
ҶٺţǸ˷˵ԼߺΣƵģҶٺţһӡ
ˣһȥŷܰĲκðɣ
Ҷٺ͵һԴ˵ҩҩѾˣǿȥСĲˣ
Ҷٺݷý֮ǰûлعȻ֪ҶٺŷܰĹֲϢ
ʱһҶٺⲻʦСǹֲһ죬ⲻƣ˵û𣿣
Ҷֵܣ⣬зܰСĲ۵˵¶ŵĸ顣
ǺǣҲǽܰСĲˡһžϿܰСΪڤ֮塣Ϊ˵û㹻ǿľɺԲŻῸס԰ˡ
Ҷٺ֪۵˼΢Ц˵ҲֻҪôԪܰСڣ֢Ȼ
ҶٺĻʱ˷ܵùһ֮ˣɲΪԼǨŭʿ
˷ܵ˵ãȥ֪ŷϢţҶֵһȥΪܰСƣ
ۻҲû˵꣬ѾܵòӰˣ˷֪ܿ
Ǻǣ
ţͷЦߴһģڽǳç򣡡
óó
ҶٺɵЦȴ˵ǽ˿һһ³çȫç򰡣
ʱգҶٺٴվŷܰĹ뷿ǰСǰغš
Ҷٺһŷܰ㶯˵ģֱһ뵽Ǳ߻ŷܰҶٺȥɱĳ嶯
ˮǡ
Ҷٺ͵͵ŷܰһСĴ֮£̤뷿С
ӭģȻǹ˯֮ϵģȻǸŮӡ
ˣС䣬ȳȥҪʼʩˣҶٺĽ¶ʱһŰ˸ߵĳƷʯлżϡҩҪʼʩ
ȵС뿪뷿֮ٴһ֮ʱҶٺʩչƣһų֮ȼգǼҩڳɫ
ҶٺһὫŷܰķ°󿪣ǻϸƤҶٺʧءŵɫŷܰУ
ЩľֻǸҩǽĺƵԪĴ߻ľ𣬻ľ֮ƶǻԪˣ
ɫŷܰƤ̹֮⸡ӵзҩ鼰̼գ
Ҷٺ˫ֽƷ֮ϣʩǻ̺ĻԪȡ䵽Լڣ
Ļʯڣ·ҺԽԽĻԪҶٺ֮üڣ
ȣ
ҶٺһƽϢĴҴܵļȻԪӻʯȡĻԪӴҶٺڱƽٶʧ⣡
ѹסڻԪҶٺԳ˯еŷܰ˵˾䡰ˡͽְŮӵĸ֮Ԫȥ
Ҷٺԭ겻ĻԪͬҵһйһ㣬ĳŷܰĸ֮ӿȥƺƴͬ󽭴ӹ
ڻԪҶٺʱеѹһᣬ΢΢̾˿ʱżǵԼŷܰС֮ϣʱߵ졣
⡣ҿΪôģҿûаᱡ֮Ⱑ
ҶٺҰοֻԾŲƼ£ŮʸС
ٹŷܰڣԭ͵ĻѾ൱ճѾ޾ӵĻԪˢϤˣ
ȻǻԪ¶ȼߣȴκβΪڤ֮ŷܰǿ
ڤ֮徹ȻǿȻŮֻ̥ȴӲĿһƷʯǿ


089 ܰ
Ҷٺ겻ѣҲѾһɶõˣⷲ仹бŵ
ʱ֮ҶٺѾҪȡʯڵĻԪˣһӣ㽫ǿƷʯʯռ䵱С
а˸ߵĻʯ֮ڻʣһ봿⼫ȵĻԪ㹻Сʳˣ
Ҷٺչӣ鿴ŷܰ״
ڳѹϤŷܰԭ԰׵Ѿ»ָˣͬ˵ƻһ㣬Ҷٺ̲סҧһڡ
ǽյ촽Ҳ¶һ˿޵Цݣ֪ڷΡ
ٿ侭УѾտҲûһ˿Եøɾͬɫͨ
ھеĻԪͬˮĻһ㣬ɫˡ
֨
Ҷٺ򿪷ţ߳⣬ȻɫصţС䱨Ѻõ΢Ц
ߴˣƵôˣҼСѾѹˣҶٺһҶٺ̼еʵ
ҶٺǺһЦЦţļ˵ܰСûˣٹʱңͲҪѹˣ
ҶٺĻţС䶼ͬʰСƵģ˷ܲѡŷܰڽ˵ĿпǱܻӭİ
ţ˷ҵţͻȻֱ㶵վƺʲôҪһ㣬˵
ˣոŷǰ֪ͨߴˣߴС֮ǰã˵Ҫ󣡡
ҶٺȻӦԸţŷܰĹ뷿ǰغ򣬱ÿã񱱽
֮ϣѾ񱱽ŷաۣԼҶٺʶˡ
ҶٺǼʶԵͷʾѺãǼӦҲǽľˣ
ߴˣˣСŮĲˣ񱱽ԶľͿҶٺ˵
񱱽飬ǼҶٺϤҶٺͶȥɣмĿ⡣
нĵطзͽҶٺ˵ЩСӻע⡣
Ҷٺûм֮ϵ񱱽ѾǱɤˡ
Ҷٺ˵ܰСĲ飬ѾƺˣֻҪСϢһᣬͻѹˡ
ŷԵı۶ҶٺͶȥ͵Цݣ˵ҶֵܹȻӢ۳꣬Щ˼ҿɶĪ
ǰЦˣٺǽܹŷСĲ֢ˡҶٺ΢΢˵
ߣ㻹м֪֮ǽҰˣĪʹ˽񣡡
ڱұߵһ˱ĵ˵˫ǱĵۿҶٺ
ǰѵǣҶٺһ٣ʵ΢Ҫǰָ㰡ҶٺЦŵ˵
ǰһ죬Ҷٺ˵޵ݡ
ŷռԼļҳȻһӵǿʵߴ񣬵˵
ФԪ־ôߴ˵ߴ˷Ѿ˼ѰҩΪСŮˣȴӣߴ˵Ǹ
Ҷٺ˿Լմ۾д죬ȴæ˵ͲˣФǰϾǱ곤ˣҿܲ𰡣
ФԪ־ҶٺúӶˣСҲ֪Ĳ˵ǹġ
˵Ļ˸о˼ֻӬƵĶĲѡոǻФԪ־оԼ·ջ˼ʮƵġ
СӣԺô㣡Ҫ֪ФϵФԪ־ޱŭķݵ
Фϣ㶼ʮˣôСӼƽأФԪ־ԱߵһԷֵӸ˵±Ƶġ
ˣŷһĲ輸ǰŵҳ˵ıδģܵģ
˵ţŷתͷȥȻվͬͦεҶٺ˵ߴˣմ㣬ʵǱǸˡһ£ϣߴ˿԰ҡ
Ҷٺ񱱽ҲͦкøУô˵أ˵ŷֻҪҶٺܼģһɵģ
ŷƺϵҶٺô˵һ㣬̧׹һЦ˵ߴӢ꣬պһΪߴ˰æý


090 ٶȸ
˵ţŷֱͦӣĶҶٺ˵⼸죬ҽ̽ӻرڽʱһЩħߣǵʿȴǶЩ޵֮޿κΣգߴҪ죬ҪԶаˣҽֻʣһӵдܵߡ鷳ߴ˻ȫˣգŷձرߴ֮
Ҷٺͷһε˵˵ģҲǸϰ΢СӣҵܻȫҶٺȻ󸮵ģ
ҶٺŸ˵꣬ͻȻһżѾߣһ񱱽޵
СһֱץԼƤ⣬ԼƤȥ
ô£ŷվһæļҳԼҶٺҲ˲ˣĳŷܰķȥ
ҶٺޱҲǸűŷյ󣬳ŷܰķȥ
ôܣѵôҩˣҶٺд󼱣ŷܰʱԺѲϵ
Ҷٺϸչżصȥİѵ˵ż֮ϵ˵Ǵģ
Ź˲ӣҶٺһ˾Ѿĸϵŷܰķ֮⣬ԶԶǾǷ䵱дŮ˻ߵļ
డҡ
սţҶٺͿҲ̶õһĻ
ԭһȾ֮ϣѪ绨һƬƬǴڴϵɴҲ˺ͬ鲼һ㣬һŮ˴ɴ˺̶ֳȣ
֮ϣһѾòĽµòŮӣƴŤڣ䣬ѩ֡
˺Լÿһ缡ͨ죬һƯѾʹŤ
ڳĳЩһ𾪵ŮҶٺ֮⣬һǾḻˣȻֲˣȴȻβѡ
˵ҶٺδµСˣѾ࣬Ҳˣ
㣬ǣ߰ɶ񡭡
ŷܰȻʹ֣ȴһߣʹ࣬æǰ˵ߣ󺰵

һ̾ϢһӣһŷܰϷԹȥˡ
µҲֻˡС䣬ΪС£
ȺŮС˵ţǽҶٺ֮Ȱ˷䣬һ˫˸۾Ҷٺ
Ҷٺǰ˫˸ȥͬϺƻıۣæ͵ǰûκβ֮ĵģҲǰչżϵļİ
۾ĶҶٺһ˿ζЦ⣬òʵ𣿣
ֻǲñǰҰˣҶٺ˵ǰڵ֣ô᲻°±ͻȻһưûҷ
һƬžصŰ֮ϵŷܰ
ʱѾ˵ָյϾˡֻǴŮӵ֮ϣȻצѪۣ
ҶٺվһߣεһĪչıۣҲ֪Ӧʲô
ô£ѵڤ֮壿Ҷٺɻűˣͬ˵Сèһڴ̵еŷܰĪһʹͻȻҶٺһôô
ܿͻȻԾתӣֱҶٺ
ɲƽ˿ԿõģѾڵҲһ˿
Ѿѻ˵ҶٺʱڣȻʧ˵Լܿܣ֪˵Լ˵ĻһŵģǱ˵ԼʦӵطԿˡ
ǺǣʦһλΪߵĸˣһգжҶٺǸһΣ
ӵһǿʦǱߣǰ;ۼ£ֺ֮ġ
ȻҶٺŷܰϵ쳣۸ϽҶٺǰΪŷܰ
Ҷٺǵŷܰ쳣ġԪסͶǿҵУȻȻӦˣ
ҶٺһһǵŷܰڣеԼľͬһһ㣬ۣ
찡ô£ˣҶٺǰľĿ࣡


091 ٶȾ
ǰ۸ӵĽ֮ǰɫڤ֮еɫȴǽ˱һ˪
˵ڽĴҴܵģ֮ǰҪĸǿ
Ҷٺæص嵱У򱱳˵Ŀǰ״û˿취ˡ
ʲôҩԣҲüͷ벻Ȼ
Ʒʯľĸݣ˵ֽ״֮ǰģҾ͡Ҷٺֵ˵ţͻȻһƴԼͷϣžһ죡
ݣܹ֮ݣҶٺȻŷܰΪνˣ
ڤ֮屾ͼټֻѷɫļ֮壬ѩϼ˪һͨôܵϬĺ
ݣ𾪲ѣ˵ֻʦСϾȻݣǿɲͨ˿Եõıﰡдɽˣ
֪ŷܰʳݵıۣҲ֪ŷܰϾʲôˣ
Уһͨ˵ŷܰΪܲס̺޾űӵġ
һ˼һĿҶٺ·ҪƵģҶٺõսľ۹ЦΨһ֮ƾֻУΪҩ
ΪҩҶٺһʱױ˵ʲô˼
ȥһʵıδģıۣ״Ҷٺǰ¶һĲЦ˵ǲڵ߻Ůڹ
Ҷٺͱʧ˵⣬ôԣŮܲףزʶôм֮ף
ٺ٣СӣССӻⰡʲôʱ˵ҪҼܰм֮װǴЦһ㽫ڵԪɵڰˣ
˫ޣ
Ǻǣ˫޿ǲͬģ˫޽ԾԪ֮˫飻ڲ㽫ԼڵԪɸˣȻĻ
Ҷٺʱճ죬ⱱҲ֪Ƿ񱱽ĿߴˣȻ񱱽֮Ů˫ޣ
ɻǲ뽫͵ɫҾ֪ûʲôģôһҶٺĵ˵
˭뵱ɻ˭Լ֪۾ȻŵĴڣȥںƵġĶ˼Ȱ˵񱱽ԼŮҶٺϲ֦Ϊ񱱽һδǿ
൱Ҷٺ
Ƭ֮Ҷٺ֮̽ϣǰǱִֽŰڵĳ״ˣŷܰ
ٿ֮ڣѾһˡΪ˲ҶٺŷܰƣҲȥˣĵȺ
ڵĻԪɵôҶٺŽߣɢ޵ŮеŷܰѸٽӡγɣŮӵĺӡȥ
ҶٺÿһĻԪǻ·˯ѳԱתϢ׷
ǳĻԪ½ͨȪ͹гȼѨλŷܰڳȥ
ͬˮ֮̿һ㣬ҶٺڵĻԪɵŷܰ˪Ľʱꡭðˮ
ڤ֮ͼ֮赵ȻҶٺԽп࣬ԪܵĺϮҲܣڻԪĵͬʱеһ
ҺŷܰĽûдͣƾΪĻԪȻйһ죡
ţǻصҶٺĽһ죬ѭϢԽתԪеٶԽǿ٣
ǿȥѾֻͬСϪһĻԪŷܰڤ֮֮ڱĥµø
΢֮ڻЩ˪֮ĻԪǽǼ֮ҶٺڣȴǱҶٺӵеͬǰһӵɵ
ҶٺڵֱӼеѭУ
ԪŷܰҶٺڱͱȻԪƵԪʱ䵱У
ŷܰԭھ֮ϵһ˪Ҳǻڻ¶·ǰɫ


092 
ʵУҶٺŷ֪ܰǣʱѾһ϶ɫŰţƾڶش
֪УҶٺŷܰѾǰһƵģҲֲ
ҶٺһֱѸٽĿеУʱ䣬Լ磡еģǺʵԪ
ܹоõԻٶȽУڽнٴθƣ
ֻҪʱ죬ʾܿ𾳽ȼһĵȼ
ʱ䲻֪Ҷٺȴȴʱ䡣
ҶٺڵͬʱΪͬһȼʱŷܰĽѾָˣɫĽ⻬覣ͬû˿ʣ
֪ҵΪʲôʱſʦأҶٺ˳鿴һ״ѾתΪҺ̬ˣͬճĽҺһ㡣
ֻҪڵһΪҺ̬ôҾܽʦˣ
ҶٺٴλغĶĽ̻壬ѾĹغĸҶٺڵϱ䡶챦֮ʱ˵Ļ
ˣҲԹˣҶٺȻڻ˯״̬еŷܰƽ֮ϣȥҪ뿪ⷿˡ
ʱҶٺѾõŮҲĲˣҲΪŷܰһɡ
Ҷٺһ˦ͷŷܰȻԺеٻӰ׵ԺԹԵ˵ɷб𣬿ҵ·أ
һеҶٺ̹ȻĴ򿪷ţš֨ѽһ򿪣ӭһ⣬Ҷٺ΢Ц˳ȥ
Ҷٺ֮ϣ˯еŮͻȻüͷ΢תոѵԺһƬհףǶԽշ¶ǵˣȴǸоʧȥʲôҪĶƵġ
ͷһߴƮݵĺһʮӵıӰޱϤһ˿иС
˭ô벻ŷܰüͷʧ뵽
֮⣬ɫѾվȺҶٺŷܰģֻʣţŷܰŮСˡ
ʱҶٺһƽĴӷ߳ţСʱŵΧǰȥĵѯŷܰ
ߴˣҼС㻹ûʲô󰭰ȥҲֻʮСż˵һ߼ðС֡
ǺǣСѾȫˡҶٺС䣬˵ڵ廹൱ҪʵϢܹ´ߡҽأ
ʱţСػ˵ߴ˵ƿҪѼʱ䣬ԾͻȥȺˡ⼸ҺСȺǡ
ҶٺʲôΪܰСҽΣ˼ʱˣ
԰ѾǵˡţҶٺ·൱ɻҶٺ⼸춼ôһ㡣
ҶٺаŷܰԼԼʣȻ֪оͻʱˡ
˵ҲǷϳģϾʵǼ򵥵£
Ϊŷܰ꣬ҶٺصΪԼ׼ĿͷУʼѾķõĴ
ԴҶٺ뿪ͼپˣҲǺ쳾֮֮߶ʧԭ֮һɡ
˵ӵʯҶٺʱ̶ƾԶȡİʯȴûоٶȿ졣
ȿҵΪΡҶٺа¾ʯռ䵱УӣٲȻһСҶٺ
ڰʯռһƬããĿռ䵱Уϰҩǹ׺Ļһڿлƣڼʱ䵱лĸԼʵС
ʯռ䵱еҶٺܹĹۿΪֻĵ֮УһɢӴϢлתܽ۶ʦǰڣ
ҶٺѸٵĽֹˮ״̬˹»ϲŭ֣·ٴλصڲ֪µĿ£
ֻأӰƣ
ڰʯռ䵱еСҶٺһһԼļɱУϰٱ飬ǧ飬ҶٺԼʲôˣÿһ似ʶˣ


093 ǰٱ
ÿһһµ򣬾һµߣ
ʱҶٺľǿ˹ؼãҶٺʽǿٴǿҶٺѾܹӳǼеĴ󲿷ˣ
ˣ󷨣ҶٺͻȻԺԼֳռ˲½Լ߲µĲ֪
֪ܲں
Ҷٺڰʯռ䵱һһݻ󷨣ͨǸ֪Ѿ󷨵лֻҪӵһ㹻ǿۣԼ¸µܹعķģܹһ͵󷨣
ҶٺڰʯռյУӵޱҩΪ壬ʱڳһСĽʱγһõĻ
СȸԾҶٺ߷裬ͬһС飬ʱডডĽ·ھҶٺ֮µ棡
ʯռ䵱У´Ҵңһ죬Ѿһ꣡ҶٺҲ֪Լڰʯռ䵱ݻ˶ãʱѾܹͻ
Ͷ֮䣬СҶٺΧܸһ͵ĽĴйķƣԼĻ꣡
վѲػƬأһ
һģлɵġ󷨡Ȼѷɫˡ
˵֮ԼҶٺǸ˵󷨡ֻҲһǿʽˣ
ড
СҵĴ³һųͬҽĻ棬ԼĽȥű𣬵ٶȼȻ֮ͬһ㣬жͻ
ˣ
վһͬһĴųС̤ȥȻͬԽռһ㣬ֱӳСϷݺײСϣ˼ɫë
ড
С𼱴ٵķƺڱԹҶٺʵƷ
ʱȻŭޱȣȴԺȻѾ翵ķ̼û˯ˣ
ڳˣ
ҶٺĽĽĽǵûָ֮Сŭ˵һģ
˵ֻһԵ󷨣Ǵ߶Ҳӵʦڵܹסĸ߽ߵйˣ
ҶٺϲãȴЩźȻ죬ȴҪľʯܹ߶Ȼܹƾ󷨣һˣ
Ͼûϵͳϰ󷨵֪ʶܹƾԼԲ͸Ҫܲµ󷨾Ѿ൱˲ˣ
󣡡
Ҷٺ˵ΪģֽͲ֪
ȵٱ󻻸ľʯڽΪ󷨰ɣ
ջع鵽嵱еҶٺжԦŽ⽣㳯ٱķ򼲳۶ȥ
һ·ϣҶٺԼһߣðٱ̲ʵݡ
ڿзеҶٺһ·ϿͬӬ鴩صߣҶٺԾʱɵ۹Ѳһ뿪
Ҷķ粨ûƽϢҶٺа̾ڵĲֵ߳ñǰһʱƵˣĻ̡̻
ûãҶٺ㿴Ұ֮ڵϤ¥ǰٱ
ٱʢ֮İٱ󣬽ǳʢᣬ˲ңѾһʱĽ죬вǰ
ҶٺûдӰٱŽ룬ҵ˰ٱĺţһͷת档
ٱرϣմӺ̤ٱҶٺܵõһǿʶɨվںŵҶٺľʯʶźҶٺ¹Ϊƽ
ٱҲǸֵĵطǲԻ
Ҷٺ̾ݵҶٺܵٱСͯдһžʯζҶٺǰٱĹͣ
룬ƹѾȺˣһСͯѺõĶҶٺ˵һΪҶٺ·൱
ܹȡҼôıǮôҶٺʵ


094 
Ҷٺһ߸СͯܣһС֮ڣСݵŵģڵĶŵȻٱƹ
˰мҰٱҶľʯѩ£Ǯ
Ȼ΢ЦŶҶٺ˵͵֮˴һȣ쵰׼ˮ
ҶٺЦŷŭеȻ˵Ҳ̫˰ɣѵʲô֮ģ
Ȼ䣬߽һ欵Ůһ˫۾Ҷٺ΢ЦɢһŮе
һװдƱӣҶٺǰž͹ɵ˺һԡ
ȻҶٺ֪ٱʲôϷǽǿ۳˸ٱ10Ӷʣ9WʯһȻϣܹԼһĽ͡
Ȼһ˫ϵ۾Ҷٺ˵
ȻҶ䲻˸ٶ³ǰٱȴģȥĶȥҳе
ʵҲ֪ǰٱȻֻǹģССУǺòŵ˵Ĺģͷֻһҵģ
Ȼ˵֪ͨʲôҩõǰٱﷷǾԸһļ۸񣡡
ΪҺ𣿡Ҷٺ΢Ц
Ϊ
ȻҲ΢Цһֻ޾Ϻ꣬ҶٺһЦֻҪǰٱתҩǰٱԳгɵļ۸£
ҶٺһӦſȥͬһͷϺһȻһз㡣
ķԼ½˵ĿУٱһӵӴ֯ҶٺǺҲб֤ģҶٺǿðٱ鲼½ķУȡϢԴ
Ҷٺȴǵټİٱ󣬾ȻͻȻôһһףݲ˵ҪҶٺﰵԲ²ٱ᲻ı
ˣ뻢ѨɵûӣٱĿǰ˵ڱףԺҴʲô⣬Ȼ취Ը
Ҷٺ˼Ƭ̣Ѿ˾˵ǺðɣԺѰʲô鵤ҩǰٱȥˣ
ȻҶٺѾӦȻˣͷ˵ǵȻǵȻǰٱһλͻҷĺˣ
Ȼ˵ſ׻ȻȴǴС̡ƹ˵ˣλأСС;һҩһдӰӣٱҪץסԴ
֮ҶٺȻԼ£Ҷٺϡҩ֮ٱ󣬶ٱ͸Ҷٺҩг۸ֵľʯ
ǺǣҵȰԼʵʦڣٰǻϲںʬɷĵɱɣΪ
Ҷٺһ·һ˵ʱѾȥ̫ƽջ·ϣ㵽̫ƽջһ֮ǰٴôƹ
ҶٺѾܹԶдŹɫġ̫ƽջĸֵˣȴȻһͿһݵץԼļ֮ϣ
СֵܣּˣԵôǲѾǺҪͷҵĽӰˣ
ؤȻһǷı飬һͷҲ൱ݣ޷͸߽ϵ
ޣԭǺǰ̫ˣһΪǰڲΪ˾ҺһСӣ׳Լˣ
Ҷٺм˵ѺͬһӢһ㡣
ٺ٣ͷҵúܣôģϹȴǱҴˣûаǺòˣ
˳Цǵ·˷׷ײĿӡЦϣѯʵˣ͸ľأϲ𣿡
Ҷٺ⼸æúܣʱ俴ؤ͵Ķвмľпǲ֣Ҫ
ǰľҿɲڶûдأ
Ҷٺڳһı飬ͬһһ˵ľѾˣ
˼Ҷٺ˲֪Լ͵һľб˶ȡҲȥͬһСڵϺˡ


095 Ӱ
ֻЦСһѾҵĺǴɸˣȻ͵͸˵ؤƽƣ
ƽƣľʲôƽƣҶҶٺ
ȻˣҪǰҶ㣬һȥ͸ɱˣ
˴һҶȻͻȻŭߴţ·˭ǷǮƵġ
ģһ˵ҾˣҲ֪ĸ뵰ҺǸʬɷħͷս֮ʱ֣ڷϵҶ֮һӡǣ
˲ôżֵ
ģұΪǲǸͨӡǣǻ쵰Ķ磡֪ԭǸռ䶨λӡǣһ֮ҶҵĿڴʧˣģһǴ˵еĹ۱̵ĹЧˣ֪˭ںʹӣһ
ҶٺսľצĺˣһƬ亹Ǿ۱̲ô
ҶٺΪԼþ۱͵˵ҶǵʱѾƽϢŭָˡ
ˣСӣҴȥϴɣĿһ£ѡҶļ̳ˣ
ؤ֣ץҶٺӾǰߣĴ˼ڡ
žǺ˵İţ˺˴֮ҶٺҰķԲ׵ط½ʮװͳһĴСؤʮСؤҶٺܹܵõһСؤͶԼĻߡ
ӣ㲻øˣȥֵһɣͷҲأ˵
ǣ˺˵Ļ΢΢һ㶣űæӦ¡
УԼǱΪһνҶĽӰ˰ȴһ֪ĳСӸȥˣβŭ
ϹҪڣĿ˸űԶȥҶٺ۾źˣ֪ʵǿֻҪһźˣͻᱻ
Ҳ֪ôֻһֱֻ㽫Ҷٺڰ֮УɵСڴš
ҶٺǱ˽ӵСؤ˵ͷҲҪǵͷӰ㵱˰
ҲӦҶٺĻֻǸؤ˵׷ϣϵؤǲεҶٺͷĿѣ
ˣؤĽҶ棬ҪΧ֮ڵؤӡ˽ŵҶٺ쵽ǰǰĲ
ҶٺǰѾƲҳ֩˵㶼ˣôЩСؤ治
ҲشҶٺ⣬ֻǸĪ˵Ժ˽ҶȻס
˵꣬˾ʹѾŻڵϵҶٺͽǵСؤӣֵǿȥޱȵ
Ҷٺһʱǰһԭ濴ȥô಻ѣǸ߸ϵҲм
ǳҶٺȻ͵ؤͺһɫؤڵϽȣٽֺ
λǰǡҶٺԵĺʵȵǣﾹȻΪĪؤ
˿۾ޱܵĳŶؤģ͵ӵļȣǵĹǮ
ϴôͻ͵԰ʵϴļ̫ζ̫óˣǵܲסջ󰡣
ؤæӵϵ˿ȥһϹͷ
ҽҶθ
һһͷӵĹͷϣֻȸҪӲǸͷϣȻĻ졣
Ҷٺһȵı飬Ц˵ΪҶĳϣͷǾúܣ
Ǹͷϳ˸ͷԼĹͷһ߹ʲôԹĻһ˳ź˵߿ҶٺʵСֵܣúţؤô
ҶٺȻ˵ˣɲԸΪЩؤһԱҲ֪ǰ⼸ϼһǲëڵĸ߽ˣﵱʲôؤװ͵ô


096 ܾ
ҶٺûлῪڣǰĺ˾Ѿ˷ܵ˵עһ׿ؤӣԺǿҪĥѡ˵νҶ
ǰɣҸǽҶĶ᲻ʲôⰡӲѾעҪΪҶĶôˣͬôһͷȵ˵
˴Ǿϵ̫̫Ѵ𣬰סˣ߳ŭһ±ָһ˵ԽӲϲСŵùھҪʾˣ
ҲҶٺ˵ʲôԵĻֱߵǸĹ䣬ǰأԳһ˸ľ棬ﾹȻһߣ
ͨѶҲУҶٺ𺳣طȥ൱죬ȴ൱ʵá
Ǿ浱еߣϰʾɣ£һ˫۾͸֮ùۿеȻһ£ƽž֮ˡ
ؤͷϾ
Ҷٺں˺ϸϸĦɫ浱ֶͷϾ
ͷϾһͷϡİ׷۵ʾ޾ɣ
ԼټӥǶʾһѪյӺ۾ȴޱȻǣȥ˯ʱʱԼ
ˣʲôôͷϾϻץһųȣڽʱζţ˵ƺԺ˴ϢЩ
ϾѾҵҶĽӰˣһǱ൱ĴСӣ˷ܵ˵תָָҶٺ
ͷϾǸͰͷӣ˺˵ĻüëһȻ΢Цȴ˸ܵõӢ۳ĺĸо
ðͷϾˣûҵʵĽӰˣȴҵǰȥˣ
˲ң˾ҵҶĽӰˣҲԭģҪүϰ֮λ
ȻͷϾЦ֮ȴЦݣͷϾ͸Ųݣ˵
˺˵ĻͷϾԭǵ۾âڽ֮ҲܹԼ
ֻͷϾ̣Ҷٺ˵Ǻã˵׿СӰɡ
ͷϾתͷֱֱҶٺҶٺܹ￴ľ뵡벻ʡ
ҶٺͷϾ۾·ܹǧǳ嫣Ī⣡ʱܵõ޾ĸо
ؤʵɲҶٺ͸ǽ𾵣ȻȴȻܹҪǿʵܹ
ͷϾ˫ǵ۾һգգҶٺ˸Ҷٺ㱡
ãͷϾŴЦ޵ˣҵ̳˵ȷСӣʲô֣
ҶٺҶٺ³֣ٴιˣûʲôؤͷӣֵ˵زʶͷϾŭ֮ﱼϮɱ
ͷϾǴЦ˵Ҷٺ֣㣬ҶٺԺԸΪҶĶΪƹʮؤ
ҶٺһΪ֮ɫʱͷϾʱƫͷȥվһЦĺˣòʵϾûбѡأ
ҶٺĻΧˣˡԼؤӶͳͳסˣȻؤܾ˵ҶĶ
СԴûɣǿʮҹϰ䣬׿Ѿ֮·ؤ
Ҳ൱𾪣֮ǰҶٺ֮ʣΪǫ֮⣬ԭĵҶĶСӾȻܾˣ
ѵ֪ϽҶζʲô𣿵ϽҶɾζӵʮԼߵӵ
ĲԸ⣿ͷϾҲǹҶٺҶٺзëͷ߳ŭĲԸܹɱԼɣ
ҶٺŸմɽ֪µؤȻͲΪôһҶĶˣ


097 Ī
ңҲǸʮ궼ëͷСӣûʲôˣʤǸ߸ϵĶ֮λ
Ҷٺæ˵ͷϾƽڷ
ڳҶٺ֮ԼͷϾڡ⡱ҶٺܾҶˡ
ԭ˼Ϊµ˴ңѡ񲻵õһˣôǫô˵һ˰˭
ͷϾк޾źⲻʹˣʮʹﵽʦǫСӲԼӣ
ͷϾǸӣֲʧҡҡͷ
ãͷϾǺðɣȻ㲻뵱ҶĶôҾͲǿˡȻؤԵҲÿ㣬͸ϵְɣƾϵţֻҪǸһؤ㷽Բ֮ڵİھľЭ㣡
ҶٺܾһͷϾҪɫ͸Ͻװܸ˵Ӧˣ
ʵȻǧԸģ˭ǼټǧؤİæأӲô
ҶٺؤһؤǵľۼأεüҪ֣
ȻҶٺؤⲻ飬Ҷٺŵĺȴһ޲óǰȥҧҶٺӣ
ģǰ׳ջǰѵȥɣ
ݺ˵Ǹ߾һСߣȴҶٺǰûмʶ֪ؤ֮ǿ֪һһķ
ҪȻɲѡôһؤأ˭Ե޹Ըȥؤأ
һߣͷϾҶٺһϵְλΪǷȥϢˣʣ±ŵҶٺվԭء
׳СӣӶˣ
˱ף͵ı𣬾͸ҶٺһëϰŸȥϣӻҪȥҹһӰˣ
ҶٺҲлˣͲ뵱ôؤͷӣȴͷץ˻ڻŰ浱Ǹˣ
ҶٺģΪԼؤʲô˲𰡣ӲŲϡ
ȫž

ҲҶٺ仰ˣ˵ʲô˵ϡؤ
˵ʲô˷·ҶٺŻˣٶ۵˵
ҲŲϡʲôؤͷأҶٺ൱ӣ룬ڵ϶ѹס˰ɣǸˬ
㲻ϡҶ㲻ϡʮݺҵʢ㲻ϡƴӣ
ȻҶٺĻشǼ̾ͷӦˣʲôʮߣ
ԭ㶼֪ѾоԴʹˣԭСӻΪؤʲôͨؤľۼأѹ˲мڵˡ
˵ǰǸ˵ͳ˧ʮؤӵô
Ҷٺ΢һ㶣˵ֲ˵ʮߣ˵ʮؤ

Сʱ֮ҶٺѾڻؽĽͷ֮ˡ
ԼϡӵĽ̸У֪ؤĵϸδеһʧ䡣
ԭҶٺȻں˺ͱ۵Ŀؤǿ󣬵ȴûȥҲֻ̫Ϊˡ
ؤΪܶԼ˴ֶ棬ܶƹһǧֶʮϰ似ؤԼǿڣ
˵ڡʬɷϲڵЩаڹĻôؤǱĵ֯ˣҲ׶ֺ
װʧһǿԮְ
Ҷٺεҡͷ˭ܹ뵽һؤۼɵŻҲǿʵأ
ҶٺҲǿЩôģؤϣһ˷ӢۺȺۣǶһ
ҶٺΪԼյõһʱһ˼æ嵽ǰҺѾȻ͵Ϯߣֻ·磬Ϯˣ


098 Ů
ţô
ҶٺĿ׳ţ֮󣬾찡ǲǷƽˣô㱻
Ҷٺű˵ţʱţϺب״ɲ˺ۣȥ൱
ߴˣȥС㰡˰ȥţһҶٺ·һ㣬еĺ
ʲô
ҶٺŭϢһǣ·޾һ㣬ɢɱΧ˸ǱҶٺŵÿ޺ĴӴܣ
ʦƺεǿ󣬾վҶٺԱߵţͬǧʯѹһ㣬͸
Ҷٺ൱ŭҲ֪Լеǹŭģֻһŷܰߣ͸езһɱ˵ĳ嶯
˭ģҶٺ۳죬ɱӿ״ħ
ߴˣ侲Լ˵ǻϲڵˣʵҲ߲ԶһʱǰС㣬ȥܹˣʵ൱ǿ󣡡
ţָһ򣬻ͷȴѾҶٺӰ
ϲڣҸû꣡
Ҷٺţָķ
еҶٺϴһɫߣǵٱҶʱġֿ־ߣ
ҶٺҪǼŷܰĻϲڵӻص֮ǰһһɱ
Ĳ
ҶٺͻȻԭķУת߷ȥоõĲ࣬Ӧþϲڵڿзʱµĺۼ
Լٶ䣬ӦֻǼں֮ڣ
Ҷٺм˵һʵߣһעԼ٣ΪķţҲֻŲս֮ʱ֮׷٣
²⵽Լ׷֮ΪߵҶٺǽٶ֣ΪµߣٶҲõȥҶٺԼһܹ׷ǣ
УҶٺͬһһ㣬Žɫĺۼڿһ
Ƭ֮һƬԭʼɭֵϿգҶٺͷһˡ
Ϊ׵һһŮȥ͸һа֮еĳÿ㣬ŮĳˣߵУһڻ״̬Ůӣŷܰ
˶
ϸָᴥŷܰ۵ļ˯еİӣЦŶߵŮ˵
ʦ㣬˶ƷɣҿѾĽѾ˰
޳ٴɣǸʹ͸ҵŮôø㣡ΪŮ˵
˹ɫڤ֮壬ڴϺһζһܺðϧϧ޳Żź˵
Ǳ޳ڻŷܰȴȻ˯εУԼĴȻδ֪
ͻȻɫһ䣬Ե޳˵޳ҵȥƺʲô󣡡
޳˼ǲжں˵ʲôʦ㣡ҵȴûзʲôǲһֻˣˣ
Ȼȴǲţһȥȷ״
ȻʦŰɣʦѾʮ·ˣӦúܰȫˣ
һ仰㳯ȥ
ɵŮǷ˰
޳Ȼָǰ˵ӣˮ·ڹۿһƷ
һȥȺһɣСҲȲŶñ࣡ٺ١

һ棬Ҷٺ޲ٶٿʮ˱ʱϵԽǱϲڽߵŷܰԽΣգ
㰡Ҷٺ˵ʱޱȣðŭйˣ
Ҷٺ֮żҲΪǳĻϲ˽ꡣ
ǸŮΪֵаɣϲӵϵòĴӣЩǳΪŮŮΪ¯ϣӶ
ߣ˲£αضزأɣ
ͻȻҶٺأԺȵϸ˦һƬâƣ


099 Ů

һͬͭöЦ˷ҶٺǰŮҶٺŭյø
ŮҲЩħͷӵˣȥɣ
ҶٺǳոƷɳķųһټĻƣ
Ǻǣӣūôأ˼ҺŶҪô
ڻѹ֮£ǶڰŮ¶®ɽĿյĴ֮£ͬɵĺһ㣬ƹ˻ƵĹΧЦҶٺ
ŮŮȻŵˣ콫ǶߵŷܰˣȻҾȥǻϲڣ
ҶٺЦһٺϻŮʱģҶٺŲóѣ
ӡɣдµҶٺѾٻֳֻŮȥ
ŮۼҶٺ֮⣬֪ȷǻϲԣ㲻ٿкɫּȥЦ
ԭǳСİİɣѾʦܴˣڿѾڴշתˣӿūôūһźùӺģ
ˡ
ҶٺŭХǧ˿״
ŷܰߵ׿ˣſкҷ֣ɽʯ֮ƹŮ
סū࣡ϲڣҹ󣡡
ཿЦͬõ㶯ˣǴʱעûʶˡ²ʾͬһɫƳȥ
䣡
һ촫ɫƱõʮף϶ĸɫѾΧסŮ࣬ͬʵʰƣѹ£
ཿһԱûҷӿ˿˿Ѫ
ڵɫƹȻǿһϲڵĹȴҲѷɫ˿
ȵϰɫǣٿŰɫǹƬض꣡
ꡭ
ꡭ
ССİ׹⵱̺޾Ҷٺϣæڶɫ֮ϣը
ǿһУ
Ҷٺд󺧣ȻʱŭȼգȴȻһƬʩչ似Ҳ̾
Ҷٺ漴Ц
ʹ㻽ǺǰҲͽͣҵľͷǹⶼɣ
ҶٺЦ̼䣬ϱһɫâͬʱڿȻϳֵǹ֮ϣʼľͷǹҵʧ
Ҷٺģ˹
ôܣʲô
ྪʧ룬ʱǹѾľҵһգľͬǰ׹֮ϣθ
ԣ
ջӶвʾĸľȴһᴩľͷк󱳣޴һġ
ҶٺѾ𼶵֮£Ҷٺʩչÿһľʦڵͬڵϣ˺
ңҪɱ㣡ҵ
˺ѷεļХȻͬȰʧԭأʱѾҶٺԣһֻצҶٺͷ­ץȥ
ӰҵӰ֮ͬ
Ҷٺ΢Цһη壬˵ұӰһ°ɣ
˵꣬ҶٺѾԭʧĶһգͬһʱ䣬ΧϰٵӰһģһҶٺ
ϰٸҶٺƻһ㣬Ѹײڶ֮ƳһÿһҪÿһʵʣ
ƺߣвסѪȻҶٺӰٵһ˵òᡣ
ϰٸҶٺĹҲֻܹʩչҶٺ
·˵еһҶСۣ֮ƮҡҶٺܣȻĹ֮һ߶һѰҶٺҪһ
˫ȭѵȣϰٸӰġҶٺͬʵһ㣬˲ֹ
ҶٺͬԵĿֲڿлصϷˣȥɣ
ʱͣϢԭֻʣҶٺһˣֶ
ȥŮʬ壬ҲҶٺһѻճɻҽˡ
ʮӣӦûü
Ҷٺ·ɽ֮ͬϲڵķ򼲳۶ȥ


100 Ϲ
ҹĻ٣ɫѾ谵ʱ򣬻ϲڵĵӱӦѾصԼŵˣǣʱȴϲڵĵҰ·
½߿㣡ҪʱϻȥȻҪǶĵϧ̫ˣ
һٷͷŽµӲݣͣЪĳǰţһֻﻹһֻȿš
ȻӵȴûаŲûУеֻǡɳɳӲײһļž
½Ҫˣ
ͣæܳ󺰵ȻȴȻûаж˿ų
½Сʲô
ڼ½ˣԭȻƵţȻ˿еż
ǰȥҪִ½ؿڣȴ½͵ץס
㡭
ӸԼֵľצ֮ϴӴǾ顣
Ǳ½һ죬һӵֱ۾ͱϣ
ͬʱһֻӵĲϣתۼɱ
߾ڶ͸ܳҰˣ
ҶٺмתȥϲڵķȥԭǱ½Ҷٺ
ʱҶٺǰǸ۵ʮСӵģѾһһߵĸߴˣòҲ˱仯
ʵãɱ˷Żرߣ
ҶٺЦǵһѾɥȪĺʦڸСϷǹغ˵֮ܰµȫȥģ
Ҷٺ첽ϲڵķȥʱҪǰŷܰĿٶȣ
ʱѾǻϲڵĵӡ½ˣΪˣϲŴҴҸϻš
Ұɭеľںڻϲ֮ķԲ֮УʱһԲĺӰԭʼɭֵпٴţֽͬýݵԳһ㣬һԾʮף
нĹУҶٺٵ侲֪ƪ֮󣬾⻶ϲڵϳˣ¶˿
Ƭ֮ҶٺѾһɽ֮£ŻĹߣҶٺܹԶĹԼԽ֮һʯԱ߻˯͵ͯӣҶٺµСͨϲڵС
һ΢紵ٿҶٺѾԽͯӣɽȥˡ
һ߾СߣһǾԳ͵ģҶٺѴܹ֮ƽˡ
ҶٺѾ֮ܿĽˣǰһ¥ߵĹдĴ֣ϲڣ⻶ϲڷɵˡ
ĺߣһģСĹ־ģɼˣûҶٺǰȥϸأȻһΣУеˣ
бʵҶٺתҪһʽƣ
ȻûҶٺתȥһֻͬƤһݵѾ৵һҶٺͷϣҶٺһͷҲˣ
ŮˣҴң
ҶٺǰŮ˾Ȼ׾͸һޱȷŭ
½㻹ʦص͵͵ܳȥҲúʰ㣡ҹϧ󣡡
Ů˳һųӵ൱ѿȴΪҶٺ²Ϊˡ
ҶٺҲջϲھͱһʶݣǱװ£Ůץȥˡ
һʵǿץˣһʵķģҶٺСһ㱻ᵽһϧĹУ
飡
ҶٺŮصˤڵϣˤðǡȻǰģһƬ嶫ҶٺܹԼ¥֮ϴŮ֮
Ҷٺǰһ֮ʱΧһһΧȻΧʮ廨ľɫŮӣϽһƬľȻı飬·ǰӲһ㣬ûа㷴Ӧ
ЩŮӣľ˰ԵĻϲڣ
ҶٺдƳǸ֮ϵŮˣſŮˣߣ


101 ˫޹
½ٸһλᣬסϧ߽ϧţ
Ǳ֮ϵŮϸĸԼ˫֣¶һĵ飬˵
ѽƤһСӣϲڶʱˣҲ߾ڶʵھ̽СӣǺǡ
Լ㶨æŮˣ
Ҷٺνϧ൱ðҪŮ˶ĵŻˣ
㡭
ϧҶٺŭɫ࣬һȵ
½㲻ҪҪǸʵĻᣬ㾹ȻϧȻϱڡʦľٰһΰɣ԰ɫ
ϧǰѲϵڴƣȻȥɣޱȣȴ̺һر·ܹĻ꣬˲У
ͬʱϧֻ֮ϣŷɫתۼƮɢ
ŮˣȻҩ
ҶٺΧʮŵŮӵľٶôϧȻܼĹʮŮˣ
ʮŮϷĶĺ⣬˫룬ųҶٺȥϧЦ
ֻǰԼĵֳˣ㿴ǲЩ֪߳ܵ˰ˣ½ȥɣȥǣǳΪ¯ɣ
ʱҶٺѾʮŮӰΧסˣǶʮ˫ϸ־ҪץҶٺˣҶٺ󼱣
ûܣǴ˿̵Ѿϧ˽ƣҲѶֺˣ
𡭡ﰡ
ҶٺźʱѾʮյŮжˣ
쵰ȡǵľԪϧɸֵһӣŭ
ͷﶮĹ
ɶԭԼɵŹԺˣ˵ôԵ㰡
ϧ½ȻԼϲڵŹˣ챻ˣ
ò˵ǲۻϲ粻ǶԴͽ̬ȿֵƳģôһССĻϲڷһܹԵӲˣ˵Ϊˣ
ϧް취ˣ˭ԼϹۣôһûõͽ
ӿűŮġ½̾ϢΪԼû޳ҹĺ߷߲ѡ
ɥɥҪģϧֻһνԼϲڵĹҶٺ
ŮѹµҶٺƻŮǵһѪյܵˣ
ͻȻҶٺԺжһϢϧҶٺԺеĻϲڹ
˫޹ʰ
Ҷٺ󺧣ϢȻǻϲڵĹҶٺǡʰֻǲĹֻ߾絽Ĺ
Ů˻ΪҺõİ
ҶٺϧԼģвһů˵⻶ϲھȻڸζ
ˣҲˣ
Ҷٺ϶ʱһʦߵƣѹϵʮŮ˿ȥˤڵϣ֪Ҷٺٶŵϧ࣬е㡭
ŮˣҲĥȥˣϽң춼˭ռŮģ
ҶٺѾ򾪺еϧ˵ԼһֱʵʵʦˣŮ˵Ľ䱸֮֮Ҷٺص㡣
ϧҶٺĽͣҲһ󻶳æοԼ˵Լ֪⡰½ǸİôΪôɾأ
ȻϧһҶٺʻЦš½Ц
Ҿֳ½ôͻȻԼضʵԭΪǱ޳ߵڤ֮尡ȥҹǰɣȻͳˣϧ꣬Ҳʱˣ


102 ֪
޳
ҶٺĬ֣ѾҶٺˣŷܰˣҶٺ˷ϧ𣬱㳯ҹȥ
ϧУϧԼı֮ϣ·ȻڵʹŮ¶˼顣
½Ѿҵͽ˰ɡŮ˳½յоֹͽյĴͥǿ϶Լ뷨
Ҷٺϧ߳ʱɫѾǺããһƬˣҶٺвãд󼱣ʱҲδ̫ˣʱѾǽ˯ʱˣҲ֪޳׶ŷܰʲôˣҶٺɵüӿ˽Ų
Ҷٺŭ壬ȻȻոһĻǱʮŮ·ûйͷϺҸ㱻ѹϢȥĸоҶٺѪգԶµҶٺ
ףⲻϧĳ½ôôҹˣ
һȥޱȵ죬ȵĺǲͶҹ󰡣ǿɲЩŶ

ҶٺŭһɲԸôһҪͷЩ޹˵ȷϻŴŻӰѸǰųһӵĿɴˡһ߽ǵƻͨ¸У
ҹֻͰ֣״죬ҹ֮³־Өȥͬʰ߹鶯
ӱҶٺ߽ҹͬʱĻϲڵӶˣϢ䣬ͼ۵ħŭڵĳҶٺΧס
һΪ˭ҵһϲڵңԭϧķ½һϲڵڲô
ǽҶٺΧס˵еͷȺȵһ仰ͽҶٺڵ˻ϲڵĶ棡
Ҳǽѵҹһʶ̧ٵСѰˣҹ֮⣡ңܴҹ󣿾ܴϲڣЦ
ҶٺЦǸո˵аһΡ
аӱҶٺӣȵϻ˵½㹫Ȼҹӣ־ܣҹ֮
˵ţаӾأԽ˫ָ߾٣ѾһŰ׹⣬ǳӳգ
ùŹֵĹǳ֮Ϊã
ҶٺаԼǹҫ֮˸Եİ׹⣬̾̾Ϣ
ʹǶ֮أҲͽ֮٣
˵꣬Ҷٺͬһаӵ󣬽һͽͷ£
Ҷٺ˿ûͣͣڿɱһֵ֮һ˵ߣʼʩɱһˣ
Ϣ֮ԭؾֻʣľ촦ʬһµսսҹӡ
ҶٺմѪϻĵѪҺͬԨħҴ߶𣬡˵޳
˵˵ʦ֣ɱң
߾µ˫ŶѾˣֻ߸߾˫֣ʾģһ˫۾Ҷٺ˵
޳ھرߣ˵Ҫɼ֮ˮڤ֮徻ã
ǾҶٺޱʵ
Ĺâ򡰳½ùָһ˵ʦ֣Ǳߣ
ðɣ㰲Ϣɣ
ҶٺתߣҲָķȥȥֻˤڵϣѾߡ
ҶٺɲǸߵƬ֮ԣܹ˵ǻ֮ʱı仯
һ̤ҹУ۵һ¥ߵͼʮƽ̨涼һˡ
ҶٺʧҡҡͷûЩŮӵҵŷܰȻ޳һط
Ҫת뿪֮ʱҶٺĿ鵽Ǳ߽ҹаӣʱһ
ֻҶٺߵÿ־аӣһЦ˵㣬Ըȥ޳ô
аӿ΢ЦеҶٺͬһͷЦеĶħһëȻ˵Ըأæӵվһ߻شҶٺһܳҹ󣬴ҶٺǾȥ


103 ޳
ҹɫڸ֮£ҶٺԳΪԵа󣬳ظȥ
ԴʱпԣȻ֪Ϊħͷ·ڷԼڵҹ󣬵һҹ״ɲʬͱŵʲôҲˡ
ħôһɱ¾ĵطһԲϾͿһˡʹͬҲѰ֮£Ӧһ䣬ʤΪ
ʦ֣øҹ֮ǰ꣬˵ҹȥˣҪԼĵ̱˵ң»ġ
Բ˵ѾԼҶٺһݣٴҶٺ͸¶Ϣ
ҶٺЦǰСӻȤ˵Сӻͦ˵ģһ仰ϣҾͷŹɣϽҵأҾͷߣ
лʦ֣лʦ֣
Լ֣ȻǰˣתҪҶٺлһǱҶٺһ˳ȥüǰߡ
ؾ⻶ϲڷڵɽ֮ϣֻΪྻټǻϲڵŮԡ֮ء
ʱҶٺѾǾصһˣĶ㡣
ڰҶٺ͵֮󣬾ͬӵһ㣬ܼ¾ʧںڰˣֻʣҶٺվھصĳرߡ
غܴģѾܳƵСˣһƬƬڳҡҷ¹ӳ¾Өҹ赸Ů
ôһɳأȻһȺħռˣǱ
ҶٺЩƽЩۻĻϲڵӼֱɳظȾˡ
½ʦܣ⻰Ͳˣ֮Ψ֮˲Ŷ͡ǻϲĸǸŵʶ֮ˣѵ䲻أ
Ҷٺૼ֮ʱأȻһදһִֽȵӴӺڰ߳
ʶôݻأ
ҶٺĶˣŵҹʱ֣óھصģΨǡõزɼˮ޳ˣ
ʦڣҶٺһ޳Ϊ
ʦƺʲôƫŶ
޳һֽҡΣȥ湫ӡҲһգգЦҶٺо˸Ȼǰġ½Ϊ
ƫʦЦˣҳ½ôҶƫأ
ҶٺѾ޳ˣһֺ߱Ͱ΢ЦͬʱȫͬһͷʱᷢһԱ
ʮףףףһס

޳ȥɣ
ҶٺŭһѾͬԱһǰȥһȭ޳Ķӣ
Ǻǣ
޳Σ壬ͣЦҶٺһ
ʦܣս𣿡
ʱҶٺȭͷѾ͸ˡ޳壬ȻŷǲһӰ
ÿٶȣ
Ҷٺа޳ġñŮ໹Ҫ߳
ʧҶٺͻȻоһɱ٣æתһҳǧٸ໥תıȥ
ҶٺշƵͬʱҶٺıպøһתʵˣ޳Ÿһֵ޳붴ʧԭء
ϬĹѾҼѪԺˣ
޳ЦҶٺ˷ҶٺԷֱ档
ôʦܣҪ湦Ŷ
޳ȻֹҶٺΧһƬ·⾻رֻ߱Ҷٺһˡ
ৣ
ھ״̬ҶٺͻȻָоһΣн٣æֵܹ޳һ
ৣ
ˢ
ţӰҶٺ࣬ҶٺӦӲϾ
޳ͬ籩ĹֺҶٺϣżһͻҶٺķģҶٺѾʩ˻ѿһѪۣ
Ӱ
޿ײĹҶٺʹӰҲֻٶȼӰܹסͬԹƵ޳


104 
ʱ䣬ھرߣ۶ǡ½޳ĻӰÿ޳ֵʱ򣬳Χġ½ͻһӵϣǡ޳÷飡
ߣ
޳ŭһҶٺĹ֮·ѾҶٺѪ죬ŭڲôƽˣͬħ㱩˻
½ҷŭˣû˷ŭŭ𣬽ȼɻҽɣ

Ҷٺ޳ʱ̲סЦˡ֣ͲһЩµʽô
û޳ٻĵǹ⽵ҶٺѾʹӡɽկġľ׹ʱ죬֮ϵնˣ
㣬ʲô似
״̬޳Ҷٺ似Ҳ΢΢ľͷȥӵлϲĺۼȴϱȡʤһϾľվҪľֿˣ
޳ΪԼʩչԿסǡ½ʮϰٸӰһнϾɱ似ģ
ǹӰӻûͱ½ɱҡˣ
ҶٺһӣľʱʧεУľܹ޳ɱУ޷κٶȼ޳
ɽƣ
Ҷٺһжʱһֻжʮ׳ɫ֣Żѹ±ߵ޳ѹȥ
޳ɫһ䣬ͷ֮ͬһɽѹĴƣȵ
㲻ǳ½㵽ʲôˣ
䡭
˵ʱ٣ʱ죬޳Ÿո⡰½ǼðģͱѹɽֱӴУ

ɽ֮£һ󳤳ŭȻ޳϶ǧĴƣ΢΢޳϶
Ϣ֮ѹ޳ͷ֮ϵɽͬƷСһ㣬ˡһ˳ȥʮף뾻صУ޴ˮ
ٿ޳ѾǵϱҳС֮ԾڿУͷɢϰմ೾ȥͬһŭȼеĻ棡
㣬ҷŭˣһ㸶۵ģ
޳û˿ıҹ𣬱̹ǣ˵ţϧĸԼŪð಻ѵӣ˵
ҵĿŪˣ򲻿ˡ
Ҷٺ޿κε챯̾˵ǻϲڵôôǻ˼

޳ŭһڿһӰҶٺɱȥһ
Ҷٺóѣ׷粽ȣ·˲仯ޣܹ޳͵Ϯת㽫ɽ˦޳Ĳӹȥ
飡
ͬʯĴ̶޳ѾеȽҶٺƷƼ⽣ˣҲǲ
ҵݣҪ㸶ͬȵĴۣ
޳˵͵Ĵ򿪣һεĺڹͳҶٺűȥ

Ҷٺŭн⽣õˮ©Ǻڹп飡ͬʱѸٴ
ݡ
ٶȼ죬Զܣ޳Ҷٺ൱Ҳܲˣͱʮ̵ָý͸
е޳ʹľһѾ˵֮⣬վڵ֮ϵҶٺʵ
㵽ʲôˣôʹڵ似
ҪشҶٺͻȻа¶Цǻ֪̫ˣ
޳Ҷٺǻŭƽޱ˵ǻŭ߳
óһеģȥɣ齵
ʱ䣬貵ͻȻһ·ǳʧȥ˹ҫһƬڰֲָ
ͻȻһ΢ϸĹڿһȻֱֱĳҶٺ
۶ǹǿųҶٺɳ۶ǳĶ⣡ҶٺҰѾǿɢǿǳռˣ


105 ׻
ҶٺܹܵõѾǰǳ͸ǿѾڵˣҶٺƥУ
ȻƵóһУȷΪˡȻлȥһȡľԪǣҵĿݣҪЩ۵ģ
ʱ޳Ѿվڵ֮ϣż紭Ϣţɫף͸֧˴ľԪ
ͬһʱ䣬ϲеУҪ۵ݱҹ͵̧ͷ˫۾ͬǹҫۣ
ʲôˣҹɻŷҹ
齵ǿʹ齵ǽٵСǲʩչģ޳鷳ˣ
ҹվɫѿǳӦУѾ²⵽޳֮ˣ

һߣס˵Ҷٺе޷ʹþԶǿµΣУ
Ȼֱֻа״СǹǹѾжˣۿѾԼͷ֮ϣҶٺ͵ıһɿ񱩵ƣ
ֻأ𣡡
ҶٺһƴĽ˫ָ߸̧𣬶ѾͷԶ֮͸ĸѾĶͷ˵ۣ
ˡ
׹䣡Ҷٺ۾ѾããĹâ̼Ϲˣκζ
⻹һ˽ĽӴԼͷŵġֻء͡ɵĿ¹ŵУ
ǰ׹⣬ССҲѾʧȻѾŹİ׹ɵˣ
׹⵱УҶٺֻоΧ궯ʱȻתʱ񱩶
ã׹ʣҶٺȻվԭأ·ûҰ֣
ǵģҶٺֻеӵԵӵһҶٺȴܹ˺
ֻԴеǿŰʯĳϵˡ
Ҷٺ˼˿̣Լ似еҶٺ֪Լ似ͰʯĹϵΪڸղţиܵŰ׹⵱̺ĿֲȻŰ׹⵱к𣬽üĴİʯЩ΢춯
ˣԽˣ
ҶٺৡһѾ͸֧޳ԣڿʼѸٻظ޳һȵڵϣ
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޳ԼҶٺú׵ӣҧгݵĿҶٺ
ͷˣֻô
ҶٺһŲ޳һ߻ϣţ˵ŷܰ˵

޳ͷҶٺڵϣƴţȴͽ͡
ֻЦţö񶾵Ŀ⿴ҶٺЦ˵ǸС椰أװʲôǸүҸģ
飡
޳ĶĻ֮Ҷٺͬʨһ㣬ŭһһŵ޳ϣŵÿѪĭɳʮԶ
˵ǰɣ
Ÿս޳߳ȥҶٺתۼͬȰ޳ԣšѾ˿޳Ĳӣ˵
˧ǰɣ㲻˵Ҿø˧
Ҷٺ˵޳һӣǲ˵Ʒ𣬻һ̣һ޳֮ϻһָϸѪۣ
ɱңȻһ
޳ŭͬҰޣòصĶҶٺֱڴݲ־
ҶٺЦһͬħݲͬеޱȵĶģܿӦˡ
ԴˣҪñȶ˻Ҫ񶾵ķ뵽ŷܰ䲻ʱҶٺǸеЩεĿ⡣
нٴλ£޳һѪۣ
ħ޳źΧ
㻹кôܽеô
Ҷٺŭȣһƣһ޳죬һųӽ޳


106 ҵܰ
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ͤɱҰɣ
޳ȻڵϷڵĻѾȼտˣſĺ￴⣡
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ǺãҸʹ죡
Ҷٺޱ˵޳ĺ֮ɽϼ۶ȥˣֻʣѾ޳رߣ
ҶٺŸ뿪һӵʱ䣬ҹѾرˣ
ҹȥʱ޾ֻ֮ѾûϢ޳ʬԣȭͷ˩÷ףԹɽϵķ
˵ԼٷɽҶٺ֪Լʱ䲻࣬޳Ԫƴ似ԼԼɱɵ൱ƴ󣬾Ѿʵǿߵע⣡
ֶ룡ҶٺѾû˿ʱ˷ѵˣԼʱܹסķԲ幫ﷶΧ˾ĿģƴѰ޳˵Сͤ
뿪صĵһڣҶٺѾվɽ֮ϣסɽͷ΢鿴֮£ҶٺѾνСͤСͤȥ
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УҪʦֻУȻһʱǾҲ֪ôˣǱԬʦֵͬ۵˵
ŲأǸΪǸһСƨ
һȥѾʮߺ˵ȥ޳Ĳм
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һ۵СҲͷλеĳǰ״֪ŷܰȥۿžҪһֻץ֮ˣ
߶ɫûɫ֣ۿ˿ʼжϳԿæԸٶȳ治Զŷܰ壡
ȥɣ
ǵһֻɫ־Ҫ쵽ŷܰϵͬʱһ֮ǧ꺮ҪС֮ͤ
ˡ
һǱƻ߾ѾһľͷʮԶˣ
ܿˡ
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ˡ
ɰǧŴСͤϣΧĻľ֮ϣϣҪܵϣ

ڶΧٴһƬ֮ʱԭѾֻʣһƬˣͤﱻȼɻҽֻʣһƬ
ˣ˶ˣؼҰɣôôأĴܲңҶٺ̾Ϣķȥ
ӿɱ޳ŷܰҶٺȻֻӣٶѾþˣ
˱죡ҶٺշɳǧףҪԶ뻶ϲڷɵΧ֮ʱȻһɾɱ⣬ĺ󼹷
ô
˭
ҶٺһŻмˣһ׼ƣıŷܰʱѹΪȻԲѡ


107 
ҶٺҰУһӢǷȴдɱֳֳ
ҶٺŶԷɫ֮ŵͼܹ²˵ʵˣ
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Ҷٺ΢΢Ƿ΢Ц˵ʱȻǳ½ӣʳԼΪϲڷе߳½
ҹûۼҶٺ޳ԼߵսȻ֪ǰ֮ѾԼϲĳ½ˡ
ҹ˵ˣ㵨ҵҹ󣬻ɱɵӣ޳ɱҲʬΣԲҵҹ֮λ
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ǺãҾͿϧ̵Сͽʲô£
ҹȵԽǿǰ½ԽǸе˳ۣԼĺͽɱˣʱŭѣ
飡
ҶٺûӦѾûɵĵɳȥи³һѪĭ
ҶٺŵŷܰǱҶٺһѪĭͷϣԭҹѾ֪ʲôʱͬȰҶٺղվ֮ˣ
ҹĹٶȼ
㲻˵ԼôãҸֵĻᣡ
ҹŭ߳˿ɣתۼֳҶٺߣһҶٺϣ

һ죬ҶٺȹǱҹߵˣ۵ߴУ
ǿ
Ҷٺʹ˵ȹǱ߶ϵʹŵҲûˣ
غ֮ڣҶٺѾҹòзˣ޻֮
һȫʢʱڵ棬֮ǰĹغģ˥Ҳҹһ֮У
ҹñĵĿŵڲԶĵϵҶٺŷܰĴЦ
㲻˵ԼôСӣǿʵ˰޳ĺͽòֵ
ҹЦ֮ʱһƬ仨ǡУվţһ˫ۻΧޡһǻڵϣǻһ̻ŧҺ
ϧӣѾĺͽ˰ɣɣҹ˵Ҳٲ鿴Χ
ҹ䣬һ󻨰нٶ£ͬһĴڣɢ㣡
£ûڻµҶٺŷܰԼҹˣڻ굱Уһ͵ӰⲽϧҶٺеŮˣ
ʱϧǸ޷ģΪԼӵһʦͽеȣΪԼĺͽ϶ͷصĹͽϲڷǿŵ޳ɱԺ
½ôõĴ£ϧޱأôأ϶ͷҹݲԼĺͽˣ
ⲻڵ֪ҹ׷ɱ½ĵһʱͷĸӪˣ
ôų㶼ϲˣȤŪųôҹһ϶ͷϧͿʼ̵
㲻ҲڰԼĸôҵĺͽأôͽˣôҵĵˣ
ϧҹҲеЦӭ˵
ߣ㿴̳ĺͽĺ£ᣬʲôʦʲôͽܣ
ҹŭǰŮˣȵҰ֮̽ͽɣ
ҹ˵꣬һţȻǱ黨еҶٺŷܰ˹ҪٴĥҶٺ
ߣ
ϧһַһεĺ⣬ҹ͡½м䣬ҹежϡ
ޱ˵ǲϸˣ
ҹЦôҲأϧ˵ҵĶҪϺüƾҾҪ˰
һĻëСӣŲɫǲˣ
ϧŭϸǷųһƥĹâҹȥ


108 Ů
ৡ
ҹЦתۼʧԭأɱܹϧ߳ŭһЦ
ϧŭ˰ºοǶһɵˣȻҪһ¶ˣôﷴأðɣ֮ҾͲ׷ˣó½СӺΪ֮ɣ
䣬ҹѾӰˣֻҶٺŷܰϧվԭء
˰ɣСӣ
ϧߵڵ϶õҶٺԣýҶٺ£Ц
á
Ҷٺ˵ϧһ΢Цлл㣬Ůˣ
ԼذɣҾʹ˷ŹˣҪ㱻ʲôҰǳ˿ɹֲҡϧЦ
㣬㲻ץȥץȥٺݺңҿɸϲ鷳Ҷٺɻ
ֲǻϲڵˣץȥ
ϧȥ൱ȣƺҶٺʻ൱档
Ҷٺ󺧣ѵϧѾ֪Ϥǻϲڵˣ
СʵŮˣ˵ʲôأôܲǻϲڵأ㲻Ǳոҹ˰ɣ
ϧѾ֪˼¶һ˿ЦеúͰףʱľա
ֻϧ˵İɣɵСӣȻҴӵһۼͶɣ뿪ϧ󲻾Ҿ͸ȷѾĳ½ˡǾƾҹ£ҲԹֹɣ߰ɣ
ϧ˵ĻԭƣȴѾʧӰˣ·ûгֹһ㡣
Ƭҵսк۵ĿҰУֻʣȻһҶٺͻ˯Եŷܰ
ãҶٺڻ̾ϢЩħ뷨֣һһηģˣǿ뿪طΪ
ҶٺŶ߲סХ󱳶ҪʪˡȻЩͨҰǣһЩʵǿޣƾŴʱƶֺԸ׺бޣ
гҶٺһڼӿٶȻָԼ߶޸Լ壬һ߽ŵĻΧԱͻ״
ȰŪ˵ɣ
ҶٺҧأĽһֻ־𣬰һŷܰڣ
ŷܰڵѲܣڽһźں˳ӦþʹŷܰһֱԲѵˡ
ȡȿȡ
ոջָŷܰ͵ĿԺ·ող˯һһ㡣
ŷܰ۾ڷֲˣΧȻһƬҰ˯һҪˣ
ŷܰУ˫ֻǰͨ죬Ҷٺ㣬ʲôˣôҴֵطء
ҶٺɵЦʱŷԼûб任ԼʵݣϽ߶طһʱͷͬ㡰ž죬ٿҶٺѾָԭʮˡ
ܰС㣬ȲҪ˺𣿡
Ҷٺ˵㿴ӣһ𣿡
ŷܰŭ۾ǰ꣬žȵķɫףȶ۵òҲ̶ˣ
ô
ŷܰżĶӣһ˫ֲ鿴һҶٺơ
ҶٺһʹȥǰλС㾹Ȼô˿ڣ
ҪҵŮҶٺֽе͵ӿȥ൱
ŷܰҶٺɵꡱһЦ˳ǰ귢ŭӻɵɵġ
ŷܰ룬һӽзϣˣô˺أǣŷܰڷˡ
㻹ң⵽ô£ѵһ޶˶˳̵ĿҰôŷܰеȻҲ൱żˡ
ҲѹôżģѹһûüӦѾѽһ磬ͱһͽٳˣŷܰĵһӰ


109 Сæ
Ҳûʲô㱻һȺɻץˣȥ˻ô򵥡
ҶٺԼ˵Ȼ۾ĻظôһʱΣĵطһʵͶһĻᣡ
ŷܰĬĬĿǰŸ˵һ仰ֱ۾ȥ꣬зһĸо
ˣôʹĸоŷܰüͷһؿڣ൱ܣ·Ҫˡ
ôˣҶٺȵ۾ǰǸͬˮܽذŵŷܰȻ΢΢൱ѹ
ûʲôֻеܲҵЩˡ˵ǲһ˲أ
ôأܰСΪ֮Ůݸ߹ôܺͲϹϵأ
ҶٺЦɲôŮӿģֻǣǿĻӦŷܰľɥˡ
ܰͺˣССģеö
ŷܰ˦Լ֣¶Ǳ»Ҫӣ΢Ц˵ʲôѽôҵģ
ҶٺܹǽٶݣҲұǽĶɣҶٺ΢΢ͷʾĬŷܰҪ
ء
ʱΧȻ˷Х˷ɽֵлصȥ·ϰͷҰҶٺŷܰ
ˣǱȺˣô죡ŷܰŶ߲ƣ·޾Ұ޽ˣ
Ҷٺô죬ʱҲûУȻѾָ߳ɹ⹦ҲҪʹ˫˫ŶҶٺܹԸǧͷҰǣ
̤̤̤
ĽŲȥ൱Ӵˣ˵ҶٺѾܹһ֮ųһűХȺˣ
ֽ֮ƣΨгˣ
Ҷٺ˵ȫܹüĴİɫʯġͷһһͷɢɻĴڿնƺΪʵĿе˷ܣ
ƯС񣡡
ŷܰ۷ŹڿԾĻ˷ܵơСڿзܣϵĳѺڰϵԶΧ¶ȶ߲٣
Сڰʯռ䵱д˼죬ͷִ˲ˣëӸй͵ԣ·һĵĴһ㡣
ডС˷ܵķһУһСֻССĽȴ൱͹۵ЧΧȺͬħһٿذȻҶˣ
ҶٺŷܰԿĻһᾪȵķ֣ΧǵǧҰڵϣ־ڿȸԾС𣬻
ĵȼΪ˵޵Сеѹȼµޣ
ѽѽ
СڿԾһڷйԼ֮ʣպÿڵϵҶٺǴһֱߵҶٺȻ·ڷԼĲ
С𣬿ҶٺĶԿеС˵
ডСһƯĸ壬䵽˵ϣŮ൱ûŷܰļ֮ϣŷֱܰЦ
ԭС𰡣ÿɰְŷָܰС°ëСֲѡ
ɫ񣬼ŮԼʲôֶˣ
Ҷٺ൱ĵСʲôҲ˵ˣ
·ǸоҶٺĲС͵תͷһ䣬ƺںҶٺʲô¡
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СεȴϻֻۣһѾҶٺ˼ſ๣סҶٺһף㽫Ҷٺһӵıϣ
Ȼڵŷܰߣ´ͷŷܰĲӵļ֮ϣ
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Ϊ֮С𣬷ٶȺҶٺȾԲһΡ
ȻŸճãʱʵֻ൱߾ĲңڿзеٶѾҶٺ
Ҷٺָ֮£СܿľҶٺŷܰص


110 ؤ
ҹУһڿһСѾҶٺŷܰڽһεСﵱˣΪҶٺС߷ָʹġ
ˣСȥɣҶٺ˵СеıԹջ˰ʯռ䵱С
ҶٺôС˻ȥֻһСӰô氡ŷܰʧҶٺ˵
Сڻ̫С˳½УҷǺ
Ҷٺŷܰ˵ͻȻ䣬·ʲôе˵ǿߣʲô鷳ˣΧ˺öˣ
찡ʲô£ŷܰͣ൱ȣҪȥҶٺæŷܰסһһյı˳ȥ
ǰʱΧٸڵؤоŻѡʯȵȸֶŽյĴŽţ൱
ҶҶ
޳ܣ͵˲Со
ǵĶȻŸ壡

ʱҶٺѾŷܰһվؤĺ档Ҷٺ⼸ٺڵؤɫҧгݵ˵ؤ
ʱѾҹˣϰѾصԼļϢˣһƬͣһط
⣬ؤɷľڽǰţϰٸ֮ҡҷĻǰȺ˳еƺƴ
Ҷٺƺ൱ãŸղẰһؤͱһλСؤˣŭתͷҶٺŷܰ
ʲôˣҴؤ£ǰɣ
һؤߵĶҲתͷҶٺ۾ʱʱһֻεҶٺԵˡ
ۣǣǻζߵС椺ˮ鰡ǽ㵽ϣζǡ
ԽԽؤתͷһ֮¾ͱŷܰɫסˣ¶ɫı飡
ŷܰҧ촽ǰٸݣԻĶеԮֻýץס߾Ҷٺֱۣ
Сӣþ͹ԹԵĽߵСˣȻ֪ģ
һĿ׳ؤȭͷյž죬˵ΧʲôԼĿҪ
жʮؤϷС׳ͱš˵С꣬ǲĴЦ

Ҷٺɫ࣬ͬһĻɽԵŷܸܰܵõҶٺֱ۵ļǼȷŭ

ҶٺĴ׳ؤĴЦ·ʲôЦ
һʮ꣬һֻŻŤεСƨһ󺺹бƵ𣿴׳ؤǵĳҶٺȥҪֽҶٺ𣬺ݺˤڵϣ
ؤѾõ꽫һ⣡Ѫ֮·ۿֵؤ˷ܵĹֽ

ŷܰҲǾ˫۾ѹ֮Ķֻһ˵ҶٺҶٺʵȻûһʶˣ
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һ촫ǿֵʮؤȻֹ
ŷܰ۾ΪǵҶٺȴһź̵⽴һֻڿеĻ֣ԼվԭصҶٺ
Ż
ŷܰ͵ĸŻǵһμôĵĳһѻ̵٣÷θ
Щ֣ȥɣ
ҶٺڽǰѾָԽǰٸʵǿķɱ
ӡа򳡰Сڵϣǽ涼ҳһڵӡ˳ʮŵؤ
ǣһȥɱҲǽСһȺеؤĶؤҶٺȥ
ҶٺһӻɺؤΪ˫ֽӡһҽɢŸµҶٺγɣ


111 и
ŭХ
ҶٺȣеŻһ׳Ļȼܻβһɨ㽫ʮؤɨ⽴
ﰡܡ
һа׵ľЩԭڵؤѾƵˣĴӴܣ
Űһץһɨ֮£ʮ
ŷܰվڻɢϢҶٺԣսսһЩѪȻҵĳŻǣͬǧ꺮һҶٺ˵
ҶٺŹǰɣǶǻ
ŷܰͬҶٺɢ޾ɱͻȻһͣԭ۾Ҳ»ָ
ҶٺɻĲͷȥɫŷܰʵԸôǸոտİ
Ҳһʱ˽ˣǻǺˣŹǺ𣿡
Ҷٺŷܰ峺ˮ۾Ц㻹ðɣҾͲһʶɣ
ҶٺҪȥ֮ʱһŭԶĴ󵨿ͽɱؤӣǲ֪
ոһɫ͸ŨŨҹɫڻڴĶûɲǼɢΣ
Ҷٺ̧ͷٴα˪ķŭˣؤﾹȻΧŷܰĴεҶٺŭģ
Уһ׷ؤվһɫɽ֮ϣЦԹҶٺƺʬΣ
СӣҪ˼ԴСɱؤϰٰڣҪΪµ¸ۣ
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뵽ҪӳԵҶٺ϶ʱһһֱǰƣǧѵеӢţ
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⡭
Ծõɴ۾һײâæҵĽѾɵǰöȽסҲһ߽䵽棬һ߿Ц
ֳ֪ǰӲ죬Զײϣˡ
˵ţöȵĵݻظҶٺЦ
볤ϵһϢϢǼ򽫾һýСǽҶģ
Ҷٺ֪öзȻһ˵ԼϰҲܲˣϷҪȥģ
ŷܰؤӾֵĿ֮£һ߰мҶٺһһ˵
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112 ҧŲ
ˣϣС֪ˣÿҶٺ˵
ҿӿɲ֪һȥҶ棡
Ҷٺ߳ȵǣֳٸؤĵ̣ҪÿһҶôѺã
֮ҶٺѾŽϴľʹ̤ɽ˽ҶܲҶٺУ
Ҷٺŷܰ󣬷ĳȥûȥѾ󺰣˶
Ӵϵܰʲô㴵˰
ؤҶٺЦŴ߳ϣҶٺɫĽˡӴһŵľУԵ൱ȡ
ӴӴôҲǰ֪ͨһ
Ц൱Ź֣Ҷٺ˵ʲôʱôαôٵģ
˵ĽҲ˵ֻһͷһ߾ʲôҲˣ
ʱԼĵֳ󶯾ĽҶؤҲŵĸϻȵǰŵ
ϰΧ۵һ־磡Ҷٺġڡд֣ⳡϷĳ湻׳۰
ڳĸλֵǣǰˣ
Ҷٺһھһȥ൱ίһĻΪһ½ϣؤĴСң
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һ㶼ûٴͬ
ǣ죬ǽҶʮֵܣʮ꾭ӪĿڱ˴ݻˣ
Ҷٺߺ޵ŭȵһָ۾µĽ
ڷǴƴڵһߵͶߵ࣬ǿй޹Ľؤɨأôϰսôȥǻô

ڳϰؤӶҶٺһ磬ģ˷θĽжˣѾ˻ߵ
ҵ򰡣
򣡻ĺڷȥɣ
Ⱥ鼤ӿҶǰַڶ
ˣһֱûĽ͵۾·һʣ

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ڳΧмؤӣŵõ۾ҲҴһ£±ڷһŭ֮ɱ
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԰԰˵ؤǽͷҶٺžǽͷ̫ͷ۶ˡ
ȻЦ׷ƮϺڷѾڰȺĻ˶˽ŭµõתǹͷˣȥҲźúýѵǣ
ѵ˵ΪǽҶˣһԴϻȥȫң壿ҶٺЦŽ
ƨҽؤĹô԰֮£
ȻŭӶҶٺըˣŭСӣĴңĺڣ
԰ؤ˽ܻͷ͵ҶأȻôôңʲôûз֣
԰һﶼˣϻǣ
ؤӼĺȥ˽ͷȫңǵĲƱû
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СǣǵĹ˯绹Ҫأ˭ˣӿ㹤Ǯ
ˡ
һһֵ³ȥįɪ˵ĿⶼĽ˵
ҶˣҪǼ֤ңǰΪϳϾ˲СˣҪϾϾ


113 ؤͷ
䡭
ڳؤˣǼؤôˣɶûмǵİͷϾأ
ɽ߻ʵԶͷϾԶߣҵλߣôЩƴڵײСлأ
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ں˵ΪֹпߵҶٺ΢Ц͵͵ˣ˶¶һ˿ЦݵһЦ˵
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˶ӵȨͷϾڴ֮£Ҳö˵ʲôˣٺһЦͬһֻԳһ㣬УǿҶٺһ˸ߵĽ𾵰˳ˡһڵذϣ
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ΧؤӽܵûиڳؤӺҶٺŷܰǣʵͷϾѾǰ·ˣҲǰ·ϣ
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ٿһ˸ߵĽ𾵣̫зβƣɢʥϢ
ؤط߶£ǱڵϵĽ𾵻ͿУͬˮ
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תۼ䣬ˮƽ֮󣬾Ѿĺ˵ףġŽˣƺеЩԾ
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ǺǣؤԪϣȥΪؤȻġͷϾ΢Цŵͷ˵ʾͬ˵
Ȼĳؤҳ¿ɼǣգ֪СͽȻң˵ҶؤĻģ
ŭתͷȥߺ޵ָ˵ԵͬһСҶٺ
Ҷٺŵ˫۾ȥģڵؤγĶԱȣ
ҵѽ㿴ǺڷȻһʮСӣⲻԴСô
һЩؤѾȥĵɷһĽԱߵؤֵܵĶ˽
԰ڷǺ޳ܣ⽭ͷˣһ޴СӣడֳԵСŮŵò޳ˣ
˵ΧؤǵĻѾ˵СˣҶٺͼؤʲôˣ
ҶٺЩĻȫȥˣ˵⼸Ϊؤˣ


114 ܶԻ
ҶٺΧ˶ԽŭЦѾĽ߳ŭͻȻֽɱˣΪѾõؤİдǴҶٺе١
ƴõģǣԺϸ㡣˵
õϹֵĺ˵ĳŵҶٺȻʮķִһˣ
Ͷָʹ¹򽫾ͷ൱ˣ˻ᣬȻҪͷӸЩ۵ˣ
Ҷٺָȴǲ㳲ŭ˵
ؤһƬģ֪Լĺʲôôƽգǵؤǵǿڷ˶𣿣
㣡
ҶٺǺ죬־ҪһҶٺϣȴΧ˵Ȼ൱ӽľٶ
˺ˣ
ڽһߵͷϾԵòͷˣüͷ·˵һһСĥˣ
飬òˣ
ͷϾŶͷҲ˼ĽؤģӦϰյĿһõǲǿС͵ϰյĺѣ
ꡭ
ŷ̲ܰסЦ˵ؤͷӻǰؤ˵ʥޱȰ
ûŷܰôˣͷϾ˼˵ⶼĲˣ
ָԼİԼֹĽʱ޻˵ˣһһףҶٺĲˣһ˼ҰҪǰ˼ҸˣԼ
ѵǣֳǸˣ
תһ˫޵۾Ҷٺ·˵һ㣬΢΢Ƿһȥˣ
ߣĳ˰˸߲ҵĻ֣
ҶٺͷϾѾ൱ƣҪȥˣæǰȥͷϾ˵
ϾҲĲԣ谭ؤ£ɱϰٰڣҶٺ
лͽôһհ۱Ϲ֣ҶٺȻҪץסˣһ½֮Ĵ밡
ȻͷϾƣչͬãֻЦ
Ҷٺ˴󹦰ô÷㰡ŸյؤϣͰôһæؤĹˣ
ʲôɱϰٰڻдͣ
ҶٺʵͷϾ˵ĺҶٺʶͥҶٺ𾪲ѡ
˿ȥɵʵˮͷϾ΢ЦʱᣬܻڿֵϰٽҶؤˣڽҶǰСͥԺﲼܸĽƣֹ͵
ˣﰲȫˡ
˸ոջ͵΢ЦȻΧȫ֮Ȼǰȥ൱ࡣ
ҶٺǰͬһĴвãҪһıˣ
ˣȻֻʣǼˣҾ̹˵ˡ
ͷϾ˵üͷгܲޱȡĿҶٺһͷϾʵ
Ҷٺ֪ΪʲôҪʦڵѰһҶô
ŷܰͨ죬ҲǷԼһıУ޴ȴֻߵҶٺˡ
ҶٺͷȻ֪ͷϾǧټҪõҶĿˣҪԼķؤİ
ҶٺĬ֪ͷϾҲǻͷʵôôǶԻǴأ
ҾϾҪסԼļҵô޿ɺǡ
Ҷٺε˵˵֪ϲԼ̳Լıȥ൱˽൱бܲܵŵ˵ֱ˵ɡ
Ǻǣֱ˵ɣСƨ
ͷϾƽ䣬ЩʲôֻȻ΢Ц˵
ǲ룬ͷϾٶʮҪˣԼķռŰ֮λֱվéӲʺ
ǲ룬˶˽ģͷϾĽɽȻøˣ
ͷϾԽ˵ԽǿݻƵҲ˵ó


115 ؤΣ
ǲǾãҽǷϰ֮λǺߴʤλڶͱ˴ɱͷϾ˻ߵĺ״
ˡ
ҶٺܹͷϾſ˫ۣΧʱŰŭ
Ҳİ
ͷϾŭХʱӿ
ͷϾ꣬ӵаܹҡһ䣬Ϊʨ۱ȴ˷ֱľأҲİ
˼ͷϾ״̾һ˵ϾҲ̫ڲҲԲôǵıóѵģǻԳᣬؤ
ں˺ͷ֮ѾƣͷϾ϶˵֮£Ҷٺ֪ؤڴ۸ӵȨףΪЩ֮ļıԸеľ
⵽˭˭
ΪͷϾλؤ𽥷ΪһԭһǷɣһǽͷݡ
ΪֻһȻϰȴҪԼϰΪǽͷݵؤʧ͸
ҲΪǽͷǵΪڶķǡܹȳԶؤʵ
Ѿıŵһλ㼴̷ؤİӵ۱ľˣȻȴͻȻ֪ؤפĽҶѾõҶⲻ˵ǵδǷϲ
ͬʱõϢǽͷǱΪԼıǴ𣬴ʱ֪ܹٴγΪˣ׷תǹͷת֧ҳô
ôǽͷתҳأǿѹյһݰ
ΪɵѾǰҪʵаеƻˣͬʱǽͷݵԼٰ֧һҲѾ
Ƕôƴĳ氡
Ҷٺ𺳣˸ڵĸ߽ԼһĺߵĶһһ似Խըһ
ȻҶٺ𾪲ѵĲЩȻЧٰĺ˺һԸɺǽͷݵľ֮ƣɥ֮ƣ
Ҷٺ͵զ࣬㾡ؤ֮ƣռžŰʮһмƷʯ߻ΪвԶ취Υ֮֮֮һȫµؤﰡ
ˮޱȵ˵ĻǾֻĿؤֱˣȺĹεĶؤǣȻ֮λ
ͷϾĿ˸ȵ͵ĿԺ˵˵ˣһѳɶ֣ûа취ıˡ
ţͷϾƫͷҶٺ˳㿴˿Ҷٺߵŷܰ˵
ҶٺҲ˵ܸʲôֻ㣬Ϳ˼ˣ
ͷϾݵ˫ҾҶٺҪߵͷҶٺŵôУϾ򲻿ɰҶٺ԰ǵľͰﰡôҿҪٵģ
һϰİ׷ҪߵͷҶٺܵˣҶٺֻôӦͷϾˣϾССһʦҲʲôˡ
ԲҶٺ
ͷϾɫǺ˼֣·ֲ˼Ƶġ
ҲֻΪҵؤ밡ΨһѪðհؤȹ˽٣ͷϾԼؤﶼΪǴӣ
Ҷٺﵱ˺æܾͷϾĺô
ǹһʱҶٺŷܰڴ֮ϣ߻ؽһҹߵŷܰޱȣֻ۾涼˴ĺȦˡ
Ҷٺǽô찡ҪΪͷϾ𣿡ŷܰվҶٺԣһһ˵
ǣҡֻһСǲôġҶٺ˵
Ѿ֪ǵ˰ǲɱڰɣ
ǲġ
ԭڸղŵһʱҶٺǺͷϾԼ͵ϮЩͼı֮λĶϸڣ˻˳ҶٺεƺˣȲָԭ״Ҷٺ׾ٵľͻָԭʵˡ
Ÿ·ϵֻǵļҶٺŷܰܿ߻ؽˡ
ؤڽǰµĺۼѾˣ·ʲôҲûзһ㡣
壬ҵѽŷܰԼû壬ȸԾͬСһ㡣
ǺǣСܰŸոѹҪҵ˰ǹԺӰ
Цͬŷܰһ˫С۾ЦñסˣŶЦͣ˵


116 
ŷͱˣ˵ȥʲôҪ顣
ո˵İպüŷܰԵҶٺЦ˵λŷߵĴߴôôСܰˣ
ŷܰ˫һ죬ӵİֱۣ˼Һûйϵ
Ҷٺһⰲ֪ʲôöúϻҶٺҲû˵뿪ˣһ㵺ʧŷܰһ΢Цİ
СܰСѺܿŶǺһЦŷܰ˵
ҲأŷܻܰҲСܵˡ
ͷ֮У򵥶£ûи߹ϡӣûΪֻһͨͨľһСԲľԼһװε硣
ҶٺýΪѡһ൱ͨĿͷҶٺЩ۵ĵطʺΪߵ
ܣڵѾճðΪҺ̬ˣǶôһȴֻͣʦڣ
ҶٺԼھе״֡
˵ӴӦʦˣȻΪȴȻûо֣ⲻҶٺеЩ΢
ٴι۲֮£ҶٺڵȻôһ״ճҺ״ɫƯһƬ֮ϣɢө⣬Ծ䵱ͨҶٺڴϢٻ۵֮УγһƴΰС
ǴﵽڵߵﵱеΣսҺ̬ʦ֮ʱڵͬʵĽӴһ㣬۳ɺӣӿ
Ȼ⣬ôǹˡ
ҶٺԺм̸ֳڵĹԼϲڵϧĻϲڹһνֲͬɵȻͬĹжԱȡ
ϲڵĹǳƫ·ߡϧҶٺԺĹУҹϧе׹
ҹġǡߵݺٶȣϧġʰʵϺ͡ǡͬ͵Ĺġ
ҶٺٹۿڵϹǹغĴġ챦ܹ֮µһɵıΪ˵ֻɲܹġ챦
Ǹͷӣ
ҶٺȻ̲סƿڴԭǹغһֱƭ˵ʲôֻҪڵһ̶Ⱦͻʦߵľ磡ʦĽҪġ챦
Ҷٺɿ˻ϲڵ䣬ٺԼԺйغµġ챦ȽϣķߵĹǲȱȫģֻغøӳһ㣬ֻҶٺ߾Ĺ
ҾôٳûԭͷûҪҵʦʦĹʡˣ
ҶٺŭһƬʣϸһ֮£˹غĵһ⡱һֱǽҶٺҩҶٺһʦͽˣߵĹҲ֮С
֪ԼӵеĲǲȱȫĹҶٺһƬ磬ⲻʹҪĴѹϺõĹؼ
ûµһڵıɾʧȥϵͳѧϰ챦Ļᰡ
ѧϰ⻶ϲڵĹɣΪħŵĻϲڵĹӦҲ̫ģ
Ҷٺ̾ϢȻֳɵĹʹãҶٺȻ߲ܵˡ
Ȼ˸ĶϰϲڹҶٺΪˡ
Ҫԭеġ챦е·߸ϰϲһأǶƣ챦ͻϲڵ䶼һͬϰˣ
ò˵ҶٺһƴķӣȻͲʮƾԼһɺݾ߾ھŲ㣡
ĲջӻѡʲôأǲҪ²ģ
ĲͬޣҪôĲĹȵñҪôڻĲɾ
ٿҶٺѾĳĴϵ׹֣ͬɫǳϰǡϱе
ͬʱп񱩵ɫߣƺҪҶٺݶҶٺԭе
ǿ̶·ߣҪڡ챦͡ǡ·֮Ѱһƽ㣡


117 ̿Ϯ
ѰƽķһһĽ·Ĺ֮以
ת˵ףûôˣ
Թ·߲ɸڽԳϵĽɣͻ߲ûУǶΪ֤ɶԼˣ
תһιҪˣ˵Ҷٺֹ֮תⲻǴĺԼСȥô

ʮʱ֮ҶٺȻڴϣɫ糣ϵɫǹ˸ƣȥòɲ⣡
ˣڽ챦͡ǡںһˣҶٺһЦжһϰɫƵҺ״š
ں󹦷Ҷٺʮ㣬ȻһתΪǡеӶеġһ룬ȻܹܵõȵУʱһʦڵߣҲ֮һս
ںϡʰ
ҶٺȣѾɹ̤һҶٺȣнֹһںϵƣ
ϰɫӵٴαҶٺĹ·춯
ô£
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⡭
ҶٺĿ࣬ǰ״ϣ⡶ʰȻɡǡǿͬŵİ
Ҷٺ𺳵ʱҶٺڵĿ͵Ĵʮȣ䳹ǣ
ɱ
Ҷٺٿ۾Ҫ鼰зȴˣ
Ҷٺʼ֮ʣһ۵İ׹ⶸȻ𣡡⡱һҶٺ͵˿Ѫͬڵһ㵹ɳȥ
𡭡
ҶٺȻڿгߵɳȥ֮ʱһжʱһźɫУǰ׹ĵطɶȥ
Ҷٺǽ֮ʱźڹҲǸ׹⿳Ľ䣬顱һըһ󶴣
˭ҳ
ҶٺѹڵССƣָţ͵Ϯ֮Ϊʦóɱ
Ҫʱͯ״ϣʱѾƶˣ
Ҷٺ䣬Լоһɱ
ٻףȴǷɱٴˣ
Ҷٺвã˿Ҵ⣬˾һḻɱֻ֣Ҫ¶һ˿Ϳ˲䱻ɱΣ
ΧһƬž·Ƭ綼Ѿ˯һ㡣ŪôĶû˷ýֺͷ붼֪䷿ΧѾ½ˣ
ʲôˣ˭ģ
Ҷٺ۾һգգĽΧ˫գ׼ʱֽ͵Ϯ߿ɱ
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
Ҷٺŭһ˲˦ϰٸ룬ɱԴͷȥ
ৣ
ʱҶٺıͻȻһ죬ҶٺæתҲͽٻֻغݺ
ҶٺĻԾķǵͬһĺڹѾǰ״ˣڹҶٺľݺҧȥ
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üթɱ֣
Ҷٺ󶼱亹ʪˣ͵Ϯһбһݣûû˵ģƺɱĲһ㣡
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Ҷٺ·ܿͬʵһѪɫɱɱ˶˲ܼ۶ɵɱöԩͶɵɱ
ҶٺһϹţƣеǹ˸׺У˫ַٽӡͬӰ
ŭХ
ӿ֣׾


118 翹
𡭡
쳣ֱͣɱдһ󶴣βһһȣѾγɡǽڡɱ֮ҵáֱ죡
Ȼа׵ȴޱ޾ɱбʳأ˲仯Ϊɢڿ֮У
ҶٺһΧȰֵĵ򿪣ÿһ֣㽫һ飬ÿһ֣ضҳ죡
ҶٺΪֹıһսû˵Խɱֱɱеģߵгħ֮⻹˭ӵӴɱ
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ҶٺɱԼɱеĺ֮ʱǱ䳹ǵٶ𣬡ˣϷˡɱ¾籩ڶأ
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ѵʦΪ߸ߵߣҶٺһƬ
Ѫɫ籩УȷŰҶٺĺڷúҷ裡ǰеɱֽǡɱ¾籩ڶء
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ϰ׶ɫпȥѤ֮ʱȥƮݣʱȥƮΣȻ˵ѹȸȴӺأͬǧɽѹԭɱжѾʧΣǱϰɵˣ
ɱһҶٺȥɱ¾籩ش
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ҵĵڶʽɱ¾Ӱ
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ѪӰûжƾѾҶٺԳܣҪʮѪӰж൱ʮʦ߹Ҷٺһʦߣ
Ҷٺӡɣ似ǿȽʯѪӰ֮ϣȴûз˿ʮûʶɱ֣Ƭռ䵱ѰŹĿ꣬ľҪǻƵҶٺ
ꡭ
ʮѪӰڶյлʮѪƥ˲Ҷٺ˷籩Ĺ˿ҶٺϣҶٺæң


119 ɱ
ֲ֧סˣҶٺвã˫ȭѵȣҶٺֻһˣܹʮʵ൱߿أ
ʹ似죬ȴ޷κʮһ޵ѪӰջѪӰ˵ҶٺͬʱӺ󷽹ĹÿѪĭ
ҶٺƣһѪӰͷͷᵽһԣ죬ͬʱֱһжܵѪӰһϥϣߵһ
Ƭ̣ҶٺѾʮѪӰսϰٻغϣȻҶٺֻѪӰͬĹ֣֮֮ȴǳ־֮ƣ
ֽйɵİڶҶٺѾʲô·ˣֻҪܹɱеģû˿ɣ
ʮѪӰûаɿԵĹ֮£ҶٺֻüвУǿӦˣȻԽˣҶٺľԽǻ㱣·Ҫ˯ȥһ㣡
ôˣͷΣ
Ҷٺǿ۾룬·Ҫ˯һ㣡жȻͣЪͬˮ֪ƣ룡
Ҷٺ֪ͣģֻҪһ֣ϾҪݺݴһǣ
ҶٺѾľˣԭϹǳѾ޹⣬·ֻһͨǳɫսÿӿݣ
ȻӵƷƼ׵ҶٺȴȻˣ
ҶٺľԽԽ㱣ʶԽԽģȻʲô֪ˣ·ֻǹãǳ
ĸоþûôʵ˯һˣ
Ҷٺͷ֮ϵĵ㷱ǣҪ˯УǺεȻĸо̤֮·ʹûиܹôһڵĸоˣ

ѪӰˣʱʮѪɫÿһӵʦʵÿһӵǿʣ
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ѪӰľһʹǱҶٺĿֲһ֮ʹܵش
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ӿֲǣҶٺ̥⹥ԽԽ죬˿˯У
˫ߵ貰׹ڷɳͷ֮ϣâڷ֮ϣᴩ
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ʱҶٺѾȻ۾ʶ佫ȭɵжʱ˲ٿǰʮѪɫѾȫȻʧֻʣ°ڵأѪֱɱѪӰˣ
ϲȭȻ˵ãѪӰڴ֮£޺
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ȵصеһ䣬һӵվ˸󶴵ĸѾԭˣɫȴǲ԰ͬˡ
ֻ촽Ҳɫ粻ǴеͷϾԹ˵ʮ󣿣úݶͷԼˣҪǸᣡ
ʮ󣬱ͷϾΪؤ߹صġʮ󡷵еԶ󷨣
ʮ󡷱һԶ󷨵ص䣬ص䵱Ѿǿ󷨵ʮӵкεǿ
ʮս٣̧䷭Ƹ꣬һУʮ㼯һԴƲǿڣ
һ˼Ƭ̣Ȼûͷһʮ׳Ļ𽣱㽫ҳɳ㳾Ҳû£
ٿȵصУʣµǧѾͬһ㣡ʲô°Ѿʮ׳ټϰѾһʮ׵ľˣ
վִɫڴԵİ˸бڵ֮ϣɲǼȡϰ
⻹ڴİյУеͷϾһ˫Ŀգ似·
ɲǼ䣬ŭһƬоճɽȼգ˷죡ˮɽ˾ǧʬ似ո
Ƭ̣ԭǧ˵ѾѾֻʣһǧˣҪܣȴڴʧʧɱıɱжܵѹƵĵо·һ׳͵űɱˣ
Ѫȵ󷨣
Ҷٺɫ࣬ǰϱ۶ȷ׷ɣѻڵصĳӲѹֲסģֱŻ
ҶٺѾǼǿˣ󲿷ֲؤһѪȳһʱŻ²ˡ
ǺεȲ̵һǧʬѵأĽⶼˡûͷġȱֽŵġƶǵģȱȽǣѪɺӣԼŽĵ֮ϣӳĵýޱ졣
ʮվ˱ʮɱ˻ͣ͵ոѾʣѵڶҲһ۽ֱӿ룬ٱɣ
ڹžŰʮһżƷʯΪԴʮʮս׻ÿһսʩߵʵ֮𣡼ɱ󡢾ԪΪһ󷨣
Ҷٺ߶ź˶˵ĶʮĽܣ󷨣˵춼ܹ򴩰
ȥҶٺ͵ʣǧǰĳȥߵǱΪС
֮£оͱҶٺıֺõöˣȻһʼ˲Ҿ׵ĳҲŻ²ѣѾָǿеķˡ
սȻͷϾĹİֻʣһǧˣټغͷϾԵһʿҲֻһǧˡ
ʢ֮ʱڣȴֻʣһǧˣ˺įѡ
СӣһعһҶٺĺϣҶٺһ飬˹


127 ǽ
Ҷٺ̾ǿŶģһǰȵǧʬ壬ַ̧ųһƬĻ棬һʬȼ
½ǽСӣԼȥúɡ
˵ַ̧ųһƬ棬ٺҶٺĳһ£ЦСӣȻӵл𾳽ʣǰ;
ҶٺǲмԼͷųıӵѾѸӿĻ棬ЦҪ֪һͬȾʣ㾪
ҶٺͻȻʲôתͷܣȵ˵ˣϾأô
ˡ˳Ĭį֮ɫ
Ҷٺвã뷢ʣȴǱ˴ˡ
ɫ㲣Ʋ൱ݣûв´ϾѾݺˣӽУؤ
ԭͷϾ֮ģȻҲƾĵֻʣ°ɵĹ㽫ʮȫ߶Ѿȫɱ
;֮ϣǧ˶ޱȳĬǶʵˣ˵ǾѪϴӵжؤĳģȻؤһս
Ҷٺֻŵͷ·Ҳûзǧ˶飬ûбۣûʧǻǶȥͷϾĵ
ǿǵľԶսʤľ֧Ǿͷ·һȺӵзĿͽʱˣҲܵˡ
֧飬պһµȻܳɳΪһ֧ĲηҶٺõ֧Ϊ塣
ؤڻҶٺûм뿪һ˼ؤϣΣʱһ֮ôҲ㲻ʲôӢۺúͷϾǰǸŵһЩôģȻͷϾţؤﻹڱŵԡ
صҶڵѾǰ֮ˣҶٺͺˡԼҶΧѾ½ƵУһʲô顣
ǧ˶黹פ֮⣬Ⱥΰĺһ֧ԭɽҶ桢ԼͷϾʿ϶ɵƾҪδûһ⡣
Ҷٺڵϣ谵ĻԼϵı飬ҶٺҲܹӴʱѹղ³ϵıһÿˡ
⻹ܹǸôλһҵĴ£ʱȴǱճһ죬ɲƽ˿Ĵֱʰ
ȻѾǰŷȨġпڲһھǻϢ
ɫƽȴ̺ŨŨİ˵ûǿʵȴų޷󼰵Ĵǡ
ֻǶеĸи˵λǺܲңǸˣһǣؽһµģǿؤ
⻰˵ĲˣҺĲܣֻҪܹһҶǾܹһͷϾһɨ֮ǰǷϣٴθ߿˵
ʱҲ廰ˣڣһҶȷ֮صֻҵǵؤŲֱ
Ҷٺһͷˮ˵Ҷǹؼ֮ǲֶһննȴǳһĹؼҶٺ˵ҪĻһǾ
Ŷ˻˵Ҷٺǲʵ
üëһֳ֪Ҷ˵ֻҵõ½ĻᣬȴǹغؤܼܲȥĹؼ
ҶٺԽȥԽ𺳲ѣ
ǰвһռλķôѹƵסִأӵʮڶѾȺ׵ķֶأ
ǹȥͷϾͳεܶʣǧߣҲһֻ̥еĻ
ؤܶѾûѹֶˣֶɾͳΪС
Խ˵ȥԽǼ͸һɶش˲ǿӲƣҶٺа
У᲻⣿Ҷٺеһ䣬͵͵ߵͺˣŷǽһǵɫ


128 ؤﳤ
Ҷٺĵʱ䲻ıߵĺԴҶٺͻȻתʺ˷ʲô£ȴǷ˶
СӣؤĳˣҪµʱ򷢴ʲôӣ
ҪҶٺԴȴǱҶٺȥˣҪҶٺĴŰͷҶٺͺƴˡ
ҸոһЩ⣬˼û˵ʲôǺǡҶٺЦ
ûϵԺעͺá
΢Ц˵ûжҶٺӹ𣬡Ҹո˵ҺٴǰԮѰҶֳϣǧбͽˣǼҪ뿪һʱ䣬ʱǵ˰
ҶٺȻ⣬оȻǧб
˵ֻǧ˵İڣ˶ܿǧڿɶǾ֮սӢ±뺷ĸ֮ʦ
ҶٺŸյû죬о͸ôһҶٺеЩʡ
˵Ҷٺֻʮ꣬ɲǸɵӣ֪ϲڱ˺ġ
ҲǿҶٺеǣ˵ֳϲҪˣⲻѭǰǰаˡңѾؤһ˰
ҿܲôһݴ񰡣Ҳһɢޣеطǧ˾أ
ҶٺεЦ˵һսĶѣûôʵǧ˰
㲻õģֻҪӦһҽҶǧڵļң
һõЦݣң㲻Ǻ򸽽ĻϲڷԼʬɷԹô֧̤ƽϲںʬɷ
Ҷٺоһ⻹һջ󰡣
ðɣҲˣǧھӹܰɣҶٺؿ˵
ҶٺӦ¶Ȼı飬Լ˵УҶٺȻʵôǱȴ൱޴󣬶ұһ񱱽ؤΪԼһ
ãôҶٺͲؤϣΪĳˣдӻȡһϿ̷ƣݵҶٺǰ
ϣҿɲʲôϰ
Ҷٺæƴǣ˵ؤؤӵױȵʵϰߵһڵɢޡ
һƣӲҶٺؿ֮ϣɸֵ˵¾°ʲôƣƵģֲʱ䣬ֲ㽻Ǯ
ǲҴͷһķװְɡ
Ҷٺָؤˣ͵͵еĶ˵Ѻ̡
ǺǡкЦһ˫ЦҶٺ˵֪ؤĳʲôλôҪʲôܵõʲô𣿡
ҶٺȻ֪ˣҡҡͷȴǰ˽͡
жʹɫĽ͵ؤĳϣΪֹֻһ㡭
ҶٺʱסˣʲôЦһְλң
˵ͷƺԼĿ൱⣬˵㲻ҪˣⳤϲΪġֻ֮һΪⳤ֮λؤһֱǿŵġҲͷϾ㵱ϵġ
Ŷ
ҶٺƶǶæͷ˵ͷϾ֪һŻ磬ǰ;޿ߴҪؤˣԾͽ֮λˡ
ˣ
Ҷٺĺһ˵Сӣ㵱͵ôϻʲô
Ͽ԰㿳ˣһ˽ȥˣҶٺݺݵؤˣŭ
˶϶۵УҶٺ֪Լ˳ǸʲôĵλˣŷԼⳤϲҪڻʱڵؤô
˵ʱֶİڣƾֱؤҪ˵ֶİҶٺĺڵ찡
ߣҶٺԲ鿴ؤй伮ҶٺؤĹðԭµһɵĹο濴һ֯ؤĹ


129 ʱ
ӿɶľǣⳤϾȻҪؤȶڲǸⰡ
ôһʱڣҶٺΪؤȶڲ򣬲˵Ҷٺؤƽô
ҸоԼǱǸˡҶٺһԹǰĸһϺꡣ
ѾָΪϲЦݣ˵СӣĿ⻹Զһ£ؤٴλָԻͣɾǿʱʮ۱һ˰ôջɣ
Ҷٺ۾ƫߵûȻǶ˵Ļ൱ðͻȻҶٺкһ˵ôھͿԵҶͺʮڣѰҶ
ĺôҶٺϲʮ뽫ϲںʬɷԲҲУɱҲУ
ԭġ
ЦЦҶٺ˵֪ġؤֻʣˣǻҪԼֶİڣһոֶ氡ֳҪⰡ
Ҷٺһ飬ǰؤͻȻԼںͷϺ깲¡
ʱ֮Ҷٺһɥڻؽ·ϣҪһ徻ĵط似һʦܹ֮ӳǿ似
֮ҾҪٴɱϻϲڣǶҼȥɣҶٺ˩ȭͷݺݵ˵

ߴˣ˰һҶٺһȺ澾æܵҶٺǰҶٺ밲Ҷٺŵòᡣ
ãǺð
Ҷٺһ飬˵Щ˺«ʲôҩͻȻ˷뵱˰ˡ
ֹ֣ҶٺǼæ߻ԼĿͷڷŵһս֮п˲ʧ
ҶٺѾ֮һŮ·˿һ㣬ϵѾʵʣɻ
Ҳ֪Сô£ǶСôãëͷСӲŶͰҲǶģһۺɫ˿·Ů˵
ĪǼҵܰС㴺ȶˣϲôһ֪ĸëͷСӣһŮЦ
˵˵ôܣ˵ҪܰүȢȥСأһŮм˵
ǰɣǸշҷϣ˷˰ƺ䱾ˣǰɶɱ˵ģʮļһﱻˣǷۺ·Ů̾Ϣ

˵صͷҶٺڷڲ¼СһԷֹ˴Եźš
ɱһεҶٺ֪˴ɱ൱飬֮ʱóķ൱Ҫġ
Ҷٺͯȡ˳ɫƷԻƼԵסǿ󹥻İ
ҶٺڴսԵĿǶϹ֣ǿһоܽ״õĴڰ
ҶٺѲѾˣɲ׿ԵסϹֵĹ
лĻҪ¼ƼˣϾҲһϺõĻƼҶٺǿӿݣ֮ϸһ󶴵ףȻ˵
ò˵Ҷٺһ֮ˣ׿ͯɲö
Ҷٺ֮¼׵飬Ҫõˡ
йâһֻصҶٺϵĿռָУǿռָг֮⣬ؤĴݵơ⽣Լľ۱̡
߰Ķϰҩľ񶦡ỹзƽүһӸĴʮ񽣵ȵȣһ֮£Ҷٺŷԭ֪УԼļҵ׾Ѿۺˡ
ҩһҶȮͿ̿οҶٺϻϰҶ൱ȴεҩ
ᣬӵ֮Ч޾ԪҶٺľˡ
ľ񶦡ʮ񽣵Ľ۱̣ôôǼߣҶٺɲǣϾЩҪġ
ҶٺԼļҵ׷ű࣬εķ֣ʹõĲ⽣Ѿòˡ
һȴֻܸţҶٺг嶯һͷײǽ˵Ķˡ


130 ǰħ
ʦ֮ҶٺҪѧ似ٴһḶ́һḶ́
ʦڣҶٺ似ãʹ似죬սʱӳ־ã
ƷơɫƷ֮ˣ
ľȭŭХ޴ع죬仯ˣ
ֻءӰɱ춯أ
Ҷٺ˫ֲͣ裬ûٰӡɢݶȥʥ
ʯռҶٺڰʯռˮŰʱ֮У꣬գ
֮ͬʯһڵϸҶٺȻ۾ͬݲеӾ˸
ֻգȻҶٺΪȻʦڣʵȴ˲پ
ѪǱӦѾж˰ɣҲüӽʱˡҶٺٿվǵ̤ţϲڵķȥ
ѪҶٺΪ֧Ѿͳİս֮ʦĴţҶٺҪǧֻССؤĻҡһ䣬ɳԡѪɱǧԡѪս
Ҫ⻶ϲڵССɣΪ¸ۣ
Ҷٺݺݵ˵ʱѾǻϲڵСС߳½뻶ϲԼԼõݡ
Ҷٺ֮Իѡʹá½ݣΪ½ǻϲһ˲֪˲ҷϣǼðġ½Ҳֻϧ֪ƭϲˣ
ʱ֮ҶٺѾϲڷڵĴɽˣɽߣܹ뻶ϲˡ
ҶٺŸߵǾʯ֮ͱŵСͯˡֻǳһ˫۵Сͯ۷ŹĶԳ½˵
ʦ֣͵ɽ˰ôָϧŰ
ҶٺİСͯߣ˳ֽһʯСͯ¶аЦ
Ҳɽһ죬ͻȻСӣ̽ˣ͵ɽô
ǣʦ̽ңҿ֮߰ʦ֣ϧλҪˣҪܻأ
ͯĶԶȥҶٺӻ֣˵
ҶٺͷҲرɽȥСͯѵҶٺдϲⲻô
⻶ϲڷɵλڣһ⻶ϲڵɽŲƽĴʱ
ףⲻҹôǻԵ
Ҷٺϲ֣ҪϲھǸųΪָ·ԡ
ʦ֣
ԱҹҼƯŮ£ϵ˷ܱͿԲ²һȻһɱһ㣬⻶ϲڵһ޳Ҳɱ˵ĳ½ʱҶٺ·ħһ㡣
ҶٺߵԣЦԵļ򣬴һһĵþò˰ֵܣΪо
⡭⣬ʦֵĸѾ߾߲ˡ
սսıҶٺǰߣԿʱĽų̶ȡ
ܹôۼ½ȥ޳鷳İ
֮޳ʧӰˣȻҹһֱ޳ȥִʦίɵΪӦţڲԹɫԻܹҹ֪ǲǸԣ
ǰһǸɱ񰡣Լҹǿ޳ûɢôΥħͷأ
Ψ½ĻǴӵԣ½Ļʱù½
⡭ʦ֣⻶ϲڷɿлɴ󣿡ȻսսҶٺȷʵ˿ɡ

Ҷٺ֪Լ¶ţѾԶɵԿ˶ˣҶٺȴǲ壬⵨Сųԣ仰ܰƽˡ
ֻҶٺЦùԣ˵Сֵܣ֪Ķ̫ˣúûشĻúˣл·òã֪ʲôġ
ǡʦֽѵǣ
ɫˢһ÷ףǰ⡰½ԭǼٰģ


131 
æڵϣסߵͷĵ˵Ļ˰
Ҷٺĵͷ˵Ȼų󣬲ȴмС߾ȱֵҶٺʱ֮ġ
ԣֻҪԼĥܹеΪġ
֮ĵҶٺһЦʦƶǣֱѹڵϣվҲվŵòסġ
ãѾҪѹ֧֮ŲסιȥҶٺȻԶӣԷһ˫ֿ۾ԣ֣ص˵ԸԺűô
ֻܳʹȻҶٺĵҶٺһ˫ϵ۾
ڲԹɫȻԿ½ʱֳǷĵˡ
м˶ôãжʱжͲ֪롣
⣬⡭Ժ͸ˣˣ
৵һҪڵϣȴǱҶٺһץҶٺԵı֣֪ıշˡ
ʦ֣Ҹ
ǰʵȻһλ׵ĹӸ磬ﻹзżҶٺʱӡ
ҶٺĸһпȥôȻһ㶼ڽһɵľٶ
Ҷٺж˵൱ٶ⻶ϲڷɵĻɴڸҶٺ
ȷʱû˰أҶٺԴ
ǵģûʲôֵģϾ£ǾġѾʮûˣƽˮһ㣬˭ŸأԺ˵
Ҷٺ̾Ϣ˵վûɡ
Ҷٺڵķϵͳ⻶ϲڵķ֮𰡣
ڵɽţÿն߾ĵʱػ
ڵΧ֮ڣʱ߲֪ƣѲţ˵ЩڰĳԼֲĻɴˣ
һҽȥδ̫ΣˣҪͻȻʦܰˣҶٺҡҡͷ˵
վҶٺǰ棬Ŀ˸˵ôõʱ̵СܰΣϴȥҰ
ǰԶҶٺǰ⻶ϲڷɵˣǻɴ۾ڵ¯֮£
ҶٺԵʾǼӿŲѾߵĴǰˡ
ʱѾɽʱˣϲڵĵǴŶȥϢˣΧһƬž
ų۹ȥһƬƸ߹ɫм䣬һһ˸ߵͭϿŮϷ֮龰
йһǰĻϲ֥ӣϲڽǧǿߣֻ˶̶̰ΪĴ
֥֮ߴʮף˹ɫòˣ£ʴƮ裬ٲȻ·Ů
һ˫ȱ۾еˣҶٺִ֥ƺע
ô
ҶٺԴѯʵԣԻͷ˫֣Ҫһл¯ɷɻң
ͽҪʲô
Ҷٺкɫиոγɣһѹɢ֮ʱһŭڴƣͬʱһֱ۴ϸĺХųҶٺֱۻȥ
ݡ
âҶٺԱۿҪ䵽ϣͬʱ߷ֱ֮İм۶
Ҷٺ߶ʮһԼᱻʮâеΣգѾ۶ɵĺɫ͵ĳǰ¯ȥһ߳Դ𣬡㵽󣡡
ܣ
܅܅ܣ
ͭҶٺһлը÷ͬʱʮâҲ˿Ҷٺϣ죡
ˣƣѪԳˣ
ҶٺͬһƤĺâƤʹ̧ʹһŭХһ׻Ǹߴʮ׵Ĵڰз˻죡
ҶٺѪԼõźţֻҪ⻶ϲڵķɵ˶ң㼴ж


132 ֮
ǣǧѪսʿڷӿϲڣҪϲڵɱֲ
ʦȥɣ
Ҷٺӡơ󹥻ǿ似ǰȥͬʱڿзڵĻҲתߺݺҧȥ
ͽȥɣ
һƮͬҶٺԵߣһҹġӰ
ߣ֮飬Ҳԣ
Ҷٺƺߣһֽ߹Եһ⣬űһȭֱӴߵؿ֮ϣһͷѵ
ۡ
߱Ҷٺһȭؿڣ͵³һѪ𣬡ȥǲĶ֣
󣿣
ҶٺգвãҪȥɱһˣȴǱǰǱ˵סˣ
˵ʱ٣ʱ죬һѾߵ˴ǰ棬һŮ֮£
Ϣ
ҶٺһߵĹһָǿеĻǰ߳ȥҪһڻ֥ӵ
ãǲǻɴۣ
ԱĴУҪȥֹѾվǰߣ
һѾˣԸոն֮ʱǻĻ滹ʮ׾絽֮ʱԭ鰲۾ͻȻţ
麣죡
ԷУʦ֣һҪҳ۰
ҶٺвãʱоתߵԼѾӰ
ۣҶٺŷԼվڻϲڵĴУһƬ֣һȫǰɫĵط
⣬ǡ
Ҷٺͫ͵ķŴǰУһϡ߳ǡغģ
ֻغ¶ȻѵЦݣһľȣⲽҶٺŵҶٺסˡ
ʦʦ
ҶٺãȻﲻ϶Լ˵ĹغģغѾԼɱˣҶٺԽԽãҪȫþˣ
Ҷٺҵĺͽ
غҪҶٺͷϣǹغĵ֣Ҷٺӡǿ֣ӨԲɢŵ
ٿϣҲûǿȥޱȵ
ҶٺҪĲôһͨͽһʦô
غĵҶٺĺڷ֮ϣǸо˵ʵ
Ҷٺãˣõһֻʵڵְ
ٿ֮£ΧһƬĳת˲һɽˮǰĹ
Ҷٺ·ٴγһ߰СڹغĵĽ̵֮£ɳ
ûͬŵӵĲͼʣһжôȻôƽֿ־̾궼Ҷٺ֪
֮ţ߾硢ʦٿʱҶٺڡ½ݺأѾһǧͷˣ

ͬһĻĻϲڷɵɽ֮ţǧؤİھվԭأͣϱȴ൱죡
ǻ麣ãʵ죬ֻҪһ˿ҪܵӰ죬鰧Թõоݽ߶
ֻϲУ֮ˣֻϲ֮ˣǻϲڵĵӣȫڻþУ
ҪôͻƻҪôڻĬĬȥҪôȵڵĸصϲڽ
ˣ
ˣ
ؤİѾֱֱĵڵˣնȻȴЦЦı飬ȥǳ
˴ǰϲڵؤڣ󲿷ֶʵȺķˣܹߵǿأ
һʱȥѾʮؤİڵȥˣ
ٿҶٺʱͣǸƻõľУ԰Σ
Ҷٺľ൱ǿȴڻĥ֮£˥ݽ߶ֻյ飡
ǶҶٺľĿ飡麣죬·ĽķŴ֮ᵱв԰Σ
ɱԼʦһֱҶٺĽᣬûбֳ״ȴʱ޿̲ǴڶԼ𱸵У


133 ׼
þУʱҶٺѾһƮƮİ׷ߣԼĶУڳڣ
غһվҶٺߣ䵱ҶٺĻߡ
ͽڵʱҪ򲻿а⣡غҶٺ
ڳڣ
Ҷٺʱ͵һ飬ûиܵһ˿Ĳ
ҶٺһЦȻ۾ǻһĹעĹغġ
һжҵʶĸ֪ѣ
Ҷٺԭãʼ
ٿǰʲôǰ׷ԲԵĹغģѾͬҫıһ㣬ɿڻ
תۼ䣬ҶٺѾٴվݶ˸ĻϲڴУ
ջصеҶٺһ۾ԵʦԻڻþв԰Σдϲԭ⻶ϲڵĻɴǲֵҵģ
ҶٺӰһ㵽ԵԣȻƴҡȴû˿á鿴֮£ȵķԵľУ
Ҫץʱˣ
Ҷٺҧҧ˵йâһʦѾ촦ˣ
ҶٺҪµġѪ֮ǰϲڵĵӸϾɱٽȥſԽؤǧڣ
ȻҶٺո̤ϲڵţ΢΢һ㶣һӰԣ˵ܰô
ܰȻ˻þеҶٺϽһ˿עڣֱŷܰԺУҪŷܰڻþоȳ
ŷܰȻ⣬ֻһͨ˰ܹܵס߶Կǿ
Ҷٺľŷܰǿ٣˲ͷŷܰ΢΢ľԼľƽŷܰľ
ãҶٺɫףΪ˽ŷܰӻþнȳǸ˲پǿټİ
ҶٺŷܰѾɲ԰ױúɫЦˡ
ŷܰĽë˫˵۾ŷҶٺŷܰæվֱӣ˫ͨ죬ȥͬһ͸ƻ
ֻһɬ˵ٺңôˣ
Ҷٺ˫һգʶԼΪһ˫Ҳ֪÷òε˵˻ϲڵĻˣҸոڰѹ
ŷܰлתͷҶٺ־ǰȥһż˵ǿȥ˰Ҫ˿ɾˣ
ҶٺͬûйͷСֵĴУоȴȻŷܰЩؤİȥ
ȻҶٺѾһʦϾһδ꣬ľδԵò㣬رڸһ棬һСһ㵥
ʱŷֵܰҶٺʱ֪ˡ
ৣˢˢҶٺ䣬ǽϲڵĵӴûҷ𣡲ʱҶٺѾϲϰٵӿɱˡ
ϧУҶٺһǣŷ֣ܰһִڵѪĽ⽣Ľ£ʮ߻ϲߵʬ徲ڵϡ
ҶٺŷܰѪȵĳҶٺͷҪһͨŷܰ߳

ŷܰһʧеͻȻһʬҪڵϣ
Ҷٺŷ֣ܰ¼бʷæֽסŷܰϸ


Ҷٺͨ죬ʱ·ܹŷܰٵĺˣ˴ʱѾҪһˡ
ҶٺĲˣΣŽߵŷָܰƵķһ˫ʺ·ܵγˮ촽ǰС˾Ȼ۾Ҳ΢΢ˡ
Ҷٺ૵Ѿŷܰ촽
ˡ
ɲǼ䣬׳٣ʬ֮ϣҶٺŷܰΧȫ磬ֻʣ½ߵĶԷ
Ҷٺ۾ŷܰ˵ĿɰЦһڣȴͻȻ˵ϱʬ壡


134 ټ
⡭Ҷٺ󱳷һ⣬͵վ˵㲻ŷܰ
ҶٺԺͻȻһ棬ŷܰڽǰŹЩؤŷܰս֮ϼʬսսĻֱ̿顣
Ҷٺٿǰһŷܰ
ⲻеˣǼٵģһжǼٵģ
Ҷٺ͵ķųʮŻ棬ΧһͳͳΪɻң
麣죬󷨵һε
Ҷٺȫڻ浱˻ġŷܰ˵
Ҫǡŷܰ¶һ˿Ҫгˣ
ֻҪһ˿ͽܵӰ죡
Ҷٺ󳹴ǰĳѾٴλԭ⻶ϲڷɵˣ
һпôʵһжܻһҶٺѾصʵУȻͣõУ
ҶٺڴУǸ߸ϣòȻ֥ӵҲ¶һƵ΢Ц
ֻҶٺ˫ֺʮ峺飬ʱľ
ֻҪĲܹӰ쵽ֻҪ㹻ᶨܹƺ쳾ɲǼ䣬Ҷٺľֱͬܶϣ
ҶٺΪٶȹ죬һֱûлĥľľֻͣ߾ھŲ㡣
ȻƾŽյһҶٺľɱ䣬ֱӳ߾絽ʦƿֱʦڵľ磡
ʱҶٺһǰȽϣյͷ·һâ¶ıľɱâȴ˲٣ȥʢˣ·ֻһͨĽһ㣬ȴܹܵõ̺
Ҷٺ۾ǰϤϤŮ񣬲Ҷٺȴ֪Ѿصʵˣ
Ҷٺֽӡһǰʵɽ˲γɣ顱һ۾Ž֥֮ϣ÷飡

һƬãԹֽһצĳѾ˵̨ǰʦȥȴǸպתһ˳ȥ
ԣģ
ҶٺЦһųȴǸҶսһʦҶٺôЦѣ
飡
ҶٺЦָ֮࣬ǻڰеɽ͵һɨ̨ǰʦԱԸٶȵɳȥֱײǽ֮ˣ
һҲѾת˵ʱ˲٣ʵͺԲ˶٣Ҷٺһȭϱҷɢˣ
ͬһʱ䣬⻶ϲڷڵİɽ֮ϣɱҰѾѹĻϲڵӺǧؤƴɱ
⻶ϲڵķɵӾͲֻ࣬а˰ٶˣͬɱһ㲫ɱηǧѪҲֻճˣ
ǰ棡
ҶٺڿУֳֽ⽣ͬվڿеĿԵɴ۾ǰɢɱľӣ𺳲ѣ
ӣɰԵƥɱҲҪְɣ۹ȥߵİ
ǧѪɢҵķֲڸ䣬ͻϲڵĵӵ
Ȼϲڵߣȴʤ࣡ҲҪĹ⣡ҲܽȻҲʧ˲پӢڡ
ʱҶٺ֮£ǧѪ·۳һѪɫĳµİٶϲڵ߳ȥʱ޺죡
󵨿ͽϮһϲڣ
ڴʱһѷŭޱȵŵһƬޱȣɢǿƵǣҹ
ˣ
Ҷٺɫһ䣬⻶ϲڷɵҪˣ
Ҷٺ˵˲佫ֻغͻƬǵǰ˲䱬һͬ貵İ׹⣡
ꡭ
ͬ̿ˮһ㣬ǿȫһڰ׹֮£֣Ȼȴͻ˰׹⣬ֱӳǧؤڳȥ
ǿһ֮ҪǺʵβǧϣҪˣ
ƣֻأ𣡡
Ҷٺˣ϶ʱòѵף˲嵽ǧؤڵͷ֮ϣҪӲ֮һ


135 Ѫ
䡭
ƬɲǼ佫Ҷٺûը׹Ⱪ𣬴һɳȵҲ·΢΢
Ҷϡ
ѪһŭХѣɱ·Ѿʵˣ
ٿҶٺǰӢˬģͬ̿ϻðẓ́ѪԱ̧ϣ֪
ɱɱɱΪҶϱ𣡡
Ѫǧʿ·ͻȻҡһ䣬ǧͷѪǣ
ҹھѪϰԶİУȴǱѪǧʿͻȻĳɱ̵Ƥۣ
˵֮д󲿷ֶֻ已̥ǿӵǧˣʶҪΪ֮Ĵڣ
ǱͶʦҶٺвмǽ죬·ɱĳȴΪǵסڵıɱһ
ʱҪ³ҪԱв֮ġƩҶٺǻϣѪػҳϣ
ɱ
ǧʿгֱָ֮ϵҹƶ죬Ѫסǳҹȥ
ߡǧҲҲ񣡡
ҹߣһ죬ϰٿǣɱӿͬѪһѪȥ
ҹǧෲ˲ǿһɱİ裬ֻҪͻɱɱǻһ򵥣
ҹҪʧˣӶȺ֮Ƴȥ֮ʱһѪХųȥͬжһֱӽײ쳯ҹҧȥ
ʲô
ҹһæǳϣǳһ㣬ȴǱɱ۶ɵĺһ¶ӵУ
ʱһһŮԵЦԶ
ҹҪȥʮˣǧСҲܽô
䣬һһӰͬһԶת˲ŽҹûɱԱߡ
һԼһϵĹӣһ֧ȣʣµһŸйԲӣ۾飬ˮתһһԲ֮ˡ
⻶ϲڷɵϧ
ҪֽɱɢȥһӰʹɱԾһҹ
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ҹ˵̤գվϧ֮䣬ŵϵǧϣ
סǲҹĵôôȺߵĶˣ
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ԱŵɫҹƽЩǲͷζϧЦ
ҹȻѳˣҲֻһСආϧĳ½ɾͺñˣǰɱҹڵӣմ˹һϲڣϧҪСİСĸ챻Ĺεĳ½ɱ˰
ϧɫһ䣬˳ҹȥѪеһڵ壬ʧеǳ½
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ҹҧгݵ˵޲ýϧ˺룡
˶
ϧһ˵㳯ǧؤڳȥƬƬ컨ȻѪڵѪȥ
СӣһǱⱲʧ󣡾ȻĹεĶϲڣҪ⻶ϲڷĸȥ
ϧԹڻϲڵĴ룬תۼ䣬֮һ㣬ͻ˱ҵɱҪɱҶٺǰֻҪһ־ܽ˯еҶٺɱ
Щϲڵĵɱˣ
۾ڻԵеҶٺȻһ϶ʱһŷֽƮƮķɵյУ
ţҶٺȥ·ֳһûϢһ㡣
ɱɱɱ
ҶٺȻѪˣ˼Ѫһܲѣʱʿǣ·ǧͷǣ˽޴ȺУɱתۼ㽫ʮϲڵĵû


136 Ի
ԼϲڵλĵǣѾ˿ΪԼѾȫˣϵǧħתǹͷʵǿϹ֣ǣʱ䣬Ұ
˵ǱѾצҪס˵ġ½ĺϧͻȻҶٺ˦еǵֽʱŵûɢ
ֽ̺Թƶڵı׼ˣ
˵ҲǸͣϰϹˣõҶٺӵǿĹʱȫûаǸֻǰĹƤ֮˰
飡
һ貽Ⱪֱֱĺϧؿ֮ϣ
ģڣҺҼʱԼ˸ҪҪСӸ
ʱϧ˫ָǰ˸ˣϧǰп࣬ǵͻĹǽֱԲѣ
Ȼͳһһ͵Ϯϧסڰйսȴŵô͵ʧʮϢ֮ڣѪѾϲڵĵɱֻʣһˣ
ҹĿ࣬ɱˣˮһһ㡣
֮䣬ѪŽ۾Ѫ״Ķħ
ҲѹҹģϾɽ֮мɳѪȣܹᵽǧʿʱܹ֮˷ɱĴأ
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𡭡ɱˡ
ҹ૵ʶԼ˵⻰Ҳֹʲôҹɴ಻˵ˡ
ͣ£ͣ£
վѪǰʱ̾ſеҹԣһյʦҹĿ͵֧飬һ
ųҲ֪ɫĺ
ৡ
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Կָڶ鵱˳ϵı齩ӲޱȣȴҪװһޱȵı飬ʵĺѾһƬ亹ˡ
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鲻סԹĳ棡
ǰʱıȻΪıΥԼʵʦ
ǰϧֻǰ״ҲڰյУŴʱӢǷ˵ԡ
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ҹ֮ʱĽĥ൱ˣ֥ӳǰ˵ҪԽˡ
ͽ
ҹ˼׵Ժ󣬺üŭվڵϰȻͦԣҪνˣ㵨ѳһϲڣ͵źȺһµɣҹһʹ죡
ЦƺҹĻЦһ㣬˫٣Цѡ
ãԲŵҹ˵ǾԼбǮּۻ۵𣿣
󵨿ͽ
ϧŭˣջڻϲڶҡͷβͺëվȻҲҶҷͣ
ϧ˲һź⣬ҪԴûҷ
Ҳһϧָ߾٣΢Ц˵Ѫ׼£ڽϲڵӾɱ
ϲʣİԵĻһǻͽĴԹޣʱȴҲ˲ˣƴģ
ԡ㰡ŹҰɣ޹İյ֮ͬ飬ŹҰɣһõ߼ĺ
԰ҸţŹҰɣ
ʦҪǲ
ǰ
ʱ䣬޺Ұ
ԭĻϲڷ߰˰˴ʱѾֻʣ°ˣҪٱȺɱһᣬҪˣ
ҹĿ˸ɫ壬˵Ҫʲô
аЦ˵𾴵ʦҪ˵ôʲôҪҪģֲǿ˵ǰɣ


137 ͻȻ
ҹ챻ˣǲǿ
ǿûôѪȣһҪ˱
ҹû˵ԻһЦ֪ǵᵽˣ˵
Ҫλ¸صĸһŵ̤ϲ֮ǲ׷ǽ֮٣
ҹ˵ôǿ⻶ϲڷļͽ
ҪȺٽ˸Ͼɱ˵ڵΪȴҪΪ˾˰
дԲ֮ҹ΢΢̾˿ԭȥֵ׳·ͻȻ˥ʮһ㣬Ҳְ˿ˡ
ðɣ߰ɣպٸҽһϲڣϼһƴҲҪµ
ҹԵס˵˵ͷתȥֻһջӰ
ǣ뵽ǻϲڵõʲô
ϧ˵ȺߵĿĴ൱ǡ
͵ѵֻΪһϲڼӣȥ⻶ϲڷɵĸ

һʱ֮Ҷٺػؽ·ϡ
ʱΪѾָˣֻҪǺеĵʱûȥҶٺǿ޸֮£ȻѸٻָģ
ģԣҪʱ˳ݼ㣬ǿܶѾɥϲˣ
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Цֻ֪ʱҪֻ֪ϹֲſԻŲƴ߳أ
˵ףԻһʵĵС
ǧԭؤİڣѾڴɽС뵱УΪ㣬½½ڷ;ˡ
ԭǵؤǣ似൱ɫɽľԵǰС
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ȣڻеǵõ˾ĶǶЩδ߾Ĵ󲿷ְڻѾ̤֮·˵Īĺô
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һ·޻ҶٺѾڿзʮӣֻҪٷʮӾͿԵˡ
Ҷٺ൱˷ܣص֮Ϳϴ裬ϱҹٻǴýڵƤ
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ͻȻԵһѴҶٺ˼·
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ִ磬Χպе죡Ҳ̫˰ɣ
Ҷٺϸϸ鿴֮£ķ⴦ططĲ֮ͬϸ΢Ĳ죬ҪԲἰڶʱڻ޷֣
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еģֻǱ΢ḧʱҶġɳɳ
Ѫζ
һ΢紵Ҷٺü˵ѪģѪ
Դ󾪣ʱ֪зǶϹֻĲ
ֻԾŵϴҪ˵ȴǻҵһͷ¿Уеȥ
ȡҡ
ԴҪٻҶٺסȴͻȻһĺ

ͻıʣҶٺûʱ䷴ӦҪ·ȥסԵͻȻһӰµ·ԾͱԼٶˣ
ԣ
Ҷٺŭ𣬳ԼٶܵĺӰ׷ȥһߴ𣬡ܣ
ҶٺҪʹŭХȻüͷȴ͵һ壬ǰǽԹߵӰ֮ǺɫģΪҶٺϵ
ʬ
Ҷٺ֣ᵽǺӰɢľҸζжϳǺӰһͷʬ
ʱʬץеƴ˵ҲħˣۼЩĳªĹأ
ʱܽӴɫ࣬ǿҪÿ޳ˣ


138 ʮż
ԣ
ҶٺԴҲֻԴʬѳ֣ҶٺܹȥӪȳ
ҶٺʾûҶٺĻ˹ĺ
ϴװϴ󣡿ҰҲ򰡣һʬ
ҶٺʱٶѾǼˣʦ֮ٶʱѾڽ̺ͷץסʬľˣ
ԵĻҶٺͫһʬһʬ¾Ȼɥ׵ڼʬ
һʬɳܴ֮Ѫȵǧʬɣˣഫйͨڤ֮ܣǿ
ʬܽڤ֮Ϊã߼ľ֮ʱǿʬ֤գڤ磬ɾʬʬħ
ɣ
ҶٺʱѾǺӰˣһдһâҪǺӰȥ
ȻҶٺâҪһʬʱҶٺĽŵ֮¶Ȼеһ⣡Σ飡
˵ʱ٣ʱ죬ҶٺӦ֮ʱһâһӽ´ֵдĿ˻ҶٺĽ£
Сƣ
ҶٺŭһһâǺâֱȥ
䡭
ڵĵͳԼϲҹʩչĹεǿǵâһӴâˮһڻˣ
ܣ
ҶٺŭһâɵֵסһͷֵУҪѰڴֵϮˣȴֻľӰҲһ
⡭
ҶٺмУϮ֮˵֮൱ɭֵ߾ȻҲûз㼣Ҳ£
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ʱͻȻֵĺâ谭һ˲ǰһʬԵӰ
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ҶٺЦһʬȻڿеЩ̳ȥķ򼲳۶ȥ
һ·ϣҶٺ֮ɽ֮жǼžһƬûаԡһƬţľʧȥԭеУҶȾ˺ɫ
Ũʬ
Ҷٺ͵Ĵһ磬ʬζʵ̫ˣеҶٺ൱ܡ
ҶٺֻŵЩʬɢЩʬѾˣǱһʬմʬͬ־Ĳҿ֪ˣ
ͬһʱ䣬ҶٺǰﴦһеҲ˻˵ӳƮ裬ڿͽ͵ģȻûȴڿмšԣһɫģӰ
ʬ磬ҪȥﰡһؼҰһ󳵣ʮ԰
ǸƮ裬еĵʱʬɢͬζʬǺñǱһʬմߵԣ
ʱԣѾһʬһƬݲĺ֮ϣǺ¿ȥͨޱȣȻһ壬ʲôߡ
Ȼһʬȴʯ֮Ϸ˼ʱѾһɢİƻټѨˣ
Ҷ磬Ҷϴ󣡿ҰٲϹôһ¸ЧСܾҪЩˣ
ԻⶴѨеʬ൱ŨңֱΪԼҪϢȥˣһžʯ͵͵ԸҶٺʾ
ܣ
ˤڵϵԱݺڵϷ۾ɵϴµԣ˵㣬ǡ
ԣȻʮ˸ɫͣɫ̵࣬ߣҲзˣ
ʬץһ˰
һͬҹһʯƣͬʱµĿӴһĶѨ˳ⲽֵԣ˫ǵ۾
㡭ǡ
ԲŸüһУͻȻתתۼѾͬΧʮ˸żһ㣬¶ã
ˣץһżǾͿٴμʬǵСʦǿʵˣ


139 ʬ֮
ɫתΧĺɽˮѾҹɫΪһ壬޷ֱ˴ˡ
˵ҹǲʳĴʱȻƬɭȴһƬţһƬء˿˿ƵĻɫʬںҹڣעĿ
Ѿ˯ĵطһӰĴҷ裬·ԵںѰʲôʱֵƬصĳš
ͷһʬԹյȥˣӦط˰
ںҹѲɻ˵Ҷٺ
ҶٺѾƬ֮ǻ˺üʱˣȻȴûз˿һʬëҲûм
ʱ֮ǰҶٺѾ׷ʬɢ׷ѰƬµ£ȻطѾʧ٣Ҷٺ׷پʹֹ
ޣط˴ĵط
ҶٺֱЩںҹֳƳγεԭɫʬǺôһ硣
ûٻӪǸŸոշСӣǸʱԱץѾ߸ʱˣҵʱѾеֻʣһѹͷ˰ɣ
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½⽣Х𣬳ҶٺֵĲͬѰ֮ɶȥ
ҶٺὫǵһʯ֮ϵķ⾧ʰһľʯ
⡭
Ҷٺ㶣еľʯ뻳УǰһǰԶȻֳһͬķ⾧壡
ôأ
Ҷٺɻǰ⾳ȥ൱죬žʯӶĳһӦóʹõľʯĵطҶٺ֪룬Ի˵źţֻ֮˵ı
Ҷٺüëһǳ嵽ǵڶžʯǰͻȻַǰԶ˵žʯ
ҶٺһᣬˣӪԵΨһȴһ˵
еɵľʯĳЩڷŶɵġ
Ҷٺ߶ʮһڵϵľʯָʾ˼ڣҵһҹɫ֮൱õС
Ҷٺ˵ȻΣæ⽣УһֻҲԴ׼ʱ
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ʹڵǱ֮Ҷٺͬһֻҹɫ֮»ǰеԱ
оȴȻһ˿֮ĻҶٺɱγɵɱ֮
ǰĶѨһƬѨСѨСѨֹͨѨȥģ൱
𲻶Χ̹ǵĺԼĺĺڰϢľȼգȴǸⶴѨȺȾֹ졣
Ҷٺ׼̽ʬѵʱǰԶͻȻͻأߵ̸Ҷٺ̲䵽ʯڵһʯ֮Ϣ˲佫ϢԷ֡
ʦ˵ʬɷץżˣ֮ЩǾͿӵԼʬ˰
һӿҶٺøʵˡ
Щø֮˼ɵʬվСԺЩȥʮϰʬȽϣЩʲôգʵǿˣԼȥѰʬ
ʱһưǷм˵˵䣬ѾҶٺĺʯˣ
ôʬɷĽɾҪ˰ǺĴЦ
ͳڣ
ҶٺкһѾӺʯ֮ǰŲգ۵Ĺͽһһȭɱˣ
ܣ
ʬءһתͷͻȻոջںԼ˵ͬѾѪУʱþҪ󺰾
ҶٺԸ糤ץסߵĲӣᵽ˰յУ߿͸
šſң
߱Ҷٺɫ࣬˺ôľŴӺＷ֣ڿ


140 ҵ
Ҷٺ䣬ض¶ȻҪֻͣ˫۳ҧ˵
˵ǽЩץôˣ
ȡȡ
Ҷٺͬһ㡰飡ڵϣһŲħߵؿڣ˵
ʲôˣΪʲôץˣôˣ
߱Ҷٺһڵϣ͵˿ѪŵҶٺд˿־壡
ֻͷҡĺңʲôҲ֪Ұɣ
ҶٺǽµӴ󼸷֣ʱ𣬿ߵعǷϵˡ
ʬɷһǧӣʬ챻ץʬżӵĵʮŶѨĴأҪذ
գҶٺһħһҽУؿڶ˽ȥʹ鶼ͻˣۿǻ˵ˣ
ħߣ
Ҷٺһ仰ͻȻͬȻû߿еĴǱȥһлɢųѪĹâʬ塣
Ҷٺ֪ǣɱҪϾɱʱ򣬽ʬɷеı־ӡϣ
ǿͬʬɷʬ֮ڰ֮ڸӦִڵӡǰ
ֻҪӵӡǣܹʬڰڸӦҸɱ֮
Ϊʬ֮ĹͬԼа׵Щʬޣ
ʱʬɷһźӰڻζ
ͻȻһƺߴӺӰдţһʬɷصʬʬʮŶѨߣٽɱ
䣬ڵϵĺӰһͬ𣬡ǡ
ûʶԼѾֵҶٺʬɷڵɭнС΢Ǳš
ҹʬɷڵѾعԼסҶٺ൱ɵľڵʮŶѨеʮŶѨ֮ǰ
ҶٺèӣʯͬһʮŶѨڱϣþǵʮŶѨпӡ
֮һ˿໥ڿз裬ռټĶѨ
ϸ£ԷЩ˿Ǵһ׵ĺڶƮģͬԨĵضͻأĳʮŶѨУԵ൱졣
Ҷٺܹͬͨĺڶвʱġ๾ࡱĹˮݱѵ
˵Ĵ˰ɣ
Ҷٺв²΢ȴִصûʬɷĻ֮ͬһ̣Ǵ˽ȥ
ԣ
߽ǵʮŶѨҶٺһ۾һȺ˶һԣæܵԵԣҪȥȴǷζҲûκηӦ
ԣôˣ
ҶٺץԵļż۾
ʱҶٺļٰΪ˾ȳƭı˸࣬Ȼ̶ѨҪȳ
ȻʱѾҪԾȳˣȴǷͬһľͷһ˳մˣҶٺԲż
⡭ô£
ҶٺתͷڷʮŸ˶һ͵ĹŹֱ飬Ǳƻˣ
ҶٺŭһԵϣԭ׻һӡԻûзӦҶٺ˵Կڼ֮ϾҪܣ૵
ҹǻҵСܾͱЩĿУ
ʱһȥֻʮСӽһʮ˿ڼ֮ϣƴⱼܣⳡ˿˲զࡣ
ûô˳Ҷٺ̤Ǵصʱ˷ʱļЦͬʱӰͬʱҶٺ֮£ƾճҶٺǰ
ôȻˣô͸°ɣ
һ۵˵
Ҷٺ̩ȻǰͻȻֵĺˣ˿ǷС
ǲŸһ֣ҶٺѾǲʦڵߡҶٺڵϹﶼҿˣʦʬô


141 мս
ǰԼģ˲ˣڻЩͨ˺ˮǺİ
ҶٺὫججԷһԣֱ㽫⽣ץУ
ߣһССʦߣҲҵʬɷҰɣ
һ¶аЦݣ־ڹ⣬ҶٺХȥ
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Ҷٺн⽣һ֣Ǻһལ׽ڹ÷飬˲ŭЦͬĺâҶٺȥǶȵޱȣ
ֻһ߹һ˵֮ûʸ֪ҵ֣
âͬХڿл켣ҶٺͬĲλȥȻҶٺȴȻΣ壬ֱӽ⽣ֻͬƽƣõˮ©
ԡ
һ죬Ʊ˵ĺâѣ
ҶٺһеóѣЦһֱǹĺ˹ɱȥ
СǿʼղʬɷϹɱ֮棡
һȵдڹ⣬˹ɱҶٺսŵУ
ʱ䣬â죡
ʦߴľ޴󶯾öѨһҡΣʬɷڵӶϤˣ
Ҷٺںâ籩УȻһ˫Ⱦɽɫùâ࣡
ǾôһСôȭ
ҶٺŭХ˲ͬһӺâ籩˳һֻǹ˸ֺݺݵĺһϣ
ࣣ
ͷѵǱҶٺ沿ĺˡ䡱һڵϣʣµһ˵
ˣʦڵΪȻһʦڵУһһɱ
ʬ
ʣµһŭҰޣֻ˫۳죬ԹҶٺһһֵ˵
ϧʬԼʬûмˣϧôҰ㱨ɣ
˵䣬һҶٺѾμѪں˵˫֮γɣһɿֲѹʱɢ
һʬʳɣ
˿вͣŲ֪ļģʯлƣ
ʬһʬˣ찡СкεͣƵʬһʬ
ʱѾʬɷĵӸһʱ㿴񱩵еʬҪһʬ
𡭡
һʬδѪ߳ѪĺѾӶдӴޱߵѹǰսѹ֣
ߣʬаһͷɱһͷͷɱһ˫
ҶٺЦһ׷粽ȣѾͬȰѪ֮ǰֱȭͷ԰֮ƳѪȥ
ɱģĳ֪Сʬɱ
ҶٺڮʬɷߣǷ߿ѣָҶٺŭ
飡
ҶٺԽп࣬ȻѪҵҪˣȻȴܣȭͷͬڼƷʯ֮һ㣬Բѣ
ʬߣ˫ֲͣ裬ָѪеһʬʵ
Ϊô֪Сצ
ʬָצһкڻģҶٺĺȥ
ҶٺеһɨһлƳǡôʬ֮ϣ׼ʬյҲˡ
ȻʬĹȴûоʹֹͣͬݹһָƣХ𣬴糯Ҷٺĺץȥ
׺ޱȵһҪǴʵˣҶٺҪץһƬ
һйצȷϬޱȣ
ҶٺƺߣʬһйצƵòòתȭǳÿһȭ·𰵺һ֮
ˡ
ʱ䣬Ѿϰٻغϣÿһν棬ÿһν棬н֮
⣬Сʲôˣʵ죡ɻʦڰȻʦڵʬѹס
ʮŶѨУѾʮվҿǾѾõʦֺҶٺĴ򶷡
ǿˣʬʦ־ƾŸʵͺ൱ˣοʬҪǿһʬҶٺʬѷѽ⣬˱㲻м
ˣ쿴СҪûˣ
ԣҶٺʬ򶷵ĵطǲɵõһ


142 ʦ
ҶٺѾõˮ죬ÿÿǳ֮ʬðпࡣȻȴͻȻһ⣬ʱ

Ҷٺŭ͵Ĵһֻʬϣ͵Ĵ˳ȥڵ֮ϲסĴŴ
һʬ
Ҷٺ۾죬ĵȻڰŵѪٿҶٺĺ󱳣ȻһڵźѪצӡ
ʱѪѾҶٺʬ򶷵ʱ򣬱ǶеһʬȻſˣ
Ҷٺʬ򶷷ʱһʬѾһצץҶٺĺ󱳣˺һƬƤ⣡
𡭡
һʬڣֻ۾Ѫޱȣ·ҪѪһ㣡
ϵƤȻ൱ԿʬƤ֮ȻŵĵżԼʮצʾӵеϵĹ
𡭡
һʬǴһŸվڵѾһӰѾһԾŵҶٺ˹ȥ
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ҶٺԽп࣬һʬƤ൱ӲŽһҶٺ˫Ѿѣ
һʬɣ޼᲻𣿺һʬһȣᷢԼǶһ
ʬЦѣнӡָһʬҶٺɱȥһָǷҪ͵ϮѾսҶٺ
ҶٺһûһʬĹΧжʱγһֻأһʬȥͬʱʹһнƣ̩ɽѹ֮Ƴʬɱ
ܣ
ڰɫֻ˿һʬؿڣʱһɫⱬһʬؿҳһȭͷѪ
һߣ谭סʬ͵³һںѪʬⴴķɣ

ҶٺЦγźڰ׹ţһʬ
ʬܵɵҶٺֻҪһʬشʬȻ޷в
ۡ
ʬſ³һںѪһŵ˵ôᣬôܣһʬô׵ıش
ʱҶٺоźӰɹ˲嵽ǾҪźڰɫеһʬԡ
ʱ䣬һɨڿбը
ʬһ˼ҳ˰һʬСҪˣˣ˴󺧵
ƽϢһʬѾվһʬʬɷӿ˵ʬһƵһʬ
ǿ
ʬһ¶ЦƽؿڵӿͬʱҶٺСֻءʱѾ˲ˣ
ȻʬһȴЦĿͽҵʬɷң
˵ţʬһѾͬŴʬԼͷһʬҶٺɱȥ
ʱ䣬ɽҡضʯǿҡ֮±òסĵʯˣ
üһĸʦڣ
Ҷٺнп࣬ػͬʱʹþɱʱѾû㹻ĸʦڵˡ
ҶٺЦ׷粽ʱͬκ˵еһҶۣʬһʬԼͷʬ籩Ĺ֮´̩֮Ȼ
ˣүүҲˣټ
ҶٺȻЦͻȻһ׹⣬嵽ڽԣһѽ̧㳯ʮŶѨȥһ·ֱ£
׷ʬ
ʬһȵʬͷ㳯ѾԶȥҶٺ׷ȥ
ʬһЩͨʬɷ૵
ҪȥôѾҪʱ˰ƺҪ˰

һᣬһӴ֮ҶٺѾ׷˺һξˡʱȴͻȻͣǰ˿Һ
ʬ
ҶٺǰĶѨдŵɭֲĴ֣ͻȻǶѨһҴˣʲôʬ
ǸڳʬĵطʲôµģҶٺһᣬϺЦһ㰺߽ǿȥɭĺڷ·ʲôֵʬ
ҲûʲôǶ˵ס
ҶٺһԼռʬһͷĹײģʬһȴͻȻסˡ


143 Ϊ
ֻҶٺǰĹײģд˲š
ʬУȴǸǶɷ羰\ľײģһľס
ȻҶٺĿ£ϰٸײľȻ˶ƺҪʱǰʱ̻һ
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Ҷٺʹ۾ȴǷЩײĵȷڻĹ켣ƶ
Ҷٺа飬ҹľȻйײԼ
Ҷٺһ˵ӣ̧̧ϵԣԹԵĳǹײȥ
ײģŵҲˣһˣһѻˣ
ҶٺֹţʱѾ̤ǰԶĹײУҪǰߣɲڴ˵ضͣһ׷طҲô
ʬУϰ\ľײںڰУͬҹľ飬ڵϻƶ·ȸԾʲô赸ҶٺĨ˰亹
ľڵƶĦĸO@ʲôڻеǹЦ
O@ڿտʬͣ궯
ô߲ȥѵһֹײ󣿡
ҶٺвãѾϰٹײ֮䲻ͣĴ
ΪЩа˸ߵĹײ޴ҰҲڻƶҶٺһֱǰߣȴһֱֻ߲а׵ľ룡
ҶٺȻڹײĶѵвͣĴͬһĹ֮ϻԾĻ顣
ҶٺѾ൱СĵƹЩͬһ޴ĹײģȴȻǲײƶĹ֮ϣ顱ľ죬Ҷٺл
ͬһʱ䣬ʬһʬʮ׷ѾʬڣȻȴͻȻͣ׷ɱȥ
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ʦ֣Ǹǵż߽ȥˡ
ʬؿ˵ɫȻ԰ײѣǱҶٺ˵òǳ
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ʬһɫҲÿΪһͷһȺСʦܵĿģҹȴֻܺһԼһߴ˸൱˼ҸӽԼҵĽ֮أʲôӿԡ
ʬһʬЩǰֵ߽־ŭ㵸޲óɱȥҶٺ˺ƬȻʱȴǲǰһ
ʬʬɷڲĽ֮ذ
óʬ֮أˣŸָĴ˵š
ҪսȥãҪǵϽȥĻôõŸЩҪϵûʬħʬԵɣ
СӻĸҽطأǻˣǹײĶﻹųô
ҪһҪúûţһȥϰٹײеʬԷγɵԪǴ˸ɵʢ
Ϳ쵽ʱˣǻǸϽؼҰɣطɲ˴İ

˽еţͳʬ򽻵ʬɷӶʬɵѣĹͿ̶ֲȿ֪
ͱڣҶٺѾǿȾĹײĶѵбˣ
ȻѾֻʣʮ׵ľܹܵǸͨһѨĳˣȻЩᷳĹײĶѵȴн֣
ʱѾǰƹ˼׹ײģҹײľͷ·һһбϷҶٺҶٺòת򣬽ײġײġ

ҶٺѾЩ޴ڵĹײƵͷĿѣˡ
ҶٺʱѾо֪ιڻţеһ
ȻⷲклȻҶٺоԼѾҪײĶѵгˣĹײĶѵһӦʦľϰԭ
ڣֻҪҶٺԸ⣬ܹʮϰٸľͷǹײģڳһײƵ󣬽У
Ȼǿ󷨶ҪܹʩչģƩҶٺڵûʵĻαˡ
ҶٺѾ챻ǹײˣʾֻڰƷأ
ͷΣ󷨻˾ǣ
Ҷٺ󺧣ͷһԼԵϣȻ˿˿ƵľԪǵϱߵļײ֮ϣ
ͬ֩˿һľԪҶٺЩ\ף
ЩײħҵľԪɣ
ҶٺͻȻеһͷĿѣĺѣȻǰȴΪ


144 
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ѵЩײĴãɲЩħǧϹֳ
˼ҲԵǸˣҪܹȥ˼һƴ㣿ɵҶٺǲġ
Ҫͻ󷨣ҶٺѾﳢ˺һˣܹʹõķѾñˣȴȻײ޷κΡ
ҶٺֻϰȻĹײУЩħһ˿һƵĳȡԪ

ʬУʱ֪Ĺֽ·ʲôǧЦǹײƶĸO@һһƬ·ΪҶٺ֣֮
ҳȥȻǶ˰
Ҷٺ׵Ĵһڱϰٹ餱Ƶñŭˣ
˭аŵĶϺһ񾭶Ҫܲ˵ġ
ȻҶٺҪٻʱһΧ⣬ǡллˣ
ԭҶٺһ֮£ЩƶеĹײĹȻֹԭһ
ʱ䣬ţǡĹֽҲˣ
ʬУֻʣҶٺһͬһվϰٹײ餵УԵ൱࣡
ЩײĵеʬˡҶٺЦ˵˼ÿ֮ĻҪʯĳȥȻʱ
Ҷٺ̧ŻûأһͬԾĴļڿտʬͻأ𣬽ҶٺֱӴԭأ
⣬ʲô
ҶٺźԭϰٹײĲҪ뿪ڻӭǵĵ
Ǵ̣ڤڻƮ㣬ٹ׳Ƴħʲô
Ʈ飬·Ļ꣬Ҷٺ˲Ϣ͸оԼҲҪżɳ϶ȥˣ
Ҷٺ޲ͷܣ˵ҶٺڸղлֻĿܣôǵȵشڵ֮ʱֻʣôٷ֮һˣ
ȻҶٺܵĻעѾˣ
ûüתʱһѪò֪ʴɵĹ餣·ԽʱͿռҶٺǰʮ׵ĶѨʯ֮ϴ͸
ڻ䣬ƮƵɻڤ֮£һʺѪĹ餴ʯ֮ϴ͸յʬΨһĸ̨Ʈȥư磬󷽶죬۰Ǻͷ緶
ϸ֮£ԼǷ·֮صĺʵ֮£ֻͨڵС֣ĿԷֱ棬Сźյⲽ
ǰһֻ˶Сһ߳׻һǰУƺǺ׵·ˣ
챣ӣҪҪҪ
Ҷٺź˫۵ɵޱȾ޴Ѫ˿Ǽȿ־֮ʱſı֣
ȻҶٺҪʧˣתͷȥ̵Ҳˣƴܣ
ԭ·СŸս̨ԵȻͻȻת򣬳ΨһվŵҶٺƮ
ܹͬԽʱյԼףٶȼ죬ɲǼ㵽Ҷٺǰ״
ҶٺԼǴͷСն۾ԼЦЦǣ
Ҳͷûɱȫңûţû˵㻵׷Ҹ
Ҷٺһźڤ֮Եø
Լ׷ҶٺͻȻһ˵ڵϣ漴ԼѾıϼִߡ˹ȥĺҶٺĺ󱳶ý飬ǸеǺ󱳷·һ˹һ㣬ԵѾˡ
ˣ
ҶٺڵװͻȻǴ̶ڤѾԽԽСʧˣϽ̧ͷ
ԭǹԼѾ֪ʲôʱʧˣԭֻʣϰȻԭصĺڹףԼڵأȻſ־Ҷٺ
ߣǽȥ
ʱʬѾû˶ʬһһ𣬾Ҫʬɷĵ߽ʬҪѰҶٺġ塱
ҡ
ҶٺҪˣڵԾ𣬴ԵԣҪʬĳȥ
ŸͷͻͷǣҶٺƵѪˣ
쿴СƨǱߣ
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ЩûĵĻǽ˼ҵ˲Žǰᵽģ˯˯ð𣿡
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ܲ˰ɣľڶˣټʬһԪʬСӲѰ
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ҪëСҹϮʬɷȻܣʬɷϺδ棿
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Ҷٺܲƶĺڹףڿٵ˼ӦԵĲԡ
ʱҶٺɻڵУ·ţ߸ʮ߻뻢ѨҶٺѾУ
Сӣ㲻ǺôҶһٻغϰ
ѾʬһƿɻʬЦҶٺԣһҶٺؿڣҶٺһͬ߳ףصײһŹײ֮ϣ


146 ľ
һʬΪ㸶۰ɣ
ʬХһӰһʬ
겻ѵһʬһצ˺Ҷٺ۰֮ϣЩͽҶٺж

ҶٺȭһʬϣȴԺֺһʬһצҶٺٴץסſھҪҧȥ
үҲ쭣㻹浱ǲèˣ
ҶٺŭȣסԵ͵һţһл͵һʬǰһźߣڽⴴʹʬ߳Զ
Ǳҵģֲңһ𺣰ɣ
ʱ˿̵ҶٺѾ̧ԣɵյУһ˲ĹѾͨ˰ʯռ䵱еľ񶦣У߸罭йľӿȥ
Сó¯Լװǻô
ССһ¯ʲôܽȫɱˣЦ
СƨҪͽˣӲ
ҶٺóһǻСߣȡЦҶٺ
ȻǼҶٺбղ¯һС¯貹âҫʬ֮ͬһƴʱֱӱѹڵأ۲ѣͷ챻ѹˣ
ҶٺУľ񶦹âȻԪŸЩԭͬһʬսԭܵʬҲһɶˡ
̫ľ񶦣߰
ԭڲݴ󣬽˫۵ʬһȻ˫ۣô󺰴УͬһͷƼ˵Ķǣ
Ȼֱӷ˶ɻĿƣҲЩڵշת۵ˣͷҲصƴܣ
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Ȼֳľ񶦵ûܵľ񶦵ֱ˺ǿд߶ľȴŸľ񶦷ӳǧ֮һҶٺѾӽɺˣ
ʱҶٺ֮ڿտҲˣ
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ҶٺоһŻޱȵľݣܹṩǱ̬ľ񶦻ҪȻľ񶦻ûܷѾ˸ˣ

Ҷٺźƴ߶ľ񶦣
ʱ貽ѾҶٺյͬˣʬŽ⣡
ľΧ¶ȣԷٶϴܣʮȣʮȣһٶȣٶȣٶȣ

ȻԪҪʬˣԪȣյ˲
˱ľ񶦻סҶٺԣһֲ֪ʲôɵĹľԼʯ֮⣬ûüӴܳʬѾյͷҲʣˣ
ôҵǣʬɷճܶĲݣ
Ҷٺűղǹۻü˺ѷ֮ʹŹ˲һӣҩǹѾɺˣ
ҶٺһݣǴӰʯռ䵱ȡʮҩһӽУ
Ҷٺ״ʮҩĺѣͬһֻѵһ㣡
ȻҶٺʮҩѾԭֻаƴСľ񶦱һ˸ˣ
Ԫ֮ʯ飬ˮԳɷɻң
ǿʮҩ̺ĿȫȻҲֻܴ߶ľ񶦲ٷ֮һʵ
ҶٺޱȾͯ⿴ƻ¯ľ񶦵ˣ
ˣһаɣ
ҶٺѪŸͱȵĻԪˣһӣһ˸ߣں˸ľ񶦱Ѿб
ʱ·ʱվֹһ㣬ҶٺһҲֻܴܶһŻޱȵĹâǰընһ
ã֪Χ¶ڻָҶٺڸ۾ʱ˽⵽վ½˵֮ǿ
ǿգ̧Ĵڰ


147 
ʧȥֵ֧ľѾ±ذƴС⼣߰ߵľ޷͸ոմϵһ
Ҷٺʵ㹻֮ǰʹľˣ
óٷ֮һҶٺѾ͸֧ˣʱһ߾綼Խտɱ
ǸϽ뿪ɣҪǰ˷־Ͳˣ
ҶٺץΣһ˿ֱӳԶշȥ
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ǧʲôֻܻȻĲˣ
ҶٺĬʱпԼʵ̫ˡ
ȻүƺƫҪҶٺһ㣬ĻŸ䣬ʹһصħХʱƱɫ
˵ʲôʲô
Ҷٺһ䣬ҲԼѾ൱Ӵܶȥ
һŭޱȵĿХҶٺķȥûзɳԶԭĺ·ħ죡
һϾϵѹҶٺȻСľһ󶶶
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߲˵ġ
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ʬɷҪǾнvңó
ǵһܸҶٺĺŭȵʵףۻħ¶ʵԱҶٺϲ١
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ڸǵʬɷɫһ䣬û뵽ҶٺһʦСС߾ȻܹʶΪŭЦ˵
һݵСȻҴʱѾ;ƿݵĹͷɱ㹻ˣ
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ȥɣϲ
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ˣϲ͵ŵ˾ɣ
ԶȥҶٺŲݵľ񣬴ץԶȥˡ


148 ȫ
Ϊܹסô֪С
ʬɷȣħһɢƥħĺӰѾʬɷ壬ͬԼٶȳҶٺ׷ȥ
ʬɷʬʬɷȷشǿȾʬȴǱʵ
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ʬɷյУЦֹתۼѽһħ˫ָѪɫѨԹЦ
׷ɱЩСආòżǰɱʬɷǧӵ˰ҪѪծѪ
ħͷŸո˵꣬ѪбѾܳޱȵӰӣȻԱʬٶȳҶٺŷɳ۶ȥ
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ҶٺеץԿȥ൱ȴǱҪأýϵҶٺж൱㡣
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ԭʧȥĿôʬյУ˫Ѫ죬ͷŭХޱȣԵ൱ʹ࣡
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Ҷٺ΢΢ЦЦҪǿ׷ɱһͣɽֵУĵطֱߵʥذ
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Ҫᣬװʬɷٿصʬ
ǲĴɽֵУ˼άٶ۵ʬж㣬൱Ҷٺܣ


149 粻
ҶٺǰУҲԼǰķͨˡУֻҪԶȺɱ񣬾ǰȫˡ
ʱҶٺѾƬɽˣȻɽֵľͷȴԵõΧĶ˲١
֮ǰΧԵޣʱѾѼӰˡ
ΧǸɸɾģûκĹǺûѪûĺۼ·һϵĵطһ㡣
ԣ
һͻأҶٺëطʵǰùŹ֣һ춯ܹ
ҶٺɫѿԽɽߣԽܹƬɽصصĹ֮
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ҶٺѾʲôڰġ
ҶٺңӶǿеѾ;ƿݣʱŸոʬɷĻڲ֪ߵһͷǵǰⲻǴô
ˣһǻȥɣˣѾôˣʬɷӦѾظˡ
ҶٺŸҪתͻȻԼʬɷħصĹɫٱ䣡
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ʬ״ħǲľɽֵгҶٺֱֱɷƺѾҶٺΪˣ
Ҳѹʬ˱꣬˵ֻһͷҲһ˿ʶ
ҶٺˣȻֻܳ䵱ʬɷħԼ༸ͷʬĳͲˡ
ʱûһõʬ޲ýҶٺһһڵĻ¶У
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ʬɷȻں󷽸֪ҶٺѾǿ֮ĩд죬èϷĿУ

Ҷٺ𣬾ƣߵٶȵʬʱѾܹоõʬľצʱսľ㤸У
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ȫתҶٺȻеΧ·תһ㣬ɻһΧŷԼѾ޹յУһ޵ţһȥ
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Ҷٺ󾪣ոתܣȻŬǹȻҶٺסһ̶ķȥ


150 غڶ

һ춯صĹ춸ȻӲǽҶٺĶĤЩѣ
ţǽҶٺסȻӾ磬û˿׼Ҷٺ͵ĳһڶȥ
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Ҷٺźŵ˫ֲСںڶϸ۵ʯ֮ϣܹס壬ڱĺڶ̡ȥ
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Ҷٺ󺧣ʱѾ˲ˣ˫ֽסʯڣȻ°Ȼ紵У
Ҷٺͬ级˵еһҶССƼԵ൱С
ܣ
܅ܣ
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ȻʯͬڵһҶٺϡϣҶٺҵòץסʯڶڶС
ʱԭѾ൱ǿҵ羹Ȼٴμǿ͵ĽҶٺڶУ

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ˡ
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𣡡
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ড
죬С
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ড
ড
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ҶٺȻ൱֓Сͷϣ۰ץĻ˵ڣط͵Ļɣ


151 Ĳ
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ԭҶٺСˣĹһŲСײ˳ȥޱҰѾվ񱩵ĳ˵Сȥ
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ҪٶȾˣѾԲˡ
ЩںϺ似ȷ޴ȴǲɶðʹȥ²ʮغҾҪ˰ɣ
Ҷٺа˫ȴǲͣȭơƵȵ似ǧֵס


163 ȺŹ
ণ
СΪ𽣬ﱾ͸һĸ߰ϱЩµѹ
ƢС϶ʱǣƴǧɱ
ͬʱܴҲǲϰݣ
ۼɱ߱ĸĳ˾ǰŹ
ȻѾˣܴǴһѾæǧȥܴ˫צһһǧֳ
𡭡
ǧŭ𣬽죬ҶٺܴǸеҲˣ
ֻʣµİ˰پӣΧĶִ򿪣Ц
ò˵ǼѾ㹻ѹ·ˣǻǵű˺Ƭɣ
ڴʱҶٺСԼܴھɵʱ򣬺¡¡ľ˷涼ˣ
ʱ䣬ɽҡض
찡öܾ
ҶٺһԺгһܾܵĻ棬Ѿ֪˷ӿܾˣ飬ϰͷʦܾ
໡
𡭡
ĺ˷ٶܾĺ
ҶٺѾʮͷܾΧл˳һþҶٺСİߣ
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Ѫܴ߲ѣʱĿνʹüըˣ
ЩɶԼĸĸյսѰʱȴҪĺ
Ƕ°
ܴѪȻһһεţ
Լټ¶飬ǧ϶ȻһŻƳγεĹâ
ҵǣܴ࣬ͼɱ壬һͬɱͽ
𡭡
ʱǧϰͷܾХõӵܴǰУƺһ˶Ͻܴɱ
ǶҸĸյսѰȴҪ򣿣ǿҸĸǵĹգǿһȺ
ܴҶٺСҲɫܾͷ­ƺҲеⲻȥǱǧһٴ¶׹ˣ
ǧȺоߵ
ܴǾĸĸĸĸѾȥˣڣֻܹһǧĺԲˣ
һͷȥ൱˥ϵܾ߳˵꣬׹ţܾŭУ
ܴңⲻô
ʱܴĶˣоһǰȥǧͬھȴͻȻһֻץסˡ
ͷܣûƭܣھȥôˣҲû˰һȥɣҶٺ΢ЦŶܴ˵
𡭡
ܴתͷȥо˸ŭХһͷǧȥҶٺСҲųɱȥ
𡭡
Ҷٺͷ޲ŸոտʼΧŵϰܾѾצȥҪɱҶٺͷޡ
ǿϰͷʦʵް
ÿһצһϣÿһ˺ҧܴޱѹ
ɱǰĿ־ҧѾֲ˭ҧ˭˭˭ˣһƬң
ȥɱܴͷǸɶ࣡ˣ
ǧŭպñܹҶٺܴһһɻҪִȾһɱԼ˵ܾȥžһȹֱ߶ˣ
ȥɣ
ܴ״񣬼ԼΧ˷ɱһʹѣ
Щܾϵÿһȭ·ֱ͸Ƥ⣬֮ϣΣ
ߵĳ嵽ǧǰһȭһȭĺϣ
һ㣬һ㰡⻹ֱȥֻˣУŭأ
ǧǧֻ͵ϻƹǣױȵѹܴȥ
໡
δĳλѾεܴǰֱӴݿһ㽫ͬɽߴεñˣѪƮ㣡
ܴУӭǰУҪͻȭɱǧ
ûֻһܴǧĶ֣
ûͻǧһۻѾûȥ˰ɣ
ʱһźڰ׹âԼһźɫгǧĹδƵƮֱ֮ϣײһ
Щɽһߴܾ飬ȻôŵǸô۸ͷܣҰɣڿǱҽ˵ģ
ҶٺЦѾѪܴǰסǧȭ
Ҷٺ似
䡭
Ҷٺ䣬ŹѾײһ𣬾ұը
ʱ䣬һŰ׹𣬽ǧİˣǧҾ׵Ĳҽ
ͬһʱ䣬һХҶٺܴĺ𣬽Ҷٺתͷȥе˵
ˣСأһֱûм
˵ţҶٺѾ뿪ʱȫܴһɽмȥһǿʩչͬСɽߴܾùֽΪҶٺһС
СҵģҶٺһѾֻʦʵϰͷܾһʵ
ҲܴһӵʯٵľͷԳɱҶٺܴĺ档
ȻںҪ㹻ĴˣΪ󷽻ϰͷʦѪܾ
ড
ļХʱСİ
һȺܾм䣬СΧм䣬˿ڣѪֱ
ձ׵ܾСܹƶûˣŻûϷɳߣѾЩܾһץס
ǿԺɽֵܾСжôӲҲҪˣ


164 սܾ
ʱҶٺѾܾȺУǵضȭţҶٺѾñˣ
ȻѾڵΪֻʦܾĹϰͷܾܾɢɱ֮ѾҶٺƤⷢˣ
ҶٺվŰĿ籩굱УõձǧΧɱͷϾԵѹҶٺԵѹƺҪˣ
Ͼ˼ڣɱߺʦͬɱһɣҶٺʦҪء
˺ôҶٺڼܾȺм䣬Ѿܹ֮бµСˡ
ҶٺһʱɵˣСôˣȻڱ߰ͷܾŰ
𡭡
Ҷٺ͵ķһŭХСҹĻ鰡ݵС
Ҷٺˣŭڣ⽣㳯СԺХȥ˳ĨѪͼҺ
Ⱥܹݵģүôʰǣ
Ҷٺ۶һ˳ľƳܾȺѹȥСʱеѹһХžҪ
ҶٺѾɳ嵽ܾȺϷӡ裬޴似ϧӵܾȺУըһشɫë
ȻҶٺȷʵͻȻоĳȻϢ˿˿Ƶĺɫ˹ҶٺܣҶٺоͷǡ
ҶٺıֻһźɫĻ治ڣȻʮ֮ԶѾҶٺı
ХŻеƮݷǷ
ǻ棬ƺȼһ㣬Ҳ÷
ǡС𣿡
ҶٺǿŻȻԪ÷ڴʹȻڲͣĺ̻浱еĴڡ
һֻ࣬չʮ׳Ļ񣬻ë֮䣬ɫëȥ֮
ֻ浱еС˫ۣƺŬʲô˫ֱֱſڿУ
ҶٺܼСһһëĶͷ֮һɫĹγɣ޾ѹƺǴ洫ģ
ڣٹһᣬСܹͻΪҶٺͬһ׵ޣ
ϮСɱ֮ʱȻɢѹǱڵı䣡
ɫɨڰ֮ϣҲսڵ֮ϣԭʪҲȵñɨڵϰͷܾϣɫëҲյɢζ
ڸߵ޵ѹûзɽƻȴõ͵ڵأ𷴿֮ģ
ϸϢǧ飡
ҶٺҲСɢľѹѹ췢˵Щֻʦĵ͵ܾˣ
ء
һͷͷܾڵܲסŻǵѹͺڵˣ
Ƿ·һĸ߽֮ǻֿ֮ģ
ǲʵıȽϣѪ֮ľ޴ʹȻģ
ǲһֻѪڳڣһƾܴ
ʱǧҲѾŰ׹⵱˳ˡ
ֻӰ׹⵱дǧ˫ĿŭҲֻʣ߰ٶֻţήҲ֣ƺǱҶٺһ˵ò壡
𡭡
վǧǰԶܴǧȻĴŰ׹⵱˳
ʱͬһűĳŭ棬ŭ죬ȻӲǳסСϴ޾ѹһѵǰУǧȥ
Ҷٺ𾪵·Զڷ䣬ܴΪǧѹڵϲȳļצӡоѣ
ڸߵ޵ѹҲѹƵüϢˣοֻʦܴ
ѵ
ҶٺкأѵܴҲڣ

Ǹ֣Ȼ˻ҪԼµ˻ȪҲҪΪĺߣ
ȻҲܴСûʲôãѳ򡣵ҿȿͷɱ˵ܾ˳۶ˣ٣Ǹƴ
ܴˣһῼһ¸˵һǿߣҲһʿˡ
ʱȻڵصܾҲܴ춯Ѿʧȥһеܴ
һߣŸոմİ㵱Ӷǧбһ޲ýǰ˺Ƭ
ʱȴǼͬһܴȻܹʱЦɷӭȥҪܴҳ⽴
ûõСӣ㻹ΪԼǰҵĸαôʱѾȥˣڣȥž۰ɣ
ǧŭϾȻһŸͰӲǽѹų⿪ȥлƹҪܴټͷȥ
ͽҾҲҪֵף
ܴЦһ߳ǧȥ¶Ȼ
Ȼסǵضǿѹ
ϰ˫۾֮£ԭѾ׸ߣӲǱǵףϼŭţֶȭͷҪǧȥ
ŭء


165 ͬ
ϵ̫ȻֱҸˮȥӾ˳˯һ
Ҳֻȵټ൱ʪ򣬲ܹİ׸ߵľ
ʱо޴ķ񾭹ֱ·ߵһ޾ߡ
ܲǾô
һڵͷڳڵޣ˵ǽǱˣɢǿϢܹͨ޲ҽӽֺˡ
Ҷٺɢ۹â̫Щɻ
ܴ˵ƬȻȣʲôĺ֣֮ЩܹƬӵĴǧ꣬־ǿ
߿вУǶѾˣ˵ǸűһӰҲ
Ҷٺ˵ٻһľƾͳ̴ܴƨȥҵѽֽС
ҶٺһƴƨϵܴҲŭƺǶҶٺٶĮġ
ֻƵƳƳ˵ȷˣûƭ㰡ϴ󣡡
ھҶٺǧսʱѾȥˡ
գܴͻȻһȭͷѾ˲ѵǧͷ­֮ⳡ޼¼͸һˡ
Ȼܴ֪ΪѾҶٺСĶ飬ҶٺСǶܴģ˭ùͷȴ֪ͨҲûһأ
ҶٺСĿܴ֮۰мӡ͵ܴȴǶһֻ۱һֻˡ
С𡭡û갡ҵβͶҪҧˣ
ܴݺݵץץƨɣȴûдĿ꣬൱й
ϲŪβ͵Сû˿취ġ
һٶûС죬ȻױС͵ϮˣɲСߵ޵Ķ֡
С𣡱ˣȥ̽̽·
ҶٺնһˮƳСɨȥŽӵСϵ˰֮С
ȥһʱ֮ǰǲ̽·갡СѽһУҶٺ
ҶٺЦòıСˮơľڿлζ˵ȥȥ
ড
С𿴼ҶٺնƣֻϵùХһ׸ߵȥ
Ҷٺͷ֮ѾһСС𣬲̾Ϣ
ʱͬͷ޵ıķһֻö𽣬һͷܾ
ŹûһɫëӣȥǳСѾԼٹˣлһͷҰһ߸ߺ
ҪԿȫ
ҶٺСŵͷþ׳Ұε˵
ͷҰ湻ðô׳һܺóˣ
Ȼҿѡ˺ܾõģ
С˵ͷھҰܡһˤڵϣֱӽˤ˹ȥȴͻȻԼʧˣľԣѾˣ߳ŭҶٺˡһСһı
С𱯴ߵˮֱȻֻСԼˣҶٺͬ׵Сô׵ıֹ
ֻС˵ϴҰҿΪͷ˵ͷѣȥһֻİ
Ҷٺܴ¶ı飬Сʱ¸´Уɵ֮Уҡָһ˵
ڱүΪɫҰ֮£ʲôܷ֣ʲôǱүҲģͷĳѨǸ򣡡
˵ʱʱ죬СѾҶٺܴ˲䣬ͷҰеĳѨ򼲳۶ȥһߺ
үͣԼԿȥɣ
ҶٺεĺܴһۣǣǽǳҰɡ
Ǹʳߣġ
ܴ۾Ҳգһ£ԹԵĳСʧķȥ;޴ܴÿһ̤ɽҡضһƬңɹ
ҶٺĬĬҡҡͷͷʧķ׷ȥ
Ҳ֪˶ٱ飬ҶٺѾͷ޵ϰȻˣҪˣΪǼѰҵˣ
£ɽбɽΪգɽ޴ɽŽСһͷųʵĴ
֮ϣһͨףȴԵòɣĹűǱейˡ
ʱҶٺСܴһޣѾߵ֮£ǧ׸ߵľ¡
ܲôǿҪȥһԲб޳̸Ҳ֪˻᲻ῴҲһֱۣǴء
ҶٺҲֻȥˣɲһƬĴֵлꡣ
ֻܹǻصԼĵطѾʣΨһϣ
ড
Сǳֵ֮ĹűҪֱǹűзȥȴǱҶٺæ˻
ǻСһЩȥɣƺвأ
ҶٺСһޱǧ׸ߵ¶ʵǶˡ
ԭǱûҪ;С
й֪жٱأ϶кܶóԵˡ
СҶٺܴͷжӵģȻܵй͵ԡ
СĻͲ࣬ȥޱȵܴȴ˵
˵ղ˲ٱʲôƷìʲôʲôˮ飬ӦоаǲǺܲأ
ȻѾˣǾѽȥι۲ι۰ɣҶٺ˵ȴǰ˵͵˰ɣģڻװʲôˣһͷܣ
һ·ϣҶٺѾܹѲߵÿһʮͷʦޣ⻢йķ֪
Ҫһ½УҲ֪Ĳ
Ź˲ʱҶٺͷѾй֮İ״ˡ
ȻйأҶٺͷǵʵ⣬׾ٵıǱйС


166 
찡ʲô
ҶٺŸսйһΰصľ󣬿ҶٺĿɿڴ
ֻйĶһʺޱȵӡϣ·Ѫһ㣬ɢһ޵
һֻһʹҶٺͷޱѹֵĸо󷨣ġ
һ󷨣ڵ챦Ҳδӵа
ǿֲ󷨵ҶٺѾȴ֮ˣȻҪͷԱ췢˺ʱĿͻȻɨӵй¯ԼǷצǻһŻε
ƴˣƺҲڣȻͳֽǴˡ
Ҷٺ̿ˮͷϵа󷨴Ŀ־Уֱܵ¯ԱߣҪȥƿ¯شǧĸӡ
࣬Ҫʲôأ
ʱһҶٺͻأҶٺһûĴڣ˭
Ҳι۲ιסˡڲι꣬Ҳ뿪ˣټ
Ҷٺսսĺˣǰǳñ뺷׳һŭ֮½ɱ
΢΢һƲƺڶҶٺЦеҶٺľٶҲûʲôƺûа㱻ҵԵķС
㲻Ǵж˿ô߽¶߰ӳȥιǣǿǲ͵ĶİҶٺ˵
û͵ʲôô
׳ȥͬһޱ׳ʵĸˣȴǸֳһ˿Цݡ
ϻȤһ߽࣬һֻճ𽣬һͷܾ
Ҷٺսľôһͷ޳̸治֪᲻ᱻͻȻ¶
Ϊ˻صԼ磬Ҷٺȥˡ
ˣǲƬؾϣ뿪
Ҷٺ˵벻֪ĺѱ亹ʪˡ

Цǌȥʲô£֪ҿǌȥأ
Ҷٺ΢Цͨ˵ãΪͨ죬ǵȻˡ
Ǻǣö˵Сӡ
ЦͻȻɫһͣ˵ǵǰ׳ôǵϢߵ̰ʳϲǵİɣ϶ðɱˣ
ҶٺɲҽϻĻ֪ͷϻ̰ʳкζԹҪǻϣǿɾͻˡ
ƺʶԼʧŌǸЦݣ˵
ǺǣøλСѼЦˡ̰ʳ񱾾ͲƬ֮ˣеĵжߣǶкġҸ
˵꣬бԹԵйĵڶعȥ
ҶٺͷϽǰȥϲ
ˣ
ͻȻͣ½Ų˵Ҷٺŵòᣬֻһ֣λҩʱɿͨѩյľӨҩС
¯еĻε⣬ͷС͵İɡھ͸ɣ˳һͷСܣӵѪܾǰ;
˵һ죬ŻεѾҶٺС
ҶٺзëƺѾ쵽ڵǻΪСǡۺʱ˳ƺ
лҶٺպ󶨵л
Ҷٺ˫ҾȴѾߌԶҪǵˣϽ׷ȥ
лⲽǰУʥ˿û޵ĵӣһ·ˡ
СӣҪİô
ư˵˿ûнҶٺͷ޷
Ҷٺ˵ʵ̫ȴû˿ϾԼ֮·ոտʼպǰ޷Ԥϡ
ҶٺЦȥĪ⣬޾ԣ㲻Ҫҵİպ˵Ҫء
ǰߵ岻ɵ΢΢һͣתͷҶٺһЦҵôһĵ
ҶٺѾǰеУһɻͷϻЦݿƺЩѰζҲ֪ʲôı
ϴ˵ͷҪȥʲôطʱСų򣬶Ҷٺ
Ҷٺҡͷ⻢ҪȥģʱҲֻһһˡ
С𣬿ƺܲˬǲΪǿŻεҶٺЦ
Сһ죬Ȼڻ֮˷ˣĶҶٺƨүСôһŻεүŲںء
ҶٺÿɷһЦȻСĻûеĻ֪ԼûеõĻε൱ںġ
ۇR
ҶٺСһһ֮ʱһ콫Ǿûع
ԭѾдһȾ޴ɫʯ͵ǧ֮ǰ
ʮ׸ߵĴŴ򿪣Ҷٺ˻ĵһԵóԾޱȡ
Ȼڵ׳龰ͬСܴԾѡ
ǡҶٺȵ
Ļ飬ܾδʮڵճѵ;ס֮ء˫ָޱ˵
ʲô
Ҷٺɫһ䣬˵йȻͼı߳
ҵѵ⣬Һƴһƣ
գȻ磬һɷ𣬽Ҷٺѹ͸ֻЦ
ʸô
𡭡
һӵܴŭƤëˡ
ড
ܵѹǰСĹͷѹžֱ죬Ϻɫ죬Х
ҶٺҧͷǶѾѪˡ
ߵУֱ滢еѹˡ
Ҷٺֻоޱѹǵضһϰ磬ȴ˿
κβ㣬Ҳһù
Ҷٺкڰ׹ƣΧޱѹֵա


167 Сȥ
ણ
Ϊͨ죬ȻڣΧǽڶΪܲסɢĻҰ׷װ䣡
ҶٺܲˣֱоԼҪѹ֮ʱޱߵѹͻȻһ͡
ʱƵᣬҶٺСܴѹȻһɣŷԼѾʪ͸ˡ
Ȼۣһ޽֮
ֶԵ൱⣬
ҪɾͷǷһͷҪ㹻̣ҫľĺ൱Ļǡ
лָ㣬Ҷٺмǿ뿪ô
Ҷٺ˵ص«ʲôҩҪСܴǲܵġ
һ˫ޱȵ۾ҶٺҲеǰУ˴Ǵֻ֮Ǵ֮󣬾Ȼһɫðĺ¶Ȳ͡
֮⣬ͱڣɽ֣С
۽֮𣻺ɽʯش޳ɳõĳʮڣǳΪ˼ǿޣ
ׯµƬռؼܲѡ
ʮꣿǱ֣üı
ҶٺУ˿η产Ļѹʵ
ҪĻİҪģƾʲô󿪺˵ԼܰæⲻΪṩЩȻⲻһףҪʮʧˣһĻڶ̫
˵һĶһһ㡣
Ҷٺ֣˲任һаȵЦ˵
ǿʵҲںһССѣôҾĻɡ
ড
СԼҪҶٺֱ𣬵ȻӦˣĳҶٺ飬ƺָҶٺðһ㡣
С׾͸ҶٺҶٺΪһĴڣҶٺ뿪
Ҷٺű겻СҲǼȲᣬǿһֱԼҵĻ鰡
СͺúúʹŰɣȴ߰ȫˡҺܿͻȥѰĸĸģ
ҶٺһѽǰСڻϸﰲο
ড
С쳤ХϵĺҲ͵֣죬תۼ䣬СѾҶٺ󣬳ʱĵ·ˡ
Ҷٺһ˿įԺлСʱ˵һ䡰Һ㡣
Ҷٺô
ĿԵģܾѿˡ
ʱмʱο
ܴûСҶٺˣƬޣȻڴˡ
һһˡ
ܴƵ˵᲻ôͲö֪ˡ
ˣԹ
˵Ҷٺӱʹо˻˵
ڱʹǰͨĵطסǵԼʮٵұﻹͬڵȺ㡣
˵꣬ѾתˣҶٺҲصĸǰУܴѾҽһnǾס֮֮ڣ޷ˡ
סˣطֻиãܱ˵֪򣬱㣡
һһ˵ĽŲ죬·ܴԽʱռһ㣬һףҶٺôŸٶȡ

Ҷٺз·ӡ֮еӰӱʹˌ
ʱٴηЧ
ǿԡ
ӦѾٱ׿ٶȣ΢ɲĵͷ΢Ц
ϣ
úôڴУ
˫ֻ裬ɫƣһֱо޷ƥеѹŰ
ʱվһع֮У֪ڽʲôʽ
ǰһĿͣޱѹ·ͨشƣԽʱռһ㡣

Ҷٺվڴվ룬ŭХ
ʱֱоԼһеУǧٵʱѺ˸廮Ƥ
λڴеҶٺγϣֱоԼ
ƣȻֻһͨƬֺͨƬжԶ
һ˫ͭɫ裬в֪ʲô
Ĵ߶֮£ǴѾͬɫһ㣬еҶٺյ΢΢ݷʱҪһ㡣
СӣͨȺٶο˫ѺͶأ½ܹƥС
˵йâһڡǡеҶٺз·Ѿʲôһ㣬ţǼ˵
鲻ɸ֪ˣҲڴﵽ֮󷽿ٴ˵أ򣬱㣡
вŸ˵꣬һǿһţǰҶٺɫǡѾԭʧˡ
Ⱥٶο
ʱҶٺ·ޣյǰһӰ
һƮƮӣֳֺɫǧһأ
Ⱥٶο汸ȺһΪ½ʧѾõĽص䣬벻ȴеϡ
֮ǿ似֮һǳ֮ˣ
Ҷٺǰͣ趯İɫӰ૵һ߽ǹԺС
ʱڲ֪ŶҲ֪˶ãҶٺת
ʲôط
ҶٺѾǵԴૣ۲ΧĻ
Χǰ׸ߵľûгȻҶٺȴܹȷʱѾ뿪ƬˣΪ˴ɭַ²ҲûƬеϢ


168 ȸں
ش˵ؾʳħ߸ԶˣҪϽ뿪˵ء
Ҷٺҧ˫ѵվȴǼ̵ûʹһ
ʱȻС뿪ʹ֮в԰Ρ
С˵Ҷٺߵ׽Ļ飬ɭֺʶҲ֪ͬ˶鷳˵Ѫˡ
ҶԲ㣬С𣬶ʵܰߡ
Ҷٺһһɭ֮ߣһĿ˸˵һʱ䣬һᾡģ
ʮڣǺε֮£
ȻӢţӵоǿʣҲҪϰڣҶٺȴҪöʮʱ⼸ǲܷ飡
ܹڣǿߣԹм
ҶٺҪڶʮڵ죡
ҶٺĬĬ˼֮ʱǰ˵ıҶٺ׹
ڴ˵ضԾɽƧҰǧ˼˲ǳоͼı
ҶٺƬ̣ʩչڲľ䣬ܹ͵͵췢Դͷȥ
߿յУڵڲͣɣʱ缸𻨣Ѫ
ʱҶٺѾƾڵ֪֮ĳǴе˵״
ͽΪʦ飬ͷѪǣ
Уһ߶ǰ֮ŭ߳ʱ³ںѪˡ
ҵĺʦ㶼Ѿǿдʣɹͬˣ˼
µɫ𺣬Խ˵Խǵͳȥޱȡ
ΪʦðΣգò״ħͷнȡߣȴԼͽϣ
кڽȻһźڹ⣬ңԭ֮ƣ
ƴҲҪɱˣ
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ҶٺɶӪûʲôȤУʦͽһĽթȤģȴ߿еġ
Ƕһʲôöˡ
ҶٺааһЦȥͬһͷŮɫһթ
Ȼߵһ仰Ҷٺȷ˴ǵͷ
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һָأ۸ӻǣȥֱϼ֣źڽ΢΢㾹ڲˮи¶
Ÿ˵꣬Ѿ˵߶ڶʱ߶ԡ
ͷӣ˲ˣ˵ͼԪҲֲˣ
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꣡
âŭХѾ˥߳ȥɲǼ佫û
ȻۿѾýƣߣҶٺȻͬطԱһ㾲һԣȴһ
жڣһӲ˲ֹʦڡ
Ҷٺૣȴû˿Уɱǰ׾٣ȴȻ˷һһ
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һһǣʩʱʹ׹Ԩ
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ͷʹȣĿѾŤüЩӿеȥˡ
ΪʦȻҪסСˣҪûûεֿ
ߵĴЦ·ͻȻʮһ㣬档
治ʦͽԭһݽթ֮
ҶٺĨ˰亹˵
һ棬߰Ѿɫ۷ףȥѾҲˡ
㹻ݡҷˡ
˿૵Ѿֱֱ·ɭ׹ȥˣ

߼ڵЦ˵ȻϵǼСﶷùԼҪԦ˷ɽȥͽϾɱ
Ұ㱾Ҫʬ޴棡𺣬ѾȰԣһ˫ãҪʬһ˺룡
ڰҶٺоһҪɹȥ͵Ϯߣ
ȻҶٺŸշɌʮף㿴߷ݰ㵹ɶأһź̵Һ壬ǻ˵ˡ
Ҷٺɫһ죬޵һһһ飡˾ˣ
ͷӣ벻ɣ
ԭ׹ȥѾΡΡվͬ㵹ɶ
ԭ߲Ǽװʹʦϵˡ
ȻЦδݣؿڱѾһһɫֱֱˡ
ҶٺĽ⽣
벶ȸں󣬳űʦ˵ûз֮ʱҶٺһ׽ɱˡ
Ѱرʱˣ
ҶٺѾ촦·ɭֵȥߣĹˣѰǲ֪ɵʲôطħߵʬ塣
˲ʱҶٺŷѾڵϵʬ
С˼Ǵ
ҶٺŶϴһ󶴵ߣ档
ǰҶٺѾߵѹһ飬ſҳһͨڵĽָǱȽϡķˣҶٺ
⵱ʦĻûͦġҶٺǿռָֹ


169 ǰ
ɭֵУһĨһҶеζڵ˽ûǧĺ֮Ͷӳϵߡ
Ƭߵԭʼɭ֣ʮҲһ߹ȴһӭλˣȻλѾ˱ʬ壬ǵƷҲɢһء
ǵҶٺȴǱŲðײõľڶǵùʦͽĲ
˵һȾףŸ½õҶٺѾմȾϻ˵ƪoһֳˡ
һƷƼһѲԪĵҩһЩ߰ƺûʲôá
ҶٺЦŷŪԼġսƷʱҡҡͷԽյջ൱
ƺһЩȥȽϺõģƩ硭
ҶٺһƴòɵĹϵͼˌ˵ǰϸϸꡣ
صͼ죬ȥµĺۼȴȻʵ޴ˡ
ϸϣɽݺᣬˮֱᣬȴֻһС֣Ҳ֪ĸվ֮ء
ͼƺһӵصĵطȴֻһС飬ȷϧ
ҶٺϧĽǵͼŻؿռָУѰͼеıֻܿĻԵˣǿ󲻵á

ǳ졣
򣬴֮ϣʱ֮ɢĴʱ̡
ʱڴϵһ˽ٵĵطȥɭɭڰεĹܵӣŲͻȻһ٣кݹ˸
һͷԣһź˵ͬ飬΢΢ͷ˵
ڻҲоˣ˾Ǹǵķֶʼٸߣ
ǸɱϲڣϲŪüȮɱҶٺ𣿡
һںӰе˵ɣ𣡲Σʬɷӡ֮ˣʬɷ֮Уɱ⣡
Ƭ̺ҶٺѾʹŷɽСʮֻͤҪתۼͿԻصѾյˡ
ȻʱҶٺо·𱻲ڰĶ߶סһ㣬Ҷٺʱ亹ëĻܡ
ɱĥֱһս似ɣΪ޹أʱȴΪҪõúãԽսǿҲǲ֮£
ʲôˣҌ
Ҷٺ䆔һķϰ׹â˸졣

ڴʱҹɫҪڵĺڹżЦҶٺǰʱ䣬Ű
ڡϲɾü°νɱҶٺ𣿡
תۼ䣬һһѾҶٺǰɫĶҶٺ
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֮࣬ҶٺȻҪǿеģοѾҶٺҲûʵǿ߿⡣
ǺˣΪεҵ·
Ҷٺ߳оӰϰ磬·ʱ̌ߣ
㲻֪ô
Ǳҧгݵ˵·뽫ǰҶٺһ㡣
ֻǹоâ˸˲ϰӡϢڶ
ҶٺоϤ޴˵ʬɷĹ𣿣
ʬɷǱôѵǡ

Ҷٺ㷶ȵʱҶٺ𾪵ķ˫Ŵһ΢ͷһ£
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Ϊһʧ֪ѱʬɷӿʬۡ
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ϸ֮£ҶٺŷԼֵֻֻɫɭɲȥ·ǴҶٺĽϳ
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˵ˣʬɷʬޣСӣ㻹ȥ
Ҷٺ΢΢һЦлȻʣɽбָЦɣҶĳžǣһɱһɱһ˫
˵Ҷٺʬ֮ǰʬɷ˽ɱ񣬼ٳ޵ǰ֧ԮҶٺȴƽ
Ȼܱʬ޸ӦʬۣȻһֱֻˌ֣ҶٺȷطѾʬˡ
ȻûеԮߣɱ˾ǣ
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ͼҶٺȴǱϬޱȣǧȸµ棬ʯҲҪճˮ
С
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䡭
ըԭ۵ĹѾâɵˣҲûж·ѾҶٺ͵Ϯһ㡣
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ѵ
Ҷٺ૵ɵõ˼ԶȻâŵĹ
ûбԭֻΪҶٺѾоǺâǿϢ
һɱʬɷʬй֮޲Ŀֲ


170 ս
ǺǡӦΪԼеȻƵҼҵıʬ
ǹеЦںڰƣХЦԭдĺâܡһͬը¶Ӱ羫ָǽһĴڣ
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Ҷٺͷ󺧣ǰֵͬܰԺӰɫԱ
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ͬ͵ֱֱڵϣ˫Ŀϲŭ·ֻһûʬ
ǶʬϣеɫȼգССĻȴҲյŤҪߵ¶Ȱ
ҶٺУʬϸɢų·٣ǿǱʬҪʢ󼸷ֵư
ǲǾʬ޷սʤأ
Цڸǲס˷ܺͽ
ΪЩʬ֮·ʬͽôʬǿʬɷֶõĲǼʬһСַǰˣգñʶһĶʬɣ
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ҶٺûüӦѾͬ߷һ㱻õɶѪס
ÿٶȣҲǼǺڻ𣬻ܹʴ
ҶٺʱԭվŵλóֵĶʬоޱȡǶʬһֱӽĻ÷ˣǿɼһ㣡
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ӰֻءȭͨͨʩչȴȻ޷κжʬػһԵĹ
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Ҫɱ㣡ɱɱɱ
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վڶʬ֮ӹȻЦݣɫޱȣȥɭޱȣ
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ˡ
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ŹӣڻʬĿֲѾȹĶʬҪ˸еļ£
ʬɷĺڻ͹ٻԵʬ֮ʱҲҪѪɫĶѨƾһܿͷֶӣϾҶٺ֮ǰʬɷٻԼʬʱҪѪеġ
ʬʲôΪ֮ԴĿܰˣҵİɣڤʬ
ڻɣЩݺͲȥޱȣ·Ĥݵһ㣡
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Ҷٺһ˿Ѫ
ǱڻٻʬĺƣڤʬȻܹͨˣ


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ա
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ҶٺŶӴЦ·ʲôЦһ㣬Цϵ˿ڴʹҲȴˡ
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ҶٺϾأƾԼ־Ŵһʵǵ۵簡

ͬԶһŭأ
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Ҷٺ䳹ǵ𣬷·Զħ
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һȳȥޱȵһƴںڻ֮ϣȴӲǽڻʮ֮Զ·־һ㣡
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˵ڤʬٴХųҶٺֻȭȭ㽫ڵڤʬҲȥ
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ǺǺǡ
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ûõģʬɷʬԹƵģǿҲҪΪ֮ɵĴڰ־ܰɣ
ڻһ˵ţһ߻Ӷ˫֣īʬʬɷӵսʽ

Ҷٺ˫۵ѪǿʹȺٶοѾ֧Ųס·ʱ̶Ҫˣ
ȻʱҶٺüĴûжİʯͻȻ΢΢һɱҶٺԭѾ񱩵Ĵ侲
ָҶٺͻȻааһЦȥޱȡ
ʯ̼֮ҶٺԺйȺٶοѾֹ˵򣬾ԶҶٺȺٶο֣
ȥɣ
Ҷٺһ֣ץסͻȻֵĽ⽣߾٣
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߿֮ϣޱѹֵϢԲ֮ڵﶼѹԴϢһ£ôػҷ


172 Σʮ
ҹУ絶âŰʬɷʬϣ˲γǧٵѪۣ
ҶٺʩչȺٶοУһʽ󡣽÷ƱɫĶ˵ԶŴؼ졣
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ںеĺڻǺɢ¶ڻһĿݹʹڤʬԿʹҶٺ
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Ϊڤʬֻô㱾𣿣ڤ֮˲ãŭɡڤʬ
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ڤ֮ǿɣӵйͨڤͨڤʬԶԴܵ޵дڣ
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ŭյҶٺʲô·ҰһȻһһȭĺڤʬϣʬž졣
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ȻܴʱҶٺҪԴԴϴѪӿѹȴѾˣɲǼ䱻û
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֣֮ҶٺûС
ԶԶĿԼġ󡱵Уһⲻʱ˸ǵǹ⣬ȺвɱҶٺ
ҿ㻹ܳŶãûһҲаǧÿһʵٶ߾磬㻹Ϊֵܵס޾𣿣
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˵ȺеҶٺʱѾԡѪˣԼ罦Ѫ
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ʹɱеҶٺڵѾʣ޼һտˡ
ɱɱɱɱ
ҶٺҧѾѪһӣתһֻ׸ߵ׾˿ɱ
ҶٺͲסӴĵ˰ʱ·һ̨ûκʶĻһ㣬ֻһֱɱֻʣɱ⣬ޱߵľ⣡
Ҫ𣿣
Ҷٺǿ۾ٴ˫ӣɷ̣ȴǱļ͵Ϯ֣϶ʱֶ˼˺ۡ
˵еҶٺѾֻþˣֻоתġ
ǡǼĸо𣿣
ѾԵеҶٺ૵ʱǸоԼƮƮûһ㣬·һСľͻɵյС
ҶٺҪþ⽣һڣȴǸеޱɣ·ֻжһ㣬û˿ͣҶٺҡͷԳ
һҪأþҲʵ
Ѿ׼Ҷٺȴ͵ľѹ
ΪڷֲԾˣܵʮȻڶҶٺɱȴǶҶٺĹ޶ã·ǲǿһĴڡ
ԣҶٺĽÿһζ͵Ľ


173 ʱ䷨
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ÿһλӽ·ܹʱ䣬·ܹΧʱ侲ֹ
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һйצѣҵģצ
ҶٺһȴҲָצʱ䣬ϰɫƣǻһĻͷ磬ڻǿĹצӭȥ
ء
죬Ҳҡ֣ͨͨĹצĶԾȴҳ֮ۺ֪
ٿ̳еҶٺ͹Ȼǰһ̵ԭأΨһͬǣڻԭѾѪٺѪ
㡭ʲô似ڻ͵һںѪѵ˵
Ҷٺûüش۽ǵȴƳ˵Ĺвм֮࣬ҲһҪǵСĹɱȥ
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ܺڻжӹԼͬʦܣȴ޷ҶٺȥֻƴѾ˵赲ҶٺĽŲ


174 ܶ
ȡģ
ҶٺԼĺݻȻ׷ȥĺڻ˫ּӣһŻɫİƴ˲γɣҶٺĺϮȥ
ԭԲĹĵĻɫڿоͬտ˵ˮһӿȥޱȣ·ǧ׳һ㣡
ߡСˣ͵ϮҶĳ
ҶٺûΣѾǹʩչġġͲʲôöҶٺ˿ҵģתһƳǹץȥ
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Ҷٺ뵽ССǿ⧲֮±ҹ
һСƨҵĶ֣İʬɷӲܹϰķ͵ǹУǧƳĵĳǾ۰ɣ
Цеĺڻ·ѾܵԺ󣬿ԼҶٺһ൱⡣
ҶٺѾǡġסԹ˲ϾڻǴ˷ܵ״̬УѾӳһξĹء
ʱӹǳװȫˣʱѾԦŷɽҶٺͺڻսĵطԶĵطš
ǺǡǼɣүӮң
һɫʯ·˵

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ܴʱڹƴиǲʱǿ似ȴͬת˲ţ޷κǹ֡
ΪµǣҶٺѾоԼǧ״֮ڣʳ
ʲôܸʴ
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ֻ֪ԼѾԴӵֻҪʬУҪɥȪˡ
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ѾҶٺвŸһͷͻȻоü֮·𱻻һһ㣬ʹ飬֮ǰľʹҲϤˡ
ȻͻȻʹ֮ʣҶٺڵʬ·˹һ㡰֨֨֨ҶٺҴܣҶٺֱоĵʹ

Ҷٺźޱȡ
Ǳʬڷޱʹʲôʹȵ˺Ƥʹ
ҽеҶٺ룬Ǿôһν֮Ѳ϶ҪһƤƤǧʬҪӲĴˡ
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ʬҶٺѪģڵһѾˣٹôġ
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Ҫ־͹֪Сڤʬˣһ֮صġ
һƲһƲߵҶٺԣþ²г߾٣ҪҶٺ촦

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ëֱ뽫Ƽջأȴǳ·˸һԺ
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ͷһʱͬ˹һ㾪
ֻԭͬһڵһҶٺȻ˫۽գһֻѪȴסеĺڽ
㻹ûôأ
Ҷٺһֽĳμסһָȭͬһ㳯ĸȥȭе
䡭
һ棬Ѿͬһ㱻ҵõʮףǡá䡱һڴڵϵڤʬϣȴûнѾԵڤʬײԼײ߻ء
Ҷٺ˿гǡҺǹһսѾˣû㹻ҪƾѾ͸֧壬Իء
ʱҶٺǴشǿվˣġڵȥȻ˵ʬȴȴ൱صģֻ´ʱһ綼ܽ
ҪϽ뿪ǺڻҲ֪᲻
ҶٺֽӰʯռ䵱ȡҩ
ҶٺУϰҩƷˣֻҪҩӵʯռ䵱оҩǲҩġ
Ҷٺӵǿָٶȡ
ʱټ϶컯ҩЧϲһ׶ȥޱ˿Ѿֹס˲ͣµѪ
еѾ裬³ϸ۵İɫƤˣҶٺȥ˸ȥ˼ŵˡ


175 ܰ
ȻҶٺҪϿ뿪ջսƷȴǱġ
ٿһս֮ʮͤͤڣΧԭдеľѾһƬ˿˿ƲʬȻڿƮɢͷ
֮ԭ˼ʮͤѾ˻ߵľˡ
һƬҰ֮ϣһΧĵߵСӣҶٺڤʬٻǧս֮ʱˣȴվľګվŵʬǱҶٺһ˶ڤʬͶʬ
ͷʬ֣廹ãȴ޷ʹ
Ҷٺⲽͷʬǰϸ꣬Ѫ֮ûʲôˣٻʱͷʬ֮󣬺ڻ͹Ĺ飬ҶٺȷҲ֪ʲôµġ
ߵУʬһֽʬѶ͵Ĺߣ𣬲ֻأֻҪûб÷ǣܹٴվս˵һ̨ͣϢսҲˣʬһа֮Աǡ
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ǸϽصһɣ뿪ôˣҲ֪ûзʲôʡ
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ǵģǰֻȥʬ޹ֻһ߼Цһ߽ڻʬԼʬ봢У
ǿľʬ֮ͬಫɳģôΪĵڶͷʬɣ

ڶһ磬̫ƽջжȹһ޵ҶٺһС㡣
̫ƽջԭƹȻÿͣŸһҶٺλǿߴˣŻдȻҲҶٺܹⲻȥˡ
ƣһ裡
Ҷٺߺȵʱ·˷һëͷСһ㣬Ƭ̵徻ʡ
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ҶٺߺͬʱΧĲѾ˽ǶʶҶٺˡ
꣡ͲСһôҪǱħͷˣҪͷ˰˼ҿؤĳϰ尡
ؤʵ۳Ҫؤڱ֧Ѿʬɷаħ˰ɣ
԰ʬɷƺ͵ˣҲûڷұָֻˣֻ÷үǸӭȢŷܰɲʲôϢ
һ͵٩;ûôˣΪ˵ĻҶٺˣ


176 ŭʹȻ
ƽŷܰ
Ҷٺһ϶ȻһͬһĿֲɷתۼѾ˵ԣһס˵Ĳӣ
˵ʲôƽҪӭȢŷܰ
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ȡ
ǱҶٺסӵ˫۷ףѵ˵
ŹҰɣ޹İŷܰŷܰǱƻģٹǵĴ֮ˣ
ͼҪǰŵûɢˣҪ֪Լôһ٩ŷܰĻ˵ɱ˲գ۵ħͷߣҲħͷǰ˵ˡ

ߴ޹İҲ˵İ
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Ҷٺ˫۳죬һ˫ŭ۾·Ҫһ㣬˲ӣ±ŭȼմ
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ǱҶٺڵϵԹҶٺıӰȴǵҶٺ޵ĳһϽͷ­Ҳûжˡ
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ԭŭյҶٺʱһƹһƬģͷŭʱ֡
ֻҶٺæҪµƹһ˵ƹĻҶĳ޹»˹صĶŰɣ
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ʱʩչ̵ҶٺͬһӰĴϴţһ˷Ҵլ֮ǰ
ңһ֪ǲƴ֮լԺֻһֵĳƺ鲼䣬ͤ¥ȥͬɾһ㣬ֻһС֮ϵլԺ
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ҶٺҡͷȻ˶Ͼɱ֪һ˶ѨӦҶٺǴǱ뷽ҴԺ֮ᡣ

լԺһɾĻУһɫ޵ľ֮ϣǰĿ̸Ц
ɵͷһ˫˸۾ټһֱƽӣϸµıԼ飬ǷҼ
ڷҼյĿˣҶٺڴˣһᾪΪǺȻ񱱽ļҳФԪ־Ͱ
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ʱȥݹ᾵ФԪ־Ҳǻ˷Ҳٺôˡ
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177 
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עһˣҶٺŷܰȻ̵֪ǵıҶٺһȫʬѾˡ
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ҶٺĶһ仰ͷҲص뿪ˡ
ҪͨԼԼǿѰǷ٣ڴ˿̱ŭҶٺУҪŷܰƻ飬ܼ򵥣ѵɱ˾ˣ
ͬʱһаɽУһ۵ߺǺֱЦһ߸Լĺ룬һЦ
ԽԽˣħķˡϴħĵʬޡǧѵһڤ֮塢һˡɣҵĺͽ˽ĳ̤Զŵʬ
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178 
ǺǺǡҶٺ׳ջΪһǰǸ֪СأյңҪΪǰѩܡҷʳٿ̶϶ԪɣҲܶﰡ
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սԼҪīڹˡ

СϢԶ˳ܹ벻ٶȴС
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Ҷٺд󾪣ƺѾ֪Ҷͼı
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Ҷٺ˪϶Ȼһƣͬһʵ
Ҷֵ뵣ǣҰٱһͬĵˣǿ˵ӵйͬĿģ
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ҶٺʱΪھţȴ߻ħʧܾͬʮٴɱͬţ߱ʦؤϲڣʬɷɱħͷ
Ҷٺɱħͷȴ֪֮ҪɱЩˣΪҪôһûԣζڣ˵ڣĵˣҪǧĴڣ
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Ȼȴ˵һ½Ļ֣Ҷٺܹȣ

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һܵĻ棬һıҶٺڵĿҶٺһ֮·Ļ棡
˫̶ͬûа㲨ϲŭԹٲȻһɣߡ
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ҶٺһֵĻһɻ̧ͷֻҶٺһƬãȻ·ʲô֮һ㡣
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УڳɶҪӴŵ֮⣬ƺŵҲûڵʮûмһŵӵġ
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ûҶٺڱ粵Ѿ˵
ţһӢɱ˻ĵطŵӵĿ꣬ͬȺ㱻Ȧߣ㷴ڣõĽһĸһΪǶ죡

֮󣬾һ̸Ҷٺһƣ߳ٱĴĿĴš
պֵļ棬ڷ·ѹ˻ѵһ㣬ǰ¶š
ԭҶٺڲ½еĹ
ھͬһò߶ֱֻ׳ڣȴ֪д۸ӵĸ޾
ŵɱ˻ʵǿǱʾ޴߲ŵܼһ֯ꡱУӴϰԶŴǿΪϬצ
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ҶٺвãȻѾ¶ˮڵʵһ֣ҶٺŸܵԼʵεĵ
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ҶٺǸеףӵǿڣᱻһССİٱô


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ƹ񣬸ƻĺССһСӣܹǴ𣿣
ֵĶ棬һӰͻȻ֣۳һڷꡣ
ֻһɷ·ȻĴϢ˿ǳ
ȻҶٺڴˣһᾪôһŵˣ֮ǰǸʵǿˣ
ϣɷġҶٺ˵츳ĺȻ˼ȴǵҰٱԿڣаһЦЦ˵
⵹ҲǣҰٱɴӲⱾ⡣СӣڣҲҰٱûаϵҲǴЦ
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ƩڣԭһãȻҶٺڰ˿ֻ
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ԭͬľͷһ͵ͷҲҶٺһƨòֻͷ˵
һԹСӣͷҲΪˣ뿪ɡ
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183 ɱ
ͬһʱ䣬ͬĵһڤɽĶ壬վУɫޱȵҶٺһ˺ȻʲҶٺߡ
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Ҳ֪ܷȹεɱˣƫ̻СӵͯҲ֧ˣҪȶˡ

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ҪǵڵĴȴ㻹죡ȥһ͵ɣȻƤҡ

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ȻһŭѾˣһƬȻУǰѾҶٺһצϺˣ

˶ʱͬˮһҶٺȻҵ˶ĳ棬̨֮ϽɱڴǼ
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𲻻ͬһͷʨһ㣬÷·𼴽ſҧһ㡣
ǽ𲻻ǽ𲻻ķŭĿҶٺʱĸоһ㶼ܣ˷·Ҫǵضѹѹһ㣡


185 ս
Ϊж
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ʲôÿģҶٺһʦĶ¿ǰľ޽еŰһָͷܽҶٺˣ

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ܹϿϰٽ˶ĿҾͲܴȭ˶Ŀ𣿣һһأǳƽˣ
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ˣˣʱ·ˡ
Ϊ׵İӺȵ˵Ѿͬ㳯ҶٺֱܶȥҶٺɱ
䡭
촫һ棬Ҷٺ׽ĵرǿֱҲ÷飡
ǰǳ似ǳ˷ʤ
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˫һУа׵ĺ˲γɣ㳯Ҷٺҧȥ
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䣡
䣡
Ҷٺ˲䱻ϰ£Ѫ磡
ڴʱԭΪķڿʼˣֻͬһͷһ㣬պ׼Ůӵһյ䡱һȭǰŮӴԶ
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ԱȻܹ˲̻󣿣
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ĳԱ࣬Ϊߣȴʤھͨϻ֮Խսɱ߽ߣⲻ󷨣Ǻϻ֮
һߴţͬʯһ˲ڷҶٺ󣬶һ͹
ڷĹ֮£ǰŮӾӸôԻ
ŮӱҶٺֱߵѹʱ᲻٣
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ҶٺĿܣ˷һȭʵʵĺһɵġ֮ϣ
ԭǹŪˣơ
ҶٺȻЦֻغͻɱ䡱һ֮У׹⣡
ڹȴԭֻʣҶٺꡱĳԱңңӡ
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һľţȻԷǷ̶ʱ֮ڱ˵ĺϻ֮
ֿ־˵һο˵˻ƣɬ̶
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Ҷٺ˫Ӱ裬ɫޱֿ־ǿ׼ܹ־սʱô
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֮Ҷٺͬеͻһ㣬˫ϰ˸ֿ֮־ȥ
Ȼһֿ־ȴ𾪷ǳһ˿΢ЦҶٺҲף
Сթ
ڴʱŮӴޱǱķӽĻк¡ֱս
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ʧʧֱ֮ڵİŮӻΣȴȻ˺۵峯ѾҶٺȥ
ԭֿ־֮ԶԼʹɱб޶ãΪкУ
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ٿʱ˿̱ҶٺѾֿ־һг䲻ġءڼ֮Уǡŵ޾磡
һûӵĴˣ
ֿ־ЦϽ𳤽һӣһ˪ءһں֮ϡ
ȥɡƱ
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ԤϵǣǺһƣҶٺȻҲͬһ㱻˺ѳǧƬٿ飡
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һʱ䣬ΪҶٺĿֿ־ôˣм֮
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ɱȪ󡭡
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ֻƮ첻Ļ䣬ҶٺѾһƬѪɫˣȷ޾־壡
ȻʩչȺٶοҶٺʲôɱȪ󡱣
ֻҶٺͬһ㣬˸צ׽ѪĻ
ҶٺɱȪƳ
Ȫһɱܻ
翵˷·һ֮䣬Ѫɫռ֮УƬƬɫ˾ɥҶٺϣҶٺƤȼáꡭһ죡
Ȼ֮еҶٺȴ˿ͣȺٶοͬ裬ѹ
ҶٺҪȺٶοǰ
ˮףˮף
Ҷٺϰһţʮɫɫͬһ͸ѪĻ˺ֱֱֿ֮־ȥ
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ûõģɱȪ޵еģȪɱڤȪɱѪأ
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ͬһʱ䣬һճѪҺ̶ѾҶٺĽ£ֻҶٺ׹Уܾɹ֮ʹ


191 
Ҷٺ
ڴʱɱȪ֮޷ķۼҶٺҪ̻ɹǵѪɣ˫۳ͬӡ
ֻӺ·Ĵ似ȴ޷ɱȪ󣬾ֹͣԭأǳ
ҶٺҵĺֵܣҶԲ㣬ǰĺ⡣
ӳƽȻڿУɫãȻҶٺ΢Ц
ҷⱲûʲôöԵģΨһԵľʶֵܡ񣬾û֮˳ȫɡ
ӵĶޱ쳣˿ϳɱ֮ڵŮе˼顣
ֻ˵ɱȪʮ֮⣬в֪ʲôʱһͨڣȱȫĹŵȥ·ͭ
Ҫóѣ
ʧһֿ־ǰŮӣȴҲҶٺӻ뵱г˳
Ҷٺ֪ڷʲô£һɱȪצһգŲڵȺٶο֮еʱʹ
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Ҷٺצ·ǧ֮ףͳǰץȥ
뵽׼ҶٺɱĹͷȴһ޹˵Ƚأ
Ͻս񣬽ɱȪʮףҪҲ빥Χ
Ȼļıעܵóѵˣ
ΪʱյĺɫеѾˡľҷһͬɷ𣬽ɢɱȪòϲ
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ӱ䳹ǣ˿飡ֻӷ·һ㣬кɫŵ˫絶ɱȪѪĻ֮ϣֽͬһ׶룡
䡭

̶촫ٿµġꡱԱѾҶٺȺٶο˲ѡ
ʱֱӴ߶һǧƵϻ󣬸ϼˣҲȾʺ죡
ӡ
ҶٺҲֿ־ڵĶԱļٵľҪܵӵߣ
ԭʩչߵĺϻ˺ġǧ١֮Ѿ赹ȥˡ
ǧ٣СӾѪĳϣôҷŹɡ
ʱһ̶ı
Ǽ趾֮ȥ֮췣
ллͷˡ
ԭ˪ȥͬʿŮһİŮѾڵأлڤڤ֮дڵġͷ족
Ҷٺ˪˿Ϊǻצϰ׶ƣƴ
ֻҶٺ˫Ŀܣȵηʥڴ˹Ū飬ٸҡ
ء
Ҷٺû˵꣬Ѿͬڵһ㱻÷ɶˤڰ֮Ľ֮ϣ
ҶٺԷιҲ
֣ССȴǼ󣬾Ҷײ
̶ٴδ·Ҷٺ߽һ㣬Ҷٺܷǳ
־ɱңȻҶٱ
Ҷٺҧгݵ˵ȴ֡ءһõɶֱֱĲ嵽һǧʯ֮ϣ
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һһɱأעûˣעҪǸط´ݲУó
Ҷٺŭ裬ǻצ裬˫צâӲʯҲϡã
ҳ
Ҷٺ似ϧĴȴûмκηӦ
һعƽ֮ǰҶٺ֮ٴ𣬲ȴ˼ֳŪ˼࣬ƺԤʾҶٺʱ޶ˡ
ĪҪңҲֻع֮˰ˡ
˻˵Ҫ֣͹ŭӴˣǷߺޣͺĹ򣬺Լǿɣ
˲Ÿ˵꣬ǧٵ˿ѾĪҶٺŶѤ֮
һɱǵġ
ҶٺѾһ޹ĺڶ˽ȥҲûгˡ
ڶʧֻʣһƬǽĻַ˵ػԲѵķӡ

ڰû£֪ҹһƬû̫ûһƬߵķһеֻƾ֮𲻶ļųλƳλƵġǳ
ʱƬһû˿Ľ䣬һ֪ͻȻһǼѵһãȻĴǱħߵҶٺ
νħ𣿡
Ҷٺ߶ϰ׶ɫʼ似Ѿش塣
ҶٺġꡱԱ֮ʱѾƴɱȴǰ˾ߵĴϡ
ҵȥ·֮Ǹۣ
Ҷٺȭͷյžֱ죬˴ڲûвμӼ֮ȴᣬԼˣӵ֮Ժյħ֮С
Ҷٺһ¶ħֹ̬ȣеһ󵨺
˵ħߣѾڳ֮ʱˣҲǧʷˡ
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ѵҪڴ˵أӴٲֻ𣿣
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£µ޾ļįҪЩħͷܾؼ֮డ
Ҷٺָ֮ʱһڹ⳯ҶٺգۼѾ˿ͣҶٺǰ


192 ǰ
ǺǺǡԭһձطСƨӭӭȻڱħ֮ڣעҪΪҵĳǵʳˣȥɡ
ֻħץһ˿ߣץһβߣݲѣ˷׷ײĿӡ
С
һһ߻磬ҶٺֱӳɱȥŨŨƣĻ꣡
ҶٺǻצȻޱȣ܅ܡ죬ɫ춾Ѿ»صħͷϣ
СӻЩ£˸ãҪιҵСأɡ衭
ֻħһѾɵ֮УԶתһγɣ
аСѾ붾֮Уֻһʱˣ
ˡ
ڿתϼɣȥǿޱȡ
˶ޱȣͬĥһ㳯Ҷٺѹȥ
裬ǿ̣֮֮޿ƥеģڸҲ̼仯ΪŧѪľ綾
Сӣû˰ɣоҪ˰ɣõľ綾ױƵġ
ȻħŸ䣬ҶٺѾͬûһ㣬ⲽħǰ򵥵һȭħʮԶ
㡭㾿Ǻηʥܽħ֮綾
ħǳ˵һҶٺ
Ҷٺ΢΢һЦΪ֮ӵߣҶٺֱǰٶ֣κζҩǰҲǸЦˡ
ҶٺϿڵħ߳ŭоǶǧɫСߣŭ
ʣʰ㣬ԲԼ˺󣡡
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ħ䣬бֳһâһȻһĽɫߴһҶٺſѪܵĴ죬Ҷٺֱֱȥ
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Ҷٺһеâ˸䣡һشʮ׳Ľߵ򥴦ֱӽƣ
һɱ
ۡ
ħв¼ںѪѪĽ߱Ҷٺһɱ˲ٵˡ
ߣһ֪ôСӣŪǱһúᣬĵʹ
ħЦҲ֪ŭǱҶٺش¡
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ϳôĳӣ㲻ĵñүЩʬġ
ء
һмž·һŮӱʱļһ㣬˲򺮲
Ҷٺǳħͷעɢ˲䣬ʹʬɷޱȶ񶾵ġġ
ħˣֻ뵽Ѳһ£ɲҵһʵĸ࣬ȴҲҪˣ
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ҶٺŸеħͷȴͻȻ׶æͬèһһԣк磡
䡭
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Ҷٺϰ룬ʱͷˣ
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С
Ҷٺߣǻצһ㣬ϰٵڹӰ
ʱҶٺǰǳé®СӣʬɷԶصҶٺ֪ʬ޵㡣
ûмʬҪǵ
Ҷٺ·ӡӿͬʱ͵ĳʬɷȥ
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һʬ˵һâ˲γɣҪҶٺͷȥ
λѣ˴˰ѵʿˣ
ڴʱһԶԶҶٺǸеһͬԼɵڵϵ建̧
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Ҷٺޱ飬Ȼ·ɱôһǰȴֻǶЩм֮ģʲôøС
һҶٺ֪ǰǺηʥҶٺɲΪƾԼսʤǰʬޡ
һʵԼһִƴģҶٺһ㡣
Ҷٺкû˿ս֮Ȼ֮ࡣ


193 
һԺսСӡ
ǰŸһ֣ҶٺֺǺǵЦһҲЦòĲ˿ûиʬɷʬӡ
ԸħΣأߺӦ
ҶٺһһħߵôأֻǲŸһ˵ؾħްˣʱڼͬ˵ҶٺȻҪץסˡ
ʱҶٺӵɻҪ˽ģӡǧħߣΪλڣֻΪǶʮĴħͷȴǳ
ǳֻлһƬνħ߼ֱͺһģӡһ㡣
ôаǺһô
ǰǾǵĳŶȴϣӲҪǵдߣҪʬɷΪô
ʬʵ˿档
ǰαķ»Եֺһ˵أᶨһʬɷȶһ֡
ǰһ֣ҶٺѾСǰ䣬ɲԶȥˡ
ԭأ͸ħ÷ʬȻڵϡ
ʬԣʬ¶ɫ
ò׷һܻᱻʦͨˣŽ˻ɱʦ칦ȴͻȻɱһΪĪˣԼ̴ϡãܵˣ
ʦ֣ҪǼ̻ʦŸ״ö˴ǳǰˣڴʱһ˵
飡
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ˣôǰǵô׳ա˼ǰѾڵĴˣ㻹Ҷϲŭ޳֣

һ棬ҶٺŸٺڰ֮дƬ̣㱻ǳǰ˳ˡ
ת֮䣬ҶٺѾΧĳʯһţһŲ輸򵥵һ֪Ӷĵõ˵Ķ
СѸγƺأ
ǰзһӣŵӱƾճҶٺǰҶٺľս
Ҷٺǰǡ
Ҷٺʵ似似ѵǴ˵ƾ
ǰ·𿴳ҶٺеľЦ
СǸմİⲻħˣһᣬ˵Ǵ˵е֮Ტˡ
ǰԣħƺŲûе似
Ҷٺɻǰ˵һжҶٺ˵ƽؾס
ħҶٺвһӡħͷ֮أеıشڣ

ǰЦ泩ޱȣ·ʲôȤ֮һ㣬ǿŵһŶһߴЦ˿õ˵ӡ
֮ЦЪǰż˵
ħǧ꣬Ҳ֪˶ٵ²ż汸֮ʿصôأ
ص䣿ħ߲ǷӡʮħͷĽ֮أʲô񹦿ԣҲħ
ҶٺȴǰͻȻһ˫ĿŭҶٺһ
Ҷٺǰ㣬Ϊαħߵģѵħ𣿡
ǰ˫ĿŭֱҶٺ˫Ŀ·ֱҶٺ
ǺεȲɣ۾̺Ŷٱϲĥ³۾
Ҷٺױǰ˫·ܹµ۾ˡ
Ƿ·ƺ쳾۾ҶٺϵߣϾҲδӵС
Ҷٺҡҡͷƺ˳ǰ˼ˡ
˼ǣǺһǱڸӽħߵģ
ҶٺŸհ⻰˵ڣѾĳ鴤
˺ѷεʹҶٺԸԼɱ֮ħͷҲԸڽһЩɱ޹˴ħߵʵ
ǿ׽̵ҶٺҪˣҪеͶƣΪһ֮ͨ;Ŀׯڰ
ҶٺĿУǾؼΨһʥĵطܵǹܵ˽ݺᣬҶٺھ֮װ
Ҷٺ̤ػ֮;ɱٵӵʱҶٺҲǾڻɵģѾû˿ԡ
а
ȻգǰȴӲҪҶٺƣҶٺܵˣ
ڽ޹˴ħߣóΪҪЩ޹֮˾飿
߲ǲϲ»һΪڻҪɱͬͬΪߵߴħߣ
ǧħߣ˶޹֮˰
ȻҶٺȴǱڹֻΪħͷĵطһԸΪھµһɣ

Ҷٺ˻ˣʧˣ
ԼһֱǴģĸη
ԭˣѹֻνĶ꣬ѹְٱıѹһᱻڣúݶ
Ҷٺ˫۳죬ɱ磬ޣ
ȻʱһͻȻڣѾ֮еҶٺ΢Щ
ǰᰴҶٺļ򣬻˵ҶٺСϢŭʢŭĵĳħϣ
ҶٺѾӵħ֮ˣҪʲôУʹ޵ҲͻƲǰԷħ󰡣Ҷٺ룬֮ʹ

ȻҶٺԵĳǰȴǴЦ˭˵ȥģԷħ󣿲СƨˣǧǰڶѾҵƽԷħķˣûԸȥˡ
ʲôԳȥΪʲôԸȥأǲڱ𣬲ΪԼֻһ𣿡
Ҷٺ󾪵˵˼֣ħ֮еߵĿȴǶ˼ɣѵǱѹɵôԳȥҲ


194 
ƺǿҶٺ뷨ǰÿɷһЦҶٺֱ崺ʡ
ΪʲôҪȥأûʲôͬΪʲôҪأһڣǧǧڣһղھһմڡ
һڣұһұҪǬ֮£֮
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ΨһʧҶٺٴܵشľ

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ʱҶٺһͷײǽϣɴԼײˣ
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ǰѾǳԴðʱĳҲʵûȫָҶٺһ֮ȵȡ


199 Ѫ֮
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200 ңħ
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201 
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ҶٺĹҰ֮£ҶٺٶȾˣ
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Ҷٺ˿˵ûɵüߺɽħĸǰѾͨһ·ĹǶȥˣ
ӴСӻЩǧǰ˼׽أǳһɱ˲գ۵ħͷ
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202 įǧ
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ɽħָʹüߣһСȻüȴЦһֱ㽫˯еҶٺɽħȥЦ
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Ҷٺצգӿߡ
һҶٺԿ͸ǿڣޱ޾ѹԱȰüߺɽħҪǿ٣
ҶٺľһˣǶʲô⣬֪ôˡ
ǺǺǡˣӿȥƺҰǰҾ˿𣿡
µЦǺǵ˵
ԭһˣҶٺ΢ģò˵
˼ΪҶٺǾ÷ˡ
һСӣüû˵
ЦЦ˵㲻Ҫ½ôұȫˣ̳ˡ
Ǻм̳̳ôı£ҪһʦΪػ꣡Ҷٺ૵
ǶԸģǰЩʲô֮£ֻȫˣһͬʬһĻڴˣЩϹͷı
߻˵į·˵ʲôһ㡣
ǧһ꣬ǲװģյծһ죬ǻá
Ҷٺ˫Ŀ죬ʪĴأ
ʱ䣬Ʊɫǧħ
꣬һ˸߳ˣҿ㣬Сӡ
˧ĸ磬ҳ꣬ҶҪ޸
СֵܣģЩħͷӿסүҴһƣ

ҶٺӯȻЩˣѾڴ˼įǧꡣ


203 Χ
ȻѾĥĥ˶־ȴȻħʹǽڴ˵Թ޼
ҲѡΪԼķʽɡ
Ҷٺż̳ѾǧħꡣеЩʹϣĬĬ뵽
֮䣬û򣬻ªǧ谭ѣûһȵģ
û򣬱ؽªϴǧ飻ѣͣ
һ죬ʵǵ㹻ĸ߶ȣһ죬ҽڵĺ֮ɱҶ⿪ħߵķӡɣ
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ˣʱ䲻ˣڻྲ
ȵޱѹǽǧħѹû˿Ϣ
ΧָһƬŵĲߣתû˿ĿҶٺ˫ޱȹƶš
ΪɷŹΪԶŴжµħǧΪ壬쿹ڴ֮Щ洦
ޱȵͬ׹ֱҶٺеԴϢ
ֻ˫붯ʮ׼̳֮Ϻɫɷ죬ᴩʵеƣˣ
ϸһɾķᴩʣȻһ㵭ƵİʵĻƹȻ͸֪
ڻλɷŹ󡭡
ߺȵ˫ֶȻŭţƼ̳ܵľŸټǶѶʱ߲⣬𣬳ƶȥ鶯ޱȣ·ͨشƣ
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ҶٺֱоԼں֮£һɱ֮й֮ǿħ޿ƥУ֮£ϣ
ˡ
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ǧǿʿʬΪԴ󷨣ħ죬طҲΪ֮ҡ
ܰԷħ֮ͨܣԽǧǿ߷ӡǧ꣬ǱɷŹ֪Ƴˣ
ҪưԷħҪʹɷŹ󣬻ӵд˵ͨܣ
ҶٺóĽۡ
ʱҶٺɷŹ֮УȻѾһâ𣬾ȴޱȡ
ɷŹ󣬾Բֹ˰ܣ;
ҶٺޱȵĺɫɷĬĬ߶
˰ɷǳ½֮ϣڵľҲܹ⣡
ɷŹԷħҲȫܹƵ
ղ´˵ĴܣΪֻǽɱţأ
Ҷٺת·𴥼һıһ㣬Ҳ
Ǻĳһ䣬һһӰڵϣͷϵĳâ֮о˸
ǺҶٺ֮ԵİüߺɽħȻǵȴֵ˼֣ɽħӰǷ·һҪ紵һ㡣
üߣҶٺС뿪ˡǺòһҪعˡ
ɽħ̾Ϣһ૵
ԸܹԸɣҪ񼸰ǰǸһȥ޻رˡСӱǰ񳿿˲ٰҲ֪˽һءǰһΣӦѾ費˰ɡ
üüͷ˵
ȻһҶٺǲ֪ģʱڼع飬ڱѩ޵Ŀ֮У֪ǰɭȻɱء

ڣһǧʯŽʯ֮Уһȶİ׷˫ĿȻ˲ֻ߿ǰһоǳһʹƵĳâħ֮еɷŹ
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һȻűŭ֮еӣ˿ΪȻޱȣӿɫһ䡣
Ϣŭӳһвħ˵ѾԷħѹ֮ڿǿ˺ɡ
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ӳˣһСӰˣɱ֮֮䡣
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ˡ
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סħڣ̷ô˼ǿڷΧڵѲߣݲ֮ˣɱۣ

ͬһʱ䣬һʯ֮ϣһڶȻγɡ
һ룬һµѾӺڶ֮Ҷٺ
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Ҷٺµͱ£Զҩȣ
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ҶٺڻԪ«֮ϣɫͻȻ
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ܹ;ܹ½ģ뷲˵ãĪ۹ľڣ
ҶٺԶҩȷȥʱǿϢԼٲϿѾҶٺİ֮ˣ
ħͷǰħߣЩѹħͷͬɱ
£վ֮£ȴȻ˱̹ǵĸо
ڵǿˣ


204 Ҽս
Ҷٺʵսεȷḻ˲ŸһֱѾ̽ӵ˵ʵжᡣ
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ҶٺڹǺ֮вʱ䷨ںϹͨΪ죬޷ɵʹƣ
ߣȻħͷ˵а
ߵһ룬ѾӰӣҶٺɱȥʱʯڶ
ˣԽսΪ׷粽ʹޱȣޱȣʤ
Сȭ
Ҷٺȵ˫֮ϰ׶ɫâ˸߿ǳܲסƣסϰٵ
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ȭ֮֮Уħ֮еԵҶٺٳɳ
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ӡ˵䵽ķˡ
ҶٺЦǻצ⣬ֱǷӡȥ
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ۡ
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ҶٺЩˣȴǲˣҪ֪ڿǧ˽ɱ
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㻹Ųɣ˵˹ûʣҲ֪дʵֻ˶ڡ
ҶٺЦǻצһȻڲסѾ촦ˣѪһأ


205 
úݶħͷҪɱħͷҪȺ֮ˣȻܶʤ١
һͬµҡͷ
ǲյĴҶٺ𣿰ǰŵڵң˵ð˶أôǻˣڤ粻飡
һµŵӾʶҶٺˡ
ԭǴ˵ʦ棬ħҶٺȻǣһϣڵͽɱˣ

һʱ䣬Ⱥ鼤ӿҶٺ˲䱻ûڵӵĭ֮УʮӰ½߼۶ŵ춯ǰԮڵӣ
ʱҶٺѾһٵΧ·ţ
ȻҶٺȴȻ޾壬֮һͬɽһ㳯ǰϰѹȥѹֱʮΪµѹѪ磡
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һ죬ϱѾǿһټӡ
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ΪµһڣʵҲ˰ˣĳڤ粻ȻҪˣ
ҶٺЦޱȲ˿Ϊʿӡ
ݡ
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ʱϱҶٺðİߣڳҪɱҶٺѾˣ
Ҷٺ㻹־ܣĪΪ֮ºаԵǾκβ㣡жʮ֣ټϰʦǿߣɱɱ
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ǺǺǡǾԼܹԵ𣿡
ҶٺЦޱȼթ·ʲôıһ㣬ڳ˽ǲͷ
ֻҶٺ˫ӡ䣬ΧķԲ׵ľһҡΣ·Ҫڻһ㣡
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仯ǧƻãֻҪУѱ˲ڹ֮䣡
⻹Ҷٺһʹýɽͼⲻò˵һðգ⽭ɽͼ޷˶ĵУҶٺֻΧУȥܹͻΧˡ
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Ҫȥأ
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ʱҶٺѾһվҩȵĳΧȻһƬ꣬ŵսۼѾʧӰ٣
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ӹȥԭ˵Ѿ˴ˣ
ͬһĻ½ҩȵĸݣʱȥҶٺѾٶ߷ڽɽͼ֮УҪڴԪˡ
ɽͼǾս˫ֻҪǱҶٺʵ̫ڼϣ޷ƣ
Ҷٺͬĺһ㣬ҩ֮ĴѲֻѰЩһ˽еʦµߣȻֵ
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ˣô˳ѰҲһССħޣ
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ˣǷҪʾ̷õľӢӣҶٺܣ
㱨ĵսս˵ɲҺ˵Ϊ̷õĵӣ֪˵ı顣
ȻҲԤʾûʲôӣǲܽǰ⼬ֵɵˡ
΢˼˵ҹ۲һ̬ķչȻû˿취Ǳֻг̷õľӢˣߣǻӡ

ͬһʱ䣬ҶٺȻĴѰ䵥ߡ
ǰӣĸʦڵӣ˳һѻƽճɻҽû°ۼ
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ҶٺһӣȽʯֱֱӽâסЦޱȲá
ߣ˵ħͷħͷ߿Īǽ飡
Ů߳ȵһ㻯ӰҶٺֱȥȵ
ʥŮԵȣɱˣ
Ҷٺεȸһ֮±㿴ŮӲʦʵΪȻϡ
˵ʥŮȴЩ档
ʥŮںʱֿʼѡʥŮˣ
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ȻҶٺһȴ״סˣ˲ˮ˵
̾꣡
ԭǱŮŵıҶٺ÷Ůӣ̾ꡣ


206 ֮
ò˵̾ȷǸŮӣŲһ겻ѾͤͤһŹϼƣ㷢磬ޱȡ
ȻҶٺȻǶǰ̾ûаøеġ
Դӿֿ̾־֮֮Ҷٺڵ֮ŮʧȥкøС
˵Ҷٺʧ֮̾ڿĮˡ
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Ҷٺ˪кһݺŮѾҶٺõɶֱʮ֮ĵ֮ϡ
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ֻ̾иȻ⣬ɣͬһĻƽ
졭
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䡭
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ۡ
̾Ѫ磬ǳ˿Ҳ̡
ȻҶٺû˼ˣնܵҶٺɲԼЦ
ԸʬҲжԹʥŮ
̾꣬Ҫ־ֻܹ֪̫ˡ
ҶٺǻצѾ̾۾ϸ۵ƤֻһܽŮȪ
޷̾ҲѾ˫ۣҶٺԼ˶ϣ
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䡭
һ·ܽڻĹȻ̾üֱ֮Ҷٺľ̵ó鴤Բ׵һжȥ
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Ҷٺüͷµ˵̾ϱǹɾ֮ǿģ޽У
Ҷٺ뷽ŷ£Ȼе˼飬̾Ƿ뽫ɱܹġ
ſǱǿò˼ľúм֮


207 ̷
ͬһʱ䣬ҩȵĳһɽ֮УһһһյĲֻӴܣȻǡźҶٺʥŮ̾ԼŮ
ʥŮҪ֧סھȥˣΪ
һŮе˵
ۡ
̾һѪںȳѪڵӳһֱߡ
ʱ̾ήҲȥɴ֮òͬһ֦ˮȻǾǿľıȴǺȥپ
áʹ
̾һֱŮţһƴסͷԵʹ֡
ʥŮʥŮ
ŮعͷŴУԭǵʥŮѾ׻Թȥˡ

һ棬ҶٺѾٴνѰڵ䵥ԼѰҳ·ߵ״̬֮С
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ǿĲܣһвٶԹĺŮӰҶٺرϢˣҶٺҪվߵĵжˣ
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ڴʱͬһ㳯Ҷٺ
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܅܅܅ܡ
ҶٺâҫƮݿޱȣ˸оޱȵ죬ÿÿһȭܽѪʮף


208 սѪӰ
ȻҶٺȴп֪Ѫ˵ֻڣȻһȴ·һ㣬ӲǳһȭܽҶٺ˫ֻԹȥ
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ȥҲǰ취
ҶٺԷתѰõʤһƥֻ֮ءһѪˣ
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ҶٺвãһֻǰŸʵ޼ǿľˣ
ˣҪ⽫֮˷ϻˣʣ¿Զģɱǰڵͽ
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ʱʵɲֻܻʣһɲˣ
㡭ĵʲô
ҶٺΡΡĴӵϻվѪǲȻ˲ˡ


209 ɥ
Ǳøǿ󣬸ˣⲻǱ׷ô
Ц·˵֮һƽޱ˵ǹٵһ㡣
ǿζطȥһһǰ
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Ǽֱɥǻ˿Կô
Ҷٺȭͷžֱ죬ڵֱҶٺڵĳɼٴμ
ԼĵҲܹ˶ԴԴ½߸β̣

·ʲôЦһ㣬Ц
еаħôɥԼİĵԸǿΪڶôûԣҶٺħˣñħϰɣ
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·ֻԼױǿѾˡ
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䡭
һһ״ϸɫӢӵͷ֮ϡ
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Щ˱ǿȹǿֱˣϹֵ似ܹ£
Ҷٺǵ״УҪðˣȻ߸˱ȴǻܹ


210 ɺ
֮Уͻıñѡ
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ֻʣ־ŭ߾ľګվԭص˱

ŭΪڵľֵȻֻƾͻȻֵķһڵ˽Ҷٺץ߶޷ֹԿܵˡ
ֻ߶ʱһĺɫӰŭ
ҽҩȣڵÿһķһ飬һҪҶٺǽߵ˻ɱ

ۡ
Ҷٺ̲סһںѪʱɫޱȲ԰ף·Ҫ֧Ųסιȥһ㡣
ȻҶٺȴôҲ޷ιȥΪǰվһȥĪİꡣ
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ؤæڴڻؤҪҶٺҪӶˡ
ôʣпܵıгӦҶٺҪڵİٱˡ
ٱ鲼½ǧر˵ǸɵйͨǮӶҲȷһݿٵĳ÷
ȻҶٺһŵڵİٱͷͲӿһɻǰٱûʲôٶֱҪҶٺأǽˣ
뻹ҪǿѾڵȴٱľԮУڵ˻Űˣ
лǰ֮
Ҷٺ΢΢л֪ʲôطҪһ뿪Ƿ֮ˡ
ҶٺŽɽͼ͸ǿѧϢѾҶٺͷ̾õ
ҶٺҪĳŮûнϢй¶ȥ֮ʱԶ߸߷ɣȻ¾ˡ
ʱԵĿɾͲֹڵˣҪԵľ½֮ͽ
ض񣬽ҶɺˡСӵм˼ҶһսڣҪ֪ȻϿŶҪ磬ʵŲ
ɺЦȻﻹҩ֮ڣȻѾҾ£ôǰȫˣһὫƽڵġ


211 궾ľ
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ȻڴʱһѱޱȵȻҶٺ𣬰ҶٺѸȭ˲ȴǱ׵ס
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ɺԶҶٺҲľҲ̫˰ɣϬһйȻҪͽֽ£
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ڴʱľƮƮĻƴɺʱԭٻıѾǧҶǣɲǼ䱻˺ѳм
ɺɫһ䣬кȻһ͸ŹϾ񽣣ڵĶľȥŭȵ
ʳڵСӣҲǰ񣿣ҵı񽣵ɣ
ˡ
񽣷·һĺХųľ̶ֱȥ

֮ܶԲһ֮ڵĿҲֳһ㱡ı˪
ɫ˪һ·ӣ·𼴿ҪǰĶľһ㣡
ðɣϷˣȥˣ
ľ˵˿ѾҪ̵ͷ֮ϵı񽣣ȵľ괺
ֻľͬŭһ̹ⶸȻԲһ֮ڵĿռȫȻһɷ·ޱߣֱвɵֵϢֱɫĻڵҶٺҲѹԴϢ
ȣҶٺСģаܹȡ
ɺɫ࣬ԭ·Ī顣
ľ괺ҶٺƴеĶɺ裬Ŷɺԭͺĳ𽥱ð߰ףʧ
ĪҪʹ似
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ףҶɺȻӦʹҪСӣƴҲҷɣҶɺ迴ħצľ

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ҶٺʹǿԽѹ÷飡
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ҶٺŶľ˫ֲͣڳǧٸޱµӡȻ˫ĿۣȻ޷סǿȴȻӡԺ֮У

ХѩƮ㣬ɺƴȫʹı裬ⷽؼɱ
ϺУһֱʮ׳ıѩԲȻڲתͣΧӿıѩ֮һɿֲȻ

ѩԲֿתԭʯҲظѹɣ
ǿһͨʺڵϣҲǣ
ڵĸ߽ߵ̧Ͷ仯֮Ϊã
ȻƼʢһУȴǶǰľû˿ˡ
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Ҷٺ˲һ𲻶ĳ棬ǺηĺԼϣѾȫɫֲյá֨֨죡

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ϸΪˮУΪľУľˮˮûκȱ©ľǿԽǿأ
ľ䵭ٴ𣬻䣬ԭѾƽĶɺ軹ûȵҶٺľԮٴ
ٿϳֱ۴ֵĶֲ²Ϣܽɺ˸ɣ
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ˡ
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ߣħͷ
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213 ħͷħ

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ʱҶٺɺ裬ǶƵУȻǽǴӶħצľоȳħͷͻȻɱ˴ʱȴǲ̫á
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ԭħͷԶľʱǿŲԼԵòаˣһֺٻĶ
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214 һħ
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ʵϣڰָʹݶ顱ɧҶٺСܼȷǱһɷӸĥһ١

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æսս˵վҪ֮ȥ˿ҵ
ȴ⣬·뵽ʲôһ㣬Ц
ȻҲŸԸǸСӣлˣ

ڶ죬ҶٺѾˣڰʯռ䵱оһҹΪǾ١
ҶٺѾоԼҪڵˣֻµǸʱ򣬾ڵĸ֣ҶٺҲܹӲ֮ˡ
֪ħ̵ʲôҪ£ߵ˴æҶٺ૵
ԭǡݶ顱Ÿߣɷڵħħ̾ʹҴҸϵ˵ҪҪһҶٺԼɷڶһʱ䡣
Ҷٺǽˣħ뿪ʱӳɷڣزû߶Զ޺ˡ
ǹԹԵɷڣȴû˿Ŀԣ׵ķǹԹѵкúȻⶴİȫô
ҹݶ顱֮Ҷٺ㿪ʼⶴİȫˡ
ȻûҶٺϸ룬һѾԶҶٺòӳ˼״̬صʵС
˵Ǹ۵Ļô
һѴ³µܴ֮


216 ʸô
ǵģүСӣҼүͼά˴ð
ǰҶٺԵøĿ·Ҷٺһ㣬Ҷٺ˲𺳡
ˣɱȥ
ǰѷŭĽٶ
ãվҹұ㣡
֮еҶٺ̾һһӣûгҶٺĶ֮еĴѾɶȵġͨһΪ£
ڽ𾪣ǴͷƵĹһңԼƺһݽɫˣ
һƳվŵļˣæ׳Ӵĸ֣ҵˣô
ա
ʣһƬѻȸʯ֮ϣһ˴͵ŴӶлгҶٺֻо඼Ҫ̤õˡ
ʱ֮УѾվ˿ֵħޣǶǱйǰ½ġ
ţǸĳӹôôЩСϹˣһҲƽʱ簡
㲻˭߹ʥŮ°Сӿ϶ۼߵⱻǸСӳˣͻȻ˰
ʲôЦʥŮ»ûпڣǴСʲô
ҲŶ

ֵܿħѾƺҶٺǰһȺ˵ѹգߴߴ˽
ǰǸȻЩȥȴһõ˵ǷģҶٺбһ󲻷ޡ
Ūһ㶯ٽѵѵһǸ֪ôСӣļһõӡȴŪɳ׾Լεľˣ
һУֻΪǰСӣʵƺԤеĸٰ߳
Сӣôӵʻش֪ҵǺˣһƾܽⱿ
֪ʵѾҶٺƻסˣΪǲм˵ųĬæµ
ϻ࣡
ҶٺһƶȻǡ
ǷŻԲѷѾͬһ㵹ɶѪֱˤ֮֮ϡ
Ȼͬȴû˿ӦǱҶٺŵôסˡ
ȻڴʱԭվڹĬŮӾЦ˳ҶٺҲһ
λСֵúܰǸյɷڲðɣɷڻӭǿߣ
أ߳ŮЦͬ¶Ҷٺ־ᶨ֮ҲҡΡ
ҶٺѾߵǰŮӣֻŮһ£͹µľ¶ǰһ˫۾ˮת̬ȴһ
ǹ߳Ҷٺûעԭ˴һȻŮ
һ˲¹ͷ
ҶٺжʱǰŮһӳ˷Ҷٺæգ¶ɫĶŮЦ
Ҷٺȷǳأ˲ز죬Ҫһأ֪λɷԸ⵱ҵĵأ

ŮǽЦʱ·ʧɫΧ۵ѾɫĹ鶼ˡ
ֻŮЦСŮӵңūˡ
ʲôʥŮ¾ȻҪгΣʲô
ϹҵĹۣ̫ˣʥŮ°ôܸŸʶ˺
СӣԺôүҼ㣬ñүҼ㣬ҶҪιǣ

ʱ䣬ǺĴҶٺ
⣡ȻŮ
Ҷٺʱѹԭ֪֮ѾΪŮһ
ݼߵŮȻزʶҶٺǰħ޵ϣΪ֮У
СӡүҪɱ㣡
ѾͲסˣԼѾõȥһУ̬Ȼܵˣ
ĵĹѾһͬһ㳯ҶٺȥҪҶٺ˺Ƭ
ߣҰ
Ҷٺߵһ֮䣬һɫѾĹƳԶ
ҶٺһݣȻһЦȥ΢Цŵ
ȻҶٺĵΣôǾһͬϤϤɷڵķòɣ
һıСӵ⸱ģа
ĳԲҪΪǸ๨һڶѵѵŵСӣȴԼҪȥˡ
ǺǣҶӽˣȴǻҪūȸˣնҶһɷڡ
ȻᣬҶٺȴ̺ŭ⣬еޱȡ
⵱ȻˣҪ찡Ȼҿܾͺ˹ɷˣ
ҶٺѾԦ˫ħ۶ȥϵƦΧСӺʹвˬ
ҶٺǸŮóѣҪΧ˶ļޣΪ֮УҪһЩ۵ġ
֪ȻҶٺܵɧţҶٺҲù˵ɲʲô¡
Ҫ
ҶٺصʱһȻȴǱҶٺһƴԶĹ
ʵҶٺͷǹѵվҪ͵ϮģôһʦΪˣҶٺûϡ
Ϊ㹻ʸô
ҶٺͷҲأȵ
ȻҶٺŸ˵ڣͻȻף̧ͷĳգ
ôҹʸô
ڴʱһɱ֮ϴ
ţһµѾ٣
ֻһ˫Ŀâͭ޽һɷâ¶ֱƵҶٺ飬ֱһα


217 ս
ܣôˣ
ԭͬһҪҶٺȥĹһȣ·ʲôһ㡣
ûãȻˡ
ȻĮޱȣ·Ͳа飬ȻҶٺǹȻ˵ɸһս
ҶٺȻһ˸һʶĸоʱӵеĳô
Ŀˣսˣ
ǰˣ˵ʱдհ
һֻΪʵߣֻսֻĹˣ
ҶٺһЦȻǰزʶҶٺ·Ѿ˽һ㡣
ֻҶٺ˫ֺâһǻצѾȵĴϣ΢ЦҶٺʸմ
ڣϻ˵㽫ҸǱͱҹˣ
ȵһɰԵħȻ˲ѾҶٺߣһֻצȻҶٺϴ
ðԵƷ⿴ɷڵķְɣ
Ҷٺǻצǹ磬ءһӲǽ˹ڵһ
ҶٺȻ׾ٵĽ˹ڵһΧ۵ħ޽һȻǰһĻ
ɷڳ˰˵ѾˣǰоȻܹǹƥħ
һʦС˵
ʲôֿⷭѾ£ܵУҹ绹иɱëͷСô
˵СԣһȥŨüĴȻԹʮ㡣
䡭
ħգħֱҶٺѹм
ҶٺӲǴȭſסڵһ
ˡ
ҶٺŸսһħƵƻȥ
˫ֵѾûһɷĺҶٺֱ˶Ҷٺú޻֮
ڹȻɷڵľţŲ̶غϣѾҶٺѹ·磡
ޱȣͬһޱߵľ
Ҷٺап࣬ǰڵȷһɶõսˣһһʽ̩ɽѹӾ̣Ʋɵ
ǣôһħŰĵطʹڹԼֻصȵɱУһʱ䣬ôˣ
ϲڵġǡȷĪ⣬֣ɷڵϹǰ߹
˵һƥħİӡٴȻҶٺȥ
䡭
ħŰ
ʯɣ
ҶٺվĵҲֱӺһ״ӣ
ٿʱҶٺѵվڴ룬Ѫ
ɷڵ似ȷǹɱ˫ʹڵ֮޷⣡ȴֻӲˣ
ҶٺĬĬǻצһ֮Ѿʧֳڱһħƣ
ħħƥһޱȣ·ħɵİ׳ĸħ˲֮γɣ֮ƴնѹò飡
ħƷ·ʱգڷɽ֮ϵĹֱĶȥ
˼
ڴЦµĺɫ޽ݡһԶɵ֮С
Ȼܹģ±˵似Ҳڡľ磬㻹ܽõġģ³ҲܷУ𣿡
кɫ޽бָȵңģ³ҵĽ𣿣ҵħ
ˡ
Źеĺɫ޽źƵ̶ֱףȭʹһǹ⣬ħҫȴ֣䡱ĳǺɫ޽ֱײȥ
ȭƼ󣬲ʤңħơ
ڴɱ֮ӿɲǼħƵ
ֻǺɫ޽֮һڹⱬޱȣ
ɫ޽ڹҶٺȭâײһ
䡭
ӿֱ֮ƳԶ
ԭҶٺ͹ڽ֮أֳһ״Բӣ
ȿȡ
ҶٺѪǴӵ߳ٿ֣Ѫ
ҶٺһյУ֡
ֻյԼһӰǹڣ
ʱĹִɫ޽ҲһĶҶٺͬһͷĶǡ
ܹҵһҼʵŵǰʮˡ
ڻ˵ȴǶҶٺ΢Ц˵·Ҷٺʵ൱һ㡣
ҼԴˣ
ҶٺޡһеһںѪڵϣо˸Ҳ΢Ц˵
Ϊκβô
ֻҶٺ鲽Ҳǽ̤գͬһƮȻȥǵһ󾪺
ҶٺҲܲնУΥ½ʶ鰡
ȴڽȺĿӣܵˣ
ʵҶٺǰ⹨ڵľٶٴηҵնеķġ
ȻĹҲܹնУôһĳЩطġ
طǡǡͺҶٺյķڵһޣ
ǺǡԵҼǿģһҽܱԵÿʼмֵˡ
˫ḧɫ޽Ϸ·һɱԼ͸Ҷٺļޱȡ
ֻڲ·ǰҶٺһ㣬˵֪ħô
ҶٺŹڵģ˵˾ȻһգҶٺȴǳĬȹڵĽ͡
Ҳк棬ʲôĽܹƾӲĽȭƣ
˽İٶǰɷڵʷǿߣҹĦħħħһ
жȻһž⣬Ҷٺ·ܹиܵһɳ־ĵ


218 ó
պһΪ
Ҷٺаǰȴǲɫ
ǺǣԭħȻʤң
ߣ񣡡
˵ħ·һڷɶħħɣ
ֻͬħһ㣬֮ƳҶٺֱ紺ŭ
ܽҵĵڶʽҹʽΪ֣ҫħɱ
𡭡
ħһħѪޱǿֱ֮Ҷٺȥ
ħ֮ձƥأֱȡҶٺ
ȡơ
Ҷٺ˫֮ǹţһɳѹƾղֲѹͬǳܻһУ
ȭǽ
䡭
ֻħ֮޿ɵֵ
ҶٺʩչӵƥȭҲ޷ס˰Եһ
Ÿһ棬ҶٺеǹѾͬƬ飬ҶٺǱħõϰף
ۡ
Ҷٺһ·Ѫ磬͹ڽ治ãѾشʱǽӽڻѣˣ
Ҷٺͬ׵ǿģ֮ڵϹҲй֮
ǿǰµϹɱ似
Ҷٺʹȭڵĸ߽ҲòâȻȴȻ⹨ڵһ֮У
ɷڵĹȻǰԵޱȣҪҿɲ׵ģ
Ҷٺѵվ𣬿ѪȻסʣޱңܹۿҲ̼ۿȥ
ȻҶٺȴȻյеĹȥɫᶨ
ûʸһսȥܹ꣬ҵʽħˡ
ڽħﬡһĽʵУת뿪
Χ۵Ҳ겻ѣ̾ϢҰҲҪŹ뿪
νɢʲŻҶٺмӵħҲŭתҪȥ
һΪ˿ԴǲһĹڵһС󡣡һ۵ĴӲ˵
ҪעΪһɷڵǿˣýȻҪΪɷڵĵһħˡһ̾Ϣ
ȱ¶ۣ쿴Сӣվˡ
ڴʱһͻȻ
ȻûǷӦֻܡһ죬ԭߵĹѾֱɳʮף
ԭҶٺѾվֻʱҶٺ˫۳죬ԶѾվĹڣһѾ̵Ѫеͬɱ
𣿣һô֪ҾͲܽ򵹣
ֻҶٺǻצ˸⣬ѾվõĹȥ΢Ц˵
ǺǺǡƾ㷽ǹĪұٴһսҵĻᡣ
ѾֶվԭأȺҶٺһ·һ㣡
Ҷٺŵһڻûдڶ˺
ôɡ
Ҷٺ૵ǻצڹ䣬һɾޱȵħ
ֻҶٺͬһһ㣬ױȵٶȳȥӰԲ׽
˸ͬһͷԱһעŷҶٺɷ죬ħƼҶٺȥ
ûõģվҡ
ڴȣͭɫһһа׳ĺɫħѾ˲γɣħ죬ֱҶٺȥ
޵𣿣
Ҷٺ˵ǻצӣǡܡһǿȥޱħӲĻ
ֻҶٺ͵ıһޱȵϢеޱȹ죬Ǵһ׺ѹڷȥ
ٶο裡
Ҷٺһ죬Ʒ·֣ڿлһ׹⣬ֱȥ
ۻҲѹòѣ
䡭
һ촫ԭٲȻ˵ĹѾػõɶֱײԶĹľУǵΧһ󾪺
찡쿴ëͷСӾȻƣǱҪ֪潻氡
ܵĹڽǾֱ֣̾Լ۾
ǰ
֮ǰһֱѹ·ҶٺȻܹһ̬ͬսһ㽫ڻֱǺŵϢ
ѵһֱ˶Ŀ
һʱ䣬ܹս߽ΪҶٺ֮ǰڼװйڡ
Ҷٺ֮ǰڹʾô
Ȼǵģ
ʱҶٺ֮ƣΪͻȻһĪ
Сħƣ
ȵħ·ͻȻ֮ͬһ㳯Ҷٺֱȥ
𡭡
ҶٺӥԱȾǻצ˷ͬһ㳯ץȥ
ҶٺĹޱȣڲ˷ħڹţħŰܡһҶٺеǻצֱײһ
ء
ϯؼ䣬֮Ҳٴαƿʮף
ƵڵҲضã
ٿҶٺ͹ڵĽ֮أҶٺ͹ȻֱֱվڵȴڲϵѪ
Ҷٺٶοشˣ
湦ȭеһƴˣ
ڿЦԵñǰΪ˷ˣЦ
һԵø˼ɣһҶٺʵɣ
ڻû˵꣬ҶٺƮƮһȭѾеħӴһ𣬽ţǡ䡱һõɶ
ۡ
ڿѪȻõɶȴȻǧħ׷ƵҶٺҰ
ܣ
܅܅ܡ
죬ƣ


219 ٺ
ʱھȻҶٺú޻֮
ħƽ˷޼᲻ݣȴǱҶٺһֻǧ飡
ԷƸ꣬еˣȴ޷κʩչٶο֮ʼǿҶٺ
Ϊֹˣ
Ҷٺ˵ǻצֱͬѾشĹڵץȥ·һҪڿƶǣ
Ȼڴʱһ쳹ؼ䣬ӲΧսϰҲ˸
ƵʹħʽԺ
ԭǱҶٺ÷˵ĹڣѾ֪ʲôʱڿУħųħ⣡
ֻѾߵǻצû˿ӣħ绯˸ǣյн֯ڹ⣬ƥħգɱһУ
ħ𡭡
ȣͬŭҲ
ݺᣬħؼ䣬·ҪеҶٺɱΣ
ȣúá
ֻҶٺǰǧٽۣȴŭһ糤޷Զ˫Ѫ죬Ҳֳɫ·Ǳһű֮ڻҪǿħ
ޱȾħ
𡭡
ֻҶٺأ
ںħͬųȥ·Ҫ˺Ƭ
ôܣɷڵˣôӵɷڵľħ
ڿУȻΪԼħҶٺƵҲû˿Ӧ
찡ëͷСӾʲôˣħ̳ӵ˾ħѵĳλ߳ϵ˽ӣ
Χ۵Ҳǲ²ֹҶٺݵĲϣ
ܣ
˶ڲ²ҶٺݣҶٺȴû˿˼ˣ
ʱҶٺֻеԼڷ·Իӻ·ԼҲѾΪһ㣬޼᲻ݣ
Ź֮ʱҶٺǴ߶ħҳ֮⣡
ۡ
ǴһںѪʱ񷽲ǰ䣬ǱҶٺͬɥ֮Ȯһ㣡
ˣصĹȻǿĮվԭصҶٺȥǻҶٺȥ
սˣ亱
绹й⸱ģеپȥɷڵĵһǿߣ
ڵľʵǱǰëͷСǿٵģȴǱԷ湦ˣϧϧ
ҿɿҶСӣĳ˽ӣ˴λʰڵء

Ļһȫġ
Ҷٺ˵һͷڷƮѪ죬״ħ
ҶٺȻȥʮ㣬ʵʵȴֻס
ʱҶٺѾǿ֮ĩǰս˹ʩչһħƣҲɽҶٺѹ
ǿħҶٺ·ľһ㣬ƣߣ
Ȼһö֣պҶҶֵָ̣עҹڽϴ̤ʯ
ҶٺĻͣסŲ˵һʧӰˡ
ҶٺҲ޷׽Ӱ
Ӱȥ٣ֻһΪսˡ
Ҷٺ૵ϸԺȻŵĹڵĴ·𿴼ʱԼ
һ֮ɷڵ޻ط𣿡
Ҷٺε̾Ϣ
ǹȥûйʧҲһ⹨һ޶Ӱɡ
ȻûɢȥħߣҶٺüͷŮƺ˲鷳
ջˮŲҶٺԱøеҶٺȺǻŵС
Ҷٺڴ˴Ķгӣ¾ͲҪܵһЩĽŮĿ˵ˡ
ȻҶٺŸ߻ضС
δ״̬߶ޱصˣ֮Ǵһ
ǻû뿪Ĺ˹ڵĴ磡
ȻΪߣֻʦΪȴǲ
ʱҶٺѾ˵᲻״ʱҶٺʱ
ɧĹС̴ž죬ŲʱѾһȺߡߵҶٺĶǰַɫ֮ͽ
ҶٺûֵССү
ҳӦս㲻ǺܺôǽҼСҲҵϷôôȴ¶ˣֱһС󣡡
ǣһȥǸû˺ƬǵСֻع

ʱ䣬ҪַҶٺ˳ҶٺĶֱȥʯҲ·𱻺ƵƵ΢΢
ˡ
еҶٺû˿Ӧϰߣŭųӿȥ
ڵĶͬڣŹ˳
ֵǣɱȥһͽɱˣһмӵģ尡
վڹԵǰȺޱȼʱӲϰͬжһ㣬ĳǺںĶгȥ
ҹ
ڴʱһŭأǶʯҲ¿ʯм
ֻԭƴȥͬһڵһ㣬ӿȵ͸˴ֱɶޱ׳ۣ
Ҷٺͬһֲһ𣬾Ǵһɲݿܵľѹ˿֮ġ
Ż׺ݵ÷·ϰͷһǣʱѾҶٺŵͬһͷͷһ㣬ڵϲŲֺ
ʱǰѾŵ˫ŷĹףǰΪҶٺˣҲǿðġ


220 ߲
ӣǣǻΪɡ
ԭΪҶٺСܼҵʱѾǱҶٺŵƨˣֻ뿪Ƿ֮ء
ʱʶҶٺʵô᲻Ҷٺ鷳أ
ϾǰǸҶٺ˶鷳İ
ΪɷһǿߵĹڶܹʤˣ˿ðģ
ĬĶǰǼžޱȣ֮ͬһʯڣо˸
Ϊɷڶĳӣ̲ڶҶٺȻʥŮڶǰҶٺɱɰٿǧܽͷ֮ޣ
ȥѶҽ
ȵɭ̹ǵԭѾ߻һòŵĿһĹ
ӡҪô
µʵȻԹľޱȾȡ
ܵҲôӿ־嵱˽
һĺȻӱڸֽԼ
Ҷٺ˴ҪһˣϾʱѾ˰ܹһڸֵл
ǳʶˣǲ벻׵ıԺԲҪ͹ԡ
Ĺ
쵰ӽѶûõķ
м˿ķŭΨΨŵŵӦ˼㼱æȥһ˿â
ΧĶУȻھƵҶٺȻ˫ۣޱνָơ
ȥȱһĺģҶٺһ˿ĸо
ˣ
Ϊߵô
ڴʱһѱޱȲ˿еȻڿ𣬽ţһа׳ħƷأŻħϻܵȻȥ

ͬһʱ䣬ɷڵħɽ֮ϣһԵɽ֮ϵ㹬УһϸŮźɫ£ٴңʣɪį֮жȻ
ڴʱһӰŮӵγɣȴһڵϵĹߡ
ֻ˹ڵϣɭ̹ǵƹС
ʥŮʱ֮ǰ֮ӹڲˣȻ뿪
ֻһƬ̵ĳĬ֮
úãʱ֮󣬴Ϊӱ𣬽˻ɱ
ʥŮ¡
ǱӰŵ˵ű㻺ʧľĹУֻʣǷ·ʱᱻ紵ߵļˡ
ɱ֮ˡǸҶٺСӣʥŮģҵ豾ʥŮߣ
ֻµŮ˵ȴ˫΢΢죬Ҳ֪Щʲô

һ棬Ҷٺסʱ֮ǰ
һȺɫεħ޽һ㵵ͬһ߽Ǿ۽һĵط
ֻħɢȥֻ֮һָӡٿӡ֮УȴǾһСӡ

ޱȲҵԭΪԼͽôһĳӹܹӴ˺ɷ֮ڣȴŸѵһҶٺëͷСӣ㱻ֱͽȪˡ
û˻Ϊȥֻʦģɷ֮ڲǶţëĴڡ
Ȼڳÿһ˽ĻŲѡ
Ҫ֪ǷſɶǽźҪ˼ҳιǵİһǸͬħһҶٺʹһǿƥħƽԼͷϣ
Ҫ˰æô
Ҷٺùսľıƣħ
ֻҶٺһƮ˳ȾԵͬһǧ꺮ĺڵĶ֮ǰ
㡭ĪҪֺͱү¾ΪԶңȻܹˡ
µ˵ǰźò׻ڼҶٺ˵һ˲ɢˣзŽѵİ
ҶٺڵЦ΢죬һںħѾڹͷ֮˲γɣѹǵضĹͷҲѹž죡
ֻҶٺ΢΢ħѾ谭ĽץУԽץԽҶٺЦ쳹ء
䣬߾עҪ̭ɣһֻ̫ˡ
ֻôµġžԭĹѾҶٺٳħˣ
ǿһ˰ȴǱҶٺ˲̵Űɱ
ܻдϰĪ
˲ħ޵ҲֻЩʮɱ˿ħ
Ҷٺе󣬶ʱΪһɱ¾޶ȵħͷ
ǣ˭Ҫĺ󳾵ģվ򣬸ҹ
Ҷٺޱȣһ˫ڣ·ڤĶħһ㣬ʣŵû
Ӱܰ
ԭѹѹһƬҶٺŸտʼʱ̣ѾͬǵһһҲûΪħ޵ģ
ھԵǰ׺ݵĵҲһҶٺѾʣһǽɽҰпǧ롣
ȻڴʱҶٺͻȻǵó죬ۡһһںѪ
ǸӹʵȻǿҵˣ˹Ҫ⵽ɡ
Ҷٺ϶Ȼɫʼϵơ
ʱҶٺ˵Ѿ;ƿݣûϰߣҪӿ˳ˡ
˵ҶٺɷڶĳӹŰɱȻҶٺ˰ȴǺԵɵġ
Ҷٺɲϣһӵǿʵĳݶʱ̵Լ⹨ҪһڵĸɱҶٺȻóˡ
ǸϽѰһƫƧĵط˰ɣ˴ɾ
Ҷٺ˼ŸսɱҶٺɵǹӱףһưˡ
ȻҶٺҪȻ뿪֮ʱƿմԶҶٺХȻⲻƣ


221 ʥŮ
ӣ㽫Ƕ׶ɱ˰ȻȥĹɣ
ֻһ˿ٵķɫޱɱȻҪҶٺɱ
ɱҵģֺαôһûʵĽأ
ҶٺЦͻȻһʹҩУʱһů˲ҶٺľʣʱҶٺˡ
ҶٺεȴϻۣŰǹһʱȻʱŲ˰ʱҪȡжȻè壡
ǸʲôʥŮİɣ
Ҷٺ΢Ц˵ǻצ˸µȥ
ɣߣ޻أǵˣҳȥ̵ġ
ֻҶٺͬһʯһ㣬ݺݳ˼۶ȥͣش֮ˡ
ֻҶٺȣжȻһǹ⣬ȭ
䡭
ըؼ䣬ȻҶٺȴΪƾ⻹δȭܹǰڵɱŸմһȭҶٺһУʮ׳ĻԪƴۻѹѹȥ
Ƶѹ̺ǸħҲܹƥУ
Ųһ֮ڵѾҶٺõɶ
ڵˡ
Ϊ׵ĺ˵׹˸ȴҪӣ
ҶٺȻǰʹڵĹˣأ
ֻҶٺ鲽Ҳ·΢΢ɫޱȣɭɭ˵Ҳȥˡ

֮Կ֮Ƚɷѹ·磬һҪԭڵľǿ챦֮߱㽫ǿɷڹƣ
׶ϣйǿɷܿڵĶ֡
Ȼ¶⣬Ʃİǰɷڵǿҹħ㽫ڴܶӡ
ǣ֮ҲûЌֹˡ
Ҷٺϰɫʡ
ֻһ׳˲γɣۼ׸壬ϰɫ裬һ˫ĳ۽Ѿ˵ɱ֣·һҪȫ̽У
ΪƾڵµȹܳԶɣ󣬿ħɱ󡭡
Ϊ׵ĺһ˫ֻ䣬ϰٷµӡ˲磬һޱѹֵħ겻·Ҫ
һϸħͬǧߣ·˲佫Ҷٺٌƣ
ŭХ
Ҷٺߣ׳Ȼ棬һų泯ǿħɱȥ֮ǿҲŤ
䡭
죬ȻҶٺٌħɱɱ𣬲ɱҲùǧȸµУҪ˴롣
Ȼɢȥ֮󣬻ȻվŵģֻʣΪ׵ĺˣȻΨһҴȴѾҶٺشˣҶٺһҲ޷ˣ
ѧ似ȫȻʹõҶٺʵԳư¾ҲҶٺһ֮У
ȥˡ
Ҷٺ˵ǻצ磬֮
ֻҶٺǾֹĺȥȡ
ȻڴʱҶٺצ˵Ĳһ֮ң֮ʱҶٺһΣжȻ˲ʮ֮⣡
ء
һ죬Ѫⷭɣԭ˻õ˲ڲըɭɭ׹Ҳըɹм
ߡ
Ҷٺƺһɫ죬ȴȻص˷ˡ
Ƿ֮أǲҪΪʲôҲҪ֪Ϣ˰ɡ
ȻҶٺǺΪλᱬըҶٺȴԴȤҶٺҪģǽá
صȻ谭ҶٺնС
ֻҶٺʩչƾնҶٺ·û˿ë˲Զʡ
Ƭ֮Ҷٺɷߴս֮ǽ֮أһò֪ںھ֮һӰ֣ȴҶٺйһ֮ԵŮ
ǧ˾Ů˵أ
˵ǽҶٺͺ˵սﰡ
ѹǺͻȻ䱬ը
ڵڰɷڵ߿ɲ԰ڰҶٺе˼Ǻǡ
ЦͭЦ֣ͬơ
һʱ֮һƫƧɽȵУڱʯûκڡ
һƬ֮أһƬ½ĵط
ȻڽգеһĺɽУһϰɫâ²ϢɽȾޱ죬ȴ˵Ҷٺˡ
ʱҶٺѾɽаʱ֮ˡ
ƾǿʡޱȵԼҩİҶٺѾϽе˶ˡ
ʱһҶٺаսƾϰħܽ׻
ΪѾڵҶٺֻоʹòڵڴˣҲе֮һս
ȷһײɶõ񹦣ӵй似ܹԦ磡
Ҷٺڤ뵱УʱΪŵĴսһλ
ÿһεսܹҶٺ򵽶ֵ似֮Ӷֵ似ϰ֡
һڰټ֮ΪһḶ́
һڻͨḶ́
ֻҪҶٺܹԼϰõİٰΪһ壬»Ķ֣
ʱҶٺѾڵĻԪԼɷڵħ̺޾֮Ϊһ壬ԴԪħƣ֮κηٱҶٺڳԵĽ֮֮һ޵ķһԴܹնУУԷķо
ˡǹɹħˣ
ҶٺȻ˫ͬѪʯ֮ģ


222 ɱϮ
ҶٺҪ빨ڶԾ֮ʱڶȻžޱȣͬħ֮ϢһħŪ
ǿһҶٺеļޱȵ
ڵĺ߻ϾҲûиһɺƴ÷·޷ܵѹ
ͻħ·һźبҶٺͷըҶٺʱĵ
ȻҶٺʹѾǿޱȵľÿһϸѰȴҲ˿
ǹͬһ嫵ħǷ·ͻȻһ㣬ʧӰ٣
ʵϣǴʱ˫۵Ҷٺܹ˫һȻᾪޱȵķ֡
ȻƵϰɫ⵱УеͬǳʯһѪ˸·ȪһҶٺʣ
ҶٺƤҲɴĿĵѪɫ
Ѫ죡
ǴʱлǧϹڴˣȻᾪĴⲻ߰˰ǰɽħħѪ𣿣
ҶٺȻڲ֪нѪķ
ǿħߵмȥħɽߴҶٺħ֪֮
ֻҶٺϣͬʥַȴ޾Ѫڣȥޱȣ
ǿҶٺڵѪ֮
Ҷٺ֮壡
˵Ҷٺʱ壬ѪҺȻ̺ԪԼ̹ԪּĴݲ£ҶٺνͬƷǿᣡ
ħԴҶٺ֮ʱѾܸоÿһ缡ɵľʹ
Ѫɲʲô鰡ǿζҪܰƤʹ
ѪǽӽԲе湦ħޱȣȴܴһͬԼǿħƾ湦
ҲֻɽħǵȺ˲Ż˼ᶨ־ɣ

Ҷٺ˫Ŀˡ
ѪŨüܻѪˮγһѪɫԲҶٺ
Ҷٺʹľ˿˿Ѫ磬·˲ѪҺ⣡
һʹḶ́һḶ́ȴҲһ쾪Ḷ́
һ¾
ˡ
һ֪Ӻ춯ʱ߸տʼϰѪʱ
ٿǼžƫƧɽȵϿգһѪȻƣγһѪɫУʣ
ѪѪ⣬Ļ꣡ȡ
Ҷٺɫ죬˫Ŀգ˫ֶȻһӡһļµĿֲҶٺڶ𣬷·ܹݻأ
Ѫ裬ϾѪ񣬴Ų֮
ȻڴʱһȻ֮ͻأޱȣ
µɣ
ͻȻͬħһޱȵĿֲ⣬Ȼв԰εҶٺſȥ
ҶٺֵѪؼʱ̣ȴڴʱӭһ
Ҫ֪˿̵ҶٺþȫĻ꣬˼赲һ
ء
ľصʯУ̺޾һŵҶٺѾɶ磬صˤ֮ϣкѪֱ磡
ҶٺĹؼʱ̰һ˿Ҳ߻ħ۴ʱش
ʱҶٺѵ˫ɫףϷŻޱŨѪɢͬһ鷲̥
ۡ
ҶٺؿһƣһںѪѪζ̱ǡ
ͻȻж˴ķͻ͵ϮҶٺˣ
Ǻˣȡ֮
ҶٺֱǰĲ֮ͣ˵
֮ˣ֪ô顣
һ£ڻ谵ʯз·ڰһ㣬Է֡
ֳֻ̿һľذףһޡѹֵϢԼ
ߣǺˣðҶٺҶ죡
ҶٺȣͬѪʯƴŵѪ⣬ϰɫͬ纣ֱǴ̿͹ɱȥ
ߣ
ش̿һذΣâ˲γɣ׵ĽҶٺסˣ
ֻǴֻ̿죬â˲䳯Ҷٺȥ
С
Ҷٺȣ缫ƷʯƳӿĺâӭͷ£
ˡ
Ǻâ̺ޱ߻ֻһҶٺѪˣ
ҶٺպޣƵνϼˣ
Ҷٺ˷о̤У˫һ죬ԪħƳޱѹҲñ
䡭
ħƷأޱħǴ̿ѹȥǼӲʯҲñ
ȻҶٺȴû˿иǰһӵΪĴ̿;Բ˲ã
ͬһͷںڰеǣȴһ֮ᣡ
ȻҶٺٻĻԪħƴδɢȥ֮ʱҶٺ󱳶ȻðһƬ亹һвϷŴ󣡾ǿһ
Ҷٺת˰ԵĹв
Ҷٺһ˫Ѫͨ죬ǡ硱һǳֱذ׸ס
ǿɽһȴֻҶٺд𻨣Ҷٺ֮ǿ֪
ʵȻκβҡ
Ҷٺǿصƣ۶ǰĴ̿ͣǻצ£·Ҫ̿͹ɱȥ
ȻǴ̿ȴ΢Цһذ׺â㣬ЦͬһͷȮ
ѾôϷʽʼɣ
Ҷٺпһ죬ʱ
޴ǿʼܵһޱߵĻʼǴ̿ʵʵɱʯҲѹñ룡
Ũɱ
һǧѪ⽽ɵĳɱ
ޱɱԻأ
ɶ˵͵ľɱ
Ҷٺǿѹڱɱ÷ӿƣ˲һɳƣɱƵĴ̿ʹȥ


223 
ûõģɱء
Ǵ̿ѪɫǧħҪҶٺ˶ȥ
ણ
粣㴫ٿԭۻɫƻδӽ̿ͣѾѣɢյС
ֻʯУɱסͣͬǧһ㳯Ҷٺȥ
Ѿ˵Ҷٺ߾ɱɱֵĶ֣ҶٺѾѪ޳ɣѾӵп壬ȴȻɱüը
ߣǿɱӦһɱְɣ
ҶٺһںѪ˵лֻɱ磬Ӳǽܵޱɱ֣˵
վҪΪҵ꣡Ⱥٶο衭
ֻҶٺݺᣬֻֻ侹ǧɱôˣ
ǧѵУ
ȺٶοȻǹɱ
ɱ磬ȻҶٺȴͬһ㣬ޱɱУնشƣֱɱֹɱȥ
úãһɣɱ¾֡
ҶٺѾͬѸһ㹥ɱɱǰɱȴΣ壬˫ֽϰӡ
ɱ˲仯ǧѪ·ҪҶٺѪˮ
еѪâƥܻ£ػҶٺϣ
䡭
ɲǼ䣬Ѿȱɽ֮Уĩգ
ʵʵɱɱԲ׵ĺʯ鶼ɱñɷĩ
˵ǡɱ¾֡Ĺ֮µҶٺˡ
ʱҶٺͷ·籩굱еһҶСۣŰʩչȺٶοҶٺȴͬͶ־֮أ
Ȼȴάֲã
ɱ¾ֲʩչϢʱ䣬ҶٺѾƥɱɱѪģ
ҶٺͬһǿɱУҪ⽴ˣ
ȥɡ
Ҷٺ˫۳ޱȣͬһͷһʧӰ٣˲ɱֵʮ֮⣡
ֻҶٺ˫ޱĶӶǴʱֱɱֵץȥ
ڡ
â䣡
ҶٺɱһоǴɱ¾ֱ֣ȡɱֵţ
֮ǰ֪ԼôİɡңѪӰʳҼɱ֣ӰУ
̿ߵذ黮ҲʲôԭʮҶٺѾڡءһ쵱еɶѪĽžǱ׶
ۡ
ҶٺѪ£ѪâţӲǽһĿɱͽ顣
ؿڶҶٺԲͻȻϧĳɱȥ
ؤҶҶٺ֮
Ҳùģ
Ҷٺŭ˲γźɫУͬźڱʯһȥ
ͬһʱ䣬ֻҶٺǻצâţֱȥ˲ɫʥâţظӵӶ
Ƕ
ҶٺԴĴɱУټؤĳ
һʳڵü
䡭
䡭
ϵıըһǿըǿԭѾһٶ׵ʯӲٴף
ûõģվҪΪһg
ڴʱһޱȵĺȻҳд֮ıһبؼĺâҶٺȥ
ʩչλҶٺԼҶٺѾΪ͸֧ȶԹȥʱ⾪һ
ֻҪǾһҶٺϣҶٺҪױϣ
ǧһ֮ʣһѻޱȵľ
Ҫ
ֻа׿ĺâѾҶٺֻһ֮ԶҶٺ·ҲѾε÷飡
ȻʱһСӰͻȻҶٺǰ
ǾȻɱҶٺŮ
䡭
һ촫µĽŮѾɱӰеɱиõɶֱײҶٺϣԶ
ŮֻʦΪ
ʱڵΪʵֲޱȵɱӰеɱдУ׶༪ٰ
ӰдӲɱ޹߰ɣ
ɱӰذ׺â˸˵ǻҪǰȥҶٺ׻ɱ
˵ȴҪµġ
ޱȣҶٺƿһѪ֮ϣͬСһ㡣
Ȼ˼ʱȴɫ԰ף·һ̱Ҫһ㣬Ѫвȴ൱صƣ
ȻѾߵӰУȴû˿ֻϸ
Ҫɱʹҵʬ̤֮ȥɡ
ȻˣǱֻеˣ
Ӱбû˿仯Ҷٺȥܻһеĺâ£ҪѾҶٺȥ
ˡ
âޱȣѹգ¡ϣ
̺߾ǿһ֮ǰӵǿҶٺҲû˺ۣοǰֻʦŮӣ
ֻἣѪӣΪҶٺµһѾüɢȻʱȴȻǿĵƥâ֮ǰ
ǿԴݻһУ·һŮҪΪʷ̣
ȻڴʱһͬںɭĺâչᴩӲǽҲ˺ѿ
䡱һһ֮ңâ֮ϣ
ء
â䣡
ԭܹ˽ĺâѾ֪ӺζĹסˣ
ڴʱӰͬһԲ˼ٶȳɱӰеԣȴɫֳѪɫĺħޣ


224 ħѪ
ʥŮ£û°ɣ
ڴʱһӲʲɣȻһͻȻֵúӣȴǽüĿʷǷ
ִֻһħŮʱĲ֪ӵ˲䣬ɫһ䣬ȻһתͷֱӱذΧӰС
󵨴̿ͣҶɷڵʥŮɱ⣡
˵ľ飬
ʱǡøֱͿ˵ľǰ
ȳһںѪϸ˵
ʥŮû£ңȥɱǸ̿ͣ

ֻǺŭȵϾǶȻһޱѹֵϢħԭѾޱȿɽҲǱ˲伷ѹö֣
Ӿһڵĸ֣
һʳڵĸ߽ߣڵǿħޣǸŮߵĽ¾һǧ˹ģСҲܻ𰡣
󵨴̿ͣɣָ
Ϊħ޵죬һһŭ̧ʱһڹָ⣬׵㳯ɱӰдȥ
ɷָ
ɷ似Ӱ޺ۣɱ¾꣡
ʳڵɷħôһ
ɱӰйЦԭѾɢޱɱ˲ٴᣬǵضǻһѪɫӡءһƶ̱ӣ
Ȼڵǿױֵ
ָ޼᲻ݣ˲佫յѪֻɷ飬Ӱȥ
ɱӰеľεȷḻ¾ڵҲɱ
һʼҲûдͨһѪӡָ
ʵϣƱѪɫӡһڣѾӰ˲ܿĻˣ
λڣٴһݴ񡣾ɱɱ֮ŭ
һĮӰвŸձܵһԣѪޱȵѾ
ֻӰеѪɫжȻ֣ӭͳϢ֮ͬյеѪһ㣡
¡
ʱ䣬ɱޱɱ¾Ϣնʯ֮ϣѵҵÿӿݣ
زħХڶ
ԡ
ҡػΣԭӲޱȵĺʯͬһ㱻ޱɱѹѳ޺ۣ
ʥŮСġ
Ͼɱ֣ҪҪŮȫ
ʱؼ޾ɱǾĸڵҲֻǱӦ԰ֻʦֻҪƬ̱Ҫɱѹ⽴ˣ
ħɷ죡
ֻǺӴһħ˲ڿлǧƣһɰԵ˫ħبؼ䣬ǽɱѹ
ħɷ죬죬£֮
ɷҲܹϰķ󷨣ȴǱǰڵĸ߽õ¯࣬ɱӰеɱѹ
ȻĿѾһ޼ʵʯӵУɱӰеӰ
ԭӰѾ˷֮ʱ뿪˴˴
ʧְˣʥŮˡ
΢΢Ȼϸ֮ϵѪۣæż˵
ʥŮ£СĻɷڰɣ˲˰
Ҳֲ㣬ǱʥŮûãҲɱˡ
Ů΢΢תͷȻԵҶٺ̾Ϣ
°ɣҺܿȥ
һ˿ɫޱȵ˵
ʥŮ£ɱ־Ȼܹڴ˴ȥ磬˴Ȼ൱ΣհҵȻȥɣĸڵء
ʥŮ£
ŭȵԭѾԺ৵һٴαò԰ޱȣŭǽôľ
ʥŮƽտɲ˱İ
ţЦ̬μߵʥŮ˿ꡣ
Ϊ׵ĺкգӦһͬܶһֻ뿪ˣǿ̣ܲǰλޱȾŮ󰡣

Ƭ֮ǰ춯ƫƧʯ𽥹ƽš
Ȼûж֪ǣʱǱ䳹ǵĺʯ͵ʯУͬشˡ
һűԲѡ
һشԡ
û֪ǣ䳹ǵĺʯȴ޷赲һഺļ¶
ӵų˯ѵҶٺȻ֣·ѪѪ
Ϊʲôһָо
Ϊ֮Ů˹ɫԼܹߵ֮⣬ҲͨͨһʮŮӡ
ǧ˵ľĽ֮егԹΪһ˶¹ײĸо
ҲãҵԺ㣬ô鷳
֬ӻӳۣ΢΢ֻ˵
һܺңɱҰɡôһ㲹ɡ
мʹɫޱȲ԰ףͬеĲҰõ壬ݽָҧƣ
ʱŨħʯ֮Уһɺںɫħ籡
ħѪ˽˴ԵҪ˰ɡ
ݵʱ䣬·رĺħͬ仨ޱȣ
ر赱УỺ䣬ȴǵҶٺ֮ϡ
ɢźɫâĹ˸貹âָ֮𣬻ûҶٺѾƲؿ֮
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һ죬Ҷٺؿ֮ʱâţɫâ໥֯ͬԵ֣
ѪҺУ̺ۻħ¾ڵħϴеħҲˣ
ѪҺ̺ħѣҪǿ󵽺εȳ̶Ȱ
ٿҶٺʱ壬ԭبؿаƴĶھǺɫâУʼ޸


225 ħħͫ
ΪڵߣҶٺȫƾԼ޸Լ壬ǴʱѾ͸֧ȴֻܽİ޸ϵˡ
ˣҶٺȻҵպ㲻ˡ
˫ֳŵأѵҪŽħѪҶٺ·ʧȥ˲پǸήҲ񣬷·ʱ̶赹ȥһ㡣
ŮԭƱ㼫أʱǽδޱȵıѪҺҶٺֱǰԼĥüɢ
ȻŸ˲߳ǻתͷȻڵϱɫħҶٺ˸
Ϊʲôҵģǻʹ
ʣͻȻһ֧ħΣҶٺԣ֮ҲûлͷȻǱͬݺȻڿʯӵлơ
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ɷ֮ϣɷС
һڵĹУһħڴǰ
ħ̻һħĿӣŭ
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һɷԼħΪ׵߶ԿĸĪĴ˵
һħ޲սʤ漣עǼ̳ɷԻ͵ǿߣ
Ȼڴʱǻ谵żֹĴУһϥɷʲô顣
Ůڴˣһᾪȵķ֣ⲻĸȥʲŽԵĺ𣿣
ǺӲŸմɽг֮ܵɷڵˡ
˵һһ𣿶˻ǵСŹڸˣе˼Ǻǡ
Ħ䲻ڱ̸֮Цһ۷緶ֻĦ˵
ȥɣպСӣ
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ӴһգۼѾڴʧӰ٣·ûгֹһ㣬²ϢĺҲںڰС

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ǾȻɫȻ԰׵ŮһͻȻֵӣ
ȻԵҶٺϵĺںɫħѾʣʱĲԶ
ѾĶ״̬кһˣϼƺЩŭͲסƳĬ
㾹ȻýԼħѪˣ˶˵Ҫô
ǷˣνţǸֻİ׳Ҳˣ
ͬİı̣һ㣬æ
ð㾹Ȼάһʶõˣѵʲôɸ˵ܣ
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㲻ҪˣҿлԼȵģҲעħͫŮˣ
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бǰɶһ⣡
ȻڴʱһޱȵͻأȻԭҪ߳ŭȴͻȻһ١
ΪһˣôһŮأ
ǽӽϷʰȻʯлƣȴǲǰɱӰشҶٺ
ֻʱҶٺͬһɱ¾޶ȵħͷͶ־һɷ·Ҫɢ
ħͫΪ˺εȸ߰Ƿű˵ͬһķЭԵ
ȷˣܱȶŮ󣬵һûõСúá
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ʥŮµܹһʥŮʵΪҶٺң֪Ҷٺܷ֧ΣҶٺö˼أ
ȻˣҪ˵һΣҶҪʱԵҵСһ𣬹ͬĵá
ħŮһЦʱ̬ͻȻһŮӻһȻŮ
Ҷٺһа̾ħŮı仯ٶҲʵ̫˰ɣ
ȻҪҶٺȻǷ㵽ˡ
ȻûҶٺʲôǱҶٺ˺˵ħͫ߳ŭһɾǿħʯҲòסҡΣǷ·Ҫһ㣡
ħͫʵǱ֮ǰӰеĺӻҪǿ٣
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ҶٺŵüһѼޱȿţȥֱһһ㣬վҶٺԵħŮҲһЦ
ȻҶٺϷħͫûôˣ
ħͫмåˣһͺԥɨӣ
ɷڵһħħͫСӣǺˣ
ħͫħؼ䣬Եޱȣ˿˿Ϣ¶·ܹһأ
ڵĸ߽ߵѹܣ۶īħһɷ˲ӣǶҶٺвȣ
ҶٺᱻǰħͫССѹסҶٺǿı̬ϹľҲʶѹԶԲСһˡ
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ħͫ𣬵ǿħͬƥͬѪһ㳯ҶٺХȥ·ҪҶٺ˺ǧƬ
ҶٺԴ󾪣֪ŮʲôħѪ
ҶٺεȴϻۣŸһħͫĻ֪ɱӰеоµġ


226 սħͫ
Ҷٺɫɲ䣬˫˲˸Ļצǻצ
Ȼʲôɷڵĵһħôɣ
ҶٺЦμ䣬оѾȻʹͬһӰһ㿰ܿħֱħͫɱȥ
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ҶٺӰ㲻Ķ֣ʺڵľǿְ
ħͫʺڵǿΪ
ֻΪҶٺһʳڵͨҲֻܼѵֵʱҪһʺڵǿߣ
ʵĲҶٺǧ鰡
ȻҶٺô᲻أ
Ÿһѹδıħ֮ͫʱѾħͫƥеĴڡ
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Ҷٺо˸һӣ֮Ѿ˲ҶٺĻУҶٺӵǵ÷ĳС¹ֱײ
ֻҶٺͬһ磬ħͬκ˰ӿҶٺɵħƵݿȥ
о磬Ӵ޴ȥ
ҶٺԾˣ˲㽫оҪգھħ֮Ӷ
ħŰڵħͫٳħƺ͹ʩչħȻͬһ֮ϣ
˵ʩչħƸͰԵ֮ͬһϢļӣôħħͫʩչħƱΣϯһУ
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ڸʵħڽ٣ݿ㽫ڵǧ׺ʯɽӲȥףǼ᲻ɴݵĺɽȥأ
Ȼ⻹һʼҶٺĽδڻеħͫħХħƺب֮ϣֲ֣
ΪδޣʱȻһİӱţþǿħͫοգ
𡭡
ֻħͫϾǿħǻβϯ˷ݻһУ
ħͫ˫ٹͷһѪħ򻺻γɣͨħء
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ѪɫħӭɲǼѾˮװС·һųţһޱȿֲĻѹϯؼ䣡
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ҶٺСģɷڵħѪеһУգ˺أ
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ҶٺЦ˿Ѿǰʮ׸ߵѪɫħһֻеͻȻһû˿ɱ㳯Ѫɫħȥ
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ҶٺħŮҶٺĶһȴȻһ˫ˮԲֱǰ飡
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ҶٺٺһЦͷҶħ֮ϱĿ̶ֲһΣ״ĶֱҶٺץС
ɷڵһħȻһҶ϶ôɣ֥ݡ¶
ҶٺХĶȴͬһӵЦֻҶٺǽеҩӵѾٵħ֮ϣ
㡭
ħͫѪ磬ʱڿҶٺеҩˣæҡ
Żޱ𺳣˵ڵСôƵĹأԭ˰ܼûеµİ취
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䡭
ˡ
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һںޱȵĹâ˲䱬һķΧ
һɻҲ磬ֱз·شٵޱѹȸУ
ٿʱҶٺѾڷ·ƽĵ֮ϣһƽǰδƽϢĻ֮ǰ


227 Ҫ
ҶٺǲԸʹԪ«ֻǿҪİȻﻹһ˿õڣ
ȷԣһͬըɵǿޱȵŶƬγմ
ҶٺҪģҪħħͫ޷ӌ
ȻħͫĻҶٺСϷóȻᣡ
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ŲȻƵĻ磬ƣȴڳֱ
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ֻҶٺѪ磬ʺѪĹ⻪Ҷٺͣ˸ҶٺȾͬһź챦ʯ
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ȻڴʱɷڵһħħͫȴһҶٺ𾪺Ͳľٶ
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ҶٺȻ֪룬ֻʣħŮĿݲƽһƬԭͬ׹ŨŨС
ҶٺֻоһĪΣȻ·һıһ㡣
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ҶٺͻȻ۽ǵȴǴһԵįµӰ
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ħֱͫһͷţᶮϧҿɲĿʥŮ±۸
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ͬЦƬҰƣ֣
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228 
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ҶٺԶǰ̬ǧŮˣʱһĻֱ񿴼һ㣬ͬ˳һ㣬˲ʧӰ٣ֻʣһȵԭء
Ϊɷ֮Ůܹһ˿ʹȴǺ˵
Ҿô𣿻ǸأôͲ;Ϯ
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ҵôˣôͻȻЩ顣
Ҷٺһ죬ԺͻȻŷܰӣûɵһʹ

ͬһʱ䣬ɷ壬֮ϣһ۵ı뺷ӵϥڴУɷڵһħħͫ
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ݸ߹ħеĦҲʧУֻǷͣħ֮ϣâһħѾɢ٣¶Ǳ֮ϵһνµӡ

ʱ֮ħħҶٺʱУһа糣
ԴҶٺһħ֮Ҳû˵ǰˣԭħ޾סĶҲȥ١
ʱҶٺ̸ͬһľ֮ϣʱҪԼһսϵʤ
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Ȼ˵ȻҶٺһ˵ĵĮǣ͸еһ
ߣԭҴ˻Ǹ͵˽µҶٺҼʶˣʱ䲻ˣذɣ
ҶٺһӣҲûȤ˽̸ȥƣҶٺ˽вҶٺף
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ɷĦǴµһ˵Ĵ
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Ħ˫֣һ͵ҶٺЦ
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ĦһЦһҶٺͬһͷĬʨҶٺзë


229 Ϊ㻤
ԸȢСŮΪޣĦ˵
ĦǰҲ̫³ç˰ɣҺȿδı氡
ҶٺʱУҶٺʯǰŽǰĴ˵Ħ˵
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ǰˣħͫĲһʱɺϣҶٺȲͨѹϵ
ܡ
ҶٺŸ˵꣬һԽⷽİԵħȻֻԭЦĦѾһŭݣһƽǰʯĵ÷飡
ˣҶٺʧ֮㱾ħͫԼСŮˣΪ֮ɣ
ĦֱվҪǶ֮ȥ
Ҷٺŵһ仰ɷ׵ˡ
ĦŸ߼ǻͣ½Ų䳹ǵͬԵľ֮
ҵеģħѪȫǣ
ҶٺŵҪߵħĦ鵱л͵Ĵӵվٵ˵
ĦǰʲôħѪôˣǶʲô
ҶٺаãԼҲǰè壬űֱӶλָģԼħħͫγǸƫƧĹطĵȵȣȴûϸ롣
ʱʶԼһЩǳҪ飡
ȻҶٺĦͣ˽ŲȴûٴλͷȻһĮһ˿޷ܵϵ˵
ҵİŮͿķμħѪﻹ죿ħѪλӵħѪܹġѪɹɾͽյĲ壡
ҶٺĿһʹ׻
ħŮȻԸ˶ȣȻ¶֪˵ԶڻƧȺɽУһ˻صɷڡ
ҶٺоԼһ׵ĸһ㣬һޱȱݵ˸ҶٺȻܶȾһա
סѪȻȫֻнĻ궼Ѫɹڽħ֮λ
ħĦƺҲʶҶٺȷ鲻֮Ե֡
ʲôħʲô¡
ҶٺǸеһը𣬽ļޱȵϢҶٺֱеܲס
ŸʶԼһıеҶٺͻȻֵ֪һŮԼĽԼףʱ˵Լպʲôħܵˣ

ڽһʱʱҶٺɷĦϯڵ̸ҲԼʱĴԼɡ
ⲻҪҳΪʸ֮ģٰҰɷڵս֮ϣɷٴϻԻͣͬһߡٲ֮أҪΪɷڣɷ˥ǧô
ҶٺʱѾɷ˰
ħ֮壬ħ֮ˣ޳ħ֮١
ħѪɾҶٺħ֮壡
ѪΪɷڵǿ似ɷ似ľ裬ȴڰ˰ǰ䡣
İǰɷڵǿҹħħ֮壬ǲ֪кԵɵõѪ洫Ӷɾɷ֮ǿλ
һѪһͬɷڰֲȻǿҲҽа壡
ԴİǰҹħճӵѪ߼ΪɷѾΪɷڵĲĹ涨
ȻɷڵӦܵһӭϾɴɷڵһԻͰ
ǣǻɷΧӴԸ𣿣
˵Ϊ½ͳߵڣ¾ЩΪͬ˵ħҲΪϣɷٴǿڱͱһ
ҶٺĬȻһͨһ飡
ѹħħͫҪȫҶٺѹħͫͻȻҶٺ鲻ѹ˵ʲô꼴٣ѹħĦǰͻ飡
ǰıԶǰҶٺ硣Ҷٺɬ˵
ʱʲôѡ񣬻ѪҶٺҪôѡ񲻺ɷںҵҪôѡɷڴһ
Ϊһ˵ħĦῴҶٺʱȻЩޣ΢Ц
СӣҲ赣ģɷڽĿɽɷӣѵЩС󲻳ɣ
Ҳ뵣ǣǻԼһŷֽǱһŻֻ֪ڶɷһЩҪҷһĹСŻ֪Ѷˡ
Ħк˿˿ɱ֡
Ҷٺ︹̣Ħ½һħͷνǰԵޱȣֱ˵һ
ҶٺûѼ䣬Ѿױӵɷڵս֮ˡ
ҶٺĻϼ޻Ħô
Ҷٺ˱һ֮ɲŮʲôϵװɷڵ֡
ҪңȵԼĽȰɡ
Ҷٺа˼¶ҲҪɷһѵҶٺС̴žֱ졣
߰ȻķڷĳΪצ
ħĦеޱȣ֪ҪչɷڵҶٺʵһǣʱᷴҧһڡ
ʱĦνҶٺչУֻ֮Ц΢һںޱȵħѸٷȵ
ɣҶٺñѪĻ꣡


230 Ѫ
ҶٺҪȴһʵʱԭɹ޳ɵѪɹȻȴһֱûҵᡣ
ʱı˿ɼҶٺ׷Ź
ֻҶٺһȶ
һ޵Ѫ𽥴Ӵͭɫļ֮ϷһŶѪϢȻҶٺڶ
һѪڶ𽥽Ҷٺһ·ںһ㣡
񣬾ȡɢѪΪ㻤
Ħȴû˿谭ҶٺԺУҶٺһѪѪ̺죡

ҶٺХϱޱȣŤһ飡
ԼѪĻ꣬ǿζҪͬһ㴸
ѪΪĻΪѪ첻꣡
ֻҶٺѪǣҶٺڵھԪĻ֮ʱ龰Сꡱ첻ʱҶٺԭĻڲп˿зʹ
һʹḶ́һḶ́
ʱҶٺһͷ죬ȴûзκαѾʹ޷гˣ
·ӵĺɫħͬһſ̻ҶٺϵĻ֣һħѾתͬѪѪ죡
ѾеĹؼʱˣڴһ٣
ħͫȵǲĺɫħҶٺڹȥ
ħͫҪǿħЭҶٺĻ꣬͸ΪǿĻ꣡
ˡ
ڴʱֻһĺХҶٺϵƶȻһ䡣
ԭǴȴǹޱȵϢɢ٣ȡ֮һͬħһƥħϯؼ䣬ڹؼ䡣
ԭĶ˲䡰ܡһѿ
ô
ڴʱԭħĦͻȻУ͵뽫˫ִҶٺıȡأȴǷԼ˫ַ·˽һԶ
ĦԭͬĴħӷ㳯Ҷٺڻȥ
ǿڵľǿֵǿħ
˾ħҶٺڣҶٺҪѹñ
ʱ֮ħĦµȻ˫۽ûѹҶٺȻס˸оžڹŹǰһһ㡣
ڣѾ˵վ½֮۵ľǿ߰
½ܹ֮ѹƵָܹóȻʱȴǰȥֻͬһڵҶٺϸܵһɷ·Ĳݿܵħ
Ǹһɶി⣬ֲħӵеԭԺǿħ֮¼ֱͲӵһͿ
Ҳֻڷһ֮ԭһĦ½֮ϣŲٿֲ
СϾʲôܣⳬᵱУҲ֪ǶǴ
ĦصϰѪһɿֲޱȵĺħΪҶٺСӼֱһţ
Ħ˼Ƭֻ̣ҶٺһͬѪһ㾧ӨĹâҶٺƤ֮ϻͬӵһ΢΢ޱߵţԵɱһޱѹֵľѹȻٶ£ڵĦҲܹ΢΢ܵǼԵľѹ
ȡ
ֻҶٺȻ˫ĿգͻȻѪޱȣ·Ѫ͸һ㣬Ȼ֣޻ڵĳԵĵȥ
䡭
ըƽؾףֻһ̳ؼ䣬ģһУ
䶨֮ƬԭĶѾһƬ棡
ֻǧֲޱȵѷͬһߣҶٺΪģӳϰף
ֲˣ¾ʺڵħͫҲ׽Ϭһˣ
ö˶˵һȴǱĵģϧϧ
ĦȶȴڿУҡͷ̾Ϣ
ⶴҶٺ֮£ν׳ְ
˷ͻƣҶٺѪʦɣǽѪ޳ˡ
ɷǰľѧΣʱվȻгҶٺɼһˡ
ʱ˿̵Ҷٺ֣ӥĿʡ
ϱ徧Ө޹Ѫˮ磬֣
Ѫ޳ɵҶٺԭϢһͨͨѹӣ
ϲҶֵ޳ɷڵĿ湦㽫Ѫ޳ɣǰ;ĦȻЦ
ǰЦˣҶٺޱûѪء
ҶٺҲ΢Ц޳Ѫ´Ųֱ֮ǿҲ㹻Աʱ
ȻʵǰĦһľ֣ҶٺԼᱻɱ
ѪΪ㣬һ㣬ѪɱͿ壬ԷԣԵ֮ѪɱУ
ڶ㣬Ѫһ˿ع򣬾Ͷ仯عΪãѪɱΣ
㣬Ѫ磬ԳһƬС磬طΪãԳһƬСأһУ
ʱҶٺ޳Ѫĵһ㣬Ѫɱ
Ҷٺһ޳Ѫĵڶ㣬ܹ½ݺأҰ
Ҫ֪յҹħ죬ҲֻǽѪѪСɣ㽫ڵǿѹ·簡
ɽв˳ɷСӣ˿ɵɷ֮Ų
ĦЦȻҲǳ֮
ȻڴʱֻԭЦħĦЦأȻͣϢһ˫ħɱ磬ҲЩ
ҪʼҪģҶٺҸҪʲôʲôʱˣЩɷڵĽ²ɣ
ĦһɳħȻͬʵһӲǽֱӶ
վ½۷ĸϵľǿѹ
Ҷٺǽռѹ÷Ѻ۵ľħֻеħͬǧ룬ֱȥѹüը


231 ֵ
ĦڶħˣǾǿħȫ׸жǿ
ֻĦϵħŸձϢʱ䣬ͬǿޱȴǱĦϵħϲСϢҲɷڵĸ䱬
룬ħӰѾȻĦҶٺܣžĬĵܡ
ħͫħꡢħСħ桢ħﹷÿʱ򰡣
Ħҧгݵ˵⼱սĹؼʱ̣ɷڵɱʮħֻڴˣ
ڴʱһޱȵӰײײԶȴǰħĦߣҶٺһ֮Եʯڡ
ϣ߾ӣİʦӣһӣܹһǧӣΧɷڣھӢѾϤˣ
ʯ˵ж黺䡣
Ħһ𾪣治ɫħ͸
ˣ滢Хڵӣٹ۵ӣɭ޹ȵӣСèСĴڣ
ˡ
ڴʱǿޱȵϢɷڵܳ𣬾ڻɷڵƶֻҪǰܹ̤ɷڵ壡
䣡
䡭
ŹȥӣźһƬ
ɷڵǧӢĵڻŭ죡
ħУħ桢ħСɵͷɱħͫħ꣬汾ɱ֣֮
ĦȵħӰ˲ƮɢȥĦѾҶٺʧԭء
ҶٺֻоԼ·ûκǰһǰڻָ֮ҶٺǰֵѾ۵ɫ۵ߣҶٺңңԵ۵ߡ
ڵĹǴһȺ߹ΧɷڣΪ£ѵҪ½֮սôħĦȵ

۵ߵУվмӷЦ·ʲôЦһ㡣
˭Ҫ½սأΪĴˣڲǰõʾɷоħҪˣҪ½򣡡
ɱħɱħ
ʱ䣬ǧڵӽźһɺȻ˲Ӷı㽫ɷһľӢѹƣ
ԾҪıʿ
֪ħĦõз˸ǣȣħ𣬸к¡ǳħдͬħХ
ߣϣݵò񣡡
Ϊ׵߽ŭȣһӣлĹâ죬Ӳǽǳǧħֵ
ڵĺСΪµһڵʵ󣬰ǴúܰΪһܹͱһսϹֳɽأ
ħĦЦ˵ѾʧԭأŰԵޱȵȻޱս֮ơ
Ҳ߹ˣҵĽǣ尡Щɱ⣡
ɱ
ɷڵǧྫӢХű㳯һ֮ڴȥ
ɲǼ䣬ħݺᣬɫᣬǧ似ֱƬɽȺĿģ
ߵĶԾ;춯أοʱǧߵս
ֻ似յкնҲ˺΢΢𵴣ͬشһľ󣬸ʬҰ
䡭
ΪҵıħԼڵڸֵսˣ
ڵƥͶɽӣнǹɱ飡
ٿʱҶٺѪ˸ͬħһʮ߹ɱ
ʱҶٺͬһԡѪɱʮڵӵУ˫Ѫ˸ȭͷ޿ɵֵζʩչٰ似ҲֱֻܱӺɱ
䡭
ǽ촫Ҷٺ˫ȭβӲǽܵʮɨ䣡
սΧǻսһɷڵӣ似ɣƹ
ȻֻҪϸϸ۲죬ԷΧҶٺĵܵսȦϼܣȻλеҶٺȴԽսԽ£һ˶ϰߣ
߾磬һ֮ʦ磬һȭɱ֮磬ʮغ֮ڱ֮
ܵУҶٺȼ磡
𽥵ģҪΧҶٺɱڵԽԽ٣ѾҶٺ׷ڵӿɱˣ
ܹӵģ˭ֻƫԼһͷأ
ΧɷڵĵɷھӢӵһ֮࣬ڣɷڵľӢӿƵôˡ
ȴһ൱ֵڻ֮սУһɫӰĴ֮ڵܾͬһĴӴܣ
ܰҪǸɱóѣɷڵĶֻֽϻһɱ
ڵһѪҶٺǼûҪӣѰĵս
ҶٺڵͽҶٺ
ڴʱһ߾ڵϳǰԺڵҶٺһ޶ˣֵôС
Ȼû߽кãֻһɫӰһζǿؿѾһ󶴣
Ҷٺ߲Ÿտڵʱͬһǰ׽ɱ
ȻҶٺӦٶȼ죬ȴѾвڵĵŵϢһ𾪵ĶҶٺţһŭս£
谡ԭɷڵˣѹֽŪüȮ谡ɱɱɱ
ڵĵȻĹʱȻս֮ϼҶٺڵͽʱۺ죬߾Ҳͬһ㳯Ҷٺ˶ȥ
ͽɱˣΪֻع
ɱɱɱҶٺͽɱ˰

ŲϢʱ䣬ս֮ϵľƱ·ת


232 
ŻͬͻһɷڵھӢӷɱڵӣͬˮһ㳯һĹɱȥ
ǿǼǧ߻ɵӿɱҶٺֱо·վҪһ㣬ѹ֣
Ȼڴսе˫ڵĸ֣ҲǱ·ս֮ϵעԭжɽӵʽҲǽ¼ơ
찡Ǿʲô
ڵ𾪣ŷĳͬһĿӿȥڵӴ
Ƕҹɱɷڵӣ
Ȼڵδȣ·ڵȴͬʧȥһɳΧȦҶٺɱȥ
ǡ
ǧߵĽ˹ħͫȺҶٺ֮ʱޱȡ
ʱʶصҶٺʲôˣǰȻڵˣ
ڵħͫҲܹ󣬸˵ΪɷͳߵħĦˡ
ʱĦһѾ֪ҶٺڵܣĦǳٳû˿Ӧȴǲ֪ʱкθ롣
סҶٺ󣡿ͽɱˣ
ڴʱڵһǲ˱ڵΧɱ˵ݣһϰٵ״ֱ·Ҷٺȥ
ĶǱ
ħͫǰ߷ϷŹһûᣬһǻһӰ˲ǰɱһȭ䡱һߴ֮ԶֱѪ£
䡭
ͬʱϰٵҲڴҶٺϣǿڵϹַľǿһڵ̺֮
ǹȥҶٺҪٵֱӺɱˣ
ȻյҶٺѾͬնˣ
ֻͬһ״ڵϣըһʮ״Ŀֲ׽ΧʮڵҲ⣬ֱըɽ̿
Ƽǿ߾Ҷٺ׵ıˣ
ֻ֮£һ΢СѪâţеɫâҫҫĿȴȻ֮
ҶٺڻӶ˫ֱۣӿ
ôܣ
ԭΪ׹֮½˵죬Ǿ
ҶٺţҲڵΪȻܹһڵߵľǿ֮⳹׵߸ǵ֪
Ѫɷڵħڵӣɱ
ڴʱһħͫɱŭȵףؼ䣡
ɱ
ԭֻΪҪ϶ɱҶٺǧڵӡ
ʱһǰѾ֮ǵͽҶٺǴҪɱħǲȻŭ·ƭһ㣬еɱնϧĳҶٺȥ
ǿǧһ𷢳ľǿĸҲϰ˰
ֲҲѹŤžڶɰǧ似յл۳һֱа׵򣬿ֲѹҲѹòס
ҶٺѪܻ˿ı㱻˿û뵽ΧǧߵķӦ˼ң
ٿǺبԼͷ֮ϵĿֲǿ˿һϹֵȫһĴڰ
ҶٺŸպӴҪɱˣ

ҶٺŭȭִѪ죬âҫĿоȫʩչͬһ̨սһ㳯һֱȥҪͷ֮
ֶ룡
ҶٺԼҪƴѹ򳹵ѹ۶֮ǰȻӵҲ޷ⱻըɷɻҵĽ֣
ȻǿʢĿֲѹҶٺӾ޴
Ҫɹˣܰ
Ҷٺ˫۳죬ͬɱ٣
ֻҶٺһѪ·ǧڵȻΪԹ˲ϾҶٺȴѾҪԶѾʮֱĺɫĹΧˣ
¡
Ȼڴʱ֮ٶӲǽɫġžѹƶ£
ֻǧߵͷ֮ϣֲĺɫϿգһɫϾյжȻ֣һɰĦصħ

ħ
ޱѹǽڳڵӹɱɷھӢѹû
ǺεǿħѾܹħĦħƥˣ
¡
һըһֻ״ִħצǺɫеƣ׺ޱȣǳץȥ
󵨿ͽ𡭡
ڴʱһŭͻأȴʧħĦ
ԭĦڰ䣬ȴɱ͵Ϯ֮ˣ
Ѫ½˵Ŀ־ͺ£
Ѫһ½֮ϵĸؽһţҪ⽫ı½Ŀֲɱҡ֮У
ӽѪҶٺΪ½ͷŹУʱظֵػ
ħߵеɽħҲ޷²⵽£ȻҲὫص䴫ڸҶٺˡ
ˡ
Ħ䣬ͻȻɫӿħŰѹ죡
ǧٵˮͰϸĺ˺գǺɫħȥ
ǴĺɫУҪǿֲħԼɣ
¡
ȻڴʱɫһƬ֮쿪ɾǿѹ죬ڵĿֲħ
½ϹֲжˣʱȴһĸҪҶٺɱ
ձҡ
ħĦѾǵһֻħצֵ˲㽫Լö̺ޱȿֲˣӶֻħצȴĦֲ
½жڵħʱȴѾһĸ
ܹɷ͵Ĵడ


233 ѹ
úá
ħĦЦ죬ѾյзֱҶٺץȥħצҲż˫ֻѪɫâŷ֮Ϣֱ
ֻħĦѪâ죬Ѫ֮䣬һԲʮѪɫħ󻺻γɣ
ħ֮ڣѪɫҫĻĹâ
ħڣرɫ
Ÿճ֣ƺǧħѪâԻأʵµΪܲסǳؼĿֲħԼɱ¾ϢǱޱɱ¾ϢŪ÷ջŧѪ
Ȼǵðɷڣ͸һȥɣޱ¾
ħĦ˫˲ǧӡħѹ˷
ѪɫŸճͱ㱬Ѫ⣬ӲǽֻħצУҪͬʱɱ
䡭
ǧ׳ħצޱ߾Ӳǽޱ¾òס
ħĦʵ죬ҲڿסظֵĹ֮£ܹǧߵĹлסҶٺ
ڵӣɱͽҶٺɱΣ
ڵ߽ǴȣǧɷڵħɱȴǶ˸ѷѽ⣡
Ҫǧˣ
ҶٺĬѪ˸ƾɽ޹˼ɵĳڵȥըһѶ⽴
ħĦڰĴܵסħϹ־סҶٺֻǧߵĿֲˣ
ȻΧɷپӢӣȴȻ޷ڷֺ
ȡͽȥɣ
һڵĴʹɽԪƶҶٺֱĶ
ϣħͷ
ڵߴһƬҶٺʰΧ֮Χ
ѪһҶٺƱ岻˷Ϭ似ͣȴȻͬһһ㣬ڿ籩ж
ݱƵҶٺڳ׷ſ޴似Ԫķ׺ɱȭңоĪ⣡
ˡ
䡭
似εǿʯĵҲ³˺ѣһĩյľ
ȻΪʸ֮ĵҶٺȴ֮һ㣬磡
ɷڵΧľӢӲһǧȴǽһڵӴýڽڰˣ
ŲʱԭǧڵѾֻһǧˣ
Ȼ󲿷ֶͬɱһҶٺɱģ
ǿգе߰¾һߣڷҲĤݲѣ
ȻҶٺȴһӽڵɱǸǶôǿһ
ҶٺͬһԡѪɱ񣬱岻𣬹ɱ˫עڽ֮½
ɱɱɱ
ҶٺХѪȭͷ֮â˸׽ڵɱ
սҲһĺõطһǧҶٺ˫Ŀ죬ͬһɱ˿ħɱȾʣоĪ
á
ɸ߿֮ϣʣµֲֻħצվüҵĦĿ·Ҷٺϱľɱ̾ħŰ죬ɷ⡣
ɷڵӣȫɱӵоɷǧӢӾͨͨɱ
ݡ
ħĦ䣬ƿշһµӰѾɷڵĸ򼲳۶ħơָȵ似˲ҪǴƵڵɱ
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Ħһִâֻյħצȵҹɷڣɱ⣡
ɷڹԵޱȣɱ˫οΪɷǿսʮħ
ڵϹֽϰٻغϵħͫħѾѹ·磬öñܽȫɱ
ȻɷڴռƵʱ̣ͻȻ·ת
ֻá䡱һ޴ըԭڶڵϹֹɱħͫħ꣬ͻȻͬ߷һ㵹ɶһ߿ѪĭȻش
·ɱѪȵɷھӢҲŵĿɿڴ
Ħδ̫ˣĪΪ˲ɣ
Ŀľ֮£һ£ͷڣִľİʿն
ħĦЦ𿪣ǽԼĵ´˵ߣҲŭ䣬ħͬ׽ֲֻħצ˺Ƭ
ħĦʵǿħֹҲ׻ȥҲ֪ڰǿкθ룡
ԭ̰ͷϵĴݰôΪأڲרʾһԼ˶ɣˣҪ½һսô
Ħ˵ȴ˿ûãаԵậֱ
ڴֻϲּ⡣ɷħڲ䳹׾ɱܱ½ƽ
˵Ŀȴ޵ѾվҶٺ
ħĦЦ·ʲôȤһ㣬ŭ
һеɲˣҪɱһأ
Ħ˵ȴûףߣޱǿĦѾܹԤˣ
ڵϹɾͱǣס
һҶٺɷڵǧӢֻӴߵ似ûˣ
¾ɷڶ⣡
ɡڵľӢǣ
̴һƿգѹѹһƬӰڳĦҶٺУ


234 ʵ
ݡ
ƿյУӰ糱Ѹٵϵ£
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ڸգû棬ͬȳһХǰɱҶٺĴ
ѾǧˣټϱѾڴսڵӣڴ˵ΧɷڵڵѾǧ
ҶٺҲֻڴ˿̲ףھӵжôӴ
ɱ
أǧҫʣǰɷھӢȥըһĢƣҲ֪ɷڵľӢһֹ֮ɡ
ˡ
Ѿ¶Ƶǧ߽ͬ˼ѪһԽΧɷڵӹȥΧǧγɺΧ֮ƣ
һʱ䣬ԭѾǧɷڵľӢٴαѹƣ
䡭
ԪǵضϢ죬ҳһָӡ
׹ƵӲǽɷڵɷɻң
ɷڵĹԭ㱻ڿơ
ʱϱѹƣ˲䱻ýڽڰˣŲغѾߣ

дħĦɱȥ
ÿҲ֪·ľƶڼֻһطô
ЦʣĦͶɣɷڽעҪˣΧɷڰ뱣ڵ죡
𡭡
ħĦŭ죬ǧħ˷Хȥ
ħĦսͨ죬ܹͬΪڵ̴ôˣȴ޷赲Ҷٺϰǿľ棡
λϰΧеҶٺͬޣǧ似Һɱ
ͽȥɣԪƣ
һڵĴŭϹ˸ֻ䣬ڱյĺɫӡҶٺӭͷѹ
ҶٺᱻƵĹסʺڵħܹͫµҶٺ˷â˸ѾߵĻԪȥءһǺɫӡƬ
ǿϰߵĹ
ڵľҲôһǿӲʱҶٺȴǲòֱϰߵĹ
ž
һ죬ҶٺϱҲѺۣɫӵħѪޱȡ
һĹҶٺ˺ǻϣ¶һƬ۵Ĺͭɫ
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ȥɣͽԪ䡭
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Ԫ䣿ͷôʩչڵϽܰ
һͬΪڵڵӾеͬһӣӵıһȺ߲ҪӴܣ
ҶٺһԣЩѾĸôһС󣬲һԪô
Ҷٺ˲ֻءɱŭȣ䣬ˣơ
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Ԫ䣬ʵϱںϵ֮ıǿը˵еͬʱԪյش
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ɷڵľӢӱѾڵĴ󲿶ӴǱԭǧľӢѾֻʣǧҵˣ
ʱһȺͬͻһĵˣǴŲһֹ٣
Ҷٺϵϰ˽ƻһֻһһ׷ɱȺˡ
Ҷٺ֪Ƚƻǿ߻ƾǿսɷڵľӢӽòҰܡ
ȴҶٺģѾǧǿߣ
ǿǧ֮߰£½Ҳܴݻһǣ
Ҷٺһ߱Ϊɻң˵ˣ
ˡ
ԪƴѹأȴǱҶٺһȭѪȭ紸˲ɱһߣ
䡭
һƬ׻ӻ·ħһǡϰɷڵӻɢ
ˡ
似ɣҡر飡ŭҰɱ죬ѪӯأͬѪɫ
ҶٺοɱڵߣսȻЧ΢ھԵ֮£ɷڵѾֻʣǧˡ
ǿԭǧ˵ľӢӰȴǱֻʣһǧˣ
ΪֲǣɷڵľӢӱҶٺܵĹνԽԽࡣ
ҶٺѾҪǧߵľǿ似Ĺˣ
ǿǧߵĹǿڵĸ߽ߣҲҪǿʢĹ֮±ˣοֻڵҶٺ

ҶٺлԪħơ˲ɨҶһ㽫ϰߴ⽴ӲһƬյأȴٴαȺûУ
ٿ߿֮ϣħĦȻսݱȻĦ׽ѹ·磬ȴǱǣס޷ڱɱɷڵӣ
żյڴľǿҲǱ̼ʱֵǽߴˣ


235 ؤ
𡭡ҪɱѪɺӣ
Ħ˫۳죬ͬħǿħĦأ÷Բ֮ڵһħ
ħͷҲнհվɷ֮գվħϳʧ֮ʱȥɣ
̿ףףǷħĦɱȥ
ħħͫħ꣬ǧڴģʮڵڸ֣
Ϊ˽ɷڣΪ֮׵ڿνǾ񾡳ҲֻˣҶٺʶصĿֲʵ
䣡
һըͬƽؾףһм
أ
ⲻҫγһа״ĽɫɲǼ佫߿ɱУ
ҶٺĿܲʱĵ⣬ӼĹϵĶ
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Ҷٺùҫĵ⣬ԭͬͻһ͵ڵӾȻʼ
ҶٺڷǻڵӵеԴ
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ԭѾʿµǧɷڵӶʱһǿҶ־ߵڵɱȥ
ؤСһǣ
зһӣ߳ȵͬף쳹ʡ
ԭǰԮҶٺѣؤ
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ƩʱɷڵĽ֮ʱؤڵĸԼԼʦľӢߣ
Ȼؤǿǧ˵սԲǱˮнȴѾǸɷڵӵһǿ룡
οؤֻ߲ʵǿΪǿȴ󷨣Ǵʱߴս֮ʱɱ󷨣
ķ󣬲󣡡
ֻһȣؤڸ߽ԼѾʣһλγһǧ׳ķΣ
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ֻһȣԭɷڵħΧʮ߶ʱֳʮˣյУдǧӡ
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أ
һ׸ߵűըǧƬ
ķϾнϲ٣һֹ֮ʹȥһţ
ơ
ҶٺѪǣһȭһХ߻ɷ飬ȴǱޱȵֱ۾ʹ
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ʮʸּĴ֮ǿ߾ҲҪƤ
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ڴʱһҶٺԺըħĦǧﴫ
ΪħĦεȸ˲䶴нܣҶٺһ֮
ɱɱɱ
Ҷٺħ˸ֽǻצһƬâɱķ
ֻҶٺͬһһ㣬˲нУкɫħ磬״ħ˺Ļպݺݻȥ
нֻ֮Ҫ֮ڣĪѹƣ
Ȼħȴǲ֮У֮⣡


236 ǿ
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ҶٺʩչħƺεȰԵֱشǧѺۣ
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нŸٴʵ²֮ҶٺҪΧʣµǧڵӵˣ
Ȼؼʱ̣һĨߺХĺҶٺע
ֻĨͬһʴͬһ༸ףǰ·ĵ˳÷ǣǧоһѪ·
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ִʮ߻߸߿֮ϵ޷ֹͻѪĹǰԮǧԼԭʣµǧҪɱˣ
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Ѫŭ˿ûаСŵ³ֵÿֲС
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ɱһеˣɱһеֿߣ
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һͬҹһĹֽؼ䣬Ҷٺ
ħĦһЦɻħҫȴǽһ̴̵ʬ֮ϳȡ̵Ԫ
̵Ҫɻᦵǧż尾ˡ
սһĦתȥ૵ɷڵģҪʹۣ
ڴʱ𣬸бҶٺӵֱɶϣֻҶٺ캬Ц⣬ħĦԼڳ˺ȵ
ҵؤ˵ΧɷڵǧѾȫǣ
Ҷٺûи˵ǣµǧоɱǹҶٺµѪ
֧Ѫʦָ޲һ壬ƣ
ѹѪǰԮؤ˲١
лؤǰȣɷڼ¹ˣն౨
ħĦǰǧؤߣȭȵתҪħȥǰȡ
ɷڵӣǽյӢ˽ɷڵʷ֮ϣȥɣǶ̤ƽڣ
ҶٺɷµٲбĿȺתҪ󾲾վŵѪԼؤھӢȥ
ɷھһ٣ΪɷĦҪһҪæˣֻ·˵صҶٺû˿˼ɣɷڵĴط
ȻҪʱ̾Žǰɱħˣ


237 ؤΣ
ݼͷ죡
ǧ˵Ѫ俴ȥˣȴ쳹أҲ΢΢˿˿ɱڲ
ô˵ؿǺһİ
ҶٺڣȴȻ޷е𺳣
Ǻεΰ׳ٰǧ˵Ķ飬ԽǧңԶ룬;лҪĻԼʵǿڣ
ҼҶϣ
ڴʱһ۵߳Ҷٺһߴȵȴؤһߡ
ΪҵĺҪҶٺͨЩʲôϢˡ
ضʲô𣿡
Ҷٺ΢Ц˫ָǰһװ˸ߵıδ󺺡
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ǡ
ҶٺȴǽȡУ򿪣дŵһѪ֣ɫҲ˲ˮ
ֻһֽ֮дŵģһɷѪ֣պؤܶ棡
У
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Ҷٺ˵лը˲䱻ȼɽ̿
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֮ڣձؤ֮գ
ҶٺؤֱǿŶдĺͷĵط
ңؤܶںη̣Ҷٺû˿˵
֮⣬̨

һʱ֮һǧѾͬһһ㣬԰Ե˫̬䵽ɷԶų֮̂ϣӭǵһ۵ӰҶٺղͷ
ʱ
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Сӡȱ𼱡
ɢһֻҶٺԿµļ˵滹Ҫأȥɡ
ҶٺֱðȻ˲˹Ϊȴ޼ѾﵽʺڣҪһ̤ڵ֮Ա
תһ˲ѾƮףҶٺ˺ô׷ϣҶٺǰһʮ׸ߵĽɫؤܶ棡
Ҷٺˡ
ҶٺŸ̤ǽ˸ĴУӳһ߸ϵıԼϵӣУεؤ
ֱҶٺ֮ģҲؤİС

ҶٺӦϣű֮࣬ŭУȴǸпǧ
˵컯Ūˣ²ԭͬһܹУѾΪһɢ˿˿ѹȨ
Ҷٺ¡ñΪ˽ؤľƻнӲ¶һ˿Цݣͬ⡣
Ҷٺԣڹ۲еΣȴֻһƬ̻Ի͵Ĵ֮ϣֻһֱҶٺüŪ۵ؤԼ
ӵ۱ؤļҵף
Ҷٺвԣвһֱƭ˵ĸ顣
ؤﾹǻҩҵҲֻǰˣҶٺܲпܲ̾
ǺǺǡ
ֻ֮ϵЦޱܹиܵһɾԼԹ޵
֮󣬿ЦЪһߴŴһ˵
Ǿؤֻôˣʧɣǿؤİʨʧɣ
Ҷٺû˿Ŷλ֮Цý˹ؤУͻȻзϵ˸еһ󱯰
Գ㲻ʱˣкõĻһܹչ
Ҷٺֻ˰οȴԼҲеⰲο԰ޱȡ
һʱһʱ
аǱĵú¡ֱ죬˫Ŀĺ
Ƕ˵Ӣۣȴֻ⵱ҵİʨأҵĵأǾȻ췴˰
ϢŭѾҶٺ˻һܹŤתƵģһܵģ
ؤһǱ֮ϵһҪģæȰ˵òײŽӽߵеƽ
ҶٺԵź˺ݵĿϷֱеθֱҪǰµķ³ˣ
˿޳ܵôҪҶٺǽѾֱ˵ɣҪת˵ǵ𣿣
˵ĿУҶٺѾֱؤ˽вԡ
ѱ䣬ձҪؤܶΪƽأ
ĺǰģֻôߣ
ܵĻҶٺһưؤ
ĹȻҶٺ˵һĴһ㣬ǰҶٺ˵ֻҪһȥʮоҷһ
ǿǰһһӡҲܽҶٺһкã
ΪˣǿǰѾҲߣܹоɾأ
ҶٺƲƲ죬˵ñӵһεĺؤ
ҶٺͷˣͰǰɣؤǲеˣؤľǰҶٺе˵
ҶٺܵͷӵĥӲݣⲻǷҪô
ŸսǧߵоȳҪӽоУԭһȦװ
ðɣ԰ɣ
Ҷٺ·ʲô֮һ㣬üͷ˵
˼ȴޱܣϱҶٺ⡣
ƾΪû㹻ıôУ


238 
ͺ˽ǲֻҪؤɹ˽٣ؤӦҪ󣡡
ҧ˵ɫˢһѩס
иҶٺµŵԣ͵Ĵλϱһǵͨ죬ȻиҶٺŵеֲ⣬˵
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֮䣬Ҷٺ·ϼһ۵Ӱӣڴʱ˿̵вһ˿Ϊ֮ݷ緶
ȻҶٺҪӦʵʱһֱĬ۵ѾͻȻվͬһһ㳯⼲۶ȥ
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Ҷٺʱڸоʮ֮⳯߼۶ãã
ľӣһǰһ߷ǵأ
ǧ׵˳ǸǺεӴһ֧Ӱ
ؤյؤ
һȻҶٺһꡣ
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˵ٴ֮ͬƿԼźɱɷµĵӺͻƹս죡
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Ȼڴʱħͫо޽תһǶȣԼٶȳҶٺķȥ
ҶٺС󡭡
ҶٺȥѪڵŻϢҪҶٺȥ
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ȻħͫҴһƳҪ۾Ҷٺɻ֮ʱħͫȴǿԼĿɿڴһĻ
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ħ죬ӲǽⷽԲһ֮׻Ҫ䳹ɣ
ǧԩХǧħ趯
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ɱɱɱ
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ڴʱһ̾Ȼȴޱȵ龰֮Եޱȡ
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Ҷٺ΢ЦͻȻһųޱȵĻϸһܷǾȻǺǰϢһ޶Ļ
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ԬħͷĪװŪ
ҶٺȻܼ׻еĻԬӰˣ
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ǱɱһУҶٺҲὫ蹬ԭĳǰľſŹŵеĵųգӶͻƵء
գգգ伫
գоȼȼ֮գ


248 Ϊ
ǿȻȴֻ֧ӣȫҪһգֻܿħͫˡ
ҶٺĬ˫ֶȻһҫ۹â·ҪƬȾһƬƣ
һۻ֮·ޱ޼ʵļϢ˲Ҷٺɢ׻ϻѹƣ
ȼհɣȼһаɣա
ҶٺжȻһа״ɫţڵ֮ϣԻһеİԵѹǵضֱڻһУ׻Ҳյáֱ͡죬ڶ
֮ȼϵĽ޹أ
շ·һ㣬κεͼĻҪ֣

ڵϹֻԬУޱȿֲɫžǽҲȼ׽Ƥյޱȣ֣
ȻʱĻԬȴû˿ӦЦ
ѪһƹȵǰǸЦһɣھԨħ桭
ˣ
һޱȵȭͷĻӻԬдܳԲ˼ļٶȳҶٺȥûǳյĹâ»ҷǳյĵȼϲ٣

ħɷħͫ󺰣ޱȣǼɵħɷҲһҪױ
ȻǽħٶȴǼ죬ҶٺѾӳȴȻûжܿǺڵÿֲĽħʵؿ֮ϣ
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ǽħֻȭͷСȴǰԵޱȣֻһ֮㽫Ҷٺףˤ׻ıԵ֮ϣħʧ
ͬһʱ䣬Ҷٺڵù⣬ǿĻʧ׻ٴۣħͫħɷγɣ

Ҷٺ˫Ѫ죬ϺħƸ֣Եޱȣ
ǽħеҶٺ·һ㣬¾ʹޱȡ
ΪֲǣҶٺԭһޱ޾˲ţ˲ʧһ˲ʧһݱ䣡
꣡
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Ҷٺڹ磬ͬһ񱩺һҶٺڴ󣬸еɢаϢĺɢݵУ÷Բһ֮ڵļ¶Ҳࡣ

Ҷٺ˻ϰɫǣʮ֮ڵա
ħƸ֣ħԵѪ磬ҪѲĺȫȻգ
Ȼǽħĺȴޱǿܹƾ׳
Ų˲䣬ҶٺѪĳѪѾʳһ㣬ǹɿֲĺѾ׳һ࣬Ҷٺûһ䣡
ǿǿƾħѪѪҶٺΪﰡȴȻǽħϢ֮޿κΣ
ôΪʲô
ҶٺѪâըȴѾͬһĺҲ޷ӳԭ޼᲻ﲻƵˣ
ҶٺеǣڵѾʼͬˮһţ֮ڱް
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ŸսŹûĺǻһ㣬ʼǾԲİʯȥͬħצҪǰʯ֮ϣ䳹װ
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ڴʱҶٺʣ಻߶֮£ǿѾݷõʯ΢΢һһƬİ׹ͬһ׾ٵҶٺ蹬ָһƬྻһ˿覴ã
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Ϊʲôõǿʯ֮ȻҪ˵֣֮ΪʲôǿŴδζʯʱȴҲûյЧ
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Ÿսħɷ󲼳ħħͫڷ˻ҶٺԣҪޱȵҶٺ뿪˵ء
ħɷһԭַԲһ֮ڵޱ߻𺣱ħɷ֮⣬ǵǿȴ޷ħɷеľǿħ
ԷԿ
ħɷ󱾾Ǻ׻ͬһ󷨡
ʱһѾ׻Ҫ䳹׻ֻʱ⣡
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ħɷħͫһֽҶٺϣһָ黮ħɷжʱƬһǷŻڵĻԬѾǧмħлɻң
أ
Ԭһ׻˲飡
ԭǻԬ׻ۣѹ󷨷·иɻһ㣬ħħͫû˿Բߡ
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ħħͫ󷨵еǧɷͬͻ⻷ŵһǧһͬһƬɫˮǻƹȵڵؼ۶ȥ似ҪǻƹȵΪƽأ
߰ɣҶٺŴʱƹȵδǵĹδӰɣӻɷڣĦΪϵĽշӡ취
ħͫжҶٺת㻯һӰѾԶȥɷڵӳȥΧƹȵսС


249 һ
Ҷٺ΢΢һЦʯͻȻҽ蹬ڵĺ֮ȻŰĺѾ
ȻȻڲʳԼٶѾûôˡ
ֻҶٺХͬХоʩչͬһ㳯ħħͫԶȥķɳ۶ȥѾԵޱϰɫ·ʱҪһһ㣡
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ħħͫޱȾȣʵεȸῴʱҶٺֱֻһտǣݽߡݽߣȻܹѹѾ־ˣ
ȻȻΣͷʩչ似һڷսĵط
ѾҪΪһˣôܲϧһأ
Ҷٺ΢ЦɫޱȲ԰ףٴμһ˿ûǿֲħʴٴμӿµĶתۼ׷ħħͫȵ
ҶٺǱܣҵĴʵԶû֣ܶ
ء
һһ֮Ļ泯ҶٺϮҶٺһȭ俪
ʣȴȻһǿ壬еѪâҶٺ磡
ѪǱǳɾҶٺϱǿ
ԭһǿ㹻ˣ
ҶٺжȻһ貾⣬ͬӰһڻƹѾɱԣ˲佫һʦɱ
ħ֣ܹʴκжɥʧΪһˣ
ǽһΪٲҾḶ́˲ԭϲͬˮһȥĸоǺεȾ
ȻҶٺ֪ǷΪӵʯԵʣɵĹȴǼȻ޷ֹҶٺһ˵ĽȴҶٺս֮Ϸƴɱˣ
䡭
ԪħƲɵֵ˲佫ƹȵʮʦɱ
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޴󣬼ܽɱ˲佫ʮըɷɻң
ɱɱɱ
ɷڵӷԭǧԻƹȵǧ߼ֱһ浹ƣټħħͫԼڷ״̬еҶٺֱͬһ̨߻ҷ
ħħͫս˫ϱﾡص似һһ˶ս߶ܣǳûħͷɱˣ

Ҷٺŭ˫Ѫɫâ㣬һͬһĺܵĵһɨ
ʱҶٺڵÿһѾǽħĺ⣡
ҶٺȫƾһɺݾԼǿɱУ
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ɢޱаϢĺҶٺ˫֮ݳСմϵ˲仯ɭɭ׹ǣ
аܹ˲佫߻ݹǣ
Ҳֻǿ壬ܹסаʴ
һ棬ɷڵĴѾΪ㣬׽ټĻƹȰΧκλƹȵ߲ӣ
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ߣɷڼֱ̫볹׺һƹսô
ڴʱһ۵ͷһƼ۶޷εŭʾޱߵı塣
ƹȹף
һԺɷĦаħͷȻҲƹħɵλ֮ˣ
ߣĦСӾֻڵСһ̻ǿԴ󣡡
ŭһѹͬɻˣ㽫ѾޱȵҶٺѹõ£
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ڴʱƹȹͻȻһ˼ɫޱȲ԰׵ҶٺٺһЦ
Ѫļ̳ˣ󰡣ֱ顣ȴҪ׳Ϊˣ
ϹȻҪɷڵļ̳˵
ħħͫŭȣͬһͷʨһ㣬ħħ£ҡָף·ʱᳯȥһ㡣
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ȵһĶɫ԰ףòҶٺͬһͷӥ
ҶٺܹϹ裬ȭͷžֱ죬ûܹڵ֣·
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Ҷٺɫ԰ףޱȵӲǽܹ˵¶ȽºüȣѾͬһӰһȥǻͷɱȥ
Ϊ˺ֹ꣬ưޱȣʱȻһڵС˵ҪսⲻǷҪӣڴô
ҲҶٺһֻۣǿһӣһƬѾͬһֱʮףءһҶٺ֮⣡
ϣҲڱǰţ
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ҪĻҹȻһײˣ
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ûħͫӦŸձƹȹһȥҶٺѾٴվյеĻȥһƬĿ⣡
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˿ѾħУޱȴĽշӡİ˵ʱӦѾΪһʧķ˰ȻȴȻվţϹֵһⲻǳô
Ҳɫһ䣬ǱҶٺôЦ
ܹѪ֮˹ȻʯĳħҲסôãôñȫɣ

ֻһƬںɭƣŻصĿֲѹ·ҽҲѹñɣˣ
ϹֵһʺڵħͫҲҪˣοѾֻʣһտҶٺ


250 ս
䡭
ں˲佫Ҷٺûͬһžڶ˲ޱȿֲѹϯؼ䣬·ޱ߻𺣽˷죡
⻹ܻһΪҶٺɷڳư½أȴ꼻һֵĴڡ
ϧϧǱʲôħУҲ䵽˵زɷڵĵһŰǹҲδĶ֣
ҪҪȥأϾҲǵľ˰ǶҪ׻˰
һΧ۵ɷڵҲ׷ϾҶٺʱݿ൱аǹϵɷڵδ˰
ڴ˴ζԻƹȵɷھֻܱڳѹ·磬Ҫħʵ̲ˡ
ҶٺȻûҶٺû
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ҶٺɽħڵġѪ似ϰõʽν˵һǧ˰ٵĺУȻҶٺʱѾƹˤˣ
Ҷٺȴǧһ֮ʣڷһĵ֮ûбǽħʴǾȻһޱȿֲǿò˼ħǿܹӡĽħҲ޷κֺ
ҪǣħҶٺȼѪѪ֮ʱǿʼѹ˲Ļ£޾
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𣡡
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ء
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޻ڵһȭһֻٱڼħצ׺ɱ
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ҶٺʲôΪڵСߣȻܹڣ˵Ѿվ½֮۵ĸֵһ£
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һȭҶٺȻѾƣ·ҪڵİԵޱȵĿֲħ÷ǣȴǶѪµĸ
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ҶٺһƬ磬˫ʶİڳһޱȷӵĶԭѾޱȵѪȻʼʣȴͬˮһ˻ڣһɸΪΪֲʼ
˵Ҷٺ˵ĸоһͷΰľ˼ɵѣʱҶٺͷ󡱸Ǵսףĥ
һɾǿսʽ
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Ҷٺ˫ͨ죬˫̤ȳѪӡ̤ձ
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ûûøħҲκβǰ𣿣

У׻ɢ¶ȻѪҺĻƹȹףԼµվҶٺ
ҶٺȻƾһȭ֮ǲһĻħˣ
ȻʵϴʱҶٺȴҲܣ֮ԿԽħ˳˳̶ȣΪޱ޾ľǿħ֧ԼʱڶؾѪ
ѪڶأҪѪ㹻򣬻Ҫӵǿħ֧Ԯ
ʱҶٺҪֻʣЩѪѪûù֮ʱ׳׻ܣ
ȻǿҪٴ˯ҲֻٴγΪһ׸
ˣɣѪڶأѪ
Ҷٺ˫ָ߾٣ؼ䣬ޱħҡϻͨ죬Ķ¶һ룡
һޱǿᣬ·ĿֲȻγɣ


251 Ĵս
ҶٺѾԼα˴ɷڵˣļ䵱еģֵһƬѪ죬ԼǽħͷֵͬѪһĽѪʶһƬڣܾúܾã·޾ĺڰ
ȿȡ
ҶٺȣһƬʶʼ۾֮ҶٺŷԼѾһůϡ
ȻȴͻȻҪվԵþޱȣȴǡ䡱һٴεڴϡ
㡭ô
ҶٺȵǰĲǱˣҶٺұҶٺ˦ڻɽҰ뵱еħŮ
ʱҶٺԣʩ糯ϼĻ˿
㲻֪ڵͷʲôʱͻȻҶٺһʱһ죬Ųڻָ
ҵĸչأѾ˯һ˰ûʲô˰ɣ
ͬ棬̲סҵҶٺ˵͸һɵľǧ֮˼
Ҷٺı仯ĵ׷·ͻȻЩʲôһ㣬ǿԳµ𣬳
Ѿһ𣿡
ǰһսνǶҶٺļ󰡣ΪڵȴҪʺڵħԬڵվ½֮۵ħͷսǿҲһʲôշӡסˡ
ˣúչҶӡ
ǿҶٺͻȻһ˿įһ毺õŮչ˴ʱѾ˵Ҷٺű˵
ûϵģܿͻˡھȥҸ֪Ϣһܸ˵ġ
ħŮŸ˵꣬վͬһ߳Ҷٺڵķ䣬ֻһ˿
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ҶٺɫȻ԰ޱȣþȫŽֱɪޱȣ̾
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Ҷٺ
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һж˳УȴͷʧˣһֻǰͻȻֵĲ֪Ůӣ

ҶٺҪ񱼹ȥеŮȴǷԼѾͬһӰһ㣬޷κζ
·ѾΪ͸壬˿޷ƣ

˼۱ԼȴȻŮӣЦ
һѪĴˣȴһħѪˡ˰ˣҲǿҶ֮˵ˣ
ҶٺֻоһǿޱȵľƬ֮ɨ飬ûзʲô֮󣬶ѾеԼ顢뿪ˡ
Ҷٺ˫۳죬ǰ֮ʱ⳯߿޵ЦݣԺȻǧﴫ
ҪҼס㣬Ҳס㣬һὫҪ
Ҷٺ֮ƿһСС˿ںһŹصĽָкݹ˸ͬһͷߵޣ
ʱĳϦദǶһľͷҲҪ鰡
ҶٺħŮĹϵѾΪˣοлԼɷڵǧԶ߶ΪһνԵ
ΪʲôҪôɵ
Ҷٺ૵˫Ѫ·ҪγѪ
ʱȫ·ޣܹʵǿڵߵľҲ޷쵽
زʬѪɺӣһ
ΪߣȴȻޱȲ̵һ棬ͬڵɱһСӡĵˣ
ߵ죬ض·Ѫ죬һľ
ޱȵĿҰУһ˿ˣʬлУ߹һȻ߷սߵĲк߹һ¶ֵѾߵʬ塣
Ҷٺͬһ㣬ҪڣҪҵΪ
ʱָ֮ϵĽָΪܹεЧֻ֪Ҫȳ
ȻڴʱȻڿ񱩵еҶٺͻȻһеǹӽָȡ˳Ȼ㳹׵ı¶ƬʬУԵùµޱȡ
㡭ôӰ䣿
ҶٺԺͻȻôһλ·ַ·ޱߵŭ
ħͫǰҪ֧סָңȻͱץˣ㻹Ҫһȥ
Ҷٺȵһ߽˹ҡǰѾˡ
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ʱħħͫɷڵһħķˣɫ԰ޱȣؿټĿܹİ඼ˣֻǹӲд
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ħͫ˫ۻ˫ĿʾԼҲȻħͫȴȻſ˵
ǶƼֱ˵ǰħͫȫϵˣһǹħͫţҲòȱȫ
ħͫʿԿԪʵҪ룬ΪԾ֣ѹֶ֮ħͫˣȫûбҪ
Ҷٺ᲻֪ħͫʱ״̬ܹһʺڵĸ߽ҲöͽԪ˲ˣ
ȻҶٺôأ
ħͫʱΨһľݡ
ħͫҲ޷ͳôһȫޣʯռҲ޷򿪵ķܹʲô
ѵҪֿȭô

Ҷٺءһȭħ֮ͫϣһɫӡͬҰһ
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Ҷٺ˹񱩺أ˻ⷽʬԵޱȡ
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Ҫ
Ҷٺ˻ȴǵסħħͫĵ֮һŷźڹħ黺𣬱ħħͫﴦ
ҵ͸֧ʱշӡΪʱʺڵľ֡Ӱ֮ڵ޷ϤĴڣټĴŲƹܣ·Ҳ޷Σҵɻ꣬ȳɡķβο֪Ҫúչ
ħͫЦڣıȴ˲ɱ˲һã

ҶٺѾڵеĻԲħɢ޾ħ·ޱ޾Ԩ
ֻħɢħҶٺȥһǿޱȵħҶٺͬԶħ
һɾϵѹ̺޾ɱ⣬̺޾⣬ʵ޹أ
׷ǹʵħħͫΪ뵽ΪץҶٺķŭ
ҶٺԺбޱ޾ĸ⣡
ˡ
ڴʱһֻаƴСĹͻȻҶٺУӭ֮һѹޱȳѪϢǿħ𣬺ҶٺϵĿֲħңӦ
ɱɱɱɱ֮ˣڳʧ
սϵӢ갡ҽʿң֮Ϥɱɣ
ҶٺͬħһƬѪɫ֮ƣֻɰǧĸɫڿлӰɻ굱ȥ
ɲǼ䣬Ǻ
ﰲϢģߵ갡
ЩĻǽʮ㣬ʵɻ֮ɻԭѾ׺ޱȵħüֲȥͬһͷ˯еԶħ


261 ٺ
Щ֮˵İǣǵӢꡭ
ҶٺһֻħһӣɽͼѾǰչǧâĻѾҺűɻɣȺħХ
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ˡ
ҶٺĬĬĽɻͽɽͼʯռ䵱УӰɢ貰׹⣬ҶٺΪһˡԦԪ«еķβε΢Ӧһɳ۶ȥ
Ҷٺ뿪󲻾ãһӰͻȻʬǲкʬ֮г֣ȴѾȥĶƣ
ֻüͷ壬·ʲôޱȵ顣
֣ŷӦǿޱȵħ¼ѾҪܹȵҵʵ˰ɡ
ƻҡͷҲƽĵڶ£ȻһԭʧӰ٣ûһ˿ۼ
ˣʱħŮѪˡ

ͬһʱ䣬ҶٺѾһСľݵУСľȻѾãյҶٺҲûע⵽СľݾȻΪڵ֯ڡ
ˡ
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ҶٺЦȻһ룬桰ҶٺȴǶһɫС죬ɻ꣡
Ҷٺеɻ޷Զѹޱȵħʯռ䵱Уԩɻ굱кХûǰǺɫħУǽħѪޱȣ·
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첻ϴԭ˶ޱȵħٽһѹѪޱȷ·ҪѪ
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һٶʮҩɵħѾֲޱȣټɻħ꣬ǰѪɫħѾﵽǰδеĿ̶ֲȣСľݵУڹ⣬Ȼӵм֮ҶٺȴܹСľݵеĻɢϢ
Сľݵڲ˿濴ǰСһʯΣоȻʮѪʮľܣȻԴ̾ߡ
ԼɼʯξͷһʮľܹһȻźµĽСӰҶٺҰУҶٺϤޱȵħŮ
ʱޱȣȻûܵ˺Ȼȴڵͷ˯ţ·볤ߵһ㡣

ҶٺûǰļΪ˾ԸԼץ̶ѨСŮӰ
Ҷٺԭзһ˿飬ҪųصĲߵߡ
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ĺڰУһ˵Ӱȴǽ˵ħϤɱĶƣ
һޱĳľ֮ϵȥħƵһѪɫ«Լɢһ˼Ϣ
ħѪħĺӣȷʵҪΪǶ˵ˡ
૵·ֻ˵ʲôͨһ㣬к«߸߾Ѫɫâƴҫ
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262 ֲħ
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һαҶٺõʮףֳһ˿ɫɵ
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м׺ĵˣʺԺȼʵȴֻˣ·һͷţһ㡣
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ڴʱһЦ
ʱ䣬ԭɬĵξͻȻ֮ޱȣ·ⲻһϢԩ׳һʥĵط
ߣŮĪЦңԸˣ²Һù
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ͬݿһҪʯδݿ壬ȻʯȴǼޱȣûܵ˿𺦡
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ΪʲôҪðΣյطԼΪʲôԼ۾ʱܹ飿
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ҶٺƳһ˿ЦһȴٴνڻУһ󽿺һĶͷߵ죬ͬһ使õһ˲ߢ
֮ǰһҪΪһ£۸ڸˡ
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ؼ·ͻȻðһĩռٵľ
Ҷٺϣõˮ©ǿħѹüɷĩ
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ҶٺȣаֱħȻɌ磡
ͬһʱ䣬ҶٺӰ׹ţҪչ˲ƣ
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ȻҶٺӰ˲ƹʱһȻħΪ˿ֲѹҶٺءһҶٺǧףѪֱҲ֪ǻ
ͬһʱ䣬Ҷٺ֮ϰ׹һѾʧԭأ֪ȥ˺η


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263 ͷ
̣ɴˣ뿪ôӰҲȲǡ
Ӱ¡޾˲һƬȻ񱩵ķ֮ϣһɾǿȻ£ܸգҪҶٺ܌磡

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ţֻȻеĻһ䣬ǳһӿ浱꣬ڷŨüüӢˣ·һڱһȴҶٺĺֵܣӣ

ͬһʱ䣬½֮ϣһƬɽ뵱Уһձͷӱ¨ľɽ֮䣬ϸһԾȵķͷ۾Ϲˣȴߵޱȿ죬Ȼһϵ׳ҩũ
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ʱҶٺѪǱըľǿԼ˵ǿһ˺ۡ
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ϽмٺۣҲҶٺıмӲܵõЧ
Ҷٺ໥һʦĽŮܹѵص֮
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ͷӰ˼䣬ȻԼҶٺеޱȣ̾Ϣ
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Ҳãͷҿɲʲôȵˡ
ͷЦֻͰ͵־Ȼ̺һֽҶٺڼ֮ϣһֽУٲȻһضˡ


264 ɽһ
Ҷٺ֮ʱѾ֮ˡ
ԭΪԼɵ֮ȴǷԼһũСУһСһľ򵥵Զ볾
ҶٺɵĵطҲһŲϯϺһɲݰˡ
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Ҷٺ̧ͷܣŸһ̧ͷɫɲ԰ֽһľ֮ϣ˯൱񾲡
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Сӣѹ˰ͷһΪûء
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ҶٺĶ˹еҩڴʱŷǰ˫Ŀ񣬾Ȼһ˫Ŀʧˡ
·ǿʲôߣ˼ҺٺһЦȻЦݲõĶҶٺȵ
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ҶٺкЦͷӻǺˣȥһŲĶϡ
ȻһʧͷӻҪߣҶٺľʲôҰͻôء
ͱôˣ֮ȥҩɣҲҪҵ
ҶٺѾںǰ˼ҵĿ֪ΪҲ֪Ծסɽʮꡣ

Ц·Ҷٺ˵Ļޱȸһ㣬һ˫۾ʡ
˼һߣֺҲҩأСȴˣҪ˼Сܿ࣬ɲܹŮ˵˰
Ҷٺвм֪ԼΪǰ˯˶ѨĻᾪĿɿڴ
ҶٺȻ˵ģҪ֪ǰǲһͨ˰Щ½˵ֱҹ̷
ɴˣҶٺé֮У͸Լ˯еܾһ
Ȼһɫ԰׵ģ˫ĿʧĸéΪƲҩȻʧȴȻһҶٺͬʱ˺ҩũһƻãǣҶٺ͸ĻЦ
Ȼò˵ǣҶٺԵڶ쿪ʼԸĿ㳹׸Ĺˡ
ʲôطʮ·ֻҰûһҩݣϻȴӻҪ࣡
ҶٺݺֱϵٺۣǱһͷһ˸ߵͻһҧٺۡ
ԭʼɽֵоȻ˶ޣֻֻ쳣ǿ׳ֱԿȷ˾ӢˣͲһЩܹɾˣ
ȻˣҶٺȻǰȥųǰĵĸ˵ҪɵʮҩݣȻ˰ȴƬҩҶҲûм
ȻҶٺǸÿĲҩʮֺ棬̾ÿࡣ
ǹʱҶٺֻҰʮͷ֮һƬ֮Ͻʮɫɫɫȵȵҩռڼ仹±ϵ¶Ρ
ȻǿޱȣҪˤһѹͷˡ
ˣһֻҰأæ˼ҿɾɶˡ
ûһɥҶٺ߻һЦ˵
࣬ʮ·һܹס
ҶٺЦǰձͷùаԴͷǲװϹȻôƾǼʮÿʮܹҰ޲ҩ
Ȼȴ·֪Ҷٺڶ̲ѣֺǺǵ˵
ǾͺãպĲҩͽˣͷҶȻչ˺С˵ġ״ƺҲתɫˡ

ҶٺɽҰ뵱һ£
ÿ춼Ҫʮ·ȥժҩݣȻҶٺ¼ҩݲٿʯռ佫һЩҩӽȥ
ǿǿҩ칤߰û˿ҩҶٺܹʹأ
ȻһµУҶٺڷΪͷӵĲѰ֮Ҷٺɻֻһͨҩũô
ܹƾʧ˫Ŀ֪Ҷٺֵʱ䡣
̸ҶٺһֻöͼѰҩݱƳܹһͷ˻ߵԻȥΪǧɢĶҩ
̻ҶٺһֻҪһȪټһֲҩǱȥԻ˲ȴƴΪĽҩ
ҶٺҩݵĹЧҶٺֵҩ䷽ȻҶٺЩôȤ
һܹͷӸǧ߶мסҲֻСǧɢԼܹ˴ЦһġЦɢܹ˻ͬɢܵġɢܹڱΣ֮ʱġ쵤ֵҩ
ҶٺΪλϰ鵤ҩ䷽Ψס֣ΪһرȺá
ǱǽԭʼɽֵеҰ޵Ʒ
ҶٺЩͷӸܹ޺еɽлãΪҲͷӰ
Ҫˣɣһġ
ҶٺһƽһŴʯͷ֮ϳĸ΢Ц˵
ҶٺԴһºҶٺҪ뿪뷨
Ŷ治һְĺأôԼСأ
Ե൱ȣȻҶٺϣԵЩŭ˵
Ҷٺޱ飬ô᲻أ
˵ͷⰡ
Ҷٺȴǲϣܵ˺
ܹ²⵽ǣһǱŭ֮ˣҪַǣ
ҶٺѾԲ²⵽Ͼʲô⣡
ŶҪȥǳұɣ˼ҿµһİȴƨҲǰܹʯͷӲأ
ǺЦȻжҶٺ˿ȴǳĶҶٺá
ҶٺȻ֪ǰϹ۵ĸǶˣһղѵͻкӹôѡ


265 ٺȥ
ҲòˡҲ˵ԼʲôشΰˣҲҵҲҵˣһղҵ֮˱㲻ᰲȫҲò
Ҷٺ˸·һͷǣϲɵɢһϢ
ҶٺԶȥĳؽŲ߷һ˿Ц⣬СӻԼ
ߺȵСӣȥôƾ⸱΢ǿ׳ӣ
ûʲôˣ಻һѣ
ҶٺһߺԶĴֵشҰ˻
һ಻һѣ
ЦϣȴǴżֲ֮УȾɪ֮⣬ֻЦͣЪԭʹͻȻ
µõ޾أ
Ҷٺ΢΢һ٣˼ĺ״пô
ǱԶĽշӡס
ҶٺҡͷٴŲҪȥįıӰֻᡣ
ɲһӺΪҲ˵ȥ֮ƨ
ݺݵһֱҶٺһ㣬ҶٺһȻŭȵ
һշӡˣͷһٸӽ
ҶٺȻתͷ˫Ŀ죬ٵͬһͷΣޣŵһŭĸҲɵò
㣬֪շӡ
ֹ֪ҪѧͷҽһٱǧķӡʱҪĵñأ
ֵ˵·˵ʲôṦΰһ㡣
ǡҩ
ҶٺһƲŵ˵Ȼ֪һ˵󻰣Ǿޱȣµȼ޾־
ҶٺֱԼ۾İٶǰϹ
ȻΪҩľ˵ܹ񵤳ɾˣ˭ܹǴ˵Ľշӡأ
СӣЩʫϹ˰ɣҩͷҿԱȼء
һЦűһֵֿĿҶٺ
ĺϣܹǸӡ
Ҷٺ˵ⲻǷϻô˭ͨܶѡһͨˣοǴʱﻢµҶٺ
в鷳
ͷӾһҡͷһ˵һֻϺꡣ
㲻˵һַôһ򵥵Ĳˡ
ҶٺһƲû˵
šеҪһͷǧ
૵ȴǰҶٺŵòᣬǿǧ
ǿСҪˣʵûʵʵҲ˰ɣ
ҶٺһȻô򵥵أ
򼣬߶ݣҶȵʮֶ֮
һأ
ҶٺĬҪ˵ʮֶˡ
쾧ۡҶȵһҩ಻ޣΪӣټͷƵĶŲҩҪڵĽħ
ЦޱȲãȴҶٺ⡣
ͷӻ쿪ҪһҩҪ֪ǿǿ䰡
ҶٺЦһҩԱ˵ڵ죬˵ȴǼޱȣ
Ϊʯ
ðɡ԰ɡ
Ҷٺɫ糣˵ȴǿøĿɿڴ
ǰҩ
ȻҶٺȴ˵ɣѵ֪һҩҲǼΪ
ʵͨĻ˼ϹҲֻǼʮˣ
ȷҪ취
ЦҪҩûаҲܰ
ҪԸڣòˡ
ҶٺĿ˸ȴ֪Լ仰ҲͷӸһ漴糽ǣ
СӣⷽӣԺ½ˣĪΥ֮£ͷҶ㶾ǧ飡
ŭȵһŽҶٺߌǧ֮⣬ȻҶٺơ
еĲҩͰݣ֮ӡףɹ
лǰ

ո˵꣬ҶٺԼվһٵ֮ϣû뵽ԼȻǸһߵﲢվڵϣҶٺòп⸣ɲ⡣
ҶٺװһӯҺҩƿʱﲻ֪ԼһһֱڸµķУ
ǷȻһԸ˽ĻҶٺʱĻɽҰ־Ϳɼһߡ
ΪϹͷ˵ԼҩºҩѲ˸ϵ
ҶٺѾ㽫طŪͷӾǺηʥҪҵȳķ϶Ǳ֮ʲôֽˡ
ũٲݣ˲֮ʹ࣬ʱڱر֮κ˱ɣ
Ҷٺеò֪Ƴɵüޱȡ
⿰ƱȽħ滹ҪֵĶҩܹɱκˣⲻ˵½֮ҶٺӴ˿ԺаԵô
ʲô
ζųΪ½ԴﵽǴ˵ľǿߣѾǼȥ
Ȼⶼũٲȴǿ߶ܹɱ
ͬһʱ䣬ԭҶٺľݵУ˫Ŀĸ΢ЦźһŮţŮӾǾþδѵ
ҶٺձһߵĲãԭһֱûȻ漣
Լĳɱиɻɱ֮㲻Ҫڴ𣿡
ɫȻǣȻҶٺǡ
㲻õĲңǻңͷҲİٶˣʲôǿɱңһ
˫ĿȻȷѾϹˣȴЦ൱̹
СӣѾˣӲҪǲСô
һ죬Ȼ⸣˵룬ȴתݸЦ
ȻˣҲҪϲһˣǴҩҸأ
ǺǺǡתƻˣСӻ澫顣
ҲЦ˵ĦҲһŰܹߵλòΪ档ɣͷҵһѧҲҪҸ˴أ˼ҪΪһɱ˲գ۵ľħŮ


266 һ֮
һ֮󣬴ҶٺһһƬɽȵУżƬҶӣ;ڿӺײҰ޵ġǧɢ֮ʱҪʹõĲҩ
ھͨҩ֮ĸݱ֮£ҶٺѾʱһ綾ġϰߡްڷļȻҲ˺˲١֪Ұޡ
̵ĵطһٵֻʣǰһƬɽˣûа̣·һ硣
ƬɽȴҶٺļʱ꣬ΪҪҩЩҩȻͿɽҰ֮ȡ
һҩֻҪһҩټһЩṩҿʯռұ³Ϊ
ҶٺĬһұ߽ɽҰֵУû˿ԥ
ɽȶˮ֣ʳҰսޣ֮䣬ۼҶٺѾɽоסһ֮ΪʯռռҩԼҩҩݣ
ڸҶٺνǾͨҩ֮۾ɱ˶ǾͶ֮䣡
ʱҸطǽշӡƿˡ
Ҷٺ૵ʱڴҪǸˡ
һȥҶٺҲǵçײСˣڴõľõδδ֮Ҷٺµĸ紦Ӷãɽ
˳ʱ䣬仯һܴɡ֪ȺǲǻڷŭУ֪ʧɷڵλΡ
ҶٺĬͬһڵһ㴩ڴֵС
Ҫһ԰ȫĵطǰҩ
Ƭ֮ҶٺѾһɽΧҩ˴ɸĪĸƌľ綾ԽһڵľֶȻҪǷܹжˡ
ȻҶٺʱûаƾһƶҩĹѾٴζ½ˣ
Ҫ֪һʦҲһɫҩʦౣıһĴڣ
ʯУҶٺϥһѱеҩɢ̹⣬̵Χʯڡ
ֻҪ޾ҩ£ҶٺӵнҩӰʯռ䵱ȡָʵڴ˾٣
շӡˣڣңҶٺĬ
ȻҶٺ뽫иĶŲҩ֮ʱٲֻʵĽŲԽҶٺõĶҩֱɽٶȼ죬˲ҪҶٺڵĶѨ
߲ɢΪߵ˴æ
ҶٺƵ˵ϳʱķ֮˿е־塣
ԣ߲ɢ߶ҪΪһ࣬ҴѾ岽ֻһ֮ң
㡭
һ߽꣬ʯúҩҶٺɵڵ
Ȼһǰ֮˲һͨˣоȻһɢŨҩ֌һ˿Ц̰ͬһͷǣҪҶٺȥ
࡭
Ȼ˲ŸһѪһˤҶٺǰ˲仯һ̲ŧˮ
ɣô׵Ľ߲ɢأв˿ڣܹͨ˿ڽˡ
ҶٺĬĬԭһȦ綾˼ǷֹһЩͨ˵ţϻͻȻɱôһߡ
ҶٺѾˣܹƾСС߲ɢܽһߡ
ĽˣҶٺҪݺŰɱˣ
ҶٺҡҡͷҪٴγ״̬ʱҶٺһٿһ㽫ָ̲ŧѪУһŸɰͰ͵ֽ飬ɫһ䡣
һŵͼƬ֪ʲôʵƤɣŸ뿪̲ŧѪ䳹׷룬ûдѪΣ
ͼƬôô죬Ҷٺͫ׶ȻͼͺܾǰħߵгʱʦͽеõĵͼƬһ޶ô
ǰͼưСҶٺǰ
ⶫһЩʲôأ
ҶٺüͷеĵͼеĺӴΪͻһΪ¹ȡͬǳͬĵطֱҶٺδš
ѵ½ĵͼô
Ҷٺת۱㽫ͼҵУͻǽշӡ֮һҪͼƴһúù۲һ
ȻҶٺҪ飬Ҫͻǽһ˵Ľɷӡ
¸ĶҩҶٺɢһŨصĲҩζ̹˸ͣȴ˲䱻ǳҶٺµĺɣȴû׳֣
շӡĺǿ֮ͨ׳ֻҪҶٺһκǺͬǧһһ˶ϣ˲佫ɴ
ȻҩȴûǺ׳֣
ҩ֮ЧҪֹͣҶٺͬǿһĺ
ҪڵҪһۣҪһ˿һ
Ҷٺ׼һҩͬһſɱʽըҪ̰ǿĺը
ŸշһҩҶٺţŨͬˮһֱҶٺڹȥȴǱҶٺ޾ĺ˲ȥҪٴȡŷ
Ȼôףҩĺм
ͬһʱ䣬ҶٺѾɫռ䵱еһҩȡͶУҩڼڣǧ⣬Ҷٺĵ֮ȥȴ˲ٴαǵضĺɶûټ
һḶ́Ҫ֪ҶٺڵĺѾ۵һΪĵز³蹬֮⣬ȫǿһĺռ
ȻҲҶٺٶȼ죡
ʮ꣬Ѿȥһĺˣ
ҶٺĬϵĶȴǲɵüӿ켸֣
Ҫ⿪һ˵Ľշӡ˰ÿÿҹĽ֣ڵȵˣ
һҩܹһڵľǿͷѪȻҶٺȴͬһһһͣ
Ǳ߼Ҷٺݳ޵֪ǻŭѪһŭ֮½Ҷٺĳأ


267 п
ҩ̺ķҶٺɢһɿϢɫҶٺʳҩĹյЩ
Ȼ뱻ǰԵ֮ĺɵȲţһëҶٺ˵ѾǷޱˡ
ҶٺڵĴɣҶٺԭѪŻתѪ޾ƯҶٺ֮ϣٴҶٺ֮߱
ͬһʱ䣬ҶٺﵱԭٴλŨޱȵϰɫƣħ죬ħ
䡭
ѹŰԭӲޱȵʯҲҶٺϱľǿѹòͣ
ҶٺԭѾޱȵԼڶҩȻɢľǿѹԲʮ֮ڵҰҲñϣ
оԼϵϲٵҶٺ˷ޱȣʳҩٶǿϼ֣ٸҶٺʱܽʣµʮҩʳ̾Ҷٺһ֮õаɢһ
ͬһʱ䣬Ҷٺޱѹͬʱڵʯʮĳʮ͵תͷҶٺڵķкݹ˸
⾹һȺһڸ߽ߡʮԼʮʦɵˣɫƣȻʲôö
϶֣һɱȥѾˣӲ˶Զˣ
һĴֵ˵
ϴǻȾɣϾҲ֪ǽƻСû
ڴʱһ΢С˵ȴ֮ǰ˵Ĵ󺺱ĵ
Ϊϴıڵĸ߽ߣȻһȺȥΧǰҶٺСӣѵǲұҶٺСŲɸ˵ܣ
ССһСƨһָͷ
ֳһѪɫìյһ̤ڿն𣬳Ȼɢǿĵطȥ
ʮ룬˵Ǿ֮͡
ӹȥʮѾͬһһԼٳҶٺڶѨһ֮⣡
ϴǸķҿ⾪Ķǵѹɲô񰡡
ڴʱһʦ˵
ʵǲڰ·Ϊ˹ͬ˵ģ˶ҶٺǰĿеصͼ⹲ͬĿ֮⣬ûκϵ
ôϻȻˣ͸һɣ
Ϊ׵ϹȻҲһĺһ˦һа׳ħƣ˲佫ŷԵʦ𣬳ϡɼʯԼȥ
ء
ʦС߱صˤڵϣȴҲûǾʯڻ׵֮ϣ
ȻյеʮĿɿڴǱˤȥͬ飬ҲҸ󶯾ΨǱ׵Ϲֽȥ
ΪʱҲ̫ˣһ˵һʦôҲܴӲʮ׵ĸ߿ˤˤˣ
ڵħͷɫһ䣬Ȼǰ龰Ҳоɲ
ѵѨе治ԭ׷ɱСߣ
ҪȻѾ˵ķôϢʮǰǵɱ
ȥ
ħͷһ˫͵ıźâ͵Ľߵʮ߳ĺɭĶѨȥ漴·Ķ
ϲ
ħƳʮߴȻܵסħһ
ֱƵѾڵϵĿԣ˲ʮΪϵµ˲һ̲ŧѪºѪ಻Ŀ
Ҷٺµľ綾εϬǿߣǲڣҲҪ޶οǰЩΪµߣ
ߣһЩҩˣˣű
Ϲб⣬ͬһڵһ㳯ǰĶѨȥµʮ˲붴ѨУ
ڶѨģڷʳҩ÷ĵҶٺ
Ǵʱڹؼʱ̵ҶٺĶϣҪٴγǽշӡҪٴصĸˣ
οʱҶٺŵĿܹ½Ϊ֮ҩ
ǰȺǿ֮ͽ˼ҩô᲻Ҷٺƴ
ȻڴʱûΪ׵ϹּҶٺһɰ׵ޱʥǿӿءһӭʮߴõɶ
ҹ
ƺ׺¡ǶѨ·ʲô޵ŭ
ߣһոսڵСߣĪ껹δвأȥɡ
ΪĪħͷɫħ˸ͬһ֧һ㳯Ѩȥ
ǵģȺ˳ط֮ʱҶٺ鼱֮£һڽĶʮҩϤУ
ǸǺεۺһҶٺʱͬһȼյɼһߣ
ʱҶٺֻоԼͬһ򣬼跢й
𡭡
Ҷٺ似ϵޱȵеͬһ㣬ڡϲڹֹںϣҶٺѾƾ޾ҩܣֱӽˣ
߻̨֮γһᾧҶٺоѪĽᾧҶٺͨ¾ҶٺϵıҲûɣ
߱ʵҶٺƾ䷢ǿһѶִһֲ
䡭
¡Ҷٺںľǿǿޱȣݿһ㽫Īеĺâķѿ
ĪȻʲôŴɵĵӣд似ޱȣȻֶгìҶٺϹɱȴûκεҶٺ֡ߣʤһغϣĪ˵⣡ҵģħ죡
ĪڷƮ裬ź֮һƬϺڶɫƵħѾγɣҪҶٺճ⽴
Ȼ߲֮Ҷٺױ˺ͽĪȥһӼ䣬Īǵɶ


268 
ŸͻڵҶٺѾӵкڸ߽߶Կʸ
һĻۣҶٺƵǹ벢似
ںҶٺжǿ
´ʱѾʵյħħͫˣ
ۡ
Ī걻صĻһ¸һںѪһԹҶٺͬһͷȥȴȻվĶǣߴȵ
ϰǰ׳հ
ȡ
ʱ䣬ԭվĪʮ߽ǴųҶٺ似ͬڵһҶٺϣըǧâ
ҶٺЩߣʱѾڵǿ¾ڵľҲһܹݻ٣
ֱ֮һ̹ˣ
Ȼڴʱһɿֲɭ֮ϢȻԭĪгìҶٺǳì֮Ϻɫâ˸·ʱһ㣬ն˲Ҷٺǰһ״
ء
Ҷٺǰޱȵ似о֮вָоܾǰҲ·ʱվֹһо
ȻԺȻ˸޾˼ҶٺȻֻħƶȻһ貺⣬Ѿߵĺìȥ
أ
Ȼֻһ죬ҶٺкâڣȻȴǷ·ʲôһ㣬ͬһ㵹ף
ҶٺǼޱȵ壬Ҳ޷ֹǰĪһУ
ŸսڵëͷСҲҺӹȥҪ֮أ
ĪЦжȻһƬں˸׹⣬ϯؼ䣬ͬɽһ㳯ԶҶٺǵض
Ҷٺﲻ֪е죬Ҳ·ǰһأҶٺ޴ӣ
Ҷٺд似ӡԪħơɫҪƬ

Ȼֻһ죬ƬڸյȻͬһ㣬ȫֻܹԼٶӡصĻҶٺϣҶٺװںɫħ׵УħŰȴûжҶٺγκ˺
𡭡
ҶٺѪⱬŨѪ·𼴽Һһ㣬һȭȭ֮ϣȴǷ·ڿһ㣬û˿Ӧ
ȻȴҶٺ˫
ǿռ֮ÿռɵЧ
ڸ߽ߵǿ֮Ͷ仯عΪã
ҶٺѪâ磬һħһ㣬ؼ䣡
𡭡
ͬ¡Ҷٺ·߻ħһ˫ֲס裬Ѫɫâ硣
ʱֻо綼·Ѫɫһ㣬ɱ¾һз·У·ܹһ֮
оǺεȵϤ
ҶٺЦޱ⣬Ѫɫâͬ棬ͻƤȼͬԵľǿħ
Ѫڶ㣬Ѫ
ŸͻƵʳڵʱҶٺƾǿԣѪͻƵڶѪ磡
Ѫ磬ǰ񳿣Ҳ֮ʱŴﵽģ
ȻҶٺȴڱѪ磬⽫ǺεǿЧ
ѪѪѾܹطΪðڵĸ߽߿õعǲͬһεİ
ͻĲ࣬ȫͬһε
ˡ
ҶٺħһһɭѪâȻĪ֮ǰը˲佫ĪѪˣ
ðԵ
ĪкѪֱѪâ֮ĪҲû˿ô
ǺǺǡ
ĪⱶЦⲽѪâͬħҶٺȥһߴЦ
㲻սڣȴҲֻܰ̾硣ȻΪֻʵô
ҶٺԺжȻһǿҵΣУҪˣȻһǿħѾն˲ҪɱҶٺǰ
С
ҶٺΣ壬Ѫâųħȥ
䡱һǺɱһ
ȻڴʱϰٵǿħƥѹʵʣʯӲͬһȥ룡
Ҷٺսε񣬷оʩչͬŭһ㣬Ҫܹǿ籩Ĺ
ȻĪ似ȴޱȣӲϰħԽӲǴҶٺϡ

ҶٺŭѪâ죬ѪâĪըȴǱĪϰħȴ
ҶٺպޱȣȻĪû˼ʵȴҶٺŭ֮ͻƽĹؼʱ̴
ɱɱɱɱˣ
Ҷٺ˫һӣ˺ò֪һȦɢ綾˲佫ĪʮһֱҶٺȴû˿Ч߻һ̲̲ŧˮ
ˡ
ֲħͬһħҶٺܣԵޱȵ䣬ҪҶٺɷ
ơ
Ҷٺ춯أ϶Ȼһɳɫкڶɫħƣ·ħͨħӲǽĪ似ޣ
أ
ͬһʱ䣬ʮϰѪɫâǿӲǽĪܧûƽϢʱֻʣһѪĪ꣡
㡭ˣôܣ
ĪһŵĿҶٺ·𿴹һ㣬漴㱻ҶٺһѪâû˲䱻ըǧ⡣
Ҷٺͷٴνڣ
Ÿͻ˽շӡҶٺȻôһʱ֮ڽͻͻƵڣԼǿᾧҽѪľѪ磡
´ʱ˿ҶٺʵѾܹư֮˰ɣ
ȥɷڿɣ֪ħĦһ֮ʲôӦأ
Ҷٺ૵˫̤ͬһյǰУ
ҪٴλԼ׷ͬʱĶԹ˽ᣡ


269 Ӫȷ
ǲҪҵĿ𣿣ȥɱ˰
ҶٺûɳƬԭʼɽֶã۵Ѿһ߽һ߳۶ɱ磡
ֻ˸ӡѸγɣҶٺֱĶȥ
ҶٺȻ壬磬âֱꡣ
￴ǰ˵ΪڵߡǹȥҶٺҲ˿ηǣοڣɾʵ
Ᵽ𣡡
Ҷٺߣ˸ɲѪâһӼ֮ϰ׳ӡըƬ
һ룬ҶٺѾͬһһߵԣħƳצֱٵʣ·һҪ촦һ㡣
֮Դ¼ֱͬһҶٺڵ߼ֱҪ
Ҷٺ㲻úʦĻ쵰ɱӣҲҪϿ㱻½׷ɱ㱻˺ѳƬ
ǱҶٺᵽ֮е߱ҶٺץĿȴڲס´С
Ҷٺε񣬾һܵһһǲΡΡ˫ȣǼȽŲŻֵķӦ
Ҷٺ¶һ˿аЦкâһǱץеѾ˲ѿɣвٽµΨһһϣ
ʲô֪İ
µ߿־ûһبţԵöޱȡ
ʱ˿ɱĶˣ˵ҶٺѾ֪ʲôȻʧʱһˡ
ʧһֵʱ򣬾ȻΪʤ
Ұʲôء
ҶٺЦޱȡᡱߵȴֱǶħ΢Ц
ֻҶٺһֻߵ֮ϣѪ⸡·Ҫըޡ
СģСĽ֣ϴϴŹСİɡ
Ϊ֣С߲˵᲻ǰħͷ
һܹƾһ֮ƹȵĹ״ˣܹһ֮սڵĶԱըڵĳ˰
ҶٺЦħ硣
ϻϲħҶٺҪƻһΪԼ²ٵ߼ֱǾ֮͡
Ҷٺħ֮£Ϊ֣СѾ룬ǲҲɲ١
ΪʲôҪɱҡ
Ҷٺħ̻УȻ
ɱһ½߽Ҫڻһ񼶾ʯ
֣·߽һ㣬ȴҶٺһ
ɱô
ҶٺЦ˵кͬ񽣡
ûУ֮ҶٺڵȻҪĺֵܾƻ֮࣬ޱߴݲелҷ𡣡
֣ޱȻһѾһ飬ȻͫȻ־
ΪҶٺѾˣ˫۳Ѫһǿҵҳܣ·һӴɽͬһͷҪޣ
ǿҶٺĺֵܰǾȻҴĺֵܵ⣡
ҶٺŸϢѾˣ
˵Ҷٺеε˭һҶٺСĺֵܷˣ
Ҳ·һļһŻͬʿһ㱣ʱȻͬһҶٺŻһҶٺϲǧٵŻںǰӶҶٺ
ôһֵܣҶٺʲôأ
ֻҶٺԼҲծ
ȻʱȴҪĥֵܣӾȻΪٴΣ֣Ҷٺôܲ񰡣
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ҶٺͽУ϶Ȼһǿѹ׺ɫֱ÷Ʊã¡ڶ
֣ͫŵϴ󣬺޲תܡ
ǰɢľǿѹԲڵܹܵסģʱ··ɽѹһ㣬ֱҪһ㣡
ӣ㵨˺ҵֵܣҼȻһţҾ͸ҽ𡭡
ħԶ²õĽҶٺҪĺ׳Ҫ½֮з񴫲ˡ
߰ɣҪϢұ㲻ɱˡ
ҶٺĬĬĬ̤˼Ѿʧⷽˡ
ҪȥڣҪȥӾȳֱǷ·ħһ㼸޿սʤĶҲϧ
ѾȥһˣǷıĥһ꣬Ҷٺôֱܹôܹһ
֣·ξһ㣬ɱ˳ԵħͷȻŹ
ǵط·һİѹ֮ʱѾΪԼ군ˣϻǿ԰Ȼ뿪
תۼ䣬о˸֣ѾʧƬ֮䡣
ͬһʱ䣬Ҷٺʩչоͬؼһһ㣬ڶ̶һʱ֮ڱѾռҩ
Ҫ㹻ʱԸڣ
ڷŭ£Ҷٺ·𳹵׻ħһ㣬ҪȳӣҪڵĹǸӦеĴۣ

ҶٺѾһˣڣ
һڵ߿ĬĬ߷ҶٺȻԼ۾е
ڽüȮħͷѾʧһ
µһɵͱ׷ɱһҲ޹Ȼֱ
ҶٺԲʱ˿̵ֻһ֮˳ɱ⣡
һ룬ҶٺѾٴ̤ǧףֻһµͭԼµŧѪ
㻹
ڴʱһŭԶȴһ۵ߣԻͬ۵ߣøָǰҶٺ
ŶҶٺȵһֱҶٺΪе½Է
ģôҵʦһȥɡ
Ҷٺ˫ĿѪ죬䳹ǵ·ܹƬضᣬħֱɱġ


270 ĩ
ҶٺǺҺĴʱڵΪҲʵˡϾǻ֮ˣҪ˺֮ˣʹͷҵʬ̤ȥɡ
ڴʱҲҡͷ̾Ϣ
µУҲһֱҶٺ۰мӵ˵ģʱҪ˺ʦŵĵӣֹֻܳ

Ҷٺ̾Ϣħؼ䣬ޱȣܹĻ꣡
ҶٺѾϲ似ϰó뻯
ֻҶٺֻ֮УгһͻȻߵ
ȻˣͱҲˣǶŰɣڻ𡭡
ֻѪⶸȻǰըѪޱȵĿֱֲ˺Ļ
ءһȫȻ֮⣬ֱ֮ϵȥ
ۡ㾹ȻѪزġ
½ԷڷƮ裬Ѫ磬ȴȻз˦ͬӰԪ˲γɣҶٺȥ
ԪƣҶٺ£
ȻҶٺȴҡͷħһӣһͬ˶ޱڱյĻԪγɣ½ԷĻԪƺݺץȥ
䡭
ը죬½Է԰ĻԪƾǱҶٺͬҶһҵըѿ
㲻ҵĶ֣ǡ
Ҷٺ飬·ħ½ԷĶмֱͬһУ
Ҷٺųĺӣ
һ֮ӣʣ
ɷˣеޱȿ⣻
֮ʦţ½Էǻ÷·ҪΪһ㣡
ȻʱȻĮޱȵһӣܵˣ
ۡ
½ԷֱһںѪʹ˻ڵأҪӴһ겻ˡ

ڵһһľҶٺ˵ֱ͸ģֱԳƵƾо߱ĳ̶ȡ
ҶٺΪأһ̤ϰףֱ챦ķȥ
Ҷٺ㻹µذɣԭӯĵطǱħͷٳˣɱ
ϰۡ۵ŵӴȵ˲ʴϰ似ǵضҶٺȥ
Ҫ־͹Щ캦ɣ
ҶٺħһӣԪħն˲佫ʮĳ⽴ҽҰ
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ͬһʱ䣬ԴԴŵӿٿ񱼶Ҷٺɱ
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ֻҶٺͬһ㣬ڰǧǿ֮ȴǲմϰۼ
ҲֻǽڻҰħ꣡
Ҷٺ˫޾ħһ磬ؼ䣬һ˿˿У
ǺǺǡԭҲǿˣȥɣ
һڵŵӿЦϰףҪҶٺϣ
Ȼһ룬ϰٴޱ߿ֲҶٺһֻħ֮ϻҷ𣬶ǿڌԵѾŰ۴յµ䣬޶ϰǰˣ
ݡ
ǽϵĺХǷŻúõվҶٺǰ۵ӵϰߣͬһľͷһ㾶ֱ䣬Ѿû˿ءһˤ䵽֮ϣҳһ࣡
ɱˣҶٺȻѴ֮㽫ϰ߽
ŸսϰɱҶٺû˿ӦֶУдԽǰС
Ī˵ߣǧߣڴʱѾڵҶٺǰҲֽϻһ㣬Ҷٺһڣ
Ҷٺô簡һħϰŵӣǰִûнɱҪе
ڴʱһδ󺺼Ԧɫƶ˫ָһɳ״һϿŭ䣬һϿ̱׵磬˿˿˸
̷ִ֮һ
ѾҶٺĵμˣһҶٺΪڵӣڶҲǿ˵ҴΣҶٺѵᱻô
Ȼᣡ
ʱѾڵҶٺѾͬն
ֻҶٺѪâ£˲¶ͬһѪһ㳯ȥ
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ȻȴΣ壬֮䣬˲ǧ似ӡ׽Ҳѹ𶯲·Ҫظʱ飡
Ԫɷơ
˻һޱȣ·ǧħһЦ
ѾʧһҶٺ޷ȷ֪ǰͽʵһʧˣ㸴ԭ˻ǿʲô̶ȣ֮ĻԪɷԽըɽ̿
䡭
һ촫ֻԭڸյɷֽͬһ㱻Ѫɫһж
ҶٺѪѪ֮εǿֱ˵Ǿǿһ֮±㽫ףÿѪĭ
㡭Ѿˣ
ǲŵĿ⣬ͬΪڵߣ˭ܹڵ似Ʋһƿķõɶ
ȻǰΪҶٺŶ갡ȻѾˣ
ֲǣǱ˵еĶħħӡסİ
ҶٺȻĮޱȣ·ʱǰĲһһ㣡
ֻҶٺĬȻһ̤֮ϣѾߡ
һĨڹѾãͬľͷһȥҳһ̲࣬ӵҲû˿ã
ɻ֮޾ʹɣܿڵħ˶ˡ
Ҷٺ૵ħ˸·ĩһ㡣


271 Ȼ֮
ӣҵֵܣˡ
ҶٺȻɻ꽫ǽɻ굱Уѹ˲·һ㰡
ǵ˼ֱѾ˰㻹кã
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ڴʱԶĺɫ۱ܹ²ǵݣ̷õˣ
ûм棬̷õĵӱѾǧɫ⣬Ҷٺɱ
ħͷȻ˲佫ǵִ´ɱôܹƽϢͷŭ⣡
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ڴʱһߵ
ֻһ׵ɫ˲γɣһ˫˸⣬ϢʵʣնȼŤ
ڴʱֻһͬ۵Ŀӽ̤ն֮ʮ̷õӣǻĶҶٺ
ӢΪ˵ֵҶٺڵ̷Ѿ̾ˣ
Ϊƾ˶ܹԸ𣿣ˣҾͲǰˣ
ҶٺЦ˫ټ䣬ѪâܣǾһа׸ߵѪɫУһɿֲޱȵܵκѣ
𡭡
ȻյеɫһҪҶٺ׻
ٻյִ£ȻײҶٺˣȻǿ¾ԶԸǰֲޱȵħͷˣ
̫ˣʱĪ˵ǣҶٺҲа飡
ҶٺһֻѾ÷·Ѫһħ죬ܳӯѪصĺâ˲ףֱӽʮ̷֮У
ȥɣӽҾͽɱѪ
Ҷٺŭǧͬһ㴫ؼ䡣
´ʱ˿Ҳû˲֪һɥĲҪɱΪµһɵڣ˻ǱǧķҶٺ
ҶٺƬѪɫռ䵱У˫ӡͬһһ㣡
Ѫɫ죬ֲһ޾һƬƬ֮أ
ҶٺѪѪ֮ٻѪУһĴڣκ֮
ѪôܽѪ磡
Ƿٻֲ߾Ļﻹδ˵꣬ԭҶٺ˻ȥɫѾ췭ӿѪ֮бѳǧмûз˻
ͬһʱ䣬ԭվ֮УһȦȦѪɫƻصϰ޾۶ɵħצ
ǽʵУûз㲨
Щ̷õӢѾǱ̷ȥһһǵĿܣֱ˵սȴǵֲס·һѪ֮
ˡ
Ұ˻Ұ
ԭڸ̷ֵõӾҶٺٻѪ޾ӵУ
ʱǧ޼᲻ݵӰУʱҪԹĪħצʱҪѽͻȻֵѪɫ
ѪɫյҲֻڲõͨҶٺԸڵϹ֣νң˭ֵܹĹ
ʮӹȥʮ̷þӢѾѪʧһɶҶٺһڵߴûɢҲû·ֺ
ɡ
Ҷٺŭ𣬾ҪѪµУ
Ȼڴʱֻءһ죬Ҷٺ׽̷õһɵɱѪѾмһΪ˲䱬ѿ
Ҷٺɫˣǰ֮ˣֻһж㳯籩͹
Ƕƣǿɱ֮һ
ֻڵΪʵȴǿȰھ֣׽ɷڵĵһħħͫɱĺˣ
Ҷٺʵһսˡ
ƵѪɫǹһɱޱȵԼɢ˲
ѾҶٺһ˳ǹյǿߣҲֻеҶٺ׶ΣᵽħħͫԵƺεȿֲ
ƻƮ·Ѿյһ㣬һͬҰһϢ÷Ʊɫɱ磬ǧߵ꽽ɵİԵɱ꣡
ߣ㻹ǱҴñˣѵջκεҲɣ
ҶٺȣĶצѾС
ѪתҶٺ˲仯һѪɫӰǶƵ֮ȥצһһʮ׳ѪɫѺ۶Ȼ֣Ҫƻ飡
ৣ
Ѫ۽յеġơ飬ȴͬ޵һ㣬ĶѾʧյУٶ֮죬ȻҶٺҲ޷Ϥ
ٶ̫ˣȻв壬ҲҪ飡
ڴʱһȻҶٺıҶٺͷƤһѪɫӡѾ͸նҪӡҶٺϣ
ء
һɾҶٺѾʮ֮⡣
ⶾƵĹǿϬ֮ҶٺĲǰҲܵСʹˣ
ҶٺеⶾƵĹȻܹԽʱգ޿ɶܣ
ǿˣѹֵħͫҲֻӲĽɱˡ
ݵòɣ
ҶٺȣѪâ죬÷ƱɫжצϬޱȣҲü飬ǧѪݺؼ䣬ҪƳ˺Ƭ
ǶҶٺĿ͹֮ȴƵᣬѪɫǹɱ£·һ㣬Ҷٺȴûб˵ֺ
δȻ֮ȻƾڵΪԼѧ¾ҲҪ޵
ޱϧҡͷһֻ覷·ʯɵһһѪɫâƾճҶٺ֮ǰֲ֮ҶٺƤҲԷ飡
Ҷٺͫͻһ֣ǿһȻƾճǰһҲûУѵǰĶ˵Ȼ֮ô


272 ս
Ҷٺգצμ䣬·ͷ춾ʣһһŹâѪİԵǶƵһȥ
ͬһʱ䣬ҶٺҲǶһ統У
ꡭ
·ѩڵҶٺѪâǶƴѪɫâǰ·𶹸һ㱻˲ǰĦµһʵĴҶٺ֮ϣǧХҪҶٺɱ
ֻáءһ죬ҶٺѾ֮⣬ƾǿƾĲ壬ȻǱƵһдѪӿ
ȻҶٺȴ𽥸ֳһ˿аȵЦݡ
ѪֻŸսѪɱ޵սڡϰĴڿսģóҵĳǹ
˵ǷĻȴвϻơ
ﻹ֪һǰҶٺ֮Ժ˸൱Ϊʱ̳ħħͫޱħټϵʱ˳޼Ŀֲӵеǿս
ʱȻڣȴûԼɱеҶٺʵǰҲˣ
𣿣ϣ㲻ΪԼ˵Ĵ󻰷ڡ
ȻڴʱҶٺȴȻһЦݵŶƣٴν̤ԾƵǰҲһ˿Ц⡣
ҶٺȻǰȻǿٵĵ֮ʱȻû˿־壡
أ
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Ҷٺͷ֮ͬһɱȴû˿·ǲһ㣡
Ҷٺ׺ĹѾƾǿ׵ԣǶԴԽʱյĹ͸ȺٶοĲΣ
ȺٶοǧΰһԻȺ
ড
Ҷٺ쳤һѾʧƬ֮䣬Ǿκ˰ɱӿ
ͬһʱ䣬ףִһƬϹҫĹĻ˲ǰ
˵ʱʱ죬ʮ׳ĻƾճǹĻ֮ϣϹ˸ǡýֵס
ߣһֵѪɫǹһͬǰյץȥҲ࣡Ĵ
աագǧ
ڴʱһͻȻؼ𣬻ûȶƵħץ졢ơȻʱ䣬շ·ˮһɫȼǧ֮ھһƬ֮
һǰҶٺ̣һڵأٴֶ򣬿½ֻܳΪһƬûķˣ
ǧɫڶϣҪȼޣ
صľ񹦣ڵ˵ֱͬجһĴڡ
ΪصĳտҲܹȼյİ
ȻڶʵѾԶڵķı̬ǿ˵Ҳʲôǿ󹥻
㣬һǰܹƥеģʸҳǹˣ
ħɷһɿֲѹڴʱ˶ʵ
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ңա
ŭѪɫǹ绯һѪɫ磬Ǹ֮ƵĳմȥǧХɱ죡
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Ȼ㽫̫򱬣Ҳֹ㱻ɱĽ֣
ڴʱҶٺѪޱȵȻڶҶٺŶԳǹյ˲ڶƵߣ
ɫ䣬˫ִǧѪӡҪߵҶٺɱ
ʱҶٺΣյĸо
ء
ǧپҶٺ˫Ŀ죬ݺᣬý񱪣ӥ绢ɫ⣬شڶϣ
Ⱥٶο裡
Ҷٺͬϵߣʱǿͬ񻢣ʱˮž޲ͶʱշõޱȣҲü飡
гǹɱ£ǽռѹü飬ǧս᳤磬ȴǱҶٺеĶצмܣ
ߣ벻˵Ҳˣǲ˲ħˣҶƽձΪħɱ
ȣѪɫǹǧӰУݣ׹һǰ֮ƳҶٺȥýʩչҶٺҲôˣ
ȥɣָ
Ҷٺȣжצ˺ѳգءһǹסͬһʱ䣬ָˮͰֵĺɫһţʵʵĴڶ֮ϡ
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273 
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276 ֪ô
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ȻڴʱҶٺһתԵһþ֮ϣ£¾Ƕ굱еĶƻ߶ҲδܹҶٺĴڡ
Ҷٺڵķɳ۶Ϊʦ֮ǿȴǲ֪Ǻɵĵӡ
ʦ֣ڷǧﴫҵʦҪǾǵͽҶٺǿͷµһħͷ
ǿȥΪ߶ԼԦɽһưĴʦ˵
ߣһСӰˣ˿Ȼв
ʦм˵Ȼʦܿ˵ҶٺΪмȻ漴¶ɫ·뵽ʲôջ顣
˵ǸҶٺ˵ӵвٱ
ָǸ𣿡
ʦܾһŵʦ֣ȻԴҲǼȤ
ԭҶٺӵдѾ½֮ϴ̡
ʱʧٴӵҷڼɷڣħ޹ڲҽһʧ꣬ȻӵӴ۵أ
ȻˣǸҶٺСֳˣҲ˲ٺöлĻҪϵı޻أ
ǴʦޱȣȥͬһͷĶһ㣬ֲޱȡ
ڰҶٺɫ𺣬Ȼϲܱ֮൱
ֱӽڵ½ߵĶ氡
֮ǰҶٺֻһɵвǿ֧ŵסҪ֪Եõɵ֧Ԯ
ȻӵϢ֮ɾʹҪ֮ͽɧŰ
Ҷٺһƶıֿ⣬û˿ɽܹԸǿߵ׷ɱ
ĳһҶٺ֮Σ֮ʱ㱻һЩĻǵĿͽɱˡ
̾꣬Ҷٺûꡭ
Ҷٺҧгݵ˵ܹ֪ӵо˻˭Ҳֻ֮Ů̾ˣ
ҲֻͶĿùҶٺɽͼȻѾ޶֤ˡ
ͬһʱ䣬ҶٺѾǴ֮󻺻߳ϢȻȻ·һ˿ͨ꣬ſޱȡ
ʲô֣ȻߴҲ£
ǴʦͻȻǰԼķҶٺŭ߳ȵŭɫſͬ߸ϵ·
Ҷٺϰ۸Ʈ˫ֱЦɣǰԦɽû˿Ӧ
ڴʱǰû˿ĽΪʦ¶ɻĶԵʦ૵
ʦ֣⣬˿ȥƺƺǸħͷ
ƨСôôһƽò˵ķ̥һƱͷ­ѣ
Ǵʦȴŭȵ쿪ҪǿҪҶٺҳ⽴
½ֻʣַô
Ҷٺ߳ȵҪǿޱȵ似ҪǰСߴûҷ
ԪħڱգڵҶٺд׺ޱȣħħҲ𵴲ѣƲĳȥ

߾У⿴ƽޱ緲˵İ˾Ȼһߣܹһ飡
ʱ䣬߽ʧУ·һֱѣ
ӲģҪĳںη
Ҷٺ˵΢ЦȻãȻȴħ֮Цݣ
ǷŶҶٺ´еıʦֵһѾɫˡ
֪ǰû˿ߵǿϢĿȥƽޱȵ˱׷ɱħͷҶٺ
ΪǣǰŴγ˵ҪȡҶٺ
ߴߴ
ǴʦﻹڿУæ䵽֮ϣ˲ڵϼĵһſɥҶٺҡͷ
ҶٺǰСߵҪȻĺֵܷӵ䡣
Ҫҵӵ䣬Ψһķҵĳϸѯʣܹ÷ӵõϢǰѰ
ǣǾǵǰ֮ǼΪ½вĴ֮һȾִչͼĺõط
Ǵʦּæ˵ޱȵ˵Ψǰһʦֵ˲ҷ
ǣɡҶٺ૵תۼʧӰ٣ֻʣʦߡ
ʦ֣ǿ²ҶٺӦȥĵطвٴ֪ܰǿֻǻ
ٵߵսľ˵ȴʦֵһ
ʲôʱѾߵĺˣѵ׷ɱǣʱ㲻ˡ
Ǵʦ˵תʦܼ·ϼưޱȵɫȻһȴǱһ̲ŧѪͬŧѪĻʦܡ
ҶٺåһߴֵƶɵĻɢɲǸǵġ


278 ħħ
ѾڵҶٺٶȺεѸ٣ŲգۼĹѾյ̤ףûжñܹù߿˵ˡ
ȻҶٺһͻȻһƬïԭʼɭ֮ͣ£кɫħԪħƺХ·ֺݺ£
ͬһʱ䣬Ҷٺһ··𿴼ʲôΣյĶһ㡣
ߣĸСӵǰ谭ҵĺ£
ڴʱħƣħ˷ĲҲһ
һħӰ˲յУҶٺңңԣޱȵĹצ֮ϸץһҷڵߡ
Ҷٺǰͷĺɫħ׵ħͷԼץеߣû˿ɢݣȥĪޱȡ
ǰħҲڵΪˣҶٺͬһ׼֮ϣȻҶٺȴû̫ϣĪ˵ڣʺڵľҲδ¹
СҪҵĺǺǺǡССѾڵΪˣ
ǸħͷҲǸѾ౻ץûըߣޱȵЦޱȡ
϶Ͻе˷£ɱ޹ЩħͷĶУ
Ҷٺȣһɾǿħؼصħͷϵѹȥ
ħͷɫһ䣬뵽ǰͻȻðëͷСӾȻۻһְСӵǧ֮⣬һ־
һ룬а׳ĻħצݺݳҶٺץ
ǺǺǡҷҲǲУǡʶˣɾҽħħɷɣ
ħпһЦħצҶٺȥ
ҶٺᱻΪħħ޵óѣָյһԭڰʯռ䵱ʱչ˲ã׵ĽħצյУ
ơ
ǽħޱȵĿ⵱УҶٺжȻһųĿâţһɫѪâڽħħצ֮ըʱըѪģ
㣬Ҷٺ
ħŵɻɫ粻ħƣתۼ㽫ֱϵ
Ե˫Ѫ½к˲ʶ
ܹʩչѪڵϳǸΪħҶٺ˭
ҶٺЦĻᣬ˫ְɫǧâ˸Ĺ·ܹԽʱգӲĴڽħϣͬΪڵĽħζҲ޷ѡ
أ
ȭâϬޱȵĻħǿըһѪ
ȺٶοĦ£֮һ壬ħôˣ
ͬΪڣҶٺȴӲƾѧԼ壬ǽħѹ·磡
䣡
ʱһԭ͵ĿֲħٱǧͬһѸݵҶٺƮȻȥƮƮ˼̻һȭڽħϣ֮⡣
𡭡
ħŭѾ½ݺܹǰСһƣֻӡǧħХųҶٺȥ
ҶٺŲƯ·յһ㣬Ƕعһ˿ǶԵãһһʽ·ȭƼɱ磬һУ˲佫ħǧħһգ
ۡ
ħ͵һںѪʱ˵ûаΣϵǧٿףҶٺ˲Ԫ
ȻϲħȴĿ˸¶һ˿ѪЦݣ·ʲôһЦϡ
ǾҰ˶еô
Ҷٺȣжצޱȣˣ˲ӡ
ֻҶٺյиֶǰϲħͬһͷޣ
ҶٺȻܹܵõħѾýӽ;ƿݣֻҪҶٺһɥȪ
ȻҶٺɾ֮ʱһǿҵΣϼӣ
ˡ
ķסƣХɽʯһޱȵħϢڶаޱȣ·ǧѪĿֲħһ㣡
ǺǺǡҶٺȻұƵزҲǺˣɷ磬Ҫǰ·ˣ
ħХֻѾޱȵжʱóޱȣ·ħһɿǰ׺ϢӶ
䡭
죬ը쳾ǽħɢ׺Ϣµ䣡
˵֮ǰĽħһͨͨߣĽħѾƾڵΪӲӵ൱ҶٺĶƵʵˣһڼ
ড
أȻ䣬һؼ
ʱ䣬Ʊɫ·Ϊеޱȿ־塣
ѾӵԼʯҶٺȻеëȻ
ʲôȻŨ񣡡
ҶٺޱȵǰȻֵѪɫС˶ѪȭͷСһֱվǸϲħ֮ϣϱЦЦѪȴҶٺһֲĸо
Ѫһرɫƥؼ䣬·Ҫͨͨĥ
ȻͻȻðĹ캢ͯ˲ٹգǽħȴû˿壬һŲȴǸΪй󣬷·ʱ˺üһ㣬ȻѪͯ˵ǱһĴڡ
ħȥˣϰ
ħڵЦһ˫Թޱȵ۾綾ߣҶٺ޲ȥ
ȻҶٺûˣΪһ룬Ҷٺ׻һԶִһʱ򣬺Ƭռʱ仺ϼ֡
˻
һĲƵֻҶٺǰյжȻһָצۣҶٺϣ顱ľ졣
ͬһʱ䣬һֻȭͷСѪӰޱ߾·ڵһ㡰ءһҶٺ֮ϣҶٺԶȻѪָ֮ʮ߳ĺɫצҶٺë
Ǳǰħﻮһ£ܹͨܵסҲӵоıֵ̬ܹס׺


279 
ҶٺȣȺٶο񻢣أȴȻǰֻȭͷѪͯû˿ãҶٺʱҲС
ѪͯȻܹҶٺʱ򣬶Ҷý죬յмƶҶٺصȺٶοҲκΡ
ǺǺǡȻҵħδɷȴѾӵܣԼٽ㳹ɱ
ħЦѪɫɷ磬ȥ·Եħͷһ㣬ɷħѾӵ޷ħˣħ󣡡
𡭡
ʱ䣬ǺҰѾʼָԭ״Ҳ˲ҳĩս٣
ֻֻȭͷСħӰλһѹޱȵħأ
Хħɻ꣬һģһħӰƯڴУʱҶٺһ
ҶٺյУȻƽޱȣ·һв̡
ֻҶٺ߿ǳƣǧħ̫꣬ѾҶٺϸ֮ϣϼ䡣
ȻܵΣȴ޷κħ󣬸οڲϼǿУ
ҶٺϺ׺ɫ໥ƣͬͨع򣬽ӿ߿ȭͷǳ˸ɫ⣬Ҷٺƶ⡣
ħɻаޱȣ䲻вҶٺȴǴҶٺΪĸо·󷨵̺ʲôΣյĶ
֨ѽ
˺ѷһĹֽħӰдҶٺޱȵҲһ
ֻħѾ꺢ͯһСڷħͫɫЦЦĻϵצҶٺȥٶȸ˲ƣ
Ҷٺ˫ԲѾΧҪɵħȻ塣
дٰʱٳڷɺХʱǳʱħƴƣԭޱȵҲҶٺһ·𼴽顣
ȻħȴǷ·һ㣬Ҷٺǧ飬Ȼǿ֮һ˶ϣҪҶٺɡ
ҶٺܾɥǰɣڼӢţȻԼҲôڵãܹʤҵɷħ𣬱Ҷٺ֮ʱ
ħѪɫУХŸ·Ҷٺ

Ҷٺ૵üͷ΢ٴβһħȭػϻһǳǳ˺ۡ
ħѾԽԽǿˣľҲҪۣ
Ȼħ˸ˣҶٺȴû˿ӦѾȫ˶ԽħһѰ˼У
ǰȻѾڵĸ߽ߣȴʵʹҲδ˽⣡
ǿʦߵĽȻܹ֮ͬ΢ع򣬻ϼ˳ԼѪɵˣ
ˣֱӽսһ֮డ
˻һΪҪãǱܹЯߵԪ񣬶
Ǻεı°
˵ϵܹ֤˲𣬶ܹ˻֮ǰҵߣܹʵֳ֮ΰ
ϣⲻ߱׷Ըô
߱׷ΪʲôϣΪܹ֮ӵһô
⼸ħ䣿
ҶٺȻɫȥ·ǱħⱾŵòᡣ
ʵϣҶٺѾڰ⼸ħص㣬ҪƾԼǿԣһٽԼǿ
ɷħֺСܹ֪ģԶŰɣҽܣħʳͿԳΪɷħһ֣Զ𣡡
ħſޱȣ˫һҪħҶٺɱ
䡭
Ѫ죬һа׳ڿγɣѪˣҪеҶٺû
ħɻУǧҫâҶٺսձһ㡣
ħѾſѪ죬׳ԽҶٺ£
ơ
Ҷٺ˫趯ӶɽӲǽħءһҳԶѪɡ
ͬʱҶٺνԼѧ似ˣȭֻءӰȵȰٰ似ѾͬѪɫһķû˿ã
Ҷٺļ٣ﲻ֪ԼѾУ
ΪħħͷȻûҶٺǰʵȴаޱȣƾҶٺеӼɵƣɷħѾܹĶѹ£ԺͶۿˣ
ԹаȫͬħǰȡʤаĿľҪڼȿ־嵱ȻˣҲҪǵصĶ˵
ҪƳаΨһİ취ֻС

Ҷٺһ˿ϵĹâɫʱò԰ޱȣȻԼڴ˵ΣյĻ֮ٻ
Ҷٺһٻˣһľ
˱ޱȵĴڣ±ͬ׵һƱĳɷ飬ȻҶٺȴվٻ
˿ߵĸڰ˱𣬿ҶٺӴ˱ҪһˣҶٺ
ʱ䣬ֹˣ̡
ҶٺȣԼԲԲӣӲ֮ڵĿռ֮ڵʱֹͣ
ƾҶٺʱڵΪԼľҪʱ䷨ҲֻڼСķΧ֮ڲܹɹ
ʱ䲻գۼĹ򣬶ʱҶٺȴҪԲ֮ڵʱֹͨͨεӴľ
Ƭյʱ侲ֹ˲䣬ҶٺɫѾˢһò԰ޱȣԭӿħԼħͣڰյС
ͬʱҶٺٳԲѾһ׹⣬˲һħԣĽ仯һźˮһҶٺڣ


280 ħ
ݡ
ŸһħС˺òͣЪ·Ӱ˲佫µħգ
ŸսħյС˿ʼͱ仯ϳаޱȵѪɫħƣȥ֣
ʱָ
ȻԵޱȣХħԭſĿЦеɷЦ·ѾܹԼɾɷħ֮ʱʥʱ̡
ȻڴʱħͷħͻȻɫһ䣬ȻǰһڻޱȵĺѪȳޱȣͫԭҲ١
㡭Щʲôħޱȣ߾ȫ˵
ʱȫ֪ʲô£ܹ֪ľǣԼѾʧȥ˶ħĿƣҲħڵľѾ
ħеʵУҶٺȴ˿ΪȻһ˿ƵóѵЦ⣬ϸϸԼʷޱʱ䣡
ȥˣһὫɷħµġ
Ҷٺ΢Цֳħһڹ⣬ɷϰõĿʩչҪħԪصܵõ
ܹ֪̽Է굱صܵȻֻжԼʵ֮µ˲ŻЧȻܹʱĽħһļԪΪ൱֮ʹˡ
ааޱȣȻ˴
ҶٺҡͷɷħֱδţȻҪߵڼʹ൱м尾ʮ죬֮ԼɣһҪϰٸ꣬ɳɾɷħ
ҶٺΪ˳ɾɷħ캦£ĳһʵĴħͷˡ
ȻҶٺɱ޹ҶٺȴȻԼ˱ǿޱȵϲõС
Ҳڴ˿ŸܵԭҲǿսԽԼսѸ˴ķȣ
һֱΪ˲Ǵޱȵļء
ӾԼܹħ͵ϮˣɷħһɶõС
Ҷٺ૵ʱѾվһʯ͵İ׸ǽ֮¡
ҶٺĿĵأǣ
Ÿճ԰ʯɵľ֮ǰʱҶٺͻȻһޱȵĶǹĻƬǽ
һŻͬһųŵǰڳǽ֮ϣʮţŶҪΧסˣдҶٺ״ԼŹ¡
ʧΪˡ
ʦ߱棬޷졣
а
챦ʵΪء
ҶٺЦЩ²ڵΪǳ֮Ů֣֮̾Ҳֻ֪̾챦صܡ
ȻѾˣµǿ˶ΪҶٺϵı׷ɱҶٺ
̾꣬һһڣһ˵ġ
Ҷٺо˸ʱû㹻ڿ⡣
ԭڵµĲֲŸձҶٺƳ
һ½Ӵ½֮Ҳûмܹ֮ˣ
ڹͬһ½ΪֵĲ¶֮ϵĲ֮¾Ǵ۸ӵ
ǲҶٺ𣿾ҶٺǸħͷɱ
ڴʱһ־Ĵ󺰴С
ԭЩѾǽ֮ϵĻ޶õ˽һǰͻȻֵˣѾڻмǧĿֲħ
ȻҲǷ˵ĳȻƻֺĳҲӵ鷢ȻҲвʵǿ̰ˣ
Ҷٺ󣡸ϽıｻǣȻҪɥȪ
һ۵СƳĴȺ˳ü֮ɫſ񣬷·ܹҶٺɱһ㡣
ȻΪͷСһ˵ԭЩĮȻ˵η˽þҶٺ·ǵĳһ㣬˽ùıҶٺ
ҶٺЩʼ¶ǣкЦȻϰ˵Ѿʮ΢ǿϢȻȴû˿η塣
ҶٺЦ˵ÿЦ֪ڵıĪĹᵽЩζɣ
ȥɣ
СҲֻ߾߲Ϊȴ޿ֵĳҶٺɱȥ˿ҶٺС
ҶٺһľȻƲᱬһĿֲѹѾⷽѹ÷ƱãƽܹܵˣѾŵڵزѡ
߸ǱҶٺһѹõʮѪȻѾˣ
ҶֵǺοأɱ˿ߵĴɰ
ڴʱһ̾ȺдһɫۣƮ߻г
Ǻˣ
Ҷٺȵ䣬ȥޱȣͬһû˿һ㡣
־һͨӡ־ֳһϿ磬ȥˡ
ҶٺЦڲһ½ǰʮ֮һҶٺλأ
ҶٺȻﶼƵĿ˰
ء
Ҷٺкâ˸־ϣ˿ûԥ
Ȼħˣôҽ㳬Ѱɣ
־ȣһ䣬дһɫУ뽫ҶٺİԾâգȴǱ״򱬡
ĪЩαɣǺʲô£
Ҷٺħ죬ֱӴԽգǧ䗛Ĵ͵Ĵ־֮ϣҲ
ħͷڵĳ϶Ѫˣ
һȻ½Ϥޱȵ̾Ϣѡ
ߣǱ˴󣿣һСӲмĺȵ
˵Щ߾壬ٷҲ½Ĵӡ
ҶٺӽҪЩƽˡ


281 ڹ
ҵߣɱ
Ҷٺȣ׶ǵе˶ˡ
һ룬ֻڵ־ϱһſֲâűһƬը飬Ҳ˲
ħ죡
ҶٺԣҶٺߣɱ⣡
Ȼһ룬ҶٺѾʧǰ·δֹһ㣬ֻһƬ⡣
ߣôܵˣǲֵɱ֣
Ѿ˰ɣҪ췭ظ˰ɣ
һ߰ˣܹ˶ǡ
ҶٺħͷŸһ뿪ͬľͷһ˽ٴ
֮ǰٴλָһƬ֡
һЩ߸ǼƿڴȻҶٺŵβѡ
ȻҲвΪߵû˿ӦҲ֪һЩʲô
ʱҶٺѾ׸ͷ棬ͨòҲ仯٣Ⱥ˳ǡ
ŵСʿǰҶٺĿֲħһѾҲˡ
Ϊλ½вĳ½۹֮һĻĵ۹һʮƽ֮󣬿νǼΪ١
֣ߵǿ仹˭ƥУ
ǧѪһǧﰡ
֪۹ҵԶ񸮵żֻپʯ֪
ʯ¥·ߵװ֮ˣ֪Сĸ
ҶٺڴУ˿ûб׷ɱľȻԵõĸΧķΧԭѪɵ꿪ʼɡ
ȻҶٺþδͣãһŭȴҶٺеĳţ
Сӣǧ򲻸ãȴҼүˣ
ֻһŭһӰءһˤҶٺĽǰȴһڵˡ
ô£һ߱裿Ҷٺɫһ䣬פͬһʱ䣬׳ĳҪʰߣ۵˵Ҷٺ
ҶٺԭѾ¾Ҫ뿪ˣһϵǱߣһתͷ΢ЦŶǴЦ
Ǻαأ˴˰
ǸȴǺҶٺйһ֮Եħͷħ֪ӵηĵùСߡ
׳ǰëͷСӵǴͰֱ۳ҶٺȥȴͬڴһԺ
赲£ʯΪ𣿣
Ǵɫ࣬ﲻ֪Լһͷ
ȻûҶٺ˵һѽޱȵұߴ磡
ֻһŽµʮкǲݵߌ磬ɫ裬ȻһڻҵеĽӡ
ߣϽƶߣűүˣүĺȵ
ԼүԭΧԵʮҶٺӿȥ
Ҷٺóѣһǧɢɢһѽҩǻɢ
漴ǵϵȥƵᣡ
ȻʮԼүȴˣǿҶٺԸľ綾
ǧɢߣ类䵶⣬类ģֻޱߵľԼʹ൱ĬĬ
ɢȴܹǧɢĶԣȴҪĻŭţ䣬ǫǫӱ¹ޣ

ʮʹҽУмѾʹõڵϷȥĹȴڲ֪ӳ죬˫Ҳóޱȣ
үмĳ棬ֻʮ󺺵ڽԼĻ˺Ƭһޱȵıݡ
Ȼǵп˲ٷ粨һʱ䴫ΪЦ̸
ʮڵڶѾʧӰ٣˵ֻʮķүӰл˲ʱ䡣
ҽֿ־Ҫ𣬾ͳɡ
ҶٺƬؼƣ˵үԼġ
ҶٺȻ˼ֿ־ҡײƭԶߵֿ־ȻٳҲҪûðɰɣ
ֿ־үסˡ
Сүҧгݵ˵ϵĺδʣǻɢǿҹЧɵġ
СС;ͽ׺ԴҩĴݲУүǷĹҪİ
Ϊǵʵ֮һҲ֪ӵкεȿֲ¾ڵߵҲҪĥ
ҶӾȻŪǵļܹŭ
ֻҪСүһݷ֣ǿҪһȷѪˡ
ҿɲһķǼеĿмڵϲˡ
Ҷٺ֪Լͱһ©ӣʱǱµڵһͬһѾƷϵС
Ҷٺһ˫۾ǰСߡ
ʲô֣ô䵽زأȻˡ
Ҷٺ΢ЦȻҲС߸еֵˡ
䣬ôҲһʦڵ߰ô˵Ҳܹʮ󺺽
ܾôһֶСӺɸֵĸ飬Ҷٺٴεһ·ƽӢۺ
ңҽллллҶȡ
Ϊսս˵Ҷٺ˸ȻǾǰһߵ꣬Ȼôһ仰ȴҶٺǳ
Ȼܹ֪ҶٺݣʱҶٺѾʩչİοǰʦΪôܽʵء
Ӵмʱܹ²ʶңҲǺйһ֮ԵġټϷѾ˳⴫ĺȻͱ˷ͻټ㾹ȻֱͻҾ߳ɰն϶Ҷٺ磡
һϵежҶٺ棬ȻĻѡ
СֵܵĻҶĳķѣȻԵҾһЩСܹʵ
ҶٺЦȻҲǸ˲ѣڵ񷨡챦е߾絽ķ似ͨͨڸ


282 С
һ˿㱣ʱɫ䣬͵Ĺڵϴ´УȻܵ˲ٴ̼ųμҶٺȻĹֱȥĶˡ
Ҷ磬һݣֻˣ
ޱȣһ
ҶٺҪСߵСܣ·ƽΪˡ
ȻȻѾҪҶٺ磬ҶٺҲƴˣֻ͵
ðɣպʲôҪҰæģܿڣҶᾡΪŶ
ˣҶٺżģҶٺôҵĵһֵܣҲպһֱֵܣ
Ҷ磬˵ģձΣһǲ˼ô˵Ҳһʦ߰
һȻڵϣҶٺԹ
˵Ҷٺͺˣ֮;ڼ֣ȻӵҲǼΪҪģԿ»֮ϣԷİɣ㶨˸½һյġҶٺЦ
ںһϵн̸УҶٺѾ֪ȷһִˣƺޱȰ
ȻȴƺûҶٺǰõԣȻҲŸ˵ɣҶٺֻ˹ˡ
ǺǺǡٰοˣô᲻֪ԼĽأ
ɪһ̸ԼٴοʼĻ䡣
ˣˣȻֻǴ߾ʦڣѵһĲô
ⲻǷҪΪҶٺô˼ȰŬԼˡ챦֮⣬ҶٺʲôѵҪֱ˵ʺؼôȻҶٺܹ˵ġ
ǸܵҶٺΣҲЦҶ磬սҵˣ㻹㻻ٻһô
һС壬ҶٺҼɵĲЩ
ҶٺߣһɺȻֱ˵Ǻ죬Ӣ
ǰҶٺİвٿ½ǧȻҲƣôôһССļأ
ָЩϱС
һеģŸһڱҶٺԾõ顣
Ҷٺͷɫãкâ˸ǼɵЩϵıص֮ͽҶٺѾĿҡ˰ɡ
ЦͷḧȴҶٺһ˿·ԼԵĲһߣһ߻˵һֻթϺꡣ
ֻĿǳ֣뵣Щ֮ͽǵĸѽȣ㽫֮ͳͳҲᾪķӦ
ɫ糣˵ȴ˵гһ㡣
Ҷٺһ˿ɫרҪİɡ
Ƕû˿˽ҶٺҲܹͨǵʮʵˣ
ҶٺľٶŭЩǿˣº֮ǰڵΣճ̶ûжˡ
ǿҪеʵԸô᲻
ҶٺȻΪ鲻ô׵
Ҷٺŵı飬ȴǵȻһЦϵĿռҵȡһƴӲ飬֣µĵݵҶٺǰҶٺһãȻ
⡭
ҶٺǺڸϸϸ꣬ȴûпʲôͷһȻһͨͨĲֵ
ȻҶٺٴҪԼеǵʱһҶٺ𾪲ѵ飬ȻһѽҶٺж˹·һ㽫ݺϣ
ҶٺеǣʸзǺƬ״ءһڵϣ׵鿪Ƭضǣ¶ǺڸеһƤ
ǣͼ
Ҷٺޱȵ˵ʵɻⲻǺҶٺϵصͼͬһĵͼô
ҶٺֱоԼһ޴ޱȵıУָо
Ҷǲ֪ͼôˣȻҲ˱ˡ
ЦޱţһصģǵϵĵͼʰҶٺǰȥűһޱȹҶٺ˵
֪ħս𣿡
ħսҶٺô᲻֪ǿǴ˵еħս֮ذսϢ֮أ
˵սǧǰϽͼ½ڤ֮˴ս֮أνޱȣҲ֪ŶٱħԶ񹦡
ħսǧǰĵһʥ˵ʮǰѾγɣһ硢ڤ硢֮صطҲ֪̺Ŷ½ܣΪȻȴֻÿǧ½гһͨ½ĿռѺۣ
˵ȻħսϤޱȡ
ֻ˵·˵һԶ񻰡
صͼѰƮͨ½ħսݣǧǰʥͼʮ֣УһɷУģ䲻
ԭͼǼħսĹߣ
ҶٺʱȻʣȻȴٴαһƸǡ
ʲôʥ˵ħսγʮǰ½ʷҲͲǧ갡治һìô
Ȼ벻ͨҶٺ룬˿ɫѾˣҶٺ˯ȥ

283 ֮
ڶա

ҶٺȻңôֻˡ
ʱͻȻһŭһźɫ׵ħһӿޱǰҶٺһɫ޽ħ£սħ
ʱҶٺڽ⡰ѰҶȻܲɵıǰʳڵħڴˡȻֻҶٺ֪ǣⲻҶٺµһȦף
һĵĹ涨ֻҪڳз֮սʤս˫رظֲɱ
ǵоŲޱȵľ֣ҶٺҲûûлΪҲֻ֮⽫Щϱ֮һ򾡡
ãΪ׸ɽͼļƷҲ֪ѪǷгζ
Ҷٺ΢Цһһ߳ĻѾУƣޱȣǽɽͼ
ҶٺȻħ޵潫ͨҲߵȡҪñıﰡ
ȻҲҶٺѾõģҶٺҪģǾܵҡҡЩϵϹҲ½Ĺ涨Ų֣ҶٺֻŰѺжԵɱ
ȻվҶٺǰħԭѾһЦҶٺʱһҶٺеĻֻۼֱǱȼһ㣬ֱɵɵҶٺ˫֣Ͳûаѿˮˡ
ɽͼȻУ
ħЦ˶ܹˣţħޱѾͬһһ㳯ҶٺȥħѸײڶ֮ƳҶٺŴ
ҶٺȻһЦȻڵߣ˵Ҳ߹һĴڡ
ֻҶٺ˫һ̧ʱͣͣɷڵָͬ߳ɲǼħ޵̨֮ϣƬ̼佫һʬ塣
ϷҪˡ
Ҷٺδ£һƿմ˷ǵصȳһӿؼ䡣
ҶٺҪõЧǵеľŶøӻң
ħս֣ҲǣֻҪҽƬˮøңֻҪңҴշǱҶٺĵһݵ㣡
ҶٺǰѾ۵߿ȻЦнɽͼâӿޱȡ
𡭡
ŭХЩԭΪҶٺϱˣҶٺе취ܲмѾҶٺ
˵ǵĵڶмֱͬһأƴҲҪȡ
Ҷٺ˴εľǹðˣοҶٺôܱ֤ЩΪϲǾͲðűַΣǰᱦأ
ã⽭ɽͼʵϵõģãôɣ
ҶٺЦ˫ֻ䣬ǧɢɢƬ˲佫ʮϰ˻һ̲̲ŧˮͬһʱ䣬Ҷٺлʱչɽˮչ֣ǧ׵ĸ߶ȣǺںΪһ
ħֵǣǽħͷ֮ڷɽͼԲɱ޹֮˵У
˵˻УΪһߴǧ似ֱӺǽɽͼУȴûо˿
ɽͼΪǿô׵ıֻԭ񾳵Ļʱ仯ɽӱѣ췭ظӿ
ħ׺ؼ䣬ÿһι㽫Ϊµ߻ɻҡ
֮ʵȻߣҲֲǿһ
Ѫӷʮ˲û
Хٰ似Ҷٺ˵ṇ̀
ŭ֯ǿķ⽭ɽͼǰҲ߹Ĵڣ
ʹ˽ɽͼҶٺ˵ʺڵĸ߽ǰҶٺҲаʮغ֮ڽ䳹
ŲƬ̣ԭڵѾҶٺɱ룬ֻ߱ǽҶٺùҪҶٺϷһܹʰʲôȴԼҲҪȥ
Ȼˣֺαأһµȥɣ
Ҷٺħ֮µİѾҶٺøεѵ߶вơԪħƺޱȣɽѹһ㽫µȫȻĳм
ȻڴʱҶٺıͻȻһ˿УʩչоӲҪǽɽͼʱ򣬡ꡱһޱȵ⽭ɽͼеֻҶٺͷ֮ϵġ족Ǳһǧ׵Ļڣ
ۡ
Ҷٺɫ䣬ӿ³һںѪȻѾ˲ƣ
⽭ɽͼȻƳҽҶٺ缴һ㡣
ܹڵҶٺٿصĽɽͼӲƵûڻΪܹأ
СֵܣȻѾû֮ǣΪλҪȡǵأɱ̫ˣ⽭ɽͼ°ɡ
һɣޱȣȴɢһ˲ܵؼ죬ţһһǿޱȵҪҶٺϴȥ
Ǻεǿ
Ҷٺ󾪣һľǿһС·ֻҪԷһָͷҪҷһ㣡

һɰԵ֮ȻҶٺг֣ҪҶٺоŵĽɽͼշҶٺŬҲԽţ
ž
ž
糴һҶٺ屻ǵضѹñεĽҶٺӵп壬ЩΪͨĴǰȻֽһ㣬һ
ҪҪҲ
ҶٺХ˫Ŀ죬Ѫâ죬һɷ·Ħصħⷽؽ̣Ƿ·һƵѹҲü֣
ڴʱֻԭѾԽҶٺѹ÷ǵѹһɣҶٺֻһૡ
סϤĹѪңǡ
ţûҶٺش𡣷ǰӵ߾ޱȼĺȵ
ɷڵСһɽħʲôˣ


284 ɽ
ҶٺдϲȻҪɱ˻Լ˰
ܹ𾪵ҶٺǷʶɽħȻδıΪͨĴܻɽħʶأ
⣬ɽħǰҲָҼΰˣҵȷޱȸмȴǲ֪һӻܷˡ
Ҷٺɪ˵Ҷٺ˵⻰ǳģɽħޱȵѪҲнյĳɾͰɡ
ϧҲ֪ܷٻصħߵˣҲ֪ܷǰԷħƵˣ

ֻһƽؾһľ죬ܷԲʮ֮ڵĸɽӴѹը÷飡
Ҷٺ뵽ڰϲ˷Ӧȴû˿µ˵
ڣħߣʬǧĹǺС
ħߣǿ½еһɴڣΪڵĽ֮һ
ΪµһɵҲ֪ڰźεǿȻǰҲһĬҲ֪Щʲô
ðɣҷŹɣħߣͷʼջһġ
̾Ϣɪ֮鲻Զ
ҲҪٽ춫ȡҡˣ½Զеô򵥡ЩСආұȫɡ
ҶٺǰʱóξޱȵԼ棬ŻҴŵϰ߾ȻգۼѾʧӰ٣ϲȻҶٺЩȫȻ
ܹʶɽħǸ߰˰Ϲ⻹һϲ
Ҷٺǳ鴤ǷǿûзŹԼôҲ֪ɡ

ʲôһҶٺСӸˣˣôµģ
һУһĿüĴ˫ĿԲɣ·ڵսսʿĪһǣԵҲֱ졣
ǵ֮һҵĸۡʿģҵļͣ
Ϊһ֮һƹӴҵͣȴһΪ̵ʱԼıӱ裬ﻹס
ĹǵܵҰͻǵϷɵȸӥɱ˱ǣ
ҶٺǺˣҳ飡
ŲƬ̹ȥɫ۵ǰվޱȣ·ǧ꺮һˣǷԸ
Ƿˣɱ˱ǣʲôߣǼλɣûʲôѵõ
ǵģˣ
ֻȣ¶Ҳ·ɲǼ½ȣһѾʧԭأ
ħսˣƫСңĻ£½
ͻȻХ·ʲôϲһ㣬Եý˹
Ԭҷϣܹ˽ĳ׳־
ͬһʱ䣬ҶٺȻǵĽæ˸ֺƾڵΪԼѪ񹦣֮˭ܹҶٺԣҶٺôġ
ɽϻӳƴҶٺʱֻεĺӣ֪ʱһȺҪأ
Ҹۡһɸɿéݶɵé۴αȵ¥УԵùޱȣһζ͵еţ࣬θڡ
Ȼʱé֮⣬һźµӴ·˼һ㡣
ʦȥɱһˡ
Ǻ˵û˿Ļ·ڱбһ㣬˲սǷͼסǰ֮һ
ϸ²ŰɱһŹ˶ãҪΪʦԳ
һͬޱȵéд֮һܹͬ˲Ϣ·ԵħϢ
ʦͽҲϣ˵ģȻǼ£ҪһЩģ˭ǱЩ׷ɱء
ǺӼ˵ҲǴ˼ַŭԼϣȻҲ֪ԼʦѾĶˡ
ȻéͻȻһڹ⣬һɷ·Ҫնħһ˲ʧ֮䣬ֻƮƮһ仰ǺӶлơ
ðɣΪʦôһΰɣҶٺǰɣλʦ֣汾ȥǸҶٺɱˣ
ͬһʱ䣬ǵֱλϱĵطͬӴޱȵӺͥǵԼԬң
в½вĸĳľӵΪ֪Ĵ
ڴʱԼԬҵУΪһ֮˽ڱ֮ϣһ΢Ц·ʹϢ
ʲôǸçȻôһʱڴ󶯸ɸ꣬Ҳ½ǵصĸ˻ˮС
һŻѵ΢Цһֻӷ׵ֱһŮӵ档
úùһѵͷɣԬֻڱ˾ˣ̲ܽˡ
һۡУһޱȣ˫ȴ˸
Ųӵʱ䣬ɳԼĸֲƬ̣ҲԼԬѾɳ˲ٸ֣Ҫ֮һ
Ҫ֪ҶٺһƶıⰡܽҺݺݴһҲҪǽҶٺαⱻʱʰЩ˰
һСݵУһɫ۵߶ԵĻ´е·Ҫȥʲôһ㡣
ʲôҪҶٺ֣찡ҲҪϹȥȻҶٺһëҲˡ
ǵһ˳ӿĴ֮ϣһӾĪһֱӿȥ˳֮Ա⣬ô£
ڵһ֮ϣһСһӾڴߣжһ΢ЦŴŵϰգһֻͬϷһ㽫һƿϸϸꡣ
ʱˣʱҪһˡ
ɽƣ
Ҷٺ֮ǰݵСֵܣ


285 ˴ս
Ҷٺ֪ԼѾڶ˵ţʱȻŰɱҪ̰֮ĿеУһ似죬һ߰ΪĿռָеɻȡħ꣡
ȻҶٺ֪ܿӿ˳жôֲˣѾʼҲĵɼһߣ
Ҷٺˣ飬գûҲˣ
˵УгֻǾסǵͨƽҶٺɵǣʮ˺еǿǿǱҶٺҪǿٵ
ȻҶٺͬɵѵģһƬȺ֮һӶֱҶٺɢǿϢˣһڵĸ߽Ϲ֣ʺڵСߣ
ԭҶٺ˴ȵڶ˳ӭң
Ҷٺֱӽ˷ѹȥ
ҶٺǷʲôҵˣǵħȥ
һԾĵյҲ·ϱһ˪һħѾֱҶٺȥ
𡭡
̷䣬Ҳ̵΢΢׳ıħһβۼױ鲼ľβѾҶٺݺݴ
Ҷٺָ΢죬žǿâѾǱħϱըƵޱȵѪħŲһ㽫Ǳħըأ
ħŭǰëͷСӾȻ˵ǰӣҪѿ
ֻħȣޱȣ·жʲôħ䣡
ħڤ֣óѣ
Ҷٺɫһ䣬ųǰԶħȥдٰ似ȴȻ޷κǰħͷһɿֲֵаؼ䣬ҶٺҲͷƤ
ħڤǴ˵ܹٻħԶ湦νѪͬһεĴڣ
ħѾħڤ㾳ˣ

찡
ڴʱһĸпҶٺվԶҶٺħսսߣ̾ѾȾˡ
һħڤҲô̾ɣôҲѪ͸񹦰
ҶٺֹȻΪΪٵվп
Ȼһ룬Ҷٺܵ쳣֮ʱתһȻ
Ʈ裬һƬĺ
ǵĽ⣬˵ϿգȻ޹ʵĻ꣡
ô£
ҶٺģҲ˲ħˣɵľ󣬽·оʩչһüһ߳ǲԶĻɳ۶ȥ
⻨굱Уƺˣ
Ůɱ
Ȼڴʱ˵ͻȻϡϡĹֽԭ˵ѾǧѾһ̲ŧˮ
Ҷٺ󾪣⻨굱Ȼһˣʵ൱ǿ󣬾Ȼܹ˲佫Ⱥе߰ڵĸ߽ȫɱ
ֻҶٺ˫һţʱ䷨򼴳ͬһʱ䣬Ԫħƻ֣ǻץȥ
ԪħƴԽգ˲컨֮ǰҪѾݾֹյеץȥ·һܽһ㣡
Ǻˣҳ
ҶٺȣɢŰԵħľ֮ϸȼܳ棬Խջ
ȻڴʱҶٺ˫Ȼţ͵Ļ꣬ѾܹɷĻԪħҲͣڰУ
Ųһ룬ʱָ·ȺٴλָµĹֽУǼȿ־֮ʱĺ
ͬʱյеɫѾ𽥵ȥ·ûгһ㣬ѾָҶٺݿоץȥҲֻͬڿһ㡣
ƻ棬ξ
Ů˭Ϊθһʶĸо
ҶٺȻʧȴҲ벻굱еӰƵŮӡ
ԭҶٺɫ굱мģһ˫޾Լڻ굱ֵӰʱȴҲˣ·ֻһһ㡣
СӣҵĴڣ
ڴʱֻһޱȵԶһʴħƵĿնȻҶٺǰſɲǼף·ҲȫȻȥ
ড
ǧħХǧУڤӱڣڵǿ֮ǿΪƸΪּ꣬仯عΪã
Ȼһײޱȵ似㽫޹֮˸ˣϢȥѾϰٷ˲䱻ڤӸɣû˿ۼ

ʱ䣬վڵ֮ϵ˽Ǵң
ԭǿֻڳҥ߳ۿ֮˽ǸҶٺɱҿܷʲô˰ȴԼҲҪȥˣ
ǵңЩ˸ûнǵһ°
ҶٺЦ˿ûнѾΧƵĿֲڤԼ˫ִǧѪâһƬڵĿֲռ䵱ơ
ôҶٺǰɡ
ѪѪ
ֻҶٺϰԵѪâʴأǧâ׽ƣ
ͬһʱ䣬һѪޱȲ֪ͨδĿֲħǰ˲γɣɲףħ˽ȥ
ѪѾѪѪˣ
ħֽУдħȴѪб׵Ѫɫŭݿһħϣһ⣡
Ѫ磬ǿһѾڵľǿ밡
Զʱ֮ħڤҲֻصʱ֮ƥУϧʱħֻǽħڤˡ
䡭
Ѫɫ𣬵ͬǧâѪɫнħ׸Ƭʧؼ䣡


286 ֱϵ
찡ȻΨһĿߴ˸ɱˣ˰
ЩģܹĹҲʲôö쵰Ȼ뽫ɱˣã
Ҳ޷ƵסħͷҪ˰

ʱ䣬վڵ֮ϵǵİռΣѹٴ·ʲôҲûзһ㣬ԭյħһҶٺҲǲ֪ʲôʱȻʧ
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ʱҶٺѾڷŰħɷͬʱתۼɳ۵֮ڡ
Ҷٺ˵ħһȽǿߣǺڵĶ굱е˵ȴ㲻ʲô
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ҶٺԵѩǣʩ֬ȴȻǡ
Ҷٺ¶һ˿ɵȴǵһЦ·ڹҶٺȴʵڰг˵
ҶӲǾ壬ʨȶЩ˵سЩѾ̤߽߷֮˵ȴǲˡ
Ҷٺ᲻֪ǰȥ·ʹһ㣬ĳȴǸޱȵŮڷãȴǲ㳲ŭ΢Ц
˵ǣƣСʻ괬ܶ﷭¾ΪڲⰡ򲻿ɳҵΪߵϡ
Ҷٺ綷Ȼ죬Եʮڸȴûж󶯾һɽۻģ
½ʵȻһ̱Ϊ˼ҵľ֣˼˺ĵİء
ҶٺüҪ֮ʣϹһЦʱ˵ע˹ȥ
λ뿴ǱЩͨܵǰ߿˵ģʨɽ֮ϵʱջҲ֮һλùȻޱȰ
ѭȥֻһ׵ĿֲԨԱߣһǧ׸ߵɫɽȻͬһͷԨħʨһͷңӶޣϸһȴǻһͷʨĵԼһɲɣȴǴŵϵϢ
طŹֵúܡ
Ҷٺ´ʱҲֻܹʨֻԨһȦȦīɭޱȵڶʨȴǱһĪĺɫâף
Ϲ͸޸пһʫһ㣬Եڶͬ˵ʨȤš
ʨ񣬾˵Ǵ˹еɽۼ¾˵ǻʨΪΣǷȴȻġ
ҶٺϹ·һ˵Уһ˫۾ɢĪľ⣬·һСһֱʨһ˫۾
һһżƷʯӨ͸֮в磬ʨ˼
żƷʯһСȻôܻǧ֮ߵĹʯ֮Ȼܹ
Ҫ˵żƷʯɱһιҪˡ
żƷʯɽ֮꣬ѾһˣȻ֪ǣʨɽеǺʵ϶ЩżƷʯߵ壡
żƷ񾫣ȴܹ֮ΪߵЩͨϹҲǲҴżƷʯ⣡
ʨɽһ֮أʨԴͷ
żƷʯǶԴ֮еĽɰĴڣ˽Ϊǻʨ䣡
Ȼν֪ηȻвʨ֮ǰʬҲԨУνʬ޴档
ͬʱѾ뿪͵͵ܵʨġҪҶٺһ㡣
ڷżżƷʯ֮ʱҶٺıӿһĪҪΪеǿҸо
Ҷٺ֪ʨĹ죬ȻȴȻȻȥ·һѹ·ɫһ㡣
Ȼһ֪Ҷٺ֪ԼδϹеõʨޱаϢһʱżƷʯΪеĴˣ


291 ʱѺ
Ȼڻ˵ˣҪͨħսĵ·Ҫһ˵ġ
Ϲ첻ɫ΢Ц˵һЩΧ˸еĪĻ
Ȼǹ۲ָȴѾʨġвҶٺ
⻶ϲڵϹ쾹ǽҶٺǹʹҪҶٺֽ֮ͨħսĿռѷ򿪣
ʱۼʨ֮ҪħսѾʨɽÿ䡣
ܹӵнħսʸΪߵڸ߽ߣԼЩ̤ǿߡ
ĵʦ߾ҲʨȵУȴħսֵһ̣
ǲڵھȻǼıС
һĴָǴԶʶӰԵ߸п
ʲô˵ģħսֲ½ﻹֵڵĹָֻţƾǰ˵ʮڸֱ丩Ͷ
һΪССӶ־˵
ħսһпܴ⣬ܹħսģʵϲ֮ϵϹҪ֪ǿܹΪħսİǲħսеߡ
ڴʱվԱߵһɫ˵û˿пԡ
ħսδ֣ЩϣħսõһǿѾˣ
²õĽħսбһȷѪ꣬ǲǵȴɵ䳡Ǹ֮Ѫƴ֮
ͬʱڶϣħսϽֵߵע֮⣬һνɥĲѾһɥĲ飬Ȼɹˣ
ʱҶٺȻѾվǧ׸ߵʨ֮ϣ֮ϵĶצϬޱȣĴǿϵȾʯұ֮ϣʱѾа׳ġͷĶ֮ϣ
ټͷپɼëſŭţһһڵ˫ת޾ѹ
һ΢ţɢǶ˷
֣žʯȡãΪλɽ֮أ
Ҷٺüͷ壬ޱɻ˵Ȼƽµǧ׸ߵĹɽ֮ϣżƷʯֿɵã
ȻҶٺ֪ǣʨ֮ɢһɺڶɫĹ壬ȥ
Ǹ̺ǿԾŵķֵоȻ̺ĻһԺصľǿȻҶٺȴû㲨
ڶɫ壬ɱߵװ
ȻЩȴǶҶٺûаã·Ҷٺһ㣬Ȼ˲Ҷٺʵȴû˿ǿ
Ȱžʯȡ
ҶٺڵЦ۶ǼƵóѵĵɫȺٶοʩչצ֮Ѿһžǿ·ɽױצǿŶġۡȥ
ء
ֻһ죬мСĺɫʯѾҶٺҵǹɽߣɽҲҶٺҵһҲ
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ʨ·𼴽ľһޱȵĺǧ
ʱ䣬ޱҲ֣
ʨǰԨжȻһſֲޱȵĻ·ħһڶʨǰյлγɣҲҲ·ƬҲҪüһ㣡
ô£
Ҷٺޱȵ·ĶʱѾܹܵɱɭȻĿ⳯Ѿ˷Ҷٺ֮˵Ĵڣ
Ҷٺ˵һݣǰҪĵȻǽǼֵļƷھʯŪȻˣ
ֻҶٺһ貰׹⣬ǶļƷھʯѾʧӰ٣ֻʣһѺ۵Ŀն
ԭǷʨҶٺĵһͷϹʨӣ
ˡ
ڴʱԭѾסʨǲøΪ·𼴽ƿնһ㣡
ֲޱȵħԨ֮´ҶٺڵĸҲҪͬһ
յеĺڶ͵ŵ׳ΪȶղŻƽ
ħս
ڴʱֻһɫӰһִȵѾ΢ЦųǺڶȥ˲ʧǧ˵ǰǻϲڵϹ죡
Ҷٺʱײǽ˵Ķˣϵ͵һżƷʯȻǧ߷ˡ
ǴʱȻϵĻĿ⣬ܹɱǧˡ
߿ɲЩСɫνȺӢͣҲ֪ŽӻУȻʱѾָòҶٺǶˣ
Ҷٺħս֮нᱻЩ˰͵ϮˣҪ֪ҶٺӢԶƶαⰡ
Ϲ죬Ҷٺû꣡
Ҷٺҧгݵ˵һѾǰĵӰѾӵǧ׳ĺɫѺ۵У
ǧ׳ĺɫѷبյУ·ʲôԶ˺һ㣬һ·ԺĵĲɣϢżӶ
ͨħսͨͨǸǧǰħһսַ;
֮󣬱ͨħսʱѺ֮ʱħսߣ߽֮ߣɱ
ڴʱһޱȷ·һĺȻ޴ڶϷǧ
ʱ䣬
ҶٺҪģ֮ڱסһҪǳٶȿĵ׼ʱٲ֮أ
ħսǧǰżĪĽ֮أҲǸɸѡ̳˵ĵط
ܹɹħսˣǲýһۣ
˵ͨħսʱѺ𣿡
ҶٺʱѾ̤ն𣬻ҪǰǸа׸ߣǧ֮ĺɫѨˣ
һɷ·ȶޱȣȴַ·̺޾֮ìϢҶٺëȻ
ʱѺۣһСķһЩϸ΢仯ҪǼѹñը˰


292 
ݡ
Ÿһʱѷ쵱УҶٺ·ʧȥһƯһƬڵУǳŤƣⳡҶٺһҲеϡ棬Ҷٺİʯռ䵱һĳô
ȻڴʱһɼǿҶٺƴһǿҶٺһߣҲҪͷʹѣ·ԴҪըѿһ㣬űֻ˯ˡ
ǡ
֮ҶٺתȴǷԼѾһƬѪɫ֮ϣһ޼ʵĽǳѪʯͷҶٺ֮⣬ûаӰȻһƬأ
Ҷٺüͷ΢壬طһԼѹ֮У·ʱѹɷһ㡣
߿յУһֵ̫߹ңȵ֮ϣһɷ·ƤսζҶٺһθ
аĵط
·𵽴һƬɭȻɱ
ҶٺӿԲʮ֮ھһƬѪɫڣֻһÿÿĹľ֮ĬĬ˵µĲɣ
ԭһͬħսǧ߾ȻһҲûг֣·ƾʧһ㡣
طǲ˾Ϊ
Ҷٺૣʩչо뿪ͻȻһҲҶٺһ󼤶Ųڵ׸߿֮ϡ
ֹֹ
һ𣬲Ųգۼͬһ𺳡
ֻƬȻڲסȻһѪɫȻȴǻӵ֮
һֻ˽֣֩
˸ͬС֩Ѫɫë飬վʮ׸ߵ˲Ϊֲֵ֩ͷȻһѪȻڲϵѪͷѪģ
֨
ֻһޱȵĹֽУǰ˽֩ѾҶٺצҽǴѪģͷ³ǧѪɫ֩˿ҪҶٺס
ҶٺθŸһħս㿴һѿĹȻӵڵʵ
󣬸ȥɡ
Ҷٺŭȣ˲ӡѾޱɫ˲Ҫǵ֮ϵĿֲըƬ
Ȼڴʱַֻ֩֨һ춯ذУޱȵҶٺԴѣǲҲ޷֣
ͬһʱ䣬һ·̺ޱĽɫ⾹ֵ֩ͷ³׺ݺײȥ
䡭
ǣҶٺľǿ׾ǱϤأһյг֣
ǡ
ҶٺԴѣһȱȫĻԺͬŵӰһ֣ԴҪơ
ִ֩ĽҶٺͷԽӽѣ⾹һҶٺδ¸ޱȵ似
ҶٺӰ˲䣬֩Ѿٴһǿͷ·¶һ˿ЦһԾ׸ߣҪſѪڽҶٺɣ
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ȻڴʱԭѾƽϢѪɫǼеѺԶӶ
Զ̷һɺƵޱȵɱԽ˺ѣ
ҶٺԴѣʱԶǧǰһĻĻ׽شƵ似ǧ׳ľ֣·Խ޾ʱҶٺԺйȥ
ͬһʱ䣬ҶٺܹǰѾߵ֩룬аĻɫӰ
һȺѾȥˣ˵ЩߵԹ
ɫûаУֻ޵ĿնбƲȴɰȻ
ɷ죡
֨
ڴʱԭѾҪҶٺɵ֩ͻȻֽ·𿴼ʲôΪֲĶһ㣬ƾתͷҲص뿪ˣֻͷʹѵҶٺվյС
Щս꣬ѵħսеô
Ҷٺָͷа߰½½֮ϵ߼Ҳûڶ
ˡ
ڤ紵ؼ䣬ս֮ƬƬɫ裬ǧ޵дرͬ䣡
սϢжϸнͦ·λҰһƬ֮Ѳ·ػԼһ㡣
Ȼ˹»ҰҲǲԼǰʹ
Ӧþǧǰڤ½֮ʱˡ
һҶٺޱߵսҲǲȻ
ħս֮󲻾ãҶٺʶƬ֮ǧ֮Ľģˣմ֮Ȼű캧صƻȻûлָĺۼǸĪǣ͸Ϣ
ͱʱҶٺǰģһڵѾֻʣ°صĹ֪״̬ǺεʥȻȴһֻצȥ롣
һһߺǺ鹬ĴǰŴȭͷһȻǱһȭɱġ
ʲôõĶ¡
Ҷٺ˵Ҫ߽ǰа׳ĲƹУҪѰһЩǧ֮õĶ
ȻڴʱûҶٺ⹬ʮ׸ߵĶǽԻȻԶʴȴߣͬһԶֱҶٺߵķȻҲǷƵĹ
ôҵһַӦвԶرǿҪ˵Ĵ󲿶ӵ֮ǰĶѹһգȻĺôǵķݣеһӹЦ
ǰҪϽˣȻЩһɾ鷳ˡ
һҲǸ͵ҲǼӿ˼ٶȣȻȴͻȻһɻF֣ƺһ˰ΪɲⰡ
ߣĹô࣬ɱ˱ǣ
ǱΪFֵ˵ɱȻͬһʱгҶٺһɫףȵ
СӣҪ־͹㵲ӵķ·ˣ
ҶٺвмȻǹ֮ȻʵҲûҪóȻⲻǷΪô
ȻҶٺеǣЩ˽ħս֮Ȼܹۼһ𣬶һĵһΪ˵Ķ


293 ִ̻
ɫߺХҶٺҰֱҶٺ
ͬһʱ䣬ƺѾҶٺ֮˵޼ɵĳֻʣ°صĹϲƹȥ
񣬸
ҶٺȣƽؾըԴ֮ڡֻҶٺħ裬а׳ĻԪħѾ˲γɣƥ糯ߺݺȥ
ơ
ǱΪFֵ뵽ǡСӾһڵ۷ڣңɫ֣Ҫյħƴơ
ֻءһ죬ǰҫѾͬһ㱻ҶٺٳĻԪħҳ֮⣬ͬһڵϡ
ҶٺЦ𿪣ȥͬԵĶħȥڿд·޿ײȻ֮һ㡣
ҸһѡĻᡭ
Ҫڵˣ
ǱΪFֵд֣ڵƴҪվȴǱҶٺĻԪħƴ˲ѡ
ǽҶٺĻԪħƿڵĻԪˡ
㲻ɱǣ˵ˣɱǽܵġ
ҶٺЦ˿ΪҪ˵ʲôˣ֮Ҳδ¹
ֻҶٺħһӣΪFֵѾ촦ֻʣһŵߡ
ʲô֣
Ҷٺ΢ЦڵĻһӣԭڻɫ֮ϵѾεվ
硭
ǿȥޱȵ˵ȴһûСߣҶٺûнɱĶ󺰴
鰡С۲ʶ̩ɽֻǹϰһɣ
ҶٺЦҪȡǲƹеı֮ʱֺסҵأ
ȻҶٺȴ̩Ȼа似ѾȻϡ
ңǵ˵ħսϵ
似νǻϲڵĳɱҲ֪жĻ֮ϣƩǰĶͱҶٺȻ˵˵
ˣʵϱ½֮ϵĸԼ·ɢΪܹħսɿĶ飬񲻹ߵĹģȴѾħսи˱Ƚϴˡ
ҪֻߣĪħսУ߱һң԰Ⱥ۵Ĵڣ֮ǿҲҪɵ֣
ʯͷϵ𣿡
ҶٺеһȭͷСɫʯͷ
а׹־ʹǸɫʯͷˣһһˣô⡭
Ҷٺɫˮоǰ׵ɫʯͷԭȻɫʯȻ˲䱻һƬ׹⣬˵˳
Сӣ˵ɱˣҪvң
ڴʱֻһŭԶʴ羪ŭ˷˲佫ҶٺŰΧɭȻɱ죡
ʲôˣĶΣ
ҶٺȣȴǵԭѾѪͬһͷԱһŭХҪҶٺ˺Ƭ
Ҷٺ뵽Щ˵ٶ˿죬ȻͽǹϹᵽʯռ䵱뿪ˡ
֮ˣɱǸеıߵ֮
Ǻ˴ȣâ·һһ㳯ҶٺХȥ
ҶٺȻ壬ȻȴҲҪֹЩ۾ҪǲƹеĿͽóѡ
ǱԼȽǹˣбֵܹõ𣿣
ֻҶٺкâڣʱһﾲֹѾ⵱дѣҶٺҲѾߵԣһֻħצҪݺץȥ
Ӱ鷳ҪǶ˰æô
ڴʱֻһЦԶնһƬѹѹ˵߶Լٷȴһˣ˵ңңš
ͬһʱ䣬ԭѾҪӰɱҶٺͻȻʱ·оˣѾͬһһʧ٣תۼ֮յС
Ȼ˵ʱʱ죬ҶٺʧͬʱһѪɫѾԽնͣ͵ĳҶٺվ֮λȥ
ӥȷֵģǶĪҪ֣
ԭҪҶٺһƴɲзϵӰµ˵·𷽲žĲǾ·ɻһĻþüһɰȻ
Цѵ⹬ϵйɣħս֮бߵ֮پӢϣ
ӥЦѪɫ裬һͷѪɫӥյŭһ㡣
顭ʱ䣬似ݺᣬɫ֮ǰʱһƬң
ȻͬʱХԶҪһĴɢޣ
ŲһƵĹڶһ
Ҫ֪Щǧǰĺذ
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Ϊӥİ˳ߴһѪû磬һͷǷʨյͣ˹ɱȥ
ħɱ
Ӱ˿Ϊޱȵܽձ⣬ֻǧħӰͻȻӿĵԣг˺ݺݴȥ
ͬһʱ䣬ѾһĸԼɵ߽ƴɱʱ䣬ѪɺӣʬأԭɫҲȾʺ죬ڤյлУ
ļȻĴսҶٺѾ͵͵ĳǹϹȥҪǹС
ɲܹĿǰıﱻø⣬ΪѾò͵͵ǹУ
Ǹڵô
ҶٺڵЦҪ䵽ǹĶǽ֮ϣȻڴʱԭѾ׼ջǧűҶٺȴͫ·һⱼӣ
ݡ
ļХֻԭֻʣ°صĲƹĳǽͻȻһĴֵָĺ룬ǿԶرĴ̻룡


294 ̵


ʱ䣬ԭڼսǧߵгҺ·𱻳ιһʹУҶٺ
Ųһ꣬ѾϰɥȪлΪǿߡ
ǵĴ̻밡ֱȽĻĥüƣٽһ̲ŧˮĴ
ҶٺǿһʳڵʹıͷʹХŴڵĸãֱһ̲ŧˮ
⹬ƺе°
ҶٺľħսȻĵط
ûе⹬ϷҲҪ񷽲Щǰ㱻ĥ
ŸոпҶٺϽӿŲҪǰˣһıذñ˿ռ˱ˣ
۵һƬڣǲƲľʯţǧµУõľͷҲҪ࣬ǧǰĹڲҲֻʣ·ƵĹ˿յĻԻ͡
ҶٺŲȻÿһߵС
ɲ뱻о綾Ĵ̻ɸӣȻУĹû˿ûа顣
Ǹǣϣ
أȻ䣬Ҷٺüͷ壬ʩչ֮࣬ϵ£Ҫ˵ʵԶ޷ټ¾ǵĶƻ߶ҲԷ
ҶٺȻзϵټҪ߽һųķ䵱У
ǡ
Ҷٺͫһ߽ȥķ֮ϣдһԶ֣䵱Уһû˿⼣֮ϣһööȭͷһСĸɫʵȥޱȣһȥʮţ
ʱϱͬһǿһ㣬ҪЩʵϤȡߣ
ҶٺȻЩȥЧǷعʵȫʰȡˣҶٺҪ͵͵ǱϵԸһ֮ʱһȻЦͻȻҶٺҶٺٴ
Ѿ½ˣôЩСأ
һӢ˵ӻǺ󷽲ԶĹ˿Ũüۣһս굹ȴҲһʺڵߡ
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죬ΪڵĳϣԣͲڽô
ڰҶٺתڿʵڵɰ书Ե˫սʥ춯ء
ս»ǿǰ˵أ
ΪȴǷ·ûϵвһЦս裬յл𻨡
ڣħսǻܹƽǰֻҪ콫ɱˣôѵ֪ô
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ֻ콡׳յǧӡһͷǷʨХʮ׸ߵҪССƣһ˫۾μǶɫĲ¶ʮȣǰϿ˶ȥҪ˺ѳƬ
ʨӡӡ֮һʨȼ
Ҷٺо˸ת˼˲佫ڵʨӡġ
ʨӡڵǿ似Ҷٺ޷ϵͳѧϰ˵Ȳҩ
Ǳ˻ҪߴʨƥƾҪǰԵСޱȵ˺ҧȥ֮ʱ
˫Ȼ۹âѾʨܣޱȵӲǽͷƼ͵ʨסǲҲУ
ꡭ
ꡭ
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˫־綶似ӡһγɱ˸أҲ΢΢ӡ֮£һ쳤һ޶ľ˱ׯϵĿյУ˫ֶղĹҲòס
ӡޱȣһʩһģһˣϳɫ䡱һʵһ֮ϣ֡
쳤ϹȻţڵĳӡҲʩչ
Цкâ磬ɱɭȻȴڲסЦɢһɹǿϢ
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ڴʱֻԭֹ»תһǿޱȵİԵǱе˶ʨȻͬѵĴһ鿪˲ɢƬ
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ͬʱӡٳķѾնֻ֣µعʵץȥҪ価
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295 ͳȥ
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ҶٺȻǰ߸ӵħսеĲ֪һ䣡


296 С˵־
ʱҶٺƴǰ߲µʽ統п
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ֻһ죬ԭץǰеĹŽѾ˲ʧУ


297 
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˫ֽӡ֮ɫ˸û˿˼ɵǻδɢĿռ䶴ѨУҪ׷Ѱǿռ䶴ѨԴͷȻ֮ȴû˿Ӧһޱȡ
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Ҷٺ˫Բǹ㣬ֵǰ¹ȹȵص龰
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һҶٺͷҲûеǿ¾ǰİߵ˼ҲȲһ֣


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ҲҺҶٺķӦԼٶȹ죬ܹⱻǳˣ
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ʯ䣬һͬޱǳݺݵڵ֮ϣǵٴҳһӡ


299 
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ҶٺѾͬһ㱻ҵ⵹ɶֱ¹ȵ±֮ϣʯ
ͬһʱ䣬ҶٺǳеͬʱδҶٺƽؿͣ𾪵Ŀ֮£½ǳ֣
ÿһŶһεӣÿһҪǿһҶٺĲҲҪһⰡ
ơҫ£Ӱ
Ҷٺŭȣ˫ֻ䣬߿ǳѾܣת䣬һɰĦµĻѹƬҲѹ죡
һ̣ҶٺѾǧ٣ҪǱʩչҫ߿ǳ֮Χ
ȻֻޱȵҶٺѾۻޱ޼һҽһɫɽУɽҲײõ
ҾͲƲ÷󣡡
ҶٺľƢӿͷֻҶٺХһȭԵ֮ÿһһǳǺյʱֵĲǳͥ
ء
ըҶٺ˲ǰԵǿȭǹǳǳԵޱȣ
ƣ
Ҷٺ˫յһӣʮ״Сǳ˸⣬һ㶸Ȼյг֡
Ÿһͣյб㻺תͬɽһ
ͬһʱ䣬ֻ䡱һ죬ѾĿ¹±Ҳѡ
ͬ޴ޱȵǳǡóλã̹âҫ˷֮ѹҶٺǳҲѹøֱ֨죬ȴǿסһƣ
ת֮䣬Ҷٺ¹ȵص˸ͬһӰ׽
¾֮ǰоʩչµҶٺҲûдʱ˹Ī
䡭
䡭
ǹէ֣ҶٺѾʮĹ
ҶٺͬһѸģĺͯһ㣬ѸٳɳţһʼŰɱüȫѣʱܹĽϤ£
Ҳˣ
ҶٺЦ¹һУȭѾһȫµľ磡
˵֮ǰҶٺֻƾȭѵɱУҶٺȭɱˡ
Ҷٺлϲ֮ʱֻԭƽٴμ仯
ݡ
ǳ˸䣬𣬵ǳҫ졣
ҹյѾǰǳҫֹ߿ССǳ
ֻҶٺ˫Уʱǰβɨʣʱе㳽ʱǳת
ҶٺǿҲ޷յе
һξ֮ϵһζڷֻԼ츳йأ
һطʥ͸Ȼֻ֮շǵһ
¹ȵ컯֮Ǵ죿
ĳܵΪ˸ӵкεȸǿܽǧǳʰҪӵкεȸ߳͸طߵľ磬ܴ¹ȵǧ
ʱ˿̵ҶٺﲻһҪ˴ͼأ
ȻܹپҪҶٺ컯ˡ
׹ҫ£컯ǧԵԵһ졣
Ҷٺ˫һյеǳҪ׳Ƴһɷ·һĺƵҶٺϴ
ˡ
ǳãһ˳⣬ʱҶٺҪյУ
ǵģҶٺ;Уڲطһɣһٽڣ
Ҷٺ·һ㣬һ泩ĸоһʵĿУ
ȻڴʱԭѾҪطҶٺԺ档
ڵ̷ִƿؼӢЦĵ⣬ħߵе޾ǺʬɷеĹײģŷܰٻӰԼĽ顣
ҶٺϵʥϢȻֹͣһɱϢϻγɣһɹ°Ⱥ
ٴҲǧ飬棬ң
ҶٺȣԭεеҶٺȻѹ˫Ŀŭɱ֮ϯؼ䣬ѽ߸ǳҲصԭֻعľ磡
ҶٺԭߵΪֱԭھ磡
ԭԽڵǿ䵽ȻֻڵĿΪνǴ䣬¾ЩľߵϹ־һҲҪܴ̼
ȻҶٺȴԹ޻ڡҶٺԼ·Լѡġ
Ҳ֪˶ã·Ѿǧһ㡣
Ҷٺ˫·նҪ
ΪûоҶٺĵԼȭǵԴȽ
Ѿ𣿡
ҶٺૣǰУΪ볣һ޶
ʱ¹Ѿָǳ߹ңһ¶һһ̶ˮֻǿӿݵұʾŷһʵڹġ
º¹ȵص룬׳ĺڲ̵¹֮ȴʧ顣
Ҷٺ磬ֻˮ漸Ѿº룬¹ȵصг֮Ψһһ༣ĵط
ԭվԶ֮ʱҶٺΪʯһ˸ߡ
Ҳֻڵʯ֮£Ҷٺʶ¹ʯ״ġ
һɫʯ²ɣۼһ¥ߵʯ¹֮µعâʯĬĬº֮䣬·ڴǧһ㡣
ͬСɽһСʯʲݵĿɷ壬ȴҶٺܹʶ½֣
⣬ôܣ
Ҷٺޱȣֻǧųһεħսôڴһʯѵ֮ǰѾ˽ط
ȻûǺεȲ˼飬ʯͷϵĿ̺ۿǳµĲɣۼİ


300 ؿռ
ڴ˽ǰ黹ױʡ
ҶٺĬʯ֮ϵ֣ԺжʱһƬհףʯϵֿǽ𾪵ôľ
߳ãĴħͷ񳿾Ȼǰħսгֹ
ħսеģĪԼǰɱʱкɵħսô
ҶٺԸʶСĳһ۹ӣҲԸôһʵ
ǰ߳ħߣǰ޵½ҽħսİǰٴγ½֮ϲָɷڵһʦҹħ죡
Ϊ񳿵ǿ߾ӵкεܣԿ˾˵Ĺ
ֻ½񳿾¼дд¼ٲ鰡
ҶٺֻѾΪеһţبУ·ħһ㡣
񳿾Ǻηʥ
ΪλɺϵĳҶٺЩط
ѵʲôҪҶٺԵˣ
һȭԵˡ
ҶٺͻȻһ¥ߵʯ·һͬƮ壬ţԴб㸡ֳ䷨ĳֵ֮ȭ
һأǣǳɹأɸտᣬﲻƣơ
ڶأǣԱǳǳ֮£
أǣģǣ
һȭһرһϬһرһԼ࣬Ҷٺ׽͸
ȻҶٺоõǣʱȭҲֻǿܹƵǴﵽǵڶǵľ硣
Ҷٺһָоȭ±ѧѪҪǿ٣
һ죬ҪȭԼѪͬ£֪ǿ󹦷ںΪһᵮεǿ似أ
ҶٺаЦ·Ҫʲôһ㡣
ȻڴʱҶٺжȻһ⣬ޱȣ˫͵ץסǿ׶ߵʯ
쳣ȡ
Ҷٺȣ˫֮ϺâһɹȻȻѾϣȻԺʯֺ
ҶٺǽѪԼȺٶοҲʩչ˰˫Ҳˣʯ²Ҷٺô򵥰
ǵģҶٺһСĸպʯµһϸϸķ϶
ʯ֮ʲô
𡭡
ҶٺһɰĦµȻؼ䣬·Ҫسһ㡣
ֻ¡һǲ֪жصʯڱҶٺ̧磬䡱һҶٺ䵽֮⣬ʵڵ֮ϣ
һռ䣿
Ҷٺ𾪷ǳǰһɫĶѨһɵĿռ䲨д
˭ӵ˿ֲʵȻܹħսпٳһµĿռ䣡
ա
Ļȵл죬޾š
һĴ͸ųȻɫʵĿռ䣬ֻһ֪ͨδĹҶٺԶ淺ƵǽڣڰʾռĹϰ߲
һͬʱӵʱĿռ䣬ΩΩФѾͬʵһʵˡ
Ҷٺһθпڽռ䴴ȱǸǺεǿﰡ
ЩŻ˵ʲôأ
Ҷٺüͷ΢壬ȵУܵһԼеѹȸУһֵ͵ȶԸߵȶľ裬·ռ䵱еĳһ˫۾ڽĶԼһ㣬ëȻ
ҶٺԣŵŹĹŻΪ˱ں˵ֻ߸һţһ·쵽Զļ֮
ҶٺߣһϵһȺ޵ĸ߹֮˶һȺڵˡ
ЩӺʱԳЩūһǣʱ۹ʯʱӻܹ֮ʹõ̾߶ʹˡ
յвʱͷʹڵ˳֣ȴ۹ۿ·һп֮¡
ɽʱ飬ʱ£ˮʱģҰȻһз·ֻעһ㡣
󣬱Щ֮˵ĵֿ֪ܶǶ˷Ƴ似
Щԭ㶮似Ӻ֮ԼͷʹڵսֻʣһƬʬ
Ѫɺӣ䡣
ҶٺĬȻⲻ񲻶κ似һֱķ޵һսܾ˵Ĺô
ⲻ½֮˾ռ֮ô̻ռ䵱к壿
Ҷٺұߣ̻ȴһ£Ĺ´ྶͥû˿ϵ
ȳҶٺǰһƬɫǿգǵ˸
űǣֳ֣ǱǷǻҪߴ
ܹǳȡϸϸܹ꣬ǳ㡣
ֵ˸еУĿĶţвԷ
漴Ҷٺ˵£һ˵һ˵Ȼ뿪
⿴һس֮ʱɱĹ£ȻĹŻȴҶٺһĪչˡ
ǾȻһƬ֮ϣһС𽥳Ĺ֮¼ÿÿ¼кһ̶ȣ¿ʼһֱظ쵽
ҶٺüͷߵҪʲôأ
ΪҪôһӵĳɳ¼˶Σ֮ʱļ¼أ
ΪҪ˴µļ¼׵ĳɳѵ̲ʲôشܣ
ڻҪЩʲô飬ѵֻҪô𣿡
ҶٺɻȻҲǲܵģռȻҪԵ˵ʲôܣȻҶٺȴûܹ
Ҷٺͷ˼֮ʱԵǽ̻֮ĶҶٺĿ⣬Ҷٺԭ費ѵ͵һ
׸ߵͷҶٺԷ·ſѪڱܽµĹ
ߵӡ֮Ͽ̻һ̫ɫ£л֡
ұߵͷӡ֮ȴǿ̻һְ£ֱһԵĿֲħ


301 ħս
ĪĹżУ׼Ļм䣬һ֮ҲҪɫ
Ҷٺз飬һִ˵۾·ڶһ㣬һɲĸоֻ뿪ط
Ȼǰδ֪ȴǲϺҶٺǰУ·ǰʲôһֱٻһ㡣
λ̧֣ǧҪ鰡СĿֻһСС߰»λ찡
Ҷٺ߶ֵ֮ʱǰͻȻһѸٽҶٺܹΧ
ǡĿռ䣡
Ҷٺаֻ̾ҶٺѾվһããһƬĹռ䵱Уıȴǿ̻˵խǽڣ
ռȻǷֳֵģǰǵڻȣͷλñȻֹűҶٺʱİɫռ䡣
ռ䵱Уһ֪ʲôƳɵĺɫʮּܣаޱȡ
ҶٺһʮּܱܵһɺڰޱȵϢǵضһҶٺǰδĺڰ·½֮ϱһرĿֲ
ҶٺʯѾڷżǺɫʮּܵ˲䱻ʴˡ
аʮּ֮ϣĶһãѹǧ꣬ùǼ֮Ȼ磬·ӵһ㣬һ׽ǿߡ
ʲôˣȻĿռ䵱УһǱаޱȵʮּܰס
۳ʮ꣬ѪԸءⳡһеսҲ˽˰ɣԸ֮Ѫϴ
ڴʱһӲɣǴżξ·ԽʱնҶٺԺк¡𣬽Ҷٺüѣ
ҶٺԺͻȻôһ档
Ȼһ۵İѪɫ֮£˫ָ߾٣Ѫݺᣬ漴ǳɽһһȵء
ű㽫ԼһĿռ֮УԶʮּ֮ϣܱʹ
¹ȵô
ӵӵ޾Ԫ߾ȻһжڴԾ
ʲôΪԼ飿
ҶٺԺ棬֮ǰսħս֮ʱ֮֩ʱԺͻȻѪɫĻ档
ѪǱصʬһͷͷĹ
ҶٺоԼʼħս֮һˣȻŴССһǱҶٺ·һӴޱȵС
Ѫɫ̫ԼɫһȻ䱦Ĺٹص񳿣Ծߣǧǰħս׷ʲô飿
Ϊʲôһ߻ҪΪԼжɱЩѵڤޣ
ЩޱȵԺҶٺٴζããһƬĿռ
ֻѾԾ֮ǰ˶ķУ滹ڷŹʲôĺۼ񳿽λǰˡ
ߵıеһ·űײһĺۼұߵıеһԲεĳݺ۵ضмıеȻһŵס
ȻʱǿտҲģΪĽûԼǰԼǷµ
ҶٺͻȻеԼһ󺮲·ʲôشڶԼһ㣬һ𣬷·ûдڹһ㣬ǱҶٺ׽ˡ
ѵǰδɢĻǣ
ѵΪԼǰر񳿣
ҶٺȻһЦһ㶼棬ɲǸʧԼû񳿣Ͽûʲôֶν
ȻߵҶٺĿռָȻ׵ĻҶٺȻĸԸİ񳿹黹ˡ
ǰڴ˰ϢɣлĽ̻֮ˣû
Ҷٺ˫Ҿ˵лһмžޱȣ·ʱҲһֹͣһ㡣
ؿռһҶٺûеõʲôǿķǶҶٺ˵ȴ޼֮˽ħս;˽ԼϵʲôܻıΨһ;
Ҷٺ뿪ǻԾĶռ֮ʱѾǵڶˡ
ѪɫյУѪζȻƶԣƺǧǰɱֻǷڲ֮ǰ
ħսҹѹޱȵ¹ȾٴʧֻʣһƬɽԼ͸ɺԵĺ
ʱɢһصĹǺƬ֮ϣħսеļֵȲһˮ
Ⱥս굽ħս֮ʲô
ҶٺŸһٴλعħսҶٺɺϵϲǰѾһεս֮ǡ
ʮ֮Ľ֮ϣһȺΪսƵͬһƬѪɫķӿ
ֳֶϸìսȻ˫Ŀͣ·ʬһǰȥһ·ϢȴԼһѹֵϢҶٺȻ
ĪЩս껹ӵУ߻ӵ
Ⱥ֮Ҷٺȴɫ۵ηŸһڵĸ߽ߣڿǵҶٺڵķ˼ۣȻҲǸоڿ
ҪЩսһ·򱱣ҪЩսܷΪǴ
֣߳Ҷٺһ
һ·Ͽߣħսһ֮ˡ
ǲڵǸͽҶٺԭҲ˽찡ȻҲܹĶѡ
Ҷٺһֱħս֮ʱ·ӹߵĶԻҶٺע
ħսΣյĿɲûҹƽ޴ڵĹԼҲҪСˣ
һѵȻһ˼ϸˡ
Ҷٺֹסǰе壬ٿһѾٶСǰʼһ˿Ц⣬ȴǰ﷢顣
ǿɲ߰ͬ׵ߵʵǿҲܺ˵Ѿڣҽڵ¸ҰܵҶٺ⣡


302 ս֮
ҶٺǺԩ޳Ҫʲô
һΪ۵ŭȴһηֱ㶵ĶҶٺ
ҶٺϤޱȣⲻǿӻɷ֮ʱľǿô
λѣҲǰѯһħս֮ϵˡ֪﷢˺أƺ˺ܶ°
ҶٺȻ΢ЦϢޱȣ·ֻһ㣬Ȼȴû˸СҶٺʵ
һֿҶٺк˵㻹֪ôѵŽħսģȴҲܵİ
ħսޱ߼ʣĹڣߵŵҲб
Ҷٺ߳ħսΪȴҹӰ֮£Щ˻Ǵɵе߽Է·ħһ㣬Լ˹ɱ
ҶٺĬȻ¹Ȼط뵱ҶٺѾ̲ƵҲܵЩ΢Ӱ찡˵Щͨˡ
ҶٺüͷչȻûҪ⣬һҲǿ˵
ֱյ鱨УħսıһƬ޾ĹǺ໷˵֮ҪǰƬǺɽˮվŰħԼ֮Ҫ򡣡
ħսԭһƬԼвȱԶַһƬǺһƬɽҰ
ҶٺҪƾԼ֮̽ҲԽӴޱȵħսꡣ
ԼвַʲôˣȻѾĿꡣħսܵϱĻҰԼǺ
Ҷٺת˲˴ʱΪΡ
䡭
ڴʱֻһɷ·رľڱ洫һޱȵǿƳһ֮ϵɱ磬·ܹմһ㣡
𡭡
ͬһʱ䣬ħХҵսվ·صǧ֮ҶٺҲܹϡ
ħսı棬Ҷٺǧ֮ĵطдսչ
ѵʲôرҪˣ
Ҷٺһ⣬תۼѾʧԭأǰδļٳǧ֮Ķ֮ɳ۶ȥ
ˣ콫ҵĵͼ
һ̤ɫƵӳǰ֮˴ϵ񽣻û񣬳ſڱգɫյžֱ졣
ԣվƽޱȣ·ֻǿһӣû˿ʵǽ̤ƵӻҪǿ
ߵǰվһ۵ӣüǧء
ӾյУ˫黮䣬ɷڵɱָȻ
ָ޾Եܹ֮ǧǣҲ⡣
ͼǺɫ׵һָٿһ֮ϴ˲ҷ
֮ͽ֮ǰ˷ȥɽ
ڴʱվһԵ˫ĿȻս⣬˫ֽǧӡⷽԲһ֮ڵշ·ѪȾһ㣬ѪһƬ
䡭
ڴʱһֱа׵ľ޴մŸһֱǷ·ҪػһƣձֲϢζ˲סս
Ǻεǿأ˷Ҳñ
ô˵ҲֻʳڵΪ󱳸ĵħԼħǷҲԽҶٺȫ
ƣħơ
־ɢħĵħֱ춥֮ϵմȥ
ѵħ½ණڴˣڡ
Ϊණٵȣ˫ӡһ䣬һ˫չа׳ľ޴֮չ̫ȼһУƬյ¶Ҳʮϰٶȣ
ড
⾹Ǵ˵еڣҲ̴գ˫䣬̫糱ȼ
ڵѾܹǹ֮˰
ֵȥ
Ȼڴʱһޱȵĳ¶ȶȻ½֣·𺮶
û˷ӦǳѾͻȻչ˫ҪĽǰԡƷνǽڽУ
ǳֱʮףֻȵǽڵԴСȴȵĽǽڽУ
أ
ء
˵ʱʱ죬һǳȻණٵǰԵȻ֮ɱ£
űǵڶţţеĿţ
ÿһµǳֶζһεӣĿǳѾ൱ڰ˱ǳ˰
ɾǰʺڵǿߵһ֮
ˡ
ֻһ죬ණѾҵѪ£ͬһ㵹
ԭҪɱĽҲɽɢֻɫĵԼΧ۵ҪһԲ۾ʱ䷢ľޱ䡣
ڣΪչҲ̫˰һʺڵ߶ܽɱˡ
ڴʱһƮӻҶٺ
Ÿոϵⷢ󶯾֮صҶٺһΧɷڵĹ֮ʱӪȣһغϱ㽫ɹˡ
ʱĹԼ֮ˣͲΧ۵߽һʯǰ
ʯʯʮ׸ߣԵúΰ֮вٷĹȻԶطȺҪЩԶ񹦡
Ҵҵֵܵ⣬ȥɣ
ҶٺȣߵȻڵ֮ϵණ٣ħ֮Ϻâ˸Ҫǿâɱ
Сֵܣǲô
ڴʱɣޱȵԶһɷ·Ҫؼѹñѹ
ʱ䣬˲вΧ۵ʵֱӱѹñ


303 
һҵϹǰȼˣ
ʱվھʯܣǼͨ߶ȵľʯΧŵĸѾӵʮһӵϵΪ
ȻƾЩߵĸ߳ΪȴȻƾձһϹǿѹѹñը
˸ָĿ⵱Уһβȵձ߻ڿûаɢ͸Ȼȴû˻Сŭ
ҶٺȻˣ¹֮Уȭȫµľ֮ȻΪֻڣȻӵİգһ۳ڵǿǰҲһܹʤ
ͷӲǺǰߵȵҶٺͷһ㣬ڵΪ
Ϲ֮ҶٺԴ˵Ȼֲˡ
αݼڡ
ݼڡ
ԭණһͬҪҹڻ߽ǻͷǰߣڻϳǡ
ͷͷһ٣Ӳҳ죬նʼƱã·ҪѪɫһ㡣
ֻо˸ĺȵȱȥٽѵǣһڵߵĴ򲻹
ձ߲ŸսѵԼûתҶٺѾܵһɷ·ʲô޶סһ㣬һǰδеΣ˲ȫ
һڵľǿϹĵⰡ
ܹôһҪ½֮ϵǿ߶ŭҶٺѾ۵Ķˡ
ȻҶٺȴôҲ˷ܲΪôһ̬ţɲǺģ
ҵľӢӵһŰĴڰ
Ц˵һ˫۵о˸ǳ
ͷҶٺôҲҫ֮аͷӲҪ˵ɱҵˣҪΪ˸ô
Թ°ȺҶٺͷ
ҵҵ½֮϶ĴŵҡҲССһɢޣôԺأ
ҶٺҲ΢Ц·֪ܹⷬһ㡣
Ž˼ҵĺӴɲзϣž˵˼ʢֵָĵطⲻǷҪô
Ȼǵ˱˻ҪԵı֣ñ˲Ѫô
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306 
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Щ˱ɵĹȻʵҲԭ߾ʵǱɿʦߵǿʵ

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Щվ߾ûôˣ˵Ȼ½½ֵıɥʧǵĹߣƾǰĹܹææˡ


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Ҷٺ΢Ц֪ΪССȴкøУȻҶٺҪ֣ѪеǷȥ֮ʱҶٺüͷһ·ʮ
ƺ鷳ˡ
ԭǷŻڻԶƶսѾ֪ʲôʱͣһľȻĶյеҶٺ·ʲôһ㣬һȻɱȻ
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֣սսΡΡ˵һֵ·ͬľżһʮеĲҫĵĹâޱܣ
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ʮ˵ӵжٸڵǿߣƾе߾ߣƾƽҶٺѹ
⻹Ҷٺһαǿ·һɱʲôǿߣʲôڵľ֣ôܹȵһ
Ҷٺ߿壬ƾһɱҶٺɢ
ĪҷŹǣǲ𣿡
Ҷٺת·ٴǿʢɱǵķ򼲳۶ȥһǧ׾ܹܵǵĺΰǽ֮£Ȼŵ֣˵
һһӳȥһҸط֪ľˣᱣġ
ϣϴȥ
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308 һ
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Ҷٺһ˿𾪣֣Ĳصͼ
Ȼôһ̺صܵĵͼҶٺôϤˣҶٺ֪Ǻá
ȥһƽǰɣ
ҶٺһѾ֣ԼĹͳǧ֮⣬Щȷû׷
ҪԸģҶٺǵˣ
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ħսǸһеĿռ䣬ƺƴһѾƵ˰
ɱǰٶ׵ĵطһԵ΢СޱȵİɫƥǰݣͬһֻҪѪڵӣҶٺ
ʱҶٺνǽ߾ȫҪ˲ʧƬ֮䣬ʱиܵ·ʮһǺεȿֲ
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Ҷٺźʱ޲ñһ˫
ʩչܹṩ¼ٵķо֮ҶٺȻ޷ǽǿɱУ
ǱɱԽʱգ·ܹҶٺҶٺܹԸ˵ġ
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վ֮µʮǿ߽һֻŲԶҶٺеĿϲ⡣
ҶٺʧӣʱǶĳͷ
ҶֵܣҪͰЩɲİȻҲ㣬ȴ㰡
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ҶٺЦûйƽϣȻסѾֻٶԶǳȥɱӽӽ·Ҫһ㣬Ҷٺս
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ֻҪǰɱҶٺȻȡЦһԿͷ
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ѾǰҶٺѾͷ֮Ƿ·ҪĳǽԼǱǿҶٺ޷ƽﰡ
ƴˣȥɣȺ
ҶٺŭԭѾΪǵҶٺͻȻϷһɣԭҶٺѪâѾƳԼߵʮ߳ȥ
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ŭǻٶױҪ嵽Լǰɱһ˫۾ѾŭƴȫԱ߷ɳ۶ȥ
ͬһʱ䷴Ӧģߣ
ԭԼٳǰеɱΪԣҶٺȻתһ̱ѾӦҪϷ׷ȥȴΪֱײǲԶǵĺڳǽ֮ϡ
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ҶٺҲܲ˰ѵҪ׸ߵĳǽ֮ϣѵܹΧΧʮΧɱбȫԼ
ȻǲܵˣǾҶٺҪͻΧ֮ʱһҶٺ·ִַ·ʲôľͷε·ԽŽĻꡣ

һףǧһ֮Եø̶Եù֣
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ңҵҵ찡ȣǵȴŴˣ
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Ҫ֪ǿٵľһЩ֮ϹҲҪ飬Ȼȴ޷ǽֺ
⿴ȥɢɭȻĳǽʲôĵ˰ĪڤĶħ𣿣
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ѻȸĽǴ֮ʱһޱȵĹƵĴǳ֮ѹѹĶѨдҶٺ

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˵ʱʱ죬ҶٺһѾԱ߷ȥ
ʮҶٺˣһ߶ҶٺȲޣȴҲǲ˼ĸҶٺһԱãһĶҶٺ
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ҪΪһ£ǾͻŹ㣬㷽ſǲҪǵء
ǷŴ´еŽµӱҶٺԺը


309 ȼǧ
ʲô޲ԱϤأǵУǿҪİ
ҶٺȻҪߵ༸±Ѿߵǰʮɡ
ǰѾΣ鲼ĵطǻһŻ㾡ҲֻԼ
ȻڳĸǴˣ᲻˭֪ʵΪҶٺĽթСӵĹأ
ҳԨǰ͹һذɣͲٺƽˡ
֮ǰҶٺ˵İߵа̻ҫ⣬ȴЦ
СӣҵᣬҪvң
ûзӦҶٺһЦҲûѾͬһͷԱһ㣬˸㾫⣬һգգǳĳȥʮ
ȻҶٺЩǰǵкιϵȴ֪Ҫõı߹ħսеܣͱѪֵ֮ǵУ
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ǳȻͬ޵޿һſԭվǾ֮ʮѾǵˡ
ڴʱԭռ˵ĿҰУһӶȻ֣һɫ֮ǶƣӺȻһǧ׾룬˿ȴǻͣס˽Ųһ˫ȤԶѪ
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ɪޱȵƬؼ䴫صѾ˲ʧյС

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Ѫɫ¹͸ѪȴǸǻһƬӰ
Ҷٺʮߵǰ֮ǰҶٺ˵İ߳Ԩǰ˽Сǰߣ¾˻ǵг˯֡
֪Щ˺ηȻžͲˡ
ǰո˵󣬾ܱǵصĺڰҲ˿壬Ȼֵ˵Ժ緶
ڴʱΪڵͷȴ߳ȻҪԼС£Ҫçײ
ձͷΪϻţ˵ⲻΪ̤֮·ǰһũΪһֱǾҵҵߵţһʹֱ˻ˡ
Ҷٺȴͨʶ֮൱ΪˣΪʱ˵һЩĻ
ʲôһǧǰĳôĪ㻹йɣ
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ҪұصĶүҹүڵΪ㹻סˣ
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Ҷٺ߾ֻʣϻţԨǰڵԼڵηη֪ߡ
ߣСӻǲ֪ߵغ񡣺ҹϲϮЩ֪ԼǳˣСĵ°ɣΣնǡ
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˵ҶٺͲһô֮ͱģĪǧǰĹһڵ߲ķ̵
Ҷٺ̵±˶˵ģɱһһȻɱѾǷſڵ֣ͬһɱֱʳɷ飡
СӣҪŭطȷ⣡ǿǱߡ
ϻţһص˵·𿴵ʲôֲ֮һ㣬۾ֱֱĶһľס
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ȻЩƽУȻ˼ҷƵţޱȣǵֻǹĴ
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ҶٺԸЩǽҹŵģΪһֿҪ׽ܵöࡣ
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ԭǴԸηǳȻ©ôһĵطʱֻӲͷƤ͸Źũȥˡ
ҶٺϻţǵڶũȥˣҶٺͬǵе쳡е档ӵʲôҲ˵أ


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ʱ˿̵ҶٺЩѾǧûжġˡѾȫľˣǵеҲ֪ʲô£ȻڶĴѧɫԼͬչһȫͬЦ⡣
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ҶٺŸսݵУĿһϻͼıڻҶٺǿ󣬿´ʱѾȵñɣ


311 ǧ
ȻݵУȻվšʮˣµϰգŹʵߡ
ǾȻǽӵһ𣬷·ʲô˾µ飬ַ·ܵޱߵľһ㣬оǹһЦһ߿޵ĸо
Ը߰ϢǧǰܣҶٺҳġ
Ҷٺо˸ֱݲߵСͨȥ
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ѵǧǰǱǱɱ˲գ۵Ķħɱһˣ
ȻЩϰ˼еҪط
ûͣãҶٺѾ׸ߵĽֱӳݵĲȥǲ֪ͨηƳͨԭѾûжΣеҶٺٴθܵǿҵΣУΣͨй
ǲؾǲر󡣡
ҶٺʱѾһݵĵµһ㡣
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Ҷٺɻѣ˵ͨǽ֮Ͽ̻ģǲؾԼرѾǲɶõĺأõ½ҲҪͷѪ˵µĶ
ҶٺŸ߽ǿȥޱȵĶڣ۱һ׳ĵΣޱȣһŨޱȵε衣
Ҷٺǰģֻһʯµֱ۴ֵӣ֪ԺβɣǼʵޱȡ
ΧƶɵľУȴȻеİɫ뵣ͬڵе˼񾳡
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εĹؼ֮Ҳûˣλʲôôأ
ҶٺͻȻ֮侹Ǹеһױȵļ£·Լᱻһǿޱȵһ㣬ʩչоҪӡ
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ҶٺȻ͵תо˸ֱֱ֮ڡ
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ħսеĹǣص֮µεУȻҶٺʶͬŮһŷֱܰҹ̸
ҶٺֻоԼ˫ȫʹѾֻʣεеӰȻǽ۵
ŷܰε
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ҶٺȻûܵεеشڵȻȤĴǵ֮ϵľֹ֣
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ҶٺŻûע⵽ֻһ̴СԲ̣Ҫ֪Ͽû˿ƽͬһƬ
εеشڵĵҶٺĻôһ
ʱҶٺѾܹȷεеĴھԲŷܰˣǴڲһܹƻҶٺĶ
ȻشھȻܹεдǧ꣬Ҳȷһ׵ˡ
·ǿҶٺǾֵֹεеĴҲȻҶٺˣһѲɣޱȵεдһܹóεеһϲͷҶٺֱŻ
Ҫ֪εеĴڷſǱŷܰƻҶٺİŷܰһϹͷǴྶͥ
϶ҪͰһЩˣǿҵڸҲҪŻθ㻹Ǹñǧа
Ҷٺһû˿˼½еһƴ֮ϣˡ졣
СһɲҪ̫֪ô˵ѾǸˡ
εеشҲŭƽ͵˵εɫƻá
ҶٺЦشڵвû˿ӦǼڴˣɲεеĴڻͻȻ˳ɱ
ǼֲģȴܹסεеǿڣӵĪߵΪˡ
ȻˣҶٺɲðĪķΪδ֮˽ѡ
εУƣǧⱻεеĴڱطԪ
ͨ񣬻ǲˣҲòطĹƣòϲ
ûҶٺǰݵеĽɴڿ¾Ҫʴûҷˡ
Ȼɴڿǧ꣬Ҷٺôһˣܹأ
ؼյĻᰡ


312 
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Ҷٺޱ飬ֹˮϲŭɫ˵Ҫ𣿡
𣬾Ҳң˵ԼˣشڲޱȵЦ
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شڼȵȴͻȻһת
ȻͲͬˣб㣬Ī˵Ϊ½ˣΪҲδɣ
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ǵı㲻Ǿֵֹעɱȫ֮ܽõⲻȫô
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ϿѾӵ඾ľͽɽͼ˰ºǾֹҲضˡ
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ǵģҶٺҪεеħųҪģҪħΪԸڵ
Ŀ֪𣿡
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εȴƣþòȻεеĴڳ˼Сֻ֮شڳ
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ͲܸһЩõĶô
Ҷٺ̾ϢҪת뿪ʱȴεеɫһ󱩶Ȼشļˡ

ֻǲɳƵͻأȴԵżѡ
㲻ųȥڵģŵΪʲôڣסΪ
Ҷٺ΢ЦʱڻתȥҪȥεеĴڽ⿪ӡ
õһЩôҶٺɲԸðΣأ
εеĴͻȻҪϾɱҶٺɾ޼ƿʩˡ
ǵģҶٺڶĲ
Ӯܽڲֻʳˣ
ˡ
а׸ߵ֮⣬׺ɫƣľֹ֮ϣ糱
Ҷٺ߶֮£ԭȻľֹ־ǿʼƬضڲס
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ʯβʯ䣬ֹ֮ϣһɾ޽еǿѹݺݳҶٺײҪҶٺˣԭƿؾֵֹĴܹעµܣ
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ҶٺȣȫǲסĺѪȻزڵϵľְֹ
εеĽɴ˵ֻҪҶٺܹ⾲ְֹֺܹ뿪ΣܵУ
ˡ
ڴʱҶٺȫ߶ԭµľֹ־ǾҲޱȵļҶٺҲΣ
һɫĻƥǾֹ֮ɢϯƬʯΣǽʯμޱȵʯڸи룡
ǧǰľֲֹڴ˴֮µĻǿƥƾҶٺĲҲҪü飡
ѾǾǧĥ֮½͵Ļ˰ʱڵӵкεǿܰ
ڴʱԭ̲ļҶٺǿд߶֮»תҪ
ľֹܹι̵ĽεеĴڷӡȴ޷ӵ㹻а
ȻǧǰΪ۵Ĵܣô֪潫Ĵڷųأ
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ڴʱβʱҡضһֱžҲ
һŨޱȵҷڣҪ֮ݶҶٺ׵壡
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ѹҪǿ󣬲ŸոһҶٺ鿪
ȽСˣҪˣСϻʸ񣡡
ҶٺߣҪ߶յеľֹ֣ȴǾֹ˿Ŀƣֻת²Ļɢݶ绢Ҫǳɫѹȴֻܱѹ
ľֹֹܹΪ֮ͨ
ο⾭ǧ֮ѾظľֹֻҶٺһ
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ҶٺŭħƸ֣ȭ˲߿ǳҫУҪεľѹסͬʱǳĿָ£
Ҷٺ亹ʪˣܹµ߻㷴㣬ȴǺǾֲֹУܼ̱ܹٿؾֹ֣
õǣҶٺ̱ᱻòʣ°ң
ȻڴʱҶٺеΣиΪŨң·һͷΪײľһ㣬ҶٺֻоԼıҪǿޱȵѹˣ


313 ٴ

ʯεУѹŨǿᣬƬҲѹòסҶٺֻоԼ嶼Ҫѹöˣ
Ѿǲ½Ѿܹӳˣ
ħսУȻ־֮ϵǿߣ
ˡ
ڴʱҶٺֻоԼ·˿ԶѾתǳҲֹ
ͬʱֹģǳҶٺĿԼɫ
羲ֹˣ
ҶٺֻǰһУ
Ҷٺ֪УһԼԶĿ⴩ԽԽϣֱֱҶٺϣ
ҶٺֻоԼ¶һ˲䱻һ͸һ㣡
һĿ⣿
ϲޱ֣ӵеֻһƬޣû˿Եǣ
ΪҲֹֻܱ˸ӵкεǿƥΪ
ء
һ촫ҶٺУѾЩɫͬˮһ㵹أ±ѹεУͬʱ˻ȥģǾҪץҶٺϵĿ֡
ǡءһǱҶٺĵ˼¶յеľֹҲͬһ㱻ݺݵڵ֮ϣǡԭڷǾֵֹλãһ
ãƽϢֻʣҶٺһ˶֮⡣
ǿֲޱȵѾʧӰ٣ҲѰټ·ֻһ
Ȼû
̶ŭһ㵽˭ôᶮ˵Ĺ
ʲôǸ˭
Ҷٺ𾪣ٴһöذըҶٺޱȡ
ҶٺĪ߾Ȼ֪ȭ
ĪǧҲط
ϲʶȤ͸Ͻ֪ĸңȻٽڤڤеĴɲзϡ
Ҷٺɫεеɫ˵
ҶٺѾǵĳһ䣬һͬǧǰϹʱػȻҶٺͱˡ
ȻҶٺвѾصεеȴһ¿ˮ̵ӣһҲҶٺ
ͲҪ˵ˣҲκιϸģ㻹ȥɡ
ϴҲϲ
ϲҸҲҪŷùɣ
ҶٺüͷһߣҪ뿪ʯΡ
ظ죬췭ǬתһΣֺαء
ҶٺӰҪȫʧεʱһ̾Ҷٺ
ҶٺҡΣĲħ䣬вϻơ
һΣҪҲһΣͷֻһϹ־Ǻ˼
ҶٺʱѾߌݵĵͨѾݵС
ôĶȻû˿仯
Ҫ֪εпǴһ컹ҪǿĴڰȻһ֮Ȼû˿仯ݿҲͬ졣
ϻţԼ˵ȥأ
ҶٺȻûҶٺߌݣһӰѾݵſڣסҶٺȥ·
ϻţô
Ҷٺϻţԭǰģȴôһ̌ݵſڡ
ҶСӣôոǶǡ
ϻţҲһҶٺʱҶٺϿνǲ֮¶Ѫ
ҶٺεеԼǵĳǿߵľѹѹȳơ
ҶٺԭϰѪӵ˸ŽĲ壬Ѿǧˡ
ûʲôһˣѾҽҡ
Ҷٺʼ磬·ֻ˵һ֮ͨһ㣬˵
ǼǶȥôˣûҵ𣿡
Ҷٺôһ˵ϻţĪĳ̾·ʲôѿ֮һ㣬ҡͷ
ҲûʲôˣǱһס˰ˡ
󷨣
Ҷٺȵ漴Ҳͻˡ
ǧǰĴסĵطûмػأ½ǼסС
ϻţ˵֮£Ҷٺ֪ȥ
ԭǼҶٺǼ˶жҵһޱȵĺΰԭҪǹд󷢺ƵǻδȽǹУȻѾǹǰһסˣ
ȵϻţеǵط֮ʱϻţֻһ˸ͬһĻ󣬻ߵӰ
ȻƾϻţʵصĸԣҲóȻΪ߽⿪ҪأҶٺ

𣿡
Ҷٺǰа׸ߵĹϹȻǱȻŵˡ
Ҷٺϻţǰһ׸ߵĹϹһĺޱȵҹ飬·ʱ̶Ļꡣ
վǰҶٺҲһһСо
⹬Ĵ֮һ˸ķ·𵰿һķ󾲾Լ佫ڷ֮ĴŸڸסˣԿ֡
Ҳֻܹߵ̫ˣҲûҶٺǰ㾭˲ٽѣ׵ҵôһĹ
ȴձһ󷨸ǹĴ֮ˣȷʵòź
ȥǰɡ
Ҷٺ˵ҪǰԶķȥкâ˸Ҫ޼᲻ݵĺâǷ֮ϡ
㲻⹬Щô
űϻţо˸ޱȵͫû˿ǣǳ


314 ʬ
һ·ϣϻţûٸҶٺ˵ŵĲ²⣬ҶٺľһҲ⡣
ŹޱȵϻţҶٺ֮߳ʱĶҶٺ˵ݿһһ㡣
һ·ʱҶٺʲôطܻбɱħ״ֲߴڡ
ϻţһصˣʵֻô򵥣
ҶٺԴʱѾǵĳǲԶĽɫȥֻյУһɭѪâķźƵħǷȥ
䡭
ֻһ죬ԭתķҶٺϬһҵһȴҲûжĶ

ڴʱǽɫġǡͻȻһ޺ѾȥʱĽӵĺͬʱĻ༸ﲻĺı󷨵ˣ
ȻڴʱϻţȴǼæҶٺ䣬ҪֹǼС
쵰ȻͷҶҪ㺦ˣ
ϻţŸ˵꣬ͷȥֻһӰҶٺ
ͷӾȻҪҶٺȥˣѵͷĸ֪ʲôΣգֻǵС£
ˣȽƵ
Ҷٺǧ似ȭѪֻءӰȵǿ似ȴֻǽǷ죬κ֣
Ƿޱȣ²ҶٺܹƳİ
ҾͲƲⷨǧȥˣڴ˴
Ҷٺŭȣһâ̫ѾǿܣͬʱֵĻȭ߿ǳ
ҶٺҪǿǷƳ
ˡ
ͬӤĿһ㡣
ԭžޱȵǣʱױ⾪춯һսѣ
ֲҲҪòرǧ
ưɡ
ڴʱֻҶٺЦһйâٴδǣǿڵľǿ󣬷·ɽһǷ֮ϣҪһѹ£
ء
ֲϯؼ䣬ǷԲһ֮ڵҲ˲䱻ƽ
ǷԭѾ֧ǧ꣬ʱܹҵסҶٺڵ˳ʱ䣬ѾǼΪǿĴˡ
ͬһĽɫҪʣҶٺҪʩչоǺΰзȥ
ҪĿɲҪǻеˣҪǹе
Ȼڴʱ
ûҶٺжһֱǻΣͻȻǿʢ
ͬһʱ䣬һβ֪ӺδѪͻȻҶٺͷϣҶٺ򺮲
Ѫꣿ
ҶٺأȻ̧ͷУֻյв֪ʱȻޱȵѪˮǻ˵Ѫ
ŲƬ̣һƬѪѾҶٺϣǺΰ֮ϣǵ֮ϡ
⣬Ѫḯʴ˵꣡
ͻȻ֮䣬Ҷٺһͬһ㳯ǲԶĹڼ۶ȥƾǵϵĲѪ꣬Ѿޱȵ·һʹ
ѪǣйǺ
һ޵ӰѪ굱еεȻǻǵеĹ»Ұ
ԭžޱȵǴ˿̸Ǵһ˵ζ
Сӣ֪Щʲô𣿿ͷܽȥ
ڴʱûҶٺȫǹУһޱȵŭӺ󷽴
Ҷٺתͷֻһͷƴĳߵķ
ϻţ
ۡ
ҶٺŸߵǺɫǰԭյž򿪣ǹеһƬڣ·޵졣
ҶٺŸҪ߽ǹУѾһָֻסˣβҶٺϻţ
ʱϻţһҶٺ˫۵˸⣬·ڹҶٺһ㡣
ͷҶѾ֪㣬򲻿ʱȴһѪˣʴĹϻţֵ˵
ҶٺȻס΢ЦȴȻǷͷӣޱȰ
Ҫߣôߡòײߵҿɲȥ
ϻţߣҶٺ۴С
Ҫ֪߼ϻţҶٺҶٺмҪҪƿڴ
ⲻǺĳϻţĶô
Сӣҿ󣡡
ϻţŭһѽҶٺĸ첲ץסӲĽҶٺץתȥ
ҶٺȴǱϻţĴץþʹ
ǡ
ҶٺУֱ˿Ȼ¿йѪ굱е龰Ŀɿڴ
Ѫ굱Уһƾʽ׵ִìϸ꣬ǵ߶죬춼ѹֵս⣡
ЩȻʱҶٺǰԭҪѪ굱֣
ʲôЩû˼ʬ⣡
ҶٺȵȻǶЩΪȻ
֮ǰʮҶٺܾ֣ȻǰʮʮҶٺ֮ģ
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ͬһʱ䣬ҶٺԵϻţͻȻҪֽҶٺһߣ
ˡ
ҶٺŸһŻķѾ泯ҶٺҶٺѾ㿪ȴȻϻѪۣ
ƾҶٺĲ壬ȻǱѪۣжǿ󰡣
ЩǻѪ굱еȻҶٺֻһҶٺˣȻѾ֮ʮսԱʵ˰


315 
Ͻҽȥ߲ˡЩƺ϶Ҫ㰡
ϻţӲǳҶٺܶҪҶٺǺɫС
Ѫ굱еս˸Ѫ죬սѪֱҶٺкȥżмѪҪϻţıȥȴǱܶеϻţױܿˣ֪ɺϻΪ
ء
ڰϮɫžҶٺϻţŸ̤ŵУصľѾȻرգֻҶٺϻţѾǧĹС
ô죬ǾȻУ
Ҷٺɫ糣˿ֻµ⹬һ״
⹬Ĵ֮ϣ䣬ʮ֧ͨڱ֮ǰȼգǺڰԵİ֡
ƺһʲôĹȥһ°ɣ
ϻţҲһ֮ǰޱȵ̬ȣкһ˿ĪζǱ˵
ͷ¶Ϻβ˰ɣһֱװúʲôƵġ
ҶٺһЦҲ˼ɢݳѹ֡
ϻţҲͣתǱȥһڵЦͣ
ٺٺ٣ûжĺôͷôأЩ޹ؽҪĶ
Ҷٺ̣ĬϼһֻŲ㽫Щö˻Կɡ
ȻڴʱδҶٺǴеıȥҶٺٴأȻһǿҵΣУ·ʲôͻȻĳԵһ㣬ǵϻţĪ
оô
Ҷٺ˵һ˫۾ɻȻܳΣ
ͱˣطˣʲôŹֵ£
ϻţһص˵·һһ㳯Ǳȥһߴ󺰴е
ͷҶⱦԽԽϲʹȥһɣ

ڴʱžޱȵĹͻȻһ죬·ʲôѵһ㡣Ҷٺϻţһǹϲ㡣
ж棡
ҶٺȣҲϻţܣѾԼٳǹĵڶȥ
ϻţһȣմǱŷҶٺѾǳǱĵڶȥ󺰴
ޣСӹȻǾúܣҪıؾ˵
Ÿ˵꣬ϻţѾһ㳯Ҷٺڵĵطȥ⹬ɭޱȣ¥ҲǷ·һ㣬ޱȡ
ϻţҪ׷Ҷٺ֮ʱʮ׸ߵĽյľžȻ֨һ죬һϸѾ֣
ǵҽôأ
һѺѱֱΰĹоþƣҶٺϻţֱĿ⵱УһѾվǹľŵС
ԭѾҪϵ⹬¥Ҷٺ˿ûͻȻֵνǰȻƴϱܣѾܹǹڶеһɢԼͲûʩչоֱǰȥˡ
ƾЩǧ겻Ȼ˵ķܹƵϼˣ
ҶٺܹܵõǷ֮ɢŨħ
ȻҶٺ׼ʮķչ֮ʱһεľӲǽҶٺסɵֵɰѣ
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ϻţɫƣʲôֻһͨһ㣬ûɢ˿ѹ
ƾҲеıأûţ
ֻϻţһмŭӽŭ׵
СӣҲԼＸҲͷҶؼҳȥɣ
Ҳŭһ˫ŭһɷ·һȻһߴЦһ˵ĳ⹬Ķ¥ȥ
˵űߵ֮ʹ˱ˣɱҶ˵Ķ⹬˿ɲһͨɫŶ
ϻţһԭһϮɫ۵ĽѾ֪ʱʧӰ٣ޱȡ
ܲΪʲôأ
ҶٺЦ˵û˿ޡ
Ҫ֪ԭֻΪߵħսѾ˲ΪͨǿߣѾҶٺһڵ߿Բֵˡ
ʲôģűȽϺˣҪϻţִףţһʮҲܵ£Ҫ˵һʲô𣡡
ϻţߣһ־Ӽ˵ʲôˣС֮ĶȾ֮ˣˣ
ϻţû˵꣬վԵҶٺѾ·һ㼱æ
ⲻΪϻţ˵һЩ󻰣ΪҶٺܵϻţͻȻһɱޱȵĻԻأ
ˡ
ڹϻţɢݶ˷ڶȥ˷
ǧļ̹Ҳ⶯֮΢΢·Ҫһ㡣
ΪһӣӾĲˣˡ
ϻţɫ䣬һȣԭ糱һǿޱȵѾ˲ƽϢûзҶٺ󾪣
ϻţǺηʥȻħƵĹҲܹƽϢⲻҶٺԭһֱԵͷӾȻһ֣
ʲôǲǷͷһǺ˧ģ֮ǰҪҵĻˡ
ϻţһ޳ܵ˵·˵ʲôṦΰһ㣬ҶٺϻţһôҲ̫ûиֵķ緶˰ɡ
𡭡
ŵǹĵڶ㲻ãǹ֮Ͼͱһ庿УڹҲҲ·Ҫһ㡣
׷ʨʧǧ޾Ȼڴ˰һڣͲˡ
ڴʱǹ֮дһЦűһҽȻ׷ʨĲҺˡ
ǽȻǹѰһͷޣ


316 
ϻţһߣʱҲٲˣһѽҶٺץǹڶϣܻ¡졣
ʲôƨ𣬿ͷ
ϻţŸһ˵꣬Ѿһֱ۴ֵһţѾǹĵڶ㣬ءһըǧ𻨡
ͬһʱ䣬ҶٺѾϻţԽӽ˲Ƶٶȵϵڶ㣬۶ĵط
ڶǽȻûȡߣǿȥð
ϻţȡֽҶٺû˿ʣе˭رҪĶѡ
ȻϻƿȴȻû˿ݣһ߼һ˵
ʲôЩеצҲȲϣǷͭǺö
ҶٺȴǲΪȻطʼոһΣķĸоԴ֮ǰֹͻȻΣкˡ
ȻѾϹ֮ҶٺȴٵˣЩΣѾתڸˡ
⹬ĵڶ㣬ħڡȼա֮ϳһ˸ıףĴһĸо·޻š
ϻţѾͨĽȥ¥Լ춯ѾԽԽС
ǿǵ󣬾ǰƱϣ氡
ҶٺŸճ⹬ĵ㣬㿴ǽһưһͷʨӵͷϣһЦ˵
⹬ĵ㣬һ޴ŷΪ룬һ֪Ժβʽɵܣǧħ뵵Ĺżǧ
һ׸ߵħ䣬ķ
Ǿ֮⣬һͷޣһʨһʨд棬ʨѾϡ
ֻʣһʬĬĬںڰĹ¶
𡭡
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׷ʨϣjĴߴ֮£͵ĳϻţȥ
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ҶСӣͷСʨӺ˶ٰ
ϻţҲңһֻһʨֻצءһҌʮ֮⣬ǲס
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ϻţܲһսߣȴ·һɽĲβƺƴֱ⹬ļǽڸѹý飬ȻҶٺȴֻܵһ΢ѹȴҲѾѹ
j쳤ǴһѪɫĪѹҲѹüǹǽҲȻ䵹顣
ǼС棬ơ
ϻţʯһ䣬һ״СֺȻ磬ӲǽܳѹѹȥֱӳȻڿĲȥ
䡭
һ촫ѾʮԶѪһͷҲҶٺĳϡˣС
ϻţȻһƽĹˣҶٺĿࡣ
⽵ڵǿڰϻţҲһ̬ͬϹ
ҶٺҵǣԼûСͷӣȻѾϹһˡ
ڴʱϻţҶٺͻȻһɲԼ¿
ԴӽѪԼȭħϰ֮ҶٺľѾ˼ı仯
˵֮ǰҶٺһ°ţʱҶٺѾһɱϵľħ
֮ǰܻΪͻıʶңҶٺȴǻڱͻʱûʲô̵ĺô
ũٲݣɱʧ
Ҷٺ˫֮һΪ΢Ķ΢ɲ죬һɫζƣ漴ƮɢյУĵ㡣
ϻţԼڼҵսУټҶٺĽС΢ԼǶũٲݵķǷҶٺС˷
ûũٲҶٺԸϾ綾ǧɢɢЦɢ쵤ҩΪҩǸ֮ϵĽҩöɵľ綾˲֮ʹ࣬ʱ֮ڱر
֮µҲ޷ľ綾ô˵ֻҪǱⶼũٲݸζ̤֮·
ƾҶٺӵеƽⶼũٲݵĽҩܹסڵ
һ棬һغϻţѾͣϢͬͷƴϻѹޱȵղһ
ȻڴʱડļŲϡͻأޱȣ·ħĽŲ֮
ûǧǣվȻְ
һЦĴ·Ծ֮⣬ַ·ԽʱնҶٺëȻ
ֻһӻǹĵڶ̤ԴһϰŭһϮ˿ͬҹеĻߡ
Ц⳹̣ԭϻţò˵ǿѾǻʴˣԭΪԼǵưԵİ
ȴôļϹǰȹﻹҪĳ̬
ҹʣôҲˣ
𾪵ǰһ̻յƵҲѾɢǽϿԿһ˿ԼľţȻǶνҹʵ˼ɵޱȡ
ҹʾʲôݣȻһڵǿҲҪ
ҶٺԴתҹ֮ƺ
ѵǡ
Ҷٺһ˿Ҳò԰ףҹǺҲˣ


317 ˴ս
ڴʱҹȴĸоվǰ˵ı仯¶һ˿ѰζЦ⣬Ц
ԭֹЩϼһСҲﰡ
ǵģҹʾλ˵Ĵ֮һŷɥġʡ֮һҹʣ
ȻŲҶٺⲻڵ߿֪ģѾҶٺǸο漰ˣ
˵ΪαҶٺ˴뻹ܹ½֮ϣΪдӣΪӵвǿڣ
ȻҪ֮ںڰеˡ
һܹӵһϵǿھܹЦ½ˣοڻӵı̬
Ƿּ䣬½Ҫµı̬ڰ
ҹʣʲô˵ĸϽ˵ͷҿûʲôʱϹ
ϻţ˵·վ˵Ĵһ㣬Ŀла˴ڡ
ҹԣһ˫ҹ۾ֱĶ͵ϻţ˹â˸
վϻţԵҶٺҲеһɷ·ѹһľǿѹԼᱻѹʱѹ⽴
ȥĵطûвܵģ⹬ĶҪˡ
ҹʻƫͷȥޱȵ·Ծĵű㲻ϻţǹĵĲ㻺ȥ
ҹʲŸһʧǰһǰƣɫ˵
ҹʣҽôôһˣҪҵĶʹҵİͼ
Ÿ˵꣬ǽѾһɫһȦȦɫۼףԵǷ
ֻɫһβͬʧҶٺϻţǰ
ͼʲô
Ҷٺʱǰϻţһɽ¶ˮĺݽɫҹʶ̬֮ϾͿԹһ
ӵмǿĿɽΪΪڡʡ֮һҹôˡ
ϻţۼҹԼѾʧǰҲżֻɫĵǻһߴ⹬һߵ٩
⹬ǧǰһλħߵĹ򲻿˺Ĺģ
Ÿ˵ϻţȥʼҶٺʡ
ǰͼʵһƻһùϣഫǿٵ֮ʱؼصףλǰͼʵǲˣͲö֪ˡ
ҶٺϻţĻƿԡ
⿴һͷӵĹȻڳԣ˵ǳԴеİͼƶʲôҵ찡
ϻţûй˼ҶٺıȻԹԵߵǾڵϵʬԣҶٺ˵
Ȼ׷ʨȡˣǺôҲһЩջɣħʬɣǺöķܲ顣
ȻˣҲˣٺٺ١
ҶٺϼһҶٺͿװģͷӲˬˣռһôС
Ÿսħյ˰ʯռ䵱еҶٺ˵ǲȥôȻöҪǵõ˰
ö⹬ﲻʲôöǰĲԤǶԵģѺͷҵ㣬⹬ܿһ֮ذ⹬ҪﵱƷҹԼв˳ϻţ̧ͷ̾Ϣ
Ʒʲô˼
ҶٺɻȻû˵꣬ҶٺϻţվĵѾ·Ҫһ㣡
¡
ڴʱѹķҶٺֻоԼâΧƣɲǼҪѹûҷ
ҶٺȻɢ޾ϢĽâиܵһ˿ɷŹиܵǿѹ
ϻţɫ䣬ʱңзɫı֡
ֻϻţתһ߷ѵĴ
ҹʺͽǹĵʲôȻͷҲ
Ҷٺ󲻽⣬ϷĶܹǲв
Ҷٺһ׳ӵϻţʱֱһƴҶٺͷϣҶٺһͷĿѣ
ֻϻţСӰԼ֪һ⹬ɣ⶯ڶļڶǴʲôˣڷĿһ󰡣
ǧǰľʲô
¾ǺǰԷħɷŹǿȵĴڰ
˵ܹǧԨǧ֮õİԷħ󣬾ɷŹҶٺܵһͨ쳹صĻ
ѾҶٺϻţܹƵ󷨰
ˣǧǰĴôڤ統
󣬸ȥɣ֮ҹ
ڴʱһɣԶ漸ĹűǽĲҺԼ죬ʲôޱĴ
ҽ֮·ߣ֮
ͬһʱ䣬ŭ쳹ؼ䣬ĵҲҲ˼
ƾ⶯ҹʺͽƺʲôĽɫսУȻ⹬ҲѾҪǾ󷨸סˣѵҲô
Ȼϻţ͵ȲˣֻϻţһŭҶٺǵĲ㱼ȥŲգۼĹѾǵ㡣
ʱĹֱһ㡣
ԭѾ⹬˵ĵߴף֪ΪֱܹԼΧƹܵǾɫܹѾͷ֮ϵѪԼȻһƬǣԿѾ⹬Ũħ
⹬ĵǹǳֻ׳Ŀռ䵱УĽǸһиħ
һȼպɫħĻ淽оİڷһһ׼У˪£ò졣


318 ũٲ
С
ŸճϻţȻһһħ浱еУд˲;裬૵
ǿҵħϢʲôӵ׺ϢǴ֮
ϻţеҶٺͬоôһֲĸо֮ǰܵΣеԴͷ
ʱҶٺͷ·һʱᱬըըһ㣬ŨޱȵΣгܣһĸоһֻϢ
еаڷŵĶؼ䣬Ҫ½÷ӿ
ͷӣϽæվ
ڴʱҹǱħĴֻҹʵӰʱ֣ÿһ仮âŨһϢҲŤ
һ棬ԵøΪǷ
ֻ̤һɫֳһϻԵĻÿһһǿޱȵ죬⹬ĵ¶߲١
ড
ҶٺʱһХͻȻҶٺȻеһɾޱȵΣгܣȴԶһ֣
ֻһͷڵĴ·һ㳯ҶٺֱҪҶٺһɱ
һͷʵǿޣϺڰħŰ䣬Ҳ޷ӽ֡
Ǳе֮ħѬѾãϵħѾǿҶٺĲĵز
󣬸£
ϻţվҶٺԣЩӽҶٺ֣
ֻϻţһֻ֮Ͻ˸Ƴˡһ㽫Ǻɫʮףֱ䵽ĻУ
ЩѾڵΪ˰ǻûҲû˰
ϻţڹҹʵĺڱԼɫԳĵ㵱й֮ڵ޶Ѿͷ
ˣ˶ѾˣҲԿʼħˣ
ҹȻһ˵ֵͷޣȴȻԵȻޱȣ·겻
ԭҹʳٳٲΪҪϻţҶٺ
ҶٺΪҹǲΪԼ㲻ͷ޲Żһٶأ
ȻһҶٺֻܳԼС֮ĶȾ֮ˡ
ֻҹ˫ǧӡյжȻһƬڰһޱȵѹܣ
һƬɱ·ʱһһ㣡
ҶٺֻоԼӲҹʩչ似Ȼܹʱգ
ݡ
ֻһХıޱȵĲҺѪĽ
ͷ޾Ȼҹʵһ֮˲ش
ħѾȡʾȥˣλԱ㣡
ڴʱҹǷ·ħһ⹬촫
ҹԭѾȡҽҪ뿪ˣȻ뿪˴ķ
Ȼڴʱ
ֻۡһ죬ԭֲָĺڰ˲ʣ¶⹬ԭ״
ԭҪ뿪ҹʾڵأһѪͬɫڵϣҹ³Ѫ
жۡ
˵ʱʱ죬һߵĽҲһ͵һںѪȻأǽµĲҲɢΣ
ҶٺǰµĶũٲЧˣ
ҶٺѰζĿ⵱УҹԼѾͬľ׮һ㵹ڵϣѪĭ磬ͬûϵķһ㣬ޱȡ
¶
˫ϣԹϻţԼҶٺȻǿⶾµˡ
ܽҪǰ쵰ûҷȻȴʹ
ûûֻǿ֮࣡
Ҷٺ㡭
ͬһʱ䣬վҶٺǰϻţҲһŵҶٺһĨѪ۴ĿޱȣԭϻţҲҶٺµĶũٲˣ
Ϲ涼һ̤½ҲҪΪ֮ڣ뵽ᱻҶٺëСӰأǱѾ޾綾Ĵ˰
ٺٺ٣ϼһҲоµһ찡ôᰵأҲˣôܵأ
Ҷٺ˫һ˦һƬɫѾϻţϡ
ꡭ
һĺϻţ磬ţǸϢ
ֻϻţڵһںѪɫҲˢһѩףȴܹվˣҫ
ҩӶҩһһǸǻҩʲôϵ
ϻţùҶٺ䴫
ǸϽ뷨ȥɣũٲȷܵУҲһЩ˳⣬ҹʣ⽵Ҫ綾Ȿˣ
ȻϻţŸ˵꣬һǵضĿֲѹȻ٣ֱҶٺϹͷžֱ죬Ҫ˲
ֻ⹬㣬һ׸ߵĺɫ߾ħԱգҪҶٺɱ
ԭڵҹѾʧӰ٣
ϻţŭһ˫һңһɫӡֱ̣ݺȥһҶٺƨһţ˵
ҹѾ۵ľ磬ڰҲܶãһ⻯ľ綾ȥս
䡭
һ죬·׹䣬ϻţһƷ·ӵһ㣬ûа㷴Ӧ
ͬһʱ䣬ݺһŵҶٺͬڵһֱˤڵصзȥ
ûõģڼкҹкҹбʣɣһ
ڴʱҹǹϿµҶٺ֣ҶٺֻоһֻħץҪ˺ɷ飡
۸Сھô
ϻţ˫Բɣ˫һȵת
⻹Ҷٺһθܵϻţʩչ似Ҷٺĸ֪УǧֱǳܵĺڰޱһУ
Եηɱ
ǧ⵱УƵƬն·ҪѹһҹҲֻǿһбѹñըɢյС
˵ҹʵĹɱ˫ôϻţھԵķбñޱȣ


319 
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ͬһʱ䣬ͷѾҶٺȥԭѾҪһצ˺Ƭȴڴ˿̱ĪѹѹһŧѪ
ҿ
Ҷٺһҹʻɱ֮ҶٺܵΣ޼ҶٺǺȻǰԶıгȥ˲ԪħƣҪץǲʮԶУ
򵥣Ҫⶾһˣ
˵ʱʱ죬ԶڵĽһ̲Ѫˮ֮ϣԭߴ׳ѸٸɱֻһŭһСɫѾųѪӰХ
ȻĪԼһҪ֪ǻΪֱµ
Ѿںֱӵ䵽ڳڡѾ㹻ˣǽֱӴԽʱգкХȥ
Сӣ㡭ն
ϻţһûҹʵĴڣϻţѹʱһɣ˫ֻ䣬һű޾ϼ⣬ֱӳڽȥ·֮ϣһգ˷Ҫ谭ǽȥ·
Ҷٺʪ͸Ǳ亹ʪĺ
Ҫ֪ʱڵľֵĿս֮°вҪǿ񱩹˺ѳƬ
˵һɿǰǿҵΣУ·ܹ˲Ҫһ㡣
ʱҶٺҪʤˣΪѾǱˣ
ɫı֮ϲɢһ⣬Ҷٺ
ŸմУҶٺ͸о׹һ㣬ЩҪ׳Ϊˡ
ҿ
ҶٺȣǧһֱееҪԳĿˣ
Ÿսд򿪣ӭıһǿҵĺ⣬һޱȵĻϢ͸·Ҫ죬ݻһ㣡
䡭
ڹ䣬ԭ΢΢ĹҲǾҲ£·׹˿
ҶٺѾܹа׵ʮף׼ȷ˵ʮף
ҶٺϽߣһħ
ûҶٺӦϻţޱȵͻȻ·ߣַ·Զǧ꣡
ô£
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ûûɫʣֻʣǰ˸ħУ
ʱҶٺ׹ҹʸûȥͬһͷѪһݷԣ͵Ŵ˿̷ɱһ
һƬ޾ĺڰֱҪӡҶٺ굱УҶٺݺڰУ
ҶٺֻоԼǧɽѹһ㣬·Ҫը
ũٲݣûа취ҩѾǹȥʷˣũٲҲҪ׻ʷ̳
ҹǿֲ쳹Ҷٺ飬ҶٺֻоѹУʶģҪޣ
ҹڰʴһУҹʣֻҪкڰĵطĴڣ
ˡ
ȻڴʱҶٺڵĺڰռ䵱Уһҹʵͻأ𣬿ֲޱȵֱսѣǡýЩ޵еҶٺѹ
ŸѹҶٺڿǺɫħɢȥ֮ееʲôˣǾȻһͨڵ޾ѪɫħƳ֣·һĳҶٺգ˼۾
ħȻգ۾
ҶٺױˣԺͻȻһͷǹĴ˵
ʷϣħ۵ԼģֻǱԶŴһϵħԴ֮ϵˣ
ħ֮
ħ޾ɱ߽֮ǿħ񣬽õħɹ
Ҷٺܹõħ֮ҪΪ½ܵеĴ˰ڵǿҲϰĴڰ
Ȼһ룬ҶٺĿ⵱УǿŴ޾Ѫɫɱ¾Ϣħ֮·˼۾Զ
·ڵһ׵˺ҹʵ似Ȼٴ׵ƿǹļǽԼΧľֻһһ׿ĺڶ˲ʧҶٺǰ
ǣħ֮
ҹʵͳͬһʱ䣬ǽҶٺܲ͸ĺڰѾͬѵĵһ˲飡
ԭϻţľǿѾֻ΢һ㽫ҹʲµ似ɷ顣
ߡ
ڴʱϻţأȻȣԶҶٺѾһ޷ܵĴеյУҪͷֻ֮ʣһϸĿɳ۶ȥ
ҶٺҪħ֮ƿĿӣȻǱҪѾҲһݵĹһͬˣ
ڴʱһХȻֻǽѾͬһǿǰЦؼ䡣
һһС׳վɣͲˣ
⽵ȻҪҶٺϻţǰ뿪ɾ͵ҶٺǵٶȰ
Ҫ֪ͷ֮ϵĿѾֻʣһ˴СˣٹһҪʧ˰
ˮͰϸɫۼ׼ԵǷ
ֻͬһ磬˲ѾݵһӵĿ֮ϣӲǼ˽ȥȻⲻһҺ
ߣ󣬸һ
ϻţݵǰΣ⽵Ȼռĵ·ⲻǷҪǵ·ô
ֻϻţ˫һţһ״ϸӡѾγɣֱβץȥ
ͬһʱ䣬һȦѾСĿ֣֮ϻţʩչ似Ҫ̶Ŀռ䣬Ȳǽ뿪ܹǿס
Ȼֻһ죬ԭܹץסľ־˸գӲǴβ֮ϴ˹ȥ·õһ㣬Ҷٺϻţһ
ͷӣû뵽ɣôױץסأɲͨ尡Ǳ갡
һѾʧҶٺϻţǰѾԶˣ


320 ħ֮
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ҶٺϻţѾƲĹȴڲͣĶУٹһֱҪص֮ˣ
Ҹӿµǣ֮յУԭǸ߹ҵѪɫϣȻ
ԭһƬҴЩɭվǻ仯ͬһտһ㣬ޱȣ
һѪڻ
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Ҷٺô֪ԼһγֵʱǺ£ʱħսҲԶرˡ
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ħ֮ħ֮ϻţ·һ˵˸żΪΣյĹâҶٺһ
ֻϻţһ˷ܵҶٺе˵Ľɽͼóͷһã
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ҲҪ뿪طɲϣǧ֮ĺٴνħս֮ǵзϻţ߸ʬ
ŸճڿУɽͼһɿޱȵϢܱпɱ룬ǽɽͼһܹκζ磡
ˡ
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ҲֻϻţڵĴУɽͼŷӳ󲿷
ֻǽɽͼѾϻţָ֮£˲͸ֱӽ⹬Ķڸû˿ƽ֮ȴѹ
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ҪͻҲܹɱľҲΨ񼶱ˣ
ϻţ£һɰԵѹȻ俴սһ㣬Ҳθ߲١
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⽭ɽͼԭƳ汦
Ҷٺ˵⽭ɽͼ˳ڵģ⹦ܣʲôܴأ
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ڴʱյеѪѾѪɫ𽥵ȥʧĻԼʮ
Ҷٺ˴ʱ˿̻ʮȥ˺η
ˣ֪켸˵ΣûпǴ߳ѵȥˣ
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ڴʱҶٺأȻ̧ͷо˸һ򣬷·ʲôΣһ㡣
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֮ǰҶٺĸӦħ֮Ĵڣϻţǵ˺ŷ֡
ҶٺָһѪӯķ˵ҹʣǸһоħ֮аϢ
ҶٺȻܹ֪ҹڵķ
ⲻϻţĪ
Ҫ֪ΪҲҹٹ֮û˿취ȻǰֻڵСӾȻܹ֪ķλ
ȻҶٺҲӵԼصķģǱǶũٲݣ
Ҷٺܹյвһ˿ũٲµĺۼȻǲʲô˶ֵܹģֻжڲҩ֮輫ۼũٲݵ֮˲ܹġ
ҶٺҰУһ͸˿Ҷٺ쵽ϷȻϸ֩˿ȴû˿ϣ
ȻǱũٲݲס֮˻һʱ޷Ƕũٲݡ
˴ʱϻжũٲݵģҹʱ˱ûˡ
ֱǱũٲռݵǣϻţҶٺĽҩˡ
Ǵħ֮ȥ֮ʱʧӰҹȻȥ׷Ѱħ֮ˣ
ħ֮Ƚħһħͷ
Ϊڵͷϴ֮һҹʿɲ̼һʱвڰΣħͷĵ


321 ˻ս
Ϊڵͷϴ֮һҹʿɲ̼һʱвڰΣħͷĵ
ôǱȥɣ
Ҷٺȵ·оˣѾͬһһ㳯ǶϷȥ
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ȻûзɳԶҶٺɫѾˮΪģҹʣҲħ֮һȺǧ˵Ķչս
ҶٺȻǶũٲݾϿˣ
ҹʾͻ켣Ⱥɱ˵Уͬʱڴ˵ĻвƶĺڰϢħ֮Ҳ
Ҷٺϻţֵĵط֮Ҷٺһزĸо·һ㡣˿˿Ȼɼܡ
һƬͬǳɫĿӿݵأеĵط·һƵģ¶һֱһĵΣޱȡ
еĵطǱʲôܵưһ£¶һ׵Ĵӡ
νݺᣬһƬϱڲԫ
Ƭƽ֮ϣǧɫװںĴսУʱڿٻһɫɫХʱһƬߴ׵˳ˡ
ɱһƬ֮ǲͬߵĸɫѪҺҲһϸֱڵϵ֮С
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Ҷٺ˼һ˼žʮ֮һɫĹűʮ֮ȻԵޱȵĹűһ޷ѹָУ·Եһħһ
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Ȼӵս֮ϣһ߲ûʲôϡ棬Ϊħսһ˳˿ɴϵǿߡ
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Ҷٺ˸ܹԼܵõ˿Σǳھ֮ڻսеߵС
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Ҳ֪εõħֵ֮ϢģҶٺܹȷŵһ㣬ĴˣĿħı̬ܰ


322 ˼ɾ
䡭
ͬһʱ䣬ûҶٺǵͻĹ֮ʱϬޱȵħѾ˿ĺҶٺĺ֮ϣӲǽҶٺٶ֮⣬ҶٺһںѪ
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µǣǱħ֮ԭֻʦΪȻӵħ֮֮ȻѾӵܹҹڵǿ߽аʵˣѾ켶Ĵڰ඾ľ߽ɽͼҲûдҶٺʵ
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ﻹһ˼أħսǾ֮ԨһĴڱǧǰĹ˵һԸɡ
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Ҷٺҡͷ̾Ϣ˼򵥣οһ;һƬҲǾ
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Ҷٺ۹˸ûа˿֣·һſݼŵʯͷһ㡣
ȻħûҶٺֹˣ߰˰ޱĳ߷ʱпЦٴδ׵Ľǰ˰߻ɷ顣


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ħħ֣һֻħƳԵҶٺݺȥĪҲѹ΢΢𶶣
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ϰɽо֮ХϣֱǰһȥȴǱһƽһ˿һƽס
ţһֻ·ڱգϰߴڵϣҲһĳӡӡ


325 Ѫɫ
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ֻҶٺ˫ֺ󸺣ǰҪɱ񣬱Ļͬʡ

Ѫ
ֻء죬ԭֺ߸ϵԭ嶸Ȼھбըû˿ۼ
磿ʲôˣΪҪЩϣ
һһѰкâˣ϶ȻһɿֲޱȵϢ˫һӼ䣬һǳ鲼Ŀռ䶸Ȼ֣ӲҪҶٺԲ֮ڵѪɣ
ȻǱȷҶٺɱЩǿٵĴڣΪνĽ粢ûڷŵϳ֣
Ҷٺܹ֮ϸܵһɷϢ
һܹ֧䷨Ŀռ䣡
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ҶٺܹеĸܵһвӵҲҪʱĨɱ
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Ҷٺƴ߶֮£Ҷٺ˫۾ǣ·ǳ
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䡭
ӰŸһ֣ԭ׺ޱȵǳȻ˲䱬ըû˿
ҾڴʱҶٺϵһͣһʱҪʹȥøоԴ
ԭƺƴѪһ˲ɢӰ٣
ҶٺȻҪͷʧȥˣ
·ʬѾ׿ݼţҲûа㷽ŵ͸䵽Ҷٺϣƺǿݽˡ
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о˸Ҳ֪Щʲô˲ͻָ糣תһ˿Ц
ΪҶٺҲû˿ˣԽȷسײˣ
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ȣһֻѾУҪҶٺĳ⽴
ȻڴʱѾӽʵҶٺͻȻǵĹâȻƾǰʧ
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ʱҶٺѾһʱΧĿռ䵱УܻʲôսֻһƬֻһ˿Ѫζ·𻹲ҶٺıǼ⡣
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Ҷٺǰһʯţʯŵ֮ϣȻд֣ţ
ʱҶٺһƬڵյУǰֻ԰ͺɵΪŵŻ
ҶٺܣڵܣȴһƬϢƵʱֻҶٺŸһǵطҪǿ񱩵ʱ˺ѳƬ
طҪҶٺѡŵеһСŰȻѡҪôʱУȱޱȵʱƬǱһȫҵʱյС
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Ҷٺôѡأ
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ҶٺȻĬĬĳ˼Уûһ˿ٶ
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ڴʱһɿռ䲨Ȼ֣һ˱͵ռ䵱У֮ǰҶٺħһ㣡
ԭѾ˼еҶٺתͷͼһҶٺӡ̵ۣӺȷĴ֮أȴȻͬһȻһеѹ
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οʱҶٺû֮ǰѾɽͨű֮ǰԵͨޱȵߣԵ൱ˡ
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ȻڿҹʽŵеҶٺҲûıŵˣУɲԸЩڵαΪ顣
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ĪŵеȷͨĽݾҶٺһ
Ҷٺǰģȷһɬ磡
յһƬҵɫһƺɫɫ˿ƣյлƣҶٺһּ˹ĸоһԩҰյХ·ڳŪҶٺͻȻˡ
ҶٺĽ£һɫĵ·ҶٺߵĿȣվޱȣһɫĵ·ԣȴһƬڣȻһ֪жԨҶٺУ¾Ҫˡ
طĪͨĵ·
ҶٺͻȻӿһ⣬ʱѾѾˣ
ԭҪһ·Ƿܹͨͨűĸʱǰ龰ȻʾѾѡˡ
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Ҷٺǰһ΢ĵ֮ϴ׸ߵħʯ֮дŵ壬鲻֪ʲôʵʯĥɵʯͷ֮ϾȻд½֣Ҷٺ𺳲ѡ
ʲôĪҲв֮ڣ
Ҷٺبǰ·֮ϵĴʯͷ߶
ͻأֵʯͷ֮ϾȻǿӿݵʮʯȻǱʲôǿµġ


327 Ȫ֮
ʲô˴ʵȻռ䵱ǿ飿
Ҷٺ૵˫֮˺â˸аԵһȭѾʵǺɫʯ֮ϣ
ֻءһ죬ԭѾӿݵʯͷ֮ϣٴζһȭͷʯӣǱʩչѪҶٺǿɵġ
ŸСţҶٺʱٴǰˣûиĻ
ΪŴȭͷӡȻǰʯСϲ١
һʯѾһˮͰСǿʯͷӲ֣ѾǾһȭ˰
Ҷٺ֮ǰŵеˣܶ඼ǱҶٺҪǿٱǧҶٺлּӵٴεȼҶٺĵ׵ϣ
Ѿôǿ߹ˣȷһȷĵ·
խޱȵСֱһֱ쵽ԶҲ֪ͷںδ
ҶٺֻССǰУҪսСߵͷ·žСȻ޾
Ȼ׵ԨʱбݲҺԨдޱȡʱԩǲɫյεҶٺսľ
Ҷٺߵñ֮ʱǰԭֻƽֱǰСͻȻ˱仯Ҷٺϲ⡣
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ҶٺֻһȥһޱȵϢѾӿ·Ҫ˺ƬȻаޱȡ
֮£һޱȵĺӿϢݹͷ­ȴһ͸޾ɫʬˮĹһɹޱȵѹֱҶٺӭҶٺ
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κ·ĺǴ˵еڤɣ
Ҷٺǰڻɫ֮ϵʱеһɭϮ
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ȻôƣɹϢҶٺޱȲ·ﶺ̶ʧԪһ㡣
ȻҶٺɲ֮ʱҶٺ۾ͻȻκŵĺ󷽣бһ˸ͣľ⡣
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ҶٺκŵǷǲɫ֮£һų۵κ֮ĲԶȻһ߳ޱȵķ·ͨظһĵطĳڣ
Ųһգۼ䣬ҶٺѾǲԶκ̤ȥŸһ̤κ֮ϣҶٺʱеһɱ̹ǵĺƴĴӵȥһǼΪѵĶֻ΢һҪҶٺ
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ˡ
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κڵ߿ߵİʹȫҶٺŲκ֮߳ĲٶҲ׾롣
Ҷٺǰģκµĳȣǻнӽ׵ľ밡
ҶٺϵģһɰľħֻǵһҶٺеޱѹֵƶ֡
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Ҷٺҧгݵ˵ʱѾˮɫ԰ףѾӽѵı֡
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ҶٺʧҲ˲Ѿӽѵ壬˫֮ʱǹһſǳҶٺǰԵӲǽҶٺߵľ˰֣
ȻκŲߣôǳΪ·
߿ǳ˸âκ֮гɳһ·ӲҶٺǰ߰ף
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⻹Ѳң񹦣Ⱥٶο
µ߿ǳδȫʣҶٺʱʩչϵ񹦣϶ʱһɾǰֱܶǡءһһǳ̤÷飡
ͬһʱ䣬ɢɫ̫ջǧɷѾǡóҶٺĽ£ӲҶٺٴγǰʮ׾룡
񹦾ƾҶٺʱ񹦵裬۳ڵľǿҲδܹ°ȻҶٺȴֻκ֮߳ʮףټ֮ǰ߳׾룬Ҷٺκŵһ뻹δߵ
ȻҶٺʱѾǽƣߣҲʹһ˿˰ܹµĴ󲿷־꣡
ѵҾҪ𣿡
·ѾʬˮҶٺ
·ǲʱнɫɫĲͬɫĹͷʬˮֻҪһ䵽ҶٺϣҶٺӵ򶾲ֵļ֮ҲҪΪʬˮ
ѹҶٺ·ûмһʬ壬Щ߹ŵ߶زκ֮ϰɣһκŰֻҶٺͽįˣ


328 ׳
ҪҲҪ׳Ұɽͼ
ԭѾڵϵҶٺȻվѾһɽͼ
ܹ۳ϵµŸһ֣ԭҶٺΧİޱȵľ֣
֮ǰҶٺһЩ⽭ɽͼȡǲҲܹ߳ԶҪȵʱѾʣ²һʱʹã
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С·ûмҶٺһ㣬ĬĬѪɫ餳κŵһȥٶȼһѹֱĸо
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ħս֮ӵصطҶٺӴԽ࣬ԽǸеԻޱȡ
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ع餵Ҫʲôطأ
ҶٺɻȻڴʱҶٺǾ㤵Ѿӿżʬˮ
ԭЩڤӵӿʬˮѾ֪ҪκŽ͸ˣֱһһ׵Ŀյκŵ
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ˡ
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ĪѹѹסҶٺһжҶٺ
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ѾκŵҶٺٸһᣬȻɻ𷽲ŲѪɫײ֮ϵĸо
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ǰɣϴǿɱᰡҿɲİ
ҶٺУԭֻСѾ֪ʲôʱ̧ͷޱҶٺ


329 þʵ
ŷ·ӰһСһ˫˫ȻɫĹ۶ҶٺҶٺеһɭȻ⳯Լ
ƾһɺ⣬ֻҶٺֻСסصѪɫ餵еĴˣ
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ȻҶٺ֪Բô򵥵ģǹ餵еش̧ףȻʲôͼ
Ϊ˰
ҶٺǴǸеȻҲûǰѹȴһɭڻӣҪ׷
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ѾֻСˣֻҪһҪ׺ޱȵ˺ѳƬˣ
һƬ統УֻվĻֵСԼһյеĹ餣ǰѾƴܵҶٺ
ҶٺϣֻС˼ҵĹײ߹ĿСӵľٶ
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ǺεǿһҶٺֻоһǵصɷЩನܽĲεѪģ֮ǿɼһߣ
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ҶٺзźǰĹȦ֮ǻһѾʮˣֻҪٹһ룬ҶٺҪǿɷ˰
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Ҷٺһ˿ŭɫ׷ɱңٺƢҲҪƵñߣοҶٺߣһǿߣ
ӵڶرǰһҲ޿κΣҶٺֱҧԾ͵ˣ
ʯ䣬ƾſֲĻָָɵҶٺӡͬһһԭأοɷȴǿȻ
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Ҳǽɵһܹӵ㹻ʱǰɫȦС
ڤٴ𣬷һֻ֮Сû뵽Ҷٺʼٸ߻վѾٴѪɫ餻ǰС
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Ҷٺ٣ΪԼĶԹڵжԣûҪȲľ
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ĺ߱ԶŽҴߣҪʵȴԼͬһļ֤ˣǺεı


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ҲΪǳɾ·ҪϣΪʲôҪǳ׸ĴϣѵǾֻһĴڣҲ
Ҷٺ·𿴼һҷҵ쳤Хǵݺᡣ
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ǱʵԶ˰ԶԼףճһѪ֮ˣͼʲô
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ҶٺƺЩǰĺˣԼеԸ޷õʵֻ֣ĬĬȹҪǧĹ¶ζȻܡ
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ȻѾü޷ҶٺˣÿҪҶٺҪϳһʱ䣬ԽԽȻ⴫ѾΪ˶ߵļˡ
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ȻҶٺȴǲܿڻؾߵĻ֪ʯ᲻һŭ֮½ɱ˰
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Ѿĺܹ֮Ҳдգƾǿ
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331 ǧ֮ǰ
֪Ϊλһ˴ħ붨ĳǿ߳ȫģɱ𹼸˴ҵΪĳ̶ֳȣǱѵˡ
ҶٺĿ⵱У˸ҫ۰׹Żתƾն˲ʧҶٺڡ
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ҶٺԺˣȻ߿˵ħɽħĶˣȻҶٺ벻ԼΪλôһħ
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ҶٺͻȻ˷ƵԼҧһ˿ڣ̺ѪڵϣҶٺ߷Է·ĳ
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332 
ҶٺޱȺͿҶٺߵֻƬﵱУ·𿴼һصӢ۵Ӱȴ벻˺ʲôϵֻǻԵʹȻˣǧǰλǿҲ˵İˡ
ǧǰΪ˸ôһӣĪӻʲôͷɣ
Ҷٺɻƽӳ˸ͷȽϴûдʲôرĸо

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ҶٺſһۣһĪľѹѾҶٺһ𣬷·ǧ˫۾ֱֱһ㣬ſһ۱ֱе
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Сӣ㽫ӵʲôطȥˣҪ֪ľѪɵİϵѹֻҪΪЩ˶ܹܵǡ


333 ҵĿռ
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˼ǣǰװ˲ٿ࣬ȻҶٺƾʧˣܲˬûӣ
ҰһصĵطһԺ֮Ŷ
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ȻҶٺȴԽԽĺȻϼһ󼸾䳹Ҷٺץˡ
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ȻڴʱҶٺȴǸеʯռ䵱е¶轵·º˪
İʯռҲ޷ߵŭ⡣ֻ߱
̨ͨԭĴ½Ҳе½ĵط
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Ҷٺüͷ΢ȴǼʵ̨أӦȥأ
ҶٺеĵͼڵϣʱҶٺѾռĿصͼһǺܾ֮ǰභʦͽжģһһҪصͼղĿȡãֱ֣Ҷٺġ
ԭʮŵͼҶٺѾõ˰
ȻܲҵǣŵͼǻһǣĵĹڼ̨ĵصȴû˵
ŵͼ֮ϻ໥վɽһŵͼ֮ϻһƬԭһŵͼһƬɫɭ֡
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ҶٺеĵͼڵϣʱҶٺѾռĿصͼһǺܾ֮ǰභʦͽжģһһҪصͼղĿȡãֱ֣Ҷٺġ
ԭʮŵͼҶٺѾõ˰ȻܲҵǣŵͼǻһǣĵĹڼ̨ĵصȴû˵
ŵͼ֮ϻ໥վɽһŵͼ֮ϻһƬԭһŵͼһƬɫɭ֡
֪ǧȥˣԭų̈ĵطΧûб仯Ǳ仯ˣҪҶٺѰǸط


334 ߷ŭ
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Ҷٺİʯռ䵱еȻܹƾʵ֪緢飬Ц
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ֻ䡭һտԨ»죬ǿ˶ޱȵļƷʯѾҶٺһ˲䱻ʯС
ŸǧǰߵĽ֮أҶٺѾջôһ൱
ѾǧȥˣҲûһߵĽ֮ػһ˵£
Ȼڴʱڼ·Ҷٺʱеһɺϣ
·ʲôﶢһ㣡һɲΣҶٺͷӣ
ѵطĴڣ
Ҷٺ𺳣ڴʱĿĿʱۼǸ֮ϣ
ûע£ҶٺΪһͨȻһ֮ȴҶٺһ
Ѫɫ֮ϲŵʲô
ǾȻǾŲͬɫ
ࡢơ̵ȵо֮ϣǲ۵Ȼ˶ޱȣԿǰȻӵǿڡ
ȻڴʱȴֻŸԵͷ­Ԩ֮ϵѪɫ񷡣
ЩڵǺηʥΪ֮˻Ὣȫɱط
Ҷٺвӿ޾ϧǺεǿĴڰؼ䲻عȻʱȴֻһͽװƷ
ȻڴʱҶٺȴǴһȻܹԼܵһɭȻɱǾɢ·Ҫɱһ㣬ȻȴȻûа㶯
⵽ʲô£ѵ
Ҷٺʱ뵽һŵԭǱЩǧǰŵ
ǿܹȡԨ֮ѪɫļƷʯԴ
Ȼ²ȴǺεȻĵ
һǷ綼Ѿп˰һȻҪһžʯǿžʯӵкεȲ
ҶٺĲ²ŸѾǾϵϾȻһ·ʲôǿɱĿǱĳЩǿشĺۼ
ǣȭϢ
ĪҶٺ۾ֱ㶵ĶžǰӴޱȵɫ࣬ȻһȻе׹˸Ŀǰ׹ȻʹȭİԵϢʱַ·Ʈ
ϢҶٺϤˣҪ֪Ѿȭĵ˰ȭ⾳ñ׽͸ҶٺԲᣡ
Ե죬ⲻȭìȴܹںϵ൱⾳ô
ȭ񳿵ط
Ҷٺ·ԼԴӾҪ·һ㣬ô°ƾڤ뽣ӵнĻᣬյôͬӵл뽣
ĪƾԼƳǿߵĻط
Ҷٺ·ɢǿǳ;սĻֺ곡棬ûκɣҶٺȻҲҪԼȭЩϺϼ飬յ񳿾жĲ࣡
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Ҷٺ̹ǵԨоþûƣ˫ֻ䣬һʮ׳ǳ·ڵһ㳯Ҷٺǰɫ­ȥԵޱȣ·Ҫѹըһ㡣
䡭
ԨâҫܣȻǾȴûбҶٺ˷ֺֻͬһһ̶ûа㷴Ӧ
ƺ治ȾȭԿġ
ҶٺգȻڴʱҶٺ۾·Ѫɫ·ȥ
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ƾҶٺȭǳҶٺܹԨµϸһѾɺԵѪԶ
ЩߵħȻԿٳаط
Ҷٺ̾ԽԨǰҶٺԽܹܵõǴ̹ǵı·ǧһ㣬޿ײ룡
·ĳԹɵϢܹ˲ǲǰҶٺǵظҲûа졣
ͷ·һԩĵط˲
ǧȥˣǿԹҲҪˣħս֮ϵսһ㡣
ȻȷûаԹȴܹ˸е·ӵһԻȥԩһ㣡
ǸɺԵѪԣһʮ׸ߵİ񾲾еһŭݽָ죬е˫ֽӡ¶ʥݣеˮȴȻһ˿ʥϢȻǱӳĳĵ
Ӧǧǰߵĵ񣬴ʱѾѺ۱鲼еߵĵͷ­飬ȱȱˣѪӽһԵø̡
ޣôһĵطҪԼķṦΰƨ磡
ҶٺŭһޱȵĻԪħѾǵض£ݺݳͷĵĶȥʱء
Ȼ߶ɵĵӲޱȣҶٺû㹻ݻ١
ټѾǧʴĵȻҲеѾӽ飬Ҷٺķݲ֮£вٵԭõͷ­ٶȱġ
ǣ
ԭһĪҶٺѪӵľͷȴĪӿһɾУ·𿴼ʲôһ㣬һʮ׸ߵķѪأĽ֮ϸһɫѪ֮Ͽ̻аƣҶٺһ֮½ӽ
ԶѪа׳ѾҪԨײס
ܼž·Ƭطǳ˯ǧĵһ㣬ҶٺһɵѹָС
ʱҶٺѾߵʮ׸ߵѪ֮£ǰһʮ׸ߵĺɫͭڣϰ͹ƽХ飬һƬҸ
ȻȴһƬƬɺԵѪѪصֱѪ֮ĵ֮ϣҶٺҲɭɫѪҺۼ
֮˾ħȻôһݰ
ҶٺĿ䣬·һǧ겻ĺһ㡣ǰЩѪ˻˭ǧǰԶߵģ
ӴһѪظɶٿ߰ǧǰͱɱڴ˵ûʮҲаǧ


339 һݼ
һȻĸоҶٺͷѸӣ·𿴼ǧ߱Ѫصлɱһ㣡
簡Щ
ҶٺźЩڴ˵صĿǧǰǵȰȴֻط
Ҷٺڤ뽣ѾǺһ֣ʱƱɫӣһӴޱȵĺڻϯؼ䣬·ҪƬճɽ̿һ㣡
𡭡
Ҷٺڤ뽣Եǳƥһͷһ˸ߵɫѾŭųѪط·޼᲻һǽڳȥ
ǳƵϾһȻҶٺڵвûлӳȴҲѾܹɽһ۵˰
Ȼֻءһ죬Ļȴ˲ɢյУûиѪش𺦣ֻһ춯صľԨ֮׾þûơ

Ҷٺ˫۳죬״ڤ뽣ֶһɫƥʯӲʯڸð͹ƽѪضʱһƬ𺣵У
֮˶ľɱκһӵֽҶٺɱ侫Ķɵɱ׻ᱻҶٺƻأ
ڴʱ䶸ԭžûаѪؾԼŭ·Ұޱַ·ħ˻𣬰·һĿֲ
֮䣡Ѫ֮ϣҶٺܿѪƮ㣬һƬ׳ĳ棡
ѵѪصл
ҶٺУǧ֮Ľ죬ѪصоȻ
ʲôĪѪصеѾɾ֣
ȻҶٺ̤ն˲̤ʮ׵ĸ߿գҪѪصıԵ֮ϣ
ҲֻѪصıԵ֮ϲҿѪصȫòҶٺܹԵѪصɭȻֲ
ûҶٺѪصеĶǺ£ǰıʮ׸ߵ𣬱࣬һ˫۾ŭķ
Ҷٺĵױһ޷ܵУ·ֻҪЩ΢ֿӭǵصɱ
Ǿϵľǿѹƾѹܹòοǲ֪ʱֵĻԴ
ȻһѾ֪ιʱضϣĽ֮Ͻ¶Ѻۣȴ˿ѹĲ
ҶٺҪѪصȥ֮ʱʱһȻҲǱѪصеľ˸ᡣ
ѹԨûгκԹ飬ҲûУԭˡ
ֻѪصһŨҵ޷ȥĺϷڣǴǺдԼҶٺܹǺ֮µɭɭ׹ǣѾѵòӵߵ壡
𡭡
ҶٺĪʱֱǷŭҪץɱˣ޲ýĹɱƬײ
Щ߾Ȼ˵÷·ֽһ߷ôһڶ
ﻹߵоȫǶħ
Ҷٺ·ܹͨǧԻȥԹǧǰĲп龰һ׼ѪɢһɿֲޱȵаϢһѪѪصлӣϢǾٵǰף
ǧ߷źǱģ˺ѷεķŭ
ɫ£ۣѾﵽڵľǿߣвʦ߾СߣȻûܹӳǲʮ׸ߵѪɫΧǽ
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ӽŲʼڻȻٵͷҶٺֻһ˫˫޵ͬҰް۾
Ϊʲô
ҶٺվѪصıԵ֮ϣ˫üѪʱѾŭֻʣ³ޣǶ֮˵޾ߺޣҶٺ̷ܹ磬ƴһʯĳ߸ۡ

Īʵǵܹ߱һıɱ
ʲô⣬ȥǿ߻Ҫϲ
ȥ⣬󣬱㲻̵ͬħһҪ½˸Ͼɱ

֮ҶٺѾ뿪ѪأǸΪƷĵط
ȻҶٺ֪ΪҪ߽׼ܹ֪ǣ˽Ҫ׽ˣ
Ҷٺ޷˱Űûа㷴Ӧ
Ѫص·һֱɾѪȻһ·£ҶٺҲ֪Լ˶ԶͷԨ·һңԶɼ±ڿȥͷľˡ
Խ£ҶٺµĵؿԽǶӣǾѪ֮·;УǵҲЩƽϻƽġ
ȻѪغĵضΣȴǿӿݲҲ֪ʱѪƶϣǰڶȥģ
ףߵĺǣ
ǰߵҶٺʱסԾǵϵĶǺȻһã
һװ˵ʾǰһߴ׳ٿȻ˸ӫĵɫȻǰһΪߵǿߣȴ֪ιʾô¶ɺԵѪ룬лһû˵еĵ
һΪߵߣȴ֪Ϊλ˵Ľ֮صУĪѪصܳߣ
ǰѾԨľͷ
Ҷٺһԭ߼ԶǾ޴ޱȵѷ쵽ǰұѾʧֻܹһƬڰ
ǵ֮ϣԭֻһĿѪӸһӷֳɾҸһȻֱĳǰȥ
طйŹ֣ҶٺµѪĵһӡѾ첻µزµǿҶٺҲֱĺȥ
ķԶ߲ɵĵͼصĵطԲ˼򵥣Ҷٺδ߿˵ļ̨
ҹ˵ܹĶҶٺҲδʶ
ûǰϼҶٺʱеһǰδеΣǵضԶ֣·ֻҪϷֺӭĹһ㣡
ȻҶٺĸоһ֣Ѿɢһݼţ


340 
ʲô£
֮ڸоٴλָһĳ֮ҶٺڸҳԵ߶ǿֲҶٺо·һͷ޶סһ㣬һӵʱˮ͸
ǰʲôҶٺһɵǰ޾ڰ
ǰĵ·ҲûзŵĿݣٴλָһƬƽ·һһ㡣һƬţ·ֻҶٺһˡ
ҶٺŸܵѹΪطѾûκΣˡ
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ûɰطôܾʹ˵˾ͷأҶٺʱѾ֮߳ԶڿǰĺڰеĶ
ǰ֮ϣǵϸСԨѷѾϸСӽϱա
ҶٺǰľȻһһƬ£ֱڵ֮ϣֱֱҶٺ
ǾѪӸԵùŹޱȣѪѾضϣµİǻཻγһԲΣѪӵյԲεģ
ѵҪ뿪ôѵǼ̨Ͳˣ
ҶٺɻǰҪѰʲôɵĵط
ѪҲûаΣգôſԶΪλɵأΪҪΣ
ڴʱҶٺԭԵã˫۵жȻų۾⣬ֱҪҫ
˵Ҷٺ㳯±ȥ
Ѫӵľͷ¶Լγһεĺ״Ŀռ䣬ڰһǿҵѹȸУ·ħûԨ޾ĺڰУвʮһ˸ߵĺĵĶѨ·ʮ޵һ㡣
ǡ
ʱҶٺѾɳ۵ǶѨǰŸһǶѨĶֱ򺮲·ͻȻ㱻һͷֲ޶һ㣬ǷҶٺֲֿܵѹ
ǲһ˸ߵĶѨУҶٺȿıһ˸ǹܴǶѨˣǴջѪâ֮ҫ˹â
һ̨һװ·ôĴӣһͷֵڹϵһͷ¶ɫбָʣǡöҶٺţ
ֲɱ
ֻǾܹҶٺѾڵĸ߽ޱߵѹ˰ЩΪҶٺ֮µڣͷҲҪըûҷ𰡣
ڣɱڵϹҲҪ׳
ҶٺҡͷʱѾ̤ǶѨСڰĶѨ֮ûҶٺҲҲŵĵط֮һССİݴӦΪϵͳ
ԾʯΪҪڣ¾ΪƷʯҲֻʹһΰɣ
Ҷٺ̾ʹĴȴǲСҪڶԵлҪӵһƬƷʯأ
Ѩ֮ޱȣƺڴıϢҶٺûվڵĹ֮ܿȻܹܵǹ޴ڵѹԻһأ
ھȻӵһ̵ӣȻܹƶʽĹǶҶٺ
ֻҪɱõ½֮ϣպҶٺڵϹҲһƴ֮ˣǶԸ֮Ҳпܡ
ҹҪѰҵıڣܹڽ½ȿƵɱ
Ҳû˿ǣҶٺ˰ʯռ䵱УǾԵı
ŸսҶٺٴγΪſǿ±֮вʮĶѨʮ
ҶٺһҪеͷһڱܹһϵߣʮڿɾܹʮϵɱȻ½֮ϲжǿߣ
ŲʱҶٺѾٽ߸ѨеھΪУǽһģһڣҶٺ𺳡
ħս֮еӮ˰
ʱѾӵаˣܹ⼸ã¾Ҳܹ˰
Ȼʵǲǻ׵ıҶٺսԼȨֻպܹ֪ˡ
ǼӹȥҶٺٴγļĸѨУҶٺ֮ʱķ±֮ϡ
վ±֮ϣҶٺܹѾɺԵѪһֱԶѶ£ƺˡ
滹ѪĻǿǺεаĳ氡
Щ֮ҶٺҪھΪˡ
±֮ϸڣǧǰΪ˱֮صɣ
ȻҶٺתȥ֮ʱһȴҶٺдҶٺʱľ֪
ǰȷһһ˸ߵڣҿ֮ʱҶٺȻܵһɭȻ⣬·Ҫ̱ɱһ㡣
еǣŽ׸ߣڹҲ׳ھȻǻٻģʲôһ룬пڹ⻬
ǺηʥĽȻܹ
ҶٺȷǳϿڣѿڴ¶ΪܵĻеԼ·ǳɫƣһɲɣӵϢȻҪ⳹׶ϳص޸Ҫڵˡ
ҶٺȷǳȴޱȱĵŭһѾǶϳصսʯռ䵱УԭڵĲλһɭɭ׹Ǿ촦ȴһԶߣ
ĵطȻԶߣǵ£Ҷٺһŵ£ȴҶٺٸнӡ
ߴˮʹ˻׸Ͷ֮ҲģȻȴҶٺҡ
Լһȴ޶ԣѾΪѪĹ˰
Ѩͬʲôϳڣ֮⣬ҶٺܹǶѨıԵ֮һĽâ·ҪƬ±ڸгһ㡣


341 ش½
ڱǱƥĽâпİɡ
ҶٺĬѾǰʯռ䵱еڤ뽣ȡɫħ𣬾Ҫʣµڿȥ
Ȼڴʱڤ뽣ǾҵĲҪҶٺĿƣ
⵽ô£
ҶٺȵѾþȻûܹסͻȻڤ뽣
뽣ȻҲҶٺ˵ĿƣҾ·һ㳯ǶѨ֮ȥһɫ棡
䡭
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һ׹뵣Ҷٺǰһа׸ߵą̂
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ˡ
ɲаԹХһŨޱȵѪϢǵضҶٺҰľͷǾѾǧǰɺ˵ѪӾٴ̺ѪҺҪԨľͷû
Ҷٺǰ̨ʣɢһʥַĸ߹֮磬Ǽ̨ǧǰħսеͼصһƬ½Ĺߣ
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İѪǡǽ̨һԲ
ǿھԼѪصеľԼߵѪ
ǧ֮ѪȻܹӿҶٺ𺳣
ˡ
ѪɫƮ㣬ִ͸ԭԵʥ߹ޱȵļ̨˲䱬һѪ죬ɱ¾֮Ϣ˷ħ
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ˡ
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ҪͨصԶߴħս֮ϲµĽҪĪİ
֪ħս½ľ뵽жԶҪص½֮ϲһ򵥵鰡
Ҷٺҵ̨ĴڣҪħս֮ϺǧսˣԵĳĳǰܹľصħս֮ϡ
ҶٺŸյ̨ѾܵһаϢܡ
ǧ֮ɵͨǧǰ߾ȻΪ˻ص½֮ϱɱǧ޹

ҶٺŲᣬȴ̨֮Ͼһ죬Լ·Ҫ㵹һĸо
̨֮ϾһĽۣɾҪǼֱ̨ӿ룡
̨쳣̣ͨ½ŻҪ˰
ʲôǿߣȻ׵ľܹ֮ΪݵĶƻԨ֮µػ»ֹˣ
Ҷٺһ뵽ǧǰԨ֮µǿٵľһɺ
ʮڣټͨԨµѾԽһ½˰Ȼǿ߾Ȼ̨ܹƻ¾ҲҪ簡
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ڴʱ΢ĲҶٺӳ˼˻̺ʯ̨ڻ·ҪԱ߱һ㣡
Ǽ̨֮ԭŨѪһ˸·ҪϨһ㣡
̨ѾҪ֧Ųסˣڵֻǽ̨֮ڻѣ·Ҫѿһ㡣
̨ŸձҶٺԵɺ֮ٻ˳Ѿӽˣ
⣬̨ҪˣҪϽص½ˣ
ҶٺȣҪڿնǼ̨֮ϵĹâбȥǱǻص½Ż
ȻڴʱҶٺȴǾһٴθ䣬ǹ⻬Ľ۳ȥ
ǽ۵֮һɢϹĽǴҶٺӶڤ뽣
ȻҶٺ֪⽣ΪλͻȻ⽣µһ֣ҶٺҲҪǽȡأ
ﬡ
뽣ХҶٺһѴѷ쵱а˳һ׶೤ֱǼ̨֮ȶĹâȥ

Ҷٺźڤ뽣֮ϴһǰδеȸ£Խճɽ̿
ͬһʱ䣬ǱϬâѺ۸͵ſ̨Ҫѳ飡
ٳ룬Ǽ̨Ҫ׵ҶٺҲûлص½Żˣ
ˡ
˵ʱʱ죬ǳѪ⼴Ϩ֮ʱоʩչ˵Ҷٺ·һ磬ǡûѪɫâУ
Ǽ̨֮ǰҶٺڳ׽ǻص½ͨˣ
ȻҶٺҲͨǲǿԻص½Ҳܱǽ첻Ӧеزħսкǧ򱶰
һ棬ҶٺŸһ뿪ֻǼ̨֮ϵĺâʧԭ⿪ѵ̨Ȼаٴκϱ
յϸǧ׵ѷҲպϣԨеһڰ¸ǣ
ݡ
ҶٺŸսѪ⵱УӭıһƬڰеӫ˸ƣ·Ҷٺİʯռ䵱еһ㡣
ҶٺյԼٶǰУ·һһ㣬ٶֱоԼĲӽ
յУһĪҶٺϳδ֪ǰǰ
ӦñǼ̨ʹ߻ص½Ĺˡ
ҶٺֱоԼ궼Ҫĥһ㣬ʱͨУڵֱҪҶٺѣǺεȿµĥ·һ֧һ㣬ޱȣ


342 ½֮
⻹Ҫ϶ðҾҪܲס˰
ҶٺƴҪźȴ޷һ˿
ڤ뽣ȻУǰȼɫڤѾʧ٣·ǲһͨͨĳһ㡣
ڵҶٺȻӵв壬ȻʱͨȴΪڵİ
ԭһΪ߼ĴڿһͨȻҶٺСһȴҪմ˵Ĺ⣬Щôأ
ڴԽʱհǿһûйɵĻҿռ䰡Ҫа裬ûͨ쳹صΰôܣ
Ҳ֪˶ãҶٺģʶС
ǰǷ·ޱ߼ʵĺڰͻȻһڲתİɫâ·涴һ㡣
ҶٺһƬ׹⵱У·ͻȻ׹һ㣬·ɽײһһ㣬ޱȡ
ǡѾص½ˣ
ҶٺǰɽɽˮˮֱǻµĿǺεϤ۵Ǻεȵ󰡣ڻص½֮ˣ
뿪ħսصʵ˰ȣħսֱǵһĴڣ
ߵľǧǰĻ飬ΣķҲ֪ħս֮еж˰
˵ǣҶٺȻܹڴħսٴοӻܹص½
ҶٺʱҲ൱˼鰡Ȼһ֮Ľصҵõ˲
ٺٺ٣ֻҵһ֧ʮڵľʯҪڳԲ˶ߣ
Ҷٺʱ޾뵱УҪ֪ʱϿӵʮܹ춯صڵİ
ټǻڳ˯еıͨ߻ҪǿߣҶٺܹһٽǲһһٶ˵
ȻҶٺ֮ʱڵЦҶٺԶȴЦеħߣʳڣ
ǺǡһΪʲôԽԶŶأԭֻһëͷСӰ
һͷɢĴɫۣԵͬòڵҶٺ·Ҷٺֻһһ㡣
ʱҶٺûаϢ¶ȷֻһͨһ㣬ȻҲһ纣ʣȻħȴûʲôôˡ
ΪѾҶٺеıˣ
СŵĺһѲɶõı
һħɫйâ˸Ȼһɱ޶ȵħͷ
ħ޲һҶٺŵѾ̤ճҶٺɱȥҪһѽҶٺеڤ뽣ȥ
ǾֻСô
ҶٺߣħսһеҲ֮ǰǰɱ޹ˣ϶Ȼһɷ·ɽһƥѹҲѹ𡰺䡱죡
أ
һ죬ħ޵ľһͬԭǳħ޷·˹һҽһѾ·ʧصķһ׹£
Ųһ棬ʳڵħѾҶٺϵľǿѹѹ·磡
Ȼ⻹ҶٺĽȻħ޿´ʱѾڴˡ
ֵܣֵС۲ʶ̩ɽ˰
ڴʱͷɢħѾһĳҶٺȥҪҶٺķ
ȻǰħͷҲһʶʱˣŸһҶٺΪǸϲ٣֮ǰҲ˾ҪֺҶٺ
ҶٺûдҪɱһʼҶٺеڤ뽣⣬Ҷٺ۾ҲԸһһۡ
֣СĽнţչħŴͷĳϣһֵò֪ͨ˰
һͷڷƮĽһֿЦһǾ۾Ҷٺ·һһ㡣
֪մأ
Ҷٺвм⿴ȥͻһӵĽԭҲһ̰󱲰ˣŻҪҶٺڤ뽣ΪаȻʱȴڶҶٺԶǿ֪ٵ˰ķˡ
֪ôҼǰǡ
Ҷٺɱ䣬Ʈ裬վյǽԼչʵ
ԭֵҪȥﰡǵطڿְǽҪΪһĵط˰
ŸпȻǸޱ̵ӡ
ҲһѰ򰡣ܹ˳ƵҲֻλ½вҪλá
ȻܹһڵΪ֮пôȻǲܵġѵҶٺ뿪ʱʲô⣿
ŶôôҲǡʱҪǰˡ
ҶٺɻȻŵĻ൱ȤҪ֪ǿĵһذ
ȻˣֵŴ°Щ˴ħսһأ
΢Ҷٺ·ǿһû˿ʶҰһ㡣
ԭħսرյĲʱ㷢˷·츲صı仯
ԭҲ޹ʧ֮Ȼ漣ѡһ˵䣬Ϊ
ʦΪȴӵһԴȻƾǳΪԼǵеĶʮշ
ȻȴûӵΪһֱ˵һ˻ִֵġ
ݿɿϢ˵ǸҪȵƺǸħս֮մһĺҶٺǿһ׵׵Ĵħͷ
ҡͷ̾·Ҫһħͷһ㡣
˵֧ϵҵֱϵѾҪϸΧˣ
ȻԭǵҲ֮ķȻ½߽߲ƽҪȫǹ
ңΪ½һɵڣҶٺıʵǿɢޣ


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343 ƽ
ãĸǾͿ뿪ˡ
ѾԼǾҪҶٺ侲ҲñɱɱƵķ·˼һ㡣
õԼһǰɱ˼ƾڵʵ¿һɱʱ״εָһ򺰵
ֵ֣ܰ޹İǾǸ򰡣
ûͷɢͬħһĽ˵꣬еĶħѾʧӰˣǰǵ;ˡ
֣㻹δСĴ
Ŵȵɫ԰׵÷·ֻֽŻھҵĲУȻǱŵҶٺŵòᡣ
ǣ˿е񡭡
ڴʱһֱûпڷ·ľżһչڿ˵³֣Ҷٺ
أ
һͷʹĽԭѾ˷ҶٺʳڵߵޱѹҪվʱһԼͬչĻŵڵϡ
ǡǸɱ񣿣ܣħսûл𣿡
ҶٺƺҪ½֮Ͼþûˣһɱ˳Եħͷ֮
һ棬ҶٺѾڻǵ;У뿪ħսص½ĹУǼ̨֪͵ʲôطȴҲħս֮Ҫõöˡ
ص½Ѿͨħսͨرյ֪֮Ϊʲôֻħսٴ˼ʱ䣬ʵоѾȥʱ䡣
ΣҶٺǻˡ
ڤ뽣⽣ȻҵĿƣǲҪ½֮Ϻˡ
Ҷٺյһгǧףһֱ㽫еڤ뽣ʯռ䵱С
ڤ뽣ȻǿǼ̨ԨԿףڵҶٺеˣټϺڤ뽣κοƱ뿪ĿƣҶٺ
ǻ뽣֮ϲʲô֮˻ڲµôڤ뽣ҹʴԨⲻһ֣
˵ĻֻҪҶٺһղڤ뽣֮ϵӡƳֻҪڤ뽣һ½ͻᱻĳΪͨǿ߷֣
ͬһʱ䣬½ĳطһƬɽҰеһޱεʯУһͷ׷߶Ȼ۾綴գֳľҶٺžĵط
߾ȻܹԽ½Ҷٺ٣
Ҷٺٶȼ죬Ҫߴס˰
û֪ޱȵǿҶٺĻ֮ܲ⽫Ҷٺɱ
ڤ뽣ˣҹʵõǶˡΪʲôʧأ
üǾΪ˵ҶٺǰŷɹĵطѲãûзʲôŲʵȥ
Ҫڤ뽣Ҷٺʱ˰ʯռ䵱УҶٺѾΪĪ߷ˣ
ҶٺطĻᾪȵһһƬߣһȻɽˮĵطҶٺʱϰĵطڣ
ӣǰǣħսعҹȥˣǸͲҹʡ
ڵ챦Уһɣ΢𣬶ƻͨ챦֮ϣڵӣ
Ҷٺ֪ԼǡñܹһʵͨϹѰڸڴɳǿѰȡڤ뽣ˡ
ҶٺƺҲЩˣΪѾܹҪĵطˣǣ
ǵǽȻԾʯ͵ļ̳ǽǿȵĳǽʦߵȫһҲܹ˰
ȻǽԼǧȴֻͬһĴˡ
ΪдѹԭֵԵޱȣҶٺӡĻĳǽѾɨһգԭĳˮȴѾʧеֻϡϡļų۴ӵĲݵˡ
ǿһЩҪⳡ߶ǵĹսлһЩôͶ߰
˿ɶһЩڱһĲҳϵļһﰡҶٺܻǰռǣЩݲ˻᲻ǵһŴ򿪵ˡ
ڸЩʲô
Ҷٺһ֮¶ʱͼˣеǰΪǵͳ죬Ұ÷صĴʩĵľٶҲûУľʲôϷ
ƾôһû˿شʩǣֻҪڵĸ߽ǰҲܹɷ˰
ȻǽҪԵĿһǿҺһ½֮ϵڵֱһֻϺһͷడ
ҶٺɫǵĳȥҪȥץסݺݵҪʲôҪ֪ʱ𰡣
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ǵоȻľÿ϶ŷĵЦ⣬аսٵɪ
⻹ôҶٺǿȫͬ
ӴСӣһ֪ǸսǵģҵĹĿ˸պˣȥϢϢɣ
Ҷٺǵĳ֮ڳǵеĹ쾰㶣һֻʵѾļȴһú׳Ĵ󺺡
ҶٺȷǳŸ߽ǣѾǰڨˡ
ҿ⺺ҲһʵͨˣҶٺ˵ûаΣգҶٺоһĵطһ㡣Ҫ֪ԭҲһ˼Ҳɱĵط
ҶٺǵõǱǵеϰոɱأҺǰ󺺲ϵҶٺȻºˡ
СֵܣҴ󻢾ˣַﶼаģ
һǰҶٺַǷǵдһ߶ҶٺֵЦޱ鿴ҶٺҲ˼ˡ
󻢴磬ֿ־ͺˣǵôأߴҪѹôΪʲô
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344 ҵ
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Ҷٺܱ󻢵Ĵ´Ŀ⣬һա
Ҳ֪軹ɵȻôһӵĵط˵ֻҲ±͵͵Ūûɢ
Ȼһ棬Ҷٺ߹ļСǵеͨҲȷûаţȻţ֮ǰøӷ񣬵ſֺҸķΧ
Ҫ֣ѣµľʦµָʾ
ͬһʱ䣬һҶٺûע⵽Ľ䣬һȺڲߵȺУһµվĿĴԵҶٺһ˿⣬漴ת뿪ѾʧȺˡ
«﾿ʲôҩ
ҶٺתԵĴʵ
󻢴磬Ҫôܹҵǵľʦأ
ԭҶٺһͷһװߵĴתͷùҶٺƺҶٺеЩ죬ȻҲûжٳɱ˵
ԭֵҪ˰ǰĳа
ҶٺȻҲоеһ˿ɣȴҲûж⣬ȷҪѰһȻŪôһӡ
ȻеϰսޱȿĵȻЩ˰ܹסǿߣ
ͬһʱ䣬Ҷٺ¶һ˿ײЦݣѾǰĴ󻢻˵ĿյȻ𿪣û°ۼ
Ǿʦ˼ǰֹҲֻ֪֪˰ˡ
겻ѣûʲôĴڷ˲ԾתȥȴûзְӰ
ҶٺѾǴӴûעʱȻ뿪ˡ
浹ùҽһˡ
󻢰һ䣬ҲûʧҶٺԼĹڵķȥ

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Ҷ磬Ϊ½ǰǿļ
⻹ôǸոս½߶ܹ͸ĵ˵ˡ
𰸺԰ǵȻˣΪħ֮׵ɷҲһһЩɢɢΪ̬Ϲ
ҶٺȻ𰸿Ƽ򵥣ȻȴЩˣҪ֪ǰֻǼɱħɱħİĹ˭ǿ˭ء
ȴǻҡͷжȻų⣬ɵļ˵
ڡɷΪ׵ԡǮĴң񵺡ϻ壬Լκǿɢޡ
ֻ֪ЩȴǺһּΪǿǱǣ˼
˸һɰ¶Ҷٺһ
ֱ˵½ǿңѪʿڵľ񾡳ҲҪ飡
Ҫ÷ҵԸߣĿԣôܻǣɴҪߵж˰
Ҷٺһеģ뷨ȴһؼ⡣
ǰʦȷԿһЩߣҲֻڵͲε߰Ϊͨǿߌ֣ʿҲҪɻң
ܹЩİôΪԼǻӻء
ȻҶٺɻȴޱǷ΢΢һЦй¶һжз
Ҷٺ޲һƽÿ°ĭʲôʱˣӣⲻǷǷô
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еϮڶΪߵߣһ·ҫ۹âһĹҶٺڵĳ
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ڴʱһѱԶһŰµѾԶ̤ȴһÿηǳӣһҶٺеЩѹȸеѹ
ʺڵĸ߽ߣϵƣڵͬߵҲһˡ
Ҷٺɫ䣬Լվǰⷽؼơ
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ݡ
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ȻʱЩҵĵӱȴûܵ谭ˣֱǵеؾԼɢ޲׼ֿһ˿ֿҲ
ǺǺǣҶֵҲ֪ҰǿҶֵܶҲѺðұӵҸˡ
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ȻûйͷΣҶٺѾԼڶΪǵĳҪȥصĵˣҶٺ
ˣңҪҵǵҰҪһĴۣɽͼ
Ҷٺȣ˫ֽӡ䣬һȦѹƵܣһ޴Ļ˲չҪⷽڸס
Ҷٺֱ޿֣ʱɵҲֻڻ߸Ϊǿ켶ڵĸǰҲܹס
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ǿʮʵǿ߰߾ҲܹһӻһοʮΪձʦ֮ϵأ
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Ҷٺŭһ֮ͻȻ޾һϺȼյİ׻ųɢݿĵ˳ȥҪ䳹ɱôܣٶٿҲ˲ɱʮɢ߰
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ǷӵҲսʤοսǿɱʿ
ҹ裬ǻȥôҪͳ뿪ô
ϰɫһ俥ХԵͱˡ


346 ʱ䷨
ҹΪʹߣôݵ±һָָأ
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˵ƽҵǵУ𣿣ƾʲô˵ڵʹߣ
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Ȼҹϰ˵ŵĶ·ǿӲЭĻʵǲ׼Ҫȴǿ֪ġ
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ȻҶٺȴǶνʹðǵ֮һҹҲɱˣοٵǶһЩأ
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ȻҶٺҲΪڵѸٵĸڤ뽣ҵǣܹȷǲὫìͷָ
ˣڵͽҲڴ˽
ʹ϶Ȼһɷ·֮ϵѹֱϯ
һǧߵ׵ѹǷ·ǿԴݻһС
ò˵ʹʺڵΪȷǿޱȣ½Ҳû˿Ժȼ硣
Ǵʱ˿ȴһˣǱҶٺ
ӵҶٺʵԿһڵǿߣοֻһʺڵĸ߽أ
Ŀ֮Ѿڵˣ񣡸𣡡
Ҷٺȣʱһԭʹϻͬˮһ㲻йѹʱһ͡
ͬһʱ䣬Ҷٺħ֮㣬ԪħѾ˲ֱʹݺȥ
䡭
ʹ뵽ǰҶٺȻòʱ䣬۵Ĺ򰡣
׼ԼĹʹֻıҶٺٻĻԪħ͵Ļ֮⣬ԵֱӽʹɱòҲ̶ã
ʱ򣿣ҶٺȻ˿µĹ
ҹ貢ûԶȥֻǺϰһվҶٺʹһ֮ĵطң
ȻҶٺĳǿսҲĿġ
Ϊ㶮ʱͿô׵ıܣϺ
ʹֹסǿ󹥻ϵ˫ֽӡ䣬һƬϹ˸׺ѾҶٺǵضȥҲ΢΢Хڶ
֮ɱ
ȻĹҶٺȴǲ·ʲôҲûһ㣬ϸǸ޵ĹЦݣֻǻ˵
Ѿˣȥɣðʹƭӡڵðģ


347 
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ڴʱʹԭվյеɫƶȻʧаȥһץӲǽԼץƤ
أ
һ촫ǷŻָֻŵʹѾһ̲ŧѪũٲݣ
Ҷٺŷŵһɲþ綾ʹɱˡ
Ȼ˸ɱˣ
ҹ軹ϰˣһﵽǲӻǵ죬ǻпı
ǺǺǡҶֵ񹦸¾֣»ЩҪ뿪ˡ
ҹɫ죬ʹԼ뿪ˡ
Ҷٺռǵ£պƻԻǰ׷ߣ
ϰҲƽ˵һ䣬¿뿪ˣҶٺٴƬҲΣհ
ȻȻɱڵˣȻҶٺһڣǼֱһͱƵıֽ
ôһڵ߹𣿡
ҶٺƣȻͬһʱ䣬Ҷٺܸܵ޾ݡ
û취˿ɲడ½֮Ҳûм
ҾڴʱҶٺɱ֮˵ĺ͌ˡ
ֻ̲ʹŧѪȻһŰ׹⣬һޱǿһգţֻǳһɲǱҶٺ
Ҷٺ·оڤڤһ˫յ۾Ҫ
ߣϽ뿪
ҶٺֻоһɼܻһеҪγɣһץȥٶȿþˣɲʧӰ١
ͬһʱ䣬ڤڤеǿҪ
ˡ
ũٲݣ˾Ȼϡ
ڴʱһ˫ɫͬǳǳԌ֣һ޵ľϯǣȴ޹
ҶٺѾɫ֮ǰ֮ܵ⣬ҺܺõѾ˰ɡ
һҶٺǿٵľǿ߰Ҷٺ֣¾Ҫڵıˡ
Ȼϲûв͸ǽο˫۾ҶٺΪ
²õĽµ˶֪ҶٺȻڵ˰ɡ
ˣҲҩ䣬Ѿʺˡ⣬綾ʣ˭˴󵨣Ȼڡ
ͬһʱ䣬䳹ǵ챦
һ棬ҶٺͬСһץСĶһ޴ĺɫʯͷԣһͬһûĿʯ
Ҳֻܹܷųֵһ˿ѰܹڷŸоһ޵ľĸо
뵽ʹϻЯĳλܵһĶֻҪʹˣǴܱܹڵһʱ֪
ϴţһӦôأ
¶һ˿ΪѵЦݣΪҶٺŵķٶһʱΣҪԵģɾڲݵɱ˰ССôܿס
ô죬ǵǵ˸ܻɱ
ҶٺƲƲ˵ȴǲ֪Լ˵ڵ顣
ҶٺԭֻһһĴڣȷɱٵôóʲôļıء
˵ףȴޱѰ
Ҫ˵Ҷٺոյڣ㲻ǿҲǴʱ˿̵ǿԶԸģǷлĵ۹ľӼʱϵǾҪܲʧ˰
ҪԵĽڡԼһЩСϺආȻвҲֻˡ
˸ǵĹâôһᣬҶٺպʮ껹Ҫһܹӵĵ
Ҫ²ܹҪôһ̥ȻԲӵ˴ϻ۽ӡ
£˵Ҷٺһ˸ɵģ޹ءֻҪһҧǲһݲʹߣ޶֤
ҶٺҪһϿ
ȻѾҶٺһͬվǵзȥȴҡͷ̾Ϣ
ܵģҶٺأѾǲʵˣڲŹġΨһİ취ǡ
Ҷٺ¶Ȥı飬ʹӷ¼ѾǰΪСӵǶıˡ
ſǲһһ䣬ֻƾԼһЩˣ㻻ҵİԼҺͻĵ۹Ľ񰡡
һпϵڣڶǵĹעͬʱǿǵķأǴ޵бݣ
ޱȣһ϶Ҷٺ𾪡
Բһͨߣ
ҶٺѾҪСԶԼս֮ϵ뷨
ȷǽǰ÷ˣҪЩɲǼ򵥵鰡Ҫ֪ڵǴ۸ӣҲӵвצİ
Ҷٺҡͷ̾ϢȻ˵ǼΪѵ鰡
Щǿǵķص飬Ҷٺȴʮİա
Ҫ֪ӵʮڰֻҪܹһڣĹǿߣһںۣ
ɷڡ񵺡Լϻ壬ֻҪϵĶϣĹǿҾͲǾֻܹ죡
˵ȻҲ˵Ҷٺﻰ
ҪԸڣֻһ˿ǲʵʰԶԸȻİ
Ȼˣұ㿪ʼһ˰ɡȵԲֵĵط
ҶٺԺ˲Ǽӳ
񵺣
񵺣
Ҷٺͬʱ˵֣ת¶ĵЦ⡣
񵺣ޡƺ½֮ʢص찡
ҶٺУǾͷ·½֮Դں쳾֮⣬ȻҲ϶ӵвͨǿ˰
Ȼںеȴޱصġ


348 
ഫʱ޿̲ڿޱߵںƮĵ죬ȥ˶ܹġ
Ҫ񵺵ûһҲаǧȻںǧʧںֻȻ뿪ĹҲǧ
ʣµһǧ˵оŰٶ˲Ÿ񵺾ͱ֮ϵǿ߸ȥ񵺵Ҳûܹ
ãɼ
еļ֪
Ҫ˵ҶٺҪ֮Ѿ¶ǿػ½Ҫڵ찡
ȻҲ֪ϼ뷨ʵޱѣܹʵֵĻҲֻ֮һ
ڳնʱóޱȣ볤õĳĬ
ʲôطҪβܹ
Ҷٺƽ˵ȴ¶Ȼ΢Ц
ҶٺĹﶼҴˣô᲻أ
ҶȻǵ죬ûи˰
ȻЦȴЦ˵񵺾½Ķ棬ܲҪˡ
ҶٺԼʦСѯȻǲǵģô֪½֮Ҳһյ񵺵ټأ
Ҫ֪ڣҪҳڰ񵺣˽ǧҲû˿취
㻹ǰɣڴһ޷ĸݵĵ
Ҷٺ΢Ц˵֮Ҳûлͷһֱ½Ķɳ۶ȥҪȥѰص񵺣
ҶٺʱѾ޶࣬ҪڶǷ֮ǰ½֮ϵĸڷҶٺܹʵ⽫ڴ½֮Ψһˡ
ͬģҶٺӦ÷ǳҵǣ½Ķȥͬʱʮ֮ڣһµ˫յлһ޴߲ĻֹҶٺӰֶ
ĻеҶٺ˸ʱһ񽣷ɳ۵ľʱҶٺӳһɫɱʹľ
ֳڤ뽣ߣɱʹ֮ˣֳֶũٲߣҶٺ
һѷ·ǴӻĹŴ͸˷ڵϿվþûƣ
֣ĪڵĿǲɣ꾡ʱѱ½ҲҪħͷҶٺ
Ҷٺô뵽ԼΪѾڵ˾֪ܹٻĻռŽǰҶٺû˿ܿԣ
עҪҲҶٺˣΪҶٺѾǰ;ˣҲܻ뵽ҶٺȥѰ·ֻڴ˵е񵺡

һƬľ֮ϣ⻹ǲǧķΧУһµӽ̤նУͬһӰ˸
ȻڴʱȴǺȻһЦͬһ·ĹľԽ£
Ҷٺ
û뿪ǶãҶٺǿ˼벻ϵľͲ궯һаЦĴӿռָȡһöĹʵһ˵ʱɢݶ
Ҷٺħս֮һعʵǺò׵Ĵڵǿнʵ˹ʱлԿһ⵽һʲôĹʵˡ
Ϊһǧǰ㱻ԶߴĹʵǧȻǳˡ
֪ʵ᳤ʲôĶأıӵսأ
ҶٺڴĽʹʵڵϣʱһķҷɢܣҶٺһ̲סһµĳ嶯
ǧǰԶĹʵȻǿޱȣҶٺ˫۵о˸
ȻҶٺڴУʱȥˣҶٺȴûзǹʵκα仯ȻƽޱһҶٺһҡ
ȻаҶٺٴε˰ʱȴûзǹʵκα仯
ⲻǳôΪʲôҰˣ
Ҷٺʧޱȣһʱȴûеȵʲôϲŭģһű㽫ʹʵߵʮһͷ˯Ұͷϣáءһ
ء
˯εоȻҶٺѣҰʱ״̬ҪҶٺ̶
ȻͷʹʵҰȴǷ·𱻴һ㣬ԵĽǹʵһӵУ
໡
ڴʱԭͨͨҰʱһΪҵĺҶٺû飬ܵεȾҵʹܹİ
ҶٺԼûаԼƷͬʱǲһ׸ߵҰԭҰƤʼƤ룬ޱȣ
ͨҰڽһ춯ص䣡
Һϣ̳عʵҰѪãٴηҶٺе𾪵ı仯ԭֻҶٺһ߶ȵҰۿɼٶȷ賤һɿ˲γɣ
ʲôϵҲҶٺѪɱһУ
ֵʵ⡱ֱܣֱӳ߾ԼʦʵѾȵһˣ
ϾȻпĳʵ賤ıʹϻʲô
ڴʱҶٺǰߴֿ·һƶһ㣬ϱһʯһʸǣޱȡ
𡭡
Ҽ˻𣬿춯أ㴫缸֮ͣϢ·ħֻҼֵѪ˫ۣҶٺֱϸгȼգ
ǹʵʲôһͷͨҰһֻʵǿ֣һ
ҶٺֱۣмǿһƻƵĳֵͷ­ȥ
ء
ҶٺһһĹȻֻܽͷҼִõ˼ǼĻɫҼ֮ȴûд˿𺦡
Ҷٺһ˵Ҽһŭ𣬴ʱӵ޾ô᲻ŭѾƵ¯ҼֶȻӿһ棬żǿϢҪҶٺϡҼѾܹʹ似ˣ


349 Ϯ
ȥ
Ҷٺȣ˫ָ߾٣һŴĺɫѾҼȥҲ޿ӱܣ
ҶٺѹĻ
໣
ҼȻҲ֪ҶٺһеһβҪת뿪ȻȴôҲ㲻ǿź
䡭
бѣϯķ絶һз籩Լص
ҸҶٺеǣȻֵҼϵϢٴοʼϴܣҪҲ޵ĻڣĪǹʵҰһ֮ڻγˣ
ŹʵԶžкðҪ֪ǿɲ
Ҷٺ˼֮ʱ޴ޱȣ
ҶٺʩչĻըĺֵеҼٴη䣡
ǲԤףһعʵܹһͷͨҰΪһͷڵްֱķ
οҶٺ֮ǰʮعʵڣ
Ҳ֪Щʵϻᷢʲô飬һȺΪͨǿߣ
ԶӵаĹʵΪʲôǻв֮أ
¾˹߼ĸֳڻ°
ȻҶٺ뾪쵱֮ʱһǼصŭٴλָһƬƽ·ʲôҲûзһ㡣
ɢȥ֮ԭֻʣһŲĹŹ⣬ԼһѿټҰͷһѪɫԲǶ֮ϣ
ǡѾ˵ľˣ
Ҷٺȷǳˣǿŷ·ǳҼԴ֮ϵľѾ£ҶٺķȥѪɫתҶٺһĸо
һŻ޾ɱ¾ʵ
һʱʱ֮ڣһͷҰѾӵ˰ٶȼֱŰ
Ҫ֪Щʮϰǧܹ簡ȻͷҰϡͿĴﵽˡ
ֶͲӦôϡ
Ҷٺ˵һǿżޱȵѾҶٺһɷĩǱһױĲϢȻ÷ŵҼˡ
˴η粨ŸһͣϢޱҶٺʱӦһĵĳһǿҵѪζԼĺˮζ
һߣһͭԵø뺷
ǣϢ
Ҷٺ˸⣬ŸոҪǰǴ˵е񵺣һӺ߹˳ҶٺǰˣҶٺԴ˿еõ񵺵һЩϢء
Ҷٺϲ⣬⻹ǧ֮ںãأǧҲûжôһƫƧĵط
ֻƾһûĿѰң²֪Ҫҵˡ
λ磬㻹ðɣƺʲôҰϮ˰
ҶٺŲɿ죬Ѿ˲ӵԣ˫֮ˣ׹ǵĻ쵤ѾӨ¶ɢ˺۱鲼ϣŨϢɢݶ
ֻǱϱبһ˺ۣӼһ·쵽ƺǱʲôҰ޵צץġ
ֱ֮ϣĿӡֳӡԵÿֲޱȡ
˾ʲôȻӲصܵ뺣ǧĵط
û¡ллˣСֵܡ
ӵһ˫ȵ۾ɫȴǲ԰ޱȣ·ʱᵹһ㡣
ʱҶٺĻ쵤Ƭ֮״ſʼתűԽޱȵ˵
죬ȥڣϵֹˡ
ڣ
ԭҪͨ籨ţЩڵ˿½Ϯĺ
ڵȷǻȥЩ޴ˣҶٺȴǲôȥǰ
ڿԣΪʲôҾͲأ
Ҷٺʱӿôһɾͷűţ˵
ҪڵˣҲԶˮȲ˽ȥЩ޻˰ɡ
㣿
ɻҶٺۣȻǲǰȥʮ궼ëͷСӿԽЩϵǿ˰Ҫ֪ƾǿҲһͷϺüɰ
ȻǲҶٺʵҶٺһҩԭΪصƿʼָֻô˺ЩӸûжأôܿסء
ǺǣҲô
Ҷٺ϶ʱ¶һɰԵޱȵһţȴӲ÷Բ֮ڵľǡһ۶ϳ룬ɫѾҲվˡ
ڵǿѹ·֮
ʵһѾǸ߲ʵ˰
ӦÿԵˡ
һڿˮô뵽ǰòȴӵǿʵĸأ
Ÿһͣ٣ٴ˵
ЩȴȥӰںǲӦӵײе޵ģǴ⺣ˡ
⺣ޣǿǺͬزɲĴڰ
˵ǿޱߵ⺣УǲǿԼ޵ã
ԣͬĵޱȵĵǴǿߵʥأ
˵½ӵµǾ⺣
ǼңҲڣ
⺣Уʱһ˳ǧ֣ǿǴԶʱ
⺣ֻϾ⺣ôһ̬½֮ϵأ
ҶٺüȻҲǾôʱޱȡ
Ҫ֪⺣ں֮ѾӵĪʵ߸ϣ½֮ϵ鲻Ű
Īǵں⺣ϳ˷϶
ȿȡ
߸ɿȼɫ죬ȻϵƻЩࡣ
ҾͲ֪ˣҲһССߣ˵½ĶÿҲһЩϮǰȥ֧Ԯϡ


350 
ȵĳϢһɣǰһǣľʦԵõܺõչˡ
Ҷٺӿռָȡһ龧ʯ͵Ͽӡһġ֣΢ЦͶǰ
⡭¬ô㰡
Ϊ¬ɫһתָŶһ
һҲﲻʲôֻܸһЩ֪鱨ˡϷǴ½صĵطǲ򺣴ǲУɵѰð̰ȫ
񵺲µĴڶϷô񵺵λûԶô
Ҷٺл¬㳯Ƿ򼲳۶ȥ
Сֵմ
¬ԵżޱȣȻǲҪռҶٺδı֮˵ıˡ
ҶٺСһѣ
ҶٺǸڽ췭ظɱħͷ
Ϊ¬ĺŻʹؿڣҶٺȥķлЩµľʯ֮
ôӦһطһˡ
Ҷٺ֪ǣͳһžʯܹڲ֮ķм
֮󣬵ҶٺһСһĻĻ֮ʱ̾
һռǣһ¬ǻƬ½
ȻЩǺˣʱҶٺǰ½ϰ·;УһƺһΪĻУ
ö˶˵һľ֣ôͻȻһƬأ
Ҷٺ̲סԹʱѾƬһֱǰһʱȴȻûܷɳƬ
ײаˣҶٺжʱһֲԤУ
⻨һʲôظֲµĻ󰡣ܹƵǾҪԶ⻨ˣ
ȻҶٺ֪ƫƧûа˼ʵĵطôһʲô˼Կ϶ǣƬһҲ棡
˷ǽ޵þҪˮĸɫ꣬˷ҷŵҶٺķ꣬ʱҪȫľƳ
Ϊģǻ;ƽķ
Ҷٺ˸âʱѾ䵽ûа϶ĻУȳһгĽӡ
Ҫ⻨ҳֻۣҪҵȻ㲻ˡ
Ȼ۾ʲôطأ
ҶٺĿܳ˻ǻûаĶ
˶ĻһͿҲͷˣʱһҰˣ
ӵҶٺ˫֮϶ʱһһȻ档
ɫ澲ȼգȴǸһڰĸо·ܹ衣ɫȼգޱȵҲյŤ
䡭
ֻҶٺ˫һӣŻѾûڻоȼ·ҪƬյһɶһ㡣
ȻҶٺеǣҶٺٻĻ澹ȻֻǻȼƬ̱ϨˣֻʣȭͷĿ
Щ̺εǿȻڵҲֻ˳̶ȵ˺
ҶٺʱеһɻɥبͷȫһҲֻ˳̶ȵ˺Ҫ߳ƬĻãޱȰҲֻ͸⻨ˡ
Ŵγ֮Ҷٺȴûܹҵ⻨
Ƭ·ޱ޾ĻԶҲҲͷȻڴʱҶٺȴһЦƺ󵽵ôˣ˵Ͳǻ
ԭˣôҾͷУ
ҶٺԺȻʣԭ־Ļȫǽ۾ҲΧĻֻƾŸоϵǰߣ
Ͳһ󣬶ĳĵԻֻƾһϵзһģһгԲȦĻҪ߽Ƭе˳ʧ
Ȼˣ⻨еĻȴޱȣȻܹӵǿͷܹΪҶٺҪˡ
˭ҳ
ڴʱԭڱǰߵҶٺͻȻ˫һâѾһȥ
ڷһ˲䣬Ҷٺоһ޵ɱⶸȻ֣ݷҪҶٺһ
Ȼֻ࣡һ죬һ׹ҶٺǰҶٺĸͷǳĳѾ֪ıʲôг룬ʲôҶٺ
Ҷٺֻǰһ񵲵ѾһѩֽƬдŵţϸһþĶǵĺɫ𻨣
֮󣬴˴һսڤ뽣֪¡
ҶٺеѾĻȼֻһ˿Ĺ㡣
ҶٺҪǰѰ񵺵ĽҪͷȻҪҶٺһսһ˭أ
Ȼ֪ڤ뽣ϣ
Ҫ֪ҹɱʱ򣬳֪֮Ⲣ˰
ҶٺüʱѾ뿪ƬȻǷǱڴ˵˼ƽŽǷİ
ļƻҪȻһˡ
ҶٺǲǷս˲ˣҪ½֮ϵµˡ
Ҫ֪Ÿջص½Щԭϱ˻ΪѾħս˰
ΪͻţҶٺֻھƬľֵеĻĵطһɽΪľ֮ء
˫ԾɻľУοܲҶٺҲһʱ޼ƿʩĻ˿ɲʲôСɫ
ҶٺҪúǱޣһֱʱ޿̲ڻϵ
ʱϵѾޱȣʤ󺣣׺ɫֲͬԵŨǳ
ʱֵڵҶٺҪеĻۣ
ֻнϵ۵һ̶ȣܹڽ׵ʺڣܹڵϴ
ֻҶٺϺ׺ɫƣƯյУ
һ۳εӣǿյгҶٺǽ£Ҷٺϲϻ۶


351 ʱ
ҶٺҪսǰϦڵΪ磡
Ȼ֮ҶٺϵһҲûþһ̣ҶٺҪٿؽɽͼǵǿĻĶپֱӾҶٺе
ͬһʱ䣬Ҷٺ̨֮һ䡰Ҷٺͬĳ죬ׯϣȻȴһаĺܡ
ҶٺʽżȻɷħ
Ҫԭֻǳ䵱ʼɾױ
ǽɷħ޳ɣҶٺ㲻ֻӵг䲻ɱУԭǿޱȵľҲҪɱĿɱҲδɣ
Ҷٺʱ׼ܹɷħǿҲǲɱ˰
ֻħ
ȻжܹҶٺ飿
οֻҪԼԪħУҶٺĿԳΪһĹˣ
ǿȵķ¾Ǳʮͬ׵ȫҲԹư
ɷħֱΪʱҶٺķǽħɣټҶٺѾƿ״̬ȭԼѪȵ湦Ҷٺܹʤ۳ڵľǿ˰
⻹ǲҶٺ蹬ڵǿ챦ʯ°
ǿûзκα仯İʯҶٺδȫˣҶٺҲѾܹƾʯʵʵвٿʱ˰
ڵϹҲԲ˶ߡ
ڴʱҶٺİʯռ䵱г˯Ȼûаѵļ󣬾ҶٺѾΧʱٶȼӵޣҲʮʱٶȣҲֻ΢𲻶껺ָˡ
ΪҶٺսʤҹʣ߿ǳ˲ȻҶٺҲǲڵҹʸɱˣҲҪҶٺˡ
ড
յУһĺڵħУһ͵СҶٺһɵĳۣ˫յУһޱȵĺħƵ
¾յħħͫҲûдʱҶٺŨҵħ
һɷħɣ
ҾҶٺѾ²ٷ󷨵ɽУħϵħŨеɫڻУҶٺڼɷħ
Լ֮Ҷٺܹڽɷħʱֶһɱˣ
ࣣ
Ǿ뻨ǧ׵ƫƧɽУһͻأźҹޱȣ·ʲôӵһ㡣
ɽУһ۵ϯضϿ̻ׯ֮ɫϸһŨħ磬еħҶٺ
ʱҶٺͼɷħڵʼһҹ߲ݵľҶٺѾ˶ɷħħɷħҲֻڳϦ֮䣡
ҶٺԣһɫħյлȼգɫԵޱȣ·ޱȰ˲С֡
ǱҶٺħһһ֮±ܸܵɭȻĻħɷħ
ԴѾǿռԼ޾ԹħսսҶٺṩһȡԼԹĳ
˵ħս֮Ͼǵǿħľѳ
ֻˡһ죬Ҷٺڵɽ֮Ҳһɫף·ħͷһ㣬ħֱյһĩٵľ
䡭
ھеҶٺȻ˫ۣ׹Ҷٺֱ·磬ֱӽɽʯڸըһ޴Ŀ
ҶٺѾޱǿľɵЧɷħɵҶٺõʱܹɱˣ
ǿִޱȵĴڣԸ֪ڵܹ䲻Ľ˵ɱ
Ȼþʱ򱻵ˣôʩ˵˺ȴޱȾ޴ġ
ȻЩĺ֢Ѫü̲Ҷٺ˵ȴǲڵģҶٺľߣ
˵񹥻һ̨׵ľΪҶٺɱ
գۼ˻ҷ
ͬһʱ䣬ֻҶٺ΢Ц֣һֻȭͷСɫѾҶٺУĻ¶ȸַܴ·ȵìܸо˸еһ˿ΣգҶٺɷħ
ҶٺһģһòԼһɫۣնħһ˿а
ҶٺħսеǧԹɵħˣֱԺϬҼ̷ǳȼˡ
ħ𣬲ױȵٶȣǿɷħ
ҶٺиǴһ˿ᶨ
ֻվֱ㽫ǱɽܵĽջء
ʱѵһһڤ뽣ҪЮҵ˰ɡ
ȻҶٺճɽ֮ʱһеޱȾȣ˵ǺηʥȻ
ҶٺǰɽҰɫҰûһ˿ɢݶ·ֻ֮һ㡣
ҶٺЩҰӡúܰڵּǿҲȼղ˶٣ǿҶٺǰѾ̹ˡ
ûκι·ֻǰһ㣬ȻȴӵֱǶҶٺһֳƣ
Ҷٺ֪ЩҰʲôʱڵɽ֮ġ
ûаûһ˿һĶɽ֮Ѿ˷츲صı仯
ɽʱ־ҶٺȻûܹо춯Ҷٺͷӿһ˿ԤС
Ȼޱȵˣ²һ㰡
ɷħ֮ļʱ·һˮһ㣡
ȥˣϣ㲻ʧ
ڴʱһķ·һЦԶһɫɴµŮӽ̤նˣׯ񾲵дһ˿ʥµζͬһ佾ʢʻٻŵ񾳻ӳ


352 ʥŮ
ˣѵǴ·Ůɣ
ҶٺԺҲͽôһ˿ɻ漴ޱȵܵ¶ȶȻ½ʮȡ
ʲôˣΪҪһս
Ҷٺ־ޱȼᶨǰ˾ǵˣûŮ֮֡
Ϊһе˶ֻҪΪģ
ӣϲʥŮ
Ǵһ˿ȾζŮ˵ȴǴҶٺϡ
ӾȻǻϲڵʥŮǿһħħŮ˰ȴǸһֶصζ
ԭǻϲڵħŮҺȴǺˮˮΪҪ鷳أ
ҶٺվɽǰȻ·һ޷ɽ
ǺǺǡûйϸ𣿼Ȼ͵ѧһϲڵȭӵС
Циһ˿ŵĹâҶٺעӶȥҶٺеһޱȵѹ
ս죬ħսɱҹʣڤ뽣ôı°
Ҷٺжʱһ޾ɱ⣬ǰ˾Բ
ÿ˵һ֣ҶٺеɫǸһ֣
ӾȻ֪
Ҫôôұȫɣ
Ҷٺţһޱɱɢݶǵأ·޾һ㣬ɱ
Ҷٺɱ֮˵Ҫɱ
ѾͬĻɽһҶٺȴȻһƵӣɫ˸
֮ǰƺвٶû׵ģҸɣĺĴˣ
ǰ񳿾ɾޣԴȭ˽֪һţж֪һİܻĸˣ֪һˣΪڣΪħΪȺ꣡
ɱ¶ˡ
Ǻǡ
ȻЦЦޱȲ˹ɫìޱȡ
û뵽ɣˣ֪ĺԴ򻨾ϧ󹦷ϧ֮ҹ֮֮겻ݣɱ񳿵ͽͽ
ԭһĺҶٺ겻ѡ
⼸ǰ񳿵ծֲҪҲҪȥǸѾ֪˻ǻΪ񳿰
ǰӵĻҶٺ˹ԭ֥Ǵ˻ϲϧġʰ˰һҹġǡˡ
ѹֵҶٺҪǡʰںϵԼĹȴʼ޹ԭԼġǡסˡ
ǺαأǶڹȥˣֺαҪǵİأ
ҶٺȻ˵ʱֱоԼһ˵ҽʦһ㣬ǰӷħϵа
񳿵Ĵ˾Ǻһ޳ܣ
¶ɫ˫ֻѾжɢ컨ĻյƮѾҶٺǰ
ǰծɣ֪ȭܹסģǾҵġ򻨾
ҶٺɫƽѾǰԶҲŲæһѪâѾһͷѪɫʨȥҪ䳹ɣ
ǺǺǡѪڶأΪñҵ򻨾סĹͿôֻȭһ£㻹֪ѪĳСħͷ񳿵Ľ̵Ⱑ
аϸָһǺâѾή˲仯ɻң
˲㣬ҶٺѾ򵽵ڶصѪҲӵ򻨾
ҴĿҶٺ֪һŵϢҹħ촴µѪȻֻ񳿵ֻƬָģ
ȭкεǿ󰡣
ô湦ʵǣ򻨾ǿȭ֮Ѫ
ȻҶٺʱֻʱʱ֮⣬Ҳֻе˵ڶصѪǿΪȭֻ˵һأ
ӵĿУ򻨾ͬΪأȭһһӦһһƣ
ȻǿܵģҪ֪֥ӿ񳿵Ů˰񳿵Ĺʲôȱô֪ܲ
һأ黨޻ʶģ飬
ڶأ޻ңģ飬ɫ࣡
أջһյޣ绯أգ
ǰӱѾ򻨾ڶأҲ޻磬ܹķ񹦷
ֻƾ򻨾ĵڶأӱܹΪǿ߾ˣ൱ڷĴ˰ҶٺõĹ򲻿Ტۣ
ǰӾʲô
Ҷٺĸ֪Уֻкһ޶ΪȻѾ򻨾ڶصľ硣
Ҷٺֻǽȭһصľ簡ȫͲͬһεʵˡ
ߣһ񳿵⼸Ψһӵɣ
Ȼһ˿΢ЦŵվյУһ¿ȥףͬϵ¡
ҶٺɱɭȻ뽫ǰ֪ܵŮӸɱȻȴƾŽҶٺѪâĸַҶٺ֪ԼѾѪѪҲδܹеù
ǶֽҶٺĹɻҰûаֻǻּĶ
ôܹЧģֻһܣǾ˹߷ѪѪǹԿģô

Ѿܹ÷ˣһǼΪֲĻ
ôҾͲˣ޾ʹɣޡ
յУʮϸָӡһɷ·֮һǿֱҶٺѹҶٺĹͷҲѹžֱ졣
ݡ
ֻһ޼ʵĻ֮ϣǧ򻨰˷û˿ɱ֣еķ֮оҶٺ
ȫҪҶٺиǧ鰡


353 򻨿ռ
ҶٺðӵʵԲСͶһҲʺڵҶٺЩмܲס
ֻҶٺ߶ʱŸɫ̫ޱȵҲյûҶٺľ񹦣
̫߹Уأ׺ɫͬˮĻ£ӲǽҶٺܰΧûð㲻Ϸ贩Ļ괩͸
Ǿ񹦣ѾҶٺԽӵֵֹûа˺
񹦱ڻеģڿľеĹӵЧ
ȻҶٺķسɹȻȴ·Ӷһ㣬Ȼס΢ЦȴϲޱԵùǳ
Ͳȭֵôôұ㽫ȭƳˡ
ӽȣȴǴޱߵɱ֮˷Ŀ·½ȡ
ѩ躮
ӷ·ħһ֮ʣҶٺʱоߵ¶ȶȻ½ʮȣ˪Ʈ㣡
Բʮѩ裬ҶٺҲеһɳǺֱҪ׶ɱ񣬸к˪ѾҶٺ
ء
˪ŭԭյеҶٺٻ̫ѩֱӱըըâ
˵Ǵѩ躮еҶٺǲҪɱˡ
Ҷٺľ񹦾ȻҲ׵ıƵ
ȻҲҶٺϵеˣҪ֪Ѿﵽڶص򻨾⡶񹦡Ҫػߵزܹƥаɣ
ȥˡ
ѾһǵҶٺٲͻѩ躮Ҳûлˣ
ֻҶٺ϶ȻһǿޱȵĻѹ׺ɫͬľط
ʥа죬ɱ
ޱìܵĸоͬʱҶٺϣ
ʱҶٺѾоͬһ쫷һ㳯յеӳȥ˿ǲƮѩ
ͬʱǰѾƬͣٵʱ䣡
ʱ򣬲ٿʱ䣡
ͬһʱ䣬ҶٺֻѾֵȺٶοȻյһͷ˸Ĵ֣ûа㶯Ϯȥ
ӵϷҲҪҾԿƵʱ䵱ɣƣ衭
ҶٺǾһȭ֮ȫ··һ˿Īת趯̼޵ɽȥ
Ȼ޻ɫ࣬ôʲôһжֻޣعƽŰɣǧ࣡
ȻڴʱûҶٺȺٶοٻӵϣԭֹʱѾ»ָһޱȵѾӡյУ
֮ܵУ
Ҷٺĸ֪УԭѾ˵İϬĹյеƳ֮ʧ٣·ûгֹһ㣬Ҳ·ҪƬհһ㣬Ҫʧ½֮ϣ
򻨾ĵڶؾ޷һУĨɱһУ
һɲǵʱ䣬ҶٺѾӽҪܣ
úãǧȻѪѪ
ҶٺȣһŲǰ򻨾ϹͷԼҪͱĸо˫ֽӡ䣬һѪѾҶٺԼԲһڵȥ
ҪֵҲֻ÷ֵڵǿսԭ
Ȼڵǿ߾Ͷ䶼ܽطóڱܹطֻˡ
ݡ
ѪһҶٺԭѾҪƬյʱһأٴλعƬռ䡣
ͬһʱ䣬ҶٺĲٿ֮£ǵصѪɫâѾױӹɱȥ
ױħɱݺᣬв֪ͨδѪʱɵˣ
ȻѪУȴȻ壬·ֻͥŲһ㡣
ֻµһӣһյ˲֣ɱûҷ𣬾ѪҲһƻơ
ǧôѪǰҲֻֽͬһ㰡Ǹտʼأ
ЦݶʱһͣɭȻɱ¶Ϊǡ򻨾ڶصʹˣʶһ°ɣ򻨸ƿա
˫ֵжʱŰ׹⣬ɱѪвƣԵòֲޱȣ
ͬһʱ䣬ҶٺͷʱֳһɿǰΣУ·ƬҲҪһ㣡
ԡ
ҶٺĿɿڴı鵱У˳ٻѪ׵ͬѵļһ˲ɢյУ
ۡ
Ҷٺ͵ĳһѪԭٻԶʵѪ彫ˣʱԼϵѪˣҶٺʱܷش
Ȼش֮ҶٺֻȻһ𾪵֮ϵ䡣
ʲô
Ҷٺɫ԰ޱȣӽ͸֧յеĿֲ󣬷·ĩ١
ȻյУصŮƺʼնûƶ˿λãʵԿֲޱȣ
ϲ򻨸죬򻨾ڶصռɱУǵ֥Ҳûлɱа
ҡͷ̾ϢȴǴżֲм
򻨸죬ȭͬľתҲˣ
ҶٺǰһƬ磡
ѪǧƬ֮ͷԼѾվһƬɫ֮ϣǼ⻹һ滨㡣
Ҷٺ֮ԭĹľ뻨Ѿʧ˷ֻһƬѩףһƬޣ԰׵־塣
յУھƯ׿Ļǻ䣬ĺ
յУһָֻСĻ껺£һ¾ͬһɽһ㣬ҶٺĹͷҲѹžֱ죬أܣ


354 ϱǿ
ȡ
ҶٺѪ磬ŸճƬ統о͸ܵһױȵϷ
򻨸ֱǴһµĿռ䰡⻹ܹ飬¾ߵʵҲ˰
ǺǣǲǾڻĿռƯ÷֮İֻôһܱȵ򻨾ĵؾ˰ǿ
¶һ˿񣬺ò롣
㾿ʲôˣʲôͼ
Ҷٺ飬ϾͬɽѹһĿֲѹǰֱӶѣ
Ѿ֪ʲôεǰҶٺͬһ㲻һĲҲҪֱӱ鰡
ܹطͷ·ֱܹ֮һ㣬Ҷٺⲻڵֵܹ
һڵܹʩչ似
Ѿõó뻯طǰڵľҲҪ޵
ȻӢ۳꣬½֮ӺյҶٺȻǴϻ۲
ɫȻ񾲣·ԶҲ仯һֵıɽŮһ㡣ֻŵһɫϷͬӣȴо硣
ҵȷǻϲڵʥŮȴҲڵˡ
ڵʲôĴڣͲҪ֪ˣΪѾҪߵͷˡ
䣬һɸ߸ϵֱҶٺѹҪҶٺѹڵء
ȻȻѾûаҶٺôͷûܹͷ­
ӿȵѹʵʣҶٺҲѹü۶ϣȴ޷κ֣
뽫ôڣںڣҸƴˣ
ҶٺϺ׺ɫƣȴȻѹüϨһɱҶٺϷҪ򻨸
ûõģǧ֮֮˵ĹЩѾҪ˰ɣ
ӵȻ˵˫΢䣬ҶٺƮĻǷʢЩΪǿҵѹֱҪҶٺѹ⽴
ɽ
ӾȻҪ֧Ҷٺڵ˽Ǹ
ԭ֮Լһ׼ʱ䣬ɱģ
թȻʹ˹ơ
Ҷٺ϶ʱһǿս⣬ǽµĻҲʵã
ѾҶٺʵǿ֪ٱĿռ䵱УҶٺȻӵһս֮
ֻҶٺܰ׹˸߿ֱʮ׵ǳѾܡ
Ե鶯
߿ǳʱ˸ʱȻɽת䣬һɹǿҵתһɫ˲ܣҪУ
ҫ£ҶٺѾﵽһǾȭǿɱУ
Ƶ·Ҷٺʹȭⱻǰӵ򻨾סĹ
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Ҷٺڿϳôȭ
¶м˿ûΪҶٺʩչҫܹ򻨸ķеȣҲûΪԼ޾նֻ֣̿򶨵Ц
̶ֳȵĹ¾ҲҪΪ߰
ţҶٺӽھ̵Ŀ⵱УǺϵ߿ǳûɵĿʼʧûаף
ˡ
ղȻƮ㣬ǺڶҲ̼ʧӰ٣ûд˺
ҶٺʩչȭҲ޷κǰŮӡ
ȭһأҲǹĲΡôǵ֮һнҪޣ
˫һӣҶٺĻ֮ռѾʧҶٺ³ƬľԵС
ۡ
ƵҫµҶٺڵٴμؼ֣ҲӲҶٺѾֱӴӰյг׹ȥ
ȻûҶٺ䵽֮ϣ˸ֱ۴ֵɫѾ׵ĳҶٺͷ֮ϣ˲佫ҶٺУ

ҶٺŸձͻȻֵסͬʱһĺڵĹѾ˸ֱҶٺ֮ϣҶٺǼ̵Ҳȼô鲼
֮⣬ȻյУɫȹƮ··
ֻӻҡͷ̾Ϣ
һ׵ȥģ⻨ɷΪ򻨾е淨ԽԶУܻĥǣھɣ
֣һȥɱģ
Ҷٺץһֱ֮ͨϿ߼ʵѪɫ˫Ҳǻɷ޸˺ۣ
û˿ŭ·ûҶٺĻһ㣬ɲǼѾ߳ʮ֮⣬ֻʣһССıӰ
Ҳûˡ㽫ǵΥڵǸǻĵ۹Ҳһ˵ġ
ʧľٴһƬžԭֻʣһ·ͨصѪɫԼĬĬŷ·һĲпʹҶٺ
ɶ񣬸ư
ȥʱ֮ҶٺѾƾž˵ĻָٶԼڰʯռ䵱еĻ쵤ϼΪصƸȫ
Ȼǻ쵤ҲβĥǰҲ⻨ɷ޸͵ˡ
ɷޣ򻨾е湦ҶٺѾԼõйȫʹһ飬ɰ˸ѪɫΧƶɵû˿ҡ·Ҫڴǧһ㡣
ѵҪڴĬĬô
ҶٺʣʱԼȻڵʵеεȵĲʰҪǿǿ
ֻвϱǿܹ
ǧ֮⻹һȺҪȥӪȵİ֪ǵеأ
ڵѾжҪΧ˰ɣǲŸոսôܿסЩΪֲϹĹ
Ҷٺ˫۵жʱâҪǿϱǿ


355 
ȭȭľ͵в֥Ӵġ򻨾ôν򻨾ô
εУҶٺ˫̸Ϻ׺ɫƶ𣬾ǲʱµҪҶٺĥĹҲ֡
һߵḶ́һ۵Ḷ́
⻨ɷȻҶٺУȴûнסǱ鲼Χ
һ̣ǻ۳һ磬еҶٺۼ
ȻҶٺӵеѪѾڶؾ磬ǵҹħݺ½ľ簡ҶٺȴȻû㹻ʵ֧Ѫķӣ
˵ף⡣
οҶٺѾʴɲħֻҪҶٺٽ۵㹻ĳ̶ȣƾѾ㹻ǿѪҶٺܹڵеǿ֮У
ȻܴܲӻȾ߳ǿ߱δ֪֮ˡ
⡭
ֻεһ죬ԭڵ˫۽յҶٺϵѾһ΢ı仯·Ҫӡյһ㡣
⻨ɷʱ֮ҶٺѾ׳ڵʺڣ
仯δֹֻͣҶٺֻǾڵϣϲƵĺ׺ɫѾͬһƶԾޱȣԵøΪ䣬Ƕ鶯磡
˵֮ǰڵҶٺϵ໥ôʱҶٺԭˮˮѾԵøΪ䣬Ϊǿᣡ
ͬʱҶٺΪڲϵֱܣֱӵʺڵ۷״ֱ̬ôССһܹƿڵڣͨԪ񣬲ط
ôһֵлܹõ˳̶ȵĽⲻò˵Ҷٺ컯ˣ
ҲеģҪ֪ڵҶٺѾħս֮Уǵõһֱӽڵ澭ⶼҶٺطԼĸǰδеĸ߶ȣ
ͺһˮͰҶٺܵľ嶼üΪߴˣʱȱٵıֻˮͰеˮˡ
ѾʺڵƿҶٺΪҲ޷֣ʱҪĲһԵ
ȻҶٺȴȻụֹ̂ͣȻڲϵУϸеǹ˸ȻŸճֲñ㱻ܵĹ˲ĥȴԴԴûоͷ
Ҷٺڲڻɷ޵еҪ͸ʩչġ򻨾еİڣ
Ҷٺӵģ񳿵ȭԲֹô򵥣Բ׵ľͱǡ򻨾סġ
ȭĻᱻסôҶٺ㽫ôӴ޵¼䣡Ҷٺʶ⡶򻨾¾޵а
ܹƽ湦ؾҪ⹦֮³Կġ
򻨾ϺޣһнΪգÿµľǰ֥Ӿ˺εȱҵĴˡ
ҶٺҡͷԽ⻨ɷ޵еԽܹ̺ܵ޾ˣ
ͬһʱ䣬Ҷٺǻɷ޽סʱǧ֮ǵС
ؾʦҪڰյǮʯҪֻϵ߲ܹ󷨣һֲСݳް
Уһ׵Ľ˵ǰվһٴˣ
һ󷨵ȷǲҲһʱˡЩϰգȴܹǺú
˾ų֮һƬƬӣܲܶɹ˽٣Ҫزˡ
ڴʱԼڵķ֮⣬һ
ˣһΪ¬һ˵ǰ
Ŷ
תͷ˵
ǽŵŻ򿪣һŨü۵ĺѾ˽һͭӿȥǷһɰ¶
¬ҶٺǼġ
Ǻɫƽ㳲ϲֻǻӿڴóһžʯӡҶٺ֡
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Ǹ񳿾ŮЩʲôֻʣ˼ĸŮΪ
ҶٺҲΪǴ˵е֥еֵˣôһĺҲֵȴ˳ô
鰮鰮ʼԴĦĶ˭˭ֻûνĶԴأ
Ҷٺҡͷ̾ϢǰĿԧȻǱճ
ΪʲôͲܵأҪȥ
пˣҶٺҪ취ƽ⻨ɷޣֻܹڵ˽ǻ֮ǰϻȥⳡΣѣ
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ȻҶٺû㹻ʵ⻨ɷ޵еķѾѪĵҶٺܹпһġ
ͬһʱ䣬ӵԵҶٺԺв⻨ɷ޵ԭѾܹʩչ⻨ɷ޵似ˡ
飬ģһҡɱһУһУ
ҶٺԺжʱһʧĻҰʱҶٺԺУҶٺܹ˲ᵽǻɷ޵⾳
Ұܣ⡶򻨾һֳлĹ
ԼܹˣҲ㲻Ҫˣ
ʧȥԼΪеĳޣȷôҵĻһὫҳҪô˵ҪôһƽԼŰȴǲǵġ
Ҷٺƶʱһ䣬ԭҶٺߵ߿ǳҲ˲٣


356 ɱһ
ҶٺȻһı仯Ǿʲô仯ȴû˿֪ˡ
ͬʱǽҶٺеҲǻɢ˲ɢյУ
ǲϳҶٺкҲʧ١
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Ҫƽ⻨ɷޣҪô˳УУȻܹ⿪
ҪôУ䳹ѹƶ£һҲܹ䳹׻
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ϣȡ
ҶٺޱصɫתۼѾʧƬЩɵĹľֵУҪϻԶǧ֮ǣ
ʱҶٺѾȥʱжˣһҲڱڵΧ˰
ҶٺٶȲ죬µʱֻܹһƬˡ
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ΣҶٺҲǱƵġ
ȻѾȥôʱˣôܻأ
Ҫ֪ʱڴĿ½֮ϵİڰǿӵǧӵоǿ似Լֵ̬Ĵڰ
ҾҶٺ뿪ʱǿҲûеİ
ѵҪЩ켣ͨڵеɢô
ǻССǵôȻǲܵģ
ΣڵϦ
㰡ٿһ㰡
Ҷٺ߶޲Լٳһ˫ֱӷɵǣ
ʱҶٺѾһ׹⣬յм۶Ҳ΢΢
ҶٺɲϣԼǻһƬ棬ڵ֮ԻǰǣɶҶٺΪֻǵһ޹ʧˣҶٺҲԭԼģ
ԼԼ
ǧʺڵҶٺ˵ҲתۼĹ򣬾Ҷٺһ˫ѾеѪ۾֮ʱѾܹԶֵһǳأǽΡɽǣ
ʱһƬţֱҶٺħսеһǣǿɶûаŵ˵ĵط
ջϡϡм߽ǳѾգûа𺦣·û˽ȥһ㡣
Ȼôܰ߿ܹ񽣶еǿ߰ߴʮ׵ĳǽ˵һȽϸߵ˰ˡ
ϿգȻһ˿ɱԴѪɱ¾ǿ߱ľǿս⣬ҶٺҲܹиܵһ˿⡣
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һ촫ʱһƮȻǵƮ֮ϣеһ󲨶ǡޱȵҶٺ֪
ǵлеֿߣҶٺо˸Ȼڵǵսôǵлˣǻһ
֪Ǿ̵֮Ҷٺû˿ɣʱһ׹⣬ǿޱȵ˲Ƶķ
ǵУҶٺܹ֪Ĵ˵Χǳ߽ʦϵΪ߱ѾʮˣһСС˵Ѿޱȿֲ˰
ǳУһϱҫ۹âߣΪǵѾǼΪǿĴˡ
ȻһΪͬˣҶٺеһ
Ҫ֪ڴʱ˵ûκѵİ
ߣȻѾˣЩҪҸϾɱ˾ͱ
Ҷٺأ˲䴫ǵСûʱ䣬ҶٺѾǵĳ֮ϣ
ǲҶٺԭûħս氡
ǵĳҲ֪ܲܵסڵ˵Ĺϰǿ߰
ҶٺɨǵĴڣȻôÿһֱأġ

ҶٺŸսǵУʱĶУ޷о
ֻǵΧȻûаٻĺۼȻûܵ˺İվڽͷĩҶٺͻȻֵǿ۲ѡ
ڵҲûжЩͨôǶԼĽ黳
Ҷٺڵ˰ֻҪҶٺʵɾ
Ѫ֮λĳģڽһս
ҶٺҪǰǳ֮ʱıʱһ䣬һɫѾƥҪҶٺ˺Ƭ
Ҷٺֻ󰡣ҲûɥȪ
ͬһʱ䣬һϺɫ۵İڵĴһƫƧĽ仺߳Ҷٺɳ۶ʺڵΪҶٺޱȸ֮߳Σڵһߣ
ߣڵ
Ҷٺ䣬ֻ˫һӣһͷѪɫѾ˲佫ߵͷ­˸ѪһʺڵҲ޷ѣ
˲佫һʺڵ߳ɱҲû°
ʺڵ߾ȻҲҶٺһ֮С
ȻҲнҵĳɷִڣУҲᱻҶٺһѪâͷ­ҶٺʵѾ˿־ˡ
ɱ
䡭
ҵսϴǷڳǷĽϵ˻ֻһ֪ڳǱߵսʮֲҡ
죬ʳڵߣôܼôãһҲܰ
Ҷٺ֪£ȻǳΧȷϰٵǿϢиʳڵǿߣ
Ÿո̾꣬ҶٺѾʺڵҶٺ·Ѿܹյһ㣬˷ֲʵ
ټϴʱûа¶Ҷٺߵڸ߽ǰҲ޷
ɱһҶٺҪڵߵͷһ


357 ǿϮ
תۼ䣬ҶٺѾһӰϢĳǷ·ͨһĳ׿⣬Ѿܹܵһɹɱ¾֮ϢдŨޱȵȥ
ŨѪϢǵؾôⰡ
ҶٺĬļ٣ҪǧȻʣϰٸɱ
ȻûҶٺѾɵˣǰȷһƬľ
Ȼ˭ɱ˭˭ڽ˭
ֻԭͨʯɵĳΧһѾֻǵɫĹָǣӲǽڵϰ߸⣬ϻ˵ߴ۵ʬ壬ʮߴŸɫ·ʬ塣
ҶٺǰվڶŵеȴڵϰԼǧֳֵ׳ȻҲʮʦԼ֮µߡ
Ȼܹڶˣһ˳ʱ䣡û̫
ҶٺЦޱȹ죬·һͷҰһ㡣
ʱҲûڵϵǿ֣߳ҶٺôǰЩǿҲʳڵأ
һ棬ڵҲһȻбɫŨޱȵĺȵ
ǵͶ޵ģɱʹߵħͷҶٺǱҪ˵سΪƽأ
ԭЩڵ˻Ҫ׷ҶٺΪڣҪǳеִ߳׻
Ȼһ룬ֻ·Ѫڵʳǰըѩ׵ʴѾȥǴɳһŵһۣҪ뿪
˲ɱ
ʩչȺٶοҶٺεǿ󣬼ֱǧֱһȭҲըñ
ɱ
ԼһǿҲˣڵ˶ʱ㼱ˣԪƻأǵصĹҶٺȥҪҶٺ׻Ƭ
ȻҶٺô׵ıԷŰҶٺ·һ磬ַ·Զߣûκζܹϡ
ͬһʱ䣬ԭڵ߶ŵǧֳָʽҲ˻ųڵĵӳȥ
Щ˴̥ȻȴǱڵĵӶһӵϽ
ء
ҵսУûҶٺһѾյըҲò
ͬʱǱɫǵĳڣһһһ߸·ҳһŵսżѾֵļһԼҶٺܵǵе¬
ǿо˰ʣһ谭ڵҲǱֵˡʱڻˣǿĽˡ
ĸߴ¬һͷĸ߶ȣųĳ
ǰ֮ǰǲڴƣΪľҪҶٺ
ȻĻֻҪ·ϰߺò˰ʱҪɥȪˣ
Ȼڴʱؼʱ̣Ҷٺڸϻˣ˵ǹĵģ
Ҷٺ֮ͬ˵Ĺһ㣬ӵҶٺĴڣǶȻս
ǰһǱˣ͵ѾˣٵȥˣǴźûһͬҲҪǳԲ˶ߣ
¶һ˿Ц⣬ȴǼ˵ǷĿô
вУʱܹ֪ˡ
¬ų·ѾͬɱһҶٺɱʣ޼ڵĵӣ¶һ˿ĪЦ⡣
ڵǲҪסˣҲѾɱˣް֮ǣȥǽ֮ϣ
ԭɱ𾢵ҶٺȻ̧ͷѾһһӰͷϷɳ۶ֱǳǽķȥҶٺǰ¬
һﵽҪʲô
Ҷٺ˦źڰɫƵֻأҪ¬ǰȥ
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ڵԮսѾҪ֮ǰҪϲ٣
ݡ
ХҶٺ֪֮£ɫ۵ڵĴ˷Ƿɳ۶
ԭλƽԭ֮ϣ˷һƽƽأûа
ٶ߿Ǵǵ˷ҶٺͷҲܻǽȫ
䣡
䣡
ͬʱĵޱǿϢǵǽ֮𣬽ȴʺϱǿơ
ʺڱڿɳǵǿսȻҲ½֮ϵĲĹ涨
ڻ᲻ɳһͨϹǰɱҶٺδ֪֮ˡ
һʵ̬ĸ֣¾ҶٺҲҪסǸͲҶٺֵֻֽܹĳһƬ棡
һ棬Ҷٺ¬Ѿɳ۵ŵϷǰĿǻѹѹһȺ߰ϵʵʣ
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ҪǱֻɱ֮ˣҪӦеĴۣɱ
Ϊ׵ޱȣܾ¬֮Զ˫һ֮䣬ҲͻȻһ·Ҫĺڰһ㣡
ͬʱһߵ˲¬ͷ֮ϣǧ£µɫʯͷҲѹáԡ죡


358 ؤ
Ƶ·֮һĹԽʦѹ⽴¬Ҳ˲䱻ѹÿѪĭ
УڵĸڴˣǾ㷢ǶҲֲκκô
¬ǿǿҵѹ
ʱʺڵ߶˵֮Ĳ࣡
ϲŸһ֮ʣڵĸϰѾͬȳһ㳯ǵз
²룬Щ֮µԽǵĳǽǵصĹܹ·
Ҫǻ𰡣
Щڵ߼֮ǰϰ߱ɱľ
ҪͨҲҪһͬɱ
ȻڴʱûЩڵĵӹǵУһƮƮĻͬʱѾҪ¬С
ǻǴ󵨰ʺڵĸֶ԰ϲ
˵ʱʱ죬Լ¬ֻǰһԭϵ֮صѾʧӰ٣ٿǰǷŻǰʺڸѾʧˣ
ԣһ۵ӿȻƵᣬҶٺ
¬ŷӦԭҶٺǡøϵʺڵĸʱˣ
Ȼˣôǵļƻ˳ˣ
¬һ˿⣬δɹǽϰߣ¶һ˿ڵЦ
ôϷҪʼˣֻɱ󡭡
ˡ
ͻȻ䣬¬һǵ֮ʱһɷ֮⣬һҶٺҲеĺɱ֮
˵ʱʱ죬Ҷٺ𾪵Уһŷ·һĺӰֱ֮˸⣡
һһɳķǹûа͸ȴܹҶٺҲܵһĪɱ
ǹ޴ڣɱ¶ǳǽԼֱ֮ССĿռôɵĿڶĳǹޱȾ޴

໡
ʱ䣬ûһߴǿĹǵУѾǵضķǹֱӶŲһǹȥ㱻ɱʮˣ
ĺڳǹޱȷɱˣû˿УȴӵзǷ
һ˸ߵĳǹ޷ɱЩʵǿߣأǸĳǹأ
οЩǹڴе֮һҵıըЩߵĻҲҪըһ󲨶
ˡ
ָǹɢµڵ߳ǵĳǽͶһһȴཫʯĳǽҳһҪǹ˸ͨ͸ˡ
ֻɱȻϬ񱩵Ĺû֮ǿڴ˸޷ư
Ҷٺҡͷֻ̾ɱǵķҪ
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ȥһ⼸ѣҲҺܾˣ
ҶٺЦͷԣֻһ仰ʧӰˣֻԼ¬۵Сۡ
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Ҷٺڽͷ뽭ɽͼе֮ףϣ
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ȻȴŴαǵضķǹòϺˣΪǹɴ⬡
ЩߵУһѪɫâеȴԵҫ۷ǷͷһѪɫ߹ңֱĸǹ飬ߵʮǰٶױܹǵĳǽ
ҵٶҪٿһˣȻŵ˾ܿǹսˣ
Ҷٺҧ˲ʨӡһͷʮ׸ߵʨųɱȥעɢ
ͬһʱ䣬һ˲佫У
ʺڵһʧµʮڵĵӱ˲ƴ֣ĸǹɱðˣ
ӹȥҶٺѾʼʩǽ֮ºԼһʺڵĸָȦ˽ɽͼУ
ɽͼóӡӡʺڵĸҲûκΰ֡
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Ҷٺĸ֪У֮⣬һʧڵԮҲҪ֮⣡
ͬʱҶٺһţ϶ʱֳޱ˷ܵɫתۼѾ֮ϣԼ¬Ŷϲݿܡ
ţӭǵѵ
ҶٺҰ֮ѹѹһƬĲӻߵķʿӴ鰡
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ͨ˶ɫʯͷͣڴɫǵƽԭ֮ϣλ½еȳǻĵ۹һϴĳС
˵ǣӵѸٵ½ÿ


359 
һսҪ֮أĵ۹ȻܹҶٺûκαһֲٿش½ľް׷ɱСռ죬Ҳ֪ʲôĿġ
ʱܹһݲеѾţӭҶٺռ֮ĵһѾؤ
Ҷٺ֪֮£ҶٺԿźѹѹؤڵεؤУ
ֻһͷѪɫ֮ϣϼţȻʵѾܹƵǷ˵еһһˣâ䣬ɢһɵϺ͹֮Ҷٺͷ
Ȼ޷ȴҲʧΪһӢۺܣƾͳؤڵʵ;һɱϵ
ͷоȻܹðڵΣǰ֧ԮҶٺҶٺ벻İ
Ҫ֪ʱ˭֧ԮǣɾڼڣǿҪڵǿڵðİ
ˣҶٺĴʯͷҲҪˡڵİ߾ɱˣǿʱĹ
ȻؤڴˣǰҲҪʵˣ
ϴЩʲôˣ
ڴʱվҶٺԵǴӷϵĹ֮»ָ·Ѿǵеĺѹѹͷľɻ
ЩȻҵˣǰ֧ԮڵвҪˡ
Ҷٺ΢ЦҪԵԼ¬ǰȥм档
ȻûҶٺȴһģȻǿ·ʿ
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Ҷٺһ̹ȻĿ˿ȴûжŭֻȻ΢Ц
Сɷľˣؤ˿ɺúܣôܻǵأԼˣ
ҶٺŸ˵꣬Ѿ¬·ɳ۶ȥҲһƵɫ
磬ʱܹ㣬Ҷٺĸ
ҶٺЦ⣬˫纣Լ¬Զûнӹ㳯˵
еĶ鰲һϢĵط
һµҶٺȻҪؤڰһϢ֮ˣҪ֪ǵҲûжܹפߵĵطԭҲǿפ֮İ
Ȼ˼ѾˣҶٺҲñ˳ȥ֮˰
ʱ֮ؤѾİ±פͬĵطǾһĿտ֮ء
ȻǰѾӵʵؤﾫӢڣǳ֮ǰ٩٩̸
ҶϿˣΣգΪôܲһأ
Ȼƥ֮ϣо˸ٲȻһλսɳĽ
ҶٺҲ˵ֻ󾲾վŵϰ߼İڣͻȻп
ؤҲǶȹ˥˰ʮӢڣʳڵĸ߽˰
ߣѾǿޱȵһ˰ƾǰ¾һСɻһƩһĳܹ˰
Ǻǣ˵Ѿؤｫ˳ɵıˣؤ֮˵Уǿʼû˰
Ÿ˵бһ˿įȻǶԼؤŪպ޲ѡ
ôܹأҲֻؤ溦°
Ҷٺ˵ȴͻȻʲôתʵˣͺͷأ
Ҳʲôɫ·˵һȤһЦ
ŶڴѪתأԭǻںһͬ·ģȴ;ʧɢˣ·ˡ
ǺǡһЩСˡûϵǾڴ˼ǡ
Ҷٺ˵תҪнúһ
ǵġ
ڴʱȴ¶һ˿ѰζЦݣתҶٺ˵ˣҶϣ֮ǰҿһô
Ŷʲôأ
Ҷٺһ˿âн쿴ôҶٺȴû˿仯·ûκ쳣һ㡣
΢΢̾˿¶һ˿ĳݣģҵؤﾭһ޴ĲֱۣѾĹͷˡԲŵ뵽һܺõĿԽΣķ
ҶٺɫƽȴǶԴ˸еǳ˵ʲôأҶٺ԰æĶȻġ
Ҿ֪ҶϻӦҵġ
ظ¶õı飬ȴͻȻЦùޱȣӽǾǣһãͳڣ
Сģ
һֱעеı仯һֱеȥһɫ⣬ҪҶٺ¬뿪
˵ʱʱ죬¡һ֮һзԲ״ѾҶٺԼ¬˰ǧŭҪ䳹ըΪ̿
д󺺵ʱվк󷽵Ѿ˲䷢󷨣ҶٺԼУڵǿѹ¬ɫ䣡
ߣУҾ֪˴ǰè壬ͼʲôأҶٺҲţƺƴ޶ãֻյһ߿ǳ˲Ҷٺڼ䣬׵ı㽫ܵ׸⣡
Ҷٺڷʵк˵˵֮ʱѾ鵱Σ
˵ģп´бģ
λöأؤ𣡰ó㲻
вⱴЦڿ֮󽫷緶
ΪѾס˵㣬ܹѾôʮߵİ
Ҷٺû˿ӦŰ߿ǳȻȻԼ¬ܲ͸磬ĵɫŨޱȡ
ڵĻԪ׽󣬹ԭͶ˰


360 
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·ĶȮһ㲻ϰޱԹҶٺ
ҿɲ׿Һڽа壡ַֻʽؤԻͣ
ǰвһ߾ҲԶ޷ﵽϲİҶٺľֺεȵأ
ûҶٺôõԵõһԸıһʯ
ǰȷǲ֮ˣȻڡôҲͺԼ°ң㾹Ȼѡݺҡ
Ҷٺޱϧ˵ʱȻʱ˲ֹͣ
㡭
вŸüһУֻҶٺǻԪ׽лһӰʱŸջָƺѾǧƬ
ͬһʱ䣬Ѿһľɫһ߲ҽУһ߻һ̲ŧѪɢ
Ҷٺڷлδ֮ǰͽɢϢɢǰĿУֻҶٺһҩɢ̷жȫһ̲ŧѪ
ˣɱɱˣͣ
ͬʱȻ֮˵ۼ鱩¶ҲȥһۣҪİ߳ҶٺȥЩȻڵĵӣ
ϰڵľӢߣҲѾвʮ
Ż߶жǿҶٺŷԭİ߲Իǵռ
ȻǷֲڳܵؤڣǿıԽ
ڷб֮ʱؤѾȫжߵҶٺԼԶĳȥ
һõطǻɽƧҰҲ֪Ҫöٱˣ
Ļ˭һЩأҪ֪ʿҲͨͨؤӰ
Ծ޴ջ󣬾ҲҪñˣͺǰؤһ֪ǰҪԵĿʵͨ죬һƽĳ⽴ߣҲҪĳɱȥ
ҶٺҲѾɱҲþҲؤڣֻǳǰϰѾ͵ǿ󹥻δ֮ǰѰζתͷԼ¬ʵ
һһɱ˵Ȥˣ
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Ҷٺôô
ȻһŸʶõҲ鲻Խ
ôһսӭҵ԰
ҶٺЦ߿ǳתǽʳߵǿɱиֵ¡
ͬһʱ䣬ҲҶٺʲôһƬӰѾ˲佫ڳϰȫɣҲûκζ
ͬһʱ䣬ҶٺԼڵһٶѾȫ˽ɽͼС
ȻҶٺ֮⣬˽һʧ񣬱ϾǴһʵĵطһȫͷûаĵط
ȣҷ⡭
⽭ɽͼпҶٺļƻҶٺȻǲӰˣ
ҪѾ䵽Լ¬ߵӴޱȻ˸׵
ҲҶٺʲôʮ׸ߵܶʱӲǽסǡԡһըȴûа
ڽɽͼеҶٺһĴڣܹӳ⽭ɽͼܣƾڵΪԽսڵϹҲڻ°
ˣЩҿ뽫ǧаӰ
޾ʹ࣬ʱԼһˣѪ
ħҲŹģºǧӯ

ڴʱ޾ԹҶٺӲǻ۳һǿɱҶٺɱȥ
ǲǰϡºԼһʳڵߣ
ڵĸ߽ڷűҶٺ뽭ɽͼУҶٺ֧Ųסϰߵѹ򿪽ɽͼŰҪڽɽͼжȹ޾ˣ
Ҫ֪ӵʱҶٺܹǽɽͼеʱţܹԼºȹΪ°
ס졢յлתҲѹߡֲޱȵ˷йȥ
ϸ߹Ӻ߹ⲨҶٺе޷Ƶǿѹ
ɱѪȣɱ¶䣬ǧѪâħҶٺ岻𣬶Ҫ˲䱻еǧٿס
ɫʱԲʱƮݣ·յУ޷׽ǽõˮ©иɻ
µľǿһ
ŰĴڱҶٺ⽭ɽͼޱȵľᰡҪҶٺ׻
úãһҵĻԪħƣ
ҶٺϺ׺ȻͬͬƣӲǽµĹ⣬յиһڹ˸ľ޴ħγɣҪǰɱȥ
䡭
ԪħƸͷǳҲ˺ѣֱɫĵһ
⽭ɽͼɲҶٺκǿޱȵĹܹҶٺ似ǿȻܹԷ似ˣ
ȻҶٺôƾŵµֹ֮治ɫ
ͬһʱ䣬յк׵ͻȻһͻȻֶԼɫ䣬ǧѪɫӲǽü͸ϵ˵ɫǲ԰֣
ϵ˿⽭ɽͼд˲ٵʱ䰡ȻǶ⽭ɽͼˣ
ЩѪɫһ˵ǿҲҪƤ
οҶٺȱµļһۼû뿪Ŀܣÿʱ߶ɽͼһǿޱȵĹȲǺùֲǰװȥⲻǷҪĥô
Ҳˣ˲ŻҶٺԹް


361 ս
Ҷ磬Сģ
ڴʱͻȻҶٺԭǷãеϰѾеʳѾϢĳҶٺǿһ
ʵϣҶٺôܻ᲻֪Ѿʼжأ
⽭ɽͼУһĴڣûκζܹӵùģ
ǴɷģԸҸǸǿ
ҶٺյУͻȻ׵ķɳһľ𽣬ųɱ߳ȥ
һԿ⽭ɽͼг֣
Ǿߵ㻯ҶٺĽɽͼ;
ֻ΢һ㣬ȴޱǿ
·ʵһмĿ֪ϸڵԿɳ֣ƾһ㣬ǿҲ±ȲϽɽͼ
ͱڣֳֳֽһƵش¬Ѿ·սһ㣬Լߵĵ˳ɱȥȼգӲǽ칥סˡ
һ棬ֻ䡱һ죬ҶٺٻľѾһֳϽ񽣵ײһ𣬼𻨣ӲǽߵĹʮ
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ڴʱҶٺһŭȣɫ׵Ѿһʮ׳İԲ̣Ƶѹ˷ܵɽҲֱӱ顣
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Ҷٺо˸ɲ⽭ɽͼеĺڶӵǿޱȵ߰Թ˼ɰ
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һ𣡡
ڴʱһ͵ɽǧֱһʳڵͷȥ
ͬһʱ䣬Ҷٺ˫ӡڵĳӡȻ׸ߵĳʺҶٺһģһ˫ˣֶޱ۱㳯ͷȥ
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ҶٺȻЦޱȹ죬ȴǶѾиɻһߵû˿η壬ͫУǰڵѾ⣬ֱҶٺȥҲþҲ
Ϊܹùȥô
ҶٺЦڴʱ˷ѽɫСҶٺֱֱӴ͸ǲ㱡
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סʵǿϴȣҪº첼µķ׹ȥͬ顣
ٱҶٺɱǿɾٴ˼˰²ƬǾҪҶٺȫɱ˰
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˵ʱʱ죬ϲŸշɳ屡һֻ˸ѾֱӴԽʱնӲǽ޷յУ
ͬһʱ䣬δʧĳֳ񽣣ءһֱӿϵĻ֮ϣüѣѪӿ
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ȻûѾ˵ϷӦ״ϵըǧߣ
䲻ɱУںҶٺԼǿĽɽͼĹڵǿҲԲСοǺҶٺΪ൱ϣ
ۡ
ϿһںѪɫҲ·һ԰ףΡΡĴӵһԹŻյҶٺ
ǿصĻϰܵķڷ
ȻҶٺô׵ĶܹȥǷűҶٺ͸еͷѾҶٺǣòˡ
ɱ˾ҪϾ󻼣ϾԲ
˵̫ˣҪޣͺԼң
ҶٺһΣѾʧԭأǡöֻʣߵıѾޱȵԣֱһȭϵŴ˸
ħͷȥ
ѾʺڵºŭһǲһеĳҶٺȥ˫֮Ѿһһ̽һƮޱȴɱ¶Ϣϱ
ˮ顭
ˡ
ºõ֮̽϶Ȼ⣬ǧʮ׳нƵķ·ܹ˲䴩Խռ䣬ĳҶٺȥ
ˮһ飡˫ϣ
Ҷٺޱȣʵֻֻ֣·һķ
㲻֪ǽɽͼУʵôҾ죬Ҿ񣡡
ֻҶٺỮǧٽĿռʱֳ·ǲһĻһ㣡
ôһ취Խӽ˲ƵٶȳҶٺĽѾʲôסһ㻺ֹͣʧյУ
ܹӳɽͼҶٺ⽭ɽͼбǽӽ޵еĴڣ
Ҫ֪ҶٺԴӽ뽭ɽͼûܵκιȻȴѾشڵߣսѾǿı˰
ħϣݵòɱ󣬷⡭
ڴʱۼԼͬºϽʧҲ˫Ѫ죬·Ҫɱһ㡣
ֳֻһѪɫӰɱ¾֮أһĴѾҶٺסҪҶٺɱ


362 ǿ
Ҫˣ
Ҷٺ˪˫۵硣
ɱ̹鷳ҶٺôΪԼвأ
ֻҶٺ˲仯һӰһа׳ѪѾųѾ߳εɱȥӲǽɱ˺һƿڣ
Ѫ
ҶٺѾѪѪôڵɱԵġ
Ų˲书ҶٺѾɱУһƬѪɫռݿĽɱڻǽԼڳѪɫռ䵱У
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ۡ
ȥ󷨵ܷɣֱһںѪȴǻҪҶٺ
ȫ𣬽ѡ˽ǣѾעҪˣ
Ҷٺ·ɱһ޿ײ룬ѾһĩվĽɽͼԵøֲ
ǵģѪǴķ룬ܹǰЩҲûеȫڴˣ
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¬Ȼʵ۽ҲҪһԵ򶨶ˡ
ôһսϵϢȴǿ˲٣ȻΪûжչս似ɺ;ȴǶ˲١
Ҫ֪ǿǺʮԼĵսûһŲһըǲˡ
ǻֻܹҶٺЩ֮±㽫ʮɱˣҲ൱ĳɼˡ
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޻˵Ҷٺʲô˼ά
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ҶٺΪҪڴʧѪˣʱѾӽң·һͷҪ˵Ұޣ
һ棬Ҷٺ֪ΪѾڼüߣʱѾŻѪԼ¬ǵĳԡ
ǷڽɽͼҲֻЩʱ䣬»صʵУؤİڻû߳ԶѾҳһţ
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ֻҶٺһƱף˲佫һƬаͨճɽ̿ζʱǵƮɢ


363 
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ǵеؤԼ·һĶŵöͨսǾŵĲ
ЩɶֻͨһĴڰ˭ֵ֮أ
οǿúܣǰ˿ǽϰǿߴ˸ɱ˰ϵŨŨѪɫܹһˡ
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ȻҶٺǺεôݵЩåˣ
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Ϊ޶Լٳ߷ɳ۶ڣһĪɱֱӽȻⲻƣ
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ڴʱһȼյɫյһ·Ҳյá֨֨죡
ͬһʱ䣬һɫ׵ɫĳҶٺ߷ɳ۶
ӻһ񽣻ҪҶٺȥ
Ҷٺܹ֮ϻڻĵɫѪҺ
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Ȼڴʱһ촫ԭѾ񽣾ͻȻʧȥκ·𶼱ȥһ㡣
Ҷٺô
ҶٺǰɫԵǷֹסƣվҶٺǰȻΪҶٺеԾޱȡ
ǵģҶٺı죡
ڵĳҶٺħսеģʱ뿪Ķ飬ԭҶٺΪ˻ǵлزԭҲ˳뿪ħս
Ҳħսл治ٰɡ
죿ǡ
ҶٺҲɻʱ״̬Ȼֹۣʱᱩ˵Ұһ㣬Ѫ۾еܹˡ
ʦŸ漱ұˣպԵ̸ۣ
ޱȣûҶٺӦѾɳǧ֮⣬ٶȿþˣϢɨ˷


364 Ϯ
һƺøˣħսôôһɱ䵽˳̶ȣ
Ҷٺҡͷп쾭ħսһУȻɱˡ
ҾڷţҶٺǸܵõ촩ϵĺɫ״Ϣ·һͷѪҰһ㡣
еҲҶٺûмȡģеĿҶٺݡ
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½ȻӴޱȣǻͨˣҲ֪Ҫ϶ܹꡣ
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ҶٺǰһƬûоͷǳɫʱ˻ʢмƪɺ˴ڰƯת
ĺ紵һɵĺˮζԼһЩѪȵζ
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⸽˻ˣ
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С㲻ǰɣϽߴǲµĴܣ
ҶٺǺվŵʮͬԼдֵ̿ĸŮСԭһȺҪ񵺲µ򺣴ķˡ
ܹ̫ˣҲҪЩˣز찡
Ҷٺ޺ЦݸȾʮ㣬Ÿһ˵㻺ʮ˵Ķ鵱вӵĽա
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Ҫ֪һڵ߰ҿϻûʲô壬Ҳ֪ε˷İѹġ
ҶٺֻͻȻǷ·ҪԼ⽴ǿ˰˳ϣиǷ·𿴵ŷܰվǰ΢Цƻã
ܰҪߣҪ뿪ң
ʶҲҪ͸֧Ҷٺ·һһ㣬Ӳֱ˵ǵɶϣֱӽ䱧ڻУ
⡭
ɶŭ֮ȴΣһ˿ֵĹâֻ˼±ҪתҶٺ뿪һ
ߣٲ뿪ҲҪˣ
ǵɶ֮ϵҶٺû˿ӦȴѾ˯ȥˣϵĽɽͼɢĵɫҲȻʧ
ǷŻ·ܻصȴûнҶٺΣȻɶԭˡ
ΪʲôһԴôá
µĵɶȥͬһŵʥŮһ㣬ȻʱȴҪҶٺ̧˻ǬǱɶĽ߿ҶٺҪ޵ŭճɻҽ˰ɡ
ɽͼ˾ʲôΪλӵ
ɶҶٺȻŵһɻޱȵ˵
ⲻŮôô˻Ǭ૰
ڴʱһ٩Զֻһñ뺷ޱȵķ·ţһĴ󺺻ɶȴǶ˻ǬûаɵȻҶٺɶ١
ô
ɶɫ䣬·öܺ·һ㿴⻺ˣһ˿ɱ
ȻȻǲηɶһףȻܹɵɶסĻ˯еҶٺʲôȴܹʧȥӡ
ûʲô˽Ҽҵھˣҿɲ˼ȥȻ˵Ӧôأ
ЦȻǲŮӡ
Ůĳߵλ˵ģںǿ˵֮һƺ񵺣бвٺŮλ൱Ϊ޼ǿˡ
ǰƺ֮ϵʥ֮ףֱӽƺ񵺵ĵ񷨵ǿߣ
㡭
ɶɫ죬ǰ⿴ȥɶޱȵ̡
ҪصӣȴǱһ˵ķŮӣõɶô
ȻڴʱûȵɶһĶֻǷŻǳĵ٩ɶɫһ䣬ǶȻһںѪű÷ŭޱȵŻŲԵĵɶ
㱰ɣȻ¶
ɶ𾪷ǳɫһ䣬ȴǲ˼ɻ
¶ûаôᡭ
û˵꣬ɶѾʶҶٺɾֻʣɢϢҶٺ˰


369 

ڴʱǬĹ֮£ɶѾɫϵͻȻôһƮƮĻ
ǵģҶٺûз֮ʱ˾綾ũٲݣԽ֮µκδڶ
ݣסˣ
ΪɫѾˣʵʱгϷĿǷ·һʹడ
Ÿ˵ôһݻ֮˶ũٲݵѾ˲ʧڰ˻ǬУȻҪصʦŵˣ
ⶼũٲݿҩĶطܲܰȻҪ컯ˡ
㾿ʲôˣȻ۶ܹ㵽
ɶù۹ҶٺȻӦȴǳõĳţԭҶٺѾΪ͸֧ԹȥѲˡ
˻ǬУ޾ڰԨŻҳǦƣ޾ʹⲻ𣬷·һֻֻӵԵ顣
Ȼû֪ǣӵܹ˼ѹƵǿЧһǿĹ¾һǿҲܹƳ
ôһǿܵе󷨵УһȥŮȴƽһһѾ˯ȥӻǰУȻɫѾ԰ûаѪɫȴȻǿǰߡ
񵺵ĵɶ
ϴ񵺵ܹɵ˻Ǭеľ󲿷ѹȻЩɢݶҲֻڵĵɶܹˡ
Ѿ߳ǰ˻ǬĵɶԵɲˣڰ¹СЭ£ƽ޲ں֮Ϻһһȴİҵ񵺵λã
Ҫ֪ⳣǻں֮ϵİ޴ǧﰡҲ֪жʧ˷Ѱ뵱е񵺡
Ȼǰͷ¹ȴܹ׾ٵ֮ϣⲻ˻ɥ
֮ȻһƬ·һһ㡣
ڴʱγյͻȻһɫƲʣǱ¹СŵĵɶԼѾ˯ȥҶٺ
ɶղŵȥˣôҲҲ㡣
ڴʱһӭ泯ǼԦСĵɶȥȴһһͷ㳤ĿӣȻһ֮ɢ
ִʦҪȥݼʦˣҸˡ
ɶϴһ˿·ʺһЦݣȴòĻشʹкµС뿪
ͻȻðʵϿɶʦ֣ȵɶ񵺵£ȻҲΪ׿ԭŻᱻˡ
Ȼˣôȵʥ֮ĵɶأ
˵ɶȻǰӳţȴǱǿֹһְ㣬ӲڵΪôܹȵأ
οɶνʦҲûʲô뷨һһͬĻѡ
Ȼɶôģȴһôˡ
ֻһϮµӵ۹䵽ɶ˯Ҷٺϣɫʱһ䣬ҲͻȻ
ʲôˣôܽһ˴֮ϣѵ㲻֪񵺵Ľô
ɶϵЦݶʱһͣ漴ȴȻ΢Цų˵
Զ־ǹҴһ˻й¶񵺵ôȻд㣬Ҳһģ㲻Ҫġ
ⲻǷΪԶ־ϴһƣô
Զ־ûӵǣɶ֮󣬾ֱ뿪һҲûиʦ̨£ƺҲ̫˵ɣȫɶƽʱͬ㴺һȻͬ
ɶⲻʶôĳгһգҪҸǰֻ
ѾֻʣһССӰӵĵɶԼǻ˯ȥӣԶ־˸Ī⣬ҧгݵ˵
񵺣һ֮ϵĹУһϮɫɴµĵɶ˸۹󣬿ȥ·εĶž黨һ㡣
ʱɶĹһ͸ʥ֮ǰȻԲѵҶٺ
ɶʲôʱѧôƤˣҲĻһ˽ˣ
Уǲɣдʥȴð֮ģ·Ǳһ߸ϵһ㡣
ʦɶǼϴŽɽͼ˰˻ǬУмͿޱȣԲŽʦġ
ɶˮ磬ĻһͷСè
˰ɣ˵ô
Ҳ·ǶɶҲ޿κһ˵
Ҳֻˣ˭۰ĺͽأպͽ㴦ˡ
лʦһ˵ΪʲôҪǰ˻Ǭеġ
ɶ˷ܵ˵һСҲǵͨ죬ȻͻȻ䣬ɶϵЦѾ̡
⡭ڵƺҪһ㰡
ǺǡⲻǾ֮Ͷѣ˵õúܣɲ׵ľġҾһɡ
صĴЦһ߲Ѿޱµ⹬һʯŵд˲ڻڵصҶٺϡ
ֻ࣡ϵĴԭѾЩεҶٺ徹ĿʼԭһɸǿϢҶٺ̣Ҷٺǲ԰ɫҲѾʼ
Ҫ֪ҶٺǱǰ˻Ǭǿѹ席ˣѶϵİȻصĹһ֮»ָԭ״⹬²֪жǿˡ
ûãڵɶȵУԭѾ·ҪҶٺͻȻһǽյ˫ҲѾⶸȻ⹬ҲһƬɫâС
ǿɶȻΪǿһףƾԼǿѾܹʤˣڳڵҲĶ֡
ڴʱһޱȵҶٺĶ


370 񵺳
ҶٺŸһеʹǰ˻Ǭȫѹµʹ
ȻȻܹһָ
Ҷٺӡпǿŷܰǰİ
ܰ
ҶٺãĪעĵɶ૵Ȼűһ˿ʧ˵
ɶôллˡ
ɶεΣʦǵöԻİҶٺȻ˼ҵ˵һ˵֣ⲻҪɶЦô
ûεĵɶڣǷҶٺԺٴδ
ǺǺǣɶƺǿŶ˰
ʦ˵ʲôأֻǼݿɲŴ˼ʻġ
ɶŭҲĵһ㣬ˡ
Ҷٺ𾪵ĻܣȻûַܹ˾ںηǰľֻеɶԼǰȥЩ
ٿˣʦʱҲֻô˵ˡ
ɶɫƽ˵Ȼһ˿˵΢Ц
ллǰ֮ҶٺΪ
Ҷٺʱôû뵽ǲڲ֪ʲôطϹҲֻǿĴڲܹѾصü޿ɾҩȻһǼȬ
ҪˣΪνǰ˻ǬǶ˻Ǭͼı
شֱԲ˵ͬһʱ䣬һĪѹѾҶٺ·ܹ˲佫Ҷٺѹһ㣡
һޱǿҶٺϹﵱһǿˣ¾ҹʺϻţҲشڵĶְ
Ҷٺ壬ܹ׸֪Ҷٺһһ
Կ϶ǣҶٺĻشһ˿˵ѵĳɷ֣ôȴıǺĨɱ
ܹشľǣҲҪ뿴һ˻Ǭ󵽵׷ӡʲôˡ
ҶٺɫƽϲȻɢ޷ֵѹҲɫ
Ҷٺǰ˻Ǭ󶼸Ҵĺˣһ֪ʲôΪϹкҪηأ
һǿǿùҶٺħսô
ǺǺǣȤСһǵһǰû˿ηˡ
Ϊش˵ҲǻҲûзһԲϾҪɱ˵
ǲ㣬ֻǰ˻Ǭǹغ²֮˵ĴڣҲҵ˭˻ǬУɱ⣡
·߸ϵһ㣬ûа飬ȴ롣
Ҷٺɫɣ᲻֪ɶڹؼʱ̽Ӱ˻Ǭо˳ʱѾ˻Ǭǿѹ⽴׹䵽޾Ԩˡ
̨Ϊ񽣶أʲôֵܹãǼǿҲҪѹ
Ҷٺⲻǰ˻Ǭ·һ졣
ɲҪ֪֪Ҳк档
˵ǰ˻ǬԳԵģǲɶ˳Ҫѹġ
ҶٺصĻﵱУ֪ǰ˻Ǭǿˣ֪ηȵ֪ǰ˻Ǭ֮ҶٺҲҪΪԼĵΪˡ
ǰǬȻ񵺵ĵ㾡ȫµ󷨣˵Ѿ󷨷ˣ
ΪǾԲĶġ
ѹƾҶٺԣҲ޷Ǵʲô
ŸմĿ֪˰˻ǬȥҶٺͻȻԼ˷ǰ⣡
ۣ˿ŷܰĵɶľ꣬Ȼ˰˻ǬɱУЩͽԼҪѰ񵺵Ŀȴˡ
˴ǰҪں񵺼ֿڵӪԽǸۺڣų½֮ϵĴ
ʵҶٺ˴ǰȴһ󡣡
Ȼ֮䣬ҶٺƵûаɢݶ϶ȻһѹһϸϸĵɶҲͻȻһģҶٺһ
ǺǣʲôأɶܹͻҲǲɶˣΪʦܹﵽ㾡
ǺһЦֱ֮⡣
Ҷٺо˸ɫҲׯޱȣ·˵һشޱȵһ㡣
񵺳Эͬ½аɣŻ˼Ļ
õĳĬɶҲҶٺסˣȻ˵Ȼǿһ½֮̾ǧǿҶٺȻҪԿôһΪ񵺵ҲĬˡ
ΪʲôҪӦ㣿
õĳĬ֮һɾǧ֮ĸȻԽ˾ŵȻȥ
ôһ⣬ŻᵭҲҪˡ
ȻܹôһţǡҶٺƽޱȣ͸һѹֲסš
ɶҵλСѲʵǿҲͻúܰ
˵һ仰һԾҶٺĵɶһ죬Ҳ֪Щʲô
ʦȡЦ˼ˣһһݵ˰ˣǧĻ
ɶȵȴһӾͽâתҶٺˡ
˵ɶȴûзӦƽҶٺ˵
ԿڲǲԣǧʱĲǲϾЩ그µĶУȴ׵úܡ
Ҷٺ֪׾ٵı㽫ΪǿĵӽɲЩҪҪֱܱӷϲ١
ȻһתһѹȻ
ҪԿڣҪ񵺵ˣҪõ񵺵ĳϣ


371 ս
֪ôǵõ񵺵ĳأҶٺſԳһ
Ҷٺо˸־ֱ
ڱУڿµĲżǧĵӣ̷áꡢȨĴ֯ΪǿǿҲֻǳеʣ
䣬·˵ʲôΪ֪һ㡣

Ҷٺ˵ڵǿУ֪ľȻ̷ֻúͶ꣬ǵȨͽȴҲû˵Ĵڡ
ڵ˽Ҷٺϲ٣Ҳ֪һնںĴô֪ЩϢġ
ֱΪʲô֪Щ
·ܹҶٺһ㡣
㿴һԼ󵺵ܹ֪ˡһţʵû֪ǴģǺηʥȴһʵͨĴڡ
һǧǰʦѾܹǿߣǱһƺ
˵ǧȥˣҲ֪ڷ񣬲ܹ϶ĸ㣬ڲеô򵥣ԣûһʵǲսġ
ѾڵɵһΪƽˣȴûмǵ֣֯ĪѾǧʧˣҶٺ˵
ǳ
һڱҪҶٺѪͷ
һֻСſһ᲻һۼ󷨽ˣ
ҶٺΣһ˵Ǿмֵ
һֻСԼſŪˣðѵˣôҲòϴɱ
ɱţ˼ҸͿ㣬ôأ
Ҷٺɥ顣
ô飬ԭΪԼѾܹץȴŷ˼Ҹû㼸ۡ
·ǿҶٺȻȴЦ
ǾʹȥڿôЩ߸ϵĴڿ㣬ǿ˰ӵ㹻ʵ֤ܽ
ʵʵ
˼൱ףҶٺܹڵĸһ̶ȣЩڵƿȻˡ
ôҪôܹõ񵺵ĳأ
ҶٺᶨʷᶨҪһΣǸġ
ֻҪ㽫ѵӵܽͷܣ񵺵ǧڣˣܽͷһţս˵
Ÿ˵꣬վڹҶٺԼɶѾһ߲ʹȦ˲Ҷٺ͵ɶʮ֮⣬Ŀһ׳̨ƮĲ죬һŭŵѾվ̨֮ϾĿͻȻֵҶٺ
ǬŲƣ
ҶٺϸϸܵĿռ䣬ȴûзְռ䲨ʩչĿ½֮Ͼ񼼣ǬŲư
Ī⣬˲гǧ
ɣİˣѾˣһúý򵹵ˡ
ڴʱҶٺͻȻܵһ·ߵ۾һâǴǰɢ⡣
վҶٺһԵĵɶȴǲ⡣
˲ʺڵΪʦôսأҪ֪۳һһĸְ
۳ڣطǿߣʶһˡ
ͬһʱ䣬Ҷٺ͵ɶͬһʱ俪ڵ
ҶٺͿǰֻһĵбһ۳ڵǿߡ
ҶٺĻôһ۳ڵǿô߼񹦵ӵƥ۳ǿߵʵˣ
ɣҿҪػ½Сӵжٽ
սϽ˸ϵļҲһĽƣ·һ̨롣
۳ڵǿֻ֮վ·ԳһƬһ㣬˿ڡ
սȻֻ۳ڣȴѾϷ֮ǲӿֵĽɼһߣҶٺܹ⵱иܵһǿҵı
ҶٺȻ΢ЦֻƵվսǰ˫ֱϷĻԴԼҲȻ
Ʈ裬ٲȻˣҲûа¶˿ǳ
ҶٺֻʺڵΪôôҿǳ
վ̨֮ĵɶ˸ĪĹâ⽫һ˵ҶٺĸоǳӣһЩ񣬸һȤ·һһ㡣
Ҷٺôļܹ񵺵֮һ½˶һδС˵ӵкεȵ
һ棬ǿķ·ԳһƬص̨룬Ҷٺս֮ѾһϵĽһȻҪܵԷһˣ
Ҷٺͬʯһ㣬ֻǵϬս·ûа׼һ㣬ȻԸ֪ǣŸһжҶٺԻʩչɱһ
ΪԼܹսʤôҪֻ֪ʺڵ߰
ս䣬ս״̬Ҳûзŵˣһɱ֮ķһԲɱսķּ
л˵ܲܽܣһз
Ҷٺţܻһһս˵Ĺ򣬴źڰֻּȻ
ҶٺֻأʺڵҶٺʩչѾղͬնֱʮ׵ֻؿȥһյд޷ֵѹѹڰɫƼ䣬Ļķ
ּںϣ⹦ɷǷ˴ġ
սεȸֻ߳ǵվڵϣѾѹͷ֮ϵֻЦ
˵ȴûκôˣ
սŸ˵꣬ҶٺѾܹϸܵһǿҵ·һһԽǿ
սϽɫâ죬·һͷɫӥһ㳯Ҷٺֻسȥͬһʱ䣬ŵֱѾֻؽӴ


372 ս
ֻ䡭һ죬ǱҶٺٻֻѾûѹһ⽫ǿȥޱȵֻ˲ɢɺڰɫƬɢյУ
ķ֮£κζҪ飬壡
սϽ˸ʱûɫӥʱýͻ
״̬ɱ죬ҶٺҲеһĲ·Ե֮һ㡣
ֻս䣬Ҷٺ
ȻҪսңעҪҲݵĹģһģ
ԵĦµƣ
۵ô
ҶٺǰԶ·ҪճƵսп⻹һ۵ǿߣ۵ǿ߾ӵнɽΰ
ûҶٺ׼ãսѾͬһԣٶȿþˣҶٺʩչ˾Ҳֻܹ׽һӰ
սʱɻľǷ㲻Ҳ֪ɣ
սҶٺԺƮƵ
Ҷٺֻоϱһ޷ֿĻѹ֣·Ҫѹһ㣬Ȼ䣬пֲѹ·ҵйһ㳯Ż۶ȥ
ơ
䡭
Ҷٺֻоؿڷ·һ״ݺһ㣬飬Ҳüѣ
ǿ
·֮һ㣬ǿѹԻ۳һ㳯Ҷٺȥνǿ
Ҷٺɫ죬ȴ˸Īĺ˹âȥ·һͷҰһ㣬ɢһɱ˵Ϣ
Ĺ湦񵺵ĹˣȻˣҲˡ
ҶٺϺ׺ɫ˸·ǿһ㣬ȥͬħһ㣬ǷԱߵĵɶ˸ĪĹâ
ȭ׹
յУ߿ֱʮ׵ǳһ֣Ÿһ־ͱһɴķİԵϢȴܹսϵѹᲢˡ
䡭
߿ǳٶȼ죬·һ㴩Խʱգ˲䳯սȥҲþҲҲҺ̨ĵѾƼӹ̣ȻѾķѿˡ
Ҷٺȭ񳿵ȭεǿ󣬼ԵԼΪһǳԿ
ֻǿȵ뿪ˣ񵺲Ϊʵµ˶ֵġ
սᣬ·ɱһ㣬ɱ¶Ϣʱһͣһɻ޷Ҳ
ָ
ֻ࣡촫ҶٺֻܼһĻɫâţ߿ѾԽʱնǳѾʧӰ٣
Ȼٴαսˣ
ָ˵似ԽϬֵ֮£ټսĻ򣬾ҶٺʩչȭҲ˰
˵ףӵеĶطĲ࣡
һûз֮Ҷٺͱܹսмʲôˣ
뿪ɣʺڱܹӵʵܹҵһƶֻˣѾ൱Ľɫˡ
սվյУҲٳҶٺֻǵ˵ȴһɾǧ֮ζ
Ƿ֮ˣȻˣǱ㳢һ°ɣ
սĻҶٺȴ¶һ˿ЦһǿҵѾ¶
ͬһʱ䣬һɵɷҶٺɢܹ˲
սɢľǿҲ˲䱻֣
ʲôѵ㡭
ս¶֮ɫҶٺϵɷεǿңƻһ˿ѷɫķ֮
ɣһǿߵɣ
ҶٺһѪɫâ磬ȥ·ɱ˵ѾһѪɫӰ˲սԡ
ѪѪ
Ѫ
սжʱһ˿֮ɫȴ˲һЦ
Ѫܹκεôɡ
ʱ䣬Ҷٺȭͷ֮ϵĳӯѪɫѾսеĽײһûκϢ·ҲѾͣٵУ
֮󣬡ˡһ죬һɴŵƵ˲ϯ˷ǧ
ǿ̶ȵĹ˵ȴȻ
սϽ˸һǿѹ˲ַ
սȥûܵƣʵϣҶٺһȭȴѾϢңѾѪӿˣ
ǵģҶٺԵޱȵһСأ
ǿǽѪѪȫȻһ㱬ǿҲҪư
ҶٺսŵƵļɣȴǿޱȡ
һѹҶٺȴûа㷴Ӧ·ֻһƽһ㣬Ȼǰս˫֮ȻдѪâ˸ѹķ
䡭
ûж˵ʲôҶٺǻһâ˲䳯սȥ˫צȭɭâǻƵĳȥ·ûаһ㣬ȴҲû
սɫţһһǿǰ򵥣±ȷһҪǿ٣ҲӲ
ˡ
һΣܵҲ·˲䱻һѪɫâ֣ԵϢ̨ܵҲ۶ϣ
̨ҲǿһҳһĴӣ
λǿ֮µսǾվǴӵУȻŷǳȭƣϵĽȴѾ֣ҲѾһ˿Ѫ
Ϊ񵺵ĵһսȻֻ۳ڵΪԶԶȲ֮ôϲҲһһĸ˰
乥ǿķ԰ڰۺڵľǿߡ
Ȼôһǿ߾ȻҶٺֻȭ³һ˿˿ɫѪҺ


373 սʤ
ѪȻѪҲѾǿˣǵڶؾȭ򻨾Ǻεȵǿ
֮ǰҶٺӵʵкεǿ󰡡
Ȼûпˣȷӵܹһսʵôɡ
սнһһ˸ĴѾУˣ·ܹһϼʯӲҡ
ҶٺɫƽǰϢǵ·𿴼һֻͻڻѣҪϬŵľһûжˣѪԽķ֮ѹ·磡
һѱʲôĹҶٺűǣ
Ҷٺ΢ЦվѾķѵ̨룬ͬһʯɽһ㣬·ûʲôܹһ㣬һƽϢҶٺȥƮݷǷ
䡭
ֻһ죬ֱֳѾ˲ʧҶٺǰȻ䣬һɭȻɱѾҶٺ£·ֻҪҶٺ΢ֱӭ籩һĹ
˵Ϊ񻢣֮£ң㳢һ񹦣Ǭһ
ڴʱɱ¶ҶٺǰҲ·һƬڰ·һǿѹӿҪҶٺƬ
Ǭһ
Ѿ׵ĵɶɫһ䣬Щ
ȻҪʹǬһǿԵΰǿһ
Ǭһ񵺵֮һΰʩϣգ˺꣬أ
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յУ𣬲ϳҶٺɨȥٻǬһΰҶٺҲŤ·ҪҶٺųƬһ㣡
񵺵Ǭһʹ߿˵ڶʱ֧طͳһеǿ
ҴʱҶٺҪǿ֮ҶٺĴޱΣգ
ͬһʱ䣬лӳıѾһų۽⣬ɱ磬һͷ¥ߵĽ˸ѾצĳҶٺȥ
б֮ϵķɱԼķ֮ǿһԽͬ׵ͨ˺ѳƬ
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Ҷٺ£о˫ֻ߿ʮ׸ߵǳѾԼƼ䣬һɿȻɽӲǽսǿϢ֣
ȻⲻǾȭôܵеùѾϷ֮սأ
սʱʹַ֮ڵǿҲСĴڰ
ȻҶٺɲ˵Ϊô᲻һȭԵֵһǿ󹥻أҶٺʩչȭͬʱȺٶοȻ
裡޵һеˣ
ʱҶٺϱһǿҵ̹ҫݺᣬһҶٺ֣ʱʱнʦ㣬ʱлŭ䣬ǡǽǵصĿֵ⣡
ͬһʱ䣬Ѫ󿪣ɭѪͬ޿ڣ̨ڣǧѪ裬ڤӿӿѾű񻢾ҪҶٺͷϵȥ
䡭
ռ𵴣һƬа׵մȻ֣ǱҶٺԼǿ󹥻Ѻۣ
أҲʼۼֵ񵺵ߣ
찡˭ƺδϼ
һŰµ˵ƺǳȡ
ҾȻܹǵս൱̫˼˰
ǲǵɶôôҲﰡƯⱲӻֵˣ
ǣ˾Ȼ
ڴʱһ˵ĿѾƲ̨֮ϣ
ʱ̨֮ϣ쳾ѾʧԭƵ̨ʯҲѾһſϸɳ
ҶٺԼվ̨룬һ޿ӽУ
ڣܹõ񵺵ĳô
Ҷٺ˵ȴǴܣͬһĴÿһ˵ĶС
ʱͷ֮ϻһѪۣɫѪ
սеıҶٺͷ­֮µ˺ۣƻӵвҶٺҲԵס
ǷţǱӲ˺ҶٺѪԼҫµķЩҶٺͷ­֮ϣҶٺǡýֵ´ʱҶٺͷ­ҲѾķˡ
δһˣǵڶƾʵķڷˣֻҪõ񵺵ǧӣɿڣ
սɫƽץűȴ΢΢
һĺ񣬶ǾƢҪСӡ
Ҷٺ΢ЦһεʤӮʵգҫº޷ס󲿷ֵùҪˡ
սսɲǰ裬һƴһǷˣ
ҺҶٺѪһȭˣȥⳡѡ
Ŷ˺лỹúһ档
Ҷٺһ䣬ʱȥǻ㱨ս
սˣɾ˵Եõ񵺵֧Ԯ˰
սһЦȴмΣʱԹڼȻѾޱȵƻ³һںѪҪӵս˵ǴûӰ
ǰлᣬȥô˵һͷҪķӣȴһͷҪϻ
Ҷٺ󾪣һӡֱֵһķӦǿҪõְֵܵ
Ȼ֪ǷͬһˣҶٺȴǼе˵ӣзӣ
սȻǱҶٺķӦһôҲû뵽Ҷٺ˼ȴҲǻĻش
ǰô֪зӵģҶǸһҲϤֻһεں֮ʱһͷ⺣սˡ


374 
ӣϻж˻֣
Ҷٺת޲ȥѰҷˣѾòҲ֪ʱˡ
ôأҪܹ
ҶٺνǼ֣Ҫ֪ӿҪõҶٺΪ˷ӱץסϢϧһ޴ըըһ밡
ʵϣֻҪӻǺúûţҶٺˡ
ȴΪʵǿͻȻķеޱ֣ⲻһͬ˰ˣõ˾ô
ȻȴʼҾͲˣǴǴޣȻ۵ĸ֣ƢһεһΡȻһǽˣһڵС߰ˣ˵ҪΪС
ڣҲѾˣ԰Ⱥ۵Ϊ˰
Ѿӵд֮ķ˵ȴҲʲôѵ顣
⺣ô⵹һеĺð취
ҶٺЦֻ񵺵Լ֮ҷǼһҲžۡ
ڴʱԭվһԵĵɶѾͬһʺһ㳯˶ǣڳڵӵ
Ӣۣ񵺵սɾˡ
ɶԺҶٺȴǴһ˿̲ζ·𱸣ַ·ǿ佱ȴͷԡ
ͬһʱ䣬ŮѾЦָˡ
ţɶѾţͬսʧǰȴǰȥǹаݼˣֻ̨ˡ
⵽ô£ǵսˣǰɣ
찡⻹ˣǵսɲһ簡񵺵δ棡
Ҷٺ֪ǣõ񵺵ս֧ԮȴҪЩ񵺵ӵĲϣɲǼ򵥿Խ鰡
ȥ·;֮ϣݺƾ棬һ׵Ļ档
ҶٺԼɶսǻڲݵ֮ǰУǰϡɼʥȥ
ʥߴǧףں֮ѾǼΪΰľȻڵɶĻﵱУ⻹ΰģȴƺ֮ϵĽƷ壬ǿǸߴǧ׵ʥɽ
ɶΪҪǱУҪ֪ϵĴڰôۿЩ̤ں޻˼أ
Ҷٺ;Ѿ͵ɶŷܰһŮӣоһֲζ
ɶһʵӣĿɡ
ĵʱŪһڲԭ֮ϱܵҰ¹ʱһҰ
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ɶȴ˵Ҷٺ֪Ĺ񵺵顣
񵺱Ͼ״̬ϵĹȴ쳣ϸ֮һɲ׼
Ҳֻеɶֵۺ񱳾ıһŮŵ˲ܹ񵺣Ҳ뿪һķΧȥһ򺣴
ţɶиǴżˣ·µļƬƣȻʦ
ʦҲȲѰΪάǸ󷨣ҪлÿµѮҪӦǴеı
ҶٺȻԭ޷뿪ԭ򣬱Ҫ˼ǰ˻Ǭȶ
ǰ˻ǬȻÿѮ쳣궯ǿʵ͵㰡
Ȼ֮ϵˣ֮ϵλҲ״̬ˡ
ҶٺԴ⣬ɲһõļⲻǱ޷붯ϹԿô
ûãҶٺѾеʥɽ֮£ӭ濴ı񵺵ҲʱӵĵطˣҶٺתۼѾʹ⣬˲ǹſڣ۵ıǹŲ֪ηʥı
ǺǺǣˣɵóԸˡǵսҲܣӵԺڵĴ󲿷ʵ˰
ڴʱǷ·𴺷һȻҶٺоһ
ԽˣԽܹܵǿ·ѾںһϢҶٺоԼÿһζںضԻһĲࡣ
ˣҶٺǽʤһаˣЩɥķ֮ˡ
ҶٺҲ΢ЦȻ⻰ֺõζȴȷҶٺﻰ
սսȷǿޱȣƻǬһΰϱ񻢵ɱһ׵ĵҲܹ׻ܣ
⵹Ҳǣƻ֮ǿڲõĽõ񵺵ǧ֮ʱЭ㡣
˵˵䣬һ߲ѾǽյʯŵзɳƵҶٺС
ǡ
Ҷٺɲ֮ϵ߲ǳܵһº͵ڻӿȥʱ塣
ǱֶƵƣǲڵ֮µĵӣҲͲɶӵˡ
ЦȴǴͷԵζ
ʦôܹôҪĶֻһ˰
ɶȴǲӦˣҲͨ졣
ʦҲûУȻʱȴǸһδıˡ
ȴûΪɶķ߿еȣֻȻ̲˽͵
Ƹ㣬ֻãһʵֱǰĳŵǧӡΪָһ·ܹ˳г̡
ҶٺһӾ˼ԭƻһֹܣǱǿ̻񵺵й켣˳ҵƺ޵Ĵڡ
ԭǵɶܹɵҵ񵺵ĴڣΪƵĴڰ
Ȼֹ񵺵йɵܣҲֻǼ֮ϣֻ֮һʵͻȨ˲ܹ֪ˡ


375 
лܹΪ½ŶĴ´
Ҷٺ˫ҾҶٺĵĳݡ
ְڵΪߵϹǰ̰ͼ
Լ֮ϵǧӶܹȥбΪľٶôǿɶ񵺵ļҵڰ
ȵҶٺԼҶٺĵɶȥ֮Уսµվǲ֪ǰ
Ϊ˾ǽ񵺵ǧӵЦô
ƽ·ûʲôܹżһ㡣
ңǾô˾ʧ׵
սһɰ¶ɫâ˸ͬ׵һҲֳѺۡ
οҪˣѵ
սȻǿ
Ҳܹ׻ƣѾҪۺǿĴڲܹʵֵİȻⲻ۳ڵսȴˣ
սԲֻҶٺǰ򵥣
˵û㿴ĻԶ󡣡
ɣ·ܹ£ʱա
Ѿǧˣʱ»صԼļ԰֮ˡͷҲѾãǲȥȴ½ģǣ𣡡
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սȻǿҶٺʵ
ҲѹģҶٺʺڵΪôܹʵֲޱȵսķء
ǺǺǡ
һЦսҲһЦһ
ȴֻϹܿĶˡҶٺ˾Բֻ˼򵥣ѾһӡĽɽͼ֮ϱ֪㣬ҲཫɽͼķӡɣҶٺվŵģһ޼߱һҪٵĴڣ

񵺵İߣһ̻šֵʯĴţʯԱߣվŵһӱҶٺ͵ɶ
ллŮˣʹ˸ˡ
Ҷٺ˵ȴһʹŷܰŮ˵ȴгܲסʹС
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ƺ֮СˣĵǱǻҪ˵ĴڡټˣϣܹҵǸҳˡ
ܹȥǸжá
ɶԶȥҶٺѾ𽥵ȥӰ˵ͻȻ·뵽ʲôһ㣬ǰһ
ˣȥ壡
һ棬Ÿ̤ŵҶٺѾڸǣͬһʱ䣬ҶٺͻȻصĸӦܹܵڤڤеڣ
ƩʱѾʵһ㣬İԼ·ߣٴɵĵ֮ϣ
һĿ꣬ƺ񵺣
ҶٺѾӦƺ񵺵ڷɳ۶ȥһԼɼĹ·߳Ҷٺǰ
ֻӵ·֮Ҷٺʱܹ˳ƺ֮ˣ
ȻڴʱһŭͻȻǰıǼƿա
ǰжǰ棡
ɱ¶ҶٺܹиܵһɼΪӴ
ҶٺŸ߳ûаʱһȺʵޱǿˣƺǴƺǸǰģ
ʲôˣ⺣Ҫʲô
ڴʱһϷ·һ黯ȥļһѾҶٺǰһ˫˸ϬĹâ
˵ΪҲǸߵÿ£һӵʺڵΪ
Ҷٺһ۱㿴ǰΪԵòޱȵ˵
Ҳ·ˣǡ
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磬ϻô񵺵ķģҿǺ͵ɶϼư˴ˣ
ڴʱһ޾Թ޺ͷŭӺȴǱͬ顣
ͬһʱ䣬½һŮ·һܵдܳŸһֱѾԼҶٺΧɫƵҶٺ
Ҷٺ֪µĴ鷳Ҫ֪Ժ״̬֮˶ũٲݽ˰ʱѾԺˡ
ǿΪȫϵĴڣǲŶͰ
ҶٺŵܽΧŮʱеһѹֵϢΧƣ·ʱ̶ܹɱһ㣡
ͷĹﰡȻӵǿѹ
ֻҪǰ˳ڵĶҲҪ޿κΣ
ôĴܹͬʱǿĵӰƺһӾӵݣ
ʱҶٺѾܹȷǰ˵ˣ
ƺ񵺵ķǰӵʱƺ񵺵ȨӢţⲻƺ֮ϵǿ֮廹˭
Ǳ꿴Ϊƺ֮
Ȼһ˵ǰ⼸˻ҪǿٵǿߴڣǱƺһ׿ǿߣ
ʱȴΪҶٺʩµĶũٲݸĵޱȱľˡ
ǺǺǣҿɲ˵ʲôˣֻһҪѰƺ񵺵ͨ߰
Ҷٺ΢Цȴ¶޺һЦ˵̫ˣǿԴҵƺȥô
Ȼˣôȥʦɣҽץ
ɫ䣬Ѿ˲ʧҶٺǰҶٺҵİӰ
ͬһʱ䣬ҶٺͻȻһ⣬·һɭȻָһ㣡
еٶȾȻѸ٣±ҶٺѧķоҲҪޱȣ


376 һ
ÿٶȣôģ
û˿ԥҶٺѾѪ۳һ㣬󷽴һȭѪɫƺƵγһȦӿĺâܱߵĺҲ֣
ֻ֮ʺڵΪȴѾܹӴ֮ȷǿˡз֮ƺ˵ˣϼһ
ڴʱһ޺ɫķ·һĹѾҶٺĲ棬ӲǱܹҶٺľһȭ
ҶٺһȭȻˣֻǴڿУͬһʱ䣬ȴǱеһϬ֮ϣˡһҶٺƤⷢ飡
ѪҶٺӵв壬ʱѾǰи˸Դˣ
ƺ񵺵ĹǹǳȻҲܹʹõ죡
Ҷٺо˸ŴʱҶٺŹĵطֵУȻһ˲˲ٶ
еȷǳҶٺĵطȴǲ֪ʹʲôܿҶٺĹ
ˣƺ֮ϵĹǶԿռ䷨ã
ҶٺԺһܹͷ˲ʧܹҶٺһˣ
ƶϣķоȴǿǴʱķ룬Ȼܽʱ䷨ĲΣǵǸʱҶٺܲƾŷоιŽδδ֪֮ˣ
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ķоѾں˰üߵķķоӵеѪ֮أ
ȻͨҶٺȴǶ˼ְˣ
ҪԸܹտռ֮ƺߣõķʹóԱǻҪǿķ֮
ǻʲôķܹ֮ȿռ֮ǿأ
ҶٺѪķǲеˡ
ƺ񵺵Ĵ֮ôοҲûʲô˺ǵ鰡
Ҷٺ䣬Ϻ׺ɫ·شƵâ죬е˵
ҶٺĪٽƱˣѾڰ˻ǬеΪ֪ˣòĿӡǵԺУ
ڴʱƺӵΨһһŮ˵ǻƺ񵺣ǶũٲݵĽҩ㲻
ҶٺЦȴû˿仯ԭ޷⿪ǸֵƵĶҩҶٺһֱ̼ޱȵĳصĸܹƺ񵺺һ
ȻҲƺ񵺳׳Ϊˡ
Ҫ⿪ǶũٲݵĶҲǲܣ
Ҷٺ϶ʱһɼΪԵϢ
ʱ䣬䡱ľƬ֮ҶٺȫѪغˡ
ȷܹҴƺô
ɭѪȻſͬѪ̴һҪڳƺ񵺵ĵɣ
ܰڵƺľѾ˲侯Ҫ뿪ƬˮȴȻԶҶٺѪɣ
ѪɫХֱҪȥɱ¶ˣҪƺ񵺵ĳɷ
ͬһʱ䣬յаѪױڣ¡ڶĳǰĵɨȥ
ѪҶٺʱյ߲εĹ˰Ѿ˷֮ǿ󹦷սҲѪֵ֮ʲôôôǰڵǿأ
Ƿ֮ƺ񵺵֮ҲûκõģƣǧԵӡ
ڴʱΪƺӵеڶǿߵŭһһ˸ӡѾû׸ߣһɸ֮ķѪеѪҲ׷ѣ
䡭
ӡŸһѪ֮ϣҶٺѾܵһɾҵĲɫҲһ󷢰ףѪǺϵĴڰɼзŵһεǿ
ͬһʱ䣬⼸ҲǿʼޱȵӡеŭͬŭӥеƳȭͬһ޴ʯҪѪͬħһҶٺȥ

ѪУɫƺ񵺵ǿߴǿ󹥻ҶٺٻѪҲ޷ǵĹ
ǿ߶ԸһȴЩֿסˡ
Ҷٺǰƺ񵺵һֱͬսѹҪ޴٣Ҳ֪̫ǿ̫С
ǵĹȻ죬Ͼķ֮ǻԻңѪȫ
Ҷٺŭȣһɷ·ԶŵİԵϢؼ䣬ӲҶٺǰ𺳡
ͬһʱ䣬ԭѾ΢΢·ҪѪȴͻȻٴɭȻɱ¶ХҪƺ񵺵߹ɱȥ
ߣˣƲķȴǿԺĵ
Ʈ죬ʱѾͬͬ飬ҶٺѪʧӰ٣ҶٺҲԷǵټ
ƺ񵺵ĹϿռ֮ڴɱԼķܼ
ƺ񵺵Ŵһʼûд㽫ҶٺܣҪҶٺĵǽҶٺȥ
ȻҶٺôԸأ
ǺǺǣǾԼܹߵõôѾ˵ˣû÷֮ûкҶԿ
Ҷٺ΢Ц˲ʧԭأתۼѾзʧĵط
ֻҶٺħǰһץžѾҶٺס˳
ôܣ
оǳҶٺȻܹƽǵĹҽǽԭأ
޷ÿռ֮ǣΣһҪҶٺץ

֮ϣѪɫʮﺣϵ½ԱŨѪڸǣ
Ѫа׸ߣˣܽ״ѪҲһۡ
ѪУг磬״Ʒ·һֱһѪ顣
ƺ񵺵һȻʵȻԶԶȲҶٺսȴȻǿޱȡ


377 ֮
㲻ģѪԷ֮ڻɵĿռ䣬ֲ̤㷨֮ЩƤëĴڿƥеģ
ҶٺϬվѪ֮ͬһб˲
ƺԷ֮ΪĿ湦ΣǸҶٺһԷ֮иĻᣡ
ѪֹѪ֮ѪһޱǿĴڣǱǷı
ԵѪ֮򣬲ԳΪɱԽռ䣬ʱųκη
ҶٺվһƬѪ֮ϣ·Ѫ죬˫һӼ䣬һѾѪĳһ򴫵һɰԵײеϢɢݶ·ܹɱһ㣡

ƺӵеһ
ֻһźɫ۵ִһɫ񽣣֮ϸ£ȴֻܲƵѪ⵱Ȼʧɫ
ҶٺѪУûз֮ߣԿɱ
ûܹ⣬Щƺ񵺵ŽҲܳ⣡
öʱ䣬ҶٺǰѾϰڶι״ƵߣȴǱѪеѪ֮ؽսǿҲ⡣
Ϸˣ˶ƺ񵺣ҶٺһֻҪˡ
ҶٺƮ裬Ѫɫռ䵱л̤ȥ̤ѪȥѪޱȡ
ҾӦýǵ룬ƺˡ

죬ƺϷ·һޱȵѪ֮Ѿ˲ʧѾûκζԼ˲յʧѾһ
ͬһʱ䣬ҶٺٻѪѾûκƺٴܹʹǹǳԵͬһ㡣
ַ·ʱԼԣʱԵشƹ˵ǿޱȰ
ҶٺܹʹѪڶؾƺ񵺵ǿ󹦷ҲҪ޿κΰ
ҴʱƺȻҲҶٺûκΰҶٺ÷֮ҲûжҶٺˣȻٲŨŨĵ⡣
ߣĪΪܹȥҴ¶Уƺ񵺣ھͻ
ɫ䣬ɱ絶ҶٺҲܹܵһɹɷ·⵶һĺԼƤ֮иʹ
ЩϹ
ƺ񵺵ĵ񵺵ҪǿٰȻɶҲ·ҶٺС˰
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Щƺ񵺵СǽǵĹһΣ˶ǻʹÿռ֮ǿߵĸ֣
ҶٺǰѾ͵һа׸ߵĿռ֮ţ뵽
һֵ뷨ҶٺԺγɣƺ֮ж˵ǼΪҪģƾγصԣǻܴƺ񵺵عеõһЩ洫˰
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ƺ񵺵ΧȻӵһܹһĽ磬Ȼǰռ֮žȻܹͻǿĽƺ񵺣Ų֮
֮ţǰƺ񵺵ڵأһǵʦƺǰסʥɽۣ֮Ƹ󣡡
ɱ䣬ԼʦһͬһֹҶٺҶٺһ㡣
ƺ񵺣һֱ֪һֻӦеĵط
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ƺ񵺵ĵΣҶٺϿӵǿ̣һܹⶼɢĽҩһֱ͸
ҶٺҲܹƾȻ뿪ɣ
ȻҶٺľŸһռ֮ŵоʧ֮ѾʧһɶˣǻľǾȣ˾ȻǾȣ
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ܽһûб߼ʵİƣڣɨ£ǽһƬƬİȾϽɫȥͬ˼һ㣡
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ƺǰһˣһΪ̵ˣ
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378 Ϣ
Ҷٺƺǰ
Ҷٺ˫ҾҲ΢Ц漴ҪӿռָȡҪǰƺǰ
ȻƺǰȴûκηӦֻġǺǡһЦ
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ȻڴʱûҶٺػѾվһϢɢݶ磬ӲҶٺܵޱѹһ룡
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ҶٺΣ޾壬йž޲͸һ־ԵţƯԲ׽ʵ
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ڴʱŻ·ľһ㾲ڲƸеƺǰɱѾڲƸ֮յдɢƣ

Ȿƺ񵺵ĵ̣ܵʲôвǼΪ̵ƺǰôӲ
˼˵ҪɱҵĵӣûţҪǱҵĵɱˣԲʵ۸˰
ȻҶٺȴûаѡˣȻҪǿƺ񵺣ͱõǵĳϣ
ڴʱƺ񵺵ʥɽۣ֮ɫƺ֮ϣҶٺѾңңԣûа·ֻһ㾲վ
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ֻҪҶٺһȴıǷ·һĿ񱩹
𣡡
ڣҶٺ䣬һֻѾûӰָյγһֻԪħƣħ䣬˲˷Ҫǰ˺Ƭ
ԭƶȻ·սһ㣬ѾһڵҶٺȥεӲǽܵƺһ
䡭
ҶٺĻԪħƺεȼӲܿʯȻȴ·յһ㣬ûҵκ㣡
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ʱ䣬·ضҪȻʧɫɽͼûɭ޵УҶٺֻʣһݿ೯ɫǹа׳ĳǹҶٺֱӺХ
սǹǽɽͼûľǿҲûаΣֻǲϳҶٺǿֱʮҶٺܵĿռȫֻӲ


381 ʱ䷨
ȡսǹҲҪҵĽ£ҫ£
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Ѿɳǧ֮ҶٺȻ֪ʱں֮ϷĹ飬Ҳ֪ԼһͷκڵľͷѡԱ
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϶ȥռ䷨֮򡭡
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ͬһʱ䣬߿ž޴ǳյͻȻ֣ŸһֱѾתǿƷ·ҪƬѹƬ
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ټܹʱ侲ֹʱ䷨򣬾ۺڵǿڣҶٺҲڷһ


390 ̤ƽ
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Ҷٺޱȣ·һѴ̹Ǻһڷ죬֮ͬС
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Ҷٺ˵ǰʹũٲݣڵϹﻹ֪ҩȻϰôҪҩɱǽһҩŰҩͷأ
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Ҷٺۣ˭ǵҶҪҶٺȻֺϻĵˣ
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֣Ƕޱ鲼ʳ˻԰˵еĶԴ֮أ
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ΪַǿߣۺڵĶǰܻ߱ʲôƣǶЩСϺףӵоԵư


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Ųһ˲ǿ޷ֵľѾ˲佫Ƕʦɢܣ·һǰ֮ĵȥ
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ȻͷҲǼҶٺΪɲ⣬鷢ʵĵһʱҪټԼˣ
ԭΪƾԼǧ඾ʦľ綾Լ춾ܹҶٺΧס
ȻȻҪʧˣΪҶٺҪǵȫǳ

һХյҲʱһɫƣǶʦȻŵĶһܹ۲쵽ۣ
ȻÿһʦϵĶҲֻôһҪγôһƬƣǸǺεӴĶʦĶʦѾܹ½߶˰ɣ

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а˵֧ţҶٺеһɿֲѹ󷨵ı仯Ǽ֡


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ֻܹһѾʮĴħͷˡ
¾Զ֮ǰ⡶ɷħħǿҲҶٺΪǿҲûҶٺǰ
οҶٺڽϡٵֶʦ֮󣬻ҪֲԶϻĸΪƽأ
һݣȻѾǶ׵ˣҶٺҲٵһˡ
յУһĨб߹ңϼ紵»Ʈʱ任ӡʱҶһյĻƻʱ̡
ѾǾҶٺ뿪ҩںۺڸսɽһʱʱˣҶٺʱѾˣ
ʱһҩȻٵֵۺڵǿߣһ˲ҪվУ
Ҷٺǲʱ̵֮ǰϻؽҩȳҩҪ֮Σˣ


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ǧľҶٺ˲һٶǰҲתۼĹһƬĮѾҶٺǰӶһƬɳ
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ȻҶٺϵǣͷԭͺиԵЫӾȴǷ·ֲһ㣬ҶٺܹжֵĽ
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ҶٺҪҲֻţǲսЩѾǽҪΪǿսϻʿ
ֻܹţǲĻ

ʲôˣţǲ䵷ң
ҶٺȻĿ⵱УһŭŵĴֳһǹ̺ǿļ֮˸ŷ·𾫸һĹз·ӥһĿֱֱҶٺȴǶҶٺûаη֮⡣
ͬһʱ䣬ϵĿҰܽţǲ䵱еʿǷֵ֮ʱľ
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Ҷٺ϶ʱһŻɬޱȵħգһɴޱ߻ȴɢһɭȻֻҪбܹܵһ
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޾ԹۼγɵаԽеĵ˺ѳƬ
ħ˶ɱħ
ڴʱĿ־忪ʼ·ϻʿӣ·ħһóıǴݻٵ˵־Ϊʬ⣡


394 ѪծѪ
ݡ
һ˸սǹն·ɫɫ绮ʣҶٺǰ
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ҶٺЦվյ˿ΪϸһȭͷСɫȼգĻĿֲлҶٺѾһ̶ȵħ
ͬһʱ䣬߿˶ǳյлתǹ£Ҷٺõˮ©ûκܹͻ֮֮Ҷٺ壡
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յУһµȻżۣȴ¶аԼ֮ɫֻڿУϸħ궯ħ
һɫ߲ϻƣǾȻһħС˶ǵصħ֮ΪԴͷƵġ
һǧپ߾վԭرĳƵ׳ʿ͵վԭأǰµŭݣһƬžԲһ֮ھΪУǾǣ
Զһ޴Իɫʯͷɵĺΰţǳ֮ڣһΰĳÿһ¥ڻɳжֳĴ񣬿ȥֻصʱĸо
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Ҫĺⶼǵ𾴵ĺ£պҪģңҶٺʱӭ
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أȻ䣬ǵصĿ޺ϻĵĳ죬ѪƮ㣬ԼоԽŽ
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Ͷϳ֮ҶٺҪԼٶȸϻɽȵˣȻԭѾļҩ²ʵ˵ǿˡ
ȻҶٺ֪ǣ뿪֮·ȥһĳһʯɵļªСݵС

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֮ռ䣬ɱһУ
ֻءһ죬ҶٺѾͬڵһ㱻ҵõף·Ҫһ֮
ֻǵڶҶٺѾѪӿҲսУҶٺ֪֮ڣӵвսʤǿߣǶһЩӵоܵľǿ߰
Ҳˣ
ҶٺŭȣѾµɶͷͣյУյɫŭҶٺеͬ
Ÿ˵꣬ҶٺѾٴѪâһѪɫռѾ׸ߵѪɫӰѾҶٺĪħ˷ɽ÷飡
Ѫ֮
ҶٺԼյĵַ֮Ҳʩչˣ
βô뱾ȼ磡ķַ֮²ܸһսˣ
ưޱȣֱӽնɽͼҲԽ٣
ûҶٺѪȫſֻԭվҶٺǰѾʧȥӰͬһʱ䣬һϢҶٺԺвӣ
սΰս֣֮
ڴʱ·һҶٺֱҶٺ亹ֱðΪѾܸܵһڷӻɻҵ˲γɣҪ
һֻɫľ޴ֱۣɫĹ֮˸ԣ·ƽ𽽹һ㣬ɫڱգ⽭ɽͼеҲֱץƣҶٺͷ֮ϻ
շ飬رѣ
⽭ɽͼҲʼϰٸɫУǽɽͼܲ˾޴ı

ҶٺŭϺڶɫħƼת·Ҫһ㣬ͬһʱ䣬Ҷٺ϶Ȼһžǿħֱӽⷽûֲָ
ҶٺԭѾӲõʱ䷨֮ҲͻȻ·һ˲ͣһ㣡
ǳ˸һ˸һ߿žɽתǳǡýĽɽͼѹ
ĳһʱ̣ʱȻֹͣȻ桭һ·صлһ㣬ͻأޱȣȴܹ˲


399 ս
ǡɷħô
ڴʱҶٺ͸εԪԼڲϴոǳ蹬һ͵ʣҶٺ
ͨڵ֮ޱȵħԼ֣Ȼ˫۽ȴ·һɹɢĪѹ
һɫħϻȼգ蹬еĿռҲҫһƬ
ҶٺһԪȻѾ·һĪһ㣬ǲĽħУȻħ˫һһڣаޱȣ
ͬһʱ䣬ɽͼУ߾յУҶٺҩԼˣ
лȻһֻĽɫƣԭܵ׵ҲֹյУ
һֹ磬һͣٵ磡

һ춸Ȼ·ͣٵյһֻȭͷСġҶٺɫħ˸Ȼһ˿޵аЦѾǲԶǰ
ֻһ֣һޱȵѾûǧ֮꣬ȥ
ড
Х䡱һԶ־
ͬһʱ䣬ƬڵĿռ䵱У·ڤ֮ϵĻƽɱȥ
ʱָǱٻֿǺɫռ䵱еĹֵ£
ţѪ֮֮ʱ䷨򾡽ԷɱֶѪɫħĻǣ֮ǿǳ趯˸䣬Ѫ
ʱ䷨ͨŽŸմǿһȭ񱩵Ѿ˶ؽ֮⣡
𡭡
·һͶһǿգȴ޷ͻ־ǿ֮
ʱҶٺѾ»ָж·һ㾧Ө͸ħȻߴħǧӡۡ
ҪǾɱɻң
Ѫ˸ͭɫϹ磬âһ䣬˫֮ѾһɳìѪɫ׵ϲƣأֻһӱð˷ɽϣ·Ѫɫһ㳯Ҷٺͷ­ȥ
űѪì֮Ѫս񣡡
ҶٺֻͫʣһԶĹâޱȵֱӽɽͼûһĿռɨǧ
ǺεȿֲҶٺѾµط֮Ҳֱܹӷ·ֽһ˺ѣ
ֹͣ˫ɱ
Ҷٺâ˸·һƬǿ̺һ㣬ޱȣ
ͬһʱ䣬ֻѾֻʣһƬ޵֮ϣһһǳγɼΪµ̬䣡
һŷ·ƬһϾӶɽͼҲиüѣ
䡭
ܻ󾡽ԻǷ·籩һϯصŵлɻң
ǺεǿܸɵĲȻҶٺ֮һгΪ˿ܣ
¾ƾ֮ҶٺҲѾܸӵкһƴµ˰
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𰡡
гìܹԽգ·ѪɫһգؾԱ飬Ȼǳȴͬһ㣬ѹɱһ
ŲƬ̹ȥѾѪѾʮֲޱȵ˺ۣɫѪҺʶѪѪ
Ǵ˺ĳ̶ϿҶٺַ֮ʩչĲһĸоʱ֮ٴξͨҶٺĲ˺ʹ˺
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Ҷٺǹ˸߲ϴȴûбĹǳеޱȵĳ侲ͻȻ
ʱҶٺɢȥ·ԳһƬһ㣬·Ƭصеڵǿһ㣡
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ȻۺڣˣҲҪ֮ͽʬΣɱ֮𲻹찡
˫־ǰ˺һʮָצӡɫѪǰʳһаޱȵͼһޱȿֲ·ܹƬձ飬˫Ҳֱ̼ӱ飡
ˣ
ˡ
ʱ䣬ɹâƽɽͼգǴ紩͸룬ԡϣ俴ɻƽɵľһ㣡
ʲôȻܹɽͼķ
ҲֻܹɽͼĻ޷ٽһѾӵڻϵ˰
⣡ȥֹ
ڴʱԭѾڵ֮ϻɢһɿϢҩȻ˫пֲżɫ鲼ٿվȴҪǰȥӽ
ϻĵĲɱΣֱزʹãһñ֮ϵս֮壬һУ
ҩϸ˵ҶٺѾܹܵΪˣ
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ս١
·ԻĹһĲңԶĳҶٺ񶯵
ǲ˼
ҶٺѾĲµĹͷžֱ죬·Ҫѹñһ㣡


400 Ӣį
ϵѹȻֱܣͬһֱܣ
ٿǾҶٺǰԶʱϽǽԡ֮һɷ·ϳɳ·𼴽Ļɽһ㣬Ҷٺļ²ϣ
һɣ
ڴʱɫⶸȻʧҶٺǰֵѾһһޱȵĽӣȻûаȴܹ˸̺ܵ·Ͷ䶼ܹأ
ҶٺϽɽͼǰѾƲȫɽȣ
ҶٺɲҽɽͼǰѾ֪Ǻεǿǰ
Ȼܵ⽭ɽͼķɱܹҶٺ˰ʱ̧ܹ־佫ɽͼĻþһģ
ٵȥˣһһ˵ͷ˽ɣ
ҩԭѾ԰ޱȵͷ˲䲻ϱںڣһɰޱȵϲӣֱͻۺڵĽֱӳڣ
ҩȻʹǿнԼΪڣҪĲĴ۵İ
㡭
ҶٺʹѸٻָഺҩͻȻһ˿ƶʱһ䣬ȥӿˣȴȻһ˿޵аЦ׽
ҳһѾҵսʤķˡ
ҩһ˿ɫԭԷ˼ٶȱ仯ò˲ֹͣҲ޷仯֣
ǵȻҩԼĹˣҶٺʩչʱ䷨򣬽ҩϵʱֹͣҲ
Ҳҩ˵ҶٺѾⲽɽҲ̤֮²ϱ֣һĪƬؼƣһĸо·ƶԣַ·𵶸꽻
ôܡ
ڴʱҲҶٺʲôԭѾӵͻȻһͷյл裬ħ
ֻһյ죬徹ȻҶٺҩĿ֮ѿǧ͸ҪصʵУ
ڵվãʼճܲסʱĿ飬עҪʱĳ֮»ɻң
ҶٺȻƽվյȴˣϲоǿ
ʱѾûавŲ˲ѾŵñƴֱӽƬɽΪƽأ
ʱ䷨֮Ѫ֮򡢹֮򾡽Խȫµľ磬ҵΪۺڣǺֻһ֮ңĸ߶˰
Ҷٺ˸·Ҫ񷶴
ۺڣǶǰǸϲһҲİ
ֻôһľܹﵽڵĸ߶˰ȴĵǲǧͻƵأ
ȻڴʱܵĶŸһͣϢԭҪҶٺ˵ҩͻȻתȥֵԶʣ·ڸʲôһ㡣
ʲôϢḡ˿ǽ֮ˡ
ȻˣǱһɣͬΪܼܲȰ
ҶٺҲǵ˵ʱֻҪδڵֻεʧ
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ԭҶٺԪѾܹܵԻٶ߷ڵ죡
ʱȴѪһ˺۷·Ҫ˺Ƭֲ֣
ڡ
ŸռǰҶٺ죬Ѿлǵˮ͵һͷˤȥȴǱҶٺǡýס

֮һ֪ɽضУҶٺҩϯضҶٺԻѾ罺һҶٺԵ
ǵǰѾ˯ҹ졣
ȻһѪյĺģֻ϶а˿ڡ
ϵ˿Ѿҩҩ֮»ָֻʣһڣ´ʱѾΪʧѪ˰ɡ
ѾȥˣͷҲҪˣɲܹʲô
ҩʱɫ˿ǰսǱۺڵǿ߱ƵĲ״Ȼҩ컯ҩĹˡ
ҩô᲻֪Լʱ֮أ
ȻһûбڽɱȻһôܶùء
Ҫ֪ҩݿǴһѾʧڽյҩǶ˵ǺεȾ޴ջ󰡣
ֻҪһŵҩǽսеѾܹԼ˰
˵ǿũٲˣǿ޵½Ŀֲڰ
һͶӵܹũٲݵĽҩҩܹ˲佫ɱ˰
Ͳô֣˭ܹأ
Ҷٺһ˿įǰҩ˵ľ˼϶ʦ⸣ĸҩ˸ֶѰ
ҶٺôôһԼ˴ðΣأ
ʱҩϿȻİһڵϹܹɱ˰
ȻҩôӦҶٺء
ȻҶٺŸ˵꣬ҩҡͷ̾Ϣ
ͷѾû˿ôˡǰ˵öԣѾʱˣֺαڴ˹ء
Ӣįˣ
ǰ߳ƵӢʱȻΪĸȱݶֻܹøҲдľأǺεȲ̵鰡
ҶٺȻܹᵽҩˣʱѾۺڵҶٺޱȣܹ׵Ķ쵽еԲ֮ڵһӳġ
˼˵ʲôأ㲻мİӶԭԲϾΪҲԭľʼ˰ˡһҵϰķģ


401 ֮
Ҷٺ·ܹҩһ㣬ҩ̾
СӾȻѾܹҵ״͸ҪǿٵΪܹõ
ҩȵȥֻǴ÷·һСӣĳɳˣ
ȻɳˣôԼϵأҪ֪ǿǡ

뵽ҩɫһȴҡͷ̾Ϣ
˰ˣϵ˿ɲǿô򵥡ȻѾۺ߶ˣͷҾҸһɡ֮·̼ѣһ겻ʣʱͷɣֻһ·ˡ
ǲ·
ô˶˵һ֮·ѵô
Ҷٺеľǿʱڶ𣬷־ִûʲôܹ谭Σ
һô֪أҾǽɴƵأ
Ҷٺ΢Ц˸ľưĹâҩε
СӶҰ֮ǰжٲа˰
Ȼȴøôľأ
ҶٺĿ⵱Уֻ·ʱʮҩվѾߵǶ֮
Ǻǡ˾Ǻɣϣܹһֱֵ󣬵ʱͷҿܻҪһ֮ء
ҩҪء
ڴʱѾֱᣬҩĲᡣ
Ҫ֪Ǹҩһ֮ðʱȴҪ˼ҷˣҩܹİʦ
ͷһңڣ½֮ķѰһԵ
ҩѾԶȥӰȥ
ҶٺҪչ˺ͷҰˣ洫ҩ㡣

ãϼȾգ·ѪһƯյУһݲҵɽٴλָƽֻʣҶٺһûһȻûаתļ󣬷·Ѿȥһ㡣
һﲻѾΪ˰ɣҪһȥָ˵ˡ
ҶٺԪһѾ״ȫ֪
ʱûʲô󰭣Ȼȴǲ֪ιȻûתΪǰ̫ܵƵԵʰɡ
ҶٺŸ˵꣬һֱԱ߹۲һһͻȻһ϶ʱһ󻺺͵ħϹȥһ˵
ٺƺҪѹˣ
ۡ
ڴʱŸձħѾɫһ죬ͻȻ𣬸ǺݺݳһںѪȳޱȣ·Һһ㣡
ҹתˣ
ʱٴλָȴǴһݻ㱵һֲԤҶٺͷӣ·ʲô¼һ㡣
֣Ƿʲôأ֪Ҷĳʲô԰ﵽأ
Ҷٺ΢Ц˵ûаʣǷҶٺĵ뷨
·ƵģȻѾתȴҲȥǸеģˣ·ɥ֮Ȯһ㣬ͷҲ˼˿
Ҫεȿֲıʲܸһö˶˵ĥӰ
ֻҶٺĻ컺תͷҶٺҶٺ纣۾֮ʱʱһжʱ˼漴ԼٶٴαŨŨ
ʱ䣬ѾҲˡ
˻·ҹһޱȣȴǴһԵֵı
ʧˣ
֪ʲôشˣ
Ҷٺǰܹʱżޱȵȥһַ·Ҫ˵ı飬ȻʱȴǷ·ˮһ㣬鵽ôأ
ֻСЩھȻҲܱŵıҾأ
ֻ˫Żɫâû˿䱸Ҷٺ˫ûȥ
һĳּ䣬ΪĳЩݵԭѡַʽҶٺԵʡ
ҶٺԺͻȻֳһ棬Ѫɫ֮£Ũ̹ӰͬһǰɹʺɫѪҺ漴գ
һĲҴսɽգʬϱۣѪɺӣ
ȻҶٺûκȻܹޱȵȣ˵ǵŵı˺Ƭʬˣ
ʲôİѪȣ
ڴʱҶٺͻȻһ·𿴼جһ㣡
ôܣôܣ
Ҷٺ߶ɫ԰ޱȣΪĿֲﰡ
ǻڣɱڵģҶٺĹﰡ
˸壬ȫǿһһʧȥǵĹﰡ
ֹȻѾĵˣ
ʵУѾ
ֹҪڣ²Ҳ꣬Ըô
ȻҲ֪ʱҶٺΪѾͬնȥħսвɽ¶ˮҶٺǸ߰Ҳòͷ­
ҿɲ᲻ݻ磬ͲʲôӢۡ
Ҷٺ΢Ц侲һ죬·ܹһУ
ǰҶٺͲʲôӢۣȴ⣬Ҫô
õĳĬ
ҧгݣô֪ǰ˵뷨أ
˵һƽĳ⽴
ðɣڶɹΣ֣ǲԳ֤֮·ҪҶٺԵһ㡣
ֹΣǵȻҪڶҶٺ˵Ѿվ


402 
λ½Ԫ磬ԻΪߵʥأҲΪˣγ¾ӢߵɣǳΪֻڵɵڶʥأ
ôһֻЩڣȻᱻЩǷ˼鰡
Ҫ֪ƽʱû˭ǵʥذЩΪϰ˻似׵߸ǵһԲϱ㽫ɱ
֪ڿӵ˿ڵĻ󰡣ôܻᱻЩأ
ʱҶٺԼյвǰɳۣµɽˮˡ
ŸնҶٺŵҶٺѾȻӦʲҸڵĳ쳯ѾΣڵϦڷȥˡ
һڱȻһСΣҶٺ˵ֺγһϢء
ܹڵΣˣ⻹д治ڱܹҶٺһ֮˰
ֻڵǿʥذֻǸҶٺССһѾܹҶٺ治ǳˡ
Ҫ׷ݵǰˡ
һ˿â·䵽ʲôʹ޲ѵ顣
ǰǰӦӵ뵽Ҫ£ȻڵĻ쵰Ȼ˵ǰûеڣ˵·ʧˣǿǺö˶һۺڵǿ߰
ۺڵľǿҲʧ٣ֱǻ֮
Ȼǰûǰ֣ǵأ
ѵǰʲô⣿ѵǰʧٺڱʲôϵ
һʷҶٺԺвϻƣҶٺֱоԼһıУ
ڣô鶼йأ
Ҷٺһ˿⣬˵ĳֺǰʧٵȷǺڰѲ˹ϵˡ
ֱ˱Ͳӵκǣôܾۼһأѵʲôָǣ
ڵϢεӴ󣬲Ҫ˵Ѿ˰ΧһµݵϢϻڽڳֲֵֿޱȵıˣڿ϶ҲѾ֪˰
ȻһھȻЩûа㷴Ӧп϶ӵвè尡
ڴʱԭҶٺĬĬеͻȻһɫ·ɽҰҶٺ˵
Ҷٺע⵽·ϡϡĴô
Ҷٺüͷһ壬ʱ˼صʵȷܹԼܵ˴طĲѰ
ƽɽҰɽ紵أҶ紵·΢ټɽҰУɢɢһģСׯһ磡
Ȼƺȱһ
ž·һ㣡
ԭϢɽҰеҰҲûз죬ɽֵоȻûа󰡣ǣ
ƺûˣ
Ҷٺǿƥ˲ʵγһǿ쫷磬ϯԲʮ
ȻԽ·Ĵ䣬ҶٺɫԽ
ûˣûκζһʬһ̲ѪҲڣ
ҶٺϽ¶ŵݣȻԵȴɫȻǰ㵵ˣ·겻ĺȻڱ˹ˡ
ˣ½ʵԴ֮ǰϻʱѾˣ
ǰ½Ѿ½½Ŀʼֵָ飬ⲻ½Ƿڷ䣡
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찡Ǻεȿֲ鰡ѵھӲôôܶԴûа㷴Ӧ
ҲǾȵĽ˳˵ĳֿζ½һְ֮
УȻˣаɶµ˶ͬʧˡ
ޱ飬·ʬһ㣬˵ĳֿ˲ٵĴ̼
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ڴʱһȷ糯Ҷٺӭһɷ·һµĳζѪ۶ɵζ
󣬸£
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ֻ䡱һضӽǰһѪɫӰ·ڵһ㵹أڵ֮ըټһ
¶ǰһףͨĹˣȻŵɫ۱ǰһ߸ϵߣȻʱȴѾΪһ˲˹Ĺˡ
Ȼħаһʧٵħŵӱɵġ
Ȼޱȣھ޿еıˣ·ֹһ㡣
¶ΪѾﵽˣǰΪǶپͲö֪ˡ
Ҷٺ·һǱϣǾ޿ӵлվ
桭
׸ߵĺɫ˹ֽУ̺ǿķľֱһ㣬ֻʣһƬ⻬ɣ
ֻѾҶٺ³һδıûа˼ɵٴδѾڵһɫ˫֮ϾҶٺٴδһˮͰֵɷڵߣƥ˷


403 
ǿ壬ûʹֻ֪ǰһУǺεȿֲĴڰ
ҶٺԺжȻһ棬ֱ˻۳һƬ֮£ֻ֮ʣ¶ϱڲԫͲ֫ϱۣ
ֱ½֮Ϸˣʲôֵܹǣ
ʱûǵڵı˳֣½ʼڻϵıˣɾûжܹ谭ǵĽŲ˰
ѵ
ҶٺͻȻ˵ʧٵǰͻȻһԤУѵϵĹҲҪˣ
ǰۺڵǿ߰Ǳɱ˶ʵ

ҪϽı˽ˣʱ̲ݻЩ֪ðıˣ㽫Ҳ޲
ҶٺһʱʶĿˣ
κγɼЩ˽ȴ½ıǳ׵Ļ
½䣬²
ȻǺõģϾãûжپ񣬾ȫɱҲǧ򣡸οѾӵ߳ɾˡ
ɫǺͻ˲仯һɫʧԶʡ
ڻʱȴǣȻֵܹһЩӣ

½һƬڳããԭľͷѪɫ֮ϣڸ˰յ·Ӳͣһ˿ŴأҲյ궯ޱȡ
ôһӵĵطҲֻĳЩܹܼ˻Ķܹ棬Ȼ̺ḻԪĵطȻߵĴˡ
ƽգ½ɵĵطȻȴǳƽ
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Ҷٺǰһ汼ӿȥĹ嫰ĻԪڼ䲻ڷ·һһ㳯Զȥ
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˺ӣΪӣҶٺʱڣǾڲʮĻӵΣ
㻹ûڣҶٺѾܹܵܵĶֲ֮
ֻҪҶٺӿԲ֮ϡϡŵģѾκԭεʬ壡
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ڴʱһ񱩵Ҷٺ߼ԶͻȻһԶĺɫӰһźԷ˼ٶڵ滮һֱߣҶٺԵӭȥ
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ֻǿűܱѾܹʶǰ൱ʵһ˰
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컰䣬һȷѾϳصĺ˸Ϊ׳ֲĺɽǿʵʣҶٺվƬҲ΢΢Ĳ
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Ҷٺߣ·ǿһ۾˸â˫΢һһǹ˸ĹѾԼܵĿѹʱһͣҶٺųһա
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Ҷٺдżֲִ٣·ʲôһ㣬˳ƱһǬｫҪźɱе˰ʯ֮ڣѾһ⳯ڵĻײȥ

УôϵҶٺȻçײľٶҪ֪ʱǾĿͷﰡͷٷƵĹѾҡҡ׹Ļ˭֪󷨻᲻᲻ظ˲
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ǿʱܹҪĵطЩǿĻܽһдȼɻҽ

ҶٺȻǲԼҪĵطһ֮ȻĴ֮ˡ
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绢ѨɵûӣûʲôõĵģôҶ˵ġ
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405 
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ҶٺŸ̤ǺɫĶѨУĸоԼѾԽһ·ˮһĹĻڵӰӡԨкȴȻͬĿռ䣡
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ڴʱһ±һϮ۸ǵܵ˴һһ˸ߵĺɫڤ󷽻߳аϢʱ̱յĵط¶ҲҪʮȣɭɭ͸顣
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406 ǿ
ԭҶٺİʯռ䵱гŲĽɽͼŸոӦǰ񽣵ĴڣѾɳΪǰͻȻֵŭ
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û˿ԥҶٺѾֽͷ֮ϵĽɽͼ˲תһﳤԼǰ

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Ҷٺߣǰͬһ׷ɫ⵱̺Ļ¼˵ͬʱħ֮Ѫɫâڿ²Žǹƻȥ
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407 
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ձһɫյи֣ǽصеİȫɣ
˸ǸűҶٺ׵ħӰɶħѪһ·ԭǿޱȵƸ˲ή
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ѱ˵汲ռİȫŪˣĳԹ
Ǳݷǹɿֲ֪ˣߵýҶٺιǣ

Ҷֵܣڳ˰ڴ˴ֵܹ֮жȹѹأİ
ҶٺոճȥʱһҷߴԶΡΡϽɬݰʾߴʱҶٺķеܡ
ԭΪڳϵȻҪһʮͷСӵģ⻹ЩͷӲ
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ŸճҶٺǲŸմ˵Ĺ֮»ָѾ۳һǿľ籩˲ϯԲ
Բ֮ڵһоΣ
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طʯͷʯͷʲôݰ
һ棬½룬һǶһƾʯǾʯľ޴ǱĴһƬƽ羵ƽԭ֮ϣа׵ĸ߶һһ޷󼰵Ĳַĸо
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ԭΪһ֮ӾȻôһСƭˣܵˣοʱ֮»վ֮Цµ߿ⳡ־簡

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Ȼǰǵľʿֻͨ˰ôܺЩ·ӵоֲĹս

һɫ׵ͨʿŸսìһͷ׸ߵĹѾһŲ̤࣡
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ȻǧʿûаսģǰѾγɵֿ߱ɼһߣ
Ҳֻƾ߹ͬĹܸĹˡ
ȻиΪͻƺʹߣ
񵺵վ֧ǰֻ̧־شƣǰͬˮһӿĹ˻ɱ
ƺ񵺵߸ͬںڰеߣÿڿʧֱζһͷıֵȼִСһɱ
վԵ¬Ĺǹ棬ֻ̧־ϵٻǹ޿ӣǹֿԶ֣
Ҳ¬ĹΪҲΪЧˣ˭ЩûʶҪ¬ٻأ

һ棬ھǧһһƬѾΪƽصĻ֮ϣµңңԡ
һƵĻӣҶٺ
ȷǺǿҲİ֮»ȻȴȻҵĶ֡
Ҷٺ䣬³Ʈ裬һȾ˭֪ѾǰᵶеİӶսٻغأ
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ڵ֯еˣÿһʵֲޱԶʤͬߵĴڣۺڵĶҲ⣡
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Ҷٺһ뵽ԼȥԼϵǧʿѾڵΧˣͷ·ʲôڷһ㣬Ҫڸ̤ƽ
Ȼʱ񱩷·ҰһҶٺûܳڸȥѾһǿֻѷɫԼЩʱܹԼɱǿסˣ

Ĵ֮֯һĶǿߣۺڵǿɱ֣ʱܹǰѰɫҶٺɱҶٺòӦս
ԵɣȻ֮ڻ治֪˭ܹס񱩵еˣ
ʮ·һؼ籩ܵɽҲֱӱɿʯ
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һа׸ߵǳȻֶԵ͵ҪǶѹ飡
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һ˿ʣԭѾʼڳһ׺͵Ļ΢һ𶯣ǱѾ·޿ײһ㳯ǽߵĵǿȥ
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Ҷٺһ˿⣬ܹⶾһǰ֪ǱʲôǿɱУҲ޷Ҷٺʲôð
ǷųҶٺԺеĲǻþ
Ҷٺܹ֪ⶾһĹ켣һ˵Ǻεǿı°


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Ͽȵ·Ѿ˵ĸİٶϻű̬ͷԼصĶ֫࣬һ׸ߣŧҺĳùĹʬ壡
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һĹ񵺺ƺǿѾͷʺڵĹΧȻҪͬʱͷԶͨʺǿıɱȴҪٵĹ㽫񵺵ߵսǣסˡ
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Ҷٺ϶ʱֲޱȵ·֮һ㳯ǰĺ˺۳ڵıȥǱ˼ŭùֽ˻

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ǰ¾Ʊ·ʲôȤһ㣬ޱȵ۾ֱСһ㱡

СҲΪԼݵķеⲻȥȻǰӶְȻֹĸо
˵ǹ׶ߣǶֵģСǿ˳Եأ
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418 
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419 
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һԶҶٺϴ·һ˻𣬺ƴǴ½·ʲôһ㣬ԭûаϢ¶Ҷٺ϶Ȼһɿֲ֮Ϣ·Ҫڻһ㣡
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ͬһʱ䣬һֻаƴĻ¯ѾҶٺϣŸһ֣¶ȶȻǧȣµҲֱڻ


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Ҷٺҡͷ̾ϢʱٴʶԼδɳķ֮Ҫ˰
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421 
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ɱǿʮսľʿǿսĵӣڵĸ߽ҲС
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ҶٺΪӵģһҪⷲĴ۹ǡһˣҶٺ֮Ļͳ˧ϰ
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ҶֵĩҲֻǷ֮ǰЩ˷ǰҲֻҪȷϴ˵ǷЩʵֲĹǷҲֻЩӲܹɱ
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ԭµһɵھȻɥ׵ĹҪĿġ
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ҶٺǻɻϰĵĴͷ˵𣬺Ҷٺ֪ĸȥ
Ҷֵ֪̫ӵ׳ȻҳѸߣôݵļ̳˲²ҵءȻ̫ӵ׺ǰʹ䲻
ǰǼ㻹治֪ǻĵ۹̫ӵ䣬˵öô
Ҷٺƽû˿·˵һƽһ㡣
ʱˣصԭǻĵ۹̫ӣҲѹǰϰĻռǵҶٺչмӣðĪķðڵˣԭǿǵ̫ӵºԼĹϵа
Сӻҹİ
ҶٺҧгݣȻҶ˶飬ⲻҪҶٺȥ֮úýѵһô
һҲǺõģҪ֪ҶٺߵĿǻϵӰҪӰԼЩ˺½ϵĶҲ׶ˡ
οЩҲ²ĺ°һĵۻ˵ֱ
һҶٺ˵Ҫϵ飬Ϊ󽫵ϰѾҶٺ˵
֪ɷҶֵЩʱ䣬ĩҪ߳һ棬õ۾һ绪ïӢķˡ
ǻϲҪԼȥһô
ҶٺҪ鰡ҿҲʲôҪȻҲ˳ĵһǲͬһǿˡ
һõʥ۷磬Ҷĳҡ
Ҷٺ΢ЦȻû΢Цãԭõ֮϶ʱһЩˣ
˵ʵҶٺЩ˿ɻûжģҪֻǳ˵ΣܹϵϣһͬԸڡ
ǰһΪ½۹֮һĻĵ۹ˮĻᣬҶٺôܷŹأ
Щ߲صģһĵ۹Ѿ۹ϰ۱ѹ½֮ѾĵǧͷĹˡ
ϰд޷ƵɱҶٺҲܹ̺ܵɱ⡣
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422 Լ
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Ϊӵ۱½۹֮һĵ۹ĵ۶䷱ٳ̶ȾԲҶٺǿԱģԲʮľ޴һͷͥ¥ǾסŲڰİա˵ÿһֵ֮ϵȻˮˣǵпɴ
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Ҷٺ˸˹â·һһֱĶǰߣԵͱˡ
ӦҶٺɾζҪԣζʱҪԱڻΣհ
Ҫ֪Ȼ˵ĲȻǰ֮һټĻĵ۹ҷ𰡣
Ǳڵǿ֪⻪ĵ۹ҶٺıԸǣ»ĵ۹Ҫڵķ񱨸ˡ
ЩǳԵĵΪһĻô᲻֪أȻΪĪһҶٺֻ˵ĻȴǷ粻ңֻζĶҶٺ΢Ц
ҶǣҲǴְˣҪ˵õģǿɻ½ڶʿ
ʱҶٺͻϾټĻԻ͹˵˵ţ˸ǹγһƬӨĻ⹬Ҷٺµڸǿ߿̽󷨡
ȻѾҶĳٴ㶩ԼһڱؽڲԻĵ۹һƬգ
Ҷٺ΢Ц˫۵˿κζ¾һͷǧϺҲڴʱҶٺֵʲôˮ


423 ǿ
۱۾½֮һͼĻĵ۹֮ڸҶٺ޶ȵ֧֣Ѿǻĵ۹ҶٺĪ֧˰
˵ϻӦ۹ľ˵һͬ뵽δƵС
ϸһİȻɱһȻ뵽ʲôŭ顣
ΪҪ飬ȴǽЩĹΪĴɣȻЩɥ׵飬д
˵ҲǣЩʵǿޱȣǷܹģ˵ȻӦ顣
ҶٺѾ˳ֵȥһһʮĸ˻ϣмȴȥԶǿսʵˣϾʵ˵ȥʵ̫ˡ
²ɱ޹ıˣܺľⷲ۹ˡ
Ϊ飬⻪ĵľ𲻴ӦҶٺҲδ֪֮ˡ
ǿߣҪͨΪƷıˣԼ޿ײĶ۹ĲٿأѾΪһĻ˰
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ҸΪֲǣ˸սҶٺǱץסͬʱһɱҶٺϵѹҪǿΣϰٱѹ⹬ٴα鼸䣬˵һֻѾ𣬻ĶҶٺ
ҶٺܹԤеԼѾϢסˣ
ǳģ
ֻһ÷·ħҶٺ֣߳˵֮Ѿһ貹âǷýԼճһƬѩף
׵ıϬɱ
ҶٺоԼڷŵһ˲·ǳĺһ㣬߻ƵĶ̺ŻǿǳÿһŶԽҶٺĲ嶴
ǡǿգ
Ҷٺ㱣ȻʱѾûκܹвĶȻȴȻ·һûа㶯
ʵϣʱӶһƬ貵ǿգƾԣһ˿˿ֵĸͷ
ǿߵսҶٺϵַ֮ȫȻĻԵڣ


424 սǻ
ǳѹܹ׵ĴҲµķӡڵ֮һǻʣ
Ҷٺ·һƬǿһ۾ֱĶǰǻʣȻųһΰȴȻǰǿĵûаη
ǻʣܹ֮ͬõԾ֮ǳȻҶٺȭ֮ͬȻǻʹҶٺȭǿҪ¼ˣ
ǺǺǡŶڱ˵ҪǰӦùעǣѾԶˣ
ǻһֱһ˿·δ仯Ц⣬ֻ΢αѾʧԭأҶٺ·𿴼һǳ޿ɵֵĻԼ
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·˷·統еѾǿķ֮Աİ
ҶٺĬǻʵÿһι·̺Ƭǿյİһ㣬Ҷٺһںǿ֮µã֮У
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425 ǻ֮
Ȼǻƺ֪ҶٺͼֻһЦе߱ѾһͨڵϢѾֻʣһʯĹַ֣
Ҫָˣӵʵûڵվǲֵһϣ
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ֻһ޺Ҷٺǰһֱа׵ĺɫʯûа¶ȴҶٺޱȿֲΣոо·ʱܹһ㣡
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Ҷٺȭͷ֮ѾһѪɫѪһѪ񽣣а״ʯȥһ㽫ô鿪
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ҶٺĽɫǳŸһ֮ʱһӰѾյиֳݺݵײⷽԲʮ֮ڵض磡
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ܹҶٺĲʱİʯռ䵱УҶٺǿ̵ʱĶ
ȻҶٺʹʯռ䵱е߿ǳ߿ǳȴȻͬλϰһ㣬Ҷٺһ߽лȻصİԼԸš
·ǲҶٺһ㣬Ҷٺɫѿޱȡ
ѵǳԦģ
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ΪʲôأҷѾǳϵǳҲҪҵĺȻΪƫƫҵİʯռ䵱еǳȴ˷أ
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ҲҶٺ֮ԲǻʵԭȭôǿҲҪں͵ȼⲻĶֵֽܸó

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أϲЦţ˻úܣЩķݶûʲô˰
ƹͣµĶȴͻȻ̾Ϣһ
ҲǰսңСжҲò˰ҲǺͶǼС㣬ûҵô
ţ·ʲôһ㣬ֻǵͷίޱȵ˵
ûءˣҼС㾹ûһϢأǽɵ˶ˣҲ
ȥȥءߴ˲Ҳʧô
ƹҲԵ֮ЩɶޱȰ
ǵģҶٺĻ϶ܹϳС򲻾һʼڵ
ⱻȹε̫ƽջƹ񣬻лԵɺţ
Ѿǻĵ۹ĵ۶ĳֲֿݻ֮ĵˣԴ𣬻֮ϱݻٵĵ۶ɾܽǽһľ޿ƽ԰ѹκ˲ÿ
ΪˣԴӻĵ۶ʵĵڶ죬ͻĵ۹ı۳Լīڹһ֪ͬ£ĵ۹֮£Ű½Ĺģһӱһĵ۹ìͷֱָġ
ͬ꣬ҲҶٺԶħͷٴڴ½ʧʱ
ħͷֶڷ˵ֻڰԼţ½˵ǿ̹ĵʹ࣬ʧڴ½֮Ҳ֪Ƕϣġ
һ;ʧթʬѾˣĳʱֻͻȻ½ˡ
½֮ϻŵʱˮȵеȻЩĶѵУΪҵıƽˡ
칫գȴһɽǱǿᣬʱԼСݶҪͻȻݽĵоռſҪ
ܹڼսҵлĻѾ˵еˣȻûȸ˼죬һһצץƳǽһͷܶʯ޵ĹѾһڽ䵥İյɿвͣ˳ٴϼ˵ʳ
սթʢУʢ
Ϳ̿ʬҰΪֲǣЩ˼䱯绹֪Ҫ϶꣬·ûоͷһ㡣
ԭѷ֮⣬ȥޱȣʱٸʫʱŪµ½ҲͬһƬ衣
ӵмвҶٺʧ֮ڱٴγΪ½֮ϵİˡ
ԴӳҶٺ֮ƺΪȥԼĸˡ
ÿһÿһ¶ƽӵܱΪӣȻټѾΪϡٵĵط
﹩˶ÿһ춼һЩӡ뿪嵽ʲôطȴû֪ˡ
֮⣬½ͬһ̶ˮһ㣬ٴλָԭƽ
ɺħ֮Ȼ֮ľ׺ͳɱߵȻǿɼķ硣
ȻЩѾ޶õߣӵвٱҶٺǧһسֵ˹ڵСɢˣȻЩ˲Ÿ˵ԼڻɱһڵĵӣڶǱ˼ˡ
жܹҶٺڵĽϵ׷ɱ֮»أ


430 ʮ֮
οҶٺҲ֪㵽ʲôط˰Щôܿסڵıء
ƽԼаɵ֮⣬Щ½֮ϵҲһǱ½֮ϵıˡ
ȻЩƺ߻Ҫǿ٣ֱ˵ܹһжһǶôǿҲҪЩȺӳûĹ˺Ƭ
ҲϧԼ˭ῴһʯͷԼͷء
οӵΪǿʵҲֻˣʵֻɳСආȻĵķ緶½֮ϵҲ㰡
Ǻӵǿвı˱˳µĳΪ½֮ϵһķ羰ߣ˶ֹĳָе˳ˡ
ÿʮߺͼٸô
ƽʱҲֹô˺οЩƺٳˣֻһ±ôһΣȻȫҲҪЩƼˡ
ݻҪѡĴ𰸣ȻҪѡһ֡
ǱȵĻǸԸĵȻ˭Ըûаأ⻹ǱֲĴѹĽ
Щ½ͷ֮⣬Ȼһ˵·һĴڣǾλ½вģΪǵĵط
ǣǰֻһ΢ֵķȻȴѾΪ˺ǿ߻۵ĸݡ
˵ĲɵӲԽԽǿߣ˵һţѾȷ۹۶ܺ͵ĵԼ·ͨһĿֲϵͳ
ԴҶٺʧ֮ȻڵǵĵطжٴڵĽͱ˵Űֵ⣬жٴڲ˲߶ұߵľ顣
һں۹֮Ĵڣҳϵģǻܹ׳󣬾ûܵĴ
˵ǵĳ֮λȻȱȴľѾʧٴγȻ֪ǲѾˡ
ȥÿ춼ʧ٣ÿ춼Ҳ֪굱ж˶ѡ
ж˴ӸһҹΪ⵰Ȼ·ޱ߼ʵĶѵУȻвǿӿֶ
ǣѾа׸ߵĳĶѾһŵĵ̨Ƕһ˶ļƷʯԵûޱȡ
´УϽɢ޵ѹϢţȻڽĳֻۡ
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ƺ֮ף
ʥŮʶ
Ѫѡ֣ԼΪӵжʮؾԼǧߣȻԼȵؾͳ죬ǡ
ȻȻĴǣĺģԼǱǲǵ
ĩѾǧؾıɱıֿʼˣʵڲ
ȴ˳ţɳƵ·Ѽһ㡣
ħŵ˵ǽǵɱˣʶǰһ²ħǵͼͬħźħǮҵˣͼ졣
ǳŸ߼ǵĴ˵֮ΪѪͳҲ˵
ΪǸǽ˫ۣ·˼ʲôһ㣬ִʵȨͳĴû˿Ӧ
¶ۣȴԭֻһɬ˷˪ĺۼͷ֮Ҳ˼˿ȴǶ˼ֳȼֿ顣
֣ûϢô
Եòɣ룬вһ˲Ȼ£·дޱȵһ㡣
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һҲһ˿į
һս֪ҶٺֿҪ޷ĨȥĿӡ˰Ϊ⻹ǵһƾʵܵˡ
ʮˡʮˡ
˵˵ţ˫Ҳ̲סսȭͷ۾Ҳŵʪ
쵰㾿ʲôطҹ֪жڵô
ʮһССķ𽥳Ϊب½ǿսݣΪӵ񣬶ʮؾԼӽߵĿֲڡ
½ɢ֯½֮Ͻһսݡ
Ȼ½֮ϵͳߣڶɲھǶڵĵλΪʾĬϡ
ԽԽǿȴǳΪ½֮϶صķ羰ߣ˶Ѿ֪ǵľݵ㣬ûԸȥЩȥΪѾû˲֪ЩڳĶϾԼƲˣҲûкԼ˽ˡ
ʮ굱УսһƵҲûг׿ԽһͻΪڵǿڣȻȴȻ˱˵צ֮£ǲ֪ġʧ١
ʮˣڶںڰеһѾǰ˶֪ڳȥһʣʣλĴʵĻߣӵڵʵҲܹڿⰡ
Ȼ˵òʮˣȻ˿·ڻجج״̬УǻܹͷмȻݷţȴĳʱĳ֣˵ȴĳ˵ĳ֡
ʮ˱仯ҲҶ䶯ǡ
ѾͳһħȴǹĻɷԼħĦ
ϻĵشֵֵĳȺӳֵЫ
ʮƵںһԼû½֮ϵƺԼ񵺵ˡ
궯Ƶıˣ½֮ͬһĴҩŵǿҩʦ
ЩһͬӿֳĹ··ӡ֤һͬѰҪ
ڣǧµһʥȻʮǰһΪҶٺħͷȥɽ룬ƾʮµĥϴԼߵŬѾٴγΪ뵵һĴڣҲڵ֮ڡ


431 ҹĻ֮
ڵ챦֮ϣһλɫ۵Ƕʯ֮ϣ۾ǰֵССڶлʲôϸۿĻԷڰŪһſϸСĺɫǳȴǳռʲô
֮һǻʡ
ǻʲǴǲڵҪµô
ôȴǶӵλðҪ֪ӻûе뿪ʱ䰡Ҳ֪ڵӵʲôطȻǻλ֮ϡ
Ǿס
ǻ˫۵жȻڹâ·ܹһ㣬񣬻ʲôܹģ
ͬһ죬ĵ۹۶룬ѾʮֵϿգ֣ż̺ǿѪ£ڼӲĵ֮ϴСϰܹǹ˸
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ʮһֱ˳ĵ۶ʱ΢Ĳ·Ҫһ㣬Χϰľޱȡ
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֪µ˸еҵǣ֮µĵֻ˰ʱѾƽϢˣ·ʲôҲûзһ㡣
֮ϵҲʧӰ٣˶Ѿȴˡ
֮һƬҰУһм䰼ȥéУҾ׵Ŀ޺ɢҹеĺ⣬յԭ貵ǳҲ֡
ѾõéУһȥʮʮŮһѾ˫ûаµŮƴʹ࣬ȻѾʧȥ˵Ů֮ϻһЩŽضϵѪҲûˡ
ҵŮվһµӣ»һ߳ͷĹʬ塣
װΪʲôҪôɵΪʲôҪ뿪
Ůʹ࣬ҪѾʧȥĸ׵˫֮մ˸ɺԵѪ
ܸҰҪðֱŰıɱΣհҪСŮڱɱĹؼʱİˣҲҪΪͷצ˰
ܸͽڰ˳䡣
ǰƽ·ֳһ㣬ûжд
ȻڴʱŮȴǷ·ץ˾һ㣬ðǰˣͲûǰץס˵ĽŸˡ
Ķˣ֪һҵĸװ˰ֻҪܾҪа˰
ΪŮѾ˵˵ڵأµļѾΪʹ鴤ˡ
Ψһȥˣ˭ֲеأοѾԼΪزĲ½֮ϻжٰ
Ҫĸ׻з·һħֻῪڱ룬ֻŵͷ
ôá
ֻǰ˴һӣʱ䣬Ƭؼ·𶼳һֹƣƮ㣬ԭ˵ĳϼܰ
صյУ鷢ֻŵŮˣԭһѪȻʺѪǽ裬һֶѾȥʱŮ˵ɫǻ˫ۡ
˸طܹ˳˰ǰãĸףǰصİˣ룬֪Щʲô
ĸ׻ˣúþТסӵʶЦܿޣֻӵ֮Ҫˡ
һЦŵϵĹʬתҪ뿪ˡ
У¸ҵĻҶҪ󡭡
ȻһòŮûжһ㷲ģҪʥ˲ܹ鰡
ϵ˭ʮǰ㣬ǵ۶ͱ˴սҶٺ硭
·ݺһ㶯ҹлƣȻŻڵİѾ֪ʲôʱʧˣֻµŵһʲôĳ¼
ǵģҶٺˣûоǵ۶Ѿ
ʮȥͿ̿жٹڡ
ĺڰںҹר¾֮µħղܱɱ
ããﲻûϣϣҲҿ
һҹ֮´·Խʱһ㣬Զɣһµ߷ĸпһ㡣
ȻҹĻ֮£ȴһ߳İӣյ˫۵̺޷ѹֻ֣һ۱ܸ޾İˡ
ҶٺҶٺȻʮǰòûз仯Ȼ˫͸¶ĹâȴǴ֮Ĳɣ
Ҫ֪ڰʯռ䵱жȹʮʱ䰡һʵ統еʮʱ䣬ôڰʯռ䵱жȹ˺εӰ
ǰҶٺѾǿݼûϢ״̬ѹӦʹǳܸʯռ䵱е߿ǳõޱˣǿֱٻʵռ䵱С
Դӽǻͨ߱ԼԼʩչǳͨ͸ҶٺǳҲѾɴ˽ںھƾںڵΪҶٺܸһںǿ߻
˵ҶٺѪ֮Լɷħķ֮ޱȣܸڶԸǻʵʱٸԼϼֻʤİˡ
Ҷٺʣµһַ֮ҲΪǿʱ䷨ȴֻﵽڳڵľ磬ҲܸһˣѾĽ˰
Ҫ֪ھ壬Լķ֮ԼĽ簡ҶٺѾܸƾһ֮Լ߸ַ磬¾յǻǰҲĶְ


432 ŷɥ

ãҶٺǻվеǳҲһɲǼ֣·ΪҶٺеȲһҲΪˣҶٺ󷽲ŻӰֵһ֮·һӴĹ
ͷеĳֻ׻צӻӥëȥ̥ͬһһ֮¾;θӿЩǿĹƺҶٺһצϲˣеͷ­ŤŤĵڵϡ
žҶٺĿе֪½֮ϵı˵Ŀֲ״
ˣֲ½˸ҪѨֲڣȻУڵľǿǿҪ½ϹĽĴڰ
ӵǿ׵ķͬǱ仹ҪߴҲҪһĴûа½֮жٸܹɱǿߣҲࡣ
ҲΪʮû˭ܹЩʵֲı˿⣬ЩҲ֪˶ı˲űԼڵ͸
Ҷٺȴǵһվ˾ƩڣЩŻ˼ı˳ײ¾ʮҲжܹӵҶٺ˵
Щѵϰô
Ҷٺ˼ʱѾٴԾֻǽżڵ֮һ̤ѾԶɳʮԶ־¾ǬŲҲûȿֲ
𡭡
ûãһϮµҶٺŸվһ޴ɽĳڴɽѾһŭ֮·ĴڸӦҶٺǿڿԵʡ
۳ڣ߹ֵƶȻͦġ
Ҷٺ˵ȻǰĶѾϵž綾ȴȻ·ΪһվǶǰ·ڵȴʲôһ㡣
ڣֻܹΪ˶֮ˡ
ֻ䡱һ죬ԭӴޱȵʯѾҾ·һ˻ţͼԨĶѨͻȻӿɹѪ⣬ȴڳڵıͷԼСආʬ塣
Ѿж꣬ûܹ˸ߵĽ˵ӪɱΪֻҪ˶֪˿ڵıΪ˵ڣЩ˾ҪܵвҲΪˣЩ˲ʮʱ䵱ǿ
ȻҺƺûдﵽڵǿ󾳵أȻϻûжܹεˡ
ͬһ죬ԭѾ·һ̶ˮһ㣬ֻ֪½Լӹµķ䣬һŵϢ
Ȼ˵ڵĽܹŭ飬һӲҾͬһ죬Ϣ½֮ϵ˽𾪡
ͬһ죬½֮˽֪İ˴ű˵ľݵ㣬⵽˵ĹһѪΪѪͱըĿõЩ鷢ˣȻʱص㲻ͬȴһΪƵĹͬ㣬Ǿг߿ľӨǳ
ԭ½֮ϵƽԼߵıˣȻһ֮ڳǰʧȻڰ»Էֵı˵ϳûбֲϷԵĽȴЦԷǵĸо
½սңںƵ𣬱ˣѳһ
ҶٺֻǽһѾ̤ʮûжñܹ½вڵĵط
ʮȥҲ֪ôˣǿҶٺ½֮ϵһӰ
ȻûЌԶҶٺԭƽɫͻȻһͣ˫۵罣ֱ·ִȥ
ҶٺΪĪ⣬¾ԼҲѵʵľ֮£κζ¶ɡ
ֵֻУһ޵ɫһʯʯУʲôҶٺ֮ͣΪһЩҪ顣
ǹǵ顣
аҪǱǵôǿѾٵ˰ڰǵǹʹ
һȥŷǳӳɵʵ
ߡа磬аôûõǲںѵħ𣿡
Գаɫɣÿһ˵ʹһ
ˡһɵ
а㶼ңǻ֮а߳ȣħƾҪȥ
ǺǺǡǱǱ尡λǾͲô
ڴʱһѾɵⲽ߽ʯȴڳ˷·˹һ㡣
ôģ
а䣬Ϊ֪µĿۺڵ󷨰ѵǰ֮ϵΪ
ҶٺаɫɷףʱĲ·˹һ㡣
Ҷٺħ½ܹŷɥ
ߡҶٺʲô˼˽͵ڵ¡
а˫Ŀŭȥͬһ㡣
˽ıԸǣһܽɱˣҶٺһ£ɱĻԵýڽڲ롣
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ħŵӽĲڴаβסޱȵľ֣򵥵һп̺аĪڹȥֱǿһܵС
ȻֻҶٺһӣɱʧӰ٣аҲʧֻµֻлƶСİɫǵ˸ΧƼ̶ʧӰ٣һ˿Ҳûɢݶ
ʲôаҶٺȻֻһ֣һۺڵǿߡ
㡭ô
аǿѹŨޱȵľɫһ⡣
ȻҶٺʵѾͨ쳹صĵزֻҪһܹ˵룬ô᲻֪ǰʵ϶֮̿ء


433 ͻ
㣬ʺڡ
Ҷٺ΢Цǰа磬űͷԵа
㣬ѾΪ߽ߵǣ̰ôѵڵ֮±ĥ
ĸûһǻѪĸ˲սķѪǰƺԽԽСһ㰡
ϻż۵аһ˿ʹüͷҲš·żʹһ㣬ͬıҲаԵаϡ
ҶٺǵһλᣬҪˣֻǵʲôʲô
Ҷٺ˷з·ŻɢߵȻ֮ٿɽУǷŴһµҶٺӰ
ȻǣȻôǿҲһצأааһۣ˵ƺһЩʲô
ڣҪȥ
аԱа곤࣬ͷ֮ϵʾɣ֮С
ȥǻܹȥҲˣȻԼ˶ڵʵҵ½֮ϻӵĪΣհ
ǡ
аãӽʶ˵ȻаҲûбԼĲ˱㰴ԼԸǼԶǻȥ
ǿ˵ʮ½֮ȫĵطԶں֮ϵҲΪƵĵٶѣǿ¾½֮ϵܹ뵽׸֮ˡ
ͬһʱ䣬ҶٺӰѾٴγ½ĸɽԼ֮ؼ䣬ǲа߶ϲĽԼɵĵط
ʮȥҶٺΪԼҲ֪ʲôĳ̶ȣֻܹԼĪƳԼʵַ֮ھܹǻʻܵĳ̶ȻƾʵҶٺҲѾӵ㹻ʱ½֮Ϻ绽ˡ
Ҫ֪½֮ϣܹӵʵĶжٸ˵൱ڵǵȿֲǿˡ
ֻ֮ҪҶٺĵطסˣܹһ䡰Ǿ͸ԸôҪҪ㡱֮Ļ˵ҷģǱҶٺĴһӣűѾʧ½֮ˡ
ܵôһ仰ܹʲôãĥҶٺѾںˣʱѾܹԱ޶ȵڣ˶
ǣҶٺעҪٴ쳹½һڴ½ӵħ·ζһĩٰ׼Ҫ½֮ϻԹڵҪһˡ
һɱ¾Լߣ·𱩾һѹ½֮ϵȥҶٺһ˼˺޵ħͷ
ȴǰǾˣΪƺֻһ˲ܹǵصı֮»

ǣһʧٶܹίȥҪڱ𰡡
һ۵߾в¾񽣣·ϰٵ˵ű㳯ǵķɳ۶ȥ
һʱ䣬Хźؼ䡣
磬һ㱨ĵҵ׵潫ɱˣҾ֪ҽӣֻΪ
һϺبһ޷ĨȥצۣѾŵǧص߳š
ɷڣһɫɽ֮ۡ
ħˡ
һµվԺ統УʵʵĳĿǰһ·ӵھʯǰʲôˣڶԻʯ֮ˡ
ȥڶ˵ˡ
һѲɣԵòҵ𣬡ҶٺӦ׷ĿϣպܹԽܹΪɷڵļ̳ˡ
ͬһʱ䣬½һɽȵУɫɽȣȥͬһ㡣
ͽСôǺǺǡ
·һһŷǳСݵһӵоյŮӣȥͬһһ㶯ˡ
ʱǰ˼֮ϣȴҲһŮӣӷˮ̲סϧ֮⣬ٳһǵˡ
ʦЦ˼ˡǱΪͽŮһɫľ˿£¶ޱȵĹâ֪ôأ
ŮһЦҲ磬ˮƾЦܹߵ
ǿˣҪ㵣ôȢؼңһ²ġ򻨾ôˣ
Ůӻתͷ·̺޾ﲨǲɫίĶʦ˵
ʦͽûãôҲֻͣ黨һأͽƺҲҲķˡ
ǺǺǡ
ŮڿЦ·ܹ֪һһ㡣
ȻˣΪɷ˰һ죬ʦұһ졣
ҶٺɽȵмǰŮӣһ𾪵һѾѷĶҪǰŮӣ·ˮܽһŮӣ˼ĺŷܰô
ŮӣȴӣǼ̳ˡ򻨾ҽڶؿջӣ
ôɱǸʮٴѾʮ֮õ½·һ˲ػһ㣬һ޵ɱ𣬷·ҪƬ½һ㡣
һ棬ҶٺԼΪѸݵĶ½֮ϴʱԶ½ڣ챦֮ڡ
ԭӵıȻǻţ챦ȻһϺɫǳƶɵĹĻǳлתȻϸϸ۲죬ܿǳ֮ʱһֹŹֵĺɫ
֮ǶʷųǿɶСɱˡ
ǻ䳹ǣֻһ߳ȣѾǧıҪҲ
򲻿ɣ״̬ȹ̣óȻųҪʧء
һ۰·һվĻ֮ǰɢŭǻӣƹâҺʵĪǻʶӡ


434 ֮
ʯϣ˵һ飬ʽǷųȻںܿҪЩ˵ˡ
ŭеǻҲƽʱǰȻǰ·һû˿ɢݶ߼ŭýӽץ
ԾǲԣҪƱ߽档
ʯһ·ħһɳֱ˻սֻǴһӱѾʧ챦С
Ҫֱ߲ӣʱ򣬱װ˳æ
ڵƺǵӵĳʵƷˣӵ󱯰ˣԼյͽܣǱԼЧҶɸˡ
½в·һبƽԭ֮ϵǣʱȻǾĴţ·һ겻ɫʯһ㡣
Űȫů֮⣬ȴǶһҪǰͶȴΪûжĿռܾķˣߡ
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Щ˶Ҫȥɱڣд¾Ҫ˰
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һһûκȵԼȻ൱Ĭģ·ǿ߽ǵķɳ۶ȥ
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꽫ѹ֡
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⣬һµҶٺѾյУһǣȻûа磬û˻ʵ⿴ʱ·ҪںΪһıܹϤһ
Ҷٺǰվһ֧׵ʦʮӴſռСƽԭ
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ʮʿߣվ˰ƽԭռƬûκһεѹڻУյжʱһ˿˿ϵ磬һǿޱȵһɱĿֲһԻһдڡ
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ҪֻҪͨеѣΪʲôڵ˾ҪأΪʲôЩ˶Ҫɱأ
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ǾͲʮ굱챻ЩûĿֲŻľڣЩڰǿߴǾͲ᲻
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Ҳ֪˭ôһͷϵźڰƽԭ֮ӿԭ֮һʰѾѹֵµǷ·ĺˮһƵ̶ʱⷽԲ֮ڡ
һɿֲһǿһʱ䣬ޱʧɫ
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435 ǰ
ȻҲҶٺǻϵĹˣʮһֱѭźҶٺԼǾǣгһգ۹Ҷٺһڵˣʮǰ۶ʧûκջġ
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ѹѹһƬʮȥͬһһµİʿڶߵĲΣǱֻܳ䵱ɨսľɱˡ
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Ԫɢ˼壬ۼʹߵԪãսеȷǿԻΪ棬ǽߵһãܹӵٴսˡ
⾭ľԪɢͲһˣǾܹһʮϰٱԪҪ˵һûôྫԪȡˣȡҲҪǰжʮˡ


436 꿡־
ҩһ̣С椿ɱԽԽ˰
ҶٺһƳȴĻŭţ˭ľͷſء
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Ҷٺ˵·һ㣬ѾɽͼУɽתĽɽͼѾҪˡ


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ѪŸһҽϵҶٺµĹ׽綼ҪֻѪܹǰϰߺϳɵĶɱһս


438 ǻǰ
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յУһģԿȫòֻͣһΣȻѾɢҶٺҪ࿴ĿֲɳҪʵǿǾҶٺǻȴҲӲӵǿ
Ҫͣ֡
ȻȻ˲ЩɱԼˣǾǵͷ񶾻ֿ֮־

Լϰٸ¶һ̬Ӳƴôðء
ʱֿ־ܵһֱǻԼصĻǣƵҶٺһͭѾǰһǿὣѾ᳤գл͵Ĳ֮пȥ
ء
ֿ־ǵǱֻҶٺ֮µǿߣֻڳڵΪѾӵǿޱȵ̺Ϭһֱֱײǲ֮ȻʱĲ֮Ѿȡ˲ԺںڵʵᲢۡ
ȻǱһһζʮɱֱѪˡ
ۡ
ֻڳڵֿ־ôܽӵ൱ںڵǿķأ
ֻһѾѪӿֱ³һںѪȻҪǰȥӳڶͬʱһǰδеΣгļ䣬ˡ
̫ˣ
Ҷٺ񱩵ȻŸռֿ־˵Ҷٺ֪ʱѵһȭ·ħѪİԵȭѾԽ޾գ˲ֿ־ĺ֮ϡ
ͬһʱ䣬ͨʱ䷨ҶٺѾܹܵõ۽ԼϵһѾһʰһѹޱȵѹ˲ѹձǧ׺¡ŭ
ȻҴƷǸ֣ҶٺôûӦԴʩأֿ־һǲ֮Уò֮һ󲨶ʱѪɢɱûħӰĿ͹Ѿǡôǲ֮ϰ
¡¡
籩ϯؼ䣬ǧɻңҲֲ˺ѳһѹѹӰ·һ˷ȥѪԼˡ
ΪֲĲЩѾҶٺŸձǣǵصĿֲѹѾⷽؽ飬⽫Ҳֱӱ飬ûаɡ
찡ôܡôͻȻɺҹ˰
ʲôɫǳĩҪ𣿡
ǻʣǻ˰
һʱ䣬źҰŸͻѾһƬûоͷĺҹ֣һƬ磬ǱȷҪֲֵĵط
ͬʱյУһſɫɫǳңֻһ䣬Ҷٺµ߾ѾʮΪܲסѹֵƶֱӱ
ȻһУҶٺȴûа㷴Ӧֻ΢Цŵ˵
ҹǶôõĵطɫͺɫǳȴԵ̫ˣһЩõɫΣ
ֻˡ죬ûб߼ʵĺڰжʱɫɫɫǳȴԭɢϢĺҹ͸ֿľ
ܹʩչǳģǻʣҶٺҲܹʩչҶٺͬԼǳʩչˡ
ںڵ𣬾ڵĴܲѾܹϵʹ÷֮ǿʹ֮ɾԼĽ磬һأΪ֮
벻ʮʱ䣬ѾɳĵزˣȻʵĺ
ڴʱһͻأҹҹУ˶ǳ֣һ޳ӰѾǰ
ǻʣ֮һں۷ǿߡ
ξҪڽˣգҾҪԿɱУ˽ɱ޹Ķħ
ҶٺͬҹУûаɢݶ·ֻһįһ㡣


439 
ôҪһǰ񳿵Ĺ֮ǿ
ǻʿЦںҹз·ɱһ㣬ֻ˫һűѾûǳ
ڴʱûǻʳ֣ԭҶٺһȭԶֿ־Ѿվ𣬻ѾԼѪҺȾɭ죬·ԡѪһ㡣
ǻʣ˽
ֿ־ͭ񽣣ؿԹĿⶢҶٺ·ҪԵһ㡣
ȻǻҲ̧ͷֻЦеҶٺ
ҪˣûкжԵʵȥ˼²ǿ⡣
ֻǻ˫һԭ볯ֿ߳־ѾʧӰͬһʱ䣬ѹѾɢ·ϫһ㳯Ҷٺӿȥ·ҪҶٺݿһ㡣
ҶٺںҹУµߣȴǱֻվҶٺȫֵסԿޱȵѹҶٺȴЦֻǴһӣѹѾɢӰ١
Ī˵ңǷֿ־ܹס˰ʵó
䡭
ҶٺŸ˵꣬յѾγ߿ǳǹҫա
ҵĹ񽣡
ֻһӰŭȴҶٺ徹˲θףֱһǳ֮Ƶķѹ죬˷
ҶٺֻӶֱۣǷ·Ѿûһϸѣǹҫۡ
⻹ҶٺһԼʵȻֻǽһַ֮ʹѾܹѹסǻһͷˡ
ǣȻҲ˼Ԧǳ˰ô㿴ȭҵ֮ǿ
ǻʳХѾһֱ׵İʯҲѹ飬ĳҶٺѹȴնѹ塣
ǿǻʣҲ˰񽣣ơ
Ҷٺȣԭֻ糤񽣶Ȼҫǹ⣬Ƭûоͷĺҹȫǡءһ˶ʯͬʱҶٺһתһǳץУһƳǻǰӡȥ
أȭ಻ݡ
ֻءϵľ죬ǻѾˣҶٺǲĵĺǻʾһʱۺҲ÷ɢ
Сǣһ߿ţСѾܹԸõˡ
ǻʾҪֵסʱһޱȵҹзɢԭޱȵҹյоǹ𻨡
ֻҶٺѾвã֮޵ΣС
ߣһֱڰݷţϵëȻǿӦþʵеһ˰˾ȻһŮˣ
һŮ˳ΪڵǿߣʷϿǴûй
֮䣬Ҷٺڿ̤𲻶ĻŮӵòˮ
ֻһҶٺЩʧءһҶٺҪǿٵǿߣȻƾҶٺȹ̵ĵģûκξ˿ĵҡ
ǰֵڵһߣҶٺԺиֳһϤȴǼɵޱȵӰķӣ
ǵڵһλߣȻʮǰҶٺѰ֮ʱӡҶٺܹļǵãӿ޵аӵпסȭġ򻨾νҶٺа
ԭӲǻϲڵˣڻôһ˳ߵĵλΪߣΪβֱɱأ
ȴҶٺ˼ˡ
Ҷٺʱ죬ɲǼʮѾȥˣڵСҲ̤յϾ˰
ӿһЦվһ使εʻ֮Ϸ·ȺĻֻ˲ϵƱʱһ䣬Ϣ¶š
ʮ꣬һҲڿɱˡ
ʻ֮ߴʱ˿̵ӣ²Լʵֳ
񾳽ҶٺܹܵϵĿֲϢһһеľ֮
ԭмɱΪ̫С˰ڵ˽Ҷٺ֮ˡ
һսǰ񳿺֥ĳޣͬҲǡȭ͡򻨾֮ľս
ʤߣ̤ǿߣΪĻԹƷ
Ǻǡãֻнɱˣҵȭܹڻ
Ҷٺһ⣬ǰаһЦҵȭ谭Ҷٺִݻȭپȥˡ
ܹ⡶򻨾ɱǽƵķҶٺȭԶӵһܹ˿˿ƵУҶٺȱ
ҶٺŸ˵꣬ѾȻʩչʱ䣬ԭѾָʵٴαһƬĺҹڸǣ߿ǳҹյлû״ޱȵϢ¶ɡ
䡭
ʮɽڼԶϵ챦ҲҲҶٺȭɵǳӵеܡ
ۺ۷壬ӽܹϴֻһ˲䣬ҶٺѾҶٺɢۻѹѹþҲвѾڵԶˡ
ˣ뿪
սڼҶٺֻһӣڲƵǳѾҶٺΧ£
ƬռҲʼζ·Ƭռ䶼ҪһҶٺҪЩ˶ȥﲻܹĵط
Ҷٺ磬㡭ܹﵽء
ȻҶٺҪ˲ȥ֮ʱվҶٺԵȴͻȻ˵ϣǹ㣬ҶٺҲЩ̲סܾ
㲻ڵΪǺεΣա
Ҷٺ䣬Ҫͳȥںڵ۷ǿһսּر飬һڵСܹġ


440 Ϯ
ȻҶٺҪǿнǰҲȥ֮ʱҶٺе鷢ֻԭҶٺǰСèͻȻЦһǻûһɫƵħǰЦеĻʳɱȥлдʵ˵
ŮôƯô֪᲻黨ǲء
֮
Ҷٺɫ䣬ʱҲ޷ͳȥΪһ䣬ԭ㽫Ѿ粨ɱ¶ҹжʱɪܻա
ǣһȫҶٺʱô
ȻĻҪǿнǰͳȥƱ˵ĴԼԼķҪһ˲㱻ǰĻش
һж˲ɲǼ䣬տʼѾͬʱҶٺҲͬʱһֺߵâ˲ʧͬһʱ䡣
ҶٺѾͬһһһ˲佫Ѿɳֲ֮Ÿһ±һƬϬǳ䡣
䡭
ǳɽҪأŸһնѹóȻǳֵͬʱ
ԭĹҲѾһ使޶˵Ļ꣬ŸһֱѾ˲ήԲʮ֮ڵĻݲҲͬһʱ·һή
һƬһܹĴ似ƺܹήȻյдѹâҲѸȻֻʣʮŷƵʯͷ
һǰһ
ҼǵãǻޣȻǸĹһС
Ҷٺɫ䣬ֱӳſǳϣһϸ΢ǹҶٺӡ
ǺǺǡȻİ˰ԹԷ
ֺǺǵ˵һó֮ҲڽֻǶҶٺЦ·һ߸ϵĻһ㡣
ٺ㡭
Ҳһ죬ȻܹܵԴҶٺǳʩԼ֮ϳֵ仯һɷ·ޱ޾İ
ֻһѾ·ӵһ㣬оһ̣һҲ׾ٵ顣
ϻ˵һߴžС
Ҷٺɫ۹˸ͬӥֱһǳ˲ںһƶȻ࣬Ҳֲǣ׹
Ҷٺ»ֲܸȥȭᡭ
ֻҶٺ˲վһ֮ϵĻԣ˫ֻ̺֮һȭ籩ɱʮɽ͡
һȭѾҶٺǳ֮ȭ޴һȭ˰ѾҪڵʵǿ࣬Ѿڴܵʵ˰һʯҪ󱬡
ȻŴſһȭȴֻһЦһЦ·ɢҹһ㣬Ȼֻǻ·һϸȻôһ̡
ҶٺȴһּΣյĸо·Σǰһ㣬ϵĹƲһ͡
ûκϢҶٺĿ⵱УԭһƬĺҹУɫɫ¶ȶȻ½ϰٶȣԲ֮˲䱻˪֣ɭȻƴҶٺȥ·ҪҶٺɱһ㡣
ѩ躮򻨾ĵһؾĹ
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ҶٺϰƶʱӿɭڵѪâըѿ޾ѪǼ˰ԵѪȻȴǻ˲Žܵı˪ڡ
ѪڶأѪǿ״̬ڶغϽҶٺкѾȭڶǾټѪڶصȻſʵġ򻨾һصĹס
⻨̫ǿ󣬻򻨾µһ
ǺǺǡ㽫ȭڶأǳ磬Ҳҵġ򻨾ĶְҲһĴڰ
ʴЦҲʲôѾƮ仨꣬ɪϢְ˷۾һƬҰ⡣
֪ʲô飬ʲô黨ͻûЩǻĴڡ
ȻڴʱվҶٺԵȻ˫ۣ˫оŨħţҶٺҲҪɵҶٺ֧ţҲݵĽ߾ˡ
ô˵⿴ȥʵҲ֪˶Ů˾ȻûĶϸ飿Ҷٺ⣬ȻҪ˵ʲôʱѾǰȥŵ֮Ȼ¡
ԡ
񽣰׹ۣŸ£ҹѾ·һ㣬иҪгһ㡣
ͬһʱ䣬ҶٺߵҲͬ˸ǹ·һ㽫串ǵ
һƬܽⷽԲʮ֮ڵĵ渲ӯɫĩѾȻûܹڻʵϣȴ˳ڵ֮ϡ
˵ʱʱ죬ҶٺĹô˵Ҳӵں۷ǿܡ
ʵϣǻӵеġ򻨾ܹµﻯޣҪҶٺ֮ϵȭԼַ֮ˡ
ҶٺһȻòӦˡ
䡭
֮ͬ飬Ȼ뻨ͷֻʣ֮ʱԭ貵ĹâȻɰȻѾʧ͸˴룬ҲûзǷ·ҪİԵˡ
ɶ񡣡
ҶٺȣѾǾ綥似񽣶ֻ⡶򻨾֮ȻʧɫҪɥޱȵĽȻҶٺȴȻаȡ
ʱ񽣣ơ
ʱ䷨֮ʱ綼ҶٺʹóʱձҶٺʱ磬ʱյУʱ򣬿ԾֹԵˣǰʱֻҶٺݼ䡣
ˡ
ʱ䣬·ķһ㣬ԭѾӽ͸ʧ񽣶ȻâǻʵͷȥϬѵľڻʵĶͷ֮һǳǳѪۡ


441 ͽ
ǧ࡭
ǧǷżʧĿֲ似似Ȼܹεʱή
ȻһΣ鷢ҶٺԼܹܵؼŵŨܵĻϢȻҶٺٻĻʱվȻڣȻûʧ
ǧʧˣ
򻨾ʧˣ
Ҷٺɲô࣬Ѿͻʵͷ­ӴٴǰǴţءһʻ֮⡣
ôܡôܻ
˫۵ҲŵɣɲǼãޱȣ·ʧȥʲôһ㣬һ䣬Թһ˫۾·Ҫһ㶢Ҷٺ
㾿Щʲô
Ҷٺãˣ⡶򻨾ʧȥúйأ
һɫĩûдڻϰֻ֮ȻǷĩ̺İڵĵس̲ҶȻ

ҶٺͻȻһ˿
⡶򻨾Ŀǰ
Ȼ쿩һЦһʱ¶ɫǰ绨ĻҲҪȻʧɫ
ŮˣװˣװʲôأĹԽһΪƽأȻΪʲôأʵϣǲط飬Լ鶼ûɾСܻôͻƵľġ
ΪҩʦϢˣȻܸҶٺĵϤ⻨ʵˣǴʱԶڶĻҰϢҲ޷ӱĸӦ
򻨾ľҪ飬ģܹ⹦еľ谡ǰĻʾȻûнԼġ顱ϣȻˣҶٺҲòˡ
Ļȥٺ۰㡭
ҶٺЦһѾһƬǳʷ񱩵Ҫ䳹ѹС
ͬʱ·ǸоԼֳĻïʢһ֣ԭѾһƬߵڶʱⰻȻһɷپ
Ȼ⻨ʻսлھ͵ڰͻƣڷ͵ڽظֲȹ̡
ΪݶģҶٺһƻڣڹĵһƬǽ壬ںڻָڴŵģǰ⻨ʵһҲ·ɽһ䡣
ɶǧ࡭
ɫҶٺ̺Ѫһȭʹһ似Ҫή
ȻͬʱȴǡøڻָһƬ⣬ǧʧЧҶٺĦµһȭʱʵĴڻʵĸõɶڿ³Ѫ
ħϣȥ
ʴŭҶٺСʹޱȣʱҲԼϵһˡ
ֻ˲ѾǰһĺڹâǰѾ֮ϻȥ
䡭
ǳԭϵǳһ֮Ѿ˲飬âѾ˲ûڡ

ʹȣʧȥǿǳػֻʣ൱ڵʵôܳܵںǿߵıɱһʱͬһʱ䣬ںҶٺҲ١
Ϲţȥ
Ҷٺȴһʱ⻨лɳˡ
ʱ˵ҶٺֱǱŭϻ˻ųȥɭѪâ֣·һٶ׸ߵħվҶٺı󣬾һצץȥ˲佫ץУԶĵ֮ȥ
䡭
ɱһ·ħһͶӰƾӵǿ
ҶٺûĹֻ֪ħ൱ķһ㣬ӵкͬʵŵһץһѾӵں۷Ŀֲˡ
һǿ绨ҲҪ˿ʱ׹ڵ֮ѪֹɢĻʱܹ֪˵ĻʣҪ˵ҶٺˣҲܹũٲݻԼǿĶҩظ
ȻʤҶٺҲܵزĻʣҲ˲һǵǻʣֻżޱȵĽ˵ᱧڻϧϹ䣬·ڱһ鱦һ㡣
ɵѾͷûˣƽʱùˣڱˡ
Ҷٺĸһͷ԰׵ӡ
û¡ٺСģ棬ǹϢǿ󣬼ӽӽˡ
Ӳ԰ֽȴϸֳ㳱죬ȻǱҶٺǵ͸ˣɫ
ʲôϢ
Ҷٺɻ󣬾ǿҲûܹ֪ʲôϢⲻڵôܸ֪õأҶٺԲڵһɨһ飬ȴûзκβѰĵط
ҶٺԻ֮ʱԭڵϵĻѾվԭӯ֮ȾѪ·ϧʻ
飬Ů⣬Ͷ֮ˣҲˣбʵġ򻨾ӳֹˣϻû˭ܹҵóѾͷ˵öԣǹҶٺ֪ʲô𣿹
ʴЦȻѾ͸֧˵ҡη·Ҫһ㣬ѾٽòɣɳƵķƣҵĺͽ
ﻹбˣҶٺŤͷľɸ֪κ˵ĴڰȻѰ֮ʱʱסˣǿ͵Ϣʱһ͡
աա
صȴֳֿĽŲⷽѾֹͣؼƣ·𶼱ŲǺεֻܹѰͷ
ϸĽŷ·֬һ㸻еԣ̲סҧһڣһϮɫ廨ȹϸ֮ʮаϸָһ̬ӯŮӣһŹˮƳȻôһܹöŮӣʱȴɢһȻϢ˫Ҷٺ
ãȻʧԹޡ
˫۾и̺ٸǺεȾľ·򻨵㣬·綼һ


442 ɱʦ
ܰ
Ҷٺľһ𾪵Ȼٴٴλǣƣٴʵط꣬ҶٺҪļ˱һȻ뵽˼ʱ򣬾Ȼǰ
ҵĺͽ㻹Сôʦڴܼ̳ҵ²Ϊ򻨾ļ̳ˣպӣֻӡ
ʽ˹쳤ЦҶٺȴһֱȵס
ʵŷܰȻʻҪ١
ʱϳĶܾϢ·綼Ѿһ㣬ֻ˫ۻҰ׵תʻȥûκ¶ȵĻ̺پ·ħ
ӽϲŷܰҵв㣬ӽֻӡ
ֻԡһ죬ûȻ𾪵еҶٺӦŷܰѾϸƣһѾ͸֧Ļͷ֮ϣһצɷ顣
Խ¶ٴζʮȣкڻƮ㣬į
߱ʦ顣
ܰ㡭
ҶٺһǰŷܰǰϢļˡ
ŷܰ䵱ǴаСŮԶ
һצԼʦͷ­ץ÷飬ǺεѪȵֶΰԭŷܰȻ˿µĴڣ
ҴʱŷܰϲϢǻʺε񰡣ٹãŷܰҪܹΪͻԶҪй֮Ŀֲ˰
ⲻҪĽô
ŷܰת˫ѪħȻȻһ˿΢ЦȻԵѪ񣬱ҶٺĴ̵õѪ
ǿ㣬һ֪Ҫɾ񹦣ҪΪ̤ʯգӱӰУ
ԡ
Ҷٺз·ʲôһ㣬ŷܰ񱱽ܰһĻһĻҶٺԺвϸ֣Ȼӽֻܹ֮Ϊĵ׵Ļˡ
ûлô
Ҷٺԭ˸˫ҲʧȥɣûаֱǷһĴ˰ǴʱŷܰҪȡҶٺҲǿԵİ
Ȼŷܰȴ·ûмҶٺϵı仯һ㣬˫ȻһƬɭ죬ϲޱ޺ޣ·ͿǰҶٺһ㣬ֻһϸһӣѾһĿήʧ֮ڣֻһصڣ
Ҷٺ磬Բ𡭡
εȴϻֻۣһ֮¾ǰ࣬ȴҲֻǰҶٺ
ûʲôǷģҪģѾͷ
Ҷٺһ˿ɫ漴һƬЦŽͬСèһӵڻ·òһ㡣
ҶٺǻָˣеĹȴľôʵҪĹԼһ˹¶°
ȻڴʱԭһƬ÷⣬Ȼ¶ֱʮȣ
ûκ׵ģȻϸСȴ̺޾ϢʯѾԽնӵһҶٺȥ˳ϯأ涸ʮף
°ܽҷһ·ȴҪѰô
ҶٺȻûаϢֶյѾƴ·ڶ¡
ֻյеʯŸһ£ͷ·˲ͣһ㣬ʱ侲ֹ
ʱ䷨֮Ҷٺƾʱ侲ֹԽ֮ڵдھֹ˰
Ҿֹͣ˲䣬յоѾͻȻһƥѪԶĳһݺȥҶٺѪ
䡭
¡죡ԭѾݳһ޴ӵĵٴϰף
ҺѪâĵطڵ챦ԶȻƾǿṥϵĹҪΪƽ˰
Ҷٺһ֮£ǱƥѪâɵӵڻƵķɳһݵӰճѪϢƯһ˫Թ۾Ҷٺ·һͷҪҶٺһµĶһ㣡
Ҷٺĺ뽫ʬΣ̻
ǻҧгݣҲѾҶٺԿ֣߱Ϻɫǳ
ҶٺЦȻֻϸưޱȵǰǻʡ
ϧ㣬˰ң㻹ܹƵǻô


ָĥؼ춯ǻʺεȷŭȻȴֻܹķŭˣ
ˣΪȵ˵οԼҲѾʵˣ⻹ܳƵǻôѾΪ˾˰
ȻڴʱҶٺ벻ǣԭӦŭޱҪǰҶٺƴǻȴͻȻ侲ޱȣиǶζɫ·ҶٺǱŪڹ֮һ㣡
ҶٺΪԼѾʤôľΪھʹô
ǻдһ˿ŨŨıԼ߰·µһ㣬˫ֻ䣬ƴǡ
ûнİȵȨɣٴγأԭӦڵ£ҪϴһգҪ»˰
۵ǻʳƮ裬״ֲִ߱趯ȴҶٺһͣ
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ȵǹ½Ҫˮȵа
ڣҶٺʯڵ֯ΪҲ֪ʲôط
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ҶٺȻֻ趯ֱۣԭѾָʵһƬٴαҹ֣а׳ѾҶٺУżҪصĴƳǻȥ
ͽ룡ˣҪɱֻڷ֮ģ
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443 ٽ
ͬһʱ䣬ǻԭǸݵ·һɢĺڹâ·ͬһǳһ㣬ֱܵϢҶٺǾҶٺҲûܹƵȥ
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ҶٺϢǣѾͬһһ㳯ǻʹɱȥͬһʱǳսѾϣΪԼ
ڴʱǰʵϴܵǻɱҪԵľΪڵĿֲ˰
ȻֻһĲȻҶٺҪΪڶԿ»ҪȻûںڵʱ䷨ˣ
䡭
עڣǹ˸Ҷٺֻһձ飬Ѿͬһǳһ㳯ǻʳɱȥԲ֮ڵվǲƵ
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ֻءһ죬ǻѾ͵屻Ҷٺ籩ȭͷòϵˣԻٶֱܵҲɵһͣ
ҺǻȻǿϾȻں۷ҶٺĶ֣
ֻǽǾԼѪʩչҶٺѾԽǰǻ˰
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ǻʵ˫ѾڸǵüˣȻ·Ѿ˵ǻȴȻϿЦ·Ҷٺڸһ㣡
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ҶٺħӰӵкεȿֲֻһ飬ں۷ĻҲӲҶٺһаǻʴʱѵű֪Ҳˣ
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ǱҶٺǻϿֲϢǶĽƣ
ҾҶٺһĹǻԭѾйȥʱ˲Ϊٴϰθһ㣬ֱڣ


·ǻعⷵһǻͻȻЦҵӿȥޱȡ
ǲսʤˣɲ޷ˣú췣ɣ
Ҷٺɫ䣬յѾɫƣֻ΢ɢһ˿δ͵ϢҶٺеļ˰
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ûҶٺӦǲŸ˵껰ǻʵѾըʱ䣬ܹصؼҲޡ
Բʮ֮ھԻޣǹע߱ȫΪǻӵеܣȻҪҶٺǰĿ񱩺ɱ
ҶٺѾںڵ۷Ϊ˰Ϊַ֮δȫںڶ޷ӵжôǿĿսȻڵҲͲôˡ
Ҷٺ޽ӽڵǻʹͬĿֲܣҲҪֱ𰡣Ҷٺޱܹ˽һˡ
һƬޣͷ֮ϸһƬϷĺɫƣ̺ܱ֮ҶٺǿĻѾ߳˰
Ѱ٣ǱѾƵڵǻ١
Ҷٺɫ䣬ö㲻ʣҲֻܹ֮³䵱һʯͷ˰ƿҪͷǻнڵ˵ģҶٺֺαء
ȻҶٺͷʮĽƲɢǿϢڵϲɨҪѰҵǷɢڵǿϢĴڣȻȴôҲѰҲ
ȻҲôҪ뿪˰ҲֻΪĳЩ˲ŻĶҶٺȻѾں۷壬ֻһ֮ңҶٺȴҲķΧˡ
ȥ˻ȥˡԹԡ
ҶٺС߶ȻͷϵĽȻǿѹɨ䣬ҲѾֻʣһСƬȻҪʧӰ˰
ȻҶٺصʱԭĽͻȻһͣȫѹɨҶٺϣ΢ͣ˼룡
ʱһƬĳţԭĽҲѾͣҶٺҲƲžҪֿ쾪ȵһ˿̵ǻ亹ôͻȻˣ
һĪΣҶٺϲӣ飡
ˡ
Ȼֻһ죬ԭѾҪɢɫơ̡һԼٶſǱȷŵʮķΧҪ޴󣬷Բϰ֮ڶںڽƣ
һɱȷŻҪ廹ҪֲѹڲϳɳֻǸһҶٺ·Ҫ˲仯ޣ
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׾ҪҶٺ־Ŀ⵱УԭֻɫĽƾȻıɫһϺɫһɫĹƣ
ϽƱѱҶٺҲܹ̺ܵޱȻԪа죬ֻаһ־Ҷٺ䣬·޵һ㣡
ôֳˣһˣ
Ҷٺͷ֮ѾѹµĽƣͷ֮ϵĿֲƣµϸҪս˰
˵ڵƾǻʣȻǻѾҶٺɱˣôƾӦɢȥ˰
ȻƾȻģȻϡ޹ˣǽҶٺҶٺйҶٺǿԸܵķŭ
ɣֻҪƳɳ㹻ĳ̶ȣҪҶٺչԵĹ˰
ٺ硭ͨǻʣ⣬ƺġ
ͷϺѹѹĽƣҲ΢΢ǾϵѹҶٺΪǾȻޱȴģֻ˵


444 
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Ÿ˵꣬Ҷٺɫһ䣬ƺ֪ˣ
ħҪ𾻻ħͷô
Ҫ֪֮ǰʹ˶εũٲݣǿǷ֮踵ĶҲ֪˶ٵپħͷİ
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Ҷٺ־ǳ֮ͳ֮⣬ű㲻ϲȶоҪѾҪףﻹѾȥ˵ǻʡ
׷Ǳǻǳİ
˵췣ҲҪʮĴħͷҪܲŻгĴһȴвϵġ
ǻʺŪһǡøӦɱĴڣҪ˳˰
ũٲݴĺҪ˰
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Ҷٺɫ䣬ǳ˸Χƣ׽һڵѾҶٺҪǿϲ˰
ֻҶٺȣǳ֣·ǳһȭȻ
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ռʱ䣬·һ˶ǳյУӲǵסһһ׵ȥ·ʱԵףʱ鶯ߣһֵ
ȭĹοҶٺѾȭǾǿ״̬Ը׽پѾһˣ
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ܹ׽ڵǿ߻ɻҵĿֲҲֻҶٺӵпֲܵǿ˲ܹܵסڶı̬׻
Ʋʮ״һɭâԷֱٶϷɳۣϸ꣬ǿԷɭ쵱һսħӰǰӽĪѹǿֵסͷĿֲ
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Ҷٺ˫˸ѪҺԭǿ˫־ȻڲסȻܵ˲ٵĴˣ
Ҷٺµ·óһĲҲǼһˡ
ڷţе񽣲ŸպǶСƽӴһʱһɱдޱϢ񽣳ڹȥ
񱩣䣬ּ˵ǿԽһߵĻɢϣҺҶٺԭ壬ڵĻԪԪҲڵ߼ϲֹһȻҪӴ˱һˣ
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ضǲ˸ĵߣÿһ統ж̺˿ǿߵ
һ׵൱һǿܹ߰ӵжڵĴܣ
ǧҶٺҪ˲䱻ը黨ˡ

һޱȵ쳹ؼ䣬·һֻ޴ĸںһ㣬ֱ˻飡
ŹֵУҶٺͷ֮ϵĽƱѾһ˲³һ͸峺ƣƬƸʱˮ룬³˲ټҵˣ
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˵ǣŸǶֵƵĽɽͼȻѾ˲䱻Ҷٺ˰ʯռ䵱УҶٺܹܵз飡
ֻյУɽͼѾ㾡͸ƵӵеȻ˵ȴֻǾţһë
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ҶٺȻһѪֱӰʯռ䵱ȡһҩ¶档
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Ҫȵ⵹٣ҶٺѾܹеᵽĹֲ֮ˣ
ͷ֮ϣԭֻϺɫĽѾȻһ壬һƬף޼׽һǰĿ״̬ȴǴһҶٺҲӲӵƣ·һһ㣡
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Դ֮һַ·ħһĸоؼ֣ҲΪֹĸоҶٺּɵһֱҽһֽ򿪣ʲôʷ
ȴǲòԼϵֳȻµȴıԶĻ˰
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˸γһƬǿҪǰֵ⣬ȻȴҲֻܹ֮󳹵ױ飡Ǿ飡
ǱΪ޴ĻʱգҲֵֻܹ֣ʱ֮µҶٺȻһħҫҪƾֵһ飡
׽ϴȫɾ壡

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̺ſֲĴڰȻѾĴȻȴӵаɵƾҶٺⲻںڵΪôܳܵסأ
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οŷҶٺµİ鰡ұȷŵĻҪ˶һ࣬˵ϻƵķģ͵ľܹҶٺеһɲӲĿֲ˰

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Īѹ˷ֻںΪҶٺȻѾͲ壬ȻҲܵеùŷѾ˼鰡
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ݡ
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ϸۿԷƲǲҪ˶ѾҶٺȫֹˣ
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ͬһʱ䣬һ۵˽̤նҲ߲ϸֵʱִһ˸ɫâͭŽ
ҶٺұҪ⽣ɱ㣬Ϊȥֻһֿ־һ˿âħ
ңڵĵĸʣҲΨһĻʣʣ
һϮۣĿ忡ɢĺϢҲһˡΣʼնֻܻҶٺӰ֮°
ֿ־ѾӵڵΪҲûܹҶٺֿ־еʹ
ĺܱ
ҶٺҲŭ·ǰֿ־ֻһСһ㡣
ҲˣҶٺССֿ־ô

ֿ־йŽֱָҶٺ½͸ϢЦ
Ϊɱô
ֿ־ƸԺи֌һĻ龰

һڵʯǰԡѪֿ־ɲվȴǲҽʯС
ҶٺڴˣȻ֪ⲻʱ˼ô
ҵĺӣڻˡڴʱͻأֿ־л졣
㡭ʲôˣ
ֿ־УǷһ㸧ͷУɢһϢޣʣ˽
㣬Ҳ㣬ң
شڷ·һ˵ֿ־ƸǴ
ʲôֿ־ͷըЩҪԵһ㣡
ʱ䰡ʱ䲻
̾Ϣһ׹Ѿֿ־Դȥ
һʯ㲻ǰ
ֿ־֪ʲôǿʯֻ֪ԼѾӵڵΪԼŭ£
ϻ˵Ҷٺȥɣ
ֿ־ֳֹŽ·һ㳯ҶٺȥɭȻڹĽ·ڸգҶٺ
Ҷٺ΢Цȳ̶ȵĹ˵ѾǲֵһᡣֻҶٺһ̧һǹѾӭǽ⣡
߲
һ죬飬ؼ䣬ǽ
̰⼵ʵǳȫ㰡
ҶٺЦҪƽǰֿ־ɱ
Ȼһֿ־֮ʱȴɫһ䣬Ҳ˲ֿ־ˣ񵱼Լ֮Ѱʲô
ƺʲô¶˼£·Ҫһ㣡
Ҷٺɫɷħʩչˌ
һһƬ磬ԹĿĵǣǵлվһҶٺһģһˣֻǷɫҶٺϲٰˡ
žħ⣡ҶٺͶħеˣΣиǴǣȻʱħȴٴγĬ·ֻҶٺĴһ㣡
һ
ڴʱҶٺһһŽѾԽʱնҪҶٺ׻ɱ
ˡ
Ҷٺƽվֻһȭ飬һǳѾֿ־۶ȥǵƥĽҲֱӱ鿪
t
һ죬ֻһ׹ѪŽֿ־ԴѾƿһѪʺԪҲҶٺһգ
Գƽʵֿ־Ѿ

ڴʱҶٺһҲѰвӰĻֻ̌ͷңʣѾչϰ
ʧѾãԭѾٴϣһƬĮϰ
յУһƬ޴߷ͬʱһѹؼ䲻Ѱ
һڵĿֲڣ
Ҷٺжϵ϶ʱǿϢ籩ϯأ
衭
һ޺춯أҶٺԼɢ֮ǿֲѾҶٺ
ΪǿĴھҶٺģ
ҶٺʱѾֻʣ¿տǵֿ־ʬ嵱Уһ׹⾹ǱܿҶٺĸ֪ǼԶݶȥ
ͬһʱ䣬Զ֮⣬һӤĿһĽš

ˣˣ˵һжϲϲֱһװ۵СӤǰһߴ˵
ãҵĺΪϵ񣡡ϣӽг·
ڴʱֻӤȻ˫ۣаЦŵ˫һɣӤӦأ
ҽֿ־ҲУ
ӤϱɭȻƣ·̺Թһ㣬һճСкܹǿĸ
ְְ
ǸսСкеŶʱ۽Ƿɱ⣬ǳǰצɱȥ
ͬһʱ䣬ܵ˽ǲ֪Ϊη˫۳ħӸޱȣ
ˣ·綼һ㣡


448 ҩ
䡭
ز𣬷·׵ľôż̤һ㣬ҶٺڷѾðֿ־ʱ
÷·Ҫȫĵ֮£Ҳ֪͵˶Զľ룬Ȼһķտռ䣬ͨһɫĲ֪ʲôʵĲɡ
һӴĿռ䣬ȻܹӹҶٺѾ޽ӽڵǿڵľѰʵȴһ֯ڵأҶٺҲε֯
ϣ2Ʒ3Ʒôˣ
һ˻Ƶտռ䵱л죬һ۵ϼһ½ԱŨܵĺ֣ȴҶٺͨʯϣ
ʯϵǰһ֮ҪСֱֻܹƵһõĬĬһӣɢһвϢȻһ˲֪ǳĿֲϲ
ϹߵУ׸ߵľ޴ӣͨɣϸпֲ˸ҲըѿڵǿҲӰ
𡭡
ʯϻ䣬һķɱ⣬·̺Ҫ˺ѵԹһ㣡
Ҳ·ʲôֲҪгһ㣬ȻȴûܹǼ̷Ƿӣֻһ˴ĿĵѪɫƽץɵ׺ȴûаˣ
һֻë֣һֻצһֲ
ǲֹۣǻûκǣ˵ˡ
ǱΪϵҡͷ̾Ϣȴһ֪ʲôɵǹĴеĹϣ໺С
ڵĽרֻ֮ȻûпʵȴܹߵĶ;ɱҶٺҲòɵ
ĳϣǹܹҶٺԵĹȻͷ֮ϵѾǧٿףȴǴˣƺڵĵ²֪ԶǴûбı˰Ҳıˣƺ֮ǰĻҪֲ
⣬ı˰
˰ǻǰͷͻƣǿɶСӾҪǵĴ˰ǵĻɵĵ±Ҳûа취
ʯϵԵòִǰҶٺǰĵȻȻͬ
ʯϲô
ǵϳѾǸɱǻٵ˰ΨһҴֻǺǸɱǧ֮
Ҫ֪Ǽһʵǿȵ찡¾ⱤҲù̫ˣ
𡭡𡭡
УѪеĿֲɵ
ԶĽǵصϢԼϢ
ɲֻ2ź3ƷʯϿ˵ˣҵпֻʵƷֻ˶ӳˣ½ӭӵľһƽ˰
ڴʱȻޱȵʯѾܶȴͻȻͣı̹͸ŨǰĹϡ
ֻʯϳɵȴǴЩȵ͸
ڽѾʣˣҲѾֻʣǲʮˣ磬Ǳ㲫һʹǶ
ʯϵĿ·мǿĴ͸ڼԶһ̨֮ϣȴǾİڷһ֧ɫҩ·ͨýһ㡣
ҩܣǲҲǿһڶȻӵ
Ũʮعʵҩ˵ǽӵеҪļҵˣʯҪȥһƴ˰
Ҫصҩô
Ҳһ˿ɣû˵ǣȥǿֻȡʵеʮ֮һѾһ߱ǿսʿˣǱعʵҪǿʮҩ
ȻҲѵҪǸСӽʮĳɹһôܺ߿ȵսʿҪ˰
ʯſ˫쳤Хϸɢݶߵһа׸ߵӴЦ˵ǲأװ
Ÿ˵꣬ɭʯϱѾ֪ʲôʱɫҩУɫҩƾճȥ
ɣǿɣѾȵˣҵĺǣ
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ڴʱԭޱȵĵ±ͻȻ΢΢ŸתɾޱȵҡΣƽﱻʯϺ͹ޱȵĻɵĵ±ݵǽڣʼֲ𶯸ѵÿʼΣ
ô£ĵɲһĵ𰡣
վһԺĹƵҵ֮Ե΢Цš

ͬʱһûжпվڸ˰ƬĮֿ־ʬԣͱᵽ˵ĹּǣҪּǵзһЩҪѰҵڡ
ȻѾڲˣһֱĻĽֲȴһּ䲻ĸо·ʲô»Ϊһ㡣
ȻȴôҲҲǽĴڰ·ǽͲڹһ㣬˵ǵȨصġˣ
ͼͼ
ҶٺķǰּǣϼصĽǼªޱȣü򵥵ıʻ¼Ļ棬ȻԶһսдʵ
Ҷٺûиܵǧ֮µĵصڷľҲܹܵڶ漫Զ𵴣ȴǺûжĸϵˣҪģֻҳֲˣ
ԶŵħŰҪأ˱ҵʧأʱһЩصĻʦҩʦͬΪ֪ĵطһͶɵսʿħսһʱ侹ܹ·磡
Ȼħվ˼ԱģҶٺܹЩһͬȱ㣬ǱҲ޷ڵΪ·Ѿһյһ㣬ҲֻܹԸһЩħСආսʿ׳Ϊ߰Ĵڣ
ôһ죬ȵһ޴͸ҩ֣һжԵòͬˣ


449 
һҶٺعʵɵҩӵܹЩʵ˲ٱǧܣͳݵ飬ʼһЩȵĻʦҩʦʵ顣

գجοʼ

ЩҩȷñսʿٱǧȻЩԭܹ߿ƵıȴͻȻӵһֲֿǾǣǻۣɳֳ
Ѿ൱ѪһĴ˰ܹ˼ܹɳֳܹǺεȿֲĴڣǱħֻҪֲ鰡
ЩԶŵߣһȫµһǿĹﰡ
ʣҶٺģǻгֵĶѪȵһĻĻ
ħ¾ߣӵǿıȻҲħսȴΪʳΪЩཫǴİǸӵкεǿԹ
Լ
Ҷٺҡͷ̾Ϣֻǿ⻭ܹܵһı˰·Լڵһ㣡
УײҲ壬һжЩߵϣѵϵµħɱǿ½˼ô
ǣҶٺһʱҪСȻûҶٺ˼ȥһ˿Źֵӵ֮´͸Ҷٺɫһ䣡
ĿϢһа͸Ϣԭʣǧ׵ص֮£
Ҷٺŭʱڴս񣬻ѪǹһŲڵ֮ϣر飬ǿǧǧµؿռ乥ȥ

ϣӣЩǺʣµļŹʵ뿪
ǧ֮µİѾһƬңǿȵʯ׹µ
ǲ֪ôľҵУʮûй˿İȻ˲䱻ƻˡ
ȻлҪǰҶٺɵľ޴󶯾ˣ¾Ҷٺͼǿߵս;׽ٵĳ֣ڵǧ׵İˣֻһССĵӽˡ
𡭡
ԡ
·ĩһĶУϵıͲҺϴеһַ·ʲôѹѪ֮ϵĳ˻顣
ȴʯڹĵʲôһι״徹ǧ׶ЩҪζıϡ
ôұˣʯϣأһȵǹġ
˸â·̺ĳЩѰζȻƴѹı˵ʯǿˡ
ֻõĹӴУĪĶ֮ȴԵøⰲֵʵ壬תʮװű˵Ӻͼعʵߵһºɫâ֮ǰ˲ʧӰ١
Ұ
ʯϷ·𷢿һ㣬ֱֻ̧ǧѪӰٶͷ˵ϣʱѪĽȻڴʱʯϵĿȴǺɲɵа׸ߵĴʱԵðޱȵ1Уʱһս
·һ˲俴һεгɫħ⣬Ƿ·ϵԹһķŭ
ʲôҺúôһȥôĲƷһߴŵǿҸʲô
ʯϱףֻ쿪ָһֻӴӥ1εУһӰеĴƴ˺
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أ
ء
Լ䣬һ·ʲô˵͸
СӣȻʱƻ
ҵУʯܻ͸ȻûõԹһҾ徵ļмдŹͷһдڡ
𡭡
ء
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֮ϣŸ·һҶٺüͷһ壬Żܲǵص֮ʲôϢʱܵǿϢϳɳ·һ㡣
۳ڣڣۺڣƵڳһȻΪǿϢֱӴۺڳ嵽ڡ
׺ĿϢ
Ҷٺö࿴ҪȥӦѾܹµ·ʲôˣǻղıˣѾƿڵı˰
˵ЩѾٳƵǱˣһȫ֡
һϣһϵü
ҶٺһѾʧԭأ·һ׺ɫƵһ㳯ǧ֮µĵص׳ȥ
໡ȥ𡭡
ҶٺŸն˲䣬һ·ַ·ĽѾӵص֮´Ŵıһ׺ޱȷ·֮ϵķϢص׶С
ŴģǽҽԼѪⱻ˺ѵҶٺܹܵͬΪڳڵ΢СϢ
ֻңǡ
ʱҶٺѾӴķտռ䵱УİѾΪһƬ棬µĿռŵ治׵ĵط
ҶٺǰֻˣһֻͷǳһѤĴֻαѾף˫צỮ䣬Ҳͬ㱻˺ѳ״
һֻȻ࣬Ȼȴӷ׵·һſˮ׶һһ㣬˫ܶ𶯣һȻɫĽѾӿⷽΧ
ЩڳڸĹһǵսʽ֪Ѿӵǵ˶ҶٺΪעģȴһͷǿģڵıˡ
һŽɫۼ׵βĹȴ˽׳壬Ȼɫۼȴܹ׵ıϳһ嵱͸¶ѹ˵ϲƣһͷѾĹ
ȻҶٺеĲЩа׳ġˡһ˶ͷȻʮǰҶٺܵӣӡ
ʧʮ꣬½֮˽˵ѾںҶٺһս˶أ벻ȴǱڵﵱʵƷȻ䵽˵زǲòĺ


450 ˲
𡭡Ҷٺ
ڴʱȻǸܵԻб˵ġӡͻȻתͷֻӶǽȫ˫֣㽫˺õϰֻӡһ˿Թ·һ岻Ťޱȣʮ꣬˹
صײڵǿ֮ͨʯôܳܵסȿֲ
ֻӲŸ˵꣬ԭѾǿʢ֮Ǵǣ˲һڱҪǰͷС
󣬸ȥ
Ҷٺвã˫ӡ߿ǳѾɱѾɹӵ˶ͷɱȥ
ŸտԶҶٺǰӵóѰúܣЩӵǵıʵķʳǿ֮ˣǰֻˡ
Ȼֻˡһϵо޴ȻҶٺ߿ǳӴͷ­֮ϣǼͷҲҳ߸ȻҲͬһʱƴа
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֮ϣ꽻ӣ·һѹޱȵԷ˼Ķȳɳţһء
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ֻһ֮ڵķ𣬾ڿ񱩷굱УһɫӰ
ǧ
Ȼ״̬ȴ޴͸졣
͸߰棬Ǻͽ깲Ϊµǣһ壬Ȼǰ˵壬ӡ
죬찡
ӷ߷׽ӣеһ㣬ֻӲŸտЦ꣬ѾŤ壬˫׺ݵĶǰ֮Ц
ҶٺңΪһδ޳񹦣޳죬ƥС
ҶٺյУûаϢ߿籩ŰȴǿȻҪ֪ŰĿɶεĽ簡ѾںڵӵĽ簡ȻҶٺȴ·ʲôûпһ룬ֻͷ֮Ͽޱȵӡ
װˣ㲻ڵӺܶôû뵽Ϊ죬Ȼö˶˵Ҳȥ˰ǺǺǡ
⻰εȼ̱Ǻö˶˵˶Ҫŭ˰οǰѾ˵أ
ȻҶٺĻ֮ӶʱХʱ׹Ѻۺؼ䣬
𡭡ʮ겻쵶ӻô
ǧ׳׸߿֮ϣ齵Ǻβ䲻Ƶͷһʥֻβɨһ̺ԼβĺѾҶٺȥ
һͷѣҾڽսոɱڴˡ
Ҷٺ˫ӡӡѾһׯϵӡŻǶҲܹƵĺƺХȥ
𡭡
ѹѹƻûټͷƬҲһ̳Ϊ׳һĴڣųҶٺĳӡȥ
ء
ǿṥײһϯؼҶٺӵĵһν棬ȴ൱
ӿںڵǿ˰ѾЩϹʮ꣬ѾںԭԼŵ㡣
Ҫ֪ԳƵǽӽﰡ绽꣬ƼͲ𣬿ǿôһӽټӱص㣬Ѿһֲ׵˰

ҶٺĿǰӷԼɫ۵˫֣ϢȻһ壬ûҶٺܵһ˿
ӽԺҾ½Ҿ˼
䡣

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㲻Ҳˣֻһͷѡ
ҶٺֻһΣѾ׾ٵıܹɽһⷽҲ˲仺ֻҶٺӵβˣϺɫ˸ԣǽǧ׳ֶ
ǡ𡣡
Ҷٺӣ˫֮Ҳ֪кεȰءһ㽫ڵ֮ϣԭѾһֵĵǶһǧ׳ɽȡ
Сӱðģȥһŭɽ
϶Ȼһ֮ϵʱƱɫͬһ׳ѾҶٺѹȥ
ֻƸ죬ǹشƣҶٺҲҪСϵĴӱɱ֮󣬹Ȼ˲ٵʵ
䡭
δ˳ƾѾкҲһָ״ɽȻ಻˳УҶٺͬһҶСһ㣬ˮմӭ׺ƾϼ۶ȥԼɫĽ͸
Ҷٺڲ֮ǰĽ
ԡ
ֻһ죬Ҷٺ·һӨƺǷ·һĹһˣ·ʯӵľ첻𶯡
ƾҶٺܹ¾׽ٵĲ壬Ȼֻܹǰƴһ൱ǰӵҲѾΪں֮ǰδеĿֲ˰
Ķ˰
ҶٺЦȥſޱһµİȻֻһĹܻںХķױѾһƬڵҹڸǣеӫյе׺Ǿ
ʵĪıӣҶٺҪչֳԼʵ˷ŵȫûн˷У֮ı˵ȷǺ͹ȥıԵĲ𰡡


451 ܰ
Ҫɱˣ㣬ұɽӵġ
϶ʱһǿԹѾ·һǧħһ㳯Ҷٺͷ֮ϣһ뵵ħҶٺ
ӵ֮Ѿںڣ㻹ǳΪʷ̳
ҶٺڤֻǾʱ仺֣һһǳѾ׺֮ϣһһ·ɣ޷ƽ⣬ơ
˫ɱãȭǾ߲Ρ
ͬһʱ䣬ֱµѾǳϬâ֮±ŽƬƬѪȻȴȻЦ·צһƽӡƬҹն˽ɫҺ壬·һ㡣

ӿХͬһһХޱߣֻɢĶҶٺеս
һ֪α˵ȻֻܹӷӳЩѾܹӵ˰ôЩ˵г۳⺣ƸӵкεǿأҶٺѾˣҲûлȥˡ
ΪֻѾⷽҹյ˽ɫҺ壬͵ܹɱ֮꣬Ҳһɱ
ȻǿܹӵеܣǰȻûܹӵ˴ĿŽҺ̺ĵ㲵ʣҶٺ֪ӵıŭһҲ˺ˡ
Ͼӻֻһ˷Ĺ㣬ҲԶȱݣôӵ
뵽ԭһֱ΢ЦҶٺͻȻһ˿ݣҪⳡèϷˡ
ֻˡһ죬ԭѾڸǵҹյжʱٴαһŨܵڸǣһɷ·ĵԭʼϢоȻ̺ܹԶɢŨ·Գһ硣
ϡԿѾڸǵ˷߿ֱʮ׵ǳ˸Ѥâֻһתѹ·Ҫĥһ㡣
߿ǳΪḥ̂ãﲻƣĦ²Ҷٺںڣ֮򵽼ΪľΪǿľתơ

߿ǳѹʮûκζܹӴޱȵǧεҲֻܹϷ𽥱ĻѹѪתһתֻǽһ룬ϱѾѪ졣
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쳤ХХأ̺ޱԹޣǱתƽסƴ·ʱܹһ㡣
תƲŸձҶٺʩչѾɢӰ٣ⲻǲӵôҶٺĽ統гأ
ҶٺҪɱ㣬ɱԶ½ߡӽ˹¾ɢһΪֲ𣬾һ˲߿˶ǳҲҪ
ڴʱյѾûһƵצ˫۵貣˷һͷӰȻѾΪһµһˡ
𡭡
һط˲Ϊһ壬ӷ·һʱһɫǳݺݳײȥצڸգ˺Ѵء
䡭
ǳתҲⴹŵóһ˿ͬʱɢϢѾٴչǧ׳β·״һ㳯һǳȥ׺ƥֻҪһұǳ
һ𡭡
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ˡ
ŰҲֻ룬Ҷٺܸĸ֮ܵǿѾܸȣѾҪڵĿֲ˰ȻˣҶٺǷ·һǰȥ
һ룬εʱˡ
ȻڴʱԹҶٺĶԭ֮һҶٺ飬ֹסҪˡ
Сӣǿ㻹ǲ˽ⱾѾˣȻܹΪ˱ȵľһ̰
Ӳ𣬽űһɭɱ⳯ҶٺŶ
ԭҶٺѾ嵽Ǽ˦ǳ֮ϵӾǰħӰеħҲѾҪӵӴˡ
Ȼͽôһ룬ҶٺǰϽ⾹ǴǣҶٺ۾ҲϹһʱôһʱ䣬ʱ;һ˵
һҶٺ
һ˸ȫɲӵγɵϬѾΪεץУѾ׺ݵĳҶٺŴȥգʱ䣬ûκζܹıѾҶٺֻаɾ֮ˡ
Ҷٺڴ˿ʩչʱ侲ֹҲܸıˣΪûʱ侲ֹһܹһͨ͸
һΣԺͲǷʲôˡ
ڴʱһᵱȴǴ޾ؼҶٺǰҲûǰ־尡
ʯ䣬һɫӰѾȻյУǡõҶٺһ֮䣬ѾͻһĨӯӴһ
ŷܰҶٺԿ϶ǰϤŷܰӡ
ܰ
Ҷٺ¶ʱƣڰɫ죬ⷽҹն·Ҫڻһ㡣
ͬһʱ䣬ҶٺѾų貰׹⣬ʱѾ֣ⷽŷܰĳָպΪҶٺȡʩչʱһʱ䡣
ȻˣҶٺȴʲôҲ޷ȰֻܹǱɫ·һûκĴǰ˵ǰܹ˺ѣѪŽ֮ʱĲ԰졣
ꡭ
ҶٺܹĸܵǰԭɢǿϢֻѹͬһ伴ʧĻһ㣬ӶһΪĺ裬֮ǿٵҶٺҲս


452 ɽ
ܰ
ҶٺˣǿԼİ˾ԼǰǺεȵʹĶ·һ˲˰
˫ѪħҶٺѾһ˲ŷܰûаϢıѾڻųƵǰһͬʱַ̺·Ҫʯһ㳯ӵͷ­ȥ
䡭
أ·𣬾Ҷٺ⾪һƻ֮ʱԭѾҶٺʩչǾѪͻʱգ˿˿Ƶķ֮Ҷٺƻ۶ȥɢʾӨ֮ɫʥ¡
ûаҶٺĿǰΪֹΪǿһз֮ںһ𷢳ǿһ¾Ǿ׽ٵĺҲһƴ֮˰˵ҶٺΪˡ
ٿӵͷ­ѾҶٺĵϡˣֻʣһ𱣳ųƵͷʬ徲Ҷٺﻹ˵ϿѾòӣʱѾ˫ֱŷܰǰ𽥱䷢Ľ
ѪȪӿʹҶٺѾŷܰʮŻ쵤Ȼȴûκôӵһ̺ԵȻӵҲԽΪϲٵŷܰƻ쾡ˡ
ΪʲôҪôɵܰ
Ҷٺ˫Ҳֻܹǰļ˽ӵڻУԷɿĶȱ»
ˮܽأȴǴһ˿ݣյҲʼ¶ɻ
ǺǣһǷŲ°ڣҾķŷܰġˡ
ŷܰʱʱʱҶٺʱҶٺ·ǰļڲȻͬһ㡣
һŷܰһӡ
Ҷٺˣǡ򻨾ʵϾҪԣһġ񡱰
Ѿ˽һǣҵŷܰڵһǿ꽫ŷܰԭɣǰļ˾ͳױ˰
ģһģҪס
ҶٺǿڴʱҲһ氡ֻҶٺ˫֮Ѿһ׹⣬Ҫǰŷܰ
ʱ侲ֹҶٺҪǰɱŷܰ
ûõģǵǿ֥ӣҲֹҵĳˡ
ҶٺԭˮŷܰͻȻЦ·Ůһ㣬ǼռϷӵ꣬ȻͻȻ䣬ĿͻݵŷֻܰˣúչҪ˼ţҰ㡭
ҰŷܰһҲһκҶٺ˵ĻҶٺĻ
ŷܰ˵Ȼ˾ǵһ̣洿ӵŮȻǵҪҶٺҸ
ǺǺǣˣɱǳǣ
ڴʱϢѾޱȣ۾ҲҪϵŷܰͻȻЦȻ˫۵â߹ŵһ˿ЦҶٺ顣
䡭
ֻһ죬һɭȻѾҶٺǰſͻȻɱҶٺһ˿Ѫ
˵ǻһ˸ŷܰҲôʱ佫ʵҶٺ֮ԻˣΪûҪǰհŮӰ
ܰҿԷһУҿԽһж㰡
ҶٺѪ˫۵˸㾧Өʱеʹж
ôأ
ŷܰ˪ҶٺûжǴżֿͽ˹
ȻǲҪ˰գѾˣպŵģΨһңӡҶٺҵţպҶΪûõġ
յѾȥֻʣ¶䲻Ͽή֮ԼҶٺͷԻȥʹ
һ̣ǰ֮ǣ½֮ϷƸҲѾ˳ˣȻȴûжϲøС
Ѿں۷壬ֻһҪϾ磬Ѿһй»ǷѾ˼ҪڲҲǵŵԼ²ļаˡ
ŲµģѾΪ֥ӵŷܰѾ㺡
ǰ·΢бģһµ·ҶٺѾ˰ʱˣǰľȻһһģһͨ˳·;⺣ضͨʲôط
ѾǾ漸֮µĺװҪ룬ѵͨظĽݾ
Ҷٺ﷢ëʱתֳǰֵڲǺѹѹӰܵĺڰ㷢Ƶ⣬˼ĵط
ȻҶٺһ﷢ë滹Ҫǧ׵ĵطҿͨɲȻγɣǱʲô˿⿪ҳģԶÿѾгɰǧȻ֮أȻеƻ
ѵħսǵУҶٺֲһ㣬ѨеʱҲΪĳЩԭ򳹵׵ͣˣ
ҶٺԼ²ޱȻģȻҲ³ĸо·޴Σһ㡣
ұϵ⣬ʵʵŵİԶ쳾ĵطĬĬȼ˳ɰǧꣿ򶼿ܳɾˡ
ҶٺĽŲյͨ쵴ҶٺߵĶǱӽȵĿط˼ض߹ǰתǣҶٺڿصʲôһ൱Ķ
ºΪǽߵŰеĹżûа㳾·ÿһ춼˾ĴһұһѾڿ̡
ȻֵܾȻֻڷһ̳Ҷٺ·𿴼һȻһߴںȾƣһԼ԰Ụ̄ɪѿ
һ޵Ķҿֻһ˾סǺεȹ¼ŵⶴܽǽֻһ⾫µСŽţһСŵ͸ҶٺҲһַ·һĸо
СŵһʲôֲڲҶٺⶴҲӦѾ˲ˣСŵеĴҲѾ˰ǿĴҲֵµĥ뵽ҶٺǴеļֹ˼ˡ


453 ʷ
ЩʲôĹҶٺǱԷƵġ񶯡ۿЩ¶ʧ½湦Ȼûһ˵ģЩڵԶҶٺԤϰ
಻һʤһˣҶٺɲǼ·𿴼һڸյǧ򣬻ƾգܵ⻹˼ʵûҶٺǰ黯մûпյ׹µһâ
ˡ
ǻҶٺǰ¼ӰѾʧӰ٣һ룬һһŰģӰѾҶٺǰɽۻƣ·˳һ㳯ǰӿȥҲʵʵƼ塣
񶯣ҶٺԺֱӻûӰƾҶٺľǿԣȻûܹһȻ⹦Ȼܹġ
дЩŵ˾ôĹﰡǾֻܹÿֲﰡҶٺһ뵽ԺлûĻͶʱڶ񣬿ҲҪɱ˵һƽ֮ȫɱˡ
ҶٺеޱȿϧǣЩԺоȻ޷°ۼҶٺȻҪˣȻȴԼѵľء
İʯռǿԽЩȻҶٺһ뵽Ҫʱܵһ޵ĻͷʧӰɲΪһؼЩɰֱĨɱ
ȻҪ֮ӡԺУҶٺȴǷԼܹסЩ˵Ĺ֮⣬еļ䶼ڷ¹ŵͬʱʧӰֻв͸˲ſԽȻ
ֵ˾һߵҶٺ̾Ϣޱȣֻܹǡ񶯡һ飬㳯ұȥ
ӶԺӣǷһ̳һȻⶴڵλãǰȻⶴһ֣ǽԼһƵֵľء
ɽν裬̸Ӷб̵ļ󣬽ѶٿµӣȻǺڷھԵƣѾӳԵ˴롣
ⶴ˰־ʲôأҶٺǶλãǰںڰװ׵ӣ·ܵⶴеľȻ
Ѿһܹı˾ٶŬҲֻܹǱŰΧһԵıҾ
ΪʲôΪʲôΪϲԶᱲ˲Ϊν˾أ֮а
ڴʱҶٺԺоǸֳһ棬һŰµִ񽣣Žʬͷʹ¡죬֮ر飬һĩյľ
ȻħսֱѪŵľ֮أԶԭŵĵط
˵ûлڵĶˣûĶˣ̣ʱͷ
ߴһӣٶߺ˵ʬϽɢ߲ʹâһŹâǰߵл㼯ȥ߱㻯һ׹⣬ʧ֮䣬ֻһβս֮ϴ
һ·ߺãҵսǾ꣬񼮹˲֣ƿ·ɱķɹ¼ŶȻ顣

Ҷٺ㱵ǰⶴ˿ǰ߰ڴҪͻƽȻôø³

Ҷٺ̾ϢһȴһѲɣϵҲ֪ҶٺĻȥĶ˵
ֻҶٺ˫۾۽֮ϣ·һʯǶѾ޿˽޿ɽ̷
û·ߣô·һ
ǰйԷӪ·ˣһӾͻһУԭѾƵĴֱȫ˰
ѾֵǺܺãء
Ҷٺ֣÷·ķУѾʰһŰǶ˺ӵ֮ϡ
ƣ·
ûѾܵӵǣⲻһƬôҾΪһͻİӣһԭѾͬˮһ̲ľƶʱȻһ
һ̣עΪʷһ̣עΪı½˵һ̡
ϣãֻһǿսӴֻĶְô
Ҷٺ;ǿԵġ
ʲôд֣֪ôΪһӦ飬ܾôһص㣬ȥΪԶ߿˼ڤҲƽⲻ˵֡
ûʲôؼʹֻͣľϵһϴҶٺһŵ㾧Ө͸ûʦָȾҶٺѾ֪Լ޷ͨӻˣܹΪӾģȴһŵĵ
ǣҶٺҪﵽľȻǾѪѾߵˮƽǵڵϾ磬Ȼ֪Լûȫȭǵ⾳˵һͲǵһ˫ɱġ
ҪߵĲΣҶٺ֪Լкܳ·Ҫ߾ǰǡ񶯡ʽֲ֮ҲӲӾͺǰĿֲʵǸǱǿٱĴڰ
߷壬ԭΪԼѾߵ㣬ȴԼվŵĵطѾв˰߹ˣԻһʥɽãȻ֪ĸоǲᶨʧ
˭˵½ͲܹɾͿʵˣֻҪܹǿɱֵٵ̽ѰҶٺܹЩ١
ﵽʵķӵеǿ統ȻҪѾ֪ܵʲôطɷħˣҶٺɲϣǺԼһģһ½֮˷ˡ
֨ѽ
СľԳ̴ľɣһܹɢ˷ϵľģܹߴʱӼоɵĴСľ֮Ҷٺл˽Ѿõʷˡ
һһ۾ܹС򵥵һţһ۵ߣ룬һ˫յ¶񾲵Ϣ


454 ȥδ
ȻѾһǧʷĳʬȴһλʱС˯˵۵Ƥ·𻹴еˮֹУȴǴһ΢ü·İ
ⱣŴȥԣȴǼΪЭİһѲʮ̳Ϊǰܲסеްòƽ
Ǻαأʷľôʹ𣿡
ҶٺͷңڸտѾĬĬȥ֮ʱԭž޲ľǼĲһŵķ·ħһ㼱ʹЩ߻ħ
Լ˶˵սʿûлҪȥ·ʿûйֻһƬȾѪĴ½Ͷ֫ԫ
ΪʲôҪɱΪʲôͲܹ棿
ǶôǸ߹ʥĵطȻ굻ȴֻǻԡѪ޵·
սΪǵļ԰ԭǵļ԰
㲻ǸĵطΣֻ¶ĹǧΣһǻͨǳ·
һ죬ԶȥĹ˶
ҶٺԺͻȻֳһĻ棬·Ѫսһ㣬ͷ֮Ѿգһﳤյг֣·Ѿһһ㡣
ǰǲϴ׹ʬ壬ǲϷ贩Ŀֲɫսɫ㵱дżãȻĳҶٺǰʱź
·ԽŽһ̣û޷·Žδغһһʷ䣬ԶߣǾ·ûδ
Ѿֳ״̬Ҷٺ֪ǣԭվСиųܵѹϢѾ֪ʲôʱ˵֮ϣã˫ûн࣬ȴֱĶǰѾȥһֻӡơ
ƵУȻĳ·һƬҶ͵ɫ˿ûΪµĥɫڴʱɢһϢ
ʲôط
ҶٺѾԼôһطΧĻǷǳɱ¾;ԶսһƬ·ǿһĺڰȻȴǶһ߲ʹâγɵĺҲ֪η
֮ˡ
ڴʱһ˵ƬڰֻǸһҶٺоԼ·һƬ˵׳Ŷʹܸӵҳ
ǰɷһ
Ҷٺ𾴵ĺȵ⻹һ˹ƱˣĻԵĶԶߴ޾⡣
ȻûҶٺ˵꣬Ƿ·Զŵٶ𣬷·ûҶٺ˵Ļһ㡣
᲻֪ȥ£֪Ľȹβ֮ԣʸ͸˵һСˡ
ĴԶսȥȥսѵһ꣬ڵص֮µȴһղ͸·ͨѾ߽ӻ
ǵģȻͨŷֻͨһ·ȻΪһͨĵ·ĽȻһȥ
ҶٺصĿռ䣬֮ǰ˵һСӵһΪߵԼʹõ߲εĽݾȻܲͨӽʵġ硱ԼǿҪԼԺͻԵˡ
˵ҶٺԵĺܹӵǿԿײԿҪһδһأҪҶٺԼˡ
ʣʱʱʱ˻һֱǰʣϢ
һôĺΪʲôһֱǰߵҶٺһֱûпľͷ
֪ʼգ֪ţֻһֱǰߵҶٺ·һУֱڷɿݳɰ˿ԭߴεһӢѾһӵͷ
⡭˭ΪʲôҪһֱߣ
ãҲ֪˶ãѾ֪˶õҶٺһֱԼѾɿήƣá
Ҳ֪Ҷٺƶ೤ʱ䣬һ죬Ҷٺԭǵ˫𽥻ʣŵ˷ܵıԼ
ǵģΪҶٺΪѰǶŻİ
ҶٺԭѾ˥ϵòס˫־ǺȻֹͣ˲˥ϲɣлָļ͸Ҷٺ޷εϲãʱ䣬ʱ䣬󰡡޲ûصµĿʼ޲õµյһ
ҶٺӽЦУԭѾΪͷӵҶٺȻı仯׵ķ˿ҲעഺɣسΪʮĿüǽ⡰硱ǰҶٺ
ǻȥҶٺȻҲԼϵʱ䵹ˣȻҲʱ⵹˳ĳ̶Ȱ
ڴʱЦеҶٺֱ˸貹âĺȥǼҽˮ
ҪһͨηΪʲôһأŸеҶٺʱܵǺεȵӿȣŵһȻһĴС
ԼȥԼڵԼԼδԼˣϤˣѺ͵ˣһһжյС
ͨĺʱ֮ӣϢ۸ӣûûյҶٺԼڵĺֻһС֧ڻʱ֮ӵС
ʱ֮ӣܸӵвʱҶٺʱ䷨Ҳˡ
ʱ֮ӵΣԷּıδıȥǺεȿֲ
Ƕսǿеʱֱʱ֮ӻصȥǿĨɱٵһбܽɱ
ȻûҶٺȥһпʵ͸һˮ
Ҫָıһȥ֮ʱܹܵԼܵһɸǿһɷ·޴ڣܵĿֲЩʱ֮ӵ岻֪ʱ嵽ʲôط
ͬһʱ䣬徹ǿʼģ·Ҫʧһ㣡ʱֹͣǸıȥº롣


455 Ӣ
ȥ鲻ݸı䣬ͻıڡҲٴˡ
Ҷٺ˼Լܹʱ֮ӵҶٺͬӵ˱ȹȥϲٵĶʱ䷨
ֻǽȥһСظıˣľһı䶯ССı䶯ǧ֮һص쫷磡
ҲˣҶٺһ޴ķ֣Ҫ˳ʱ֮ϵʱǷԼڵʱ֮ӷֳڣÿһڶһֿܣ
ܹδʲôֻһССľܹһȫµδͺҶٺ֮ǰѡ˲СԵľһֺڽȻͬ״ˡ
Ҷٺܹδ˵һֺôһδĿǸӺõģͿøŵδ
ԡ
Ҷٺ˼֮ʱֻ⡰硱ͬ⡰硱ʹ鿪չҶٺǰĻǾ·ûȥķ
ǰĴ£Ҷٺû
ҶٺһϥлƽҶٺɲľ¹ȻóϷ
ȥսѵⲻյĵطֻΪгһտԴͨ·½ʿǹ磡
Ȼ⵽ͷֻһֲʵʵ룬Ѿ㹻ҶٺĤˡرλδıĴܻʱ䷨µĸ߶ȣ
ʱҶٺѾӵڵĽ磬Ѿڵ۷尡
Ȼ⺣׶ûҵڣѾӵ˴Ǳӳʯѵô
䡭
·ɽѵ⺣״ⷽԲ֮ڵĺ΢΢
ڴʱҶٺٲҴ˽һγʷĵͨĳһˮӿҪյܵȥȴǱӶ⡣
ǡ硯ôʱ䣬Ҳ֪֮ûйȥҶٺૣѾǶ߳һҶٺǰǱ׷ĴӴܵԼǶһĵĴԵú䣬·͸¿͸һƵġ
ÿһᵽԶһսı״Ҷٺ͵õһϴҪ֪ǿһγѪĲ׵ʷǰǿҲҪø³ܹѾѵõˡ
Ե֪βΪ֪ʷ֪ԼһֱĽԭ֪ԼǲýԼҪɱҪ𾪵ֱӱ˰
һ·򶫣ѾϢεüΪصҶٺþȫУ¼٣Ѿûжܹٶˣ
Ҷٺķпʱ䷨˰ڻüֹͣʱ䵱Σʲôܹӵ˿ٵٶȣ
Ҷٺ뿪Ǻض֮󣬾Ѿǧĵ¶һ̾Ϣͬһ

¶˭ҲûаѵûҶٺܵһϢû
Ȼ
ţֻ¡¡ԭõĵ¶ͬĵܵѾһ֮´飬ױһƬ棬Ǳĵص

ȡ
һڷӿ⺣֮ϴֻ嫲˷һӿ˲γһǧ׳·ݺȥ
䡭
һХžκըֻⷽԲһ֮ڵĺ涼ըһˮǱֲˮ
࡭űĳ˯𣿱βĲݣ
û뺣ûãһƬͬһļӺˮ֮¸ֶһͷڳڵĺʨ¶ˮѾһСС
ȻԭֻҪһͿֱӴ뿪Ҷٺͣ˽ŲѾޱǿȻܹܵսһͷ޺һѪˡ
ֻۺڵΪȻҲһͷڵĺޣƺռϷ硣ҶٺеȤˡ
Щ⺣ѰһԵͨȺӵģȻһۺڵǿҲܹΣķ⺣̫á
䡭
յƣͬǧγһޱȵĹǺʨϣ
ǽ֮õ쾡µĹĳ̶ֳϻŶĽֵ֮һ̺ܹһˡ
ۺڵѾڵżˣҿȫԼʵģ˵ҲȷǾˣڳڵĺʨҲѾǧĹ֮±ǧڣɭѪҺȾƬ
𡭡Сӣȥɣ
ڴʱֻѾĿĺʨȻſѪ̴ڣϸѪɫâŶڳڵĺʨ̲סʹóԼĽˣܹĽ磡
ȻԽɽҧѪ̴ڣǻȴǴЦһһ֮϶ʱͬһһ㳯ǺʨĴںȻȥһϺɫͽϱ
㶷ôãǵһ°ȥɣ
ֻһѪ˺ѵԭ׺ޱȵĺʨѾûκϢż๾󺣵
ա
ĨĨͷϵ亹һʵƴһǡܹǺʨɱˣѾ˱˵ĸ֮ʳˡźǣǲôһܽڳڡ
һȻӢ۳갡
ڴʱѾۿⳡսõҶٺ˳ûаϢ¶ͬ·һ㡣
ǣͣһ˿Ҫʱƴľһúӡ
ȻԭҶٺԤϵᾯǳҶݸеɵĻͻȻֵҶٺϵȷǳһ˿ŵı飬ȻһȴѾȫıζˡ
ֻ·һ㣬ѾֱĶҶٺǴֵ˵Ҷ磬СѾþ˰ǩôСܳӾ˰


456 Ī
ҶٺԼǵһԳΪӵˣҷûж˵ԼʲôְΪʲôȴƺԼǳ˽һأϢҲֻһ۾ϳ
ˣƺûм㰡Ϊȴʶأ
ҶٺЦܹܵǰһӻµ߶ûа⣬ȻͲ˿˵ֱӳǰȥһƽĨɱˡ
ʱҲڷԼЩͻĳӲ˼һЦŶҶٺԭʶҶٺҲʦġ
⺣ΪӵԭƣɥԼΪͨϰ⺣һסǶʮꡣ
ԭ⺣һΪ󡱵ңȻѾûˣֻʣһĪںƣ⺣û˲ʦ棬Աһ֮ƺš
ʦһͨǿ߰лᶨȥݻһҶٺڿҲ˵ȻҪʦͬӵˡ
ððھ˵⼸ͻ㣬һ˵ش󣬿ܻıһˣҪǵ֮ءڹ
ƴЦűѾҶٺã⺣Զȥ
ӵʦȻܹԤ֪ĳ֣һ˵ǰ˲شӰ죿ԽԽ˼˰ӵʦһܹԤ֪δĸְ
ԭҶٺʵҪ˵⻹ûеڳڵʮڵǿҲܹ֡Ȼһ뵽ƱصڣҶٺҲǼΪȤǰһ
ֻڳƵĹǣ֮£һʵ۶ɵĲʴԶȥͬ⺣֮ϵһš
ǡϻʾ÷ȻƽʱֻǼһĴڣȻ⺣ÿɴˡڲµ󷨣ܹǣ⡶ϻʾΪͨ񵺵Ͳãã⺣ʧˡ
Ҷٺ͵ڴʱҶٺͻȻܵǿԼ߲Ϸ裬ȴһɢֲͬߡ
ﻹ𣿡Ҷٺͷ֮ڳֵĲһ񽣼ȥߣǰĳʵ
ưȻһЦ·ޱȽһ㣬˵Ȼˣһҳڵ񵺾֪ˡʱͻ֪⺣ɲЩãʵߵð
ҶٺٴηʣѾܹ֪ˡ
ֻԭ֪ͨδɫѾڲ֪䱻ߵ˾ͷɫʴͨһɢâķ·𵰿һĹĻһԲʮСȥͬһں֮ϵĵһ㡣
񵺵ΧȻŲ¶ʮ죬ҲͬһһƬ򵱣ֻɢɫͬ
һߵĹȣ
ҶٺʶֻƬһɨѾܹ޵ǿΪͺڲ֮䡣һڳӳҶٺ񵺵
Ҷ磬˰ɣ
Ʒ·һ֪Ҷٺڳһ飬ģġ
˭˵⺣ֻǧˣȲǳɰƵĺȺӣ⺣˭Ҳӣ
߼ǿԣԼʱֵǿף⺣һһۣһͬĻ⺣ҪһĲ
Ҷٺͳ˵ĹѾɢĹ֣ƵӵС֮ϡ
ǻ󷨵ˣΪ֮ϣҶٺһߣͷʱеһãȻ½֮ϾŶٱҪǿ۷Ȼ޷γɵĻеĻ
ɳƵڲµ󷨣ȻѾʧ˵ڵĻҪǿʮ⺣ŶϹﰡ
СĪȻỨʱ䲼µľ󣬾ӦϹ󷨵Ҳһֺ֣ӰңǷȱĲһѡ
ڴʱûȳƴҶٺȥڣһѲȴ׽֮еС֮ϴ·һ󴺷һӵҶٺ顣
򣿣
ҶٺʱеԼץסʲôؼڣʲôҲûзһ㣬򾲵żϵ͸Ҷٺлǰ̻壬ǰָ̣
岻㣬ܳˣҴȥɡڴʱҲΪͻȻָҶٺеЩȵĳƻع˵
֮ϻݷʢһʵȥͬ񾳡ǻݳͷ֮Ϲ뵵ĻֵЧѾȵҩˡ
ֻһݵСɽҶٺͳѾһȥĶѨڣԭɭĶѨȻҲʱƮ·ŵһԴһ㣬ǳƵʦסĵط
ϻʾȻЧҶٺⶴѨƮŨʱеԼһ㡣̺Ҷٺһָɽֹĸо
ڣͽ
ƻû˵꣬ССĶѨ㴫һСƺһĳͷӣҶٺĿվ½ǿȻͬ
ѨһƬ뵣ûд˿ĸоܹ˸ܵϵů򵥵ĶѨϡԼһڵ֮ϣɢ͵Ϣ
Ī⣬Ҷٺ̽ǰλҲͬһԴȣҶٺһַ·صĸо
ţ
Ҷٺ׼λߵǿ֮ʱֻͻȻ˫ۣ˫Ϲһûÿ۷ҶٺҲһֱĸоָоΪָ˫۶ʧⲻˣҶٺѾķ˰ɡ
֡СѣϺҳ洫ϻʾϢȻƮֻǳôһɲǣȴǲСıͷҲ׽ˡ
¶ֵɫȻҶٺ⻰͸ɻˡʲôϻʾɴֹΨһĽ;ͷӾȻܹܵϵİʯŵĶϢ


457 Ԥ֪δ
ϻʾϻʾ𡭡ѵ⡶ϻʾǻڳ˯µ񹦱䣿
ǺǺǡҲ㣬ҳġϻʾôһص㣬Ϊ׸ӦԼΧͬϢǳСͽƾšϻʾĸӦصԭˡ
Цߵĳһ۱ٴתͷҶٺ˵СҲѾˣӦиˣСѷĻ½һɣСӻӵôһ˿Ĳܵġ
ҶٺҲΪȻʶʱҲܹ˽⵽Ƶı츳ˡ
ߵԣʵĸԣƴĺݾôһ˿侲ͻǣȷһܹѳִֵšҶٺԼʣҲûо߱Ƶŵġ
ţɫһ䣬۸һ˿ײ亮ǡò׽һ˿âҶٺһߡʲôҪº˵δһֵԤ֪еҶٺѾܹܵһΣˡ
ȻѾתһ֣ص˵ͷСͽɲΪ˵Щƣгȥһ°ɡ
Ѩ֮һⶴѨΧ鶯ȥ·ؼľ飬鶯ǳ
Щ̺ŰɲǺÿҶٺۣЩֱһöö̺ޱǿƻըһСҲֱܹƽʱЩΨһãҶٺǰǰĶԻᱻ
ԽǺǰΪ֪ǳ߶ӣҶٺԽӾԵһͬ޵Ԩһǿߣһֵ͵ԱԼǿ֮ʱȻܵвȸС
ҶٺôһָоǰߣܹôڵΪҲ޷͸ߣѾǿĿֲ˰
СѣǶô
ҶٺȻȻԼΪǰ·ɽһĴ֮ʱǰǰһ˫ɫ۾Ҷٺ¶Ц⡣
Ҷٺô֪ǰϹ˶갡϶ˣ·Ѿݹһܹ²ˡ
һǧ꣬һǧˡ
¶˿廳·ʱ޸пһ㣬˪Ҷٺ˵һʷǵʱﾭ˵ľǣ˵ǡһģҲ˵ҵ˽ǡһǧꡣ
һǧǰҵĸĸôģǾô£ȻʱʱǣȴǴӲҵˣҵʦҵʦĸȫ·һѾʧ˵ļ䣬ʲôĨȥļ䡣
Ĩȥˣ
ҶٺУǧǰܹƾ˵ļĨȥⲻʲôѰ顣ҶٺҲܹ֪ñʧȥһμ䡣
Ȼѵģôһͬʧȥ䰡һǹһһļ䣬ǳʮһ£ʮļ䰡
ʲôܹӵǿȻܹڶ˼ʧȥĳһεļ䰡
ڴʱҶٺǰϹ뵣·ҪڿջһֽζⶴѨƣǵģĨȥˡȻֻҵһɻ󣬵ǧĽ죬ڿԿҵĲ²Բˡ
õĳĬҶٺҲ֪ԼҪԵ߶Լ˵ľˣҲѾôһ׼;ء
֪Խ࣬еξԽҶٺѾȵϵ֪˸˰ҲҪ֪飬Ϊص񳿣ΪѾĿΪܰΪ
ǰ˻νأ¾ǹغ½˵Ĵ£ҶٺԴԸǰ̻壡
Ҷٺȭ˵ǰ߿ǲ߳ѨˣôǰҪ֪鰡
Ȼǰİ׷ȴͻȻסûٽ˵⣬ͻȻת˵
ҲϷһ⣬ǿ㣬ҲֻǺһˣֻҪܰЩ֪·±ܹһҪǿˡô㣬ΪˣԲ͸ô
ǲ֮򣬽磬꣬ģƲҵߣ˽еķ֮󣬿顣
˽ȥ硭Ԥ֪δ
ǿԵģǰҶٺʱ᲻šôԤ֪δأֲΪǿ߶ܹԤ֪һԼ߷鰡ҶҲǰһ졣
Ѿܹʱ֮ӵҶٺͲˣܹݺӶϣǰ֪δᷢ鰡ȻҲΪʱ䷨ĸ߲εܹģѵǰҲӵͬ
ǲ֪ˡûϵһҶġ
̾ϢһȻǲҶٺӵʵϾԤδͨ־ҲûжܹӵаţֳֻһӵĹǣ·£·̺ĳ
Ϸʱѧֻѧôһռ֮žܹ֮ӦһڽҪĳЩˡ׷˫ͬϷһ㽫öͭҷǵһʹâǵֶҶٺһѲĸо·Ĺʱ
һܹģʱ֮ҶٺǰɢʹâĹǣһ۱㿴ռԭΪѾܹɢʹâ˿˿ƣͷ֮ڲʱ䳤ϣҪ֪δ顣
ʱ֮Ӵ˼ûһ䣬һʵڵĺÿһ䡣ʱֵĹǱģʱ֮ӵɣҪռһδ顣
ۡ
ȻڴʱҶٺĿѾһߵλİ׷߾Ҳ˲ϿղתĹǣ͵һѪɫʱ԰ˡ
ƹҡ
֮µǹԼ޹Ĺǵļͭң⼸ͭҾȻ˼飡
ǰû°ɣ
Ҷٺ𾪣ʱӰʯռ䵱ȡһŻ쵤߷£·һɫ΢ЩܴϢȻ߲ơ


458 Ȼ
˰ϷѾռΣÿζ
׷߳ŭһűĬȻޱȾɥ
ռʧܣͭѣΪϷҪռ˻Ϸǿ٣شڸǸӦϷĿӣԹȥҴˣ׷ɫصҶٺϷռ飬δһڣ˼ơ
Ҷٺʱ׻Ȼܹ뵽ԡռδһ˼ƣȴǱĳеıҪǿٵֹˣѵһǿҪԸ½Ը䣿
ѵ
Ҷٺȵ֪ԡ
ǵģδһ£½ض٣ȻʲôĽ㲻ܹˣһоҪǵ컯ˡңǧǰܣҪˮ˰׷̾ϢǿҲò̾Ϣ
ѾǿҲûжģƾҶٺҲܹʲôİհֲʲôǿߣôô̵ʱ֮
ңʲô˼ѵδ½δ˼Ҫҵ𣿣ҶٺȵԼжʱ֮ʱͨʱ֮ӣܹһ֮ڸı˼˵ʲô
ٽ߼ҪȶѵĴ𣿡Ҷٺ̾½⺣Ҳǲظ˰
½ǰžܹںͱ˵ĴݲУǺƵš⺣ΪͨϵʧһεľءһУΪԵԽԽⰡ
ǣϷȻδܹһġ׷˫貣·ܹ˵ĵ׿һ㣬Ҷٺ֮Ž˵ڣ㣬ĹؼҲϷΨһδˣ
ңңŲڰôܡ
Ҷٺȣһ֮ڿ»Ҫ⺣ѰҶ鰡ôܳΪתأңǰߣĿɲôһС㰡
ǵģֻڣȲϷ򣬱Ȳϻ½ڣȲδҪֵвɴȵˣδޣ
׷죬Ѩ·ҡΣҴ˴ҪӵпңҸǿʵ
㡭ܹҲ磬ͻڵΪǿĴڣ
ҶٺʲôȵϲҪܹΪҸأ
ȫ·ɣطʩչԺԻ
ʹ׿Ҳֻڤڤķ֮ӶԼĽ磬ںǿߵ֮ⷨϣȴеĴڣǱǡ
׷Ʈ̣ҶٺĶƣ·Զߣַ·ֻǾǰʱҶٺڵϣҪǰ׷ߵָã֮
˭˵ֻܹĴڣ˭˵ͲܳܵסʵĴڣֻܹԼϢڸס֣ͿԶƽ°ȻҲζҪʧȥߵˡ
޴ڣ޴ڣǳǧ쳾֮߱ǲڤڤġֻԼĵǿڡ
һ൱һСС磬ǿ൱һʵ簡
ȻȻ׷ߵָҶٺȴڴʱʼԺˡǺأѵҪνġҪԼϵַȫǺεӴĹ̰
Ҷٺѡ˽ԼһַΪͻƿڣǱǵȼΪļȺѪȭʱ䷨Ҫڶʱ֮ͻƿǲˡ
ǱһͬһǿˮҶٺܻƣѹ޴ڣѹǿʮҶٺļȺӽں֮һĽ硣
Ҷٺĳ죬ɸ⼫Ⱥ򵱵ÿһ䣬׷˵ǰͨ
ȻôܹһûĺͨأҶٺҶٺòԼ˳˼
һֵĸһḶֻ́ܵİأܸĳ񣬲ܸӵǰġ
Ҳˣǰ׷߲Ų֪ʲôط֪ҶٺʧԸҶٺٵĸš
ʲôǡܹ繵ͨ
Ҷٺϸĵûë׸Ӧ߲ˮһѾˮİԼ߷ᡣ
ϸ͵Ľϣʱʱᣬãֻ̼仯
ôܹЩˮͨأ
ڱܹܵķǵɷ֮γɵĸ߲εĽ磬ҶٺֱӽʹˣѾõȭѪҲûкͨһ
ѵûķĿԹͨѵǲûֻǲм߲ܹҲҶٺĲɻ󣬲֪ʶֲϵĳԵӽܵˮˡ
࡭
һƽĺˮһˮһССˮ
ݡ
Ǹγɵˮ׳󣬽űһ޴ĲˣԶȥĪ⼫Ⱥ򵱺ݺȥ͵ˮĳһͬһİ
Ϣûʼûֹ
ⱾȻĹɣǵ
Ҷٺ⼫Ⱥ򵱣ˮ⼫Ⱥ޴ڵܣ
ӵܽʵı亣ˮһʯܼǧˡټ⼫Ⱥ򵱸ΪǿľѹϢĿֲо⼫Ⱥ»вٵҪҶٺھ򰡣
⼫ȺֻǰС𣿣
ˡ
ֻŵҶٺỬָԼ߻һССԲȦ·ֻչһ㡣Ȼôһ֣ȺǻһǰδеĿֲѹ·Ƭ򶼻һ㣡


459 ֮
˵֮ǰļȺֻһҶٺٿŵذףÿһηͱȻֻһζļȺѾһͷޣɵĽ˺Ƭ
ָǧˮ֣Զȥͬһʱ䣬һǧ׳ˮ⺣ˮ裬Ⱥ򶼷·˹
ӡСӣܳ⡮Ȼֻ˰ӣǺεȿֲ԰׷߳̾һﵱβϲã·ͻƵĲҶٺԼһ㡣Ȼ⡰Ĵڲǽֻһʼ
Ȼ׷߻ûгֻ֣ǸնҶٺ翵ͬ¡ڳ¾صҶٺԺ¡죬ڶǧǰϼһǴµĶ辶ķӣҪˡ
֮Ϊ񣬼ӵֻ췭Ƹܣ̧־شڹ֮䣬Ѿ˼ܹˡ˵˼ν񣬲ǿЩ߰ˡ
׷ֹȴʱ˵

Ȼֻ˼磬һ;Ƿ磬Ϊ˾񣬲ȥΨһ;ȴһ˵·ˡˣǰǱ㴴һַһֶ辶ķһֲͬڹӲдβ˵ķ
¡죡ƾŰ׷ɢһ˿˿Ŀֲܣǧ˰Ȼ׷ȴ֪ΪܹԼɢ޴ڵ
ⷽϽһͬĵ·ǸҲļȺ׼Ĵڣű磬ӶΪԼգȻҪ߲εĿռ֧ŵģ˼޷е˿ֲԣǽڡ
ڣǡǵһһΪ򰡣˷ΪԪɢܵġڣΪԪ
ҶٺŰ׷ߵĻԺһ˿˿򣬷·ԪĹѾԺǧһ㣬ֻ˫ֽǧӡǱʩչļȺѾڣǺغ
ˡ
̧־䣬ǿֻһֱ̧㽫Ƭմô飡
𡭡
ֻһ䣬ǧˮҶٺϳ֮ͬХһˮ
ǿ̧־ֽɨһַ·ѾѾܹƿڹ֮ǿܣһôǱڻҪֲĴô
ҶٺȻȶʱ˫۵̺ŽһƬ˿ȥ·ѾΪһƬһ㡣ϸϸǿԼ¾Ҫˡ
׺壬һḶ́ǸؾѾļˡҵԼѾһˡ
Ҷٺ̺һֱħֻֻƬǣķƬضΪ
ǵľ磬ڷ֮ϣԪ磬Ե뼺һһ䷢ӳΪֲ
ǵģǹԪȻҪ׵ľô㡭
׷Ʈ죬·ѾƬص޴ڵĴһ㣬ϵƣһ˼磬²գּҪһɱض٣
ڶԪͬΪ׶Σ㴦ڵĹԪھͱϷڵĹԪڵһ׶Σ⡮ԼԪİҪԼ̽Ѱġ
Ƕ辶ķȴǺ֮źǣ뼺ǣһֱǴơ
ʲôԪ绹Ȳ񾳽ߣҶٺԭ֮׵˷תۼͱ
Ԫ磬Ϊ˵ľǺ֮˿ǻȲߣǽԪ磬»Ҫһɱİ
ԪϾһֲķڣȻҲܹáɱУȻȴȲЩ̧־
׷ҡͷ̾ϢȻƾʱ½ߣôܺͲһ繷ƽأ
⻹Ҷٺһ½ֱ֮Բ˵Զŵ׷ΪҶٺѾӵʵ֪˰ɡѾ̤ԪڵҶٺȷʵ֪˰
οþ߿ڵĴ֮գһ֪ĿҲǺõİ
ԭǵĲͬɵ⡭ܾõӦǺԼΪһģǽ⣬·ԼĹϵͳΪΪū˰Ҷٺ纣˵˵˭˵ԪھͱȲ񾳽ģټϼֲͬĵأ
ֻˡһ죬ϢҶٺڶ𣬺ֹâټĶѨطȾͬһλá
ƶ²Ϣʱ֮Ʒʱգ
ҫâ£ãȭǾ
Ѫӯ࣬ħӰѪѪ
ȻѾҶٺʩչȴֻʣһƬĺڵĽ磬ʧȥɷħĽ磡ûһ㣬ûзơ
ֽ統ǻʱΪˣɢϢ·ܹ˴ԽʱգһΣ֮ɢ
ҶٺǽϵļַʩչҪµļֽȫΪ˶ĵڣҶٺͲŻȲ񾳽ߣ
ݡ
׷ʩչŵĶѨֽȻͬϲ˵ƬСը⻹ֻҶٺûнֽȫɵʱɢЩȫ޳ˣ÷ӳεȿֲ
Ѿı仯ˣַʹҶٺʵʵʵѾͻ˹ԪڣǹԪڳȥ˰ⶴѨԭ׷߲µɫӡڲͣ·ҪƵļԲ뵽ˡ
ǣѵǴ˵
ڴʱһҶٺϱ仯İ׷ŵɫǾȣ·뵽ʲôµ顣ɲǰӵͨͨʵҲԼѾǰСӳԽ𾪵ǰҶٺͬʱֵֵĳΣ


460 ֮
ڰ׷߾ȵı֮£ҶٺԭͲɢݶȥѹʱǣ·ʲô׳ҩһ㣡

ԭ֪ҶٺͻƹԪڵʱǿŸֲ֮ϵСѾһСֱӳ˰׸ߣɫֻɿͬϸƬӨҶҶٺϵ
ɡ
ҶٺһһɰѾ͸ⶴѨʯ鼷ѹôѣͬʱֻҶٺ˫ֽӡ߲ƵĽѾûһ󣬺Ҷٺıںһɿֲ׵Ҷٺϼ
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ʯ飬ӡƣͷ֮Ͻһ֮ϵķӡݺȥҶٺ΢й¶Ķٺɱ
Ǹˣǰ˴鷳
յҶٺƯյ·ںһ㣬˸ܲκϢ·ֻһͨһ㣡
Ҫ׽ٻƲҲµĻ󡣡׷ߵޣȻȴǲҪҶٺǰټˡΪߵҶٺǰʵڲ֮䣬Ȼܹһˡ
ҶٺֻǼ˵ʱѾֵ޳ɲڻ뼺ʱΪѾ߲ɲ˰ȻźǣɷħˣǿɷħڵĵĺİңȻǰİ׷Ҳǿһ㡣
ʱ㿴Ѿӵʵ˰ɡܹǲȱĵ룬ʧȥĵܹԪ֮޵ˣ׷һ۾ͿҶٺϵȱ㡣
ǵģʧȥɷħɷħΪĵĵûκˡȻܹһѾ˵ħˣҪȥأҶٺҵɷħҲ֪ôջ
ȻҵʵˣѰɷħɡҶٺԾ˫ֻһ裬ǳѾڻ֮µճ֣ΧƳһӴԲȦµǳ֮䲻
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ӴǳһǹӼԶ£ǻ۳һʵĻ档ܹ˵ɷħˣʱɷħСܵʱͣѰһ޿ɵΣգȻһֱǰܡ
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Ȼڴʱһֱİ׷ͻȻһĽ·𿴼ʲôȵһ㡣
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ҶٺϲⰡɷħĹ֮ҲҶӴòҵһ֪а칦ˣҶٺȻҪúѯһˡ
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ȻһаĹҪô߽ԼɵʻˣҪôǱԼɣͷҪһӵоǿΪĿֲڰ
ѵ˵һҪħˣҶٺʱеԼҪˣȻħֻǴԼĶȻҪħԵҪеһԵĶĸо
ǺǺǡҪ仰˵ֻҪո˲ڣȻ»صĵΪһˣ׷ЦţһϹǷŵ˵ĶѨɳҶٺüȥ
ǰ׷߸ҶٺڵһƪԽ֮ûʵʵĴڼȡڣӶԼʵǼǰѾڵаڹȥҲ֪˶ٸаħ
˹ΪѾ˾ǰʵЦˣڵ˵ȴʺϲˡ׷˵ֻһϷ紵ĳӳѾϷ紵Ҷٺǰ
ڴ˰Ͳ˵ô˴³ĽҴܺ治ǣ
ֵ˵ȻǶԼǿд൱
ǺǺǡҶٺСӻСҪһȥʶʶˡ׷ߵѾɳԵмˣһ֮󣬱Ǵ֮ʱʱҲֻܹټ½ȫ˲ܹȥˡ
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йأҲҶֹҶٺо춯ýӽʣ˵ƽؾװ
˵⺣ûоͷֻһƬԼ쾪׵Ŀֲط»û߳ٲҪʱֵɽ̿ˡ
⺣߿Ҫӵ㹻ʵԼǵģȻ͵ȴűޱ޾ĽѴݲɡ
Ȼ⺣ʮ˻ޣж֪⿴ȥææûоͷ⺣ʵоͷأǾ⺣ΨһԵ֮أһֻļͷ֪Ľ֮أһغ½ڵĵط
һ˵Ľ֮أ˵һȥצҪǿĴڣҲҵط
Ȼ죬ע֮صǧҪ˴ˡ

ģôһֲԤУѵǸڹңܣѾôˡ
һʱĺ֮ϴԿһˮãã󺣵죬Ǽĵطȥ
ǵģҶٺŵ˵Ҫ֮ҵĵڶ죬ʵҶٺѳߵġ硱ʱ䲻һ˲䡣ɲ㣬ǶԴʵдա
ٿǲִڣȻһںˮɳ۵ĺӰһ࣡
˾ȻҶٺһģһӣɫ̬ҲһģһΨһͬǣԳơ𡱵Ĺ϶һҶٺûе


461 
ҶٺħѾ˵ɷħ
ɷħҶٺ֮Ѿǣò״һҶٺ׽ٲסĻᣬȻҪסܳˣ
Ÿճ֮ͱһĪųǰ
ʲôǰջһܹʵѾڵҶٺɵɷħŸոܵѾסˣ֪ܹΪһħĹؼ
ԽԽˣԽԽˡ
ɷħɫһ˿âѾܹܵǿҵǹϢĲˣ·Ǳؾͽǰһ㡣
ȻڴʱԭʵͻȻۼһƣͳɷħкټĵˮͰϸǱطҪǿϲ٣ֻ˲ͽǺˮ룬ɷħݺȥ
Ҫ𶼸ɣ
ɷħŭǳ죬·ֻɷħһֻƣɢڹִХȥֻһ㽫黨״
ɱϣȥ磬ΪһӦеķ緶ôȥΪҶٺĻ쵰Ľ統ǰңڵֻҪǰһܹʵҶٺ˰
ҶٺŰɣҪ̻Ϊ̤ʯɷħ߸аħתе÷·ħһ㡣ȴɷħЯܾɣħӵкεȺڰ˼Լǿ֪ġ
ҾɷħЦֻһ˫ɫ۾â漴˷ܵûһ߲ͣĺ˵ˣڵ˰
߼Զĳطϡһ·𵹹ˮĵ죬һƯں֮ϵĵ죡ҿ⵺ں֮µľ޴⵺¶ˮжˣ
ٺٺ٣˰½˰ñ޾ľɣɷħЦѾͬһһˮ֮³ҪѾǧ֮ڵĵȥۣ⵺һŨɫâͨ쳹أ·һľ޴֮ͨ䣡
ȻɷħϺ֮ʱһԭ⵺ϿգȻһƬɫƣǧ׺Х½䣬ըһаɸߵĺˣ
û꾡ľˣȻ׼ҪǰԲʮĵȥʱ޶˵ʧˣ·ûгʱһ㡣
⵺ĺ󷽣ȻһƬޡСȻΪ⺣ԼһƬ޵ļ·ľͷһ㣡
ʵϣȷľͷҶٺĻһ²ûа˼ֳһƬ޵ĵطڵļ֮أĵطȣ
ٿ׵ɷħѾһƬĺڰĴǲϺХɷħ統ޱȿֲĴڣ
жϣ÷飡
ҶٺϷѳɷħֶҲҶٺһްҴҶٺ֮ɷħҲʾԼĿֲܡȥǱҶٺӵеѹţô͹Գ֮ǿأ
һõطүرΪư½׼ʥذɷħЦа죬ȥͬһ㡣
ⲻưԵĵطͷĵط
ȻڴʱһɷħޱȵͻȻؼ𣬸׺¡Ƭˡ
ͻȻֵԭ˷ޱȵɷħͻȻĳǿԿɷħϲɢһɴޱ޾޺ͷŭȸҲϲ
ˣǸϵ˰
ɷħ䣬·ɷؼ䲻£ɷյµҲ
ڴʱɷħ޵һµֻ̤һ߹ǧףߵĵȻ΢ЦȻûнǰɷħԼⷽԲʮ֮ڵ׷
ǵģҶٺ
ǧľ룬Ա˵ǼΪңԶľ룬ȻѾԪڵ˵ⲻգۼĹܹȷе֪ɷħλãҪ׷ħֻޱȵĹˡ
߶˵ʣȻҪһˡ벻ԭҽʣȻܣƺ൱ԹҰ
ҶٺһЦȻûа㶯·ֻһЦȻӰȴޱȾ޴ģ
ҶٺŸ˵ֻ꣬ŻӿϵĺͻȻһƽҲûһ㲨ƽ÷·һƽľһ㣡ͷ֮ԭףҲһ˲ҲɢӰ٣
һŭʧɫ
ҶٺѾʵľǿߣֻһһҪΪݣ
ʵϣǵľ磬ָܹӵͨҲֻһ֣ĵʹġܲɵģҶٺӵеĵֻ֣һ仰죬⺣ҲҶˡ
ҶٺʵôĽչߵĵȻҪǰɷħˣɷħϲɷܹ֪ˡ
ΪʲôΪʲôΪʲôҾǳԽ㣿ҺްɷħХ졣
صҵߣܹôǿˣǱһİα뿪أҶٺ¶һ˿ĵĳ⣬ǰɷħ۹ҲԭɱѹҲʧӰ٣
ҶٺԴ⽫ԼѪЩԼɥħ˿Ȼħȴƺ鰡
ֻ䡭һѾſн䱸ҶٺǱͻȻͬڵһɷħײõɶ·һײǰ
Ҫٴȱ˰쵰㻹ӹħҲ֪ʰԭӦ㾫ѪҾȻɱ˹ߣҲˣȻɱ˹֮󣬻ЩԹܾ꣬ĥݲС
ǡ䡱ײҶٺ·ɳһϺ󣬱ɷħûа㻹ֵĻᣡ


462 ǿ
Хڤ䣬ڤӱڣҶٺѾɷħʵϲ٣ƾֲĥݲУӵвҲҪ鰡
Ϊʲô֣ѵΪҾͲܹɱôǸҼˣǧַԽɱ
ɷħɷյһУҶٺ·ɳһѾһεϷȥͬһʱ䣬ǧԹɷ統ֶǲٳҶٺɱȥɷħΪ㲻ת
ǿһɷ·ѾѹǧĸҪʯ쾪
ড
ড
ǺҶٺͬһ㣬ȻĲɷħȹ֮±ֲˣȻҲòΪɷħɵ
ɷħɷԭ˿ֲȥҶٺǵ͹ԩǿħ˰
ҸΪµǣѾ۳籩һɷħ߲תǿʼƮɢҪɷں
ǡ
ҶٺòԾˣʱѾɷħŵһߵ㣬Ŀɷ統б仯
ֻһȦȦƴĹȦЩԹƮݶɷںǵģںޱȵҶٺԸܵЩȦ̺ĸ
һַǴɳǧȡľڣ
Ҷٺ뵽һµ飬ǾɷħѵôһܣһޱȿֲĹܣǾǽȥɵĴԹںϣӶǿ
Ҫ֪Ҷٺȥɷ統˶鰡رħսʱʱɵѾȥԶűʿֹǧ
ЩӵһʵߵɷħˣûǿʵҪСǲڵΪߵľڣνСɶ࣬ǧԹ̺ĿֲںһһֲĴڣ
ûҶٺϸȥڵɷڷ֤һ㣡ɷ磬˵ԩĽ磬罫俴һԽнںڵĴڰ

ɷħ˫ŭţ˻ɷھҵķ仯ǹȥǺɭڤһĽ磬ʱùãʱʯ仯ǧα仯ΨһһǣɷƴϴֱҪں񾳽Χǽ
׳գɷ磬ɷħȻֺӹʹù
ɷħѸʧԭλãѾͬһ׹һҶٺԣһȭҶٺȥ
ͬһʱ䣬ǧХɽҪҶٺĲ忳ɷ飬ҪҶٺĥ
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٣ɷħ׽٣ǻ·дʱ򣬽ٶȹɷħܹҶٺдһ˿Ϊһˡ
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ʲôΪʲô쵰
ɷħ˻һҶٺͷ­ݺȥʱͬӾȻȻ˻ҶٺϻǹŲõЦݣ·ɷħȹ˵ֻ޹ʹһ㡣
ǷģȥҵĲԣҲѾˡңҵʱѾˣϷʱˡ
ҶٺƮ˵شͣ׺¡·ǵɽ𺣣ҶٺͬԡѪһյվϻһ˿õ΢Ц
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쵰־ͽɱ˰ֶĵЦ˰ɷħĿҲܻڲɷںϵԹ飬Ѿͬ׺һ㳯Ҷٺɱȥ˫֮ݺᣬ·һ㳯ҶٺŴȥ
ȻȵɷħɱҶٺڵλ֮ʱѾһգΪҶٺѾʧǰ
ͬһʱ䣬һֻ·ɵĴɷħ΢΢ļ֮ϣȴǴŵϷɷħ𣬡ʱˣɷˣҲҵĶ֣
𡭡
ɷħ죬ĿħǺεȵķŭޣԼȻӵǿǱȥûбǰ˿عԼջǵвǰԹ֮ˣ
Ҳǲ㣬вʱңԷӳȫʵҲֻܹΪǰȺ۵𣡡Ҷٺ˫ֻ裬Ѿʩչһͬһɷħ
ܹĴȡڵֻǸһʩչɷħıѾƾҶٺһϵâҶٺϻ۶ȥ
ΪʲôˣҶٺ˵ʩչļǼСĳ̶ȣƾɷħѾӽԪڵʵ׼䷴Ѱ
ȻҶٺ˵ɷħԭѾչǶ˼ãȻıҪôһǵв㡭ܹٿһҵ⵺ĶĻ
ҶٺתǱڸǵĵ죬ҪѰҵķȰڷŵĵطǴ˵ĵططȻɷħڵ
ʲôܹܵķ𣿡ҶٺùȻãǷȵɷħ
֪һƺһǿıء
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ড
ͬһʱ䣬ɷħڵҶٺϢȻͣһɢʹâ¡ɷǧԹԴȪӶı仯


463 İٶ
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ֻҶٺ˫ֽӡϸһϢϸҶٺ֮ڷã
Ƭ̣ԭܵɷѾһֻĴָС͸ӣûҶٺ蹬֮ڡ
ɷħѾҶٺգҲ˵ҶٺӽԺνʣΪѾںΪһˡ
ͬһʱ䣬ҶٺҲɷһȫµĵӵֵǿ˰ЩҲûǿ˰
ǰķȵЩʲôأ
һغ½ڵĵطҶٺޱȣǴһ񻰴ڵĵط
ھ۱̵꣬ѵȥΪΰɫӻᱻ죬һҶٺٻȥ
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ҶٺŸյϷڵĵ죬·һͨ쳹صХһɱӭʱеһʣ·Ҫһ㣡
طȻ̺ıݣһֱýӽʵˡ
ʱ⺣֮Ʈķȣ˵Ȼ׵ľܹˣ⻹Ǻ˵ķȲͬ
ˡ
ȻڴʱһԶϵ֮ϴϢ
ʲôˣһ
Ҷٺ޶ԣվһǰС֮ϣܽǳǺɫĹȥ绢ò
СıԵһƬƽأһ¡ǧ׸ߵɽ򱱵ţǾһ뻷״·һڵڳ˯еϸ֮£ɽȴӴɽ϶ɣ˵һɽ
ȣȻĿһĽɵطȻ⺣ŵ񻰹µУȴһµĽ֮ء
˵УĹʱڵ˼ڶǿգܹƼҲҪЩǿ¶ӶЩﵱУһǿΪ硣
磬Σȴÿµĵ컯βۼ׵Ĺˮ죬Ϳ̿ڰò֮ʱӵǿʵ߽ǿķ翳ɱڷǧꡣ
ˣΪķȻ翵ķȣȴǳһɹܹɵĶ磬Ǳɱķ統ԹһѪӰɱ
Ҳƭ˵İ񻰵˵ķ磬ָľȥ˶ȵо겻Ϣķ磬͵ġ
һķ粻ҶٺϹóڰ˵еҶٺԾĲ
һžʧХȵ쵴صģİˡ
ҶٺǾվͨɽشС֮ϣʱ˿̵ûа㶯ֻǵȴǷ˵Ĵڳǰ
ܹԼܵһصİС֮ϣܹӦһɲϹӵϢƶΪȴҶٺеһɷ·ڤ⡣
һ͸ĵˣһûϣˡ
ãˣ⻹Ϸ⼸һμ˰
һѴɭĴǴҶٺӦֻΪĴڷ̹ǵ硣
ɽҴƬ̱ϯ죬·Хطϼֹ졣
һݵߣѾûжٹͷȥһᶯĹͷȻôһߣӵз·𱻷ιһ˫۾þˣҶٺҲΪ˫۾е𺳡
˼ңΪУȻȴǼʯ
ҶٺпǰߣȻֻΪʶȴǿ󲻿ɲ⣬ȻҲ޷͸ʶۿжǿ
Ȳûκ˿ԽΪҾͿ׵ĽأΪ˵ڼǰΪ˵ȵ̫ˣ
Ҷٺһ׳ȴǰ˼ҹЦ·ʲôЦһ㡣
ڵ˹Ȼôɰһ˼λشǺأ˼һǻúûشģҽһΪū
ūɬĴѾתԶɽȥƽԭľͷȻһéɵСݡ
ÿ춼ķȵУһСéݾȻܹȻǺεȵĹ찡Ȼ漴ϸϸ֪µҶٺڷéݵİڡ
ԭéݱһɾֱŰһɼΪǿķٴǧ꣬Ҳ޷κǿɢӨ͸ܹùԪڵֱ
ҶٺҲԸԵĿֲ
éݣסﱻһǿŰȴǺԵòЭ
ҶٺѾūéݵУﲻһ򵥵·ũСһĵطūס
ǺǡСӺéݵȷҵסȴİٶסϵıطͺҵǼйˣΪطİٶǰ˸˼Ҿסġ
ūһ˫оȻ¶־⣬·뵽ʲôޱ𾴵Ķһ㡣
Ҷٺǰū̸УҶٺѾ֪ūĹ¡
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İٶǰ˸кεȴ
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ҶٺȵĽеҲԼǹڼȻȴ֮һİٶǰˣƺé֮ϵиӦЩϤо·̺ʲôĻԵ
ȻҶٺҲ֪ԼӦʧ˷ˣΪͬһūҶٺʻȴüͷҡͷ˵
ϷҾͲ֪ˣֻ֪ƺ˺죬ʶˡ
ȻʶôҲӦһǧ϶ˡ


464 Ʈɢ
ǵһ꣬ǸǿܹΣÿζССںܶںܶǿ൱һκ˲֪ʲô췭ظǿ˵ԭʮãȵЩԪ
ūԭıͻȻһҶٺܹиܵŨηͺ£·ʱĳޱȵľĶһ㡣
Ϊ˺ǰĳ֣ȵĸˣԾͲǰǰĵˣ
Ҷٺ˵ȻȻޱȵĲİٶǰǿﵽ׺˵Щʲôһֵֵˡ
ǵģԴ쿪ʼϷҾҪʹԼˣ֮ϵƱϷ޸ʮһСֲôһСֵԵֵ֮µǿ˰
ū¶ְ·ޱһ㡣
ţǰȴµ˵ǰ죬ȴǽϷŸˣǻڷһһСҪ¾˳ֲܸס˰ҺûŶ˵Ϣ
һһС⺣ǿĴô
Ҷٺ漴ǰ˵⺣֮ϷƸˣһһСЩĹϵ
ǵģ˿үĹϵȻҲΪֹԸޱȵģֱå
ū֮ԱǣȻūҪҶٺ˵еĻ֮ʱһ·һ

಻һΪ֮𺳵ϡ
˷ˣСӣʱȥ˰
ԭ໰˵ūͷ˵ȥµĿ鲢֮һҪ˵һһҹ֪ΪҸоرͶԵǺǡ
ȻǰҶٺʹ˵ʮʮҹֺηǰ˵ĿʲôأδңΪƺһ֪ҵһаҶٺ΢Ц
Ȿһ˵ȥģ⿼ں˳һܺµģ˵Ҫһˣ˾㰡ıңˣȻġ
ūæߴٵ˫֮ѾɢһɿԶϢ漴Ҷٺϡ
±ڣһÿɫĹ·ħ֣֮¶֮
Ҷٺǰģһ°ͬƵС𣬺ɫȥѾ˲̵ʱ䡣
Ҷٺеǣ׸ߣɽȼֱǾţһëСҶٺĵطȻһ·ͷһ״
ѵɽ𣬾ȥϸϸ֪֮£Ҷٺƺܹܵ㾭ǧʱȻûɢϢ
һŨȻֱֻǶܹҶٺеһϢĸо̺ķϵҶٺ·籩УûаĻᡣ
Ȼ⻹ֻȥɢĶȫʢʱڵ׸жǿ¾ȫʢʱҲһ֮ء
Ҷٺˡ
ڴʱһϹӵҶٺԺȴĳڸǿڵĴҶٺ𺳵ǣɢһ˿ϢѾ絽㣬ȻѾһֽӽϢĸо
ԪڣѾ൱ʵȻϢоԺдĴڵӵкεǿʵ
ǰ
ҶٺվԭأԴū͵ûƶ벽ǰСɽȷӵһɴޱȵҼпܾ岻ͬһʱ䣬ܵһɼΪյԽһĥܹв
ū˵Ŀ飬ҶٺûоҪĴУ²ô򵥡
ǵģҶٺҾҪҵѾʧȥķҲ֪еĿġ
ǰѲɣޱȣ·Ѿ£Ҵһ˿ľٶҶٺԺͬһʱ䣬һģҶٺԺлγɡ
ɫͷɣۣݵǣҶٺһꡣ
ͦദİҶٺлϲʱѾԼҪгˡ
ȻǰѾ֪ҴеĿǰɫӣôҲһ֪ʧȥ˰ɫӵ½ٵΣѰǰȫðɫӹλԱӻ
Ĵʥ֮ףνϵµߣԼӵΣѣȻǻΪԼˣҶٺĵĴʥ̸֮С
ɫӱͲӦóҵȻǺΪ²ЧڰɫɵʱѾ֪ǰѰˣͬʱҲһ飬ǾǣҴӦĳ˵˸ˡ
·һ˵ҶٺԺеͶӰҲһ󲨶·仰Ѿһ㡣
ǸˣǼ飿ѵ˵ľİٶǰӦǸ˵Ҫ
ҶٺʱһҪ̽ѯȥ
һַ··һ㣬ǶΪҶٺ˵ļɵ
Ǹˣʲô飿ѵйأ
ҶٺһֵԪѾԺУԺֶңңԡ
ԺеͶӰȻҲܹҶٺпģˡ
һ޾Լǵһ˫ĿϬǳȴǴһ˿ײİˣһ޾İˣòİһ˫ۣͬһŭָĽ֮צһצҪǿͬٵĿֲڡ
Ӧʵĳ˵ҪһҪȡǿӣǱܹѵˡ
·廳ʲôһ㣬¶һ޾ĻԼˣ·˶˵ޱҪһ㡣
ѣʲôѣ
ҶٺѾ²⵽ºйȡһӣǲǰɫô
ȻҶٺ֪İٶǰô֪ȡ߰ɫӣȤ˵Ļ
ѣôҲʲôö
ȻֻҶٺԺеһЦ·뵽ʲôЦһ㣬ûҶٺʻֻǽŴ
ҵĺֵܣս˵ûûҽѣװİٶĥǿԽ˰
ѣȥǧ䣬ҵĻ꣬Ʈɢ


465 
űݵҶٺԺвǹһķ磬ҶٺͷԱ
ʱҶٺףԼܵǹɴвʲôԶʱڣ֮ѹʹõռѹ˵أ꣬ǧµжԶȹ޵Ĺ¼ż尾
ǴޱȵĹ֮ڵİԷħһܹѹȴǲȥһִޱȵ似
İٶǰѾʧõڱܹȵеȷӵаȥȴҾܾ֮ǰͺ˵ˣҺˣ͵ǧ֮ĻҺˣˡ
Ҷٺܹܵ¶ʧ֮˭ǧµгޱ޾Ĺµͻں޵УҲҪ÷Ű
ôǰӦأ
ֻҪƿҵ䣬ܽӴҵҵҲһƮɢҪģǾǲҪܹ䣬ǽ䳹ȥ
Ѿޱȵڴ֮ǰȴҪӦҼΪҪ£ҾǱڴ˽Ҳ㿿ҵ
ʲôܹȴŻĻᣬܹƴҲҪȥأҶٺɫһ䣬ȵűлҪܡ
һȡ߰ɫ֮ȥڴͣų⣬ɷ춯ڶܣκγ֮ڣų⣬ɷ춯ܲ򶯣򾪶춯½˴䡣
ƵҶٺ𶶣֮ͶӰѾҶٺԺʧҶٺǰȻǷһεСɽ
ӦþȥˣȻ֮˵䣬ʵȥôڵδҲװ
ȵ룬ȻһĶҲڣĽ㰡
ҶٺʱѾŲСɽȥ
Ȼǰ߶˲׾֮ʱһΣм
ֻݡľҲ߿ǳѾҶٺͷ֮ϣŸһ־ѾתΧСɽγһ״߿ССǳȻ˼ΪѤõЧ
ֻ߿ǳ֮£һȦȦɫĹӰϴ·̺һ㳯·Сɽȥ顱ľ
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ҾڻµʱܵͬڲԶҶٺҶٺоԼ·һƬӵһ㣬Զܹռ䣬ͬʱԾǿɱǿС
ء
ֻһֲޱȵѾҶٺûʹЩҪ鿪ȻҲǳ˼룬ҶٺȻ׾ٵı㽫ų⣬ǹһ˿΢Ц
ǱǵӦðˣƾȹҲҪѹУ
ҶٺߣԷϵĿȷǿȻھͨǳҶٺ˵似Ȼ̺ǿǶ˵ȴֻһܹͱƵıֽ
˵ȭǾֱǳڣֻѹ֮ϸϸӦѾͨǿĵѾɵǾȻҶٺڱǿ
䡭
ֻҶٺֻ֮ϰڳ״ǳһģ߿ŻڲϰڶתǳȻ͵һ׹ܵʲôǣ
ǳ֮ҶٺѾڵȭӵе̧־䣬ؼǳΪ֮ȻϾԶѹǿôûһ㷴ҶٺĴ֮£ԭֻǵѹǾˡ
𡭡
ܵնȻΧľֹҶٺҲоϱѹɽһ㣬þߵɽҲһ˲䱻ѹð˼ס
һʵУһͷа׸ߵ޴ͨ˸һһѾֻһֶȣƬҲ䶯ɶ
һͷû뿴а׸ߵ룬һ˫·̺ƥ˫ŭҶٺĿ⻮ƳҶٺȥ
ҲҲ񣬸𡣡
ҶٺŭȣѾץס˲ǧ׳ǹͬƥһ㳯ǰ޵ͷ֮Ϻݺȥ
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ȻôһǿĹҶٺҲѾҪͷˣĽȴҶٺҲһ
ֻꡱһҶٺǧ׳Ѿɫ޵ͷ­ӴһȻҶٺ벻鷢ˣֻ񽣾ȻͬʱûκĴ͸޵壬·ֻڿһ㡣
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ֻءһ죬ҶٺѾ·һɽײһ㣬ֱˤϰֵǣȴǲҲôһײҶٺ֪ʲôط
ǳ֮ģΪܹʹǳ֮Ȼܹǳ֮ˣ޹ͬʱȴûܵ˺
ȻΪȴ޷أĲ²ȷģҲܹ޴һ򰡣ôûж𵽰أ
ء
ڴʱһҶٺ˼·Ϊͷ֮ϵǳѾٴζǵģ߿ǳҶٺǾĸųתͬһʱ䣬ҲζҶٺٴҪܵǿֲ׵ѹϮ
Ȼֻ¡Ҷٺͷ·ʮɽײһ㣬²ϵĹҲ·Ҫһ㡣


466 ɢ
ҵǾҪǿ֡
Ҷٺ򣬲Ȼܹޣͷ֮ϵ߿ǳҲػָ
ôҪܹõȼ͵Ǿȥأ
ҶٺһУǾ˰޷ǰǱ䵱Уνǽѡ
ܹڴʱǾǿĲΣôȥ䣿
ȻҪҶٺͷǿͻƣжѰȻҶٺȷһ˿һĸȻȴǶȭĸ߾ûа취
໺𡭡
ʱ䲻ˣȻҶٺûа취ȴҶٺ޽Ҷٺɱ
ֻһֻǺһţһƬѾͬһԶɢͱ֮ϣɽ飬֮ϣı
ֻ׸ߵͬսһ㳯ҶٺſڱҪһų۵⣬̺޾ǳ֮
תʱ䵹ˡ
ҶٺԿûаɫͷ֮Ͼֱʮ׳ľ޴ţ˫Ѿǧӡһɺ嫹ӵϢҶٺɢ
Ȼǳ֮޷ȥôǾҪǿĻʱأֻһʱ䳤Ѷ£˸佫ҶٺһɰĹϢؼ䲻ơ
ʱ֮ӵİԸ컻صĿֲܡ
յУҶٺʩչԼתѾչֳⷽؼ䣬һսನӰ쵽ȵİΣתʩչǳתǳ߿ǳҲҪΪ֮
ѹʧȥõ˲䣬·ȴȻͬĹԭѾ޿ĿֲȻĵȥԭӦѾٴνſ·ĸԸǿŹ
űǽֵǳ֮󱬷ֲĻϯؼ䣬СɽҲĪγԭӦеɫı塣
Ҷٺǰ㽫ʩչҽⱬڣѾƽˡ
ҶٺĹǽôҶٺĻʱյȷܹʱյˣȻѾԱȻȴԽ仹ԭʧҶٺҪʱ֮ӵнɾʱȴܵĪѡ
Ҷٺ֪ǣԶ֮ʱʮĪϲµܹΪĴʥ֮׵ڶ񲻹ԪڣڵҲȻܽȥˡ
ȷûƳҶٺȷûʵƳȻʹûܹƳô
ֻ𡱵һ죬ԭѾһҿͷֹ֮ͣ߿ǳָҶٺһŵת󣬾һתһĻ̫Ĺ
һֻɫצָǰҶٺԺлû֮צӳһģһȻȴǱ֮˺ֹǧ
ڱյצֻһɨԲھͨ磬ϬⷽҲ顣
Ǻεȿֲգأ·ؼֻʣһֻצһ㣬ԪڵҶٺһҲоԼǴµһֻһ㡣
һ֮µСоͻȻֵצҶٺĸо
ԡ
Ȼ޾צȻưƴȻѾ𽥻ָ֮ȴʾһ棬Ȼ·йĺˮһ㣬ҲûаצӣУûйѾȫѹ
յֻתۼĹҶٺӵǿΪλᱻѹˡ
ԱȭƬ̣ȻȴӵмǿĻָͬʱЧԵƾ޷ȥġ
ҶٺĻʱûнȥȴѾ뿪˱֮˶ݵĻصĻᣬظһҲƴһȻ𽥻ָ˲ȴ谭䷴ˡ
ǰ
Ϸ绯һĻҶٺԼӦôҪľʧ鰡
Хɣϣ·ԶţԽԶʱʻƮ㣬һʥʱ̣һܹͬͬʱ̡
ֻҶٺɢµϢһйˮǰĺǰ·Ƭڡ
ͬһʱ䣬һӰҶٺ󲻶ͣǳǧ֮һڵϵͶӰѾȥ˵ѾˣϢӿⷽԲ֮ڵشɷ顣
ҶٺллܹĽڿԽˡ
һ޾˺ɥƬؼƣͷ֮ϵ߿ǳȻûжʱǧ׳Ѿ쿪ȥǷ
ɫۼ׸壬һ˶ͷŭһ˫Ŀŭ·ܹڻ֮ȻֻͬعⷵգȻҲӵбҶٺҪǿٵǱҪǿĿֲˡ
ֻȥϸյһӣһа׳ѪӰѾնֱֱҶٺͷ֮ϵ߿ǳ֮ϣ·ݿһ㽫䳹
ܹ֮ǿסΪϲɢܹƵ˶ΪҶٺԷӳҲ׾ٵˡ
ֻԡһ죬ҶٺͷԲ֮һ֮ϵİѹѾʧӰ٣ѹһǧҲȥˡ
ȻʹܹػôȻǲܵġ
ǰϲػˡ
Ҷٺ΢ЦŶȻͷ֮ǧ׳Ӵ˵ĵĻԵΪػɶеġ
ǰ
·һ˵дŵãȻҶٺһôأȻҶٺ֪˼ˣΪѾܹͷ֮ϵӴڻɢ
ʧ˵ڻɢ
İٶǰҺ»ɢûдӦҪ󣬺һܽգڿƺ쳾Ըֻ̤أյҲ޳ˡ
ǧ׳Ѿʧ°ѾɢƬ֮䡣
ǰ
Ҷٺ𣬻ʱѾҪƬؼʱ䵹˻ȥȻȴûаԸݵȴԸ


467 
ûõģ棬ȻҲ԰ˡ
΢Цֻһ˫𣬷·һƬؽҶٺյУƵҶٺԺǻһ֮ɵҵ顣
Ǹ˭ܹͬһʱ²Ҷٺô׻˭Ȼܹ֪ҶٺѾ˼Ҫȥһ׹ȥʲôܣһһº󵽵ôĽѡ

Ҷٺʱ㷢ԼѾһƬ޵У۾ܿĶһƬããڴʱһ¹ͷҶٺǰʥϢҶٺ̲סһҪݵĳ嶯ĻӰ
Ȼȴֻһλ󣬲ûκǻۿԣҪ˵ܹҶٺĻˣƾҶٺôźȴûа㷴Ӧ
֮ףӥ¹֮ΣƸ֮ҪĻӰҶٺǰϻûʱӥʱ񱪣ǳ
ǡҶٺǰϻûϰڶ춯оɫǳ֮ѾɢϢҶٺܹҶٺʾпĳرĴڣ·𿴼Ⱥٶοԭ͡
ǵģ춯Ⱥٶοʽ𣿶ǱȺٶοҪҪĶҶٺһ˲ʱС
ȺٶοҶٺеĽ̵֮ѧǿɱǧ޵֮Ϊһ壬ǹɱ˫ɱȻȺٶοȴûܹҶٺ֮֮㳹ɼһĴˡ
ȻҶٺȻǿ󿰱ϿȺٶοԭ˵ǱĻᰡ
ҾϲֻЩҶٺУѾڲ֪ʹȺٶοʽҺʽӡ֤ͬʱһ͸·һĽҶٺü֮Ի·ʵһ㽫ⷽ
ѾɷܹзĵȻ˳
ô
ҶٺȻǰ趯˫۸ֳĺɷ統е
ҪڸҶٺĹԭɷħڷ֮ܵνأܹɷõǿ֮Ҷٺʵ׻ĳ̶Ȱ
ãҶٺڴĵлعǰǷ·ûгֹκα仯СɽСɽ
ʱҶٺϢƮ鶯һһ䰵ȥǷǴı仯
Ĵʥ޹ֲֲͬͬҶٺյıļɺȺٶοеһ֡
Ҷٺ֪ȺٶοĴʥӵеļ򻯰棬ҶٺǽԭȺٶοеһСѧˣҲɷ緢ֵı仯

ԭ͸ɷγɵĵһȻһͷӴʵĻȴһͷѵɷ̬Ĵʥ޸ػһǿôɷħĹȻǹŹַǳ
ˣǽˡ
ڴʱһޱȵϷԼ䴫ǡҶٺǻûɢ
ǰ㲻ҪһὫȻġ
Ҷٺһ˿мĶǺε֮󰡣ѧľڸҶٺ˵Ǻεȵı󰡡
ˣעġѾϸüţȴȻҶٺ˵һӵصˣҵҲѾˣҲ˽ԼԸҶٺҿһô
Լ֮ĶҪԼҶٺȻȻӦˣŸ˵ҪҶٺһ£ҶٺѾæӦˡ
ӸΪܹһļ̳ˣҵļ̳ˡ
Ÿһ˵꣬һȭͷСɫѾҶٺУ̺ķ֮ϢҶٺһֻ
ҵļ̳ˣĵΪ²ıͳ塭
ļ̳ҶٺȻܹѡһļ̳ˣǺεȽʹܹҵԼŲҽӸҶٺ൱һǿܹǿ˰ȻҶٺûⷽ뷨
ļ̳ˡǰҶٺһΪѡһõļ̳˵ġҶٺǿɫʯռ䵱У֣صյķʾл⡣
⣬Ĵʥ޾ǧǰǲû³ҲһºĴٵת
ѾʧֻҶٺǾڷźȡǰɫӣмǣҪ½ˣ򣬺
һ֮󾿾һ֮ôĴΣȻǿԼҲֳ˾ĵǡ
Ϊһºٵʼս㣬Ҷٺеޱȵľᣬδ·ںη

ţǳңԶ⺣֮أ˭֪һػƬ½ʥѾįϣ˭֪ԭӦñ˾ʥѾϵܵ˵á
غ˵ķ֮ϣԭػ⵺ѾʧӰ·һɽȻԭ˭֪ڷѾһ춯صսĴʥ֮׵֮ҲڷʧӰ١
ҶٺѾվڷ·Сɽһźͷһǰһ񻰵Ĵڡ
ı壬ǧ׳Ѿʵļǣټͷǳһ˫ŭ·Ҫؿһյܲ͸磬ҶٺԽ롣
طӦνأѵҪźǿдô֪᲻ıµȻôܹ͵нɫȡأ
Ҷٺǧȷļǵãͷ­СİɫӾǱźڿеİҶٺ֪⺣ʧİɫڽյ֮ڵеģҶٺ仯һֻӣҲյûһ϶϶֮ͨ
ҶٺһĪչ֮ʱĿǰ޴ͷǰ޴ĺڶ֮ϣıǿװҶٺĿԴǱǿߵ͵Уҽǰɫȡء
ӴޱȣǱǿҲܹɵĽҶٺҶٺֻɵļµѾͨѾûа¶ȷ·Ӳʯͷһͨʶ͵С
֮ڿޱȣ·һС㳡һҶٺܶҲͷʮԶ־൱
ź͵УҶٺﲢİΪѾھ۱̵мɫʱɢӨİɫӾ͵룬ŨˮԪɢġ


468 ˼
ǰɫӣ
ľʯȥӨ͸ͷ­СľʯޱȣºɫѾȵʯռ䵱ǼżƷʯˡ
Ȼڴʱ鷢˾Ҷٺڰʯռ䵱еļżƷʯ֮ʱԭӦڰʯռ䵱оŵļżƷʯȻ·ܵʲôĸӦһ㡣
֮ͬʱЩƷʯᷢ춯ЩƷʯôأΪλ죬صеļƷҲҪ᣿
Ҷٺһ뵽ЩƷʯ죬㲻ҪǼƷ𾧵ˣǿʵ
֪ѾôżƷʯҪŵûѪҶٺ뵽ȻҲ֪ǲҶٺ뵽ʲôĶģҲѾȥ˵Ը⿴ġ
ա
ҶٺѾڲƵĺǿ˶İɫӣ˫зľɫâ
ףףסһס

ǺͼƷԼžʯͬ澧ʯôǰɫӰӵ֧ں⺣ͨϵѵ˵ϵļžʯҲͬӵô
ĸоԣˮԪҪָ⡭ȻڴʱͬʱĻбͻȻֵıоһֶܹвϢ
ʲôˣ
ҶٺߣԭѾǰ߳Ѿʮ֮ǳ֮Ʒ·ǳ͵ĳǰȥеĿҲпձ
͵ϮҴ˾ȻܹҶٺûκη֮͵͵ǱȻӵǿʵ˴֮ǰɫӡ
Ҷٺһƽͬʱһ·ԱһӰѾҶٺǰȻûаıҶٺһƴڱǽǿನǲԶİɫȥ
á
ҶٺУںӰе˺ƻȻҲһҶٺҲʶǰ˵ʵΪΡ
ԪڣһΪʵҶٺ϶ͺ˵˲ôһʵãȴһŽƻԴˣȻҶٺҪǰɫӶߡ
㵽ʲôˣΪҵĶ
ҶٺôôһԼǰİɫӶߣѾƾϵ˲ƵǺ˵ԣǳûеɫ֮ǰʱ䣬յһѾץգھ˲׵ĵط
㼸ңô
ڴʱһ·ڤħҶٺԺлƣҶٺֶݵѣҲݵѣ˼ӽɫӵĻᡣ
ѵ˱ǵصкҶٺභˣƾһ񽣺ɨٱ˵ǿڣ
ҶٺļǵãǺ˿һ˫ӡĳ޵۾˾ȻܹѸĶʵ˵ô
ߣɫӣ񽣣ǽǬеħͷųˣĿʲô
Ҷٺȣʱ֮ѾĿ֮ԭӦѾɫץеǹƶ˼ͬһʱ䣬ѾǿһõҶٺ˫Ѫ죬·ħһ㽫˫ȭǰ֮
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𶯣Ī֮£ҲҪ鿪ԭȹޱȵźҲ
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ҶٺвãҪȵİȻ˱Ҫ˰
ֻҶٺ˫ֶѾӺ͵˵սзֳһֻ֣ɫĹâƬȹס
ȻҲôһ⣬ԭռƵҶٺʱ˴һֲһغ֮ڱ㱻ɱϰ£ҲȾѪ
ԭź
˴Цһ˫ԭͷ֮۾ʱ¶ĹâаޱȵϢ½֮ϯ
һһףһһа죬ȥ֮ͬһ㣬˲ҿ
ڴʱ֪Ҷٺ˿ЦȻʵҶٺҪȻҶٺ鷳ȴ㹻İ
㽫ԭҵĶˣȴǲʹֻңܹˣܹͨ·
˿ЦħлµĹ켣űѾ˫ֿӡЦ񾫣Ҫ˵ֻ̤ˣػˣҲܹ˽ҵ
ħҶٺһ˲·𿴼޾ɱ¾·𿴼͵ظ·𿴼˶ʹ޾һ޹磬һޱ˵硣
ӵħ۵˵⹦ܶƺǰҪǿٰȻѾܹγԼĵҲ֪˾ġ
аħ֮ǴħսܵСӣ
Ҷٺǰ˫ɢͬɫĹŹСӣҪϵֵֹСӽҪһУȴǷԼʲôˡ
ֻܹ޾ĺڰпͷ­ѿĹ͸Ѻ͸ڷľҡΡ
ǵģǵõħ֮ľΣҼ縺˲֪ʹ˶Σ񽣣ҿƺ
ħͬħХѾǰɢӨУѾֱźȥ
Ҫ
Ҷٺŭֵǿ˲㽫ħ۵ſʱ䵹֮ʱѾɫڡ
Ȼȴֹź֮ϣǧ׳ź롣
ټźأɲǼбңԶĻĹŴͬ𶶡
˼黪֮֮ﰡѾɲһҪ裬Ǻεȱ鰡ֻһɹɰɫԪԶϿźƮɢγһӶȥ
嵱̺ĻûɢȻֻʣ¶㣬Ѿ̺ؼ亱ľǾԪǱȡãýߵľ簡


469 ħ֮
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Ҷٺߣһһ˶ǳѾ˲佫Ƭطκ޷ͬһʱ䣬ѾѪеħӰѾʵʣһħ㳯ħ۵ͷ­ȥ
޷ԭҶٺܹĸܵԴȱħ۵ǿɱк֮ƬѾ΢΢һȦȦ֮⡣
һصĸо·Ƭռ˲Ϊʧȥƽķбһ˼˱ʲôĺ
Ҷٺޱȣ޷˼ᷢôĻ£Ѿǰ˺֮ҪطİȻȴǽ˼˶ǣˡ
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زԲ֮ھ̺޾ĺڶǳѪ䣬ʱңҶٺԼĿֲҪǰɱ
ҶٺΪѾԪ˰˹ԪڵΪǿ˺ֹֺοҶٺʵʵǱԼΪǿٵİȫչĻҪɷ˰
ֻһеĿʼô⵽ÿģô⵽ʹЩ񾫸ңҽʬΡ
ħ۳Ʈ裬һһ׵˫ֹâȥֲޱȣһµҶٺϱϮȴǡñҶٺмס
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Ҷٺ˫ֻǧ߼Ⱥ˷Ѿ·Ͻһ׺ݵĳħۺݺȥռҲĪѹ塣
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ħۡءһҶٺĿһһѪȻŽŲת񽣣˲·ħһ㣬񽣺ڹѤãһײкҶٺݺɱ
䡭
Ҷٺƾնֻǰ·Ʋɵ񽣣жȻ⣬ءһײǺͷ­֮ϣɡ
񽣹ȻϬǳҵľһľ𡭡Ҷٺ쳤ХأٹХӿ֮ʣһŷ·̫һĹ𽥷Ŵǻһ¯
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ħۣħ֮ӡħͷѵǱӡħͷħħ񣿡
ҶٺԺôһ뷨Ÿð뷨֮ʱʱһңԶ֮·ʲôŭĶһ㡣
ֻ䡱һؼ䣬ҶٺԭӦñǿĹѾײǾʯȻʱȴӭһʹâ·Ǿʯʲôһ㡣
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ҵĺѣǧȥˣƺӵСʼǵùȥ첻µز£һž̤Щ˶ѵеİ
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Ҷٺߣ˫ӡҪͷصԼİʯռ䵱УȻȴǷôŬҲֻͽͣȻ·صԼļһ㣬ǶҶٺҲûзӦ
ǺǺǡǻôһΣ㻹ѡ⼸ӽߣȥԼ𣿡
ԳơҡشЦ˵Ҷٺܹо⻰͸¶ĵΡ
ȥԼҶٺǰԳΪҡ˸еΪ棬ѵľɽͼڤ뽣ʲôϵɣ
Ҫ֪ǰоŹֵҶٺڲͬʱڵõİȴǡĳλǿĳصĹϵǺεɺϰ
ǰҶĳʲô˼Ϊ˲ѰķӦ
ҶٺȻվ½ıԵȻǰڶĹѾָƽȴȻޱȽѡԱ߹ۿȴǿΰĹеġҡ̾Ϣһ
Ҷٺǲ˽ˣýˣʵҲô࣬ȻԼȥҲˣӦøеˣǸеʧأ
صġҡ̾һȻû˿εʧ֮ҶٺĶԵô̶ޱȣҶٺȴֻܹǿֳмߵĻĴ


470 
Ѿȥһ˰ɣôñ㣬һаɣҹȥΪǿս񣬽յͽ
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Ҷٺտ½֮ǰתȴǶ˼ǿߵϢʱҶٺֳʲмߵķ緶
յսĽٶ˰һɰûĥھͽɱˡǰĻȻ̾ڸǵ½·΢΢߰ɣʵĵȥħͷɱɣȥϴĳ衭
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һ޴İɽȣͷǳѤãȥǳҶٺħսн¹ȣ
¹ȣԲŵˣһϱȴǶǹʱҶٺߵıأѵҶٺʵϱҶٺߵ˵ҶٺԺжʱֳǸĵطµӡۡ

һ״ĿһȻǱ񽣲ĿһΪԲοǸպÿ԰ڷŵҶٺеľڤ뽣ͽɽͼô
Ҷٺеľδȫѣֻǹȥǻ¯һ̬ȴǲǺϡȻָԭ͵ľǶ״İ
ǰЩǴ˼ħսеİɣȴˡ
ҶٺԺжʱȻʣȻѾˣǿߵĻȴͬ
ǳ·ĵطȷ˼¹ȣҲ˵˼¹ȣ磡ΪʵϾһ˼ͨͨ
Ҷٺ㹻ʵǿǽضϵ·ͨ˼̤磡
ʱ˿̵ҶٺֻʣһͷˣǾҪˣһôܾô򵥣
Ǵ˼ܹ磬ֺαΪһضϵ·ģһеյ㰡
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ҶٺŲǷ·޾ΣĺڰȥҪһĹԳƻߵ˵ĹȥֻҶٺһӶѾ궯ѾҶٺУ·Сһ㡣
ǰػߵĹҶٺܹ޴ĹĹ֮Ͽӡһǳܹܵɢһ˿һǿһ̣Ҷٺȴһǰδеľٶ·ʱ䶼һ˲ֹͣ
ֻҶٺվǾ޴ĹǰȻƽ侲ЦݣѾ˫֣֮ϺȻľͽɽͼҶٺҪ黹ǰλѾû屻Զѹڴ˵ı갡
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ʱ˿̣ػҲҶٺͻأľٶ÷㶣͸ɻǷ·ƺ俴Ǻεȵţ
ʵϣػߵУʮ굱пǼǧҶٺعľٶǲϵֻزϵսֻΣҶٺҲǰҶٺ׵߸֪
Ҫ֪յսҶٺǳëѪɱ񰡣⡰ҡôܹ黹أ
ǰûҶٺὫ黹ˣȻ

ʲô㣬ԼĶѵ㻹Ҫô
ҶٺһЦѾеءһһ˸ߵĹǰޱȵתҪȥҶٺУȻҶٺĶҶٺģӦû˰
οѾûжˡ
ҪԽ½ҶٺŹ֮Ի͵½֮ʱһɼޱȵİԵʱҶٺӿֳǴػߵĹд
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ֻǻߵİ̾ҶٺʱоԼһͷһ㱻һӴޱȵƣǷǻ֮Ĺķ
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ȻƾҶٺηֻܹͽ͵ĸԺһۣ·Ҫըʹ
ˡ
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ʱ˿̵ҶٺɢϢɱᣬƾħ
ҵʲôΪҸеֵĸо
Ҷٺ˻оǴһǰδеʥϢһһ乴ش·ּ⣡ػȴǲǰҶٺֻһԹԵ˵š
ˣôСӵ˹죬ǧǰʮǰԵЩͬ
ͬһʱ䣬ҶٺȻǾ޴Ĺ֮ǰ趯˫֣ÿһƻȻⷽ½ҲҪ΢΢ҡ
ӵҶٺôǷŻûӵʲôѵġȵģ
ʱҶٺ˫ڻָȻѾһʥޱȵʥϢȴԵñȷ侲ǳˡ
ͨӣҶٺڷԼԴзʲô䣬ԭԭ츳һʥޱȵ츳ȴܹ츳ϵ׺ĵ׹⣬ȻЩػ˵Ĺ֮ˡ


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ǿҲĲ⣬ȻΪǰҶٺе
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ҶٺҲ֮ʣ˵˲䣬ȴͻȻ·ǷʲôȤĶһ㡣
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磬ټûоͷҲ֪쵽δⱾӦ貣ƵʥأȴǳΪ˷·սһĴڣѣһ޴Ȼյңһɹɿֲɢ·ʱҪһ㡣
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Ҷٺ˫۵в貣·ܹǧһ㣬ǰؼ޾գߵĿѹҲ˲˰֡
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һһ׵ǺɫظֿµԹԼ𶾣аħħ֮
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Ȼһ̣Ȼǰ·ҪըĻɽһƣҶٺȻĶǰѯ
ЩνΪҪ½֮ˣңսֺ֮У
ħɨ䣬ҶٺиǴż
ҪɱֻǼ򵥲飬ҲҪ֪ԼʲôҪƿֻصҶٺҪ֪굽׷ʲô£
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ȻһƬ䣬ֻҶٺĻʾҶٺЦ
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벻½ĻҲԼı˰
Ц𽥱ñǳǻһתɱ磬ȻҪ֪ȥһУҾ͸ɣϾǻĹԶߵڶѾͳͳˣ
ĹԶߵ󣿣ڶѵҪڽع飿
Ҷٺ𺳣ʱѾܹеĸܵеӴезԽѹֵһɻԻصйս費𣬲ɣݣ
һ˫ں֮µһ죬߱ӴڱյĿֲУһ˫а۷·ǧޡ
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Ҷٺ֮ʱ϶ʱһɷУ·һͷĹһ㣬ʱһѪ֡
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ʲôǰԵ޾ǧĸַ֮·ؼķ֮۶ɣһ磬ɭĿռ䵱ķģȥεȿ£


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ȻҶٺǴʱѾܹԶֵĵɢ貹â͵ĺɫƵ磬ȴûֹǵǰ
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ɱ죬ƣ
ԭǾѶ񣬲Ѿ߳ϵս裬һļڲӣкεɭҲֻǶĴڡ


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