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ףƤ죿ŮЩöһͷˮգ۾㵵ꡣ

Ȼ˫סŰײԴʹĴһֻӿԺ·˸һ㣬ԭܶ಻ĶļԺ棬˫͸ſ־壬ҵҡԴܣܣԲܡ
һסԴײײȥ

Ů˼æǰܼվŲٴ񣬹ʴ˱ȽעԼĳƺ
һȴ겪Ȼŭ٣ŮԽԽаˣʲôһ޻ߣţһȺ񾭲
Խ˵Խŭɵýɫ˫Ŀ͵ƿǰվŵһʱδ⣬Ƶ˼

ͻȻЪ˹Ĵһ˷Ƶ˳ȥ

СӣżҰȥ׷


2 ٹѪһ
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3 
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4 ɫͷһѵ
ҪŮǲǷˣѵ£ɱ˿ﰡҲҲʣһҪиʲộô㸸ĸ
ЩſңҪƴˡ

չͻȻһʮȴת䣬ֻŮТںڵ˿ɢ־ٲ񵶣ɫ۴УһŮˡ
סŮϸ֫ƴֹǰȥ
һԵǿ亹ľŮԴ÷֮ǵӡУһֱ֪ˣȴ뵽ô׺һ棬˵֮಻Ϊ
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·ղŷһжǻþ
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ǿ׳죬ֺ
ֺߵǸסһ弸ʮ꣬δκ˽һǮûôȥǮ

СһɣִӻͳһдֵİײǺɽǮĽݣ溫ɽӡһù֤ˡ
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ϵͷλףȷд£ȷд°ɽڰǰȷҽ߰ǮҴӦʱ黹һǮ
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ģҿɲЩ䡣أԻڵϣĨźڨڨô£


5 ˭ұҲң
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ѾȫԭЩǮǽﱸµģΪɽһũ򣬼ҪɶûɶʡҲѴ浽Ǯģλϱȴɣ֪һȻ֪һӡǰһѾȫˣô˵ܹȢλˣʮĸʵƾҵ״ԼŬĻȫܴһӹ
ȻλŮȺմϺü꣬Ǿɫգ㹻˺һ㡣
ΪɽһǳҺʵ֪ˣԱŮԸ޽ǺңѾǷŮ˺ܶܶˣԣȷº󣬺ɽ;ɲܺףĪҪλϱ
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Եʮֵģĺ̫Ѱˣȫ˸Ƶá
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һִּ㵵ԼһĨľɧ𣡡
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ʵԭжʮĶģҲ洫ģͱЩ沢ˣ˵͢ؼ沢ȻⲢûʲôãü沢沢˵ҵʮĶأԭǺҵҵ
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Ϊʱڣ֮磬ɷǷǳϸģ˵Щ˼ɣɱˣˣǻǼɵٸģΪڵĹԱıǳţģǣյʱϿôŮ˾Ϳ϶ᱻ°ߵģʵ˵ףɷںܴһ̶ϣǱЩ档


6 ҹ

ȻˣǺȴôҲ˲ƺֻǽնĳ޻ǮĻɰΪū˭ҲȲΪƳһū⽨ĹңܶնΪǷǮΪū
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ȫˡ
ʵһ㣬Ҳףұκ˶ܲ˵ڵĺѾǰĺգ˵ҲŰֵղǶлλ岮Ϊ治ǿ뱨𣬿öΪ
ŶСգ⻰ͼˣǰǶӦġ
Сգģҵ¾Ǵ¡
Сգһ㡣

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ղŻǵĴǣ˲䶼Ĭ
ˡչһЦҿЦģǮѲҺյġ
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ǹϵ˺յĻǴһڻºǽǮСգΪǰյĺˮҲܵССʧҲһЩˣԼӶʮ׾ݣ±ϣʱûԣﻹǮա
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ĵǺ󣬺ջصڣվںɽʬǰ棬񣬹úðΣͻȻ쳣ɽ磬ΪʲôΪʲô㲻һǮˣһǮƣܰŪʮС檵ӣǸöѽҲҳζûӣͷһ˿Ǳ99999ƽҪ
Сգʲôǌ˿
һֻŮ˴˳
ŮˣѾȫˣŮФƣǺɽǰ·ϼģʱɽɽ񣬼Фƻ赹·ߣǾ;
ФԼǰϣģԭ;ǿȫˣһ˳
ɽҲլʺԼˣջФơ
Фƾںסˣֽ̺֣ҲǳФƵĻ춼ФߣԼʲô¶ˣѧϰˣƺҲͦϵФƱֵҲ֪ҹӣɽѰ˼ФƼ޸ա
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հ룬λ˵ŮԽƯԽΣգŮ˵ģӦںһİɣ˵ˣһ޻ߣѻǿԵΣ붼ֲܿʮƽ˵ûǮûûĸͳƌ˿
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⻰һФһǻջյģ֧֧ǡ̫СˣһŮж
ӴŮӣӲǰӾҪ䵽ͷϣǵñ롣Ҿ;ˣ˼Ҵҹ㣬ŵӶŵԼӣ㵹ãרͷӡ
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ջЩ飬ϾŮǸɱ˵ӻ֣ˣˣû˵ЩȰɽŪ˵ɡ
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СһҹҲһ˯棬һ˯档
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顱һ졣
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ФƿϵİֿۺգĿг
յ߰ɡ


7 ڰ
ߣȥ
Фһ㵵źգ·￴
ɫҲȥ֮Ҫˡ
ФƷĿһʵоȣҪߣ
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һЦɵҲҺҵˣҲֻǻеǣͷԷɣ⣬ҲģΪ㱾ͲҲ㻹߰ɡ
ФüһбƳգԭУҾˡ
ЦҡҡͷûˣӽκιϵOK
˵ţФһﲻԼֵ㿴Ҹʲôʵ֪ǺҲֻΪ˱ϣҺмＸԸɽҵԶˣῴңԼţǲûзκιϵǺҲǷʲôҺþۺɢ
Ϊӵǰյļ䣬ڼУФƸʵһԽܣǰФƸ˵ദķʽһֳദģʽûмдκŮ飬Ҳ֪ǰĺǵǹװɵ֪ںܹĸܵҲΪʲôФƻӦ޸ͷ棬ФӦú˽⺫ղǣ˾ԲʺиģȥֻбԽˡ
Ҫ֪ǰĺǳûκεģɽôô࣬Ҳңһ˺գһǳеˣ˵ֻһũ򣬵ҲԿ˵Ƕأһ㣬ںնǳɽģԽıģŮ˵ĻԸѡ񺫴ɽͷţҲѡ۲ݣΪǰĺո޷κ˰ȫС
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һּìܵΪۿԼĸʹͼѣǲĥļ䣬ּԼҲԣټɵһҲǼùģΪ˭飬ǾǺ˭һŮ˵ı磬ô͸ɴ಻ᣬԴǮߴӲȱŮˣַɫֹģǮһãľͺãŮ˵ҪͰ˸֣Ըþۺɢ⣬һɲ̸ŮʥŮ
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ҲΪˣΪûиɫʵƭӣǾǷǳֲģҲͳһҪء
㲻ôֻˣǲʲôˡ
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յͷǣû⵨㻹Ϊɵܻĺ⡣
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Фûðɵգ̫޳ˣ㣬Ұ㻹ծߣӴ޹ϸ𡣡
ֻҪܰծˣҰ궼С
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Фƺ촽΢΢ſҧһС룬׽ţҾͦóԵġ
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𣿺Щãˡ
Фֵ㰮ԲԣҲûʣʳˣӶɱҡ
Ҳԣɲ˷ѣҪȻô
Ѱ˼ΣͻȻ齣ӳŪһˮҰ˱ȫŪˮȻ๾ֻ࣬滹һЩĿζֱںҩ

ոպ꣬ͻȻ˫һģϽһסͣӲ˽ȥ
ǶģŶûθڡ
ФƽлʣһСӽأ
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ФҲ˵ʰϵͳȥ

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ոϽ齣ҴҵȥǸվһתʱͻȻһôԣվһٻӰź۳ɣһֻǰؿڣͷ¡
ۿԭҵζ⣬̱ѹˣŮ˻̵ܹģôѳԵĶܳԳһĸоȥƭ˷˲Ű
ջȻǺֺЦǰʮӥδʧ֣ոտʼͱӥۣǱӦ


8 ұ
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͸Ӧý˰Фһ⻰ʱŭˣһԷԲԲģǷôǮ㾹Ȼȥ˸ɻ㾿ҪҪҡ
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ФƷһ޳ӻ䣬ɨȥ࣬΢΢Ц㲻ϲõȥõɱ˵۸ˡ
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Фվſڣϵ£ͻȻһЦ


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10 տݼ
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ģҾԻµģĵ뿪ɣӵᶼˡأԲŹӳţȴҿ˧ˣŮûǮѽҪĹиƨðǲϤܱ߻ı׶ˡ
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11 
ÿҵԣǧһͬҲˡ
һĵĵ飬ʮƭУŸǴӲȡͬ鿪ʼģҲ˵ȡͬƭĻ˵ǻ
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12 ת
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˴ͦձ˵ģϣԭǹѽѹֳôˬϲײԽ˵OKŶððǳԤˣǰһǮδʱҲĹ㣬ȴû뵽˹ˣＫطǰ浹ùҲתˡ
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⶧һҲһǮȻƳӲ̫ͨģ˵ǸͨһЩУ˿رԭʱΪͭǮ̫ˣ̫㣬ʱҪˡ
պܼ۰ҿ۰Ҵ֮ĪҪù˸ѹȥˡ
ҪϽУǾͳɵˡ
һǮ⣬Ҳ̫һ㣬Ѿ˵ĳܷΧ
ûϷˣշǳźźַ֮࣬ǳ˷ܣɣнӹҧ£ȷĺ󣬶ʱЦ춼ϲ£
ɣ˵Ҳкͬż룬һӾ͵ȥһ롣
Ҳû˼ҶһǮȻŴȫȥҲ˵ʲô
ûϷˣ
ܶ˾뿪ˣʡÿ
Ψǽ߻վóԺյĹǳϲҲûгԹ⹷ܲЦǺǵλС磬ҪٳһǮʣµЩ⡣
Ƿɣ˴ŵȥ˰˾Žﹷ⣬ﻹʣĽӣټϰװ׵ܲȥǷǳɹ۵ġ
ҡͷУԼûг緹ˡ
ҧҧһʮģô
̧ͷŽߣүүĺô
ߵͷˮˣⲻǷϻôҲԣһôߵļǮ
Ȼ
СҰӶ
СҰ˵ͷ
̽Ц͸ǳԡ
աԥ˺һӣָСҰƬ̣żԸ̾ǺðɣˣҲռˣͶ͸ˡ
⻰ֵͦģеϵĸо⻹вռұ˰
һһǮùǮҶӶˡ
ǻ˵ζܹýǮرڻĽҰ룬ҪɳĮĻһˮܶһǧƽ


13 ԩ·խ
һһǧһʮǮȮģӹɣ
Ȼ϶ǺչƵġ
ղվԶͤЩʱЩΪʲô
ܿˡ
ԭǰЩǳˮΪǴӶϱݳǵһݾԭһľŵģɹˣǺܶĻͱ˴ȥҲǽݾڣƴ·Ļöߴ죬һ·̣¾ͲҹǰݳˣľѾˮˣҴӦܵʧˮˣԴֻǳ١
Щ˲֪÷߽ݾͱ÷ϰ
Ȼ⸽ַǳƫƧûо·̫ԶˣΪݳǽߣԺչǴĸ϶ʣ޼ʣ϶ҲһЩʵĴֱ
ֵʱ֣Ժչڱ⣬ǣྺۣȡһüǮ˵˶٣ϡΪ󡣶Щһ֪һЩǮˣôǮܹ˵ģǾԻԸ⻨Ǯ⣬ֻǮǮٵ⣬˵ĻվͲκ뷨ˣ׬ģͿ׬ˡ
Ҳϡ
ΪӦõģϾǳˮûаܵòһѡ
һᰡպСҰɽСϣϧСҰ˵ͺһ˵
ԣôóôǻóԴˡ
տСҰ̻ʵģæȰ裬ԼͳһСӡ
СҰ󣬶ʱٶȡ
ִʱǰͳһǮǮݸСҰˬǮš
ʵҲǮծҲʣһǮˣȴóǮСҰھһһ룬ΪСҰҹ˲;ƸСҰ˷ǳǮһ׬һ黨Ǯ治Ǻأֻ֮࣬ġ
СҰһ㶣漴ҡͷ
Ȼûг꣬ôҲһˣûǮС
СҰأҡͷ
Сӣ̾˿ðɣʵǮ̫ˣҷֵһò
СҰŽ˹ȥ뻳УɵЦδôǮƵãʱʱСġ
Ϊûоֲû÷ȥ˵÷ǾⶼǰԤһʱ÷ηһС¥
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ƹǰʲô
վƹвߵﵱȻǳԷѲʺ˵ͷ᲻Ⱑ
ƹһСӿͦģǮ𣿡
ն˵̨һģ̨ϾͶһСͭǮ
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û취ǮǴүƹڨڨֱЦ˭ȿյġ
ֺһţþƺòţүҲǮ
ƹļͲ󣬿Ǻĺܣ⵽ǼҵĴү΢˽ѽ²ҵͷǮţϽ϶¥
⻹治ǺװʵʮǮ˵ͬҲǷǳ࣬Ըˣûа취ǰҲӽ紵ǣȥ˰֡
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ûǮʱ˵
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Ʋһϣ̻ʣڴڵĳ
ΪͷûгˣζڳԹɽ亣ζĺնԣǷǳһ㣬һԳҲ̫еĳԾУһͣҲһͣžˣûԣڱФƵĺڰĥֱɽ亣ζԵıˡ
Ͳ󣬵ʳɲСѽưĽϵķһɨա

պһƣһĨͣ泩ѽŶСҰƺѾԳˣЦǺǵСٵѾͲǲºˣԳ˰ɡ
СҰֿһЦĶӣ˵Ҳ⡣
ʱ¥ݼͻȻһŲʮֵĳأ˶λС

ЦתͷһֻˣΪһһӣծ
ԩ·խ
ЦЦ
Ҳ˺գɫһĨȣͺֽũū֮ĵײʿôԷӴһ˭ѽûۻɡ
ţһҪ֪Ϊʲôô졣վ΢Цֵռӡֵķǳ
ңҡ
ɵ˹ǹ˵õңҾ͵ллˡ
õ㣿ߣֻˣһҾҪÿ͵Űɡﷺһ˿Цȴϻ̳ϿֵԲ𣬶Բӱ׸ˣðӣѴ̣Ѵ̰


14 Ǹ
պյǱϹϾɬӻ͸һ춯õ˵ĺռֱ֮
е㷸Ժˣĸĺգ˶ôԣѡڵĺգǸĺտ϶ǱԴˣʱƲ˵ĺߵΪҾͻˣСõңҳ㣡
רũġ
СҰһ˫Сֳϣ°ͣⷬбСüͷƲ죬¶Ĳˡ
һҪΣͲ֪ʱ˭˭أ˿գأԵӣ˲С˹źũСһʶⲻǵӵô
⵹ġ
Ҳתÿ죬бźյҲСһʶͰ˫ȸˣɲҪΪˡ
ţƤģնе˼ȴ͵ǣǡ
ĿͻȻһƳ͸һ˿ɻµƹƹ񡣡
ǡ
¥һûһͼǸƹæӣк·Ը
ƹ񣬵Ϲ˰ɡ˵һָСҲͲûǮô
ҪȲǮҵȻ˼ұ㻹ˬһЩԷǰͰѷǮˡƹ˵ӣλСѾѷǮˡ
ʲô
ԵΪ𾪣ΪɽǰҵĹũԺҵĵϸĺܣǺɽһӶûϹԷںտɻһծ񣬲ȵźգСǮծܵ
պЦЦһִļϣӣһҪ˵ˣ˵
ԭյִϣʱһҪ˵ծ£һ˿ֱ󣬰ѵСӷأѽŹȥ죬ûзƣôԷ
ĵ뺫ߵһߡ
ͻȻһ̾ӣʵҾ߯Բˣͷ̫ˣǮʱ򣬴Ҷ֮ͣɵʱԶ֮Ҿô˵ɣҪϽǮңܷɻ鶼һ¡ӷȣײӣԴǼ޶û˯žӿǴĺѽΣ֮ʣ洫ʲô˲¹ͷĹҸΪⶼ˶ˣЩˣ˭׽Ǯˣվ˵ۣ֮⣬ʵ벻˭ˡ
⻰̹ѽɲôұ˽Ǯ˶㶼㲻ҲԸǮǣǴ˵ΪѽǼӵϢѣҲǺƽʱЦС˵һ׻ˡ
˵ֱһѪ˭ҽǮŪҵŰɣӳһҪһЦʵʵѡ
һ̾һֱ˵˵ֻϧ̫ˣЩ۵ĶΪ۸ǣǿɶ񡣡
лӿ佱ֵΪҲ֮飬òŽ黳Ӱб𡣡
Ŷ˻˵
ʱ¶һе顣
Ц֪ôһ仰ûǷǮĲǴүЩڽǮʱ򣬰㵱ţͲûнϵˣ㲻ǮɣǺ㣬㲻壬ǽҪǮʱּǺ㣬߯棬Ҳ˰ѰһλĴ˸ϼѣҪ£ҿ϶
ôһЩҵʱԼ߯ίˣѽҿһֱڰˣΪȴ˵̫ƽˡһֻ֪һжյϵܣ⻰˵̫ˣ벻ҵģȻǺϵ㡣
䲻ӣҵծ
ծȻҪġ
˵ծˡҿʱɲס˳־еԲһֵϵܣģҲ㣬ֻҪջ˾С
ӻ޳ܣһǧٺݵĸҲõڲȥҪб㵹ߣ㿴һ㲻ﰵԱӣȴôˣ˴ңôܹǷˣǮӦøϽǮˣҲǮһǮҶÿţֿҺ⡣
ôǮأ͸һ˿ƣⲻǮФư
ĻŸҴñӰҲ湻ģˣһϤùϵʱˡտһ¶ʧ֮ɫܲף޵ڻ治Ҫǲ״֪ЦģһˣһЩǮ
ˣ
ԾСҰСҰűȺջҪһЩôҲһˡ
ֻϧǹû
յҪԼȰǮˡ֮⣬ͲСҰˡ
ЩźҲЩɣǺնô˵ˣȻҲö˵ʲôͷУǾɡ
ô˵ˡ
˵ЦӣԺϵܻطҪİ㿴һǮô´νǮɱܾŶ
ֻҪﻹڣҶ衣ֹһ䣬ʵﻹͦϣǮģͷ˵˵


15 ˬ
Լʱ͵ص֮󣬺վ׼СҰ뿪ˣΪɫҲˡ
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֣ͷȥһҪһЩǮԷһƳ϶ɫѾ˸߰˰ˣͷ߹ͻȻסСҰʾߵô졣
Ȼ϶һ¥µ϶ˣñӺõѽ
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һֹ̾һ˴ﰡ
ߵҲܣرˮˣŽһǮȼɱʶô㲻Ҫǣ¸㻹Ҽҽ⣬ǮҵǿԻǮ컹ˣĻŮծ
ӣС϶ôһŮɲܰ߰ˣӣٿС϶һЩӰɡʣŶ˿档
а˵һǮŪ˵ĹȥѾҲ߯ˡ
޼ּգҪ˶һҳɶϻ˵ʱǮûǮĻŮծڹ˱ӳԷ
ӣ㡪۸С϶ʶְ
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ǺաСҰȴǹûԽԽ졣
ͷͭǮ׷ȥ׷ϺպСҰܿ죬ͱաСҰԶԶ˦ںˡ
ۼ׷ˣͷͷһͭǮĿһǮɵ񣬹˰ΣһᣬͭǮ˻УȻɫˮ˷ܵȥ
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һ㶣Ǯ
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鷳ҵǲ£Ҿ鷳հֹһ䣬Ůûǿ죬ȴȻˡ
嶼ЩȥˣҲ̫αˣһ죬һףһСռҡ
е֪ĪްŸ˵˼֣֪ƨҪɤյСգ㻹ûгԷɣ˼СˣҪҼҳ˰ɡˣǷֵȴǰû˿ÿ˼
ﲻ֪ʲô˼ųԷʵҪԷˣϽȥɡҲûн⣬ǮǴģϾǰ˴æ˫ֵˣˣҼѾ˷ˣ壬ټ
˵ţǳϹ뿪ˡ
洫ĶԻ
ôѽСռǷҲǮܰһһ㣬㲻æҲˣ㻹Ǯ
ʲôǮۼСƻĺò˵ǷһǮʮǮľͲʮģ˵һȥ
۳ܣ챿ĹôĶ֣һ仰ûˡ


16 취
뿪ؼҺ󣬺˳ȥԼȥ¥Ǯ£˵һ飬ǹ֤ˣҪڳģֻ˵ʱأһ飬һ߿ţһߡŶŶŶķܺգҲΣҲ֪һӣ˵˺üʱ͵ص뿪ȵ뿪һˣϲź֪ʱ֮ɫпһˣһ𾪣Щ㤡

ǻȥǼ˯棿Ҳ˯ɣܹ黹ǵûȥģǻȥĻһֱô죿
һаٲԶһôǻţ˭һֵԶԼȴֵԼţже£͸ϻһΪϻǲġ
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մҡڵȥȻѾȥǵȻǿһ㣬ɸߵſڣǡüФƴӱϵĳ߳ɫɵһ
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ФƼջˣ˵лǴһ˿ġ
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ФбƳһۣ㻹֪£
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ФƵûô࣬ΪĺҪһӣ򲻹Ӻգһȥֻ취
ۣѡأûôպɵʲô취
ФƵһ취ǽҵȫɱˣһǾͲûծˡ

šˣһ취Ϊ˳еڶ취ľ˶ôյͷһð취ʵǵڶ취ˣ
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պѡأǺҰ׸һôȵô··ͳͨˣҵ찡Ů˵ûӰ
ФƼһ齩ӲϣΣַǳŵ˵ģôһ
бôǰưմ˰Σ漴̾ˣ㻹߰ɣһ취ġ
ФƲмһ粻ֲ̧һʫܳˣʲô취
飡
һϣŭڵФƣʲôһʫܳˣٵĬǰ¹⣬ǵ˪ͷ£ͷ˼硣
So Easy
ФĿգʱɱڣ·һ̾Ҫ⽣Ӱˡ
һŭһɱǿһĿȻ

һȭæ̧һֻ֣Ůмұ򣬺вỤ̊ϵֻƿ
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ֻϳһСӡ
ФǶӣɱʱʧӰ٣֮ɫðΣŻعæӣϸ˿Oģ

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18 ֲҹ
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ձФƵĻЦˣһǳ׵ɣ˶ƾʲôչңչȥɡ
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19 
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ǿţһŸĳŲŴһǮ治֪ôŵģҴư̫ˡ
պСҰСϣһһǮੲݡ
ԭղźֻװȻڵԾƾǳУղʵûкȶ٣϶⵹ˣǰȺˣԭֻһͣǼǮкϣǶ⣬װҪվڴ򣬾Ǽкʱ˳ǣкǮ˹Ϊһ߶Ҫ΢ĩûУǻƨѽ˳ǣıһУ͸ѧABCDһ
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ΪںУһǮҲУһǮһʾ޿ˣԵô׵ľͰǮˣΪոеˣҲûɶˡ
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21 һŮ
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аֵ֮Ҫ𣬲ʵаҲк̵ܶȺƾֵĿ֡
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ˣˡФֻҪһյıԹ;ûͣһؿڣΪ⺫һԹͬòοԹŭһȻˣԺԼϴ·ˡ
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յͷɲ˵ˣ޷Լϴ·ӣУŰɣȥˡϣôԴЩȱ
Ŷ
ФͻȻ͵һ𾪵㻹
ۿҪҸȢλʳ˼̻Ů𡣡Цһȥˡ


22 л
Ů
治ǰ
رǶФƶԣϾ˼Щǲ죬⺫ʲôʱѧأ
ǰⶼǺɽһȫյͬһˡ
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˻СǼФֻշ̣ȴͻȻ鲻Խĳ˳飬㰡һֻðıʵɫпɼ̡
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Թ˳ţûдԸҪǸԸФƣȻֻһΡ
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Фһǰͦϲֵģⲻ֪ǰĺҲֻϣ׽׽ǰϣһгϢˣΨһĳ·

յٺˣּûǮûϵû㿼״ԪҲûʲôá
ˣܹڱФۺգҲ״Ԫ
٣С˲ǣȻûж飬Ҳǿʫ׵ģ浱һǰĺհĲģ䲻䣬˫ȫΡպߵһмȥˣʫôⶫҪѧ𣿡
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գһũСӣʱҲ͸һ˼ʮ궼ûпԵѧ֣Ŀһʫȫôʫ̫˼ˡ
ȻФƶԣ١
ղ˵Ҫ̺֣޷ǾһһӣΪǷʲôɲãȷóģóʫʸ踳Լ󣬵źǣûװɹúպݺװһرơ
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ܲףΪʼͺյĹϵǴФƽ̺ʶֿʼģʱĺվФƼֱŮƯѧʻôãⲻŮʲôФҲƴӣȻڵĺҲФŮƯҲᣬҲᣬŮʲô
ңʱĺպФҲǾ䣬һܣФһڹŴҸܣǺѵģҲФƴӦ޸յһԭȻܲҪԭ򣬵һⷽء
㣬˭һѾܱ乥һǷǳԵ֣ͺФƵԸˣҪǲǵϡˡ
ۣôȣǲǿҰ
ЦǺǵ˵
Ф͵һ⡪ģ
˵أҲҪе٣츳ˣҳȥתתڼҺš
չһЦȥ
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ûȤ˵СͲ飬Ϊ˱ФƾϽȣǻ˵ѧʿɲŶΪĹУرЩթĸʱѧϰרҵ֪ʶΪðɸְҵʿô˵ɣȻûСѧûϹ˼ҵıҵ֤װģȻûһġ


23 Ů
ڼ䣬Ƽղء
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׽֮˾Ϫһѻ𣬽㿾˳ԡ
͸ظˣЩСصǰʱ洫ϡһФƵĪһæſڣֻФϣͷŪԼָڸʲô

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ܿһͰФǰڵģðװ׵⣬лƽҲˣɰФƸжˣǲûгԹˣζһů⻷ͷ̷񶨸ղŵǸ뷨Ůá
ФƳԵ˽ζ⵹úԸΣ⼸СҰ⣬ĲˣФڼҪôźڰҪôǸɰͰ͵ĺȻɲ˵пܻᷢұ


24 ݷҩ
ڶ磬պФ˵һ׬ǮȻźɽһƶҾͳȥˡ
ڣСҰȺˣ˽ȥ
ݳԶһɽϣɽӲСǲߣɽ·ǳƽأһõطΪⶫϾйأɽϣƣڸɽĶ壬ǹȥѽո㣬ܰţ̫ˣһطۡ
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΢ñܣǰȥǰվһŻɫɮСɳ֣һպСҰˣ˫ֺʮʵʶλʩ㣬ҩ
⻰еŵŶȻ㣬ҩȥҽԺշʵΣҩָΣ
Сɳֵʩģֱӵǰ㣬ʩҩȥԺҩ
ԭ죬ܶ˶ĽйĶɣһСɳڴ·ǷǳбҪġ
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ЦǲһҪҩȥԺ
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԰ؿ϶ںԺ
ǺִСҰԺȥǰСɳԣȥУȻֲٺд߹ǳз֮⣬ûκν
ǰԺеԶ߸ʲô㹦򣬿ɼҲǲСѽԺһεʯţǰվվСɳ֣һľ壬дšϽ
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֪һʮа˾žλžŵƵķɴʦˡ
бϣΨһһͭ񣬴һߣڸбųϣ̧磬ָĴָ΢ϣͺյͦϤģͭǰͭɾС׼ˣȫһġ
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վվ̫ˣΪҶȶģСҰںţȻ۾ġ
һֻһŮǰ̨¹ڵأһݣÿһףְһݣףһݣȵ̨֮ϣǾŵƷߵһо˹֧ȼ㣬Ůӹͭǰ˰ݣֽݻǺУȻ˫ֺʮĹݡ
Ǻнӹ֮󣬾Ͳڱϵͭ棬߳һжһḷ̌ΪñȽԶʲôɼһЩԲԲĶӦǵҩʲôġ
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հֹһ䣬ּǺн̵ݸǸˣ׽ӹ֮ͭ߾̡
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ǷͻȻһ̾Ϣһֱ˵˵ʩǷԵ
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²Ҳ¶ϧ֮ɫ׷ҡͷ
⸾˲̵֣ݻǺУһһݷɣ̨뿪˺Ժ
ΪʲôҲûзԺֱĿǰҲûпһȻֻܼĵȴ
ܿ죬ڶλʿȥˣһ뺫һС꣬ͬҲǹϽףǰλһģһҲ泯ͭ񣬸߾̡
ͻȻ䣬ֻһ΢СӰӷͭ񣬲ƫ÷ɵָĴָ֮䣬ԭָͭʹĴָûȫϣм仹һ϶ȥ÷ȡȡеҩ衣
žԺһƬȻݡ
ּǷ˫ֺʮ΢΢ӷ𣡹ϲʩԵ
ƺԵ쳣ݣǷɻﻹֱ߶ţллɡ
ںĺգ㶰ΣͻȻ۵һһסͣ΢ĩҲ˼ó٣ҪȳңǿԴɱķأƳʱһлڳҵ
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깧ĽлȻ̨ס
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һ㣬յûпףתͷȥСҰ峺˫ۣɵͭȵֻգȥͰСҰ
СҰ΢΢һתͷãȻźա
ǰɣѵСҰҲаˣøϽ뿪ָָ⣬Ȼ뿪


25 
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ΰ˫ֽأƺʲôƷﲻϵظ߶һ仰ɫԵʮ˷ܡ
¿తգҩһʱľᡣ
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ȻһӦȴԼҲײ֮ˣǹĻ֮ֻзǽһҩҩŴ˿ǰ֮ϣϡ
ֻһ꼶ԼСڵϣһؿڣƺʮʹࡣ
ϻһʮ꣬꼱æ
ΰǶˣȻʶͬøղԼߵּҲδ·ԵԼײ˱ˣǼæ߹ȥѯʵλС磬ǶԲסⶼҵĴǸ
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ΰͷ˷ܵС磬ҸոΪĸҩ׼ȥ
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Ҹˣ㷽֪˵֪ҷԵǷ񣿡
ΰҲ֪֪
Ŷ
㵵ε֪
ΰںԺһǷԵ񡣡

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ΰҪȥԺ󣬵ʱŵƺлһҩ裬ҩǰ˵֮Ե񣬱ȥҩ裬ʱŵƺбҩǣ㲻ȡҩ衣
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ҩѽǮ˵޼۵ģǰѼǮˣôѰտɾֻЩ˼Ҳ𣬵Ǹ˱Ͼ٣ĸ˸֮٣ֻԸ˵Ļ϶࣬ԻÿЩİա
ҩñˣôҩ֮ˣԾͲҪǮһƸ͸ˣŶƸ˼⾳Ҳǳ͵ҪýǮˣøİŷܵǮɣ֮Ǯǹؼڣһ㣬һǮ֦ȴǮʮǮǮɾͷ˽ʮ
Ҫ˵ǮʵҲ࣬ҲǮѣԵģղҲ˵ˣյ򣬶һֻܲ㣬һ֮ǮҲٰΪÿõǮ࣬ҩ֮˲ûǮʱ򣬸޴ӲԼĲƲڱʳ
ҸЩҩİնһֺʧܻܵԼԵǻ᲻ϵȥ㣬ϣܻķԵ
⣬ע˵û˵ǰ˵ԼĲ飬ôŵƺоͿԸҩߵĲ飬жϳǷܹκĲӶǷҩһҩЧˣôܿͻһʮʮ٣İˣԽ࣬Ȼ׬Խ࣬ҲԽ죬ܶ˼ҲĽˣЩ˼ҾһǮɹЩ˻һˡŵƺпǰϸˮϷ浽쾫£ҵС
СҰСüͷͷͻȻһ
һ֪ҪʲôЦСҰסˣϸûʲôɷУ˿ɲݣʮа˾Ŷƭԣ仹ҿ϶ҲѾ˸߰˰ˣӦڴʯ֮ɵģҩǲмŵƺоô˿ɾȣôһмҩ裬ҩ̸߽߸߾ʱ־ͰѻмҩУ˲֪ΪǾзġ


26 ֮
ȻŵƺоҩŪ飬װŪΪƣԵΪƣƭֵĹؼڣΪҩͱû۷Ե۷Եֱ㣬ȻףǶıԣʵǮ࣬ձôһƣֲˣֻɵĸŵƺǮһһ
ò˵һ䣬ȺЩüҩֱӿɹƭ˾Ҫˡ
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СҰ£źա
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һֱੲ˵ͣһŽɵı顣
˵Ҳ֪Ǳġ
΢΢üü͸һ˿ǡ
ǽýƭǮĵطҲɳܵĵطΪɱ;дԣһɹһʮʮ٣ƭɱӣҷչһģ³͢Ҫֹ¶ȫΣǷǳģƭֱҪɱҡУڻֻˣǺ֪ܿ죬÷󲿷ָŮᱻ
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ַǵݣһ˻Ҫ׾һЩȥˤ߰˴κ󣬺ʵǿȥˣⱿ׾Ҳ˼͵ⲻǻС͵ô˳ЦǺǵҪҪҰ㡣
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СҰҲһźա
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նһƣС侹ȻаѲ񵶣ĵ׼ĵֵͦġȡ£ֻѩȻǸոĥģղüͷƺ򵥰С͵ĻһǳȻô׾ǵһξͰѵĥôɱ˵ġ
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԰ǲֲ֪Žֵܵİ
Ҿͽܵܡ
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㶣ɽϵܣܵܵĵܣ
Сӵͷ
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̲סǺЦִȤ㲻ỹиƣֳɡ
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շ°ۣ񵶵ݻȥӱ׾֣веһȫκΣԡ
ܵܽӹǵøղǽʱ˳ͻȻղ˵
յͷֻ㣬ʵҪǸǽȥȫɽǽߵǿôϣȻǽڡ
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ס⻰ôЩ찡
СҰգգ۾ͻȻգѵܹδ֪


27 ˼
յȻûδ֪ı죬ΪһǧŸ֣Թɫıǿܱ̽ҪЩΪغ˵Ǳܣ̽Ļ鲻ҲҵãΪһǧˣĹУһһʶغŪþ͵ýˣⷽ츳Ȼǲö˵
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Ҳ֪ܵʲôҲôȥ
ܵ˺աСҰ֣Ȼתȥˣÿ߼͵͵ͷһۺգоǲᡣ


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ͺ¿йϵǺջĺú˼˼ˣ˵Ϸƺͺ¿κϵֻϷȱΪз̣ǰûʱҲȥݷֻųȥ£һŵƺеĹϵӦþǶǷ̽ͽ
ңҵĵλǮ٣ҪŪЩǮСϷҲ߼ںնԣһϢ
ЩϢ󣬺վСҰͻȥˣɫѾˣٲȥɾ͵ҹ·ˡ
ֻǽϱʱڻؼҵ·ϣԵ÷ǳĬ˵СҰֲ˵Ե÷ǳ
Ȼվ䣬תͷһʵʲô
СҰͻȻڳһƣ漴Сһġ
㶣̫ȷ˵ֱӲ𴩾ŵƺеİϷ
СҰ͵ص˼ͷ
Ҳֻǲ²ѣȻʮа˾ŲһǣǿɾͰԼȥˣ̫ðˡҡҡͷֵֻһλᣬҲһܻܶԷıֻһ˶ѣûʵԿԣҪôͲ֣һ־һҪһ㣬ΪǺ£˵岻ݴǣѱܲܰ׸ɻɣһôлȡӦóܹͣһ˫á
СҰ˼ĵͷһѯʵĿ⿴źա
յа취ûУ
СҰͷ
ҡҡͷʱû뵽ͺ¿½ҲǷǳ̰ģѶԸģΪǮȥϵ
Ϊǧ֣һҪննǸĿƣǮŮˡһֽһģҪͶãնϹʲôǰ״ǴŵƺһǳСĽˣ׷Ĳһϸˮû㹻նա
Ҳŵĵط
ղžһֱ˼ն£Ϊն޷ȷôʲôǿ̸նΧڵģڿɲںˣںһǳǿŶӣʲôԽֻܿԼˡ˼УǼһһһ־ˮ飬̧ͷһ֪ʱͷͻȻһƬãҪˡ˵䣬ϽҴϡ
СҰͻȻ䣬Сָǰ
˳ȥֲԶһ䷿ݣǶ˼æǱȥ
ǰŸոսڣ
հͳˡ
˿£ﾹȻҲһСƺѾķ˺ܾą̃Ͼǻҳ֩Ȼֻķϵûͭ񣬱ϾڵͭǻңҪеĻҲ˸͵ˣһʯͷ̵Ĺ񣬶ҷǳСҲһߡ
ͻȻ䣬ǹʯԴƤһͷÿ˶޵ߣ޷ҲõĽӣֻҪǻˣһ㡣
Ƥɲ˼ҿƴѧҵĸ߲޵ľѧնһڣһֱƤ츺ġ
ֻҪǻˣôһ㣬ǾŵƺҲ⡣
˵˵ţͻȻǺЦҲǱȻֻںı棬δıȥ˼е㲻棬ҪƤ⣬һ뵽һ㡣ͺ¿һҷǵ㡣
һǧֵĳѾںԺγˣʵľ飬ֻҪն趨ˣĶǳ򵥡
СҰվʯǰɵǺǵֱЦ棬յ䡣
תͷСҰǺǵ˼գͺ¿Ȼٽ֮ΪԼıһĲģźˣò˶ãͻ᳢Ӧġ


28 ּһǰܼ
ÿ죬ȥҲ죬һٷվͿʼˣ͸ˮڴϣͬϴһ㣬ʮ峺Ư
աСҰҲûֻͣڳʱƳʯ¶һĨЦ
ص÷ʱǰʱ֡
ԶԶǰվһˣⱾһҸ£Ǻȴ̾˿⻹һ鷳¡
ˡ
ФƼջʱЦ绨
ò˵ФЦķǳÿ촽ݣԣǺȴǵڣǼ鼴
һ仰ͶʱФеŻһĨ΢ЦӲϣĿȴдһ˿顣
նҲûֱڣ齣˫ͷȣŽű
Ƭ̣Фƾ˽ֻһˮϣһĻ϶˰ɣȵˮɡ
»Сֹһ䣬ֻһ
ںֲ䲻ȵ̬ȣФҲѾϰΪˣϣһͻȻʵȥŴˡ
ҡҡͷûСȥͷ̧ˡ
̧Фƴº￪ʼֹˣȥ̧ĪҪѹˡ
ͻȻһɣôƲô
ҿûô˵
ФƱ˼΢죬ֵ׬˶Ǯ
ʲô
ᵽǮյǽ
Ф˫Ŀ⣬С˵񹤣Ůڳּҡ
ʲô˼ЩԺ
ФֵûǮôּҰ
ղ̫ȷƾôȨ
ôȨ
Ǯ
ФСƵֱͷ
۵һǺЦ
ФһЦô
պǺǵ㷹·ϴ·ּңǲ֪ɻˣ˵Цҿģ
Фƺߵ⡪ǰûҲûϴ·ҲŬѧϰ˵ֲҪǮֻǰţ׬Ǯȫˡ
˵˲ܽѽûжռȨûǮôȥ治һǮ׬ٻ٣ķˣɲܱѽԭһھܾģ뵽ʲôƵãͷðɣּʲôľ˵ˣҲҪеǮϡ
˵žʹӻóһǮϣһǮ
Фƾȵһ׬ôࡣ
˵ǣǾֲǵҺü׬Ǯûûȫŵˡ
Фˣʱúͦ׵ģһҲУܲ԰ɣûĻҪֻǱһˣǮѾˡ
зִġ
յͷֵŶҽѰһûЩǮһ־ǸҵĶ𣬵ǿµóȥ졣
ФƵʲô
赭дڼﶼˣ׻ý˰ٲŬɻʱǾ͵ȥηˡ
ФҲǣַǳĵɲɿĪҪƭˡ
ƭҲͱƭһءԭѵ䣬ɼҲһƬʵ⣬ߵĻջû˵ڣͷˣˣ֪ˣŮ˾ǆ¡ȥˡ˵ͻȻתͷ⼸Ͼ԰ɣǵģһŮԽ
˵ţͳȥˣǲФƣдͽ٣ФƶڲƽĻҲ
һĵĻƫŴ̶ФƲƲ죬ͻȻ˫üһ̧ƺʲôת׷˳ȥ
ףǰˡ
׸ףۣѾʣˡһŲ̧ͷһɼФƳǰһָ׸׵ȥ

Фû
ҲǸһЩ𣿶Ҳ
Фͨ죬Σŵҡ롪ѧ
ĨһΪʲôФƸղŻԵˣֵ̧̧ˣˣҲ˵ˣѾ֪ˣѧǲǣ
ФƵͷ
óֲۣ֪һٷöۣȫǲǣ
Ф͵صͷ
Ȼһ˻ӵĶǲǣ
ҳһڣûӡ
ФС˵
ðɣ˵ˡ
ЦŵͷȻȫˡ
ФƲӶ͸ˡ
ˣǰ˵ʲôţʲô񹤣ŮʲôȥˡͻȻ˵
ּҡ
Фʶ˵ڣһڣʱ˶ˡ
ǳּҡ
ЦЦôڰܼҰ
ФСҲǸոѧϰּңЩӾͺˡ
ŶҪЩӰΪѵûôǮܰ
ФƼæģ´Ҳˡ
ˡյô죿
ФƵм
Щûгԣ
Фҡҡͷ
ʲô
Ф鲻ԽǷۺ񾱡
Ů˾ǺηʥôԽԽĥҵİ찡ҵȷɵаûкѽϸһ·ò̾˿ڼҵţȥ㷹
ФӦһͻȻֵϻǮ
ۿַӦô죬ϴǲϡתֺЦФƣȴǷǳʵФƣʵ˵ǧߣҵĻеǮôһλŮв
һᡣФûκԥ
Ҳ̫Ҫ˰ɣնʱЦˣȷ̣пܻᡣ˵ţ˳ȥΪФƵһžͺݺܼҵҪҴĹһȹȥˣˡʵѾŬѹԼеŭˣΪ¶ԼŪзˡ


29 Ͷʯʲ
Ưܵô
ܣ
ҲֻôοԼˣΪФȫ£Ҳһŵˣֲֲϴ·£мұ
ʵղ±£˶᷸ģԼҲ⣬¾º£ΪΪѣɣԷҲһ⣬˵ȥɣֹԼһأίԼФǰѺŪȥз
ʲôּң
ĻФƳּңҷǵûˡ
գ
⣬¶ҪСģĪҪڼһˣмǲҪ̣
ٳǰФһĵźա
һ̣һλޡ
ȷʵ΢΢üһУʵںСʱرĸ׸ȥһڼ䣬ǳֹػĲǹػǲпʵ䳰ȷ׷򣬴ʱʼͱЩ°ףҲҪκ˵Ĺģܹĺܺá
ǸŶӣƤ΢һ㣬ҲһйļһֹĵĻͲܣһ䡰㻹û֮󣬾͸ظңģϾҵȤ̫һȵһ٣Żһ𣬺ȺȾƣƨʲôġ
Фǳͨһػ֮ȴڲ䴥˺յ飬̾ͱһиˡ
£
üͷһͳˡ
Фƴԭأԭﺫ·˫ͣڿУио¶У֪ĲֹػֻίԼһ⣬ȴ˽ǰĺտɲģҲ֪ΪʲôջİΣһ̾ȥˡ
ڣСҰأϵһޣҲ֪ΪʲôСҰϲϣҲûжʣҲֳʽȽɣҲǳʺְҵؼֳ񹤵ĸоֻѪҺڣ֪ôģǱϣǳϲһ뵽Լ첻Ｋ˷ܣֻдһ˿ܿͱѡԡ
뿪÷֮󣬾ȥܼҡ
СգܼңܼܵպСҰ˷ˣϽڣʵ֮һֱǳºǾһȥˣȴû뵽ڶպվˣɵöлǳ갡
磬СҰˮ
ܵĵˮ
ЦŵͷҲɡ

ܱܵ׾齣ţʷʵ϶΢Ц
ź棬ô˸ʲô
ܵͷɵЦҲ֪

һ
СҰҲʼįֿ¶һɵЦ
찡Ҫ𡣺ͻȻһֲԤУǰĻǶǷǳǿġ
ӢƤ죬ƴѧıҵѧʿĦŮӵһһ׼ʥСձҰųţҪһ쵽˵仰У˵ΪŮ˾ͺߵ˵ͷĿѣԲҪʱ̣ԸӡȰͶȻδ꣬ȴһţֱӴձAV˾ȡɫƬı˳ҡ³˹У½սӵ۾ˣóѻ͸񶷣óľǶǮҲǶǮפţǵ䣬桢ʲôĶǺո𣬻мǺݽɫΪŶӵǿ󣬲ͳǴδʧֵļ¼Ϊһеһ񻰡
ȻһУΪ񻰣Ǳܶͨ
ȽܵܺСҰֱˣСҰȻãǲ˵ܵȻ˵̫׾ˣԼ嵥ݣ磬ҲһѺ
Ŷǰǰ̫ˣ
磬ǲ뵽취ˡ
ܵҡŴȣһڴʵ
Ŷ㡪ǰɡ
տʼЩ̫ˣתһ룬ǰԸˣɶ൱ѪǾŵƺȻַϸرǶϸڵİգվһƴˣԺվ֪ʶĲӦÿֲŶӵȱݣ˵ҲûܵܡСҰ̫ܰæܵܵļֻʮ㣬ͻȻ㲻Ǹոγôô֣Ļʳܺô
ܵԺߵҡҴСˮҲ֣ܳС֣ҲСְɡ
ҲӦһŵɣ֬˰ֻôοԼˣֵȣҪȷĿꡣ
ȷĿꣿ
ܵܵǱô
Ǳģеǵı֣Ϊǵְ𣬵ԵðԼΪڶѽڱ֮࣬ŪǮǾ͸ˣ˵ǲǣ
ǵȻǺáôŪǮ
ʵúá
Цܼ򵥣Ͷʯʲơ
Ͷʯʲƣ
ܵܡСҰһãȻ
ͻȻСҰСҰҪİæ
СҰźա
յٰС͵ȥתһȦһҪ˷֣Ҫͺ¿ûаգ
СҰûκԥʹĵͷг˷ܡ
͵£ܵܵ٣ԼҲǻҪ˷֣ûˣ磬Ϊʲô
Ժͻ֪ˡ
СҰʵСҰǲаգ
СҰǳ϶ĵͷ۵Сŵɡ
յͷǺãסˣֻҪ˶Է̳ɱ̰棬ɲǿЦġûж˵ӲҲ˵СҰǳģСһ϶ƽأ£죬µΧǽɵľͿȥҲûܹ׷
СҰҲǳĵ˵ͷ
յǺãȥԸȻúϢһ£ǻкܶҪ

ʱ֣⾡Ϩ𣬱Ͼһ۵ҪϴȥϢˣֻӻ΢΢͸⣬ܵ˵һƬ
ֵ¸߷ʱ
һСӰһôɵԾ¡
ɽһôϣһӰ»վһֵĺӰ֮ǺգµȻܵܡ
ðΣ
ʲôˣ
ˣˡ
ȥ淽ɡ
һһֻһ
üͷĿ͸һ˿š
ֹƬֻ̣ȼһЩѣЩŽкƶ£һš
סĪҪС͵ˡ
ãС͵ǽˡ
׷

ܵȻûΪǴµ棬ҲܿһЩһЩѾ磬СҰѾˣǿ߰ɡ
Ҳ֪СҰѾ˿Ŀȴڣٵȵȡ
Ƭֻ̣ѼºԺһ䷿ǰ
ʱСҰѾܵĲӰϾ棬ǾСҰ£ЩɮĶ֡
ȻСҰǿȴҲǴΣգֻԭеĻѷɢѻź
ܵܽŵ磬ˣ˳ˡ
ĿһԺڣѵҲ´أ
ֵܵ磬ǵˣȻˡԣѹɴ˿ɼЩѾԽԽˡ
أԲĿԺ
Ȼ䣬ǰµĴܱ߻ζֹһͻȻ
һ׼뿪ѰĶˣѾֻжʮಽԶˣɵһͷһֻܵѾһݴˣΪʵ̫ˣյҲһһϡ
ۿԽԽաܷܵ׷ס˺
ʱͻȻ
ʲôˣ
ɮѰ׷ȥ
˿СҰһﻹͦ
Ҳ֪ղһСҰǡ
Ǵ˵ز˾ɮԶȥ󣬺̴ȻܵȥɽѰСɽȥˡ


30 Ū
СҰСҰ
ܵܶԼǰС䣬һԵķ
֨ѽһ
Ŵ
ֻһСӰڡ
СҰ̫ˣȺͺ¿ˣת
ܵһСҰ̼ĳȥ˫ֱסСҰ
֮˼ΪʮʹЩУСҰЩתȻʮֿģֱ׾СҰȥ磬СҰʮĽҲǳСҰʴ˱ֵʮּ
Цҡҡͷ˽ȥһˮһתʱܻܵСҰʹתţַʵİӶСҰСǺ֬ȥˣƼСҰСҲǳɫƺЩ۵ļˣæˣˣСҰˡ
СҰǱܵһѹȵЩȱػҡ˼£ɱ˵ֻܾıܵš
ܵڷӦˣԲСҰҲǹģֻһʱ̫ˣǧҵ
СҰЦҡҡͷʾûϵ
ܵܺٺٵҾ֪㲻ҵ
СҰʵСҰû˰ɣ
СҰҡҡͷ˷ܵЦݣƺľȤ
ͻȻСĺյֱۣտʱСȭӶ£ָָµڵķ
ûףãȻҡҡͷ
СҰƺЩЩֻӶ˼ȭʹһɨ
žžž
ܵƣСҰù򣡡
ʲôСҰʹҡͷȴǸż
ܵһ£ú׹˵лṦˡ
СҰʹĵͷȻֻ˻ȭС¶һ𾪵ӡ
ֻ
ֲȷ˵
СҰʹĵͷ
յͷҲû⣬׬Ǯ뼸ֻԺҲϡƽҪûеĻŲˣЦû£ĸҲûйϵֲǿȥ˶٣ֵʱȽϽϢһ¾ͳɡ
Ŷ
̳ҹɫٶȳȥˡ


칫ϡԲºܿͱ˿ƮıƸסˣֻ¹Ʈ
ݳһСϣӰһһʯС峵Ӧһ˶ӰС峵Ӱһеš
ܵܣͣܵܣ͡
ֻһѹ͵סغ

ƹһ࿲󣬷ֵӰЩͻȻ磬ѽ
ѹ͵صôأ
ΪʲôһƣȴԿš
ѽ㿴ģٿҺСҰģȻѽ͵ʱ
Ŷ
ǷֵӰ
ǺաܵܺСҰ
ܵȻɶȲаСǸܸܵΡ
ԭֻ׽Ūܵܣ֪С֮񣬷ԵЩھΣСҰһۣ漴˷ǳĬܱܵϣľǰߡ
ܵʵҲʲôǽƻʵԼһƣҲνΪֻҪաСҰѣǱĸڶºաСҰ뿪溫յ˼աСҰæĵһӦǸеɣǾԼ¶ʮֿģǺЦһа
СҰЦˣҲ¶һɵЦֻϧЦġ
һռСһɵЦһǰ;ǰһ־ʮֿ֣·һ˻Ͳӵеͯ棬ֲͯź
磬ʯȥҼҸɶ
ܵһʵ
ɲͨʯרԸͺ¿ģͺ¿ǼľͲˡ
˵ɷ¡
ܵȻ񣬵Ƕ֮˵ʹţ磬ͱƭˣϸûʲô񡣡
ףСʲôʱôһҲ׹أЦ㻹ţſˣһͺ¿ԭα¶ɷ
ܼܵԽ˵ԽаЩţô
˵Ų㣬ʱƺˡ
ȵܵЩˣȴֲ˵ˡ
ܵգգۣƫƫ˼֣ݺݵֻҪͺ¿ɷ˵ʯˣ涼С
û棬˭Ƶö
ǵҲǡܵܺٺЦ˼ͻȻߣС磬ҷָ£
ʲô£
СҰδ˵
Ѿڲŷ֣һĹ۲һ˵
˵䣬ɵСҰСһﻹڹʹƳȫȻ֪ܵ͵а׬ǮһðСҰⲡκá
ܼܵɫأΪԼʴˣŵͷȥȫע
ĺһʱǻصܼܵҡ

⳵һͣ˾ͬʱ̱ڵأڴڵĴҪ֪ĺջδʮ꣬ǶԻ治һɵĻ
˳һվͷԸ˯
СҰܵ˯Ĵ󴲣һ˯齡
ԭѾ۵ĺϷ˼£ȴôҲ˯š
ѵϴ
ⲻѽڴ϶˯ţûϴ˼ʱԺͻȻðһ˵Ӱ
٣񾭲һ֡
͵ҡҡͷȥ˺һ˯
ʱȴѾҪˣһҲ֪һûУһ۵һЦ˳ֻСҰܵ§һ𣬶˯ʮˡ
ʵǷǳµĺӣû飬ò˱˴ˣȻǳģҲͳôܰһ档
ԭǵĺռһĻȴЩˣЦЦûдǣϴһͶԳȥˡ

硣
ȵջʱܵܺСҰƺո˯ѣһ۾һߺһ䡣
ֻµɵվţæ
ܵʹֺۣտһ鲼󺹣ţ˶ˡ
ܵܡСҰȥһ̧һǣҲмʮأ˺鲼̧ڡ
ѽˡ
ֱǰ˵ЩԱҲãҲãҪǻȥѧѧʶûпԱˣͱҲãҲˣУУ̫ˣһúöȻһ档
ܵĹĹĵ鲼磬ʲô
ջ˼ŵƶӡ


31 ڸ
Ϧ£ȻɫĹ͸Ʋ㣬ֱأĻһ׳缴ʼ
СҰҸ㣬վ￴ϼķǳǰҵڵʱ򣬾;￴ϼΣҵʹ˵¡
ܵһһţһִСҰļϣӶȥűﻹߴ˵ûûˡ
СӵһҲͣЪ
СҰҲǱߣıСܵ˴ɽ·ŲЩˣСҲ̣ӲǲһȻҲӲٿ԰ܵƿûô
ǺĺЩȥˣǰܵܵĸ첲С֣ǰִСҰϣڳ壬ĪҪѹɰˡ
ܼܵæĵСҰǲѹأ
СҰҡҡͷ۵ȷȴǱ΢Ц
ûоͺáܵظֵСҰɵöһ㣬û˵ô̫ˣó׳һ㣬ԺҪ׬ǮҾܶԣҾͿԴˡ
ȻҲʮˣһֱڸĸĺǻ£Ǳһͯģ˵ҲǱС档
ⲻǹô
һЦϣܵˣҪһЩʱ׵̫࣬ẦԼ
ܵܵ߶˾һ߹ɽϵһתǰһƬźüĶ˵ء
磬Ǳ߾µĲˡ
ָܵǰĲ
աšһʵɽʱͷһƬ滹ŲˣʵС֣֪һµĺʲôʱｽһˮ𣿡
ܵܵϻһΣҲһΡ
һʲôʱ
ҲõʱԺɡ
֪֪ʲôʱš
ǿɾˣ̫ûгͿˣǰҵ˵ܶ˸ʲôһ㡣
ܵ˵ţͻȻʵ磬Щʲô
ЦΪڸǾŵͺ¿

ܵܡСҰһȵźա

һϡҹ²һǣֻӰųͷ

ڶգ컹СҰ¡
ľѺһֻ漷ˣκһʱ˶Ҫࡣ
Ҳס
ݷ𣬳ϣԽȻԽֳܱģүүһ˯ѣŵĵһζȻӡ̣ԲǴԵĽǶǴӷߵĽǶһ㶼ǷǳҪġ
ǾŵƺҲǾҵҵ춼ûо
ɣһҲôûİ
ид
պСҰһ㣬𿴺մӲ𣬵һ棬Ӿ͵ƺѰʲôһĿͻȻЩ棬¶һ˼顣
һſڵĴͲ
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˷׷׻ͷȥֻһɫɮмææܻؽеɣɣˡ
Ǿŵƺз˽к⿴ȥһɫɮĺУüͷɫɮʵһЩӵģϴꡢͰֲˣרЩµģλǼ䱰ˣȻ׬ǮĻƽʱܣǳĵ
г⣬˼ĳ㣬Ҫ侲ҪΪˣд󺰵ĳɺͳ
ǽ˼ĺУɣɣȥǱߡǱߡ

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˼ڴڴóܵĺܼ
˵˵һˣóȥǹС
Ҫ˵ŵˣһԵŮǳ˼
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ŵƺƺԼѾ˻˫ˡ
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ŵƺȷԼûüͷһ磬ں˵ô
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˼ĳˣһҹ֮͡ͳͷ
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ŵƺ˻棿
ǧȷɡ
˼ɫеҺ˼׼ϲˮͻȻпһʯͷɴǹȥһ־Ȼͷ񣬻һˣ˼ţǰȥһ֪
Ӵ

֮
ȺеĺͻȻҡ²ӣһϣû˯ãЩۣĿȴʼŵƺС
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һ˺ƺƵȥ
žŵƺеıӰ¶һ˿޵Ц⣬һȥɾٲ֮ذ


32 ʥ
泤ӣӣϡƽϡˣǳδţδ޷ǸȳӶҪϡһЩ
ŵƺЩͽǺƺƵ˵أ·ϴѾ۷׷ˡ
еĺգǵһ˿ϲϵüҡ
˴Լһ㹦˲˵ء
ɣɣ
վڲ˵һмŵˣּĺš
ŵƺ˹ȥ
ϣ
һ˼е
ֻһһǾаʯͷպ¶ӣϻһѾˣ˵βճһ͡
ŵƺֻĿһɨ˼˵ͺȵдװŪƭĺλʩ˵Ǻξģ
˻һΪ֮һ˽Ȼֹ
յһƽ֮ɫƺԤϵŵƺлַӦˡ
˼˼û뵽ŵһûмǣŵòڵأ˼ӿɲɡ
˼ӸҶ췢ģаԣú

˹ڲ棬ԩ
ʱԱһũ˵ɣⲻȥģ񳤳ġ
ǰ⿴ǳġ
вֵصмҡ
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ŵƺһһۣĿֳ˼˼˵ģǣǴӵ泤ģ
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նȺͻȻܼ򵥰ڿ֪ˡ
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취
ǶˣղǸ֪ڵǿһ򱶡

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һ򱶣۲٣ûô󰡣УҶǷͽҲôݰɡ
пЦãһȷǴȻҵĻ˵ˡ
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ŵƺм˶ͬҲǺ֣ǵͷǺãλʩԣ
գͺ¿һɧûϴȥҲҪմϡ
ŵƺ̽һȸߵľΪ˹ƽͰľһԶĵط˭Ҳܶľ
˿ǷͽǷǳϵ֣£֪˭ҲԸ뿪
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⣬һ½кá
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Ȼ䣬ͻȻСꡣ
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ŵƺҲǾȵ˫ۣʱһֱǸСɣ⾿ô£
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ŵƺʯһۣҲ֣ۺЩݵͽѾܹˣȻˣǺβ˳ˮۣд˱ڣܿܰǾۼǮƺҵָտɴ
ǺֵҪҪ¸֪
ŵƺгƬ̵ҲãͨӦͨԵɡ
ԶĺһֱڶžŵƺУȻǲŵƺ˵ʲôͨֻ⻷ǳ⣬ӲټϾŵƺǱģֻܿǸУֻˡ֣ҿ϶׼ˣѵ滹֯ͺ¿أˣˣǽǷɣ֮ˡ
ֻŵƺͻȻվ˵ϲϲ
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ŵƺ΢΢׵ӷ𣬴ʥʱ콵ˮȻǵˮ룬øλʩ𣬷Ե񣬹ʴ˲ѡʥ˴֮ףݶȻǷ˳
ðԵޣͺ¿һרҵʿ̶ʱڣ˵ôһ浼˵ǣˮҪɡ


33 ô
ЩŮһŵƷ˵ǵˮǴϲѣԵŲɡ
ʵ˵˵ȥǷԵŵһƵģΪֻҪЩŮͬԵô֮ǮȻԴԴϵĿڴ
ȻЩŮҲⲻͶұŵƺһ
ռһУֻˣͺ¿ʵȵþ仰ˣӣʯѲ˸ϵˡ
ŴʱŵƺֻϣⳡֹͣĻЩŮ϶ܶա
ȷʥ֮ЩȻ뿪֤ʥĪҫѽյûϹ֣ҹû˯ʲôʮƣѾ°϶ˣСҰ뿪ˡ

ܵܽûиһȥϾŵƺʶһҲֽǣһȥһܳ棬ĴǻûУ綼ڼ尾жȹġ
ȥաСҰڻˡ
ܼܵæӭȥ磬ôأ
Цһǻô๦Ҫͺ¿ϵǰæһˡ¾㱸ֻǷˡ
̫ˣڵȵһˡ
ܼܵһȭûд򵽺ա
΢΢һ£ֺЦܵܣûһС֣ɾȫˡ
ֵϳˣܵظֻҪܹΪĸ𣬴ֻܷԸǣϵɽ»𺣡
ͣͣͣ
ռæӣСҰһ仰˵Сһ˵ûûˣԽѽҲҪϵɽҲҪ»𺣣ֻҪޣ˺ѷεĿޡ
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𣿡
ܵܵͷ޵ȻᣬСʱͦ޵ġ
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ܵһС۾͹
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ܵűҿɾͿ޲
Ц㻹˵ޣνĻޣҪʱضܹ޳
ܵҡͷ˭ܹ
СҰͻȻż͵Цɫָա
ܾܵȵźգ磬
СҰһ˼ͷ
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ܼܵæɿ
ܵܣͻȻĪʵܵܣĸڶأ
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㸸أ
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ôᣬʮˣûмƻǺáʵ㸸ĸǰô
Ȼã֪Ұ⣬ʡǮԡ
ǰ¸ĸİ
̾˿㸸ĸһ¼õĸĸĸÿ˯ǰһѱӸǺãڵʱһܶ㰮Եĸ԰ɡ
ܵܡšһһˮ
ֵ㸸Ҳһʱʱ̱̿㣬ҪǱ˼ҵС۸㣬㸸һͷ˵ܶĹ¸ɡ
š
ܵѾ顣
ռϧҲԲĸ÷ˣҲٰǱӣ㸸Ҳٱ㣬һˣܽ˵ĵʵ㸸ĸôᣬûǴ⣬ӦÿԿɼҵŮʱһң֮֡
ء
յĻû˵꣬ܵѾ޳ˡ
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ܵͻȻۡһ޺СҰСҰҺҵ
ֻ΢΢һᣬһԲȴЦˣѾѧˡ
˵ʱͻȻСҰЩʧ˫ִۿֻüһӾǿʼû


һ磬ʥϢʹݳǣһʱֵǷзѶĤݣ˶ൽʲôزˣ㶼Ŷӣǳֱ͸˽ܿѷݳһǳҹ飬ֱҹվܼСԺأܹɽϵĻ⡣
׬
Ǿŵƺм⾰󣬵ȻǿĵĲˣַ񣬶һ̽빤׼޽̳ͺһڵ̯ģͻȻ๺򣬿϶Ūʲôװһ¡
Ȼºܿ;Ǹǽ֮Ĵ
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34 ԩ
սɢȥգģʱȻȣϲΪũ񲮲Ҫɹӡ
糿ʱֻ֣һݳǳţƺƵֱ·ȥ
ǰʮʿߴͣӢ䲻ʮʿһͷɴסģʴ˿ŵЩʲôˣϻһŹٷһƥ׳ĺϣԼĪʮ꣬߱ǰĿڣӢ񣬲ŭ
Ů澡ūȻڻ£Ծ˼ô˶׷ͣվȥһ·ò֡
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š
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35 ˭˵
ۡءĺòҰ
Сӻڷޣᡢһǣ˿Ŷ۲ѡ
ιСӣȥ
ߵСǰ
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к䣬ٿȻҪŵ
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˼ګһĸɱģȻŵƺУü˵ɴʦԻڣŪ飬֤ݣ
У
ܵܵʱе
ŵһԴü΢΢һ£һֲԤȻܲ鰡ǺҲ⣬ԣǲġ
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СӺҳײ

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˼ګһ̧ܵʱȻѾԣ֪λǴʷݵһˡ
˼ګܵʵ㷽ҲˣôѲɻм٣
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ѩҲ֪ʧԣ´ͷ룬ĿأԺܵܡ
ܵܵҲףռʯð붨ǻƶйϵǾЩƶ£һʯͷ潽ˮǻƶ;Ȼʯͷˡ
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Сӷſڴƻƣ򲻿
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һͽʱǷ̵ĵ̣ߵ˶Ƿͽ濴еʧء
ܵȴһҲ£µСаԣСԸл


36 ֮
⡪
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ܵ˵ôģЩԥ
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37 ƭƭ
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Щʦ˾ǷֻҪҶˣͬ޾ԣ
ܵѾ㴩İڣŵƺлʯȥܾܵôӮ
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ҲǾŵƺΪһ㣬ЩƭһŪЩҩȥˣνҩʵҩǶ֢ҩ˵ܸܵĸǿھŵƺͷϣΪҩȷҽܸܵĸĲܸܵĸҲȷʵɱҲûʹվĽǶ˵Ҳܸܵĸɱ
˻һɫһ㶣ֿʼֹˣԴЩӦˡ
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Ǹ˼æ׷˹ȥ
˼ګҧɱ˵ĿŵƺС


38 Զ
Ϸʲôˣʵӣ̫ܵھ⣬֮ƺʩݰնǳҲһֱݸ˵İµѾġ
Ȼ֮ʱȴһˣѰϣҲûʲô˵ǼǰǹԵӰҲСΪϵƭߵһο㿴Ϸ˶ƭˣƭҲ֮С
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39 ȫҹ
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ѰС·ɽȥ


40 Сһ
ɽϣе˶÷ֹҲ湻ġ
աܵǱСҰվڣСںҹее⣬ȥ硣
ȻµǰŶѾˣںֶֿԣýŶԴ򿪣뵽ڣմֱܵ
ܼܵƺ֪ǮƵãһԵķݶܲˣֱͻȻһ˺һæ˵˼Բ磬ˣСҰ˰С͵Ϊҵͺ¿Ǯ֮ء
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¶һĨЦȤôû뵽ŹٸҲһûϵ϶ûϸѲ顣
ܵܵͷ֮
ǰĸ˵ö֮ȻҲΪԼǳ
˵䣬ڡ
ܹܵɵȼһ֧С΢ֻ֮أݸ֮Լֵȼһ򣬽΢⣬Ĵô󣬿ɲҰ
ҲĴۿȻ󣬵һĿȻͺ¿ĻȻѾǮصĴУҸɴǮص۵ĵطΣգʵ˲˵ţĿͻȻһ棬ֵЩȻۣΪʥԣ˵Ѱˣ¾ٱ־С֣ҿǮʮа˾Ÿйء
ܱܵͺЩ֮˵Ҳ壬Ӧһ׾ʯ̨֮ϡ
Ҳʯ̨˫ڷ涫ƳĿƼ˽⣬Ժ뵽ȫݵЩʲôĻأǱʶ;۾߱ʲôء
ǶѰðΣȴҲûҵʲôصġ
ܵȴһҲûвͷȻֱ׾ȴǳŬⶼΪ̫źˣ˵йأΪһģûҵֻҲŬ
ǺЩƣǵʱɲˣҲʼż
ͻȻ׼һ洩ȥڵķ񿴿ʱһͷûȥֽ²ûʲôԼЬףҲûĵһ֣̽ڱĥĥֲĥĥ浹ǱطĶࡣ
ֵͷƽ£ͻȻһϲæѹС֣С֣ߡ
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ԵЩգָҿۣһ졣
£ָסСһʯ̨Ǳ߾Ȼ̧
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ҸɣⶴһѽһʲôأһõģѹһӾǺ˲ǳ
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աܵ˳ʯȥҲߣ׶࣬Ҳ󣬴ʮƽ׵ӣȥӦøոںûжáûкеһ󱦿⣬ǽ鱦ǵˣǳªľ䣬Сľ䣬Сһֻ־סҲһ׳׸ңÿӹһͭȥʮֺס
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б
ܵȴԵ÷ǳϲһڣǰḧľ䣺磬˵ɶ
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׼õǩͰ¾Ϳˣһ򿪣ܵܵʱĿɿڴ˫סֻͣһе룬ҲǺܶ࣬һĿȻжʮ飬ĿҲһʮ
յǷǳֲǵһظˣǰɵٰ͹˷ܵĽ׶ΣǮȥһ̣Ƕ׸ûɶֵø˵ġ
ŶŶ⡪ǽô
ܵŷཱུͣ˸żỨ
ռܵỨ˸û𣿡
ܵ͵ҡҡͷ
ôңնڽǿǲİĻûƽгһжĳƭһٹƽһ治ѽҲûȥٿɣڸʱ䣬ȰѽӸȥСһ㡣
ŶŶŶ
ܵȥʵߵģıȽϰȫһЩ
ִһСӣ뱦ǰϲӵȤֻڶСһЩ鱦ΣһɫŮõĶʲôΡȵȡ
ִľӣȫϵȵ޳УҲǸŮ׼ģڳ˻ƽ⣬ĺ񶼸Ůйء
ͷֹˣͺ¿鸾
̸ϾϲϾûмʲôĿŵı⣬ֳֻڵҲܻܵһϧǣҲʧǮǲ˰رǶЩ˶ԡ
ȷ϶ֵǮĶ֮һǣܵһ齫ȫȥҪֻҪ˷֣֪ȫߣɾͲȷ澿ŹûַŹʲô
ֽʯ鵽ԭλ漴ֽСҰЩ鱦޳뿪¡


41 õóĲŽǮ
峿ݳϽһƬɽּ䣬деҶӱǳǳ̡ıδɢȥԶԶȥޣŮ趯ɴ
һܵĵطһСɽӲݣ߽ѷﻹһɽ
ʱ洫һֵСҰ㿴Ǯô

ӦһĬ
ڣܴܵųĶֺ̺һ̿㣬վڶУϹ飬һһŤŷֿЦţһƺͦϲĶʲô飬֮ġ
СҰ̧ͷۣǷܵĵͷ漴ͷһѷذףذǴ鱦зģСƺĶ̫ȤǶЩΣƷȤ
ǿǽϣһͷһһ˼ӡ
ܼܵôܣǼįͣձϣƵ磬񶼷ˣǮʮҲԲѽզһҲˡ
Ӧףһ޹ŪôǮǵƻȡԲɹ⻹ֵףǻʲôֵף﷢ǲСҰǺգȫûף˼
һܵܣЦʮӣܻʮ꣬ҾͻҲЦˡ
⻰٣Ǯٶȣһ죬ֻ֮ǰûǮҲûƳѳ˶٣ֵңðӻȥǮѽȻûҲ˸ˡ
ܵһͷ⵹ǵģզð
Ǻͷ۵ĵطˣںרŵһЩùڵĻʶĶôֲȫǻңһݳƷòõóһ⣬õĳͻȻһȥҲ̫עˣЩ鱦͸Ӳ˵ˣ֪Щ鱦ǴŪģΨһõľЩУǽӲǴͷѽ
ղһֻ˼⣬˼ȥҲû뵽һð취ؼ½ӵڻҲûⷽϢϾǰĺҲûм
óȥһ£ڵ顣
΢΢̾˿кܶҪȥѽеĽ𶧣ĵѰ˼ţֽ֣䶼ټΪʲôͺ¿ôˣЩͽŽ㰡һС࣬ȻɢģǴһģŶҲ˵ҵһӵҾܽӶһͭǮ
ˣһϲͬʱַǳƣΪʲôͺ¿Ҫղؽأ٣ѵֻΪأţ⵹ҲпܣϾڵͭǮ̫ˣˣˣǮ־ˣ¸ëϵҲܲôˡ̧ͷһüܴܵȥЩϵȵ޳УæС֣ʲô
ܵܵ뿴Уٺ٣ҳô󣬻ûдôõĳС
շŰ۵ǶŪˣ鱦ó֣ͿЩ޳жһӣס׼
Ŷ
ֽܵӸϣһѽһĲ˵
յ˵һҲ˯ôǿһû˯ˡ
ܵܵô⣬ҿ˯š
СҰҲǵͷֱЦ
ǰɣ˯һ¡
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һ˯磬ʱܵܡСҰ˯СҰǱǰذףһܵȻͱȽϰֱſڽ˯һֻۻ΢΢ſţˮһضǡ
˴һŰܵܡСҰѡȻȥˣʱʹɱܣرС㡣
ȥ
ܵ۾ǲҪȥףô
ΪҲ밡
ƵǱǵȹһ˵ɣģǮŪˣûлôȵʱȥõľ¥ϸ켸ҹٽϼŮǾˣһ˳ܵˣ֮ܶҧ̣ϾҪˡ
ܵſˮ磬ʱҪݵһ¥ն졣
СʱҽһնԸʹ졣
ˬһֳ֣СҰСҰǮˣһõаѲκãܹ˵
ܵͷԶԶԣҪСҰܹ˵Ǿ̫ˣնҲˣǮȥСҰɡ
СҰȴҡҡͷȻͷ
ܼܵįˣæ˹ȥСҰϣĵСҰôأ
СҰǵͷ
Ҳ˹ȥСҰǲʲô֮
СҰأԵͷ
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յҴһȦ㲱ϣһرаɡ
ӣ
ܵתΪϲæֱͷ
˾ڶһСľӷ˽ȥȻֱӴӶа˿ʯͷѹ棬ľӣյûйΪڲǻң洦ɼ˷Ҳνǽ鱦Ƿǳģ˷ˣǿܻˣϾӿɲٰ
㶨֮󣬺վ뿪ˣⶴо㹻ʳ֧һˣңСҰܴԡ
˳¿ˣȡѺ֮󣬾ͻ÷ȥˡ


42 ߷
ղϼ̡
ĺɫе÷壬һƬ׾
һȥȫԸܵճϢǰ
رǶںĺգԵΪԣΪںʱŸոտʼ죿쵱Ȼ˯ģȻʧȥļֵ
ʵôǹһӵҲ
ͷմӺð̱ˣʲôЦƳķ³ûȥôƳˣңƱֻۣһũ񣬵ʲôõģҲνؤڣֳũıˡ
صǰƾɵŽš
Ӧõģɷڼң㻹ų׼ʲô¡
ڸʲô
ռŵƣûмţǰŰֻۣŷȥ΢£Ƽ齵һǣδõӽǣͻȻֻǰһڡ
ʲô
δȺշӦǵһ֨ѽһ
η
һȡ
ǡ
飡

䣡
һӰſڵϣڵϣ߸߾ƨɣ΢΢Ҷš
գ
ФվǰϤĻ棬һ˫޳ܷܷסžĶ쵰ָе˫ȴôġ
ĵİɣȿȿȣ
Ǹѽ
ԡԲҡ治ǹģΪ
Фһæ˹ȥϲͣĽ͵
ŭôôǹġּФҪæֵ̧ͣ㡪ң治֪ϱǷʲôҪôĥң
ФƲҲȫܹң˭㲻죬ǰҵȻΪˡ
ˣҲöŰɡһŮôô³
ФƵŶ»͵ҾʹŸ˵ߡ
㡪
һվؿڣݺݵɲУһ֮߷ˣ»б˸͵ҪҸû档
˵ţȥֹʲôŮôĽɴȥˡ
Фǰ䣬ǳ˳飬ЩЦú䣬ֺһʲôſڵϡ
ջͷһɣФƻȻ壬˵˵ңܸʲôﰵģһҪǿ壬ȻҶûˡ
ʵ治ֺܹûãؼ廹ˣȫûκο
صڣոϽϣﰡ
ФǸȥ㵹ˮ
˵žͼȥյһˮֹеҪҪҰࡣ
ˣˣһֻˣ֮ˣ֮󣬾͵ͷ׼ʽˡհͷҡĸ˹Ƶá
˵ʲôФһ
ɲǺ˵ʵݵģղžǾ֢ǰס
շ˷ۣһˮһŻ⾢
ФƼɫ΢һЩһת䲻ˣسȥ׬˶Ǯ
׬ˡʲô
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ФȻȻǰǮҰ
ѾФƵһ˵ˣһ˵ıһеˡ
ƾʲô
һ졣
ФƵҳּңǮȻҹܡ
˭ּͬأ
û
ФƺߵڼȻҳּҡ
ȵȣȡ
̧̧֣Ƭ̣ŵ˼ǣҰ׬Ǯһ߷ҵŮˣôһɵӵΪ
ФίҲȫңһŮӶڼңȻýһЩ˵Ҳûоضѣһػǹġ
ˣˣ֪ôһ˵ԼʲôŮӣҾͺ޲ȥ
һסͷﻹֹûжͿʼҪǮˣǽҲҹ㡣
Фһ⻰ǻһӵȲϳӣҪ뿪˵ҵĲǡ
Ӳ˵Ȩôô⣬ȫˣɲС͵һӣŭĿФƣһţǮ
Фƴ˰ΣͻȻ۵һڴЦʱҲòˡ
ҪҶҲŲϵˣߣҾΪôһƬɭ֣˵βȴMMôסһҪסΪһˣֻ°ȥ֧ϰ°֧ϰƲƲһǮôЦ𡣡
ô˵޷ΪԼҵӻФưЦ
ФƵҲʶô壬ûգ˳Ż׬ǮҵȻġ
ʶࡣͷһְ
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ߣ
ոԽˣ룬⻹ࣿŮСˣҲãԺȥһˣһǮˣȫ
֪Фһźյգʵ˵ǲǿˡ
ǿ̫ˣýͣǰȥǿˣЩǮҪˣҺˡ
ФƸϽǮڻҲǿЦģ壬پǲˣȥ˵Ǯ
ŭ١ɫͿȾˡ
ϣ
ФͻȻһסӣһ
յʲô㣬װ㲻װһ治ҽѵ㣬ҵ˼ǣΪװҾͲѵˡ
ɻһ˵꣬ФƵĶͷ϶ðĺ飬治װģҲֻװޣװðôأ
θۡ
ФƼѵ
θۣ
ռǲéûϴ־ͳԷ
Фŭ˺һۡ
ͷǺúõôθۣ϶ǳԻˡ
ǡ
ô֪
ΪΪһ춼ûгԶˡ
һûгԶʴ˲ǳԴˣ˵ͨ
ʱΪɷӦҪǳӲǣǺȴһƣһ첻ԶܰҸ߷ˣҪ˷ҵѽ㻹Ǳˡ


43 ϴı
һô˵ϹФƵҲǷǳƣΪЩദ֪վһӲļһҲ߶䣬ôǻȥġ
ơˡ
ʲô׬Ǯصңðȥ򷹲ˣǳãµóԴ׬Ǯܵġ
ųФƣֻʮί˵ӦȷȲˣȻ󴩵ƯƯһźţ磬ȣߣߣǷ˶ôʵȫǵߵġ
ФƲͷͳԣȥһһûгԹˣǼûгԹĶ
ŮԱˣ᲻һŰߵϣصִȥҪĻǿԿ̲ס˵ʳǿô춼ᱻҭ֮⣬ԵĻİá
ҡ
ۣҲװ̫ˣҸ˵ҭˡ
Фƺݺݰ˺һۣϽȥһһˮŻصݺҳԵ̫죬ñĳĳ˵ʳڿ
һǳˣ㺹죬ǲӲ˲ͷϵĺ
ŮŮġ
ͻȻʵˣΪʲôһ첻ԷѵǼʣ㵹Ӧöˣ֪Ϊʲô˯ô齸ѹˡ
ҲŲҪˡФƻ֪֮ͦġ
Ǽʣմ㵵ѵҸǮˣ
Фû
㲻ǰɡ
ûԵĬˣƵҼǵҿǸǮż죬ôͰǮˣѵּ֪ǰ滹ڼô
⻰˵Фһ࣬һףֱӺգСҡǮǻġ
ǻģüѵǱ͵أۣ˭͵ⲻǻòͷˣ㲻
Фбһɣ˵ôҵǮǱˡ

һ㶣̾ˣԽΪƭֵĶԣӿ죬һᲨᣬѡ
ͲФˣϾǰǺܶ࣬Фֲ֪飬ǮҲ˵ˣֻ˵ȽϴѣԼˣɵҲûôİ
ФƼճĬգҽǮǲأ
һΪʲôҪЩǮҸģô£۵ֲҡ
ФҲԣ۵ңһ룬̫ѽӣӶۣȻĮģֹһ䣬ûġ
ҪûģѾͶˡ֪ʵǮʲô
ФͻȻʲôƵãҲ֪Ǯʲô
ûʣ
ΪʲôҪʣ
͵Ҵˣأ
ФƼҲ֪ԭǽǮȥʲô㡣˵ͻȻһԵ֪ôԭ¸һƭ˵Ĺ
տôͶİԣòһЩ飬ЩԲһȵ𣿡
ФƵͷ⻹м٣µķɶٸץˡ
յ𣿡
Ф̾˻ܺô˵ҽǵǮȥùˣҽǮͲ˵ˣӹЩǮ֪ºôһ⣬ڼҶһˣֹˣȥңǮ˵ʲôȥģǳһ졣
֮ûж˵ֻǵͷ֪ˡ


ա
ҹԵ̫ˣֳԵıȽֱ죬ФƲ˯ţȵڶʱѾͣ⣬ֺѾˣȥأ
һȥһֻһɳվɳǰϵĻӶ˫ȭɳ
ڸʲô
Фһ
ͣعͷ㶼ôȻѧϰܣֹ߷ɡ
Фһ㶣Ϲ˵
㲻žˡ
ֻعͷȥͻȻ氾ࡣ
ѵôΪͣФĪһϲȻ߽˳
бһҡҡͷ
һФƶһ߳һСǰһ߳ţһ߿źȭſţͻȻ˼̲סʵգȭ·˭ģ
ͷҲص˵㡣
Ϊʲô
֪֪ˣսʤ
ʲô˼Фһ㶣漴׹ȵȭԸҵģ
վЩ׳գû֮⣬ƺҲûǰ߷ɡ
ȿȣ
ФƱ⻰ŵǺȼ˼£ƺ±ŵɱ˵ġ߷㣬ҡҺÿζҵġ
ͻȻͣתͷǳ˵Ĵϣôǵ㣬ҪҪ
Ф˫պȴǳǿӲб㵹ѽҿûвá
ջЦⲻϰ㴲ı㼱ʲô
żˣ֮ͽ˵
Фһȥˡ
ʻӽֻһȴҲδŮ˵ŮǲʹҡҡͷתȥʵǰǷǳ˵õģΪŶӵУһ½ս֣³˹ȭǸ³˹ѧġ
ֻڵڵִǰԭҲԽ͵ĹֿʼˣҸСҰи֣뵽ӦҪˣΪһֲУƨ


44 
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Фƴ߳
졪ȥѵȫó
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ФתĿһҲӦ
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Фһﲻõȥˡ
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ոóַ򸾾˹Σһֱͷ
Сա
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װһȵı顣
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ŵһ£ﻹҺʵһţַǴͳĴˣʼ֮׼ȥ£ΪʲôŵҩκĲûгȥ
ǵ֪ǮȥФƽǮֱˤһ⣬ŭַ֮ǳһǮ˯žˣһɽǳƣⲻʹŵǸˡ
̧ͷŶԭ°ѾФ˵ˣ壬
ǳƽ
ȻΪտ϶Ҳˣھβѣɵֺݺݵһۡ
ʱФһǰ˳м䣬΢Ц壬վڸʲô
ַǵͷ
ȥõԵġ
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̾Ҳ̫ˣǮﶼܹˣǷ͹ؼҲǮҡҶˡ
˰һ˳ɰȹһӣһ紵ݶɾѰˡ
˵ܲ٣ܲٵ
ֻԶͻȻ˵̧ͷһֻؼӺżһͬ
˵ÿҲ֪˭ˣͷһͣ̾˿ȥټǿĺӣһǷǮҲȥġ
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45 Բ
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46 ʵЩ
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һؤʶȥеʱһϲ̤Ьٴȫѹ
ⱻϵļؤҪҵؤæСֶ˵Щʲô
ܵͷ֪ˡ
˵žͼȥˡ
ܵܳȥ֮󣬺ְǻƽ˹ǰûгķȫȻҪЩǮͳȥˡ
֮󣬺СҰСƵ긽һƫƧĵط
ֻܵؤںӱߵһ¡
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ܼܵˣæ֡
ؤһգæǰдԼԭǶܼʵ̫ˡ
΢ЦŵͷǻûгԷɣ
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սеͬһǰȥﻹеԵģӰɡ
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Ҫһ˶öģǺյǺȻû̫ĵִΪǰҲģյСӷ羰
ܵܺСҰҲ࣬Եûоκβףֻڣܵܵ˲٣ûСҰߴ˵ͣˣĿǳԡ
ؤưĽմʳһɨա
յԱûУûеĻȥ㡣
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곤ͷֵξȼǣǸмΪһݡ
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ͻȻʵѵûбô
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ҲԣʸûСյ˲ϲĨǣиƵĻᣬһΣԣԸԸɡ
Ϊ֮һɣľ̵˵ˣֻҪԸģΣգҲһüͷ
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ɣľһ󣬵Ҳûжʣͷǣ֪ˡ


59 ұ
ɣľ˱ܾ֮ܵʵ磬ΪʲôҪô
СҰҲԴźա
ЦһΪҪѵ
ܵ˫ۣԴһЩµǺ磬ɲǺǵġ
Ǻǵģ
ЦЦǳֵܵС֣ʵҲǺǵġҲûж˵ֵ߰ɣȥ㶫
ɶ
ն졣
ան죬ٺ٣ǿ߰ɡ
һն죬ܵܶʱһк涼Ժ
ٴһ¥ƹˣ˵ѯҴӣոЦȥˣ̤̤ʵʵһźһֻն죬һЩЩ󲿷ֶǸܵǵģΪĿǰԣպǾŵͺ¿ͬᱨܵܣʴ˲ܻܵؼңֻʱɽ棬Ǯ֮ûڵɵȣǴܵܡСҰȥ˼УָܵЩþߡ
Щ󣬴ǮҲĲˣŪһС峵ضĳȥˡ
⣬˾ͷֿܵܡСҰųɽǱȥҲؼȥˡ


ʱƣѾµӰ˳÷ֱú鰲
ջص÷ʱҹĻѾ˼ƶˣȻ⻹ֻǸոҹڿһΪؼʱڣǱ뱣֤Լгľȥӭ졣
ռҵģϾոȫûκιϵ˵һ粻˺ɽҲոˡ
ͷûӣûԣҲ֪ڸʲô
ðһ˿棬Ҳŷȥ͵Ͼϻֱӱ߷ˣǰš
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ҡ
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Фƹ˹˳ʵҹû
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Фһڣ齱Եһʾ
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¶һίıİɣ֪㲻ˣ㻹ÿζһҳ˷ûУ治֪λش𡣡
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һٹǮҲǸ˳Եô㶼һҳô
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Фϣһʫʸ踳黭ֻ㲻Ͱˡ
ʫʸ踳
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Ф򴽣ŬԼЦ˵ϽöȶסԼ졣
ն֪ܲʲôҲ˵ˣҿ˿ͻȻⰫһ澹ߺͲϣɵһ㡪Բа
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Фƴ㵵ʲôԲУ
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շŰ۵رʵͣȽرҲ㣬ҿ϶ᴩ
ФбźյһҪ
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Фһɡ
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Ů˾ŮˣԶ˵һףһס


60 Լ˿ʼƭ
գ峿
ҪҪԵôȻһŮҮ
տФƷǳܵĳԼոõӵоĪԹǰŮ˳ĶٻеЩ񡪡ŲҰ
ΪʲôܳԵȻĺܺó԰
ФԵЩ㵡
еģŮģŵȳԣѵͲ÷ǳ֮𣿡
Լ
ΪʲôҪɷ͸ӳԣⲻǺôҲҪϴģҲ̸ϺóФһȻ

ŮһҲǴԽİɣȫܲŴŮ˵µĺգ֮󣬾ʹһˡ
ȥܵܡСҰʱСɽ⺫յǲԣֻҪˣϾͻС
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ˡ
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Цŵͷﻹϰ߰ɣ
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˷ֻܷܵԸ
մӻͳһ鳤εľͷԼ幫֣ݸɣľʶô
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ɣľһ㶼ǻȡƵ˿񡢲ҶǮң
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ɣľŶһǷɣȱͭǷɣİսַǳϲƵǮңǲҲŽȡƵǮҡ
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ĻΪʲôҲӷɣﹺƽأк治ѣǷɣݵ˶ô
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ɣľ໥ۣ漴ͷʵϵ˵Ǯ˭
յãҾ͸ǹ񫣬һǮˡ


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ԼЦСѣǿǳġ
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ЦҡҡͷҲǺǵģȥҲһܹ˳𡣡һɣˣ壬ҲǴƵҪԶˡ
ɣľҲ֪ϾڴƣǾôˣôһҪ֮𡣶λģǾǵģֻϣλ֪סδ
Ц̾һҲǲԸ㣬ֻҪǾǺ㣬˲ˣǶġ
һ˵Ĳôȥˣֻȡ裬Ҫô׾ͱ˳ȥˡ
ɣľҲг𡣡
ҡҡͷޣǲ࣬ǰ۸ΪҼҵĹũһǷǮ
ЦҲ˵ûоȥʣΪ²Ҳ֪˭ǷǮûкӹ
ɣľأԲϰݵǿǺãܲô˰ɡ
ôˣʵⶼ㲻ʲôܶ˶ļǶ𣬵ڲúúõôЦƵֱҡͷ
ЦͻȻʵҲȫûа취
а취
Цתͷա
յͷа취Ҫæ
ЦظֻҪܹһһ
ɣľѵҲг𣿡
̸гֻҿΪ
Цһյ֣ʲô취˵
ղɣľʵɣľҼǵǰ˵˴˲ٻƽ
ɣľͷ
յɷƽ
ɣľ裬Ǯҵġ
ЦҪĻǾӦÿԡ
ЦԺģʲôϵ
Цѵһƽ𣿡
Ц£ָң
Цŵͷ


61 ¹
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С˵
ǻ֪Լˣˣһɣˣҡ
պߵˣ
㡪
㶯Կ
վӸ£ƣһôʲôء
ǻƼôᣬ˵ѣ²ҵЦǸǸǹͨ
պߵȥ
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һƣϽﺫյһ衣
Сǡ
հһЦ
һֻһӴӺ˽
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ۿҲ߯С˰ɡսͭҵݻ͵ģҲģ֪ӿټۣ
Сӻ̰ģһǮ١ǲˬһӵݻգȻָһţۡ
ʮ᣿
ϲðð
ʮ᣿
һʮᣬˡ
հһָǮ
ᡣ

ġҵѽһҲ̫ٵɡ
ߵûɶãȥ˻ҪˣҿʶķϣŸǮġ
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˺һŻصڣͬʱ߻һ
Ƽӵʱ򣬲ûЦֱǶʮĺѽģС٣ֱһģӿ̳ģջӣδŴôһĸ·ϣҲ֪һ

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һڲˮһЦС㻹̫ˣŶӣжãҪĿɲ⼸ӡ
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۳Ƭ̣ЦȻȥɣƽǰͽõһᣬܴ


62 
Ƴ˽ùһ㶼ڳ⣬ڳڣΪҪģؿһҹŵͽ˳ˣùڳڻʲôԣһ㶼ڳǱϣҳвٹٸվרдһЩعõģ糯͢ղ
ķùݵĽҲ¥ǻǳİˮɽ羰ˣͨͦģرˮ·棬ҲһСùݡ
һ磬ͼķùݡ
λ͹٣ס갡
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ɣľͷû⡣Ŷ֪ǶλǸҪ١
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63 
Լʱ䡢ص֮ʹˣͬʱЦҲͺոˡ
һξôǮܾЩ
ڻȥ·ϣԵЩǡ
۶ӣе֪Ī縸̫˽ԼˣС΢Ǯ÷ǳҪһǮҲ᲻ãȻҲǳģƺʤһһóôǮе£ο뺦£Ǵƣǲȥ۸ǾõģҶֽţʱǶȥһֽǮһֽ𣬲ġ
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ɱЦҪˣһһ飬䷳ķ飬޲ýÿ涼ӡԼӡȷϣǼˣһľϣɣľɣľ֮ˣһҲ١


64 ͵컻գϣ
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66 ԩΣ
ǰĺҪ·Ļһ·ߣգǺ½̫Σˣӳ죬Ŵ˺Ӿ͸ĺһȥأȥ׷١
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ſڵϣһߴţһ˼ګ˵
˵ģ˼ګԳ˰ǻ˵¸ûйϵҲ˼ګԳ档
ЦҲضãȻûдޣҲίĺԩǼɣ˺ɶ񣬾ҴƭǲҴƷһҪ׽סǡ
˼ګǺԩȴҲֵ̧ȱżǣӾôɵģǲ˵һֱУΪʲô壿
ҲѣҲûŪΪʲôӻ壬ʵҲһֱ룬أ԰˼⣬ʱھǼˣҲһֱƤ£ܻᱻ
Ц͵˵ĲǲһһֱߣԷ֣
˼ګʲô
Цڼ䷢һͼһȺҡ
˼ګü˼ǣǳҰѽӸأ
ҡͷⲻܣⲻܡ
˼ګŶһΪ˵ƶ
ʱȷңǽһǵпܱ˵װӵ˵СҲСʱھͼˣҪӵĻȻóһֲܲϣҪһᱻǷֵġ
ˡ
˼ګüţĪǼɣ˻ᶮ÷ˣǿ֪⼸ɣʲô·
һͻȻʲôƵãָұߵĺգɫһǼɣһģЩɣ˸ġ
Ѿ˻£ʲôûͷԣԵĿյʱеԩСԩС޹ģⲻСӵ£СҲֻżȻǵġ⻰ճۿͺˣˮʼۼ˲֪Īԩ˵ݼǡǵķϣͲ˵ˣһЩ档
˵㻹ҽƱ磬˵ǮصȥˡǶôϣǮǱȥˣԸﺫգֻҪǮҾˡ
˼ګһ̧֣ȱȻʵ˭˭δôЩɣʶģ
һų̬ѾڽëˣСкգס÷壬һСũֻǰЩӼرˮˣʳһҸҲ⣬׵СҲǽҼһЩӿɶ֪ġ
˼ګ
˵ͷ
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֮˵ز죬ǾСӰȣ־СͦģǾСӰƽ𣬻˵һ͸СӼֵʮǮľûҲûйϵСȻʹӦСʶĸҲ࣬ľӣξȼùСӵӡ
СȥңҪҪӣ˵Ҫƽ𣬶СҵӣһڴӦһСһЩǮСӽʵұǲģΪһӣ׬ʮǮǰҲʹңҶû˵ΪȼùСӣּһЩǮСӾʹȥЩɣˣû뵽ȥʱ򣬼ӣСҲ֪Ϊʲôǻ
˼ګʵ˵Ŀʵ
֧᲻
ͷǡ¡
˼ګȻûиǣôȥأ
ԽԽˣ˼ګǰɲѣڨڨءĻǡ˸ҵЩɣ˵ġ
ԭˡ˼ګͷﵱȻô£ֿЦ
ЦҲͷġ
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˼ûиκϢƤȥֻȥЩɣˣԹֲ˺ա
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˼ګۺգɬͲ￪ʼѰ˼ţպСӱʿһСӣôܸЩɣ˴ϹϵıƭǮҲǱˣǸɣһģʱӦǰȥӣûôԼǰȥģҲӦܣⱨ
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һĳһĻʵۣÿϸ档
ȻʱڣЩͻϰݰˣڿ̷棬ŷǳĹס
ԣƳ참Ƿǳ֤ݵģû֤Ͳ
ĿǰΪֹûκ֤ݿָ֤պͷɣͬıﱻˣҲˣֿڷҲףƸԨץһٷϸޡƸΪҪٷش𣺡ȣʵ޷ȥн١˵Ϊǵľʹøãҵͷš
ͬȻһΣԺԲƣܺߣҲֻȣűɣãܾΪȥк˼ګƫ˺գó֤򣬺վġ
ʱһҴҵ˹˼ګ˵˼䡣˼ګüͷһ壬ͷ˵±Ѿ֪ˣǷģôǮƿ϶ܲ˶ԶٶｫץȻȥûҵ׼ߣʱܴǡ
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˼ګֳһĹٵȻȥǼɣƭӵòȻ˿ȥͷӻطɣȥ
¹
Ը˼ګͼҴҵ뿪ˡ
Ȼкܶ໰Ҫ˵˼ګƺмҪҲҶԡ


¼깩ʣ껭Ц˾ͳ˸á
һţǵͷȣӣҼ׬ǮɶܹˣӽձҪ㡣
ϣ
ЦӦεݣٱȥܱȴҪãذһϵ򣬱棬ֱ棬ؼٴ򣬰ϣϣѽѽ
ֻһʮ꣬뷢ڰײӵӾŶ̰ӵۣ׷ЦһٿŹ
Цĸף硣
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ǣԲ𣬶ԲҲһʱļ
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һòͻȻЦүӣЦѾˡ
ҿݵϼ壬ݱʿʶǣرЦһ޹ݵλϵر֮ʿЩòЦȹƵģЩ顣
ͷһЦѾܵԶȥˣʱӵ۵ӣ㻹ܡ
ЦͷҲصµǻᱻ
ŲȴǸˡ
ѽѽҲ
һ˦ǰֻವһٰ׷ȥϵ׳
ۣЦܻڣǲװտ亹
ҪƽʱҸӿ϶ῴЦʱЦ
ͻȻߵձϣպģԸ¸ûϵһĲ㡣
ջֵ̿壬ԩѽҲܺߣһҪңʮҲƭ㰡
һ뿪ˡ
ԶȥıӰаѽۿ鱻׷ɱʱ򣬶ûüͷƾҲ뻣ңû֤ҧѽǺǣҲѱ


67 ɵĺãɵĺã
ӹٸ֮󣬺վֱӻ÷ȥˣʱ˿̣÷ԣȫĵط
⻰˵ɱںѵöˣ˵ʲôŶ̫ϾֶļʶͷʶҲȺҪͲ٣ؼǲʧں֮󣬺ǽʧΪҪһ£ƭĶһЩΪʵˣԷҲִŵ֣ɾͲˣܲ˵ģ޷ʧҺջи͵ÿβ߻ʱնõԼ·Ҫ˼һ㣬;ŵƺȫɸ㶨
صʱֵҹʱФϣŸɰͰʹӹɣ˼գǰ˼ǶԴл˼ԵʱԵ÷ǳ˷ܣȴִһ˿Թˣһôȥôã
ȷǺõһΡ
ôô
սİһӣһ졣
㣬ֻǵ㡣
ФƲ죬ֵһ׬˶Ǯ
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ʵǮЦϻģǮ㱻ǷҲνΪУҲӯģ˵ǮɣľǻЦĳ͡
հϣȻһŮҲ׬ЩǮôŮ
ФѾˣЦлĿ佱
ԼˣҪաСһˡ
ФҲûж˵ææǮõȥˣǳȻٲȻѾóּҵľڣʲôڼּңףһ㶼ףڼּûйϵּҵĹؼǰǮȻٰܼңǮǰܼһּߣȻûǮ
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Фһִӱóֻһ·Ұ㿴Ұ·Ѿ࣬ԣﲻʣٸĸġ
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ڻɲȡղ˲ûʲôûʲô
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أҡͷеǣֵ㣬·٣˵ͻġ
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̫лˣŶ̫źˣҺʧ䣬Һġ
վؿڣˡ
ФһۣмѻίƢУҪԣҰѾˡ
Ů˹ȻƱ䡣
Фǰһ˿ŭĳºյס
ͻȻҪӸҴ
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ФƴӺ䳷Ƕǯ㻹˵
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˶䣬ФѾﺫմ·һϸĵһţһ˿͵Ĵһƣͦÿô
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ЦˣЩɬЩֻ΢ЦȴǰĹЦ
ФƲЦʲô
ղסЦ˵Цϰҵء
Фһ죬޵治Ҫ˭ˣֻڰ㴩·ˡ
վֻ㲻ϰҵؿΪʲôôԵĶ̴㶼ûп
ֻһֻûУһֻȴûƵü

Фƾһֻ֬סС졣
ߣػؾһ飿Ů̱һɣƵȻڡҶû˵ˣǲǰģôо쬵ġ
ФƵͷһһӲմ˶ȹĸо


68 NO ZUO NO DIE
շǳڼФ޵ݣΪФƵĻ϶һӶûһɣȴޱȳص廨롣
Ȼջǵ͹ФƵƤ
ФƳˡһȫû˼ǳƽȻİ·ȻַƵ˵ֻ΢е㲻ʣ޾ͺˡ
⻹ֻ΢ЩʣӦñҪ鷳ɡ
նʱŻˡ
Ůִô˺¡
ҿûôִš
µ񣬺ҲֻôοԼˣҪФִҪƷĺڰǲʹ¡
ա
һĺվǶ壬⽻ҪһǿǣҪܷ߱ڣܽŮ

˫ŰɳС·ϻźˮ;˳㿴÷⣬ԣȴҲһζ
·ϴգ׷״ĽĿкҲ壬ǲпѾǰԤÿһÿһ룬ǿûʸһ˷ʱ䡣
Χ÷һȦշϰݣںӱϴ˰һˮƵȥ
һصңնʱ˶ˣΪФϣζһ˫޳˫ȣСͷרעŰ޸Ǽȫ·
㲻ǰɣ
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Ф̧ͷվǰȴЦеˡ
ǰһߣ㻹Ҫ·
Фĵͷ
յǺαءҪµģȥ򰡣ֲûǮ
ФҡͷУУǶѽ˵ˣƷ·ԼҪ㲻ҲȰҪڼּô
ȰôҷǷ㰡
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ռ㵸ջһйڼּҵĻܼң׬ǮǸܼҵģģ㾡İܾˣҾ㡣ĵֻǾţһëѡ
ФƿźһЦ֪ڿҡ
ҿնҪץˣҳԱû¸ɣİ
ģ
ġ
ҲС
Ϊë
ѽ˵໰
ΪΣ
ФƵ׬ǮҲͦ׵ģ˵׼ģǵȻҪʡŵãɲһӾͻˡģһһеģϴֻˡ
·ģ㻹˵أЩˣѵͲһ쵽ڼô첹ģúȤ𣿡
ФίҾһڼңеģŰ·ġ
һ㶣ҲŶ棬һڼҵȷĵģ·ãһ·ᷳˣѰ˼ȥ˶˷ǮҪ˸ҳԣǻֳ
ԽԽ־壬ףҲȫФƣϾһڼйĵġ
šҵֻȻ쵷⣬ǵģһҵģҲ֪ͷŮ˶ЩʲôҪǺŮˣǾͺðŶˣ齫ܹһ졪ˣ齫ǰôˣ齫Ů˵
̵ɣȥȡ
Ҷ˵ԼˣҲ֪˵Ự塣Ф߷߲û˵ʲôֻǡŶһ
ʱѾ߳ˡ
еǣʮľǧ齫˿ˡƾšӿɶǧɸֵĻ͸Сѧѧһһûɶ
ڴСͻ켣ڵ¶ĳЩͽȵĺգϤˣͬ꼶ABCDӢʱͬ꼶Ŀαʱȴֻͬ˳ô˵ɣ廪жרҵĻվǽѧѧⲻκġ
ԭ˵ն齫˿˵ҪǳߣФƵĲǳأȥܻΣգȻΣգȻҲôżֻһдӼŪԲľͷīˮֱ߻108ȷȻʼþиϾǧŸ֣ɵĺܣܿ죬108Сľͳˡ
ëԵĻͼ
ڼ䣬ФιѯʲôֻϵĶܹȥΪФֻʶϵСҲòǺܶ齫ҲûʲôصĵطʴҲûжʣݼ·
һ죬һ齫ͳ̨ˡ
ⱦҾҲõĳˡ
۹
ԽԽǿĵĺգ̲סЦ
գա
һԵФƼͻȻЦŵˣæ

յʱһĨ죬ФƵФƣҼǵ˵ڼͦĵġ
ФƼͻȻ£һ㶣漴šһ
ҲԣһڼʵЩģսˡ
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ЦǺǵʵһƣ齫ǳ棬㣬Ȱ·ŵһȥ
Фƴδ˻ĺգ䲻֪ԵɣĪһϲ·ŵһȥˡ
ռգǳһľͷ齫ڰϣȻϸĸФƽһ齫淨Ȼ˵򵥵淨κһԶܳԣֻ֣żġ
Фֻ֮Ȼζܼ򵥰
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ФӣֽοӺץӣܿ죬ʮƾˡ
齫ףǿɾͲˣؼǲ֪ѡФƱȽϱߣÿƺãϰ졣
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Фƴ㵵ôأ
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װƲɷɼĺգεĶͷײⶼϰѽΪһǧŸ֣齫ʱҪȥˣһ֪ˣЦûС
Ф죬ŬĲԼЦþɵƬ̣ŵ廨Щɡ
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ĵɲУҶˣҪǻܴﵽĿģҶԵҵĴĴָôæ
ФֻǵŶһ
ֿʼ˲ġ


ܣ
ٸܣ
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ŶԲֺˡ



һȦȥһ⣬ȫǺպˣ˵齫ҪĻҪÿ˭򣬱Ͼʮľǧںյ֮£ٴ˵齫ҲǸơ
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ۣҡҺˣҺˡ
ФƼĵԼһƯƣ˸ֿĵỨָоͺʼʾĿŸոսɵﳤǣڰСˣŸԼżףͬ־ҵԼ֯
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ФޣʵɣҾ˵齫ͦ򵥵𡣡
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Ф͵һæҲŸӮôܾͽˣⲻ۸ô漸ѣ漸ѡ
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㲻ǰɣҪӮ㻹ϰݣҲգҲգӮѡ
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69 ǧλõ
죬죬ԺյװΣФƷϰݡ
ҵѾѾˣ۾ҲѾϹˣӦҵĳͷ
뵽ƵMMФһ齫;أǳĺڣŪʲôãƫƫŪ齫ֱҪĨɱ˵ҸǰŮͻݵģڼģڼҴӵģԺŮˣǷģǱģǵ齫ġ
ˣֻڼĬĬᣬƿιӤֻ̣¼֡
ͬǣСܵܵͬǣҶԲǣУһҪɱҡ档
컹δվ͵͵Ҫһ齫ˣյһɶҶұ÷ȥܰġ
ף齫ˡ
Ѱð죬ȴ齫
ʲô
֪ʱФƴ˳һԴ˿Ŀһߺźա
ռе齫أ
Фһ齫һ߳٣һѽһ齫ѽǺã档
棬˭ˡһסͷˣˡ
Σǲˣһĵġ
ȿȿȡǻ齫ɣǣǷȸȥϴһ£ȻͣŶŶһȥ壬ҽһ춼ö壬ǻɡ
ϴ;ˣûҪˣҾô齫ܶ塣

һգ㲻ڼҽФƵĴݲУ⵹Фưʱ̫óţϾֵȥˣֻڼҴš
ֱʱ֣Ҫˣ˵ǴϴȥͲˣФȻûܾϾϴǼҵĶˣͻݵվǰ֣غڼ齫㡣
ϣ
Ƕ˵÷ڼҵô

ʱСҰִ
յûڸɡ
СҰȻ˵ʲôҡҡͷ
УȥС֣һȥԼ
յȻȥϴԷΪ˱ͲڣԼЦǽȥߣѾȥ˼գΣյʱҲѾȥˣҲʱȥɣľˣԺİŸ˵˵ȻڻǺܰȫϾڵУֻҪСһ㣬Ҫ˸˾С
СҰҵС֣һȵҹ֮÷ӱϣϵһСۣ÷ʻȥ
ͷ½ĶȫΨˮϱȽϰȫΪʲôѡķùݣΪ֪½·ϣôͭǮ϶ᱻ׷ϣˮ·Ͳͬˣķùð˺ӣұϻһСͷˮ·ʮַ㡣
ǳ˴÷Σֽ÷ӵһ֧˳źһɽУʱɽеĺͣһҴֻǵƻͨ
֣ˣɰǵȿˡ
վһˣЦ
ϵôϣЦͻȻף֣ôȥ㲡
ˣˡֵ֣ˣûб˸ٰɡ
Ц̵ģⱾ¿Ƥ⻻ģƲᱻ˸ٵġ
ܵܺ磬⻰ʲô˼
ûǱġ
ЦһЦ߸ĸ֪ߺҲ
ʱ߳ɣľͶơ
չִкȥ˵ɡ
ɱ
աЦܵܡСҰԼɣľ˾ٱһֶһ
ʹ죬ʹ죡
ЦһĨ죬Цֱһںռϣգһ̫ˣ¹ȥô죬Բţʵһ㣬š
ͷһƭˣֳɹϲûи£Ǻġ
һ㣬շǳ˽⣬ΪҲˣǧǷǳλõһŵˣر˷ܣЦʲôŵģԽ̰ĵ˾Խϵ
ԣȴֻһСƭְˣֵһᡣ
Ҳô˵
ЦҡҡͷϹҲϵˣϸڵİţʵ̫ˣҹʱȥǱ߳ĿľǸһڣֹ͵ȻҲֹ֪ҿȴ뵽һֹ͵ǵĽӡ
ҾĻǣȾϵ͵ϣǮ
ҡͷЦ㲻ʲôԸǮǲŽй¡
ɣľֵʲôڸУҲ̫ˡ
ЦͷһԶԶԣڸоʲôûŪס
ЦνĴڸУֻһּڽ׵ʱҹ⼫ٳɣľˣоҲȥγһ־ʶһΪɣľ½䱸бģһиӳԶĺΪǰѹעϣһʱ΢һ㣬ǾǺҵĴڣҪһ˵ĴڸУֱӵİ취һͻߵˣڶԼ͵
˵Ҷ⣬һǾ̫ˡ
Цأҡͷ㻻ӵʱҺɣľǿɶˣ̫ˣգ۹ųһ亹ƫƫȴһҲûз붼Щ¡
ЦΪȾ֪һȥӡ
ɣľ˵ӻӵٶ̫ˣҵʱ۶ûգûп
ЦҲǾȵֱͷ
ܵͻȻ˹ٺٵ磬ҺСҰûпٱһθǿ¡
СҰֱͷ
ʲôÿ޷ǾɣǶҲܹġշƵֻǺСļ
Ц㻹˵Щڼϰٱһθưɡ
ҪҶóˡռǶҪرܵܣſؿˣæһƿСӣУҾڱһθơûӣɣŪһƣʵࡣ
˵ţóһöͭϣǿˣöͭҿ泯ϵġ
ϸһƣ׷׵ͷ
ָſ򻺻öͭңڿҪӽöͭҵϷʱͻȻһʮ֮졣
˶һʱöͭѾǱ泯ˣ׷׾г
⡪ôģ
ЦŵöͭңǿһֱŵģȴҲûмսͭҷ
ָֻ̧һöͭңܼ򵥣ʵлһö泯ϵͭңɨͭʱѾǳٵĽϵͭȻĵͭҷԭȵλϣֻעϵͭңҵ֣ٳûͭҲ𣬿ȥͺ֪Ľͭҷ˹ⲻ۷ˣʵô֡
ԭˡЦͷɣľĳͻĿľҪӽעɣľϣΪȡһ˲Ĺ򡣡
յͷ
ЦôҲ벻ʵװֻ𶧺һ壬ҲѾҷУٺ٣ҲģһͲǡ
ߵǱծʱֺԸһöͭ壬ʵľ̫ˣһ嶼᲻øǡ


70 
ԭȻͬģǸЦӣװĲȫǽӣֻӣһۿֻӶѣȻΪװȫǾͽӣЦʱҲֻǽַóˣ󣬾ѾƲУΪյûӣϲؽӡ
ڷͻ֮ǰɣľߵмƣĿľΪ΢뿪ӣڵʱһֱ͵ĺȴûкȾƣӵģȵͻʱչǱȥһ̽Ӹ˰ΪʲôҪһ˿񣬾Ϊ˷ֹʱ
ȻΪͻøӺڵһμ˷ʣҲɣľڶξͲԵͻأˡ
Ϊմһݾûһֱվһԣ͸һƵãɣľǸɢעʴڵʱûע⵽ȵЦͼҪߣһң͸û˲ˡ
Цҡҡͷ¿ˣΨүӣ⻹öүӰæ
ϾɲһǮЦõóǾŰٹᣬǵһ¥ҪóôǮҲǷǳѵģΪЦң޷ҲòôͭǮȻЦûĴŰٹȥֻڱһͭǮ涼ʯͷãһϣҲǹƴˣΪɣļ̌һǧ˰ٹ·ʵǾŰٹᣬֱӼһ롣
һ׷Ҫүȫ֪ˣΪû׼ЦܵôǮ±Ҫ֪硣
ЦٺټЦҵϰæ⻹ķҵæ
ԭƻУѸĲ𣬶磬ΪƻȻҪ룬һҪ󣬰ЦԲѣǺչ϶ӦģǾЦڽ׵ǰһ¸֪磬ΪʱƻѾڽˣȥΨһİ취ǰЦЦ⣬ôƭ־͵ʵˡ
ȴֻ֪֪£Ա󣬲Ҫæ
ڵϣվСҰȥЦ͵͵ȳȵ֪Цˣ϶ϵЦȥˣҲ֪ЦĸԣŵĻܻẦЦˣͻЦϾôһӣǸϽڼҰһУŪһܳؽӵļ
ڸǰ򣬾װãҪ֪һڵ£һ¼ЦȻĳһɣˣﻹס
նԴ˵ǲ̽ȥϾ취йģⶼǽ棬ʮֵİܹɹĵһ˵ʱʲô⣬ҲĻ϶Ҳ֣˾ͲˣҲ˷ģһǰѽӸóȥˣҲûУΨһܴģӵһ˲䣬ԣ治һ£͸ǵĺͶһǰվŶٸˣǶ£ͻȻʵˣǸʲô
Цһ⻰ƺʲôƵãæǸˣûпҿˣĴȥңǮǳʮȤ
ȻյĿĲֻҪƭҵļҲҪĻ֮Ҫ֮ʩ֮
ʵʱʹЦҵļҵΣЦȻһϾһȦģٻЩ˽⣬ǸߺգҵǮҪءūΪΪҷŸĶЩũũʲôǮǮֻȥծ
ЦͭǮ϶ࡣ
ڵ֪һԺ󣬲Źⰲɣľǰ˹ƻҵˣĿľֻһȥǮΪ֪Ǳչӣһת֣Ǯ̾ͻˣԥȥǮ
¿ɺˣǮƭˣǱֽ˲Ǯ
ƽʱǴҪծǳˡ
ɱСЩ𱣬Ȼλǳʵģʲôطǿѵĳܶ๫Ӹ綼ȥЩǵĹϵ˵Ҳ͸۸Щʵͽũ˼ҽ֣ҲǮô
ûʽ𰡣
յΣ
ЦһĨŭ⣬ǰϾ˲ٹǣЩ飬ʱҲƵ̫˵Ǹһ¹ȥǮŶĴ֮ȥˣӰæһصȥһӲûд
˼ù壬ȻҶ𣬵ûӣҪҰæұҲûɶ飬ЦĹϵôܻæ
Щôô侮ʯᡣԸźǳأ
ҹûˡЦҡҡͷΪҲһգܶͿǲˬܻǡһҾ㲻Ҳֻʣ°ˣҿǻΪ
ྭӪʮ꣬һͻص˽ǰ
ⶼҵġ
ЦһЦЦ㿴ǧҪ棬ҪסҲƭ˾ŰٹᣬҲͦġ
ЦͷҵѾ˵ˡ
Ǿͺá
յͷȻЦʶ̫ãЦԸ̫ˣЦֻᱧƽȥ£ˣѾһˣǮȻʱܶǿ˵ãɣľ¼Ȼ㷢ģǾ˵ɡ
ʵ滹һƭߣ˾ЦĿǰ֪ʵǺɣľͨõģǺŲЦֻЩ̫עĿˣ˵ģ̫ˣɣľͱ÷ǳˡ
Ȼ˵ģǮҲɣľСҰܵԼһͬţͷСҰܵھڴϵȺֻǶǴŶҵģڴϣû˿ǵӣڽӵĻΪǺյİԽͻصˡ
ɣľҡͷǶ𣬵ڴ֮ǰǺ㰲ŵģҲǮ£ӦɺڱǮֻΡ˵ЦӣΪΣ
Цûûεˣƽô࣬ͷǳգְɡ
ȻͿǺˣɣһŰٹǮƽ֣ÿһٹᡣ˶٣ڼƽʱ˲ٰգкܶǮЩյѪǮҪǾôΪУҲ̫ʣǾһóһٹǮͷȥ֮ЦǾЩգ͵¡
ʵںҲǮһЩƶɽĺӣǸŶӣרŵ˵ϰߣҲ˵ԭ

Цͷͬ
ɣľҲͰ˵İɡ
ЦͻȻˣɣľô죿ڹٸͨǡ
Цʹݣڹٸ϶Ϊɣľǻȫӻطɣȥ򲻻뵽ɣľǻݣݲȫĵطǾٰؤݾˣмǲҪǣȷȥ֮취ǻɣȥ


71 ˮ

ںֻҪһľĦ쳣ֻ˫Ŀϣ˫ֻеʽĴ齫
ФȴǾȣʮĴ齫գһˣơ
㣬ǳǧôܲҰУôȥĻҲǺͿŪʲôãƫƫŪ齫֪齫һ治ģˣͻȻһʵФƣЩҹƽЩʲô
Фһ㶣黭
ЩҹЩиë𰡣ֹһ䣬ֵأǰϲʲô
Ф£١
٣ѽҿһ͸ͲǲҴ齫ˣҲѰ˼ȥ·ˡͻȻһסӣϣϡ
ФƼ£ĵôˣ
ճ鶯ǵۡ
Фһۣͼǲéûϴ־ͳԶ
ףⲻҵ̨ôղûбֿڣҡͷҿûôţֻéȵ£ȥϻé
˵ţ齡
ƸոãФҲͷϣéʲôһȥɡ
ﲻҲɣģһ֪߻ħˡˣֱӳ˳ȥȻ󡪡Ȼˡ


̵ģﻹǹݣé׼ϣҿߵĿ죬Уɲôȥˣһ»éҪҲ׼ϣǿô죿õõãھȥŪˡ
ֹľȥ
ɸڣտһС˷ۣšʵФҪéҲûеϾʵ̫Σˡ
գͻȻ֣ıﺰͺԼżƵá
ѩ
ѩһ꣬ĻӶ˫֣ԼֻܹЩֵֹΣµһҲϽ
ѩǰװӣռ
˵ѽòãÿ˭ȣФȻһ㣬׳һ㣬޴һ㣬ٺոһ𣬻ƽƽģϲŭЦʮ⣬ѩǰλ̫ˣ빧˵˼ǰ˭ϲַʽĽһ̣ȥФƴ齫
ѩһС㷶ʮ㡣
ûа취ջòõЦ԰
ѩԵ𣿡
̫񡣡
չһѩģȻ֪ѩˣֻȥġ
ѩͻȻɫصʵصģҹһ¡
ҲȺմ𸴣;ֱϵһôȥ
òôţѽǣǲҲȥҶ֪Ҳһʾ䣬Ҽֱ氡һ̾ʵʵĸ˹ȥ
ѩһô£תֱ˵һ£Ҳڴɣ˵ʱ˫Ŀֱźա
һ㶣漴ûйϵǳȻ
ѩУôܿգԭΪֻϴһϣҲûʲô׼ϻ˼һޣȴһöûУԾֱˣû뵽շϵ˸ɴࡣɵĹڣҿ֪ģǰЩ£Ҳһ
һδҲ̫ˡһϿҵ˵ʵҿʱǴ޴еı飬ȷоǳʹ죬治ҸɵģȻҲ̵һôǶͶģұƭһ£ûκθϵ
ϻ̹֮ϣΪ壬ûдĲؿɲͬȻӶӯǲûзƭˣһԶ׼ƭڣ⺫ǴҲϵģǺﻹЩһѩ֮¸˼ګ˼ګ϶ᷴӦġ
ѩ۵δҲ̫˰ɣΪʲôйء
ʲôǣһҲòڨڨǺɣ治Ҹɵģˣʵе֤ݣʱأҷƭ㣬Ҳƭ㡣
ѩߵƭңУƭ˭
Ůǰǳ𣬻һҹãˮ̾˿ϳϿҿҵƭ㣬ΪǼ£Ҿһˣʱˣ붼ңҲͻҼͭ壬Ȼʶ֣еĵģһǮǾһ˵һֻһƭ㣬塣
ѩ˵Щͦ˼ģûбҪƭңϻҲͦʵ̹һСϾѽɫ˼ֻ֣ʶѣȻ㣬ֱ˵ˣƨ
Ů˻αѽƨô˵ôյ䶼Ƿθ֮ԣƨ
ƨһѧʣ˵Էģͱˣҵƨѡ֣ΪһǧˣȻϴ˵ƨ϶ͶãȻˣ¸ʲôֻҪֵȥģŬȥģڷܵȥģһеȥģôƨʼջᱻ˽ܵġ
Ҫ±˵αˣΪʲôȥ
ˣҲᡣ
ѩһֵ֣ɻǵϻ˵Ļ
յͷҶǵ÷ǳָ֪һ䣿
⻰شĺǵãǴʱɲ˵ǣԾͰ⻹ѩ
ѩǷһ顣
ģôùɣ


72 ٰ
䲻֪򣬵Ҳ֪϶ʲô׵£ѩʲôˣǵ˲Ͷҽ֮ʱôһũСӰæϻ뵽һ㣬ˬĴӦ֪ѩˣǰʯͷԼĽţȴһı飬ҵȻǵãҪҰæ㾡ܷԸǣֻҪģһ岻ݴǡ
ⲻҲˣҲƲϽԼ𰡣
㻹˵㻰
ѩںյĻشǳ⣬ͷɫȴЩԥǴ¹شй¶˳ȥСͷء
Ҿ˵ɣ϶ʲô£ⶼû˵Ҫͷˣ˵˵ĻųնҲˣˣһ׬˵ģۿôôˡ
ȥһҪݺݽѵФһΪʲôͲס˻嶯ģ£ӵӦüʱֹѽéʲôϵģ齫ҪİСʵ㲻Сй¶ȥġ϶֪ʲô˵ʲô˵ѩžͦ׵ģȻҲ
ͬҲͷءѩ
ǹ壬蹫ƽյͷǬϣ
ѩһЦһۣϹ˵һһЦԻŮ̬һڣ̲ԼЩʧ̬һԹ֪ΪʲôҺҶȥ𣿡
ѩ˵ģյȻ֪ϻڹ֮ϣЦᵽ֪һЩΪӡ
ǣȫǡѩʵҳ߼۴չӡ

Ƿ֪ΪʲôͻȻչӣ
ҡҡͷʾ֪
ѩû˵ǳĬúðΣѹΪǰЩӣҵŪϵϵĽ

ͻȻԼͦԵġ
ѩԳƵĵͷ¼򵥵˵һ顣
°ôȥ˵ΪƸҪڳһΰǾϵһΪϵǴΪĵطֹϵһڴˣﵽٹлǶʮ鱦ðˣҲֻлʵܹõ
֮󣬾ϵݣٴȥ
͵֮˼ګûмȥôʵһƬТģ֪ĸŷôĴبδУ˵ɸɮģգĸ׿Ŀġ
Ϸһʮֿģΰݣֱһع֮ͻȻ־⴩ĶǾ͸Ͻ˼ګѽȥ
һʱڣݶ˺֣𣬹ٸҲһֱѹҪЩ֪϶ò˼ګ治ҴĵѺͣһһһĸѺͽȥݣˮȥ
֪ŸճݲãجľʹˣһּȫûҲɡ
ˣҪ֪һʱգˣ϶˼ګȻƾҵĵλͷأб⡣
˼ګżѽϽȥ׷飬ֲȥֻȥ飬׷գأûϢȻ񳤰ǱѾˡ˼ګļ٣Ӿͳ⣬˵ҲûмҺβŪЩӣ٣һӦţһ׷飬ȵҵǰȥһͺ˵ˣƸڿ϶ῴҵķϣһ棬ϾѾһˡ
취ֻ˵͸ˡ
˼ګȷʵûа취ˣҲֻҽչһ¡
滹һ󰸰
հֹһ䣬ѹҼŸ߼չӣң˼ګƭһҲԵĲɣҲΪ¡ףΪʲôѩ⡪ܰЩʲô𣿡
һũСӣȥҽ
ѩɫȻҲûа취ġ㵱һƭȥһǮƲ𴩾ŵƵĹƣͦа취ģϣ취һؽ
д¶Ǹڰף֣رȴ£ȴһжģǰؼĴҹ㣬ϾǾŷŮҪϽͬǳףϧĸףļҲǷ£߶һЩֻ֪ԺֵѣҶǹٻӵܣ⣬֪ĶѾ֪ˣ֪Ǿ˵治ܸǡ
ȥ뵽˺գһȫûκϵҲ޷ҴµˣֻҪһߣϾ¶Ļ̻̣ǳĳƣһʵŮ˶ǳ棬ȻǷǳơ
ֻ£ҺգҲֵĿҲӲ濴Ƿǳκյġ
ͷɱжˣҲҾ͸ҲˣҪȥԸһˣһܰ㣬ȥһˣܰﵽĿ˵΢΢
Ҳ֪ͦΪˡ
ѩʧҲûǿ󣬵Ȼûа취Ǿ˰ɣǧ˵ȥ
ʧ䣬ĪĸеھΣҪǵһ⣬Ҷ֪ȥ˵ףҵȷǷһ顣ˣֵȱż취Ȼޣһ˼ƶ̣˼ƳȻ˵Ѻˣô֪Ӧò࣬ôܻˣҪһֻ͵ĽҲ°
Ϊѩ˵һţ岻Ҳкܶĵط
ѩⲻˣ˼Ե


73 ֱ
հһԵ
ѩͷӻЩ˵ѺͶе߸ǵķҩȻֹһЩɱ˽ٻ
Ŷһ
ѩһҲ͵ģһˣ˻ţĸˣǺҵ˸ȥʱŷֵģҽǾ˻ӻԣǰȥ̽·ˣûгԶٷˣͷʿжˣǻܱѣ˳ҵ֪ºҶǰȥ׷飬ϧδ׷
ʵ˿вݣ
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ѩһ㶣Ȼ̫ˣ뵽ô࣬˵յΪ˱ģȴְԻϲܹҼһؽƭңǡҲԭ


78 
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Ƿ񶨵ġ
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ǰʮಽԶʱͻȻ˽ŲǽյţĴĽŲó
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ѩ͸һЩ㣬վǰһʱ֪ǺãԵ÷ǳԥ
ƽǵһǰʱôܻһǱ̧ȥģ˯ƵģȻ˰š
ʵҪǻ˵Ļ϶ȥţȻӵѶʵϴڽճͷûˣʵʱӵ֣ǡǡ֤ǰģòϣǾ㳳ҲԹ䣬ȥ˯
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дŭˣʹҪɱﵣԺ齫ˡ


79 ֮
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Ĩźôһ˵Ҷʱоɽ󡣡


80 ʼ
ʵ˵ף˼ҲǱˣʵûа취ˣΪûʱȥԥˣҪȥҲعģԵĻȻ뽫ΣһũСӣǻ˵չֳĲǣҲȥźա
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Щ֪ܺ߼Ҳ׷׸ã˰˾ʮѽЩ˶ǼеĶⶥһʮͥǵüɣ˺ѷεĿڸõϿ
ݳǶš


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81 ͽ
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82 Ĳ˳ʺ
ԹľûֹͣԹδйһܹϾĲ
ģҲ
ƳҲ⣬Ȼģһֱжķڡ
ݳǽһڣֻһȺͽΧһŴƴĽţ˫Ŀ죬¶󺹣ģЩͽǾ˵ơ
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88 а
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ǮҲǺյԸص֮һסǮġ

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ңǰѩһ仰ҲˣҶѾǳϤٷƵİôҪ˵һͷɷɵģ¶ͷϣݵһڶָƣҲ˷ˡҪ֪һκ⣬СҰܵܡЦɣľˣФƣܵǣġ
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ģͻȻޱȳһУҫ۹ʣǰΪҪִǷýϴ֣ЩؼʱֱˣһԵͺǸԼδ˶壬ǻŻʲôȤζԣΪҪģҪڣ
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91 СҰ
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ոɽǰܵܵƺڳ裬СӹûͦġҲǷǳ棬߽һֻܵܶŶ̺֣ǳģ¶װԲԲĶƤһֻ֣Ťβһ⣬ҡڵĲ˵ﻹС
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ܵȻȥһѣúô˵Ҳ˵ʲôŶһ۾ȴԾĿСҰʧķ


92 Եĵ
ԭþûмԼýǺúˣһһǳĵ£ҲǳڴϧСҰһߣպܵλ˵·϶˽˵
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Щƽδ˰Եĵ⵶ƺͲɱ˵ģɽģģᵶûˣС˼漴תܡ


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СҰСȴҲдҷ緶˶ߣûȥ׷ֽһӣߵǰСȴѾϾﻹаײУ뷽ǸСҰֱˣֻйģҲ̫ĺպܵˣԼղɱˡ
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ȻСҰֳǳײеһ棬ܵҲǳ£ǺСҰ֪СҰǵģСҰȥʮָˡ
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պܵһۣȻСҰɽⶴѨСҰǿɵĽȥܵȻҲȥĿռ䣬ܣںգ͵õͷȥˡ
ʮڣֲָֻǽߣܱܵϾСһĨǽһ־СҰ·
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תһ룬ΪʲôҪЩˣȻѾˣα£´ģӦûϣ˿ǿأܻˡ
ճ˼Ƭ̣ͻȻ˫ü̧ˣˣ񣬶ʴûȥֿȥ͸źʵ͸һɲϷİǲȥǲԸȥ


94 ͬ
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ϵڴˣλӢ۵ķĹˣϵķĹʲôأʵϵķĹʦô
СҰҡҡͷɫȻ
棬СҰ
ðΣСҰŵǡҡҡ

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ȻδλʿǴλӢۿǰʯͷϵǼ仰һӢۣĩƳʱаӢۣûмɼҲʵǷⲻҪҪܹ˼ɵգȥ£ڴˣûмӢˣ뻹ЩΪ˲ȴչһ֮ʿ
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СҰѵ˵Ȼ߳⣬ðΣֻһֻһ̳˽һ̳滹һСƿӣպܸܵϽӹһֻ̳̳ӳģʵǾô
СҰͷʦʦġ
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ͷȴһͬĸоСҰΪĸ׵óĬԣǡǡҲΪĸĹϵڻڶڰ鶼ʧȥġ밲οСҰ뵽ԼУʲôʸȥˣûһƣֺһơ
ܵСҰߴ˵ĲͣСӴаͦµģһõﶼģûΪĸѣøһףͷǳֹֻۣ˵ʲôСҰĸһǷǳϲģ͸ĸһֻʱʧǡ˵ʲôĸһûк㣬Сʱ£ĸҲֻǽ̵Ҽ䣬ûк޹ңĸôԼĶӡ
Сһڣͣɿ»¼ĸζãθһˣСҰҲСҲ뿪˵ܵ˵ĸĸҲ˵ԼĸȻĸЩ񲣬ĸⶫҲģս֮ǰĸӶ˵Ҳദķǳ֡
ԾţȼھƣţеľƾҲûмٹˡ


95 
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ܵܲͬܵÿÿСҰߺղģԸȥȥο㣬ΪϲһֵķΧ£뾡취㿪Ȼûкǰ㻨ÿÿ䶼ǷԷθУ׸Ⱦˡ
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96 ϴǮɨβ
˴˵ĺգȻɥҲڱŵŶҳЩٺݣҲûкЩɣ̺ݰɣңӶԷõֶԷյȻ̫ˣģҲǺܺ£һеģ˼άϾѾϰΣգС˼
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շŰ۵㣬׵Ȼ֣ԼҲŵģ㲻Ϊ⼸ףȫǰһ˶İɣ顣
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Фƻ治ǸЩӣ׾ܵܶһ¾ѧˣѧϰ죬ûѧᣬФһǳܿɹǾִţԽѧᣬƫƫҪѧᣬĪҪкƲˡ
ˣˣ춼ˣ͵ɡ
մӳ߳Ů˻ƴ٣ҡͷŮִ¡ֵݹȥһˮȵˮɡˮҲѾպˣȥϴϴɣһܲ㡣
𣿡
ФˮˣϽ̧ţգһҲſ
˵Żͽ쵽ǰ
ʵ˵ǡǡǷǵһһɵζʵ֪ФģΪǼκϵģФߣܹŵһɵ㣬ֻӲ˵ˣһֻ˵ФƵȱ㡣
ͷФƻҪŵԼҸ£ѧФƵҵҲһ㲻ſ
ФƸϽסӣǶġ
еˮҴȥ˳һͼһͰˮ˳ݺݵ˺һۣɲ׼͵
պߵΪʲôҪ͵ʲôġ
Фһ㶣⻰ʲô˼˵Ĳô
յѵôҪŵĻҿزڵġ
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Фһ
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ʰ󣬺һԲľϣϵ·ǣͻȻ˼СǣҲ֪ƤôأûɢǱ׷ɱȥˡ
ǵһתͷһֻһλȶ˵ĴһͰˮվǰףô
ԼҲ֪Ϊʲôһϴϴ裬ݵҲϡ
ҵˮȥˡ
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Լ˵㶼ǵء
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ΪʲôҪ١
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ʲôõģպߵͷ¶ÿϵⱳ˵˹٣㵱˹٣Ҳֻǰȵģһڲô
ФԴһ˿ϲǴסһ𣿡
أҡͷҲһס϶Ҳû˼һ뵽߿
⵹һﻰƣûɻڴҲû࣬ûȥıʷǽ⵱һΣ뵽ȥƷ羰Ƶķ飬һ붼÷ǳȤȥ޿ӡڰˡ
ФգգǳԵ۾ǡô
յвС
Фɫһ䣬ȻС
˫һţ㻹ʡ˵žվȥ
ȥ
ϴ衣ɲ׼͵ˡ
ФһҲŲϡˡ
ҲԣѾˣۣſһۣᷳˣҵô𣿡
ǲҪ
Фһ첽ȥˡ


100 췴
ڶһ磬աФƶŸոܵܡСҰСһˣǱϾףϲ֡
³һЩлܵܡСҰ뺫ʶôãǵһγյգرܵܣһ˾ͳʮݵĶӣʾԸɻˡ
ЪЪ͸
ֽԼ֮ܵܺСҰһסܵܡСҰ󣬶ǳ˷ܣҲî˾
ܿ죬ҪϢȫ壬⵹֮У׬ǮˣҪǸʲôģҲ޿ɺǣΪճִ󷽣ҳԷҵֵҡؼҵľףԴ񶼷ǳмգæѾӽβˣҶͦеġ
ûգæͻλ
Ҳǣÿ춼ٲȻ󽻸ǣæҵһ͡
СҰ÷ˣȻ÷ûʲôźգ˿ٲˣܵܵĻһȷŮͨɱټְ˵ܿ÷塣
죬СҰؼȥգǾŪ˯ţҲʲôĸҲı¡
ʱ֣վó齫֣齫һʱô׷ʵ̫Ȥˣûа취ֻ帱齫
С֣㵹ǿ㰡
ֻӡơܵܡСҰϯΧһŰ齫
Ϊܵܳ˵¶Ƚϳٶۣ齫ַǳ棬ֿǣãֵܵһߡ
Сأһ㣬̩ɽһӣʮ㣬ĪĪС롣
·ĺռСģ̲סǺЦ˳
ܵתͷȥգæ硣
ǰС֣ͲŸʲôһöûС
ܵҡͷҲҲƣǶͲǾͲһҲûгҪȥһԲܴ򣬲ܴ򡣡
һ㶣˿ƣԴȵС֣㻹ͦ츳ġ
ܵܺٺЦЦԲһ򿪴򣬽ͲͲϡ
ΪıȽϰһ˼άôľͱȽϸ壬ǵľͱȽȫ˵ÿ¶ģкþл˼άҲþǺ£˼άٶҲþһǻ£ⶫǼʼǣκΪ˸еԱʲôģеǣҲıãÿܻôһģΪÿ˵Ը񶼲ͬ
Ŀһɨһ֮ɫĵлһԾͲֻͲЦЦһ뿪ˡ
Ĵ˿ִҶ齫УȸŮлǿԼɷһ߿Ͷ뵽һսУֻһӰæµš
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㲻ϲ齫˭ˡյ˵Һ񾭳߶Ƶá
ФƵѵô
ǵġһ˵߶дô˵ţФһϴ
Ф˺ۣûз¶һ˿΢Ц
ҹ
һĺǰսɨβ֮ǰ˯ڵϵܵܺСҰǺñӣܵţͲҺˣȻĵЦЦ
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ͻĵط
Ф㶣ͻȻӦ֪ͽûװʲôö
áۣۣ
աФƾһתͷһֻСֽͷһ֣Ƶ˵ʲôҲûʲôҲû
ǱСҰҲѧŻѣͷؽ棬ֻıĳ
Фߺ죬˺һۣ㡣
ң
յЦò
Ф۽Ǻէ֡
ʶľͽͷȥУңҡ
ʶࡣ
ФչһĿȴƳա
빴ңߣ֪ڻгôAHǸߴûм
ͷһƫȥˡ
ФȻı飬ʱӲϡ


ǵЩŬĿеС¥Ѿ߹ģΪһ׸ݵĹǴӺѧģÿһľ壬СÿһŶӶܹ淶ģڸǷҪȽĶ࣬Ҳ÷Ǵѧ˲֪ʶԭݻôǵģ˵ʼæģô˵ѧϰҪС
⣬ЩǷĹߣӵȶҲǴΪ棬׷׷죬ԤõЩ߽Ϊ÷ռбеĹߣ͸ǳͷһ
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Фͷ峤ü͸һ˿ǣʲôأ
Цûµģһѡ
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˵ԵĻ»ͲҪˣҲʲôΣյĵط
⻤һ㶣漴ͷǡ
ո⻤ȥڣԶԶֻѩվͤڶһе۵ģ
ռѩɫ죬˿ѩȥʲôͤڣֵռ
ѩۺգߣգ벻֮ˡ
У͸һԹ
նʱųһ亹ԼûôŰɣֶû塣˻˵
ѩ㣬Ϊʲôô죬㶼档
棿һũСȥһǧ棬ʲôͯǹҼңȻ⻰ɲ˵ڨڨԡԲЩе£һֱûгȥ
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ѩһתǮݣ
СҲҵĻǲЦֲҪʲôǮľͷʲôĶԼȥҲԼǣһЩװæǻǮЩʲôģϷ˸ЩƥѾӦˡ
ѩƲС죬ںյĻشƺǲ
տɲȥתʵôˣôûˣˣûȥ𣿡
˵ģҲ̫ʲôϾݵλˣҲûʲô˼
ѩһƵˣҶҪкһдСй档
մ㵵ӵôǡأﰵ˼ګ˰ɣ
ѩǰҵ߸Ѿˡ

һҪô
ѩһ췴


101 
췴
һȥһƵ㲻ڿЦɣ
ѩôЦѵ֪ô
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Ĩһ亹˼һ췴̸ɫ䣬ѩ˵췴ʮƽͺ˵ԷûСһúѩʵݸ췴ô
ѩƤķ°ۣҪݸ췴һôɵô˵ˣҵ𣿡
ԭѩԺöŮһһ쵽ڼ廨٣ϲкһԣ棬˼ګڵĻһŷǳףһ㶼չɴ棬һҲΪ˼ګæѰ˼ҽܹ͵͵һ˼ګˣҪž͸Ӽˡ
ݣǾͻãԣǺԶĵطҲ˼ګȥӦþǸطʵǲ֪ʲôط췴ʲô췴
ѩݣ֪ô˵췴֮˾һŮˡ
Ůˣ
ճԵһûŮ췴ûʲôӡ
ѩͷ˵Ů˻ʲô̫ϾͽܣԳʥܹ̽绽꣬ٻ
ʥ̽
˫üһ̧Ŀ˸š
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ĨŴ󺹣ǰɣʷ˵ֻһλŮʵѽǾǼʮ죬ʲôʱðһŮʵô
ѩҾͲˣҵǽӵݴ޴ʷȣȥģҲǺܺá
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ѩҲ˵ҪΪϪ֮ʱ֣Ůִа̣һͽ
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ѩһЦҲΪģҪǰĻһôһ㣬Դϻһ֮ұҲЩ֮˵ˡգҿװŪþͱŮ˵Ҳ췴
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ѩʱҾӦýҵһȥ

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ѩΪȥŮ˵װŪĻԶԷʿһһش

һʱô˼ګ˵ˣ˼ګпǿ飬ֲȥ¥ȥѽ¾û뵽ңЩ¾;뵽ңѻȥڨڨ̫ˡ
һһûһţһʱˮ˵ˣѩŻȥˡ
ѩȥ󣬺һؼҵ·ȥһ˼ţʥ̽վŵͺ¿˵Ľʥ̽ɣ˵ĻǰЩЩѵҲʥ̽ģҪĻһһ鷳ǣ궼ƵˣõںЩôδҲ̫С˰ɡ
ˣҡҡͷԣԣЩӶҲǺܶ࣬Ϊʲôŵͺ¿ҪصأЩ鱦ѵѵ׼ʲôʹڵģ
뵽Щ鱦Щϵ˿ԽԽпܣ鱦ʹڣ˿ۣ찡ʲôЦ˼һŮ췴ͦˣڻҳƵۣǽü㵹ãŪҴʷϵһλŮʵʹڶûôҵĻҷǵýж˿飬ҿɵСѽ򲻿Щš
ţͷ϶Ѿĺ飬˼ګЩˣȻ̫Σˣĳô
ߣ
ǰ˺һ
͵̧ͷһֻФվǰ棬бףôˣӡУФƴδ÷壬һҪʲôҲȥ
ФƵŮ˭
ʲôŮˣ
Фƺߵ㻹ƭңղҶˡ
Ŷ˵ѩЦΣⲻô

ФŭɲҪҵˣ黨ǲأ
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أ
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ԿɡФƺһʵңŮ˭ĻҾ͡Ҿƴˡ
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ФƵҵȻȥ˰
ôͣշ·𿴵һѪ缴ݣЦУҸ㣬Ů˾ҵŮȥҺˡ
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ҡ
Ф㳵룬㣬գ׬Ǯһ£붼룬򡪡㿴
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ҪĻҵøϽȥ檣Ҳ֪ϵС椶ǮһҪҪ˳
ʲʲô˼ŶŶգףˣգб±ܡ
б±׷


102 ɺϣı
Ȼûж飬Ҳ֪йһλŮʵ۲ӭϣ죬ôðһŮʵѵΪңѽûʲôΪҾͶһŮʵⲻѧѽôһŮʵڣôӦһҲ֪ǹա
ջصҺأǰ˼⡣
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˽ֵֻܵܶӣһ°ͣȵ磬ʲô
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ФƵʱΪֻΪԼҽڣû뵽˵óõ
ȥ⻰Ҳ˵ġշ˷۵ϲΪԼҽڰɡ⣬ûеٵˣҲ֪ٳնŪþȫʬҪȥҷȥġ
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Фһ̾˭˲ڣֻ˶ɼȴδ˭ܹڣʫƣ֮£Ī֮ĪҲãҲգֻҪмݣзǱµĳôǳʲô˻ϣֻڲϵЭЭ
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΢΢һȵǻ˵ģ
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ųҩˡФһһֱֻֻܴ˿ҵȱ㣬һҲûйעҵŵ㡣
һҲܹѽ˭ȱôԣѲע⡣˶٣ֵ˵Ļͦе˻ϣǲϵЭЭˣ޸ҲЭ𣿡
Ф㶣ͻȻµƬ̣ЦǺǵҼ޸ɲЭڷ
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Ƭ̣ФͻȻգڣڰΣܹڣΪӵգܹڣΪӵд󺣣Կգȴ޷գܹ󺣣ȴ޷δ󺣡
óĬΣͻȻȥҹǣ΢΢һЦҲ˵ĶԣӦ˵˵ĺܶԣʵҲˣǣû룬Ǹʲôֱ𣿡
Фһ㶣Ȼ̧ͷҹգ¶һĨ΢Ц


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أ𴲣Լĸݴҵշ£ȫһжûзƵãֻһũѣҪȥ췴£ǾЩ̫ΪˣȻ¿ܸЩϵҪģҲ㲻ˣĺҲһµˣӸùùǹη绹ꡣ
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աܵܡСҰ˶һô£Ű˵ĴҲȻԵá
ͻȻСҰĺյĸ첲ָԶ󡪡磬㡪쿴
˳ָķȥֻһؤԶСǻţüͷһ壬ôأ
ܵܿ˿ףǸ˺񶫺ơ
յܵţСҰҹȥ
š
СҰ˲ûֱȥؤǱߣСϪǱȥСϪϵһ£һؤƵʱ̼ӿ˲
Ƽ
ǰʱ̱ȭһ
ҿ˿æЩ˰ɣ˿˲á
ǡ
ջ
üͷôˣҲǺôɣľأ
ƵͷĬ
һе磬㵹˵ѽʲôˡ
ͻȻ̧ͷֻۿԴһ˿ʵ֪ǿǷٰ࣬һء
մ㵵ǣʲô
ҧгݵǱ𡣡
𣿡
Щ㶣ʲô𣿡
Ƶɱɱ֮𡣡

˫üһ̧㲻˵ǵ޶Ǳܸɱô
Ƶͷԭ˶Ϊ޷ˣû뵽ǰգһУǼ
ʲô
վһûп
ƵǾ㻯ɻǶϴġ
ͻȻ뵽ʲôƵãʵˣʲôطܽɱģ
Ƶݡ
ݡ
˫üһ̧


103 Σ
ݣݣ
ϲôɵ°ɣ
ѯϸ
ԭڴ֮ǰ˶ǳӺյİţؤϱһߣǰһбʱʮˣ⼸ʮȻͷңǻһ˵òɱɣľӵ֣˼ۺ죬ɣľʱȥƴҿͶסͣʮ˾뿪
һϼƣԭȥ٣ԼҲڱͨͨ٣ⲻǾ;ɣľиǣ뺫Ԯ
üҲ̫ðˣһԷˣǿǷǳΣյġ
Ƶǹ˲ôˣǱĻᣬҪǴҲܱˡ
гĬԴҲǳ⣬ǵģǾڣôʲôȥˣʵ˵ʲô𣿡
룬ҡҡͷΪʱ֮⣬ؤǵû˵ʲô
Ҳԣڣôܻ˵Щʲôճ˼ŮҲ췴߻᲻йϵйϵǳʲôģѵǡӪȾŵͺ¿ģǾŵͺ¿һֱηģǲηɣδҲ̫ðˣƾЩˣôܽΣٸ˵ҲСȵ¡
ͻȻɫһСҰȥɣľˣҪסЩˡ
СҰͷ
򶫺ƵǷģһǱ𣬵ǼסûҵķԸмǲҪһҪס
Ƽɫţǲǳʲôˣ
Ժǽ͵ġǿȥɣСһ㡣
Ŷ
뿪ˡ
뿪֮󣬺ջصФ˵ԼȥЩΪڼڸݣȷкܶණҪФƵҲûɣֻȥأָܵܣСҰȥ£ţ𵽴ܣŶ뿪ˡ
÷壬ֱӸȥݹá
ʲôˣ
ǰſڵòס˺ա
ǰ׷һ£һֱ˴򽻵ٲӴıȽ٣ʴ⸮õĹٲʶ
յλ磬ӵѣͷͨһ˵÷庫м
ٲ໥һۣǶʲôʱύô׵ѡ
֪ʲôͻȻɫһ䣬ȵǵ˴£ǵô
ٲһ±ôᣬе˼֣ӵѣףһ˵ڴԵƬ̣̽ȥͨ
һֻչɴ˳һգЦС磬㰡
չֵռӡ
񡣡
չɶںջΪ׶գߣǽȥ˵
л
ǰòչɾȻԳӭаԺ£ҿʱȥͨˣĻɾʹ˴


õĺڡ
Ÿһ£չɾԴһ˿ڴСǲͨˣҪæ
ڨڨһЦҽѯһ¡
չɼղͶģʧʵ֪Сʺ£
յǹ췴һ¡
չ㶣
յɷҴ˵
չɻ󣬵ô˵ˣ֪һĵҲʲôܣܶն֪ˣϾԷѾˣǵ»ôȥ˵ʱݵϪطһ겻ĺ֣Ϫصİ߲˲ˡ
պٸʱӦÿַôôˣ
չε˵ĲǵʱϪص֪زûз˰ڵʱϪŸ˳˶ɳ֮
ݵҲȫƭ˵ġû
չֵʱһŮӾȥ͵֣ٲˣϧǣûץסŮˣǹ˼ºϪر߾ΧɽһϢ˵һг˶ŮΧɽ̫Ͼ㻯ѧҷ̫Ͼ֮գ˵ںܶǰչķΪʱϪغܶն޼ҿɹ飬ȻϣǣԽԽȥΧɽΰݣֱϢ˶͵ֵˡ
ʵڵʱ򵱵عٸܣ˵˶Իڣͼı죬ٸҲȥץ˶棬˶ʮֽƻ׷鶼ûץֱ棬ͽű־ܣûգͷųˣҲ˵Ǹ˼ҳǮηġ
˶֮󣬲ûлڸģ䱾ԼͽһܱһЩܣڰǰͻȻ췴ԳʲôļѻʵۡҷһλطΪ䣬Ҳǳ˶÷򡣵ͻȻ˶滹е㱾£ĵ˶ӦϹݡطҲͩ®췴ѾﵽڣѾ˳մŭҸݾǰȥѹ
˶棿
Ŭ룬ȴһӡûУ鵽ʱٰ
ʵɲǺմĺЧӦʷϵȷôһڣйʷϣμũĸŮĸŮȴǣֳƻʵ۵ĸŮֻг˶һˡ
ϸ˵첢ǻʷϵһŮʵۣ˶ǵһλŮʵۣ߳Ƶʮֻ꣬ͳʵۣ˶ֻһʵۣûжþ͸ٱˣʷϼصķǳ٣Ķкܶ˲֪Ůʵ۵Ĵڣοûжˡ
սô
ʵ
չü̫ãһ֧ռݡͩ®һڹݣҵ˷ǰȥԮݡ
ݾǺݽһ
յԷһŮ֮ôɡ
ʵ˵ǵĹٱôݰɡ
Ȼûж飬Ҳ֪ƳľӻǷǳǿģֲֻһз˺֣ĵطǷǳƳڣ²ʱڣԷô˵ҲֻһЩɵģôû׼Ҳڱ޻֮
չɵҲԭ򣬴޴ʷҲ˵һ㣬һ֧ʵֻһЩں֮ڣǳ˶ƶˣڱʵ飬ڹ֮ǰбݣǵȵԮȥʱͻȻˣȫɢͷ·ʧһ㣬ûգǵĴͻȻݼϣγ˴ѹ֮ƣҳ˶ϸȻУԴؾһֲҿݴ޴ʷḻȶס棬ûбԷƣֻһѡ
һ棬Ϊնų˶ܹٻ񽫣˭֮ΪУ㽫壬ҲйٱʴˣҾʿ⣬֮⣬޴ʷŴػʿߣʿǰȥѡˣֻԮ
ݱǺʡɽһ
ԭˡ
յͷ벻Ů˻Щ£֪װսԷǴλսʵǲ֪ȥأ
չɵǧ񡣡
յݻʣ
չֵΪǰѾǧͽǰݣݾֻʣ²ǧˡˣЩʲô
ǧҵ찡һݵҵĵоֻһӣĿݡ


104 ᧿Σ
˵ʲô
չôʧɫ
µ񣬲˵ǲˡɫصӣʵʵһҲĪĹϵ

չɴ㶵źգ⻰Ҳ̫ˡ
ռ򵥵Ľ˵һ飬ȻڵԽһ£û˵
չĿɿڴû뵽ԭɨһͬҲǳԺ֮֡
ǸǶԲ𣬹ڴ£սԵڰжԸŵƵʱ͵һ̸ʲôʱҲδ⣬ֱ˵ǳ˶ɵʱԳƹʥ̽ŵһǰգҺܵĸķǰ˰ɱҲҿ϶Щ˸˶ʲôϵҸҿ϶ЩһǾŵƵͬ
⣬ҵļѻǰϽһݵǿΪЩǿٹǣʴǾƲϴġûôɵ£ŵǳ˶ˣôЩҪôӪȾŵƵģҪôͼıʱ
չɵѩȥҹ㣿
յͷҲǴ֪£ҾõĽΣֺãô飬ǳûݣôõĽö࣬ʱܾȳŵơ
չüͷ˼ΣҡͷܣܣҪݣ뾭ݻݵȵأЩطɶзġ
յӿɲҪǣתݵģǵʿһЩ𵶱ѾµǻΪ㣬װѵɽɱܿϱߵķߣҪװǮƣݶǳḻܹݣһش͢ʿܵõǳĲ䣬еǣС
չɫȻȻʪ͸Ѿߣʮֿ飬ðоʹһȺں֮ڣҲԵֵе˵ǻ
յ˸ŵġ
չɵǺãȷǵλãҼ̴˹ȥ
š
̳ùãȥ˽ͶѾԼڴ˼档

ʲôǸأ
ʱɣľơСҰ棬Ǵͷɥģһ֮£ԭǰ˸ˡ
ɣľյЩʵ̫ƻˣȥϽļУ漴ͷֿҺһֱŵģǸˡ
üͷ֪ҲֲǣϾԷµģôܲСģûбѾˣ԰οǼ䣬Ҹطʵûоȥˣ漴ͻسڣ¸֪չɡ

չɰһ䣬ʮְյѾ˶Ǿŵ̿ʣͺ¿ǲ졣
յӣǲᣬӦϽʿʱ׼ӭսܱصԮ
չƵҲ֪ҹְ΢ҸֲڣҸȨľӣѾ˴ȥñ߾ʿ÷Ѿ˿ȥ¸֪ҸˣҲ֪ü
˵ˣֻһٶйְҲ˶ѣôܽƾһ²⣬ܴܱݿñҪĻƳ񲻶ˡ

ֻһڱ˽ӣ²ˣͻȻðѾѾоƣسҲѾΧˡ
ô죿ղɵҲһΪüû뵽ˡ
ʲôչɾһǰһ־סڱ½󣬡˵ʲôһֱǳΣرأôܻᱻ׵Ĺơ
⽭ݣش˺ĵشֽӻˮͨʮַʴսҪأҲһϣǽʧأôտءҪǣƳʱڱڴ֣ҲǷͣǴ˵Ҫ֣϶˰أҲʲô˶ֵ֪ľλãǳΡ
ڱɥΪзǰӱͨͣ˹ǵֵġ
ͣ
չ͵һ
һԵĺҲһҪ˵ĻǿɾͷǳˣΪͱʿһְҵˣǰũģݵıʵ̫Ϥˣ׼ƣѩϼ˪
һֱǳ˶ˣͰ֮󣬲Ͷ˳˶棿
˼һ£ҲϾ룬ôͽǵͷ󻼣ӹɵġ
д
չһƿڱö½ţݾѱߣбȥȰ
յӣѾˣӦøϽǡ
չü˼Ƭ̣˰
ְڡ
̴˳ǣаռǣƬ̶

һҲ׹չȻҰѾں֮ڣͻȻ϶ûɶеôسǽȻҪȵһЩҶչɶԣסʤôҰӦ֮ߡϾ֮ôҲˢӣһͶûУ˼ګҲὫݽ


ڡ
̣᧿Σ㻹ȥݱƬ̡
չɼеϷ˵
˵ȥȽˣܷסôһʺš
Ϸһչ˵Ҫߣùµأ˵һ죬ӣŷ磬濪ʼսһֱ㸸ף汲սҲ̣ȴδսӣǵǿУҷǵôûõӡ
ΪƳǹбλߣʴ˹¤ĹǷǳţXģۡʣʷĴ󽫣峯ѽбǱܵģȤǣ峯ܵż·ŵݵʲôʹȥַħӣǱӻܣͬҲ˵ݣȻҲȫʣĩȺ۲⽻ȣҲΪ峯ˣѴӮչ˵ۣʣֱ¸ҡʺ֮ˣҲ춨ŷ硣
չҲпԣɲǵص⣬֪ŵжͬ˳ڣڱûжرˣҪǵолǿɾȫˣ̣Ҫӣֻͷѩǰݱܡ
Ϸ˵һϸˣҲ֪δսӣôӮ£ߣоƴ
վŵѩҲߵġ
ð룬Ϸѵı£йģ仰ǾʥּˣչҲ뿪ˡ
չһǵͨͨģ޵ݣ޲ھͳȥƴ
һֱĬĺͻȻϷˣӣ˵ЩǲЩ̫ʱˡ
ѩ̵գǲа취
ۣôҰռҶһʱԵЩܳ
Ϸ˵С磬취˵޷
յеȰڣҪĻץʱ䣬ЩݵܸץĻʱ⽻ɾ鷳ˡ


105 
Ȱڡ
仰ȻϽ˵ģγ˵ģͬҲ춨γĻγûԼɹУƳû˵⻰ǳǳ׶չҲԸΪǳͷ۲ѣƵ˵ҵȻ֪ȣѾϾҪٳˣݳ˵󲻴˵СҲСһʱԽЩҳ
յǰ治ȥѳİսӽ𣿡
չɫ䣬ϣãЩ˶ǵġ
˵Ĳ
յͷ˵в˶ܳɲǣҲΪʲôҵѸǰգأֻǳǻûйƴĻڵȴᣬǶǰԥľʵӵѲ£֪Է϶Ҳ֪ҲһڵȶٻǣȻûУô»ǲΪǣڲˣңҲȫǻ
˻
չˣϷ˺ѩһźա
ս͵Ƕ㣬Ѱ취ǣǻˣǻ棬Ҳ˵ǵƿУŶܲðǺ󵽴߰ɣܻһطţһҲˡ
չüˣҲ֪ǵ˭ܣȶԷһǳҶǱμ׾ֿºˡ
ǣ˽ǣʿסǣڣһԷǣôôֱȫӦоô͸ЩҵĻᡣ
ЦѵǣҵһʶеĳֻҪôˣ߳Ǳһһ
չɲɵһ
ϷȴǻУһң˼޹
Щε޷ģֻܾշɢţȻһѣʱһԿˡ
չɵһǲҲŷɢ𣿡
ҡͷһĿĿ϶ҪӪȾŵƵģҪ֪滹вǵͬǻϣҲһɲС⣬ݸãݸãǾıңҲ
֮ԸƶΪžŵѾһһСͷĿΪЩ鱦ʹڵģôصĶŵƹôĵλһС
չɵȻף׽ʲôϵɻйϵ𣿡
ȻС
յǱɽһðյĵصη븮ҲǺԶ⣬ǿ϶뾡취쵽һǾͿԽһСΧˣȻһǳԵĲ𣬾Ǵնż˵ģǲܴżģԽڣסţǾͿԽһϸֿˡ
ȻһһЩֻУŻ⣬Ҳ԰һЩεĵطȻǿܻ̺ѱһġ
չͷֿϷˡ
Ϸ䲻ԸˣҲ֪ǹغݵĴҪһ˲ˣǻǲܵģǵչȻݽ㣬ԼȫȨˡ
ǣ֪ˡ
ѩͻȻЩ˲ֻСҪǼѾգһҲа취Ըǵġ
ԺһٷֵΣʾ䣬ÿ϶䡣
չҲǴһ˿ڴĿźա
΢΢üҡͷҲδ̣ңԷͻȻҿûа취ǡֻһƭӶѣδϹսȥ̣ǾЩǿˡ
˻һչðϷ˶ǳʧ

¶ԥ֮ɫ
չæʲô
յҲ԰һա
չϲ̫ˣѾȥҵȣϵһգƴֵһգԮɸϵ˵ʲô취
Բ˼ЦЦ
չ㶣Цʲô
Բ˼ֻǳ˶涷ҵ
Ϸ˾ȵ㻹
յͷǻһ㡣
һԵѩͻȻ͡һ
Ϸ˲ѩ
ѩ򴽣û룬ʲô˳ƭ˵İϷ
ﲻ֪ʲôϽתƻҪֹܶæ
չɼæð죬ټȫǵĹ㡣
Ϸ˵²˳٣ǿЩȥɡ
ǣȸˡ


˳úãͻȻʲôƵãӣмǸ˵ˡ
ʲô£
ҵǸ˵ѣʵʵǷɣˡ
ɣˣ
չԴ㵣ֻҪܹҳɣ˾ͷɣˣʲôϵ
ڨڨһЦɣЩϸ𡣡
չһ㶣˵
յͷ
չɷǳɴ˵һܹǰҼ̡
յǺãӣȥҹ׼㹻Ļ¯һЩͭûͭһЩ塢ͭ壬Ҫһ߳εġȥҵѡ
չɵһȥɣ÷ҲҪǡ
չɰŶʮֻͺǰ÷壬ƳɲһɫȻǻֻ·»һ£ʱɲܳˣǿһЩչԼҲȥ֯ǵˣֽȥѳڵֹ


ǵڣСҰɣľţȻ÷ٽһߡ
÷ʱʱѾҹˣЩٱ´ʷðռǮϣǣ÷İһʼӦΪ÷شƫƧҲгţ췴¶֪գۼ䣬Ѿʹˣ̫˼ˡ
ҿҲڣǼ򵥽һ˵÷İգҸϽؼöֻһҹĹճʱͿʼճˡ
ΪҪǽФơܵܣ뿪ˣǼûʳһƥϾͿˡ


ڡ
ЩˣҲ췴ǻòͷˡ
ФƷǰһֱװ֪޷򣬺սߣ̾ߣһ仰ûж˵һڣͱԱ¶ƿڴ
մ㵵ôʲô
ܵܵͷʾҲ
ФһίܲݲŸոոǺãҶûסȥֵҶܻأѵͲô
Ϊոû뵽һ㣬ⶼʲôʱˣ㻹˵Щ
Фֱ׳Ҿһ˼ңָ˵ʲô
һ仰˵ĺƿԣŮ˵ǻ絯ȥţˣúˣֵУ
ܵͻȻʵ磬ЩΪʲôҪ췴
̾˿ȻûзˣȥˣȻ˭ֻԸ췴ˣеͷҲһͷҲһ
ФɫЩݣأԵֻẦø˼Ҳذɡ
ղƾƶ
ФƺߵСǣݹ۹Ž񣬵̫ƽʢ֮£˭ɹҴƹǿʢʢ˸񣬳һЩôһЩܣĻκ췴·һЩģ£ǲǣФƾȥͶǡ
˵棬··ǳ񶾵ԡ
ǰ溫ջЩһ䣬ŵ͵һּæ㣬˵Խò㺦ԼҲˣҪҰʲôͶǣ˵עò
Фһ죬εҲҲáһ˿±Ϫص˿ڻҪһǸϪذһ·ȴصİձƽ·ҲϪصİա
˵Ҳ޵ǡһ̾ҲȫǣҲǱΣҪ˵ѽⶼЩ̰ǳģһֱ̣Щ̰»䱾ǳʤһֺ࣬ıֻ»кİա
Ф㶣Ҳú˵ͦеģʵ˵ǶԣǴأ
ҡҡͷҲ֪
ⶫ㻹˵ǶǴ˵ɣٸȼȣҪǿ˰ⲻҪǵȻҪҪ˵Ƕ԰ɣ󻷾»̫ƽʢһ壬˸࣬ңЩͷľǳŽ°ȥ
ǳʤ֮󣬲Ҳýݳֻظһѡ
ȻʤȻطǻǴӢۣΪǶԿسıûǣиİضı֮£ҲܳƵۣûкǿĴǻƶĽ
ú˵εƭӣ˵Լûˣȥƭӵģ츳ߣҲȽˣǧײ㣬еԳˣиĳΪǧаˣЩרƭЩ̣С˵ЩǶԻǴأǣҲֻΪ˻ȥܵȥƭЩ̵
һЩ׼ﷸ˵һηǳɱʱҲһ仰ܽᣬ֮˱пɺ֮ɺ֮˱п֮
ǶԻǴʵ𰸣Ҳǳ֪ФʵΪǶԣǴأ
ФһתܵʵС֣˵ǶԻǴأ
š
ܵ˫ŷģ˼һŵֻ֪˾ǲԵġ
˵úáФͷһ
ձӵФƣȴ޵ǿǿ֣һɽɽߣôû뵽СֳԼĲѧǳأ


106 Ƴ
ӻǲףϮȻôһũСӣݲ
ФΣҡͷԣ΢ʡ
պһƲˡ˵˵ʵһɷģֻһֱûб¶ǰǶģ֪ˣɱٵôˡ
ƨͨ
ФһʲôɷҲƭ˵СϷҼöˡ
ǳ˳飬⡪ŮʲôʱôˡŭһǺһƬٶˣһ쾫ûС
ֱ󷻣ֻܽ䱸ɭϣͨ
ա
⺫ոһϮֻѩ첽˹գˣñõȡ
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108 ճǼƣϣ
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109 ճǼƣУ
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ʱƾһﲻۣԷŵƨ



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ˡһЦ˶ǿаҵģ׷ˣ붼ǱаԻҲ˵Щ˶֮˵ѾŲɣȻʹǱη壬ͬҲǵ㣬ҲΪΪʲôЩյĺоΪ棬ʵֻǽѣνȥԻǡ
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ԽԽɣͷ˵ķǳеǻǵȱ֮ɡ
Ϊ˶оһĴڣЩɮȻҲһĴڣĽӦǷ˼ġ


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չɲǺգչȻңǱϾᣬȻһȷǳţǿôԼĿţ˵ţǿ϶Ǽٵģðźֻܻǵǰ

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⺫ոһصչɰ׼ϢСԺʱڴ˵ȺܵܡСҰѩΧҪոǽճⷢȤ¡
ΪҲ˷ܣ·ҵһݼ飬ʴҲۣճ֮һһǡ
ʵİϷҲǺΪ򵥵ǺһЩӡʦģؼЩɮŵ÷棬ʵЩֱۻˮǶ֮ϵģβɶģڷм䲿ʵһͭͭպô洩룬Ʊ£»һͭһͭǺڵһġ
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Фƺߵ㻹ƭҡˣҲ֡
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112 Ҳ
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һԣȻƭ˵ģıˣѽҪ£Ҳ޿κΰЦе
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չɼеźǽߣȻָԶ㿴Ǳߡ
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չһ㶣˭췴ⶼôȡԹñˣ뿴ǹǰҲһЩա
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ڹŴҹսǷǳǳΣյģݵʱԴҹսʵŴҹսǳ֮٣֮ǰһҪܵĲΪϿ岻·˶óóȻȥΣǷǳġ
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к˵ʲô˶治̫Ͼ͵͵·ͼ䣬Ѿǵŭ·ʰ
һɾͲˣΪЩѾżʯ͵ˣѲţ˶ŮӦðǣʯҲӦڶԷǱߣΪʲôƫƫߣɼģô˶ǡ
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ôѾˣһûзͳˣݳһƬڣҸ̫죬һ׼ûС
Ѵ
ƣӻصסֻվˣаܵܡСҰѩ
ˡ
ܵܵһ¡
ܵܺСҰ̷˳ȥһźյһֻ֣ԺС
Цôô顣ô簡
ţʲô
ռΧϵתţβһһţк棬Ǹʲô
˲أΧתţرܵܣȻ˫ֳϥźյľջһĳš
ոϽתȥС֣Ǹ˭ѧģҪٿСŶ
ܵܺСҰѩ˽񣬸жɻ
Щôأ
յǿûУ
أԲ
񾭣ˣĺۣ˳־ʯϵľƣԼһһڹС
ɣ֣
ѩͻȻ˵
ۣ
Ϥ̨ʣʱһھЦʲô֣һСˡ


113 𱦴
ɣ֣
Ѵ𰸾𱦣ǺҲͿ֪ڹŴ˵Լ𱦵ĻǾһ˶ˡ
˵Ҳ治֪λش⣬ΪԼò˼飬ʵ棬Լ˸ԸȻŪһʯԸ˵ԼŰ
ǽѩܵ׳Ӽ⡣
Сô
Сô

ѵѾ롰ˡԵôⲻɾ֡ͻȻһסͷϣϰϣ
СҰæǰסգһеźա
գôأѩǰһĵ
磬ǲ÷ȣ
С֣̫ˡ
յͷ÷ȣҪϢһ£ϢܾãǧҪңһ߻ħģСҰһط
Ŷ
СҰæźȥ
ǰˡ˿ȴñСҰƵСһ͵͵һЦȴûе㴩գȻ˵ˣ治һˡ
СҰźջصȻ뿪ˡ
ڴϣ뵽շһУЦֱҡͷţͽ˯˹ȥ
Ҫ֪ЪϢƬ̣ʹˣҲܲ˵ġ
Ҳ֪˯˶ãջһ˯ú㣬һӶû˯ô㣬̹
ˡ

۲Ÿո˵ŵúմһ
ÿЦҲẦô
ˣФƵֻۣФڴߣⱻһ棬㡪ʲô
Фƴ㵵ʲô
ѾȫˣֵΪʲôҷ
Ф赭дŶҾûУõŴС𣿡
ռҴС֣Ҫҹ㴲ߣô
Фҡͷûĵġ
ҲûֻǡֻлʣһȻ͵˯ǡѵ˵ͲôдֻĪί
˭͵˯ˡФƷ°ۣģյ治֪ʲôÿģϲ˯ټ򵥲ֱȥȦô
£漴Ŷ
ҿûô˵
Фֵͦģ࣬ˮˡ
ǡ𣿡
ʶǣֲûвҺ壬֪ԼϵˣФһۣ⣬㻹û˵Ϊʲôڷ
ФƵɱʶģǼ˯ôãǹ
յ˯˺ܾ𣿡
Ѿˣ˵أ
ǵԼ˯ʱãֿˣҲ˯һ죬˱ۣ벻˯ôá˵ţʵˣô
Ф˼źյգ㲻˵ϲô
һ㶣ͷ
ФƵΪ˹ıڵٵĸùĵ£
ûֻǹΪùĵ££ô򵥡
Ф̧ͷ룬ŵҹ㣬Сȥ˵㻹˯
գյ˼ҿҶӣô˵ѵͲŭô
ФƵҿɹܲţɷӦ帺ԣҸ£ô򵥡
Фƣ˫ͷûˡ
һĬ
ФͻȻա
ţ
ѾѾˣǻؼҰɡ
ǻؼҰɣĪһȴЦôסﲻôãӴ󣬼Ҿȫһϴ£Ҿǳʺ㰡
ФһΣٺõĵطҲǱ˵ģûԼļҺãסһ㲻ϰߡգǽͻؼҺòǵ¼ҲŸոոǺãҶûס
ռФһı飬ʵҲסǵðɣðɣһȥһ˵
Фϲͷھȥʰ


𴲺ϴһˮ裬ϴˣ;׼ˣܵܡСҰСһҲѾˡ
硣
ܵһһȥһĴӣźգգգۡ
Ѿǵһˡܵܵ˵С֣ǲҪ˵
ܵ͵ĵͷ
յ˵ǶգۺòҲϲ˶ҿرﻹŶСԽԽаˣͶҾջǶҷŵ磬ǱЦ˰ɡ
ܵգæʳ£ֺٺٵ磬ºò
ʲô£
ܽһɷҡҲѧʲôɷҾøСҰһһ㣬ܵÿһЩøһЩšþҲõ㣬ĻҾͲÿζСҰˣǳˡ
⻹ɷֱ֪֪21ŮҲΪ˷ھʳʣС֣Ϊˡ

ԴܵܣֻѡĶӡ
һţձһŨǺ˰ۿ˭ݻ𣬿ȿȿȡ
С𱦳ˡ
𱦴ɳˡ
ۣʲô
͸ŨŨֻǰѹѹһƬˣһ㣬ǰְݡ
ڸʲô
ճһԻѯʵ
ӡС𱦴ɣͽ⻤˵¶˼ګûô
ͽ
͵һ
𱦴ɡ
һ£ֻһ˳嵽ǰͨһڵϣˮ𱦴ɣȾɷȾɷ򡣡
ʶɷôأ
ɷڴѾüˣɾȾɡ
Ӧȥаɣôˡ
Ǵѽ

ˡ
ֻһ˹ں棬ݺˣС϶һֱַ֣֪ΪʲôôͷС϶
壬ôأ
Ҽɻʮ꣬Ķһֱûж˴һӸС϶С϶ͷˡ
ƵҹȥҸʲô
С϶ûȥǹС϶
Ҫܹ㣬ҲȥշŰ۵壬㶼һˣͿһɣǰĪ
С𱦴ɡ
һ¡
ͣͣͣ
ոϽ̧֣˵ĽкֳһڰյλλҲʲôɣֻһƽ˶ѡȿȿȣλòҶ챻Ѭˡˣˣ˵Ҳǰ״ȣ㰮ôô
˵ͳһȥ׼ּȥ
ǻȵ
մ㵵ôȸʲôʲô𣿡
ǻһŶǣΪ㲻Ҫ
˻⣿
ǻ㶼Ƿµġ
ˡOK


114 ر
˸ô˯һͳˣУĸ˵С𱦵й¶ȥģҪ֪ҷǵƭһ㱼ʱ
ڰյΧ׷½£žŰʮһѣ졪ӦһıԹֲ̫ˡ
ӴǵĴ󹦳ˡ
չɼԵ÷ǳˣӭǰ
ңҡ
ǫһ䣬ſһֱӣһʲôΪʲôЩնʲôˣС𱦣ʲôأ
չգǹЦ
ļһһ´󹦣תЦңЦЦ£㻹ҵ棬ⲻ۸ôһӣͲҪЦˣǲ֪ЩվͲûнұǿȥˣҶ췳ˡ
𣿡չǿסЦ⣬䱧ǸȻֵС磬
չһС֪ʵⶼǰհҹǿʯġǰ첻ŪѾ
˵꣬վͼⶼǼٵģ֪ġ
չЦЦǶ֪ǼٵģЩղ֪ǰҹǲֹʲɱѾʱ֮ƣ˵ʯʩչķġܿóа֪ˣǾΪˡ
úͿģҾͲˣ˵ʩչô㵽ͷˡ
չԥ㵱˲ô
ˣǵȻνҲѽ֪֪ЩжôֲȻӣԵʦĸǶ಻ʤȥԺ󶼲ҳˡ
ʮƣǣΪһƭӣȷһܺƭĻᣬʿΪңóס֪ҪǼȥôܵӰ죬Ƿǳص飬Ҳѹôżӣ»鷳ҳ塣
⡪
չ¶֮ɫ
տҲһѧ֣һչɫ죬µЩʲô䲻ȵ˵ӣ²Ҳ˰ɣ
չһΣƬ̣ڨڨ˵ǱǸʵʵҰŵġȥģǵʱ˯˵岻ʣҾûдˣҾˡ
㰲ŵģһ֮ɫбչɣҪһ͡
չɼæ͵ҲΪȫֿǵģǰҹһң˶ܹ֮ھ׳飬ҽҾΪؼľЩҪȾҪа
ճŶһԣͰҸˡ
չڨڨһЦûôأֻǳ֮⣬Ҳû˸ˡ
յѽ
չɵҲǵʱӪкܶ˶֪һеһжں氲ŵģЩ޵֮ˡȵȣʵվѾˣټϰˣܶ˶ǴСʶ˵ȥţĻʶ˲࣬ҲǳأҾ˳ˮۣ˵ΪѾ㹻ʱʩʯ˶Ů
ɣѵ֪ǴԽߣ̽ҵأô֪
չɵ㲻׻𣬵ʱ㸸һͬ׻У㸸׺ܲҾȥˣĻȴһ¶ûС
£ƵʶӣǴ֪ģ
չʵ˵ҵ㣬֪ˡ
ˣˣƺӶϴˣǴҪҵƭӰɣҲƭˣƫƫӲȥƭˡտӣ㡪㲻Ҳ˵ȥ˰ɡ
չεĵͷֵˡ
û˵꣬վ;У
չεĵͷѾȻˣǵǲҵǻҪѾıҾʿɵ˶սأԷǳѴǣҡҡ
벻˳ףˣѾڰϻȫˣͰЩ¸֪˵֪
չЦŵͷС磬Ǵˡ
ȻںնԣЩƽϾûеõ׿ϣò˵һ䣬չ´̫ƯˣһиٱעһǿļڹٱʲôȱȱˣҲ纫ǰ˵ģԱ֮ʩգͬҲôϾֻǸˣչҪչ˵ȫ֣ҵĳ㲻ͬ뷨϶ҲͲͬ
Ӻ㣬Ҳ˯һͰҸˣɲôġ
ĨһʲôС𱦵ĳƺ˭ȥġ
չԴ㵵Լ˵˶Լ̫Ͼˣʲôʥ̽ȻܲҾǷȡƺţɰôҾһ䣬þ͸ңǰòŸĳƺŽС𱦣Ҿ˵ϵС𱦴ɣ·׽ó˶Ů
֪ҿû˵𱦵ĴĻǳˡƿԡ
չɼȻǺܲˬȸղźöˣϽȴǺǵҲòŵģһѾˣȻһеģ㵱ɣ˶ɱҶˣܿ죬վͻὫˣҲͶˡ
չɵӣôоЩֻ
ûС
չҡͷҾ޴⣬ڿȫݵĶˣݰտɶ㵱ɣҵ㰡
˵ֻľѳۣ֪پȥҲ޲չɿ϶Ϊˣȫ֣ԳҲãҸɴŵƶˣŪʲôģ׬Ǯ
չ֪νǵˣЦǺǵСˣҪǮĻɸ˵
Ѳ㻹Ϊô¼˵ѽҲ֪ǲװɵһӣɵ˵㻰һ˽ᣬ̰ҳ塣
չæһһ
̾˿µҲֻô˵ˣֵսô
չ֣ɫѾҵϵˣ˶ҲԭֻǴһˣһڽݣĿľҵͷѹˣЩɹˣȵ֪ȣǺͷֳĸݣ׼ҵǰȥӪʱȻûȡݡ
ҵݴʷҲҵĴӪҵ϶ԮģһضҵԮݣΪݿ飬һձɹƣĻҵԮʱȲݣҲˣȵǹ֮лҵһҵʹ޴ʷˣôݺսҪؿɾͶݵȵؿɾͷǳΣˣŪ
յû뵽ôԶԭΪԷֻλսʵ飬ȡݵԴϾݺݵм仹кܶطûбǹ£ǹݣҲǳأȴû뵽ǳ˶ȡһ壬ȫëһ̫ˡ
չҲǷǳ£˵ҿ㣬ݲûжҵյҵź̲ǳ˶ĹƣǧԮǼԮݣĿǰݵһǾ˵֪ѾӦûйݡѾ˽ݵʤϢ֪˵ܣܲŸݣתϺݵȵһͬΧ˳˶棬ߣ˶ʿ䣬ǵʱңһҵݣҾٷһǡ
˾ٺҲûˡ
һȻϣܹ˶棬Ͼǻ˶治£һ˶ʤˣôɾˣڹ˽վڹٱһߵģֵȻˣҵҲѾˣӣģҽ⣬Ҫǵġ
չɴ㵵Ҫȥ
һҼҸոոݣӲļҲסߣҲﲻʲôæȥ
չɵ㻹ȥС磬ߴߣĲһΪΪˣԵΪҵ治֪ΪҪִһĶء
Դ¹չңҷǳС
΢΢Цлӵһ⣬һúúÿǿǣҾҲûвҪǶҪҰæҶ岻ݴǣңȫǵİն׷ңҲٴڳԣҲӰһСæ˵һס
չɼջǲԸкʧתһ룬Ҳǵȸ׻ʽҲûйǿͷУҴӦ㡣


115 ƭҲһҸ
١
ʶʮ˰
治˶뵱٣ͺñȺգһʿϲڣ޾
ǣˣǮȨðûа׳ԵͣҪΪ˸ۣհ㣬˶㣬һһжֽ٣̰٣ˣöԺܶ˸¾ǶһոοҲᰡ
һԼ븺ˣһҵûУƣιƽ£һҲȥ٣ⲻǺ˱
֪֮ͦģʴһٶѡƴǣΪ֪޷һΣĿǰġ
ʱ֣Ϸ磬úдһաܵܡСҰФƵûҲûǿϷѯʱһѹȥ
Թ緹֮󣬺վ͸ˣչɵİ£ܳؼȥˣ⣬չҲ͵͵Ϣ˵סϾտɲġ

ղֱӿ÷ȥһƫƧĵطȻСȥ÷塣
뵽ظҶô鷳ԾǳЦ
ڻؼˡ
ФվǰԴȵ¶һĨǳǳЦݡͻȻתͷȥڴźգգǽסݰɡ

£漴Ҳòôżɣݿɻûʽ깤汻ʲôĶûС
ФƵǣҺֳʲô£ǵݣһ춼ûס
ޣѻ졣
յФһۡ
ФƼҲܣҽһҪסݣǴ׻ꡣ
˵Ϳźա
ռ˫۳ڴ治ܾ̾ܵܺСҰͬҲԼǵͷðɡ
ܵܡСҰֽкá
ȻסˣǸڴ뺫ͬסһ£Ҫ֪ǶûмңûˣҲ˵ǶһңһС¥ʵѾǺˡ
ȻһֱųңôģԼҲ֪
ȻѾæµǼ򵥵ĽӴɨһȻźաФƵı·¥
¥ǳ򵥣ݣмһߵϾնЩûɶҪ󣬹ʴҲûл˼һдӼ
Ϊһһң¥ϣͷǳĬߡ
һ˲ͣһۣͬʱұߣͣ
㡪
㡪
ͬ
Ůǳĵİɡյ㵽סļ䣿
Фƺߵһأ
ںһ̺ܵãȻˣ磬㣬ǲǷô޲Ӧ˯һ䷿𣿡
СҰԴ˲ǺܶС֣ΪΪʲô޾͡Ҫ˯һ䷿
ܵҡҡͷҲ֪ҵ˯һ䷿
Ф˫ա
ҲòȥСһﶮʲô
Фƺһǰ㺫ǶýԺҪѧѧ
˵;ֱұǼ䷿
ܵܿ磬ǲ˵ˡ
շŰ۵˵ˡ˵žǼȥɸյſڣͻȻͣתͷܵܺСҰԥ£ŵסⷽǧҪѧ˵ͽȥˡ
ФƽԼʰúַǳԾȥﺫʰһ´̣кոӣУȥʰӣҪرʲô̴Ӳ֣ʵûа취ͺñڣҲŪŪǴӲġ
ʰҹĻҲѾ٣һ¥ǼªĲΧһŷ£ʼǨ¾ӵĵһͷ
ȻЩ˶Ǵģֻ΢һ£ǳʢ
ɱ
˾ٱһȻһ
һƱˡ
ռФҲһںȾФƣȾôҪǲеĻɱǿҪˣҿɲչġ
ФƵȻһЦǺȾô㶼УûҲеġ
˵ֵС֣ơ
ŶԵȡ
ܵҧһȣҲˣҧżȣϽФơ
ܵܣһԣʵФҲûжȥСֻ֣Ǵһʼһִ˵С־ǶФΨǴӡ
ղϲԼˣȻФҪȣȻФƣƺиƴƵ˼ľ֮⣬һһûôͣ
СҰܵȻȥ֣ͷһĳԡ
֪УƹѲֻФɫһ˫ˮ˫ԽޱȣأԲϰݣźҪȣƶǱ͵ġ
Ǽ¶֮ФͻȻһǳɴſϣǰľƱҲˡ
ǰɣ㲻˵Լܺȵ𣿡
ſϵФƣһ㵣ʵȵĻãЩγģǷǳѵģǰФôţΪľ϶ǳҲãû뵽Фƻôɴࡣ
ФƵĸ첲װ֪㻹û
Фֻҡ¡
ܵܵ磬ˡ
ϣԾ
š
СҰ磬ڡô죿
ƵФƣܵܺСҰȰЩȥ
Ŷ
СһʰΪһֱԼչԼҲǷǳһʰһҲġ
ȵǽȥ󣬺ֳŻſŵФƵװˣߣƭң㻹ǵ±ӰɣҸղûв㣬ܵܺСҰǰӣɱʶô

ӦһĬ
յһᣬֵðƲԳԷǰɣҾͿܹװãϴȥˣſŰɡ
˵ž˳ȥٳǰ͵͵ƳФƣФƵķӦʧ̧Ⱦ˳ȥ
ϴ֮󣬺ջһ׸ɾ·ϴܵܺСҰ
磬㻹ðɣ
ܹܵĵ
Цõúܣһչģǲùܣȥϴϴ˯ɡ
˼ն˵ˣȻʣӦһȥˡҲѧźգݺ裬Ҳϰϴˮһϴһģа
ĻصڣФأſϣǰϸФƣüѵأ
ԭڸղųǰļסФƵƣǧŸ֣۲ȻױȣֻҪФ΢ܹ
Фſŵƣղһģһ
úնԼжϣɣڿɾʣФһˣװĻ϶û壬ôſſҲʮ˰
ǺֻɻѣҲһﲻڱϣĿФơ
˺һܵܺСҰѾϴˣһƣȻһƫͷ
˷ǳʶȤŽԼڣ⺫ģǾͰǵİһڣСǡ
ֹðΣռФƻһ˱ۣһ̾վߵФߣһִФƱһִФϥ󴩹ɵסФʱФƵͻȻǳ΢Ĳһ£տһǧϸ΢ĶܸоԺЦŮƭ˻ǹģҶ㱻ƭˡ
ǲǸýƾͼƣأ
һĨԥ֮ɫҲһФƭԼԭĵˣϻҺƣҲչҵģ͵ǻİɡ
˫һҲǴĹФƵأҲΪǰԼΪɱ𣬵ȴû뵽Ȼûб
ΰ
Ȼտ϶Լﻹͦİ
ʵФƲֻ֣ĸһߵߣټϺᲢۣ˳˲Ѷȡ
һ׼ŽФƱϾ˼ФǽεΪɼֲ˶ãϽ¥ȥ

ФƵķὫФƷڴϣᴭ˿У廹дǿһŮ˶ôѾһôȥ찡һŮˣ㶼ϻбô
¹⣬һ淶ڴϵФƣü¶̬Ƭ̣̾˿
Ҳ֪ΪʲôФװջǶФƵЬȥФƵ˫ȷڴϣϱ֮룬ӦþǵȴĳЦˡ
Ȼߵǰһ䶯ĿЦ㲻˵չô
㡪㣬ôѽϵˡ
͵תͷ߳ŭФƣ㲻ȥƭӣ˷˲š
ФЦҿû츳ֻƫƫɵӡ
ݣ
մ˳ȥŭһ˦ţֻڿЦϣЦҡҡͷƭ˻ôģҲϡ档
Ҳ֪仰˵˵Фơ
صԼڣҿ˿¹޹˼ɵĴ̨кݣҲûеȼȻߵ̨ϣվڴ̨ǰĿҹյķǡ
һ̾תͷȥֻڰУһٻӰվڸڵ̨ϡ
ʱǵٻӰҲͻȻתͷںҹУĿԣ˭Ҳûпڡ
Ƭ̣ФͻȻЦľͲҵĶ֣װֱֻˡ
ߵ˵ǲǻøл㡣
ФҡͷǵˣΪһӦǰԼɷӣⶼӦģЩˣչԼӣԹԣ˯ţС
յ㲻Ҫˣҿɲ˯š
ФŶһվʲô
յֻȥѡ
Фһ㶣漴Ц㵹һֹġ
յôֹɹ
Фֻҵ̨ɹȥʲô£ҷģֻǻֹģֹܷˣҿɲұ֤أ

հһӡ
ФƵһֱ֪
հһ䣬ٴФƣ̧ͷյķǡ
ФҲû˵̧ͬͷǿա


116 װҥ
ա
˵ǲģСĻô
ģģۼҵĵŵġ
ǿɵעһЩڿɲܽСˣýСˡ
ԶԶԣǽɵעһЩ

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Ϊ˯ıȽֺ˲پƣʴ˴ʱû𴲣ԭ˯÷ǳ㣬Ͼߣ¥ͻȻ˵ˣʮջ𣬱˴ϳ˯һǳˬ飬κ˶ˡ
ȻıԹû¥µ˵ͣ˵ƺԽԽˡ
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ͻȻߵ̨ľţɲŸոһ죬̰Ÿˡ
ǰѣôأ
Ĩ¶ͷĺ飬͵͵һ¥¿ȥֻ¥վһƬˣҡؼҶУȫ÷ˡ
Ѿһˣչɾ̿˳ţŰջȥ÷ĴѾ½½ˡ
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ܵܵ
Ф˵ߣ⻹㺫װŪģҵҪô졣
ֻûӹѵˣǵġֱۡ
СҰ㣬˵ҲΪǡɣ
ФƵ˭֪ˣҲˣȥϴ·ˡ
˵ţ˳ȥ
ѵǴ˵еĴͷԷɣǿˣ»װĻҲװȻ;ƺԣţôˡ
ФƸһȥվվ¥ݿϣС֣СҰС֡
СҰȽתͷϿȥ
˵һ֣ռæһƣֹ˵ȥʱܵҲӦ̧ͷźա
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˼նʮСģ䲻򣬵Ҳ÷ǳСģŵ¥ȥ
¥ϣСʵЩʲôʱģ
СҰ졪͡ˡ
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ȻˡյȥŪЩۺһˮ۾ĪҪ˿ˣŪһСˣ֪ô
СҰͷҡ֪ˡ
ܵȴǳ磬ҪЩʲô
յȥãȻ֪ˡ
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һ˾Ͱˮõ˺ڣǺղûȣȣҽŸغá
ܵЩƣеڹӲţСҰʵСҰʲô
СҰҡҡͷҲ֪
ܾܵ˾ʷ촽ֲһ㶯ûС
ûа취ֻ͵ӵȴ
˺һڿˣֻմ߳
ܵһգʱſ죬ƺ׼һסСֵ죬Уû£Щαװġ
ֽ촽ǰ׵ģֱǲĽడ
ܵ۾ͷ
ɿ
СҰʵ磬
պٺٵҪҪͣ򵥵ĺܣֻҪˮһȻͿ촽Ͼˡ
ܵܵ磬ȥˮΪ˰ԼŪɸһ
յͷ֮ûнܵܺСҰȥĿľΪһ飬Ϊڿûоӵģֻñ˵ķӦԼαװЧ
СҰǡΪʲôʲôôأ
ͷһڣΪǣߣȥɡ
Ŷ
ת׼¥ߡ
£
ոϽ˹Уڿǲˣǵ÷ҡ
ܵܺٺһЦϽźգСҰ˺󣬷źһֻ֡
ͻȻʲôƵãСҰ߷Ը˼䣬СҰ͵Цŵͷֱݺȥ
¥СҰ̫ˣȫûսԡ
ܵܺ磬СҰȥˣ
һЦС˵˼䡣
ֱܵͷ

ǰһڴأںǰǻĿʱʱ¥
ȿȿȿȡȿȿȿȿȣ
ͻȻڴһҵĿ
С𱦵ĸк档
Ǻ񣬵Сôأ
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ȿȿȣ壬վʲôΪʲôȿȣФȥˣһò
һ㵣˵棬ȴһŭ
ŶСǰѾǽȥˣԼҪվġ
˵ʱ֮ɫҪ˵ˣͬҲ𾪵źա
ֻ԰ף촽Ҳǰ׵Ĳ˿Ѫɫ˫ҲѪ˿Ȼ⵹αװģΪû˯ɵģϵڿԡ
С𡪡ա
ּģĺգȴֲ֪ýʲôãȥôأ
С˷纮һʱҲûע⣬ԽԽأǻѽȿȿȡ
ҡҡͷ˵
ԭˣѹʱû𴲡˼ĵͷ
ͻȻ㲻С𱦴ôôˣ
ССԣԣС𱦡һ㶣漴˼ͷ
ôأ
֧֧ģ⡪⡪
̵ܵ磬㲻ʩô
ŶԶԶԣ
ͷҼǴˣǴˣʩȣʩȣ㿴ңȵӶԺˣôܻ˵ȥҲŰ
ʩȣ
һɴ׷ɻźգҲ̫˰ɣǰ˵Լ˷纮תھʩˡ
һۣȿЦǺǹɵǶԲ˴ôãʵʵϵСˣ·׽
׽ҿ׽߾˵ˡ
ҷ׷׺ɵ
ͻȻˣΪʲôȺ塣
⡪⵱ʱһû·
ѽ˵ǻһ·ô
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ռ־ҵĿ
ͻȻСգǲƭǵģ
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Ӵôˣɻв
òԶһתͷһֻФƷеľ裬첽˹źգСֵС֣֪㺫˷纮ôһô죬⺢̫ˡ
յеôˣ˵
Ф£۴ң̽죬װʲôû˵ӡ
Ū˰ԭ˷纮ʲôʩȣƭˡ
һŲˡ
ֲõСգѧˣôƭˡ
ҡҡȿȿȡΣ͵ؿ
ǿɶĳôƭأǰɲġ
Ҳ̫ˣֱĿ𳤡
ֶôʵһˣҪ飬ǵöİ

ҡ
˵ָ𣬼öˡ
ФͻȻλǾĪҪٱˣⶼʲôɵģҲûа취
նŵô˵ˣҪ´ȥˣ˶ӵĴ£ǶҪͷѽȿȿȣ۴ҵġ
ӣͷأ
Сӣղ˵ʲôʲôû
ԶԶԣǸղʲôû
СˣʩȣɵúúϢĪҪ塣
ϢǾȸˡ
ǣǡ
λλ߰
Ļûˡһڰնʱɢ˭Ҳˡ
ФЩ뿪ıӰźյƭ˵ı»˵ãһǲʲôС𱦣һϢȥ
ʲôС˼ͶұҲ
ФһǣҲ˭ӡ



117 
ֻһĻԣΪԣ÷ܿ߳սӰָյƽ
ԷԷ磬㣬ǳҵա
ֻܵܶһֶһˣм仹һС룬ߵǰ˶ûз£ЦǺǵ˵
СҰͬҲ˹˷ϡ
زˣȥǲ
ФԴһ˿ȵС㻹ˡ
ܵܺǺǵϲǰ͸ѧһЩЩҺСҰ棬ҲĲˡ
СҰͷСС֡ĲˡóԡóԼˡ
ǻѸӡ
ֺܵǺǵЦ
ӣǾ͸Ͻɡ
̾ͳò˵ܵܵջǲԵļкãɰֻܸܵˣЦһһһģС۾һˡ
ȻһˣȻһɣΪһ֮Ȼ׬ǮڵǮѾ׬ˣҪæŸԡңФƵĻֻϴϴСҰܵܶǷǳµĺӣǵ·һֱԼϴӲͷФƣФϴ룬Ǻմүǹˣ·û˶ǽһֱǲǳ֩ûϴ·ϴϰߣڿ£Фÿ춼ǳԾļյ·ߡ
ЩʱСҰȥɽԣŪҰζܵܣǰ֪ܸʲôϾֱ׾ȥ̫࣬û뵽СӾز¶һֳգһŶԼҲϲˡ
ֻҪһпУФƾͽ֣ܵܵһ˲֣СҰĻ֣дһֺë֣ʦͽֻҲ֪ЩʲôãʦʲôѧʲôܵԼҲǳ֣ȻӦȽһ㣬ѧ÷ǳ棬ܶʱѧöͷ󺹣ԼżФֻȥ˵աСҰҲһֱԹ
ջСҰȥЩëʻܵ֡
ϣֻ٣һǴ齫ǳͷɲǮǵڶյ꣬˭˾͵ϴ룬ȻûгǧΪü͸ǼΣʴˣδܵܵĻıȽϸ壬Ҳʤ٣СҰФƾңСҰʦһ飬ԸȽϺӲһЩϸ֦ĩңФӱȽϼҲǺܶ࣬Գڣܵһֱϴ룬һǻѣһʦⲻɲа
ȻǾæġ
أФƿʼСҰܵΧգ齫棬ǵһϣҲֻһͿأڶ棬ǳ̫ˣǲ׷ϵġ
һˣҲУò֪У¹ȥˡ
ǰݱڴˣһսƾһúպǿʯųԣƻа֯ڲŽᣬͽǿʼԳ˶ݲɣһ棬ǱҲϢƸּϣҪϪص֪Լ漰˰ĹԱ۴Ϫֱ֪նʾڣ󰲸ġ
˫ʩѹ£Ѿڲױ߽ˣݡ̴ܶ飬ݣϣѾΧסܿͶپ
һѾѾǿ֮ĩͯıȴսһսУ˶طҲսų˶սһ˶ӽҸ嵽ʧܣֻʱ䡣
Фԣʱ췴в֮ûкգǳ˶ҲƲΪڵƳʵ̫ǿˣǵѻʯڵƳѣֻһСѣ˵ˣҲŪһƬҶѣ˴ţҪ֪Ƴڹ¤Լߡߵľһûгǵ˽ııƳıˡ
ǻ˵˴ĶǾ߼ʣ߼ǡ
գ˼ګŴ飬ݰҲǳӭһƽѣ˼ګʹΰ˵ģҲֻҵĹϣҲֻһСʶѣΪ̫ˣʣԵĶĸʷĩۣУǣ֮ɺԨĹϵǳã֮䣬ǻ֮󣬾ͰˣĹͿ»ԶֹˣⲻʱĴʹȻ
еһһ
ҲعûиϾɱҲ֪Բʣ£ܶΣԨľɳձȨڴѶҲʱٶίθҷǳ谮ʣԼĹ޸ʵСӡ
ԣԸ׵ʱ˼ګĪ
үү۾͸Ӳ˵ˣ峯ңGơĹ󡱣Ȩ㳯ҰҲʮһɫ
˼ګݵһ£ȥ뺫칦磬Ϊսת۵㣬һսݱȡˣȻ޷ҡƳĸǿ¾͵õˣ˼ګһҿܻ⵽ĪѣһսУȻɷڣҲ˵ʹΰڹ˽˼ګúúøмһȻҪĿĻҪգһؽѾչֳĲܣһս󣬾͸ȷ⺫һ֮ģɲܴ
Ǵ˷룬ȴǵФƴΪʷʿصһũСӣߣҿǹ˿ģݹͿͼͷˣͱȥʡ˵ʹ
˵ϹбФƵ𣿡
ôԵ£㿴𣿡
ФĿƿ˵
գѾʲôˣβ֪ҵˣźգһ˹ǿǣﲻ뺫ȥմϹϵ
ЦǣҲȥѽҲֻ֪һũСӣ˼ҿǴʷҲȥⲻоƲȣַƺôҿɲ¡
ФƵװѽҲװͦġ
ܱܲ磬ҪǸˣҽôǡպߵ˳һʮô
ФüҲ֪˼ګܻҪһã棬һҪȥĻǾȥɡ
ʲôʱ˵ȥˡˣˣú˵Щջӻ֣ʵȥȥ
˼ګǷ޶ˡ
ФƲҿɲȥ
㲻ȥˡһҲǿֵСҰС֣Ǹһȥɣ͵ȥһ»ʳֲǮ
ФƼæҪǶˣһڼô
յǰô
ФƵǰǰڣɲһˡ
ôһأ
⡪ŶǰСݣǴݣһ˴ڼһẦµġ
Ầ£
һȡ
ôẦˡФƾ
ܵͻȻ磬ҲȥҾڼҰɣ㲻ǲô
ȺգЩٹǣﻹЩ£ȥ
СҰν˭£ϾʦһӢۡ
Сֹԡ
ФһжͻȻüͷһ壬ֱܵܵС֣ô֪Ҳ˵ģ
˵ġ
ָܵա
ȥСѾͽ۾ܵܣǲǹѵֵﻹûж֣ôҸأ
Фתŭźգ˾ڱ˵Ҷٻ
СҰվţҪʺ


118 
ʵ˵ģҲȥɲϲЩԹڣФƸ֪֮ģ˼һʷһСӣŶѾĪˣ㻹ĻǾЩ֪ôˡ
⣬Ҳ˼ګ̸̸С𱦵£ɲڽ϶㹩ţһƭӣ̫пˣҪ˶ʶעǻôѽ
ڹ˽Ӧǰȥ
ڶ磬պСҰһ׸ɾ·ͳţٳǰܵǧСҰһЩóԵϾǳԻġ
ڣѾ﹧ˣչ˵ǷǳܵաСҰϵȥ

һδȫʤʵʵڵĴ󹦣˼ګҲûٲҴˣϯ˷Ĵ󽫣ǷǳбҪģ˼ҿΪ̴Ӯˣ϶Ҫܶʿָһ̣Ļ˭ᾡľΪ⣬˼ګݵһЩʿ壬÷ǳʢ
ӳʱʼĴǰﲻȺ֮ʿ׷˼ګء
еһʱҲŸո³һˬʵЦС磬ˣҵôöûҳ
̧ͷһչɣæֵռӡǱǸסıȽԶʴˡ
֮仹ҪЩߣҵˡ
˵չɾͰѺ˽ȥСҰǸںԡ
ǰԺüһ˴гΪһ˼ګ
˼ګһգԵ쳣ǵĴ󹦳ˡ
˵գʹӭϡ
󹦳ţװƣװһǳѡ񡣺ֻɽæСӺղμպεºܣӭ
㵱Ե𡣡
˼ګһЦһץסյ֣ȥ
һԵ˼ˣĿгĽɻ
һ֣ǹй壬һĶֵأЯֲģĪҫѽȻҲףΪʲô˼ګ˿ȥûɶرСӡ
ʵҲܳпѽȻһ޻ߣһȡʮˣ뱻һʮ֣붼öģҪʵӣǼѽŮҵ־ˣҵҪҲѽ
ڣֻλѾźˣŰмһԴģ߻Сģбŵģ߸аԼĪʮţɼжôҪ֪⻹ֻһ֣ҲڷϯȻܴ󣬵˸࣬ûа취ֻܰλ֣λߵȻλԵ͵ģŮȫںá
ֱ˼ګԼϷ˸д
Ϊ˼ګĳѾˣ˵ŻˣԼĹϵչʵǽӰ˵˼ʴ˼ګͬһ
˼ګźֱұߵһգ⡣
壬ҪлңҪѽոսʱ򣬺վɨɨܱߵˣҪôǴ󽫣ҪôǴ٣ǸЩڶվŵģҪôһϹʲôæƴǵʹãʹáղһˡ
˼ګڰֵ˷ƽѣ㹦󣬴Ī
һ˵˵ļǣ칦֮磬Ե۹Ӻǫá
˵ҲһˣҺҲʶǸİ湫ӣʵͿˣӡģҲ׾ӵ椼
һխҲƭһǮõôƽ𡣺аһ䡣
⻰գʵǰģǿ۹ȥˣЩֻ룬һСһһǹδһмɷ֣Ƕȥƴͷȫһ˸ռˣ˵յȷͲС˵ļģ˻һȥҪ˵ļʣӿɲù
ɨһۣɫ죬ԵЩнп࣬ͻȻһЦŵͷع˵Цˣֻһ񣬹ʵǵ𣬲ҵ޳عӵĻ칦磬Ȼ۹
һϲСӵ׻ûм档
֪ջһתֵĻǺվ͸ˣ˷ƽѣΪЩڴ˴սѾʿΪ˱ңգ޾壬ǲɾޣɰˣǵĹ£ɸǲĹ
˵ţ˼ګһֵտǵӢǣһͬף׵ʤⳡʤǵģǵġ
ã˵úãС˷ġ
һλĿ֮˶ʱкãϿӦһԱ󽫡
佫Ҳ׷׽кá
Ƕ佫ĶǵıеȻмһ
˼ګͬҲ佫úһȥЩʿидӹʮر
ʱ˼ګһıʿͺСѵɲСﰡ롣
˼ګ͵ؾѹ֪Լ˴ɣΪƳڿǷǳעŵڡģվһСũס÷ƫƧɽׯһũū˵ûʸ㵹ãⲻǴ塢ʿôǵôһǳǳҵͼĴ
ʵ˼ګҲӦõϾҲǹһʱˣټΪ˺ǳ˲ţͺһ㣬е˲ţԼе˲ôĹͣȻİ
ǻ˵Щ¿ɲ˼ګܹıģҲ˼ګܹģվŵĶ붼ˣʴ˲û˵ĸԸһһ˳ȥ϶˼ګµģȥʵﵯ㣬𿴾һλ治С£æ¿˵úãǲŸʸʤϲáãǵӢǡ

ǳһ˵᲻ʺңλӶôིģӶˣһþƽѧɲˡ˵΢΢ƳȻϻЦݣЦȴǳӲ룬СˣҲ㺫үƾ׾ӵ椼Ҿûж飬Ը㻹Ƿǳ򵥵ġ
յһλԵֵⰲš
жΣҪǣϾԩ·խ
ǺҲ˲ôˣСҰһ£ʵ˼ګûиСҰλãƳǹûӵģҲҪⰲλֱ¾ˡ
ںһһƣ뾴ЩӢۡ
˼ګ˵һ󷬻ȥĵ֣־ٱǿλһƣǵӢǡ
ҷ׷׾ٱһ
һǣ˼ګƣ־ٱλӦ֪˷ƽѣת۵Ѿ͵ϮûȡóɹĻ룬ȻᣬȴΣ֮ʱͦûǵ˿ܻܵĪĽѣɼƳ˳˶аǼİǵΪԼ˾һ
һ̸͵˵ļǣӦΪǵ˾Сһ
ΪǰһܺЩ佫⣬ǶԺղûĽʣǳϲСӣ׷׾ٱ
ҵ찡
ռæվžƱңңĸλɶҵĳܵСȸΪ
˵Ͻȸˡ
˼ګҲǱȽ˽⺫գһٶҲǼ߲ˣһŷ׷׺Ɑơ
ɲУҿɲͷһֻǡͻȻƳ˼ګԵչɣЦɲ˼ˡϽԼƣٱʵС΢ĩֵ֮һᣬҪ˵ӢۣҿǵʲãʱоվΣңӦԼʱȶסĺ;ģΪܿɹǣӻգȵʱɳԼ⽫Щ
СԭǺܺµģܶӵĸȾŹϵǽңǶ˲ɣ¹ϣСӼΣ򣬿ҲǺѳɹȻӻҪűҸѹΪӲǱݵĴӢۡӣҾһ
չɻ£û뵽磬ΪɨڼϸǿճУǺģҲһֱⶼǺյĹͣҲûдȥôһ˵ԼҲһǴҲȷ˺ܶ£ּô೤Щ˼
̾ٱС˵ļǣı²洫д֮緶ӢҲСҲһ
СӵҲѽ仰˵Ư
ﲻ֪ڴʲô⣬һ˫УվͿһϲѩеôѾ˾֮ģ·˽֪ӵƨǵȻģңӸղŵԿղˬһյϷˣһղһũȻգѹȫչͷϣǵȻˡ
ҲϺ⣬ҪľЧ


119 
£Ȼö˵ˣҶ֪ô׷չɾƣǹٳˣĲ˵ˣƨĹ򣬻ûз˭
ǰ澴վƲͬնΪ˼ګǾչɵľƣȫǷĵģʲôȮӣʲôӢ۳꣬ƨͬϽˮ಻ں²찡
չ䶥ŹӵܵĹ⻷ϾᣬҴδ˴ĹͣЩƮƮˣһһȵʮֿġ
˼ګһֱûȻᾴӾƣҾչɸҺ΢΢ƳգССҰͷԴȣòģܲףĵСӣȻƵҶͷˡ
ʲôˣǧˣκʱ۹·˷˼ګһ̷ӦϽ֣СҰԣ˼Ҷˡ
СҰʲô׵ģʦģӦôڳ⣬ںȾƣ˹˹ĵģϸʣǶŮ˵ģǼô˵ǡŶһһƣ˽һ۵ı顣
˼ګҲûǹһ˿޵Ц⣬ȵǾ󣬲ſһȮڱһսУпɣУкܶ಻֮Ӣ۾޴̸𣬵;ˣ׵Ҳн
˵תͷȥչɵչвЩӢۣͻԶˣѵҲᵽΪߣ佾꣬Ϊذܣ㻹һκܳ·Ҫߣмǣмǡ
ΪףȻϣԼĶб£Ǳģ˼ګһھͿ϶չһαսı֣Ҳʵչɵȷ÷ǳһζĹͳ˳谮ݣ˼ګֱָչɵĲ֮ΪչɸղŵȷЩƮƮɣ˼ګϣչܹ̤ʵأ㱾£һ˫Ҳɲ
ȽˣվԵùڵ͵ˣһӦµĸоҲ˼ګǳͷۡ
չɶʱϵ΢Ц׵׻׻̻壬Եġ
˼ګͷٶ˵ôˣҪ߶ǾԶ˫Ŀɨˣ˷ƽѣܹȡôʤĸλǹûѾλĹһһ͢ʹͺܿͻġ
ۣ
ˣеʮϲ׼л˼ګʱһʮֲг
ֻһھȿȿȣǸǸȿȡ
Ǻðĺգּ˿æǸ
һ꺺ӹû£û£СؼҲӦõġ
Ҳ׷Ц
ǴΪʲô޷ҲλõʵʹͣҪ˼ګϱǿ϶᲻ԽıģȻΪһ̫ˣһȥտ϶Ҳܵõٵʹ͡
ҼŮպò׻˹ȻϻЦݣȴȿ޻Ҫѿ˼ګ㡪㲻СҲȥ˰ɡ
˼ګźգ˸żЦ⣬ȴȻôǺ˼ĪΪٻ̰Ĺ͡
СӲ˼Сֻǡ
ǱãģֻǾʵԱĹͣ˭Ҳߡ˼ګǸɴ˵
ǿˣǱٳϴһûʮˣڳʱôҲҼ갡ջ治֪˵Ǻã⽪Ȼϵѽ
ʵջˣΪ˼ګʥּٳҲ룬ʲôλһֻūôһͨգܾʥּǳ롣
ʵ۷ͣȷ͵һͳ˧ӦõģΪͷҲȳͷͳ˧ͷʿҲ˵սʤ˼ګݵĴ޴ʷ϶ǹģʹҲ񣬵ǿ϶ʹ͸µĲ嶼Ǯģҳ͢϶ҲµĲǰƶ㡣
͵˵ݱս˵Ŀ϶Ǻգǳ͢϶ݹͼչͷϣֻΪһչɵıʿҲ˵չɵ£Ϊյλ̫ͣãд󳼶붼ǹ壬ǵȻȿԼӵܣҪҲ֪չɶԣһõĻᣬҵ˿϶ûչɴ˼ګƵǰûʵֳ֪һλ֮㣬ڳеԱ֤ҵ
˼ګرﺫգ͢Ҳ̫ȥעСӣΪݹͼںͷϣܵõ֮٣Ǽչͷϣȫˡ
˼ګȻҲ֪֮ᵽ˺գʵ͢ҲôӣҲǸһᣬúоһʱͿ˳úְҲ˲ԺԺķչҲΪġ
ɴ˿ɼ˼ګǷǳغյġ
ΪյƷУǣԸ񣬶ǳ˼ګĿе˲ţ͵ǫ飬ӾĳԺǷǳϲ
ȫ˽еĵ룬ˣ˵棬Ȱǰ˵ͻȻ˵Сһ󡣡
˼ګЦǺǵ˵С𱦵°ɡ
ͷɲ뵱ɰ
˼ګȤⲻͦõô
õģбʵ۲Ū㡣淺ɫҪǵνҲʲôⶼƭ˵ģСӴСһֱʵ֣һֻ϶Ĳ˷ƭˣҲֻȣұ⣬һղ壬СѰ
޳ܣ
˼ګչɣͬʱ
㺫ƭ˻ôݴʷƭѩ⣬ʱⲻȥˡ
˼ګҲûе㴩ϾҪƸκյģȻܰѺǰЩаڳģȵЩܸ֮ҾͻὫ¡
ʵ㺫ղ˵˼ګҲС𱦵ģϻʵģŪ˳ն˻ȥˣǻʵ񲻻Σ˵λߣǻʵ۵λأ£˼ګó塣
տɲЩֻҪ˼ګӦˣæл
ʱһŹ۵վֵ¹һ󡣡
ֻŹٷұߵһλһɽִ̬֮һ˿߰һĹٳΪؼǣŵ
˼ګˣæЦ֮µ˵޷
֮ݱʿҲĸס
ؼҲݵʿˣǱκʱģʿǴһײģֻдС֣֮ȻҲȲҡ޼ҡ¬ҡִ壬Ҳ㲻壬һС壬ȴǷǳļ壬ǲСġ
˼ګʱǿѹͷߣ಻˳Ͼǹй壬ʿܶ˶ˣϾһ·ˡ
˼ګ֮ǳб£Ǽ룬뵽֮õ˵ĹٷĶˣݣϾе̵ļ壬֮Щµģ˵˼ګݴľҺؼҹϵһֱǳã˼ګҲ֮㹻أ˼ګҲƾؼ뽭ʿùϵжţڽΪ٣ͱҪ罭ʿ塣
֮ȮѩСһ𣬶С޲£÷Ͷϣ˽ѵ˳ɻ֮ʣʴ¹ðס
һԵϲѣæҾ壬СֶһֱŷѩܹӦ
ۣ˵ŴĲӶǳôôλزرţأѩ棬ҿ㻹ô̰ͼɫôα
ðԲм֮£Ǹƾ£Լ椲Уӳ棬ûϢļһ
תһ룬ǰĺպҲǿɽ棬ȢФƣǾƾǰյĸԣƹһӵϣܴѽȻ˺շǴ˺գȻõ˺յ壬ôҲӦü̳ǰյ衣
ˣˣԼУ˼ӱˡ
ЦЦȤĿ˼ګ
֮һ˹ͷѩҿų󣬿νвŮòβ֮ϲϲأ
һ֮ͬ
˼ګͷЦʵд⣬ֻСŮӣ֮вһֱûȻһҺͽϵʿҹڽϵǷǳаġ
ôϲ
֮æңҡ˼ǣӦ¡
˼ګͷǲԣ»ѯʼĸɶᡣ
֪֮˼ګһТӣȻ˼ګӦˣϷ˿϶Ҳᷴԣϲ½ߣǵȻǵȻ


120 ΣյŮ
⻹ϲϼϲһ־ףأ⡣
˼ګͷӦˣϲüңЦ춼ϲ£ˡ
Ȼֲݰ̫ðڼ׵ĹƺҲСϾҪҽΪ׼ңǾǣҲ˱ƾһ˵һصĻҪ뻯֮Ľ٣ͽؼңҲؼҡ
ȻһƣȴأԴб֮⣬ȻǿգΪƨ
նҲ¶ɫĵ㰮ô룬ô룬ҷ御ˣҲ㣬ҲңҪǼˣҾҲҪҧڡ
󣬴ҿʼ̸۵ȻǴ˷ƽѵĹ̡
̸ѾĽս̣ͻȻʵǳ˶ôģ
˼ګгɣ̾ŮȻˣһսʱҲʧɫ׿岻˵ҲϽü
ٲսĽ׷׵ͷ
˼ګҺʹϣ˶սһգڽܣ˶طŲбܽ룬ɽϣŷȥȰǳ˶֮󣬳˶ǧ˶Ƿ˳棬˶طĶ
࣬˵Ҳǳ򵥣ǵʱ֪ǶôĲҡ
յͷٶ˵ˣʵսϸڣʵ޷ǾˣеһǿݣҲԼģֻǶ˶еǳ棬ΪӡУǵһŮʵۣôðһŮʵ룬Ůʵ۵ʵۻ£ģҲǺܴ󣬿ʷҲûϸء
˵ںո˶ԣ˶սǴһΪǳ˶ĴˣҪ˶סˣǷǵǧвɡ
̸۶ʱѾҹĻʱ֣أԵƻͨʼҹ磬Ůӿʼظ裬ĸˣɶݳţĸˣĵ飬ȶ˵ģǵһȺɫ˫ĿֱԴ󷢣һһò
պյͦϲģڱϵһպĽȵҲǲ˵ǴˣйͬĻ⡣
һա
չͻȻλ岮ǰЩӣһλɫŮܸ裬һֺýСֶصΪλһΡ
һ˹Ůܵöӿޣй֮ҵȴᶨҪơ
һɫǷ׷׵ͷ
չ̳һ̴ӵͷ̴̳ô
һҡ£һλŮӽô
ŮôʱڵʱһƬѻȸ˫ĿֱŮˣƱУ˼ګҲһ㶡
һͷںŨ㷢߸𣬷ޣ¶⻬񾱣ɨüף㼡䲻ʩ죬ɫȴ糯ϼӳѩһ̳ȹܷܷ̽۲׳ӯɫӣģƲ䡣
Ƶףȴְؽġ
ʵһ˳ǣ˹
˵
䲻˫ĿҲػشŮҲФ֮һˡ
ʵռܶŮǶٶһЩ˹ڣڴ֮ǰȻŮǰһФƯģȻ⻰Ǵ˵ФƱŮҪôһ㣬˵òŮФһֱ񸾴磬˿װڴŷͲ࣬ȣ̫ƽҪһϸ£ҲФƴ⻪ķΡ
ѩȻ޶ˣǱФƺʹŮҪһѩҲ֮ǾഺûжѧഺΪҺĴѧǳ죬޷չֳŮ崿ˣ
ɫĶűȻȥģˣⷴʵ䷴ˣΪʲôʲôܹһʵ˿ԭǵһģΧʱΪںǸᣬ·ϲ㣬ȱһഺʲôʮ߰ĻŮⶼϡжˣͼݣ̵ĲݵϣѾһķ羰ھưɵǿԼܶġ
ѩഺŮһһһһЦֵ쾫£ФƺʹŮ޷ġ
Ů˼ګǰ΢΢˫սһȭŮӡ
٣·֮
˼ګЦŵͷãͷΪҵһ
Ůǰʵ۶÷Ѿ˼ģο˼ګˣȻʮֿ
˼ګѩֵöһλˡ
ңңΪ裬Ůĸ֡
΢΢˵
˼ګһ죬롣
롣

Ů˫һڣһһ䣬Ʈ
һ£ӦúȲʡ
轣ƳǳʢУӣŮӣֻҪһֺýǲóûԡ
ҫ£Ť貽ӯ˷ȥһ㣬㲻մơǺ
ʱӯ࣬׵һˮɲǡ
ʱ㽣磬˪ѩԣ̽â᳤̬

̫ˣ
Ǿ紦ӣá
ȲδжϹ
Ҳǿ£ƣ˳ԡûп轣֮У̺һӢ԰
Ȼ˼ߣûһ

ŵþг
˸Ǵʧɫ
չٿȻּһǴ𣬶ǰһƣֲԾ˿ŵ̱λϵ𣬲¶Ц
ƺһƺתڽ˳ȥƾһվƽУһˮӾƺǺ촽С
ã
һӮк
Ҳ
Ƭֻ̧̣ȣһ㣬վ̽ͻƺ֪ʱſڣֻ֮ٴлӴ;ơ
һεֱͷ
ƺͻǻһĿ뺫յĿϡ
һЦƱһСҰСҰ
СҰúսͻȻתͷȥźա
ÿңľơ
˵ʱأˡ
СҰһ֮ɫֺֻ˵ŮΣգҪע⡣
СҰСüͷһ壬žƱһ˿Ŀˡ
Ŀ˼ګչɣ⸸ȫע轣ﰵżҿ˿ͻȻֶһƣλƵСӾһ
⽫ҲһˣֵģܶԺθڣŶ˾ͺ˼

ƺû
պΣֺ
˿ˮˣﻹ˵Ϻգ
㲻ǰɣ΢΢üתͷ䣬˵Ŀ⽻أ¶ɫĿͻȻұƳȥƺ£֮ɫδȫȥûиһճմġ
Ը㲻һݰվ;ٱСعӣعӡ
תͷա
վٱϲعӲձɱ˹飬پһ
⻰ǰ淺ϲɫٱлл
һʱȴЦݣȴǳ˵عӣ᲻˵κλ㶼Ҫеκξȣֻת㸸׼ɡ
һ㶣ɻĵͷ
յһɴŮǳ˶൳
˶棿
ʱе


121 
찡ôô椶ݵĲݰ
һ̣ɱ˵ĶˣľͲףôֵزΪôҲ֮ӣӵܣӦûе緶ģ֪СҰ
һ£ʱ˲ĿǲĿѣ˻Ϊڸƽѵ£ֻ˵㣬ʦڼ֡
ȴɫ䣬͵תͷԹ޵Ŀա
ģ
տɲᱻĿŵҲ˲ˣ˫̧Ůȥ
һֻžһ죬ǰʱ룬߷ȥɼһжô
һ죬ֻǾѲˣֻ˴ͷеáһã찡ּĵܵ˼ګǰ˻ǻģΪѾ˴죬һֱȵϣ˶ѾˣûſµģҲѾˣȫ״⣬ģһãȻŮ
٣ЩҰԾǳġвɵô˼ҶǴ󽫾ô뵽һСӣڲûʱɧֻһﲻƺ¾ˣһԾ𣬶̽ա
һ֮죬ûаɣҪյ׼أϾӦ
һ
һƱƾնûڽϣ󣬽ƫתϵ

ŵôһȥǱ֮ҿһǴɡ
֪֮еһӰ
ĿһƳֻСҰ˫סǺǰİǣֱӺɨȥǡкɨǧ֮ơƺ׼תܹϺ籱һ󾢷εƮɼһ
أԲܣ˶̽ٶȴգ·Ҫȡһ㡣
СҰͻȻ𣬾ͬһ㣬ļߣ˫סȣ֮ԺڿһΣⰫ˻ҪˣȻˡ
˼˰ԵİϾ룬Ҳַһӳ
žһ졣
ֻǰеĶ̽ȥһ룬ֱӷ⣬ʣ߰ǰǰ˿Ʈ
˱⾢紵˫Ŀʹս΢΢̧֮࣬һ޷ĸ߶ȣڸͿյСҰ
СҰڿˣ˳ȥ
սеСҰ
˸ͲȥСҰϸü͵һٶȴա
տɲǲݰͻ״ˣ˳̧İ˹ȥ
ٶһ롣

һȣֻһӰٶȷһŰٶˡ
СҰ˭
ֲдŮֳƣ·׷˴
ĵ֮
ֻǺܿϧȫ᲻İԵ֮ʼǷȱһټССʦĸߴͣһȥͻмܲסСҰǸʦһվ϶ֲֻĵĲ㣬ҲٳΪһ𣬾ͺѶ⵶ͼԵһη϶ηأﻹҳ
ƺҲһâȥ̽ϴ̳
СҰСģ
ռæе
СҰڿУ޷鼱֮£СҰֱ˦ǰŰһǴֶ̽СҰҷˣСҰҲһʱһͬһֻһ㣬ڵأһ˫۾׹⡣
ʦһװԵĵϣԵȴ׺ʮ㡣
˵ʦͻĻôڵСҰһֻ׺ݵǡ
δȴŮӦӽȥֱһۣһʲôһЩ̱һװŲиˣ̧ͷһֻ˻ڵϼɢڵϵһȥСҰ򲻹ԼȥҲֻһЩȥ
ɣ
Ů
ţ㡣
һȣֻչɴӸ彣˹ͨ죬Ǻ˲پƣҲǹǺ
Ϊ칦磬ɲ׼ģΨ˼ګһ彣⻹ֻװõġ
Ϊһз̫ˣ˸޴ӷӦһֱ﷢㶣˶治Ѿôѵǳ˶ǳ˶ô⾿ʲô
ֱչ˳ǵľ˴룬һ£ɵ߳ŭһŮҲڴүǰ䣬佫ǰİŮûа취ҲûѽЩĹǶԶԶأ˶ȥжʱһƬҡ
չɵһ佫ĲսǶһ٣ղСҰѾˣΪŮ˳ֵʱ̫ˣɵóһ
СҰˣ㲻ǰǰ磬㡪û°ɡ
ҡͷû£ȥæ
СҰҡͷҡҲȥԶ٣ҡҶԷһŮˣǴɷΪ
һ㶣漴׹ʦǺεӢۣ϶мԶ٣ǿĿȾСҰȻҲ¡
ǱأԴĲɿ֪ʱѾСҰĶ̽˫趯Ӱչһ佫Ȼм˱̽ˡ
ŮȷʵҲ˵һа٣˶Ѿȶˣڶм佫ſϵģȫûзӦΧģҲǷӦٶۣ൱Ѿ
벻Ůտż
Ȼ˵ۡʶһһĴӢۣҸǹдңһǼ治ԶٵıĽأ翣λõɫʡ
ͻ䵽˼ګһֱŵģҲûа־⣬սϣҲ壬οֻԹۣлʮŮĵɫô˻üͷ΢壬ȷ˼һŮӶʷǺεһȺүǣвǴʷӣ´󽫣ΧһŮˣⱾͺܶˣһһʱòȷʵЦŵããȻеɫ
һ⻰⣡æµŮڸЦֲǱף׽ﻹҪ㽲壬ʮŮɿգƣö˼ɱŮȻ𣬸λӢۣǧҪŮ飬Ӧٴɽޡ㹻Ů˼ܾǳ˶档
˵ţִ˰Щȥˣд̿д
Ϊ칦磬ҪŪõǹŪûΪҪ췴ˣ˭Ҳû뵽˸д̣ķɭϣŮ澡ʹӶǣľû³ͻȻѾҳһˣټҽ߸
úս£òһѪô۸˵ġ
˼ګǰЩ棬Ǻնô˵ˣȻҲ˳ˮˣٽŮ¡
һһͽ͸˼ѪƵãҾҲѵĲˣԽ
ٸߣվ˫ֲ֣Щֲ޸֮ĳһȺĽ洫ŲĿһ˿ţͻȻһȥŵмһȺҶŮûһϵĺ籷ݶϵ˳һֻǺͬ߳ϲƼȦŮһһС鲽һԾ˷𣬶̽裬ˣΧȦ
飡
˷ڿУƮŮһ㣬ǣͻȻһ壬Բϡ
Ǵɷ羰
͵һתͷֻһ׼߳ŭһ̫޳ˣһˣͻڱЩϷ
ʲô̵ܣҽɣһ㲻£űӾ
ŮͻȻ˫ڶϣͬӼһ㣬Ȳƺ籣֮࣬ٶһԾϺ
һȺү̧ͷŴŮʱɵˡ
ȻŮϣͻȻһ
٣
տһ
˵ʱ٣ʱ죬˴Ӱó˦ա
֮֮
ǰɣҲһףʷϵһŮʵۣӦдҷ緶ǣôЩϷ
͵һۡ
Сģ
СҰӦѸ٣˵ڵء
飡
ֻЩں̨ϣúɫһŨð
ף
һŵζʧɫµСģж


122 
չɵ䲻֪Ǻú˵׷סǡ
⴫Ų
ֻѹѹһƬʿӭǵȴʮ׵飬һ⣬׷״ǰ̨ϣͬŴ
ոսʿʲôûŪͱһŨ̸Ǻð
ಣ
˦ʮ൯ǫ֮̈̄ϡ
ŻǳֵĴѾ̻죬ֵɢ˶
ȿȿȣ
˱Ǻñᶼ˳˲ô࣬ϽȥĽɲˣһʱдҡ
ģôȥֻᱻˡסǣԵ÷ǳңǵı˶ˡ
СҰļָָߵĴĴ򿪴˳ȥ
Ÿյ⣬֮գˣһȡ㹷ġ
ŮΪ벻޴㲻״ǲ˼ګģֲңԩͷծбɱȥֲǲң󡣺һԹҲǡǡ֤еľ£΢΢ü˫Ŀ͸һɱһ鷳أԲСҰһơ
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ȻһʱȥˣѾѰˣأԲ˵ӰּѾѾƳǽģſ϶ǹŵģ϶ڳڣ˼ګ˳ӰҰȥѣһҪץסŮˡ
պֵֹ̺֮ߣǼ˼ګˣҲûиõİ취ʴ˲ԡ
һ칦ôɢЩ׷ǰȥѲ飬ΪǼ˵ˡ


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ŮӺͷŮȷЩֻǸ˶װ磬ʴһʱδϳ
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ѩһŮ
⣬ŽյĽѾ˵һУʹٸһλᣬҲû˻뵽˶澹Ȼֱ޷ģղеЩ󽫣㶶˰ΣȻ˶滹ôˣһȷ̫ˣ˷ʤ


123 ƺ
꺫յķ˼ګͻȻʲôƵãˣҼǵó˶滹һãܿ棬طӣֻܿ沢ûи˶һ̣ʴ˵ʱҲδע⣬ʱǸŮ˾ǳ˶ãܿ档
չɵҲпܷŮǳܿ档
ճƬ̣ҡҡͷҾ÷Ůǳ˶ĿԸΪطǳܿɷǷͬûܿԸԼɷһȥԼ͵ĻȿԱס˶棬Ҳɷͬ⣬ǳܿĻ޵һɱɷҡ
չɵͷ˵еǳ˶棬ǳܿ棬һ֪
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չ۸ףףѾڱߵıԵˡ
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ǳ˶һ췴ʵۣȻҵ˼ګһɴǰдֱ̣ŮľѽΪݣ˼ګûɶ𣬶һ֣ң𵱳͹ˣ˶治ŪңջĴһȫˣģôĻ𣬿϶˲ٰա
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˼ګչɽһ㶣źգȷ˶ΪʲôһҪɱգڴ棬˶ǿûп˼ګһľ͹ɱգǰǾ仰
ѽҲǴӴжϳԷǳ˶ģǳ˶ȣŵͺ¿÷ǳˬЩǮӦǳ˶췴ʽ𣬱ײˣŵͺ¿ҲץЩӡ鱦˿Ӧ˶ǻõģյˣ˶գȻʱ֪ܲյĵϸǾݱս󣬺룬ܶ˶գһ˶ԣӦòѲ³
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ͷװŭδӣ˵ʲôʲôɣҷǲˡ


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ܶն֪ô£ŵҪﻹԹԡ
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Ψһջ񣬾ȷ˵սķǳ˶棬ǳ˶ãܿ棬ô룬ݳڵǸŮ˾ǳ˶档
˼ګⱩƢ̲סˣּӴѲȣʼҰѲ飬ľߡ
һŪݰҲʹ಻һ㣬ⲻܳţô޷ƣرˣغգ⼸ʧ޴󣬻гİգԭѾ׼ûһ⣬ȫҲżĺܡ
Խϣ˼ګԽ


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Ҫ֪רѽںֵӾܷ£Ƕӳ죬ο˹Ѳ飬Ҫӳȥ׾٣Ѵ֮
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ʼܼ򵥣նó˶Ϲ
չɵǳ˶ƶˣټץҲδؾ͸¶档
ȴԴŲͬĿΪٸȫͨŻἱҪɱңΪයһգͶһΣգܻܿᱻֵģңҲ²ʱ˿һȲҪɱңΪʱеĳʢģϾã÷ԼŸողŲ᲻ϵ
˵΢΢һЦŵһϵġ
˼ګ˻˵
ЦΪһһɱҵĻᡣ

˼ګӽһ̫յ˼
ս͵˶治ɵĺܣʱʱ̶̿ֻ˵ǲ޵ǺѵֵģҲǲôçײģΪû֮ǰǲ׶ģһȣȥҷǳұ뾡նݳֻҪһĻᣬп֣ܵһ᲻һеɱҡҲȥŪʲôеûģܵͷһգֱӸһɱңͬҲǸһɱĻᣬ죬򵥣Чķʽ
ʵȱ壬壬һƭ֣һΣգ廹ƭֻ֣һĿģΨһģջĿϵƭûʲôߵֵ֮ģһŪô໨ڣʵеƭֶǸĿƶġ
Ͽ˱ƭ;ܺߺɵ棬ô򵥡׾ӵƭ㶼ǰ׳ֻΪ㲻ǱƭǸˣ޷ܺߵʱ̬㲢⣬еԹ壬ԣȻܶô˵ΪԼ̣ʵǡǡϵΪ̫ΪˣΪԼôˣôܻϵһСľͿܱƭͷת򣬲֪ϵرǧҪΪϾ˾Ϊû޴ֻиƻˡ
ʵʵеƭֶ붼ǳ򵥣ֻϸ׼ȷİĿ̬֢֣Ҳû֢״ˣһ۾ͿЩֻǹװɺӣʵǺèǰèץסľǺèֻҪܹʹĿϵƭ֡
˼ګҡͷУʵǷǳΣա
ЦлģΣտ϶еģ׽סߣһֱĻΣʱʱ̶̿ң쵣££춼ѾôΣٲһˡ
˵ҲЩ˼ګ˼Σּһ֮ɫջǵͷðɣԡ


125 ͬ
ѹ˼ګǾڵڶͿųţûа취Ϊ˶ѾɲκθӰ죬Ҳ˵˶񣬸û̫Ĺϵ˼ګҲΪһ˽˰յƣ˶һطܲһץ˶棬͹һŰɡ
ǣŹ鿪ţⲻܴͷŹ˳˶棬˼ګһسţÿǵ˶ϸѲ飬⣬˼ګǼӴѲȣ˵ݳ⻹Ǵڽϵ״̬
ںտ˶϶а취ǵģϾ˶滹ûɱô
ʵҲˣֹȥգ˶أûκϢ


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ܼ򵥣һ
Фƾȵƾһˣ⡪ʲô𡣡
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յȻ֪Լһ˲ǳ˶Ķ֣ɵÿСҰ
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ﲻФƵ˼ԳɣŵҲǣ˽ФƣҪİ
ФƶʱüЦǳˬ˵δҲ̫ˣһˣȻǹͬˣһҳ˶ٵˡ


126 
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ʵҲģΪһβɱ˶棬˲˶̫࣬˵Ļ˶治һ֣Ϊ֪ȥģǻֵĻçΪˣ˶ûôֵǮģԳ˶϶׳֡
˼ګ˵ɸգǺŲಫѽиʶˣһǳҪФƺСҰİֻҪڣղܰġ
Фʵôճ˶Ϲ
յϸ˵Ҳ㲻գǸһɱҵĻᡣ
ФɻΪʲôҪôǱ߲ô
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ҡҡͷǳ˶Ҳǰ׳գ෴ĺܣǱͿɼһߣԣô²ȻǡǡµģΪѾ֪ҵĵϸҲ֪ǵĴڣһղҾͱʱʱ̿𡣡
˵̾ʵɱһˣֻʴȵǳ˶ĻҾͲһʱʱݣһѲ˵һҾߣ־嵱У˺µġ
Фƾȵ벻غݶ

ԶԣûôۼôҲֹһˣԷҪôŵöߣҪôֱӷˣֱʽǷǳģҲǺǵģôеҪ˶沫
ФƺҲ⻰ЩףæĿڵ˵Ҳеԣôڲϧðգǵ뵽һ㡣
յͷڳ޵УֻҪһᣬһܲɱҵģҲɱĻᡣ
Фʵûأ
յǾ֤뵽һ㣬Ļǿ¾Ҫˡ

𰸣ФƸеʮֳԾеųΪһŮӣʲô
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˵ֵûа֣һҲĶ֣ѵҪʱʱ̶̿ôǽϽ֣éϴ˯ĻδҲ̫ˣڳİջɣҲҹˣ뿪Ƕδزһѡ˵ҲǴһط
·ⶫԣʵϤˣҲδΪΪųΪ˶췴ȻûˣɱǴ´ܹ࣬ɱ˶棬׽סǵȻٺòˣ׽סҲɱˣôֻѡʧˡ
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ȻŮϾδ̸֪һŮǰ̸һŮһǳǵ顣
ФþͺǲˬΪǰղ˵ûпȻڳ˶棬ȻտڿҪɱ˶棬мڣ޲͸ŶԳ˶֮⣬߯ˣ䲻ʵ˵Ҵǳ˶
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˵ָФƣΨ㣬ΨФƣһذɣѾˣǿ̸˵оݣɴ˿ɼԶıԡǣԼԴְպ֪ҪԶʤĻԲѡôһ·ġ
ƺţǰԼҲƽȥˣͻȻФƺҲ޸ĳЩ֪һҪϼ
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ФƸжϡͿģͷš˵̫ˣФƱͱͶˣôҲȥ췴˶˰˵СҰСҰΪ㺫˵Ķ𣿡
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ʦ̲סˣе


127 ɱŮ

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128 ˮо飨ϣ
˶һҪɱգôõĻᣬΪɱնˣͬģҲһҪɱ˶棬ɲôһ书ǿƶ˵ĳϣ˶СϷȻƭФơСҰȴգϾʦӺա
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СҰҲܽں档


⺫Ҳǲˣˮʱǡһֱӽǳˣˣ˶滹·һ
ʱҲ֪ԼںδĩˣϾˣˮǱ̹ǣʱ˲Щˮӱһֽס˶Ĳӣƾ˶˫ߴҧ֣زˣϧ񣬺նѾˣʱֻɱŮˡ
յʱɳ⣬Ʒǳ嶯ʵҲȻΪˮԺãˮĻ˶Ĺʩչйˮ˲ľ飬һҲȫǳ嶯ٳɵģһյġ
ʵҲ֤һ㣬˶û뵽ջɳ׼ˮʱûбԼָȻʱ֣Ǻ˼ˮȥȻȴбһˮͽס˶棬һؿϣ˳ƽסһ˵˶Ѿոˡ
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˵Ǳ޵ģ˶־˵ӲĽյһĿռ͵ײȥ
Ϊֻӱ˱ʲôײһ£۵ͳˣ͵عˮȥθڲҲɿ
˶ǹŹǰһѿ󣬾Ͳһеˮȥ

˶ˮ棬͵ſۣڴڵĴоһ˿⣬ĸһŨŨɱΧɱСҰġ
ȻһɱִӱϮתͷûһճˮ棬һְס˶Դֱӽ˶水ˮУͬʱҲڴҲǵ˼ޣֹ˼ˮȥҲǴȱϽ
˶һŤѿٶȳˮ棬˫סյĲӣһ͵һٶȳ
һղȫ෴Ϊպ׼˶׼ģ˫ֽסյĲӣնϧ͸˵ˣָ׶ѾǶ뺫յƤ档
Ů˵ˮΪʲôôã˫һץҲס˶ĲӣȴץĶﲻɵôʲôͷף̫ѽѵðҲӣҾץءģ̫ˣץס
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ûа취ô˶ģͬǺԸѡͬ

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ϡҹӵһ𣬱һô顣
үƫƫ˶ƺĴӵһ⻹Ūˡ
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պͳ˶ĺͬʱһ죬ܵʹ
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131 ֮
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132 ̸ۼ
ФȻרƤ죬ȴʤƤ죬ôε뿪úհһзնԺ󣬺ܿͻ˯ˣҲһֲƷʽ
ڶһ磬ϴһ󣬾ͳ÷ţֻһۣһֵţ̧ͷȥӴ̫ˣ
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133 ̨ҹ

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ФһΣһҡڵǱȥﻹ治֪Ų̄Ǻξġ
Ǻξģҿͼıɡ


134 鷳
ˣˣ磬СҰҡܲˡ
ܵ˫ֳϥţǰĺպСҰС˵·ڰ󣬽һ磬ͱܣҪ֪һӶûܹһͺˡ
СҰ˹ȥĵСС֣û°ɡ
ܲˣܲˡ
ܵҲ˲ô࣬һƨڵϡ
˹ܵܣĵС֣տʼܣеۣһЩӣͻúöˣǲֻԽԽ֣ʱ˵·߲ˣ㲻˵ҪСҰһܵÿ죬øôΨһİ취ټһ£ҺСҰܡ
СֿǺˮֵܳģǰһ⣬ԣԽԽˡ
վȥɲУǲСܲΪҲǴ󲡳塣
ܵۺգСҰǳĵĿԼͻȻͷ
һЦ΢΢
СҰҲ֡
ܵܺٺһЦ˫֡
աСҰַ֮ܵŲܵ
磬ܹСҰһô
ֻҪ֣һԵġ
ˣǺҲ֪ǲܵģ˵СˣҲ׷СҰСҰٶ̫ˣӦ츳ƽѵҲǲܵСҰһ
ںպСҰĹ£ܵڼ˰ʱʱ˾͸һ㣬˵СҰͺտġ
һصڣФһźƣ˴
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Ф㳵㻹˼˵ҲϴСˣôСֺСҰȲˡ
ƵʲôҲȥܲˡ
Фָ¥ϵ㣬˱û

գգۣҡͷûϰ߰
һԾƵΪҵˣôԼӰ
ûϰߣӦϰߣФƲˬӣķңӵĵǣϴŵˮϻǲŲ͹ڴϣ˼С֡СҰ֪Լıӵ롣
ͷۣ
ͷ۵
ŮǷʲô񾭣ǰҲģԹΨһŵ㣬ɲܶѽҵðһûʲôȤԡձФͷǴģ֪ˣӦøսȥֱ׳ҿɷҵӱӦõģ㲻ĵ˵⻰С֣ǰӣ

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Фư˺һۣǺ߰ڳһϹӣֱиɻ͵һתͷС֡
Сֲһ̵ҵġ
ФƶʱЦˡ
ռܵܵС֣ͽò⣬ʲô
СίĶˣ磬ֻʵ˵
ФƿЦûУԺ£Ǽ֮ȫ
ܡ
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ФЦФûʲôܵġС֡ˣȥ
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ܵܲΡΡվСҰϽǰŻѣСְ
Сˣ̫Сţ緹ɡ˵ֵФƣȻȥ
ФЦһҾ˵Фûвܵġ
նʱӦתָФƵŶ֪ˣǹȥ͡
ФĿһ˿ҿûб㡣
޳ܡ
˴ˣ˴ˡ
ݡ
ŭһ˳ȥ
ոһţФһЦ˳ָܷܷܷܵС֣̫ллˡôôູˣ
˵Ϳĵ˳ȥѽǰСֺСҰڵʱܴ죬ͷűСһ䡰ҵġˡ
ܴܵ˺һתͷСҰкСҰǲͦԲ𺫴硣
СҰץԴҡҲ֪
ŭΪʳĺգԼĵɾ֮󣬾ʹСҰȥˣΪФƵýܵʶ֣ǴЩ£ֵܣȥɽʲôҰζ
ֵգɽϵҰζǳ٣ɽæ˴죬ջ޼շǳˬĽеջȫֵܣԼǺСҰֶ飬ϾȥԣҲֻģǳҰζȥġ
ֵܱ֮󣬺պСҰ׼ؼңǰʱСҰͻȻָָǰ棬磬㡪㿴
תͷȥֻüͷһ
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ɣüͷһ壬Ȼġ
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СҰüͷһ壬ǰһ
һסعӣϻУҵȷð֮Ѿǫˣ֮⣬Һûʲôطðɡ
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΢΢üҺ˵ܶ໰֪ʲô
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СͯЬǱ㺦ġհһ䣬û
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յͷ̾⻰˵ģиعɲĵطҸǸ
ǸǸõĻҾͲˡ
Խ˵Խŭµҽ룬仰ѩ㲻ϼ޸ҡ
˵ǲݰǻ̧ˣݰ硣Цعӣ֮λ޴ǣÿ˶ѡȨ⻰ɲ㣬ֻһְۣϲ㻰ȫѡ㣬Ȼﲻϼ޸㣬Ǿûѡ㣬ԼܣƵú˼ô
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һ߳壬ֻФƴ˳һ㺮˪


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Ů˺Ư
Фʱһ㶣ĿԴ͡
ΪФʱ򣬳˷ŶǺɴ棬Ҳ˽Ӵģչ˺գûмФƣ벻һũСӣһλòӣɫѩҪƯһЩЩʣҲǺɫ֮ˣϲĻѩϾѩй⻷ФƲһũƯʲôãֶܴʶһФǷŭѣָФƾ󸾣ҶԱ񡣡
üͷһ壬ͻȻŭ͸ҷŸɾһ㡣
ǰ֮һֱãҲ£ֻøֲݰûɶ˼ñһɶͯ䣬Ҳһ֡
ңȷ˵ǻл΢Щ˼Ȼģ⻰ҲûвԵĵطһ˲죬ͦʵģ˾ͼһֱá
ǣФƵʱеķŭѹƲסˣôңûйϵҲһƽϣһˣеģ㲻ҵļˣҵѣǺյԸҲһ˱ҪػĽ
ƺϰ˺յãջѵʱ߳ŭζָððһ󸾣ǵǶԵĽţҽշǵá
飡
δ˵꣬ͻȻһȭϣģ˵ͷŸɾһˡ
ûϵվҴһʱҲû׼һȭһţûˤסգ˫Ŀôģ𾪵źա
Ϊһȭ̫ͻȻˣߵļҽûзӦʴûһ˳ȡ
ФһĨϲüһ壬Ŀֳǡ
ҪٸҳԲѷݹҶ㲻
͵ָźգ㡪㾹Ҵң
պߵ㶼Ҵһص̥ȥ
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ŭɶ彣ļҽҲ׷׾ѹһڵϡ
ڴʱֻһӰʹӺ
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飡
ֻФƳȥϣǳɴ࣬ˮƮͬʱ仹ж彣һŽ߷ڵأֱһ̤Ű׾ϡ
⡪
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󸾣ҡѽѽۡ
տʼھƿڴƺˣФ治һƲ磬ϲּ˼ȵΣ۾ˣܿ죬㱻ȵ˵۵۴УҲҶˡ
ǼҽȣФ彣ʱס˲ӣһ˴ָФƣ󸾣󵨣ЩҼҹӣҪ㲻ú
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Ф¶һ̫˵΢ЦһŲĲӣЦЦǣǿ϶¹ĵģΪһɱҹӡ
ǰһͦõġգգۣФƲȵʹ𣬲Ҳһ亹ֿۻԼǰСҰСҰҲ̧ͷվСһãȻ˾ޱȡ
أ𻺻ȥܿѾĲӣФƺûͣĴ㡣
ҲûֹΪһˣˣˡ
벻Ҫ˺Ҽҹӡ
ֻͨͨͨĸҽ̹
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ФҡҡͷҲŴջ̾һȥһŮˣǱ˻ҪͣϾ߷ɹգ߷Ҳʲô£ֻҽһǼҽǰҲ֪۵ģǲ裬ʱͻ˹ȥ

ФƳȵ
ǼҽϽһ˱𣬽˼޷Ӧ̽̽ıϢ󰭣໥·ԥǲǸΪ𱨳𣬵ּФƳûаǼ֪ԼФƵĶ֣治Ҷ֣ͻĻȥˡ
׼ʲô°չƵФŮǺñѽԵġ
Фƻعͷɫȴ쳣صգǴˡ
΢΢ü֪
㲻֪Фҡҡͷֵֻ·ߡ
ռФƲڿЦģ·
һ·ܡ
ܣ
һ㶣漴ҲûôŰɡ
Ф΢ЦǲΪ˼ګô㣬Ӧû汣㣿
ƺ˼ûзϣҲûгϣֻҲֻһ٣ȵģʹйΪҲܰɡ
գ㲻ȥ٣ٰ֮
Фҡݸ
ü⻰
Ϊ̫ˡ

ʣǿЦá
ФȴڿЦɫصԷĻҪ£ҲʹˣǶԷؼҿʿ壬ֻ壬ʿͲһ£ΪһũСӣŹʿӵܣɾͲСô
˵˶٣ȻҵҪǿؼҺܶܶ࣬峯ľ壬ؼǶʹڵĹʿ壬ҵĵԶԶؼңرһĶֵأΪӹжںܶ෽涼ҪؼݵʵҪ˵ˣǵһ˳䣬ͬҲǳɵ޼ҡ¬ЩκĹϼ壬ΪԵĲһˣһ壬˵һȺ塣
Ӵ˫̸һ£ûˣ㲻ͬΪһũ񣬴𣬲һȭţѾؼ澡ʧ˵еʿ壬˼ګȻ㣬ҲԱ㣬̫Ĵۣҿδؾͻ汣㡣ʼǹ壬ǵǲַģһҲУһ˼ګ϶Ҳ
üѵվû𣿡
ФƵͷڹԣġǵõҾ͸˵òҪֹ֮£ǻ벻վûж
⻰·ؿڱסˣʵҲǳڣҲû뵽Լһ֮ʧȻỻصĺǷ۵ĵطбФƣȻ֪ôΪʲôŻҪ֣
Фû
ճеҲ˼֣ͻȻСҰܵܣ̾ܣǾصĵزˣһӶᱻٸֻͨһ˵νСֺСҰô죬ǲôѵ͸𣿡
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СҰҲһĵͷ
ФҲСһֿգʵǾֻѡڶ·ˡ
ʲô
ФƳƬ̣ȥ


136 ֻغ
ȥ
͵һȵФơ
յФƵȷФźܴĲͬФԴȵŮˣ񾭾ģ׼·ǽյФȴǱ÷ǳ侲ǡ
ФƵͷңһƴôµġ
ФưΣⲻ಻⣬±ǳģҵȻҪΪ˸𡣡
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ФƳǰ棬ѾܵˣûŮ˵Լǰϰߣԣ޹ֻغϡ
ȵս֮ܵܲС㣬ǻİɣһ뵽취ġ
СҰҲͷ
Ф΢΢һСһͻȻܵܵԴЦʱӦŽᣬȥɡ
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ФЦʵ㷽һȭǲΪҴģ
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շŰ۵һ仰˵ȥʱ϶ֻ˵գ̫ˣȻһҲңҲˡء˵ʱͻȻѧФƵֵġ
ģңҲģ㰡
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Ф˰죬ҷô͸ƺΪܹʡȥʲôϵ
յȻйϵҪһȥ֪ͨϷ˰


Ѿ÷һƬ
ݡ
ڻ谵ĺɫУһ÷ķΪһĿ࣬ŨüۣһƥԵüӢ䣬չɡ

÷ڣչһͣĿǰŵǸꡣ
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֪նԴ˷ǳ⣬ΪʱҲеǳȣû취˭Фˣһǰ͵ģӸ̧֡
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ЦǺǵԵġ
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Фأ
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˼ګüŭźգһﲻ
˵ҲҶ
ðΣ˼ګ͵һıϵĲָźŭɶգ̫ʧˡ


137 ǵ
˼ګɲװģҲûбҪںǰװģķǳǳŭΪһֱǳغգʹһƽϣأϸຫգΪܹƸκգҲ˲·ǺյãһȭͽŬ
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ռ˼ګûˣ̧ͷֱ˼ګҵȷʧˣбǸһֱûб䣬Ҿ㿴ң޷죬ҺҵӣҲŻģһ鷳ˣҸûбҪȥµĻԡһˣҸͲֽһ¡һûеųҸӲǳǽѾսûдһȭͲῴңҲûʸûлվ
˼ګ㶣˵ķǳԣũŹʿӵܣƳֱǼδδţһʮ߰ũСе¿ճǼƣϳǽ˵ˣҲǴδģǺգزǺһ
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ŴֻϷվ⣬˼ګæһԷϷ˽£ԼһߣΪĸ׵һˮʵĸ״ˣôأ
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ոϽϷ˽ѵǣѾ֪ˡ
ǳϿңΪ֪ԼСɾϷС
Ը֪ˡϷ˵ͷ˼ګ㿴ղôЩطĲģҲпԭŰҶɹѹأ֮١
˼ګͷҲû˵е˲ţȻôϾǹй壬뽭ʿţϵͷǳΪǸһ⡣


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˼ګ͵ÿؼǷԸһ棬ִˣڸ溫ոصƫ̻ؼҶὫĻЩ˻ⷢӣڳҡ
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˼ګУĸ״ˣǶȥɡ
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ϷֳĬΣΪأ
身ճͷǲУ֮Ӧģ̷ֻܼ
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ʵҪ˵˶صˣҲûУؼ⣬ϷԳ棬Ǹӡ
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һ̣ΪʲôݱΪʲôԼԵô޴룬ܼ򵥣ǾϲǿտҲǿһҵġ
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ȴеһɳɾ͸УΪʱΪ޷һҵģʮֵľЩθУҲһֱӱܣһųһųЩ
ԴƳФơСҰܵܣоѾסˣǺãǻ͵üʼˣô˵ͻȻãʵҲǺѣһΣֻҪȥԣûһĨƨɣ֮ززȫƸФơ
ǰһųһûгĺӣΪδһ˼еصûжκ˸Լ˵ᣬδһӵһ˵ɱ䣬Щ飬㲻ͺѳģ㳤ţ
ҲΪˣհǰ˺ηηβôţΪǰҲһҵģҶν˭ܵţ¾ͷǳϣҲɹԭ֮һ
ڲͬÿô᲻ФǣΪδûֿǹֱӵղԴһƬհףǳ鷳
ʮ壬ܿ͹ȥˡ֮ԭúϢһϾϳǹŵģǺִҪȥΪҪ뿪ˣкܶҪ˼ګҲûǿȥˡ
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۲ϣ㵱Ȼô˵Ѿܴܺίѵۻ׼ҽôдպߵ
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Ф˵ǺˣۿѾ΢΢󣬵ⲻԼҪǿôǰ˵ȥƫҪȥ֪˰ɡҲǿɶ񣬼ȻϷ˶棬˼һ¾ˣΪλҪ˶㣬һдɶûУҶǸеˡ
ҪȥߣҪȥһһôղͷˣˣǾ֪ɣ֪ǰǻҽΪūĻԸȥھǴʮ壬ͽһ꣬ͽ̻˵ţʵȥ

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˼άδҲ̫˰ɡЦҲţֻΪԷƾһΣŮ˶־֢
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˵֮󣬺նŲ豭˵Դҵȥ֮󣬳ɸλչˣҺҲͦѵһʱڣԴһֱĻмϵĲȾƣҾԲƣλһ
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ɷϣǺܶģ˭뷢ƣЩԥϾδ漰ⷽﻹǺ¡
յλ壬Ϊ˻ϣӦòϵ˽ϵʶµȤոһգ긴һѵǲе𣿡
ֵûôܲ̫ĶֻϣܹԱô򵥡
ռ˵ˣǰʹôұĮΪԸǲҪ˽ģҪκ˵ģµʽǱøŽᣬΪҪ˴ˡ
ϪһˮȻټͥǵһǮˣЩǮ˲óһǮȼԼھӣΪʲôΪǱ˴֮ûʲôԣҪ죬ҪҪҪ飬Ҫõḻһ쵽ͶһĶط
ҲµʽǴСС鷳ͬʱҲǴµһĴ٣ǾͶӦԡ
鷳Ѷǻ£ôЩ鷳ѣġ˲̫ϲȥ߱˸ΣϲڵϪصҺܷĲ¸λ壬ȻµʽҲҪԼλǸһɵȻҲԾܾûйϵֻǾȫԳһ¸ӷḻʵ


141 
յһϯ·һδڹսֵ˵С
ʵǶѾ˵꣬˵ǴʱӦûһɳ徢Ǽݣ·¶Ϊ⼸ʮδ㽣һճɣδȡҸ
ȻʱѾȼбʹڵŻһ⣬ֵ˶ΪԳһЩı䣬ҲҪʲôǮڿеĺܣΪʲôȥԡ
һֵ֮˾뿪ˣǻý¸ˣĴΪⲻǼ˵£÷¡
֮󣬾ͻصڣФӭ˫Ŀ촽лҪ˵ȴ˵Фƣܰһæ𣿡
ФƵߵĻȥʲôæ
յдһЩ
ФƿصĺգգգĿɣ
찡﾿ʲôշ˷ۣҪ飬Ҳǰдġ


ʱ
Фƿż߳İײĺ֣˫Ŀ𾪣һ˻Լдָе𾪣ФƿҲûֵز𾪵дݣϸд÷ξӪ齫εȵȣкܶδš
ȻûΪǧ֮
հ̫ڽľӢˣȻδ⣬Ƕò˵ȥɹĿҲܴΪƭĹУҪӦ䣬⡣
ðΣФƲ˳ȵһںȲʵĺգ⡪Щ㡪ģ
յͷ֮ԳϣΪĽ͡
ФƵôܣ
ЦôͲˣΪʲôô˵ֻΪδ͸һ
Ф£ĵǰҴδȥʴ˲ŻԴ˸еȡȻһ˳Ϊڴ֮ǰδҲûиж
ҡҡͷΪҶЩûȤ
ФƵΪҪôأ
룬Ϊ˶ɡ
Фźա
Գһᣬ̾˵Įǳ˶ĸдǵõʱһ´˹ٸ⣬ݰղû̫ķӦǵһǵ˺˶ͻϮݣݰ˷ӦǺ£ǾţǷŭѾȫûݰǸˣйޣʼвްͬԼ˼ҲǵͬҲǴȻǲûһ㡣
ΪʲôΪڵİնɨǰѩǹĵֻԼֻҪӰǵǾͲȥע˼оֻһڷ
ѵԾҿȻǰҲѾ˵ˣΪֿһĶػŵµģÿһֻҪֺԼҵĵأһǰˣǲҪκˣֻҪİæԸʽԱĮ飬κ¶Įģܶù죬췢ŭʱһǸֿܵģֻ־ɳǣɵʱϪطʱصİն׷׾ԮôʹٸνΪҲᷢȱ硣
֮ôһҲǵ÷ᷢϪһı磬ϣ÷Ĵܹ߳÷壬ܹһ໥໥໥ģе츳ױȵԣǿô֮أ
ФźճͻȻ૵Ҳȥһѡ񡣡
һʱû壬˵ʲô
ŶûʲôФ㲻ڣа÷Ĵܹе
ҡҡͷҴδϣǰͰ˵ȥⱾҪԼȥȥܶǻССѣÿһѣǰһʵֻҪԸΪŬҾͷǳˡ
˵ҲЩ
Фһֵֻ̾ϧϾҪ뿪ˣܴһͬŬһ°빦
ҡҡͷ̫ˣҲʡ
ФƲΪʲô
տЦΪҾͲôһˣ⵹ĲС
ֻԼΪˣǰҲ˵ˣ㲻ȥ֪ˡФƲΪȻ
˼
Фʵкʵѡ𣿡
š
˭
ҡ


Цıڡ
աСҰܵܣЦɣľơΧһŶƴյţϰڷʮˡ
ԭɣľǴطɣģٸѾʾ׷ǵΣȻֻ˽Э飬ô˵ѾȫˣֻҪҵ˷־ˣǱҲٻɣˡ
Ͼߴˮʹķɣ̫ˣȣǻڴƣЦͽӽס
գǲ˼ôòңǲǸңͿˡ
ЦһգǴɧǽƽһ֪Ǻյıƺûнϣջ
Ļҿɴδһֱֵܡ
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ЦһѾ
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Цȥʲô
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ô죿
š
Цһǳʧ䣬Ĭ
Цļ򣬵ЦǸʲôȻʶʱղҲһͬƭˣһͬϹ¥ȥ㶼ҵֵܣһԶı䡣
Цۺգģ
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ҹӣͷУͽҺհɡһֵ
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Ϊ³ͻȻơһʱû׼£漴ͷ㲻߰ǰ󡣡ǱʹҪȥġ
һۣԵЩԥԸǲϲôߣΪߵԽ࣬ξԽ󡣵תһ룬ҪȥôԶĵط·ѣԼǰԶŶɻģɣľⷽŷǳľ飬ϾǿƣҲǿ˶Ѿˡ
ȻҪĻǳˣ˼ǰ󣬺յͷУԸĻһȥɡ
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ЦͻȻһм䣬ˬǶˣô죿ɲС
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԰
ЦһĴȣ̾Ƶ˵ףɾˣȥ¥ô򵥡
ЦǵȻѲЦġ˶ǰܼӣʵ㶼ǰǮΪ棬Ҳڱ˿޴ҾķǳȷЩǿϺֹ򱶣ǴҪľˣҺնӵֵܸеʮֵԺǣˣͱӵиǮ֪㲻ϲΪȷкܶ๴Ķ֮£ⲻҪԵڰˣΪԼŬ
Цɵźգƺźջ˵ôĻ˵գ⻰ǲǴ͵ġ
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ⲻˡ
ȣǲ̫Զˣҿѹû츳
ֻûԹһеģΪһǳ뷨ˣע㽫ȡǰδеĳɹ
ЦŻƤ񣬵գôˣһֱڿңϰ˷ңôһ䣬ҵͦӦģ㲻ǡ
յʲô
Цµ㲻ϲ˰ɡ
һ㶣漴ЦһȥӲûá
Ц˴ԼֱۣǾͺãǾͺá
һ˼ǹڳǰˡкΣⲻ֪ͷôһˣЦҲûôնپ⣬ϽЦ㲻Ϊ˵ģھ͸һƵĻᡣ
ЦһƵĻ᣿
մӻͳһײϣɫصǱıдһ䣬ȡΪ䣬ֻҪѧⱦ֪ʶľͲ˵ˣǣؽơ
䣿
Цһȵ㻹д䣿
Цкѡ
ҿɲš
ЦϽ򿪱һ̧ͷһͰ˸ģ˹Թգ㡪˰ɣҾŴԹ
ƺ׼һ̵ǰЦ֮󣬲ƫͷȥ˵ԹԹ㣬ҪΪԼܶͱһЩãΪ˵ľ޵ģһ仰ֻһеñʧͿôȥȡᡣ
ЦջҲӦдѽղŶˡ
պǺǵ֮ȻдһЩȻộ㲻ÿȥһ׵ġ


142 ϣ
˹Թ
仰ɲФдģǺպȥģʵһֱ仰ǳЦģ䣬һ书εµһôøκ˶ҪŬҲүүҲ֪õµһҪŬɴԹܹ˰ɡ
ͬģФݼƻ飬ǳʱģڵµİգҪдģǷǳѣرһǺѿȥģʴ˺ոɴ仰ЦԼ÷İա
ְҴ÷İ
ЦȻû⣬һл˵㣬Ǻ֪һӦģΪ绹һȽˣûдЦ˫ȾͲѿЦЩǮȥԺ֣Ʋ
̸󣬼ѵĴүǵȻȥƴ̵Ⱦƣ˾͵Ⱦơ
Ǻܿ죬ЦͰԼſˣ鲻õ仰ûдҪߣЦȻĵǸΪصԸԼ˼άٽ֪ѣΨķǳϧһ飬뵽ϾҪ뿪ˣȻʮģû¾ͰԼŪˡ
ſ֮󣬺յҲûٺˣʵǲûкȶ٣Ͼľƣ˭ҲǺϲ˽Ц̧ϣɣľչ˺ЦԼʱ֮󣬺վʹܵܡСҰˡ
һţպǼһǼ⣬̧ͷһܵϲĻ磬쿴ѩˡ
ǰѩˡ
һţһЦǺʵС֣ϲѩô
ܵܵͷǰÿѩʱҵﶼǰѩˣҵҴѩ̡
ðɣˡ
ЦЦ֪ܵݽʱˡ
Ȼܵ˵ûûˣҩĸѩ̵Ȥ¡
ҪǱ˵չƻܲͷƺϰˣҲĸȤż΢Ц
СҰأһ÷ǳԣϲܵܲ䷳˵ţĽ֮ɫҲ̫Сˣ޷Լ븸ĸһһ󣬶ܵܵĹһĶʵĸĸһֱԺ
˵СҲܹ˵ģӳһֱ˵⣬Ÿһ䡣
սˮ˹ȥ˰ɡ
ܵܺٺЦŵͷӹˮ๾˴ˮͻȻֹǰĿϱߣ磬ôˣ
ճƬ̣ȥһط


ɽһ÷ӽŨŨСðΪһ壬ϵһ
СҰʲô
֪
ܵܺСҰһʯͷϣվںӱϵĺա
ս㣬ںӱߵʯ䣬ֽһֻڶ컹Żʢ÷ڰߣȻֱҲûҵ˶ʬ壬ǺΪ£˶ǱɣҵµҲδܹҵ˶ʬ塣
˼ګҲѾų˶ѾˣûȥѰˣΪЩҲûа˶Ϣ
Ȼʱվŵĵطǳ˶浱ҹӵĵطȻʱڵҹֵǣεôʵһ㡣
ĺƤ˵˵ĴԻһЩϢĳЩ£ЩϢŻᱩ¶Ҳ˵յʱ˫Ѿ¼ϢֻΪйٵ⣬ЩϢˣȴС
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һЦҲʮΨһջɣϾΪһЦϧϷֻǰʮˡ
ҲҲӦȥı䣬ΪԼҲãΪҲãҾ÷ǳбҪȥıһЩû˿ֹϪصѻٶȷֹܹһ˶ĳ֡
һ˵˺ֻܶܶ࣬ˣź棬һҺ֮䣬ֻ˵ŪˣǲôǶӦóΪˡˣҪˣҲ㲢ϣִˣԴҸеǸ
תܵܺСҰ߰ɡ
Ŷ
Сһ̴ʯͷӦ˵һһ
˳÷ӵķ뿪ˡ
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Ϊǵһ
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Ϊ˼뿪С¥һ
ɣ
Ϊ÷÷Ĵһ
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ֻһڲϣٱʹϾҪ뿪ˣܵΪԼٰһɣСڳ˴죬Ū˴ˣ׼ҹһݡ
һ֮ФƼܱܵˣС֣ٺһ㣬ã̫СˣȻˡ
ܵܵҽѾúĴˡ
Фһ壬һȻô죿
յô׺Ȼ壬㿴СҰܺõô㣬˼˵ˣϻز֪˭Ĳʡ¡
Фƺߵ˵ϻҷǸӣȻƾľҲң治֪š
ⲻҵĻôǵҵĻòֵФһֵۣ㲻ǰɣǽٺȹ
Ⱦͺȣ㲻ɡФƺòη˵
ܷܵǳԾǵơ
տܵܵ˵С֣ǳ뿴ְɡ
ܵҡͷҿûȻҲҵƵġ
ФЦСԽԽˣԵˣƾͽҺ㺫ˡ
СҰأܵܲѡ
㿴СҰôݣȻԲѽҪܹһͺˡФ
ܵҲǣСҰСҰҪҵָܹһЩͺˡ
СҰöˣǶǷǳ⣬ҿɶǼ⣬ҪķⶼˣһôϷȥ
ձҲŪÿЦãˣˣ˲ɣһȣ˭
һҡ
ܵһƵ˵
ЦˣȾƣȾơ
̧֣ܵɡ
һһϣǰѾԻʵϣǰнϾܵҲ֪У͵͵ٺһ㣬һԲˣأԼֲãſˡСҰûܵϸ˼һһʦ̵ģûа취Ȼ̫ССãҲſˡ
ʣµľǺպФˣԽӷŵһߣôɴֱ࣬ӣˡ
һմԴֵˣ˵һ죬˫Ŀһ͹
ФһģָҪȥ£ɱŪӡ
ĵĳ⣬ðΣŻ΢΢ҡͷԵˣˣҺȲˡ
ФߵӣҸƴƣ˵ϻǸˡ
УУҷ˻ô˯ᡣ˵ž͵ڿİ˯žͰһֱӣͷڿá
δ䣬Ϳʼˡ
ФһӣһǣĿʡµļһһɨͻȻһ


143 £
ФƲһͻݵŮˣû츳ƺǳһͻݵŮˣҸжҲһֱڽ
ŻһƬǽĿѾɨĸɸɾ˵һȾְСҰܵܽл˯ΪȵҲ࣬һ͸ˣȻȥҪФǰǿţǻֱͷȥײ
ûнѺǣǴóĸϣȻһȦḧЩŵĻļҾߡ
¥ʱѾһܴ󣬵治ʲôƱһѾ٣ᲽǰںߣĿעŻ˯ĺգƬ̣Ѿ滨ꡣ
˵˵һлºܶᣬģҲֻһΡ
ðΣФͻȻվĨȥϵۣǰὫŴͣһ£ջżûлͷ˫Ὣźϡ
ᣡֻǷ
ǺȴͻȻֱ̣ۣǣƬ̣ٶٿȻЬ඼˲ô嵽ǰŴڵǻ谵⣬ѩһٻӰںФơ
ʵŴ򿪵˲䣬ФѾعԴ㵵źա
Σŵֻ㣬ҵľû㣬̫ˣС·ǳΣգûбҪϳš
Фƴ㶰ΣͻȻһЦɽϵѩţ޶ˡ


ȥһȲ裬¥ϣҿ˿ԼǹŵģФƵķȴŵģƿФƵķţֻФ̨ϣѩҹ
ոһ裬ָԼһ裬ȻФƶ׼ϡ
ФһȲ裬ůů֣ǳһڣۺգղһֱװ
Цѧģ֪ѧô
һ㡣
ФһЦһ˿ʵΪʲô㲻װȥ
ճƬ̣ѩǴ죬Ҿô˿̳治һܺõѡ񡣡
ФƵҲ˵һ֪һˣ
ҡҡͷֻԤУϾҲɵǷ뿪Ҳȷ
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Фһ̾˵ĺܶԣʵˣҲ˵Ϊ֪񣬸Ͳܸıʲôֻͽա
ЦǲǿԽ⻰İ
⡣Фҡҡͷֵ㱾ͷǳԼӦҲ
շ˷۵ҪҪôֱӡ
ФƾֻǱ˵ڰ㡣
ðɣ
ʼ磬ʵѵһæﲻ𣿡
Ф̾˿ʵҪ˵ˣԼҲ޷ȻҲӲ㡣
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Фһڻ֪һʲôһȥ˵Ѿת
յͷ㡪㻹𣿡
Фһ㶣ǵǳɻ鲻ãҪɨسţΪҴ˷뿪ӦĵǸˡ
տЦ벻㻹ǵá
⻻κһŮˣһġ
Ҳǡ
յͷԥƬ̣ʵ£ҵȷ÷ǳˣҲȷʵԲ㣬ҶԴҲеǳΡ
ФһŹֵźա
յôҸʲô
ФһȵҵǸ
ֲûе
Ƕұģҿûб㡣

룬ǵġ
Фƺɵҿ㶨Ĳ졣
ĺФһҲǸǸ˵Ĳ죬Һôԡ
Фʵң᲻룿
㶣ͷðɣһᡣһʵ˵һǸ
ФƿЦʵǸ񣬲ҪҲǽƽϵˣҪ﾿ôģƺԼҲ֪ôģһֱìܵУ˵Ļ£Ǳۡ
㶣漴ԳЦ˵ĺܶԣҺһֱڸԼȥһλò绨ӣȴɶ˯һ־Ƶİϡ
ФƿЦںڣҲѾˡ
Ҳڡ
ҡͷȻΪܴǶˣƺΪǵķʽ
Ф£ͷ˵Ĳ㣬ʵҲкܶûŪףʱΪ֣ججһҲͦģһ÷壬һжıˡ
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ФһӺƬ̣Цȥȥ޹أңǰͲװˡ
ճɵҵȷҲ֪ò㣬һϣܹһФƣŶФֶǼٵģһַǳģϾ˶֪᲻ε·ߡ
ˡФƸ˺һǰۣҲûеô֮Ҵҡ
յôôε·ߡ
ֻһһ⡣ФƺֵͲͬˣûʵŻᰤˡ
պߵ㻹˼˵Ϊ˱ǣȻƾҵᰤӣҵ˽ֻǱɽһǰ
ФЦУȥٸҿ
ҡ
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ФƼĿģضزס΢΢һЦģҴȥڻΣա
ϲô
ФЦŵͷͱˣǶԼɣɱſңּ壬һԼΪأΪ˼棬κ˶ǿģǿסģһлÿԼ
֪
Фʵкδû
ҡҡͷ˳ȻɡݣӲҪȥȡһЩʲôڳ˵ΣˣҲץסġ
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ѩ˷ܵ˵ɣҵ˵üˡ
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ʱոռλȫһƬʱңδͷڸʮֿ飬ûͻʴ
ʲɱԴŷμˮϸԻָˣΪԨʱ򣬾ѾͻҵõͻʵİæʱѺùϵʷʵأԨͻʳƳ
ͻ£ȷб˵ɡ
Ȼֻ΢ѹһԮһԱ󽫣ƾ£ľԵЩ㣬Լһ³ʱ֮ƣ͸ҲǮģҸɴ͸㡣
Ǯһ֣ͻڲͲ̫ˣǱǮģǮѾ֣ǻʲôһһ£αˣԵʱ͸ǩμˮ֮ˣȻǱȽϲƽģɹԼΪܣԳμˮ֮衣
Ҳк̫ܶˣһ۵㡣
ǺյĹ˼άȴΪִӢһ
͵ΪֹǵȷֵڸǴӽϿμˮ֮ԺƳȹȨͼΣ˥תʢ˺֮ΣһʢľͲ˵ˣٰˣƳŻͻʶĹϵͻܴѩ֣֮ƳӶͻʣȶ˱һ
վͷǳСҰʦǾ仰ȻûмСҰʦǴʦֻƬҲԿһˣ̫ܻѡף϶ѡսʱ踺أΪһսӮ˵ãһˣ±ңֽˮУ˭ʰо֡
䲻һ̣ǵȻܲá
Իʵۻǲԣƾһ֮ö񣬲²ǲԵġ
ӵܣǰǽҲû飬ûʸȥøֻ֪࣬뱥Ȼ̫ڡ
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վڱ֮ϣѩ˵μˮ֮˵Ĺ£˫Ŀ΢ϣԸоʱһǧһգտɱݱսŶˣݱսˣҲǶһݣʱԶһսˣƳֱ
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ʱ˳ţΪˣ볤ҪǼǵģйǾͷˡ
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˵գȥȥһǰվһΣǰֵܼңȵѾˡ
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ѩˣҲ̫ȷٲ
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ѩε̫СˣôˣѲɻᶪô
ٲЦЦûǷɹˣգЦǺհɡ
չֵºա
ٲֵǹ۹ϵĹܼңҲٲɡ
ϾǹϵĹܼңȻԺյ
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ٲЦŵͷߣǻȥ˵үڸϵˡ
ٲѩͺվȥ
۶ǵ۶ǷƾֵͱݵĽֵˣߵľǸŴլҶϵĹŵм̡
ΪרŹ⣬ڽֵϰ̯ġ
ʱʱͿ洦ɼһЩŻȺ·ϸǳˮ˴ҴҶθ죬ɫ죬𷢱۵ʿһЩڵˣղûΪǺˣһʣ֪ЩūϺǱߵģҲǺǵȵء
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ղɵøпһ䣬ʢڳ
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ŴլӿǺнģĹپסլӡ
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Ҳˣү˼ѵʵĶӣʵĳ磬Ϯ۹ľλҲһ֧ļ
լڣյĵһоǴӣȻļֻ˼ѵĵλѣһռǺˣҲûкеǰ
йǰԺֻŶˣһһŮʿеԼĪʮңüĿ򥻢Ŀ࣬ŮҲʮ꣬ׯţһǴӴ˼ҳŮˡ
ѩԶԶô˶ˣɫϲ֮ɫСǰй֮ѩĸ
ڳ֮ѩδ˼ѵ˼ѵһ֮ҵй֮񣬺վͲҪ
׼ʱ˼ѵͻȻһıϵĲ輸ѵѩһ̫ˡ
˵һͦҿ񰡣յߵĻָ˻ȥϹһ˿ɱʱ˵ҹմѩĻҾͿ԰ƲһɶȻѾöԲˣ֮λ޴ǡ
ѵǣѩѾ֪ˡ
ˣѩаֵĻ⡣
˼ѵߵ֪ھ͸һݡ
ѩҡͷɲУѩδòһˣܲТߡ
˼ѵ㲻ԾТТǺε
ѩڵ߾Тģǵϡҳš
˼ѵ΢΢£ŶϡҾͻϡˡ
ѩϡĸһϡģĸСʹ缺һֱǵõġ˵λˡ
λѩС㣬֪ʹػս˿
˰һۣ֮ɫѾͷһҲûб䣬Ҳ˵ϡҪô죬ɡ


148 Ȯ
ԭ˼ѵķԪֻöӣһǧЩҲǧ𣬵һֱûԸѩСʱͻÿɰԪϷǳϲŮޣߣûѩƺҲûб٣Ȼ
˵ˣ˼ѵҲ΢˼֡
ллĸ
ѩæվ͵͵źգգۣе֮ɫ
С㣬ʱͱսˡȫûп
Ԫϵûע⵽ЦҲ˵̫磬㣬ΪʲôҪӻ飬Թд󵱻飬Ů󵱼ޣѲ㻹ȥá
ѩÿԲ޸ұȥá
˵˵
˼ѵȵ
ԪԴɷʾȲҪѩѩڿ˵޸ΪΣҿ˵Ҳ÷
Сʶ÷Ǳˡѩ˱죬ֵĸѩ㣬ϲô
Ԫϱʵһ㶣һ죬Ѿͷ˵ô
ѩĸ˵ҲóĸԶϲĽ
Ԫͷ۵ǷޣȻྴమ
ǲˡѩҲϲΪޣĸһྴమʱ˵ڼҴ󳳴֣ѩʵҪֻ̫࣬һĸһķҲĸһңұ֪ˡ
ƿƵƨûЦ
ԪҲǣҲǣΣһѾͷһ䰮һϲ治֪ߡ
˵͵͵˼ѵǰ⣬˼ѵһ֮󣬸һС̸ЩԵЩ˼ҽӻˡ
ѩֻǺĽͶĸ
㡪
Ԫϻ治˵ȥˣڰֵˣˣͱƨˣҲˣס°ɡ
ѩʹŶĸˡ
ѩһЦֵĸЩһѩ˰ɣҰ󡣡
˵ҲԪϷӦĻᣬ첽Ԫ
Уĸ֪һТģյҲ۵ģͲҪˡ
ۣۣһ·ģһҲۡ
ԪҲ˵ˣȴжһֱôһŮûԼ죬Լʲôġ
˼ѵﲻ֪ӵ˼ѩֲܹеźҲѩĿͻȻһվŵĺգǺա
СӺռ۹
Ҿһֵ۹ˡ
˼ѵŶһŵҼҲʱôأ
յСݴ´ҵʷȣٸСһθĹµĻᣬС;СӱʵΥʷ֮⣬۹𷣡
˼ѵ¶ɫȻ֪ôףΪλҪô˵ҲΪ˴´ġ
ѩæǰȰһȥģԼϻأһ·ΣգҽͬС
С㣬һ¡˿⻰˼ҲǹմѩֻΣգͬУǻ˵Ϊ˼ѵΪǹ˵жΣʱӦϴ
˼ѵб۵ѩһۣʾҪ죬ѩ࣬ԹԵĸԪ
˼ѵ֮ǰ£Ҳ˵ˣҲˣ㶼Ѿˣúס°ɡ
׵ɹ۹СǸм
һˡ
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ź׵ǣסˡ
˼ѵüʵȥأ
ŶԼֵȥϰˡ
˵
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Ԫƺûзһ㣬ɶ˽㡣
ѩЦСɣ㻹ʶô
˼ѵСӣɺơ
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˵Ƕ½ţʮź
СӽŲŶã˵ôѻձϾҲǰѧרңһ۾Ϳɺ˵ѡ
ѩûпҲɱ˫ۣжô
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СҲһֵ˵͸ƨƵãûһģҵļѵȥˡ΢΢ЦЦ
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ѩһ¼ң֪˼ѵʶˣʵĸ˵˭
˼ѵͱʣˣ;Զһ㣬Ҫȥ֪ô
΢΢һФ˵ĹȻûǲԻ
ⲻҼûа취չˣǻ͵ġ
Ŷѩ֪ˡ
ѩͷз˸źĿ⡣
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ɺƵͷǣ֪ˡ
ɺƴѩյ˾ͳˡ
ЩСͳźԪϾ͵ѩ⺢ϲ
˼ѵǾѩھǡ
ԪϵУǱ߿϶Ӧġ
˼ѵѩϲصģȻǺãѩԲϲΪʲôҪޣؼҲһСʿ壬ھǸѩɫһɾ񲻸á
Ԫǵ⵹ǵģֽΪ٣뽭ʿ屾Ͳϣװɡ
⵹Ҳǡ˼ѵͷֵдŸĸ״ˣ˵ѩסһӣĸ״˴ӦǾ֤Ż»лתأĸ״˲ӦĻҲֻܽѩͻȥ
á
ԪϵͷʵպСأΰ
˼ѵܵϿȷʵй֮ҷҲǳ壬ǣֻΣһ˵ƷвҪģٿɣƷϼѣұȥúһƷвãǾͿԼ컯ˣжĸ״ˣֻҪǳʲô鷳סöС


149 Ǯ
ɲһĴ󣬱ϾϮĸۡɺƴѩڶʯ̳ɵСϣﻨ㣬ȻӣǾɫˡ
С磬󰡣
̧ܵԴ̾иж
ɺƵС֣Ҽһ治ȥҿǲŽдҼһҵһˡ
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ѩͻȻʲôƵأˣСɣǰ˵Ǹ¼ҵôˣ
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ʶ£֪ûйϵ
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յˣ
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ҾˡЦŵͷΪ⡣
ѩͻȻ̼ң¬ӣ
ɺƵͷ
ܵܺ¬ôˣ
ѩ¬ǴƵĿѫλ̸ʮš
ճ̵ģϣҵʶһ֪ǲǣյ˵ǳҧ𡣡
ɺƵգôֱ¬ĴǲеģҪҵˣǵ㲻
æǸǸҲǹġȴһ亹̫˰ɣиʷˣܽ׼
ѩ¬ûȥǸô
ɺҡͷûУ˵¬֪֮ڼҴûȥ¸ˣǰѳֵָ̼һ١
ΪΣ
ܾܵ
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ɣҧȻһ˰ҲΪҧ϶ȥҶ¼ҵ鷳Ͼǵѽ̫ˣ֪ôһв뵽ؼңаһЦ̫ˣѹһݰ
ѩ룬ҡͷҲͦԵģôҲӦð˵ϴ򰡣
ɺҡҡͷ¸ԣֻСһǴСܴ򵽴ġ
˵˵ţһСԺڣСԺ󣬶ұȽƫƧǷǳ徲նԴ˷ǳ⣬ɲž͸˼ѵ棬ѵĴкѩȻסȻǸԪסںԺ档
ܿҶֺ÷ˣɣľ˯ݣһ˯СݣܵܡСҰ˯ݡ
Ȼһʰ÷һǺգΪֻǰѶ£ʰʲôģûϰߡ
գʰأ
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ЦʲôĶֳɵģҪôȥʰ
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ͿйŹˣʲô£
ѩܲܽһЩǮ

ոеǳľȣңõܾϣҽǮ̫˰ɡ
ѩæ͵ģСһѺùǮ̫ҶֹܵıȽϣǰòһѹԲȥҶҪǮ͵ģһ㡣
һƳɺƣĿ˸ţ֪Сӿ϶˵ѣλС㣬̫ű˰Цô˵ɾͼˣ۹ǣимѣҺҲ֪֪ͼֻҪܼһæ
ɺ˷ܵգҾ֪һˬ֮ˡ
лٹӿ佱ЦŵͷֵҪǮ
ɺһתʮᡣ
ʮ᣿
üͷһ塣
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ʮ಻࣬ÿ˭һԣɶǺܶˣͨվ͸Ӳ˵ˣֱһʾ޿ձһǮˣǶڹԣҲһɡ
ҡͷҾ̫ˣʮʲôù

ֵɺƷˡ
ѩæСɻѧϰҲ̫õĹˡ
С㣬㻹ǶǮûаʮһѹİЦҲô˵ôٹҲǹ۹Ķӣɲܶ档
ɺһһ㶵˼ǣ
յɣҸһȥǴǮûиõĹһԵλ㵽ʱ鷳
ѩ˼ĵͷ֮
һȥ
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Ц𣿡
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հڰֵû£һ㲻ۣʵҲȥ䣬·Ͽ˵ˣ⾩вٺĶ
ѩϲҲãҲҪȥ
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Цٹ˵Ȼ극ǳȥ䡣
ܵôϲðⳤкܶóԵģٹȥԺóԵĺò
㻹ȥԺóԵģС֣ˡհֹһ䣬ֳɺƵٹӣ㿴Ҷͬ⣬Ǿô˰ɣȻôǮҲѵñ
⡪
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ѩСɣôأ
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Сƭ˵㵨ҷЦˣʵǮν͵̷ˣֻܺӵôɬ룬Ҳ顣
һȥóԷϾҲʲôͣòŴϯԪϾ׼һЩѩСʱϲļҳˣϯҲѩں˼ѵԪģ޷̵ôһЩҳǻ˵˼仰
극ɺƾ͸ĸ˵Ҫѩǳȥ䡣
ԪȴѩҲȥϾŮӣҿҲԼӲ̫ףǾɺƴǳȥ䣬ֻĿͺǳţɲһֵĴС㣬Ƕô⺫һȥ棬ϿɻӻѹҪԪϣʴֻܹԹ
ȴ羵ֱõܸˣʵʱͿˣɺ֮ڷϾȲ˵£ΪֹѩţϵԪϿ϶Լѩŵġ
ԭȻԲˣһ˳ţѩɺƵý㣬Ҫѩ֪õƭǻ˵ã취֧ѩںǵĻ˵ݲ󣬺ջңͺ˵ˣɺ̴ǽһ찡
Ҳûж˵һ䣬ɣľǴǮ͸ɺƾͳˡ
ΪͣҲƥ֪Уװ׵ѩأ￪ʼˣλٹǿס̫躮ˡ
ɺһţ͵գ벻ôˣΪ˱ýĶϳǽѾƴ
΢΢Ц֪ͼ㲻ʲô
ɲô˵ɴ˿ɼ㻹һͦˡ
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δҲ̫˰ɣҺʶһգҲûиоʲôһʡյճ΢Ҹٹӡ
ô˵ҿɾͲġɺư۵Ұ˽ѣǱɺƵѡ
ЦЦûˡ
ɺ͵͵ۺգǺٺһЦգм˵ˣɱҰ˽㣬ŶҸĸ
յð
ɺڨڨЦʵʵҽǮ򹭣á
չ򹭣
ɺεĵ˵ͷ
պǮΪʲô
ɺź׵ȥȥġ

΢΢üȻ֪һ࣬ǺһֶĲ淨ѾʧˣΪǧˣ϶ģԭҪȥǮ


150 
ǧû㵽ɺƾȻǽǮȥĲΪЩӵÿ϶ʲô黭ߴ֮ģ֪ûɶ
ҲͿԽ͵ͨˣɺǰ漱ܻˣؼŪǮȥģǡѩΪѩ϶˲Ǯ֪ѩϰǮûС
ѩĵǮûʲôòõܣõʧǾʺսǮ
ѩȥǮ񫻹ǹֵģһ̾Ĳԣֻĥʱģܾû˼ѵĻ£ȥǮˡ
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⻹ǶģʲôǶģǷˣЦٹ˵ǣʵҶҲͦȤģøٹȥʶʶ
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Ц٣ҵġ
գӹûп㣬ˬ죬ӮǾһһ롣Уھɶ£ұǡ
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Ͳˣ·ϣѩ˼ѵļҽ̿Ƿǳϵģ涼ѵģɺôҲǼҽ̷ǳµĲﰡ
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Ǯ̸ˣɺǰˣ·ģҿСһ·ϵõ˶ҧܸǵĽŲ
˰ʱɺƴź˳ĶУļأڱĶȥУһĽֵǲ׼ģҪŪ洦ţǾͲǳǹˣֱӾͰץȥɴ˿ɼƳȻ̣ҵģ̫Сˣ˵̫ˡ
Ȼѩ죬أС̷ʹߺȣַǷܵܡСҰֵ̱ĳסˡ
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ھоǰ濴ǶôķôɣվŵһӣҪ׶ˣССԺģߵҲͶ¥Ψһģȥ붼Ǹ廧ͨûɶżÿüӰȻͷ첽ߣȻֻʮԶ
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հһڨڨһЩƤëɲҸȡ
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161 ֮
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ֵķǳǫǳͣǳƣڱҪƽ׽һЩϾһլУԻǱȽ䵭֣бȽϿʣȫûмӡ
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Ӳʮòյ㾭Կô
ҡҵȻᣬɺƵֶûƹô˸Ҹɼܣⲻôɺҡͷ
ѾɴմˡЦǣǡ
˵˵ţƲ˾ˣٹӷˣʦҵ
һɺƵţƤԽԽ󣬸ͣվ͵ͯ£һ߳Цŵͷô䣬СҰȴüʱ˼䣬͸ɺƵ棬ԽԽףͲûдӲڽˡ
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С֣ôͻأ
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ܵҡҡͷûдңԼСˤˮȥġ
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գգۣɵޡУΪϻ˽Уɺ˵ǳ֮һ̫ӵҲҿ϶
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մޣӨӨ㡪˵ӨӨ
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üٹʶ
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167 
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Уôɰɣ
նʱȻ
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СҰȴһҲ£ܼС֡СûкӨӨӨӨŴ󡪡úͶãôԡ۸С֣桪д
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ܵܵᣬû˵
̾˿˵ЩѾҪˡ
⵹ҲǡɺƵͷС֣Ȱ㻹ǱȥҴӨӨˣ޴ܷŹһأѾĪˣҪǰѴ޴ǻˣҵ㡣
Ŷ֪ˡ
ܱܵ˱죬ͷȥúͶϴϴ˵ţ͵ͷֻȥ
СҰŭɺƵ˭˭ϡϡ㡪æˡ
ЩӵĶѾǺܽˣرżŻ͵Ҫ֪СֵĸҪȸյĸ黹ҪһЩСֱ۸ˣ뵱ŭ˵꣬ͽС߽ȥ
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ɺƣȻûĬĬͷǷһˣٹӣԲСҰ˵ֱֱȥġ
ɺҡҡͷûϵֻİﲻæ˵ֲһ䣬Ҳû˰æ
յ˵ͷס
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û˵һ֪ˣٹӣܰŪЩô
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ӴϣһǳԺյļ塣
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ܵܲһСգλ˵ˣؼСʿҲԼŮ˺һЩ
·ѩ͸˵Щϵʿ壬ǷǳǳעŵڻģǴ޼ҡҡ¬Ҷ໥ͨ飬ͨ顣
׵ĺܣȻСŮǴ޼ҵˣܵûϣˣѣҲǲܵģԴ˺ΪΪıʵ۶ܸı䣬οֻ˵Ū˰ɡ
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صڣֻܵһ߲ᣬһڰúͶϴ衣
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ܵȻЦŸյлģ˭ܹѹ
һ˵ͣܵܣһֱƲһֱڷŴúͶãÿ˵ЦŻشⷴúиӲܣİﲻκæ
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168 
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һ˼ѵ˼ѵĻǾ£Ͼ˼ѵҼⷴԽԽԺղϣǣ˼ѵ˼ѵҲһԸæ
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ڶ˾鲻һǿԿ϶ģ϶ȻնԴ˲˽⣬ⲻҪҪǣΪӦû顣
ռ򵥵ĽʼĩСҰҲԲ䣬֮¸֪
ԭܴܵȥ޼ңʵ˺һ˵ǳͬ飬ƤĲŴӨӨû뵽Щȥ
ֻӨӨС˵ûѣƽʱڼͦµģʶСһѡ
С־;ԼкաСҰѣͦ˵ģӨӨһѶûУͦġ
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169 ţƺ
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ļһѪ壬ǴֵĺˣʱѪͳʵҲǺΪȣǲ¤ϣһɽʿΪǲǡ
ɽʿ忴ǰҲһǻ㲻ô壬ûɶ̣㵱˻ʵۣѪͳǱģҲͨ飬˵ǿ񣬶һûҶ֪
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Цˣ˵Щˣ͵Ϊֹɡ潫Ϊϵǣʷϵһ磬һ־ͽɫ


176 
棬Ҫ߼ˣҪôףҪôţ׻Ҫ֪ƳһˣҪװţװĹƳ
Ȼǳ˵Σףվû¹˭
־Ϳɼһߡ
ɫһǳǳѪֻ֣ǶںԣڣֻǼģΪڰ黹ǷǳģģֻŵԣνԡֺճԵ÷ǳˡ
Ȼںƻᱻ
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ǵӾ硢Ӱǻ磬붼鹹ģһǶ˵ƭ˵ģΪʲô˵ϷǷӣϷɵӣԭ
ƭͬҲƭͬҲҪ籾ģһֱԱԵݣȻһŶӰıߣǺӹǴݡ
ҺĶǳȰ١ͻᣬΪƭ˵ʱҪõ
˵̨֮ȥˣ߳ˣ̧һ޴ľ̨ܷ۵λãľһײڵһŵһӵܼײдż֣ɫһأ˾紿鹹ͬʵɺϡ
ܺ⣬Ʋһйϵ
ͬʱ첼ſӳһеģС̯λУȻⶼǼٵģһ۾ܿóͬʱҲ׿һС
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Ϊ⼸׵ĴڣԴҺܿעǸСӣŻȹССһǰֻˣֻѩѩ׵ģǴúͶãҲ͵ˡɫ⡣
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ԭζһֻ͵͵ã˼̯λİӶùˣǲѾװˣѾ˳ÿǷЦ
λС磬Ҫӣʮӡ
ӵСһ㵵ζ
̨Ц
ζƺ͵طӦһӶѵԼˣһʱûע⣬ȫɢȥԲ𣬶ԲҡҡһʱԵ÷ǳȣæҵġ
̨¸ǹЦ
û취ͷûϲ磬ЦȽϵͣЩᶼЦˡ
ζͰЩӶΪȫˣһѰվڰ̯ǰҪ໬ж໬
ʱһĿЦ
ζתͷһֻСֱЦԼɵҲɵЦ
̨µĹҲЦˡ
ĶԻܵӨӨʱһģһҲ࣬ݵС޾ζݵſǽܷɡ
̨µĺùǵЦЦֱҡͷ˵ζõݼ治զأϾҲδӴ⻰磬ϰһ£ɱҪѶˣΪҪһˣǴδӴ
Ǻû뵽ڻôӣŪһͨЦȥЩھЦҪŪЦȥЩ˻᲻Ц˹ȥ
ζǵݼȷǳɬٳЩҲǵһؿ⻰磬ԿҲǽζνǡŵԡҶڳɳ
С磬㷽ô˵Щס
֪ʱںԡ
תͷһЦʵﲻأ
ȻǷ¥뻨¥ĶԹҲʲôˣҲǰнϾĿŵ軨¥¥һݵģʱһµģҿ涨л¥ˣǲŸոտţӦ͵һЩǡ
ģܶʱǰнϾ̨ΪĻͻ˫أ滹ãֱ˺ˣôûлˡ
Щʱ߶붷ˣϹȥֻܼȥ˲ҪʱǾƲ˺ģΪԲģҲԲģԲģ˵ʱһкĿԡ
ģǸǣҲġҡҡͷ
ɻҶԲ˽⣬ô˵ġ
ǣҲ˵Ķԡ
յͷһתֵ㲻Ҫǣֻ˳ģĿǴ޼ңǲĻҸͲȻҲʵǵλݶҪ߳һأȻˣβɽۻ񣬵ʱ侮ʯ
ʵҸղŻˣϾ¥ĹҲףȻĻҷǵðѻ¥˵˿ȫ֪ô˵嶼鷳ģһġ
ҲеΪĻֻ֣䣬Ǵ޼Ļʾȫͬˣ¥ܲˣȻˣαػϷˣ˵¥
Ҳǳǵģһ磬ɵ˲ѽҪǳ޼ɲ֣ǿɾȫˣ˵£ǲܵģʵ̫޲ˣǱԷĺ޻֮ŸźһˣĲһ·С磬аճôҿҲ壬ʿǶͬҲˡ
ȴгһġֵĻЩͰ׵ˡ
˵ʱ̨һƬֻʱʱȻЦ
̨ϵĻ绹ڼţܿ죬ζݵܷɺðݵĴ޾׹˰ӣܷɾ͵͵޾ԼᣬԼĹУܷʱֳһЩЦǵ̨¹ڹЦ
ܿìܳˣ̨ͻȻŻεĹӣɣľưݵġ
ԭǴ޾׸磬޼һŹ壬ֻܷһϿӵܣʿΪЧջرӸŹܷɣȻǿн޾ߣǳ󻯣Ѿȡ޾ˣںһô

ɸ磬ɸ硪
ܷɱŴúͶſڵϣ뱻ǿдߵĴ޾˵ĺԷʱٹڶĨ۽ǣǲЦͣҲ͡
ΪǶһЩ塢ˣܷʱͬܡ
ڴôչʱߵĺ첼ͻȻ
Ǹʲô
ûн
첼ôˣǲǻأ
ǸǴľ
̨ǹֵλǸյݳ͵Ϊֹ
أ
ܷɺʹ޾أ
ⶼû˵ˡ

ǺܣϾǲ֪ĴڣǽֵĻǵð¥ȥΪѾԼܷɫ˭̫Űˣֽǽܲ˵ġ
ѹѹ֣ʾҰֵλģ⻹ǵһأԶԶûнֻʱˡ
ʱ簡Ÿոյҹʱ򡣡
һЩɣҲݵȥ

աǻǲҪһǮ緹ҹӵǮڴġվǹ⿨ҹǰϽȻðҹǲȥֵǱǸǽô࣬һ뿴ĻͬʱͬļǮ
˵Ҳˣ̨ȥ
ͬʱߵҲ


177 ӿ
Ŷˣ˼Ѿǳˡ
뿪ˡ
ںղûˣΪЩ˶Ѿϴ´Ѱ
ֻҪһûд֣Щһġ
ûа취ֻ뿪Ǵͷɥɨˣڹϣעһ֮ҹ
Ҳ룬ڹϣ컹
ðΣոջΪķ¥ѾǿտҲЩƱǿʼɨⳡӡ


Сո磬ݵΣ
ңҡ
⺫һԺζþΧ˹ڴʵ
⺫ǽԼСգǱϾǶɲôУǾСպһ֡
յͷЦݵķǳá
ζϾһϲ
ζСո磬а취˵¥˺Щ꣬ٵֶˣûл˶
õСԴ
ЦֻǸոտʼǿɲ㣬մȥձһ棬¶øǧĴۡ
ģ
Ȼ֮ǱضǼһˣôλͲƸȻˮǴߡ
أ
ͻȻ˹ЦǺǵ
۶ƣ̾ٳŵΪá
ƵΪʲô
յΪڽϱ˴Ƿûôζʱ򣬺ö˶׼еӿȥ
һʱӴ˪Ƶá
ζ÷׷ڴЦ
⻰һҲţںһЩרݼ˵Ա·Ͼû취̫Ϸˡ
Сո磬أ
˼źա
һȻҲݣҲǣԭãǽռ⻰ܻӭûжϹǵȻͷǳĽζҶΣƾɶûʲô¡
յǲҪżһжոտʼԺһᰲŵģǳŵĸһǵģЩʲôʲôģվʸûУ¥ȥĻ¥
ϲѣú󱬴ֿڣ͵Цں˵κλǾ;߯˧ˡ
ζͻȻСո磬Ľģܷûкʹ޾һ𣿡
ʵֻŵһ룬û֪֡
ϾǶһŮģȻڴõİ飬ǳе֪֡
ҡҡͷҲûпǺãʱȻ֪ġ
ʱͻȻ˹ˣˣСæһҲˣǾͱˣҲȥϢһ°ɡ
ǡ
ŮӯӯһȻһۣͻȥˡ
ĸҡͷչ黹̫ˡ
աûа⻰米ǣҲûвԼʵѾ±ϣһСģͿܷǡ
նĸģûаգǾƲôɵġ
Ҫǰ϶ţڵĻЩţΪֱĿǰΪֹһƺںյƿصСЦСĻĽһ˶ᣬš
ǵٺһٱҲˡյܼ򵥣ΪĶܷɡ
һ㶣漴ЦˣٸһλᣬҲ޷뵽뵽Ҳܱĳ⡶ɫȻʱҾͼǷſʱ򣬻Ƿǳ񡣡
˵˶٣ֵˣС磬ƴ޼ҵʲôʱţ
΢΢ۣʱܻкܶ뵽޼ͷȥϾȫͶ뵽ȥˣìܻûȫǲһܹ뵽϶Ҳɿҿĳͻ˰ɣӦû¡ŶмǸ˵ˣڻѾعˣҪزˣǿԶˣųԽԽ࣬ڵֿ϶ģɵÿϸˣҪҡ
ǣ֪ˡ
ͷȥæˡ
ȥɡ
ߺ󣬺ΣͻȻûзСҰС֣򶫺ʵСҰСأ
ƵҸղſ¥ڵġ
𣿡
üȥ
ص¥ʱѾɨĲˣСֺСҰڵһţСһĴúͶãСҰһǵС֣˹׼ȴֹˡ
СߣͻȻСֵļСֶһ£תͷȥ磿
ЦӨӨ
ܵһҡͷ
£˼
ЦЦ˵ӨӨҲŶ
̴ܵ˹ڴ磬˵ӨӨҲң
յͷȻ㲻˵ӨӨԭǳµһѡ
ܵһĵͷ
һĿͷǽܵܺʹӨӨ֪Ѿܵе֪ӨӨĹ¡ԭǴӨӨҲǳڴеı£һѶûУòײʶܵܣܵʲô֪棬Զ˺ܿͳΪѡ
ЦǲˣΨһѣôûм㣬Ȼ㣬ŴúͶá
ֱܵͷֵ磬˵ӨӨ᲻Ϊܷ
һģǴ֮ô㣬޷Ҳ뱣ӨӨԲ˺ӨӨģȻôǲԵġ
Բԣҵ⣬ҾӨӨܵͷܵҡԴ
һЦղǲڵӨӨ
ܵܵͷ
ֵͬӨӨҲᵣ㣬üģӨӨ֪϶ܵģӦÿֵĻȥӨӨ֪ҲῪĵġ
СҰֱͷС֣˵ĺе
ܵ룬ʵҰʶζǣͦĵģÿοģ뵽ҪӨӨģ￪ģͦԲġ
£СӻͦµġȴЦôˣӨӨ㵱ѣ֪ʶôѣһΪеĵģ㵽ʱҲԽѽܸ
ܵ¶Цݣͷ֪ˣ֪ˡ
΢΢˿һͦᰲο˵İ


һǮյڽҿˣǽûȥǡһǮѾˡ
磡
ɫ
˲ΪսֵĻ⣬¥ûл䣬һ·ǣڻĻ⣬ǵضС޲̸⻰硣
ʲôǻ磿
Ǹˡ
ܿ죬ЩʹЩӵܶҲǷǳ棬ѯʣ⻰ʲô⡶ɫʲô
Ϊʲôô׷
˵ģĺǰȥһ
ǣǱĴʣǹ壬һȥĽһְ档
ᰡ


¥
ܽ㣬¥ô棬ǣ¿ɲôˡ
˵öԣǲȥ鷳ӦݷˣǣǲһЩѵǽ
СӲһѰնѣƾʲô㣬һҪϳҪϳǡ

ֻڻ¥һڣŲˣһЩ긾ŮȻɫϹһôķۣҲˡ
Щ˾ļĸ¥ţǵȻȥ̽һ˵ĨǣǼ˿̣𱲻ѽ׷ҪһЩѵ
Ĵ󣬾ôͷգòİ
ǲһֱûЩĸǾͷ׷Ų壬ж˼Ҷﵽͷˣô޶ô
ðΣһĸ̲סˣʵܽ㣬˵ôǿɶհ
һЦȡ·òǳ档
˻
û˵ôʲôݾһһʿమһͬ壬ʿ壬Ȿͷ˴ɣΪؼǣʿʲôãƫƫմޣҲ֪ǹΪ֮ľô޼ҵ˿϶Ĺǵġ
ѽôû뵽һ㡣
ߣһԸһϳĹ˶ѣҵ޼ң¿ܵˡ
ֻ˫ۿôˡ
ͻȻҲڣǻûôУƺܶ˶û뵽һ㣬͸һǻҪһѻ𡣡
˵ţ˫ͻȻһĨݶĿ⣬һѻǵյ𡪡պСӻ𡣡


178 ˴ޱ˴ɵɵֲ
һʯǧˣ
һռ䣬糹׺䶯˳ǡ
һʮʮ٣ȵڶգշӵ¥ŵգڶӵµĳʤﶼǼˮйͨΡ
˵жôֻ˵һ㣬Ƴֻжôѷ
ǽҲǿǰĺã¥ַѾ̫ӵˣǿɲģ뱱ڵһʱõ¥ϢʵǶȥֻǰһֲ֪νӣɵȣҲȥǵĹ塣
ոĿ˶ѧˣŵķŶӣú˽£Ծľź顣
һͬʱֻһööͭڣ⡰һǮڿ˶ԣѾûʲôٵĸ÷ǳȤȽһöͭӽȥȻһһ볡
죬ȵ϶¥һ¥£̨ǰأһ첼ڸס
ĺðΣ¥ΪУͿ˷׷յľ飬Ԥյľ飬ûеģߵѯյľ飬öԼ˵ʲôˡ

ֱʵǼȥˣһأûнȥˣֻˡ
ʳûб䣬ôķḻģնûԹοգԼմϴıˣǴҶѧˣųԣھͳ꣬ȻῴϷʱ򣬾ûóˣһ߳һ߿
ȵʳַ֮󣬺ϷҪ̨ˡ
ѣ
̨ǰ
֪ϾҪʼˣǳԾİ
ǿŵһգյȻҪȥ˵䣬Ϊҽһ£ǽɾͲٳˣֻ˵治һڿˡ
첼ſ
ĵȫˣӳһǳٵĸ¥ôߵģһŶץ¥Ļ
⣬ٵϣͺտ԰Ѹ¥ᵽ̨ϣȻǳ٣˼һ֪¥ڻԣ㹻ˡ
տ϶סôõĸ¥ô϶Ǵ˼ңͳһ˼ңǴ޾ңô˵¥϶Ǵ޼ҡ
ݵ޾ˣôտ϶ܷҴ޾ʴ˳Χƴ޼ҷġ
Ҫݾݴ޾ܷɣºܶ඾ƣͼܷɣܷɽȥȡһʲôĻɽжǡ֮ģҪݶжݶ
ܷÿζĻǱܹ˴޼ֵµȦף
ЩǺմӺһЩѡȡģûôȥԣֺ׵ڣۺնŪʮǻ˵ƴЩȻ򵥣ҲŪ̫ӵģƵķǳ
νǶǶ£߳
ùǴ񫰡
һչֳܷɵĴǣÿÿܻΪģһ棬չֳ޼ֵܵĺݶ˿رǵҿܷǣǴ޼ֵʧεı飬ûнݶˡ
ò˵һ䣬յľվʶˣв˴ѧܶС֪ʶǵ˲֪ġ
ʣˡ
ؼ㻹մ˱ˡ
Դ㻹ʲô
⣬ζǵݼҲĵøҲѾȫ뵽ĽɫС
ʧ֮Ǵ޼ֵһѹأܷȥȡ״Ԫ
ȻΪܷЩ춼ǶǶ£Լμӿƾٵģһʱסˡ
൱š
Ƕܷɸеż¿ô죿
ɾʱ첼¡
ԭڲ֪Уһôȥˡ
첼µķǳȻ
Ŵ򿪵ķǳɴࡣ
Ҳûȥͣɡ
û˯ˣһ֮ҹ
ʹ࣡
ҲãҲãƫƫڹϽⲻǳô
ϾûоС˵Щ߶¶ϵֻʾˡ
̣Ҳջôô
һǶǴԹԵ뿪ˣƺûڴ졣
˵һֻƾ˹ڵĿ⣬ôվƾ辫ʵݳ׷ЩڣӶ춨λһηǳɹݳ


ɶǴ޼̫ɶˣΪʲôͲþܷһ𡣡
С㣬Ҫô
ʲô
ղǿǴ޼ѽҪô޼ҵҿҲǻͷ
ϣҲ㶼ˡ

Ǵ޴ѽ˼Գƹ壬ҿС˻ҪһЩ
ϣ˵עһЩɲҪǴƵһʿɾǴ޼ҡ
ŶҲ㶼ǡ
ʵ֣˵ɫĴ޼Ҳǰ޼Ұɣ
ôܣ˼Ҳǻ磬ģ޼ʲôϵ
ǸղŴӷ¥ʱܶ˶޼ң˵⣬⣬治֪޼ҵûθ롣
ôһ˵ˣȡҲ̫ˣԸ޼ҵ˲Ҫȥ⣬ܵøҿְɡ
ߣҿδذ

ջôãǽս֮Ǵ޼ֵǱ˺֮ǣ̸⡶ɫ޲޼ҡ
ȻĴ޼ҡ
֪ˣΪϣԴһӷӦˣ޼ʲôȱ£ô˺
Ȼ˴޷Ǳ˴ޣҲ۵ǽˡ
޼ԳΪʿδ
Ҫôȥ˴޺ͱ˴޳Ϊһ޵ģΪ޼̫ģһմ޵ģܻ뵽޼ҡ
һԣ˵һ飬˵һͬʱ˵һԣôҲʵ
¥ĺԺ
С磬ôȥòǰæҿ޼ҵͻˡ
һǵһպžƵĺ˵
ЦҲãǵܣţи
Ƶ㿴ȥһҲģ
ҡҡͷΪʲôҪģֻҪǽһжˣͲģ޼ֲһҶֻҪסһ仰ˣ˵ĵ˾ѡ
硣
ܵܺСҰͻȻ˹
յʲô£
ܵܺٺһЦںߣ磬̽¡
մ㵵ʲô
СҰͻȻСøܷһ
ֱܵԴ
һ㶣漴ǺЦ
ܵ磬ЦʲôǲҲܱøܷһ
ҡҡͷҲ˼С֣ÿ˶ÿ˵ŵȱ㣬ʵкܶŵܷɲ߱ģ㲻Ҫ˭ֻҪԼͺˡ
ô
ܵץץͷûзʲôŵ㰡
յСҰ֪֪Сֵŵ㡣
СҰ£Сͦ˵ģ㲻ŵ㣿
չ⵱Ȼŵ㡣
ܵܵҲŵô
һܵܵļ򣬵С֣ţʱƾ˵ŵ㣬ǣ˼˰
ܵգ۵ô
ô˭ƭ㡣
⵹ǵġ
ܵ˼ĵͷ


գ
磬ΪĶͷŵβŶӵͬʱյľ飬һҲûвҪͷ⣬лŻεĹӸ磬⣬ȫվǰ棬ֵĺ

ͻȻһȺзԵüΪĲЭ
мУվһĿࡢߵıδ󺺣򥣬⣬ۡͷվţҲǺȺĿ׸ߣĺӱзģ˼ҵĶ鼸ǽţȴտĺܡ
һôֵĻ˯ţܴ࣬Ƕû˯ˡ
һֻһССǰȥһ˵ɺƣ˵ĵǼ٣ôʲô㶼ʶ
ƭҲúʶ¥ĶǸˣûиҲһǮøҲ֪ɺơ
ǱδͻȻʶ±ӣȻֹ۶ץסպôԾɺơ
ɺδ󺺵Уͬȸһ㣬á
ϣ˭ѽ
ɺһתͷһʱе磡
Ǳδ󺺻ֿۣһЦСɡ
δǳ֮һԪһ


179 潻
ŶŶ磬ô
ɺգۣ㶴㶵Ԫһһֱ鴤š
ԪһǺǵȻİ
Ҳ˵
ɺһҡͷͻȻЦ˵ôŶӣ
ԪһӦŶӣ
ɺưһ磬ڴŶӣߣҴȽȥ
٣Сɣżղ㻹˵ˡԪһһ־ͰɺƸൽԼǰʲôô
ҡҡ
ɺɪɪ˫磬µԪһ
ԪһûнҪعأҶŶӣƾʲô㲻Ŷӡ㲻ŶӣҲŶӣȫˣ硣˵һƳǼСҲҹŶӡ
ǡ
ɺһǼҲԹԵվ˹
ԪһĿһɨųȥ죬ЩСӾһˣʲôϰϰѧˣǣʲôӣһһ
ɺƵСӷ׷׵ͷҳ
Ԫһһ첲ɺƼϣûаСӸѹˣرСɣҿ˵ˣСӾᴵţ˵͸ƨƵã˵ˣⶼô谮㣬Ҫ´ҼôûйأҾͳ㡣
ɺƱ죬ˣǣ磬֪ˡ
һںͻȻָǰ棬磬Τǿɶǰˡ
ǰ涼һȺŻĹӵһƵС档
ԪһǶһȺˣҲҪѧ
ʱͻȻһ˵ԪһǷСҲҲòȥ
ֻ幫Ӹ
ɺǼˣæǰǸʮĹΤ硣
ΤΤҶӡ
ǰԪһΤҴΤ
ԪһߵԪһôС˭Ŷӣ˭һˣ㿴ҲһѪͷ

һˬʵЦһȺصˡ
Ԫһתͷһֻվһµ꣬УСʲôʱģ
֣С
֣ü˵ܲܶò˭СӣУˣӵܡ˵˶٣ǰ˵õͦԵģŶӵĶˡ
ԪһһЦתͷΤˣûж飬˼֣ӿڣ˵һû
㡪
ΤŭԪһɸ˵һ֣һͻȻˣź
ΤһҾҪӣκҡ
˵ʹҡڵǰȥ
СҲ
ԪһŹǷµҷǼǵȺŶӵˣҪûнȥܻ˱ӳġ˵ɺƵԴȥȥȥŶȥ
ɺƿԪһ磬վ˵Ựɡ
СӻҵĶӣ
ɺƼ̻뿪ˣȻǿ϶ŶӣΪҲѾˡ
ȺСߺԪһֻعͷȥ֣еһô
֣е˭
ԪһٺٵȻѽΪ˭
֣һЦӦûûпƶĸİɡ벻Ҳ⻰Ȥ
ԪһҾǼУпܻΪ֮⣬˭ð顣˵һ̾ϧҲһҵġ
֣аڰֵһȥҲʶˡ
Ԫһôɨ˺òŶӺĵģҷվⶼ˯ˣģûп£һûмģ˵ϴ۸ˡ

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ǲƴڻ䣬вˣЩ˶ֱߵǰ棬ںӵҲֻܸŭԣֻĿǲӡ
Ƕǰ¥ȻҲȫûпǰզզء
Ԫһ֣пֱҡͷ
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Ԫһŭһ䣬ĿĹˣֻ¥һɫӵȺЩҪֱΧϣͻȻһ޳Ӱվһӱϣ
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Ԫһ˾Ȼӡ
ɤʮִֿһ£ò˲Ŀ˭ҪˣһԪһ̰Ŀĵط
ֱ֣ҡͷϽ룬ԪһȥƤ֣һ顣
¥ϵͷעеСڹ꣬һֻԼõԼøͷƵãͻ£ҿһˡ

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յʧˣκһӸ綼ǣǳɹˣٶҲκβǵġ
룬ҲôһǺûпС
յǶȻѪľ飬ǻĲ˵

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һĨŭҲ޼ղһũѣȴ˵Һ͵ǾƾһũǲܶӮҵġ
𣿡
ҡҡͷͦǸģ˲Խǲܵ£ҶԾԽսҾҪⲻܱɿܡ
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Цƾ㣿
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Ҳ䣬ԵĿɲ㡪ȫҡջһ䣬˵ģһҺʧΪ޹ѪжٻŰٰʮ˳ţΪһ֡
ӵЦֻĻһԣֻҪһˣ滹վĳ˵ĻҴ˰ʮҲ޼£αȡˡ
Ϊպʹվ̨ǰģܱ߲ûˣЩӵҲ˵ʲô˵ЦǺ治ѡ
һɻ⻰ôûпʼȵö˯ˡ


180 ޼
󣬶ȥЩڷɧ¥ڷǳΪÿ˶עźպʹУʴԵΪô̶ĳЩ˶ƽһס
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գ
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޼һĨɫ
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Ҵرǿȫˣ壬ԾǸԼء
˻һҲˡ
׵ĺܣҲãɺһϷҲ̫Ȥˡ
š֮޼ɵͷָϾԿηǲ֪ô죿
йֵһʱҲû̫õע⣬ù˹Ҳڣ˹һȫ֮ߡ
Сӣ޼һЦڰֵ⻰඼ûп̫ó⣬ǴЩ岮ֻԹңⶼС£Լɡ
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Ԫһ̵СɣСôǰȥˡ
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Ԫһµ͸ˣҿһĶӣɲܲݣ㿴Ԫһ˹Ҳ˺ð죬ߣ˹ɲܵġ
޼תͷĿԪһһۡ
Ԫһ̧Ŀϣ˫Դ
Сһ취ûС޼һ̾
տɥĨҲǣҲǣǺð
жһô˵޾ܿ޵ġ
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޼ɵȻϣΪĶֲǴ޼ңɽʿ弯ţȫˮ
ô˵޷Ҳ֪ԼһҲǳ޼ɵĶֻ֣ҪɽԿ޼ɵĹ¤ţ㲻Ҫһңɴͼڵˡ
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ոм֮Ըӣֵ޹Ӳǹˣǡмм
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ǡ
˵ţһΪѵ˹տݲˡ
޼ɺΪΣ
յⶼҿǲܣǰϰʱ򣬶ԻСޡ֣һʱ϶ҲĲ˸һչ
ﷺһ˿ЦʲôЦӲһ٣ܳ

޼һĨɫܿ죬һȴԵ÷ǳΪѣϷǡ
Сӣ㹻ݣܲףǰ˵ôҲˣ㻹ںһô˹ڱϵˡЦ޷޷Ҵ޼ĵ̣СС;ܲˣδҲ̫СҴ޼ˡ
޼üͷɵ壬Щʿ嶯ĵ̣ͬʱҲǵĵطΪƳŶ꣬һ궼ûУ㶮ǧ꣬ûнԼһƳ
еȻһ㣬ǹҪ޼ɣǴ޼ҿɲ㡣
յȻףа֣ȴмл޹½⣬ǡھȥ̨׼ˡ
пų޼ɡ
ãá޼ЦŵͷΪֻһ̣ʴ˵ʱЩˬϾ˼ʮ࣬ڸСյȥɡ
ͻȻֵ֣ܶղҪһ𿴿⻰硣
̹һЦ´ŵ˹ˡ
޼ɺǺǵҲмѧϵ⣬ۡ


181 װ޼
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ô֮⣬û˿һʲôΪʲôлֵºͣΪʲô޼ɻΪʲôǸũСܹվڳ޼ɺʹем䣿
һеһ￴
ؼȴʲôҲûзƵã޼ɺʹһ¥ȥһ˵ЩʲôʵǾ仰ǳ޼ɵĿ׻ȷЩۣΪܶྭĶ޼ƿţûпС츳ˣйĿı£ЩȻء
ֱȥ̨

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⿴Ϳɲˣ޵ΪѾϷˣЩʿӵܾͿˣһʱû뵽ʵڰЩʿ顣
̵ľ裬˺ͿĽܡ
УϷǺÿ˵أ
ԪһһЦ֣С
֣һȥ侮ʯ
ԪһǺǵвѲɻ׼˵𡣡
֣еǲǳ볳ܡ
Ԫһҡͷҿû˼ֻΪһ
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Ϲ˿ȻʧЦ
ͬʱҲв̫ӵ񫣬ô͵ˡ
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˵ˣ˶µͬĵص㣡ͬļǮ
պǺǵ⣬̫мˡ
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182 㲻̧
һϷȡ˿ǰĳɹҲ˸߳
ǰȻҲǳʣڵ˶ԣһЩССǻۣǽһأʧСʫɾͷǳϵ˵ĳ
νǴ״ţδİо

һˬʵЦ޼˹󻹸ŴСһɻĵ޵գգգ⻰磬۽簡ããã
С˵ģ˵ġ
ֵл˹ͣСܳ

޼ɰڰ֣ʶ˶֪Ӳ׿ˣ⻰磬ȷй֮رʲôӣһʫ˹Ŀ࿴֪ǳԺ֣֮
յţǳС֮֡
𣿡
޼΢΢һ
ɬĵͷ
һ仰Ҳѿ˼ת䡣
ǰǾ͵ܲͷͷҪǰĻ϶شǴģǽԥĽ͹Լ
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ò˵һ䣬װһֺñư
ܱЩ̫ӵҲǾ治ѣ˲òడ
ͻȻǶԶӣҲ÷ǳȤʲҲһ֪ɷС̡
˻һܱ˽һ
Ҫ֪ͷûжӣԺղŸóװƣʱǰӲŸոʷ̨࣬ھ𾪲ѡ
˵ĳ֣ǴƳǶ̹ԡԾʫģԴܹܿĹؼҲѹ֡

һֿЦ֪ʱԪһ֣Ҳ˹Ԫһ˷ܵȤȤУ˵δ
޼ҲȤŴУҲʮڴ
΢Цźա
˼ˣǳźȥġ
Ҳ´ģѧ棬ֻżװװƣϾûжˣʱʱ̵̿װƣһûжǿɾͶˣϾղŲ˵Լģͱ˸ˣľͳɵˡ
ƺҲû·ˣλɲʱˣӲƤͷǾ޹Ӵͽ̡
ңҡ̲ǣ
и߰ǫ䣬漴Ƭִ̣һյǣԳľɽУʺζԾ⣿
޼һҲ׹ǴУ
֣ҲӦЦָ߲ţ
пЦУڿΪˡĿȴա
Ԫһȴûףһִ֣мϣٺٵɶ˼
֣һƿԼȥ롣
˵Ͳ˵СԪһƲƲ죬ͻȻһٺٵˣУǺ
ʵ룬ԾгǶԾ䣬ŴһֱǿԼԶӣôָĿ϶Ǻա
ʵܶ˶ˣû˵ΨԪһֱһơ
޼һɣСһҲûб䡣
ԪһڨڨһЦץԴ˵
ûгϣҲûзϣҪգźյ身գΣձǼģҷһ磬ɰ޼Ĩúںڵģвһ㷴ûУѾǸ˳޼ֱ档
޼ڣ˶Ӹճһʱʹвţܹ
ɴ˿ɼŴо˵
ǺеĿⶼںһ˵ϡ
նͷ϶Ѿ׷װԳЦ
װƣ֪˰ɡ
ҲżԲǷǳΣҳ޼ҪĴɽҲΣһҪϣԼʱ
ںһԽԽµļһƴӼȴǷǳΪѵı飬Ц޹Ӵţպգµúպ롣
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191 Ű
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˵֮ܵһաСҰǸΪȥģʴ÷ǳھΡ
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200 Զ
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շǳ֣ͬе˵ΪҲˣӲȥСҰС֣ɣľǡ
ΪԼ۹⣬ȻΪѣôЩһ϶κ¿϶ԭģĳ֮ˡ
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ֻƬѾⲼׯ߲ɣͲ͵ελ
ʵƳҵֻѿ׶ΣзƾͿɿһߣҵΧǽ֮ڣܷʲôطȥγľΪʲôΪзƣһģ洦̯
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ڵ˻ٵÿҪôʿ塢ׯ԰ãҪôξã廧١
նԴֻһ룬֣Ȼֻ棬֪һ̫ˣ֣ǫ˰ɣⲼׯĲׯô׬Ǯ
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֣е֪֮··Զ⣬ô򵥡кܶҪõȻ˵ĺܶԣ֮ģǲôⶼҪǮ
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յͷǺãǾ̸ҷһߡ
á
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֣һɫʲô˶һ֪ˣʴ˼۸ͼΪСļƻҲΪΪСļƻòıϡ
⻰õһ㣬·ΪеҪ·ģƾ񻰾籬ĳ̶ȣϵķζõ˹㷺Ĺעǻɴ档
Եͷ֮˶ڵãΪǴеıƷƷһѵԶͬȲϵ󡣡
˵˶٣֣ӣһ㸾ͬҲѵļ۸ذѰնԼ··Ҳôġ
֣еͷҵȻ֪ҲΪ˸еǵĵطҾ磬Ƿܹɹ
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ǿ϶ԼҵĲƷֵıϾ·ǻ磬ܷɹؼ·ϣֻһͨ·ǻ𵽵֮٣һǳӱķΣǻͿԷӼãܷɹ·
֣ʵǲ֪Сʲôõİ취𣿡
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ЦЦ֣ӣ֪ʲôֵǮ𣿡
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Ц֣ѯ֪֮޲ԣ޲Ϊƣ̣Ⲽƥ˭·ͬҲˣиõİ취ΪʲôԼ
֣һͷˮǲ֪С羿ûа취
СǮƾԸŸ߼ĸ֣Ҿȫ㣬δҲ̫ˡ¶һĨЦ
֣һЩŵǲ֪ҪСŻ˵أ
յҪⲼׯһ롣
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Ц֣ӵȻԾֻܾҵ˶ѡ
ǿ˵θھش֣вòӺգЦС磬Ҳδ̫̰˰ɣ
ÿ˶̰ģ̰һʲôЦЦ֣Ӻβô룬ȷڲׯһ׬һǮһǮȫģҺ֮һ׬ʮǮÿȻֻһ룬ԵõǮ㾿ǿ׬أȻ֣ȴ벻κζͶʮǮ˭̰һЩˡ
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յ˵а취ûʵֻһͨİգû㹻ıܹ֧ôͷǮˣᴵͻȻ֣ǡþ߱һ㡣
⻰˵ĺʵ֣ȻףЦͬĵҵʵʱҪڣ̵ǮҲ޿κΡ
֣˵Ĳյͷ˶ڽģһУҵȻ޻˵ңǵĺ潥ͻһ
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Ц˵ĺܶԣƾһ仰ǲܵģǲ˵ٶ࣬Ҳ̸ֻֽ֣㶼һ仰ܾ
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201 Ǯ˰
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һβҪƭǮģ˵ףҲƭΪ·ˣ˵۲ġ
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ԪҲκ˹֮һ˹Ƿˣ䣬磬»ʺĸ׶ţԨĸΨԪûκνģ䣬ι棬Ԫϲ̨棬ԸҲǺ񣬸еƣɢɢģϲ԰Ԫ֪ˣҲǳĺãÿһζܹվԱߣԵλɶǳԪҲԽԽ١
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⻰ǳֱӺʵǹܱûгԱҵĲԣľûҪˡ
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Ҳô࣬һãҲϰˣ֪ԸԼÿҲˡ
ֻ޵غգΪһ˷壬ϲԲ;ƲǿԼҲȥԼܳԶ٣˷˲֪ʳЦƾ֣һ仰Ҿһɹ
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ڷ󣬶˾ǩһݶԶЭ顣


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ǻ˵ôȥջδͷҲûȥ룬꣬COMEˡ
ص¥֮󣬺ֻǸѾ̸ˣǲûи֣е£ΪЩ춼ڵ£ҪǸԼ֣кˣ⸴ӵĹϵĻƷ


յ٣⡶ɫҪˣҲǼ⻰ĳɫʱˣյȴ⻰Ƿǰ漸һ죬Լȫˡ
յһҲǣΪŵ˯žΪ˳ܡ
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֮ܽ󣬺ճ;ȥ¥ָɣľ˰ڷһЩߣһصĵ߿ǷǳҪΪһҪ˽Ҫúܶߡ

֪У罫տʼգᵽ⻰տ¥ǿյģƽ֮󣬻δ
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պǺǵΪζû֡

աɫӭһܷ߳޾˽ɹ
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ЦôôãǳǮֲ࣬ôܻԸ
պǺǵɲǡѾź˰ɣ
ͷ
ЦͺúÿһϷ


204 ɣ
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ΪҲרҵ

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һЦŲӻ֣˳ȥȻֵ﹫

һ裬Ц﹫ӣһжŪġ


206 ֮ⲻھ
ոӴ򽻵Ĵ࣬Ҳ֪Ӳһ˵ϻˣ˵˻˵һƭӵĻѡֱӵķʽ
Źž¶һ˿ı飬ȻҲûϵջôֱӵĸҲһ˲䣬ЦС˵Цɡ
ҡҡͷ˵ЦһжҰаŵġ
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Ȼ¸û˿ϵʵҲһɣ˶ϲˣһˡ
ʵնڳҵ̬һֱйǣȻճ޼վ˳Ҳ˶ѣֻǰ΢һ´УûзųκϢ
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ȻϾһˣЩСǹ˵õģľͲ˵⺫˼Ǻնô˵ˣȻ޻˵֣أ
ղ֪ҵĹϵǵŵ˯ž֣һ棬Щ˽ֻǳڹģ֪ʵ顣
˶٣ֵǲҪȥǣҪõĶǲ̫ԶҪõľȫչ׼


硣
Сո磬ҪеѾˣǡǣԲҲûеʮˡ
ͷһ˵
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211 
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ΪβʣúСһҲ֪Щ鶼ǹƨʵǲֵһᣬСһ׷ʥӡֻҺܺ棬ΪʲôҪô
ˣˣһƭӶʥˡ޵غգﻹ˵ó
ѩ֪Ϊһΰ롣
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ҪĻÿ춼ŸǸôɻʮѽҪǼʮͷţǻãΪţǸõģ˲ͬ˿Ըɺܶ룬ҹƲʮ꣬ͷͻȥ
ѩü΢壬漴ҡͷ˵ҲԣҵˣͷҲûе⡣
Ϊµū澸ţûɶÿ춼Ǹظ¡ЦǴʷôܸȡ
ѩͷ⵹Ҳǡ
У˼ګȻӢġ
ЦЦҲû⣬ֵֻǽǸԼһЩظǣھôȫԼ룬㹻ɣҵĻҾˣ˵ķҲһõġǼʮһ£мʮ뷨һ뷨ǳмֵҾ׬ˡ
üһ˵뷨ˣǱѿƣͺǷ¥ĽǣЩȻλǶ˿ƣʴ߱ߡ
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ʧȥһ˲ţҲпܱȡ֮
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Լʧȥ˲ţҲ˵ӵһ˲ţ˲ſ޼ۣһ˲ſһ֮ʹʮūһܴļֵ˵¡
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յܺðΪʲôҪ̾кܶӵģղŲ˵ӿ϶ʶſҲܽܡ
ѩƲҲŲϡˣҪԼѡǸ޾һ
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ѩ̵˭˵ûУ㲻ô

˫ѩӣЦˡ
ѩƺҲ⻰Щףæɱᣬҵ˼ǣʶҲǺɺô
ô˵˲ôֻĨ亹룬ˣʵѩĳȫнڨڨǾףҵɾ
ѩһƵôףһ˶ףζɡ
ǰݵʱ͵͵ţٲãҲչɴȥڳϾԼļңɲˣʵʵһҹ㣬ĴڼȴȢ
һ̾ѩգҪǻǵ÷ȥҲﲻκæҲ֪˵ЩʲôǺá
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ѩվЦգû£ҾͷˣȻȥˡоǲᣬľ͸ķһֻżŷŷ硣
㡣


212 
̶̵Ķһٱ㷹ĹûУѩ͸ˡ
ͺεͳȥˣôĴæ
ʧڵھΣԴ󣬻δȥѩζѩ̽ôѵĻ£һ̣ľĺܲġ
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Ȼһѩû˵ҪȥΪ֪ڿ϶кܶ
ջĿһ̾


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˽Ҳȫֿǹ棬Ҫչ£ܳٵˣģΪҲٸһٷԣҲһ໥ء
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⻹ǸոտʼкܶµźȥϾǰֻҪˣڽ˸ѹ֪
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ǽ¥һʮԱֳţһһ߻һ粿һӪһ񲿡
л粿࣬ʮˣΪǷ¥ƣȻˡռһȥֻˣ⼸еĶûһʮģܵܺͶ滪ҲڣһɺԵβϾڿûⷽ˲š
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ӪһʮˣЩ˶һЩȽϻģлˣβ
߻ԱֻʮһˣҲɺռβ
ʱˣơɣľԼ
ղϣ̫漰Ǯ棬ΪǮǳľףЩ˸ոսղȫǣɴܣǰѲȨ
Żֺ֮󣬾Ϳʼѵ׶Σо֣Ļûļҹ˾ԱֱԿͻΪǶڿͻĲء
ͬʱҲ֯һ˿ʼи졣
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һգڲͬ£ѲӣҼһڽи죬ΪﶼģˣҪֿסڳһЩԺרΪᣬֵģȫĳɵ̣ЩΧǽˣͬʱҲؿֵ
Сո硣
Сոá
æԱǼˣ׷ͣеմк
ЦŵͷǿҪסˣһҪѭҵİЩ̶˵ģҪһʱһ߶룬˵õΪ飬԰˽лʲôط㣬ܹõĽ飬Ϳ쵽ʮǮĽ𣬲Ҫ£ȥ룬𡣡
ףס
ЩԱֱͷ¶˷ܵЦݡ
ͬǸɻֻľظĶǻ˸еǳԷԼʹ죬ǲȤ
ֿ˿ȻǰȥϣԼԱ˼ģдģҪȫһ룬ǵȥ
СѯʵСո磬ΪֻЩСݣЩݡԺȴŲ
ЦЩôֻǵԼ붯Ҳˡ
ڱһȦ֮󣬺׼ȥ￴ЩС̸һ¡
ߵһ룬ͻȻ˹̺ľ̶ѾˣҪҪȥ
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ǿյϣֻһʯݣʯݶ滹һݡ
ԭﱾһʯݾãݾǷãǶʱͽõġ
ǰģƳԳʵ˹滮ĵλþͱü⣬ԽԽ٣֮󣬾͸ӲУû̻֮أⲻѧɮ¶׷뿪ˣһ
ԭǴ˽¥ģضˣǺΪĳ֣±ľ񲻿ţ˶ߣ;ΪĵλñĵλҪöˡ
ΪʱڵضѾΪ˻ĵأҲûлǮҲνǿؾһֱķֱҪ̺ḷ̌Ž¸
ʯݣֻʮֿտΪģʴݶǳߣԶҲǷǳͨʺϴʲôˡ
߸ĸ¯ÿ¯ӦһȴȻⴰҲǾģøСʯСģһ̿ڡ
мһſȥ֪ǸոõʯǳᴩӣһЩߺʹõǰˮȻտɲϲ˶ġ
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Ѳһ󣬺նԴ˸еǳ⣬Цƣúá
ЦʵûʲôնķԸȥġ
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Ѿʮˡ
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ΪѵЩֶΣ˼ҲһԸûйϵˡ
ѧ嶼Щ¢Щƶջѧһ㼼ɱƵãڲ⡣
ЩˣߵҸôǮѵǽǰ԰ڵôϵĻǱǴô٣ҲᣬҵˣȫûԣдһĶǰܷ㶨㲻һȥ
ˣ
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һˬΪԸ񱾲ǸµˣҲǱԼ£϶ǳˬеǰˡ


213 ͽ㻪а
ϣˣûˣһļ٣úȥ
ջصԺڣϵİ̾ʵ̫ʺˣû˯Ȼѣͱ˳ˣʶģһͷ
Ҫ˵˺ܶʵҲûУ˵˵ĻҪôˣÿн˵ڳ鴤ֲ̫ˣżգͿʼﻮΪԼˡ
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յͷǾͺãҿ㣬Ȼȥ
ô
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һУҲãȫˣһרעǱ򣬲¡һЦϾδʮ˼ҶʮˣȥһЩǺѽ
һɻˣС磬мһֱŪס
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հֹһ䣬ȴ㣬˵Ĳµȷ԰˵ȥɣǽ޷ҲǶ׬һЩǮ׬ǮǣǸﶢӬͷСҪӰ
ֱǽǾͳΪǵˣھһˣһ˵Ļ˵ûֵţҲ޷ˡ
Ǽ˽ԶԶͬˣһǱܹΪӯһȥ˵һĺõطʱͻڣҪġ
ңչĻʧȥĶǮǹ̶ģ˵ĻǾͻ뾡취׬ȡǮôƷͿ϶ԽԽãǵҪĿǽһԽкͶегֻΪ׬Ǯ
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С磬ǲ֪ǼŮˣһ׼ûк¡
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յҲѽǲ͵ȷ̫ˡ

ˡ
ЦһǴҶھӣӦҪû̫ˣܻġ˵˼ҶˣȥһԵûòԵ̫СˣҲȥ̽ģܵÿǵĻŪôɡУǼ˼˵ĽУԵûʡ
ǰ䣬ͦеģǷ¥ȫϵ⻰棬¥ҲˣȻʱ̹עţа䣬һ죬һ𡣡
̫ͬûУ㰮ôоôС
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յУ㲻ݾ׼Цɡ˵˶٣Ƿ¥Ļܣʱκ˶˵رС㣬㻰ࡣ
ܵܺĵͷ


214 
ͬˮۣˣκʱˡ
ܶ˶˵γϡͷЩ̶ôǮˣΪʲôҪƴ׬Ǯ˵ǱЩͨ˻ҪƴϰʲôһûȡģôǾͲܻнգԸˡ
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Ϊ財¼֮󣬴Ҷ˵ǲ뿴ɫǡǡ෴Ƿǳ뿴ֻҲðΣȥɲĻͻȻȱ⻰磬ֶеЩӦ
˵¥Ļ˳ӦڴҲΪʲôϢһ̾ʹȫǡ

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ŸƼģղŻԼ̫ʵĺգǾԼǲЩ̫ˣһ˹¹µ·ߣûע⵽
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⻰ģ˵շǳᣬһ棬û뵽ôᣬĺЩֶζǳһδʮС
պǺǵλܹЯ
Я㣿ⲻЯ㣬ҶûзˣҪЯ㣬һϽҪ
Щĸ׷뵽
ͻȻױģףôû
ЦЩʣʴû
𣿡΢΢һЦҿֻǽڰˣû黳£ӣǶôˣܻˣ鷳Сȥʱ򣬰תã˵ôңһֱá
ʰһ˸еʣʮ˴ͬʱϻֵܳܣġ
ƾһ仰Ͳԩһпͷǣһת档
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л
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ǰһľͷ̨
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ʱѾУңϾģûҪڣϻŮ൱Ǣ
һ⣬ȫǹӵܣӵܼģ˼ģҲ˵¥涨׼ӵֻһѸߣӵ⸺أﶼǹ壬һҲʹ졣
ԴһȵǺӵȥĵطǻճֵǶʱڣ¥һȳΪӵܵʥء
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ϣѽôˣ
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˵еܼĸΪ˴¡

⺫һ֣˲Ŀ붼һЩм֮С
ҶôԹնڶȴأ΢Ц룬ѽЩˣͲˣС˵־ǲһ£ȵҷ¥֮ʱǻùԹԸȥŶӡ
װûЦС磬⻹Ҫæ㣬СĪҪ⡣
պˬû£û£ææ
һŮ澣¥ӭˡ


215 һ
Сãô֣
عӵĻҽвݶ
ݶţ֣֡Ǹʲôģ
Ƕ˲ˮġ
ǻ¥˲ˮĶôƯ
˵Цˡ
ҿǺģСģǷ¥ﶼҪƯûȤҷ¥һ㵱ǣŶӦɣһҾݡ
զݵˡ
˵УУҸ㱣֤ҷ¥֮ڣض鳤
һ¥ȥһߺߵСţǱһڼð̽ƭӡ
䲻뱾а
ϵ¥¥ȥʱתǴ¥һλŮӣһϮװ߼ɴ棬ֻ¶һĿѾԣֻĿӯӯ纬ˮѾ̬䲻ҲѾǧġ
ݶǽ㡣
ݶ
ǣĴ󻨿֮һĹǣ
һ㶣֮ǰʹˣ¥Ĵ󻨿У˽òƽƽΨһŮųưǡ
˵ۣ˵Ѿ㹻ˡ
˵ûп˼һҿļǮ͡
Ǻ֪޷Ҳһ̧۵ֶΣԽǲ㿴Խ뿴
˫۾ҪһƳ֮£Ůʢ
š
Ůһûпһۣ߰¥ȥ
յҲû⣬ⷽ濴ͦģţXһҲ޷һұķʽҲһ̧۵ķʽҲڸݶһվȥ΢һ㣬¥ȥ

˿ҪʱͻȻһʧȥƽ⣬žҪ¥ݣ
ɫһϽֽס֪ǲûг⣬¥ʹȻԭ־Ͳʹˣǳȥģһ־¥˴ŮβߣԼһôʧˡ
Ͼǻģɲô㡣
׼ʱȻüͷһ壬תһ󣬰һˬȻ֪Ϊټ죬Σռ˱ˣԱ˷ģ貽һ§סϸ֫һϣҲǼƮݡĿԣ˴Ŀж˸Ĺʡ
Ǻ󣬺һĵû°ɣ
΢΢һѩ׵Ķͷ΢΢͸ź󣬵Ŷû£лȡ
˵ƺûзֺռıˣϾղֻһ˲£Ǵڼȿֻŵ״̬ûзҲ֮С
Ϊ¥ĶǹӵܣʴǶϰ߳ƺ˹ӣرġ
վˣջһǫǫӵģȴŮ˵λǲţá
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ɺոһ֣ͻȻʹĽһǱߵȥոϽֲұۣĵôأ
ҵĽˡ
ϸüƺ۵ӡ
ôɰɡտ۲ݶܿͺ˲ݶȫûڣҪǹﲻĻҷȥϢһɡ
᲻鷳ˡ
ᣬᣬҵҡպǺЦ
Ǳ͹ˡ
˫Ŀӯӯ˼òɵϧ
һ˫˵۾ѽ
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Ĳݶôһˣǰһ̻ҪŮģݶվǲݶԶɲ˻䡣
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ָߵ䷿ҺǼ䡣
շŹǼ䷿ǰһƣű㿪漫ﴹʣ齴֮ණҲΪ
ղŹмԲԣԲϡ
лӡ
΢΢ף˵
Ц֮ͣҳݡ˶٣ֵҪû£Ҿˡ
æߡǹȣСŮѱ֮Ϊлӻ
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ˣѾˣ룬Ϊ¾䣬ôôɷлˣĪ۸ҴԽ߲Ƴ飿д
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ղŻ磬ǹﲻŪ˰ɡ
һЦɴƮ䣬⻪է֣Цûм֮ƭǣǱ㲻ˡ
ɬԼûзҲŻ硣ţ⵹ģǹδ棬֪ǹǴӺε֪
ǵʹӣǶӿɷǹ
ǣҲ̸ϲŻɡ
ӣҲдҪ̹ƽЭ㣬ѵˣҪһ˶Բʵ˼֮¡ǲŻ֮ˣܴӡ
ֵǱ֮ˣ벻ɫǰ˷θĹ£֮˱ȱȽǣǶӣмܹ֮ϣΨйӡ
ȻʧЦǹ˵оݣղò»ͷһ֪Լԭôһˡ
ڴЦֻǹ̫ǫˡ
տڴ֮ǰһֱΪԼǫʸûУǹôһ˵뵹ǵġǺǡ
ǼɧģһЦЦö䶯ˡ
Ůȫ£Ϊ˶ип
ֵˣʹ⡶ɫɻȥ˵
˵㲻˵ȥˡ
̾ڱܲݣ˭֪ˡ
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ճĬ
˺һۣˡСŮðһ䣬µĽ־ģ
Цǲ֪ǹϣεأ
Ҫ͸ôһ仰
Գһܷɺʹޡô࣬־ôĥѣȻϣܹһԲҸ
ԴӴôһ֣ɫѾرˣǹ˽»Ǵ޾޴ĽУҲҵŴеУԹ˵޾ʱԵЩɡ
Եͷƺʾͬ
ͬʹѩѩһκҵİ飬ڽΣνȴϣܹԲҸ
ǡǡͷӦıѩСʳǣǣͬʱҲǷǳƽģۣ飬׷ǰıǽ˵еۣ춼׬ǮĻ°
ǵĻȻղ˽糾УҲܷɺʹ޾ľ϶идԲĽ֡
ںܶ˶˵ĳĳṴ̊Ľ٣ȻȷŮˣЩŮΪԼƶСͱļ࣬ȻȻϣܼ޸һҵгɣȶɷڰ벻Ͳ̫ˡ
ҲЩ˼ҵŮ˰СΪǲȱǮԣȻȻȷ԰Ŀȥ׷Լ飬ڶԷǷԣҲҪ
ɴ˿ɼӰϻҹǹؤʵѭģǽ̰ĽپͿ˵һС
Ǽղһ˿ζǲԸСŮӡ
Ҹ֣Ҳ̫ˣ˯ϣ붼롣Цǹвн𡣡
΢΢һ㶣漴Цл棬ˡ
յ
ͻȻôãһ趼ûзϣʧھȥ﹫ݲ衣
յ鷳ˣĽŻûкˡ
ˣǵĽѾöˡ
˵žվԵƬ̡
˵ߵĹԣһɹ޿˿յӣǱǸҵĲҶѾˣ빫һᣬȥݺò
ˣˣҲǺܿʡ
Ǳ֮裬٣Եȣȥȥò˶õġ
˵žͿ˳ȥ
һϣ¶һĨЦͳһһףŵЦ벻ùǾҵͬУһŰ


216 
ǹϷ֮ͻȻһЦ⣬Ķʱˣȡ֮һֵƤ̬һǼȥܷܷһǮߣ벻÷¥žʹôǮС

ףô
ڵһأԲǵӰ룬øҶҪԼȥɣԼȥﵽǲҶôããϾͬģ϶塣
ˣϽ׼ȥǸߵǰͻȻֻһλòݰףĽСŮվǰ
Ů˼գƺһ˫üһ壬ָźպȵСʲôˣΪҷ
㷿ģŮ˵ĵˡŮ˱뺷ĹӶץ찡ָ׺óѽ
տŮָԼʳָ޳źָףֻ󼹷˵ģؼԷһŮˣҪĶ²֣϶˵ģһץˣ˭ȥ
ǧһɣǲ򲻵ѣмǲҪȥͣΪ;Σôƭ־пܻᱻ˲𴩡
ձϾʹӲûκγɣ¶ϲֵλ
Ůŭٸ҆£˺ôĵӣôķ䣬ŲűｫһӸڳ
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յʹ
ŮˡšһŮ˱Ĵ󻨿֮һԸҲΪġ
յʵĽѾãǰ絹ֻΣ¥±ܼĸ˵⣬ܼĸһƬϣǾǹ㣬֪㲢ݣǹ㡣
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¡
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յģԭܼĸǹдңǹ˵³μ棬Ϊ֮񡣡
ɵһۣ˵ǹ͸ģ
յͷ
ΪҪ͸㣿
ҡҡͷҲ֪ʲҲеܳ
˹ǵ֮ͣ˸ò΢΢üƬֵ̣ȻĸѾùȥ㣬ΪλҪ
յҷѾ˵ˣֻĽ㣬ʴ˲صذмĸһ档
Ŀ˸żϲãȴǣ˳ư˱ǣ㲻ȥĽƫĽңš
вԹǵĲ֮⡣
ʵҲ룬Ĵ󻨿ģһ˶죬໥֮϶໥Ҳǲһ㣬ùʲôҲֻΪ
΢΢ЦԲӣеòǾˮ£һ˹ؼƷУ槼ȻòɣȴЫĳҿªŮˡãҲ˵ĺܶ£ҲΪҸı¥ŮӵĿ
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ЦǰΪ¥ŮӽǷ곡ϷΨ㣬Ը棬ϴˣ޷ԼʮòŮӱȱȽǣôֱʵŮӣǷëǡ
ŭݽתϲ֮ɫû˭Һ⻰˵٣ŵŴȱȴֲֻᣬҲü٣΢΢¶ɬЦ⣬ǡôô𣿡
յȻˣҲùԸˣ¾ͲŹˡȸˡ
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ＱæסЦӺòһΣܵҾ֮꣬ȻĻĸֵҲˡ
ǳղצֱˡ
ߣŮ˻赶ɱˣ̫СˣҪŮ˶ƽʹԽˡһֵ֣Ȼʢȭȭ¾ȴ֮ˡ
Ů飬ܱȶԴ̵ҪãȻûйǰÿҲòϵȣֵһ
֮Ϊһ裬ȻŹǹ˵ûвҶߵġ
﷽ųײ˹ӣǱǸ
ǸһЦ
Цû£û£͵ľһ㡣˵ţĻһҴĴ⣬δǰʧﲻĻҾͽ軨׷𣬽㡣
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ң΢΢üǵңҲŲϡˡ
ɵ椣ҿͬѽøһЩʾˡ΢΢¶֮⣬ҲǵģǹˣҲ̫á
˵žҪջǶ仺
һٵ֣˹ЦлӡȲ衣
պǺǵﲻĻһƣŹˬ죬ҲԸ񡣡


ʱڶǼ᷿ڣⲽڷУƺڴʲô
ǽ㣬ǽ㡣
һС
ǼæǰŴһӰѸٵ˽ȥǲݶ
Ǽæʵôûнץ
ݶҡҡͷ
ǵûд
ݶأҡͷ
ѵǻڳⲻѽ
ݶҡͷ
ڸʲô
ݶںȾơ
Ⱦƣ
͵һ⡪ôܣ
ݶģҷŻ;ƽݡ
ʱ¥ͻȻ
ݶǽ㣬ϾҪˣȥô
Ȼ

֮¥ֵս
պҲ˳˵Цһ𣬿ƷǳǣѡһȽϺõĽǶ
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ǻ¥ûҪˣΪֲһ
ˣ֪Ǻݵġ
Ȥ
¡
мдһ˿֮⡣
˵˱Ĵ󻨿жŮ
Ȼʶ̫ãԸҲһŵ˽⣬ȻԸȷʵֱʣǼ֮ıȽǿΪûнأ
Ʋ죬ĸ̫嶯ˣһ£ûݡ
ҿҲôţ㱾ɫݳĻҡԲԵҲô˵ҷȥݵĻһǳɹ
ϲô
յͷȻ⻰籾ǳ֣ѡ˵ıһеġȻԸ΢嶯һ㣬äĿ嶯֮ˡϷⶫһ²ݣ̫ˡ
Щ̫װģˣڸһֺܼٵĸо޷Ϸ෴ĴӵԸ񣬸ոպʣõݼǴӵݼŻһϷĸо
֪
ۿģɣٱ벻˽ﾴһ
ԾǺģ˽⡣վٱЦҲʵʵ˵ˣҷģһգĸᷢݻˡ
ӣ㡣
׼ͬߣٱʹʱһŮӵ
һĨ֮ɫ


217 Ӽ
ǹǡ
ǹ
һĨЦ⣬漴ֵ
￴ŹǣЦôдˡ
һ㶣ڣжһ˫ĿһæһڻУɵôʧɫָең⡪ⲻҵô
￩ЦŶźѾˡ
Ǹһͷˮҵңôɺ͸أ
̣ϻͷϰëչǸǱǸģҷѾתˡ
ϸü΢ƾʲôҵ͸ˡ
һΪѣδ˵Ȼ͸˺ӣǱǺӵģҪ˭θɡ
Խ˵ԽͿˣ㵵Һʱ͸ˣ
㲻ͣҲģǮң軹ǿˣ˭ҪңǶࡣ֪̾ǹһΪ˸е黳ܹ⣬Ǹ
ӣΪҪǸ
һãʱôСˣͳȥĶ뷴ڡ
óҰҪǵģԹǵķӦǳģѾ϶Ǽս͸ĸзŭʴ˲ô˵ϣġ
ⲻ֪һжǺڰи
ǵͳȥģȻٹʣҴδˡң뺫ڴ֮ǰδ棬ΪҪ͸
һΪѵλĪĪⶼµĴµĴ˻֮飬ѽȴַˣɣɣó⻰綼ݲȥˡ
⿴ڵǸʵڹıƢﻹ̵סһֵӣ޹ء˵ǵ͵ģںϣѲǺ͵ô
͵˫Ŀһ𾪵źա
ôҸʲô㲻ҲҵǮ˳ô˭ҲûгԿˡߣڲŷҲˣ㻹ֻǧſǻǺһҲη
赶ɱˣҲáа֣ȴ޹ı顣
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һƫͷȥ
һۣһĨΣַǳŹǡ
Ƴۺգ漴һַǳɵ˵û£ЩᣬѾ˵ˣǾͲźӺ㿴Ϸˡʧ㡣
˵ת뿪ˡ
տƺ²壬룬ȻĴ󻨿湻ţƵġ
΢΢ü漴¥Τ㣬ȥк
ʵвԸͺĵÿˣźӵˡ
бĿüһƳ
Ʋ죬ͷǡ˵յӣʧˡ
㡣
ߺ󣬲ֵС
롣
֮󣬲Ǹ⼸Ӷҳ軵ˣǵ˺С磬ⲻˡ
ۣôãղֻǿϷô򵥰а룬ڰֵĸˣֻһСѣû£û¡
СҽĹͣµ˺С硣
ҲûжʣʲôһˣĿǰǶ֣ҲǶѴܼ࣬ᣬҪʵĻ͹ǾˣңҲʲô¡
Цĸ⻰ͼˣģʲôͲ͵ģҲ𡣡
СǫˡЦ֪⻰ǳԺС֣֮ҶʩЧ򭣬಻֮С粻ߴͽ̡
ҽ̻㣬һʲôǸЦĿڲһͽ̾ͲҵˣǼĸҪ°æһ֪޲ԣ޲
úǿģЦкС仰Ҿͷˡ
̸䣬¥º˵¥һֻһŮӳ̨ϣ棬ڲΪʲôѡ棬޷Ǿ汾ϷϾòһ㣬ȴĴ󻨿֮һȫƾļۣ̌ģ㲻ǣ˷˲š
ѽѾʼˡյ
ǺС粻ĻұͬСһ鿴⻰硣
ҵȻѽΪ˷ģɼùң磬УҲûȤˡһ䣬һ˿ЦݵңңǺյҡ
ҲûмģרĿ
µı̻֮أտһͷվ֪ǽһӺһ¥Ůӵİ£Ůݵģô϶ݵġ
Ȼ˽ԲòƣʺãвŮķ緶ԿڲƣĲɺãݵ䣬ݷҲʺϲˡ
ģҲͦͬģΪڹŴ˵Ĺһֱ治˾ȱΪǶǸĸ֮ý֮ԡ
ò˵һ䣬廹Щӵģ֪粻ԼóģǾѡԼϤıֲԼĲ㡣
Ŀǰһƺйоء
Ǻ˿ģûСɫĻ绹ܻ𣬵ǰֻ˵⡶Ӽˡʱѽ
һƺ΢ԵЩƽ̸˵Ūīʲôдʫ͸ˣϵˡ
ȷŪīǺóģǻ磬ʫʱö࣬ɡ
ɫ˲͸֡
ƽƽǺտ÷ǳͶ룬ʵԣȽΪǽ椵ļɣһԽ߲̫Ȼӵ˽ļ䣬ЩгװԣװܣȫûⷽݣǱѧϰ̬ȥģôڨô֡
ΪԱĵȻǹݣǹڵķӦرǺգտͶ룬е⡣
ȴ֪֮ԿôͶ룬ȫΪϣ˽һƳķ飬ûеڿһ̬־
֪Уʱȥˡ
̨ϵԱʱ̨ͣµĹһȻȥ
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ҿ˵ȷ¥̣Ҫ˵Ⱥջ̣ҷǵȥƴҲһźĸһѽ治񫡣
ЦֻǾ̫ãۣǾͷֳأ̨׳֮󣬻ݵġ
䣬¥һɤŽϢ֪˿ǡ
˲Ÿƽŭ¥ѾȱˣǲܱǻҪȱ°
ԭˡ
յͷ޵ͦģʵǷ¥γݵкûа취Ƿ¥ֲ㣬ҳ˻Ҳûɶ˵ġ
С˵Цˡ
ǵ⣬ֵǲ֪СΪ⡶ӼˡΣ
ոһЦΨֿˡ
Ըꣿ
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218 ԭ
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סЦ⣬ɫҸϣСĽ顣
ǲܵġ
ţ¶һɫ˵ʵڵģҸΪĸһӼˡҪԶʤҵġɫڼĸҡ
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յ˵Ҳһé®СӣǳⶫҪо;ȥֵ֧ģǳȫڴ֮ˣĸⷽҪǿ̫ˣ˵ǳǡĻԵαҳԵ׻ҪһЩ㴴ĶҪԶҴĶӾȣҲǳʵ
ҸղſķǳͶ룬Ϊ⡶Ӽˡһжпʵзҵġɫ鹹ɷֱȽϴ󣬲ûзḻľҴ첻ôʵĶҸ㽨飬ҿԸǿܻ̱ܳ
ⷬ˵оݡ
Եͷ˼
ֵҪ¸ĸһЩ˴ŵǵǿԵġ
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һ㺫յԸΪ֪ѵĵطҲǴӺģĻǺһŸոճã߲壬Ҳ
ʵҸôһأ
㲻ɴ˵㴴ˡտЦҾͰĪˣֻܼĸԼȥˡ
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Ҫȥ϶Ҫ˵ģҿЩͬмҵĸ˶ǳˣǾЩ˺ƻǱǵԺȻ
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ЦֻҪͷˣһᾡ㿴еļֵ


220 вʹڶ
նǮĿһֱǷǳƳ֮󣬾͸ˣΪٶǮҲû̫ãһͻͳεķ⽨ᣬٶǮ㻹һЩҪ㣬ǸһֻƵá
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ȻĿĲһ֣лѡźգΪոһͼһжԶЭ飬ֵһģϾյķ¥ǳɹ
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ͬҲˣҪľǼ㻹ôҵ˼룬ºٴһ죬ҲûйͰ·ҪЩ˵˼룬ĳɱԶԶ˹ɱӳԶԾǹӶƸ
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221 ɼа
ϣ㵹ǵȵѽô찡
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ȥɣǵðЩ


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ҾͲ֪ˣûǽȥ¥ġ



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֣һ㶣漴ǺЦǰԵˣҲûȫźתʵˣҵһ䣿
ʲôҵģǣˣúƽϡָұмһԺǾ̣ʱｫΪȫһ̡
֣оĿȥλΪ⣬ЦֱͷڶںҵĲȫŷˣںܶ˿ǳѸ㶨£ںУ׾١ֵǱҲеĲˣʲôʱȥ
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֪ҵ飬Ҳûȥˡ
ʱɫĻ
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ֻһ߿Ľ


222 Ц˲
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¹ڿһһ㶵ģ̨ɶĶûУ߯רҵһҲܲա
ɹʱֻ̨߳һԣ䲻жϣһƼѿĺ룬ͷϱһòһȣŽµбžһǷģ
еǶ滪
ƣơ
ʱһŮ׷˳ģ˵Ǻÿֻ˵ر
Ůƣ㲻ø˳Ǻ϶һŮ澣˵׻òǺ϶ˣǳԺ󣬾ЩƫˣֻΪū澣˶ˣȽϱߡ
Ǻȴһ۾ѡһʺϵˣ໬ϲ㣬ϾƳŵĺܣԷ¥Ĵ󻨿Ψаǡ
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Ͼ飬Ҳô⡣
滪˵㻹˽𣬻ҽдءܰĺбˣܰ˵ĺƻˣܰѼ˺ƴˣܰСڹͦãҸƷֱˡգһ˫ܸȳˣ
˲⡰ơ˼ͬʱҲЦиڴҪνոȥ
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ֻһСֶһͷٵë¿̨ұ˳¿һ֪ǼٵģҲһ֪¿ɵģһľͷļӣ¿Ƥģ
Сֶܵܡ
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Ҳǵһֽɫˡ
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ãáá
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ܱһˣæÿ￪ʼɹˣⲻǹ°ɡ
յûйǵô࣬æǰ꣬˫ֽס˸ϣ͵°ڶ
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ʵͰǰݲ˲ţ˷׷׵ͷԵĴ뻳УҪϣ鲻Խͻ԰
ȵһ֮󣬺ͻȻ֣ܵܡ滪ƶվ̨Ϸ㶣вʹ˸ƣǼݣǻܷȥﻹǴġ
Ϊ̨¾ǱϣӰ̨Ա״̬
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223 
ôһ˵ҲŷӦ
Ǳǳšɫģ³Ļ̫ˣǶ⡶ɫСƷʱǶǸеǳʧ䣬ûп񫡣
ڻСɫڣֱ÷ǳڴϾĿɶϻԣǿɶǡɫǳʵķ˿
˵֮ȥˣΪ֪棬һᱻȥûлشЩ뷨
С֣̫ɰˣһЦ
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С֣ԡ

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ܵúյַˣҿɲΪʲôֻҪҿģҾͿġ
˵տʼֻеģԼҵôһ̿ʼǴϲСƷΪҵЦõǰδе㣬ڴã˳ҵԼ·
ЦŵͷͻȻվһߵĶ滪ƣУıҲ൱رǸղͻ㴦ķǳãǵһ̨ݳܺãܺáƣҲǳҵԤƣҲǳϣŬ
ллСոĿ佱
Ҳϲʤգһɨա
ǶԭֻǱ֮ˣرƣֻһŮ澶ѣòѣƫƫǳһ˵棬еԱţδҲڴ
ͻȻֽСҰ§˹ٺٵСҰզ벻ȥݣ
СҰֱҡͷҲݡ
СӣСҰȥݣСҰֻԼøӿһЩΪСҰȻǰöˣԵЩƧСȥ棬ûͶ滪ǳΪѡ
ҲֻǸеЩΣҲǿСҰףζأ
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ܵͻȻ磬Ҳ·ɣҿɲС˵ֱҡֵԴ
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ϣҵѽ
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ţǺ«Ǻóԡ
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޾ĻҲ࣬СŮװ磬һϮΪɵİȹٲֱױݣԵ÷ǳ죬ףһ㡣
ںУװ粻ѼҪ֪ķΡͶٷģΪ׷ѤЧƳûβ裬ΪͷɢҲֻؤƦӡ
ôŪ˵ϲƳķ͡·ҪȥıҲ˵ľһãиֻϲɵķǽͷһ棬ˣҲԵúȤϣܹעһЩµĶҪľһɵķ󵨳Ըı䡣
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ֻǶ˼򵥵⣬һǳĸ߳ǴѾõġ
رǿܷǴ޾Ķͷʱ
ȫʱˣȲһ߹һ
˵Ƴţû˸ôǰǣ⻭вžгˡ
վں̨ͼһеĺգЩһЩòȻѽ
ֽܷɺʹ޾һСũ棬ʼ˷ʼʱ򣬷ǳۣеѽǲΣֻعʵհһξ飬ҲǸѣֻ׷Ҳ˷ԡ
ûǮûȴһӵܷɣȻÿصĳ·Ҳ࣬ҪôȥūҪôܷɹѡҲҲбǮѽ
ڿҲͦżģԼҲڰܷ취ǳĬѾߴңǲûʲôð취
Ƶܷ߿żũűصʱȻϲͻȥӣ˵뵽취׬Ǯˡ
޾ʲô취
ܷ˵ҪһָΪȽ硣
˻һȫһƬѻȸ˫ۣϳ֮ɫ
ʱ򣬺첼


224 ǰ׳
ʵѾϰ˷¥񹲷ߵˣеǣľɵҲ̫ղ
ǽղͬʳΪ죬ƳһСũ۷һ̨ǼѾΪȽˣҲΪձ磬ܷ˵ܴΪȽ磬Ǽ٣ģǻˣǴѽ
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ֻڵһŷˣ֣СԪһԼΥ¶ĴС
Ԫһһӷϣһģ䣬һף죬˷ţĲ˵ȤȤǳӲóԣŻͦġ
֣пֱۣ˫Ŀ΢գ۲Ϊӣ˼
Ա϶ѾĿˣΨԵúǳƣԪһһ˵ͣ
ң˵ǳǺ˽ǵģǲģ
ԪһһֽԱǰȫɨ˹ϻǵѯʣƺڸԼ͵Ĳ
Դ޶ԣָֻڹдһ֡
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Ԫһһ߳ӣһߵͷջǰСˡУղôСƷôЦô
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ԪһæͲˡ˱Ƚݣ͸һɡ
תͷԪһﻹһֻꡣ
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еͷЦ˰ɣɡ
ţѽ
Ԫһ㻹˵һ㣬һͦСӵģ˼ôŷˣ¥źüΣÿοŶиˣǹա
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Цŵͷֵʲôʱģ
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֣һЦǺǵҶŶӣͱߣǼҲѵþ۾ۡ
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Ԫһߵ˾ǹˣͻЩ¡
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ԪһȵҲǸʲôѽ
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Ԫһŭ
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ӵͷԷ飬үүһġ

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֣Цǿɲһ
кĪѾˡ
˵֣ҡҡͷǣ洫ôòΪʵõ¥ȥ𡣡
ӵʹ˫Ŀͷ
еȻһЦҲû


225 ϸھɰ
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һ궯У߳ڱܱ߻Ųٱ»
жǳ޼ɣҧ𣬻һλͱȳ޼С꣬ʮɫŨ룬Ե÷ǳĿ絶һֲŭǵ
ݿǷǳѽг޼ɺǸ󳼣ҧҲǿڴƾϵһǵ¸ء
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һλκֱרԵģһǳĳҳ֣Ƕ˿϶벻ǡСˡ
ԭΪѧԳдҳϣ׸ޣƩˣԼ
˭뵽Сһ˵ġ
ҧֵƣƫǼӣⲻˡ
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Ͼֱģ˵ż
ҧҲһԿǸͷһʲô
޼ɵųҧƥ򡪡
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˵պСܴΪʵõ𣿡
ҧһʲôϡģ뵱˼һСũˣΣң¿ճǼƣ˵ˣǲκξ棬ֽ˼һũΪȽȴɹҲǹա
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޼ɵͷֵӹԽκﶼڽҴƵҲԶʤڱκ磬չģǽգաҿСҲ޵ķʸȻô˵϶ͻԭ򡣡
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ԵЩΣһụ̃Ūȴлɣȷǳ֣΢΢Ƴ۳ҧ𣬵ԸĪҪǰһˡ
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޼ǵҲûн飬˽ȥվŵ̫ӵɶǵóУ쾭£ӿɲڳ޼ǰ棬Ϊǲܵ¡Ŷˣֻûע⵽һˣΪⲢҪ
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һӵܾͽסһƣѯʵǽղСƷô
ǻƴѾݹˡ
ûпѽ
⡪ҾͲ֪ˡ

ԭЩӵ˵¥ˣǶԹֵ֣ķǳм¥Ҳл磬ΪλҪȥĶǺӵܡȴû뵽շ¥ƳһֿЦ˵Ļ磬ɫ滹ᵽһȽ硣
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ǺǣЩ쵰ϻڷ¥ôţ֪˰ɡ
նں̨ǰ˿ţֺǺǵЦ
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ݸǿҪ
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ҡҡͷ˹˭£Ҳͻ£ٽһɣȻǱģҲ
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һίΪնˣվͲ뿴ˣʴ˾ûаš
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ҷ׷壬ҪСƷ
˼ϣȴɣɣȻǿģǿСƷôѽ
ⲻǷǳ򵥵ļӪˡ
һղŴ˴ƣôȰ漴ж벻λϲСƷ
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Եͷǲûзκ


úһٶ̨ϣЦλѾ׵ˣһұ͵СˡڹۿСƷʱмǲҪԶΪСƷǸҴֵģһЦһ߳ԶĻܻܿʹʳ￨סʳܣǳΣգҾСһ㡣˵ҶѾ˵ˣзκ⣬СŲ𡣡
⻰˵꣬ʾ̧˳ȰƵ˵
˶ףû˾Ҳ̫ˡ
ȡ裡
ԪһһмԸҲŲˡ
֣еյȷ⣬ҿۿġ
ԪһСѣѵʱһ˳ԶôΪʲôƫƫסˣ͵ñ߳Ա߿Ȥ
֣мôţҲ˵ˡ
̨ϹۿҲԸоȣСƷѵľôЦ
ҧ˵ҼС˵иЦñӿסˣûˣҿհʱȡ˳
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˺һ첼𣬴ҷ׷ֱ壬ڴ̨ϣΨһڴ
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ɲƺģǵµĹںġ
漸һûģЩЦһͷˮôЦģû˵
ܿǾˣʼ滪ƵĶԻǵЦ
СֵĳǸӲˣСһ仰û˵ƾһһȻЦ˶ʹԼĴȣ·͸ı˵Ƶãͣ


226 ԯ
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ͣ
ЦϣŵĶţ֮ŵĳ̶ȣĿࡣ

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֪ʱһŴԪһԪһĺ󱳣Ԫһ˶ǻģˣֱǰԵȥһˤڵϣȿȿȣ
һ޿ȣֻһټӴй˳
Ԫһ·һһͷܵһ£ţ˭ҡ
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ѽ
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СƷˣûκһ뿪ΪڡɫܷɾܷΪȽǷܹʵʹأ
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ԼĪʱ䣬̰첼
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һΪܷɡͣһΪ硣
޼ɡվ̨ϣھ̫ԶˣʵǿǴʽ뵱ȷ಻֮ͬ

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ԯ磬ʵԯƳ˷ģǳƳкڣڻúֱԯ磬ǳأܲﵹãСĻɾͲˣԯҪһЩ֮ܶǸȽһЩȫȣʷҲԯȡֱԯ硣
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绹
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֪УҲȻܷɵķԯܿ;˹ٸǰһ̸֮Ҫȥٸæ
ܷ˼ι˵֮Ժ󣬺첼
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ԪһҲ֣Ͳˬգƫƫÿ
΢΢ЦԪִԲӣ鼮ͨģȥҲ֪ôˣΪյԭ򡣡


첼ʱվ̨ϡ
Сո硣
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ζֱҡͷһҲۡ
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227 
ʱ֣СӣԪһҲϵˡ
գ㷢ģ
޼ɲûиȥۿ磬ʵ
չֵع˹ĻСġ
ҧСӣũ
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⵱Ȼǿ䰡ũĵλҪԶԶڿ¥ġ
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ȻаǲУҸóôɲô˵պǵ͵ΪСҲûԹʴ˲֪вУù֪
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ǱߵͻȻͷתͷһԴºգһĨȣ޷ҲǶԺյ͸еȶѣǺգ
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ԯһָԯֳִȻȽȽȱ鶯̫ڱأģϴﵹԣСʹáԯʹܱСᣬڻתʡҪͷţֻҪһͷţ
޼ָһʲô

ս͵һȥĲʹǳȣӦиǳĲͬҪ
޼ź룬ͷЦ
ֵҿҲǰĴһ
ǹ۲ϸС
һƨڿԽƵһԣǰܹ飬۶ϲݸȶžӲݵֿɽӲݱΪϡ˵ֵ⣬һԯĩ瘄ţ瘄תǰȣˡװҲΪ˸ϼԦţ泤ֱԯţȿԣֿԱţľԯĦˡ
һͷȻһֱǿûù֪ɲУ㶼˵ôϸˣɲл֪ô
ǺǵҴư֮
޼Ҳǵ˵ͷ
ƿСũõ۷壬κһũߵĸ죬ڴƶԣֵӵġΪȫµİնһĶܶһʯʳôĿǲ׺ӵġ
ڿһԽԽ⣬Ƭֻ̣عͷźգ⵱ģ
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ʵһ˵ǺͿǺõˣΪΪԼĲȥ֤ʲôɵӿ첻ǹŷТΪȣһƬТģɾΪһ⻷ҲԲǵΡ
Ҳûôȥ佱գԸˣУȥˣǲǿ޼ɡ
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պǺЦ˼
ʵС磬Ĵ㽫һټ͸ô
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΢΢һ㶡
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յȻΪӭϻѽҲȡСܷ硯ġ
ǺС㷢ģΪβк磬ԣ񲻸á
պǺǵ֪˼ǣк磬ЧԶܷ硣ǵ֮ҪȥӻӰҾܷ磬ҵҲŴǡ뿴һ볤ʱְնֵ磬ǿܻǰѯʣȵһ䣬϶ʲô磿ô˵
Ȼܷ磬ҿ϶˵ܷ硣
ֵǶԷˣ϶ֻʣܷһô
룬һ˵Ӧǰɣ
ǶԷֿ϶ֻʣӦǣ˻
ұ˵ܷǻ硶ɫǡ
յ˲֪磬϶ֻʣ⻰ʲôô϶ֻὫ⻰ܸԷп϶¥Է֮󣬿϶ͻ֪粢ܷˣô϶ͻ׷ʣô϶ͻ˵ҵ֣һա¥硢ɫȹؼʶ֣
һһĹ£һǵģһĹ¿ԴǧҪǵһ磬Դֵ︡ĲһǱĹ£Ҫڳ֮͢ǰƳ磬Ϊ˽綨Ϊܷ硣
𡢲Ŀɿڴû뵽һֵıȻ˶ѧʡ


228 
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ϽһƬҰ緵࣬һޱߣ·ɫĲˣʮˡ
ׯں䣬ڵͶţҲǲǴ˵ľɫ
ȻƬҰ棬ׯں⣬ԭǲܳʿֻһлվߣе룬ǰ滹վˣԲŲӣżǰǿ鷽Сּһׯںһͷţڸء
ׯںأǳȴ÷ǳרעĿл͸Ρ
ˣܱߵׯںҲͣеĻߡ
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һԱǰ䣬㿴Ǳߡָߡ
תͷһֻͬ˸űصͷţڸأһСҲ߶ѾˣǱȴֻһ룬Ȼȴ
գ鲻ԽĿĴЦ
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Ȼ׶ģ˿϶ֹһˣֻȵȵãܿһټܷˣ쵽ܷİգĿᣬ⺫лƺһδũߡ
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յԵֶ档ǶҪԷģũ򶼸ˣ˭ʳǱΪһйũļӦüռԴĲֻũԣˣǵŻԽԽãǾǵĸͬҲǴƵĸӦҪľά
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һգ˳ϽһɲΪ£վͺ֣Լˣ档
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һ㣬շǳͬΪ·ֻһĵطҪֱԿͻ㽫·ڳڣ̫ˣĲ㣬ͱڳˡ
ԼĪʱһӱߣֻӱһԺܱ߻ǳģ濴ǳɣƳûģ׷ľǺΰɣƺЩˡ
֣ԣⱾԪҵķԪҵ˶ס԰ȥˣԺҲͿˣԪһġ
յͷǾ˵㣬ǵλû
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֣еͷǰⲻѾɨɾôһ΢һ·ỹҪװĸûʰɡ

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ˣˣֻһӣһˣҪ̫ˡһЦɣǳȥߣһһ˵ҿ·ʵû˵ŶҾ⸽ķ羰
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羰ǲ·Щ˷ѡ
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230 
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֣һˣʮּΪҵˮƽѾƿҲΪʲôһһֱûͻƣһϯжȻһԭ⻹ôֵ֮֮С磬ôôõķӵģ
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֣еͷô˵ûɸأѵͰ
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ͬԣũÿ춼ڸɻҪķװʵõģҲΪʲôҴưնϲխ£Ϊ·ʵãڸɻ䳤ȻÿǸ˵ϰԴģƮݡ鶯ÿһһ͸ŸţũҪţҪָʳ
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ȷҲҪгŮ˼ֱٿȫ飬ʲôûӣĸףģֻΪҪᣬͺñЩŮרŵĲ÷·
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ȻгԽǧʷԴҲô󣬶Щ֪ʶԽǧ꣬һӦڵҪ˰Ѿ硢ݵȵרҵ˲ţĲһڷܵˣеϣܶܶұۣˡ
֣еͷӦˡѰ˼ţԼҲҪ˽ǡ
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յЩʿֲ֯Ҿ÷ǳǴƺ񻹲ûֲҵֲһָõĲϣ·ǷǳҪġ
֣еͷײ뻳УУȥһ¡
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նǵǺԶٽǣشֿλ÷ǳַܻǳɽˮܱ߻вٴ䣬Ψһû˾ס첽ǰˮһɫһˮɲһĴѽʮĶңӿݵģˮ
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֣еҲҪҪѽǳˮ˭˻򣬿˼ҲںЩ˵ţͻȻɵ˺һۣС磬㲻Ҫذɡ

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һߣվҡͷԵģҲǴˣʲôֺã㷿زˬѽߣյͣһһǷӶܷƵʱǲðҲ֪֣ûпǼһǮˣһ֪ˣ˵⡣


231 Ե
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Ԫһһ⻰壬СԪĵһۡ
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ԪĵͷС⻰Ҳҽ˵ĿģҿԽһ԰ӣŶҲȡͬȵǮƣǰܵġ
Ĺ󸾡ǧ𶼺뿴⻰磬ƽ治ʺŮȥһֱŵģԪĵͬҲˣ˵⻰磬⻰羿ΣҲûм
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ԪĵˬĿԪһ̹ԹԵı뺫յ㾿˵ʲô
ֻгˡ΢΢һ̾λʵһֱһΰ롣


233 ô
治֪ѩ⻰θ롣
۹
Ԫһ˺հΣͻȻЦԼĴȣǶŵģͣ
ʲô˼
ֵշˣֻԪһЦбһһ顣
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ԪӣΪЦô֣˵ҲýҿĿġ˵ʱһֱڳ鴤ţҪǴùʹˣʲôӵġ
Ԫһһ¥ģ̸ʲôΰ룬ⲻЦô۹
˾ǴˣӲһʶԪĵ
ԪĵͷС˵ĺе

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մͷɥðɣͰ˵İɣַңŶ԰ӵĵַңҶԣ׬Ǯ׬ν
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͡
Ԫһ˵֣ͱԪĵ˻ȥյΪѾЦˣβ˵
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ȿȡ
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յԪӵĿԣǴǷ¥ĽǶ˵Ȼ׷ǹƽƽȣôκһ˶ˣŮˣˣǶӦƽȶԴǼȻӴˣôͱӴŮˣһ㶼޷ǻ̸ʲôƽƽȣ
Ԫһû˵ĵǼ򵥣ѵҹùЩһŶӣ
ԼҲǳ˺ò΢ЦȻǣǳ֮⣬Ҳа취ƽƽȡ
ԪĵԸꡣ
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ɶʲôһ죬Ůһ죿ԪһƵ
յҲ˵ÿµĵ˿ţһ߾ţ˫ǶŮ˿šģֻҪ˫գ˼⣬Ҳ̨ϷģԼ£ȫŮˣС̵ĵҡ
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ң׬ǮһǮһˣΪʲôΪ˹ƽƽȣر֤˭˶ֻǵ԰ݣôܿ⻰ҲֻһСȺŮ˶ѣкܶŮ˲ܿڱϸûκʵΪһ㣬ҼеĻΪþÿ˶磬һڲ趼Ȳˡ
⻰䣬Ԫӣˡ
ֻڵĲ裬һЦ˽
˱Ƕһž֪Ǻò衣

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ԣʵԪĵûκιϵǺյļƻ
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Ԫһ˼ĵͷȻȽϳ嶯绹ǷϳӵԣС
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ЦʱԪӾ֪ˡ
Ԫһбۺգôأ
Ԫĵ΢΢üҴҵЩΪʿ䣿
Ԫһ̵ɲС
⵱ȻСպǺһЦ˵ĵ㲻ӦӦܴϾǵĳ϶׼ġҲԷģһһǳˣʱκֹĵֻ農ǰۿˣľͲǲġ
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ճڣԪĵȵáҾһء˵žվ
ŮˣҲǹ˵ģ̵¼кβɣǼǮհһ䡣
ԪһæùãҪôȥ
Ԫĵȳȥ
Ԫһһ
ղûЦǱӦѽ
ţ
Сҵȹù㡣
Ԫһ˳ȥ˳ֻŸˡ
ԪĵСһֱӡ
˵һ룬һ󼱴ٵĽŲԶȥ


234 Ǿû
ĵļҽ̻ϰ
ֺǺЦţƺЩֻǵԪĵعʱʱЩԼƺЩ˹ͷˡ
Ƭ̣Ԫĵ˵㻹Ʊ磬ͰСƭͷת򡣡
ڨڨĵˣƭԪӣ˵ñʵѵĵﲻôΪ𣿡
Ԫĵһ㶣룬СӻǽƻСȻЩԹʵȷ͵ҵ˿ذף壬ҵ˿ȥ㰹֣ҿɻǼŵġ
˵Ů˰ǳ⻰ûæֻһᣬʱʱֻǡ
ԪĵֻΪгͷ
ûĬˡ
ԪĵߵǴУ׷Ź㡣
ϣ⻰ЩŶհԵѵĵǴеӣ
е˵һΡԪĵ˫ĿԲǰһӿ
û۰ձεһ㶣漴ϽǸǸ˵ˡ
ԪĵһֻжԹȣǵĶԹδ˽ǰҲֶѡ
˵ŵ˼Сĸͨͨһŵ㣬ҪȥĴָĵ˽Ůص壬ֱˬ
ԪĵòŹάңҲ̫ˣӦȵ˴Уҡ㵱Ϊ˹Ϊʵϣڴ˫˫ţ˹ҲΪ㣬Ԫ˺ƤֻǴСӽȥˣмôҪ㣬һĴ㡣ʤ㡣
Ǿ仰նǳͬΪʼǱƽ񣬶ǡǡһݵ̫ˣǳ̣Цʵ˻
ԪĵΪд޼ںһ㣬Ҳ޷䲻һκιʧء
ЦǾĿԴɡ
Ԫĵƺͦŵģ
ҡͷ޹ţֻغϡ
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Ԫĵ˵ǰ棬ҲĲ㡣
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ԪĵȻˣҾߡ
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ԪĵͷֵҿԴӦ㣬һ
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Ԫĵ΢΢۵ٴ͵һ˿ɹˣұӦ㡣

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Ԫĵҧгݵ͵һΡ
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ԪĵҲ㴩Ϊ㴩ҲϵģһĨЦݣȥˡ
յŶĵߡ
ԪĵԺӣԿĵССԪĵóѡ˵ţһ죬ͻȻ͵һһʱޱΣ⡪ôܣ

ҺջӣδҪ󡣡һĻЦʳָϷɿתһ鵭ɫ˿ˣŮѵûֻôǺǣ̫ˣ֪´᲻ȥ͵ĶǶҪĻȡ£ǶôѽһûнФƣⶼ㰡
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˵ſܺܶ˲֪˵Ůǹƾ֪ˣҲһŮŵĳŮǱʺŮƳԪʺҲƸԨĸŮǴĶ٤ޣĵ֮ޣ峯׻ʺ󣬿νǻʺ尡
⣬ƳпգҲһʿͳ˧գʿҲǳе¡
ϵǸӰһ̾Ҳһò绨ӣͷȴһУҴôȫǶţҪҸŮ˵Ͼ߸˿ʱû˭أ

һ̧ͷ룬ٵȵȰɣ
ȴûע⵽СʵС磬ôʶĵӵģ
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ѵԪݻ磿Դһ˿
ǵġ
յͷҾܾˡ
𼤶ΪʲôԪҿǷǳǮġ
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ΪƸ񣿡
շŰ۵ƸǡǣţԼȥݸǿҲ˵ҴŪŮճ
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Ҳ˵ĳЩضӣǷ¥ֻΪŮṩ񡣡
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Ҫǰ˿϶Ϊǻѣٹؼжؼ
Դܷ֮󣬿ûôˡ
˵ܷ罫ıƸNΡ
ָҲⷽ档
ܷɾܾļһǳҪ۵㣬Ҳ٣ͬҲ츣գҲһֱΪŬŬķ޷ǻũҵ
ôҲ˵ܷɻǼΪȽũ
Ǹݺյԣᷢڽա
ڽսβ˵ܷΪܵĴ޾һܸΪ֯Ȼ󡪡ûȻˡ

ȫڿǺ첼ʱ
ò˵⻰˷ȥ
ǱһһˣΪ֮ǰܷѾȡ˷ǳĳɹ֯Ҫ֪þƾŸ֧֯ģκιĸĽǳӣȻֻǶڹߵӣǶԷߵӡ
ϢٽƬ̣Ѿ
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ڶգѾǱˣƽ
ӣǰסˡ
סأд˭Ҷ±ӵ·ۣ⡪ôô˰

ôˣôȥ

ЩΪŶӱɰĵĹӵܣȵٽƽʱʱɵˡ
ֻ·ããˣҶ붼ũΪ֯ҲͰϢϢصģȻ֪Լ϶ȥҲڵһʱ֪ϢǾ͸ϵȺ
ͼȥ
ƽѾˡ

Ǳ̵ϰ壬ԼȥСݣķǳǣЩ˻᲻ὫӸˡ
׬Ǯˣ˼ҶʼƱˣž͵øǮʮǮһˣǺսôģû취̫ˣôԵô¥ûôˡ
ȻҲһЩåûŶӡ
¥ԺĴڣԵ÷ǳࡣ
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һ̾˹ʵɫһξ飬ǷСϵģСҲʲôᣬã˸еǳգСգһȽϼ򵥵֯ʹá
޼һ㶣ϻ˵Ϊ㸸ףΪӣ
΢΢ü˵֯һˡ
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յС֪
޼ɰڰ֣յ¹غӦ֪ǣ
մ׵Сˡ
ǳһؾͲƽˣ㣬˽Ҫֵ֯пɻ¹ߡ
յ䣬еĻӦΣ
Ȼ̽賯͢
˹ڣҡͷǾûˡ


235 
ѻ˵ˣѾ˵޴ˣֱṵ̂
֣Сӵ˽Ǵһ⺫սôأ
ɲģϾŵˣǷվͿܻҷ
һ£·ˣָźգŭȵСӺôĵӣϷŪϷ򡣡
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շǳϵ˵ģˣеĻСԸ˶ϡ
⻰˵Ҳǲء
á
ͷ͵һ룬⻰ǲѽƵʲôأ˻Ǻ⣿
յСֻ˵С񲻸䡣
⻹֣Сͬʱͷ
޼΢΢ۺգû漴ʹ·Ѿ붨ˡ
Сӷǹġ
С񲻸ҡأԵͷ˵
㡪úúãͲƷСӡ
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֣СͬʱüͷĿжʵǲ⺫Ϊʲôôûղžͱô˵Ҳܻģ⻰ʵ˵ģƫƫհŪ˸ӣ⡣
ԴҲΪֻܸżҲеڶ֣Ψһһģ˻ʵ⣬ֻϵĳ޼ɡ
أ̩ɽվһá

һֱĬĳ޼ڳˣƣϢŭ㶼ˣŸС޶ʧݡ
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޼ɸһЦСӣˣУϷΪʮ꣬Ҳһظ㼤ˣ˵ɣ˵ɣ֪׼һӻҪ˵
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ũ°գ͢Ȼգ˴СȻΪȣֻԼ档
ҪںշǵһŴ˵ĻǵΪ֮£Ī֮Ī֮һʼû˵Ͻɳֻ͢ûмʱϽɶѣҪôĻôҲܳκʽũˣ¥ǲܵˡ
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ع˹ĻСǽƱ硣
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յС˵ΪЩũߣСûôΰôʹСЩʽũߵԭ򣬳Сĸ׺ӣоǷ¥ԼķչСȻϣܹͨЩʽũߣ¥Լûø˵ͬЩʹȥʾ֭ȥһЩµũߣһʼСͱŽ²ȥµũߣС϶
ǣһͽʽũ׸͢ôҲûˣ˲ڴһҾʧȥ˴ĶҲܻõũΪ֪ҴҴκεĺôⲻСֻ֪̰ͼ棬ֻΪÿµķԭЩʽũ߲ƾðġ
ңСҲ֪Сʴһع⣬Ҿ̽ͼֽˡͬԣ޷Ϊпڷԣ˰Ӧõģ˽Ͷɹȫˣǻжȥڽ档
˶٣ֵС˵ġ͢ҪС񲻿ܲ˵СĸԸģҲǣΪСʧ޴С񸶳ôŬûеõСҪõ˻رڼˣҲˡ˵ܷ磬͢õ֮Ҳδ佱С䣬˭֪ܷڰգ̫˺ˣǿкηֱ𡣡
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ȻһյСĵӣ˵˴֮
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յ̫ʥϣǧ书˸񣬱ػʺʤһƾ㿪·һ㣬ǰ߾Ҳ°յİҪҲ֮УΪҪԣ
޼ԵͷЩݣҰҲѣ൱ģ˵ﵱȻʮָˣֻ
΢΢ü̫ʥϷһ£ԭһʱʣ˲ƣˮΪЩӵģӦȰ£ԽɽΪءкι
յС䶼ʥϵ񣬰˵Сĵλ࣬ӦҪС̫ʥϵĲ࣬Ŷǵõʱ仹δ䣬Ȼ䶼ðԣ̫ʥϵĹʧΪʲôСͲҳָĹʧأСɶѧϰ䰡


236 ͭ
һһƬž
֣򴽣ֺһۣ˴Ц⣬ͲûЦˡ
޼Ҳͷƫһߡ
ò˵һ䣬⻰˵̫ˣĵط⻰жôҶ˶
Ȼʷѽʹһʲôˣһֱϲ˱ۣǿ۸ļ鳼κһֻûκôͣôԭ
Ҫκ࣬ͲûˣκƼۣȺ֣κܲƼһɣҲֹһӵֱûзɹ
ǸʲôģרżһһУҪΪʱӦÿǵһʲôӡҲȰסҪ˵Ȱʵǿţ񲻳֮٣ͿҪô˵ųŶ
ֱԣǿ϶ʲôûΪǵָʵ۵Ĵ
ʵۺҲ¾ˡ
ҺΪգѧЩ󳼵ģѧһӸҾʵ۵ĹʧΪʲôͲҾĹʧ
Ŷָʵ۵ĹʧͿǨָĹʧҾ죬һ֮ѽ괫ȥ˼˵ԼǸֱôȼ鳼ѽ
⻰˵Ҷˡ
ҲӹǳƱ磬ƳֱһͭȽǼ᰸㲻ʲôΪ峯ֻͭǻʵʲô͸ʲôȤ˵ָҵĹʧ㣬Ҿкιʧ˵
ûˣʤľʹˣҲ˵λ𱰣뺫
Ҳ֪ΨһԷΪʤģǡʧһʡ
йʧˣΪն̫ʥϸ̧ﻹȥѹƺգֻܸսˣ˵ĹʧôǺɲСѽ
޿֣ΪѾһС񷽲Ѿ˵ˣ˾٣ǿ졣ﰵЦҾǿҺΡ
ߵҪ֯Ϊ²룬ͼҸܷ֮УĵٺãҲ츣һգɳ͢ƹĻ츣°գأ֪ҿ㻹Ϊ̰ͼ˽ʴ˰ٰ㲻Ը
֣öƵƵͷ
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Ҳ˵
Ѱ
֣СҲ뿴η
ͻȻ޼ɵʹ˹ͨҴɷҴɷ׫д֮һʹ˹ҴɷУһǳ츣һԶ˲Ʋ
ⳤ޼޶ˡ顷ɡҲǳ˲Դɷָƣ䣬ҡҡͷûС
УҲô˵
⻰һ˵꣬޼ͻȻӦ䡣
л˹档
չ֣ᣬЦеǣ޹أɷԲܷ粻ô˵СӦСģ޿ġǣҲΪ°룬Ҳȷȷʵʵ˶ȡСĲƲȻһ㣬͢ҲδԹ涨Ϳƾһ仰ȡ֮
гһգйԱС˵﷢֣ҪС񽫼аʳ֡С񲻽ĻͬҲ˵Ϊ츣գЩһڷͿܶһʳոҪߣǱһ٣˵Ҫ̣ȱپҪС񽻳ʣʳͬҲ˵Ϊ˱°գûԣҲһѣǱ°գӦȡ塣
˵һ⣬͢˰͢˵Ϊ°աСһ䣬СҲǰգСһնˣƾʲô˵ܹ°ա
ймҹ棬Ϊ䣬¾˲ʣ˹ɷǿΪȡ˵ͶɹȻ֮£һм֮ԶûУڹ˽ӦˣĹԱôǶЧ£ȡղƲʱǷңԵ̫ʥϵô
һ仰һ˵꣬µþǱ˴ϡ

޼ŭһͺϣǺ˵̫ˣûиᡣ
˵ˣҲȥˣС֪գЩС²죬ֻ֪ˣ֪ɼߣԷˣֻ׼ָ̫ʥϵĹʧ׼СָĹʧǶ̫ʥϣԵϵĴ󲻾
޼͵һӣȻָźյСǲ֪ߵغ񡣡
յʹ˹̫ʥϿиκ˵
޼ɺߵҲԼκȣﲹһ䣬˵
С񲢷ҪκȣֻС񲻷ѵҴƾֻ׼κһ˵滰ôվ
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޼ָźգǴӵۣʵղ֮ȳҲΪ˱գΪղźһͲûнɼ鳼ˣҪڣܾûлأȿڣȨ֪Ѿˣͼڣ˵ܲ
ӿö඼˳үүɲɵģܰѳ޼ˣָ
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޼ɵ˵ĵǼ򵥣㷽Ҳ˵ˣҳԣ·֮ãǮңض״С鷳
յǾܹ֮䵱Ǯңԭ˶벻ǾֵǲܺԭļֵһζĽǮңֻʵ䷴Ҷĳߴ磬ҽгһܸӷḻǮңǰǵĹ淶


240 Ӹ
ƳеǮвԣҲǾҲһֻңΪƳϸ涨˾ĳߴ硢ȣԼгȵĶһʽһƥǳͨľһʮǮңϵ޳УǾ൱ˣЩҪüǮһƥϵ˿أڽףΪļֵߡ
ȻǮңǱͳһԣߴ޶ģߴôͲüƼˣгͻᷢҡ
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淶һֳߴľѾǳˣοǹ淶ֳߴ硣
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޼ɻȻǰһֺܼͣãһľͷǾͷˡЦ׼
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241 ԱȺ
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ǳ޼ɻΪǿһԵģЩԱҪǶ֯֯Ĳм飬ߴԲԣԼѯһǷƶƻ
ڶߴ粼ƥ͢ٶʱھ;뻹þԺ۵ֻ֯һֳߴ磬ɶߴ绯
ڼ겼ƥ󣬹Աʽģճ֯˰ǮǱҪġ
˰Ǯ¥ǳԻԱͳһ˰Ұ԰סڵԣѾõĸˣûκѹ
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뵱Щɶ÷ӣðɫ׬һʣ˶ӣΪСһֱǺеʹȻΪСǮôõ̻Ȼû뵽ڴԽ߶ԣǲ̵ģǺԵƳˡáһɱУ⡮áǸݺ˹ġ
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ԪĵԺһ仰ۡ


247 ǿֵ֯
ΪԪҵŮԲιҲԲộǲܲ
ȻƳҵԭʼ̬Ԫǳĸ֣¢˳ˮˣԼʻǻӵӴĵزΪԪҵŮҪôЩʲ
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һٶʮǮһһķڸͨգǷǳ׽ܵˣûκѹ
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𰸺ܿͽˣֻ˽һ̨̧֯ⲼһƿұǼ֯һܾͼ򵥵ĶˣҲҪСֱܶ࣬۵ĸоûӣȻҲҪ̧
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248 Ů֮

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ҪĿĻΪ츣գ϶ҪƳһЧʲҷǳ۵ֻ֯ƳһĻôҲ٣Ϳ٣ҲԲѽĿǰһǮˣֿһЩȥ׬ȡ˵Ǯ
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ںȻԼֻǳһźһӽҪ˵˽ŮˣǱȲƤ죬ϾƤһǳţѧң۲ϸ΢Ů΢һ֪ԷҪʲôֻԸˣֺɵѧңֺܡáĸ߲ʴ˲ŸճΪͬ
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250 ΪŮ˴һȴ
Ȼǰ˵˽Ů˵ˣŮŵԶŮˣΪŮ˶˵ĻɣҲģ͸˿õŮһġ
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Ҳ֪ЩŮ˻ȥ֮һǵ˵壬壬ȵռ̸֮壬ͻŮնġ
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ۣ34DûˡչȵĵӣôأҶ˶ôʲôˣˣ˺ܴĺܣ˶Ҳ߱˵ģģҾ˵͵˵ġ


258 Ѱ
޳ܵˣԪĵ̫ˣô޳ֽթģǵһؼ
ǰԭҺ˵ģտȴû뵽ⶼûпڣȴǵһҡ
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⻰Ҳ٣ʵҪ׬ǮĻʲôԼҾΪڵҵ̫ˣƨҲ׬Ǯôݻ棬¢ˣͦûģΪʱᣬǮֻζǮ˶ѡ
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վһ˳ǵȻɿˣָеҲֵһٹᣬǡǻˣҸǮȴԾȣĴ󻨿Ȼ涼ҪôǮԸȥչˡ
ǷԼ΢΢˺һۣ˵ʲôŮ֮ѣôԸŮ˵ô
ЦҪǸŮ֮ѣڻվôѾſˡ˶٣ֵ˵ɣΪʲôҪô
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ǵĸױǴ˼ҵŮһˣҲǹǵĸ׸ƭӣδǵĸŵþˣĸҲ˳ò׻ֺǣҽ黭ΪĸһƯĸҲ¹ǱƭǴС͸ɴİˣܽɴ
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ôһžϣ˭ܹһ̺ۣԴĿİ
ͬʱҲϧѡ
ƺѾԤϵշӦͷɫȻΪʲôǴɴԵʡ
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ǹŹֵۺգԼġ

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ûг޼ɣԴ޼ҵ΢ץյһѱκأλ̫ˡ
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⻰ʵĺ˼Ҳ˵Ǻֱӣ֪޼ɸ˵ЩȻǰĿˣļҰչˣ϶õļֵ
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ڽǵؽ磬ϣؼʲôҲ²̫üȻؼҿ¾ͺѳͷˣּô˺գ϶׷Źġ
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284 һҲ
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Ԫһʦԣǲ֪С̫ɶˣĲ
ˣԪһҲû׷ȥ



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285 ʳ
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ʱѾˣΪŶظ˱̵ڱʽǰһΪȡƱƵģõȵ깬֮󣬲Ż㣬ϾҲЩеûġ

ȻնڻԶԣǱϲ죬СƷǻ֣춼Цˣǽյġɫɾô޷ЦˣΪĴ޼Ѿܷɺʹ޾һıݡ
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ڶգճѵϢĹȥһ··ԱǣŬļũⶼǺܼ򵥵ĶҲдķǳϸŪãûбҪˡͷ¶ǿģٶҲҲֻһһⶫǼġ
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ЦҡҡͷһƭȥԵף治֪˼ôġ


300 ŵĴ
Ϊô˰Ǩ깬Ҫ̫ˣΣҲЩƣʴ˲ûмȺϢ֮󣬲ٿ깬״ᡣ
صƵ
ΪƳǽģʴ󳼶ϰϻϻȥʱҲ̫㣬Ͼ⹬ɽϵģʴʱͰһʱ䣬з˳һŪˡ
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Ҳ˵һǣͬŮͳһ硢棬еľǰ档
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ΪҲ͢˷飬ǶҲֻţûȻ˼Һգһũͥĺӣһ㣬͸׷Լİ飬ΣָΪԼİŮˣ𷴻ԡ
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Ǿǰʺ󡢳޼ɣǰΡǣһǱҪ˵ΪһԵףҪλ͸ЩԵףǷģҲҪ


Ϊոյ깬ĻգиḶ́ʴҲûһȥ¾ϳô棬ûµĻ͵羰ʵЩҲˣҲ뵽ͼᣬ磬СƷ
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յͷ
Ԫĵ˵˵
Ц㿪Цɣ˵ˣǻʲô£Ǹı֣ûҰ
Ԫĵǿаסеϲãһô
ṩԭϣṩ
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ᡣ
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Ů˻ں̰Ǯյ⼼޼֮ʱȫҵǣǮǲѽǸֲһ֣ҿ˺Ǳˡ
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ԥ£漴ͷУ塣
˵ǿ˺ʵ治࣬ԪѵĺΪûרûʵԼļԪҿԱѽѾ¢Ϻܶ༼ںһ
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ʲôѧûж飬ѧⶼԴġ֪ܵ˵
ԪĵЩļʱʼ
룬ǵǻȥ˵ɡ
ԪĵͷҲԼЩļˣջΪʵ۱ݣпա
㽻̸һͻȻպԪĵͬʱ̧ͷȥֻŻղ֪ʱƮһơ
Ҫˡ
պԪĵͬʱ˵
ҵûȥˡ
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ۣѽҿԪĵһݾǵñ
ǰŸոսţǶͬӻǹӵһ㣬εδ
վԺǰԶǻããһƬֻΪ⿴ŸЩƣܼȶôͣΨһ𣬾ǲô֣Ծĺ
磬СҰ˵¶ѽ
ܵżϣ˫°ͣǰĴ꣬һˬı顣
СҰС֣
ܵҸղŶûгԱˡ
շŰ۵˳ԣܼʲô
ܵܺ룬˯СƷ

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һüͷҲûж룬Ͼ±꣬ˮƣҲǷǳġ


ѾҹˣҲͣ
ڴϷȥȴ˯ţԺ淴һɫȪԼǰɽʱƬΡ
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ͻȻ·ϣȼһѣߵԺſڣԺһ򿪣ȪǱȥɻֻߵһ룬;һŲˮǻһգɫһֻȪˮļţѾɫȪϻв
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ǽԵЩԥô꣬Ȫˮ϶ǣл൹Ҳɲ˵ɽҪˣһûбˣ
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⽫һ˾͵ɽ⻰ɲţһûɽ飬ǿɾҪˡ
ŭһɽ飬ܸ𡣡
ǽ˺һۣ΢һͻȻüԸȥǰĽʿó׼⣬˸Ͻȥѹˣ׼롣
ɽ⡪
ȥ

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ʵ۵ڹǰſʿ̵ǰ棬ǹԣʲôˣô޹
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վһֱסεĸ첲ҲЬûдãξͼȥϵķԸټ࣬ȥ̱³롣
Ÿڹ棬Ȼñɽϴ졣


305 ˭˵һӢ

Ȼߴ󣬵ŵδһ
ǺŽԿ׳ģǳʺСĶӣҲǵӣǰٰ۰ȥԼķأӵУΨûȥ
˻ʵ֮г޼˾һԱʴˣδС󣬾ûκΣգ۶ǳ٣ʵλԺȥģǰɴδʵۣҲδȥϾǰΪôҲֲ
Ϊ̫һ˳ˣҹУ̮ŵ겻ˡ
ҲһͬΣ̫ѣԽʱǹ;ð˳ץסεĸ첲οҪ£ɽһʱᵽ㹻Ĺ롣
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ͻȻӦҪǺգɾĿѾɽˣæתͷȥա
ǲ˻Ӧ
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깬һɽУԪҵĹ԰
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ֻʮŮͷɢĲķȥƺס滨еԪĵˣʱ̣ȻԱ˭˵˱ˡ
ڹڵԪĵҲѾ˹溰ɽˣŵҲֽƴܡ
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֮ʣһ͵һתͷֻһ˳˹Ӧͱһֱ۽ֳ˹ȥ

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ͻȻ͵𣬻ͷȥһƬڣͫ׿ʼŴ󣬴գա
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òԶ˵㣬ˣˣϵģҲ³˯
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ʱֿЦϲſʲô
ͷ̧㻹˼˵ˣҷֻǽȥɲǽҵͷ֪֪Ҳͱˡ
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ſһ˵ˣˣ趼ˣĵӣӦüʡ
ʵǼʵ⣬ԪĵҪһ㣬жᣬѰʱ򣬺շŻ治ܰ뱧Ԫĵô죬ϢƳǱһ˲䱬ںնԣİҲںüƾǱ
жͱ˸˸ԪĵӦüˡ


ţóԣóԣҵ۽ۻû˵Ϲժÿһô𣬺Ʒֵ
У۽ָ߸ϣһ۽ϵ֦һӰŶ˵
Ǻա
»һٻӰϣˣһЦ漴ŴԾˣôϻ
۽ҲУǵġ
Ƶҡͷû֦ҡڼ䣬˻ֶ۽Եǲ˵
ðΣԪĵͻȻʵգصҵô

㻰أ
۽ۣûապһ

ԪĵҧҧС
ֺǺһЦЦġʵҲ̫׳ˣҵȻģѲðɽ͵ҵ۽۳԰СҲ
ԪĵΪʲôҪң뺫յĹϵðΣ
һЦ˻ҪɵĻǻʲôʱ̣͸໥ģܾȾ;ȰɣСŶ⻹öɽǱڱɽϣҪǱ⸽ֻรˣУҿʱңһݾֱͨĻҲɴ˿ɼкñ
ԭڳε޹ɽǱߴ죬ͻȻԪĵΪСѾˣˣѦʹҲȥˣΨԪĵ⣬ΪӦøϵüʴˣ˹֪ͨԪĵϾԪĵҲѣԪĵ»ǽܾȾ;ȣ֪ɽ֮죬Ҫ
ڵ˵ÿʱû˿ɣҪƬ̣Ԫĵ¾ͱɽˡ
ô˵лл㣬Ҫ㣬ҿ¾ͱˮˡ
Ǳģҽܵлҵ۽ۡ
Ԫĵ΢΢һ㶣漴һЦ
Ȼһҹ紵
磬磡
Ԫĵһ£磬˫໥˱ʹһ˯˳ϵģֹǺġ

´һ̾
Ԫĵ׼Ϊ̾ͻȻһ鲼ͷϡ
˵ǳ˵㣬ðɡ
ԪĵһѽǡץһףԼô죿ҲҪ㻹ûȥɡ
ӳ
ǡ
Ǿ͸Űɡ͵ǰҡ
ţ
˭ҵĴºǡŮ֮ѡˡ


306 
һӣһӡ
ϸ˵һв෢ģ췢ġ
һ仰ܹܺõ֤һ㣬Ƿʺ硣
ҹ׹ŭɽŰ̫˺ƽߡ
һӶڱϢԪĵϡ
ǴӹŹ˳һһˣȻǱסˣҲľƣʴˣ뺫ű˯ˡ
һԽۣԪĵǳĽë˼£һʶĻŵǼۣƬ̲
ǰвɵ̾һľɫ
̵ɽּ䣬ĿĹʣ·𱻳ϴһ㣬һжôĿ

ȵԪĵȫ˯ѹʱñϴϢתͷһһֻϻһˣ󺹣ڴڵĴȴһ˿ϲ΢Цƽϣ·ϣĹʣԵøˡ
Ǻ˭
ʲô
Ԫĵʵ
ջعͷȥЦأ
Ԫĵͷʵڸʲôô󺹡
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Ԫĵ˺Ǽ£ѾˮʪˣͻȻʲôƵãϽµ˹ȥ¡
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Ӧһ쵽һ룬ͻȻͣĿⶨԪĵϣԭԪĵҹǴ˯ܳģϵȻνڿǰ죬һգ͸ģһ˫ͦ˫壬¶ˡ
⺫Ҳʲôӣ˵ӣҲ֮ΣرŮˣԷԸǵȻпײһۣƫͷȥЦ㻹ǴŰɡ
Ԫĵһ㶣漴ͷһʱͨ죬æ·ϣʵʵģﻹ˵ó
ռ·ˣվһժ۽ۣһԪĵʡ
ԪĵЩڿʣӹ۽ͳ
֮󣬺յ߰ɣҲûȥˡ
š
Ԫĵով״һۣһЩһֲɡ
˹ҷȥɡ
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Ȼһִںյļϡ
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ֱӽԪĵԼϵ˹ĲӣȻһ§һоŮҲ߯ˡ
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ЦסˣЩû˾ûˣֻǲ֪Щ˿ɻá˵л͸һ˿ǡ
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СЩ࣬أϥȫǻ࣬Ԫĵķ䣬ҵǣҲѾˮˣϾɽȵĵƱȽϵͣ˵ǣ߳һ䷿ݲûյ𺦣ǶȥǼݣһжȻ䷿ԭǻסĵطǻ֪ܵȥˣȫûһ㻤ְҵ
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ջ·֮мǹСǣҪȥˣ㡪
Ԫĵҡҡͷҿ߲ˡ
յͷһᣬȥȻ
Ԫĵȥɡ
ԼСһ㡣
뿪ݾ깬Ǳȥ


ɽĿ죬ȥҲ죬̶һʱƻ޷Ƶġ깬ɽȵҲòȥߵ˵ĴʯҲ࣬Ů澡ū۴Ҵ߹ҲһƬҡ
ءۡء
һȻһǳҵĿܵܵ
ʱֿŵĶҪ˳æѰ˹ȥɻûܵܿ޺磬磬ء
ѵСô롣տЦһæ˹ȥϺС֣ˡ
תһ䣬վͼܵһŴСãվһô£޵ͨ죬һ˫۾ֺס
磡
ܼܵգʱϲѣͳ˹
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յͷǿȥζǰɣǵġ

磬ӦҵҪչ˺ңɲ뿪ҡ
ֹֿͣܵʼˡ
պСҰһۣ׷׺ǺЦ
ճζǰʱζǸˣźǣǲûСһһӵ̫˰ɡ
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ЩҲǽĺӣڷ¥ҲһЩ񣬴ҲñȻģ̾͸
еľǸЩࡢľмŮǽݽЩʪı졢ó档
˵ǣգʲôģһ͸ˡ
ԺڵʲôҲɾˣæ֮һȺҲǷǳƣܵ۵ǱһԲ͵˯ϵĴúͶôעô˯ơ
ռҲͦ۵ģԼѾ˼ޣһ޶û˯˶Ϊ·ԪĵȥˣѽǾͷԸҽЩϣеȫȥϢΪʪǷǳصġ
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ܵһֲ֪öôýɿĳ˳ȥȻϵƬ̹ú˯
Ҳǲضãǰ׵֮Ҳһ¼˯ˣһ붼ûͣ


Ҳ֪ȥá
պһŨŨĿζ鶯˼±ӣδֻǲϵĳ鶯űӣƬ̣ñϴ͵ЦֻǰƮһ⣬ðҪǸ߿Ƽֹѽ
ձ鿾⹴鲻Խ
ȻǰĿವһ㲻ˡ
ʲô
תͷһֻǰվӰһһ֣Ż谵Ļ⣬ѿСֺСҰ
˲ѹ֪ԼˣˣС֡
ܵܺٺٵ磬˰
յҲûкǼƽϣŪǵĻǣҿ˿Ѿҹˣʲôʱأ
СҰѾˡ
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309 ڵ
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׵һסơӺǸ߳ƺ鱼ţкǿĸȾ
⺫ΪһƭӣʶӹɣΪͿԷİ

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310 һپ٣һ
ڵˡ

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ǹΪЩʿߣŵڣкܶ˶м٣ôڹپûô𾴣ټǣ÷ֺǡǵȻɵĳ̸ûбҲû˵Ҫʲôһˣ֪Ҳ²סǵ죬ǾȥֺЩʷʵĹ٣ԼҲǳעԼҲû˵׼Щ¡
ˣҲð
̾˿
ǵҲǡ
µͷͻȻʵ֮ͬԣ
ҿûô˵
ЦֻǾ߯ˣҪ٣ǵһͷҪ٣ɵȥ
΢΢һ㶣ߣǳɫգǧô룬ֱԹֻرѳɴ˶Ĺ٣ҲƵ㲻ԱȺôǺ˾ľܱȵؽ󣬵֮ܿ裬ɹ֮ȴΪһеؽ󣬲ܻ÷Ƿĳɾ͡
߸ͬҲˣֻΪһֽԼ͸Ըҵʮūͣⲻ˵ûãΪſؽǵ˼벻ڴˣһȡǳũ򣬵в˸еԱӦһӿؽЩ˵ĳЦݲЩЦҲòǵ𾴡
ǰֱԹֻԵ֮ǰҲ纫šʮֶݣסµ֣ллܸ˵һ
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պ˵Ҫʱʱ̿ҡ
֪һˣ̫Լˣ;͸ЩƭһǾ̫ԼΪԼǳᱻƭϵΪÿ˶̰ģǺѿƵģҪԱߵ˲Ҫȥ
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µͷ߸Ƿʴ˶Ȩƶûֻ̫̰ˣΪҺͰףҲǲŻƷУҲһеٮٮߣܹõǵİô;ԼĪİ
ѾµڶᵽˣҲҪ˰æƾһˣ̫ˣʵ˵Ҹλǵİ
µܼ򵥣߸һֱǹͬ˵ģֻҪܹ˵һˣ߸Ͷ볯Ϊ٣ܷ㣬Ǿ͵ÿ£Ƿܹõǵͬ
ճƬ̣ͷҾ԰ɡ


324 ļֵ
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һԵĹŮǳһ˿ߣһԵȺΣǷǳ˿
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һ¬ʦԷ˿
μæǰʵʦԣΣ
¬ʦЦģḀ̊́ǳá
ǾͺãǾͺá
Цŵͷлˡ
ˣⲻǾ֮͡
¬ʦ΢΢ס
ЦͷΪǿ̥ҩ
¬ʦҡҡͷ£Ů˻ǲ޲ͺҩĻʵ䷴һֱ޳ɻʱҩʵֻ豣ֺ泩飬ûµĻȥ߶һ£ʳע⣬˱ˡҿΪдϼʳԼиķ
Цˡ
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һߣ˳Ц¬ƺһҲûб䣬ôĽ
βҲ˵
ôû˵Ϊ̫ʥȰ̫ʥϲҪɵͳ֮Ҫ̫ʥϽЩĵʿȫץ̫ʥϲδģҲ˲ˡ
ʵҲ֤˵ûдԸпһҲΪĻЩ֮ʹϽ
Щ꣬ƺڳ
εͷΪԽ븸ĸҪȢǳƶʦãͱĸϳ˼壬ǰ뿪˳Żġ˵΢΢һ̾ʵҽ˵ãһǳвŻֻԸڸңִ̫ڶ
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οЦôûУǰҶԿڣǳ볯Ϊ٣ǶӦ
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΢΢һ㶣ƺһЩҲҪ߲Ƕһλ𡣡
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οЦֲǲ֪ʷ޺ͺմȺиģ֪ɡб£¹ͣȻҪʱյģȽ¬ʦһ볯Ϊ٣̾ڳаޡ


֪УѾȥˣʱյƣ⡶ɫѾΪ˱ҪǲĿЩ󸾣⡶ɫѣվҪ硣
ʱգɫҲѾ˸ýʱˡ
գɼҲе뿴֡
ɫĴҪҿصɴˡ
ǷǳźԱճ
ﺫ޳ܵĳϮˡɽףӢ̨Ľ֣ҶǱץ˻ȥһܷɣջǵвȨҶݺܷɣܷʪлز£ջǲˡ
ҶܷɵķĹĹغϣֻΪɫһϧĽ֡
һϷҲݼϷҿգζҲϷУ޵ȥѷֵİݵ쾡¡
Щ󸾿ö棬ͷ޵βЩ
лҲǿ޵ѡ
вĵĨĨ۽ǣ˸һˣˣ޵ҲϡﻩģÿǱȺģĻǾй˵ˡ
Щ̫ࡢŮʵۿ޳ˣҲǻֲ̿ѣȥ˿Ƕġ
ѽ
ĸ쵰ģ
޷ǾգǶһЩŮˣǵȥ̨Ѻո˺˲ɣʵ̫˾ˡ
עһ֮ҹ
ϵһֱں治ҳ
Щ󸾣ֶ˻ʵô
Ρﶼֲˬ⻰һޣҲֱͣӽսеڹ档
գڸʲôΪʲôܷɺҶһ˱ҵĽ֣д
⺫ոһţξͲȻŭָźŭš
ҲǾĵգһҲˣֻԹ㣬Թñˡ
ε޸˽֡
磬㣬ֻǻѡյôǶԭģǹºǵġ
ȫ⣬ʲôԭ򣿡
յΪһ𰸡
𰸣

յҾ֪మǷݣܣ
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ɻ⻰ǴӺ˵𣿡
յһڴĽ֣ôֻ˵ÿǹҿĵģǻеĶ壬ɲǼ򵥵Ĺ֣뻹ҪǵҺͱ¾۹ڵµŵڻһּ˵ΪһԵΪȻǴģӦø
Ҹ˵ܷɺҶı磬ֻڻ統УʵҲкܶƵı硣ֻǴҶͼڸǹȥ̵ʿ廹ΪǵΪȷġЩҵˣ˵ҶңǾͲôô˵Ǿûô𣿡
Եͷ⿴ǶĲʵǶԼĲ
Ǵս͵ôţҪǿԼı磬ҪףǹȥΪжôĿɳܣǵҲܺõĸ˴𰸡罫Զڽʱǿ϶뵽ܷɺҶͬʱҲ˼ԼôǶԻǴ䲻˵ǾͻԼŵڻһֽ
˼Ƭ̣ŵ˵ĺܶԣ⻰ȷܹ
Ҳидֻ̫ǳˡ
ճȴ£ʵǻ磬ʫʡܸ;ʾ񿴹һսľɽҰʬ壬Ťףɢ֫ǱѪȾĺտһУǻڴս벻ᡣ
ΪʲôʱڣĺƽȻ̫ʥ书ûһɺԵԭ򣬾ǵʱھս֪սĲпᣬսֻƽƽĻţǱ÷ǳ㣬ΪŴٳʱڵķ١
ȻǴƹѾʮûоսˣոճɳһ֪սĲпᣬ֪µǶô֮ףǶ˸˽գѵپһսһָо𣿵ȻǣҪĶȥǴȥʾ
ⲻܹգͬܶشپûо쾵۵ı㲢֪ож˸ҵĻ署Ϊ޽깬ͥôҪľʱһĻĻ棬ͻñɵôǷֵãԣӦôƶܹʾգĴ
˳˼ðΣ΢΢һЦǳжգлܸ˵һ޼λΪϵһԡ
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κǺЦԭ˵ף͵ģģ޲ġ
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һ㶡
Ц㲻Լһʯɡ
Ȼǣʸ񡣡ҡҡͷϣܹܷɺҶ̳ʯ񣬾ͷǱϣôһο̹ĵİ顣ʵҲԼ̵ģбµĹ⻷ŻӰ쵽ˣҲõͬ
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κζҪװģҲ⣬ȻڻܻӭǻûгΪŷеֻϾǵڱ̫ˡ
ֻϲֻ̨ô޷õҵͬܵõͬôĶҲǴ֣޷Ժϣܹ⻰ûõǵͬͷõİ취ɾǾʵۿڡ
εȻҲ׺յ˼ҲǳϣǸϣټϺյһҲûʲôԥʹӦ
ǹʯƶɺŪ͢Ҳǹѡ
ɫãξ׼سˣΪΪ˱ģѾˣҲʱȥˡ
һջȻֻ֣βǺգһСˣΪ͢ԱһΪκǹͬĸνջĶࡣ
ҲԤʾţҪٸѣʵΪĸȨƵĻʵۣɲһȫĻһκ⣬Ǹڻҡ

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㣬ܳɴ͸ˣ˭ˡ΢΢ܵһۣСԵʱֲô˵ˡ
ܵһЦˡ
տˣЦ˵ļǣɱȷԡ
˴ϲӿɽҲ
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ұͲǾӰ
СָƶСҲĵġ
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յιӦҲ֪Сһֱڴ磬⻰֪ʶ࣬ڽĻ磬ϣܹ𷨣رǷеһЩ䣬Ը˴ơͺñȷιȰҷһǳõزģгһգҽɹ£뻰統УιĪ֡
ôһ˵ԲˣҲŷ𷨣ֻǴʱҪ𷨡
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ЦС֣Щ
ܼܵæ˹ȥ
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֪ŮĪ۵һâ漴Ͻ졣


326 ƥ
û뵽ԼδˣȻһͽⲻ֪һֱǳз𷨣汲в˳ҵģⶼдͳġ
ںնԣһǳõϢΪͽƽȣôȻͲעŵڸҪǸ޼һҪʽĽȢؼţǵһѪ
ˣնԷҲȽ˽⣬ΪǧűѧһŹΣȻһҲȤαװɷǳȤһ˵ļƻѾԺγɡ
ͣͣգڽ뵽˳ڡ
磬쿴Щũ򴩵·Ŷ
ܵ¿ϣԶũ˵
תͷһֻũ߷ֿ㡢乪乤˫Ŀһѽ¸ˣ֣ǼһҲǲҵȥ깬Ҳ֪ңôˣ˵֤÷Ǻã򣬾ƾ˵Ը񣬲ܲҡ
뵽Ҳˣ֪֣лǻġ
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νⶼСǮѣȵóʱ󲻷һͲˡ죬Ǵչȭ֮ʡˣ·ӦѾ׼˰ɡ
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бһƳʵҲ治ףΪʲôǶԸȥ٣
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ЦһȻû˵ľ֮߱⡣
ʵСηЦ
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֣зʵС磬ĪȰҵȥ٣
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˽ǵͷж͸ɻ
յݵʱƻ˳˶ļƻȫʧܣǺ֮ǣϧðջʷɱңϧûгɹߵһѾǵ˲ĵزҾ͸һᣬҲԼһɱĻᡣһͬ׹˺ںв󶼵˽ƣĵز˭Ҳ޷ɱ˭ҵʱΪҪ췴֪֪кܶգʧȥҸһ𵶵ɡ
Ϫصİھ𵶵ģһѵа档ʵǰϪصİҲǷʳֻһˮ̴ھУǵĹҲˣȻòǿ󣬵ʵı׶ˡЩ׶ˣһ˵ΣǴÿ˵Ρ
֪ѴκѴӱһεɡͺǲΪĸó󣬶ǣǾĸĸǲݸıʵǾӦТǣҲӦΡǼ֮ǰΪһǷֵ˳ݣǲǹ壬ǲӵȨ͸󣬵֮Ϊһ˵ļֵӵʲô׳ʲôⲻߣ˽
֣СýǳĬ
һ˵˺ܶ࣬˿Ǹƺ˵Щˣв֮λ¡ֻΪλӸеϧҺһ񣬵ҲϣܹΪһ£λŵƣȴһֱ˷ԼĲŻҺĽҲҺߣϾ˱ȥ鷳ģѾǿʢҪ˹ٵνǲŶ鷳Ϊɣӱ;еǣƥȸˡ
˵͹֣Ȼת뿪ˡ
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329 ˣ
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ڱѲ󣬺ȥľ̶̼µķչһѾİٶˣľ˾ռ߳ɣȽ٣ΪҪܶ༼ɵģôУȻѾ˲ѧͽѧˡ
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յǻѾˣҲʱ÷ˡŰɣò˶ãǾǮˡ


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⻹һЩͼǳϸЩָպóͼ϶ĵطǳ
⣬ȾҲɫƫ죬ǳöء
嶼ˣ⡪Сո㣿
Цŵͷҵĵ̻ỹûѽ
循ȵΪʲôСոҪԼͷӡȥ
պǺǵѵú˧𡣡

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ЦǺǵȻ֪ƨҲܿģֻ»ƨʱ򣬱Ҫḻһ㣬ҪôӲңȥѧһЩ֮ԣĵһ룬Ĳȥˣ˫ġǧҪΪ˸еʵƨ˿ģһ£Ҫĵרҵһ㡣
嶼ɵˣ亹һأûǽôԣҲ̫ðɡ
ΪһɹĹܼң㻹һܳ·Ҫ߰
չԵļƱ˿˿ǽ¥һƱ
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⣬Щȫűߵ֣ʵǰڡźšλš
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Сո磬ǲʲôס
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ԼҶɣŭݵں
մװͿ֪ԹﲻмĻҵǿ԰ԹӿҾͿˣȥС
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ֿɵˣͲ֪ΪʲôЩӸÿζڵĳ˽û˵仰ͱˡ
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ľ뺫յİ飬ദЩӣôƽôظȴô˲ᣬййֱ𣬵Ҳйģйۡ


332 ѧѰ
κҵŷǷ츳ƭǺڵǽڣΣӹɵġ
кܶʶĺյˣ˵ͬһ仰һǲƭӣҲȡ÷ǳĳɹΪų
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ĿϲľǿũʽģƽƽΪо̫Ĵ̼Ҫƽɡʮһڴ٣ٵټѾǽרҵҵ֮ˣڼϰﵽרҵģԲʲô⡣
Щʱ򣬱˵رķʱҪãֵܽ棬ҸУʴ˺ܿͽֵ磬ԿʼſˣȫĵͶУһеĶǳڱܡ
Ҫ֪ĺǷǳ˧ģȫֵʱӢŵ٣ûŮ˿Եֿ
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ܵ͸йƵãһ˫С۾ԹĿ˺һۡ
ףĺĺЦ㿪ЦģǴ˵ел˰ɡ
ܾܵȵô֪
۾ġ
˵žͳſ˹ȥŸո˼һ߳Ǹ˹ֵλһлӰɡ˵ʱĿһлӣƤ𪣬üĿ㣬޳ȷǷǳ˧Ǽأһ֪˿ʵģ֮оʹһ˿߹алӻͨ˿װĵ
ңҡ
л͹ֻһ񣬵лԲǶ˼飬һʵǲҵ
պǺǵУϾǶûжġ
΢΢һɣС磬˵ʲô
չЦЦлӲɣ
лԵСǷȤʵµ˱ݷһºС磬û뵽ȴˡ˵ͻȻ˼
˼ǽ߲ѡ
˽⣬˽⡣պǺһЦлĪҪĺܣ롣
лһ죬롣
ڡ
պ˿ڲ裬лӣ˼£Ѿ˵ˣҲ˼˵ңʲôҶԣҪҪ˼Ҫã㹻ˡ
лԵһ㻹뺫СģҾ˼ܰࡣ
յͷЦͲҪҶһ䡣
лæС絫˵޷
һⰮãʼյ÷ԣ֪㽫ʲô
˼ԵЩҲбҪһʡ
лԵС磬лѾԶǰǰˣҲܸ˼󸻴һ˼ġҴ˴Ҫı;ϣܹ壬лҵÿ˶Ϊ˶Ŭ
Цŵͷֵ֪лӵ˫׿ɻڣ
лȻһ̾˫Ѿʧˡ
ǱǸ
޷
ֵҲ֪˵ûУҽɱʶʷ̨μʷ
л΢΢׵Ѿ˵ˡ
ЦȻֻǸոΣʶһЩˣı;ĻҿԽЩ˸ʶҲ˵һܰﵽ㣬ٻṩһЩ
˼һϲ
лԺԥֵлСĺ⣬һƾԼȥԡ
һĹâЦҲãƾлӵĲŻӦò⣬˵һȥæ
лæңңСˡ
ֵ˼ҲҵļˣȢҲҵݣˣҶԣҲһ¡Ҳûʲôͣ׬һǮı;ĻҪǮĵطҪĻҡ
лͻȻһ£漴ֵСˣлʵǸм
˵˵΢΢һЦ˼ϲҵһλɾ
˼ͨ죬˵ó
ЦǺǵлӣҺûж飬ǽվǺϼöûлͶԵˡ
л΢΢ֵСʢȭȭлҲӦ
˶һЩˣлԺ˼ֱʱ֣лԲŴ΢΢뿪ˡ
տȥıӰͻȻһĨЦ⣬벻úõһƤ£Ȼһаģ㺫棬Ҳд˽ѽҪ㣬⺫־͵д


334 ɫ
¶ΣгڼϾȥܵı¡
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ֻһŮա
ŮˣһδĿͻȺ壬һԶ׼룬̼ܶҶΪһ㣬￪̸еȤ
ǻ磬ı죬ǰδе˶ĵطǺҵеһɡ
ȻǺܶԭ򣬵ǻ㣬￪̣һ֮١
ںճ⣬¥޷ǸӪҵʱ䣬һкܶϸڶ޷̸ջˣҲѾ깤ּ󣬶Ԥʾ̽еĽ׶ˡ
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һԼĪʮˡ
ĵصڷ¥Ķ¥
ѵˣǺȴδ֣Ȼ¥дǳܵˮһһϣأЩ˸е
˵¥Ķգһ͵СޣȻزڴ˵Ⱥ򡣡
Ǯϸ˵ĶԣȻˣ̽磬ĸͷղǳէһСӡ
Ǳ˲ôǶҿҲ𡣡
ͱԹˣպķͷ˵˹١
ҿɲ

ǱԹ֮ʱջǸոմӺԺ˳߻Źͷʦ
С磬ɵעһЩĪҪ̫ˡ
ϸϸţҪǼǿɵðŸ
ձ߶һϣЩͷ˵㣬ȥ̸ģֲȥɱ˽ٻ㷸ô
ҲǲˬҵҲô£㿴ǰЩʲô£ҿɸˣЩвٶЩˣǲġ
һ㣬͸˵ҵʵҲǱ¢ˣΪƽնԸ㣬ʸ񣬹Դ࣬ʴһ㶼ɼһЩſͣ˳ӵܲ漰еġ
ȻԪһ⣬ҲΪ⣬ԪҲȡ˴ĳɹ
У֪ˣ֪ˡ
ռҪˣϽ¡
¥ڣֱϵ¥һĿɨȥǳӹɣһСվԵø롣
˵ĻҲһһãһṤ򣬾ͽЩ˵ֺͷ˺ա
λλǱǸʱ˵£ڵˣøλ͵ˣʵǹⲻȥλ¡
⺫һǹϴ
Ͼˣ˺ԹԹǰǱĿڲһҲ׷ֻ񣬶ʾܹ⣬ԼҲûеȶ֮ġ

ʾ⣬֮󣬺ֵֹոλڰæ֮Уˣĳеֵңλ˵һллͬʱĳΨһܹرλģøλСȻλǰǴæˣϻҾͲ˵ˣõλ
˶٣ּ˵λǰԭ򣬾ϣܹڱڱƣŸλҸҾͲһһ׸ˡҪ˵ǣλǴ￪̵⻰ǿɾʹˡ
˷׷׺źգΪ˿̣ܲȸ㣬潰ɡ
ɨһۣʲôһ֣һ̵Ľ֣Ŀǰ˵ڽҲ˵ʲôֻһֶ壬ǾһƷơʲôƷƣѽͣ˵δֵǮʲҿԴ档
Ӿ廯һ㣬ǵҪʲôܻ˵һ仰ȥ򣬱Ķãƾֵ֣ҶԱڴ
С磬δҲ̫˰ɣжкڣⱱܲܳаɡ
һ΢ֵ˵
˺յ֪Ǯ󷽣˵ģһһҲ󷽣Ǯ̵ϰ壬ҲȥסǮҲеٮٮߣ䣬óˮɼƱܹٸĶĿ͵͵ڻʳһսƣһٵ춨ڳ̽ĵλ
˵λȻʵǳǮһЩԱҲ
ЦΪʲôܣкйط࣬ٸƵķǳϸԶԣǱͱȽɣǻӵŮ˵гҪһ㣬Сеĸ겻䣬ѾˣҽὫһȫµĸ֣˵ǱһжΪ
˵ţһԵĲͷ
̧һľľһײײ滭һЩͼ
һҶԱĹ滮ͼ
Щǰ
սӹݹһϸ滮ͼһ㣬ٽֵߵľǵ̼ʮ¥ʮ̣һѾĲ̸
֮һŵĲ̿ǶƵ
΢Цʾ⡣
Ǯ󷽵С磬ͲˣΪܹǰꣿ
˸ŵͷ
ЦҪ˵ˣһЩСԵСҲѾ˳ȥǿû˵׼⣬һֱԥ
Щýǲ
¥һֱֻ̣Ǻ̫鷳ˣǸ˭ѽһֱڹǺյˣƽ˻ü롣
ղδԴ˶˵ܵǱɫʵ̫ˣ˵ĵطҲ̫ˣǷ¥Ļ֮һ
˵磬˵񡶰ɫѾӽβǽл𣿡
⻰Ǳ﷭ĸڣκζȲ˵ģڻܷҶǳе档
յȻᣬҲ¸߸λ⡶ɫֻˮ֮׼ִ٣ڶѾڲ߻ˣ⽫Ƿ¥۷֮һʧġ
ƵƵͷǲ󳬹ɫֻҪܹˡ
ֵڵڶɫŮգŮе̻˵һҲ˵꣬Ҫǣûеģ⣬Ů˸󽫻аᵽŮ˸ܱߣһẠ̇ҵĹ滮ǵȫŮ˵ȫ֬鱦ȵȡ
Ů˸һֱǳҲʹԪĵｨһŮ˸ĻŮг͸ȹˡ
Цɫڱڣȫõĸ˽ƽﳤʢ˥ҶˣһžͲҶ˵˰ɡ
˽㿴ңҿ¶Ц⡣
ȴǺܲˬúõģ
˵ҿ˵ϡ
ЦǺǵҶˣ˵͸һͷܴβ͡
ǷǳС
ʵҲˣ֮ûоԵĶԹֻоԵ档
ϻЦ
𿴺ǰõʱ򣬻ǵãĽǶȷһ⻷ͺñȺһϵù԰Ҳǵģǲˡ
Ĵɫ΢΢Цĸλ඼ƷͨˣСⲻ̣ǲʧȥһֿͻ˭ܱ֤ԺͲᷢƣǱҪÿ˶ϰﹺ򣬲ˣǸˣҲܹǱĵ̡
һɸ÷׷׵ͷҲˣ˾ǱڵĿͻֻǴԹڴˣǻԵ㣬һʧȥһǱڵĿͻرһЩסƷģҪЩͻЩ٣ǻٳɶ
νأ
ľһָҿûУڽ󽫻ΪһгегｫΪļеأȫһ̯λƷ۵ģһ㣬̯ǮԶСжҪ͵ö࣬ɱ٣ôǮȻҪˣܹΪ
⣬ǵİҲܵģںܶյļУǳʵõƷЩƷȫΪŴһҲʶһг֮ЩսƷۡȻ۵ĿܶһЩյľӼƷǳۣ˭Ҳܱ֤ûرõƷأ
磬ݵʱһ˼пһַǳĻģʴˣҽгȡΪԱгȻ̽УԽľԽãЩʱ۵ƷҪùƷֻۣ֮ӵ߲ðˡԣгǶԣҲǷǳаģΪǿԴȡֵý֪ʶ
ĿзŹ⣬ȻֻǺͳ˵һ飬̻Զ׼Щ벻
ΪĿǰƳҵҽҲر٣ܶǳõƷֻǲĳյļ˸гôշ׷׻óԼǻ۽ᾧۣЩ˶ԣ治Զ
ȻΪҪǣܹˣջԶù塢Ļ
ɫ˵ǱĺģҲ˵Ǳﲻڸǵȱ㡣˵һ̾ǾǱطûô󣬵Խɵ˾Խ࣬̾Խ࣬򵽵ĶԽࡣΪֲȱݣѡ˻Ϊаڷ¥һ¥ڡ
˵ţϸһָһ¥¥δųɵĴᵮڴˡ


335 Ե
¥
ʲô⡣
һɴ̷׷ײźա
ս͵ǱһЩ̣¥һ̶ҪеҪСûа취£ǵĵطǱҪСΪʲôҪԼװˣΪ˽޵ĵطӵ£˻ȥιǱ̣ʱǱ֪ˡ֮⣬ҲûбҪŪộٽֵֻҵҲԵĶһЩɢĿͻǹĻﲻǺܶ࣬ҲҪĵطǵ㹻Ӧˡ
һͻȻ⻰ףЩǹĻͷǳࡣ
˺ոոմ֪ˣǶгׯϰ壬ļףĲׯԣģĳ۲ƥˣҲǳе¡
˵ļǡ
һЦ¥ڵıСʵ̵ĴСû̫Ĺϵ˼һƥҲڷŲô಼ҲҪȥÿһ粼ȥ飬ҪǿһʽĹؼ̸ǵ̸һҲڵ̸϶ȥ̸¥һӣר̸ģھǽۺֿˡ
һЦȻڼ̸ǺαҪȥʲô¥̸ڼ̸ˣǺСΪԼҵĽڰɡ
мָǶεϰ壬һǮ˵ĺϰҡ
պǺһЦԲӣɲҪǣϿɲֹһε꣬¥Ҳһ̸еĵطͬ˵һеءλ룬һ̸ʱԵһЩʲôͻ
Ǯ󷽵붼һЩ˰ɡ
ˡЦܶǲֻҪһƷк֣ܶڵǣǵöǸһ˵һûɡȻһ¥ѣôЩ˾ͲҪˣ¥϶¥ϣ˵Ͱ̸ˡ
˵ǺһЦָһλɫۣȧ͹𣬸߶ǵӵ¥һ䷿ݣûУôЩһ϶ȱ¥ȥģôһͻԭȥﹺƷģǸھĵ̣Ϊβȣȥһ䣬ļ۸ͣƷãôȥ￴ô
΢΢һЦû
ָޱȣľȻѽڲȥ¥ռطһ¥ˣʧȥȻкܶͻʧġ
Ƿǳصġ
ȥǵȻ治ˣǺվǲ׼˼ΪûһҵƷΨһģ־ϵǲϧһдפ¥ġ
յԣλǧֻһСС¥һɹˣÿչĲƸᳬС¥һõֻ꣬Ŀǰûнã⻹¥һзΪ˴ٳʲô̸ǾͽʲôһϣǱиƣеĸֲΪΪ˱ڹкܶ಻ҵĹ滮
ЩǲԼͬ¶˼ЦͬʱҲ֮⣬պո̫ľϲԱг¥Ĺ˼ѾǷǳˡ
˼Һǽ¥װ꣬ǰװװģΪһˣ˫ʮյģǾͲǳɹˡ
ǮҲû˵ãֻǺǺЦС˵Ҳһ°ɡ
ЦԭģǸλǳˣǱŸոտʼʴҲ¡Ƿ¥ĺԼѾдˣװд档壬Լóλǰ
ǡ
˽Լϡ
ЩһһɫĲƺҲǺܶࡣ
һ򿪣ոȥǵı۳ˣһأһǺ䤱
ÿŴôʶǾҪǻ˵дٵĶʮֽ
ָĨźС磬Ҳ̫ˡǵ̵θɣƾʲôҪͨǵѵ¡
Цǵù
͸ûйϵˡ
ϵɴˡ
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ԱֱԿ˵ˣܶľ׶Ǵǿʼģǵ˼ΪǱҪôΨһǲǱѧϰ࣬ΪӦ˸еˣΪұΪάԴ
ոտᣬԴӺƽ֮Ҳǹ
ҲýǮɣÿ˾͵һǮҲ̫ˡ
Ǳ֤һǮǴȡ֮棬һ֮κΪ˸еĻԭǮ˻ǡ
˵ĵ
˵ֵزˣЩҲ˵ʲôˣϾնŵǴ棬ûУǮȻܰ
ļ׵ǮҲֻС£ؼǵƷҪǵˣʲôأδҲ̫۸ˡ
Ц壬㻨ʮǮһƥһԭֻһͷú¿㻹ȥ𣿡
ʲô˼ѵ¿ֲ𣿡
ֻһǱҪ֤ÿ˵Ȩ棬һ˲ŻԸﹺ򣬶ƷĺûһǳֱӵжϣҲϣ˵ǱƷԼۣӰ˶Ǳġ
˵ŻһתͬʱҲǶԱÿһ̼ҵĸ𣬱ҪһͬȥάΪһʺһ࣬ŴҶԸͷߣҪһͷˣһְλǷ¥ǵʲáҸ˴лʲô𣿲ûκֱӵ棬ôΪ˽߾ȫΪȡĿˣĲƸһһƷƵĹؼ
ЦǺǵС֮Ҳǳ޳ɡǲ̫һ㣬΢һĵ̣ÿÿ¾͵ʮǮ⻹ýװѡ
вܹ
װѣȻ˴ȥ̲ιۣſ֮ǾͲôΪˡЦôʵǷǳ˵ˣΪ滹ɨѣΰѣǷ¥Ͷ˷ǳȥͳһĺԼԤһ꣬һ֮˫ȨֹԼǾùˣǿԽԼĳɰ꣬¡ҿԺܿ϶ĸǣһԼضӣΪǽ׬ʮٱǳ⣬Ҳúȵɡ
⻰˵̫Ӳˣûиκ̸еء
ⶫԸӹ󣬾ͱѽ


336 ¢˵NO
Щԭϸǹ滮ͼʱʵҲͦģû뵽ջóôһݺԼǡ
ܵδҲ̫ˡ
˵õˡ
ǮѾ߹С
ϣܹͺաúáǮ
ǺûбֳκοǢ̸˼ҪôأҪô뿪
ѡǳ򵥡
ʵһʼվʹδԼΪһˣǽԼһߣһƹصˣһߣһУ˵ҪΪԼ׬ǮҪһг
Щ֮Ĳ࣬κζҪǵĽ飬Ϊǵ΢ĩҵɣͱŪˣǶʲôгô˵ȥ˰
ǷǳǿӲ
ֵǣ㺫նô˵ˣأû뿪
ⶼΪڼϢƵľѾʼˣȴûκθı䣬ѾҪɲһʴеľˣʵҲеҪһµгҲνӦʱ
ȻҲûǩԼ֮˴ȥιۡ
ڹ滮ʱ򣬾ѾҪʲôƷˣҪĵ棬ǹһЩճƷݳ޵ƷĿǰ룬ǵװ궼ǳԣ֣еķε꣬¼䣬ʳǾ˷¼䣬ֻ·ѾеĶ滮ˣƷͿԿˡ
ȻҲԤʾûκθĵɡ
ʲô갲ʲôλãЩҲнġܽڰӵϣʻɰζġ
Ȼѡûʲôɣǲô˵װֶ꣬ǷǳгʱģÿһطȻжԣҪСǸ˵ĸоСҺܶԳƷƣǵ˿˾ȵĵز
ƾЩƣһװѾֵá
һڱۿʱͻȻһˣΣɫëƲ˹ˡ
Щ˷׷ײĿȥ
ǿǲķϣô
ʲô
ܸʲôթĲ˹ˣ϶ġ
С磬Ƿ¥ķϣҲô
Ŷǲ֪


ղûͬһιۣҪǲЩ֪ȥˣЩ˿϶ֻΪѹۣĵģǲ̸еأɴͲȥˣںԺƷղ˵̫࣬Щɡ
ҲǴ˿һֱĺֻˣЩ˶ȻջǷǳǿƣûгˣѯʵС磬˵ǻǩԼô
˵ģǳ俴˺дһݺԼ֮󣬶Դ˸ǵǣΪ̫ˣǷ¥ȫ
Ǳ̵вһһΪ񣬶ԵΰηˣһйضǸݳ͢ģֻΣص㲻һԶԣﻹҪࡣ
ЦղǩԼģ֮һеڵģʱǱǱûĴۡ㣬㲻Ӧý˵ˣӦýˣһгȥΪԺǵ˽ԽԽࡣǱǴӻδǩԼʼÿ˶ף˵㡣
ЦŵͷȴԾȣһʮ˵Ļ
Ҫ֪Щ˿ɶһЩϺˣڷŵ̸ϣԴѹƣǵԹһһˣŪƿԡ
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һֻˣΪһˣųзΣĿ࣬߱ĿһѿɫףҲ֪һķϣ¡ߣĸʹӣ϶
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ʾ˽£ȻķϣµķΪѰһ¶ǾǵĲԣûչȫ
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طӦ죬æǶԲ֪ķҲĻһ˸ķȥġ
ķϣ°ڰֵ⻰ˣŵģ֮ǰһֱûйǢʴ˹ûңҲ֮С
Цô˵ǶΣҪߺȵôڼȿţǰ⼫ˡ㣬˽ǵĹ滮ͼùķúýһǱĹ滮
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Ǳּóףϣ˾һҶǻǳǣһ𣬵ҲԤʾǵܺȥˡ˵ķƷõģôֺαصı㾺أ


337 Ǯѵ
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ķϣΪһˣȻʹ˷ŬȡԴӵв˹۸һƷȫõģ⣬ǻὫĻ۵ǲ˹ȥǺ˫ﶼĪĺô
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Цܻһ֮ǽյٱ󡣡壬¾ͽȥ죬ˣҲûˡ
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ΪʱȣǮɲ٣ҲҪ׼һ£Ͼͷû֧Ʊһ˵ôǮǷǳ鷳ġ˾ͷˣЩ˾ѡļһѵܽ
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֮⣬һЩˣŮУЩ˿ǰ;ѽսǸţģѧϰģǿܻǱĵһߡ

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֣þӣȻĨǣֱӵģС˵һֲܹ֯õĲһǼҵĻ԰ֲ
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Ԫĵ΢΢Ƴۺգգ𣿡

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ԪĵһЦʵ˵öġ
εĵͷܴģֲж٣ն٣һǰᣬ۸úʡ
ԪĵţҡҡͷһַʽǴһ۸񡣡
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ԪĵЦҲǸѧġ
һԩôֱˣôܻЩʲôΪΪ֣Ҳûпѧ
Ԫĵɼǵƾһ仰Ҫֳɡ
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Ԫĵʵ˵Ҽɣޣ飬ЩͬҲУҳ͢ҲУʲô˶֮֯٣ҼҶԸЩˣֹӺ˶׬Ǯˡ·ͬ·Ķ֮٣͸ὬһὬǸģҪԶڸᣬ˵ʵҲ·ûⱾ£ʴ˲û
֣пЦĵ㣬ѾǺСˣֻˡ
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ռ㿴ҸʲôҲֻռɶѡ
ȻǶԸ⣬Ǿˡ
Ԫĵ΢΢һЦǳˣ޹أǣ˵΢ЦˣֵΪǺõģвׯһ֯ԭϣмǺĻǲκˡ˵ǲҺǴﹺӣôǾ͵ҡ
֣ǼԸ⣬ʣˡ
ǲһĶ֣һĶѡ԰յĿ֣Уһһǧңɸ㡣
׷ǮֻΣؼЩĺϵֻе۸ʱǲȫģΪԽ󣬾ûϣʲô⣬֪֣ǲܴӦģֻԼˡȫԪĵġ
֣ȴôʧɫ㻹˵
ԪĵЦһǿ꣬»ٹɡ
յ˵ûдǮĵǽʵ㣬ʱ˵һǧˣǧᶼ򲻵һɣ֪ɡ
ֻڴţѡԪĵ˿ûбƵЦʵǲ֪˶Ǯиɷӵˡ
պһҷ¥һɷӵģҷ¥ļ۸ΪһǧõһǮҲֹôһ㰡
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µ꣬ȻͶٹᣬͶκһҵģ·ճ裬⣬֪һҪϢǾ޻ն˵ôƶûɲţҲư
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Ҳȷʵ̫һ㣬Ϊһʱңһ㣬ϾһԱг̯λҲһǧǺԵ棬ûôǸṩĻģһЩÿԴĻ˵ԤˣǷһУһǶʲôġ
ȻҲڰԼæг׬ǮûбҪֻǰһ棬ԱгİնԣҲɵĶࡣ
һɣԱг̯λȫ˳ȥ
ֱַ֮ȥ̿˿ָ̻Ϊװȫ⣬ô̻Ȼܹ˽⣬Ҳһ⣬ȫҲɡ


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Ц㲻ȥˣСҰȥˡ
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պǺЦ˼æӣǮȥУӽͷԵβ֮Ҫ㳢ⳤóԵζ
ܵϲֱͷðð
ܵһֶԸһ緹ܾ֮ܵͦŹԲĶƤŴúͶû˯ˡ
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˭
磬ҡ
洫СҰ
ǰŴ򿪣ֻСҰͷ󺹵վ⡣
ոϽȻˮһݸСҰȲɡ

СҰӺҵĲ˼
ȵȻᡣ
˵žͳȥˣһͶһľ˽װһһС̳Ӻþơ
˰ɣǱ߳Ա˵
СҰҲտţץʹڴڳžƺࡣ
һСҰһĨ죬磬Ҹлһ磬̽סڳǽһõڣδκ
յͷ
СҰ磬ΪʲôҪҸ
ЦһΪҾһһƭӣһһרҵƭӡ


341 
ƭӣ
СҰգգһԴ۾ɻΪʲô
΢΢һЦʵҵһۼȻֻһۣ;˲򵥣ⲻһԾҵڶؼǣĴһĴţķǳ壬˵Ǵ÷ǳ·Ьϲ㲼Ƴɵģһǳˣզһ˾ô˷Ѱա֣ЩӵܣǵĴʵǷǳӵģҪǸɾࡣϵĹʣڶҪʱյĳҪСͿʼ
ƭУһѧʽαװƭӣܹαװϺʶαװ΢һƭӣֻαװαװڣЩ˾ҪһЩװֲԼĲ㡣лԵĹʣǴڶгġ
СҰ룬֣ӺӿŵƽЩͬɺҲûʲôʡ
ЦǺǵɱССɣֻһֹʣ˵竣˼̬磬Ǿ竵ص㣬ҪαװˣαװģþһЩҪһЩΪԵص㣬ǲû޷ᵽֲ˼롣ңǰ˵ģֻһ
˶٣ּ˵һ㣬ҹ̽һлԣ˵Ҫı;ûκԥ;ܾˣɴ˿ɼҸոտڣѾҪܾˣʴֵûκԥ˵Ͳı;Ȼǰȴ˵ı;ģҲ˵Ҫ٣Ƿǳһ£Զԣõģһԥ˼޹ƷУԣʴ֣ⷬϡ
Ȼ˵ԳǮʱɣдϲɫȻصĹ˫ۻǳһʵģۡƭӣ۾ƭˣ㿴ͬҲƭˡȻлԻûдﵽ𡣡
ʵֻǺǫ˵лѾصķǳˣǰģǱüεƭӡ
СҰͻȻ𵱳Сƹƭѩʱһ˫ʹ˫ۣǼѽ㲻ʶˣܹͨһ˫ۣ󵽺Сĸ飬ȾѾյ׼ȻҲԲܿյƭ͸㵱ƭһô

һε嫸磬¾ĪҪˡ
СҰٺЦ˼Ȼ˼ͷʵлΪʲôҪƭ˼أ
ȻΪǮ
յһ޳ܵƭӣרƭŮǮΪŮһȺ壬ȴǳǮļŮȻŮһľ͸еԱǵĵλ˵ĻҲŷǱƭˣǶ붼ȥ٣һ»ȡ裬±ͬгЦͨڼŮƭĳڣһǵͬеĽͼʣϵߣԻͣͬǰҫʴǱƭ֪ô϶ĳЦƭԶԣͱȽϰȫһЩ
ΣŮƽܾ裬ʱʱ̶̿ǿջЦʵǷǳįģǱһ˸ӿůһ˶Ǻã̻ԶԷأһжԷԼŮģƭһ㶼ǴӸ֣ɹʷǳߡңŮһֱ԰Ǳ޾Ļ룬ֻǱĬоͳΪżı׼ǶϲǷεĲӣһƭӣһǵǳá
СҰͷǺ˵ôƭ˼أ
Цܼ򵥣˵ı;ֻҪɣ˵ȱǮ´㣬ô˼ȻǮֻҪ˼ˣôǮİ취ʵ̫ˡ
СҰü˼㽫¸ߺô
ҡҡͷһŮ˵Ǯⲻʲôʵ£ֻҪл԰ʾ䣬˼Ǿƽ˵ġ
СҰúǲˣʹˣ磬ȻˣΪβ˼
ҡҡͷûõģ˼Ѿˣ֤֣ȻĻ˼ҵģⷴʹ˼ӼᶨվлǱߣ˵л˻ᵹһң˵ҰʹԸ˼뿪
СҰüͷ磬Ҫȥѵ
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СҰѵǾͿ˼ǻƭô
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պǺһЦСԴ


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¬ʦ԰ڰֵҿɻûдﵽָе١
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һֻԼɾ˫ֽɨԼĪҪˡԸֵۣͬþ壬ǲԸۣͬѡܶԶ֮پֵñӣΪһųӵи٣ӵмᶨ˼룬ӵг˸ˣǲΪȴǷ¸ҡǿԼ˫֣ɨɾҸΪҶ壬˽Ҷѡ˼룬ʵֵ˾壬˾ЩӵСҶǣ˽Ҷ˼ˡ


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պǺǵãáﰵһﲻһţһֻ
ɺ㵸գ˵Ҽ㣬Ѿ֪һɻڴģҲŴ
֪һɻڴʴ˴ĸȵ߼̫˽Сӵĸˣ˳Ļ⵹ǵģǵٹ㣬ҺҲûнա
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ɺƵĵ̰
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ɺƵ˵˵յɡ
֪֮ȥ洵ģɺƵûʲôɼһ˴ţ⣬ĵãٵСֱץʱҪһȥ㹻սˣҲЩûмˣյҲɨ£ŵĽ˵һ顣
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ȥδҲ̫һɡյ˺һʵ̲סˣٹӣٹӡ
ɺһң
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ɺͻȻ˹ٺٵգ˵ˡ
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ɺ˵źٺһЦҾŪƱ
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ǺΪô˵ȷǷҵ飬͵ǻծʵ㻹ðɣ
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ɺƵͷʵҽˣֻҼҹϣұȥˣܸǳǵ˺ãŮ̫ˡ
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ɺָմһӣȻҪȥС棬ĿѾﵽˣŪƱŪһϯ
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ʱ󱳱Ĵһ£תͷһֻһȹŮͤͤվǰϲ
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ѩظ˿Һ㻹ʶҡ
ղ⻰ʲô˼ȻԽԽƯˣҲϲ
Ϲ˵ѩϲɫһϸüҾ㵱˹٣㲻ʶˡ
㶣ЦǺǵΪ˹٣ҪȥͽѽϾǴ١
ѩЦŲôˡ
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ҿǻǵݵʱͽᣬ㻹ˡ

տЦһֻڿɲһŶ
ѩһۣҲûж͡
ŶҲʮꡣ
ͻȻҲӦ˹
ѩȵı飬һЦֵգ˵һȥ깬˴󹦣˴Ӣۡ
շŰ۵ʲôӢۣɲҪ˵ֻԤȵ֪ܱɽ飬ʵ㲻ʲô
Ҳô˵
ѩһЦ˵֪Ӣۿɷ֣һΪΪһ־Ӣ۾˵ĵǲأ
㶣Ǻǵ˵оݣǺѷ
벻Ҳ˵Էʱ򡣡
ѩʱЦ
Ҳ֪ΪʲôϲѩҲЦ
ѩͻȻЦһ¶ھ֮ɫҡҡͷǲӦ˿ġ
պΪΣ
ѩһ̾ɫ˵˵һҹ˺üˣЩôңӦԴΪأϢˣиʲô⣬ĵ㡣
յ˵ͷһڼҰ
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ѩϽס죬΢죬бƳźյСɸģ
ֻжѣҡҡͷֻǵʱһԶȫȻͻΪˡ
Ϲ˵
ѩ˺һ漴һֿЦԳҪôͺˣҲö㵽ⳤ
΢΢һ㶣ʵô
ѩƵһǰĵڵʱһʱʱһ£ȥ깬֮Ҿֻմڼġ˵ţȻһǸգԲ𡣡
մ㵵˵Բ𡣡
ѩյƺÿ˵ڱԹ
룬ôһ˵Ҳǵġ
ѩǲҺܷ
ЦôˣѾԹģȻѸʲô
ѩ룬΢΢Ǳ˵ˣԴؼҼ֮Ҿûһ˳Ĺ˵˫Ŀһ˵˵ɣ˵ϲ¶࣬˵ҲýΪеġ
տЦ׬һǮ̸ʲôϲ¡
ɲŶ
ѩԼǮС£Ǵ£ڱﲻһ㰹Ľףҷ͵͵Ĵ˿ֻÿ˵жϣУҲʮֿ֣Ѿ룬Ŷһΰ롣
Ѿѩһ˵ˣǵϻѾϲһˣֻʱǹϲĿʼȻһȴǹϲԼ룬ʵⲻǺպһ˵ǣȴμԵúһֻԼһΰ룬⣬أԻڼӽɻƺѩ˵ǰ㣬ÿ϶˶δĿЦ룿
ǳѵ˵ô
ŶûУֻǡ
ЦЦ˫ĿĿʼ


343 Ȿ׬ߺ
磬ڷ¥Ķ¥ŲˣЩ˶ǳСˣȻǵλǷǳǮǻķξͲѿ
ûһֻһǺա
Щ˵ȻҲǺսġ
С磬
⺫ûдһǮ󷽾Բ˵
ȻǶԺ־Ϊеǳò
ԭλ˵һãǴƺ⡣
΢΢һЦҾֱ˵ˣҽλǰһСλ
ʲô£
ǰǵأֱӡ
յҲûм˵ԼһȲ裬ǳһڣλʵҶӵеһУһ㣬λҵ̬ȣҲԴ֤һ㡣
˶٣ЦظλҲ˵ǰֻݵһСũʱǳһ·˽ǮŪú滹ﻹծǺҰÿ˯ǼоɵСʱǸоֻ۾ҶԣЩˣΪһֻ۾ݽǵ󶴶ܿ
Сݣùݶ֪ƾ齣ҷǳ룬ҵʱͷģһҪŬ׬ǮסһݣԶһСһżȻĻᣬȥݴʷס˼գǰ̴ңǻ԰ǰˮ鿣ɫǳҲûжԴ˸еϲΪİĻҷǳӣǱʶ;ܾһУѾϰƾɵСݣǼշת࣬ʵ˼尾Ҿ룬ǲɵȵסһʱպͻȻûǸŴլðϣҲӵһլӡ
ǹϲС磬ˡ
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л
Ц
ļ׵кιϵֻ˵¸
Ǯ󷽺ߵǳ
Ҷһźա
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ͬģ񳤰İնѾϰȥǸıԼϰߣǱǱҪǵ£ȻǱǳãϰⶫǳ˵ģǱҪ̤뱱ϰǱ֪ǵıáһżȥһҾ¥ԷԵζʮ꣬ǳԵľǸˡ
ָЦǺǵһʲôˣԭѽǷ¥ĻôֻҪķ¥ǰ뿪ͿͣͣȻ
ķϣ¹Ůա
ˣǸҪⱱ

Цŵͷλ˵ĲлŮڣģǱͻǸλҪǣĻҪǳŻģֻ˳㵽ӳǱﳬԽеʱգʱԽãվԽߣǶԣõĽǣðմһʼǳŸλĵġ
Ǯ󷽵˵ĵǼ򵥣ǰҲ˵ˣնϰȥû˻һʼͳǵĵġ
Ϊ𡣡
΢΢Ц
һСһ㡣
˵ˣҵȤˣܴһʼܹƾԼĵˣȫ磬ǶǶԣǵȻòˡ
ķϣµʲô취ֱ˵ˡ
ǺãҾֱ˵ˡ
յϣܹڿеڣͳһۣԴˣûκζ۵Ʒˡ
գ׷׵գǾˮĻĿɱ˵ĻմʱѾĶˡ
Ǯ󷽺һһʲôð취ˣԭ⣬˭벻ؼֲǺС㣬Сⲻ𰡡
ԸǾɡ
ȡô˼ĻӾͽְ֣һ߸˧̲סǮ󷽣ʵǮ󷽼﾿жǮһԣ֪ǳС
ʵҪ˵Ǯˣûĸ˻ͬġ
Ȿߺȣ˭ѽؼûԸǮл籱ﶼ÷ôС
ǺղͬΪһгĲ߻ߣȻϣܹյ춨ĵλһڶ죬ҹζࡣ
ȻЩҲɵҲյ˼֮󣬾͸ӷŭˣⲻǮ׬ߺô
С磬ˡ˵Ļôڶ۸񣬾Ѿûʲô׬ˡ
̸⣬ɲ̬ȡ
С磬ȻǶҲҪҵɵӰ

Щˣﻰ⣬ǶǼǹźվˣȻǻڶ̸ʱͱ˵еǳò
ʵǸʲôУΨǮУˡ
ȴֻ΢΢һЦҶˣ׬⣬Ҳ˵ҲԣûҾ͹ǽۣһɣɣǷ¥򡣡
Ǯ󷽹ЦС磬ĪҪ˵ЦˣǷ¥Ʊ۲һǮ⻹ô
պǺǵΪĴߣֻǸһۣδҲ̫СˣҲԸⰡôһ齵ƾʲôѽ
ǮŶһ⵹ȤˣǽۣѲɺС绹ͣ
ˡ
յͷЦ
Ϊ֮һ
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ֲǵһˣ¥ʱҲⱾһǮǳԣǺȣôҲû׬ɡҲ˰ҵĻôϲ˵һǮʮǮʮǮҲҲⱾô
պǺһЦֵҲΪҵⱾɹҡ
⻰ģҲǷ׷׵ͷڷ¥ųڣҲֵǷ꣬ǶţϻôɵˣһǮ԰Ȱ棬ˣһߺ졣
˵ºڿյѡǷǳǵġ
һ룬ƺʼʩ
ɹİнߣҲԸôΪڲҪķ¥ûȥڵĻֻҪݻͲ
֪ʲôһֵ㲻ʲôⱾΪԼһأⱾȫǰ׬ߺȡ
׬ߺȣ
ҶЩˡ
յͷҴһʼͲֹһ˵ǺãǱܺáҴⱾ׬ߺȡ
϶һƬãȻ
ˡĳ޶ۣС⻰ʲô˼
ЦŴҲ˵Ƿ¥Ĺá֯Ǻ«ܷȵһϵƷ⻹ƱͭǮƥˮȵȣһὫЩƷƷٰһ齱Ļó齱ʸܼ򵥣ڱﻨʮǮһǮȣӵг齱ʸ񡣡
ˣǿɶһ˼⣬⻹һ÷Ӱ
ն룬ЩϺ꣬ҪһЩͷԸҵġ
ЦҪнһѰѡ
һﲻӵתͦİհֹһ䣬齱ǲУʵ䷴ЦǴɷģǱеģǿƷʲô֮һóֵһٹĽƷҹ㣬ȵһٹȫߣҲǱﻨǧǮ
˵ֵزˣĶǾʯĳ
ļ׵ǲ֪Сôأ
յҲܴôȥһҪ㹻ˣȻЩṩҽ
˵գ̽ϣһݡ
һЩǿ棬ȫĿ⼱
ķȫǺһЩǳͨӪֶΣ˵һǮʮǮ˵ףΪα׹ˣͲƥȵȡ
ķϣȹЦС磬ȫ֧㡣


344 ȡ
ǽۣǷųߣ㰡
ҪӦĻǲͳˡ
Щͷһؾúᣬͬһ㣬׷׼ıʾԸֺ֧յĽۼƻ뷽ЩĮ˽ֱ˰
ķϣͻȻǺǲЩˣԸ⽵ۣҲ֪
ЦǿɲҪǻԱгԱг̯λҲѾȫ˳ȥˣ붼ǳİգǿ϶ҲϣһԸǴȥ
ķϣ㶣ЦŵͷȻǵȫˣҾûʲôʵˡ

Щ֮󣬺ջص˺Ժһ䣬κʱˣôúŪģѵ츳
С磬Ƕأ
ͻȻ˹
յͷ
ǶӦأ
ЦҪӦĻҲûбҪˣȥˡ
ͷ⵹ҲǵģǷ¥һٹ׬ߺȣȺȥҰ
һۣЦҲˣһٹѣſˣⳡǻӮҡֻҪǮͻ罭ˮһ㣬ӿǷ¥һǳϵġ
ĲۣҲѽϾǰûԼгһֱӳһٹᣬǼϻصĳɹҲ޻˵Ǵνۣ
̫ˣһ⣬˸еǳܣ֪һȺԼһĻͺֵܺܶ࣬ǣҲûһǮԡɶ֣Ը֣ڿ࣬ҲԸࡣЦҲҪˣҶӳһٹˣǲŸһŻݣǻģǶǴˣ֪ġ
ȻЩģǺն˵ˣҲֻܾˡ
ͻȻʵˣƱ¿ѾŪף
æȫѾŪˣվԲʲôġ
һʵûУ
ûУЩһֱ飬аٶ໧˼ңһʱҲ̲¡
յͷ㵹νֻҪʲôˡ


ա
εһգΪһտʼ¥ʽȡŶƣıΪƱơ
Ҳ˵ƱƵĵ
ƱƵĵҲԤʾڿԿɫˣЩɰǸﻵˣⶫһʼûеĻǾûʲôоһˣûеĻǾ˷ǳܣ¥ġӼˡ˻һЩӡ
òõģֻҸƵοԼǼį顣
ȻƱҲŶӵģܿģҪһ磬Ͼ¥ôƱҲǺܶࡣ
ңÿֻһƱ
ʱ׼ʱǳʱƱǰѾĶ飬һؼЩӵܣûнţţΪδ˵Ʊƣеǳ棬ԼҲԳԡ
ʱһľ̴ҷӵ
һǮһƱѡʣλӣ򵥡
ʴˣ׵Ĺ̷ǳ졣
ˣˣ򵽻Ʊˣ
һ߾һƱ־ٻƱʹQš
һԹۿĺգԵǿЩԣǷ񰡣
δ䣬Ǹһŵλȫλ˭Ҫ˭Ҫ
ҪҪ
һȺȥ
ҳǮ
ҳʮǮ
ӵĵһƱ˻ţ
һ֮ɫʱӲϣüʹĳ鶯ţǱҪ໬ж໬
ܵܡСҰǷ׷׺ǺЦ
ΨҲһԹЩǺɶ񣬾ȻǵƱ׬Ǯ
Ǯ׬ģ˵Լ׬УǱҲ׬
ЦνƱԽǱЩ˳ĸߣԽܹǷ¥ĻƱˣƱǸˣҲǽٸƶ
ܵܺٺЦ˵е
պ滪վһԣЩţƱˣ˫۷ֱһ㶣漴ӦЦСӿǻţƱˡļ򣬵УѾȣǧҪ嶯
滪һۺգͨ죬ȻǱ˼
˵䣬µƱͷ˭ѽ
ʲôͷͷû飬ͱ𿪿˵ֻᱩ¶Լ̡ﰵ
Ǻա
ʲô񣬷Ǻˡ
ϣ⺫ǺҪȻԼӡȥ
˭˵ˣôͨҲ£Ҷе졣
ӡҵȥǿ
һ˵ƱôôˣôҲǲҲ׹һǮٶˡ

ⶼѾ˵ˣˣѾûһ׵ġ
ɷҲ
ʲôǵȴҿѽ֪ȴ䳰ȷͷˣǱңҪȥƴףǡǡôңŶ˵ôôңǲ˵Ĳ԰
СҰʱһŭ磬Ұȥѵǡ
ѵѵ
վֵ屡СҰСҰǿǵʳĸѽѵǣǳɶΪֵܣӦסҲǰ
ǿˣǻںƽʱûٵ٩ʴ˵Ҳûи̨£Ƕһ͵Ц
ܵ˱ȽϵûпףաСҰôŭǵСҰ磬ǾͱһʶˣǻȥðСʱˡ
ðСʱǳǾȾðСʱȥɣ
ոϽ˳¿һСķϣСҰǾ˰ɣ»Сֲڵʱȥһ
Ŷ
Сֹ֣һɱǹ
ٺ١
ǻȥɡ
ͻȥ
ʲôÿģûһʵˣǣߣǻȥðСʱ
ҪСҰһ顣
ֻҪԶ˵СҰˣͶһ鶼а
ĺΪ뿪Ƿ֮أܹԶЩЦ֪
¥ĺԺУֻζΧźЦͣ
Сո磬ķǳȻҽԼӡȥͲ±˳Цô
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𣿿Сո磬ȡ谡
Цˡ
Ҳ̿С磬ŪʲôãƫƫŪԼȥ
⻰ʲô˼
ճŭˣȻҵôˣȻ㲻رӢҲӢɣֻҵĵ̼׾ӰˡңҲרҪעںǶʲô˼Ǳƣǳɹĵ䷶ΰĿʼǶǼңŻô˵ģһͲаˣ󵫷Ƿ¥ƷҶҪӡҵҪǼʵ
˻һͳһ
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ζסС죬Сո磬㡪˵Ķô
𾪻ŵС磬ĪҪ嶯
嶯ô侲ĺܣ
պɵһ֣Ƿģ˲Զʳģ׷ľǹƽƽȣʱһһ˸ǳһ׼ġ
Ҫ


345 ׬ǮĿ
¥Ļʲôǹƽƽ𣬺տɲԶʳģзݣֵϵѹ
ҺϲӭѶϣԽԽǼᶨҪԼͷΪһ֮£ûڱŪһţȻͽԼͷģ͸ȥ͸ǿϵ»үүһ
ŪͷʵҲΪƳͺⶫʿΪôţΪǳװƣ㿴ʵ۵ŮҵжôţѽԣҪͷҪλͱߵ£΢ðʶˣԺ;Լ붼кܴİ
˵ô˵ƱƷǳɹһ֮еƱȫ
Ʊ۳֮ʣµľǵȴˡ
Ƿ¥Ǳ̣Ѿʼĳﱸˡ
æµУպܿ͹ȥڵȵ˿ҵһա
ʱˡԶ¥
漴ǵĿ
ԤʾſԿźˣտԵˡ
֮󣬸ıľϰߣ죬Ͳ𴲣ӻһЩ
ԣһ£ǺķǳΪŽӦҪܹɵ֧ÿһӣһֶİᡣ
¥ҪݻʱǷǳæµģΪһҵ꣬ʲôԼŪܳԻǺȡ
ǽղͬˣӽ¥һݻĵطȫ˱ˣǱȽˣ󣬾ǲӴʮˣĴ鿴ûʲôطûŪá
աСҰ滪ǷȥܵܣȻúԺʼոһյĳܡ
С֣
ɶ
ʱܵܣǻٵʱˣΪڰΰѵ״̬
շǳҴÿٻһʱҪһô
ܵܶʱˣ͵ҡͷ
պƵС֣ѵӵһǿ׳ô
롣
ܵһز֪ôشظɴ࣬Ҿͦõİ
յ㻹Űˣ
ܵܺٺٵҶͦϲӡ
գգۣ룬ҲǵģҲҲŵ֮һĸʷ̩һƾûϲˣˣˣһһɡðɣðɣɲȥˡ
ܵʹĵͷֹҲֹô
ԭԴձ˳Цһ󣬺ڿʼʶҪעǱˣǰ˧ôŪ˧ڲͬˣעһˣ·ߣȾҪãʵһֱûϵͳˣԣðԼһ·ӡ
ʱе̵ŶǹرյģΪŸոմ򿪷ţĵؼ۱ôûס𣬵ԱסϵطҪôϴҪôڸ·ϡ
ʱıﻹǷǳ徻ġ
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￪еһգȡ˿ǰĳɹǱʵ̫Сˣװ̫ˣǵôһ¼
Ǻղδ˶е֪ܹ֮һ㣬Ƴҵʵǲγ϶ﲻһ㡣
ʴˣֵķǳδ¶˷ܵı飬Ƿ¥µԱԵü˷ܣʵǹϵ󣬸˵ӦЩˣǸȫԺűУ͸éһ򵥣Ҫܵȥˡ
ܱ߷İգ÷ǳģΪøӷˡ
ȻΪǰ漸ձȡˣΪ˲һ㣬վһգգһ罫գ⣬¸Ůսһʱװ㣬ҲΪ·ȡʱ䡣
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峿ֹͣ˳ܣΪһϳý³ٵˣǾûҵ
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նԻʹǷǳȤΪϲЩĻһӵǽǽһУվɭϡ
֮ƳĹʿ֮࣬ҲΪ±䡣
ټźһΰĹԣƳĽǺΰ˵̫
գۼҵýȥˣվȺ򣬱´ġ
Ŷõġ
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ͷ켹ڣۣΣʮ㡣
УдС˺ߵϣ꣬꣬ꡣ
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һֵ̧Ϊ֮Ҳ޵Ϊ֮񡣡
ڴһһͣȺȴǱĿȻ͹ͨõģȻûվ˵ƨ
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æߵлʶȴֹеʷյģ֣ǼһﻹڰϻѽƽʱȥЩһҲȤȴܶϤ֮ġ
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ղЩȺǾ㵣룬ֲΣǷô
ⲻ֪һվߣǰ;
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궼վȥˣ̧ĿһֻһС̫վ⣬Ħ˿Һûڡ̫۸ˣŪôλӸңģվ̫ĸоˡ
оۣۡΨһ£۰
˺һۣ̬죬վأûЦϽ˱һڣĿһɨȥһ˴΢˼𸸻ʣ길ʵ׻׻̻壬أڶ߻죬ǵõ޸Ÿϳʱд󳼣ԣ۹£һι֮ߣɴ˳ÿո¶Ҫҹʱߣһ޸еѽ
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һüüȻ񣬵ʱѻȸҲ࣬ѵʱ¿ۣΪλǲԣ
ʲô㶣⻰Ծָѽ


351 ˵õĹǿʢ
г޼һҶ󣬶ҳ޼ɵҲȷʵǳɫϾʮ࣬ܶ£Ѿˣ޼һߵģȻ˽̸˽õ˵Ǿû۵ıҪˣǳ޼һߵģԴӷŰһﻹ˵ˡ
ټϽҲȷʵûʲô·ԳԵ÷ǳƽ
һеһУǳʧ䣬һɼǳһƨ¶ûУôȥԼѽʧۣҪʼ
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⻰û˸Ҷ϶ǳų޼ȥģǣԭ򻹾ڳ޼ϡ
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ң㺫үү綼ǲ֪νаЦǿԷʹˣʴ˲ûгʤ׷¾ôˣǴˣѾֵز벻ȥɾŶ


352 ι֮
ƳʱзƿǷǳϸģֻпսףھϽκҵģΨƽһ⣬͢ƽ̬ȣһֱĬΪӵĹϵ͢п¥ǲٵģʴˣƽĳ֣ͺܺõֲһ㡣
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ԭǸ飬ʧʧչֵ֣żܹ⣬Ҳһھҧҷ
Ц⻰Ҳƽǳ͢Ĭģ̻֮أԹ֮ҳġ͢ǰҲƽ붫Уֻǳ͢»Ա̻֮أʴһֱûôƽ¥֮⣬δйҳƶȣƽǾܿмȷ֮Ͼ͢Ҳû˵˶Ҳǲס
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һ˵ҲٹϾǰһ£ȥײʵۣ˵ȻȻŹա

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ϲƵƵͷȷʵ˵Ǿ֮ԣӦĽܣʵ䣬Ϊմ˻ɶԣ
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޼ɰڰֵѧʿԲףȻ˲ţӦƸΣһζɹ棬ôУܣҲ𡣡
е̫ξȣܵһƪģҪΪҴºͣղ˵һʱֱͬϷ
ˣҿɵˣһϲʷռæ̫ξֻǺףȱ˵Σտǵ𰡣
Ҳ̫ˣвŸɣҪ¾ͲҪˡ

վ͵Ϊֹ˳ɣ
ͻϣ꣬꣬ꡣ

˳֮ȺҲ۷׷װ
̫ξʲô˼
ǰǴƲҲô澡ʧȴҪκգ벻ͨ
²ѽ϶è壬ҵȿ˵õˮ档
ǻǾɡ

Ⱥ˽޼ɵ֣㷽ΪҪẫ˵ǽʿʷѾƸˣ㻹ҪʡЦ
޼һۣŲͬԶ֮󣬲һߣ⻹ǸƵġ
Ǻʱƹ㣿
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޼㳵¼ʩڴ󳼣ѵǿô⺫տǱºòײһģΣ±ضȫıգԴǴƵãگ£͵գⲻǳñ²ʹôȺԺգգձضʱ˭Ҳֹˡ
õͷˣ̫ξôű֮ǰȿڣѱµסͬʱ˾ȺҪٵˡ
޼̾˿ⷬԭҲ˵ģʵǱƵû취Ϊλܵ˵ȺƣǸƵԽǷԣ¾ԽҪǿ˵ףһʷкκµģһ˻ܷ죬ɱȥˡ
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վڴǰǰһȺͷǺЦ˼Ϊһеѧ
ʱټͻȻ˹ʷټ㡣


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ЦãҲҪǱȥ˳ɣô˵Ҳҵľˡ⻰Ծ˵С̫ģС̫ȻȥɣȻԻͺճġ

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Ѿ׼ˡ׵лǵԣնġ
ΪϾǻʹɲ볼йĽ仹뺫ն˵һҲýƣǾߵͺճȥˡ


Ϊյűʴ˵Ҳûмȥʷ̨ΣǴʹ͵ūۺŮ澻ȥˡ
صʱеĵ˲ʧˣտɱȵһյ⻹ҪãΪһյĺ䶯һõİհѸ̵Żݺͳ齱˵÷ǳģҲ˸ĿǰңһЩӸǮûд㣬òǺʹ죬նǴ׼תתҪˡ
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վ͵ûϢڶһ磬㴩һɫĹۣȥʷ̨Ρ
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տĵı飬ûЦ֣ģ̫ܿˣƨĵˡ
֣ƺʩΪ֣ĳĽѾãһ氡
湫һ˲ţ֣ϵĳЩһ
ĳһ棬ָһĳһò֪ڿɺã
лǰģҸܺá

⻹˱ˣͬǽΣͬǼʷֱۣͬرǶԺտҪ䵭ж䵭֣һǾͬպŮƵã׷ȥΧ֣תƨ֮ԣͬϽˮ಻
Ҫ֪֣вҲǶʮͷЩɶϼһ֣һ仰˵Ǿ԰ء
ʿ尡
еǣƷ޺ţƷʿ塣
ȻҲǴգ֣ϣǿǶţǾܾͨĺѽǲ͸һ
֣ƺ̫һУһ󺹣ƣӦ
ĺտЩƻģңҿ費ʿ塣
֣ƺҪˣæˣˣǿжȳˡ
ԪһƣڨڨһЦ׷Сһ
֣Żһ
֣еˣУʦûһͬô
îȵة˵Ī¬ʦԣѵҲҪʷ̨𣿡
֣еͷ
òûϲδ˿Զ췢ģǴδôȰʷ̨һݹ
ϡ¬ϣ֣ϣǵѽһ¾ŵǿҫ֣ǵƷҲ˳ƵѾ⣬ټ˸й⻷¬ʦԵҽռ֣еƺʩбĵϢʷ̨ض
ΪʲôӺ¬ûأ
ŶģԭҪһͬģ¬ٳʱͻȻвΣ¬ּ̳ʦҽ£ʵڲ²˲ˣһ԰æǾͽλ˵һǸ
Ǻǵ޷޷ʦ֪ģҽҽ¶ҵȾ壬βҪβҪ
֣йֵлة½⡣˵ţȻĺա
ڻһˣæգЩ֣ӡ
ۿͬǹԱ⻰ҺҪͼȼΨпЦԶԣվ˹ȥ֣ӡ
֣ЦС磬ˡ
Цŵͷ
Ԫµ֣ӣ뺫ʶ
֣еͷڣռæŶ֣ӳҷ¥磬档
ŶԭҾ˵
˵ˣԪºǺһЦʤѽǰʾ֣ô뺫ճΪѡ
֣΢΢¶Цةʷ̨ԺҪة̡
Ца⻰ɾǫˣߣҴȥιһ¡
ۣ⻰Ҳ˵óڣ治ÿҵĸܰչҪô
һ㶣СӸˡһգȻҲǳ;ٳڳ٣ԳдԱĺܣͲÿˡ
ԭˣǸǸˡҲ֪Щ
˵ţֵةҪ￴»ŵǣҪҸɴཫؼȥΣ
û˵ʲôǷܵ㡣Ȼ֣еУ߰ɡǻһڣͻȻ־⻰Щѽ
Ŷ롣
֣һƳգȻȥˡ
ʵ享վѾʱ޿̸оǿƣûһٳôһΣй֮޲ѽԪЩˣǺε֣еƨһҲòף·Ǵͳ
ΨпЦԶԣЩͳʷ̨

С磬С硣
ڰϣú˽תͷһֻ֣г׷
֣ܵǰһ֣ӣôͳˣǵʷ̨ѵѾСֵزˡ
֣΢΢бһƣЦЦСĪǼˡ
պǺǵ൱ʰ
֣йҲãҼ㣬Ҳ㼵һˡ
մ㵵㼵ô
Ȼ׬Ǯ
ҿ˵㽻ġ
ҼǵҲûзԡ
˵գͬʱЦ
֣е׼ȥ
յͷ
֣ЦãҲҪȥ¬һɡ
ҡҡͷ˰ɣ֣һ飬Ͳʧݡ
ˣˣ㻹ûûˡ
֣пЦҡҡͷһֵ롣
Ҳٶԣ֣һȥ
֣бһƳµС磬Ϊ٣оΣ
յԭûʲôоһҶʱ̵ʲôʿ
֣ЦԪûиɫ
յɴˣǶмڸɫ
ָ֣СĶأ

յ˭
֣е˵ˡ
ҡҡͷǵҲڣֻǾȤˣʵҲһϰףҶЩ͸Ȥ
֣ƺţ棿
֣УۣС£бҪʵô𣿡
ɲС¡֣ҡҡͷ
վȵǶ£
֣һǳش˺վȵı飬κ۲ا¾ƷϿ˵ǳ̬ҳͬҲˣӵˣڳܾѹƣܶ˶ִܲҪôǹٹң£ҪôɼȥˣһЩˣڻ֮̿У¾ʧѾżʡ
գգۣôŰ
֣̾˿ʵ㻹ǸոΣ¶ܵ⣬ܾ䳰ȷ̶֥£ܶʮµ㣬ԣȰ㻹ǱˣרľӪ¥ٲôѡ
֣УǴЦ
֣ôҸʲô
պǺǵˣ⼤͸ˡ
֣ڨڨһЦʵôô
С
չһЦҪлһ⡣
֣еʲôǾ֮Ͱˡ㲢ûܴӰ죿
յ˵ȥʱǴҡ
֣еʲô
յǱ¡
֣΢΢üɵأʷ̨µķжţҪ㣬бд侮ʯһʲôǻҧһ㣬ֱϳʷ̨Ϊʷ̨ˣ޷ȡǱŷµȨ
պǺЦ˼
֣еЦʲô
յǲȥҲˣȥˣҸ㣬ǵ;͵Ϊֹˣһ£Ҿܽȫϳʷ̨
֣һС磬Ҫ˵ҷ㣬ٳɲ̳ɶˣһ¾ͽȫϳȥδҲ̫ˡ
ţ
š
յǾͶһأϹأҷ¥ɷӣµ껹ʣµɷӡΣ
֣ԥźա
պǺǵҷ¥ɷӣɻŶô㣬Ҳġ
֣źգȨΣҡҡͷĲģҾʣôҵˣҪˣǿɾʲôûˡ
ʼǾ¡
֣ка취һ¾ͽǸϳʷ̨
յͷ
˵
ⲻ̫ðɡ
ֲ˵ȥġ
һۣ˵ЩҲʵԼǵûΪװɲΪ⡣ЦУҾ͸һϡ˵֡
̸֣ȥ
պٺЦʷةһǽ׵ͨ顣
֣ôʧɫˡ˻棿
յƭʲô
֣еε֪ģ
Ȼǲ鵽İ
֣ɻźգղһϹ٣ڹٳ϶Ǻ˽⣬ôܲ鵽Щ
ЦȻĿǰû֤ݣʮа˾Ųˡҵֻ˴һʷ̨Աͷȴҵ֪ʷ̨뽯׵ĹϵҪá˹˹õܣȻö˵ˣҴһʼʷְ̨䲻ʷ򣬵ȴʷ֮£ȨҲС
ǽȴٳصصĹٺҪãҷǳɡȥҷԭȻһ򣬵ǽҲǴգʴȡһλò绨ӣҲǳң뽯Ҳûʲôͬԡ
˶٣ǺЦҷǳȤ˳ϣԭͻʣֱۺڣŻؾһ˵Ӧȥʮְȴȥʷ̨Σһ˼ʷ˵ⶼƼģ֪Ϊʲô𣿡
֣еΪΣ
պٺٵΪʷʱҪȥѲ飬һĽ޾͵öؿչˣлᰡѾˣÿĴͽ׵Ӷȥͬһ㣬ǡǼʷѲ֮ʱ̫ɺˣ⣬һɣ׵ĴӽĶӡ
֣оȵҲ֪
Цǽʦѧû뽯ͨ£⵹Ҳ£ôͺܲˡӣ˵һػУպڽ׵ڶγڣʱڻеĻ˵˭Ķӡʷ̨ĹԱһЩǳԵ㡣
֣𾪲ѣԭ׼
շŰ۵㻹浱ɵѽʲôһͷ
֣е㷽ΪΡ
ЦǲʣΪ
֣ûĬˡ
պǺǵڽ¬ȥ˷ˣҲȤͬĵҶЩûаȤΪ¶Ļһˡ˵һԲѵĻҺôҲԱȺŵˣֻҪǲҵĵߣҲһʶ
֣һҧ˵Ĺ治УЦ֪ˣҾͲˡ
յ㵣ңֻ֪֪ĺòңʲôʱ򵱹ٵģ
֣˼ۺգⲻϣ𡣡˵ţӻͳһ
оâһǺǵԭôģ֪ҵΪ˻Ԫ˼£㿴ǿɱҸ˶ˡ


358 ̫Ųߣ
ղ֪ǽʷ̨Ҳ֪зʲôⲻҪһѾ˵һУǾ֣Ѿվߡ
¬ʦҩ̺СԺڣ¬ʦԺŶмһ̣ڰ׷
һָеСڹ꣬˫Ŀš
¬ʦȴüͷеĺӳٳ䲻£ͻȻϵĴɹһӣ̾ˡǰʮ֮ڣҲʮӡ
¶ʽĵЦݣ¬ֺǫ㽫˼˾棬ֻڼԼ壬¬Ҳܸһ¬ֵն֮ϡ
¬ʦҡͷ⻰ͷˣϰ䲻ʮӣҲʤģСշ棬ױȵ츳һ硣

ͻȻһˬʵЦֻ֣˽¬֣ȡˡ
¬ʦԵףͻˡ
֣û㻹˼˵˵ǹͬ˵ģһΣһȥǲ
¬ʦǸ֪ٳЩαʣȥҲ֪һ󡣡
֣еѵҾͺϲ𣿡
΢΢һЦ֣֣Ͼǰˣѧüαȥٺʲˡ
֣кһҲ⣬ǹǳҲҪȥģΪô
¬ʦ̾˿һʱһʱɡʵҲԲȥģԸĺС磬̲סҪȥġ
Щʷû۸С磿
֣ЦǺǵȥʱڽ濴Աᣬ˵أ
¬ʦЦһ֪޿ɾҩˡ
ʵѵСǣҿǼǵúСҳײ
֣ЦǰҲģºСһȥΣʹʷ̨ǲŹȥȥҲ֪ǰ׵ˣ¬ֵо仰˵úã־ԸҲ
ͷԭˡ
¬ʦͻȻʵѵС绹ڹÿ᣿
ѽſ͵˵ˡ֣һָ
֪㿿ס
δ䣬վʹź˳֮ɫ¬ʦԹֵ¬ӣӣˡ
¬ʦЦǺǵС磬˾ٿɷǾҲ
չһЦʷ̨٣˭ӣһͲˡǰпǧȥΣҲû˻˵䣬ջһЩʺĻȥˣ±ץסѱȻȴǼ׼ңҪȥĻǻᱻǵ
΢΢ЦСǫˣɶκβ㣬οЩʷҪ浯治֪˭
֣й㲻ͨѧ仰νҪ
һ˵ôǷ⡣ڨڨһЦϽתƻм˭߰
¬ʦԵǱΪµһ£ıѧʿִӣȷˣδûеִ֣ӣϲˣҲδֻϧûи᯴ѧʿһ޷֪ڰ˭ǿź
Ҳǡ֣йЦ¬֣ѵˣŮħͷʤʮӰ
ۣô˵ãôûǹաһ
¬ʦԵǶŮħͷʹֶΡ
ԭĬĬͷ⵹µԸ
ӣλֳαᡣ
֣к¬ʦһۣЦ
տú棬룬ŮʹʲôɷյȥǺһЦλǺò˵ȴ£Ȼҡ
¬ʦ֣һۣ漴΢΢һЦΪ˵ЩѾԤϵա
ҡҡͷʵ˵ҿûԤϵֻǳȥŬо仰˵ĺãıˣ졣
¬ʦźյˡðһ䣬ıʲô
㶣Цֳˣı;޷ǾԣҪôڹУᣬЩҵˣҪôϣ˸ҶһΪıʲôأ
¬ʦЦŵͷǽʿǺųΪܹ
ЦܵĻΪҪʷ̨أ
¬ʦԵǣ
һЦΪһȡεΨһ롣
¬ʦԵǷ֪Ǽϲ£һֱԸΪ٣һԭ򣬾ѡǺ֮١
տЦҲжǣȻҲᴩһۣӲȥɽа壬Ϊһʧȥ׷Ǻѳɹģ׷ĹУͼǱزٵģ̫ǵˣʧȥеη壬˵ҼȻѡһ·ѾȰѹײĸˡ
΢΢ЦҲ֪ǲ׼ˣѾ׼ˣΪǵĵ̫ǿˡ
¬ʦԵͷĬƬ̣ŵҵǣҪǿĵˣҪԵľǵһ˳޼ɡ
ûһЦ¬ʦԵȥмĿ⡣
֣վ£ҲǻһЦ漴޼Ȩ㳯Ұжǿ¶ŵףǼֻǸո˵Сܹսʤ𣿡
Ҳδء
պͬʱ˵
ĿۺգС磬ѵҲһ㣿
ɻҲָ֪ǲ롣
֣кָʲô
̫ʥϡ
ֺͺͬ
¬ʦ͵һѵ˵
뵱꺺һСС湫սʤֿ˴ʢǺεȵͳһ֮󣬻Ǳⲻɱ˺šӢȾ׿ԽĴ󽫡̫ʥͬͳһȫ̸ʮĹУ˺췴ɱĶõգɴ˿ɼ̫ʥϵ֮Զʤں档
ˡ
֣еڣʵ޼ɾһȨȣ޼ɺ̫ʥǲ֮˽ⳤ޼ɵˣĪ̫ʥϣͳϡ
Щһƽʱ͹̸һЩеûģռԾҽƣֱڲŰ汾óصĹҲռ˵ˣ֪Ҳʱ¶㱾³ˣͳڹϣ˵̫ʥǰֽи޼ɺǸݵͨڼȻ޼ɡ˱ͬͬѵ̫ʥϽȨǣûǻܿջȨ𣿡
ЩǺѴģ¸ģ츳ǴһЩѰ£ҳһЩѰĶΪʱҪһЩİˣģЩİ˵ı¡
֣üҵҲǹǿɲҪǣ¼λǰΪᶫŵţȺЩַ֧̫ӵģЩ֧κģЩ֧ģ̫ʥϲôĻȶ٣˭ұ֤ǲΨг޼ɲܶžһеķ
¬ʦԵ̫ʥϺͳ޼ǲ֮νǰ޹ˣˣ޼ǵµľ˾ˣ̫ʥҲǼпܡ
˵Ȼ޵ǵʼǵǾ̫ʥϿ϶кУȻĻĿǰ޷սʤ޼ɣϾǵʮ࣬سУ붼ˡ
¬ʦԵҲ˵ܹҵ̫ʥµŲߣǱܹսʤ޼ɡ
֣еͷֿգС磬Ϊأ
յͬӵĻ˵̫ʥϺͳ޼ɵĽ޿ģ˵쳣ңңǲҪǣ̫ʥҲ֮ͨ䣬ŵϻλġ̫ʥϲܲһ㣬Ϊλɱţܼ򵥣ΪǿźŲŵõµġǰ˵úܶԣ̫ʥϽи޼ɺǷֹЩҸȼȻ뵽һ㣬ôӦ뵽޼ɡ
˵ͻȻ˫üһ㣬Ҳ֤ǷŰı
ͷҶɵıҲǼ٣ʵϳ޼ɽ˲һвĳسΪʲôôҹҲµһ㣬ֻҲ֪̫ʥϰŵ˾˭ʴֻдɱ䡣ĵľǣпѾ޼ɸˡ
¬ʦԵָ˭
΢΢۵ڡ


359 žϣ
ǸԨֶǻУսĳԱÿһؼսۣУܹĴ󽫣ֻϧڷŰıڱ·ϣͲˡ
ȷܡ
֣еͷüǻ׹ݣڻңսͣ˵ǴƻҵĵһսھУ䣬мߵΪؼǣʽ볤޼ɡһֱϡ
һ㣬ĩڴȥҪְһֱиڼңǵԪ꣬¾˽ֻϧþһãҲٲ֮ء
¬ʦԳü޼ΪȲˣ˽ڱ볤Ա¶ԣɲһϢ
ҡͷһ̾ǵģ̫ʥϣƾǼǺѰսʤ޼ɵģǽǵļҲһˣʤأԲߡ
¬ʦԿЦ룬ǼеЩҲþͻԸˮ
֣еѾţ˵Ҳ޼¡̫ʥкУô˱Ҫܹ볤޼ɿ⣬ô⣬ʲôأ
ĳУûˣ浹
֣е˵¬֪ںʹ˾ޣ
ͷƺֲ̫ܣ¬ͳ޼˽ƣµǻʱǳ޼ɺ¬һһԻݣҳ޼ȨɴδԹ¬ֶɳʮĽ飬ɼһߡ
ң¬Ҳ볤޼ɿ⡣ڴ˾޵ĻҲֻ֪Ϻ꽫ܱ浽˼£ҴԸ潨;λڶÿһζϯ䣬ࡢܡκǶСΨһ±俪ʼһֱ⡣˾ޡ
¬ʦԵͷ˽С΢ֻս££ÿÿս½Զǵһж¾Ȩˣҳ⣬ֵ
ˡ֣пЦ¬֣ѾãЩ£㻹ʵҪޣǷ£͵һ䣬Ȼ̴ȥˣ벡ڼң˵һ඼ûϹ糯ˣÿڼҲǵ㣬ǴԣӲʳ
۵±ǰ̫ʥҲȥΪȲľɳֲǻףҹ֣̫ʥôҽ˵ν
¬ʦ¶֮ɫϿҲҲһܹսʤ޼ɵˡ
˵ţȻֺһˣգֻΧϣ˫ֺʮŴĴָô촽
С硣
֣
һ֣С
֣еʲô
ЦڸлǵةΪҾȷʵбҪȥ˽ˡȴʹ˵ʡĶࡣĿɨƺһˡ
˭
¡
¬ʦ㶣̾˵˻ʵۻ˶ı䣬ǱƣµԸЩˣҲǰæˡ
ҲôΪ
ҡҡͷǶ֪Ĺ£İָãָԸҶ˵ʵǳΪõգΪһǷǳѵãǵ¾ǰȻҲἱȨұ¾еǰܡ
֮εȲңΪƫƫȥһ˵һ仰ԶҪ˵ĳɹ޼ǿϾǻʵۣƾһ㣬Ǿеȥ޼ɰǴӦ볯Ϊ٣Ὣеϣѹʵ̫ϰɣ
¬ʦ˳Ĭ
ǿ϶ģܻʵǻʵۣܳǿҲһӡ
¬ʦԵ޳д֧֣ʹ뿪ڣҲ֪Ӻ˵𰡣
ЦҲ˵ˣձڳ͢ϴƢҲ²Ǳµһ̽뿴ûа취ͻƣؽҲ֪µ̽޼ɻУĬĳñʴӣֱѾû˽Уɴ˿ɼ޷ͻˣôΨһĳ·ǰԼĺԺȼԼļУں󹬱¾ǾԵĿȰ󹬶ڱ¶Բѵս
ƵƵͷʵһҲ뵽ˡü˵Ƿ䣿
յͷ
֣һַŶͷʺһ޹Ůˣǰ£ڶ
¬ʦԵϸߵķǳҲ⡣
յеȰڣҪȿ϶ҪԼĺԺչһѾ޿ɸıˣΪµӣȴͬģ£˵²ϲʺʹϲµĺҲݲˣֻһӣȨᣬȨᣬôܲˡ
¬ʦҡҡͷʹ˵ǶﲻǳΪʺǺǵˣһֻǾãǴһʼͲЩĻǸ޼ûκ𡣡
֣еͷ¬֮Ǽӳʼٻأ˶ǶԣҲټ򵥲ˣ٣ʵǸ˶ԣ𲢷Ǻܴ󣬶һǺܶ鷳һУֻΪ׷Ҽ˶ǻųߵ룬£ΪǼ׷Ȩ·ʧˡҾǱӵһ쿪ʼӦüԼԭһɣݻĽڣĻҲЩһҪôȨ㳯ҰҪô磬ʱֻΪǰı
ʺҵ㣬ҲҵռѪ
ԭǰһܹԭˣܹһСնԴ˷ǳͬ˵һǿݣ˴һʼͰǸԤȥôȡóɹͷҪɹʺǲйУܹľǱסǵ
΢΢üǻʺֻзϣݣҪϺ󣬾ͱҪʺһα֤ǵ
յסǵǻܹɹսʤ޼ǣܵĻôһжǿ̸ԣ̫Զֻᣬ˭֪δᷢʲôĿǣֻܴӦԼߵһһ߾ȫסǵܷɹ˭Ҳұ֤ıˣ죬һǰᣬֻҪǰ³ɹսʤ޼ɣǲʸȥסǵ
һĬ¬ʦԵƺǵȱ¿ˡ
Ц֪̫ˡ
֣̾˿Ҳ˵ѾվԨϡ
պǺǵʵվԨϸվƽϱ϶ûκΪǶţֻҪžϣ
¬ʦԹһЦ˵ĺãֻҪžϣ


360 ˭
ںܶطʲôӢ壬Ϊÿ˶ʱʱǾͻϣӢվǡ
ҪŶӺǧУҲӢ塣
ΨһطǾԲаӢ壬Ρ
ݹʷǧŵһʼʣԵĺۣ˾ɺ񣬱ϿǺӢۣʵܹȡ˽˵ĳɼԼĹ΢кܶںĬĬİǡ
ϣûӢ壬еֻͬˡ
ܲʹӵкܶδ֪ʶһ˵Ļǲڳתʴˣ֣ͬˡ
⿴ЩͻȻʵȻһֱڹ۲˴ˣնǵƷԼ˼ǳ壬յΪҲ
ʴˣǽ֮⣬Ҳ֮С
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ںնԣһĲ
Ϊǰһֱ໥ֱ̽ǲŶԺճ飬񶼻ʷ̨ĹԱϼǿɾ˵ȥˡ
¬ʦԵҩ̳һٱ㷹ǲûкȶپƣΪ¬ʦԺ˶ôȾƣ¬ʦԣһǳǿˣʱʴˣûкȾƣϲͷĸоҲ̫Ⱦƣֻкպ֣ˣϯϾ˼
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ԪĵҲ֪Լ˶
յɲҪ˵ҿǴ˵ѵġ
ԪĵЦҲû͹塣
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ԪĵڱɲֻŮ˸ҵĹͻɶ˳￴
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361 ɢͶ
һɧָоͺܲٸ˵ӢۣΨʹٶһǣԪĵȴһĮı飬һҡ
ʲô˼ɻ
ԪĵһЦҲǴ˵Ĭ
Ůӻڲ֪֮ͬܺá̾˿˵ЩǿҲҪԷƱǹȥ
Ԫĵ𾪵źգˣ˵Ĳң㡣
գգۣˡ
Ԫĵ˷۵֪֪ۺдһʲô𣿡
Һ滹֣Һûпպʲô֣
Ԫĵָܷܷմһˮдһ֡
ͳһ򣿺ͽ⣿
ԪĵŰ۵֡

ͲҪˣҶ֪ʲô˼
õôôȫȻˣˬ˵ĵӣҵһΣһ֣㲻ףԸҲͰˣҲҰ
ԪĵҡҡͷҲҪ㣬ֻһʵ
պߵʲôʵ˭˲ˣһֵףص¡
𣿡ԪĵǳǳһЦΪȥһʷ̨ͻеˡ
ۣǰɣôʲô˶ܲµʷ̨ᱻ˳Ѿˣǲ䲻˹պǺһЦڣҺһӾͲ֪ôд㿴һڵˡ
ԪĵΪԺеġ
٣㻹ûûˣնףŮ˸͹š
һǮ˸ҡ
Ǿ˰ɡ
͵ԼǱܣǶԼĿͻǹţԼ
ԪĵһȣЦҳӵ٣ҲûУǶ붼ûк³ܹ볯о߲ΨһˣǴܣȻҾƣôҲǽʿɾͻԶˡ
ⶼΪǹѳֳ٣ǵ಻ʤְλǹϷֵģҲǶһӵܣǵĺ˶һ˵ĻᣬΪ˱֤ĵλǱҪϺӵܣʴ˺ӵһֱѹͷȻܹ߲֮㣬ԭֻһ̫ʥϵء
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治֪ߣǱ˿֮ʣ᲻һе㡣ԪĵԱһζȨĿɲǱ¡
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һۣϲޱ֮⣬΢΢Ǵ޵Ц⣬ɫӦòң߱ңǵĻôΪô˵ûô򵥣ô˵ڰʾңڰѽԪ漰ģѵΪľˣδҲ̫ǣǿˡǺǣˣŮ˻ǲ򵥰һЦĵӣǷˡ
ԪĵЦһԲźա
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ԪĵĿâ˸㾿˵ʲô
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ʼ磬ЦβԼڲ֮أôΨ֪֪ˣܰս֪֪أΨһİ취ԶԼһԹλϡԵԣԹ塣
˹ȻǴԪĵ΢΢һЦȲϣҲϣֻǵЦԽŨҡ
Ů˹װ
һֱΪԪܱǴֹô򵥣ԪǽҵͶֶΣ˳棬ԶҪһ棬ôôǶڲ֮ء
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ȴû뵽˵һҴҶһԼˣǶô׵һ¡
˵ʵպγõһУ޼һֱϵֵõκΣⲻǷɢͶʣͬʱһźܴĲͬΪֳҷĻǷǳΣյģвܻ֮أԪĵͲᣬһЩͶʡ
ɲ˵ûԪĵΪճɹˣôջطĻرԪĵͲԵôͻǷǳƽģԽߣԽ󡣶֮ԻִͬС죬˵ĳ㲻ͬ׷Ҳһ
ںնԣ⵹һϢ֤ԪһֱǱģֻᵽ˳ӦƶҲ֪ԪĵԸǼˣٸ̸ȥˣͻȻʲôƵãˣмæ
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α⻹н밡ǴƵһ̡հԱŮһģ볯֮޹أֻһ˽¶ѣ͵㱨ҾľΪװŮ˸ɡ
ԪĵҽǮġ
㽻ǮǻЩΰʵģ滹һ⣬ѵܲ𣿡Լ
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պٺһЦԪҵôҲкܶεĲƸɣ糤вٸ̶Ԫҵˡ
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ô󾪣һ٣㲻ҵôС磬ʹðٿɲôġ
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ܵʶ˫磬Ц磬
С֣ڴţɱ̫ݸˣպߵġ


362 һ
Ʒ޺ţƷ壡
Ϊһ仰˶ԤƵʷ̨Ӳù
ʴˣյһιջǵأǹĺͰο
Ǻղû˶еȣΪںҲˣһǧԺᣬͬһƬصÿ棬Źϵһӡ
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Ԫһսţʱɫһ䣬һ𣬿ͿӵûаԼ𵽣üõգôһ
Եûֲ̿ѣæһֵǸǸǷ
⻰˵һ룬һʱĻԪһ
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ռȻֵ̿

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ۣôţϹȻû˵ԪµȷȽϰɾտòûЦ
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һȻŭǰȵգ֪ǳоƦѳҪˣʷ̨ǰıҪڴ˺֣Ҷ㡣
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ϣǺյһȴʹൽŤˣة֪Ҳǹ˰ɡ
͵һûпڣǽױǰһ־סյ죬ͷǺôӣҳײةҷǵúúýѵһһƢ꣬ɷ
տǱŴġ
磬ڰ㱨𰡣տ޺ʷҡҡ
һſŵٿغԾ
һغûдֲ̧˲ӣžһ죬ֻһдֵİײڵϡ
ɫһæһײУɫԵ÷ǳš
ʷ̨һЩֵĶǷǳУһ̽һȥˣָźյգŵʲô
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ĺͻԪҲϽǰǿдӺѳһײȻݸةĿ
źһײһȴһ㶣òƲ̫С棬޶򲻹Ъ緢ʽշ纮֢ýƬ顭һһΣգȬ֣ʾ˲˸߶ȴȾ˽Ӵ֣ʾ˲Ҫд顣
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üźգһãȻʲô˼
ҡҡͷʷǧţⶼǹʿдǮģ˵ʲôӴᴫȾôܣŰ
δ䣬Ѿ岽֮ˡ
ģֹȻý
Ƭ̹
ةةһҪѽĶǵʿдƭ˵ģֻͨķ纮ˣǲĨɱһ־ϰľѽةةõģҪ˯žһͲˣȥҩɡϧ¬ʦ̫ԭˣҪдԼ֣ǻŵӡ
һ߹ЦţһóӣĨϵĲװǾȣа㲡״ýȥ
ڵ֪ʷ̨󣬺ñ˲ģ˵ᵢǵԼҲ֪ٵĻǲһӦ˵˽ѵûʱϹƱƣõİ취ǱǸϳšϰ࣬ͺ


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Ⲣ⣬ΪǰյĻ𱬣ΪҶ棬붼Щӵܸġ
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⵹ҲǡͷѽҲͦģǶô˵
մֵҲ˵Ĵԣ⻰һתھͱζˣͲõģѾǮȥ֪ͨЩ̼ң¥ᣬҸǽͽ͡


363 ȶ
ٶ㲻Ķɰ
ЩͼľѽѲΪ˾ͽô
Ȼǲܵġ
ķǵҲ鷳ǣǿɾͲСˡ
ճμʷʵһʹˣǻڵǹᣬʹյˣУҲǶԺûа⣬ûа־⡣
Ȼƹ˰ģ˵˵Ķͷ˾⺫յ˻ǶǶԣɾͲСˣϢ֮Щ˶ǳֻ֣̿С£ɱԼȥˣǾ͵òʧˡ
ʴˣϢһǮЩ˾Һա
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Щ˼ϵٶȣܹжôĽ
ȻأһֵģûһͬϾƸеԸ񣬲ȶġ
һأҶûԹǷ׷յء
֪ǲĵأϾֲŷģǰҲûм˵䣬֮ô޷ǾºչưƵģһ͵⣬ǽ̸ǹٳͱ볶齱ˡ
ʵҲûдãֵ˼л󣬾Ϳżɽ½սдǰһĺϢҪߴҡ
ĺϢ
һ㶣ǹźա
ЦǻѾ׼ⱱ￪мˡ
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ļڨڨһЦС磬ȷһϢҲ˵ʵǷⱱ￪мġ
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ֹ˼Ѿǳˡ
ǡǡǻʵ۵ıǶ֪ʵƫߵģǣǶԻʵ۵Ȩ̫ѽ
ԽˣվԽģ緢ľڣΪʵۣҪһʵĻʲô˼ʴˣô˭ҪҶǾսʵ۵Ȩξ̵ġ
պǺǵĪ»ǴСЬ
ļЦȻĬˡ
ҲϾǹ٣Ҫ鷳ʵ̫ˡ
ЦҲǣҲǹ١
ȻŵĺգͬһЦһС٣ôܸȣҾܵõĹ٣δ֪
ҵȶ֪ʷ̨ûв˵Ȩ
Բӣʷ̨ȻûммȨȴѲٹٵȨҵȴŻ
⻰˵ţ㻹졣
˵ʷ̨Ȩ㲻ʷ̨һССļʷ滹ʷةʷ
ûһźյĻ
Ŀɨȥ΢΢һЦ֪Ҷţû׿ԿмģɲǼ򵥵һ仰Ŷ
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ЦΪһ˵ⱱ￪мڱ￪мҹܲ˻ܹܵ˰ɡҿɲҪǣһ˭ġ
Щһ¶ԥ֮ɫȻ뻧࿹⣬ǻϻ
Цҿô˵ְȨԸǱĻһǳԲ˶ߣ֪кܶ˶볯дϵܾǻԱˣûϵ⻰ˡ˵ţĿһɨЩĿЩ
صЦСˣҲ»ְȨ㡾ְأ˶ǳбϾǳ͢ʵʵ̫ˡ
Ц⻰ûǵơ
Ǯ󷽵˵Ī
һҲһɫһ뵽տЦõ⵱ȻҲһƣǱиơ
ҷ׷ɻźա
պ͹ԱȣƴӺ˵𰡣
յǾǱǸɣֻǴеΡ齱˵Ǳ齱һ仰£Ҫ棬ô⽱Ʒ˭Ǯأǣ͢ǮˣǮǳ͢ģǻģҪǮ齱Ҳ˵ܷɹɹˣѾȥˡǵƣǴ׬ǮһжΪ׬ǮұҲУǻ֮УҵϾҿһҲǡ
Ҳǵֱ룬ڹҲлʵţʵûȨҲǻʵۡ˽˾ͻ̸ֽǵж٣Ҫǣ˭Ҳܹɵ
ò˵˵оݣЩҲǣƳзƣһֱڳ͢ĹģƳ̣ͨһ뵽ԵȥˣеͺñһԭҪʮεͻȻһٸʱȥɢģֻҪܻ˯ˣǵĵһо϶
˵ȱһְȫУǳ͢ƶȣڱھ˳͢ƶȣ϶ҲеȱȫС
ҲǵͬԣȥҲеģΪڹˣλ²ô˵ǾԣҶһɵİպͬȥִУЩɣ˳ֻȡһµҶ˻ǵġ
һֱڴ˯ķϣ̵С磬˵⻰͹ˣҹܲţҷǷǳϲɱɣǸߣȻ̧ҿɲĵ
ǲ˹ˣǰӵˣԴӵɺ֮⼮ʿǸǳɵߣҪףǿԱǵĴͳƳкܶŴΪֶԪĻٳһβõɲʲôҵҲˡ
ǮйǣǱȷʵǿһĶͬҲϲڱǶȥеĵ̣ʹڱΪǳɣǿ˻ǡ
￪ʼȨ⣬»ǸոշǱҲûʲô㻧Ҫ֣϶ҲǳźȥģʱټʹҲ١
Щﶼһ˽̡ȻҲδܹԼϾǶˡ
Ѿ˵ˣҪôߣҪôȨ֮󣬶˶þҪߣڻ̫һ㣬ڹ
ķ˵ļǣǲʣҲû˵Ҫ뿪
ô٣ô뿪ˡ

Щԥ˼Щ˶ô˵ˣȻҲŸ͡
ַ׷¶αЦݣЦеģ̽絹Ҳ㲻α
Ǻǵлλܹ½⣬ҵҲ£ֻڣþԸҾɷıǣҺܿͻ֤˵ûдһᾡΪλȡ棬ͬʱһλ֤ǱڳҲ̩ɽûдôء
ķϣ˫ĿС磬Īʲô
պǺǵ취еǣ»ǿҪסյʢ۷壬һոտʼ


364 óԵ
ǱϣЩ˶ȲҺǮ

һðվеģԸԭ⵽ķ⣬ϻɿڣҪɿڣһǳѵ¡
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ⵣǲüͷٶѬģ̰ɫǣҲû뺫ս
˵Щ̸϶˷ܣؼյ̫ˣõζЦѣⶼΪһˣǺա
һƨ֮ԣ⡣
ƨҲ
Ǯ󷽴֣С磬㿴վŻݵһˣ˵ǵ⻹𣿡
Ȼᡣ
պǺЦ
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ĿһɨҶ׷׵ǵҲ֮⼸յôãȫг齱ŻݣսѾʼ»ˣԤе£Ū齱ҲΪ˸һʾߣѵǣǵĿģðϰﹺ𣿡
ָǺǵôǣѰ˼ǲ̫ˣҪӳա
Щ̣̰ѽǮңȴȥˣֺҲҡҡͷôŻݲԽʧȥϲУһʧȥ˾ϲУôˣǴﵽĿľˣž⼸գЩѾϲǵıˡһǽǿԱеһЩŻݲԣһЩǷǳõģһСԻǮƣһгԡ
ⲻú˵ЩҲ֪ôϣܹһѪ̼ǵ
ղŲǵĵҲһͷЦԺڣǶӦðգƳ˵Ļ⣬ҪѸλһ䣬տ˷ĹģĶˣôδգ϶һ½ǵһ׼ǣҪеκοֻţǷǳ󡣡
ǣѾ׼ˡ
벻׷ױʾû⡣
ͻȻС磬һһ
յ˵
˵ķƣǺС⡣
ķϣ壬һ񼿴ȥüĿԲϣЦʵ鵽ȥˡ
յͷˡ
ǲ֪Сô
ƷʶȻѾˣûбӣֻǰһǡǮǵȵȣܶ˾ǹһſڣ͹һ裬¥Ҳˣܶ¥ֻҵӵģҲһЩ¥Լӡǽһݵȴ̫ʵ̺ž޴棬ǱϾᣬվ˵ʲô֬Ͽڣ˵ĸоͺƽʶƣݳҲȻ
һƷʶֻûϵͳѡ
Щ˶ˣǲ
ЦʵǶ֪ộǮ̡ȥ׺ȥף϶ϣǰߡ֮ҽķϣŪһƣһ˺üǣϿڣһҲǵĻ²ֻһף׻
⣬ǿɱСͶ֣мֵ޵ġ
磬ԽԽף־ͻڿвһεֵЧӦߵľ磬ÿͻԵƷμסƣгһգ㻹һЩĻҪȥ֣һˣٲѣǹ֮󣬼ǸոеģҲǰΪ˶ֳģǱϵ𡣵ҪһУȵðͬĴףศɵģһپ٣һǲܹġ
ķϣüҲǳ죬һ˵գ˵úã˵úðС磬һЩʲôʫʰҪˣԭĻ˵һϯʤʮ顣
ҲǷ׷׵ͷƷʶʼ͸̰ѪҺȥˡ
չ֣ЦλǺô࣬ҲҪȥӪûоӪãҲǳԶȻһӪˣǵﶼͿǾֵֵˡ

ҪֵĻҲˡ
Ǯ󷽴ЦǺǵС磬β˰ﵽףҲȡ֡
ˡ˭֪ûȥƣҺ˵ͷͷǵȻҲһֲǮֶΪˡ
㿪ʲôЦҪһȥ룬ҷǵȥɡտЦôˣʹҲѽֻܸǣȡ֣һҪüǣҪ̫ˣնøԼĻйأԵľͿȡΪóԵ㡯
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Ǯ̵С磬ģ˵˭͸˭˵Ŀ⼱˵棬ҵʵǿ㲻ѡѡ˭
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˵֣߸ϸľһģ־͹˭ˣ֪λΣ
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ԸȽϼ꣬һǰֳһǳƺʼδֵĹҪԶԶľĳȣ˫Ŀֻаһ㡣
Ǯ󷽹һЦ˵ϵѽ⼱Ҳøĸˣٶ̲ܾͰ糤
ٶ̲ܾͰ糤һܹٵ𣿺ùа񣬲ë
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ǮѵҶ̫ˣǰÿÿ˳꣬Ц
˳գǰϸ
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ķϣЦеСǮô
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ָȻ㷽˵ʱװ㰡ЩŮҪõ֬ϣѵʹ𣿡
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ķϣ¶ʱ¶֮ɫ
ָ룬ҪһһףɾҪˡ
뵽ʱҪõΣȻԸ޳ȻҲûˣǵУǾһΪ


365 
С磬ƭң˵ûеﻧҿɶˡ
⺫ո¥ĺţͱסˡ
տԹı飬ͺԼûиǮƵãŰ۵㣬ѧˣȻ͵̸
ΣأԽƱ¥ҼңԼ˵͵˵ֵҪ⾿ô°
֪ܰҹԼĴ̿ʣ⵹ûʲô⣬۵ҲԽ͵ģҪ֪ðѷ¥ˣǵûʲô£ҺǻЩͬڳ˼䡣
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ĵղŸոձʽ볯سпڽǣΪôǴ˸ɵ𣿡
յӦΣ
˵ʲôžˡ
յͷаǾͰѱ˰ɡ
һ仰µӲˣƬ̣ŵ⡪û˵ˣֻȰţûֻǵ;
ûҪˣΪһ˵ôࡣ
ڨڨһЦϸ㶼ͻԹˣŹ𣿡
ЦûôţʵҲ䱱ǷΥ棬Ǻ֮飬֮˵ǣȻЩִǽȴҶŷȻĻڻܸûƵôУ㿴鷳ôʾʲôͱʾû¡
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ʱϲϵȭôƣһֱ߶ţððǿۣץ⼸ƭˡ
ȻʱգԴһֱǳ黳Ϊʱ֮ܲԩȻܿͷ˳Ҳûгʲô࣬ǱһӶ
һۣЦҡҡͷȻȥˡ
ϵûдһ磬ٸٽ书صһץЩŷ¥ŷ֯ƭȡǮƵƭӡ
ǾѦúȥһˣϾ¸¥ĪĹϵֻЩƭӻѺ͵;УƽѺʴѦûúǰȥ


һ磬վȥãʱܵһ٣ٶһҪȰѦúóͷһЩƭӣҵźյ棬ƭӡƭӣŪúƭֻ쬵ģﰵ룬ƭҲװ
á
һһأѦҪˣԳӭЦͷʷһˣǹⲻȥ
ݸмǱģʱճҪֵĻ˵ֵʵȥѦҲҪͷѽǺղû֣ԸƿҰ׽ЩƭӣҪػһ㣬ҲѦԺչĿ࿴ССͣһؽʵװ
չЦңңѦʵˣҵڹ˽ⶼӦΡ
ǰƬ̣Ѧ㽫뵽¡
Ѧǳһڵ裬ֽ豭ϣЦǺǵʷ㣬Ǽƭӿµڶ֪ԭҲ˸ƭˡ
ûĻƭôڨڨѦһ仰ʱǽһˡ
Ѧ£漴ǸǸѦĳʧˣӦ˵ǡıԣԶԶԣıԣǲƭȴ룬˵Ŀ㣬ġǡ
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գգۣЩưͻȻǰѩҲùһаΨпЦԶԣͬа̽˿Ҳа֮Ī֮ɡ
⻹˵ˡѦԭǼǽʿܳ˶֮ӡ˽ⳡУǼǽ˳Ӵ˹ϵԭڳıƣδԸϵ̲ʣ޼ʴ˲ѡա
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һúնѦĿ࿴ѦˡЩƭӣǺտǼʷ漰˰ղϵĻҲôһִˣñܶҲкҪԭ
ףջ͢翴ˣ޷ƳЩԱ˼룬Ϊˣ϶Ƕ˵ȴźֻҪӣŶȻûҲԿӣԽԽãԴ
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⼸һıһһЩյҲûֹǣģƬ̣ͻȻСС˵֪ҿɷǵ˵ϼ䡣
С㶣漴ȻԣС˾ȸˡ
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Сߺ󣬺ĸƭӺǺǵˣˣˣʿɶֹˣȥɾ͹ˡ
˶ʱ̧ͣͷ㵵źա
Ц˵ǼѽΣң²סˣŪԼݼ˵ģǵݼҲǵ¯ĵزѦסˡ


366 һδᣬһ
˵÷Ƶ˽һǰС磬Ŀ⽥¸ȡˡ
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պǺһЦ㿴֣м룬ֱһҲֲڣ˵֣ҿӦһλ̽ٿǵɫ󣬰͸ź죬ҵɫûǵĺÿӣ˶췴һǰˣǵһҲ˵ǵһꡣ˼ѣҲѣΪβôҿΰɡУƶųãǾܹһƭɼǶһЩְ
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Ҫͼȥκһ£ǹȻǽְҵ򰡡
չһЦ߲ͨһˣؿģʵѲͬģ෴ڳϴڳеȻٵĹȥͬ飬磬˵Լļ˶Ѿɱˣǵֻ֣©ǵĹ̫ˣϾͲһһٶķˣôڸոձ׽ס̳еУһֵô侲ɼǸƭȡͬ飬ȾõĹʡ
˵ţֵ˵ǹˣѦЩǻȥˡ
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ʵһУնˣƾһУѩƵĲ֪ͬǣʱȷʵ鷳Ǻ׾Ͳ鵽ģûеĻ϶ȡֶΡ
ҧҧˣⶼ㰲ŵģϵġ
ڷӦȻˣ֤Ҳ
΢΢һЦǴᱻʵ̫̰ˡʵƭʺͬһطʹΡҵ֯Ÿոճûжã볤̫Զİն֪ôͺϵֻھܵؾƭҹԭҲһʣֻǺٸҷ¥Դ˰ĬͼϢˣ漴ҵ˼ʷ̶ǵĶ֪һִˣҵӰ죬Ӱҵ;ʴ޿֣ǹʼʩһʡȴû뵽һжǼĿľǹϵ

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յȻ£ϾһŵģЦһ˸еŶνܻ
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յƭʱӦõҵĵϸҽգ÷庫գǳ˶ǰߣʱұǡ
һǼеƨǸûȥݣһֱڡ

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ЦͱǵˣڵסֻҪҽ¸֪ѦôĹͣþе̷ҲҪǿڡ
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΢΢ü룬Ȼ߲Ϊη˻ֵķǳԩ鵹Ҳ˵ѣѵ顣Ȼüͷһ̧ʵҺǵƽͬǡ


367 ˮʯ
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Цмʱ̣֮ʤ϶ҲǵһɱˣҸݻƺԣȻôɴ˿ɼⲻһıɱʤ϶Ҳû׼˻̿У϶֤ݵģֻҪʤɱģôһһջ񡣡
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Ϊûֱӵ֤֤ʤɱˣǻƺĳ֣ӷ·תʴ֤ݲѦֻܶһЩһЩһʱ飬ʵһԵòЩ˯ˡ
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ԭƽһŮˣƽиͷǳϲϣֻǵʱʤǮʴʤȢϡ
еǣʮӶʮиǮˣҸոȥһλƯӣҲ֪ǶʤԲһΣҪûиӸŪ
һǳ׼ŭʤΪʤǰһЩиԼӵʤȻԼĲһŭ֮£˳־һѼͰииʵҲһӣϾкƤȻյûǮû뵽ʤȻҶֱ֣ӱͱ£ʤͱ˼
侲ʤͻȻеˣ׼ֳ֪иǵѰ˼Ź֪һžͼиڵϡ
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ΪƳϸִģ˯ˣҷûѲģٱĴѲӣʤҲִ֮ʱѹģʴû֪
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⽭Ҳȷʵʱʱֵ֮ʣ컹΢΢ҲиһЩʱջǮģŵģС˼֮󣬼û˴ӦּŵģǾƿһΪиӾſڣһע⣬һˤѪУָպʤڵϵļⶨһи˫ۣŵֱӱûнӵ
ʤֻˣϽǰװǴŵģֹŴУˣ񶼻ûлعͱץ˸á
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ϧֻ֣©ƫƫ˺գѹôǮҲǱˡ
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յʵӦľԼúõһȫˡ±Ӻú˰ɡ
˵ɣÿ
ʤѾ޵ˣǴʱĿûʲôãǲֵͬġ


368 Զһ
ûµģûµģͲүͣү
ոհ˶ʮĽһȳһſȥ϶˷֮ɫԵʱ򣬻ۺۣЦǺǵĴһкȻʶա
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΢Цĵͷɫɫˣ̫˽⽭ĴʱˡնڽĶԣȷֵÿĵһգΪծˣ֣֮ôǮȻûˣһͽԣʮʲôƳ̷أʮ廹ôӱСȣ̫صˡ
ĸ߲ãһ޿תͷһʤϣϴӺǰ߹ʱͻȻˡ
תͷźա
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չֿЦѦˡֻǼǹ¶ĸǳ֤˵֮٣Ҳ˵֮٣Ǳ˲ô룬ӿ϶ù˾Ե֣ܰľͰһ°ɡ
˵вԾһĨˡ
һĨ˾ԶӲȥӰΪǰһЩܱߵĿѺĹҪûǾˣˣܰһģҲ֪Ϊʲô뵱ݵʱҲǸǷǮǸͷһǮôҪ֪ʱ򣬸οˡ
Ѧһ㶣Ե˼ͷ˵ϵΪǶԵģǴ壬Ҫ֪һȨᣬָ֤ɷɷ淸ҲһܵģȻЩһѸԣܾġһºգ룬ĻδЦܵˣε֪ƺ֪һеģ
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ЦŵͷǰȥηǼƭʱͻȻֻƺڽ˫ֱ㣬ɪɪǰĹ۲죬ֻܹͨȿ֮󣬻֢״Ҿһ䣬֪ȻΪҹҹҲСҲ㲻ʲôڰų
ңû׼Ҳҷҹ޾ԣҵʱҲûжʣǵõ֪һ׮ͷٽƽ棬ңҿҲѣԾľ˻ƺֻ꣬ǵʱΪܻƺ֣û뵽滹ô¡
ѦƵƵͷмҿ㣬ȻҾ͡û뵽
ЦɲлңѦΪǼƭһĹµĻᣬȥǼλˣҲƺ꣬ôʹæҲﲻæⶼѦ廻ģɴ˿ɼܻкñ
Ѧ˵öЩˣֵˣˣֻһ֮ƣ㲻ʲôɱڷˡ˶٣ֵˣǼƭӣ˼Σ
յҷź̸ǵȷҲܿѾûκˣǾȥҲ֪֣ǵĵء
ѦЩ󣬵˵õΣ
յҪѾϢˣҲûֳʲô¿Ѿ˵ˣɴʹ»СС»ˣҷ¥һ͵ǳһծϾҿǳһԩǮˣҵʲôûеõȸƣֵõ˲һá
Ѧһãã԰ɣվʹߣ
հڰֵձˣסգǼ٣ҲǺóԵѵ
ѦǺһЦУ˵㡣
˫־ʹ̸һձ͸ˣкܶҪﵢĹѾԶԶԤơ
ͬģһѦһؿ˸ſڣĿ뿪νǸ輫ߵӦõģΪսհһæˣǽû뺫һ
ӹǲ򵥰
ѦźԶȥıӰ
һԵǰ˵ȷЩ͡
Щͣ
ѦعͷЦҿǴͰ
˻
Ѧʵô꣬Ӧ˽Ѧĳˣ֪ѦĳΪΪʲô𣿡
ءϸ塣
ѦͷǴ˱һҪϸ壬ܹע⵽һЩ΢ϸڣǿһ۰뵽ƺ˰йأ⣬ǶҪóԶһ𾪻ƺĹʱѾ뵽ʤļˣΪݶԴϱǴ󹦸ʱ뵽ȴԺϻ˷飬Ҳӵ֪ʤɱʱѾ뵽һ㣬ڹٳʮܹ꣬һѾǷǳ˵ˣƺ߳һѾ뵽һ
ˣͣӵؽǱ˵ĻܻˡǼƭӵģ˵˲ѵһǰҲΪΪ٣ȫƾϲĻЩķ֮ԣѽպˣҲԴ˸еκξȡ
һǼߵ۰


鸮
ټĿȴٵÿԵ÷ǳտͭʵС¯ð̣һɵζůƢ
ڿм䣬һĵ̺̺һŰϵǺڰ׷
һλŻɫµڰԣԼԼ塣
λǻС
ƴڵĹԱʵǷǳڼģΪʱڹҷǳʵ۶ͷڼӲԸԸ⣬ȻҲôö֮˽ڼϰߣֱʱڣƳĹԱſʼܡ
Ƭ̣ȻһܼҴ˴˽ү˵˵ү㲡ˣү㡣
гĬִָϣ̳˼š
ǹܼҵҲҴŸУһԺš
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˵΢΢һЦƲĲ⺫յȷһ˲ţƾ˽˳ǮŪʲô齱ҿоûһ˱ȵϣ˵òонǰеЩ뾡취̧ۣûΪ£ǻĥƤӣرʱڣ۶̧ȥǻһңǽ۽ںˣ˼ұĶҿǻô̧ۡ
ˣǺǵ¹ˣԼڶĻǾֵˡ
кһҺòݼ첡٣ֵһڣˡ
Ƽæ¹ٸˣ¹ٸˡ
иû
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˵Ŀ⽥淺ɫ˹졢ѭ֣Ӿںδأ


369 ֮
纫ϣ齱չ󣬱ûдģ٣ǽȴŴȵļ١
ûм٣Ϊ֣һûеգҶϲһл硣٣ΪҸĶˣ࣬ʵûбҪˣ䡣
ԱгĿ˻Ƿǳ࣬ԱԱ˭һĶˣ׬ġ
ʵڱĵҶԣֻҪģ٣Ǿ͸ģϢ֮ʣϽһ£ܱھӴкʲôģæĶϾ뿪Լĵ档
ֽĿתƵʱװˣŮǷǳؼģʧΪǱеɫʧȥŮյıֵٵýһ࣬ʴ˺ǷǳŮա
ңǺջĵһŮգҲҪŮǴȥϲȻϺյԸ񣬻˵Ĵͳ
ʱװǺΪŮ׼һ
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¥㱼䣬˷·صǰķ¥ǰķ¥ǿҹҹϸ裬һʱܹ͸
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ԭΪ·ڽʽװ˹ǵһʽĲţҲģشŵҪ·㡣
Ϊ˺ջ֣С¬ʦһǰۿȻҪĻ֣УϾǿµĴϰ壬ˣҲøиװɣ¬ʦԡֻͬԱ
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УҪΪʷϵһʱģصT̨ػţЩģصһҪǳ࣬ģҪг·ҪģϾҶ·ģһŮˣҪ̫ƯǷʣֻҪ̫ˣҲΪЩģһ㲢ܳĸ˿һ·
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֮⣬ȫǺΣղûεķ񣬵ĻûйϵǺվãŷķװڱ¶ʺŷŮˣйŮǺģرǹŴŮˣŮѾȫˣһڣڴʱ϶ʣϱ¶ķװֻСձĴƬвܼⲻǳĹô
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ȻʱûˣǷ¥ĺĳԱܵڣͲֻ֣ܵܡ滪СҰ¬֪һȺСһſ̨ӱϣϵĹƽкá⣬һϲı˵ܵܣƽкõͬʱС¬֪
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ЦʵһȹһۣһģǰֻһװõģƴӶɵġҹ۲죬İȹ׶ˣһɫĴ䣬Ҳǰȹǳϲһ㣬ܶŮӶɫ䣬ʴ˴ȹңɫ٣ʴԵЩ
һ壬ѾǴɫӷḻɫĴ䡣ԵӷףΪ׵һһƣͻʹ·壬ȥԵЩӷףһĻôͿʱͱһ󣬹ʴ㿴ȥҪӯһЩ
ƵƵͷȹûͦģȥһҲһ·ҷǳӯϸ
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ΪƳӡȾǳػؾôɫһǳ󣬵ӡûУܹͬ·ֻпײɫײɫɲҪɫĴ䣬һϣʵܱȣǽ֮ҲһƯ
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΢΢Цҳ˵ҷǳϲ뺫С罻ԭܿǺӵ¡
¬ʦȻԸңҲһƢͬҲǳӵһԣȻǿ϶άϵ飬ΪиԵ˼룬κ¶ᷢ磬ڽ̸䣬ձ˵ĳͬЦŵͷ˵ĺܶԣͬҪ
Ц¬ӣýҲڣ˿ǼϲǿһϾļα͵һСС
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УҾǸã㲻ƭһôշ˷۵֣ӣӸ˵仰Ǽ٣㻹յĻ𣿡
֣㶣жȻһǳ򵥣ȻǺձƳĻԣ¬ʦԵȷû͹һȹ٣ھǺսٵ죬¬ʦԣԵĵطô¬ʦ󣬿϶Σ㺫ղˣ¬ʦԾҲȥѽ⿴ƻԣʵ滰Ҫ滰һЩĺܣ֣жóϷֵߣС磬һлǸ߰
ҲЦŵͷ̾С治ΪŮ֮Ѱһԣ¬ַ޶˸׳Ƴ
˲¬ʦǱߡ
Ȼֻ¬ʦԺһվһͷӶ̸Ũ黰Ҳ˵̹ȫT̨ģأֻб˴ˡ
ʵ¬ʦԲӣֻƢԸһ㣬ӾָЩˣַָǳŰ޴ˣǳǴˣ˵ţӣǻԼĬ¬ʦԲ˵˶еߣװʲôˣ϶׺յ⣬ҲӶףٵĻ̫ˣȻˣΪβ̹Ȼܣ֪Ĵ
һнΪһʵĻԡ


370 ʱ
Ž֮󣬺׼õϯϣҪЩģز䲹䣬Ͼػ߲ôã϶۵ġ
ܵܡСҰζҲУЩģͬһϯǵǲֻǱȽ˷ܣߣ£ĵò˵ͺһƵáȻһϵģǺģǻڷ¥ĻǺܿУ˭һƽȵĻ¡
Ϊˣ¥ԱɣľˣһЩɨصģǶԸ뿪¥мǶˣΪһ˱ô̾ͻܵԸӵĿ⡣
¬ʦԡ֣Сڶ¥ٵĻΪ¬֪ոպС磬ҲǳϲλСָ磬ʴСһ飬ٱҲǱСҲûиң¬ʦԵ֮ͬ󣬾ʹ¬֪Сһ
С磬Ƿˡ
¬ʦЦֱҡͷӳɻô꣬ԭΪ˽ӶȻңȴû뵽
˵¶֮ɫԭΪԼٷǳˣ֪ԶԶ
Ц¬ĪҪΣʵֲ¬ӣǡǡ֤¬ʮֶ
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˵Цһ˵֣µöŮ˵ķΣʵΪˣȥ·ǾͲʵˣµ꣬˱ԺɵĸԼŮ쾪ϲǡɫᳫҲάϵ޸Ĳ
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¬ʦԵλ͵ܺο෢վЪƬ̣һٻرǣҲûгҹ̸ˡŶУ׼ȥʷ̨һʱɶ㲻һ˾һȥɡ
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һ㶣ԭΪ֣ǻᷴԵģϾ޶ǵɣ˵ֻǾñ̫ܵˣȴû뵽ǶԴ˲Ƿǳ⡣
¬ʦͻȻƻкܶ׶˵ġǵСʱһգʦҹҽǡһΣϧʦΪʱѾˣʦ˵ð̣ɾȵûأ̾ںЩҹʿͨ˵Կҹţǻȥٱͬ⣬ҿɻ˵ЩٱԴǮơ
ʵƵĿʲôأ
¬ʦԵ뻹Ϊ˷ɡ

ЦǶܹܶٱĶĿЩ˾͸Ӳö˵˰ɣҷûйٱѲӵģҴһҹͷ׷ױϢɱˣҲû֪
Ц¬ǲ֮ʵЩϲơ
⡰Щˡ˵ҲףЩͳߡ
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պǺǵǰһ̣ܣһ̣Ҳܣȴпܡ
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379 İ
ͷ׵ɫʣ
һķΣǸָ
ⳡʢ磬ͷβ޲͸ɵķ
֮֮
ⳡʱװĽľǽǸոտʼܵѹƣһķ糱Ҫˡ
С֣̫ɰˣ
С֣Щͼ㣬Цֱˡ

ܵһģ̨ζǾͬѾõԹƵã˾СֵͷֵͲû˵ˡ
ܵܶôʵһӣͦŴӣ˫أٺֱЦ
ͺվں棬Цҡͷ
ССֿɲˣֻҪ뷢Ц
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պǺЦ˼ϣģΪ֪ܵ⺢ӣϲ˴ģϲǿʹ࣬ʴ˺վ뽫ɸبһλЦǣǧ򻧴ȥЦС־ͿԿֹһˡ
磬СҰұֵ
ܵŴúͶãĵǰڴʵ
СҰǺֱЦ֪ôݡ
ʵͽĴãЦֻҪ̨ˤһӣҲǳɹ
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ҿСӵҪһŷģƻгɰǧŮ˰ݷ£оܻŮ˵ķտЦõˣˣҪվǰ棬˭õ㡣
ܵͷҲŶЩ㶼ͦߵġ
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洫һɧ
ɫһ⣡С֡СҰ쳷
Ƭ̼䣬˱ʧں̨
ǰŸߣЩŮ˺žˣΪʽ񶼻ģϵģǻѽϽŽǵſڡ
ǼŸϹΪʲôȻʽκʱ۰
ʲôʹ࣬ȻǿüԲš
ǳʱװѾЩٸ󸾵òģ޲Լ̾ʹһ
һߣȻĿꡣ
ǣµ껹úղſţǲϰˣղǱҲˣаɣƫƫõȵȥⲻǳô
ûа취Ƿ¥һķ񣬲ȵöǼգʱôԵˡ
ʵѽܸо߸˿һջѿ˱ƷȥǺִˣҲûа취Ҿڣˮ˵ˣЩŮأûзŹ׷ʵģǹⷽ棬ڣƿ⣬ﵹǰѺԹ˸
ⲻ֪յ뱻ǲȥģֻǶ붼з֮ͷܴ󣬺ջ²߻𣬵ȻΪؼĻ
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ոճ¥ڣͼһŮվԺſڣ˭
һŭݣվںüԶǰ¿ڣ͵е׷òҾһ͸㣬Һյķ񣬷ģһȹӣˣ֤϶һ޶ġ
͸Ů֮˵ôɡ¶ʱתŭΪϲϻ˭˭˵ˣʣҪЩװΣֻ빧ϲ㣬ǳͷˡ
ǵҲǣ·ȴ·ƯˡлսֲΪԼΪκνͣһ㻹˼˵ˣ̨һĸҳ֪֪ʱжôľգЩһʱװ㣬˵㾿һߵġ
һӵԹԶʱϵãȻգգۣôô
㵸Ҿ˵ʲǫ̂ʶͱõģ֪ģûж飬ܱѾǳˣûа̨ҲȥѽѵôҸղ̨ϽŵĽֺͷڷôһҲ㶼ȥˣңС¹ûпЩŮҶ˵ʱҶȥģΪʲôΪûл˵˰
ֺͷܿô´㵵ţ
൱Ű
ΪһҲûп
ֻΪҴЬġ뿴ѽȫŮˣôߵһˣƽʱİŮ˶죬ôŮˣܲ𣬶ңлˣҪôأҷǵ׬ǮѽΪҵӣȻ治֪˵ʲôǺˡҡͷԣί
ҧҧĿ͸źɣղǵһش򽻵ˣһ˵޴Ӳ˵ֵȷе̨Ǳõģһȷǿܷңһʱ仹治֪ںƣ˵ġҲĹǽݣǾתƻ⣬ǺӲתƻ⣬ͻȻܵܵС֣ĲȥӨӨô
ܵܵͷ
޳ܣȻСֳơ̵ˣˣͱϹˣ˵ɹһôͻҡ
㡪
˫Ŀһɡ
СҰ쵱ң۾ۡ
ռæСҰǰ
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˵ţת뿪ˡ
һ˵ģǾƾ죬Ҫ˵ȥʮΪϼơ
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տĶӵıӰǺЦͻȻϻ棬ǸϽ۷ȥǻص¥ڣֹϯѾȥˣףѾ𣿲ѽΪʵӦͦʲǣôܲ˵һ
ֹԺɼ¬ʦԡ֣С˴˹æǰλӣأ
֣еѾعȥˡ

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¬ʦЦ΢Ѳ಻㣬Сֳ֮󣬾ĳˣǸ˵һ
ձʾĵͷϽôأ
֣ЦϽǰģû뵽յһۣˡ
վļٵģ
¬ʦͬʱͷ
һģУ¬ʦԵͦߵġ
ƵǱҰһʵֵС٣ûзʲôʵġ
¬ʦЦʵҲûԣֻ˵ôȥʷ̨㣬൯װ١
ʲô
ߵǵһѽշҸϳģôֳװ٣
¬ʦԺǺǵǡ޶򲻹Ъ緢ʽշ纮֢
⡪
Լǲˣʶ¬Ӽð
¬ʦԵҶԴδĲ֢һ㶼ǵ÷ǳ̡
𣿡
չһЦҲţǲҽ֪ҵʱ͸ǲˣҪţң浽Ҳ°
֣֪˵ͷǳܣץʲôѱˣˣҪ㣬ɣʵϣܹҲ˳ĸ٣ʷȻȨ󣬵滹ʷةʷѹţְ̫Сһ㣬ڳ֮ϸǿҵ֧֣ǻĿǰƺеҪܹڳϳ֧
һ㶣ϵ˼ǣ
ۣʷòڴ˵ղѾԽأǺѹĶˣȻֻ˵¬ȥϣܹȡһʷһְ
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380 ɵ
һǿǷͬСɰ
նԼĶ䡣
ʷһְλǿʷ̨ϴƷֱӵ࣬ʵĸ࣬Ȩ
Ǽأϰûм죬ǰƷС٣СûͽȥȡʷⲻǿЦʲô
ˣǾͳˣﲻ˵ĵطȻڣͬʱǲˣСҰԺţ׼κ˽Ժζǡ
صڣվȲĿڵⲻܰɣ
ֹ֣̾㣬ҲţǱµȷ˼ֻûֱ˵ˡ
ʵҲǱµ֮٣ʡǹ˹ˣ˵ǽȥȥҲżΪŰһµĹԱҲ˹˹Ψʷ̨Ŀ״Ǹ˹һߵġ
֣е֮Կ״ûܵ˹żҲֻΪһֱԲڴϳʷ̨һֱڴ
΢΢üԹ˹ĳǸӦͽˣ̫ܻ
ڡ
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΢һӵ˼ǣǱ²ʷһְ䵽˹
ͷʱҲδĽȥȰ⻰˵ˣ½һôȵ״ȥ֮Ǿͱ¿ɾ޽ھܾˡ
֣еʷһְȨ󣬶ҷǳΪúõĻǽһϾʷܹٹ٣ҿֱڳϵκһλ̫࣬ξڡʡǲҪˣְȨǱģΨʷ̨ǾйԵģҲΪʲôϻǽʷ̨ԭ򡣡
һİšûԻϾͰϣϣǼ˭ʺϵʷ򣿡
¬ʦҡҡͷûһʺϣʷҪְٹٶֱӹϵһֱɵ¸صĴΣʵ۱ֵĻҲʣΪлкܶ¸صĳֻǹ˹հԶͽŽʷ̨ʱʱ̵̿ʷةҲȷʵһһģвûκŪ٣ʹʷ֮ȨֻҪ״ȥôȷѡҲûͷҪһ
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ΨǼģȫȫˡ
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¬ʦԴ˴ͷΪʵ̫ˣȻĻҲ˵ôޣҹűҲֻϣȥȡһ£ɹϣ΢΢
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ʷ̨רŶԸģèܶ࣬ţҲȷ²ܷãʷ̨ȫҪʷ̨ŷ࣬ǽҲʧȥһ
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¬ʦԡ׷׾ȵźա
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֣ҡҡͷ㲻˵Ҫ˵ȥô
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յ˵ǰǾ䣬뽯֮ͨһȥҪЮĻһɹ
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յͷһ뷨ڻܹȷ֪ܷŪʷ̨ԱһЩϸϣǵļԱڳΪٵġ
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мƻܱûмƻҪá
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381 Ŀ
Ϊʱȣʴ֣ǲûڴ˶Իؼ׼ȥˡ
ǰŸߣԪĵѩԺ
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ѩԵЩǲҴأ
һ㶣漴ЦǺǵȻǣֻһҸ档
ѩʲôҸ棿
յһҲͦ׵ģҪ澡˲ŻȥȻĻǿɾͿˡ
ѩһϲġ

öŮ֮󣬺Ц֪λ÷ʱװ
ѩ̼ǳÿÿһѶǳƯŶСǼǾЩأЩѿȥڴŵʮƣȴЩơ
նԪĵڣ̽еİѩ
ѩȻ򣬵ԭˣҾ˵Щ֡
Цﲻһȥô
ѩһ㶣ģЦŲ
պǺǵǣǮСȥˡ
Сɣǿɶ񣬿һȥ߶
ѩ죬ǿóԹеҲֻǿɰ
һЦͲҪˣǮδҲ˼ˣȹˣʱգ͸㡣
ѩһĨϲ֮ɫĿڲһ⡪ô˼
յͲҪҽˣݿûչˡ
ѩʲôʱչˣû㡣
Ц˵ҲûдûۣҽҲܻӵôǮƣʧ֪Ǹ
ԪĵͻȻ˵ѩȹӶѾأ
յͷ
Ԫĵɵε֪ѩѣ
ѩһ㶣漴ѽҼǵûи߹㣬ѵСɸģСҲ֪

յ˵Ŀ⣬ǻô
Ŀ⣿
ԪĵȻţɵѩһۡ
ѩĵ㣬㿴
ΪҸʲôɣһѸô룬ôշŰ۵ʵĵӣҲ˰׼һ

Ԫĵ㡪ô֪
յ˵Ŀˡ
Ԫĵտʶ˫ֻǰһĶ
ձˣǺǵ㵲סģҲ֪㴩·ܿ˿ʲô
Ԫĵȵôܣ
յǲںڵֻҪɷӡ
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ѵʲôԸ֪ô
㲻ǲֻ֪ǲԸ˵ˡ
΢΢Цڿʱװ֪֮·϶ֹܹܻӦ󣬸ο˱ӦýڳӦȫôӦҪһˣڶء
㶼Уȴ֮󣬱㽨ֵǿУؼǵطǶû㹻ĵطǡǡԪҵƣǴӦˣôôһָأҪһʱҲòôǮԲװʩᣬôͿԽ˴ҪЩӹȥΪһ˫Ӯľ棬ֻԽ׬Խࡣ
һԪĵǴľ
ѩȵĵ㣬յ˵ô
Ԫĵۺһۣ漴һͷ
ѩOӣСգ㡪ĿԿʲô
ȻԣʵѲ¡
պǺһЦԪҿҴƵһ̣µ꣬һ׬ǮԪҸϣһֻɣıģӵԪôĵ̣ҲССµ꣬һģҲĵڵɵͬʱѾһµɹĻģ
ԪĵЦǰԼʵ
ҡҡͷҲûԼʵҿǵĲϵ棬㲻Ҳ𣿡
ԪĵǷӦأ
ҡҡͷⲻܡ
ԪĵƾǵĲҪģʵ̫ˣⲻǷǮ׬ô
ЦֻǲӦ÷Ӹ㣬ǲû˵Ӧģ
Ԫĵü޳ͶǮɲôģʱĿҲ㲻
⵱ȻܡЦΪǿµһأ·Ҫȼ۸ɲ̫󣬵Ҳռıˣƽصļ۸ŻһˣңøһǷ˵Ļᣬ֪µڶ벻òôǮ׬Ǯٻ
˻ǽƻԪĵ㻹ǻ⡣
˴ˣ˴ˡպǺǵӦ֪ʲôɡ
Ԫĵ룬ǮԪҿϣǿϣһһҲԸģżֻԪҡ
յͷҵػûĴһǮͿˣ벻̫ԶԪҲͬҴҵθҲССòǵ磬СǮ㲻ǡֻռɷӣǿҪģôܵóһЩ˵ǣǹڵϣȥɣҲôġ
⻰˵棬ͻȻоִЩƻƵģ룬ǰǷԸǶ
ԪĵûоֻǾһִܸУӺпٵɷӵϲøУȻ޴棬ʱ˵
յֻ֪һʵˣϲ̤ʵأߵ̫죬ܲˣƽʱǷ˼һǮ跹˼ҪǷһʾ޿ȥ찡ʵ޷һô
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Ҫʵ¶ˡԪĵһ䣬ö˵ˡ
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ǿǿѩǲõЦʧˣƵǰôʵǲǺܱ

뷨ôôѽϸһ룬ǣ˵һƭ⣬һֱϳưͿǹգȴȻǣ˵ǰҲڵľɡðɣһ˵ƣ񡣡
Ԫĵ㳵ָɣǶˡ
ôͷ󺹣ҿûô˵Ҽʱǰˣ˵һߵѵð㣬һֶУ̫ˡ
һ仰µԪĵִֺ졣
ͣѩ͵Цһ־ģǸϽתƻգĿһۣ֪Ǵȹô
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幹첻רҵô찡ǹŴˣڹŮ˵һдﶼѲҡæǸǸ˵̬Լ󣬲Ȼ˼˵ԼǸŮ֮ѣҸҶ췢ģ˵Ҿһ㿴ʲôרҵ֡Ǹʲôȥ˵õҪþˣ


382 ȯ
硣
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տɻŮգЩŮˣǾͲˡ
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յʲôܣҹųд֪ˣֲֻ֪ƳǿԪĵǿɶ֪ģ¸ʲô
ΪʲôҪô
һ㻹ôҵﻧʱЩ˶µģ϶ǱǴȥǱǻʵĸı䣬ĺ£ǻʲؼֵصˡ
˵ֲҲ˵ʱװģô˵ϺΪ֧Ůնġ
ն˵ģ֪ǲɸıģϢȥڱȷǷǳõеֲϾǵĵʵ۰ͷУ֪ˡ
̸䣬˺ţȥǰ濴ˣմ˽¥ڣʱѾ˲ˣǱˡ
С磬ľͲˣǽĿɶͬƾʲôյʱװûǵķݣ͹ķֺϼֵӡ
û¥ܹҺĵطȥֲûеط
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Щ˸һգͷ׷׿ڣΨķϣºͼָˣţǵ͵
ԭʱװ󣬲Ů˶ȥǵĵ棬ѯЩģشκ֬ĵҺۣǶ֪£ܲԹգ̫ƫˡ
ЦŵͷλλһԡɲƫģҵƷպʱװ󣬹ʴ˲Żôš
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ʱװ㶼ѾˣٱԹҲزʲôˣҲҪƽգҪգǹؼ
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Щҷ׷ţ׷װʵ̫թˣǵıԹڰǮ
ն룬Щ̣͹ŽһҪǮˣͲˣ浱ǿӰżΪžƾ軰ʱװĵλЩλһ죬Ϳһλˡ
ķϣͻȻС磬Ҳ̫ϸˣôһλѣҪǮ
ָѽǶСôˣýǮǻ׬ʲô
Щ˷׷תͷȥɿһһ͵ġ
аЦֻϺ꣬һתһһλҲ¶ɫǮûܣȻûܣǻ̸ʲôЦⶫԸλ⣬Ҳ޷´İɡҽսдǰкҪܸλ
Щһ⻰ʱ¶ϲɫϾջδʧ
յȻյʱװ㣬λûеŸλҲһֱڹעʱװϸڣ϶Ҳָƣƾλҵ۹⣬֮һţȡĳɼλҲһһˡ
ԵͷֻĽ룬ǵĹϵƺ
΢΢һЦͻȻߵֵͷ
ֻһ˶һľľװŵһƻƱ⣬ÿ˸һš
ȯ
Ǯ󷽿еƱü
ЦǴȯԭΪ֮µ׼ģ֮һķκǽȥȯԭǴ㣬ȯ֮ʹãұϾǱˣҾбҪ츣ңǶͷͬĻŴȯڱκһҵʹá
ķϣתͻȻƳƱı棬ʱĿ⼱̵û
Ǯ󷽵㵱ȻûȯдһŴȯͼֵʮǮ֬ô˼ΪʮǮ˵óǮĿǴף΢ͼ˵ʱҡͷԡ
⣬̼ҶǷ׷ҡͷΪȯԼĵˣòãòá
ЦǮϸ綨ûп档
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Ǯ󷽷һ˫Ŀһ뻨ѳʮǮʹá
սŵȻ׼۵ֵ֮ͣʣ׺ܿͻӿгˣҲӦҪ̭ˣ۸϶Ҫͣ˴ܹǮϸĽ׳ꡣ
ǮСӻζ˼£㲻ˡ
һɫҵԤ⣬֮ŵǰգһǹӦôкܶȯӿ뱱ʮǮ಻࣬Ҳ٣Ҳֿϧģʱ϶̼ǽλĵ̽лѣ˱Դ߸λ۶Ҳ˵ÿһŴȯʮǮλǮ棬ܻӲµĿˣǰҪӵҪ˲ǵĸλˣӦòܾȺ°ɡ
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һмġպǺһЦŴȯڣҸұ֤֮ڣû˿ƽȯһ˵αˣۿҲСһ׼ʮǮܽȯõα죬ѵ⣿
£ŶͷԶԶԣϺͿˡ
ЦǾ仰Ǻãܺãҿɲȥġ
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һµͷͨ
µһѸ߳ˡ
յһЦǵźˣԺȯʱһƵġ
̸֮󣬴ұԻȥˣϾŮգѾŮˣǿɲﶺ̫ã׷רͨ뿪ġ
ոճ÷¥ü˹׼к˺С磬С磬
ջعͷֻķϣ˹Ϻ껹ǷƤ񣬼ںҲȡóɹЦǺǵûв´ĻķһΪǺġ
ķϣ¹ЦСȻλҿҪˡ
յͷķҪļλҲţ⣬һɳڵĺȫȨ硢ʱװ֬ϣȻ㻹֧һǮǿ̸ġ
ķϣһζһ£ϣ̫лˣǾһΪ
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ķϣˣ̸ֻ˵൱ֱӡ
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յǵĻûôģЩλþһĲֵ͸˵һǮĻ޾ģỹиƵ롣ΪѾ÷Ƶ׼㲢û׼
ڨڨֱЦ
δ¥гһֵܾزǽ׬Ǯ̫ˡ
յ¾ͽˣһЩҪ
ͻȻС磬գʵܣ㾿ڸʲô
յ£֪ˣҿܲˡ
ƺҲѾϰ˺յأҲûжʣ˸ȥ̻֮ˡ
֮󣬺վʹСҰˣֱڶŸ˻
֮ôϣΪ֮֮գȻܳ棬Ҳÿⷢʲô⡣
Ů˸⣬һҵǰŮˣѹѹһƬǲ֪ǵΪм˵겻ɡּĸ֮֡
ΪƳҶҲй涨ģߣжԲߣղҶֱŪĸȥ͸Աгһһ壬⻹һʢĵ֮ı־
ôţǼˡ
Сʲôã̫ĥˣʲô¶ѽϣһˣˮ治֪˵ʲôǺá

̫Ѿ֮ĴأԽţʵļǰԹ𣬿žͺҪƵá
ʱ̣֮ĵڴˣǰȺŮǾͬˮһӿ˽ȥ
˲䱬
ԱߵĵҼˣٿԼǿյĵ̣ǸĽʺް


383 
ȻʽλصĻûǾءĸı䣬֮µװ굹ǽ˺ķ񣬵ȻߵĿ϶ߵ·ߣΪܹ·˶ǹŮӣװҪ߶˴ϵΡ
ǽ϶һӱķΣ滹רŹ·ļӣһĿȥͷףĿţӦӲϾ⣬м仹һ̨˹á
ŮǿôöѻһǼֱQָŹüеãá
⣬һֱŷ¥ܹճۣˣѪƴʱ
Ŷԭ⡪ȹһģǷֿģѹǰտú֡
Ҳһġ
ʱװյףڴʱһĽҿˣǴҶԵ÷ǳ˷ܣֻǡ
ӵ
̫ӵˣ
Ůǿм֮飬޷ʩչˣżѽ¸ˡ
λӣżż׼ķǳ֣֤˶зݡ
ֻʮȹĵԱվ棬ʵûͷ̫ˣֻܶЩ꣬ƺǲ̼䣬ԱǾ͸Ͷͷ󺹣ͷðˣƣӦҿǻܹϸѵȻĻſˡ
úЩרϰˣǵÿźţҪȥƳ
⼸һһ
ڰ׸һŶŶѥӣ˫
ЩĺŻڰο˵ĵԱʱͣסˣԼĻҲ˻ɣľзô
򣬻
Сӣȹȥ¼ԡ
̫ˣǲҪˡ
һСߴԱ˵
ŶҲûйϵ֮ȹϸĳߴ磬ֱССУشֳߴ磬ҿСӦǴСŵģСϲĻȥʣ֮ڣǿɲŪˡ
ôǺãҾˡ
ԵȣھͰȥá
ô
ŶЩԴģһЩ࣬ǻӲֿոµĸ㡣
ǻܵ

ллȹӣ⣬ǻżֵʮǮĴȯڣȯڱκһʹãҪѴﵽʮǮ
ôôҲͦ氡Ҳ͵ô
֮רװȹģһ¼ܣΪЩȹ۵壬ӰۣУ¥ľѾһרװȹ¹ǸλȤĻȥһ
лллл

ӣȹѾˣ˴λܼǮǻãȥʲôϲĹá
йͰ
һԻǮǻһֵһǮĹãѹǮʮǮǻһǳرĹá

һҼ򵥵µ̫꣬棬벼¼ܣ¹¿۵ȵȣܴ̼⡣
棬Ǿ޴ġ
֮֮ǰû뵽ˡ

ʱŮ˸ǿյģûа취˶ȥ·ˡ
Ԫĵվ¥Ŷµ꣬һŮŴС˷ܵĴ˳˷ܣδģüһһǵ͹µ󡣡
߻վһŮӣźŮΣŮжԪĵ֣ĵ㣬ˡҶ˵һ䣬ƾԪҵʵֻɷӣδҲ̫ˡ
Ԫĵҡҡͷǲ֪ɷ滹д飬ĪҪСﺫˣ˵ƻĺˡյǸ˸ѡǲƥʳ̫ˡһ鲼ȹʵһ鲼Ǽֵͷʮ
ʳͬҲˣһײŶǮǱɸĻʹΪɹˡԪһֱ׬ǮʲôʲôҪԷ䣬׼۰󣬵йصĶǳ󣬹ʴǲ׬ǮնԣˣССĵ಻ʤ׼ȴǳˣʵǰַʽȥ²ֹ̫ۣʱҪıˡ
ͻȻȻĵãǺβҲ
Ԫĵ΢΢һ㶣ΪҲôǣǸƲӱķΡ
ЦⲻǿԽ֮ķһЩɣı䣬ǵķ֮֮һҵҲչ˲ǹãͬҲ
Ԫĵ΢һ⵹ǿУǲǸǵĺߣã˷ǶʩЧ򭣬һԶһԪ¶ȣܸ˺ȥһЩò÷һЩӱķΣҪ͵һķʳס˭˲ҪԶʧȥȻġ
ͷǣһȥŵġ
Ԫĵ⣬ѧ֮ŪһЩǵĹ꣬ǵĻ꣬ȫǴŮ˸ơ
һ㶣֪ôˡ


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ֻա֣¥ڣƷŲ裬϶żЦ⡣
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յʵǰҲǲԣֻ׬ǮѣҪǴгǾͱö໨һЩȫ׼Щֵõģǵ֮ʷᣬΪϵķӣҲΪεĴʣͬʱ츣ٰգſˣδڣһҼµͻһð
֣˼漴ҡͷЦҸ׬Ǯˡ
ԭǸȤģǼ֮󣬾ͽʧȥȤΪ֪ԼôŬⷽҲԳˣẠ̊́Ǻβȫȥ˵Ѿ˹٣ҲǶˡ
㻹ǻᵱ˦ƹ񡣺ղɵñһһ
֣вˬͻȻʲôƵãϽͳһϳЦǺǵǱʷ̨йԱϣлǵļ塣
ۣô찡
ҲǴգ֣ҶҲЩϵⲢѲ顣
֣赭д˵һ䣬ֵҪЩǴʲô
ҡҡͷĿǰûоļƻ֮ԻǣϾһҲ첻¡
֣еǿ״ǵȲôãҷʱȥ¬һ˵״ֹܲۡ
΢΢һЦʷΣΪߣ²Ǻô
֣ۺա
տЦ˵һȻҰһжˣԻ㡣
֣е㻹ĥѽ˵ôһ㣬粻˵ˡ
Ϊһɵ񣬼Ҫ÷ס޼ǵ죬һ˳ĵʷ⡪̫ˡҪǺ˵ûа취ǾҲˣɺƫƫֱֵķǳţβ档
ʱСҰͻȻ˹ںնСֹ˼䡣
һЦĻʱ򣬰ˣһְɡ
֣к˵ʲô
һûʲôûʲôǸе˽£ǲܷˡ
֣еҲûϸʣ޷޷ҲøˣҸոջԼ¬ȥʷ̨Ͼ¶ˣҪٲȥĻǿɾ̫֪ȤˣȰҲϽȥһˣпв˶ġ
Ƶ
û˵
֣иϽ
֣к󣬺̳СҰСҰϽȥǣϷѾʼˡ


384 
ڽջŮգʴζһͳȥȥˣδֵǣһա
ܵܡ滪ǸɣľȥйȥˣãкóԵĻǶһЩϾطһЩÿһɣľܵܶĬĬĸ󣬲ܷ紵ǳųȥġ
˺Ժûɶˡ
ֻһڴ
һλŮڴߵǰָܷܷḧңɴ˶
һͻȻȻֹ
Ůתͷȥڰϵһ˧ӣֻһֳŶͷƺڳ˼ʲôδ٣ͣأ޶ԡ
ŮԸ硣
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л΢΢һôأŶ㵯ˣ
˼ǵԸ磬ǲʲôأô겻ġ
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˼Դ˲ȤҲһЩںյ飬л⻰еĬͻȻԸ磬ﻹЩǮƣȥӦɡ
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ջ¶Цüһ㻹˼Ǯƣζǵ⣬ѾҲ̫˰ɡ
ⲻ¶֪лԶǼεĸǳҪãʴ§ݴӣ˼ζǵǮ˹


ʱ֣л˼ֳ֮ñǣõǱȥĻǻŲļ֮飬ȡ֮һζЦ⡣
ţǰһĿȥֻǰĵ·վŲˣһŵӵĺӱһľ峵ײڵأĹɢضǡ
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Ű峵ĳಲӷȿ
ӵĺһ¾ʹ㽲ײңȸ״ĪǼҺ۸
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ʹ˭㲻ɡ
˫һ߰ˣߣ׼ɡ
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лԲмһЦҡҡͷȻϵСȥ
ԶվŶˣһһǺպСҰ
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պǺǵΪ̹ΪƭӵĻйƵĺõģĻԸϢˣΪƭϲҪ鷳ˣոձײлԣԷôͣһǸʴ϶ѡСմ鷳
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ôƫƧĵطŮ
лԿòһ㶣һǰţһбעŮӡ
ŮƺûвлԣأԴź棬Ƭ̣ͻȻǰǰһ
л΢΢üѵ
뷨ŸոðͨһֻŮԾС
лԴʧɫվƬ̣ͻȻɿǰʵŮӲǺԶܵӱߣ˵Уһӳӵףһͼлð棬лһŮӡ
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Ůӳˮ棬ҵĿ
лԿɹ˲ôˣŮӾӰȥ
ʱڶ԰վӰǸոյĺպСҰ
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СҰȴһ󣬵磬֪лԾһȥݺ㣬лݺδ棬ܹȣ˵һô
Цһ´㿴ôлԳȵԭжһݺϴŵĿһǳ˿ȹлԳ켣ڷ糾֮أһ۾ܿˮǳ˵Ļ̫ΣգڳȥһƭӣҲһǮˡ
Ϊʲô϶ȣΪƭӶѰҶֻ֣ƭӻȾضĶ󲼾֡лԾǰߣ˼ʶһɺϣΪϵ˼ƭӶԣǻᡣܶƭֶǴпʼģֻҪƭҵᣬǾͻ̽ıĿʼ
ܹô˿ȹֻŮˣһ־Ǹˣһ־Ǵ˼ҵŮŮһͬ㣬ǷǳǮлֵݺӵһ𣬻ͳˣһǳõĻᣬӢ۾ɲɹ˵ǸʪĴۣסᣬκһƭӶ˵ġ
СҰӺԣ˵ͷһлԲˮô죿
պǺǵƭӿʱ׼·ģˮ·ǳߵ·ߣ˵ˮƭӱرļܣںܶƭУҪʶˮԣлԲˮԵĿԷǳС
СҰ磬Ϊ֪͸
΢΢ЦΪǿԸı˵˼άϰߡϰߣʴ˴ͬһְҵˣһƵĵط


385 ټ
һլԺС
ֻŮȵϱţ϶Ե÷ǳ
үүˮˡ
һŮ澶һðˮ첽һǰ
ǰվһ峤۵ˣŭ˫ۣӵ۵ܰ˽ȥ
Ůﻹ˵ʲôˮææ˽ȥ
վǰⲽţ߶߶ġ
ֹһǵһŴһŲµ˳
˼æǰУŮôأ
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ллأллء
˼Աк˹ȥ᷿Ƭ̡
иߣһݰ׾˹ֲֻŰײڲϣүλлѾϴˣʱںš
һ㶣Уھ͹ȥ˵ЩŮ澼䣬׾ӿ첽뿪ˡ
Уֻл档
̿첽ǰҾлӾСŮһ̷Ϊ빫һ񡣡
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лԼæһҾлԺεºܣܵǰ˴ǰɷˡ
̷ֱַлԣݺ޹ȣСŮǡ
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лԼæ˳Ż˵λ˵ĶԣǰĪҪˣνֻࡣ
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лԹһ
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εµֻһӺ
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лԲι̸ܼ²ҲǱʫ֮ʿ
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ܰôƽʱЩ˶ǳãôôˡ
ⶼǳүƽʱôãϳɥ£˲Ÿ

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лæңңιܼˣ̲ĺ⣬졣
ιܼҵ͹ӳȥ
ˡ

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СҰϣŽѾӣĵ磬ʲô
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СҰ˵ͷͻȻһ˫ȹסɣ塣
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ҿɲϲһףɡ
һ죬΢΢Ц

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յǾͺáʵμ棬ӡΣ
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ļٲˣٵ治ˣαװܻͿ˭ĵиˡ
յлϹֻϷ򵥵Ĳ֣ǵĿ飬˿̲ŸոտʼлһǳˣȻҹʱû뵽һƭ֣һ¶ţɣʴǿɱԴˡ


386 ƿȫ
̷ɫء
ǰƭһЩСƽգһƭƭӾͱץ˸ţΪƭӵǳ񣬶һ֪лԵĵвǳʴֻҪ΢¶һܱ֣Ƿǳǡ
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յͷҲ֪ƽʱûеϰߣӵĽǶɷΪ֣㣬Ὣն͹һҧ΢һģȥҧ㣬ֻҧ㹳㡣
ͷˣʷ˼лԷˣ뿪ǻὫƾͼƣӳȥնˡ

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ЦҲģлԵÿһҵļ㵱УֻҪһǰȥôпѾˣôƣʼӲҵơ
̷ЩðˣǰΪԼǴˣںǰǶԼֻǺеӣûзĻǵһؼֶܹÿһˣƿʵֲ̫ˡ
һۣҲҪģεУⲻҵĿģҪסҲҪƭҪƭָоңǶԣҲһԼĻᣬӦú޹ǲǣ㱻л֪Ҳ׷ٸͨȫҵģ˶ڣӲʲôΣաҵĻһᾡȥһоˡ
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չһЦһֵҪּڸ飬ֻҪǰյһ㣬лԾͿ϶ˡ̷㣬ΨһŮոձǿ飬ܺʱεأ϶ҪаˣھΣûµʱڴϾͶȥһ£ԼŮıǿˡ
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Ը⣬ȫ˰
ݺ̷ӦǸǸҲ˵ǣ˵Щˡ
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ʵҲ룬лԲͨˣұġ
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㵵ΪλҪ͡
շŰ۵Ϊ֪ǲգҲҪѽˣǻ͸ƨһˣҲˣؼܴͽڼּҡ


387 Ҫ
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Ԫ¼˼ôãʴûڣվԺɹ̫ʷ̨ôһЩʱæҪЩʱеҪ
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îָ֣ǣ
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ĵǼҿ۴һʿ壬˼ҿɲϡС٣ʱڼоѧʡ
îǰ֣ǵѧʣ绹ҪʡģﲻǹҸѡ
׵֣Ǿͱ˵ˣǺҲء
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Ҫ뿪Ҳ䣡ðԺЦȴϸ磬ԩѽʵǲ֪ةҵģȻʮӣҲô˵˵Ҳ֪ةΪҪң⡪һʲôɡ
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ս˫ȭة㿴ңѾ׼ˣȥɣȻĻֵ˵ְˡ
ӲŲȥ˵ϸ״ϾǻεˡһתЦǺǵҿóȷ˿๦ǽ괺ǰ˹еʷѾѲˣҪȥҲõȵˡ
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ȻҲҪȥѲûˣĿһɨܿҵԼҪĶһįҪȵ갡
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ЦЦɣԪ°ȥһЩڼʷѲϸա
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һԪһѵϽգЦ㿴ġ
ﲻ֪ʲôĵǴһϣةɿϣǴ̸Ҫһûؼҿɡ
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ЦǺǵ
ˣʷ̨ĹԱǴӲġ
ǡ
Ͽĵ뿪ˡ


388 轣ĵ
ջŮգϾ֮Ÿոտţ֮öŮ˵ķΣΪܹ֮һٳʴ˺صӳŮա
ǻ˵Ůո¥˴಻㣬ţֻרͨ
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С磬С硣
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֪ȷʵΪԼģȻҲʾ֭ˣЦûбҪģʲôˣ˼˰ôżˡ
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ԪĵЦұܳЦˣҲý֪еô򵥡

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394 ޾
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Цһ㲻ҷĹһЩʷ̨¼Ĺϵʷةʵʷĸ֣ͨεʷ򶼻ʷة͢ҲʷĽΪ׼ʷ򳣳ãһʷةͻΪʷ̨ĳ٣ʵȨʴʷةһǳؼְλʷڣôֻһ٣ûеĻôǳˡ
֣еʷةʷһ㶼Ǩ;˭˶뵱ʷʷة
¬ʦԵһʷôʷةͿ˳ôְλ˭أ
ЦԪʷ̨ǷǳϵģҪκһҲ֮Сûİѱ֣ôͽİѱ֣ôͲǰͽᣬвˡ
պǺǵĸˣʷةֻһְλ൱Ҳ൱ʸΪʷةǻͬʱͬһѱôɾȤˡ
֣С¬ʦͬʱһڿˮȥ룬һлǶ
˵ô
ЦǾ͵ÿǵ̰жˣʵ޷ǵ̰ôһɱڡ
֣ͳһȥڵɱڰɡ
һġ
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¬ʦԵˣҲֹֻƿʷ̨Ⲣܰ϶ʷ̨Ȩ
Կԡ
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ôϾͿԴݲȵİԼƹʷ̨ôֻҪⰸһϾͽ˰ΪⶼǴаŵģ׾ôһѽˣֶס˹˹ǵ죬ʷ̨ЩϵĹԱȥǾͿԴﵽĿˡ
˷֣е˶ƲɵʵҲǺѡ
Ҫǣǻ⣬û˻ỳɵͷӲỳɻϡ
յͷ
¬ʦ΢΢üôǲ̫һ㣬˵ʱǣ޹˽
ᡣ
ҡҡͷȣֻǰһɺϣǲ̰ɫĻô¾ͲᷢⲻǹҪ߼һݺǣԼΣ󽫻ǲҪȥˣֻҪôûɵĿ⿴ʷ̨ЩĹԱɡҲԱң˳ʷȶס˾棬ҽ޳ͷ֮ˡ
¬ʦԵͷǸôأ
յԵߣ׽ڴҵ֪ٹ£׾͵Ѳˣֻн׳ѲʱŻԼ֮ȥ͵飬ǵĻᡣڴ֮ǰһҪȥʷ̨ԪǴùϵʱ»Ҫʹӡ
¬ʦԺͬʱ֣С
֣û˶һۣ֪
¬ʦͻȻۺգ̾С磬ĺŻδ֮ʡ
ƻľ裬ڴڶԵ˽⣬ƻÿһԵʵջûʲôһж˳ԵȥŵģǶԵ˽⣬ҪʱĻۣӴ˺Խ࣬ܶϤԡ
ڲʮ꣬ԵĹ۲ʵ˲
仰ĨźϾҪʮĿǰڴҲ˶ʮ꣬ܵʱͲΪˡ
˵գ˶Ц


395 ͬʱ
ʵںնԣҪƭⲢǺѣѾƭĺأҪﵽĿģֱأվ˺üգ˲֪ϸ
ֱһǰ˵һ仰ƭ߾磬Ҫһж˳Ȼķһжʵ
ѧǾ仰ʤС
éٿǰϰԵȥһƭ֣ƭȴ޷أȨıǿԵģô޷ǾǽȨıУûԪȥҧˣǵȨıŪԷԼ⣬ΪһԹߣĳڹۣȥԼҪߡ
ƶƻĲǺգ˵̰
ǻϼǶʷ̨ȨҲΪ󡣡
ͻȻ˵
ȻƻǷܹɹδ֪ΪһͣҪĿŵĸӳԶһЩƻĿĻǽϺλ
¬ʦ̾˿»ԼݣڵϻϾѾˡ
ͻȻʲôƵãҷżϺϣܹ˵ǵĳڳϣܹ֧֣
֣һƵҲҿˣǲܵ£Ҳ֪Щʿעصľǻǳţôܻ֧ˡ
յȻˣǵĳӦûֹǳμʷġ
֣ɫΣˣŶͷ
ʲôѽѲյ֣ӣòҿŹûš
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յǰҲô룬ȻˣǵļΪβ֧أ
¬ʦۺգɲҪǣЩʿַǳϧԼҲǰǵΨһԭҲγʿЩʿ幫Ȼ֧ǵĻƷԼĵλġ˵˶٣ֲǼڶ޷Լļ塣
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յͷϷлҪӡ
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Ҳû˸Һɽʿ壬Ϊ澭ŵڻô۸ӣԹ⡣
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һǵ֮һǽ׼֮ԣɽʿı߶ǡ
Ȩȡᡣ
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ټһ˵ǲѼһ档
һ󣬺Ҳ֪ȷʵҲͦѵģ˵ǼҲһЩӰˣҲûоʹ˼̸ȥˣΪǸ޷ҵԼļ壬ˣҴսǵĸ³ȥ
Ϊʲôѡʱ򣿡
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Цңȥ¸˹ɣȨܷǳĳ裬³ˣôϻһЩҲ˵ϵʱһȫ֧㣬ҿ³ɹϣǳ󡣡
¬ʦЦǺǵС磬ǻȡôˣϻøм㣬㸶ֻǣٵһǰˡ
ЦǺǵʲôȡǼ¡


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ʵСҰͦϲƭ˵ģΪĻܸһ·˵Ц


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ݼƻлԽҪ̸ᣬŰè۾ˡ
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ͻȻʷлԼȻԸƭôӦǷǳģ׶ݺ顣
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һϣվģ̸һգǽһЩ̬ЩϸڡʵЩ棬ǰҲǽֻһ䡣
̷ҲʮͶ룬ǳҲеǳʵҲ٣ͷһظܵƭָС


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꣬ǧŴɣ
ƭΪɻģǼɣһʮа˾žͻʧܡ
ƭ֣Ҫܳʱ䣬ЩƭӣⲼֶûһ⾰ƭ˵Ҳ⾰
лƭ֣ˡ
վ飬վ飬ղã
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ټ֮󣬺ǹһĨЦݣƣһҪ״ݻ㡣


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Ƭ̣ͼɫٷӲУ;ɱ˵ĿƤɵ֮΢μϡ
񡣡
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մ΢ϵġ
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ȻȺһȻԣô°˳Ǻո˵ĽԣСӻǴѽȻʷةֱࡣ
ƳʷةͼʷûڳԹδй
Ŷһة֪
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£Щƿڴ֪ҵĻȾͻɼûнҷ˵ڲ֮ô
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ճĬ룬㷢ӣ㷢֮󣬾ֵҷˡ
ζڳĬĳãѾԹԣڿǺûѽԽ˵Խŭ͵һӣд㲻˵ǰɣ޻ǵ˵ˣ޵Ҫ˭ֹԣ
⻰ָѽȺֻĪԩǿһ仰û˵ѽ
ͷһϣ㿪ڣǻẦ˵ġ
򶼿ˣߴźյգ㻹˵
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ҪѪˣ㿴ҸʲôǱ˵
޼΢΢һ̾
һֱǳģδŴңҪ˵˵ʲôɣպҲû˵ʲô˷˼


398 ԽԽ
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˭ҲҿˣҪڣ˵ͻξãһֹսԡ
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ռҲˣûٸԴСˣڵ£ة˵Թ֮ˡ΢һ䣬Թܹ֮ʲôܹ˵ʲô
һòȻĴѧʿ͵Թ֮񣬾֤ȻΪζƳơ
տˣȻ˳ԣ֮վ۹Ҵ£ǶЩһ裬ʴˣûܻ˸ճ̨Ϸ޹ıʣֻغ׼
ЦƳƣΪûҴǿʢҼǵúܶԹ֮ĹأҳŵõıģⲢ˵
һ仰µѧʿ֪ôӻˣֻܹάΰ
յҳÿ궼ǻдͽҲ˵Ʋûάΰá
ǿʶһЩˣΪβ룬ƣûеĻǸˡ
ҶԴ˵Ŀǡǡ෴
մݲȵĻӦһ䣬ˣλǰգ
һ仰ô亹ȫϷѯҲͺһˣ񻹲ֹһΡ
ǴѧʿҲûо⻰ףϾ˵ǡաǡ˺ĹݴѧʿԶ
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չһ񣬵ѧʿһ⣬ͽϲףϲڰס
Զ֮ϲæȻϣȻΪҪ
ʵΪأ
Զϲ⣬·ˣͽȻѡ
Цѧʿᣬôѧʿʱ򣬽һʲô
Զʱɵˣľ󣬲·ô
һЦͽϲΪϺģ·ˣҹһǴͽĻȻˡȻˣ񣬸άΰûаϵϴҶڼҲţ˿ӷƨһ٣ϲϳ棬ôƻ·˴ҴңͽĻ᲻ͼˣǸõάΰ
˵ţٸԶᣬιֵ£ܷάΰؼִܹе˶ڼУôȷάΰΪÿ˶ǾֹġǴÿķ¼޷һ㣬ÿҹзҹˣվЩҹͬѡЩСִѲ䣬ԴҲһֻۣһֻۣôⷴͽṩ˻ᣬֻסЩãɱ˽ٲƣҲδ֪ΪЩСѲġ
ΨһĺôǸ͢ṩƲεɣ͢˵߷ҹȣô͹ֲó͢ˣǳ͢άΰжΣôֻҪ˱͢Դ⣬ѲѲ䣬ֻйɵѲӽֵסţڷѲ죬ĻֻҪƽ΢⣬֪ѲѲӵĹɣԴѲ䡣
һ÷ڣô÷ǳȫˡǰգƽھͷһ׮ͽɱһңܴҡڵĻصУֱ֮󣬲ű˷֣ǵʱһλҹ;ǡüôһ׮ӾпܳΪһ׮ԩ
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Զǳ鴤ţȴǷãܽˣǾͲܻᷢﰸˣҪǵȻ޻˵ǽֹˣҷҹ˶붼ֹӵܣʣµľǴͽˣֹķЩʵˣⷴǷǳΣգΪЩСҹЩӵܣֻӶͽӣз
ܴĸǶճ𲻵άΰãǴģĳѲӣճҲǲʵֵġ
ǷãؼִûĸҿȫݵģϸΪ˶һ֮ġ
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öǻ˯ﻹֹţΰ⣬⹫˵˵סҲ糯̸۴£һ˷ѣվ£άΰֻƴڵһԭ򣬳ΪֻΣãҳȰũɣߡҹҹˣôȻɻũɣԾǺ¡⣬ճϢɣ޷Ҳɣδ֮С
ֵ˵ͷ˸ϲ֮ɫϣۣҪǵԼļ¡
˵ˡ̵ԲӡũɣũɣҲðղũɣ
һ㶣⻰ʲô˼ҴʵеǾƣÿն
յǹе֮أ󲿷ֵضڵеĶʵ޶أĶأ˶ˣؼ沢ңеԽԽ٣˿ȴԽԽ࣬ȥң͢ӦӲǡ
˻һȺ׷״úõģôֳȥˡ
ָĵ˭ǣܲʱڣδнضӵƣֵҪһΣɾûˡ
ؼ沢⣬Խһ⣬ںأˣ۸ӣû׼ʴҲԣкιϵ̸Ŀơ
йϵ
Ц֣ǷǳΣյ󣬳͢Ͻ취⣬΢鳯͢Ӧ취޵ļֵ
Щƣ޵ļֵ
յ̡
̣
һ㶡
յͷһײǮһױζĸ㣬ôһ׵ļֵͷھһĶصļֵҲսױɸ㣬ˣǮƣǮƴӵףһ޵شļֵͬʱױøмֵˣôеҲøмֵˣһáɣͬҲˣɣ䲼·ֵ٣òǮƣͬҲԻɲȡ
˵еĹâʼһһˣʼ¿ˡ
ǶǴжڻ˺ܶףҵͨʼǴףһҲԲô࣬ÿ궼֪Ҫö١ȻҲ׺ͲܲףȥףǮˣ׵ĶˣҲӯңҪǰеĵز࣬ͬҲܹǳ͢ҲͲǶеˡ
Ҳû뵽ջᳶҲȨ⣬ԣ䣬ȻǻӰ棬ڵ߶ʱڵߣһ㶼ûб䣬նֻ񡣵Ҳûнؼ沢⡣İ취ҪôǿðǨ磬ҪôǴӴжأٷָգֻα겻αܹĻô֤ǿ
ڵ󣬾ҪĴƣһոµòԲǷſǽؼ沢ⶼʱûУͷ档ͷ˵ѽǰ΢Ѳȥһ˱ⱱ޷ǳľϲԱгԱгСʵǸũеضٵĿ޷һˣʴ˲ŻȥԱгȻЩԱгյӯɵֵһ룬ʵ˷˼ΪؼǣҲټƽض٣ڵǳ⡣
ǡ
һϵûС
յĪĹϵſƵһãܹܺõȰũɣ
һȺɺУͷԡ


399 بδ
ǰ˵ˣΪũɣģճϢ𵽴ܣڼ˯žоɻ
Ȱũɣ
ô䵽㺫ũɣˡ
Ǹеϡ棬յ̸ˣЦʵ֪˻ִӺ˵Ϸ
ղʵ֪ɷͬǰ˵ù̵һ
һǰ˵ȷЩдȶ
ΪЩˡ
ն˶٣ȻİеضȽ٣еģջǵũ͢ٽȥǽǷũҵƣ⼸ĶԼܹ߽أֻһ취ǰụ̃ˡ
ȺһСһţⶼǣϵ
Ц˵ĵɣһ˵ľޣ߼ˡ
Це٣Ҫķ̫ľ⣬ÿҹ׬ȡ㹻Ǯÿ˰նоģһôˣȫСһֵĻҲǺܶࡣЩμӿƾٵʿǣ޷Ǿ;һϣǶԸʮ꺮þ±ܹǴ±Ϊʲôȥ
ԲףϾܹ׬Ǯңǰ˭ȥũũǹ֮ڣڣұдҡ
Բӡ
յóȥˣ׬ȡǮƣʲôûУǾͲˣƭˡҪֵأ֯׺ͲƷʸȥһĶֳֻһףñӳҲȥֵأһ׿һǮʮͷţסҲƴȥֵءȰũɣĸǵǽũɣǷܹյճȰʲôƣҲһũɣȰũɣν
ǳƱ磬ΰںֱռϷ磬οϴӦֵֻǸȰũɣȰ̺ȰйһУʳƥйأղһȥ˵ȥʲôľߡȥˣŶл硣
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޼˵ģĿȥźա
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ۣ찡ԣˣô찡ֻһƷСѽ
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ԭЧ¹ˣһմ̾˯˹ȥϾòɣϾǶղҪǲൽտɲ˼ɽ
˯㣬ǿɾͿԭΪջˣ¾ˣȴû뵽ﲻǣҲǣ˵ҪȥѺգǶӸֹˡ
µⳤ嵹ҲǺܼˣѾˣ½̸óˣЩһҲûʲô⣬治֪ôǺãֵȴѰ
֪УƫС
ղۣԭһ´ͻȻ뵽컹Ҫ£̴Ӵϴһֻһ·ų÷š
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һգһֽһٵĳ嶯æ˹С磬ˣүͳ﹫ӿǵ㽫ʱˡ
չһæǰų¹δ֪үݹ٣үõˣүˡ˵ѵ㣬˵ҲǵģȻүˣΪβңǲǹгİ
㻹ңֻ޵ѽ
ڰֵ㲻ҪҪġ
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ȵߺ󣬺չεүѾǵһ¹ˣ֪ү¹кηԸ
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յͷǣ¹ٵʱڳ
̾ڼ˼ãԴδͷȻģԴ¶⣬˵Ѿ˵ЭңҲѾӦˣҽǰʲߵġ
ңҡ
տһ䣬۳壬ĿڴͲ룬һû̫ģˣˣ¥ķϣͲˣ˵ϻһС⸸ϳҿɵŵѽɱװƹͷˡֵڷſһ£¹ٵȷЩ뷨֪Ƿܹү
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յ¹ſʱҲ˼⣬ΪʲôƣȥΪԭһΰ⣬ϵ͵˶࣬ΰԹܿء޻ɸɣʵҹ֣֮ڹڰڰյƣҹҲƵĻǰͬҲţôƸܳ֡˵䲻õĻͬ͵һֺϷְҵôÿ϶гǧİշ߱ڡʴˣֻҪ⣬ſƲҹ鷳ҹһ¥Ϊܶմơ
˵ͦϡģҲǳеƵƵͷϿ׬ǮĻ¿տ϶ŵģҹʵûɶ̫Ĺϵʵνأ
΢΢һЦȻҵ˸ԭȻǶ֢ҩΰ⣬ΰĺûڵĶ٣ִԱϣ˵ð˵ĻҾڵѲβһصΪԼζŪ
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ɻⲻһô
Ȼһ
յҹﲻܵţкܶ鷳ȷеֵĻôЩѲ϶ȥ׷߻УҪСţҪֱȥ˵мҪȥ˼ұţʱѲνڷǲῼǵܹغյȫҹжǷѣܾΪٵƬ̣δõʱľΣ˵ְǱƲȫôʱǾӦðտ·Ͱȥ߰սУڡ
Ƭ̣ôһ˵Щ𰡣
Ҳǵͷ˵ֹҲǱգֻ֮һѵҹֻе˺İôȻǡ
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յ˾ְֹȷֻܵİţΰܵõ¹ٽһµĹá
˻һ常ӽһֻֽηſƣյãһʼһըţС
Ҳ룬Ϊƿ˼£Ҫô򵥵Ļǻ˵ʲôһ仰ˣȻֻǱô򵥣ôŬȻҪõر
Դе󣬲ŵ˵һµĹã

յͷڵѲʮǾӣӵְҪǱϣңҪʱȥ̵ģƽյİȫǲҪӵģϿͬģΪԷֿӾרẈ̂ңվרűաְͬƽѵ϶ǲͬģѵǶɱ˵ģգɲǽõȥɱˣǿҲץɱ⣬Ϊؼһ㣬Ҫģһֱӵ±֪֪İĹϵ£Ǻܹյġʴˣֿ֮
һδһ⡣
һ鷳ˣºԽŪԽˣһҪ𣿺βһ㡣
ЦүſƾһֽǶڳٵһϿɣȻҪôͱı䣬¹ʵǲ֪Ÿı䡣
̫˽ˣº˵ͦԵģȫ¾ûһȥյĲţ˵õòҲǱҲȥյãңֻǻ췹ԵģûκθУ͸ȵ˱ûġ
ͬҲˣǹž棬άΰֻеһְˣͺչȫˣͻȻû˵Ļɲڳ͢ԣ͵öһ֧ôʱ϶룬ſƾڱףǱ״ˡ
Ц﹫ӿǵĶԣ֣֧ӴһģϾҪһµĹã˵ҪɺܶôҲδأάΰǳ͢£ͬҲǰյ£ͬʱ˽յˡʴˣҽͬάΰ
ü
յͷˣǿԽԼ俴һĶȺ壬Ȼٴѡλ¸أҾа˳ΪһȨǵְǴһЩ¾ףԼ͢άΰ磬ĿڽǾף޼ѶϼѽֵȥҲʲôص˳⡣
һ㣬Э͢͢ʲôָʾҪ´һһȥ֪ͨδ̫ûЧˣЩ˰æֱټǿᣬָ͢ʾܹܺõʵ©ЩһСһЩʵȨǾѾǳˣÿ¸һЩźܻܶģǻѲ໥ලһá


411 
֪տ϶ʲôڵоȫгˣȻôѽȴ뵽ȻصôȽڷǷſƳСˣԽŪԽˡ
ԴҲǺ׼
͸ˣĲٽ֦ˣã¿ɲܹ˵㣬ǾؾգǾ˵ƣЩеûġ
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յҲûǿ󣬱ϾֻǴһɫλϣʲôҾ˵ʲôǷôȥǸûйϵһƭʱʱ̶̿ǳԼĽɫλãЦ﹫˵ǣڵҲ˵ճũ֮⣬ֻ̣ǹҲýƷȥôҹоͳΪ֮أ̵ĵطΨкƽôͱ뿪ط
ͷҲ֪ǣϰ߰ճеİգδؾͻѡȥҹУңѡĻҵȻҲԸȥϡ
ЦүԸֻǴˣܴˡƽҹҹϸѽ
ɫΣƽʲôط̻֮أǵȻѽƽȽ⣬ɲһŶۡ
յһģүҹͣȻϾȥ棬ǳӵܣҹøɻǾ棬ҪһԷйĵطҲΪʲôҹˣӵࡣ
岻Ծľ۳ӡ
ˣĶӣҸһѽҪô飬ҪôϢǷҹҲǰȥȣҿûƽ
ʵҲ֪ǸʲôԣֻʶĿۣƣ¶΢΢ǸЦ⣬һԣһЩӵܡ
͹ˡ
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΢΢һѰ˼˵ع壬ҲضԣǰվӶѽĸʱĸңԶԶˣĶɡ
յͷҹУʵΪӵ׼ġүɲҪǣҹǰıƵģðȥѵģҲûǮȥҹСô˭ҲǮˣЩӵܣҲһͨȱǮӵȱ֣ʴˣֻҪԸ⻨ǮҹУôȻͻȥ׬Ǯһ빩Ĺϵ
Ҳǰֵ֮ģ󣬲ŻֹӦֻҪЩӵܵôͿһյơȻĻֻԽֻԽΪӵеģҲӵУӵеĸ࣬ȥֻԽأìܾͽᱬҹиպýϵˣ໥㣬ദŻǢ
ӵǱϾ˱ȸ˶ˣֻܸһЩմơ
Ц﹫ӿҵ˼ˣ˵ĲԺҹУҹܷɹܹܷմƣҹУȥǴģֻЩӵܺЩζʼҪģһʼûȥĻǾͺѳɹˣһʼкܶȥĻȥ˾ͻԽԽࡣүʵҷ¥ܹɹҲǿһУ﹫Ӧ֪
ӵͷףҲ̫˵Щڣ
ս͵Щһǿյν̻󣬲ȫյ̻ǲֵܳģһ˵ֻһ˵󣬵ĳһͬһƷôһǾһͬ㣬ͺñޣǿ϶˲ŻṺޣ˶ԣһȺ塣
ôΪⲿƷʱǾͻὫһȺƵ㿼ǽȥ˵רȺ壬ῼʲôʲô֡ˣҪô٣Ҫôǹӵܣô޵ˣ϶רƳޣһǴ׳εģҪǳ䣬ҪʵԣһҪһЩ鱦ȥŹ塣
ͷˣǲ˵ʼҹУҪӵܣôҹеһжӦΪӵ
Цˡ
ΪʲôҪ˵ô壬ᶮЩģҪǲ˵ϸһ㣬Ūס
һ룬ѾˣҲûдϺյĻҲΪչԼӣһУҲǳѽʵҪ˵ˣֻҪԸ˵ѵԸΪûʲô⾭һļֵڵ޵ġ
ʵǾָôأ
ЦүΪЩӵҪʲôأ
ʱӵܣϲ飬һʱЩ㶡
ӵԺ֡
ǡ
յǳԣԭһĻܶ¶ǴӷϿʼģ򵥵ǳԺóԵģһֽ˵֪ÿҹﶼйӵͣˣ޷ҲǳԳԺȺȣ̸۵أмȴǳ鷳һҪǷҹΣһĲ衣
ҹеĴڣͷǳˣֻҪȥܻ뼸ԵԶ̸벻ͬ˽Ⱦƣÿ춼ľϲֻҪץסһ㣬ضܹЩӵܣһ̻࣬ˣԴ
˵˶٣Ҳͨÿ󣬱ϾƽĶɱ֧𣬶ԵĻֻںóһƬҶֻҪĺóԣǾͲûԣҽүʳΪ׼Ϊҹˣһźܶζֻδ˷ˣֻҪζһ࣬ӵܱض⣬˳⣬оǸˣΪ¥ṩձݣԴɫˣȻҲڴˡ
˼ԭȫͷ֪ô֣ôһ˵һҪķ򣬻˵ˣѾǲˡ
Ц䲻̣Ҳ֪һõˣδѣܾµ棬С˵ҴΪɹˣ̶һ꣬ͷչ˹ģ뺫СһһΪϸļƻɡ
ҪեѽǳǸҸոѾ¸եˡЦ֪﹫ӿɷһ仰ƻԶϲϱ仯ϸļƻûУһŵķ򣬵ĿǰԣΨһδѵģһҹУбؽ㲻ˣΪ˻࣬ʴүӦҪһеĵַˡ
գҲǣһûпȥ˵Ҳ޴̸𣬿ҴҲ˳֮
õ˳Էʱ򣬺ձϾƲˣһ߳ԣһ̸
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ô˵˼Ҳ¥ˣղٲҴţʵģǻش޾ϸ
˫̸ֻҹ֮£ΰ⣬Ǳ̸ܶ


412 һƭ
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΢һĵµˣտ¾Ͳ˵ˣ첻ˣǲֻڻǵýȨ벻һƣȻôһ׼̫ˣڵᴦرľ档̾Ѿ˵˾ˡ
ɻŶӡ
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գգۣԭֱģǺģûаãҲƽ̯ĻͲȥҺյ鷳ǳãµĻֲͬˣֻ
֪ã֪㲻˵ɾϸһˡ
Ҳǰ̫ƻˣ죬ôġ
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ŵһһûһƢϣܹŵģҲֻˣյ㣬ҲСˣûŵĵ֪ôһڻ·ô죿

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ŵʤС̫һ˷һ衣
յգ˵

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ŶԣιΪȣιΪȡлѡ
ĨĨﰵƥǺ˲ǳѽּһһҸŵˣ⻹ô̸ȥһιΪȣȰպãȻǹҺãʴιص㣬ڰյҴƣûиκһõʹԱΪְ𡣡
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ãһ⻰˵úð
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414 ƴ
αҲ⻰ûǼ޼˵ôеЩ죬޼Цʵ̫ξγԣ
޼Цһ֪ԹѰս̸ɫ䣬ΪǶɷǵģҲ˲ҴɷɷʶǰҲδӵɷȻʵɷͷյģǡǡյģҴܹõյӵĺطôʹЩа֮ͽͼƻɷó͢ڣյһͻվԣֻסһʱӵȴάֳá
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־Цɻ治һֻ˵Ļ˱ؽͷ޳ɣ浱Ǯöóǿ϶ǲԸġ
ղ⿴־ϣϻѧġЦȻ˵еҲôΪΪ͢Ҳ˰͢Ͷ˲ҹܹ˳ĿͬʱҲ˰յҲƲմȥƣ͢ӦȡӦĻرҲڱ֤ǰ˰գܱ֤ҹܹתղԸ⽻˰ѽرҹоˣľԸ
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ĺղǳʱǸ˿еڲΪ˼ʷؼεأػһزһֻҪղ治֮ҲҪסģһô˭ҲͶˣĿǰ޷ܵģվһƣȨ
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մ̫ξԣҳ֮Խ̷ȨһΪ޷ҲΪ˴ﵽ໥ƺĿģѲͬҲ񰲾ֹ̲ߵ¼ĹϵѲźַĹؼԴһҪأ̲Ļְӡݣڹٹ໤󡣵Ǵ±Ϊƺ̲¿ɲ̲ԱӣôӡҲ޴̸ˡ
˵˶٣˵Ƿ˵̲ͬҲΪƺ£¹Ѳ񰲾֣ô̲ڸ˰ʱ񰲾ֱ̲ô̲һҲݣ϶ȥ£ͬģ񰲾ֲѲֱִ񰲾ֻѱ֤ݣƭȡѲô˰ʱһҲ񰲾֣Ҳȥ̲鷳һѲͱø߱ЧãҲܹߡ
־գԾȵۺա
ʵ˵ò⣬ôº̲֮ƺΪһѲΪº̲Ȩʵ̫ˣκһԽ磬սԷȨʴ໥ҲǷǳϾҪάԼȨһԽΪ˳̬ôǼȨԷˡ
ǡǡѵĲ֣κһμȿǵĿ϶Ȩ⣬һҶǾûˣ֣ͨһ㶼ԤʾҪϴˣľ֣ش֮ȨƽǷǳҪģھڳˣҲÿμÿ춼˼⣬ΪϵǴ۸ӣˣ벿ţЩϵÿ춼Ȩᡣ
ô˵һǰᣬҪıʣû͸һ㣬Ǻġ
ǺղŲʮѽ
δҲ̫һɡ
ڳ޼û뵽һ㣬ô֪ˣҲû뵽ҲǴװͿ
ͬģξûпһ㣬Ҳ˵֪϶Ը⽫һȨ£̲ȨԽǷɢھԣȻԽã̫ˣͿּܻܿȨ󣬵ͷ˵úã޾ú˵÷ǳеȥƺǳʵһҲҲǳĺ˵Ŀһɨ֪λΪأ
㶼ô˵ˣǻ˵ʲô
ʥ
һϳ
΢΢һЦ΢ԥһ£˵գȻ񰲾ǹ񰲾ֵĽ裬ȻҲԴڴͷΪʼʹƷҪΪ޽񰲾֡
ʼʹ۲٣ţƷǲ̫Сһ㰡ˣˣӹְࡣռæд΢ߵлϣ꣬꣬ꡣ
ͻȻվ˳ЩĪ£⡪ҳδйʼʹְ
٣ǻʵѽȻҲնİϷ
ˡ


425 Ȩ
ʵƷ治ˣΪӵܵһƷͨƷ׹ˣܹ޼ˡ
οҲȷʵ֮٣ƳĸףδйƷܡ帮ǶͨƿģҺջһ¥ģֱƷĻξⲻ̫ʵɴȾ͸Ʒúվſڣʱ׼ţһǾ̿ΪƷ
̴ǽһѾ
ǻʼʹĹְǴδйģҴӹϿ͸ղƵãǲܲʣȡ̫ˡ
ΰڰֵԲӣ񰲾֡ʼҾ첻Ҳǰδе𣬲ôСְɡ
£ʼҾҲǰδеĹǻʼҾ첻Ҳǽʿۺ϶Ϊһ⳼ܹ⣬ʼʹǺ޸ݵģѭѽ
Цⶼδи˵ʵҲղ뵽ģʼҾǻʼңǵκξٶʼĪĹϵʴޱҪԶԣ˼ʼҪҴ£ȥǣʼʹǴжְ֮
һ̣޼ĸоγˡ
йƻģճãǷǳѵģʼʹƷͣǴ⻰ȨɾǷǳ󣬴ʵۣ֪
ǻ÷ģʼҾ죬ǻʼҵˣȻˣ˰Ÿȥ£ѽңһʼҵ£Ҫѡ˭ƨ¡ô˵Ļ񰲾ֻ治һܹͨᡣ
ˣ黹ôģ£ЩףʼʹǴжְ֮ĻǾʼҾ˭ģѾõܾ˾ʼʹģԹûĸʩ˫Ƶġ
κǺǵȻܾ˾ģ͸һʿǵȻͳ˧ģǳ͢Ҳż˽񰲾ֵģҲǶԻʼҾְģϾʼҾµĹְ޵ĽĻʼҾ첻Լְڣɸȥ԰ǣǵĹʧкβɡ
΢΢ü⡰ʼҡŪŵģͻȻǣǺʷ̨ļʷ񰲾ֹ̲ʷ̨̲Ǿˮˮ»̲Ĳ
εһЦʵ֮뵽ʼʹʵΪǼʷʷ̨ٹٵģʼҾͬҲڹȻˣӦҲʷ̨ļ췶Χڣ޹ʴ˲úǰȥֻΪʼҾ⣬ʴ޲ŴͷΪʼʹ˾ٲ޷ģһʷְ̨Ȩõ˱֤ղǼʷͲȥˡ
˭أ
ȺĵһӦ
޼ɡϵĸо
ԭ˵񰲾ֹ̲ͳܣʼʹһվ̾ͱζˣɵɵֲˡ
ΰ뾡취Ҫκգ˾֮·˽֪
ζô˼оݣټϻʼҶ֣Ҳ֪϶ֹ˵ˣټȥ˵ᴥŭΣΪһƷ٣ûҪ˻ȥ
μ˻ȥＫˬһٽһգ񰲾ֵĽԼּǳ˽⣬ʴ޾񰲾ִƷµĹԱѡ⣬ȫȨί㡣
ۣãϲڿҫˡðϲ
͹ˡ
زҪ˵ˣöȥˣϽվ£ôУԱǨһֱǹܣҺᣬ鲻㣬ίΡ
־ҲЩˣҲͣǳת˵£񰲾¹سգѡ⣬ذ
Ҳѡǽɺմܾ˾ⲻ룬ȲϹأҲ
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μԵôңһĨɫҧڴƷϵĹԱѡ⣬ؿܾ˾˭мͳ˧ȥѡʿġΪʲôҪƷ¹ԱѡίиգΪվȱ΢
ֱ໰񰲾ָ߼٣ѡѾ˹ʶʲôؿܾ˾
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ͻȻһֱĬĳ޼ɣ̫ξ޼ǵǰ̫ξѯʹһ£޵ʱô˵ģ˵عڴ֮ʱԽ档֪̫ξɻǵá
޼һˣ׵Ȼǵãʱôشģ˽飬Թ⡣Ҫ˵ҲʵڲҡԿ飬¾ǱҲܱġ
̫ξǣⰡ
̾˿һ񰲾ֳŻкܶ塢ʿ嶼뾡취ԼĶ񰲾֣ߴʮת񰲾֣ҲȷʵһЩӵܣЩ˶Ǹ߹֮Щǿѫ֮ڳʢְλޣĻΪѣţѡҵĶӣѡǼҵĶӣˣҪѡ˰ɣֲܣⷴĪѣ谭񰲾ֵĳֳ¶һ̫飬ֻ»᱾ĩáһѡȡ˲Ϥ࣬Ϊ֮
˵˺һۣղͬ볯ʱ̣볯д󳼾ҳ΢κιԣһģȻһôѡĻһͬʣѡȡʺϵ˲񰲾֣ǳⷬǣžصɺգ֪̫ξΪΣ
޼΢һͷЦܹǵܵϳοھȪ֮£̫ʥϣҲġ
δϲ˵̫ξ޳޵뷨
޼ɵͷϳǳͬǱߣģϳԻȥ˵һУܹµһġ
θмǾ;˾ˡ
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޼ɵˣΪ£ϳķ֮¡
ⳤ޼ɶͬˣǿ϶Ͳᷴԣ־͸Ӳ˵ˣҧĻһӻһ仰˵ڣΪܾ˾ѾڶĶӳ̴ˣѾĪĶˣ̫÷κۣ޳ɣ޳ɡ
ηǳģĿĽѴﵽѽĿǰͨôȥʵʩ⻹üۣѾûʲôϵˣҺֻ̼ǣθϽú£ɱ˱˻ԣˡ
ƤҪѽʼʹžѽҿѡ⣬ȫȫˣѾԶԶԤƣԭΪο϶һЭǹͬѡȡѡһ˶Ȩû뵽ֱȫˣ˶ûᵽǳ⣬ҪþЧ

򣬴򡣡
ճǵСӣ̽꣬Ťתǰ
ʷʷ
һ
ջͷһһСѾ߿첽СãڽҰ
СãѾĳƺ˫ΣǰһֵСǷ֮ص뺫ʷ
ţҲǸˡ£ŶŶˣˡ
ǺָѾȥǵϵһ԰԰һ㶼ǸιϾ֮ɢõġϾ󳼶׼󹬵ģ⣬ҪյĻֻܳ󹬡
⻨԰ƾ԰ǧٽޣնǲмһˣ翴Ů
ֻ԰һķٸһѾߵͬ£԰ɢŲֻϧѾǳʱ֣·ñȽ϶࣬ˣǰĹģǼ׳ۡ


426 ˣǸɣ
ղμǡ
ǰһ
ֲǳãҲ񡣡
΢΢һЦһԵѾ֣ʶȤվȥˣչ˵Ľ
ҿԽô
Ȼר£ǺôҲŮ糾ӣ⽭ɽ׸ģƣͶ䣬ɢ˵ĹâټУƤˮɫã͸ź죬ɫ㰮ߣ²˵ˡ
ںҲǸеĸ֣ǿܿס
ﵹûзԼѾаΧźˣڸ̾¬ӵҽǸÿհ˵ȥһ飬ֻ̹˲١
ЦҲʶ¬ӵҽȷǸ֮ҽ¬ӵƷ塣
˵Ĳ
ЦŵͷĿǰһжٲû꣬ǺʷпյĻٲ
Ҫ˰ɣȻסٲ󣬹ֵ֪ܼסϧĹܲס죬յǺյҡ
΢΢һЦǰȥͻȻŶǹϲˣӦѾͷΪʼʹ˰ɡ
һƳ¶һ˿ǳǿ΢Цл
۹һȤĪ㻹⣿
˵⡣
ֹƬ̣ŵ֪ǿôһλԽξԽٹȻǺ£ǰҲǸصθУ治֪ܷúʼʹʴʮֻ֣̿¹ʥ˰ա
΢΢¶һСѣѵˮէէ֣΢бЦ棿
ա㶼ˣѵҵݼ˲أնߵĻѻӲǱһ˻ȥкЦˮһᣬƴ⣬޼ֲŭȻ෴Ҳ޷³ҿյĵҲף΢кһ£תϲǲΰɡ
һЦҡǼ٣ܹ˵Ҳ֤зˡ˵ĺܶԣҲþǺ£Ϊ鷳ܶ˶ûʶһ㣬ڴ˹ʧˣǹٳսһˣͺѻͷˣǹٳɣһһҪмǲС
ǺɳӰɡ׵ǣһǵҸ档
ͻȻһЦնʱֱ¶㵹ǳģȻҲܻô˼Ҳ˵ŷǳķգһʲôʧǱ±ؽеǧָҲϵѹԶеҪصöࡣ
յͷ⳼֪Ҳֻ˸еǡ
ЦҿѾ׼ˡ
ҪֱӺòĻҸײˣ룬ȻôֱӣҲֱһˣȻԵαˡ׼ǿ϶еģǼƻԶϲϱ仯Щ
·ûյĻԹ˵գʵÿμ㣬Ҷһ
ˣ
˫ĿһͱȽˡô
Ǹ˾ҵ
˲䵴Ȼ޴棬еֻǸˡճֹûôϰɡ
һ㶣վסˣ΢ȵźգƬ̣ͻȻЦ
ΪʲôŴŮЦȺľҪÿһЩˣԭΪŴû֣޷̶ŮЦʱǻ֦ҲĹģݿɲУӦ˵Ǿκ˲ŹС
ĬĬѰЦˣϻ֪ηЦ
Цһ˵ҵȽ񣬿ɲ˵࣬ǵ;
һͻȻһӰ亹乣аʵҸǻһκܳľѽĶͬһϷգ㻹ҪӱŬС
ƺûкյ쳣ʵգ˵Ҹף
յͷȻ˵ţǺЦ
ΪЦ
աƭһˣ費װյʵһֱӦżŶż˼ǾǳݵˡԴڱ֮󣬾ܶӦĹ¡˵Ӧƾңǧľģһݸɵйļҵ֮£֪ÿһ϶ǾĶǣƴģûж۹⣬㲻εԸԼǲɶҡľģӦܳɹڴ֮Ӧʱƣѡ㾡ҲͶ棬Ժƽƣƾһ޵غգҲһֱӦѧϰ
˵֮͵͵һƳз⡣
Ƭ̣ƺԼʧ̬΢΢ʶ£ɫ۲ǣ۵ɫ۾ϣ˺󣬵ЩעģƾҲǺȥıġ
յ˵ǳ
ͷͻȻʵҲЩˣҲӴԹҲܵʿ֮Ĳ࣬˶еԱ𣿡
յȷһԱģֻΪСûû裬ЩûһϵΪЩеԱЦҲ˸еԱе
źա
յ΢ѾӵһôļҵһжԼ˫ֵĻõģȽЩӵܣӵеĶǵĸĸǵģǲúˮϲãӵУֹǰǵһѾעˣҵŸոտʼҲĳЩʱһĽǣҲ˸еԱ
Ŀ⽥ҲҴϿҸײһĶǵһ룬ĳɾͻԶֹˣҲȥˡǰԣһ˵ĹԽҲԽ󣬸ʥ϶ҵٶоش󣬶˶ҲıһС£ܹҹӴҲһղһգټϸʥϵܴڻǵһжԴԱ޹ء
˵΢΢һָ̾ۺգҸ׵һȷʵǳɹһģܵƷԱʵ˷ǳЩŮҲı£ܹнաȴΪʵܹøáΪߣСĽǳɴµСڣհǰ˺ǵͷֻһ޳ɡ
⻰ƺл΢΢ţͻȻ˫üһ̧ˣڰʾҷȥɰ
ⷬʾںնԣǷǳбҪġ
Ϊ˭˶֪ӵܽ񰲾֣񽻸˺գλô󣬵Ȩֳ˷ʵǷǳôѹȣܷסѹأ
治֪
ȸʾȨλĽղȡ
ΪǲϧóʿѺա
ˣǸɣ
ҵ̫ˣȻ֤ԼûзǹҲ൱ѣûʲô󹦣ûн̸󣬶ΪڱˣҪȡĽѵҪΪ֮ӰԼжϣʵ۽񽻸㣬ȥֺЩ壬ƨ˭ᣬȥԿЩ壬Ǹѹȥ˻ȨҪ˻ʼʹƺš
һƳĿ͸ϲɫ֪ԼĿĴﵽˣԳһЦǷǳǸһ㣬˸ףڶ˵˼䣬ĪҪ⡣
æʵķǳĽӦܹ˵һЩӦĹ£еǳĸˡ


427 Ŀʼ
ջ治ƨȷʵʿһǳȤΪһӣһĳΪһƷԱѾǷǳһˣȻʿΪĵط졣
ûʹ죬ͻȻһЦ죿ǺǣһȤ˰
һϿѺգֲǸԼ˵ģҰĿɱȺմˣȻҲлʵ뷨ҪȨܹͣٳ뷨Ϊ̫ڵŮˣҲǹ壬һط͢ȴҪλԵĲһˣһţϵѹɱȺմˡ

٣мӡ
պһӰڻζ˭ŵһظסҷǵøȥɣУһʱһʱϽתԱгרͨȥ
˲ʮϵһСͻȻܳһŵúվѽ
˭ǮҪô
ԷЦ
˼ҿǹģ۹·˷ֶοɲǴģͺǵ΢ĩĲֶΣù㡣
İɡһظ㣬ֶ˰
Ǻҿ˵ֶˡ
š
չһЦ㣬ãҪһĺϢ
һ㶣ʲôϢ
յˡ
˫Ŀһ桪ģ
յҸƭ㡣
Ŀ⼱˹Сʲô٣
յʼʹɡ
գգۣ漴˫ĿһҪƭңôҲ㹤Ҳ̫ˣŪôһûĹŪҡ
Ҫƭ㣬Ҫ򣿾˭˰ᣬΪỶϲͷȥײǽģûҲģΪ񰲾ֵĹְǲţһ顣
ʼҡʼң
ͻȻֵźա
˰ɡ
ЦŪ㣿治֪㿴ңǿԼ
㶰ΣȻһǡ˵ģ
յⲻǷϻôƭûʲôô
Ҳǣʱϲ񣬲ͷȥײǽˣѵС磬̫ˣȥʷ̨ζãûȥء
ȿȿȣԣԡ
ԶԶԡ
Ц绨֦ҲĲˣЦ˰ΣͻȻʵǸʲô
ˡ
չһЦپרѹЩӵܵġ
ȥȥȥ˵ġ
һûġ
ֹ٣Ҫƭҡ
շ˷ۣε㲻ţ۾ƣòգЩӵܾͻңʲôǣһȥҪһ֤ҲǷ¥ơʱһҪѺùأǧҪЩﵽȫ͸ζǡ
Ŷζ
Ժˣ͸ζ͸ʲô˵ΪʲôЩӵҪ㣬ⲻǳ
ͻȻ㣬ǻеĻܣһҶߣΨ㡣
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Ǿͺã߰ɡ˿
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ѻ˵꣬վ͵㣬֪Ϊʲôܸ𣿡
ҡҡͷ
շǳס죬뿴ʲô˸һʼʹ鷳ô
ʱһΡ
˵䣬ſڡ
Сո磬ˡ
Сո硣

ŸյԺſڣͼáζͶְ˹
ۣô飬ͬߣ
˫һţĿ⼱һӢ۹ĸо
Сո磬̫ˡ
ֻ֪۸ǣǽôá
̫ƫˡ
Ժɻζã˻⣿
ζСһƲΪǽ㣬ϧΤӣȴ۸ǡ
ǣǡ
ù
ǳԴˣշ˷ۣǽͬһ۸Ļ۸ҺˣҾ޶
Ůһ
Ӣ۹յȻ޴档
磬һ˯ǲͦµģҽ˯
ܱܵŴúٺЦ
ȥȥȥСһȥ
պ齫ܸܵһȥˣְο˵ĻʵҪѽ˵˵ǼҲǵġۿΤҪ۸ǣҾͲðôˣҪõˡ
գĴ۾ô
˭ǿΣͽܣƭ𡣡
˵㣬˵ǲ
ͷ⻰ֵֹģ͵գţ
ȫĸܣϣܹһӢ۹ĸоٺЦţͦɧ˵ҽǲǺ˧
Ůͷ
ôʵղɵһ㶣п˵ʵǲװ
Ůַ׷ЦΪǴһĲпᣬֻսվһӢۣػǣеǳģΧźգǰǷµƨһȫ֧˺ա
Ψû˸ԸǱİʾúշǳʧֱ̾ȻǴ
һͻȻֵ˾Ȼڣʵˣأ
ζǽ˵һ˳ȥߡ
⺫նδڣͶŵһ˳ţ֪֪Σգ
շ˷ۣˣ֪ȥͱˡ
˵ţͳ˺Ժ
ڷ¥ƬһŮվһ£΢΢ͷŵĴһ̾
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Ů͵һתͷϲ㡣
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¶ʧ̾ΪζһݺҼ£ŪһˮòģʴҶһӣ㿴硪
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ǿı飬ûЦߵҲŲˡ˵ţֵͷȥллˡ
ƤҲֽģҲɺƲôһ㣬ЦǺǵǲǺܸжûпǹѽ
Ǻߵҵġ
СӣݼǲѽҲһɬסǿǿܵġ
ֻɫ϶ΪһСˡ
Ƕͷϵʱ˺˪һɴƺҲˣݺݵգһ̫ˣר˼˰Ρ
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ǱŪǿЦãʲôʲô˭ġ˶٣ʵѵΤֵܱ𣿡
Ů˰̾˿±ĻҾͲˣӲῪ¥ˣѵûдϿӢ۾𣿡
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ոϽͳӲ˲
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θյһ֣Ҳ㲻ϾûʲôھСжûţû˻ʹһţҲ̴ǡҺձҲһǳŶӵˣǳϧߵÿһŶӣʴˣôһҪ취̴ùϵ
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⣬ںյȨԽԽǶãٲŪգǾˡ
ΨмһСˣͷָָӵĴӡ
һСƳۣǮģǾΣ
Ǯ󷽷ǳίУҲǵѴѽʱֲ˵Ҷȥ￪ӣǲ˵ЩǲЩΪˡ
һ˺ߵǮ㲻ԹԼͲǵˣеҪռţֲԸô˵¡
Ҳеϰ壬κκ࣬Ǯ󷽵ͷ
Ǯ󷽵ʲôʱ˵⻰ֻ˵ҲѴû˵ӦҪҲϣ̰ѱĵ̸ˡ
κŭƾʲôҸ㲹ϡ
Ǯֵƾʲôҹ˱ĵ̡
ˣˡ
̰ڰ֣Ǯ󷽵Ǯ֪㽻˲ٵ𣬵ǮǮʲôκȻ˵ЩҲʵ˵棬ǲӲܡңֻҪмرˣһֻع糣ֲ٣Ǯ׬Ļǻǰһ࣬ġ
ǮŶͷûȴڴͷ˵ɣֲǼǮ£ϰٹ£˵ڱúúõģҸҪ
֪ǮһֻѰͻƿڣϣҲ˵仰ɡ
ҲǷǳΪѵҵȻվлߵģڱҲͶ˲ǮȥҲ˵ؾܹصģҪٸһЩʱա
ļǷ׷׵ͷ¿ˮ֮һּ֮Իϡ
ǺܿǵԹԣͱַˣΪԿռģҪ̹رձĵ̣Ȼ͹رеĵֻ̣ѡһߡ
̺ϣǮ֪ǺΪѣҲҪһ´ĴҿǻǾرձĵ̣ᣬʮĽ飬ɲҪΪһ˴ҵĺ
ǵͷҲû˵ʲôʱرձ̡
Ͳɢ


444 һ
У㷽ôôأӦñֻѡһߣҾͲǻѡҲ֧ġ
ǰɲñôȥˣǺյĹԽԽҪȥʱرձǾˡ
У⵱ϲϣҡ
κ뼸ΧŹߣߴ˵ͣ
ҲȷʵżһգǾ͵ÿһգں졣
̵ұҪǵĶ࣬βǽĵˣЩ˿ҲǺǵģһҲǲСģ˵˵Ҳеôһ̣˵ܹصģҪǱ̹ţǿܻἤǵĲŪɳ׾
ȥ
ҵȻˡ
ۺ룬ҿҪԸˣ˵˵ǲеģףȡ
κǹе˼ǣ
̵ǳ͢ģ࣬ȴԶȱҪ٣Ȼڱļ۸еļ۸൱Ҫ΢һ㣬ʵǵ׬Ĳ࣬ȫö࣬ǾͿ֮Կ
һǣת
е˼Īǽۣ
һ
̵Ǵ⡣
κڨڨⲻԱ𡣡
ЩƺԸ⣬룬ЩˣĿ⣬̰ˣ˽ҪͷһǮԸ治֪˵ǮЩ˽۵ġĵһݵΨһ취Ǯ֮ţΪô֪Ǳվ
һûᣬǰɫոս֣µĻûгЩӵܾûˣʵ뺫ìܵġֻҪһ齵۵Ļô˵Ȼѡ˵һߣ϶ܣǮ˼ˣͻױеĶ֣ʱһʩѹǿ϶ѡУֻҪǮһߣмֻܹرգʱٽ۸̧Ƿģһ¾ܽ
κһù˵Ҳͦеġ
о仰˵úãʹʹ
ҧҧӦ


Ǯ󷽵˻֮󣬾ȥ˱ҵգп࣬ԩĶС
üһﲻ¡
Ǯ󷽵ôõı飬ǺоԼ֡
Ǯ󷽾͵С磬ôҲ˵仰
һۣҪڣǿ϶໰˵ţҡͷԵģƵûеƾʲô͢ҿмôˣԽԽ벻ͨ
ļ׵ⲻǵ˭Ǳߣ¸ν
ĿһƳƬ̣ҵһ취ǲӦ
ʲô취
̴˹
ռһȺүǣ˵ҲһǮ֣Ҫһǣÿ¸һЩǮǾʹӦ

Ǯ󷽼
ۿ㻹湻޳ܵġڨڨһƽ̯𡣡
Ǯһż̿
ʲôƨ취׬Ǯģ㻹һȥһС
Уⱱ͸ˣǸû׬ʲôǮﻹõó
һ޵׶Ƕġ
УУ취̫ˡ

ȫԣһ⡣
տյ˵ôɣȫȫڰ׬ǮһŲҶ˵ˣ׬ǮҲΨһܹǴģҪǶѡһģңҲҺƣҪԴСҪǾֱ˵ҪôõһȥҲС
˿ʼң
ͷ룬ƺ취ЩǿѣؼڱǣڱƺգûжٲֵҺյȷ뾡취ڰ׬ǮΪˣһжѾǳˡ
ֵҪǾţһͲǸҰôΣǰɣģһãͲˣֻҪǲģ¾Ͳ֮ˣϾֲʲôޡȻҿǷǳϣλܹڱҰѻﶨҪС
Ǯ󷽵룬ҲֻţҲף¿µǻǱⲻ˶ѡһľء
һѵѡ
ȵĻǿ϶ѡУǳ͢İã϶ˣһߣ϶Ҫţô͵ڻعǰˡ
Ҳû˼飬ŵ˵һ̶ˮ׬ǮǮ٣Ҳ಻
ǡǡǱƣ˭˶֪ǰҪù̫ˣҵϢÿҶ໥߳һһˬ졣ǱϾ˽˰ģȣκη紵ڳ͢һֽñţ⣬;Ҳ׽Уյ˹٣ȻһЩһ;Ǳؽ۱
֮иĺã־Ҫ
ǻǶ˵ҪǿǣȻɢˡ
ķϣ¹棬ٳǰͻȻյС磬ģôһ֧㣬ˡ
ЦرŮأ


һЦЦģķĺˣƾ㷽һ仰Ұ㽫ƣΪǮˡ
ķϣЦֵǽͻ뺫Сչˡ
գգ
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ķϣǰŸߣһ͵˳һ󣬵С磬ΪβʱסǣⲻǱǴкǱ֮ѡôһѡУǿɾˡ
տЦ֪ûлڼ飬ھ͸豣֤סǵĻôлһСĽΪһʲôƣⷴǲҲֻɵһЩʱգα겻αԵҾҪ֣ǽƶˣٳֽѵǣһݣҿûй壬ƨгûʲôġ˵ţǺһЦͬҲġ

˰ʱ֣ͻȻƮëë꣬ڱϿա
ʱοͽѾȥˣÿյġ
ֻһվڵʯǰ΢΢ͷעʯ
úһһˣ¬ʦԣʯǰҲ̧ͷʯ񣬹Ƭ̣ջĿ˵޴㣿
š
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¬ʦԵʱ֪Ľ֣ôˣʱֻԹɴ޴һʱҲԸʹһ
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¬ʦԺǺһЦ߰ɣȥ
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¬ʦԵվ˵ۣҿҲʰ
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¬ʦû³ˣ㻹Ϊٰ
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445 ǧ
һ磬վһЩʷ̨ԻδſڣͼһȺ˴˳Ԫ¡׵ˡ
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֪ĻˣһҪæ񰲾ֵ£Ҳֲ㣬˰ɣʷ̨ûһס

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ǸӰ
ײûдˤֱתżﳤȥ
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û˵ӣԭһͦο˵ĻôǸеֵֹġ


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Ͻһǳľĵطڰɽһ̨ͤУϯض֣Ҳͬڡ
Ԫµ˸Ͻ֣Ϊ֮
ѧʻΣؼΪ١
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֣С֣һߣ˾ͼææɽȥ

һԶһɽУһСɽϣŴ漱Ҵ߹ӣȻǺһЦô죬˼ҿɸѽҲ׼
˵ţߵһ򣬵ϳˣɱ¶ݰ
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£ǧŰ˽еķ罫רӲ컷ռϢġ
ǰȥǽףֻ˳⣬Ͼ̫עĿˡ


446 Ǻ
һֱڹĴɣҲ˵˻Ҫη塣
̫ˣҲǲеģΪͻ˺ˣ͸һͬƨƶϷֻһ˵£Լһͥ£ƾһöɴ˿ɼ񷨵Լкõһ档
һ񷨺ɵѾء
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лĴҹ㣬ڼּû˵ǹڴ壬òͨʵϲӣûйͬԣ֮ޣҲǳŵڣԻãᶺ˿ģǽһϴ֣ϴǹʲôҲ˵һ飬ͶϣΪǸԼɷӲΪϡ
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ڴҵºɽµһɽ֮ϣһֱһôԣһֻ֣ḧһֻСڹꡣ

Ȼ䣬һˣô
Ǻ˭
ЦȻˡǱأ
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ͷͻȻڿ²ǰ㡣˵ţͷµСһ
תĿһֻͻԪ¼Ҵ߹
һּîġҲǴҴҶ
Ϊʲôϻƭӣֻ˶̰ġипһ¾ȸһˣôչȫԼ
ǺɽСǽ˿϶ȥˡ

а룬֪׵ȻӵѡȨѾ뺫յȦڣһⲻĽᡣ뵽һϮתĿźգ
ɬӣôҺòЩûš
˵ҷվʱЩţȴͬƺһжǳȻ·޹أǰǲǾ£
ⲻƨôչƵ˭ˣɣҲ͵ѽô㲻ͷһ˵֪ұţΣֻһ·ƽĺ˰ˣģҷŽ𣬽ŵĸǡ
ԵͷȻ˵ͦеģлǾЩ죬ؼǺյıĲƵһظµˣΪУԵţַǳĮһеһз·ƿصУ⾿һֶΣ
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һ˿ݵ˵һж纫ʷԤƵڽչҿлСѾݺ飬Դ̷΢΢¶Ϊ˼÷ǳĲ̸콫̼ҵԼˣھͿݺʱˡ
յ֪ɻʲô𣿡
һ㶣漴ҡҡͷ
Ǽ꣡
յƭͬҲˣɻ伱ꡣ
Ҳ֪ǱϾƭˣһãܻ¶ġ
ЦֹǣֻվĽǶȥ˼ġǣһãܻ¶һЩҪǼѵġԶԷͬҲӰ죬ΪԽãԽ棬ԷҲУö֮ķ֮ľͻ𽥱ĥʱĵͻᱻԡҪףҲҪĲƣˣҪ鱻ƭֱѵζԽǵòģͻԽõͻԽݺĸ黹Ҫĵĵȥ
ˡҶһ䣬ʷ֪лԶݺĸ鲻
պǺǵа취
ĺ׼Ȼ˼˼ѾлĲˣһƭӶԣǷǳģлδõݺ֮ǰͶϾ˼Ĺϵɴ˿ɼݺ֮Ǿͻ
˵䣬һɫһϲҾ˵ҪģŻϹ԰գѾ͡
ɵ㹳֮ʱһ㶡
ʱ̿СҰǺٺ͵Цš
ֻ㹳ʲô㣬һֻз
εֻзƬ̣ԳЦҲԣʲô㣬ҲһЩϺз


ۣʲô㰡
պСҰջص¥ԺһŨŨζһۣź˽ȥ
ֻáζСΧһԲԣŲٲȣ̸Ŀţȷʵǳ㡣
磬СҰ
ܵȷæ˹˷ܵǿЩҴ˺öóԵĸǡ
һ㶣أ
ܵҲ£漴磬ô㲻ǰȥƷʳô
Ŷ
ջȻЦС湻ݵģԲ껹ߡ
ܼܵæûõģүҴ㳢
ˣ廹ϣܹѰѹأ֣ܵܵĹԲǣԳ˰ɡ
ܵԼĶӣٺٵе㡣˵ţһִСҰļϣ˷ܵСҰǲ֪ҽһվͳ˼ʮˣЩóԵҪЩѳԵĺܣǻͦȤġŶջһһȥòãһЩš
СҰͷЦð
ܸܵǿģסСҰʼߴ˵ŽһЩȤ¡
һţʵҲϲܵ߶¶ǻһЦ


447 ģ
𿴺̩Ȼ²ʵǷǳģƻһʼעؽԼ֣е˷һǳȫλϣмʲôһЩڴӶõЩϢںĻƭ־ԲôУΪںĻǿ·ģҲ۱ˣڲ·кܶ˸ԣƻУǾԵģмֺܻЩھڵʷʱȥ
ңҲûпȥЩ£ΪѾʼԱﶯˡ
ʱգеѾȲˣźյĹԽԽǾԽ£ȵɫַ糱ոջ䣬Ǿ׼豱һ
򵥴ֱʱķǽۡ
ʮͳһۣûһҵ⣬ֻгͻģͶཱུһЩ̡̡۽̵ȵȣûеǾٽһЩʲô彣ϯʲôġ
ԾԱ
˺ЦǣƺûжʲôԽֱӽһӪģʽ˹ȥŪʲô齱ȯȵŻݵķʽ
⣬ǻҹеĿںţΪ͢ѾҹоͶУûѡȡַΪеλǼѵģܱȫĸ̫ۡξҲڶиͬҲˣΪĵش˶סܱߣ־ǶƽȻҲڣƽﱾҹҹϸ裬ҹжƽ˵ǿĲࡣ
⣬͢ҲϢ˷ҹ̣רԵͨգЩرȽٵİա
ҲΪӮðյĲٺøУҲ̰ͼСˣϢһǷӵԽ࣬Խգԣ˾ԽԽࡣ
ƳҵģǷǳģ٣Ҳ٣ʴг񣬶ûгֹ۵ΪҲֻ򣬸¢ϵ࣬⻹ͷһأǾġȻ۸棬͢ҲֻǿҵĹܿأǳ͢һԤǼۣ۳͢Ԥ˻ˡ
ֱӸǳصĴ
ΪЩӵǰҪΪ磬ڻҲûˣô֣ǵȻҲȥ֡
̰˵İպͼֵĹ嶼ȥˣôȻǱÿյģ˵ǹ಻ΪҪ֪Žա
ҲԱмһس
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¥ԺҲˡ
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ۣʲô
ɣľ˽ģһ
ܵܵ磬㷽ȥأ
ŶȥľǱ߿˿ôȥ棿
˶ţʲôġ
ܵͷԵúơ
⵹Ҳǡյͷ룬СǵãЩ˼룬ҵ¸ǸɣǺ˼ģãǷһ٣ȥƤƤǵ˵ֵͦģôȥ
̵ܵǿȥô
Ȼ
ЦǷ¥Ļôʲôʱʩнˡ
ƾ͵ô϶Ǳܻȥ
ָָƣŭ䲻ƣôãôףֲǶȥй䣬ֲӰָ֣ԼӣûбҪġ
ǡ
ûʲôǡ
һִǵĻתͷɣľɣľ̲ǮǣǮ٣һһǮҲϣȫŮȫ£ǷģһػǰɡŶųȥеĶôˣռ˵˵ǵסǮ꣬ͲܻɶģǧԥԪҵˮʹ򣬳ûҲһ´ҵĻʳŶǵðζҲЩ
滪𾪵磬˵ô
ɣľǮ
ն÷ϻˣȥȥﰦ̾ģ˼ˣǵΪ֢
ɣľźգֹţܴ̼˰ɡ
պһɣľ㻹վʲôȥӡ
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ףС֣Ҫȥ
ζԺҲ˳ּСڸ鲼ģ档
ܵ˷ܵҪȥóԵģζҪʲôôҰǴ
ǾҪȥУ
԰ǽ㣬Ҫʲôô
ֿܵĵʵ
⡪
ȻûгţҲ֪һжԱȥ붼ùֵֹİ
ҽȥġ
մ˳
ζСո磬Ϊô
һǶ٣һߣˡ
ûʲôǶ٣١
ǵıȽϿ죬ͽӡ
ʱˣʱ
պٺٵ
ζջûƵãСո磬һ˶ûУⶼŪģôСȥ
̾ʲô취˰ǿ˵ɣôǿȿˣҪⲻõʱҲ˵ԿٶԿͶ֣ƽģƽġ
ܵͻȻ磬ǡԶСΪ֮СΪô
һսƱ
ŶܵƶǶĵͷ
ռˣ룬ǲǴ˵еӵܰ
Цԭô
һֱôòշŰ۵
˵䣬ɣľǶѾ׼ֵܵ磬ˡ
Цõģõģÿġ
СҰͻȻ㲻ȥô
ζǣ̧̧üëǸСҰ־ǡ
СҰܵһۣ͵Ц
ơ˵Щʲôɼ飬֪˵ãûƤҲûãһ֣ҾǮˡ
ߺ󣬺ԭα¶ζǺٺٵζվãҪǽ˿ʲôģַһ淨ͦģҪҪ԰


Ǯ󷽽ûȥУֻǰȥΪ֪ԼȥˣҲֻ˳ЦԾͲȥˣڵ棬˼룬׸ѡ˭æһֻһĳӺƺƵɣľˡ
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ǮΪʲôˣһϲæɣľҪȥ
ɣľûпڣܾܵ͵Ǯ壬׼ȥˡ
У
Ǯ󷽶ʱɵˣŵҪȥУ
ܵܵͷ԰не̶ˣȥЩ㲻֪ô
ô᲻֪ĵҲˣûа취ڿɲٵлˣô룬ôԼĵ̵Լĵ̣йҵġ
֣ܵǮ壬ˡ
˵գֺʹ˵Цò֡
ʵЩ˵ģῼô࣬ǺǮȥϰ壬û˵Ѳˡ
Ǯ󷽴ܵ뿪⡪һʲô̵ܵĶọ̃˴˻ţһãȻ
˼ô㣬㻹ȥ˼ҵĳ׼ʲô°
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֪
ڱһ˶Сôȥ
ѵè壿
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ǮͻȻ˵С᲻Ѿأ
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Ǯ󷽵뿴ںС綼ѾˣЩԹŸȱǮΪԽ𣿡
ָͷܣٶ٣ֱĺܣһһأҹҲĪĹϵΪ;ҲǼпܵġ
ƵƵͷ
ߵ˵С粻ˣ룬ҲȥˡһаǶˣǼǮûɶ׬ģ˵Ȼ˾ҲǮĻⱱǷǵÿȥ
ǰԾƹģ֪ڱⶼҸۣǲĻֲǻ
ҪǾȥҹУ˵ǹرձĵ̣ЩѾкܴĳɼˣȥ
ǮԥҪǺСܹ˻Ǿͺˣǰæһ˵ˡ
໥ۡ
ͻȻǱΪΣ֮ʣʱȥ侮ʯһС緭ˣʱǿɾֺ߲ˣЩˣòһôҪߣҾ߾ˣµЩʱҪ
ָ˵ǣСҪǲǣҲû취Ƚ֮С
ļ׵㲻Ҫ𣬳ô£ܵȥҺСɡ
ȥʲôȥ
Ǯ󷽺һǲίģҪˣⱱҲ͹ˣҪҲǺСǣÿضȥŪԽԽˡ
Ǯ˵òСа취ԻǣҪûеĻȥҲͽ޹
ָô죿
΢һڻǸոտʼˣҲһʱˣҪٵȵȿɡ
Ǯ󷽵ͷ޳ɣھͼȥҹУǿ϶ҪҪǣʱǿܻﻢ£ûǣҲһЩ


448 
ںǸ棬ÿÿ룬ڱԹѧУҹŮһ
Ǵδһ˴ӳһ뿪ʼһеһжѾעˣû˸öôȤ
ҾĲȤܴ
ͬԭΪκôţ峯ôܣΪ峯Ѿǳͳһˣܱ߾ûһĵˣʴ˲Ż᲻˼ȡȴūͻʡެЩǿĵڱϻôͱʱ̱޲Լøǿ󣬲ȻĻʱܱ
̴ʱ˿идһ̣֪ԼԭǷǳеģҲк״ܹȫȫִӵеȨ
Ǿġ
վеߵ¥ϣοͣĸоͻȻ䣬Ϊò˶ãͻرˣһֻع糣ʱҲø߸ϡ
УС
ú洫һ̻ͷһֻκһ˷ܵ˹룬ʱ˶Ұ͸ƵãΧת
Уҷȥתתһ˶ûУңһ˵ˣ¥˶ˡ
κǼ֮Աκ˶ҪڿһЩΪһʤеĵλ϶ǴӣȽǮеĵλ϶Ͳˡ
ü˵¥أ
κͷͻȻѵΪè壿
̳ü˼Ƭ̣ҡҡͷ̫񣬳еĻһɨգĻǸûӰ졣⵹Ǻʾá
κͷҾôġУ뿴ҹпǺģҪҹеĻͱУһʾãԼأãҲٵǮҹûаã;ͻܵӰ죬ᣬܲһҹУԼҲŪҪʱģһհġ
һϲҲû¶ʲôı飬Ǯأ
κǮϵʱڱҸղŻʱ򣬷ѾУѾ֪ˡ
΢΢¶΢Цֺαػô๤򡣡
ۣⷬɲΪ˸ˣּͼǳ֮ƣҲ˵ʲô⣬ôҪĿģΪ˱ǮǻֻҪǮǳʣмͱرˡ
ǣ
κЦҿҲˣϽǮǽ̸˰ɡ
㼱ʲô
̵ȻԸ˽ôͻʧȥеȨǻûң֤ǻڹУҪңĻǱǵ֮һġ
κҲԣýһλᣬúѹѹǮ󷽡ֵˣһһϢ
̵ʲôϢ
κ¥ȥˡ
棿
Ϣǳɿ
Ц˿ԷѾǭ¿ˡ
κǺձϾڱΪʼʹ
һ֣ĻаգͲһ˳ˡɲصģǱ߶Աʹһǲһѻ𣬵ʱǮ󷽵˾ͻˡ
κϲѣƨ˳ᢰ

ƳԽһγִģҵͻǰδⲻմȥҲ˳͢ζˣǰȥ̽Ϊ͢Ҳ뿴ܷѰʲôʾԺҲο
ڶеһ¥ߵľ¥ڡ
涼Ϊ¥ȴԵÿյģĸڴߣңʢ
⼸߿ǲѽǳ޼ɡ襡áСǼһ˭ϵ
襲пЩ˶ˣһƥİʮǮۺ͵ľˣǵʱһƥҲҪİʮǮ
úЦ䣬͢෬̸ǽ۸ϣɹŲҲԸۣڻó͢ǽۣЩ˻Ǽĺܰ
޼ͻȻеΪ飬ο£
΢һҾ÷ͬ˵е˶ģ͢ƽ޹ǽۣǿ϶ӦͬˣˣΪ˺Լ棬ǲۡ룬ǹ鳯͢еĻôǾͿñȶۣȳֱ͢ӸҪõöࡣ
ȷˣо۲ǲǰǶڻʳʱȶǱõģղ˭ˣһģһֱܵżʴ˲Żγ־޼ɵ˼ǣϣ͢汣
ҡͷ˵Ļп»᲻͢Ҳûɰգǰһأﲻءҷô˵뱱֮Ϊ͢ʵĶгſһЩһЩ˽Ǳ˴˾͢Ҳء
襵̫ξҲ˵ˣΪյ˵ķǳԶʱڣԭոովʮս˭Ҳ̣ķϣ˿٣ʴ˾Ʋȫʵ˿ڼǲģ⣬ؼ沢Ҳأ͢ǷܹҵΪһֶָΣҳľơ
޼һ̾ǣԴӺϻ˵֮Щһֱ˼⣬ؼ沢ֹȻˣֻټѾɢƶ̣ȷǿеģǣ̹ڶͨƹھգһһȻ෴͢ſ̣ͨôͱȥ̣ͨһߣؿɾͻķˣʴɲ׷ſ֮ᶯҡ
˵˶٣²֮ܲòΪӪ͢Խſͨ̾ڳڣϾ磬ܶնûзֵأڲҡƵǰ£ıƣҲδɣҳǾʦдҲԼʱĹ̫Ķҡ
΢΢Ц̫ξܵ
޼ɰڰֵˣ˼άЩˡо仰˵ķǳãι֮ʱΪ֮ͬҲˡҴƷԱЩ󳼵һһУȻ󲨣ʴ˶һҪмǣܼꡣ
ҵһǡ



ڹǵɿ£ӵұˣһΧ¯Ǻεȵ
Һãв塣
ΪкܶҪʴδȥС
ȷǮǶȥС
ȷȷۿ뿪ġ
ǽ̹û
ǵûС
ǺǣУȥԱг
ĲļЦˣҳǮȥ档

㲻ϲô
ҡҡͷ
ﳤġһЦֵɣҵʱһ㹻ڳκεطǮȥúÿǿǡ

ͷͻȻ⻰Щףһεźա
չһЦȳˡ
˷¥ȥԱгͬҲģЩС̯ǳü
С硣
ϲ緢ֺա
һգɫһϲ̶Χ˹
Һã
չ֣ͻȻϲϲǵ㵱׬Ǯ׬ʹģЩûлʹȥֽûǮ׬ˣôֲˣ
ϲһʵˣ˼һ£漴˵ǰϰûǮˣһ׬ôǮԲŻ޵ģûǮ׬ˣȻﲻùҲûޡ⡪еŶ˵棬Լ˵Ϳˡ
ô׼Ĵ𰸣
£ЦŵͷķǳмλûȥңԭΪǿ϶ҵġ
ϲС磬ǵȷȥ㣬鲻ãʴ˲ûȥ㡣
յͷס
һʵС磬ܸ˵˵⾿ôô
ҲΪµġ
յ±ȽϸӣһʱҲ˵ʵ޹أܽôԱгһῪȥģȻͱˣȻҪΪܱ߻кܶˣﶼᵹģڣԱгͲȱˣǸõģ͵ǸԼŸ٣ǰЩʱһ۵İɡ
ϲҡͷһҲۡ
׬Ǯ׬ôƤôоۡ
ô
ݸһЦôĲҪκεǣԱгһֱȥģɣµȫ⡣
һ¶ϲɫ
С磬ĲرԱгô
ǸǮǲһпɲǵģΨһܹĵطǿ϶뿪ģǾǵıﵹգսԱгˣĻȥ
Ǳ֤رԱгġտ϶ĵͷֵ⣬еĶôˣҿάֲ˼죬ٹþ͵ùˣǸϽȥ򣬵Ҳʲôճ֮ͿԶЩ͵ǸԼŸ٣գٺúĥһԼʲôҪĽġ
ҵõյı֤ļˣҲ̰ĵˣûҲˣˣԺ󶼲ˡʰž׼ȥˣȥй
տϵЦݣҲͷˣʵ͵˻룬صظһ𸴡Ϊǻˣʵˣƻһģ±ƭֻЩʵʲôûŪһͷʹ˽Ҳûɶġ
ճñձǱһƳֻһλΪĴŮƸƸõ˹
ϽһĨ¶һƵı飬ۿ΢죬Ů߹СС£֪Цġ


449 ߳
Ͼƭӣķǳ죬ҷǳı棬ڵĺտȥ͸б̣׼Լ̨һ
ԪĵǸӵĿۺգϸ㻹ðɣ͸ŨŨĹġ
ҡͷȴֹʲôôͻȻôᣬҲ̫˰ɡѵˣۣδ̫ͻȻ˵㡣
ʱôгڴŲԪĵһﲻ˵ĵطȥɡ
յͷʵʣֻô
Ů˸ԪĵΪһȲ裬Ȼ棬ô
ָŴһ֪ʵû˵Щ
Ԫĵһ̾˵ͷڴô죿
ҪдĻͲԱгСȻȥ
ճ̾һһЩ̫Ϊˣо仰˵úѽھʵǰһıƶǸƣϾеʵԶҿⲻѽǺ滹г͢һһ޲ߣһǻһͿء
ԪĵüƬ̣ǱǸΪϾҲһ˵ġΨһܹľȡ֮ĶԼһǧᣬǾһ˳һɡ
֮㶼Ѿ䶨ˣƾʲôǮ
տԪĵһͬı飬һתһ룬ѽʲôʱԪĵôˣŶףǹװϣһлǸѽӦҾͰװʧٹᣬɲһСǮѽӦǸںġģʲôʱüթˡ
Ԫĵźյ֪ԣֻǱˮнҲΨһܹˡ
װʹĸװհڰ֣ЦˣˣҶѾˣںһǧǮôҲΪԼһ¡
ԪĵĪҪѽһرգ㽫ʧأôˣʲôҪǮʱһǧԣҲһСĿ
ʵװȥˣؼѾˣûˣյˣˣװˣ˼ô
ԪĵʵҲ̵ܣһЦĿһһģװģֻ㣬ҿװͦµġ
˵ȻȤǱ˺ƣɾûȤˡûԽԽƻˡ
ԪĵⶼǸѧġ
𣡡
̵ǧô˵ôһˣʲôʱƻմϱˣɱ뻵ôҲһ١
Ԫĵ΢΢һЦ촽΢΢ſ¶һݣյƷ˿
յôģݼͦİ
ļٲˣٵ治ˡԪĵһֱֶûлһֱڱɲ㣬ӮҲۣ㲻һ㶯ҲûУɼ϶˺Уô㷽Ŷװġ
ô
վȵĿԪĵ
Ԫĵ򴽵ô
һ㶣ҧгݵѧĻ񡣡
Ԫĵʵ̲סˣһЦ˳ãá
ԭװͷˣ֪˵ĻҾӦӲһ㣬עһǧᡣշ˷ۣۺȲ裬ˡ
Ԫĵ΢΢Ƴһۣг񰡣
ҡҡͷ⵹̸ϣԷһмֱӣǳЧؼеĵλüѣҲ֪Ȼǳ͢滮ģʵҲǸݳĸγɵģܱ߶Ǹˣܱ߶ǹ壬ЩλΪ˱УǺѵģ˵ǲܵģ£ǺȡʤһһԱ±÷ǳӣҵİ취ϣΪܻתģҲǵĽ۲һֱάȥҲǲһֱôġ
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κһҲǣɱͷʲôûţǵһɧУ˵ģɲԶš
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Ȼ֪ǻ˵ǵһЩʵһǱƣ˽˽ģһУǰ׬ȡǮгڶ͢ȫȫİ׬Ǯ෴͢Ϊ˴֣Ӷǵ档Ϊ֤һ㣬Ѿһݺ׼͸ǡ
˵ţһ֣Եļˣͬǰһ׼õϷַÿ
Ǯ󷽵˼϶׼ˣ϶ԤƵǻˡ
ûйϵΪÿǿոǵϣܴ޾ľϲϽԽ¿Ŀ˸ƵԽ죬ҲϵſˮɫС˵һ
ЦǱＴƳĻԱƶȣһСڱﾡ鹺ҲҪǱǮߣӲҪŴʮųǮˣڱͽõΪʵ顣⣬һַһЩƱЩСһ۸ǵϿͻǶѾ뵽ˣһСнͻǱǵĿԴֻӲ١
ˣĹģüҲһǴܱسǡأиɫͬʱҵĿ꽫¥һ취¥ҵµŵԡȻⶼǱǰǰͻбʵڵģҲ׼һݷǴƺƺҸ¥Ͼٰģǲǣǻ¥¥ʴ˼һдƺҪһж빺ǵĪĹϵȨ
˵΢΢һЦҪ˵Ѿ˵ˣʱˡ


456 Žǽ
ϵ۰氡͸һɣ

˵֮ûûкȲһƬ
ΪǶڽʾ֭е棬׸ȡᣬй˵
ҲżƵĺŲ裬ˣͿûһȥδ
˲춼ȡѡ񣬱Ͼûдˣûᣬûȡܱ˶һ˸ռˡ
úðΣͻȻС磬ɷ࣬㾿ʲô취һҹʹô˵ģ
ЦܼѽУ̰ڣһ굽ͷҲ׬ôǮʲô˼ұ֤ڱһ׬Ǯܾܾϣʱ̣ǿʼһ˲䣬ӤأСѿУǱǴʱС
С
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һ˴ͷˣ˶ˣľϸ㣬Ӧ¿϶ˣ׷׵ͷӦ
Ǯһ֪º߼ˣϽκôԼãԽԽŭһ֮£ҲʹӦ
վȻ仰˵˺ܶ飬һҪ˵һ飬ϣǺ졣
죡
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ƺǵ˼ǸǣЩǴģǳˣĳ԰ɡ
ôһ˵Ƕʱû飬ڳԼİ
ϯǮ󷽵˾ͻصԼĵȥˣʼˣֻһ·ߵˡ
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տЦȴһƬغգֽŪ壬ֵֽǷ£Īڴ˰
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458 ҷԴ
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ȴüֻӵĻ֧͢һЩЩ̲ȫڳ͢ģЩԼǮģԸˣЩ𣬼ģҲⲻ𡣡
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ֵŵĻǧҪй¶ȥЩ㣬óѵǼ䣬ǻΪǣڱǰ澡ʧ㲻ǻһӵԹôͷϰɡ


459 װƣ
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˫⻰̽ɾͲˣҪǸʲô˳һһ
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Ҷ붼һЩӸǣʵҲûɶҪģֻһЩϰùϵʱҪƱôܵЩȥԱгϷŹʴ˳յıһţ̾ͱ÷ǳ𣬷·֮ǰĶǻþ
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˵ɵأʵҲΪԹụ̃˵ԱѾΪһֳ̬ÿ˶ΪǱģԼҲ;ԼǱˣ˵ѾԱˣΪôҲõ˵أǻȾһ˽ˣܹԣȻǻôĲƸʱļֿͣʼԼĴеһֶѭƴ׷棬˹ҺͰգ͢͸Ӳǣѹǡ
εͷ˵ĲôҲΪγ͢ɢƶ̵УʼնǣϾǲصġ
޼˼ƺҲһ޷⣬һ˲Ҳȥ̡
յֻ֮飬ҲóԷֵûκֻһԣһ֣ܹ֮ȡ߶ĻرΪҲе˷ǳķգҲǷǳƽģ޿ɺǡҲ޷⣬ؼԼҪӣȵԼмֵ˱һ˵Ļıǰޱȣ˲ûκμֵﻹռطǵȡʳʳգͱ÷ǳмֵˣȻȻͻõ˵ӡ
̾˵Ǽ򵥣ɾˡ
յ£ʵһҲѣֻ͢˳Ȼɡ
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մ۳ڣд󺵣ȳӣտ಻ԣʱվ˳գ͢ɹѹأǳû̧߼ǮɰյѪܻ˸мǵģܻǵġ
ͬ䣬ҴжͻʣǵǵѪΪҴȡһݰʱվ˳֧Ԯǰսʿ֧Ԯ֧͢Ԯ£ܲܲ͢мǣ˶˰һԽξԽ׬ñũ࣬˰ȴһƽ
΢һֱãزǿʩģҲܹǮģҪԼȡģõ˵أȣ˵ôʵҪ˵ˣʿũ̽ˣһ˵ļֵ˶ٹףĳĲƸ
ˡն˵һ䣬̫ξڰеĵλôߣɲΪңΪΪ˷ǳܳĹףʴ˲ӵĵλͬӣΪԹΨ̫ʥϻɺĳƺţǾΪֻ̫ʥСԹŽԹлĵң޶֮һػˣ̫ʥҲòɺĳƺšڵ˻û͢˽ˣֻ˺գ˺ңΪ˹ףôȻõ˵ء
޼ɡãǰСӻǾ͸
ιŹֵ˺һۣǳգⷴɷĹٳ·ʦӺˣ

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գⶼˣ»ػίһ㡣һ¶ʲôɣ΢Ǻס
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кǺǵʷ˷ۣ˵ܹҺͰշڵһôӦõأñ㡣
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յ¹ٺεºܣȣֱʮǧ
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ҲʵȷʵЩǿ
⻰һ˫أ޳ɵĻô͵ӼֵۣŵڹۣҺΪΪ񣬳͢Ӧöβǣ޳ɵĻ˵ҾΪңŵ̫ξġ
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εͷҲġΪˣܹдػ˼룬޶˵ȷĹۣҲ޶ɢƶ̣ϣǴмǲ֮ܲҹУˣֻΪ͢һֳԣһߣ޻޳ɺյĹ۵㣬ڵ̣˶볯ͬͬ͢£޿ԸӣԸʶ䣬ҲԹˡ
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462 ճ̶뻢Ѩ
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ΪҹУſũ֮٣ҹУͱˣھһ̵ֹߡ
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˵˵
ԵþͷǳҲɴҲҪĿġ
һ˲УøӼᶨ
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֪̽ǴʱҪֵģ޷ģǼ󣬻һǧ󣬵äĿ̣ⶼΪһЩӰ쵽ˣΪһǿǿһеģ˱ûеߵĻҽٿǰΣ˺ܶˡ
ǧ꣬ʲôĻУΨû˵ĻΪụ̃˾ǱĴʣҲΪʲô˺ĸ￪źй͵ķǳûеµߣΪĻҲûⷽĵ̣ʲô׬Ǯʲôô׬Ǯôɣһ˺
ųԶٷĵǷǳɱģϾͷǳˡ
Ƴҵһԭ̬ģûܹȾģ·ǱģղţҲԶֵģǱⲻ˵ġĺܣڿ·ĳڣͽһֻ˵ĻͳĻºɷѹߣܴѹߣϳͣɽˣҲһûеߵˣ׼ϣô׬Ǯô͸ɣΪס
ĻǿԴеģڻԣġ
Ҳͬյ˼룬˹ģĲǿɣǸϸĹ淶ԴΡ޼ɱֵĶǷǳǲй޹
Ϊĸ￪ʱģʱйƶƶãȰGDPʲô취һֻۣһֻۣƹǷǳǿʢѾһˣû˿ԿģҪ죬Ҫȣеʱ䡣
˵ǳԣЧĻ϶ǳΪƵĹߣũΪ̸֮ΪĹϵΪ

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Ԫĵһ΢΢ЦҲĿ
֪ºͺյĹϵΪΪһˣӦġ

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Ψдкͺ̩ȻΪûп
ոͲΪ䣬ǵ˫õмһԼ˫Ҳȥ󣬵û⵨ǽŰһɣϵһ˿ûм٣ش޴㡣
ԪŮͬʱһֽĿ˵ϣۺգȻͬʱ
ղǿڣԼ޴ĵ壬ģĪǽúͺⶼôŮ˸ˣǸ죬ǱҪȻˣǻʲôִˡ
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ŭ˭֮ãҺʹ޴㻹Ϲۡ
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аԵ⣬ÿ˶ѡѵȨҪô˭ҲûȨԤǼȻˣҲͱô޴˵ˣĻֻԵô޴˴ˣԲء
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⻰˵ĶŮѵҲԼԲ޴㣬ɲԸͷϴŮˣͬҪ¡
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ոҶ췢ģδϿ־ı飬ֻб˿ʱ¶ֱ


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˵ţҡͷһ̾㣬ǰ˵Ļûд̫嶯ˡڷϸ㵱ζԸģ뵽ˣҾѧŽͷϴ٣ҳˣʹһ˳ȥѰ㣬ǽûиңȥˣѰһ£ûҵ㣬Ѱ˼ǲǻˣֻص˳ϧ㻹ûлֱǰ֪ԭȥˣҲǱⶼû뵽
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Ҿһã̸۵أѾԻò֡


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ΪƵһҵ壬ԪȻŹᡣ
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Цĵ㿴ԶִӺطǶΪˡ
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Ҫ֪⻹ֻǺѡҶһЩѡûн뵽״̬ҪǵܾǾضȻʳ̶ȣ붼֪
ȻһĻʢĴʼˡգȴûвУһսҪҹУֻҹһݰˣչȫ֡ȻϸǳḻĻ̶ޣ𲻳ĺûĻҲмĲ޷
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Ҳγһ磬ܶƶԼĻȥҹ̯ӽ⻹Ƿǳá
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һ˵ôǿɻҪѲҹˣҹɲǵְ𡣡
һ˵Ҳô˵⹷Ǳ˸ˡɣȥѲӣҰȥңǵȻ޵·档
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˵ẓ̵̌ĹĶģҹȥ
ŶǱߡ
Ȼǲûз֣ʱһ·עǣ漴ĬĬóһСӣ滭ȦȦ

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ڶиɵϣһССվ۴ޡ
Ѳһ˼С۴ޣϽ˹ʵСޣʲôôһ
Ҹ߶ˡء
ûϵ߸磬סȥ
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ʱһˣͷôԶ
Сִ
ǰ˵Сޣޣھʹȥ˵ͬҿʱ϶Ҳǳżȴȥһ£磬͸Ұܵͻȥˡ
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˵ҹпܷ⣬ͻȻһʱֵ棬Ѳǿʼæµֻǲ֪һȺĬĬļǡ

ֵʱǶݵģѾ컹δ룬һʱĴƺڽˣǴȻδǴڼȿܵ״̬׼˼°볡
Ȼʱ򣬴СʾǸûȥϾҪʼˡ
ģȺ½뿪УǰҹȥǷǳΣյһ£ΪֻСҲ࣬ſ֮󣬴ѰҷᣬȺӵĻȥǷǳȫˡ

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Ӵǽˡ
̴Ĩźˡ
ҹиˣҹĴεת꣬ȥУȥƽһûЪϢ̴ֿźգգҪÿҹǶҪŪǷǵɡ
ȻѾ¸ҹգԼżˡ
ﲻʲôȻ¸ҹУǻǱҪѲӡ
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ս͵鲻ô򵥵ģѲӲΪάΰΪҹбøӼ򵥺ͺ
Ҳ˻
յþͲ˵ˣǱ۲ЩֵĸʱȽ϶ܹ࣬õЩݵĻǿʱϨһЩѣһЩ֧⣬Դݵ֣ΪЩֵûɶ˹Ϳ԰ȥѲӾͿˡоЩ˱Ƚ϶࣬Щ˱Ƚ٣ҹ۲죬˷İջϰ˯ķİϲҹгţǽ¥ƵشͱҹĹᳳˡһЩֻᷢҹ⣬ӦһͳƣȻЩ⣬һЩԵĴʩ࣬кֻܶ࣬ͨĹ۲죬ҹбøӺͰȫ
ƵƵͷ֮
̴ȴѾѲһҹѾ㹻ˡ
ҡҡͷջ˵κ⣬ΪǵһοҹУΪǵһοҹвųֵģֻеҹгΪһֳ̬ЩŸвοļֵ
ˣ̶Ҷûкۣһ佫Ϳʼˣ˼ôҿɧǱƲġ
̴ʱһΡ
ЦǶȾƣھͿȥȡ
̴ҡͷ˺ʲô˼
յ˭˵ֻЩ̨վڵʿôҶѾźˣھͿȥԡ
Ǹð
̴ԵЩȲٺЦ
岻̫ȥϾһȺǱ̴Ӳȥ
ǵеʱ򣬷˾ʿÿÿĽм飬ǵְ֮һҪϸලа©
մų̴棬ΪﶼҪɨ˼°ࡣ
һҹѣлģôˣòŶǮȵ˸ˣЩҲ񣬴ҿʼԴһҹĺ磬ͶˣԵñ˭һЩ̴͵ȲʼſƤ¹ǳ壬ЩС䣬ȡ
֪룬ǲŻȥϢ


473 ֦ͷ
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ϲһˣ벻Ӿлǰզûзˡ
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ĸŬǣˣ˵𾢣û⡣

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ͬʱҲϣǶѾԤ˭ýˡ
·Ϊƺĳֶһϵеĸı䡣
ߣ翪ʼͱƽ࣬ƽʱһЩ̫ĸˣΪյݳ̱ǣЩ˵ģ̻һߡ
һЩĸͷˣѾʼԤıøĸ˲ȥһˣһ죬̳ɱӡ

ȻΪƺĴʼ˺գȴԵ÷ǳ͵ΪҹŻһ˯͡
׼ȷ˵Ǳ˳ѵġ
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ݶԵ
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֪ʱȥˣ緹ûгȥԣĵܸܵġ
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յڿ׸Ͽգ׸ǰӳá
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ǰվʮλԱۣۣϾ״ڳΪʮ꣬¸أʴ˺ܶ˶ݵ䣬вҲС
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߶Σ޼״ο˼䣬ˣóʥּԭǴԼģһӡ
Կ״ѣʥּ޷Ҳǽζڿ״ȥеǳˣԼ״һЩ
״ȫڵأʹ顣
ʵּ̫ξҲһϵ
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Щ̫Ȼ˵ʲô֪⼸һ϶໥̽
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˵ţǾϵ뿪ˡ
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Ȼ⼸ӰҲ֪һĿעǡ


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ʵڼǰѾʷְȨˣƳҲкܶʱ򣬲ʷְλʷةֱƹʷ̨
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֣С¬ʦ뺫ҲûʲôԻؼȥˡ
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СҰ͵͵ȥ¸̷ˣΪƭʱǳҴƭֽǶǷǳƽģ¸ǣܹһЩɾ͸УǲΪƽʧȥġ


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ͻȻ䣬̫ȥԪһˣĸҸСץץȸʲôģҲͦȤġ
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ѩһЦ治֪ߡ


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׷Ц䣬˶ߵһƬïܵĴǰ档
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֣һ㶣漴ͷǣסˡɫŹ֡
ԪգʵգҽԣΪѹûд
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մֵⶼνΪҵĻ㹻ջһǧɽһǻܴ
ԪĵţԴ󣿡
Цȷ֮ٸ㣿
š
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ֵȻĻбҪֹЩδչĺ
ԪĵӦˡ
һ㶣ЦôҪлЩ
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չ˽⣬˽⡣


489 ӭ
ʵԴӺ¥󣬾ѾκΪе׼ˣΪĳҪͷĻע˺ܶˡ
һǿеǿݣָľָ档
غ㶨ɣõԽ࣬ҲԤʾźܶʧȥ˺ܶ࣬޷ġ
ԪΪƵһҵ壬ȻҲУֻǺղ̫ԪΪУϾ벻ҪȡԪңҪ׬ܶܶǮҪΪƵһ̣ⲻ˫Ļǿȡһ˫Ӯľ棬ҲпֻһԸտʼʱ򻹺ãɵȵ𽥳ɳԪҲþͻݵŻŸԪĵһЩôԴ˱Լĳ⡣
ȻԪĵĻĳƺδﵽЧ
Ҳǿ룬Ầ£ʵҪĻҲֱӦԡ
෴ǳлԪĵΪԪĵûвսֽ߱ţȾ͸һкҲ׼
ȻڵĿ껹Ƿҹк񰲾棬û̫ĹȥעԪҡ
֮ǰЩǣڶҹл᲻ٵϾ֪һ֮ô䶯滹źܶĺģĵƺˣڶҹбȵһػҪһЩǿ˻ˣ˲٣ⶼΪһҹȡõĳɹտе棬˴ܵ˿֡
νʿ˫Ӯ
ںôǸҹ㣬һʼһֱڸ߳У䶯ĳ棬ҲǴһ¼ȵһظӺãΪܶ˶п޾棬һԷ֦ͷ˵ƽ̨˶Լĸˣܹһڶ졣
ܶĿһµĸʳڴǰ
ںҳʫδʣⶼΪγ˾ʫĻƳѾ浽˵Ƿ켫ĵزȥԽˣʴ˲ŻѡӴʷͻƣ˴γõ˷ǳشͻƣҲ˵ǵ˵Ƿ켫ĵزͿʼ·ˣʫʸ޷ԽΡ
Ϊĳ֣ҲˣΪʵΪǸģǳָʫһʫ˴˲ſǻ˼ڴ棬ôð˳һ㣬Ҳûϵĳ֣ƶʵĽ
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ӹʱڶҹҲȡ˿ǰĳɹ
˶룬ܹҹǸöð
Ȼкܶ幫Ӷûзجμˡ

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ӭһ߷壬ֻһȺȺŻĹӴŹǷƺƵûɵģ·ҲǶҡεģȻȷ׼ˣǶûǴӵģֻûгϾǿҪȥʹġ
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Ҳ񰲾ֿµĹãȥҲû˴ܵѵһ£ҲŪŪ
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Сôˣȥô
ҲСӸһɶϻٷ类Ϯһ£Ĺ
ȥҲãҸǺúýѵһЩӣҲٷ籨𡣡
̸ʱһ˸ߺΤ磬硭
СɰôҲҪ񰲾ô
ǵȻʼҾ죬ҿǵˡףΤ磬ҹû˯ô
ˣҹҴѾˣֱȥȾƣڼһᡣⶼǸ첻ãƫƫڽ죬ǿɶ񡣡
Сɣôȥͦоģѵûȥô
ҡôûȥֻҿͻȥ˯ˡ
ɺҡͷ˵
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һλӸ翿˹ȵҲһ㣬ʵÿ˼ˣûпǲ˹ˣδϸŤǽһ˰
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Ϊ̫̫ӣʴ˲ʹߣֻܳñţȥʹ档
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һϸļЩӸ׷״ҲƺԤеĴһ
Ǻܿ죬Ǿַ˾衣
ùؿ֮еһ·Ŀĵأ濴ȥһУø߸ߵľǽΧŵģıȵҪ⣬ҪһСģܾͻɥڴˡҲǽǹѩЩӸ綼ЩǵĿⶼſڣֻʮŮͳһķվǰԽȹǵµ͹Ե쾡¡
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ⲻ֪һǺմӺԱѧġ
ǰõĺգ˸߲ҵıݣЦӭ


490 ҫǽ
ʼѵӪռһٶĶ峯ʱﱾһУģƳ֮ͻķˣ׼٣ʱΪʼѵӪ
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һ׾˧ĹӸͻȻλСӣЩʲôģ
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ֵѵӪĲ߻ߣ޴ѵӪĸ죬ѵӪһдСͳӣ޷ΪѵӪɣѧԱѧϰˡ޾ѵӪУξЭ춽ѧԱѵ


̴һжʱƽܶ࣬ȻʵúѵӪĴȨǳ常Ӷ棬ж£ôҲһܶĳƺţ˼Ҷûв͸Ӳ˵ˡ
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һɽХĸߺ
ЦŵͷѵӪְ漴յͷ
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νǰûбĿģǸճģЩӸûʲôȤҲǱȽϵ͵Ļʵۣ԰²Ȥעصǽ
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ָŶ߹ߵһź첼߸ߵľǽǵľǽǱΪģҫǽʵǽΪѵӪѧԱģǰκιʴֻܽ汲ҫȥҫһȥͽʽΪѵӪһԱȵѧ֮ǻԽǵֹȥ滻ǳǵҫԤʾһִС
ȴǲǺάǼҫôУҾ͸ӣǾ档


491 ÷庫
˵Ǽȣ̫߸Ⱦˡ
Щ幫ҲǼѡ
ҫǽ
ǻʵġ
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˸ļһöӯ
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ξپҲǳĿڵһֻ۾ǱһȭϹġ
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ξ޼ŻЩʵڣҲö˵ʲô
һʼձ˳Щҫǽ㹻ʴһֽԼҫƸȥ̵ġ
վǰ濴ˣҲǼѡ

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صٳϣ̴ֻ塢ӡǵУͳҲǺϤӦ˽һ£ջˣ˹
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ʵ
աšһ
̴ͻȻ壬㲻ǣ
̱ȭְڴ˸ʹ
̴Լʵĵͷֵգ㣬ɵѵЩСӡ
ˡѵֵ
æ⻰˵̫ˣѵӪܶ죬ҺôĴ飬ѵԴ
㻹ǵÿ̴ںյĻشǳ⣬ҿǺæġ
ҪαһЩյҿɲܣ͵ȻҾȥ״
ǿɶñѹҡ̴ǡǿðɣðɣ㾭ǳķϣ⼸㿴ɡ
ң˭ʦ˭ͽô͹Թڱʦұݰɡ΢ЦлŶʱˣȥʳÿ˳㳢Ļʳ
ʼѵӪʳãǾȫȫպĹʳýģΣһмһģһģʽֻǲҪǮˡ
ȵʱѾΪЦϡ
ΪЩӸûйּûϹֹʳãһжǳȤôһԷ˵ȤѽԵҲǱˡ
ǴӲŽרô򷹴ڣȫǴ⣬õòˡ
̴գգۣۣⷹǲȾӪҪϲ١
ԲգһΪ㡪
ҵȻûôðЦǺǵһܵдܵҪô㣬Ǳ񡣡룬ʱеǣαؼһʱˡ
Цŵͷԭˡ
緹ЩѧԱֳȺӵš
ҲǣžˣصԼ˯ȥˡ
ǰϦ
ѧԺᡣ
ֻһȺվһǽǰ棬ָָ㣬Թϡ
Ϣʱϴ˯îʱ𴲣îʱһ̲ٳϣͣîʱ̣ѵʱɢϢһʱδʱϣѵʱ̽ɢϢһʱʱȥѧѧϰɷ֪ʶĸ쵰ŵģһ쵽ѵò˻
ǰ
Ǻǡ
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Τֱ˹ϢǽϸǸʲôӶôҺۣҲ䣬ģǲˣ
Τ˵ĶԣǷôߣ˿ȥ
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ҵʱҪѲ飬ͽ˿˸ˡ
飬ߡ

Ǳ߽ŵĹӸҲΧһ
һӾ˵ѵ˭ܵˣҲˡ
˵Щаš
һԻתţҽ㳣ңµı󶯣ȿΤǿ϶ģǳɹˣǾ͸ˣǲɣԲߣմҶ˯
ĻΤǻƲǵġ
㶮ʲôҽǰң֪֪ˣܰսڵδ֮ǰñȥǶںɣǴ˸øɵ£ҽģһ׼û
ҾĻͦеģ½ı£ǿɶģжĶ֡
ǣʲôӶҽ°ܽ
УǾġ


492 мƻ֯ı
յ糿ģţƿſ
䰡
һСӰһţɵõһ¡
ۣôô䡪ιСɣˡ
ӴҶ۰ˣҵȥéˡ
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⣬վֱ壬һ£ĵ˿ƻˣ˵Ϣ滹ʲôıƣȶȥéһиʲôҾ˵éû˻˵ˣһûеĻҾͼ˯
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ѣ
ܶʱͻȻ˼ٵ
һ߹һ
쵰˭ڴҹģ˯ˡ
ֱģЩͣ£Ȼɱǡ
˰

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в˸ˣˡ
ƾθߺŶǽյģûһ俪š
Τ磬磬ˡ
һڷɫʮͷС̺
˯̵ΤҪ𣬱ϹҾǲҿô졣
˯ѧмһۣ漴˯˹ȥ
ڵԺǳ̴һѲ䣬ǰ̴ѡ񰲾֣ţ񰲾ֹнߣãҾСֺǳͷصĺƽ̨Τ˲һǷǳϧᣬȴ֮أȥĻôǲȥĻпʧȥᡣ
ڴϴһĬĬµô
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ͣһ£ϴþ߾ͳȥˡ
һţΤ۵ƽƽһûУѹֵôãһСඡ
ΤǱȽϣǲ𡣡
⵹Ҳǡôûˡ
Ҿ˵ǲӣ˯ɣ˯ɡ

ðΣֻһĽŲ
ֻһʿǰһš
ּ˽ǰǺա̴£壬ѵӪͷ
̴һߵȺӣ޷졣
Ц̶ҲͱԷƱˣʱɱҪˡ
̴Ҳס˵֣СǰܷҼӡ
Сշ˷ۣ͵͵һСʵΤסǼ䷿
Сָһ䷿
С˵˼䡣
ͷȻת뿪ˡ
̴գô죿
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ûκλӦ
պһͷһ
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մ˽ȥ˶ڱ棬漴һڳ˶ʧɫĶˮͳΤϵȥ
һ
˵̴ˣĳӡ¶ôľ
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̴һ̣ʱñԼǰ̫ʴˡ
ˮǺԥôȻֹĹûУȻҧ˵Ĺ¶ݡ

һԤƵĲҽֻΤ͵شӴϵ
飡
ԴײϴĴϡ
Ӵ
Τײ߻أĺವĴһ£Ȼһ裬ﻹ֪ʲôˣצĳź˹ȥ㡪ɱ
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ֻһִֻӰнΤ˳ƽǽϣûнιȥˡ
СţˣҵֶΣոͲΤĿˣֻѧˬڴϣ˫ֽץű죬ɪɪ˫Ŀ͸Ŀ־塣
壿ߣ
һۣת˳ȥ˭Ҫ𴲵Ļֱˮѣһû˵ٳϣǾͽˮԼá
һʿ
ЩɶǻʹοʥּӺյ˵ϴôˣǻʲô
ʱ䣬洫һ֮
Ը꣬ų̴˵̽ү롣
ͬʱһ
̴﷢һգСԭôݡ
¶һĵЦݣѾܾˣⶼ֯мƻġ
öɵˣ̫յ˵Ļˡ
ֵ롣
ֳȥ
һӰڽ棬עźǵ뿪Ĩź벻ԭôݶҿҴ硣
ܿ죬мŴЩ˶룬ȣΪһһ濡εˡ
ҿãȻĻģһˮǿйܵġ
Ǻԭôݣģǰզûз֡
ڸô죿ȥǶסˡ
ЩһеϢòȤֻһͷӻϡһˡߣȥٳϣҵҪʲô¡
һ¶һĨа΢Ц㡣

ٳϣ
紵ΨЩ䣬˴˫ۡ
ɵע塣
֪ʱӴóһڳϡ
Цŵͷ
̴һۺգһۣƵǺգ
һ˦һ˿˼ڶָ䡣
̴һ㶣ɽô̫㰡
üɫѹ̫ˣǲ֪ķǳ֮ȡ궯Ҽ˵һֱ̬

̴ͳһĺ䣡
ջ˾ı飬ǺЦ
ͻȻǺգһǲϴȥˣǿô죿
պǺǵⶼû湻˭Ҳߡ
΢΢üԴһЩźա
յĺ̫ˣﶼЩë
˰㹤򣬾ͼһ˴Ǳֻôͳ̴񣬶붼ѡӣվڲٳм䣬źա
Ҳǣֻ۱ϵ㡣
ԭպúչһĳ̴Ѿոɵˣμ䣬Ѿȡ˾ԵƿȨܶ첻һͰˡ
һ˲ˣҲһ뺫յľ룬ҪҲŵˣϾ˭Ҳӳˮ衣
̫Ӹûꡣ
һֻΤͷɢĲĳָźմĸӸӵţƤӾ͸ա
һ˵һ߳ŴǱȥҲ˲ó̴ͳˣϾΤҲǲٵġ
ô죿
ΪѵҲ֪ҿɲա
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ţҿš
Τվſڴš
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Τʲô
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Τһ㶣ǻʹݲڴҰ룬ģȳȥ˵תźǱȥ
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Τ̴
̴Ƴۺա
Ц˵ǲ׼ȥģ˳˵ǳɵģ㡪
÷ϻ
ΤҧгݵֻҪܹҳȥС
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յȡҫƣͱʾʽ˳ˡ
Τһﲻ̳ҫǽǱȥֻȥ״һҪŪա
΢΢һЦ˹ȥ߱߳Ųٳϵ˵Ҳѧϰһ°ɣǺܿõˡŶˣǱҪġ
Щ˻£Ҳ̫嶯ﶼ̵ģΤ˳ȥˣҲ׷׳ҫǽǱȥ
ȴҶҫǽǰ档
λѧԱΤϣνǹеһʿ壬Ժգǳյľ
һ㶣ôתۼ䣬ƨˡ
ղ˴ұĵĿ⣬˵˵νΤϣҫھΤϵ뿪ΪҫǽźǱΪׯصͱһĿׯصĿ;Τ뿪ĿҲҫǽΪߵǡ
Ŀ
ҽһ㶡
˽ӵݸΤ֡
䣬
̴ŵһתĿһǺʱһʦ
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ȺкȻ˷һЦ
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ŭĿһɣ漴泯ҫǽԴ΢΢ϣȭ٣ָͷһ䲻׼ȷĵľû취ûжˣƻѧУ͵ѧģ񡣡
ЩѧԱ󿴿ҿЩơ
ͻȻѧźվȭͷҲȭͷ̴ͻȻҲӦȭͷ͸һ˿Цһ̫ˡ
ҼǶôʱŲɣ׷ѧĿžΤϵǿҫơ
ΤԿʼˡ
ɫ
Τ˫ŲӣŴңԽԽһɱ׳ҫǽ棬·ȡҫƣ͵ĨȥΤϵҫ˫ֽգŭڽ˽ս
С㻹̫ˡаЦȴΤȡˡ
Τ͵һգٿȻԼҫƣȴʮ

һ˺ֻȺ߳һṫ죬ΤֻھΤеңȫΤϣ븱עԼԴǡ
ΤԣǾΤ϶칫
ϻб𣡺һǸǱǸһעԼĴǡ
ΤңߵĿ񡣡
Τ𾪵Τԡ
Τȴǲȥ˻صȺȥˡ
˵Ŀİ֣ҫ
£Լ汲ҫӻʵҫǽϸȡζʲô
ȥҫ

ΤͻȻץĴһ͵һˤ
̴ǼʶյֶΣҪ˸Ʒ衣


493 Ÿոտʼ
ϧĵȻԼҫҲĶΤٻ쵰ҲžǼйӵܵ棬汲ҫȥȡ

Ļô˵ֱסˡ
ڼҫ͸ӣѡ˼ҫȴ޷ʵǵô˵档
ˣ
Τֻѣ˫ĿѪڳһĶֵϣܹ衣
һǺúݰ
ȹԱһУëȻɱ»ҪһЩ
Ψ˸Ц⣬ǾϻŸոտʼ㵵Τӣʲô˼
Τ˫Ŀŭźգ·Ҫ˺˲ɡ
һΤϽΪڵǴҳ緹ʱ
ɺƵ죬ʲô˼
ЦǱϵ˼ǳ緹ʱʱһʳþͻţŶʳǻʹаģǵƿأֻᰴʱźͿţԡ
ξ޼ŵǹʱ緹ûóˡ
յͷ
ͻȻҲûóԡ
Цò㵣ģǱģǵĻʳŷֱӸʱԳԡ
µδҲ̫ƽˡ
պǺǵǳƽǸѵǵģ˵ΪǷ񣬵ȻҪһЩ
ͻȻҪڸȥ緹ͱˡ
ৣ
˵ĿⶼΤϡ
ΤֻɽѽŭһӾ͸îˣӲˡ
Լӣ治һǵѡ񡣺յȷ
Τߵһ㲻ɡ
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˲䣬ٳϾͱÿյˡ
ǡǸգܷҵҫƸȡ
̴˵⡪ҫǽֲ̫ˡ
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յûôŰɡ
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üŸոտʼҶûѽǷܳܵס˵ǡ
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µҪͰԷ˵⻰ʱپһġ
˼ܱסĻǾһˮͰ
ס¶ʱԶԡ
ЦҲȥ緹ɡ


ʳ档
ۣɶ⣬ǲǸ˳Եġ
ֱģͼͷǣд
ˣˡЩɶǸ˳Եġ

ͷһ࣬һЩˣǵ͡
յĴֱ֮
ȻЩǼǶǸ˳Եģʲôˣⲻļһﰡ
ЩӸǶʱˬˣʼʳ壬Щֱӽˤڵ¡
ʱһƨƨߵ˹Цλӣôⷹ˲θô
ʲôˣ
ͬǹʳõġ
ŶЩŪǵġ
һһͷ
ͬǸǸͲôǮǣǱʡãȻĻ˺棬ǮˣҾ͵ԸǮˡ
ٷϻǻʹһԵĶûС
λžˡֻշԸ£ǳԲԣҿɹܲţҾǰʱŷ
ͬ˵ͻȻһ˵СЩͷ𣬿ɱ˷ˣ²á
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ξ޼ŵʲô˼
ŶģصطԸϽ˷ѣǵϵ׷Ƕûȥ²ͷš
λԵá
ǻᴦɾģλġ
ⶼڵˣôġ
ͻȻ˭˭԰
Щˤӵļһʱջһ
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˼ˣϽѧ
֣Ҳˣô졣
ɽʿĹӸҲ֪ôˡ
˾çΪǼۣ֮ͬԣ
ɽʿΪĻ̵ĹϵԭͳԵıȽ嵭һЩЩʱһþ⣬ǶԣȻǺһ㣬ҲþͳԲãؼñ־ӷ緶
ʮ˾Ͳ˵ˣɱȾеĻʳҪõö࣬ԵıˣЩ˻ֱӴЩûж潫ͷùԡ
ͬǰһƬǽ壬ʱϲ˽ʰһ£ٵ㷹
Ƕġ
ɽʿĹӸֻһġ

ȻʳΨһһ棬˫۾͵͵ע
գһЩһĲԲȣǿô죿
Եǵ
ճζĸ㣬үͱµˣҸ㱣֤õȵʱǾҪὫЩڵϵͷȫҳˡ
Ƕġ
̴һӡ
ղ⡣
̴Īһ
ղûЦһֻۣǴűӣ⻹˼˵ȻҶԳ̴ô
ͻȻգҫǽȻʹһǳȱݣһߣĿɾͷӲˡ
ЩɽʿĹӸǣЦǺǵɷģġ


494 Եķ
һ֮ȴǵ֮
ջ⣬Ů飬ձͷˣʵ̫ˡ
ܶ๫Ӹ綼һϵĸоҲԽܡ
޼ţ̫۸ˣǴȥˡ
վڲٳϳξ޼ŵ
ܱ߲ٹӸҲ׷׷ŭѣҪ뿪
ξ޼ŸүүһӣҲĿ̫ˣҪǴȥǼҵӿɾͶˡ
һתһȡĻ˭йĿ񡣡
ξ޼ŵѽĻǾûĿˡ˵һ㶣ŶˣҪҶͬС
һӸ͵ҿҲЩԸȥɽ˿϶ҲԸˣǷŹЩ˵Ŀ⡣
ˡ
޼ţȥ˵˵ɡҪҲԸĻǾһߡ
С
ξ޼ڵ˳˹ȥ

ɶ
⺫հŪǣǷżȥôЩ˽ҪˣʼҾ첻ҲգҪһˡ
ЩûϢļһ֪ߡҡͷɲУҿܲĿǿҽ֣Ҫҽ֪ǵýҸɱ˲ɡ
ڼͿѽҪǶߵĻ˭Ŀ񣬾úһȥɡ
ҡͷҲߡ
ΪΣ
ھȵѵﱻŪô
һŸոտʼ˭Ū˭֪ˣô󣬻û¹˭ҪˣǱ˻˵ҺºգҪס
ξ޼üֻЩ̡
཭ӵܼգ׷׸֮ԡ
ӵܶʱ޹⡣
ʱһȺˣɽӵܡ
ΪһЦվʲôҺ˵Ҫ뿪
д壬ϡ
˭˵Ҫ뿪ˣҪ뺫շ㵽ס
Ҳд⣬ǾͿ˭ȼֲס
һҡ
˲ӵǡ
ʱһС˹Ϊһ湫ӣȻǲЩʲô
ٹӣٷ磬һ˫Ŀ͵
Цʲôӷ㡣
ٷãǾͶ֮裬˭ȼֲסʹӶԷĿȥ
ںɺƵС磬ĵδҲ̫Щɡ
ٷǶĲνô
ʲôҵģһԡ
׷
벻Լһ䣬Ūɳ׾ξ޼ŵ޼ţǻ
ξ޼һ۵ȥ˵߸ƨҪˣˡ
ʵҲǵһӰΪʲôĵĹ֮죬ڶһǳؼԸ⣬Ļ𣬵¹֮ʱݻսʵԶκһֱ峯ĩڵսЩģǰգΨһһũ壬ǳ˶档
Ȼʤߣǹй塣
ͬЭ
һա̴˲ٳϡ
գá
ξ޼˹ȥ
æϣܹҸ죬ʦصĵӦѧɡȻһҪôеĻҲνǵɣҲȨǡ
㡪
ξ޼ŭ죬ʷ緹ô£Ǹ˳Եô
˫һţżûã˵ˣʳõһУҹܣŶ˷ѵ⣬Ҫģǵ緹ʱѾˣѵʱʲô⣬ѵ˵߼ϰɡ
˵;ֱߵٳ롣
ЩӸǺһ׷վ
ֻЩ˹ȥԾмźöӣϾ̴ҲǿɶǾгˣжӻǻġ
ЩӸǣҪô뿪Ҫô͹Ŷӣ߶ѡĻǾȥշŰɣǿڣʲô͸ʲô
ƴĵطܸʲô̴ĬĬ뵽
˹ȥĹӸҲ˹ȥٷҲ˹ȥСɽӷ׷׶˹ȥŶӣձվţ϶Թ
Ц֪ڿ϶ܺң˵޲ûϵɲͽǵģѵǵġҵһ䣬ǧҪĻҾͻǽգǿԡ
ûϾΤŶѾԹˡ
ռ֣˵һ飬ǿ˳ⷽ棬ǷǳŵģֻҪҾͻӦ
ٷͻȻЦŶˣô޷ǾԶ˳Ͼ͢ûиô
ЦӶϵӵܣô
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ƽʱ̫˵ʵƢǺܱģϾµĵܵܣĿȾƢѺõЩӸǿûһģΪǵĶѾѾĿ޵衣Ҫǿڳ̴ķϣͿˣ˵ôϻ
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볤︸Ӿ͸ԻȥľͰ裬ա¬ʦԡ̴ȥϴá
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ξ޼ŵ죬⹫Ϊûרϴ·ˣǿɶϴ·ңÿѵôˣϴ·δ̫Ϊˡ
۲٣ϴ·ܹôҪǲʺĻƮȥˡյǵҸճɻʱ򣬼ĺܣǽŰһ·ɷʹһأˣ֪ΪλôǱҼǸҲᣬҲӲϴƵģԺҲҼҵ·ˣÿ׬Ǯصһϴ·Ҽһæﲻϡ
ξ޼ãȻ˵ЩʲôֻЩ˰ϴ·
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յͷģһرעһµġ
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ϣ·զôϴôϴҲϴɾ
ҶҪˡ
ҵֶˡ
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̴Ŀһֻˮ۱վˣǴ׶㣬˺ѷΣͲûͷȥײǽˣ׵ǣһЩߵɽӵܣȻϴ·չ˼ҵ磬·ϴ
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ʵڿγ̱дˣΪȫȷʴ˻ֱձ֮տγ̱д
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ʵô̲ˣֻýЩʿӵҪһЩЩӸԼĸĸѧʶԨ֮ˣǿѧϰĻҲҪ̣ѧϰĻ˭Ҳûá

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¬ʦЦҶԴ˿Ƿǳڴ


498 ֮
ڵҹĻ١
һյѵϴһ·ѧԱѾſˣֻľƣֻһ߯ҲˣҲδ˼Լůıѣֻֽú˯һѵδ˽ΪϻϿΡ
ʵڲ߻ʼѵӪʱվѾҵ˻ʼѵӪصѵĿΪǷǳע˼Ľ˵ԼڡԷӡĿںţڲϵУΪáԷӡȻ񰲾ֵתͬʱҲ޷ı׶ˣǾһᡣ
ΪһζĹ䡰Էӡ˼룬ֻһЩд֮лɳˣʴΪԷǽĳһϣǻʼҾҪǷǵ
Ҳ˵Էӡһ򵥵ĿںţҪһ֮ϣҪŬʸ񺰳ں
ôҵǱزٵģʴڵһվͿʼѧԱڿˣûдǴϢĻᡣ
ϿεĵصѵӪıߵһŴڡ
ʮ࣬ÿʮҡ
٣ѧõͦϡģԡһ
ǰǰôһľ塣Ǹɶõġ
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ָĽҺֻİ֪ѧ˴һһųһųʣ¥ĸЩƣ滹һľ塣
˵һǺŪġ
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Ƕǳ棬ͷܹ飬ǼֱĪ˰
ΪѧһЩʿȷʵûɶĻʴ˺ܶʱٳǵЩӸǶЦѣ嶣ûЧҲͷˡ
һǾ;ɺȥǼҿ˿Ψһ𣬾ǻһȺ˶ѣǺĳЦ˼䡣
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յҲ̵ֻܹˣϾҲǹϵš

˻һڶʱЦˣȻǳЦ
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ΣҧҰյ˵ôɣб㵹Ҳһ԰
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Цܹ˵ô׼Ĵ𰸣ҶЩĿ࿴ŶΪ滹üһʡ
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յǻɵ̬ȣûлɣûѧʣסˣ˵ġѵΪʥ֮ԣһȷ𣿡
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յ㣬ƾʲô˵ǶԵģ
һ㶣ÿ˶ôΪģҪǴ©ٳǿɾͳƲʥˣȻʥˣ˵ĵȻǶԵġ
˵ʲôÿ˶ôΪģҾͲôΪġ
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Ҳδ˵ʥ֮Ǵģֻ˵ʥ֮δؾǶԵģűϵ𡣡һЦתľдһ仰
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¬ô˵ģ˾ԭΪʫ񣬳֡ʹ֮ʹ֪֮Ļ㷽˵˼ǻһֶ˼Ȼ෴ʫ񣬳֡ɡʹ֮ɡʹ֪֮ô˼ǣʫ֣ÿ˶Ҫѧģ֮ˣΪ֮ߣ̻ǡʥŵн˼룬ıϡ
һƣװƵ̨ѽ㶼˵ˣ˵ɶģҪǿ¬ʦԵϣҷǵȥɨéϻбȵװƸ޳ܵΪô


499 е
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ͬһ仧ΪϾĲֽͬȻͬ෴˼
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ڶŽ˼롣
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ͷҼǲ̫ˡ
¬Ƶˣ֮Իᵽ£Ϊ㣬㲻϶飬Ż˵ģҴ綼ڡ
գգۣ˼Ƭ̣һε˵ҽ㣬ҵǼ٣˵ôһҲȵЩࡣ
һЦǲ֮ԣɿɵ档
¬ҲҪͷǵǵģմȷ˲٣Լ˵ˣⲻһֽͣÿʥ˾˼
ðԵͷ벻ϾȻˡˣˣҷ۵Щƫˣ֮Ҳã֮ҲգؼǴ״̬һͣǷȷ
̵⵱Ȼʥ֮ԣϿɴδ
ٷЦҲô˵Ҳûн֪ʥ˵ʱôġ
ⶼִʱûбţϾôһдʥôˣ˭֪Ǹʲô˼
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Ƶ֮⻰ʲô˼أ
ҡͷôΪĶǶԲҪҪȥģʵʥ֮ԣͺñһѵвˡɱС壬ıƺɱӶᣬʲôǳģνģжԴ
ڵдʥ֮ԣıƺأ
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Цֻ˵ǰ䣬Ǳ˶Ϊʥ֮ԣ˼Ҳ˵һκ¶ֹһ棬ÿ˶ÿµĿȫͬͺñΪһվǱΪҿԣǱ¶ԣǶأ
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һЦʥԵʩˣ⻰⣬㲻뱻裬ǵˣһһ֮ˣӦòͰɣǵĻҰ磬Ҳ͡ǾҴˣʥ֮ԣͲɾҲΪǶԵģӦƽԡҵ赱УǷ߷߲ƽǣǶԣǴ
һ̣֪Ϊʲôɳںǰܴ죬ȷʵ̫˵ˣǴ𣬶Ǵġ
ɫһ䣬Щһʥ飬ʥԣ˵ȴǹƨͨˣǾӦ㣬Ǿ񹲷ߣǸɴȥʥ˵ˣʲôˣдҵۣб˵ʥ˵öǹƨҾͳϷ˵Ķǹƨ
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շʵΪҪԺҿûе

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Цô˵ˣνģҵĿϣǾܳԡ
ͻȻ⻰Ȼԡ
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ҽ㰡

ҽ˫ȫǿ˶Ҫǿ˭ҪҽС˷ŵһ飬ҶĲ
㻹Ҳհֹһ䣬治ԣһ¶֪ɳʲôһ˵ܺãܺãб˵ô˵ɣ仰ʲô˼أɣô˾û֪仰˼
ξ޼ŵɶ֪ģⲻϵ˼ôŮ˾͸Сһ
ڸϽֻǰ䣬аǽ֮ѷԶ֮Թ˼ǣֻŮ˺Сദˡ˻ῴ㲻˳ۣԶֻԹ㡣
cʵ⻰еˣŮ˾ˣڼҵĻܵԹ㼸䣬㲻ڼҰɣֹ㳣ڼңǺ˷ա
ͷʾͬ
ҲЦˣc˵üеҲидҲ˵ǶΪ仰ǶԵģ
ͷûпڣµͷ
ͻȻҶ٣ſʥ˷ǳТ֪Ƿ񣿡
ٷ⻹˵ôТΪȡ
˵úã
յҲ˵ƽʱӦТ˳ĸ԰ɡ
Ȼˡ
ĸеĸ㲻Ůأ

๫ȻΨξ޼ŻֵⲻǷϻĸ׵ȻŮѽ
յҾˣʥ˵ΨŮСҲĸŮˣ֮˵ĸ׾͸СһҲҺûж飬Ҳ˵Լĸ׸СһӦòТɣôʥһ˵ԼĸһСˣһҪТ£ең˭ܰ󣿡


500 
㶼˵ֵزˣ˭Ұ
ڶѽ
һƬž
ЦƽʱǺܳǳˣôֲ˵ˡ
һЦѧʶǳ񸱶һʥ֮ԡ
飿
յ֪
һ㶣ǿн˵Ϊʥ˴أ
ҿûô˵
յʼգҴδ˵һÿʥ˵ģֻһ۵㣬ûɵ̬ȥ飬һԣһ۵㣬һ
ٷǲ֪һ仰أ
ҵЩ
̿ʽ仰Ȧϣ֮仰һǴġ
һƬȻ
Ѿʼνˡ
֪ջһתֵǿʥδؾʹˡ
ξ޼ãȻ㾿Ǹʲô˼ǶԣǴġ
յҵ˼ܼ򵥣Ҿſʥ˲ܻŮˣΪǷǳТ˳ĸףⶼмصģĸ׾Ůˣ˵ͨѽһƳТһĸףôܣҲ²⣬ҪôŮǷָĳһŮˣΪŮҲкûģ˵ŮеСˡ
ǿʥ˵һҲûҿҲδأΪ仰̫ˣϽǣ޹ŮˣΪһ˼ңǲӦ÷Ĵ󡣵ǻ˵ʥڵʱҲû뵽ԼᱻƳΪʥˣû뵽һ仰ᱻǷΪԣʥĻһὫ仰Ƶġ
ľЩ仰ȥŮ˵ˣЩҲ룬ԼŮģǹı׼˵ŮΪŮΪôС˵ŮӦҲСˣǹ޳仰ôǾСˡ˵仰϶ˣǲǿʥ˵ĴֻһԭԵĻһʱ̣ڱζˡ
£ԴԲһ仰ǸԲˣϾ˭ġ
ǰΣͻȻЦЦľɵҲ
ξ޼ŵǶû˵ػǡ
Ҫǰǿ϶ᱩףǽʵǱ̫ˣѾľˡ
յΪҴǵֻǿ˲м˲ˬȴûпһ˿ɫѵΪ˵ЩֻΪʾԼѧʶжôԨôѵΪ˵ЩֻΪʥô
ߵѵô
˵أ
յΪҵģûºǳЩ⣬ѵǳΪһʼҾ죬ʥ˵ĶʼҾиƨĹϵҪѧЩؼȥѧѧô
Ҳŭˣ죬ʲô˵ģֲ˵ģǵһҡ
յ˵ôֻ࣬װƣŶҵ˼ֻǾ԰ڣûӣͲ˼˵Щ𣿡
ξ޼ûˣãԼ˵ǰһɶ˼
ɵ̬ȣ
ʹ˼ľ壬㻹˵ӣҶ˵ôôסҵ˼ÿʼҾ춼Ӧþлɵ̬ȡʼҾǣųյȫһʼҾֻűϵĶֻ꣬ǾǰյѡҾһ䣬ʥ˸ǣɱˣŻǲţ
Ҳţ˵Ҿš
ոɴǺãҸıһ˵ʥ˵ɱˣŻǲţ
ɵˣôװ
յı飬ʼҾûô򵥣ΪʼҾһһһһΣ˺ˣǽϵɫɫٺܶõļûʥ˵˼룬ôǾͲ䵱һʼҾ죬ʥ˵Ļûдǵÿʲôطʲô˵ʲô˵ģЩǷǳؼģǲֻ仰˼ͺñһѲ˵ڰϣͽ˵˵ɱأ
غǵʦпƭ㣬ǵˣҲʥ֮ƭǣǵԴȫյģ˼ģǰʲôʽʦһ䣬һ䣬û˼ʦ˵ľǲǶԵģ
˵Ҳˣ
Ȼԡ
ǰ˵ǾԷӡ
԰
յͷûвҵûйϵǶǳˣҪңԣóһǳԸܣΪŻһζҵģԶȡýǾͿԶҷɣֻҪǺɣҾԽܡ
ϴ·
ξ޼̵Ϊʲô㲻˰ϴ·

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ξ޼ŵǲϴ
յ㲻ѧѽɣξ޼ţֻҪȥֵĵطԼԶѧϴ·ҾͰ˰ϴΣ
ξ޼Ų˵ˡ
ɺƵʳóԵδ̫˵㣬ͷˣһҲóԡ
ٹֵͷ
Ц˵ҲܵģǳԲ߳ԻӣǿңûеĻǾͲҪ˵ˡ
˵Ҳǵкܶ㣬Ƕ֮ǰΪ쾹Ȼǣǹ˽𡣡
յǸңҸô˵ȦѣһûɣεһƬһǿҴʿȥҲûôҰɡиӣѵһգֻŪһʱ治֪ѵǣѵҡ
Ҫ˵ҽ˵Ļɣȴ֮⣬Ҳϣǽʵ˵Ĳʵˣ֮Դ֮⣬ǵΪʵ˷˼ñ˵и˷˴СʱԴջˣٸҪͷҿ϶ʵԸ棬˵ջˣɵҪһƽϣԴӿɵջˣ֮ԣûֻǾʵԸ棬Ҳˣҵ˼𣿡
ɺûôף㲻Ǵô
˷׷ŭźգ֪Ͳô˵ˣºˣֱװһ١
һǵô˵ô
յãվλǽյı֣ѧϰһ£ҵĿãҪʲô𱰣һ˵ˣǽ˵ҲһǶԵģ˵˵
룬찡ܸȦεô࣬硣ֻ˵Ϊ죬Ӧԣƫȫҿûзô˵ңҹƽô
յҲûе
Ե
壬ʲô˼ΪԼ𣿡
ٱǿ
ߣиô治֪ʲôɽġ
ô򵥵¶ãҶе
㡪
ͻȻվˣˣұˣڵһ¶ǰ
Ƶһ¶⣬𣿡
ٺһЦûУûУⲻȰȰô
СӻбѾˣѾŭˡаЦȴˣˣҵĿۣǶǾģҪоӷ緶ǻع鵽
ৣ
ת̿ʣľд˼֡
ɺգ󵨼裬С֤
󵨼裬С֤
յǻʼҾľ츳˼룬˼ģ¶දԽȥ룬κһ£κһ仰ֻҪûеõ֤ǶֵûɵģڣԺҵĿãҪңľͷƵãЩһľͷˣȥú÷˼һ£ôãһ仰˵ǲֵģѧϰġ塢ξ޼šɺơǱֵķǳãΪͶˣ˼񰲾ҪľĻʼҾ졣
˶٣ɣȥÿ˶дһƪһõĸǴѧʲô⣬Ϊʹ֮ʹ֪֮͡ΪŮ˺СҲ仰ʲô˼罻ûн̵ˣ͸ɨҰɣ㲻Ը⶯ԣǾͶְɡ𣿡
˴𻰡
ĿһɨɣʣϾڽҾҲӦддԼһÿεĸ򡣡
˵ţľдһȥѧԱʱ㵲ѡ
ῴɷ壬Զߵ͸ͬʶ®ɽĿֻԵڴɽС
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⡪򣬼ֱǱﰡ
ҲֻŲ˷ѵʸ
˵ĺǷһ졣
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𾪵ҪҲ
¶һ𾪵ı飬ѵҲ
ǵȻ˭д˭
յҪףΪ˭дΪǣѧô࣬ѵӦдǲģÿ˶ҪģһһֻǴ㿪ʼŶҲģʲôʱ꣬ʲôʱ뿪
˵ţһתʱŵˣʲô
ֻվźѹѹһƬˣǰźŶˣߵĴϣˡ


501 ҿɲȡ
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Ⱥ쵰һҲҲţӻײ͵ǣҪȺ쵰ˣӻǰһˡհЦ¬ʦԵѯʵôأ
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Ծȵ˵Ѿأ
¬ʦԵһֻ۵̫Ͷˣûз֡˵ģǰҲϹѧδĸѧܹˣߡߡ˵߶רġ
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µʦص˼룬ǲ
Цλô˵ȥ޵ˣʵ֮ԻᷢҪΪҵѧʶǳֻôȥ̣Ҫһȥ̣ҾڿԴҲ첻
¬ʦЦͱԷƱˣһÿΣҵҲǳ󵨼裬С֤ҿһ仰Ͳʥ֮Բ
յںҰ
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תۼ䣬ʣºա¬ʦԺͶˡ
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µСͿᰮ飬ƹ࣬νǲȺ飬ǳһŷʥ֮ԣδйɣ뷽һÿ󣬹ʴ˲Żˡ
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¬ʦԵ˵ף
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¬ʦԵļʶԶȷڲֻͬϧЩʶܵõ˵ͬ෴һķӡ
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¬ʦһ˵㷽˵ġʹ֮ʹ֪֮Ҳ˵仰ʲô˼˶飬Щʿ廹㣬Ϊ٣ʴ˶˲Ż˾Щʿܻüߵ
µ뺫СҲ֪ԭɡ
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¬ʦҲԵǵǰС磬ôܻ·ǳصĺ
ЦΪλⷬǣŵһֱղðʼռţܻ˵һģң㣬벻ʲôأ
¬ʦһѵľһ㶼ɲС£
շʵ¬ڷԼʱҲ޾𡣡
¬ʦҡͷԳЦҪǲµĻͲ볤ˣڶ˵ľˡ
պٺٵҲþȡѽ
¬ʦԺͶһۣĬһЦҲٹˡ


ɥǡŭճѧԺ档
һվеĴ󲿷ˣһΪܵһա
˵յѵóģǻɰοԼôڿΣǿɾҲ޷ӱˡ
Ҫ֪ʥ֮ԾĻä̸ʿ塣
ȻյһۣǶԼŲɵĻ˻ɣûб˵ˡ
ôܣôܣôܹһ˵ƿԡ
ٷϣ˫Ŀעŵ棬š
塢ڵ˶ǳĬ˫Ŀŭ
޷ܵģ˵һ㲻ǣҲʮңǴ˶٣Һջûжʲô飬ٵǣǶԼ޷дһƪʫĸһ޷ˡʧܡ
벻ͨ
ôҲ벻ͨ
ԸһжΣجΣҲܹȻܡ
Ӵˡ
ʱһˣ˭
ξ޼ŵ㲻ỹľ˰ɡ
ûȻأ˽ʿң㲻ҲòżųЦңϾͻֵˡ
ξ޼źһξ޼ţЩЩʿǵĸĸܶүүĲ£ǸҶôһͲˣҺΡ
ЦûмǴĻҲ˵ϴ·ġ
ξ޼ֻշ̣ǡ·ǴϵģҲϴԼľҺθɣҸ㣬Ҿġ
ˣڻ˵ЩôѾﵽͷˣǼǶˡ
ٷǱ취ԸһҪǵֶΣʿɱ衣
ξ޼һǸɴཫ˴һ٣һһ٣Ҳɶµġ
Ű۵֪һֱߵ˭ôǿɱߵлһϣҲĶ֣˵ܱôʿȥҲһǵĻᡣ
ͻȻֶǿɶ֪ģҪæԸ
˫ĿһɵڣҪ˵ݹҶ㲻ҽʲôˣȥԸһⲻҽô
ڵѵǾôô۸Ļɻؼȥ
ЦһȻܾôˣѵӪұҲϡҼҪߣҲȽϳȥ
ξ޼ŵѵа취
ߵԴⲻ֪Ѿ´ɣⱼգǵſˣһʳġ
ƲƲ죬һмı飬ϴȥŹǷǸ˯ˣˡ


һڡ
ϣˣ֪ҾͲˡ
츻ſڴϣ
ڱϵһ˵ɲôڶˣҪǹƨĿͻȥˣǻ
һڱҲȥˡ
츻ͻȻ˵Сɣ˯û

Ҽǵ⺫ǰҵˣ
ʲôˣſͺòɺŭ
һ˵Сɣզ˵ռȻǴҳģӦɶԴ㣬Ͻȥ˵˵ҲҪˣÿٶԣҪϴ·Ȧˡ
츻ҲǣСɣֵܵɾȫˡ
ɺ룬ǵҲôǺտ϶ӦģУǸʵĻǿ϶ᳰЦҵġһתߵҲ¸ǣʱ򣬺վ˵Ҫչңñҵ֪֮Ըܾˡ
츻µΪʲôҪܾ
ɺŭ⻹ҵǶ֪ҵˣЩˣʱ;ңȥҺգȻĻͽȥҶҶܽңҿɲ뿪ֻܾܾյĺ⣬˵ˣ˵ˣԽ˵Խ
ǲ˵
ʱһͷ
츻˷׷ײҽһǼͶȽСʴ˿ѹ̫УѾٱıԵˡ
ɺڱ棬ǲٹʣ˿￪ʼֹҪǺҽǸöð


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컹ֻʱ
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ʱ䣬ٵ춯ء
찡
ˡ

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ҿҪˣ

ʱִԹ֮
һգľƣʱ˯ˣʱ˳ѣǷǳҪģЩֱͷȥײ壬޵Ҫ
һֶ˼ַӣɱѣҲԸˮѡ
ǼԸĴӱǶ쳣ĻЩڴϷ
ˣ
һϤĽŲ
ŲѧԱĶ̱Ѹ룬϶ˮġ
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ôõô𣿡
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׼ȥϴʱſڵʿͻȻǹסſڡ
ŵһ漴ŭǸʲô
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ʱĻ̡̻
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ͻȻǰһλҪ£ڸλܹ׼ʱ𴲣οҽյ𴲸ĵһ¡
𴲸ĵһ£Сô
ѧԱһƬ
ռʱ֣Ӳǵᣬһǳ󣬾ǵУֻʮĴ̣İٶ˵ĴģǻʹǵĹѣҪЩϰһʱǰӲ죬ᣬ룿ǶԻʹһ衣
⣬Ǹ˶ԣͬҲǷǳģǵж˶ǳ壬ǴС;õĽ¹ڵ࣬Ӧòİɡ̫ʥҲ˵ͭΪ¹ڡԼ¹ڣԼᣬÿ˱Ҫ£ͬҲֳһ˵ĻʣڻʼҾԣҲǷǳҪġ
ٷߵ˵ôֻ࣬ҵɣ
յͷˡ
Ҳòô̰ɡ
ֻףµҪԡ
յҪӵеĳԣʱȥͣ͸ϽõԼĴ̰ɣٴһ飬ʳÿɲҹܣʱǾֻжˣʴ˲ҪٸּۻˣҪľǾԷӡ
һѧԱǸŭԣϾЩʿɶǽǹĥѩεĻŻţһֲƣ֪һ׼ʲôײдǡ
ûа취ֻܻȥԼĴ̡
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ΪʣǶԣʵ̫İˡ
ⶼ˸ɵð
ܶ˶ԼǸĿĴ̣ɵɵţ֪֡
ЩˣڴϣŪŪŪŪˡ
̴˳ǰѲӣãһͷۣ˵ף̶ֻѣǿķ·ЩٲμӿƿϣŪͷ󺹣ؼûһõġ
ۡǻû˯һһǻþҾʲôڸҶ𣿻Ŀ飬ҪģܺܶġֻԼĴ̣ƻʹ찡ΪͲʺǵ˫֣Ͳ˳ЦˡʵȫԳһ£ýſܻյЧģһյЧģΪ޷бġҶԴ˸еΣģ̫߹ǵˣڽôѵ񽻸ǣǸֵıǸ˵ģŬñǸҺ֮ԣ˵ģʵҶǵ裬ҲԿһֶʵĳ
ղϵĽţ㵸鲢ï
¬ʦԡ̴ûڲƴסЦ⣬ʵǲѩϼ˪ˣЩѧԱʵ̫ˡ
ʵҪ˵ˣЩվŵʿǽֻ˵̫ܵ٩ˡ
˵ûС
ĻͲˡ
ˣˡ
ЩѧԱʵܲˣԭ̶Ƕԣһǳĵ£߻ܺյĳǶѾ̲סˣҪſڵʿ÷ĳǹסſڣĻո˺ˡ
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Ǵδ̣
ǹǡ
ддܹˡ

ѧԱǷ׷ŭĿлɺǡ
Цǣܻӣ˸еЦֻһ´̣˶ѣ˵˵ҪжôΪǣԼѵúЦ𣿡
ͻȻ죬ǣΪũСûжʲô飬ǳªĿŻС磬ǹͲҪЩ£ҲȻġ
ٷЦýдҲÿˡ
ʲô
ռһһεǡ
ЩӸҵˣ׷֣֮Բ
ջͻȻŭˣ
Ц쿪ʼΪλᱧԹˡ
һЦ
յͷò˵һ䣬˵ȷʵеҿǲܣԴбǸҲЦҵ֣ǾͳƽˡΪֲҵĹʧҾӦ̡
˵ţͳȥɡ
峪֮󣬾ˡ
һֻһȺˣһɬ˵ǲϣֻľʮꡣ
ξ޼ž㵵ЩСʲô
յ̰δǽǵʦеһЩܡ
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¬ʦԡµҲ̿
纫ԣڱ
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ۿĪһ죬ƺöûˣš˿ܡ˯ɡ˵ÿǶһ޶ֲףˮһҶˡ

յͷЦˣ㻹Ԫĵһ£Ȼǿġ⵹Ҳǣתٵˣ֮١
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һŶһָźյԭȾ֪ˡ
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ðԳһɺǣüЦݰףδȥһ鲻Խǡ

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ȥԭˣһ⻰ʱϢģһȢš
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ңһֱǺòЦûкþƺĹǣҡΪ֮ԻҲǼߵģǵв˱ԲҲտʼʱǲӦǺܿǾͻϲѵӪġ
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507 Ŀʼ
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ѾԤϵµٵһ˳ΪµԸʵǲʺȴûϵôңҪǣ»ٶΪݳ޲Ʒڣ˳󶥼壬ΪѪ󣬶ֳƯڵʱкܶ๫Ӹ綼ȢΪޣһ⣬ȫ
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ѵӪѧԺͬˮţÿ˶һﲻͷߣƤһֱţҲ֪϶ʲôû


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ʵհŽշż٣һĿģҹУЩӸǿɶҹеĴͻɲڽսЩӸѵӪһ˷ѡ
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ҩһߣͺٺٵգ»ȥѵӪʱһҪÿ


ٺ٣⼸ƽǮǲóˡ
ֻһӰһӣٺЦ
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Ц쳤ʮ꣬ʿΪʱڵϦʴȡΪΪСಡÿնҪҩ˶ҩǳ˽⣬ԼоҩκԼĲΪС˳ЦҩӣＫȲƽ⣬ڳרо˵ҩЩЦˣҲŭ˸ϳأרŷֺ˵ҩΪӮҩĴºš˵ûдɡ
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ճ̴˵ʲôҲѲˣNѣʵõˣ˽ڣǳкûд򣬷ǲ֪ȥѵӪĺգͺ¶ˡ
նԴҲͦεģҲûʲô취Ͼǹ壬ǣֻһϽѲӣҹжԣǷǳҪģɲȥǲҲˣǾҵҵڽѲӡ
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΢΢һЦͻȻĿעе飬ҵϣѵӪܹȥ


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ջֲ̿ɣ᲻Ūˣ΢һֱѵӪΪҪ΢
εǾǵѵӪΪ˵㵨Ϊ壬ٽѵӪѧԱ˽̣˵б˽ң̰ѵӪǮƣ˵ʥˣƻҥЩʵĻͷҴгһɷҲνҴƵһ˰
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ռʺżһһףаЦƯиëãҲѽѹ㶷ȱǡ
ﵱȻףֲȥһʺ鷳ֻﻹôڣҲûʺһգڴ˾һ飬ڿǳд󳼣ҪǰЩϰٷĻ޾㡣
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СɣЩߣҪҪø˰ö
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ҪȥĻһվ
츻˶Ƥӣ˵ģʵҶѵӪûɶ̫ϲͲϲֻˣ֪ԼһϣˮϸЩɽʿֲ̫һҼ϶ȥٵģɵĹٵĻǻǹǺȥ٣Ǿ͵̣̫ΣˣһȥʼҾˣɼҵʵҲ̫ϲڼɸɶ¶˹š
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ξ޼ŵСӻǱĿԣ˲˵ˣÿһ٣ֻҪյ·ôͿԲϴ·ˡ
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һȺһ϶Ǹ̥ǶͬһĿģǡա
մʱͲѵӪձȽæȥ˻ʹһˣȥѯǱߵ״ǱߵƭΪȽ⣬չǱÿķչȻˣȻãҪģ֮󣬺ֻص¥һϢţһ߸ɣľ̸ϵ£ֱҪˣûжƺٻȥ
ѧԱᣡ
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һԵξ޼ŵ䣬Ϊξ޼˶쿴ˡ
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һȻǣҺοҪܹȥҾͲÿնô𴲵ģлǵ¡
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˻
Ц
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һӺ
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Ϣ

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յǱģǵĨȥ汲µҫǱҪߵǣͱЩҫڳ緹ǾͽĿʽ
˶ڣĿʲô˼
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һɴǻðɣҪڣˣݺռ˵ȥ
γüգôĵӣȻǰʴʡã˵޵ĴǼ°ӣ֤ݡ
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ջش쳣ɴ࣬΢ЩǰǸ״ȫ죬Ҳδóʲô֤ЧǰѧԴ֤΢Ҳһϸӡ¹΢֤ݣȴǸ΢״֤ݣ΢̫ƽˡ
һͻȻдµ㻹ҽƱ磬Ӣһգͱ˹ȥЩɥ˵ûд𣿡
ҲʮˣӶһѣǿѫĵܵܣҲھеδ󽫾ֻʮǰڼˣ⻹ʮһϳ
ӢǰɣµУ
˵ͻȻǺЦ
˻Цʱף㻹Ц
üգΪ͢٣٬޾Ͳô
ңҡ
ոæסЦ⣬¡΢治ñ粵ģ΢Իԭʱ¸΢һʱ
ε޵ҪνƱ硣
ͻȻԺ
ڡ
ԺϽС
ǿסЦ⣬ʾһӢʱεġ

ţ
ǣ
ԺµΣͻȻ˳
һȺ󳼶ˣʲô
󲻽ʱáѽһֻԺſڵϡ
ۣ
ξ޼š˼գʱЦ
յӢʱεµȷ΢𣬵΢ҲֻǽܸȦѣܵһͻȻ赹˹ȥ΢Ҳ֪ô˵ˣǸѵӪܸȦеĻǡ΢Ҳ֪ôȥѵˡ
дſںԣǽңôܸȦ˹ȥ
ǽŰ̫ˡպѵǰ֪Ȧε𣿡
գգۣ治ϸڣΪӢ϶˵ԼܸȦεģ϶˵պεģȡͬ飬ſԲĳŻ
ʵҪ˵ˣ˶ô˵ģΪ̫ʹ޺ˣǽ˵ʲôʮˣЩڼǺޣͲû˵սǱˣˣǴˣȻûи״ǳѯҲǵͷ˵ǣܲܰź˵νͬ顣
һô˵ǿܻ˻ɣ˶ô˵Щ󳼶Դ˾Ųˣ϶ǺⱨǣǣԼܵ裬ѾûðɣڴǵѽǶֶǹ壬ǿվӦñϥĽǹǽʹȥƾһ㣬վӣɱ֮Գڶ
⻹кܶͿղˬˣһվôŪǻ侮ʯģҲǲʵǰëǮϵûУϽ൯գҲΪʲôһ֮ڣξյϰٵյ¡
ⳤһʱ׹ԭˡ
׺Ϊ޿֣տ϶ѾϵЩӵܻȥ֮󣬿϶ͼӴף˵ħֻ֣ҪιҪ壬ôЩ󳼵Ļƶٳվзء
ʵڵı£ɷƽԵƫ壬һ˵ˣؼڣǰźյģ˺һĻᣬȻĻվӦýкȥͥţǵȵգѴǶеѵӪ
ȻЩ溫յ״ʵЩ󳼶׼ģȲֻ֪һյĹ򣬶־Ǻղģ϶Ѿ
뵽ӲüʼΪЩ岮ǵ
ָЩѧԱ£Ƕүܶ죬΢ްԡ
̴ܶ죬֮Կɷʵ
̴ʵȷ£ʱȦȦεȥüʮˡ
Ӣ⣬С
ҲһһǸ󳼵һЩ󳼵ֶ
ЩĴ󳼻㣬ϴӦָžȥˣ˵˶ʮֵ֮Һǵһգ΢ʱһЩѧԱ岻ʣȻ¬ǰæţ΢û뵽εô˹ȥһҪ˵΢ʹӢεģ΢ȷҲ޻˵΢ȥȦģ³ͷ΢һְ


511 
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ʱһΣ֮ܰȦεˣյǽ͹մģΡ
βδ¶̫ı飬ֻǺ˶ѡ
ͻȻվúһˣôܰȦεҿɻ˵б˽ң˿ʳһЩķȥѵӪѧԱԣԲֳԲãһδ˯ãʵ󡣡
æԶԶԣڷ涯ֽš
յʳ÷棬Ǳˣ޹أҪֽŵĻͻȻΡ
ε㿴ѵ˵涯ֽ𣿡
ҡͷ΢޴⡣
ʵʳõֶ޴ŷģվ޿ܴжֽš˵ķˣ޵ǲ̫ⶼǺŵġ
յܼ򵥣ÿҪ緹ˣ΢ȥʳŪһǷǶԴһĿȻˡ
˭֪ķǲǰЩøѧԱǳԵġ
յվŵѧԱ˺üյģڣҺ١
εͷŵʤʤȥʳŪһ
ǡ
ŵʤ̴ȥʳãðΣֻһС̫˹ŵʤ£ⷹѾŪˡ
ৣ
ĿⶼľƵڡ
ϡͷˡ
Ǻ˵㣬Ҳ˵
ͻȻų޼ɵ̫ξһͣ죿
˶޼ɣΣ޼ʲôϵ
СӣϷҲƽȥˡ޼һЦǺǵǣͻϮʱ̫ʥΪ˱ⳤͿ̿㾡⣬ŸλҲ֪£֮ƶ̫ʥһͳԵıЩֲ赭ϷҲʱ̫ʥһԡ
μˮ֮ˣͲǳ裬һҫˣΪջǴҲǵѡȷġ
Щݣһ͡
襡õã׹һжǺղþ֣ȻŪʲôãƫƫĲ׸˹
΢΢Ц¹پ˵ŷʦ˵£žһݲ˵һǻʼѵӪûʼҲףٺʲˣ¹ٻѵӪѧԱףҴƵʢǴһͿʼģ඼ԲˣҲ޷ʤʼҾ졣
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Ŷ
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̫̽Ͷ˵޼ǰ
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ﲻ׳޼ɵ˼æӴ̫ξɲܳѽ⡪˶˵⡪Ӵ
ˣˣôҲ뵽ô򵥵һͣǵʳףʵ۳ԹĶֻ˵һ䣬ǻˡ
޼ɹһЦֵ޷޷ҸȡΪ޼ɣȻǰ޽ɣǹ£Ϸ빷һʶˡ
ð壬ϼһǲ¶ɫ
һ仰ǰһϹôп˿ڣⳤ޼ҲǷǳǳģʱ־һ£ⲩϵǽˡ
С̫ƻˣȻôһ֣ΪĴ󳼶Ĳˣ֪ô£Ψг޼ɡҧξپ¼ϼһ֪
λǲڣޱ顣
ͻȻⷹû⣬ɲ㺫Ҳû⣬ҿ˵ѧԱԵڵµķˣҿ˵
Цȷд¡
ЩǴϲ׷׳ԣա
֮ͣ󣬺ղŵλҲұǳԵڵµķˣ㵱ʱڣҲôΪЩ˶ԼŪȥģ˼¹ũʳͱҵҪҪҿʳ˵ǹ֮Ҿǿ˹̣ʳ̣ʳߣǻ֮ˣҲͷѾǹģ˵ǵڵϣǵé棬Ҳڳǳˡ
ЩѧԱһʱһ
޼΢΢ü̽ͷϡ˻ȥӻ֣̫Ͻվһߡ
ڵ˵޹̣ʳ
̴ҲԵ޹ʣǼͷˣǿǣϳԣһЩӵضǡ˵ţǱһָЩСܶ˶ˡ
ξ޼ŵ˷׷׵ͷ
ڼƤӣٶԡ
һͻȻЩҲ˵˽һ£ѧԱһνͣ˵һͽһˮĳλѧԱĴϵֽ˹ؽգ⣬㻹ЩѧԱ磬ںε˵ԼҪЩӵܡ
ΤݣΤĶ
տ뿴ͷΤ
Τ˳
յԼ˵Ϊνˮ㴲ϡ
ΤԵЩϾʵ̫ۡξǿɶּͶȵ񣬲ŵƽϰһʱӦˣҲпԭһ仰Ҳ˵ͰˮҴϣⱨ
յŻʵۺȺ棬˵ôϻҾ㼸⣬ǰһϿǺʱ𴲣ϣǷȰ𴲣Ƿţôģͷڱ棬װƣҿԩ䣿
Τ鼸أǡǵģǡ
˵ˡ
յҪͣڼûйϵҪľѵǣҪ׼ʱ𴲣ȴװûڻңΪιգԼ˵˵Ϊʲô
Τ鲻
Τݼе㵹˵
˵𣿡
ŭ˵棬һһһһ֮ˣҪɱйޣֻǹһսգûдûûп˶ûġ˵ָΤݵѵʦ˾ǾΤϵļҹҽ𣿡
ԺյͻȻѣȺһΤѽղһũ򣬱һָűҲͷһˡ
㡪㵨ҾΤϡ
Τ᲻ˡ
յʲôˣԼֶȣ㲻̵ָ̣ܽܽʦҲֻΪǾΤϵͳ𣿡
㡪㡪
ΤòûеȥҿһԵ]ס]ֵѧԱ磬ҪЩӵܣν͡
һЦֵԺС
ôҰԺˣʵʵվ˳
յϢתת
]ˣ
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Ĵ󳼼գ׷˽ôѧᣬǡǻ硣
ռ˵Աӵܣ⻰治֪Ӻ˵ֻ˵Ҹʱ򣬳ܵĳЩӵܵ裬кǲˬǣ֮飬˭۸ô룬ֻǲ˵ˣҵʱر˵һ㣬ǺɷҲôֻҪӰţȻĻһͷǵģǹ廹塣ֻǸʵʵ˵ѣа㱨ΪԸκδɱͷ
]磬ȴֹˣбȻô˵ǿ϶ûⱨҪȥҲֻԼûӣ]һҲû˵ˣʵϵֻΤͬһţȻó
ͻȻξ޼ţ壬ٷ磬ڣ
ѧڡ
˸Ͻվ˳
εź˵һУɷʵ
⡪
ң
εǻ
ξ޼ŵرµĻǡû
ЩȻԵЩΣҲ޿֡ôˣֻһʵۻܰôôڲ֮صġ
޼ɼˣǳ£µпЩᣬҸãӳ顣
ͻȻǲܵġ
޼ɾȵźգ˵ڰϢˣ㻹ͱˡ
ô󳼣ãлкܶ࿪ѫڣҪ˺ˣյⳡ𣿾ǻʵҲղⳡͷҲǣͷҲǣʱ˭
ǳ޼ȴ֪ղ֣ҪݺЩһһʼûдȻҲվֵ̫ξܰȦεжʱҲ֣¹ٶԭǣ¹ΪֻҪŬܹɹЩ˲ʱӪкһѣһеĹʧȫƵ¹ûйûж־ûоģûм֣ûģãҪҪǣ¹ٹܲţʼѵӪѵȻֻһƷС٣ǾҪ˵ģ¹ѾЩδȫһ
޼⻰ʱľ룬СǷ˰ɡ
ȺмҲһļž
⻰ҪѽʵʼҾ죬ⶼνؼںһʵ̫ˣһ£һƷСٵѵӪҪǣǳ͢Ҫ
ЩӵԭǿԿȥٵģôһɾˡ
ҪϾɱ¾Щ˵;Щûа취ҪǵĺΪ˸ΪصĴۣҲùġ
ǰһ
鵽治֪˭ˡ
˵ĿⶼϣֻοˣϾǻʼѵӪȫȫڻʵ۵ġ
λޱ飬̴Ϊأ
һֱںĳҧͻȻ˼
̴̵£ֻóмලְ֮ĶǸ츺ģԴ˲ԡ
ʵҪҧѣ⺫շˣûз裬Ҫˣ㲻ǽ˶ˣ²ܶҲ˵⻰
⵹Ҳǡεͷյգ޼ȻʼѵӪ㣬ȻȫȨ˵ţͻȻӵɡ
ǰһֵڡ
ε㽫ЩѧԱ¼һݣ
һ漴ͷ
ٴһ⻰岻һΣûԵڵء
һݺ
ʹƤٺҲ͢ƼЩˡ
츻ӿͷ󺹣ѽˣȻĻҵǰ̿ɾȫûˣֲ̫ˡ
Ҫ˵ˣܶѧԱԼʱӪˡ


512 
Ȼβδȷ̬˭֪Щ˽볯Ϊˡ
ʵҲҪѽʼҾĶʲôǻʵյˣȥˣ˼Ҷ㣬Ϊʵۻ󳼣鰡
޼Ҳû˵ˣҲΣǸղڣɱסǱ˵ƿԣ˭˵̫ˡ
鶼Ϊֹ
Ȼǡ
ûдԷ͵أһ仰ɣһǵȵ̫ˣȭ£΢ȻԸѵӪҲ˶ǼҫϾǵ೤ΪҴƿӦ񡣡
ºͳһۣͷϲⶼðĺ飬ǲ˸ˣǾݵġ
εͷǵȻֻǸˣ˭Ҳ˶ĥǵȱΪҴµĺ͡
Щգʱ˿
նЦǿ޵ġ£ɻǵ㵱ΪǼҫҫǽ𣿡
εͷ޵ȻǵãҫǽһǱʾǵȱǵأҲϣܹǡ
յЩѧԱѾ뿪ѵӪ˵ӦýԼļҫƴȥǶڣҲˣ΢ֻλ󳼴ǣȡҫơ
򴽣ðɣ޴Ӧ㡣
յЩҫ棬дŵҪôѾȥĿѫҪôǵ󳼣΢ҵͽҫȡ΢ʱͰһĿ΢ñҪΪߵľ뿪
ܶ󳼶ûĿ񣬲һ㶣ջѽûͦȫġ
ΪЩѧԱԸѵӪˣǵȻὫҫǽϸĩ֪ǵĳĻȻĻǵĳܾͻˣ˵ˣҲûнĿ˵ЩѧԱΪôһ溫յ״ôܻᳶҫǽȥ
ȻվѧԱȴֱΤһĿˣѵӪΪϿĳͷ
Ҳ֪ĿŻôһ˼ͷӦˡ
һ죬Ц£λ롣
ȺҫǽǱȥ
ͻȻعͷЩѧԱǻվѵǰ˵Ļ𣬹غҫǽһУѵӪκˣ뻳о⣬
⣿
ѧԱͬʱĨһѴ󺹣ӵľⰡ
˺ƺƵҫǽǰ
ЩѧԱӡ̴ˣһ;ɽһĨ
Ϊ֪ᷢʲô
Щ󳼶ǵһؿҫǽûͦģ׷ѰԼҫơ
£ǹȥģ
ҧָһľƵ
үүСӹȥġ
Ͻ֣һҲа㲻ףеǳġ
üǱҫǽغд
Ҳ첻£زµʱ˵Լѡ񡣡
ҧСĪ£СĪ£˵ƣδҲ̫СˣϷͦõģҪ˵ŮôϷһԪĵһ¡
۳ҧˣ˵ˡ޼ɶûа취ҲǶţ١
ҧͻȻֵӣզԼ֣ΪβϷֹȥ
˻һӵĿͶҧ
̴룬ͻлûнָȥˣҫǽѽǳǽεǶǹԼȥֲҲûн̫ξֵĹȥô
ҧһ̾ûϷ֣в㰡

һߺ
ŵóҧһ£ָźյϹʲô
ҪٲĻ֪㻹ҪԹáڨڨ¬ʽϾҪʼˡ
ĿǰɣУϷҲͦڴġ
ҧЦ
ε£ҪҪ˵䣿
βŲ⵱ˣˣʼɡ
ǣ
Ǹ֡

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ʮİ֣
һ죬ζʱˡ
Ρ޼Ƕסˣɣ
ƴҧ죬˫磬ϾѾʶˣȾ׼ɲЦȻĻվͻˡ
һɴζӳ£ܸоֵֹġ
ָ񣡡
ৣ
˸߾֣׼ȶӶ
ֻһСľ潫һҫȡ
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ؼǰֵȾʲô񣬷밡
Щ󳼿ſţʣ˫ֱ·˲˲˼ʮ꣬ҫǽǻʵģҫ֮⣬㵱Żʵ۵棬ô󳼵棬ҫǽ潫ԼļҫƸȡؼô˵ⲻԤʾҫ
Ҫһׯءǿܾһоˡ
ˣ
̫ˣ
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ı£Ҫ
Խ̸Խһҫ˰˵£ҫǽȡٴ󳼿涼ҿˣ棬ֻһ⣬һ⣬޲Ҹȥ
ˬľǺգҪĻ棬Щӵܣܶ඼ûûεģǽǣʲôУЩϴ󳼣ǲŽ˼ˬһͿǰûٱ裬ҵѵӪʱмв͵񣬵ȴһŴģһȫ˻
ӡµյĿģ浽һ̣ǻǷǳ𾪣ⳡʵ̫Ҫˡ
ؼǻã˵̫ˣҿЩˣҲǼҫҪΪׯصʽ뿪
ʵҲˬʵôЩϴǿûٸϽΣһʵˣҲˬˡ
ϣôûͣ
ЩǶҪˣҲ룬ٶ飬һӾȡܵи̰
һ㹤ҫƲȫȡķһŰײڡ
ȻЦˣʼձׯءı飬£ʽѾ
ҲƴסЦ⣬ͷҫƹ黹޵İǰɡ
˵ģ
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Щ󳼿ҫƣֻǳۣžУ±˶һۡ
ȻҲЩ˱ҫЩѧԱĳ
Сӣûжүү
ֻһ׷ԲԵˣξ޼ŵһִξ޼ŵļϣЦ
Ǵξپ£ܾδϳˣһֱڼȻξ޼û˵ЩҲһЩΪһοǾ˲ԪѫˣΪԼıŸϹΪԸǳģԿܶѶԼˣԼȴһɧûУǽ
ξ޼ŴֵүүٲãҲүүȻˣʼҾ죬˼үү
һ仰ǳĴܶϴ⻰ҧгݣŻȥǵýСӸ˲ɣˡ
вٴ󳼣ξپôŪҲˣҵԼĶĿ佱ʵ԰ڻֻΣҪ붣ԼĶСӿɵסҪôһĿӿɾͻ㡣
ͻȻ£ϳƣ¶׼ϳȻȥ
Ƕһ붼
еջˣ㷽溫յ״ʱǲ磬ӣһߵĿһЩ˵Լˣһ䣬»δһжֻǺյƬ֮ʣδԼλһͬѲʼѵӪôѵģǷ纫ԣʵĻһֻһ
˵ţһѧԱˣѵǰκβͬǴ˵һ
һѧԱ
̫˽Щ󳼣֪ǿ϶ʹ˰ݣɴһգô£ʱû£գĻھ


513 յ
ЩΪԼУ˲صĴۡ
ʵȻΪôԸһǲЩɱţǲ̫۸ˣǲ̫ˣͬʱҲ޿֣ΪǶ֪ôǲģʵҲΪһͷǣû뵽ջôһУǲǵģǲǵĺһҲɨء
ͷ󺹣ϽԲߣڲ룬Ϊʱ
˰һ
һ仰׶žЩҪߵĴ󳼵˵ǣǰɣҾţǲ׼뿪
Ҳ˶ѣʼնδ±̬ںռ˾ԵϷ磬ΪҲѽô˵ҲûʵԵã˵˵ҲУһڣǾûصˣϷѽܶ˶ԪϼĿѫҲմ״ʣøЩӣ˵٣Ҳֻѯʣδ˵һԵĻ
ˣԼܰȦεԼӣӵĽҰ
Щ׼ĴҲֻܵͷվţҪξжΡ
նˬˣ϶Ҫң֪㺫үүֶ˰ɡ
յգƽʱôѵģվôѵùԼ޵ĸλ䡣

ӦȻжӡ
ǰյѵЩѧԱܿжϡ
һвӵʱʳþҪˣǻ͵Ļǵÿˡ
˻һʱȻһƬ
ξ޼ż㵸죬⡪Ҳ̫ƽˣʱֲǵģƾʲôͷ
ѧԱ֮ⲻǳ
ҲЩףϾղΪǵĵ˷˴ҵʱ䣬ǳա
ղ˵꣬ͱȭ£΢ƽʱôѵģվôѵƽʱ΢Ҳκνȥ赲ʳùţȻĻ춼иֽڣʳõĳʦҲͦ۵ġ
ʦͦ۵ģҲǽڣһ㶣նóô׾ӵĽˣ֪ǲòˣͷðɣ޼ȻȣǾ˵ȥɡ
ЩѧԱһʱ¶ɫ
ȴӦϣǻվ˵۰
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һܵѵʵǷǳ򵥵ģΪ֪кܶ˶Բ˿ģһʼѵĻǿ϶кܶ˰ŷż٣ĻûнյЧʴ˺һֱ̣ǳ˿ͷѵ֮ǵ˫Ⱦ͸ǦƵãһۣ극֮󣬾͸ϽϢһ⡣
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츻㲻˵ڼ㸸ĸ𣿡



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ѵ֮ЩѧԱƣȥϴ裬һҪϴĻ˭ܵˣҳˮ裬ҲһЩ
Ҳȥ˿Ȼ⹫κһɴ󳼵ͦȤģǳҧξپЩ·һѣֱȥˣҪǷʽģϻǵýг̴ξ޼ŹȻ걳ǻ溫չ붼öġ
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ոϽܵǸԣһվȥʱһɽСůսԼλӰû̫Ľվﲻ䣬ô򵥡Ŵ˼£ͬʱֹţü˵Ϊںǵġ漴λѧԱڴ˴α۴ĳԣΪҵĻɾ񣬵ǣһҪסһεı۴ɾûаϵһϣûκģһα۴ҪĿľǣۡʹ֮ʹ֪֮һ塣ٴһߣҪƫˡ
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ϰĺգǵЦȴԽŨˣôһ˼ҸôЩ׼Ĺ򣬻ԼնʵۺЩس


518 ۴£
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΢΢ü֪ƶѾܲˣ¬һôԷίŵĳԱ붼ʿҲˣҲ֪¬н˼룬ܷЩίųԱ룬ѡĻǵȻ޳ɽĽƶǿ϶ǿ¬Ǳߡ
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ΪɺСҶԳ̬ȶں˹أŪü䴸ʾⰲĺպƣϾǻʵǿڡ
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ȫ˶һඥγѡ
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Ʊ֮ˣЩר鷳ˣѡĬԶԣΪֻ֪øӸӡ
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ûϢļһϷҪɱ㡣
үүҲˡ
ⶼˣִֻСϷķ׷һһ׷ʹ
ļұڽҹųÿһ档


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ȻʽվͷˣΪǶų⣬ΪµķξԤʾһҪϴ·ˣն֮ˣҪʱ򣬷·źܶϸڣǶδȥôԣʴ˸ͬȹϵϣֻQ
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Ծǰµ·ݸξ޼ŵξٸ磬Ƚɡһ߿ţ·ʵͦġ


һСδ·ҪǴȥˣǵЦȥ
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ϲæл죬л졣Ŷли磬磬磬һ磬Ϊ顣
ͻȻӻ֣ȱŵлҪĲһˣĸˣֻ볤﹫ӴӦһλᣬܶͶ¹ӣɻûдӦᣬҪȡǵĴӦĻһǲġ
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ξ޼ſŶˣٷ磬Τ벻Ǿ㲻ˣȻҪȥ
ػ治ǰӣĲңøһûиԣû꣬ȥϴé
ΤҲѽ³֮⣬ûκΰ취ѵ͸ԸôŪ𣿡
룬ȷʵȥˣûξ޼ǴµģȴǴң̫ƽˣ̫ˣ޼ţ֮øϽȥˣѵ㷽ûп𣬿ϹƵѾ䵽ͷˣ֮ܺЩʲôɶģһ䱾ġ⣬ĲҿЩ߽ˣһͳŵסʱǶҲɶߵġ
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ϹƸʵ޼Ÿ磬ǻȥϴɡôȥһܲ˵ġ
ξ޼ĽۺϹƣͻȻһԴȥװ壬һ죬һ治һӲͷȥײץСҲŹģ


536 ټƻ
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˵ЩʵҲȥƭÿǶԷԼ
һͷԵˣ˵˵ʲôôΪģǻ˼ģ˼Σ⵹ǿСνлԵǮƭˡ
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537 һ
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538 ƭ
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յһҲ֮飬ʲôֵЦġ
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ҡҡͷҲСͷǳ뾭ѵֵܶ⣬ʦ÷ȥ˵ǳ⣬˵Ϊ㣬Ҿõͦġ
ѵһУֻһ񺮣ȥ°


չ۹쳣֣Ϊ˼ګ̽ˡ
磬ܾշˣ˵Ļҵֺαɷѿģ͵֪֪Ǻ֮ǰһһԭƽСׯһ֮ڳΪеĴׯ㡪˵ʲôǺá
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541 澵Ӹ
һգգۣ㡪˵ʲôЦһ¾أ
չɵͷһ֪ЦԸ̫ϲٳ˴򽻵㣬͵ȲˣǾһ³ˡ
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ЦȻһӲǺܾãνһʣǷǳģԣһ
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չ֮󣬺һߵͷ˼ţһԺȥʵﻹЩЦϾǼһﻹ治һʡĵļһı죬ҲһЦʲô⣬Ѱ˼ţҪҪȥҡ
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ԪұλڳôʯͷɵģһǳСǱԪ޽һǱԭֻΪһЩǻϾͨׯ԰Щ̫ΣˣԵͽôһǱӹǮ˾ôԡ
ԺԪߺԪұͰˣΪ棬һְȫаɡ
ÿǰԪҵĳǶ￪һ飬Ҫǿһջ⣬ǹļƻϾǮԪҵ֮ôһݼҵһ˿Գģ˹ͬŬÿܽǱزٵġ
ĵ⺢ӣԽԽ˹Ŀ࿴ԴԪ˺Ԫҵһʤһ갡Ԫҵ԰ֶҪǱȥˡ
һλԪĵĲ󣬸ЦԪ֣Ԫĵ塣
Ҳ׷׵ͷԪĵ޲ڣʵԪĵԪҵһλŮˣʱλһЩģʵ֤һǳʵѡ
ԪմֵСõı£ĿõģСڣǮҲõеһЩ
ԪҼԪɶҲͲҪǫˣ࣬ȻĻĵһ׬Ǯһȥ
һЩϼһﶼǺЦ
ԪƵ˵󲮣ⲻڿ佱Сô㳶ʲô˵ҲûùôǮ
ʱһͻȻ˵ҾǲӦֹ̫ˡ
תͷһǱȽģͱԪĵԪմһЩҲʮ꣬Ԫס
Ԫĵܣ⻰Ӻ˵𣿡
Ԫ׵ڱ£ŴҶ֪ˣСһ֮ڣڳһ֮ļҵһǧˣ⣬ıﻹڲϵţˣеڶֺǼԣһвѽ
ĩ˵Ԫĵ΢΢ü
Ԫµ˵壬Ԫҵһ˵£Լô
Ԫ׵Ҳô˵չֳҲĿõģСҸ˻ǳĶ֣ԪҲòгԽԽͶҲԽԽ࣬ʱ˶ΪףԪҸںδͶ֮£ԣ
Ԫͷ淺ɫĵ˵ĲڱҲһֱڹעյʵȷСҲδܹһ֮ڻ˴ӰǴԶĵܣ֮õΣ
Ԫ׵֮ǰȽѹסչ
ԪֵΪʼʹǱµţǶĻ»ὫԪҾһ籩С
Ԫ׵ֻҲֻǱ뺫֮䣬ǲԩҲҪգҶǹƽҲƾ豱ŵϻʼʹģ£֮͢ҲǾ⣬ɴ˿ɼҲûдԤյ
ԪԪĵĵô
ԪĵƬ̣һֱ뺫Ҳջ˲ٵ棬ϵһֱǳǢҲɣҾǺԪҴ棬Ҳ޳Ľ顣
ԪҡͷֻǺԪңǵʱеĻȡʤôԪʲô˵ֻ֮ɵķӣлĻǺգѵʵĸǺôô֪ԼûϣܹʱҹУҹһˣֿڱǰҵҲࡣԪҲڶзһɲԪ¡
һλߵ޳ĵ֮ԣȻĵķǳãԪҴ棬Ժյʱ̫һζ׷뺫յĺȨȫںӳԶԪǷǳģȵ׳֮ԺɵĽһ߿
˶ͷ޳ɣյȷչ̫ˣԪұҵеĵһ壬ǿɲ뱻ȡ
ԪüΣĵҲˣĸλ岮úջвǼ壬а취ѹסա
˵ĿⶼԪĵ
ԪĵĬƬ̣ҡͷûСҼ޳뱱ΪУΪ뱱Ԫҽ󣬶ҺվвԪңƾԪӵеء԰֣޷󼰵ġ
Ԫ׺ߵɲһںյĹԽԽ󣬽¶ʹأһǲģùְ֮㣬Լ׬Ǯ˭ϵԺᷢʲô
ԪĵղˣֻҪ׬ǮĻȫ׬Ǯҿ;ΪأǸҪġ
Ԫ׵˭ֻǮ٣;ΪأͲð뻧˺ΣգҲҪΪС
ˡ
ԪǾ˵Ӧôɣյ;ô޹أҪ̸
Ԫ׵ĵһζԼţҽ黻һˣΪŻԪڲ֮ء
˻һ̰
Ԫ̵ƾʲôСûʲôʧһ׬ôǮǲΪһգͽСøˣΪ͸Ӧý
ɶȲҪ˵
Ԫס棬ԪĵĵҪȥԸգǷԸ⣿
Ԫĵ󲮣һǼҵ뷨ҲδǺյĶ֡
ǺãԪͷΪ˭ĵʺϵˡ
Ԫ̵ԪܸոմǱ߻ĹΪͷǳʡ
һ˽
ԪŶһԭԼλѽѹô
Ԫ׵ֻǾ°ˣĵԸԼţһǻ֧ģԪЩΪ˼屼ۣ²ٹͣ˵˷֮УΪԪ׬ȡǮơ
ԪֽмҲÿ˶ʱղ׬ᣬǰǰɣ˷ô
Ԫ׵ֻһ̽·ȻҪۣ϶
Ԫ̵ǽ˵
ԪˣˣǱˡô˵ȼܶ˵ɡ˰ȥԪܽ
ǡ
һֻһʮߵ˽ֻһӣǾǡƽòƽƽϻһ㺩΢ЦڽϣҲٶ࿴һ۵ˡ


545 Ļ
ʵԪҵĹ˵ԪһһûʸģҲ˵ˣԪܵĳȴû˿Ĳͷһһλ
ԪЦܶ⼸Ϊ嶫ܡ
Ԫܵүүˣֻı̸֣ࡣ
úúã
Ԫͷʾɡ
лл
ԪԪĵߡ
ԪЦܶջسãڳƣ˽⣿
Ԫܵʵ·ϾѾ˽ķǳˣΪܶ˶̸۱ͺա
𣿡ԪǺһЦԴкο
ԪƽͻȻųΪһľٶԪв
˻
Ԫü
ԪܵԪҵ󣬱붼Ҫг۵мһֱԪԼ˵ĳ۵мƿˣôԪҾͱˣĿǰľٶĿĲ׬Ǯ뷽跨ȥƿЩȥһƿЩ˶ıϢԪңƶĹ£ڵıˣģԽ󣬶ԪҶԾһϢ
öƵƵͷ
ԪĵԪһۣΪⷬԪյҲ˵ȴŭ䲻Ŀһۡ
ԪܻһתҲΪԪҴһѵĻᡣ
ԪʲôѵĻ᣿
ԪЦǰֻжУҶǳ͢ƿصģǺյĳ֣涨ȻܹмԪͬҲԣұȺոʸԪҵмûκ˲ƾԪҵ֧⣬һֱΪԪӦһԼмΪǰмԪеĵλΪǲҪǣԪҽмôǾͿǿԪеӰһԪҵĹأӶԪҳΪ֮ס
˵һЦǵмɹˣôԤʾյıʧˣһá
Ԫպߵ˵ĵף֮Կڱ￪мΪƽＫΪλãڱĵط뿪мǼǲܵġ
Ԫ׵˵ļǣƺҲһ㣬ڱ￪мʱмеĴ󳼶ǷԵģǱ¼ֺ֧գղڱ￪м㲻ƾԪҵĹϵֻҪĻôܶһֵ֧ģʱǲʣ¾ͻ˵ƫ̻աټԪҵĹϵⲢǺѡ
ԪǷаѹסգ
ԪЦ֮԰ܸգǲģдһܣԪһ֮ԴܺգҪЩں֮ڡ˵ϣֻ֮Ůգ磬Щ岻òȥЩͬҲŮΪĵùòеģֻҪŮ˸ᵽǵмôŮҲƱתƵǵмŮգôڱһֻۡҪǽˣôȻͻ塣
ԪĵŮ˸Լġ
Ԫæֵǣֶ˵ˣùü¡
ԪȴĵʲôԼģ㣬ʲô
ԪĵĬ
ԪԪҵŮһжӦڼģ˶˵ԪҽķѣҲϣƵĻ
Ԫĵ׵󲮽ѵǣĵ֪ˡ
ԪͷĿһɨΪԪܵĽΣ
ԪֵǷҪԸգһҾԪǿԽ˽м
ԼмôͿԱøɣԪҵҲ
һͨΨԪûб̬
ԪҲϰԵĺԪ棬ԪĵĵһֱĶǳã˵ǲӦ㣬ֱڴ󲮻֧ģֻҪԸԼ뷨˻㣬һԪ԰㡣
ԪĵǸһǼԼ뷨
ԪͷȻˣҲͲǿˡĿһɨҵ˼ǣԪܳˣǿɷ޳ɣ
г϶ͷ޳ɣȻԪջǳĬ
ԪǺãôˡ
Ԫܹ֮κ񣬶ҪΪڲǳŽᣬΪǲǮֶò꣬ڲҲûʲôģܶ壬ڲìܣںüһ겻񡣶ŷǿΪͬʱǻӵһȺ壬Ⱥǲ漰κιȨģΪˣûôྫȨһ㶼ǽˣϵȨǿԳƶˣǻÿĳɼжϣһ㿴ʵûͦġ
һеĵˣǵ汲ԪƲûдţȴܹλӸλĶ档ݹκ˹䣬ΨԪһֱˣɴ˿ɼĳһʱܻһøȹ̡Ļǻܴôã˵ˡ
ڹŴԣ˵һǳļ塣
ȻҲΪĹ屳γôһ壬ӵôǮصĻǹͲˣϾԪұǹ壬мߵԪ֧вڳСеҪְġ
תۼ䣬ʣԪաԪĵһá
Сãѹһģƫƫˡ
ԪƵԪĵ
ԪĵԪܵȷҸʺһЩĸԸ
ʺϸƨ
Ԫպߵʵ˾㰡ͺĻôﲻԪˣƨмʡʡԪһ硣ҪǴӦھ͸ȥ˵˻㡣
ԪĵԪգʵҲȢţƾı£գɾ벻ˡ
˭
Ƿ¥ǰ𱣡
иȥһ𱹴
Ԫûðɣ͵վˣոն˵ķϣһؾͲƽˣһȥҵЩûгԱ
˵ţƨ˳ȥ
Ԫĵ˰ΣͻȻЦҡҡͷվ뿪

ǱЦһղ¶棬˵Ŀ϶ǼٵģͷͨѶ߾Ⱥ죬Ҷ֪ôȥң˼룬մȥѵӪҳ̴æ
ǴҡڵĻصѵӪ͵͵ȥģҵ̴ϣܹæ
̴һڴӦ̫С˼ˣ֮Ͷ̸ϣȥڵĸվһʿ
˳ѯѵӪԤϵǰ㣬Դû֮ѧԱһԹûˣЦ״̬ҲǼѣճѵһֱల£̴ദҲǷǳǢټ϶ԸҲû˸
͸һͥһЩѧԱǺӣܵһһ
յȻǳ̴˴ֵģûôıƣΪֺˬ΢еΥҲ⣬ʺϲˡȻһеĹͻǺյģҪǺһشǵɣֻҪѵǶԾѾҵˡ
󣬶˵볤٣ֱ뵽󣬸ɴ䡣ΪϾҪˣҲٸǾҺúù꣬Ժ˶ʽͶûˡ
ҪЩѧԱ֪ˣ͹ˡ
̴ʵҲЩºգһ߯ˣÿζŪôľģŪ񾭶ˣҪ볤٣ϽһĻûС
ص¥Ͷ뵽УҪǰս£½ггԣһ깤͵ÿһգץ
һգڹѲ죬СҰͻȻ˹С磬Сˣм¡
յ
СҰ
⵹һõطյС֣ȥΪЦǻ쵰㣬ڿҲͷܹˡ
΢˲弸䣬ȻʹСҰСȥ˹ڡ
صˣҲվ
үүһˣһҪƽƽġ
ܵһϵĹһǰֹ˵š
վһԣͻȻǱһƳСҰʹ˸ɫС֡
СҰͷ
վȥһ᷿ڣ᷿רԡիģʱֻһˣƷŲˮ
ϣһСɳһȲϾҲҪǮȻҲǳܵ
СɳߺһԵ̵Ӧˡ
յô죿
ʵҪ˵ѣֻѯһǷɼңͿ˳ˮ˵ȥϾҲСˡһھͶڳһϽƸ׼ãҹձж
յͷ
սȥ
յˣһСҰŵģҾˣҴѾµὫʲôطˡ
һȻˡ
մĻֻǲµһŵķΧʲôλãԴȥЩҶᰲŵġ˳Ļһȥ֪ͨǣңһ·ǵʱҲ࣬ļӽķǳڴտҲĲ̸ı飿


546 һ
ƭֵĹǷǳźͿģɹƭ˶ԷڶԷ֪һʱĴ㵣ˬģⲻǽǮϵܣһ־ϵܡ
ǺҲ⣬һ̴Ӳȱڴ
лԣΪлԱһƭӣһƭӸоԼƭˣֻһ棬̫ڴˡ
ĩռˣȴ̵һƬأ·ڸǣĩջû١
Ⲣܸıʲô

ֻһӴŴܵһƬɽУʱﻹվڶˣǺ˸ǰڴʷȻϣлһţ
յͷˡ
⺺Ž
վڵĲСҰǸһʷô֪лǽƭ鱦
ԶһָΪ
תĿȥֻԶһõ꣬գգۣǡǲлסõô
յͷҲл֮󣬾һֱסõ꣬Զԣܽ鱦ŵԶĵط϶һ⸽
Ž᲻ͷõأ
ҡҡͷҾͲ֪ˣȻõ겻ǰȫĵطЩ˾ϲΣյĵطǰȫĵ
վɽе˽һٷڽлԵȵˡ
ʷ쿴лԻˡ
Žָ
תĿȥֻлԶһֱõȥˡ
Ȼصõ档
ŽԸȽȭײƣʮ˷ܵ˵
ҪҪȥ̷֪ͨǣ
ҡҡͷ˵Ѿ׼˿㹻ʱ
һлԴõ˳ȥʱһûЯκζͻȻ̸෴ķȥ
Žգգۣ㵵ô£
΢΢üߣȥ
˳ּСлȥеԼĪʱлͻȻһСɽȥˡ
Ž̧ͷһĪҪȥǵۣ
վĿһֻСɽһۣͻȻüͷһ壬ͷȥѽҪֱۣӺɽϣҲĹûеôԶ·ǵɽ
⾿ô£
ҡҡͷҲֱܻȥ
ǡ
̽ͷһȻ͸˹ȥ
Žеʷ᲻лԷСҰ
յܣлԵı£ܹСҰҪôлãҪôѾ˱仯ѾǱˣֻܾ䡣
һȣ͵˰ʱ
ȻһӰŵŽϽε
СҰ
տûпסŽΪһ̫Ϥˡ
ŽһСҰ˭˺յĻ֪ʲôʱСҰġ
СҰ磬ҿлԽһ䷿ڣȻҲûгˣҵĻ᲻ʲô⣬Ǿﶢţ㡣
΢΢üҸ취ȥһ̽
Ž̵ס
Žߺ󣬺ҲСҰβȥ
ڱȽƫʴҲֻ࣬ΰݣ⻹мͯڴɨԺӡ
㡪˾Ǯ
ֻһָһ׶󺺵
˵㻹겻ɢ׷ˣ˼ҪǮô
㡪㻹
ûǷǮô
Ҹƴˡ
һԲϣͻȻڵڴһԵĵͯŵ÷׷ܡ
һͻȻײһڣǵ˿ڵʱ˲ɵˣֻڿտҲ
Ž˼գŽ̵šȻȥ
һСҰ˽æ˹ʷҿлԶǴӴˡ
һ߽ȥ򵥵һݣһŴһСľһ۾ͿԿ飬ݺȴһȴߵǰƿһ۵СԺ
ʱһϵżͯ˹֪λСۣкιɣ
Цû¡ֳ׷ծǵһʱ嶯ԸϹûзʲô¡
˵ţóһЩǮŵǮҲã߶ԾҲãǵ¡
ıȽϵӶûУֱˡ
ʱһСͯһλкʩ𣿡
յҾǡ
СͯǰǰڴɨԺʱһҽһ㡣

սӹһֻϻһŮˡ
СҰⲻ˼ô
üͷ£ϣСͯʵȥأ
СͯȾɽȥˡ
յʲô
Сͯҡҡͷ
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Сֵͯͷ
΢һһлȻ˳ȥ
һţͳŽȥõ̽һ£Ҫ֪лԸղʲôʲôˡ
ǡ
ߺСҰʵ磬ʲôأ
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µɽȥõǱȥеһ룬ͼŽ˻
ŽʷҷŴˣлԽõȥһ䷿ڶһ
ǻǿͷסŵһ·Ĵ󺺣лߺ󲻾ãǴҲ뿪ˡ
յ󺺿Ŷ
ŽͷŶһ
ЦһȻˡ
СҰ磬˼ǣʵлԵ鱦һֱõ棬֮ȥֻۣΪǣǴ˳Ľ鱦תߣ
˳Լ˵һ䣬ͻȻĿĹˡ
Žʷڿʲô
ҡҡͷûʲô߰ɣȻز̸˵̷ǻڵˡ
̸Ǳȥ
ڴ̸ͨؾ֮·ıһɽİɽվˣһӣһ󺺣һ޳ź£ͷɴҵˣȻòǴϿӦһŮˡ
ŮעźһˣͻȻһԵİӵ㶼ˣѡŲ̸ǼƭӣõȡƸô㽫ᱻƭ˲ʧ
ǰ˫ȭգɪɪ־ŭźգҧгݵ벻ûʼʹȻһƭӡ
벻£ˡŮһЦֵûˣǰæһֹһĸоһǳܡ
ǰӵϥأȭлŮȣлΪ
лԡ
ŮעŽԶȥĺյˣȴҷ׷ǹʣѵûΪʲôҪ𣿡
лһ㶣ѾѯʹŮƺԸ˵
Ů˵ڿԸ㣬ΪϷŪܹҸеǳģҲԶԶûнҪ㽫˼֮䷢һжҡ


547 ʧ˳ɹ
̸
ʧ̫죬Ҳ̫ͻȻˡ
ò̸һȱ÷ǳžҲ˾ɥա
ܣ⡪ôܣ
һҡͷأԲһķˡ
Ҳһǳˣʧܣһǳ׵¡
̷Ҫˣݵľ㵹ձȭⶼҵܣһ뺫ʷ𷣡
ŽźգЩ֪롣
Ŀɨ£ͻȻһЦǲûʧܣҿлûʶǵļƻ˴ƻǵļƻȻҲڴˣûȥһ㡣
ŽѵлԻͬ
ҡͷ̫񡣡
æʵʷǲǷʲô
ճƬ̣лͷһƭֵĻûбҪðսղŽЩ鱦תߣԼͬתߣҲҲһղŷ֡
Եͷշ£ԤƵУҲǳСĽһֱעлԵĶδ¶κζǼƻļ󡣡
ˣҲлԵͬôһоͿԽˡֵһǳؼĵطһ

㵵
յͷеŮӣлֵĶ󣬶Էһ͸ңƣģⲻѾǳ˼ȥģǳġڵĵλлԲ̫ܸ£ĻӦûѡ֮󼪣ûκʸҶлҲֻ³ûоɺޣҲǴģͬĻҲܻңڱˣпҵĳˡ
Ǻʷв³˭𣿡
ҡҡͷԿյ̫ˣ޹ʹֻܹҲˬı̫˶ԸȥˣһʱҲ²˭ɵġ
˵ţ΢΢̧ͷĿһɨЦʵǶѾ÷ǳˣһεʧܲǣֻǳһЩ⣬Ϊ֪ĵ̫ƻˣѡų֣ӦĻᶼûУǲô¶ѾˣͲҪȥˣʵһƭӶѣѾеʧˣǲȥΣ𡣡
̷Ϊһ̺ķôŬǽȴ⣬еޱȵľɥⲻǺһ仰ġ
Ҳףǰᣬ̸̸Ժɡ¹֮ǰĶԹԹһʹˣǲǷʲôҲǷʲôҪ뿪һһǮ뿪ģһϣܹҡȻѡȨ
̷һ㶣໥
ЦǿԽȥ
ˡ
̷м䣬Ҳм䣬վһţձȭԸ׷溫ʷ
ʵѡ뿪֮˵õƭӣ˵ñץסȥΣôǻʼʹôǮȻǲ֪Ƕ죬ôҲϲƭӣһôõĻҪǲסܻᱧġ
һЦǺãҲ֮ʡûŪ˭ǰʱҲ¶棬ɣպرȽϽҴЩҵǾȥæɣ羰͵ɢɢġ
̷һûԥʲôͷӦ
յȻѾ¶ˣ϶Ҳڱ˵ļӵУھ뿪Ѿ˴ֻ뿪Ǳߵ˻Ｏϣʱ˴ȥġ
ƺ֮󣬺վСҰȥˡ
磬ǲǺܲġ
СҰһ˫ԲԲĴ۾źգԵЩǡ
һЦԴǿ϶еģϾӮһϣʱһ˸⣬Ҳ˶ѣǳʤҲֻǳʤǱʤʧҲǿԽܵġ⣬һ֪ԭڰһֱһлԸǿĵڹעҡʵ˷Ӯɲκ˺Է¶棬Ҷԣδһ£ԺԷڸҪĹͷ֣ҿܻøҡ
˵䣬ԼҲ룬ԷҪأȻǲģôпܶԷֻҪͷǳѲˣΪųгһĹ嶼
СҰͷǺ˵ûпԪĵ
յҵʱҲ֪ƻ˲࣬УҲԪĵ֪һԪĵҲûκζȥлԣԪ˵пܣ⻹òȷңŶԷ϶¶ġ
СҰ˵Է˼㣿
յͷȻԷһңһġ
СҰҪҪ˼㣿
Ƭ̣ҡҡͷʱã˼ոմлԵӰ߳ҲپһǷǵС
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һ㣬ձһĪչ˷ʧܣʵһҪƣԷԹߵκһˣԴǣûа취һĻͬʧܿ϶ᷢϡ
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һЦڴһʧȡѵˣʧǳɹ֮ĸÿ˶Ӧȥһ仰Ǽ٣ܹһҰοĽڡ
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תȥϽܵܡ
ȻѾܵܣ˳̴æܻܵһܵЦϢܹη绹꣬СҰΪ£ǻһȥġ
ǽǶԣǱȽʧһգʼûдЦϢ˶ûие٣ʼЦģϽƬ̣һȥˡ


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찡շ˷ۣһ
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û󣬵ҲǹȥɣҲԪҵĵ̡̾ľ֣ش֮
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տǷز޳˫ȣ̾콫˹Ҳ־䱾ԣǣܡʥ˵ĻҰοǲҲȥʥ֪ͷ򵽽ƿ÷


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ղſһ֪϶Ϊ£μҵǷǳģһǳĻᣬΪԼΪԼӵǰ;ûԼһϽˡ
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Ǯһϲ˵⻰ЦеĪǺСʲôС
һЦо̸ϣҽλҪ̸̸Ǳļƻ
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յǱķչصһҹУǱгרһҹĵطרΪҹжģ˶̻ȻҲͶˣҹҲҪӵĳˣҾͲȥˣǶÿʱҽ˵ǵڶ㡣
˵˶٣ĿһɨЦŴҶ˵ԼǳȶҾԵͬȶĲȶˣΪĸֻѾˣϾôˣһ֮䳤˿ҲһҲ˵ǾϵƲ仨ÿҲôࡣǮƣ׼ȷ˵ǸǮƣȶĻұʲôҪûбĴڣоͷǳȶǱþӰ˼ΣѰȶʵһ˼룬Ҫ׬Ǯ
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֪ջһתҲ֪ҵǮͶ뵽µгȥˣгڽ쵱УǮһʱҲزһüͶǮͷϱȽϽһʱҲóôǮ


550 ٽ
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ļԵûǺԥǱ￪ʼŲһ꣬ǲ̫һ㡣
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ķϣЩͷˣû׼׼ˣµҾͲ˵ôʲôС磬Ҿһ仰ƻܹǴٵ󣿡
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⻰٣մ˿ãκη棬ܹһЩ漣⻰Ǳ˵ģʮ󣬹ƴҶƨˣ춼ûкڣͿʼ˵λˣ˷Ѵҵʱ䣬⻰Ӻ˵ƫƫ͵֡
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ٹǮв˶ԣɲһСĿֻǰĻ൱㼸ʮˣûͶʵһԽôǮ´ġ
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մ˿˿ڴûпգǻδһꡣ
򵥵һ仰ʱеĴ⵴Ȼ޴棬еֻǸжڻĶԣζľǼңǺܿͱƣ̾ʵҲһӭ꣬ҽոջЩǲŹҵģÿ˶ǳࡣ˵ţǸ˺һۡ
ҲףϾϣͷЦûϵϾǻᣬеǻᡣ
´ζһЦͻȻС㷽Ÿ˵ʲô
кЦһۣΪ᲻˼ˡ
ƲƲҡô˵ֻΪ±øӺһЩ
ЦҸһӺʵҲǷ¥Ķһж˵㣬ǹǣֻһ°ˣҷҲֻǸʵ
ߵ£ҿô񰡣
պǺǵˣԴأ
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Цֻǲ֮׵ദʱ䣬ȥ̸һŮˡ
ţϲɫһذɡü΢΢һĿȥֻͻȻƮѩϲѩˡ
̧ͷһǰѩˡ˵ţͻȻЦһǵϻѩʱҲʧȥˡ
һգҲÿĿԣһоڲС


жߵĳʷڵģһǳլۡ˵ǳʷΪˣլǱ˵ģԪҵġ
ΪбȽϽҹҲ࣬ǳľģԪҵˣפ͸ͳפ׹һ
֨ѽһֻլĴͻȻһŰŮӴ˳һֳţϣּһΪŮ˳Ԫĵŵĵ֡
ѽѩˡ
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ԪĵգΪ겻ѩˣ벻˵΢΢¶һĨЦ⡣
˵ʱͻȻͶˣǰ˼Ԫĵ̿첽ǰ̨¹ֵԪܼùá
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Ԫ£漴ͷ
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Ԫܼæʵͦùҵġ
Ԫĵ뷨һֻң˵ƻ֮飬ҲԪҵ档
Ԫ֪ܵһùðһæ
Ԫĵһۡ
ԪһϣùȥｫŮ˸ȥȵǵгٰ֮
Ԫĵ΢΢üԪܵ˼ǳԣҪסŮͻʱͿȫԪҵгԪĵŮ˸ĳԣΪΪһһϣ
Ԫֵ֪Ů˸ڹùõ壬ҲͷùãŮշ棬ֻ̹ùõ
Ԫĵ˼ΣĿϣͷ֪ˡ
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ԪĵҪûµĻҾȸˡ
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ԪĵĻңԪңںնƽ
ĵ֮ǰͶôྫ棬඼Ҫɹˣľ͸ô뿪ˡ
ԪĵЦɵˣЩֲһˣ壬Ԫκһˣؼľ


ڳϵĴڣһСԺд·еѩ趯
ʱԺˣһŮǴС޺籡ӨӨá
ǰйֵ밲
޺籡ӨӨҲʺá
Ȼֹͣ
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΢΢̧ͷȴǲƬ̣ŵˣֻΪТǺﻹ޷ԭµ޷ǣڴҪʱ򣬵ȴ֪ںδɥ񣬵Ҳδֱ֣һͶûС
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ԪմŹǷһҲû֪͹û뵽СϢͦͨ𡣡
ƽջĿˣһ棬ܶһʱ
ԪͻȻ¶һĨЦֻ̳ӣٿǿǣ
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ԪյԪضƣҸմҴ˳ġ
ƽ΢΢üվȥȰɡ
Ԫչ֪Ӳĵġ
ƽûдֱȥ
Ԫտ첽׷ϣϴޣһʫдǺã̫ˡ
ƽ΢΢һƳ

Ԫɤţеȥߣ֮ղߣ֮նෳǡ㣬Դ˿Ժ¥½ǣмСл巢㻳׳˼ɣ¡鵶ˮˮٱ⣬ɢŪۡ
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һʹڶʱɵˣڳ޼մȨȿѫ׹ݾͱŪˣοһ޹ʷģæĵ̫ξˡ̫ξˡѽ¹١¹ֻһʱͿ̫ξˡ¹һء
޼ŭ棬һ˫Ŀ΢΢£ǿϧҪ֪˾˴ģ͸ýˡĻ±ض汣һûɣ棬Ҳҽˣʱٳͷȴһٽˡ
ˣŭһһ˦ۣתȥڼգ֪ϣɥٰġ
޼ɵȵˣĿ̾һڣҵĽ飬һǾҲĲġðɣҾٸһλᣬأԲ֪ڸģϷƴһٷҲҪһųնʱҲҲ顣
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ƨӳ̫ξ
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󣬳Ĭޱ顣
͵͵Σʵ̽Σξ᲻ΪԼȥģұԷھ
ðΣֻһм֪ˣమˣȥϢɡ
һһĶ͸ˣֹҿǰûи޼ɸ棬Ҫ˺ˣʵһҵġ
һãȻˣʼԼһ徿ǴǶԡ
һߣͻȻ쭣ֱӽǰİƷˣϵɢһأ˫Ŀȼܵŭ˫ȭգ죬ֱ¶
һֹƣ͵Ϊֹȫʧܶգֲͬķʽȥ˵ǳ޼ҲֲͬķʽӦԼȥĻ޼ɾ͹ǲӻ̸˸飬ǻǱ̸
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Ҳ˵ڳҷֻһҷҲûʲôð취ʵ̫ˣⶼǲǹɻǴ󵶿֪֮ͦĺգʱѹûй£Ϊ׼ԼԱż٣һֱŵ壬ռ٣Ϊ涨Ҳó忪Уйţ㱱￪ţеҲӦġ
㲻˼ҿֶ飬ڽշսһڷ¥ڰһᣬ¥еԱϴéˣˣǮЩˣԱгμӡ
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ǽһһѪá衱Уֻһǣһͷţˣ滹ˣһǣһֻһǣһֻ
ЦɹؾһŬڶȱһɣսǶŬĻرôȻͲһһ齱ţһȽǶȽȽ֮⣬һЩСһǮҲǮͿǵΣ
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ŶһЦֻҶԣδһ£ٶڸ˶ʧˣôҾͲöԴ˸еˡ
ڸ˵ʧܣʵ޹ʹڻȨҲܾ޴Σ
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¬ʦԸ̾˹ҴƵһˣı㰡
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һ󣬷¥ʽݼˣΪ¥ĺܶԱͨİգǶūǻûؼҹꡣ
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ͬʱҲ淶˹ʺͽ𣬺սһֺõε˹ϸߵĹʣҲ˱ʡ淶˼ڣһһݣһգҲƶ˷ǳ׼ĽƶȣܵøԱһЩͷǲŻŬȥ
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ˮߣһյأȻҲѾѩǣǵ͹ĺڵ㣬һȥ಻ʤҲǱȽϻߡ
ڽգӭλˣһṫӣһӣǴţӦͶˡ
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˵⹫ӸԪεˣԪܣӣĵ֣Ԫ졣
ԪԵͷҪأҿǺѣҼǮҲܸߣֻҪЩҪòЩЩѾǷǳġ
Ԫҡͷʱһ֪ҴｨмϾ¶ûеõ͢ȥصʱҲҪԪҵ塣
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ԪܵŶУ׼һЩ֣ҪٶȽáҲ̫׼ĹԪΪǿĶ֡
ǣ֪ˡԪͷǹӣȻϾʵ޷ԪᲢۣǷСˡ
Ԫ΢΢һЦŵڸʱ򣬺ܶҲôģǱҪȡѵصޡ


ʱղ֪һǿĵѾڱϻˣڻں棬С֡ζЦǴѩ̣Ƿ¥Ļû𱰣ŮǼˣҲѣκϷҶԲġһѩ̼˷¥еˣǷǳġ
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ΪĶ붼ǹ¶Цһм䣬һֱʮһظôһĵҪڼҵմҹʼԽԽŨκһ˶жһЩ
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566 ɵ
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ʱҲ˹ֵ
룬ôޣҲǻѽؼǿڿ˵ǵɷҪٲֹĻҪȥ̫ˣͷûпãֻӲͷˣǳȵ󵨸ˣ֮ϣ޿䣬ɺͳٲݹֱҹ֮
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ŵһֹͣ漴ֳ޺䣬ɵΪҷԩѽ
Ͼǹٻ¼ͥʵʶġ
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գ޲ҡͷ̾Ϣ
յģһõġ


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ЦҲô˵ϾҲûоԵ֤ݣ֤ǽ׸ɵġ
¬ʦԵҾȥʱ뷭Ҳˡ
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æҡҵʱǳңҲ֪ô졣
յ˵ܻңȴ֪ȰдϢ֪ȥŻҲˡ
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572 ս
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ʲôȨ㳯Ұ
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ǱߺҲڽĵĴ֤ˣСݣԵ޾ϸʵ´ҲʣʸһհգͱֱӸְ죬ҪЩŪͬʱ޸յĴȫдУ׼һһ١
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޼ɵ˵ЭҲԤʾŴ˰սᡣ
ڵڶյ糯ϣȺԴΨɣô˰̫ã˰յо
οȺεı飬￪ļˣǰǲҪޣҲþգûȥǣǶڴɱ׵ֽһʹͬʱȷʾһҪ׽ס̿ͣûʼߣȻͶڴ˰ˣڷԱһһо
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޼Ҳ׼Ϊ֪ǲɱģǰƴֻΪ˱ˣΪ˱ʧˣضܵ
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˵˶٣ּ˵ʷ̨縺̨;١ӵļԼҪְһҲȱģʷѡҪ㿼ǣʴ޽ѡµʷةȻѡʷ򣬲֪λкõѡ
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⵹һʵ˼õΪֶԿʤֻ֡
ҧ㶣Ŵȣŭ䲻Сǲ󰸰ӸͿˣûǰ;ģЩ˲ܻˡ
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üһ壬˼ҪյĵλΨһ취
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ջص˯һܿʹĴԿյӰϾǰǽܶʧܣֻҪûʲôѿԴ
ܿͽһ֮Ժʰ飬ʼעڵµĹϣǹҵģѵӪǱߣܾδȥˣȥѯѵӪԭѵӪԪ֮󣬾ûзŹˣǳӵ⣬ʼѵӪѧԱܵһӰ죬ѡӪڷһռ١
֪Ϣ󣬺ǷĲ٣Ҳûд̾͸ȥѵӪϢգԼŷż٣ϾǼǰۻˡ

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Ҫ֪ʷȫƾ޼ȼ֮һͽ嵽ʷ̨ȻĻҲʸȫƾʷ̨ʮ;飬ټϿ״Բڴ꣬ŵʷġ˼ګⷽ滹Ƿȱ
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˵ںղڵڼڣʼעѵ棬棬뺫նԿҲϲּִͥǵĸоǰδеģҲ˽һָ顣
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ɺƵͦȤģϹɣѲɸ컹׼̲ɡ
ʵܶ˶츻һԴ˸еǳ־壬վﶼëȻ
Цڿһģǵʣ֪п϶зǳʣѵȸҷڶ棬һºȻеǻᰮġ
ľϸ˵Ӧþʷһ佡


594 ǿƽ
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һѧԱ϶ãȻ
ʵŴһ㶼ûнģҲԣɡΪȥĶǿȣһÿ춼иɲĻﻹҪ֮нҪΪţȱլֶࡣ
ǶһЩרҵʿվûҪϵͳԵѵٶȡҪһ˿죬ȻĻȥץС͵㻹ûС͵ܵÿ죬ˡҺܶӵȻǻȱϵͳԵѵ
ս˲ѵģ˽ЩԼ
һ˵ţһ߳ȥһΪʾһΣЩ˵ǹڶǣԺҲᾭˣһѵġ
⻰٣ʵ뽡ˣû̫ĽģһغմЩʹЩֹһ
һȻĽң϶ľͷҴɵԼʯͷɵģƤҲƤģǺֻܶ࣬ЩֺһЩرǽġȻȻĿ϶ûлеô淶;׼ҲѾ㹻ˣֲ뽫ǸѵɼС
ҲûкôĽģܲеɰЩģҲûйϵʵֻҪýԭǿȪˮȻҲĹ棬ֻҪǾͿݱܶĽʽһҲûкô㣬Ӹʲôģרҵʿԭǲġ
ڽǿǺоģһǧ˶ԣǼΪҪģǰ˧ؤ·ߣǾǳɹʿרҵʿٲҲȥСⶼҪ׳ģÿǰἯѵ£ĽǿǺ½սӳġ
ССһʮߣɳ԰壬Ҳڡ
һһչʾһʹЩġ
ѵͦϡģҿҲǳȤҿҲǺѣٺǷǳɡ
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˵ž԰ǰ棬һһٸ죬̫ˡ
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չǰһٸؼԪһ̫ˣ԰࣬бȾ͸ӿˣѶҲӦ̫࣬лԪˡҶˣԪӷľȫʾ
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̵ȣҵ˫ֲǷԺ󣬶ǷԴࡣ
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ϸָԪһ˼飬һЩС
ЩѧԱԭͦ򵥵ģҲôļ򵥡
ֽѵרҵѵʦǸЩѧԱϸĽ⣬ʵǷǳǳרҵֻ壬ŪˣҲΪûô๤̳ôȫţ˾ְҲû
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˵Ҿ͵ĬˣҵĿ볤һ΢΢һЦֵڴһ飬ʼҾǱʩյ¶ôʼҾӦֻаգūҲãҲգǶǰգǶڻʼҾԣǾǡƽȵġ


595 ҵĿ
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һѧԱɵˣԴսһƽȵĸ
ǿӶӵĹϵ
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ڻʼҾУӦҪƽȵģΪǶǱµ񣬻ʼҾ첻ר󰸵ģһ縺άΰյְ𡣾ͺñ˵ǰһˮȥȣʮԶһˮˣȥȡ
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յƸȨ


596 徫
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ԽʧԽ
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Ҳûа취ʵˣնͬɽʿ壬ĵ̿ɲǴġ

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ͻȻҡҡͷˣˣ۵ǹɷЩ۹ֵôҶ졣
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κͳ޼Ҳ΢΢üҲ֪⾿ǶԻǴ
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յ˵÷ǳãҸǷǳ޳ɣ޷ȥһԷȨˣһػһŶȻ𾴡⣬ΪͬҲػĩ꣬ʲôܣҶ֪ǵıڵʱȴܹһֳߵƷʣȨʹҲֻƷʵľŻһΪ룬ҲΪʲô̫ʥϻѡ񵱽£̫ξӵµԭ̫ʥϺ̫ξΪǵѡ񡣡
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599 ֵڴ
ֻ޼ɵһ飬ȷ˲ٵĸĽǹЧܴΪȨĻȨ󡢵Ҫϸִһ㣬Ҫʱĸıġ
ǺѾǳˣûϵôһģĿģҪıʼҾ˼άʽǴĮͰ߳һ֮ȥִʼҾܹһ㣬ͷǳοˡ
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ʵγҲǳγƳͬǣγһרһĻĹȣֻӺĻĳЩ棬κ˶ܴģǶĻģкĺĻҲĻڽܸıġ
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Ԫ̸ܽ˼䣬뿪ˣϾȷʵûɶ̸ģΪ˫֪Է϶ġ
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˼ګǳ׷ҲǳģΪҪģϲЦտգҿ㣬Ҫϼ
յǸһЩҪǲȾˣհɣպնŰݷá

˼ګЩźĿǰԳľƲ̫ϣܹ뺫նģҲ֪ĿǰְȷʵкܶҪŴҲûˣУһҪ޹顣
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˼ګڨڨǣĸ׽ѵǡ
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ЦŶ̸һЩ顣
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ѩӦһ㲻ˡ
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ѩһͻȻ̧ͷźգգԲҡҲ֪ôͲˣˣҡҲҪƭġ˵棬ʤѩĹ͸ŵĺΣޡ
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УǴ޼Ҳһֱᳫŵڻû뵽ǾȻΪȨԷϷһǼʶǴ޼ҵŷˡ
ͷоһʹؼµʼߵģ˵еѽҪʺ󣬱ȷǲԵģŴǺѵģΪɷ֤οǻʵۣȨ棬жԴ֮֡
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ü룬ĵӲҹʵɽ
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612 ȷʵΪ
һɽ֣СҰԣֱˮʵϲɽڣ޾ֻһֱּˣ˷ɽ֣棬ɿһô±㲻Ӱˡ
СӣæСҰ
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еðΣڴɽ֣ǰһƬԭɽǰͺߣվɽֺ棬ҰǳǰһƬͣ΢ݶҡڣĿ
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תͷһֻСҰһʮҰӣϻҧһЦЦ˳ָķȥֻϱһɽȣʢͷףʮˣУɼһӰڻС
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Ԫĵ˵ͷ
Ϊʲô
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Ů˸ģôȥˣ𣿡
ԪҵĶŮҵһжԪҵġ
ԪĵԪܹ֮ʢ˥ΪǶȥؼĹأľֻǲŽһģ˭ҲƻأȻĻԪҽһɢɳԪˣȻӵжԪһв֧Ȩ
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˾͹涨ԪҲƲȫӵУԪŮУκ˶ȨƲΪ˽УҳԪᣬˣʵǽ˾ƶȣȨ֧Ȩֻֿӵ֧Ȩ
Ტûκ֧ȨֻǹǮƣԱ
ԪŮ϶ȨԪҵĲƲƽȵģǮ㹻࣬ò꣬ʴ˾û˻ȥˣֻ뽫ԪҵĲƿøӳӯҲ˼Ϊȵ˼Ȼ趨ǰԪһ˶ĻԪҲӱˡ
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յȻ˵ƿԣ֪ǺҵģأԻεģұŪԭ򡣡
ԪĵбĿһۣΣʵҲȷΪ㡣

˫ۣϲǽ
ˣ˵ΪĲֶܺΡ
ԪĵԪҵĩʱڣѾﵽ˶壬˳͢⣬Ԫӵׯ԰ӵأҪͻǷǳѵˣԪҲŻȥ򡢷ɣȵΪ·;Զҷմջ񲢲ôࡣ
ǱҪŬҲһֱ취ͻƣֱֺҲֶ֪ǴѧģҾôпѧϰܶ࣬ټƺкܶ취ԭתɸΪֵǮĻҲѰһ·Ȼ㲻ӵԪôӴԴȴѰļԪʼҾǺԪֻøǿ
Ů˵ҰĹȻСҿ̨ˣĻ治֪˭˭¡ЦϧԪûġ
ԪĵҲ޷㣬ȻԪҳɷֻһ취ѣԪһֱŷǿΪֻҪвܣԪһġ
չЦԭѾζʩΪˡ
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յôģ
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Ц
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պǺǵйĵôû㹻ܹңֻ̽ҡȻ㶼ô̹ˣҲʵʵ˵ɣҪҾͲἱˣʵҶԣһϣܹҲκһǵˣԪΪС
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հЦ̽ң㻹ʡʡɡ
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üһǳˡ
ȻСҰܵǰҲ˵磬ˣһȺ߰
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613 оޱ
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ǺϾ룬ڿɲ˵ЩʱǱϽܡ
ԪĵɽȺû·ǰƬɽǱؾ֮·
Ƶ֪֪Ϊһˣκ¶øԼ·
ԪĵӸͲѥóһذ·
ԭˣ
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˼ţ׼͸ӷģֳˮһսľģϾǰ棬û˻Щ̰Ѿܺõ˵һ㡣


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˲ʲôֶΣ׾ԴԴûԴǽƭȻЩֳֽĲлת֣ԴܽпԴԴǿ϶ȲԪңҲͷ˺սķڿԴ档
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յͷȻ޼ɿżҰ֣ôװƣСҰгôĿͷֻ᲻أ

ڳԱʮһƬïܵɽУֻ󡰿ꡱ
һӳֽ߹΢΢üĿһֱעܵһһɽǰ΢΢¶ֵı顣
ֻɽǰʮʮʬ壬ѪȾ˶ڣʮͷڲʳǵʬ壬ˣʮͷǷ׷ͣĿ¶׹⣬﷢ͺ
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ֻɽ߳һˣ޹Ƥ磬һ˫Ͳѥӣţײ࣬ǵһӲݣȴһζЦ⡣


619 ǵĳͷ
ʮͷ׺ݵĶǼôˣ̹ԹԵ˵һߡ
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ʮͷǷ·ζһ㣬׼ˣԪմһ̧ǣɲǵ͡˵תȥ˵ҵ󣬾ͽЩĹͷǵȥ

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ˣôҶԣûκвǡǡΪҶģҪԸĻδЩ𱨡Ҵ㻹飬㲻ЩСĻҼ̣Ǻˮˮǳ˵ǰͷأԲϷŹңôҲֻܽ
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ʣգһÿǳ
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幫ʷһֱһˣû˻ԼĽʿѧ幫ȥֻ̣幫̲ģǣ־ڻʼҾϣںϡ
Ҳ֤һ䡰˹徫񡱵ĸԭ򣬾ս徫ϲˡ
ڴʱڣȻսΪûͳһžǵˣǶ˶սΪ붼ǹ֮սʱĹǷǳϧԼԸʧܣҲᱳ塣
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ӺҲϹһʱյĿΣǵõķȴԶ㣬տʼʱ򣬴һǳ飬֮һղһա
ĲףΪʲôһϿΣҾͶ־Ȼÿζڿܵ״̬˵Ŀȴˡ
Цʵܼ򵥣飡﹫Ӳ뿴ÿһÿζһĻ⣬۵ĹУһʾ֭ԷŻ̡ʵɷκܺý̵ģ﹫ȥ̵ĻɷʧȥȤ﹫ӾٳһЩİУôͻȻͬ
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յ˵ģҲһҩҩҪǵÿ㳤﹫ӺͶ¹ӡ

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СҰһ

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ԽҾԽģⶼѧϰġպǺǵ˽ҵģһģκ˵κһëû˼һηǳİ
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˶ܣֻ֮㻳ҡ
մĻǻɣǿ϶Ϊ̫ţȫûɱְֵҵټЩݣҸҿ϶㡣
˶ˣҲ֤йϵûоԵİգƲὫ¶¶ȥġаӿκһ¶пܴƽ⣬ҿǻһҲ˼ګѾˣһȥұ֤Щ˲¹𣿡

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ĿĻﵽˣҲ뵽⣬ʺ޼һߵģڼﻹһ޼ɵţ󹬺ܿԣ̫ˡ

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һ湫Ц˵սթһ鴫ѹִҶ˵Ǳġ
Ӣһ뿪ѵӪģүүѵӪϷһν߲߲
ȫûǱкԼֽ֣Ȼǩ˺ԼǾͱҪԼ£Ҳǽթģ治֪թĶʲôˡ
ЩӸ㶣漴ŷӦڰǱ
ӢߵȤ⣬ָû˵ⲻƭʲô
ָæӣ˵ɵýѽҵ˵ôԩˡ
ҷԩС̷ô
Ӣߵ
ԭǷǣϾһˣǶԷȻҲģǵҪԩһϣܰȦεͷϣʲôҲԩ𣿡
Ӣŭ˵ʲô
յѵأѵӪʱܰȦεˣ¬ӰˣȥүүԩҰŪΣŪѵӪҶ˼˵ˡ
ЩûвμѵӪĹӸˣ׷¶֮ɫЩμӵַŭΡ
Ӣһĳ裬ֱУӽƴˡ
պǺǵҪһΪеˡ
Ӣʣһ־ŪҲЩڴؼʶ˸ָ֣ʲôԪһ£˶棬£ֵѾر֤Լ

һ곤ĹӸסӢЦӢɱĵ㷢ŭģߣǿǴӮҲˡ
ѦǨӶѦϡ
Ӣ޿֣ѵӪ֣үүúûа취⻹ĵ̣ӡ
ղȥǣĿһɨ˵һΣǱÿһλˣǵ̣ǻϸպԼ£֤˫棬˵ҪĻǲҲԲ˻½⡣
½⣡ǵȻ½⣡
ѦǨ΢΢һЦһţߵʹ̽Сӵϣֱ¼ָ
ָûзӦСӴȻڵϣһ
ѦǨЦƹ鷳㽫ҿǮȫɻʲôԼŰɣһġ
๫Ӹˣ׷׽ԼͬС˳ȥƬ̣ضǣҪ󽫿ڵǮȫһɻ
ѦǨЦʼʹ֪ǷΥԼ
պǺǵþģˡ
ѦǨǾͷƹˡ
ָصĹֻؿڶʲôƵãЩӸ磬Ҳǰ仰ҲҶ˵
յλƹѵǮ׬ǻ׬ô
ָ󣬲Ž˳ЩȫȥǿǮûĿ
ӢЦСǮҴؤҲֹô㡣
һļٵģʶؤҪ˵ĻҾͽǱȥأſڶžˣһ֮󣬿϶Ǯ
ҡ
ӢҲ˵һ־Ͳ˵ȥˣֻǺݺݵ˺һۡ
˻ǲ٣˺һ
ЩӸҲֻǽšѦǨЦʼʹҵȾȸˡ
Цߣӭ´
Ҳˡ
ѦǨһЦһɹӸ뿪ˡ
һߣָʱС磬Ҳ̫۸ˡ
С磬ɵΪ
ǮҲ׷״ӵ˳ΧźձԹϡ
յλԽʱԽҪŽᣬǱ֤ˣһֻҪңĿǰҪ̡ǺβǶǮӦÿĲǡ
ָʵǿĲ
ȻǲǱˣֵôλȥ
յǷģһпģЩ˿ɲܴʲô
ǮͻȻǮ϶ףϸ׬ˣûʲô¡
ƹö˵ͷԭǴһ׬ģЩӸ㣬ǵȻѡã˭ҲȥףǶѾ
ָǿ϶Ǵ׬˺˵档
˵ҲЩһʵңӦøҪΣüƹƹΪ˸µȫ⡣
ǮˣȻ޻˵ˣһǲٰ
հƽ֮󣬻صŮ˸
һﲻźգ˫˸Ż⣬Ƿǳ͵ģܲҪǷȥˣǵõ򲻿ɡ
΢΢һЦǰ֣ǺǵģŲ˶ˣȵЩʼҾ֮ҾҪǺÿ


644 Ϊ
ܻҪģЩӵܵѹ˵ǺձҪģΪⲻͻȻģ˺ܾãԪֻǴʹѡ
ؼںյĳãֻĻǮһǾͲʲôţȴֲ;˺˹棬棬ֱҪЩ壬ϾǲѵƱؾͻɲɱìܡ
ֻڴ֮ǰ¥ӵеһǶǶһ޶˵硢֮ƺЩгûУЩӸ⽫ܿЩ̸ȴǳ޺ա
ԪҪгҪᱱһеɫƺԵöˣЩӸ뱱ﻮϵǶϣܹգ˵һֳĽ׼ϵ
ѦǨǲֻǵһ½½˼Ӹ磬ϾѵӪĹӸʵ̫ˣ屻۸ˣȻҲվ
ҲһչǮƷ
һѸ߳
նԴҲǷǳͷۣΪڹĴ
ĳ֣һ̶Ǵٽ˴ҵѣΪ˹ҲҪ챳ŷǮţ򣬶ˣǿͻⶼǺö˲ô๫Ӹ
ҲŻߣ۹ȶԴ
ôһ֣յļƻǳƲ
ΪģĹ׿գʹһԳ֣ǱＴա
ֻڱãȥòˣһﵹգôǮô죿
ɼгйȫǮһɻ⼸յֱ˼¼ԭеļ¼߳࣬տʼǼεꡢеЩݳƷ꣬ͼ
ǮǶˣһ׬Ǯ׬ôսľָоǵһس֡
ΪķԤʾǽʧȥǳϿͻ
جΰļա
Щԭ׼פСˣƵҪǸǽѣеĵѾˣԪǱԼгݵǵֻбǱȥҲ·һ׷Һգô찡
վһ仰ġң
Ҫȥźˡ
Ҳȷʵûа취ֻѡźա
Ҫжѡ񣬺տҲͲô˵ˡ
Ȼ¥ԣ¥սδʼ¥ѾӢ¾ˣ¥Ĵ󻨿뿪˻¥ʣ桢ȫĸˣΪĴ󻨿ͽȥˣֻҪԷʵǿô󻨿ۡ
Ҳ֪Ԫںæ˼ҼĸһӦԪҵĺ٣ԪҵȻøһЩͷȻ˭Ԫһ죬˵󻨿ʵͶԪңԪɽҲ±۸ˡ
ľܡ
ֱˣֱԵĴҪĸУöˡ
ҵʱ˵ˣԪҿǲģǹغյĸ棬кθϵΪҪ֧
Űɫ˯ڴϣɫŴŵĴźɴñĳ˶漤˵
˶浭ûйϵλգʱֻӵб
ҲûбҪһѽѱʲôȥ
˶һ̾ԺڵȷʵԤʧˣû뵽ԪҵʵȻ֮Ҳû뵽յڶֻǱ򡣡
岻Ŀһۣŭƫͷȥ
ķǳʵյĵδ˼ĺ棬Ͼ˲ͬУǼĸҲԤʾŻ¥䣬һԾ˵ٶ䣬һֽİ
˶΢΢һƳҲҪ٣һղ֣֤תҶ˽⣬ʹģҪ䣬Ҳõȵճ֮䡣
弤ô֣ƾʲô֡
˶вҲһҹ֮𣬼ǵʼʱͬҲû˿úա
գ˼ۣûˡ
ȷһղ֣ͻת

⣡
ĵ㣬ǵгû깤վͱٹӸĺ޻֮ôȥĻֻҪгһɣһնסˡ
վһ黨ϣϸԻԪĵ˵
ԪĵϸĵĽһУֱ߳һԵѾ̽ˮϣϴϴ֣Ӳ˲֣ͻȻڵǺգô죿
ҡͷҵĻֻܹˣʵ̫ˣҺղģҿʤѶ
ԪĵĿ˼Σ̾˿
ԪĵСĵ㣬㲻ﺫô
ԪĵбĿһɣʲôҿԪҪҲǰԪҡ
ǣ
ŵ΢΢ףֵŶٹǱ˵ŮջҪĵ档
֪ˡ
ԪĵӦһ䣬ͻȻվôˣıҲȷûдڵıҪ
˵꣬ͽȥˡ


¬ҩ̣
ۣѽ
ڣֻ֣С¬ʦԺ̸ֳ̹֣ӣ⼸ȥô㡣
ȥˡ
壿
վȵ¼죿
¬ʦԺǺǵΪһôҲҪġ
⵹Ҳǣ
յͷֻ˵һ⣬Ǳȱ˶˼ʮŬղµһô˭ܹмܼ죿
ˣʲôµһ˵
㵹Ҳǫˡ¬ʦЦҲʹܹϼ켸ҹˣģҲûˡ

ʶ
¬ʦԵͷ
һ֣ͻȻЦ
һ㶣֣С
һﲻΰɣһŹֵ֣С
¬ʦԺУЦʲô
֣ͷǱ΢΢һЦС磬ӹıеĶҪð
һЦѽԪҵĹƣ纫С̸ЦģҲҲڶˡ
̾˿εҪô죬ѵϴôҪӸɴһ԰ɣƭƭңһЩҲǼõġ
ȣҲƭˣΣѾܾûаˡ
΢΢һ㶣룬⣬ƨ˼Ҷţȥƭ˵Ļ߯ʹˣɲ˷ѰúȻȥƱˡЦӣҲ֪еıָʲôĿǰ̬ȣΪˡ
ͷô˵
ЦȻΪҲΪôֻѡ
΢΢ü˼
֣еͱˣԼڶӣѱ
ʵģĿĵȻﺫա
Ҳ֣ӣ벻ʵ
֣еҴСԡ
ߣѣò˶ãϲϻԵġ΢ЦǺãҾʵ˵ɣԪҵıʱ䣬ҵĵȷȷԪ޿κΣ˸̸Цʲôˡ
֣üѵʹأ
շŰ۵ҪˣһӴ֮Ͷʣ㵱ҷ˰ɡԪгû깤ּ¢ϵģʲô취ȵгˣͲô˵ˣΪг޷¢ϣһлõг˵
֣еͷмʤ㣿
һɣ
շǳϵ˵
һɣ
֣˫Ŀһ
¬ʦԡҲ¶ȵı顣
յͷԪңҼûκƣȫܣеУûУҲģ£Ψһģ²˵ľǡ˵ԼظңաԪûһգҲΨһơ
ôžЩˡ
ҡҡͷӦ൱ˡ
ʱһɬС˼Ҵ˽ӣүϻȥ
ʲôأ
С˲֪
¬֣Ҿȸˡ
¬ʦæϽȥɡ
΢΢ףȻС뿪ˡ

壬㼱Žֶк£
ڣһڰϣһ漴ʵ
ü
ֻ죬һ˵㡣
ֻ߳һŮԼĪʮ꣬һɫ
һ
⸾ǵʺĸףϡ
Ȼʺ游˼ͶκҲǿ˹¤ţ̫ԭϣһеģýһ
ϵһý㡣
΢΢üô
ϵϣܰýһԣܷȻȹһء
⡪
¶֮ɫ룬Բˣ϶Ϊҵ֮ʡ
ϰ͵ˣ㿴̫ԭϵķϣýһѰɡ
ͻȻֻǰʺԣûʲô˵İɡ
ô˵ʺλʱûпңټϹ˷ǳģͦصġ
ǲԸϾڹŴ̫ˣ˼ҲˣһԣʲôûоܾɣһµˣֻԼԲˣϣͻȻǰһ仰ҲΪͷðɣԡ
ϲϲл
ˡ


645 ʼ
֮һж˸ı䣬Լһ磬Ϊδ˿Ҳ˶Լʧȥġ
ֱǰ溫һ仰˼뷢˸ı䣬Աı£ȻΪΪ㲻ԼأԼƾʲôȥΪأ
ʺռһԡ
һصĴľУȡһĹ÷Сʺ֣ٸݹԭе··̻һڰԵͼһзա
յƬ̣ùǷžžžȡһѿ϶ü
һԵϼæʵô
عͷ׹ҡ
һ΢΢

ͻȻüͷǳģԤʾܻת
ϼæʵǿ֮
ҡͷ˲⣬Ѿǲıˡ˶٣ֵôҲĪҪ̫ˣʱʱģ˲ܵġ
󣬵ա
ģ˵˽£ҾƲκ˵ġ
лл
ϵͷȻ͸ˡ
治һϢ
ԭ帮ǰ˲ϵбѾһԴ帮ڡ¼Ϊ׵ǼᶨƵַ֧䡣ԷŰı֮󣬵һγַԳ޼ɵԭʺںѾʧƣ͢͢ҲʺһǳصĴ
ĸŮл֣̿ʱǶͻȥˡ
֪Ƕġ
϶һĩٵĸо
Ϻվڣü
˹ôأ
̧ͷ壬ҸоҵĽϾҪˡ
͵һ⡪⻰Ӻ˵㲻˵Ѿ𣿡
Ҫ¼ķ


أ
˶̨ͤУңȻ˫ѾϸˣǾտټأ
ͻȻȻֹ
ֻһ󺺿첽ͤУǵ˷Ͻȥһ̫ԭҡ
˶һ㶵̫ԭң
Ǵ󺺵ϵãҲϻ˼ҡ

˶һһٵ˼ΣͻȻ첽ȥ


Ҫ
ŴģĹ׿գִԷ·ѾΪʵһЩҪҲܵشñ۽̵ҪЩ̣ʼĿҪṩУǱ̸ǮҲϲǷ
ʵۺ񣬻ǳŵסǺܶʽתܵһЩ谭
֮ܶѾҡҡ׹
ƵĺգһԵ÷ǳĬûκ۷ôңҶš
ô˵Щ˻бѡ񣬹̾뿪ˡ
磬һӱʻ۹
˵ò񱾹ӵ˾֢Ƶãһ㣬ڳľ¥ϾҪҵˡ
Цϣߵһλ߲
߾ĹܼҼ˷
Ц۶溫գĬźҪƵá
ҲѰﶼѾҪˣ㻹һŽȥⲻ
ǱѾ֣дЭ飬ĿӵĲˣǱ㻹죬ⶼҪǮҲûɷȥǮϣϵ㡣Цƨɺߣգ֣ҿɲǺǵģҪǷڣ֣һŪ㡣
һˣЦŵУֻʵʵЦȥȡǮ
ʵͦ˼ģҲЦˮûа취Цô屡죬ȲҪ֧ҪѣҲ֪ѴǵЦǱǮĵط٣Ҳ̫ȫҪȫˣȡһٹҿҲˣʱҪǮȥȡ
ͷúúãã
ʲôã
Цһۣ鷳˼ҡ˵һĵļϣЦǿǹ۹ŶȥһҶ£еȥ˵
ŵһ£ֲˡ
һ۸Լ˵Цȥ˵ɣûµģ۹ôˣֲù۹档
ЦбĿһɣ˵ڰ㣬㻹ҳ̨Ϸ
ôôˡ
۹ΪȾ͵˰˼ګҲûչɽӼ˺ǣ˼ѵΪԭȥӪˣûڼҡ
һ棬Ҫ˵Ŀ϶Ц¡
սűط޵ɣ˵ʱһٹǮǴҡ
˼ګû˵ʹӦˣŶ£ǳһǮһ䵽ЦǾͼյ̫ˡ
˼ګЦЦǸĪҪʧˣҲҪ˵
Цٺٵ˵ǣ֪¶ģҪڳһҵ
˼ګЦŵͷ
ЦУֱֲ̾һҵˣǾʤ
˼ګҲûж˵ʲô˼䣬ȥЦȥȡǮ
ЦҲ˼ګƺл˵֪Ȥľʹ뿪ˡ
һߣ˼ګͳźЦգߵ֣ǳˡ
տЦֳɲҪ
һԵչɺǺǵһ㣬ϣҸԪԵģǵһˡ
Σ̫ƲˣҲҪԪԵĵһˣҪȡԪҳΪһˡհԲмȴίҪԪԣԪҪ鷳
չ˷ܵҲ˲ѽԪ鷳ˣ¼ָ
һʵ
˼ګͷûԪҷôȻֽ˶ÿ㣬㣬˵ǰջĽݱڴģҶʮӮ
ĽݱĽۺĸס
ɣ˿ˣôҰȱǮվȵһ䣬֪İ
˼ګûʱΪѽһ仰÷ΪеĴׯҲ˭
˵һ䣿˹ˣǿǿ䰡ڨڨغ񰮣ǡܳ
˼ګЦӮˣҲӣϾȷġ
ʵûȤյӮҲǺ⣬ĹȻ;ΪأⶫֻǸҵ
̸֮˼ګһɫգʵղҲȥҲ֪Ϊ˶Һ黹δ꣬˲ûгݴʷһְҴӦչɴȥݣչڳҲЩˣûȥˣ㵱˵Щ˼ǰ÷ǳеϸ˵˵
Ϊؼҵ£ݵĹǳչ̫ˣ˲һס˺ֲһµԿЩ壬µˣôȾ͵ùҵ
չЦգ㲻ߴͽ̡
ͽ̿ɲҵ
հڰ֣ʵֻҪһ㼴ɡ
չɺһ㣿
յͷ촬
˼ګչýһ㶡
̵ƣʼ¡
Цҵĸͨͨڵ··Զҵӵױȵĵλãͨ䷢ˮ·ˮ·Ϊ۵ҵ촬ǱزٵģֻҪ㹻ĴֻôϵĻﶼ͵ٴءȲ˵ˣһһʵˣô˸ϵǵĳԺסܸݴһʷ󣬵ʱݵİֻҪ·ӣ¶ܷƣݺܿ߳սӰݵİҲܸܿԣ
˼ګͻȻ촬ҪǮܻ͢ᲦǮǡ
һ仰촬͢ͲǮ㣬˭ǻʵ۰
ͻȻǵĶӶЩ𣿡
˼ګüйϵ𣿡
ϵˡ
Цеǿѹͷߣƾһ˸ԣǺʤ㣬Ψһİ취Ǵзֻǣһȥһˡ֪ʵܶжзǳֻǲδˣǷǳЩҲǮԪҾǴԼ壬ӿҵȥ£ЩϲǮƵĹ壬һȫµȥЩϲӹŵİ塣
չɵƾʲôȥ£Щˣ
ߡ
Цͨδ֪ȥ֮󣬾͸Щˣ͢ǳӽϵũҵҵϣܹи˽ʳͻȥһˮ·ԵΪҪԴȥǶ촬
չɺ͢㣿
ʱûСҡҡͷ
ǲƭôչɾȵ
ҵĿұ찡ҪƭĻҸʲô
ڨڨⲻƭֻ˵һˮ㣬λúãܱǿУغֻҪũɣҵȶҴƵҵĿ϶תϱߵģһ͢ҵſô̾ͻ𣬵ʳûд͵ĻǾͱˡӣһѵĻᣬܹһ㣬ݴʷǷǶĪ
˼ګչó˼
ϾƳһũĹңǰҲˣǴСܵҲũ˼룬Ҫȥũɣǿ϶ڻ£ǹҵһ׶ûС
ݿҵϱӪұúסǸӡּҵĻƱҪϾ˶ңնΪʧȥأȥ촬Ժܺõİǡ
˼ګһȷʵе£ҪôأҪôǷԣĺҲǰЩ񣬰Ѱҳ·չɣպսȥɡ
չɵͷǡ
ĿһֵһҪעһ㣬ҵ˵ĴһҪأӳȥĻǹƻӣҽɹٸ棬ȡӶƣ蹤Ǯʳ֤Щ˻Ҳǹٸһҵ˽ˣٸмܡ
չΪѵ˵ȥĻǮֲǹٸٸƾʲô涨Щ
ЦҪٹһܾͲˡĪǰѳ˶ˣ˶ҾΪٸѹȡɵģһǳõɣ͢Ҳ轭లߣһȥҪôҲûзԵɡ㲻ҪһζЩСҲҪŹۣγһ־ʹĻܶ㿪ڣҲ蹤õĴһ÷壬÷ںܶ˿һ漣÷İջȥ촬ؽͶС
˶٣ֵʱһжӰҴһŸ÷֣һὨ÷İ齨һ֧÷ĴӣһΪԼΪֶ֧ӵߡ


646 ǽ
쾵޽˺Ȼ˲ƣŪðǴ˺ӶйȴشΪ˺ͨ˺ӡƺӡӡǮһԸȫˮ·ͨһˣ츣ںˡ
ô˵ûд˺ӵĴڣξþô٣쾵۵ʱҲóй˷ǳܳĹףһʵ۵Ϊһ˱Ļʵ۾Ϳʼܳɹ
쾵Ǳ٣ҲһǳԶĻʵۡ
ˮ·˷£ˮ϶ҵͬС
̩񰲣ƷѾʼˣʱ촬ֻǾƲģϾ㽨Ĵֻȫͨá
ڵĹؼڣչܷ£ЩΪڵİղ߱ͨǶԸ㣬ûжҪҲ˷ɱǶֻܿЩǮ
Ǻյǿյļƻĳ϶ԣھǾթƭѽһЩеȥƭǻǮ촬ڽΪʵʵƭǺõģû˻ȥˡ
ոչôȥЩˣһżƲѣѾڣƵԼûΣ˼һ治㣬ҪϣҪ֯һǧŰ˽ѾҺˣ÷塣⣬ΪͨƣһЩĵƭרȥɽƭƾľϢͨ
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ڹŴŮʮѳ䣬ʮʣŮˣʮϾͼ޲ȥˡ
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Ǳ߳޼ɡԶԶǳ͵мȥ帮ˣ¤û˽ȺСආǶ֣ҪԵǻʵۡ
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Ҳ룬ǵƾʲô޼ɶǰ滹Ρ
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£漴ЦɼأһĿٸһҲŲ뵱ͽˡ˶٣ͻȻһǵ˷º󣬱ǲɣϾؼʱ򣬲δһ֮ȥƫʺǱߣټ帮ǵĳ֣ǿɲһϢþΣΪ˳ӵĴɰ
֣æòˣҲ뵱ˡ
Цɲܹ˵㡣
֣в˻
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¬ʦҲǵ帮ǵλҪְҿȹ˹Ǹӱ䱾
⻹ǲ֣ܲüͷ֣ΪǸӦԣ
ЦȻ㲻ˣҲֻһϸ£Ǽ¹˭
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¬ʦ˼νͬΪıҲǺ帮ǵ뷨һ
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֣еܺǳںĿģĳԿ϶Ǻõġ
¬ʦҲͷҲźղСˡ
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¬ʦԡ֣óִ֣ƽʱɽ¶ˮһСԺܿ֯һǳӴŶȥ£Ҽƻľʲôʱʼʲôʱ滮ķǳȷʵҲҪߵ츳
Զ飬֪ʶǿҪӵͻˡ¡Ԫһƫ·档ĶϤǿ˼мߵ⣬̫ϲȥΨó棬Сʱ¶ҲǴгıߣǵĴԡ
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¬ʦһ̾ãھڸʲô
죬ڤڤ֮У⡣


ʤ粨ȻѾȥˣǳõʼԽࡣ
ⶼΪڳѾһרŶԿ¤ŵǰһҶ붷ҲˣȻ⣬Ȼʵ⣬лʵ۹⻷ڣʴһ൱ļ
յδвУԼǽͷöﻹǵ£ԪгδɣѾŪñغˣһҵӦþҪ豱һ
ҶҲһա
˭ʤ˭Ҳܣʱ϶кϷġ
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ټϲٸ˵˳ºܶ˶ѡԪҵĺñĺѾûɶͷˡ
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ճƬ̣ǻԻΪɣģ£ǻѣǱҲ࣬ʱԽɫŵǻ¥ȥݣԴˣϾкܶ˶ûпġ
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嵣ǵһ鿪ҵĻһǳˡǱ˶Աʧȥĵġ
յͷҲԪҵļƻ
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ʵ㾿ûа취
ĿǰԡûСҡҡͷ
ϵļ⳶˼£ƭ
룬ұƭӣƭô氡


650 Ԫг
ɣľںôãҲûƭݼڰ
ЧǷǳɣľ֮󣬻ûפˣǾԶ˫ĺԼΪΪǣǼŻݣҲҪĻǾ޷ЩŻˡ
⣬ɣľųϢ֮󣬱гῪҵ
ЩС˼ɣľôӲ뺫ջ᲻ӦԵİ취ҲȷʵûѡǸϽפг
ԪҴլ
ӣոյϢǱ׼֮ҵ
Ԫ֪Ϣ̸֪֮Ԫܡ
ԪʵǺʲô𣿡
ԪҡҡͷǺֻܶ࣬ǴߴЩС˸ϽפоƺıΣȫڻ¥ͷ¥УԪҵĶ˵ǼûС
ԪƵⲻӦѽ
Ԫӣǲ̫ƵˣƾʲôԪҶ
Ԫ룬ûУʼΪղܾʹˣɺУʵҲ£ǺʲôоûеƵãһȭȥԷһ㷴ӦûУʲô˼
ԪֵӣǲǸͬһտҵ
ԪܵȻ˵òҲûзʵֻ󡣡
ԪҲ̷ų֮ҵϢ
аһϢ֪кϷˣԪҵǳԣǳűȥġϻرеڼеƷǷǳۣ׬ˣһزָϻһˣڴѽ

һ㣬ȵȵȣұŲһ㣬úúã
ֻЦվǰָˣԼݵһ¥ƹȥӽտʼ¥ˡ˵Ҳ˸еᰡ
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ЦŵһգҪݡָȥ
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ЦΪۻûģֵ֣ԪҺҳݣǻݾˡ
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ЦûûεҲ⡣
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˹ȥܵæͷ󺹣һӸݹȥС֣ٿҵġ
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ܵܰ磬Сˣ֪ʲô׼ġ
һ㶣ԴСӣͦ𡣡
ֺܵǺǵֱЦ
յæҪȥǱ߿ٹ

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С磬С硣
Ǯ󷽼˹ϽƨƨߵĴӵ˳̽С磬վͿҵˣǸô찡
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ɣľǮƹҲǽŻݷ𣿡
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յͷ԰
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һǮƹŻ޶ȵģԽ޶ȾⱾ׬ߺˣԸҲⲻ˼ԪҰҪԪҴ۸ս
ָҲҪⱾ׬ߺȣԪҲտҵôҲЩԲԪҰ
յڶԪҴôŪҵõг֮Ҳ취ԸǣԲԣ˵һǮ󷽵ļϣһָƼûУ
Ǯ󷽻ͷһһãȻ
յЦСǶʶģɶҵֵܣһֵôǿҵ֤һаաģŪԪгһҳ취ӦԵġѾʱҲû·ˣһ㡣ߣһȥгǱơ
Ǯ󷽵˻汻ոסˡ
ɣľòûЦźջǱ߸ЦܴܵԤ룬Ȼһת˵ŵˣƭ˵ĺۼ
гƣȫǺһֲ߻ģΨͼгĲ֣ŨŨҵϢΪطޣձÿһõĵط˶붼СΪͳһŵ棬׼뱱òôһ
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ˣ׷Χ˹ʰ˵ģֻһŶ衣
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һҹע֮ҹ
ٱ˶˯ţΪûһе׵ģǶջôһϣΪڴ漣

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յϴһȾ峿Ǻ棬Ǵһϣ
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⻹˵ҺѾܹ˺Сӣֻǰĵط࣬Ԫгˣ˭ȥ
һر벻Ŷѿ

Щ˶ȥﰡ
⻹˵ȻǸȥԪгǱߣԪгҵ㲻֪ô
֪ǺгҲǽտҵ
гɶȥģһҲûȤԪгǱߺˡ

ֻȺӵĹӸ硢ӵܷ׷׸ˮǱߡ
ˮ⣬ֻһԲδгдм䣬ܱޣӭչ
һľţϿһذϡͼԪҵĻ£棬·ľǺһһһţģǴ£⾳Ƿһͤ¥ܶ
Ϊڳ⣬ûʲô¥ƵģǸ¥ǳɡ
ʵˮ߲ˣϵȵ˿õ䵶СУҩУ۽ǣȵȣֻĿ
ĻǾõĻȫԪԼģҲȫԪҵģĿ˵ԪҳƷƷ
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ΤԶԶгĳһ
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ΤԪ磬г˾̾Ѱ
ԪЦΤֹˣҾ°¸Ūˣ˼档
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ΪԪҵƷȽϹѰҲҪǵ׼ģʴһĿȥ붼ŻεˣЩӵһǿҵĹС
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¬ʦԲҡҡͷԺնԣȷʵ̫ƽˡ
ЦɲԺգԹŽˣҪͷͱսʤһУɲǽڣҲ˶Ĵġ
ʱͻȻˣֻԪһ̳Ӿƣ˷ܵ˽ҼƣɶûմӴүүŪģصΪ׼ġ
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ԭԴӺպ˹徫񡱵Ŀںź󣬴Ҷת䣬ûйĶǣûıƣֻ໥һѧʣθˣǼ¹µģżپһ˿ˣϷ̫ȤˣǶԸ
𣿡¬ʦԺǺǵҵȥ
Ҳֺ棬Ҳû˵ʲôЦһ벻Ҳ⣬ҼǵǴӲϵ顣
ԪһһֱѵӪѹ֪£ⶼԪôġ
Ԫܣ
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ԪһͷҺҵ˲Ǯûи׬һǮԪΪҵȻҪ֧˵ֻˣȥһӣҲûйϵҵҲǴ¬֣岮ڸڼ䡣
ʵ¬֣ǵĶһǸԪг֪ҪӶٹâ
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⵹ûɶġԪһֵֻǾҲ˵ģ˵ʲôҴүүǳŭʵҲãרŪѵӪˣʲô
¬ʦЦɱ˵ԪӮƵá
ԪһʵѵΪջӮô
¬ʦ㶣ûҲҲǺʤ㡣


651 ͬʹ
ʵֻҪȥԪгһȦҲ֪һʲôϾ˾ôࡣ
ϿʼһЩɢɢӵܹƣǰǱʵĿͻˣҲܿ뿪ˣϾԾˣ˶ͰգҾǼ䣬Լöˡ
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ݵһ¥ϵİ̯ϣܵܡСҰ滪Сһ˫°ͣųһţĿ͵ǰſտյӡ
ȴǡ
СҰô죬һ˶ûС
ܼܵһСüü
ϰ߶ֱСҰʶСֵļ򣬲ŵС֣ģСôóԣ϶Եġ
滪Ҳͷܹܵ
ܵɥҵǵԸǵĺ硣
СҰһ˫۾ͻȻģǾ͸õģôԪһǺ֡
ܵһĵͷһӮġ

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һֻֻն죬öˣŻȾƵЦӣ㿴һ˶ûУ͸˵ˣſ꣬ںˣһٶôûˡ
Цˬ󣬵˵㶼߶һˣ۲ۣԽʱԽҪźգֵܡտҲ׬˲Ǯѵô˵̫ô
󼤶ֵֵܣôܻΪһ̸ǰӣɽǮգҲôãһɣ¥ļƻɾͳʧˡ
ЦֽˣҲ˵Щſˣһʧġ˵꣬뿪ˡ
Ҷˣ˾͸Ӳ˵ˣǰ滹Ϊ׼ʲô÷ӣһϲҲܱסԼһĶֵأҵһˣվ峿תһȦȻҲûгˣһϣˡ
һгԣֱǻԵĴ
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Ҫ֪ͲڵӬˡ
ٵȵȿɣĿǰҲûȥ·µǮҲˡ
ǵҲǣǰЩӽǮˣҲ׬ЩܰһЩӡ
ܰгЩС˿ɰǼֲ˶õġ㿴źˣ˶ãǾ͵ı·ˡ
С羿ڸʲôҪûа취㿪ҵҲ޷ſҵûа취ԸԪңǿ

̾ǽձɡ
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۲ת㣬ˣѹӲǹǮ
һ̲סЦ˳
治ɫҵı׼ֻһǲֻҪûжңǶǳɹңڿɶڳɹУҪٽ
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Ƕ༢ʰҪȥݣǻᱻǮӳģЩ˶ˮУȥϷǾ
Сո磬ôȥҲǰ취
ˣˣ²ǲģǿȥϷɣ¥شǲ˺ãֲֿģѵãֲʧȻϵԺ󣬵һҵĿ϶ҡ
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ҪûҧԼͷ⡪⡪
һߵ޷أһ
ղôã㹤ûѧô˵ֲƤˣֻȥ˵ˣ˭ôҲôһҪŪŵգôҶ֪ԪôΪ˺Լµһ˵ı
ΨΨӦȻ͸Ͻ뿪ˡ
һߣɣľʵΪʲôҪô˼ֻᵱЦ
ǾȥЦɣ
һЦ˭Ц󣬲Цõġ
ɣľǺܶҲûϸʣʵǲ֪ʲôʱ֣
ٵȵȰɣԪڣʱӲƴ֮٣ǿ䲻һƣǾûлˣҪжֶΡ
˵ţЦЦң˶ڴԪңǼ٣ϼ죬ٵҲģ˶ԪжôôʱһŰȥǾֻ˵һ⣬ǱֻҪܹӮôڹĴʵǡ
ɣľͷ̾Ҿ͵ЩС˶ס
յסҲöֻҪȥǽһƬ
Сո磬Ƴǿ˵Ҫ㡣
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̵ɣľȥɡɣľߺַԸ˽
Ƭ̣ͼ˽ɫԵЩ
΢΢һۣ룬֪ˡˡ
µͷԲۺգ΢գôһ˶ûУ
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µͷ
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գգۣĿǸ飬Ȼᶨգģһͬʹġ
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µͷ»ͦģҲʧġ
ԽԽͿ˵ʲô˼
µԭһԪĵһɫƣҾһأӮ̫ƯˣôңûӣҾʹѹ
㻹ҽڰͬʹ࣬óղûЦУҵҷ̵ġ
ֱҡӮˣΣŮʲôãؼԪܵʤ㶼ˣһȥʲôֻ֧㣬ֲԳͷҪӮǷһӮҪһ䡣
˭ˣӮԪĵˡѽⲻԸġһۣĿ͵͵ƳһŶˣ̽ûзӰӮԪĵӴΣʱȷʵûа취Ǹʵʵ˵ɡ̾˵ҲԣǾͬʹɡ
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652 δͬʣȹ
ܶһᵽˣ˵Ψͼ޼鲻ֻ̣Ǯ
ǣûдûпǵԵĻͬҲˡ
ͺñڵı
ǰշʱҶû˵ϣõһźƱѣǾǽƣɢҲԶˡ
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ܶҵҵգԭֻһǳСѣ©ƫҹԣӶ´ƣڹŵա
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õӣһջȸֻڶռɹˣԱгҲܵشΪҶñҪˣʱòҪ뱱κϸ
ڱκһ˶޷ϣ
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ԪĵʱҲԪгΪŮջÿ֡
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Ԫĵڡ
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ĵ㣬ҿһûа취ȻĻվӦóˣԽȥԽ⣬ҲֲסģϾ˿ɶǷǳʵġ
Ԫĵ˼ʼΪղԴеģ䣬һ㶯ûУ̫ˡ
ͻȻĵ㣬˵ջ᲻Ůж˵ѾŮ˸ĳŮ˷ƳǿŮ˷ˡ
ԪĵЦһµӣ˽ⲻˣæԾĹ
ŮձɫĻǹƱľͻֲ֧סˡ
ԪĵҲһ󣬰Ǽһ﾿ıʲô

ŮյڱһֱǱɫǱһɷǳҪҪܱҪܱŮգȻĻԶԪܵȻһͷϢԪгҲŮգһ˳ڵ¹󸾡
ⷽ棬ԪҲżƣΪõ԰ֶԪҵģŮ˶ϲ԰֣ϲͻȥԪˣںܶ೯س嶼ȥԪҵ԰ٰᡣ
ͬģԪҵŮոŮͬһա
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һֻʮŮ˷ˣûһǰ뿪ģôȥǾÿǰı׳ԪǱأΪе¹󸾶ȥˣкܶ඼ûҲȥˣϾϵڡ
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⻰Ķ˰أ˭ͬʹ࣬Ҫͷģʵҧĸ죬ǲڡ
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ԭΪս϶׼ģίⲻյԸ
ŮȻ˵ԼԪĵðңⲻµԸԸҪԾҪ
ֱгҵգЩǸϽҺգȻһֱûи𸴣֮ǰǶԺձϣģʵһֱŬ˼ʹϵⷽ棬ԶԪĵԸѾעˣټԪңԵøӴˡ
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ŮղҵճѾ׵˵͹ȡ
ԪȴɻѣĿյڸʲôһѹʲôûиɡ
ӣ˵ˣոԪ˼յĺ«ʲôҩԪ˵
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Ȼ㽫յıһΪϾɱѾŵĸˡ
ԪһϲǸһӴ˼ѽǮ󷽳̰ģһӦġ
ԪܵȻһЦҴʵҲǸѧġ
ԪҵĿĿɲҪµһҪճ׹ţ˺յծԪܵɱС

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ߣҪҵˡ
ǲĺԪҶƴʲôɡ
ǷôǮй۹ǮŪְöˡ
ҪĻòˣȥ

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ͬʱһЩԪҺͱµһ˵ĴԣֻЩԶΪЦʵǰһƾʲôԪһ
ЩϢҲ˱˵Ŀֻţû׬ǮˣտǷǺüٹᣬһкüǧᣬҪЩǮҪ˷۱
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ǮôϲС磬ģǮһȫ֧㡣


654 ҵһ
˵ԪܶǮ˷ǳУҲΪʲôǮ󷽻ôȻһΨͼǮ󷽻飬㽲Ҳܽôס
ǺǮ֧ģ̽ģǮӦ뾡취̽ĺʲôǮûȥھֻҪ˺һ˵ĳŵ
˵Զӵġ
ΪǮ󷽵̰ģӼᶨվںһߣΪðգȥˣֻ׬ǮѣܾԪңôԪҿ϶ˣûѡ£ֻиӼᶨվںߡ
С磬ǲ֪ҳȥʱЩ˿ң͸ҪƵá
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ܵһСӵǵźգҲҳȥ̯ˣΪЩҲòơ
ЦûʵҲͦƵģֵܴһģȥƳʦδֻǸеƶѣǮ棬ǿúܵѾ¶ģıŻǮͽеǮøգȥա
ϣƷĬ
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ĨŴ󺹣治ܹǣôˮ·ڰʱָϵԱͷǿҲ첻ãҲá
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ƵͷѾˣʱɵﳤǱš
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˿Ъᣬȥҳ̶

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ѾҹǾĵˡ
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һλݵĽһӽվǰעųͨţλǳ̴⿴ͷĳӣ𾪲ѣվŵĺյգ㾿Ҫʲô
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ЦһƷ¬һȤ
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ֻܳ־ͽ֮ơΪһ־ģζɫʱյƶ仯
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һɫҺ壬ǾӨ͸ʱȫ
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658 Եı
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һԵٸ׷̽ͷһʵᶼˣǾһƿûƿӴҲûкӣϵź˿ʱСոδҲ̫˱ˣƾʲôǵıǵҪôࡣ
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Ԫǿ϶ŪģгĻͲ֪ˡ
Ԫ԰гǿɲǺ⾭թƭĶ֡
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ҡҡͷɲڶǷģѾԼеġǮǲ˵ġŴ

ҷ׷״Ц
ȵЦգֵһֱǰ׬ȡǮǱǸõķ飬Ǳƣ˶ǱҪǿơ
֪һЩ˹һȻ󣬵Ӵ󣬼ҲǷǳɹ۵ģǱҪȡ⣬ҷһǳ󣬾ǵһǮĹ̫ǿˣΪȼͭϡ٣ͭҼֵߡϰճ˵޲ýһǮãǰյǱҪҪ󡣡
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ľܷźúЩַ׷ǰóһųԼ磬һַֽЩˡ
ǮһһСӶˣһ֣


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յͷǰĴȯǹǵԣֻܽǮУٶһǮؽ˴ȯʵԡִȯǿԶһǮҵģʹոԸѡһִȯңȯȹŸõ飬ҪˣֱӹһֽŶᣬϰŷϣԺԲƣԼĴʹȥѣŴȯΪǱµ
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յǿϸĬĬеĴȯǲ뵱еֽŲһĸоҷǳԡ
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ս͵ΪһȫµֽţרΪȯģ˺ĳоī֭ӡˢһĲӡȥģһҲͬоǣȯŹʱͼֳһر⡣
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Ҫһ㣬ʵ̫򵥲ˣʵиֶûóΪûҪ⼸㣬͹ܶˣЦܹƽһϵеİأĻǲִܷȯģܷǳݵıϳ
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ˮһֱˮڶй˶ԣǽΪйͷǳɾϴ裬ʳҲȽ嵭ζ˵˷ǳ٣ˮŷ˶ԣǾľѩ̿ŷ˻϶кģ˵صζˮǲеġ
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ķϣ̫ģ̽գֻҪܹ㹻棬Ըȥԡ


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òɵúǺЦ
°һۣ˻ΣСʵ㡪ĲϲͿˮô
ƭʲôģǧͿѽ㲻ѾͿ˰ɣš־ͱ˹ȥ
ٿĶ棬мһۣͿûͿŲ
տԼſ˫֣Ͻǿн͵պЩ
򴽣ǵ⣬ͻȻˣˮδ
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պǺǵĺˣˮŮ˷˭Ͳ˭
һ㶣漴ָźյ㷽Ŷƭҵġ
պһ˭㵱ƵãôԶҸһθĹĻᡣȴҫĿ⡣
ЦͻȻһδоȸˡ
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ðΣպǺЦҰοҲˡδˡ۲

Ԫұ
飡
С̫
ԪӣƿڴĭɣŪԪɬ˫סԼ
ưͦģ˽˳ȥ˵ʲôԪҾһ߲ˡˮģǵشһЩû˲ģʾһũ˵չԪһĹ԰
Ԫ˸ԪҺܹ裬һֱȥչ˵أδչũʵҲԪԪҲ׷¶ŭı飬ΪѾϵ£ǹغԪҵҫǹصġ
ԪĵæҪŭⲻǺյĹüԽô˵Խ֤Ԫûа취Ҳֻ¼䡣
¼ҲС
Ԫ˫Ŀһģʮ㣬Ԫĵ鼸أǽ˻ȥԪͻȻԪܣʵܶа취Ըգ
Ԫü¶ɫƬ̣ŵҲΪղƣˮ;ƶҪˮʻھ֮أԪ֮⣬ûжٹ԰ͻ԰еĻ϶Ҳࡪ
û˵꣬һµˮ;Ʋΰˣؼֽī飬̫ˣǹ塣ҾĻ࣬ҲȥܹõֽīĻٴܱܹסԼгˣҿԪҪѡһ˿
˵Ԫա
ԪƳԪգ䲻ȵʵǲ֪ɶʲô
ԪֱҡͷûС
һԪͻȻһӴҲ˺СļˡʱܶŭֻԪⷦҲֲܶҪֺֻܹС̫ˣŪôöʱǸӦȶģôŽǱȺ껹ƻһЩˣԪܣһ֮ɫ̵ܶģЩͷӿɶûĿ軨Ѿ÷ǳˣҲֲ㣬ܽΣԪһȫ֧㡣
Ԫһ㶣漴̵һôүүʧġ
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662 
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һֺȽȽ
ջֺգǱյı
ӱǳϣɾͿɼһߣһоȽȽ̫һ
ңһСһϡ
߷͹٣ȵȻŶ
ܲܵܵİ̯ϣ¸߰Сɫݡ
С磡
ӴǮƹ񰡣Ǯˡ
ϣˡ
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շ˷۵ҪһֳܵǷǮҾû
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ܵ˷ܵĶС˹ϣСҰǶϡϡ
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յ˵Ļûл̸ݵһ¥ĺ˵ݵһ¥Խã׾Խ࣬һǳǳԵĵݵһ¥ãǾͱҪøϾ¥ԷԼѽϾ¥Է
뿴е˶ݵһ¥ԷĻǾʹʹʳġԵףǾûףϵһ¥ԷӹףȻ㸶һ㷹Ǯȴܵõ࣬ǿɳеġ
õĺûڹжǮǮԣǮöòŻãΪؼһǰǷǮѡΪʲô˵йĭǾΪйķز̫ǿʢˣڰսǮͶ뵽زȥÿ¹һ֣Ūȥһ룬ټƽĿ֧ûʲôǮûȥҵѣɷزһҶ󣬶ҵǳήңôҵ϶ǳѡ
Ϊľãǰÿ°ǮˣͻʹҵٻţôҵͻתãΪãҪңҲǮڰʱвϵţһѭ
Ǯ󷽶¸ԽܣڨڨЦţת̸տҵȥˡ
ҲһΣҲûǿ󣬶һ߳ţһ̸Ҳ⡣
֮󣬺յС֣ǮƹҪǮŶ
ֵܴܵˣˣ͵ʱǳԡ
Ǯ󷽵ǿɲУǮһøǱյһָòͷһСͭǮݸܵܡ
ЦЦȾҵûȥˡ
⺫ղŸոջصԺͼһһӳűＱƷǳƴǵǮǶϽӣվǰΡ
һͼһȺˡͷ˽ɰǮɵˡ
Ҫ֪ǰﱱĶһЩ幫ӣǡǡ෴Ķʮģʮꡣ
ЩͷǲСѽǶ壬¬֣ѦΤУЩ˶δ٣ǳߡ
ǿɲʲôԪҡҲŸԪʲôӣ۵λݣǽԱԪҸߡ
ֻҪֽīʵǶûҲûǣΪ֪ǣҲ
ǵռԼĺīֽдʱòĶû˯þʵǾˣǱδҵҲõõֽī˸ţڱصð
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˵ǿɲ֣һˣǰһˣ⵱ȻС
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ǻƸϽֽīóݸ֣磬Ѿõģǰװǳªһûʱ㾫°װǵû˻Ȱﻹٵġ
֣õֽīѽС촽ͿŮƵãϸĺǻš
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ͬʱҿ˴˵ãǳŨʱʱײһ£ޣ⡪仰̫ˣɲˡ
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ЩɲˣЩûзɧ⺮źôܲӰ̫ˡһߵʵƾʲôǰ棿дкСӳϷҪú
ǿƹǱˣǶƣϽ͵ǱǸλ͹ӵǱĹӦܵĴλҲӵйĻҲȥţǻ˽ֽīϡ

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ǼģΪʲôѽܶ˶ûǵУӵС
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Щ峤Ǽֽīͷ¶±˴ı飬ǽʱֱҲҲڷ쭣бͱ򰡡
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ǰڸҵ︺ۣǮţȻͳһǮŰ
ѵǱʮǮ
ûа취ô㰮첻졣
ģԽԽˣֵϵˣϾ﷢˺ܶ²ƷǴҷǳȤģΣܿҪԪҿգԪŪЩǴҼֵ߲ģĿǵһسְ
С֣㣬㰡
ֻʱǮǰվˣǴҶΧǮţΧǮǰһǽΧ㣬㣬Χˮйͨ˾Ӷ࣬ǵĿ׷ſǽŵǼ̨ڴľĶ
һʮ̨ÿ̨ǰվһˣʵҲˣܵܡСҰ滪ǮǵĶӡӵȵȡվľǰ棬ϽһƤʵһԲ棬ʵǺͶ


663 
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һЩӾͼ˳һĴȯǮ𣬲һ˼ˣӣӣһˡ

Щ̽ǮСͯҧгݵܿԿʼ˰ɡ
Сͯ̽һȼĶ̣һ㣬һ꣬һ꣬ͺʼ
ЩӸһʱδӦߵǸȷӦϽ˳ȥǶΪܼ򵥣ʵҲɣһûӹǽǵ˹Ц
ҽˣҽˣƼûС
һӸ˷ܵıQ
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ԶԶԣ
⹫̿Ͷ
һԵ˼Ͷô𣬶ѾˣѰ˼Ŵν⼸һ
ܿ죬һˡ

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˫һӽţۿҪˡܼܵæվλ磬ҡҵһ֪ɷ񣿡
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ܵСǽٵ˼Σ
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һȤζҷ׷ױңһӾˡ
ŪͶ޷ǾΪǮƵĴȯκƷ¹ܺòãҪҪȥʲôǿ̸ȯȻͻеĺô

⻹ֻǱɽһǰˣгһͷҲŲΧֻۣʮһĺӣССĹ׼ŲԶļͭЩͭ涼һСǺյ·ʱδ꣬ĽΪƷ͡
Զ׼˭ˣ͹˭
һвٴ˹Сϣϸĵָߡ
⻹ҳԼСһΧۡ
һҵǰһЦǺǵǰһС
棬Ǻմˣרġ
ʼſż֮£ȷʵ˼ҡ
վͰ⣬ƾƾʵ㶼żңβоרһضĿͻССרõĹΪƳǺģǱѧĿΣĹץסһ˵ģͲóˣǳ֮󣬿϶ҲԼСҲĹ
ͽƼЩҳҪϽԼС
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֮⣬ĵҶǲȡֲԣвרһضȺСŮˣˣԼƷΪǵĲƷЩ̼ҵĲƷҲ㻵Լɫ
ҺջҪһҪȡĵԼĲƷϱҪԼĵ
һڵһȡ˿ǰĳɹ


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򣬶͵ġֻҪȥǮŰһǮžͻһɫ

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ҿɵȥŪһ
һغոϸ˹ƶȣ뼫ߵĴͬʱҲΪͨϵ˾񷢻ӵ˼¡һ仰ڱǮǴү


ٵĹ壬ķıǰʱƼһƽһľǰʲô˼
ǻƵǸѾˣ͹Ļ
簡
СոԸһֻô࣬ǱǸ
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⡪ûСոķԸ˭ҲܶЩֽīǶ֪Щֽī
ϾֽīޣһͲƷ̫ˣҪƣһʱڣܽеĻȫǺ־˱Ȼʡŵá


ϣԭڹӰʧʧ
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⹫Ӹڳɣǵ־ҲϿͻˣʱڹӵܵƱʱδ룬ںѹϱ
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ҲڱûʱƳǿ֧ǱԺղŽˮġ˵ˣﶼҪˮҲȥƳǿҪûˮˡ
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ͷԵģԵģֻҪǱǮŵĳĴȯǶգһǮûɶ
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ڳɵҪ֪ôĻҾͲñƥˡ


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ߵһֻǽȫǹһոµķΣǶ̿£žʹģķǳ£ЩԱ̫֮ˣҴҲƯ
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ƺ׼ķǳ㣬ΨһľǲֻڵȣҼǮǳҲΪֲĲ㡣
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ǰ洦ڣ˴Ҷݵһ¥øʮ㣬˼ҹܱһˡ
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Ԫ΢΢üҲյĵطûа취ֹĺ
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Ԫܵͷ漴ֵٰŮգҲûа취
ԪĵЦҷǳ˽⺫գǳϧǡŮ֮ѡţֻҪǷųϢ˵Ϊ׬ǮѾŮˣͬʱپٰŮգվͲòٰŮա
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ԪĵѾǹغԪҰһ䡣


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˵ҪôǼūҪôǶ̹ڹҵдڵʵ࣬붼Եũƴڡ

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Ǯ󷽽ǵѵСҲûа취
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˵һʱ䶼Ǹȥҹгǣ˺󣬱ϾҹгǾô
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ңΪֽͷĻôҲǹɵ飬һַǳƽ񻯵Ļһ̶ϣҲ˹ľ롣
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Ԫӳһ⣬عͷЦǺǵһίˣǷһ顣


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Ԫǰ㣬ԪĵһǳعŮˣǼĹҲûжһ䡣


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̸˽û˻ͬҪ̸棬ʲôǹ棬Щûصİıǹ档
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˾͸ӲҪ˵ˣЩ壬ȻΪԼǾӣԼĶ־Сˣһ룬ĪľԼ߯ίˡ
ҲЩˣ⻰˵ȷʵһǳֵӵ飬ҴδǶСˣʥ˶˵̹С˳ݡʵǣСʳǣͷҲɣҲɣ͵Ŷɡ
ֱͷģЦ˵ǳӱҲ֮άأ
þ֮ԼȥԼСˣɷǿԣӵ档ҲԼ
ɫ΢Խ䶨ΪһʥľԼԼҹɷԼԼⶼΪҳƵԭ򣬲ڳšңڳ⣬Ĺ涨Ҳ٣ڲκιϢ׷ֵծ⣬ٸԼδ̫ĸԤȨһ㶼ǲȡͣ˽ºͽ⣬ٸоˣҲ˽ȥ֣ǹٸǿƽ룬ҲɷԼûйԼԣһЩֱǮｻ׵Լ
һ˺뱱ͬ˵һݺͬм䲢δ漰Ĳһͬĺͬ˸ֽڣͬɷԴ˲δκԵұˣҽҵһеԭ򣬾Ϊ˱ǴɵĺͬһݺͬǲɷЧӦģٸ΢ֻ΢θǺΥԼܵǳصĺҽǿִгĻôǻô޼ɵΥԼ
Ÿ˵ķǳееûж飬ʥ⣬ǻǳɷģɷдĶô£Ϊغǵ
շ̣ǳķۡûа취ѽΥʥּ̫ˣų²ߵġ
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⻰߯ˣӺӵ棬ûؼڲˣǾСˡҲ˵ֺ֧սĶСˡ
һΪ򣬵Ȼǿ˵ԼʱĽ顣
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ȻһȺվʾֺ֧յľԼһĿɨȥʿǿΪԼǾеľӣôӵԼѽ
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νӰƣȡ֮еֻС˲Ż̰ͼˣƭȡǮơñ˵̫ξ٣¹͸̫ξһƿˮΪҲһ顣̫ξȻǾӣô¹»عʱ̫ξһһݵȼۣڸˮ۸Ǿ֮ĸС˵Ļ˵Ͳˣһ鲼ҡʥľԼǰǱҪӾӾ񣬶ӾͰڡ


683 ϼѡ
ƵƵͷ˵ǼӱּеҪԽ˷ֹթա
ʵᵽʥľԼԼģŵһۣҲԼһǳݣԼƶȡ
һ˵Լǽڵȼ۽棬ǵȼ۽ͲзЧӦͿ϶ɷЧӦñŵһͷţ㷴ڲĻҲΥΪⲻǵȼ۽Էûиʲô˵Էһţ㲻ĻǾΥˡ
ɼ˲ٵĹ档
ԼҲһսҪ档
Ϊԣû¹˭µľǿȨҪһԱȽϹƽľһŵĻгŴΪ
Լʵһƽȵʶ̬ΪǩԼ˫أôƽȹϵҲãҲգҲһֶڵȼƵĳ
ԣö֮ǿ϶ܵǳǿҵĵƣΪ˺Ҳǽʾ֭ȥװԼ
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ΪĴϣټ֮ǰĵĹϣ뵽һǳɣǾǾ֮ԼһϻĻԼҲ㲻ȫһףǻԵ÷ǳΥ͡
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ΪͿʼᳫ֮飬ԼΪӣǹ塣ǣ͵ţھάӵ档ôһԼʵ˭ΥΥʥľԼô϶һСˣΪϧӵĹ壬Ϊ˿϶ǳò
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ҵУͬ޷֤˫棬ôҵԶǿȡᡣ
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ⷽҲԶԶսʤԪҵ档
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ΣҪе̬ȣԳд󳼵˽⣬û˻˵ʵҲˣġڿʼʱһֱڵټҪõεͬ飬Ϊд󳼵̬ȣǶεһƣ˵׺ˡ
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684 
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Ҫ˵һǿɣôȷʵҲΪԼΪû̫ϸ
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685 û
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߳ĴǣйϸʥľԼһǹལʵ̫ˣúܶ˶Ͼ˼պƵͷת򡣶ԭֻǴ㿴ֵģû뵽ֻݣǱҪϸʥľԼԼס
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˭Ҹ̫վһҲŪƳԼĴڸУǵΪǸ̫̫࣬ˡպٺٵ²ǳ˵̫ô΢ôһ֣ϱµ⡣
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ʵھ棬ηѾ뵽ˣһڣȥѹƹ壬ֻû뵽ʥľԼҲĪϵ˼ΣЦ˼ĻͦԶ𡣡
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ȻֺɣǮŵĻԽԽ٣ȯԽԽ࣬һգǮŽ޷֧ȯʹɷҽʧȥһУԼҾôǳ͢͢ʱ͢ͻģӡˢִȯû˿ֹ͢㣬ô°Ϊѣʱұػѡּܾ֮͢ǰһὫһжġ
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أ΢Цʵ˶ԣǲȥкͱΪУǱǴŴơܹ͢ģΪ˽ⳤµгڱһó׽ᣬУǱƽգԽԼĻõչеȻҲ򡢷ɣެȻ໥ȡٳɸĽףһ͢жʧӣֳܱҴƵķٲʢ

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ⶼΪԪκͱͳΪ޺壬ǲιҹӭͳߣ׵ˡϲԪˣΪеǹбλߣΪ½ɽģùԼڣԲϴѹɽʿ壬̹йڳеҲڵ¹¤ųԽȨҪԭڡ
ԪҲڹǮԪܷģ޷ƿءԪ꣬ĸݳ޿֧֣ЩҪڳд󳼼ʱԪҾ˽ṩǮϵİԸҲǱԪҵĹգԪҵǳУԪҵĹϵҲǳá
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򼾴һϲԭô档
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ǽʲô쵶ն顣


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նԴûж̸Ҳûж̸أһ˵ǵٶȺҪǴȯʹãŻǱҲ˵أ֪ǶԴкο
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мҪǿȣҴ˽ʶȯǣܺñϵģԣյٵģֻǲСģǲ⳥ģ˿ǳӽļٴȯĻǻеһеʧΣһ뻧̸ڽǮţôҸӷġȯҪֽīģһƷԣбÿ֧Ǯʮᡣ
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յͷڱصãûпǹʧܣֵǴƺԼμǣڴƺǱҲǿʼûãǸϽ֯μӣʵڲУɳԼҵĸ˲μӣֻһҪ󣬾ǲ׼ĸμӣҲԼдģ˭Ҫĸˣͱ⳥
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ʵЩҲνֻǽ˷һǿһûиԪ˵ģЩǽͷݿɾ͵ÿˣЦǺãμôһᰲţ˭Ҫȥǵ˵μǵĻǱ̸Ҫһĳ͡
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ͬõϴҶǴ죬ֻѡ
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ʵֺͬں־թƭֶԣǼֱķëľΨһյģ̫дݺͬʵ֣ддġ
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һصͷĽյڻϵ署豱˼İȫкԺУǵ･ΪǳгףС
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ЦԪҶǶԣǿͷϹ񫣬غǱ档ΪԪڹеСӼȴУżߵǴԪҵϢЩط˶мϿɣʱȥ￪г谭СҲŪԪңҲŪ壬ֻ˶ǱʵϿɣȻܻЩСèСֵǡñȼĸȺˡ

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ײĻΪڲģоԴ˵ȻǳˬֻеУҲöֻšɽʿȴֻϾذϼʱ壬ǿɲһɵģǶԴֻǱʾӣҧһë
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۽ۣ˹ǧͽյĶ֣涼˱飬Ҫ飬ƿʮӣʮǮ㹻һˣҪǾô࣬㲻Ǿˣȥ飬޼۵İ
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˹ǶŶ˸ף˼ǣƾƿˡ
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ЦҲУǼǮܱ䣬ȻѾͷͱ뽫Ǯάȥ
ǡ֪ˡ
˵ǮɣľԵü˷ܵЩʳ˻ǮƽǶԸ򣬲˵ǮʱҶŻˡ
պǺǵû޴ˣһֱãɼǹҶǷǳġȥ͸ǹҵĻңȻõͣ˵ǼӹٽһˣٶǮҲģһǧƽʲô
ɣľֻǴѧʰ
ֻ֪ʳ˺Ͳ˹˵£Ͷ϶һؿ϶дǮƻǰΪжϣŻ̸ôߵļǮ

Ȼ˹ͷɣ˻ֻǵһˣ½½иǰ¥ݷãެ»ޡͻʡ߾ȵȡľ͸Ƶãš
ǵȻǳŷ¥²Ʒġ
ߵˮߵֽī
ó׽ỹδʼ¥ó׾Ѿȿʼˡ
һóĿķǳȷǽѣΪԺչó״»óóҪľʶϤһأֻҪˣʶ˶ˣóĪİ˺дҲǷǳ飬ǳˬÿ˶͵ˮǾƾˮļ۸Щͳȥһӣ׬˻
ǵûз˹ôļǮʵ֣ƿƿ
ɢɢеˮѾˣؼڻ٣¶УԶʤκһϡֽīĻտķǳϾֽīļǮû̧ȥˮһôߣдȥЩţһ첻Ͳϰߡ
Ҳչ򣬺һҿ׬ǧңٶȺɨó׼¼
Ҫ֪⻹ںջԴѷ£ҪǻԴĻĲˡ
ⶼַ˹ûпһͷں˶ǳÿض˵˼ҷ˹ôߵļǮҪͼ㣬˼ҷ˹ǿ϶еġ֮⣬Ҫ־ȥַ˹ҡ


գյó׽ڿʼˡ
δ֮ʱδ͢˿ʼˣе˴ԼĻ˱
ֻųɵȫţֵ߷һŵĳгǾгֵó׽ĳء
͢ԭֻǹ涨ڱʹãû뵽ر࣬ʱƽ⣬Ϊ˹˼ԼŮ֮ѵĳƺţҪΪŮгţмľ
Ϊʲô̶ˣҪΪЩлˣˣ㱱Լҵ̯θУ˭Ӧе˿϶ӦġԺվ͹ر˾ųɵĵţҶȥ̯Ψ֮ݵһ¥ԱгǮЩ־ԵĽǿŵģϾűĻ𾡹ҲþӪһ¡ӡ
֮ʱվڷ¥һĿȥĿŵƷŸʽεˣӦӲϾʮ׳ۡ
ݵ峯ΨƳܹ˹ģȻƳҵԭ̬ģԶγγܱȫǿңЩ˶Ϊγģܶ˶ΪɹġƳĻǿʢģƳģûκġ
һĺġެʹõƵʺܸߣһֿŵĴĹѾγɡ
ټϺսƷӵԵ÷ǳ׳ˡ
Ǻеĺ棬һ֮󣬳ضȫ硣
ʱƽѾΪ񳤰˶
䶯һʱ
ĲûԤϵôĳ档ȻһжΪʳ˴̫Ļ


699 ūг
˵ĽգƳó׵۷ʱ̣УĲҶѤĴĽ𱭣ۼѩ׵ޣµĵƷƤ󵽵Ʒﶼܿõ
ûǮĿŶȤ
һʴегӦеķ緶ҲĵطÿһƳնΪ
ףǽĺţβôô٣
ǽ˺ܶţβֻģҪĺţβҪȥ¥ǱŶ¥ֽެġ
ެģǺǣ˭ȡ֣
Ƿ¥ȡġ
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ͲͬˣҶֻҪóԼƷ̯λϣһۣչҪĿˣˣȥ¥Ǳ̸󸻼ֶһ飬ÿ˵Ļᶼƽȵġ
ڽЩˣҪôˣҪôСˣָ󡢷˹ǮЩ˶ȥ¥

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ֻܵܽһкԼǰ˷ܵĳСҰ滪ʵ
СҰͷÿ
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滪ƵС֣ζǶȥǱˣǱߵĳߵĻҪãǰô
ܵգգ۵ŶԸҲ򡣡
滪С֣ǽЩóԵĻȥɶģͱˡ
ܵܵУȥǰ濴
տɲһСˣ¥׬ôǮǴҵĹͣŮٹᣬȥһЩԵģңлЩΪҶæֻɳ˼ܵܡСҰ滪зζŮ
ϣԸͿһǳĻ飬ôǮ
Ϊչ涨ˣЩǮˣǮģΪЩ˶ǳڼǮǾʹˣ᲻ãһŮ˶ЩС֮֬ģеͳһҪԵģЩ

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⺫ոոճ˷׷׸кֿȣ⣬˵ǳˣǽϡ򡢷ɣ˶ǳŷ
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ЩӸ翴ˣΣѻ˵ôֺƤţֿԡ
ҲûдǣûпһֻۣǺһЩ֮˴кѾЩ˵ĿˣֻҪãǹ˵أԻῴ㲻𣬼ȻˣǾ͵ʶ
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˺׼еƵĻӦתͷһ֣УЦ֣ӣҲˡ
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֣˷ܵ˹źߵһߵĽ棬ǵĻտܾͻȫ꣬кüǧᡣ
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ټϺյһЩһެУʹ˵ˡ
·ȳй˶٣ԼʱͲüãؼƯô·Ҳл
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ǵ֣޷һ׬üǧᣬӺˣԾľͺǺЦС磬ȥˣˡ
յҲٵĻⱱͿˡ
֣һ㶣漴һЦС磬Դ֮Ҳ֪ʲô
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Ц׬ǮǾȼˣ˵ˣǾͻҵıﹺһѭ
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֣в·ôأûãΪδá·еôˡ
ǵ͵ľɹֵۣڼ󣬲˷ѣ˭ȥͣ赭Դ⣬ǵȥԪ͡
յͷЦ˵Ҳе˵ʱȻĿȥǲ¬ô
֣жһƣֻ¬ʦվһҩĵ̯λǰ˵ʲôӦּۻۡ
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յͷ⵹Ҳǡ
Ҳûȥ¬ʦԣֱǰȥһƽߵһ棬ʵƽǳ͢ĵأ˱ó״ᣬս仮Ϊרġ
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ѰȥֻǰվŲˣǴ绪ĹӸ硣
֣΢΢üȥĵطɡ
ұȥҿѲģܷŹκһ䡣
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Ǵ˵еū
յȻ֪ģʵǰЩԷԹﷷūΪͱĻгͻ
ûа취Ϊūǿ׳Ը˳ǹϲūؼҲǺϷģҪ֪ūƳǹƷˣÿݡһҪū͢ģԺҲûе׼
Ȼūг쳣𱬣ҲΪʳţ˺ū
ȻԲͬĵطصūԶǵѱΪūΪƤǳڣƳɵɵֲԶƺΪū
ʵƳҲū澣ƳԼ˿̫٣ﻹԸūǽū
գۼʮū˸߼ˡ
ɼūǷǳֵģūԶū
СҰЩǺÿ
š
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С֣ǮʲôǶ̶ãɱСĺ㡣
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վڼСһĺգǿЦãܵԴ
ܵתͷ硣
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ܵбԴ磬㲻ͦ𣿡
յͷЦ˵ĺܶԣǵȷǳǣɲڰǣΪ֤мֵģôͻи˷ǣҶĻǾû˷ˡԲԣ
ܵգգۣƶǶһ漴ͷԣǲӦǡ
ȥҪĶɡ
Ŷ
Сһߺ󣬺֣ȥϿ˿ֻһЩܼҴӴһЩŮ澴һ˳
ڳūгһǳеĻǡū澡
ǳʰ뵺һңǹҵزڷӶɻһѺ֡ȻȷӶҪƯˡ

֣вɵó̾һ
Цʵôô
֣еѵúһˣȴͬһ׸к֮°
֪һ޷ı䣬Ƿǳơ
յӷ㣬֪֮֡㿴ҲǳûǲѾˣҲǿһõĿʼϾŲܿϣ֪͢һЩūŵ棬гһգս˵пܵϽ
֣еȻˣΪβЩȥ
տЦҵҲ򣬵Ƿ¥Ļǲū澵ĴڣǻȥǵūʹӰǷ¥ĸôĻһûǳľѵӪһܹ˵ˣ̫ˡ
֣£漴̾ϧֻһĻһ֮ĻǱˡ
ЦЦûнӻ


700 ɵƯ
յȻһūӵߣȻûжʲô飬ľһ޼֮顣ҲΪǰľһߺʵߵۺ壬Сʱ򳣳룬ǲпʵһδλ룬ˣδԼ룬ʵȥ׷Լ롣
ūѾǿ͹۴ڵģʷҪһ̣κһ˶޷̸ıһУΪҪıһУҪıණҪʱĻۡ
Ϊ֣һԼģβһ̹ȻĿȥһС
֣תһ˴к¬ʦԣ֣о͹ȥˣյûйȥʹпɻԵ״̬˭ҲԷ
ңкܶҪ˷ѲҪ˽ͷó׾ô£
ΪҲǵһؽӴƳóףкܶණףЩҪгѰ𰸡
⼸ȦûĿĵĹյϢ
ȣνóףڸ֮䣬ҲڻУΪƽʱ˫ǴưգƵľýṹȻãҶԸ㣬еģҲУ㻹Ҫ࣬ͺѲסǴƵƷûеģͼ˽г
Ƴóף˿񼸺Ҫռó׵ɣΪ嶼˿Ϊ󣬷ǱߴеһǷǸǿ϶ģǳ󣬲Ҷռ˽ɶֻ࣬ռһɣռһɶࡣ
ԴƳڵļ鱦ʯҩġƥȵݳƷƷκζ
ͬЩǴƹġ
ûͳһĻҽףǻﻻ
ȥ⣬ƳԼó棬ȻԼĹ壬Щǳϲ鱦ʯƷʹ׬ȡмͬģҲˣǷ˭᳤;Ǵӳ˿Ը߼ԼҵĻҹ塣
ȻƷѾ볯͢ˣƥϵƥͺ٣붼ó͢ˡ
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ڹ۲ϵĽʱñϸĺһʱһصļƤתͷһȻ˫۳ͬģټ࣬ʱģ
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һͻȻӦͷȻŵʤȥ
ƽһƫƧĽ棬ֻվȫ󵶵ı»
Щ˿ɲˣΡ޼ɡ襡С
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շ˫֣һ£̫ξ飬Уôվ
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̫ˣΪʵۣ漷һ⣬˭¶ݵĻǽϵٵøϳȥһ룬ó״ˣҲյˣʵ΢Ѳֲܸ֪ˣֻ棬ѳһԹ
΢ǰȥתһᡣ
󺹣룬ңֲ֪ͨһզ֪ϽţһͨרͨСΪطԭרͨҲռһֻ֣ܴǴһСרͨȻٴ¥ȥ
¥ʱ򣬺ƹҲǵһˣô˵Ǽ۾Ǽˡ
˵ⲻܹѽһǰңǽϵĻǼֻۣǸǶѡ

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ڨڨ£ܳ΢֮Ǳȥĺá
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ֻ¥涼ѾľһС䣬֮طԣˣ˵ػǶûơ
ּһ̼Ĵһ˳һ˽ȥȻЦһ䣬Ц𣬵ûһǳòɿ
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𣿡
еŴտʼ˿񡢴Ҷļ۸ձǣѾձ齵ۡ¥ڵ˶𡣡
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¶΢˵ǳ͢Ǽ۵ġ
ζԴ˲̫һ㶼ǻ£ΪĿǰûȫ̸꣬㱨¶ûС
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ϵ˿綼ռоصĵλ⽭˵˶Ҷɺܴ𺦣˿񡢲ҶҪһЩ˼ԴʼǼˣǱҲǣ͢Ҷǣһ˶óˣˣҲֻܸǡ
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һ޹ȫ֪¡
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̶֪͢Ǵ˻ģ˶ҲŶãһ¾ˣ˺ѽһ飬Ǻڰи͵͵ԼǼۣǵҲ࣬Ծһֻ۱һֻۡ
޼ͻȻŸʵ飬ѵЩʹڶԴûԹ𣿡
е̸͢е˳Ķ࣬Ϊ˷ǰʹԴʳΪҲû̫࣬˴ʳҲûж˵ʲôֻϣ๺һЩ˿ȥʹڵ֪֮Ҳ͹˲ü۸ǵķݶʳʹڸˡǳ͢۸֮˽̾͸ǼˣǵĻձǼۣԷһЩｵۣ˽ȻԽܡ
յһжݵİɡ
յ΢ȫ֪
Ūޡ
ĿƮţߵôĵӣҰݳ͢Ļۡ
ϴڰ׬ǮһЦ
кܹȵ֪ʳʹڻ˿ȥ
Ρ޼Ҳźա
õ˵ôҪ֪ڱҵȫˡεֻʳո𲻾ãɺôʹǰ룬ʳãп϶кܶ¹Щ˻ôغǮƣôȻܹ϶ɹ˿ȥ΢ǵ㣬Ҳ̫ġ
һ㶣һˣƾûаëǮϢȻܹڶ̶̼ڲгҿȥ
޼ЦǺǵתĻǿ찡
ȴǺҴƶǺѽΪβԸϣ
£Դ¹ٽ󻹵øЩҪ֪ˣǿ϶¹ٵġλ̧֣˵ȥˡ
Сǽƻѽ⻵Ƹ˳͢
κһͻȻ޵µǸɵͦƯ
޼ɡС˷׷Цŵͷʾͬ
ЦЩʳ˵һףһףǵ֪ǴƵĳɲǴӡ
㶵ʲôһףһף
ЦΪôʹͬʱֻΪ𣿡


701 ֮
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޼ɡСͬʱɫ΢΢һ䡣
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襼һ֮ɫҲٶԡ
ôĿĺܼ򵥣ϣһЩͬһ֮ԣٺóԵĲˣҲģҪʵĳԣô򵥡
һЩţβ˵
ƫƫ˵ˡ
ԭΪʳţʳȻɺɺһӵ»ޣǲʹϣܹͬʱٽƳĸԴʳĶﶼܵǣҲ׷׽˳ĻᣬǲʹƳγǵʳš
ʳ˾һĿģ
ҪƽʱҲˣܱȶҪãĿǰҲûֱӵϵʱƺƵҽèѽϷԭ˶˼ˣԭ˵Զһסһʵжԡ
ȻǴ°
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˵𣬵Ȼ̸£ҲǵĽ顣
޼һڣѡ˳Ĭκ̸ˣҲӦĻʥּҲ²ԼĻ̸̸ţִ̼еߣֻصȥˡ
׳޼ɲ㿪ڣ̵£Ƕ߻и߾߻ͻʲ࣬ⶼǴǣ»ΪһֱڶǷս򣬰ոǳأκ¶м֣֮鵱߾ͻʣͼ򡣡
ͻʲ˵ˣԵǣϴˢμˮ֮˵衣߾Ļ񷢶߾սĿںǡΪԭӵܱ𣡡̾ͳΪˣȻʱδгɹһֱڴҲҴٽ¼ذոǾͲȡɧߣר֮ʱԸ߾սɧһ°¾ͳ߾ôˣû˸أĿľҪƻǵũҵ
껹һδ̣նٶش߾ҲǴսΪ߾ϲ˴־սȥǾǼҰΪ߾䣬һ˶죬˵ʳˣǾͿʼٷˣΪ˲ź˱ǰһֱ߸ͽųž;ˡ
ȡѵ߾־սҿ㲻ˬҾʹ⣬Ҿˡ߾ղƳ·һֻаš
ͳУ߾ж𲻿죬ڵȻᡣ
޵Ȼס
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м˵ô⽫Žɣ룬ӱȥѹִҶ
ֻһЦΪõΣ

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΢Ź۲һ˫óףǶǻԶԶҪǶǻ󣬶ǵóƻδչֳ΢֪˷ǳϲǵĴΪ½·Ͷڴм𺦣ǲҹ̫ࡣߺ·ĻôͿʹĴȥ
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бϾôõĻ飬˵ǵķǳȫô˿֮·ضܵӰ죬˿֮·ĲƸڹ·ˣǰĲ룬˳ǿȡ˰
ǡǡǺղĵطƸصǵľгøӷ٣׬Ǯôһ˵ҲԼЩ뵱Ȼˣǵ˵ļǣ¹ٿǲȫ¹ΪǻӦüӴóףǵƣУǿԼעԸ߾ͻʲ
λ䶼˵ķǳеεͷתɺӺ󣬳͢λӦأ
յɺӵ󣬱¿·;ңԶܾǱҲҪһЩϵ֧֣΢Ϊһöǳõӣ֣ǴڳʱͿԽΪɣ򡣶ֻδѣʳδٽǣûеΪǵĵǣʦڡǻԽɴʳвЩӼᶨվһߣšһҪǳһߵͻʲ
ƵƵͷ
ռ˵΢ĿǰִϢߣעлø߾ʳΪһǱڶ֣ڸΪУһ꣬ʮļƻǲΪӪͨҵʵȥǣŻһҪΪ׼ֹͻ
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޼ɺǺǵգ벻㻹Զ˸еȰ
ճͲ˵ƫʱ˵䡣
ڨڨ̫ξˣ¹ֻǾãܰѴʳ壬ʦڡ
޼Цһ䣬㶼ˣ⻰˵Ķûˡ
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702 ·
εںԺһ뿪ˡ
δһκξߣڿ϶˵յĽȻ˵ͣһǺԼ֪鲻ǵĶ̫Ƭˣ͢þͻɵ顣
κͳ޼ɻ̫Ҫȥ˼ԣǷǳҪĵطΪԽѹסެǱΧͻʲ࣬ң¹شǾ˿ĵ
Ա˵ɣʵԴǷǳصġ
ҲɼζںյΣǾ£߻ܡ
յҲںԼĽǷᱻɣֻǲ̣ڲչҪģ˿ھô࣬Ǵ̣׳궼ˣθԣǱȽƫľ֮ΣǺ۵۲ΰԡ

ʱһյó׽Բˡ
¥ǰľһֻʬҰǮ󷽡ָǾ͸Ƶãڰϣֱۣ·ֻгûнˡ
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ٹգ˶ưˡ
ʱ֣һյıӭ˰
תһȦҵĹķǳλҲͷˡصԺڣֻĿϣһѾСİŤšǷ̴ΣЦ㣬ɣСܵļǲġ
һۣûһۣȥȥȥտۻˡ
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ҲҶ۳ˣ˵أŶǰζǶ߻ˣԼҲ֪ңȥƣˡ
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һֿգɫƽС磬֪£
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ҲãԪұƵ̫ˡ
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Ҳȷʵۻˣ͸Իȥˡ
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ռͷ⻰һڣγѣ̧ͷһȻǼǰ޳Ѿ÷·Ҫγˮ룬Ů˺ҪǿߵĲˣš
ŽһϣסЦΪ˲Щ˵Ҳûʲô㵹Ҳûʲôϡġ
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ɴǷǵһЦʲôУѪĵô

һ̧Цǡǡҵĵ֮ҽΪѪҲʧԡǱǸ㹦һ񡣡
ôȱԼ˰˵Լͼ죬ƽʱմˣУǳ˿տͨ͸һָ㡪
ۣ
˫һ
һ㶣漴͵صͷһԭһ֣ǰ󿪣йϽֽºϣߵһŵ¾ꡣ漴ת뿪ˣƨŤķòǳ
ԭһˮţһΪŵÿ
պٺһЦֻζС椵εǺõðݡҵ㽫ȢȻĻһһʧԵġ


703 Բе
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ʵڼ٣ֻ֣ʴ˺ܶˣ
ȻԤʾ۽׵½¥¥óȴھʵյ̸Уֻ˫̽Էĵߣδﵽ߷壬ղǹؼ
Ǳնԣշ¥¥ҪԵð࣬һΪɤӶˣ̫ˣ帺ˡһϵҶó˶ӦҪٴеˡ
ⰲķΧ棬ֱơ
һһԪгͬҲѡлͣ˼ԪұϾôѾҪȥѡΪǵѾǳˣϿԪҺѾһ겻񣬵ʵҹѾ˴˷ó׵ĿҲǷǳɹۣϾˣҪȥ̽ˣ˴˶εĻ
Ԫұ
𡪡
һ˻öëȻ
Ԫǲ֪ʧأⱻҧˣа˾Ÿ֮ࡣ
һɲ˹ĴָԶĴµ˵
ֻǴڹһֻëʨӴѩĿ׺ݡ
ԪЦ˵ĪҲϽˣ㷸̸ֶǮôöֲģС˾Ÿˣǵû档
Ⲩ˹Īɭרŷ涯ģԪյˣΪԪϲЩޡ
ĪɭˣԪô˵δ̫ƲĪˡб°ˣˡ
ԪбһƳĪ˻棿
һͷһ𡣡
Ǻãұж
һԵԪæ壬̫Σˡ
ΣյĻµˡѰøߴţҿ
Ԫջӻ֣ͷĵ
ԪһûˣֻҪĪɭϵݶţҲȥš
ԪճףಲǰȥһԾվ潫ĴŴ򿪡
һͷëʨȴųȥͷϵԪգо͸ż֮ɫ·𲻸Ͼ޴
ԪպһңұҪÿ˵ţһ壬жʱ֮
ʨȥʮಽ˫ǰһѹͣһ˻ݶϵԪܡĪɭֻݶڲԪ澪壬ĪɭǷǳ˷ܣΪǱרҰ˲ľԴҲǼ߲ˡ
Ԫմ˫һġ
ͷʨԪվͱ
ԪתܣٶҲǼ졣
Ͼȣ˼ȣּ岶ʳʨı죬׷СƬ̣ԪɱΧڣʨһԾȥ
ԪͻȻһ˫˳һţѾԶ
ɰԪܾһ亹
ĪɭȴĴһá
Ǻëʨʮþȵһˣ˹ȥֻܵ˺˻𣬸Ϊ͵ĳԪ׷ȥ
Ԫֻǰܣÿʨϣ㣬֮죬ҲĿࡣ
һһʨԺм϶˿ҲǾĶǡ
ֹһԪƺãٶȽʨأٶȲֻԪԺһŴֱȥȻҪܡԪһĶˣ룬廹Ƕסˡ
ʨԪٶϲѣ׷˹ȥۼԪң˹ȥǧһ֮ʣԪո߸һԾ˫£һշʨո˸գ֮࣬ԪյĴƨɴ͵ϣûаſˡ
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һʨѾԴڴ
Ԫܲһ
Īɭ㵸ʣǾʡûеܡ
а
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壡
Ԫܾһ
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ֻԪ˫ֽסʨǰצҽֱγһٰʮȣ϶סʨӵ򦣬ƽʱɽ¶ˮļһ̱ըһ㡣
ľ棬ٽеޣȻ˷ֺǺε
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δȶ˷ӦԪ͵һһŲƣסһһӣӲĽ˦ʮ֮Զ
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ĪɭĨһѴ󺹣̾ԪҲ
ԪܻĽŰյ˳΢΢Ϣţˮε£ЦСǻΪ飬Ҳܹˡ
һЩΪԪճȺǶǴ˵ʵԪվѧʲôûҲûаݹʦǮƣڳȺ˼ҷȥô˷ʱ;пһ㶼椡ΪԪкܶ˶ӥȮĸ֣ĿȾСϲǻһˣӥʮֻ
ǣŲ棬ɱ˶ԣҪſ棬СȮִ֣ȮɽֲҰޣǳϲȻݡҰ޲ʱɵģԼҲ֪˵ǲ֪оͳΪ˵һ֣ΪٶȺױȵġ
ûãһĶûʲô֪Ժ֣ǶĻˮһЩ
ҰԪˣˣԹԶ㵽ȥˡ
ոչϣԪܡĪɭδһӰͻȻǽѸܵԪնߣ˵˼䡣
ԪһҲĪɭĪе£ʧˡԪܵԪܣὫǮĪ԰գ˷ǽȥˣؼˣֲһϲȴˣǽȽֱӡ
ĪɭæٹӣԸķ䣬͵ʱ͸Ԫġ
һͷʨļ۸ûٹģؼ͵ʱҪѴιܹԪҳΪ˵ˣһ

Ϊյó׽ᣬڽհҪˣֻһЩɢƷûȥҲΪһʱͻȻۣһʱһգǱ˳ϰգڵ۶յƣ̲ţС˾С
ܵ˵ǷǳԲ˫ҲǸ裬Ͼó׺ѿģֻ׬׬ٵĲ
ܼ򵥣ΪеģûУһ㶼ûУеģҲûУƷȥҵĹǾǷǳģǮ϶ǹҪö࣬ʲô⣬Ǻѿġһȫ򻯣ͬһֲƷƷƣĵǣ۸ѾǷǳ͸ˡ
Ϊĺգǳİݵһ¥ִӻ¥ԼһߵĴԺٸˣȻֻǸݣ漰ģЩ̳Ժ֣Ͼ׬ôǮЩ̣ǴùϵǮǱģǮҲԼĺֵ׬ȥòģõľƲˣ۲Ǯ
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նž˽ߡ
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½һɽϸЦ춼ϲ£ˣһ˽˷ˣΪֱˣûб˰һȥҸպ˿񡢲ҶǼֶۣ࣬׬һжǺոǵģܲغ
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ŸһС˻档
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յһۣҲǹô
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㶵
ճƬ̣ȲҪţҴ
ǡ


704 ߳ӥ
ߺ󣬺նžƱֻصϯ䣬ǮڵС磬ʲôأ
ͻȻһٽƾ˼֡Цûʲô£Ǽû׼ʱ
ļûҲûãСҲͷС㡣
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šǸöǺһˡյͷĿͻȻ˼£־ٱˣ˵Щɨ˵£ȾƣȾơ

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ŮǸ˰ɡղˬ˭̫ΪҶѾˣȡ֣ôҲǵʵ۵ˣеȺòá
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Ƿ˰ɣһֱң㻹˼˵ұ޳ܣҲƢġǰ˲پƣƾͷŭų˶档
˶˫Ŀ΢ϣҲ֪ҲƢ˭ýĴҥ˵ʲô̫Ͼ·ҡ˭˵Һýϰˮ֮У˭˵ڽɱӣ޶˽ϵһˡ˵һϣŭȵѾǵһˣζң˵㡣
Խ˵Խü
⽭̶ƾǼۣǿų˶ΪôǺԭֻ΢˵˼䣬һɣ֪Щ̶˵бۣյݰ˵˶Ͼ·ó˵ˣľͲû˵˶潫ظٳˡҪԼܺߣô˶϶Ǵɣǿ϶Ҫ໵˵໵
ΪϢǱģûж֪飬һ֣顱ȫˣԽԽʢ
˶ҵΪٸĹʧڽ̶ӶѹƵ˶ȥˣ͢ȻҲڼԴš
˶޹ǹһžȫǵߵڰףûҺȥˣѾǺȽϺˡ

òûҧԼͷģȻˣǺˡ͵͵Ƴأƭˣزᣬֻǰ粨κˣģɲҲ֪ˣҲ֪ƶʱȥڨڨҳҴаŵģֻǽΪɣ΢ǵۣΪ϶ҲԸģϾ׬Ǯһ׬˵Ǯкβɡ治֪ǻ˵ΪǮ˵Ϲ޵ޣѾǿǴǡ
˶⻰ƭСȥɡ
͵͵һƳ̾˿ŲţҵıⲻҪĨ㣬ֻҴ˶׬Ǯûϵᷢչֵز¶Ѿˣҳ˵Ǹ⣬Ҳ˵ЩʲôҪ˵ʲôŮǳ͢Źô֮һҶԲ㡣
˵棬Ͽҡ
˶ɫϿңɫ΢ͼ֣Ƿǳ壬ҹ𡣡
ŶԭǳӲѽҲŮ˲ϲӲģաҺЩˡն˶񣬵ȣΣȻĻݡǳκһ㣬Ҷ޷Ӳܡ
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ѵԷѾһıкʧʱһͻȻ˽Сո磬Ԫˡ

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ۿСӾҪһغˣһֻӥѸײڶ֮ƵǷצ׼ȷĽİڵϡߵǷǳǿģ̲סӥҳӥȻ壬÷죬һʹ̣Ƭ̹߱һϢӥϵҲ
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705 ƭӵı
Ц˵ȴЦЩɬΪһĻŨŨķζͬʱҲˣΪʲô߳ʧܣΪ˳ǰӥѾ߸ˡ
Ԫһ㵵˵ʲôʲôˣ
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Ƴ۾ջĿ⡣Ԫȴ쳣˷ܣӥ䣬Ժڡ
ԺڣԪһƨڰϣִץһ̳Ӿգץһ̳Ӿƹ๾
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УҶѾάֵزˣ˽ⰡбȰҵ˷ˣ㿴һ᲻ô˵ʮֱӣ޳ܵģûмô޳ܵġ
ԪȴǼ˷ܵ˵ƽЩˣ˲٣ΨҲߣΪҾѽ죬ǶڰһͻҧһڡСϻ˲ٹ򡣡
һ壬ʲôľиᣬͷҲǣͷҲǣĶˣǺǵ
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ԪչЦָָգСӻ֪֮㷽̩ȻУԵ߯ҲˣǶΪдߺӥڱ϶Ա˴˶ȱһ˵ӻ𣿡
յͷԪ֮ġ
ⶫסûõġ
Ԫջӻ֣ǶǸı䲻˵ģһֻͻĻǴӥΡףҪǿҷԴ֮ż棬ȡЧô棬һԼġ
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ԪЦôѽҲԣ񶼽ԪѹĴƾʲô˵ġ˵˶٣бһƣΪԪûа취ǿɾʹشˡȻڿжӣԼҲòзϡҿ԰Ĳݶˣ
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յ֪Ρ˵ָָԴҶԪƣŪõģԶҺ档
ԪչΣŪõģ̾ͿԵõȻ˵ԪҲƴ֣ôҶ
΢΢üȻˣΪβô
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ԪպǺһЦңҪףҲһ竣㲻ʲôģǳЩΪһ֪ô֪˶ȥôĶϰĻƺƵ˽ǣʹܣ㲻Ҫǣɲĵ̣˼ҵĵ̡Щ㶯ӣܿҴѾ־кü󽫾ѾȥҴ̽ˡ֮Իֻȥ̽Ϊڳֻͻڽսվֻϻм䣬û˸ʱһɾͲ֪ˣ˵֪ЩˣǱµˡ
˵һ䣬ЩСèСģ㵹ǲ÷ϣԶ㡣
΢΢ðƭӵıϿޣһжǼ˴̵̽ʱϵ㽫ᱩ¶š
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΢е㡣ʵԪյһȷԼʧ⿴Ρ޼ɡЩҪⲻǳϵıɽһǣл̫̫ЩԺգǶǳѹʽģҧ˵ĹǲеģЩƽʱƲ͵µ˲˷ʤ
ⲻǮôڵң㱱ﵹˣҲģֵȥʲô
ԪһЦ㲻ҪǣǶ˼ʿǰ㰲ؼҲˣϧ㲻һֵˣϲˣȻĲô棬ԷٵģҪԼ־ʵҪۺʵ
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706 ͻ
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Ԫ΢΢һкǺ棬ЩĶ˫۾ͳ˿־壬ת̫ˣ룬ѵӾôֲϲʵѲ㻹㽫СýȢһȥ
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Ԫûұ˵ĳи֮ҲȢӣΥģСÿ϶ᵱ檵ģ϶Ҳøɽʿһ͵͵ģ˽»Լ
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СֵոϽתߵڣǰľ󲻽ʧɫֻС֡СҰ˷ĳǺǺѹѹһƬֳֹצڡ


709 磡磡
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ȻôϲӣǺտ϶ͻ̸ıԣķں棬Ǳ߾ٻ㹦

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ֻܵƵĲһҡһεһ߻һ߳Դҡڣ˵һͿ


710 Σȳ
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ʱ䣬𣬹֮ڶҪǻˣԭһӾԼľ룬ֻԼҲһ񻰵棬ǲȣϧ첼ˣҪҪ


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712 ɷ
ʵҪ˵ֶôôҲǳ岻ãһءͰǹεģˣΪӦΪء
һ̸߽һѵӪȥ̸۵õȻʲô𹿰ǿΪʼҾһҪųһ˵ʶػÿһǻʼҾ߰塣յĻǾ徫İװȻĻǲþýȥ֮ôǹ徫ڳš
̸䣬ѵӪԼȥ
ڣֻ¶һǰԺĴ£飬ȫעжһɴʳһǳģ¶ţҪΪǳȣҲȽȣڼҪôಲҪô·
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һառƽʱ˵һ仰һ̸ɷϲͣΨпЦ﹫˵һ߾ܡ
ӵڳϣүүһɷܻᱻãȥƭЩʶ֣ʵİգȴһӾֹһķҲǵһõŵʱҪԵȵĴۣԼЧѰĽǧٹ֣ȥжǷԵȣ
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÷ǳԣҲԼдϣ֮ɫƵĳźյգ⡪㶼ǴǱϿģҺ񲻼ǵЩдЩݡ
ЦԼᡣҼǰҲұ۸ʱҾͺίҾܲƽҾͻҪǹƽأ﹫ӣϹɷһ֪ʶֻܵհȫΪÿ鶼һӦȥЩӽɷ̡
ӽɷˣ
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յΪնɷ˵ȨΪǾָľףɷ򽻵ǡǡǳ﹫Ĳ㣬һ۶ϣȻ춼ڿҵ飬δԹκ¾ף޷֪ɷʲôҪƵģ㿴дĶǷǳģʵȴǽȻ෴ӦȥЩգǻǳʾ
һ仰ڳӶԣֱඥͨζ˺ðΣȻں޵Ҿ˷˶ٵĹ
һֱ飬뾡취ɽʿȥ裬Ǿһٿȫ飬ȴδҪȥһ˵ǳڣٿվ𣬳һҾСᣬǳһ񡣡
ʹá
ŵˣϽҾ
һһҾЦС磬˵Ĺ徫񡣡
һ㶣ǺǵðɣðɣʵӦģǱҸġ
ӵǺСһҶʼ̫ҪˣǺС棬¾Ҷ飬ҲԶ޷ɷڡ
ЦЦʵ㻹֯ЩѧԱһоȥմ򽻵˽һ°յĿҲǼõġ
ӵͷ֮


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ΪҶ֪ѧԺξ޼͵֪սϿΣǶ͸ҡ
ǷǳϲյĿΣһ㣬յĿΣʲôѽѽôǳɣྣһ˼̣дࡣ
ܹڿѧϰҸ
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յŶģǰҳԷɳԵһ룬ʱ¾뿪ˣδü˵һлл
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Ŀǰҵ沢ͬڴƵĵλѾ̩ɽǳִ䶯ĻԶҡģҪߣҲǼѵġҲͬڳ׶ΣǱ˴˵ǲͬģԲҪҶ֧ңȻǲܵġڵҲǺʣΪԼˮҲҸ˰󣬻ҵĸ
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ȵճȥ֮Ϸ˺ǺЦҡҡͷˣˣԼȥϹڰɡ

ճúԺһСɳֿʵȥɽ·Ȼ˳Сµɽȥһ㹤һƱȽϵ͵ĵطܷǳľԶԶǰһҲֻһôܱкüСϪӵӦΪɽƱȽϵͣɽϪˮڴγɵġ
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帮뿪֮źգðΣ΢΢һЦԵĸмգҪ˵˷ʤĪ㣬ֻǡίˡ
һκǲˬΪ֪ƻǺģҲ˿ûкգʲôѽ
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գ˵еԪұǰɽˮɫˣǽҸߣȫþʯɵģǳļ̡
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ֻվһλŮԪĵ˭һտɫĳȹŵߣˣ̣ˮӣ죬ü䣬˵޲ɷ
սзǳｻԪĵߵˣտûдκϾ¿ɲȥߵԪĵԣЦ˵պƯ᲻Һ٬ΪԪĵ÷ǳɣҪ̸ģû˿ѹЩЦ
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ЩǰԪաԪ⣬Ķ뷢԰׵ߣǶǴԪյĳۣĿȫкϡ
ںˣﵹҲ£ռλ
ԪǺЦգǽˡЦԪҲԺ¶˿ȥЩŤЦݣҲͲʺЦ
ңңøλúˣﲻ⡣չһЦ
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ЩǶںյмӣǳţԪҵĴͳǿΪЩûˣ࿴һۣһˣòƸı׼ΨصģյľȻѾ۷ˡ
һܺһڣԪҵãȫǴǳȴǳ򵥣һųһЩӣϻмŲ輸žˮˮ
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˵ķǳֱӣûлرκ⣬ҲûκεΣҪΪһҵ壬û漰˵Ƿǳֱӵģʱ壬ں˵񷨵ҲôĿأǰպ˵ĴͳԪĵ涼¶ѽﻹܸ
ģһúôĵģίġ
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ЦĲԲӡҵ壬ֻǵҵγ룬ҵǮſҸԤߣҵˮ漰⽻ҵֽīҸ󳼽õĹϵҵĻ԰ø֧֡ΪŮԣҲҪԼҵõأұﻹܶ˶кҲڲ£ԪҺϲǶǵƭ
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ʵҪ˵ԪҶںȫģҲǲܵģ֮ԸúճˣǼĹأֻҪյ˲͸ôվΪϾԪҵ˿ҲǴӡ
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730 ΰ
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һЦ͸һɵװζ
Ѿž˶һ־ȵĿźգǸҶ췢ģǴδôҪˡ

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Ҳǳ𾪵źգ˵ԪڲĻܣΪʲôԪҿʼгóףΪеѾﵽٽ㣬Ԫ꣬ʹ˿ʷĻ飬һ£ΪйŴˣ׷أǮأϵأ칤ķǳ٣ʵֱ21Ͷˡ
תóףһΥй˴ͳҪºܴľģҲҪðܴķա
ǻԪҵĴͳջǾֹͣ沢أתóףȴû뵽һսȻ˺գǸû뵽վȻһ۾Ϳǵ⡣
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Ѿ֪ˣ˵ˣλ
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һ㶼ӳϾں˵ˣܻᱻŪ˵ˣǲʲôµģ˵δԼ˵һҪ˵ĵһ仰ǼǰĲȫģұҪƷһС


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ԪȴǳڴΪǲԪĵ˽µЭ顣ǻô๤úˣ캫еļҪĻͨĳЩùֶεҪϣ䣬Ҫһ㲻䣬ʲô仰ȻǸеǳ𾪣Ҳе档
ռҪøĲƸǾҪףƸԴƸͨóײģóֻһֵĲƸһӯضһҲĲǽ˫ˣǿ϶ǿˣǱضһ𡣶ƸһûôϵĲƸֻԽԽ٣ΪƸĵġӦòǽתΪóףǵĸ
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оǣ͢´ǨߣЧǺܺãһǳҪԭ򣬾ǳ͢ǰյĹտеʳԼֳģǳ͢ĸģ߼ǧҹƶѾˡ½ĻΪЧԶȳ͢ҪãΪǹЩũ񡢹ҪǳԷߣܲԪ֯µĵũūǨ磬Ȼˣǳ͢ǳģάǡ
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ԪƬ̣˵ˡ
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ɺͻȻһҪ󡣡
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736 
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Щ·Ǵ۽ѽϰŮ湤ʲôʦͽܣһŶûУһȫµģʽЩŮֻ߻֣ҪҲֻǷңÿظ飬û̫ļ
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738 ǡ
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ռԪĵ˵ˣûЦ룬϶û


739 Ǿ
Ԫұ
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ȨһͻȻǳƽ˵ڴѾʼˣҪóӦĴʩĻǿܶꡣ
ô˵ʲô¶û𡣺ҡͷԵģҹҵģҿõġҪô˵㾡ܷԸҾΥ֮Э飬ΪǾӡ
С˻СһЩԪĵŭȴЦҷԸġ


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յ˵ķǳ̫ƽʢȷҪչóףóײ޷ԪȡͻԵĽչֻ˵СС֣ǴƹڵгδͣԪҵĻڹڶչó׷Ϊ˶һ١ңǵóҲûԵĿ꣬ŴڿصУԪ⼸Ȼһֱ׬Ǯܵ˵ԭ̤
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ֵ޻ֻΣؼʳ֪ҹϱߵռһֵ֣߲졢ͺڶ̣һءǡÿЩĵصҹֲء
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յͷƵ֪ģΪüūᵽ£ֻΪūȽֵֶ֪ôĺáȻҲδۼΪȥռһˣģǲԪңǴҲѸٵ׳
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յͷԸȥֿٶҲǳԪҵ棬ΪܹѸٿѳҪʱӵ㹻ǵָӣһģΨū
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Ȼǿȥվǳ׳գֵһصó׽У뼸ū̸һЩūֻϱߺҰˣԲʽڵģǷǳ󣬶һɢɳǴƸҪɾȥԪҾǡԪҪһ֧ӵս̶ӣЩϵĲ䣬ǵȫͻҴƣǿѻĵء
ԪԪֶȻ
治һĴ󰡣
ÿŶǴ죬ԪԪֱ֣ҪصļƻѽȻԪĵ㺹졣
Ԫ˺ðΣŷӦֻǴ̰
սֻʼ磬ЦҲǴֻ̣ȥǣЩҰ˿Թ˵Ǻӵ㿴Щūǿɲٻȥˡ
Ԫֶ̲סˣⲻǴ󵨣գɵѽ齨ӣó֪͢ǿܻᶼġ
ЦҲ̫ˣҿû˵Ҫ齨ӣֻ˵齨һ֧ұ̶ȥЩȥҲɲԼ̶ӣǳֻЩǣǾͱƲѽǸˣȻǵ͵Ҵǿѻĵأֲʳ͢Ӧøǽ͵ġ
˵ǳɫƻ֮أûһжǿ̸ҪִҵļƻͱҪһ뾡һа취Ӿūѡ
ʵǷūƵģūƶʹûа취Ƿǳʵ⣬ҲҪʵصĻǾͳΪˡ˿̫ˣ̫ˣټϸƣôĻûа취ڶʱڻ㹻Ǿûа취ԭʼۡ
һôݣĿַǳԶûʱȥȵ㹻һ壬ܵĴūѻĵء
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Ԫ˼ô꣬δشľδ뵽յθھȻô󣬻ҪֶͨβƶƻҲðһʱҲò⣬ֻˡգ˵ˡ
ռʵҪ˵ѾˣףԭϣһеһжǽԭģԪҪ㣬һչǿѰµԭϣñ޻֡ڿϱߵͬʱͻƺ򽨰֮·ĹԴоչ˿񡢴ҶƷӵгĻʱȥչóס
ԪĨһѺһһ굽ͷ汼ˡ
Цѵǲܴ̼𣿡
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պǺһЦ漴ɫȣҸ˶ǮƿòǺأҴûռԪҵıˣȷʵҲûʲôռģǮҿԼȥ׬ҲҵԭʵһֱԪ쵼Ȩ棬Ҫõ˵֧֣Ԫҡ
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Ԫĵ㲻˵ĻǵĺᵽΪֹƽҲܼƻδ֪򣬶һʮðգû뺫׽ԲˣҪô̹ףҪôһꡣϾУҪġ
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˳Ȼãһ紵ݶնܲҿҵչֲܹһ㣬Ϊȫͬһʱ䶼֣ҵͨĻÿҪȫصʳصʳô㷢֣Ҳֶ
УǱҪѳĻĵأøضʳӦֵҪǿڴ󲿷ְնԼأܹҵûԸڷ˳磬ȥĵؿѣ͢ҲܱȰգӣôΨˣΪÿ˶׬Ǯʹ£˸пȥѻĵء
ԪĵգգۣЦ˼ǣһжΪΪ񣿶ԭȴΪһ벻ԭôΰ󡣡ȴһ˿Цζ
Ҿ˵㲻ŰɡԳʵ˵ˣҲԼҲţԾôӵģκĿʼֻܶΪһ仰һˣһ΢С¡Ҫ˵ȫΪΪҲǲԵġԪҶԣԪҿڵõ͢εǰ£øءҶԣҪһȶĻҵļתΪƷˣ׬Ǯһ˵ļƻ
Ԫĵ΢΢ۣˣѾհûԪңҲô
ҡҡͷҺ˶ҵûҿڶʱڻ۴Ǯƣ޷ڶʱڴﵽԪΧĿǰұķչԣٻҪʮ꣬ҲܷչԪֹģǷǳѵģء
˼ټĻȨ󣬵ǿһûҲŽᣬչһ·ĹԥΨԪõѡǷǳŽᣬųϵָӣ鲼ȫӵй͸˲š
ԪĵƿԪҡ
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ĿĵذɡԪĵЦ
֮̾ԺΪйͬ棬ҵĲܺͼǴﵽĿģǵʵﵽҵĿģһʼǵĺˡǵĻΪʲôǺΪҪҵˡ
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ǣҲƿԪңֻΪԼȡһᣬлԪҲҵļƻշȨУֻǳһ飬ͨĻҽϸļƻ㣬쵼
Ȼ֪뷨ˡ˵һǳĻһֻСС֣޷Ԫʢ޷е룬Ҳ޷ӭϳ͢ߣʹɹջҲֻ΢ġ
ԪĵźգĿгԥǲֹ뺫յĺΪƻ޷ƿأԪκ˶޷ҪʩеĻͱգ뺫ֻǺϵѾĸǺյƻȷʵй֮ˣ󽫻ǳɹۣһӭϳ͢µš
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յҪңֻǱ˴໥ΣƻŻɹ֮䶼ΣƻĳɹԷǳС
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ҪƽʱʺȻôǹزסˣǻںЩסλһа
ɱϹ˵ڿɲǻʺ󡣡
΢΢˺һۡ
ȴĶˡ
˾ĺղһΣΪȻġΪ飬˿赲ġ
ڷϣշǳֱӣҲϲֱӡ
ͱ˵ЩģĿǰľֲǲһжδ֪
˵ĺλﲻ磬Ѿ˶̱ӵĵزвܱն£ȤôãΪβ˵ܵõµĽͣ
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ҡҡͷĿǰɻʱƻǳŹȥģҪȡһ֧֣κ˶׵ĵ飬Ūɳ׾
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˵һ̾þίˣ㲢δõӦõĽ͡
Цܹϻʺ󣬾棬Ҳں
С˵ô
ȻһЦźֻϧûж顣
ҡҡͷǹˣʵ飬ڱµǳӣһܹ¹ȻãûжҲûʲôϧġһεʤ棬ڹʿǱ£˱¼ģʤǧ
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˵ͣסˡ
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Ϊʲôô֧ȫǳڰ飬ǰĻҪʺҲʽˣξͨԼĻȨ
Ҫ̯ƣβӦǾǰ״ⲻС£Ūû´ҵģҲԼĿǣҲκ˰ڲ֪Լͳ˧Ҫ̯ƣһ㣬Ҫ취εͷӦҪһ
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Ǹܻ
ǺյһΪͬʱҲǳ޼ɵˣֻֿһ΢ıʿʵŸıǵĶǳ࣬Ḷ́ĽΪͬʱסҷԴʵһˣͳ꣬ı߶Źġ
սʱбĿܣҲǳţȡᡣ


746 
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⿴һ˳ʵ̺ž޴Σ
ȡ㲻ֻ˻Ūþͻ
̬úոоսҪΪ׼
һ¥ȥһߵüţϾǹغĴ£ԣȻƻУֻһϸڶѡ
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Сӻѽ
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ȥȥȥ
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Ҫ֪ˮܣ㿴ֵֵ廹ǹģ̽ϢԼȥˡհԵһأ
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Ȼʹ˵㣬ҲǷ̴棬ֺã϶ˬɡ
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ЦȻҴʲôҴСͻ켣¥ҪͿղͿˡ
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˾һ߽š顱һ¥ȥԽ˵Խ𾢣ʲô޼ɣȫܵԺȥˡ
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747 ұ
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Ȼϳݳ޼ɵҲ٣ǱϾǹ٣ǻǾηھ壬ЩǣЩǴǣţXҶ֧㡣
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Ц֮ѾǵļˣΪһӻôķ죬Ϊǵļں֧ô񼴱ǵĳԣ˷ĻԴΪֻҪոĽͣԼҪ̫ǵĳҲֻܼ֧ϾǼ嶼ǷǳϧԼ
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¬ʦԵȻǶ뵽ǵĳûе벻һ㡣
ҡҡͷ֮õΪǷǳ˽⺫գǵĳһ㶼˽⺫գкղһˣ⡣Ҳֻǲ²ѣûκ֤ݿ֤ǵĻ
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752 ֪
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ͬĵȷʵûκιϵǿҵӰ˵˶Ȥܾͻϵʵ飬ôЩӵܻ߰ռˣ϶˸е棬ͻѯڸʲôôĽ϶벻һ硣
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ĳѧҲ˳Ӧڸı䡣
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ռˣаЦǵҲ
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̱֤ǰɷģȷڿʥϣΪһ磬ʵ飬룬ҪƷǺĿѧҶɱȥˣҲȥ


753 ˫ϲ
ڴС¬ʦǿһ뽫Ĵܣε֧Լ
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˶ʵô̺͵̵񻰾ǲƣʲô֤ǰ֤˵ģǡûⶫ
ΪһĴ壬Ϊ񻹲һ֦㣬ǾͰټңɵвǷǳеġΪԭ򣬺ջĴڸ֪˼֧֣ҲǶʵ֧֡
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˵̾˿Ҳ˵ʼΪĿľǽԼ
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λŮɲǱˣԪĵлұġ
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754 Ͻƻ
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Լ˵
ԪĵҪǿʧܵĺϡһƬϡٵĴĵأΪʧˣе˺Ҳ˼Ԫҵĸ
ԪҵԶ˼ƻģûӯĻǾͻһλֻῼǷ⣬ᾭ۵ĶΪĳԱʮϵģᾭǿǵķǳȫ棬ڳشʧ󡣵Ԫתһ£ҪΪתͲǷ˸棬ҲǼ沢أӶתóףǷǳѵѡ
ƻƷǳ󵨡ðգʵϸһ룬ʵղʧֻʧһЩǮƣ˼ǳɹˣǽȡ޷Ƶ
յͷԪĵɫƽǵƺǲ̫ͬ
ԪĵƻֻҲεͼ
Ƶò˵ô̹װɡ
ԪĵΪҲ㡣
ʼ磬⻹ʱ𰸰ɡ
̰
ԪұԪѾϯԴ
󲮣
աԪĵһ
ԪЦŵͷɡ
ԪһǲЦģǽռգ΢ЦɼԪҵĵλѾˡ
֮ԪЦĵѾˡ
յͷ
ԪЦЩϼһƻǳͬǷǳ㣬Ƕ쵼ԪңԪһøã㲻Ҫ˼ɣͷȥɣļƻȥҪӰ졣
仰ȻǾԪĵҪڵĸԤյļƻ
ҲҪԪĵȥӺգΪյѾŵκһ˽ԪҵŶӿ϶ԪҵĺĳԱҪΪ˵ġ
ԪԪĵռȵԪҵĹأǳصģЩУԪҵļҷǾƲƻģ㺫ղԪºͼֻҪ˵λϣôӦӵ˵һȨҪô͸ɴ೷
ԪĵǵԲ̫һԪĵĿǵĺյͼΪȷʵкۣܶԪῼЩںľǹأһġ
յͷл󲮵Σһôʧġ
ԪЦҵȻ㡣ԪǶڵˣȥ̸ɡ
һ㶣Ԫ
Ԫ𣿡
յΪ󲮻ᶣҼ䡣
ԪǺǵĵûнǼҵĹ˵ѽЩͷˣﻹоȥϵ£¡
ǣǡҺĵʧˡ
ȥɣȥɡ
ź󣬺СԪĵ󲮵Ļ㲻÷ϣһǻ֮Լ
ԪĵʵǴӦøôȥţ
գգۣ̾ΪԪҵ棬ٶҲϧ
Ԫĵ޳ܣ
ԵûԪ
Ԫĵһﲻǰȥ
տЦҡҡͷȻ˹ȥʵԪĵ޳ܣҲǶԵģյĿҪ쵼ԪңûмҲ뾡취һ㣬ΪԪҿٷܶʮ꣬ڶʮꡣԪĵԸⰴļƻ£ĻҲֵġ
һڣֻʮˣԪܡԪ쳡ԪʢԪ־ԪܡԪյ⣬һЩİסǼˣ
һ⣬Щ˻Ǹ𳤽ˣԪҵ˷ֱԪ֡ԪΡԪͱȽϴ󣬶ʮϣǸԪաԪĵͬģȨҲǷǳģƿԪҵĽ⣬ǻǶḺֻ֧ȨǮ˵ֻ֣˵ҪͶʵĵطҳһͱҪǱߵ׼ʩС
һѹ󣬺պԪĵǰЦҶɡ
˲϶˷ܵɡ
ԪĵˣͻȻоĲԵȷڳɾˣ˴ҵȤյĲҪʺϵԪҡ
ЦҲ֪׼ҵļƻʽƻΪϽƻҿԺܿ϶ĸߴңһǳΰļƻܹԪһ޿ɹ棬ʹҴƵĹһ¥ɾһΰ󣬾ͱȫͶ룬ǰǰɢˡ
ԪЦ˴ɷģѾ׼ˡ
յǲ֪øԪϾ׼

һ˶ЦԪĵݸһЦ
ԪεԪĵ룬һǿ׳ôʵͦõġ
ˣֻһЦ
һΰ˵ףɾˣǱȫԸʵʩƻǰҪǳҪŶӣһŶӾϢŶӣϡﳤǳԶʱȥϣұҪ˽Ǳ߷һУϢĴ;ͱΪҪԪҪһڳ͢վϢͷʽǱҪϸԪϽ·ϵҵݵóһ·Ҫһʱ֪ϡǱߵϸ
Ԫüƥܴ󣬶ǷǳģҪܶǮĿǰֻг͢ʸӵվִģʽ
յٶǮõһϢҲֵõģֻϽ·һߣҪǮΪ˼ٿⷿѹϣÿԪӵܾܶһƥ⣬½·ͣˮ·óףһգᵽȫԸ
ԪƵǲ֪Ҫƥ
ģһ˶յԼõģĶʣľɿⷿǮ䡣
Ԫһ⵹Ǽ˲ѹͷӦ
ԪܡԪȴǸƣǿɶǰ֮ˡ
ǺȻûдּۻ۵ء
Ԫȵͷǻġ
ԪһۣͷӦ
ԪĵԸоȣԭΪ϶ģϾպԪ֪һͶȡǵĸԪǾȻô׵ĴӦɼƻͬҲǳҪⶼΪԪҵȻģѾʧȥȤԪֲȱǮѰȤʮһ᲻Ҫǹ˾Ϳ԰ƽᣬҪ̼յƻպӭǵ
Ԫĵǣ﷢ʩΥ͸У͸ԼƵá
ռڵڶŶӣǲŶӡ
ԪĵһСûȨԤ񡣡
Ԫ֡ԪΡԪźա
Ԫֵˣôɾͻˡ
Цˣ齨ŶӸⷿĹϵҪǸͳϡءʳ룬ҪϣݣȨҲǮƣϽƻǳӴұҪһ֧ƻĲŶӣͳƳϸϣΪʲôҪ齨ϢŶӣҪΪ˴ЩͳϢġ
Ԫֵͷ⵹û⡣
յҪһⷽ˲š
Ԫ̫ܵˣҪǳô˷ȥطô졣
յǾһЩⷽ˲ţǱҪԼĵˣҲṩһȫµͳƷǡʵһֻҹ˼ĿǰֲԤƵĲŶҪﵽĹģ


755 ȫԸ

ڳ˵ͬʱһ
ȫ񾭼õĸΪڵ˷һǹܹǮʲôͳƣʲôԤ㣬ȫûҪܶˣһ
ûа취ͷûмҪ֪ءҵʳȵһеݣⶼҪȥɵġ
ҲӦƻĹģ֮ԪǾ֮࣬־÷ǳ̼˼
յŶӵ齨ͽĵԪܡ
ԪĵԪܵͷӦ
ԪĵոյͷĪһ㶣ڲ֪УѾյУԼ˺յ£ָоǳ־塣
յûںô࣬ΪѾ쵼Ľɫ̸̸ϽľƻϽƻſԷΪ裬һأڶԴˣ֪ϡǱжˣ
Ԫܵڹݵһˣϵֻвʮˡ
ôһ㣿
Ծȵ
ԪܵΪиۿڲŶһЩˣǱߴ󲿷ֵĵ·ͬﶼǷյģ붼һЩ䣬ԭʿȥĶһЩǱߵˣҲϵıԵҪǾӪɣϡȥأɽ룬޳ụ̂Ҫɲʲô¡
յͷЦǡǡҺÿϵԭˣǻȥʲô
Ԫ쳵ǵ·ͨҲͨҪפϣȿҪ·
ҡҡͷȥ·ص谭Ͻƻ֮궼ɣҹƾԪҲ
Ԫ쳵ǲ·ĻǵĻôͳ
ЦҪһ㣬δ꣬Ǵڿڼ䣬ҪĽϵĳɽǡǡṩϣֻҪأЩȻϣΪһׯ԰ȵǵׯ԰չһĹģٿ·ˡ
ԪüɼǿҲǷǳѵġ
յҪˡĿǰԴӸǨƳٻ˼
ԪĵͻȻȫԸĻԴӸǨƳǧ˼һǨǧȥϵ·;еһзãﻹ޽ݣּһҹҲҪǮʵںյƻ׼Ϊ֣ΪԴǱصĻ̬ȡ
ԪСһԪңȥ׼Ҳգգ۵°
΢΢ƳԪ֣ǿԻһ㷨һ˼ˣһǧˣҪÿռĶǧ˾ĶأҪķᣬƽҲͲʮǮһĶأô۵ĵأȥ򰡣
Ԫ쳵ˣǲЩ뵱ȻˣǵؿɲǵģҪռپռôɷ涨Ǩ磬Ҳ쵽Ķء
պǺǵǿɲǿ磬ǻĵأǷ˴ĵط¶ûзԭʿϻ֮أȻ˭ռ˾˭ģĹٸԪҶţ͵ſ£˵ȥѣĶֻٵģܹﵽƽÿһǧĶء
Ԫü⻰Ƕǻĵأ˿ϡ٣ٸɲռٵأ˭ѳ˭ģƾԪҵʵռضû⣬ֻǧˣܿѳ
յǧֻȥռأĪҪϱūǲĿˡ
ԪܵūɲǳϦ֮£˵ЩϿҲвٲģҪǣ͢ĻҿԪҲøٵĴۡ
յͷһǳҪ⣬ҲضԴóȻҴ㻨һ굽ЩϵĲϸĵ飬ȿǽūóȵʱʱӶǾ׼֮սĿǰҪľ׼һҪϽǰռǱߣѰҵ֡ȥϡϵȵؿأҪƣһֱ֮Ӵӵع˽壬ҿɲǵ֮󣬻Լֽ췿ݡ
ӽԱ°ţǲͬʱУ͢ӣԻƺЩΪȣΪĿǰҲڷչУǱ޴ԪӦøӽϵģչϺūóס壬ԤҪǮҿɲʱǮƶȱǵķֹĵţΪҪ˽ǵĲܡ𣿡
һ˷׷ҡͷ
յܺãǾͳһרŶӣϽռⷽϸϣϸоҲ֪ǰôµģҵʱǷǳģһкܶҪһ¾ͲҪȥˣ׼ȻҲǳǵԸ˭ƻ˵޹أֻغҵɣҲϣʱΪЩ¶ìܡҪôҪͱȫԸ
֪ˡ
Ԫܵ˽Ǹ豣֤ûǻмǿļУΪ£ǵְټǶƻǳȤ
յյĻ͵Ϊֹ£ٿһλ飬ϣʱܹϸϡ

󣬺պԪĵصԪĵСԺЪϢ

һ裬ƳԪĵҵʱˣ¾ͽˡ
ԪĵѾҵĹܼҡ
ʩ㣬Ҿͳһִˣⲻǹܼʲô
ǵģ׻û꣬ˣαٸˡշ˷۵㲻ҪΪԼҽںòҲǲԸȫȥ쵼޷ƿأܹ𣿡
ԪĵòûѪ̫Ӳˣ㡪
֪Ҫ˵ʲô
մĻ£ҵƻõ׼һԪǵĶ֧֣ɼƻȫԪҵ棬ѵԪҾڸɲ㣬ԪĵӦûӴֳ侲ĴѧϰңԪĵɵ¡ǡ
˵Ԫĵ
Ԫĵʲô
ջЦУԶ滹ҪҪ
ޣ
Ԫĵðɵݵú˵ǾһɢңȻ޳ܵĽƱ硣
պһԪ׬Ǯ㲻ˬĻѽбұ׬ǮҾȫ쵼һרȥıҵ;һ仰ǿؼ棬ӦøԪһ֧ңһΰļƻǿҸ˵ĻԸԼǺңܹ⣬ϾŮˣ˵ȷʵеǿ
ԪĵӶʱ˸ͨ͸û΢΢Ըе촽ȴ޴ӱ粵ԪգҲͺֵܹز
Ǳ˼ǳ򵥣ϲңȷʵԼİƭԼõȥҲܹ⡣ǴӼԪȫ֧֣Ψ㲻֧֣˵Ϊ˼濼ǣ˵ͨ


756 
СǰھΣ㣬㻹űˣҳرС෽涼ǿȻ쵼㣬ôôǿΪ쵼ǿߵĵձʤ׷ô䣬΢΢һƳض˲٣̾һˣвŮؿһΪݣ̸̸ԪҵĺϾǵʱɶǺܱġ
ߣ
ԪĵһƲ˫Ŀ͸Ż⣬Ѿˣʲô̸ġ
٣ҪǰɣЦ㲻̸ǾˣԪȥ̸Ͼǰһˣ̸˳һЩô˵Ƿ˽ܡ
˲ô޳ܡ
ԪĵͻȻȭһգ￩һ£ֳѽݵʱ¾;
Կ϶˵ҪµĻܶ˭Ѿˣ׻˵úãŹ
Ԫĵ£նӵǼĶ־ݺ뵽ǼȻģһҪϳȥһŬԼƽô̸
£ʵ˵Ҳûʲô̸ģǱԪҹԭϣģҲͼ۸ģһһǳõļǮһƳһǺˮǮһ׬ҲҸĲɡ
ԪĵһЦû
һƺ̫ѽҿɵһ䣬ûˣɱּۻۡ
ԪĵҡҲǲ̫⣬ֻҾܡ
üʲô˼
ԪĵԭϵļǮԼȡһʵļǮòʩᣬ֮⣬ұҪһȫǵԪҵˮ
ȫԪҵˮü˻
Ԫĵܼ򵥣ԪҹӦ㣬һˮҪϵȵġȻһһʲƵĹǮŶоƺֽī
òûлʹȥȶǴģǲ˹Ԫĵһ˵̱ɹ̨Ʋ̨ʵĲͬߵ룬ˮƺֽīұҪôˣ񲻻ڰԪ£ʱԪ˽֪ұͱĬĬţҪǱǱ졣
ԪĵЦֻҪһˮѣˮɲֹһְɣҿ
Ц㵱ɵѽһˮȷǲΪԪҵĵ鲼ȫҾһƹ϶ҪĶ࣬ȵҵˮ߳ȥ˵˼һΪڳϮģҿɾͶ𡣡
ԪĵȻһЦȻˣǾûʲô̸ġ
յȷ
Ԫĵͷҷǳȷ㻨㣬Ԫܹ׬ǮǮԪҿɲԪҪӰ
պߵѧҵġ
ǰԴӺ֮ƷЧӦʼˣҲʼԼҵƷƣԪҲԪһƣԪҾˮģȱص㣬ڳеطľһˮģ˼ֻ֪ҵˮãǲ֪˭˼ңӵкյˮԪƺܹܿƹȥ
ǰΣԪĵͷЦ
պߵΣΣǵĺΪֹҾͲ¾һֻġ
ԪĵȥҺˣȻҲ취ȡˮ
ʲô˼Ȼ
ԪĵҸұʵǸԷԼкβɡ
յۣҲ̫˰ɡ
ԪĵЦ˴ˣ˴ˡ
Ůǿɶ֪˷žӦóʤ׷̸ëĺպߵҪұƼˣҸ͢
㡣
ԪĵһЦոǹƽףһ͢ٷ֮һٻᱻ沢ûκģΪ޳ܵģĪ͡
յȻɵɵȥ͢һۣ˵ĵѽǷαػ˺ˡ
˭ǷޣòҪԪĵŭһۡ
ϵķްɣǿԺһµӣ͸֮һ㿴֣кĶô죬ֵýġǿĵ
ԪĵЦ⵹ǿԣеˮֽī;ƶӡ
յұô죿һˮֽīȥƹҵıˡ
ԪĵҲġ
ռǹ˽𡣡
ʹõģĳһơԪĵߵȷһʹõģΪļƻǴԭתΪƷñȽơ˿񡢲ҶϣԪҵƣǿԪڸصӰĵһԭϹӦ̣ղԸֻһһ
㡪ҪףҲˣ뱱ˣ˵㡣
Ԫĵҿ϶ȥ˵ġ
һ㣬Ԫ϶Ԫĵѽʱշﻢˡ
ָԪĵҰԪ׬Ǯ㻹ô̫ˡ
ԪĵԲԪ׬ǮҲġ
㹻ݣ
յúúãһһˮҿԴӦһרӣֽīУҪȻԸʯ١
ɽ
ԪĵͷӦ
Ҳףˮ;ƣҪģԪңֽī̫ܲҪԪңȱ̸еʱ
ʵһרӣںջӰܴǵǺܴ󣬵Ǻղ̫Ԫг̫ǿʢϾԪΧ̫ˣټļǱʤ㡣ҪгĹ룬ҪԪԼĲֿ⣬ȻԪĵһ㣬Ҳ룬ԪдԴȻ֮֮Ϊڸ棬ƽȵĹϵҸ衣
Ů˲̫úŪͻȻһǱĴȯҪԪҵг
Ԫĵüһ壬Ƭ̣ҵÿһ¡
պǺǵȺ£ҲҪǣҲǷˣǶҲΣѾЭûεĺҲȥҿԺֱ׵ĸ㣬²ʵҲҪ̸ˣڼ䣬һ׼˺ģʱ㲮Ϊ˸𡣡
㡪
Ԫĵ˺һۣȯפԪгԪǿ϶ᷴԵģһˣǰǸרӣԪ϶վԪĵߡ
Ԫĵ֮ҪǣΪ̫ⷽ棬Ҳ֪ȯԪг϶̼ѵģ֮Ҫǵȷǳڲ̫κգѾϹһصˣɲٺͺδ֪ȷҲɾܾһ㣬Һڻˡ
ЦгӪģҵģϾҲǺѣģʽҿôЧ£ߣ˻ңʲôˮˮ㶼ȥ΢һ»ң͹ǺǱܶ١
һȨ֮ԪĵǵͷðɣҴӦ㡣
ЦҸʱϸ̸һºϸڣϾʥľԼɲſڿˣǶҪϸǡ
Ԫĵͷ
̸֮󣬺ҲǸԪĵ۵СۣԾ͸ˣ׼ȥѵӪոߵǰԺ˺գա
תͷһԪ֣æ
ԪʵǴȥ
յŶҴȥѵӪ
Ԫһ˶ãô뿪ˣӦöĵ
Ը⣬ҲԸⰡЦЦҲԸ⣬ĵߣϾǻûгɻ飬һ̫ˣ»˵лƣû˼ҡ
⵹Ҳǣĵ⺢ƤǱ˵㡣Ԫֵͷɻ֮󣬿ɲˣҪĵ޳
ȿȿȣ
ŵһŪԪĵĶӣô

ԪֶںյķӦǼ䲻ĵͲСˣҪϼ꣬ƾˣüӽѽ˵óһֽСȥ
ռصģ˹ɶ
ԪЦǺǵԪҵ洫ط⼸Ūȣӣ㱧ӡ
գѵǴ˵е׳֮ҩոоԼܵ裬κһ˶޷ܵģҲҪСֶʢֱ׳֮ʱ޳棬һǡǺǣĵҹˡǹˣӦöġ
Ԫʵڿжӣ
գգۣûС
ⲻˡ
ΪӼ棬ûж˵ר顣
ѵӳɻ֮ͷֿˡ
ûС
ⲻˡ
ԪֵҲˣ㿴ԪܸһСԪܶŮˣӣĶˡ
أõģΰվȵǲ֪ԪܶĻ飿
ʮꡣ
ʮꣿ
ѽ
һȷʵˡ
ԪֵϽҵ׷Ԫǣ̫ˣ׷϶׷ˣֻĵϣŮҪ
ձ˵ƿԣһ
Ԫļ򣬵ĵǴˣҲһǳ
⻰ͬյͷ
ͶŬȡ֮ҹ񡣡
ǡ
յͷЦá
ԪֺǺһЦֵˣɻ֮գûмˣɲҪˡ
㲻˵һˣҪ߸ˡĨź⡪ǵȻôܻǡ


757 뿪ʼ
ŭˣ
ԪֵһúվԼԵܵص裬Ȼд
ĿǰҲûа취ȥһ㣬ȻҲδԪĵĶӸŪǽµĶӸŪ󣬵ǣĿǰʱ죬룬ΪϣüӽȢ¹ţȻĻ˿ġ
ϾŴǷǳһģжӵľǱûжҪţһЩʺжӵĻҲô
߷߲ƽ߳ԪҵĴʱһӭ
һˣһͷۣôɰɡ
Ԫա
գ
Ԫռգ˫ĿԵޱȾϲԭҼѽһҪȥˡ
һһûк¡ս֪Ԫ
Ԫһתһסĸ첲
ȥﰡ
֪ˡ
ܲԪһ㶼ὲ
Ԫ޷ѣʵ̫⣬ԪҪǿΨһľܣûкẰܣ
ԪקźԪұĸɽȥ
ôɣԪȷſңҸ߻ôû˵
ˡ
ˣ
ոջع£ͻȻǰͱڣŵôһ֮һƬСͬʱһûǰȥ
Ԫһץסյļ
ס˫һĻζֲ̫ˣ˵һˣ벽ȥûˣ󺹣ȵ֣ǧ֡
ԪյĽż⼸µıԵȵźյǲˣôôС
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ĥΣȻȻһЦֱͷ˵ĺеҲΪʲôһϲ㣬ΪߣоǳڣһҲþ

ʼ磬ֵֻܾһɣҵòǣѧʶ㶼ʵ˵һ˵ûйϵģڱȽпա
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һ΢곤ͰڰֵС⻰ҲǫˣǺСⷢҲ뵽̫ȥ

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취ҶڿѧȤȥװƣʵԸЩǵ󣬵ûκ壬øȤȤԼȥ̽һһܻҳԭţֻҪѧΧˣɻڲڻ¡
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Ŷùţ˵ŴľǶԵģһĹ۵㣬ѵ˵һΥϹŵ֪ʶ۶Ǵǵģô˵һֱںˣҴƲ仰˵Ϲŵһжǿ͹۴ڵģǵȻҪŲϲǵȰΪﵱȻܷԼȲԼȡʵʵǿ϶ҪǵĴڣʵǲǶԵģһˡҲˣ仰ֻǸ׼ȷԭ⣬ԭǶǴˡ
ⲻʵǵľ𣿾еĿӲǴһʼ˵ʦǴģŲϲģĻͲȥ⣬ˣ֮ţŻɣɲŻʹĽк˵еһЩ£ÿӷƺ˵ͨδۣСֱ֤ǧķ飬ŹɡⲻǷӦӡŶùš˼ʥ˵ΰ֮Ǹȥ׷ʥ˲߱һ˼룬ʥ˵أ


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Ĺ۵㣬˼ֱգǲͨĻûȨ污ûһأô취Ǹ֪оʵۣȥչõܽǿѧ˼롣
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յҲôģǶԷĻͻȻҿҵĲ֮ⳤȥɷǳӰ죬ҲŴ˵һ۵ġ
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֣˻ȥ󣬲ûиϻһ̷ֺ֧գһɴǼһ棬նԿ̵սԸ˵һ顣ΪЩǷԺյ۵ģ¬֣ļڲһЩ塣
ǲҪȥЩϸ⣬ôӴ濼ǣôǿƣлҵ֧֣ұ취ȥӦԣԴУˣǶˡȺô󣬲ÿ˶٣ܵøҵĻǿȥͶĽȥˣһ˲ʧ
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һֺ֧յҪӴƾЩ۵ĳڣͽ粨ƽϢˡ


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ԪһˢһͺˣԪܵСԽԽˣĵĴӣҷǵҪÿұ졣
ԪܶˣһԪյȥȵ
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εͷ֮Ҳףھľܵһ£ȻĻ̫ƽˡ
Ҳ㣬̫ˣЩҪְλ޼ɿ϶֣һγʧˣҪȡ
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ղǵĬּǲٰʵǺսûɶ飬ȻĻǵøƻʲôģ㲻ֹڽҲҪųһ亹
帮ֵ£˵֤Բ㣬Ҳɴ˿ɼ̫ξǱѾڽᵳıֹΪ󣬱ӦϽ䣬Ļ
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773 ͨ籨
帮ԣѾǷǳ¶ǵˣǾΣڳ޼ѾʼıԸˣΪǿȵ˵䣬ʵ۶ֻһˡ
仰ĵĳǲԶ
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յһʼں帮Ҫ̫ξ䡢ı۴
޼ɵҪƥ򣬻Ǹ޳Сˣһ֮ѣϷĲǡˬˣһͻðɣҲû¶֮̿ɫΪ֪ǲܵġ
յ̫ξϢŭڲֻǽ̫ξʾԼģȻģջǾ᳤ȥݡ
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޼üͷƬ̣Ϊл𣿡
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˵˶٣ֵΪڣ̫ξ߻ʤһЩϾ·ɲ֣ҪǵȴǶ಻ʤֻҪ̫ξߣ϶󳼶վ̫ξһߣԵĻǱҲֻʱЭֻҪȥǾʤ
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̾ɲǱʾԼҲǿ֮ĩһΣҲ˵ȥͻⲻ£ͺ˾˲ȥϾϾ۸һ˵޼ɻг㣬ô˵Ҳųģ֪֪ס
ӵҲȷʵˣһɵʱȷʵܼǻռƻеģֻûǰôˡ
ϣǣȥƽҲãǶΪģǴĿǰľǺѵģҲҪһսʼôܵҴмµʵ̫ˣƻԶϲϱ仯Ҳֻܼˡ
ʷʤѾĿǵУֻԼţδŹʷʷ˵˭˭УûаëǮϵֻһƭӣֲǴֻе˺ѡ
һϰͻȻǳǧԵҹ֣Īûһ˿ζ룬ҾǻرǻԪұأ
ڰ߳ǻΣأûκͷһͷòԶĿȥֻӭСһС˫һֻСȸһᡣ
һԳĶǿССܣˣСѾˣҲûʲôá
һСѽˣǻҸطС˰ɡ
մ⼸СȻһѽҺβƷ˼ⲻ÷Ҳˣ˭ѾҪˣԪոɱΣҺԪĵ˷֮˷֮ʵλնöϣȻľѳۣһʲôģѾȥ
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һԱǰ溰Ҫжˡ
Ԫֶˣ￪ļˣɼⶴǷǳбҪģȻܾЩֺ;δȺ߽Բôˣĵ˵빬⼸նˡ
յе£ǲʮʱûЪϢҺĵոճɻ飬æҲ
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Ԫִ֣ǼûԪôᣬǳϲԪĵֶŮԪĵܹˣǸ˼İȻô£
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Ԫ־ȵΪʲô㣿Ÿճɻ鰡
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ˡ
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մ㵵ʲô£
Ԫŵĵ޹һˣɻǴ֮ӦҪϧǣɲֻԼʹ졣

һ㶣⻰ʲô˼
Ԫֵĵһ춼ûгţֻöЩʣûǾ裬ǹˣǸʲôܲ𡣡
²˴ǺǺǣͷе˼ùԪȥ治֪ʲôҩôǿ˾ûпסͷⲻǶԸҸϽôܲŬһ㡣
ԪһˣЦúϲ£Ҳ÷ѽˣҲҪ㣬עһˣϽȥĵɡ


774 λ
Ԫ֮󣬺ջصСԺèСԺϢǰȥһƬʲôûС
ѵϢѽȷ۵ģվܵСĴҲգϢҾʹ
ǰš
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̴Ԫĵ
ջһʶԭû˯
ڻعһƬž
Ըڻ·մõףԸֱƿ˽ȥһĨʧֻԪĵһϮɫ˯ڴǰһͷں㷢δɷ٣ڱ¶˼޾׵Ķ쵰˫Щס
ԪĵһĨţ߳˭ġ
չ㵵ҲûҲҪѽ˵Ҳҵ·ȻҲġ
ԪĵɫӵźգҲ㲻Ҫ𣿡
ȷʵ֪Ժա
ûдֱߵԼ˱裬׼ȣ̷˻ȥһҧʮ¾
Ԫĵոһ˿
һۣȻ۾ЩףҪԵˮ飬͸ź죬ƣü͸һٸ飬֣ˣ֪ⶼĹͣΪ⡣Ŵң᲻
ԪĵһĿƵ⣬ƽ˵˵¹ֲ㣬ҪҲֻܹһ쵰磬Ǿ͵һжδΪ˸еھΡ
ǳǿӲʵձϾˣίĻԸǳǿԺʲôоⶼҪؼµĹϵ޷ܵģӲϣ˶еھΣʩ˵ᡣ
ʱԸա
գվ˵ӦķȭôţųҸôһ˵ҵǺΪˣģŮδҲ̫һ˰ɡԣŶҼǵƤ˵ЩǳԵŮˣһҪ÷ԵֶΣǾ仰ô˵⣬ԣѹ⣬ҰһתǺЦ
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պǺǵҾ⻰̫ǺЦˡھΣΪΪ˸еھΡ
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յôҸʲôǣϣҵȷеЩھΣֻұˡҷϸ룬ôҲֲͷҪ˵ҲܺߣģԪҵģҩµģʧȴңƾʲôھΰ㲻ˣжεֶλǸ
Ԫĵ˼Ҫ޳ܵ˲˵óֻûа취ҧ
Ҳ¶˼ı飬ѵûҸ𣿡
ԪĵĿգգۣ·𲻸ԼĶ䣬㡪˵ʲô
ż磬˫΢΢ſʧ㣬ѵӦöҸ𣿡
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ǲ׳۰鲻ԽĻõĻ棬ţֵûζ
գ̫
Ԫĵźգҧгݵ
յĵ㲻ҪӦ˽ҵģǷ¥ĻҲ֪ģƽƽȣɣҲ˵ŮƽȵģҵĵȷȷʧˣΪˣͿԲԱѽҲһǧ»ᱻȥеġǣЩ˲ںǱһֱҪҪĶΪ˸𡣡
飡
Ԫĵ͵һ棬Ȼ˫ȺȻһüһֳ棬Ӳҧûз
ռôأǲˣҪҪҰҩ
Ԫĵŭҩ˷ǹġ㡪㡪
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ǲǴ˵̫Ҫƴʼ˵˶ô˵ҶˣбóʵңǶˣҪд͵ϣ͵
ѵҾûҵ׶ˡ
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Σȴҿû˵ûˣҲûȥףǸɵģǰҲ˵ˣⲻҵ£ҲҪҸ𣬶˲ҲܺߣҾӲ˸ϵҪҸѵ⻰˵أ
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Ԫĵĥø졣
շ˷ۣŮ㽲òǻλ룬ҪҸ𣬶һ޳ܣ֪߳ܣ㲻ȥϵ
Ԫĵ⻰ϵĳ嶯ϵİοԼ侲侲㾿
յҵҪҲߣֻҪξͿˣˣӣڼӣҵϣžЩɡ
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Ԫĵ˵
̾ĵʵɣˣ죬νڤڤ֮⡣
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Ԫĵ˵귽Լϵٸ˵Ҿɱ㡣
ҡͷҲܹɱԼ̩ɽ
飡
һ֮ںǽ
ѵǴ˵Ϊ鲻ΪȫȽȽǵˣ̫ˡ۶գؼ̫ûзӦǵŵñͷܵģҰԪĵðɣðɣŮ˾ƤһЩΪ˸أΪ˵ҾһϣҶ㸺ʵϣҸ˰ɡ
Ԫĵ룬޿ܡ
պߵǺû˵㻹űˣдҪõҾӡơ
Ԫĵ㻹ߡ
ơôնʱΪ汦
޳֮ˡԪĵӵһۣҲƣһôȥһ˸˸Ƶáҧ㾿߻ǲߣ
յ㸺𡣡˵ͷ˼ϸĻҾ͸ûˡ
Ԫĵ漣ҪٲߵĻҾ˺ȥ
ҳȥ
չЦǺܲЦͣ
Ԫĵ˫ĿһɣЦô
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Ԫĵղſ庫յĿرˣӶˣݺݵĶźգվźȥ޳˳ȥҪô
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Ԫĵŭһȭȥ
飡
ʵʵںǰ
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ղ㲻ܵһȭ
Ԫĵһ㶣̧Ŀһƣֻյͷվһ㵵㡪Ϊβ㿪
̧ȭͷֻ̧ͷעԪĵֻ˫Ŀ΢죬˻ƵΪҪ㣬һеʹ඼ҴģȫйϰɣҲһЩ
ѵô˵ǹ⡪ԪĵһĨھΣĿҲͣźգðΣŵΪҪôã
ĹڰаԵ⣬ȴǿЦãⶼӦõġ
˵еΪĻԪĵͻȻ¶һĨЦ

͵һʲô˼
ſ֡ԪĵâһһֻϵС˹ȥ
Ҳ٣ոϽԱһŸأñžһ죬յͷһСѾˣųһ亹İвԽп࣬ѵƤݵ椡ɵ椣


775 ⲫ
ԪĵΪܹ½Ϊһԭġ
һеģĻеġ
սԪĵݺݵв
߲ߣ
϶ҵٸ𣬷ĻǲߵģȻϸĻ͸ûеˡ
ǾݹҲ
ԪĵֱһŽԲߵһԣһա
գ׳н
ɫһ

һ䶯Ԫĵ;ĳһʹһʱվȣֱӳźյȥ
ۣүҲ̫ҰɣӦĺˮûаſҸ˫֣һסϸϸ֫һֱס񱳣Ԫĵ§ڻʵ˫ǰģһŴ޻һ󣬲ûûֵʵ̫ˡ
͵ʴװԪĵڻһѵ״£ŭƴͽӷſңſҡ
ҪſˣǺվͳˣסԪĵƴļѹĦһȻƵԪĵȺ󣬽סһ˱Ԫĵϵ㣬ȴţҪҡ
Ԫĵϰ֮ˣǹƴĻǲ纫գϾ춼ڶټնûгԷ;쳣ƣΣʼ޷ѣûȣǼȾΣ΢΢ſңҲˡ
վǿҲţƭҵġһֻ鲻ԽĦԪĵǹ⻬ϸ֫˵椵ǰˣǰ͹̣˫ȣأԪգ쵰ٷŵҩˣӶƬˡ
쵰ǡԪĵ֫һĸоָоն͸ˣѵ˫ֶסģŭ֮£һҧںյļϡ

ղҽһ
飡
ͻȻ

ֻվǰ˫ۣһ˫СסС졣
ǰ׼ţҽ֮鼱֮±ֱӴ˽һΣʱɵˣΪԪĵǱģĽǶԪĵںջĳ棬ĶŰĲҪҪģˣĵ㲻˵뺫Ǽٽô
һʱ˫ǳãȻ
ԪĵתͷǶһһþ峿ĳͬ޳񾱶͸ˡ
ʱæĵ㣬Բ𣬶ԲҷүУΪʲô£ҡҲǹġ
Ůǽߡ̿֡ɺոûƵãЦǺǵû£û£Ժᾭģϰ߾ͺˡˣôϱԪĵأԲҷ֡
ͻȻԼĿģŶүĵȥԷү˵ҪǲĻͽͷ˹
Ц㿴ĵģܳȥԷô
Ԫĵֻ˯£ߺ죬ͷձڻ⻭ʵ̫æˡ˵Ͳֻ롣

ǰŸߣһĲҽУҧ͵ˣҡ
ԵûŲȴǸˡ
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鼱֮£һƣصĴԪĵƨϣеԡеԵĻһһʱǼϵʹ
ԪĵֻβһۣŭӣҧҲԽ
Ůİɣ
ƢҲһƴȥ
ԪĵҲоҪˣ˫Ŀգý
ƨϣȴѾκǵûκַֻΰһѣָ
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һͻȻְڻԭPOSSĵ˯ţ

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ۣøɶȥأ
ԪһգһֻĿɢȦɫֽ·һ̾ҪΪˡ
ԪҲǹƵģվ׵ģ۾ǺڵģԪĵڷʲôϷ
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տһͻȻϷ£΢΢ǰ㣬˫ֿϣûע⵽ǵĺܶضǶһ飬һ飬ñ˵żҴٯˮµĽũһҲӵʮĶأһҲŶʮĶأһʮĶأʵһԸʮĶأһ˷ѡ
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յͷʮĶʳ֮ζ֮ϧǱ밲ȥţܹͨɢһгɴׯ԰ȻͳһôԽʡһǻʲôɲȥôأ


779 Ȧؼƻ
Ƴׯ԰ŷǱ߲һŷǱ߶Ƿʽׯ԰ׯ԰ϴһӵһء
ƳЩȻӵǧأΪԭ򣬵رŪ֧飬ƳľǷǳϸģû˭Ҽ沢ũأһ㶼ũȥˣأȻȻͳΪ˵ũʱ沢أǼ沢ܱߵأǵ沢ũﲻġ
ϾЩũϰԼ棬ܹҲһԸԼ塣
Ԫҡҡͷ
Ƴũūũū޷˹ũũⲿֻоðȨûȨȫģǻǾסԼԭȵĵطͬһأֻҪǰռҲǣңÿ꽻һǸֻ÷ĵأúɽңһԸҡ
ЦҼǵùд󺵣İǨ㣬͢Ϊ˻ֹǨ㡣
ԪܵΪҲǵ
ҡҡͷΪͼֻҪܹ㹻棬ΪʲôԸ룿ɴҲ˵ղԸ룬Ǵ޻̸֮
Ԫֵ˼Ǯǰ룿
ֻα겻αҡҡͷֵǰũȫǣǵĹϵֻһǮֹϵǵķչǿҵģʽȡģʽ
Ԫü˵Ӷƣ
յͷÿǸǶǮÿٸʱһжǣһǻõҪ࣬Ҳӱ
ԪҡͷɲУһǼϵĸɾҪصöˣһ֣ǿǺã
ֵũģʽũǷǳɵģɵǰóеʧԵԣǾͺƤҷÿˣʲô٣ûйϵռǰˣҵũﱻˮˣûʧҪþ㽻˾
ֹӶģʽȻܹũǣǵİţǵ͵óеܴķˣǹη꣬Ƕ޹أÿµ÷ʸңƲˡ
Ƕȫ෴ľӪ
Ц˵ĺܶԣСǵ⣬ԪΪһĸ̣ҪĿŵøӳԶֹӶܹй滮һγɹģǽõĸܹ࣬ƶǵϽƻ֣ǶڵũͲܲˣͻʧҪľĻǷòʧΪʲôһڳȫƶʥľԼΪ˹ӶơңһҲܹոĵũ
Ԫܵ໥ﻹЩ׼
ֵҸһұĻܣڲõĽǱʮģͬʱշǳ˹ǵĿЩûصũǱԸ߰ĴҵԪҲôĻܻܵһĳ
ԪһҪĻܻȨ󡣡
ŵа취ǹӶԪڱУһùӶƣǾܹūȥϣùӶոǸء
ԪԥܻҪүͨ
Ѿ漰ԪڲĽṹԼ䣬϶Ҫͨľ顣
յǵȻ
Ԫܵؽ
ЦⲻǺѣֻҪ㹻ջǻǻӦģʹǳΪǵĵũһݳʮĹӶͬ㹻ЩѷũˡǮ⣬ԪҺܿͻһݺͬʱͶһʷǳʽԪң㹻һֵʧ֮ԪҲҪĿپЩӬͷС棬Ǽƻδʮ꣬ϰٵķչֻҪӵأͳľӪģʽٶǮҲܹ׬ġ
ʵյƻеȦ˶ʹϳ׷룬ַֻһҲûôϾȦ˶ǽȨ֮ϣȨǳ͢͢䲼ķǾƣ߱Ȧ˶ղȡº͵ķȻһжǻԪҵʵϣͨС˭ô棬Ҳȷʵ治Ϊرʱ̫ˣ˸𣬼ڵĺҲ
ƻܹķЩͥ˶࣬٣ÿũǳɣǻóһɣЩռ٣ͬأǾҪƴȥ֣ͳһ滮ǾͲ
һҪΪϽƻѧʱ·ߡ
ǻǱ˵ˣͿԪǱ߻᲻ͨնԴ˵Ƿǳģ˵Ͻƻǰ£ıһ¾ӪŻûġ
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ܶѶΪڲͲƲ䲻ȵԭԪҪܿһ㣬϶Ҫϵţ̼ԪҵӵܡΪʲôԪĵչܱóףԭϹӦתƷⶼϣܹڲ볯͢ȨͻͬʱԪµĻ
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ǣδ˵һԣת뿪ˣɼһǳԼˡ
ⲻ֪ȥֻǲݾߡ

ڽգַ˴䶯ʷмᵳ˽ңξм󷢵ݵʷ
뵱ƴʷ򣬽ǵõ˻ر
һĴ֣ڽ糯Ϸġ
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Ҳδ֪Ψг޼֪ǲеģмȷ˵һЩΥƶȵĻҪǿڵĻǲǸʵһ鷳
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ѾǵڶˣһǱ]ɶǳ޼ɵĵϵѽǳ޼ɰ仰û˵⻹ʲôؼ޼ɵҪ帮ûгɹλߪ帮ΪɣҲΪ飬ȻûɶʵȨչҲ
⼸¼һ𣬶ڳ޼ɵȨ˼ĳڴ˳УȨ
ֱɸĴ󳼿ߣ･ףʵۻǻʵۣͷøʵۻ죬г·

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ԪĵΧûзŷӦⱰСˣЩſҡ
սžǲԸſϻ̫Ǹʲô˰ɣԼһˣҷſҵʲôˡ
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Ԫĵ˫Ŀһ紥һ㣬һƬհףֻ͵һҪ˳
ʧգҩĴ̼£оҲһֱǷǳģģģǷǳһεĸоһ̣ĸܵǻȵ촽
ˣҲˣԭֻմմˣ׽ŪԪĵһȥֻһɵķҷ֮ӿУ˵ɿڣ·ջúվУʶȵͷǷԴȪ
Ԫĵ˫Ŀ˼֣͵ѹƴ㡪ſҡ
һҲ˹ѵӲܷߵζ׶ˣҪɱҪѵΪһӶıôǻ׹˵˫۽סԪĵȵԪĵþǰѧһֶΣˣҲܲˡ
Ԫĵһţһ߲׻һһ̣ټǿҲױˣҲƾȡ
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ԣһӳصĴͬʱҲ÷ǳã񲻹ôǴġ
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ԪĵһֻЩ̣٣˭飬ǺòҪ
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˵⻰ʱҲʮͰˮϰµģ֪Ǹʲô̬ȡ
ԪĵҡҡͷûĸŮԸ˷Լɷ֮ԴӦֻԪҵʵĴӦģǲܵġ
ΪյһһũһũԪִ壬ǲֻйڵϣ
պǺǵ㲻Ϊֻһ֪Сųũɣ
ԪĵҲδ˵֪֮ԴӦҪǾԪҡ
»ԪңҸоҲ̫ˡЦͲ´ˣӲũҲǴҹ㣬òѧ㣬ҷǳ
Ԫĵ𾪵źա
Ҳƭ㣬ΪҪġ
յ˵ҲûĸŮԸŮ˷ԼɷͬҲˣ޹ϸ֮ԴӦŻ£ԪҵǿԪҵ֪һڳǳΣգҲǳѣΪҪԪҵ֧֣ҵİǷǳģӦŻµΨһɡȻб䣬һʲôʱҲ
Ԫĵֻ˼飬ǾøжѣһŮˡ
̾˿γֲˣ֮Ҽٽ飬ǳҵĸ飬ҲȫǳԪҵ棬ҪңΪҵʵ̫ˣûе
ԪĵһֱôΪô
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Ԫĵ˺һֵۣʵ㲻ҪôԪҲ֧ġ
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СҰС첻мС֣⻰ҿɲͬ޼ɶҲûɶ˲ģҪǴ޼ôӨӨæȥæǴҲԶ纫硣
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ᣬոСҰܵںҲû⣬뵽ɶɶ
Ȼ˼ϺǻǲͦģǺշǳϲ죬Ϊ죬Ҫȥ˼ʲôɶ˵ɶһǷ¶һɶɣľˣǻǽյˣ˸׼ϵ棬ںǰԣǻ˼ɵġ
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Сո滵һ͵Ϸ˼ңöСŵ

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΢΢һЦҪһ㣬УںͳںǽȻͬģں棬ҪıΪںǱʵġǳںһɳչ棬ҲͬʱգԶںʮ꣬ʮ棬ҪԶȶںö࣬Ҫ뽨ڵĺͲܷıˣҪﵽƽĺŻ᳤ȥȻĻᱬìܵģûǴӡ
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ĿǰֻбԶһȯȯռķǳ죬Ǵֻһ϶ӱȻҲԪĵģ޷ֹȯԪгֻܴı档
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⣬ǶڳˣҪ⹤Ҳ鷳ǿڳǽ췿ݾס˳չڳڵķݣǿгáоٸѾкˣͬҲҪгǵ֧֣ǻ°빦ġʱǻҪϸ̸һ̸
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⻹ˣĿǰصʱģǳ֮ƣǵƷ϶ǹӦӦˣǱزٵġ
üˮֽīһᰲҴ壬㹻ԭϣѾ¶ˣǲҪزڣǽһֽīھƵĻΪԪҹֶ뼯أҴ㽫ƷᵽǱȥĻΪǵԪĵйŵǻϽ
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Ц˿ɲҴǮģһ㣬۳ּңɱǿˣˣǮģǧҪȥΪǮǣǲһͭڼﻹռط
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ֵŶϽϵơˣһˣǵʱٿһϸĻ飬ʱŸոտʼ


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ʵһֱ̣⼸ǻ֮ϣǮֻһ쵼ߣͷ¥ԣʵûзֻСС֣Ȼ棬һֱǷǳ͵ġ
Ȼⲻ˵͵ʵǲԪҵ⣬ҲȷʵԪڱϵң˷ţ˵ԪҪԶԶʤҪȥӪԼȻٿг⣬ȫأյԪңϵģйٳϵġ
ҲΪʲôԼϣԪԼܹٷܶʮꡣ
źһζǺվԲôΪȻ˵ҳҲǲǿ˵ԪϵͶʣǻͦʵģһֻĹϵǻķǳ޷νӡ
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΢΢һ㶣˵ˣʵеĶǳ˳һжԤƵǰ㣬ҿͦģҲӦ֪ˣûбҪȥ̫ɽˡ
ЦҰȥ̫ɽֻΪǴ쵥ദĻڴ޼ңߴڳܱûˣǶǻ˼ɵģ̫ɽǵԴĵطǷ׵һУȫĵͶڰУźˣһóһ
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˵ԶҪȵʧȥȥϧ
һ̾ʵϻֱǷǳڡ
һЦҲǡ˵ţȻһƬƵϼۣƯϼ
ջͷһվϴϴ֣ɾµС֣ȥºʲô
յȻϼУ˵ȴ޵ģڽʧӦϧ
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ҪԼԹ޻ڵ߹һǺе뷨ɲ뽫Լڡ
һ˵ɽһգǧꡣ
һ޹򣬺˵黰ܱ˼һ˵ĶҪ࣬ÿһ֣ÿһ룬ķǳʵ
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֣Ҳ޸ĺõ˹һαȵһҪöˣȻǺе£Ѿ㹻ˣʵҪǵԼıֽԼйŸƵĿѧ˼롣
һ͵Ʊֽİ棬Ͼ˭ᣬֻԶ֡
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⺫ղŸոսƺãԼδüͣһСǰͨ棬ŵʤߵ̫ࡣ
ƳŮԻǱȽ϶ģȻ󹬣ܹ󳼼ģƽȻĻҵЩŮôȥ͵飬֮󣬶ŮԿʼнһƣǱȽϿŵģʵǵ˱ΣŮԻмߵȨǾ֮ҹ󣬱λҵŮܵ˽裬ξͿʼᳫ࣬гѧŮҪӣ͸ϸ淶ˡ
һ빬϶ϻصĻ⣬Ҫľսа̾һĻҪˡ
ȻڹеĹأ󳼲󹬣Ҳ͵͵һС棬̫໹ǴźѵӪȽϽˮ鿣ǳľǱϻвٹŮ
ʱһϣǳµŲ裬ַݲ֣һҲԿΪʲôܹץסεģݲֶ಻ʤΪʲôҪԼΪֺôʺǿ϶ȥѧġ
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ոݺõģ㳢
һЦ豭
ܹƷݵĲ裬ܳ
նһǳһڡ
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ʵܶ˶ϲҶ嵭ʿ࣬ȴǺ˵ġࡱΪʲôϲսҪԵһģ䳣һͨĸо
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֣ССһ裬㶼Ʒ⾳ҲѹЩ嶼мӡ
ղһ㶣ѵĿġ
һЦӹУҲǶ֮һ֪ǳͷһô¬֣Ĵ֧֣Լǵӵʵ˸еѽ
ڨڨһЦֻǴҸˡ
ҺǣʲôǶˣˣҴҲƳѧˡ
֣սǰΪζԴôȤﻹЩף֮ѡƳѧйŸƣΪдԹ˲ϾЩٶû뵽ﾹȻһӦ֪ڳеĴ˵˺
ҵĳ޷ȥı䣬Ψһܹľ취øأõҵϿɣҲſ;ߵĸԶѵӪĿϸЩѧ˵ϣΪ¬֣ҲڿЦ
Ȼ˵ԼǴйŸƣƳѧ˼룬⻰̫УҲ̫ţʹеˣҲΪѧԼҲ֪ΪһٶΨһľֱ˵ˡ
Եͷʵѡһ帮ǲͬ·ߣ帮ɣԼ;ǳȴǹԼ￴Ϊ߱帮˵ƣֻ̤̤ʵʵߣΪѡ̣ǵ̣߷̡
տЦʵҴСûжʲô飬̶Ǻ˽⣬ҲӦÿˣעµ֪ʶѧУҲзӵأѡѧҪΪ˼аԣ㡣
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ʵǺ棬ΪûɶϵйϵĻ϶Ҳһǣֱʵǣǲôкβ֮
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º΢̫ˣǶܻŻԵĴ
ջûпǵһ㣬ΪҲ񷨵ˣƳѧ˼룬û̫עⷽ档
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795 ŵĲ´Ь
˵ôΪԼ棬ôͿ˵ΪԼ棬ϴ棬Ϊ˳ӵĴɡ
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Ȼ֪ղǹģΪһֱնǽǰ棬ֻ̫źյҪ䣬Ŀֵһʰûй˼ɵһĻǿܻɲӰ죬ֵҪͷɲ֦
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Цȥҵ³ңԨԴ
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ᳫʲôƽ𣬻һ˼룬ʺҲ޿ɺˡһ˼룬ںų
ɴ˿ɼȻﲻ죬ʵıԶǣԶںգ̽ǿݣƽȣϻʺ֮󣬷˼ҲĪİ
Ϊʲôʱ̷ǳʢУʺ󶼸ȾҪΪ񷨣ƺ󣬶񷨣οʵ̵ۣĻƵȾǵ̵ĴʼӣҪʵ۵Ļ϶Ƴ̣ΨΪʺϣƽȣŮһ
Թûʲôһ˵޹غû̶ͳе˭ʢУҪǿ˭ʺϣΪԼȻЩΪµ档
Ϳ˺գѧ˼ôҲŲһȥ˼Ƭ̣ǣҴ֮ԼƳ̣Ϊ¤һǲ̫ʥϣǵ£ι˼룬д󳼻ΪɼƳ̣Ƿ̣ʼǳбزٵ
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յȻˣǷƳңܸıʲô˲޳ɣǻ᲻޳ɡ
˵ͻȻһתܹ֧֣ôҾΪ˵ĻȻǲ˵һҿܻδ뵽һ˼һ㣬ܵ
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Է飬ûдǿȺշƳ˼룬ֻϣ֪еĹǣͿˣΪ֪һˣµģûҵ֧֣Ҳûٿ⣬ˣտ϶Ҳˡ
׵ǵĻһǵġ
Ųǳһڣֵˣϻмһ£οģ
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յмһ±ֻһƷԱңʵ滹и˼ǹ˹ټԱΪԤʾŹ˹ǾЭģѾв˻Ȩű²ԴӲġ
ܲϢĸ״ģ˷ܵһ϶û˯žǾɣֻ身֮ڣ˵Լ롣
Ҳף˵ôֱӣ㲻⻰ôҾ˵ˡ
Ϊʤ㼸Σ
Ц⣬ɫȻѾȵͷˣ浽һ̣Ҳ£Ҫˣˣǳ׵ˣ˵ˣڵ϶ҲǷǳ̿֡
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ͷȴǳüչ̾ôһĻԿϣĿǰĪˣ˹Ȼ׵壬ǹ֮һҲö˵⣬־Լ˾ޡ
յȻҲҲˣǶͷˣǾͳоܴ飬ҲǲΪǣ˹ǿ϶Եģôʣ¾˾տֵȥȡ
̾ڼ볤ԴԶ縨̫ʥϵģ˹ϵǳҪãҲվڹ˹ǱߵġΨʣ˾ޣ䲻ǹ˹Ǳߵģ걧ڼңջʳίܣҲидɡ
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ǽǲݳסˣ컹һǣش˳˶ֱӵսŤתĽȥʱȫӦԵĻֻоͶΪҺӱʤϣǲӮʤ
˵ԪҵĶԪҵȣѡҲѡԪңֻֽϵʵȣ˶̱ʱһˣսʤսҲǶ಻ʤϸ£ǵȫٶ࣬鷢֮Ǿһˣ˭Ҳ֪ᷢʲôٸ򵥵ӣƺǳԣǻһжδǰ˭ұ֤鷢֮ÿ˻Լĳԣʵսʵսڱ¡
ҪǵӦǣûѡԼ׼Ƿ֡µǶ·ˣѾƴνһٶ˥ߣƸ߰Ȼóʤ׷ԽʱǾ͸Ҫбʤľģо仰֪ûŵл´ЬĵʱĵӦöԷǡ
һϯһǿļעŹâϸϸĥһ˷ܵ˵ĲŵĻЬġ
ԭһ˹ʺˣ˽գʲôģӮ컯֮УҲһصǰҲ˰õĵӦǳ޼ɣ̸󹦳һʮģ鲼Ұϥ¶Ů޼ɲ䲻ˡ


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ȻǷģʵǹǸеģպһȼƷǳϸᣬһȨȨݻδܵộ˻ʵۣʵһ٣ĳ̶ȣϻʲôͣȾ˻ʵۻҪˣԴӳʷʧ֮ͳ׶룬û״۾ͱǴ
ܹľǼ£ѾҲˣ֪˿̿϶ǾѶǾͱȫ֧Ȼȥⲻܹġ
뺫һľͽ˶ɶˡ
帮ˣǿ϶ǰ⣬ǣ㲻Ҫ£ǵʤʵǷǳߵġ
ֻȥЩӹ֮ˣҲһľ棬ǵñκ˶Ҫ࣬õҪǾϵİ
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֪ѧ֪ҪʲôûаʲôıƣòˣھʵĽþʤݱսǽԶ˵ǰ϶ģֻҪ˶һȥӮУƫƫˣݱսҪ˲֪ٱһˣ͵ðʤ㡣
һ͸ӿغգú֮ţûУͻȻ˵գЩӣһֱϵ£ıҪҪİ
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һЩﻰֻ˵ζ˵ΪεĽǳͬ˵棬߳ڷ޵Ĺϵսȫ棬ⶼΪһǳҪĽ飬ڷ޹ϵ棬ͬˣεĻȨ棬һǳЧ
Ϊʲô˵ճԵҷôһ˼ȻͬˣһˣϾˣҲĿǡ
һ㶣漴ɵô
΢ЦΪ⻰ܹȥ˵𣿡
治帮ǣֻ帮ǱϾڹٳϻ켣꣬ǵĶǾйٳʵģûоܹЩȾ帮͸սȫֲߵĸо
һ仰ºܳЩ˼ˣЦǣֻԼҵΪȽºǸҪ帮ǵİϾǳڹٳϵ򶼲ףҵЩһЩҰ·ӣżûܹЧ˳á
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ʵˣĸ϶ǵһֻΣʱҪչĵʱ㾹Ȼסᣬ᲻Ϊٰ
ЦʵΪԶڿǣǲ뿴һҪܶߣû˻ںκһߣˣľǿ鲹©࣬໹Ƕһ޶ģ࣬ߣ˳֮Ҳ
ۣⷬﲻ˰Σ漴̲סڴЦֻһһ£ζķǳȻ
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˵ﻹǷǳжо仰˵÷ǳԣڣڲ϶вŽڡգкĹڣҲ˵Ϊ棬ѡԼ棬Ǵ˽
պȻоâһٿǣȸˡ
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Ϊʲôռ뿪ˣһ˲糯һ㣬šˮˣεҪ


ΰ׳۰
𿴺ߵüﻹеˬϾҲʲô˾ӣȻûһ뷨Щ£һ̾ˣǿ˷羰ⲻеϲ֮Ҳ
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տʼѵǳƵħѵ
ҪǣͻȻ٣ϵԪһڵıƽʱ٣ҲȥҪǼˣͳˡԪһ͵ģľǺһ㲻ˬǾͱףŶȽȻǶҪã
ƲһвվŶ۰
͵͵ȥ𣬲Ҳ֪ЩѧԱһԹʱ¶϶֮١
ʼʱνѧԱˣѵ룬̬ȿʼתˣЩѧԱãù徫ȥЩѧԱأǶʩһƺõģܻɵЩѧԱһֱǳˣҪЩѧԱǣǵȵǱҵ֮ȥ񰲾֣Ǻվͱˡ
񰲾ͷĸȫڶ壬Ψһû֧͵þ̸ˣʵЩѧԱǺս񰲾Ϊʵĺܡ
ܽڹǼܱ
𣬼ԺʯԣϷһϣһ飬ǽζյҲ֪
գֻεغ﹫ӡ
תͷһϲգ
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Գһ䣬ֵˣ﹫ӣڿʲô
ŶһһЩ峯°ҽ
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ЦԹΪ֪档
ҡͷΪˣǰϰɷǹۿʷ飬Щͳ޶ɷģǿǵʲôԴϻðպҲףɷ֮ԵҲӦȡ֮˲οЩ尸ҪаһЩ
СͱȽԱԴϻʥľԼ󣬾͸ģʼ׼ȥԼ룬һƵĹȡ
ҲǴϻؿʼԼͺͦйͬԵģɷһ̵ļ⣬պò״˺գǺһЩǿչ뺫յۡ
նɷǷǳ˽ģһɷɷǳ˽⣬Ͼһʴ˽صɷǻ֪ʶܣʲôܵʲôңͱòˣɷǳмʶģҲ˳ӲٵĽ飬ȻһЩںļ⣬ɷʱڽڵˡ
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ձԪһĸ˳ȥ
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ȻҲЩӡˢһһЩ飬ҲֻǽѣϻǹЩԼ취⻰˵ȻȽ֪ʶһ治תģΪЩںĿƼµʵֵģƳûƼʵֲ˵ĻǾǿ̸ҪЩǳ˲Ĺǵǻˡ
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ŵԺգĵ˼£ԷθĿģտˣⲻһѽ
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Ԫĵһͷۣ˵ĳǸʱǿҪˣƵǸֺͷָۣʱͬһСһ㣬ȫ׼·ȴһϲ϶ΪϽƻİɣãҲҪ
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ԪĵʵȻ̸ʲô
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ũֻԪʵۺĴ壬ܹתСǿ϶еģΪСԼûг˻ʵũܣ£
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ǿɶȨ󣬵ﲻһô㣬ӵôӰھƻ˹أЩ϶Ըģ϶Ԫǵеİࡣ
ǰֵĶ棬Լι볯͢ĳͻᣬҪǿ棬ȴЩ壬˵ΪũƶЩ壬ԪҾǵòʧ
⵹Ҳǣ
ɫصĵͷԪĵǿ취
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Ԫҵκη紵ݶҶضزˣֻҪսǰĹأ϶ܵĴѹ
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ԪĵƺҲע⵽ȵĿ⣬ЦһȾϼһ۵㿴ô
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Ԫĵ͵͵ƳһۣȻ񣬰쵰ǿɶ񣡵㵽ʲô취
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ԪĵƬֵ̣ˣǱȥǶ
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극󣬺ǷԸˮ϶ȥ˼ԪԪ֣˰ͷȥϴˡȻŮǲٵģΪĻ˼ȥźϴ裬ôˣɣľǿܶǾƻ˹أԪ̫ˣñԪһϴ
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תͷԪĵ¶˵΢Цбʪˮһս
Ԫĵü棬ŭһߵĽһϡ
С椣ûɼףôô˯˴󴲣˯̣ŶûСյһЦʵĽӵϣȻŴȥﻹǷǳᣣֻԪĵű˯棬Ψһܹģһͷں㷢
ҾͲôģһתŴ˫ֱأ˫һš
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޳֮ˣ
Ԫĵһ䣬һס䡣
䡪䰡
Ԫĵʵ̲סˣߵ㷽бʪʱ򣬲ͦôã
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Ԫĵƫͷһֻڴߣɪɪ֪ǹģȴûһ취ŴҹǺģǱӣðģҧҧվǺݲ̿Ҳû
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䡪䰡
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Ԫĵ΢΢Ŀֻ̾ʵҲ˯ɣ


799 ˮ
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Ԫĵ˫ֵǰĿô󣬺촽΢ţɷˡ
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ɬɰģҲװȥˣЦ
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ո죬Ըеĺ촽ͱȵ˫סˡ
ֻ״̬ǣѾǵڶˡ
мǿֻŵԪĵʶľѿȴʹܵǻȵıϢһϤоֻԼҪۻһ㣬˶ʮƣӿͷһ̣÷ǳľƣԸǶԿԼĸоֻһΣ΢΢ĿС΢ţʺСܻӭԷһ顣
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Ů̫ɰˣնԽϲ§øҲҽ顣
ûûˣҲԪĵֻԽȣôȥˣϾһǳԵŮˣҲŶˣͻȻѿ̺죬˫ˮ洺飬źգĿȴޱȵɬֵ۸ҵġ
չЦɲ۸ģ۸ĻھͿԿ϶ĸ㣬ҽ۸һӡ
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Ὣ뻳УЦǰ˵ңǶܺߣҪͷͳͷҰɣĪҪԼӡ
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Ԫĵղ˵ˣ̧ĿһٵĿһϽ½ϣһƬ̺죬ѵ䣬룬ôʱѵԵЩײģֻǸ˺һƵİۡ
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ʹһأǺյʱؾᣬ˵˸û˵һµȷ꣬Ҳ˵Ŀ
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ԪĵԵͷ
Ҳʹ⣬ǱҪվǱߣԪĵȴϣܹõһƽĴ𰸣ҲǽԸǳͬĵط
͵͵ƳһۣҲ޳Ƴǿ
Ŀģ춷綷мܵģ֪ǿ϶ͷϴģԪĵɿڵĻһǳĵģڿʼվıԺͬߵˣ۹֮Զ˾̾ӣ
ԪĵæΪΣ
յƳǿҲǽӴ٣ԸǿǿģԽǿӲͻԽҪ֤ԼǶԵģô£һӼᶨȥΪôǾ֤ǴģҲ˵ϴ޴ģ˵Ըͷ𣿡
ѵѵˣԪĵһݣ˫ôģǿǺã
ЦˣͬҲ㲻ǽοԼϣĻƳǿһеǳԼĴ㲻ӦýԼƳǿĵˣӦýԼĽ㡣
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Ԫĵ΢΢üʵԸҲҪǿͷҲѡ
̾˿޳һν㻨ѼģӦҪϧ˴˲ǡ
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Ҳǵ㵽Ϊֹ̫ˣøһ˼Ŀռ䣬§һ˯˹ȥ


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ѵѾˣԪĵԺдƬ̣һ̾صϴһįĻصԷһ޵ĻĻƿϣΪĶԪĵǷǳϲĪľͺˡ
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ŵʤȻľСĵػǺõģһ޶ģˣ˵ȥϳˣéѽ˾գɵñѽҴƿɲ˾հ
̾˿Ӣ۳ĺ
ŵʤֵ˾գúϢۼҾȻȥˡ
ҲţǲװģӾǲȥϳˣټ򲻿ɱޣҲûж˵ʲô
ŵʤһߣץ¶ͷϵʪԱһӣĿ̾һ


յرһЩ¹ԺУúлζչƵĸо
𿴱ﻹһʵѾΪҪһʮ·ڣ֮ı䣬Ǻǻδ֪ˡ
Ǿô粨ҹҲߣԺУԺƾơ
һůϮתͷһֻһŮվ󣬽һڵϡ
ˣ˭ҡǵ
壡
˾Ļشһ䣬ȴǵùһֵۣôû˯
ϣüģ˯ţ
շŰ۵ܲܺú˵
Цҵķθ֮԰
տЦһͻȻʵгü𣿡
ǵͷ
ӦðüһֱصĹ
ǵǰҷ͵͵Ƽġ
л֤

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Ѿû˭ù㡣˵ţƲƲ죬ôר飬ȻΪϵ£ǿ϶Ϊٳϵ¡
ѵһ죬ҡҺר𣿡
ǵͷȻĻҲᵽڶµġ
պǺǵҿɲϵˣҿ԰㣬ͦģҷ¥Իƽ
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ڴЦƾһ仰Ҿһ
ɱ̰СľƺŶ
û⵨ӡ

һһϵرģʵͦģΪǱ»Ҫ˼һЩҿЦǴδܸ˵˵ɫЦǳ⣬ͷķƾʱȴһֱĵ죬˲ŸԻ˯
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Сֱ̫ӴźǵڣȻˡ
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⻰˵öѽҪʺһˮƽҲڵֵز
յᲢۡ
Ҳǲǿ˵һãʼʹᲢۡ

һʱڨڨЦ
ͻȻЦһɫصգƶǷǳ˵ļıֻȨ֮ƣȥֻԽڵ
յͷһʱᣬȷʵûиõİ취ֲò¼ȥʴҲų²ߡ
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οŶˣֻĪᣬ˼Ǳ䣬ֻ帾ףԴһ˿׳Եգһֱ޽ෳգεĳӣϣһҲܹһ֮
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աҲȥ档
յ̸жԣҪɲ٣һVSս
ʵ޼ҲǷǳȣΪεԶԣһܴ죬жʱ䲻ˣû뵽һ˳ǵ¡
أʤȯգΪ棬ȫռơ
һ󣬳޼
ĿһɨֿżɽλǰΪ˹ڲ»ʺһ¡


808 ľ
ȽϵһضԣεҪӼһЩһظϾֻһ̽ԵĽӴҴӵһûʲôأôһȻǺɫ
޼ɡ־أԱտڲԣκα顣
ȴû뵽ӲӲˣվóȥ񷨣žݺݽνѵһ
бĿһɣղã䣬ʺѾò룬ϲǣ޵ļ¶̸£
֮⣬ϲң
ȻͣҲʵƣһֵԹҪЮϳҲҲӡ
һϲ˼֪ҪЮˣ߯Ҳˡ
֪ͻȻһתֵǻʺҪĸ£ܲʾǳţɨسţ²ŽԲΪ󣬱¿ѡ֮»ʺ󡣡
Ǿ仰ʿڹŴǷǳǷǳҪ⣬˵ԽȥĿ
һ仰µޱȡ
Ҫʺ󣬵Ϊ𣿿϶ǵġѾʽˣûκʱ˵ˣһˣҲֻӣܱȵҪѽδزʺͻϵɱɱˡ
ôҪԼҪģǻʺֻһͻƿڣŪ˰죬ڻǰѡ»ʺǻʲô
ĺգһ䣬һΪʵ̫ƯˡʵҪ»ʺǴӦֻﲻУѡ⴫ȥ˼Ҳͱˣһֻǻʺأѡ֮޿ɺǣһƬİ
ŭȭקţĥ죬ڽϵףԴʿͱҸ˳ϾҲޣںҲ
͵͵һƳҲ֪Ǻǡ
üӡ
̫ǹϳǵλ졣
̫һĹǹ̸ʺģ⵱ȻҲǵ˼ĿľҪ̺λ˼Ǹǹ˵ĳҲ˶٣ɲǻʺɡҪõ̫ӵѪǺһ̫֮ӣҲ޳ɰ
ʵöʼðˡ
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Ҳûа취Ҳһ㣬Ҫа취ڿ¶ʷˡ
ȴǶ־߰ͣǻ̷ȵۣȵ۲ˣ½֪½Ϊ󣬱˳Ц
˻һȲ˵޼ɡ־ľ㶼˵õģʵûʲôɿңԣϵصܹڲ֮ء
ΪһɳڲǾǳԷֶΣôϵصˣѽҸΪʲôʺܷϣҾٸ㣬ΪʲôãӲͬĽǶ룬㻹ʲô˵
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ǵϷ޿ģΪ˾ѾʽˣǼ򵥵ͷ
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ʵҲǺںҪ׼ﲻ빬ΪʵҪȢޣҪʡݣʡˣʡִУѵǵʱͲ֪ǿ϶֪ģǻ׼ˣΪʺԸ
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ҲǵͷѪضˣһ׹ѣ޲ðƤѪ˼費𰡣
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޼һϲѾʤѽΪôƣҲƲȥ΢΢ƳʾˣҪ˵ѾӮˣձβˡ
ۿʤ˵ѾΪԼĿڲ۷ˣûע⵽޼ɵﻹ룬Ϊ˱ҹζ࣬Ҫοջ飬ͷ̣ǰһͨһ£̨ǰ棬ȡ̨̰棬нͷ棬ͷǹñ
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￩һ£ʣɱ𣿿תһ룬̫ˣȫͲʵ۵£ŭתΪɱС
޼һŵ亹乣ǿ϶ɱģǻʵѾͷˣһһ֮¿ڣǸˮѽû㿪ڵģ²ǿ϶ˣæ£й´󳼣ʹҲܼ̣
־ŵﻹҳָòͣһʺŪȫûκ׼
һͻȻֲ֣ˣǣֵˣǱѽŭ޿ûнй´󳼷ϣʾ˾ˣĸй´׽̰͹ñڵ𡣡
ǵһңй´˵£ôй´󳼵һԲϾ徣ŶֲܡʵǾ˾ˣ̫ξ򳤱ѯʡ
޼ɴʱƵ£ֻӸһЩ⻹ǺõģǰΪ£ΪҴµĺëͣˡһΡ
δҲûеףҲһͰˣ֪¿ɲˣǵ׵Ļᣬµ˰Ѻȥռࡣ˵һۣ뿪ˡ


809 ؼ
Ǹ߳𣬵ûϵôһ
һ̾ˣ޼ɼĻᣬû˵ҪɱҲûоʹ˰ݡ
˽һվŵˣҲǾһ亹⡪ǳʲôأûа취ζ֪ȥˣɼ޼Ҳǰº͵䣬ˡ
λվʧǣεĿ˳޼һۣʱҲԼ̫ˣŪɳ׾
޼ɱ޵Ҫʤľ֣òһͷѪӣҲϾսѣͷʾҪżһȥġ
͵˳ȥ
޼ͻȻƳ磬һĨɱһеһжΪǸŮˣһȻ־˳ȥ
һߣպͬʱ˿һۣ¶΢Цʵ˶ǳһ亹
һ仰Ťת棬岻һ̸УŷǳԶ壬ΪԭѾˣҲΪ⻰˵Ǿ̫ˣŪԼҲܵ𺦣˵ඪѽεʱЭˣҲӦüȥˡ
һ仰γ׾룬ξʧȥЭѡֻܼȥһ仰ǾԼһ
޼ɡߺ󲻾ã۷
΢檣μ¡
㷽Ҳ̫ˡʵԼŻˣ־Ųġ
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θϽЦΪİ㣬Ҳûй㣬ʵһ仰ǰ޴æ˵ʱ⿴˺һۣúճ˲
Ѿﻢˣ̸ȥǲܵˣһʵۺͷ̸ǲǶԵģ붼޵ݣһ仰ֱתƵһȥˣβŵԽѡ
ʵΪδ
һƥ̫¿ɲ
ˣҲ˲ʲôǣ
΢΢üֿգգΪأ
׵£΢ΪӦ
һźա
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յӦԲΪʺΪѺϳضǳķ粨˹ҲؽΪ˾ƴһˡ΢˵һ䲻õĻǵ̫ξͻңҲУִǽռѺô̫ξڲ㾿ô£϶̻ౣ
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ﲻûգǳмգһֱǽΪͷȴ¡
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εͷΪѰҲùգԽͷֻޡ˶٣ֵǣ¸μȥأ
յֻҪקܹΪӮóԣʱգڼ䣬ǱҪȡ˾޵֧֣ò˾޵֧֣ͻΧ
ûʵǲеġ
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ûԡҡҡͷҲôΪģǵǻ֮󣬾Ϊݴʷּӷ䣬ֻϽְܾ䣬һֱ没ڼң޵ûж
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εͷ޼ǵ÷ǳ
գǲǲʲô
ҡҡͷǲôǱҪȫȡ˾յ֧֣ϾĿǰģҲΨһȡġ
Ρͬʱͷεȥ˵˾ա
һ̾£΢ְ΢ƶ΢ȥĻ˾նᵱ¡΢黹ǵô޴飬ȥһزУأȥģӦҲûʧõ֧֣洦޿ɹġ


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޼̾ǵʱڣ֪ʱʲôʵǡǡǵ˵һ仰ѾˣҲΪʤû뵽ƾȻΪɶǣǵʱ棬һȣؼģŮǲ򵥰
襵ǿǺãһһ֮£潫ɱˣǿɾˡ
޼ɵͷҲΪĵģ¿϶ǳŭѾʧȥǣ治֪ʲôȻʱֻýѺɼ»һЩ˼ɣĵľں£ұ빬ұ顣
СǱ²Ӧأ
޼ɲüͷ
ӦĻΨһİ취ֻʵ˵ˣηͳ˺ˣǡǡǳ޼Ϊ˼ɵġ
襵̫ξȥɡ
޼ҡͷɣյƵȷ˵˷ǳŭĻڱɿǵƾͷǳΣˣұҪԳ棬õκʧ


810 ̽Ҽ
Կ˵ǳ޼ɵұۣ˵ǳ޼ɵİ˭Ҫ޼ɣǱȹһأǵҲԽεıһˣôڳ޼ɾ¶ˡ
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̫ξǿ䣬ʱѾǱӮĳˣΪ仹ҪͱˣȻĻѾӮˡ
һ޼ɣԵ쳣ļһ˿ŭ
ķŭû޼ɵķУó޼Щǰ÷Բȥ̾ˣٱԹҲ޼¡˵ţͻȻô֪
յҵʱվ棿
Ҳڣ޼ɾȵ
յͷһˣǷǳµģռһЩˣΪҹְȽϵͣ޷ֻ飬°վ棬ڹؼʱǵĻҲȥ˲֪Ҳ
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޼ɵͷϷСѾͷһ仰Ϸ򶼲ò
ʵؼ仰˺޼ʱǲܸĹ涨ںѾΥˣ㻹ʱǳʺҲƲʱһ˵ôһ˵ĻֱѾʤ˴
Ϻ겻̽Ұɣհֹһ䣬ȴҲΪ֮٣Ϊᵽ̫ʥʱǾѾǳŭˣûзŭңһ侲ǲ˵仰ġ
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յǺ帮˶ϳ䣬ǱҵĽ飬ȷ䡣
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޼΢΢ۣâһò̾ѵðѵãᣬȻϵ͸͵ʱϷҲ㰡
յ̫ξˣС̫ξȣֻСӱϾ⣬ñһҪһЩʱСΨһǵľǺĻ̫ξѡ
޼ɸЦĿǰ˵κ¶ûҪϷ±һŭ֮£⽫ɱˡķǳãϷȻûпˡ
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޼ɵ˵˾ޡ
յͷ˾Ŀǰ̬ģҲǱΨһȡġ
޼ɳü
յ̫ξܹȡ˾յ֧֣Ǽ˵Ӯˡ
޼ɳĬã˵ȵϷ𣿡
һ㶣˵˵̫ξƱɣӦ٣֮ˣ൱ޱȣܱսҲ
޼ɵͷʵϷ򲢷ƱɵģӵޡϷͬΪҲжʮˣʹٲϤҲ֪֪סԭĹϵǳҪã˵޵ĶʦԴ޿Զһ󣬾ĹϵԶˡе𣿡
һҴȫ֮ͻʣǳսҲɃصľ棬⽫ܣ̫ʥȻϣ·ܣ˵ǴԪ˧˾ĹϵУẦԼẦ
޼һĨɫЦͬĵϷλ̫ξλ˾գȻʵȨھпǷǳӰģǶҪʤ޺
΢΢üȷʵҲˣ޼Ȩ㳯ҰǾĴҪˣǿֻһ·ˡǺվ仰ǳֵѰζ
޼̾õҲǷԵģϷҲһˣ¿нȥ˵˾գ
һǱԳƶƴˣҾһСľ˵ɹˣ̫ξǵɱҲɣ¿ܻȥ
޼ɺǺǵδҲ̫߿Լˣ޲ӦĻȥҲӦģд㣬˭ȥҲһ˭ȥҪؼģȥ˵;ȥ˵ˣù˼Ϸ˿ʲô޿ҲƲ簡
ǣ΢΢ףȴһĨĹâʵֱ֧أ̫ξӦ֮ߣ
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ʵΪ޲̫ѡվΪ֧ΣþͻӮôСĽˣܻô󵨵ľ
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޼ʵ㻹δ˵νȳ
һʵҲ涯䣬ĹؼϣһԴΪõİ취ֹΪֻҪֹˣôȻǡ˵̫ξѾǧཫȳˣʱҲܼӦеãֹΪĹУԽʵĿɼΡ
޼ɵͷ˵÷ǳе˶٣ֵգУǰϷæϷʱδ뵽ģģЩϷ򶼼ģȵʱˣϷһġϾϷǶѾˡ
֮⣬Ҫúսǵİడ޼Ƕ飬ԭҺգֻúΪڼ飬ͨ籨ţܹһ㣬ѾǳģǺչֳ˷ǷĲǣͨ籨ţܰıߣڰ֣ȷʵǳοһϯ֮˻رĲ̫ˡ
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һȥ֧֣ת̽޼ȥȡ޵֧֡
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ȻΪʧ󣬶ڱҪȥȻѾؼңʱһְ޷ܵģǱεһʧܺ󣬺սȥĻܻǽƵͬĵ޼ǴʱֵĻôд󳼻ΪѾˣκһǲܹܵġ
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ԪȻвҲûа취һ粨ԪҲܲ𣬵ͷӦ


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ΪԼǻ̫ѽ˵ܹյҲգҪ룬Ҳܹ⣬Ҿ˿ЦһôУ䣬ҪΪҳ仹ұ빤ҲǶ֪֮ͣҲǱһݶ顣
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ҡҡͷҪ˵Ϊȵ۵һ仰Żɽ֮
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֪ʺȵۣĪҪݣȵ۶̫ξʼշǳΣһ£һ¡̫ξȨȵϰߣǡõԸԵЩֽȻ෴Ըһ˵ȵۻ᲻ᵣǱ»ᱻӼܿգȵΪǵ顣
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ռ˵ȵһ仰ƶ˵ģʵھ̫ξΪʲô̫ξµĹϵᱻ䣬෴ĽǶпܻᱻ䡣̫ξҪȨȣⱻ䡣ǽˣȵۻģΪһ֣Ƕڴԣʵ̫Σˡȵ۶˵Ҫ̫ξ
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ͻȻҵĲ˵ûһֱûᵽģС˲ԣһֱΪԼǶԵġⲻ֪ǱҪôģСôģûһϵʵûȨʲôʵۡ
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ֵȻ಻ҿɴδǺ䣬Ϊ־ڴˣֻСǼ˲Żλϣȴ˽˵ĶԹҲ˵һһỳǻĲȥ̶ݣȥ̶ҲᾡΪ̶ݰ£෴ģֻػسԼʧȥһС
ҿ㻹ȵ۵Ķ飬Ӧôһˡȥ̶ݣľ츣һգҪپκ˿Ƿ㣬Ҫ˵ǷҲǷƵġռȵۣܹõȵ۵½⣬أԲϻڸģʱֻɱ֮ΪκһԸһܡȻһУȫȫ̶ݣлص
͵һΣ漴һﲻתϵ
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Ϊ̶ݶԣҪģϽƻһҪ壬ĿǰϷ·ߵ·̶࣬ǷǳҪһҪأ̶ĿǰԣȽϻߣͱ˾ס̶ܹˣôںյϽƻзǳİƾԪҵǲܹģҪٸϡ
дɣƫƫȥ̶ݡ
ʵҲͦڼȥ̶ݵģΪϾǵģȻԸ⣬Ǳ²˵һ̶Ǵ´ࡣڣĴ̶ݣһ취س
ո˵һĿģҪú̶ݣҪ̫ˣҵϽƻѾʼˡ
ѡ˹¤ţǹ¤ŵԪϣҲԸֵ̫Ժķչ
һõֻΪְҵԣǧ˽ĲǴ֣ǲ֣β֣ǽÿһϸͨ˵ǧһϸ棬ܹԽϸڷǳأ䷳ÿһϸڣ˼ÿһϸܹ档


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˵Ը񣬲һģ뻹Ǻɵġ
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ҪȦӣֻˣѡ˹¤ţҲãҲΪԭ򣬵Ըϱ÷ˡ

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ڽǵȫȥϣʵϾǴ˳޼ڳеΪҲǣٹԱȻζԸֻǵļˣ̫ԭϣϡλί帮£ǲʺ󻹸󳼹ᣬҪıޡ
һٶǾ޼ˮھԳ޼Ϊ׵ķɣ˭춯ʺııɱʵǿɲСﰡ
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ΪĿǰǻʺ棬ȻĻǵȥҫһֵؼʱǿסԼĳ嶯˿࣬ԽʱԽԵСĽ
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ϸʺôӲҪӲĻһŪô죬ЩԵӵĿ̫ࡣ
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Ҫǣʺļǳ޼һߵģҲǳ޼ɵͬôξͿ϶ݲˡ
´ӵºǧ򲻸ãԼ֪ԼǣβֱôΪʵۣȻƨµΪأκ˶οȷʵϲʺԭһ𣬲н֮硣
ʺͬǣЩһһֱܲҰģ˱ȽϴûǻۣԸʺֲϵͷֲòȡ˻ĵıˣǻǴ´࣬ʱ򣬾Ե÷ǳˣǾϵ㣬׸


823 취
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ֻһȺ˻
ЩʺֵܽãѾʮˣСĲеӤȻֻʺˣǶǳڴ壬ǣǲ٣Ҫ֪帮ҲƲ磬ǰûЩѹƣڷˣʵ⻹ٵģֻʺֱϵˣҪǳ޼һϣ»÷ϼ
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¬ʦԳһЦǺ˵öԣǲŪԼܽߡ
Ǽִ̫ھΪΪǼһչбֲԸĨԼһڣǻΣڹҲƽƣͿһչбǶԴԵ÷ǳڻܿ£ǵʱʤ¼Ըָ֤ʺ󣬵ξͷǡ
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ͻȻһԳĬǼҲʩԮ𣿡
ԵͷעеСڹ꣬⻹ֻǸոտʼ˭մϹϵǼֻסԼһĶֵء
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˵úܶԣŸոտʼѣһһ𣬸ΪѪȵķ籩ں棬˭пǣС


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չŴȻǾϵȫͨȡ塣
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æ˵ˣүү𷣡
޼һֻۣЦΪˡ


824 꼰
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յͷҹ۲ܱߵĻΪʺطʴһСԺӣǳªܱûʲôȼǽģڲԶ̫֣̫µľǻܱ㹻ˮԴֻҪϵüʱͲᲨطȥڵǱҪͻȻܸܱ߽Ӧʱ䣬Ҳ׼ƾֻҪʺȼſڣȻ󽫾ƾϣһ㼴ȼû˸ҳ
޼Щðıʵ̫ˣǽôأ
յȣҴǵĲһѻΪڲϣʡ̫ࡢŮ϶ȥ£ҴͥΪʱһȰŷ¥ŶڵȥѵӪݣΪʼҾӦΪףһ˻ɡΪѵӪʹֻһǽ֮һʹڴδŻһ𣬲ܻƶ󣬻ʹڱضȻ֮УҶȥȻֻҪܱߵĽȥȻˣҵ˾ͿԳҵķǽСԺڡ
˵ţóһͼֽϣ˵ҴͥķᣬʾֻСԺĴţСԺԭȴģԴʺ֮ͷȴֻľͷģܿ˿
Ϊһ𣬰ѵӪʹ紦Ľ϶ڵһʱȥȻǽ©ʱҵ˾Ϳֱӷǽȥʺȳ֮ͬʱѵӪѧԱ϶ҲȥȻѵӪҲһƬңΧķأڵѾ͸ˣټ϶ңԼҹֻҪʱյĺã;Կӳȥ
޼üĻôн϶ҲȥˣȻ˿ԽȥˣǽͬҲô
Цǹؼڣ˼άǷǳ̶ģعصģǵһʱһѡֱӷǽȥģǵ˼άǾ˵˼άǻǳȥžȻ𣬿ɵȵʱСԺû֪ģҲ޷飬ѻƷŵģֻҪʺǰ棬ߣΨºǸڣͿΪӮþԮʱ䡣
ңҪֲϵô򴰻ΪŨֵ£ҵҲ޷жϳڵڵء⣬Ҳʵ׼ʪסڱǣŨ̡֮⣬һҪʬ塣
޼ɵʬ壿
յͷ̫ξǹȳǻУ֪˾ʺ󣬿϶뵽̫ξͷǱҪӪһʺɱļңʺǹһģ˱ҲҪһȳҪʬ壬Уʱճɸʬ޷ĳ춼ʬӦ÷ǳ򵥡ҵĻŶӻЯѵӪһᰲ˽ʬУͽȥ
˵аһЦΪȳʺһѻҪ塣ʱʺĲ״һܹǵĲһʣǵĸ߳ȻҪǣϺʺԸΪ鲻Ϊȫû˻ỳǵ˰ǾͿϢĽʺȳ
޼ɵͷõͦ˵ġ
ʺ󣬺ܶ˶Ѿͬ飬ѻһգ߸ʬΪҹҲ͸ӳгʺı飬ﶼùλ»ʺ󣬽ż
޼ۺգЦû뵽㻹뵽ôһһʧķӡ
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յԵĻϣ̫ξܹʺҡ
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һϲȻˡȴǾ㵵ΪΪʲô
޼ɸһЦƻȻһķգϷǳص˲ţϷʺ֮ѡϷԥѡ㣬ϷȻᰲȥġ
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޼ôĿģǾֻһǱźѡվǰҷԴֺá
ΪʼգΪ˱֤ܹ˳ߴȥ޼һֱûԲεľȥκҲʾʱ޼ɸǣ͵Ϊ򵥡
ȫͬˣ޼Ҫиգ˵¤ŵˣԼˣôһ㣬¤Ÿ帮ǾԵĵжԣûкͺõκοԣվͱҪ˺Է£޼ɲŻὫ֧Ϊ¤ŵĴ
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Ϻı㣬СҲضá
յʱѾ뵽һ㣬ΪⲻѧѽҲðգʵǳ޼ɲ˽Ը㣬ôܻСԼðգŪþͻȫ⣬ƻҪó޼ɿԼĳ⣬ûдȥִƻ
ƻУǸҪѿģ¶Լ̬ƣ˱ʺʺȥԸȫûκμƻֻһ˵ȫΪ˺Ƴ޼ɵġ˵ǳѪĻˣǶںնԣģڻһ֤ݣֲ˳޼ɵΡ
ΪʺߵĻǾһŶʱըһѱڳ޼ɵУôҲͱʾһԵģûѡˡ
޼ɾ͸ӷˡ
ϺꡢС˴ţҲһȤ


828 Ͷ
Ϊֹ¤Ҫһǳѣǳ޼ɵЭҲԻε½⣬帮ڵ˿϶Ź޼ɵġҹ¤ǿ϶ǵжԵġ
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հڰֵˣˣԽ˵ԽˣˣǱ硣ȴ룬ߣ¡Ԫĵѩ˭˱ȵϡ룬ƽࡣŵҽǸ̸µġ
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շŰ۵һͶǮֹһˣкܶˣҽǮǱ˵ǮôҽǮͶǮǮһٳתͣƳһֽģʽⲻ𣿡
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󣬺ȥԪұҪԪҲΪܣĿǰʵʵ̫ˣΪʽ𶼵ڷչ档
ԪұԪĵڿᡣ
Ǻմ˷ԪĵǵģԪģͶʽɲΪ׬ǮһͶʣҪֱӸ
ԪˣЩ⣬Ҳ˶ѣεƣʤһߣʵҲǳˣŮһá
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ԪԳ£Ŀǰ̫ξɻδ֣ʤδ֪ѵΪӮ𣿡
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˵˶٣ֵ󲮣ѩ̿϶ҪʤԪѾõĻᣬᶼסĻԪҽʧȥǳγɱĿǰԣԪҸҪǣǲǷǵҪԪңɹغԪҵ֮
ԪȨΣԪ̫ξһֱ
ԪҵȻҲڹ¤ŵĳԱԪҵĺ֧ܶվڳ޼Ǳߵġ
յ󲮣ֻˣͶϿ̫ĸأòʧģӦøĿ棬һǵƣǽյѡֻ˼ҾҲõ֧ͬΪ֪Ԫһ׷̫ξģ͵ԪͶʵģ˭Ӯл͵ء
ԪԵͷҪͶǮ
յҹôҲһᣬǮ̫ˣǿɿϣǲҪһͶȥҴǱԪȸͶǧȥᡣ
˵ţѹ󲮣һᣬԪҿԱ˶ĿֱʽǿԪҵʱ⣬һΪʺô֮½ܣôԪҿԴӺ󹬽²ٵ⡣УȨҹŻıһЩʱڲԣԼĹһζ棬һʼ䷨̻ް
ԪǺǵСûǾҲԽϲŮˣԪҵĺˡ
Цҽܸ󲮡
ԪһЦһøļ岮һ£Ӧò󡣡


829 ֱ
ʱ˵ԪͶǼֱɼ죬ȫûκѹΪƶ£һƣԸǮǣȫҲǾԪǮԪΪʲôܹƾ㣬ΪǲڶԷ֮ʱŸͶʣһ㶼ѡѩ̿Ѿʤȯգʱ򻹲ĻһȵﳵȻʺ֮λʱˡ
⻹ֻ£ԼŮģԪûеܾôõһᡣ

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Ԫһſϣ˫ĿԪĵùã۹øɶʱ
Ԫĵ⻰ϲЩȣ
ԪܵҾùøڵʱ°빦øڣǾ±룬Ҹøһ鿪ᣬҲͦȤģôơ
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ԪĵһɣЩСӣȻˣд
ԪܼԪĵɫЩ̫ͻȻӦ˹Ȼùòɣȴһǵĸ˵ǲǣ
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ֻſվһöͭɫƤ˧һֿأһһɫʻôɧPOSSҲֻкƤĺհڵĳ
ȻԪĵĿ⽥Ӿϲɳճմһﲻźȥ
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һΣЩҸղ£ԪұĻ԰һֱǶڴ
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Ԫĵһͳȥˡ
ôɰɣĶûСմ˸ǷϬһͨǻ԰ǧޣ裬Ψ⼸ֵģΪʲôҾƫƫѡˣɼڤڤ֮Ⱑ
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ԭʫô˼Ϻ񣬻ô˼Ԫĵһɬȴֱۣȷе
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ԪĵȻɫһ䣬⻨ɻ۵ʱ򣡡

һϲʱӲϡ
Ԫĵ˳Ƴƹվֱȥ͵͵һЦ治֪һﶼǴ͵ʫһƿǰ棬ʻȡˮֽһ뻨ƿУʵҲֺգϾժ͸ģǵˣﻹеǳۣŮԶ޷ʻľϲ
»ʱȴѵһˣеСƢҲӦõġպܺõİοԼһתڣСԣԪĵϸĵİŪʻһ°ͣЦĵ⻨̫һ㣬»һЩƯĻ㡣
ԪĵһʱˣϹ˵⻨Ư㿴ô
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Ԫĵ°ۣúϹ˵˵ҲԲ£ôأ
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ЦеǺλȣµʱǣЩԥ˵ˡ
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ԪĵԵͷ˵úҲЩǡ˵ţü仹͸żֵǡ
Ҳڳ֮ϣûоԵİȫ࣬пųնοڱʹһڼ䣬ȫǵˣ޷Ԫĵеĵǣס⻬ϸ֣ĵȻѡ·ֻһߵڣûлͷ·ˣ㡪Ըȥ𣿡
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㶣ѵԪĵʽ黰ģôƽƽ黰ӸжޣûȴЦģΣյʱѾҪȥˣһҵ̨ôľ籾һд
ԪĵһЩѽԾȵգֻźͼ飬ȾĪĶδڴͼ
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ἰϽƻҲ˴˵ĸҡ


830 ԸԳ
ȻԪĵһһ۵ģҳһ⣬һ⣬ᳶЩеûģҲΪˣûкգϽƻأǴнչúձɣרȥϵ£ɼһλǶôҪ
ֻĸңǺѾǵƻֻͨϰŮ̫ڹǶʯ̳ɵСشţÿ˵Ǳýġ
ΪǾҪӭµ˵
ʱյһͭǰ棬Ũܺĳ˳ԸеֱԲʴμ䣬޵գˮ֬Ŀģת䣬ٸķɢΡĳ˯۹޳Ƿ壬һ˫˶ȴܼͦĺŭţڿɵ˯ۼ֣ɼһƬԸеѩף˼룡
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ѹסе˷ܡ
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ȻȴƾԼĲиķܶԼλӣһ·Ǽֱ࣬ʣŮϮ̫ɲ˼ˡ
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µҲǺܼǺˣͲϴӦѾˣ޼ҲˣҲߵĻһʱȥ˲ϰ
־ȷʵŻˣϻ˾ӵݣô򣬿캰أôˣ岻ˣηС
Ҳ֪־Ը񣬳޼һߣ϶ᵱͷģղӦ־ģŪһͷֻܵͷӦ
һĴͷҲʱĴ󳼣޼ɡ־ޣһӾΨʣһˣֻͳ̣ҷóģȨȫΡͬʱ߾߻ּȿ״̬Ǵδйġ
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841 úã
һʱδӦ㡪˵˭أ
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帮
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ƾٴҲ޷»ᱩ帮
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ʹĵ˼ͷֽԭί˺ա
ԭ帮һֱڵʹʧ𰸣ΪҪǿȨ¸ѹ˱ЩһЩѹ帮Ҳһʲô˼ôϿ϶ǵصɲʲôˣȻҲûˮ㡣
帮ͬҲǺųζ¬֣Ͼ˶Ը¬֣Ϊ٣ǶȢɽʿŮӣοʵڵ֮󣬾ѾӴף˼Ҹɽʿ忴ȫܵģ帮Ҳ̫á
帮ƣǰԴ˲룬ɻڴ뷨϶ͶˣҲʿУԼԼڳеѾӣõİ취ԼĶЩʿԼ
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ŮԽԽϲ
ۿ΢΢Щʪһ仰ʤǧ


845 ֲŮħͷ
ϯҵ˾ͻȥˣһٷ϶ԣҲǼֵǧеĲ޼۵ġ
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ǾǼµүү̡ĸףԼ档
ĸǰһŵǷԷθƭ˵黰Ҳжʵ̫ḻˣ¸жϡﻩ
ҲʮοգⲻŮɾͽˣǧҲ軵ˣҪ̺ܽ
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Ϊã֪֪㴳˶ĻǺգߣ嶼ۡ
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848 д͵
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ǡʺ󡱺ķĹﲻܸǺᣬϯһֱӵʵֹˣﰵн˿ǵͷ­ֱ飬ȥҪȫʬ
ⳤӻǵһǵģҲһˣʱڣϺϵ˶ݡӵĻͲҪЩһǶǳñԵʿôᣬټļɶǶŷǿǷǳֲġ
ʱǶǺεȷ⣬תۼ䣬³Ĺݵ˶ûУ갡
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ҪǣѾóȥˣҪջҲѽأ۷׷ףǽ尡

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ֳȴ΢Ϊ־ڹҵķչὫ;ɾƶȱϡɵɵֲվմޣģǸ͢ģģǹԱСλ˷ɣĻֻ޿ɹƵĺ󻼡
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868 Ʋ
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ǱˣҴ󳼵ĽԣΪصĿֶμأ䡣˹Ҳڱ֮Уֲܻ̿ǰȰ˵Ҫͣдǧŵġ顷
ƪҪǱֳĲֵ򡢹Ψ͵˼롣
˹ȻУ˹ڣǶԣǴÿһ飬ӰйʷḶ̌Ƭ£ΨͣᵽһţǴͳһ
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أӱĳѡ˲ţ÷ʿԴֻẰںţŪʣ˼ҿ˵
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ƾƹƽ𣬸ʷĽҲǷǳƽٱȾƷҪƽˣǴ˹¢ϣúʿˣȨġ
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Ĵ󳼷׷׵ͷ㿼һЩ漰ЩĿαȥĬдˣĻǶԴ֮Աǡ
ڵֻһ͢ѡιԱҪǿʿơ
ʿƱ΢ȤһЩҪʫͲʣҪģӲǽʿҪĲΪأʫռкܴıأҪڲʡ͢ȷʵҪⷽ˲ţֻһСֶѣĲɺãְûκιϵֻҪдͨ˳дúþͿˣûбҪǵǧżѾְҪ£дʫֻȤѧʫдúãûκιϵ
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ġʱ衷ġΰߡ˹ġ顷ЩǧģǶʱ֤ǿģѧã͢Ҫľ˲ţȻԴΪҲӦЩݡȵۿ࣬Ϊһƪʱ衷ȵӦûʹǷ񱳵óѧӹ౳ƾһƪģ֮š
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ҲԼ˼룬Ǻϲʫʸ踳ģǳҪȻҲ֪˵òûеģԸǲ̫ͬʶǿܵģʱһ˿ڵϳ޳ɺյĽ顣
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襡õһЩҲվʾ֧֣Ƕ࣬ܳǶ֪ʫιûκιϵ
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ֻܵĹԱŻڰյƨɺ棬߶ţ֯֯ǵؾô࣬㲻չũѧҲһڴձǳĲũѧ壬ðܹʡֳʳʱڣһĶزʳǲʳһٸѧʿܸɵҳҲԸũ˻صʱΪûʳûаܸɵĳҲֲ˵ġ
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ЦѧоģҵֽīˮڿѧΪʲôܹȥΪʲôܹˮߣֻͬˮףΪʲôīˮֽܹд֣Ϊʲôֻ⣿Ϊʲô˷ž˻ỵֿԱܾãⶼǿѧ
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ںߵʲôѧⶼԸΪġ
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СƤģֱɥ
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ƿƶڿƾһǳҪĲ䣬Ϊܹ˲ŷﵽ˾ţﾡãϾЩọ́Щóιȱһɡ΢齫ѧͳһ滮ƿ棬Ϊ͢ṩָ˲š
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ü˵ȻǲТ֮ӡǺעТ˳ģܲġ
յƾٵı׶˾Ȼǿöǵ¡ТⲢܴʲôЩ˶Щ飬ֻΪӦ߿ѣô΢Ϊһƽʱı֣ܹ˵Ʒк͵µģʥ˵ЩֽϵģУ΢齫һֿ˵ݣŵȥһ˿һʱ˶ʮĹȥ
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Ƴƿ峯ųֵģһܾƷƵӰ죬˶ڿƿֵ֧ģҲзԵġ
⣬ƳĿƾƶҲǱȽϺģĿܶ࣬ҹҷԼʹʫҪ˼Ŀţʫ貣ƳĿƿҲĪĹϵֱİ˹ģŽƾΪ˼Ĺߣʵһֵˡ
ȻûоʹԶۣڰҪ˿ƾ٣ҪʿȨĵ¢ϣɽʿ徹Ȼȫֿ֧ƾ٣ټҲˣܶҲףʵҪĸƾپԽʯǲ赲ģǵ˼תÿƾٱöԼ
ʵ˿ƾ٣ҲϺյ棬Ҳſƾ٣ԼѧûʲôȿƾٸʺƳѧˣǸĿƾٵݡ

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ֻҪ˿ƾ٣Ĵضܹطãһӹɵģλòŵǡ
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¬ʦһ֣⻰ʱˣͻȻҪƾطãһ㣬ҪԼΪƾƾĿ汾£ǿʵΪƾٱ׼ǲٹʲԷ⣬Ӧѧϰͼεľĸ죬׳ɻ飬ںǱҪһ㡣
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¬һʦԣԺ˵ɡ
¬ʦԵϣԽǼ岻ظλ˼ϣǲܽĴǻԸй塢ʿȡ⣬Ҳڻ֮硣ǰȥߣһ˼ңñ׵ķʽΪԼѡŮǽĳģ͵¡ƷСѧһˡ
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֣еͷ޳ĻΪʲô¥˻ӵգΪÿˣҲˣǼǡǡЩ¼֮ˣΪһ㣬ֻһֲķǾͱҪԼҵǼҵ˶ܹؼеˣȻҲذգҪСɡ
⣬ǼǰͨȡǮƣȻǲеģΪֲⲿʧϣǼܹȥǼӵǵƣҲסƲС
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մ˷չȥĴԷǣһ˿ƿĻǾܹƾƣ¢ϿƿټǵһɹĻʮ굽ʮ֮ڣĴ彫طȨġ
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һ˿ƾ٣ǳڱʿѳ֣ⲻϺµ棬ҲϺŵ棬ҪÿƿùƽһЩƾٲŻᷢʿ壬ܴл档
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˵ϸ磬ҵȾʧˣԶٱ㷹ǿδаѾԻˡ
Ϊ־ȴ֮ˡ
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ԶԶԣƱͼ
εУǸǸǹġ
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ȻշԼô飬ʱЩΣʲôϱ˼Ҷڱ˵Ůﲨƴô
ͻȻʹɷһЩ

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յģʵСʱһͦԱųˡ
縧ͷ˵ĻǾͺˡ
ΪǰǸոеԱų⻹ʲôּһϣ븸׹ʱȻ䣬еɳʯʱһĸףĸ׾ȥˡԴһغͻȻšǿˣҲˣǰ˧ˡ
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ۣǰɣ羹Ȼңô̫ˡնʱĻ·ţһѽҵҵܹõ̫ʷͬʵǸ˼ˡ
ڰֵʹǫˣΪʹź˼룬Ǵδйģټʵ塣
ձöЩ̫˼ˣȻһֱΪⶼʵ̫ʷˣũҳһٲεѣвްټֳߵ˼룬ֻðչŸӸԣʵһֱ׷ģ˲⡮ѧš
ټӵ˼룬׷Դ𣿡
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˵䣬óһСӣ˹ȥоһЩʽ
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ʲôã̫ʷãҰ
һߺţһ߿ţⲻǹɶôϣԲʣǳѽƺвԵĵط⡪Բԣѧվھ˼ϵģ˼оǾģҡͷ̾̫ˣ
æЩʵȱģֻǰϣ⻹һЩ󣬲Ҽע͡
յҲ˲ѽЩѧһ˿⽫ֳɰ˼Ŷֱ̫ˡ
ЦҶȱǵķ֣뺫С绹Զ
ȷʵݺգΪѧʻǰѧңѧңյѧԾԳһɣǰûеġ
书˵ľҪǿѧ书˵ľ硣
֪ǣֻһߡ
ǶϹеĻ϶ҪԶʤңѧȱôһ˲ŰһתٺһЦ̫ʷһ֮롣
ЩûţСӵݺܼթ
ͻȻӦһῴģϽ¶һϿҵࡣ
죡簵һ˵
Цģϣ̫ʷЩѧۿĴձϡ
һĨϲɫ
Ĳ׽ˣԭĿˡ
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Щ𣿡
УУ
ոϽͷ㿴вУһһٹ̫ʷѧۿҵôձ档
æⲻˣÿУҸ˻ˣǮˡ

յ֪̫ʷָ˶ԣ̸Ǯˣձһ⣬Ǯǹأ޹زɷԲҪǣǮǱҪ
Ҳеһٹʵ̫ˡ
࣡࣡
ҡͷʵѾٵˣǾô˵ˡ
ЦŵͷȻˣҾȴ֮ˡ˵˶٣ֵð˵һ䣬Ϊѧڵ˼룬˼롣
ǵѧңϣƳ˼룬˵ʵе壬ݶغģ£֣֮Ĺϵ˼ʵ壬Ҳѧݣҩǵʿĳġ
ЦЦ̫ʷ̲һ˵𣿡
ʶĵͷ
յ̫ʷһһϺãϵĺá
΢΢һ㶣ΣЦŵͷס
ܼ򵥣Ѿпѧ˼ˣԳһ׵Ŀѧۣ϶ѧͻģջû൱ľȥıҵĴͳ˼룬Ǻ鷳£˼ȫûЩ˼ĻշӿռʹˣԹ˼ͷ˼룬ͬ
յѡ˼룬һʱҲǾ˼ǵġ


898 Լż
Ƴôãˣϼ޻μңϰ˼ͽ֣绹һѧңѧҡ
ҪեһֵǾϰݵģѾΪԼѧһˡ
ΪѧʼңȻҲϣԼѧ۵õϿɣȤѧڹŴҲ㾭ûж˸ȤƿҲ㾭ĿҲûж˿峯ûУƳʼģ¿ĿȴӣҲΪʲôܿûˡ
ҲձԼѧ۴
ҲƹԼġѧ
˸裬һļϣ;ǱΪ顣

ʲôЦôթ
̸֮۵ȥˣյûд֣ե磬űϴһƫͷһֻһ
ǰɣÿԭα¶ʱƼˡһЦѽҲǼթ
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ƺ룬θŷ̫ʷصۼ㡣
԰
յͷ
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Ϊΰ㿴ࣿ
Ŷһģ˵ҹ棬࿡ʣϵ·󶨻ǧŮ׷
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ѽôˣþûеˡһϲ̾ͷӦ˹ٺٵֻǿ࣬ûԵ
Ŀһɣ˵ܴϣ̹״ӿ
յȣİҿ࣬Ҳֻ΢һ㣬⻹һ£Ҿ˵ˣ㲻Ȥ
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Ŷ֪ҷһЩʽ㷨һ㾭Ҫ
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ºߵҷųȥһˣ˵ѾΪ˴޼ҵļɵģټ˵ʲôǿʼĸսᣬ㻹˵ûʲôı
շŰ۵ⲻıĬĸԼļвҲӦ֪ģôҪıһУͱΪôᣬҪΪ̫ˣǼǳѣǲлᣬҸǼĶǿ˻ᣬҲǿڴ⣬ãҲҪճҾγĬڼ䲢κν
üһ壬ǼҲ̫ˣʱ㶼ǼƳˣһ㲻飬ǵòʧ
ЦֻܴݻǵһǣҵЩ˵ģǿܷǳЩӦ˽ĸǷǳŵˣΪżǵļܵشҲܹ˼壬ǻϣܵشŻѰı䣬Ǿ仰Ʋ
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µͷֵҲ̫ˣ˽¸ϣܹõǵİ
ЦвǩԼô
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ΪҶǸѧѽǷնȻƻģĲһ˵һһΡ
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εͷȻ󽫳ϵ£˵һ顣
󣬵˵յҲǷԣֻԼĽ顣
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̾˿˵ʵеҲ޵⣬ԲΪĻɽʿƣ־ʫͬҲҪɺԡ
˼檵һ취֪ɲС
εʲô취
Ҳú˵еԲӦһЩӲ֪ʶѧãӦϳƣʿǲΪ⣬һĿơ˿Ŀ£ʫȫɿԼѡ⣬ҳƾвǻһôֻſĿ̫ѣ˿ϣҲͬ衣
¿ɽſƸΪѧʿƣѧʿƲ迼ԣֻҪܹʿĶڣͨѧʿƣܹͨѧʿƵĿ͢¼ãһЩźĴֳ͢ѧʿƵӡ͢ѡιԱԽʿΪֻҪʿڣл볯Ϊ٣ǲġһʫռ̫೯͢ѡ˲ŵĿҸӻᱻƳ硣
ƵƵͷⷨӵ⣬
ЦǱ¿𣿡
һ㶣漴ЦŵԽԽˡ


899 
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ƾڻǳΣδͣҲ·ⷢӵĿռͺܴ
ǽĽЩسȻδ˵Ľ顣
һ޵Ӣ˷
ȴ´˷ȫԲΪĻôÿʲô飿صʲôҲûһ׼Ĵ𰸣ϳ黹ǱƣȥѧӶʲô飬Խʿжѧӵ¡
Եͷ˵ͦеġ
ȴѧʿԲ죬ڼ˼գʹ֮ߣ֮ߣҳһ⣬δ֮ҳеĿеߣ񺺳һӻ֮ʱͷаټңǰƾΪӵƺͽʿƶҾΪҳרΪ˼ĵٿƣȴδӣ⵼µѧɵʿһֱе
˵ţһֵ£ȡٿƣ˼ҲΪʿƣΪι֮УЩ˼Щõ˼ԾΪԲΪĻͿԽҺ͵ҵľ;뵽۵УҲܴʹѧе֪ʶ
帮˵Ļ˿ƿѶȣӵܵȥңҵӣȥҵ飬̫ˡ
襵кβɣܴʹȺ飬Ϊ͢ѡθ˲ţʵкܶ󳼶ҵ˼붼Ƴ磬¬֣ĴУҲʿо˼룬˼洦ҲΪҪӲ˿ѹ
帮ҡͷǽʿͷǳѿʮڵĿУֻһʿ붼ǳȡ˿ƾٵѶȣȥԿƾʧȥģҲڳ͢˲š
ĥĺͻȻֵɴԲӣǻҵѧô
帮һ㶣Щˡ
ߡһЦڵǳ͢ѧƿƵУԴκܶ˲ȱʧ˲šңǲǻԺô͢УһЩƵݣٷһЩ۽ȥܹԵѶȣøؿµĽʿһȽϺ˽⡣
ڵ۵Ļûб׼𰸣ȫԹԱжڵطϣ͢Ǳ޳ĪǻᱻعԱãܡ
̵͢ԽؿĳɼΪعԱһˣܹЧķֹعԱ˽ס
ƵƵͷϲգ֤Ҷ˼⣬ǰ
üеǻÿǵصĽЩƶȻһЩ½⣬һŶۡ
襡ҲԵͷȷʵһŶۡ
˼ΣŵҲ޳Ľ飬ҲãҲãؼǿܷ⣬ƫĳһ֮ԣٿƱΪҶ裬ȴδӣı䣬õѧʿƵĻõ˼õͬӡ
ԳƳ¤ϣΪȣȻᳫ˼룬񶨵ңǷԼ𡣵̫ǿˣ½ʿơһٿƷΪˣʱĻܹһ֮ԣҡãֻҪܹ⣬Ȼ͵ö࿴鼮ֻרһѧˡ
ڵǱ£͢ҪĻι˲ţƿֻ˲ţĿĲɶۣ΢ΪԽʿΪڳ͢ѡ˲ţӦȡơ
￴ڴʲô⣬ǰĽʿҪʫͲΪҪģҪţѿȡȻʫΪĿƣȫǲۣѶȲδٶ٣͢һȡһ˲ŰôֻܴƿȥѰ˲ţƿƵĵλˣյĵλ϶͸ˮǴߡ
϶úյóѡ
϶ˣԴôתô죡ռڸˣҲЩƣô㣬ƵԴ
εͷ֮ԣҲ޵ʵҳƾٻкܶĿЩĿ٣Ǹ£Ǹ÷ϳҲ˼
΢һ΢鱣ƺʷι֮ȱһɣҳһֱԶǳɷ͢ӦƣȡƵĵλĻ㶼ܵӣʷǶʷоʷΪ֪棬һĿûжӦõģǱ뱣ֿƣɻĿ棬ʹѧغˣͲҪˡ
ε˵ͷͽʿΪЩغϣԷҿĿΪ벻ɷ
ԭѾҪ˯ŵôһ˵ü̫Ծѽ￪ʼֹˣǸʲôģѵſڵ£ϳΪι˲Ųȱ٣б̵˲ͬҲȱѽȵðιھǻʿģҿ٣ʿУϳǷܹһ漰µĿĿΪѡ˲š
һԪ˧ֻ̣ڴ֮ǰҲûд֪֮ι֣ǿЩĳֻĳѡΣھȴֲֻᣬеȻǲˬҲһƾΪΨһ˵;ôڰп϶ӵϵĵλôȥ͢϶䡣
ƿĹңΪһˣȻϣҪΪ˵仰ΪԼĽʿ˵乫̵ĿƲУôŪǶھнʿ̫ƽˣĻѡ˲ţչֳ͢ھӵӡ
һȻųһúѽ
Ҫ֪ɲγ˵£ڿ佫£㲻֮ܽˣڵٶǺţˣʵ۲ӣҲӣЦŵͷһﾪѽ޲ͺԾ͢ǾܻķϾ£Ҫһ㣬һƱҪƾ١
˭ҷԣڡ帮Щĳ⽨鲻ģҲҶ˵ʲôƳ佫ǸǸհڴ˵ͽ֣ܺӰ죬൱뺷ģγ彫һƳһǿ
ʿơĿơơ¿ơգһ¶öྺˡպƣͷŵ̸ҲóǸͲƿƣĿĿд֧֣֪ƿǶôĲӣҲΪʲôһǧ󣬻а˹鷢ֻܹԼĿ̫ǳ
ͻȻۺգһƣʵǲѧǡǡ෴ǿǹģΪ⡰ѧǰδеĶӵƾʧܵĻƿһֱôʧܣû˻עһɹˣǾȫȫĹ˵ûйϵǰκһûйϵ
һ齫ѧƿƵУҲڹģ޴ѧԺרΪⷽ͢˲š˵ֿգգȻģ޾㵱ԺԺɡ
Ҳѧ֮£Ҳֻкһ˶ֻԺ
ҲûзԣѧУûһѧʸȨҹԺҲǺûɶãҪġ
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̫ʷ
磿
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ⷽ浹Ҳнεͷתһ룬ôҲ⣬ȥմ֣˼һӦǵ޻̫ʷ


900 ̱
һ۹󣬴ŵĿܱ㶨ƿҪǸѧΪƣƷΪʿơĿơơĴĿʷרҵԿĿҪôѾΪƿ棬ҪôȡˣѧʿǿƾٵֻҪͨĿƺͽʿƣɻãôϸڡ
缸꿼һΣʲôʱ򿼣ϳ͢һЩϸΪʲô
ͷϣûдߣ۰ɣʱ׼ҹ
ʵȴ£ʵҲϲһ̸˶ӣһ㶼Ǹ̸ΪЩ󳼴һһ𣬾ʹŴ󲿷ִ󳼵˼Ļܹʡʱʡ
ЩɾͲ̫ʡʱʡˡ
ֱӴ۵ڶյ磬һЩҪϸڸ
Ϊƾⶫѡ˲ô򵥣һԤʾʷһشͻƣŷƶȹɵƶȵһ־¼ǷǳҪһ⣬ֱӰδ򣬴۵ʱҲǳ߰
Ȼ޵ĻϾѸߣҲǺܸȤƺξȥϢˣڵ͸൱ǲߵģô£Ҫ뵽ףΪԼһʹǱϾʹˣģ˰ҹֲ֧סֻȥϢһ£ĴҲˡ
ʵιĻҪǵ襡öˣһֱܵ޼ǵǷǳвŸɣֻҪڣͿȥ帮ĻºãʫãιҲôҪΡ襡áĸۡ
ϸڵĻֻܳ⣬·棬ú襡ղ̫ƾٵԼص
ʵҲ˺襡֮ĸңΪҲ˵Ĳܣǡ
ȵ֮󣬴Ҿǽƣ
Ψκͺ˻оΪǳᣬͨѣС˼
αǳ緹ģǺ襡ֻȥϢǾˣƣӻȥˡ
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ҲǼĸ֣ܹÿƾһɷ糱ʺƻںеĵλ϶ǣǻȡĵĴûᣬλԸ


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ѩߺ죬һ˿ߵߵһӻ⣬ҲŲĵˡ
գˣ治ɫѽⰮС˵дЩдʲô
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˿㡪ѩȵΪ㲻۸ҵģҲԩ˵ġ
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΢΢һ㶣Сʲôʱѧˡ
ѩ˵˵ţɫЩݣЩ̧ͷźգա
ʶġšһ
ѩأŵʵܹ㣬ѾҴˣҲѾ֪ˣʹǲܹһҲԹ޻ڣ
ддţͽԼմ뵽ȥˣҲ֪мҲأǰΪԼǺղޣľ仯ˣðֵˣҪȥ׷һĽ
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ѩϲĽ˹ȲĲһһ̣·ֻصŮѽķıȱЩˡ
˫Ŀմôоҵİ顣


904 ר
УҾ÷ѩôȥ־ᶨˣټ˼ګûϷˣҽտǳ椵ģֵġѧǰɣߣұҪչʾһλרҰֶΡ
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ʮֿտ̹ǵĺߺХӵ޼ɵոµѩеЩ䣬Сһ磬ĿһɨĴ岼ҰֻҰںжױ޾ɣûյľͷһַǳĸо

һԵĸп
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һЦС֣ȥߣʵ㿴ʲô
ѩǳʵش˵ţַǳֿʲô

Цһҷǳţھĥ֮󣬱ؽӮĻԻͣ
ѩ㶣ϸϸĥźյһ仰
С˳ȥһߣһ˵ѩǰ治ΪΡɫĽֻǱճ𣿡
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յɫĽ־ͬⶬյҰȻʮֱңȴ˰ӣ˶԰ϣҼһջῪġ
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ɫҪ˰Уֻ֮һֹϵѣǱȻģ˵һԭʼĿʧȥ˰飬ʧȥĲǰıʧȥһõ㽡еİ飬Զõģ۵ģûһ㽣ҲûаĴڡ
ѩᡰһˣ衶ɫ˶ڰĿ
ҡҡͷ
ѩ˵òô
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յõģʵ԰ԭʼĿѴҶϣ
˵ţ̾˿ÿ˶ᾭССĥѣЩ˻˶ʧȥģӶ±ĮľͬʬĻţû˼룬û׷ûϣû룬ǷǳµġҪ֣ҪʫʣҪС˵ܵ˵Ҫһݶϣ룬ͬ֡ʫһþǶδõֻҪϣڴ룬ٴѣҲǿĵģأԻ̫һɲǡ
˵ͻȻͣתѩѩҲǰĲִ̫ڰıʹģΪʲôǻҪҶڰĿأıֻغ˵ĹϵһС˵Ψһֵǿܷ˴ȥϣȥ롣еĿġˡʹ࣬Ϊһڷ񣬷֮Ļ齫ʧȥļֵͺһƬҰһŴﶬ︴գļ＾Ĺʵۣȴϣ
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׾òˡ
һЦǰ˵ܽΣ㶼Ѿ֪ˣ˵֪֣֪߳ȴ޳˭Ҳ赲ģҲҶȥҲһȥǲ㲻ʧȥ԰ĻʵѾʧȥ˰顣
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ѩɲһߣתŻ첽ӣȥҧ촽͵͵ܳһ˿ϲɬ


905 ڻ
һȻ赭дȴö˵ĸõһ·Ϸò
գ˵ҪԸ㣿ѩͻȻʵ
һ㶣˵ġ
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ҲǵģŻաˣˣȥԷɣǱ߳Ա˵ɡ
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˵Ķͷͬʱð
ôҸʲôѵǲ֪ôԪһǲ⣬޷Ůħͷ۸ĳҶŮħͷ˽⣬ܻģֵ

˭Ҫش⣬ɶˡ
ֱ쵰
˸ոʳãէһ󾪺򣡡
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906 ȫӪý
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ЦԪǰǸ߷ڣһоԪǰ԰ɡ
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911 ΰһ
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ڱϵרͨһƬݺݺ࣬ʤաϾⳡԻʺ忪ģܲŮˣЩŮ˿ɲһѽȫǵȨҵŮˣҲ﹮ԼĻʺ֮λһֶΣʵʺôģЩ͢󳼵ķ˽ãѰǼ֧֡
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912 Ե
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ڽУձ͸¶ķǳ٣֪Ҳ࣬ǺաЦɣľ֪
Ҳֺ棬Ҫ־÷չȥȻǲеģڴ֮ǰǲûпǹ⣬ǶΪܻʺǮƺˡ
Ů
ϵĺҲúոˡ
Ц㼱ʲôẫȻ˵
Щ󸾼ﲻ˵ѯʵ
Цλĸ˵ôẫվͻ˵ȴԹûн¸
ⲻ֪Լûпǹ£ϵ£һȤûС
Ǻ˾Ȼʱǵ̨¹ֱۣʲôʱȲ費ãƫƫҪڹϺȣǹ⣬Ǻ
Ҳע⵽ˣ룬ʼʲôЦɹϵҷ¥δʮķչҵȻҪضԴ󣬺ղŻص̨м䣬ȫһƬѻȸĿһɨ³
һΪὲʲôİ취û뵽ǷŸ
ǵǮȥŸ⻹б˽ˡ
С磬Ϊ˾ٲףý׬ǮˣãʺƽǮȥˣ˱ĩ֮١һߺëΣ˵϶ġ
ںǺŵĿӣȻºţ˶ʮӵΪμӣʵʮ˶붼ڵУΪߺ͵ˡ
ôһµ˶ʱۡ
Եµ۷׷ףʼ΢Ц
˺ðΣ̨¹˵Ŀǣһ㶣Ҳ˫ۿ
ȵֹͣ󣬺ղŵλС˵÷ǳŴ֮ڰѪһ㣬մһ׼ûк£Ƿ¶棬ΪʲôܹƣΪʲôᣬҪǽǮȱǮʱ򣬵ǱΣȥǮġӽ󣬳ЩŸ˽һȥΪǽнȡǣǻһֵϢĴģʽȡǡǻרΪ˺ũ򡢹
̨µ˷׷״
һ㶼ŴΪҪǮô·ĻȻë˵ġ
ʵķǳãΪҪǮ
ЦŵŵӦöԴ̵Ҳˣ˳תʱ򣬺ܶʱǶһٹǮǽ׬üǮ
вٵ˵ͷ
յȻŵĿɶҳĸ̣ȱǮʱܷǳ١һ˸ҪǮǸոðͷСˣԱгΪɹϲкܶ˶˵һƶũǰһƶϴأ˼Լһ˶˸ԣһ˺ЩˡʱԱгûиôǲнյġ
ôõĻᣬȻһԼԱг
ʱгʽôòһ꣬ǱܷչĹģҪǿһࡣкܶϲСˣмõĲƷǿûʽչѵʱ
һЦӽԺʺƻὫǣڷ֮󣬻ᶮøжǮʺƻᣬͻγһԵѭȻǵĿĿɲǵǮǮҪȡϢġ
ֽϢϸĽһߣϢǮٵôһǮҲһûʮǮϢ£ΪũרΪպ͹ġΪҵˣϢǮ
ȻԽʻԽߣֻղδϸ˵ֻ˵ͻṫ⣬ũҪеѺܴҵĻ˵Ѻ֮⣬ƷѺлרʿƷܹ׬ǮҲǿԴġ
ϢһȫһƬȻ֮
ϢֱСʮ౶ʵ͢ϢҲһĹ淶ǶԵ䵱ҵ涨Ϣǰٷ֮壬ްٷ֮ʮȴʣóʮʣ߿ǰٷ֮һٶʮǸߵףϢұϢҪֱͣøûл·߰
С磬㡪˵ôһǮһšǮϢһ˲˵

յǽкʺƻᣬõĹ滮һ꣬ʮ꣬Ҳһ꣬ãǲҪʱþ޶ǿչ
أԲţϢǿ¡
֣ʵ֣֣ɿŵ𣿡
֣ҡҡͷʱҲδס
΢΢ۣ޷Ǿȡʤһһ׬ʮǮȷ࣬һᣬһٹǮ⻹𣿡
¬ʦԵһһᣬֱ췽ҹ̷
䣬˵ΪʣǷ¥ӽдһᡣ
¬ʦԲûҧԼͷ
һһƬ֮
һɾٹϢ
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ļ׺С磬в㿪ô
յҺ͵һ¥Ͽģһʺƻ棬ǾɷЧӦģǮ˭ҲҶӯ֮⣬˭Ҫ밴ҴͬҪһϢҽһֵѺУдȥǮ
Ǯһתǲ֪Сһ½ôǮ
ȻǴƣ
治ɫӦ֪Ƿ¥ʵôҪǮôҪΪִ֧ƣ͸ʺƻῪһݱ񡣵ȻҲ֧Լ⡣⣬Ҳֻô㱡һֵǧ鼮ֽīѧԺʹá
ʵ
վں̨ɣľŶЦѾˣб㲻Կƫƫ˵ôûʣȻǧ鼮ҲǷ¥Ψһܹõóֵˣ⻹һԾģҪ˵ʽĻһٹ¶費ˡ
лһ֪ԪշչôѸͣ󹤳һ鶯Ԫҿɶûôɹͼˣ룬ԭǮǾѽ
Ǻտ϶˵ǱҪУ߾͸ߴԼҪǮˣ˭ŽС
̨µĹڣȫոˣͬʱһͽһᣬ;ǧᣬȥ̫̼ˣֻյʵѽⲻ֪Ѿˣڿװǡ
ͻȻһת֪ûⶼǽʺƻӯأ
Ǯ󷽵Ƕ԰ô
˾е㣬ҪǮ̸ܸҹˣÿ֧һٹĳ͡
ô
Ǯ󷽾ϲ
Ȼġ
ЦҪ㲻Ļÿ¸ʮᡣ
Ǯգգۣˡ
һʵԹ֮ǵϢʷ⣬ûʲôֵϡģܵǽеı־һôǮΪУȻֹһĲͬǵĽڸưյһµʽҽ¡ؽܣǽɫҵǾǡǮ


914 
һƬž
ǰ˵ôţôôΪǰһû뵽վȻ˵Ǯôϡƽķľ͸ƻһʧ
ֻ˺ܿͷӦ˶ǮǴǮڲǮǮʼԼʲôϵأ
϶ŵ
΢΢һЦǰ˵ǽнǮգôǮ͸պ෴ǽеĴǮҵðսǮ浽ǽ
һЩһĲм˼ƾʲôǮ浽ǽǮܹҷô
˵ʵǮŵʱѾʼҵ񣬾Ǵȯֻ󣬰ǮŽͭǮɴȯȵҪͭǮʱǮţȯͭǮĳһϣǽǮȴ浽ǮţҪõʱ򣬲ȡ
ƵƵͷȷʵˡ
ּ˵ȻǮŷдȯֻΪ˰յܹӱǲܲӯ֧һЩáִǮҵǿԲģǵĻϢǮҲ˵һǮһ֮ȡһǮһĻǶʮǮһǧĻһͿԻöʮϢһĻһʲôܻٹϢǽкʺƽǻִǮģʽֻΪǺǸʺƻϢǶһ޶Ϣ
⵹ϡ
ҷ׷׽ͷӶ˽
ؾԪü˼
⻹ǰδС
һͻȻ˼ƾʲôǮŵһǮˣ߲ˣ˼˭ȥ
˵ǴС
ûҵаհһЦʺƻᣬлܣҪ˵ǣеֻͼʺƻǮҸôƾþҺĳ˵
˵ģ̨µ˺ûмôҪġ
ӵ񣬺ղΪ˵ҺҲЩˣȻܶһֱǷǳõģֻбΥҵԼҴδΥԼΪҽԼҪҪĶҴҲҪǣѾʥľԼǴǮ϶һԼģΥˣұҪԼ⳥ǮͬҲˡ
ʥľԼ˫رϣŰջԸ⽫Ǯ뵽棬ڼʮô࣬䲻٣Ҳ࣬õû͵ŵеĻܹǮұ͵ˣҲǽеģֱ׬ǮʺΪλѡʺƻкƾľǺĳ˵
֪Լոˣɵ¶һĨЦ
ҲӦ˹Ƴˣֻб£Ȼʺóƣ治֪˭˭
һҲѽʺ󶼽Ǯ浽棬ǻ˵ʲôոô治Ҫô˵ˣƱػ۵ʺƻᣬ˼ҷеĴȯһֱûгκ⡣
Ǳ߽ĺĵϢߴǮȴǮϢ˭׬Ǯ
¬ʦüгɹˣǮ˿϶ڽǮˣĻпܾͻ
֣кǺǵ¬ַû˵ôԼ͵ýһᣬа취ǮȥջӦõϢ
پˣһһУһʱҲ벻ס
Ҳûдǽ͵ķǳҪǳͣˣڽʹǮһһڴձϸĽ͡
ëεձдЩ
͵а
ЦձҲҪ׬ǮѽһǮһţһžͿһţиǮôձƺûоܾɡλʲôôձǵģҲ̸Ȼ˵·ǳǳʺҵĴձҲ֧Ǯ¡ʵڼǰѾϰٹǮ̫ʷļƪ֮׼ǵĴձ档
Ϊ֮һԭձôġ

Ǿˣ
տɲŹκһΪԼһˣǽΪĵʱˣҲǴ˵ĿģǾơҵ˵ٶУһǮԣҪһ⣬ǧҪҪƿĻַʽһǽǮͶǸľ档Ǳһ֮мɡ⣬һһ飬ٹڸ࣬ó͢䷢ǵһ뺣д뺣ǵɲμӿƾˡ
֮⣬ǮٵͶľ䣬ǮıұϾʺţﶼͷ
˻һڡ帮˲еЩˣһֱΪֻǶǮȥ£û뵽ô
һߵһﻹǽƻ
¬ʦԺ˻
е¬֣ЩΪ
¬ʦԵȻΪʺ󡣡
еɲˣȥͶǮĻ˭֪˶٣ʺҲ֪ⷬû̫壬ͷˣ϶ѡλϱһĻʺɶŵģǮֻ»ԽԽడ
¬ʦԻȻЦҡҡͷֻҪǮմϱߵģҿ¼Ҳû˭кôˡ
˵䣬ֻѾų̧λƷС̨ϣʵһ˾͹ˣˣֻǷֹһյġ
׼֮󣬺ЦŴҶ֪ҷ¥ĹأŮʿȡ˵¥һ
԰գ̨ȥ̨ǼԱ̨£ֻܵǮȫ׼ˣЦȥǮɣ

ܵӦһʹǮȥˣζҲ˳ȥǾǮӲҪȫǳġ
ߺ󣬺ɣľǰЦ㿴Ǯô
ɣľ£Դֻ֪ǽһʾծǻʺǮ˵棬ˡ
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¥һŮ˵ºͻʺٹᡣ
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Ů澵Ͼһٹᡣ
ιһٹᡣ
ɽԪϾʮᡣ
ڵľԭʹʮ£Ҳˣµٺ»ˣŮ˶ʮ𲽣⵽滹ȥôƺѾǣٹˡ
ʵŮˣɶǹŮӣûһŮӣȻʺĳΪʺŮˣЩҲŮ˳棬ʵĻܾǼˣôһҪŮǮҲһ㡣
ͬʱܵЩ¥Ա˴ľϣһͭǮУ˸жǣԭһæµҲ˹ȥһЩͭǮľУǮȻ࣬ǴƵգ˺ܶݣҲ˾ͶǮˣǮǮ࣬ɶѽëΪ׵ĺŴҲһǮľС
ܿ죬Ů˾;ˡ
ͷϷˡ
ݵһ¥ٹᣡ
Цվֺ
һԵɵһۣ뺫վǧᣬʱƽ˲٣ҲˣֻЦٹᣬǲӦģЦвӦĻͺֱһǧᣬ²Ц졣
֮ٹᡣ
Ҳֺ
֣зԸģ£֣дӲģҪ͵Ļ׼;һ磬ֻܱܺá
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ļסָ򼾴̡ܷЩĴȿֺľǮƾٵǶԣֱģǮֵ̫ˡ
ҪǶһǮҲǲܵģĵط̫ˡ
Щ֮󣬴вŻ˵Ӵ޼Ҿٹᡣ
¬ʦԾȵУôࣿ
еܱܲ˶ٰɣңҪЩţɽʿѾھǸǹƽ
֮
̫ԭҲٹᡣ
䣬̨˵ͬʱ̧ͷ
ԭ˵Ǻܴϲ˵ϲﰲЦġ
ں̨ĺտһĻЦˣװˡ
εˡ
̵֣֣Ϻ̫ԭϸٹᡣ
¬ʦԵ¬Ͼٹᡣ
ٹڸ˶ԣ൱ˣǴһ壬ٹƽ̯С˼ˡ
Щ˻ȻΡ
ϯϵ¼ЩôͣھھѽС˾ˣ˼Ҷô࣬ҪǾ̫٣ʺܻ᲻ĵġ
һ߲һߵ٣
¼ʲôǮҲֻóʮ¸أ㲻ֻôǮ
ǼٹᣬҲòѽ
ֳ帮帮٣
˵Ǯ帮Ҳ۵Ĳ֪ԣãȻҡҡͷ
ɾʱһСŻǣȿȿȣǧᣡ
ҲϽѰȥԪ֮ɫȥ˼ҺնǧᣬȻ鼮ͷֵǮĿɾˣԪҲžǧᣬԵЩС
޻Ϸٹᡣ
˼ګһ̵ҾٹᡣҲǼģٹỹõó
٣
٣
쳣ᣬûϵݻûȫĴ㡣
ԥʱ̨ϴյлλлλĿλΪǴƵδõĻ
һǽˣﲻɵһɣٺòˡ
ûг꣬Աߵ¼ͻȻʹǶûоˡ
𣿡һ㶣æŶǸǸҷżû˳ΪѾˡ
¼Ц޷޷Ҿʮᡣ
һȫ˵ĿⶼǼˣϯϻмûо谡
ڵСڸʲô
¼˾ˣǺڹݺǣûע⵽Ƕδȥ׼ˣ˾˿ĪҪˣʺѽ
һȻ򣬵ųһ亹ǿһɵģ˼ɽʿ嶼ô࣬Ǻ˼ô룬С߯ˡ
Ԭ̵Ҿʮᡣ
⵱ٵģԶǲˣˣ¼һ˶žʮᣬةʮԡ
˶ˣϧѽȻҲŮôһĻŮͰˡ
Ҳڣվ̨ϣĿ˵ģҵĿҲڡ
ǡǡڹϯϣǳĴۣһӳΪȫĽ㡣
ѹ޴ѽâڱ¼Ԭ褣ǰǮҲܰӣܿ˼ګ裬Լޡ޼һ޾ٹᣬӡǮӡǮ˽սѽһҧϡϷ塪ٹᡣ
仰ʱĶˣƤӶµĲͣ
գôƴаһԶԶԤѽϽ޵ѧʿΪΪƵĶʵ˾塣
帮پһ㣬ǰ浲ǹҲپһ㣬û뵽ھȻͣľٹᣬ˼Ҵһ壬ǿһͥѽôҲɽˣּ˵ĿźյĿƵϣҲҪˣԹй˾ˣǹԱҧҾ衪ٹᡣ
ŸոλûüǮٹѾǼˣ֪صң᲻顣
˼ЩԱôƴ൱ƽ⣬Ǯ󷽶ˡ
ڡ帮˴˿ֻ뱧ͷʹޣ
Ҫ
ײıûˡ
տ˸˵һı飬ûסЦ˳
סˣûסһ촽գ͵͵
ǺЦδκɫܿףʵ٣ν룬˼Ҳ֪ģҲ⣬˵ҲһǮȨǺյһ硣


915 Ǯ
һᣬں帮գ
ĵѽ
´˲ǻȥˡ
ɢ֮ûͣ̾ݻعȥˣϾǻʺ󣬳ʱ޵ġ
һߣҾͶɢˡ
գ۹ٹͲˡ
Ǯ󷽳⣬Ǵ̾һǱһƤ
ļ׵ǮҲ̾ضٸ뻨Ǯûˣǵܹ볯Ϊ٣ǿǷˡ
Ǯ󷽵ͷҲǣǮôҲûҼҲ˵
һ׷ļָô
Ǯ󷽺ʲô˼
ǽа
ָǵǮڼҲǷţ浽Ǯ˵һǮҲܱ࣬ûеĺãѰ˼ǲǷŵǮȥ
Ǯ󷽵ô˵ûǮŵǻ᲻ġ
СΪˣҲ˽⣬ȻͦƻģţʺҲУӦòӰɡ
ļ׵˵ɡ
һë磬ߣߡ
֣
֣
úǼɢˣæ֣һʱ䡰Сһʳڱĸ档
ɢˣæµҲ
ڻһҪȷĹƶȣƶˣꡣ
һεľûйϵǾģ϶ǻģйٷģɲǿЦģĿȻٴС⣬Ҳֺǩһǧ鼮ԼԼǩһһĴЭ顣
Ϊ󲿷ʽδ˵õǮλˣ
ǽ˺յȼü֮
ǧ鼮ǺҪģΪĻս̲ģǷǳؼġ
ȴŵĹ֮Ѿǰʱ֡
磬ˡ
ոջصԺڣܾܵ˹
š
Ϣˡ
Ƚȥ
š
ڣڴѾ˯ˣǰὫϡ

üૣ»㡪ˡ
Ķͷ£Цҵĸۻ˰ɣ
ɬһЦ˵ͷ
һַڻ͵Ϣˣѵˡ
ſںջƬ̶뿪һû뵽ĸôѵһ콣Ҫˡ
պǺǵ㲻ϰЦȥдˣʴ˸еƣ
˵ÿʱҾͷǳݵӣȻһ㣬Ҳ⣬ÿɫ
յҲǣɲܸТиĺôɡ
⵹Ҳǣµ˵ͷͻȻʵˣԪĵôû
£ʵԪҵһظʺӴĵͻԪˡ
һնæˡ
һۿˣʵûбҪƫƫѡĸģǳԪĵģԪĵûһ˵ã
պǺЦˣ˵ˣұϢһɡ
ίһ޶໥ţ˫Ŀ΢ϣѵõһ徻
ڵĿͽˣųǧ鼮㣬һļ赽ʮǮμӵĶʮһ̾;ǧٹᣬټԪҵһᣬ⣬Ĵ壬һ¥֮Լڡޣ˼ګ¼һǧᣬʣµһҲֻһǧᡣ
ǺţֻҪѧԺ棬иʿġ
Ȼеķͷƺѹʺƻᡣ
ڶգһڴձͳˣһڴձûʲôѧʣȫ涼ǹڽкʺƻġ
ҪݵȻǽеĳ
ղ˾Ϣϸڣһһǳذš
ǽеĴҵ
ĿǰѾÿǮʷµͣнǮļ۸չʳһؼһ֮ȡǮڻǮϢϢͱȴǮҪϾÿϢһǮϢ
Ҳһƣÿ˼ֻܴʯʳԼ档
ôԱȴǮҪ
һǴʳǮĹ涨ģʳһ֮˸Ǯ
¹ʳϢһ¾ʹˡ
СҲǵģÿ˼ֻܴʯʳд
ǮűֽԹʳȥˣʳȥˮУǳԸⰡ
ļҲˣ⺫С羿ʲôϷԽԽ׽͸ˡ
Щ˶׽͸˾͸Ӳ˵ˣǶڹ
С
д˺٣˵ûУҲûУؼǰһֱѹȵģǲŻôõ¡
Ǻȴ̩ɽһҲżؼһʱʾλˣĿǰҪģлڡ帮ѪᣬȴеŪͭǮ̫ˣԪұȽֱͣŪһѼֵһĽ⵱ȻҲǺսģΪϽƻҪͭǮ
ֱգŸոմ򿪣ֻٰնһʳܿ콫ֵˡ
ΪЩǴ˷ģںܶն˷ϽϵΪҲڹУǺٶȾͳΪȫǵĽ㡣
զĻһ졣
ֻһͭǮ˳
Թ۵˴һ
գǮģ

˷ܵĵͷǮڼҶ˯ţұȽİһ׬Ǯ
һԵ˾ȵϲôǮȫأѵͲ¡
С磬ʲô
Ĳ˵⺫СΪˣĺܣûкС磬û۽գǮںСĵĺܡ
ϸ˵òҪǺС綼ŲĻǻ治֪˭ҽҲǮġ
ϣˣҲǵġ
ʱвӦȫԱгˣǷǳźյģϾʵǰո̫̫İˡ
ڴʱŮ˷Ķ¥վһһŮǺԪĵ
Ҳ㰲ŵİɡ
ԪĵЦ
ҡͷУҵƷĺò
ԪĵһЦȻƷѾܹϵų̀㻹Ԫ֮ǵʳˡ
ԭЩ˶붼ԪҵĹũ֮Ա
˼費𰡣ɫһϤˣ֪ҵƷҲˣȻ֪Ҫ˿ѽҲ˵ѽڰ׬Ǯһ
ԪĵЦһۣɫһеǷǳ
յô㿴ŵأ
ĪҪСˡ
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գҼҶвٵڼﻹ׻ǴʳĻտܻǳģڼ㰵иŹ˽գܶն˴ʳľôãʳƣƵָߣ㲻׬٣㲻ҪǮޱ⡣ⲻǹؼðնԽвΣʱȻԸ⽫ǮУоͻˡ
ԪҵŮˣ͸
˼ƣԪĵ˵һûдʵ࣬˵ۺܵͣҲţܷͨͣҲֵǮĻƷԤƵǷ֣ȻĻһ֮ҽӽţҪƣֱӱһЩôҪУñ˴˽ΪؼһûнûͻȻʵǷ뵽ʺƻὫԪҴɹأԪһᣬǱͶʡ
Ԫĵһ㶣⡪Ԫкιϵ
Ǵйϵ
ЦΪʺƽϽƻǳҪһ
Ԫĵһͷˮ
ߣҴȥһط


916 
˵۾ߣաԪĵŮ˷ϵԪĵʻ˱ؼ̫ˣҲ첻
ԪĵŮװϽװǷʷģչʾ쾡£ԡ㷢ɷ٣¶˼ɼ޳ĽëķۣվӨ覣һļ޵ĵ
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ڶĺǴ̿ˮĲɵĸԪĵ̸Źڽе£룬Ŀռ棬ҪǲЩʲôǻҡҡλУͻȻһ
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ԪĵźողŵĻҲŵһʶľȥա

տĿԵԴ䣬˵Ŀ֣㶼˳

ϳĳյĽ̽ͣ
ͷҡѽ㲻ҪҡڣĦʹ⳵һҲ顣
ԪĵΪźգһʱδռ˱ˣĵû°ɣ
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Ԫĵ䣬˫Σһ治Ҫ
ѾˣӺѡӣҪˡʼ

Ԫĵһۣƫ⣬ðΣ˵»ġ
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Ԫĵ޳Ĳ͸ˣҪҡұ㽫ȥ
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򵱼סˣҲ̫ˡ
ԪĵĪҪġ˵Żعͷźա
ϸ壬ԽǽԽջѵѽ͵صͷǽ޺ӣϡ
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Ц֮ǰѾ۹ˣضǶһ飬һ飬ݺύ岼Ӱ˸صЧʣؼͳһ滮ЧʽҪߵĵһǽɢĴʼ򻯡
ԪĵüƬ̣ܹ򻯣ôƱػγɼС

ЦңҪ㹻֣򻯵İգũݣ˽׼һҲߣƷ࣬ʧȥصũ򣬽õĲʳǻңǱ빺ƷмһмǮͽƷþͻῪʼա
ԪĵԵͷǰԸ뿪Լء
Ҫһ
յҲΪʲôѧԺԭ򣬴ƻµѧԺǿѶģũԣż˭Ҹĸӳˣܱ壬Щǿ϶ὫԼĺ͵飬Щ·Щʮ·ǳףܹסϣɷࡣ
ҵƷܱģˣҳͱȽϸߣһͺӱôЩܱߵİգضὫǵתƵһ˽Աᣬסһˣֻи˵
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յͷһ˶ˣȻֻܱ֮ٲڳ͢ģ󲿷ֻԪҵģʱؼ۸ضģһ㣬õӣһᣬͻԵòҳˡ


917 
ݺյϽƻ򻯣Ļǲʵֵġ
Թ˿޷УγƷãƵľƣ˿൱ɢģΪڵ˿ڲǸųߣǸߣˣûһĹ滮ôȻǶһС䣬һС䣬ɢɢģЩ˸¶ѵýһ˳ǣ໥֮Ľٵģˡ
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ʵǵķزȽϵԣʴ˵޷뵽һ㡣
ʵһУ챻Щز̸ˣںйǷӽıӻҪһЩҿȥһģ֪ס˭˼ƾʲôķӣǿܱ״ʩôҽԺѧУϰĵطгͼľһ㣬ôô
һѧУˣǾϣϾ񹤳ǷǳģʲôȾϰ෽㣬С鷽㣬ǻʲôɲס
ðΣԪĵüһ壬ʼ޷⳯͢ôģƻ͢ľƣ²ܻӦġ
һЦڰǰ˭뵽ɽʿһͱŸأֵ֤ˣΪ
ѵִµһ粨Ԫĵϸü漰֮£Ǿʿ֮ʷαضԵǵʿ֮ŸոƽϢҪ粨ôȥĻ·ǵɱ㲻ɡ
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ЦĿɿڴΪʲôջɣľˡ


918 ũΪ
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ûһܹ⺫յ뷨Ԫĵúôʵ̫ΣˣҲֲǣ˶ڽǮ⵵ǷǳеģΪǵ˼УһҪƵ·ˣŻߵǮһģҪ֪ջûʺǮԼ
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924 
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֮˱пɺ֮
ճ̾һʵˣֵðͬ飬ΪһжȡǵǵһؼʱȴĶӣ˭İ㣬˭¼֮ˣ֪֪ʵڱУֻһЦĴŮˣ㻹⣬治֪ʲôýģһУһƾԼıµģ㸸ĸģҪ̫ԭϣ¸ȢŮˣöȻζ˵ŮһĲΪŮãҪĻߣѽĸĸ˶ڲ
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յһ´ݶգװװͷűغԷ򣬡ʴ磬ж·ô


925 徫
֮˱пɺ֮ɺ֮Ҳп֮
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þһ˿ϧͷϽסǺǵ⵹ͦе
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յͷĿԶɹ֮ˣй֮ˣҲˡǻΪλȡóɹΪʲôǵܹһһ貵кܶأǽЩؼһ𣬾һֻľ񣬿ϧսͷʱıǨ־δܺܺõĴ˶ѾԼȵĳɹ֮һʧȥ־ǽٲʹʧܡΨЩʿ⣬ʵʿĶЩģҲЩ̣ǳɹĴľҲܹ֡
ͺñ㷽˵Ĳʣʵǫ飬ѧĳɹ֮ǿЩʿмܹҲʣȻǶҵѧпȡ֮Ϊ徫ڹģǻ屣ľӣֻҪ񳤴棬ǻǲᱻܵģΪǵĳɹ֮סʿӦ취⾫ӷѿǾΪУĻ
Ļһħ֣񣬷·𿴵һĹȣ˵еĹȣðΣЦһϯʤʮ顣
ĳɹ֮𣿡
԰գ˶Ц


926 Դ鼮
ʵںæŽеʱҲһֱûţúŵв˵Ĵ忪Դ鼮вֲ鹱׳һʿѧԺͬʱ˵С
ŴǶ鼮ǵӡˢδʱ˳ڹп顱һʣԵ鲻ǲܻ˿ġ
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ʿѧԺǳſƾȥģϣΪƾԴԴϵ˲š
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΢΢üһߵҲһֲԵĿա
յһֱ˵ʣʹӺƾճģǴж¢ϲ飬ºʿֻܶɶûˡǱϣиͲµĻһ㣬ǿԴ飬ܹ飬ͼ⡣
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ü޿ǳʿѧԺȥİɡ
£ǣҲȫǡ
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˶˽ģҲ⣬鼮ͷ̫ˣȻҲΪ˽УԸóһ
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ƶ鼮ֻΪʷʵοڰյò΢ֻǽ鹫һЩڰ鼮ũҵ棬ģԼһЩġҳ͢ҲԽͼ鼮ֵȼͨտʲô飬뾩ĿֿЩ飬һЩֿЩ顣
СӽôôζˣκܲãʼҲ飬ǹʵֵģôܹóȥ˿ˡ
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һԵͻȻ£ֻԲ޵ʿѧԺֻԺ飬һĻںʿӾ̫ƽˣʱƾҲΪ;壬µĳǱ۵ġǷӦչһºʿӣÿƾٱøӹƽһЩ
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⣬оƣ֮ˣԽһȼ鼮ٵ屾𲽣ر˵Ҳ˵屾飬ܹϰٱ顣
ϢںעһǿļŲȱǮȱ飬ͼĳ֣ǽʿСһЩ
Ŷʱ裬ǵĿûʧҪ֪ڹŴ鼮Ůѹ˸㿴ǰ޷ġ
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йŴͲѧǺѧҪԣⲻ£ȫתΪѧʽڴձϣһڵݾԲʣԲʲģֻ֮ϸעͺ㣬ȻϣԸı䣬ʽøͨ׶
ֻһǳ򵥵Ĺʽ˵ԲʵɣѧǳȻĻɥʧȤġ
о3պʼƱ
ͬʱʺƽµѧԺҲʼˡ
ҲΪĽӡ


927 Ԫ

֪Ӻʱʼİгǲ֪ԼʲôǾǶδ
ʵÿ춼вȥۿʿѧԺѧԺĽȣÿ춼вȥۿֳĽȣÿ춼Ŵձš3Ϣ
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һŰһͿŵˣһΪҪһˣҲãʡҲٿࡣϽһ裬һڣſɰˡ
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պһǳҪأǹͼֽҪ֪Ĺͼֽŵȥݸ嶼̸ϡ
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ߺ󣬺¶һĨЦҵѧʿɲôѧģҪһЩ۵ġ


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һشѧӵǣϾ¶ѧϰѧ֤ǿ϶Ҫⷽ˲ţƹѧʱ򣬲ûƭǣ⻹г·ģ䵽ʿƴͷѪƿ·ܶҳѾƿơ
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˵òѧʵ˼ǳϣΪѧѧʣǶڴȻ̽Ǵôȥʵֽκν׼Ҳŵ˼룬Ҫƣ淶һѹһ



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һЦգҽǰмҪ㡣ί㵱ݶʹ̫ԭǰߵȥߣѾ·ϣֻҪȥͥӻϼɡ
ôľǺѽ̫ͻȻˣ̫ˣգգۣʺ󣬳δ͹ݰ
һۣ룬ҿȽͨͨȻĻδܹҵĿġ˵㻹ǴһͿһʱ˲ż꣬мģеһصģֻ㶽ݣѺݶܡ
⻰˵ôףҪٲףǾͳˣͻȻ뵽һˣ˾ǳ޼ɣ룬ǵʮϺ꣬ˣĿǰֲ̫ȥؼͷ̫ˣϽƻȿ۶һȥĻɾʹҵ̡
𻰣ԸȥҲ޷͵û˵ɡ
æ΢Ը⣬΢Ը⣬΢ֻ̫жˣʺ΢Ķ£΢ġ
˵ϣȥа
˼κΪ˲ģ㻹ĵģ˼ٿ㣬Ҳƨˡ
ɱǿ
ϾŮģЩˬշŵĳɡ
ǿһҲǿ
ҡҡͷֻ̾ǿŮǻһŮ˰
һ漴ɫȥ䲻أҲΪˣмǲҪԴ⣬µأɳκβ͵أòҪھӪ
һ㶣ΪΣ
бĿһƳвķӦֲܲ˵¬̫ξĹϵǳµĴҲˣ㻹ǽһΪá
ⷬʮбҪģô򵥵ȥ㻹ˣǵòʧ
նʱоѹ޴ѽΪǧʲôһ㣬Ǵ̡֮£һ㶼ᣬһгҧ볤޼һϵڣͷѽȻȥǵȻⲻܴ󣬵ͷǣ΢עġ

Ҫȥǰߣѵȥ̣
ŴϢûȺ˵꣬;ϲ˵
Ƶ˵ŮͦΣյģȥǰߣôˣ㾿ʲôİ
⵹ҲŶ
գգֺۣΪͻȻȥǰߣ
յôѵҲ벻ס
һתЦϲϲͥβ֪еͻȻʲôƵãȥѺݰɣ
վȵ֪
ˡ
̾˿⹫߾ʱҲҵѺݡ
˶ܸɵ£û˫ȫĸɲˡһֻѹİٱĵԭ߹·Եⶫǵ
һѺٶѣֲ̣治֪Ϊ˷ܡһƲǲм
үүƵʲõĵһԪ˧۹ȻȳҪ࣡
ǳ
һѵû̴ľǺڣҸ˵үүı棬϶ᵽڵҪԣǴȥش󰡣
°һۣûΪıУȷʵᵽڵҪԣҲ룬ٲΣաȻĽЩսĴ󽫾˽ҲǺ뺫ȥսɳȻһתЩįȥµһأһġ
ףⲻ̫˵Ļճ˵Ůˣè壡ս
գ˫Ŀĵգһȥ
֪è壡˼ƣŶûСռʡʡɣ浱Ըҵģ˭ȥʹ˭ȥϽžͷǲܵġ
ոﻹɱŪˣ߾ʹȥ벻ŪҶѰ
ºߵȥͲȥϡô
ЦЦŮʵҲ᲻㣬ǾӪжǴˣҿɲ绨Ľ޸ЩϴִһҪŮ˵Ļ㲻ȥҲðȥ
ΪΣǰʱĻϲ䣬ֺ
յҪȥĻҲõĴ׺
һ㶣漴Ӧѽ

ƺϵˣ˫ֵȥ
һӣ޶ǰҲڣվͽ¸֪ǡ
Щͷ󣬸ǿĲѣûһϸʵģϾ˾ˣһˣȥգɼǰ;һƬûһģŪúնԼȥʱΣյǰߣȥصġ


939 
Щ˾ȻһȻ̫ģĻǿġ
Ƿ¥ȴеҪǰȥǴľ̫ͻȻ̫ˡ
Сո磬Ϊȥ̣ѵϲӮô
ȷӦĻСãֻƺץص㡣
ϵúնǿǵСãѾͯ޼ɵˣҪ˵ĻҪ̰ˡ
ֻʵʵ˵࣬С
ոζǵǵСո磬᲻Σգ
ͻȻ˼ҹʱ˵ЩĳЩ;ˣһ㶼һѺЩͻգȥǲ˼
㣬þǶһЩ
ЦǶİɣҴȥ͸ʳͻģȥᳬġ
ԭˣǵˡ
Сظ
Ҳ˿
⻰ǿɱ˵ղ
æԶԶԣ²ҽӣСĻҪǵԴ
λŵˣһĵͷ
ҲֻܹסǰհһЦֵ֮ǿҪע⣬ǰǰˣ¶ģ֪ô
Ȼʮ飬Ҳ÷Ÿڵʱ̫ˣ·ӣҪԶˣµȻȣ޹йϾ¥ӰҪǳһܻ൱ķ죬ûܹƿصסȵòȵƶ棬ȽϷһЩ
þСڵʱǿҲûк
ȴǴڼʲô⣬ɵעһЩ
ţ֪յͷ
ǽһ󣬺ȥɣľЦȻͻȥˡ
ǰŸոսţͽ
ЦҡҡͷȻ֪˭ˣɡ
ֻСһЦ˽
һۣСڴһ仰˵üȥģǲһȥ
СҰͷҪȥ硣
ܵѧҪȥﺫ
ԺǺһЦҴȥҲΣûɶΣգȥҵǲᷴԡС֣ߵ¶æô
ܵܶʱһ㶣ֶ콫ˡ
һĨЦ⣬С֣ڲһˣһˣѾԼҵ˵ͷʹ㲻Щôһߣͨǿ̫ƽˡ
ܴܵͷСҰˣһ˴ʲôȤζ
⻰˵ǵöİշ°ֵۣҵȻǿģȥǾһȥÿϾҵ
ܵСҰ
СҰһ£С֣Ҿú˵úеҪˣͨܵô죬Ϊ˸Ŭ˵Ҫȥ㲻ҪǣǩʥľԼɲܷڵģʦ˵ɷҪأԶš
ܾܵŷʷʵ촽ԥΣջǵ˵ͷСҰġ˵ֿգۿ磬СҰǿɵЩȻһǵġ
ˣˣˣ˵ôĻͻġ
Цҡҡͷﰵ˿ȻСȥҲһȥģϾȥǰߣΣһеģСֱ׾ʵǲȥǰߣһʲô⣬Ǿ̫ΣˡҲԸСָȥԿ࣬СҰĻϣܹһȥһһ飬СҰڣҲһЩ
⻰ɲֱ˵˺СֵģҲ˵Σգ˵Ļܵܿ϶һȥģ㲻ȥҲǳģʴֵķǳɡʵӲԵĿȥҪСһʲôѡػصķȥ;һǧԣʵ̫򵥲ˡ
ֵһɣľЦˡ
գСаôʸˣǹĽֵҵġ
ֹϵЦ¶ô룬ľԶˣĴƣܹ̣൱ģȵĹٻҪһЩ
ûҪȥ̵ģ⻰ǵȥɡ
ɣľȵ㲻ȥ̵ô
Ƕ֮ҪǰߣȲľ͸δꡣ
̵ܵ˭˵ȥˣֻȥݵģһΣնеġ
СҰҲͷ
ݣ
ЦƵδ߯ҲƲˣһ˾͵˳˶ȻȥʳʲôȥģݻҲͰ
ȥ˼һȥˡܼӣЦ㼸˼ѽ̶Σհôȥô
Ц̵ҿûô룬СһӵĻ⣬ҿܹ˻δˡ
ңңƨĵģҶеûţԽԽа
ҡҡͷֵˣЩƨȱ˵ˣµġ
˶٣ɣľɣľ֮ڣ⡣ֻҪһ¾ˣ˽£ᵽκμƻʱȫǳһ
ɣľͷ֪ˡ
һ֪֮£֪Щƻ治Ļһ׼ҡ
һɣľͦĵģǶЦĻǾ൱ģЦЦҴȥĵľǽС
Ц̵ɶĵģҷŴɱˡ
Ҿ
յпɲͬǰķвͻ̽ľء
ɣľҲеϵҪҪȹ˽С
Цɫһǲġ
ЦЦҲ̫СˣʵֻҪЦԸŬԴýˡ
Цɲôɣľ߯ҲƲˡ
ɣľҲӦæӣǱǸҲ˼
Цôˣһƽϡ
ֿЦ˵ǲ
ЦߵһһͣҲ֪ô
պǺһЦҴûлȻҵҲὫ䴫㣬Ҿˣýʵһ׼ǧҪͼ죬һ㣬ҲҪ׼ȷ⻹һ㣬һҪע⣬һЩǼԴûһҲǻǵжϣֻǼԴһЩũײģûеܶǮҪôĻʮа˾һȦס͵һ˵СûйϵǲܴմĻԡ
ΪѽһҪһЩ£һҪίķʽ˺ǵġ
Цɣľͬʱͷ
־ϸڽһ
ԽԽ࣬Ͼ׼չֵģܶƻѾƴˡ
ѡĻ治Ը˿뿪ΪոӣδüˮҪߵĻҲӾҲðգѡΪյȰһЩ򵥵Ĺˣӵľ͵һǲչҲҪ
һܶ༴ʩеļƻҪʱĸǳ


940 ƽ֮
οûиն׼ʱ䣬죬ΪξҲҪ׼ʲôܸȡ
Ƕںնԣ컹ЩҪ׼Ķʵ̫ˡ
ڵɣľЦһЩֽ֮ˣòȥ׼һЩеġƷ
ڶһּææȥ
ˣ
ѩˣüĿϲ˵
һƺ֪Ҫ
ѩͷЦѾˣҵô
Ȼûн¹ڣҲûҪ˵ףҲǰһݶʹְλйز´ּͿˣܻõȥʴ˴˶֪ˣ˼ګպþйزУһʱ͵֪Ϣ
Ƶĵͷôһ˵ӵĻ̼ˡ
ѩһЦϲ㣬ա
ϲң
һ㶣Ϊ˵᲻ˣߵңһӵһǡǣ˵ֻһݵģϾǰ߰һΣյġ˲ȡһѩͬ飬˳´һ̸ʲôģѩ̴̬̥С
ҲŲˡ
ѩһۣЦж͸־ķŶŮ˽֪㲻ˣΪػ־ֻǸ̰֮˶Ů㡣
˵ɫߣͣ˵úܳʵҲʵһֻ֪Ժ֣ϷӵˣʹǮͨѧҲϲյģϲգȻΪյĲǡ¸Һ͵ʱյĺտɻû˧ԿЩǧС㡣
߹֮Ĺ˵ȥȷһЩΣգѣѲ㣬Ѿףݾ׼ãֻ㿭
˵ҲȷʵЦȻǴһƭʶģȴԺޱȵģȻЩĻǽһЩ棬һҲģźմȥ´󹦣Դ˷ڴ
жԱۿ΢΢ЩʪͨԼŮˣǷ򸴺󰡣Ƭ̣ͻȻС֣΢΢Цѩܹ㣬ҺĪˡ˵˶٣ֵʵҵﰴһ֮һ
ѩһ˸۵⣬аЩԽһͶ뺫յĻ
ձ㷢һͷһ˵Ŀ
໥ţһЩ޹ؽҪ£ñ˵£ֺñ˵С֡СҰ᲻ȥ
ѩͬһĴҹ㣬СȽ϶Ͳճ˵ŮˣǰնòһأԴҲԹԣǳ⺫գÿˣеǳģ¶İԹ֣ͲãյֻӦסһˣΪջԼ롣
ˣ
һ̶úƲѣɡ
ѩƺƵģһĨЦ⣬ҿ˳ǡֳʲô£
ѩ㣬ү뺫ȥǰ
տڵѾȥˡ

ѩ͡һЦЩȥɣҵϾȥЩҪ㣬ҿɰﲻ㡣
ðɣ
˵ͻȻѩǽ޵ĺ촽£Цȥȥ
ѩԳƷϲĹͨ죬Ůǽߵ̬չֵ쾡£޶ˣúնȥˡ

ǰ˼ګյĿ⣬ôӺìܣˡ
ռ
չһ񣬱ȴǳ̹Ȼô¡
ɣ
ǡ
벻㣬Ҳڿ˼˼ګһۣоһ˿Ľ֮⡣
㶼ˣȵ֮㣬ĽûõġڨڨһЦˡ
˼ګȴǻһתʼΪ񲢲ʺ㡣
üͷһ壬ɫߴͽ̡û͹ݣ֪еĹء
˼ګδеĵӦףѺһȼֲܳ񡣿Ͳѭ浸أĴɰȥһıʿǾʺϲˣѺƫƫҪѭ浸ص£һһͣǼнóɲʺӡ
ϾȷֺյˣںҲ൱˽⡣
Եͷ̵ǲ֪Ҹõô
˼ګõʲôҪŲʣԲװơ
ճƬ̣ˣлĽ̵
˼ګ˼ԣʲôܣϹӺưͣҲҪָ䣬˵ͻһκʧɾʹˡ˼ګºմΪϲţ¿治ţ밴Ͱôô򲻿
˼ګ̸֮󣬺ȥϷ˴УϾϷ֧ģ˼ګϷˣɵúúðͽһ
Ǻղû̫ʱȥһԪұ
ʱֵ磬Ԫĵڻ԰潽ˣԵü죬ͬʱһЩţΪղϾĿǰĹϵΡ
տϵĲ죬ԵΪԼĹϵԶ࣬ЩѹЦ˵ʵҲʱ㣬ϾҪȥǰˣбҪ˸һЩ¡
ֻѵһԪĵеľưͻȻڵأֻԪĵĿԲͫ׽Ŵ˸޾־塣
ΪëӦô󣡺նЩŵˣ㡪㻹ðɣ
ԪĵһԼ˵ΪʲôͻȻҪȥǰߣһڣƾЩףֵҵ˼ǰôδ
ĪЩΪԪĵķӦ̫ˣʵҲǰ֪ģͻȻһ㣬Ҳȥ̵ģֻȥʳԭӦܹ뵽ģҺܿͻˡ
һƺûӦеã˷ЧԪĵкðһ˿
ܸоЩ죬ĵǲЩ
ԪĵһʹɫһƬȻû£㡪ô¶Сġ
Ŷ
յ˵ͷγȻò˶ãܵü£ϽƻӺһЩʱգڼ䣬ʱͻ׼ΪҪһ˵ҪĿġ
ԪĵĲɵһ̫Ԫĵˣһ̸ôԪĵʮ־ʵĵ㻹ðɣ
Һܺã
ԪĵֻǵĻӦһ䡣
ջЩͷԣҲΣþͺãþͺã
Ԫĵ״̬ҲûеףԪܡԪʱ˼䣬Բ䣬һȣûл֮ǰκʵԵĶ׼Ϊ
֮ȻЩԪĵûһʱ䣬ͣĸȥѵӪӡ½һ
գ
㡪ô㲣
͵£㲵ЩԾ
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һ㶣漴һЦ֪ɣ˵ţóһ鼮ݹȥš
ùһıۣҾȥʳѣıңѹܴİ
°һۣѧһܹ鲻ǻ£Ҫмǣ򲻿֪Ļв
ļٵģվȵ
ߵҪ˵أ
ǡǺðɣ
ձҪģǼһƬʵ⣬ţʵʵ뻳УͻȻ§뻳ݺȥ
һ漴ͱյİԵڻˡ
޶ú´һֱѩĵ
˵ѩĹϵͬһ㣬ѩϻǺյĺ֪ͣҲȻġ
ֻ͵ǰûгֻҪˣͲţĸߺգ˵ģŪúһĪĽţϾ¾һѽҪҲȥˣϽǻȥˡ⻰˵ʵֻǶݶѣôʢ󣬱˻Цġ
ֻ¡ѩܵһֱͳǣе·ڸǷֱʱˡ
ܵСҰһĨᣬһֹ˵ûûˡ
ڿʲô
¼ʱʱؿһۣͻȻʵ
ûʲô
ջĿε£֪ҲýˣͻȻһת¹֣£ЩĻ˵
ϲϽȥ
Сߵ£Ұ㣡һġ
ߺ죬ͷĨƵãҲġ
պٺһЦֳѩѩ
ѾѩˣŮ޺ãĵֲԴףȫûκвһԴס
ѩĿ¡
ЦɵѾͷ
ѩ࣬ߡ
ߵѩĵƺЩûµĻȥǧҪ¡оǣһġ԰գͻȻͷѩĶ
ѩͷһŪɬѣƳ¡
һɫȫûлɣոڹˡ
ܵͻȻ˹ί磬ûɶҪ˵ô
Ȼа
һѽ§ߺܴǵüʡ

¡ѩСҰôЦ
ܼܵôģԼҲٺЦһֱȴ顣
ΪҶ֪߸Ե÷ǳɣû̫ĵǡ
Ȼղ֪ǣڵ·ߵɽУһٻӰעֱѾʧˣأעԶ
Ϊʲô㲻ȥͣ
һͻŵһٻӰ΢΢һתԲ磿
ŮԪĵ
˵ԪգֻԪɫص˹СãΪ˸е£ֻȥʳģκΣա
ԪĵһﲻԪ߹ɽȥ˵Ҳô˵ġ
ԪһĨʹ


941 һ
Ȼ䣬Ʈ˽׵ѩʧҲԤʾź̤Ķƽ֮á
뿪Ƿƽ˾û֪ƵãʵȻҰ¶ڹע£йԱ֪ȥƽģΪ·ģȻǶϣΪƻ˹ͳΣͬʱҲףǲ赲ģȨҪκգû˿赲ֻܾӡ
һϣʵܶ˶Ը⺫뿪
ΪЩӣһֱźյĲߣǶã֪ԼڸʲôʩչƵãǱոˣתԼ󣬿νľƣֻҪǾͲòҲºٸ£˺յ뿪Ҳǻһ
ҲΪʲôҶ£뽫ߣҲҪˡ
⺫մȥɵ˲У֪ʵѾ̫ԭͥݣȥͥʱպܹݶϣֻҪȥͥ¡Ȼһоˣ˸Цǣӳȥͥݵ·ͥݵǰߵıΪսžɽһɼǶôడ
ǻ˵Ҳɵģ̫ԭƹܵĵطͥݵƿطǳǰ氢ʷǺ³ȡͥݣ˵ͥݣͱ뽻ͥݵĹԱת˸ǰߣΪ̫ԭȥˣϤص·ǰߣôһʹȥලҲбҪģֻոӲϤ·ˡ
գҹ̣ƥ֪˶ƥǾĵطǲĵطȱƥͥݣպӻϡ
һ·ҲȫǼŸ·Щǵ飬ҪģΪߵ·˿֮··ԣǿش󣬵·˶ԣǷǳҪģΪûȫ·̣ͨյҵ۹Ȼȥóףǳһ·
һߣҲһڿ˿֮·
ط飬϶壬Ǩƹĺ˷ǳ٣ҲһЩԹ¤ĺѪǲĵķʽһЩѪĹԱƹֻһЩصܵ˵ƳһƿػǷǳɢģӦڷԭݸиϵ
ϢںնԷǳҪ
ӻ֮Ѻٺ͸ٶǺˣǲ˽⺫գڶû˵˶λεĶʹЩϾǳľ٣ܿʧˣΪʲôŲʣѺûûκ𣬸տʼѺٻ΢ʾ䣬󼸺ˡ
Ҳȫ˼ګװƣ˵·;УԼڣ;ķ⣬羰ǷǳƣţճȺ洦ɼޡǸڶһصɫʡ
ǴȻķ⡣
磬ЩʲôΪδôߣ
ոճȥһȦԻСҰЩģ˷ͻȻչޣȫܷģʵ
ЦⶼǷõģɱ״򿪣ܳǿɾòˡ
Ŷ
СҰַͭ˻ȥڷõûɶȤΪûбҪֵͷʵ磬ڿʲô飿

ʵҲſʼģʵ̫ˣ㿴ơ
СҰһʱ۷Ź⣬ƫͷȥ
Ŀһб˹ȥҪô
ƣ
СҰӹһȻζ潲ãʦ̹ҡ
üǰɣ۴ƵһԪ˧дñ
СҰ¶мı飬˻ȥأϡôʦҪ
СҰһЦӹǺǵ˵СҰǸ
СҰͷ˼Ҳûйִ硣˵ţС°͵磬㿴ô
´ˡհڰ֣ҵģ˵Աʱ֮裬Ҿһ͵ģⶫЩɱţˡ
СҰνͣ
Ǵոյ
СҰͷôԶһ¶ûǲΪʲôҪͣҪҲô㵱һԴĲǣǾ֮ô
ˣСҰ̫ˣÿ˶ԼĳͶ̴ҵĶ̴浶ǹĸˣҵĻӮʵʲôݶ˶̧ˡ˵СҰʵأʦôıô
СҰ룬ҪǴĻҵԡ
ʲôϵշŰ۵
СҰҪ㣬Ҫȥˣ˭硣
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942 ͵ʴ
̫ˣλ񽫾ʱҲǴľû뵽ֱ̲ıɱ͢١
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мһˣǰӼòϣͻʵͷźɱͷһ񵽴ƾҲ֪жˣջ¶ڵǰǻëǰƾ㻺һ
ҧһϽӳ̴ǧ׾ɱϡ
ǰƾ̿ʼˡ
ͻʴ˲ܣָӣжףͳһӴܶȥ
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ܶߵصƾɵˡ
ڸȦô
СȻСҰ̫ˣϣƶûɶоѹȻ졣
СҲսնˣԼʮˣȴǸһСƨ壬̫ˣûа취ƴ϶ѣҪ΢񣬹ƿСҰսƮβˡ
پСҰ׷ʮ·ɱõƬײͻʾױţݺύɢɽԭҰϣ޷ͳơ

СҰͻȻһͣһӡ
漴ϵն΢˿СҰʵΪβ׷ˡ
СҰһǵʦ˵Ī׷Ҫ׷ȥ׷
ո׷Ľʿ仰ûѪ㶼׷˼ʮ·ˣ˵Ī׷ȥˡ
ȻһͬСҰǲϲǣȥ
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СҰߣһնŸӣ̫ˣüеģֻߵãЧһܵûӰˡ
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СҰһ·ܣ·ƾЩƾʿСҰǻһɾ⣬СҰǣľǲϲǣ͵һˡ
СҰСҰ
磡
СҰŴ˺ϣھຫջжʮಽڱܼ䣬
СҰ
ճץСҰ˫ۣ´ѪŷЩŭСӷ˰ɣ֪֪ŶΣա
ûз衣СҰ磬ҷɱ˺Щоһ׷Ǽʮ·⹦ӦñѺݵĹҪһЩѺʳĹǾͲҪˡ
㶣ۿ΢΢ЩʪͻȻһѽСҰסЦСӣ


945 ͷһ
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ռ򵥵Ľ¤ŵ¸СҰǰΪûбҪСҰ֪СҰҲðЩĶǵ£û뵽СҰǿûҪ
СҰ֮ȴԵܿܣȻӮˣҪôѡսҪôͷ䣬ЩС䲻ӢΪ
˵Ҳе
յʵҲԴ˸еģҲǡ
СҰΪΣ
յΪΪΪưսܹȵڳģҵӢۣܵίҲɸ֮һЦ˵ţСҰԴǰ˵䲻ӢΪǴӢΪһ㼦ëƤ£ƽˣֻԼΪûҪҲǴһվ뿪ˣ˵𣿡
СҰһ£ͷ֪ˡ
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һ˵С֣СҰЩѣ˵òСһˣֵͦģǲ֪Сڳúô
յǻȥʱ߿һ㣬Сˡ
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Цŵͷ
СҰֵҲϲЩ˵ģǵ̫Сˣͺʹһ
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Ȼһ˹ʹܹ̻Ӫ
֪ˣ
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ոϽ͵͵СҰʹ˸ɫСҰ磬ŵò
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üҡҡͷʾҪԡ
ҧɨڽȻüͷһ壬

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ҧüͷһԣӹگ򿪿˿úðΣͻȻڵȥᡣ
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ܹܣܹܣ
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СҰڣһҡͷԣвκ˶Դ˶еЩ١
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β֪ұκ˶ҪżǾɽҲûа취
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˵ˣһӢ۳ĺĸо
΢΢ü̾ʲô磬ӢڣӢڣʵΡҿûʸ¬˷ʦسѳͷҲǿɴС
ҧ΢΢һۺգ漴ЦҡͷϷ˵ʲôϷˣԱ㡣
յϽǾ㣬ж飬ʴ˲ˡ
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ջһתֻ֪һ̶ڱµҪԣϽܹȫʤ飬һϽġ
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λԸ⣡
ҧĿ΢΢Щʪ󣬵Ҳò˼ˣҲò˼ɳеЩѣζĲпᣬǲ֪ϷǼöˣ˵Ϸˡ黢Ҳ¾ʲô˼´󹦻ȥϣһʵϷϻ硣ϳ̼һңĹҪòϷֻĪҪˡ
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βˣôβܻƹܳʮ
ǳҧһˣǿѫսպգλͬСɣϣΨܹ볤޼ɡƴһƴҪǳ鷳Ҫûһʵɣ⳷ĻеĲ
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ĶȺߵЩ˺޳ſԣȵʱ񣬿ǽΣȻǾƲȣֻǺȷƣԺҲҡѾˣӹ顣
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СҰС°ͣδѣȴ˵żĻ
΢΢ü¶ɫ룬ҪôĻЩ˲úǣҵó׼ƻؽܵţվӲϺơ


948 ʵҲǼ
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յǿɲС£Υ͢ȣôˣµĽӲͷ
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A˵ȥأ
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հֵ֪ƳСʵ۸ոռλҪ˷ʤΪԼ֤ƳǼΪһսɧһˣǻȥǵŰô˵ʷǺ³󺹣ƾͳ˧
ʷǺ³˼ܹɹƾһҵĻһὫֳɼ·˱ɼܵɧš
󺹲Ϊսһؼڡպݺƨ
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ʹƾɢҴ˼֮ؼڡ
Цʵ飬Ӯʢƾһ𣬾ȥǵȻǰȥһɢǷʱ͵ˣǿԼƱƣҲܷơ⣬оǶľƾ;棬ڲҲһѣ˽⣬ͥݷѾ·ˣ֪ǵݻ·ֻɰСӣСӱؾ֮·û֮ݣģ֮ս˱ȫƾ
ʷǺ³дһĴȵã˼
ȴЦҡҡͷ
ʷǺ³üΪҡͷ
Ц˽״˲ߣǴ˲߸֪֮ɹˣҷԣϣܹ󺹵࣬󺹳ΪսǰѣĿҪսϱλӡ


952 ж
ǧǱ仯ǧǧԼõĶΪƻеص㣬ñ˵棬һ㲻ǧҪģǧҪǱϣ˷ʤ
յĿʵ뽫ʷǺ³ƭȥƾӣΪصչļƻһıʷǺ³伢ĿڸʷǺ³Ϊ棬ƾֻһ㲻ʲô
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ҶĲǰѾʷǺ³ˣľӶǰʷǺ³ţȡ֮󣬾ʹ㽫ΪԼ󷽵һ֧㣬ӮˣԶǰвˣӵвȻȥĺ˹ɼʷǺ³ӹţ׼ֵģһʱͷԷȡ
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ʷǺ³üͷ֮ԣõΣ
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ʷǺ³ŵü֣ӺյļƲߣӷΪСӣһ飬ַɧƾһССȥƾ󷽽ݡ

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纫Ԥϵǰ㣬ɧŵУͻʴʿ
ʷǺ³ˣ࿪ˣںոޱȵΣЩĴǵĽʿ״Ҳûɶ˵ˡ


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ʷǺ³ͷϲǾʦͷ侲Щͱ޳ͷԣµȷӦ֪Ĳ䡣
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˷ܵʦƣȻû˵ʵоԶѾʿʮֵ䣬ټϾʦ֮оڲԹصѾսʱҾضܹо

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һɴƵƵͷаȴ̣⵱У޷Ǿڰܾ֮£лô£бȥƾҪôţĻǾûɶˣ⻰Ʋ²ʵҪµðа˵
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ཫʿҲе˷ܡ
ǱͺƵãУ԰Ρֱ飬ռ̫ˣеȻһЦһо֮У
ڰаô仹ǻɺգǼʷǺ³һڽ춼ͷϣҲ֪ԼȰ˵ûκЧʷǺ³񣬻òʧ


954 
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СҰðԵĳ˷ʮ˳аһˣǵȻаʮ֮һΪͻȻټӰаսϾƾСҰռȻ
СҰͷһֻһͷǰ

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һ˶ͻȻƬ̣漴ֱסյֱĿ˯˹ȥ


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գǹҰһǳ˶ȴһҲÿ࣬Ϊóľǿ֣ѧѧѩѩ̣ѶѩˣҲһ֣ϵЦҲüǷ·һĨ˽ˡ
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Էǳ򵥣ǺյǸԣЩ֮⣬ннЩ齵ĲȥЩûй齵Ĳ䡣
֮һ仰ǻȥ֮ǰܻͻʵĴڣ


965 ҵĸԴ
տ޹һ粨УһаҲƶǱȶΪʵҲȷʵˣʱȷʵû뵽һա
ΪһǧóľһЩУı仯ȥԼ档
ǧĲͬǧҪӶӦ䣬ûһЩԭԵ棬ǵԶģڱ仯ģܵãҪȾȷԼ棬Ȼܶ࣬ڴ棬ǧӶ档
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˵׻أԭҲûɶ𣬶ȥԭ棬Ψһͬľһһء
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վͷУֻҪƿԱ֤С棬ôͲܳΪҪ۸С䣬ôСͻϴ䣬Լ˴Ƶı
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⣬ҲϣЭ飬ô֪͢ǳظλһ߾ȫָٽһķ١֪ЩҲ֧ԮʷǺ³Ҹ֪ҲΪԱŻôġԴҼ̣տʼǽǲսңûսǾͽǴȥɣ
˻һһȣһֱ룬ƾ鷳ˣû뵽ƾǲķ²
ʹ㡪˵Ķģ
Ȼġ
Цǰ治˵𣬳͢߾ȫǻָĹؼˣǵҲҪȥ𣿡
һڲ첻ϲ
⻹ֻΣ
һ֣أ棬Ƿǳ͵ģ͵ʤ죬һѩ֣ټͥټҲΪˣһѩ֣սԴʵԭҲˣǵĳ͢һֱ취ԭյֿ֣ͬģҲҴƵ񣬳͢һͬʡλ֤֮ڣһõ⣬ȻҲ˵ķѩ֣һʧûУʧǱⲻ˵ģ͢Ҳֹˡ͢ҪǣǶɹѣѴʧ޼ҿɹ顣
Щʱˣ
ѩһֱǺĵˣһѩ֣ԭƲǿǲɵֵģֻţոǣ԰Ǽʧϲ⣬־ͦ˼ġʵҲڲ˼飬˷ѩ֣ûгˣֻȥ˭ģ˵ģԭԣôҪǣȻĻԼҲܵǣ
ܹ͢͢
һԵģ
ձ֤ų͢Ҹ賯͢һЩʱա


968 ʦس
ڳʱǳƪۣ໨ֺƣΪڳһˣô׬ǮҲҪ˼ʲôô΢ֿڶ֮Сǳ͢ٿڸ˿̸̸ڼ䣬˵ĻҲô䣬Ҫôڣھ¡
͸˵غһӡ
˵ǿȥŵģһ֪ţˡ
Ͼʱ򣬶ЭǲκģոŪˡ
һ֡
ЭǶںĵġ
ƺһϸڣǲЭ飬ǰǻָⶼҪһͷˣͷ˭
ȻǴơ
Ŀĺȷǿһƿ䵽ĳ
ڶգ͵ұƾ²ģŵԣǶˣЩȥ
ǿںе
ҲûжයˣˣЭ׷׻ȥˣϾסҪǮģأȻǮҲš
ͬʱѵĲҲ̱ƾƽϢˡ
ʵ·˵һս˵һζսҪǵĿķǳ򵥣ǴֲǹؼȻĻ˿ɱˣشֻ߰ҪĵطȻʱЩֻҡ
ǺҲû̻פڹȡ롢Ҷ»ĵء
Ȼ󣬺շһϵиʾȣаʷǺ³µУˣҲҪ䶤ڳϡȻлŰʷǺ³ѵĽ죬ǶսˡǰĻ᲻̫ͬڻӻس;šǺȴ˰ʷǺ³һеϣǵĴ
Ϊƾɱ˲ˣܵҸģʷǺ³Ӣۣôƾˣںڹ뱳
ȻʷǺ³Ǵģôвȵ˾ǶԵģҪľǲҷǱʷǺ³ΪūģȫͷŻؼңָǰյݣҽʷǺ³ԭǣֲǵʧЩū붼ǰ̩ɽһʮղ䣬ʷǺ³Ҳʮղ䣬նƽ˸»һڲ䣬λô²黹֧֣ڷһǼĴ
֮󣬺ֽʷǺ³ȡȫ黹ǣҷԸ·˧ģʽټصĲ䣬ʵЭ顣
ЩսܺʵΪ˶˴ˣܶ࣬Щ䶼ѾˣߴľǴ¡ܡľ䣬ɱˣΪǷ׵ģҲƾͶͻʵ۹ģǵȻƾɣǲ쵱ͱɱˣͼ˳ȥĽ죬ûһŵġ
ǵԽķʽЩܵ˺Ĳ䣬Ҳ˵ǵȸܱ߲䣬ܱ߲ٽԼԭȵЩʧصĲ䣬䶼Ǵ䣬õģǵȻԸ⽻ÿ䶼ܴл̸൱졣
ͬʱջʾ͢ڸ·վµĵ·ҳŵὫеĵĹ̳аһδսУƾĲ䣬˾ٴʩǹԭȵɡ
һϵеĴʩøǻϲأǴӺһϵоٴսҪΪֹѾսˡ
תۼ䣬²ʣ°ˣǲܷŵģոǶսﷸأ޷ǲ͢·ߣǲеģѾ˿ڣЩսﷸȥҪܵͷ
ʷǺ³սҶɺѹûº飬ԲΪλûһͷˣԼҲ˺ԼĲϽָ˭ģ˭ǷչԼĲˣΪƳĵûùãһ㶼ǴӼѡ¸صôΪĹûʷǺ³ȫյһɶ
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ҲҸȼܼ򵥣иɺʱó׼ƻÿɺɫļƻ÷ǳӣԤ⣬˲ϲһףûпɺôվͿԴչȭţһеһУҪƿ˿֮·
ȵһϵаŶʵ֮󣬺ղ·Ҳȫһפأ⣬ջնмפҶͥأ֤Ĵʩܹ˳ִȥ
·֮󣬾Ͱʦسˣ
ʿɢڸ÷طأȢϱȢϱЩĴ󽫵Ȼǻس칦ȥ
λ¹ȥˡ
СҰʵЩͷˣߵ̫ˣźյ磬һɣôȥʱܻص
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һδСֳ˲٣СҰδг̫࣬Сֶ콫СҰԼˡ
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ϵĺЦˣˣҪؼٱô˿ˡ
ԻѲķֿܵգ磡

ղûܸܵ˵ˣˣҶ촭ˡ
ܵɿգֵϹ顣
Դۿ΢΢Щʪ󣬴һֻ˲ͷˣСӳ˲ٰ
СҰֱͷС֣ǳ˺ö࣬Ҹһͷȥˡ
Ҳ֪һһӾͳˡ
ܵܺٺһЦʶһ⣬ֳСҰСҰҲһ᳤ߵġ
СҰ˵ͷԸ߶ȵνøߣ
ֵҲ˲ٰǵҵǰǵüʰ
ܵźգ磬Ҳţһ귴Եøˣٳһ㶼Ļš˵һתָָ磬֪ǳŵ˭
٣һ겻Сӻѧתƻ⣬ǻ˵תƵһ취ûа
պǺһЦȥ쳣ǰƿֻһɫŮӣ˭


969 ֮֮
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󿴵ⳡ棬Ŷɵˣǳ棬Ѿŵȥˣⳡ棬о춼Ҫˡ

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ҲûһͷߵСһͲðˣڣҴ֮
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Եͷ
ֵ֪¿Ҫеļһԭ
üҪеļŵһ棿ΪΣ
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һĲϵһ֦㣬ǰٻţӦũΪ̸һũҵܵ𺦣һȹΣڣ˵˶浱췴ڵĻǾƲܵģΪЩڹԱ޷ҿǾͶһ̹Ӷ£Ҳֻ̫࣬Ҫȥ˿԰ǶȹΣڣҴлȡ档ǹ̫ˣ𲻵ãũҵһ𣬹Σ
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΢ˣ


992 ڱ
ʵϣ¹ôģա
⵱Ȼǳڹ棬ǳ档
һζУ˵Ǿ¹Կµļȵߡ
¼ȵ߲ΪζΪȵߣΪ̫ڡΪθոȨãûжܵĶݣȻڳд˳޼һɣֲһЩĹԱ齨ԼڸԱֻǱϵģǼϣЩʿ谭οɲٸ干¡
˵ôЩѫ֮󽫵ⶼˣҵô죿
ҪȫԼôͱЩȵߣӸϴЩŷ塣
ǼȵߣȨˣҲǹ࣬ûȷ̬ȵڶգα㽫ʽʷ̨ȥ飬ΪǹԱԱʷְ̨
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Τ˼ǫڴϣɫ԰ף񲻼ѣǹС
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λһһ
Ԫ΢΢ЦհؿǸǴ̫ľϲûлṧ㵱࣬඼ûпףˣҲǵһˡ
æˡСȷӦݷô󲮡ǽǱߵ£ҲӦжţʵ̫ˣʱҸûаУô˵ⶼСĴ
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ԪĵߣԪĵЦЦǰõȻҪһЩ
ԪûעЩʵе£ҪǳǱŪģôһеȨ󶼸ˣ֪ôΪʲô
ЦҸĵ̸ҪΪϽƻ
ԪϽƻʲôϵ
ս͵Ͻƻ֮ԳٳδҪΪֲԭҵũҵҵȡӶƣһԪҾͻƻµĹأĲ֪ԪҵĹǣЩ˵Ԫҿ˵ܵǷ¥вȡӦԴʩ
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ЦǴ˿ǰǲʵҶȥũ˭ˮơֽīҵȷҪˣʵǲôҲҪȥ鷳ֻøṩһǳĽڡô˵ⷬƸڱУֻԭûдôˡ


993 ȨƸ
ԪǿԪ֡Ԫ׵ˣ漴յʼΪô̫çײˣô£ȶһ¡ΪհɵҸ㣬Щ˲ĩ㲻ʲôľѾЩ𡢹壬̶ûзŹ֪жٴŷ
һ㽫Ƕˣϣ;ϣ㶼ܵǳ谭ոյ࣬ǰ;ǰͲӦô˵⣬Щ޵֮ˣųЩĵũȥһֱǷǳǵģὫҲһ㣬Ϊһȴز飿
ԪһƵļ壬ϲȥĬĬԼˣٱԪҴδʢ˵ȥѵһֱǺͺģȥﳯȨ󣬼ûУҲԪһֱĲԣ˲ıӮԪҶܰͽϡ
ôƻԪҵ֮˼ԪҲԴ˸еǳĲΪӦøһ¡
Ԫĵóһɷһļ壬޷ӷԪҲкҪĵλѡĬ
յ˵ЩҶסΪһսǲɱġΪҵļֵǵļֵǾԳͻģҵļֵԪҵļֵͬġ
ֵۣԪü˻ִӺ˵𣿡
յЩ𡢴һЩʲôˣҪôǾøʢĴ壬Ҫôݣ߿ѫ֮󣬶ǵµļȵߣǵȻȡȨȻȨȥȡƸȨǵ֮ǵĸȨϡ
һַǳƽǶ˶ԣ׬Ǯһ仰Ǿ͵˫ַϣȨȥȡƸڿװǣһǿΪΪѾмȨǸ֮ͻȨȥգӶƸһκ£뵽ľȨȥѹƣҲΪʲôǻֵȥԭ
ҵĹǲһζȨʹƸƸȨҪһƽ㣬ڲƸռϷ磬ȫȨ˵㣬Ļһ˼ȥپˣαأƸǿͨŬͨǻȥõģȨĻڵµĹʼ壬䲻˹壬ҵĳѾվǵĶ档
һ㣬Щ𡢹֪֮ƵֶξǼ沢沢ټ沢ĻƸԶͣͲǰģΪҪƸڵأؾô࣬ģǶߣǾ˵㣬ҷ¥ηչʧȥģΪͷߣͬҲ˺ҵĺ棬ҲԸڱƨɺߣΪҪĲƸԪҲˣȻĻԪҲҪŬˡ
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Ԫգ˼ۣһԻ˸Źâɿ͵ĦǰĲ豭
ҲֻǿԪ
ðΣԪͻȻʵܱ֤ܹӮǣ
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յȣգ׼һ겻ȼũѾ˺ܳһεĻָڣũ±ܹõֵ࣬زܵõġ
ΣҸո´󹦻ָոռӷͬƷʱԼҲüɵ֡
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ԪͷȻͼƻõģ˵ȥɣ
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Ԫֹ̧漴գĵȥԪǰһ¡
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ԪֵһԪҲ׷׵ͷʵǴӿʼûдֺ֧գΪҲ˼ǵĸ棬Ԫһǳ˽ļ壬ԻԪҵȥǣܹкѾչ֮Ĺϵˡ
ԪݺյļƻǱȣҪվǱߣҵҲѾͬⳢԹӶơ
ߵԪ磬ڵĹؼϽƻǺô壬ҲУԸԸԸĵ𡢹ȨܵԪҲ⡣
ͦյԪҲЩԥȻͦúյģ˵Ҳ޵Ҫǲ֪մ˷չȥʲôũԪҶԣҲǳҪֻǳȥı䣬һУԻǲȡӶƣҲֻΪ˽ʡı򣬵ıˣʱܾͻزˡ
ΪһٶǼ򵥵ϵ£ǾмǿĽ׼ìܣũǹ壬涷̫ˡ
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Ԫ̾˿˵ĲĲƸֻǾˮ£ԭ纫ԣȨǰƸûκελԪҿǷ⣬ʵǹı»ʺһ仰δ˵Ǿ͵óҪڵĻǶʮҲøѽ
ҴӦյĿֻһϣгһգƸȨ֮һƽ㣬ǮԷӦеãʵǰ˵һ仰Ҽ£Ǯһ죬֮ȻֹӦԪӦȥ׷ģĻֻҪвأԪҽ̷ɻҲÿһζܶĶԣӵеĲƸʹǱѡ񡣡
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ʵ˭ףԪһǮԶԶ棬׬ǮΪһֱΣУʴǲ˭֤ǻػضӮˡ
̸װԪ̾
ԪԪҵĲƸⲻһֱ𡣡˵˶٣ֵ⣬Ǻıǰ棬Ԫֻں棬һкεķ紵ݶԪҿʱѵΪԪ뱱ǴĹϵ𣿡
ͷ໥һ̵˵ͷ


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ԪĵбĿһƳ˼ͻȻʵҿһڴձ󣬾֪ôҾ̫³çˣôĲһˣҴĽײ㣬ڴ֮ǰΪǿ϶Ӧģû뵽㾹Ȼܹô׵˵󲮡
Ц̫˽ˡ
Ԫĵ⻰ֻЦҲ֪Ҵ󲮣ѵһ˽ô
պǺǵ˵ʲô
ȻԪҡ

յںԪҶѣ׼еҵֻҪԪҰȻ۶գһ£ڴУֻԪңûʲô׼׼ģ׼ܹԪҴ棬Ǿ׼һԱͺñڣ˺Ļ󲮿϶Ľײȥ
󲮵˼룬ͱü򵥶ˡԪһֱʵòƸڣԪǹڵϣǮ˼ңҲƸϣǮͱԼ˵ָӰȫ
ԪĵüĥΣ˵ȻеҪеܴķա
ЦûգҲôôԭҪǽȫյԪҿԲں棬£ҰˣԪҲ˷ֺʤˣ·ͿԼȥԪô
Ԫĵ΢΢ۣ͸ԸΪԪҳ󣿡
տЦȻô죿֮⣬Ϊа취˵ƻеĹЩôûа׳Եͣ뵽õ٣Ҫ٣ͬƷҲģǰ׸ġ
ĿǰԪҵĲƸȣôҲֲԪȥ󰡣
Ԫĵһ̵ˣ
Цģûˡ߰ɡ


994 ĺ
ã⺫ոһţͼһӰӴøˣǵȿֶˡ
ŵһԪһԼϹæһֻǰιιιʲô
Ԫܼѣ㵸ø̫ˣһ˾ͻʴԹδѽ֪֪Ϊ˴еϸڣЩҼ֣ܶһЩ
ǴһŭСɵ˰ɣֺ¾Ȼңд
ԪƵﲻȥҹøǡǰù˵Ҫе£ұȥ㣬ֳƸ£ʱҪȥ㣬ġø͵кã˵˵ɡ
һתСһٹһʱΣ
Ԫĵ΢΢°ۣһԽԽҪˡ
ԪգգۣͻȻø㲻ǰɣ̸Ǯ
պߵڿö졣
ԪܲǽǮô
ûǮѽѾþʣˡ

Ԫ°ͣ˼Ƭ̣ʵøǳԺεʣ
䡪
ͻȻԪĵʾ㡪ûǮͱ̸
ԪһҪ̸ǮҲ߯ˣǺü˳һϣҲҪһٹǮҲʮǮϾԪҵˣɲɵñ
պܲˬʲôۣʲôۣôҰ
øڿҲˡ
Ԫǰֵǹϲø͵࣬⡪⡪Ҷ֪ô˵Ǻˡ
˵棬ͻȻ֪ˣΪδйô࣬Ŷ̫񰡣
ԪЦøһСȴ˲˺ա
յҵǵӣǣĽ
ԪԴûøզڷǣҪ벻ɵø𰡣
յһѡӻϵ
ȻȲϹø㣬ǮŮˣϵ
ԪƲ죬ִյԪĵԣЦùãڿˣôˣҲǰ޹ˣϲϲ
ͷһϲԪĵɼԪĵݺݵԪһۣԪܣԽԽˣŲȥ򡣡
вɵ̾ϢһһƬȻ
ԪͷùãҲǿЦ㡪㲻ᵱɡ
ͱ죡
Ŷ
Ԫ˵ʶĽַߣԹԵԼλϣԪܣϲֵĵطҪȥʺĵطġ
Ԫĵεҡҡͷįվڱϣôأ
һЦû¡Ԫǵ̸ȵΪֹˣǽкܶҪڱ˵Ӣ¼̸ɣɣһŻݣǴһٹᡣ
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Ǯ˰һԪĵ£ԪҲ׷¡
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ԪĵЩȥɣҪˡ
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˵תͷȥź襵ʱǲӦЩйĽӴ⵽ʱ˿ࡣ


վʷ̨ǰǸдѽʷ̨Ե޷֣һݲ¾ǼʷҲǰòŲʷһְģֻһУһؼʷ⣬Ҳûйʷְ
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Τ˼ǫ£ƬﱾһЩĿڷΪ߾ʱ´ĲսɳЩѸ棬ҳƣѸʮĶҹе磬һѸֵֻܷʮĶأʵҳƶȶԣǵɷΪӦһЩ㲻ڷҲӦù黹͢ǳҲ֪Ϊʲô⳯͢ĿڷΪαݷҵˡ
Щ׼պΤ˼ǫĴ󳼣Ͻ˻ȥûҧͷѳһ亹
ТѾ󺹣ֲ̿Ρ
ԣЦŵͷش޵ĽʿǶ²֮ޱӹеһЩظǵģȴû뵽еѾɴֻܴͣطظ޵Ľʿǣԭ

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˼ګȹѫ֮󣬶Ϸ̣룬ԼҪТȣײˣöڵ
帮ңԼûһȥա
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ɢ֮θһߣԹ޵Ŀ⿴ա
û˸ȥǺ޻ʵֻۣܽеԹϣСˣԴ֮ʿĵȼƶһ⵽ƻ˲ݡ
յͷüģȨûпȴڼ㣬ǵ
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һĨ֮ɫСǴ󰡣
帮ǵҲǣڳкԣ˸µʹҲûбѡ񡣡

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ⲻֻ֪ǱɽһǣԪһȦ˶ڹڵڻϵӱͬʱеģϵҪһЩ
Ȼ֮Ԫɳϼй忪ʼ˽أܵĽȫһ

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û뵽Ԫôûг⣬æȡ£ĸ磬㼱߸ʲôǺôҲ׼ңٿǿǡ
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ɶǺհԪƺõģǵũԪȥǽأǾͲô̧ˡ


1003 ʱ
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𺫵Ѿ˶壬ʵȨԼУϱʱֻһˡ
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˵֮ǮЦС磬㿴ǼһҲûжٻкãЩ軧ǰɡ
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յԪҺЩڹͽôôԭ򣬾ϣＯʡЩҲԲУزȡٽǮЩǣΪ̵Ͷʿ϶أǵͶʾҪǮҸȡ裬ʵ̲ˣͳ۸Ԫңʽ׼ӭӲ֮һ߳
ǮЩ̣дأʳͬʱҲѧϰԪҵĹӶƣũķգͬʱҲӵ˸ĻȨȻʵǲԸĻǿͶǮұ֤ǻ׬ǮġҪǶӦҲûа취
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ʵǿ϶׬Ǯģڣǵزֲ٣ԸģʽǵʽͲϵĹ̶棬ôҵоûɶʽˣһҶȥˣеǮ뵽زôվû̫Ǯȥҵҵ϶᲻ãһֻξ壬ǲġ
ôҪһ㣬̾׬Ǯҵ׬ҵǮҪǶأöǰգԶ


ԽǾĶǣҧԽǿģΪ֤ѡûдҲܿӦиڼҵȾƾͺȾƣ͸ȫù̫ࡣһ磬⣬˸оůġֿʹһֱߵʹӣһȽƫƧĵط㡣
ǵʱͻȻֺӱһͷ

ҧ𵱼һԹǲˬ˵徲һᶼУ
ƥֲģܲˣ˾Ͳ׼Ҳ̫ԵˣͷͷҲص˵
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ҧǳ޼ɵıӰֹһЩ໰Ȼӻ֣ǲӣҡڵ˹ȥնڹϣС
һ޼ͻȻƥ˵ǶûһˡĿʼںУûȥҧ
ҧҲûתͷϷɴδЩĳ㡣
޼бĿһƳڿ϶ԹҰɣ
ҧ´ͲԹˣֻЩĳԹԹǵġ
Ϸɲġ޼̾һɫʮε˵ʵϷǰûбĿģ˵һǸҺڲ
ҧĬΣ֪֮Ǹѽڲǻıнңڡƥ򣬲˵ĺˣǵıȨ棬ɲȵ۲ѽ
޼һЦźпǰũѣ¾ͽЩƽʱһѫǶ˭õǺεȵ֮Īڴѽ
ҧͻȻתͷ޼ɣƥǲǺأ
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أҧ
޼ɵһӣǶϷųģһֱΪҶǶǳ˽⣬ʵǣֻǿ͸Ǭ̩ȴûп͸£˵˭
ҧͷ˶ΪܹΣ㳤ƥĹͣⲻ֪ܹ棬Ǿġ
֮
޼ɺǺǵ
ҧ㻹û˵ûУ
޼ҡͷ̩ĻϷˣ̩С簮У̫˽ˣֻԼȴ±ˣȱһТ֮ģ˻ʵۣϷ˵䣬ûС֧̩ʵΪԼ룬Ϊĺ룬֪Ϸ򣬺Ǻǣ
ЦΪ⣬֮ȴһˣôĺȻһ١޼ɻһû˵ɲѡҪԸ⣬ȣ϶ǻڳʺмѡһӹɵģʱǬ̫ӵʱ򣬳ʺ󻹻ŵģ޼ɿ϶֧Ǭ涣ûѡôֻ̩Լһ󳼡
ȵʺȥǬֲǽ޼ȥ֧̩ĻôĵλԶ̩ԭȵЩ޼ҲǷǳһˣɲ֣ôʣµľֻΣǰڣҲû뵽ֵԼûи̩һ󳼣һֱǷǳ͵ģ˳޼ɲŻѡ֧Ρ
ʲô㡣ʼվͲܵģҲѡ㡣㡵ĸײ쾵۵ŮΪκ䡢ҧҪǶܳʺĶݣǵȻֳ֧ʺĶӣһգЩҪ˵㣬ʵҲֻǴӳ޼ɺͷ֮ѡһ޵Ļһа壬ѡ˭޹ء
Щĳһһþҧҡҡͷƥ򣬲˵㣬ѾԳҴƽɽҲ÷ˣǵȨȨִߡ
޼ɫһ䣬İΣʵ᲻̴ܳô


1004 ǽ
Ԫұ
ȻѾˣԪұĻأǵƻֻͨʱʱЦ
еʣʮ崦ʮأŰھܸ㶨ˡ
Ԫſڵͼϣ˷ܵĴЦ
ԪԪĵ¤ҵչķǳ˳Ψ̫ԭȽ鷳һ㡣̫ԭڵصһֱչԼؽףȲҪȡжȸ̸˵
ԪĵҪʲô
ԪܵǲҪʲôǲϲԪ̫ԭøأصİնǳǵġ
Ԫ쳵ùúβȥڿǳҵļ
̸ЩµġԪĵҡ̫ԭЩϵļ壬һֱԼĿҪֽȥ治̫ס
ԪܵǵֹӶƣǻڴһϣĻ޷ȡӯ
Ԫĵ˼Σ

ԪǶȵԪĵ
Ԫ쳵̫ԭ˿ڶ࣬ù˵
ԪĵͷֻΪ׬ǮҪȥҵĵ̣ʳֶһķ̫ľЩϼϣ缯оȥӦЩлĵطҴưͼһ̫ԭҲ㲻ʲôȥ̫ԭǱߵˣ̫ԭȫۣũǨ㵽ȥ̫ԭĹ԰ˡ֮⣬ӡꡢһЩڵĿеأֻ԰˿Ǩϡ
Ԫܵⲻ̫ðɣԪ⼸ĴأϣܹԪҵ鲼ô
ԪԥҪҪøһ¡
ԪܵøҲǵģôöһˡ
Ԫ쳿Ц˵Ԫܣѵ֪ѫǶ޲ýøƤǣøҪԪұǵļƻ衣
޳ɵģԪĵǰ֮ڸأΪֻͨôǺո˵ĹؼͨƷһģ·ͨڹʳһ̫ԭȥʱֻҪ̫ԭӵиĵˣǻĻ̫ԭֵģвһ֣˵ñ˵ȥɡ


պȥԪұʣ治ʱ̫ҳţϾʵ̫ˣѡڼҾա
⻰˵ʵڲǸոջؼңΪһһϵеıʣԼ޷侲ǶԸǶԸǸ⣬̣һڹôûйȥʣûлȥ£±Ƚ϶
Ȼ鵽һǳؼʱ򣬵ǺҲڿͣ죬һһĽֵĪƳܾ˵ͰԪѽڣȫǹעƱ˵ĶһǮǺ䶯һʱݶҲһٶΪĸˣֻǷ¥Щˣֻ滰磬;ݶȥ¥׳
ڼһ֮󣬵ڶһ磬վ׼ܵܡСҰһȦ
磬Ұ㶼Ǻˡܵϣͳһֽ߶ڳʱһ̿ԵľƷһʱҲʱһ̣ȻȥˮˮԶʱԪҵĹ԰ڱϣֵ֮ʣǿȥԵɶģ˳㽫зҲˡ
շŰ۵Сֻ֣дг̱Եĺò
СҰֵúǺЦ
ܾܵг̱ҲԷ
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㶣ôһ˵˰һ̫ԭңһ֣ңĽô㵱Σǹһֱ
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ЦҲǫЩˣʵʱǵĻҶˣֻǹ̫࣬ҵĻɹʣô򵥡˵ͻȻֻһƬȻӣô
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ʺʤܾ֮ˣڲ⣬ǵνؼﲻˣ;һǳĴǳܹ࣬ʵһǳˡ
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ȻǷǳҪõѣĴһֱƲģҲѲӰ졣
ĴһֱΪĺѪͳǹϵļ壬ǰ漸ڣԭһֱڸ彻սǴ䵱һĴʧأѡ¹϶ɣۻޣȫܵЩӰ졣Ҫ֪֣֮ҵǱʶȺˡ
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ЦҴ˾ȱ־񣬾ͳһ㣬ҾһǮɡ
գɾʧˣֿ֣ĵĺܣġ
֣йЦ֪ҲһΪ


1005 ˽
ѾӽβڣܶũǰΪȲȥ¥
˵ȵǵʱ¾ƷǰѾų˳Ķ飬ũ½ְȻǻʥľԼ³䡣
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⡣
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ո߹ԣЦС磬ƻԡĸɼãսܻø࣬Сս٣Ļγ໥ල໥Ӷž͵Ϊ
Цⶼ֣Ӹİɡ
ͷֵʵ͢Ҳôٺ»ӸǮ͸ЩŬµĹԱٺ»壬ºܶԱи
֣һ֮
̾ôף͢ǲһ͢а̫ิӵĹϵҲù˼飬˵Ļֻ棬Ǿͼ򵥶ˣ˭׬Ǯ׬ø࣬Ҿ͸˭ࡣ
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Сո磡
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ռϻԵ÷ǳֲ̿ףһİĻܻЩΪǰ;˲ȷԣЦλ׺ãչǱǹϵãã˺УܹϵǱԵ֣ǶӦϧһԵ֣ӭҷ¥
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һҡͷҲŲǱЩǣһҵԱҲȥǵĵũȣΪҪжһǷǮܼ򵥵ģͿµ˹ô鱦ǰҫʱҵԱѾ˼ȣŮǰҫʱҵԱȢӣǷǰɫïʱҵԱѾԼסլȵҵԱ˸ǾͲˡ

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Ȼԣ
ʵ˭ѧԺôˣҲûа취
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ⶫû˵ҲŸոְͿʼǵļ˿ʼˡ
ôһ˵Щϻ̿֡ˣȡ֮ǼڴԼġ
յĿĴﵽֽ֮ȨſˣϾôְǵʱҲǷǳȵģܵܡСҰҲԸȥæ
С磬Ϊʲô˵ܹ˵˵ĿȥܶԷ˭֣мǴһ˿ݵ˵
Цܼ򵥣ΪҵˣҲˣǹԱ˽ָˣ֪Ҫʲôʵǫ˵ΪǧǧҪָʿһŷǳѧʣҪȥĦÿɫЩӰӰǧǲ֮ɫϾԱNGͷǧǲNGģһ¶ݣûСټϺѧѧܹ׼ȷ֪ԷҪʲô
Щ˸е֣֣ⲻ츳һӶѧⱾˡ
֣еͷǹʹЩͬ˼άǹ̶ˣǻһֹӽȥˣǰˣǶҲһִƣʩᣬһƽȵĹϵԶ˵˼롣
ֳźյС磬㽫ѧԺǱԤıѽ
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յǹ岻ʲô洫طýģŲ⴫±˵šΪ˱ԼƣþֶȥѹƱˣĶ¶Ҹǲͬ׷ǿҲй¶ȥˣҲģΪһ취õľƣһ᲻ϵԼԼԭزһ취ں壬˳ԼʵźԱ𡣡
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ЦЦֻԱ˲Żô˵ǧܵ棡մ˸һԽԽҪˡ


1006 
Ҫ˵Ҫȫ¢ϼʵҲû뷨ΪǺģҪչڳԽܹ÷ǳƣǽڽϿͱ޳Īˣ˵Ƶķȫй¶˶þͻᱻֻ֪ܱ֤Ƶطй¶ȥҶƣҲһȵùҡ
ЩǷǳĽСģɲչҲԸطй¶ȥطڲã۵ģһ´ңܶطͻʧ
֣Ʒʱ򣬲̸ܵӵеĲƸǶô𾪡
˵һʵһ͹󳧷һٸ¯ÿ֮䶼˹ͨרͨϻʳãȻˮ߹һ̷ֳN裬ҲǺձܵĹؼڣؼ̶Ǻյƿصġ
һУ֣о룬һʼЩСƷҪգ͸֮һ¢Ͼҵȫ
СƷɱߣ٣һʦͽܣͳһˣǳֺã֮
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С磬㽫ѫ󶼸ˣʱǿ²ľơתһȦͻȻ˵
ЦĹϵԭƽȵģɵΪΨһͲˡ
֣ЦҲΪʲôڵôˣıȴԽԽá
ЩѫҲûеƹֽīձƼȣ֮Ψһģ˶ã㻹򣬺αԼˡ
͵͵պǺһЦߣȥϵѧԺɡ
ԭȥˮǱ߿ģǿƷôæµͲȥˡΪĿǰΪֹֻгϵѧԺϿΣѧԺûпţϾҪˣȥǱ߿ûʲôҪƵģҲýһ£ѧԺδž͸һ¥Ҫͷʼ
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տЦǽǮѧģҷǵѧԺǮɡ
һ˵һŵǰ濴ȥȻ֣ԣҾͼˣԭһ̿飬ˣһֻһʦڽ̨ϣۣһֳͷһһ飬ĶЩС۶쳣档
տȥˣֱ̣Ŀαֱ˽ȥ֣СɵˣʲôЩСͻȻ룬ʱŵˣûʶˡ
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СǷ׷׵ͷ
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ЩСһӾˣʼ뺫չеĻȫԵˡ
ʶ֮󣬺ʵѧƪ𣿡
ʦѾ̹ˡ
Ǵѧʲô
Ҫ˵ѣ
˵ǲԵġ
Ҫʵ

Ц˵öܶԣǻ
ʦôǵġ
ҲʦҲ͸
ʦöˣʵˣܸҼôô򵥵һƪģҪô⡣
Ρ֣С¶֮ɫΪҲ˼
յҪ˵ѣҪʵⶼǶԵġƪĽβʲôСкǸˣһʧȥˣʱЩũʱȥˣôСᱻ𣿡
СǶҡҡͷ
Ϊʲôȥأ
ΪСƭΣΪƭġ
˵ĺܶԣյǾӦ룬ЩũǼʱȥˣĺҲٱƭһΣûȥĻôĺСǸˡΪЩũӦӦȥأ
Եͷԭˡ
ЩС˼һЩС˵ͷ
ũǻӦȥġ
ţҪȥˣСͲᱻˡ
˵ĺܶԣ
յǣģǲҪǸСһԼȥƭˡ˵仰ʱĪĸе飬һƬģһַּ̣˵Ȼñ˵͸ӲˣǶ¡ͬʱʱ򣬲κˣҪضԴЩũǰν̻СͲˣֻǵʱȥˣٲҲǶ˼·ũȴܹһСȡ塣
ⷽ棬ǴķǳãǵľɷǳǴȫһ̹ʮôһУһǳֵý֣ǳԺͻ׵ģǶôܿɹ󡣡
ЩСۣ÷ǳͶ룬Ҳǻ⣬ǺյĻǸеǳԺ˷ܵС
ֻ֣ޱȵĺգô򵥵һƪģȻҲȥˣ˵ôãǱ°
ûΪΡĵһһÿΣǼֵ¿ΣʵҲ˵Ǽ֣öǽζ
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⵹úЩȣѵﾭ
ܿˣԭǶǳųȥģΪÿһһЩζĸ㣬һǶĵҪ
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ȥ£βͷġ׼ȴֹ˵Щ˰ɡ
յͷֺ£ʺôˣ
ЦʺȥǱ棬׼ع˳߿
һطǻʼ԰ġ
˵ţֺźա֣еô
֣ʵرµĻҺʹǸơ
εͷյôˣ
Ϊ
ǻֲ̿ѵʦ
ոմ߽ʵôأ
ػʺĻһ̫ˣ԰գճ˵Ҽǵ֡
ʦѾɵȥˣ㶲Ǻĵ֣ø첲ͱһ£ŷӦŻŵǣС֣ʹǺüԡ
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յ֪ʲô㿴ҵĿαӦýԲԣ
ԡԣСˡûûô롣֧֧ᣬʵ˼ΪöʥһֽС£ǺԴ˺ǲм
Ρ֣е˻ȻʵҲ˼롣
ôģҲûйϵֱ˵ÿ˶ÿ˵뷨
ջһתҪ˵ǣҲôģҵǮȴûоȥĲԡгһգ볯Ϊˣ²㵱࣬ûԸǸһ¡
ﵭȻ㲻ɣǾͲҪɡ
ͨһڵϣʺˡʺˡʺٸСһλɡ
԰֮أϿǼҾƶָߣԲˣ֣пŰѧԺġ
֣жݵʺٸһλᡣ
֣еӡǲϾ֣гչѧԺյգ˵ôɣ
յʺʵҲң̫ˣΪǻϧ֮׵Ĺ˸̫ɡҽٸһλᣬҲѧԺƶȣǾˡҪߣͲ˵ôˡ
ͷȥɣ
С˸ˣС˸ˣ
ֻһ㣬ĵ˳ȥ
ҡҡͷĬС£ʲô
һͻȻյζž
£رµĻ̫򵥲ˣȡˣѡʤ̭ķ֮ܶҡǮͱŬ÷ڵ£쾭ģĻҾͽߣʦôãҾͲûɡȵѧԺʼ֮һǿᣬʱǾͲôˣǮûһǮǶġ
գпҪҲǱˣ
˻һա֣Сɫһ䡣


1007 ѧ
Ȼܶ˼ҪָľǲüԱ̸֮ɫ䡣
ͻȻ׳ôһ仰ʵ̫ˡ
ƺҲԼʧˣһյգ˵αǸʦʵ顣ϻػʺ˼ȥ޵Ļӿ޵ĻǶǰ֣ڶϲ飬ϵĹ£Ȥܽ˵ĵǰ޵Ļǿʱһ仰Ҫ⣬ǶȤǿ飬Ȼͬһ޵Ļ÷ǳ죬ǵʦ̸ʥԵʱŪǵʦҲȥ顣
ҲЦŵͷ
ЦʵѡһСģϣСֵܹĶ飬ΪСȳˣǻ׶鵽ʲôãϲϲϲǲϲȵϲ飬ɶϰߣΪѧϰµѧʴ¼ʵĻ
ƵƵͷ˵úãӦˡ
ЦƪˣЩʦûһ͸ҲΪ¾ǽ˳ʵ˵һ⣬ʮֶû뵽ôһƪ򵥵Ĺ£Ȼ̺ôµĵͨ׶ԣ
˵˶٣ֵֻǷһ仰˵ðɣ
æʺûҲǰ˵ģΪΪÿ˴С͵Ƕڹҵϲֻϲ޷ᣬֻϲǳ֮Ų˺ҵҲŻϧҵһһľѧϰ֪ʶǵİ黳
֣Сö̲סޡ
š˵Ƿǳм⣬ֻϲŲ˺ããðͷ÷ǳеͻȻðһ󵨵뷨ҪȥҵĻǶ顣
֣Сһ̫̫Ľడ
ң
ָԼȵ
Ц޿ɲǵһؿϿˣѵӪʱҾͼʶˡ޷Ͽͦһ׵ģҲСǳˣǶǳͶ룬ѧϰķΧǳá
Цɣôæʱ䰡æ̫ˣԼûж顪
δĻҲһŶۣûж飬ȴҲͣΪҪ󳼡
Ц£˲ţżȥϿΣҿУҪһһ۵ȥ̣¾Ͳˡ
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գαҪˣɵøϽµģǱߵѧԺѾˡ
ЩҲͦģΪͽˡ
Цô죬ЩСɶʶ֣ҲǵĸĸܱҲʶ֣ⶼʦһһȥ̣Ҳпܽûһˡ
֣еͷʺ֮Щӵܣгʶ֮ˣʦûѧģԻؼĸֵܡ̣ƶĸֲʶһⶼʦ̣ôѧʦҲһȥ̣ʱҲ޿ɱġ
ȴһͻӻĿ֧
Цѽϴ˵Ϣ˼˵ǽѧȴǮѧԺΪռΪǮ
ҪǮչ˲ˣ̸ȫռûǮ̸ƨĽﰵԲȴ˵ǣ˳ûȥΣ뵽ǮҲģҲһǴƣΪ˶ԣҲ˷ÿһǮܹһ֮ڽ̻ݣô͵ڽʡһĿ֧
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κܺǷ뵽취ˡ
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˽һ㶡

ոϽһֽһ֧ǽźעơֱͬע硰עʽЧʣȱҲǷǳԡ
ƴĻȻҪЧʶˣֻҪѧƴȻƴĵУôѧͿԼˣҪÿֶȥӲֶʦ
ѧһ
ǽŽţվЩѾΪ˿ɲ˵ͨǷŵԣǾǷģһЩ׼ȷһЩƴ׼ȷֻһЩһǽƴԭˣŪͷ󺹣һһǧǵöٴ
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ͷͨɣ֮߳̾Ϊֹգ
ȴûա
κǺǵʺͲ֪ˣС뾭ѵ죬³Ϊͬ
ԼǣʵֻҪ̳ƹȥ
ƶںնԣǲֵһᰡιЦ
ЦҲһǴпȡ֮
æʺ˵ǣ٣ҲΪˣ˸棬ֵأֻԽԽأֵأҲ׷أͬʱ˼޵ֳʳ취ʡֵص
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ᱻŪסˣɫƴɵ취Ūã
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ա֣ǰ
ۣɫصķ粨Ѿˡ
֣еͷ
ӣ˵ʲôɱŶ˵ȴ룬Ǿ仰Ÿոտʼ˼գŵҹ¡


1008 Ū
ߺ󲻾ãҲ뿪ˣΪջȥһѵӪʵ̫æˡ
û߶ãּһ͹ʩ
Ǻ޺ֳĿ
֣СһȦ뺫վ˶Ǯȥ񳤰⣬˴ǺյḶ́ٶͶȥ
ȻˣǺȻȥֳΪӵḶ́Ϊ˽һЩǳĳأǸǸô򵥡
תһС磬֪㽨ֳĿʲô
Ȼ׬Ǯ
շǳ̹Ȼ˵
֣еҪ˵Ϊ׬ǮҵЩףֳ¥òһôǹֵģ׬Ǯôһأô๤ˣ罫Ǯȥơˮ
Ц֣ӣҷ¥ĻȷһֱڿǮδ׬ǮûıֵǮֵǮɶΪ¥Ļ簡
֣΢΢üƺʲô
ֵò˶ãƬؽüֵơ
ԭˣ
΢ЦŵͷԸп˵Ҳ֣뵱쾵ҲǴľֵȫԹڣҲǴľȴõһƬ֮˷ѽ⡣
պǺǵ͸ˣ쾵۴ľǲǮģҴбʣҪǮģ˸ɶٻҾ͵øǮҪ벻ˣʱ뿪ҺþۺɢҪ쾵ôҲԹڡ
֣Ц˵쾵۰ܾͰ̫Сˡ
չҲ˵Ҫ󷽡
ﶺһ˱ȥ
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ѵӪѾҪʱ֣ѵӪȴ쳣֣˷ֻصʿ׷׽ĿͶٳ
վĿȥֻСڽзԽϰվڲٳм쳣Ͷ롣
ԭΪһ¾͹ȥ꣬ѵӪѧԱǣ϶и˻еǳģȻǶˡ
찡
ֻɺƽŵľſڵˣƨɣţǲš
ξ޼һĻȭͷ
ಣ
ܵǰѧԱǰһδкġɺһţֱ顣ξ޼Ǽغ䲻У䲻С
ڶˡ
ӮˣӮǣ
ɺֱӴӵϵ߾˫ֳԼСԱһԾȺ
ЩԱҲɺС
ξ޼ǶڵϣһĴԼԴҾȻСɣôܣ
һ˺죡
תĿһֻվڲٳϡ
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飡
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죬ˣ
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һĿɨȥֻƺ͸ߴ͵ξ޼ţҪӿ࣬ﶬֻ֮һ£һļⶼ콫·ˣ¬ɺơϹЩڳɳеѧԱҲ˲٣ǷƤҲˡ
죬ȥ´󹦻ܺãûжѵӪ
ֵξ޼ţܲһִںյļϣұҲͲ㶪ˣϾͻʼ˾ͱˣתٻһ£ɴ˿ɼҪȥĻҲܹǼͻʴİ۹
һƿһȥһĺζԽԽҪˡ
ǰֵŸѾӷͬƷǰδУϲϲ
дҲԿξ޼䣬Ǻմ̷ģģǺձΪࡣ
һѧԱҲ׷յϲ
ҲˣǵʦҲմѽ
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һ˺ȻյǰٺЦ
һĵʶľΪɺƣɶһŵۣʲôʱôˡ
㶣⻰Ӻ˵𰡣
ҴӺ˵𣿡СӲʹʲôɣҪûмǴĻһֱĻ¡
գգۣٺٵǰˣǰ㻹䲻ҽ㣬һֱΪҽķǴӢۣҪ࣬û뵽ôˡ
ղ˼ԭô
˵ˣֻϣҽһķкβɣ
ٷߵҲǲҪʲô˭˲֪㲻࣬ҲǴ´࣡
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죬죡
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ɺƵأ㲻ôݵʱ㲻һֱҶƽôֵҵָ㣬ѧҵıűôȻĻũҳѧı
һһûб䣬ôǿɹƭҲҵıôǿЦá
ξ޼źߵСɣʹɣҲûиүүҲûôĹ͡
ɺƺߵʤϡô˵бĿգ죬㲻ôɣ
ôһ֪ҽĸүү˭ô۴ƾҽ㽫ıڸҽˣҽܴͻʣ˵ͻ˵Ŀǡ
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㲻ſȥ£Ҳҽѧòٱ

СӣҲ֪ðıߣĵĳŴǻӻ֣һȺĬĬ뿪ˣࡣ
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ξ޼ŵûߣѵɶϵֲΪѵӪģҲ㡣
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ͻȻ죬ΪǶѾ׼ˣʤλʼҾ졣
ѧԱͷ
Цû׼֣ҲˣΪѾ¸¾;бҵԡ
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Ҳ¶ϲ֮ɫ
յȽȥ﹫ǴкϿεʱںúġ
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ңңСǡ
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ѽѽµŮƯʲô̶ȰУҵŬϽȻȥŮõĻɲܷŹתԽԽ˷ܡ
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մ㵵Ľң
ӵͷҲ֪֪֪һֱǶ¼ҵٹ⣬ֻʮʱ򣬾Ϊ¼Ҿʣһжˣڹмߵܶ嶼ܹǶ¼ҵĶݣ˲ǵ£Ǿд󽫣ϴȥʵһҲ¬ܹȥһȷ潫ϧ¬ûдӦҴɨƽķĻҲԽãˡ
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̾ô˵ûǶ¼˽ֵĲǳʲôͳɵŮΪΪܡ峯ƳĻʺΪݣҲԹδеģԶԣ¼ҵӵû̫ĽǶսҲƽӹ棬Ҳټʶ¼һ󣬽˼Ƕ¼ңеϣս
ԭˣյͷսģѼϼܣޱȿܹսɳȴκϣֻ˵Ū˰


1009 ͼ
ڵȥЩѧԱģ⵱ȻǴ˴ͻʣսòṇ̀սףһ۵ķǳңһȻ޳ͨս⣬ξ޼һɵȻƳսղûվӣȥǸǰһ
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ڿû˹עѵӪڳаӿΣ
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罭ͻȻʵɵĿǹпǸԿĿЩƣ֪ɵļǺδģ
帮һ㶣Ƿǳеģһ㶼ųЩãȴЦʿ
罭ϣԿûжԶѽҲɲҲǳԿϡ
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1010 ׳н
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1011 
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ʵǰڣ̰ٷǳ٣ۺڣЩʵһضܣ˵ǬЩ˿ɶ壬Ҫ˵ǵÿһضװ׵ģҲǲܵġ
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ۿΤ˼ǫĵѾٽЩ󳼼ǲ跹˼ûξô죬ǸյۣȻƹǣɾʱͻȻ뵽һˣ˾Ѿڼҵĳ޼ɡ
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˵ʹסˣ֮⣬ˣ㳤޼ʵʵڼʵҲù˼ôͼΣչ֣Ψһİ취ɱ

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1012 Ե
Ѿˣ˶δ˯ڵҹĿǰľƶԣ̫ˣ໥߶š
˾ո
磡ԽԽˣҲȫ֮߰
Щǵĳ޵
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βգһǷ˰ɣβȥС

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ңǻڻĽԼ볯У˵ļҰɣһҵʮϵˣڳΪ٣ҲжʮˣܹǵĸһһΪٺòˣֻԼҵ棬ϵĹЩֱĴ󳼣ȥֻҴƻ޲žҪ峯ãø汾µʿܹ볯Ϊ١
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ޣûҳ޼ɣЩɵ޼ɣȽ·źã·ޣΨܹ޼ɿ⣬ڡ帮ʹ죬Ҫ޼ɻƴĻá
޳Ĭ˿Υġ֮⣬޼ҪɽѰ·
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˵εģ볤޼ҲǵжԵģҪ峯ã֪޼ɸ˳֪޶峯һ޳ɵģǷԵģҪһ㣬޾ò̫ãǸ᳤޼ˡ
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ҪôǲУôѡι֣¿ԿƾΪȻӵҪ볯Ϊ٣ɱԿˣвŸߣȻȡֿ֮ģߣҲýķڷ


1013 ˧
⽪ϵ
޼˵÷ǳԣʵѰ£Ϊⲻ˵ˣûоˣ԰ô£Ϊʲôⷽûи޼ɳ⣬Ϊ֪첻¡
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ʼĴ㣬ǽһӸˣĿľǽҵĹϵˣǳ޼ɵһмУͬԴﵽεĿģܹٵ˵ķ
ܿɹľǳ֪֪֮Լ棬Զľ˾ˣҲû˱ȵϳ޼ɡʹ̣˴ţλȥˣҳ޼ԣҲеǣ޼Ҫףǿ϶һλĻλס߲㣬еͲ㣬ô޼ɽ¾Ͳôˡ
ηǳмл˾˴ͽ̣éٿ
½һ˾ˣ˾Ե߾ȫ޼ֻһЦֵһ£൹¶׼
΢΢һ㶣˾˵
޼ɵ½һλᣬҲɵȥ
һԭΪ޼ҪҪرȴû뵽޼ɻôһҪ󣬵˾Ϊ˵
޼̾˿ʵںΪһ£ҲǺ֪ģΪ襷´£֮꣬Ϊ¾Ʋس
ԽԽͿˣ޼ĹϵʦֵܣӦΪǡΪΣ
޼̾ΪϵĹʧΪǶԱµĴ󲻾ٻǱָδ֮ҪԭְڱضˮݣӶγɵ֮ڽɽ𢲻Ҳ谭ͼΣǹְСˣϾǸ󳼣ôҲ׵
襽ֻǵжδǱµѴԼҵĵʧΪУһ֮˽ɽ𢣬Ӧϳ͡ô»֮ûϰɡ
˵⻰ʱ޼ɵ΢ĲΪμңΪﵽĿģûʲôǲģԼ£Ѿ׷ˣس¤ӼΣȣһضʸ֮ģҲˬϾε棬˵ףȫûнηҲ޵Ҫټ޺գûа취е⡣
ΪҪǣѾΪ࣬ұֳһ˵Ĳǣ޼ɲҪһ죬ʤΣȨҪǻĻٺһҲ޼βΪȡһꡣ
ں襣޼޷Ǿ̽ε뷨Ҫ襣βڣλ襣ڽ襱̫Զû¶ģôο϶ῴӣĹһΡ⣬ҪãǺ̫ˣŭΣҲãһֱûá
Ϊ޼ѡ˺գľͱһһ¤ŽĽ׶ΣҪϸ㡣
ķǳжһ̣þ˾˻ҵģʵ޼˵ľ룬ûдٻΪĻǾ̫ˣҺաڡ帮ҲӦô襡ãεûһĴ㣬Ϊ襡Ѿʧȥ˴ȨһְԱ
帮ס˻ʡȡ˻Ȩº襡Ҳ̫вؼڳ޼ɣ룬˾˶ôͦңҲܰˣ̾Ǿ˾޵ĿģĶ޵չˣֻ¸ˣûи޺·ںôҲ֪Ϊ˱ҪҲ̫ˡ
˻һ޼ﲻЩпǺղģһжûƫҪ֪ܳһʱڶһߣȴΪӣǸˡ
ҲȨӡ

ʱں󹬿ȴŽһξѵĻᣬҪϧһдҲҪ޼Ϊ׵Ĺ¤ų׸һݡ
һʱ֮ڻصˣＱȥν磬ָ裬һ˫ĵķĿ˸ڴ
κһڲ裬ЦҴ棬˾˻ް
⻰ﶼ˰أδ¶ʵ´˻
ξͽͳ޼ɵһЩԻ֪
ǳƣԶԶҪԤƣ襶Ϊ¶һ٣пܸϻ磬⻹ôƺѾ¶ģҲεĵǣʱһζθɵ޼ɣֻεķУЦҪòˡ
ȴڿް


һϣǵǵƻͨ˼ҪҪ֮⣬۵ĴҲУʵĲѾõòˣûлΪ֪ԼѸߣûжӻˣϣиֵĻᡣ
Τ˼ǫҲټϴеȷ˺ܶ⣬ôеĸ٣ҲͶұ⣬Ҫǹһ£ҲУҲ
εҲû⣬ϾܴæҲʶ
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Τ˼ǫһ಻ɳӵˣʵأһһ۵飬¹˭ôô顣
ʵ⻹õģҲŸոտʼ沢أĳǳǶڴ͢ע⣬ƶȵ©ȥأҲ̫ڰ֣Уٷһٱ
ɫд͢ǲǾ̰ǳ͢أǰյأŹΪд󳼣򣬷˳͢ȣֹԱηڣǿɶ
Τ˼ǫóһ΢дһ³̣´ЩԱ
ڡ帮Źâ
ŵʤ֮ο˿ͷܺãô̵ڣͲһУοǣֻиЧǡ
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εͷ¶ɫ֪֮λԴк
帮վ֧ڵĽ顣
ǸոλûɶϵЩռ˹ְýЩ˸ŪߣǲԼȻڿɲΪĿģǳų޼ȥģϣν½
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һͻȻվ˳£΢Ϊⲻα겻α֮


1014 ˮˮ
һǴУһЩƷԱ飬һСӲʲô죬վѾƸˡһĺջԼƽƽΤ˼ǫվ󣬲ҲȻԭǰģСӰܻǵķʲô˶˵
ѽƨ£ռ˶ˡ
Τ˼ǫҲֻ¶¶ģǱȻĻӦÿڡ
Ǵһƣ˶ˣǾ͸βλǽʱ򣬴ҾһˣζԴûиеκβ죬ǳȤʷԴкμ⣿
е£΢ҲУ΢飬ЩռصĴ󳼣ǿȨȥȰսأǶƶϵȱݣȡЩصģƶȺɷϣǲƶȺɷԳ׶ž
εͷ˵ĺеǲ֪кν飿
еΪЩ𡢵ڳд󳼿޼ɵļ沢أһǳҪԭ򣬾Ǿƣƹ涨ÿ˶ǽͬ˰ռһĶǰǧĶ˰նһڰ̫ƽˣؼ沢ֻҪ͢ĹԼɶЩض沢أΪ»ķҲʲôǽ˰ͬ࣬⻹ᵼЩ޵ؿ֣ͬʱȴŴĻĵأڳָ˰
üͷɫ
ȴһ˵÷ǳãȷһǳص⣬沢أʧȥȴҪ˰գӵзǳأȴûصİս˰һ̫࣬ƽˡǳ͢Ӧθأ
е΢ĸ˰ƣٰ˿˰ǰ˰һĶն˰գ˻˰ǵӲˣ¿˿أһжأҲ٣ÿֻ谴Ķ˰ձС
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ͻȻۺգһֱͷģ漴֮¹Ƿˡ
帮գ˿С֪ȤǺǵʵ˵ҲЩЩطȷ̫ƽҳһֱ污°նӹ⣬˰ֻðոеֻš˵ԾƳۺգ΢΢һ˿ţζġ
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帮ҲЦֶûмǹ巴԰ɣдǴȻﲻˬͻȻվɮҲÿ档
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֪Сڴ⡣޵һۣͻȻСϷ˵˵δܰʷǺ³İɡ
Ŷ
һһ٣һȥһ߽κưʷǺ³Ĺ̸֪ޡ
Цŵͷ
ǫⲻǽңڴ̷棬˾յĽֺ׶Ȳˡ
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ߣԡҵðȥлǡû£û£ᣬᡣ


1015 Ե
ڡ帮ﻹǷǳʧģǶԣǷǳѵõĻᣬƺûͷҲûн˽ڵڶվȥǵ֪Ľޱƣﶼ޷ıεľ͸ˡ
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Щݵ֪ǴһܹǮ֣ѾԶԶǵԤƣϾǰֵǷзܶϢҪ峯õϢӹдҪȫȻĻҲȥ볤޼ɳɽ
ǻнٶԱûôȫһ˲˴һԪˬԪ죬øΩˣֵԭһֱھΪ٣Ҳ˵ա
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֪ģͲеˣΪ۸ϺϳңֶϺĲƲһֱŵģֻæŶԸ޼ɣûпչǣؿҵˡԭζ㴦ֵܣ׹һ棬ϣһҪδǡ
¹ԭʲôһιķڷʺ׸綼ˣƾʲô˵ʵ켺
گִУ֮ڣ͵ȫ뿪лĿռ䣬Ͻʰˡ
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һʱ䳤ǰҰ
ЩԹ˲Ͼﻹҳͷ
ЩڳĹԱ룬Щ˶ǰڳ󣬽ǾǷһǮ˼ȴǰ;ˣƨһЩ˻죬ûʲô³УɹԱݵĸңͷҪʵۻ죬ȽϿס
޼ɼı֮ߣﶼòҲ޼ɡ
εȻߡ
˵һǴҪ󳼣ôһؾмԱɹٳӵĹϵ
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һ£Ҷ֪ʵ治ֽϻûò



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С˲ᵱܡ
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΢΢Щðµʲô֪ʺΪʲô
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һռоԵƣû˸ҶһѣΪһңض׵壬ҴƵģ¾ڳ΢һ£ƶҡҡ׹ֻҪ̫ξ⻺;ƣô¡˾նѡȣΪʵ̫Ҫˡ
Ů̫ˣհֹһ䣬Ҳ˵̫ξռԵƵ̫ξñŵʱ
Եƣ˵úãԵʼ̫ξûа취΢΢ۣΪʲô쾵ɴڽҲԸڹУǾʦĻ̫ξȻ롣


1016 
ʲô
յһ亹
ʵ˼ĥϣܹǨ
ԹԵΣҪ
ǻ˵ķǳȷΡžԵȨȴܼɵ޼ɣȷе˵Ǽɵ¤ţΪǳУǾУвٹй棬ʿҲǹеӣ̩κ¤һֱ̾Уӽĵͨǳ࣬ũҲΪʲôܶսԼҶ˵ùߣ¡ԨҲ¹еŵµģһջ
޼ɴľǹ¤ţһֵĻĺеĹн죬ԼеӣгйѫҲ׼Щ˻һ̣῿Ǳߡ
ùߵ£ôһң±ҡ
ѾǻʵۣȨǼȵߣһж򲻵ѵĵزûбҪðա
쾵½ϾͲϻˣҲڽϣǽжôڵĽϻȲϹеΪ쾵۲ܵ¤ŵǣƣȥǹ¤Ըȥɣ¤Ŷ峯Ŀƣֻϧ쾵۰һ裬ĽʿҲǹеӣ㲻عУؼңĻļҲǵ͵Ĺй
Ҳǹ¤Ʒ峯Һʵǹ¤ŵҪԱһݹϵɻĴүˡԨȡѵԲ뿪УһζķйбλߣԹйΪףѹɽţйҲѡ˹¤ŵ䳤޼ɡ
ﲻŵˣǺټģһزĵУʹ˼ʹΪʲôôõĻᣬ޶ôɵ˼ȥһԭ򣬳ǹ¤̾е
ֻҪйбλߣô޼ǹ¼ҹһҲ׶
ôΨһİ취֮Ǩ
κʱǨɶһС£ճԾģ⻰ȻǳһŮ֮ڡ
ɼܹΪйʷΨһһŮʵۣżȻױȵԼӳԶսĿ⡣
մӸҵ»ѾĿ׼˻ʺλӣѰŮӣ϶ܹȹһӾͰӷˣ㡣
Ȼһİ취Ϊʲôȥأ
ʺ⡪ɲǿЦġȻŮԶǺջ鲻Խѹ
ûб⳹׵İ취ˡ̫ξһֱֻʾãδйκαʾɼʼղͬңһᣬһԸҵģǲԴС
޼ˮݣܻͣΪͷ]мǸϳңʺˣ޼ʾõĻǹ¤ڲԱ϶ӦġһͦΣеŮˣ֪Բǳ޼һˣ¤ţڹУôȥ¤ŽҪ뿪ҲܹƽĶԾ
ɺղѽҪֹ¤ţôԸһЩǵĻ帮Լɽž͸ƣΪ֮Ļԭջ۶γɵģ˭ˣͿԸıļֵ쾵Զ߽ϣӶԭʧء
ȡ쾵۵ĽѵϣܹһǱĬķʽҴƵĴӹеתƳҴʩеƶȣͲڹΧڣܹҵתƵȥĻôܹй⣬볤ܽû볤ôԶڶƿسľơ
ü˼Ƭ̣⵹ǿԣǱԸ𣿡
תƵڱҲкôһ£˭˶õй˴̸ڵʹѾȨգǳ⣬ҴƵģɽӽĻԸõƽ²ȫȨҪٿκɫ
ǰǴɽʿ壬ֲй壬ǴҪУֲɽţй塣ڵϣԭģɽҲȽϽͿصĵԵΣй塣
ֵҲȻռҪ󳼵λӣƷԱ̫ξڰѳţ顢顢̲飬ɶ̫ξˡֻȱܿǣǲиĻᡣ
ˣĳϹϵ̫ˣϣңҲתƵȥĻôͿԱܿӵĹٳֿңؾǡʵԹȨ߶ϣ첻ڳκڶĻôڽڡ帮ˣҪ󳼣ʲôﶼԲˣ˵ˣǰǰתƶＯǰһ֪ΪʺЩʲô
һǳеļƻҪȥˣǲ֪Ҫķ粨ȫгߺգǿ϶ҪհæȻĻκ˵ġ
ƾЩ˵£Ҳ˵䣬Լ°ա˶شתƣȳ˿ڸ࣬ũӷôȻȻľͻתơ
۵ʺҵȥʹøӷ

ЦŵͷԹ֮ѡ񳤰ΪȺɽ֮УѹλüѣͲҪ̫ľפءͨӱ½·ˮ·ӷԶƽԭشת򶫶ضǸɽ
յȱտأҪӴľפأҴƺɨķķΨһǱвߵެ˵û⻼øΪҪĻ޷Ǿǰյ⣬һƲԣȴ͹ԳҵתƣʵҲǴ
˾ǨԵΪΪÿ˶ǸһڷߣҼţֻҪȳάֵµĶƣԿԳΪġҪİҲһƸũҷǳġ
Բ
Цһũ뿪أôͱߣڳǾڳǾ͵ȥ˵㡣ϣȥͽıжѧԺȡȥ⣬ԭģûʲôطʺͨˣ뷨Ҳǲı𣿡
յͷ֪ôˡ
ȴŭһ䣬˹ˣ
ǰһΪٿȫֶմմϲǸƻԣС׼ףƻһɹֱӽҶϴƣΪͻһ㣬һתôбλ߾ˣڹ¤ĴɽǴ˺ӵıؾ֮·뽭ϡһ飬ôڵԵϣҶƽȵģȨ߾ͲҪһҶ󣬿øﵽƽ⡣
ɴ˿ɼﲢûźУѾΪζ·ˡ
һ˲䣬ҲܵŮ˾䡣


1017 
νһߣħһɡ
ø׳н¤Ŷȹѵһء
ͬҲҪø׳нװѹ¤ŵǣơ
һ￪ʼжµһֲ̾ͻĻҲ¹Ƶδ
úղòı䣬ΪԭҲ㽫һ֮ԭƻֻǿĵƣչãûмдĿģôһЩΪѣȫ־ôھԼĸΪ¤Ÿ˺ܶ࣬ƻĻҲƻԼļƻ
ƻһһϦ£ջʱ˼
ҺĿǰҲûйȥЩú£ֲɷĹʧ
ʵ˵ҲţЩԱʰˣһҪڽͷβˣ֪ᷢʲôֲ¼
δգһֱ¹ֻԧ첻ɵķСֺСҰҲʱʱһٷԣϲС֣С˼룬˵ΪСĵش棬˼벻ıϣż˵̺ĻŪ񶼳˼
һհѾ
һСţһСר˽ġ
Ҳ࣬ȻûϢ·
վǰֻ˵
ɫһһ˿Цݵ⻰ͲԣҲˣô˵ûϢˣҲ˿ɲ
ҲǲһЦб㵹ߴѽÿȻҹ˵ǰԼɷȥĻᡣ
ͷۣ
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ҽ׼Բ˯ЦЦ
ҵҲ룬˼ګӦմ˸˵ЦˣҲȥݷһѣܿͻġ
¿ЦѾñɨسŵ׼ˡ
٣㻹ˣҡҡͷǵǣֻ⼸նեˣΪʵ
˵ʹ˳ȥ㶣ͻȻӦʱߵͨ죬ŭգվסʲô㡪㡪š
ǺѾ֮ززˡ
⣬ϵʻ
ȥѩˣϾôãûȥҹѩģʵҲǺΣȥģ˼ګʱڲϣȥߵĶˣҲһ䣬øϽȥһˡ
ûеһһʿʿ̽ΪѾڽߵġ
նҳûȥѾ߽ƳǿƵ˳ȥ廹ǿϳŵģЩʿŷС
ƣѽûа취εگһ£̫޺ˣȻԸνǺտɲҴȥ̫鷳˲ѡô͵
Ҳֱߺţȥŵʱﻹ˼ګӣ˼ګеҪôһ㣬Ƿˡ
ãֻ˼ګ⣬Ϸ棬иǲ
ռæǰϷˡ˼ګһ
˼ګЦţĳʧԶӭˡˡ
ԽԽˣεĵĻտɵ𡣡
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ȫûϷʵϷɻã
ϷЦŵͷ̾ʵⷬģǸмԸίԼҲ鷳
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֪Ϸ˻һתǺգһص˲ˣҲ˵ҲһЩ˱ǣУ֪ˣ϶ֵġ
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̵ϷˣֻʱģܾãϷҡ
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ЦԲ죬ǲֻǵұӷͬƷ̾Ҫλɡ
˼ګ̲˵ǰ
ЦǺǵܻ֪ʵһֱҼҶҹǮģǮѽþϸ㣬¶ģǮȻ࣬Ҳкôģ˵˭ңҾ͸ٵǮ˭ҺãҾ͸ǮԤˡ
˼ګߵֻǻɶѣɻл顣
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ϷսȣȨ˼ګҪһЩټϾҪƹܲûɶȨĺգŪɹģһΣǶôѽϽԲˣˣ֪б¡ǵҲù˼ҡ
պٺЦϷˣѾˡ
Ϸһ㶣ˣʲô
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յ÷ѩȥﵱʦȻֻϵģ÷ѩܶģϾʺҲǷѩỊ̇ΪֶŮ֧ԼỊ̇ѽҲԹʺĹϵѧԺҪˣѩЩӴҲ֮Уһá
˼ګԶˣСӿпǹʺĸܣ齨ѧԺͷѩĻѽ
յȻôΪֻԼǳֵһпԴ
ϷҲ˰Σ̾Ҳɷѿİ
յҴµģҵȻΪ˸𡣡
Ϸ˼սʾ֭ҲЩжؼҲûа취˼ګѾסˣǰ˼ګԴհӣڳ޼ҲҴѽ˼ګο
˼ګεһȫƾĸ״
ԺҲְֺޣҲ佫͸ݶôĹͻıҲ͵ģʵһֱͣСʵ̫֪ǳˣʱҪץˣҲǺܾᰡ
Ϸ̻һѾߣѩƫ
ǣ
Ѿ֮󣬺յϷˣʵô鷳ҹȥˡ
ϷЦЦûҹģܵŮ뷿ȥϺͿˣҲûкͿֵز
ͻȻӦ˹룬̫С˲ǣ⼸ե˲ġվԼƷܵɡ
Ϸ˵Щȥɣ
֮⣬ȥչһ񣬵Ϸˣվʧˡ԰գҲôá
һߣ˼ګĸ״ˣ᲻˵Ĳ
Ϸ̾һεҲ˽⺫յΪˣͲعأأǺĻһ֮֮ģֽ࣬ȨҲ֪ɳʲôһЩҲǵģڸɳʲô춯ص³
˼ګͷĸ״Ӣ
Ҳûа취һȷʵֲ̫ˣںߵĺţҲǹģþ£ҪѺոǻˣ֪ɳʲô


1018 Ů
⻰˵ҵʱ򣬺ʼЩ̬һ̫һǺˣؼи֮˲˼ګټ̱һЩҲģҪ˼ګĻͰƽӸȳȥˡ
̡
ֻһ
תֻһ׵ŮվſڣĹں㷢ֱһɫ磬Ҫǽ绻ɴȹǾСŮĴ硣
Ůʮ˱ѽһδѩѾȫɱһŮˣǣѩҲǰΪˣһãûɬǶһ˿ׯغͳ졣
仨ժˣ
ѩ
ռغ
գ
ѩۿһ죬Сǰһͷ뺫ջ
ӵһ
һŮֱһ࣬ʵЩ̡
ձѩѾӣǹ̵ѣʪţ¶ȲһƬھΣһֱΪ·ּټѩҲûйϵ˿ȴһ쵰ԴһЩʵԲӦ
ѩҡֻҪܰȻĻҾˡ
ˣȴøˡ
˽ӵһӣĿһԵͷǺӣϣֻ촽ģ㣬ú鲻Խ˿Ǻ̴ڡ
ѩʱΣȴƲסеİż⣬һ˫ỷźյĲӣɬܻӭ
ϾδµĴӣһǱѩ֪ʱݣðΣŽָǣˮߵİ˺һֵۣһ֪۸ҡ
⻹̸ϰɣϰʱǲ۸δһ촽ڻζȻ㶼ˣҾ۸һ°ɡ԰գȥ
Ų
ѩͷһ˹ȥͻȻһһ鲻Խ̧һԼ㷢գҡǲǺѿ
ĳˣһЦѵǳеô
ŲˣѩߵұѾҪ˯ˣΪ̻ңҾûôױˡ
ŶˣԭСŮĴǲ簡ЦתȦǳе͡
ҳҲŲϵˡѩһЦȻʲôƵãѿһ¡
˵ţͿ첽˳ȥ

նɵģ룬ɵ椲ȥ˰ɡ
ʵͦģ崿ףֱΪѩġ
ѩôķôʱȥ磬һˣֱֻһ̳ӣЦҾ֪´󹦻ҵΪ׼ףݾơ
һǵѩᵽ£û⣬Ϊǹеһ仰׻ȴû뵽ѩΪ׼ףݾƣижھν֯һ𣬿ЦԲҳٵˡ
ѩҶ˵ûϵˣƳǽҲѾҽ͹ˡ
ָ̳ӾƵǸ˵ġ
㡪
ѩ߼ĶСš
չһЦǰȥ˹޹顣
ѩҲľߺҽձӡ
ллܹҾӿ̫жˡ
ѩһ㶣󿩿ЦСѷˡһһ£˫˫ߡ
Ɑף㿭ȸΪ
ѩٱһȻ棬һϾǳ佫ңľж
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ѩ־ٱһƣף࣬ҵҲүүһ࣬û벻ôˡˡ
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ӹɣ˾ǾƾĴ߻ֻ΢΢Щȣ룬ѵûбեɣô
ѩȴûע⵽˫۵գ˵һ˱ͻʴ
ЦôţҲʩСƣԷ뵽ҾȦġ
ôѩּʵõǲƭ
ô֪˵ƭıԣüơպı粵
ѩ˵˵ҾͰƭ˵¡
¿ⲻֻ˵ϣܹ࿴һͳ˧ѩȴôãΪʶΪһСƭ֣ƭ֣Դ˸еǳȤ

粵ŵȻὫ¸κα粵ǲ԰׵ģðɣƭƭɡνսƭʷǺ³Ĺ̸ѩȻ͵ģƤ˵ҪݶԷǾͲҪ͵ѧרҵͳƣϲţ˳ɹʱȳĬװҪ߳
˺ֱӲȡһ˵µʽĴǣıֵ쾡¡
Ȼѩžˣʱţʱһ۽ųݵĿ⣬Ů̬ǳӢ壬Ԫĵû̬ǵԪĵеʵ塣
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գգۣˣôôʱ˷˵ˡѩһĲᣬȴҲǲᣬ֪ˡ°ɡ
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žˡ
պٺһЦͻȻʵѩ벻ȥѧԺ飿
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ѩæҡҡͷҿɲУУС
ڹŴʦǷǳʥġ
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ѩϲĵͷԺöҪд£Ļġ
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ѩһһζһ£ߵ㡪㲻˵ҪҵĹ¡˿ôĽǹ¸һ顣
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ѩɬ˵ôֻҪҾͺˡ˶٣ֵʵҲû£ǲ֪˭дġ
չһЦ
̸ĵǿɾͿ˼ګ
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յĻشһϾߣ
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˼ګϾ佫ﲻ֪ղȡǻ֮ߣȥϺճţתһ룬һδ϶кܶ໰Ҫ˵Ҳ֮飬˵ƫʲôֻҪ뿪ƫǾȥǰסˡ
һֱȥ
ȫ˯⣬ԽԽ𾢣ԴǾûôĹˡ
ֱ֮ʱղѩȥ
ոճţ˼ګӱϵǽǴ˳ȦȻҲһδߣȴζӳ£һúնѩǳĵģҲ÷ɲŮòһ棬ʼи֮򣬶ǹй壬̫ô죬治֪泤̾һ


1019 Ҫ
ǿ¸ĸİ
˼ګΪ󽫾ȴΪԼŮһҹ̫˸жˡ
նԴ˵һֻ֪йŮûˣ֪ĻҲֻеŭǶôҵƷŻػһҹҪҺĶ˼ƾ˼ګܷס
صһţ￩һ£ڲۣ˵ȥȥһҹδ飬֮»᲻ᷢ쭰
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һŮ澴Ծ
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պܷܵĵͷֵˣ𣿡
䣬ȵϴһˣ
תͷһֻվȵϣʼЩð麹ˣӲֵ簡
Ҳ֪ѾˣЦЦ
Ů̫ԣϽ
˹ƺսŵģкֺЦװģѾ׼ҹޣҲġ
մһжǴ˴Смѡ
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ͷһۣòȥԪĵ÷ѩôֱ˵ȥ̸˰
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ºߵҪ˵һ˿ˣһţѧʣ˵óڡ
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޶˻صڣյûһ鿴ΪҪϽȥϴ˸裬Ȼ󵹴˯
һֱ˯緽ѣոմӴһڿޣһӴǰݣ££
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ܲף˸ǷҲ֪ʲôѵģȥϴˡЦ˳ȥ
ͨ죬źյıӰƲƲ졣
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֪յͷһ취ֲҵġ
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ȴƺӺջͷۣһתԪĵأ
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1020 
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βǡԪĵʵڴ޴֮Ѿ԰ʧȥģҾðֻẦ˺ҵʱֻӼķԸҸ˼ˣû뵽ȴ˹ѸҲڣҾͲЩ£һİԪ¡ֱֱ㣬ʹһأԲȥһУҪ㵱ƣƤĲңѾ֮ǧ֮⣬ҲûĸӻңĻǱ㡣
Ǽ鲻ԽݸһЦĿŻԪĵЦԭϲζһΡ
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1022 ̽
ձӴ˾糯ǣһ治ģҪԷϣԪĵŲˣԪĵǹģϵ˶֮󣬱ߴź𴲣ֵؼʱ
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Ԫ˵˵ţͻȻֺһֱûпԼһֱЦеߵԪĵ

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ԪﶼûеףҲ̫ˣŸոΣֻ͡»˵㡣
Цһ㣬ģԶᷢġ
ԪԪ÷ǳģǰںŮʵģǶ൱˽ˣںֻԪҵ棬ջδΣͿʼΪԪıˣΪԪŮøɵ飬¹ܳɲɣǶ⺫յ̬ȡ
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յһ㣬Ҳλ̸̸ڵ񻷾£ƵĽƷһͭǮʳƷļֵݵطĲͬòͬԭ˵ʳ;㣬ͭǮ٣ԭͭǮһڶĿǰգʴʳڵߵĻҴƵͭǮòǺܴΪͭǮǶԣֻһսģͻʰҲرصͭǮƵĻǶǲȡԻ׻Ľ׷ʽ
ȻǶǷǳҪģ˾ļֵҪԶԶԭļֵϵǻɽҰ룬ũʳͱΪҪͭǮǱ߸ûκãΪ򲻵ʲôԪҿžȥΪʱʳΪͶ뵽ϵʱͭǮԭãһԪҵĲƸӵӼ
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ⷨӵǺáԪЦôԪҵĲƸһԪҵǮøӹ淶Դݵĵȣڹ˴ʧˡ

ʱ֣ԪĵԹҹ֮԰ɢǰԪĵһˣΪЩʻ飬ѾǳˣûˣһҲҪףܹԼİˣҪӿһЩ˵Ͳһָо
ȻԪĵʵûǹ£ҲǽԼļƻ
ԭˣԪĵǵô˽ףⲻ鷳ô
ʼΪ룬ȫԪҵΪ
ЦΪҪȥʵĲѾתķǳãɼ²㣬ҪãϣܹȥһЩͬĶҪ˵ũҵĻûиĺãҵ÷ҵƣƶƷãԪŷǳǮ׸ģһƶҵƵùȥԪңҲԪҴ򽻵Ҳȥˣڹ˽ҶôǻԼˣ˵˭ʸԪ࿹⡣
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ǣ֣ϽƻĿǰͰˡ
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Сն˶٣ֵҿµûȥˣϾҿϾҪȥˣΪЩ׼
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Ԫĵ˰ۣƫһߣֽ㷢㣬һ徲١
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档պٺٵ
Ԫĵһ㶣漴һֳ˻ͻ˵˵


1023 Ҳ
ʵȥֻһڶѣٷûзҪĿǻȥ½һ£ϾԪĵȡôĽչø֪£ȻﵹǲãԽʱԼҪǵµĸܣɲ¾˾˾ˣҪֺг˵ǶᣬŴõʱڵǣķ룬ðŨҡ
ڶ磬ձص
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ΪԼѾռ˺ܴıˣ棬Ӧô̤ãϴôԹԵȥϴһ裬һ·صڣֻϣɼˣ̽ƫһȥƺҲѾʲôҲԣձԪĵѾƵٷ֣һȥסǿ϶鷢
¿ɲһͿŮˣ̣նŪס
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һֱ£ǹһ˿ЦݣƺڻζҲ֪ǴԽĺ֢¡Ԫĵ̫ˣ֮һܸоѡĻϣǺ֢
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帮ͦžȥˣʲôҪĻҪʳҪ͢ʲôȥҳźˣôˣҲ򲻹
տŶ˶ҪˣǼѰ
ⲻ֪Ǭʦ޼ɡһģ帮ֻһһǺųΪ帮Ҫһȡ帮ˣޱ˿ˣ帮ȫǵĴ˳糵࣬ƾʲôǰϣ˶˻Է˳ۡ
ˣˣ
žͷۣ˵䣬ɲܣӦ֮ߵġ
帮ŭһͬʱһ˦ۣ˻ȥ
Ҳ߲ˣƳ佫ĳ֮䡣


1024 ʨӴ󿪿
帮֮ھվ˳װƣϣǸеĸ֣аЦ֪Си˷緶˵£к֮£þȵûǵþȣʳ˶Ҳ٣Ҫصĺ˸ܵ͢İǣֲǾÿԶԳ͢ȡ󣬶ҳ͢ҲӦУˣҲ½ġ
ȥ½⣬˶ʥáհһЦ˫Ŀ΢ϣʼ
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Ųˣʵֻϳд󳼶Դԭ뱱ߣ͢ڶͻʵҲԭһοǸԶͻʡѾЩطΪưͼصİտ϶ε˻˵
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ʮᶼӦˣҪʲôεͷ֮£֮⣬˭Ҳ˵˭¶˷ݹ޲档



1025 һƺ
Ϊ״Ӧ£ͺһնûУʵһǶԼ;ΪһʧܣͷǳΣˣʮỹֻǴҪģҪֱӹغͻʾɵǷܹƽ˵ǹغˣµھκͺĽʧˣǿ϶ǺԼҲǲߣ뱣նˣҲܲ
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СǾûбƵԱ㲻Ϲ٣ǿ˵ǹְԱ
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΢΢һƳе飬¹ôţûɡ
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յǾ֪ԱǾйĲܣѧöһЩι֮ȱרҵñ˵ЩԱ˿ûЩСȻ⡣
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պǺǵһˣЩԱֶܶʶһҪ˵ЩСС¹ٵıȻɫΪһԣǲҪʲôֻҪȥˡЩǵǿЩССҪһŽһĵŶӣҲҪһ໥ĶǵŶӡ
˵ţָһŵſʱսȭͷҪĶֻ࣬սȭͷܽ
΢΢ۣһҲԹܶ෽ЩСﲻ㣬Ϊβ취ЩԱ㣿
ʼܼ򵥣ΪĿǰûôʱȥչǵĸܣûոǹĶǣҶҵǸƻԣʵԵòôҪܻﵹæΪǶ̫Լ뷨ҵ뷨ԯޣҲÿÿ´һȥһ飬ҪЧʡ
üˣǻغ²ΪһɢɳҲڶڲĹ
ҽɳҰΪֿȵĹȻҿ


1026 
˼һƺʲôּҲöѴ࣬ںգڴ΢սһ»һЩ֮󣬱뿪ˡһĲپѾЧˣ޷Ҳﺫƶ棬ǴĿǰոҪտţվﻹܻᰭ¡
ȥãֻǶʮСѾŸ﹧ˡ
Ŀ´һã̧ʮӽΧһſͣһһ¡Ȼͳ˺رСİ칫ҡ
ղûм´񣬶ǿ˿ϣҪ˽⻧ôģôͨģ϶ʵ̫Ҫõϡȫ˿ڲİ򻧣һǧİٶˣȻûл˲ڼ֮ڣū澡
ÿе붼һۺҲһǧңʮռĶʮ֮һ˹װٷ֮һңûʲôˣҲûʲô˰ôĽǲզˣٱγֱٵÿҲʮ֮һˮƽҪ֪γҲƳһ󣬵γ˿ڱƳ̫ˡ
ǻ˵ֻǹ룬γ˰úܣΡơȵһЩʶǳ͢רƳÿ˾ô˰污ʩܵߣظ񣬳ͭ⣬ûһרΪ͢ҲԸģʽҪרγǳ͢רƳֻǹûôԣնʳǣҲˣСũ÷죬ٶҲôࡣ
룬֧ҪǹӣԼԱٺ»ǾӵĻΪȡƣ̵ĻãΪʿҲũ񣬲̾͸Ը㣬Ǿǲý˰̾ͻĶˣԱҪ֧ȫ£һƷƷԱʹﵽһ⻹Сٺ»͵Сũٺ»ʲôҪһ»ףҪģȻͬƷƷĻ͵ʮʯףⲻһʽְʡʵֱʽְǴƷҲǻɣÿжʮʯס
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ڶ룬ְ⡰ְǳ͢ԱǷأǹũֵأԼյΪʲؾ͹鳯͢ѶֽΪУΪһιԱѽһƷһǧĶƷ߰Ķ
룬ٺǺΪӵģٺ̼㡢⡢Ь·īֽ⣬ϴͷõ⣬˵΢
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ںˣøĸѽĿǰҲһʱΪĿǰҾô࣬ȫǮĻҵѹٺôô˳ۣøʵ˵һ̫ӵˡ
Ҳһ¶꣬Ҳֻǿһţͷŵһȥˣ̧ͷĿЩСһɨλΣҪĿľʹͻʾɵصİհǻҪľǣǮͶʸˣȥǱ·վѾӦʮ֧ƻ
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յǺãƻѾⶨˣҽǣ⣬һһ׸Ϊļ㷽ϱץѧϰڰºһԿǵģȻǮ͢ᱨġ
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һȼƵᣬһһģµԽԼ˾ֱӸ˽ӴΥƵġ
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ǰԺֻССԱȫվǰĿյϣȫˣϧĲʱ
¹ټɡ
Щ۹ԱǷܹ֡
Цŵͷһ˵ļ򣬵ˣȻ󣬱ſȥ
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ȥʷ̨εʱ򣬽ȻͬһȥСܵģҷǳͻأǵüβˣһϴģȻţƺģǲǺܵӻϡ档


1027 Ǯ
Ȱ
ջû˭
ĹܵǮǲΣڲȨ˭ʱղȨȥͽˣЦ˺ðɡ˵ǿͿǣˣʵ͸ȥɣҲûʲô
ҸоõŴˣһſˡ
úûа취ŴֽĵСЩпͽͿЩСôǶԣòһǵˣǵȻա
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нȨ˺գҲҳͷЩС
һȺȥҸС
˵ǻʵ۵ɺȫȨͻʾɵصļƻûвȨҲûá
ֻ֪ǹͻʾɵصļƻǾʲôǶ֪ʮᶼ֪顣
Ŵǳˬôɣûв룬Ҳ벡٣ȨգⲻұͱһôǶǹ¤ŵˣǵĿӶǳ޼ɣ㲻ͦҲͰˣͦգ̫ˣŴĶ͸ˣ׿Ҳ̸󹦳ôңõģֱ̯ӣ벡ٻؼȥˡ
ЩҲڹǲҲ̯ӣúһ˴Сȥ档
Ǻܿ죬վ͹ĵһƻ
˷ֱڸгϸʾҪݾǳ͢ʮᣬ˿֮·
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һس͢ǲȡͶߣô˶ԲƽȽ巽д깤ʱǶ٣ĳɱǶ١
͢µҪ·Լ㲻ܴԭطȥӵ޽óһʱװǡ
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ʷ϶Ǵδйģʼ޽ǣ쾵޽˺ӣǳ͢Բٵū۰ȥ޽ģǿµģڳ͢ڽԼһͶߣǮǵǮҵҪ£ǩԼƽҪÿˣͱϣԸ
˷ǳ𾪡
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ҲˣŴǶܿˡ
ԱҪ޻ȥˣǵʱһôҪ÷磬Ҫ꣬ˣﲻۣһ¶ĺӡ
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еôĻ飬ôܳҲףΪʲôһ㶼µ䣬Ǯʵ̫ˡ
Ҳûãֲ

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Ƿ׷Ҫбļƻ顣
վſڵ𼱣𼱣ұ𼱣Ͷ꣬ǿ˭÷ãǿ˭죬ҿϻȥ
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ʲôС磬ýкɲǡ

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Цŵͷλ簡
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ֱϣԼһȲ裬һڣ豭ûз£һС˸߲ҵĽһϵݸգɣĿǰѾˡ
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նаԾúЦҲ¶ɫ
ĺðΣ⼸Ավм䣬񣬡¹֪ð˺ɣ뺫ɼ̣ԭ¹һء
չһ㶣Ϸ£ϣλǸʲô
ǽ±֮գδӭӺɣΥʵá
ʶˣ־ѩҲմ״ʵģЦԭѽλԹΪȣŸҵǸҲûйǡ
һۣܹĻų⡣ûа취־ֻʵʵҵȵղȥ񡣡
պȥʲôأ
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ĿһɨЦǵʱɼкȾǲǣ
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ⳤж󣿡
һЦѵΪпոﶷʮǶ治֪̫ˣ̫Լˡ
⻰˵ĥ͸
־˾źա
ЦûǲΪûոȥƽЩѾȥ£Ǽ縺ģǵĻø̸̸ǰ̸̸Ժ̸̸Ǽ˳ԶôûеĻãеĻˣºʱʵ⣬ؽ˰ϾҪǻæµʱƻ˭Щ¡
ǲҪ»ܵҵĴѹ׷ǹʣǸЩǶһֽһţǧҪΪǣûĲɣֻǾ£ǺųҲЩϣ͸ҲῴһҰǿˣǾƭǵģֻˣɨصģǿԺģҪΣҪչֳ㹻
һʼΪ̬˽˻Ĺؼʲôڲ˽⣬ܷùҵĲøáһһģһͶ֮ǶеıһϣѡǾʵıҲǣⷽұǿ̫ˣҾǵѡУҳЩĹԱûģ͵úúŬˣȻĻͻ̭ҲῪЦģκûõġ
ЩԱһһţ¹ѻԶ
־ǺɣǲûвС
յѵһϿǲԼȥ˽ЩͶ˵ʵȻϣԼϢʱȥһУĿǰҪǣҪǵķ֮¡»ǿȲ죬Ҷ췢ģ֮ڣһ뿪ġˣͳȥ°ɣΪԱҪԼܣҪж߱ˣǻöһȺֻ֪óķ


1028 ֻ
ʵ˵ף뻧ԱĲģ˭˭
ԱԭΪԼռƵģϾ˶࣬һ飬Ŵ뺫൱Ļɣһ治תģúʿ
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ʵ˵ЩԱںյԸ󣬸ںգһҪźջ죬г·
ûбȥΪһԼǰ;ô
ҲҪ˺Щ˶ǹ¤ųԱԼѽֻܶʩһҪԣǾ͹ǿ϶ҵǵӾͻζ
ھյһѵ֮ЩԱʵʵȥˡ
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ҲڴýӼǡ
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Ϊǳ͢Ͷʣǳ͢ȻлȨⲻѹȣԼҪѡ
ȱ˵Щļ׻ӻ֣ܲˬ⣬׬Ǯ㹻ʽûѽźյɣͶóһǧһʱòôǮ㿴Ǻð
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ĸҰļĵһֱ׷㣬취¡
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һգգۣʵ취Ѱ취ӽдҪϢɱָˣ˺ƽ̯ˡ
ﲻ֪ʲôҸǣֻһʼ͢Ĳȡְ취˭һκбֵķǳãô͢󻹻˵ǳ֮͢һ̽ԵĽӴ׬һ㣬ôͿ׬ø࣬͢Ĺǿǲٰ
⣬һһ㣬ڳ˵ͭǮļֵҪ˿񣬶ǱߵĻ˿ļֵҪͭǮǵƣֻ͢ǰģҲ˵ӳһƥͶ뵽ȥʲôɣ׬˲Ǯ滹кܶ棬Ϳȥˡ
Ҫ˵ˣ˭ǺյĶ֣մ˾ٱҪ̼ߣ˿϶е׬׬׬پͿԼˡ
ЩҲɵӣҲе󣬿ûǮѽǵǮء
˵һʼǶԴ˻ԥԥģϾСũѾģһʱĵùһΣӳôһĿҪ̼ҵ˿ϣ򵥵һصḶ́δ
ˣǿʼ¶ģȡֽǶĵĲһأǽ͢ҵչģǮ϶غöˡ
һĻľÿʼ˽ṹԵı
ǰҲǵҲˣתתȥɵɵֲдˣͷһ࣬ȫûصģĶƷǮҲȫͶ뵽ȥˣȻ˵ĳɹ
̺;⣬˿ʼء
Ǯ֪Լ̣ȥЩһɵӮˣ塢κ̴ģչء
֮߳󣬳ʽһǰδеĸ߷ڡ
һ̿ʼ˽˵׼˵ĵ·֮⣬ǵõ˴ֽЩǣҲûгֳƣҲӦǿ١
ʼ˺͵ֻ֡
ǻ˵˵Ⱥ̫СˣΪ˸оǲȡ˺յĽ飬໥ϣһţһεͶꡣ


1029 ߼
ûգҲϵ˳Ƕֱȥ
һԾΪΪֿȵĲš
岿ĽҪԭڶƹ²һȨо˲٣ΪԭĮϵ
Ϊͻľǣԭ͢Ḷ́ǹƹܣ⽻񲿵ְ𣬿һûйɶ¡
ĹԱںȻóϷһԭȵСΪֿȵÿǳԷ˶಻ʤ˶ŶǳԷ
ôգڻѾ˸С
˼ֱħ
Ԫұ
СӻͣżգͽŪķˮ𡣡ԪЦǺǵһǳŰ塢̵ںҲмӡ
Ԫָǿˣ˭˵ˣ磬֪뻧һСԷǶŶӡ
ʮᰡ
Ԫпһɼ͢Ǵ˿֮·ȺһɱӣЩҪôǹԱҪôṆ̀ǱͥǽͨҪǸùԪһҪڱصá
Ԫ׵磬ֻͥһͨҪأкܶطһùǲ̫һ㡣
ԪͷҲǵģ·£ǱκϣֻһӵûˣùǿԳӯģɣȥԪܡԪĵһ£ǻжǮԶģ¼ùݡ
˵޽ùݲǳ͢ͶʵģŻѽǰ׸ģ̰ԪҲ㺫յĽ飬ϣõĸࡣ

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⺫ղŸմӻɣľһӭȥ
վʲôأ
룬ôţƺ壬棬˸Ҷң
ɣľеڽ磬µĲٺԼҪڹʾ̫ԸԼ
յΪΣ
ⶼֶô
ʲôϵվ㵵
ɣľҪ޽·վùݣɶҪǵĹḻЩ˲ǵĹô
һֱǺڱ˵ˣֵˡ
Ҳûа취ֻкղ˽̣Ĺã˭ġ
һ˰Σûɣ¹ô٣
ɣľ¹ǲ٣ɴ󲿷ֶڳ͢Ĺ붼ũģȻٵĿ
üͷһ壬ģʽļƻ̫ˣ¢ˣ˽Ӫëѽ룬һ취ó͢³ȥȴȻ˵ĻǾȥɣߴߣˮʹ֮飬ҲҪ򡣡
ɣľƵǶǾḻϹ
յǾǣЩȥ϶ҪʦģЩֻһͷѣǲܻʦļǮȥסһͷǵĹ̶ǣԼֻҪ˲߱ˡ
ɣľͷ֪ˡ
ʱһ˽Сո磬֣
յͷģ֣ӽɡ
ǡ
ɣľȥæˡ
š
Ƭ̣δˣˬʵЦ֣˽ǳźչ֣漴ЦС磬ʷ̨Ĺڿ϶ᡣ
һ㶣˻
֣еһȥԱֿ̱ȣԭӦóΪʷةģʷ̨ĹԱܲô
չһЦ֣ˣⲻǺٻⶼǽǮʷ̨ûơ

֮󣬺տżɽᣬȥ
֣ҲǷǳֱ˵ʱû뷨
յ֪˼ҽȥǱ߿ȫΪӭϳ͢ߣǱеԭϡ
֣üʲôԭϣ
յë
֣£ëֻǺԭԭʿϣ˿񡣡
յһ׷֯ëļұ֤ë֯ƷӮԭʿϲˡԼʿϲģǷǳǽȥ׬Ǯģɲǽȥµģ˵˿ҲҪ˿֮·
֣˼˵ȥǱߵĺˣǻˣֻ׬ǮĻǿԽܣ׬Ǯֿ԰ĺˣˬȻ㶼ô˵ˣǺðɣҴӦ㡣˶٣ֵһҵҪһ¡
üʲô
֣е֪ôϣͨҵȥغˣصĽǺƱ䣬ܾţҺսԭһֱøΪǿԿˣԭұǺģɵù˼ɵһ㣬ĪҪøͭԼұ뵽أǻԭɷǳв
ǾӣΪĹϵҲɱĶںʼн䱸֮ģϾĴǾԷɣ̫ĳˣسʼһֱգһֱڸ˶Կ͸й߾ĳһġƳڸ߾ûл͹̸ǸܵģֻҪпվȥ߾һֱûͣ쾵öɶǹӵܣƳǷйбλߣ㳯͢߾̸ͣй϶Ӧġ
ԵͷһȷҪ˵ţȻ֣УЦʵҽ֣ǰҪ¡
֣кΪʲô
յϣ֣ܹҡ
֣˺ðΣŵڿЦɣ
ЦҡҡͷɫģΪԱְҵԱǵ˼άͣٵ˼άҪҵҪⷽ˲ңҲ֪ǲΪٵģ֣Ͳͬˣˣ֣ϵӵܣұڹٳ
֣пЦҲ֪Ը񲢲ʺϵ١
Цȥɲȥ˭ģΪ£ϵܹ֮ˣĻ԰˶ȥ
֣кǺǵң⻧ô򵥣Թܹ͢污Ǳǰ֮һֱǴӰǮдԱġ
յֻǰˣس͢ҲóʮˣֻҪ㹻Ǿó͢Ͱնãǽһ˵תһȥҲȥԭ䵽帮˵ǿɾͻǰ㡣
ôһ˵֣еЩģóɶûаֻȨ֮Ȩûʲôֻ£ⲻҿ˵㡣
յһ㻹֣ӷģһ㶨ģҳλɣܵøҰżְɡϻؽһҲ˳ְȻߣΪ֣ӲЩ֣ӿԽһݼְɽˣ͸һ͢Ҫǵʱ򣬾ȥ߾ȫҪˣǻǶǿٺ»Էˡν
֣ȵ߼£߶
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֣˼һпʵΪ֮˶ô룬ɱҴǧԱΪ˸µģԱƸȨǾͱĩˣһְԱɽˣ֣еǿԽܣౡ֮Ϊ°£ΪòԣҾͻؼȥҲ͵һС٣ͷȻʢȭȭҲֻйˡ


1030 ë
βŲգͽŪ÷ˮͬʱҲ˳Ұ£Ϊܶ󳼶ǴӰе֪µģǷǳģôԼҲǳҪԱ˴£ʵ۾ȻѯǵǶڵųᣬҪʵһס
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Ǻڵѫ֮󣬲ԻɼͬƷݲ볯ᡣ
ȵʱ̫ǰѾΪ
һˣɫǳӣһʹ޺գһ棬ֿȣÿ󳼵鶼ܸӡ
ţƺ壬Ǹ˴򽻵ҪĲţȥǣһ˹°վһߡ
ɣ
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ʶˣǰһؽѦʷңֵѦˡ
񣡡
ʷЦŵͷɣǻ⡣ûĻȽֱӡ
£Ѧͽ̡
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Ƽ˲˵Ҳ֪ݣ񽫴ͻʹǨǵ˽һϵ϶ǰʷǺƃ¢ˣһس͢ʮǼ˿϶Ҳģźûеơ
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˭б꣬ǽкܶȥǱߣҪܶաƥⷽЩ׼һ¡
ʷԣգգۣѽҲҪǮġ
ֵΪǼ巸£ҴǮֻԽԽ࣬ôԽԽ󣬵ʱǻԺţԭ
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ʷҵͷҿҲǮڽС
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ֻһ˹ƃӥ󽫾Ϯƃ䬹ĳӡ
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һЩ˹ԱҲչȥǲһ峯õܺߣƿŲùϵܹ鲻ǻ¡
ҡ˼ګ˼ˣдһǰΪСӵˣһ̾ǮǺö
ڡ帮ǿˣ༵ˣѾԤƵյĵλߣû뵽лὫȨգڻǺ˵㣬ټʮᣬʵ绢帮ˣҪǻʮŪʮ֮һ㹻
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ա
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վڴм䣬гλ˵Ĳ˿϶ӯģӲΪᡣ뵱쾵޽˺ʱǳ͢ÿǳ͢ʮë﹤ڵʱҪܹʣһ룬ǾǲеĴˡʩĹԱûа취ֻѹȰգգ͵峯ҡ
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ۣ
ۣ
ٴ󳼶ͷС̫ˣôһ˵˭ҷ԰
Τ˼ǫݸ
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ǹٳǮҼǰܵһʲôֻǶٵƳǲģؼǮĵطҲ٣ҶԸ㣬һ㶼ս
帮һ׼ˣⳳȥҲ̲ʲôô˸ˣĻһʲô˼ֻ帮ûǺúոؼڲ棬ǺյĶ֣ùա
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Ҳ֪ǲۣ͸ǿ
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εͷǺðɣͰ
̵£ЩԭɹģȻҪЩˣôӦòŵôˣǻҲҪ̫ЩĿǰ˼ˣҸĹнǳߣͻβˣһԼٳ̷֧ܴ̼͢չһá
վ£ϳҲΪ˵üеҴս٣ո㣬ĺƽѾҪô๤ˣ湤ĹнӣϳҲΪʵһЩȥΪڹǲҪ˰յģǻȥɾӪĻӳ͢롣
ƳӪĹֻС˹ۣƸڷֻۣҪٲְҵʿڹļǣЩ붼ǽɲҲǹ͢һЩǮҲۣǿԵġӻҲǵ͵ȼ񣬱ūҪô㣬ͨǷ²ﷸģƳộ²ܶ࣬˹ӪҵǷǳӴĻϧǣĶǹҺ͹ѵģûΪպ͹Ҳκ󣬲ٹԱһ㣬ԼҵģǲҪ˰ģڹòҪôƷˣȻԷǻȥܶ˵˰ա
ĳҪôˣǵ˼ң˶ȥںյĹˣɼ˽ӪͣҪǹӪռéӲʺǾͲƽˡ
Ҳеǰ֮չҪӦսһެڱϣҪô๤ⲿΪ÷ģֻҪ㲻Ϊҷľˣͷðɡ֮˲ܻ


1031 ӯʳ
һССٺͰСĿꡣ
һΪгǧĿͻǮԱԱ͵гǷ⽨϶ܹ̼õġ
ŲֹӪΪ˽Ӫķչ̵档
֮ô׾ͨˣҪΪԱҲҪǮŹͬ棬ˮ֮¡
⣬ƷҲǳйԱδ֪򣬴ҲôĿΪʲôûпˡ
ɢ֮ƨƨߵľܵǰǳϾʦġ
ѽֵ񡣡
ңң
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յô
ģǹݺɽ̵ķѾһ룬ǹ״úɽڵİ취ҴˮǺпյĻϣָһ¡
𣿡
մϲôһˣ϶ˣ⴬õĽͨߣҿһȥ
ֺǺЦ
ͷЦթİЩûţлֱ˵
ģ֪ɺʱһֻ
ѽҿʦ˵ʦˣŪҶܽˣ΢һɣȵȥգ˳һЩϸ㡣
ѣֵǶлˡ
ڨڨӦõģӦõġ
ֵҪھ˵˵ġ

ˣҲһ׻㻹ǵôߡ
ûа취סˣôô˵¡ֻøͼһЩ֪ʶ˵˼ǹҳʷ϶Ǵģ΢㲦䣬̾׹
ⲻ֪ܱĵʱܱӵĿ⣬һտǵĴѽôܸһˣһ棬ǽ׺ʵȨ̫ˣֱӹغǵ룬պտǮҲǮ㣬һǷǳĽƤ֮ԵĻҲȥս̸䣬ˣȥҲûʲô塣

ǮǴ󰡣ɣ㿴ιϣǺǣЩȥԺֻܴͣ֡
¼ˣһȺ̸ЦҪ֪һǰϿʸ֮ѽ
帮΢΢üԭΪѾŭµõεĳţڳп϶ᴦƣû뵽˶̵ʱڣ͵õ˺תҲûа취Ͼκﶼǳκգһ˿ʵҲҲҡ
⻰˵߯ҲǣǿˣǷˣΪҶǻʵۺͻʺˣǸΪȨ֮Ĳˡ
帮һֱΪԼ纫գ̫źˣ⣬ڱƲºȨҪνϸ˼֣帮ԼҲ취еȨ


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գգۣﲻ֪ʲôЦǺǵǣûΪҲ֪߶ԩ·
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յͷˣʺϵһְҵĹԱְֻܼһ࣬ǿ϶ɲ˵ģΪͱεˣóġ
һתǴСأ
ǺܴҲǿܷҺϵǻÿţ֣вһ֣еžǸԸһµ԰ΪȣĿǰֻһС٣ʲô˵УͻȻһˣ֪ô
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ƽٺǺЦ꾣ӯʳ˿ֹģҲ˳Ӧˡ
⻰˵÷ǳʿ֮һ˳ӦΡ
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һ仰µ죬ȴ֪˵Ǻá


1032 ˣ
Ȼƽ⻰ǲϲǺȴΪӦõģϾ˷׷ǹʣƽٴӦæŪƴѾǷǳˣ˿ɲ̫̰ˡ
Ե£ǲˬû̸䣬Ҫˣˡ
ƽҲ֪µĸԣȫûп
ƫģһҲҡһ¾˵
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µ㻹Цóѵô
պǺǵҲΣǳмô˵
ºΪΣ
յԴ֮󣬾Ͳ˸ңôǴģҪôҪôñނơ֣硢ڡˣǶ֪Ҫʲôڲ֪Ҫʲôǰ£˵ҴˣԣҪǽ飬ߣǶñֳĬ˾ޡ̫ξϷˡз㡣
δ֪ģñȸӵĹٳķ飬ҲǺҪ˶δ֪ԵۣǶ£ָǶ֪Ҫʲô͸ߣⲻϹֲС
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յͷʵҵĹֳĬ֧֣һϣĵҲҲ
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ĻŭţҾȻޡ޼䣬ôô˳Ļʤһգʵ㾿Ҫʲôأ
§ЦȻһͷϡ
ͷĨƵãȴ㲻˵ֱ˵ˣα˵Щҡ
ģǶ֪ҪõģʴЩ֮˵һ§ľ㿴ϼϡ
鲻Խջ££СԪĵžվںòá

ֻŮһߡ

صûлǸϻرɣľϽȥӡˢݻ̿ӡˢȫӡˢѩġ԰Ρ
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仹ˬǺѾд⣬ɼѾҪˡ
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1033 
飬㻹ǹŵģһˮŪộһ˵һиʲôʧǹǻЦ
һǱȥһ߳˵
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οҲˣź֣⡪öô
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ܱߵ˶ס˺̫ˣڵĵĲεİȫһΣ帮ּ鳼Ѿʼ˼ΰξͽΧˡ
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ŵ˷׷׼ȭͷС
һȻ
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1034 ˲Ĺ
꣬꣬꣡
˸뺰ꡱ쳹
⻰и˴ȥֻʹ죬ǵеĳʵ֣ķǳ𾪣һһĸо˷ˣһ˽һôĴУǰȫ޷ġ
һŵҲԵ÷ǳܣֻԼţƺģͷ̫ˬˣһϸĵİź
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Ǿ¼ңһ¾뵽档
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۷Ź⣬뵽ʱǰկ֮ʱֱþ޴ʯͷǽΪƽأǿĹնϽǧ֮⣬ƾؽս޲ʤ
ֵǵˣ⴬ĳ֣νǧ뵱쾵촬ˮн죬ɰǧĹˮеӶɥʧҪķѱʮ
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ȴǻֲ̿ʺˣ΢ܹѧ΢ⶼΪºͻʺ󡣡
κΪޣ˵ţֺǺһЦƨͱˣ޿ûаʲôҲЩ
ȴ쳣ǫˣ΢΢ǳԷθ֮ԡ
μ治ǿЦģ㵹˵˵
յ΢سǿͱЩҴɱˣ΢ںЩ̴ѧʿɱˣ΢ʱ΢Ҳùɱˡ˵ǣ΢ڴƣҴ֮ţ˸ҴƵĻǵǷ켫֮أ¡ػʺȻΰ󣬵ȴǳ̺ͼҪô𷨼ңҪôҴƵĺɰٴ
ǱºͻʺԹụ̃ǱȴƸ΢Ϊ٣ּԺʺҲǻѧԺʿũ֮ӵܣֲŮԿǰѧ̫ʥԵԹżģл޶һɱºͻʺǣԹẓ̇ʿũŮУɱ¡ʺȴһİӣι
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ǡǡε˼δӼλ˼⣬γҪӰҪĶӣҪĸףһֱԼ涼÷ǳˣܶطֵðո̵ģʺѳ
һºոָһ·лһѾŪˣҸ׼ߣʿũ̶һǰˮݣʥ˶ӵģ͸ʿũ̵ϸ׼ƶһ
Ȼð֮踣ĺޣɾɺΪʲôð֮踣ʿũ̵Ľޣ񱾾һͻƺܶഫͳĻʵۣȻˣҪ϶ҲҪһЩͳ׼ߵߣҪö࣬ΪҲڡ
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ԭãеΣéٿһеһԺһγţĳִδйȣֶ΢΢Ҳû˳źյĻּϳʿụ̃Ϊ֪ⲻһһϦԽ⣬ӿصǴĻһĻΣôĻͻᱻȡʱԭضĻԾӣǺĻȥͦ⣬ȴһǳ˲Ĺ룬ʵˣǲˣһЦһĻ˵úã
ʿũʱãӰҪߣǿģΪƳδԼҪټңXXһͬĻǾͱһˣĻϡ
ЩǣҳԱУѧɶУһЩӺܶѧɣλʱĻ֮ӵĻҲûл˵Ͼûзκһѧɣֻһγ˴ĻΪûĸѧɿڹ֮ϵģŪĲģֱӽѧ߳ĻѧɾͿ϶ˡ
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æҡҡͷ룬ƨĵֵزǾͲ˵ƨˣһѧˡ
Ƕףܶ˶źգСӻܺˣһ漰ܶɣֿ˵Ļǻᱻ˱粵һ˵ƫƫûһ˸վа
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ǴҪ¶ĻãǱݶĴ룬ҪǰǰŪݶҪŪ߰
գգۣԵЩΡ
οȴǼ𾢵λǹ񹤣һ͡
ͻȻһת£΢бࡣ
һ㶣ʱб࣬ʲô˵ʲô
յ΢齫⴬ˡ


1035 ˽
սվǴﲻݰ
˶Ǵľһ˼ϸҲǾȵźա
ˣ
͢Ĵˣ
ⲻڿЦ
˰ΣƵˣ˭
ˣռ˵ĻӦ
һɺԣ
ڷŭ͢ô޽⴬룬㾹ȻҪˣǳ͢ʲô
ղʵѧʿ͢촬Ϊʲô
ڵȻΪͻ
ⲻˣյҴûʲôˮϵˣôҪˮս˽Ҫģôл˾ˣǵԼȥ죬ˣ˽͢ҪͻǮȥ;˰һжԼ죬Լˡ
帮Ƶ͢Լ첻ǸôΪʲôҪ죿ʱ͢ҪʲôóǮˡ
յǶֻСǮ͢ԼǮ࣬Ϊ飬ȻҪΪҲ롣
ü˻ִӺ˵𣿡
յ£΢ȥ֮󣬿ٳ͢Ḷ́Ҳ֪΢ԼҲ˲ٹ̣ⷽȽϤ۸棬΢һǳ󣬾ǳ͢Ĺ̳ǮҪԶԶ΢Ĺ̡
ɫһڣ˼˴̰ۣ
ǽһũ粨ոչȥ㲻Ҫһ粨ɣ
Ҳǣ
ҡҡͷʵܼ򵥣͢Ǯ˽̣Ǯڹҵģκһ˵ģκһ˶ԣǵȻһһ㣬ܶһһ㣬ԼǮ˷Ѿ˷ˣνġֻҪһľĵḶܱ́ͱԴҲԸΪǮȥˣٳɶࡣ󵽳͢ԱСб˾ռǹҵǮ
˽˵ĻͲͬˣ˽˵Ǯ뾫ϸ㣬˷ѣ˭ҪҴлˮ㣬Ǳ͵˽˾ͻ浽ٸȥˣǳ͢Ḷ́͢ҲǹٸٸԼԼǲŵĻ΢֮˿ĳɱ볯͢˿ĳɱȽһ£֧֮ǮɳɱҲڹ˿ĳɱҾһȣ֮ĻҪһЩ
ĿһɨǶ֪˵ÿ϶ģȽһ¾ͳˣܲģǮ˵ҲģǸǧ˿ƵĹϵǾ˷ѹǮȥεˡ
帮ҲĻܶԱûˣ˻Ȩ۴϶ǻ£Ī˵̰۹ҵǮ
üͷί
Цҿûô˵ҵ˼ǣǮһ˹⣬ͬһֻǿߵ˶̵ȥǲһ㣬Ҳʡģ˷Ѿ˷ѣû˻۵ģĻʳ͢ҪòøۣΪ͢ʲôǮӯġ
⣬͢촬ԱǲƳɱȥ˼ɹĸܣһζĸϿ죬ȡԼǸΪʲô쾵۽촬ֻ˲ƣĸִûг˺͵ͷϣǳ͢վ˰յĶ棬ֻǸŭԣѹɼͱ˹ٱ񷴣ҪǸôֲˣ϶ٸڻ˵Ŀʼͱ͢ɱˣ͢ͻø壬΢Ϊβȥ촬͢Ǯ;ˡ
帮ͻȻ˵׬ǮĻеĴֻǳ͢ģô˾ҪӶ͢Ĵͻ͢׬Ǯ
Ц˲ͶٻҪǳ͢ҪӸͻ͢͵Ķ붼ǳ͢ͲҪǮ
ڵ˵õĻ͢ڣ˶ˣ˼թұҡ
ѧʿ⻰˵òյͷΪ˱һҶ󣬳͢ڳһʹ룬ֱ۸ˣγһ־Ϊ͢Ļģ͢ĲĹô˭ôã˭ģԱһҶܴʹ˷չõĴ
Ҫ˽룬һ
óü
ּ˵¿ɻǵһѧԺʦôʵ͢дŷǳˡ⣬͢Խ˹˽ֻøصĻܹתǳ͢ƿͷȡͣѣΪ͢ûдֻ˽˵ģôÿһͣĴһ˰գȻǮ࣬ǧ֮õģǮɾͲˣһ֮󣬻˺·شȥǳĲƸΪͣϰ˱Ҫ򷹲ˣݴ˺ʱ;ذնܾ޴Ⱥ͢Ӧرһǡ
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΢
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սֵ£⴬뱾ǹΪ͢ģȻҪ۸ˣôӦõĳͣ΢齫۴Ǯ۳ɱһΪ⣬һ͸Щ͵Ĺ
æ֮ʵܹ⴬룬ЩǹûûǵǻۣҲ޷ʵ֡ӡۡ
εͷ⵹Ӧõġ
帮ֻ̲Ǯ䲻
֮յȳ۴ҲȡͶķʽǮ۵ģҶڵһʱ֪ģһ⣬ǿԲģôǮŹҲм¼һιˣȻ󹫲֪ԼõǮȻ͢Ǯ棬ԼǰȡǮˣͿýСγһ໥ලķʽûдӽõ㹻ǮǵȻҳ͢״пɲҶֽţǮͲҪκιԱֱ֣ӽǮ棬ȡˡ
һϲ⵹ǷǳҲһЩԱ˿۵ǮΪԱ۵˾ôֻǽ빤û֣֮ӽòǮȻȥ״ͿԷֹ˴п˿۵ѪǮ
Ҳͷ԰͢ðգǶԱ˿ˣ°ռǺ޳ֱ͢Ӳ棬ôԱ޷лȻͻϸලУĻҲվõӦõǮ
帮һѽҪĨںյģô˺һѣвǺյôæ£̹Ҳûеġ
Цƾľ׬ǮҪ̰ǮĻβֱӽ˴еǮΪоˣȥԱͬôó֪͢ǽоͳˣ뵱ЩҪУôѵ£ԼһǮҲٵĽǮ˰ա
ôĻͲܹٺ»ôȨ̵ϳҲǳе͢ԽԱٺ»Ҳв
ȴ˼ҲԼල
ܲڴʲô⣬ѧʿ˵ãҲʵĿǰеĹģ
ЦǺɲ

յôĻһ㣬͢ȽǮУв׼ʱǮԱǹԱǵģ࣬٣򽵣һٺ»ܶ࣬ǳ͢һԲٺ»ǮУȻÿһεи߽еԱܱ֤ת̫鷳ˡҹԱǮһ˭Ҷؼۣ׼ĻԽⲿ˵ǮɽдΪǵǮ࣬Ҳ٣ҿԼٻѹ
εͷ⵹ֵÿǣȥ֮һϸ
΢չֵ
ҲˣǽҪȨûдﵽЧְ˺һѣ帮һۣЦˡ


1036 ɷƶ
ȻƳĹӪҪ˽ӪǿN˵Ӫ¢ϵģֻ˽ӪûγɶѣƳƷǲ¢ϵģǲȡʽƳŵʲôزͭҲֻǹٸȨٸĻôҲԸ㣬νĹӪΪҺͳ͢׼ģƷģ˽Ӫƽߡ
Ǻ͵һ㣬Ϊֻ͢Ҫ¢ϣ˽ӪͲܷչ˽ӪܸɵĹ͢ġ
ıûε֧֣µһˡ
֮Բ޳ɹӪҲ˵ʹ޹ӪֻվڲĽǶһ㣬ӪȷʵӯǮǹҵģɵӣʺͿֻǳѿñȻʵҪǸǮǮҲͳˣҲκ棬йزŶŻʵ۵ҪֲܲΣǹٳҲǵʱʵһĿڲۣһƬֹֻ֣ôô⣬Ѿ᲻Ǯ
Ū󣬷ǻ
Ӫߣǹңͳνײ㣬ǿԴ̺ܶ࣬Ҽ谭˽Ӫķչ
˺һʹ㣬˽ȥŪȵǷչǵ˰ǻ׬⣬ֻǺû뵽ôͻȻԤƵ֮̽רע⴬¡
δӦҲܼ򵥣쾵۵ı磬ҲԱøܣΪûʲôãҪʲôǮ

飬ǱǸҷŲǺɳӰֻǴڵģҲΪҿǣ¡
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ҲںЩЦҡͷ޷޷ɾľΪ룬Ҳʵﺫɡ
˵䣬һˬʵЦ˻ͷһֻ˹źյɣûλͽܰɣ
ոæֵңң⺫տɵ𡣡
⴬ܹɣ̫ʷҲǹû˶٣ֵ̫ʷ߷ڣĳἰ£ĳǺա
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ЦЩ´룬ǲҪôԽ˽һЩ˵ƺ뵽ʲôԽһЩḻϹԺԺרо죬ⷽ˽˿¾Ͳ糯͢ˣҳ͢ǲĹн
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ѧʵĿҪԶʤȨĿ
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ͻȻкѣԺһְɡ
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ҲԣԺû˭ȥְǻģͷǺðɣ֮£ɾͰˡ


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ܿ죬֤ʵϢ͢۳Ĵ룬һһʹۣҲǲȡбķʽ͢涨ֻ촬ʹְ𣬶Ӧ͢ۿڣ֧˽˳伯ţ͢ĻҲύ͡
˶ѣδΪϸݡ
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Ӱɲһ㣬ڳ͢ƶҲܸı䣬ȹ˶ٴģԱְҲܷı䡣

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ΪʲôԪҼҺԭ򣬺ӵǵϽƻ̫ҪˣһϽƻȡóɹôĻϷ͵ΪϽƻĸĿǰ˿ڻǼڻƺ򣬽г޷ô࣬϶ҪȡϻĲԡ
Ԫĵǳ͢涨벻漰䣬Ԫұ촬伯Ŷѡһ
Ԫ׺ǲΪʲô벻䣿ֻ촬
ʵǳ򵥣ͬʱĻôͿγһҶ󣬶ڳ͢γв˳͢ý߷ֿ͢ƿء
ԪΪӦͶʴ뻹䣿
յҪǺȻΪ޷ǾǶ໨ЩǮ򴬶ѣߺһҪҲ䣬촬ֻǷ䡣伯ţóʮ
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Ϊ֮һ
͢óʮͶ̣һ伯ţҪʮᣬѽ
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Ԫ׼ԪﻹõóôǮ
ʮ᱾ͷǳˣԪǱͶùݣǱֹūڼ沢أԴӺճΪԪ˲Ǯȥˣ͢ĹһһԪôḶ́Ҳ㣬⻹ԪʷһؾڽǮе
ֶգ˵õĳ˺ðˡ
Ҫòհֹһ䣬ףһ׹ɷƼŵĲԣֲԪʽ㡣˵óһݸԪ
Ԫһ߿վһ߽͵ʵҸԪҵƶ趨ģѰһЩһţᵽĹɶԪҵãƼһȺ˵ˣűøȶȱ˭תȥܹøʽһĻԪֻҪճһĹɷݣôͿԿ˼š
ôһ˵˲׹һһǴֱӽƶֲƶ档
Ԫ֮󣬾͵ݸԪ֣յ֪ģԪǶκ˺
յҵȻ֪͢߸ıˣ淨Ҳıˣһ治תǲôŪҪ˼ôŪθǾһôɵģΪĿǰԣһҪȥ̫ˡ


1037 ˭޳

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ϾȻԪ治˵
Ԫ鶼쳣ӡ
ҪǿжµĻȷʵѹǳ伯ŵĻҪ򴬣ҪˣԪϽƻѾʼˣϽƻǮǱĩãϽƻûĻٶĴҵûлѽ
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ĵǴģҸҵԪǿ϶취Ǯȥˡ
տǼҴҵıӰһԵԪĵ˵
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ռæ׷ȥ֣ίѾ߾ȫԪˡ
Ԫĵ΢΢һ£ҲˣߵΪҲ֪Ԫҵġ
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ԪĵЩֶΣĶ֣ǴǶԣ˵ôԪԪңܹа취ģʮѾ˼İɡ
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ѽԭ̽ҵġջں޵
ȷʵ̽ΪԪĵҲƭʴԪĵʼնںôЩɣû뵽ˣǳŭΪҪô
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ǾԶôյЩԭڳ͢ģڳ͢óֻΪ˲ùٳøԼٲϵĸ뿴ҿ϶ҵģôֻԽԽ࣬ɳ͢ĻԱ϶ûˮ㣬ô˾͵ڹԱԱסĻû˰ҵͺѷչ
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Цô㶼ܹ뵽벻ֻһʱеЩįˣܿͷӦ
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ԪĵһĻֻЦҲùˡ
Լһֱ˺÷飬һףЦˣǺǵɱҰɣʮһ׮飬ѵûôҸ飬ѵͲôʡʡɡ
Լдʲôûͱ飬ֻԪĵԴ˺ֻһۣû޳ܵģֻи޳ܵġ
Ԫĵúôһ˵²õ磬Ҳ̫ˡ
Сȱ˵
ԪóһԼǾǩݰɣ
һֻдΥԼ¥øԪգҲ̫̰˰ɣǰ㰡ôҡ
ңСÿңҪĻرкβɡԪҧһ㣬ǱһԼǲǺöˣѾһ󲽡
쵰ȽϷʹˣడ̸еֶΣõ̫ˣֻûõô޳ܣ룬һһӣҪҸӲģԿܹңȣס˵ԼдҲʲôǷɣ¥Ҳһ¥ѡǩǩôȴ룬ˤ˵ǩԼĴȻݸԪգЦеպˣҿɲ𡣡
һһ
ԪֺǺǵĽԼ뻳ڣ㣬Ϊܶ飬ɺȫȻֻ֪Ҫհһ£ռѾˣᶼûˣƣǡָץס˸쭵ĻᣬһҪźԴٷ£ĺյļ򣬵÷򣬸Ⱦơ
գպߵǩʥľԼǷƨ
ڲܺ˵ʲôԪնˣЦţȥ
ôߴţ̧ͷһֻԪĵ׹ίĵΪβҡ
Ԫĵ˵ת뿪ˡ
ȵ˭޳ܣǲҪһҪˡ
˵ӲŹģҧгݣԪĿǣˣⷽ棬ԪµһСҰ¶Ķ֣ЩԵˣԪռֱԵ˼£ȫ͸ȻüѽӾѾ뵽Ʒ˵ϣȻ⵵ˣ˵ôšԪգߺߣƣһҪ㡣


1038 óϷ
ȻڿûпԪգ̫Ҫæˡ
Դӳ͢۴Ϣ֤ʵ֮󣬻ֱΪ˲ҹǣҪԸʿѯʣϻΣЩС˴뱲Ӿûôæµȴǳ˷ܣΪǵõӺأҲǴδܹġ
˵ȥߣû㹻˵ӣΪܶԭʿԸ뿪磬һũĻĻ͵ԭ˸ײӡ
ʱ֣ԪҳĺգƣӻصֻصסˣΪҲϳ͢ߣӪ
Сո磬ˡ
š
ŶľһˣڻԺŵˡ

գգۣ֪ˡԺֻһ档
С˼ɣ
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Цŵͷһ
л
ǸСðݷã˺Ϣ뺫ˡ
⵹ûйϵհڰ֣ҺܺǣΪʲô㲻ȥңҪң
غɵĻС˲ȥֻС̸һ׮ȥ̸
ղ͢Ĺ޹أ
Щϵһʵʺɣ֪´ҪǮ
һ㶣ʲôʱԴָȤˣҼǵȥѽ
Ҳ֪գʵվ˾ˣǴ촬Ҫľģ´ĻôҾҲԼľͷȥˡ
еЦŵͷڴļ۸ڼ㵱УҲҪᣬôǮ𣿡
üϲδ̫ྪ֮ɫȻԤƣҧɣģӽд
յ᣿
϶ĵͷҿôѺУֻǰҿ϶Ϣֻܹ׼֮ٿʼ
һһͽһӮˣʼʩٶһѣС
ۣЦ˵ˣеǮɲҵǮǰյǮſʼĻ֮ڣǽиô죿ɲǼٹǮǼᣬǽҪܶѹ
ǣҲ֪ԼЩ쿪ˣɫһأԲĵС˶ɰС˳⡣
һۣ˼Ƭ̣֪ûһļƻ
еģеģ
⼱æͳһݼƻݸգ뺫ɹĿ
бսӹϸĿգƻһţ˵˵ܹʹмǮҲܳ´ġ
ΪΣ⾪ȵ
յΪҪģ͢ӾѡѡۺʵǿĴǮ͢͵ѡ㡣
һʱϢˣЩ嶼Ļûκϣ
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Ц⣬ܹ˵㹻˸齨һţֻҪʽĻбϣǳ󣬵˽һҪ󣬾Ǳ붼ˣ׼κι
⾪źա
ҪΪʲôǿһݼƻϣҲܸ˵ЩģţҲ˵ġЦǸˣͿܲܰס˵ţ˶٣ֵ⣬ȥ˵ͶĴ롣
һ˫Ŀһ˿˼Ŀźա
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⼱æл棬С˸м֡
Цŵͷȥ׼ɣʱǲˡ
ǡС˸ǣ
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ɻкηԸ
ǰСԾӣŲ̫ϰߡ
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ո뿪ɣľˣʲô
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ɣľǶƹܴµģҪǽҲУֻ»˿ࡣ
յд㣬Ц̸ʱ򣬲Ҫǣҽȥˣֻһѡ
ɣľͷȴǷǳ󣬴ôͶʣǧռٷݶ׬˶ǮԹı˽ôҲ㣬֪ô϶ĿģҲʣͷӦ
ֵˣ꿪ʼеҵ϶ģӣǱΪ׼ҴСУԼϽֳϸһҷУ⣬ԸЦһڿʼⷽ˲ţϹأŮΪ
ɣľͷ֪ˡ


գ컹ʱվͼȥ˻ҪǳϢȥ
ʱպġ
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΢΢ü漴ͷ֪ˡ
ȻôȥֻŴ棬ˣվţԵЩΡ
һɫô£첽ӭϣֵɣǻˣҪٲҿɾ͵ôȥˡ
Ŵ΢΢һ㶣ɴ˻

һŴ֮󣬺Աߣҡͷ֪̾⼸æԴҪըˣҳΣڻһж˽⣬𿴻ںܷģʵڲģ㲻ţȥ£˰աٺ»һ㣬Ҷˣٲɰ
ŴһˣҲûɶˣЦǱǸ⼸岻ʣڼͺˡ
յף˭˲ĿǰǲɣɲôϽȰȹһѹء
ŴͷҵĲѾˡ
ϣĺϢռֵԭһˣͶƹܣֻܾһ¡
Ŵһɫһ䣬룬ͷ£ͶҾںĬĬŸſղŶںҡ
ﲻ֪ʲôЦǲǾѹ㣿
Ŵһ㶣ѵôȴˣûô롣
ʵô룬Ҳ֮Уҷǳ⡣
յͷһתҲɲ뾺һ£ʵǲ뺦ɡҴƿѫ񶼹̸ż볯ѫйϸµĻܶйϵˣɰæбֻһңԲôѡ˵ġ⻹ֻǴҪģһκιϸбˣж˵˽ף˵ˡ
˶ڻԱ棬ֻΪδһ֮󣬴󲿷˶᲻ģΪбľôˣʱյһ¡Ϊʲô£ΪѾˣҲ˭ҲûⷽĹǡҲҪɣɾһʤεĻҿ԰ɲ
Ŵγѣѳһ亹ֻǿ˻ķ⣬ȴû뵽氵ɱ£ҪҪˣżҸ¤Ƕ˹ľ帮ڿ϶ҲŹģͷǿһֱŹ¤ţлͻȥ̫ڡ帮ǵƣŴͲǵĶ֣˵ϣȥ
ŴٿȻһҾĳ֪С֮ĶȾ֮˺ɣ뺫ˡ


1039 ƽ
óϷùй壬λ
Ŵ׹ҪĻ̫ˣϣȥ֣һ᷸ģΪʵ̫ˣʱﵯֿһԹ¤ŵĴ
ղ룬ʵھѹ
ʧ֪Ǹ
ʵŴҲǸȰģȻĻῪϣȫֺ֧գҪƵ帮Ǳȥһ˲һѣԭЩɣھ;øлǸհԶ
⻰˵ҲȷʵҪŴ󣬲Ϊ¤ţϾϵ䣬Ҫÿ󳼴򽻵ڳãǾ仰⣬˵ҲϤԭе³̣ҪŴôһḻĻɣûȫȫȥͶ¡
һ½ŴȥˣڻȴæҪøԱԼٺơ

Ŵ뿪֮󣬺ǳһüƣ̬ڶԣаʮĸҪТһӤҪϣõԽ࣬ͱҪԽ࣬ԼҵģҲֲˣһ裬һƷţһ˼š
ǰ˵¹ٲμɡ
̧ͷһ΢΢һ漴Ƶȥȥȥڶ췳ˡ
֣СֻһϮɫٷԭֻҪ¶ѣҪⶼӦĻǸɴˣûκģλʡֿگʡگʱֱ˵ȱ֣֣ȥΣ¼Ȩ帮һϽִеˡ
ˡЦ
֣ǺǵһΪǷޣմһ⣬ȴû뵽ģҿҵңĻһǳʧ
տЦǷⱳᣬҴӲ֪ȻĻô
֣йһЦֵǲ֪ʲô԰ģ仰ҲԿȫ˼ְģͷԸȫͬĸ
Ŀ˸˼£Ȳ̸һҪ̸
֣д㵵ʲô£
ʵ˼ŵ£֣ûȤ
֣£ң֣ҡ
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֣Щͷˣ֣һ㲻ģ֪ġ
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Ȥ֣ҲòôǮ伯ſɵҪͶǳǮȥ
Ҵޡ¬Һ
֣źգֻڸڿӰ
ʵ˵֪ԪѾϵй壬׼һ伯ţҹԪһ֣ôĹ壬û˿Ըǿ⣬ϣɽʿܹһ伯š
֣üƬ̣֮Գ伯ţһҶ󣬿ƾԪΪ׵Ĺй壬ǿΨһԸǿľɽʿ壬Ļһ伯ųǴܵġ
յͷйĲۺûйǿ⣬ҵ˲֮⣬Ҫⷽ棬ɽʿżƣΪǵĵ񣬵¹϶ʱǼкܶ˶Ǩ㵽˽ϣΨܹⷽ濹ۺĹй塣
֣еü˼ΣӦʹõİɣ
һҵĳһڱ鼰ȫ˵ǿѹͷߣһߵĻˣҲֻйߵͨȫͨ˵ĻҪٷǳѡñطصĹԱ˵Ļǵĵλ̫ڱ΢طԱ϶Ҫһһ·ܿͻᵹգɽʿ͹йĻôλƽˡ
֣ԵͷҲЩģĽǶ֮ҲҪչгǡȥ˵أ
յȣǼҲҪǮȻĻҲȥ飬һֱڸһ·ӣ϶һ׬ǮҵĴҲȫ漰ֻūȥԼ룬ǼʳҲҪͨģһйȫƿغӵˣǱضǣΪǻǺùôɽʿҪָƽȵλϣκβϡ
֣ȨΣ԰ɣûаվһɹġ
յʧȥĻǽᴦˣڽ
֣е˵ͷ
ղһߣҲǳߣʹǰҲ˵Ҫ״򵹹壬ֻԼ뷨ȥһƺõģһ鵰⣬ƽָ¤źɽţΪһ˳Բ鵰⣬Ǯ⴬Ҫ;أûǻᱻթõƲֻܽȥҺջ̣Ǯ֪ʶȫͳǮֶزūǮ浽ȥˣгҪǮͨǲôֻһ취ǶɱˣǵǮƣϴƣˣǧ
ʱһ˽ɣͶ
ǽɣ
˵ֳ֣еˡ
һֻ۵˽λ΢֣ӽϰƹұλߴиƣƹܶǶεģΪгԽԽ󣬸аһЩȽ
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λ
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ȶ֮󣬺ղŽ֣У֣ӣҽ˰ɣ
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˻һһƨ⣬ʲô绢ʲôѩ̿Ҫľжģ֣βѡ
Ѿϰˣȥʷ̨Ҳһô֮󣬴ӹİͳǹĹɷƶȣڴ롢伯ŵб档ǿɡ˵ţͽϵݸˡ
ԽԽһǰδеľӪģʽ
յҸǿģҪȥִеġֹ֪ɷƼģʽ漰Ӵ棬ǰȥ淶ˣҴһערֹɷƼģʽΪŲһˣһȺˣĵҼΪͬǳ£ֱҵҾˣּţһ£λΣҪȾ׼õģ뽫ÿйɷݵ˶¼ڰԱڵʱ׷Ρ
Ϊ˱֤ÿ˵Ȩ棬ûвעˣ˽Լ͢ҲǵĹɷݣǽκαϣע˿̵ĲƲǺϷģͿԱƸԼںŪ٣һʱһҪ֮⣬ʱҪǵעʽ涼дŵġ
ǣ¹ס
͸ӦⲻǵȻԣһҲְȨ
֣еһ̼أ
һ̼ҾͲҪˣ
ҡҡͷ֣£¾ͽˡ


1040 
ʵǴƷֻǴӰƷǽЩŵĳԱ϶ɹ䵱ģҪѡһз棬ʵҲǳ壬մ״ʣ֣ʺϵѡˡ
͸ҲûʲôϾԷ֣ϵļ壬⡣
ΪʲôֻԼעᣬһ̼ҾͲҪΪҪ̼Ʒã̫ˣǷή̼ҵĻԣⲻ̼ҷչģǰˣڼŵĻô棬͢رԴҲӦõġ
շԸֽעŵ̷棬ڹҶԣҪҪˣ˵ǹսԵ֮ء
ʱգڹ˹ڴ伯ʽʾ
ȡбķʽȴûоۻƣǮѾ涨ˣļ۸񣬳͢ṩֵ֧ģ伯Ҫʮʽ𡣴ĶǼƻ飬˭滮ĸá
ôɵĿĺܼ򵥣ҪȫȨ۵Ļô۸ߵã͢Ͳܺ۵ˣھˡ
ͷɻɾг͢еء
Ǵû뵽Ǯôߣʮͱ˵ˣһ˿µģ£һˣҵܶ˶ȴûмôᡣ
ûйϵ͢Ѿ˰취
ǹɷƼţ齨Ӫʾдһ
ϸ涨뾺ģԸ˲룬ҪԹɷƼ롣
ֻͶʱ򣬵һݼԼˣҪȥעᣬб߾ͱעᡣ
ҲʵһĻͶ̫󣬷Ҳ󣬳ΪŵĻôվƽ̯ˣң͢Ѿ𽥽͢Ļｻ伯ţ͢ÿӸص˶ٻ϶ģǷǳġ
ܶ౻۸ŵˣֿʼˡ
ǿʼĴ߶ΪҪϣǶ˶Ŀڴ棬۸ͣҵҲͣǻǷǳġ


֣ң
ǸǸˣ
¬ʦԱһ֮ƤĨź˽
пЦ¬֣Ѿ¬Ҽ֮£ǲҪˡ
¬ʦЦлĹġ
˶ѣȻСȫͶ뵽ԼҵУΪһֵܴĺܣһҪ֤ǶԵġ浱̺֮ҽѧ֪ʶΪǲܽٵģԸ£һ˽ѧҽѧ棬кܴڳһ㶼ܱسתƣܡ
Щḻһ̡
Ǽ˲Ÿɵ£ҲһģϾ߸ԽԽȫǰҵͲһ£֣ȥӰƷС٣Ҫμӿƿ;ҲǸƷõǳӡºԪһûʲôʵȨһֱѵӪţ벻ˣôӾУɼ¬ʦôܣ֪ҲϲҲ̫ԤԷǾ仰֮ˮԾʹסˡ
¬ʦԲУΪ£
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ǹ伯ŵġ֣е֪ԪǱѾϵй壬һ伯ţǷҲһ
¬ʦȫûȤԪǹ壬һֱַóģҪʮ֮࣬ˣˡ
ȴ֣С
֣гŴеͷǣǺսġ
֮Է³˫޷Ǿ໥ƺ⣬һҶⶼǹٳ֮ڹйҪһ伯ţΨһԺ͹й忹ģɽʿ塣
ˣ֣еͷ
Ц֣֣һֱ̫Ը̸Ǯ£α˵أ
֣еԵǰ㣬ǲֵĻйܿܽһ伯Ÿ壬ɽ͹е֮ɽеʿҲҪֻģйˣǽǵҲǡⲻ֮ϣҵǱ鼰ȫģйȫߣǲĻǿܻʧ޴󡣡
¬ʦԵԪǳҲһǶ֡
ˣҪĻǾͲòɽʿڵ̺ĻĻҪģùйóѣǾͿԽǵĹĻĻùй嶼ˣǶɽʿǻԵĴ
⻰ǳеȵľϾͲûĹ塣
ۣȻЦǲһ䣬ȻԪˮϵ䣬϶ڽϣɽʿ嵱¹϶֮ʱ˶˽ϣй岢ûơɽʿҲвīӵܣҲٹⷽ鼮ڼɷ棬಻Է
֣еͷǿӯģǼв˶ǳֻƣ伯ţǶ
¬ʦĿһɨҲ˵ǶӦ
аȻΪʲôӦϽΪ˺֮ĩʵҲ˶죬ñ֣֣ˣ֮£е˴ΪͬɼĴ̣ĿĲ棬ܹŤתǶ˵Ŀǵֻһ¥ǿԲǮˣһҪ˾ˡ
Ц֣ƺǳһ
кǺǵΪܹϻɣΪôѾǵһأԼﵽĿģȻԣûеǲԡ
ȻԸ߰ͬʱҲǳУѧϰˣκѧϰΪС;ѧϰһַǳʥ£߰ĵطݶԷΪʦֻĬĬĹ۲죬Ȼ˼ȡõ֪ʶҲǵһѧϰˣʿѧԺĸѧϰʼΪԼܹıȺոá
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ЦЦԵδѡ
¬ʦԼǶӦֻӣðɣҡǺǣûչ¡
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ͷ
֣һƣҲ֪ô˵ǺãⱾģȻȫȨ


Ԫұ
ڣԪҳԱˡ
Ԫֵ磬Ī¼ҡҡڼҡԼҡҶӦǳţǵ֧֣һ伯Ӧòʲô⡣
ԪͻȻǾ֪ɽʿҲĴ߶ƺһ伯š
ģԪü
Ԫܵͷʮа˾Ųġ
ԪüǵҲ
ԪֺǺǵղǶ˵𣬳͢϶ƽߣһҶģ޷ƾͲؼ伯׳
а취
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Ѱȥһͷۡ
ΨԪܾϲʲô뷨
˵Ԫգ£֡
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Ԫ֮⣬ǻʲô
Ԫյ͸Ӵ˪ƵãƲƲ죬ֹģȻʲôûԪ¸ԪģҲԪˡ
ԪԪգһУװƣ㰮ô˵УҲһƽϡΪҲסԪգԪҪҲ£ֻȥˣȥˡ
Ԫͽͷȥˡ

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Ԫĵ̵Ԫܣ˵ɡ
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ԪڨڨͷϲʺϷȱǱ߶ǳ󣬶ǳ뱱¤ҵǵĵ̣˱ڴֻ涯ЩԽ䴬ӻýϰյϲ⣬ܰ뱱彨õͨǷչ˿֮·ҲĪİ
Ԫͷܽ⡣
Ԫպһ
ԪһΣ
ԪͻȻ⴬벻
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Ԫȴүүҿ²ô򵥣ʵ۵ĻǹøԾ۷ʽѡ񣬿ǹøδôɼ治ôƽ
ԪüȻˣβҺ
ԪĵҪǵĻ˵ˣȻû˵ɼҲв֮
ԪͷĵԲѾǹģͥùݺ伯ţѾʾһԪҵģϾǻɣ¶ȥĻô̸УͲÿˣǻǲҪȥˣҪտǻɣԪҵŮҲȡ棬Ļûɺɽʿ塣


1041 ˭ң
Źйɽʿԣбһ¾ͱÿǰļҡ
ûвˣԴ˷ǳעϾͷˣǴӳж䣬϶кϷ
֮⣬ҲĶһЩ壬ǰ治ǺܻҪǰӣɽʿ嶼˽ǻʲô
Ǽȥ伯ţȥ룬ΪԪģȻԪҶôȤȥ˵齨ţ֤ȷʵͼģҪԪҾҲ֪˭ף伯ŵ촬⴬϶е׬伯ŵʽʮᣬᣬ˭㡣
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Ҫǿž۵Ļ͢ǿԶ׬ٵǮǳ͢ʧȥƿأһȨ⣬յȻƫƿأ⼸ᣬ͢ҲᷢƵģûдǣһֱڴ̵£ٳǢ̸伯ŵ¡
Щ嶼ȥ伯ţô̾ѹСˣС˲ٵĻᡣ
Ǻϣģ彫Ǯ׳͢ҲǮ׳ԷֲС˳ɳϽдʽ̻гĻгģǮҲġ

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ǲ֪⼸ڣǰǰˣڰˣҶǴԹ󡣡
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Ц̵˵£ҵһľ⣬һʼ̸ҸķԸʹӦлͶǧȥ֪кϢĴ˲ϲˣ治֪㵱ΪʲôӦǽɼţǵǮҲ࣬ǧᡣ
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ɣľǻɣŽȥ˼д󳼻᲻ᵯ㣿
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ǲֹҲࡣɣľͻгһ޷ˣһ׼Ĵ롣
޷㣿
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ͱˡյǧ֪
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ЦͻȻʵգôȫŹ
Цжҵòһ·ġˣɣľô
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յͷæһӣҹȥĿǰԣӡˢأǻǷѧԺô鼮⣬Ǳ߻Ժһ֣ȥ߹ǣܹ˳񣬽սǷһ
ɣľģѾӵһ׿̰壬һǧ֣ͭʮľֽ֣ī֭㣬Էֿͬʱӡˢһܹġ
յ˵ͷǵʽΣ
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պǺǵǵĿѾͷˡ
ɣľ˺һۣЦԸ˰ɣ
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յĴ̣ϵˣ֮Ϸǳ죬϶ļ໥ϣóﱸʽҲﱸˣʵﱸʽأ˭Ҫ˽ķǳ֮죬ôʣµľƻ飬Ϊ򵥵һ衣
һݷݼƻ齻˻ܿͽβ׶ΣҲˣ͸֪֮ͨ󣬽رͶ꣬ûͶĸϽ
գʽرͶ꣬ڴ伯ŵֻжʮݣʮͶһҪʮᣬߵḶ́İٶ֮ࡣ
͢бǽڶ׶ˣ׶Ρ
ûйرյĻڹˣϹصţſŸʾм߲š
ССԱա֣СŴ󣬰һЩ۴ڣǰһСӡ

һ£ֻ뻮һйԱȫ¡
Ŵ󶼾סˣʲôʱ򻧲ôмأ
ʵҲûټɣգ֮һǳԵһж˵㣬ûκ˵üִ󣬻ԱҲûйȥ˼ΪʲôҪôҲֻԸʲôȥǸô˴ҶϰԵķӡ
һվţ˵ǻѾرͶ꣬͸ֵһݷݼƻˣǻǹۿÿһݼƻ飬ҲһζǵĿˣ˴Ҫÿһݼƻ顣
ԱΣͷðź飬ЩСܷܲͿһˣҲθԱѹҪСˣշǳࡣ
ûж˵۽һݷݼƻ飬漴ÿˣһݣȫǸסģⲻ˽ܣΪղˣǶֻǷֹǿ֮󣬻ӰԼжϣбţһ˻һݱű֮Ŵ־ˣּұĸȼȻͳһҽ
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֪Ѿʱ֣ϢһʱϢһʱ룬ղŽƻȫ棬ߵǿʲôӾʲôӣմãڻϢ׼
ڶϼ顣
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սеļƻͺǵĴֵӶȥ˶ǳεĿǿֻԵģĻǺգʵҲˣѾˣôӦóˡ
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һʧҲ˵ʲôĲ뿪ˣ㲻ˣ˳ɼҲٷŵİ


1042 һ
մӻ֮ͱŻʹȥˡ
ٷݼƻǰһ飬ŵβûſ
޲óϵˣȫȨˡŵ֣µĻνĹǸãļƻ飬Ҳ̫Ͼһ⺺ʵܵĻǻҪ󳼸ʲô
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εһ£ûģҲû˵ΪʲôһҪĿҲû˵ʲôÿҲͶʮݡ
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ŵʤˣȥԸ˸һͲˮ
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԰գݵݸ˺ա
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ֵ˵⴬룬д˵֮ԲԼ۸ߵãϣ˽ס
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Ҫ˽װ
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յѡ⼸ݣʵȷǿģǶǹ壬Ǳ伯ſ϶ǹйɽʿб꣬ʵҲ΢вݵġ
ԽԽԺʲôʱôˡ
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ǵ֮ﵱȻͷЦû꣬͢佻˽ˣʵҲðŷգ˱Ҫ⳯͢ˡ
ּ˵⻹ȫĳһҶȻ൱˭ұ֤֮䲻ʧҪ͵ķƽңҵĸڴֻûдĻǾͳˡ
һ㽫촬ֿǴ伯ŵ˭Ҫ벻촬ȥǾ͹ˡ
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յʵһ΢ҲһЩ֧֣нͶǧȥ޷ˣ΢ҲΪһֱǱˣ΢ôĿľҪֲƿش룬ΪУǹ壬ûʲôͼǺҲγɹֽܺϾǵĵλ̫ˡ
ҲΪˣ伯ţմ룬ôһͨȫͿȫٿˣϾߵĹϵ伯ŶڴģôŵĻһ׮ϵĵλͿƽȡôͿԽһ໥ƺ⣬͢ͿԸӴݵƿǡ
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յ΢µͬ⣬ʱ΢϶ᱻġ
κǺһЦҲ֪ѽ
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һʼûв´վˮģǺΪ뼯ȨôǵģҪ身֧֡
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κȲ裬ѧСӵģղŲôҵ
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Σ֪µ˼ǣ
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޵Ȼ㡣ЦŵͷػḶ́⴬벻Сһ㴬ʲô⣬Ҳģһܳ£޻ʵġ
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Ϊؿ˿֮·̫ǿˣɨܱǿУйλǷʽģǺϱɭ֡ǲԭǸԭͷκϣ˵ˣܻŻʤҪŵĻΨţ˲񣬻Σں죬ǳ
һλͰɶֻۣ֮һЩСȥɧһ£ȫȡϢԣΪڻЩôϲ䣬ҳһЩξֹͣеḷ̌ҲûսΨһӣξɱѹǼûԥ
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1043 䶨
ԹĽǶ˵ĽպͿգǸȫԵġ
һжΪյĵˡ
Ҳ˽ǹбһ£ѾϢһеĽڽʱ̹ġ
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Ҫ֪Ϊҵģ嶼УΪСɽ伯ţôٷ֮һ׬ǮҳԱҪ⵰⣬Щ˵ʵǿɼһ߰
޷ǶճɵģһЩ̣ɾԣǮҲܱȨĹǮκһȣǶȲ
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ԸԪ֮ܿ󣬾뿪ˡ
ǱɽѾһ֪ϢΪ֣оڻչǰϦ͵֪˽
ˣ
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бһ󾪺⡢޷ŵ˶ı˫֣ǶǱнҵΪ֪ԼʵбǶԣǾ󽱵ָоʵ̫ˡͶ̵Ҳϲ
ǸǷŭǶ̫ƽˣʾĹѪͷЩ嶼ڶУֱӳ嵽ȥץĹԱҪһףʵôۺǲѡǣѡʵļţè塣
ȷʵè壡
Աֱεگǿڴ伯ŵбģǻѡǵģǻʵ۲ѡǣҲûá
ʱЩ±ˣΪʲôҪôͿʼˣǲԼļƻŭΣȥ涼ǿԼģʵ۰ϵմϣѵ漰ԭ򣿻ʵ۲ˣǵ뷨ҲͶˡô֪һûõģҲ޹ġ

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үү⴬Ľǳϡ
ԪܸϻԪұ֪ԪˣΪһжǹø⡣
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Ԫܵ޷Ǳߵ˶붼ģɽʿҪʤǣΪ׵ˣ붼ǹˣƺѡ
Ҳ׷׵ͷ
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ʵһǳǿŮˣɥʧȨһҪǮǿ׬һЩԪҪԪܸں棬ǶڵģǳԶġΨжԪĵûƣһ£¾רŸԵģһǺգأһɥʧȨʵպ׬ģþȨԪĵû
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Ԫϣɽʿ岻ûǿԳûҺǶǻǳġ
ԪĵΪǲᣬɽʿĲǣɽʿôĻǾͿǮƴ⡢޷㶼ͨˣǶΨͼģûκν飬ƴɽʿƴǵģʱֻô׬Ǯ
Ԫͷǲ֪˼ǣ
ԪĵӦòȡ˵Ĳԣ˭ôʺǣ˭ģɽʿ忴ͬҲôΪһȨͻ伯ߡ
ԪһĿһɨԪǷ׷׵ͷ޳ɡ
ԪҲù֮ԪӦȨ
ðɣԪĵ֮ԣκһˡ
Ԫܵүүһţô£ǷӦ̸̸
ԶԶԣ
ԪԼţˣ˾ˣԪǰǲκǣƵģͬˣǳΪ磬»һСܸǻ췹ԣɣĵҪϽƻǾԪܳιмŵˣԪܸԪܡ
ԪȻԪһ֮ѣԪܳڻϵˮ·ǷǳϤġ

ڵգڻӼб̵ǣҲҪüʮˣĴҲˣԵ÷ǳӵЩ˸Ƿǳ˷ܣҪհ˱ڸлһ顣
ȣҪϲλܹб꣡΢΢һЦ
ңңⶼɵչˡ
ǰкɣ¶ᷢᡣ

һǴĺյƨҲˣںƿǵĲˡ
ⶼǵļƻңҿûչ˭
ҡҡͷֵҴҪ˵£ھϸڵĻվͻרŵĹԱǽġȣ͢ǷǳŻݣʣǶǳֻ͢ǵȥˡ
һĲѣҲ˽ģϾôԶ˷Ƿǳģɱ
ǡ
˵ţͻȻ£֪ЩѾҵı˲ٹȥǹųһḻĹ·棬ЩǾḻⲻ͸ǵģҪӶǵģڹнĻɻ̸һһֻ䱸һϾҿɲЩĹȥóͷģӶн϶ȽϸߣôḶ́ǶǮɡ
ô˵ˣﻹ˵ʲô㲻ǮӶˣ·һֱǳ͢£ḻĹ϶ڳ͢УǮỨǮ
ǱѾˣΪʲôЩ̸нΪзԸЩһලʩ
ΪǲһģǶ̣˿ԵһʱޣСʱ͵ֳӾҵٽѡ·ɱǷǳģһʦڣôҪ֤·Ļǳʹģ⣬Ǹ˷ǳϸı׼ȻĻҲôŻݡ
ռ˵ǰ˵ģ˿ǱԭͨöˣǱȱʳǴȥǮ˿ΪʳΪҲǲҪͭǮȥǱ߿ɲҪͭǮ
ָ֪һЩˣ˵ȫ⣬͢ڶɣǵĹڵأ͢פǵġ
˵һУʵû̫ĹϵҪǾҪЩеǣҪģ͢ѾǵķǳܵܵκίͷѵĻʵǲȥҲȥʱ϶Աеģ͢һֱֱ֣ɹԱǰȥĻЩһôƳԱˣ϶ѹģκͺյĿģҪһȻȻǱĬķΧУͳͻʾɵء
ھˣרŹԱǽģΪôˣҹֲһղܻһһΪǽ𣬲ЩԸˣЩڸ£ǱѾƻˣҪȥܡ
˰ʱ֣˽˳Ǯӵ¥ϯ͵Ŵ麫ջǺվܾˣôŬҪǺյģôյȻǳԷԼл⡣
йԱˣӴðڵǰԺƻͨ
նƱվλҪ˵һ㣬ⲻ칦磬ֻʹҵģ֪ˣԡ˵ɫֲ̿ѣҲˣƼȵģôôأͻȻ뵽һ£ЦǲΪǱ͹ְɡһˣһҲ˵ˣǹǿ˵ĳɼ
ԣ׷סŵֶô簡
ĿһɨЦͨһؿˣҶǵһŵ˽⣬һǷǳģ֣ҲһǷǳģԭҪɼģǿڴôŬķϣ־Ӧٸһλᣬ;˵ˣϣЩܹŬܲ׾ĻǱؽ̭
ߵŴ֣ĴָһǸߣ
㶼˭֪ԼǲǴҶƴŬ
ô¹ͷѻûյԼϣҶǳһ
ǽɻأǲܵģҪˣ˭֪Լǲرע
ֵ⣬齨رСʱᵽһλᣬȻֻһ룬Ҵһ鱱ϣЭ޽̣ұֻ֤Ҫ񣬻֮һǹԱȻԸȥҲǿġ
⵱ȻҪȥ٣ǲܵģƸ꣬ˣٺ»˲پͲ˵ˣؼи˭ҪȥǴˡ
ǶʮСϽվ˳ӯյлܹСһλᣬС˶ȫԸ


1044 ͹
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ҹȴ鷿æµ֨ѽһֻ˽ĵ£ɫȥϢˡ
Цлʺģ޿Щͻȥġ
֪ڿʲô
εǹȥĹ㿴ЩȥΣ
΢΢һ㶣ӹһһ㶵Щ˶붼ǹԱ
εͷǺսģΪΣ
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ЦûʲôҲľôŷǳ׵

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һߵ޷㣬ľԭΪ伯ſ϶ǵģϽ촬ǹԷ裬ǵȻռȻ֪˼ǡ
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ʵҲ֪Լ治յģֻΪԼȡһˣһʼǳǿƣغնԼﵽÿһĿһûдﵽôȫ̽䡣
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⡢޷ԵͷȻǺбġ
ʵյҪ͹ҪǮתһֵŻӰյĹòŻãǶǮҪǸʲô糯͢Լɡʵںտ伯棬ڳ͢ھ÷չϺ͹еϵԽУϵĲҶ˿ڷչ伯źֻԽԽã֧һ͹Ǯǻ׬˴ͷȥ
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Ԫܡһۣһоа


1045 Ψһ
ʼգ͢ǼᶨƵվ˰һߣǺһֱᳫģ͢վڰյĶ棬˵Ļǳ͢վ˰յĶ棬޷ģ˲̾͢ͱˡ
ԪܡǵĿֻһˣڵĻǾ˵ģ˶ǰѷۡ
ǡǡǷԵ͹ʹȻĹؼڣֱ͢ӽɢˣϾôˣͻȻɢȻ̫ʵ͢ౣ֤֧Ǽˡ
СɽžͷǳΣǮ㲻Ļ˾Ͳ壬˲壬Ǿͻ壬û˽˿ԸɵӮҵģȨףǱҪ֧͹ΪܷǮۣô͢Ļ˿϶塣
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պǺǵǾˮֻǿ໥ɫģ㣬ˮ뿪㣬ǻģ뿪ˮǾ·һҪǻŤתˣΪɲܰκһҲ㹻İ
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յȻѡ񣬵˴˶ΨһֻʣһҴĻô伯ŶһҴ룬ȨȫڴҪۣҲûа취ͬԣֻʣһ伯ŵĻôҴ붼ŴȥǼ伯ţĻȨȫ伯ţ伯ſ޼ɵѹֻۣҪˡ
ķᱣסÿһĴڣҲ࣬κһԪܺôֻǲһʼʧȥȨģϾƣŴҵ׳󣬴ҵĵλͻƽȣٶһţƽǲܱƵġ
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ΪѵԪӣⶫܹ˵㣬Ҫܹǳ͢ˣȵաﰵ̣ҲҪе͹ģƾʲôѹǡ
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֮⣬촬ҵ˹ҵȻҲüٴⲻǲܵġ
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Ǻ˷ǳʧ뿪ԪңȥʾԸ֧ɽʿ塣
ʧǣĴ𰸾Ȼһģһģǿ˭ĴҪԽ٣Ǿ͹˭Ĵ


1046 ֧
Ȼɽʿ͹йĲһޣǲδ֣ʵһĬΪķûһɵӣñ˭Ҫ˵ҲͺˣǾˣʴ˱⡢޷˵ķǳҪԪĴӦҺĻôɽűضҲĻ⡢޷ǾͳɹĽԼڷһǳҪλϣȨҲᱻץס
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νתΪأ
͹ֱ˰ɱӣһһܹҽʡʮˣôһҴһǧˣһǧÿĹн˰ǿɹ۵ġ
һ޷ֻ໥ǻû㹻ʵȥСɽģķûдκͬˣĻҾܸƾ£ܹ󻯣˵ĻֻԼš

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飬̫ʷݹ٣ʧԶӭˡˡ
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Ҳ࣡ڨڨһЦ룬Ūôãƽ̯һҲͼǮѡ֪͢Ҳͦģ¸¾ܽǮУԼĻ֤ȥȡǮˡ
ͷǲ֪Ǯ˲ˣڷ׷ȥ޽룬Ϸô깤̣ɻδػҪǸôǮƶἷͷƤ
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ڨڨΪ͢ǰֻаշۣδԽԽ࣬ʵܶ෽涼ҪôۣҲкֹܶÿ½ΣǾͲˣ˽Ҫ׬Ķˣ⣬вӻ
ټǽ˽ǧǹӪĿֲ֮ʲô˼޳ףǰӶᣬ˳͢ū֮⣬ٶ͹ÿ궼һңʵܶ๤ʱ䣬ҲشҰյũţģǷǳӴġ
ΪʲôռƶƷãΪĿǰĹӪֻǹڲѣ֪ͳνײǶôݻԽ϶佻ףΪǿ϶ӯģ˽ӪܾĹӪӪǰģǸڷԣʱ򣬾ͻӪ˽Ӫܵѹȣ͢ĲƸӣܵѹȻԽԽ࣬ôתˡ
ڳ͢ûгͷûǿ¢κһҵһҪԭ򣬾ΣûʲôãԣֲϲľΪʲôӦյļ󣬾ΪôǮЩԱһõĶ࣬УܾһЩĸᣬҲûƻƶȣʲô󹬼ǧֻʵ̫ѵˣոϽû˽ӪչӪģΪ˽̽
Ȼüͷһ壬ԵЩΪѣ
յʲô鵫˵޷
ͷ촬棬ֻٲֹȥƴֻ촬ͨۡʱ֣޷ǹ̸촬һ£ǲδģ촬ϣնʮḻ촬ȥǵǽЩḻĹȥͨ۾ʹУϾǶĹǮҪһЩ
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Ƕ˵ɽʿ͹йǱҪӽʡĴֻŻ¶伯Ǳ߲¶ҲҶˡˣһֻЩḻĹˣʣͨô죿
޷̸֮󣬶û˵ܵƸȥˣϲ𣬱ϽΪȽĴֻĹ˼һ´룬ôСɽ̻¶ĺܿӯֱϵǮ֪кɽţҪȽĻôԽ´ԽӯֻҪһЩʦͨǻҪʽѣûжĻô๤
ҲǽˣʣһЩۣǹΣѾˣô۸ʲô⡢޷ôɣһ㡣
ȷʵǿǲܡյ˵ͷ룬ȷòѽǽ񶼵ˣһЩУǹҲӦѽ϶ҲҪһЩԴǣĿǰҪӪģ˽Ӫģһüءң촬ֹҵĹֲһֹҵ֣Ȼǳ֣촬ҪʦЩḻĹö̧ľͷ˭ãѧҲҪܾãǼжū澵ģȻƳ͹ūȺ壬ǿ԰ģҲܼල㵽ǮܶǸ׬ˣĻг޷󣬵ӦûУ
ֻѡһЩǰȥǳ⣬ǲδǩԼЩɶǳ͢ˣɲ뿪ġ
յͷɣͲȡʽǩԼ
ʽǩԼ
˵ҪǩǩˣҪôһҲ׼ǩ
˵ͷǺãǻӦ𣿡
յģһЩƳΪȽĴֻܴ̾伯ǱõǮǿ϶ЭģֻҪԼǶĹǮЩͲģⷽһԳ̸ġ
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΢΢üƬ̣ʵҲҲץᣬ˲ˣ㻹ҪĻӰ쵽дԱ롣
ҡҡͷҲܣҲʱʱĹݵ֧屶࣬ʱĹҪöֻ࣬ʱѣҶܽʡãҲãĹݱıīֽôīֽȥأ
ﶼǻֻᱣ֤ģģԼǮȥҲǣϾٺǮǲˡˣ󻧲ƾ鱨ǻǼÿ衣һ鲻ҪǣһǾ޷죬Ҫϵǣǽһۡ
˵վҪȫ֧ܼ򵥵һԱǷ⽨ΪӴȺ壬ǵıīֽⶼӳ͢ãǺշ¥ıīֽ˭ǲܵ£ǰôãΪ͢ڳ͢ҲˣѾΡ
˲̰ȨҲ̰еǮôûǮʵ۷Ͷ֪˶٣룬Ҳԣ֧ҹȻüЩҲֻһˣҹǵͷӦ
̸֮ŵҽǰûʲô£ҪǸһϢ
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ԭǴ͢һСԺã¸ı⣬լӸǣطɴˣλüãɼǵԺլ㻹ЩԨԴ
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ʵ⣬һԱֳ͢ԺӣҲԸЩ뷭̵ˣҪ⣬ǾܵģլӶûˡ


1047 ܾ˾Σ
Ժ£ĿǰûпȥⱾҲһһϦ£Ҫ񣬾̺ʹ롢¡
֮ʷϵһ͹ڰ䲼ˣʵϸ˵ⶼ˵ǷΪ̲ʹ°䲼ģǻ䲼ģֻ˵ǹԼûɷҲֻԴ伯ţҵ͢ҲܿͨˣǶνΪǿǹҧǵûһϵ
͹вϸڣǲǳҪҪǹ涨нҲҪ˰ҪﵽİǮҪ԰סһ涨˼ڣڵǷǳ򵥣ǽԱһ롣͢ĸǿȥۣʵƳ˰治ߣôһ㡣
һǳҪΥ͹ͷ൱ģʮĴ⳥
ԪǵȻˣ㺫յķ¥ĵнǮƾʲôİǮһĹн԰ס̫ƽˡ
׼óǵķ¥Լһţָ˵Ƿ¥ĹǮǵͣսԼϹ涨ÿһ궼üӹʣǻôĸҪӲƽԼΪ͹Լѡɡ
⺫ոõнȷʵߣΪûʲôǮʱʶѣǮǽģҪϢҪȵǮʣ˷¥ĹǵģɵԽùʾԽߡ
ԪǾͲ˵ˣܹټֵյܲټֵܱԼɱҪһࡣ
ǲŻݣֿЩͲ˵ˣջŵڵغɽʿ޽һרۿڣһأ޽ֿ⣬йҲһֻط˹ݡ
Ԫܶ˵̴ӦԾǺ˽ܣǵϽƻ̫ҪݵĸۿˣҪȥĻǵûǮβ㡣
ҲӦˡ
Ƴԣ̫ҪȻʷйó׵ĳƳʱ򣬺˻ûôչ͢Լĸۿڶ࣬ΪûҪûʲô̫Σˣ˺ܶȻۿڶǻĵأ˷ѣ統Żߣȥۿڡ
޷ڿûո̸͹⣬͵͵ҵո״㿴ɽ͹вǣʡĴֻ¶ⲻǹҪó͢Ϊʲô죬͢첻Ҿ͸Ӳ˵ˡ
ղŲˣҪŻнϵǮҪô׬ֵõ׬ֻˣҳдԱҪǿǮ׬ôɣ൯ңӦõģҪǾÿ˵ĻҾͻˣǻûעᡣ
⡢޷ʱˣܶԸǣҲףɽ͹в޿ֻ֣ҪԼܹȡһʾ˼ǿ϶µģΪôȥ߶ǳԲѽ˭Ϊ˶éӱռס⣬Լľ⣬ô׷֡
ʵѾʼˣҸЩӹĹǣ˭Ҫܹ취͸ʮά𣬲нʮᣬǶ촬ֻܲȡؽ֮±·ĲԡǻǱȽϿ٣֮ĶʦǹʱŵĹʶҪˡ
ôջ֮£ЩڿʼԾˣǰڹǲҪôԾһӣǾһ£Ϊǲ٣٣ټнģûжûûҹʽֻҪȥල
͹ȡ֮ͬ󣬽ȻǩԼǩԼʽʵעʽС
֮䣬Ĵȫȫעϣ伯ţֵûжʲôԾһмţһɽţˡΪ׵ĳ齨ļţг˼ţ޷齨ļţＯš
һкյûг棬Ƕ֣г棬ΪкɽŶǹ壬ոǶԹΣԾͲˡ
˵պܶ嶼𣬱ǩԼҪ׼֪͢ͿԣͨûбҪ֪ǼҪӣҪƷô˭Ҳ˵˭ˣҶǱˡ
ͬʱ̵ǶѾˣǾ׼ǮĶǴŪȥ˾ܿȥ깤Ǯ׬˵ʵͿˣ̱ǲȥģµĹܼȥʵǵĹܼұǻһЩ
ֻ͢滹óûһЩԱȥģ԰ŹԱǰȥȥ֮ǰҪ󳼻ǿ˼λ飬˭ҪŪ£Ǿͳˣ̫ҪĶţȫǴˡЩԱ๤ģ̶ǻȥСͳܣйһЩ¸滮̷ֻ棬͢ɣǷֹͻʰշͻһҪЭ˳ִȥܵŪһֹĻɣյļƻȽƵķйȥ˵ƶΪ󶼻ѾȡһȨҪᲿڲԭͷȨ

հʱ֣ƣӻص⼸һֱڻæҶᣬΪŸոսֻôĿԱæöɱͷôãʹûôæµںձȽǿƣûи̸еأҪҵĹذ죬Ȼæһӣȥ˾͹ȥˡ
򣡡
һţһеĺ
̧ͷһֻվǰһ߿ŹϣһֺǺǵĳЦҲվһԡôˣ
ٺٵվͻˣٹվҪҵˣ˳ǻϢգþȫ
Ŷ
һţ̫æˣ¶ˡ
ٺٵû£û£ڿܹ࣬⣬ԵͱµˣѾ׵ˡ
°һۣкЦǰգǾ͸Ƶã򺰵ıȽ㶼һ£⵹һСӱˣһûпҿĲ㡣
һȴǳźյ㿴ҽ㣬߯ҲƲˣǵѧԱ׼֣һǰҾ͵˻ʼҾ졣
ЦӦþһģ⿼԰ɣ㿼˵ڼ
ڰ
ºߵֲǵһʲô
㣬ڰѾܲˣɱСѵӪǲԻҸǵĲҲôһ㣬һľˡ
ڰǲˣЦŵͷֵǵһ˭
£
һ
յͷҲ֮УôһʵԵ£յ͸ѾŵĲ࣬ԴҲȽϷģֻеΣԼȻ¸ˣǲӦõġ
ΪĹԼϵһ¥ԷûĶþͼųȥˡ
ȥƫ
ҳԷһãҸŮʺյĹѺô䣬ˣҲǺղ̸ֻΪҾǷɵĵطڼҲ̸£ˡֻǱȽϹԵ£ȻϣܹϻʼҾ죬ϾȥѵӪı࣬ͬʱҲǳģΪһһţϾҪˣСӾȻȥȾơ
ռοԷġ
극󣬺ƨƨߵȥ裬ϾۻˣҲ֪תˣºգȻѾȥκϴ裬ǿĴ󺺡
յȻȻܣͰɣѾں洷ģ̫ˬˡ
˰ʱղԡͰصϴˣһɫ˯ȹϣߣԸнģжһޱȵĸ߹
ˣ
һЦǿмȥ§ڻнƱһڵУˬ
ĵİһۣôϴôã
һ㶣һڣл˵¡
֪ͺã
һߣҪǿ̫۵ķϣҿɲȥźϴ裬Ѿˡ
պܺЦţ⻰˵ȥԪĵѩԲ⻰
ֵ˵ܹͨô
ռ浣֮ɫʵڳԷʱˣ֪ΪʲôѵӪҪһٻῼô
µΪô
̫ˡշ˷ۣΪȫͨῼʴ˸Ƕһʱ䱸뿴͢ôǮǣô޹
üһ壬Ȼ˵Ļֱͨˡ
յĻͻ˹أϾѵӪֲǰһڣһǾûаôʼҾͻ᷺ĵģɶ໨һЩʱ䣬ҲԸƻأͨԵģǲܵʼҾ죬ҪûаգҲῪ
һת˵ѵӪ
յͷ
µҵһ顣
սʲô飿
գĵ˫۵ʵѵһŮʼҾ죬ܾ˾ǲǺ
˰ΣЦͷ㻹뵱ܾ˾ǿ̫ۣ˵Цҿô
¼㶼УΪβУĹ䶷㶼ҵĶ֣ܶ񰲾ֵĻʼʹҿ϶ܹܾ˾
һŰ
ɺվȻ޷ȷʵ˵ûëʱήˣڨڨŮ˰
ºߵŮأ㿴Ůô뵱ͳ˧ǧºպսνǽüҪһǸҵ˵Ҳлȥսɳֻ˶Ρ
վȵ̣˭ôû˵ộͳ˧ǧ
µƽѹ֮Ů֮ޣ㾹Ȼû㲻ȥһ£ҾұǶʺϵʼҾ죬ǰ;壬лʼҾְ𡣡
Ů˻ǴǣЦ˵е˵ûãҲܸ˵ӵܾ˾ĻһñЦȥǰĪ
³Ĭһӣ˯齰ɡ


1048 Ӧ
꣬ѵӪѧԱӭǵıҵῼԭԤƵҪһࡣ
ʵУվ󲿷ʱڣѵӪǳӡտţǲǳӣǶ£úǹûΪǺΪѵӪһǳ̵Ļûûнգֻ̣ǲ֪θıЩ竣ʼҾľ
ʵæҪǱ߻ƺֱһգŸ˹
ѵӪһƬѻȸҵῼ֣տɷտĲԡ
ſڣ͵͵ſ濴˿Ҷȫע⣬ЦЦûнŵģΪУЩѧԱʤλʼҾ죬һ俴ȥֻԪһڼ࿼ºͳӶڡ
תһȦվȥ𣬿һţͼһ˼Ļ棬ֻ棬⻹㲻ʲôؼǳ޼ɾȻҲУԴӳ޼֮󣬾ͼûиͬ˶űдʲô˶֪⻭̫ˡ֮⣬гӺͶһԣڱĿ
ڸʲô
ȫͷԣ棬׼֮ʱӸϽӻ֣Ȼŵߣһ
ãȻĸų棬Сʲôأ
ӵºүү⡣
⣿
վ㵵ʲô⣿
ӵѧԱǿԾ
վȵº̫ξô
Ц⻹㡣
Ҹողİ
ºүүһˣǿԾ÷ǳȤҲѧԱһ鿼Լܹöٷ֡
ǻ湻ĵģհֹһ䣬ԭˣֵ﹫ӣǱǸ
Ӳ˵꣬͵ˣˣ֪ͦæģǿɶǹҵͷȴ£ãҲûȥ㡣
꣬꣡
չ֣˵ʲô볤ӻصڣκͳ޼ɷǳ棬ȫûע⵽ǺҲ뵽ĿĶС
˺һպȻΡ޼ɵıʶͣͬʱüͷ˼ʲôЦĬĵĿƫͷһֻӺͶ¶ǡ
պȻʶʲôգգۣĽĿ⡣
úðΣҡҡͷ޼ɣһ޼Ҳǳü̫ξĪҲʮסˡ
޼ɵͷһǲöϰ
תͷ͵ӡףգʱģ
ռæ񣬵΢һº̫ξ⣬ʴûҴűº̫ξ
һ˵̵꣬£ǶʮǺճģ΢Ҳ֪𰸡
κǲˬգֲóɷͱҳ⣬㿴ӳĿǳмѭĿһЩĪˡ
ʲôĪ͹Ī㻹ǻɰÿЦã鶼ûˡ
ȴ㿴ĿũǩһʥľԼԼ֮ûлǮûɴũϸũûлǮͽũ浽ٸٸζϴ˰Լ˺ˣⲻ𣿡
ӣ¼ôԳƾӵˣɹĻ±Ҫˡս͵£ĿѾũڷǳƽԸǩһʥľԼѹʣҾԷ϶Լ۾񣬴ɷǶⲢûд
޼ɵ⻹ûдɷڡ¡һԼǲµԼԼܹһ˵ǻҪɷ񲻴ҡ
յĻôʥľԼʧȥԼɷѾֻҪʥľԼǩӦҪִС
εĴ𰸣ӦִУ
΢ûô˵յִеĻɱˣ޼۵ģٶǮҲֲһôһϿƻ˶Լ۾񣬶Υ£ٸôˡ
ִвԣִҲԣ
յ㽫Ĵ˵ɡ
յ£ܷ΢Ȳ˵ǷѧԱش
εΪΣ
յ΢ڻشĻܱ¿ܻΪ΢ǿʶ´Ŀʱ򣬷Щǰһô͸Ӿ˵
οʱҲϾҪˣԴӦ޼Ц˾ˣȻǶѾ⣬βٽӶġ
޼Цŵͷµ˼
ӵӣɲܰүү
ӵ΢ġ
պ£㡪ôأ
ЦǲΪѵӪ
æ΢ûô롣
дͽѵӪˣ޿ûǣƽʱûµʱҲ￴ϿΣҲǿڲϵĽ¶ЦݣΪѵӪڻʹ棬ʹƽʱûɶ棬пչǸζһȥֵ֪տǹɷıԣⷽ棬Ҵ˿̫ξȣ̫ξһ˹ۿһӱԾ޺̫ξ÷ǳȤҲСӱĿġ
յ΢ֻ˸ı䣬Ŀ﹫ӳģɷ棬΢ǲС
æ£Ǻֿʽ΢Ҳ뵽ô⡣
ͱǫˣ
˷ܵĿ÷ǳһʴ⣬ܹ漰üɷҲƾģֻǽʷϼصİı䣬Ϊ⣬ĹݳⶼҪõĶࡣںôǵȻҲǱĲãѡ⣬⣬ж⣬ʴ⣬˼⣬£ǳҴƴ󲿷ɷȴһܿ꣬ǰһ
޼ɸͷ˵ǣǰĿԵЩƣԾ䣬ҽʵ۽ϣĿǴоģȤζÿⶼ˼Ŀؿ飬Ұձɿ꣬ȴһҲ٣ΪԽԾӦڿƿ֮ϡ
˵䣬¶֮ɫ⣬үүɼǳгϢȻǳİ
εͷҲȷд⣬ҪˣҲǿƾٸ֮һδ󿼣Ƿǳذ
ǰĿȤȤʫʿԣԼɷȤĶһһӲȻɺպͳӹͬһԾǳȤѡ⣬ж⣬仯ǰûеģԾϾûһӲĿǸһ̵Ȼ
Ȼõ˻ʵۺ̫ξʶôҲ֪Ŀȡģʽ⡣
ֵɣ⿼ʱܷ⣬Ҫȥ޵Ȼȥ̲ʹµĹԱһı߳ɼá
ܷ㣬Ͱչ߯ҲʺͻϮˡ
Ϊѵ£ⲻ̫ðɣһ̲ʹ˵ĻǶѿ
ЦǲСѽ̲ʹµĹԱɷ򽻵޾ͻˡ
ЦЦû̲ʹһ䣬ΪĿīسɹ棬ǹԱ˼붼ѾͣҲ֮С
̸䣬죬ԤʾſԽˡ
ֹ˰Σ࿼ʦͽԾˡ
̵ȿġ
ѵӪûҰ࣬ȫǼ׼࣬ʾǾӢ༶ֻǺһ壬һ嶼ǰҵ˳ġΪİ༶ҲƤİ༶Ǹ༶ȫǹӵܣθǽӴ࣬Ҫȿġ
Ǽ࿼ʦһϽԾóһ޼ɣȱĲרſһ⡣
˰죬ǻشִлִУûһ˸еǰһĴ𰸡
Ȼ䣬޼ɺǺЦԭ˰
æ̫ξĪҵˡ
޼ɸϽеԾϣ뿴𰸡
ùһһشǾ¬Ŷԭ¬ʦԵĵܵܣѹ֣ѹ֡
ĺ£ɷ΢
νԾֵݸӡ
ӽӹҲƫͷһ˶һȻı顣漴ֽԾݸա
սӹһЦǲĴ𰸣
յͷˣԼдǸ⣬ôԼ㲻ܶһ⣬Ҳٸһ⣬ո֮⣬ѪԼֻд⣬ûᵽѪô⣬㲻һѪһѪǾΥԼũˣôıɱ֮һȻҸôΥʥԼӦ⳥ũ򡣡
ʵǸݡ˹ˡıĿ
޼ɵͷȻȡ֮ӣ֪Ŀĺڣ
յ̫ξĻ˵Դڵ£ǷϾǵ£ϸԡԣԼǿԣȴǴʵģû˿һж񷨺͵£˿һߣָνںһҪǻˡٸִԼĻôȻΥ£ٸִеĻôΥɾ񡣻ʼҾִߣǽٺܶѵľ棬˼ɷ͵£ɷǻʼҾǻʼҾҲܲ˵£Ҫ㹻ˡ


1049 Ϊ
ǰǷǵ£дĹϵȴҲŲͬ˼ĵͷȻ޼˵̫ξ޼ǵ㵱˵⣬顢ɷָƽˣ
޼΢һҪ˵ⷨƣͲòس䷨Ȼһǿʼ˴һͳͳһ֮ɷڿ̣飬ʧʵ£ʲóáֲǲȱٵģǺۣټңȴҲͬʱǿƾҳɷŻŵ̸񷨲ãΪ̷֮Ϊ֮á̷Ҫ󡢼Լȶܵ˲뷸㷸ҪĴ
ƽس̣̾߶°ʴӡ
ǼԼɷӦԼˣðԱܵ˽ɷݣաʹɷҡǰص˴ìܡȶôȻҪÿһɷǧɷһ䲼ͲӦױ䶯ɷһʧȥȶǷͲǷֻԡ㣬ôɷ顢±ƽ⡣
ʵƳܹΪǿҲΪһõķɣԼһֿݵľ񣬲ΪƵ춨˻Ӫһݡƽгỷ
ǳ޼һȻ԰յģͳνײ㣬һֲ߻ķŰıһ㡡ڵˣʸ̸ɷȻУⲻһ£ζͳνײĶɷֻǵĴ򵽵ˣߣɷǵӡ
˾һۣǳԵĵͷ
Ҳǳ˵ȷʵãƳҲȷʵô̸õȥ̻գҪ̷̲ĴһŹѺʮˡ
޼ɵ¹ˡ
κǺǵǾͿЩѧԱǷ˽ҴƵɷ˼롣
ʵľһҫһ˵ľӣʵôܻῴûдľֻľЩѧԱɷǷϤκͳ޼ؿö붼Ƭɷ£ǰĿֻǴԵĿһ¡
ӡ¡˲δӺͶҪľģûʸȥľľһš
ƪдǺð
һԾȻԵúǼø޼ɣ˾ˣ㿴ƪ¡
޼һܿ˳˼С
ա˴жҲûпԾ

޼ͻȻЦͷƪӱǰһѽӵӶ̵ô
ãȻ֪үү˵ʲô
޼ɽԾ˹ȥ
ӽӹһպͶҲƫͷֻ⣬ɱ˳Ŀȡã̫ˣѾɹһ롣
ȴһƬ֤ģеĹ۵㣬ɱ˳Ǹ̬ɷǻ񷨵£ͲӦ־ɴڵǰɷһϵ̷֤ñ˵ˣƳɷҲִĳ̶ȣ𷢷ûҪغܶ࣬ɾ巢֮ĸһ㣬ô͢ĴҲȡ̣͢Ҳ˰յķﷸҲиĸģĸģ͢Ҳ׵˺ﷸĸĸ
дģ̷֤Ĳ˵֮ھǷԱ̵̺˺˵̷
ǿҲƵƵͷ
˼ΥӦܷȻģ̡ҪĿΪ˾棬Ϊ˳ͷɱ˳˼أ
޼߽֮С
ﷸ϶ҲаܺߵĿģбʵġ
ⷽ棬зȨΪҲ̹£΢Ϊд÷ǳԣ̺ͱܹõʲô辯棿辯İ취к̷ܶ࣬Ľֻ˺˵壬ܺ߳ڶɷΪάֹԼΰǰ˸ĹߡôĻͬʱҲչһɱ˳˼룬İûκεӰ졣ᳫһЩ̺ͱ̣Ƿǳõģֳܱµ˼룬ܲʵʵļֵ棬Ҳ𵽸Ŀġ
Եͷ޼ɵ̫ξΪأ
޼ɳƬ̣ҲΪһƬ˵÷ǳеҲҴ̵˼룬ͬʱ͢ҲӦùǵܺһɷܺߵòοǾͻΪɷǲģÿɽһ̷̸̡ΪۣǷ֮ˣǵʵĳͷⲻǸ跸˵ĳͷͬʱˡ
Զȡм䣬Ӳ߼ˣ⡱ĸʵֳ˳޼˼롣
̫ξ˵Ҳе
Цŵͷᣬܹдƪɼɷ˼ɷˣ˭дã
ŶһǴдá
ԭϡ
Цŵͷ޿˲ٿʿѧԱӵܶԣôһԣֻ˵йоأûǰһ
̵ʿѧԱѵӪڼ䣬붼ôʶ֣ѵӪӴҲɷ鼮δܹ֮ôһ⣬ΪСͶҡҡҵȷ鼮֪ϵ˼룬ܽ˼Ӧɷ֮У˼ˣҲ޷дƪ¡
ĬõĶͻȻҿҲȻڸոѵӪʱҲ϶֪˼룬ʱߣ˭Ҳλ԰ջ֮ģΪ˹徫岢ԴԼ˭ԴƷС
ڨڨЦ¹ˣ
ȴһһ˵һ
ιһЦ˵òԴ徫ѵӪѧԱһƵãʵǼû޷ǳлΪôһĻʼҾ졣˵ޡ
Ӽæ˹ȥ
ִдĸ֡徫񡣽ʷ£ǿĵ޼ɵ˾Ϊ޵ĻʼҾΣ
޼ɺǺǵûǱ̲ʹµĹԱԾˡ
⡪Ѿ׼ˣ
԰գεȹЦ
һαͳ޼ɻȥˣʵȥЩѧԱ̫˼޼һһִжϣʾջۿġ
֮󣬺Ǳȥʳã̸֮ſһƣֻѧԱΧһƽʱĿαڶԴ𰸣˲óԷ
죡
ξ޼ȷֺյġ
ѧԱתͷһ׷
ջһ˵ҽղΪ㹻ǣŲţ

񸱶ѾΪɼͬƷȻûǰǰˣǶܹġ
մһꡣ
ɺƵǸ죬ôһ˵;߯Ҳαˡ
Сӹһȥαұȵù㡣
յɺһֵۣڸʲô
ǡ
һѧԱɵЦ
Ц֪ڶԴ𰸣ԼôҸǣûҪͿˣԲҲı䲻ʲôǴʱӦüоȥһԡ⣬Ҫţ˵˵̲̣ƽյѵǷǳģܹǷǳˣˣֻǱҵˮɣҶԴ˴δй㻳ɣһҪһ㣬Ǿģû֮һң˭ģ
ģ
ξ޼ŵһ竳ɤӸߺ
ôһ˵һ¾ˡ
ӡҲϰˣǺյڣ⻰˵ڣǫģܸߺԼġ
ɺͻȻ죬Ҳˣ
ղô֪
ҿµĻˡɺƺٺһЦֵ˵ɶ
һЦ²ˣһԼǵľӡ
һֶǳˡ
̵ǲýţ·ǳмӣǴ¬Ծõ˱µĸ߶ͣľӻбµʱľӻȥ㳤ǰҫһһҪҫǣ㵱ѡǶԵġ
¬ﶼܿģֲñ¶ûк㱼ţֻǺЦš
ҷ׷׿¬ﶼǼĽֿġ
ɺƼǡҵأ
ûУ

ɺƶʱһį
ļ򣬵ȻûһһǱ¶ǵıַǳ⣬ԼǵŬ൱϶
ξ޼ŵǱջô
Բǿջ⿼Բǿ
ģյͷϽԷúϢȡóԼ״̬
һѧԱ׷£ŵһߣڴڳ
ա¡ȥ䣬ֻһ棬Ŵӡ
ǰɣԪӣԸȳǡպǲ
ԪһһĨҵȻỹȥٳһ£ûпյǡ
סˣЦ벻Ԫôش£պһڼ࿼
ԪһֵæҲæһգЩѧԱŬ꣬һʲô۽˼ǣΪҸһǽͲˣûġ
٣ôӣЦҪҪù
ԪһգգۣȻ뵽ԼĹøʱһĵЦáգ֣˵ģ˰ϲˣ
Ǿ¥ô
ա¡Ӷͷ϶ʱðߡ
ǵĲ˸ոԪһĨ뿪ˡ
ЩͷԵ벻Ԫô
µйذɡ
һ㶣ԣ
µͷСԶ־ҲΪ˸˷ǳŬǡһȻƽʱΪٹκˡ
յͷ

ڶգ峿ʱ֣ѧԱǻ糣ʮȦȻȥʳԷǺôҪֻѾΪһϰߣǻصϢҲܲ
æµǵĺǣھΣտʼ˽⿼԰ţȻƶģʱæûзԸķǳϸ£ǽɡ
˸Щ̹ڲٳӲʱſڴһ֮תͷһֻһȺ˴˽ΪһΣ߻һŰϺǰ߰˻治ࡣ
Ԫһ𾪲ѵôˣ
Щ˶붼ʮͳ˧ûʮˣֻ˵ʮѾ䲻ǵˣñ˾ޣξپԪϣ⻹вٿ󽫣簢ʷ䡢٩ƃ⻹һȺѦʹ˼ګ̴˼ġΤۡĽݱڵĽ졣
г̴˼ġΤټϺպͳӾͷǻδ棬Τ۱ΪŰһˣܹؾǣԣһֱѾۻᣬҲû˵Σ˼ôһֱǿѹڼƽʱŶó
̫ˣ
ԪһɵˣҪô


1050 ǲ
ʲô
ôƵ˾ᵽˡ
룬աӡ¡Ԫһæӭȥ΢μ¡
񣡡
һŻʵۣһȺ佫ôô죬⻰˵䲻䣬ǳ佫ǱƳķЦ֪տշģصҴƺպĴ󽫾ָһѵӪѧԱǡ
ƃµ£治ϳԸָ㣬ĶһЩСޣ˶ûɱָҲָ㲻ˡ
ʷŹǷɲôʼҾ׽ģ̲һ¡
һȥȿȿȣ
ֻһһͻȻֿ
ξپ£겻ǰݶˣɫ԰ףҪһԷţȻв
æǰе㻹ðɣ
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ͻϿ֪ξپ·ǳ͵ģҴڵˣЩ飬ʷҲ˵˵ﶯŭ
ξپɷϷıҲ棬ҪеĻ͸ȻȻϷҪж͡
˼ګͷ͵Ц
ʷƃˣξ޼ȥ򣬱˵򲻴ùξ޼ʮȭξ޼Ҳǻؼɣξ޼ŴһȭǿɾͲǻؼˡ
֪ξپµıƢϽȭϴ
Ĩһ亹⵱ҴƵԪ˧ô
ûйǣϰΪˣƳʵ̫ٲɤų֣ǻܴ񵱳Ҳǳǵһɫơ
΢΢ղ˵ﰵֲȥ˵ʲôãһˣôһҪѧԱŵӾѾˡ
ʵջǵ͹˻ʼҾеĵλȨ֮һֱǳػʼҾģһʼҾǰšʼҡ֣Ȼӡȫģú˵񰲾ֽŲǰûеģÿһλǧʷ
ΪʲôЩдΪ԰ڣβǺôϲˣҪ»ǶڻʼҾӣھǳΪڴǶ콫񰲾ָⲻϣġȻյĿҲġ
ʴεûи£ȫûʵ˵Щȥ̨֮ϣһſš
ۿʱҪˣѧԱ½ٳϣһ̨ϵһȺǣɵˡ
ƾٶûݰ
Ǵ巴ӦĿ죬Ͻѧμӱ£꣬꣬ꡣ
˲ŷӦϽ񺰵꣬꣬ꡣ
վЦǺúÿ޶ʮֵġ
һȺ͵͵ΣŲٳһȺδɵСƨĲмʲôˣսĴ󽫾ʬûһҲаǧɽģǶмһˣҪʱ⣬ڼҸСҶⰡ
ѧʥ
߶ǲġ
вǰĴǶӵĲµĲµĲµıܲ
Ȼξپվ޼ţүүĪҪ£һ
ξ޼治£ӲӳүүôСͽӴЩˣúܣߺүүģһүүүүŶӿԣֻܱ֤Ŷõһ
úúãһСξپµͷ
ξپ£﷢ʲô죬ҲЦЦԼ˻ȥ
Ԫһǵ
¿յգֻܿȥˡ
۶£Ľ춼˵ˣ˵񾭳ƱƵáһЩѧԱٳվ˼УŶˣⲻƲа룬ôƣ涼ôжšţֻԶˡͻȻϣ
ϣ
ϣ
ѧԱǶɵģ⡰ϡʶľȥվλײһ
գۣٸһλĻԻϸ˵ѧԱǣ뼯ϡ

ƃȴǶЦ
һΣֹƽʱ
С£Ƕ̫ˡ
λȻֻŸʼҾĹ⻷ȴû뵽磬ʼðˣⲻŪɳ׾ɡ
ѹȫںˡ
ȵЩѧԱòվöӣǰȥһԭҲ˵ģΪҶΣһ仯Ҳò˵䡣ǿͣ˱֮⣬д˾գ󽫾󽫾󽫾ǱۿģǴϿʲô
ٳڽ
ƃźգ߲ư
ǲмӣǳЦǶǵĲأЦֻһȺδɵСޡ
ͻȻս˫ȭĭɣµôһ̿ʼѾһҵԣһսһϵսϴͲǿʩģҪԼ˫ֶģܹӮһսǣǴδϹսǽְҲɱУѵӪһֱΪһսʿѵ˶ٿ࣬˶ٺ˶ŬκһУһεκѾͳΪҴĲӡǵķң߱£˭ҴΪĲӡ
ʼҾ죡
ѧԱôһ˼͸Ż⣬·ʧȥԼ˼룬͸źˡ
ºԪһһۣƵʵ̫ǿˡ
ƃߵСӻ紫԰Բѡ
ˣҪǴĲӣǵĲɶ
һӾͱýš
ܺã
յǽҪʲô
Ӯⳡ̣
ѧԱߺ

յӮⳡ̣Ƕǣ֪ʲô˶ʸáʼҾ졯ٹ⡣˵֮ĴһָպָΣϽһƫգޣһƫɣδˣһƫָƃ
кմͷѧԱǶˣ˫۶ðŻ⣬ٱ۸ߺ
ƃʷ䡢٩ȴ󽫾ҲǷ׷ðŻôҲԪ˧ģЩСƨֱӶս
Ψξپͽ˷ܵúúãǳţ»㵨ûУϻʼҾҫ
룬ҪǽսǰϦܹúߺɤӣһ°
ĿغսĺŽѾˣһɫưɣ
𣡡һѧԱǿʼ˷ˣϴô˵ˣǻ¸ƨî˾Ҫ
˵꣬վȥǽ̹ٶɵˣ˫Ⱦ͸ǦƵãôҲǿɶǾˣŵĶǵ˾˾˾ھлȥô
ԪһϽվжӣ
Сգ㻹ǻȥˡ
յҲǱƵ·ˡ
֪ûа취ڶʱڻѧԱǵĽôֻһţѧĽǶȼģŭΪϣҪڷŭŭȡţǽ޷ȡŭ
ৣ
ԪһĿٶѧԱųĶ飬ͦأ뻮һת
ƃ˽գգۣ·ղų˻þ


1051 Ӣ۾
ˣ
𶯣Ҷ䣬εǰĲˮ
ٳϾֻ뻮һĽŲÿһŲ죬ôĳƺأ·̺޾ķŭ
࣡
ƃʷ۾ŲٳѧԱǣֽץסԵķ֣ξپΪţԼ԰׵ǳϺɫҲ֪ǻعⷵգ߻ħ
ֳصĽŲЩ˧ѪҺˡ
ȻûȴΪھ˵ĽŲ
⣬ξپ¡ޡ˼ګǺǰ˹ۿѧԱʱŸոѵãƷͽȫ¡뻮һ뻮һĶǿˣȻ𾴣οЩ˶붼ûп̫˼ˡ
ˣ
ӴĶߵٳм䣬ԭ̤ĸʼ仯ûһ˿ң·һ
εʮ˵ķ󣬿ʼ벽ǰߣʣ෽ͬʱͣ΢ţ˫ַڱ󣬶ȫ뻮һġ
Ǹǰһ죬һеĶȫֹͣƃĿⲻɨ䣬룬΢΢죬̫ˡ
񣡡
Ԫһһȣ
৵һ죬ʮѧԱͬʱӶԼ֡

ٽŵˣܶ˲֪ʲôͻȻôһ£ô롣
Ŀһɨ¶ЦݣϣЦ֣Ͳû˵һ䣬ͬ־ˡ
õʵ۵ĻӦͬʱ
ããã
Ʋסޣ̲סкãǶǾ˳ֶԪ˧ǵȻҲڻ룬ԼľİҪľ˵ӡ
ƃʷͻƾľǳ壬žͿԣô뻮һƣҲδզһԼǲۻˣ˻Ӱ
˼ګ٩ҲĿɿڴôǰ޷ģʹĽѵĲӣҲ߳ôرǵ˼ګɺʱ룬Сʲôʱôˣ̫˼ˡ
˼ġΤ񰲾ӾͷɽƵãżһʱ˵͹ȣȻ񰲾־Щ竵ģһȺզǺѽ˷ˣЩ˿ɶҵĲ¡
ηǳλ䣬޵ĻʼҾΣ
ƃĴָ͵µĻʼҾҴӢĲӡ
Ҳòⲽһ߳ȷʵ˧ҲȲϡ
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ЦǺǵɷһϦһɵģ
ƃ°ͣٺٵ£ǻʼҾ컹ôպóˡ
£⡪Ҳ
ڸʲô
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һȺжɵˣڿʲô
ҲĿɿڴ
Ǿ֮Ԫһһ£µ©תξ޼šϹơͳȥˡ
ٳжʱ
һľǽǰźܶ๤ߣй嵶ٶȽãȫһûгκεײȻѵġ
ñ󣬼˾̳ϰһɶߵľǽǰξ޼űľǽţһϹ̤ϣԾǽȥξ޼˺󼸲һ棬ץĽţԾľǽ
ã
̨֮ϷһҵĽкζѡ
ÿһϰͨͨ˵Ҳﵽ˼£תۼ䣬ǱϽǣƬ̣Ȼξ޼ԾϱϰŻٵľǽ֮ϣľǽ֮ϣ˼ƣͬʱȡ¹Ϲ˴ڵһ
ܱˡ
ӴЩŵһû뵽ô棬Ū˳
ಣ
ξ޼ڸߴ伸˲䵽ˣξ޼ŵڻ£ϹƺԸɵˡ
ãúãҵĺ
ξپ̫ˣϾˣ书ǿξ޼£·𿴵ԼʵòϿξ޼ξپ¡
ҲǼѣѵǴδģﻹзǰ벻⣬Ǵ
ϹƸƵãɿǿɴ÷ذ׸¬ھ
ξ޼ŸϽҿֽϵݸǶˣǰȥһɶߵڳǽĽṹǰһԹסʵȥ̤źŵľǰߡ
οľսôߣҪˤҲȴûע⵽涼ɳӡ
ʱϰҲܼģɽССһСݣСǷյģȴǳģǽûУⲿֵĿվں棬ע⵽ǼСݣľͰżˡ
ѧԱą̊́ϵĴǶס˺
ֻϵĵ˴ϰ߷ɳξ޼һϸߴùϵڻǳ档ȻһЩˣп֣ñΣúܼǼ鷢ȴŵ⣬רҼģϺܶ඼޷֣ǲϵðһͷԭô棡
Ƕǳ
ͻǰܼϰ󣬼ǼСǰͣϴӸַ϶Уۿڵһ֮ͬʱŴ룬ĵˣֵ߿ǰ浾ˡ
һ˲е߰˸ˡ
ɵúã
̨к
һĻǹЦ
ֻǴľͰоȳĵŮ
һʵ
û뵽Ů
̫ˣ
ζЦˡ
ӵյһӢ۾ǱĲð
պǺǵʼҾ죬Ӣ̬֡
ں¬Ůϵƥһһôѽ
ԭҶΪˡ
ɶʱ䣬ɱ
ߵĽ׷ס
һֻʮˣŵ˳˳Щͬʱһ
ڡ¬ȥξ޼šϹվһţóһСȼ˳ȥ
̨ϵĴжһһ㶵ģʲô⣿
ܿ죬ǾˣֻŨð͸һսϢ·ľһս
ʲô
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ξ޼ŲŹЩŨеĵˣϹһξ޼ţȥ
ǰξ޼ǰһ񣬿ʼ»㱨񣬿Ů˴ǵӢֻۣж¡
ֻǵ©Ȼñʴ
һԵĺյ﹫ӣ¹ˣ㿴Ů۾ֱˡ
һ⻰˵ģĪðһ˿ˡ
㱨֮󣬼ȥǽϣеȫ£عԭ֮ǰһûС
໥֮䣬ǻһƣû¶̫ı顣
̫˧ˣ
Ҳ̲סˣΪźཫ˧Ҳ׷ƽкá


1052 ƾѧԺ
һʼĲмӣ𾪣ٵѧϰЩдǵ̬ڶ̶ʱڣͷ췭ظĸı䡣
ʲô
Ǿ
Ϊеϸڶֳ˻ʼҾľڣ˵ʱȽߣڻȻٳ룬ؼŮǷǳӢģȴŶӵӢ壬ûиӢ塣
ƵһԪ˧ҲǸе̾ѣؼ⼸ǰǳ竣ξ޼źˣ޶ɵȱʵ̫ˣȴôı仯ϸоһ˿竵Ϣ룬ѵӪôҲԼӲμѵӪɲԼӱΪ竡
ʹ
ͻȻ
ջͷޡ
֡
˹ȥ֪˾кηԸ
޼ð̵ô
ཫҲǺźա
յѽȽϤ
ֿ˼ګ
˼ګĪҴδϤ̸ˡ
ЦĪǵǳ˶ˣ
˼ګ͵һ˵
յͷ
˼ګȻ˶һ˶һڴǰɱգȻһ񣬵ҲĴøһɶ˼ګΪܴ裬һŮӳ嵽ĴӪĿ£ĴӪˣһȫˣֱ˶ˡ
Ҳ棬⾿ʲô
æʵֻһ׷ۣȼðֻСģĳͻڴսĻǧһ壬ͲЧˡ
޵ͷ΢΢¶ź
ȻٳϣѰȥֻһѾʼһٷ硢ɺơԺĽۺĹ
Ҷӣ
Ľݱھϲ
˼ګעɺƣɺĶǳοǶһˡ
ʵҲǺǿģϸȻξ޼źǳǿģڡ¬Ͳһ㣬ɼϸİţǿĺķһŶӣǿ
˵ÿضһģǾ̫ȤˣҲ̫ˣξ޼֮󣬳Ʋǽ֮⣬忪ʼ仯ҲϱɵˮѵӪΪһؿԣҲ˹˸ˮӣƾˡ
ǡӢ۾⣬ҪʼҾ
ݲͬ壬չֳͬϣ˿ۻңЩϿɶпõģΪﶼһЩרҵʿƲǣֻó汾ƃʱʱͲĽкãɼܶණǰһ
ѧԱǲδ˶еģѾȫ״̬ﵽ״̬ˣˣʮһС飬һһϳһһɸߵľǽ
ҲǴ񫣬㵽磬ҲöӶѾˡ
Ϊһһϣһ˺ķѵʱ䣬Ҳ㹦ٶҲҪ̫ãȻмҲ˲⣬Ŷӱһ˲˶ʴ˶ȫ˵ͬ飬ⷴ˸ܵǵŶӾ
ʱ֣ȫˣֻ˲һûͨ
ѧԱĶ飬̨ǰξ
һȺдȫƣ
мижҲΡ
ƃһɴ󽫾ǿɲһȺСޣ˲ˣؼǾ̫ˣӢ۾
һѧԱֵĲֱ꣬ͦ壬ǶԼϡ
ǰˣƽҲƽжѾ˵һУҾͲ˵ˣʳǱѾΪ׼˷ḻķˣɢɡ
ǰһ˵ǽȻ෴ҷǳ̣ǱƸɡ
һѧԱ֮󣬶ʱδңһѷĳʳӿȥǲһа
ֻţѰ˼ǲǸ˵ϼ䣬ָ˵ЩʲôҪ˵ˣҲ׼ָһ̫飬Ǵ࣬뷨
ǺոûиᣬΪ˵ˣƸ½ģǲҪǵָ㣬ֵˡǣǿЩѧԱɢʱﲻѰ˼ţѵǰһжǻþһȺ竡
ջعͷһΣæ£΢΢ϰԵǽɢˡ
һһЦ޷޷޵Ǻ棬Ϊôȥʳã
յŶҲϰ߰ɣΪƽʱԷʱ޶ģֻΪԼȡԸʱ䣬ǿҲǽûʱ޶ġ
ƃ벻ôϸ񣿡
Ѧʹ鲻Խ޷ôϸ񣬾ܹѵô𺳵Ķ
䣬ʳ洫һ󻶺£Ц£΢ܹƴˣֻףͨ
һ㶣漴Ц
ֵ£˾գλѾϯº͸λȥЪϢ
ξپ¿Ե£ȥɣϷȥʳǱ߿
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Цŵͷһ˱ǱȤ
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Сӣû󣬵ӵǲСҪһЩɫƣֻ֪ɱ˶ô
ôɫƣ
ƃʷ䡢̴٩˼ĵȹѫǶźգѹںǲôǿ׳ļϣҡĺͷת˵࣬Ǳֵͣǿɲ಻࣬ڵĶǽ˶ڣ˭ô
οΪһ亹Ҳֹˡ
¡ӡԪһǹԹԵһԣ뺫롣
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һ죡
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̴ϽǮһֻһ·϶ǮôôǮ
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ΪҪǣһǮһǶΪĿ
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ʷͨ죬ʰǶǮ뻳ݺݵźա
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ȴ޺Цݣ˺
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ƃδ˵ɣѵӪĿԻ˴۽ѽⶼ˭ģ
յѵӪǽŶӾһƵġ
٩ǡЩ˴˼أ
ŶһǶУξģ
̵ɹǫˣʵЩеһЩǺģҲǽˡ
ƃȵɣ˵һˣôЩ
ιЦƃĪǴ˷ƽ˭ͳ˧ȫ˰ʷǺ³ȫģ
ԶԶԣô¸ˣɿҲǳࡣ
ƃŵ
ǫ󽫾ˣʵһжǳɱµ¡ƵǱ΢΢ҲһС
⹦ɾͱˡκǺһЦﵹǷǳģʵÿһ󹦣йϵΪƸΣŻкյ㣬ǧҲҪֵģյգǵⷬȻ˴۽磬޵Ƿǳ棬ΪôţñȾԼͬ;ȳŮ
ٽҲƵƵͷ
Цº͸λ󽫾֮ԸеΪѵɱˣΪ˾ΪսǻʼҾΪΰΪ˰գǴ壬ôɱΪȻԾΪ
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εͷһζȷôţܵʼҾĹԡ
ƃǶⲻȤգզѵ룬ȥɱȱµĽҪӢһЩ
ৣ
˵Ŀⶼںϡ
޵ҴģĪں˴ƽ˧֮ʼҾڼɺα֮ϣҪʤڷɻ
ѦʹҲͷȷкܶ˳Ƶ֮
ЦⶼǶУξѵġ
̵ҲѵѵǺġ
ƃһת࣬ƷױԲһ㣬̫ŪǶºãؼôƯ쿴Ҳѽٺٵ£ϷУϷ
ʷԪһСҾаɡ
ѦʹҲǽǣǿڵĶǴУֲֻա
Ԫһҡͷл󽫾ĺ񰮣Ҳ̫뵱
һ̫ԾѽۿģҵǽǵģǺǵУξԪУξѾ񰲾־ְˣ񰲾ҲҪǣǾͱˡ
˼ġ̴Τͬʥ
ƃͰʷ׷ױЩһǶѵϣռéӸɶ
ͻȻ£΢бࡣ
һ㶣˵
µ΢ΪԽѵӪӦھ档
У
Դһͷ
ԣһ
գգۣӦھ棿
µͷѵӪѧԱֻȱʵս飬һ˾飬ܹ̾ΪһֱĲӣΪؼǣǸ֣ܹǳ׼ȷ֪ϼսƻҳĵͼ٣ֶ֣սָսĽ٣ɶЩͼ٣ͳ˧ܷ׼ȷͳ˧սƻǹغս֡
΢ǷǳԽ佫ƾٵУо̲һ˵£һȺ壬һµĽʿУҲǾƴӮģԸжϡ΢½ѵӪӦھϣΪһ׵Ľ٣½ٽǳѵӪѵʿһҲͳһģôκͳ˧ĸ۳帮ıҲֽ֪֪ΪҶǳͬһѵӪ
ǺЧӦûкվûжµһС׳־ɲ뵱һ죬ĻھУʱʱ̶̿ڿǿμеĵˣһߣ̫ϲ۳帮ʿʲߣϣȡߣŴѵӪЩѧԱĳɳͱ仯ͿʼеԭΪʲôǷԽһֲֻС
ҲⷽǳʵλΪΣ
ƃ̵ҿС
ཫҲ׷׵ͷ
ͻȻУξİ취ȻУϳΪٲȡٵ岻ȫΪ͢˲ţΪҪǱʾ͢ӾӣǷǳбҪģѵӪĻо֮ȥѵӪѧϰ
¼æȭ˾˵ǣǱְǲܡ
εͷȻλ䶼ÿУ֤ȷʵܹҴƾӰٳ߸ͷһǾͳһҡѵӪӦôƺأ
ڵƾѧԺ
һֺãͽдƾѧԺУξȻģһϸ³
΢һȭֵ£֮ѵͬҪܵήʿս΢ΪҴӦüֶսʿܹսеõĥ
Ԫһüͷ
۶µƺл
µ£Ѿɨƽ΢֮ҴӦó߾δɵ־ոɶΪйӵܱѩޡ
˻һ̱÷ǳ΢
ͳ˧Ǵ޶͵͵Σ佫þͻ֮ͣͻʧȥƽ⣬佫Ȼ̡
ɫȴЩӲĿţЦݡ
ʱͻȻվ£һ΢˵ˡ
εʲô£
յģ΢ڼ֮ΪЩѧԱһҵϣº͸λܹϯ
ҵ񣡡ιһЦȤȤ޵ʱһϯ޾һлΪôһĻʼҾ
Щͳ˧һۣжһĨ˲ʧ⽨Ķޱ顣


1053 һս
ԭⳡϯǿĵģֻµһ仰ݲճ
˵ǲ˸߾
ùƃСʷ˵
ʷܰɣϾǰҳ޹
ƃҴƾӺɨķӾͻһ߾

ο
̴˼ګʵ
˼ګʲô£
Ȼǳ߾̴
˼ګĬ֪Ҳ̸¡
߾ǳ֣֮үүҲˣҰܶ飬ܶӵܱڸ߾Һ߾ȴǺһѩǰܡ

㷽Ϊβ³߾
˼͵͵ޣСʵ
޵֪ʲô
˼ĵȻ֪Դս֮ǿУԱΨ̫ʥ߾ȡôʤΪڰгһսʧܣ޹һ߾
бĿһƳ˼ǲ˵ˡ
ȴǳ̾һʵ˵ò߾ѳԲ
͸Ž
̫Ҫ߾ʱ󳼶ֹģΪȴǼᶨսɣڳһ߾ʵָ߾ҲһֱӮ޺ڴ÷ˮ򣬵Ϊӣټڵʧܣջ˱ʦس֮ɾΪżҲң¶ģһҪ֮꣬߾ֵԣôˣܲż

գ߰ɣ
ԭѾ͵ǰ׼ȥˣκȻ˵

̾ǲҲ˸߾
һ㶣ûôΪҶ¡
ޱһ̧֣ЦҲûйǶ¼ҹսڸ߾ľͶʮˣ뱨ҲΪӣʵҪ˵ˣҲ˵߾ռԭɶвҴƣƾҴ߾һѪһսҲ⡣Թ߾ÿɶйӵܣҴӦһѪҲҪ߾Ļйӵܡ
쾵߾붼ǹӵܣǹй壬ʧ޴¤Ҳвսڸ߾ʵƳǼ̳峯ģݹϵôҲý߾ˡ񵱳ָ߾Ȼû𣬵Ҳش˸߾߾뻺͹ϵҪȥˣ׼߾
һֻսܽ⿪Ľᡣ
˵̾˿ԭδýҲ޼ѹҴƹԶʤڸ߾ǱϾҪ˲Ƶģµʱ־ù£ٶ˱ֻԭʿʧޱ֮˵Ļ쾵۵·䡣ҪôһҪ߾޹ǿԼųޣż뽨޲ܣ޻ǵΪ
յ£΢ֱ֧µģʱǷ֮ʱ
һۣǺǵ޲Ҫ޿ģֻҸ˵˵
յ΢ֱ¿ģֻ΢ʱǴߵģǸոʦͻʣֳ߾֮٣΢ΪӦúúþԹڣʹȵǿʢ֮ʱô߾֮е¡߾Ҵش֮ҴƴδƫʦɧŵĲԣ߾ֻԽԽԽϣԽ
ǼսɣҲŸոڻΣ׼չãȥ̣ⲻǿ
εͷһʱսֻΪܹ߾
ճƬ̣£ʱսأ
㶣Ҵս֮಻ʤȥ
յֻ֮΢ΪܾһһΪսˣǲЩ̫ˡ
γĬΣʱ̸ЩΪʱ磬Ŷǰ˵ʲôҵģ
ռԸ̸Ҳֻգ΢£Ŀǰ֪ǻֻѧԱǻʼҾ죬ǱҪһϵת䣬ȻʼҾ죬ǵȻñǣ΢ʵΪҵ׼ˣʱһʧġ
κǺǵôһ˵޵ͦڴġ
ճƬֵֻ̣£ǴʼѵӪʱֻʮʽĻʼҾöǰ񰲾֣΢ΪǶʸΪĻʼҾ졣
㶣㲻˵Ļ滹ˣʵѾʼҾ죬ͽȫΪʼҾɡ
΢һת⣬΢һССҪ󡣡
εʲôҪ󣿡
յڵܶ˶ѵӪһ;壬δʼҾǲѵӪֹôºβЩμҵ񡣡
Ŀ⼱ָźչСӣ
Ҳûиģ뿪ˡ
ǻصѵӪֻºԪһվڲٳָ˲еһЩϰ
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տЦһ¹ӣһ̹ǿݡ
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µΪ֪Ҵ߾ʼջһսֻϣµʱҪҡ
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µҲܱҪá
ȻƬ̣ЦŹˡ
ԵԪһ˭˵ˣ£͸˵Ͻ籵һ޳¼һ֣㰮ɶС
հһⲻʧΪһ취
µ˶һۣڣŲתͷһֻһȺѧԱٳϡ
죡ô
һѧԱǶġ
յͷ
ξ޼̺ٺЦǱֵô
ЦǱֵķǳ졣˵ţһЩѧԱһЩ֮ɫֵȻⲻϹأһȲĸǣ⣬Ӧܹȫҵ
ԭΪôһ˵Ҷ˵Ļȴû뵽ԵЩĬ
¬ǲҪ뿪ˡ
ѧԱ¶ıиѧԱЩ
üǵģǺܿҪ뿪ˣǾĲǺ磿
һѧԱξ޼ŵǸҪ£
Цܼ򵥣ǵѧϰûаûзգһȥ񰲾֣ǽٸָѣԸɫˣǵϾҪһ׶ˡ
һѧԱǳĬʵһʱڣǶеȥ񰲾֣ΪһĻʼҾ죬浽һ̣ǲֶǳΪǶ֪ԼʲôҲû˸ṩ飬ΪʷϵһʼҾ졣
յȻǵʵĵǣҲ֮еģһʼȥʷ̨εʱ򣬾ͬһǳǧҪ˶Լɣ֮飬ÿ˶ģȥ֮Ǻܿ񰲾֣ΪġֻҪһ㣬Ǵ壬ǵְҪаֻҪǼһ㣬ôǽܹ¸ҵκѣԼߵøԶǼᶨԶ·ġ
ѧԱ׷׵ͷ
ЦǸϵһô
ǰɣպǺһЦֵڼ֮ѵӪΪǾٰһҵ񣬶ڼǶԣǷǳģӦþÿһ̣Ҫⱦʱ˷ڶ˸棬Ϊ׼㹻ƣҲ޹顣
𣡡
̻


1054 л
ʵѵӪѧԱıҵںļƻУǱزٵģֻǵҵһЩֲ˼ÿؼǶҪǸ͵лԭԼǿΪʼҾ츶ܶģû齨ʼҾģȴûԼĳŵͺñԼһӣȴûȥչһΣҲһź
⼸պշе£ȫҵ
ѧԱҲֻϻȥմҶѵӪźղԼıҵ񣬶ҲҪŵġ
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ֻһϮոµķվмתţɫģױߣڿ㣬ƤͲѥ
ǻʼҾľֻǱʽϵһЩͳñµβӣϸķû̫Ĳ
֮ΪʼҾģⲻ֣е⣬ֻ֣ȥˣֻĹ棬֣ôܻŹ
ЦǺǵĵͷȥͦģ֮·ж֮ѹóǵϲ
·òÿҲÿȥģ·ҪǴڳֵ̼ϿɾͲÿˣ˵׻ҵѪͳ󡣡
ߵͱŪˣ治֪ߡ
ٺЦţͷдԼôôϲԼ˧Цˡ
յ
յ˵
ǵ̫лˣҪǵ½лСȥѵӪϷ򶼲֪ô죬ҲϷһ㣬ĪҪˡ˵ǻʼҾ죬һһпɶŻң򲻿ǰǰˡ
һţһ߷֪ܵˡ
˵һ仰
ЦˣҲô˵ȻЩƤҲϣ̫ؾأ˻ҪԣҪԼصԸ˶һҲ˵ǿԱȡģܹѧҵ֤й֮ж︣ӦþԼ
ЦǺǵС˵Ȼ󵨳棬ֵǰж︣ҾģҲˡ
һƨںձϣٺٵ˵ģǰ벻ҽΪʲôϲ㣬ˣ߯Ҳ˵ˡ
ɫһڽѵⲻФӣȴպߵǰݼڡ
ǺǵҲǡ
°ˣȴҸڵˣΪǣҵˣܺһ𣬾ҸȻһתܲȥμıҵ񡣡
ѵӪ뺯ֻд˼ˣûָ˭
Цסô
ȴǼ㣬㵱Ȼȥǻɶ壬ҵΪȥμѵӪġ
¸жĶˡ
ԭǶµı׼һ
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һŮȥμʲôҵ񡣡
һĳźʹɫ
Цˣյıҵ˵˫׶ҪμӣºͻʺҲϯĸѾȥˣΪĸӦȥġ
ߣ
¶̲ס͸һĴָ
ȻһޣЩݣ̾ðɣҪȥȥɡ
µǸһȥǸһȥأ
΢һıҵ㻹ݲμӰɣһȥɡ
Цˣлл򡣡

գ
컹ʱվѾˣһվͭǰûа취ûⷽ츳ͭһλĵٸŷǳĽĿǳá
Σ
һתºڿ㣬ͲѥǳΪʼҾȫµķΣô񰲾ֵĳٿ϶ҲҪϻʼҾ죬Ǻղ̫ϲŴ·ϲǳ㣬ҵڴԼϰߵķΡ
һЦôһĺƵá
յûΪüô
ƶ죡
ԩҪߡ
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Ȼǰº촽һ£ƶô
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ȻֻҪһ˵仰ģÿжģˣЩȥɡ

ֱͦ壬֣һȻһתſȥ飡ϣǿˣ

֪ǹⶺԼЦҲǵһˣûǵסЦ
߻Ž޵ĿЦջȥѵӪΪģΪøȥֳһ£û©ʲôϾкܶǰû뵽ȵϵʱ򣬲ٳѾвˡ
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죡
һȺ̳źӿ
ԺǣϸһԺһʿųѧԱԼǵĸĸ߽ЦԺţӣôôˣҵſʼ
ԺڨڨЦѧѧˣϾؿü飬Ծ
ʵҪôǻǺܽɵģֻΪǵĸĸ֪ʵҲһ޶˯ţ춼ûʹߴŶ
Ժæߵϸ˵ĸ״ˣλǺᵽǵĸ졣
ΪԺʿôҲʿʵѾսɳֻܴĸ
ϸ˶ʱӯĻںҲ˵ڣļҳҲˣƾҪ¹ˡ
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⵹ǿʵĲҪлգǮ£쾭ġ
Щϲϸñο鲻ԽԼĶӣһԺȻʼҾ죬ƷԱ⡰ʼҡ֣ͨǼֱԿԹҫ档
ֵʵҺˣǵĶȻѵӪֵķǳ㣬ڼҵǲǺ˽⡣
ĸֵ̿ǼҺڼҲǳġ
˵ĸĸҲˣôһţԼˣڿԼĶӡ
𣿡
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һ棬ǿԸʿ죬¹ǰ壬䣬ֻҪ룬а취˽㡣
ļҳԺǸĸǿҲֻЩĸ˼ס˭ܿ캫վǴһƬмĸоˡ
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Щϲϸһؼ£ʱΪ˰յĶ´¹ٷ״죬üĿ续һɫӣǡղҲԿԷƫƫҪȥ̣ӵǰеһƴѽҲԿԷȴȥǧ
Щϲϸеǳ棬ѵӪôŮˣ͵͵ԼĶӣ֪˾ǹдĶ¡
֮УΨӻſ۴䣬һְҲʺʽװԪһȻЩǱϾ׶ߣȺʲôÿ
˿ûкô˵Ҳ֪ЩѧԱĸĸ˵ЩʲôֻܱԼı񣬴һƬǲܵġ
ЩϸϲҲҸ׽
Ժչ˺ԼĸףߵһߣСҲˣԺĸĸֻͨ˼ңǵĸĸˣɶǹ壬ҪĵĻֻ»ԽŪԽңȫλˡ
ӵͷȷҪע⡣
Ԫһߵעɶǵĵ̣ǵȻ˵㣬ǲӣҲӾˡ
µһ˵ò໥ġ
ʼҲܣǿŰ죬ϻؿԵʱ̫ˣ˵Ҳˡ


1055 
ȼɭϵ£ֵķǳȻѵӪѧȴЩǵļǿ϶һѾһָٹ̵˼ˣҪЩеˡ
Լȥ棬Źȥˣտû̫ĹдЩˣʵҲҪôȥдҶ˵ġ
ֹȥһ㹤ֻѵӪ洫̸ʱһȺӸΪǻʹڣһǲܳģֻܲС
ܣʲô
ΤͻȻָȥ
ΤĿȥԺô͵˰Τ磬Щ˶ѵӪܻͬǵĸĸ
ĸһΪѵӪˡΤЦһԵǵǲЩ¼֮һɣ
ҪǰΤ϶Τһǿ׳Ѿ׸ıˣóǹǼôҪҪһ˵ƷУû磬ҪǲԸĻԻȥ
Τһ㶣漴ŭȵظҴ˵
ΤҲһƢµȻô졣
㡪
ʱϺȻ߳һΤһԣ֪˵
Τ֣Сֵ֣ܣݺݵΤһۣ֣֣˵
֣еôΤ񰲾ֶǹ£Ǳ˴˼ĹϵֽˣҿΤ;ɲǺ£ϾΤҪƽƣٲ˵İΤıҵβ͸һЩӡ
֣ԼǡһЦǺǵΤⲻǰնѣұ´Ҳģ̾͹ȥˡ
磬Ҳμٷıҵ
ЩֵܣȻԸĸһǶûȤҲûʸǵĸĸҪʵһģǴδʲôҵǳ棬ҲǳĽȻһ͸Լĵܻܵ߸һˡ
λ˵ǡ
ΤԶˣţֵҲ˵˵ǿСӣȻҶײ⵱ġ
ΤȻﲻϾ磬ӦǸ
Τ£Դ磬Բ𡣡
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¬Ц磬ģ֪
¬ʦԵͷ
ôЩ竹Ӹһնʱˣ˵Τжôֻ֣ԺǵĸĸԾNȣȥǣվһΨΨҲǣվҲǣԶ緽ǰڣԺҲܾٸΤǳֵܡ
ʱαץס˻ᣬٷȥԺǽֵķǳƽ׽ˣǳЩǰװƣû壬װװ˼ҲҲһöβչʾһԼķ緶
ԺǵĸĸһǺӶϵӵܣȻڲͬøд
¬ʦԡֵ÷ǳ͵Ҳû¬Լļ壬໥š
ӵܻǲ̫ԸЩũֻǺǿĵͷȻ͸ԳȺվڲٳϽţڲιѵӪǻ϶ûʵǲ־ˣҲǺЩ˴һƬ
¬֣֣֣ˡˡ
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¬ʦЦǺǵ£Сǵİȫɾȫˡ
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Ԫһֵ˵զôûϢһûˡ
񰲾Ϊɹĵط㡣
Ԫһһ㶣ˣ⻰ʲô˼
ΪΰȻࡣ
Ԫһŭ˽ǳ˰ɡ
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æˣˣͱˣҪЩѧԱɺͳ
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ȱ֤Լ֪˵ɡ
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էһ£ֻһȺѵӪξ޼šɺơϹơĹȵǵĸѾȥˣǾԼһ
һ⣬Ⱥ竣ǰǶǳСǣ޶ѾЩ岮÷ǳȣһնʱֺûиԼĸԺǰȻûʲôΤҲԼĸ磬Ժǵվһš
ΤȼᶨĹӵ߿ˣֶģѵӪѵĶʲô⣬𱰹֣ˣˡ
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Ҳ˿ξپ̫ˣҲһӸô죬Եĸм΢Ц
ҲƻգǺһЦλ䣬ǾͿɡ



1058 ʳ֮»Ϊ
Ĵһ⣬յҲûлϾڸ϶ˣ໥ڮ٣ҲϰˣԴ˲Ϊ⣬Ǻ͡
һϮֻͬһЩŮһζڷȾ׼õĳ֮ϡ
һ˵ƳһһԸģһҳԷҲˣдһϳԣôһڷţܶ˻Щ֪롣һߣһЩεģԲΣһ˿ʵĴɡװεģǳ߹š
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帮˵ǣΪԺ磬ҲôŪ󳼣֮Ľ
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յ̲ǰǸ˸طİǵľֱ̲ǸеģĻ񰲾ָ׷顢顢°ԼգֻǽĽ̲˲ʹУֵѲ߽ǣںͳǷ
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κǵ⣬ǶѵӪ֪˰ɡǷȥôѵӪûиѵӪʱ򣬺ǲִ٣Ϊʱλڸ޼ȨҪΪԼĻȨѵӪ˸ĶҲȨ뵱ʱȫһˡ
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1059 竱겻
Ǳθĵ÷ǳͶ룬߻ʺһȺҲĵûЦϣͷŮ˶ٶһЩѹ֣ڿ̫ˣŮ˶Աһǳֵ顣
ԲԳԷҲд֣һãҼѾȫˡ
˵òСԴ֮󣬾ҲȥСˡ½㣬˵ⶼģ
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1060 ʱĸ
΢μӻʺ󡣡
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£һ竣Щ̫ˬǶãЦ
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1061 
𾪡˷ܡΡġϣ˸Уһ𣬱γҵ˵ɡ
ôһرҵǷǳɹÿһϸڶǳһʼųҲõ˴ҵĺ˵ͲôȾƣҵûһ˺ģҲǺո͵һԭĻʼҾȶԭα¶ǾˣͷҽҿԶžƱ˺Ⱦƴƨշǳںϡ
ԺЩѧҲſˣѧԱһĵò˵˴˵ļҳ˵˴˵Ļ໥̨
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ʱ֣αͻȥˣѵӪѧԱȫˣΪһ뿪Ԥʾǳ׸ѵӪϾѽϣܹٵ˯һϡ
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»ԭûи֪ƺԤƣܿ˵ʵ͹ǶԪġ
ԪԪ˵ˣ͹Ը˵ģϷ׵ǣ͹ǵĳɱǳ͢ҲҽһֳɱתƵ͢ϡ
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ձ˵һԲϾͻɱ뻹ˣвŮûʲô̸ģټҲ


1065 һħ
⺫˵߾ߣ治װģʺԣпޣĿǰԣǱҪ
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ձĿ̾˿תֻʺſڵϣᣬҧӵźգǿӦұģ
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ʺʶ̧ĿһƳ漴ջĿ˹ȥںյĶ棬бĿźա
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·
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Ҳ֪ȥãʺǰģľ󽥽ԼԼĴϡ
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ܼ¹źϴ裬ϣܹúհԼ𣬿϶ǳģΪʲô϶Ϊüֵ
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һЦ㲢ԸӣҲӡ
պǺЦл佱ǡ´ˣҷǳԸһöӣС޹ء
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Ƴϵ飬һдšɫһдš԰Ρͷ
ȥߵһ룬ź˵һһΪһӡ
һ̣¶һĨЦֺһλ֪Ůٸǡ


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һûб䰡հһЦȴǺߵҵŮҲ֪ȥһ꣬ԶôȥһĸףҪһôǿԼЭģڿһΪѾˣȥ׽ˡ
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ĴָҵȷܸıˣΪѾôɫˡȻ˵ô棬Ҳĸ㣬һи֮ˡ
ЦΣϲһ˿ûġ
յǹһи֮ɲǺŮˡ
ֵϲеƵŮϣһ˿ǳɲ˵ģʵΨһܹƻǼͥԼɲˣһֱ黨ǲݣԶŮ˱ţŮʼն˴˵ĴҲŮɱȱȽǡķ糾ŮעҪȻˣֺαں̫ˣӦùܺԼǡ
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1069 һ׮
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⵹ҲǡЦǳҲһĵĶɣǾǻӿڳ
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˵˶٣Ҵ㽫ΪԺĴӪҸΪʼͼ󡣡
ȵҸɱ˲һλú͸ֶҪöģԺԵ÷ǳСġ
Ц˵Ժǵص㣬ͼص㣬ҪеͶ붼ͼڰ칫ĵطǲǵص㣬ʱéҲûйϵȵԺļֵڽ֮ó
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1070 ͻϮ
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ԪЩΦΪΦô
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޵ͷӦˣެ¹Ȼ붼ǴҶҴƵ
ͻȻðһ⣬ʲôʱô໰ˡ


1071 
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޿ڰνһ˵ʵǱԼ˼սģֻΪ⣬ԼŵĻһε뷨ͬôͻ֮أôܲ޵ӣ޸ӲΪѵġξĻ޿϶ӧһˣֻҪУ¹˭ܾģڲĻͻ͸±һ롣
ʵެ¹ȻƵĹϵСϵĹϵֶϵȻެĹҲϣˡ
ǰ¹ȻʵǿʱҲެ䣬𣬶»ȨһϵƶȸĸڰެڲͬʱҲ̳޸ɲĶߣ̶¹ȻѰǿ
¹ȻڽʵǰƽެǱбˡ
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ſڣҪȡյ֧֡
帮óѣҲվ죬ݴϢ໥ѳΪ̬˵ެǲǴԣδõ֤ʵެд˴㣬ެҸ¹Ȼ뿪սǲҸǴƿսķ棬ެǴƵĶ֣˵ެвǵĺ¤ǻ¤һֱ¹Ȼ룬۳ʱ¹ȻͳҴս֮ʣͼƺ¤ǺܣҴƳġ
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εͷʱ˿治̣Ϊ֪˲ƣؼΪȥ򣬶һֱǲȡķԣҲı롣
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һĨϲɫСڿˡ
üһֱСͦҵģôͲϵˡ
ڡ帮Ķ˶񣬺ǿģΰ㻹㲻Ҳô죬ɺȥײΡ
εΪ˵ƶ
յ£΢ƳʱҲһЩެϢʵެһֱڶţֻެʳܱ߲䣬ʴ˶ûע⣬ެŵߣҴެһŵģΪެūȨū϶вɶƵĶͨսӶͲƸūԴūƹҵıġһެ¹Ȼ룬ôһ˭һɽݶʱǴƶެһսѡʵǴʹǴƷսǳԮ¹ȻĻܻܹެȫͻ
帮Ǻǵⲻſں˵ˣҾͲެҸҴƿսֻܾˡ
ſں˵ǲĻֻҴºշǳᶨ˵
Խ棬㵱ʱ˵˵Ŀ
յ£λǿΪʲôެҪ¹Ȼ룬ؼʱ档
帮Цһ˵ʲô˾ղ˵¹Ȼެһֱڽսֲǽ˵ҪģʤܣּެҲδչ¹Ȼȫսһ¹Ȼ룬ެηηŵģ»Ҵƣ￴ެҴƿս
պߵսǷǵӲӲȫֲͬҲǿսҿ»޹¹ȻҲԭҪȡƬء
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΢΢һ

̵ΪʲôެһҪ¹Ȼ룬Ϊ¹ȻĵλüΪҪں¤һƿͻԣǴߵϵ»֮ԼŹ¹Ȼ룬ΪǴߵߣ굽꣬ȫǿƣʱެȫǰΧެƲϣ־档
ެڻûзȫսҼɵҴƣϾ¹ȻҴƵҸұ֤»޴˷ǰ̽ҴƵ˼ǶԴ˷βܣô»һᷢȫģѾΪ׼ˣⲻ»޵۷ˡ
һެ¹Ȼ룬һҲҴƿսǻ˷ˣҪֻҪ֧һЩԣȻٳû٣ɻڲƿ֮У˵ģһǴƶôެһǶͻʾɵأЩطҴƿƱĵطһެƿˣެˣټǺĸ߾ͶҴγһΧؽ
һ˵βò¿ˣ߿ŲҪǶˣǾˡ
帮ûϵվȻܹΣæվⲻһ֮ʣҾͲެô͡
պߵҪɲެʵΪξ¸ެս
˭˵Ҿˡ帮ֻǾûҪҴϢΪһ¹ȻҴưǰȥģս⼸ĶḶ֮һ
־帮˵úеެ򣬲ʤڹмģҪǰѹҴˣҲǳġ
ϺͻȻɲ˵Ԯ¹ȻֻΪ˱ެģսô⻰ִӺ˵𰡣
Ϻ꣡ȻǺأԱӣֻҪڳԶԽެҵʵĽڣôެƲû¹Ȼ֮ǰǴƷͻΪռݾԵĵƣެǿ󣬿ڣǴƵİͼѾȫΧڣ⣬ǿԴκһެެڸ¹ȻսެðոǷͻֻǴֲս۾ˡ
ֺڳ϶Խأ
յܼ򵥣ԴƵԮҴƵʿװ˷ΣԮ¹Ȼ룬ұ¿ϽһЩȥЩͳӵֿެԡ
޵ͷⲻ
ɻһڣͻȻҾûйϵˡ
α˭Ҳұ
հԱˣ֮ûô˵¡


1072 Ծ
׼տ϶ῪڵģΪƻǺŪģ̫ԶľͲҪ˵ˣһսյ¤˭˺վƲެóѵģȻĻƻʧܵľأƻһʧܣôյ;ٷǳΣ
һߵެʵͬСɣպ˵ެļǿ϶׼ҴȴǲִټһЩԮʱ˺ͽԲߣսδӮ粻
յ¹ȻȻʵެܻһЩɣǳټ¹ȻıһսǲެֻأӦûܹİɣ
̿ޣⷽ棬϶޵Ϊ
װģ˼Σެ¹ȻشԭҴƾӽެĻԸϣԭʿҲδܹӦԭ򡪡
˵ˣ帮Էġ
֪޻һתެʼҴһǱڵǿУһֱηԭĻһֱڱľ棬Ժ֮ߣǲֱӴϽ¹ȻΪУǿ԰òӦԭսʤ㼸Σ֮ߵĻǲܵ󲿶ǰȥԱڱϿռţެҪҲҪٲѣǵĹҲǷǳģֻҪסǰһֹƣǵʤ㷴Ҫ󣬶ܹެĹҴս
ⷽ帮ڿɲҲ죬ǾԵȨ
Ҳͷ
ֵ£˾ٻܰҴƻø档
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յȣǲҪɴԭʿǰ¹Ȼ룬Ǵֱ
̵ĿǰǻֻǸոմͻʣĺ˲Ըܳ͢ļ
֮⣬˿ɲԸΪҴս
յǵȻģԭҲΪ˰زȥģǿǮȥļ
Ǯȥļ
κ
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յ˵ǲȡӶƶȥļֻһѣǮģлõ߰ٷϴˣİǺܺãҪⲻһļôһĻЩξĺ˱ҴƾУҴƵĽͳ죬˵һá
帮ʵҪǮ
ЦɣǮҪһȫˣҾԲ˵ģ¹ȻǣǷҪ֧һЩǮƣǲѰǣǴ¹ȻǴƸһ룬¹Ȼ벻ܾģܼ򵥣̴ˣǿɾʲôûˡ
ԵͷüŨˡ
յ⻹ֻΣҲ˳פ¹Ȼ룬ǣ¹ȻҲȷʵҪһǿʵʿ¹Ȼ룬ƽެǵĵƣ˵Ԯ϶ĹǰǰǵõҪӶࡣԮ¹ȻĻҲʲô鷢·Ǵƽʮٱʧ
̵ɴΣһսȷսԤǰô
£¹ٵǲұ֤ެ˽⣬ȫսʱϢΪʱܻެһЩͻǰ˵ĻΪ̫ˣһ紵ݶܾһ亹Ϊެʱ֣򵥡
üͷȨ󣬲ſڵ޼λһֱȡϢߣԭվ̫սʵǲԸı䣬ðˮ֮С֮ԣֻǽެҪ˱¹Ȼ룬ĿǰϢδõ֤ʵ˵ҲеҴҲòΪǴƻԵΪƽϢһյ͵Ϊֹɡ
ʥȸˡ
աڵ˵
գλûи𰸣ñһֱǷǳģһλǳϢϣϣԱȥͲ̫ʦڣ˲ƣǺյһϯǳԥˣΪһսܻƬǣȥԭǷǳᡣ
ǵչŲߣЦǶл˾ճ
Ǻǣ
޾һַǳƽЦӦ
ڹҲ̫СˣԼֲҵĴˣҪԮ¹Ȼ룬ο϶ƫһߵġ֮⣬ȥһΡ
ɴ˿ɼշǳεΪֱӹϵƻެﵽĿˣôмƻǳ߾ͺȫˣò뾡һа취εͷӦԮ¹Ȼ롣Ȼں棬Ҳο˵˭˭һս֪ᷢʲô
Ҳҽ˵

ԥĻص˺󹬣ֽ¸֪Ϊܶ໰ܸ˵ܸ˵
Ŀ˸ţ˰Σŵ£ܽһ£ǵ˼ǣòԮͿެĿʲô
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Ȼ˵ĻβެļƻҴһô죿
ʵ⻰Ǻ˼
ôެļƻҴƵߡ
檵˼ǣ»޺ͺԴ֮󣬱¾ϴʸ»ޣ׼¹Ȼ뷢ȫսСС֣ǿԲܣǲսյҴƱ߽»޴Ӧˣôֻ֤¹Ȼ룬»ΥϧΥµּ⣬Ǿ֤¹Ȼ붯Ϊ߳ޣ϶иıǱ¾͵úһˡ
εͷ⵹һ⡣
л¿佱
΢΢һЦֵǱ£ȻҪ͢ӦøһЩܵȵެˣ׼»Ӧ׼ȶסľƣҪެκлɳˡ
Ȥǲ֪кο
Ϊµģ佫ͳܣ˵вٽ˫ȫĹٻ̫ˣӦþһЩŷḻ鲢ҲŸʮĴǰȥǱһսĽԲٰ
εͷһ޵ǺˣûеɴĹǰȥҪǿǵغ˵ĸܣҲɼŸɳȺĹǰȥأԭһѡϧǳӦ˭ȥˣ
ԵΪϼѡ
ˣ
襺á
ǣ
£Ŀ˸˼£ﵱȻҲףﲻϲ襺á
ǣһ˿˵ϻغΪ飬ŭ˱£ȻѾǣǿΪǸ֮Ƕ֮ڳзԣѾʧˣұҲ˺աס帮ڡΤ˼ǫЩв֮ʿǴʡԵЩˣǳΪǶ˽вŸ֮ʡŶȹȥ鷢ǵĲܡ
ε޲òǾ˾˵ĸܡ
£㻹δ⳼檵ô檽ú襡ȥϣܹʱǻسֿ͢˳ǶˣϴȥĸУԼҲ˼Ϊ·ǣ̫ξܹױµһġȷʵҪ襡˲ţⲻǱᣬﾡã˾š
ξͻ汻˵ˣʵҲˣ襡ھ͸һְԱһ˰޼ɣûκãҪǣ帮ǿ϶Ӧο϶ǰ帮ڵģú襡ЩͻȻ°ǵְȷʵһ⡣
ǣһ襡뿪ǾԲģһҪˣȻûȨǳ޼ɵģǵµ˶ȨŴ󡢸С٣оУֻҪǰεǹ¤žȺףǽ޼ұ۶ˡ
ǺҲһ£뵽µıǺ襺ãʵûһϵ˸Ҳ򲻵һȥμҵ˼롣


1073 Աʱ֮
Ǽƻϲϱ仯β˺յĽ飬ֻҪսôͻնԴҲǷǳΡ
ǺʼΪެʱ֣϶ǳȥģΪδȫƿأһɢɳױⲿ֣ҲެĿǰΨһŵĵطެϲɽȥӡȵţ¤ҵƳĺĵشȫٷ֮ʮפеųͻǷǳѵãϱߵİ֮·;裬ѹƾͳȥˣΨһƽ
ôѾˣľʲôֻԡ
սֻҪԮƱػӲ֧Ҳηǳǵĵط
ΪɵĺգԼӦԤ

ɣãˡѾзµôֻҷֱɽŴ˺Э顣
ŴݼٵĺͻȻջ㱨֪ѾȨգȻǶǻɣҲֵ֮ġ
յͷ֪ˡ
Ŵһ˷ܶûУԵΪѾȵ֪ˣֵǱ˵˺ѾڸǢ̸촬һ£ǹ˵ⷽǻ𣬳ˡѾҹˡ
Цһٵȵȣڻ̸еʱ
Ŵ㵵̸еʱ
ûп̸ֵˣ鷳˽¤ҵ͹ڵϸһЩϤЩط
Ŵһ㶣ɣʲô𣿡
յûгʲô£ֻõĹ滮أÿһء
ŴǺͿģղԸ˵ҲûжʣȥԸ˰¤Һ͹ڵĵϸ˹ȥһЩϤЩطĹա
ȵϺԱ֮󡣺սص˰ԼǰǷַЩԱȻ˵Ҫ̸ѡƶ֮أЩݲƽһĵסΪλҪ˵ء
ЩҲʲôż濴ڻ¶ףźߣָٷƣҺղϲʶġ
Ҳ˰յϿ
ⰲķΧУһպܿ͹ȥˡ
Ϣһҹ֮󣬼顣
ΪΪλҪķǳϸ£صĻǾͿĺܡ
һգ
սǵϺԼ˰նԱȣΪƣÿ˽˰һģ˿ڶ࣬ô˰ն࣬ƶ֮˿ڿ϶٣ӹɵģǾǵ㣬˰٣һԱȣܹȷЩƶ֮磬Լƶĳ̶ȡ
ڹŴԣƶ֮أһʳΪ׼вݵʳҲƶ֮أȻɽֳ⡣
սãȻ빬ȥˡ
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ɣڽӼ󳼣ƫԺƬ̡
ŵʤǵ⣬ź˵
󳼣
£Ե֪˭
ŵʤЦŲ
úտǵڵĳƻСһģǵӭλΥĿˣǺ襺á
Դϻغ鵼γǵͬƷǻϾûǵˣҲûٴˡ
ͻȻ䣬ټˣսսʮֺ¡
۶ˣ̾˿λԻι֮ţΪ֮һ޴δɹڼǰһλᣬϣܹȫȫΪЧΪǣʧǣǲϰݣͱˣƵѡ񣬲ȻĻֺγԶǡ
һӲУĥ
襡ҲΪʲôλͻȻ˵һŵøϽм䣬£дʥ𷣡
վ첽м䣬ַˣλ񡣡ץŶ˵֣Ǿϲ̸һ̸ʵһֱ֪λһֱޣҲڴƣǵϺ󣬻Ϊ飬֣Ҳϣλܹվ߿һ£Ҫ˼κ¶ôӴֳҲкܶΰ
˵ǿϲδ˵˵ˣǼܿҵȨ¾ҵģǵģ޶Ҫǣʵۻôȥ
⻰ϸ˼ְ
óϻ̳Ͽֵ£ⶼǳӵĴǳû㡾ְأ´鷳ȵۣҲԱ¶ԳΣ
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ǼܿջȨǿǵɣҪ˵Ļǿܾı֮͵ضûˡ
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ҡҡͷ޽֮ǿϲϣǶܹȥһжǣЩ²¶ȥɣǾͬЭҴƱøǿʢ
襡һвǴϲѣǳʲô£ʵҪˡøжܹˡ΢΢м㣬΢ԸΪҴƾϹᡣ
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ελ䣬һǳֵ£䣬ΨжλܹΪ޽׮¡
襡ñϲΪӣ¾ò

⺫ƫ룬˵ԺƬôһʱȥˣôû꣬йֹǲѽ
ֹȥһʱۿ춼Ҫˣ뻹ɣȥɸһ⣬Ȼɫһѿڵôǡ
á襶˴ǵ߳
ռæ棬ƫȥּվǵǰĿյϣĿĹˣ泤̾뿪ǵ
ʲô
΢΢üǣ襡ãûеȾö֪棬Ѿ˻ɡ
ԽԽֲ
տʼЩðˣ黢
ɣɣ
պ˼ʱ˺ŵһֻŵʤվǰ
ɣû°ɣ
û£
΢΢¶ͷϵĺ
ŵʤȥˡ
ǣ
ͻȻһͶĸоսսĸŵʤǵڡ
΢μ£
ʱ͵͵ƳΣ룬Ҿòѯһˣ
񣡡
Цúˣɣ
л£
˼ǲ̽һ£û뵽˵֪޷ˣ
ʱ򣬺治κʵ΢СĿк˴ӵ߳
ͿˣСĿˡЦһֵ֮ƫȺ򣬾Ϊ¸Ҳйأ㲻ʱҲȥټ㡣
΢йأ
㶣襺һƨĹϵ
εͷڶެ¹Ȼϣ㲻ǽޱἸȥǱߣ׼ô
̽ѵ´ɺкǰȥ
εͷ
վȵǶ˽Ĺ٣佫


1074 
Ϊֻ佫𣿡
̾˿ǣһȫĽԲ٣Ϊȶһֱ佫ͳפأԴ嵱صĺˣĹҲǱزٵģҪпɳ֮ҪأҲǱսһ취˽֮ţõءΪӦԿܵս޴ϽñΪ󶼻ĸ襱ΪͥݸЯּһأһնмԱެԿ׼
Ժʵǲ֪ǷɳĽ飿
ԥΣ̾ʵǲʱʦڣ˵Ҳܲ˴벻ެҴơ
£ˡ΢޶ۣ֪´˻Ǻ⣿
νһ˵һ飬ֵެǴƵģôҴҲެóѣб޻޲Ƚ襡ðȥߡ
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ĸ֣˵óϷȽ襡õ볤ܹö˵ĲŸΪ¹Ȼܷս׼һá
Ϊؼǣⶫ˻˵ʲôǲıẫ襡ã˵ϾζڶίΡ
շǳþ취ס襡ãû뵽ͷΪԼĽ飬ôһڣջɣܸйϵΪϣģ襺ڳιɲκвв
ֻǵһЦ
һЦúտ϶Ľ飬ΪεЦûнȻͲģ˵֪ΪʲôҪ˵Щ
ҡҡͷ
ε޴˸Ӵ»޺ͺԴ
հһ΢΢ˣ£΢δ°
ɫȣԮ¹Ȼ㽨ģҲ˼Ĵ󳼡Σ޲˵ʵĲʱ󶯸ɸ꣬ެսЩŬ֮ҪƽϢһĽǵ󲻵ѶΪ֮޲һĿڲŲġľ䲻㣬ǰҲӴ̣ͨ»Ҳл˵Ӵ˾ͽˣ̸УȫȨ
յȻҲ򣬵ǴެľٶԴȫб۵̬εľǵǣȻҲ̫Ҹެ˺ΪһûаյսľôǿʢҲǷǵóɣ΢
ʵոǾ䣬̣ԺΪ󣬺ʢνһһӲ
̸֮ͻȻˣΪ¶
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ճĬŵ΢˵ҪԮ¹Ȼ룬ǱضӲϵĸ΢ڻ֮󣬲ûΪκιףӴ˲֧
ΰڰֵ޻˽ôֲΪԼǼ֧Ϊ˴ơ
΢л½⡣յ΢أΣ΢뵽һԼٲİ취
æʲô취
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յͷΪƵĹϵҴưղκ棬ýи֣ĻͲܽ˰գǾݳ֪ʵں¤ŲƶأЩϸ֣ǳ٣ЩطǵعϡǰղԸǨǵسܲô˿ڣʳǳޡ
΢֣زʺϸ֣ôͲҪʳһЩʺصֲ΢ũңɣİɣǳƶ֮΢Ǵ¤ƶ֮أģֲɣظΪɣ֡
εũɣǹ֮ɣҲǳ͢ߣɣܹԣնɣȥˣǰճʲô
ΪСũãնҪԸ㣬벻صġ
յ΢ո˵ȫûô
΢΢üа취˽ʳ͵أ
յް취΢¡΢֮ԽɣΪ˲һҪԭ򣬾Ǹެ¹Ȼйء
һ㶣ʲôϵ
Եȣ
մӺܶУҳһݸεһǳۺ;ƻǰļ۸仯¹Ŀ
һԾȵ̶ڣǮһƥҲʮǮѽոոսӦ½ǣֻˡ
ЦȫƻƻȻûкķҹеʳǱⲻ˵ģ˺ͳ͢ʳȥ۲Żǣ۸ۣ̫ˣ˺ũ棬ʵǶڹġھĻͬĵǺʤҴͭǮ˽ΪҴȥļ۸Ҳ֮ǡ
εͷԭˡ
ռķսҲ΢Ľ飬ôҴƱҪӴͶ롣Ȼ͵غҪǮģ΢ԾΪΪҪĻңҪͳұҪͳһͭǮĻĿǰǴƷеĻҸܹԭöѾˡһϵе߶ʩˣôļ۸ضǣĺôֻҪɣ֯޵ģ˴ģֲɣʵҴңͳһҴ»
ˣᱻеһЩ˸ƿأǻžȥóףҴҪĻٵҴƣǲǸҴƣ󳹵Ϊһ塣
γΣ⻹ûнʳ⣬ûʳͱҪиأƶ֮ϡ
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ңЧķֹؼ沢аֻصʹȨȨػǵذյģеض붼ǿڷȨǳ͢ģصıʹϵǳ͢գʹȨǰˣȡаƶȣ͢Խ룬ַֹ˼沢أҳ͢Դܿˡ
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շǳ޵ԸҲǶԵģձԼԸȥε뷨Ҫ˼顣

Ȼһ˼ެ¹Ȼ֮ʱͻȻگ襡ñߡ
帮ڵϲѣΪǺ˽õģ£襡ãҪ֪ĻǾԻֺ֧յģڹ¤һϣΪԼͺһߵġ
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˵оȻ襡뿪ĻôӾȫ뿪˾ǣǲ£Ҳĺѽ̾뵱Ѿǧ࣬űס襡ãû뵽Ů㶯Խ㻹ǽ襡ø˳һǷǳݣֱиɻϷʹҪջس֪ôӺ˵𡣡
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1076 ̲
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Ͳ˵ˣӿǳ޼ɵáη棬Ǻ襡ȨûˣڣֻҪڳУлᷭҲǳ޼ڳеģûģ޼ڳеӰࡣ
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޼ɵͷ˵ˣϷ㣬ҲδϺĶ֡ȻˣǾֻһ·ߡ
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1077 ̸̸ʱ

պǾȣⳤ޼Ҫѣôܣ㳤޼Ը⣬ҲܻԸ⣬㶼Ը⣬ҲǱϵģ֮Բܽεģֻǵˡ
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޼ЦϷȥѣǡϷ˵ˣеĵǣԼµӦþһգ˷Űľ·
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1078 Ԯ
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΢һҲЩһҲ׳־ΪõΣ
յ΢ΪҴƲκһҲҪȡǿӲķʽ˫ֹͣҪҪչִƵ۹Ȩʵެ¹ȻΪҪĹϵɲѹϵҲϵǴСܵĹϵǶҪĻʵ֣ǶڱµĻš
帮þЦŵ²ǴƷֲĲ٣ެĻƵĹϵֻϵʵ¹ϵôԣެȻԳΪܴƵĿƣһȫĹңʵ»װӣ˾úެǴƵצʵ޼ƾʲôެҪƵġ
⻰Ҳ㿪ڣѵ˵Լϴ𡣺ô˵Ҫסǵ졣
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1082 
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⣬ެʵεĿ귶ΧڣҪķҪܿҲԭΣΪԭǿҲδ̤˵ǴİƣΪ񵱳ѾϣƳǱȴӵ̤ĻǶߵĸ߾̲ΣʼʳѰεҪߣֻҪެȾָλǿ̵ģҪȫչΪ߾׼ȶס˶ôͿȫͻһδ֪ˡ
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ʵҲҪȥȵȶ֮㲻ңҲǵġ


1084 ۹
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֮⣬ǲ𲻴ӦֻҪͻƴǹȣҴһģⲻܹң⻰赭д͸ŵ۹ǿƣûκء
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1085 
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ŵ²㳢һţһڲ裬Ƕζ˺һۣԵõǱȽרģɣ֪»ƲԸ˱ģƵӶԭǾ仰˵˾֮·˽֪
ӴҴĻͦ˽İյһЦ޹أެ¹ȻԹѾãǴƲж˭˭ҲһԿ˵׵ģ»ĹǣǷǳܹģҲ뷨ͬģҲؿĹǺ뷨
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1086 ǧ
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ŵ²־ϲڿ¹Ȼ˿ܼĵطȻԸ⣬˼⡪ǵȻԸ⣬ެǱ߻Ӧô
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ŵ²ֵɣ˵ƻҵһ䣬»޷ǳƻļƣÿضţ֮Ĺϵȵ֮ٳһ򾡡Ҿ֪»һֱǴƵİҲڵطֲ˲ܶಿ䶼ެģɵСİ
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Ȥ
հ룬ҽ˵һʵ


1087 ǿ
һǧԣ·Ǽҳ㷹㺫ղǧNˣ޷κ·ջͷԣǾ·õģȻŸ
Ȼŵ²ԣյõģƥô
͸֮󣬱Ļȥˡ
˵Ҫȥ䣬ȫû˼ܼ򵥣ֲŮ
ŵ²֮󣬺վͻصԺȥˣ;԰ʱ洫һкҪСİ
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ʲôĶᵽɤˣ԰Ǹһ뵽԰棬ʲôζûпͼһƥɫ


ѾŵôľĶܶˡ
ۿһ׳ĽͨҪڲ˼ĵص㡣
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ɼ»޽˹ΣڱصãĻҲܻôļǮ¸帮


1088 ⻼
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˹СҲܹȡ޼ɣެ֮ҵһ֮ǡ»аЦһΪ⽻٣ٲҲô˵ⲻǴԼôȴɲôҼúôĹԱ̸£ֲ̿ǱܵĽϵԶެ
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ƽٿЦһа취ǾȥˣҪȺǻۣܹ֡
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˵ҲеԪͷȻ˵ĻҸɴȥ»޸ɱˣԾ󻼡
ƽٷ˷ۣǷұ˵ɱ»ޣܹɱˣެ࣬ҪҴֻ̣̼ެƵսʱֻʯ١


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ʵԴ˼
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ݡݡ
ڷ¥ǿյϣСҰһƥɫĿϵطɱţʱ߸Ծʱܼдȥ˿ȥɱܣֻǲϵӦıܡ
һ˿ѱģŮħͷѱȻ԰ԵСҰĻνѱѱҲܽȥʹܾˣײУɵĿ
һԹۿŵĺաܵܡ滪ɣľΡǵˣĬĬΪСҰһ亹£ǿľս
ܰΣǿҲۣʹ˳̵ľҲûнСӸóϷͣСҰʹſǰ˷ܵ磬ƥǺãҺϲ
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СҰЦô㡣
΢΢һʲôʱСҰôˡ
Цͨ죬ߵУŮܲס
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ܴ֣ܵٺٵСҰҪһҿƥͦġ
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СҰˣҸСҰɲֱ˴˵ģгϢгϢܵܰ
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Ҫֱ˵ĻֵøɫˡЦɲУ޹زɷԲǹģÿһǮ֧㶼дģҶԴǺ֪飬ȡǷ¥ò˶ãͻᵹյģΪһὫԱĹӶӻһɶǻǰɡ
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˿ʵǱôƷܷϽأ
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治Сظֻȷʵ޷⺫յ淨ǮĿᣬͷ˭ô档
պǺǵ̵ƷǴģǺãǲŻãһǮҲӦǳ˵ɣľļЦ᲻úײסǰҲģҸ˵ǳеһ룬ʵˮơֽīļ۸񣬻ôŪʲôУŪһ£ٺ֮Ƿֵһ㣬ҿҲһɣ׬ġ
ʵ۶ҺŪɣľĨźǣ֪ˡ


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⻰찡üެΪҪ㣿
帮æ»Ϣŭ΢ǲԸյģ΢񣬿»Ӱ쵽ҴެĹϵ
ԽԽͿˣ޲úȥ𣿡
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ξ˻棿
帮΢ʵаԡ
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帮һת£΢ǲúˣҴӦҪǿһЩĻܱ߷᳼Ҵƣ΢²һζĸެʩѹӦʩʱƵެգŪɳ׾
Եͷô˻Ҳ޵ΪӦΣ
帮΢һ΢֮Ѿɹס»ޣҲǰһˣɺɼ̸ȥҲãβһˣȥ»̸΢һ£ʩ˵ܹʹ»޵ͷ
˵ţһ֣Ǳ΢Ļ΢ԸⵣΡ
ҲԣӺĲԣԶʱģ帮Ѱ˼ţ帮뺫ͬΪ࣬һֱҪ񣬶ίиգɲ֮ɲʲôúոˣҲӦһ£˼󣬵ðɣ޾ȥԡһҪһ㣬ƷյĲԣҪȥĻ»ޡŵ²ΪǴԶţɷǳӵӰ죬Ǻգ㣬ޣһһҪмǡ
帮ֵ΢
εͷȻ帮ȥҲ帮¸ŪˣҪ뱣ֶߵԣһģ㻵Ҳȥ
帮ֵ£鱦΢ɲҪȫƾ
УС֪⻹֮һЦҲǳǣȻѾˣŰɡ
΢л¶ͣ
帮һĨϲ֮ɫ


1090 ʵ
帮߲ãξٺ빬ǵڽӼ˺գڻ԰Ӽ˺գĿĺܼ򵥣ǲϣʽֻǵһԱ
ǺնԴȫȻ֪΢μ¡
񣡡
Цհܹ޴ϲ㶽ݣֻһЩͻֲ㾭ϵĲ㣬û뵽ܹôĹͣ¹ȻެͬҲǹû޼ӷΪͬƷƫ̻㣬ʵ顣
εһ佱úЩ㵣ʵЩǰҲû˵ô־ᣬæΪǣ΢ı֣ʵ΢ԶԶ
ģܹѣͳͷԣ˺һ䡣
ԽԽЩΡ
ۺգһЦҲˣ޸ֱ˵ɣ㣬»޿ȥҹ㣿
ҡҡͷȴЩǡ
ˣεͷ»޲ô˵ެ࣬һ˽ܣԶ̸еǿȻܹҴȨǾ͸˶ԣٵӦϿҲȥ
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ɫ²̫ã޴һȥ»̸ʩЩǲܸıġ
ˣҪˣʵ֪´˭أ
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Ц£΢Ȼɶн٣Ǿ£˵Ҳûпܵģôȥһ»һʱ£ܻŪɳ׾һȥԣҲӦõġɷЦӦ»ޣʧΪһ壬ֻҪܹһκ΢νġ
һͺյģԶܹ룬ʵǡЩ벻˵޷ŻЩģ޵⡣
ճϻ̳Ͽֵ¶ˣ΢ֻǱµĳӣְǸǱбµĿǣв֮΢ʱֹǶԵģ΢Ȼ֧֣ⷬǷǳӢģʩ»棬ܾ£΢޶
μձֵķǳȻ治Թˣ˿ԺոͣӾӦ־
ⲻ֪Ҫ帮ǰȥѾ˲˸߰˰ˣ»޿϶帮֮һ䷴ԵĶûУһ޼ɡﶼ帮Ҫ˱ᣬҲȥ帮ԣΪĿǰռ˱˵һ
θ᳹Ĳԣô帮϶»йĳЭ飬ȻĻ帮ҲɣԭҲ֪»޲պѡ帮ô帮ǰȥһ׼ܳɣֻҪܹ⣬ͷ档
ͷεУ󣬸ɵĻ࣬ο϶Ҫƽ⣬Ҫ帮ҲȨʲôˣǲֲַһ޼
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ָǴľӵ֣ӣΪ׼У㿴Σ

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ϣǸ˵ˡţľз£Ȼֽ¥еһ¸֣С
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յ뿴ެж٣Ǿһô죬ǲֻǴôôҲ
֣һѹô⵹һ⣬ľпŵȷɣެʶôɵУ»ϲĽʵһ񣬸߳ɣϾҲֵ˲١
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պǺЦ˼ʵһŪЩУ֮СƷôŪ͸ǣŪ㻪ķΣҸ˵ʵͶ٣ضǰٱĻر
֣ĶУڻʵǰޱȿȴ򵥣ˣҲΨһһƵİɣ
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֣ûԭ͵ˣҪҲӦô죿
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ôľðΣŵǾư֣ӣһﾪ˰
֣з˷۵ʲôƣ֮£Ҳʺһˡ

պǺЦ
ֿһУ͸ҵΪ߷εĴľУװĶޣľһ£ʵ֮֮⣬һЩһЩ²Ʒ鼮Сľ֣벻ǣɳͣɳýһֻܹãŪףȥ߯Ҳˣֻǿȥܶ࣬ʵôһ㡣
ֻ̫ܺˡ


1091 ӥ
Ȼϣ帮ȥ˼գɹ˵»޴ӦƵҪҲɴƳ棬˫ߣҴƻǲԱפ¹Ȼ룬ල
֮󣬴ϲѣϴƵ棬ݺݰ帮һҾڳ¥ٰϯȺףƳɹƽϢһ
帮ǺϣȫȥˣϯУٴŶ帮أһʱǷޡ
»޿ЦҲǲϵĹά帮帮ø߸ߵġ
û帮̸Ϊ޸ɲʱڣسǿѫʲô䡢޼ɡκˣǺ襡áˣǴϴҪоʣһˣĶˣ»ҲʶЩˣϾĿǰԣ˺⽻̽Щ󳼣Щ󳼱Σ
߶ǳЩҪ󳼣˽ЩҪ󳼣ԶڴƹһϵжϣǷǳҪġ
ƹѲ»ǿףЩҪǶһȺ帮ǵг⣬һ֪ʲôˣ޼ɡһôģϵıǸãȫʲôЩ»Уһֺͷϣиǵ⣬˴кξգҲԽԽġ

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֣΢΢һ㶣漴ͷ̾ǰףǸˣҴƴͲʦڣһֻ»д㡣
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ɣҾ̫ƽĹͣ˶帮أ
Ŵ󿴵˾Щ߷߲ƽ
һЦⱾͲҵְȨ֮ڣҲû˭涨⹦;ҵģңȷ帮̸ġĿǰҪ֡
Ŵ˶ɳȥˣֻҪũ棬ӦⲻǻӦö׼һЩɣ硣
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Цһ˾գɲܹңһУ˾ʲôû
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յ˾սڳλλ꣬ʲôûмϵЦݲǸ»ޣ㾡ܴˣҴǲܳġ
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յ˾λ֮һûͳȴǾĴҿӦǿƣӦ÷ܳ벻ɣԲ˵ģԭµĻǿ֧֣ĳϣһһڣǱҪڵģ˾ȴȴֲܴ
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ղʵ֪˾ʵһ棿
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һЦʵǳ帮˵ƣ˭ȥǣŪþ͵ȥϣ佫Ҳ£Ͼɨ˺üˣ㺫Ҳǲ߻֮һǻ˵㣬Ҳûжĸϵ̼һ¾֮޷ˣǽɲ˳Ĭǲ̫
Ϊһǿĵ۹ĳ޷ġ
ʱ»޲֪ʱ˹Цɣ
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»һ㶣漴ЦˣʵܹЭ飬ȫɵǻۣ֮ԲãҲĽϣҪǴܹ¹Ȼľӳ߾ެɷˣһнΪɵǻۡ
һЦֻĻąۣ̊́µиɻ鲻ԽԸȥҡҡͷңңйذɡ
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ЦΪϲԼ˵Ҳ˳ҿҲ벻һ㡣
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ֵŴǴƵʥľԼ
»̵⵱ȻҲǳԺ֮֡
⻰һڣȻѹãϵˡ
յͷ˵ò˴ȫõģ¹ȻƻһЭĻǴһȫ֧ެġ
¹ȻĿǰƻЭ飬ǳެȥģ֮⣬ެҪǸΥԼǴƾӲܵģдӲ
ǵȻ֮ԴӦȫơ»Ҳǲ¶ɫ˵
»Һգ̽һºգû뵽úץסᣬвһռˣ뺫˼䣬뿪ˡ»޸߲ãŵ²ž͹ˣǺǵɣ˷Ƕлˡ
˼Ҷڸл帮ȴҺգǳԣΪ»޺帮ϵǳãȻ帮Ǹެףʴ£һ֧ԼܱެڴƳеܹƽ⣬һߵƫެ¹Ȼɾˡ
ЦԴˣҲǷ£ҵְˡ
ɹǫˣŵ²һЦֵɣлЩ»̫˽ˣƣҲŲƣֻŲ»ޣһȥ֮ˣǺã
ЦҪôǱǴƳôô
ŵ²æʲô
յԴ¶ȫˣֻǿ󣬲סˣ¶ȰԴһ䣬һЭֻսһ󻯣ûֹսɲԴ⣬ӦǰӽȲǣΨˣ㷽ĻһΣ
ŵ²ͷмɵҸ棬һġ


1092 ӹ
˵ȥڣҶǳģΪ̫ˣⲢζŽζµ˵ĿʼܴǳںĿĳ⣬ضԤʾŴѾУȻƻռȨģɽˡ
ǿԤǣһµ壬ѾʽĻˡ
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1096 ¸Ƹ
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1097 
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Сûٿˣøжѡ
˼ګüŮŮһóɺͳ
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˼ګǼȲѩȥʲôʦ̫ˣŮʦ޼һ㶼ǵáŮˣƸһգ֪ڴʲô⣬ڻʺдŸݹϵһʱ׼Ϸ˵ĸ״ˣο
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˼ګ̵ȥвĿ⣬ֻҪѩԼϣ¾ͺ˵ˡ
ѩԺöڼˣݵʱżչɳȥ棬ر˼ګ֮󣬳ſǷѾĻѽۺأҲȥлʺĸ⻹ӦǾˣɬĵͷ̵ĻҲΪĸһ
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1098 ӹȨ
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̵ѽģڿΣѧñ㶼ҪУҿǺæģ͵кãؼ˯ȥɡ
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1100 ҵĴ
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Цǿ÷巢չôãҲ身յĳŵĵˡ
ܿͳˣ÷ֻὨ죬淿زȥǣǾȥ죬󽵵ˣ÷ķչȻŻ
һŻͽ
ˣת͵
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ǡչɸǴ˺յţǷչ촬ҵ
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ýƵǣȥûй򵽷¥ĲƷշ˸ӣ̶Ծͼˣһģϡϡġ
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һȥι´룬д˼Ļǵ촬°빦ɱļ٣ǿɽ伯źһж⣬ңݽᷢޱġ
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1101 
ʵҲ֪ǲָܸ״ֻһЩˬΪŵ´δκŮ˷Լɷ򣬵ȴ˱лҪɫɷֻ˵ŪˡҪѿŻõйʴҲֻҪľУνΪڴǴϣǷǳǵġ

գ
ŸոսţһֻչɶһŹعͳ˳һգҧгݣ˫Ŀָźյ㡪
һǲǷˣһݣæȵɵһ䣬ڿ࣡
չһĨɫΣұСӸˣ㻹
գ൱ҲǶһˣҲΣ̫ˣݶݲ㹻ϣǺһЦӣۣܶҪԣҼţϣܹһԣǺôҲͬң뵱꣬ڳǽɪɪʱ˭վԱ߰οģǿҰ
Ҽǵɪɪɣչ̵
Уɪɪ˰ɣ
ǣٳģڲ뿴㡣
չ˵һ䣬תǰ
ѹ˺ܾã΢΢Ĩ˽ȥչһˣ̽ƫһߡ
պƤϣӣŶ¡
δ˵꣬չŶ£֪ΪҵģⲻˣЩ׷׳ЦԲҹسЩҵҲǶң˵Ҳسţƭǣˮһգݱ˼Ҳ෹ЦϣⶼΪ㣬ƭҡ
һǳкĹ幫ӣȽϵøҪøһЩɼǹӣҪ˼ګݴʷְƣһ֮
նһͷ亹ҲȫңҲ֪»ͻȻҶݣлô⣬ҲӦ˵ˣŵҵļƻûаʱС
չɵ㵱ͲҪȥʲô·ۿڡ
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ôȣչݺſԣôȥȡ
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ţող˵ôյ
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չĿɿڴԭΪݿܶȥˣû뵽һһתڻԼˡ
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չɵҪЩʲô
ȻǴģʹվ
Цʱôģȥ㻹ôЩϢݵİվˡ
չɺߵЩλҡ
ҪþЧպǺǵӦ䷨ɣʵôһ˼ûһ㣬һˣԷƣҪݰһߣŶطƵĹĻźܿͻὨ
չɳΣһʧˣҿɾˡ
տЦҲˣɱǣǻɣĴŵ¶һֽģ˻˻سϾ㲻ݴʷҲܹ㣬Ҫ˵ĻĳЩһὫҵģұ䲻𡣡
չ𣬺Ѿˣ˵ĻŶȿԴߣ㶼ǽȣˡ
ոЦûмǴĻһž͸㣬ԭΪԻһЩأ֪ûаЧ
չһ㶣漴ЦƬ̣סЦ֪϶ɻڴģû뵽͵࣬Ǵδйġ
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˵ô۰ɣҡҡͷһСȻ˾ҡΣûô׳ûֻҪûƾСٶȣһ쵽˰ġ
ôš
ΪҺ֪Ա޷κġ
չЦŵͷǵһʶգҶ֪ͬվǳƺʲôһ£ұúú㡣
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չߵ㻹Цóڡ
ҪǻǰҹƻһݣڵĻ˵ղЦЦҲܻͷˣȻˣαѰˡٶܹ࣬شֻһ䣬֪÷ѩܵ˺ܶίǽһᾡֲġ
չֱӺհΣ漴ЦһȾʶ㣬һ鲢սĻҲܴӦµģȻƻǶ˺ѻǷǳصģѩ㣬ǾƲίġҿɵ˵Ȼԣǲһ֧֡
Цŵͷף͸һ


1102 ͥʦ
˼ګֶݷչϸڽ̸һ
ʵҪ˵ݵҲûôΪСũΪĲֻҪ֣ҲȥҲòȥҪȽϿչܵ飬޽ۿڣûЧݵĹһֱַ˵չɴľչɵЩƣ̫ᣬҪ˳ǻ࣬һʲôˣǱؽӭڷ
չҲһûУĻͻسˡ˺գҵȻʧˣҲ֮Ǹ赱˶췴ĵһЩİݵĻͨأû۵ĿֻţҪڵعԱϣû㵽չϣܵ˵ûֻչΪ׵ı
վͰˣ¶ңֻҪᰲôͲʧأܹ˺츣ϱİա
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ѩɬİһۣߵ˵һѣһ֣Բԣ
ǵȻġ
һһ㻯ѣѵһֱɵ𣿡
ѩͷǵǵģͺñϻ㱻ҵϳݡ

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СģҴˣڼҡ
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ѩ㻹Ҫ˵˵ʲôʱ򡣡
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պһЦϷƴϣжȻһ룬ѽϻûɵļͥʦĳؿһ£һѧϰƴ
˵ƴѩüһ񣬵գƴԽѧԽѡ
պǺǵ֮ԻԽѧԽѣΪϻûн٣һ㣬ʲôĴҡ
ѩߵҲŲĵ
ʲôŵ˹ȥһ㵡
ѩС죬㶼ˣ˵ʲôɱʹЩƽ
ռļģͷӦúúã
ΣŮģѩһ˼ѧƴĻţʵǲ춼ڼִ޹еŮˣ˼뻹ͦɵģҲΪʲôϲգΪһһҲѹ֡
սҲˣƴһ㻵˼ûС
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˵ǿڸһˮѩȴȻۣƴһ߿ţһߵͷ
ռѩ׼ʣʱһ£Ĺѩ֪ģôȥ˵ģϵѩѧϰЩԣֻ±룿
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ѩ˵һ룬ͻȻԼϡ
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ѩȻһЦһʲô÷ӣⷨͼʶ
ʲô
˫ĿǺ˽ģɱ
·ãҪ˶ԷѩùǺ̵ס
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յͷͻȻֵʲôʱ̹ⷨӡ
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ѩҵҽʱ˵ÿ˶ģֻҪ֪ԷȻ֢ҩöԷϹڲôϣܹѧƴ֪Ҫʲôʴ˽ϹʲôѧϰƭҲŲĵˡ
Ľư
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ѩߣֱҡͷҪ
Ů˵ҪǾҪᣬּѩ˫գˮӣ£էţޱȣһʱͣУأҾֱʡȥмİ취̽ͷ˵꣬ҲѩӦڷѩǺ޵㴽档
ѩʶ΢΢һճûСڣһֵķҷӿУ˵ˡ
ȵѩѹֳȥ˫ֻںյĲ䣬ɬĻӦţĽëţһ˵ˡ
úðΣ˲ŷֿѩѩǡǺĸǰĸ
ǰĸ
ѩʶ
ռ㿴ⷨǲͦЧģһ㡣
ѩﻹϵͷһƫƣ


1103 ľľ
粢δһ㣬μˮϵĿǵˣ⣬Ϊˡ
ںϱϵĴ룬ɰǧĹڴô򣬰̧̧ͬһȻۻȴЦݺͼЦʵܼ򵥣Ϊǵ˻ϣŵȳǲܵģҲǲʵģڰվ޴ʹ
Ϊܶӵеظһˣ֮أûĻһڣܹȫңǾͷǳ֪ˡ
쾵޽˺Ϊʧܵĵطǿۣóֱ͢԰գͲ͢ڱϿţܵˣȵġ
һ˴Ӵ˳Ǻա⡢ֵˡ
ƹ񣬿ѽŪʱͰ˳͢ĹơЦЦ
ˣҿɵ𡣡ʱֲ̿ѣڨڨʵֵգնɻؽҲ׬һЩǮҾɻսᣬɶٻö٣˭ҲǷ˭ģҸǮҲ٣ȻҲԸ
ߣжԲߣһ͢ȨԤһҪ͹ÿ¶֧ʣڹؾ͸ˣںܶ˶ϲضΪ˸ԼĲռ䣬ʱĹȫͶ뵽촬ֻ棬̧̧ȫʱⶬ쳤е˽ķǳ졣
ôһȦ̾Ϊֹѽ˴򽻵ø͢򽻵
ҿɲʲôЦҪס˵ʱͿ԰ѹٸļල¼䣬û˿ԣҿôҲҪסҪֳ鷳ĻթҪطһϣܹǵƸİݽһݸĻĿҲǲܹģ˫ãõʱ˵Ĳ岻ҿԺֱӵĸ㣬͢϶ƫյġ
ڨڨǣվ˵ϡ
ΪãôãɲҪ﷭˴
ЦЦֳֵ壬⴬ǲǱݵĴҪȽˡ
ֱͷȽˣС˺ʮ
ЦССúã
һԣΪֻǺյݣǾ֣̽λ壬Ҳ촬ģ
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ЦҴѧϰѧϰ
ôίˣôҵľ͵ʦˣһĶ壬ǻô棬ɣðһ䣬δų͢д촬Ϣ
͢ûйϵҶݽ촬ģЦĺˣǾ֣Һ˼ιôΪôֱ˻£
ֱЦŵͷ͵͵ر˺һ
ֵʵҪ˵ǽеĺҲҴҪԭ򡣡
㶣ɴ˻
ս齨ļƻ򵥵ø⡣
ǸⰡĿ˸˼£Цɣʵòô鷳Ūˣҽȥݽһ룬Ҷʡ¡
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ʧܵĵطһҪ˵仰ǺѳɹģȻ߾ȫȡÿһǮ档
պǺǵƹǲǣΪʲô͢Ҫ룬һ˶
΢΢ð
ļ򣬵ͷ׬ˣСֻ˶죬϶󣬶ֻ»ᱻ¢ϣҲ֪ˣǮһ׬ˣǳ͢춢һˣ˭ãҼмҲ˰
ǣ̫̰ˣȫû˵ǻ
һԵּŵÿ콫Ӹûˣֻ˸еİͬʱǵʮ㣬룬Ҳ̫СǵƹҲѧģǵĴȻҵĴҪҪȽĶ࣬ǻ淶
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ֵҿǵĴûһǳ淶ĲƾĶǹǵľ飬ǵĴСÿһǾܲģĺôһ𻵣Ǻܿ޲ҿԶڻԱʱ֮裬ǻ
Ŀ⼱Ᵽ޷ѿǴ׬Ǯѽ
ղ壬벻ô
æⲻ̵ôôǽݣҾʱСб׼ģö֮ҲϰߣҲ÷嵱Ҫԭڽ촬ֻʱҲôġ
ս췿ݵļڱľÿһ鶼ϸ׼ģֻϰô÷İվѧһ㣬ǽķǷǳйģ޲ǳ㣬÷ϣԼŪȥˡ
ŵԶԶԣҲ㽫¸ˡ
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ЦɣҵǲУֻ⴬Ҫľͷҵ˵޷ֲɣȤ
ɽֻڳ͢ģԿɽɽǴҲģ϶Ҫ͢׼
պǺǵ˭֪㽨촬ֻҪľͷ͢һЩŴģҪľͷУǵľľ
ľľ
յͷʵҲΪǺãֻ⿳ľͷȥĻǳһջǿģǵֲľ͢Ż׼ǿľͷ
һȫû⣬а
ȱæŴӦյͿӳ͢İţ뿳ͿҲֲ֣֣ǽ¾ͿԣǱ뻹øִ͢ʱһϸĹƶȣô͢ҪκˣֻϣܹչǮ棬͢Ҫ̫࣬һԷġ
žҲеǰɽȻľͷƣǵȻܹ⴬룬ҲȫɣȻẦҡ
Цŵͷܹһ㣬Ǿòʱڻ̸
Ҫ˵ȫΪ˻룬ʵҲûУ͹Ŵߣкƻֻϣ淶Ҫƻ̬׷ɳչңҪֲһЩܹչõľں¤Ϊ¤磬̬ȷܵƻҲҪǱ˿֮·ı


1104 ı
⼸յҪ񣬾ڳ䣬Ҳѣ÷ıվûΪסֲƣǺղܽܵģΪƷȫǳ͢£طҲϣձΪԼɹӡ
Ȼ׵塣
Һʵֲδ뵽ϾҪˣ
һգִֺչӲ졣
ͱ˵ˣչɿģǶĿɿڴӪ൱ˮ߹Ƿǳܼģ˿ȥȹӪҪӾ
ӣûƭɣôģ϶ݵġң㿴ֻǱɽһǣճչЦ
ɽһǣ
չ΢΢ЩðҪֻǱɽһǣûǮ
Ҳֱͷһͱ÷еҪϺü̫ˡ
ЦػأҲʮᡣ
չɡͬʱһǲûмǮˣֻûлôǮǿⱲӶûлôǮ
չͻȻӳ͵ϣ˷ѿɲѽ
պǺǵôȥݿ
չɰ뿪Ц⵱Ȼ룬ôһҵöն˰
Ŷãͱôˣմչɵ
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ЦЦƵļǮ˷㲻ʲôԵֲݵİգЩǮˣÿһ̳ƼӸʮǮû˻ģһͼ̳ȥܹڳٹĴǴ´ˡ
չɵ˼㲻ȥˡ
յҵȻȥǸ˷ûйϵֻǲǾƣˮҪԭϵģͬطԭϣ첻ͬľƣֻڽƣͬҲ͵ģҵܿͻȥˡ
ּǾͺãǾͺãҪˣҾͲẦˡ
Ц壬㱾ͲҪ£Ҫסһ㣬۷ʲôҶվ÷ıǲģ󵨷ȥˡ
ЦŵͷҲ֪ûȥ
ֲ֪̫ϲ̫鷳ˣ̵ִˣֵ壬˳˵޼鲻̣˵˾һҪ飬ʵͬҲȡóɹֻǿܻʱҪһЩҪȹһЩһ棬Ҳкһ棬ǿܷԼĳǷҲˣǹˣΪһ²һ£ǲеģ֮ƣǷĲȡԼ棬һҪıҪס
صû¶Ц⣬ɫĵͷСգġ
չЦһʵ˾ͱ̻ˡ
ղ⻰ֵ壬Ҹ˵ЩԭģΪЩǱ޳ĪǿȥҶӣһģҪһ㣬ȫÿ㣬ҪȡĶԵȵ档
չֱۡ
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ŽСո磬Īˣǳȡӡ
ԶԶԣҶ¸ˣ
ţҲ˵Ѿȡأ
ŽͷǰվѾȡˡ
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պǺǵҪʲô֪һô˸ʲô߰ɣȥơ
棬ֻ鼸ͷ
ֱֿð
С磬Ҳ˰
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С磡
С磡
һ˼գ˷ܲѣΪԴӺȥˣͺлս̸ˣǸɣľ̸ֻǸƶƻϸڼܡ
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λã
չֳ֣ǮЦǮô˵ģôҪӣôܲѽҿǵǰҽˡ
չɡֻһۣѻ˵á治ɫĲ
Ǯ󷽺ٺٵһΪ¸ˡ
˵׼ŽĬĬ˵
ЦǽǮˣҸôҪΥԼǿɵ⳥ǡ
ķϣ´˹С磬ҪղУҵɾȫˡ
պ˻
ķϣµԴϻެʱбͱ¶ˣҵȻ˵ҵ϶Щ˳ҵʣΪƭ
Ц϶˵ްɡ
ķϣ΢΢һ㶣СǴ
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Сߵܼ򵥣˵޵ĻôЩͻΪãƽʱȥͽͻлҪ㡣
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ķϣһʹɫ˵ˣɻ˵ġ
յȻ˵λƹ񣬽ˣصлǵģܷ׬ײıɾ͵ˡ
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յͷ˭˭Ĺ⣬ֻҶǮ׬ҸϲǶ׬һЩǮֻҪǺãҲܺáķᵽ˽˳Ǯ͢ެ¹Ȼ룬ҸǣˣյС
ԭӦҲϵˣһǱµĶ飬Ϊֵ͢һЩһϣΪǴһʵĻϣЩܹܺõ˽ǵĲƷֻе֪ǵĲƷ϶һ޶ҷǳãǲŻ⼸ᣬҾûķǳֵ
Ǯ󷽾᣿
Ϊ͢һо׼°պǺЦ
ͷģ˼١
Ψɣľа͵Цǧ飬˵˼ᣬ˭֪ˡ
ִȻǶǮϣܹ֪Ƿ¥ƷǣһΪṩǳõķǻƶۼƻѰҿͻֻҪΪ˴룬ǵĺܼȥôٶǮڻ¡
һҷǳãʵˮˮԼҲǺղһΪȡͻû˵
Ǯ̵СΪˣǻȻĻҲһֱ׷溫С簡
һ˷׷׸ͣƨ಻
Ǽ򵥵Ľ̸һ󣬴ҾŶȥˡ
չС˼
ò˼飡
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յûкչɣҲû˵ǮֵǲǶǮҪ֪飬ѻľծ˵ֵ壬˸ȡģ²Ǿ£ɲ£Ҫò˼һôǮ㻻ƨܱʯҪã
Цֱͷ
չɺǺǵֻ²Ǽƨô򵥣ٿ֪Щͻڵǵġ
չЦ


1105 Ŀʼ
вʮվҪˣѾ͸һ˿ϲˡ
ȻҪӪģΪһ֮У׬ǮĻƽʱΣͷ׬յǮҲȷʵûɶǮʲôԸ㣬ҪĶ࣬ԵĶǴ˼ңԼؼҹЩԱ
ǣҪһЩڱ
ҪУ
ҪУ
𼷰𼷣

ǻ£˵ôôã
㲻֪ɣշ¥ġò˫ʽڸŵˡ
ò˫ʲô
³ѽѵû˵ϻس͢ެ¹ȻУ붼ǳԷ¥ô
ҵ˵ˣΪҪʲôò˫ʲôô
ˮֽīǴŲòô

գ¥ġò˫ʽ½ŵ꣬ҲǺ͸ǵһݺ񡣳Ե¿ͷѣҲܹһڶ죬ǾԤʾɹһ룬ʵǷǳҪġʴ˺ͽĿ˽أһֱΪ׼
ǰĻǷǳģװͨΪûװǶԼ
վǿһ㣬ʵ¥ˮīֽѾһˣֻǲδгˮȻûʽۣҲʲô²ƷϲʵѾʱĥĲˣþʤվ뵽˰װЩھ棬ֱޱͳֶӰ
ټǰެ¹ȻƷһ£ѾǴ÷з
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ķϣվǰţ֪ҪΪ׬ǮΪ˽۴¼ʵĻ˸ϽˮϢ֪ҡ
ǮҲڳûԼ۵ĲƷ
ָ¥ûкˣ˾쳣ĽѽֻκܹһЩйصĲƷԼ²ƷǽԭϵѾһȥĶǻۣԭϴҶУЩ˼ұǻҪһЩν˼ҵǮ׬ҪһЩûж
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Цɼһެ¹ȻϹǿűȥġ
֣ҡҡͷҲô˵ϡΪЩɶެûеģôټֵ͵üʼǡҾһ˵õûȷʵҪǮÿ죬̫ණֵôȥڴ
յĵϸһʼһֹ󣬷¥һǿͷͻͽϾ¥Ϊ׼֮ã⽫Ǻձһ꣬ڻı仯ȥ
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յûʽȥŵӲ죬С֡СҰȥй䡣
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Ц壬ؽԱس̽ףʴԵر࣬ҲǶǰʵݵгǺǱġ
һʵźա
ͻȻһֽſ̯ˮܵܣʵС֣֪ԭô
ܵһСת˼£ٺٵҼǵúǰᵽԭΪЩ˼ʲôԼҪȥм
յͷݵĸ˿ǲ٣ñЩֻʲôԼ蹺ʲôݵмԵЩ壬ҵеǮֻԽԽ࣬ΪֻôϵǮֻԽԽ٣Ҫɹͱ뽫ǮͳʵһǳǱĳУͿ˭Ȿˡ
̾Сգ˵õɣ̸ףҲܹ
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𣿡£֪һ٣¹ϵع꣬ڳ꣬һֱδмһԳˣڼͥ棬һֱҪˣﻹЩţϽһߣСʵʲô𣿡
龫ﲻףֵĺˣҸҵһͦ͵һˣҽ㶼ȢҸ͸ˡ
ҲԣҪǿƵĻܳ£յͷˣһҾ͹ȥ


磡
Сո磬ǵˣ
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һ˴ǰԺгеĴʮͷ¹ڵ壬棬ƣٸҲжʮ߰ˣͬҲǱ߻ׯţֻü͸żֳɫӸǺ棬ȷЩɷ羰ʵҲͦεģЩӵʡ
еģ磬ɱ˱˻ԣģСδ㣬ҿûһû˵ǲ
µĴ磬ĵճӣع档
ɲɵһ磬һ㣬ɵЦţȴǷǳͬΪҲûеõһû
عε£ҲûиһƽϣͻȻգЦһλǳ͵÷ˡ
ңң
ոϽǰһֵռ磬ɩ
عһºգȻ֪ũҳ˼̸´ݣԵЩ졣
ٸеһĨĹâ
ЦǺǵˣˣ˵ɣ


1106 ǻ
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عЦ÷ĴѾ𳤰Ѿ֮ȥˣŸոջǶ¼Ѿָƣû뵽ᣬѾΪ࣬˸е˼飡
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ȴ磬ʲôҵô£Ϊ׵̫ˣȻ˵Ҽ޲ȥд
ĻԵ߷磬οع棬ǰҲǾܣǹʱǰ¿ǹ־֢ģΪÿۣ꣬һǿ϶ģᡣ
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ع浹ѾϰˣΪ⣬źյɵúúùܽһ£ĪҪ̫ˡ
ҾҪЦ磬²δôçײֻǲСڣڴǴϣܹԭġҲӦ֪ũҳʵһʼҶòǺܶ࣬һũҵĺûȫһ԰ң֧ңʶ֣ô˵ҪûûҵĽգñκӶҪãܹȢ£Ҳһˣֻ̫ϲͷһֱڱĬĬ֧ҡ
عһ㶣ͷһôµġ
˵ˣ¶ʣôôǼ٣ﶼǳжͿģֻҸͷۿ΢΢Щʪֻкա
ɵ椣һЦֱ
񿴵ǷôкοԽվԽϲ
عҲǸж
Ψ˷ܵµ˵̫ˣһֱ˵ҽ㱾˫ĺŮӣþûңȻСܿɵöྴһ
Ͷˣ
΢΢һۣһߴȥ
һ㶣Ī㣬͸жޣҿ㣬һߴţǲ׵ܵܰ
ⲻ֪һ䡰ûҡ¸ˣ̫˵ˡ
عһЦʱӵ÷ãţЩʣȻϢһ¡
عһ㶣æû°ɣ
û£ո·Щƣˣ
æȻˣȥϢһ£Էʱȥ㡣
ţ
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عһڣȴȵΪ¡
죡
ع桢ͬ
ŵûһƨȥˣԴҲҳˡ
΢΢üع磬Ȼǵһμ棬ȢΪޣעһˣ˽Ϊһ˲Ӧڵģʲô˵ˣȵ޿ٱֻ¾ˡ
عһۣú˵ҲͦеģСҲпܱɴ⣬ҺնѯˣҪٲ˵ĻúѹͻȻȳȥһ¡
ίΪʲô
ֻǿ
ίı죬ͷ˳ȥٳǰһϧʱÿ˵Ŀⶼߵ̫ˡ
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һƺʶʲô˵Ҳδ⡣
ΪѾͶ˹¤ţ϶ѡ¤ȻҲû⡣
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ǰ֪µĴͨݵ۳嶼ξһݸľ٣ǾʵȨģ˾ڵطٵĻ֮һǺݱΪһְûʵȨģרЩ塣
µҲǵ¹
µʱ㻹߳ҡ˵
æѽ޹أ㲻Ҳ˵ôбףǧȥ
عͷЦ˵ǣ÷ʵҲĵǳԹˣֻңܷµĻЩܡ
ջȻǰʺλʱҷǳ⣬ɢ϶ô϶ЩѹǺģǺȴΪЩ˵ȥ˼һ˵õȮ죬ﷴ෴ˣ΢һ磬żһñ㡣
ɣɣ
æҲ¸˵ǵôΪ˳ӣʳ֮»ΪǣͨݣڼݣǶΪ£޷ֱ𡣶ʥչˣһҫǶѾ֪ˡ
˵öԣعЦʵ֪Ϊ㣬һܹӹһ٣ҵŮˣԼҲ⣬˾ҲеĺܣŹһӣҲͨģǧҪ
ǸԸǳƣǲ̫ϲˣͼҲǺǿǾºΪ£ʺǵòʧʵĲǺ⡣
Ҳǽҵǲ磬粨ոչȥãֻ²ʱҪһЩ˵
ͷ˵òʵҲʲô£Ƕϱͨǧȥ
ոչȥǺǣֻ»δʼѽɻˣع棬磬Ƽݣģ
عһ㶣⳯͢㿪İЦ÷򣬴ǵĲ⣬ͱˡ
ҡҡͷˣôΪֲʲôʵҲҹϵֻǴڳλɣҲ޳٣ڻƹܣҪطϵ֧֣ҽֲҺβ½ؾǡ
ع΢΢ü
˵ÿġ
տЦˣΪô꣬мĸû¾ټ˲ŵ𣿡
Ҳǣ֮УҲҪԼǵȻԼˡ
һͰˮ£Ǵʷġ
Ц֪˾ʷݵƽʱûκȨֻҪʷˣôͻѡһʷҲҪĹ٣ֻҪݴʷߣôͿô統ϼݳ٣ұ֤֮ڣԵļݴʷ


1107 Ե±Թ
ع㶣оղڿЦģǷǳִ̽¡⻰˵ˣ˭Ը֮ܵȥй٣ҪҲУ鷳գ⽫ıģΪô뻹ǴΣǵ÷һ⣬ˣֻûҪ޳µĽ飬ȹЩ˵ɡ
ɲٵˣ
շǳֵڰ֮أƬطʢྭֻҪõĺãΪҲǳҪĹףǻ̫ò񣬿ǣִһЩطϣһЩĸ֮ضҶǷǳҪģҪڵصõһЩ֧֡ڼݳɹˣǾͿӰ쵽ܱء
ʵĴļأ˭֪Ĵһ֣ʢܶũͷҵֻܴũ﷽ֲ֣ũ͵ƸȻԭתΪƷС
ô˵ع涼Щ˼ܾˣ
ɲçײͳϣȻǼҲ̫ܻܵм⣬ҲܵشӻǳϣǱãʺԸʹʺӦˣҲٵģܻСʧ󰡣
ЦҷģһʺģŻʺӦģɩҲΣʺ󣬷ʺҲϺͽ⣬Ϊβס
ռ˱˵ģǽ˶ˣһ̫Һܶģ¾εŮθµĸ׹ϵǳãϻǽϵĴ붯Ҳõںոǰһ⡣
عǳعصһˣô£治ֻ̫ǿ
Ҳ֪յԸ񣬲̫ƣԺնԣͦģȨһ󣬲ŵͷԼŰɣ
Цл˵֧֡
عǺǵҵллǡ
ôһ˻˵һ

ҶЦ
ʱ֣һںþ鳩ҲϯˣɫҪÿˣȻع̸ˣʵϳţ֪ҷǳǳϲع棬ѹҪΪԼ۵ع棬һҪع飬ع浱ȻӦġ
ǺҲôȰ˵Ҫ˭¸ȥϣ治֪Լʲôľٶڽܿҵ£̸̸֮֮£ǳ֮⣬˶ܲʵĻ⡣
Թ緹֮󣬴Ҿ͸ԻϢȥˡ
գʵңҴ羿ںĿģ
ſںϣɫȴǷǳֱ࣬źա
̹һЦһΪ㣬ûĻҵȻȥ磬һΪһãȷʵҪطϵ֧֣Ҳ¸㣬һֱҺܾãӹ񣬱䷨ʧܶ붼ΪطϵĹԱΥƻֻܹƿصһЩĸʩ
ĻұˣµͷȻһתɬǰ˵Щأɷģ
΢һ֪ʲôȴʲô
΢΢һɡ
պǺһЦ㲻ͦŵôѵ㲻Ϊҵ
ߵұͦŵģݴ꣬ͱòôˣΪһλӡ
պȻ΢΢̧ͷ촽һ£ȻֱڻҶԣô򵥣һ룬ʧȥ㣬ҽ޷ȥ
¾Ͱյ¶Цݣ૵һǲǷѩĵ

ôϲɷ羰տЦõ˰ɣ
ºȻһ̧ͷҪĻҵҼŮˣ
͵һŮ˺òʲô
µֻռһ룬ԪĵѩĻǾ൱ܹһЩŮˣǾͳɢĵͷѩķݶǾͲԶҹв
ˣǳңȨ浽ΪǸʰ·硣
һЦȻǿЦģոôǺտ϶ˣͷһºգЦġ
պٺٵɲ
һƲɱôߡ
㲻֪Ҿϲôô
˵ͻȻһѹ¡

Ȼŵع棬ҲδȥΣΪиҪҪǽһƥɫຣ͸Ԫĵ
Ԫұ
˵÷͸ҵô
պܲŸյſڣա
͸ĵȻǴҪӲȥҲûа취ʼ
ԪһۣߵҲǽƻǳ׼ҲСõ˵̰ƥĿ
շ˷ۣЦƥѾˣһһƥҪĻվ˸
Ԫһ棿
ʼȻһƥѣġ
Ԫеܳѽ˰Σ治˵ѣЦŰɣ֣̫Ҫһƥˡʨӵˣຣ˺üƥˣѪУϷŪһºա
֪Цҿûʸ񷴶ԡ˵ֵˣм£ҵһֱ㣬ֻһֱûлᡣ
Ԫպʲô£
յ˵ɱɱң
Ԫ΢΢üͷ£Ѿˡ
յΪʲôδ˸˵
˵ΣԪЦ⹷ҲǽǽͶݣԵ±Թʥ˵ǻۡ
ճĬƬ̣û뵽˵ôĻ
ԪûĪҪСˣΪ¼һˣܹɱ̫ˣЩֻһЩСˡ
ЦЦʵҲףЩ˿϶ǵطЩɵģҪߣֵ̫ˣǶԵ±ԹȷһǳõĻӦҸ˵һлл
ԪյˣӦġ
յһллܹٻһҵҳϣҲ׬ˣֻǶƤӣֶΪˡ
ԪգգۣЦ
ʵˣĵڼ𣿡
治ɰԪյСһȥߵӲˡ˵˹ôСǲǰһĺŮӣò˫ȫ˵ؼճˣҪСмܰ
պǺǵ˶øһĨͲǵˣҵϣĵճһЩ
ԪͻȻɫһִô
ȥ󲮣Ȼȥĵʧˣ
˵꣬һ̾·ˡ
ԪվڿϣͻȻתͷȥƥţ̾һǾͺˣ˵䣬һϵëƥĿͷҡҡӣѵǴ˵еһ飿


1108 ƭ

ԪѵùһЦ˵ΪĶǶﳤģȴû뵽ӶǮʵ˼ˣǼƷһţôҺĲ㡣
󲮹ˣЦǹôӣ½ԱӣΪ˵ңȻǣҶܹĹꡣ⣬صٸӡԪյУˮԪרеĵˮ
ԪЦŵͷˣ˶٣ͻȻɫգмϷҪðһ䣬ެ¹Ȼ뾿ô£ϷҪ֪ϸϸڣϷֻ֪Ǿ᲻̣
ԪҲͶ˲ǮϽƻҲҪƻģȶԪҶԣҲǷǳҪġȻֻǹԼҵɲ֪͢Դ˵⽻ߡ
ճһ£ûбҪ˵һ£󲮣ҲҶԴκα֤ǴҲ͹Ҵƶڱ˿֮·ľģҲκƻҵƻ
ԪһЦ࣬治һˡ
һЦҪȡЦˣ֪ڵʲôⶫͷеģҪûһѶȣҲֲˣԪܹ֮ͦڣΪļ嶼սˣԪȴһδսԡн֮Ի͡
ԪһЦôһ˵ϷҲˣԪҿɲΪӣŹ񡣡
Ԫһձ뿪ˣԪĵ˳㿴ԪԪҲס
ҵһˣԪĵλãȻһƥຣԪұ
еðʱһƬرϷһٻӰֻԪĵԪ쳡ԪܡԪֵվߵ·˵ʲô
ô˰
΢΢ü֪ǹȥٷ֮һ̸£Ĳ룬Ȼһ̴߶ſ彫ȥ
ĵĵ
ԪĵԪţһ󼱴ٵĽкæͷһֻ߳
˶ʱɫһ
ĵ죡
ɫغ
Ԫĵ㵵ʲôأ
պˣָҡ
˵ʱ٣ʱ죬ѾҪԪĵǰ΢΢ԪĵǱбӣֵ˳ȥʵյҲǷǳ˵õģȻĻһսУҲҽԼƥϣֻû뵽ʷǺ³ôӣ²ɥ
Ԫĵ˶ˣϽ˳ȥ
ֽգһԪĵ֡Ȼǳ˵ã˳һԾԾźյ
ǶϺ󣡡
һ仰ǰȥǱٶȼ죬תۼͲˡ
ת˲ż䣬ԪǶˡȵ׷׶ʲô
˰
Ԫһ
Сڣ
ȥܱߴ̽һ¡

Ԫ쳵¿Ҳһһĸ֣ϽĴ̽תһȦӰûз֡
Ԫüˣտѽ˭һĶֵ׷ɱ
û𡣡
ԪЦ
˼ǣ
ԪܿЦøֻǲǡ

Ԫĵһܳ⣬һΪƫƧƽϣͣ
Ԫĵһžӱ˪ףȴ䣬ֻδֲ̫ˣͻȻɫô΢΢գ⵽ô£
ԪĵӵͻȻôһʣһȻתͷŵĿԼһжЦԲֻ㵥˵Ự
˵ỰԪĵ˰Σ֪ˣˣ벻ͨⱻˣԭһŭֱӴţղſǰŻˣƭӣ˵䣬鲻Խľ;ҲһЩġ
ƺԤƣͻȻ̶
ԪĵûģҲɿ˺գһһΣʶֱסա
ִֻġ޻Լıϣ˵ãæǻԵĻΪһҪʤһеĺɽˣΪжġ
Ҹжֻ뽫ն£
ԪĵĻһ䣬ȻɵĴ
ձѹһʱ񣬰룬˷˰ɣϽȻһת⽫ŹϣЦҾͲ㲻ң

һĲ߻ľ֮Ӧʱ𣬵ջæʱˣǽûԪĵǱߵȥ׼ģԪĵҪסһⶼûС
Ԫĵͷûлء
飡
ϣ
صˤڵϣһʱǵͨ죡
ôأ
ԪĵͷˤһĽų죬ĿԲ촽΢ţԵЩƬ̣Żŵ˹
ڲżǲһ㡣۵㡪Ϊʲôҡ
ԪĵεΪҪʲôУ
ͻȻһƪˡ£ˡͻȻһסԪĵǹ⻬ϸ޳֣ʹᣬһϢĵܴӦһô
Ԫĵʲô£
տ»֪ƭģҲңô
Ԫĵһ£ʵ̲סˣһЦǰһԸͦ˶˫ţεú񶼳մˣһסЦ⣬۵İһۣɣ
ң

Ԫĵһ񺮣Ƕ
оâһ͵Ԫĵȥ֪ȴһգŲûײֱϡ
ΰ
͵̧ͷֻԪĵվһЦ˵ƭŶûУ
ֻԼװĵˣ»Ҳƭˡ
Ԫĵˤһӣʲôˣεͻң⣬һࡣ˵ţǰҪһȴһգʶȻ̧ͷ
Ȼֻһĵɫ˿Ĩϵĺ飬ʱһ㶣˿һһ˭˿ôˣ
˿һ³ɺ޶ʱӿԪĵͷȴһ˿ۣŭС͵콫˿ҡ԰գȥᡣ
һ㿪һֻȴסԪĵ֣ЦģϷ㿴
Ϸ
Ԫĵһ㶡
յͷÿˣ˼˿Ȼ֣ĳϣֽ˿ϣԪĵһ
Ԫĵ˺һۡ
ЦоϲŶ
Ԫĵ˵񣬰룬ѵ滹ѽҽմ˿ԽԽ棬΢΢ͷŵֱߣʱһ˫ȵ˫ͻȻǺ޵˫סˡ
ϵˣ
ԪĵĵһӦǰղѣԼںǰôͱôɴδ컯֮½ӹǣŭߣ׼ʱȴǺԾ̧ͷЦǲǺܾϲѽ
Ԫĵֻ̣޲Ҹضȥݺݵľͷҡ
˵ģ
ռ
Ԫĵ£һӲӲĶƫͷһʱ˫ԭе˿һǵãק˿ģôһƫͷȥźա
Цһҿûƭ㡣
Ԫĵ˿һԭһɫСƿӣǳľ£ƿĵͼ
ЦΪ׼ĵˮ
Ԫĵһߵ֮Ľס˵ţͻȻüһ񣬵ǽģ˭𣿡
찡»ҪһЩշ˷۵˵ŮܱܲƿӿΪģ͸ҲǶһ޶ġ
ԪĵգоһĪĽźھΣģ
յȻΪһ͵͵һʦѧϰ˼£ԭΪеϲģû뵽㾹Ȼ˵˭ҿԸ㣬˭Ҳ𣬰¡
ȷģǽԣֱСһﻹȥѧô˵ȻΪ˲ͬ鰡
Ԫĵ͸ˣĴָĦǽƿӣƺоһֻڰϸ壬Ǹû뵽
˵꣬վ͵Զ벻ΪԼҲ֪Ϊ㣬ܹεȷ
ٲһ׵Ԫĵ⻰ϸĽƿӣҲһж鲻Խ¶۵Цݣлл㡣
̵һллѵûʲôʾô
Ԫĵ΢΢°ۣŪŵ񾱺ļʷ˿͵ֲƭҵĲɡ
պ൱
ԪĵһЦÿźա
˫§ڻֻ϶еٻŻľĻѣϲ·𶼱ů
Ȼ䣬ֻǼһ̧ͷȥƮѩ
ѩˣ
ֱͬ˴һۣһоǲ֮С


1109 Ϊū
ǵѩڿз裬һǣſԪĵѩ£·ãã֮ϣʣǶˡ
ǣ绨ѩ£
ʵԪĵһǳǳŮˣȻźգҲҪڿ˵ǲϲղһ𣬺ܸˣնʱ䲻ĻҲνԼҪŮ˶ϲ־ϲҲôУһԱжŮˣֻǵ˵һƿģȷǳжѾḧƿϲϸĸо
ſô
ĿƳԪĵһֱˮƿ
Ԫĵҡͷ
ΪΣ
˵Ź֮ҸôشأԪĵƷ˿󣬷һԼķʹЩңȻϲķΣϲࡣ
̵ϲġ
Ԫĵ˵ϲ㶨ֻЦԿ䣬һ塣
£ѽĵˮġҾô𣿡
ԪĵǺЦİһۣҲ֪˭ŹŪ飬ŵð
յ˵ֻ㵥һ˵Ự㲻ҪһɷԣʵǺܱ𣿡
ԪĵûˣֻΧһȦΡ
ͻȻ֣Цʵ˵Բңҳ鲻ʱ㡣
ԪĵҡͷҹһԪҶЩģοƹ²㣬˵ġ
տЦҲŸеƣϣܹķȭҵؿڣıԹţʱ̫ˡ
Ԫĵֻһ񺮣Ц¾𣿡
㶣һ˿һŽ߳ġ
ԪĵһЦֵ㻹һˣûгϢ
պǺǵףǰûô
㷽ΪԼ粵ģԪĵһҡ
յûҲӦüɣɲֹһνҸϳ⡣
ԪĵԺ죬뽫ϳȥ˵ǰ㡣
Ƶǰô𣿡
ԪĵֱӵлҪᡣ
Ϊʲô
Ϊϲ͵ƭˣⶼǾΪ
ȷǰյԪĵеɷԶأԪĵúձеɷҪǿˡ

ɫʱӲסˣòôֱӰɣʵϲʲôأ
Ԫĵһ㶣漴˼û뵽һϲģ͵ƭǷǳִŻЩЦȻ˵㲻ǻĵıôԼ°ɡ
һۣƵ
Ԫĵ΢΢һЦ·˵Ҳ˵ġ
Ҳ٣ͻȻס֫§˹Ц֪㲻˵ҽϾ̫ŵ㣬ģһʱ̱Ŭϵġ
治֪ߣԪĵеһҲֻһЦûмա
ͻȻʵˣô죬ܵʲô
Ԫĵһ̾ǵⴺĸģʽһȻļƻȥǷǳõģܷУÿĸ֣ľһ˸ֵҪǰö࣬ȻÿһƬض㹻ЩũҪ˵ġ
յͷ뵽취ûУ
ԪĵƻеһԭΪ˸ṩô࣬Ԫһȥϣҿôũ߷֣ͺñܷ磬ǿġ˵ϣźգϣܹٿյ档
Ǻֲ񣬳ܹǻһҵĻ˵оеģͻȻԺһģӰôˡ
Ԫĵ˭أ
һǺǵһͦ˼ˣҲ̫ϣҲа취Ҳûа취
֪Ԫĵͷ֪Ǻηʥݲ롣
ηʥ
ЦһδɵСӰˣҪһۣҲǺѣϾǹ٣ôùҡ
ԪĵˣǶӦþ쳢һ¡
յͷǾɣҪԪҳ棬ڵݲٸ¡

رȻǴ£ʵڴ±ϻһƺµֻһԵЩĬĬˡ
ʦҵӰ
ֻһĺдŹǷƺ޻ڷɵڣɮͬʱҲųǳɿˣɢһӳζ
Ű޻ڷ΢΢Уüͷ壬ƽݣΪʦһҪȥ죡ǰǵˣȥһ£634 ó棩
ݵĺ̵ʦƣֳٻʲô¶ãȽĻͱõȥˣʦβƺʦȥ
޻ڷɵеӾȥȶʴʦоȥˣҲ˵һľӣӴһµģһǼǰԪ͵ϣܹΪĿ⣬ѾϣٽȥԪұ
ݿɥԪҲԼȡô
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԰գ޻ڣϣʦԴ󷢴ȱ֮ģԣȻǱ޻ڸˣŰٰ㲻Ըľ˳ȥ
ոճŲãݱ߳һԪ쳣޻ڷǰлɴʦȫ
޻ڷ̾Ԫӣһɶδڿ
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޻ڷɵȻԪ쳵Ļһһмŵģȫ¾ûһŵ㣬Ԫôۣ֮ܿ⣬벻ӷ𡣡
ԪЦģԪһԼһٹǮ£Ǵлɵݵһġ
ǹؼƺڷǳҪǮ

ⷽǲϺͿˣôģȻȥͣͲʦôǵģôԶҪҡ
ĳһ·ֹģһóļһȥ·ҪɸոµɽȻãȻĹˣ⣡ʷԪұأNû¹ɽˣ֪Ԫұ׼ȥʱǶ͵ɽ£ЩðˣԪҵҲ˵һ壬Ӧв֪ҸɴҸʡ
ɱһһԾ
ݼæ壬
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ƶɮʴ壬֪Ԫұ
Ԫұ֪
һϲæƶɮһֱ棬ɽʴ˲֪ܹ֪
ǲָϱߵ·һС·С·߰ʱɿԪұˡ
ʱ
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ݰյץץͷľϱȥеôԼ·߹һƧС·С·ȥɸߵһ㹦򣬺Ȼһнľߡ
ݴûô¹ɽôӵ£һŷӦ󺰵ٰ
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˵ţæվü۵Ķһûˣתȥеðٲʱͣһ֮ԪҶҷɵ鷳ʦֵܣɴôãܺˣҲܵĻҾͿΣܳΪūȥ̣ȥۡ
Խ˵Խᣬ˫ȭôԼԴ
ԥԥʱͻȻôҡҲ۷ɣҲһ˵úã˾ҲˡΪԼһ󣬾ʹƺ·ȥ
ճС·ã·ڵɽϱˣǺպԪĵ
տݵıӰЦǺǵĳҶԽԽˡ
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պǺǵŷǳʧܵһ档

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Ԫüֶǹ壬Ȼ˸ڴ㵹˵˵ںδ˸ˣ
ݵϱ￪С·ϡ
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Ԫݵɵˣߣ
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Ԫ쳵൹̸ϣֻǡ
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1110 ײ
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Ļŭţ̫ˣǵ·


1112 һҪ
뵱޼ΪôƴĻסʺ󣬵ȻΪʺ˽ŮһǳҪԭ̫ӵ⡣
ڷ⽨У̫Զһش⡣
̫ҿɲãǳ޼ãΪ̫ӾԤʾδһˣҪģֻвϵĽǵܹ̳ǵȨŻڳмʯ
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ϳ̫Ѿǰ϶ˣǸ˶֪ǲĽԼȻĶӣҪ̫ӣͱ빮̳޼һɵĵλ帮ǿ϶ڵ̫ӡ
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1113 άƽ
ɵĴЦղͻȻʶԼѾûڵһԷˣһܰĸоҪӻʧˣһǳĸԼ¥ÿ±۲һأҪõĸоš
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ҶĲ죬׷ױˣŪú顣
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Ҫ֪֮ɶжԹģǴʮг𱨳ԹԹáЦܽѹ䱾óˣ׼һѩǰܡ
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ŭ
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ЦһЦת뿪ˣһѾ߻ħˡ
аûа֣һǹҾưСӵЩܲˣ͵һ̧ͷۿŹǣҧгݵǣҪǽվͰ¸˰ɣұõѾҪܲסˣٲӦսһǲˡ
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ǵĵ㻹ǲ飡
ûҾһˣĶֻýⴺ顣


1114 ͷҪ
ǲ飬ȴȡ飬ǿѾײϵĵزܻ̩ܵɽյӮǮС֮⣬ЦѾӺ磬ֵ죬ƸۣˮһսҪӮǮǶǮû̫ĸҪҪӮҪ֤һʧȥģǿֶ
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δ֮ʱٹѰƷ׷λж̫Ⱥ򣬵ͨһʢ
ʱʵۡʺԳм̫
֮ƣվ̨֮ϣ䣬ʱͷһ򶫷ڳϼӳ£ĵһ籡Ⱥʱߺꡱ·µĹԽ˲ڣƵĹ
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ηǳˬ˵վûʵˬģǣﶼĵģķ·Ǻεȵķ⡣ȻһĻûﶯģǾͲö֪ˡ
ꡱǻ̫ӡڴطĺرɶסݵĹ֮ެĹ׵ȵݡ
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Уһȫƾ˷Ը
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ǳϲΣϴһطҲЩƣʵ³ȥߡ
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յֻҪھ֮أȥģҶȥ
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һκ˹ǲ˵Ҳ϶ǹ¤ŵĳԱɲܲҲ֪Էǰͷģʱһε¡
ȴвˣ˵ȻԹΪأҿɲȥ̫ɽɨѩ
ɨѩŷôղûЦУΪȥȥ·ļƻδȡҪż
ǰֻŶˣһŴ󣬻һòãӢ䲻й붼Ǻӽһ㶼ҪߴһЩ
ţʧԶӭ££
չš
ŴæΪŴκνգƫǣףĻǶ·ģԳô˵ƽô˵һԷǹŴŽһԵԳɣλݴʷ
¹ԳɣԳǱŤһΪʿĹϵǺյ̫Сˡ
ңң
չһֵλ
Ŵʵιڼô
ЦŶԼ̫ʷǳȥˡ
ŴЦŵͷͻȻĿԳ
Գյɣ¹ֵصݷúɵģֻ͢չƻݵ̶ﲻ¹ٶԴ˲˽⣬Ҳ֪Ӧԣһ
ңңǺЦóԴʷһˬ֮ˣҲֱ˵ˡ
ԳһĨԸꡣ
պǺǵԴʷϾҪɻڴˡ


1115 ŷ
ʵйǹŴִԱҪǳע̸ֹģЩ٣ٱҪλȻĻһ۾Ϳһ̰ٻ߾ҷðնԹٸʧȥĵģʵݼڹٳȦ
ԳСõĽڹٻңһǵһ뺫մ򽻵⺫յĻϺյı飬ȥȫһ࣬һɵӣûĸԱͷؼ˵ǺǣҪɻڴˡһô˵͵Ϊ˸ѽ
Ҳ֪λش
յ·ŴѽһЦ̸£ԭ̫ף͸ˣʵʵҲŪľ棬ľǼ٣Լ磬Ҳֻкᣬ̫ƭˣ޼ô棬Ҳ治ʮˣһǲа
ôôðһ˰Գһ˿Цݣźյˡ¹޶ۣ֪ɴ˻Ӻ˵𣿡
ƾݣ
ЦԴʷҲ˵ƻƻĹؼڿ·¸ͨؼʲôȻ·ݿǽͨҪ֮ŻͨһڹĮ忤֮ʺҲƻľ辡ݣҲ˵Ǵݳ
Գ˵ͷԹǽͨҪһҲδ
ݱǾ¡óصأչѾǳˣ˶֪˵Щûκ塣
պǺǵԴʷǫˣݵǱԶֹˣò˶ãݾͻ볤һ㷱
ԳŴ͵һݱøһ㷱⡪̫һ㡣
Ŵ󶼾ɣδ˵
ЦΪǻһļƻұǴģԴʷˣҾܹԴʷ̸ƻĪİ
ţԳúֲں˵ģȭܹõɵָ̣¹ٵˡ
Դʷͼˣչֻһ񣬵Դʷܹڼ̸ܵ£ɼԴʷ㡾ְأΪݰ룬˾壬ڵġ
ңң
ԳЩյʵҪǰͷģߡ
Ŵæɣʲôƻǿ˵ҿǵȵļˡ
ղʵɣΪʲôô
Ŵһ㶣ǾʦȻ
ҡҡͷ⻰Ҳûû˵ϣʹԭΪ˿ڶ࣬û˾̸Ϸ
Գʲôϵ
˿ھǹؼڰյҪݸһ㷱ʵܼ򵥣ֻҪ˿볤һ࣬ôˡ
ѽ
ŴȻֺأ
Ц͵ǻгó׼ƻ
гóף
ԳŴͬ
Ϊ̫ͨŸж̫ȣΪгΪó״ڵģʲôƻ
ͬʱҲ֪гó׼ƻ϶
յҴƸոʷǺ³Ѿƿͳ͢ϵǷǳģ˳͢Żƶƻӱ˴˵ϵ֮ѡҵΪҵͨģܹͨϵǰ泯͢ȥͶʣֻǵһЩ·ͻμǿ˴˼ϵ͵гó׼ƻгóףɲǽһгггóףָǵ֮䣬֮䡣
ԳŴһۣȱг˽ǣЩǺס
ֵδڣ͢Ϊ㣬г֮⣬бͥȡ٣Լաóһг֮ĻｫԱӣΪ̵ͨѶȣʵͨ·;ңԶúܶȴֻҪһ⣬ôƻͻȡشɹ
гó׾Ϊ˶ԸߵֻҪ͵ݣɻƷ˵ձɻȡԭƷҲ˵ÿһгֻһתվյ㣬Ҳ㣬һжģггеĳһ˶ԣʹĳɱ˿ɽ͵վˣԭ˽͵ͥͿԣ¹Ȼ˳ű㵽ݣެ˿ȥ٣ȥݡ
Ŵͷѹȥ·ֻҪ·ؿˣ˲ŸԸó׽

յ˵ѣǿó׵ĲšȻгУ֮ء
Գ˼ͨһڹĮ忤֮ʺ
ˣ
ЦݿǺȵŻԭƷıؾ֮·ԭڵƷݣȻݷַأͥ򰲱¹Ȼ롢ȡͬʱҲ۵ݣݵַԭء
ӴĻ̻ҾͲ˵ˣʱ½һټùҲǲõģһټùݣֵжˣз꣬ȵȣʱݸİȫ۵ݳݱñضǻƽ𣬼Ҽһܹ׬ݰնȥˣݵָδأ
ܼ򵥣ģԪңðսسصˣֱ֣ݵع滮Դʷô˿Ҵ˿ڼ˰ģô˰ձȻӣ˰ˣͺãͬʱջԣˣݽҲˣݶʵķԾΪݳٵԴʷң㻹ʲôɲɻڴ
һԳ֪ջûиЦƻУݼֱŷѽʵߣˣԳҲһǳˣŷƣȻ֮أôһ˲ҲԴǳʵǲָ֪ϳ͢ƻ
޼ϸûרһЩݰһĨɫԴʷֻҪ㼴ɣȣ·ûе·ûһС
ΣҵóصأǶǿˣؿҪĺܼ򵥣ǳԺһ׷ֻҪˣ˯Ǯˡ
ҲΪҪһ㣬ǰȫ⡣ûаȫ˭ݣݻǾ;صأžҪأԴʷҪڲȫ⣬ԵȷǷһǬ·ʰţҹջù̱߷ֹ֣Ȼⷽ泯͢Ҳֻ֧֡Ҫ㣬ǶС⣬ȥ޲
һԳóϷ׸ΪʲôὫøգҲǿƨģ˵ֻ˵һţǴǳǽггóף֮ó׿ҪĶ࣬ȭлɴͽ̣¹ٸм

ҲվԴʷҪһ㣬˵һΪݴʷԴʷΪˣδʽ̨ǰϣԴʷܹڣǰ¶»ġ
Գ¹ס


1116 ֵԽߣԽ
Գһ䡰¹ףǺҪġ
뵱ǷѾĻҪõ¤ţΪľһգΪҪ˴ӵ࣬ûж˼ҪĿҪʩļƻҪֵģǵطϣ߾·ߣǵطĹԱںնûжáҵ·ߣ̫Ҫطϵ֧ˣԱҪҪ
Ϊһûбˣûκλ¶ôͷʼȵȫҲˣûʲôͷˡ
ֱӽó޼ɵӣгʱ䡣
һ㣬Ѿ¶ˡ
յĲҲǳֹģڻ߶ˣ襡áơԳնˣ϶ҲǸߵģΪڵƶЭʱѾˣȾնǱ߰źոƻ
ΪʲôһʼɻڴʲôгóףʵҲûôżþΪ԰ڣΪ֪̫ˣҲǹ壬ԳЩ˲һݷֻ֮٣ҪһЩ汾£óϷĻܹܺõִļƻ
δûнףʵƻƣӦǴͳƻôгҪܱ϶ͻǨƣϽһЩʵϽƻӵһģǺռƻΪҪתվԱﱱ
ƻʵĿģҪ׿ҪƻݻЩ֪ú˱ԭһƷǳԭҷûסǲգܵԭ٣ӳߣгɻʵг͸Ȼû˵ʵ֮ǳĿġ
һ㣬յǲҲһǿ۹ǰ۹ջԷչΪ˵ϻһެ񣬷ެͰ۹ǺΪĵĵطҵаյģһնûУȻƳںţǴ̫󣬺һᾡսġ
̸֮󣬺ֽ磬ǰѾԻʵ໥˽⣬ǷǳбҪģǶںնԣ˽һȺˣóģԳ˲ЦҲǲԴǣֻǲϲ˵һЩαĻһʵߣұȽʺǣԳƺںʿֻϲ־֮ͬ˽
ʵԳʼںջЩִģ޹غյĳؼںǱߵģҲϲ帮ڵˡ
ǽһֺն²ˣֻΪҺͰ룬̸˰죬Ҳû˵ɣֻǸһ㰵ʾԼˡ
ԽԽͶ
ֱʱ֣ԳŴ뿪

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ʵҲ뵽ˣղŲµǸκɣˬԼ˷ǳˬģε̾ұһأκæ
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ʲôƭҵģ
˵㳤°


ֵԽߣԽһ仰ĻǺվǴƵһ˧ûκԣܷʱȥ궼⡣
Գͷ֮ǰݷõĹԱﲻ붼ػؼ̽׵ĹԱҪôҪôǴʷǾʵȨˣǳйԱûУҶ붼ǹ¤ųԱҲǳ޼һɵġ
ǰݷãȻҲͷô򵥣ΪҪǣǻؾգѾδ򣬸ĪĹϵҺո˵ӡǽǮƸƸ˵ľټԳôҺգطԱͶմϹϵҲߡ
ѵûһˣɵץᣬȻĻȵʱûãְˡ
ڣϻǱ᳹ʱڵߣ䷨ĸֻǶһЩƶأһЩ飬֣֣⻹Ǹ֣䲻ڣҲû˵Ҫ̣ԭĸĿں߾νǱв˾ƣ壬ҵ·Ҳû˻Ὣĸ
ֻһЩ¤ŵĺĳԱԳָˣղŻ˵ô䣬Ҳ࣬Ϊʵ̫ҪˣձøԳеϵԭصĻջǱĬǸı䣬ûдһһӣǸϵĽǵϴǽҪҵġ
һգͣЪʲôزЩԱȷԤԼʱ䣬˭ԼͳԸ㷹Ҳ磬ǰ
ع桢˶ɵˣrʱҲⷬrôĿŵĸ㣬ʷ̨쵯ᵳ˽
ǺոκԤ룬δ߹·ûطϽĸһǳҪľٴ룬ʷ̨Ҳõط뻧ϵ񻧲ͷ棬ܵɡ
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갡
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1117 ǧ𻹽
ͷһؾЩͷǶôĿɰǺ޲øһӵ
Ϊһ¸Լǳʱ䣬Ҫ֪ȥԪҺԪĵѩԭΪԼʮٷǳţƣ֪ԳǾһȥֲòϸ
һ̣հˡ
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Ҫ֪ʮͷһڹڼܵЩĿ佱ǰмؾͽŪˣ˭ǹࡣ൱˺þڵȵ죬ڵڶգ·ǳ󷽷źճ椡
ƨƨߵȥԪұԪұûһգ˵ǾͷˣкĳԱȫͶ뵽Уջ治˵ʲôⶼΪѽ
ԪĵȡϻصĽѵˣͣеĻרźա
罺ᣬûôݡ
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ոһĻ𾪲ѣվм䣬еƤת

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ټ٣ʵʵó˶Щͷۣɻ
̾˿ʵһǮֻϣܹһǮԼֻҪܹȻĻţҲŻᰲȫΪ֪û֮ǰ㲻ģ᲻һеңôҶԣֻҪţҾͲپ
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СҰͷҪǰҵҲܹ׵ģѩʱǵĹϵ񻺺˲٣Ϊʲôһصֱøǰһ
΢΢¶һĨЦΪҪȥһ˵һִСҰļϣ̾治һöܹ쳣ӣϣңСҰǧҪȥһˣͷʵ޵ֻԼˡ
СҰƲ죬Ƶ磬ʱҷʦĺʲô¶úܸӣҲŲҪһǾɱ£г𱨳жܼ򵥰
ʸʦᲢۣһЦֵ˵úܶԣҪһг𱨳ж˵ԺͻȻһӰ룬ģǲǸȥӹıģҪŪ鲻ˣ𹿰ͽǶˣһݣСҰǸϽȥõ㶫Ҵỹȥһط


1118 
գѹû·ѽ޼ϸ绹طҲ֪ǹĥҵģ
ѾܼȲһףȴޱ᫵ĵ·ϣֵģʵ̫¶ˣҸ˵˵
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ǻʺǻʺʹֻһˣأ̬򷽣ɼķ绪Ǳ治ģѾγһϰߡ
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΢΢ƫף䵭Ŀźա
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վǸϰһһÿεݰɣ
ˣʲôһÿεݣ
հڳһΪʦ飬źԡ


1119 רҵ
ʲôЦҪһ㸣ûУΪëҪڼڵʱܵɽҰˡ
ԡʱʱһһĨɫϱ֮ǰûбֳŭһȻΪףķŭֻ裬֮⣬ܴκ洦ŬıԼķ緶һǳǿŮˣƽ˵ⷸٸϰˡ
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ʶĵĿͭеԼ漴һ˿ϲźա
Ҳ·ˣձŵԼҿ԰Լ·


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ճȪУ˫ſͷ΢΢Ӻһɫӣ˫Ŀ΢ϣһܣȥͦǷġ
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ʼ磬ԳЦǵȻഺ塣ŹѸǳįϲС⣬ϲᾫ׳ˣҡ
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Ѿ˸⣬С飬Ͳ˽զһϾֻ£־־壬ͬ麫գյͻȻԼ඼㲻ʲôĨһ۽ǣ벻벻㡪
ͻȻĨһһ棬֪ʵʵĺܻʮ仰ʮһǼٵãԡһҪסĸҲҪ졣


1121 飿
Ծʽ˵ЩӦðΣŵ㡪ʲô˼Īǰ˵öƭҵģ
һۣ찡ôô棬⵱ȻƭѽҲţ㶯룬ôȥԼôҳ٣ֻһԭ򣬾ǶԷǳƯȻǿԿֵԷģ֪ģұȽϲѶһĶѡ̳Է
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ǰ̵㶼ˣŮˮģ㲻ҪѹԼֻҪѡһֺʵչֳͿˡƵķ˷ۣôʵҲŮ˵һ㷽źԱֳˮһˮҪıԼıʣֻԱ䷽ԲôŮҲˡʱԷɧŶһı﷽ʽǽһ䡮滵Ҳˡ
͵ѧŮ˵ƴס촽ԼЦ
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һ治˼УΪս̵ЩҲֺʱһЩ˵ĶֻмôҷǳŮô룬ɼ˵úеǺģֻǴδ˽ЩܽϿΣҲΪʲôǰȥ÷ǳĸЦ˼ˡ
΢΢һƳ΢΢¶һĨЦ⣬ͻȻϴҲˣ
δ䣬ûһմˮվȻǴŴ̿ģɲǱ¶

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ǰصľ飬治֪ʱʼºյĽѵҪੲǷǳµģΪչĺܣ֪ʲôҲ֪˵ʲôܹʹ
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̵ڳõĶУ黹𣿡
΢΢Ц˷ǲľ飬ԶΪ֮䣬ǵƶ飬ʵһжǻȡ


1122 
ȵڶգʱȥա
ʯԣӰһͭžеԼãá

ӹɣһǳʦΪ֪ս̵ģ㹻һʱ䣬ڵĻѹѡɿռ䣬Ҳ֪ʵһǳŮˣֻԸھǿǽɽ׸ģƣ⻹ÿԼǷԸıԼ
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ڻʳڣΪ񰲾յģŪʳڵĻڽ񰲾ֺͰոˣŪȶ±ϣķ羰Ƿǳ
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ҲûнͣΪһڶǿյģòһֳֳġ


1127 һѪ
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ʵһ飬ص㲻Ƿ̫ӣǲܸıģǳ޼ɻȨؼҵ³
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ͬƷǻʵֱӼӷģûʲôʽʵ۲ˬֱӽְƸժˣУ䣬Ǿ࣬ںʵ۶øҲνİ࣬ʵҪ볷Ҫһϵеʽģ襡λҲ˺ܾãһǳĽڣŽǸɳȥ
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⣬ǴůˣǰݺİأһҰʮͷţܷݺҰ֮ϣνһɷʢ
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һԱоǰ˼ʣȴμ穣Ϊܶûиţ˼ҵĸţȴִţ棬Ƕóˣνﾡãû֣ճһҪʤȥꡣ
ΪⶫֵĺճɾҪãǳǺܴģûҲ֮⣬˰Ҳˣǲҵ˰ũ˰ũʥľԼӶӲˣһ໥ǣƵļܹ
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ǿԸɣԪֺǺЦһͻȻⲻкɵĸôҪǺɽ˵ũˣҲôҪǷ˳ãһиʲô˻ǿ¾͵ҹ˰ôҲܵɵ
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ŴʼˣȻЦģ⻰ܼ򵥣Ҳý˰ҽڣҶϤĺܡ
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ߵһȺԪ֣˼Ҳ̫Ҫ˰ɣ⺫տǵĵ˰Ƕڹȥ̸ô
ԪҾУǮҳЩеûģ
Ԫ֣϶ߣԪҵĻҲϰˣһٶУֻǮǮ׬ҾͶѡ
ǻ˵ǧ˵Ĵ󵥰ƾðģǰǧ˵ǰС༸ʮˣ˼ԼҲʳȥԸ㣬ӪĿ϶ܷҳ͢еʳ
Ȼ⺫տһǱڵĳΨһĴͻΪջʲôǲʳΪûصģֻסլõأõأӲأǺΪĵطˣԼҲأʳǮձ빺ʳǧ죬һٷһóԶʳһö٣ӹؼǣĹ˶붼ûأҲȥʳǼֱȱĻϵ
ЩӶˣϵĸԼɲôȥˣǽˣǧǲϣеȥͽẫաԪȻֻǮСǮ˼ԪҿԪֶԿڣɼж
ͨɫһ䣬źЦǺǵɣ׷ˮҲУҼһЩ򣬺Ļ⣬ҶˡÿǵҲͺãҲΪһģĻչΪɣϵŮ˵ʿ֮ˣλѾָı䣬Ѿǹȥʽˣһײˡ
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Բģ㲻Ŵαظնؼ㻹˼ڿɻǻɣڹ˽绯ɸΪ񲯣Ԫִͷ
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һԵŴ󶼿ɵˣջЩŻͷֱˡ
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ҶգŴڡ
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ԪֶѽƻǴ롢伯ţǸҵйصİ
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Цܼ򵥣͢԰ΪأԸΪأֻҪڻۻǣҲҲȥҲȥǿԡ

İΣԪҿ˿ִҶĬԾúЦЩ˺ա
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źܶˣԭҶѽˬ͵ӣǮ˰ɣҲûǩʥľԼ˵ţͷȥԱͣһ¥һ׼٣
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Ŵ̵ȥˣҿš
յˬ죡
˵ָ꣬ԱкȻ㼱Ҵҵ뿪


1139 汰
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ҿ˿ǶҰ֣ǻֺ
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Ԫ̼ӿ첽ա
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ʵԪҹʳõģ֮⣬ջǮҡҹʳܵչ˱
ˣնԴֻǫһЦɴ˿ɼʱмʱ;زýǵš
ԪֹһЦСûǱ˭Ҫˣ⣬ĵɡ
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ԪĵͷԪҲȱȱټйӶƣЩũɣﳵΨҪȥ壬ĵ綼ҪڹӶƵĻϣɴģĲԷﳵĲߣǲǽԪҵȼü֮
˼ĵͷҷǳ޳˵ã͸ӵȥԺΪֵĹʹڵģǽһЩ죬˵òߣǰûеģҪõ֧֣ȷһţҪһܺõĻԼҪָҲܹܹĹ
Ԫĵüһ壬˼ǣ
Цűȥһһ㣬ܹʹ
ԪĵȵΪҪôʵɻѾˣҪȥĥ
Ԫǣ˺ݺԪݣԪĵѾԸרſݵĹͷҪݣһ㣬Ͼ˶ϧ֮ģӣݲںԣںǲɻǲܵġ
պǺһЦΪĻҾͿԳ䵱Ļǰˮ֮УʱŻҸж£ԼܣԺΪã˶мԵģֻʧȥ֮󣬲ŻᶮϧŻŬĹ
Ԫĵˣ麫ԪŶѽʱźա
ԵûпֵʽﳵһҪұܣ
Ԫĵ㵵ΪΣ
յһõʽﳵȥºЩǰҫˡ
벶ȸںԪĵһֱΪڰԪѰ˲ţȴû뵽ʵԪѹݣҪժҵˣ˶ӡ
ԪĵźհΣ汰ɣ
Լظ
ʲô˼
ûпڴŹ۵ô⵱ٵĸ޳ܡ˵źٺһЦ·֮󣬲ĺա


1140 ͬ
ˮһձԪĵԪұȥˡ
ǸţǿŵԺߺգԪȥһˡ
ԪԺڣԪ֡Ԫš
󲮣
ˣɣ
֮Ԫ͵գҷ˵ǰЩǶǸ׳Ƴͽᣬʵ˸еⰡ
Ц󲮹ˣΪΪΪˡ
Ԫ󣬵ܹ⣬Һǣǲ뵽һˡ
յͷҵ뵽ֻû뵽ôҲҸ߹ǡ
ԪԪһۣ漴ǺЦ
Ԫֵ˵ҲǷˣҪ˿ǧ죬ֻ»ᱶѹʳѰǧȴһ޼᲻ݵֻ°ͽ˻ԽԽࡣ
ЦҲóȥǧ죬ȻĻһжǰ״
ǰ⻹ÿ汾£Ԫͷֵһ˵ᵽ۵⣬£ҵҲ㣬۾᲻ǣ
곤һǵģյͷ
Ԫֵǰ治ô˵ġ
յǰֻ˵ΪǼǲģû˵۲ǡ
Ԫֺ벻ǣɶ˵㣡
˵㣬гģյϡΪΪʲôǰ漸۵˵͹ȣʵܼ򵥣Ϊûʲô˹ʳɲͬˣҵˣ˱Ƚ϶ˣԤʾźܶûԸģʽЩԭҪʳˣҲȥʳˣ˶ˣȻͻǡ𣬵ۿ϶ήͣΪƷˣ۸ήʵǡ
Ԫͷ֮ۻǵȥ
յ಻ᳬʮǮһ
Ԫ־ȵҲ˰ϱ䣬ࡣ
ЦʵۣѾһоˣгŻǵʮһǮǻٸǮǷΪ˴̼ũҵũת˻ˣǻһᱣ֤ũȨ棬ͬʱҲһũΪũѾʣˣҲ˵ز٣Ҫ֤ʳĲͬʱũøأũŻḻԣһũʮĶأԶõġ
Ԫȴüǳ͢߾ũ̡
ĵĲۻǶ٣ǵȻǺ£ӹĵ˺ũ֮ƽ⣬ҵģʽΪһԪҾĿŵˣΪţǼ沢أǳ͢ģԪҲ͢ԵԭҵԪҸߵ·ҵĻҪ沢ȥţƸܹۻ
յҴƱũҵǸǰ˵ЩɲǺ˵ģǳ͢һ̼ũҵֻǰȰũɣͬˣҪǽ˶ũҵУôũҵ˻أ϶ǹҵǻũҵĻģչҵôƲũҵҲǹҵҲǴưٳ߸ͷһҪƻ
ԪͷϸϸĥźյһǷǳҪģΪڷ⽨ᣬ͢ζһУֻУɲܱۣȻĻҶꡣҺһӴʹԪƶϽƻϽƻʵũҵƻҵƻݺԣ͢϶һũ˿ڣôũгԽԽϽƻũͲȥһҪʱгȸռˡ
뵽ϽƻԪͻȻ뵽ʲôƵãգԪܡԪǶ뿪ˣֻԪܺĵڳӦ֪ɣ
յͷ
ԪԪұ̸һУ̸ֽؼȥִСͬԣȻڣǹݺϵûϤˣЩطɽ߻ʵԶȥͽЩԱĻǾͳԶˣǲԤ񣬵ԵĻϣܹһЩԼȥЩطʡȥ鷳
Ԫֵ磬ҪЩˣ֮⳯£ɶһдԴǲġ
ԪǺǵҲҲʶѣҪ󡣡
һЦʵ㲻ʣҲôϰͻ㶨µģôҲȫΪϽƻԼҲҪȥ᳹ҵļƻ
Ԫϲãð
ɲһѶϵˣ࣬ǵȻҪȨı棬ȻҪȨʲô
ȻҲôΪġ

콥ԪұĸСԺ
ʽţȫʽԷһϲģ
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ԪĵææµģѾ۵ģЩ½ȥˡ
ôᲢۣȫͬɰҶİЩóô
ԪĵһĨжĿţͻȻǰҵھΡ
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ԪĵĲҪ˸еΣʵʵ治ʲôõġ
ղʲô˼Ī㲻ϣң
ȻȻǣԪĵһ򶼶ߣһҷӦҾܺá

ҡҡͷô룬ֻΪ㻹ûһһһڿһ򱶵ģһ̶뿪ҡ
ԪĵһЦ治Ҫ
ǽʵ˵˫գϣǳ㣬ΪҵھΣ㣬ԵĻҵ춼㣬ھֻæûп㣬³ҲΪֲʲôһЩգһЩϲֻû뵽Դ˵䵭·Զ⣬׸δжŬ
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ɲУԪĵشķǳϣǲô˽Ҳ˵ԪңҡǿɶǶĴ壬⣬Ҫ´ȥˣǵļǳܾ㲻Ҫ̫ˡ
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1141 Ȩܹ
ա


˯ˣۣװģôأ
װģԪĵһ죬ʱˣȥˣ
ͻȻֽ§˹ȥڼ㡣
Ԫĵüһ壬УڿǻɣҲÿ㣬Ϸһ㡣
ҪǾ޳ɣٶ㼸նУԪĵͬڹһ˿õľԪӣҵ
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ԪĵҪҸ֪ġ
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ЦģҲ磬һὫִסġ
ԪĵڶСġ
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ֹǺȴ񣬡ֻЩɶǳ׷ƨʣҲǣ
Ԫܾȵԭø֪
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Ԫĵȵ˻
յΪԵΪľãһֻξãǲܳԶģô˵ɣҴÿ˼ҰƸĶкãȻŵһ棬պǺϣһľá
ԪܡԪĵǲźա
ս͵⼦ԲεģխмҲ˵ɵ٣мɵ˶࣬ԲƸеĻô϶˾Ǵ֮ˣľͿ϶Ǵˣмľǳƶ֮ˣԣ֮಻ˣԹ֮˶ǼҲıġ
ǲܶ࣬˾ͻܶ⡣ǿʲô׬Ǯǿô¶ˣô˭Ķò˶ãţΪˣҪӵйûйûһУ˴ƶ֮ˣѵ׬ǮҪȺΪʲôƶ͹Ǹչ
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⣬⼸ջʹһ綼û͸ȻҶ֪帮ϣģǻмλӻỨ˭أ
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ΪεǣŸУҪǲĻǾûһǳԹ¤ŵģǰͲ˵ˣ¬ǳɽʿ壬ʦǳԽʿ൹ǹˣǺųǴӾ޼һûκιϵ
ǵˣ¬졢ࡢïֱռ̲£ǰɶǹ¤ŵΧ
ƶɶǴδֹģ˵κͱˣΪһֱƶӹбλ·ߣ϶й¤ŵˣֻǶٵ⣬ȻһûУͺѰζˣǴбλֻǼ޼ڳебλһǳشת䣬ǶʷĽ̡
һԱġ
պʹûôΪʵѾǻˣֻǺյ̫СĻͿˣλøǰ浲ţȻĻˡ
Ǹո෴̫ˣѾˣ붼ڼԴնûϳֻܼӷһЩ˾ͼӷ˺һ̫ӡǼӷһݴʷԼ̫ӱ͡
һոָӵȨĵˡ
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ղɵðߵˣ˰


1142 ʦ
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ССüͷһۡ
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Եͷ˵Ҳ޵кιϵ
յ΢ȻΪʦ̫ӵѣǿʤεġ
ѣξȵźա
ҲˣⱲֽÿ찡
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յȻע⵽Сһˣͷ΢ѧʵÿ˵⣬Ϊÿڳɳжָķգ΢̫Ҳ⣬ջѹУһ΢Ϊ̫ҪһԱ߿ʱ̱ŻֹϵĽ̬̫ӵĳɳĪİѧʵĻ΢ȷ̲˶٣΢ѧ̫ŽСѧϰһЩѡ
ںߵʲôѧֱ޻̸֮
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帮̵һֱúɵѧȴпȡ֮ã֮ʱҲܹɵҸ棬ǳ
ֲ̫ˣ帮ָ֪ľǵΪԼĸ׺ֳɱɱֳ˱ϥһ¡
Ų뺫սĳ¶˳Ҳΰźյ̫ʦд㣬ô򵥵ģֻҪֹճ̫֮ʦѾǴﵽĿˣΪŴʦıǷǳߵģһΪʦΪ߱ʦݵģѵĻνǹˣողŵΪС£ֵûϵףôȫûҪ
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һĵԴΪʲôȱȱѣʦѸˣ̾չֵҽ룬֪մ
С޻ͦģչֻºա
һ̫Ӷ̬Ҳֻա


1143 սԳ
ʵղû˵ѣûиҲᵱ̫ӵʦٸУΪ˳޼ɵĽ飬ܷ̫ȡû׵ģΪ֮Ĺϵؼ̫ˣǸ̫Ҫڱף֪̫Ӷԣʦ̫ͨˣλҺܶʦο϶һλѣʵ۶ǹ¼ҹ˵ģ˺Ҫ̫ΨһˣΪΨһǲġ
⣬Ҳûй˾ĸ̫ϿΣϣܹԼĿռ䣬Ǿй涨ʱ̫ϿΡ
Ժ뷨ڵ˿Ҳ帮ڿʦʥģģúճΪ̫ӵʦǵвܴ
һķ磬ٳ˴¡
Ϊʲôѡգԭ϶кܶ࣬ǿ϶࣬Ǻ̫ˣʹѡúΨһһس䵱̫ӵʦΪౣңҳ϶ӶǷǳҪģΪʲôңΪΣҪ֪ոҿ仰û˵ġ
ζںҲǳ˽⣬֪˱Ƚظ飬ϣһЩѪ̫ߡ
Ȼο϶кܶĿǣֻǵ֮ģ˭˿Բ͸
Щֻǲˣյ⻹ʽࡣ
¹ǰ˭Ϊ࣬ڳٺ͹ҶԣŷǳҪ壬ʵģɣºܶ󳼶ҡڣ֪͢δʲô¶ηηβ¾Ͷ帮⼸Ϊģӡ
ھˣβת¤ˣûиˣðͽİͽᣬ񣬴ǱΪҲãЭҲգˡ
帮ڻصϣʹϯʵҲѽΪǰȥصĹԱûһҲаʮ͵Ƕѻɽ޹򣬱帮ʮҪ׬öࡣ
Ϊʲôô˿ȨΪЩ˭Ϊ룬Ҫ룬ҲõȵԼ˵
ϣ;飬帮棬һЩ챦֣ⱲӾûмô鱦帮ǰһв׼ôãǵõһЩر쳣ͣδ㽣ǲԶ
֨ѽһʶĽе鱦ľ棬һ˽üͷһ壬ѵʱܷš
Ǹһϵ鱦̾׹Цֱͷǰ帮ҵʱҲûٸ帮ɫɲͬˣ帮˵ʲôʲôһذ죬ǷްɷгϢ͵˷ܵ˹вһݱһأҴһ£кüǧᡣ
帮Цżǧѣ͸˳ڿˣҪ˽ˡ
ǣ˵ǡǸ˹ɵĵͷһζţ˹ȥС޼ɡǵʱǵɶڳ٣ǷҲÿǵĶӡŮڻֻ񲿵һƷС٣λŮǰûżֻǹһְڳҲҪ˰æԼҵǱŵùһЩ
帮Ц⻹õ˵ôѾڰˣò˶ãǾͶȥУҪȥμӿƾ٣帮ĶҪЩӵһʱ̣ʱֱˡ

νһ˵õȮ졣

Ȼڵڶգں̫֮ʦϢܿʹȥ˵վǳũң֮Ҫѡյ̫֮ʦΪοѧϣܹ̫ѧֻջûܵʦ
⵱ȻǺԼȥģϢص㣬ǺǷΪ̫֮ʦοѧǺҪĿġ
ͬʱΰ䲼گѧĿӳһ¿κβμӿƿĿٿȡѧ
Ϣһֱ֤ʵ˻ʵ۷ǳѧ
ʵۿʲôʲôͻԹûбҲһ쵼ҪȥĸԶٱ㷹ⷹһ
ֱӵ»ʼͼ¿ȥ˻ʼͼΪǶʮ꣬ʲô徭ѾĹ죬ֻμӴ󿼵ģʱŵģԣö˺ܶ࣬һЩַ棬ҪסҪǿ۷ģΪ˸ԼһرգǶԸ⽫ʱ仨ѧϡ
ʵʼͼѾΪһҪı־ÿ춼гɰǧ˽ԭܼ򵥣鿴ѽ͸Ӹճʱ˿һ̨һ


ͬʱ޼ҲԼ˺ա
һʦѣ
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ǫһЦⶼȫ̫ξߣҲǰ̫ξ˵ȥ
޼ɰڰ֣ϷҲ㲻ʲôߣҲΪ㣬ĻҲвͨġ
˵Ȼ̾˿ɫأʵϷԼǰҪΪڴ˷Աһ¡һˣҪôϷҪôǰϷйһЩԹ֮¾δģ
У͸įʧɼλǲŸһĹ¤ųԱûУһƬǴδֹ쾵ô޹¤ţ߻һĻҲ¤ţη䡢κޡ޵ˣΪ˴ﵽƽ⣬⣬ջǼֹбλߣҲû
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޼΢΢¶һĨɬЦ⣬ڿҲСˣΪֱʱգųףδйε˼ΪδƣÿһˣÿһﵽԼĿģ֪һֵô˲ʰĵزδģڻ治жϡˣǿ͸帮ּȨ·ⲵȨֿ顢£ͨﲻڻˣǶϷĿ־⣬ԶԶʤ£һŹϷģʱǿ϶żϷˣԼȥȵ߽Ϸ֮ٸϷһȵʱ򣬼ǱҲסǡ
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޼˼ĵͷǺǵϷһñϷҪ͸ݺ϶ƫԶȥֻ帮ǻỶϲѣԵǰ㣬зԾʽķչôҲΪ㹻µӣһƵϼ֮
յǰỹҪɹȥ˲Ҫ²ż汸÷
޼ЦϷ֪Ϸѡʵѡ˵˶٣ʼȨ֮ƣĹؼ帮ǵĲġ
⳯Ƕõģ㵹ˣǵط˶꣬ΪӣΪڷꡣ
סյͷ˵ĿǰȽϾǻƿŻΪؼĲţǱ߻񰲾֣һ̶̲ʹ£Լʷ̨
޼ۣѽϷû뵽񰲾֣֪񰲾ֺʱʽ񰲾ˣ뻹ǳԹ¤塣
յٹʽˣ⼸Ҳæ¡
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̵ʹ˺Ҳᱣģű¡ʺҲܹ⣬ɾôһǰ˭ˣͶˡ
޼ɵǲҪ٣ɶȡȨԭ֮̫ʥʴѾˣֹȻһΰţδ漰䣬ǽȨüλͬƷҲ˵ǿԲϷ֮ǿ϶뾡취ȡȨ
յǲ֪̫ξ˼
޼ɵ¡ʡֻǷסǵ漰ģֻҪס鼴ɣȻԲֻ鲻ֿȱôͲȫƿȨԱţǲ֮ǰźá
նⲿ֮ȨϸǺ˽⣬Գ޼ɵĽΪ˵ͷü͸һЩǣͻںնԣȱһɣΪı䷨Ҫˣǹµġ


1144 ޳
ǰա帮ǶΪ˷ڣǾһ£ͬˣȨΪʵ࣬һǾͲǸˣǵ֮ˣΪڶΪϴˣѾ˸ı䣬Ҳֻǰ죬һ䣬䡣
޼ҲûеףҲֻܽһЩõķչˣֻһһ
ΪصģļƻһжǷı䷨ŵ˼룬˵Ļȥ帮ǵ鷳ֻԼ·Ǿ͵˵ˡ
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ƽɿЦѵֳд˻֮ġ
ΣЦЦĵľһգ⺢ڳйԮ
ƽЦôˣչţҲԼȥһˣ˵Ǵ޼ڳпɻвˣǺһֱǹһڳзܶҲˡ
ҲǻǲĶӡûĿ˴ƽһۣоƷ췭ظĸı䣬ģܲΪе𡣡
еĻҵܹ䣬һ˿ɱиΣա
˭
Τ˼ǫ

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Ϸһ͵νˣֻ»Ὣиȥн֮
ƽٵֳβ£Τ˼ǫѲ죬һԶ帮齨Ľ׶ΣЩ䣬ȱԵطϵļܣʷ̨ҲӦ÷ãطٳҲеõĻᡣ
˼Σͷ㿼ǵꡣҪڳУϷûʲôɵǵˡ
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ƽεЦЦ


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ǿ棬ЩѹͲ֡


ʵڱҵ֮Щ˻ùʼҾ죬˵ǷǳӢ䣬Ҳǳأһǰ;ְҵҲ˶ѡɾôһʱһƬ֮
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ʲôϰյĶһȨ棬յ˭ǹôҲǹ٣ôȥϡ
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ȴ֪Ͻǵİ񰲾ֵͷ̴Τۡ˼ġ
ֱģգ߯ҲҪˣôףҪĻֻ»ЦȥҪһҪˡ̴ڴߣЩԼ̣ûôԴ޵ġ
ΤҲü⳯¹Ҳǳ֮£δôŪ治֪ôġ
˼̾ˣ˲ǰôŶҳˡ

չ£һ

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˾Ǵţɺƣڵ֪Ϣ֮̾ȥ츻ε츻ƣдǲǺܺãҾú߯ҲƯˡ
츻ȫסСɣѵͦ˼ô
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䣬ǰ洫һЦ֣쿴һ˼ĿǣĻϣЦүˣ
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ɺƵüͷһ壬˹ȥܺЦô
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СɣΪ˻ʼҾͶ˲ӿɲ㡣
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츻һԣæ˹ɺƵСˣЩ߰ɣ񰲾ϾͿˣһʲô£ǿɵ𡣡
һ˵棬ɺƻͦСģҲ´ݺݵһۣŸ츻뿪ˡ

ʱ֣պСصһţŵһֻŲˡ
գǻˣ
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ԭܶ찡չּ֣ӡΤۡ˼ġ壬һôˣʲôأ
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ֶ֮ҲͷգΪ֮мǺøԶһԵ·ˣЩˡ
塢ֱͷ
𣿡
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̴ѵûʼҾ챻Цô
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Ҳ˵ˣʼҾ񶼻δΣһףʲôЦЦͺˣȱľȻҲΪǲһǶûΣôֻзУҹǺǸǳЦģЦЦȥʼҾͲ֪ˣǵſˣȻʼҾ֮̾ͻҵע⣬鷳ʱһҲǻʼҾ졣
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Ƶ㲻ҵܾ˾ɣô˼
̴ӵ۵붼룬ҿǵ˺üˣȥˣҪˣҸɶȥ


1145 ʽ
ÿְҵԼĹ˼ά˵Ҳǻݣ֮ԣ۴ڵģܸıġվϲŪ飬ټ٣컰⣬ȻĲһַ½ͻôΨһԱķǲҪ
̴ҲΣϾľѳۣҲֻȥźա
Ǻջ©һչ򣬴С෹˶̸ۻʼҾ죬Ϊ̫Ȥˣ¹Ƿ̣ͣЩ˶ϿڣǷ䣬֪һʼҾ죬¹᲻ȥң֪仰յĿľʹﵽˡ
һõĿʼ
ǻʼҾ춼ãǼ̫Ͻˡ
պռһֱ񰲾֣ʼҾҲȥæ׼׼ҲҪϤһ»
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ǣ񰲾ֲδǣ˵ԺһдǣΪ񰲾һΪĻﶼȥˣܵһվͳԳԺȺȣ׼ʲô£ζûЩԱ͸ܱЩΧ۵İղ࣬ۿģֻΪǴŹٷվǰͿԻȥˡ
̴Τ۵˿ˮйͨһĻԺͶءֱЩ˼ǰǺҳȥʱõĶǷ̡Цƫƫܵ￴ǺⰡ
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ʹ󰡣ɱԹңҿǲ鷳㣬ⶼǺŪġ
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ΪľǶ¼ҵҫôһ˵ССһҲ͡ǿӦ
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ǻͷβѽӶˣ͸ǿ
ںնԣ˾ˣĶνֲǳϷڶأǾͦˡ

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еĻʼҾ춼վڴ⡣
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˴ӽҲκΪԼѵɣκ£ҪǷӡһֲ©ظ
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ֵǻʼҾ콫ͨ£ȴǶһ޶ģǲҪǣѵӪʱλñ˴˵أΪ徫񣬽ŴЩʥ֮£СÿһգǻʼҾ£ϣҲܹðյء


1146 ǻʼҾ
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⼸յֻһѲߡ
񰲾־ʼҾ죬ȫȥĿľôʶʼҾ졣
Щˣ˭˭ѲǼʮﾯѲӽ⡣
ΪʼҾѵӪѾϰߣЧϣ˽ɢ֮󣬲һʱ䣬ȫȥѲˡ
ͷܾ˾칫¡
û뵽һվ壡
̴̱Լλϣ޲š
Цܾ˾ĪǻҼ漸˿ˡ
̴Ŀ˸˼£ôõԺѣҲͦ⣬֪ǲܵģҿûô˵ֻǾİˡ
Ц񰲾̫ˣ֤̫ƽˣϣԶô壬Ҫܾ˾ʵĵĻҲԳȥѲӡ
̴ɴ˫۵ܾ˾ȥѲߣʲô
ЦҲȫû¿
̴ɶ£
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ܾ˾ܴѵӪô̴һͻȻ˼ĺΤۣ˼ģۣһҡաŪģؾֵˡ
˼ĿɲӦûиɹ£ǼȻоˣسɹӦɲǰ
յɣպˣǾֱ޳ɾ˾Ľ֡
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˿˿Ȼǿڣ̵޳ܾ˾ģ֡˵꣬̾;֡
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̴ٺٵ߹ٱǴ˱Ƕ࣬ʲô˵ġ
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˼ĺߵ紫ŰĽƻ
յƻ绹ȥʼͼѸϿΣϻûص￪ᣬһ绹ȥ
˼գ˼ۣˡ
æ
ջûз˭񰲾ֿŵһգ͵ûʼͼϿΣ֪жæҲûа취ԭƻһһǵߴ꣬յһˣһڼȷʵǳæµҲǶѣѾʱԼĴͷϲûмƻ£źˣôʱ仹Ǻܸģп椵ġ

쿴ô
ĪǻʼҾ죡Ǻǣ
ɲô
ȥͦġ
㲻û˵ɣʼҾɶǹӵܣһĴֻۻǸô
Ҳô˵˵ʼҾ춼ѵꡣ
ʲôѵָϹ꣬ɻǵǰʼѵӪոճʱôԼ˵ⲻǸӵһ˵Ľڰˣ

졪
Τ
ֹΤߣҪǡ
ΤŭһЩһǿɶ񡣡
𵱳ѵӪǣʲô
Τͷ⵹Ҳǡһκڰ£ʱһҲˣյʱʱͽǸޣջãʲô
˵䣬ǰ洫Ӵһ
˼æ̧ͷȥԶƳײһһ෭ء
ȥ

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㻹˵ңռŵˡ
ռߣǺЦδģ
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ײĺӼеռŵһʱסײȥ
忴óװŵһʳײĳǷżϯӦǺҪסûסھ⣬ֻײ˶Էһǣֱײȥģǿ϶ὫԷĳײ̵ҳ䣬·ߣܹȥٱϣأΥʮ
ƳȻûнͨģ˵ǻۣԶԶ
忴򳵱ײƵˣ㳵ϲϯӦܿȻײˣ㣬㻹ҪǮ
Τǳ˵߰ɣȥһ񰲾֣
йس֮⣬Ƿιңòٴ򽻵ÿնһͬԸԶҪȥãŵĵλʼҾ죬СˡС֪ˣλСһλᣬСҲҷˡ
΢һǺӵûʧ
Ǻҡͷûɶʧ
⳵ģ̵ĺܡ
ֳż˵ǳҲδʧһؾ͹ˣ»أϳͲϽ˼Ұѳ
Ǽŵһ亹岻׷ɴ⣬æǰһ߳źӵǸһæŽڵϵʳϣС壬ҲǹǺΤҲǰŽʳѷŵϡ
ܿŪˣ
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ҲҪעһЩ㽫ʳѵôߣǰʲôҿײҪײô죿´Ҫ㻹ǾͲҪҲˡ
Ǻӵͷ֪ˣ֪ˡ
Ҫ͵ȥ
Ҫ͵ؼҵģת¸·ھ͵ˣһСһġ
Ƭֳ̣Ǽһȥ
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ǼΨΨֱҡͷ
ΤֿһŵǼĳϡ߰ɣ
Ȼܱһк
̧ͷһֻܱվ˲ˣ׷Ϊ֮кãüͷһ壬Ҷɢ˰ɣ·ˣ
ľϡ
Щռһƨɣپƣ̾ɢˡ
Τ壬㷽֮ĹˣǲΪ߶Ρ
ͷʳģǰ·Ҳȫûεģȥ񰲾֣ƻᵢǵĻƣҲûʲôʧҲҿܹסǡ
ΤǺǵⶼǰϰ
һЦţһ߼ǰȥ


˵Сɣôһ̾¬ԼĴ
ɺƵֻǾøЩƫˣƾʲô޼ǿô͵·Ҳѽ
¬Цôô
ɺƵѲ֣ô簡
¬Ǻǵﾯɲڳתȥ⣬ɶˣ˭
ɺͷҲǵŶ
ǰӸǰһۣæ˹ȥǰһŮһڷġ
ҵģˣǼ¸µķǮѽҪȥ˵ĻǼ¸¿ɾͽҲˡ
ϵ죬Ӿ˵⼸զⱳˣԭĳ죬Ų֣Ҫٲ֣ͱӡ
ס֣
ɺƸϽȥֹǺӡ
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¬ԼǮǵȻûȨܣҲܴˣӣͬʱҲǱµǻʼҾξǱµ񡣡
ǺһԷûʵ۳һĨɫҡҿûд
ǸҲŻˣԼɷץȥæɷûдңûдңǱץ
ɺƾ⸾治֪ôûдͺãǽɱϳ֣ɲǼҡ
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ɺƵͷ
Ǻ̰Ⱦ
ǮȵǸ˷ӦʱɷѾܵûӰˣ£ܻؼȥˡ
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볤ʮ֮ĵ·ϣһеһ߳ǰţһߴ
Ȼ䣬һӺ洫δӷͷƥ߳ȥ
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δӦŴ߼۶λ۷ˣǸߴ͵˻һ׶ӡ
ξ޼źϹơ
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һʱþ֮ģ
ϹƵ˵֪ǲġ
ӿ˹ٲ٣񣬵Ǻˣ
ξ޼ŵǻʼҾ죡


1147 ѧ
ЩʼҾѵӪУܵ裬ĥϲãҲΪЩʹǶءơΣԼǻȥ⡣
һеĺգȴְעܸһԱһƨһһգƶģڻʼҾ죬Ѿ꣬ѾʽˣҪĵĻûûˡǿŵһգֻܴ˰죬Ȼȥ˻ʼͼҪȥЩϿΣղϰտΣԾǽڼġ
ʼͼʱֽͼǿǰĶ࣬ϵʮģСʮһꡣ
ɣ
ˣ
һգ׷Χ˹һԵĻæںյǰϾѽ
ʲôЩʶĹ֣񣡲ͼЩȽھˣһҪְ˿顣
ҵ֪ҵȽǰΪڿεġ
ԶԶԣǽվɵĽΡ
Ƕ֪
ţ
ȥԺ
ǲǿ
ǿʲôΣ
ǶѧǳȤϣܹѧϰѧѵҲô
ۣСͦпڲŵİ
Ŀ˸˼£ֺܲ˴ĵв߹ݵġ

һˬʵЦֻ硢˹
չֵλ˰
ȻҶѧȤǺɺβڿΣҵҲʶһ¡
Цŵͷ
֣мƽϣ߹ݣðҾͽһ£ͷλ̧ٺգܳʵֻѧʵĽҲûʲô˼ģǺվ͹ˡ
öϲѣЩΪԭ򣬵ǸĿģڻʵôѧ̫Ӷѧ˭뵱٣Ҫľ򣬾Ҫӭʥ⣬ʵϲʲôǾѧʲô˴ҶʶǺӵܣѾѧŵĿ䣬ҪĵȻڿΡ
Ǻվ˰ԺĿ˳ֱԺڿΣǰ棬վں棬Ͼ˷ڿλԿΪ
̿ʣվһľǰ棬ɫݵ˿ţЩҪţľдϡѧ֣ѧѧĻѧһνþѧڿʼǰ֪λѧôģһֻش𣡡
һųг˾͵ΪѧȻҪѧҪ˵õҲûУˣҿԺһЩѧ鼮кܶѧʹԱòţֻʺڼ޵Ĺ棬Ϊ͢ӦֻĹְѡȡ˲ţӦ˷档ѧϰѧ࿴֮ѧΪҪǿȡƿҲôԱְ£츣գ֪ѧܹ£츣أ
˶ͷһҲѧĵĹؼڣڹŴԣѧò󣬾ôѧ΢֣ܹʵŷҲˣֻŷ޺ǰһȺѧڣǺоһѧڵʱûʲôãһֱո˵ʱűֱƶĸı䡣й͸ˣӹ񣬾ûѧιһЩר˲ţ˲һɲ˴ΪѧȨǲҹģӹˡܻʵùҰҪ𹴹ɶ͵ûؼˡ
塢˼ͿԣʩΪΣȻھ˵ʵһãΪࡣ
硢һԼü˼оҲȷʵûʲôá
һԵЦû뵽һ͸ճһ⣬ڴλ⡣
֣ЦΪѲģȻҲṫڿΡ

ǻļѽյͷʵ÷ǳãһֱҲкܶʹҡѧѧҲֻȥְҳΧѧûˣҲζûǨĻᣬ˼͵˼һ
ÿ˶ͷʾͬΪʵ˰
ȫĸ
ֱһXȥѧһߣֻǼô򵥣һ˼룬һֲκѧ˼˼롣еֿڣԡ
һƵ𣬵ǺǣǵԸ꣡
΢΢һЦѧⶫҲڽְòѧ겻һ꣬һɶˣǾԿܵġǣǽʲôѧ˼롢ѧ˼άоͿ۵ʱضڷã档
ŴҶѧ鼮дĿҪۣѵǵ߼˼άдԵģᵽʽʽΪؼľXΪֻѧõXǾʹشˡXǴ𣿲ǵģXĿģѡڹٳʲôѣûѧѧĻȱ߼˼άͲ֪νѣѧѧĻͿԽΪX
һ˵һںڰдȻXΪģ֪¼гȻٸ֪ʵȥۣȥѣȥﵽĿġһѧ˼룬ѧ˼άܹʱ򣬸ȥ˼·ʱãȻ֪֪֣һȰѧˣ¸ҵѣɴ˿ɼѧܹ˼·ܸȥ
Ǵ̣ưõѧ˼룬ưͲҪ˵ˣư߼˼άȥۣ֪֤ݣȥۣȥ֤ʵѧûʲô𣬶̸ѧˣ㻹ǰҪŪˣǿܾһˣҲ˫ʱƶܵļƻ˼롢˼ᵽЩⶼѧ˼롣ǽѧΪһַǳǳ뷨
ѧ˼룡֣Цŵͷգգ
һͻȻǿʶһиѧϹô˵Թžҡҡ˼ιδŹʲôѧιɼѧá
Ц㣬Ϊس÷˼룬ľõ˼ιֶټңҴƲֽɣԿ֮Ƕȡ˷ǳĳɹôǼ˼õأ
⡪
ԵЩԥǽѧģɱѧûԵ塢֮˵Щѧйϵ
ȻУžԵϵ
ѧдҡҡңֱ߽ѧϣָľǼ˼Ĺϵ塢ǹ߶ѣѧ˼ס
һ˻Ȼ
Ƕ𾪵źգⴵþЩˣԹ塢ѧ˼㲻˵û֪ôͻȻͳˡ
дֱǺ˵˵
ɣΪд󳼣ӦУſڿӡ
ɲջشԣҵҵӾݡ

ܶ಻߹ݵʿţ⻰˵̫ˣͬѧ˼룬Ѿӣ㾹Ȼ˵ѧףֱ߸˴ͳ
λ˿̱֣塢˼룬۾һУѧ˼룬Ǹûκ֤˵Ǵģ϶ǴΨһԭ϶ҴģΪ֮˵ʲôʲôҲûǰԵ
Ǻ˵˵˵˵Ҫ֤ǷǶԴ˵εģҲ޷֤ǶǴб㵹֤˵öԵġ
ҵȻ֤
ЦصǸ⣬Ϊʲôس÷ƣľõңҴƲֽɣټ֮
֣ͻȻԶԴûжֻǲܹģֻ˵ݵʱѡļ˼룬ÿÿٵѶͬʴѡι֮Ҳͬ
ޱλ֣֮ͬ𣿡
Ҷͷȷʵǵġ
ѧ˼밡˫һŵ
ѧ˼룿
֣жסˣʲôʱѧ˼롣

յͷһЦҵӵȻ˵ģΪʲôʼͳһľΪΣʹ°հҵӯҵӿ϶˵˼Ϊʲô۶һǿūҲ˵ûļ˼ǾȷģΪļ˼룬ǳʥ˵Уһ۵˼룬ñ˵˼룬κ۵ĶǾȷģ˼Ѿǿ͹۴ڵģһֹߡѧһַǳϽ͹۵˼룬ڽѧʱ򣬲ǿʥ˵ڼ͵ڼֻΨһһȷ𰸣ǿ͹Ǵڵģʲô˼ȥжҡҡǲǶԵģֻѧ˼롣
˵дһʽñ˵1+2+3+x=10X˼룬10ǹң1ǰգ2ǵˣ3Ǿȡʲô˼룬⼸ʲô֮ʲôϵԹûĸ˵ҪľǾǻΪϷһӣ쾵ۣ쾵޽˺ǶǴȻǶԵģͬϱٽͳһ̫ɣȫ˰֮ѣľ쾵߾ǶǴܲ˵ɣ䣬´ңȫʱ˺ͣXǶǴʽֱϵ
ǽ󵱹٣ҪԼʲôѧɵˣͽʲô˼룬¹ܴ̣ιưȫʵôӹ˵þˣʮɱ֣ӵ£գԵ±ԹָˣⲻǷ¾͵÷˼룬ϳͲ
ǿǷҡǿҲһΪǶֻǹ߶ѣ˵ɱУǵãǹãˣԴһëǵøݵʱжʲôߣҪǼ˼ã˵ʲôʲôסжѡߣõþѧ˼룬Ϊѧ˼ſ͹ۡΨһȷԣѧ˼һ˼˼롣


1148 ȫҳ
һƪʼͼһļž
˶ǹų˫Ŀźգ޲ý̻ˣȴһ˿ڣΪ߼ǳ־˲ӣоݣҲʼʾͳһģǷǲأԲǵģҪſھ˵ҾǿǲǺ˵ûӵˡ
Ƕ硢֣Сִ˶ԣֻһӻȻʣණֻһۣǳ֮ʡ
յƬ̣ûܽҪסѧǹɵķߣΪǹɡѧҲ۵ĵߣΪǼ˵ѧȴǹɺ۵ĲкߣΪɺͼ˵ҪѧԼţȻȴѧĲСûѧϵϿɣɲã۲ܹ͡
һ仰ֱӽѧһϵľ磬˺ܶ˶ѧĴͳѧһֳߵ˼룬ģκ˼붼ѧţֱء
ٴҲû뵽ܹڹѧߣҲΪֻ֤ѧãȴû뵽ֱӽѧ˼֮ϡ
һɺԣ
Ȼ䣬ʿӻȻȥ
ָЩ˵ҸԤԣ˽һûдϢΪǶų򣬶һųΪʲôȥΪΪҵ۵߸ϵҲңֲԸܣĳܲʴ˲Żȥѡӱܣⲻųʲô
ǴӸ˼оֻѧһ㣬£ΪǶԵľǶԵģʥ˶˵ѧʣν֮ҲǾѡԣɼ˼ǹߣԼʱ򣬾˵䣬ûõʱ򣬾֮һߣȨûѧǼֱѧ˼õһֳԽѧز˵ѧ˼ȫ෴˼룬һһǾԿԵģ˭ҲβΡҪӣ£ǰյĿѰûʳԣǹƾͻ˵ΪʲôճԣⲻԷ
ۣ
Ц
Щ˶ߵſˣһ˶ױˣ溬˳ȥ˵Ҳûǳ
ŵ˼Ҷ㶼ô˵ˣһߣܹӮ㡣
һ⻰˵ҡҡ˼𣿵ȻѽߵĶʲôΪﵽɻٽĳһֶΡ˼ι˼ǲǹߣ
˶ͷ
յֻһ㣬ѧ˼òһһڶô򵥣ѧ˼ԽЩߣ˵ף㻹Ҫҡҡҵ˼룬ΪʲôҲǸеŭĺܷѽ⣬һΪ룬һЩǣĿƾٶֵҡңֻһЩõҡҡǷңǵÿĿʲôһζֻ⣬Ǿͺˡ
赭дһָƻˣ˵оݣֻڽӦȫµĿƾٿԣⲻ
ҲóϷ
ֵûѧ޷͸˼ȣû˼룬Ҳ޷͸ѧȣûߣʲôҲ͸úѧϰѧģõӾǱˣܶΪʲôôܹƷԱһҲǡ

ԵЦ
ЦգղŵʵѧĪĹϵΪҺᣬȱ飬ڹٳÿ⣬ҶûоҲûнңΪʲôû˽ˣҾͲ˵ˣֻԼϵķۣһٱ飬ҪôȥҾôȥ
Ӿ޴ӷģľվǰ
ЩǷǳҪģǽΪٵĻǾ͸һȱľǾ飬뿼Ҳá
ôһ֤ѧͲˣΪһ˼룬⵱ȻǺԤıģ㲻ǽգҲ`ڴձģΪѧôôǵģѧ˶ۣŴĿƼҽѧϣ˽ѧ˵˼άǶͿõϲʲôǾ˼룬ʹҶѧ˼룬ǲŶô
춨˼֮󣬺ղſʼ￼ǵ⣬ûж飬֪ʶǺѧģѧǧ޿ΣڷѧôƱˣĿǿ϶̲ˣƵĻ㣬ŵһư׳գ鼮ɶСѧеһЩ֪ʶ̫ѶˣΪҡң˼룬ѧȫ͹۵˼룬ܶת
տǵݽϵ⣬ʵһ亹ⶼҵʱôⰡҲûа취ֻܽ£·Զ⣬Ὣ¶˲ܽʲô㶼ᰮǰǿԷģҪû˰Ļ͵ʧҵˡ
߼˼άΪأʽΣ˼Ϊʲô𣬾ûγ˼롣ʲô߼˼άתΨ壬䣬·Уǻ·ҽͲУ̽ǲҲУΪʥ˵ģ˭˵ʥ˵Ĳԡ
¹ܶѧвȤǶںյĿΣ㷴ԺյˣýˣսηȤѧⱾ͸ģҶ֪𰸶٣֮ԡԽԽ࣬ԶԶȥ·ص˿ʱΨһͬľǶһľ塣
һʱڽˣһ仰ûУֱˣΪȻỹȥ񰲾ָܽʲôģȻԺϢһ¡
ףԺʲôʱôɭˣô໤
ոԺܶǴ飬飬Щ̫ԾϽһ¼һڡ
ۿȫҳոϽ첽ã΢ղμӱ£ʺ̫ӡ
񣡡
΢΢һЦǲǺܺΪڴˣ
յͷ
εⶼΪ䣬ڶ̫ڿΣ޺ͻʺڹг緹ȴһƴǣ޷֪ԭҪϻڿΣ̫ԣҲʺպҲ£Ҳ̫ӹҲ׵̫֮ʦʧۣ֮ǵʧ
ѽ羹ȻңһҸղ˵ʲô治֮ԣˣհһ䣬΢һ΢ѧʣΪʦ
°˵˲㣡룬⻹̫˵㡣
ͷʵúɵÿΣ
Ŵ۾Ļصʣɵÿοǰ˺æ
ļٵģնЩš
ĻֵöЦ㵹˵˵ʲôæ
Ҳǳʲôѣ
λʦÿ򺢶ڿΣǹʦǽ̺徭ʦǽ̺֮Ҳì֮ѯʦ˭ǶԵģǶλʦֻ˵иĵ෴ģдģ־˵úܶԣһֱźǽպˣǵ˼룬˼룬ι߶ѣ˭ʾ˭
Ρ󣬽һ㶡
һˬʵЦ̫ʴӱҴ֮
硢˽
æ
κһۣǿĲѣΪ̫Ƕģ̫ԼҲҪôĵҪ
ιҶ׻׻̻塣
ңңʵ⣬͹ѧʿҲ۹һֱҲδҵһʵĽͣû뵽ɵѧ˼뾹Ȼﳼ̫ӽһ⣬̫д˾򣬱˵˼룬ɼټ˼롣
ֱͷǰڴ֮ǰҲΪѧһּܣȴ뵽ԭѧ˼˼룬ǰ˵Ǿ仰ûѧϵϿɣɲã۲ܹ͡仰ҲиþֻһȷĴ𰸣˵˼ǹߵĻôѧ˼ãôóĴ𰸿϶ȷģҲǺղᵽġ˵ͻȻֿ
ᣬЦŵͷ
յգ޻̫ѧ˵ʲôΪԼĶһλʦȥ佻
æ£΢治ʺϵʦ˵Ҳܶԣ΢ũңооֹδﵽʦĵزӰ쵽̫ӣ΢Ҳ֮Ľ̫ѧϰѧ
΢΢üֿ
ʱСתתͻȻʿɻǵúɵ֤ʦѶǲȱٵô
һ㶣Ȼǵá
Ҳѧ˼͡
һϲ㵹˵
˵ÿ߶һͬȺ壬Ǹĸʦֵܽáˡѡİˣÿ˳ɳܵȺӰ죬ȺԼΪ
æʽ
ֱԴԶԶԣʽҪȱһĻôóĽͲȷģȱ֪
յ̫ʹˡ˵ģǲǳۣŷǾ̫ôһ˵ǿ͹۵Ĵڵġ
ֵǺɣΪδδ빬棡

յɵˣҰ
εЦһֽ§ϥԣԴǵ˵޵䣬ʿԱ粻գ̫ȴһԽ˵ƿԣã


1149 һѧ
Цúǿģƽʱ˸ձۣ϶ǱôӵۣʱҲûðɣ񿴵ƿԣһǱԼӣȷʵˬþ͸ˣΪʵ۶̫ӵĿ϶õĿ϶ʱΪʲôԼ̫ͬӣ̫ǬѿΣϲκ̩ʵһͬͿ϶Ƿӿ
գʧְνһºա
̵£̫ӹֳ޻˵Ǳ¹ֳί
βΪΣ
յ̫ô˵ǻѵĻ⳼Ȼ޻˵Ǳ˵ʧְǻھĻԾ֮񣬹ﳼദǷЩף
һ㶣ּСԴ治÷
Ц£շںϳ˸ӱһ
Ҫæʺ޴⡣
κһ
ֵ룬ҲɵˣһڣȻҲʦͽˣ˽䣬ɳ򾻣ûһӣ⻹򰡣
ͻȻɣһô
һ㶣̫ʡ
ҵʦһÿʲô
ǳ룬Ҫʤǰ˵һôһ˵Ͱﺫô˵ĹϵѧģοǾ볼
ҲΪĵͷ
ջ£Ӧû̫ʧܡ
ʧܣ
Ҷסˡ

ΪΣֱӷʡ
յͷΪһֱʧܣ̫ܴӳѧҲֻʧܡ
ЦҲ̫ǫˣҪҲʧܵĻºܶ˶ȥˡ
ʺ˵ǽΪʲôнգǶΪյʧܣʮǰǴʧܵУǰµأԸɻ³ߺ󣬳ԲϣʱŸԼҪŬɻȻͻ˵̫ӵ̫ӣʧܲǻ£Ҫʧܣ˾ʧгɳģΪʧǳɹ֮ĸ̫ʥ澵ӣʵ̫ʥϴӾпĶʧܣǳɹǺ۲ΰԣʹĮͥǴѧϰĽǶһＺگҪʤǰе¼
ֻѧϰǰ۲ΰԣôõĽ϶ѧϰＺگͻף̲ģҪ˵ģǻĹģǻðյ÷ǳࡣ˼룬óʱ㻹ǻģ˼ȥ䡣ΪѻὨ㣬ԹоĹʧù죬
ΪǴ㽫Ҫ̳дͳһСʱֻһ˴ܻкܶ޹ΪĹûжٸ㷸Ļᣬôõİ취ǽ˼ҵʧȡԼΪãôʧʲôǳɹ
գգ縧һЦԹǽʥ֮ԣ˸ôȴǽ˲ôⲻҪԶԶʤڸð
ҲͷидյһҲǳżλãȨҲ꣬ҲѧϰС
æⲻǽ̣֮ĽҸ档
뵱ЦˣҸ棬һŵġ
Цһˣǲа
εͷǰ
ûһξͻعȥˣǰ뻹գҪѵְ빬档
յȻͷӦ
ߺ硢׼ֽ̼䣬ﻹйϵ񰲾ȥˣ񰲾ֵġ
˵ûն̸ۻʼҾ졣
զû˵һۿˣʼҾ컹ЩͬܰʲôѣǶȫ
ɲôǰջȡЦʼҾ죬Ǵˡ

ڵĺս£ЦȺ쵰û
񰲾֣ڻǿտҲ칫ȴǴ֪ܽᣬΪٸܾ˾һ鿪ᣬ˶ÿСۣȻС鳤ٸ쵼ۡԺûдǣȥܾ˾칫ҡ
ܾ˾칫ңľͷڡվȵǲһհɣ
̴ĳ۵ǲŸոϢһ
𣿡ղҼǵߵʱǻͦеİ
Τ۵⻹Ϊ㡣
ЦҲô˵ҪΪʼҾıӮ˰յͬ
Һ˺ܶ࣡
ЦԴӻʼҾѲһȦգҲһЩͬһʼҾһ仰ʱвΪ׶ҵ񰲾񰲾ûжˣֻǼϡ
̴µӻô󣬾ͻûд֮£ڼժҵһУҲ
ѡ뿪ǶԵģհţͬʱҲƽܶˣЦǳɹĿʼ𣿲ܾ˾ģֻǿʼʼҾ쵽ˣС²鷳ܾ˾ġ
̴ߵС˵͸磬ҲŲˡ

Τ۵˷׷Ц
һȻ°֪ͨ
̴˷ܵߣԷȥʳõķͦġ
ΤЦҿȽϲְɡ
յһգܾ˾͡
ƾʲôѽǮˣ͵ģֵˡ
ЩŬΪܾ˾ǰ;ôŵһգҪͺǣ㻹˼Ϊǰ;Ŭ𣿴˵ǲǣ
֮
˼ǵͷ˵
̴ͻȻ˵£һʣԼҹʳãøǮʲô
յҪǮĻ˭˲˷ѣҪԺõģԾͶˣҳҲĲ˵ǻˣǻóǮҹܻ𣿲ҲûСʼҾٺ»棬лʳĲ㹻һµķǮˡ
̴˼ҹɲġ
յԺ󶼻ĵģ㼱ʲô
̴һôݣ
ӵΪҪһ٣
յǰѾ˵ˣᵼ˷ѳ͢Ĺãң˽˵ĻҲһЩҵƣֶΪ
ӵͷ⵹Ҳǵġ
СӾͱ£Էȥɣ;ͣǮ°
̴һӣվߡ
ʳǰѾƹƹҵˣַǷһմҶˣ룡
һк
տų̴ܾ˾㿴˼Ԫо򰡣
̴ŭӶӦͣ㻹ô
һ㰡ȥ֮󣬾˵Ҫͣˣ⻹ܲģڿװǡ
̴һЩתһ룬㶼ô˵ˣҪô˵̫ˡߵҿɲˣҪ˵˵
˵ţ˽ȥ
ʳþ͸ѵӪһģһһٶʼҾŶڴˣʣЩֵࡣ
ܾ˾
һڻʼҾó̴ˣ׷״кΪѵӪҲϰˣţһϴˣ÷еĻܵǰ
̴ϵĵͷ
ͻȻֵմˣͣ˭ţͶϡ
̴Τ۵˫ۣŵźգϾֲҪˡ
ԪһգһҶѾˣǵԸǮǵٺ»Ҷˡ
ƵǰɣˣơУ»أ»롣
Ӣ
ߺ
ЩͽǷǳӰ
ΪʲôΪʲôզûкƤ̴ܾ˾Ȼͷ˸ˣûѽҧںԱС㻹治Ҫ
յ㶮ʲôһѧʡ


1150 һȺͽ
ţһݡ
̴ſڹ̨ϣ˷ܵʵͦϲֳԷķʽ
ϣ

ӳûСյգ㷽Ҳ̫
СŲţգܾ˾͡
һ㶡
գգۡ
Ӷʱ׹ǺЦ
ܿ죬˱㽫˴ˣΪƳǷֲƣ˾һһӣأһǳḻġ
ŴǽλģԱܸ̫һԷģ񰲾ȫûһףѵӪа䣬䶼ûУֻһ䣬˲ſţɼǷǳʡġͷҵһ¡
ˣ
Ÿ£ͼӰ˹ɺƺϹơ
ʲô
պ
ɺƺٺһЦ죬㡣
ʲô£
˯ᡣ
Ϊʲô
ѵӪϰ˰ϹƵ
ʱΤҲյš
Ѿϲּɺƣڼˣ˼ѵôŰ壬ôȤѽǷǳ
յ˵ҲûмҲأ˯⽨᲻ҪǮѽ͢ŪΪչ˾סڳĻʼҾ죬ǾͱŴˣ˵ҲӦҴӦҲûеط˯ȥԷ극ûؼҵĻؼңÿĿᡣ
ɺơϹƵ˽һʧ
ͻȻ˯ỹף˶ǿɶȥܱسѲߵģʱҲز
պǺǵԶԶԣǳʱһһŴһŴǡ
ɺ˷ܵѽҲ㽫¸ˡ
ǷСӣסһ꣬ҲؼҵģϾʮ꣬Ͱ֣ȥѵӪʱЩӵܸؼңΨס÷𾢣һҲؼҡ
ΪѵӪԷʱǷǳģʼҾҲϰߣڼҶˣȫעĳԡ֮Щ˾°ˣʼҾǲƣΪǻʼҾѲߣɫѾûг׺ڣûؼҵľ͸Ͻؼңְľ͸Ͻȥְࡣ
С鳤ȫȥҿᡣ
ƵĿ϶Բγ
̴ǰ棬ǳ˵ǻʼҾһѲߣ˵˵յջɣ
̵ڴ֮ǰԣҳе񲻸棬ٲܣǻʼҾѲߣ϶ܶľףԵΪԷΪ
̴ֱĿһɨô
ϴеĵУҪʲôԼ룬ǻҪȺʲô
ӵΪȻǻʼҾ԰ΪأڴЩСҲӦˣڲ浽ڰյǰ£һҪ棬ôǾͱܣ˫Ը٣ǻӦԵΪûǲҪΪǻʼҾӰ쵽յơ
յԵͷ
ֵɷڴܶʱûȷɷΪӦⷽɷȻĻǻʼҾʦ
̴͵ðгټˡ
յأܼһʱռһЩɷľףʱͳһۡ
µһƺˣͨԽƵ಻٣˿ɶЯؽģЩգרڽĵ·ϣ˵Ǯƣŵһգ޼žϽץһ˵ǿӦҪǿﾯȷİȫǾ֮أôܹµķ
ξ޼źٺٵǿӿҲС컯գǹƥҰҺҲĲҡ
ɫصʵҲһֱڿǣΪ˵࣬˻ԽԽ࣬άΰѶȣǱ뱣֤˵İȫΪģ޳ɶ¾Ľ飬ﾯ
̴üӦӶأ
һµҪܵڵվɺȷǻʼҾڽŵ㣬űѲߡ
̴ͷһͨµģñ¶ǵһЩƥ
񰲾ֲʡܣֱʵ۵Ļ
¬ͻȻҺСӸһڽϳֵķޣԭΪеĳڶĲǮƶˣ·޲ҳɷϽķģ䣬ķԽԽ࣬͢ԴҲһֻۣһֻۡ
ɺƺͳ̴ա
ƵǿҸʲô
ûʲô
ͬ
֪ǲˣǶ˿ͽܣרŸѧġ
ӵϽĲķǴδ͢ԴҲ޿κΡ
Τ۵Ĳ˵֣˵˶Ĳк͹ԱҲһǮ붼ֻΪֶѣʹҲ˶Ǯ⻹治˵
̴һĨ;ټ£ڶĲ⺫նǼģ϶ѽϽĲ⣬бҪϸĶ࣬ҲŽֹʿڴʱԲģǴ̣ܻʿǶҪǶģЩˣҲǺġ
˼ġξ޼ŶԵͷ
Τۡ˼ĶھлûжĹǮ
ҵܼ򵥣ǮĶһӵܡ
¾͵ǶĲ֣Ǹ֮£ټͥΪĲüͽǮǷ²ծֻȥЩ͵֮£԰յİȫش
ֺɼˣҫУմϰһЩմжϰˣһˣǴ۵ģǳͺͽ
¬ҲҶķҹУǲƻǽŵܱ߰
塢ԺЩĲˣͼԣҪԴ˸ж
˼ġΪ̴ξ޼ŶǶĲˣǾͲԡ
̴Ϊܾ˾֪ˣҪʵ֪ˣǾͲ̫ˣ¡ա˼Ķֱʵ۵ģһòһ¼ϵôɭϣֲ̫£ΪĲ֣˴ţҶ¶ͷУΨûкյĽǷǳҪģһ࣬񰲾־ǺŪģյɣզ
˼Σ˵öеĲǿ϶ԵģؼķŽֹģ˷ȥ£ͻ缯оȥգ񰲾ָոտʼҪǣӮðյΣҪ̫ĶŪãܾŪɳ׾պһķƶĲ
̴һӣ˵úã¶мķǽղųģԹ֮Ҫһ¸̸ףӦðӦʼҾĴڣҿ¾Ժ̸ɡ
˼ġΤ۶ͷ
һͷж̫޳ɣֻһѣҲֻա

ڶգʱ֣һδ¶ĺͻȻ񰲾֣ܾ˾칫ٿͷ顣
ʲôأ
̴һͷˮĿա
յҽϳеĻʼҾ죬ɨеĶķ


1151 ɵ
̴Τۡ˼ġӽǴľϲ˵õģȸţ˵ôһȫˣʲô
Ľ͵ջȥ֮˼룬ڵĶķǻʼҾһ
̴Ƶ˻
յ㣬ӵķĶ࣬ǲӵĶࣿ
̴˶ƤӣŵҲǲӵĶࡣ
ǹؼ
ձֵɷ£ܾ˾˵ķǳãҪӮðյΣƾյССݣѴ򶯰յģǱһνһٳǻʼҾǰĹٸ̲ʲôͬǲ£һĻǻʼҾܹѸٲðյĺøУ򣬶ǻʼҾҲĪİҲԱһǻʼҾǴһΣΰΪܶԷ˭ǱֵľǱ¸ǵʥȨ
ǴǵĽǶ˵ӰյĽǶ˵¾˵÷ǳԣĲȷΣŰգ׬Ǯһҹ֮Ͷ͸ķˣֻ˵£ҾᷴԣȫԼǮ㰮ôöУǶ޶ģѵĿЩ׶ΪǮ׸˶Ͻ𣿻߻
Ͻ֣Ϊĺó𣬵׶Ļ̫ƽˣûֻˣңβˣڻʼҾһ¡
̴ҹΪʲôô˵ǰɣ
Τۡ˼Ķ˵źա
պܼ٣𣿡
ͷĬ
ĺ˰
һίҲ룬ҷסҷŲ˵𣬵ʱҲ̫ðʧˣǻؼ룬ĲΪǵΪӶвټͥ磬ǻʼҾôģǱ´յ¶¶ҪӣǾͦεġһ˵ҵڻȫΪ񰲾ֺͰ룬ʵɵٺãҸ˹ϵ󣡡
˼ԵͷոʵѾܸˣҲ˸վںͷ򣬵ǺɣҪ֪ķѰ˿Կġ
̴˵ͷ
̾˿֪ܲ¹ѻǲٵģҪչֻʼҾȨܲðаɣ߯ҲûˣҲвѽøĻ˭ὫǷܾ˾Ϊ񰲾ϴֱ£ʡ޷㣬񰲾ֵȨ˼ͷʲôʩչᴦƣҪλǿŮܻǲܣӮһӲ̣ǽ˭㣬þֱ棬ΪǼ಻Ҫ鷳ˣҲ˰ǵø߰գǵּͬʱҲøЩ󳼣ǲηȨģҾ͸ץ㡣
̸ȨǶĲԵ赭дˣ̴Ϳʼģܾ˾ܾ˾Ȩʲô㣬иãǸ٣վͺ£ҲҪЩȨ㣬ܾ˾ŵ壬ŹѽʼҾ֤ͬʱܾ˾Ҳ֤ԼΤۡӺ˼ĵô
Τ۵ͷҾú˵ͦԵġ
֮ǰǵıˣҲеҪڳ㣬Ȩ֮񰲾ֵȨжû֪ʵԼ֪͵ж֤
˼ҲͷˣǺ܌ţһˣţҲһɼ˼һ޵ĶӣŶû˼
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ټϷ˵һĻ֪滹ŶˣҶ
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1152 һս
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ΤһĻ͵һԼĴΤҵճӣƽʱҲǷΣӷ緶ȴ꣬ΪʲôأֻһĲˣΤͻȻֽץ˻磬Ҳܷߡ
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˵˿ˣͻȻԼҲնĹǮһЩԥˡ


1154 к֮
˿ҷĲ٣Ҳϡ֮ԣǷǹˣÿ궼ñ޴ʮޣΪÿõɱ˵ǿӵͷϡ
ǲڣ漴ͬĵͬõɱˣʿսɱ˺ɱ޹İգһͬǶĲҲС飬ĵҲҲĹǮǶĲҲģƽʱڼҸʣڶķһ
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ڵųһ亹һ߯ҲˡǱȺ껹Ҫƻ
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ԥƬ̣Ϊۣڶķߣһ㣬ǶߣӦС
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¬һǺǵλǴ¬ĳڴ˾лˡ


1155 
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Ǻհ
˼ĸһ£Ȳ裬͵һʱ¾зĻһٹȥлкܶ󳼸ûġ
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Τ۵ͷ˵òǲ³Ҳײǵģ˵أʱǸӻηηβд󳼿ɶе˵ģж˵ǣжҲ鷳һҲзִ硣
յͷô
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ԪһͷбߵǼҶķүүġ
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ԪһҲ֪˵Ҳɣպ͵͵ҵģԭǻ쵰үү
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1156 
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볣ַĶķƹֻʶѣǣҰɣ

ԣо治ѣûйϵôǻԼװܿˣǹŴգǼûʲôɳʶģҹŴ֮һ˷ȫҶ꣬ŵ⼸춼˯ž⳯͢һץģȥķ˻ķԱн˶飬մϹϵ
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Ƿ˼룬˼Ҫ̣Ȼּ̳Ƴɷ˼룬Ҳ̫ˣ
¬һҲؿǹģΪʲôķʢУǵΣ͢ҲԴҪǳ͢ݣҲô˿ķҶķˣҲǻڷԣΪһؾһ棬ЩΪʱȴ£պ޶ʽɷڶٷĻǾͱؽط
һ׹ˣ϶¬Ҳ֪Щķ滹ˣЩ˲Ǯ£ҪطЩˣǷҪأ
˵ҲܶԣдܾڶĲǳ͢һֱһֻۣһֻۣǲǸ߱ˣķǿԿģ͢ҲҪӦΡ
յ¬֮Ϊ漰ɷȨԣļûеĻֻ»һִҾǵ֪Щķ˳ǮĳǳˣǷǼۡ
¬˼Ƭ̣ȿǲ֤ݡ
յǵȻ


1157 ˵лл
ɷƳʱڻǷǳصģζڶԴ棬һ㶼ǱȽϿݵģﷸʮˡ
¬쿴񰲾ֵĵ֮󣬵ȷЩ˽ŶĲեȡǮƣǾԳ˶ǮıԼȷʵ̫һˡ
ʮķ棬ʮķһĶķһٹᣬʮҶķǷʮᵽʮ᲻ȡһٹںնԣ㲻ʲôǶ˶ԣǾһʾ޿ǺղǲΪǺѽ㲻ĻһǸˣǾȤˡ
ķԱֻԼһ꣬һ꣬ᵽʮ᲻ȣͿְλĴСɡ
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ʵЩԸ񰲾Թ涨ˣҪǩˣŪǣĻǾͲˡ⵱ȻǺģ¶ˣҾƫҪǶˣ»ػҲҷ¡

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ˣˣɺһ־ͲСȼ
ɺԪֵܻԪҽǮԪһֻλͿˣǹ˽˽
ǵȻԪһֵСֶϻ¥һʱСֶǸ
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յֻصܾ˾칫ҡ
һۣ׷ЦϷԽԽˣյ֤һ㣬ЩҴ񰲾ֵͷˡ
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ҡҡͷҾǹһġ񰲾ǰգǱҪðյͬյĿģЩҴͬЩӵܵĻջǻΪǻֹǱҪð֪һͬʵģĻղǣǿ԰ǵġ
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˼ġΤֱð亹


1158 Դϲ
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̰䣬񰲾ָɵ÷ǳã޶һεжеǳ⡣˰
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ʵܶ󳼶Ĺ˳̼еĵλҪҧҪΪҧ޼ɹϵڳҧˣΪҧδԹκν飬ҲûиԣҧǺְܾıŴڣζڳҧĻھεģǺ⣬Ҫѳҧôó̴ܾ˾㵱ӦҲǿԸĵġ
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յȻҲ˼϶ҲᷴԣЩ񰲾ִռ֤ݵıֻҪʵ֤Ͳ̲ߣҪߣҾ㣬˵񰲾ģһж񰲾ַġ
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յ飬νǽԴϲûң


1159 Ҳ޷
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ʵôǵĻȥҲͦġЦʵܼ򵥣ԭֱߵģ̲ߣ񰲾ֵ˳ϯµУΪ֤˳ϯǵ֤ݣԼ鰸ʱһ¡
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ڵڶգ̴ǳµһ¥еĻʼҾ죬׵Ρ˼һʼҾôƴ󲿷ֹͶ̴ģʵۿҲǿⲻʾһСֻΪ϶ҪȾƣ˲񰲾ֵʳá
ʼҾǶǷǳˣһʵ̫ʹˣǿ쵶ն飬ɾ䣬ǶԼѵӪѧĹ徫ûܵӰ죬ǷǳҪġ
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ʼҾĸɾҲˣÿմŹľڴСѲӣԶڵһʱҪյԣȫͬģǽӦ˻ʼҾĴڡ

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һ죬ߵʲôһУǺò֪ߣֻһڼĶѡ

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һаҵͦԪĵ
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ϽĺϣѾǴˣǷ羰һţưܼγһ͵ֹҵеأǰĲԶɼһߵʹСһĽ԰ԶԶȥʮ׳ۡ
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Ļǿ찡Цһ仰Ǳ˼֣о˲ǮûǮǿ첻˵ġ
֣ҡͷûа취·ĹģԽԽҲԽԽ࣬ȻҲԼĺܹѧԺҲܺ˱ˣŮʦٺòˣҵ·ҲŮˡ
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һͼҪǮ鼮йԱһǳͶģɲһСĿѽ
¼֣һı飬ǵ⣬ɲ


1160 
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Цܼ򵥣ΪʲôǵķݱȽô࣬Ǿסڳ˶ôϡΪ󰡣һôؼȻˮǴߣصĳɱߣǷǳɹ۵ġ
ÿԽߣ˵ûж飬ڷزԲİ𷿣ҲשѽЩˣزˡ
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ޡҧͬʱͷһ

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Ȼô򵥡
ֽĹǽһߣҸʾνԷ⡣
ҧ֮󣬾ľüأûţһƵզʹ
͵ʺé
ޡҲ
¿ųҧç׾ģżҲЩԣľ鳣յȻûְֵĽ£ϲֻ
˽ʱҽˣϾϰ֮ˣǽеĵ鳡
ҧʼҪȱȿϼһһ飬ա¡֣һߡ
˫ʵʵ࣬ΪҲûô棬ںһ˲ûȥѽпտ϶ھưţǺնòԡ
˫ڶǰʱһɢűϣճµˣһ´һ㣬ȴ¬ֻҪˣľͶʰˣǾʹš
ҧŭԲĿգС̫ɶˣĪޣͽС޴Ϸ򡣡
¬ʲôֻǾ¶ѣ
ʱһ죬һСмɿĴֱӴ˵ڶš
յɵˣ£ʲô
¼ҵȻҪһѽôҿɲҡ˵ʱѾɿܵԼϣȻţľ鳵һӮˡ
ĨˣŶӱһܵǰʲôãҪһûйǻ䰡
µΪ
յҵԴԣֽţֽʲôʱˡ
˵䣬ϺѾͻص㡣
Ϊ³嶯½ûʲôˣȻȡͷһȴҰܶ顣
ľ鳣˼Ǽ򵥣ҲҪıԵģҪ˶һĻܻӺ棡

ҧգûã㷢ģϷãһˣһôѿ
ȴǲֻǱ򼼣¬ٱһô
պ֣жһۣͬʱĨһ亹СУҸҧаģΣҲֻˡ
ҧϷҲд⡣
΢Цĵ˵ͷǾʤɣһֻͬʱҲһЩϣȻҲһչ֡
պ֣Ѿʧȥ˷Ȩ
ǿʼһ̡
ڶ¾ͱȽӺյĽˣϾݻѾˣһپ٣һ˾Ҳ÷ǳš
մһ˵ʱͻȻСӻ氮˷ˣ񰲾ֲſŶãֳô
̵˾ˣһ˿ɵġ
ƳۺգЩ¿ΪЩ²ΪвǷǺڼ׵ģӦס
ôôգΪ
յףСǰ죬½ʷ̨
΢΢һЦΪ¼ѵû˵ôǴѾ£ΤةѲӣ˼Τ˼ǫ͵ȥѲˡ
ջû˵Ŀ˸˼¡
С鲻ԣʲô
ûʲôл˾棬֪ˡյͷ
̾ԭһҵȥѵӪɵúÿǿˡ
յ˾ĪˣѾУˣҿǸʺǡ
޵һЦǲδ𰸡


1161 
ںŵʱȴڷǳͶоϵľƣָ֣δ
麫Ǽģ뵱¸ѧ齫ʱ¸ӿֲ¾Ƿǳʤģ¶˺Ҫô棬Ҫ͵һ
ȻҲڼҴ̫ˣò׳ŷŷ磬ʲô𾢡
յȻˣҲͶȥˣлء
Ǳ߳ҧʵҲǷǳʤģȻá
ǣϾǺմģսǶ֪ڶյսǼѵİһ֡
ָǵ˰Ȼ˫ڵǰķǳҡ
Եһ̵ˣ
ҧ˫ľ鳣쳣棬ֻҪһˣǾͿԵ춨ʤˡ
ڻ鳵ͬʱһ
ֶʱһžˣ
̴ʱ˫ָۣµСޣȻֱɼ㣬㣬ҵش򡣡
̵¬ȥ֮٣ҲѽƵסô
޹С£㲻ĸŮӱõ¯డ
²֪˾Ϊô˵װɵ㶣ֳ֣еУ㻹ˣɱ˷¬һ⡣
ֱɵļ֣ǼˣһԳԹΪʲô£Ϊؼʱ򣬸Сڹһҩ壬¸ˣֻҲû뵽Сڹ꾹Ȼ̱ӣȻ¿ɴδһ㣬ֻǳڲʶ
ҧҲûа취ֻܳź䳰ȷգμһзˡ
ʼ¬̫ˣǼҷ˵㡣
ţ
ҧ𵱼һ㶡
ȴǵգգۡ
ޡǹЦù죬Ƿ޶ԻСڣҲΪһˡ
ǳҧҲǳأʼָ֣ˡ
֣񵭣ȥŵһһ׼ɫԼΪµǸ磬һߵ춨ʤƣӶһȡʤ
ڳҧǰҫ
óҧҪʤ
޵ȻϹ֣ǾͽһսۣʱԹ档
ϵͤϢһĴ˿ֳĶߣҲǿӱϣûʩꡣ
ҧͺï԰ǽôôǱߺû갡
޿ա̵Ŷǵڶˡ
ڶڣ
ţ
յͷ˱Ҫܷգ԰ɹˣôȻ˳ƶΪЧôˡ
ҧСӹô࣬԰ҿһʧܵġ
޵ͷҲΪˣǼСȥһ֮ǰҪȥ棬鶼϶ˡ
µʲô
޺ǺһЦûи˵ô
µֻǸңСġȻˣǹȥɡ
Ǽȥ
ӹɣ԰Ľ滹ʲô棬ŷԭô󣬻мһεĳأȫľģǳĹܱ߻һЩյأںŻΡ
ʱ࣬ҲߵģռͶɣҪ֪ؼǲҪǮģ֪ľҲ˵ˣľ嶼֪˶Ǯ
үˣ
¸ϽĿһһ޷ȥС֣ƱȽȤǰһӽԶСȥ󿿣ܲȵʣͨ嶼ľͷģϵȵľͷʱһ±ƣôСĳʹ
տЦ˵ˣСġ
֣Ҳأ
նת̤壬Ȼһֻתŷ
ԭˣ
֣еͷȷʵǳ
̵ѧǻ۽ᾧ
ҧɲʲôѧСʱԴ󷢣ûдһġ
ûУרŹСġҡҡͷֳ֣е֣ӵܴ֮׬һˣΪ׼רΪһַΡ
֣Ц˴ˣ˴ˡ
Ҳ棬룬ؼ÷רŸһֿмǿ鳡صмǸʲôģ
յ

һ㶡
ü˵ЩСˤˣҲˡ
ЦΪǲ֪档
գ۵ǿô
㶣ǿԡ
ˣҧ̴ߴٵߣȥʶһ¡˵ţʹмȥ
ƥߣָָ档
ΪΣ
ؿɲߵģһûЬ
ԭһͨרͨģһڣһ˫˫ĸСľֵЬӡ
ЬȤ
ҧһ˫СЬǰ֡
յ¬ͱˡ
ҧŭ˫ĿΪΣ
յˤӵģ¬ͲСˣΪ
ҧϷ칭СЬǳĸôϷκβˣ߯ҲСˡ
޵ƥ򣬺˵úܶԣǲòϰ
ҧޣȿ˵
Ȼ˫ԸɾЬȻѡһ˫ԼЬر߻ϣϾľأǳģ밴Ь֮󣬺ڳԣֻʼǺСʱǳеģǰСʱǺģͿСӵϲ
Թ󣬺տʼıݣתԾһ׶ˮкһ㣬Ʈݣ
Źʡ
ҧ𿴵ú𾢣µϷҲҪԣϷҲҪԡ
ɻ䣬ֻˤڵϣ˼Ȧ
һ˶ɵˣ
ϣ
һֳ¬һһէģˣ
ֻվڳߣżգû°ɣ
û£û£
ռѵվػ˹ڱϵľϣϣˡ
һǵųҧ¬ҿ˰ɣ㿴ôһˤôҡ
Ҳ˵ĲҪʲô£ɩ˿ɲҡ
ҧƼˤöôңôˤһ£Ʋޡô˵Ҳȷʵ̫ΣˣаɣаɣȻ˶棬Ҳˡ
޿Цҡҡͷ
ֵ˾գҿһûҪȥδϢһ¡
Ŀ˸˼£ԭˡҲã
֣еͷǴһ˿΢Ц˱ͳȥˡ
£㿴һǳȥû
ƫͷһȥˡ漴üźգҲ߯ûˣôˤһ£ֱˡ
վԭת˸Ȧⲻƭ¬ôҪ¬ˤһ£񼫣
ŷӦЦԭƭ˵ġ
յô
Ŀ˸£ҿô
ڣʲôߣЬȥ

㡪ңҪˤˣĲ㡣
±첻£ز£ǵЬ֮󣬶ʱҡһ䣬ΪһŮӣﻹаŮ緶˫ֽץסյ˫ۣ˫ȶڲδиܹ˫˵Ĳʹ
ˤţյܱͦµĸо㲻Ҫţһ
ܺãܺã
ȫעţƽϲѣȻ֣һֱĺվȻˣʱһΣ̱ңȥ
ʱһִӺסϸ֫˳һתˣˣ
ֻЦ¡
쵰˭ֵģȭյؿڣ䵽ؿʱȴġ
չʹأҿ㻬ͦõģԼԡ
Ҳܣδ㲻׼֣һ̵
ҡͷЦţţҷ֣һҲֵģ
ɬѩ׵ҧ촽˫շϼ峺˫Ŀװˮһ飬ŮСˣǷ֣
һ·˫ȣ˷·Ϊһ壬ң㣬ڳţһжôΪڡ
֮ʱ΢΢ͷŽޡ


1162 ٻ
ò˵ҪɱеˣΪǰҲֻ鶨Ϊһɲǵ̻𣬹˾͹ˣһһҪʡ
նڰ⣬ġ
ҲǺ뵱ڲͬĵط
ʴˣ´δԹհ䣬ΪһɲǵѾʤ˼ˣڳЩǣܹ
òֺܿ죬±еľϣñǸӳ죬ֱߣ˲뿪
ҧһգʱƿڴˣ˺յĿƣȴֺգ˵׺ջΪá
һ԰ˣŵǶˣΪýһְԣ޷嶨
ʵ԰ҲǺռƻеһ֣ɱС԰ˣǻ۾ǴӺӿʼģΪģκﶼ˺ģֺʹĽȵˣ˼ά͹̶Ŵ֮һ㶼֮Ҳȥıˡ
ϣֳܹ赱СһЩɣĽƻת仪Ĵͳ˼άǶڴӡ
ڼ֮󣬺Ͷڹˣռڶڽԣ൱ݳ޵ģΪкܶҪ

ȥȥ¤һЩƶ֮ص˶Ѿˣ
ոոŴ͸һϢ
𣿡
ϲ
ţǵݽĿϣ
ŴݸһϣȻⶼСдãЩũɲд֡
Ϸǳ򵥣ͷҲдʲôӵϣʮǧĶʺֲɣЩصʳֵһ룬ĶĵأҲ˵ڳ͢ġ
Ŵǵڵعٸİ£ѾЩ϶һЩɣܲܳɣ·ݾͿнˡ
յͷϷ£Ի幫һЩϢȥ˵͢ɣа̣ߣ顣
Ŵ£δҲ̫˰ɣ
򵥵лأյϾĿǰֻǿǻûиЩũ̸⣬Ҳ̫˹ע便Ҫתũмǲ͸硣
⵹ҲǣŴͷ͢һֱڿũȴǷУһ˵ķԡЩûȷʱǸ˵ʲô
ȻǺ򣡡յǴаأǶֲɣļƻ;Լǵĳаʽ
Ŵʲôаʽ
յܼ򵥣ȣǩԼ޵ķʽǡ
Ǻܶضǳ͢ġ
ֻһнˣǱٸũǩԼǽ͢Ϊ˵ĵжԣҹũ̫ܻˣңũҲ治ˣг͢ﵣͿԱ֤Ȩ档
һ£ǻ
ڹ²Ļԣʲôˡ赭дһЦֵ⣬ǹӶ棬Ҫ֪ǴӶˣǷˣͬʱǵҪֻǵһؽӴṹʵԵĽ´ٿᣬ˵˵
ŴЩǹӶũô죿
ЦǣԸԸȥԺ¡
Ŵ£Цⶼʡ
պǺһЦͬʱҲǱߵũ̸С
ŴɫصҹƱȸ̸лҪһЩԵʳΪ죬֮ԵΪ죬ЩƧİǳİղһЩԸ⽫ȥΪ֪Ĵʴ˶Ըȥ¡
ЦֻҪö˺óʵߣһж⡣
Ŵǲ֪ɺǰȥ
֣У
Цչͨ
֣µȷһѡŴͷԴûҪȥˣΪɣɲϲЩ£úأ
ЦЩտ϶òôǵȻ÷ƶ߰ԳдҲһܺõĽǿ͹֤յ룬ҿԶ˰˰˽ɣⶼʲô⡣˶٣ֵ⣬һڲ
ڲ
Ŵ㵵ʲô˼
յ֪ģǻչȭţôҪ˲ſ϶Ͷ࣬ϣǻÿһûлججĹţұһЩѹһһЩҳ鷢ǣĩڲԣʱϱǨɼǺҪġ
Ŵ¶Ϊ֮ɫǻٹԱɶǳҴ塣
շʵѵҴ˲ӦøӴһЩһֱΪġ
һ仰µŴƿԣ⻰Ըȥ˵ҿɲȥ
ЦҲûдȥ˵ֻͬѣҿʱҸ˵ġ
ҵͬ⣿ŴҲҪɣ
ȻҪ
ͻã
ʱһ˽ɣʷة
Ŵ󾪵ʷةʲô
⵱ٵһʷ̨ǾˣûĸԱԸʷ̨򽻵
룡˵Ŵţġ
˵ţҲſڣƬ̣ͼΤ˼ǫ˽æֵͷΤةˣǹⲻȥ
Τ˼ǫЦ޷޷Ҳǻ֧һЩǮѲá
ǣ룡
룡
һѹ󣬺վ͵ģΤةٹЩӾ͵óѲӣҲȥز鿴ѯһ²״ҿǷܹǸΤةһ顣
ŴֻĪ
Τ˼ǫҲƣΪΣǻҲȥز鿴ΪҪʷ̨һ𣿡
̾˿һ㣬Ǹ黹ڼָյβãǿ϶ߵģʴ˳ȥѲӣȱһͷģֻΣΪҪľΪΤة
ΪңΤ˼ǫԽԽˡ
յͷǮйصģǻһЩè壬ҲҲǻˣֻǵ޷ֿЩջΤةϣΤةæһ㡣
Τ˼ǫüⲻװɣ
ЦҾװʷ̨ǸලԱôΤةһߣΤةͿ˳ලˣΪҲʷְ̨ΧڣΥơ
ôһ˵ĻΤ˼ǫͷ˵Ҳ޵֪׳ˣ񻧲ûܾѽðɡ
ǶлΤةˡֵ
Τ˼ǫ֮Ŵ̲ɣΪҪôǻԼȥģҲȥҲȥ㲻ǰʷ̨ǻô
Ц񻧲ֽȱҶ߲ˣֵ֣ȥæŸ̸ɣ£ֻȥˡ
ǰҲйŴ
յ˵ĹְСسǻܳסЩҪأɾͳԲסˣʷ̨Ѳӿֱڱ£ȨǷǳģǵҪǸΤ˼ǫȥĻҪʲôΤ˼ǫһ¹˭ҲóҪ˻ĻΤ˼ǫ϶
ŴһЦԭ㲻ʷ̨ǻ£Ҫʷ̨Ȩǡ
յͷ
ɣһлǸ߰


1163 ˳
ʵںնԣѵһ㲢룬ٵطϣΪȫûطϵþ룬ⳤһأҵ治ġʮҪطݣʹȥȥѲǡΤ˼ǫҲɳȥҪãնöԲԼ
Τ˼ǫ֮󣬺ǸŴһѲӵѡҪܹŵùģ˾ϲΨףԣҪǲҪԼȥ룬˵ȥˣרƵ˼룬ڷ¥ַǳ
ٿڲ飬˵һ£վ͸߸ӦЩˣǹڲһ£û뵽ǣ˻ͦģؼڿˣںսԼΪԱر鼮̫ˣҲԼ£Ϊϴ㻧Ա϶ҪѧϰһףҪϴ˼ǰ;ҷ·׼ǳ̹ȻĽˡ
úվԼ̫ٳ
֮󣬺վڰ˼˸Τ˼ǫȥѲزʲôѣʵⶼǷžõģ⵹ҲֻǲǣΪʲôҪʷةһȥոĻشҲܺգǽԼ·ѣߣ̫˷ˣϾǮɶǻѽ
ΪĺܼΤ˼ǫϾҪˣ˺ռڻųѲӵ£ҪעЩ¡
ǱΤ˼ǫҲһ˿׼ʱ׼ʵ֪ΪʲôʷةѲӵģ飬ʷةһ㲻Ѳģ˵ĸмҲ˵ĲĳһֵĽǶǹٹ໤ǴһֽǶΪ˱Τ˼ǫ뿪ʱҲζӳ£ֻܱŴ£Ȼﰭ£ôҾȥѵطϹܺãҲǶԵʵ۵Ρ

ոΤ˼ǫãһҪ뿪ˣع桢չɡֵˡ
Ͻμͷϣա¡ѩܵܡСҰǵ
գǵڶˣɲʲôˣҪʧܣһӿǻˡ
չվͷһ뿪ʱɫ쳣أڳŵʱƵĲ֪ߵغ񣬽һ뿪գͳûˣϻؾ˰ĵĻصݣŪһͿغ¸ĵ⣬Ҫʧܵû;ľ͵Ϊֹˣ˵֣̿ǿ϶Ǽٵġ
̵ӣ㾡ܷģҪʧܵĻ˽˳Ǯ㲹ȥ
һعԣ˵ʲô
չǵڶˣǵһرպѽػؼݿҲЯߺմڵĿ䣬вã滹˵
գȻعڱϣæûʲô˵Цˡ
𣿡
ع浹ҲûлɣϾǰЦ÷֮󣬿ɾͰڳչ˺õΪδڸ߾ТǲТ
ЦģҺһչ˺˵ġ
ĻҵǷġع˵һԵãֻµĻ
¼翴ߵ磬ЩҳٳδޣΪڵТѾ˸أڵߣ㲻ỹ˼˵Ұɣ
ô
Ծȵ£治ɫ룬ѧһɹȥˡ
عһ㶣εǣ
չɿúίѽعͿô˵ȴܣҲǸģںԼ˵ѩСö̫˼վԽԽңһա
ף
̵ֵܶˣҪ˵ôһоڲС
չɲ䲻ȵҲֻܾڲˡ
󷽵ɣҷģһչ˺÷ѩģίġĸ緶ɰ
չһ·ˣɲͬҲ˵Ƴǿˡ
عԺˣôҵ£ֵչˣĿɨţܾǹ찡
ȥ˵ϼɣ
ֻâڱȥǱߣСĨˣļ򣬵壬һ·˳磬ʲô鷳ǧҪ˵ʲôҡ
Ӧ˼пյĻ÷忴÷ܶ˶ġ
յͷһȥġ

һһһ֮󣬼˾ϵôԶȥ
ȵһһһʧڵƽ֮󣬺ǲջĿܵܵ磬ǲȥץˡ
Ƴ¡ѩһ˴ԼӺݻȷǷһͤͤЦٻ⣬ɫ룬һûᣬȥץ㣿δ̫˷˰ɣ
ЦͻȻµС֣˵㣬պôҲһ࣬ˮץ㣬˿ඪѽߣȥɣ
˵ţһãСֺСҰǱߵСӱȥ
»ЦҽǮܽҶ裡հԷģּºѩԼ˸շģǾһ̤̤ɺã
ﲻ֪еСžţ򴽰һۣѩȥǱ߿ѩμȥ
һ֮ڴû˽ҵ˼պƤ׷ȥˣȵң
ºȻͷʵ˭ˣ

սһЩûеһƵ¡
¿ճԱˣһЦּѩͨ죬룬ɱˣ֣ʵѩڼҸʲô
ѩһֱڼѧƴ˵͵͵Ƴۺա
ڣ֪ȵûȥô
˰㻹ĺĺնˣҪȥץ㡣
ѩƬ̣漴ҡҡͷ
̧ͷر壬ȥѩѹҶɱͷΪҲ׼ȥ
˽ѵǰһĨźһ룬ҪҪͬӣ
ֳѩѩ㵹ҲַȷҲͦæġ
ѩҡҡͷɬ֪Ҳûй
ôȥᡣ΢һˣҪȥѧԺʦ
ѩͷ
ãҲҪȥԺµ
Ժ
ѩͺͬ
΢΢üѵ𣿡
ǡȻǵġԺյͷ
ֵҼסڶǣҪϽϿΣҲ㣬Ҵڽ⽨һլԺ࣬ҪһסɣǱһȥѧԺϿΣҲиӦ÷
жȻһһǵᱲѽȥסȥס£Ұˣ
ð
ѩɬѵ˼һƬ磬ʶľ͵ͷͻȻӦġһ
µôѵԸһͬסô
һһҾµͦģŮ˽ǣͦΣյģһ໥иӦͦõġ
ѩߺ죬ǡҡҵ׼ġ
԰˼ګһ⣬ҵ취ͷղ΢΢ü
ЦģԻȥ常˵ģӦġ
վȵȥ˵
µѩһͬסģȻȥθɣ
ɵЦõͷ⵹Ҳǡ
İǾô˵ˡ


1164 ֮֮
½һԾŶ˵ˣǲҲöʵԸЩƵĵطĳЩ涼ͦѵģҲвͬĵطκ棬ѣڻ£Ҫ֪û飬ƽʲô¶ҪսپռɵľͱȽ϶һЩؼºǵߣռˣҪͱˣ˼Ӧ¿϶̸ǵߣҪڵĻǾû̫Ĺǣ
ʵѽ»ѡԪǱ߻˵ϾԪҳȴӦŻµģҵ̬Ȼģɣ˼ګǸǧ˿ƵĹϵһϾܾģ̫ˣҿɲͨ壬˵ǻƽ壬¤壬ǰң˼ګһֱìܡ
˵Ҫסһ𣬲Ҳ֪˼ګ϶ܾģùոȥδͬӣⲻǵŻô
³ĻͲһˣһΪʽķ˿ұ̬ȣǽѩģҲԸһ̨£ѩͬסģͬãѩҼסһЩӣ
ղδ뵽³Ϊ̫۸ˡ
֪ľѳۣһԼһִٳɵģҪΪ˸Ҳ֪ĿǰΣӣӦðüҪúΪ²ˣĻʵҲסһΪղǰҪãںͬӵļƻڴ齨ͥ
˳ȷﺫռ˲ص
Ȼ죬Ҳ˹ѧԺ£һǳõͷѩ˼ګĽнų˺ջؼұ̰֮ɣľһƪ½һڴձһƪ£׼ʼﱸŮʦͬʱɣľϽѡһԴұҪ죬ǮҲ⣬ԼҲʼͼˣƣϣһб


վǸԵһգΪսƺܶഫͳ˵ǳƷơ
ΪЩͽʼ̵ӣΪһ¡
ģЩͽ׼ʱ񰲾֣һû٣û˸ҳٵΪʱǳ񰲾ֵʱ򣬻ʼҾһ׼ʱٵƬ̣Ͷ෣һա
ֽ˭񰲾ֵĻ
ͷûһģС£õǳ棬Ҳ̫ЩһˣɶºԪһ档
Ҳܼ򵥣ɨڵĳˮԼ޲һЩҪڵġЩʵǶͽڵġ
Щӵһ찡޲б˵ʿɱ衣
һ仰񰲾һͬǿԲɣһȰɡ
Ҫͷ̨ǰʲôɱ裬Ȼ㾡Ұɣǧɱҡ
ЩͽǷ׷ϴӼĹڴǵ֯£ԱԼʩ
Ƿ׷׸ιۣҪǰ̫ˣùӵȥɨˮ޲һŰʱ־вٹӵܻɨ㣬޲
ˬ
о̫ˬˣ
ЩӵܣһĻ·һڻѹؿڵԹķйˡ
һ̶ϣҲʿĽޣɷʿƽȡ
񰲾ֵҲ˸ˮǴߣһȺӵܶ񰲾ָˣǻ˭ӵˣ
ƽһˮ棬ΤѦٵӶɨ㡣
ⱾͶˣؼǱ϶ƽʱǲһܶ˶йЩڴǰɨˮԺܼܲ氡
ߣ壬㲻Ҫ⣬ôǹɱܴ裬˵վֵˡ
Τһɨһ߳һԼӵĴ
ɱˣЦΤִԲӣҽվΪǹӵܣɨ㣬ҲΪǹӵܡΪʲôΤ־ͲܷʡһƽʱЩ£ĵǾΤϵŷ磬̸壬Ҳʲô֮¡
Τҧгݵ壬ǲꡣ
΢Цǲ֪ɨã
㡪
Τˣ
һѦٵ磬ɽתˮתպơ
ڻ¥һڡ
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ĿͶ䵽⣬ȭ棬дⶨǺ⣬ǹ塣
ĿͶһߣЩŵļˣһֻմȥǳͷ˵̾˿ֻϧ˸Ŵеˣϣܹڿƾ뺮һϸ£ֱŷ硣
һĨŭҲǺŪģǾ̺ôȥҪһɫơ
һ湫ͻȻ̾Ҫȥ˶ķɾ˼ˡ
飬Ӷϣڵܡ
粻帮ӣ
ɲôԴ帮֮ǲһ˶ͽµĶԼĳ͸ڳĵؽϿû˸˵ϧһ̾˵ʵڻʼҾķգȥķ棬ֻʱΪǼҳ˵£ûȥɣӹһ١ҲڵĻǷǳȤ
Ƶ帮ԸƲ
ɲôô˵帮ոյӾٳˮ˭ҲӦİ
ȻǺЦ
Ʋ֣Цô
澡ĻʿɱǺβ֮֮

յûйȥʹˮ⹤򻹲ȥԼׯ԰ʳ׼ȥ
ɣ
Ÿʳǣ˺תͷһ٣æԭ飬ɰ
ٹ֣Ŀܱˣŵصڴ˵Ⱥɵġ
𣿡
һЦǾͱ߱˵ɣ룡
룡
һһ˵ɣϵѡѾѡˡ
յ˭
ٵ»ͺĹѧʿ¡
Щӡ˼Σ㲻õ׸ô
ٵͷǴǴĸ֮ӡ
üǲǴһ㡣
ٵһ֮ܲøʮСȥΰɡȻӢǿһġңֻȰݳ£һȥ
üǶ˶˹ѫ֮ôţע⣿
ЦҲдɣڡ帮ʽ֮󣬾ʩѹҪ㡢µ볤ĻȥǱʡÿ˳ˮۡ
յͷ˳ˮ۵ǲǣܷ񿰵ΣԼǷҵĽ顣
ٵ˶˽֮ţ̫ʥ֮ѲȫأҲڹݴһЩӣڻӺɵĽ飬һΪǵ;룬ΪβɻҪٻصĹˣҲӦ
Ҳǣȣ帮ô϶˻Щµģڿ죬˭ҲϵһӵģسģĻһӴˣôš
ٵҴιݴʷ³ݴʷ
յͷ֮󣬻ͷҰһ£ҪǼһ档


1165 ƲŮ
ȨȵĽӣһҲǱĬģ˵˭һ仰˵һ˲£޼˵ںϴǶģҲǳ˼ƾʲôյġ
⻹Ҫʵ֡
վƾԼʵӳ޼нӹȨȣܼ򵥣帮һֱҹ¤ŵ鷳ĿǰΨһԹ帮ľǺգЩȾصĹ¤ųԱҪ˰˵ǲܻسҲǺա
սΪģ¤ŶΧתǵΧתЩԼڱԵشˡ
ںնԣܹݡݣعڵļݣչڵݣϵľüܹѾֳˣǹݣǼֱһϽƻľڣ˺շǵø㡢¼һ档
Ǻմʡʾ֮ٸǼ档
ڴ֮ǰһҪŮʦ
Ҫձˣ
һڴձҪĻǹƸŮʦ£һϲ£ǡ԰Ρһµͻ򱾣ڹŴһǳ˵֣ΪŴ鼮٣ֵ٣飬ûгֹȻҲΪûⷽ鼮ûѡ˲ô𣬶յġѧ֮ѧҲͻһ򱾡
ʵһʼʱñȡ԰ΡҪ𣬵Ǻ̷Ϊרҵ̫ǿʵǺյ̫ˣ´СС˶ǳ԰Ρһ·߸ͽ
Һջ½ʽۡ
տɲЩʲôںһֱΪϾûʲôкòĶʲôǺõģܶϲĶǺõģûеڶ׼Ҫݸ߱ˣֵһģ鼮ڵڶھͻὫӡȥ
ϢһնǾȲѣֱ̫ţˣô࣬׬Ǯ
ȷڴ֮ǰӡˢһֱ¥ΪĲţû֮һȴǲĲţΪշǳӽĻӡˢһֱٸٶתձһֱǿѪټϽ̿ӡˢ޳׵ģʴɣľһӡˢͷۡ
ֹѪˣûгŤתǮľ档
˼ګû뵽нߵľȻѩһ£ѩʹﵽٹᣬ˵һƷԱнҪ֪⻹ֻǳ϶µģֻǺղδӯݡ
ݾѧԺŮʦϢ
ҲǳֱˡƲŮҳϲֹ
ͷѽŮҪӣͷ¶棬ŮܲƣЧһʵۡʺأ˭˵Էֹ˭Ҫô˵ʵۿ϶ڵһʱ̸ġ
ݾǴ˵һ棬Ȼǻʺĸ£ҪѧԺҲҪŻʺУศɵġһӣô仰̡ԭŮ˵ģʥ˿ɶô˵ģôŮһŮˣ¶ͯһͯôŮ˽飬ǲ쾭֮¡
һ³ѧԱԺԺѩΪһѧԺǩԼŮʦ
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ȣʦơ
ΣƷЧӦǻʺĺ١
󣬳ͷУºѩ
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ԭƳŮʷһյϣңʷĽǶƵ֮Ů˿ʼңʵۣ࣬˼ոǰŷҪŶˡֻǺ졢Ϲ̫ƽһϵеʧܣȨֻصУͱ꼻һ֡
ǵˣ˿ʼŮ˴Ȩʷȫģж໵˵ö໵ϾǧŵһŮۣԼҲȽϿÿŪһֱǰô˵ô˵ǰҪõĶõˣЩСҲ͸̰ңֱʱڣŮ˻ԱȽɵģֻŮ˸һֱǵʱڣſʼȫŮ˵ġ
ôϢһŮ˿ɵ⣬ΪĿǰΪֹûһṩŮ˵ĸλ
ȻֻڹҵŮӣΪǿ鿴ö࣬˼ȽϿţö࣬ѰŮûôǰ˼롣
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ͣĶҪΧѧԺݺݺ࣬Цڶ
һٸȺ緢˵λãӹ˽ΪŮ˲ˣⲻ˵һ֮ʣһֱΪŮ˵ĲŻˣֻδչʾĻᣬҳԺֻһĿģҪ֤һ㣬Ů˱ҪǿǱѧԺصʿѧԺᱻѧԺܡ
ô˵ˣ»˭ԭѧԺȤ뵱ŮʼҾܾ˾ΪûģҲɵѰ˼ţҪһ죬̫һ㣬ȽѧԺΪŮʱŮʼҾȻҲ˳ˣ̴ǽһ찡
˵úãŮȻ̲ˣҪȲŻҲˡ
˭˵Ů˴̲ˣ뵱ƽ֣˳פУɽңս޲ʤ޲ˣսպա
һ˵ƽ¶پʱʵƽµżҲɷ࣬Ϊͨڵıȴ֮أƽǳսʱڣ˴Ԫ˧ģŮ뵱Ǽǲܵġ
½㣬ѧԺǵǲ壬ʿѧԺиǽģǿɲǵĶ֡
ߣδҲ̫߿ˣǰˣһͬҲǣ¿ɴӲް֮սҲԸӵڶҼȻԺôѧԺһǿġ
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һֻһ˴˽
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ǸŮ֮Ѳ٣ҲŴӦŮʦҲ룬ܹվΪˣŮˡ
˵ܹվʺθɡ
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Ȿʵ
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񣡡
ЦɣǺѽ
ճϻ̳Ͽֵ΢ң΢
ﵹҲ̸ϣ
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ʺʥ
һŮ˵ƵĿա
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ЦǺܲѽҲԣ˵ԷˣȻˣǾͱһȰɡ
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ЦˣҲ޷ͶڽĴ󿼡ƳǣΣ
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ﲻ֪еСžţ˼£ҪӮˣʤ֮䣬ҪˣǿɾˣǵҲһЩףѧһ£ҲһЩɴɣǱѧԺԸıһЩʱһЩĿʱԶһЩ٣͹ƽˡ
ͷЦǾô˵ˡ


1166 ε
ʵѧԺڲŮǺͼƻõģΪʧȥĻʦǾ͵ùҹˣѧҲùҹȥͻʧȥģҪѧԺһЩ飬ʹȫԸֻԭǷǣ֪Ҫ棬Ⱦս
Ȼ׺յ⣬ҲйȾŮĶңҲǷǳҪǿģһУǾŮ˲ˡ
ȻһĿģŮ˵ĵλܼ򵥣Ů˵ĵλԽߣ漰Խ࣬ôΪʺ͸зӵˡĿǰԣ󹬻Ǿ漰͢ģ仯θһͬ˵Ĺϵڵ¤ŵĶУѾ޻̸ʴֱһЩ͢£ҲҲʹҰͣңҲġ
ͬʱһҲЩŮ˵ӵΧߴߴզզ˵ͣ
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ѩԣգ⡪ҴδʦҲ֪̺ܲܽǵƴ
Сǵõд԰ΡʱҲ²˰ǽΡ
ѩ֪úãҲ˲
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˻ʼҾǺˣҵҵȥ·Ԫһˬ
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ЦԪɡ

ԪһһʺȻڣʱ΢Ԫһμʺ󡣡
񣡡
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Ԫһһת΢һѲӣȷѧԺŮӲܵΣգպ·ʲôҪæô
Цŵͷǵˡ
ʺˣⶼ΢֮¡
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֪Ԫһ϶ΪģǵԪһжðɡ
Ԫһ˹һеá˵ûעԼˣСյգһһֱæֻһֱûҵᡣ
յʲô£
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Ԫһһǻ˵ôȻдüã˵ǡ԰Ρҿػض˺ü飬еһЩںһ˵ֲѩźյգ𲻴Ӧ
վǰ㲻ʣңǺοˣյҵҲ룬ҸǩԼܱ¶
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һԪϲѽҼǵ㿴ɫʱ򶼿ˡ
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ţ԰Ρȷдø˷θϱ𡶰ɫ԰ΡҪӿңɫ̫ƫʿ֮ˣûīڸ顣
ǰô˵İ
ֻΪǰûбȽϰ

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λһһλӣҲǣ
ҵǾǰ˶һλ־ĺˡ
ǣҾðһһλڵĺŴӣֻĽŮӣȴֲɵҲʴ˲ī飬ýǼ˼ͺһ
Сӣһ䣬ҷ˿ƳǿʲôɵҲ
ѽԲС˵ˡ
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һתǲ֪˻Ůˣ˵ɣǿԭġ
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Ԫһգ۵Ǿ͸ýܸʶˡ
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ǼǼź˵˭Բȥˡ
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ѩ㾿˭ģ
ѩǿǽãôܰźˡ
ǣ˶վŮߵġ
Сӣ˵ʲôˣֻǾ¡

ѩ̱ŮڷϽǸվŮǱȥˡ
ԪһһԣϽ蹫֮㿪
Ǻֻʣºһ˹¾ս˫ȭʮѽŮҲ֪ĥķݡ
ջ棬úմѧԺĴתתŰﺫսΧ
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һ߻ĿĹˣһ˵
յǣҲǣֻ֣ǾᣬϻǻǮ
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ԵЩ
ֵ񰲾һţ̾Զŷ췭ظǺ£Ҳвõһ档
յղ׻ʺ⻰˼
ΪվҪһԲ֮ͨ㽫񰲾ķģֻзǣȴԲ֮˭һ֣ˣҲ˰
յ֮ʵ񰲾ⷽԲʼҾȷķģ񰲾ֵĻڳˣС¿ɷ¿԰
Цβ֪񰲾ðյӵҪԲˣֻ²ôףΪ»Ҫأ򲻿ɼɡ񰲾˵⣬֮һߣǣŹΪҪˣ֮ɻһȺΪҪˣһȺ˾һߵһأ
յճĹ룬мһȺˣһϣⶼʷ̨¡
ˣЩδܾ⡣ͺñϴŵѣɫĳǳأ˼е࣬еƣҲνģû˻⡣ȹȴǵ˿ģǳģһ࣬Ե÷ǳۣ˵еˣ˭ܱ֤ܹմҳˡ񰲾־£ɵúú밡
͵뷨βǷǺڼ׵ģǻɫģʹĶǻɫ£һ㺫Ҳǳͬ;Ǳɵġչֵɻʺ㲦΢ܽˡ
Ц㲦Ҳ̸ϣֻУ֪һΪΪЩ²ɼɣ콥շ硣
ΪʲôҪ˵һΪǼȵߣջɹ֮ʱ϶Ҫ·ɫشģ񰲾ֲܵǰ棬㿴ôֱӰΤ˼ǫȥѲˣʷ̨
ǿ񰲾߯ҲˣͷһСѽһͽһ飬ǰյȻΪ񰲾ֿΪոεļȵߺͰշͻʱξѰˣ˵ôеô죬ҵȴûеõڻʵ۶ԣȻΪأǶڻʺԣȻǳΪء


1167 ֮
ʵŪ񰲾ֻ֣Ϊ˱֤յȨ棬ҲûɻʼҾȥԸУ㣬ͲŪʲôʼҾ죬취ʷ̨ʼҾ첻Ǵĸ濴ҲΪζ׼ġ
ںտζĲ棬ô涼У¶ɱųնȫ䣬ôΪΪҶһ֮ѣֻҪվ棬κδ۶ΪǶǵģҪӰ쵽䣬ҪŪˣǰһ棬չҵҪ̫ƽ
ȻҲֻڸմԤ룬Ҳ˵һģҪΪѧԺվ̨ʾԼ֧Ů˵ʦģҲõһȺŮ˵ӵһѧԺʦΣ
ŮʦŮʼҾʿɲһŮʦʦӣŮӵнȨֻǽ̱˵Ķӣڹͺñȴ̣Ҫ˶ˣֻŮˣ˷󡣵ǾְȨӹ˵ģҪĻսȨҪŮʼҾ죬Ͳô׵ġ
ս£ʱȣվͿʼѧ׼ѧƴѧʽѧҪѧϰƴõǿԸſαߣѧ
Ϊ˵Ȼѩ¹ܷգԲˡ
˼ګҲܲˣ˼ګգΪ˽ѩѪ̬ͿʼˣҪܾĻ֪ջɳʲô


μ֮ϣ󣬽꣬ٶ࣬Ǿ÷չһǿ֤
һֻСμ֮Уܱ߸ĴֻЩ롣
ˣ곤ʮȴֻжʮ꣬صĳۡ
Ǻա¡ˡ
ٸոսµһŵݸʡûйվΪº㣬ȻٽҲһЩ֮㰲ŵطȥˡ
֮ǰΪ⺮֮ԣ͸ԽȥΨ˵һ䡮ϲΪǡ
΢΢Ц
㸧һЦʺУһ鴫
ҲͷǱԶȥ֮أȴҵȵϲ˰˼ѽ
ǶҪ˵ǻǺյĵˣǴСͽõĽҲŻ磬ӵйʣؿ㣬ʹûн̣ƽˣҲһգ־壬Ϊô˵ҲȫԼƴģ൱׵ġ
˺ȻʿѹƣǲʿˣҽӴĶ뻹ǹ壬Ϊ֪κνײ㶼к˻ˣһŶۡ
պǺһЦ˾ղ߲߾нյĵλٲҲȸ߾ɡ
˾ȥ̡
ǲҲ˵ǽҵʵһġЦ
ԭһϲǿżɽ¹ֵԸꡣ
յҲǶ˳ʥ˵Ĵ˽ĲǺ
Цɹǫˣ˵ЩǱкա

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һ˵ʵͶ˸߹󡣡
յҲͲ˵ˣΪΪҲˣ治뵱ĹԱͲˣñӴƽ٣ɽҰһŶλȻҲҫ鹣ƽƣôҪﵽĿģߣպããͿˡ
֮Ҫȴʵװǻδ֮ء
ѾˣҾͲ˵һϲյΪδչֳλʵνɾҲ
µǴĳǫԴĳֻϵΪ
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˶һۡ
±Ƕ˽Ƕ˳δɲߴͽ̡
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˵򵥣ʵⲢ򵥣⽨ȻǹٸΪΪĵԱĵλʮǧ
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λӹȴһ⣬լط
յͷլطӦԭȻеġǶλβ룬˼ԭźúõģΪҪȥǵ֮أȻȥ׷棬ϵ֮أٸҲûʲôԸǵģνլطԼ͵ļǮظգҲҵͿڷֻҵϸÿֻɹĶҵǿڷԶַ̼ſһЩʽܹͶռءȥκ˰գƾһصǮ㹻֧ˣҲûʲô롣
ǳ͢Ӧô
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㾪ҪȵȡóɹɲһʱĹһ
ҡҡͷɹֳģΪؿ϶Ҫ˿תƵ磬ⲻǳ͢ϣ𣿡
˼ĵͷ
ֵ跨
յܲ͢Ǯ޽ͷ·ԼһЩ磬ôԶʮΪޣһЩõطˣȥ޽ͷ


1168 ʲôʲô
䣬͢Ű䷢ߣϣİǨ磬ʵƷԱ˿٣ȴȱľΪ˿ڶѻ磬ȴǻҰǧΪĴͳǲϲǨ㣬Ҳ⣬͢Ǩ㣬ǣ֮⣬öգŴûиǨٵһ꣬һ겻ֳɶ
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֯ǨͲͬмƻģ֯ģֻҪͿˣȫõ⡣
ҲˣôĴۣǨ֮أܵ͢øźߣլط͡跨ȫϺյϽƻϽƻҪľغ͸ۿڣݵĸۿΪҪΪԪҪεӶūƾԼҵˣǲԿ㡣
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ʱ̴ߵñȽϽֻǺҧվһߣò̼վһߡ
ӵ֮ϴĸ棬˿ԼҽľȨҲܵ˱µ͡һĹĻô»ֻ䱾


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տЦҪΤ˼ǫڵĻǿԵģʷ̨ǴڵңΪʷ̨ˮ˵Ȿף帮ĹϵǲӦ񰲾ְֵȨڣ֮䣬ʷ̨Ⱦָġ
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֪Ϊı߻Ӯ
ⲢҪ
վ̨΢΢һЦת¥ȥ


1171 ֻһ

Žţ֪帮϶Ѿȵ֪ˣΪ֪ǿͥУ൱࣬ģܴŽգȻǳԱŸġ
̴Ҳףװ˵ģ⣬Ŀ֮£ǰš
İգΣѾˣһֿϷ̬ȣЩٵڹҧ
ðΣŲſһͯԴŷ˭
̴񰲾ܾ˾Ҫӡ
Եһ£
ͯ˵꣬ͽŸˡ
̴һĨŭɫһССͯҲôңͷۺա
ʹ˸ɫʾ
̴Ʋѣûа취һʼվ޳Ҫ˵ģǷ˺յ飬˵帮йڣʵ֤ʱȡжĻ˵ҲɹǾͲ̫յķУѣȻҲ˼úճˡ
Ҳ棬Ϊ帮ͻĿǰûκ壬Ϊ˭ҲԲ˭ʵۡʺ󶼷ǳںġ
Ȱȣ
úðΣŲŻ帮ŮԪ˳
ԭܾ˾ݹ١
帮ӣƤЦⲻЦ˵
̴ֵ¹ٳ̴顣
帮ʵ֪ܾ˾췴к´ͽ̰
̴״̤ũׯڣʴӻ񰲾Э顣
帮ĿһɨЦⲻ밡
æҪᣬֻΪ˸¡صĴŴһЩһţǶûгⰡۡ
帮ۺգһĨɫʵҲĪίҶôˣǲȻһЩׯôûɱ˷ŻǻˣԵû֮ͥ£˳ؼҲ֪˺գҲǳ䣬ûʲô壬ҳӺ磬ˣҲǶ˵ˣСܾˣԲڴţ֮Իǰȥġ
ɼЩɵͷίĸǣǻȥɣû
̴¹˵ˣʴ˽صشǰΪβ
帮ôж벻𣡡
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æ֣ģֻҪȷʵвǵȻ½⣬񰲾Ǳŷյּ
帮ֱӺգŶ£Ǿôʦڣôߣǲ֪»ΪҪıˡ˵ӻ֣ȥɣС֮Իǰȥ񰲾ֵġ
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帮һôǻ׼˰
̴¹ٲңޱµʥּ˭ָӲĸۡ
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帮ʶȤĻ͸Ͻ˴뿪
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ðžͿţ˭ҽ帮Цһתȥ
̴̵Ԫ¾鷳ϼסš
帮ŲŸտżһ⻰Ȼŭתָų̴̴ʶô֪Χฮı֮ô
̴ɥ¹ĸҰΧ󸮣ֻӳ˶ѡ
úúã
帮֮У͸ҵŰɣ⻹ȱšˡ˵Źתһ룬˼ҲУ˯ˣ˯ž˯Űɡ
˵ţһ䣬ŭ˽ȥţ
ٺϡ
һ죡
Сˣ̫ʥϻڣţ̴һ䣬֮⣬һţҲ˶ҡعȥһεźյˡ
˺֮⣬˶е޹⡣
վǽǱȥŵˡ
һ
˼ĵΪΣ
յſ𣿡
аɣаɣ
ͷȥǽǴһƵվš
˹ȥβѵܾ˾ǲŰɡ
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ܾ˾ȥұ°
յȥұ£㲻ҪһҪˣţҾͲһӲţѧŵ㣬ͽֶΡ
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ѵӪõֶˡ

֣ԤƵĲһ
һƳ㿴նûô˵帮
΢΢üҲⲻӦѽո帮ͷҺȽ͵ģôõĻᣬȻŹҿ˵ɣ

ιգǲվɵȰɣ
˼ļܱ˫۾ǣâڱô˾նӣ̫ˡ
յûпô
ʲô
ͬ񣡡
յǿЩգǵѾıˡλֻһ㣬ΪֲǰշµĴǱҪôŻŤת
˼ƵôǰջôųĻʼҾ𣿡
ʲôųһǾ仰ҷ̫ǶԷ̫ǿֻôǡǡչֳǻʼҾֲиŬľǶôΰ١
̴һ治ˡ
յǾһֱվȥǱƶװˣŶ׶ˣôܹˣǾЦˣһս˭ĵù˭
̴Դȣⴵ磬Ǻĵù
յǲ֪ܾ˾˼ǣ
̴ҿ˿߶ͷܶŻˣҲ߲ѽȾ͵Ȱɡ
̽ٷȥһˣʳý緹͵˳һЩ
ٷ¡
յ𣿡
ŶûУ
ٷͷ뿪ˡ
ֹֽ˼䡣
ٺһЦ֪ˣ
˵Сܲίһ㣬վôˣ״û
Ŷ֪ˣ
ίĵͷȥˡ
ȥɣ
סȺ
Щջӿô鰸ģľȤģûнĻ뿪ѽʼѰλӣģ˲ûм٣ʼˡ
ʱ֣ʼҾڽˡ
Ƕɵˣ
ͬʱСϢʼˣϢǡǡ෴˵ʲô񰲾ַǳίڴ֮ǰѾŬռ֤ˣϣܹȥ񰲾ϵ飬ȴõյáһ棬帮Ϸˣճ͢涨ûץ˵ʸΪݹ涨˵ƷԱͱҪлʵѲ飬Ϊ˱ͳν׼
񰲾Ϊ˻һϧǰȺôΰ󣬴ӹĸôĽΪչ
ؼʵǰۺܿͽŤתˡ
ԭ񰲾帮ޣʵûа취ų̴ĸ帮Ľ̸Ѿ㹻֤񰲾Ŭ帮ˡ

ˣǶˣ
Ԫ帮ǰЩ˵
帮ߵ֮٣һΪֻʹʲôˣùǣǶˡ
Ԫˣ߿вٰտţɲð
帮ǺһЦ治м뵣ǣձ˭˽һЩɨǰѩǵ£Եģֵֻģȥɡ
ʵϤ˵Ҳһ׵ģʵҲȷʵˡ
Ԫˣ̤ׯڲʲô£Ϊֵô
帮ɫһ뵱Щӵٳ˭˸С£Ҳ룬Ҹողų񰲾ֵĻǽ˭ҺԷڣ񰲾Ҽˡ
Ԫôȥֵȥġ
Ҳ£帮мһЦ񰲾ˣô󳼲񰲾ֵͷһ֧ҵġңһ˵Ҫǳˣȥһ񰲾֣ҲΪ£񰲾֡


1172 ӡ
ⲢһΪսһȨĽΪ˵帮񰲾֣λģ˭Ըá
ܹƽľֻһˣ
ǻʵΡ
Ϊ񰲾ֺ帮ֱʵۡ
ǾͿʵʲôʱ֪ˡ
ֵô󣬻ʵ۲ܻùһղ֪
չãξٳ̴ա帮빬
ǵڣֻ֮⣬סڸһߡ
һ֣ո帮׹׿϶帮ģڿ϶Ժյġ
Ҷа֣ﶼô¡
΢μ¡
γüǣ䲻һŻʼңһǵ࣬Ȼôյ棬ֽǸ
΢֪
˵
εȻ֪ΪƫƫҪô
̴һί˵£΢ʵΰ΢Ҫôǻỵ˱µǰʮũ񰲾״̤ǵׯڣ΢þ˾ǰȥϣܹ񰲾Э飬˵󱧲˳š
΢ȵȿ֪յ֪֮Ϊ񰲾󣬲ٰջáʼҾ죬΢ǲôȥ΢ֻ»˼ʼҵ΢ʵڱΣȥҪˣжȥˣֻҪȷȷǳȻ½⣬黹ǲӦ΢ֻȺð֪ǻʼҾûаκˣûаܻʼҵ
εͷ帮䣬д£
帮æ£ԩ΢Ķӵȷ̤ũׯڣֻΪʱͻȻ裬СҲȥ̤ׯڣ֮СΪܾصұ㲡ˣ˾Ҳȷҹ΢΢˵С֮󣬱ȥ񰲾Э˰֪һգ̴ϼʮ΢ôҲǱշôֱĿˣҪ΢Эˣ΢ĸ鰡
׺ߵ飬ʵ˰ɣӲ̤ũׯڣ˻ЩũЩһ˵ӳЩũ򡣡
̴΢飬ȷд¡
ε£ǰӶӣΪ֮ǰջοЩ󳼣˼͢
ڵԲӣ֮ӣأŵڣǫЩũһʶҲ˵ˣЩũЩҲǻУ޿ɺǣĹУЩũﲻŭ֮ӣŵ֮ӷ༥ⲻֻһ
һЦų̴ܾ˾Ų̤ׯڵģ˱ԣΪɱŲ̤ׯڵģ
̴΢ʱڳ˵ʹӦΪɱŲ̤ׯڵģֻδҲ¶ۡ
׵£ǷǶԴһĿȻǰ󣬱ϳֻ¸˻Ч¡
帮һ飬ܾ˾жϣƾʲô˵һĿȻǼд˽ġ帮ٲãôҲһ̤ׯڣʲôҼҵױǮǲģҷΪ˰ԼĶҲǰУϣܹЩ֮ȥ񰲾֣ҪӶӣҿֱȥǼũҲٸˡ
ۣôţѧϰˡ
׵Ҫҵ֪޷Ǿǹ˼Լ棬ʴ˰ԼĶӣҪ°գû˿κ帮
帮ŭ㺬Ѫˣ
׵ǿʶߵڰףΪ˳
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μ͵һӵǶޱ죬޵ǵǼô
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üͷȻЩԾѽȱһһ۾Ϳڳ̴ĺգ䣡
գҾͺ䣡Ҳ湻ġε΢ڡ
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δ˺յĻ޾Ľ顣˵ŵȥĿ⣡
Ҫڲ尡ί΢΢ʵ񰲾Ϊⲻֻһ׮С¶ѣȻǲδ˼κˣ΢ǽ񰲾ֳ棬Щũ˽ºͽ⣬ǮǮõǸĵǸ
˵÷ǳԣεⲻһС£ֵز¾ͽ䴦
̵£Ҳ档
帮䣬ҽȥ㸮Ͽɡ
帮ϻ̳Ͽֵ΢εºܣܵȶݣȮӲкתӦÿԳˡ
һ£ôŷңǱ׼ˣ°ջοΪҲڼұ˼һ꣬Ļڡ
帮һ⻰찡ǶҶӵ;ףָŶƥ̫
״ӵ۵޳СˣϷ򡣡
̴նɵˣҲҪɵĽడ
Ҳˣİ𣬵ǻûа޷
մŭס帮ֱӹ£֪𷣡
帮飬ô˵Ҳǰܶڲѷ
帮ײ
׵飬ףҲпԭģٸһλᣬ»ٷؽϳͲ
ҲǸײ
εôǶư𣿷Ųͦ˵𣿡
˲ʥ֪ˡ
ε¾ôˣǶ°ɡ
ȸˡ

ǵһ˦䣬ľ뿪ˡ
ôˣ˻ҪһЩҲѪҡҡͷһԵ帮ԹŶףι飬ɫÿ°
帮һƳۺգ̨ȥ
æۡ飬ҷźôҲ˵仰лûС
帮΢΢ƫͷ۽ǿۺգ˵ǶлɵˣֵһСʮǮȥ񰲾֣ЩЩũǸ԰գ׷ȥ
֮⣬Ҷӿ϶Ǹģҷ
ֱŵһ־ˡ
벻»ô帮
̴
յǻʹСĸǽж
̴ŵҿ˿ܱˣŷ
պǺһЦ˵ҿҲŶ
̴˫Ŀһ漴첲ռһѹСǿǺ°»˭񰲾ҪˣͿ档
յʲôû˵


1173 ˫н
ξǰҪ帮Ҳûʲô˵ģҲϵˣֻȡһ񰲾Ľ͹ˡλǸ񰲾һ̨£Ͼȥһ񰲾֣߸̡
ǵ׼̴񰲾ȥһͻȻ˹ʺȥһˡ
̴ܾ˾ͻȥɣ
̴һ£漴һȥô죿
շŰ۵Ȼȳ˳֪ͨЩ״ũȥ񰲾һˡ
̴ǹ𣬵ͷȻ뿪ˡ
ǸǹǱȥ
԰Уͤڡ
΢ղμʺ󣡡
˵ɣ
ͤڣ΢΢һƳһ˿ֻ˵ʲôţ벻ôӦˡ
æʺ΢ûйϵ˵ףҲʲô£֮ǰǹ˼ɵʺ󣬲ŽϢˣ帮ԸϵĻͲֵز
ȴҲֲ帮ոճӾͱ񰲾ָץˣ㻹Уιȥд󳼷ǵΪҪѹһͷ帮ҪץķˣɣӦ𣿡
һ仰кյҪɼҲǷǳ˽⺫յġ˺Ҳʵ˵΢ȻӦһأ΢Ҳײ帮ǾϣϢˣҲΪŬֻǵʱ³ǲòȡʩϣܹ⡣
ֻС¡ЦҾͷˣҲƫ̻帮ֻҪףˣҲ˼񰲾ȥԸ帮ʵͬʱԸҲԼ
ʵаû˵꣬Ҳ˼Ȩ棬ȨҪɷ֮ϣҪ󳼽ɷУԼҲҪ󳼣㲻ȫٳ˶滹ͳν׼ɷѽԼͷˣ·ˣץǲץǲ˵տ϶µġ
յͷ΢һǻʺĽѵ
ѵ̸ˣһˣеϵĳЩ棬ϣƾΪǲܵġ赭д˵һ䣬ɫ⻰˵ƺ򵥣֪ο
ôĻʺ󰡣յʺ󣬳ҲΪڱݵġ
ɫص֪˭ڱ
˭һδǡ
ͣһ£ҴµľΪǳдΪǾЩӸΪ
ʵ˻
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һЦ֮˵񰲾ʵڴʿ㻹ģһҲ뵽ˣֻ񰲾䷢ãҪ漰ѹһشķǴһԭͲˡЩӵܣѽ𵱳֮Ķ
˵һЦʵô죿
ЦΪЩ˲ֻСˣһƽϣҲֻԽݣǼ׷ȥǿ϶Ҳᷴģֵֻûûˣ΢Ϊһ㾯ˣټ׷ȥˡ
С󣿡
һЦҲ޳ôҲһأǲҪ»ˡ
ĵľǺ帮ɱǶ˺̫ˣʵǲ̵ģֻ֪ҲץסԷİѱ˵û˱ȥ̤ׯڵģң׷ĻⰸӾͿ϶ûꡣ
յ΢ס
ʵˣ֪˭ͱȥġ
£Ӧö顣
˵ͷЦ黹ˮݰ
յͷͻȻðһ˿
ʱ˺ϼݵ
δ˽ռæӭϣ檣΢μ¡
񣡡
κȻգҲڰ
Ц̫Ӳһֱźδô˳ź빬ˣ㽫úһ£ɲһٶķ̫ӡ
գԽתûǿѽҲòô˵ɣⲻǸʵ۽ڷӵĻôһơ
ȻЦһɲֺܹգյΣֵȥ񰲾ֵ֣ȥȥ˼Ҽǰ緹Ļпչȥ̫Ӱ
һЦ
ε΢֪
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մͷȴί帮ǳģôֹ¶ˡ
ﵱȻף죬Һձֻͣ䣬Ҳмδȥ鿴̫ӵĿҵһȥɡ
ȥ
̫鷿⣬ֻ洫
֮Ϊߣ񣬽֮֮ΣǶࡣι֮ι֮
һ֮Ϊߣ񣬽֮֮ΣǶࡣι֮ι֮
κһۣ뺫Ჽۿվм䣬һֳ飬һָڱ󣬶ܱ߻żʮСмľ̫룬̫Ӷ飬϶ͯңȻһ˶ôİ
˵ʦ⻰˼ιߣҪðձҪðձôô
ҡҡͷȻǣһλġޡָǴʵǡָɹթ
˼Ǿν̰մʵأǲðղҪ飬Ҫֻ֪̫࣬ҪǶȥܼ֯ͿˣǾͲɹթôʵڹҵİг
ʵǽ̲ģֻȥѱ͸ѱһ
Գ£ŵͷҲô˵ǰնʳǣȻ̫ƽ˽̰֯ʵΪպãҲΪҺá
ʵӣǿӣ˼룬ΪǵռĿһģΪΣΪΣΪ˴гᣬ֯ˣ˶ڣȥι˭ȥѰ˼ʵˣÿײ㶼Լı֣ҪȥߵĵλĹҲŻг
˼𣬵Ȼǵģ仰еġޡǡʲô˼ʵ˼ģʲôǴʵǰڱôͶҪȥ飬Ҫֻ̫֪࣬˲Żᰲؼ˵ȻҪõѽȻΣƾʲôڵ㲻˵ǳʤ㣬ôгȶᣬôչ
Ǵѽ統Ȼĺ˼룬ֻ˵ǵġ
ʵΪĸҪѧԺЩյĶŮ飬ⲻҪ˽ѧôɶðձô
ﲻۺա
ˣʲô˼ҲҰɣ
һ仰ǰסˣԹֻǮ˲ܶ飬Ѱûʸ飬￪ͻȻǺһЦ⣬µ봰ļλʵ½ˡ
ηӦ죬С⽻ˡ
վŵ£Ҳûж鰡
𰡣
˵ţҲձĻᣬ˽ȥ


1174 
աμʣĸ󣡡
У뿴һϲѣȺգΡ
ǹһ漴ҵ棬û뵽ϿΡ˶٣һתʵκ¶ݽϣʵһ£ҲδɣҿѧҲͦ۵ģȻϢһ°ɣ
ЩСһ֪˰
ȴջ꣬գ˽̫ӣ̫ԵԿҵΪأ̫ʷڿΡ
ۿ㵱Ҳ֪ô˭Ҹ㶨Ҳֻг²ôæһʱ죬̫ʷ¡
ﲻ֪յ˼ǺһЦ޷޷
ͻȻգãʦ̸˵һ仰Ҳļ⡣
𣿡
տʼĨˣˣʱѵӪڿʱöʥҵĿûǲѽһ˼ţһʵָ֪Ǿ仰
ǣ֮Ϊߣ񣬽֮֮ΣǶࡣι֮ι֮¡˵ţֽĶԴԼɻһȫߺա
ʱŷӦȴھΣʶˣĸѧԺȻǺճ⡣
ͬĵͷ
ô
Ǻǲͬ仰
κȻۺգʾգ׼ͬΪƻΪ棬Ϊôܲͬ档
Ȼǣȷ˵
Ŷһ㵹˵˵仰ģ
Եľͻ״Ȼһ֪¿ѧޣ׾ϣΡҲǳڵ¾
ͷҵȻѧ
յΪȻ˵ޣôɼӶ޵⣬ǴǣޱҲʲôʵȻҪӵдǻۣȻö飬Բԣ
ûзε˵仰Ǵǣô仰ġνأ
տˣǳҰ
ȴ֮ģΪҪһġ
ͷ˵ǣգôⲻԡ
ָһЩСȻҲ෴ġ
ô֮󣬵ȰѺո˵ˣһʵѧ˼еĴ뷨ۡ
뷨

յñ˵ѧеķʽһXһȥԿǲǶԵģһһȲ
ҡҡͷ
ôͿյһӶȲ
̵ͷ
Ǵ뷨յǿԽ޵ü˼ȥȻǲǶԵġ֮⣬޻ޱʵ˼°նʵӰţòأ
ѵ𣿡
硢Ҳźգİգ˵
òãҲһ£
յǾͼ°նʵôշӵ˭أ
ȻǾ
ҡҡͷҲҲӦǹԱԱǾܼ˵ÿһգһЩɽ߻ʵԶأ͸ˡֻֽ̻֪ܵϼҲһݳٵڣԱǲҲǴʵأ
ҲԹô鳼Ҳ̸ϴʵҡҡͷԱӦ㲻ϴʵġ
ˣյΪʲô߹֮ңǺһ仰ЩһӦ˵մ𣿰յȻûдǳ͢Ƿӵģ߹֮ǶԵ𣿡
ҡҡͷ
ɴ˿ɼ
Ǵġʶ
ʵΡﶼһۣõȷĵ˻ʵ۲ŽֿĳЩ˴Ȩ
ٽǴȥǲǶԵġ
ֵҪʲôޡҸ˵һ¡
һ˵ˡ
յҼɽɽϸһۣɽ¸һ۵ĵÿһЩԼĵӽЩӵʮһרɳӡһӾʵʵĽʮɳ񣬵һӾûôͽɽº棬Ц۵ĵޱ㵹ں棬ʦҲ֪ôľɵӲôɡ
ոһգ긴һ꣬ʮ֮ǵʦȥˣǼ̳˵ۣΪһ֮ǸܵʮӵܣĵԽԽһҵȴȸܱ߻̣ǵӸոյϵͻˡ
뾪ΪΣ
ЦΪЩжģǸΪĵӽУºϺҲܵȾֲʳܱ߰ն뿪ˣһλޱĵӣʦĽ̵ÿ춼ʮɳ棬ܱ߻ɽˮ㣬˶۵Ȼͺá
ͷԭˣ
Ҳ΢Цĵͷ
յǴޡΪʲôϻô෱Ĺأ̫ˣһҲɣôŶѽͺñ˵ţרŵǵĳźͳǵĳţǳûɶ˳ǣΪʲôǣƺԶ·ȥרŵĳǣⲻɵô
⵱ȻɵҪӦǣ߽ȥˣʵҲûʲôϵģҲûж˳ǡǣôˣ͵ƻ˹أô˶ôͻɴҶͽͼ㣬ö֮ͻᵼ³ӵ²ôҶѣͷܺԼ޵ޣʵǿͨҵľԼҵʡ塢ǡšЩ֮ˣΪΪƣΪ꣬ɵͷʵǺˡ
ʵҪʲô
ǽ̻ô
Ǹν̻أ
顣
ΪλʺὨѧԺ˰ɣЦҳЩԱ˵ʲôϣ⣬ǵģ⻰Ҿ;úܿЦ
ΪΣ
յûж飬ֻ֪أ֪ʲôţһԲϵȻͶ֣ûԵȻ췴㻹Ǳⲻ췽ҹ̷ôԱ֪µ񣬿ûӺζǴȱģȻǶ飬ͽǵҰⲻܹǡ
ھԣİֻͼһʱ֮ͺñǵ۵һͼʮɣȴԼһ˵߹֮ңʵʲôϵֻĸѣΪǲϧ𺦹棬ҪǰնܹǷǣôãƾʲôҵΪһ˵ȥ췴ҲԣʮãȻʧȥ֪Ϊʲôһս
ǻ˵ֻˣū̫ʥ϶ͻʣҲսһЩİվͻ룬ҵĵֵĺúõģҸȥ̣ܵõʲôڱסϷôϵ֪Ƥ֮棬ëɸĵǾͻףǶȥһսĻҾͻǾͶūˣÿ춼ˮ֮Уķݣʳͱˡ
ΪҶսΪ˺սΪ˺ƽսǱҪֹκεǵĹңҰĵˣֻսֹսĻǶꡣͬսһǲ֮սһ֮սİջᶮЩ𣿡
ⳤƪǿڸ趼ûУؼһ㷴ӦûУϾҲĪ̫׼æѧǳֻǳ˵ļ⣬ɲˡ
һЦһޣ˵úã˵Ǻãĵ˼룬ҲǴǳ
ҲǸпʮ꣬ȴȲϺһۣ
æ̫ʷǫˣ֮ô룬ΪҶֻΪСʱûСʱҲɹٻ£
Сʱô£ܷ˵
ղ£͵֮£ġ
뾪ȵô
յͷ˳ÿ𴲵һ¾ڣԭ£Լ£ϣֲܹСʱ򷸵Ĺ
ԼĶӣҲضð
ιһЦʺ˵ò
ڨڨ¡ʺ˵ǣһĵϵĶϰ
ҲǸЦͻȻȻڹңΪθʲѧУýиܹأ
һ㶣ԵͷĽ飬յˣʻῼǵġ
ֵʣ뽫ʴ躢ǮƾĸĽᣬ֪ɷ񣿡
κǺǵѾģȻ
Ц⺢ӡ


1175 ɷ֮
һޣϵ߸ӵ˼룬Ȼ˭Ҳ֪﾿ôģҲ֪զ룬ʥ֮ԣԽ͸˼ʥˣһ仰˵ײ㶼еֻǴĲһ˼
ʦյڿνô
ϾС֮Ĵ𣬹ؼյһЩ¼֪ջ᲻Ȥ£պòˣɲ׷ߡ
ҲѧϰҽڵĿΣ֪ʶǳ㹻һʱˣǵͷ
ܵոǰڴգô
սջǱѺģû׼ѽһתҪ˵ģĪڳ˾պ԰
԰
۷⣬־̫ˡ
յͷ԰ڻδţȵŵʱҴ¹ȥ档
뼤Сȭգ͵͵Ρ
ЦֻҪҵˣʾԴȥ
뿪ĵлʣ
ͻȻ£֪ΪΪҪô𣿡
ǹɵ˵ȻԿҵΪذ
ҵֻΣҡҡͷҪ壬һǿǷǳҪģ岻ãҲܶģ˵һҪǣһҪ壬ΪĽغȫſɲУҪʱضҽˣ㴫һԴĽٸ̫ӡ
ԴĽ٣
Ŀ˸ţôЩң
Уȥ档
ʵôԴ٣ֻǹ㲥ٶѡ
սԼİͯһԵźѾߣԺվȻʼ١
С𣬼棬ֵּĶȤģѧţֳ˵ĴЦǲֺ
Ρվһ߿ţһš
ѧһ֮󣬺һ׵ķ壬ɲˣСǣǼֱΡﶼˡ
ҲǴľнѳˡ
ɣļǰδйģΪӦ̫ڿΣ
ҺæģпŶΡﶼ̵̫ʷˡǣҲҵЩпȡļֵұϾѧʲҲܱ֤ÿ仰ǶԵģǱ¡ʺ̫ʷԼලţһ治ԣ̫ΪĽӦϽһЩȵ̫ӳ֮жϵ̫ӽһЩԼļ⣬ǾͻС
ͷ˵Ҳ޵
ͻȻգ̫ӷŵĽΣ
һ㶣漴˵ÿ˽ѧԺ
εͷһֱ˼ǰ˵һԽ˵úеѧԺɫǱϾ˵ľҪȫռĻ͢
ʵȽͬյֿΪҪһԭ򣬾ĿǰʩߵĲǻʵۣΪƳ⸴ӣ˼ͳһʴ˷ţ˱ͺܱţ˼ߡȡ˼ЩΪ¢ĻʵĹ廹ʲôΪȨϡطϵĹǾʵۣͼΪɵطݣΪ𣬾һʶֻ֣ġңʵ۲òʶֵˣҲֻЩˣպͻʵ۶벻壬ǹȨȻʹδ¢ϣֻд˽Ҵ˽ܲ˵Ǵɣ֪ǲҲûֹñȺոͼ󣬹嵱ȻϲҲûа취
յ£˽ѧ֮磬϶ûдģҪǮƣΪĿǰԣ͢ûĹ涨վͲܶ飬ؼѰǮԼĺӶ飬ѧԺѵģ͢Ҫ˽˵ȫѣҲýѡҪǮġ񻧲òôǮǱģⲻõ̫ã΢ؽ߾ȫøӳӯʱ㹻Ǯ˽ѧԺ
Цã޵ĺϢ

ӻʹ֮ɫǾûл񰲾ˣǻȥˣһʼҾ̴֪ͨһȥ񰲾֣ʱεͣʵҲûʲô̸ģ帮Ѿ˵ˡ
Ҳ̫ƫ̻帮ˣĳͷûС
̷֮߷߲ƽ
տЦ֪ɣʵǮǸͷô㽫ܵõʲôҪǮҲǸȡ衣
µ¶Ǯǻɷ
ճĬƬ̣ջʺʹһ仰˵㷸ˣһ㣿
һ㶣ĺλشģ
յҵȻϧһд۱㲻ܵκ˺
²չһЦȴô˵Ϊ֪ҰؼӲ֮¡
ЦĪ㵱Ź帮һأ
̵ΪвҵģҲųֽѵġ
ȣȫ֧ôҵʱҲô˵ˣջһתǾµĻ帮ʱֻǰʾִбµĵȷȷŹ˳͢٣оĻǲᰡΪʲôºͻʺû׷ҵأ
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̾һʵһģЩ˲ɷƣֻڱ£ǵڱ£ɷΪʲô˶ƴΪԽ棬ܵƾԽ١
źյҲô
ճһ˶ܵƣĻҲԸ̫ܵƣϾôĳɫô˼ǺޣұҪñԼ
һЦǺò֪ߣ
շŰ۵ˣڿɾӰ

գ
񰲾֣
ֱʾΪŴũģȻׯڣԸ⳥˸ЩũǸ
˵֮󣬼ͷûκαʾҲˣֵżֵܶ˼ҪԵǸĻ;ݡ
վȥİɣ
նһһʹʱʮҵĺӣǼˣһĨš
ǺãҽкգǻʼʹӦ˵Ұɣշǳº͵Ц
С˼ʼʹ
ֵܶ
Цŵͷ
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յ֪֪һЦŸ˵Ϊ֪ҲǱεģΪǣ岻󡣡
Сʹ˵ʲô
ν
յֻ鷳ǵˣʿɶֹҪôߣⳡϷܹģǵӣ䣬ߣֱȡҪǰҸ帮ǻˣͲҪôˣҪһ˶ȥϷľǳڴ¬֣ΤѦ֮Բ׷ȥΪĿǰ᲻ҵȤʸˣЩıưɣ
԰գȥˣţͲǵԼ˵⻰ˡ⣬Ŷµֵ鷳ˡ
µ⵹ǲ鷳ֻҲͬǵ֮ԷӣҲֻΪӣ˶ѡ
£漴ЦȣҺܸܹӣҶԴ˱ʾͣȻҵͶڶ㲻ʲôҲΪʲôԵģΪѾŬߣһ֮ɼǲܼɣĶûУȥĵطҲȡóɹġ
³Ƭ̣ͻȻл

΢΢ף˽ȥһ˳
㶨
˫񰲾ֵĵͣ£һͽʽȻδ棬ֽ𽻸Щũ򣬲ǵǸ
Ҫ˵ⲻɣҲ˵ȥϾǸ㹻⳥һ־ףҲ⳥ֻ帮ǰΪټɿ𣬵ƫʵıʡ


1176 ǫǫ
ææµµգɽ뵱ϣĲһô治֪⼸æʲô
̴ϣһĿЦǳһҲʶ񰲾־һǷ֮أ鷳
Цɲô˵Ƕԣȷûʲôı䣬Ƕ帮ԣȴǽȻͬġ帮һʼʹӦǵĽ飬Ǿ͵Ƿ񰲾֣帮ģ帮ֻǷ˱µԽܵģңҲչȨϾջûЩũǸȫƵϡ
˼ġΤ۷׷׵ͷ޳ɺյֿ
ıʾȨĽ𣬿˭ȭͷ󣬽֤һ㣬񰲾޷ԤҪ󳼵ġ
ν񰲾֣ҲΪ˰һ£ȻĻͽ񰲾ֺʷ̨ϲˣôţһ汣֤Ҫ󳼵ȨһҲ񰲾ֵ֧֣ٻ㹻Ǯ
ǻʼҾƺԽܡԵǵǻΪӦøͷʼҾʿȽϵ䡣
յͷȻԷʱȥ˵˵


ǵȣֵֻΪūΪˣֵܶԸΪţǺ»۵ӣ˲ûмȥӳͷ
ڶһɽɽվˣǸոմ񰲾ַųֵܣ⻹硢ơ
Ƶ֣ҲûдѾֵȥˣȻѾڱǻǲҪȥˡ
Цһ㵱ղ׷ôֻ׷ȥ¾Ͳ꣬Ǳ²ġ˵ţֳֵЦҲǣֵܹգѾǳˡǺǣշ𡣡

ʱ֣ͷԼһʳáԣʳõЩƣʼҾǿˣҲǲ̲Ĵһк
ôأ
һĿɨȥһףأ
ûǿûף
ЦЦ֪ǿɷ񻹼ǵõǸոսѵӪʱ򣿡
˶ɻźա
ǲô˰ɣЦҾһǣǵʱѽξ޼ҩߡ
ξ޼æ죬Ǵˣµҩҷŵߡ
ŵԶԶԣŪˣǶǵ÷ǳ
ξ޼£ϵˡ
Ϥĸо
յ˲ǰףҲֵ֧ģңǵʱָӣ޲ѧתѧᣬ˵ϴµˣ֮൱⣡
츻죬ⶼѾȥˣ
Ц˵ǣҵʱһǣ̯ˣڵʱȫǲɽ̻ġûôΪ֪ǲһսɵģҪʱ䣬ǿԳɹģΪҵʱᶨԼѵӪŻȡ˳ɹ񰲾ֲǺβ룬û񰲾֣ûǵļ֣ǮôԼ˸ЩũǸ𣿡
ԣǵĿ˼
յҿԺܿ϶˵ᡣⶼ񰲾ִģһֻֽûдﵽǵеĿģٶĵ·ϣǲûƫ룬ǻڼᶨԼ룬ֻҪһḶ́ҪΪ˱ġ񰲾־ͺոսѵӪǣģһźܶ⡣ΪʲôǵܹԼʱ䣬ȴܸ񰲾һЩʱأ֪֪ʱ˿̵леϲãͺǰֱܹһ
ɺƵ죬ǵʱҲû˵ôɣ
ЦеĻҪֻʱ񰲾û㹻ʽΪ׼һ澵ӡ
ξ޼žⲻģٺЦ죬㷽˵ͣǲġ
ЦȻģȵǲķҪֵףΪǰǰһɣϣҴӵһ¥һЩԲԶߡ
á
ʳٷˡ
ΤһЦСɣ֪ΪʲôѵӪȡسɹˡ
յΪô˵ҾͻȥѵӪǣǲܵģѵӪעǵġ


һڵĴձ棬һƪǧ𡷵¡
һںĹ£˼ǣȻãһɨ㣬ԼģҲῴúܱ
һǳǫĳ޷Ǿ˸߰գ񰲾ֵȷкܶ಻ĵط񰲾ǰյģκ˵ģӦϧǡ⻰˵ʧȥ񰲾֣ա̴ǶûʲôʧǻǼ٣ʧֻǰա
Ҫ۵򣬾Щ壬ǺյĶ֣Ϊ֪ʲôܹ˵յĿȥ񰲾ֱռһɨ㣬ǳǫƣǲҪǣҵģҼҵġ
ܶտ֮󣬶Ρ
񰲾ٲã׻Ϊũȡ㹻⳥͸ɨһܹɨ⣬ֻǿܻ©һЩʺҪûɨ㣬ֻסϡ
Ҫϧ
ôһ񰲾ڰյУٷʵĸı䣬һսΪ񰲾Ҽһɨ㣬ǰյģӦҪ֧񰲾֣ϧ񰲾֡
Щ۵ĹӵܣĴҥĨ񰲾֣ȴձӣղܵǵΪҲ˹ӵܵΪʲôӵʹ񰲾֣񰲾˺ǵ棬˰յ棬ҲڹӵܰЩӵԽĨ񰲾֣ձøӵ񰲾֡
ЩӸǼܵ𺦣ЩϽǽлؼңǱ졣
û뵽ⲻûкգ񰲾ֵˮǴߣҲıˣΪѾˣǼôҾ͸帮֣ȰǸ˵ո帮֣һҶ


¡
Уͦпյģ塣ƽٳ̶ĴЦ
һЦû
ƽҲ˵ר
кȻ͵͵Ƴ۴ƽ٣ӷŻȥЩãǰ飬ˣǵȵ֮ȴһеһжһ壬ʲôˣΪһֱԸ١
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еǺʲôûʵʵ֮£Դ帮ʼʷ̨Ӧ֣ȴ
Ϊ֪ı䲻ʲôȻı䲻ˣΪ˷ѹˡ
㲻ȥŵĸıĻԽԽ⡣
ƽҲӷ£ŴЦ֪ΪΪ֮ΪΪ֮ˮ㣬ͽЩʱҪͿҪ̫Լֻʵ䷴ԹͳΪ̫ԼӶɥʧЩ̰ͬۡ
ʹڱø⣬ǻ£ƣʢ˥֮ҲԴ˶ۣʵڳźõһߣΪֻгִʶ󣬲ܼԸҪǣЩıʣҪͬĴԣҪѧϰ
г˼ΣЦˡ


Ԫұ
Ǻǣ⡶լط͡跨ǰһѽԻǵϽƻؽ°빦
Ԫڿƶ󷨰ֵ֮춼ϲ£ˣıǾܹϷ̻ôأԼĸۿڣϽƻĹؼڡ
ȥϵԪܵҵΪʹ²ǹؼڣΪݺݶǽͨҪأܹõʹµľ֧֣ǱԿסϵĽͨӶϣӰ콭ϡ
Ԫ˵ͷԴǷǳĵģȻȥ϶һİա
յ໥ģⲻʲô⡣ҲԴ⣬ʵ󷨰δõ֧֣͢ûи˵һһð塣ðգڻþ޴ͬʱҲҪľȡóɹⲻҪʹµ֧֣ͬģҲҪ֧Ƕˡ
Ԫĵǽ˵ǲκʧġ
ҲǣؼÿЦЦʵϽƻеΣ
ԪĵĿǰԻǷǳ˳޻µֶʼģֲˣҸԪܴϢĶǳáݵԪҲڽУһ޻µֳɹˣԪоܹʽš
ԪܵԪʢϢѾһЩūūܹϲ۸ǳ󣬴ǲܵġԪʢѾȥЩ죬˵ϵĲʵǳ仨Ǯʯͷӣ罫ЩǮ齨ӣֱȥЩ죬ŴľһԸʳӵ㹻
˵ͻȻ˸̰Ŀ⣬ԪʢΪԪȫԽЩΪУһʾ޴ĲƸ
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ʼǿ϶еģǲƸҪˡңֻǸǴȥΪȽڰ߳Ұ˵ʥ˲ˡ
ԪǺһЦָźյ˵÷ǳԣĵԵЩ֮ˣǴƵͳ֮£ܱҰĲͳҪáǵõ棬ūǱ˼ҵõֶΪˡֻϧСȥ񰲾֣ĻһѡϾѧ
˵ա
յԸ£޳ԪʢĿֱܹЩ죬ȻòˣȻҪ齨װǻǵĽһΪá
Ԫ˵ͷ
Ԫĵյûоã󲮵ҰĺԽԽˡ
ЦҲãӵ󲮵ͷӦǵĻ£Ͳѿ󲮶ڲƸĿҲ˸е̬𣿡
أ
ʲô
Ԫĵźյҷ棬Щʱ㿴һˣЩʱȴһ޶Ļ쵰
˵ķθ֮ԣҸжĿҪˣж˵
ԪĵƮһǰۡ
ʵ㣬ǲǰģ
Ԫĵһ㶣漴˵أ
յǰķȴܹʥʳٻ쵰ҲȷһЩɡ
ԪĵЦûмôԼˣǽԼɨ㣬Ǹȡ
Щ˵Ϊһǫǫӡ
ͣ˵ˣҿɲǫǫӱ˵ۡԪĵɫҲʱȥСУҿѾҪܲˡ


1177 ŵȱʧ
ͬ־˵ʱ䣬ͷţÿë׶ѪͰĶ
仰ûаëÿ۶ȷȥˣѪʵ˭ܷ
ǹؼڣ·⣬Ҳѡ
ͬҲѡ˭һ˾ˣ˭ֲһ¸СͼȤζˡ
ǣΰʤƣԶɼõġ

ˮ壡
һƬ羰ĴׯϣȻʧʡ
һɪɪӰڻ谵ڣһߴڴڵĳŷһߵᡣ
Ϊʲô
ôҲ벻ͨΪʲô
һֱھıԼæµкɣʵȴԤ෴ķߡ
ЩСջǵвʵĲпᡣ
ôϣ
⼸ѾΪÿ˯ǰϰԵĵ档
֨ѽһ
ͻȻ
ͨ
С˵ȥˣӲ־ſڣֻһ޳Ӱվǰ
Ҫ£ġ
ڵⱻҹ紵ҡ˼£

Ԫұ
տŸոսԼʰɾݣȻ̸˧ٳƵ㣬ڱȽľһ֣úոеЩ̫ϰˣ˺һЦɣ֪㲻ϲվš
վţȻΪҪӣźա
Цɻǵң
һҡҡͷ
յڼǰ㻹ƺ¿ز԰ʱһҪһˮȣȴľܾˡ
ü˺ðΣͻȻ˫ָۣźգ֧֧Ρ
Цأ
ݵͷҡҼǵ㡣˵һ⣬㡪˵ô
պǺǵΪ㻨Ǯ㹻һھˡ
ɻǡΪҪң
յģʵԺԺҲû֮ܶҾһ٣һ١
Ϊ飡
ݻ׵ģʴϾ
յԭȥ㣬мҶȥˣڵȻʱ򣬼ˣֱԺ֮Ҳǵȥƺ֮󣬷Ѿ֮Ƿ˵Ԫˣ˹Ҫȥ١
ôľȥūҲԸźյĻ
⵱ٻҪô
պǺǵŵȷЩ˼飬ʵˣڻǵϵˮԺרŰշЩȽũߣԺǳеҪ˲ţϣƸȥԺʦ
ʦ
Ժźա
յǻȥơһЩȽũߣȻһһŶӣǰ㡣֪ԸԸ⣿
ݸоԼ·Σ͵͵ԼĴȣǺ˿棬۵졣
Ц㲻Σ˵ͳһӡҵĹӡ
ƺΨһѧľ֣ӹһ־ϲ⡪ô
յͷȻģʲôֵƭġ
ҲǣԼһ˼Ǵ٣ƭô
ʵ˼Σ
Ը⣡Ը⣡ֻҪܹ뿪ʲôҶԸ⣡æ˵
յȻ˵ĻҾ͸ԪǱ˵˵Ǿ뿪
úúã
ݼ˶
ԵƬ̣
ȥڣֻһٸԪĵ˭
㶨
һЦ
ԪĵƵԪæµһȴһˣܲ˵׬
ЦǷ޵ĹϵȴǴ׬׬
ԪĵɬİһۣɫϣԪҾһвҪȥΪԪҲҪŬȥѰһȫԪҵݣҿɲ뻵Ԫҵ
յһԸһκڰ¡
Ԫĵİһۣݵݸ
лˣ
صݣݸݣ
ùϸ˿ȷԼ֮ˣűûҽɫ¶һ߻ħɫ
ֱһ̣Ƕôܿɹ
ţձ뿪ԪұȥԺ
ʱݻЩΪģһİĻҲֻһ֮Եȫ˽⺫գֻΪûʲôȴˮӿֲˣɼǷǳĲ԰ס
ķ䣬ٸһͬǡŶϣ˽Ĺٷǵôһ㣬ɲƺ¡
մһڡ
ݿôƯӣ·ӵصãס죬һĵͷ
ú˯һҾȻȥˣ
㡪ߣ
ţ
յͷȻ뿪ˣ
ݿʧںҹк󣬲ŹţɾԷۿʪˣͻȻһͷůı棬˫ֲϵôľ塣
ȴ֪ʧĺֻص˴ߣЦҡҡͷһĵ뿪ˡ
գ
ԺУԺľƷԺʿҲվԺɹ̫
ݣվЩ
ճŶӺ棬ֵ
硢ԼһɾƷԺʿǳݣɬףɪɪӰ
ڳլУһֱǾ֮ܣǲ죬һ¿ôİˣﵱȻ£֣֮£˫磬ͷӺ߳
˼ҴŹۣ¹ɶɫģǶǰͦأȴֻƵãں
ô˸٣ջʲôˣǵͬţݣ˵ţ־ͽǽܸݣƫͷСǲǸôк
λǰãݣ
ݶںС˵
ƫͷһݸϽ㵽һȥƵźա
յͷʾٸǽ͡
ݣɮġ
ЦǰȷǺС
ͷԭˣ
ֳǼƷԺʿҽΪԺʦҪǡ
ЩƷԺʿ˵ǹũ˫ѧʿȵũ
ȻСʲôͣǲݣϴ˵ʲôʲôֳ̹
һ仰úУƫͷһһϲô˰ңҾͿԲøɻˡ
ϲ֮ʱͻȻǰʱ¶ڴǰʱľʴӣЦݣǺúģҸλԺЩҪ̸˵ţ硢һ֣λ룡
룡
ڡ
ĺɣǣ
Цһţ
ţ
翴ЩƷԺʿһﲻεҪͺƵȥЩ֡
պǺǵͽŵȱʧ


1178 Ĵ
ţⱾһּߵۡ
ôŵȱʧָĵȻˣԽĳһǳͻˣһ޷ڸסȱ㣬һϣүǷǳƽġ
硢ǲ̫ףҲһµˣǶѧʣԺ㰲ʲôˣ£ǲܡշǳϲ˹Ϊǲǲ£㽻£Ƕɵķǳɫֲľ
˺ò״סգȻֽһ
ѧͼ
һľһ磬ΪϵͳԵĶһǺͻN⣬֪ȽϺݵˣ̸ѧʣ˺޲ýհؼȥһ˯
ò˶˵ĿվʹȥڸЩʲôϣЩƷԺʿҺգʲôŶӣʲôʦһȥˣݾ˵仰ô
ֻЦһ㣬Ϊ֪ŶǷǳѹġ
ݵһգʱɫýġ
ЦѾʶ㷽ദǶô⣬ڵһ㡣
ӵô
ȻᡣһЦģҽġҽ֮ǰ⡣Ҫ㣬Ҫ㣬ദ
ݷ·ЩٶۣðΣŵҲܽô
Ȼ
յ˴򽻵ʵܼ򵥣㲻֪δ򽻵ǾԼóķʽΪԼóģô㴦ܹǳӦ֣ñ˵ʲô㶮ʲôʲô
ҡʲôᣡ
ݴͷС˵
һȽԱյˣлԱһ棬ΪʲôԱգܴһԭ򣬾ΪȱŵȥԱˡ
յƺ²ϵˮģ
ݵͷ
յóѽҪʲô㶯֣һԿţȻģǳɫ
ô
Ȼ
յȥԿ㽫ǰЩũߣһ飬Ҹұֻ֤Ҫˣ㶮ǽˡ
ֹ˰Σݲŵǰ𣿡
ǹĲ˳ʺЦѾҵ˼ˡ
һɻźգֻ붯ֶѡ
յ˰æʱܲɣʱҪ
ݵ˵ͷĿǰû˵һллʶ
ղһʱҪתģǴݸ硢һһ緹ûһ仰Ǻע⵽ϸ
磬վ͵ȥԺѧˣûа취Ҫͷѧѧ
źյĸۣټڿεķʽǳر𣬵´ӵһÿξǹڿΣֱҲˣԽԽ˸ΣһЩʿҲͼһʱʣÿ춼һأϾˣһֱȵ硣ΪԽԽˣֻվſˡ
úܶѧʿʿ򶼸е磬ǰֻһЩֶΣ˲ȥڿΣóʵǾǻǷǳֲģҴĻ¢ϣɲˣֲѧǳղԼô˼ѧǶ࣬Ǻ˼
ѧ⣬˶Ժû뺫վҲֻڼżˡ
ȵյʱ򣬾͸̨һСأҲһľ壬Ŀռ䡣
ĵطȫˣסվܼ־֢ˣǲ̫ʺϡ
սҲˣʵ໥ӰģҪһȺ˯ˣǺܲˣԽ񣬺Ҳ˵Խ𾢡
ǺʼղǣƳѧ˼룬˼룬һĲֵӸ˼룬찡̾ͱøС
ѧ˼ǡף
ø˼롣
׾Թ϶һܿ͹ȥˣȴδ񫣬ϣܹһգհգôСѽֲкա
յҲ룬ǣûôֱܣǮǻҪôࡣ
ϣ۰
Ť˼βûԪұȥСѾͷ󡪡
˵Ȼüͷٺٵʵһõġ

Ҥ
ȪƮż˿˵ȪϵŮҲͬȪһ㣬ǣü͸Թ֮ɫ
ϣԽʧԽ󰡣
ճ̾һ·ϣǶôܹĽû뵽㲻ûн˲࣬ңǷǮǣĸǷǮϣԼծ
浭㲻ǷǮƭҡ
ĪһĸԣǱϾǸǧ治ɫ˻
һЦ·ֻصǸ绪һʺ󣬡ڿ˵Ҫұ𣬲Ƿң֮໥ã㶯²Ӱɼûн·ϣҲ˵ʵڷҡ
գŮʲôʱôأһЦջҷ˵һ
ɻĿһۡ
յʶˣԴҸеǳοΪֻʶڣܼԸ
Ƭ̣Ҳ⻰Ǻ⣿
˹ȥ棬һСС覴ãʶôòһˣҪĲңҪĻǾͷǳ
һɣġ
㵱Ȼǿġ
յΪʲô»ȥҵ£ѵҪȥһܹ𣿡
һҵ£ֻһʹ̫ˣ˼ۣΡ߳ŭ˵Щ
Цѵ㻹ף
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찡
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һպ֣;ûͣ޿
һɫïܼ򵥣ȻͻΪʲôôòһˣΪҲ̫ΪʲôҲܼ򵥣Ϊûʲôֵġһ仰˵Ƴǿ춼ҲһʧȥʲôƵãָо
Ҳԭ򣬲ң㣬ȱˡڹҲôԱ·ƢİɡߣΪʲôߣΪʲôңɡܼ򵥣Ϊ²뿴㣬ˣҲֻڲӪں
Ȼ
ȫУ
ƢͺյĽƻҪҲܹ˸߰˰ˣʧܵһؼԭϰֱˣƷǳңʵģֻڱԵҪŬԼģΧתӲԼߣȥˣǼŮ¡Ͳ뿴ˣĹߣáԽ٣ʱԽãֻ˵ʧܵĵ·ϣԽԽԶˣҶأǾչֳˣܹŪڹ֮䡣
泹Ĭˣ
ͻȻڰϵľӣգԽԽ˧ΪʲôСԶܽ˵


1179 ˮо
µ赭ҲԸһЩЩת䣬ôʢˣȫ¶Ƿģʼ˼
ǰ֣úյĻҲ޵ǰҲȥѵûһ
Ȼǡ
˼Σһ̧ͷžӣ˵ԣûЦ򴽣ڿʲô
˧磡
ʶĻӦһ䣬͵бĿһƳ棬ľԼ·𰸸еǳȣϾţˣιιιҵ𰡣

һǸֻǡ
̵ûʲôֻǵģʵǰҲûôţš
ü΢źա
յǰ˵ۣҲΪ㻹ңôϣҳ㹻㣬ҵúúÿԼͽӡ
𾪣ˣ˵޳᲻ȥ
պߵҪӣ᲻ȥ
ᣡ
һᡣ
֪Ϊʲôϣ㳣˰ɡ
յͷΪΡ
ұѡ񡣡
˴ˣ˴ˡ
վʼ½
üʼ޷ôŵĺգǷҲྴɣѶ̸ϣ˵ѾѣкҲа
µ飡飡
ѵǲԣʱƲѣڲš᲻̫αˣ
յۿֻǸϰѣҶߣ㻹ʲôߵġ
ʲôʱẦߣ氵ֹһ䣬Ŀһɬı顣
湻α
ҡҡͷȥ
㡪
͵һתͷһ̵ͦβӳ찡ʱ߲ѣָϽعͷȥ޵ҧгݡ
ֻûһƫͷ͵͵Ƴһۣջλϣ˫ſһһǷı飬ĿҲѽ
һ仰ѡֻվźȥ
ΪҲ֪ȥĻֻ˵˲ˣȻһ߶֮
Ϊ֮Ų΢΢¶һĨ׽Ц⡣
бĿ΢΢һƳȥʱͻȻһ̧Ĩȥ

ȴŵþһٿȻվ𣬿֮Уһֱеȥ
ɣ
û뵽滹ôţϽ˫ȥס鼱֮£Ҳֻܱա
һ죡
ˮĽ
˫۱ˮ齦գգۣƬ̣ǰľŽ
ӳһžӣʤѩƷֵҡʣüԶɽʤܽأ촽΢ţզզ֣ӲΣԲ˫΢΢һʪ˿ϣѩź۽ĲϣĿˮӯ滨꣬ϧ
ʱ˿̵棬ﻹǰʢˣǧ֮⣬ټǱ̬׵ķɫеֻǲʤ֡
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Ȼ䣬һ߰Ļȣ㲻ˣ
һʱ𾪣ȴ˵
Ŀɿڴģ೩ˣЦһ˫ͻȻһơ
ֻ˿ֱϻһ㣬ôòʵûһ̧ͷһֻге˲䣬ȹںϣ֣ճߣ̵βԲ޳ȣϸ⻬СȣϸỬıǡ
̫ˣ
㿴ô
͵ػعͷ·ֻصǸ绪ʢ˵ʺ
ջһʶƫͷȥǸɻһڣͻȻһ̧ͷȥﻹܼٻӰ
⡭
մ㶰ΣȻĨһ̲סǺЦԽЦԽЦͣЦò˼ֹסЦ⡣
صе棬ȴͨ죬ֻһ¯ں濾Լգţȭţﻹ۸ң쵰۸ҡֻ𷽲һĻϵĺȴǸˡ
ԭһжΪ֮ģΪģΪ˳һڶΪǽһĲֵ⻹ˣؼջǽ˰̣˵ȫ治ǿɶңǳںԼòΪԱΪ̫ˣԼòŲɵΣΪֲϹӣվӾ֪ˡ
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˲˷ŵһĻҪ˺麫ٵߣú¶Ŀ
ɹģҲʪ
侲ҲìܣԼӮˣˣȻǿĿ˺ķ飬ȴͶͱǰ붼롣
ʱ
ѾʯϣˮʱʱЦҡҡͷ
ʵҲţһǧôᱻһɵƭˣԼ̫ЦˣԼҲнգ˼ȥ̫ˣΪΪƭˣ˵ʹֶΣµĻƲϵģֱȥ
һһĽŲ߳һϮȹ£бĿӣǸ߰аˬ˵㲻ͦ˵
Ϊյ˵ңͳʦǣͰѺԵߵˮƽңҪҪ
ѾЦ⣬ŭ档
ԽǷŭԽˬǰģռϷ磬ͷһĻ㹻ҫһˡ
͵ˣ
ͻȻҧгݵ˵
һ仰ûһͷײʯϣðɣֱ͵ģߵ䲻𣬾ֻẬѪˣ治Ϊ޳Сˡ
ҺѪˣ
պߵ˵һ˭ģҿɲǵҽ̹һУ㲻͵ʲô
ȴǵһЦѵˣ԰бһڡ
գգۣһѽֻǽŮǲˤһӣǼæȴˮˤҡ
Цһˡ
ðɣҳˡһӢѹ˹֮˼Ҳ˵ţĴָҷ
һ֣ˬ
ũūڷˡ
ӢۣЦһ̵񲻹С˵־Ҳ󣬿ЦЦ
жôҰֱͷҲòϣ㷽һеȷȻˣӦýһлԼɱﵣϰҸԸϢһ
ޣ
ݺһ룬Ϊǵ˼Ҳ֪


1180 һ쵰
ѽѽѽŮ˻ûбʤͷԣ
ռԴˣҲͲˡ
һʱˣòֵˣȻˣ̫۸ˣںն棬ô˵أ
̾һʲô˵ģ벻һӢ¡
һ˵£ʱĪһˡ˻
ջعͷȥΣӵ棬ҡҿܰˡ
˫Ŀһ־Ŀźա
̾˿ԭΪܹκջ󣬵ǡǷһĻ·ѾӡԺУþòȥʪ㷢µ񣬰ӣԲ˫ȣԸеΣͦεء
ţǻôͱˣٿȻվָźգŭգұ죡
һôأ
㡪
ָźգݰ
տǺʵ̲סˣͻȻЦ
ͽӣ
秵ŭһ䣬ɱҲ
ίУͶͱģҲңѿ֮ѵ׼˫۳Աô
׼˵ˣ߼
˾УǶˡ
ỹôŰ
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һۣЦˣˣҳɫȷУҲֿܹˣȻҲԸ¹򡣡
ĪһϲѣԼôΪôһ仰еأͽ𣿡
յȻ
׼ҡĺº죬̫ˡ
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յͷðɣҾͻһַϾѾˣԼ˼ˣҪҳôɵļ
ˣ
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ðɣ䣬ֱպݺݵһ飬ȻˣҲ˲ô࣬Ҳͱװʲôʥˡӣһûʲô
ȻҲ˵ʲôɫһ㣬ûκãⲻȡôյͷ
֪ã
һʵһϢһϢ㣬ĸ
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̲סĿ佱һ䣬ϢѾˣĳӱΪµ̫ӡ
һۿ˲ʪˣȻԤϵģϢ⻹һʹʹðΣŻǺϢˡ
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⵱ȻᣬұϾ̫ӣԼûҰģ֪˼һ᲻̫˷أ
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Ժǰ˵ϢǡҲģʵûаë
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ҡҡͷҴӲΪ¿öֻ˵ǳܿܣȻĻҲֻ˵ϷˣԹĩʵ۲ڵ£οʺ󡣡
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һֵ˵ȷģôҸӲΪںˣںȥðա
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յֻҪǹҵ˽ҷǳش㡣
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Сֹһ䣬ֵ㲻һ̫ξǲδκιϵ̫ξˣȻºƽƣΪ㻹ҪҶԸʵվڱǱǸȵһЩʲôѱ̫ξ
ЩӣҡҡͷǿԿ϶ǣҵҳϣһǳжϣҲһױĵˡ
ߣһڷ˺ա
棬ͻȻЦ׿Щ˵û̫ξʵҲԸˡ
ΪΣ
ⲻȡĽѵ
˻
յӦ빬Ϊ˶Ըôǽأʧ֮󣬾ֵأͬĵΪʲôңȥԸ̫ξôҵ÷һ֣㣬ܹҪһЩ
òãȫԼĴ
벻Ҫááݣ̫ˡյô˵񻹻Ų𣿻žϣⶼҵĹ͡
֮⣬˰
ҲֻܽܣյȻǿԼĴѵȫȫǷ棬㲻ȥ㣬Ҳᱣ㡣һᵻ죬շĿɳ𡣡
չĵõĻͲסˣҵġ
Ŀһɡ
ֵ˵Щȷ£̸̸¡˵ģһ˾סҲ͵סŶ
Ѿϰˡ
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㡪һ쵰ɫ
պǺǵɰ


1181 һ
ʵסҤԣ㲻ʲôΪСͼ빬Уǰûɶ£˵һֱǹһˣּįԣѾϰˣֻǽʹҤ
ǴһԣǶһŮˣȷǷǳġ
ɺ֮˱п֮
Ƶǣֻܸ죬ûѡѡĻƲѡգ̫ˡ
ҲֻҤסһҹȻصԺ
οǣ˵һй֮޲ϣָԼŶӿʼôˣǽɽ׸ģƣʼһݹΪ˰һУ̫ˬˡôڶ֮ĽһõĿʼ
Ǻˮ
뺫ավ⣬һ͵͵ţһ˼
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صͻȻ飬м㡣
ʲô£
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΢΢һ㶣Ϊ㲻Խ̣
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¶Ŀˣڰһ䣬վҪϷûмǴĻڳλǰǴδڻɹǲ֪ƾʲôΪͶ͹أ
ЦΪûڻɹ˱²Ϊɣɻи顣
飿鶼֪û
ڲϹֳε£ϳΪĽǳУҲΨһԱȱʧ㺫˵ģҲпܻ©ôĻ©ģȣԵɴĽ顣
յҪôҲõȵ꣬Ŀƿʵ̫ؼˡΪȻѾԷãţʱ취
Ը뽫ٸȥΪ¡֮󣬹¤ٵȨˣؼʵ̫ҪˣǵΪƿĹؼӦøϽֲ©ִӡ
ˣˣ
ֹ̧֣ǵֳۣʦʵλԴкο
Ǽ˶Ǻǣ˵öе̫Ը뺫ǵС
΢һ޻Ҫؿһվ͵ΪֹǸ˰ɣ
ȸˣ


֣ǳʧ꼰㰡
Ǳ硢ûʹ˵
ЦҲðһֱвٴ󳼲ңΪƾ軭ŵģ࣬ȥһְרĵԺȥ£ҷǾȽʺҡ
ȻҲţΪɫεϲ棬һֱûֵ̫ôҳƵĵط˺ܶ󳼶ڱ̰òǿλģĺҲûʲôȨרѧʵˡ
ػ岻ѡ
ȴǸ֮ЦʵҲΪʲôڸ˵ԭԼúö顣


մǵֱ֮ӻػȥˣȻɼҲʶЩ
帮ѾͲסȾָտżɽ
ٲмЦһ֪ˣ帮ŸոճãѾʼ֪ƿţҪռ˲ˣʹ㽫ŮԪ갲ȥٸҸ
ٸƹܻʹĲɼ帮Ǻܴģ֪ǿ϶̲Ҳ治գǾȥʹ̰ɡΪʵ۵ĲܹӰļΪޣǻʹҪǮܲǮھǱӻǮٵȻӦҲ̫һ㡣
Ȼ⻰ζǳǿʵǹ¤ֺγôˣֻ޼Ŵҷ緶ȥֻǽһӷںʵλϣ󲿷ֻ̫ۣ˾ƷС٣޼ɲǺвεģҪ֤Щ϶֮ȥһ˻ǹ¤ŵˣǰ̣ܹ־ȥһϸμңгԶĿ⡣¡þǳ޼ѡĽӰˣҲ˳µĲȥֻʱ
帮һвŻģʫдöǳãȴ޼ѹ˺ܶ꣬һλߺߣҿнˣôǮȨơˣһҲ£˵Ǽǿģ޲һȫɣ˳ͷǳѿ
ּææʵǱ˵ģ
̾˿ѾֹˣҲû̾帮ǾƲݵģȻˣͿ϶һİա˵ţü͸һ˿ǣĵĲ帮Ҫ֪ٸȥ棬ҪǳֵĻͲֹܹġ
ԣȻðΣŵɣǴ޷ֹҽ¬˳ţΪֱǰҲι飬帮УĻ롣
帮ҪϣܹôһˣǶڹҾ̫Σˡ


1185 
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ǵڣŭݵĽһӵǰİϡ
ʵ˭ǵñأ
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ֻһλٸķȻ͸죬ӣͦأһϮɫȹԿ͹ߣ߹ִżֳĽģ˵ǵ
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μɫ΢˼֣ʺˡ
ﳯŵʤʹ˸ɫ
ŵʤкźŮ˳ȥ
£ʵΪ
̾˿ǵ£ݸԼɡ
һȵΪͻȻǣ
εΪ帮ǡҲ̫СĽˣʲôû˵ҹһǣѵǱ𣬶ɱˡԽ˵Խί֪϶ܱտ帮Ҫ̾ͽǳʸˣǱңҲһѡ
ҲǳϲĻ˭ӦģΪ֪޺ģڻб£ˣȥ
ƣһ£ϵҲ̫ʱˣĿ΢΢帮ʲô£鶼ϴǳˡ
ε帮Ҫǳϵǲ󣬹޹ǣеġ
ﵱȻô¡
΢΢һ㶡
α㽫֮¼򵥵ĸ˵һ顣ֵ帮Ҳ̫̰ˣ޸ոΪƹ
Ƭ̣£ΪҲֲ帮ǡ
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̫ξ¡õĹϵǳҪãֹغŹԱǨ˳Ϊ帮ҲҪƹǺ±˱пԭ
üƬ̣ŵǰЩҲ˵ʱʡݽ˲Ա뺡˵ֵǺ˵Ҳе帮鲻㣬ƾҪɲ˿
⺫տҲεĸ󳼣Ľ飬βɲǵģңҲ֪ٸߵýȻĻǾƷԺʿ׼ġͬʱҲܹ⣬ΪĿǰҪи䷨Ҫ֧֣帮У帮϶úպùģѾĬ˺ոְб䷨
ҲףҲ޳ɺյı䷨Ϊڵ߶ǳ޼ƶģҪƻߣͳ޼ЩѫֻкܹóµȻֻ٣˵໥ãںٵĽӴǿ̵ģΪջᱳȥ޼һȥ˵κգһ𹲻ѹ޼ʲôܸգΪʲôѡ޼ɣ˼檵һ취֪з񣿡
εʲô취
ҼǵڵʱҲУ飬ºβ帮У飬ǹִͬһͿԱȱʧң໥ƺ⣬ô˴˶Էġ
ԲĬ֮󣬲ŵͷҲֻһ취ˡ
Ȼ֪ٵҪʤ帮ģǷǳҪģЩԥ˼帮Ϊͦŵ˳޼ȴ޼ɵ˵Ȼұʵۣôϣ帮ڻǳǰġ˼޷Ǿٸһ㱣ɡ
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δӦ
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Ҳ̫һɣ
ٿ帮ĳֻģҲûа취ҧгݵĽӡ¸ȥ
帮¾ͻʡȥˣΪʡʡƿصģƷµĹԱҪʵۣʡֱ˾׼ˡ
֪Σǳ޼ӶֱӷƷڿҲࡣ
Ǳܵҵգһٿˮذŵһգô㣬ʲô°
յȻ֪£µȥΪһҹ˾ǲ˵Ҳ֪ﴵ߷磬ɼ֧帮ǵģٸ帮ɼǹǵĸܣҲܹܵģЦǺ°
ٲô£
յǣȻ帮У飬㹲ƣϾ飬ӡɶ
ٿ̾ΣֻǱܶѣҲȨʹãܲ𣿡
յ㵱ȻܲʵڲУӡؼװˡ
ô֮ȻҲȻˣУһ浽ȥǿǺá
յ͵ÿʲôأ
ԽԽԺˡ
Ц帮ƣҪǣǿ϶˵ģڣֹܷǣ
ٵȻܹƿʡʡʡʵʡ˵㡣
Ҹ˾ʲô
Цô˵ɣûɾͿһ£Ҿ͸ҲǷٺ»ҲֵȥǾͿ˭ȿҵ£ҲŲٺ»ģְȨѹңҵȻҲְȨȥ
û㣬ңһŶۡ
ʼ֧κģκУλܻҪ帮ҶǴˣҪƤ˭˭ٲͬǵжɵģҪȥ帮ƤҲ֪εȻ帮
յһ֧ѽ帮ôһŪҷҪزأԹ֧ˡ
£ΪΣ
ΪҲẦ°
Ц帮ŵһգôɣɼպ󵳣ԼҸ帮Ĺڣǿе˵ˣճԣһǵⱻôҪôҿ϶ҲҪôҲֻ֧㡣ڻһǲҲǣҪǣǿ϶Ҫ
ٻȻǰֻ뵽ֹ帮ˣȴû뵽ǻ棬ģҵġ
ǲʸ񣬵Ǻչʸ񰡡
ٵͷ̾˿ȥεģ̫ʥϺòײΣ񡪡
Ǿûа취ˡ
ҡҡͷǿ԰ֲһЩ󣬾õطϵֻҪطϲңĻб¡˾򣬴ҲˣǾҪ˲ţʵ˷ŵʵλϣʹطϵķ١ǣ帮ʮˣһˣҪǻ滨Ҳռ
ǳĿǰ϶ЩңΪ帮ֱҪ˷˵ģһΪ϶ô꣬Ϊãܵ޼ɴѹ㷭ˣĿ϶ֻͣܿ֡
ⳤֻģǾģҺմ˽ϣǱ߲Ҿˡ
ǡȴĸ߹Լ

ҴǼСлϵˣ
лչС
ڡ¶˷׷׳帮л
帮æңңҪǵλҲ飬ңⲻǾ֮ͣƾڳеĵλǼСֶҲҪ˵ġ
ڸЦǵⰡ
帮ֵûпٵʱı飬ʹ켫ˡߣǰǰҫ˭
ͻȻٲͶô
һˮŪ帮ƣֻ֮໥ôܸһҪ£ղܻᱣ٣ſˡ
úúգСҲ̫ˣǰеǰǶǰٰãĿ˵ӣʱѾͬˣǲҲҸѵһ£֪ߵغ񡣡
帮̾β룬Ǳºͻʺ󶼷ǳغգκ
ڵҾͻˣһһУȴκβһɡ
ʤڳҪ÷磬Ҫ꣬Ŀʼˡ
һתҵһ취֪ɷ񣿡
ڵ㵹˵
µղǰǮôǾʹ֣˰
ȻζڰֵƤë̸֮ϡ
ôǮںһ˰
帮ȴҵΪУ˵˰ںն㲻ʲôܹר˰ĻǾͿһԸˡ
һǵĽɹˣôμпܽƹܣϲ⵹ǿС
ߣս޲ʤΨûѹסգǺܲˬ񶼵ˣһԼĹΣǺһѵĶ


1186 ˵зֺһǧ
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˯ţתԱһȻһգһѾˣϽۣˣⶼʲôʱˣ
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պǺһЦҲһˡ
ԺһһͣȻƵȥʳǡ
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ѯʵ˸ࡣ
ŴЦһֵ˻Ψͼһ֣ǾӬһ㣬ӵſڱǮ
εһ䣬ɣҲˣǻҪ̸Ǯ˭Ƿ
ŴڨڨһЦһϼݵ
պŴһ㶣ôʵˣ˼æ˳ֻΡ帮˽
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ΪʡڻʳǣʵҲӲ졣
ҿ磬ȻĻͱʵ۴סˣæ£飬У롣
棬յλһϵһʲô
æǻ㽫һЩƶ֮ظΪɣȻаˡ
֪ģͷв˶Դ˸Ȥ
帮Ц·޽վȽʺǱ߽ף˾ľļ۸һЩ˵ԾҲΪ档
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ںȻ£ִ֮󣬲˶̵֣ϵ֣ж·Ͻģ֮Ψкˡ
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ǻʺ󣬶֣жŷǳߵۡ
ڵ˵ǣ֣еΪȷ˾壬ϳǳϲǺӡ˵˶٣£˵ˣϳΪ˽ײ󣬶Ҹ׬ҳһֱû˰úܶն׬࣬ȴý˰ϳ˰һԳӯ⣬ҲƽϢеĲ֮顣
ţ⻰ЩԾˣУ㲻ǿЩ׬˴ǮˣЩѪ޹أǮ
帮ɴԲӣԹ˰Ψҳգκ˰ԽԽ࣬ģԽԽӦӦ˰Ҳܹġ
ȴһЦĪǺ᲻ǵ˰Ǯ
պߵҾȥǮԵһӸý˰Ǯˣҷ᲻˰ô˵ҺнգȫɱµʥֻҪһ仰ҽҵǮ͢Ҳڻ¡
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У㻹ңҵǮǮö࣬ǾһɣҲ¾Ӧ𣿡շƵ˵Ǿ˼ҵļҲ
ڱǺͨ죬ƤӣӲ˵
Ŵֻ߯ҲˣһԲϾ;Ҳ˭档
ǻ˵Ҳɵѽյ֮ʵ̫ˣ԰ѺյǮߣǺĶòߵģܹܿҪǰѼҲˣһˡ
ǣƺҲһŵҲƲбǾ;谡
帮æΧλҪŭ̸˰źҲ˰ģǺɣҲΪ룬˰Ͷһ롣
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Цŵͷ֮ԣҲ룬뵱˰ȻǮһʱҲϵ˲Դ·˰򲻵֮ʱҲա˶ԼĹ˰Ѿˣӹ顣
ڡ帮һ̬ȷǳкơ
ǺҲ˽վҲģ룬޵įˣǵȨУҲƣҾҪǳһǸߺһʥ漴̵Ŷ£΢һ£½顣
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յͷǧȷʵҲףñȳԷһʳ࣬Ͷһ㣬ʳ٣ٳһ㣬ÿ֧ô࣬ЩԱᶮýʡò껹ãⲻصĸɹԱݳ˷ѵĶϰ
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帮ǳƣ޳ܣôܸʵ۱ˣ¶ǻʵ۵ģʵ۵ȻԹı˽öǶ٣ֲϲ˷ѣǹԱͬԱǳ͢ģȻþã֮ԡ
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帮Ҳ̫鷳ˣҪķѶֻ»ɸġ
յһôԱ͢ǿɲ׳԰׺ȵģǻԴӲ΢ͳѧڼ㷽һڼʵĻȻƹ²ʵº٣Ϊ˰ռ򵥣ʳ;ÿһˡҲ̵Ļ֧ĿҲǳ٣ΪƽƵĹϵط϶Լ֣˸صĲԵģܵú١
׼࣡
ζ帮ڼĻᡣ
帮ڵɵۣɹغÿԱɲСѽʣ
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δĻȻõƾоݣٹŷǵĻȻǻĹԱͲҪԤ¡
帮ڵɵۣ⻰˵ĿǷǳأǿɶ࣬ôܲǻ򰡡
հЦ֪˰ɣ
ʵﲻ֪ڸʲôһϲľ֮ģΪֱ⣬ۣôöžİ취ǳͷµһ
˼Һʵʵڻæ帮ûǺգ˰ֻ£ҾҪΪͷǣǻ鷳˲ǰ˰ĻĸǼվںߣûκԥ


1187 һ
εڡ帮ߵˣûиԤշһǵòʧ
ΪǲβãǶʽ࣬ԼĻŶӵģԼ̶İ칫ۡΪʽ඼пʸͬƷûʸ񣬵Ǯ϶ǳ͢Σĸ϶Ҫź˲Ż㣬غˣǸոΣҪ֧ǲǳĴǵô
ĿǰƶȴƽЧӦȻʡѾǵĿ֮ˣ޼ǻǲɱȵģ޼λʱʡϵ¶ˣʲôͿԸʲôȨ㳯Ұ
帮Ȼ˳޼ɣԶԶȲϳ޼ɡ
ֹһ˾ͻĸ뿪˻
һߣŴݵźգɷһǾʾףҰ£帮˵ģҲֻкˡ
˲ңҲˡҪҷһߣϱһɣǸøһɫˣýǻɲǺ۸ġ
Ŵ΢΢һ㶣ЩðĪȫĿ֧
յǵȻģһֱΪ׼֧пະĵز
бģֻûйѣǺ͵͵׼
ƹܻһֱ֧Ϊ֪⳯͢Ķû˻ϧģΪԼҵģ϶жپö٣ԲҲɳšôԿĿ϶ǻõʱǶҪõʱ˭ԸǮڹô̵ʱ򣬹ûǮˣԱϾǮԳȫȥˡʱʵۿ϶ǹֱֻˣʲô͢ãǺյıīֽ˭ѽ
ˣʼղûдԱǮҸ㣬ҪʲôǮȥгΪԱ׼ǮģгҲÿǳš
Ŵǵʵ΢һ帮ھˣŽеĴ󳼶ˡ
ЦɣǮ֣˭ֻǵķݣ˭Ҿ͸Ƿٺ»ǵĸ帮ڻңûֻǳ磬ҾͱţҲչһ硣ô㶮ã
Ҳ̫Ŵҡҡͷ
̾¡֧ȸҿһȥ
һ룿
Ŵ󵱼һҲ̫һɡ
յȻأ쵰ȻˣҲһɫƣǻ֪Ϊʲôô졣⣬һ֧ðǵĹ졣ھĻټһ㸣ʾʾ
ŴԺˣΪΣ
һǮеѽǻΨһ㣬ǧҪȥЩç棬ҪǻˣԿĻǡЩĳú£ǳϻ䣬ǻܸʲô˵ôһ϶֧ǣǾͿˡ
Ŵ΢һЦˣ
տɲ˸ˣĿǰԣǷǳȶģֻǳϾͱȽңΨһܹģǲǮ໥¸ҹܲǣǹǮǲ롣
ǣտƾյվ֯еĹʼͳơҪӽļͿʼʩµ֧Ϊպôǻ֧ļڣǽ꺫һֱϡȻһʼҲСģҲܴķϾѣ帮ôţҲӦһ£ҶǷĹƾʲôܹš
帮λݣ̾ͽϢɢȥϣȺʵʩѹ
˵ʲô׼ȫǵĹĿ֧Ҷùˡ
ٹŴϢǴʧɫ׷׶ԱһҪףʵûмٹԱĸǼٹĿ֧ЩԱһˣ˾ģ֪ǲֹգôվͻǵٺ»
ͬʱҲʽʵۣҪ֧ΪԺĴ׼
ʲô¡Ȼû˵ǳǶ߾Լ˽ѧԺγЩɫ֮⣬ûʲôãҲǱȽڼõǮҲǴ͸ʺĽ鱦ˡңɹҵһЩҲ˺Ӱ죬ӹؼǣĸƽıȴǵĻҪ٣УֱӸˡ
õε׼֮󣬺жҲǷǳѸ٣ΪһʼͱִУֻҪһȥͿ϶ʩвˣֱڻʳʾȷµĲ֧ƶȣּ֧׼õģѾһˣƶһͳƵķʽ˸ʽһ¾ˣⲻҪܾõġ
ǺҲ˵ʲô֧̫ˡǴŹƽӣԹߵԤ㿪֧ǹԤ㣬ʡƷ϶֮ģϾֵ࣬ǿƵģʡõĿ϶ġڲˣñ˵Ҫæ󿼵£ô񲿵֧Ҫˣӱ֧СֻҪȹأ͸֧
ʼԱ͸ģԭûеģΪʱ̸̸һգԱӶŪһʳãľͱ˹Աĸһɸô϶ǸݹԱƷ׶ģƷϵĴ٣ǻʳȻǷǳãֻܼ࣬١ǺҪƣͳһòͣٸʲôֻ֤ԱӪţ͸ѵӪһҪʲôӡȣؼҳȥ
ȻҲѡ񲻳ԡ
⣬ӽĸҲֻССݣʲô֮һҪܹůƶ񣬶أ񣬻ʳҲõһĸơ
滹иͳΪƵĻҪݷˡ
Ϣ֮󣬷̴һ㣬εƸĸʡһôƾʲôʡĿ֧Ƕô࣬ȻҪʵ㣬ʵʡٿ֧ˣ⹫ƽΪʡ޷Ǿдд£ģдд£ִеĲӦҪʡġ
ΣƷµĹԱͲԸˣΪûǵĸˣñʡĶһС̲ʲôģˣ⣬СҲǳ޳ɣΪǰǵõľô࣬ڲͬˣֻҪǹæô͸Ԥ㣬ġ
͸Ӳ˵ˣǾֵ֧ģǵĸΨһûм٣ӵġ
˺ľʡʡϾͻص۳һμ£ĸȫ˸ˣȡǲۣǸƷԱͳһˡ
¬졢ʦǿˣҪžʡȥģȻģǾûо֮ĶС
帮ÿҪѪˣ޷ɿٹ٣ֺ֧յģհĹٵĸȥҲѾʾˡڡ帮ֻȥ״հǰȥʡʡ̫Ϸ⽨ĵȼƶˣ
ʺǮС£ǴѽŸոΣվʡʡĿ֧ⲻ۸ôϳĸ鰡ں޲һᣬһѱӡ
˵ˡЦȥǺյġ
ǡ
ڰ֣ǵĻҲòű⣬ºֲϹӣῴǵ⡣Ҳ룬ǺյܵܲȻũׯڣǻһ׵İô֪֪ˣҶǺúø˵һ
帮һۡ
ֻ뽫һˮƽȻģôǾͲֺܹǲֻԼ棬Ǻյĸ飿Ҳȫǵģܹһռ䣬̹ЩϢȻǻǱбֻѽײȥ˺һⷢӵɡǶ˵棬ʵҲûа˵ǱҪﺫģԴҲΪֻܷȰһ䣬ҪȥǺգ͸մӲһ
⻰˵ÿɹ˰ɣ
Ǿˮˮ˭£ǻʵ۾Ϳ϶һ˭˭
ʵûа취İ취ˡ
ڡ帮͸ˣΪУͿȥѹƺգô£ڻʵ۵ƽġ


1188 پ͵
ڡ帮֪ûϷˣҲֻܾʹ˰ݣԽȥʵֻԽﺫա
ˣֵˣҲˣľͲ˵ˣʡʡܺߣ˼Ҷ˭Ҫ̿ˡ
Ŵû뵽ȻôɵľִˣȫܲκҪһ֧ᱻ˶ſڵģܼ򵥣ֻһܼҶѣǮֲģʡǮҶͬţ̧ͷͷ˼
ɺջͺ˼ĻǾ˺ѽǻңٺ»Ƿ
˻ЩԵģҪԽ£ԽǸԽˣҪʮ˴Ȼ纫ǿӲֱӸʵһȻ̸ƣʲôûʲôͬŽ飬ûн飬ֻǮҾ˳ҧѽҷǳºգֲ̫ˣˣǲɧĴָͺβƣͳ˰
˺ʲô·Ҳ˿ϴǺǿƵġ
¹󣬺յǿǰѽһҲţԶʤǰٶһ˵㻰Ҫë潫
ҲඥȻǮŵģҺƣǴҶ֪ģѾˣ¼Ƶ鼮Ϳп˵ͺñһأȥ׷ЧʣǹƽʵʡʡŪòûмͽıڣʲôȡˣǿ޻ȥûãҲֱӽ֧ȡˣԺûˣԼǮȥĻŵĸɣǱ㻹


񰲾֣
ʹ죬ʹ죬գ͵ľ覴ñرԸ񣡡
̴ӴЦǰ帮񰲾ҫǶȥվǽˣغǳڶ
ʲô覴ñر᲻óյǸ࣬ұ˭㵹˵˵
̴ֺǺǵֱЦԶԶԣҾ
˼Ƶ»ΣҪôɣǷǵֵòɿĴŶ˸ˣôɣЩ󳼲㣬㣬Ūס
յѵȸҳͲӦÿ𣿡
˼ЦӵҳŶ
ΤۺǺǵʵҲףʡãǺ˵㣬Һôޣ˭£⻹ֻǼĿ֧ѣһŭ˺գŷǵٺ»ǵòʧ
̴ͻȻգ񰲾ֿ֧ɣ
գգۣϣҰ¸ˣ񰲾ָոտŲã¼ûϿɹο
̴ǡһ漴̷Ӧ˺ã˺ã˾˰ɡ
ڰ칫໥ΣʱҲˣǾȥҡ塢ξ޼ЩС鳤Ѿʱ
С鳤˵˵ɣ
̴мһʮ˵
⼸հնǺ̫ƽֻϡ
յôأ
ʮֽϢҹٵԽԽˣֻΪҹѾɷʴǾ㱻ˣҲ˵
̴ǴӺε֪ģ
Ц
ξ޼źٺٵǾһЩѡ
̴£ͻȻ׹Щһ֧֧ģ޷Ǿ½ָǾ͵ȥץˣҹǴɷǳ̬ȣʴҲʣѵЩûнǻʼҾ
£ֻǻʼҾޣֵĻʼҾ͸ˣѲǲܱȵģټĳǺչȫ
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ӵЩרŴٷҹ֮ˣ˷ҹЩȻʧģֻҪǼӴԷҹ˵ĳͷͿԶԴ
Ԫһȴֹܹˣһû˸ҷҹˡҷҹʲô£˭ûзҹҲͬô
յ޳ԪģҹǺȫֹģǱҪֹȥֹĻЩ˾ͻԽ䱾ֻ½٣ңԽԽա
̴üɴ໹ǴӾе
ЦôĻ񰲾񲻻ᱻЦȥ
̴զ죿
յ֪ܾ˾е㣿
̴㶵˭ûе㣬
µ˼ǣ¸նʹЩϹ
յͷǿûʼҾҹĹӸ磬ʹЩͽ֣Ȼ˻Ǵ
Τüǲ̫Σһ㡣
ʼʼҾɲһȫְҵҲڱʿΣաֻҪ÷ʩԽΣսͣЩҲֻͼƶѣֲǱȥģΣղߡ
ξ޼Ŵֵ˵ǣǾû¹ѵӪ˼ûôùɴЩСְɡ
ʼҾ춼ʾ޳ɣզģǶ֪ǲ˰
˼ġΤҲüȻʼҾְҪȥ׽ЩǾͿ϶ΣյģҲͷ޳ɡ
յ¾ҺԪ¾һͬŰɡ
ִֵʵһƭǺյȻǵʲá
̴ͷ¾ͽ㡣
Τ۵⣬ҲӦܱسˣϾϢѾȥҪǾþòȥĻعٿҲеġ
̴½ȥŰɡ
Τ۵ǱѵӪϾҪˡ
ӵڵɻʼҾȥܱسǣŰɡ
̴ͷڹеǻû˵
ξ޼ŰԵ֪ѵӪʱˣȥô
ЦһȥģϾǲõʦǿԽǵľ鴫ڸǣһ·
ǣ
ñȸǣǧҪҩ߷ߡ
ξ޼һı齩Ӳϡ
̴ǹЦ
ͻȻʵƾѧԺǱҲĲ࣬Ҳˡ
ģҲͽ񽻸˶£𿴶²֮䣬ͽƾѧԺˣȻдΪǿ϶ִ֧ƾѧԺġ
ǶҲףⶫ̡
յȻ˵ĻɴһˣЩĶ⣬Ŷ߲⣬ҲϸĿǾѡıߡ
µͷҪĴձæˡ
Цû⣬
ξ޼Ŵ°͵ƾѧԺ죬ҲԲμô
պǺǵ԰ֻҪԸѵһͿȥ
ξ޼źٺٵҵ᲻á


1189 ʽͻ
ʵյļƻϵͳԵģֻ˵ҵΪʲôҪ񰲾֣ΪžõķչԽԽ࣬ԽԽӣֵҲԽԽࡣģʽǱģʽҽӴնһЩµˣһ㶼Ǽ䵱ͲҪˣ֫ȫ˶УӦӵỷ
񰲾ֳɹôӻʼҾҲ֮С
ǣУʵһʼںյļƻУΪļƻϵǺܴ󣬶Ҳϲ̣Ҫ˵ģ˶ˣ˭
УǶģΪߣǳϲӢƶȡҲû뵽õκЩ󽫾ļӵһֱںƶѧԺȻô졣
ΪƳʱǷǳģϵĻʵۣ佫ĵλǷǳߵģҪþӰ˼Σһ̫ƽƱػռλô佫ҲԴӽ󣬾ֻһڿˣ˾ˡ
ʵִ˿ƾ٣Ŀ϶δĳôƽͻᱻƣȻҲ٣ε˲Ż̫ˣҲ٣ô佫ȻеЩǣѧԺĳ֣ͿԴԴϵ͢;˲ţͿԱ֤佫ĵλ
˾ѧԺķͨķǳ죬ִеҲ죬˵һ·ͨ裬ȫԴ̵ƣҪʲô͸ʲôػˣǾа˺ܴæڵľѧԺǶһܴУĽģɱȵѵӪҪɶˡ
ǶģǶҲֻѵѧԺĹɲô򵥣̫óЩдǾ͸Ӳ˵ˣôȻȻ䵽˺ͷϣΪʲô˵Ǻ꣬Ϊܶ෽棬ն롣
ڵõεʾ֮󣬴ձʽģʾѵӪڶڿʼͬʱƾѧԺĳҲʼұʾԽڿΣ⻹ؼڴƾѧԺҵѧԱֱھоְһôľǣȥ
ҲƵģҪͨѧԣû˵ʲôҲû˵жˣ¾ϲʵĸоҪ˵͸ˣԼأϾǧһ˵úȷֻӵдƻ˲ܱ
ΪƳһʴУܱߺܶҵĹӵܶƳѧϰǺվһ㣬ެޡͻʵĹӵȫų⣬Ǵƻĺˡެ˻ǿԱģɾԴޣô࣬Լ˶ûа취ȫ㣬Ҳܻˡ
ȴһǳҪϢʿũ̵Ľ׼⣬ǲܲμӿƾٵģˣҲ벻ܣֻӵдƻˣû˵׼׼ڣǾѧԺѵӪһҵǶƷ׵Ĺ١
׼ǳصĴ󳼣ԴвΣҪձһ㣬ǹ̽׼ܽѵӪʹƾѧԺ
ξͽΪû˵׼Ҳû˵׼
յʱ£ƾѧԺͻʼѵӪʲôģ
λشһλ󳼾ȵȻǱάΰģʴ
ЦǲҲ˵أ
Ȼԡ
ǹ̽׼ǲǰأ
Ҳкû֣̫֮ʥϾԲ׼˺ˣΪһΪ٣ʱϣؽܡ
˵ֻ١
հٸҲûǸܣڽǱҺάΰѵձԼļ԰Ҳôⷽ棬Ҳʿũ̵ĻаеǹģȫְǻؼҸأùȥƴɱֻ¹ֲӦˡ
˵ţε£ʵҺ;ĲЩͨİôƾѧԺ趨ƵĻôЩ񲻻룬ɱоȥ¾ֲǣǽĸԸΪ͢𣿡
ڵɴԲӣѧԺҵĶǽ٣ǲͬġ
֮⣬ȥԣپͲСǳָͣΣֻǶ²ˣûԺգھ£ԼһԺգξƫա
ЦУ˸ĳһҪȥýģдô򵥡ʿս¾ܳҲõһĽҳڣܶ󽫾ǳ̼ͥ㲻˼ƴʱ򣬾¸ŵԣʱû˼ʲôˣ˭ӦңôţһǳҪԭһѾڻʼѵӪֳˡ
ʼѵӪĵһѧԱйӵܣҲкӵܣΪʲôҪôţʵҲѵеһŷǳҪĿγ̣άΰ棬԰ΪأʿΪաҪǱ˴ںϣǱҵ֮ȻʿʼҾʿĽ׼ǾʼҾּǽȻ෴ģɱʩڹ¶
ƾѧԺͬҲˣ˵ְǱҵģǱĳһ˵ģԴ󵨵˵һ䣬ҲǱһ˵ģΪû˰գǾǾ𣿹Ҿͻķѣ˾ǾӦʿĸֻһǱ
ƵƵͷ˵÷ǳԣʼҾѾǳõ֤һ㣬ӹУҲ˲ٹڰո̻ʼҾ£¾ôɡ
Ҳܼ򵥣춼ɹ䵱ǹ֮Ĺϵ̸ڣʵۻðŵڸѾģھҲŵڸնսȻõ˽ڳãһֱûͳ˧Ǹ˵֣ÿ˺գεȻϣȥѰǸı䣬һжþ⣬ǵ֮ĸڡ
뷨ﻹΪΰָʾģҲͲٶˡ
ô
帮ʵ飬ȥѧԺ߻ʼѵӪ𣿡
帮м֣ǵĶӻҪԩ·ôŵûзԣǳΪ˾ç򣬶һˣνּЩԥǵôѵȥѵӪ
ԥ˵뿴ǹӵĻǶǵĶкôģߣˣҵܸЩ֮һ𡣡
ʵһԭû˵Ϊ̹ûнֱӸ浽ʵȥˣ޷ԼȥѵӪһ£ҹ̲ܽãñҹ̣ܽǳԼӣ뻹ˡ

ۣǮǶվʲô˼ô
ոոջصͱǰľһֵֻǺѹѹһƬѾǰʱ֣˿ɶȥˣһɫˡ
Ǻǡ
ǶǺǸЦš
ֻëȻǱǺǣ˵£
򴺹С磬㡪ĴձڴƾѧԺѵӪϢ񡪡ûᵽˣǲ©ˡ
⻰ίѽɼ˵ĵλǶôĵ͡
Ƴߣһ治˰һ棬˵ĵλ
յô˵ģҴձĿɾϽô©ˣ»СҸ̰
ʱѻȸ
С˼ǡǵĶҲȥ
˵׼𣿡
һҡͷ
յǻôϻʲôȻ԰
һĻ𾪣Щ˶ˡ


1190 Ҹ
˵г֮˾ĻԻһƾٵڻǮ򣬶һˣٹһֻܸ̲žʵܵӡ
һؿɲͬˣûκƣʿũһƽˡ
ʵƾٲ࣬ҵǹԱˡ
ͻƣ˼ֱǲ˼飬˼ˮ
ʲô⻹ֻǱѣҪȥμӿƾ٣񲻻ἤϵɱտɲϲֳ棬ӻɢˣȻͻط¥ȥˡ
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ոϽ§СˣʵҪȥμӴƾѧԺȫû⣬ֱԺ
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յȻǴƾѧԺһרŵĺھţҪȥĻǾϴ󡣡
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СҰ£漴һҡͷҲŲҪЩۿ˵͵ļһһˡ
ϻسǰСҰëˣСҰǼЩǿԸǰ÷壬Ҳôʹ÷˵ֵĸ飬ͻûСֵָĸá
ܵܵСҰһҪĻҪȥ硣
СҰۺգ磬ҾʲôݣͲҪȥˣҪȥ͵õͳ˧ȻĻȥҲֻǲϡմЩС˵Ĺ⡣
СӣĨĨԴЦǺǵȥʲôȥҵͳ˧ҲȥϻؾͲûˡ
ϻûа취ҪȥҵȻ٣ѾˣŲɵȥðˡ


ձǱ֮գͬʱеģ߶ѡ񣬲ӵܶѽһüѡˣǾ¹Ļ뻹ѡƾѧԺ
ոս񰲾־ɽ˺뻹˺͹ĶӣЩ˶ԣǿǧѷѽһ߾ͻб䣬콫񰲾ּˡ
ܾ˾칫ң
Τۡ˼ĳ֣һͷ
ⲻƽ
ΤһǵһѵӪŶѧԱˣһҪϻضˣֻˣ̫ƽˡ
˼ҲʾΪͬԼĶӶ̲ãȥЩСӣٵ߯Ҳˡ
̴ߵҲ룬ǶôѣѹУҲ˵˼ģ㵱ʱΪװѾΪǴ»ǻﱧԹд
˼ĺΣҲװ没ֻҵҲġ⻰˵
ЦֻǱѣѵӪûôˡ
̴һ⻰ʱëȻСִʲô⣿
տЦֻƷС٣ҪôĻסЩ竣ǻɣһҪЩôˡ˵ʱǲûȥѵӪôȻúǣѵӪﳤĶȥҪôǰʱˡ
˵ֳΤۺ˼ĵǶҸģֱӿڲûˡ
˼ĲÿڣΤȴǶ˵Ļ㣬գæɡ
ҲǲæǱ߲ǻһѧԺôյǷģҰһȺǳõĽ̹ٸǣɡ
˼ĺ֪Ǻˣ
յȻ޼ǰ첻˵ô
Ϊֻ˵˵ġ
ʲô˵˵
ջЦѵӪȥŶݿԺԡôֱǱҵһڶûгνľʹվǿźˣҪȥˣ϶䱾
̴ӵһôļı
Τ۵Ҫִйѽ
յȥѵˣֻһȥǻ⣬Ͼ
̴̵Ͼÿ˶ܹĲпѹȣ
ʲôѹȣվǽ֮֮С
ΤһҲֻܴӦ
˼ͻȻգ˼ǣչ˾ѧԺǱߣ
յͷ˲֪ôŪҵȥ
˼ǵҵҴĵҵȥѧԺѧϰ
𣿡
գգۡ
̴̵գɵѽҺҴĶӶȥġ
𣿡
պȻЩˡ


1191 ˵
һգǱڰ칫ңŶ̫ˣ⻹һЩ屲ţʵǿܷ񰲾ͨͨڡ
̴룬ΪҵĶӵǣĻչǵĶӡ
ææµµһǵǼǵַǺȲȵͷζ
òװ˰ʱ֣Դˣȥʳó伢һ߳ԣһš
̸ۻǹѵӪ£ⱨ˿ɱʱҪ˶࣬һվ˱̫ˡ
λȾһЩҪ
ͷʳãո߾˫֣
̾źա
һģݵһյѵӪѧԱ϶ҪһѵӪģҲ֪ѵӪʲô˶Ե̹ٵģڽ̹ٷֿܻ᲻ϣмѡһЩȥѵӪһѧԱϿΡ
ξ޼ŵµǲŸոձҵʸϿΣ
˶ͷͬΪںˣɲٽ
̵鶼ûж꣬ҲҲϿô
Τ죬ţһÿξ˵ˣܸѽ
պǺǵֿĸΤȥѽҪȥĻֻ㸺𴲡

̴žˡ
Τһ֮ɫ벻ն࣬컹ô
ξ޼һתֵ⡪ȥٺ٣
Ҳȥ
̾֡
ӵܷ׷׾֣ʾҪμӡ
ΤûзӦȥˣһԵξ޼ŵ޼ţɶȥġ
ξ޼һͷһߵѵûᵽһô
Τûס
һߵڶżˣһţΤѵͲñˮĸоô
ΤûвμѵӪǰǿɲʲô񰡣һ£ȫȻڴ챻ˮĸоаѿˣֱվ죬һҪȥ
ȥȥôʲô££
ҡͷһ̾Ⱥħ
һڻʼҾӦ̵ġ

̴ǵЦ
üͷһ壬ʮԸҲƨ࣬ͷԷܾ˾ǵȥɣ͡
̴£ƾʲô롣
յƾҪȥѧԺ
̴գգۣУɵˣƴ
յ֪˽ġ
˼ͻȻչٷ롣
ȥȥȥ̴һ־ͽÿȻ󽫺§һţһ̨Ǳȥ
ЩʼҾֵãﻹаƣ˷ܵҪѾʼЩѧԱĻˣеˡ

ⷹԵһ룬ºԪһ˹Ƕ˽һֱڱƾѧԺ£Ϊ²ҪĲ߻ߣǱҪȥ
һˣ̵¾ԪǳûûԵĻܾ˾͡
µҡû
ЦǸãȥ˰ɣ
һۣȻȥ̨ǱߵˡȻԪһˬİǮˣԪôǮԪܡԪĵЩˣ֪׬ǮûпջǮԪաԪһֻܰŵ㻨ˡ
һΤ۾ʵ£Ǳ߽еΣ
µͷһж˳
˼ĵҴĶҵûȥ
ȥˣ
Ȯأ
Ҳȥˡ
Ǳô
ͦġ
»һ򲻶࣬شļˡԪһ̻ͦ࣬ʣûմǡ
Ƕһ̵
֮󣬳̴Ǿƨɻؼȥˣܾ˾Щ⡣
ա¡Ԫһ뿪֮󣬲ȥİ칫ҡԪһ׶еգ칫߯ҲСˣ
߯ˣ
հһۣССĺã˵Ļ
ʵҾ̸ھѧԺģΪҪֹҡ
յ̴˼Ŀɶ棬÷ǰ
Ԫһ㵵ɶ
ɶ
շһ䣬ʵǱô
üһձǧˣ⻹ֻǱˣǱ߻Ҫǲ̫ˡ
һ壬Ҫʲô˶ѧԺʧȥ˼ֵ
ЦⲻһֿҪ̭һ롣
µȻ˵ĻǺβȽѧǣýЩ֪Ѷˡ
ҡҡͷɲУҪ䶯ϡΪôСèֻ˼ҶΪѧԺˣһǧˣǲ־֮ʿҲΪ֮ĵġ
Ԫһûգ£ôŪøƵá
Ҿһˣ㻹յһۣԪһĹøýѵ˵ֵˣЩ󽫾ǵĶǶȥأ
ˡԵͷ
Ԫһ̲Щ˿ɱȵѵӪѧԱҪԹĶ࣬඼̸󹦳ĺϳ̼ҡؼҶü˱ŶһЩƹŽⰢʷǼ߸˱ˡʵǵĶҪھְټ򵥲ˣҿǶ뻹ǳ˾ȥġ
ճƬ̣㲻ҪͨҸ˵壬ȥЩ󽫾ĸϣǣǵĶ⣬ܹ
´ʧɫΪΣѧԺܹ֮ô콨ãǿɶǳ˲
̾Щĳ˵ˣҲһ죬Щ佫ɶǴģҲѽ
ԪһҲǾ㻹ô㲻ǳǷŭô
տЦڷŭܱԺŭҪǿȴ˵õʱһţѵӦ
´ˣͷðɣ


ա
յķ¥ˣ
СҰסˣһҪңֻҪңмǲܴ˶Է֪ô
磬㶼˵˼ʮˣͼסˡСҰЩˣúڻļ
ڨڨǣⲻЩô˵ˣ˵ˡ
䣬һССӳ
˵ҼСո¥š
һȺç򣡡
Ĩź
ʱͼһȺçڵĳ˽ʲôƃʷҡ֮ػ־ĶӶ趣ʮˣɫƻһգһ˫˫Ŀ׹޲ý̻ˡ
С㻹ѽӿһӵˣػǿˡ
ģӳ˳ѧԺã²ܹ£ƾʲô׼ӱ
Ϊ㣬㣬ӿɲ㣬ҪǻˣʶһӵֶΡ
СҪǲ˵ףӾƲ㡣

Щ佫ߣӣָźһʹоٵϿڡ
佫
ʲô۲һס
ȻͬƷЩ佫ǿɲЩǰҧǲҲ޼ɶ磬̫;Ϊ佫ҪûУộȥˡ
ǶϵСҰȴ˫°ͣ޾ɵĿǣȫûбڵļư
պ飬СҰô׺Һܵǰ
СҰعͷСҷģʦ˵ҧ˵Ĺǲеġ
˵òҰɣܲζѽҸòóأ
䣬ƃѾΧָźͷһŭǷͬСɣ˵ĶӶԱǵĶӾȻܱⲻǴô
Щ佫ã㣬˺һ࣬΢ؼոľͷƵãû
׺ƃСô˵
СҰ綼˵ˣҧ˵ĹǲеġԳһֵλǰ˵꣬˵Ҳ

ûεһƬ
ĳͺɱǾͽǳĵİɣ
ջǳĵģԼ̡֮֮
ػ˵ˣ⾿ô£Ϊʲô˵Ҷӵʲô󣬲ñ
̾ͷλҵܣ֪ΪʲôøλĹӱˡ
ҿ˿ܲô
ƃ秵ҧĽ֣ӻ˽㣬Щñʵ϶ǰƣ㣬ףô£ֱ˵
Щ˽ⰡҵСЩ佫ڨڨֻǲǱλҪҪɱһҽǵĹӶǱɱˣŴλ̧֡˵ţǹһ
ĳǰֻܵåȴûЩĳߣЩĳ̵Ѭգоֹ·αװЩӺСʱͿʼˣװ佫ǰվҪԼǫǫӡ


1192 ֤
ƨ˭пոСɱ뵱Ӹ̫ʥ϶ʱСӶûгˣСܵӼȭ㿪ҶӡȻᣬ㷽˵ʲôҪҶӣ
ƃƥ˰죬ͻȻһ¾ɵˣָźյСӣ˵һ㣬ΪҪҶӣҶɶûбˡ
ͽǷ׷ҲһźգûмôţX࣬һͬƷʽ࣬ͰЩдеĶﶼ˵޼ɲңҲô
һһ
ղϵǿһ㣬ֵ˵ֻһѣҲ֪ƾѧԺǶ£ҡһʼʱʵǾܾģ治£ֻǺûа취Ϊû֪νƾѧԺ²Ҫ֣ûа취
ʷҺΪβԸ⣿
һ̾һǵһѽʼѵӪʼʱЩ˶ҪģЩѧԱԼܲˣܻؼȥɽλҲӦ֪ЩѧԱǵĳֱӰѱ¸ˣǺɱǺ޲ɱ֮죬ҿʱҿǵģȻĻǽҲͼˡ
ôᣬҲܺѽһһأҿ϶ܲˡҹְˣҾνǸλܹ̫ۡƽʢɶǸλĹ͡ھǿָҲָǵĹҪ˴ƾѧԺôҹܽǣҶ˵ܽˣҪˣǻȥ״ô죿ҪôǾȥ»ˣҪôƹһذɣ
»ٲ˺գȻĻλ治ҺգϣԲΪʵûа취βúѧԺʡ
һɺԣ
٩ͻȻ˵Щһ֮ʣǺʱ˵ܽǵĶӣȻѡ㣬ҲԸĽ͵ƾѧԺȻعأⶼûпʼʲôƾ˵Щ
һ׵ģˡ
˵һУûκεĻġ
ʷ֮󣬶ʱף߽˵òŪǡͶӹȥϣҹ̹̣ܽܽϡǸʲôˣǵĶӾ㲻ƾѧԺҲܵġ
ƃøЩĳһЩ˶֪൯ǿɲһסۼҵСǣҲЩĳӣ޼⣬ȦܹεģҪĻҲû͵ѧԺ
պǺЦ
ƃ㳵Цʲô
ղЦš
ػһεϻȮӲ£ѵӪҲķڷȮӿûܸȦεȥϻҲû鷳ɷģƲˡ
ˣЩ˵ĶϻҲμѵӪֻˡ
趵ϻҲȫǣҪô໨УҲ̫ܻ
պǺǵʵǻģһǷǳίڹܽǣҾ̫ˣѹǣǶڽٵҪ󣬱ȻʼҾ϶Ҫϸࡣ
ƃһӣٷϻ㾡ʹЩֶαǣξҪ϶ˣ˵ӻϣһ㣬ģҾԤ
ƥҲʼԼξʲôľδƨɡ
վ;Ǵţơ
֮ƃܽԭŪ˰ڵ£Ϲģǵ£¾ôˡ

һ̧
ƃץ㻹Ҫ
յ󽫾֪ģ˳ڿƾ¶Լ˵ȻλԼĹӶôģӦòǩһԼɣ
ʲôԼ
ʷǽ
յǾӴƾѧԺһаţǵڶվͽǵĶˣҲӣܸԤ

ػ趲˼ڣϾǵĶӶûеƃҲûŪף߳ŭСǿɶƾʲôΪҶӻᱻ
˵һյҿԸʵʵ˵ƾѧԺôױҵģÿ˶бĿܣԸλġȻƾѧԺɣԵ޹ʿˣǾܴиԤҲκ˻ġ
˵ţӻͳһԼݸƃһʽ¼ȡѧԱĸĸǩ֣˶ˡ
ƃ˹Ҳ׷ƫͷһǿ̵˼£˵ȫӴƾѧԺһаţƾѧԺӵȨ¼ȡȨҲпȨڣѧԱѵʱˣƾѧԺֻṩҽƣĸŲ˵һ㣬Ҳ鷳
ػﶼëʵգǴʲô
Ц壬ѵӪѧԱһʼֻǵƷʼҾ죬ǴƾѧԺѧԱɾֱӵ١ƾѧԺҪڶ̶ʱ佫ѵӪһϸĽ٣֪һһɵ¡ȻҲξһ̷ǴƾѧԺֵģǸӲȥ˺ǣǷᱣǡ
Ǿ仰ôñҵģǱģȻ½νңҾͱҪ֤ƾѧԺÿһҵǺϸսʿλʵҲ˵ˣǵĶﲻͨƾѧԺҲܹھоְǷǳ۰ԼıӣҽͻǲҪȥƾѧԺ
ƨǶ࣡
ƃһ䣬˵ô࣬ǩ⹷ƨԼôǩˣƃͲҶҵϲˡ
ӢĻʼҾ죬ȷʵǺϣԼҲһ£Ҫ쵽滨Ƶأ佫ĳ˭˲ϣԼĶгϢ˵ڿΣıҾǳḻʦȴӲͽܡ
ôһ£ЩԥĽûа취ˣܲˣǩǩɣҪʵڱϲҵҲûа취ѵӪҲһˡ
ͽԼ׼ˣ׼˼֣Ȼ˱ԤƵҪһЩ
ЩϽǷ׷ǩԼĴ
ĽԼһ飬Ȼ󽻸СҰǹֵǵĹûͨѧԣһὫЩԼǵġ
ƃƵСûǶ࣬ʲôûͨѧԣ
ЦһڴձѾ˵úˣǴƾѧԺҲ˶գһЩѧԵģǻʺĻ֪ʶܸεȥǴƾѧԺ
ƃ治мȮ˫ȫȻǲԭϳģӿĹӵȻְ
ػƵΪβʱǩԼ
ʱǩһûйأҺôҲһԼǵ찡⻰ɲ˵յʱһкܶҪǩģǩʡõʱ鷳˵ﻰ֮λĹѧûκġ
ǣҵҲû⣡ƃߵ


1193 
ò׽һȺǸߣСĴԼصԺ
գ㻹ҷǮ
ŸջصԺһȣˣŶ¡
ôǮǷ˷ǮĪ̧ͷһһƣ˵ټˣԭţһѽ
żˣ˿ǾдеĴУͳҧå֮⣬г̴˼ګСåųǳ̴
Ƶܾ˾ʲôǮҼ߯Ҳ۸ˡ
Ҫ͵ʱ򡪡
˵ҧȻһѽոץ˹ȥ㵱ʱ˵ʲô
յ˵һƴӵġ
Ҹĸӡ
ǣĶӡ
Ϊνң˵ҺҸĶ⣬̴ܱǺ޵ҧгݣСӱҲ߯Ҳˡ
պ޹ֻǴӦڴƾѧԺƴӣĿǰûеƾѧԺһҲûк㰡
̴գգۣ㳵ⲻǺƣƭ
Ц˻
ҧȻµӣֹʲô
ûʲô̴æӦ
ճûѿҧ˼ګǰ˹һ
СӵӻǲС
ľеһˣеһˣμӸʲôѧԺ˻Ҫ֪Ժ֮һܻʲôû˵
ҧһֻïϷԹСӺţ˭Ҳûз
ôˣСϷǹ޳ܵġհԱϻһЦ˾ռ⣬ⶼǵѡ
һЦҪ˵ףѧԺҲͱˡ
ϺŭˣǾһͷͻ
ؼҲ̫ӣҲֻڳбȽϵ͵£ɲ͵Ҫ͵Ļǽ˭˻Ὣ͵͵˵仰ɾ㻰ģûʲôģһ䡰¼£ˣǬô
Ҫ˵ˣǻ濪ˡ
ҧͳ̴ǰڳֿϷ̬㺫б¸氡
յȻûⱾ£ҪⱾµĻÿ첻帮⣬̫˼ؼ£̾˿˾գһȻ̿ɲϷСҡ֮ΪˣǾƲǻӾˣҲΪ˵Ļڶ¸ոѧԺʱһЩǣѧԺٵģЩٽҪȥ򿪽ֱӰųǧ˵һٱһ࣬ʵѹҪһЩ
ҧͷϷͬ
˵ȥ
յҲ֪ǴƻǷǳעŵڵģӿƾҲԿһŵȡҲϣŵڹȥƾѧԺϣڴƾѧԺУֻкϸ벻ϸûеѡôǲѡ
ҧƵ⻰˵
մӻͳЩԼ˾գ¬ܾ˾ôΨһԭ򡣡
ЩԼַˡ
̴һʱðգɱô
ջҫǽסЩѧԱģֱǩԼˣѧԱڴƾѧԺжﰡ
ûĿһۣ¬˾գܾ˾Ҿֱ˵˰ɡҾǲϣǵȨӰ쵽ƾѧԺǷֺǵӻ߶ûͨˣ߷˴óͷĳͷÿĿûаɽܼ򵥣Ϊǲ㽲ģǱ߾Ϊ£ΪĽʵǽҵѧԱҲпܻ᷸ǴƾѧԺѾΪѾŬˡǽϸĽٰŵսȥǾǧˣҲԲЩѧԱ
̴С˾գıı
̫˽⺫ˣѵӪ֣ЩѧԱı飬°
ҧбĿ˶ӣ³ûһȥ
̴ԹԵĹһ£ȴ
ųҧʵ¬ο
ҧҡͷԵµ㣬ֲӣ˵ɡ
˼ګ
˼ګæ˾ˡ
źֵɣ
һ㶣ô
üȻԼѽϷϣϷдһݱ֤ô
ڨڨ˾ˣֻƾѧԺܹõάȥҪʤƾ١
ҧЦСӴĦģҲһ
Ϊ佫Ȼϣռĳǰָֻţ֮ǴδϹģֱγŵ춨ĳľƣҪǿ϶ǳ࣬ûκϧγǵȻϣƾѧԺܹʤƾ٣ִ֧ƾѧԺһΪؼء
ң⻹治ǰΣһƾҲǸոճã˴ģĸơƾĳƿصģЩĳŵڵģзûôأΪⶫͣ¾ȻܽأΪսҶƴȻͻֻ˵һĸ߶ȣͷǳҪˡĳĻͣ㣬ѹ㣬Թᰡ
¬ˣ
ռæԼݽȥ
űʾǩԼĴ
һ˶ˣ˼ګȻûʲô˵ģҲǩԼĴ
Ц˾գҪһӵĻҾͲ÷ôľȥƃ󽫾ǽˡ
Ϊҽ֮ԴӦ㣬ǩһݱ֤飬Ϊ˵÷ǳã㽫ûĻҿĲ㡣
˾ģֻҪԤƾѧԺΨһĿԣǴƾѧԺѧԱѾˡ
Ϸţ
ͷоͳϣΪʼҾʵǰһһȺ竼֮󣬾ͺ˸Ƶá
ͻȻ˼ګʵҪƾѧԺ
˼ګͷ
ҼǵɺѾ˽١
˶һսУɹͷǳ˳µְ
˼ګڰֵǶֲб£Ҫܹ˾ѧ㱾£һò
⻰˵ҿǺգڰ֣뵱࣬УοɼսպգΪ࣬ʼմδӹ԰ǫʿν費˾岻ѡҵֻ
ȷʵǳʣʿ࣬ƽǿѫӲΪ񣬿ɼ˶͵ܹһģǷëǣҲܵ͵ûдﵽǾ硣
˳˵£ʷһģָ
ҧֺǺǵ˵ȷ
˼ګԣǱнֱвǼûһȵʵġ
ҧȻָеĵ۵СҰʵСҲȥѧԺ
СҰתͷһƣǳҧֵͷġ
ҧΣСҰƲΪСҰһظ̣Ϊҵһ̣㲻˵ʹҾ͵ÿ㡣
չֵҴСҰ¬Ǹ
̴Ȼõգܵ߯Ҳأ

ҧڰֳ֣СҰСӣ㿴Ϸ򣬿ϷλǴï¼Ϊʦ
ߵ̧ҡ
СҰأԵͷǴȴ˵ʦɱǿˡ
ҧһ⻰治ǿѨ磬ΪϻСҰͻϮͻʴʱ׼ֺޣȻѧģǲ֪ʦǺˣ
СҰʦʦ
æʦһλʿˣû͸¶ҲǺСҰ׵ɹˣԸ


1194 ֮
ʵ˵ףһݷݱ֤ΨһֵܹľǺǻΣΪ⽨ĵȼƶʵ̫ɭˣϵǿƶȱģĶӾȨ˺ֻܿԼһˣһضķΧأΧǸܵģҪôǱ˾͵ҵĹأ͸һԸ
ҧ˼ګһ뿪ˡ
ǳ̴ȴһ
գ͸ʵʵ˵ɣҶܲܲμӴƾѧԺ̴ԽԽ飬Ⱦͽ֤ǩˣҪ䱾ҪӻС
տЦܸȦҲεҲûа취
̴Ȼţɵͽ˶𣿡
պεܾ˾ѵӪһЩõӡ󣬵˵ҲΤǲȣɲһ
̴ΣŵҾ͸˵ɣǶӱΤǻҪƤһЩ
գգۣҲνҲǰǰˡ
̴ϲ˻档
̵ƭС
̴ոɿ˵ֱӾͿˣڿɲû
̴̿
ֺǺǵѧϰ⣬ҳȻҲϣڼҲøһЩ档


㶨̴֮󣬺ȥһУУǱרģ񰲾һܲڻʳǣܲ
Уɽ˺ͷܶЩ¼дֶڲ
ؼǺտ˹̵ĿڣʵеȼͥǵĶӿԶ飬Ƿ׷ԼĶ
Ȼ¡ԪһֻǸලŵǼǡ
ɧĵڣԪһҲûţϡ
ԪһЩ֤飬ޱȾȵźյգΰ쵽ģ
赭дֻ˵˾ǶԼĶӷǳģʵҲûʲô
Ԫһһɵźա
յǲԸ̸յջҪһЩ
µǶöࡣҡ˵ţóһݱϵݸգ㿴
һ־˻صģͨͨ
μӿƾٵĿ

һμӿƾ٣˽ʿҲһ̵ܹ٣ǺӵܣǴƾѧԺֻҪҵǽ٣ҾûͨѧԣǻԻȥƾ٣ⲢģѾп˼ѧԺӦֻһʼ
յͷҲãЩʥ飬ڿܿôֻҪܷϸĻǾͷǴƾѧԺҪ󣬶ҼȻôͿ϶Щ
ȴüܻĳĲ
մ㵵ⲻڰɡ
µԭڼʱ򳤰ӦǱ£ķ磬ôһŪʢС
ԪһٺٵЩĳСſˣһ취ȥﵯġ
΢һͻȻһЦҲûйϵ佫ǻΪǱݻġ
Ԫһ㶵˵ļǣؿкϷˡ
ֵ⣬ٽңڽӦô㣿
յǲҪͨѧԵģɸӪĽֱƼȷͨѧԵ֮ǵȸ˵ֻܸЩŵС٣ʿǹ幦ѫӵܵĻ
ԪһߵλӦ
յܼ򵥣˵ǱΪʿŸ˽ǵĶѾˣôȻøЩûĽʿңôƵĻһƼԼˣôܷﵽѧɶһܹﵽѧôΪβμѧԡ
µͷһ˵ġ


ǴƾѧԺǻʼѵӪڷͣûһͷƵãǴжѽ
ǵˣһЩѾģΪ񰲾ֻһһ뺮ţҵְҲһͺܹƽѽ
ǿƾٵĻŵռ˲СıأһЩѰ˼ŲμӿƾҲΪ˵٣ȥμӴƾѧԺˣΪƳһĹңֵòǺҲԵ飬ģҲǳе£ٲֿҲĺ䣬ֻ˵Ҹһѡ·ʵ̫ˡ
һĻĳͲˣؼⱨûһͷǸ˾ܱжˣҿƾôˣһôˣʱٵı϶ҪĹ٣ס
ڳϣѧʿоε£Ŀƾٿҳƾٸĵһش󿼣ҰºɶǷǳעȻݳ֪һЩҲȥƾѧԺЩ˵Ķ⣬ɼĲϣ˱µʥ΢ȥЩһпԵʸ񡣡
ǼȲ׼ǲμӿƾ٣Ҳ׼ǱƾѧԺ
ĳվͣȻ͹õġ
һǻ湻ģһôĻƾѧԺǻʧģ˭ȥƾѧԺ
ǲƃ˳ߣⶼǼʣƾʲô׼ƾѧԺ͢û涨
̷ƃԲӣǼʣֻⲢƽƾô˲ţƾѧԺ񶼻֪Ҫжˣ˵ⱨѾͻǧˣżչմȥֻ˶пܡʵѧԺǱҪжˣҲԤǱѾӦƾѧԺѧԱһҵȥӪ٣ǹغΣǾӲҲΪֲƽ󣬲ŵ¿׷ѡƾѧԺ
ҲԵͷ˵е
иϽȴ̫ƽķӦΪ佫ˣֻ»ɴ߹١
帮òѪ㾿ıߵİ
һ仰ŭ˴е佫
Ĺƨ
ʷ䵱˳ָŶĳĳܹվǿɶ佫Ĺͣû佫ƴ⽭ɽЩĳн㡣̵ʱǳڼɪɪܸʲô̫ƽˣǾжĥɱ¿ˣ佫ˣд
æҾ޴⣡
ǲ֪ʲô˼٩һҲ룬ΪʲôҴܹķΪǴһ֧ս֮ʦôѵΪЩĳЦҲԼңǱ߿ɻһ߾бűȥѸ߾ˡ
໰һѧʿվѵ䡢Ҳ佫ôѵҴƽǾûйôЩçֻ֪ǿʶ
٩ߵǺʱ˵䡢޲ǿѫЩĳƾٵʱǿ˵ɶŪƾѧԺǾ˵ģⲻǼʲô
佫ίǷŭ׷ָЩĳ
ĳĿʥ飬һЩ佫ڳ࣬ӿǣҲ׷
ĳ佫ִʲôӵһȥˣ˫һøվڴ֮Уƿڴ໥ָ
ǣƳʵ̫ˡ
ξپ¡ҧ𡢺ǰҲ䡢޼һ
Ҳֹ֪ϣĿǳǳҲᳳһľǱɤŴΪ佫õǵĳõǱʣȫͲһ·ģҪף̫߳ˡ
ȵǳƣʱβЦλ䣬Ҫŭȵ޽µȥŪϡ
˵һ۾Ϳһֱڿֵĺգɣ
΢ڡһæվ
εĵȥʾĿ⣬ȴ⾿ô£Ϊʲô
յ£ʵֻкһֿˣûд޴ѧʿ˵ôţӰƾ١ʵ⣬ʮ꣬һߵգΪľǿƾ٣ôһŶȥԣתȥƾѧԺΪЩҲ黳ΪսɳǲȥƾѧԺġѧʧܣǻܹμӿƾٵģɹˣٶһѡǴг࣬˲ţҴҪô
Եͷ
ּ˵ңǴƾѧԺȻż֮ͣ󻹻һϵеѧԣǶ˱жѧѧˣܷҵҲһ⣬ѧԣʵҵҪ֮ࡣж˱ҵ²Ǻܶ࣬΢ϣҵѧԱԽԽáǰ޴ѧʿ˵ʲô߹٣ʵǡǡ෴ƾѧԺĳ־Ϊ˱г߹ٵġ
кߵ⵹ϡˣѲһҵǧˣ߹ٷ֣
ЦǴƾѧԺƶȵģȿƾٻҪ꣬űҵһѧԱ涨һſγ̣ܻӵģһҪȫܹͨ˳ҵѶȿ֪ǧ˱ϣζЦѣҴƾǰһΪʲô˵ƾѧԺ߹ͻôҴƵĸ˵ˡ


1195 ƶ
ʵֱպܶ˶̫˽ƾѧԺΪڴ֮ǰ˶ΪֻһѧԺ͸̫ѧһڽĹУʽ򣬿ɺ޺յֶʵ̫̬żչ򣬾ֵ÷зģҲȻ
ڴ֮ǰû뵽ݱ˹̽׼ұҵǽټģ¹ܶйٽ׵ģƾеڣһʼҲǾƷ٣ĳúܲƽѭġ
Ҳûϵǿƽ⣬Ϊ˿ƾ٣ĳ϶ԽԽ࣬٣жˣʵʲôϵ
ƃҲһźա
Ҷ̫˽⡣
ΪǲʵĻǾ˵ΪԼиĲռ䡣
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˵һת΢ȴǳָ֧ƣΪһȿԱ֤ҵֿԼٹҶھ֧ĸһĻô˶ȥһûȥˣҲӹĸ
ʵ˼ǣƾѧԺܹս
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һ㣬ʵƾѧԺѾķǳˣѧԺľǽ٣ǹ٣ǱڴƾѧԺȻҲҪѧϰͬͳսͳսҪģѧģۣѧԱҵ֮뵱ͳ˧һ棬Ǿܵġʴˣǳ֮󣬿϶ǻôڴƾѧԺ޵һſγ̣ҷǳҪԵÿϸڡ
ȷܹǧѧԱҵôһܹʮˣôǧ˾ܹ򽫹پܹʮƱ̫ƽ֮ʱҾͶؼȥһս£̶ԱȻڶԱĹУʵҲܶ鷳Ϊвٻӱۣ˴ƾѧԺҲζԱյſγ̡˵ףƾѧԺΪ˱֤鷳ʱܹʱڣһֻӴҾĲˣֲ˸ƵĲ㡣
ôǴʮ򽫹ٵĻǴƾܹڰ֮ڣԱһ֧ľ֮ʦּʵĻĻҲܹ󵨷ֵȥ㾭ãõĹĲ㡣΢˵ܹҵԽ࣬ڹԽٶٶ࣬еĽ٣Ҳͼ򽫹٣ҴƷԱѵ򽫹ٶҪôЩƽʱΪʿʦһԱǾܹΪ۳嶼ξУξڹƽʱŵֻǼʿʵŵļʮⲻСͶ룬ر𡣡
Ҳ·ģʵǸʵ֧ߣ֧ļƶȵģɲȡӶƶȣΪŴǾ˶ѳģļĻҪļʮġΪҪչãҲҪ˶ȥˣƶȷľ÷չ˽ԾСѿ֧һս£Щ˾ҪӴľУΨһҪ󣬾ЩһҪǳ㣬мǿ쵼ҲҪ߱һУξľ²ܡ
һ취ѽ
ͷ˵ֳϣÿ۾ԶмֵģһһηǳģǺᵽģƾѧԺҵѧԱƽʱʱ򣬳䵱ʦĽһ̣űɽ٣̶ԱգѵʿôһĻڽĽٶǻʵߵˣֹܷԶȨĸҪң˿ǻʵˣܻŽߵģԽԽǿУ֮
ֵڿƾôһֱֿ֧ƾٵģһԾ΢ôƫˡ⿴ƾܹɵˣƺҲ࣬ǣҲܺЩ˵ӵܣһӴȺ塣ǴƾѧԺԲὲʲôģעصǲܣϲҵǱϲҵ˭ĶҲãͨڵġһҸ˾աλ󽫾ѾķǳˣҲͷӦǩ˱֤飬ԤƾѧԺκǴƾѧԺǾԶģʼѵӪһֱӹ쵼
úǴ̶̲סô˼Ī˵ǵĶûвܣȫ񣿡
ٴ󳼷׷ŭĿ
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ڵɵˣһֱ顣
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˻һĳǾͶɵˣƶȶǿɶѽƃҪʲô
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ǩ˱֤佫׷Щĳ
ڡ帮ˣǵȻԸ⣬Ǹոյ࣬ȡƶȣҪ
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ĳʵܲˣҲ༥ǵĶûôǺ˼ﳰЦǡ
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յͷ˵ǣֻѧҪ˳ҵ΢Ѿǳοˡ
ԾȵҲ˵Ҫ˾Ҫ̭һˡ
յͷѾǷǳֹ۵Ĺˡ
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ΪʼѵӪһʼ뿪ѧԱµĶҵˡ
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εͷɫԻ˼֣Цһ֮ģȻףҲù˼һ³д󳼣޿ɲΪ³
յģѧ֮󣬴ƾѧԺ̻ᵭյҰϾҪ꣬һЩĳ˴ƾѧԺ


1196 ֮
鷿еʳʱպƃһ佫ڳʳǵıؾ֮·ϡ
Ǽˣ̳ȥͽոΧ
Σ壬Ϊ֪Щƻçڴʲô⡣
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֮⣬Ǳ𳶵ҲǷʲôҲִֻ֧ƾѧԺֲ֧ҡ
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ͷ
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զʲô£
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˻棿
ҿҵ˸񵣱ȿԶˣҲûҵҪŬˡ
ƃնô˵Ӧòѣּƺ治˵Ҳֻգʱٿɣ̫ˣǶûߺš
ʵҲǲԸ˵ֻĿǰûжÿ趨ԵѶȡ

ò׺һȺçǺ󣬺ȥ˻ĹԱǰͦأϴô˭Ƕ֣ȻĻĩʱ򣬿ܷþͲٺ»Ƿˡ
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ҡҡͷֻǴƾѧԺֵ÷зӴСﵽʳǴڣ˶̸۴¡˵ţȻվ⻧ֶ˲٣ҵȻĻ»ֻǶҲˡ
Ŷһ飬롣
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˳ڣкȻЦɹǴһеȷϡ
ղ֪γԣ
Цһ᲻֪˵ʲô
ҡҡͷ¹治֪
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ǻΪĵĲšΪյĸƣһ֧˼ƣÿȵ֧һҪӴ֧֣ʲôÿ˵޼˵һǳĻڹٳ棬⡣Ǻո֮ͱˡ
Ϊ飬Ȼһ۾ܹףǺǵʤҪǻϷĻɲɻﲻ˵ġ
Цˣֻ˵ÿ˶ÿ˵磬˵ǿŴ󻧣ֱƽ׽ˣȻΪȡ¹ٳũңˣȻΪȣԱ̸ʲôů̸ǮȽֱһЩҲôĻʵҲ֪
˻
ԹһЦԸпԵ֮ˮڳʲô֮Ϊ飬󶼳档Ҫ˵鲻αߣôǾ֮١ҵǺܺ棬ƺںòˣʲôˣ֮⳯ϣһ˻ǲеġ
ʵΪرһ㣬ĲµˣκҪһЩκֻ˵㷸˴ҾһҪ㣬վǣûеңûзû̫ĹϵҸҵģһ㣬ǲҿǵģⷬƣʵ¤ŵһЩԱҲܵ˺ûĸ纫һ㣬ΪеĹϵǴ۸ӵģҡ
պǺǵ֪Ƿ񻹼ǵãҳ֮ʱСԪҷͻһȵˮݵĵز
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΢΢üͷ
յ˵׾ǲãǹʧãշʳӯҲʲô̸ϹʧѵΪһЩ󳼵ĸôҹ˽Σҽݵݸ£²ܻ׷ҵΡ
ҡҡͷ㲢Ǿͽǻɡ
ռüĿŵǣ֪ʵԼ䣬ʵһ⣬ǵν֪֪ˣܰսʤĶûмôȥҵĹʧ˵ҿ˿飬ҲûзҲûбץÿÿҶʵܼ򵥣Ǹڸʲô
֮Ȼüͷ˼ΣȻԭˡ
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Щʱ򣬺ܶ˾úͦ嶯ģʵϸһ룬ֻԼó£Ҷ붼ģǰǴδйģڲóķ棬ԶԱȽϵ͵ʷ̨ʱƲʲôݣҲʲôܡ
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Щ棬ӵսȨ㵯վסš
һ㣬ȷʵĲ٣ʵֺ֧ոƵģʱҲûģ֪ôǷǳصģǳĺջΣ䱾漰ٹٵĺ棬мǶõġ
һŴˣ˾Ͳ̸̸бȥˡ
߸֮󣬺պȻŴʵɣ֪帮æʲô
Ŵһ㶣ʵ㲻֪ô
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ŴȻ

ŴƺĲ֪Ǹսһ
ԭƾٲǾǿô򵥣кܶิӵأϵǷǳҪģÿشǰϦؿԼȥд󳼸Ͷ󳼿£һ֮ģһ㿼ˣЩ󳼾ͻ͢Ƽ㣬ûд󳼵ƼǶڳé®ĿǷǳҪġ
ڴ󳼶ԣƾٲΪ͢ѡ˲ôеȻлᵱ٣Щ˶Լʱ鲼Ұվµүүr鲼ҰrȥˣڳлģΪ˷ǳʦϵ
һ˫ӮϷ
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֮׸е˼ˣжΪڹϣƾѧԺͬҲΪԼԴ帮ڣƽⱻơΪճã̫ᣬͶʹЩ£ҲûƤѽ
ͺñȺȥԺڿΣҪڿΣ϶в˸Ը£ǺյĻЩͺìܡ
Ǻض֪뵽һ㣬⻹


1197 Ĳ
ƾȻǺƵģǲڣԺκ߿ȥ൱õģʵϲȫԤƵһ㡣˵帮ʵҲǷǳġĸ಻鲼Ұƾﹻ٣мгϢ
⣬ĳûǲŻܼ򵥣ΪʵѧлλһЩⲢûκ塣
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˺ϼһԽԽһ⣬̲ʹ¶Ǹ߼ţµģǽмĶĨȥˣæǾȥΡ
ξ˵ҲеǰܵгأӺݸӵ˾Ȩ񶼷ϳǵ˾ȨȷǷ׵ֽ׸
ʵҲûпǹ⣬ͦýġһ飬ɺյĽ顣ڴڲٿԺһԺһԺٸһİɴԳ棬ҪǾʹɻʵ齨̲͸ԺӦĲžС
ԺĽֱӸƴԭļƶȡ
νļ飬Ǵһһ˶ϣרΪ˻ԱרŰ⣬жϡ
ƶȣÿòȫдԼҪдôҾһܷһ˲ͬзǾ͵üۣŵЩƵĵطΪЩԱǲеȨֻһ߶ѣ˵Щ¼ԱҲдԼĽ顣
ΪʲôƳ٣˾лǳܣڵݵ־ľһã˾ˣǰѾľ÷ˣҲܾһ˵Ϊ̱ʵԱֻ˵ʵд̡
һԱǴ䡢䡢ةʷ¼¡
нṹԴΪ٣Ϊͨй٣ةΪй٣ʷΪ䡣ȻһЩԱҲò룬ûȨñ٣پܹ䱳ù죬ھɷġ
ǾģʽٸԺȥ䵱
ҪĵĻɲһվͿŪɵġ־˰쵼˳Ϥһ·񰲾ͷҪ¬ïҲԳҲ棬ҲҪȥ
ڴĹС
⹫ϣһ̵Ͷɵˣһϧôôô̫˷˰˵ǮˡڼˣΪ񰲾ͷˣһһЩʼҾҲѧϰһд۵ĹԱǷ˶ﰡ
εȻ
һʼΪ̿϶ǷǳƵģΪûʦû뵽ȴҲǵ
ԭƳ˾ƶȣǿڡࡱ֮ףδҲͽ꣬ھۣʵ⻹ءһóҴҪǣǳ壬ǹԱǰ϶Ľ̡
ڣ¬Ϊ˲׵ģΪǻʼҾȶ֣һַɱ֮ģֻٶѣ̫̾ˡ
Ǵ¾Ϊ̲¬̫ƫ̻ЩˣµĹԱΪ˲ɱ֮ĵģɷн̡
ƳﷸĶǺܿصģᵽһ㡣
ִ£ûзȨҲǺرǺգǵĹ۵˵̫ˣŵȥõš
Ƽ򵥵Ƴ˾󣬾Ȼڵһûг
˰յӣҲ
˵ΰʱΰɡ
ƳΰûǶȨûжԴֻʤ漰գǻǷǳģڴ¼һŹѺʮˣ̷һˣһ֪ܲ
ڵϣοܱȽУֱǵרŻ⣬ʵƳɷôʵۺʹҴ𣬾оƶһɷ
һϣĽǴо̣άɷȨɷƻǣʶƵָΪ񵱳ģǰԨ̣ΪֺǾ̫ˣ˼Ƿǧ꣬ȥǱҲ
ʣˣꡣ
ҴлȷʼҾȨ׷̵ĹУ˺˻ʼҾ죬ԭķһȣҲΪ˱ʼҾ죬ΪҲʼҾ컹ͦΣգҪɷı
ںɷϤʿ۵ĹУҲѧϰµ֪ʶʲôҾ͵Ҿ۵Ĺ۵㣬ǴӸ˼ġ
ָɷṩ˷ǳϴǶôأԺ֮˭
Ȼλһ
Ϊ¹󣬻ʼѵӪûм٣ˣһЩ־֮ʿȥμѵӪֻٲѡ˳
ⱨҲֹģѾԴ˸еˣ˴ƾѧԺѵӪͬʱʾ֮󣬾ͽֹˣʵѾܶˣҪǿ˹̽׼Щ˻ۺܶѽ
չ󣬱ĴʽرգѧԺǧˣѵӪǱҲǧˡ
֮󣬽ѧԣڱĵգ˿Եص㣬ʼѵӪ;ѧԺԵĵص㶼ǰھӪڲУУΪƾѧԺڽ޽ʱûж⿪ţʼѵӪڻʹΧڣһǲܽȥ̫̫࣬㡣
ң˿ԵݣǴ֪ģɽһĿ̴ö˼ֻºʲôıƣҲûúռ򵥵ֵز£ܲ֡
߶һͬʱѧԡ
̫˼ˣ̫ϺյԸˡ
ڿԵĵգһ͸ϵ˾ѧԺԵУ
ɽ˺ΪǶԼҳŵģôžñ˵ƽֱӹĿ֮£Ҫûпܹܲҿ
ɣɣ
һ˻Ƶĺ
ѰȥУмվһȺϻҧƃ٩ȾдС
ռæ˹ȥֵ˾գ¬λǶ˰
ƃһںյļϣٺٵСǰŪ飬ܲôһֻʲôأ
һίԩѽһֱ˵ǳ֮򵥣ǲţܹôǴ£ҵԳԩѩ
ҧ׷ױ֮˵ô
ʷ͵ҲѽΪʲô˵Ҫǣȥʸô
յⲻ¹֮ȴҲֻ
ֿҲȴ
ⲻǱһôպǺһЦڸλҲ֪ˣǵĹûͨĻǿɲܹҰ
˻һػ˷׷׺źգѵ氵


1201 
֣ܲʲôʲôӱͳͳֱǰ͹ְ
ǺղѶȣȻ˲ţǵֽĻҪһѶȵĻֻйӵܺ͹ٻӵܿͨˣֻܸݵµ
˵䣬Ѿʼˡ
Ƿ׷ĿͶٳ
ʮ˱ڲٳϣһȦףҪڹ涨ʱȦʵһֱû˵ԭ򣬾ʱ棬ǿԵصģͿˣʱ޶ǾҪһٶȣͨܿ϶ǹ˵ġ
ף˴۾Ȧ֮󣬿žдںˡ
ƃǿĿɿڴѽ
ʲô
Ⱥ˽ں˭˭ҵĹӸ硣
նԴ˵ǷǳΪڲѾʼ࣬ЩӸ¥Щ˻ʯɢѾͿˣûжϰߣͻȻҪ
Ȧ֮󣬾ЩſˣЩۿΪ·
һСֻڹ涨ʱһǧס
ܹյ֮󣬻ͷһ֪һһȻʮѾʱϲ񣬺ǵӵһ𣬲Ȳ֪һȲ֪Լԭô㡣
࿼ٶ¿ֱҡͷ
ֻȺЩŻ˶ȥ̫ˣô˼ֺա
ڶ΢һ㣬аܹյ㡣
ûܹյˣֱ̭κ棬ؼ˭ȥ

֪УѾ˵飬ֱ̫ˣ̸ѫĺҵΣҧӣ̲̲͡ס̲Уƃӣƃƃ⣬־ӣλ򡢶λƣͻͨͻ裬ǰʷǼ߸Сå
ôǶһ鰡
ҧٺٵһãҲɱȱȰ
ƃҲд⡣
̸Ц־ڱصãǵЩվģʵһȺΪ쵰ΪǼڳжԹ˭ǡҲһ飬ϣܹ˴˾öͨǾͲʲôƤ£ҪҵûйǾͺΣϻûЩ쵰ҲǷǳʧһܷŹȺ쵰
һ£Ⱥ̳˳ȥ治ڿԣڱ
ƃʷ䡢ҧҲţΪԼĶûǿóҲܽţΪҲ䣬ҪЩϻļô
Ȧһ鶼ͨЩƽʱȽϻˣξ޼šһˣƽʱ໥ɼܣ൱ǰľҵƃ̲СκͶλ档
ƃһյ㣬ҵڶ̲е
ϾʣҪǿһЩ
ƃʼҫˡ
ȫͨˡ
Ȼ󣬲ػҪҲߣͨˣ΢΢ĨĨһ
Ҳ˿ǿʼţˣ뿪ˣߵһ棬ͷǽϵЦԪ
Ԫ΢΢һƳŹǷ˵գ⿼߯Ҳ򵥣ŶȻζ
˭̬ȰպǺǵˣҲвûͨ𣿡
Ԫյⶼͨˣ졣
õ˰ֵôˣΪЩȤ
ԪǱ߽һָȺҲҾ͹򡣡
תĿȥǱ߽ˣɬףȥֻʮ꣬ǳöܸߣԪָ׷׽ƫһȥ֮⣬ɡ
Ⱥӣ
Ԫսһ䣬ָһһһ꣬һͷʱ۴ҲϽܵȥ
Ĩһ亹Ԫǣ
ԪյҵֶҲֶӣģЩܵñ˭죬һģᶪ
ʵǲǾһ棿
Ԫ̾˿ǰ⼸Сͦ˼ģҳȥ壬ǿԽԽû˼ˡ
壿ҿ͵ɣ
ЦЦԭˡ
ԪպȻźյգǲӦҵأ
£ĸǣ㿴æҪģѾ뵽취ˣӦòҪܾˡ
Ԫմϲ˻棿
յͷĸƭ㣬Ҳ´򰡣
ԪպǺǵգʲôϲ㻹Ļ㰡Ǻǡ
Ц
ҵĺϢˣȤ
Ԫһǽȥ̾ü˻ֻԪԶȥ
ҡҡͷǼֶӡЦôһ˼ȻһȺȥ
磡
ܼܵæֺ
ɣ
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һִСּϣּ˳ƲҵЦôǵĶӶûп
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֮ӣ;ҪôѧϰҪôǳԺ֣Ҳȱ
ܵͻȻ磬ﲻкھô
㻹˰պǺǵʱˣеĻһ㡣
ܵܺٺٵҾˣһ׬Ǯ
ǮǵҲҪɥƾѧԺҲһ󻹻ˣʱɡ
һ˶ԵüΪϲôһҲ֮μô
յͷȻһҪˣǸĸʲô˹ϵ󡣡
ЩĸʲôҪֻҪˣԼĶûп
ոһһֱȵǼֶӡϳȻԪŪ˾ǲһͬʱƃļ¼Ȼ󡪡Ȼȥˡ
ʱָ֣ȥѵӪǱߣҲݱĽС
ĿһģֻѵӪ涨ʱҪһЩΪĿǰҪĻʼҾ죬Ҫ̫ߣºܶ˶ˡ
ոſڣͼһߴͷɥ˳һįϽһգϽ뿪ˡ
ɣ
ֹһ䣬ȥһʣȻӢûͨ
ʵӢε޹أӢѵӪҶӢһȥû뵽ǣһػһѧԡӢҲһˣ⼸أǳԺ֣ҵһԣĻ䣬ǽ
һԣߵ̭࣬ĶǸӵܣǹӵ̭ıȽ϶࣬Ҳֳ׼ڲĸǷǳˡ
ԡ
Ծ͸ӼˣֱҲκ˵տ̣ǽһ̵ľǽϣÿһһ֣Ҫվ֮⣬ҳ仰
ѶҲǵԷǳģ٣Ūһ㣬硰ϺãԷûô࣬ǵȻô򵥣ľʵǽȡڡӱ̫ԼһЩһʮְ壬漴ȥһ˻һ飬ǲܵġ
˿Ƽ򵥣ʵģһ㣬жȽӵˣǿ϶ģΪͷû۾ڵǺ鷳ģҪòױҵˣȴʲôˣ˷ѹ˷˰˵ǮһٿҪѲǮġо֣ȵʶ֣ʸңǿԾ·ǲǸȤ
ȫȤ뿼ԣ϶˵ģΪȤȻȥЩ
ղԸķ̫ྫϣΪ˼п֮תĹ٣ҪĹȥμӿƾ١
ͬģѵӪҵľԶԾҪһЩһЩʥ֮ԣûж飬϶Ҳǡ֮Ҳ
ܶΪܲѵģ˾ͻûˣΪֻ˵ֶѣȴû뵽Եһص˱ܲԵĻҪ࣬ʷǼ˾ûͨ

ⲻƽ
ʷУĴԺڣµⲻǿ֣㿼öǺ˵ıͻʹ̫ƽˡ
Ӳοԣֻһͨˣǵ档
ٺ˽׷׵ͷ̫ͻȻʱŵĻᶼûС
ҧߵǻúձ
ʷӦѽҪǽǻʲô
޳ܣ
Ƿ׷ױӰʷ䡣
Ǻ˵Ĺң˵ı˵ĳȣôȥ
Цʷǽ֮µȷܹӣ
ʷȻܹ֡
յȻӲܹң
˭ôС
ҪѽְֻܹʷǽԼġ
ңƾôң
ʷǼ
΢΢һЦǸĸ飬ʷǽҲкЩˣӦѧϰ㲢ûôƃҲͻʹôƃΪʲôܹͨ
ƃ仰
ʷߵˣȫӱô˽̵ġ
ƃΣӶͨ˲ԣѾǴƾѧԺѧԱˣһӣСһ㣬̫ˣõֹҶԶ١
ʷɱǣǰʷǼ廹ͨ˲ԣʱ治֪˭Զ١
հԿЦһҪûµĻҾͳȥˡ
ȵ£
ʷźգЦǺǵգͨһ°ɣСҲˣͻʹ忿˵֪ʶӦһЩŴ
ӷ֣߯ҲǰˣЦǱǸزܻ֪жٴ󳼵Ĺӱ̭ô˵ӻСелᣬһúÿɡȴ룬һӸĿѧ


1202 
ΪԵĿǳ򵥣˾ǹˣûûȥ˼ģľ̸ˣһһͬʱпԣ˽еķǳ죬ûüվȫˡ
ҶҪŰģûԼʱ֪͸һֱüգ
񰲾֣
ããϳ̼ҵСӶͨˣûжϳ̼ҵ
̴˵ţֳźգգۡ
Ƶʲô
̴ɱӦңѵӪʱҪȮӡ
պǺǵ˵ܾ˾ѽֻһ߻˶ѣæģҸѵӪһżȥȥܸǷͻģ
̴գգۣǸûʲôϵ
յͷ
̴۾㻹˼ͣ
ЦҲô˵ֻżȥȥȥ˾Ϳ϶ӵģǶٷûа롣㿴ϳ̼ôģз㲻ǵףһ¡

һԵ˼ĵʵﲻסˣЦ
̴ŭǮô̫ͣ۸ˡ
հһܾ˾ǮֻС£ԶٷմٱˣҾͰ˾ͣпȥֻҪԷĵڣǶͣӲͣҪ룬Ϊڲҵӡ
̴ҲåģߵûֵǮб룬һҲ⡣
λڿᣡ
˵һ䡣
̴ŷӦտôˣһŬԼһ㡣
Τ۵ѵӪǱͨ˵һʮˣйӵܺ͹ٻӵռңӵңʣľһЩ̼ӵܡ
ӵҲֻЩʸ飬ͨռҵĶӼ֣ǲͨڶ۲Եġ
񰲾ǣڻкܶ಻ֵһѧԱΪʲôӳһҵΪЩֵʿ˺ȡ
Τ۵ͷֵǾ֪ҶԼԺ֣ʴ˲ȥѵӪЩ˶ԣʼҾֻܻΡ
Ц޷ЩҪôͱܹҵˣǶǳԸ⵱ʼҾ졣
˼ĵǱһֱѯѵӪ߸
΢һֳŶµѧԺǱأ
µֻٶʮһͨ˲ԣд󲿷ֶǸͳйԱӵܣӵֻܷʮˣӵһˡ
ԤеģȻڲĺǻռ˽Դ϶ǵ˾Ӷࡣ
յɣѵӪ߾͸һʮһѧԺǱҲʮŸһѵӪҪһҪϵ֡ҵø˵ϲ֣ѧ֮󣬺ܹܿǵҪǿӲһ㣬ĸӪŪ٣Ҳˡ
µΪʲôֻѵӪٵģӦҲҪ֡
յΪڹҺȱʼҾ죬͵ñҵһѵӪûжʱȥ֣ǾѵӪǱƵģгʱȥѵǣǱҪΪ¹ͣƶʿ߽٣һһҪ
־Ϳѧһ¾һӡ
ѵӪڰ֮ѧƾѧԺһ֮ΪƾѧԺǵһڣ˻¶Ҫﱸ
Ƕ²ߣ񰲾ֵ

æѧԵ£յҲǸһ䣬Ȼγ̽趨Ƕʲô⣬ΪѾˡ
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ۣ벻Ǳߵ۶ȻȳҪ߳һ
һ߿˱һ߾ȵ
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Ϊ˶ԸУ¥ͷ¥˺¥ﻨ¥Ա
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֪ˣ
ɣľͷֵһӡˢǱߵõඩӡˢŤΪӯˡ
վϲ棿
ɣľʿѧϰ׬ȡǼҵЩֲֹֽãǵֽſרӡˢģԼӡˢĳɱȻǮﶩƻҪ˲٣ǾǰæǻǩһԼǲ׼˽ӡˢǵ鼮
˭ϡǵЩ鼮
ղмһЦɣľҵɲǿ׬ġ
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վϲ𣿡
Եȣø㿴
˻ɣľóһֽݸգһֿݻɫģеֲڡ
ֽȻûжֽŵҪãҲӦӡˢǳɱߣҲǳ򵥣촬ǱľͷľͷǮһ·ǣ㷢ֽŽϹСֽ̫дҲеģǮһ㣬źܶ˶򡣡
˵òǱҪ׼İգĻʱ򣬸λֽŵĹÿ¼ǮнҸʮΪ˵ʵֽŴ𣿡
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һֱߵöǸ߶·ߣɣľȻƹŷ¥ƻ£úյͷ
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ԶԶ
ҡҡͷδܻڷüǮͶȥһ׬ġ
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Ϊ֪ļƻתʱΪκ;ģǹ̽ϵĺô
ֵгѾȶˣԿչһƻˣǵı￪ȥ׼һʽ̷˸ѾɹˣĹ̾ˡ
֪ˣɣľͷдһƣǮûȣֵͶȥˣǮٶǱ׬ǮٶҪ졣
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Цʱڿɣ
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վϲҵô
ɣľ
ۣѡɣľԽԽܸˡտĵ´ֺϢ˵


1203 Դ

վd£ԶȺУǰȴһƬƽ̹ĵشʻҰϪˮΪؼʱﻹһȻȪȪСϪľͷ
ֻվׯ԰ͼѾںԺγɡ
Ļʵ̫ˡ
磬ׯ԰ˣҺСҲסôСҰѵüһأɼҲǳϲ
Ȼԣ
˵ֳ£ֻȼٵģҪһӶסǾ̫ˡ
СҰͷ
ɣľʵôõĵطôҵģ
ɣľ˵Ҳɣľľdʿ峯ʱסڴ˴ȥʮԶСׯ⸽Ϊǲ˸ҽƬ֣ΪƬֳɢǳ·ľҲ׷һֻƬ֣䷢ԴľҲǻղ߳Ƭ֣Щ棬֮Ҳҽˡҵ֪ϢöƴǰѰңΪǰݴڷǳ񣬵Ҳ˴£ҵһƬԴ¶ǰǵļǺš
ԭˣ
յͷƬҲǺշǳĵطҪ뾭Ƭ֣ΪԴһҲΪ
תһʱؼСҰ̫ô뿪
Ҳ˳㿱ܱص
ʱ֣˲ų֡
ϣͷŽԶȥ֣ȻʶһǳҪ⣬üͷһ壬Ϊôܵ˽ȥׯ԰ĸУǵĵһ豱ĹԶԶһý˽ȥɣ˶Ŀ
ݲؽ治һɵĻֻܽԼĵǸɣľ
ɣľһ˼Ƭ̣ҪǳǮ⸽һͿ˶Ŀˡ
ں˽˷滨ǮûʲôǮģӦõġֻǷԺûǮʱҪ輸ǧȥҶֽ輸ᣬǽǮɣľѹܴһϲǷǮˣϾûкôԶĿ⡣
һ⵹ǿԡַأ
ɣľַ棬ӦҲ⣬ֻô͵͵죬ҪӱȽϾһЩ
УҾǲ̫ˣüȻһˣˣ취㽫Ǯ׼þˡ

ص֮󣬺ûиǻȥ˳ȥԪұ

ԪĵĴ۾Ŀźա
ôأ
Щ˼ȻҲЩĸǱϾ࣬޷ôḶ́ڳΪ٣һ֪ҵ޽ׯ԰ֻ»ܶ˵ע⡣ԪҾνǼҵļūഫüˣԪң⣬Ԫȥϱߣܵø㽨蹤ɣǽֱ£һǳļƻȻǮĻԪҳȻⲻܶǮǮұһЩūܸߵıꡣ

Ϊʲô
ҡ
Ԫĵֹϸ嵽µļһ˿ΣԵýޱȣֻǾáǲǿ˵㡣
˵㣿
գգۣⶼˡһۣĿЩĵˣЩ£ܵҪԵѽ˼ɣȽţʲôʱȥסٿòã˵һתϲģǵطҰݣҾ˲ѡġ
Ԫĵһж⺫ѡַʱ򣬻ϲʵپܾͷ԰ɡ
ȴǺѧרңʵȪ֣ȻտЩݣһ뵽ĻԪĵ
Ǿôľˡ
һЦֻ֣ޱȵϸ⻬޹ǣ̲סĦһ£һ˫صĵôô⻬ɵսһ㣬ɱˡ
˵˵
Ԫĵһֳ˳ȴһƬ⡣
վտҲ֣Ƶһʵ
ԪĵһЦȴǶ֮һЦ˹ȥһסὫԴһ˿Ǹĵ̫æˣûжٿ㡪
˵꣬Ԫĵ͵ұæ㲻ĺá
ղļٵģ
Ԫĵͷģ񴦴ҪǮԪǵһһ⣬Ͷ뵽мŵǮҲõòˣңԪܻ˵ҪӴͶ룬׼㹻ĴֻΪ¥ĻٶȥϣҲȥõþϸ㡣
˵ţְ˺һۣⶼ㡣
ڨڨǣ÷ˡ
˭˵
˵ʲô
Ԫĵһֱ󲮶һǳˣԴԪ֮󣬴󲮾͸һƵãֻĻҸ˵ʲôˡ
𣿡
պǺǵǵġ
ţ
ԪĵбĿһɣȴüҡԺȫûɱеֻ޾ջ󣬺鲻ԽǷֵüҴһǡ
ԪĵüĿʱⰻȻ΢΢һЦʵǮƽŵĻȥнǮ
ԪĵҡţԪôȥǮ˶٣ֵҷģǮȻһ㣬ֻҪļµܹ죬ټǵĴ£Ǿ㹻ʳ͵ϵȥʵǱ߱ĵǲȱȱʳ
Ǻ뵱ڣԺȻû˼άֵʱ˼룬еǮ;ԼǮԪĵ˽ǮĵزǾ춼Ҫʱ
һ㣬յǴɣľʶˣҲûǿôӦңҪһҪҡ
ԪĵͷȴֵˣǹһҵĲһֻǹһǮ˼ȥ㡣˵Ǻ˵æžѧԺѵӪ£ô£æĹ𣿡
ЦаɣȥѾҪ¶гʲôʱʲô£ңڻѾһͳƲֻҪ㹻ôҾ࣬ʱ仹еġ
ԪĵԾȵأ
⵹ûУʼûȰŵģΪʱ޿̲㣬ϰ࣬Ҷп̲ס㡣
ˣ
Ԫĵƫһȥ
ҺðΣų÷ţ׼ȥԪ
үү̣
Ժ⣬һеĽкֻԪǼƤ
ɫӵԪĵ
ԪĵϰˣؾĿ⡣
үү
ԪĴ۾ͷźա
յĿҿһ˿թǲҪҡ
үүǴ
ԪһЦźյ֣˵Ͻ԰ǹүүʹ˾սġ
ԭǳ԰ġյͷȥ棿
СֱԴг˿
յǿԣǵôӦһҪ󡣡
ʲôҪ󣿡
׼ٽҹүүСոˡշǳ˵
У
ͽϴԪҵֻǷԸҪ壬ýүү
Ҳҵģ˵ŶˣﶼҪСո磬˭鷳ңȥ
ҪǴүүأԪ
󡪡үү
ջ£ŷӦԪգүүôôΪ㡣
ԪͻȻںնСүүҸ㣬ϻ㲻Ǹ˵ôүүҾͽүү
˵޴ӰտԪ벻ȥ԰棡
Ԫһĵͷ
յ֪˭أ
Сո磡
С
պǺǵԽԽϲˡ
Ϊʾս԰ŵʱ͸¶ǣɽǼˣΧźСոСոĽиûûˡ
òݴǣԪĵ͵ҵҲ޳ɲүү˵©죬ҲҪʲôСոɣ
Цѹܴ󣬽СոپͲøǮˡ
ԪĵһЦЦİһۣϹ˵
չһЦʱȥ
Ԫĵ£ҿܳ鲻
Ǻðɣһգҵ԰ᵥΪ㿪ŵġ


1204 
ԪұһգԪĵ罺֮࣬޽ׯ԰¸ˣϹԪҳֻǳһʦΪͼֽǺƵģͼֻֽµĹס
صվͿʼ׼԰ŵˡ
ʵ԰֮ѾһЩϢ˳ȥϾҵģǲûĺ䶯Ϊû԰ĸĵطҲǻ԰ѡ
ǣԴӺϻȥһ԰ѾԸ콥ķųһЩϢ
صǷСϣβˡ
ƳСǾڽߺԼСԼһЩСϷδʲôרŹСֵġźյƣ԰ܿǵע⣬һЩСѾ԰ˡ
ڣձʽţʾ԰֮ţ滹һЩ԰豸
ܶ豸Ƕû˵ǼĹע뻹Ǵˡ
һغһ磬ֳռǲȡƵģʲô磬һǮһƱ˵سɱӯĽǶٷ֮ǮȻ̼ȴ档
˵ĻƱ͵ȡʮǮ
СҲҪʮǮ⣬԰һЩ豸ҲøǮܹʹá
ͬʱջƳ˼ƱͥײͼƱȻȥһŵˣҲ棬ⶼ·ġ
⼸Ѿ԰Ϊ˵׼ģѰղԸ⻨ǮԼСȥ԰֣ʮǮ򼸶ˣ˲Żô
Ʊصֻһ԰ϡ
ʵտСһƱ㣬ǺϣܹΪ԰һ
ڿ֮ĵڶգ԰ʽƱˡ
ģͼȺӵӿϳš
̫ոʱ԰ǰѾ˳Ķ飬һĿȥֱ˵ļѽ
ֻй𣬵ǹôŶӣȻҲʲôţƱһǧŶУȻҲû˻ִ£ϾƱƵġ
ȻҲһЩŵ۵Ĺ
Ӵ벻Ҳˡ
ҵǲģҼС⼸߶԰Ҫ⿴Ʒˡ
һһҼСҲǿ캰صҵƱŪҵ򲻵Ʊʴ
˵ֳǺ˾պģ֮˳Ǻճá
˭˵Ҫ˵һǷˣ㿴԰ɶ֪վ͸ôƱ٣ôǳ׼ǼҵС϶Ҫ档
˵Ʊҵһ㣬ɱĸһһǮһƱ˭ƱҪ
ɲôãֻЩʿٲøЩ΢֮˹һˡ
ǲôԺյ磬̫ôⲻǰʾ԰Ǹǹ׼ô
Ǻǣ㻹սˣȻҲЩ΢֮Ʋϵ
ǳ룬ǳǲǹ嵱

˾ôȤһĳЩϰ߷˱仯ܻٵʵƱһǮ϶Ѫ޹ģѾϰһǮһغնôߵƱۣ̾˺ܶ顣
Ӷ԰һߵվһüĿ㣬Ƥ׵öܹѪܵӣһ˫׾ƯһֻСڹꡣ


΢΢عͷȥֻС¬ʦ˹ôˣ
ЦϾҪμӿƿ˶ˣǻʲôɲ
ǫһЦҿɱȲϴֻ֣ܲ׾
̧ң
ָָǰվ¬˵պո¬һʲôͥײ͵ļƱҲɣ
ͷĪǼأ
йЦǳʣײͼƱɲѽ
ЦյĵطҲ˿ƱȻԽԽãô򵥣뵱¥һǮƿȴ׬˲Ǯ԰ƱȻ÷ǳ󣬵԰ﺫջ飬ö˵Ŀģʵûʧ١
¬ʦЦĪҲأ
ҡͷֻϲȥ۲˵ĳɹ
ЦˣΪͺյһγɹ
ǵǣҡҡͷвȥ¤ҵôпյʱȥҸմǱ߳׼ȥǱߣ;ʱͻȻһ⡣
¬ʦԺʲô⣿
ֳǱһָǰƬء
ü˻
ֳһ˶ﲻǱһǧ˵һʱܻһƬش÷ǳôؼۡ
еһɱӣʮֹܶ
ʮ
ʮ
¬ʦԾȵ
ǰƽϵͣˮΪһˮܶû˹ؼ۷ǳˡûв´Ļպ˾Ѿ⸽һǮ治һСĿҲǸŷƣǱҲ²ء
¬ʦĿ࣬ԭôðΣŻعЦȥҵúúĥһ¾ѧǱ顣


Ǯ
ϣǺС磬
ǮڵĽУָյһˮǺǵС磬㻹ǳֲѽϽǸֳҲѽⶼûǮҿ˵ͻ˼ٹǮ
ºòã񶼳ɾˣִ֣ӻͳһƱ˹ȥɱ˵ûչǣʮƱ͸һ׼ͥײͼƱ͸Ϲɡ
ϣ
Ǯ󷽵ϲЦ۾ûУС磬ǹ˼ѽ˵ƱۣҶ᲻ʲô

ҡͷһ̾պˣһȥ

ͨܵꡣ
ǿɽƱպˣţСɶʮţʮţר͸ǵˣ
ܵվڵУŸĹ·Ը
ǣСָ磬ŪôƱҿ˵԰Ʊĺܡ
ɶ԰Һ˾տģסڷ¥˿ɶƱŶܵܵҲҷģ˭ֵãҾͼƱǡ

ʱ֡
񰲾֣
Ƕѽ̫ˡϣˣ
˼ҲõĴܾ˾칫ңһˮ
̴ʲôȥأһ춼ˡ
ܸɶƱ¡
˼˵ŴӻͳһƱһһײͼƱˡ
̴Ҿ˵ɣǸͲҪƱա˼Ŀɶ񰲾ֵˡ˼ģ˵Ƕ˵£˵ҪȥƱǸ˵˵š


1205 ԰ϣ
һƱҪ֪ƱɲˣôҲᣬҶƱʱȴû뵽ʵѹûнƱǮܹ׬Ǯ׬Ǯǵ棬أ԰еĵ涼Ը߼˳ȥֻҪһҶǹ壬ôгʵ̫ڴˣղͳƱûȥ԰
⻰ɲ˵ȻĻƸûˣûбƸܹЩǰ
ǶЩԣǲںô࣬Ʊһ֣԰ŵ㵽
Ҳôա
ڴ£԰ӭ˿ŵӡ
칫շ̫ȲԾƽߣǴ̴ƿߣݺύǳҵƶ׺һޱȵͼ԰ԡһƬɫ£ˡ
鷳ǰߵ㣡úúãлл
ﻹгλͣߣ

ֻһɫʽװСкһͣڸָλϡ
Ҫ֪԰ɲڳڣ֮ܵ٣ӵſĿռ䡣⣬Ȼ԰Ϊ׼ģôʵҲʲôɲһͣרͣͽӵģҪùܵ顣԰ܹͣͣһһٶӣҲֻռش󣬽컹Ƿǳʡģ϶һӣƷǳԻ꣬οҲԷǳݵĴӱͨȥԼϡ
ңһƬϣŷǳϸĹ滮˽һͣռ˺ܶأʵΪ˽Ĺ滮ȴ˻ʡء
һͣڳλϣϻһרŹϢĴ
ʱ԰ǰĵĶ飬ŮֿŶӣÿ鶼ǾȻ򣬴ҶĵŶӣһ˳֡
ǵõ¥ݻʱͬҲҪŶӣȴǳ⣬ֻΪսʿһ𣬵²ٹǳĲ϶ǹ壬֮䣬ǷǳģȻҲû˸£Ǵ˾ĵ̣£͵õˡ
ۣƯ
ŸոռƱţһС޾ͿǽϵĲʻ
ǽɫĿɽˮҲһЩǳͨﻭȻʻǳ򵥣ȴǿɰˣСһϲˡ⵱ȻǺƵģʵǿԽ̵øһ㣬ҪҪ͸ƻ˾һ꼷ţֻ̣֤ľͿԣʵ˹õֶΡ
СǶ鲻ԽǰͣⲻǺܳȻı쳣ӵ
⻭ȻôʵǷǳɰһ˫۾
ʲôҿǴδġ
֪ⶨǳԴ֮֡
ѵ黭ģ
̫ĻɶǷǳϵģ⻭ķǴྶͥ
ȥô⻭˭ģһʱ֪С磬ǽϵĻ˭ģ
ŶҼүϵĻʦġ
֪λʦ
кܶ໭ʦˡ
Ҫ㣬ֻǺ
Ŷ⻭Ǻ

һĳĬһЩĸĬĬǣԼĶŮȥ
ȴʮƣΪʲôһửⲻǹרô
˽⺫յ˾͸ˣΪʲôһд˳ªˣȴܻôɰĻѵֻ˵ǹƽ


ոתһöķ
ľ
תľձ˵á
ҪҪľ

һƥƥģɰСľ̷Сǵǿ۵ͯġ
С˫Լĸĸ׼еĳŻľȥ
תľתˣתţʱľѾΪܱߵĻվŲٵĴ˳𾢵ĺ֣ǴȰ֮ɫвٴǣСŶӣľǿҪǮģΪҪȥҲǺܹǮһʱ䡣ЩСȻѾȴһ˳֣£ͥĺӱĲ˵ĺǻûл˵ֻǶԺֽԵǷû˺


Ǳ¶ֳͬҲΪЩתľĺӾͶܵǱȥΰ塢ݣͷǺȴҲۣĵԼոʶСϷ԰ĿֵϢ
ǰأԻųĶ飬ܼƱѾ򵥵Уûа취԰ĿŵһգеĹ嶼ˣ˿ɲһĶడ
ʱ򣬼ͣ
һȺˣŶӵ˶ĿԶԣΪ˲ǱǺպ£Լҵˡ
СùãС÷򣡿Щǽȥɣ
߰˸СµԼĸĸͽոΧס൱ģؽǸĸĻûкյĻʹ
ȴǿգ·ʣӦòҪŶӰɣ
ЦѵûпҪŶô

΢곤ִˮĴ۾԰СøôΪʲôҪŶӣ
ЦСøȷҪŶӣҪСøһŶӺòá
Լø硢ɩ˰ɣȴǽȥ
յˣʵȥŶӣҲò˶õģʱ䣬ʱȴһ档
µЩøɩգæ÷˵ǣӦŶӣҲҪ˶á
¼ռҪŶӣҲ͵ͷӦŮ˾ʹСȥŶӣǸЩȥұŶӡ
¸ֶǺܿͰŶӣΪǹ󸾡ٸŶӣұ˴˶ʶŶӣİ
ոովڶĩˣȻһϤӰվںԶĵطǸµǴһкȻ˹ȥӣվΪҲӣƻҵô
һεֻܲ˸ôվһ𡣡
ŶһнġյǴ˶ȥ֮ٽȥ
ͷֻû뵽ҲŶӡ
յҵǲŶӣҲЩСˣҵΪ
Сĵ˾塣ͷ޵
Цл˵òôңЩûš
ֻϣܹȨһ£Ҳûá
շŰ۵֪ɡ
л
մڲߵһСǰǿŵ˼ˣæŴ򿪡
л
΢΢ףȻ˽ȥ
յȻȥȻĻŮħͷ˵ᱬģ׼ȥŶӵʱ򣬺ǱתǴһЩ˹ȥƫͷһֻһǽϣһԳվǽ£ּһСַ϶ǽͷϾôߣû£һһľͽȫǽЩСģʱʱװʧŵЩС޲ÿݣڳ֮ǰסǵ졣
һ˺ʶģԪԪǡ
Ԫڹ˵Ķ쵰ôܻȥԹԵŶӣ̫߳
ԪȫǽϣԪֻ£ȻԪһҪ֪ǽǲЩСûһµģԥľˡ
쵰Ǻ˲ǳտֱҡͷҲûȥֹؼֹˣŪûñԪոιȥ


1206 ԰У
ۣƯ
һţµЩСֶС죬̱ǽϵĿͨסˣ׷˹ȥվǽߣͷĴ۾ǽϻȴ֪ԼȻеĿͨҪӿɰ
ǿͨΪϻЩͨﻹδȥֿգԻɵ⡪ǳ֣
Цŵͷ
÷벻㻹ử
µý㡢ɩɩǷ׷׾ȵźաһ˺ֻδ֪ǴӺѧġ
ǫһЦ⡪ⶼԴġ
һµøɩǵɵˣửѾǷǳ˲ˣ㻹ŪԴò˻
Цˣ
ձǿûЩ˼ֵⶼΪһ츳㣬û˽ֻ̣ԼϹһֻ
СøܽһֿɰĻô
Ȼԣ
ȻӦ
һԵͻȻ˹źգ㾿Ҷ£
Ц㲻ǻһʱȥ˽ô
⻰˵ãЩý㡢ɩɩǶˡ
Ϲ˵ô
°˺һۣȴһĨ۵Ц⡣
תС죬ЩС̸ߺľ·ϵûľһʱУ׷ҪȥŻľ
ȴǿҪȥȻȷΪһ֪԰ʲô棬ǳʱ϶ĵطЩСӵȥ湻֮ܶҪŶˣǴһҲֳĿСŹ
ûа취СùģСøΨһܹľվһԵͷ֧ͣСùá
ЩСֻ΢΢Ǳȥ
еһ룬ֻֻǰһС㳡һЩ棬Ǵ¡
ʲôʱ˾
΢΢һ㶡
տЦϻﶼûпţ㵱Ȼû⡣
硭硭
˶϶ĺš
ƫͷһЦ˵С֣صסŶ
һֵӰǽ˳ֺ磬㡣
¼æ˹ȥС֣ô
㣬ҵõ갡СҰҲڡֽܵڼ׽ԲصСҰ˳
ЦС֣а￪꣬Ȼûиҡ
治֪£ΪֻƶԼǾ̣ûв룬ȥɵģΪ֮ףĻͻϴֵСǣϣǴ⣬̵Լ̽ĵλ
ܵܺٺٵͷ磬Ըܸ㶨
¾ϲС֣û뵽̯ô󡣡
ܵһ⻹ȫ㵱ʶ֣ȻĻԼдˣҲˣҪûд㵱ϤĽ̵ûСֵĽա
պһС֣ʲôҵƨҲ
˵ʲôһ䱻ͷһֶֻǷ׷һԹ㷽˵øϽȥռλӣ㵹ϣֶ̫ˡ
µø£ǵҴǹȥˡ
û£û£ھʹǹȥ¾԰ǺսģԼҲǰˣȻþ֮꣬ܵܵС֣ȴǹȥٹ
㣬ߡܵܵͷ
յȥɣСġ
ӦһЩļٵС뿪ˡ
ܵЦСӣе۹ѽȻһ԰
ܾܵ磬֪
յҵǻƽλãҪһ㣬¾ͱȥɼġ
ܵܺٺٵ磬ʲô㣬ʵҲÿ㣬ҪȾ͸һὨ԰Ȼ
Ѿˣ
˵Ž˹ߣҲȥ棡ʵҲһȱͯˣҲСֺСҰ԰
ܵæ磬⻹Ҫˡ
һ㶣۲٣ϴҮô˸ʲôġ
ܵܺٺһЦŸոտţĶǹ壬ҵÿһ㡣
մһܵܣͻȻСӳ࣬ȴϲǲΰ룬ΪҲԤʾǲǵˣⲢǻ£ΪʼҪģΪ˸еǳġ
ܼܵͻȻĬкΣС磬æ֮ȥ棬ô
һЦСӡ˶٣ֵֻǺô棬Ȼ԰޶ԣ㲻ǵǮȥ˰ɡ
Ҳûˣܵܵһ䣬ֵʵҺСҰվѾ԰˸飬ǻΰ塣˵ţһִСҰļϣСҰ˵ǲ
СҰͷ
ΰ壿һǽСִֵСҰ˦ƵСҰأΰ壿
βܣܵܰСҰ治Ϳô
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һǻ棬ΰ壬СҰ
СҰǺֱЦܵԼֵúǺЦ
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˵䣬Ȼһ˼Ҵҵԣɣٺòˡ
ʶˣר԰Ĺܼң𣿡
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յͷֳܵܺСҰҵȻǣһȥ档
ţ
˵꣬վ͸Źܼȥ
򳡣ֻվ򳡱ϣһȺçòɿʲôҧƃ٩ˣ佫ʵˣҷǳҹ˯ġ
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Ŷ
յͷֿڣ¬ǡ
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֪㲻ô΢΢һ㶣漴׹ҧ÷ǳ𾢣Ը뿪򳡣ʵ۶ѡӣջ˵ʲô򳡿ģ׷Ҳѽֻܵʲô֪
˼ææϵ԰ĺȥ
ǸյãͼһȻʻ߶Ǵı»
ʱͣ˺ţֻΡ롢ڡ帮һЩѧʿԼǵĶ׷״ﶼǴһǳصĳȹأڸǲסǽĵķ顣
ڡ帮Ĳͣʱʱ̿ĿΪȣһҪŶӣԼĶ̫ӴùϵҧһȺç򣬶֪
μӱ£ʺ󣬵¡
աϽǰһ
λ񣡡
Ц
빧Ҿһֳźִһкȴ˷֮ɫһͯ޼ɣѧԼоֹ
γЦû뵽˾պ԰
ۺգŵñ¼ЦˣϳΪӦҲ֪ΪóľǺơ
⡪ǿ仹ǱᰡϵЦݱЩΡ
ȴȤŶ֪κ˾Ӧġ
ЦһʵֻǼ򵥵ĸϳ԰һΪ׼ģһΪС׼ģϳӦ
һ̲˵⻹˾ܾ
κʺƺѾˡ
£Ϊµľǹ¶ϲľ֮֡
һ㶣Ǻǵԭˡ
ͷʺĲǣϳա
˾չˣ˵һЦĿƲֵĺգЦĴǺհ


1207 ԰£
βʱҪ;ģΪԴϻغ֮ͷǳ⼸첻ʲô⣬԰ƣòĻ˼ġ
д¬ˣթ
ϷˣôթϹ£бó֤㼼˾͹һȥϷˡ
Ųž߹ȻɳӾ͹Ը͵͵ýŽɳɨһ𡣡
ֻ۾ϷýɨɳˣϷҲϷûע⣬ڴ֮ǰŪƽѽ˵㣬ǺòҪһ߸Ϸȥ
УҲŪ
ˣ
ѧġ

һ˸ո򳡱ߣĿȥԼŻˣʮͳ˧Ƿ׷׿ľ鳣۴󳳣ࡣ΢΢ĨһºСʵڸʲô
ҲЩΣ򣬿ǳһЩСִ
򣿡
ŶǺշģרΪƵ˶
Цŵͷʾ⣬Ϸ˺֮⣬Ҳûܹˡ
ͻȻյգҵǲ̫ס
һ㶣ʵкβ׵ģ
ᣬҪҲӦǷģôܹ˷Ϸûеˡ
΢΢һЦ֪¿ˮ
ͷҲһŹĸõˮˡ
ﵱ롣
ҪҪһǷ񿴵ĸϵڴϴܵأͻȻðôһԼĻᣬûеͣͻˣǵӦ֪ˮΪŮƵģһˡ
գգۣЩ
ּ˵Ϊ˳ʲôǿԼϲǿǹ˿ǷϲƲƷͬĵȿǵƷʲôȺ壬ˡСˡŮˣȷ֮ȻȺصȥơͺñ˵Ϊʲô˵רΪƵģΪĽǷǳģҲҪ̫ӲҪײΪƵʱ򣬿ǵϷϰ塣
ͷˣ
ͻȻվɣΪԱڵǰӦԲǣܹ̫֮أ
շƵģΪ˻ɡ
ǿĻػ
ڵסˡ
ͣ
ǳǸ׵һʱδסһΡ
θæΧղ̫֮ʦѹϵ֮䣬ĵҲ޷߰ɣǾȥʶһ򡣡

΢΢ףÿԹĿ⣬룬ɲܹңĬġ
ͻȻյСգʵҾ˵úܺá
СӦлµĿ佱
ϣǱ£
ˡ
΢μ£δ֪µδӭӣˡ
տЩ佫ǳϻ̳Ͽֵı飬пϷȫݼ
޷޷ҲֻǴ̫ӹ档ΰڰ֣⻰Ҳڲģ̫ԼҪǲ˵Ҳҵֵ޿ƺͦͶģôô
ҧһת̵£ȻϷ򲻴СӣҲòϣҪ˵Ժ֣ճƵڶû˸ҳƵһ
ƤЦⲻЦл¬֮ԡ
ллӦõġҧֵİڰֳ֣ε£ϳΪʾһ£ġ
εͷð
ҧƨƨߵܵԼϡ

ƃˣָųҧ
զأ
ҧϷΪʾҪô
㡪
ƃݺݵĶ½ţͷ̫ƻˡ
οҲû
ΪҧǰʹթƃԼʹڳҧϣһƬþƣʴ˳ҧʾֻѸٽսѡ
鼸£ͽƃǱߵ˸ȥˣȻԼս͵ſڣԼ˳ͨţҪż䡣
һ¿ɽƃЩ˽ˣҲûйдˣʼֱ׷˽ǲΪӪػס׵ơ
ΡǾͱһߡ
ѽҵôôԴʵأ
Ρ￴Ҳǳԣ淨ʵȽϼ򵥣Ǽ߾ıԣǷҲͦ˼ġ̫ڵȴ󳼵ĶҲͯĴ𣬶ڱϣ÷ǳ棬ʱʱֽкãǷǳõĹڡ
һֱͱβƃһ£ҲеͶ
ҲջĿЦŵͷƼ򵥣ȴǴǬ
ڸæҪô
λЩ
ҵðѱߣҵƾʲôƨͻȻ£ǸֵģǱʺϱºͳġ
⻰ûѪ
ͻȻѹģҽǴ̫ģȻ̫ΪأЦ޾ͲˣУǿԸ档
ڶˣô
ƃϣߣЦù˱ʣľ鳲һõö
ͷϣƃô˵Ҫ¶֣ʵۻ浱ˣӦսں޲֣һϷ
ĳͷͷһӦսЩĳȻ׷ӦսԭǺ֮̾ݱ֮Ψһ˷ǳƣ帮Լͦᣬϣκһ𣬵ûа취ʡʡѾӦսˣֻܺӦ
Ρ뺫աֳķȥ
ڡ帮԰ţͱոˣ̫ˡ
ڲԹɫЩĬ׹գʵҵΪ򲢷ֻ˲棬Ͼ֮һ£Ҳͦõġ
ᣬʺ֮ǻʺҲȤĻԸΪʺڻʹ潨һ򳡣ʵ򳡷ǳ򵥣Ҫ̫Ǯ
ǾˡЦŵͷ
΢ЦĿ͸˿˿м
նʺĲڣҪʺĻע⵽Щϸڡ
͵͵һĨϲɫȻҲͦȤģͻȻգҪȥľ𣿡
֮⣬ȥľ
Цľǿ϶ҪȥģΪľ԰ı־֮ǰҴȥġ
бȻľӺġ۾
Ȼ
յͷȻָǰ
̧ͷȥ
һСʵרôﰡ
ҲǺĪȮ
ȻǣЦʺȥһ֪
ŸոϣУּСŴ˴Ҵϣûע⵽ǡ
£롣ߵһСȥ
εͷҲŵҵ£ΪҪ볡Ļȵס֤ͨ˽Ҵҽһײλ룬˭Ҳ
һתȥרͨ⽨᲻ܲרͨרֱͨͨϯģڵΨһϾǷ⽨ᣬƵʱ͵ÿǵЩ⡣
ϯδü£̾ͱڵոȾˡ
ö˰
СſڹϯĻϣֱֱųڡ
ֻܱ߶ΧˣӰζѹѹһƬ浹ǷǳӵȻΪġ
һСͷ󺹣棬СǷĲʽС֣ϣ˫ۣҧ촽۽ǳ鴤šߵһȺҲڸڣһƬЩСվվֵ£ܶʼûһ˺ۣǸˡ
κǰһǶԣֱǷ˼ѽû뵽ӿȥƶҸû뵽ڽװĸӡ
ЩСǸӲ˵ˣסа˫ֻͫһ˼ǡҪ档


1208 ֮
źյ
յͷ£ΪũңСʱ˼ҳʮĽҲܹһسʵСǳԼΪԲԼģҽ֮
֮
һ飬Цôһ˵⳵⾳١
ʺԼǣһ֮ЦŵͷȻֻǼ򵥵Ľһ䣬ȴܹĺʵСǷҲɴ󳵣
⳵̫ȤˣҴǰǶڳĸҲԡ
ͻȻ£ʵϳҲ⣬˶ĻܹҴƾӶƥԼоٶȣϳҲϳССȥһȦȴǺѵģ·ʡСֻƽľʻ
˵͸һ˿ź
ԵͷüҲź֮ɫȻֿա
Ц˾Լǣ⳵ĿǰԵȷֻܣһգǻὫ⳵ﵽȥκεط˵ĿͶڣ㽵Ͼ֮
һ˵úãΪӶ֮ôֻУҲΪһֵġǳͺֽܱΪܵľΪҲͨԼŬͷܶӸҵػػʹҵϻʺ󣬿֮ǰ˭Ҫô˵һ˷ˡ
ǫʺˡǻ˵СĴ޵ģ˳ΪӦýС̫øɺͿ֣һǲŻԼĿ룬Ǽ̳иĸĿ룬ϾĸܲסҲǳ˾ս԰ĳԣϣÿСֵĳɳÿ˶ԼĶظԣҴδøӷḻʣǧƪһɵ֮Ҳ
Цŵͷ֮ҴƱǰ󣬲һ񡣡˵ţǺˣڱô
յȻȱ˾Һ˾մһվ;ΪҶǵһ棬ԶԣǷǳƽģĿǰֻǺѡһˣȡһ븴ǰ÷ǳĽ⣬չѡԼ߸װҲܹҵĴ
Լ͸װ
£漴ͷȤȤ뷨̫ˡмСЬô
յ£ǽЬͬҲֻЬԿƣ⻹õȵһº󡣡
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Ρͬʱ̫ӣֻļСǣ񶼳ˣǵκﶼЦ
ǵЦҲСޣǺǵЦȴǸ
СԴЦʵǲǺȥ棿
һĵͷ޷ܾ
ϷѾȥˡ
ȴǵֻǿܻԵһ
һ㶣ա
ʵΪΣ
ЦΪҪŶӰ
ҪŶӰ
ߵһСƵ帮ӣտ
κﶼԵЩĬ̫үҪŶӣȴ˼˵ţֻǹֺ߯Ҳζˡ
żûŶӣʵһ仰ѽŴҲܹġ
ȴǶ¿ɻǵϻҸ˵Ǵ޵Ĺ¡
գգ̵ۣˡ
տȴǺʲô£
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̽СʿĹ¸˵һ飬ֵһҪŶӵģΪ˶ŶӣزŲỵҪǻ˹أ˵ͻῪȥôǽûˡ
С޶˼ĵԴ
֮ϲѣΡϲºͻʺô˼ѶҴд˴Ҵ֮
֮һ˵Ŀ϶һĸӶԣζ̫ˡͺñΪʲôһֱ֮乢ڻΪʵӣ츳Ȩ˼棬ȴǿԼλģ˵Уһֱ֤Լ֮ӣҲΪ֮䣬ǳעԼԼڲϧȥЩʷ٣дΰһЩ
Ȼۺڣһˣҿ磬ûƻԼһӢȻĻȥҪҲʮ꣬Ǻܿܰħھǰˡ
Ҳ⣬С̫ܲףȻȥû˸ҷ뵱̫ӣ˭֪ôģһкܶǲͬģҲΪˣܹԼͬһǳֵø˵£ҲǷǳҪġ
Ҳ׺ΪʲôŶӣֻС¶ѣؼǸޣͻȻ׺Ϊʲôϳ̫֮ʦҪ̫ӵѣЦ˵òȻˣ޾˴ȥŶӰɣ
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һҲûֻ͵͵һĸĸ
κһۣͬʱ롣ʵϣʺĸһȥŶô
£ͷʺĻ󡣡
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ݺۺգСӻеѽñȥŶӡ
պǺǵ˾ڣʲô
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Сӣ
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һ׼ңֻŲˣһһˣշǳܰЩ˿ɶǹ壬Ȼ࣬ǲң໥ã񡣶󲿷ֶǹԱȻҲʵۣһʵۡʺͻȻݵǴľðΣŷӦϽߺꡣ
ΰڰ֣Ц޽̫棬񡣡
ŷ̫Ҳڣ̷׷ױʾ̫档
ǶγˣҪŶӣҪعأҪߡ
Ҳлǵĺ⣬ͬʱʾҲ޳̫ӵ˼
̫ӵһԣɾͰ涨ˣ˼̫ӶعŶӣ˭ҪҲŶӵĻǲ˵ӱ̫ӵĵλҪߣͿɴСˡ
ϣ
һɽεıڸŻˣûаγһŷһСˤڵأϻЬ˿
ɼʵ۲սҵ񾭡

һæǰСޣôأ
СԪܵĶԪ
ء
ԪȻ֣
Ԫôˡ
ԪҵǼСΧ
ҵֺѽء
ԭǵǣɼԪûᣬ룬Щ̫ԾּǼСӣһ˶ûУ룬Ԫǻ쵰ȥأǹʵ˭ġ
үү곤Ԫ׵
أ
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˵ǹεġֳԪ㻹ðɣҪҪȥС
ҪҪԪСһĨ֮ɫ
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ʱһŮ˽һ֣׼
ˡ
Ҳȥˡ
£
С׷ҡͷһ⣬ԼĸĸȥǵĸĸҲǷǳϧԼıӣ͸Ů˵ȥˡ
ŮͷǾͼ汨֣ԪףԪԪ
ȫԪġ
ãֵˣ
Ԫ׼ĽһֳԪԪ㻹ȥȥ
ԪĵͷȻεĳźգۣСӴЬŻߣ໥ţСȥ
ȺС쵰߯ҲƻˣҪΪͽջȻǸɵ¾ǧŰ˽ɵѽɵķǳɫҾ˵ȺСɽˮʲôʱ¹ôˤһӣͿ޳ˣԭˤ˿ġ
ԪǳԪնǶ£Ͼǻ쵰СŹģҪСûУǻθԪȥ氡
ĵߵĸ󣬺ˣװġ
ŰӵСԴûбš
ҡҡͷҲȥ
æʺģרŴ̫ӣ̫ˤġ
л˾ˡֳ帮ǵĶʵ벻档
ЩҡͷЩ˵ͷ
ȥǰš
ʱ洫ЦһȺСͷ˽һСգ̵Сø
־
ǰʵô
־ͷֻ˵ûн
ûϵڲ롣
հοСһһ䣬Ȼһˣ־Сùأôãδ¡
־ŶһСùúԪǳȥˡ
𣿡
£ЩĲ£Сһ˵˼䣬ָ˵һȻųȥˡ
棬һ£δµӰǷֻľǱվһϤٻӰ˹ȥǼԣŻľСŮ費Ҫһλδ㳩԰

óȻƺŵ˼ˣѩǺգ־ϲµĹŵĺΣȻߵûɣһСŮӿ벻𡣡
΢΢һЦΪҵҡˣ֪ĸҵֶŮ
˵ʱתͷǻľ
ǡ
ѩֶ̧һˣȻӦߣҿ˿ҶעŻľվñȽϺ棬ûע⵽˿ֵ˺һۣߵƭңҲŲϵˡ˵ת뿪ˡ
ռæ˹ȥһҪϰ


1209 ܼŮ
ʲôʱģ
յһ
û
Ŀġ
ѩһ̬һۣҵʱ£ղˡ
𣿡տһЦҽõϢˡ
治֪˵ʲôѩ΢΢Σƫͷȥ
պǺһЦʵ԰ô
ͦȤġ
˵԰ѩ̱˷һ㣬㵹òá
յԸꡣ
ѩһת˵԰Ȥʲô
뿼ң
΢һĪ˵԰ȤЩаС
ѩЦҿ㣬ʲô
ְҵϰߣ֣֣һЦҲôΪ
ѩ΢΢𣬵ǲǿ˵԰СԽ࣬ô԰ԽȤ
ЦŵͷѾ֪ѩҪ˵ʲôˡ
ѩֵ㽫ƱôܹСǰˡ֪Ҫ׬Ǯģȡ˵ǮСѣĻ԰ŻԽԽá
յͷĽѾյһῼǵġ
ѩһЦôƻ벻һ㡣
ЦȻˣΪλ˵أ
ѩֻΪܳʲôɣ㶼ӦöСѣҲȱǮ
һ̾ʵβôҲ⣬ҲҲ⣬廹ǻģ뵱ڷ¥ݻʱҾһͬʣȴΪʿ⣬ܶˣС͸޷Ԥƣ԰˿ĵģҲϲһЩĵ·԰ҵĹǡ
ѩ˼Ƭ̣ͷ˵Ҳ޵
ЦģһǻЩ˼ҵСģ㽫Щѧ
ѩᡰһ漴΢΢ǣʲô㡣
ʵϣѧԺѧ档
Цǳϲʦ
ǰøһЩҲӿһЩͻлл㡣˵ţѩźղһЦ
һЦԵֹһˡЦֻǿͷллô
ѩЦһѧԺ飬ѧԺҹǮ쾭֮£ֲǰ׳԰׺ȣ˵ģлӦǫŶԣҪࡣ
һ۵УֻҺơŶֻͷ
˵꣬ѩ͵Ҿ˵úе

̾ÿҵĻеʱܲô
ѩͷϻؾΪҾĻ˵úе࣬һֱǳΣ
˵ţЦźա
Ƭ̣ͻȻǺЦ
գǻ㻭ô
ѩָʰ쵵ǽϡ
յԼã
Ϊ㰡
𣿡
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ѩЦһۣ治֪ߣ˵ǻķ񣬴󵨣һпգԸǺô
Ŀѩ
ѩЩô˵Ĳô
ǣ
ҡҡͷжΪ˽ҵĻǷѩ㡣
ѩ£˫һ˵üĻ
չһЦĻڰ칫Һǰɣ԰ԵģԼġ
ѩƮһϼҴ˿ֻ˵
һ㶣ʲôĻ
ѩѩ׵ıҧº޵촽ҡҪд顣
һϲ⣬ֵһģ
ѩҡҡͷҲдЩڰĹ£Ҳдˡ
պдʲô
ѩ㻹ǵõǴ·ϣС֡СҰ˵ùô
ҵȻǵáպȻǰһдͯ£
ѩͷһЦЩС˵ܹǶ԰岻Ǹ˴ȥϣҾСҪϣģЩ˼ҵĺӣд˵ͯ£ԼҲܿ֡˵ţĿźգΪΣ
ʲôҶֵ֧ġյüƬֵ̣дʵͯԸ⽫Ĺ»һη򳪸Ĺ£ǧš
ѩһȷյֻͯ£̫ˣǡ򳪸桱ɬѡ
˵򳪸棬һĿѩׯ԰λѾҺˣѾˡ˵̧̧˫ü
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ɣɣ
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շ˷ۣ۵ļһ
ٻͷȥֻǹܼҼææ˹ѯʣͼߵ˵˼䡣
찡
գһĨΡ
ѩôأ
տЦʦδ

ʱĴѾĿ꣬Ƭסƻڸɫֽŵӳɢ˵ĹâĶŪ֧飬ּ˱ͷ­һضǣһ̣յᶼˡ
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Ԫգ쵰Ҫ㡣
½㵱ŭԪĵͺ֮ĸѨһƿգһԪգ
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˵ĻеգգۣĿһֻ
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ںʹӲǺһЦɵˣһҪĵ׬ǮܣֱǶҵ衣Ϊʲô츳׬ǮǾܵģֻҪ㿪ģǧҶνһܴٽѡ
⻹࣡
µͷȻһ˵˭ܼأ

պΪѵĿ£㲻ܵĻ׬ôǮ


1210 ̫
԰ˣҪķǳʳǴ׬׬ûκε
ֻϵʱ򣬴ҶŻľȥˣûע⵽ܱߴС꣬ǵٽʱȻСû澡ˣҲ۵ģʼŶӶ԰ڽ⣬سǵĻ˵˷ʱ䣬Ҳõȵ󣬲еķԣЩҳǳԾĴСȥ԰ĲϢһ㶫
԰ķƣǰպģΪ԰ֿ϶Ҫ£ľͻԵø룬һЩ˶ĵطһЩ꣬ЩСǵһ䣬Сܶһľ壬ȻиеͣȻ󳤰ڷһŸ߽Բʡ
ֵǳĺã涼ΧˣΪǰδУ˹ƾˡȻ԰ŹΣˣܵŷȥò͡
ŴǿǷǳģʳסжҪǵģ԰ƾʹοͲٸǰһؾصĳԷγһַǳɵķΧ԰ҪķΧ
ʱգ԰ĵĵشҲһʯ̳ɵС㳡ѾһɫĴɡǳģ꣬Ǵ̫ɡɡһԲͷǳʵΡȻǳԷ¥Ӷûڳȫռ˵ˣε״ࡣ
ܱ߻ΧŲԣ֮УǷǳ
ȻôŵĻ˿϶Ҳ԰ġ
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κﶼ÷ǳĽԼĶӲ꣬ȻҲ֤Ϊ̫ӣǶԼˡ


1211 շò
˵䣬ڵİӱˣ⣬С㳡ϵĸʳСԡ
˴ͶˣȻҲ̻
һľͽϵʳ˸ɾֻůʵ˲ôֱš
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ԼǣǿЩϿֵЦݣ˸еοѣΪûĸİҸҴƵʢѾǿ˸񣡡
ڼæ͵
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찡
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ЦҪǱºͻʺûҵȻԸ⡣


1212 
ұӹκġ
Ǳεװһֺñơ
ʱ˿̣վȺУʾһ˾ȷʲôܷ硢֯ҪˣЩ󸾡ٸǳʵźգȻƻͣǲշʲôֻ뺫Ҳǻһš
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쵰ǰһ䣬ȴɬһϾǺյӣݼеġ
һСӴǰ½㣬ܷҲһš
δһǻµôæпգȹЩ˵ɡ
ɣ
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ٺûоܾˣϾЩڵԣǶǸŲ⴫ġ
ΡµһͥǷҿԽԽϲĦ˴죬βŽŵʤŵʤŻ˫ֶڷ￴ηǳϲһҪŪˣǾ׼ײİɡ
Цձϣգܽһֻô԰︸ʺĸһ
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̫˵ˣĵİ˺һۣ˵ؾˡ
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Сո磡
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չֵ΢


1213 ˥
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1214 ֮
ϾʽľȻҲȫһǺʱƵģ䲻ڣ֣ÿÿͶͶ
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յսģѵ㲻Ӯ
գգۣСҰСҰúͶ
СҰԴʵֻǵͷ
СҰǷǳٵͶǺܲˣǸƿҡҡλλûеȥ
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СҰСüͷЩھźա
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ô֮־Ƕʮ֣ܷʮ֣ΪСҰһ˻ýһֵһ֮֡
ѹֵˣκܲˣһֻײƿӣʵһֱڿӵˣϾǳѧߣǷǳȶȷһ¾ˣһһΪûн
ЦҪգ֮պСҰǱǿģȽƽֻҪһʼ̫ԶʤĻǡ
Цŵͷ
ǱߵɳѩѩԺö˶츳ҲеãԶСҰһײĸڶûʧ󣬵ҲûײκƿӣСҰнһֻǻ˰˷֡
ǱɳҲʵĴ޺籣Ǳѩһ㣬ײ
ϳ˶ܵˣܵκ˶Ҫ棬ٴƵã˰죬һʧ
СҰȥοѣţûµģǻȡ
ǵڶ򣬻ʧ
֡
СҰҲ֪ΰοˡ
ܵͷεֻ뻻ˡ
Ǳ¬ʦײ˰˸
ϳľºʹСΪݺƶĹԣֻҪУܹͶΣµʵǽںոСҰġ
Ǻź߶Ͷûײʮµ˾ŷ֣е߷֡
һʮ߷֣Ǳʮ֡ࡣ
ǾһֵĽҲ˰Ȼҵľ̬ˡ
պСҰȻΪɫ̫ܵӶˣڶҲǺһ㣬򹲵֡ǱʵͱȽϾһЩҴҵ״̬ҲȻڶֻСҰУײʮ⽫СҰСҰһͶĻᡣ
߻Ǳ΢ȡ
ͬʱڻĸǽǰΧ˹ս
Ҳ
Ҳƶ˱Ȥζԡ
ǰȻˣʤһֱֵ֡
ǱѹϳΣҵһ룬Ҫ֣ͱȲУõεĽȻһҪײ߸ʤ
ȫסҲ÷ǳˣ˫ֽȭƤӶڶţҲ֪
ԼҲǳţ浽ֵزˣ䡣
һӮ
Ҳ̲ס
ŷˣּӰĪĶһ˿ȫУ׼˰ΣŽӳȥ
˶ۡ
ײ΢΢һۡ
ʱ䣬ֳˡ
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οſտҲҲǼְ
⻹߷ֲܹӮ
ȫ˶Ϊ֮һ˸߹һˡ
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ŷԭܱվôˣ״̬Ҳǰһűʱȫ̰
һӵӵӵ
Ϊ̫ˣԵΪĴ̶ͷǣץ񰡣תͷһָµƳǣޱ졣
²֪ԼôĴ̶ʱͨ죬ĬĬվںߣѰȫȥˡ
ο·ˣҲûм棬սô
ֵ̬Ͷɰڴһ٣һؾԼˣұͶȥһ˲ơ
𣡡
Ȼ䣬һĺȲˣԭһеĵһȫС
ʺ
뿪ĵܵߣһıQš
ҲԵ˷ܲѣ̫̼ˡ
ڡ帮Щ϶㵸ҲȻ˵ΪӦˣһ̣Ͷ˽ȥ
˰ΣŷӦǵ⣬ҲЦ
֮෴ǣǱ߸ǴͷɥѾǴ̵ˣ˭ǲǻʵۣӮ
Ȼǵʧ䣬ȴǸӿġ
򼼳뻯ķڷ
ǰ䡣
ιһЦް䷽˵ûⷢʵֲһдúð
һ˫أ̺յ򼼸һ⣬ŵһͿ
Ҳֻܽǵ䣬Ѿóȫؼʵʵ̫죬ûа취˭֮ˡ
¿ɲˣ£һ㲻ʲôٱȹ
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ܲףСϲ泼ıǳңԸ˽ԳǮڹ޽
ЦŵͷһʼǾⱦжζ֮󣬾Ᵽ̫Ȥˡ
˷ܣܹڹⱣˡ
ʱ䲻ˣûи¶԰ڵʱ䣬ǾݻعȥˡһţͼܵҹԱ쳣𱬣һõⱣ̫ȤˣĿǰƷչȥò˶ãҵǮܹ׬
뿪ûж֮԰Ҳӭһ鳱
һͣʻ
ǴС϶δƣʸĸʲôʱ
յûи¡ѩǻسǣСҰСȥֵܵʱ䡣
ԪǱߣԪߡ
ţ
ԭΪ϶ˣСû뵽һƣֻԪС˵ģȴ쳣࣬ڲ׽Ԫա
ΪԪұڳڣҲŻȥԪҹȥҲûʲô⡣
Ԫ̬ǻλƵģǲˤ
һ
ֻԪסԪֱײһǱ˵ԪյģԪͻȻʧм䣬Ԫһŵõͷ׼ܡԪ˫һţһŵԪһңȥԪտ̽һ
Ԫ˶ƽˣϵⰡæллүүллүү
үүӦõġ
ԪպǺһЦͻȻһɣԪջˤڵϡ
үү̫ɶˣԪڵϴ
쵰Ĩһ亹ֻ뿪
СҰҲδźܸȤߴźաܵܡ
ܵЩǼСҰ¸߰ɨˣǸǻЬںղ£óڡСҰȻҲǵһ棬һƽǺܱ̬ģԪһλƵľǲóھͳ彫ȥֲˤġ
գСҲˣ
Ԫռúգ۷Ź⡣
Ԫ̻ߣСո磬ܲܰһԸүү
ҲûôˣյȽ̻ܵ˵棡棡
ԪǶʱһʧʧɫ
ֳԪյԪȸҵţҽ̻С֣һΪԪǱġ
ԪֻЦȴȻ֪ǺյĻ֮ơ
ԵԪգҲûа취ֻһ߷Ԫգһ߽С֣ǱСҰѾʵ̫ˡ
ԶԶԣܺãܺã
տʼ֣Сֱƽ⣬СȡһЩҲˣûעԪȥˡ
ź洫һľֹ
⣡հһ
Сӣ
ֻԪͻȻӺϣСֵƨһģ
ϣ
ܵһţֱȥ
ɣ˫Ŀֱӱܸܵײڵء
ۿȿȿȣ
СֿǲᰡձײҲ߻أû³
ԪһתͣЦɾʱ΢΢һ󿴣Ⱦܡ
ֻСҰ׺Ĵ۾ͬһֱԱĳԪգ۸˭ã۸С֡
СӣԪһƳһ䣬СҰ׷١Ԫտɲҵî˫ȣСҰֱӳݾ׷ȥۿҪ׷ԪˣԪպȻһֳΧϣԾϣСҰûԥҲ˳ȥ
һûκϰˣ˵ٶԪǶɵˣԭԴﵽôٶȡ
ʱֵܺͺҲվܼܵСҰ׷ԪղţٶԽԽ죬ﲻǵǣ׼СҰҪ׷ˣˤںϵģûʲô¡ǺȴסٶȿɲܷģҪˤһӣ첲ˤ϶пܡˣȻһϽԪкͷǡ
ԪȻһֱСҰ׷ţǳݵΪСʱ;Ұ׷֮;׷ҰܣѾû¹̽һСҰļֽһٶȣʵԪյٶҪСҰ죬СҰƽҪǿÿһСҰҪ׷ֱֻᱻ룬ࡣ
Ԫ
ԪȫڸСҰʱ˺һƳʧɫʲô
ֻաԪǷ׷ɨ㡣
𣡡
պȻװһɨĶ
ɽԪոŻˣ˫һٶ̴СҰ׷ϣֱץס
һ̣Ԫ̬˵ıٶȻȥ
ɣⶼŲУǿ˭ݣմԪȻ棬ɨ㣬վԣһЦ·˵ˡ
ԪԶͿˣٶ̫ˣҲͣҺ滹׷գҪӲŹġ
ŻңŴġͻȻɨ㣬Ԫˣ͵ؾɨȥ
ʵվӣҲң˵ģɰԪոŲˣʶһתֻӸתţҲƲסˣֻܹ٣ŵĴ󺰵ˣˣ
顪
ԪתԼˣֱһͷײǽϣصˤڵأֱðǡ
մһӣ尡Լȴ
ɱ
Ԫ̾ͬһֻֻС˽ȥ񲻱𣬸ʱ
ת˲ż䣬ЩСһȫ˵Ԫϣץֵץ֣ץŵץţԪֱſԪյǰС־סԪƵɽһ³
۵Ԫ۴С
ʵԪտ׾ٵĽӿǱϾֶⲫҲֻܺġﰵ߯ҲƻˣԼϣԪϣҪǺո϶һŽո߷ɡ
С֣ʲô
ͻȻһ
Ҳ֪⡪
һҵĽк
ԭܵܿȤҲ򣬿Ǹո̤һʱûпסŤ˼£ȻԪǱ߾ͳȥˡ
ԪǼСˣŵС԰ףϽԱ߹ȥſԪؿڵԪӦ۾ô󣬴һƬհףҿԪշӦ죬һ־ͽԪƷһߣͬʱҲʧȥΨһĻᣡ
飡
ֻܵˤԪյĶϣԪ˫Ⱥͷͬʱ̣淢һ죬Ȼ̱ȥ鴤һ£һַǳ΢գҪ㲻ú
ۣ̫ˣϲҪҪȥʹˮأպԪǿöĿɿڴɱضˣϾܵǸѹȥġ
ôԪҲ˵治ᰡҲˣʵʵ˲ϻºڿԾ鳩ˡ
ֱ̫ɽˣǲŴ԰ԪǱġաСҰСֵӭϦһĨϼȥÿжһӣһС̳ƣһ߿һߺȾƴƨǳĿ֣Ѿû㳩ˣҲΪ԰ĿŻһǳľš


1215 ٶȿ
ʵ۶ȫҳ԰ĳɹѾٹ׸ˡ
ȻڶյȵһջҪö࣬ΪЩܿһյĸ߷ڣ̴ǵһվͶûֵ࣬ǲδ뵽ЩСһյ棬ǹ˼ƱĿͻڶһָ˹˵ڶյһա
ǣ֪Щֻܱ԰ŵĳɹܷάȥͻҪϵĴ£ΪٺϷһǧһҲᷳġ
ôڶ԰ĽȻȻѾ̡
ʵҲͣΪ˴ľڴٽҵһ̼ľãҴľڰգΪ˵ԸùʵͣͲ£ǳ͢󹤳̣͹ڷʣǿŰͶ
Ҳ˵ܹģȻ豸Ľ輼ѾǳˣһЩ߻Ҫϸо
ոһ£ͬȲٹΪзǮƲ٣ǽΪֱ֮ӸƵݵȵأķʽоӪ
ʷ
ҺһŶҪÿһ۾Ϳܡ
Сָ磬ľǣСѲҵġ
ܵվڵǰСĽָһһССӽһӹϵ棬µĻСֿǸɲֻɫϲӡСͨܵꡱ滹һܵͼЦݿ䣬ǳɰ
ͬʱҲ˵Ĺۿ
ǺɵĻô
ף壬֪
ϣ˭֪ɵĻ뻯ǶճƵãʵۡʺúɰԼ񡣡
԰㻭ڸײ㶼˺ܴķ죬һ㣬ʵһ˻䶯ˡ
вٿᰮʿֻܹһĻȻŶûнȥһɣˮĹ٣˷ʱ仭Ǳ׺ѽ˸Щʿ˵⻭ֻ£öѣұõģǲҪҲͽܵģǫװƵΪĻķǳ˽֪Ϊ˶ôģֻǴ
Һһģͨܵÿ涼ܵͼŶҲȡͽͨܣǿͨܣ֪ͨܵˣǲͦϵġ
С̫ˣǻȥ֮ľľӡˢ棬⻭ǳ򵥣ûô£ܺọ̃ȻСŪʮɲ˷ӡһ㡣
ûƣע⻹
ǣҺġ
ܵܺ⡣
˺ߵֲģô
ܵתͷһֻξقcźϹ˹æӭȥξٴ硢Ϲٸˣ˵⻭Һ续ģǺҵ̬ĻģҵȻ⡣
ϹЦС֣ʹ㻭һֻܣҲġ
ܵܺߵզãôɰҺ㻭Һ绹һ㻭
ξقcˣˣҶˣȸ裬һС
ܵܵȻֻһЦͨһģһָ̿ϽԸȥŪΪ֪ʼҾʱ޵ģÿ졣
ɶʱŷżٰ
ξقcһ°ͣ̾
Ϲƾȵ޼ţղŷ˼٣ŷżˡ
ѽղŷżٵģ⻹Ҫȶðξقc޲š
ϹƵ޼ţôأ
ǲ֪ȥһ԰Ǳ򣬰Ӵ̫ˣҪ˾յĵ̣ҷǵסһϡ»طżٿɵȥŶöϼˣŲ˼
ô
ϹƽŽţ⼸նûݼ٣ʴ˻ûȥģҲⱣŻûȤ
޼ţϹ١ҵˡ
޻ڡ
ֻһĹӸ˹޻ڣʱڵĴʷѧ޼ţϹ٣ǿǺֵѽɵðҡ
ξقcŻʼҾϵţæʵʲô
޻ڵҾ͵ѵӪˣЩʣҪעЩʲô
ϹЦվ͵ȥˣղǣ
޻ڵұǣǱ򣬾ͽ¸ˡ
ξقc˷ܵôҲ汣򣿡
ǰýѽȥѵӪˡ޼ţҲô
Ȼϲաдһ¡
ʱ˵ɣ˵˵ѵӪɡ
ϹƵҫǽû
ҵȻ
ʵûҲûɶãҲùȥξقcŰڰֵʵҲûɶ㿴ǳ˭ȱ첲ȵôǶԶﴫǿ˵㣬ܵ˵ͻͦõġ
ô
㿴ǲ֪ô
⵹Ҳǡ
޻ҲǲԼЩСˣʵܶ˵ѵӪֲͦġ
ξ޼Ŵֵǵ£˭ãƫƫȥǡ˵ѹȥǺգյȻҲͱǣֲ֮ʵǸյѵӪһҲֲǱȥǺղô˵յֻһС٣չΪͬƷûȥ
ϹˣʲôǱʹȻ˵
֮
޻ͷճé®˭ˬ㿴ˬҲûٸȥǺգôֲȻͲˣˣ̹Ա룬ûеϹСӶͦȴܣҲͷָξقcһξقcšϹƽӳ꣬˳ҲˣȻͻȥˡ
һߣϹƾʵ޼ţѵӪ壬Ϊɶ޻ڡ
ξقcСĪˣһڿɲǺȥ죬ǵڸº;˾⣬տɻ˵ˣȥ̹٣ҪˣǶûȤ
Ϲ˷ܵѽզˡ

񰲾֡
գΣ
ǳ˧
߯Ҳˣҹ
̴û˺һۣصϡ
ίֲû˵ҵһؾ˴Уڲڱκ¡
̴һˬȴǰοǸǸ£Ҳ湻˵ġ
㻹˵
˵ˣ˵ˡ
ʵںЩֻø̴Щ
ЦʲôΪʦ˿ǶȥǻѾǳ뻯ˡ
̴һѽܰһһôҾ͹칫ң붼ͦá
ЦΪп𣿡
̴ﲻͦеô
Ⱥտڣ˼ľ͵̶ҽսкΪѵӪҪʽѧˣһ仰û˵͹㳶򡣡
̴գգۣһ̸̸ѵӪɡ
սһʱϣ³ѾдˣˣջȥģҾκ£ĺæ
˵úã̴ͷ˵Ҳ˵á
Τۺ˼һۣ룬ˣǻǲϵ

ա
ոսžӭһ߷ڣֻһӸ˯ĳñţǵõһҲˣԭȴǽȻ෴ģΤûѵӪһ£һٵѣǰһƽ֡ЩӸȴ̫ѵӪһˣʴҹʧˣЩ
ҿȫˣѵӪΪֲľǺգǵĳּǺǵʱѵӪûǹ壬ǿɵ÷źˡ
һҵ˵ˣҷ޼ǶԺͦģûпյôǡ
Ͳ֪˰ɣ߯ҲƻˣһʼֶãͻӸмˡ
ԭˣǿɵ÷һ㰡
ѾΪͬƷٱ˰ɡ
ǵҲ޷ıĳ
һҪŽᣬ׻˵úãⷨڣֻҪŽһģͲʹ
һزһһѧԱǿɶб·ϾͿʼηգֻǲ֪ѹûдʶ棬ҪʵǴС浽ξ޼ŵСħô˵ǵ׼Ƿǳ֣ܿ۵˼׼ˣǵĸĸǣҲܱǶֻһЩ·ҴκζΪǶ֪ѵӪʱ򣬻ᱻѲģΤЯͼղˡ
һѲеķǳ˳ֻмӸ԰δȥȻǱûգǴȥˣҲûй򿴡
ʼѵӪųţȹŮŲˮǰ򣬷ǳ顣
ЩѧԱԭǺܽģǱЩòŮк䣬̾ƮƮȻˡ
ڹڵξقcŵ˿ϤһĻζӳѽجξǴһ̿ʼİ
죬ôΪǷɾô
ΤСʵʵѧϰЩ·ڱϡ
պǲˬĿһۣôɵô
㻹ɣ˭ӱɣ
ξقcźٺٵֻǺ棬ʶѡ
⻹࣡һȻҲͬʱҲѵӪĴͳһμ棬ܵ¹࣬һӡǻʼѵӪΪĻʼҾ죬ôôڰɲС
ξقcšΤǵͷȴŹ֡


1216 
ξ޼ؿܾúڿѧһôŪҪʹѧԱԴ⣬Ȼٳûǡ
ʵˣʼգղδרȥǣԼȥúŪѧһյһаţⶼΪ֪Щӵܳڸĸı֮£ͻȻһİĻһЩҵôžΪ˴ǵЩѧԱо顣
Ȼղô˵Ҫȥ롣
ĻʼѵӪȵ˽һĶأڱֶһٳͬʱҲһһãϾʹлʼҾ죬ʼѵӪҲ˳Ȼġ
ͬʱΪ࣬ⱨҪһգѧʽֻƳٵڶսСһգվϤһѵӪϱмǲȥģΪǻʹ˭ҪǱȥѵӪҲḺġ
ҲǴţд΢
ЩѧԱһͦõѽûдôֲһЩѧԱϻرģĺܣ⣬Ǿɫûа취ǵĸĸǸҪٱˣôҶûˡ
ô˵һҶܷɣڱ˵ţշǳǢҹڵڶյĻҲܼ򵥣ѧʽ˯һǴɨΪǶɨ㶼ûùûǸǿһ۶ѡ
ڶյѧʽҲûκ𣬾ҲٶμѧʽҲݱһͳϾǻʼѵӪ˵ñȽ϶һЩΪʼҾǳɫǳҲǳӣһһҪ֪ʼѵӪǵκͳ޼УʱβǺӣһؾ˼䣬ʱξ޼Ⱥܹϴĸ档˵ûͦ˻ʼѵӪʷԼʼҾɹ
һ»ڣ죬Τ˽ȥͬʱھ֮£԰䷢һöӢѫ¸Ӣѫ΢ͭǮһ㣬Ҳͭģʽǵ棬¸Һηǳ£滹һЩʴھ£ǳÿ
ɾҫ
ɻʵ԰䷢ѫ£̸󹦳Ĵ
ЩѧԱ¹ǷԸˣԼǺĿģǿһĻҲȾˣгһԼҲܹվ̨ϣܻʵ۵ļν
ξ޼šΤǶǳĽΤֻ޵ʱԼλòã˸ȡѰ˼ţ»ػøɺһȥִ
ʹӢѫҪզã
ξ޼͵Сʵ
յֻҪǼع徫Ǿлá
ⲻû˵
ξ޼Ƶͷ
ǡҫǽʽ
һµҫǽѾڲٳϡ
ΤǿտҲҫǽֻ鲻Խĵӵ͵͵ƳۺգǱҫǽŪͷˡ
ЩѧԱҲҫǽûа취ǱҪġ
Τۺ˼ûиܹҫǽͦĵĽԼļҫȥ
ЩһصѧԱվҫǽ¹˰춼ûйȥԭΪֶ̫ˣǵڶˣǵĵ趼ûȡҫƣٹȥǽԼȥҲҪ棬û·ˡ
ҫǽʽ֮İž͵Ϊֹ
Ϳʼ˲˵Ĵɨ
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1218 뵺
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1219 ˾
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1221 ʵʵ
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¬졢ʦЭˣһȺôţX佫ǴڼӣλӦֻҪ˼ȥҲܹܵģǷսĿҲΪϧգڶڹĿǣΪҪ˵ģʱڴôսǰóʮȥͻʣһһ˭ܵ˰㣬Ҳѷչ
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⣬Ѧʹƃʷ䡢񡢸٩ͳͳǺյˣҲȥڣΪָ̫߾ʱҲڹܺڡ
Ҳ˵նмһ⣬̵ܹĿɾͶȥˣ˼ګһЩ󽫷ʦΪ˼ګδȥɶһֱڽϣЩԸ߾սûȥ
߾Ͱټöûϵڡ帮ǵȻˣΧκŪ߯Ҳ˰ɣЩ󽫣óһܹһ档ֻеʱŸộͳ˧㳲ǴʷǺ³ѦʹҲûȥм֮ǰͱȥģҧ˳ȥԮģŪݳ㾿ʲô
αʾԼҲΣЩ佫׷ս˭áϾûжٵ˿ԴˣެȻЩСĿǰǴڣǳƵЩҲެսϣ͸߾Ҫȥ


1222 Ǹеʵ
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֣Ц̽ң棬ҲҪ㣬ҾҪڱףΪԼǳҴ塣
յԸꡣ
֣еһ㣬ÿ嶼Լķ׺Ļƶκߵʱ򣬲ܿǵÿķףʿϤطףͬʱʿĻܹܺĹߣҴеͣȡƽ⡣ΣʿԱҲܹ໥ƺ⣬ʿϾһֱͬһƬϣͬϰߺͷףǹԱ߱ģʿڣԱҲΪʿͬҲ
ȻҲһЩԱʿ𹴽ᣬֻ󣬳͢ҲҪʿԱգսҵʱ򣬹Աܣʿ𲻻ܵģһ㶼ʿЩȥ̸ýǮ߳ȫʿҪߣһ㶼Ǵһߣ¹϶ɣɲֻʿȥϣʴҲһζǣ滹ԭġ
Ĭ
֣һۣǾһ̸Уҷҵļƻһ㣬Ҫƹ˽ĹΪҵͨģǾͱطƽȣܹ໥ס
ʵΪҸֹͣ𣿡
֣е֪϶а취ȥ򣬱ϾڳѾȡһЩɹǳӽ£־סŴԹ󣬳ʿӰûôҲɹһҪԸ⣬ΪӦ£òܹʿİ취Ȱ㻹ǲҪ嶯
üͷû
֣˽⺫գ֪ղһԽˣǵʵּ࣬ۻۣƾǻۣӦܹһȫİ취
̫ˡ
һЦΪ˵ҲеȻЩΪտǣȻҲҪذյѡҲվϲƽҲӲģǿ»øЩʿ̸̸ϾûǵطķƶĻţҪİϾⷽ棬Ҹ
֣΢΢ͷЧ͡


1223 ǲ
ΪСũãķֻǾ޽еģܹƳĹʵλҪ˵Ļ飬ȥߣĻǴƵĻ
ȴ뺫յļƻȴǱ۵ġ
Ҳδ˵ҪֱӴĻⲻ̫ʵΪǺܶ꣬ʱĿƼеĹҲֻƽôҽϰߣȻ޷ƽȥʼҪЩʿġ
Ҫǻȥ⡣
ʱҲûͷҲܼһʱǴȵ֮´֮󣬾̸֣׵ؽ̣⳵ɽǰ·


¡
֪ºͺҹ㣬һǶݣӦð˲æɡ
쳣ĳŴƽٵ
ƽ۴Уü͸һ˿ʹĬĬˡ
üͷһ壬սȭͷôôһһ̣ô죿Ůô죿
ƽšüͷ̾˿ӦñһҪ˽£ΪȥĻҲһҸġ
еΪΣ
ƽٵΪ²Ὺĵġ
˰ΣǺΪ´ʱֻʢֻҪٸһЩʱգĸŮԸıµģ⣬Ҳȥֹµġ
ƽԵЩԥ
ȸˣ
еһȻ߳Сݡ
ƽ˫Ŀϣ̾˿
һſһζЦʱ򡣡
ƽſڿȥҲôûΨһԭ򡣡
벻ر֮ˡ
Ԫĵ˽Ʒڴƽǰ㿴άǵĽ鼸գ
ޣ
ա
һա
ա
ɽ
Ԫֵҷż뿪ˣʲôȱ֮¡
ƽҡͷһ̾Ĳһøףһִˣȥˡ
ԪԵͷȣԲһøףΣûȥˣֵڣ㽫Ҫ˵ʲôҰת档
ƽٱĵôҲǿ㣬֪жٸŮ
Ԫգգۣ̳ƣǾ;
Ҳд⡣


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Ҫˣ˷ˡ
Ҫôһӣҷǵȥϣհš
죡
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µ͵֪ҪȥɽʳһЩġ
ЦͱΪˣʮǰ̫ʥ߾ʱ򣬲ҲǵӺϵݡ
µҲ˵ʮǰˣʱɻᣬ񡪡
Ц£Ҳ̫ˣ²˶ȥô
ɫԻ˼֣⵹ҲǣڣҵǿԷĲ١˵ţȻʲôƵãҲÿһ£С̶ˡ
ߵ⺢еġѽҵǷĲ㣬ҿɾ㣬֮ɱǣ鷳
̵Ůһֱڸʱ鷳˵ô
ǣЦһ·޷ˣҽա
µˡ
տЦɱ軵ˡ
ºߵ˵ҽ軵˻ࡣ
նʱһΣҰοţеñʧ


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磬ˣ
磡
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кһаȻȥҵ
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Ҳۡһ֣µ£ҵʲôԼá
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죡
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޺籵ˣͷȻʰһ
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µͷ
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ȵ޺ߺ󣬶µ֣ҴСһ浽Ӧ֪ҵ롣
ƺ֣ѵ̸£÷磬ǴоҪѹһͷ
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µ籲أ
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µüƬ̣ҲӣǶ¼ʮսڸ߾һҪø߾ѪծѪֻҪܹһᣬһø߾˵Ѫοҵ档
̾˿£͵ˣΪ˺籺Ůɡ
µΪʲôûģȥѺݣ㶼رۣ
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ͳȴǳᶨ
ѵûص𣿡
ΨһĻᣬû˿ҡ
»شķǳϡ
Ӷ°ΣȻȥߵſڣͻȻͣĿ̾˿عͷ£ʵʵһֱɹģһ㿭ġ
һЦʱȼ
һȸˣʱһȥġ
˵˳ȥ
¿ŴеıӰĿȴ͸һ˿ǡ
ſڣżһӰſڡ
Ǵ޺籡
磬ССʶںһУСþ֪нգǴδԴйƬ̵ĵǣΪһˣСҲᰮģһַ֧ѡ񣬲㷴ҪͻСһһȥġ
ͬҲ֧ģκѡ񡣡
Ц
޺һ˸Ÿж⡣
Щȥɣˣͻؼסɡ
ллл磡
ÿɲҪ˵Щ
ö¸гһߡ԰գһӭ¹ţԵЩµȻ̧ͣͷ£ĵ籣һ˽˽뿪ǣʲôɣǵĶ޾ʹ࣬ΪʲôԸΪǸһУȴδǹңһҲǺð

Ϊս½Ҳδ̫׼ʱ䣬ձ㽫̨Ԥףǿ꽫֮ǾͳˡҲʵյҲǷǳĳأƃǻĲˣЩȲ̿ɴˣǴ߾Ƶͳ˧Ƕϣȥ߾Ȼ߾ǺǿҲûɶͼģɽˮⶼû⣬ɹؼôûдǴǾǿԴüġ
͵ǰĹͣλŹ
һɫȴǷǳأĿг˱ˣʧҰУûлع
ȻǴС
һԵ¬ʦԼɫ죬ҲУֻȥѺݶѣʲôΣյġ
һƳ¬ʦԣ죬ЦһֲΡ


1224 Ӱۺ
С¬ʦԡ֣лعһֻ˹
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ЦλȤ˵һ£
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ΨֻǵƳһۡ
Ц÷һ˼ң֪ǶڷģƽʱСһ㶼ܣһ˵ȻҲˡ
ЩĪֻƽ棬ƺյķ񣬺˵£һһ仰͵ˡ
ռ˵ֱǰҵͻȻЩԣ˶û⣬ԼҲˣճɻʼδȬһ֮áһ֮˵ĲͻȻأѪÿÿҹ۵ȥھͷȥײǽ˿һӹ˳ǳĿ£һ£˾ͱȥ
ⲡȻЩˣ²δʲô˵ġ
żһû˵ꡣȻʹнѳȴļ˷ǳӰ
ԣüͷ
Ƴ˴ۣʵʲôӰ
Կ־֢
Կ־֢
֣оŶЩ˰
¬ʦȴʵνԿ־֢
յ˼壬ǶԿżĿ־壬˵ķˣнγһֿԵĸֻҪĺ΢еԣУݷһ˶Ӱ֮¡
¬ʦüͷϲҲ٣Ҳʹȥİգδ˵󡣡
Ц¬ӣѵ겡ڲ˼סһʱա
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¬ʦͷСһǳ
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ߵʱ򣬺ͻȻ䲡ҽΪ
еԴޣСΪ
յȻ޴δ棬һֱо޴һλΰŮԣѵҲ𣿡
кݺݵźա
յ׷Լİ飬׷ɣΪԼ룬ֱǰΰ󲻹ˡΪ޴Ůԭ޴ûκˣҲų෴һλǳ¸ҺʹŮˣھ֮УźһʷǳĲƸ֪һҲʱûܹ壬Ժ־ؽᱻƳ磬Ϊÿ˶׷ҸȨ
ֱźհΣջĿһƬȻĬĬĴӺ߹
ռʵ˽ˣ˵ʵͬ׷ȻĻ㵱ʱҲͲֻ֧Щܲˡ㻹Ӧ֧úϧһʱĲƸִֶš
ҷԣһζԣ˺Ĳֻһˣеˣÿ˶ڴ޴뿪Ӱ£ʵʹĸԴڴ޴㣬㣬СǴ޴Ըġ
أǰȥǽŲ죬Ȼͣ·վŵĴ޺籺¡޺Ǳ⣬з·ʲôһ£ڴǸ߰ͷ­ͷ첽ǰȥ
󡪡
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¬ʦԺҲЦŵͷ
ҡҡͷˣҲУȻĻҿɲ
΢һ¡
յ˵ͷѵӪʱǷһ顣
ʵܹܴԸ仯ˣǶ£Ϊ¸дСʶҹϵǳãΪԸеƣ壬ǵһ壬Ϊ޺籣¶һˮݣŶȢ˴޺籣ֱǰӡֹϵĲϱ仯öܹоڴ޴һЩ仯¬ʦ޷ܵġ
¸ߵúܽҲ̵ᵽյѧߺ󣬶¾ȥҺգ˵һ飬ϣܹΪڵһѵӪʱ򣬺պǼ䲻ΣȫºͳӣѵӪǺģúվǷһ飬Ҳ͵ͷӦ
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¬ʦԵͷѧǲš
ȴǿЦҽףҽѣ˵ţֿԶ£һЦпеıӰ쵽ˣ߶һЩֹۿʣˣôȻҲͻ᲻ζ
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µͷߣЦ㷽˵á
л
ǡܷһ¡
յҽͬĻĵ˵һ飬ҿԺܿ϶㣬ûҪ
ô֪ѵǸѧ־ŭΪҪԪĵҲѽӦúúÿԼĴܵ˺˵ǸҲϣԪĵһֱʹӰ¡
ʼѾðлδ䣬ֻâڱ̲ðлҡ


1225 ܱ
֮󣬺վͽں֮£ŴΪƻѾƶˣʵУʵз棬ŴҪǿںյģϾջЩ鲻㣬ΪһģŬѧϰС
Ҳûţʼæһ¡
Ϊô֣л̸Ķҹɣаһ£ҲһֱɵĽУʿ⣬һʱҲˣںյĸĸּȻУһļˡ
ԳȻͲǷϻҪʵԵĽչ
ǺڶԴȤУѡλҲＯŵ֣㡣
ŸλҲ֪Ϊ˰ɣ
ĪΪаɣһ£
һݵ˵м򣬵ûиõһֻأ漰ҵԸó˿Ϊ
յͷЦΪ¡
ʱ¶Ϊ֮ɫɣС˶ڴǷǳȤҲѯʣСû뵽ɾԳ̸£һǷͬСɣСֻ㰡
㻹ǲЦҾϲ̹׵˽̸Ͼҵʱ䶼ǱģڣƵ˷Ѵҵʱ䡣˵òⲻһСȻʽתЩѣǽлᣬٺ
򵱼һ¾ɵˣûȤλˣô˵Ϊ֪ճ棬ǶǻҪģϣΪý̸Уյɵû뵽ջôֱӣת
û뵽ձԤеҪٻýһأҪٵû㹻аЩأҪΪҾֱ˻ؼȥװɡ
һʼվͱЩΡ
֣㰵Ц߯Ҳ޴ˣЩСֻֿԵģ֣մٽ̸֪вҪЩеûģһһ۵̸ˣҲƭǵǮǴĺ
ڼߵЦܹҸͬڴˣⱾǵңͬʱҲǳţǶ֪ˣӳȥһ£ǶںɶԣСˣżϸҲǸеѹ
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˵ǡ˿
Ǻãǿʼ̸¡
ҲûͱˣϾѡģǿ϶ʵģǻͻȻҪ̳аɣҪΪƻЩ˾óףӦ֪˿ó׵֮أ͢Ҫó׽һƽô˿͸Ӵˣ͢ϣ˿һεĺʵһγԡ
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֣Щţ̫һˣҲںǰԼͼġ
ֻǶڳ͢ĴԣлȻԼϵġ˵ͣһ£һұ˵ҲѾ֪аĴ˼ҲԵڲǴ̸͢УЩί̸ҲҪɵǹֻһʷǳͨ˫ֻȡһĻᡣ
˵˵ͷǶԣⲢһϢѹҲûмɵ𣬲ȻĻҲǺǿģǼɵǺգǸϲǴ̸͢Ϊմ͢Ǿû̫ͻմյĻǾǶ̵Ӱ
룬̫ƻˡ⻰ƾôƽȣʵΪԼȡ̸пռ䡣
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֣㼤ĻڲˣұֳΪ֪ûаԵͣôõĴҪ϶Ҳǿ̵ģСʵǲ֪ʲôҪˡ
յһ㣬ٻũ˰Ƕóе
Ҫǲ֣˼ҽضǣΪؽ˰ôܣҲûġ
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٣סټ˵֮⣬ǱӶٻ˼ңһǩ͹֤ЩũȨ档
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Цҷž˵һƱҲԭȸ棬ôũøѵ֮𣿡
ô˵ûҲȥ£󶼸ˣ׬ɶ治֪ǹӶǣǹӶǡ
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ûֹɣǻ˽е󲢲΢ЦҡҡͷֵǣҲҷԣҪŬĽһɻݻ棬˻Ἣƶɣܱߡ
ɣܱߣ
˽һ㶣źա
յɣֻϣٴҲô󣬵˵ʲôǽеһԴ档ɣܱߣɣֵڱеġҾȲ˵ˣʱһ¤ҵһֽɣƤǿֽģͬʱǻὨһѾʵɣƣܱ߲ƻ֯ͬʱֿһǮǲٰ
֣Ŀ⼱ɴ˻棿һľͷľͷ۸Ҳ
յԼлдһУǻ᲻ϵзɣܱߣȡɣļֵեɣͬʱ¤ҵ˿ȻĵƣǲҪǣֻǳ͢һγԣɹû͢ߣӵȨǣҴ˿ĵӦ޵⣬ΪһǱ޴


1226 䱾
չܱߣ֣ǵԤ֮Уû뵽ǰ漸δἰ£ûʲôϵΪǺԼҵ
Ҳò㹻ּۻۣҲչܱչ̸Ϊ˿˹ɶǶģ֣Ҳ׼Ͼϻؾͱһֲܱ߻أ
ոһǳ򵥵ĻشֻҪ۸أƤɣж٣Ҿն٣Ǯ棬ƤЩֽԭϣոı׼ǵϲļ۸ɣҲɣļ۸񣬱Ͼô࣬ܵøҵŻݰɡ
ԼҲһˣҸ׬Ҫ̫̰ģҲǲеġ
ɼˣ֣ȻӦҪдԼȥ
ΪƤⶫ㲻Ҳˣܸʲôһ㶼ˣʲô󣬲ļ۸ҲǲˡɣĻĿǰɣֵΪҼҶɣɣûգҲ䣬Ǯǰ͸ǵģΪǡΪҪǣǮҲأһŪһĶأ̫ˡ
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֣ûǳյ·һ㶼׳ӣһģһģ㽫£ľ˻ǲܵġȴû뵽ձʾû⣬ֻһǰᣬ̫ˣҿԷֵûģ˰ҪеΪص˰գǣԼ棬дһ㣬ǳȥûйӶˣ͵Ǯҡ
ֲҿ԰ֵūȥɻٳɱǲǵɵӡ
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ĳɣһʼ϶ôӳȥǵﹻ
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룬ҺϽƻ˽½еģĻβɱԪȦ˶Ҫˣ£̫˲ôÿռеزǺܶ࣬˿⣬ûҲǺܶ࣬޷㹻ˣô͢Ҳ
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յµǵĪؼ沢
εͷңһĶأҲض˷Եġ
ЦǳôΪ˷ֹؼ沢
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յտɲǽֱˣͨ͢תˣΪղˣ볯͢浣ղԼȨõ˱ôһĻˣǵû沢أΪȨֵøϸˣӵеʹȨ͢Ȩպ֮䡣Ҫ沢Щأ沢Ĳǰյأǳ͢أΪջҳ͢Ҫֻίг͢ǽ͸͢
˵꣬ξʹڷʵҲڳ͢ģҪģǲٽƻĵˣЩڷӰȻתΪԼҵ
֮⣬Щ沢ľǳ͢ء
˵ǡ
յͷΪ͢ûвȥŵЩлɳˡͬˣһˣ͢аݵľǹ֤˻ߵ˵Ľɫ˭м沢һأ͢Ҫģ⳥˵ּ沢תתȥ䵽У͢ҲûʧʲôؼҲû˸߳͢ĻҪˣթ̾ͻ֪͢ó͢άǵȨ棬ԼѾ涨˳͢񣬳͢Ҫ⡣
˼ҲԻ˼֡
ּҴȡǰĽѵղֱӵΪìܣҴƳ͢κǣȫҲǲУʵİЩ˺͵Ķ֣ô͢ԺݲУȻǹ֤˺ͼලˣھǸ˳͢ؼලȨʵǽһǿ͢صĹܿأңջ͢Ϊ͢άյȨ棬Ҳͻӵ͢
ôһƵĻξа
Ƴʱڣ͢صĹܿأǷǳϸģڷǲģֻҵΪҵȫ˽˵ģߣжԲߣЩڳҲǷǳģЩڷʹز֪Ҳֻһֻ۱һֻۣΪǹҵģǷΪ˹أȥͬô
̫ƽҲûǿУʱˣؼ沢Ϳʼ̧ͷˡ
ǳ͢еصκͷִһˣ͢ȻӶյأǰտ϶췴زŲŲʵĻǾͲǵ˭⣬Ҫ֣֮Ͼ˭ûһεˣ׼һһ׼ǰĻʵĻȥ飬㲻ʣҾͲ飬ԱҪеκΣûյأҲԸĽףֻǲ֪ѡ
ھǰա͢໥ƺ⣬ȥ͢ĻƽͿ϶һ
˵ҲͬһĶأ޾ûǶһ㡣κܾĿΪͶûзôأܲӦ
ҲΪѵҲոˣֻһͷʱû˵أΪ˼ҲģֻеӵзǳӵлȨʸȥ̸һüǮҽһĶһٸˣ˼ҶǿҪɲҪΪһĶܹǳޡҽһĶֻһˣô˭Ҫ
ضڳ͢壬޷Ǿպͳΰգһ㣬¿ճԴһ׬Ǯˮƽǰһ󲽳ȥͬʱҲǿ˳͢صļලȨոֻ͢׬棬˶ѣǸˣС̾͢ͿԳǣϾһĶأ裬͢ⲻȥյûб䶯˭ǮǣǶڰնԣҪõԼӦеĻرˡ
˰Σ˰Σ䣬ˣ㽫һһһٸˣܶùܣһ˵ĻֻҪΥԼıƣҲɳ㣬ⷴƣǺǵСˣǱ˭Ҫ޹ŶЩͷۡ
յ¹ˡ
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κ㵯ʲô
ԷʲôҾ͵ʲô
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յд󳼿϶еũģɷûй涨ֻ׼ӵеũ׼ӵеũ˵裬ũҲûʲôֻǹӶأкβɡ
ŻͦеģôһͷðɣԼŰɣ˵ȻüͷˣѧԺǱߺϾҪѧˡ
յͷмա
ε˾ǶˣҲȥˣ֪æĿǰҲΨʺϣ߶һɡ
΢Ѿ׼ˡ˵Ŷ˶٣΢ڿѧһҩһҩȵѵӪѧҪһ򱶣˱Ҫõµͬ⡣
þһ񣬵޻붣㣬һĸɣҪǷˣЩ˵İϷָϻһֵ÷зֵ㵣ţҲ۰ȴҪ䱾Ŷ֪ˣҪ˵ĻСӶնࡣ
㻹ǲ¶ˣյԩĸն࣬£ĪˣһسֻЩѧԱܼȦѣǾͲˣùֲ˳һسҲ룬ǳһҩҪǳɹˣΪƾѧԺ춨һΪȹ̵ĻҽҴǳòһѡ
һѣҲ˵ʧܡ
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εһôûеش𣬵ʧˡ
յʧ˺Ǻܴ󣬱ȥܾˣԱ߰³⣬΢ڻ˳Ÿһҩ
Щëһ·ˣ㾿ʲô
ջشȥë


1227 Ȱ˵
ѵӪѧ֮İ£ƾѧԺҲӭ˿ѧա
ʼѵӪƾѧԺҪΪܵһЩΪƳǷǳעؾ·棬ϾǺѪƵ۹עŵĻ
һյ峿ӭһµ˳ɱѵӪѧҪһЩ
ֻһȺĸߴ׳꣬ŰŹǷȥ
ڿѧˣǵȿˣ
ѵȥƾѧԺô
ֻܲξ޼ǳǰҫģһʼѵӪô˭ϡˣƃҿϵĹ壬ƾѧԺǶҵθڣ˵ȻʼѵӪҵҪѵö࣬Ҫξ޼ǵʵ
ƃ⻰˵ûҪǵȥ˻ʼѵӪ츻ǵӹܱҵɽϻӳư
ʷǣҲô˵ҿȥѵӪģ벻ںգѵӪǱĹǺǴƾѧԺҲǺճ䵱ԺǿɲܴⰡ
ΣǱո˰ɡ˵һͲа֮ڴ㿪ѧẫСӡ
˵öԣŮħͷҵɵ֣ǺյĻߣһûнҪҶЩıƣǾȭͷ˵
һȺ竿ɶǳ¹壬ȫǾˣԺ˾Ӷ࣬ɱȵμѵӪҪ׺Ķ࣬Τٱ꣬ҲǹƢЩ˿һڵ䶷߳ǸɵãΪǵҲУĿȾһԲϵȻͿɡ
ףǲԪҵǼСô
ճŲã̲׾ͼƥǰ۶
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ղ֪ͨôҪѧԱĸҲһҪμӿѧʽǸҪôҪôҲͬһμӣҲ֪ǰһЩʲôˡ


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վסѧԺصأ
ֻܱͻȻʮָǼ۵СӺ
ǼСסȻ
ʮ⼸Сӻͷ˽Ų
ȻһС͵شһڡ
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һίλ磬վסǾվסˣûվסǸûйϵ
ǰǺܹԵġ
Ƿų֪ͨ׼ƾѧԺķΧѵû֪ܵͨ𣿡
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⼸СһۣмһЦűǿ׳ŴƾѧԺȥ
ǲ֪һôԣһһֱעǣǺա
ΪʲôԪһˣô쵰
˵ͻȻǺһЦ룬ãôһүүôǡ

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ֻڴƾѧԺǰһѧԱǰһȺ³ĽѲţûκԹԣΪ»Ҳ൱ϡ
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ƃ̧ͷһֻľϻһƵͼһдż֣֮ÿѧԱԼרλӣһѧԺͱԼλϣ׼߳Ҫ룬Ļá
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ЩȥѵӪļһһĻǳںޣΪʲôûѵӪȥѵӪѧգǾĵһգչϾʹˣѧԺѧһգͲ̫
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һһתȥǰ棬ٳѻȸǺжôֻգ˵ǳҧҲͷֻúΪǴƾѧԺǴʥׯصѧԺҲ˵ӭǣΪһǳׯص£ûʲôֵûֵġ
˶٣ֵǶڽµķеǳ棬ҲΪΪڴˣڿԸǣ޹أֻغˡ˾ӦҪо˵ӣͦΣнֱֹϽ˻һκܳܳ·ҲԶԾ˵ҪҪǣǽµķǵģסǵģгһܹһǲǳΪľˡ


1228 ׾
յԻһļиȾܱ߽ڳҧЩ佫öȻ𾴣ȻҧǾеåҲһֱԾΪûеˣûоսɱǲǵһ黳
ñȷеѧԱͶĿɢȫûо۽㣬·ڿһķ硣
ҪǱˣ϶÷ǳΣǺղͬյڷ¥ʱгɳģȽԼ˵أԸи˵֪ũҳ汲ũСʱھ˵ĸǷǳģġ
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ҧɫ΢΢һ䣬һսҲٹ⣬սһϵеĳŵС
ʤǼ飬ıԣǱ׳
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һ仰ٳһļž΢ķԵΪĴ̶
ǾŰѧԱҲΪ֮ݣΪǺܶ˶ǳ¼壬Ҳкܶ೤սɳȻһ黳Ǻܹܵһݱ׳֮顣
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ѵǸѵֻһʸ͢ȡ͵𣿡
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˼ګ佫ҲȻ𾴡
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ǣջվԭкܶ࣬ҾͲһһ׸ˡǼȻվҾ͵Ϊ¡ҡոѧϰϣܹΪˡôѧĵһգϣܹشңԸԸ⽫׸Һҵİգ
Ը⣡
ŰѧԱߺ
ʵ۾ǰ棬̫ûشˡ
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һѧԱЪ˹غ

ΰüͷСӻǽƻ
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帮Դǵ巢֮ĸ׼ȥ˲Т֮١
Ц˵ǣȷ֮ĸΪγ͢ҪðȥأѵͲ֪Ҫ˵ǲÿһΪսʿǲТ֮ˣ
㡪ǿʶ
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˵գֻܳµ£һֹҪôˣ밡
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תȥž˵ѧԱǼԭ򣬵һҷѾ˵ˣսûʱ䣬ȻûеĻͲӦôʱ䣬ҲϣгһգͷɢĳˣֻΪͷס˫۶ʧܡ
ֻΣҪԭϣǵͷǶԱ¡ҡΪׯصԡ巢֮ĸҵȻ֪ÿŮԶǳҪΪⷢٶÿ˶ǳҪҲôҲܽ׳Լôֻͷ棬ʽǴҳϺͷס
ͻȻڵʺɣǲǲľ˶˵ķ׾񡣡
Ȼǣ
̵ֻǴƾѧԺѧʽΪΪѵһˣʵ˷ǳڴƾѧԺ̵ֻܿĶԴǣѧԺʱͽǿҲԸһϸѧԺ͵СȻҲǿǼͷһ˿ëԸ׸ҵľˣ͸Ӳ˵ˣ˲Ը˿뿪⣬ҲǵĸĸǰԭΪ֪±þĸͬ⡣


1229 ԹТȫ
һ־˵Ǵ˵һֲǶΪͨѧԣܹ˳ĽƾѧԺϲҵǺˣû뵽ջڹôһ¡
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ڡ帮һɴ󳼣޲öι£Ǳ˵ǾڲʩѹҪֹ񹲷ߵΪ
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˵ǵļֵ۹ڼһ㣬ȫͲԸκＫطʵҲڲһҪԭ


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1231 
תүүƣ
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ϷΪǳѿһζҧЦǺǵĵͷֳһԵĳ̴ӣΪأ
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1235 Ǳ
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ѩⷽ츳ΪҲģֻǰûҶ·񾭺յ㲦˼Ȫӿкԣ绢


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˷ܾһ侲֮²ż콥ȡá½Ժȥɡ˵ţԪͻԪܹ賯֧֡͢
һҪĻɵ֧ˣԪ


1238 аѿ
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һ׹ȻʵͦлģģⶼΪã˺ġ


1239 ŷ
ȻԪұයգʵкܶҪԪұסһҹ֮󣬺ֱȥ񰲾֣ټũѧԺľƷԺʿڵһ仰ǡǧգһʱڹҪǣǱֵʱˡ
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հڰ֣ͷͨһ
ңңСھȥ
һͼһӻֲ̿˹С쳤֪ʹݹ٣ʧԶӭʹˡ
˵ʱѾǴ졣
ǱǴӴкҩۣɲҵǣҲˡ
Цȥ
Ŷʹ룬ʹ롣
һ׷ڣĿһɨװ겻׷ģͦİ
쳤һ£ԴϻصõʹĽ̻壬Сϴĸ棬ֲֻܹǰµĹ
𣡡
ָ쳤ǧô˵ڿѽҩ
쳤ɫһ䡣
պǺǵԴϻ֮ͻͽܵˣ۵װ꣬ÿն㰡
ʹʹ
쳤˫һֱӹ˵ϣ޺
бĿһƳɡ
쳤սսվأԶţ֪ǰŵĲˣǶħ
յҽˣ鷳ģȥٵġ
쳤һ±ƣ٣Ҳܵ٣
ԼŰ
ЦȻ㳤úһ㣬Ƕҩ棬ͦнģȥԺҽѧԺƷԺʿ֪ǷԸ⣿
쳤ڨڨʹˣСˡ
Ž׵ʲôʹôæỨչˣ㣬δҲ̫ƵԼˡ

һ̧Ž԰꣬쳤ûи㿪ЦģȻĻҲţֱɻʼҾˡ
쳤ҲǣҪԸǾ͸һֻƵãûеﺫգ̽ʹСȥԺ
յͷʲôҩҲôȥҪǳʲô£ʼҾһŵģʱֿ֮Ǳⲻ˵ģǳ֮ƣ㻹Щ£ʴپһء
쳤նԼָƣæлʹлʹ֮СԭΪʹǰ󡣡
ûѡ
Цڴ֮ǰҵÿıʲôûԺǲӹŵģʲô֮˵
쳤Щ
յߣʲôУһô
쳤ٺһЦҪ˵С˵ĵ֮ĪСǰƳŷ
ŷôһ˼˵˵
ʵһҩСƵĹգһҩĻĥɷ۲ʹ䷢ͣҩ˵ˣǴ涼Ĳʡ£Ҳ˲ҩƣֻҪһҩ̸žƾͷʴ˻ŷ

һʵȥ
쳤ҡҡͷûС
ʵǿнҩ
еãеáҲһ־ƣΪŷҩ˽ҩҲ÷ҩ
ȥơ
ʹԵƬ̡
쳤˳ȥƬ̣ͼһС̳˽
̳ӸǸһҿһŨŨľζӭ
ͦİղ
쳤ٺٵƲ㣬û˺ȣû˺Ǿûɶˡ
רҵ
ָָ쳤
лʹ佱
Ⱥһԡ
쳤һ㶣ʹ㡪˵ʲô
ЦȺһڿЧ


¥
ԪŰ¥ڣͷȥµС
վ¥ϣ䲻ԸȻʲôӣҲʧˡ
Ԫ㶣漴۷Ź⣬ֱ΢΢ţǿɰ


1240 Ůĥ
˺þڵȵգ˺þڰʵ֡
һʿͬʱݺոԪյȻǸ̥
ˣ
ֵԪľ̫ˣֱһʽԾǱȳҪĶ࣬˶¥źգ죬淢һ죬㡪˵˵뵽취ҷأ
յ˵ͷ
Ԫմϲһǰץźյ˫۵ģĪҪƭң
ϣ֣Ҫˣ
յе
ֿǶϲðԪɿǸǸ㡪û°ɣ
˵ţ
ң
ոϽֹ

Ԫո߾˫֣ɵǺǵЦš
ոҶ췢ģδôԪա
֪
Ԫմ֣ɬ
ӣԼɣ
ԪնһֻϷһײȵܷɣ
Դǲⶺˣûҷķװõͼ
ͼŶŶŶԶԶԣͼ
պվԪյԪյ¹ܺ˵ʲôģ£ͼһһǳ򵥵װãԪҿе񣬵ʵǻ
Ҳһܷɻ
Ԫտͦ򵥵ģҲ˵ã˵˵ôɡ
ԭ
ʵԪ̫ϲҰԭ£ɲϸǼ˵ͷͷǵϲ񣬲ûˮոһ˵꣬ʱȥɣ
յ＾ˡ
ΪҪȵ＾ڲô
ȣУҪһЩʱ䣬ż򵥣ϾҪϿյģһҪǳι̣ôסΣҪ磬Ϊʵģ＾ҪˣαؼһʱˡʱһԸʾԼ裬֤㳩ڿа裡
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Ԫһӣҵ÷򣬹˼ôûоư
Ҳȥƭˣ֮հһΪͻߡ
ôôԪ˷ܵҶҪ㸡һףþȥ
ռ䲻Ըվȥþơ
ûһƱ
Ԫ̳԰ﺫյһְԼһȸΪ
˵ţһ
΢΢һ˾ٱҲһ
ٸһ
ˮԪպȣҲôɿڵġ
պܷܵĸһ±
Ƹոǣ˺硣
վСҰôأ
СҰֻǿ
ջͷԪյԪе£տ޷㾡ˡ
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Ԫպ⣬վһִںյļϣԵúӣǷɹ֮ٺúʹһ޹顣
յͷʼգֵĶ䵭
ԪնԹЦţֻܷɣĶν
һͬµľݣúţպһ΢ԪպȻգգֻۣ˻ͷǰĺգơ
飡
˵һ룬ͻȻſȥ
ջعߵԪձϣԪԪôأƣȻ󼱼СҰСҰ㻹ȥСգ£СҰŶһȥ⵱Ȼ̽ϾԪϼ޻Ҳ̽ͷԪջſһڷǺǵû뵽ɣʵװã뵽ˣһֱȵգΪſǰߺߣе濩


Ԫշ·һܳΣһƬϸ壬ૡ
Ȼƺʶʲô˫һͷһһŮӹſؿڣ˯š
ԪտɲǳأֻգգۣСƫͷȥ뿴ŮӵģȻ䣬ҡţӰǰǽϻ˻Σ͵ػعͷȥֻվλٸһﲻкᣬίжܲ

ԪȻ
ôأ
ſؿڵŮҲ˹һڻվˣҲ
Ԫɣ
һλ콿ĵٸҧгݵǵҲˣȴǣ㽫ǵʲôˡ
һĽС磬ȴʧԲٸţԪɣ̫ˡ
ᣬᣡ
Ԫ˶ɵģ÷磬Ҷ֪ô¡
ٸҧгݵɱ⸺ɣ֪жŮ˻ϡ
˵ű৵һԪա
ĺ
Ԫһץ쵲ȥ󺰵ĺƣҽͰ

䣬һС
Ů˫أ
ٸһŮˣģһ㣬һ㣬Ҫ׷װνԪա
ԪҪ֪нգƲǹġ
ǹŮŵø˲ʲôһѣؿڣſȥ
Ԫո˲ҪŮ˵Ĺס壬ܻ֣һһ̬ű쵱һ߷ڸס壬ĺƣס֣ҽͰҪңգһǺǸ˵ϣˣҽͰ
ݶĶ¥ϣվһһŮעڵĵ⽣Ӱ
⵶ۣǻȥֹǰɣ
Ԫĵźļ
𰡣ùˣæԪ֣ܻ˵Щٸһյȥţ̸˹ɼǷǳϲԪģҲʹɱֵģ㿴㿴Ԫһڶ㣬˲κΣյģҲԵѵˡ
˵ţһƵĵ⼸Ůˣòۺɶһģһǳ˼ҵģôϲ簡
ԪĵõƳۺգ˵ҸܲôҲ֪
£漴׹Ҳ˵粻ãֻԸ񡪡
ԪĵҶ˵֪ˡ
Уû˵
ֻͷڣֻƹƹҵ㱼䣬·𿴵¡Ԫĵѩųһ£ҪͬôҿûԪյְ
Ŀռ䣬ԪնùǺĺƣǹˣٲֵͣĻҿҪˡ
Ǽãղ
Ƿˣ
ԪպȻһƳȻһֽ˦պסŮߣץԼĿӣŴһԾڿзһͷͽӸˣ˳˫ȥ⶯Ҳֻó
һ졣
ķѣһء
Ԫճأ˲ҿסξܣûͼǰվӰСޣ
СޣЩÿ
Ԫռ
ֻһ۵ҵ
Ԫһɲûҧסͷ˵ʲô
һ۵ŮҽԪҵ𣿡
ʱڴ
Ԫջͷڣֿ˿СޣͻȻ˫ȭһԼԴȻһƨȥ˫ס΢΢
ǸŮֵ㻹ûʴˡ


1241 
Ԫұ
ڣԪԪ֡ԪסԪȵϼһȫˡ֮⣬һˣ˾һŰԪգֻͷϣǵͷģԼյ˺ָܶɽ
ˮϣϣ¿лϣˮ˾ϣʷǼСɶǰûа䴵꣬ϵرɶȥȥѣǺǣ簡
ԸʵԪҲδ̬Ԫգ̲ס٩
ֻԪյ٩ˣٱ˵٩ǲˬ̧ͷҪ˵ٱ飬ⶼǺչҵģףǲȥʷɣﳰЦңǲҳ
ѽջСֶԪ̲Ŀźա
⡪⵱ȻƵİԪּ⡪ģ󲮣һң㿴ӥ۾ôң۵һˣ֮⣬˭͡
һôԪ㳵Ҽǵúǰ㣬棬ɱԪң㵹ãרЩҹ㣬һǵĳĸ鰡
ԪƵ󲮣⼸궼ڳûгȥֻĺƵʱ֪ģҲǵһؼӥġ÷ĺӣ治֪ǻ˾뿪ˡ
Ԫ׺Цɶ㻹ǹ˵ģƻֹɡ
ԪûĲһֱҲһ˶㼸ʱ˵ԼǾˡ
㻹Ҷ죡
Ԫ˫Ŀһɡ
Ԫƫͷȥͷƽʱ治̫ˡ
ʱһܼ˽үүСˡ
쵰
ԪٿȻ۴
£
ԪŭһԻģҺҶ㡣ϲŭ޳Ԫգе顣
ԪˣòԪ֮£˫Ŀ͸׹⣬ԪպҲδŪǱ
Ԫɿǽɡ
һձߺԪĵ˽
Ԫһգȭͷյø죬ҧгݵСˡ
վ㵵Ԫγ԰ףԪôأ
ѽѽҪɱ㣡
ԪնҪˣһйĶ󣬺ѡ
磬ס֣
ԪĵϽںǰԪԪĵȻ뵽СóԪĵԶᣬĬǺĵģȴ֪ʼԪĵҺϱġ
ôԪĵԼǰ̫ˣߵǰԪҪɱңôҲøһɰɣ
Ԫմһָ˵ûھҩ
һԩʲôЦΪʲôҪھҩҷ𣿡
Ǳ
˵һ룬ԪͻȻɲסԪĵ
ղʣʲôԪ㵹˵㰡
С֡Ԫյ÷򣬺ããã¾ꡣ
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ԪͻȻգվô£
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ԪŭЦСӹݣ
̫ˣ㣬㻹˵Ȼ
ԪֺǺǵɶ˼ҺնûȾƣҪƺȵģջ˵ھҩοܡ
У
Ԫһ֣Ҳ˵ˣˣԪղ䲻ˣҲ׷ˣ»ٱȹǡ
ԪĵͷһؿΪֵԪվȻձƵϣⶼúǾȡ
ֻûˣһĨЦ⡣
ԪɵĿۺգˣգôˣ
ϺԪղҵɫұĵ̸̸оֵ£ԺǱѾ׼ˣƺ˼λɩѰ˼ҪҪȥݻһ¡
ԪֺǺǵͱȥˣûпɶô
Цǿˣͦвθеġ
ԪסԪֵЦ
ԪѾˣͷ￪ʼѰ˼αˡ
ˣԪһˣ侮ʯ̫ãǿ¸ô죿
Ԫ̵󲮣ӥǿɶֶ˼ô
Ԫöˣ㶼˼˼ҹ¶ĸô꣬໹ʲô˼ġ
ԪյԶԡ
ԪЩŮ˿ɶǳҴ壬ȻѲѽǻش
ԪĵͻȻ߲ôܲٽǹ¶ĸϳȥɣΪôŭǵļ塣
Ԫͷĵ˵öԣס°ɣ취ǵļ幵ͨ
Цҵи뷨
ұ죬ҵֲ⡣
Ԫյŭ
Ӧñ죡Ԫݺһɣֳźյգʲô취˵
Ц֪ЩѾûˣлѾˣɼǵҲòôԪڴչ鼰ȫβһ鷢ƣ͵Ǹһôֲһ¡
ˡԪŭźա
ЦǮŶҾ
ԪȴǵͷҵǾúԿеġ
ôվСߡ
ⶼΪ˭ֲ
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Ԫƫͷȥһһ˵²ͷλԼλ÷ģֲǰйǹһǼ֪ΪǵĸĸǼǹûȥǣа취
ԪҲǣ˱Ͼһ˾ˣ£ḻǵʱ˵ɡɶȥúðһǣô˵˼ҺӶˣԪôͳôһ˶
֪ˣԪպܲ͵ĻӦһ
ԪбĿһƳգһЦơ
ЦϤ㡣
ܷһ֣Ҳһ°
Ԫҡͷ뿪ˡ
ԪĵЩǵĺܣʹ˰ݵġ
Цģò˼գͻҵġ˵ţͻȻԪĵ֣Ҫæ

ԪջصԼĴԺ˼סСԺΨסԺĴԺԪҪסĵطҪĶ࣬ΪԪұԪյģһжǰϲýģԺӿ϶ģʵԪǰסģԼ԰֣Ǻ֮󣬿Ͻƻסִ֣ԪҲǣΪһЩ£һ궼סԪұ
ֻʱòٸЩ
Ԫմ˽ҿ˿ӥˣ
һòٸЩֶȥˡŮлȵ¿лϡ
Ԫյͷִֵ𣬲ﱾǵļңǧҪҴȥѡ䡣
˭ϡסѵûмôдġ
ʷĺƺߵ
ҶͼʮˣЩŲдãαҵš
ûα죬ǲǴҲˣⱡСˡ
ԪüĺƣôˣԪһҵ֮⣬ֻҴ˵ķݣδ˴Ѿ⣬Ż˱ҴһԪһǱһաʶҵĵһ𣬾֪һϲܵκξˣȻĻҲ㣬㵱ȴúסңڲԭϣҲǲ㣬ǲҼ㣬ڻǾ仰ҪڲԭϣܣԪгһձסˣҾԸȥ
ȻǾԵĴ壬ǾŮ޼ɵֻƾһö񣬸֪Ǻ
ԪɣǺúİĽС˾ͻȻ֪ЩιôұҼϳţĽ㾹Ȼ˵ûĵĻ
Ԫյǲ֪֪Ϊǵʱˣңֻһž뿪ˣΪǶѾˡ
ûи㣬ĺƸˣǽأǵĸԸģҲûʸԹʲôǿţҲǾġغ÷ᣬȴƽ
ԭǶ֪ԪһˣһɷȻҪŮǿ϶Ҫɻ飬ƳֻȢһӣȻԪյޣҲԪһĸȥˣԪպ֪ܶģȢ˭Ҳһ⣬ǳŴ󻧣ﻹǺܸ߰ģȻ˴һֱʼҪԪȢǡǷǳĬѡ뿪ԪգΪԪҪȢǣԻǣҲΪʲôǿһţ̸˹ʵһֱڵԪա
Ƕû뵽ԪѹûдȢǣԪȻǣԸΪǷܲǣԪվԸκζԼҪ޾ж˵߾ߵģⷬسȫΪԪĵҲΨԪĵڳϼ꣬ԪһҲ޷ȻԪһͲΪԪԪһиѣǸףԪմûо׵ΣϷŪԪһǡԪԼҲԼɶˣʴʱΪغ÷ǿ϶ǾԼʹˣٸϴҪˣֻܷ뿪
Ԫֱףԭǵ뿪ǲϣСԼʱһھθӿͷ
˾һ˵һЩļԽԽס
ԪŮ˿ˣ̾˿ҷô˵˵Ҫǣô˵ҵĴҶԲǣҺܶʱҲƲסԼֻ˵ǰ¾ȥˣ֪Ϊ˶ص¶֣ҺúôǣǻǰһĵĻš


1242 
Ԫһҩ
ǰǺܹʹࡣ
ľͲ˵ˣһ̫̬ˣΨһܹľֻܼȥӮ㣬ҲܵӮ㡣
˵ǱȺҪһ㣬ϾйݵĿֻ֣˵ԪˣĺѴгԪվԵĸ˧˫ȫһ𣬷ǳаȫУϵرֻҪڣǾͲҪ£ܹԸΪ˸ȨᣬҵôһΪԼˡ
ǣԸ⸶ԼɣҪͱҪ־޶С浽ϣҪͣ
ŮʼŮˣͽϣܹ޷Эġһ㣬԰ռԪգڶضΪ£ԪԼһˣʶŮˡ
Ԫյĺֻֻ֪ЩŮûдԪҪһǱֶסеĴߴ٣ֻ˼ˡ
ȻˣȻ֤ǻԪգҲûа취뿪ˡ
ҲŮͣ˼ʲôѾˣ֪һ˰ռǲܵģǺβ໥Э֪Լ⣬Ҳ˽Ԫܲñ˱ȣҹҲˣҲˣҪټȥҲ½ԪոƼˣ͵òʧˡ
ԪԼԵûз϶Ĺ򣬾ͽǺסˡ
Ԫվ磬ʽԪұ³ԱյȻҲϯˡԪʹԪգŮ˿ڷԪշǳŵĸ˱֤
ҲģΪ֪ԪںԪĵԪվ˺Ԫĵ¡
ҲԪĵԱԪԸ£ֻϧԪĵǳңϲ鷳ˣ򲻵ѵ£ʲô¶ԼЩı䣬Щǿʼˡ
ʷĺҲֵķǳݴ󷽣ûʲôεģȻ⣬޷ģȷЩˣͲСˣӶˣҲͲںЩˡ
ԪҵҲʾǳӭǣϾǶǻھΣջǲ
յͦĽԪյģŬУԪܹͬʱҲܹԪմȥܶʹ࣬н꣬Ϊգôܵ˽
һ硣
˾硢غ÷лȵŮԪұĴϤһԪұĻǵʱ򣬷˾˵һĻֻڳæµţԪĵһԣź졣
Ѿ֪˺յĵϸĺС磬ͬƷƸּ¼һҲ
Ҳùˡ
³ʲô
ûѧԶҳô
Сüλɩɩ
ԪĵˣæȻЩŮδ棬ֻǱֵ÷ǳأΪ֪ԪҿǷЩŮˡ
ҲϽʺá
ŮûЩӦɩɩĳƺԵЩɬǷһ
غ÷Ǻգ㡪ڸʲô
ЦͰ
˾ûɣҪ³Ͱɣ
һЦԼҪġ
ΪΣ
ô˵ˡղ˼ĿԪĵԪĵߺĲ˼˵ѰҵķޣиŮ֯бͻкܶ໥ͨ鶼ǳҪáЩ˼ҵķޣҪغ֯ҲҪΪνײԽƽʱĽͻǳ١
޽ĭеһЩ֮£øøȶϣܹ뵽еһЩ֮棬ȻĻͬİ·Ҿһǳѡ񣬶Ů˸ƺȻģ˸ŮĻõĸжǲǸһЩһˣҵȻϲ󻯡⣬һ֮ڳҷǳܸĵһ͵ա
Ԫĵ˵ûУ
պǺһЦ˵ˣ˵ˣλɩɩȥˡ
غ÷ԿԪĵǳĽǿȥˣ˺뿪ˣŮˣզô
һߣԪĵ̵ôҸɲһܰڲˡ
պǺǵƣգΪָᡣɱСŮ˵ı¡

峿
Ǹʲôѽ˯ʱΣǾȻȥˡ
ԪմŹǷվڳſڣԸȥ
ɲô˵֮ǰΪǷַֺϺϣΪֻһζ׷绨ѩ£δ̤̤ʵʵӣǶСˣҲȶ
ȶҲһҪɡԪұ⣬ҪôѪбޣҪôճȺҪ֪Ų˵նͷᱻЦȥ
˼Һ࣬ԸΪĵ³㲻һѡʷĺƻĴԪա
ʵغ÷лȵǸϲ˸Ԫճԣܵ˺յǾԼԪգֻз绨ѩ£Ҫѧιӡ
ĺƣ㡪ȵȣգҲǸ˵ôһҪԶСӣСĻԣŲõġ
ʹˣЩ˿ɶ˵ˣվ³Ϊĵͣɲǿġ
ԪɣΪô࣬ȴйκԹԣΪĸһٷȴģɼûнǷϡ
ˣˣ㲻ԸˣһжԸģԹ㣬㲻Ƿʲô

ˣˣһٷôľͿ޿ôʲôֻ῾⡣
ѧ
Ҫѧǲɣ

ڳһתǴӰ
յƼûԤƵһ
Ԫĵһۣ
Ҳô߹ġ
ţ
ŶûʲôȥԪģһֻҲԪóͷӰɣ

Сո磡Сո磡
СͯЬ
պͰ׵ԪһȺƤ֣벻Сոȥ԰档
Сո磬˵ô
ֻҪҵĻҾʹȥ
֪СոкηԸ
Ǵ
Сһ׷׸ȥ
Ƕ˼䡣
ԪǿɶǱԪѵģĿ⼱ظСոĺˣСѲǵġ
ЦӦ֪ģҶһֱġ

ʱ֡
ҴӸ˵һǸ
ն԰ֵһǰŻп
һϸչ˻Ԫĵź⻰Ǻ⣿
յЩ޵ʱȴ㣬Ȼʧɫ˵ԼʱҾбҪ˵һǸ
Ϲ˵
Ԫĵ΢΢һۣȴƮƣȻҲΪá
ʱһŲתͷһûЦֻԪտųͷɥλ֪˽
Ԫռǿ̰ͷ¶һܵı飬λ֪˵Цģ·ڸߺգԸģǱƵġ
ǲûдźպԪĵǲԪĵͺմǣԪҵ԰㹻ѡԼԪյȻǸ
Ԫĵ̾ǲ˼顣
԰海һ磬Ԫֻǰƣ̱ڴ棬ź֪ǿֵ죬ȴ˫Ŀ

ֻԪӥԪԪС˽
ԪոϽԪڻÿô
Сޱ˱죬ˮž;ۼۿ档
Ԫյôأ˭۸ˣߵǱ𡣡
ۣ
СͻȻ
ԪӥСеϴ裬ûУۡ
ƨԪСӳҶ飬ôܰϴ衪
Ԫɣôǰش³
ǡ

һʱ
ֻԪյˮǴͷʪš
һԪ㲻ǰҵЩֶϴȥôôԸϴˡ
죡
ԪǺݺݵ˺һֳۣŰʷĺǿȥɣʵǸ㲻ҶҪˡ


1243 ǽ
ǰϦ춼ǻɵģֻһӰԪұ͵͵漴һҰ޵ٶԪұ
Ҫٴȥҷǵȥɱĺƣ÷Ҳܹ壬ʵûǾͰԪұס£ôܲµģСҲһˣ㿴öߣ׳
ԪһΪԼŽڣһԪұ
ҲѡԵԸЩëƤ£ʲôˣأСϴ裬ܵˣɱҪҪܣʼʩĵ·һ·Ϊغ÷ǺߣΨһİ취Լߣӹŵ˲䣬ȥ
ǰˡףЩ죡ĺƣѽô⡭
Ԫţ֮䣬ǰԱվˣνǷʻݣλּ֪ǰ£һæĺƣ磬Ҫʲô
˾΢΢ƫͷ㲻Ҫô
Ԫü̷Ӧ˹õٸЩϷ֪ޱвҵġ
Ůһﲻ벽ǰߡ
ϼ޻Ԫﲻ֪ǱԼȥؼЩŮǰǷǳ߰ģ֪ûԪô޳ܣҲδƹݵĻǰʷĺƣϧüʿͼԪգջǹһŮ˶ǰʾԪղӦҲǿҪǵһء
ԪҲ֪Ǻá
ðɣҸǻȥˣ
ԪսһӣĿ̾˿룬Ѿҵĺ֪ˡ
Ů໥ʹ˸ɫ¶Ц⡣

ˣ
˭
Сãң
֨ѽһŴԪĵſڵԪգʵ磬𣿡
ԪĿһƳЦе˵仰
Ŷ磬롣
˵ͺ˵䡣
Ԫĵüһ壬ǵĿ˺һۡ
Цŵͷ
Ԫĵгǳȥ
Ԫսűһźϣںն棬湻ûУ
ȻûУֻ׶ΡպǺһЦ
ԪŲԶͣòͷ
ҵȻԪҾԪ㲻ôմһЦȣΨа衣ΣҲΨһ÷һ縺ű½ҵΣڹ˽㲻ôҵġ
ļˣһѪ
ԪۣЦһǵ͹㡣
нյĽЦԪҾðɣܻвңĸ԰Ұûж𰡡ҵʱҲû˵Ҫȥ㣬һֱ̣һֱڵһᡣԪҲΪôҪԼĸˡһкֶܶûʹˣⳡϷעģϾǷ˲ٵծ
Ԫҧгݣŭźգ۶գðΣһҪǰɣӷ㵽ס
΢Цδ㻹ѡء
գվͻȥˡ
ԪҲнգЦˣûУ˵˵
һص̸·⼸յȤ£¿ǴСԪģԪܻˡҲǺΪʲôҪҪ³ĳһڶ
շ˷ۣżգѵûô
µʲôȻǳʤ׷Ԫչǰġ
˵ŮԪһӣҲѽұƣһٶЪ˥ͷϣҵȻܸӲӲȵʿȥŪһЦԪǰ֮ҸеģΪûʲôǣҡͬˣҪϷŪ׾١
⵹ҲǡµͷźϧδҸᣬҲҲȥ£ַԪգ𡣡
ָҵ̨ʡһתԸĵô
ƲƲ죬û
ˣ
ʲô£
½㣬񰲾ˣ˵ҹүм¡
춼ôˣϣֳʲô˰ɣ£ҵȥ

ոճţͼվǰ߶š

ʹˡ
ʲôأ
һʱǰ츻ĹۺѲʱ⵽Ϯ
ʲô
վȵôأ

㵹˵
ûʲô󰭣ǴͽֻǽǴȻŵ񰲾ǰ
쵰
ʹ˵ʲô
Ŷûʲôȥɣ
񰲾֣츻ǶȻܵһ㾪ţǷǳɥûпͽŮģˡ
ҲͷҷԸΪһܣܴȥҪȥʼҾ󽫻һǧɡ츻ǵȻ̴Ӧ̫ˡ

գ
Ԫұ
ԪնΧ棬˫ĿĿŲԶһһʨ׷
֨ѽһ
ԪĿ΢΢һƳȻջĿ
Ƭ̣˽һͱľŵˣֻڸһͷëʨ׷𣬾һĹѾǼˡȵڸʲô
㲻֪ûбҧĻԪյ
ЩӣùˡԪգԪ𣬻ʼҾɲһˣǿɶʽĹԱһǱµˡ
ʲô֤֤Ҹɵġ
ôȥһ׽סģҶԣǺѡ
㲻ôġ
ƾʲôô϶
ΪҲҽӽȥιʨӡ
ԪбĿһƳ
ҶգΪԪĵɷ򣬻һִٳɵģͬԣҲҶԪնģΪԪԪĵ״硣
ףֻ֮ôܳٳȥ
֪ΪʲôСԶʤĵ𣿾ΪСҲϲסԪζЦ
յ˵ɣ
ֹͣĵİϷ
ģ
ЦӦ˽ĵֻĵİϷΪʲôҡ
Ԫһüͷ漴ЦҲĵ
ðɣ
յͷҲҪңҪù˵ңȻĻ»վ±ϵĿɾͲֹˣڶָƣһкֶܶζδʹԪҪô㣬Ҳͷ۵ģϾԪʵ̫ˣֻʱԺ͡
Сӡ
ԪպĿһɣЦһΪ˵̾˿ʵҲôҲҵ磬һʵǽҵ˾ҲŻô˵һˡ
Ц䣬ϣҰŶûУծнбĵ
Ҫ㡪
𡪡
һ˻öͬʱ԰ڡ
ֻſڼɽϣͷʨΧżɽҫ
ûϢ
Ԫҡҡͷϵһ˹ȥӳȥʨˣϾļһҪ


Χ棬ۣдԼʨץ˵˿ڣԪûкУֻһˡ
ϵĺգǲΪʲôҪô
㲻֪
Ϊ岻ڴˡ
ʲôأȢòޣܳ޼ɡ帮ˣȻλ˳Ȩ㳯Ұǡ𣿡
ǰÿ˶Լ׷ĶҲˡտЦһҲʦˣϰ߶˼䡣ôҵø˵һллллαҡ
Ժûл˵𣿡
ⷽԭ򡣡
ʵԪ
֪ǼһҲǳĿɶ񣬲𣿡
ǿǻ˸еġ
ҵΪʲôôԭˣ޹غ


1244 ֮ʦ
ӪݣҲǺһ
ס˶ɶˣƳʱ廹ǱȽǿģΪȶס壬ȡ⽻ߣԵ·ˣĮϳ߸ΪĮĶ
ѾΪ˹߾ĴӪ
Ǵµĸ·ΪҪڶ֮ǰͽս;ضʳƥãΪǲδʲôĿǰҪģãҹ̣ܿӪݣӪݵĽˡ
ݴ˷սļƻǲԭʿģֱӴˮHһǧʿټϳǧӣʿʵƳûغôӣϾ˿ڲ࣬ȫ£ҲʮӣʮֻǴоũƽʱڼҸأٵÿʵʮƳԣѾģˣʮƳǲܵġ
Ƴѽ಻ʤаսƳս嵹ǺԾ;ϮսҲҪ̫ľӡ
˧ǧʿѾ׼˧ʹ
ֻһʮ꣬Ƥһ񡣴г߸磬Ǵ죬ͳ˲ҲĮĶ񵱳շģڶһ㶼Ϊط٣ʵƳʵʹϽȨ
ͬʱƤʾȫִ֧ơ
˷ֱǺˮHĩH죬ͰHҪһ߲岿ȽףΨڴƵģʵǾ˵档ǺڵĻһǳЦǱһһ壬ɶԺԭĵˣǶڴƣɼ֮ǿʢ
һҾǷǿ󣬹ؼڱĶ٣ͶͱƳⷽҪʤڴ󺺵ģǿһ㶼ǱԭǺ⽻ƳĻرȻڹеǴģͿԴκǱڵ˵ֱܱӷٶȶԵ˽дΪ峼ƣǳɺЩ嶼ս˶ԱҲǷǳ졣
ͷһɽǳªġɳ̡ı
˧Ǹ߾ȪͳرޣҲǴƣ³һرأԼĪɸ߾Ĵ󽫶¦³ǣǽɶȵͻ³ǵķء
߸ǵһ߾ĳǳض붼ɽҪ³ǣ°
ǰҴ߾ǰկֻҾս֮սĩΪб³ǣϲߡѦʹͻȻվ
ͷʹ֮ԣҲǱ˧롣ʹΪõΣ
ѦʹɺӵĻѻҪɺӣ밵ɳ²֡ĩԸǧĶɺӣȽ³ǵؾڻҴɺӣȻҴɼƱƹ³ǣܱ߳򡣡
ǧ
߸³ǳڿɾ
ѦʹЦھڶ࣬߾Ȼڶ࣬Ҵƣ⻹ǻᵨӵģһ㣬Ҿܹס³ǵ
߸һH𾪲ѣǧΧļ̳ǳأڸЦô
ȴЦΧ³ǣǧˣٶҲ޼¡˵˶٣ʹĶɺӣǿöɺҾأȸһ
ü˧˼ǴװɺӣѻѦϣло
ͷǵúúüƻһ¡˵ЩHʿڣȴͳһȣֻҪŽһģ˱㲻Ϊǡǻ챾ɽHǱˮʦʱټáɽHľӱضԮҴ³ǡһһȡóɹȪʧȥټúͰɽHЭ£ҲģһὫرǰߣһΣɽ⡣ǣǱҪֹ߾ķˣǲܸǽʲô壬ÿ·ӱдĻͣ˧ϣҴ֮һǴݲ
ݲ
һǿɾǻĽ
С˧ʧʵ¡ȡŪģԹذտ϶ܵǳ˺
Цÿԭ߾ͲȡҰ֮ߣյÿɱǶˣǾͲͷˣǰˡ⣬˷н棬սپҷ־һ²á
߸кȻ˵õľ֮أ
ʵҲûа취£ֻӣľǻսܻȥŪ²㲻ɱ˷²ǵʱɱ㡣
ò˶ôƾ˱߾һصȻܹǶ٣Ҳû߾ڴƣϾѪͷŵһȥɡ
ʲôģǵȻӪȻʳֻսʳ϶ϣֻսս
ȵսƻ֮󣬳߸Ǳȥپӡ
񡢸٩һɽҵ
ǵ˧ǴҪ߾ģɱ¾ֻ»õذճҴƣʱҴʱǿľѻ
ǣβ֪˲߾ʵ̫ˣܸ߾ӰҪԶʤҴƣҴƶԣõĽˮݣ˴˳ӣܱ֤Ҵƴʱ˲᲻֧ǣͳʱһҪ֮һѪ𡣡
ĩˡ
ȻƃæƱ˵ʱȴ֪ǵĶʱӡ
ƾѧԺ
Ѿʱˣٳ͵ѣֻĸѧԱϰ벽ߣػأﺰţһһһ
ĸƃʷޡ̲ףԼԪ͡
ĸһߣۿתҧûԼ¡
Ƿǳ
棬ҵǶڱɪɪһֱ߶ţүүҪЩ쵰쵰
֮һᴫ
Źȥð
ʼѵӪҲûбôңɺơ츻Щ˻ǹúܲ
ǾѧԺ棬ûһúõġ
ƃһʼЩ̹٣ʮ̹ٶѪԲԷ㲻ܲôͷôͷֱӽңҵķǴҳʣ˵ģ˭Ķӣһ˿涼ҪһͷҪĺˮ
ܶѧԱѵĵڶվͱˣҪؼңǲܻأΪѧԱȫգǽ첻Ӧеز顣
һĻ
һеʼٸߣʱȪ棬ò
ҤС
ѰѰ٣壬ҲݡէůʱѽϢյƣ缱ҲģȴǾʱʶػƻѻ˭ժŴúڣͩϸ꣬ƻ衢εΡεڣһ˵ã
ʯϣᳪзḻ
սȥأȪ棬΢΢ҡͷ·ڻζ
ʹɫ
ðΣͻȻЦ벻ôΪһ״һ൱ƽʱҲô
ôˣΪҪҳ
⵹ҲǣϾҲһ㡣
һۺյĺףֺ״ô
˵ǣҲ˵ǡ
ǾǣǱ㲻ǣҲǡ
յʣҲݣôֹ۵ˣôܻдôĴһŮ˼ŴúڣһˣŴиʲô£
Ǳ㲻дá
˵˭дã
֪
Ȼд˵ŻһתֻҵѧĦ˼дһ״ʣ㷽ųǲǺܺڵľ
þȲѣ黹дʡ
òϣһ״̫ľҲΪΪʲôôͶ롣
һƷĹ¼įҪ˵дãܶš
ò˵װЩˡ
Ҳ͡
ҲҪţֻҪ㳪
˵ţպԤ׵վ
ǱһǸ¶񣬽ƫȥѾΪͬƷ֪߳ܡ
ǸҲ֪һֱڶҡ
˭ˡ
㲻ң˵ʲôûʲô
ʣ½ˣɴ졣
ղɾӣӣ棬˿̹棬죬޺Цһ̶ȴ͵øУ㲻Ūˡ
棺˯ҶԣŪˡ
˰
ҡҡͷҾͰһΰ
ꣿ
ŵ
԰ʼ磬Ҳҡ
ҡ
أûô˵
պǺһЦģ벻ûйϵ
ͻȻһңٺЩķı
ȻǸ㰡յΪ㻹ݳôּøı䣬ûʲô۵̥ǣȻĻɾ鷳ˡ
澪ȵ֪û̥ǣ

ҲȻӦСܹı䣿
Ҫоģûʲôǲܸıġ㽫ͷתȥҪҡ
ɵĿһۣȻͷתͷȥ
ȿȿȣ
ʺ󡪡ʺ޺㰡
ûһ͵תͷ𾪵źա
ЦϲĻҿ˵ԽԽƯˡ
һЦ򴽵²ûô٬˵ţɫȻɱ٬ҲԸô塣
յҲñ壬㿴¶ô˼ҶңҲ˻Ƕ֮˾Ƹɲϣ±壬лᡣ
Ͳܰ˵һػô
һ䣬ʵ㣬
濴źյεһô飬ŭ˵ˡ
չһЦ
ŭõһۣǺġ
ģ𹦷ǳ۵ѧҽ㰡
ĿɿڴԼЩˡ
Ҫ˵ģ¯࣬ʵõĺ٣ΪøĻԼݣյҽ쵱ԱǴѧĽǶ˵ÿְҵص顢ܹģñܲ˵Ա˵㲻ܽĸԱĸܲȥԱȣƵļʶٷ֮һϰʱ򣬾ѡһնģ¶Էоֹ˲ͬǣֱģܹٽ״̬ƭʱǾԼ
ǡѲѣѧô⻹ȤѾմݲеˡ
ѧᣬѧĻһھȫ¶ˡ


1245 Щ

ۣ
վǰڵ΢΢ͷǹŹֵЦˡ
ܺЦ𣿡
ջعͷȥޱĿ档
Ŵֱҡͷȴһֱڳ顣
ͻȻߵΪ˭Ϊ㣬ܲһ㡣
ҲΪʲôҪҪ
ķϰʵıģҪѣֻ취ҪôɤӸˣҪôøãѡ֣
ȻǺߡ
͸ʶ
Ŷ
ٸѧһ飬ѧ֮һ˾Ϳȿȿȣ
ۣ
Уϰηûϰηƨ㲻Ҫ۵ġ
һģǶġ
յҲûģֻ˵˵ѣ㻹ѧģһΣҪٲúѧĻҲýˡɡ

ۿһ㶼ҿҲû˭ˡ
ֱۡ
ֻʮίЦɺִߴɹˣҲǡġҪ㽫ɸң֮ϰ
ҲֻˣϢһ°ɡ
òᣬƣƣ
濴ģĪھΣԹԵøһơ
ž࣬Ұ˼£̾Ǿ仰
ʲô
ľɵҲ

ûյȷḶ̌ʾЦҲϰˣһգôȥöѽٹ꣬ҶҶ
㶼ɫ˥ˡ
ɫ˥
ʲô˼
ҡԣҲûдÿ˶ϵġ
̾˿Խ͸ˡ
˵أҲǼˡ
һۣ㣬˭ᡣ
Ȼҡ
˭Ư

벻ѾԱ
Ȼң
Ⱥ˵꣬ȵ
һЦΪʲôϲ֪¶ϲǷڱ¸̫ξĳͻ֮ǰҺ㽫빬еġ˵ʲô
˵ʲô
Ȼ˵һٸءŶҵ˼ǣϲһŮˣ򡣺ñȹӣЩϲɬһģЩϲ͸ģȻǺߣƼ꣬ȵ͸ˣٳȥ£׼°빦еʱѵ
ĺ޲÷˵죬оԼĶ䶼ˣ֮ɫԱΪʲôúһ仰˵صĲ
ʼ㶼ˣѵ㻹Ҹһô˫ر׼
ֱҡͷ㷽ŵľ
ʲô
ľɵҲ

պЦǲӦ˵˴˱˴ˡ
򴽣ԼЦˡ
ֵŶּҲ£ɴģĳһ֣ҶдʲôдĻ¼
¼
Сľͱʶ֪Ҳû֪ǾͶıдǾʹְ֪ɡ
дЩ
ȻǸҿ
ΪʲôҪҵ˽д㿴
Ϊ뿴ôûа취ҿҪ㸴ģҶ֪ͱ֮Ĺ£ôȥš˽ı¸˽ı¿϶ǲͬģһ˵Ҷ֪û̥ǣ㻹ʲôµģβƹˤ
㡪㡪ƹӡ
ʵ޿̣Ӿ˹ȥ
ս˹һ˫صˡ
ݺݵһۣԷȥҶ㣬Ҷ㻹ô
Ǻջ治ϷŪģǴģʼͷų׸ı档Ȼֻǽʣ¾ԼȥϰԼָһ¡
һػҹŻسȥ
ʹǳˣټһˡ
ŸոջصվѲӵԺ
ʲôأ
Ҳճټ༱㡣
Сȥһ˾
񰲾֣ųܾ˾칫ңǾֱȥܾ˾칫ҡӸһգǿϳˣһվȥأ
ȥˡ
УʲôУ
УΪЩ˼ĶͻȻôҲҪŬġ
һ˵ţһϹ̨ϣԼһ裬ˣ㼱Ҹʲô
صķ־ֳˡ
ۣ
ιιιҵİ칫ңҪȥ칫磡
̴ĵǣŵҪ񰲾ֵİ칫һ϶Լɨġ
ղôһĨ죬ȵųӵǲŸȥôͳأ
ӵͷͷڷ־ֿŵĵڶա
ΪһȺˣû뵽һȺ벻ĸС
տյҡҡͷʵʲô
ӵ𡣡
գգۣ鲻ô򵥣
ӵͷ̴ֿ
ԶԶԣ
̴Ͻӳóһźݸգյš
ս˹գЦʲôʲô
ԭ֮ǰڡʼҾصŰѲӵʱ򣬷м˰һˣ׼¶ԷСĴָ˾ǰֹЩ˷˳ͻΧŰ档ھص
һʲ֪ԭסҲŰֻ͵ժһ˼ҵĹӣ˸ˣŰ涨ˣ͵ߣָΪͷ
ʱִ档
ӺݣضӺݣصˣһˣǵȻͷڵˣȻʼҾΣˣڼҪǸ͵֮ˣѵӪѧֻһȺôֲִп̷
дһţм˷ŭտЦǣڻд˵編ȥˣֻ˵ѵӪ˲ǳ
ŰڶãҪ񰲾ֽ˹黹״ʼҾŹ
߶ţҲƲ磬Ҳûа취񰲾ֽԭȨˣȻ£ͽд񰲾ܲȥ¡
ӵǱ˹ȥ档
յ˵ͷ
̴˭ȥһȥ
պƣܾ˾Ϊʲô㲻ȥ
̴ߵǱƢֲǲ֪Ҫȥ˵ĻֻԽԽ󡣡
ҵ޷ܾ
ձһۡ
ȴµĹؼ棬Ե𲢲ϣʼҾڵפҪʼҾһĻ»ᾭġ
տҪȥ
ӵȥĻͣӦû⣬Ҳû
Ҳûа취⡣
¶ɫ
̴ٺٵСô⣬ѵס㡣
յ¿ɶҵ𣬲ȻĻҲţҾһӻҲð
ӵǱ¸벻ңǳд󳼶ҲǳҴ壬ǵȻά棬±³ǳǺܴ󣬶ֻα겻α
ԥ̾ȥɡʶʶһҲá


1246 Ϣ
ʵҲûа취Ҫȥֻ뿴һʲô
պվͽСҰһء
ؾڳߣ߹ٵĻòŰձɸϵ
ȵãٸһչҵĶţһŹٷм䣬ƷŲ裬еһƣ˾òţũϣھѩ塣УûɶҴ壬ʵ˶붼ǳ塣
òΪ񰲾վͻһúվûˣòһôҲҵ֪񰲾һȺʲôˣԼ͢ѾһȨ񰲾֣Ҳûʸܡ
ʹ
Ǽˣæӭȥ
ռǸִ࣬һʵû˰ɣ
ҡҡͷ
ûоͺã
ļ
ò˹òżɡ
ңң
չ֣ĿһƳڱϵλߡ
һλ뷢԰׵߹ֵŰִźɴʧʧ
ԭ
΢΢һЦֳòŵɷ豦һá
㣬¹е㹫Ҫʧˡ
òźܶζ㺫ˣԼŰɣԼˣԼ˶ˣ¡
ֳǵУȥϴɡ

ܿ죬ھʣºաСҰִˡ
ֱòŵλϣһڴ£ҲѾ˽ˣҲˣλҲܹܵ񰲾ֵĳ˰ɡ
ɣó
֪ϣʲôѵʼҾִйɷҲд𣿡

˵꣡
һֹ̧λ׼ԵߣǴ˵ʲôﶼ֪ҪǷǶԴһ˵ҪĻҲһǡ𲻷ֻƽٸҲƽ񣬶ǻɣһˣҵǿǵжٸġ
һ㶣ִȵѵɴһİնɱô
Цţɱˣû˸ҳͷ
ұλ΢ֵߵǺôĹ֪ƾʲôɱǡ
վڸ˵ʲôŶ漰ԼİΣ͸̸ɷˣȻǻ֪ɷܹǲܵҵĴѹڸʲô
λ߲֪뵽յ棬Ǻͨ졣
ִҡʲôʱ˵ɷˣŰҲǵ編ⶼģഫҵȱġҲ֪ģŰ緸͵ٵģпյĻȥŰ翴ҼҰնҹջһֱల£ǻʼҾһƻ˹أһǵѵҪָдأ
ЦҲܺ棬ΪʲôʼҾһͳأӦ
ִһĨ飬಻֪ɺγԣ
֪֪Ҳν
յҷž˵ˣҲһǷǶԴģȻҪȥҲẦµġֻҾûҪǵĿԣ񰲾Ҳ񰲾ֵּӦ˵ʼҾǱʩڰյ¶ȨֻΣҪǱʼҾ촫ι˼롣⵽һ㣬ӦýµһᣬԭҲҪնϵָţűµһݶ飬ѵ㱡涼ô
һִȻɶô˵ˣθ˵һǴӦɣǽٷָǺأ
ġ
յʼҾէһЩ嶯Ŵ¹ǻ࣬ôóóȻûпףɵĳȥǴɷģһᶣעķ顣
֮⣬ǲٸԤ¡
ǾͺˡִҲϽþգϾշôͣ潫ǸŵˣǿҲյĴֱǹɱ֡
ҷ֮¡ջһתǧҲЩСϷҪͼȥʼҾԣһҪΪڱȻʼһҪֻֿԵġ
ִһۣû⽭ϴ˲ųɧꡣھһ˭治˵
ҲȷʵûдǾȥΪûж壬࣬½ǸɱˣҲıκζֺαظ˷ѾϽ½˵
˺̸ܿˣ˫ûз񰲾Ҳ͵֮ˣҲִ編˫˵ʵô壬ӦҪֻ֧ʵۣǳα
񰲾ַ־֡
˸֮յʹǲˣʵǺҲ뵽һ壬ҲֻҧȥȻĻǺԷڡ
˭˵ˣ
յ÷ǳȷҪȥǣҪӸԴϽĻɳ͢棬һȥ֮ǾЩ⣬һЩӣҪЩͻˣһ֪ͨǵġ
֪ˡ
ûﶺ̫ãվͼϡȻǰǰһ𻹲һգͽ¸˳ˣ⻹ԽʼҾյЩ͸ҸʼҾһɼ޿ֵġ
ʲôԭ޿ֵأⲻ붼֪ǻʵۿ϶෽ǣǼɵĻʵۿ϶뾡취Ըǣֻ໥֮Źͬ棬ǲŸô
ʵҲˣСũ볯͢һκγ͢ķһ𴫴յģ˰գҲҪȥգ͢Ĭĵλ賯֧֣͢໥֧֡
Ҫ֪ػǾ֮أطӰܵȨѹƵģƫԶصȨҪĶࡣ
˷ȻҲǲ֮٣ϾڼⱾһʿʱ
һ·вһп
磬ʲô춼ˣǵÿЩȥ
СҰһ·ϳĬּɫص϶ˡ
һûʲôǿ·ɡɫƺࡣ
صʱѾˣŽţںȨġ
ɣǰ˷Ըڶǰϻ˳ȥһ˴ڡ
سŵʿټգϽǰ֪
һ㶣ô֪ҳȥأѵ¶˱¡СҰȻȥԼǸȥʹ
ǵֻڡ帮ס¬졢ʦڵ¡
΢μ¡
񣡡
ε㣬һǸȥء
յͷҲ֪أ
ԵͷʼҾǴŻʼңܲעôվ͸ϻسˣĪѾ鴦ˡ
ǡ
֪δģ
΢ѡϢˡ


1247 ԺΪ
Ϣˣ
Ρڵ˻һۣɫЩ졣
̫յķˡ
һβʵΪҪϢˣ
Ҹͣ˵ç˵Ǹ鷳ѡϢˣΪʲô˹ˡʵ£¹ף˫ûйֻڴʱ䣬ĵط˴ʼҾ캴´ǵȨƲ˵ǴŰ編꣬άԼ֮Ҳûд΢ԱµΪǸ͵֮˵ָ
԰գֽľ徭˵һ飬Ĺ̴žˡ
΢΢һЦ˵˫ûдҲΪֻйоء
յΪйоأѾǳˡ
СӽЩһλο¡
¬£úɴķǳ׵Թ˽Ű編ϳҲţָ֮׷ݵسسط˼룬Ҫصι˲д˶ָ֮Űʮδʵѽɼ編ڡȻҲ纫ɷԣʼҾȻҲûд
Ҳͷ¬֮ƣймҹ棬ϳ֮編صˣط졣ʵһֱϳ編δɹΪǹ޷ǵģ͢Ҳ編編ͿԺܺõİ͢
λ֮ԣβ˵ţüժһӣָܵĳͷǷЩп᲻ʣҴɷ棬һֱ̡̣˾ΥҴɷ֮
帮̵£һζ̡̣ЩĻ֮鷸ƣǱ£ǲصι˳Ǿ編ص䣬ڳ͢ԣδؾһ¡
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ȻҲԣȷʵռ˱ˣֿյգڴΪ˽⣬ѵûһ㿴ô
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ǰһ¡
»Գ޼ɼ֮Ҫͷһس
ɴ˿ɼȷڵıҪҲûϣƻء
Ȼ󳼶ô˵ˣҲֻȻܣλ֮˵Ŷһգ֮ǰλ̸۹ڽһ£޽ѧһ£ͽԺ׼ô
յ»ģ΢׼׵ġ
εͷѵӪƵԾ޵ʱ˵ˣĴԾҲӦҲҪôҲĹݵļλѧʿѧ⣬Ϊһ覴ãԣ㻹ð޿
յ΢
ЩˣǸ˰ɡ
ˡ
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һ߰ȡ磬һʵ
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ЦŵǺûçײ£û˵ǰ㣬ЩϾѡϢˡ
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ʱһֻҪ׼ǵգղһƤĲݣΪ࣬Լ𣬾ȻѡϢˣ̫˼ˡ
εͷֽǰ溫˵ø֪ѾǸé®СˣôҲࡣ
죿СʲôʱɬﻹǲţǲǺʲô
εֻҪ룬ܹ˽һƽ۾֮
Ҳǣʵǲ֪ο
ۣʵȻЩҪʼҾһеЩʹ죬ҲϣմȥܹΪʼҾһЩѵ޶Ϊģûô޵Ҳ⻰˵Ҳǽղеģ編ٷһֱǲģҲһЩìܣı߲ȡܣ񲻸棬ٲԹ
˵ָ編ŰĴնԣǳ͢ȻԤһϳһ編ŰİնǳԼµĹأҲԸӣǳ͢Ҳøݺء⣬ڡ¬Ҳú°÷ǳã˵ҲеҲãֳֵģڼҲٶǷˡ
ʵ編Уһ˼ڣƳĻŵʱ͢ǸһЩɣǶزǳ͢ҲذյѡһֱֱӸ棬˰Ҳ֯ٸֱӸԻγһֹٸյ˼룬Ȼбף϶ҲһЩطһЩðյ԰սа߹ٸһ
ÿȺ嶼клģһŶۡ
˼һԣҲףǳΪ編ֻǶڹһֲ䣬ƲȡǵԹΪմȥʼҾֻ޷ڸ㡣
΢΢üҲǵһ㡣
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λǵȵʱ֣ٺ빬ģϾҹձۣ϶ƣҲûǵڻ԰ӼյģҲڳβϣ̫ʽ
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յˣʵһֱˣδı䣬κιҴ£ɵشҳǻɣسӦýУ˽˷ǳƲɵģˮڡ
㵹̹ϰ
һ㶣漴ǺЦͷһ룬ɲôôζ˽˶ôջ˭棬ڣѾ͵һȣһ漰ҰղϣһֱСĽ䷨ǰнУҴ¡
ͻȻϢôҲ㺫յ簡
յʺʵҲֻ֮١
Ŷһ˻
յǳҴ꣬ҪԸŰļ𣬳һٷҲǳĶ֡
⻰ţΪվôģȻˣΪҪϢˣ
յʱһ䣬¿ɷԸ𡣡
￩һ£üȵʹá
Ŷ°
յȻǣֻܸǺҽǼ𶼸ץȷ԰񰲾ԵȨͬʱҲڻʼҾĵӣʼҾ콫Ĵøѣÿһ磬ٲά裬˳ѡԺΪ󡣡


1248 ԲУ
ĻǻԹĹĻȴʥַģй֮󣬾ͽĻײˣ˺֪ҪײĻôֻһ취ǲȡֶΡ
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һҪ£ֻķҾɹģ˺ղȡԺΪķʽ
ξ˵Ҳе
ͻȻ˵ŻʼҾ첻ϵ漰ص˾ǻģ͢ӦҪ취һ㡣
һֱڽΪа˴Ĺ壬Ǽģ⣬ĻԴ˼룬˼оûһ֧ﵱʺģɵ¸˼Ǳ۵ģ϶ǲмһ˵ģɲϣʲôԺΪϢˣôõĻᣬѹЩʿ
ʺ֮
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Ȼϳǲܵģôֻȥı
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Цñ½㣬ɱ￴
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һؿȥպӣʵǱ䱾ǰֻ˺ˣصǺãԼ˺ˡ
ͬյĽ飬ʵ۶ͷ֮Ȩ˭ʵ۵ģ֮Զڴ¸еҲǶָ֮һ̫пһ㣬̫һ㣬Ȼ編սøø裬ԼĻǵԼ
̫ϡ
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ٴƵƵͷï˵úе
¬֮޵Űʮѳһɼ䷨пȡ֮
ïѵŰҴôҿҲȻɣ֪ܶ綼Űķ٣ǿɶҴƵɷҴɷĹ涨ѵ¬ΪҴɷسɷ
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¬졢ʦգں帮˵úúõģһˣ̸ı˳ԣҲûԭˡ
ǶΪڡ帮¶Ժշѣһζʲô編ǽڡ
׺ߵ飬ǵ۴µʱҲڳ㵱ʱɲô˵ġ
帮Ҳûз編ֻǷ˽̣Ҫ̣ҲӦɴзѵұ֤Ͼû˽編ı˽𣿡
׵Ȼұ֤
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ïȣϳͺɣЧȡΣŰĻʼҾ죬¸ҵúҵɷµ塣Ͻ˽̣κ˶˽̡
ʦС޳ͷ編
ïɴԲӣ編Ǹݰյϰγɵģðյأ̷ѹգȰշѵڹҵİ⣬ҹɷѵû̷𣿡
ʦǾȣ佫ïôһӱô˵
ǲǣ˵ĺգȻ粵ƿԡ
εͷ˵üе͢ͷǳ編ҲͬڹҰ𵽵ã˽վǲȡģκзɳִ͢УĻ編ˣǹȨͻܵɣ𢲻ŰһŰָ֮һֱڣһؾͲ׷ǣ²Ϊͬʱ͢Ͻκ˽̣ĻϳͲ
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һίʥ
ܺ˶ô˵ˣҲֻܸߺʥ
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պôдԾ⻰ʶתĿա
ŭʲôӾУҧҰ
öҪץˣо֮ͽо֮ͽҲûиȥֻŭһһӳ䣬ľ뿪ˡ
ҪƽʱлȥǽյĻҲܹ⺫յģϾͷһվһߣǱ
Ĵ󳼣һոƵãվ̫ſǲҪˣﻹܿӣµ̨ס
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ڵûºգڴӺ߹ʱЦЦ
Ƴһֱۣ׳ɶӦõģҪְͣ£ҲվҾû
൹Ҳϧ£ಢǳоҲ֪䳰ȷ
յѧҽ㰡
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ֹֹһò˶ã͵ˡ
̫ߵվˣκŵʤ
Ҳ̫ˣȻ̫ǰŵʤźգֹ
Цȥɡ


1249 
ڵգµگϽκĿΪɣ˽̣Ļؽϳ͡
´گŰĻʼҾ죬Ҳ˶ںյĴ
ͬʱҲʾŰ˷Ϊ׷˶ѣδ˵ʲôʵҲҪ˵ʲôˣǱϽ˽ָ̣֮ȻҲ÷ϳ
ȻڴǿֻζµĲ
ɺոڡ帮ġ
ʵǰɳ²֡
Ҳֱ̫ӣᵼг͢ҪǶˣ伫Ķؼ͢ȷʵҲû˼ֻǴһ淶編һЩªϰȷȨ˾ζǰڻ͢ûдҪֻǳɶȥ޲òô˵ףûйϵ˺֮⣬͢Ҳû˵Ҫ׷ȥ
Ű϶ὫӶˣص϶Ű磬Ϊĸһ㺦ԼҲͰˣǶˡ

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Ӱڰ֣ЦǾͱˣ֮øѽԴ¹ʱûٸսʼҾȨˡ
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Ҳ̲סǺЦ˼̴ôҲ񰲾ŽһҪأû˭˵ҪҵҪȡ֮˾ְ漴ɫΪ͢Ĵ˷گ𵽵òܴ󡣵طϵطϵһֱǺϵʹ´گǶǶ᲻Ϊ⣬ٸҲ棬ΪҲǱµĳԡ
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ֻһɹѧԺľƷԺʿվڿյϣźһгŨŨĳɾ͸гļ䣬ۿ⡣
Ψʦ̨ϣһ°ͣŹǷһȻζҪýŲȵгɲϡҪǺˣƻ˯ˡ
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ģȽģãٽˮУףҪߵļΪǷǳСģҸ߶Ⱦ׼Ҫѧʽʵ⳵һˣŪ˺ܾãƷ
պǺǵλǫˣʽֻǹʽ͸ͭһ㲻֪ãǾûһãλܹЩʽӦгϣҪߵǻ۰

ڰ֣ǲι̣ҪΪ̫ʺиõгܹι̡
յͷǻ취ƳõҲһ뵽ȫǹڽģΪǰӴҲǽӺʯӶǳ٣⣬ϡн๤൱ϤǸĻ룬Ͼְҵû̫Ľ
ʱֵ˷ܣϾ룬⣬Ҿ⳵ȱ
綼źա

Ȼ䣬һ
һͷһԭǵʦ̨϶˯ˡ
п˹Ҳ
աҲЦֱҡͷ

ˣһų
ץץùƤƳɵɲƨѹѹǺĵӣԼĸװǳ⡣
ЦɹȻǴ˰

պǺһЦɣȥˣˣ硣ǺǣλѾȲˡ
ԣǿЦãһĪ⣬һָСƵá
㺫ɻҪСˣô
ﲻ֪ʲôֻǴ˶ԣҸϣðտԺоɹǲһȺԲļһ
ŻȻ
Ƶгȥڵĵ·Ȼˮ··ש̳ɵģʣľǺǳƽ̹Ƴǳעص·࣬һŴҲûʲôǲӶģȺ·Ҫɾˡ
Ȼгӻľͷģڳܻûκģ˳Ǿֿԣʹܵˣ⳵ҲһܵˣҪ֪СۿǷǳҪ߱ʵԣװװƻûκġ
ϡϣǿ쿴ʲô
Ŷʲô
Ժ·г
δ䣬ѾǳĲгԴ
һȺľ·ˡ
г
ʲô⣿
ȥͦţİ
һھͳһĻ˾ȵľ
װˡ
ջں޵ûаװһӾȻܿЩĽıˡ
ʹʹ
츻Ĺ󰡣
һ֣ͣ
ʹɶ
츻һ˹
ЦгԺµķ
г
츻һȻǾú܌ѽ˹ƣƣϡ氡ʹǿ𣿡
治⣡պǵ
ĹҲûΧϸг
ʹҲɡ츻ܲǷֵյ档
˵ʲôƨҪ˭أ⻰
ʹҵ˼Ҿгĸ㰡
ɲУҾһֲһﻵˣզ졣˵һǷģһгļ֮һҪ󣬸ʼҾг
츻ϲʹ˻棿
ҷƭô
лʹлʹ
츻ĹϲüҰ
һԵĽҪҲʼҾ졣
һʵɣгô
ҡҡͷʱΪгôġˣȥѲӰɣȥ硣
磿
һɱƸӭ
Ľʺ޵úպãЩ쵰СԺеĽˡ


1250 ޼
֣ôǸȥﰡ
Ȼȥг
гɶ⣿
Ժ·һֿԼܵСˡ
𣿵ȵңҲҪȥơ

ʱг̺䶯˳ǡ
ֻһ
Щŵ۵ĹӸͻȻޱʵͽ۰Ͱ͵βźգֻκܹһǣҲ
͵һ졣
ԭ̶һȴ˶
Ϊ֪֮һ֣Ԥʾźվ͵ͣˣֿԽۿˣһôҸ°
С֣
磬զˣףɶ
ܵܺСҰƵĴͨܵȻСһ˹
г
ЦŸǿ
˵գͨܵǰСȦ
ܵܿO죬ż磬СӵıԶôĿš
СҰдһڰ磬Ϣһᣬ
СҰҪ󣬺նþܾΪСֱ̫ˣѾͲÿµóгСҰСҰʲôԭֻǷǳصСҰҪֱײ⳵ܲ˵ġ
СҰҲ֪ûȥгŶûв̤壬ҡͷŤŤǰȥСӵ츳ʵǳˣѩҪʲôۣ̤ȥͻˡ
Ӵ
˲СҰѽλƳŵԹ۵š
СҰܿסˣֻתʱЩΣϲΣνܱΧ۵ʵ̫ˣСҰҲ᲻ٶֻΧСȦתš
᲻٣СҰǳƣȰٶȣҲϲñÿͻȻ˫ַſź㵸磬СȤ
Թ۵һ󾪺
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Ŷ
СҰסͷȻںǰͣܵܵС֣Ҫô
ܵ˦õһģµĻ˳ɻˤġ
ЩԱʹĸСʹɫ㲻ﰡ
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ԭˣֻΪ˻ѣΰ󰡣һִСֵļϵʮһ취ġ
ܵһԹźա
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һȣ
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ǺӴܣΧ۵ȺҲһɧȵ̴ͻȺﻹյӰӡϾǻʼҾ죬ɢͷȥ׷гզ˯ž
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ˣˣۼÿ㣬ðȸܶϡŵʤƵİڰ֣ߣҪ㡣
ŶһԴ˲е⣬ΪŵʤֵΨһԭ򣬵ȥѳˡ
ŵʤһ¾Ҫ⳵㽫ˣȥô
¾֪ˡ
ôΧŻʳתƣ֪ܲô
ûдתƣתƵġ

ʳڡ
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ܱΧ۵ĹԱҲľʵҪˤһӣǡ
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˺һβͣ˴һŵʤûſڵء
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ԺӭǰӲ졣˵ţֵгĿǰֻƽ߶˳ǾͲˣӦо̣һκܳ·Ҫߡ
εͷҪԴŬ˵ҴƲȱսܹгԼоٶȣǷǳҪġ
û𽺣ôŪյ΢ʥ
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Ϊѵ£ճֻԳģ⳵಻Ƶĵط׳ϣһڱʱ򣬳˹ϣǳѴ̰¸΢һЩʱգ֮΢һ׸һõг
ŵʤС£СΪ˵úܶԣΪذ
г׼ȥ԰һģתһ룬һˣǾͲ԰ڣǶˣͷаɡг˵ʲôҲҪһ
ȻǱ¡
ȥ԰ڣҲгȥ¿һ

һ㣬һ㣬ɱˤˡ
ѽȻ˧ڵÿǰ氡
շг۵ͷ󺹣Ȼֲƺͦӵģ߽ŲţһĻͷڲڡ
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ӺȻһֱӴӳ£ȥһߡ
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ˣôأ
ߣʶôһ»δġ
ûŻ
һ֣߰һҪŻ
ҲеˣϽ˽ȥ¬ʦԡ


1251 ֪
ҷģҷƳǿɫزֻǳԴˣʲô󰭵ġ
¬ʦڴڰοһֱȥĺաΪŮб¬ʦȥ¿ٸ㲻ٳ
ȻҪ͸ȥˡ
Դµġ
ԵøˣΪͷʳжģϾȥʲôжˡ
ֹһٲһ߲źһ˽
¬ˣô
ռæӭ˹ȥ
ٺȻһЦϲС硣
һ㶣ѵѾأ
һЦֿ¬ʦԡ
¬ʦᣬЦС磬㻹ǴһͿһʱӵ˼Ƴǿˡ
ɫһֿ١
ٵͷƳǿѾˡ
кˣֱԴһ죬ȻһƬհףŲ
ٵС硭
˼ûзӦֿ¬ʦԡ
¬ʦǰС磬û°ɣ
ûдӺɫϲ֮ɫü͸һ˿ɫеǳ֡
һɫ¶һַǳЦݣǶлλˣҡȥ¡
¬ʦԷľګͷɻ
ʧˣ
΢΢ףôµĹ뷿ȥ
ǰͣǼ
Ƿôڵƺ˺յĽŲ
һһĨϵĺ飬ҡ
˵ţŶ룬һţɫ䣬ƣһָһջ񣬿ҿӦ˵ֻҪ֮Ժĸţսջġ
䣬һͷͷ˹
ɵĽͷץס
ޣʲôţѵǣޡϵºݺһۡ
պٺһЦǰȥ齱ϣµ֣⻰ȴں棬˵֪Ҫ˵Щʲô
ºĿôأ
һЦ̫ˣ֪˵Щʲô
գ˼ۣܸô
һ㶣ѵ㲻Ϊ˸е𣿡
񾱣ü͸֮ɫҡҡ
Խŵôأǲﲻ
ǵġҡҪ˵ˣɱҵ
⵨տЦ
ȥģ
һֱֵۣ˵ʵһֱҶΪ˸еǣڲҸ㣬Ϊʹˣʴ˲һֱϡǡԸԳˣҡ޷˶˵ĸɼ޺ĸศɵģ֪ԼޣԼɷչ˲ãĸִӺ̸ҡҵһλĸס
ǳţɫУǺ֪֮ģԵµı׼֪ԼһλӣΪʲôҲͰˣڼӣԪպƣڣ޾ҲΪˣգΪոͲںЩһ÷ǳɺͿġ
Ҫĸˣɾ޷ӱܵΣտԼչԼչǺӱҪ˵չѽǳԼ޷ʤĸɫ
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һأȴǿ
¼ɫ죬ŵôأǲǾҲˣ
һȻǡ˵µ֣ε£˵ʵʵҲһ˵棬ᡣ

´㵵Ŀźա
̾˿ڴ֮ǰҲΪµǹҲ뾡ԼĺӣǷ¬˸㻳кԭӦ÷ǳĵģҲĲֻϳģһεѹЩΪΪҲûһøס
ڸ׵ӡ󣬲ǺɽǸף˵˷˻־֢滹һ㸸飬ǰδܵģΪδףǰôļǺףǾԭµģûнƭҵѾԼһТˣ涯ͷȻǺ޵ǸףɫԼ˸ףɫתЩ޴Ӧ־ٶͷ
ԭǳֵÿĵһ£ȴǷ޶Ǵ۵СۣһƬĳƲҵ
ֲڡ
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¼նûעˣʱͻˡ
Ȼ֪ôȥһλףѾ֪εһɷ˵ǳҪ¿΢һͻȻЦ£ֱ׵Ȧ棬ɲǡ
һ㶣Īźա
յǶûĸʲôǺõĸĸʲôǲõĸĸֻȥοһǵİ飬ദķʽǶһ޶ģ˵ǽǵĶϣôܻʣǿ϶õģΪǵ˼ǵȫһ˵ǲ
Եͷ˵úеǡָôأ
ʼʲôô죿ôģû沨ǵļֺǻ۲ߵյģǶҪȥʲôĸⲻʺǣԼĴʽڻˣҲˣƾǷ޵ǻۣһС㲻
˵úã
µéٿӶѱԼСѱһҪһкһδԸıҶȥɡ
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ȻǡεֻǱѡ
ͺã
˿
ºյ֣Ƿڵܽùˡ
һ̣պ˶ᣬһиȥģⲻôԴǵ棬ǿԶһģڼ䣬ǻøһȵĽʲôܽͱˣ֮ǰһȡְܽλ
ҲҲҪȡ㻳ˣҲܹȥġֻһ
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Ѿˣպݺݵ
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㻹˼Цⶼ㡣
ңΪʲôҡ
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˵̫еˣԶԡ
Цֱͷ£ϲú͸жӿͷĿ⽥ͣȥǾ촽һ£а㼦뷨ֻĸж
Ҳܵһݸеϲú͸ж̧ḧźյҲһƬжʵԪĵûлаɣ
գգۣʲô飬ʲôжʧ٣һסûУ
棿
ôƭ㡣
Ǿͺã
µһЦԪĵˡ
찡
ֱ۵ΪʲôЩ
һֱԪĵѹţΪҳɫΪҴѵû˵ⳤôҾҵĺصޡ
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ղøȥǷǶԴ
ʱ˵үԪٹӵ
ٹӣԪܣ
ǡ˵Щϵ£Ҫ̸̸
տ£µͷȥɡ
УúϢһ¡
š


1252 ɽ
ڣֻ¬ʦԷԪϵزȤ£˿ɶϵرȥģлĵġ
¬ʦԷ򸾼ˣ֪Ҫ̸Ǿ˵ȥƳǿ޶˾뿪ˡ
ȵߺ󣬺ֽǲˣȻźԪܣôˣǲǳʲôأ
ԪܵͷǰСЦϲø
ǹϲ
հ뿪Цĵ˰ɣ
Ԫ𾪡
ЦݽӲᡪҲҲ˰ɣ
Ԫϲֱͷøһ¼С
棿غջЦˡ
Ԫܵĸƭø
찡㻹ҵżϷŪѽұ޻ߣƫƫλ˹Եһӵĸ׶óϻ̳Ͽ֣㵹ãһһҲã콥ǲүġľɽѽ
øø

һ漴ЦǱǸҡʵ̫ˣ̫ˡ۽ǻ⡣
ǣȷֵø˵¡Ԫܱʾĵͷֵм¹øûвµ
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ʵùһǰ͵֪Լˣֻһֱû˵ǼλλĲĸɷֹùõһЩΪùÿѾˣϣùǻˡ
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𾪵Ԫܡ
ԪܵϽƻǳؼһ꣬ù֪¹֮ôүүǺܶùùۣ˹ùôȵչ˵⻹ǼλĸڰùüʱֹùѾ£Ϊù֪£󲮽Ժڵоͱһŵ֪ࡣ
£΢΢Щð
ԪãȻĵ˵ͷо²ص㣬˵ôϣܹԪĵ̥
֪Ϊʲô³ٳٻвϣΪдţ㲻УҲܻС
ҪǣŸո±֤һ㣬ľڤڤ֮УŪ
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ʱ˿̵ԪұѾϲõУոñڣ̸оˣˣǹܼң׷أ⵹ǻһѹ
ĵ
ŵĽѵղٷͬĴҪԪĵָܵϲãţֱӳ˽ȥɵȴŲˡ
Ԫյλ֪
λɩɩڰ
ЩΡ
ˣҲˣǸùˡ
֪Եغ÷վкŽøСڳռ
գϲ
ϲ
˷ǶлλɩɩȻһڹչ֡

λٸõʱڴЦ
ԪĵǴ߲ˣ͵͵˺һۡ
ʷĺͻȻҪллǣǰǵķӶܹãܹٶǼУĺǸм
ֵغ÷Ǵ߲ˡ
ǳԭңŮ֮»൱ߵģҲǳ߰
ʷĺȻҲĸϾǳԭΪȡԼİ飬ûʲôܻʲô̹ʵú֪һһҪסԪգʧȥˡ
պԸЦ֪Ԫأ
ʷĺƵӥȥ԰ˣˡ
ʵΪʲôȥ԰
ʷĺƵϻһȥһ֮ӥһֱҪȥ档
ЦɩɩѾôˡ
ʷĺ㶣漴׹ඥ󳹴Щ²һǵԼ棬ҸһͥǺģյл
Цɱ˵˵ġ
ʷĺЦŵͷȻغ÷ʹʹɫ˳ȥ
ȵߺ󣬺ջعͷǰλȴʧĴŮ
ԪĵĿԵЩ
˹ȥԪĵߣסӯӯһյ֫̾ⲻܹ㣬Ҫ־͹ҶڹģȻ㻳˶֪
Ԫĵ˵ͷҲġ
ţ
ѵô
Ȼ
˵ǷӦòҡ
벹˵Ҫʲô
ԪĵӹһĿ⣬ֻҪӦһ΢С¡
СռʱӦҡҡͷ£Ķ˵
Ԫĵ쳣ҷ뼸λɩɩĹǻеʱҲڼﾲţǻһĺɩɩеʱֻҪڼһϽƻⲻӰ̥ġ
˰յѵΪǵĺͼô
ԪĵǽҹѵҾͲǣϽƻôⷴҸӺ˼룬ǻҽ´ãȵҾ;̥
üֻǵ̫ˡ
֪ԪĵԪҵŮɶǽģ㹻ľ¶á
ռԪĵһҲ֪ǿĻĵģͷðɣҴӦ㡣
ԪĵգչһЦǴǱߣͰзˡ
տЦһĵû뵽ҵⷬͷӿһЩ
Ԫĵ£ʵʱ֪ʱҲǳģʵ֪ǶͲСˣһϡ˵ֵҲΪԪһ壬ÿ궼кüСһӶԪұһ鳤󣬺ԪԪǣҪĸΪ֮ģԪұÿ˶缺ҵ̸϶ô˷ܣǸжԲ
Ԫʱ壬ȺϰߣСǲȡģԪйأǲСڸĸı֮£ҪǴСͶһ֣Сǵĸ飬ԪܡԪҲһɳԼദķʽ˷ǳŽᣬǳĬԪҲܶģǷԸ⸸ĸԿţǸеܲϲڣˣǾҪĸš
ԪӥԪǣǰǷǳĸģԪұԾ뵽ԪǸСȦȥˣ쵽ܣԣĸΨһļֵǴȥ档
ԪĵҲˣ˵ȷһϲ£Ҫ˵ôôĿģûУҲһ״ϲ󱯵ŮˣĸоǷǳϸģһϲͷͣһӾȫȻ޾յУĸоԲ޺һÿۣһ˿ϲͷĸоڱȽԵһ档¾͸պ෴½ĵһоǲ֪룬ŵҪһӶչ˲ãôȥչһֻ֪޵СܸԪĵһôϸ塣
֪Ҳòװɶô˷ˡúѽӦ˫ϲŵģףΪŮ˵ԣϲõĳɫˡ
ԪĵƲͻȻסյ֣֮ǰѾһһټˣܹ㣬Ѿǳ֪ˡ
⵹һʵԭûʲô׷׷Ԫҵ棬ͻȻ˰ζͷǳˣҪЩʱһֵȥǵˣҲһǳҸ£ôһӣһֶ͡
ռһƬУҲһж鲻Խһ££ҲӦøң֪֪ͷ£зģҡ
Ԫĵߺ죬㻹˼˵㡪ҿڵĻᡪҡ
ͷǺǵûа취˭㳤ôƯûгʲô£Ǻǡ
Ԫĵߵİһۡ
ֵҲôӦңЩ⣬Ҳ޷չ˵΢ǵȵȥǵ¼֮Ҫͨһţ
ԪĵͷҴӦ㡣
պȻʲôƵãˣм²Ǹ˵ˡ
ʲô£
֮ǰҸո֪Ҳˡ



1253 һŪ
ǲǽõģ
Ц˵Դһ˿ţɲ顣
ȻУԪĵ͸Ӳ˵ˣȻȴϲʤǣСһ˳ɶ֮ȴֶ;ⶣǴ޴ԾʵҲŪǣС⣬ΪǳãǵĻţýУֶǳִţ˼뵱׸룬²˳ȴҲֲˡ
ճ֮ǽõƺתãİţֻǺոǱ䱾ƲٴͳǽЩҲ㲻ʲôúտ໨⻹ǺĿһɡ
һ̯˫֣ȻĻҲ֪νˡ
Ԫĵô
ʵЩ£Ҳ֪ӣͻȻһֻ»þһЩʱղӦ㶨֪ĵʲô
˭˵Ҳ֪ԪĵǲǵұС
΢΢һ֪ġ
ʶɱõöࡣԪĵСԺǿܵһˣҲ䣬֮£ȴģһֱΪԽѹģʴ˺ܲԴ˸еǣҲʮġ
ȫУ
ĵͷ
Ԫĵ֮Խ¸֪ңǲǲϣһ֮¸֪
εĵͷ֪Ļֻƣ⼫пܻӰ쵽̥
֪ˡ
ԪĵͻȻĿ˼£Ȼˣͺúڼι⣬ֳڼңֲһؼˣߵĻжµλɩɩڣ㲻Ҫҡ
ЦԼලɣ
ҿûô롣
ԪĵĿԵЩ
յҲֻѡ
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һһ£Ĺǰ֮£޷ʳ
ʲôʱأ
ûõġ
ҡҡͷЩҶᰲźõġ
㲻ôԪĵԵЩ
û
ȻӦԪĵִϽƻǱҪƣΪ֪ԪĵһˣҪĻܿͻԼһи
עĽԪĵԹĿ£ȥȥãԪĵˣˣ϶б䶯ÿһᣬһ¡
ԪȻǳˣҲû˵ҪԪĵڼҺú̥˺˵ҪԪĵĹһЩȻӦˣ˵Ҳˣ̬ȾȻԪĵһʾúսķŵϣԪұӦ£ḻˣʲôġ
ԪȻҲһ˽ˣ˽޴Ƕ֪²ãվͲãղãԪҲáԪӲΪӻУɷ͵غģԪҲû˭ôϾ壬е˰æ⣬Ҳڴ¡
ϵı䶯ĿǰֻԪܿԽ֣ԪǶȥˣԪֲܵ˵ģԪҪмŵ£ʴվԪܸϱߵϢС£ͻǽԪĵȥԪĵҲһвסˣܵøһЩһЩش鷳£ɺԪĵϵĸ
ȵ°ź֮󣬺ȥԪĵʼЩǣԪĵһ㣬Ϣȥ԰ûԼҪչˣҲҪʲô⻯
˵ԪĵּǵԸ񣬻Ǽ˺ϵĲѹһиȱȫУôƱҪͷܣѾ׼ˣѹ̫ˣԪ߸ô֧֣ͿԽľϡ
ڵհǰվ͸ϻصԺֻ¶һбǽϵг
ˣȼ֮һõгʱ㵽ȥ档ǰȥסϸ
΢΢תͷгˣ
ЦҪܵģȻĻôܹסҡ
һиزҪöĺˣֻͲױߵ
գգۣȻǣ죬ǿ²Ϊ²Ϊ
ס²ôһ˵û뵽ôţ͵͵뵽⻳ҲͦȤġͻȻգôʱŻ
յ²ҸԪҺͬоµһô
µ̸ô
֣ô¸е档յа
ԵͷʵԪĵûĿġ
ԥƬ̣Ǽˡ
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Ŷԭ֮ڣԪĵ磬û̫ˣʱøۡ˼ǰ󣬲ŵˡ
Ϊ˷ܵ˵ʲô
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µĽҡ
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Ԫĵ
òȻŭΪ¾ܸɣ£Ҿͺʲô¶áȥ
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ȥҲŪҪȱȣ˭һλĸס½ǳߡ
ۿҲ̫˰ɣղûЦְǰһˣһˣûһӵкĸ׵ĻʮЦһٲûа취иΪ󣬵ͷ͵ŪŪһŪĪҪˣĵЦ
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˵ţһίڿиѵӦһô


1254 
ʵյĵЩˣʵûκξ飬Ϊһѵ£ʵҪʲô
»һ´ȥ֮󣬳ϣ̶˹µĹùáڵվͽӹι£ԵǵķԸ޲ý档
ԭһֱ»ϣΪڷ⽨ᣬһŮ˻ϺӣǾʺǱ˾СӣŪûͷƽƣеȨҲԽԽڳżҶԣһǿеĲ䡣
Ǵյĳ񽫺ΪҾ̬Ϸ˺ܴı仯
ǾƲҡ
ҡ˶ɳԼĶϱǰչ¡
ɴ˿ɼҪ㣬ȻԼгϢԼûϢĻֻ¸ĸῴ㣬Ҳֲñˣˡ
ȫҪκ£͵ȨЩùˡ
׵ǣҾȻ뵽ΪˣҶˣ»ˣ϶зǵȻ͵ŪС檣ȻĻôڹͥǷǳǳģкụ̈ǹҲº黨ǲݣŪС檵νСǱϲ̨棬²вŪҹˣǾͲһˣŸãŪôһϷ
Ҽеĳ֧ҵ뷨Ϊʱһˡ
Ҳʲô⣬С檵Ůˣֱ಻ʤ
ŪúȴǿЦãĸİûдǣ檸ʲôϵԲģ齫µѾܰΪ̣ҲǺռƺˣϽϴʾܾŮˣѾЩƣӦˣٶӼ¾ͻѧԪգһ֮ˡ
ǻˣȰ˵檣檣öӣϢ
кǸпȨá
ǱҲǲضãʹҪǹù÷쭣ֻǰڲ
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ȻֻǸոտʼôĶ˻֪ܲ
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˵
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ҡͷ˵뷨Ϸ붼룬ʸָһϷΪһǿĻʹµͷˣҲضʧܡϷȥˣˡ˵ţȥ
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̵ԵҲ룬ôŪٷʮĻǻܻô
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֣㣬㡣
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ɺظţ»ؾֵˡˣæģȥˡ
˵ţͼҴҵȥ
СӸܵûӰּбűϣ˫Ŀ񣬡ʱǸͷ


1255 ǿĿ
ЩȺӵıǰأ˵ǵںգֻջ죬ٳĽһģļǳԲȶġ
ԵĺգʣǳգһףЦöǳӲƵá
ʵҲǳ͵Ŀǳ޼ɵĻ޼ɲվǰӭ͵ģǱȥݷǺղѽ˿ɶĳѡڣЩˣǳӭӵģҴڣӦЩɣȫĹԱ
Ƚվ
ԽԽֲ֧࣬סˣǽܼҽϣԼˡ
ҲԸȥ֣ȥԺֻһ˾
ֵˣֵˣ
һԺɺǶƵ
ƫͷһֻξ޼Щ쵰վڿյϡŪΨһһг
ĽʹôһصҾг
ϹһĽ
ⲻֶ֪ŮҲһǳ˲õĽɫֶŮǴϹ
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һҪѵѧԺ㽫ѧԺȥǶʧҵѩ˵ſЦ

շ˷ۣ֪ٻȻƳѩ룬ŮУѾ֤ԼƲĸˣɾʣ·ѩˡѩһܣǧ߱ˡ
ѩϲˣϲֱͷ
յʵĵҲˡ

ѩһ
յ¿ǧ֪
Ϊʲôѩ
֮߾Ͷˡ
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˫ϲ˫⻹ɵɵֲգۻЦͲˡ
ң
ѩһʱδӦŹȻͨ죬գԽԽˡ
յ㷽ſɻҵأ⻵ִӺ̸𰡣ѵѵҲ
ҡ
ѩǣбĿźա
ڨڨⲻΪ˹ƽôϾҿǷôˣҲ˵ϾҪǿȵüƻƻ
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յӭȢȻЩѵģǵǵɽҰ֮ǿһСͻ񡣡
ѩһĨϲɫ治˭ΪµĻ񣬶Ƿǳףûһǰ̧̧ȥģ뼵Ҳûж󣬿ü͸һ˿ǵǡǳɻ֮ǲǾͻỳˡ
ôȥǲѽΪӣͬպĺƵģܿƵġ
Ҳܿƣѩ˫ۣĿг˺档
յ˲ܣܡ㿴ôòУͻȻͻϣ⵱ȻɺϣǿĿ
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⵱ȻбҪͿɲСˣһζܳġ˵ɣȥ᷿û
ڻҪԵίĿŶ
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ĵȥ᷿סôɲ檣Ǿͱˡ


1256 ؼһս
վû̫ˣǻеĻƽ͵ģﻳ͵ʱ򣬱»Ҫϼ꣬Ժı׼Ƕ̥һ̥ЩùѹҲǺܴ󣬱ϾʱֲڣҪûչ˺ãǶռˡ
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£ⷨӻѽ
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ˮʦͳ˧ԸվߵĵȻǶˡ
ˣʵⶼǺģҲǽЩƵ¼ǫ
ԸǺǵñ֪Ƕˮʦܵ㣬ǲС
µʵҲ̸ִԹı˽
ԸЦǰټòϹأ
µټһϹģŻǣʹǴ˱Ҫֻ֪Ⲷģǰټһܻʿݴѵǣʱȥ޻ء
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ʵģ佫ȻѽȴȰˣ֪ûкԮ֧ǵģ½սĻһʧܣȫûʵ±Ը򣬵Ƕһߣû׼ĳ÷̫Ҫʧ˵Ļ˵ξͲˣȡ
ԸŵΪ洬ͳһ滮㣬˳ƣŻټãʹټô˱ټ̫Сˣһƾӵ½ܱܿƽټ޵ı߽磬ǰټþͿл϶ټòҶģһ˱ء滹һƣյг
ðټǱ֪Ƶˮʦܵ㣬϶ᷴӦֻ˵ģҳϰֻսſڻƣ˭ܵˣ˶϶ԷɳˮǣһǾбսԷȴǲֻʳ
ǰ˵Ըôһé®СӣҲⷬòô򵥣˲ټͻȻĶСˣ»һ㣬˾Ͳ˶µĲԡ
Ǿ㣬͸͵ܱˣ˵ǮȻҪٰݹȻԸ⣬ֻͣҪ㣬Ըս洬ˣջķᰡ

ͬʱɶ³ǵһΪĹؼսҲĻ
ڼǰƾɽɺӣյ߾ȷӸյӱߣѦʹǧܶ顣
һս֮³صĴ󽫶¦ҲóȻ³ǣǸ߾һսʽȡأ߼ҰǸ߾ɵûа취ҲӲƴƴƾģǸĲֻҪص죬Ǿ֮ˡ
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ȴڻס˳ɹɺӣҳɹƹ³ǣбܱ߳
¦յܱ߳ļҲˣôƾƾ˶ˣʵҲ̽ϢˣȻ򣬶мĳɷ֣ⶹ¦ЩԾɰ̽ȥ̽Χ³ƾʵ̽ȷֻǧˡ
¦ϵˣɳ´󽫣ǧʿҪȻƾȻȥĵطƾ
Ѧʹǵȫ̼ƻؼһսҪס³ؾķʵҲϵԷһᷴģǧƴ죬ôһֱסԷ
³ǵĽʿǶܱ߳ģǵļҿܾڱϵĳҲǹ˼УȥԮȼ磬ʴ˳óţɽͻһƾӪ
ƾҲԴ
Ǹոƾ̵ʱܱɽ޹죬⵹Ƶģֻ񵱳ʿݱƾϰߣ㣬һҪ㣬̲ûйġ
ֻƾͻȻһͻȻľ졣
߾Ľʿﲻϵľ죬񶼴ƽȥˣø߾Ծͷǰ¦Ҳһֱڴ̽ĶֻƾƭˣΪȥսˣҲΪʵ̫Σˣôһˡ
Ȼٴ࣬Ҫûͳ˧Ĺ⻷һЩдˣɹɺ֮󣬾;ԶսΧ³ǣƃ٩ȥ
Ҳһ˰ʱ򣬶ζǿһɺݾŤתս֣ϣվһŹֻ֣Ҫ˵ʿһ
ƾʿһͳ˧ôݣ˰ΣսһоƣǶҲݣȻס˸߾Ϊ׺ݵһ档
Ǹ߾ĽʿɱۣôƾΧǼգ⴫ȥඪ˰
ôȥƾٺҲֲ֧˶á
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Ѧʹֻǹһ߳һ䣬ٶȼ죬Ҽ鷢
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ֻʿڹŴսУǰְ֣߾ûʲôǲģһͱˣǻ췦ˣΪһ̧ͷֻܿ·𵽴ƾټ߾ʿǱ࣬ǽ㣬ǹҵĲйأֻҪԭսҪôأҪôˣҪǽľ񲿶ӶȥˣǸ߾ԨķԸ¦ƾסʤ
˾һֵǸϽϡ㲡ҪĽͬĵطֻҪĶ̴΢¶һ㣬ͻԥȥ޲þһ㡣󣬱Ͼ佫ȻʹˣϷķԼӹдȥֻٽսսǸܸܵΡ
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ǧ߾ȷӣǱһƾɱĶңһǧͷ³ȥ
ƾ׷һû׷ˣϾɻһ߾һյ֮ƣǿɾ͵òʧˡ
ļƻҲ˵Ҫ³ǣҪס³ǵһսĹؼҪʵסо㲻׳ҲóȻȥĵط
ˣƾ˵ۣնǧоΪؼǣΪƾӮ㹻ʱԼռ䡣


1257 ֲ´
뵱ʱ򣬿ǾսֻǺ˻ʵۣܾҲǿᰮ̵ģȻڳҪǰսһҪһʱ䴫һ̣ǵͳΪܲı
Ȼμλˣ̻һֱټƳ࣬˸߾ʤս̾ʹ˳
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ȻһݽݱĻ治ʱΪ񳤰ȫ˿ƿյУСﶼƿ֮£͢ҲŬӪƿķΧϲóɷֳ嵭˲١
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յĻֻһЩͣ⻹ֲǵīˮҲʲô⡣
ֻǸƿƴ󿼣ƿƣεǸ˺վȨΪ֮⣬Ҳû˳ˣ̫ˣʿƣ붼ûб²룬ƿƵĻ֮⣬û˳ˡ
ǽʿƵĻܹĿǴڣΪʿƴ󿼵ں帮Ҳֻ͵ʱ򣬲˽ȥĳĿ٣ڳһЩ󳼣ǡءʧֱƿ֮ǲŻ
Ҳûеٳ⣬ĻҪ׵Ļ̫ˡ
ڿıԻò
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պոǱµĴùø˳ȥסһЩӣֻµĿధ£ȥһѧԺ
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¬ʦԺǺǵǲһҲнڿҰ
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ΪűȽȥˡ
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վԺԱ߹ǰΣԶԶ̨ϳȺӵĿο
һԵ帮ȫ¸ƿƿ¶֮͢ģӢܣʴ˽Ͷ˽ϱһ죬Ҫһ
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ĴҲһǧңﵽһǧ˾Űˡ
ð
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սҲˣµģֵֻͬܵġ
СҰ֪ܹ￼ԵˣɶҴһһ˲ţûпУҲ˲õġ
ܵܿЩĽѽԼЩֱرЩȴҴ˶
СҰСһƳмʲôһһ˲ţһȺӰˣô˲ġ
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յҵıǮģǮˡ
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ǳ޼ɣƺûע⵽գתͷһǺգЦŵͷԭǺѽɰ
յ벻ܹ̫ξ
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ЦҸ̫ξһҲֵġ˵ţܵͷ
޼ɲĿһƣǺǵҲϡ棬ƿȿģȻȴԴ˲ģиڼҵͷһ֡
ЦһƿҲͿֶѣûɶԿˡ
Ȼ˭Ϊȴ޶أ
Ҳûа취ѽ帮ƿʡ񲿣ȻûֱӲ⣬ǶĿȡķΧһ˽⣬˵ƾ߶ǵƿУ˭ڻ˵㡣
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͵͵Ƴ۳޼ɣ»Ҳˡ


1258 ö֮
գһĿĿƿڽˣľľˡ
ϾǧԾľķʽҲͨɸѡұԹ֮󣬻ԣҲǿԣղȷļѡԶԣԳɷָһЩһͨˣԵĻɶˣϾŴǷǳעµģ˵ֻΣʵҲǿ£
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ðΣƪдǺðĴϬ͸֪ţԭѹ֣ѹ֡һ̧ͷס¬˷׷ҡͷλΪνҡͷ̾ѵЩԾ뼸λķô
׷ǳֱһԾ͵ǰ£ܼڡ
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帮Ͷұ֮
лĴѧʿն帮վһȥˣҲףտ϶վںǱߵģﻹ˵
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ҲͻȻμһοƾ٣ΪСʶҲ֪ĲŻԾأ
帮֪ⶼġ
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úһһԱŽԾϡ
δһȲܣԾУΪһԾɼ񱵽ʲôزҲûпģֱӿƪ£Խ¿ɫԽѿգνԾһϣбĿ帮
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ǵȻҲųȥˡ
Ǹһߣһپʹչ飬Ǻã֪ŵ²ֲ٣ĶˣҪʤһο
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Щһ˭ĳӡ
֪ⶼΪ֮
֪ܲ帮ڿ϶ڵģƾ̫ԭϳʱûѡվߣдһƪ޷ܾ¡
￴һ룬ϾûôˣǹװɿǷǳ񣬿գһţ£Ծһǰҳ֪һ帮Ǵ
οڣһתпԭ
ɫ⻹пԭ
£ɻǵãƾʷ̨˭߳ʷ̨ģ
üͷ
帮ĲŻοƪµļֵڣǣҳ¿ôϾǱ¸ϳٳģ²Ըٳ帮³ֻñΪѣ˳Ϊ帮ôȫǳġ
γĬΣɫԻ˼֣̾ѵҲΪ֮𣿡
ʺĲǳΣﻹǨŭûˡ
Ȼû뷨ǾͽΪǰ帮֪ʥ⣬ҿҲƲģ·Ϊ
ε⵹ֻΣ֪ݵ帮еԾŴӵܵңǴδйģҲһ㣬Եɣ޾Ͳ˵ˣӦסΪҪ˿ƾ٣ϣܹһЩʿޣ帮ĺܣɼûн޷
Ц檵Ǿ帮Ϊƾ룬Ϊӭϱµߡ
úˣ⻰ִӺ˵𣿡
ƾ峯֮һֱδжϹҲδӣⲻΪǰٶԸŴΪԭôºӵܶڿƾĻ䣬˶ԸμӿƿԸƿ֮ȥͶд󳼣뵱Ҳδμӿƿڳμſͣű̫ʥϸˡ
һر´˿ƾ٣Ϊ͢ɸͲţôȣҪиͲǰμӿƾ١һر¸躮ӵܸºӵܲŻűʣôȵ»ؿƿͻиͲǰμӿƿ˿ƾٲܵӣµĿĲܴﵽ
߷ҲôѭĿڲҲһһġ
ζͷ˵Ҳ޵˵̾˿ֻϧˣˡ
΢΢¶һĨЦ⡣


1259 ޹ƽ
ʱ֣ھĵĽֵϣһɫĺʻţеһ㹦ǰͣ
ֻһλ̴ĸ˴ĸκϡ
һ³žʹˣ帮վӭӣˣ
Цŵͷ帮ӡһֱܲΪ帮˷ǳɣмǿģⰤ˴뱲ӣڷĿ϶Ƿǳ͵ģ帮ƨĵǷǳá
ڣ帮԰ˮź΢
ϷǳܣЦ飬ʺ㴫ҪܵӰ죬⣬ˡ
帮ԣʱϲæͷתʺ帮Ʋʺʧġ
ϵͷ


ԼҹϸľеԾ
ڼ䣬سһֱԴ۲ݣµ˷Űǰһ̣󳼻ǲ
ľҡ
£ʹ֮УûǲƽΪӦһЩľ
վǰǼĿĭɡ
帮ƽƾʲô˵ƽ
һԾƾƾʲôܹڣΪ
帮ŭף⻰ʲô˼
׵ʲô˼Լף˵úãҪ˲֪ǼĪΪ
帮ŭæε£ﳼΪ
Ҳǻȥˣ£帮ô˽ףǽ񵥹ȥֻ»ʿӵĲƾҲһ
д
վ飬ڸŴӵܳƾټߣǱŴӵܸռУӵܼڵĲǷëǣɵʱȴδ˵һغӵռöŲƽ˭˽ף˽ܣ
׵ƿԣ̿¬졢ʦˡЩȴǳĬ
һ̫ˣΪڴ֮ǰƳǺӿƿƾٻһΣ̽׶ΣЩʱ򶼲ģֱԿ˭ڣƽ𣿵Ȼƽڡ帮Ȩ޷ǾǻַʽѣŴգרǮһģֻǱ˻ѣôǰŴռ¢Ͽƿôֲ˵ˡ
ƳĿƾٸʱһҪʹ帮ҪŪ٣ҲԽԸ⶯ǰָЩڣΪǰҲûвֻѡ˺š
ֻһش󿼣Ǹ֮ĵһش󿼣ǰƵʱ򣬳ִ͢úףʣΨǾ٣ƽټϺջһʿ֮ʿӶǳڴһεĴ󿼣Ϊ͢ĻΨǾ٣ȻĻôܻһ
帮Ƥε£˷ƾٶڳ͢ԣҪд󳼶ܹŽᣬλŷأǧˡ
帮ĬΣ֪ͷʿڶŰ񡣡
ǳƽһοƿ̫ϣϣԽʧԽҲûϵݱһ㣬һʿ֮㡣
գŭһԼĲ¬졢ʦأԴײ̫ˣ¬죬Ƿ¬ϣҪһڣ帮϶ָֻΪŴӵܳ
Ҳڳû˵仰
һţʱ˼ĺ䶯
һڵӵռа˳ɶ࣬ŴӵֻռɣͷǽһλĿֱǲġ
Ŵӵֻ춼Ҫˣ޺ŲƽԺǰҪ͢һ˵
һ£⺮ӵҲˣ¹ԼûпУһݰԹΪƽһݰ񵥣ǰӵ񵥡¹ۺ׹ͳʤһΪǰ׹δк˵ͳ
ݱʿ֮û˹עǲľʵϣǰƺҲûôע
벻úһƿݱ
վڽֱߵ¬ʦԺǰĿ̾һ
һߣǺſܹƾɼռݰ񵥣ҵҲķڷǡ֪ˣҵ治úʿӵܲμһصĿƿˡ
ͻȻЦ£ܶеڶʵ
ҲǺ㾿ʲô취ܹ帮Ϊڶ
һЦֻ֤سڿ
һ㶣漴Ƶ
ͻȻתͷ֣ȱջһԼôǲҰܰ
ü˵úܶԣһһͿء

а񵥾飬ԹŲ
վ̨ϣ滹ĿЦҡҡͷ
һԵĿͻȻСɣⷬƿΪ帮ڶǰнɵҪô帮ǵҪô帮˲֪ٳܷڣ
һЦ㿴Ŀ֧帮Ķ࣬Ƿ帮Ķࣿ
ٵɹؼڴˣ帮ÿƿΪԼı˽˲˫ãò˶ãĵܱ鲼Ұ˵ţ˺һۣ㷽һ鷴ԵĻܹʹľ
ѵΪ¶ԴǺ֪𣡡
һֻ̾˵帮һʵ̫ˡ
ʵкܶ󳼶֪Դ帮֮󣬾ͺ޵ԼˣǵˣΪһƾ٣ȫܶԱ帮ɵӣôĵ϶֧ô
˵Ȼ
Ϊȫͬ档
ҪһؿƿݺݴŴգôһҪɸĺӵܣΪŴն̫ҿСգλһֱڲĴŴգдաĵطûȫŴ˺ֻڰʹֶΣϻһЩŴС
帮ĻȻѾԿϣǸŴջǿ帮˵Ǯȥ¸帮ŴӵҪңҲ¬ЩˣӵҲ˵˼ҵĵӣƷµĹԱĶӣҲںӵܣһЩںš
帮΢ŵǾƨƨߵȥǮΪƷµĹԱûչˣֻ߹ϵһۣ⻹ϣͳɵˡ
ңһθһ࣬һˣ帮׬Щ˲ǮΪĵҲΪʲô帮ڿƿһֱƲҪôŪôŪµԾʽҲãµľʽҲգһ̶ˡ
ڵĻϾʮֺӣû帮ôѿƫԼȻ϶Ҳ˲ٺôֻû帮һ࣬帮ȫûе½ڲٵģǰһֱѹţų޼ɻ÷ˮܲĽнˣӦҪȥԼһҧƴ̣ģʱ̸ʱ
֪Żͷʿɼ帮ڻһֱעΣ֪֪Ÿμ棬ܺôǵˣܵ÷ֵˮΰɡ
Ϊ飬ԴвôȥλҪҪҲûа취帮Ķֻ֣ܼϴ󣬿Ǻռûôܣ⣬ǳע⣬ûи帮ʲô

ӣϲϲлͬΪˡ
ոһͻȻվڽֱߵĴǣ˹Ȼء
΢΢ףлϣպܹչ¡
ǫˣ
պǺһЦͻȻеʷˡðһ䣬Ӹ㲷һԣ
ۣЦ֪Ϊдһʡ
պǺǵΪҷִʷһ֮˰㿴ôһģʿʷʧܣȵһǶ䣬˵裬һֱһɽС
¬ʦԲС磬񵥾ô£᲻
պǺǵ¬ӣ⻰˵ãôˣҶûв룬ΪҶԺӵžԵģҪǸŴռгƣˡ
мһ˿Ц⣬㼱ʲôǻеڶô
ԣڶ
մ˸ָСڷӦˡ


1260 ȸں
췴ʮ겻ɣŲƽĿֻ뻹ֵ֧ġ
ƻ帮Ҳǽ˵ʿֻ֪֮ҪռǺҲ֧ģǻʵҲ
ԺǰǸ֣͢໥֮ҸŴջţϾǰռ̫ıˣһ˵㲻ƽҲǶǺŵһֲ
帮Ǻѹ

ʹڡ
գΣ
⻰ʱɫЩΡ
ɫï֪涼ڸ̱Ӣ䣬ǧ
ΪĴ̶תĿһɡ
ڨڨţȥ濴ް԰
κߵСôѵô£᲻
üģû
̾˿֪Ϊƫƫѯʡ
Ϊ΢оô
һɡ
æ΢֪
ΪʼնѡĬ̾˿޺Ľ飬޾ǲأ
ˣڲʣǲЩˡհֹһ䣬ȴԹƽĽǶȷʵʧƽǱǾҪòǹƽƽ⣬˴ӳԶΪڱףҲֱ֧ô
εͷ⺫ո˵һģһҲһЩ˵һĿҼ֮ˣ޶Դ˱мϣû뵽ݱͲŴ޵ǰߡ
ǿգΪߵĴ󳼼񷢾ģҲͺȫĳӣ帮ǶʱڵĳӣҼԼĳӡ帮ڣﶼΪôӳԶʹԸҲôù˼Щ󳼣Ҫ帮ڶǳΣա
һת£ǻƿô
οЦƿΪ͢ѡרŵ˲ţ޿֮š
տɥ´ԣǳģҶ϶һûϸƿƵԾ
һ㶣Ц޲ǲϸ޶Դ˲Ǻܶû˵ţһ㶵ôԾ滹ô
ίĵ˵ͷ
һ̵ߣȥ֪տڣһоϲġ
鷿ڣ
ѧι
ѧԾһ⣬סѧҪд£
Ц£ܹ׾ۣ֮ι֮Ϊβѧι֮ʵһ⣬ѧֻͷֻҪţ¶ѧֻһ֪⣬Ҳܽѧдõ˭ͷʿڳƿ棬һ֪
־ϲСӻǴȻôһ⡣
յ£ᳫѧҲΪιôѧѧΪιѧѧһȻӦôڵġ
ԶԶԣ
ͷϸĿü⣬ʲôǸ⣿
յԭѧԾһٷֵģһٷĿУöѧרҵ֪ʶҲܽѧĿɽʿĿĻ˸е˲ȡķʽĿӽȥʱľʱ򣬾ͿԷֿˣһٷУߵģȻڡǱĳ£ȽԺʱٵȥĲžˡҪǱԸĻԾϸϱµӡ£Ǳ¶͵ĿʱЩҲѭ
δϲ̫ˡһɨ
ҲôãҲǰԿġ
մӻʹ̸֮ȥ
˰
ձ׼ô
Ѿ׼ձɳۡ
ҿ
ǡ
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շǳϸĿ˿ЦŵͷΪĲ֡
ʿ֮֮ʱձͻȻϯ˳ǡ
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ѧ֮Уһһܵ
ƿûбģһ㣬ƽ
Һջڴձȷʾɼ֮󣬻׼𰸣Ȩ鿴ԼԾԱȱ׼𰸣ûбӹƽĿˡ
֮⣬ǰʾǽʿƱ帮ڸѳţܵһͿѾһҪ
ƿƱȰ
ȥʿϹκʲôÿĿʿҲ
Ǳ߿һͻȻձ£ŴӵԷսӵͷϣѧŶȻܺ£ҲҪƿøŴӵķڷʿӵҪƿ֤ʿƵĲ
һƿƳΪĿԽʯ˵Ŀͼƿ档
ڴ֮ǰƿȻճһҲһЩѧȤ˵ӣϾƿƲ漰ȨͲƸ
񣬷䣬ƿƲĿƾ٣ӿƶȾͿɼһ߰
̫ξ
̫ξ㿴
Ŵձϵ̫ξ
޼Ŵձһһˡ
оȵѵ̫ξѾյĿģ
޼ҡҡͷϷҪ뵽һ㣬ֹôС̫ˣˣҲûע⵽֮Ҫƾٸƣȵľһ̡
еɡ⺫Ҳ̫帮ˣϣ˶ǽʿƣʱƿƽΪΪصĿĿԴ˷չȥԺֻ¶пȡʡΪ˲ŶԺ
޼Цѵⲻô
գգۣȻֻһʵ̫ţˣʡ帮ǰѳţǵҲȥˣֱӽʡȡˣбİ취ô


ԭˣ
ձһţûв´ӦöոŪˣĿľҪʿû䣬ȻƿƳΪƾΪĿĿĿ
ӵĻѾɹһ룬ʿߵĿƿһϸµսЩԭǿĹٻӵܶȥ
ҺͲ֣ϵ帮ڿ϶һصĿƿԼô֪帮һκأ
еΪŴһ㶼帮ֻкŲŻȥ¸帮⣬ǿɱλ»ʺ󡣡
ԭˣͷ˺յŸ޼ɵʿ֮ӮһأһжãĿĻѧҲϵȽʿһңȻٽƿƣƿƾͻֿȡ
¬ʦЦҲֺܹչƶˣ⻹帮ǵϣĻҲɹģҪ־ֻܹ帮̫ʧˣֻ帮Ǽ֥鶪ϣʿͷ˹עˣʡٰĳƣҲᱻƿƸȡ
̾˿֪ǺµףҲ꣬ʿ巴ΪʤΨһˣһ̫ˡѧӦҲǷǳ˽ġ
ͷһȥġ


1261 ·ú
ʱ˶Ϊշôľ˿ƾ٣ƿƾ٣ȴ帮ڵ˼¡ϾƾٸƣȾɺշģҲηǳһεĴ󿼣ֱӽ¼ȡһڡ帮ȴϢĿƿߡ
ȴֻƹƿơ
ƿƾմףٵλ޷ıƿʵΪ漰ơȨջȻյƿֵҲ֪Ҳ˶ѣʿƻҪĿĿ
Ҳ룬һԿô
ô£վһԿ帮ǵô
Ȼᡣ
帮һֱΪԼ벶ȸں㺫ոٶ£Ҿˡ
ȴֻ֪룬ղĻȸΪ˲֣һֱƲ帮ܻ¸Ųʣǰ֧帮̰
ǺҲûôһȫƵˣҲһһΪʱΪ帮ĿŵôѰ˼ҪҪԼڳ³ŪÿΪĿľĨڽʿƣ帮ȡ֮󣬺֪һǳѿ϶ڿƿ֣Ϊһ֣ƿ߾ˣʵǷǳĵġ
ֻұ¶̣ҲڵȣͬʱҲڰаæ֮ڿƿǰݣϣ˵Ŀⶼڿƿϡ
ϣԽߣʧԽ
ֱգѶڿʼˡ
ɼˣܹȻˣҲֻѡ
ǼУǸе˼飬ԭô档
¡
λ÷¿Ǵúܣһһ¿Ϊ֮裬Ҫ֪ܹϿ˶ǹ֮Ӣţòԩ
ƽԪգЦ
ԪպôΪһжǺչΪ֮
һġ
ƽٵͷ뵱ѧʱ򣬲ûж⣬ˣҲΪʿ֮ǵѧƿƣԼʼͼĽѧһõģһɹˣѧҪƽҲǳˡ
˼ΪʲôôǿƣΪͳν׼벻˼롣
ԪüѾǷǳƿƵĿԣѵ⻹ǳɹô
ƽҡҡͷĿ϶һεĿԣѧܷõ㹻ӣôҪ֪ѧѧۣܸ˴ȥƸȨһĳɹźС
˵΢΢һЦһһͿأɴ˿ɼ뺫ջһĲࡣ
Ԫյˣ㻹ôˡ
ƽٵе̫߰һǿڣԣһ¡
ߣ㻹ǴȣҾ취ŪˡԪպһֻӻֵȱˣ취ҽµѣ춼ĺǲţž͵û㱨ü飬ǻӥңǾٲά衣
ƽЦҲ˵Ҳûа취Ҳģʵһ벶ȸںҸ㡣




дд
ڼǱףôŪڰʾƿԲСΨ²ңУҵȥκһ
𣡡
¼æסڣȰ˾ˣҪտɲѽ
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Сʵ
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̵ŮôڰʾƿԲôôôˡ
Ҫ־͹帮̫̰ˡһֵ̾ҺôҲ޿ɺǣѧõӣһֱô
ϵҲܲкȥ
Ҹұ֤һڴձ֮ǰ帮϶⣬հһ¡˶٣ֵҲʲô£ɲҪǣѵʱǺһֱڰǡ
ڨڨЦҾʡ
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
ˣⲻ̫ԾʿѾŰ񣬵ǱôһŪ·Ѿ˸ˡԪһǳ帮˵
ԭһףӦֽգգ·Ÿոտʼ
ûȥЩеˣҶǣҵĿⶼƿ棬շøӽš
帮Ҳ׹ֻΪ£ģΪ̫ˣΪԶ糤޼ɡǣ޼Ѿ뵽յĿľˣһҲǺյһˣȥɣҲֻһλᣬ˵ѧǸʲô⣬ûȨûƣ涼һȺũϹо֮ͽмȥԺ⿼ֻΪһϸ£㿼ˣҲƲԸԺġ


ͨܵꡣ
ٺ٣磬ɣľ壬ллˡ
ܴܵŸո¥ǩԼЦˡ
ɣľЦлͲˣʵǮҪڴ棬ҿ϶ǲӦģôõ£˼ҿԣǸǮ
չһЦúúãһؾ˽ıˣ͵°ɡ˵ܵܵС֣ɵýһ㣬һҪԸµ֤ɱ˻ˮˡ
ܵЦ⺫ģһúöǵģ֤ʵҲһͶѣ˻ˮˣǾ͵¿ȻѾһɹˣΪණǮҪ
ЦЦУ̸ţȥһ񰲾֡


񰲾֣
ɣô
ȥģ

ΤǼͻȻǰȤһְ֮ͣС
յôûдѵӪܻˡ
ȻΪ˿ƿ
Ҳã
յͷõǡУȥܾ˾͡
Ϊ֮кã
񰲾ϰˬлʳ˵ؼϴǳ͡
ͻȻعͷôûп޼š
Τ޼ٻȥˡ
ô
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յ˵ͷȻȥܾ˾칫ҡ
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Ц
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𣡡
̴æסգôԽԽСˣ˵ſƿˡ
ҲΪƿ˵ţͻȻһԵΤۺ˼ģҲˡ
˼һ⼸ղǴôֲ
Цֲɢɢİ
Τۡ˼ľЦ
ãֲ
ֵܾ˾ϣƿƿԵĵգʼҾȫ
̴˵⻰ʲôˣһѾ´ûʼҾڴڼԴƲκ¸ŵ󿼡
յҲ֪Ҿ⻹

Ҿ񰲾ӦóһЩΪЩס￼ԶĻͿԽμӿԡ
̴ȵȥӿɴδйİ˵񰲾ҲǼ˽˵ѽ
յҸ˽ʮ񰲾֡
̴һô
ûУҲ֪ȥʱ˽衣
ΤЦǺǵգΪѧ㻹㱾Ǯ
̴ͻȻӦѽǰʿƵʱʶûһҪƿˣˡ
ô£˽˳ûж񰲾ֵǮյң񰲾ҲЩڻʼҾʻܲл񰲾ôЩ˹٣ǿ϶֧񰲾ְ
˼ĺǺǵգҿǷ㣬˽ģȴ˵ô˽ˡ
ʼУǲǵһʶңһֱ׷Ķ˫Ӯ


1262 Ϸںͷ
񳤰ΪֵĲƽҲУԺڵĻʼͼ
ΪƿƵĽֻ̿УŴӵܲϣƿ֤ʿƵİǴģӵȡһǣøŴӵķڷ
ʲôף
սŸոտʼ˴ҶϽ񲹡
ңҲڼ䣬ͼֻԿš
֣㲻ѾнʿôҲˡ
ʿͷʿ֪ŵͻȻ࿼Ƿǳȡ
ʵаĿûΪǶǻǮģѵҪٻһǮôԸ⻨ǺջȱǵǮ帮ѽæҹϵˣ˻ȥԣȻİš
֪ΪͷʿǺųҼȽҲ˭ſͣͷʿԭӦʲôģƫƫӵڶ⣬̫ԭϳ˼ͽܣǰƿľԱ׼ʿӵܶΪӦǵһ
֪ŵһЦ˭Ҳܾٻһͷ
⻰һЩʿӵܷ׷ŭĿС߯Ҳˡ
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֪ЦлӵĽԣҲһֱûгʤҸڶ̶ʱڣԳֱ仯ҲӲ֪Դ֮һֱѧʥ֮飬ȥ
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ƿƵĿԺԺģϾ¿Ĺ𣬵ϤʵҲϣԺø֪
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ˣˣնιȥˣ㲻ңҲûа취˵ʵ˵
ŶһεС˾ũѧԺЩϲС˿ȻҾ뵽ˡ

װáҲû˭ˡ
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ϧݶʹȫûʲô¶Ǳ־ԵɵЦ
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ԺȻ˲ŵ㣬һЩũ򡢹䵱ǽṹƶȡ豸ѾƣһĹһڶʵ̨һ̨ǰҵǽϹľ壬һ¼СݹũԣֱӼľϡ
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1270 Ҷǿ
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ƾȴô࣬ߣƬ̲ͣЪʱգƾʼ³ǻϣγɶ³ǵľֲƣһεսĿģҪ³Ҫ³

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ܹһеҲֻˣϾǸǰˮݣΨǸΨһǵһϵҲĴڣǱ˴˶Ը˺ο϶վںǱߵģҲûȥ˵飬ں氵ƶģ˵ݣŪѽ
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ƵƵͷ˵ģҪķṦΰͱ뾫󾫣ΪĿѾˣΨнһʢ޷󼰵ĵزпܳԽ񡣺ΪʲôҪȸ滹Ҫ˽ֵΪʷϵһ˵𱱷Ļʵۣһ㣬Ҳ㹻һǧˡ
帮ﲻ֪մʲô⣬ֻ㣬֣οԣ
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¬Կ˲ţԹ֮ҹ͢ҽҲҪɸѡôֻǻδӦ䣬ҲδôְҵΪôֻøãø֮⣬ʧܣҲβԿˡ
ʦҲǷ׷׵ͷⲻǽ˲ŵȣûʲôԵġҲûͲЩӻȥ
εͷǺã޾׼ˣԺѵ˲һ£ҲúʵѾ˵յʽ㷨㷨Ҹ׼ȷܲڼ鷳ã˵ѧ˲ţҲǺġȻںյǳ⡣
ϾĿԺôһĻҲ˳Щ˽볯еľ߲š
ڼջһ£Ҳ֪ĬˣҪֹ֤£ҲǶһ֤ȨûɶϵµʿɾʹͬˣΪƿƱԺУؼûܹȥҪǻܽԺľƷԺʿȨţԺֱӴиĹһԾΪֿȵȨţУ£㻧ʽѧ˲ţûԱԺѧϰΪƻƶȡ
յдԲӣʵԱѧϰʽѧˣͬʱҲȱܼ֡򵥣Ǵƿ̫죬һӶôһأ˿ڡء˰ɶһ£һ˲ţҲӦõġ
ڵȱˣ㲻֪˵ôеǳ͢г͢ƶȣֻ㻧ȱ˲ţԲ˳͢ƶȣĹǲͬҲԡ
Ц䣬ҪյѾ˵ѡοԣͲƻƶȡ
帮Ͻ£Աﶮѧѧ֮ϣΨԺܹ⣬ǻɣǳС֮ĶȾֻ֮ôĻ߸ѵǱִɣԾǲֿԣⲢҪˡ
Цǲ֪кߣĿǰĵȷȷҪⷽ˲ţܹ˲Ÿһҿջһ¡
帮΢΢üιԱȥԺѧϰѧ֮ȥΡ
յҲУЩԱƿƴ󿼣֮󣬲ʸԺѧϰҪһûУǸɴʡѵˣԺûô๦򡣡
帮գ޲纫һ˼Һò׵˹٣˼ȥμӿƿԸȥ
һۣЦλ֮⣬ףеĿǰԣҲûа취İ취ΪֻкΪ˽ѧպ㹻˲ţǺȻͲᵣô࣬ʱȾɡҲźջģǵĻʼѵӪĴƾѧԺն÷ǳɫҲǳƽ
帮վںǱߣҲҲõİ취ؼû˶ԺҲֻա


1272 һһ
󹬣
ǺǣСǴָ֤˲ţ
ص󹬣ζںأ޲ڣԺͻֻΣؼ⿼֤ǰһԣ̫ӱˡ
һ˵ô
Ŷһһµݸ
ϸ˿üһ壬Ĭ
κôѵ⡣
ŶȻǡһҲǳֻ롪
˵ţֹ
εлֱ˵ǡ
ǣһֱѧԺʦǳңǲһʦ֤飬һѧԺøӹ淶ҲܰѧԺոʦ
ʦ֤˫Ŀһ


ʱգȻǴȫʤյĿǰҲѾﵽ߰˰ˡ
ΪһͷԺʵĸı䡣
֪нգ˵ʲôҲֹսԺġɱ񰲾ҪֲĶ࣬񰲾ֵĿԺһ㣬ְҵ̫ǿˣʼҾɵ׿Ҳܾ˾Ҫ󳼿ɲ񰲾ֵĹϽΧڣʼҾ볯Ϊ٣ҲǷǳѺżȻģΪĿǰûпԹʼҾ볯Ϊٵͨ
ԺͬԺֱӿͨԺ뵽ƹܲȨģռǺܴģίɵط϶
Ժ츲صĸı䡣
ϧһֱû뵽һ㣬ֻ˵ص̫ˣԺʱɲô˵ãֻ˵з𶼲ģԺԼǿԺǲ漰κȨĹ
ҪǧĻҲţҲֻܹԼˡ
մͲ֮ʣ·ģֻ·еһҪĳЩ¼˷ʤ
ΪʲôҪڣ۵㣬Ժ
ôڵõεĶ׼֮ȻڵһʱĽϢȥȻ˿֤ϢֻǴԺϢ
ɼˣϢһ˼ķ졣
۷׷ףԭôģ
¼ȡ֮󣬶ͨİţ˵ȥܹȥÿϵģҲû˵ĸ
ֶѵģʽֱ߸Ƕڹٳĸ
̫ԭҡ
˹ҲȻ뵽ôһ취ΪԺ˲š˭ȥ¬ʦҡͷ̾Ϣһ̣óϷˣûһУǺǰĶôۿۣȻǷǳȣûôıԺڴĿеӡɾȫͬˡ
е¬֣ѵַʽѵӪǳô
¬ʦһ㶣ɲô
벻ǣҪҪǣԺò˲ţԺյֶΣԺδ궼ᱬ˵ңȻմ⣬ôԺľƷԺʿ½½볯еҪš
еǽʿӵܴԺ˳紬һЩ
¬ʦԺǺһЦҲҪˣմ˾ֲؾҲȷʵԩ
ͷ
һ̾ΪԺȡõΪпһʧܣΪ֪ǸףҲ꣬ܲ
¬ʦʵ߶ڵĿѡôѡ
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¬ʦԲСЦ˵öԣȻԺԽ뻧ǻþһϵеѵʱ̫ãԸ
¬ʦԵѡʿƵĻҪ帮ڡ
Ц¬֣ɲҪǣ֮ԼڣΪõ˱µ⣬ΪȽʿʿеĵλں帮ǰ׵ӹòãĻҸӻѡƿˡ
¬ʦԻȻ򣬵ˡ
ḧСڹļ׿ǣ˵ڡ帮æŶԸգﻹоչҡ
΢һЦ֮ǵǵĻᡣ
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¬ʦ⻰粻̫ѽյĹϵƺ
Ц˭Ҳϲһֱȥ룬Ҳǵı˵յλʿ֮ôⲢӰ֮Ĺϵ
䣬һ˾ͼææ˽С˵˼䡣
üͷһ壬⻹ûꡣ
üôأ
̾ջһС

ԺϢųãڿ֤ϢҲ˳ⷽϢֻ˵ڼܿʼּûϸ˵ɼˣһһͣ˵ĿͶԺ
վҪӪһ಻ϵơ
ϢųãԺѾˡ
ƿƼڵĿˣһЩ߶ڵġ
ɣ洫˵ԺԺ˲ţǲģ
ΪǺհзųϢڹٷٷҪʾĻþʡ帮϶϶ǶãԣҶ֪Ǽ٣Ҳ֪ǿѨ硣
ջŭĸ˵Ϣй¶ˡ
һԵ룬ûˣԼ˳ڡ
˵ЩϢģ
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εĵͷڻȱ˲ţʴԺϣԺܹԻ͹ѵרŵ˲šҲΪʲô»Ŷ񣬾ϣԺܹһЩˣ˲ŵȱʧԺĹɺ
Ǿϲ֮ɫ
ǲ֪ѵҪôܽ뻧
ѵִŷ֣һǻѵҲѧϰͳƲڶ־ҵľѧѧõһʵܹ뻧ˣΪȱⷽ˲ţԺһεĹǲҪ˼£ôӳԶȥǣѧϰѧΪ˰ڻȡýԺὨһѵϵͳģǻϸ֪ͨνֻһ·ͨԣ֪ģԺּΨǾ٣ʲô˭˭˭ĶӣԺã㿼˾Ϳˣûоûпϣô򵥡
ǱƵͷתЩڳûйϵĿֱǵð
ֲȻһҪ˵һ䣬ԺķչǷǳģǰһƬԺҲʧΪһõѡ񡣡
˼ԺҲһȨֵĹƿԺְﻧѵ˲š
һˣ˵Ժѧּ֤飬ǲģ
٣ǵϢ֪ͨ
տյҡҡͷһ£ΪѧרҵѧУԺȨǻὫѧеһЩרҵֵܻȼԿʵ֡Щ˵ģǳдҲڲõĽԺ䷢֤飬Ǿ˲ŵҲԺδһشƻ
ȻòǺܶǶúţƵġ
ЦλǶɾӵĹ£Τȵ̫֮ȥͽͬĵԺȻŸոսãȷһЩĵطǴҲӦÿԺķչٶȣֻ˵˵ģΪĿǰѧŸճã˼ȱЩ˲ţ꣬ҪԺǾƲȽĹݼ򵥡ǿɵϧᰡ
֪һЩмйϵĿԥΪǲμƿƣֻΪʿ֮ʧһλᣬҲֵǣǻл̤;ġ
ǺеҪ˲ѧԺûװ޵ʸҪֳԺ˲ŵء


1273 ֤
һȫµƶ˶δǳϣͬʱҲЩĿڲҪ֪˵Ļһȥƴѧϰѧ

ġ
Ҫ֪ʿƼҲһܹȥƴȥҹϵȻĿǰԣҹϵҲ˻ΪĿǰǺƶ棬ԺĻֻҪŬֻҪܶͨԣл뻧͹Һջ˵ˣĲź
֪ûԸᣬЩŴյӵܣΪԺǿƣѾ˶Ŀ࿴ˡ
ҲûдʹֹһĹƣ·ҪһԺĻȥ
Ժ壬ԼӡˢǩԼӡˢ鼮ԺҪͶǮֻյӡˢԹٷӡˢԺָ鼮ȻӯҲȫ麫յӡˢ
ǱԺ͢Ҳп϶谭Ժķչ¶͢Ļ̫ˣԼǾͼ򵥶ˡ
ⷽ棬˼Ҳö˵ʲôʵƶ鼮ҪǺգֻҪԺһٷ壬ȻԺĻһ˻ǲеġ
ӡˢ鼮ԺδΪҪļƻϣϹѧ鼮Ҫľġ
п϶ҲͼģϾѧôȣĿҲǳעѧ˺еȡҵӡˢӡˢ鼮֮󣬻ύۡ
鼮ĻΨкִʣںһڼƻУȥʱţ϶ǼƻõģϾ֮ʱдһЩñʱűֽд϶д߰˰ˣûж飬Щ֪ʶǿѧҲֻдһţһЩҪݺ͹ʽдȥ硢ȥƳģͼ鼮ǽҲͦµġ
ͬʱڻ͹ĺ£ԺԺҲѾҪ׼ˣٶǷǳ֮졣

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ŴΪյ
Ǹûиκ˵ΪҪ͸¶ƱػܵԸ谭ͱ黳ˡ
ҽ黳ŴҡҡͷһΪѵ˸е㷲ڻôˣűҲֵǽˣһҪô˶еǳǡ
ЦҪ󻧲ĹģҪ滻ǲҪ˸еκνǡǣҲȣǻֻܣҪΣɲǰˣҪлϣѧϵľŶԺƳ֤˲ŷּһ£ǶӦ˵˰ɡ
Ŵһ㶣˵ˣ㲻ǻĹԱȥɣ
Ϊʲôأ
Ц⼼಻ѹ
Ŵ̵ҿɲȥһûпǶඪ˰
պǺǵҵȻȥһҪͳƲЩȥ
ŴȫЩҲ֪ɶã¶æйȥ԰
յǣǽĻһὫ֤һҪĲο
ŴһǱŴȥԼȥ˵ҿɲˡ
ЦʲôˣôôҿǱֻ֤Ҫ֤飬Զסɾ롣Խ󣬿ԾͻԽѣΪⷽ˲ŻԽ࣬һṩⷽ鼮ѧϰֻҪѧϰƾǵĻһ㶼ġ
ŴΪҪô
պǺǵȻΪԺۼĹȥİȻǳЩ֤飬ԵԽ֤࣬þԽ໥ġ
Ŵǲ̫ǺҪô˵ֻЩǻǺ˵㡣
ڴ󿼵ȻδɢȥʱԺ׳һذϢ֤ǰСϢǾ֤顣
֤ʦ֤װʦ֤ʦ֤ʦ֤ҽ֤
Ȳ˵ˣȥѾǸߴˣϾ˷÷졣
⣬֤ȫġ
һڴձ֤飬ΪϸĽ͡
ÿ֤鶼֮ôȼΪ֤̫ˣ֤飬һ߼ѧڡ
Ҵձ֤ΨǾ٣Լ˲ŵļֵȻ˷Ҳиߵ֣֮ƾʲôõǮһģԽ߼˲ţӦõĸࡣ
ͬʱҲ֤δļֵյȻǴģΪģΪصľƣȻôⷽ
зװʦ֤ͽʦ֤ŮԿš
˲䣬ƿȱɢȥˣ֤һӳΪ۵Ψһ⡣
̫Ȥˡ
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дд
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ނҲһδɵСӣƾʲôһܷȻʦⲻǺôôܻӦ˵ţ㿴¬졣
¬ҲһƵʱ֤ȡŵĽʱֻ˵˽һЩֵܻȼвδᵽнʦ֤ΪֻһЩɼưˣʴ˾ȥˣû뵽лʦһŮ˿š
֣æⲻ۾֮ô
üô϶Ǹġ
ނüǲȥĻ˶ΪʦǻҪ
ʦ֤ڹǼĳڹŴʦǷǳ٣Ͼʶֶ٣Ϊʦߣǽǵ¸ء֮ʦĻֶ붼ǳЩҴ壬кܶ󳼶ʦ֣ǣ֤ĻǶǵ˺̫ˡ
֮⣬һЩдҲ亦
ھⰡ
֮ϡ
£ԹǽʦصˣعʦظΪʦߣ²ż汸ϳΪڲŻҪΪҪƾһ֤۸£˵ĻЩ֮˾ΪʦѧΣӡԺϳʦ֤
ȿԺϳʦ֤
ֻ֮Ͼһߺʩѹ
ǻ쵽գҪͽ֮ʣǼȵߣô
֮εͷۺգ˵㻹Щ˵ǰ
ȻȾ֪ģȴӦȻգú취ô󳼷ԣΪʵۣƽ⣬Ҳ̫ˣԵ·ˡ
Ѿ׼վ˳ֵλͬţԺôȫʦصľ񰡣
˵
һѧʿӵ۵ʦ֤ƾ迼Իȡ⿼ܹ˵ôȻԹʦĸǵ¸֮


1274 
¬ѧʿûϸԺڴձľϸڰɡ΢΢Ц
¬ĴѧʿߵʲôϸģҾ㣬Ҫʲôʦ֤ǲֻҪͨԣ
Ǳ룬ֻһ˵ûпϸˡЦҡҡͷȴ룬㼴ϸҲ̫ˣҾ͸һ°ɣ֤һʦ֤ҲǷֵȼģȷͼֻҪͨԾͿˡǣÿһǱ뾭꣬һҪõ߽ʦ֤ҲҪʮꡣ
ǴʣҾ㣬ƾ⿼һ˵С¬ѧʿߵ
ղʵǸ¬ѧʿʦƾʲô֤ԼĵأŶԶûУԺרŵĿԡҳʲôʿ壬ҺũҳҲ˻ɣͬƷҳܴƷôȻܣܾһЩŴӵܸɵЩ¡
֮ԱǣҪǻǱˣ϶Լĳ帮ˣǺÿÿᵽԼĳôİôǷ⡣
۳Ͳ۳
¬ѧʿҲʱʿ帯̫ˣֵ¸أǳܹģҪʱյĻۣ׻˵úãվòżģҲõȵ˲֮꣬ʱһǳĵУ˲ǵ¸ء
˵ʲô
ղҪʲôۣ
ҪʱյĻۡ¬ѧʿʱ䣬ʴǿһ㡣
պǺǵɴ˿ɼҷŵĶʮ꣬ǴʣûΪʲôҪ趨ҵ֮󣬲ܿһҽԿԣ߲Ż˵Ļҷ𣿺ñ¬ѧʿĲŻֱӿ߼Ҳûʲô⡣𣿡
¬ѧʿʱһ㶣δ뵽һ㣬ҲΪֹǰ˽ĵġ
ܼ򵥣ΪѾǵˣһ˵ĵУһһϦ£Ҳһܹ˵ģҪʱĳ¬ѧʱԣվòżģʦ²УԶҲԸʦûĽѧޡȻĳܹΪʦ̶֤ʮ꣬оֹѾΪϰߣ˵ʦ֤ܾһ˵ƷУǹյһЦյĲǶ֮飬֮ûдǰһ󶯸λ
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¬ֱسȻӲվɣͼĽʦֻ֤ԲŻˣѵͼʦͲǽʦ𣿡
һЩȻǷž͸е⻰ЩԾɾʲô˵ʵһ㣬Ҳˣô©Լôû뵽ֻ˵˵ֹ졣
أ΢Ц¬飬˵Ҵƾųɰղ֣Ƿͬ
¬һ㶣ͷҵȻͬ
ʵ˵ֵԽ࣬ҴԽǿʢǷͬ
¬첻һش̫죬΢һܲͬ룬ˡ
ʵ¬飬ΪʲôҴưֵأ
¬˼Ƭ̣ԭ򡣡
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һһֶˣʦȻҲٵÿҲΪʲôҪŪʦ֤һԭϣܹӸĽʦܹøĺ֣ຢһᣬҪŴǰţҲΨˣƻǿʢ
ڵһ㣬ôѭҵĶɣϡΪ󣬹ʴ˽ʦ÷ǳʦǷëǣʽΪˣʦҪۣǧѡõģգòõĲգûǮĲաҲΪʲô󲿷˴֣Ϊû˽ǡ
ȻҲΪʲôվֹʦֵ֤ĸԭΪһʦôǵƽڡ
¬üͷСôϬһѪ
Ҳ˼ĵͷ
㡪
мô棬վ˳
Ȼᣡ
һ̧˵ȡձ˵÷ǳͼʦֻ֤ΪɵʦҲǽСѧĶ֣ŽʦȼߣǲܽµѧʣôǵѧȻҲӦӡ
ܱ֤ʦѧѧϰศɵġȻҲϣп϶һЩ©
ЩԵˣ۽ʦʲô涨ô˵һʦҪʲôʲôҪ˵䲻ûҪʦԶҪһȫûйƶȵĶ˵һϸƶȵĶãһ治֪ĵ
С¬һ졣
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ǲ촰˵ֹ֮Ǻ½ʦ̫࣬ǲԵѡӡ
Ҳ֪ǿ϶ԣһҪôΪǣΪԼǶ֪ũҳҸľҲƣүү̣Ͳû˸¹򣬲һԶ˼ҽϼ֪֡еᣬҲ֪еΣϾ¸еͿûǮûƵˡܹ⣬ΪһˣΪҲκˡ
˵˫ĿͻȻһɣҲ̫ˣֻ׼άҴ棬ȴ׼ũҳȥЩӶʶ֣ⶼǳˣõպôأǲȵǵβ
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˵󣬺ĨĨ۽ǣǷۿòٴΪ֮ݡ
ǰո˵ĸоǴǹལͱˣǽյĺȴǳԣ㸡䣬ҲûԼףƤЦġ
·һһ䣬Ƿθٴ󲿷ôõģѾ㹻ˡ
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1275 Ҫһ
ʱգһȭȫǴȫʤ
ǸݺյĶԣԲǽǸոտʼΪ϶ģһꡣΪһǧ˼άܣ֮ģȸ꣬ҲǷǳġ
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ÿضˣ֪ˣҲסΪѿվʲôͼٸһλᣬ벻Ժݱ
һҲȫǺƣʵʦ֤ûж棬ʵҪøܹܽΪ˲Ż׼ı䷨Ҫ˲ɵģӢߣӳеһŶӣ֪һ޷㶨ģҪǧľӢ֤ãʵǸѧṩչĿܡ
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1278 ʢ֮
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ЦգѧԺһ׽ܵİ
շǳǫ¹ˣ緽ԣѧԺ־ѧĻʣԼֹϵ̬Ҳû˵Ҫһ֮ĿĲͬȻʽҲͬټѧԺʦǳᣬദҲһЩͬʵҾʿѧԺֽʽܹҶ
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ⲢֹѧԺĻƣÿСӱĻ²ˡ


1280 ж˲
ͨܵڵС㳡Ѿһɹ󸾸ռˣΪǵ˽
㿴ͼȤ
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㻹ǲѽ˽տģͲһƽϡյΪТ㲻ҪĿأ
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ӹһײĹâĿģѧԺֻһ㣬Ҫĸʦ֤ҲΪ׼ģǰѧСȫ淢չΪյļƻ㹻˲šʵ˲ţն̫ЩСΪڵ˲ѧöҵңǡŶùš˼ȱ£ҪĲ䣬͸ˡ
ԵͷͻȻյգο
ҡͷжϣѧԺĳɹԣѧԺʦǷǳģѧֶ˼ҵĺӣ֮ǰûܹĽܹȻܣѾܹܹת⻹˵
帮һ㶣ѵҲ´ʺ˼ˣ
ѧԺ棬սУǿ϶շԣ֤ﲻһ
һĨ죬ܿͷӦ˹򻹲һ㡣
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СҰһС֣ôأ
ܵܳҭѵúܸжôǳϲգѾԼ뵽СϣΪ˶ҲǺܲģϣܹ˲Ż˵øж
СҰȴҡҡͷɬûһ˿ĶݣΪСų⣬Ըַǳ°ǿңҲǣǲҾǶ˵仰ٿ࣬ҲڵΨкպСܹж˵ǻõͦģʶ˾͸Ӳö˵ˡ
ܵգգۣԴʵҵĻҲжô
СҰСֵļЦС֣ģҪˤˣһᱳܵġ


1281 벻
ıҪһЩϾŴû·ƣһһȥ
˶ĵһȡ˿ǰĳɹ絽磬ûм٣ӣԤƵջһЩ
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⻹Ǹѧáհֹһ䡣
գغ÷ͻȻ
Ů໥˿лҪ˵
ԪհѽһŮ˾鷳˵յգģ÷ϣܹӥȥѧԺ飬ܷæ

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ԶǱȥеƬ̣ͼվԶǱߣкСּͣСּͣ
ֻܵƸܸܵεվߴɫ档տһ֣æ߹ȥ

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ѧԺνһڶ졣
ڴ֮ǰҹעѧԺβϣûȥעѧԺģνѧģѧɼΡȻһյ˶ᣬѧԺĻ̴˴ע⡣
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ǾɵĺãµĺãҲ˼ۣĸײ㶼ˡ
ͬʱѧԺΪ˺ѧԺǶϲգĽѧʵǳȤ˼㣬ʦϰʮģһѣֻ֪֮ҲʲôȫûСѧԺʦᡢг˼ҲҲոѵÿˡ
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үүû۸ǣ۸ˡԪСһ񣬵Сո磬벻زˡ
յʲôʱ۸ˡ
СӥȥѧԺȴǣǲϲˡ
ϲɣǵʦĸ쵰ѽҲȥԭġ
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ȣҪȥ˵ĻǽȥԪұ˭档Σƾǵ츳ѧԺʦ̵ܽǡ
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ԪףСոƺ˵ͦеġ
ţ
նЦȥѧԺ찡
Ȼ찡
Ԫͬ


1282 
ԪЩСƨȻûʲôʿĸǼʵ̫ƤˣԪǻ쵰ѧһ˵ı죬ҪȥѧԺǻ죬˭Ҳѹסǣ˺ǲȥѧԺġ
԰棬ԪǱȥԼˣ˵Ҫһ棬ֻǺյһԸˡ
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бĿһƳ̾ڻ֪ΪʲôԷԭˡ

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Ŷһѹ¸ѩĹϵôá
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1283 ом
Ȼ벻ǣһ˶Ŀ
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¸ûĿһֱųǰѡ֣ĸ棬ӮӮ䣬Ⱥڰ׻ҪһЩ

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ЦⶼΪѧԺŮʦʱһЩ谭ǶҪ֤Լ˲ŻԿؼҡ
εͷȤһɴ󳼵λο⣬Ů˾ϲʵʦ
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Ȼ֮ԱǣֻǰԼǳۡ
Ϊµľ˾ˣҲøȻбĿһƳգҲôΪôдм־ζùܹˣ̫ˡ
շǳ˵£Ϊ˵úеŶӺŮⷽȷʵҪǿϾ˺ʤǿŮϰڸˣŽŮ˵ԡ
ͷͷǵβ
޵˵öԼˡ
ͽеͽ
Ա˺һۣûˡ
࣬ƽȣ·רģȻ֪ʲô˼Ҳûа취Ů˵ҲͱһۣҪǰ˵ǻؼ֮ӿɾͲùˣ˲㣬Ϳһ֮˭ʱడ
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æ͵£ѧԺǲŮѧģϲ֮䶮໥˰Ůս
̲סǶֻСޣûνҪǻɳ˻ǾƲеġ
ճûи۵ȻȻѧԺʦŮֿġ


1284 ټ
ʵǰĶܾϽѧԱܣҲʧɫٵģΪв߻ѧԺĶԿûʲôԤѡҲûʲô̭ѧԺѡѡֲֻǹ涨ҪŮҹ涨ҪģһŮУԺĶԿ
ȻһҲΪµĺʤģҪ˵£ʵҲûдһ㲻漰ͥڲг£ǻӦµġ
Ԥ
ԱһɤΪΪȫһƬž˵Ŀⶼϡ
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СṴֳֶ̊ʱȫ̱һݵ˻ǷǳģûʲôйṩһǳõĳҪ˼ʲôݣԾź˶ˣЦû⡣
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ͻȻӱ۴һǶԵ÷ǳ
ԭ·ѡѾڰ·ѡ֣ɼҲŮԿ
бĿһƲƲ죬ҲУ·һо֮С
ռ¹ŸǽϾȥˣûйȥΪеţﷴࡣ
ٹڼζôͶ룬ǡ
ǱϾŮܵûһλŮѡӰĻڶûпǳ棬һӻδ͵ǽӰѾʼˣкƣô棬ϸĵ˷ֻɢһЩ׷ۣҲܹµô¡
߶˳ӰҲóڽӰĹУϽҪĺá
ǷǳŰ
ûбԭ򣬾ǲῴǵģ
úһһνӰϽҲûԶΪÿؽӰʱͱȽϽͱȽϸ壬ȻԸϣʵȷʵˡʦ׷ٶȣЩϸڣ˲̫ȥģϾҲʲôרҵĽŮʦĻǳעÿһϸڡһڱֵ쾫¡
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μǿɻôͽкˣһϽһѡѾ׷ϲ٣ȻֱܵϣϽѡٶͻȻѡ־ǰöܹھǸһ
Ҳʼȭ΢΢š
ˣǸӲ˵ˣþȫźţ̫̼ˡ
յǰʮ֮⣬Ͻѡ˷ϽѡֵһȣϽѧԺ֧ߣĶֱܵӽСҰӼ䣬ŪСҰãȻ˼СҰʼվͺܵܵܵļСοš
ҲܽţȭգֱԼѧյ˲䣬žٱ۸ߺӮˣ
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ǵѧǷ׷յ㣬˵ӵһ𣬷ź
ѧԺѡ֣žžવµҲû뵽Լޣһ̲סǵͬǰȥοǣһĻҲжڳеˣǶǺӣܱߵĹڷ׷׹ƣ͸ʤߣ͸ʧߡ
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ڿĻʽ˵Ǽ򵥵һ˵ԺҲ֪ΪʲôԼǵô̡

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ڴҶȥԷϢʱ򣬹ԱٳϿʼáҲûţæµʱΪƵĽ״ҪлʵۡʺױģⷽѧԺʦͰڲƽˣɺճʵǣ֣㲻ӻʵ۰
£ʺ󣬴İ佱ôŵģǿôڸĽɻʺ䷢ЩŮ˶Ա񽱣Ŷӽȵȣɱ䷢
Ϊأʵ
κǺǵѧԺڻʺģȻΪ˵ôô졣
Ǿ԰ɣ

ʱ֣ȻѾȫˣǹڲδ٣ϾֻǿĻʽδĻʽҰ佱Ŷ˰ΪնԣȻŹһ緹ܹ԰˴ǳ棬ȾѾ͸ȥ佱ĿľЩˡ
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콱̨Ҳǻ˺յһ˼ܸһ˶Ա߸վ콱̨ϣʵۻŲӿû콱̨ȱһ˼˺ս콱̨Ƶ̨ǰ棬һպ뿴̨ƽÿһǺܴΪСվøһ㣬Ҳûθߡ
£һѡϵ̨żŽ״뽱ƷĹŮǰƷǷ¥ģǵõķıڹŴǷǳģһͻһסŮӵĻǹá
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Ѿ޵ϡﻩˣһĨᣡ
ʵܶýѡֵĸĸǿ޵Ƕԣֱͬһ㣬˫סûϲã𾪣ǲš
䷢֮󣬴Ϊ佱񵽴˽ˣû뵽˾ǾȻڼͨ
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һ㶣񽱣Ҳ֪ΪʲôССһ¡
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Ϊˤ˾ͱ˳Ŀһ񣬱ƵģͻȻԼ֣˶ɵˣֱʦŷӦϽϵý̨Ϊֻǲˣû˽ǣϢһѾõĲˡ
ֿǻʵ佱ˣĽĿŨˣŪô¡زǳô
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һԵĳ̴ҲĽˣһ۵ұܵĿ죡
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Ŷӽ⽱ûа䷢ѧǰ䷢ѧԺŮʦǡ
½㣬Щȥɣ
ȥɣֻҪվ棬ҾӮˣһͷںŮ֮ΪԺյ˼ɽȥ콱ѩȥģѩܾˣϲֻͷǲ롣
ѧԺŮʦɶǹҵŮҲʶһ㲻ʶҲνΪˣȻܰ佱ЩŮʦеĽ̸˼䣬ֻϧûֻڣյȻҲƣΪԭΪ»ѩ̨ǵȻѽ⽱Ʒ浹ǰʻ
ĸŮʦվڽ̨ϣ߾ʻϽѧԺѧԼ֧ߣҵ
а˺ܶ⡣Ϊ˵ǣһŮĿŵվͷϡ
̨µ¿һĻۿ΢΢ЩʪҪһĻ
佱֮ȻǱĻʽ
Ļʽһڡս
ңĲ̫վΪ˶ճ̰Уҵĵڶ¶棬Ԥʾ˶ἴҪˣҴ˿ȴĲᣬһ˶ʵǳҵԤ̫̫ˣǵı̫ʣǵϲáˡʧ䡢ᡢˮ֡ŬӡǵԺУҲж˺ܶܶˣӦþ˶ľڴҪлǣлҵ뷨мֵ˵лл
һʱ䣬׶
˺ðΣŽͣϧûвɢϯ֣صһһȵѧԺ＾˶ʽĻټ
һ̵Ľ˵ʱҵԺڷһĻĻĲᡣ
˺˵һ


1285 
һ˶ڴ󲿷˿ѧԺһڲˣȻ˭Ҳû뵽˶ᾹݱΪ˳аյһʢ磬ʿŮһ벻ĺ䶯Ҳû뵽ݱԤƵûҪʢĶࡣ
ֹģʢ磬Թδйġ
ΪƳ֮ǰʢ磬϶ǹ룬ûеȫĽǶȡ
һжںյԤƵУΪǳһȥģļƻϵͳԵģǱ˽ʦ֤ҲضѧԺӰҪ˽ƽ⣬ΪӪ
Ļʽ󣬺ǿʼ԰༶Ϊλ½½뿪԰ûлεѧҲһСӣΪ԰ô棬㽱͸㲻ʲôȻʵǲģǴӳڣΪֵ죬ڣҵţԼҸĸо
Ϊ˷ܵľ£ûиһȥѧԺʦһ԰߳ʤ֮裬һˣһϣ޷һϲãΪһˡ
磬˶沢ڼҡ
СҰͷĴ󺹵ܵǰ
յͷǾ˰ɣС֣ǻȥɡ
Ϊ԰زǺԶʴ˺ձȥ˶Ͼûȥݡ´ˣǾСҰȥ˶ȴڼҡ


˶ȻˣȲûȴһֱ¡
СͲ˵ˣ԰ʱ򣬾ͲϵĳҪȥѧԺҲı˶ѧԺĿΪô˵ѧԺѧǻʺѧһʺ˵ĿأǺлڻʺͻʵǰ¶棬һʵۡʺųĺӣǰ;֪ҹѧϰĽǶ˶۲쵽ѧԺѧֿ׼ִֵ󷽣ʧǣǳ£ȫһЩǲĺӡ
˵˵ڶգٴԹķǳȺӵȥϽѧԺͨգԼžȥѧԺ
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ΪϽʦǹҵŮǶʶģ˼ֹΡ
ȻѧԺϿݶǸ˶йأĿεĻʦѧʶԼղõҵҵ˶ж˲䡣
ѧǶһòòҲľ̿дŤŤ֣ȻкյֽŶǶԣǷǳģǿɲںս͸ǵСдҵ
ǰεĸŮȴǳ棬ЩѧͲôдô֣ǼҺӻҪһЩٸ˴ǰȥ˿ŷֲٲĸɵģһѯʲ֪ƴ
ƴʵҲһʱˣǱܹúãֻǰҶѧԺûôȥע
ѧҲˣķܲٶȡ
ѧǱδǳӻԾķԡ
Щǰεĸˣһ̲֪ǵĽʽѾԶԶˣǵĺӶ飬տʼ棬ѧú𾢣ԽԽͲ飬ЩСϿθƵãĵĲˡ
ң⼫˹ײĿֻţѧԺѧѧϰٶԶԶҪĶ࣬Ū˴꣬Тת˼ѧԺĺӹ¶֪˶ƪˡ
ٲֹɴԼҲŪһѧԺһжѧѧԺʦҲУϽѧԱʦǹҵŮô
Ǯ⣬Ҳ⣬̿أ
̿ǺŪģҶһģΪʲôѧԺĿûȤΪǲ˺ƶĽ̲ģ̲ĶóѧԺģԶһġ
ȻĹǾܾģֽʽΥ˴ͳǰֽʽǱ۵ġ
ڹײ㣬Ѱգɲ˼ôࡣ


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Сո磬Сո磬ƹƹ񡭡
⻹û꣬˵Ҳڼҡ
ɡǷź˳ƹǣֻ֪Сոڼҡ
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Ū˶֮󣬺վʹΪ֮׼ǰݷõһһĿľֻһϣܹԼСȥѧԺ飬մӽ絽ڣδЪһͣ
һֻ޷㡢һҵйص˵˽
ΪƿƵĳɹ°ΪҪȡƣǻ߹ϵƿԶԣͷǳƽˣôѰգԼӵܶԣôȻƿƣΪûйϵѽôĿǰԣûмʦƿƣΨѧԺѧǳҪĿγ̣ҪСѧϰƿƣֻȥѧԺ
Ϊʲôս˶ڴ󿼺棬ΪศɵģȺ˳ǷǳҪġ
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޷Ҳûа취ǮôҲþ裬ϣҲѽ˵ӵܣʦѣΪ˺ǮʲôһøϿ죬ҪŶӵѽ
һ̸ܿͽˣҲΪҲˣֻ̫һ㡣
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ûа취ֻʵʵĳӭ֣ôΪʲô֣ϣֻΪ֣а̫æѧԺ֣֣ǳǮֳҲǳҪ֣У˲Ҫóӭ
֣ӣ㲻ҲΪѧԺİɣ
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֣ûģΪ𣿡
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գգ۵˻
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٣
ͻһǧˡ
ʲôһǧˣ
վһҪʿĽడ


1286 ֮
ʲôϵĿ֣С
֪Ϊʲôô

˵һ֣ͻȻӦ˫۵ѵ
֣е˵ͷһʼ·ԱǵĺӶѧԺ飬ⲻһ˳ȻĸˣҵȻҲû뵽պѧԺ˶ѡȴˣҶΪҵ·ǽѧԺĲ;֪޷ķ˶ȥˡ
ǰɣ벻Ǽһﻹ׼΢΢һֹǧǵóѽһָǶһǮġ
ʲô
ûʲôȽɣ
֮󣬺ֵ㲻Ҫô˵ĻԾܾǰ
⡪
֣ü治ھܾˣǶЩնѣΪЩղף¸ĸģԼӦҪǣҲô࣬ԹģӾӿɲϲԹĿĺܼ򵥣ϣȫİ취Ҫôأ
յŶ
ǶΪ˺ӲģѧԺܹװôˡ֣еҸûǱ֤½ҪҲǺѵġ
⵹ҲŶ
ü

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յ£˵һ㣬ǿ¸ĸġ˭ϣԼĺܹɲţܹгϢôΨһĳ·Ƕ顣ѰպˣǵĺƽʱҪ鶼ǼΪѵġ֣Ϊţϳ͢ߣǵĺӽϣȥѧԺĻǷֹܹأ
һۣ˼Σ˵ȥ
յӰʵǵĳǺܶն𣬶͢ҲҪΪؼľΪն֣͢گֻͨȥ߰գҲֻͨȥ˽⳯͢ߡһĺӶѧԺ飬ôʶַ͢Ҳˡ
Һѧϰ֪ʶڻʺѧԺôоͻγɹҵĸһζֻ֪Щ編ҲäĿ治֮ⶼǱĬģ̫ĶҪ͢档
Ŀ⼱ȴõóôǮѧԺ
Ҫ
ЦʺĪˣ˸Լĺܹѧ飬ҲֵҪֻҪѧԺϳ͢ߣֵĵطѧԺǮͶһӦģΪǿܻ׬øࡣ
ȣǾѧԺǵĺӾܹȥѧԺ顣⣬ǹӶũĺҲܹѧԺ飬һĻֻ»иũԸ⽫ˣ֮ǰߣʵǽطŵ͢Уɳ͢ˣڳ͢յؽԽԽܹ࣬صļ沢Լ͵˰©˰
գĻŭѽӰҲģܹһ㣬ѾˣȻ纫ԣȡ֮ѧԺͬʱѧԺܹٵĶţڶͬһðԽŵƳΣȻ֪ӦûӦϾǣĺ棬ﻹЩġ
˼ΣͷǲʱЩܾ͢ߵֻ»׷Ī
ԣͬҲһãֵȻͲ׸ˣܹ񣬶ǿƣڳ͢Ǻ£Ҳûֻ˵ӰôѧԺ棬Դﵽܺõƽ⣬ҲκζΪ룬Ҳ˵͢ǣԸģѧԺûǿ顣ռ˫нǽڻУǵȻڱ׵ģܹչʵҪ˼롣
ʥյΪֻ͢ȷĵ·ϣȥѹȰգʹǺõģҲյķ
ɿˣ֪ҲԼ̬ˣЦŵͷⲻΪε˼ô
ЦŵͷͬʱҲҵĽ̻˼룬ߺ϶ΪһҴĻľڡðɣ¾ȥɡ
Ҫκۡ
΢
˵ֵ£ʺ󣬳һ֮롣
ʲô
ϣܹݽһѧԺǮ棬һеģǳڼһ㱨𡣡
Цɵʻʺ󡣡
ЦʹҲԸҲܾܾΪԾౡ֮ѽ
һҪһǮæлʺ׼
⵹ʱ뵽ģһͼƻõģĿǰѧԺһʱڣҪ֮ǰȽѧԺʲô磬ǻΣҪչɵͶʡ
ʱŵʤС£ǰ߽ݱǰ߽ݱ
Ŷøޣ
ٿȻŵʤݱ֮æһգһЦ˾ǽҪˡ


1287 ʧ
ѾﵽսĿģ˵ջûй³ǣֻΣҲϣں֮ǰʦس߾ûд㷴ˣΪ߾Ŀޣȶס󷽣ĿûдﵽĻȥսԨĿûôɶĹǺ취õصİմսлָϾɶǸ߾ĵһϡ
ȻֻһսȴһǳսƳ񲿶Ӷûгͽһ׮鷳£ʧСÿԺԲƣҲεս˼룬ϢΪ⻹ǾһЩ
ɴ˿ɼĹ˻Ƿǳģ⿪¶ǳ˳˶ҳϣ
ںնԣ߾սΣΪŵ̫һ㣬ͼѾˣ˿̫ˣҶѾĵʮɢһ⣬ͻᷢһĶŵЧӦʼΪںϲǴĿǰҪ⡣
ڵڶգվͽ޷Ȳ뵽ߵǳǮͶѧԺˡ
Ǣ̸ķǳ죬ͷ˶ԣǮܵģǰòŽĴУٹٻ֮ءӵܶǻ˴ǮżڵģѧԺ飬ҲǻʺֻҪﲻӦҲû̫˸ѹѧԺѧǮһǮʲôǮûнձǾʹӦˣȻҲûбһ̫׵ҽһѧԺҪ̫Ǯ෴鼮ȽϺǮ
̸֮󣬺̾ھܵٽѧԺͬʱݽһѧԺ
Ϣһ˴ҵע⣬Ϊԭھͺܶ˶ŮѧԺؼϢùͻȻѧԺھܵѡ⼸طҪ򣬷һЩȽƶĵûһǽسġ
è壡
һè壡
ǺƺôȥϹ£Ϊδԭ˵͸¹󣬾̸Լһ٣ǱսҲѾˣҪװģˣ÷żʱ͵÷ż١

ϣմЦ˫ͫˮԷţȴճһΪջߡ
ǲʲôԲҵ£ңҲġ
͸żǿȻ
Ҫ˶Բ£㲻ңôںҲǳ治죬ĲűʣɵĻŶˣ֪˵ļ
ţ
¶ʱ˫Ŀһɡ
պǺǵЦЦ
һĨЦû£Ҳĺӡ
㹻ݣոЦɫ֪Ϊôʣ
µȻΪôģصһ񡣡
Ҳ㻭ĸҰŮӻҲҪôЦʵ˵ҲûȷʵǴΡȱң˵ȣЩ㣬ҵȻҪһЩ㣬һ͵͸
򴽣òΣǰݵʱ򣬲Ҳ²ˣҿԹ䡣
ݵӣʶֹ䵹ûУһ㶼Թһ졣
˵ʲô
⣡˵©ˣһͻȻһ
µôأ
΢΢üˣڿڰ㻭㶯ͺҡ
˵꣬¾̵Ҫҽһˣ͵ðһһٷ
ǳĺ⻰⻹һһٷѽҪҲҪ޵Եĳʦ뵽ʦĿȻ
ΪյĽᷢޣںȻҲ൱˽⣬һ飬ﻹǱýʲô
롪պٺһЦôһλǰһ˭ˣЦһЦѽȻûʹ¯࣬ҲƯ㡣
µȻҲѽ⻹Ǻյһذһ¶ʽЦݣЦûѩôãûôģҲûԪĵôûг˶ô䣬һźƣаŮŮħͷĺ塣ӹɣƯ¡
±ѽһ߿ٵĻţȴˣͻȻһǳȤ¡
ºʲôȤ£
յƺҲǺӵĵһŻ
գգۣ鲻Խĸ΢΢¡ĸЦôһ˵Щ
һתˣ㿴òӴ֮רΪ㻭һждĻ
ûǶѿ
յͲ˰ɣĸΰģӵŮܹɢһַǳʥĹػԣŲһĺˣһĸס˵ˣӦ˵Ҿλĸ׻
ĸףĿ̫ˣΪһֱԼĸףĸԣֶһȻȰͻݵĸףôĸҲǲѽС̽νждĻأ
յҪھԻһţҪòϸоһ¡
ԵͷҲҪôأ
Цܼ𣬽¶ˡ
¶գգۣƤ͸һ˿Ρ
յǵȻĶ棬ӵ¡𣬾Ǵڳɳʱǵĺӳ֮Ҳĸ׵Ķ棬㻹·ţǾʧȥ壬Ƿޣ㺦ʲô
Եͷ
ռգһĨײ˷֮ɫ
µĿһƣȻüһ壬룬Ҫ¶ӵĻýѶý⿪
Ŵȹѿɲȥģмãһʵ˫Ǻڲصס
ˣԭڶ⻵˼Ƴۺա
ᷴӦ˹ɣסԼ顣
ð
˫üһչЦȥԪĵһƣҪĻٻ
ôоԼգգ۵ɡĵûла
µΣȢţЩµģȻȢڡ
ʲôû˵
ոϽֹס⣬쳣滭
򴽣ôԪĵô
˭˵ã
㶼ңȴȥ˵Ҳ
մ˸רĻרĻ
»һ
úһսһţ˿ˣ
ô¼ƣ
ŸոеϣȲƫͷһֻһλ߹ŵٸţ֣ĶˣˡвһĨϲɫ
֣һ£Цô
һƲͦһģ㻹öϰУҲеúܣҿϰһ¡
ۣҲ̫̰˰ɣյͷ֮ҲûлãУ⻭ȥˣ»ٰ㻭һõġ
˵ȥ¸Ͻһֵʲô
㲻ǲô
ҡǲ⣬ǡ⻭ϵңǾҵģȥգҲҲȥգûʸһ˵ƿ˿ǻβסϲ֮ɫ
һЦģֻпգҾͰ㻭һܹ㻭ҵҡ
֪ã
һЦȻҪǶȥ͸Ӻˡ
⵹ҲŶյæ
ҲŲҪͷˡ
˵εרûʦѽ˼ҿɶã½ѹͲϡ
΢һȻһ㿴òǵĺӳ֮ҽ⻭ڸǻ
һʹĵ˼ͷںջǷŽǵĺӰǷ޻ҸƬ̣ȻҶˣŶܳ
£һġ
µܵȥ𰡡
յ˵Ҿ㡣
һ£԰һͺñ㵱ѩд¡
Ҳд
дµǣ£һǿģñ˵ѧԺ޶αŶѧԺϾҪôҿ԰Ⱑ
ԭⰡպЦˣʤ֮䣬ʲô˼
㡪ʲô˼

͵͵Ʋ죬Ҳ̯˵ӮܱҪǿԹǳܿܣ˭ֻں̣˶ѾӮˣҪǴӮĻٿ֤Ů䷽ǲˡ
ḧµĸЦҲô˵˵⺢ӣǽǹҲǳ֣𣿡
㶣ͻȻ˫գײһºյţŭ
Ƶ֪߷ҲʵѾˣһ̾ΪëŮһ黳а


1288 
ʵ²˵Ҳ϶ȥԪĵģϾ֮Ȼ͵øŬ¿ûа׳Ե͡
Ԫұ
ʲô
Ԫĵ̧Ż˽ĺգһ֮ɫ
ĨºЦ㻭񰡣
Ԫĵ㶣ȵΪʲô
ʲôΪʲô
ΪʲôͻȻҪһ񣿡
ЦÿѧˣϣܹһЩƯľɫҵȻҲ⡣
⻰˵ãûмô˵ġ
ԪĵòΣƤʵ̫ϸˣǳǳĺαԵøǽޱȡ
ʵ㲻ܾҰɣ
ԪĵֻǵǰЩʱæòɿҪϢһ²ǡ
㣬ǾõϢյ
Ԫĵ˷ۣҲûж˵ʲô

ĵ㲻ҪôôôˣƯŮǲҪκεġ
һҾǺܲڡԪĵһΪѵ
ţνġ
һŰɣ㻭һˡ
飬Ҫ滭Ļ˼ҿ˻ΪҴ㽫⻭ĵԪұթˣձϾһǧǧóĲȥıˣȥ΢һȻһˣ


ԪĵǰŷŻδϣ˿ڶˣ͵͵ƳڻĺգÿϽĿջأ濴ϡ
еԪĵʵԪĵ
˵ŮŮˣ⻰һҲûдպȻĵ
Ԫĵعͷôأ
Цһ
Ц
Ԫĵ£漴һۣûẫյҪϸǿһüͻȻһ塣
ôأΪһֱעܹܿ֡

ԪĵתͷȥߵרĻˣΪǶҡ
տЦõŮڰ㻭Ҳ㣬ҿ˭
Ԫĵ㶣ֻշ̣ϽתƻڿмŵԤ㡣
ŶϾҪˣʲô𣿡ձȽʵԤԣǾͲ⣬ǮôȱľǮ
Ѿգҷԭʳģ෴ˮֽšˮġ
ǲҪʳ½ϡ
ǱҪʳеȻĻϽƻʧȥ壬ҵòеô򵥵ģʱֺķȫ׼пܻǮġ
ô˵
ͻȻ±ⷲ¿ͷѣΪһ⿪ͷá
˵һתֵĿȴܶſͷҪĿŵøӳԶǣҲĿǰӯûеôֻ࣬ΪǲŸտʼûγһҵϵֻһ̥
ܹ˺;ضҲϰڹصĻͽĻأô˺ϵĴֻҹϢʱɾͲһֱﳤ;ؿܻ˺üôӯԻɱӣҵ棬ΪʲôҪԪֿܷΪĳԪңǹмţϰڿǻļֵҵܴ󡣡
Ԫĵͷ˵úе
ǲӦûرһ˵΢ЦЦ
Ԫĵһǰ۸գ˳Ǹһ΢Ц
⾪һƳѾǳˣν֪߳֡
ˣǷҸһŵ
ԪĵͻȻʵ
һһҪǰ㻭˳жĳŵ˵ţֿԪĵ·ڵȴʲô
ԪĵĿȴϣĬΣͻȻʵǻΣյ𣿡
Ҫ˵һ㶼ûҲǲܵġ˵Ԫĵ֪ʵһֱڵ⡣
֪ǡ˵ˣԪĵһ̾ĵ֮ûʣΪҺ˽Ҹ磬Ҳ֪һҪڿзһΣǷҲϧ͸ҸĸôҲ޷ֹȥѰޣ˵֪а취裬Ҳ֪ϲǡҸڲҪĸȥͬʱҲǳ¡
յΪأ
ԪĵԳ£ΪΪӥˡ
ϣֹܹ
ϣܹ롣
Ԫĵתͷȥգһ˫Ŀ͸һ˿ڴ
ճƬ̣֪޷ֹ硣
ԪĵһĨʧ
ֵҶµĿ𣿡
Ԫĵͷ
յҾ˻Ҫ룬ڻûдʱˮǿµģ˭Ҳˮûбѱʱǿµģ˭ҲЩġ໹޷裬ǿµģͬҪȥǲĨɱЩ롣ҿԴӦ㣬һᱣ֤簲ȻģϾҲҵĴ硣
Ԫĵһü仹͸һ˿ǣʵ֪ûֹģԪҪû˿ֹԪմС룬͵ӣ벻ûб䵭øǿҡǴƽپ˵гһԪˣһˤģΪƽҲ֪Ԫǰ϶ҪһΣͿʱ̲סĵĳ嶯
ͻȻЦʵأ˵ţֵĪǰԪҸһ¥
ֻÿԪŮӦ񣬱ϾԪҵǡ
Ԫĵ˼£Һûʲô룬ֻϣܹÿ¶ãˡ
ÿãյһ飬һݰɡЩʱԪĵڷ޷棬Ͷ÷ǳ٣һ˳ܵĸоûô̡
Ԫĵɫ죬ʲô
һûʲôҲԪĵΪԼҲǷҲûоһɷΣ޹ϵ໥Ӱġ
ȴԪĵǾ仰ϣÿ¶ãȷΪ˴֮ǸѧԣȻԸˣôӦûÿ棬ûеƫƫԸڷ޷ŬҲ̫Ϻˡ
ü˼ʱԪĵʵʲôأ
㶣Ц˵ҵֻһҸֵȥŲţ
Ԫĵҡͷš
յһ֮ɫȴ޴ӱ⡣
⼸£ȨȻûиȨһȫУҪ˵ˣȷʵ̫αһ㡣
Ҳ֪ȷʵţԼտЦһʵһ㣬ҲһЩãȻ̤;ʱȷҪȷԼ£Сǣ·֮ԼҲһЩʧڴϣǼᶨģ˵ԼĻɣĻ˼ԪĵǾ仰
ԪĵȻջ£ҲǰԵˣƺԸ˵ҲʣֽĿתеȥˡ
ԪĵֿʼҵĹиǳ;ҵУ࣬ڸ棬ȴоЩֻԪĵദĵεΣֻܹѰ˿
ţֻһĪɸӿͷȻԳһЦѽѾ÷ǳֻҲ֪ˡ
ʵ֮ԸоԪĵ޹ϵЩƽΪԪĵڷ޷ӲҪκ£Ҫնһ̣ͲǷ֮ĻеòζҲˣԪĵûиմȥκθһֱڰﺫռѹԪұͲʲôʱһˣԪĵδйԹԡ
һ£ԪĵںҪôԺյԸҲضᾡһĻսᱻѹĴҲ˲
Ԫĵ˼ͲԼκη棬˼νáĿѾ̬ĵزˣڷ޷棬ͬҲˣԺյ̫鷴÷ǳ⣬ΪʵҲУⲻ⣬飬ǡǡǧóģҪŮջǴˡ
ԪĵľͽΪʲôкܵԪգҲûмֹհԪ룬Ϊֹ֪ĻԪտܻԼȥⷴòʧ޷ҲˣԾ͸身ɣˣԼŰ죬ΪģǺմȻ࣬ɼܹͥƽȶɹǺո˶٣ԪĵڲϵĸȻԪĵԼܶûзΪֻĹ˼ά
ˣʮָжֻŻЩƽĸ飬̱÷ǳŨңķ·
ðΣշ±ˣ
Ԫĵһ˹ǰȥҷôЦ𣿡
ŮǰתͷźգһЦǳˣǾԪĵЦݺѳϡ
ס֣ЦҲ֪ôһֻ̣Լ֪


1289 
ʵվҪԪɷ֮Σ治Ϊ˭˭˭ĹϵӲΪԪգӲҪ˵ԼᣬԪҲôġ෴ǷǳԪնִţ˼棬ÿ˶Ӧ룬ΪԼȥŬŲŻ壬ȻĻǸ㻹ûʲô
ȻҲһԲˣûаգʹԪնڷִţҲæġ
ǰĺпǣ޹ҵģҲһð壬ʲôǱˮɡѩȵȼ˶÷ǳãῪСͷɻְҵҲҪЩϾ·
ںնԣһѶȶûУΪڷ˶У򵥣Ҳȫһ֣˵żġ
һˬģУһСɽϣܱ߷ǳƽֻ̹ɫѾȥȡ֮һƬƲӣһȥɫأԷǳˣĿʱСɽϿվŲˣŮ׶С֮⣬ͣɫĻѡҪҲΪĿǰĹҵҲֻϾǷǳ򵥵ģֻǽݸŴˡ
ⲻǴһķôܹôԪҲǵһؿ⻬ƣ˷ܣǻɡ
Ц֪Ԫӣ
ȻԪֲһ䣬ҪģֻСκ¶ֵ÷з
һ仰ô˵⣬һ֧㣬Ҿ
ǸɶϵԪԺġ
ЦҪ˵ľǣһݣҾܹǣɡ
ô
ԪбۣɵĿźա
Ҳ˵ˡ

ûУûУ
һԪѾǼˣȻѾ˵꣬˿ȴ˷ܵͬһСƵãվںԣһĵ߶ӡ
նԣһǳҪӣڴһڴ̫ˣһʱᶼȲȥˡ
ڼ黬ĺͻȻվԪҪһ㣬ǴӦ㣬Ƿʲô
ԪղͷҵȻ֪ҿǺܸмġûал˼
һòˡֵôǷӦԼ¡
ΪΣ
ȻʲôΣգ㲻ҵģΪĻǾͷǳΣգЩҴģҶҲҪһЩΣҪҵģɲǿЦġ
ԪպܽĴźգҲͦ麫յģСӳ̫ˣȨһ֮󣬵ұ֤ڷз棬Ҿģ֮£ɾͱˡ
ͻȻԪԵԪı֤ûС
Ԫˡ
յɵð֤ҪڵĻ
Ⱥ˵꣬Ԫ͵ҵǴӢۣᷴڵġ
󡪡Ӣۣ
öɵˣԪոӢǰϱ߰ɡ
֣
Ԫպǵ⣬Ԫ˹
ҲãЦԪʧɡ
ԪյǵȻ
磬Ҫȶð
һԵСҰͻȻ˵ʵԪոûԡ
ЦСҰɲżһҪ㹻ԡ
ܵҲǽСҰһģҡҹ붼ͦµġ
СҰС֣ȻͷŶһ
յҵȽμ⻬ԼÿһĹܡ
̫鷳˰ɡԪվ̫ˣôţƣ㽫ӵȥ˰
СҰҲôģǿ˵ǴΪ̬ˣǶԼ̫ˣǡǡǺĵһ㣬ΪܶⶼǷ档
ղ˵ʲôţ
Уѧѧô

վһȺٸԪĵ˾ˡ
ĵ⡪ⲻΣհɡ
˾绹ЩţʵǶԪžԵΣϾδйա
ԪĵҲţδ¶΢΢ЦλɩɩģӲûаյ£Ȼ˵УǾһеġ

ðߣ˵ϧԼ׼򣬴Ͳ£䷳ĸԪաСҰǽ⻬Ĺ죬Լο⻬ԪաСҰԪԪӥЩС޷ú档ϸڷ棬տɲԪաСҰôŪȥʱʱͳһ⿼ٽһ顣
ԪҲյ⣬㲻Զ꣬ǾԶܷɣûа취ֻĽܺյĽ
ֹʱŽϸڽ꣬ʾһǿ
Ԫ˷ֱܵͷյԪӥԪûκǾһС
ԪĵҲ˹
ɵСġԪĵ
ЦģֻϰȫûΣյġ
Ԫĵͷ
ϻһӣ߹̶ڻģȶεģȻ˫翸һж׼֮󣬺ձ㿸Żɽ
˶סɴ˫ۡ
ˣˣ
Ԫ˷ܵĴ󺰵
ֻܵһ룬ͻȻƯҪ˵Ƿôǻ治ô˵ֻ˵ջУΪֻƯ׸ߣҷǳݣʮҾ
ʧ
ԪաСҰɵˣһֱƭĳ嶯
غ÷ǴһԭǷѽҪˤ˵ģ㵹˵ѽ˵ĻҲŽˡ
磬㡣
ܵȴǼ˷ܴһԪ⼸СһȥǿѾǳ˲ˣϾ˫ء
ԪպСҰҲӦ˹ȥ
ιιιգǺҵİɣܽзôҴ
ԪնδȺմͼڵ
СҰҲĬĬĵͷ
Цҿɴδ˵Ƿɣֻϰ
ϰ
Ȼ
յȵβŻϤǲʸ̸ɡ
Ԫյǵð
յҲ¡
ôã
Ԫպǲ
յԪпɲʲô£ȻĻҲᵽջδ˳ԹУɱˮӾҪѵö࣬İգôͱ븶Ŭ㶼˼ʮ꣬ѵ¶Ȳˡ
ԪҲǣͷðɣġ
ֵģϰģϤˣǻڸһĵطϰʱᵽĸоȵȫ֮Ǿȥߵĵطա
Ԫ۷Ź⣬ֻһձ㽫ᣬ̧㡣
˵ţǿаźս⿪ӣȻԼϣŻɿɽ𣬶ǱСҰҲضãϵɽ𣬰ռһһ
Ԫˣ۰Ͱ͵źյСո磬Ҳɡ
Цǿ⻬ٽǷɡ
ԪСһƲǵõȶð
յ֮ǰһһ˫˵ĻʱǵͿշӦûʲô⡣
ô
š
Сո磬ã
ȵϵɽʱԪСҰѾȲĳɽ£ٶȱȺտˣԪգ˺ܿƮ
Ŷ
⼫ͿշУԪ˷ܵĴ
СҰȻûôţҲ˷ܲѣΪҲͷһظܵƯĸо
ֿ֮ŻɿɽȥݿУѾǸ߳𣬸ͣ
տһЦԪĵ֣衣
ԪĵȴҡҡͷҾý塣
ʲôֵȥԵģԸȣȻûзԣﲢͬⲻԪյѣԪգûκιϵ
Ҳ֪Ը񣬲δǿֻЦЦ


1290 ֮
Ҿ˵ôͻȻôȻߣԭĿİ
վˮǰ棬һԹԪĵ
ԪĵԪûκΣգܹҲͷúߣúռ˺һΪŮ˿ˣ֪ԭһˮš
Ԫĵһ˫ķĿ˸ŽĹâȴʵ㲻Ըô
Ը⣡ô᲻ԸˣֻҪ㣬ȥﶼһֻϧﲻǣ֣ʵһź
Ըп
˵ѭ浸صԪĵҲһ
Сո磬ĵӡ
棬ЩԱպԪĵͻȻԵЩȣ׷ͣеĻ
ƳԪĵһۣСû
Ҿһء
һأЩ˾ͼǵɼǶôÿ
ûˣԪĵһۣȥˡ
ԪĵҪѯʹڳ⣬ΪмŵĴϾҪˣˮ͵ĻΪģ˵Ҳ͹ˮ½ϣֻģôģĻǵһء
һΪ»ǳģҪ֪ղҪмţóһֻɽţһ˵õġ
ӲһȦ󣬶İ칫ңȻ칫˵ȵȻȫ뿪ˡ
ʰĵͦɾġ
Ԫĵţ칫ȻªǷǳɾ࣬Ҫ֪ǹõطһֵطġ
Цǲⱻ۹нĻǿһ㡣˵ţ΢΢Ԫĵ£Լߡ
Ԫĵİ칫˼ʶҪѾǸˣҲûϸֵزڵ඼빤нء
ЦΪǵĳͬǳ壬ǼĹؿɱҪϸĶ࣬Ҳ˵ǵĻڼĻҲǣҵĻʵʰһ£Ҫ϶ľΪʲôʰһ£ҲеһЩҲΪɺϰߡ
ԪĵЦ˵Ǻ֮ҪĻǲҪ㶯֡
չһЦ֪ĵҲȷǴʰģǰסƵ꣬߰㶼ˣȥ磬ʵܶϰҲˣֻȥҪˣӲɼ
ԪĵһЦǳǳС֣ˡ
տһ鲻Խһ£ŵԪĵһѽɵǳɫֻոһȦȴԵøӽˣҪ칫ҸЧкôõĻ˵ᷢʲô
Ԫĵ칫Һһֱ޵Լڰ칫ϵţǵƺˡ
յҲ˵˵µĻɣľǣҪ˵棬Զ㡣
Ԫĵ˱
٣ռ򵥻شֻȱǮῴɡ
ԪĵѵͲŪ𣿡
ЦռСˣеãҪ˵ôҲǾƲҵġ˶٣ֵʵ˽蹤֮ıȡ˽ҲǲģǮ绹䵽ġ
⻰ҲܹͬԪĵҡ
ɺȴ̸⹫£ڿ˵Լˣʵ㲻һˣΪûʱҵΨͼʣҪ˵ǮǲˣֻƣܷǧĵȵǱׯ԰̰֮ȥòã
⻰Ծ̫ûˣԪĵԲĿһۡ
տЦһ˵ҵܹǿֵһ𣬵ȴΪΪĶΪΪΪĶŬ⻰Լ˵ìܵġ
ԪĵԳĬҵǲôΪжǵҵΪأŲŸ˼ҵʱһֻӿա˵¶һĨЦ⡣
գգ۵ҲԣˮݣǡǾͲܺͺô
ҿѣԪĵҡҡͷӦ֪ӵжôѪһɾ£ҲΪҶ޷Ը񡣡˵ۺգҲһ
ֻ˵ǰġȻʵΪǧĺվ˵Ӷˡ
ԪĵֵҾ˿ЭģȻĻᴳġ
յ
յͷȴ룬ģôôţǼٵôҪŪӣӾʹһǣߣ
˿ᶯҡյľģֻҪׯ԰ã̽Ƕӹȥ̫һˡ
˵û̫ãϾŮбǿɻûй޹ϵصɽʱСҰѾЪˣԪȴ˷ܵĵͿջУֻǶݵƯҲܹ˵ĳԣɼǶô衣ˣʷĺҲ˽ϾǺŮã˿ɶϲӥġ
ĵĶغ÷ǣðʷĺһԪˣһ߶ԪգڲΪӦԪԼȥߵĵطԣǷǳΣգȻǷǳȫģþǳϸѵ
Ԫұסһҹȥˣһˮǵöƽ
գĪѩʱɻѧԺ
ֻϷڣϷȻ֪տ϶ѩġ
պƤʵҷѩΣҪһϷˣϷ˵ɻã
ɲɵ㶨Ϸˣһжü򵥵ġ
Ϸ㶣ЦǺǵСӻôǻ˶٣ֵҲã߰ɡ
ǡ
ϷС԰ڡ
ϷһƵţһ߸пѩ׾ߣȴ˽ѩ㵱ĿʲôԴѩȥѧԺ֮󣬱øӶˣ춼ܿģҲͷĶˡŶȻû˵ʲôóҲǷǳĵġ
ҡҡͷұϷ˸˽ѩҲұȻʹѩȥѧԺģֻǸѩṩһѡԼѡģѩ֪ԼҪʲô
Ϸ˵ͷô˵Ҳûдøһл
պٺٵϷ˼⣬һˣʲôллġ
Ϸ˺ЦָźյСӿռ˰˶٣Ȼֵգ㲻߶㼸ɡ
£æϷ˵ܹϷ˵Ľ̻壬Ǻյ컯
˵ôֻҪ㲻톪£ǱˡϷ˺ǺЦ˼漴ɫԹԭ˶ܳʿЩ³Щܹ꣬գʵ޹ʤܣ޹ƶ޹ǣ˵ףԸʹȻ
³ҵĴ󳼣붼ǴܳȺܼ£ãΪԼǶԵģ˵뷨Ǵģ֮ǷǶԴԵ׵ġЩ񵭣Ϊ֮ˣܹա
쾵ۡĻ֮ĸȷѩүүһٱΨѩүүܹաɴ˿ɼ̫ǺѽкȺһ˵ڼȦȥôҿҲǲܹģνľַش֮
˵˺һۣհʲôã壬ʵѵġҲΣҲΣȱ̫ˣһ̫죬˶׷㣬ôعͷʱıضԨ
ü˼ðΣһ񣺡лϷ˴ͽ̣Ϸ˵׻׻̻壬ձصġ
Ϸ΢΢һЦԶܹĶĲ࣬Ψһǿģ͡
ղпȴġ
ϷЦ
̣
һһٻӰ
ϷЦǺǵԹˡ


1291 Ů˾
һϣһ
ǰǽնԼƴ棬ˣиĸԽ̵
ϷΪʲô˵һΪ;ѾΪ࣬ʵѵãǰ;һƬĺղӦټӦסԼڵĵλҪٶʮ㵱ʮ겻õʵۡ
һȷǳΪҲȷʵⷽ⣬Ϊ̫죬Ϊһǧĺܶ˼뵱룬һ˵˼뾿ܷӰ쵽һ֮ˣǲܵģν˼ںϣҲǺһֱģںһʱ޷Ϸ˵һǺ֪һܹ档
գ˵ʲô
ѩһֱĬƽʱһʵ
һЦ̷Žѹ䱦ҡ
ѹ䱦ѩʲôѹ䱦ΪҴӲ֪
ЦΪⱦֻвŮ
ѩ£ҲӦôҵѽΪδ㡣
յΪʲôһҪҲϷ˵Ů

ѩߺ죬֪ˣⶨĻԡ
ո߾ֵҿԶ췢ġ
ѩ˵øƵãɻĿǼصģ˵̴ʲôѹ䱦˵ţֲһ䣬˵ƭҵģӦң㲻ƭˡ
˵ˣҲֻʵˣշ˷̣֣ѩϽյѹ䱦ζá
˵
ѩô߲ѣŭ˵Щգ̫ɶˡ
ȴһɫǲţ
ѩ޵ҲŲ޻ˡ
Уߣ
ղۼסѩܷܷ֡
ѩһ㶣ȥģ
յȥʸףû˵ѡ
ѩһתȥȥһ㲻ɡ
תϷ˵סȥ
еԺǰ׼ʱѩͻȻһס㻹׼ȥʰ
ȻϷ˻뺫˵㻰뺫ղƣǰؽԭα¶
ɺǺҲǿƭ˳ģױѩթ֪ⳡթΪؼľǿ˭סңѩĻȥˣյҲ£ΪδϷˣϷǻȻԴⷽͣϷɲǶô
¹ڣΪʲôɫǳࡣ
ѩɵۺգѵѵģǰ˵ģ
յͷҿɷġ
ѩǲţбĿźգΪҪ˵Щأ
տЦΪ»ôܵ˴̼֮뱧ˡ
һ˵ѩɣʱΣС˵Ҳǵģ˵Щ
Цʲôأ˵ЩڰʾλŮߡ
ѩöʱ߲ѣߺ죬ޣңҡҲˡ㣬ȥ
պǺһЦ׷ȥˣ
ߣ
ѩƫһߣȴ͵͵¶һ˿Ц⣬ɼǺܿĵġ
̾ΪҰæ֮гг
г
ѩöʱһ
һϻز˵Ҫôϧʵ̫æΪҿھκЩӣǽרġ
ѩ΢΢𣬡㻹ͦгķϣұ㲻ƽˡ
մһŮ˴ոм
ѩЦֵгЩȥ˵žźյֿ첽ȥ

ףһгϻҼĲһ
ϻغȻûгѩѩ͵͵ȥ˿ǰгֱøԲҺ滹һλ
ǸĽгÿһϸڶһЩĽһ˵Ŷ
Ҫô
ѩ̿գ漴ɬĽĿƿոֳһȦĺ
һЦгɣ
ѩ
ˡ˵Ż΢΢ѩʾһ顣
ѩȥ
յңɱˤˡ
ѩȴֻɬץסյ·
һаҲԣֻ˵һˣȶ̤壬гʻ
ѩں棬ֻޱȣǿġ
Ȼһɲ

ѩŻϲȥˣȻֻͣһ£ȴҲŵһ˫ֽסա
ģֻɲհһЦһлǰԲˬţٶꡣ
ѩ˶ͻȻԼźգʱɬѣɿֲ΢΢ɶвᣬ͵͵Ƴۺգ㲻ٽɿͷ῿ںձϡ
ĶȻᣬǺҲǸܵˣһЦ˴µ˿ȴްֻͷķ׷ͻȻʧˣȡ֮һ񵭵ڶ뿪ڣ»աһѩҲһֱĬѩʲô
òִ١һѩûʲô
ⲻ֪ѩҲ뺫һǳһ̡
ЩǵǲѧԺĹۡ
ǵġѩ̷ϣֵʵܹȥѧԺ飬ҿĻˣۣһӵʦ
ŶһΪʲô
ѩǴŵ΢ЦΪҾûúܳʵ壬ǿԼѧȡý;úгɾ͸Уǿ֡ʵЩӵȲϹҵĺӣȴǳ̿ŬЩʦ÷ǳж
˵ѧԺѩ·˵ĻҲǺ棬ϾҲûϹѧѧԺԣҲȤʱʱһ䣬ǡôѩ˵ø¸߰
ףôͣˡ
ѩͻȻͣеЩƣϲա
Ҳϲ֪ΧСԺת˶ȦͷһЩΣͻȻҺгġ

ѩһĨΣӳ£ߵˣˣɷż°ȻסˣҪռгá
𣿡
վȵѩ
ѩ治ɫĲĵͷ
˵°ȻòЦҵĴѧıʱ䣬Բ𡣡
֪ͺãѩ˵ŸϽþգֵгҪѧ
ܼ򵥣㣡
ְֽѩгѩһŮӣʴӱ־ԣҲݣѧһձɷ֣Լȥ
ѩոѧгҲʮּúͶ룬ﻹ˵Ϻգⲻ֪Ѿڻǰ棬ӱʻ
ʵմУѩﳵֻΣĿǰѩǰٱŮ֣ǾǶŭϲһ飬ԡԪĵĻԸȣרעԪĵġѩôϾĵѩȻġϣܹѩЦݸȽгѧ֮ȻǳģǺҪ˲䡣
ףڸʲô
ѩȻֶڽĺա
ţҺܿˡ״̬ѣʹͣ£ͷҲ̧˵
ѩиǺ棬Ǵг˹ȥʴӱϾ֣һδ·֣ۿվǰһĶڻˣҳٹ죬һʱ֪ͣʶҡųͷҪܿԽҡԽţŽеա
̧ͷһѩҡҡλεĶԼʱɫ԰ףҿŮ˾


1292 
飡飡ž
һֻһŻ壬һֻסѩűгײĻܣ³һ亹
գû°ɣ
ѩ浣ǵĿźգ˫źյĸ첲
ռԼ뵽ԼʵʹˣҲѩ¸һƬжЦлл㡣
л
ѩ㵵źա
һ̾˵ʵҴСһӢΣֻгһܹӢ۾ԸٳδԸֱڣҸоԼһӢۡ
ѩ㶰ΣȻһ죬һ컬ࡣַԼջţɬѣ΢΢Ťͼѿ
ǺԸ˵Ӣ۾һ϶Ȼͷٵѩӣϡ
ѩһʧ񣬷С¹ѹȴλֹˣ˫ĿϣȡҲǻϲ
ðΣղŷŹѩôȥĻԼƲסϾѾܾûгζˣŮ˷棬ԿǺһ㡣׹֮ѩź֪һƬѪ죬ɬһͷ뺫ջС
ԹԵΣҺķһ㻹ͶͱǼѵĿ鰡ձѩ޹ǣսӣֻһŻҴܣ鲻Խȥ
ѽ
ۿɽ𡱽£զѩһУŵúղ٣ֻ̧׼Ĵôأôأ
⻭
ԭѩûע⵽СÿеĻ

ռѩԼеĻɵһԼһʱԽѩķУڸѩӰ²־УԭǸᣬģǵùɲ͵͵Ҫȴ𻭰Цϲô
⻰δ䣬ѩѾ壬һŮгɷЦ绨оŷƣҧ촽ʵ㡪ΪʲôҪ͵͵ң
͵͵ѹ㿪ײҡЦҲ˵ôЦЦݣҳЦҹ£֮£ֻ͵͵Цݣʱ򣬾Ϳóéʱ򡣡
ѩǰ䣬ǻϲѣ󣬵ʱü壬ʲôéǶġ˶٣ֵУ㽫⻭ϣñ˿Ƕ಻˼㲻ҪҿɻҪˡֻҰ㱣⻭
ձҲҪ͸ģģȴ뵹ȻƵʦѧԺҲûЩѧĶô
ѩߵҵѧɶңòȥûա
εǱǸûϹѧ֪·

գ
˯һĺգǵĹ뷿ڣڱǣġ
һɫȰˣǡҪһӡ
ȥһԱȥˣյʱˣЦΪֹҽµġ
ǸǱʹѵֻһЦô
Ϸ˭ãϷǣԶԵŹǡ
ˣˣʵǺݲĹ㡣˵ţɫһׯ󷽵ʵʲô£
ȥģջЩӦƬ̣Ļġ
񣿡
һ㶣Ϊʲô
յȻΪ֮
󲻽дձôΪλҪ񡣡
յҪϵͻԼҪ£Ҳǵ֮ձһᷳĸо֮ǳﱸĴϷҲҪ𵽺䶯Чִ㿪һ±ΪҽΪ

ţ
յͷǽϷװ续Ȼ棬Ϊ
ΪʲôҪȥ¡Ԫĵѩ񣬾ΪҪѹǻǰʵۡʺ󻭣ǵҲˣϾǻʵۣհǻȴûаǻǺԼԼһأϽȰλ޸ˡ
ߵǶ಻˼
ʲôҲͳСٶȻױŶϷķװ
һﲻĿ
յ㵹ǿѽ֪Һæġ
ǵ㻹
Ҳ
һ·
Ϸķװ൱ӵģһв֮Ҳ԰æʲôġ
ҪҲУǿ֮󣬱ҪȢҡ
䣬һֻŻζ˼£ﻹкյӰӡ
һЦС
ʱ󣬺ٶȻصǵĹ뷿棬ʱѾȡɴȡ֮һֻʷڣڸסŰɫȹǷֲʧߵ͹Ե£ջһ˫ɫͲƤѥΪӢͶ䣬ӢˬƮƮʷǷ޲ɷ
ûУǼдмֳԣɫԵ⡣
գۣһ治ɫ㼱ʲôҵúúÿûг֪һҪķҶپôҿɲΪʷ컭ˣŪһ°㻭һ
˫һţչֳŵ̬Ц֪Ūأ
ռ˫ſʵظ͹Գ˷Ķã
һĨɬ˫ַ£ȴֻϧΪԱ֪
֪ã
˵գͬʱЦ
Ƭ̣սгӸǡ
ǽӹ㵵ҽʲô
ȻǰPOSSѵɫѽҪҲͷҿ˾ġ
˵䣬ֽǰý΢ɫĲչǲ̣һɳˣ˵ֱڵϣһж׼֮һ̧ͷֻóĿһ㻹ɵվ
ʵν˹
ŶSorrySorry㻹ûгΪʾǣǰȥŹǰڳһPOSSסŶ
һǻҿɼֲôá
ЦģҪˣϢһ£Ҫסơ
Ҳһ㡣
ǿܻòŶ
㻹㻭ɡ
һʱ󣡺СĽϣ˿󹦸ɣ
Ÿ첲ʲôҶδϸˡ
յⶼδɣͼ֮ٸ㿴ˣϢһ¡
š
ͻȻһ£㲻˵ҵô
·ҿͲܸҹУջǾ仰ˡ
յѾǴ⴫ˡ
½ţС


1293 һ
֮ȷʵĻھΣôף̫ϣˣζǶȫĵͶУȴһϣϵ˼ˣһرȫԸȻĻŲŪʲôΪ⺣ɫ֣ǽרҵĻʦ˵ˣʵȽ
¥
ۣƯ
ǽ㣬Ư
ܵܡվڻǰ棬ŻӢˬŮӣɵþ
ȿȣ
ûĿãСã᲻˵ʲôǽ㣬ƯӦ˵Сո磬㻭Ư
ñӵСո磬治֪ߣǽ㳤ÿǱ㻭ĺÿˡ
һﲻֻǵĿźգƳѾɫĻﻹҪ˸Ư
Ϊһķ˳ɲȫдʵġ
ŮˣڹӣֻڴˣȻĻʹа̣ҲҪݵҵ֮¡װƫͷȥÿһŵһС֣ʲôʱѧλӰˡ
ɶλӰ
ܵգС۾֣ٺٵ磬ҪҲһһ£ҡҲзݲݵģȻֻһӵġ
СһĨ֮ɫ
⻰զЩᰡбĿһƣּζ˼ǶԼ룬ѽʵⲿϷǲˣûеһ¡Ƭ̣˼ƽϣЦɣҰⴴŶӻһɡ
Ŷӣ
ζ΢΢һ㶡
ЦС֡
̵ܵСҰɲǼɫ֮ˣҿ˿ϧСҰڡ
СҰڳͿջС
Цû£ҰСҰһ
ܵһˡ
ͻȻǵС֣ǿɶûдӦˡ
ܻܵعͷȥһ±ƵΪʲô
ҡ
ÿ±ƵС֣Զԡ
СӣհҡҡͷǵСãɲ㣬ǱҪô֪һǳŶӣһǾͿԴнӹĴ
ʵҲһΪζ¼ʵĻ
⺫Ҳ˵ͻҲµȥֱһƣҪʱ򣬺úΪ֮һ¡
ΧСվţ򻨴һ̣ǵһԵĻС˺Ľ
һʱ󣬺սʷ£˿ˣ
ҿҿ
ܵ˹úٺֱЦ磬лл㽫һô

΢΢һ㶣ֵͷԼĻЩ
С֣治֪ߣô֣뿡ϱߡ
˹ϰԵĴСһ¡
ܾܵ죬ҸоõΪڹߵڰףһֱԼͦ
ǿŻְֻܵܰε֪ϵãЦҲ˵Сվм䣬ͦƵġ
СǰٴģСҰվһ𣬻Ǹվһڸվһ𣬶ᱻ˺ӵģֻӷ֣ûа취ô޺ȴȵġ
̵ܵõûУǽ˵ģǺ˵Ŷ
ƵС֣⻰ʲô˼
ܵգգۣ漴͵ҡͷûʲô˼ûʲô˼
ǵģǲҵϵסбĿ񾯸СһվˣҵѾˣͽǡ

ʱ󿼷粨͹ȥˣѧԺŻδȴϾغδ˻ڹ֮С
ȻʱŶķ¥ͻȻ˸СϢ
Ѿõ֮Ҫˡ
˴ҵע⣬Ϊ⻹СϢδ÷¥֤ʵ˶Ϣ
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ļ׿úƣ벻Ǯذ硣
Ǯ󷽰ѽһﻹö鰮ġ
ļ״㵵Ϊô
Ǯ󷽵˵ѽĪǱﵱô⻰ôǰɫʱðУֵϣ񶼻ֻСϢôˣȵݵʱ۱һǿǰĻ𱬡
ѽ
ļ׻Ȼ򣬡ԶԶԣզ¸ˡ˵üֻСϢզ֪ģĪȥʹС硣
ǮһѽⱱҲˣզ˽⺫С磬ǿѨ磬ͿСͼɶˡƺˣòãձͻϢ֤ʵһ㡣
˵öԣļͷǮ󷽣ЦǮںЩмŵĴϾҪ½ˣ˵ҲŪ˲ٻ½ϣһǳɹǮʲô˼գŵˡ
Ǯ󷽵˭Ǯడ
һ㶼ûдûգձͳϢ֤ʵ֮֮ҹпݣ֮󽫻ῪʼƱڼǮôһǮ
տɲƻµĹأƻ¥ĻȻҪǼۣһӵģԽԽãֲֻǿ׬Ǯģϲ¥Ļ籣ִҪһ⿪ʼʱ
ǣε˽ա
Ȼ¥һȴǺܶлǷǳǳڴ¥Ļ磬־ΥļڻԵͷ
Ƕԣվһ޹ӡвٵķĻϢӯ
أҪˣڿԼˡ
ζζ
һζݡ
ʲôΪʲô

࣬ΪעĻŮԱ
ϣô
ôأ
ȥɣˡ
ʲô£
ȥ֪ˡ

ʱѾǱˮйͨһããˡɰѱ̼ҸˣָоǼϤİ
˶ͷĿ¥Ķ¥
¥¥֮ϣŻһŮŰȹˣֳֳճʣӢǾ޵ϻһֻʷټϺ񣬸һ棬ƼٷǼٵĸоޱȵľޣ˿ǳճմߵ
ǰǳĴ󻨿֮һҲû˵󻨿֮ϣΪƳǳţӵܸӿصԸ񣬶ȫòȡˣǶԸƣ˹û˵ǳͻصҲ˵ôôƯϾû˿®ɽĿΪ˵ĻɴϣΪԶƯģԲϵȥ롣⣬Դ¥֮󣬹ǸӼŪôûȥμӣѾڴȵ½ˣעҲԽԽˣǻ¥¥֮󣬷ǰǿơ
ȻǶûֻ࣬ƾһź̻˴Ҷӡ
ǡô
㡪ȡɴˡ
桪ǺƯ
ѽΪǣһǡ
֮Ⱥе
ΪǳڹǵӡɴͻȻɴȡ£ǲʷĴڣټϺյôҾþ޵ͬʱֶصڴУǶЩӵܣֱĶҩ


1294 ·
ף˭
ȵ˼ѵĴӹǵĺϽĿƿʱͻȻֱźһǳӣŴף˫ֻһѳӢ䲻òЩİ
⡪һڴƺʮǿ̭ļ˫
ϣǼ˫
ˣƺʱϢ˫֮
û뵽⼾˫װŮװҪÿöࡣ

Ůм˫ѡģѡһҪԭ򣬾߱Ƚϸߣ͹ǱȽϴ䣬ΪҲȽϸߣϾ˰ҪĲãҲڷ糾ӱǵһֱԡΪŮǣѵһǵߣΪҲŮˣϾˣ㺫տԲˣǹҲӦģǺԼݡ
Ϊ˫װǳӢҪԶʤŮװҲΪʲôμӴƺʱ򣬲û̫Ĺע赸ƣ質Ҳǳá
˫ǲĸǱ֮ˣһһĺѪͳСܵ˵ȼĹ䣬û뵽¥ĺȦ档ζһǶǱϹϾģһվһԣҳڷ¥ĴڸǷǳСģԶǡǰհʱҪ·úջرһ£һҪĻҲаԹԣΪģˣںյģȻպԾĻرˡ
նԣһشתۣƾһźҶӡ

£ǡǲСô
Сѽ
Ϊʲô
˵ĿƵʱ󾪺
ŮµܵܣԵΪĴۣʵ̫б־ˡ
ƾʲôСܸվһ𣿡
ɷҲҵζþȻС֡
ĸ˰ŵġ
˭˳Ǻɡ
СǺɵĵܵܣҿⶨǺǿθСվһд

ζȻӼݵܷɺʹ޾ѾģһȺǳʵķ˿ɲȹСҪǸվһǵûл˵ϾǱˣ࣬ǸСվһ𣬻ô̳ȺУǴ׶㣬֡
ҳô˧ƽʱáζһۣ죬ܵô֣Ȼܹλƣ̫ƽˣ
Ⱥ鼤ʱ
壡
һЩӸ統ס塣
ǰǷǳЩӸģѾ˾ˣټϺյǿƣЩӸ磬һ㺦¶ûУǷǳʵλк·Ը
⻭ʲô˼ΪʲôСָվһ𡣡
СȻɰôҲ̫׵ˡ

΢ЦλϢŭСո֮ôţԭģһŻ֮ĴŶӣСҲУ˽ǻһ𡣡
Ŷӣ

ǴŶӻô
˲Ÿ߰˶ѧ峵Ҷڻоɷ뻰Ĵ
ˮ¥̨ȵµ·ǻǶáǶΪ֮ԽСֻУ¥˧磬СֳƲӣҪȥˣСֻÿվβĲ
ǳǣȻ¥٣Ҳֲѽλǲ˼ĿǰǷ¥ˣ˵Ļǻʾλ

¥Ϲ۲ҷӦܵܣ˶езǳƣʵ磬ΪʲôҲҸζվһ𲻺ô
һִļϣȻƽʱ߶СϲִСҰļϣԼֺγˣЦʲôôǿҵļʣѵûиܵôǼܹζô׽ȴֻԶۡ
ܵգգֿۣĵЦ
ֵҪľǸӼ㣬ʱڶƣҽǻһ𣬱֤ǼʵޡȻԤƵϲܵܺСҰͷԼͷҪˬ
ܵ£ֵǻǲҪˣ磬ڿҲһˣûǺƣΪҶҵͨܵԷǿǺá
һ㶣ǺЦ
иʵ壬㷽˵⻭ǺС续ģ
ͷ
ʺСһֻ鶼磬ҺС绹԰ϡʺ̫ӻҾһ鴫
壬ֻǺСԴô
ֻǺСѧеõ
ѧѧпûл
еãеãѧĹѧ֮УҪͼģֻǺСӹͼеõ
С˫ȫֻʫ˿Ҳ

ԣǺսô˵ģһֱԼӺһһжѧУûɶϵҲǿнϵһ
ƨǹ
յͷʵĸı䣬ŷǳ׷ߡ
һ¥ϣ
⺫ջǽƻ͸˵ȡɴ˲ʷȥǰҲû
Τһ۱㿴յСϷϾ϶ˡ
ҲҲ
ҡҡͷҵǾ⾪һƳ˾þޡ֪Ϊأ
˿磬ɼһֱǺ·û˵
ƺ֣֡
һһʲô
Τ˵֣Ǻοأǻڻ¥ʱҾͽֱӽؼҵˣƫƫϣˣ䵽ֿǸˡ
ȴһЦȻƯϱƯŮҲûУԸĻǾûʲô˼ˡ
ƵôȥҲǸ¡
ЦΪŮӶܹȵѵһȲô

¬ҩǰ
⺫յֶλǲѽЩֶοƼ򵥣ȴ˾
ϤһЩп
֣ЦҵôΪյֶοһҲ򵥣⻭ܹóͺñ˶һ˶˭˭뵽Щ˼ҵĺʺϵһˡ
¬ʦԵͷ֣ͬеĿ
ǴȴǶǺʵΪóľԼͼ
΢΢üѽǿǹǿǺŮװ磬Ǽ˫ȴǺװ磬һҴס
еܹʿ֮ģҲΨк֮ˡ
֣üͷֵ˼һҪ֮֮
е֮ӦǺߣǿɲҪǺյƻ֮ƻ
¬ʦԵͷѽž뺫ոɵ£һ޹С£ȻǣҴ£˲֪оȦס
˿һϷҵҲǲܴİ
Цû⹦ɲҪϾҪȥˡ
һЦǲֻһʽˡ


1295 Ѽϼ
֮˵ǹᴩйʷʢ˥ٶҪ֮ܵӰ졣
ˣ⣬ԭǺѰٳ߸ͷһġ
ҲƳٵһΪؼ⡣
ͷʵ̫ˡ
ȻҲΨкոսôеĻ⣬ؼҲ벻
յĹҲ͵ΪֹĹ컰⣬ѴҶڻĿȻ䣬öˣյĿҲѧԺ棬תƵ˷¥ʣµľ͵ýζˡԴǷǳģΪϷ׼˺ܾúܾãǰɫ˲ִ٣ȴΪ䣬οһϷˡ
յעתˣںնԣҲǴһΪϲڲ˹ע½ļƻȴҶעʱѾǴ󹦸֮ʱ

Ժӭһشתۡ
ҹԣƿƵĿѾʽ̤;Ȼ֮˵ҹ˵жôĸӣ̫ˣ϶һѣΪٸƿƿԵģƿƣ󳣿ƣҲǴкģȱˣһ㡣
帮Ǹ𳣿ƣȻ帮ܲˬƿø٣ҲΪ֪ٸߵýҪƿԲùĻǺտ϶ᷭˣʱֻܾˣҸԴϲǸô
ŹٷվԺǰĿյϣԭͲ̫ԺԵøӵ
Ǽ縺ԺʹԺܷչ̤ǰѾںжͣЩ½ľƷԺʿܹﵽָ߶ȡ
⺫Ҳһˣ˼ԺкնͣΪԼǰ;ǵǰ;ã²ȻҲͲѡԺ
硢ЩˣǷǳԽԤʾǽȹԺѵһ£ǰԺ˲ŵ㣬˵ǲĿ̶ã˲żüã仯̫죬Щ޴ӦͬʱҲѹǰµµΪΪԼҽڣ㿴ǵľƷԺʿũǹ㻹죬̫ΪǡǣԺһиʲôͻƣǾͿԴشˣ㿴һЩũ򹤽ڣǶż죬ʣ˭
θô˲ţɶһģҪµµΪǾøˡ
ǰĿһɨ
¹ٲμԺ
һ
չֻһȣǳӭܹԺң⽫һΪǵľѾ˵ˣɾҲԺŸոսãĿǰ㸽κһСǰᱻ޷Ŵ󣬲ҽϣֱƿһѾǳ죬Ҫٳ߸ͷһǿǷǳѵġˣҿԷǳ϶øǣԺһԣԺǵĵⷢҲΪԺһ
ĻôиȾ½ԺʿǼѣδǳġ
˵һش󿼣ǶԺһǳ̵ӡǾǹƽһ㲻ڴ棬Ժ֮Ժ߾֮Ҫүү˭ֻ֪Ƕôܣ֮²ŰԼļڸԼܡ
ˣչֳ츳õǵϿɡס츳κη츳ҲԺһص㣬ǿźɣҪ츳ֹԺ˶ֹο츳ҪסԺһƬõһĶһ׵ļһģǿԺչֳǵ츳ķġ
һͻȻ˵˵Ժ֣ȴֵú
ʵķǳã
һЦǴУǵѧʱҸյʱûеõκ˵ͬأǽܻᷢģӦ֪Ժʦݣñµ͵ӡȻСҾһ㣬ûʲô飬˵ˣһ仰ܷдͨ˳һڷ췽棬ȴױȵ츳Ҳ֪һţ˲ŶмӡԺΨһ飬ǽΪһչڱ볯дǰҲ֪ˮ֮°ɡ
˷׷׵ͷῴɷ壬ⶫǺǻÿĸǶȥⷽ溫վȨǱģʵˮķڴ֮ǰҲûܴĺ䶯ڴҶȥ׷˭һжյĵıˣ̫óȥ˵Ŀ⡣
ǵȻںǳġ
ռ˵Ҳ֪һ˳Ҳ֪Ϊʲôϲ
˻һ˶Ц
ҲЦЦҲͺܿҶѾϰˡ
Цֹ֮ͣ󣬺ղŵҴӲϣ׷棬ҲˣǲϲҲֻܽһ㣬ΪѾʵҲ̫еʱ䣬̤ԺʱǾͱΪԺ
Ҳ֪ѧѾõ˲˵ͬҴһʼҲûзѧǳĹסȻǺõĶȻӦƹ㿪οѧԺĸǱҪΪѧƹأǵȻ鼮ԺĵһǱдѧ鼮
δ䣬¾һƬȻ֮
ԺǡǲŸոսԺԼԼδѧѧôôܹд鼮أ
ЩƷԺʿĶոŻˡ
ٷɶûдȣվд飿ǿ飬˰СĿɻ֮꣬΢곤Ҳʮͷ곤ĻΪʹˣ˼άѾͣѧǶԣǷǳѵģ;дģҲֻкպѩ
ΪջǺúö飬ϣΪǶѧҲһ֪⣬϶Ҫѧϰģû뵽վȻд飬дʵ̫ˡ
ʲô
ղʵ
ǡҲøһЩʱѧϰ
ڱдͬʱҲѧϰôʼ֪ǶᣬԺѾȲˣܻѧ꣬ΪԺףǱҪǵļֵ
ʵǲ
㣬һһڼ

㿴ͦİ

Ҷˣһһľܹдô
Ц鼮Ҳǳģǵ٣Ƕǵīˮһ֪ôһǱдż鼮ȻڱдͬʱҲڷѧϰܸԺչٶȡΪԺĵڶ࣬Ǿͱøȱ˶༸ŬԭҷѾ˵ˣԺģĲܣԺ࣬ԻΪܳȺҲ˶ѡȻҲڿǣǣǱҪͶ뵽С
ˣЩ½Ժʿǣأһ֮̿ɫ
κδ֪򶼻ˣյȻҲףûдǸ̽⣬ֵ⣬ԺŶӾ񣬶Ǹ˵Ӣ壬һὫǷֳһС飬Ͷ뵽УҲСĳɼָµġ˵Сĳɼǳ㣬ôΪС鳤ôƽӹжģ֮ȻôƻԺŽᣬǽǲˡġ


1296 ߾֮
ȻϽЩΪ˲ţʵЩΪͨĻ塢Щͳ˼룬ѧԣЩҲͳѣǸӵ˵˲ſɷһ֮
Ҫѧķչȥͱ޽𡣿ѧҲڳ֪ط֪˻٣˵ѧа֪ʶҪƹѧһ㣬Ǵӡˢ鼮ձϾһˣʵǵ̫ȱ֪ⷽʶˣȻĻд鼮ϵ̨棬̫ķѾˣտûôྫķ档
ƶѧ鼮ǿ̲ݻʹãЩ鼮ǶǸѼϼܣõҲɾˣǱҪŬȥдΪһپ仰һõģ̲ǾͿա

ִЩιԺԺһΪ׼ˣ칫ҶŪˣȫǷģֻһСԺɵģһ߲ιۣһ߸ǽܣȣǿԺضЩͱǴڰ칫дҪȥʵһ߶һۡ
ΣʱֿƣⰲãҲⷢӣΪǶǿѧģֲȫõѧԺ棬ҺҲ֪ǵ츳ƫķ棬⻹ŹĽУȻֵԺ档
ǰɽľƷԺʿȫΪܣǵĶͷ˾ֻǲӹʶѣΪ£ɳ͢
ǰ㻹˵һ˲Сķ顣ǰľƷԺʿʲôˣһЩũ򡢹ôǿʿӣݡλѧʶԶ
վһ仰˼ҷˮгȵȡʲôõóֵģʲôԣֻǿ̣ûɶֵΪ˿صǼֵ
Ժ߾֮Ǳ˵ʲô㡣
Щ˿ԣûʲôܹõó֣ոǺãͨ죬Ĭ
ǿһӾѧϣǿɷӣڹϣͱҪϼ
ôĿģϣܹþͲѧںϣôŵĻôǰЩƷԺʿ϶ᱻЩ˿Ǿûˡ
Щ֮󣬺վʽϰ࣬Ҫֵ̲ͬʱҲ´ˣǶ飬鲻ѧϰûôɣΪд׼ΪǶѧԺĽ̿Լǰд飬ұʾһ٣Ǹݴдż鼮
Щ½ƷԺʿ΢һЩҲû̫ΪǣֻǱдͯ
վЩϾƷԺʿԼߣúý
硢صԺİ칫ҡ

裬һ̫ʷЩСӿ¾͵ðˡ
϶ûжʱ䣬Ψпգֻܶˡ
Ҳɽ󣬵ҾΪǹڱд鼮һ£ǵ㣬ֻὫԼ֪дαĻ㡣
û£
ЦѾдˣݣ̫ʷ֪ģԿɣõǲҪˡ
ͷЦҲֻˡ˵ţһֻ̾ϧͷʿûԺ
ҵ˵֪űԺ֪Ϊʲô»ر˵֪³緹֪֮žѡ˳ơ
Ц֪Ϊͼ֪ţһŵֻҪ֪ŽʿڣԷ
ԭˡ
üҲѡ񳣿ƣˣ帮ɲһ·˰
ЦҲϵԭμӿƿ಻أǾôһ֣ƵܵӰ죬帮ҪһЩȵĴʩ˵ںʲôƿںǿƿܷΪ档õİ취͸賣ƼڵĿõĴǳƵڶõĻô͸Ӳѡ񳣿ˡ
ͷѽƿ֮ƽֻΣҪǿı߿ǰ;ӹ
ˡЦ
̫˽ƽʱʵƻĺܣϵڱ£λŹ
ֵȥʽܳƵԾʵѧӦǰéҲ̸̸²ʶԶ֪Ųһѵһ˲ţϤĻʱգسɴ
תٸὨ飬Щӻǵϸġ
ЦԽ˲ţǾԽӦԴǽӣһᷢģϣܹƾԼŬӱƾǵչˣΨһҪģһͬʡ˵˫һţν߾֮
ǰǽƾŬλģеĻǿŬӱϤ㣬һֶŬĽͣ㶼ӱһŲ˭Ҳˣ鷨ңǶںնԣǰʯӦòʽҲˣʽܷ˺գԸġ
Եͷú˵Ҳ޵Ժһֱ깫ƽһʼ͸ԴҲ̫ãҲŵʽܻӱġ
ǵǸϽ鼮ŪãȲҪ룬ֵԺĹģУ϶벻ǮģͬʱΪɣԺҲбףĲһκӣҲ̫ǮԺ飬ԺҪŲһζ͢

硢һۣ
ʲô
ó͢Ǯǻܽйô
Ƕԣȫδ֪򰡣
Ƶ⡪β
յܼ򵥣Լ׬Ǯ
Լ׬Ǯ

յͷһЩ޹ؽҪļ۸ˣñ˵г
г򣿡
Իеġ
ЦҼ۸һ̫͡µˣһ㶼ʵｻǺԼзŶӣԺǡǡ෴ֻǸоģ˼ֱȻЩоڹһܣЩȻۣܶЩǻݼյģǵȻùһЩȤķЩûʵԵãܹ󣬶ǽ۸ܹ֮ȡ㹻˵ͶǮøƣֱһá
üǴδô¸еķģ
Ц˷˵ɡ

նĽడ
ҲǺһ磬װףأľѳۣۣʱȻռϷ硣
ƿߵĴ󵨴£һ񣬳Ǳ߻йоأ̸ǰ࣬ΨһĲ𣬾Կɣں帮֣Ϊ帮ȨԤģҲ֪ʱȽ϶ˣٻȥŪ꣬ٻ
μ飬С
ڣһ
帮һۣЦˡΪ峯Աٻң帮ĳҪ̫ˣô϶Ҵйϵġ
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һ־оֹò棬ֱиɻ
帮ЦǽˣǰѡƿˣϾɵĹϵ㲻
ڸϽ˳帮ĻʵѽϷҲ棬Ϊʲôѡ񳣿ƣ
һֱ׷СͿгһܹʿڣҲǼҸڴԸԳ룬ûнʿڣҲѡ»ٿδйһ̿ǹƿơ
ôϲ̫ԭҵӵܣʶҪ˸߶ˡ
⻰ǰʾƿֻаҵĿ֮Уܲ
帮ȴ뺫ɲô
Բ뺫ɵȷѣʥԵ֮ˮѣǰ;ǰ;£˽ܻΪһ̸źҲΪûѡƿƣҾˣôɼǲѡ
˽ã
帮ͷʵǲ֪ϣȥĸأ
һȫƾʷ̨һЩӣֻǷǳݵģҲֻǳٳ̫࣬콫˹Ҳȿ־ǣշУиΪԶԣܡ˲ȥĸ߾֮ܽá
帮Եͷһ˼⣬ǶԴȻ뿪ˡ
һߣ帮ʵο
ڵСͷǳҲǶȻĻԬҲΪͽѧȻ˵£ҲվǱߣȻ¶ѾԭˣҲǵš
帮ǵ뺫ߵĺܽ
üҲеĹǣ֮ԸճΪѣڳеĻһɲҪǣɽʿ澡ʧ
帮ͷ⵹Ҳǡд㣿
ڵҴȥĹݴЩӣҿ˵
Ҳã
帮δ˼̫áΪĹݷǳ⣬ʵĹҲ漰ʲôȨһȺѧʿд£鼮ǺĹʵ۽вܵĻʵۺܿܿ˺ܶ඼ǳԺĹݡڵ˼ںĹݴӣκȨΪã˵ںĹݵĻҲǺܷġ
ͻȻ͵ܣһһ¼ϰˣҪ֮࣬ҳҲôȱֻ»鰡
帮ЦǣԻġ


1297 
н񱣬Ҳû¬ʦôң಻ɳӣõͷʱǻͷڴǴϣܹԼԭ򣬺ñ統ΰʾȥԩʺҲܹȻһҲԿǺͼĵģ֣С¬ʦԡԪһһ£
帮ȻֽΪ֪ܳΪˣûа취񳣿ƱŪ˭ҲˣôƾǮԼǻ˵Ҳûн
飬⡪ⲻϹذɣ
һòʣ˫۾һɽʮΪѵ帮˵
ɣ̯ˣӡֲ帮棬ǾͽӡȽܡ
ⳣԽ֮󣬻ӡ£ܵݵʡȥʾ
帮΢Цɺγԣ
Ҳ帮ǳί˵飬ҳĹƶȣƾټڿҪȵпȱְλܹϣѾѹһЩڿǿɶڵȴЩְλǷȸЩȺѾõļڿҪһȫ¼ãҲûôȱְλ
帮ЦɴԲӣǰĿƾδӣһش󿼣¿Ƿǳأϣ˿ƾѸ£֮͢ģʴ˸һؿֻשҲôӳԶһȻ¼϶࣬ǲ̫ϹأȴͲŸʥ㿴˼飬ͷǳʥ⣬Ժȫͨô
棬ĳܽˡ
΢΢֣óӡ£һһͨˡ帮ⷬڰʾǻʵ۵˼㶥ͷ˾û˵ʲôߴߴᣬɱ̫֪Ȥˡ
帮ģʡȥ
ſڣ帮ŵıӰ̾˿ιβΣӰΡ
̫ξ
̫ξôȥǲѽ¼ýʿõȵпȱְλɻвټڿڵȡ帮ã·ǰöˣһؼڵĿȫ¼ˣпȱ͸ϣʵûпȱʡʡӲҪȥϾ߹ٵ󡣵̫ʥϿǷѾţ֮һֵĹԱҪֹĻ̫ʥϺ̫ξǵŬ
ۿ帮Ūҹ£ӲŸ޼߿ࡣ
̾һشֱ¼ңҳδйġ߹ֱؽϵĸֻ߷ѵʵǰٺһ
޼ɳһ̾ϷԤϣ帮ʡݲ̣ŷʶ֮ʿ̫ôֻܶЩ½ԱԼĸŲʲô
˵帮޼ǲмһˣǴĿˣԭǻֻΡʹֶҲǸУ޼ɵȨʱͬҲĸ鲼Ұû˵ƻȥԼˣǲΪӪεˣǿ϶гֵɣӹͺɾʮ꣬ĿľҪʷ̨ʵʱ˲ãۿĿľҪﵽˣոŲ̄ȥˡ
еֻϧյѧҲҪˣڳ죬û˸˵ʲô
޼΢һ׽帮м仹һʺڣҪ身ȥ帮Ϸһʱǲܵġ
еֳ˼Ǹֹ帮ƻΣ
Ϊ˼ŲͬγɵжԣеľһǰǶΪԷǴģԵòˣôΣңǲġ˵帮ƻΣ帮ҲΪԼש񣬴󵨴£˲볯Ҫʲôǹ¤Űѿţʵ帮̫šˣںԼ
޼˼ΣϷΪΪյ帮Ŀ⣬ֻĺյĻǽǳ

΢΢һ
ͻȻǶ׵帮ˮݣҶײǻʺˡ
ף
޼ü˼

յȻҲ֪ô¼÷˺ǺܴģͬʱҲӲĸȷʵҪ˲ŵİæ͢Ա࣬ѧ˼룬˱˸ӺʣȻҲѾѰ˼Ժٶڲ˺
ⷽ棬帮ҲԤе£֪ô帮ҲôģΪ帮ͲҪȻˣǴҶҪ˴Դϲ
һγĬټһڣ˭Ҷ˵ʲô
յû帮ô񣬿յԺ˽ȥƵã̫˵㣬ϾǴ㿪ʼǿΪ帮ýʾ֭͸š
ȻڸϾעЩ£Сﶼ̸֮Ѿв˷ӦǵװȫǺʽ񣬶˫ִƾף̫˺ˣ˶ҹеĵ
֮Ʊֻ˵ǣǧ׵ãһƱ
ûмգתۼţ֮ҪʽˣǴδôιҹĵ
ҹĻ٣ϱգеҲƲѣǷ¥ŶգҲϰ˱ĴڣҵĿͻҲ̶ͦõģǵϣ֮ԶҪݣκʵԶǳǸеġ
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һ¥͸Ҫ˵ˣһɫĴԹǲˣһߺȾƣһ̸֮
ȻһŻĹӵĵ˵ĲĿ
ףǲ帮ô
ôأ
ΪʲôȻǳ֮ġ
뺫ղͷô⿴֮յĳ
ǺǣʲôֵģԹӢ۶ѹ˹أοӢˡ
ʱǲ˵㰡һ˳󺰵
ĿһƳЦԭǶ֣⿴ƾƱţûƱҲǿյһ˵ţ;ֱȥյſڣͼŴһĵӣˣһ㲻ˣ
˵ˣֺˡ
ڴߵΤЦһǵõɫݵʱﶼ˵ˣС̱Ŀˣҿ˵ԺͷѾСӰռˡ
ƵСҲǿţ׼£Ҳ׼ֲ̨ԸǮŪ˼ҼһǧɣҲֻ̣񳤰ڣû˸Сӡ
ȻˣҲòҪȥ鷳
Цǵǲȥְֻ
˻
ƵСӿɷ࣬ҿˣ˳ǳŹġ
ü
Τⲻ̫ܰɣǺյˣ帮ˮݣ˭Ҳ޷ѹסԷҪǲüѵӲɡ
ЦյӿӵޱѪƳǿҪǿڹǡ
ΤߵŮħͷȻԹ󣬿Ըݶûаʣҹǻδ¶®ɽĿƾʲô˵ŮħͷҪȹƯ
һߣǹļᶨӵߣºô򱧲ƽְרθֲ볤ΪʱڣŅ̀ͷȻǺ֮ǡ
ƵǹƯһ˶ѣջΪһȥ帮˺ҿº
һֱƷƣüƣǲΪǣеġ֣Ͼ¸۹Ͱһֱȥһ֮𣬵ǲ룬˼֮󣬾̫Σˡ
Ϊ˭֪ҪǲҪģҲҪϼ˵汳յֶˣҲȥ£鷳Ϊ֪ˣﶼ˴˶صģὫ¸̫ˣ˭ҪͻﶼûеףΪҪˣͺѿסԼȻĻϻҲŹ帮֮Ҳ£һʧŪˣʱ᲻᳥СûˣΪС£ȥ˸ôɡ

һ¥ĴڴƱĹĽдҡڵĽ뵽¥һţҵĵһӦǾԼطˣ¥ǻȻһ£ûʣҸҪӺܹɸˣԵȴӿҰҲӿǽϻԵĵ̨Ŷ
ݰɫʱֻǼŪ£ֻ˵ڣ¥ǿõģ˺һ£ɣľпеʱ򣬾ŪһŪ
ֱҿǺ첼ʱȷ֪ԼûطյӿͷǶ첼ǳԹ
ͬʱ¥ĺ̨æòɿΪæµľΣָ⣬ָǣ±عףһغȫȥ¶롣ǰսսľߴ󽫷緶ǳݵİţڳиɵЩ£ⶼֻСơ
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ܵ滪˶Ļ棬ͷܶеЩ˷ܣǻϲһķΧ
һֻص̨ܵ£뿴ҪԼæȻĿڽ棬һͭĹǡƺЩƲ֣˹ȥƫͷȥǽ㡣
£ɵһСѽ
ܵܺǽ㣬Щ˿ɶǳģզһҲİñ˲ˣϣΧÿ˶ĵģֻҪ˲ģһȥοˣ͵İ£ЩʱЧЩʱҲʵ䷴
£漴һЦ˶ĵطǷǾͶࡣ
ܵƶǶóƺ̫ݣΪϺ˷ܻ߽֮ɫֵҪǽ㲻ݵĻӦ˵źҲǿġ
ЦǺյĵܵܣһʳҲǺմģ˼ںԺóˣҲûʸҷģҲ˼꣬ͻȻҪ̨Щûµġ
ܱܵϾ̶ˣǰһʲôù˵Ҳе¥ÿ˶£ΪŬû˭ڼзģȻմûҪǹƽɡƽȣǷ¥ĻٰοǼ䣬ͻȻ˹С֣㿴Сոû
ܵܵˣںԺ̸ˡ
õȥСո磬ϷϾҪʼˡ
Ŷȥ
Ժ
ӣߵãǲۼ壬֪ΪģʵֻǲԸȺмȥһȥ硣ûĿɫ𱬵ʱҲš
΢΢һЦСԲӣС̡
պʲô£
ٳϣСָһ
һۣ㲻ˣҰɡ
ʵ̵ֽģҲ֪оƴ۸ӣӿҲЩ
úܣűָô΢һָ̾ͲҵˣǿԷȰһ䡣
ϴ
β٣һ׼ûЦ
һ㶣ЦСԣǳ
ʱܵͻȻ˹磬磬ϾҪˡ
ЦһϷڴ
Ц⻰˵߯Ҳα
ָҾԣϻصİɫҶòٵ֮һʧġ
ҵñ·ˣ˿ĸоǲ̫ãЦ룡
룡
Ǹ̤¥ʱ滹ǵȵ̨ǡȻֹ¥ֻֻдһ㱯ˡ
ЩǿɶǻԣѾõϰߣҪȻɾˡ
˵Ŀͼں첼ϣۿ첼мſʱ˶ǽ˫ȭĻһε̫ã̫ˡ
첼һſ̨¾һƬȻ̨֮һսϣʬ壬һʬҰľ󣬶ʬվСͷɣģһĵ·滹һ󶴣ɫĮľĿƺʲô
ȻСȿֺĳ嵽ľԣǾʬºͳѥ໥һ˫ѥӡ
Ӵ
ٹڼöгЩӵܿɶûϹսҲ̫ƽʢȻôпһĻܵҲġ
˭Ҳû뵽һĻô˴Ŀġ
ⲼЧǴ


1298 Ҳݣ
塭
ڶһĻŵʱһ죬̨µĹڣּǼתĿһȻɿ̨
ǲ˳ǼСĿ⣬ȥ̨гСˣҾǾһһʱ׶
ԭŮǹǺͲݶݶƳĻߣȻҲһϷʱǶǺŮ磬ҹǻɴġͬʱ˶ֻȥЩ֣ϸһɷʵǼٵģ˲ڵߡ
־ʮ棬Ī˷

ɢ֮󣬹ͻȻһ̾
ݶ̵㣬ſɶǺˣΪҪΪǶ̾ϢɼϷأһ͡
ˣ
˻һ̨¹ھ죬ǿɶǺѽô˵ô
΢΢Ƴۺգޱ飬·𲢲ʲôס
ǵŵȻǺˣһ˵Ѫǵġ
䣬һС
ֻбϵǾߡʬ塱ͻȻ¡
̨¹ȫûϵҲһһŷ⡪ʬǼ˫ǣǼѡ
㣬ǡ˺ƻš
ȥ
ǡ
ûʲôǣҪ
Ҳɴչ
ʵҪںǾǷǳףþһԭϵĺŮȵôὫ죬ϵȻͱô۸ˣڵԣǿǷǳӱģǷǳڴķչǼԣһ룬ͻȻµıƳͻʵսɾ;ǰѽ
Ҳݣ
ܹðʺ
ô±ڹǾ
΢΢̾С֮ɫѽ
ЦӺγԣ
̫ʥʱڵ£㶼ݻ磬¿ɴСѽ
պǺǵ̫ʥѾΪɺҲǺһңҲʲô׵ġ
΢һƺЩʲôʲô˵
ԭˣ
пһ룬ͻȻ
֣СʵĪǿʲôˣ
ֻҡҡͷδش
ǵ̸ʱ̨Ǿͻ䣬Ůʷѩ㽫Ȼز󣬺ò׽ѣȴʧˣ
·
ֻǶԺԣĹڶԡʧ䣬ֱ֮ʰ
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Ӿݹ˰ʧ䣬ʵʧڹŴѼΪ͵ҽƼԴܵشһֱӹˣǻʸȥ̸ʧѽ
û뵽ôչҲ²ľηչ˳ڴ
Ȼڿüʱһؼ㣬²һС˸֣СǾȥܣ첢δ˵ֻ棬˵ʷѩڵĲͨУһȻŭǰ׽͡
Ҫͷʱ𣬺첼£
̫ӵˣ
ôûˡ
ɫ磬һɣˡ
ǿǵ꣬ͲǶ࿴һô̫ûˡ

ǰǻգһڶĻնŪùʹ
Ҳһźա
ʼɸûйϵζŵġ
޳ܣ
һȻ˼ơ
Ҳûã첼Ѿϡ
ҹעǲ֮ҹ
ζѾϰˣҲѾԤƵˣ˿Թ֮ΪǣԹԽ󣬾ԤʾԽɹ¥Ļ磬ʹûԹ·𿴲ν
ǽ㣬ݶ˫㣬ݵ̫ˣ
ܼܵѵĳŸոմ̨ĹǵŮ˵
ζҲΧȥ֮ԣһһ
ƨȻͷϷݼȴǷǳտȫͶ뵽ɫУʱҪݵúãζϷǾԼ

ùһЦֻ˹ǣ治ҷ¥ƣ״ε̨ݳ󽫷緶;ɣʵ̾
ȴ΢΢ƳһۣüԹ֮ɫֻа׬Ǯˣܻ֮ԡ
ôˣҲҪϷңûУǿѽ׬Ǯһ˵˵ţֽŵҶֵķǳҹ룬Һúףһ
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Ǹ˲ѣȴԹ𣬹Ƕȥǹ˰죬¥ɨԱˣ֪ûϷˣֵ½½ʼ볡ˡ¥ɲںǵĸܣǴѽɲû¥Ҳݵôˣǳȫõʵ⡣
һ棬Ƿͻ䣬һҪ֪ɻ˵ǽˣǿǿӳˣҲܹգֱ¸ҹеĵ

ȥǣ˵Ľһ档
÷¥δ뿪һɺͨ¥Ժ·ϡ
ӣ⡪ⲻװɣ
ԵһṫӸǾˮˮ뺫նӦġ
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˼ææԺȥ
ϻ̤ׯʳֵô󣬿ǽΣǮ£Ҳŵ棬ţ»ѽһ㶼麫ա
Сո磡˵Ľǽ㡣
ĸӣ
ţҲȣΪѾԤϵΨһȵǣȻǰ档
ӡ
帮
£Ҳ٣СӵƤʤһﰡЦСؼϴϴ˯˵˵áëûг𣬾ͳѧ椣Ӱ췢ġ
˵ˣ帮ˣҲǽؼϴϴ˯Ҳֻܴңִ򲻹ң¸
һЦȴֵȥԵһ¡
ǣ
뿪֮󣬺վȵι㲻ļСӰɡ
ȴ֮ѵû뵽ô
յȻΪ㻹Ǵ´ࡣ
ǵұ˽ˣԽǵòľԽõվܾǾƲݵģ϶᳣ɧǣ˵ζǣϾֻǱĸˣȴǹ幫ӣڷ¥ָ˵أȻˣҷģ䲻Ҫǻ帮ǲӦӦ帮ĶӣǻǴ´ࡣ
Ҳ֪ԼһףȻĻҲһЦ˭ˣǵСӺò㣬ɱ̫ˡ
ǵһۡ
ջɹԼȥʵҲһŵ֡ǲδںԺ󣬱ϾԺŮ̫̫࣬ʣѡŮ˷ļ
ɼˣЩѼǾȻӦΪĻ֮°Ͷ㾪ˣĳϽˮ಻
ŵһͿЦŮ˷Ǳȥ
֣֣Ҹո˵ǰǣҲӦˡ
΢΢ܵԣе˵
ΤŭСӹȻǳŹġ˵ţһǺΪβܾأ
һĨɻ֮ɫȴЦ˽Ƕһ²һ£ѣŴС֡


1299 
Ҳ˿֮ҹںտҹӦεġ
Ҫ˵һϷջϾд˸籾ɼ籾ҲθĶ࣬ΪһϷǾľΪǱҲǸ˳ǺյĵǵĽֻҲҲ죬ûŮϲ˵ģĳ֣ǿһµĳ·ǶΪԼҵɱҲɲˣܴܲзɡ
ȻҶڿ޹ǣζȴӸˣǳɾ͸Уֻ⼸Ѫûа׷ѣ칦ϣҲ¸߰ȵ죬޶ˡ
ͷǿԵĻζǻһ£ӦЩ鷳ӵܡ
Ů˷ǰ
Ҽʶǹķ绪ҡͲȴװģ
ңңӯӯ񣬵һ糾Ůӣܹ빫ʶǵĸ
ԣһĨ֮ɫȴǹһ񣬵ӹ˶٣죬ɫ磬¾ͲϢˣȸˡ
ߣ
һתоһĨ֮ɫݵСϷʵǼ̫࣬аá
ȵߺһתֻһӰվ󣬿ǵûбŵĵ㻹ͦҵġ
ǵȻŸ˵һҪתȥ
ǰЦ
һʲôǿǩԼģɱ뽫Ҹˡ
ҡҡͷҿûɴһժ˵һǮȥ
ŭĵһۣôݳķϣͺҿһأҲǲô
ºźž͵ˣϾҲаչЦ
öʱϲüңаŭ֮Ҳʧɼ뿪Цһ仰ȴʮá
ֺĵô
һ̾ƣ̬ԣۣ
һ㶣漴׹ôôαӣôҲǹŻͺеģǾһôСѧ˳椣ȥģһ죬ؽԭα¶Ҳ̸֪ǶôɣԲġһϷģȻᱣ㡣
һ仰ǱԡһĨϲɫ˫ַڱ󣬺СĲǰȥ
ˣ˵źžͻᵱˡһۣевĹǣϾϵһҵϷŮˣ׷ȥιǷʲô
帮
ۣζôء
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⵹ҲǣòԻûģõĹؼչԼƣֱӻίУҪ׼ȷƣǵȻõ˵¡
˵գ˽ǹЦҪζ£磬˼룬ºͻǶȴֻЦϣоް㵣ǣⷬľֻҲûܹȵϡ


ɫ֮˵ǴɣȻ·ģΪﱸ˺ܾãǾϸҸлģǰɫ˵ˣҲ˵Ĺϵֻʿ֮ı׶ˣֱ֮ӹϵ˵ңһ˵ģ˵ûǵ£ǰǲġ
ǹǣɴأԡ
˵òǵݼǾտһҲͷһݻ硣
ǻĹǲѾժɴô
ջǴɴģԺժɣڴ

˵ʷѩһô
ӦûɣǲŮô
Ҵƽʷͻʹ壬ʱڽսܹһ𡣡

ʧˣ᲻Ͷͻʣ
ܡ
ѹǻ˭ῴ
˵õҲǺľηչ

֣ղȥ֮ô֮ҴͻʽսʱڵĹ£
š
Ҳݣ
ɲôǿʱҲŵˡ˵֮ȷʵҪȰɫʶˣڶȲ뿴ڶˡ

ѽҲݣ
ǰҲûԹ͢Ҳû˵׼ݣû֪
ոǸе棬ǰδйģɫҲǵֻǰ֮ûǣ֮͢Ȼ漰Ҵ£Ҳû˸е£ΪɲʱŪ÷ণĻ滹ǷǳŵģȻ㶼ݣҾ͸ҿ
ǣǰգǴ󳼣ɽοǹˣ㲻ڣԶ֪ĵЩ;˵ɾš
鷿
˵鷳ı£Ҳܳңһ£ûݸ綼ô󳼵㣬֮ƤѾˣԣѾ𲻵ŵˡ
Σ˵ˣһ˵ʲôһΣ£΢ôȷЩ񣬵΢ڽ£ʵ΢÷¥ݻ磬Ҳ΢Ǽּݻ磬ΪһЩá
Цˣᵥʻ˵ɣһ֮Ŀĺڣ
յȻΪ˴ٽںϡ
ʵһ֮Ĺ±ʱҴͻʵս
ǡյͷֵ£δսĲпᣬ֪ƽ󡣳֮ѡʱڣϣñ˴˶֪սֻͿ̿˭ҲúãΨһܹһİ취ң㣬໥֡ͬչҶá
Եͷ
ּغԭƳлģʴڴԭտ˾Ұһ㣬ëѪ޳Ҳ볹׽ҵİһȱҪߵĵӣһϷһὫ˺õһչڴǰֻȷʶ˴ˣܹںһ𡣡
ЦŵͷǺԣūʹĮͥɰ֮һ¹ԭһǿͻʣɼ֮߷ǳ֮ơʵ֮𣬲Ѫͳϰ׵ĲͬǺȥòԭҲɺ˵ģ˸ʵѡԵ֮ذܹദʵҲ뵽⣬ҲСĽǣĪҪŪɳ׾ˡ
ģһϷ֮׼ôãΪ΢֪ʲôʴΪСĽ˵ֵǵˣ΢ϣһϷҴƺжĹҴƾӵõյľ˵ҫкʹС
üҫкʹУ
յͷ£Թͳ˧ӵأΪЮıһ˽²ˣǹҪӱȻҲ벻ͳ˧
ɫ죬ھԣеĻ⣬񵱳ӵأܲôÿ£ҲΪʲô֪ɽǹǲȡģҪΪ̫Σˡ
ǺȴǷǳ̹ʣȻڣǾ͵ֱֻǾ£ûб뷨˵ʵһֱڷ佫ӵأ´δϹΪҪΪȱ񡣡


1300 Ӣ۴
·
ŷ޵·֮ⲻھƣյ·ȴ֮ⲻھơ
ǴǣҲֻǿںһ㣬뵽ԭôһ˼
ղ˵ҲûõһأβʣҲһεģΪǰһ
ھԣǣ䣬ʢģǲĶɣ̫ƽʢ֮磬ֻͷ䣬ĸôɵ
ҲΪʲôڣһսԽԽƲӣڳֵҲǶΪѵͷɡݼ̹˶ˡʱӢۣ˵һ٣ֻ˵Ŷȥ̣ʢŶȥιˣǸԭ
Ҳ⣬ڵ䣬ϾƳ̫ʢ˶彣佫ǶһԲϾͿ̫ƽʢ͹ˣƳֵţΪʲôΪĿ˿֮·߾һƣǴͻʣ˭죬ΪĹϵиԭкΨһĳ·˿֮·۲ŴԵĺ۶ûһ㣬ҪܹǾʸǧŵһۣĻͲ̫ˡ
ƽ䣬һֱǾ⡣
ξǽԼҵ˼Ƴ䣬һϦ֮䣬ѣԴ佫ΪķѣҴξĵˣ佫γĵλ˲ˣξǹӲд꣬һֱ̧ͷ
ɼʷΪҲþȷġ
˵ȥβ¶ɫ
յʱ£Ϊζս
εȻǱ
Ц
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յˡֱԣļҲв飬㣬ҪôΪأҪôû취ȷۡ
ûʵûǮ˭ԸΪ궼ӱ۵ġ
յ֮ھ˶ԣ̱ڹҶԣǷǳΣյģɶֻЩĻ佫̻ӵأǽƾ佫һˣֻҲ죬úƵֶΣ޷ǾǲƸô˵ȻµĸԴھΪζս˳Ϊֻƶƽ⣬޷һʧֻעؾ˽Լ˶ԼΪΪӺǵȻǴӱʹж
Ϊʲô΢ҪѵӪҫǽΪ˶ӦѧԱǵĸĸֻϣʼҾҫС¶ѵӪһЩѧԱ֪ģǰɶΪӵܣȴܹסԼһ˽ơ
ǸڻʼҾҫУԼһ˽ԼҫԼȥǻʱʱ̿ԼҪǻʼҾʹСƾѧԺĵΪµľۣڳ۹ȻȡҲӦý˵ҫʹҴÿʿȷ֪ԼΪζս
һֵĻѣ˵ôţXĺô
˵ҲһѣǺβˣЧ΢Ҳûпʲô
ҲźղģϾڳеĵô࣬Ҫ̫ˣȻ˵ĵ΢΢һЦôһ˵޶ȥ֮ˡ
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СӣιһЦָָգɫϣܹ˵
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Էһ㶣һԵ츻˽תǺһЦĪƱ
ɺϲʹȻϵҵ˼Ǵһ¼С
츻ʹ㿴ҲͦģǹæʵûȥƱٺ٣
ҲһЦźա
ЦУȥܾ˾˭ֵá
лʹлʹ
⼸һһЦ
ܾ˾칫ң̴ֻ˼ġΤ档
ϣգûʱ򣬷ǿɾ˵㡣̴һգǴϲѡ
˵ʲô
ΤЦʲôȻ֮
һۣǲҲҪһصƱɣ
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̴Ʊֻһ˵ѣʲôϵҪȥҪôƱ
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£˰ɣ˾պҲȥݻ磬⻰Ҫ˾ҵС
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а
˼ļ
ţ
ղһۡ
˼ĵҵǺε磬ҲҵƽΪһսҿһϷͱʲôģǶûãɴҵģңһи˿
շ·˶ӣ˼ЩٶȻϣԭô棬ҪǵĻۣǶô硣ȻǰỹǽӮĻϣҪǺոҽҧʷǺ³̨ǳ̴ƴġ
պǺЦš
˼ĵЦѽѵ˵ô
ոЦʵԼѽҿṩϵ֧֣㻹Ҹ̫ʥϡ
˼ĵһ£̫ʥϿݲõġ
̴ȴҲȻÿôȥݣҪǸ̫ʥϵӢǣṦΰݲá֮һս統ҵ׷̫ʥϿҵǰ㾫ʣҪŪһ磬רŽҴνġ
Ϊͻһսҧûô룬ͻʣǳҧҵһսҧĹڽʱڣȻϣһι¡
ʵĪ֮䡣ЦǺǵ־ͽӢ۴ɺã
Ӣ۴
̴һӣ˷ֺܵð֣ҿͽ֣
УͻȻЦһǾ仰ԼȥݣһǣҲͻ鰮Щ治


1301 Ŀ
һܲ͸ǽϣһСǼпܻϸ죬Ƿǳġ
δ˽ʷŪôֻ·Ҷһţԭôǲǿأ
뷨ֳ
̴˼Щ˶ˣ˾͸Ӳ˵ٽ֮׷ȥ¥ѯûԼĸ׻үүǲ˵úݣϣܹǵ˸̨ȻǰһսĽ˭֪ƾʤ˭Ը⡣
ֻһ磬յĿĻǴСϷӳһսܻǣЩġ
ʵˣҲû㣬ɲһξ硣
֮ĺ䶯꼻һ֣⽫ܾúܾá
ջȫζȥҲûйΪҲдþ籾ǻ粻ʹᣬֻǽζԼдǿ¥Ĵ졣
⣡
ۣôˣ
սԪϰΣǵȵʱ򣬷ɽܱ߿վ˲ˡ
գ
һ£ֻ׼µԪգͻȻת򣬳ų˹

ǰĹŵҶ
ӣ
ղɵĨһ亹
ŶŶŶ
ԪһͲɵ˷ܵĴС
һԪվ䵽߲ԶּæŻա
ιιιעһ㣡
ռæֵ̧
Ԫ̧ͷۻæסŲֳź˷ܵգˣѾ÷ǳˣܻܲطˡ
ʱԪﻹа㱤緶ѵһС
ԪصͦյĻղûطûлǵͿջУѾ÷ǳˣֻжԣʵ̫ҪˣҲҷ
ЦĶȺгˡ
Ԫ£ⲻǼ̫˷ô
ɣ
ɣ
ʱܱΧ۵ȺҲΧ˹еһ
չ֣δڣԪվͿʼζŻ˿գһȥһȥ
ЩԪգǸŭԡ
պżûôôˡ
һ˼æҵǲɿԪڴ˷У˹Ħ˵Ǻɷģ
ЦԺ飬ʱ˵λ£κζ͵ÿѧñӡ
磡磡
һ£˻ͷһֻСҰֳ˹ָϽɢ
磡
СҰֿŻǰΪĵ磬ﻹ̫ˣɲ˶ãûɶȤζɶʱܹһĵط
յҽվǵϰôٷɼθҿǺϸĻͻطɡ
ԪաСҰôϲѣŻɽȥ
Ҳȥˡ
ϵɽͷԪһѱסյĴȣ۰Ͱ͵Сո磬ʲôʱҷɣ
СԴЦ¸ؾʹһΡ
Ԫϲѡ
ǱԪաСҰѾ׼ͷա
ûϵǻôͷʼɣ
̳ɽ£ķǳȣҲǷǳȡ
ʵۼĻͿԻˣҲòϣƽ̫ǿˣ츳ʵǸߵľˣԪգǳŬ˳ԺʹֱŹ飬Ҳ䷳ֻǷнϸڣģĥĥǵӡ
磬Σ
ԶԶСҰĺ
ջӦ컻ء
𡪡
ԪաСҰԪǶĻ
ʵɣջỻɷǵĹۿ
ֻЦ
ҲȥԪұΪͷǱѾʼװˣϾҪˣԪĵǷǳæµΪ⼸죬Ҳûֹǰһ׼ҴȥͷǱ߿ԪĵʵҲȥǶԽԽˣš
գ
մԪһߵɽϣɽԶǰǸҪ߳٣ֻǴֱ߶ȣΪɽµбȽϳĻʵҲûзǳߣҳӲݣΪ˰ȫѾɽ£ʯͷȫŪߣ˳ӲݣŪһصĻܵںԤĸ߶ȣˤȥҲ˵ܵˣһ˶ѣͬģܱߵҲǷǳƽ̹⣬һҲǷǳġ
ɽվŰˣȻûиǵص㣬һԪұ׵㣬ĸźһģɼЩ˶ڷҲǼȤǶһЩˡ
ԪաСҰվɽϣѾȲˡ
ջǲ䷳Ǽһ߻
ǰ漸صľ飬Ǽ鲻λֵôͷ߶һ飬Ҫϸ飬ɾ͵ˡķǳ棬úҲڡ
ǺջǸǽһ飬¿ס򣬲һ˽һҪ䣬ѵǿƻķ
һ׼֮󣬺Ϊʾһ飬һԪСӣڱӽסԪСغᣬӹ̶ģմ̫ĸ
ȷ֮󣬺տŻɽ¡
ΪԭǸɽ¸߲٣ûܼ۵һ죬ֻԪ
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ˣ
ɽ¶ʱ󾪺ΪǴɽ¿úշɵúܸߣɽбܳʵҲܸߡ
ۣ
ԪСӿһҲ£ſ˫˷ܵĴ
һЦͻȻ΢΢б

ŵԪϽźյĲӡ
ŶŶŶ
ԪաСҰվɽϣúֻյĻ󻮹һߣ˧ҪҲָŻ
ɽµ˸Ǽ
һοôߵĵط裬ֱּԱ
еĺһղ䵽ָغ˼æ˹æ
Ƿ谡
Сո磬ܴܲٷһΡ
ŸմӺձԪƨ
Ц㳤֮ٽɡ
ԪֱСԴֻܹ㳤
ɣɣ
ʱЩΧ۵ĹǼ˹
ɣ㷽ŷɵ̫ÿˡ
ɣܲҲ̽ηɣ
ɣҪΪʦ
Ѿеĵز
̧̧֣λĿǰֻʵ׶Σȵ֮˵ɡ˵ţǣԪɽȥ
գ㵹ǿ㰡
ԪѾȵòͷһĴߴźգֳͿջУôˣһô֪࣬顣
ղûдƵϵɽ£ָݷеḶ́ǽһ飬οƻҲǻѵһ֣תûתãǷǳΣյġûԪǷָ򣬶һĸо
ԪպСҰҲǿ꣬Ȼ׷ϵԼ˷֮ɫ
ʼɣ
һ£̸ȥܿ˾ͷ
ޡޡ
ԪּĴŴأֻԼ仯һֻӥпǲΪ˵Ҳ
غ÷ԣûм㿪ˡգлл㡣
Цɩɩˡ


1302 
׶εϰҲѵãΪҪƿθݷͷƻ츳ֻһ棬ؼҪϰɹغЦġ
ԤҪϰһ¡
ҲԪǻ᲻ͷˣֳͿջУôˣοС
Ԫյͬʱ伯Ҳһʷʫͨڹͨӵ棬ͣһҴ󴬣ɰǧ˽һϴмſûôˣЩ˶붼ܱũΪѹûɶ¿ʱ˹ǹǵڼţǶԣǿǷǳɹۣŬǮܹ׬֣Ҳǳġ
ԶԶȥҲǷǳ׳۵ģҲǰۿ
񱱷Хµĺʱ
һģ˽ˣˣǳ֯͢ģһȫ֣ȻģȻˣ˻ϴɾ͵úüա
ϾѾﱸãΪҪǣΪյĵƷѾ紺ð˳ⶼڳԳһǣȥӦȫģ֪
ԪաСҰһգҲӲ졣
ǵĲֿǿˣ
ɣľһз¥־ľϴǴһΪ¥һĲԶԶܹ߳ʣˣî㾢ڿֿѾѷˣҪ֪⻹˺ƷñȺյľרΪǮһ־ƣ־ֻǮܹºҲֻǸѣɼˣǼѹôɣľܲôܹһˡ
ԣһЦɣľ˵׬Ǯǻһô
ɣľһ㶣˵һˣʮֻҲǹˡ
յȻˣ׬ǮǶԣʲôأ
ɣľ㶣Ƭ̣һźա
յݵʱһףȻ׬ǮĻ׬ǮѾҪ˼ˣҪĿŵøһЩδһӷҿɳչĻǸ¡˵Ʒǹ٣һƷҲǹ٣ǿǵȴǽȻͬġ
ɣľ˼Σͷˡ
Цŵͷµ˿ɶа׵
ɣľæģѾ׵ˣЩ˶Ǵӹܣܹһ棬ȥϿӦòʲô⡣
һϱͬʢԴҲǴͬͬƣýľƿ϶ǱһζҪĻܹϣͬʱҲýϱøԣýϵĻﳩȱһɰ
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ЦֻһߣֻǳɹˣԻкܶ׷ǣϸԣֻʱ⣬ҪþǾʱѹݣҪóã͵óÿһ̡
Ӵˣ죬Сӣݼɡ
һܵǰؾͰݡ

ռæǰסˣΪϲӦ֪Щˡ
ӡ
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æվĨ۽ǣʵҪǺɣС϶нգ˵ļͷˣΪ˺ϵɽ»𺣣Ҳرһ
ĵҿɲҪϵɽ»𺣣׬ǮһǵҾˡ
ǣǣ
ͷɵǺǵЦţȫȻһˡ
գɲ׬Բǿǲ𡣡
ֻǮ󷽡ļ׵ȱ˹
һʵˣǮǣβѡ
ļ׵ɣǲ֪㿴Щ̳̳޹ޣɶռҵģģ׷֣ӵ·ˡ
æɽС϶ƿǣС϶ܸһ¥
ƿǣʵ˿ԭ˿ǿ϶첻ģΪûл˺վͽԭ̸ܷ棬֪ŪˣֱǸԵĴ£ΪܷмƽãҲˮ;ˮҪװ˴ҶռҲɹԪҶֱӴռҶ
˼ڶҵͷżʽרŽ˵Ĵ󶩵ͬʱҲΪƷӣ϶ҲǴ˵ġ
ǳһָĴֻ̣˺񣬷ǳ͵ɽ¶ˮҲǺһ㣬ȫᡣ
Ǯ󷽺ĽʱһũȴԶԶʤΪⶼǺմģЦɣɲƫѽǸôãҲָǼô
ļҲһЦźա
ﲻ֪ʲôãⲻĹֻͣǵ㲦˼䣬ؼ裬Ƿǳ˲ģҪںǾǴʦģϿҴˣӲ͵ϣӦ£֤һǮһۣǻ˼˵ǵõҲϸǣ֮ڣҴҵһڣӭһ߷ڣ˭ҵģǾϸ㣬Զ׬٣ҲǾȡ
ǮֱЦ
յһȰǣϽļͥʽΪʽвĽ飬Ҳֻ콥ģȫպ˵ȥˣ׬ΪƻĿʼ͵Ļּ࣬ʼ͸Ӳ˵ˡ֣СԵ
Ѿô˵ôΪֻóҪ˵ı£Ǯ󷽵ˣҲΪˣȫӺյģ;ѧǱ飬֣͹ֱԼܹóΪֹ
˼䣬ӵȥһǰЦ벻Ԫٹ˸ﶼŵð
Ԫܡ
һ֮£תͷȥǺգּܱˣһĨźһСøСֶڵȷǳţΪ
ֹȴЦΪʵ̫ˡ
ԪڨڨһЦø˵ǣҲû뵽еô󣬶ԤʱҲûôֱ࣬ǰգ˵ĶȫͳƳ֮Ҳŷԭеô޴ùöЩ᲻ŴΪԪʳˡ
ʳܹ׬Ǯˮܹ׬Ǯˮ£϶ӹмŵʳġ
Ԫּ˵⵹ֻΣؼһµĽõĻⶩֻ»ᷭϼõĻǿɾˣСֶҲְ
ǰ¿ͷѣ
յͷǳԪܴʱĵǣΪ˺쾵ۿõûǱȽٵģһ㶼ǳ͢ʹã̵˵Ǳģмźɽǿ·ˣһ˲ܽϱ̵ͨͲ룬ͻԽԽѡ
˵һȫͨ̾ͿȫߣΪȫģ˿ڷǳ࣬Ƴ磬ûСһһأڳ꣬͹ȥֻҲȵصҪˣɰӰ֮ԪܲŰ
˵ʱɣľͻȻ첽˹㿴Ǳߣ
һ㶣ȻƫͷȥֻһȺԪܾȵǻϡ


1303 һũ
˼ګ帮ȼλ󳼣ռűװУԶĵطͣԪܷԸɻԼӭ˹ȥ
΢ղμ£
񣡡
δ޵ݸһԵ帮˼ګȴҲ
½Цѹ޷Žȥ㣬ûţԭﰡ
ʵҳк£
޹ָǰͷ
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յ£񳤰Ѿʼתͣ⻹ֻǿʼԽԽġ
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ͷŴҲǰշʳˣѾʢˣԼְʣµʱ͸ԼˣǾûʳ֮󣬺һ仰ڰδһšʵٻӹľҲÿˮ֮Уֻ˵һжԼΪȣԼ˽ûʱǲȥյҲӹòá
ּ¬˵÷ǳԣũɣȷ˹֮ζõģܽũɣΨһũɣػʵĵػȥˣǷӣ˳ΪڱȫũɣͬʱҲôƶҵðյøã
ҵҵͬΪʲôŴϲˣΪ˴²ûдƸҵҲƸ
¬ɲũɣ죬Ҫмƽˣ
Ц˵Ļ˽Ϊ˹֮
¬λǹ֮
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ֳȴ֮⣬óסʳȻóףҹ֮ôΨҵóסҵũҵڣũҵһָһջ񣬻ÿԷҵ滹ǻۣͺñǰ¿ֱȽϲֽţȻֽűһֽҪ࣬ԭȴһЩϾľͷЩľͷ·ߣ˶࿴һֵۣһǮǽתΪֽţֵӰٱȵҵķչڹ֮󣬾ܹʼóףҵĲƸյҴʳʱ򣬼㲻һһ䣬֮£Ī
Ŀ⼱ľͷֽţȥĲƸ̫ˬˣЦһụ̃
䣬̸оĿһĿɨȥŷȫˡ
ǮȻվñȽԶ˵ʲôΪʵﶮõ˵һ˾³ˣЩûʵôĵ˵Ҫụ̃ĶŵòҰףʲôడ


1304 Ӳ
ҲЩΣա
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æǣ֪ˡ
ʵ˵仰ȥ˽ͣ潫Լ˰ɡ
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εͷȷһĻ벻Ҳֱܹˣֳֻܹ͢û̫עҵķչ
帮ֵҪ˵˰ֻ»ǲܹģϾҲֻǳ˱Ƚͻطϵ˻ǰһ㣬ʲô˰յһңŪõòʧȡѵ˵ǳ͢һ˰ΪµˣȻҲںһ˰գҲܹ淶ӵ䣬⽫ֻһ࣬ɻҡ
Ρ¬ҲԵͷ
ﲻ֪帮ڴʲô⣬࣬˰Խ̵࣬Խ࣬һ˫صδѣ
ңңⶼǸѧġ帮ͬҲһ˫ء
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ǫˣ˵ε£ǳ޳ԣںӵĹͽ裬ȷӦýһǿ˵Ҫôûг͢ĵغ֧֣ҵҲչô͢ôȡӦķãҲӦõġ
˵һתҶУû˸ҿ϶һȥһܹ׬Ǯ׬ǮˣܷȥҲһδ֪
˳ʱɳ͢Сɽ˽½Ӵȹϱ̣ͨȵϱһУͨʱ淶ӵӦ˰աھյĻһ˵Ķµ飬һǲֻµʱ͢ӵˣҲղ˰գԽĻ˰տԶԽܹͣӯ⣬ũĸֲӰ˵Ļԡ
帮ҲûΪ֪ⷽյģԽȥԽշӵĻᣬǿΡ
γƬ̣Ϊ˵öԣĿǰ˰Ϊʱˡ
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ʱһʿߵ˼ګԣ˵˼䡣
֪ˣ˼ګͷʿ֮ε£ǰߴϢ˾Ѿɹ˻ƺӣձɵﳤ
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ǵĹӵʢԵЩ΢
ǶںնԣµĴҪΪҪ
İˣڽеĻﶼ˻ҲѾװ
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1305 ֮
Ӧˣ
ջ䣬͵ͷ޳ɡ
ĿٵĴӹյգǻ˵һ룬˵ɣ˵ɡ
⺫տĸԴ볯࣬ܲ˽϶кġ
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֪ڰ˵ǵȻҪӣ˵ʲôʲôɡ
ˣôֳ߾ˡ
дԲӣҪ˵ÿɲǸ߾֮ǡյʿǰƴɱΪǹҵһԼ޶ﲻãʿܹĴ̣͢ȻǳӦǽ֮ǡ
ƶǶ⻰Щ뻯Ȼˣǳ͢Ҳȥչǣʵν֮أ
Ҳǳɻźա
⡣΢ΪΪؼĻǳ⣬Ҫʿܵ͢ǵĹذ֪͢һ߾ܹǵļˣȻȻͻ˵һ٣ɼĿⶼҪɱˣϽӦҲ֪նϣԼĺȥѧԺʵмҲһЩʿĺܹѧԺ飬΢ΪнʿһǱµĶ飬Ҳչֳ͢ÿʿӡ
һͦ
ҲƵƵͷ
׵ɴ˲ҴʮȫܹѧýѧԺֵжʦֻ͢İ
Ҫϼٺ»ܶǶټѧԺˡհһ䣬˵ǣҪȷһʾ޿͢ģǸ
Ƶ㻹˵ô
յҲҴƹٶȣڲõδһܹһġҾõҲһ֮ͿɵģΪʲôھͿʼˣ⽨һһʿǿ˳͢ĳ⣬Ҳһͷġ鳯͢ѧԺΪѧԺҪĲܹΪ͢һ㸺⣬ѧԺǻʺʿΪսɳʺΪ·ǣʿļˣա
帮ĬһֻۣҪ̧ǵĴΣֻ޳ɣΪҲµõǺոõġ
Сӻǻ˵ҲЦŵͷ
ּ˵ôĴôһǳһֱǿĳ⣬ʿǼǣϸ΢ǣǵļͥܲмôܲȫȫıô
ҲϾ۵ĳԣ۹ھڶ࣬ʿж붼֣ʿĺʶ֣ھ˵Ҳżߣþߵʵ֡
ٳ͢ھӽ͵ĸΪһֽͣϾȥѧԺѧһǮգѰնԣǼߵĴˣʤ͡
ģԺܺõȶסҳƣ¸ĸģ˭˲ϣгϢǲξ飬ʶֵ˱ȲʶֵĻҲҪһЩѧӾϵϣӱ۵ʿΪԼĺصУҲһҾս
ţԽ취еͨ
ǵһ͵ĵǷǳҪģƾҪͨ佫ƾƱػûʵ۶佫ģҪ˵ֱʩʿ⼸㷢͸ʿҲͨ´˵м仹˿۲١
Ȼһγʮ͢ҲͲˣǸӲʵֻ˵й͡ѧ飬ֻлʵۻЩʿʿһмʵۣЧһʵۣҪͳ˧ʿ췴Ūʵۣʿ϶룬ҶӻڻʵۻʺѧУ飬ҪŪʵۣҴӦҼҲӦ
⣬ƲļƣʿǸְģְҵˣǷۣ˵ۿ϶òٺôصĻ͸ˣٶҲˣҲ˰Ƴ˰ܸѽȻӣؼ沢ʼ̧ͷʿضûУǻѽȥػؾɢ취סЩˣֶڹŴտмջðֶһؿǡ
ǳ͢ѧԺأʵ
ǮĻǳ͢ԼŪˣôӣǮܸʲôأ
յʵѧԺΪȱľʦ鼮ܹ͢ѧԺʦ˰ҸһŴñ˵ѧԺʮ꣬ҷǳɫƸںĹݼְѧʿרŴ½ĹⲻܹͶʦУҲܹΪ͢ѡ˲š⣬鼮
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յ񳤰ҵչȻҵҪΪ͢ԽУҪ˵ʱȡʿȣ·ЩʺŮ˵ĹʿŮ⣬Ҳǻطѹ֪ЩʿΪԭ˵ûأ棬͢ҪЩˣȷʿơ
΢鳯͢ڱ½һרŰʿǵļıƣͬʱҪ˵ʱҲҪȥңֱϱˣɳ͢ΪмˣȷӶ˫Ȩ档
һУ
帮ڣ¬ţֲ̫Ծˣôֳҵȥ
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Ȼûף֪һȵֹգŪ˵֪δڣ˵Ȼ⻹ǵ÷ߣһλͲֳ¶ڽʿǳĹذȵ»Ҵƽʿҵʱ¡


1306 ȫ
ֱմһֲľ
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ҲûжԴ˱̬Ȼδúףپⶫߣ϶ҪһߣһӶˣʲôζںյ飬ͦصģѧԺΪıƣⶼֱɻʵʩʿھԽмĽ죬ڻȨġ
̸֮˽һս۵ľȻɢˡ
ǵѡһ飬¬Ҳףһվһİ˵ȻҲûǰȥˡ
СϷˡ΢΢Ц
Ϻǰջ治дʵ˾տ飬ȷһôȫΪҴƽʿ롣
ֻǵۺա
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Сʵ̫ˣȻܹôһþڣ˭ҪǾǸԣΪά棬վںߣƳսʤ佫Ƹ߰˵ѣֲǳ͢һеⲻǸʲô£ĳҪԵĻ佫ƴġ
ΣϷҲΪֵⷨһԡ
ϧϾǾˣܹΪʿĹǼ޵ġ˵Ƴ
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ϲ˹Ĩˣ˼ҹĨǵı죬磡һʵʱҲӦˣھ棬׶ˣƽǲҲӦһƶȣñޡ
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յݡ顷Ĺ涨һʮһ飬ʮһ飬ʮ꣬ʵҲûж𡣡
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յˡֱԣûȥ̵ģǳҲΪȡƵĻôȱͷ˵ʮʿﻹʲôս˵ĳⷴھӲΪͳ˧ȥ鿴ÿһʿʮʮУر𰡡ܹ޵Ļұ֤ʿ黹ʿҲ˰գôʿҲһͷģһ߲Ҫ˰Ǳأ԰֣ܴ֮꣬ʹ
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΢΢һֱӴʮ롣
յͷӶʮ굽ʮ꣬Ҳܹնһӵʱ䣬ʮһûУʮ飬ܹһѾ̱ڴֻʿٵĻӳ
ʵһԭû˵̷ޣھ
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յΪôϳ͢ľߣܹ飬ҲȥЩУ򾫱ƶȡ
ĬðΣϷ򻹵úú롣
Ҳֻǽѡ
յͻȻôΪ룬ǰҲһЩΪ뾡Ƹƣһ̶ϻǴٽļƵĻǾְҵȥڿƳ羫ۣǾԵǽ٣Ϊٿɶְҵһ˾ӢʱǶԱѵǳѸٵģɾϸȼ˾ѵֲ֧սĲ㡣


ǿɶ񣬾Ȼҵ
ոոţ¾ͼǰԹţͬʱźա
տͨѧìܵΪѧĻǶԷҪһ鵲ԼĿһƳתּڴڣҲ߰˰ˣȻ֪»е£ǿ϶ҲС棬ȻҪ߶½ɷ࣬Ͼͨõİ취ʹ÷ƣ֮Ļ⣬ԼΣ
˻յҲûв
ߵѵҷȾ֪˷ʵĿģŪ飬ҵ
ѽѽѽﻹһᰡûһЩΣʱסûн˵ףȻҲ֪ô¡
ͻȻֲúգΪߵسȻѴ
ǰȻʵɻã
Ǻǣȥɵĺܣûʲôһȥ˻ļλѣЩ˼ЦЦǶ㣬ʿǱģûɶھǹΡ
ɫ֣˵òСȷ˷Ŀڣ˭Ҳ˵սһƻһ㷢չ˳͢׼СʵĻ˻ɾ裬һս½һ˻׼㡣
㲻ҪںµĿڰ֣Ůһж
ίŮǺܹԵģţʷ˵ֽĿźա
ոջƣҪ˵ŮŮ߯Ҳˡ¶һЦ
ĻŵҪǰ
յȻƽϣͷˣʵֵķǳãԶƴӡ
µˡ
ЦҡҡͷȻȥϢ
ŶŮˣ
һ΢΢˺һۣСǧ˵
ռˣǺֺЦ
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ʵ൱ģֻ½㽾һֱûб¶
պǺǵСף˵ⷬǣҲҪС£뻳Ϻ޹ϵ
ⲻТ޺Ϊ޹ϵˡ

ֽȻͬ˼롣Զԡ
ֵӦóǶᣬٶ

Щ±ƣһûͿʼﻮһˣôȥ»ˡ
ƺ룬⺢ԺöؼˣʵܹΪ֮һ亹˵˶٣ֿյǺҾһӣ˶ӦΪǺҿ֦ɢҶҾҲʱɼλ̡
ȰŮ檣̫ҸˡոЦСʱû뷨˵ɣ˵ɡ
ǲ»ҿȥ˵ȢöǹҲм̣ⲻǶ˼ĹͬΪ࣬Ӧÿ֦ɢҶҪγһ壬Ϣ
ǣǣ
һ˵檣վЩмܲסˣСԼ룬ΪΪСעؾûиĻСʱ޷ܡ˵⻰ʱԼ죬治֪Ӧ£Ϊûڣûо顣


1307 Ǹˢ
һ£һֱۣǴҵǳһ£ǹ檡
ȻҲûôڷ˵ĸңǷ䲻檣Ҳ˼룬ڳ͢Ĺƶ棬ŹٷĹ涨Ʒٿɶλ檣Ҳ˵ǺϷģȻġ
ΪºѲŻϵģղ檣ôȫѹϣһĻһӣѹ͸ˣʵ檷Ǽµ
ʵôΪ˼ͥĺ
ȻԴ׵󣬻ϲһ㣬жޡӣ̣ӣⶼϸ涨ģ򣬲˵ģһ㶼Ǳ΢ʲôѾߣˣ붼ûɣǿԽģ²ȥˣҲѰӣὫΪӣҪһ㡣
񲢲֪ղֻŮһŮˣǱ߻ԪĵѩǾ൱ﶼûаƽǱ߻檣շǵ÷ˡ
˭˵նǹϾܾ붼û

գ
԰
΢ղμ£ʺ󡣡
һͱθ빬УȻҲ֪
񣡡
ǿȻŵʿĺܷȥѧԺѧһ£ҹʺ̸ʺԴ˻Ǳǡ
ŵɣѧԺǿ˾ʹг֧֣͢ΪƾȻɹϵžӣɲģʲôǿɾ鷳ˣҵ˼βóֱ͢ӽѧԺҲ˳һЩ
յʺ΢ΪѧԺĻǾʱҪô
ú棬ΪΣ
յ£ֻǽ켸ѧԺڳ͢ԣǵǾţһëҪչ˵µľĿǰĲԣֻġɳ͢ʽ棬ѧԺǾͲһֶͣһƶȣôڶʱڸе۳帮ȻĻЩûѧľе¸۳帮£ǲȷʵ
˳뵽͢ѧԺѧԺǻʺ󽨰ģûó͢һǮֶ˽˾ôЩûлѧԺľҲû£࣬͢ɽˡ΢飬ɱºͻʺΪһֶͣǳ͢ƶĸ
˵õҲ޵
εͷֿ
յаܽô
յʺ󣬼ȻһֶĶͣô˾Ǻãûвõһ˵
ͷ⵹Ҳǡ
յ΢ǽ飬ӾһسʼȽѧԺרЩʿĺȻռսʿĺռÿһʿ͢ΪǵȨ棬ҪʿǱ¶ǵһֶͣǾͲҪ̫࣬ǻΪԼõµľ˶м£ǻϲݡ
˵˶٣ȻҲøѧԺֿΪһѧԺõ֧֣͢Ļ𲻱Ҫ飬˽ڱ塢ɳ֧͢ѧԺʼѧԺ
΢΢һЦ
Цŵͷ
εôɡ
΢
ֵ⣬΢ΪԺˣϱµ¡ƵһЩ˴ʿļԼһЩ˲ʿ
κԸЩ˲ʿ
ЦһЩʺġ
οһЦܹ˵Ļòˡ

ʵ£պģﻹǵǣԼʿλߴǵĲɣȻûȥȨͬʱҲϣܹõ˵ֺ֧ͬеȻҲ
ǺҲⷽĵǣһֱһ㣬ƶƻʱȿǵľε档ռԼʲôεȥʩڰգñ˵ʼҾ죬ʼҾͷβǺһֵģǰոмǻʵۣ޵ö붼ǺգΪһֱڲϵǿǻʵ۴յ¶ң˵ԼĻͲԶˡ
ҲΪʲôԸɺյĽ飬Լ齻ȥΪһֱΪûнԼΨһԼģľѧûʵãרҵʵҲ
˶󣬻ǾԹεĻȨΪεǾԲɡ
ԼҲܣǮһòģȴܹȡģһֳɱڣֲĻͿȫƵϣҵıǺõģǺհ²ҲһôʼѵӪµʱҲվĽǶȣúȥЩ״Ĵֺۣ£λܾ
ȻͺҲдﵽԼĿģﵱȻܹƾѧԺõӵǷǳҪģϾʺģܲᱻôյĻĿľռҪ˲ţΪı䷨׼
νǣԴϲ

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ոոճûʹͼһŽƷĽӭ˹
ԺĿ϶ǴƾѧԺǱߵˡ
һôأ
ԺˣѧԺǱ߳ˡ


ģҪٲţӿɾͽƴŸˣʱһܲˡ
Ķˣ˵Ļûô
ˣˣȺӣӷǵǲɣɷҲ

ֻڴƾѧԺĴǰһȺߣçڴ󺰴У̧ţһŽȭһԣȲĺ鲻ϵ
λϢŭ
һкڵĽϲ̧ͷֻ˹
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ǽվԼˣû뵽Ŷý̫
Ƭ̣ձǰƃǾΧ˹ԼؼͶͷźվһ硣

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յƃҲҪΪ˽ͣôģǷǽȥǽվ͵ûؼ
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̴һϽ˼Ķ˶
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ƃбĿźգС̫˰ɡ
룬СǽСһŸӰ
̴ۿ̫ԾѽŪɳ׾æվԲգƃǸոճ뿴ԼĶӣδ֮С
˼Ҳǻûеף֪˼֮ࡣ
ж˲𰡣ҲҪˣżաһۣﲻ֪ⶼǸɵáҵȻ֪ң˵һˣҲܲǽȥλǽӦҲף̿ɲǿЦģŪöˣ˲оɽһ˵ѧԺȻҲˣⶼΪѧԱǺãλΪأ
һ仰µƃƿԣԼҪװƣΪǿˢģûȴԵһıŸ
ãҵҪСڸʲôڹŪ飬Ӹû꣡ƃ֪£ҲˣԿ˰ɡ
ճʿš

ѵ죬Ż


1308 ֪
һ
մƃѧԺĲٳʱһĻˣֻǧȫڵϣŽ̹ٵĿ飬
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ƃͻȻʧͷͷҶӵͷզûˣ
ϣҶӵͷҲˣǵͷզˣ
ʷǽԵþʧ롣
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֪ʲôô£ƃ˶µġ
ЩѧԱͷʱƃѾˣŸոջû˵͵һŻˡ
Ŷһ־ʾԭΪ·׳Լһ˵ţֽԭ˵һ飬ȻǿͷǻʵۼģҪȥһʵۣҡ
̴˼֪Ǻյ⣬Ǻ˵ҲûдεʱҲڳֻﰵһֻƻĺꡣ
ƃʷ˵ȻܲˬǶڣͽǶӵͷˣ˭ῪĵģǺˣ٩Щ˽͸Ӳö˵ˡǺſڱտھǻʵۣҲֻȱţŪ˵

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ʱҵǱ˹Լĸǰվһţ·ѾΪϰˣֱͦ

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̲еҷģһжá
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Ϊ˵̲תͷȥͬҲǳɻų̴
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ףص

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üǵ˼ҵĸĸûȴ㵣ĺƺˣ˳Цġ

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ҵ壬ҪûµĻֶҪȥѵˡ
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գ͸Ҷӳʲôҩôǻ
ѽѽ㻹Ҷӣ

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ЦŵͷѽҲҸһҲеǳľȡ
Ҳţ

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¶ɫĵϷѵķǳгЧѽ֪ѵģ
̹ܽΪѵ˾յĻְ챿֪ôӺ˵𣬲ѧԺרŵĹԱ¼ѧԱѵ̡
ֻѵӪǸιӦ갡
ҧйԱ¼ѵḶ́
̾˿¬һǵһǣϻڻʼѵӪ㶼ְˣһЩרż¼ѧԺѵḶ́ʱλĻֽдţ˵ˣʲô¶Թʵͦԩġ
㷽ô˵
㷽Ҳûʰ

ۺգɣ

һͼ̹ܽһѵ־˹ϣƃǾǰһһȥ
ѵ٣Сԡ˯ԷզѵӪ
ƃѵ٣һ˶ɵˣԷѵ
̾˿ѵӪʱϣѧԱǽԼʳܸҶǣǣһǵһǰԾͽһֽдף˵õʱҵĴ


1309 Ƴ
յĺտνһ磬ĺգڣɣֱǲʾףİоɽյĺվͬһǰͲϵظšûʲô֪ǡһǵһǣѵӪ˵£ѵӪʱ˶ĿƵãʵϣѵӪʱǽ˼ҸӡүŪûͷûˡ
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¶ʮҵʷޡƃ⡢̲򲻷½̹ٵ½̹٣ͼŹ½̹٣Υʦصľ񣬵λ̹ȫҹؽգʮʽ½̹ٵǸɨٳ¡

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쵽ĸ죬
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Ψҧ𻹴ֵ³һ֣ȫԺѧԱҵƃ⡢̲סߡӣȫᶼǲɡ֣еȡ£ţ
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ƃбĿһƺգõգҲ̫˵ɡ
ཫҲ׷ǲźա
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յҲ̫ѵ³̵ҶģΪҾѵսʱѪΪ롣
ѵѵôܹˡ
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ۿ罫ѵڽˣƃǿŶˣѧԱȴǾȣʳǱȥûʲôͦΣ̬ţûһ˴£·Ƕһµġ
ˣҲƵƵͷҪʶѧԱǵΪЩ˶ǾýɽʿӵܣñȴСǣǶ붼ǽ֮ǰǶǱıÿɰһԲϾͽĻСӡ
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ҵˣеүүûвҲû˻ôɵвʵ̹˵úܶԣϵս˿Ҳүү˭֪үү˼ңӺ඼ˣ̣ڴүүڿˡ
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ùһЦۿ΢΢Щʪҵļ򣬵ãĺӡ
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ҵֵүүûķԸȾȥԷˣѧԺԷʱƵġ
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ҵߺعͷЦЦĿźա
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ཫҲźա
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٩ҲֻܶѣǶˣǲҪˣΪʲôҪѡ
յǲͣѧκѣľ񣬵γָȻͲԸ;ϣ⣬ѧԺʵҲôģһǽ֮ӦǷǳȤģҲ˸ս˴ĵط
ЦŵͷֺγǵϹģսϣ㸸ĸ˭үү˭㶼ܹ㣬ֻܿԼԼսѣ֮ʵҲǱƳġ
ĽҲ׷׵ͷȷиͬܡ
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æֹ񣬵ǲùǣǵġ

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˾һһһˮ̸ϴ⣬Ҳǡ
Թ緹֮󣬺ִȥιۣǰͼƃ⡢λ򡢳̴ͻʮľͷȥ

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ƃеһ񣬾ͬСϪȥǳȻȫϴ·ʲôԣҪǰǲģһȺ竣ôԼϴ·
ΪѵӪĹأһҪɾģɾĻǸǵʱַǳޣϴ·ҪϴøɾҲҪϴÿ죬룬࣬ǳͷ̫ˬɨᣬɨéѧԱɨéֱӽé棬ǽ첻Ӧеز飬ʵʵĽͰϴˢɾ
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ҧЦǺǵѹǶԸ뿪ԭô档
ּ˵һ㣬˶࣬гأʲôȱˡЩСӣɶǻСģңͰ⣬ϰѧԺЩ֮ͻȻʵͦġ
̸䣬̴ѾǳԵĴӶ̰ҵ
ȵȥҲһЩˣЩƣЩΧ塢壬ǰħʽѵбˣȫôһ£ǾǣһǼ˻ҪɨĸɾһЩǱӵǷһƺ⡣
Ӧ˴ɨİɣʷ治̫ԼĶܹɨôɾ
ҡҡͷҲ̫ҲǵһӦԼĴɨİɣΪûа˸ǡ
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תһȦƃھϴ·⣬ǵȥ濴һֻǨǣȥСϪΪУһ㶼ǽˮԴĵطҪˮ
СϪԣֻƃϪϴ·һϴһ죬ͦģ˶֪
ȵȣǲζôֵذ
ػͻȻָΣֻǱһĲһЩųͷڸأһΡ
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ƃһתⲻǴԼôٺٵû⡣ɻһڣһҵȶûϹΣ֪ν̰
յģһƶսθٵģֻҪĲȥˡ


1310 δǹ
ʵƃ֮Խ͵ѧԺҲϣӱҪΪǡֻǽŵʱͷǳĲˣԺվкܴˣһžͿӵͷ̳ȫ֪ټ϶Ը䣬ǰǻˣԵ÷ǳ顢ģԵ÷ǳǵĵһӡ͸ܾöһľ
ǵȵѵ֮ǻǻع˳ģԼѡûд
֮ԲȡбѵӪѵʽȣû̫ʱûйթϷΣֱȻʼҾӸһȼոʼҾ컹ǱȽϴĿռ䣬ûѵʼҾôԷֻ˵ʣ©Ҳã³ҲգνΪ˹徫񣬻ʼҾԼǳעԼоֹѧԺѧԱǴͷŵĸ졣
ǱĬǺѵģ˺ղȡָѹʽǿϰߣһҪƃǻ֮ǰǻˣܵʹöˣȻ͸棬ΪһĶǺҲ̫һζĸѹ˻ģȾͰУЩвҪˣø죬˴İ֪֪ףѧԱԣһǳõ
⣬֯Ϸ֪˶£򵥵һϷ÷ǳ棬Լǵ˼֮ġ
ȻûֱӲ룬ƶọ̃ǾԻġȫǳԵ˽⣬ԤƵᷢѧԱĸʱεֿǳĸʱλ÷ǳǳ飬յĶԿʩǿʱҰȥѵ־ᵽһȵʱȥǽǳ롣
ЩСﶼǳţ»Ϻ꣬Ƕ֡
ǵĹʽѵҲӽβʽѵݣΪĿγ̴»ȵѧԺ֮󣬲ǾѧԺչԼʱ
ȻʱûдģĿǰΪҪĻѧԺƹ
˴ӾѧԺ֮󣬺ͣĸȥ˱֮ԽѧԺǢԼȨȣģﶼûйϵ¹غҲӦɱ档
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飬ǹ̻ʵĹϵҪǳٵĻټϷ¥ҲУʿһźյĺãǾˣտɲ
֣кܿ׹Цŵͷ


1311 
ʵڻʼѧԺĽĺնԣȫûκѶȣÿ˵Ǿ֮ͣȴǷǳشģƵĳ֣ҪΪϸƣǱ׶˾ԳΪ޵ģҼ沢ҲǱȻƣǺȥֹģ빤ҵȥϸƣάָãҽ͢ȻͻӹҵǱȻġ
Ψг͢Ӻ֧֣ҵŻᷢչ
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Цϡ棬ҡ
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Ȼδ¶ĳ˶棬ԺյĿ佱ֻǵòθɣ
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˶úֺЦҲ֪ڰοְֻο˺Ѳ򴽵ȻˣΪβϣû

յǻ̸̸νǮ͵ɣʵЩѶȵġ


1312 Щ
ʵֻҪ˶治زپҵ˵ǧᣬһᣬҲԥƬ̵ģƾ˶浱һٶǮҲǻر˵ġ
ˣûл˶һٱ㷹̸֮󣬺շǳʶȤ뿪ˡ
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ջعͷ棬ƺԵЩȡ
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1313 ǵ
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1314 赶ɱ
ѵҪչȫ淴ˣ
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⵹ǺƣΪǱжƵĴ㣬תƹģɽǱƫǺպò׵õ¤ŵ֧֣ϣһи׳нܹɹǿתƵģǾģǲϣתƵġ
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1316 ִ
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ձȥȥԪѵôⶼǻӣҪȥ޼ɵġְ޼ǷǳСĽģһ㶼ǰһͰ㹻Ѳӣȷ˸ٺˡ
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޼һʵ˵»뱣帮
һҪǶ׿ӱ޵ĸȥֻ»ᱻȥŵʤлȥɼҲµ¿ܻᷴڡ


1317 С
޼ɵ˵ͷɫǳƽȻҲԤ֮УΪʵ۵ĽֻҪ治֮ǻʵ۶뻹ǻؿǵģʵڴο
ճĿǰԣʲô˵ȻЩƫ帮ǱҲð֮踣ȥ帮ǶǺǵģֻҪ帮ò֤ΪԼѣǱʹҪҲǲܹģֻܿ˫Ĳˡ
˵Ƿ⽨ʱҲǻʵ˵㣬Ȿ൱ĶֵĶǻʵֻܴƽ⣬ȫƫһߣĻƱҲ󳼵Ĳ
޼üͷ΢壬˼ʲô
յ̫ξĪ֣
޼һۣΪأ
師ôϣѾˣǷסأ
ܹ˲帮ǶұۣұǲٳˣΪ帮λͨ¼ﶼϵ
ҡҡͷһΪ̫ξֵĻǷ帮һ֮֮ԸеΪѣΪ׺帮ǱģǻʺǱҲ˵ʲô̫ξֵĻ˰ʾǴͬˣǶƴı帮
޼ɵͷ˵òϷȷ档ðɣǾɽۻԸĪҪϷʧǡ
յǴ˰ֳһؼԵ
ʹ죡޼ɵ
벻Ϣôͨյ˵ͷ
޼ɵϷϤĺܣηȨƵģϷټˣǴȴκһһֱ԰ʵ̫ܵʥϵʶȴֹڸУûвܣΪִ̫ˡƼʹ죬ȷһ֮塣
ʵ̫ξ֮ʹ帮Ķ֣
޼΢΢ЦȻ˹ֱҲĻһֱʡ
յͷ⵹Ҳǡ
볤޼̸֮󣬺µôȥѵȥÿһأۿҪһЩҶӵΪΪѰնҪɻһȺеõۡ
ÿһԪաСҰʱȺкᷳĻᱬһ󾪺ȻѾ˺ܶˣÿһԪաСҰƮڿУأԸоǳպ档
ԪաСҰͬҲǺᷳһδηУǰǵͿջжȤοͿշУǼѰȻô̿ϰֻΪܹڸߵĵطС
⣬ÿһصЩӵܶΧʰ˵ģʵҲԣǲңϣܹǱ֤һ
տɲôʵֻҪһ⻬ܹ̾𾪳ûôһһֱǿ⼼δ죬ҷɣССµΰ

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Ԫ껹վǰϾһҲʶĸҾ룬ͻȻ򿪣ּʹ촩˯ۣŽվڣһԼǲߴطˣⲻһԱ
ʹ̽Դҿ˿
ԪŵһҲ֣컹δſʹһ־ͽȥˡ
ټ࣬Ϊ˱һ
ʹ潹ǵĿԪꡣ


1318 бȽϲо
Ԫ걻ʹһһէŪͷתͷԣ㶵Ŀʹ졣
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ʹֳһ̾˿Ҳ¸㣬Ҵӹгʱ˶飬
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ƥҪϾɱԪ겻һ䡣
ʹǿɥټ࣬˵ҾһССУеӸ˽ʮҶҰǱԷԸġ
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˵գתȥˡ
ʹ쿴뿪ЦһһѰ԰գűˡ
ŸһϣӱЬææ˹ǳʲôأôЬ죬ЬϣģҪ˷纮ǿɾͲˡ˵ţʹ촩Ь
ʹЦһҪ˷纮Ҳˡ

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֪ԸҲֻ챣ķ

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գգۣҡͷû˵ԸŰˣҵĽ顣
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ΪӳѽЩ£ЩʲôҪҲͲܵôָˡ˵½㲻ź
գգۣҡһȥˡûȥˡ


1319 ΣҲת
κ˸
ϳμʺ󣡡
εոսеһ
ͷʺáҲɫ죬Ц˵˼䣬Ȼҽ뿪ˡ
һߣ㵭нΪ帮İɣ
ڨڨʺϳΪ帮ȻЩ񣬵ҲǴﲻ
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ɫأƽȻˣΪԼ
룬Ҷݣ帮Ļ㰡
䲻󣬵Ҳ̫һ㡣ü˵
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Ҳ֪ûйϵͻȻʵ֪˭й¶˷𣿡
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ⲻǹ˭⡣
ۣ帮ô˵ҲñµأҲ˵ˣ²ҲһС¶ѣôһ֪ˣҲֻڶ棬еͱȥѵͲǻôҿ²ô򵥡
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ΪʲôԼż٣ǱԼ£Ҳ侮ʯҲæġ


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ЩһϽҪٲɾͳͬıˡ

ʱͻȻ㤵Ĵһ浹ȥ鴤
ʹɫһٿȻһӦɱڣæ죡ȥ⻰ճڣȻһ΢΢ƳһԵﰵһ⣬ǵļơҲ¶ɫ˻ȥ


1320 ȫ沩
£С˼飬ΪܾȣЩ־塣
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ʹ̾˿ףֻϧʱΪ¶ʴ˲ǵĵ
ֵүʵʱͼȻү󰸣ֺ˵һͨҿѾͨˡ˵ţСү֪˰漰ȴӷүְҲɸү֮ƺҪƫ̻顣
ʹͷҲѲ
ӵȻ˵ĻƾϺʹҲԽ嶨ˣҪĹʣүֱӽʳȥ¿ģүĹ٣˭ҲҲǾȡһð
ʹ˵õҲǲУɱҲˣҲзʱΪ˳ӵģп¹ʧְ֪è壬ȴݲݽ᰸Ϊ˳
Ǽ͵ѾǱΪ飬ҸүĹٴ󣬾ƾүһˣʤǡ


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帮Ԫˣæǰʵ
ˣʹ컹ֻ࣬ĵԪһǵ
帮һ˻
Ԫǰãʹ˴壬˵ʹƺûдҪˮ뽫嶨
帮գգۣǱ
ϣˣԪûйѾˡСȥʹʱƺʾŹ㣬ǲȥ߱壬ӣֻҪʹ;Ὣġ
û뵽ʹ쾹ȻУһıűСѽڴܹȥǾƲὫġû׼Һǻк֣װ̫һ١
帮Ȼ򣬲ʹ컹ǽƻ͸
һʼΪ˰Ĺؼ帮岻һСѣû˭ģҪǿܷ帮ˮôǵȻΪʹ뾡취ʹ幩帮Ǿͱȸʹţӣ취»⡣
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֪ʹǰ֪̽帮϶ˣҲ̽岻帮ĸôòҲ֪϶帮ʩѹųϵģֱҪֲɵֵô￸𣬻ˣôȻǻὫ帮
ԪˣôȥС±忹˶õģǻ취
帮Ѿʺˡ
Ԫʺ˵
帮ʺ취ӣ취ģȥߴǱߣñװɵҲҼװȥ

Ȼսڴ£ڳУΪʹֻǵӵ򣬻ÿĲġ
ǵڡ
£ݳ֪ʹ󷸸ʱǺɫʱȴѵ⣬Ҫ̣ŵ÷˱嵱ʹȥ־壬ΪʹѶҾǳ顣
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˵ţε£±ʹ˰ĸԴڣ˰ڴʵΪףĻ̲ȥ󡣡
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1321 ȫʩѹ
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1322 
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Ҳ֪Ϻڴʲộ֪һճٵģΪ̬Ź޼ɣ޼ҲȽˣȻԴУĵһ̣òѡվ


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帮ҲһЩˣѾְͣȨٹʴ£ܹȵ
Ԫֻȥڰæˣֻܹ˵ʺһء



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үվˣҪǱ廹ǲйǸô찡

ʹ̾˿Ψһ帮ϵˣйƾ帮ֻҲΪҲ帮ûʲôҴڴҲڿҿңǴ֮ˣһض帮˸ųȥģȥΪ帮帮Ҫࡣ
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ĸʱ֣ʹأշת࣬޷ߣնڴ˰ԣǷǳؼһա
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1324 ϷԵѣ
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ҲǷŭˣôŪֱ޷ѽⶼУʹֻ˵һҪ̣Ǿϱʹ̷ãǱװɵ㶣ⲻһ˼ʮ꣬ͻûмҵ󰸡⣬ǲɱΪ顣
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޼ȴǺǺһЦʵûгֱⰸҲ뵽Ϊֹˡ


1325 Ը
뵽Ϊֹ
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޼ɵɱڣڻ֤ݣǻ㶼ֱܹ˵ɱڣ⻹ܽɱҪֲȥֻ»Ὣ˾С
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޼ɵͷҪıɱһڱѶĹԱһ˿ģȴïѲ˸ϵïڹϵУôͻǣԣҪ׷ȥͺпҪСȵһسȫǿɴС˵»ȥô
յҲ˵֪ôأ
޼ҡҡͷ֪֪ǲ֪֪¶ȥðգΪһةûҪӱ뵽ֹ
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1326 ԩ겻ɢ
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˵꣬¬ʦԱ㿪ųȥˡ


1327 ǳֶ
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1329 ²Ų
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1330 ը
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Ŷͷúһŵ۲٣Цò
ԪܵøҿЦ˵ţֵԪܵ棬˵жѾһ֧ǧ˵ľˡ
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1331 żƻ
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ǻٸϵԪұѾˣϵıǳһ£ǶЩ֪롣
Ͻƻѵһ㣬ǷūΪҶãֻĻǾ̫̫ˣԪҲԸ򵥵һȥԪܹжˣԼ̶ӣѾǳףҪ˵ս棬ǾͲࡣ
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Ԫϲǲΰ룬һ޳ôġ̫ˣҲ֪ô졣Ԫȥк
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ԪЦŵͷ˺ֽܶ࣬Ԫܵŵݸա
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ԭԪܡԪֻǹȥǢūˣΪϱѾȱˣֻһڡ
ڽǢĹУΪһС£뵱˳ͻԪҴ򣬱Ͼ˼ҵĵԣҲ޿ˣֻӲͷϣ֪ЩһսȫͲһεġ
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ԪܡԪҲûд̣һʼֻΪһͻûһ˼׼ȻӮ˾ͼȥõﶼˣŴţȻԼ¾оǧ²򣬶ռ˺ܶĵط
ǶֻˣǹˣǴ´࣬ȥǧˣ֪˸ϽдŻȡ
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ԪܡԪ쳺ίȫִмļƻǽͳˡ
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ߵȻȡ
յͷ˼Ƭ̣ͻȻǲǿģʽӪأ
ģʽ

յԪҲвأ˵ԪһȨ𣿵ȻܵģֻһأһؾǴһѡϵ˲ūǾӡ
Ԫĵü˼ǣ˵˼άȥӪأȫֻһ
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ԪܵⲻһСأҲǼˣֻаˣγһȨϸĻֻ»ѹסص
ԪֵҪϵȱˣ˶͵ϵȻƫԶϾҴƵĹϽЩϵҲ˲ʲôɼԪǵѹһܰϽƻ
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޳ɴ󲮵Ľ顣յΪһؾͷѪôһأûеķϡǷģҵϽƻУǱߵһֻǱԤеǰ࣬ҶԴļƻһƻдһϸ³̣Ԫν赱ء
󲮶ļƻǺĵġԪЦŵͷΪյļƻѾһʵ֣ǵеǰ㺣¥ֵɻҪҪԪǼȥˡ
ճƬ̣ȻЩ˵ĲһôҪȥӮϣȻܴ󣬵ԪܡԪǶûйôһƬصľ飬һΪܴ򣬵ҲʵһսŲԼһȽѾռãһһš
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ֻǾ룬ˣȨԤ⻹úաԪĵԪ˾
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ø֮ɾͱԪˡԪ˷ܵԭҪȡأأң´㣬ԪȴѴ֮ռһôأԪǿԼȥġ
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ԪЦø֮
Ԫĵ΢΢˺һۣǲ֪ʲôƻ
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ԪܼѣϽīֽ׼á
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1332 ֳ
ʵνĳżƻĩĿŹ˾
ݾʱȥֳ񣬵ȻֻҪֳйأԶǵһȵȡÿȨԪѾˡؼڶμҵ˼룬ǿ϶ǽ˵ĻĿɾܵ߯Ҳˡ
ȻǼţȻҵֶȥӪƶͳһ˾е˶ԱѹȵҲãԸģⲢҪ
⵱Ȼǰѹȣǻô˵ﻹһ׾ϴԷǸǴõȽΪЧʵ뽫Լ˵øҮյģֵģǿ
ǰһΪǶڼŵ⣬伯ţһֻһŵĻǸǺܶҵֳҵҵֲҵȵȡ
ȻĿǰԣֻǺյļƻѣϵȴǷǳģΪ֤еͨãؼǿֲģκһضһס
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Ϊڼ䣬Ƿ޶ˣм棬ڻ԰һʱŻȥϢ
ڶ磬ԪķıɵվںյСԺǰȴȦǰҹоһݳżƻ
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շ˷ۣżƻ콥ĿǰҪѵµãίɸĹӢǰȥЩ죬ƾԪһٶˣƻǱøϽ֣һҪӢҲʶ֡
Ԫܵͷøģһ̰ŵġ
ԪĵȴҪżƻԪҵֻҲǲܹġ
յĵ˵úܶԣǸϽҪһЩ˲ţǰֻҪ֫ȫˣҪ
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ҡҡͷѧԺĻڳżƻǱҪѵҪѵȫԪҵ˲ǳҪһдһƻǱҪִˡ⣬ԪܽһЩ²͵ȥֲϵ㡣
˵ͻȻһЦүҲվһߵġ


1333 棬
ȻԪܡԪЩЩͻȻⶼڼƻеģúղ֪롣
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ԪҶԣȫǶںնԣһ֧߶ѣܽȫľͶĻڴƣƻⶨãԪĵһڶգͻسȥˡ
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Ǯ̵ɣǮԸ֧㣬һ齨ᡣ
Ҳ׷ױֺ̬֧յһ顣
֣Уֻ֣ǳ֮ɫ


1334 ͢ǽǣڲ
Ȼ飬õ˵һӵǲδϸ̸ֻǾһȥӲһȦȻپۡ
С磬棬ҶóϷˡ
Щߺ֣ҡͷֱ̾Ҫ֪Щ˸Ǿ棬ȻĻҲûʸ͵µĴ󻷾ԣǷʣѾǷǳˣǽԱסֱ޷󰡣
Ǻ赭д仰ǸԸǮó
Ц֣֮⣬Ըķ䡣
䣡䣡
֣ͷȻĿ˸˼£С֮ԣ¬
ڻδʱ˽Сո磬¬
֣жʱ𾪲ѡ
ֻһЦȻֻ¬һ𣿡

һˣʷ̨巽ʷ
Ͷˣ
Цǽ
ǣ
巽
֣Ŀźա
ȴǸһЦδ͡
һ¬ʦ巽˽
¬֣ʷ
֣мæһ
¬ʦЦҲڰ
֣еͷɼ¬ʦɫеǷĲ٣ͬʱҲǳ棬˵¬ʦԴʱӦ÷ǳ߲ǣôתۼҺˣ֪ؼ巽
巽չֵ¹ðţ֮ɼ¡Ⱥմ˶ʮ꣬ûа취񿴵ǹٽף䡣
ʲôŲŵģ⣬ûšպǺһЦλ

˽ϣЦʷҿǵˣ
ûհ巽ڨڨһЦʵ¹ٽҲΪ¶պ˵һ¹޶ָۣܹһ
Цðһ䣬ʷأ
巽һ㶣ԣٹ꣬Ҫ֪֮ꡣ
յͷǲ֪ʷΪԼ;ϻΪ𣿡
ʲô˼ĪָʹˣԶ㣬ҲǾҵҵ巽̵ʥԵ£Ϊ¹ٲԣҪ˵ΪǣΪĳҲġ
˵úã
һЦʵǲ֪Ǵأ
巽˼Ƭ̣ӦǺߡ
պǺǵ
巽һ㶣ѽֻҲǲܹġҲΪ¶ġ
¬ʦԿɲϲչĨǣؼǹղӮС磬Ͱʷɡ
¬ʦԵ㲻ҷˡ
¬ʦ£ЦƳǿҲΪҺãסһҵˣ֪Ǻ£Ҳ޷ıκʵҪľֲֲ巽˺ʴգҲ
֣׹ˣ룬գҲ컯Ҳˣκη棬ն֧£ǷǶԴϿ
巽ʷҵļһ仰ڳɼʵǼ£Ƕ˵˵ܹ쵽ġ֪ĸδСֵ˳Ȩô
һ仰巽˼ǲΪԼģҲһؼҪģأĸΪҲ֪帮֮󣬿϶˵ģһӲȴҲòͷ˵ǣͻָܹһ
յ˵䲻õĻʷҲСˣټϵĿǰľƣ٣ֻǷʤʵΪǣΪ취к֣ܶͺñ֣ӡ¬ӣʵڳеģΪ£ȴʤԱ㡣ˡð˵һ䣬Ӧø࿼Լļͥñȵ޶ñȵĸףǹҸǽǵҸȫϵ;档
巽üɵ˼ĪҴǹ٣
յǹܹ𣿡
巽üˡ¹޶ۣ֪ɴ˻
յѧԺԺ
һ˶ɵˡ
ѡѧԺ

յȣһְҵ˵Ǽ£ҲΣͲ٣㹻һˡѧԺǻʺ󽨰죬׻˵úãⲻɮ濴棬ʷѧԺɵòӦÿԱܿЩ׷ţһТӡ
֣С¬ʦԾǵͷΪǶȨûȤǾⲻ
巽ôһʥˣһΪ;ŬϣһΪһչаԼ־Щ޷ܡ
Ҳٶ˵ʵѾķǳϸˣôˣһʷؼκûˣȥǷǳѵģֵ帮Сˣ帮϶ᱨģ̸أҲýŪνĸôˣø㳤;棬嶼ܲˣ㻹޶ڣһܵأ
巽ȻֱɵȨ֮󣬵ѧԺ𣿡
ЦֻҪӦû⣬ʣ¾ͽˡ
巽üΣȻҾͰкˡ
պǺǵʷˣ˵ҲǷ¬ӵġ
¬ʦҲ¬ĳ˿ܲ𡣡
ʵ⻹巽¬ʦûжĹϵΪʱ֪°¬ʦԣôôȴ¬ʦԷǳѿΪӣʧˣֱˡģҪȻĻ߸˺µԼ
巽ĿģѧԺȷʵȱһԺѧԺԽԽ࣬Ĺ˲ҪһȥѧԺ巽ҲǱȽ˽⣬Ϊʷ̨ϸоʷ̨ÿһʷ巽Ż磬ҵϼѣ˾ӦȥʦܹѧԺעһֺ޷ľΪձҲаģȥ̳ˣа취ȥСĻֻ»ӵܣҲϰ
ҺΪµĴ˶ȥ٣ҵ϶չϣܹƽ⡣
巽̸֮󣬺վ̸ȥ˻ʹкܶҪʵۺúģҲΪʵҪЩܵ£Ҫ֪ЩҲǷǳģ˼ΰ帮ƨɡ
ǵȵʹʱֻڡ帮ڵڣ⵹Щ죬û治ʱѽ
βôΪ
գã
ۺգ͸һ˿ϲãָһԵ帮ڵ飬УΪ巽ΪʷŷȨڳ֮ϣȻ賯سͷΪΣ
Ȼж帮޹ģô巽ܸ棬Ǿģ棬巽ְ巽سȻøͷ
һ㶣帮ѽ⶯Ҫ󳼣帮ߣСﰡҲ̫ˡ
ڡ帮͵͵ա
һΪõˣΪ͢󳼣鵯ɲܺ˵˵֮⳯м̰Ҳ麴ԼǾԵ֧֡
帮ڰõлɵ֧֡
ֵ֪´γͷ巽أ
Щʧе˼ǽ巽ȥ˾ξ
ҲδȱĹԱһ㶼ȥǱߣһľֱȥһ
ü
εôѵΪף
յ£Ϊ̫˵㣬Ҳְ


1335 ͣ
帮ڸо粻̫Ծôս컹˵ˣʵǶںյǺղ˵ˣҾˮˮѾܹǷǳˡ
ζԣǷǳìܵģȻѾѡͦ帮ǵȻҪάҪ󳼵ȨҲ巽ݣǱΤ˼ǫˣһڣ±ֹͣ巽ߣҲһѡ񣬿Ҳô£巽ֱֵģ־̫һ㣬ʴŻѯʺգϣܹһ£֪վȻҪ巽ְĬȥˣʵ˼Ǹְ죿
£Ҳô˵
յֻôѡķʽ졣
ʽ
㶣⻹û˵
ڨڨ˼ǣѧԺǱȱʦʷò˵ʶ֣ǺβȥѧԺʦĻȸͷָĹµĻᣬȻҪĻǱֳµΪ
ʦ
΢΢һ߯ˡ
帮Ū˰׹ղҪǣڰ巽ŵѧԺǾͳΪʺˣǲɮҲÿ档
ںߵ巽ƷУܹΪʦ
ҪҪհһ䣬ȴУ֪ܸģĪɣ͵Ǹ˼һλᣬֺαظϾɱˡûʼѧԺѾڽˣʦʵҡ
帮ĴŭգæЦ֮ͷǲǹһ㣬ֻ»ʷ̨Ĳ
⻰Ҳûд˭ŹٲȥʦȽְȻҪһЩ
֮
΢һɴɣȥ巽˵Ҫܹǹ٣Ǿʲôⶼûˡ
һ֪Сӿ϶Ѿ巽ܻͨΪģ룬ٺòˡǺǺǵðɣܹ˵巽ȥѧԺ޾׼ˡ
л£
չֵ
ڡ帮һۣҲǿ󣬾帮£ŵļˣﶼװס
̸£ζʱɲ٣ʵˣΪ£
յ£΢˷빬Ϊ˲оһ¡ⶼֳʱСϣδЩϸ̸ڳһЩ⡣
˻һ帮ڱ죬ΪʲôıȽϼΪǣ滹лʺӣҪ⣬ǿ϶ԴҪôڣھͱֺ֧ա
κʲô⣿
յȣ˲ож㣬Ըȥͼҵ·;Ҳ̾ЩǲɵġΣֻ̣ܶûѧʲôգټϵĲȱҲֻȥһЩ֮£̸ûпٶһЩˣԼ£Щ˶뻹ˣʴǲܳȥ
ԵͷҲûʲô飬ΪδܹȥֿյޣѾ뵽ɣ
㣡
һƨֵ΢Ľ飬ԺһЩѵ࣬רЩ˲оѵȥܹ¡ѾЩԼˣ˵ֻҪ͢ԸѵЩˣǶԸΪЩ˽ᡣ
һģ˻棿
յ΢ʵ¡
ڡ帮һۣǵҪԣͦƵģĵʲôʱôˡ
֪ʮֽƻ涨ǲʲôʵǲ֪ѵأ
յʵܼ򵥣ǴӹһЩֹһЩս̸Щ˾ˣҲ˶ǮģѡһϾɵУڳһطˡ
룬Щ˻ڰôľֱӸˣôһ򵥵ѵҪǶĵĻԵҲ̫Сˣǵͷðɣ˵ȥɡ
л¶׼
չһ˿
ʵںնԣǴѽȣͿԽŽĿŵĽĳƻΣһֱǳӽѧԺǷǳͳĽʱȱȽϳĿĻҵҪѵֻѵ˲ʿվͿѵˡ󣬵ȻԺԽ˽һðյ֧֡
¹󣬺աڡ帮һͬˡ
ǵ帮Ц飬ǴΣ
帮Ц뽲
յʵܼ򵥣˰ᣬҪôְֱնݳѧԺˣ԰ʺһŶ
帮Ц˵Цˡ
շǳû˵Ц뿴˱ڹٳпܻģְֱǶôʡİ
帮͢г͢Ĺƶȣĳ˵ˣɿĪҪٿЦˡ
Ŷ㲻˵һˡշһ䣬ֵУȸˡ
ճùУ̸ȥԺ
ԺɲǰյģɼһЩѧϣˣҲеһȻͽæȥˣ·Ѿ߻ħһ㡣
ˣ
λڣٺҲûˣ
ѧѧԺ磬Ϊ˱ŴҹһͬȥԺĺá
縧ǲǷǷ̾
ʵ̫ʷǲңһƥˣɵذ
һ㶣漴Ц
ɣ̫ʷɲ㣬ǹЩ½ľƷԺʿ
պ˻
һۣ漴˵ǻһЩǣϾЩĸǲμӿƾ٣ȻҲƽƣƶ鼮ǵǻסû뵽ǻ˵ԣÿնҪʱ֣ȥ̫ʷʱһۡ
ԭǰһЦʵϷһһͶȥǱضǲƺӲġ
֮ͷΪΪԺµĻŶӣ¡𱰣ǲദôǢڳǲܵġ
ͶͶ룬ؼûûлиƨáЦЦԴ˵ǲ̸ֲżʵҽˣ̸һµġ
ʲô£
յѵһ¸ǡ
ԣͷʾǺ£ǵȻ֧֡
ȴЦô򵥵ĻҷرҶλ𣿡
֪ɵ˼
յĿǰԣҲֻһ£Աµģı׶˾޷ȥҪȥͱҪлȡܳȥȻѾ׼ˣôǾͱҪƾ֤ѵÿһǷǳģǲвмô˵
ô
˽һ
յ˵ȻҪĹڳǮǰѵȻһԶֻҪǱһʼⶨһѵϵͳĻѵ԰͢һܹΪԺȡǳ󡣡
ýһãȻֻ˵һˣ֮¶
ͬʱҲǳ⣬ֻܹ󣬲ܳȥ


1336 Ʋȥ
ʵ£ͨͨ
ĿֻһǼҵķչҪչҵǾͱҪ㹻ĹϧֶмҴҴûдǺΪһЩͼûбҪŪҴˣӦ໥ںϣˮָ߼ӦòȡܣΪǿԴӶó׬ȡ
硢Ȼûʲô˵ʵ۶ˣô
ָ۴ӹЩĹѵЩ˲оҪӭϵҵ˵ΪƷԽ࣬ҪԽ࣬Һջֱӱ棬ԸԸѵʦĹһΪֻ֪зĳͣŻиվĹԸͶҵ
ºȥѧԺǱ߳򣬿ĽչΡ
ѧԺʱ˶ðһͷ亹ֻЩƷԺʿڲһոµгѾѧβгˣͯһ㣬ò˵ʽĲֻһ档
ԺԺ
ЩƷԺʿˣæǰеһ
ЦŵͷȻǲҵΪһңҪԣгƺ˲١˵ȻλͲľͷʲô
ٺ٣
һɾƷԺʿ׷ɵЦ
Ц˵ô
ǡ
ͲŵһЩЬס
Ьף
ţһЩ
Ǳװðһ֣ǲ
ЩƷԺʿֺǺǵЦ
յͲĻƿ˶ãü¡
š
һƷԺʿԺʵⶼС⣬ļҲǷǳˣҪǺΣѾԹֲܶˣɶǲС
ԶԶԣ
յͷҲ㽫¶ˣ⣬ѾһЩ뷨ҸλԺһ¡
綼ǳϲĿźա
⣬ɾȫ⡣
ɣ˰취
յͷһؼҽһЩȡϸ˵˵
ô鷳Ǹһ˾ˡ
ҲСյͷʵǲأ
Ҳгһ
ͻȻǲĻɱߵģͨҲòϡ
Цⲻ⣬ͨղŶأûвҲܹӦԣõģһЩǻںһǮ𡣡
ͷ⵹Ҳǡ
ֵǲܾʹ㣬ԺҪ֤Լܹõͬ͢õµͬ͢ŻӦǮз
εõͬ͢أ

յɶǳзʽֻҪɹˣ͢ŻᲦǮǣĽݾ
һֱǹ¡
ﲻ֪ڰʾԼ黹ڣҵ񣬺ôЦҪзԺרעзΪ߷ֿķչ
Цŵͷ֮ǲ⡣
ЩƷԺʿԺɡŵģҪǵ˼룬кõ뷨Ŭȥʵ֡
ǣ¹ˡ
ܺã
ͻȻһ£ˣأ
Ӧ˯ɣ

ǲ´ˣݲû˯СԺ棬ſʯϣһŷ糵С

ݴ£̾һ죬Ҫķ磬ܴö
䣬úЦֻµҪ硣

ŵһתͷһֻաЦվ󣬼ԸվǳǿһҪ˵ᣬվ
ȫȻ⣬ǰСݡ
۵СøƨƵãͷ
պǺǵ㻹ִڲýŲȵС
ݴͷ
յȻ֪ҪȥܣĿǰļǿ϶еģ΢һֽС£ݣ˵ȥѧԺǱߡ
ͷҲûʲôô
ҲհһΪʦµ˶հҵûҲЧ¡
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ȻУ
չϾܾɣÿոԺˮ
ݿɥҲˮ
ǿЦãˮᣬϻôݵȻˮֻԸȥˮǸӺ棬Ϊʲôջᰲȥˮ̫ˡ
ȴǲô׾ӵĽڣЦѧһᰲһְġ
С̵ͷ
Ѿ⵱ٵ·ֻҪ֣ʲô¶ָɣȻûҲֵģΪ¶ԣ̫ˡ
Ǿôľˡ΢΢һЦֵˣסտʼһˮ
Ŷ
㶣ֱա˶߳СԺˣŷӦһֻԼüġߡȻ˯ȥˣĵñȽ϶ࡣ
СԺɣΪȥˮ
ֱ˷ݵ츳ѽɱ°
Цһܣ㿴ʲôᣬȥУˮȻ󷹣һɡ
ô͵Ҳеֻͨ˾Щֵֹġ
˵䣬һ˴ԾռæסˣȥС
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СԺΪŮͣһڻʼͼǱ¡
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㶣㲻СȥˮˣҲǻܣ
Ƕ˱ϾǾãҲûаԣЦŵͷȻ뿪ˡ
մСһ棬ֹ˵˺һӣסû
Сͷū澼סˡ
Цŵͷסһɹ˱վһΰŮˡ

С㵵źա
ֻЦЦȥ°ɣ
ǣ
ͼǱȥòһˣܵȥͼǱ߿ɡ
ͼʮһգˣһ飬ǼΪ鼮̫ˣһ˻濴ѵ鼮ܶȴǳİǵĵû˲
ȻռһϤӰֱ˹ȥһ˵ļ
һǺգȴոȥСʵڿʲôأ
쳤ѾԺΪԺҽѧԺܡ
Ŷ¬дһЩҽ顣쳤æ
ЦŵͷԺҪ־񡣶ˣﻹϰô
쳤ٺٵͦϰߵġٵȻȵҪ࣬±ץˡ˶٣ֵЩʱ򣬲֪øһЩɶ
΢һãҪ㡣
ʲô񣿡쳤Щ
յҪоһЩõҩ˵ġ
쳤գգۣЩɡС˲óо˵ҩɲоС˶Դ˵Щ뷨ֻǰŪֻоһЩ˵ҩ˵ҩ治̫ó
ǽɽ׸ģưһЦҲ֪Ϊʲôһеġ
쳤δôع޲Ϊͷ­ѪɣģСһʧġ
һ㣬ҴδĹ
лл
쳤Ѿӯ
Ը֮󣬺ձȥñ
ֱӽ뵽ԼԷ棬ȻҳԼдһЩϣϣҶұһЩ뷨
û뵽ɾȻұ
Цֻۣǻҵѧ
ȴȲϿһ߿һü˼š
ʵһϣǱַǺҲֻ֪ԭֻǾͨؽұһ̣ȻأֵĻûôȥоҲֻдŷ¯ļƣڵµļ£ȥŪͻ÷ӹǵǻۡ
֮󣬵ɣˡ޶ۣδһұкξ֮
գù
ûнԭдȥؼҲѧȻôʲôôҲûдֻͣǵҷԣⶼǻһЩʽ棬⹫ʽ´ģԲԣҲܿ϶Ҫʵ֤ɹˣٸλһ¡
ЩʧⶼΪں̫ţúŪһܳɣȴû뵽ֻһʵ顣
λɹˣôӦԺ෢Щ޶ĲƸԺԣǷǳҪһоϣܹԴ˾ԵıܣڶԳ͢ܣʴʵңһ˽˾ǮԺ졣
΢΢һ㶣Գ͢ܣ
յֻʱģտ϶ǻύ͢ģֻоѣñ֪һʧˣ߻δʱ򣬳͢ȥãʲôӣԺӰɴС
ͷֻ֮ҪԱܣҪۡ
յһһױܷһ׷ӦõԺ֮С


1337 ȱô
ʵÿ죬ն÷ǳæµ굱ȻҲ⡣
ǰһеӣ帮ĸս״̬ʮ̸ףһϾɵУԺ£Ϊѵº̸ܺϾǰ
⻹ǴҪģҪƻ
Щ˲оѵһסǰǽе⣬̫Ҹˣܶ˶ᣬߺʶƵ
ЩеûģմӲռΪУʵƣǻʵ۵˼Ҫл͸лʵۡһҪȡ
Ȼֶ̼ΪԼÿԱᣬЩ˲о
ƻڳĹ˶ԣǼֱĺϢǶ˷ڵУйã·סڿЦôһ㡣
ƻǺһ׼ĳƻ
ֻʱҵûгͣҲǳ٣һڣԾ˲١
Ȼܶ˶ȽϱأҲˣΪҪȡˮģʽǾͱҪڼСԺ治ġɲȡˮģʽĻ㲻ùˣͻȥûһأļʷǳͣΪǳ͢滮ģǲ׸ıģҲǷ˺ܶ๦򣬲źƻʵ۵ͷӦһΪƽԡ
˽ʵѡĵطҲ࣬ȣǲƻģ˭Ҫڸ棬͵ΰɡΣҪˮԴͷûˮ󣬲볤̫Ҳ̫Զ˶úȥ滮ȻͶһˣʵ˳Ǳ֮⣬ϡǶдģȺǱΪڱ棬һƬǻʼҵĵء
Ȼ˵ڳƻԣģСһ㣬Ǻֻ֪Ҫ³ɹ϶һҵĸ߳ΪƵģƷṩȫԴ˷ǳģټôõĻᣬȻŹֱ͢򻯽飬ǿ϶ɵֹΪ򻯼ƻǱ˵ֻҪ˵ˣô˭ܹ뵽ƻľǵ棬߽ģʽΪũǨƵˣͻ治ȥˡ
ڱ䷨ϴϲӲӲΪ֪һ䷨ô͢ͻѣܾͨˣųȥˣ䷨νеȥɲ˵׷ģѡػزԣһ㲻۵СȥļƻҽΪ˲оȾռ˵Ƹߵ㣬ֻǽѣ˭ֻô࣬еΪɵϡ
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1341 Ҳ
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˫Ŀһֻо˼飬ǼʼѵӪļٶȣȻȻʼѵӪҪˡ


1342 ҪǿԼ
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1349 Ѿʱ
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һǳϲϧ˲ŵĻʵ̸ۣĽͿɿ̽һҲһǳӽĻʵۣоͰͯͯӿƾǴͯӿƲСѧǺǵĿƾ٣ŶͯģȻԴںƳüΪӣΪǳϲţͯӿƾͼܵӣѡһЩȥƾٿоģеѹɽʿģǰ;ǲġ
⣬ƳȻҲѧУģǹӼ࣬Ϊ׼ģѧǹӵܣҲǲࡣ
ʵҲˣҲǳϲ˲ţǳӽʷмȫӽλʱ򣬼ǽνĽϵͳݻˡֻӿƿӽھͱĩãҲɼƿУռзǳıأΪյĵӵѧԺҲӦһЧӦ
Ķֵͯõ˳ҰµӣҪΪ˶ѧԺȣȫµĽģʽõ˺ܶҳӣҲһֱڹ۲죬ʱʱȥѧԺ˶ͽ¾ͷŻȥĩҲҪӮ
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ͻȻеʷҲΪ𣿡
ЦȻǣɲǳ˵оŻн𣿡
΢΢һЦ˾ǻ󰡣
⻰˵ûдջһתΪһԸûʲôϵ
һ㶣ɴ˻
һЦⳡҿֻһ壬ǾǵһѾʱˡ

öðһ亹СôֱԭǵУһҲϰס
ɣδҲ̫ˡ
òȻŭ
һº͵¬϶ֳŭĵҶ˵ô˵ôɺޡ


1350 
ʿ壡
ǵյվȻ˵Ѿʱˣⲻսѽ̣̰
ʼ磬ЦҲھ°ˣʵʤ۱磬ӵеԴԶѧԺҪ࣬ѧȴǵѧ
һɣŸոտʼƾʲôô˵
Ҳȥգ޿Ҳſڿӣⶼڿˡ
£΢ſڿӣ
յӿԵİž֪ˣѧԺһͿˣʿѧԺÿһ죬ɼһ߰
öˣЦֱں
С֣˶ø޻̸֮
½ѵǡ
ЦЦˡ
εһôֲ˵ˡ
ڨڨ¶˵΢ں΢Ǿں
ޡε˫۵һҲãðҲգôָߵأ
ջǲ
εȻ֪վ޵ķʸҲֺ棬Сֲˣָźյ˵޾۾֮
ۣô󰡣տɥ£΢˳һ˿ð񣬶һҪһܹɣǳȻǸðܹĹ˸
С̫ͻȻɣ⻰ҿɲҹͬͬԾǾͿô˵ѧԺʿѧԺѧÿαһôʱָˣԣԡ˵ֱҡԴ
̵ɷڰŪǷǣ˵˵
ε޴ѧʿ֮˵˵
յ£̫ӵ£ô˵ֻΪ˸Ӱˣʵѧ٣򵥣ʱǿͬԾǾ͵ˡ
¬̲סˣΪ͢س˵ɵýƾѽ
˫һţǸλĻǱȱȡ
֣ŭ㵽ס
ȴ֪ɴαȣ
һЦͻȻ֪¿ɷԸæ
±Ƶôǣ
յȻѧʿѧԺĿαҲǡТԼ㾭ͬʱҲѧԺĿαôɵѧԺԾıߵıȽѡ
Ŀ͵͵Ρ
μҲԾԾԣЦԷǳãҲ˳㿴̫һѧΡ
£ΪⷬԲƽ
¬ͻȻվ
κ¬Ϊﲻƽأ
¬£ѧԺʿѧԺѧݴһ̫ӵѧ֪ʶʿѧԺ޼һйѧʿ̫ʷϤĽ̵ô̫ӵʿѧԺԾȻüһЩ
СһƲ¬Բӡ
¬һ㶡
ʵڹʦʦδ֮ǰҾѾʼѧϰѧԺĿαˣĸרʦѧԺĿα̫ʷҲʱѧԺѧ
Цŵͷ
ҲԲʵѧԺĿαͨ׶ʧȤζȴ̺Ŵȷпȡ֮Ҳ̹һЩС¡
ε¬ɻòƽ𣿡
¬Ȼ˵Ļǳ޻˵
Ǿôˣ
°Ȼ˰ȥʿѧԺѧԺԾ
УôҲвûа⣬һĬС
ܿ죬Ծͳˡ
ķԾ۾г˷ܣʵʣķݣ
ЦԼŰ졣˵ţֳһɴ󳼵λ޳ȥߣһصķ羰̫⡣


ո԰üһȺڻ԰ԡ
һɹǰеһǺأ
̽һ¸
󣬵յɣѧԺҴģҲ֧㣬ѧԺ֪ʶĵطɲ̨ʵǹֺ̫ˣǹֺս˽Ͼһ˵Ļ
յʺȫǳһģ΢ʼΪǸˣǹңӦʱĶӦṋ̃Ϊνӣ͹ֱִӵܡ
ûðɣպ˵̫ˣָźյ뺫ɽ˻˵ףϷݡ
¬Ҳɣ⻰ʵڹһ㡣
֣硢ނǷ׷ѵ⺫ա
˵׾˵ס
ǵָ𣬺ǵݣʿѧԺѧѧȥѧþЩʥ֮ԣ֪֮ҿ˵
ѵʥѧϰҲô
ʿѧԺܷһʥأ
˶Եʥˣǻʲôʥˡ
Ҳǳأ
Ȼ
Ҳͬ
Цŵͷ֮ʿѧԺѧʥ֮ԣȴԶʥˣҾʿѧԺѧԱǿʥˣÿ˶ǿʥˣֻô˵ʥˣֻǴȷѡλֻҪشˣ
ނƺߵ˵ĻҴƺγҵ
յҪ˵Ļ˵꣬ҿһ궼
κȵ˵ʲô
գװƹͷˣæ£ҲǾ£˶ǿʥ˵Ļ˭˭˭̣֮Ҳ̸֮ʢ
㶣е
Цɣⲻɱˣô˶ǿʥˡ
յǽ̵ÿɶʥ֮԰
ѵ𣿡
Цʴʷʲô
΢΢ü֪кθ߼
һ߼
Цŵͷ·ֱɵһ֪СӣΪ壬Ҫѧܹ֮ʳģȻΪǣΪף֪λΪҿ˵
Ƕ׵ͷΪ̫ˣ˼һ󣬾⻰ȷʵҲԣѧѧ£Ϊ˽ܹĸôǷ׷׵ͷ
¬ν£
Цô˵ûһ仰ǻڸѾﵽߵĲΣշ磬һũô˵ǻЦȥǵͳѧУν˲żüãҪ밾ͷʵǷǳѣ˺ܶ˶һӵ飬ʲôТﶼܵԼڣɼûʳҲûиκιףǲ֪ѧã
֣ߵˣҲԼΪʲôܹͷأȴܡ
յ֣ΪһʦȻöÿһѧôܹ˵ֲεĻˡ
֣Ϸѧʱ¶ûгϷľģ˵Ϸ򲻸أ
պǺЦ㾡ľûԼѧʳѵ㲻Ѿǳصĵز𣿡
֣統һ㶡
յʵԭܼ򵥣ϡΪػؽ̵ľô飬һǰ񣬶ѧЩˣǳ;ȥģǳ͢ݵôˣܹ˵ֻٲˣЩĬĬŵˣָúȥδأַʽֻܽԼĶӣĸȻϣӽܹ࣬޿ɺǣʺϰѧԺ
ΪѧԺڵģѧһЩûйϵˣǼȻѧԺͱÿѧ𣬶˵Ӽѧѡγһȥ֮λΪԼĬĬŵѧԼŬ޹أ͢£ô࣬ŬҲû˶ࡣ
ǸѧʵǶԼӵڴҪȥ£ڶҲǼ֮Ҫмµı£ܹʸ̸ڿƿУЩѾʮˣڿΪǳ˵٣Ͳ֪Լܹʲôˡ
ɼǸý塣˵ҪѵһҪÿѧܹʳʵֻҪ˶ʳôȻʢΪ׷Ҳðܹҵ˶࣬ǽС
ΡԼһЩҲԵͷʵе͢ÿôЩˣôأĽѧȡ;ҲȻģֻôһ˵Ҳ޵
ֵֽģʽһǳµĵطЩûп;ѧѵǾûвŻǵģвŻģֻģǳ;Ҳ֪ѧ֪ʶܹʲôôǾпа·
ܶ췴ӣһЩݿçֲʶһкܶ˶ԸȥǡΪʲôΪЩˣһӵ飬ȴ;ŶˣЩ˼ƫˣȻԳ͢ԹԹǵӳ͢һʲô¼ԹǾͻǳµѡ񣬶ǵĲܻ԰աҡɷǳ˺


1351 
Ĭ
ڡ帮ǶʼЩðˣ̫ˣ˭ҲóȻ⻰ҲƣһСѧԣôܳ
ǣջͳˡ
Ҳüͷһ˼ı顣
˵òûдһǷǳȷġ񵱳˰ƾ٣Ҫ˲žУͲȥ췴ˡ
һʵװе˲ţֻװٲ֡ǣʥˣȷὫ췴ΪԼĳ·ϾһЩԸƫһŲˣпܻĲһͻһ·
췴ˣǴֲʶç˺׾ͻȥˣûɶ·ֻҪȡһСɹضܼ򵥣ڶ˶ԣΪ˵٣͢ҵ˹٣Ʒ͢Ҿܹˣֺ
˵ȥͻȻ
΢
һĨ֮ɫ˲ܽ;ϹΪ͢ɲôˣǳ;ȥģҲӦðЩϵѧ·ʿѧԺ⣬ѧֻҪѧãǾܹ𢣬Ϊǣǲܵģ˼Թӣǲڽ
Եͷ⻰ǳͬȫǾ仰Ϊ˿ƾһΪҪĿģ¶棬ֻб׶˵ģܹϵʿӰźó·͸ˡ
ռ˵ȣѧԺĽǿŵģѧԼ츳ȥչѧʥ֮ԣǾȥѧѧѧѧԸ壬ǴӲѧѧʥ֮ԣǾһûϢˣǸǽѧԼѧıԼһϯ֮ءµĶ˶ǳ;ȥģǱضἷѹɺһ̣밡
˵գ¬춼Եͷ
Ǳ;ȥģôҲǽѧβܽ;һȻ¶˽塣
ηǳͬΪǳؽƱؾҪռô˾ԽԽԽ࣬Ϊ;ɳ͢ڶôˣôŶԽԽ࣬ͻԽԽء
ü˵䲻޵֮Уȷ˲żüãҪͷǳѣҲܶʿѧԺ飬ɵѧҲǼޣҾϣܹΪ͢һЩ˲š
͵һ仰ЦѧԺˣ㹻ĽǮʦǿԽѧԺȫȫսܽƾԼѧϣӸΪףҲ˼룬Ȼ˵ĻʿѧԺдڵ𣿡
еɵˡ
Ӵ궼ôģг˶λ࣬λһԾͿĨɱҴ޼̡
ֻΪǰûѧԺЦ
ûа취ôš
һĨĹâﵱȻֺ֧յģҪݿʿĻ¢ϣȻĻʵҪʿ壬ҲΪ㽫ǶϳȥˣǾû£ռԼʿ
βûЦҲú̫ͱˣһտƾӣÿ̫Ϊġ
ʥ
Ⱥ˵
ǲδ˿øӲ
ҲһбôͱˣԵʤȯգǷǳ
벻ô࣬һѹûУǽζͶ룬ȫںⱳĺա
ķԾѽһʱҲ꣬Ҳǳĵĵȴֱʱ֣ȥԷȴϣܹһ꣬ͣûа취ֻܽһȥһҪ̫ӳһ㣬ɲܶˡ
ûйãѧԺǱ߾ţĩѾȫˡ
ѡһЩԾڰʱȻΪǨʿѧԺΪʿѧԺǱߵֻܹ̫꣬һ棬Ҳ뿴ߵѧѧô
ͬʱǱڽķԾȫˡ
ǰ溫죬²ǳжǹغͯһɹҲǳȤǴҲôˣξͽе԰
һͼŵʤ˹Сϴһ˿ƣ
￴ۣ˹ȥС֣е˼䡣
ȴЦֱҡͷǰеһ񣬡ʡ򣬹褡λʦеһ
Цۻ˰ɡ
ҡͷǵһҲۣͦ˷ܵġ
ֵǷԾһЩ
ԥ˵ѧԺԾѶˣȽʿѧԺԾǳ򵥣ֻҪ죬ûκ⣬ֻ˰ʱңˣʱѧԺԾѧԺԾǽ鶼ҲһܹóѧԾҲûаȫˡ
˵ţյɣѧԺѧܹھͿ𣿡
ЦŵͷȽǵҪȻʱǳһ㣬ȴķԾѾǳ˲ˡ
ǫҶʱѧԺԾҲǲࡣ
ǫһ仰ȴ֣ǵǳɫ
һƳҪúȥ֣ǻȥײǽһԾøʿ
ŵʤǰ£ǵԾ
ǿ˿ʿѧԺԾһ򿪾һϤĸо⣬ݾǡТ͡⣬Ĭдѵľ壬ʦὲڼͲὲйʦΪʦʲôסˣһĿʮУûд©ƵƵͷֵݸ褣Ͼ̫֮ʦ̫ӵҵܵøʦĿ
ȻѧԺԾΪڽ֮ǰԾȫյģҲǵһؿһԼˣƪĸĸͿģǶǷǳĿĬдģֻռƪҪ䣬һһС£֪ʶ˵ʲôһ⣬ǿͼ˵ζûҲ֪ν
ٿѧֱðˣȲ˵ѧĻʿѧԺѧ˲֪ٱ
ﶼﲻˣҺܶݣ̫Ҳж϶ֱԾݸ¬죬Լɣ޶˵ˡ
¬һţ֣Ǿ͸ϽΧһ±ƣ·´½һ㣬ԭĿ
ƴ棬ǲ̫Ҳ﷽ĿǾǸȫ⣬ѵľ壬ӲУѧԺԾֱдС£Ͱ֪ʶ㣬֪ʶµĵ
ͨ죬ؼǺǰһ̫ȼ֮ˣ
ԾһԾôѣֻð죬а
ǿգ帮ҲûæѶȷʵһȼ档
ǣ˵֣׵ĿԹˣҲôѧģֻ˵յ˼߯Ҳ֣ô뵽ôĿͼ˵̫Ϊˣǲǲ벻


1352 걬ʿ
ڡ帮ǿ֮󣬱ݸﵹûôȥֻǽԾݸЩǣʵԾ׺ܺñϣһǳģӲóһԣֻӲĻֻܴﵽеȳɼҪѧãõĳɼ
ҪеǴʱ֣Ҳæҵطˡ
ȻԾȥˣҲ˼һЩĿգһ⣬ͼ˵ʲô
£һûд𰸡
ûд𰸣΢΢һ
ڵûд𰸣ʲôĿ
ЦУǰʿƿʫʣд𰸣
ԭˣ
褵˷׷׵ͷ
ЦʵѧԺĿԣΪ˳ɼĸߵֻͣǽѧһַΪܹѧ״̬ͼ˵ҪΪѧǵĹ۲ԼͼȥҲܹѧдȤ׻˵úãʦţڸˡôţȻѧѧϰԼǶѧϰȤǷǳĽһӲѧԴ档
ֱԴ֮ʿѧԺԾʱȻ򵥣Ҳ˾ÿζѧԺԾȻѣȴ÷ǳ˷ܡ
Сһ֣ǵ˿ϣݺݵһΡ
Цŵͷ֮⣬ܹѧᵽԼѧӳֿСñ˵̫ӵһ⿴ͼ˵Ҳ֪ʶҸҿ϶̫شһʱһһַǳĸоʵѧϰǷǳƵģѧǷǳֵġ
Ц˵ҲҲȫȷΪһǲգҾͷŻڵûлشԣ֪һûд𰸡
ùһЦ˵úãѧϰѧãڣȴ֪ã벻ѧҲ޲𡣡
Цŵͷ벻򵥵һ⣬ȴ̺Ŵǻۣ˸еȡ
硢ҲǷ׷׵ͷ
ֵ޸ӺǣѧԺѧܹЩĿ𣿡
֣硢ނƾһ񣬶ѽѣǿ죬дʲôá
£ɼȻиеͣһ࣬мǿõ߷ֵġ˵ЦѧǶĻԾǿĨѧԺһյġ
ҲǣҪѧԺѧ˭ȥЦѧԺѧҲǳ˽⣬ѧ֮ǰֻ´ֲʶһû뵽ⲻһ֮꣬죬Ű
¬Ц֪ɿԸа
⻰һǱԼˣ֣ȴ࣬ڷţһĸоһƢûС
ǾԶԣ䣬ֻԼĥԼ̹ʵĳϣַܹµľ
ңң
ͻȻֱǫǲҪᣬֻǧٴѣһתʵҪ˵츳ô϶ʿѧԺѧǿһ㣬ҳϣѧԺʦҲһ㣬ΪǴСܵõĽǵĸĸҲԽǣѧԺѧ߱ġ
⿴ƹάʵڴȻѧĴǾͿ϶ʦĴ
֣Ƕ֪ôܲ˵գǫˣǵѧǵѧҪˣǵѧ͸һ
ǵȻʿѧԺĲ㣬ҷԣʿѧԺ̭
Ը꣡
¬Ц
ʱҪַȣʵǰҪһ˦䣬˵Ļǲǻ˾㲻ˣһ䲻
ЩҲ׷׿գΪĸףȻϣԼĺӲҪ̭ҲӺѧлȥ
ɫһʿѧԺĵһִԭҷҲˣλѧʿǳʿ壬ʿģʽǸӣӴӣഫֽ֮Ǹ֮Ľϵģ׶ڶӵڴʦѧڴܻͬ漰࣬ʿѧԺȫհһ׽һġ
֮
¬Եͷ
ʲԷ⡣֮Իǰ˵˭ô𣿲˭ĴΪҶôģûΪʲôҲȥøãһֻֽͣͲǰи͵ѧҲĹͣѧšѧԺֽģʽʷǰģһִ󵨴£ǣǲçǾܵ˼ļ㣬Ϊȡóɹǲôġ˳кܴĹϵ˵һһҪ׬ǮΪпʵһεĻᣬ˵һʧҲνôڿʼ֮ǰһҪǳ׼
ʦʿѧԺʦǾԵȨǲģѧãһĴʦֻеʧڽϳңҽ㣬ңⲻǽʩᡣѧԺͲѧԺѧΪΪʲôָڻʺһݰģʺ󽨰ѧԺΪ룬ʦ
һۣ˵ãҸʲô
ǣ
ڨڨһЦ֪ʵǿĵģּʿѧԺʦΪҽ㣬Ҫϧ㲻úѧϰڷɵǶôѵõĻᣬ˼룬ôʦȻΪǲܶҪ̫࣬վǾӦøжˡѧԺȫһѧԺʦÿڽʾ֭ôܽɲţָķȥӵĶȤúܹõ⡣
ģ˲
⻰һ֣ǿҪ˲õ˭һȺͷô
ȴһ㣬յ·ǲ·ơ
֣ǵѧʿ˵黯ջһת˶ɵˣ˵ѧĲ̫ˣҲ䡣ȷҪһӳ͵ҲͼգҪݣµü£ʦѧѧʲԽ֪ʶ͵ٶȾԽΪ֣˵һ仰ѧǲģ֣ѾϰˣƽʱҲô˵ġ֣ӦΪ֣֮ȵЩѧȹ̣ѧҵг֣֮һ㲦軭㾦á
֣Ǹжӯǰ˵Щͳͳԣ޲ýΪ֪⻰˵̫ԣ̫ƯֱһѪᱲ֮
֣ϱǷͻ䣬ƴסЦ⣬ֻ˵ˣƨճƵڶû˸˵Լһ
帮ְķеĸ֣޲ùƣ⻰˵þ͸Ƶá
ҲҪһ㡣
˵ն˶٣ŴеʿѧԺּǽѧãѧԺּҪѧҲܹʳ
˻һ˲Ȼ𾴡ǳƽȴȾʮ㡣
һֻСƣֵ˵˵úãɣһ仰˵̫ˡ
¬һֻвֵһ仰ѣܽˡ
֣縧һ̾Ŵނƣ˵ϵܣ˰
Ȼֻ΢ЦŵͷȴˣιҲˣһҵٺã磬Ҳ˵ʲôΨһҵİĺãҵǿ󡣺գһҲǳ
ĴգҴ֮
Ⱥ˵
ˣʱʲôͷ


1353 ʤ֮
ʲôԵ·ˣ
Ե·ˡ
ʿ壬ڵǸ߹ͷ­
һأˡ
ӽǶܣʵǰҲݲǱ粵
ûãѧԺʿѧԺһѧԾÿ˶ʿѧԺ˿ΣΪʿѧԺԾÿ˶ֻǴſһۣҲȷʵûʲôɿģѧԺԾȤһ⣬Ƿһ⣬𰸶һѧǵ˼ҲпգҲȤ
ҲżԾԼԾԱ
ǸѧϰΪʲôѧԺܹȡ˳ɹһͽʿѧԺԶԶֱ漣Ҫʿ¢Ļü갡
һ㣬ѧԺܣд֡
ʿѧԺĿǳɾֱ࣬ȺյֻҪõö࣬ԭܹʿѧԺһǣƵǣѧԺëд֣̿ʣȶ֪ôȣҪӶΪʲôѧԺͳһ̿ʣΪëʺܹôʶòѧԺǶȲǻ˼ô
ͬʱҲδȥͳ͢ѡ˲ţԼİܲɷֵģȥǷռⶼⲻ˵⣬ȻѧԺĳɹҲζԽµ򣬵ҲûжԴչۣô콥ķչܹи˼أ֣͢ʲôͿܻܴķ죬˽ȥŪչٿҲô죬صء
б
һԾԣ¶ɫ˵
΢΢׵ʲôҲʺ󡣡
ѧԺʿѧԺһֱڰнУ˭Ҳ֪û뵽ֵô󡣡
Цֻϣܹ֪
˶𣿡
һЦѵû뵽㽫ʿѧԺı׶˶ˣһǻعǵܹܿ׷ѧԺ
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Ǽ˶֮ѧԺŮʦһεϴձİ棬Ů˶ԣʵһͻƣһ˿Էġ
ѧԺʤʿѧԺԹŶʵۺʹǵĹʶ޿ģȻϽʤͲ˵Ů˾һǿҲܹ֤ŮȫԵʦûκġ
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ϾҲôֻܺһŮʼҾģǱȻƣǶ֮տɲұ֤

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1356 ʱ
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ʱ¶࣬ӳĴڵִݣҲæ˳ˮһ·ϳͨ裬ؼͷ٣Ȼ;أͣЪжһݻתվǺҪġ
ֻ˺һոµĴͷϣڴˣһҴͣͷϣɰǧĴæжܱΧ۵˿ɱɻҪˡ
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þƣþƣң
⡪ֽզģôãôˣֽһǽϵֻֽµȥŷˡ
Ҫ˵ôѲıˣΪرˣһզû뵽÷ĻҪã

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мվһλˣ΢΢һλûƭǰɣ
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չѡ˺գעһϵġ
չûа취ЩСֵ̼ġǺȥһƻǳҵʱЩֶ̼ͷ·ŪǷˮ𣬽һëûƮ˷ôǮʱչɹı
һչǸ˱֤ɹʣҪǺˬԼĻֱӻسȥˣǻ첻ȥˣҲûȥˡ
һغûˬԼ׼ʱִݣ˽õĴͷóˣչҲǳһ
ĽϻڱȽʱڣҵ棬ټϹԭ򣬺ֶ̼ܶûгţ͸Ӳ˵ˣʶôһ㡣Щ̼֡ЩȽĲƷ֪ԲȥԼңĻֱ˭ǶѾˣûʲôǺտǵչɹȨɾĻ˼Ҳȥ󳤰ˣչɣǺ޲ýչɹǲү
⣬һҲ˴ӵţ˾֡
ȥʱվ͸˵ҵһǰ;ԺƴӣǾͽǮȫͶҵ棬ȫȡʽĴ룬ŪĶСרܽϵģΪˮǳḻˮ·ǷǳġתվҪС͵ܱ߸ѾԴֻԱ׼ˣҪȥ̸ЩԼˡ
һ˿Ǹ˻ˣ⻹ֻǸոտʼиĻӳ˻عҲиĻӽ͵һֻƱĻδʮ궼Ҫ

ԶڳĺգʱϾ˼ϵ£гԱȽƽȣ͵ϱʹ˽һģæŽ£ûнûһУΪκμƻǻ˲ġ
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ôľҲ٣ǰɣٸһʱ


1357 Ե
ڹھøٷչʱκսпֹһУʼղԸؼʱ̣սԸڳκδ󳼷γͻԵĻԸйٹߣϧǣйĵ߱
ʷƳ˥ʼն벻ެʷľ֣ҲǺտ赲ġ
աǵʱڡ帮ѾˣΪʡ࣬϶ڻʳڣաһһ㶼档֮⣬һʮĽ˺ʶд£ԭʮɽǵȥ¹Ȼ붽սġ
ǳüչֱӴ½¹ȻǱߵϢǡ
ȻʱƵĵͣǩһЭֻǸ˫ºߣû˵Ҫ˫ͣսһ߾սһֱӴƵҪʼûԽĺߣެǳӣ󳷣ðȥ䵱ˣΪߵĳຣᣬս𲻶ϣ»޲ṩŵռԴǰȻԸ⡣
¹ȻԣɽסެһȻϣ¹ȻҲذɽŵ²ҲȨֳ֧ຣ
սһȷǳơ
Ǿϸ£һ֧ڳˮͻϮһ֧ӣǺܳģͰҪǣһ֧ǳຣ찢޵ңҰ޵޶棬ȫڰĴ֮¡ǽ޸ŭˣеĲڶ԰͹һپͻ˰ֱӾʹެȥˣΪ޵ĳຣ¹Ȼ̵ܴĲˣڱ߽磬ս֮Ǿެʿǿֿŵֵס޵Ĺơ
ǸЭԣɽǺߣΪɽȥެˣʵǻأ¹ȻԽˡ
»޸Ͻƹ۲ʹŹ۲ʹȥެı߽磬ǿ¹ȻԽģϣܹެ¹Ȼ룬ʹͬʱ¹ȻҲʹơ
֪͸Ͻ档
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¹ȻʵǲެǰެĻֻ¹Ȼֵˡ
¬üެ¹Ȼ붼ҴƵķҶҴޡ߾һǰǱƺס
ڵϳΪѾ御ˣǵʱѾŬȥͣǩЭҶȰǺβȥ
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ʦҲͷҲ޳֮ԡ
ǷҶк׹ϵ¹Ȼ룬¹Ȼ˵ȥެĻ¹Ȼֵˣǣ¹ȻȨʵǴƷֲȥģֲϣȨǶΪı߶ǴԾɱ¡
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ʦǣЩˬҲûж˵ʲôֻΪҵһԪ˧רỴ̈Ǵ򲻴򻹵ÿЩ
ξ취̫ˣ̾˿ðɣ¾ͲˣҲѾԼϧֲ˭
£
һֱĬĺͻȻվ˳£Ϊ»δҴ޲ߵĵزлܹģ˾˵úܶԣެռ¹Ȼ룬ǶǶԣǺ£ެԶסǳĵ·ǶĿƣǴƵ漫ΪϾҴͶ˷ǳľң˫ʹѾ·ϣ֮ǽٷʲô£ҲˣҴƶԣҲǺ°
̵Ȼ֮¿Źȥ˫ֹͣսǵˡ
ŹȥʹɣⲻǸެ㾡ܴˣǲæġշǳƣެ¹Ȼ룬Ŀͳһԭ϶ҲȾָôƻֻ治ȥˣҪ󳼣£ʵҲ¹Ȼֻռ¹Ȼĵ̣ΪƿΪԼӹ
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Σһҧ£Ըʹ¹Ȼ룬ͣ¡
˻һ˽һ㶡
͵ɣެ¹Ȼһ֮£ì޷ģҿȥҲͽ͡
Ҳͷ˵ǣټңǳ͢سһи̣Ǻá
͸ݣ㶼Ūþһȥ̫Σˡ
յ£ʵ֮ԻֳΪûϸǣ¿˵򳼶ôӦΪ˸⣬ʼΪެ̲¹Ȼ룬˼ҴƵĸ棬ҴƾӲ
üԵЩԥ
ڵ£ϳ֮ǿɺǰȥһԡ
бĿһƳ͸һ˿ãﲻ֪ǵС˼
β
˼Σ»ǵ¹Ȼʹ˵ɡ
ںܶ߶ɺģնԣǳҪΪԣҲȥʹģר⽻٣ΣҰΣͿʹ
ǵ
ߵԣ˵ϷҲ޳Ľ顣
һ㶣˾մͽ̡
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¹ȻҲŪòˬɳǿȥ¹Ȼ룬оͰѦصȲǷǳ٣һ򣬵Ǵݿ¹Ȼܣп϶ⲻɱ¾Ҫ¹Ȼ¹ȻûʵȥԿެʵ¹ȻĩƳǷǳǿġ
üͷһ壬˾յĽ飿
ެǻ¹Ȼǣǡǡߣô˵õİ취ʲô
ɱյ
ͷȻҴٳʰо֡
յĻǾͱⲻެĳͻˡ
Ц˵Ե·ˣȴ֪Ե·֮ǰȻýڶԷĲϣʸȥ̸Ե·ˣެһֱԾԾԣһζãֻǸͱˣõİ취ǳֽѵһ£ǾͲˡ
ڸսףʵһֱսɣ»ôţοȥҲެһ£佲壬ǹ֮䣬ʲô嶼ܹ侮ʯǵȻ侮ʯͰ㲡ҪţɱȻٳȫɨƽ
Ǻ֮¹Ȼ룬ǲ̣Ҫɨƽެ϶һ־սҲβߣɲֹսģһҲһֱڴֻϣƲҪ󶯸ɸ꣬ǼȲ޳ɵҲ޳սɵ
ճ˼Ƭ̣˾գެĹȻԶҴƣҲȻҲ˵ǱҴƻҪǿֻǴŵ̫죬ûоӪã̫ʥϵȥ¶ͻʾɵأҲôȹ̡ʱެսĻʹʤһҴƹ˥ô϶Ǳ޳Īʱ򣬷ĶңпҴٲ֮ء
ۺ룬ü˼ǣ
յԵͣΪһսȻȫչ
Ϊ»ܵô
յһޱ㲻ܵͣҲûʧʲô


1358 һ

ʲôҪʹ¹Ȼ룿¾ȵźա
յͷĿǰһ
üһ壬¶δͽϢңɼǷȥɡ
ûĬˣûѡ񣬳д󳼶ԸΪŬҲиԵɣôǳ棬ֻܿԼȥȡˡ
³Ƭ̣ǷҿȥҲԴﵽĿĵġ㲻Ҳ˵Ҫ꣬Ҫˣסġǡ
ʲô
ҴƳǰһ߶Сͷƾһǽġ
ȭͷÿȭͷ˵Ϊʲô¹ȻôҴƵĻΪҸүүݺһԴ֮¹ȻҲҽҴƺ¤ͬĵݱͬҲó㹻ʵǰǲŻġ
̾˿Ҿǲ󶯸ɸ꣬žʹ¹ȻģҪĻһȥʲô
µ˵˼άСĴۻĻر
ûôġ
µǹ֮ɲô򵥵ģҸүү˵ͷ˭ȭͷ󣬾˭˵㣬ûʲôƽԡҪ˵ѽǹҧȵǴòʱٳһ򾡡
üʵ˾Ҳ˼ެľʵҴƲ»޵ʮʮڻȻбҪսĻҲõӣĻެ϶ܹ⣬ǵĶū𣬵ǴƿǾҪ־սĻҴƲǴˣǽʧȥʼΪķ̫ˡ
鼸أջû˵ˡʵ䲻ͬӰ죬Ǵӥƣȴ˵ƽʱҲôģʼջǲԸԤյ뷨ֻԼӲǾǺԼˡ
ա
ެ¹Ȼʹͬʱִ˳ʱ䶼޼ξͬʱӼǶˡ
˫Ǹִһʣǰࡣ
¹ȻҧⶼެıϮ޵޶ŭ޳ȻԴΪɣ¹Ȼ룬ϣܹ
ެǷ¹Ȼ˵ȫû֤ݣެȷʵ֤ݣ֤¹Ȼ뷽Խ˺ߣֵެڣƶµĹأӦΪ˸ҪƳ¹Ȼͷ
֮иɣиί
Ѷϼ£ƫƫƱҲ˽ȥһ˶սԱ˵Ϊϴ磬Ӧֹ
ͷ۲ѣҲ֪˵Щʲôȵǳ֮󣬾ЪţȻټҪ󳼣Ӧԡ
վ£Ϊ¹ȻʹĻǲ²⣬֤֤ⶼ»޵ı෴ެǱ߿ƾʵݣǵĶսԱҲܹ֤ǴƶµЭôǴӦެһַ¹Ȼ롣
һףڰ˵
˼ôެһϷ¹ȻˣֻǶ׽˼ɫһ£˵ÿоݣμҺͽڡ
¬ȴɣɣԴǱý򣬿ңԴûԲҴƵҴôܹ侮ʯˡ
׵ެҲǻ
ʦҲˣҴެһĻλʤɹ¹Ȼ벿ڱ壬ެϽҴƽԶڸԭ֮ϣ಻㣬ֻµʱެʳңĻ
ԵͷҲ¶Ϊ֮ɫ
ͻȻվ£ҲΪĻ̫󣬵ŲʵĻ˵ȥϾЭǴֵġ˳Ϊ͢ɳһλسǰȥͣ£ȱ˳֮գԱʾҴƶڴµӡ
һﲻףֱʵаգ
ü˼Ƭ̣ʮգҲԸǰȥһԣ㲻ɹǴҲûпʲô
εͷ˵ҲеЭǴⶨģܲܣĻ̫󣬱Ҳ󣬶Ҷ֪˭һλ͢سǰȥͣ⵹ǿԵġǺãΪ¤Ѳʹǰȥ¡
΢
ձȭһֵ£һûгɹأ
һ㶣¶Ϊ֮ɫ
յ£ڴƶԣҪĻǴƵ棬΢ûеͣɹ˫ܻᱬģսެ¹ȻҴƱϣҴƱ߾ǳһȫ濪սпܻѸΣҴƱ߾
ε֮õΣ
ΪҪȫ׼յϣܹެ¹Ȼ븽ӵȨ̸ܹеĽһʱȫӦԣϢӦԣֻ»ս
ο
ͷϳΪ֮
εðɣΪ¤ҵоܹܡ



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֪Ϣ֮󣬸еЩ죬һ˵ֻҪΣĺ棬ʹģⶼ⽻Ա£ھӴܣһʹЩס
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ҲԣⶼһִٳЭġͷ̾˿
һ۱㿴ǣæˣǱǸУСӦߡ
δ䣬Ů˵ɷ־ķҵôܹ˼ɶŮ˽飬һô˵ǲ
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ŮǺЦ˼˵öԣʳ֮»ΪǣҪ㣬ȻԹҴΪȣҷģһչ˺µġ
µڼҲûôչңǶչҡ
ոЦǣΪԲס㡣
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ŭԼŮһۡ
ŵ࣬Ҳһε£ⲻҪڲТ֮ô
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յģҲȥ̸еġ
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յͷֻ㻳С
µ㲻õģжڣҲֲ㡣
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½㣬ң
ѩͻȻ߽ףҲѽ
Ц㣬㡣
ѩʱɫһ죬ΪĺԺѾΪŮʦİ칫أѩÿһֱʱֲ뿪
Сˡ£ȥмĿ⣬ֽԼҪ£ѩ
ѩԵǵһСİ
ΪСڹٻ֮ңסҲѾϰˣ˵ǵ˯ž
յͷЩ£һ㣬ǹڿαϵ£˽ҵˣҲ֪ҪʲôĿαˣҾʹ㽻㡣
ȿȿȣ
ͻȻһȡ
Цٹܵ¡
ѩŷӦ͵Ц
΢΢˺һֵۣǲǻȥһԪұ
ոЦգǵȻᣬһкܶҪԸ붼ͷѽ


1359 ҵļ
ʵʱ仹еģȻѾͷˣҲ˵ϾҪΪȻެ¹Ȼʹȥȥެ¹Ȼߣͣսһƻ£ΪЭɴ֣ƵȻҪ룬ԼҲˣ
ˣެ¹ȻһӦģΪβ˵úȥͣģúȥµģȻ˫ҳ˫ִָһʣҵȻõ£ܹıߡⶼҪһЩʱȥţΪ˫ϣֻջиҪȥţٶʱҲá
Ԫұ
Ҫţ
žԪĵϢ΢΢죬һ˿µźա
յ˵ͷ
ԪĵʹɹƬ̣ЦһСģ£ɷġ
ֻƬȴúһůʵԪĵ·ǳУΪĵһɷ򣬾սϣԵĻԪĵϣȥδ¶ǶԺ֧֡
ģҲȥͣģɲȥ̵ģʲôµġס֣һ˿εһᾡϻġ
ԪĵȻָ֪ǶĺӣҡͷⲢҪҪܹȻ¹Ȼ˺ެˣҶʶǿûԭʿкɵСģ򲻿ܸڳһͱˣǹལģ¶ҪأԵҲȻصٸˡ
һЦǲң²òͷ
Ԫĵһ̾ϧ͸
յ˭˵ģ
Ԫĵ˵㼸ʱ
ҡ
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㵱ʱͷˣͲˡ
ҲˡպٺһЦֵģһҾȥģܿͻ
ԪĵһЦȴףղֻȥȻһǳأҲû˵ơ
һȥԪ
ԪǿúܿȤգػҪˣŪúտЦá
̸̸Ͻƻ
̸֮󣬺վ׼СԺȥеϣԪ˹һɱ
СҪţԪüͷ
ڨڨ˵ͷ
Ԫպߵ治֪ģ͸ݶ㽫ûˣȥ
շŰ۵˭ʷǺ³ģ
ˣˣӣһôԪջӻ֣Ȼпգһ԰ɡ

Ȼ°
վ¡һ㡣
ʲôϻҪ磬ɾͻزˡģһȴһеģٴҲᱣġ
źܲζӺܴôûϰɣû飬һҹ
ԪֱӴ뿪ˡ
ղɵÿЦһȴסԪôԪĵȻҲ֪Ԫĵϣ뿪Щˬա


գ뿪Ԫұ֮󣬺ָȥء
νǧñһʱʱڣʲôʱá
˶󣬹ðΣŵ㻹ҪҸһȥ
΢΢һ㶣⵱ȻҵڣְѵְۣҲ̫һɣҪǮʱ򣬾֪ҵˣʱ򣬾Ʋϵ㲻ȥ˷˲Ű
˭ˣҲǸ𱣻㣬˶ѡ˶ݺһɺյ
յһΪǵԼְǱңΪǰ˵
ҡ˶ԥƬ̣̹ϵֻΪҸһ𣬶Ҫžһһ⡣
ԭ򰡣
Цһ𣬵ȷʱΣգÿÿǶܻΪģǹؼģҪ㣬ȻĻƾèʮһץһѣŻôǮҵôҵǮӡģֻǽѣͱˡ
ó´Ȼ˶˫Ŀźա
ܹǶһЩΰˣӦøеٲǡ

ۣҿ˾㾹Ȼҽҹ
˶վ˫ͦҵְǱ㣬˶ѡ
ЦôŵķϣǧԮ۰룬ǧٹᣬһ֣ö˻һֹǲ
㡪
˶˫Ŀһɣȭա
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¡
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ջعͷ㲻ҹȥɣҿɲᡣ
˶˫ĿϣԲ𡣡
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˶˫Ŀһ˫˫ĿˣһһٵԲ𡣡
ǮһöŬԿյ˵ûгⰡ
㻹˶㳵
һŶȣŵ³ϼˣǸɡ
ôߡ˶ҧгݵ
Цһٷܹȵһٻ˼ңȺ£Ҹ
˶ŭӺհΣͦش䣬ʮۣúͣҪ֪һӣΪ˶ˣǿڳš
㿴ʲô˶ȻֺЩ̫Ծ
һѹ̫ˡȴЦҾ·ͦÿģؼԺã֪ʲôġ
˶˵òű߼ʣݺһɣһﲻȥ
ȵôã͵һۿȥ˰ɣֻ˵˵ѣ֪裬᲻һ˵ţһߴ°ͣ˼Ȼ͵վѽҵȻỹ£õģƽʱеõۣѾͲҳԷֶ룬Ѿ³ңԼ
ͻȻǳƣһʱȣһ볢˶ա
ǾҪ
УôҲȿЧȣˣô»Ҿ֪ôˡö˻ȥ
úһֻ˶һ˽˱Ƕ
ģЩ
˶潫Աߵһţϣܹسŵ
ƫͷһмһ鿾ţΧסһȦ׷ţǳ£еձձѧƳģƫͷһģ
˶ϣôش㣿

յֻʣһҪ󡣡
˶˫ĿԲ㻹Ҫ󣿡
һһָͷұ֤
˵
ܴܲĸʱ䡣һƵ
ֻһУ˳̲סЦǮһöҰˡ
س֮ȥԺ硢һЩ£Ҫľǣûл֮ǰһеоɹҪԱܡ
ֱʱ֣Żصٿһ顣
һغճһܵܵǵ࣬ûٿޱˣɼ࣬ȫպСҰҲǱȻġǸƵãպСҰ⣬Ҫע⣬עǵģϾһ߶߶Ƕ˯ˣΨСҰһýζżСһģѵĸ飬治һܶġ
գȥ黧񰲾֡УһЩˣʵزҪȥ̫ãǣ϶ǻزˣһæµʱҪʵ̫࣬ⶼûгվѾſˣｫެ¹Ȼһ顣
ʮչ󣬱߹ǱڴϢҲԤƵһ㣬ެ¹ȻӦҪʱͣսʹȥ顣
ڵҤ
㡪ҪԶţ΢΢죬źա
յͷϻûи㣬Ū㾫ʧѧϰصһ
һߵžʧ㲻ô
ˡ
Цȥ߰ɡ
һ㶣ͷ
˳Ҥߵ£п»ټʱ򣬾˵Ѿ˵ˡ
һ漴ϻ


1360 ϼ
Ϊެ¹Ȼֻʱͣս֮ʱܻῪսֻһССᣬڵõ˫ͷ󣬺վٽˣٽǸɶǾеľǿɶҧױֻҧѾҰˣЩʿȻҲˣΪ˱յİΣֱɸ˺ա
һ·ǿӱޣǴ£û̫ʱȥۿ;羰ѽ¤ң¹Ȼ뾳ڣ־յı¹Ȼ뾳ڵĴĪųǣʵһǣר׵ģҪǴ̵Ļû̫á
ȵǰʱֻſվϰˣΪһ¹ȻĿɺԴŵ²
Ǳ»޸̸ŵ²ȻҲԳ棬ϾغŹ֮ΣֻӭӺգȻһȥ̸СȻҪ̽̽Ŀڷ磬ΪެҪİѡެĻ¹Ȼ꣬ʹϢûбֳվһߣҲŵ²ǳǡ
ʵҲҪŵ²ģΪŵ²̸ռģ»ģǹ˶ûһ滰ģ̸û̫壬ңղδκζԲߣֻеߣñ̸취
Դղˣ
շŵ²֣Ҳûбֵ÷ǳ顣
ŵ²æȭصһ񣬵ͷɳ;ˣʵβѡ
ңҡҲֻ赭дĵͷȷʵŵ²ЩòװǵͣŪŵ²϶Ѵ̡
ŵ²ҲɫãеһЩҲûж˵ʲôָսһˣĴӺԼһЩ󳼡
ȻֻΪúոܵĳ⣬˳֮ŵ²͵뵽Լʱסڣ»̸ΪҲױ¶ﻹô˵
ɣɱ»Ϻƭˣһеһж»޵ı
һڣŵ²Ȳ˵
һۣ˻
ŵ²֪ԴӵǩЭ֮ެһֱǼɧڳˮǰǰٰãû뵽˾ȻȥϮ޵޶ԭҲ˵޶Ҳʵ޿̣ųġ
ҿǰɣһЦҵ֪ƺҲһֱͼոɽ
ŵ²һ㶣ۺգΪɽԼԴǷǳҪǶެһǳҪϣҲ¹Ȼķ֮أެжߵģһ׾پܹ¹Ȼĸء
յͷҲף˵ǩЭʱ򣬰ǻսڣɥ޶֮ʹҲܹ⣬ˣȴһֱެڣô˵ⶼΥǵЭ
˵ǡ
ŵ²ڨڨͷǰҲǱ޳ͷԣпԭġң֤⼫пެµ塣ȣ޵޶ߵĵ·һǳȫĵ·һ㲻ȥǱߵģҵʱ㹻˱ǣɼ֪ǰ޵޶˵ѲʱģһԤıϮΣ޴ȥʱܿܣȻĻҲôʹެȥ
յЩǵʹѾ˵ˣò֤֤ݣʵҲûʲôãΪЭû漰ЩݡңΪ¹ȻĿɺӦΪ룬ʱֹޣɼҲϣܹ°ڹެ
ɣԩŵ²̵
ɻһۡ
ŵ²¶Ϊ֮ɫ
յϣףҸϵǰģģҶ˽µȥҲ޴֡
ǣҵȻףŵ²ͷֳĬΣͻȻ̾˿ȻŽԵɸ˺ա
ʵԵɣշžͲµˣ¹Ȼһɵģŵ²ǴƷֲģԭѡ¶ƣʴ˺ܶಿ䶼ˬֻҲûа취ûһǣǩЭˮһսóຣ½ǸеƾʲôﻮΪս
ŵ²򰢲޳ŵȫְ֧ޣռ˰ͽĵȫŴӦ
ºˣ޶ɱˣ޵ȻҲŵ²ҪʲôƨЭǼҲˡӹؼǣսݵʱŵ²Ϊ»޵ıûзޣһͣ͸޸еˡ
ŵ²ֹֹˡ
յ֪֮ͷ۲ѣ룬ⷬͣеҪѵöࡣ
Ϊ¹Ȼڲһɢɳȥެͣ
ŵ²¶СʵɣѵѾެأ
ʳǣŵ²󺹣ҲΪĵһ㣬ܹգȫĴ֣ȴΣγڵĹϢԸ󶯸ɸ꣬ҲûôϡҾͱ㣬һֱһʧȥƵ֧֣⽻
һۣҲ֪ǳףĻǱ»ʲô
ŵ²Լѣ˵»ң
ճƬ̣ΪֻһᣬȻԽˣǲδެ̫˺ɼҲҪԽģпԭһҪͣġ
ŵ²Щʧʵެͣެʳ¹Ȼôϣܹ¹ȻһԸެެһֲ߻ҿҪͣǷǳѵġ
յԴݵЭԣǴӦǰެģϣܹһ㡣ˣϣܹңҲǰԼެ˵ȡƽ¡
ŵ²һҲ˼ˣԣõĽȻǲܵģĽެǰûϣǺ߸ԸģҪȡмҲǿǿǴƻʵۣʲôܹԼģǵެԸĻҲӦֻǡ
յֻ»𰢲޵˵Ĳ
ŵ²ΪѵϾǲ֮ΪǵĿɺӦҪΪ
ճΣǻȸ̸һ£Լ޷ͳһսߣôôȥ»̸
ŵ²ԴʧĵͷҲûѡ񣬶Һ⻰͸¶ƻƫǵģԣһǳҪϢ
֮Խ͸¶ŵ²ǺȷĸǴƲϣȫ濪ս˭Ҫ˭Ϊ˸ۣȽŵ²£ȥ»Ϻ격ģʱʱֳ췭ظֵòʰ
һޣվͳȥຣʵ̸еĵصҲǰ


1361 
ʵʱ򣬺Ѿϵһ̸УǷǳǳѵģ˵ֻһԸҲԸΪ֮ŬΪֻΪļƻɲΪެ¹Ȼ룬ǼȲƳֲެ¹Ȼ뿪ս״õģô̸ֻвܹ㣬ƿɲһ˾ܹŤתġ
ȻʵԤеĻҪѣ
ϲȼƻһеĺգһȫûκμƻ̸ֻȥ취Ҳǧóġ
գŵ²ຣһҲ¹ȻǳĵضΣΪǳˮԴط֣ѵ֮ءԶԶȥХ£սɳۣҳȻڱս״̬ຣǿ׳ʵÿĲһ㶼ڱ߽Ϊ̣ñ˵ڴƽϾӵսȫܸȡ
㿴
ŵ²ĴӺͻȻָǰ
ŵ²Ŀȥֻһ֧۶ĿƬ̣ȻԵĺյɣмǸŰɫ̵ıǳຣ찢ޡ
նһֻǰʮ꣬Ŀ࣬һһçǸͷ׽ڰ˳ϢΪŨвһЦ
Ƭ̣鼲ǰ
һɲµŵ²еһ񣬵ûһ˿⣬˱ˡ
ŵ²Ҳûйڰ˳䡣
Ϊ¹ȻҲǷƣרŵĳƺޱɽǩЭ֮󣬲űŵ²Ϊġ
ͻȻ̧ͷߵɺֱֳʵǲףս֮ʱɺ㲻ҲͰˣΪλҪóݱֹսɺܹһ͡
һ¹Ȼ뻹湻ģ˶ָſɺ
ʵǿӾ翴ˣƳ佫ҲУҧ𡢺Ҳû˵ΪΣսսʵͬĸμǳĿģͳ˧ǳսƿǣ϶гͻģ佫Ƣֱ꣬Ȼֱ˵ʡ
ŵ²δ⻰ʲôףǺ̫ˣڲ趼δȣңҲûз쭣ǵµȻ˵˵ţԵĺһλǴƱʹ¤ҵоܹܣ滧ɣɡ
һƺգձԼӻҪᣬһ㶣漴ߵʹҪǴƱǣӦ÷Ԯǡ

ŵ²ŭһɵǸ
̣ûƳİ¹Ȼͻ᧿Σ
ĻǸ𣿺հֹһ䣬ȴϢŭ˵򰢲ЦԴкβֱ˵Ҿµġ
ɺˣǴʹó˵ģǳɾֱ˵ˡ
ŵ²ۺա
Цŵͷֱ˵ǡ
޴Ŵ¹ȻڴƣɺǴƱƾެռǵİɽƱ֧ǣӦ÷ԮǶʲôЭҲնΣյУǿ޶
ܱߵĲҲ׷ŭ
ЦӦҲ֪ެҲҴƵķެҲǴƱ£Ļֻܰһߣ֪˭أ
΢΢һ㶡
յҴƱûެһ¹Ȼ룬𣿡
˻һɫԱ䡣
ŭ˫Ŀҡ
֪Ҫ˵ʲôһ̧˰޵ĻǰףұίɵˣҲһӵĻ𣬲ңǴƣǷʲô㲻ˬʹܼ򵥣ҿ뿪
ŵ²æɣϢŭ
ˣûзŭֻҾһĲ졣ٶȴŵ²ĻֳŰ޵޽֪ĸܣҲΪĲңеǳʹ˱²ĿľǲϣֲҾȥѵ㽫Ҹˣ޶ܹģֻиʧȥ޶
˼֪ν£
յϣܹóຣÿ˶һȫĻ£ǿ־֮С
޵޶ĳô죿
յԾӦóຣеΪ޶ᣬҪ𣿡
üͷƾຣֿܹסެĽûκ
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ŵ²ԼɺΪˣޣѵôӭĿɺ𣿡
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ڣռ޵ĴǶ˽ǵǿᶼôô
һ㶣׹Щȳȥŵ²ҲúǶȥ
ھʣŵ²ޡˡ
ŵ²̵ޣһȦף»޹ƻЭެһ¹ȻĽڡ
޵ɺһȦף˭ɵģûǷЭнաɲҪǷЭĻĲ֧ңǶɨǰѩΪ֪ս϶յȥ
ŵ²һʱ֪˵Ǻá
ʵѽЭͿ˳ຣ
յüƬ̣Ѿ̸ЩҲûκ壬ǲʵһ㣬֪ϣ
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򣿡һ㶡
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յ˵ͷ
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㶣ðΣľګҡҡͷ
֪ˣ
յͷ
ʹֹŵ²Ͱ޶һ±ơ
ջûи»棬ֻҪ˫ȻٴеͣŵĻǴںơ

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ԣһĳ
Ȼ͵ҡ˼£漴һЦһֵˡ
һ̧ͷֻһһü󺺳ڣЦ֪˭ˡ
ǳ˶棬ֻװһΪ˶ȥˣֻһ˸˹ǺȻýߡ
ޣ˶ݺһۣһЦҲƽϣΪϣôʹȥϾѿüչģ
Цԭҳüչ˧
˶ЦҲô˵
ҲֻǿװҲûκ壬ɵÿЦһ˵ĺܶԣҵȷˣһնûС
˶ûȴյȥһ˵
̾˿ΪһжҵУΪŵ²ǿԴ¹ȻģʵˣһÿƽǾ֮ìܣȻȥ»̸СȻʵһеģҡ
˶ǵһЭ𣿡
յͷΪҴķǳ׵ǵҲǳȫʵҿǵķǳɣҵʱ⣬ǺǣԭôĿЦ
˶ôɵ뷨ȴôơެ¹Ȼ붼ӦˣɼǱɡ
л佱
տЦһʵǣ¹Ȼ뵱ʱûѡֻܴǴֲķ»޵ĻֻϺ뵽Э©Ϊԭ򣬲ŵҵǷЭͬ˵̾˿뵱Ȼˣֻ̫̰ˣŪôһݲʵʵЭ⽻治츳Ǿ飬һ棬Զ»ް
ѵüô̹ϡ˶΢΢Цȴ룬ǳɹԭ
յһô쿪УҲһֵùٵ£治֪ΪҪԼ
˶ɫһ䣬ߵҲֻǰ֮¡
յͷˡѾȫҵĿƣû˿ᷢʲôǵȫ׼
˶΢΢ü
Цϣ㻹ܸҴˡú˵ǲ̫ࡣ


1362 ҵĴ
⽻ɲ⽻ͻһ㶼Ƿǳģռ˱ˣôԷͶ붼ǿģ򲹳һ㣬Ļʼջһ˫Ӯĵ·ǰţͿǷ񹻴Ϊʲô˵սεǾǹ֮䣬̸£ģì޷ģôֻս
רƭˣӲƭ¹Ȼ֮󣬾֪⽻ϵʧ̫̰ȫǴԼģȲެ¹Ȼ뷢ȫսֲƳ룬ֻǰͳຣȥνⲻ˺棬Ҳ룬ȫսΪһǳСĳͻģΪĿǲܣˡ
ǲѣնΪ֮ŬģΪֵŬܹƽϢһͻô潫Ǿ޴ģǧϲװǡ
ʵҲûʲôɵ飬ʵѾǰˣ̸£̸Ѱᡣ
ڳຣһգ»ެǱ߾ѾϢ»ձɴﵽ̸еص㣬̸еĵصڳຣͰı߽紦ֻǰķֽ硣ΪǰñຣһǧѾ˵ɽһڳຣĿƵУսֻսຣѾռĵ̣ܻͻȥΪһ̸£ͻô
ոյã»ǧެʿ͸ϵˡ
ԶԶͼ»ֺɣɡ
ҲϽӭȥ
ֻ»޷Ц뺫һʣ̸ǹ֪ɽһпɶã
·յĺѣѡҲóȽڴƵ»ޣյ»ҪӷŵÿһЩ͸һ˿֮ϾڸԭڳһһίδЦ
ҲЦɴǹңһжáǴ࣬ȣɸʤ
»ްڰֵ֣ˣˣܶ¶ˣǱȲõġ˵ţֽԱһΪɽһλǸԭϵӢۣλǰذϹȡ
±ǳຣĳͻǰȻò̸С
ŶƫĿһֻʮңƤڣĸߴ࣬Ũüۣȴǲͬһ㣬ֵԭذʧʧ
ذϹȹһ񣬵ذϼɡ
ʵذϹ»޷ֲģǰİ类»޸ɵˣҲһѣ࣬ǵȼǳ֮Զ»뺫ղƽƽ
»ֽһλʮҵ׳ʶĴӣϤڽϤʱ»޾赭дɼ֪ԭĻܱˣӢۣǽԼĶӣᣬǳǫ顣
Ϥǳеһ
ҲȭϤɱˣŪúһƵá
ܹ»ֳʮŵ²Դˡ
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ŵ²ֻǵͷ࣬ˡ
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ֻϺ꣡հһ䣬»һƨɣ֪Ҫʲôƨˣװģ˻
»޵ΪЭǺһֵ춨ģҲĪںɣټ֪ɳԼɺֹ»ķڷ
ЭеĻ»Ȳʤȯ
ŵ²һʱˣոϽֹ»޵࣬Ϊԭ򣬱²Ż˵顣
˵䣬Ѿǰ
룡
롣
ա»ޡŵ²໥ǫãջŵ²룬Ͼ˼ҿɺա»޲ôʡذϹȺͰȴǻãнϾڣϤУСҰװĳ˶ԼҲڡ
ڣ˫һƴǣջúм䣬»ޡذϹȡϤߣŵ²аұߡҲϽ̸е⣬ձһͣģȻм䣬ϣ߶Ը⡣СҰ˶һվڸ˵󣬲һһһç򡱣һСͦײġ
֮һЩŮͣǶƼȣÿ˵ǰȻǰΪ¹ȻԵĴ⣬ͱҪ˸⣬ϰףŮ͹ǰơ⣬һЩŮž̳վһߣǳŨūϢ
ʱѾʶˡ
ȵ֮󣬺ĿһɨͻȻǰƣվ
»ޡŵ²˼ˣֻ죬ҲҪ
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յذ޽һƣǸ˵ţһڽеľһ
޺ذϹȶסˣΪ˷̸У϶ŵ²ա»޵Ĳģһվͳʵǳϡ
»޺ŵ²Ҳһ±ơ
ȺնоһذϹȺͰ޲ŷӦæ

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»ú⡪֪ɴ˻
̾˿ʵǰҪĿˡġ
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һ̾ʵ֮Իֽ棬ȫңһЭһֲģȴ˳ຣͰİգֱǲˡĴҡ
˵Դһ˿ʡ
СӣȻһУ»׹
ºȥͣģô¹ȻʼƻЭȴпԭ˲ƫǱߣһߣ»·ϣҲ룬ջôУû뵽ջὫԼϡ
ҵĴҵһеġ
ֺգҲֲһʲôΪձһǿĵ۹˭Ϊ˼ȥǿĵ۹ƴǺѾ̵Լͷϣ»ӵĻ˵ڣ룬СӸģͣġ
ҲûгΪ֪ô˵նὫеϣֲô
ɣ޶ѵֵֻһǸôͻȻߵ
տ򰢲ޣȻҾ޴⣬ɷһ£һ˵֪޽ϣһȶԽɵ˺
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ذϹȺߵǺЦѵǳຣˣûҰĵɱ˷ŻôҪ֣Ұֵ˭ȥծ
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ͻȻһվָذϹҧгݵǱΪҲ֪ЩıƣǾǹɱ޶ȥƻЭøެڹ¹Ȼ룬Ҳ̫һ㡣
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Цһǳຣص㣬أһֻƣ˵ʲôʲôҳຣȥ㶼æĴӦ㣬н¹Ȼϡ
΢΢ü͸һ˿ǡ
󵨰ޣ㵨Ҹ
վ
Цһɱɱ֮𣬲죬ȻǶԸұҾֻܿԼˡ˵գͻȻһŽԼǰİذϹȡ
ƴһüͻȻ˭Ҳûϵ
һĨ־塣
ذϹʶԼİȥ
˫Ŀһ͹淢һ죬ֻһֱԱߵŮһֳذ״ĸУŮ͵ɫһĳմ


1363 

һ㤵Ĳҽ

ź˻𣬵̾͸Ȼֹ

ͬһ˲䣬ֻһŮŵ²ϣذײϴŵ²ؿڣѪעŮ͵ͨ졣עڸϵĺҲ˺ʹ̴ؿڣſ־˫۵ȥ
ۣü֮ΧȦվŵЩ˭ˣֱͦվţһǵ˱ɱֻһѷǹͷǵŴ̳
ף
δ˴ŵ²ӵĲ״»ǰŮѾذ׼»޵ĲϡĴϤ뺱һһʱǾȸףҲԼǰŮͣͬҲذ׼ڲϡ
ˣ
һŮ͵ͷ­ڴм䣬죬ֻӰ£Ƿǹͷ˵¶Ѿǧٿ׵˺ѳ϶
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תۼ䣬װ׵ѾȾѪɫѪӰмۣ⡣
û뵽ֱʣΪּĻ̸һǷǳȫģ̸ֻеģϴɶں棬˭ҪҶ֣ٵľҵĹõǼѣôҲ㣬岻һ˵ʹϵ޻ذϹȶ֣ҲΪǴһܣϡƽҲû뵽ŵ²ա»޶ŹֱԾĹҪ˶ɱˣຣ塣
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¹ȻɺѪУûŪףΪʲô
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СҰһıգҲ»Ǳȥ
޼»⣬˸ɱۡ
Ǻա˶桢СҰƴĹ»ŮͣЩֻܳȥ»ޣŮЮ»ޣܲˣֻܲȥһʱæң˲䱻СҰɱˡ
Σʱ̣޺ʺ漸Ӱζһ£ɫһ㶣漴ͼһЩͲ޷϶з˽ĿȥֻЩͲðẓ́䣬ֻžžžļ죬ʱŨֱð
ͻͲҲŵеˡ


ҽУ̱ڳ˶СҰĵ֮£˵˶СҰ·ڤڤ֮һĬһһϵãǺԵЩڣҲûйǣһĹ»ޡ
һҪȳ࣡ɫ
»޴ΪжɣңԼҪ
Уⶼ˴࣡
ȿȿȣ
ŨֱðѬЩǺ
Ƕ׼ԵɱЩڶ࣬һʱȻֵס˶СҰĽ
ৣ
˶׼һᣬбһ»Ů͡
Ů֮£»һ˦ذ׵ȥһ˶ĳֻâСҰնڶϵ֮£Ѫζ̱ǡ
»޿òһ񺮣ּĴ⽣Ӱɫ岻ѣæ֮УȥΪʲƲǱĴ󶴣Ǳ߶Գȥ
һһ»ˡȿȿȣ
̵ࡣ
ͬʱʡ
ͬʱЩҲȫ⣬Ѿȫˡ
һ⣬˶治һֻһŹ֣£һ£̴ܽ⬡ͬʱöϽǴɱǺյĻŵ²Ļ֮ء
Ǻȫܣ»޾ɱ˹ȥСҰҲһֱػԡ
»ôܶ죬ܿͱ֡Ǹ׷ˣЩֽ»ΧסһȷǳΪЩֻ»ΪأʶľǷأǺա˶桢СҰ׷Ŷʮ˴
һެ
ֻһ֧ެ彫ǲҳ»ޣϾ»޻ڵֵв֮УҲҽ֣ǰ޵ˣֱѪ֮һɹǰ棬ǿɲܷżĿҪˡ
޼ԼĵǱȺȽǼֻɱˡ
ЩֲŷӦԼ˶һ̹ȥ˵סǣº»޵ľһӾˡ
ʱֵĺ󷽴һ»޵Ĵӻͷһֻƥľĳ߳滹һ֧ūͷ̵Ķ顣
ЩֻڸëPOSSʶĻͷȥ߶
ΪʱȺУ䣬ü޴ıզ˵ըһ󼫴ɧңܶ˶ˣɶⰡ
ˡ
»޵ĴӴסЩˣסЩˡֻһĿģһҪס»ޡ
ЩըȻ󣬵ǹڹ죬սܾԭشתʹ
һ֧ʮ˵Ķֱӳ»ޣ˵ãɱĶԷҲ¹Ȼˣެˣʮ̻ںܱߡ
ԭͱЮֵ»һĪɱһ֧ɫ䡣
Ǳ߰޵Ҳеˣʿɱ˹ȥ
ɣ
Ϊһ˺δ䣬ƥս۵ԡ

ֻʮ˴ȡһͲû۵ȼĴӡ
࣬ԲסˣѾˣ
һ䣬Ŷ飬򶫱ǡ
ȥ׷һžŵÿսûнƷȥ
ڶǣ֧ҲɱУຣսʿƴֹմٽӽʷΧȡΧƣֻҪܹΧסӮһûһڳԵ֧ƾʿǼҪչˣѴ̣Ҳͻ
ɣǺɣ
һ˸ߺ
ຣսʿͷһʱһңôﻹһ֧飬ֻСҰһȣɱȥƾлܿʹһȱڣҲ˸սӶȥ


1364 Ī
ȻսȻɱΧⲢζǾͰȫˣΪܱ߿ɶǳຣΧ
ȻǸողͻΧûжãӭɱһ֧飬׷
ô죿
˶üͷ
СҰƲɱȥˣ
ûбҪ
ҡҡͷͷˣָԱһСŶ飬һСȥ
׷׷ᡣ
Ǳ·һɽ£Ⱥɽɽơ

ͻȻסͣ
Ҳͣ
˶漱еôͣˡ˵䣬Ŀûɶ
׷ں棬һͣҪ
һµСҰҲµԣְǱգһиûйϵͬʱ˶Ҳµ
ֳǼڿʼָӡ˵ţָˡ
Ǻɡ

˵䣬ѾԽԽ
üߣϺ󣡡
Щƽʿɵˣôıδôͳ˧ȻߣԼϺ
ʲô
ճȵߣĪΥ
ְ
ߣ
ףˣһЦһӣǰȥ
ЩգɽҲֻܸǰȥ
˶±ƵǸʲô
Ҫһ档ЦǺǵ
СҰź磬ǵˡ
ջͷһֻ׷Ѿ׷ˡ
Щһգ۴С
٣ܣ
վһɽȥ˶桢СҰ£Ҳæźɽȥ
ಣ
ͼһʸǸովõط

׷׷ͣΪһǰɽϣһʵɽĿǴƵʹ
һǵģġ˵ƵΪɽܣ·
ߣǵˣܹ⣬޴áȥ׷ЩˣֻҪܹɱ˴ʹˡ
ǽɽһ֡
ʿ׷ɽ׷ȥ
ɽ䣬˶һ߻ųӲݡһ߲գǲǷˣĵǸϤûоȱǳץסġ
ЦڣܹΪġ
˶һۣɼɫɽ䣬ߵǴݲȣǰƵãеȣһֱںߣվûĿҹ۲죬δʲô˿ַֺһߣĿĴ˳Ŀ⿴ȥŷԭ;мǺţ֪һ׼ģҲٶʡ
磬׷ˡ
վϵСҰͻȻСɽ䣬Ǿ޵еģȥʵǺٶȣȻСͲˡ
Цùǡ
ǽ»Ǽӿ˲
Ϊɽ·ҵٶҲ࣬׷Ҳһʱ׷ϣľסҰҲ
ɽ治Ҳߵʱɽһ󺮷紵ֱ£ɽϹͺͺģŲٻѩһЩľڣҰǳ
˶ɵˣǰ°һľ죬תͷһֻպСҰЩľ׷˦
æ
Ŷ
˶˹ȥһ齫ЩľÿľһͲֱӳͲ

˶澪
һ֪ѽ
˶Ȼ򣬺ոǹͣģĿľҪ˵ĿⶼϣѣоЩ˼飬˼һǵôϸ£ⲻ֪ܿǺյǿ뺣ܣԽʱԽǵ롭
뵽۲Զ£һ£ֻ͵͵ȥԪϰǿûķɹôߡ
СҰȴԵü˷ܣһСĻԣŴ۾磬ҵô
յͷزҪˣ˵ֳ˶ҪģˤȥˣҲǲܻģǰĿˣô㣬㶼ġ
˶һֻܣҲãСҰ϶ģôֻܸһܣɵУҪʹһ
ˣϣǵˡ
տŻһ״ų˶š
˶һ㶣нп಻Ѿûѡˣֻǰ״ȴŭΪʲôȲҡ
պߵЦˣ㻹ô߯ҲΣˡˣˣ߰ɣСҰڵˡ
СҰѾŻվ±ˣһ˫۾˷ܵĹâôߵĵطûзɹ
˶κκ͸źߵ±ϣһ£˱ۣûзɹͻȻôߵɽܲ¾йˡ
ӴӴǴҲẦ£Ц
˶˫Ŀһɣڣź洫к
ɫһߣ
˶治ҲźյĿͬʱ¡

˶滹ûסһ
ܻڶݵ󣬺ȻһڳС
Ǹոշʱ׷ѾˣŽԶȥķĿɿڴ
ɶ⣿
вΪֻô
Ȼһ˴ţһ˲׷ŹȥǶıߣܿͱȥ
ֻĿԶȥ

ڼ
ƵĴ󺰵˵ˣǽƺҲġ
˶һŭźգ⻹㡣ⲻСп棬˫ֲһ
һ͵ػζһ¡æµ۲٣ҶòҪİ
˶ϽסһֵΪʲôҪѡܡ
յɶǳຣĵ̣Ψһ·ܹຣֻҪƹǰɽȻɹˮӣຣ׷ңҪ׷ȥɾ͵ƺԶ·ˡ
Ϊɽģܱ߶ɽ·ֱͨû뵱Ȼ̣ҪƵĻ͵ƺԶˡ
˶ֵǷǳΣգ
յǲɵˣǵĿң˭ֻں˵ĺˣǶᰲȻġ㿴˼СҰɵö
˶һǰСҰȻСҰˣȫܹܵϢ
ֺҪƹǰɽˡ
˶澪ôƣ
ҽ㡣
ڲң
֪㷽ŵĽкǶô˰ɡ



һվˣ»ޡϤѾոձɱذϹȡ
ףԭŶǡϤһ±Ƶ»ޡ
ϤҲңȾ͸ˣֻ¶ҲֻҸޡذ֪»ҡҡͷذϹȵû°ɣ
ذϹЦҵһ棬һƤˣûд󰭡
Ǿͺã»޵ͷ
࣬Ǻѽ
ذϹϻԵЩδ
»ۣһССӣ벻£˵ĳ侲ѽ
ذϹȵ࣬˵ǲǿʲôˡ
һ
»ҡҡͷʱޱҪңҲ˵ĻôެŹͬʱɱŵ²¹Ȼ뷽ӲŹģһҪȫ뺫տ뵽һ㣬Ż᲻һеĸҾһһĹ־ͲҶ֡
˵ţüͷΪʲôﻹһ֧ƾҪЩˣղܹߡ
ذϹȵҷѾѯʹˣЩ˶һЩˣǰôһЩʽƻຣǳຣһжļһģЩ޴Ӵ͵˿ҲʧˡǺյˣôϵأ
»ҡҡͷ̫ϵܻŶԣҲǷǳΣյġһҪĻެĸ󻼡˷ԸȥΣúոˡ
䣬ͼ˴˽ǰ޺µһԱ󽫣಻ˣաˡ


1365 
㡪˵ʲô
»ֻԼˣذϹȶ˶񣬶˲֪Լûǿ϶ǰ˵ˡ
޵ȥ׷ʯɽǱߵһɽɽϣǶۼһˡ
»ԽԽˣ⻰Ҳţ𣿡
ǰҲš޵Ƕ˵ۼģҲˣҪɣҲôһƭҡ
»óĬȷˣ±ҲôһĵɣûŰüѵСӻֶΡǿϧⶼˡ
޵࣬ô죿
»һƬ̣ЦȻȫɾ͵ͷˡ
˷ܵ࣬ΪҰ޵ҡ

»ҡҡͷҪȥžˡ
һ㶣˻
δ˵ֻ꣬͵һһѼ⵶ͻȻؿڴ̳
»ԵϤһ֮ɫ
˫۲𾪣عͷȥԼĸ󽫵ľ㡪㡪
ľֻЦЦյǰһ͡

޷һ죬ֿ»ޣΪʲôŭΪ̫˼ˡ
»ЦĻǸƳɣͼɱ࣬ǲѽҲס㣬裬ҸһȫʬɶΪð
㡪թެˡ
˵֮󣬰ޱǻԹ޺ͺڵȥ
ľóһ鲼ϵѪĨɾ
»ЦľӽտʼǳຣȮӻȫ޵סɱĻǵɱҪк󻼡
ģҾЩӰ쵽Ĵơ
ܺá
ȸˡ
»޿Ϥ
Ϥס
ľк˽̧ȥȻ»еһϤһ˳ȥ
һţ»޾üͷź֮ɫԾȻֽϡ
ذϹȵ࣬úոˣһ̽ϢȥƷĻֻ»Ӱ쵽ļƻ
»޵ȣղûµڱ߻ģµҲû֤ݡΣĴƻʵۿɲǵɺûǷݵ͹ңҹҲģվҲΪʱˣֻҪܹѸٵ¹Ȼ룬ʱҲֻաǺãһҪ취
ذϹȵ¹Ȼ뻹δǵƿУֻҪӳຣķΧǾͺȥץˡ
Ҳһ
»ЦɱǣǺ뻯ɻڷٹǣҼȻ̸Уɼǳ¹Ȼ룬ڴƳУ󳼶Ը󶯸ɸ꣬ΨһֱҪ֧¹Ȼ룬ҲұҪԭΪջȥٹ뻯ϣ취ȶסƣ벻ٹֻѾڴƵƿˣ̴ҵţغ͹մﵽ˷ٹǣһҪϧһд۽˸ɱˡ

ˮԶһƬС
Ż
ֻһһüӡһַڴʯϣµղܡ
ڲԶվһһˡ
ĺաСҰͳ˶档
磬Ҫ𣿡
СҰܲĸǰĻɵ̫ˬˣķ˴죬Ƿѽ
Ц̲ϣѵǿôҲˡ
СҰͷֿǱߵĳ˶Ϊλ£ѵ÷ǳȤô
պǺǵӦǻ˰ɡ
СҰȵźա
ССָˡ
ɨԴ
СҰٺһЦֵҲ֪Сڸʲô
ЦӦǮӶһСˡ
СҰֵúǺֱЦ
УȥǱ߿ָָ˶档
СҰͷȺߺŪԼǼܻĸ
㻹ðɣ
˹ȥŻ΢΢ĳ˶ʵ
˶бĿһƳ߿
屡ôʱˡ
˶ûажΪ˵øͲһ£˻ִȡˮ˼ˮڣͻȻյ֪Ϯأ
ֲɣô֪
ҡҡͷٸһλᣬҲ뵽˸ּĻд̣ؼûʲô壬ֻὫԽŪԽҡ
˶ͷдʵ̫˼ˣެ࣬Ƶ࣬¹ȻĿɺʲôĻ飬˭־Ի֣֮ǲܷģ˿ʱ򣬱ȦǴ棬ƫƫһоͷˡ
Ҳǳ˶ƵĵطҪôǾ͸ȥμ̸ˣΪ׼س֣Ȼб
ղЦһⶼΪһǵһǣϻؾͲɥһȾ뵽ຣΪӦҲֻǷ̸ֹѣ˫һ̷ͻԱһصơ
ʵģٴҲûԤϵôΣգôͻȻⶼԪշĲ£ԪĵˣԪվúκΣգڲûǶԪģֻΪᰮܿᣬҲлڣȷԳ䲻Ȼֻǻһ·
ຣԪյϴʶܶˣټԪҸ¹ȻһֱóЩĹϵЩŶǷǳҵֻдƵƷܹǣԪعϵȰ̶ӣܵຣźյĵҹ۲⸽ĵΣ׼á
һ͸ݣնˣԪʵǳĺգճʲô£ԪĵģԪսԼе˶ɳˣȮˡ
˶һأһ˵ĸоÿһǶֶѣûһɵģ˵ǰɣÿضܹⶫ˵һ⾿ô£
ü˼Ƭ̣˵ʱҲȷҪΪ޶ƺҲΨһĳ·Ͼƺŵ²ԸΪȥ˱ެôΨһܹģֻ»ޡֻҪЮ»ޣȻܹ𡣵ʵҴһʼǾЩԾңɱŵ²ܹ⣬ȴֵһҪأʵңҲһóûеģܹͬʱסƺެ̸࣬еؾ͸һЩ
˶Ļ£ôֻһ
»ޣ
üͷһ»޴˾̫£ȻȡҪֲһЩ
ıģû־֣붼ֲܿΪֻһǧֻΪƭΪȥɱˣ²֡
˶ʵһô죿
һƬ̣ຣյĳ·϶Ͷެңŵ²һ¹ȻȺףʱǴٽúʱ»޲Źġ˵һǶҴƶҲδһûᡣ
ʲô᣿˶ʵ
յǵþȥٹǡ
˶߹ȥ
ЦⶼԤģΪҲᰲң
䣬СҰ磬ˡ
վĿȥֻһ֧


1366 ̾
С˲μɡ
ȮһˡȮʱЦҲԼСǱסˣҪǺиʲộԪὫǶˡ
˵Ϣʵ
Ȯҡҡͷֻȡ
˵ͷ硣

ţΪһƬʴǳȫ
ҿûôʱ䡣
չϵȣ˸Ҹٹǡ
ٹǣȮ㵵ѵǻس𣿡
ʱȲأյҪȥٹǡ
ȮüͷɣС˶˵һ䣬ʲôǶ֪óȻȥĻǳΣյģǱҪİΣ
Цһġ
˶Ϊ˵ĺܶԣ»ڸȻܹ򰢲ޣҲˣǸ֪˭ǵѣңɫڻĮУ·ġǺβˣһٳ
ɫüͷ͸һ˿ǣƬ̣˿ðɣ
ȮڸѲߣȻǻˣȼһóһЩʳ;ƣָǣƤϾǸԪջģԪտһǳˣЩǱرġ
ڻߣһ߳¹Ȼɫɺţ⣬һ˼š
յЩ֡˶ͻȻ¡
һʲôЩ֡
Щ겻˶
΢΢һ㶣ЦΪȫǰձ˵ıдõľ籾ߣԴûκμƻΨһܹãǾȾơ
һ𣿡
˼Ƭ̣ǵڣûʲôҵļ˸ҪǡҲôͿͿ뿪ҲŪµ࣬УȻ仯ķǳͻȻҲΪѾʧˣȻǱ仯ôһлᡣ
˶̫Σˡ
ջعͷȥ֣µӦңΣգһҪһص
˶ЦһֻȽɱˡ
СҰһ㣬һºڡ
Ŷ
ԵСҰںּڴڵĳóǳϲɺţ
˶СҰһЦֻǼĿǰױݣЩƤ
Թ֮󣬼˱ƤϣĿϢϾôãƣ
Ҳ֪˯˶ãһۣպüȮ˹ʲô£
ǻˡ
𣿡
վֻһЩ˹
ְμɡ
ЩգǼ֡
ռǲʮˣôˣأ
̸սһ飬ԭǰ׷֮ýˣ˷ֽ̣ɢȻùŽƶõĵ·һǶҲǱȫûһ˷֣ǾͿ϶ֻֻรˡ
°ҹ棬һЩ½½ϵֱʱ֣Ҳֻһˣһûл綼û¶档
ȻЩǣҲûа취ʲôֻˣһСȺ򣬶Լ˸ٹǡ
ȮǽֳӣΪôһĿʵ̫ˣҷֳӣҲܹܺõıգֻҪΣգߣشȥ
һ·ӱޣ·˷ǳ٣ΪǾסںԴϵģຣͰڵΪʲôǳ֮ؼΪǾסڳˮԴǸڡĮ١գһдǴĵط
ɣǴǷٹˡ
Ȯ˵üͷһƬѹҲǷٹһϣסһкĲ䣬ҪȥһҪĪװȥǡ
Ⱥտڣ˶Ȼǻȥ
˼Ƭ̣Ҳ˵ͷϾڳຣһлǰɲ⵱ˡǺղ룬沿Ѿŵ²Ǽȥٹǣʲô尡
һ˼ƻװ磬Ǵʱǰ̽·ĹͻȻ۷ˣһˣ硣
һΪѾˣ
տ磬Ǵһ
赭д䲻ˣҪɱңҲ¡˵ȻԪǸ̵̬ȥٹǣ
յ˵ͷ
ȥٹǣһûŻشˡ
΢΢һ˻
ŵ²ɱϢٹ֮غ͹̾ͷ䡣
ʲô
մһ¿ģ
ǧȷ
ͷ֮ûȥ㣬ȹ̽̽·֪ڷٹǵˣǽϢҵġ
Ȼغ͹ҷ䣬Ҳ˵غ͹һĵģôʹغ͹ԣǵˣȥû޷
һĶ˱ѣıһж»޵ıֻϺ꣬ѽȻƤ²ôҪһ֣Ҫҵ
˶һж»޵ı
Ҳͷ
ȴҲһŵ²ѹסȺˣһȨ䣬Ҳϡƽģԭټô
ȻҲµһ㣬ûκ֤ݿ֤һУغ͹ŵ²֮ǰ䣬ǾͿܸ»йϵŵ²ǲŷģ⻹Եġǽǲģغ͹󷢶䣬϶Ժ뻯ôֻͶެʱ»޾Ϳ˳Ľ¹Ȼ롣
ղŻȻ»޸ôƲԤߣ̲¹Ȼ룬ղһӣĿľŵ²ȥຣ
ɾڣԲµ»޲ľ֣ûκ֤ݿָ֤»ޣҲᳯ»ϣȥչ
Ƶĸоǲܰ
ҲӦǾ仰ʩˡ
Դӳû˲ҰܣƺëȥˣǺ뻯Σ
΢΢üҲд˵뻯ѾС˴ơ˵˶٣ɣ˵ز˾ΪǰߴϢ»޺ذϹһıɱУȻ¸˳ˣڵϦŭެ˺ͰǼѾ¹Ȼս˳ຣŲñɴ
˶濴յĻ˵Եݡ
ȻһǲҰܸ»ޣһƢûУʼգڱ˵УΪ̰¹Ȼž֮С
˶һۣʱ飬Ϊ飬ҲйģѾǴȥǸ赲ެȻسٴӳɡ
ǳ˶뺫Ĳͬ˶ʹʧܣҲ˷֡
ճ̾һ룬˵öԣһ޷ģ˵˵ȥҪ˭ȭͷҵģֻҲᵽֵزһ̫Ըһ㡣
ˣͻȻһ㶣ȭͷǴƻûչʾġͻȻʵǻܻȥô
ֻҪƹǴͿԵ۷ݣ;ǵˣҪȥĻӦòǺѡ


1367 ʼһ
ôѵ㻹ϰݣ
˶Ծȵ
Ѿ޿صİܾ֣ŵ²һһɢɳ¹ȻȺףެĶ֣ȻڲַΪ䣬£ǴѶ
ֻ¹ȻˣǴƿɻû䡣΢΢üһҪ»޶һشġûǰǰš
˶澪ȵѵެս
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ЦЦǻ㹻ʱصƣȻˣΪʲôһ͸ЩΣѾ·ãɼľ˵ٶһΣȻǶģǾ˭пܻӮ˵ʵެҪʱ䣿
Ҫһɱֻ֣»ɵˣҾһɱ֣ôרҵ⡣ţȻڻ£սϵ£Ҳ˽ģһǳرĴ̿ͣҿ㲻׼Ǻ֮ʣصݹӦֻ²㣬ެҲսսǻù¹ȻǺʹĪؼķߣ˵ެǷֱȥҲһ¡
ЦȴΪʱܱ⻹Ҫ
˶ͷŵ²غ͹ҲȨɹ¹ȻȺף⽻˵Ѿެϵ⣬»޵ĻһԸĹһȡǿĲԣǻӲʩս䣬ôһҪʱ䷴Ӷࡣ
Цŵͷôһεĵط
һһɽУΪһǴȣƽԭɽطǳ֮ࡣ
ɽУдźȻĽʱͷԸ˽ЩӼ͵趼мԼ󶼻նסһҪ졣
˵ֽ꣬һźݸԷʵţֻһʽݣǵ·ϳʲô⡣
ֵУǰȥ̽뻯ϢһõȷеϢһ㱨
ʿٵõ֮ȥԸˡ
̰ȥ沿̽Ϣ沿ʲô
沿ŴǴӵ񲿶ӣרžΪ˱ٹǣ沿ѾͶغ͹󡣡
һ
յŵ²Ȼ㣬ҲɵܰһԼµشǴôҪķߣغ͹󷢶䣬ֻһģǰԣĿӦެӦϣʹЩ併ȥЩ䣬䣬ͲҪެŵ²Ҳôá
μҾμңԴתÿ죡绹Щȵۺһۣ˵÷ǳԣֵĹؼɹʹ齵
̰ǰȥ沿̽ϢǺѣҲԪϵ
ڴɽΣȴϢ

һзԸ󣬺˿ƣ˶ЦȻÿضܹÿضǱ
˶һжҵģŻκһˣǶѾ̤˹̣ҾͲˣΪʲô㲻ѡȻȥȻ㡣
յһެ̲¹Ȼ룬ǲٽģǴƳʱøѣҲѡһӼ򵥵·ֻȽȫѡ
˶ѵдŸնȽʺõô˵ףǵóܹ⡣
ֻЦЦû
Ϊں沿ǰȥ̽˾ͻˡ
ݴ̽Ϣ沿ȷǶƵƵǽǰߡ
Цԣ沿δغ͹˲ãΪ˷ֹǰެͺغ͹󡣡
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˶沿뿪սһŵ²Ӧ̳뻯ôҪΪԱغ͹Ѿ˸Ǣˡ
ܵסެغ͹л
յͬʱҲǵĻᣬǴλüΪҪ;رغ͹Ҳ׸沿֣˫϶Ǣ̸Уܹȡ沿Ҳܹӻܵľơ
˶ĿǰľƶԣѡެȻ֮١
Цǿɲһ˵ţڴǴ𣿡
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յʱҪ֪ҵ٣Ȱݷһ£ȡϵŵʱ뻯ǱҲϢˡ
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ڸգ۷ݷڴϢϢҲոеЩԾ
뻯۷ݽǧ׼ٹǡ
ⲻܣ̵ûбµ۷ݴʷȥʹǺ뻯ɽ
Ŀ΢΢£ôһСĶȴûӹյ˫ۣǲ֪һЩʲô
Ĭֻ֪ԴӺ뻯޵¹ȻԺ󣬶ŷһֱ۷ݴʷδңŷǰǺ뻯׵ľɲ¡
뻯Ůʵ֮ŮҲǹܡ
һ㶣Ҳ˵ŷ̫ʥϹⰲ۷ݳδʷĿľΪ˽ա
ͷġ
Ϊʲôֲŵ²϶Ϊ֪ŵ²û˳֮ŵ²Ͳ֧ŵ²˴еõƽ⣬ŵ²һֱλϣȻҲ˺ܶలš
ӽӣ©һпֻҪıԺ͵ʶĻԼ»ЩԶˣΪһǧǧһ͵ǵҪǾ͸ˣܹõ沿֧֣ٹǷǵİΧ֮С
ͬʱԪҵѾ沿ϵˣΪԪҵСҾΪЩṩƾ˿ȡϵǺѡ
յ֪֮˵Լ
ɣ̫ΣˡɲܺյļƻʲôֻܱյİΣǶɶϤóȻԼΣտ϶Ƿǳߵġ
յҰԼ
˶ɲһ
Цɲһ沿ĵλüΪҪΪֻѡһߣֻһѡĻ̸оͻ뱻֮УܹƽǢϣҪۣеϵ
˵ţͳԼĹӡҵĹӡ
ѾҲֻܽӹӡ

沿
ףףذϼҵˣ
ֻһУһʮ꣬޺ڰײӵʵ
Ǻ沿Ĵӷ
ݳ㿴ʲô
ӹһȵⲻǴƹӡô
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ףǻɵĹӡ
ޱȣֵѵ
ͷ˴ƻɺյĹӡңվǺ沿
ʲô
ɫ䣬ΪյƻҵһʷǺ³ЭҲ˵յĴҲ֪ǰʹΪκյĹӡڸС
δϸ˵ֻϣҼһ档
ʱԼ׼棬õǺ沿֧֡
ͷ
ǸףɺٹҲغ͹УǱެ񣬶ҷٹǱ߸ոմϢл벿ҲѾͶغ͹󣬼ͶƣҲԶˮȲ˽Ǹ޷غ͹ެл
˼õΣ
βץҲغ͹̸е
üƬ̣ץ벻ץܵһ档


1368 һ
ľƿνǧ򻯣»⣬˶ھУգҪ˵ջ»һصӣľ棬ûκһ˸¶עһ￴öں沿ԣҲˣ¹Ȼûˣ¹ȻެѡⲻѡǺմǴƣƻû䣬ǵϵһ۹
գ
ŰʿǴԵɽһľɽ֮С

һ£ֳһ˵֪ںδ
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Ŀȥֻһվڰɽϣͷʾ⣬ûмգ˳ɽ䣬ʲȻŵ߰˷֡
ҲʶգСףֻթ˵
ԵЩԥ
ԱͻȻǰ𻰡
һ㶣ٿգֻɽǵ˵ͷŷš
Ǹס
û£ɱҵֵǮˡ
ЦЦִʮǰ
еʮಽֻֻͣһСµɽǷ
ȣʴ˺ղԼ¡չһ
Ϊ¹ȻԭƶȣҲΪ
æµֻңңʴƳһλӢţ׹յü鴫
̫ᣬǼΪټģѾ˵ˣʱǸеǳȡ

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ǰеüԶͣ
֪ǳæµ¾Ϳżɽˡ˵һЦؽҲѾµΪԼˡ
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һЦȻɶѾ֪ǻԼ
ЦΪṩһѡġ
¶ɫԸꡣ
ԵúֻܵҪެɱǴҾͶȨֻҪȡıۣȻȡ֮ɡ
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뿴Ͷغ͹¹Ȼؽôʱެͳغ͹һܣغ͹ֻһܣܺõȥأެһҪռ¹Ȼ룬ʵҴƵôһͱΪҪެ˲żüã»ҲҪһʼһͷò˶ãެ˽ȡ׵ͳ
ЦҴƿûռ¹Ȼ˼ȻĻԪ˧ռ󣬾Ͳ뿪ˡǴƸӲϣެռǴƻȫֺ֧뻯ԸΣ֮ʣ뻯Ļطٹǣ뵽ʱѡǽĪˡ
⻰٣ûдռȫ¹Ȼ룬ƵĿľ˿֮·˵¹Ȼ룬ֻռһСأҲ۷һ
ΪҪռһһǳѵ£Ͷǳʱβ¹Ȼȥǣެǻƺ⡣ʵެ¹Ȼ֮ĺܶսģǸרҼģΪʵۣҲ۲ŴԣıԶǣҲֻܹοûҲûҪĻ»Ҳô棬Ҫˣ߿ͬԸ㣬ξͲ̫ܣҲεŵ㣬ǳ֪֮ЩʵۣҲҪ棬ͽԼˡ
һ̸ҲԿ治ߣΪ֪ôȥƽ⣬Ҳûз䡢ţ޼ɵǿתıƣ»޲һĹ޼ɣֲó޼ɣյ̳ϧ»Ϻ꣬øˡ
һ˿̵ζǴƵȫֻ֧֣ǧ𣿡
պǺǵǲǺ뻯۷ݵĽӴ鷢̫ͻȻˣǴһͣ¹Ȼެìܣʴ˳Ҳô죬Һ뻯¹Ȼ룬ҴĲǴơҲ¸ףò˶ãǴƾͽȫ뻯Ȩڸެս
ЦֻµȵǴƳʲôѾˣɺ¹ȻȺףҪֵסެֻǲܵģ뻯ļǧӣл벿򲻹
ЦСǴˣҴƹ䲻˵׾ٵެҪ߽ެĽҲʲô¡ֻнԸæ뻯һ֮Ѹٶطٹǣȶס󷽣ެĻͽҰɡұ֤ެԽǴ
ʵȻܹסެô뻯·ٹҲʲô£ΪҪң
յԭһ仰ô˵ţһｵһغ͹ȷʵûа취ԷެˣҵǿɵסֻǻҪһʱ䡣ˣһϣܹɢϢǰ¹Ȼ뽫ʿ˵ƾѾ뾳뻯ƽҡ
¶ԥ֮ɫ
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ü˼ãʵ˵غ͹ңô֪ǴƲң
ЦкܶɿԻش𣬵ǹؼңǷΣһزش⣬ûκ塣κⲢѡѾ͹Ǵռ¹Ȼ룬Σغ͹󷢶䣬¿϶һȺĸὫŵ²˶Ϊغ͹лЩ˸𣿾Ͷ𣿶뻯Ŀǰֻƣʱ뻯Ԯ֣һ뻯ɹȨ˽˭ԭһɾӣ˵ôһ
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յһĿҲΪ˶ԸެʵҲһʹѣǵĳͻɲκӰ죬صƣһҵĻɣҲ޾ӣްգǲģһ˵һ̣ˣǻȥƣʱ˲ҴƵҪְλ
֮Ҳܺ棬Ϊ˹Ĵ£ϧðôΣգʵûжĹϵ
һЦӦõ֪Դɱ£ʱҲڳҪҵֻˣ˳ҿ϶ҪҲôҵĻȥ
ĬΣһҪһ¡
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˵ͷǰһ𸴡
ȵߺ󣬳˶ԣӦ𣿡
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յûкĻĻѡվڴߣƸԣѰȶެɽƧѰţǼ沢ެǱţǿ϶ʿ䣬˵»޻ϧʱ˵ôⲢѡ񡣡
˶ެռȨͶެٲ֮֡
ЦҲŻһҵɱֵǮˡ
˶һ㶣ֻΪ˽㡣
̫˽⺫ˣտڿ˵Լ̰ʵһǳðյˣӱݣɱԼʷǺ³նڲ
бĿһƣЩ˵Ͷˡ

ǱصӪʵףǺ˵
յ˼򵥵ĸ˵һ顣
ϾᣬźҲͦģǸδģ
üǴʱͶغ͹ôĽȨؽǲɱȫѡվڴߣôпܻެսƾһ䣬޷սʤެģƳԮҲһܹȲʤȯϾެѾռȻб
׵˼Ͷغ͹󣿡
ҡҡͷͶغ͹ɱȫ꣬δһùΪǲһֱֿ֧ɺģվڴǱߵĻȻĿǰȽΣգһͦһأôδӽùࡣ
˵۶ӣɫͻȻüᶨ̽غ͹ȫץȻټٹǣַغ͹󡣡


1369 ʱת
𾪲ѣæȰ˵ףҪҪٿһ£Ϊ㸸ѾҲӦ뺫һ£Ҳһʱ
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ա
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һѾʱתˡ
˶ԭҲ
յȻΪΪδߡ
˶һۣ˵ˡ
ǺջݣСģٷۣһҲɰ
˶浱һۡ
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ңңºաµЩ֣Ϊҵĵ˽ǹⲻȥ
ʮŵģغ͹ЩֻŮˣǿɲСѾȮǰȥӦò󡣺ɣ롣
һ˸ո׼Ӫһɳ۹ֻһµ첽ߵǰߴ˵һͨ
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һЦϢ洫Ϣɶƾʿ֭޴л벿
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ϵһԱ󽫵Ҳɶлٹǣغ͹ֵˡ
պǺǵҲվߵġ
һʤҲôͷϵʱɢЦС
һ͵غ͹󲻹С󣬲ֵһᣬؼǰߵެ
ԣغ͹󣬼ֱ練ƣɵĻެⷽơ
ﲻ֪ʲô˼νȰڣ¹Ȼһɢɳҽȡø뻯ϵ󽫾ô󽫾ͳ˧ȫӡ
ڨڨʱҿˣҲδ˻ҵġ֪֮ͦġ
ЦĻǾͿ϶û˻Ļٻ˿ܻңԸǣƽ¹Ȼ룬ֻҪǲͶܹΪӮ㹻ʱ䣬ǵʤ֮ס
˵ͷ
ʱһ˼˽ߴ˵˼䡣
üͷһ壬˵һ䡣̳ȥˡյɣ¹ȻǵĿҽ˴Ԯ˵ެѾƽ¹ȻˣϣܹԮǡ
һԵ¹ȻǾһ¹ȻǱެƣôެֱӴ
˶Ҳпһı
ͷ˵е
˶ʵȥ¹ȻǱ߽棬ǳİնǨǴͿ¹Ȼǵؾû˺֮ǣǿԾެɽˣΪӮñʱ䣬Ҳ¹Ȼǵؾᶨվߡ
һ˵յɣǴƹԻΪ˶治ǺһλڣȷʵҲˣоֹıǿˡ
ЦЦ˼ҿǵʵ۵ˡͬҲಿ䣬Ǻ·ҲǸӼᶨĶԿެԡ
ʱһԱͻȻǽĲǾͲ˵ˣ¹ȻǿвˣȫǨûôʳ
üͷһ壬ʵʳеģϾǴǷٹһߣط֣ŲٵĸأǲͲ֮䣬Ǹܸģһͳһ֧䣬ƾʲôҵʳǡ
۳˶棬漴ЦٶҸ˵ġ
Ľɵˣ⡪˵ģöǮ룬ظˡ
Ҫ֪ެһö˿ֻҪܻ㣬ƶ฻УһôǮ嶼ҪǮһЩ϶ѡ
ȻԸΪ򵥣İɳ˶Ľ飬ͬʱǱҲ뻯ȡϵȻһжɺΪóľǱߺ뻯Ҳһɺճ棬Ҳ˳µ¡
ʵڸʱ䣬ҪެִǴʱطٹǣĻ÷ǳ⡣
֮ϲǺ뻯治յյźֵõĶ֧֣һʱʿ̷ƽѴ󽫾Լͳǧƾսݣܿ㽫л벿ֱƷٹǡⶼΪ¹Ȼ룬ռ¹Ȼһ۷ݱ¹ȻģٹǷǳⶼȱǵǻۣ¹Ȼгһѱ䣬ͿԹ¹Ȼ׶
غ͹ʮþȣΪΪûѡأţ֪ͻȻٹǣǱߺ뻯ֲƽֵˣֻд»

ˮӸ
࣬²ˣ
ذϹֱӳ»޵ڡ
»˯һۣһʵʲôأ
ذϹȽһźȥغ͹ĸ漱š
»̽ӹ漱ŴһƬ̣㽫źһģغ͹
ôõľƣ˵Ӯ棬ǲһĶ֣һĶ֡
ذϹȵ࣬غ͹󲻹һˣʲộ϶ǿסģһһЩҥԡ
ʲôҥԣ
˵ƽԮ뻯
⹷ƨͨ
»޵ƵƶĺܣϢƶûдȵƻʵ۾¹Ȼ룬ҪʱգҴҪԭʿ¹Ȼ룬ôͻȻԭʿ޷ӦߵⲻΪǡԣⶨǺôûнСӸɱˣŹȻһ
ذϹȵǺ뻯ȷ۷ݽǧ
»޵۷ݴʷô
ûС
ǲˡ
Ǵ࣬㿴ôյİϷǿϢôǵսɲôס

»̾˿ⶼҲʧı˲ȡ֮ߣʹͶ˲ʱաެһӼӺ棬Ūô£Է̾ͻͶϾ¹ȻͷĶûУ˭㣬ƾһֵסެ̫ԼıѾʮþȣսĻ˸Է̸һ䣬϶ҪֱӴȥҪһЩⷴ˺һЩϢ֮аԼ̫ˡʵ¹ȻǵΣ
ذϹȵ֪ΪʲôǰǿƺѾ˵ˣȴǵ˸˳ҿŴƻġ
»޵ˣҪٸǴǺ뻯طٹǣһ¹Ȼ룬ֻҪۣȰң⣬䣬սսȥĪţֻҪռܹǴֹܹʯɽԶĲǰԮ
ذϹƵ࣬Ѿ΢ĸı䣬ٲȡսжԷ»
»۵пǡ


1370 ѩϼ˪
Ǵ
뺫ա˶ڴ棬ս£ɱѾ˷ٹΧҸպôǴڷٹǵϱߣ۷ڷٹǵıߣຣܱγһΣ˵ȻĺΧٹѾ֮ֻʱ⡣
֣ȴɱֻެ֮þƣȴǱǳ
ຣ¹ȻĺģرģǷƣެһ֧ӣΪҶˮЩһһƴҵ׶ƴòࡣ
üͷҲû˵ʲô

̽ͻȻộ󽫾ެͻȻıȥĪš
ʲô
ٿȻѵ¹ȻѾأ
ûУֻǰ¹Ȼҽ
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һԱ󽫵󽫾ǷɱȥԪմĪš
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ֱӵ¹ȻľƸ᧿ΣΪĵ˲غ͹󣬶ެŵ²ˣԵطĲ˾ԮǶûǣŴǴǺ뻯˴Ǵ֧ԮûڷٹǶһա
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ԶԶȥֻһĸʮٸףͷײ޷ߣüĿӣǱߴһ˿ˣȣһƥϣԶԶȥ˴ԼӢˬ
ҵˣͦǿġռ뻯Ȼ𾴣ɷ򡢶ӸҲñ˸ˣֻһӣ£˶һܳܵˣοһŮӡ
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˵ţ㱧ȭһ
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뻯ֻ̾ϧû׽סֻ»º󻼡
ΪǱΧǣغ͹УܻУΪԼ׼һ·
æοɶأغ͹ȼ鳼ûнǧйȻϧҲΪǡ
뻯ҡͷ󽫾ɴ⣬غ͹ȻΪǣ֪ǵʵȥͶެǶǷǳġ
ֻƬȴ˶桢ո壬λ򵥰
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ٺòˣ뻯Цެ˱ʮҿҲ׸룬⺮ڣǳѣΪެҲûýֵ׼ֻҪֿܹסެĹƣȵƾһոʧǾ⣬սǱʤ
е飬Ҿôһ˵㻹ˡ
ܹסެ
뻯һЦо̽ʱ˺ͣǴθӣѹֻҪŽһģһܹס
ŽһģܹסôȥأҲû˵Ǽʿ
ҲףǾḻ־£ûдƵԮǲܴӮȣغ͹ǳǴıͲõެǲѣǸѣغ͹ݶˣʿģûʳ˭Ը̡


1371 ǳֶ
Ȼֱջˣոٹ֮¹Ȼ뽫ʿʿǣ뻯ҲͻǣټƾԮ¹ȻϢõǣѾһЩ䴫ʾԼԸֺ֧뻯ֻҪ뻯һ£
ʵЩ䵱Ȼϣެռ¹Ȼ룬ϵ¹Ȼǵĵλ൱ެռĻǾµˡ
ֻǰƷƱãҲɵɺ̫Ӷɱֱ޷ģۿ¹Ȼ˲Ҫɻ𣬿϶ΪԼ㣬ֲͬˣǱģȻн٣Ҳ֪ƵʵƳĻпܵסެ
ܱߵĲıǴǴȴҹ¡
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˼ƭǵģǿ϶סެĽԮӦøϽ˲ǡ
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ΣһֵˣɺͿɶصɱǵֵǮˣҪһҪ߾һߣʲô˵ţСɵ˿ǡ
ףǵĵ̣ǵˣǵһһӲǵ˫ۡ
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һ㶣ŶˣϾңڴƹȻҲ˽⣬ǰô˵ֻΪȶġЦͦ˽ƵĹ顣
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յͷ
뻯ԮδֻΪʱެǱбƲִٳҲ˵ܼܲʱϵ㼰ʱϵֻҲӦ򡣡
Цģа취ֻǻҪȴһЩʱա˶٣ֵ֮£
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УҲһ鸾ˡ뻯ǵʱ򣬿Ҳδų
յǳʱ̣÷ǳֶΡ˷ս¹Ȼ룬һܹެ»أެҰģֻ²ʹ˰ݵģҪƵİΪɺĻʼĽݼҵѪǱҵ£ʹæֻ´Ҳֹģǹ̳кλĻǾǴҵѪһֺ˵һˡ
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Цǲ˵Ȼ˵Ļβ¹Ȼ벢ƣαضһˡ
뻯΢΢һ
ֵ֮Թ˵ΪΪô˵ںԴ
ʬ׶֪ͽмҵøƣҲ̫壬ҿ϶¹Ȼڲ϶˷ԵģǼȲ뱻ެͳΣȻҲ뱻ͳΡ
뻯ȵ֪ʲô
ΪⲢѲ¡
յҲ㽻ף֮ԲԸռ¹Ȼ룬ΪһΪƵԭͳΣǱެֱӳͻϾǴެòײŽõĹϵ˭Ҳƻ֮׵ĺƽ
뻯ˣƾϣ¹Ȼǰ浲סެԼĻݣ¹ȻˣȻǳŭңȻô룬ʼһ鸾ˣҴӦ¹ȻҲӦġ
Цɲһ˶Ӧ
ƾʲôƶһӦ
ܼ򵥣
Цȣøлغ͹Ĺףҿ˵ȡȨ֮󣬾̲켺ĽڳеѾһɶΣף֪ʣΣʱͦȻ󣬹סǵĶ飬ӿɲһһӼλ϶Ǹ׽ߵĴ󳼣ĽϣЩˣӵΪɺǹȻǡ˵ֱӵĻǴƵĹ治ûͦ
˹ǲ򵥣뻯˺һۣԥΣٿǿǣڻĿǰΣ˵
յͷǹӦ׼ʱһެ˱̻ÿ̲ݻǱҪȾͶԱá
뻯ͷ

ެӪ
غ͹ʧˣʵ࣡
һڣֻһŻ̵վ»ǰǸոմӷٹӳغ͹
ϣ֣ǸʲôⶼҵĴδܼʱϵվ˵»˵һغ͹ֲ
Եĸǣ׷¶֮ɫһˣȻһŮ˸ܣ㻹˼ǸӺ»޶ɥ֮Ȯӣغ͹Ѿûɶˣ˷ʳ
»޲ұֵķǳǳУϵİοغ͹ʺûˣŻĵزһʺ»ֵֻģһ㱨Ŷˣ֣ٹһʲô
غ͹æ࣬ȻδסٹǣǵõĲֻһճǡ
˻
ڳ֮ǰѾ˽ȫջ١
»ԲϲûݵľӣǾһֽ֧ϻҪ£úúãʵ̫ˡ˶٣ʵֿ֪Ǵ
غ͹һĵͷʲôûУ»ޡ
ϤǻȻغ͹ļֵǴˡ


1372 
ԭս𣬿ԭնԴһ֪ʱԪѽѾˣֿʼΪµһܶӰյĽǶ㲻˵ε߾Ǵģûʹԭմս֮Уһֱ۸ˣܽ˵սΣǣս
սһҪֽ̬ȣҪ˵ƾڹ˭УҪһ춨ԼķṦΰҵʵǷǳΣյ˼룬øм˷ǳһ̡
Ŭչ꺺һ㣬ܹʱ֣ǵʲõĻǧŵһۡ
Ҳ˵ξһںܶ·棬ñȽϺͿñ˵һ
ӲһȦΤ˼ǫڻص˳ûиϻ꣬ͿóǶôľҵҲǵӼΤ˼ǫ
Ϊľ޲ʤмһмΤ˼ǫ˵
Τ˼ǫȴǴײ·û
Щ±ƣ޵Ŀ佱ʲôʱôֵǮǰˣΤ䡣
Τ˼ǫ̧ͷֱΣ£˷Ѳ飬΢һ˵
ЦҾˣֱ˵ǡɻһڣˣôͽ¸ˡ
Τ˼ǫᣬ΢ΪΪ̹ף䣬ԵԵؼȻʢǣڣˣǾƾʲôҪԳŴˣʱֻҲ˶Դ£һŻԵĳãǲùҵġ
ȻãΤƺ⻰л
Τ˼ǫֵνֱڱǰֱԡ
һ⻰ðɣֱֱԣǹǻһӣָΤ˼ǫ⻰˵޾Ĳ㡣
Τ˼ǫͦأ巽ֱˣɽΣֲɵֱԣ²ϲȶòԹɫķСʹĴô
⻰˵߯ҲˣҧгݣӶŭΤ˼ǫ˵ϽǸ
ҪΤ˼ǫµûɾͲô˵ˣֱͦ壬ֱΣ˵ɱҰ
緢ʱ˰ռĶضѣΤ˼ǫģﵯο
˴۵Сۡ
ؼΤ˼ǫҲûеƣҲ÷ΪҲ˼˵Ǵﶼ
ðΣμ˲ҪˣҲ֪ǸɶˣԤϵҲģ׼Ǿӣȣ˼ƽϣˣֵոջˣȥϢɡ
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Τ˼ǫɱ֪ô޲ɱôΪҶˣҪ
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Τ˼ǫһ¹ȻǱߵܺɫһȻΪأҲûж˵ˣվһԡ
ܿ죬ܺͳˡ
δܺһأ¶֮ɫ
Τ˼ǫúǺ棬Сʵ£ʲôأ
üͷԴ˴ɱˡ

Τ˼ǫһ


ǴνȫܶԱӽ޽£ڳ׼ެս׵üơ
ǣެлҪÿ죬Ϊ»޵õغ͹鱨Ҳ֪¹Ȼʵ´Ī֮ɨҶ죬Ĳ䣬һٹƴǴǰߵأֱƴڣԲһެĺ沿ʿǽڽڰˣ»޶ڴǴָƣǿͼڴôù
Ҳò˵һ䣬һ֧ެսȷǳ£ΨдĲܹ֮
ҪٲУǾ͵óˡ
˶򵽸ǰˣ˶ҲԵЩżΪȥǻܰɣðգӱʮ겻Ҳûɶϵ
ɫһۣͻȻ˰
һ˽
մӻͳһݸ˵ȥ͸ެࡣ
ǡ
ǽõű˳ȥ
˶ȥѯʵĿ⡣ָô棬ɣ

˶滹Ϊʲôƣȴû뵽ôһ仰ɼɫأҲǿЦġ
һͻȻɣ˵ոһȥެǱߡ
յͷ׼ȷ˵һս飬һƽҪެսս顣
־ϲ


ףף
Ϥ»޵ӪڣǺǱһţ˵Ҫս
»𾪲ѣæ콫øҿ
Ϥæŵϡ
»ùһ˼ˣެֻҪެҪԽǴڴڣƽެս
ɾ⼸֣»ȴǿá

غ͹˼̵ۣ࣬ǺŻ˵ģڷٹǵһֱڴƾ򣬾ǳҲǰд۷ݽǧ۷ݴʷûг棬ɼƸûެս˼
ϤҲףҲһֱ¤ҵ̽Ϣ¤ҵ޶ҪެսĻضʵȷʸҴƵĹо񶨵ǳ¤ңһûСҲΪǺŻ˵ġ
»˵ͷлһЩǡ
ʱһ첽ڣ࣬ǰ̽һЩƾʿڴǰһƾġ
ƾģ»üͷϤȥô¡
ǡ
ȵϤ뿪֮غ͹»޵࣬һƣǴѾǵ֮ƳҲˣֻҪƴǴǿɾӮˡżΪԭ»޵ĳŵغ͹ͳ¹Ȼ룬һȨ
»΢΢ЦȻ֮ҲͲһʱˣҿ˵ɡ
С죬ϤصӪУףȥʱ˺ա
»ɫһп
Ϥ÷ǳһǺգġ
»޵ʲô
ϤѲӣûдþͻȥˡ
»΢һңһŲǼٵġ
ϤףǸô죿
»˼ΣԼдһŹȥʴΪʲôҪô¹Ȼ뷽ƻЭֱ壬Ҳ߻ɱʹެڴƣҪެսʵ˲ʲ֮٣ϣܹһ͡

ܹܣެš
һʿڣһŵݸա
һֵȥˡ
뻯ȵûп
ЦÿҲ֪дʲô˻öġ˵ţ˴°ͣЦģڵʤԽԽˡ


1373 ٣
»һŹȥ·һ㣬һûС
ެʿѾȲˣۿʤȴֹǰǷǳѽ⣬Ҫ֪ެľǶūͳģǿҲǺǵģʱʱ̶̿ڴϤϽǵÿ㽫¹ȻϴһգΪ»һֱھУû¶棬ֻĻݣֻϤ
ϤֻϵƵףôȥҲһ취ѽۿҪ¹Ȼˣ˵Ǽ٣սǾʹɣǿɷյެҪٿƵɫˡ
»޵һصļƻ¹Ȼ룬ûг¹Ȼ֮ǰ˸ƿսΪܱߵĲ仹δǣһƫƣôǵĲ޷ǰߣ¸ƿսֻʮѵľء
ϤôȥҲǰ취ײҲǣһٶЪ˥ôȥֻ»Ҿʿ
»ü˼Ƭ̣ȥдһŸգ˵ެΪе뷨ֻǲ¹Ȼ룬úվ뿪Ǵ֮ǽȡ
ǣ
ȥţյǿˣֵ֮ݸ뻯ʵެܹضã
һԡ
뻯̽ŵݸ
գ¶ɫ˼ެ֪Ҿʵ治˵
յ˵ֿܹã
˼ʮա
ʮտǷǳ֮ˡʵаյֿµʮ죬ֻԼһء
ˣ
ŵʮ㹻ˣʮ֮ڣԮؽϵ
룬ӰӶûУ˵ʮˣһ¿¶ϲ
뻯ͻȻҪҪ»ެǱ߻طš
Цˣ»Ϻɹȥɡ
֮󣬺˶СҰصԼڡ
֮ެĽˣĻެս𣿡˶ʵ
üͷϵһһհɡ
˶ǲҲҪó˵Ĵ㣿
ղδش⡣
ϵûûд»޴ʱǳڴյĻţܵø̬ȣǵ죬δյţҲڴġͻʵƺެƬΪǿȨǻƴĻǿɾǴˣ˭Ҳս
úսµ߯ҲˣҲ϶ŻģֻԴƣﻹ顣
˵գǱ߻ûлţެʿѾĥˡ
ףҶѾ׼ˣֻҪһ£֤֮ڣܹƴǴϤȫװ»޵Ӫڡ
»淺ݣ۶ӣϲòͷշʱ֣ʼһҪսپ
֪ˡ
Ϥһȭ뿪ˡ
»üգֻŻҵҪ˵ĻδҲ̫С»ˡ
ʵսԲģǺյһŶѣ˭˭ɵϣ»޶ں˽ģΪղֺ̫ܻ޼ԭȻΪΪԼȡܵʱ䣬͸˺գϽܣҲɱ㣬ɴǴҲûг˵ļǳã
գʱ֣еĻѶδ£ެѾ׼ֻ˧һ¡
е¹Ȼ뽫ʿҲǾ˵ĵ뻯ָӽʿӭУǴѾˣۿ¹ȻȨѾ±ϡ
ٽʱˡ
һϤ
Ϥͷǧһ֮ʣһƥＰʱϵٽٽ
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ϤǰСٽȫ̻Ӫ
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˵²֪
ϤǲԸݣⶼˣȻ̫ˣǷԸȫڴ˴ȻԼһСӻؾӪ
ЩūɵˣʲôͶڳˣ㾹ȻڿЦɡ
ףף
ϤѾˣҲֱӴ»޵ӪʣףΪʲô
»ָָϣǱ߸ոմӼźԼɡ
Ϥ£Ȼźһ־ȵ»޵ף⡪
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ʱûдެԿҲȥˣϾԼռôһأܵ÷ֵ˼ެϾެҲǺǵġ
ϤˣôǱͻȻսˣѵǷսģ
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»̾˿ҲãҲգֻǵΪֹˡ
Ϥʵף¹ȻѾǵ֮ˣôܾô׵ķŹ
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ǲһн¹Ȼ룬Ʋæãһսǵʮؽ˵أƿԵɳսô죿նƴɣһ·´ǵľȥҴƻԳݣǵĺ·뱱ߵмϣγɰΧ֮ơ˵Ҳһ䣬ʱðȥһ̣֮٣Ϊûⷽ׼¹ȻѾһϢӲдһҲ졣
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ĳڣǰԲ
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˶涼ЦҲûоԵİա
վ㡪˵ʲô˳أ
ͷ
͵յɣĪǴƵԮˡ
δ䣬һƾ˽ɣԴʷˡ
ףԮˡ
ƵԮûѽ
𣡡մ˸ȥӭԴʷˡ˵գͼææȥˡ
Ҳæ˳ȥ
ӪʣǴߣԶԶһ߼۶ΪһݴʷĿҲǧˡ
Żˣƾʲôʱôˣǧ˾ͽެˡ
һԳոǰµɫɣɡ
Գúգ־ϲɱ
Դʷ
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Ǿͺãյסˣǧ˵ҵģ˵ͷӣ˾ŴѾݡ
Գһ±ƵΪʲô
յٸͣסˣ˵ˡ


1374 һЩ
ԳոոǴµĸ·ûôϢ˶κκģʲôûŪֻܰպ˵ȥߺ뻯ǡ
뻯˵ܣǳ˷ܣɾǸģǶľ²ܻǷǳͬġϣܹһոʧء
ˣձʾƾûн¹Ȼ룬ҪĻֻܱެȿ˵ɡ
뻯֪ƳĹ飬ҲЩɣҪԴ⣬ެɻûгߣʱпܿս
ȵ̸֮󣬳ôʣԳźߵһߣСʵɣ⾿ô£˾տɻݵˡ
С˻Ÿ˾գ˵Ʒһ仯ܻתģҵüެ
ת
Գ¹š
˵꣬ձҵȻٸ㣬㽫Ӱں󷽣Էֹʲô⡣
¹
ԳƬ̣˶˹鲻ô򵥰ɡ
бĿһƳ̾˿µû֧ԮǵģӦǳ˵ġ˵ţֽŵľ˳˶档
ԭԳˣ֧Ԯ¹Ȼģ֧Ԯ¹Ȼ룬ĻôȺպͺ뻯ȥģտǵ࣬Ҫûоȳգɱѽƴĸ·
ⶼΪдεܺ˵¹ȻΣգ˵ŵ²ɱ¹ȻѾͷ֮ߣѾΪެȴ˶ʮǰƲǳ¹ȻģпܻС
⵱ȻŻεģެȻʮ»ûȫϣϰԼຣ齵ĲӣƶûʮΪֻҪһɱɹغ͹¹ȻѾ֮Ҫɺܶ
λųһ亹ŵ²ɱ϶ʵտɲѣҪѣ϶۾֮ڶʮŴ̱ϲͲƭô˵ζԣ̫ͻȻˣּдެôಿӣһ·ͱź¤ˣҲ±ƣⲻԾѽôһ·ˡ
ɲܲһެ¹Ȼ룬ֻҪģ˳¤ҵͿֱӴ򵽹ȥɾڹѽ˵ҪУ൱ѵģǲܣΪȫ񳬹һ㶼פڹеǹغΣο϶Դ⣬ǸϽر߹أΪҲǲ²⣬û˵һǳģҲ˵ƾ²ʹȥֻ˵ȷţ׼ⱻެֲ
ɴ˿ɼѾ¹Ȼ롣
⺫Ҳϵˣ֪дŻȥγԮ¹Ȼ룬˵δ𲻴Ӧٴ϶ǷԾӶģΪøԣ˭̣˵ެûаգެôöԸĻҲڴʤ£Ӧެôȵ͢нˣƻ˶ˡ
ŻѡŻΣެУ˵δ𲻴ӦҲߴθϽɱȥأغ棬϶ֲͬˡ
ͬʱջдնм󣬸ެҪˣǸϽެΪǿǣެڱǷֱΧκԡΪ֪ο϶ѡأһܹƭù»ޣߴһ£ӣ»Ϊ׼ȻĻôͻȻˡ֮һֱʱ䣬ڵնмΪŹȥҲҪʱģҲҪʱġ
ʵûаնмܹެ´Ǵ֮ǰ˳˶漸ѯĻش𶼺ܱأʼûзѡ
ںննмжҪǵưʷǺ³ǿɾﳼǹټϺ¤ҵоܹܣȨɾӣǶ˼ţ̾ެ΢ԥôһ¾Ϊʱˡ
˶󣬵»ûϵѡĻô죿
պԥȻܣ
˶һ㶣û뵽ջشôɴࡣϸһ룬Ҳ׹ûó׼֧ԮҲˣֻܣûб·ѡˡ
˶֪»һϵ
Цô»Ϊʲôɹ˵»֮ԸôǶΪֵĵ飬֪ҴƲ󶯸ɸ꣬ҶҲǳϸ˽⣬Ҳ֪ά״ġ϶ϵǰһͣģҲĹŸڲ֣һ˫񡣵Ƿ룬㹻ǿĻҪôΣ赶ɱˣɱڣֱӽˣΪʲô
˶ΪҲɵǴơ
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ò˵һ䣬ĻЩ»ˣϤȨпܸսɾ͵òʧˡ˶ЦջӮˡ
Ҳ˵Ӯֻ΢һ棡̾˿һսô˵»޲Ѵ֮ɱ˺ԴԼӣش¹Ȼ룬һռ˷ǳҪĳˮԴ¹ȻĴֻøѣ¹Ȼ벻ܰǴƣҼпܳΪǵ׸
˶ѵ㲻¹ȻسˮԴ
Ҳ֪ȻˣǾ͵̸ġ
տЦȻᾡȡ»Ϻ꣬ѾԵ˵⣬Ҫ³ֻǷǳѡ

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ϤǸףǿһֱˣͻȻǰߣֻ˵ȥ
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ǣ¹Ȼϵ⣬ûȨȥ̸УҲȥ˵ģû˻Ὣǵһ£¹ȻɾʣˣҪǿƸެĲġ
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˶ͷȴ룬˵»޽ƻ͸ԼҲడ
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뻯һ̧ۣɣҲ棬ɱɱ֮ü仰ܹĨȥģ»ȥ̸Ҳȥģ¾ͻͷɡ
һЦǴ˰
̨ҵ̫ˣսǺͣǿ̸ģɱɱ֮ǾƲܽģг𱨳ԹԹһ̸׵ġ
˵뻯΢΢һֱΪ¹ȻҾźɻΪ¹Ȼġ
Ȼ˵¹Ȼ뽫ʿġ
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1375 ̸лǽ
ȻѾ˹ʶҼȥʱûʲô壬ߺܿԼʱȱ衣
صӪм䣬ÿֻ׼һˣȸʮȥԷǱפأ۲ûаˮԱҪǳ֮ϸⶼǺҪģʵҲǰз»޺òҪȻɱֶΡ
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Цᡣ
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յɱǣ»޿һδ֮ˣҪıǻһЩҲ̫һ㡣ſˣ»һλƵҲһЩ
˶һЩɣһյ֮ˡ
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˳˶һۡ˶ĿǰС»ޱһ֮ѣܲµҲϡ档
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»æԴӵʬף˷ѩɽϱţǻˣʬ׻δã뻯ҪǲĻȥȡԴŲٶԹԹһֱܾԴֻϧԴһ˽ܣر޳ܵСϣʵϧѰ
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˶浱Ȼûд
ȵ»Ū֮󣬼˲ŷ׷»ӲźԼϣ·̸еģྵģһ̸еնûС
»źյĸ첲˵ɣܷ̹ʸ˵Ƿǳ
ܹ̹ʸ˵ôѾȻһУյû뵽»޻ôһУɲ̸ѽƺĵģԴҲתò̸ı˼·࣬˵ˣȷʵǵΪе˼ҿɺոձɱǾ˱Ҳ̫ˡ
Ϥ̵ɴԲӣެǻгȥ¹Ȼ̸ģҲǳмֹܹû뵽޾ҴɱҸףǣ֪Դûйϵ˭ܱ֤ⲻ¹Ȼڲ˲ݵģȻǲʣͲܹǲ塣
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»̸飬û׼
»޼ɣҪ࣬Ϊе뷨ԸȥʵǵʱԲڴֻܽȨӣҪᷢչֵز
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յҵȻŴ࣬ŲãĹؼҪƳҲܸ
»޵ǲ֪кδ㣿


1376 ˮ©
ĳЩǱȽ޳ܵģǧ޻ǱѰҪôһ㣬ʥȥƭô֮еΪһ㣬ΪƭյǮרƭǮ˵Ǯ֮ԻٸƶȻƶҲǼԼǲôڼ»֪֮һɽһɽߣǿиǿ֡
̸ּУغһҵĴӲ»޵ĳһָķΧֻġҿ¹ȻûȻĻǵñɣ̫ˣ̸̸У̸ѽǹҵİΣȲ֮α顣
Ҵ̸Ӧ໥̽һҵĵߣøûѺոɵˡ
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ֵǣǰһ̸УأǱϾţɺԴӶɥĽҪӿˣʱެٽⲻ侮ʯôҪȥˣܱߵھֻ룿
˵ֱһ㣬ǴƵİһֱΪƺެĹϵѾ˵ң㣬ǶһˣΪެȷ黹죬Ҵиʲô紵ݶެ᲻Ҳ侮ʯأ
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Ȼسģ֮βռ¹Ȼĵ̺ͷ²ȫ黹¹Ȼ룬Աֳһ⣬Ҳ֤û¹Ȼⲻһģ˵ǳӵһТġ
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֪ϢּŭɱǵĿɺҲˣҪռ˴Īź¹ȻǣڴǴܴðģǳž͵Ҽˡ
뻯ΣȻެһҧЩͶǵģôǲҲ˵Ըٻص¹Ȼ룬ôެͱǻ
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æкܶಿ䶼¹ȻģϢǣһġ
Ļǿɾͺðˡյͷֵ¾͵ͷ󽫾ˡ

̸֮ȥȥϵҪ¹Ȼ롣˶桢СҰصԼڡ
»ϼ޻û뵽һ㣬˵ɹ˶浭
̾˿ܵȥһԣȻĻǻΪûоˡ
˶ҲѾ뵽ˡ
յ˵Ҫ»Ϻ꽫̽Ķ³ǲܵģҪոЩ˳޵ڶѡ񡣲û̽ȥģǿȡһ¡
˶ָ¹Ȼǣ
յͷѾǰȥ¹ȻǶս

ǱϤ»޸ӻӪʺϤҲǳ׵ףǿɻռαضԺСϥ⺢ǲ⡣
»ڴߣһŮͰűſɲ˵Խɱ㸸Ҫö࣬ʮнճΪһԣ㸸ίʲôȻûд˺ƤûάѺùϵ
ϤǺƺһҪֻЩ̣ײ뻹ȥɣ
ԽĶ³ĵ»޺ǺһЦѾ˿סЩֻҪЩҪ齵ެǾɲЩػ¹Ȼ룬Ҳûа취
Ϥף¹ȻǿɻûйƣѾǿ֮ĩǿװɰˣðȡ¹ȻǣһǺչǣǿƸռ¹Ȼǣ¹ȻҲǵ֮ʱȡ
»Ц¹Ȼҵ֮ֻҹⲻðռ¹Ȼǡ
ϤΪҪ
»޺Ǻǵ̸ܵóһЩܱ˶ռˡ


1377 һ
纫ϵǰ㣬ȥ˵ˣһɹǵˣЩĽֻ֪ŴƱϥȴӲЩϡ
ֻٲǳģٲУǵʹĲ䡣
ʵʵ˵¹Ȼ󣬶¹ȻƻެҪö࣬ɻţʮ֮࣬Ļץץ˶ʮ˵þ͸ˣȻ͸Ӳ˵ˣǾǸϾɱΪǶսʽǺýƫ棬;ϮػսֻͨǴľ񣬿û̫ķ²ΪƲסֻɱˣ¹Ȼв˶ڴƸǳޡ
Ǵ˻¹Ȼ룬ϾҶʱ壬ެͬ壬Ҳûа취ެĴ󵶾ǵͷϣң»޻ĶһǰߣƵ˷ָĵز˭˵Ҫ¹Ȼ룬Ǵ󵶾Ϳ˭ͷϡ
ңຣѾ׵ެǲתģΪެຣ˳ģ¹ȻԼҲġңެǣʱǰµĵľףŽ»޾ȳľԸ齵ެôľҲ»޵ľˣ»޾ὫԼľ˸ຣެôںĪԼܱߵһЩͱɱ߽ǻص¹Ȼ룬»ެֻúܲң¹Ȼɾûެȥ롣
ԭһ˵ǳʧܡ
Ҳ¹Ȼ¸еǳɥûȥҪެ黹Щˣ˼ҶĽɹެԸ⣬˫ҲΣǿԼ췴˵ˣôȥȻ
¹Ȼ⼸ҲǱʱ˼㡣
뻯ΣǿɺµĽʿƾ׳ǽսеԼڡ
ɣʵ˵ҪصϣǲǷǳã뻯żɽʵ
յͷǲܵġ
뻯ǵһ¹Ȼûֿެˡ
յҲú뻯κλһƾܹ˳ĳ㱣¹Ȼ롣
뻯üһ壬յ˼ƵĿܣȻƣϾŵ²ӣ츣¹Ȼ񡭡
һҵǿ󣬲ھ·棬⼸ɱ¹ȻյѾǵ˵׹ȣӦ䣬Ӧýķŵ档гһգڹµԶެͳµҪõö࣬ôһڽյѡڱެٶȻص¹ȻʱԲһһ㽫Щض
뻯ЦԱٸԣҲΪ£˵֮ġ
ЦдԻţܹĽĸ
뻯һ㶣ɵЦЦ˰컹˻ֵһ鸾ˣʲô
յǫˣԹֻҪȥһɹġ⣬Ҳġ
ص㡣
ҪǺûҲλôҪְλ¹ȻأҲǴһݣղǶһݶѣȫûκѶȡ
뻯ͷ
յ˵ǴӦˣ
뻯Ƭ̣ǵ»̸֮˵ɡ
ѹʵԼĲţŮһݣκģֱӳκλδйŮɺǳ顣
»ûԼ̸Уϣܹ֪ѶˣҲˣԼռ̸С
һУ»ɥһ˵ɣԲס㣬Բס°
ȴЦ࣬ެһ֮֮ϣ˭ҲĻ
»ްڰֵĪҪЦˣⱾ¡ɻ֪ެƲ̫һ¹Ȼ뵹ƣһɵģЩಫҲΪٻһʤ̿ƴģȫ黹¹ȻĻǼӦһ£ɻĿҿɲ벽Դĺ󳾡ˣЩѾͶԸٻ¹Ȼ룬ǲضǵԼǾͶެսࡪ
΢΢ü࣬ѴҲ⣬Ļҿɲ½
»һ֪ղپˣ˼ǣҸ˶ûйϵֻģҲڸԼ̨µһɣѾϵ뺫ɰһ취»ŭ¡
ճΣ࣬㿴вЩͻ¹ȻģֻһЩìܣȵì̸ܻ֮
»˼£̵ãͰպ˵ð졣
Ųں˭ģؼ˭ͳʲôûᣬһѾ»ԤƵҪõöˣңܵøϴһӣƶެģôȥ¹Ȼ롣
ֵ࣬˵ǵ˿ɻΧ¹Ȼǣ֪ΪΣ
»̾˿¹ȻǵķެˣǰˣѾǳ룬ǡ
յлֱ˵
»޵ģ峯ʼ봦²һֱ¹ȻǾͼ֮ģֻϣƱܹ¡¶һ·
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»æǾͺãǾͺã
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ﲻ֪ެģҲˣʴ˲Ÿл·ǲƵެֱӳȣܻսѾǱƵɽ£ʱʱ̶̿ǣȻĻмҲôʹ˹ȥ
»ֵɣ໹һϣܹӦ
յ֪Ǻ£
»޵ǹڲɹһ£ǴɵĹϵǳҪã֪ɷӣɸΪ񲯡
յһƱģⲻ󡣡
ﶼףҸܹ˵ڵĽںŪȥˡⳡ̸неķǳ֮죬Ҳǳ֮ãھһףʵ߶Ѿûٴȥ˼ˣ̸ףظңҸ裬Ҹ˵ˣõã̸꣬һ˵ֲԼҵĶ

ΪһУ˭ҡ
˶վ⣬Զȥʵ
յΪʣ˭Ӯҡ
˶¾ɵӶ֪
һЦЦ˭ңÿô¹Ȼ룬ǴӳԶһҴƣ¹Ȼ뱾һܺƺެӣȴΪ˴ެĻشôǰˡ

ףڿʲô
ϤϣΧɼ»ƿģ˹ȥѯʵ
»Цڿ⴨ȵľɫ㿴
ϤĿȥһƬûо
»ֵҺϲпյĻ˵øԼϼƵãؼҿ


1378 ëȻ
̸еĽҲһսѾҪ˵ެռ˺ܶҲǵģΪ»޲֣˼룬ֻǶȡ˹ȡٹǵļ򣬹ؼҪ壬ֻռĺԴɺԴ¹ȻԣǿǷǳҪǾϣҲˣԴضǳຣ»ȷʵֻһСߣȷʵθˣֻ˸ĸ¹Ȼ롣
¹Ȼԣֱ޷ܵģǳܲҲûа취ֻܽʵ⼫¹ȻʵҲ¹Ȼʧȥެˡ
Ҳʹ¹ȻȫͶƵĻҲûѡˣΪһսУѡ˴ƣֻܽԼưһ
սˣ¹Ȼͷȴ£ǸϽȷµĿɺʱһɢɳǾ͸ûˡ
ʵҲܺѡ뻯ӣ˵¹Ȼ벻̫صЩҪ뻯ĶΪɺǲڴƵǲеģѾˣʬ廹˻;УʣСˣھһѡ
صٹǺЩĳ佫ԼѾʼ飬ŵ²Сʼ̳кλ̫
û뵽ջһ㣬ҲǺյʱûӻسҪԭ
ϣ뻯ԪڷٹǵլԺҺյġûиȥסΪûԵģֶˣαظԣЩܳôһˣҼĪԼһԼСʵˣ˵һˡ
뻯΢΢һЦ˵һЩ
ղһ㶣ܿ׹ˡ
뻯ֱ˵źҲѾ˵ˣѾΪɺһ¡
յͷ֪ǵô
뻯ɣԴһҾ÷ǳ
΢΢ü֪⣿
뻯һ󽫾
ղһ㶡
뻯ڴ˴սУ˺ͣеͷѽΣȻǷĪƹŴǴرຣĪѾ齵ެ¹ȻҲܵСĴˣҷڷٹǵҲѾغ͹߰˰ˣѾûܹƺֲ
һݽɫȥɺ˷˲šյ֮¹ȻڣȷʵûܹƺеıȨƿģҪݻֱ練ơ
뻯гһգެҿɾûһôˡ
üͷ˼ΣǰѾ˵¹ȻĿǰҪ£ǰմս߳ðпڷԣûڷҲҪެ֡
뻯֪кιϵ
ϵɴˡ
յ¹ȻǱ񣬵Ǳöһڷԡںֻ˭һڷԣ˭Ǵ󽫾ûԵ뻯ĹΪȻҪȥͶϿɲʳôܹеıͬʱͶӣⷽ棬¹ȻҴƣ˹ֻҪھǽȨקδԣֻҪץ⼸꣬ãôȻŹ
뻯һⲻеıȨǰ浣ĵľǣʱıȨĿ϶ˣжĥɱ¿Ҳ̫ˣҽû˻ĸĻֲ̫ˣǹȨȨ˭ɺ˭ȥǳΪ㾭ã¹ȻĹҲûʣʲôˣûϡкȨ϶ǹ˾ܣԱͱһӳˡ
ǿ϶Ӧģɲʲô¹Ȼ벻͵
Ǻ뻯ֻ΢΢һЦһ˫ƯķĿŹâһ⣬ֻӣǷɲֻӣ֮⣬ӣһغ͹ɱˣʣѾˡҲʱΪɺµĴ󳼲˵ʲôұϾһŮˣܶ˾ϴӦһ黳ģһƾߣһЩĻˣܻЩ֮ĹϵҺܲ
ǳƽҲǳǺȴ亹ֱ淢һ죬֪ô죿
³֮ĲɱͻеëȻΪǷǳͥģԶǵһλġ
뻯ҡҲ֪Ҳ̡
ҪǱˣ϶һֵĶλ֮Ϊ̵ģҲɱͻɱңǵȻնݳǺǺ뻯˵ҲȷʵŮΪɺҪһֵɣΨһѡܳȥ˵ЩջܱެãȷʵǱڵв˼ΣҪλѧϰܱ߷Ҳȥѧϰô
˼˵λӸڴơ
뻯ЦŵͷãǾͷˡ
һͷȴúֻζӳ£˵ζбĿλòٸһĨɬЦ⡣
뻯֪Цʲô
յԴҪйȲǣܾͲ䵽³
뻯ҡҡͷɹˣֿ佱ҲǺϲ
ǸǸЦ¹Ȼйλɺʮĸ
뻯һжǺɵĹͣҲδʲô
տЦ˲ģ𣿡
뻯ֻǳǻ۵˫ֱźգ峺ͫУ޵ӡ顣
δһȴúĸܡ
ѽҽôģΪˡհգֱʱ֮Сˣûиջ񡣺вһԳŵȷһЩˬԼ뻯·ˣԼĸԸģҲܾܾ˵˭ڲ˭ˣǰŸձ»޴һһŮ˸ǣߣȷʵܵ˼ĳ
ûϲָܡ
ñ໥ģñˣø˺ôȻģȥɺΪļƻԸ⣬ϾǵʵۣΪԼļƻ϶Ը⡣
뵽ҲȻˣҪһȶס¹Ȼ룬Ϊɫͷǳؼ뻯ԸǾ൱ˣЦʶĽӢۣǺյĸ֣һȫϺλ
뻯΢΢׵л
ߺ뻯ջصڣͻȻһˣǳ˶棬Ƶ˵ҹܷһŮװУȻҺܼʣ²ְ
飡
䣬һӾǽϷǡ
գգۣǰȥȱѹѹСֹŮˣզô󰡣
˶Եû뻯ĹϵǲһѽҹĻ㡣
յιιι⻰ɱҽ㲻Ҳҵ־㳤øÿһᣬڶסô죬Ҳûаô
˶ûзŭûʲôϵ
շŰ۵ôôͣһ˵ģҲû⵨˼ǹǿɶأҷ˲Żᵱˡ
˶ôϿɺλӣ
ҲûԼһ㵵ô֪
˶Ȼһҹԭ򣿡
㷽ǳɹס̡˵ţգۣôǲǺܼ˼ңûа취˼ճ£ôض
׻˵úã˼費𰡣
ؼˣҶŮˣб£ǳ˶Ѿǧֻ࣬꼻һ֣뻯춼ţлᵱϿɺҪǲܵġ
˶ŭĵһۣ뿪ˡ
鷳һš
飡
ǹţǿŰ


1379 ɺ֮λ
ɾӵĵ˵վں뻯һߣǺƣսһֳ
⼸գĸۡĿﲻиҲһЩһֱ뻯Ĵ󳼡
սȻˣһս¹Ȼ˵߸Եĳʴ̫Ҫæµ
˴Ҷ¹Ȼô졣
μ䣬ȻΪ˵һˡ
ָıȥ˼УܿͽɥغͿɺʹԺ󣬾УǰֻһһؽʹͳѾһˣһƶߵˣʵĸıѽ
УߵܷͣվԱߡ
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ӴһˣڳԵ㶫һ£ţֱӽ³ȥһĨͼææȥˡ
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ɽп
Դһ˿
պǺһЦЦˣҿпգȽæ⼸նδǹ򡣡
ڨڨɣ⼸յȷеæ
Ŷһެ˱ˣôǰæˡ
ɿһۣ治֪Ǽٲ֪һ룬β˻ᣬ̽һĿڷ硣ǵģһ޾ЩǶϣܹµĿɺɺʬδֲɶأǾͰȥɶ˵ղΪɺҲôʱ˵£ɶһǳģҲŵ׸òøɶ˵
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֣ͷߣΪԴȥŵެ˷¹ȻصĴȷʵҪϽµĿɺڲŽһģѹء
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ջӻֵȥ˵ˣôƲġ
һ⻰ףҲ޳ɵġ
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ͻȻ£ұӦ÷ǵ˵վ뻯ߣһ㣬ҵЩ˵
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յӵµԣܽԸԸ⣬϶֮࣬⣬ѡǽɵһСĽһ㣬ɲôõġ
һĶɤˣ⿴ҪӲѽʵԸꡣ
յҲ֪жǵԭʷ飬ԭУһΣյģǸֻ࣬ͨҪôЮӶ߸ɴԼȥˣһֽ촦
̫ˡ
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յʵܼ򵥣ؼ档Ϊ˼άǷǳɵģһСֻ֪ԼΪģҲʲôԹԼľͺáǽҲСӵ׶ΣͨСǳǵĽѵҳ֮ΪڡǸͱҪϽй´󳼵ڡ
¹ܶһĲһй´󳼶㲻ϲЩķУĴ׽ìһСǺѻģΪСЩֻΪЩ۸Сҵ£һҲңȵҳ֮ҾҪǺÿһһʱǾͻԷһΪ޹ǷǶԴ
һȵ֮ҪȨˣضһҷԣôй´Юȡ֮Ҫôй´󳼾ͱϾɱնݳ
÷ǳеǾúڰʾ࣬ζӳ£̽ɸָһ·
յѡĻὨ㲻࣬ǣû·ģ뻯ε˿ɾˣҲֻнܹȶסģ㲻ͦǶҪެ¹ȻԶͻ߽⡣ôΨһѡ񣬾ҪҪСĽ˼Умǲɳ嶯һҪܵ
⡰ǡܡһһٵ˵
һãȻ⻰ֲưʾ࣬⻰ллûרСĽѵеֵزأ
ǺҲǵ㵽ֹ˵һЩ޹ؽҪĻȻ͸ˡ
Ȼ뿪ˣϾ񲻶һٴĦ⻰ʲô˼̫ˡ
סס

̧ͷֶվԼǰʱġ
ջġһףʲôŽ㼸㶼δ
̾˿ź
ɣۼ
Ҳ֪ҡҡͷ

յһ˵һ顣
͸ӲˣҲ֪⺺˵ϲĨǣʵѶ˵ţȻ׺βʡ
һѽ˸ˣȥ
ǡ
һһųڣһ
ӷ̵ǣ㰡ǵصصĺˣʵΪ̫ǿˣʵܱ߹ҵĹ壬ѧϰΪ٣ܹ˵д֣֤ݵˡȻҲ⡣ƳһϿƾٵĺʿ¹ȻĻţʵҲ˵ʦ˲Ƿɶ˵д֡

£һ̡
ʵ֪ʺ£
ֽźյĻ㡣
˼ãͻȻ˫Ŀһһѵ
æʵѵʲô
֮ԭй´ûмк³˵ͽĳ޼ɡˣ룬⻰ɲ˵ʡ˹ȥǺ˵ûѡõҲ˵Ҫʾ࣬ȻˣôΨһɱľǿɺˡ
ʧɫɱǡǿɺ
ʵɵһص㲻й´󳼣ΪĲ죬Ӷй´ìλôͲˡ
ԽԽͿ˵ǿɶؾʣһӣ˵ҪӸӺʱǾǿǵɶԼƣûȥӣѵϣΪɺҲ˵ȥ
Լһɽȷ˵ȥ˺ɵ˼Ϊɺ
ˣǻ˭
ǻһˡ
˭
Ͳˡ
ɶء
ʲô
գûһƨڵϡ


1380 Ϊֵ
⡪ôܣȻؿɶأɶرϾһŮӣôܹɺ
ֱվҡͷԣűȸղŻҪˡ
ϸ뺫ɵһҪ߽ףǵýΣѵʱͦңȵӼλһǸ߽У࣬ÿҪô£ܹߣ˵ÿĻ顣
ǿɶزͬɶȻŽĶ飬ȫֿ֧ɶصɺôɶص˿ɺεȻҲǽҲһýġڴƶԣɶΪɺƵȻӷģӣΪӵĽϵѪڴƶԣӾѡ
õüԽԽ˵еյ˼֧뻯ΪɺĽϻһ黳ģ뻯ϾһֵĺˣԸ⣬ҲԸ⣬ɶôҲһŮӰ
ɲһ
ڰ֣Ȼɸҿڣ˵ôתȻ൱İգֻҪͷͲǺܴ󡣡
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˵ĽΣʱ̣Щɶûֱͦɶضطٹ֮ǲ½½ǳſɶģĽϣѵǾͲĽϽһ˼֮Խ˽ΪɺΪòҲǿɶƵĹϵôκʱɶΪɺǲܵģȴǴпܣ˵顣
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գü˼ڸȨǣ˭ɺĽȻһЩģԼһСĽϾһƨȻĻҲŹ˳ެ
˵÷ǳԣǰ¹Ȼ룬ҪͼĵĻǿԲһģܿȨ㳯Ұ¹Ȼ룬ƶζ˼ȥˣ϶Ẉ̂һսǿܾˡǴƣ¹ȻȫҪˣܹܿ㲻ܼܿմƣôǲܵóѵģһ㣬ֻ֧ʺλ͵һҳʺ󣬲ҪȥЩеûģĻ෴ܹøӳá
ˣ佫ı治ЩĳǻʺЩศɵģһͷԣһ
˼ǰͻȻҴӦˣҲһӦ
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ڵԼԼµĴ󽫣ԼԼϵеĴ󳼡顣
ЩΪ׼࣬¿ɺ
û뵽ھ͵λһֱ˼¹ȻδԽԽԼģʵѿΣɺһ£ȥɣһǸǰһȥشǴ
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һ̾λҲɣҸɲˡףҪ󳼸ʱһеصѹϣ¹ȻʲôҲ⣬Ҷǳ֣Ūã¹Ȼ뽫ҿɲǧˣҲû
֮ӵȷ̫ˣΣʱ̣ʵʵҪӺʡ
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ңҲŭƵġ
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ǡô죿
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أɫǣǲУǡ
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󽫾ʲôֱ˵Ƕġ
󽫾ʲôֱ˵ǡ

Ϊѵ¹ȻѾ֮ʣɲٳпɶظǲУΪֺαضһˣ˭Ҳұ֤ܹ¹Ȼָ֮ʢʱȨֻֻµӡ
󽫾˼ǣ
βɴֱӵɶΪµĿɺ
˻һЩǶɵˣǴδİ
žһ죬ֻһòĴ󺺣͵һԼĴȣ󽫾˵ѽܻΪɶΪɺΪʲô¹ȻΪʲôн֮ѣΪҾڶغ͹󷢶ʱĽݼмվģǿɶشǶطٹģҿɶصĲǡʶԣҪʤһǼӵɶؼ̳кλ
һЩԵͷĽϵȷѾˣΪǾںģ¹ʵÿˡ
ô˵ûǿɶرϾһŮӡ
ŮզأٹǶŮ˶ġ
Ҳ޳ɶΪɺɶسƻңɿɶؼ̳пɺ֮λ̫ܲҪƵԮˡ
ܿ죬Ҿͬ뻯Ϊɺ
ҲԼ̣ЩĽϵͳ£ֻһЩС붼ǱԵĲ䣬˱ֺ֧뻯ģĽϵȨǰͻڣҪλپѹȣȻˣβֱһУ齨µó͢Ǿܹɻڴ
ԿطۼͬĵԿطһµˣСԿطǻʵۣµ˾࣬һ˿ɲ㡣
ڷٹľһȺˣΪϣ˭˵
һ¾֮󣬾Ϳʼͷ˵Ĳ壬ǳɣ϶ǣ̴Ӧˡ͵øлغ͹һĽϵľɳӣִԼĸû˿ԸЩ˿⣬ټҲĽϵͳΣĽҲʧȥģǺβԣνƲ
һ˵Ҳһ̯ӣһɽ˼Һ뻯Σֲ帣ġĽϵȻѾյϢ֪Ҫ컻ˣû˸ҳ˵Ƿ⣬֮ĵһ壬Ȩ䣬ΨֻԱҪ֪Щǣûʲô飬˭Ҫҷԣǿ϶նݳģĽҲûˣެϮֻƣͶެûͦΪеǮֹˣۿȥ˭ס¹Ȼڽɽ˼ڡ
˵ˣǴƵĻλǱ¹ǰʲô£϶û˻״Ӧģضһս
⽭ɽ续Ӣ۾
һ׼׵֮࣬Ҫ뻯̳пɺ֮λ
뻯ȻӦʹǣҷʬδⲻҲТ֮ˣҲŲ⵱Ǹøȥ
£ƪۣݵ䣬˵ú뻯ɺ¹Ȼվ͵ˡȻЩµĻдã˵ʲôҲÿɶôǧٿףףѿΣǳʱ̣÷ǳֶΣ㣬Ҳûʺϣſɺķ֮飬Ӧͦˮ֮УǶı
һգֱվ޹ǰ棬㲻ӦҲˣ޾֮Ҳ֪˭ġ
ȻѾڣɹʣٻĽϣҪŪǡ
󳼶ɻˣôҪʱ̡
뻯Ρ֮£Ӧ̳пɺ֮λ
ϢѾˣٹǵİնˣŮ˵ɺδѽǰΪĵĲ˭ɺ˭ܹһڷԡҲ׼Ҫð֪һ뻯̳кλǴΪƻԮʳȻ˵ĻΪʲôԣôҲȶǿ
ðոٹǵԭɣ
˶΢΢һƳա
տЦǰǧ˼¡ʱ̫ΰˡ
ΰ󣿳˶Ӻһۣ֪ô⣬һǷǳ죬ΪʲôΪ˲ϧðôգ
ü̾˿Ϊֵ
ֵ
˵뻯úã

˶һ㶡
һĿų˶棬ݣȶʹ˼ƣҵʱһվһˣ˾ǵֿŮջ󣬲ԣС¶ʲôġ
飡
У˼ҵĲ豭ôˤҲܴٽѣ֪¹Ȼٰò豭ôһܼҵ


1381 ҹ̸
ެȻȥʵųһ亹ϵݵ»޽һ£Ǵû׼ҲţҪǺǷ̫ˣެһƵá
ˣެǴû룬ͳˣ˿ͬʱҲǳƣ⾿ô£
ԳʱⶼһᣬŪˣ̫ͼˡ
ͬʱ享ջһӼܺȥ
չȻûʧ
οĵûص޹
ʱһò൱̸죬ˣ˼æǰ
Цˡ
Ľ㣬˳
Цýġ˵ţʵ֪кϲ£㿪ģ
һ죬ֿ˳
˳ˡ
ȵ˳ߺβŵţ¹ȻΣѾ
棿ﾪϲ
εͷʵֻһᣬެҴΪУ»޺ͺ̸֮󣬱㳷ˣֻެռϹ黹¹Ȼ룬Ҳʹެ׼ЩެİͼУֻʱã̸
ˣλǷǳ󶯸ɸ꣬ô򵥣Ҳ¹ȻģֲǴƵġǣ˭ռƵһ򣬲˭Ϊس֮ҪĻǰտ϶ܼӣڴĻҵô׹ˣеľȡ
ȴüһ壬ʹެҴΪУ֮ɱԴһ£ެѲ˸ϵģԴȵһֲַġ£ҿެ־ò
ЦҲᵽ£һǳ󵨵˼ݣɷ³Ǻߣ
ǳ󵨣
ε޶е𾪡
ô΢΢һθе𾪵»ǲడ
ţ
˼룬ҡҡͷ벻£ʲôߣ
εմ˵¹ȻЩ뻯Ϊ¿ɺ
ºձ֪ͨһԼȫ
˫⡪ôԣ컨һ鸾ˣ¹ȻЩ󳼻Ӧ
εֻǸޣҲں֣Ǻ˵÷ǳҲΪǲܵģҺҲʮ㣬дϣʱ뻯̳кλܹȥһЩʳΪܹ¹ȻΣ¹Ȼ¸м뻯ԼƵĶ顣
أҡͷ뷨ǲ˼ˡŶµ˼ǣ´Ӧأ
ЦΪβӦ뻯ҵˣɺ뻯¹ȻɺͳΪһ𣿡

οŵͬʱ¹ȻǱѾʼ׼뻯ĵǻʽǻʽǳ򵥣ҲǳѰζ
׼ȷ˵뻯ĵǻʽŵ²
ںո»޵һ̸֮󣬺뻯Ѿȥŵ²ʬ˻طٹǰᣬΪȽϺ䣬ټñʬ壬˵ٹǵʱʬ嶼ķǳãûиá
˵Ľŵ²棬ԼĵǻʽʵЩףһʼǷԵġ
뻯ִˣһʼҶףⲻǸԼĨڣֱ뻯ŵ²Ĺǰ˵һ˷θĻһ˵ȲŻȻ
뻯һ˼Ҽ̳кλ̰ͼȨͲƸΪɷ־ָ¹Ȼ֮ٹ⣬¹ȻܹϸõΣҲܵģҪһشȥ¹ȻֶûУҶż̹Ϊβҵķ
˵÷ǳ֮ã˸жѡ
΢ЩִĴ󳼣Ľϵˣúеһʵ̯ӣĽϼ棬ҪŪãǿ϶췴ģΪĽϵȨѾ䣬뻯ġ
ǻʽǳ̣Ҳǳ˳
뻯ΪʷһλŮɺ¹ȻŶ
ҲǸԵһա
ա˶վһԿȺϥں뻯ǰʱ˸ŲһĹâ
Ȼ˳˳ѹҲȻȥˣ͵ʰһ̯
ôȻ⣬ûԣӮ˭ǰٴ¹ȻٵҪ⣬ʧȥ󲿷ֺԴټսĴˣ¹ȻľѾǵ˵͹ȣøϽվã뻯Ȼ÷棬ҲǺܶ͵ҪգյҲŵ
Ǻ뻯ڼ̳кλĵԼ˺գʵʺ˳ƣ߶˽ֵ¹ȻŲΣܹʩԮ֣һ֮
ŵЦҪǿɺǰ⣬ʹģҲûа취ܹɺĻҵܹɺһ֮
뻯ƣǰ¹ȻɱǿˣΪΣ
յƣƲǰ¹Ȼ룬иܵĳ¾һҪʩκߣֻأ¹ȻٷϴˣҶǴͷʼǴ޵Уҿɺôǵӵôκ߶ͨɺ¹Ȼովһƽ٣ԪˣͬҲһǳõĻᡣɺӦ֪ҴʲôʱģΪʲôָֻ֮죬ʮرٶ۰磬Ϊôһ
뻯ֻǳеּϲæѯʡ
Ҳ֪޲ԣ޲
¹Ȼٵʵ̫ˣ֪ѷס

˿˵ˣּ뻯һ˼ģһЦܱĿһϣ춼ˡ
뻯һ˴һۣҲ΢΢ȵ벻̸ôá
æɺϢҾȸˡ
뻯ǵͷոոתȥæɣ
ջعʵɺô
뻯ţ¶֮ɫ⡪ɣɷһ᣿
£ѵң⡪
뻯ɫ죬æҵ˼ǣʱȥֻ˿ãβһٻȥ
ջȻ̸£̸ͨʵⶼֻŸͼææȥ̫ˣҪȥҲùĳȥ˼ҷỳɡҪ֪뻯ѲŮҲʮ꣬һŮ껪߹ţһ˿ʣԵøˣҲѪգ˵ģڨڨͷðɣ
뻯ǽһŮͻȥ׼ͣǿԼһҹδߣ̸£ǸġȻյ֮ţ˸е̾ѹֱ»˿㡣
Цˣʵⲻѣؼڿɺܷ˵Щ󳼡
뻯Ѿ˵ףӦûʲô⡣˵ͻȻʲôƵãŶѾдһݷָܹһ
ΪɺЧͣǺյҡ
뻯̽һݸա
տ֮Цɺ̺ǻۣҪԶԶʤ·˵һС


Դ
ެȻȥ»ҲûлެںԴפǸոģǰߣù̵صͳΣҲǷǳæµġ
࣬࣬ŷٹǱߴһ𾪵Ϣ
غ͹ææ»޵Ӫڡ
ʲôϢ»޺
غ͹¹Ȼûŵ²ĴΪɺӵ뻯Ϊɺ
ʲô
»ٿȻȵôܣ
غ͹ǧȷ¹ȻǶѾյϢŲϢʹˡ
գһǺڱĹ
»ȥͻȻͣĿһ̾һֻǴ˸ƽְ
ȻһǺ뻯̳кλ¹Ȼ뼸ڲ˴ưͼ뻯εý㣬ȫҵѪǲһˡ
ⲻ͵ެƴ˸ƽ֡ң˼¡


1382 
»޿յĲԴ˸ƽָգںտ»޴ʤգ¹Ȼ뱾ƺެģ¹ȻѾʧȥͣһУֻǾʧ̸ʤʵŵ²ͳε¹ȻǶԴġ
Ϊʱ¹Ȼ벻߱ΪеܹԱϴں֧֣ܹƺެƻþȫȻ¹Ȼ롣
뻯ǻ֮󣬵һҪ£Ȼ鳯͢غ͹䣬ǰĸ͢״ݻˣҪôɱˣҪôˣ鳯͢û´
˺뻯һʥּǷ;
Ϊ䣬ȷһˡ
ˣֺ֧뻯һɷ;ǰľѫĽϣǳ뿪˳͢Ҫ󳼣ԼʵȨĴ󳼣ûһ˶ǳĽϵġ
ĽҲȥ¹ǿ϶ݲǵģϾǰ˲£˲ˣ˾Ѿǡ
뻯ȫ׼
ͬʱ뻯һЩ͵Ĵȫȥص١
һ̫Ưն̲סޡ
ǰմƵĹ͵ĴһǺ뻯ȴǡǡ෴ʵɵȫȥطϣЩֲʶһȫ͢һç򣬾ôҪ󳼣ЩŸɡ
Щȫ߱͢󳼵ʸֶдôġ
ûйϵ߹ٺ»ͿˣҪӣԷ涼ֻҪִҵˡ
֮Ժ뻯ôΪ˼ǿ뼯ȨЩڵط൱ģھʵãһĻɶǣ¹Ȼԣģ¹ȻŽһģп߳ĻǵȨǵţطִߡ
ڻ᲻Ժ뻯вǻô˵ţǹȨ¹ȻľѾʧԱûУڲҪҪƵıվں뻯ߵģ뻯룬ҲǸ
ЩɶǴϴģⷽǺ뻯Ķ֣ǰɶǌ˿ûһǹҲϣгһܹ٣Ϊຣ¹ȻõĵطǰõطǼֱƧδĵطǺܸԣΪõõطռˣ뻯ȫǵ󣬲߹ٺ»ǰǵĸۡ͸ǣǸϽӼסʱˡ
ЩҲǿɰдŻȥ޶Ͻסݣסˣˡ
鳯֮͢󣬺뻯ټҪ󳼣һô죿
Ȳμɺ
˸Ҫ󳼣վڵУ̨ĺ뻯д
˵뻯ӵ̨ģŵһŮˣǲоЩ졣
λ
뻯һ죬ֵıΪǺѪͳܳһʱڣʵ񣬻ʵҲûֻʱڣһΪNôͽϳˡ
ȵҪ֮󣬺뻯㿪ڵΪ¹Ȼ֮н֮ҰܣǵĳͷΪǰֻ͢໥Ȩ˰ն룬޶ڻдһ٣ҲԹ˭
Ҫ󳼷ǳͬҪǰĳ͢ҲǸոΣ̫ƨߺɺʥᣬһƬĬ
뻯Ҳ⣬˵ǱȡǰĽѵշǰ档˶٣ֵެȥȴ·ǳ˺Ƕˮ֮Уƾһ޷ˮ֮УͻҪλĴ֧֡
ӦˣæԸΪɺЧȮ֮͡
༸Ȼѧ
ԸΪɺЧȮ֮͡
ܹõλ֧֣Ǳϲ
뻯ЦŵͷȻɫȻ԰ΪȣôȵþðջָðոءԸ㣬ΪһԽƽڵһЩߡطָգðܹάԼ
Ǿƣ
뻯ͷڴ˷սУ¹Ȼ˿ճǿԽЩطָգǸءңһ򣬽ռеľųԼطָա
˻һЩҪеǳȡ
¹ȻĻռǷǳ֮࣬¹ȻĵΪȫЩ¹ȻƲһûгģǳֱʡ
ܲ
ĲЩôһ̨ûеõʲôȽظóȥˣͺˡ
뻯ǣҵȷҲϣλܹеؿڹɷ涨֮ڡһὫٺ»һΪλĲ
ɺ˳͢Ǯ
Ҵ˵ģ¹Ȼ֮ûȫƾλ֧֣һҴδǣҲǵġ
뻯ϣλܹһ㣬Ƥ֮棬ëɸǲϣΪ⣬׸ͱʹùҸԣһҸԣǲŻкӹڲΪĻǳΪެūѵλϣ𣿡
Ҫһ
ǰĹأ
뻯Ц˶ˣ͢޶ÿ˸ӵжء
˻һ̾ͶͷӦ
ȣ¹Ȼڵȷûʲôʧȥģһˣʱ򻹲ŽᣬǻϾûˣһҶ򣬽ضգҲ˼ռ̫أҲͷӦöٱسǾöٱس
ҪǣǶ¹ȫһƽλģʵжǿҲûжأҶƶ֮أŪػȥﶼھɹһͼΪ˾ɹ֤¹ĵλңһˣ϶ܳ͢ƣȨһ׬
Ҳǳߴϡ
ɹ岻ӦĻֱץ£ûнǡ
˻뻯һĨЦ⣬ֵ¹Ȼ˿ϡȱҲȥ֣Ҫϧÿһˣÿһ񣬰ūҲֻȫղŻ֧ǣŻΪҷսҴ⣬ȫʩзūߣͬʱء
ǴĽడ
Щ󳼡Ϊʲôôţòūôɺ뻯һȫˡ
뻯̾˿֪˺˸λȨ棬ǣǱҪȶɹѹأұ֤֮ǵһڸӸԣǻҲὫʹӼٵʮˡ
ȵУ
ҵūͲŶʮˣ㿪ᶼ̫ˣԼ
뻯Ҳܣ˭˲ܣһȥٶʹҲǹƣһܾ֮ͻҷˣǷǳʱ̣Ȼ÷ǳֶΣôʹźһˣκμֵģβȥأӹ룬ȵǸԣˣ˿ˣȻǿӻġɵ£ǱҪȫ¹Ȼ룬Ҫвϧһд۵ľ񡣡
ЩҪƵƵͷҶûˣءūٶҲǱ˵ġ
뻯ެڴū֮⣬ެ˸Ǵôʹ࣬ǲˡģެΪūǱեȡÿһެ˵һѪǿ·۵ĻǸɡ
⻰߯Ҳˣ뻯ҪþЧҪ۴ңôһˣެÿ¹Ȼ˵ĵˣŹͬĵˣȻһ
أǷūЩǸоЩͣȻǶͬ뻯˵·ˣһʱò⡣
沿¹ȻĲ䣬ҾͿѾҪӦģҲӦ
һνһЩūôΪ࣬λȨأҸԣ׾پܹûֺֻ֧뻯ģΪվں뻯ߣû»޵ļƵóѣҪެ»޿϶ĲվͷӦ
ҲӦ
뻯ЦǷģȻʧȥūҲʧȥ˰Ҵȫ˵˰һὫ˰Ĺϳ


1383 
˻һ˸Ҫ󳼶Ǵľ
¹Ȼ벻һûгģһҪǮʱ򣬾ֱӸգٸգʵҲûǮضڹУֲǾơЩСһ㶼ǽ˰Ϊڹев׼еǮǶ࣬Ȩ΢ЩȨѫ󣬿ɶǶﶼ¹Ȼɲؼ沢ģҪ˰ǾͷǳˣΪǿеȨ˰ΪʲôЩĽϲ㶯ǵ˰̸Ǯһ˸ģĽϻϲ˰ġ
뻯˰ھǵ˰
⵱ȻǶǵһֲǳ͢˰ǮǷٺ»ëǳϰ
͵У˰͢
ҽҪ˵ġ
뻯Ҵ㽫ũҵ˽лڿҵҵȫл
һ±ƣʲô˼
뻯͵طָ˰գȻڰյģÿܹö٣ͿŬͬʱͭȿҵȫڹУ⣬Ҵ㽫֮ຣȫΪСУҲӦ֪Ŀǰǿ̣ͨ¹ȻλüѣӦüǿҵķչǴƹǿʢǵȥǾֻǾΨжùܴ֮зֵһһ㣬Թ彨¹ȻɫƷ
һ㣬̾ʹӦ
˭Ҳһҵ٣ӯٵĲеѽ˵沿ຣһ棬涼أǺ뻯û˵ຣΪУЩǻָյģûʧȥʲôõȴຣԼҵʹ󲿷ֵҵһҪ˰ˡ
ˡء˰߿ǹڣˣһж̸ˡ
ֻ̫ˣһ֮϶̸ġ
ֱʱ֣뻯ƣôδ޹ϢȥƫֻһˣǺա
ɺ̸ôһָϽʵ
뻯Цɿ񣬲ɻҪ񣬱Ͼܹǵ˼Ħ͸š
ɺˣǫһЦʵĦĳһ̵˼ѣΪ²дģҪǿ䣬ֻҪ䣬ܹǵߡʼѲµģΪžƵı仯仯ǵ˼Ҳᷢ仯ѵĿɻں档
뻯æҲ֪ϣܹһЩʱգûкڣֻҲ
ЦɺǫˣԿɺΪԼԦЩˡұϾǴƻɣҿ϶ǵûȥģһᾡĽɺá
뻯¶ʧ֮ɫͷǰϾǴƵࡣ
յ̸ʱղŻȥ
磬ˡ
ôûϢ
ˡ
𣿡
ţŵĶˡ
ű붼ֽա
ռæڣʹ̽ź͵Ȼˡ
ռæź
ǳ˶Ҳڣʵ˵ʲô
ձĿһ̾ǻȥһ˴󶼻
˶üһ壬ѵǱֳأ
ҡҡͷûг£ֻƻҶģѾдˣǵùȥңһøǽ﷢һС
˶ʱ
ü»õȼգҲõ¹Ȼ밲֮⣬ҲҪʱ׼
Ǳߺ뻯ڸǼӽߣʵ̫ˣ̸˺üղȷ
ڼ䣬ЩҪҲĴ˼빤˵ϵ󳼼ҺҪ󳼶ǵȻνƻǻȷԱضڰյأǱûأҲͲأҪǼ˾ɹҲʹӦ
ȻҪԭ¹ȻǧٿףƤ֮棬ëɸҲֻͬЭĿǰҲûбѡˡ
ڶ֮󣬺뻯ȫ䲼ʾ
һ£ǱģŽˣֻмײеﷸެǲ⣬ͳͳ⣬˴θغ͹ңֱ²ʿ⣬һء
ϳūƣެ⣬ÿ˶¹Ȼǲֹġ
䲼ƣƸ޼ϸ涨ÿյӵжأԱӵжءֻһ㲻ͬƵľǷҵͿڷһ˽УһǹУԿڷΪ
¹Ȼľƣȫ˽УҲ˵һߣֻԵµİգˣͲ߱һˣΪ˽ƵĻǲջصģţȻĻأҶֻʣôһˡͬʱҲ涨ʮڲ׼أҲ׼ķϣɷһ㣬㲻ֵصػķϣڷ
¹Ȼеأغ͹ɱ˲ȨִôȨǵصȻǹС
˺ľǼҵƹ壬͢ûи֮ǱҪؽҲ¹ӦЩߵһҪԭ˵һǧ٣һв̫ˡ
ģһ˰˵ֱȡ˰˵׬棬ȫԼУҪһǮ͢κ˶ˣˣͳͳҪ˰
壬ຣҵлҹҽͶʽ𿪰
ӹлǰ¹ȻľӶǸϷٹǵĽΪƵĹϵնȥֲܻķϣ˭пȥ̣ôӾͱлһлͱļƣ͵øʣӴľӣ͢϶Ǹȫֻһǧ˵ĳϻפ¹ȻǣֹɧţԷٹΪĵľ֮أֻǧҰȫԼڵΰǴؼҪظ޾פڵ˶ȥɻǴطǳɲܻķϡ
⿴ľȨǱǲƣ̾͵̾͵ũνֻҪ㲻ɢҺ沿Ϳˣһ£ϱʿҺ뻯÷ũ֮ʱ֯˲һ뻯ҪȨҪ߾ȫ
¹ȻǵĿҴ󽫾ȻΨһһ֧ӣƲ췴ΪٹǺ۷ݣƾӺִܿܵҪһЩһ˻ģҲͶоΪ뻯һͳȫӣۣǺεȵΣûеȥﶯҰɡ
ެԻ¹Ȼ뷴þ˵󶼵ÿԱ߱
һֶĲǴҲһͨΪ䣬ұɣҲûʸȥˣǻͷˣȫƵıެϮƲæǾˣǳ򵥡лĮڵţ߶ǴƣȫҲס㡣
ʵ뻯ѾãȺջȥͽΣɱפ¹ȻǣҽĲӸϲһ¹Ȼ룬ԭʿӦԭ
ߣȫԴƿó·˰ŪؿǼһ¾Ϳˣ˲ҲߣȨԼңҪֻҪͿ϶ѣһġ
ˣȷ˽˲Ʋַ÷ǳϸɷ֤һ㣬ʮ֮˲Ʋߣֱд̣ĹİգҲȡ֮ĸ˷ٵ뵣Σ⳥һǮƣʹ໥ලҸأ㻹ȥ٣ɾ˵ȥˣʵΪ˱˽˲ƲΪҵչҪߣ͵ñ֤ȫ⣬ǿ˭
Ҫһ뻯̴ﵽٽ㣬Ľʵ۴δôߵԵ·ˡ
ɵҲ֧λ¿ɺģأκ˽κ˰Լģֱ͸һ㣬Ĺôá
ڿҵл̫ԶˣǱûйϵຣȻлǸءûйлˡ
һެܾʹһˣЩտ϶ȥެƴǴãǰأǹأǳ͢أҸ˭ɻǸɻƨ£ĻҵأҵȻƴ׻˵úãΪΪʳ
¹ǵȻҲ֧֣ǵȨߣ߻ģȶɹѹأֻҪҸԣˣܿǷǵġ
˵ľĽΪľɹ壬ǱǼȵߣӵеĲƸ࣬ūأ³Ŀ϶Ҳ࣬Ȼڳе˵ˣʣ޼Ѿˣ¹ûнڶǣûĻˣƽ⣬Ҫλ͵ȽǰλŪЩɹҷҲֲֻܴ˺µȥˣϾУЩڴҲʶ˵ġ
߸ոհ䲼ãǱִϲѶƱ²뻯ΪŮţڴҲ۲Сһ޳ɵģǴδйŮ˵ɺԹҲûŮ˵٣û鶼֪Ӻβ𣬵ǲֿ̲ݻ㲻⣬͵ûȷϵչϵŪһŮʾһ£뵽õģټӷˣҳŵʮʯʳΪ񣬶ֱӴܱݸ衢۷ݡЩطǾʳһÿ졣
ʵȷ뻯ɺԳѾ˽Ϣȥθ׼һ̻š
ʲô˭ҺʳģʵԮ¹Ȼһ٣׶ֶվˣԮǶƳԣⳡ̣ķʳɱˣټƳеǴʳ㲻ʲô
¹Ȼԣѩ̿Ϣһ¹Ȼ룬ٹ죬뻯ĵλǸȹˣΪʲôôԮΪ뻯Ĺϵô
뻯ĵλǸȹˡ


1384 
ٷϴ֮ʣִеԶġ
ΪѾ˾ˣûиõİ취վҶԸɣҲûбѡˡ̫ƽʢͲһˣñȴƣκһ߶þ۲ܹ䲼ִҲǳѣյı䷨͵͵Уĸ㣬
˺뻯Щ߰䲼̵֮õִУؼ¹ȻҲûж󣬷شһ֮ɴطԱҲǺ뻯ոڵûҲֻܽȨִеĶǷǳ졣
һȫ¾Ͷʧ˷ǳ˿ڣ˿ڻˣҰնǸɾʮ㣬ԼҵȻî㾢ɡ


ƽ̹ã޼ʵǧԭ̲̲ຣһյ޴ƽǶڸɽԭ֮䣬һɽԭӳȤ׳⡣
ݡ
СҰຣ۳һ޼ʵĲԭϣɱò
󻹸һǺ뻯뺫յˡ
ɣúúлл㣬ҪĻҿ治֪ô죡
뻯һмĿա
һ߰䲼ȥõ˺ܺõִУҴ£Ҷǣú뻯ǳ˿֪һжǺյĹͣûкգûһС
Цɺǫˣνµеǣϵˣɺ֪ô죬ǿɺͲǿɺˡҪǲ֪ôĻҾ͵⻧ɡ
뻯Ц顣
պǺǵлɺͣĳЩ˶Һ߶Ƶá
뻯µ˻棿
տɲɺ˵ʱ۳˶档
˶浱Ȼָ֪Լûຣķ⡣
뻯һЦʹ߶Ϊɵ߶ǿǧ󡣡
ǿɺȻʶȴǼǫ⺫տɲҵҪһʲô˵˶٣ֵʵҲ˵˼䣬Ĺؼ¹Ȼҵۺ񣬹һƬͲ֪ܹˣҪ˵ĻɸΪ֮
뻯ЦҲȫɣҪǺ棬Ҳ֪ԭһ̺ôƾΣܹ֧ҵĲ𣿡
ຣ̺ŷǳӴԴǸй˶֪ຣNΣһƬǷǳϤԱ仯Ȼɲ̫ĸı䣬Ŀǰ˵ຣ￪ĻǱȽ٣ǵĵʱ򣬲ŷֺܶҴΪҪĲ룬ú뻯ຣлǳȥġ뻯ţҼҵĲƸһ˽һЩ
ȥ죬Ȼο죬ҲǺսǵģһ˺뻯һμ
ЦҪʱڣѣĻܹΪҵڸٷչձøԣεԽԽ󣬶Ҳĵľңǡôڿʼƻԭȥԭźܶ˶ѡ¹Ȼ룬ܵó԰ɣεȻ󣬵ʱ߲ԭİҲҪΣֻ˵¹Ȼĵλʵ̫ˣó˷ѣ˹ƾκ·㹻¹ȻĲҪκ˰һȥ֮󣬾ͻὨ£ɹ¹ȻΡ
Ŀǰ˵ǱȽϹģΪûкμն÷ǳʡǺմչãʲôܹãȻյˮƽΣڱеġ
¹ȻСֻҪһҵⷢԷˡ
뻯ȴҪȥأ
΢һԭûдôȥǰὫȥһ˱ߣɺӦҲ֪Э飬ҵȥ
ƽںյһЭ
뻯ü΢壬ﻹҪ
Цɺģһسʱ򣬻پġ
뻯գ淺֮ɫŸոտʼ߾Ҫ뿪һʲô⣬Ҷ֪ô
֪ǣɺȺ飬Ӧ֪䷨Ĺ°ɣ
뻯ͷ
յɺֻҪѧϰɣԷιҪ򣬻ҪҪÿعأ飬ֻҪزٻҲȥ
лɴͽ̣뻯ͷǳϧֻϧ¹Ȼδ˲š
ʵºյģҪǺղǴ࣬ƻ뺫ﵱֻ࣬ϧձ࣬ܵ¹Ȼࡣ
ǫһЦɺˡ
һӲһȦѾȫƣУԴһЩ뻯ɶûӲ꣬ˣ뻯ͻȥˡ
ûа취ȷǳæ뻯ֻܼææϻȥ
˶ͻȻЦλɺͦ᲻ġ
ΪĲڡ
˶㵵Ŀ
ʲô
յѵΪǿ
⻰ʵó˶ƣֻǳ£Ѿ˵ˡ
ֻǿЦģ㻹ˡ֪ô
Ըꡣ˶Ц
һΪɺΪʵۣؼϧ֮ĺ֮ʵ۲ҪҪøأҪڷ˲ţڽ˲ŷںʵλϡɺȻ᲻ңңضʧܣ˲ţۿֱǿģҪǻŬס㻹ʲôɺؼȥɡ
ĻõöһЩʲôˣŵʿǿܣåƦҪǳɹˣ㲻ڴŴ˵ôңֻɱңȴûң㲻ʧܣǼֱǲ˼¡ˮƽ˼˼ҿЦ㣬һԲλ࣬˼ﻹ
˶һ࣬һ죬Ȥһգû뵽ȴպݺǲһؼû˵ûУ
һ˵桪
棿
˶ȭһգҶ֣
СҰСҰ
磡ˣ
졪
˶ҧгݵ޳֮ͽ
һСҰ˹˷ܵ磬ҿǱһЩȥ
ð
յͷֳų˶桪ȥȥ
˶ͷһƫŭȥ
ۣСҰڣҲôţøһЩɫˡʼаҲǮǡ
㡪
ʲôСҰڡΪҵڣ㲻ңҪǮɴƸҵˡ
˶涼ȥˣʱɲҡ
ЦѵǻԧϷˮôɼˮ֮߰
˶һ㶣漴׹ϲһ˿
ֵһҪ󡣡
˶涼ÿˣֻбĿӡ
մ֣ܻܲŮװױݻӰҵ顣


1385 ȫż
ʵ뻯ҪºգԲǺɧҲ֮飬뻯ºգǿɾΣˡ
Ҫ֪Щ߿ɶǵ߸Եģֻһִߣʹٴ˾޴ıȫûеףкߣҲҪ̤ʵһЩ
ںտʹնǱ߲ţҲᾡسģ̫ãΪɻиڡ
ʵûа취ЭҲģһǷնмһ飬˼ҶˣôҲùȥ
¹ȻôֻƻеһѣܽԼʱ䶼¹Ȼ롣
ʴˣԳȥ˳㽫ȥϢĴȥȻϳ˶桢СҰԼһЩȥ󶼻һװģΪ࣬ĳУǸسٶȥģõȵȥ

֪Լ绹ԭģˣΪǸЭ飬ֻȨ֮ƣ϶ҪߵĸԭܵԻָЭиãֻǺû뵽ô죬һôͻȻ
ǵõս죬ɼİգߺ·ߵʬףǳֲ֮ɽȥ꣬ԭ洦ɼȫţﲻ̶ӣǴҴҶӦǾ仰紵ݵؼţ
⻹ֹؼ·ҲǷǳƽ̹ߣҸݴƵ·׼ԶֲľǳĹ淶Ǹڣпڴʯϵ·ָʾǰһһ޼ʣ֪ǱߣΪʱԭմ̴ˣҲһʱԻָлɣǮãзԣҵȻȿֺ󣬸ɻȻеڵȹ·޵Ƿǳ֮졣
һƬƽ
һжĹ͡
Ϊ֤֮һĳ˶棬ŷٵĲԭ淶ĵ·ҲĵĿ˺һ䡣
ܹܳĿޣҽҪʧˡ
˶Īջ𣬰һۣߵҲΣƣ࣬ı졣˴˷ȵǿܻܿԭȥͿ̿
֮Ц
˶˻ǳڡ󴫡ѵ˵ʥҲǸ֮ô
±ƵΪʲô˵ʥҲǸ֮
˶һƺҲ⺫Ѿʥ˷ġ
ЦԭԭͲϵķͻѵԭûͿ̿ô
˶΢΢ü˼ǣǷС
ȥҲ㡮ղмһЦֵ㣬Ϫûзһѣ㻹ôô
˶һ㶣漴Ȼᡣ
Ͷѽ
ʼ磬ЦΪʲôܼ򵥣Ϊûзˣһ粫һһһա
˶ĬԶԣΪʵ
ռ֮ƶսҵףҲ֮ΪȨΪԼ׳־ܹƵˣһˣǲΪġñģҲ˵Ǵ࣬ӵеĲƸȥΪ̣㿪ʲôЦֵǮӶôƯõӿڵңɾ͢һᣬҲԸ
ͬԣԭϵ壬϶ǿԷԭտҪĶ࣬ԭг͢ʵĺڣ֮⣬Ǿǿ֪ΪʲôŷԭΪʲôޣһжԹǹʮܻǵáǷսҪĿģΪԭԣжΪʲôԭȴٽԭҲˣİһףҲʲôԭϷ٣ҶǮܣ˭Ըȥһڷԣʵ⡣
˶ҲʾͬҰĵĽһҲ޷췴ɱƱΪǮ˿϶ȥġҲˣûһˮ޼ҿɹ飬ȣ˵ǼðľŮģҲ˸췴ˣûֹȨ˵ҰģֹձǺƣν˼䡣
ҲΪˣ˶ȴӸе棬Ȼؼ򵥣Ϊʲôûõ
Цû뵽һ㣬ûʵ̫ʥϾ뵽һ㣬ظ񣬲ڹҵİֻҪòãһ׼£͸峯һֻ̫ʥϵʱԹ˲ϾҲûԭøӸԣʴˣ̫ʥֻúͳκˡҪͳȱİչøԣֻҪնǮǾͲ˼ģԸܴݣҲƲˡ
˶Ц̫ʥ϶ȴܹѵ̫ʥϻҪô
յ̫ʥϱκ˶ҪĻ̫ʥΪʲôҪκǣʵǻʵۣǴ󳼣Ҹ˾ְ˵̸˭
˶Ƭ̣ԴǷǳġ
ЦΪһʱһ

Ҫǰĺգ϶ΣΪǳϲЩ飬ʱĻԪĵ¶ҪˣȻϻȥʴһĸ·
գ˰󶼻ڣⰲ󶼻ɽ棬ռɽҪͨʵƳļǽҪͨ棬ȣҪͨ϶սҪأǲ˵ģûе·ڶϡΣҲȽ϶࣬ͳΡڻĮϣȥô󶼻Ͳˡ
ôضˣ
ǰ˶ԶԶǰѹѹһƬˣеЩȡ
ĿȥֻǰվŵˣƷı٣ǴƤıȽ϶࣬üʲô
ҲǾ֮񣬱»޺ݺһأһǵһǰ
Զ˵
һˬʵЦֻһݺ˫ȴ˪׵߸Ц
ն˭߻վһλĽ죬м
Ͻ
ոϽµ첽ӭǰȥֵϽὫˡ
ɣ
˱ȭһ
С磡
ϺȻЦǺǺ
ƫĿһһôҲأ
ǺƳǵأҡ˹ס̵ˡ
أЦǺǵ˵СǾ͸˹ϣܹ뺫Сһ档
˷׷׵ͷ
һĿɨȥŷ֣ԭվģȫͻʲǣʮ֮࣬ʱðһͷ亹ֻҪϻȥǲܵġնм׿ѽ
նм¶ε
ڳǰ⺮Ѿͺ˺ðΣȥ
СϽô£ôǶڰ
նЦ֪أǵ֪¹Ȼ֮󣬷׷ҵмϣܹдһˡǲôҪҲдһŸ㣬пյģ͹ҲǷǳҪ㡣
ԭЩ˶ʥģںյ쵼£ǩЭ飬ֱӻĺƽڷǳ٣˭ҪƻЭ飬ͻվָԷѭģΪҳ췭ظòײŴɵģ˭ƻЭ飬Ǹԡͬʱջ˲ٳŵȫһһ֣˴ŻԼǿ·ٽ˲پҵһ´̼ԭľãһ¾ת
ȻֻǸռһ棬ǶںշǳŷΪһ˵㻰ˣΪԭڿǣĹԱһ຺ܶ˹ԱǺˡټϣǳˣһǱǾ̣ͨϾ壬ˣ˴߳γһ۵㣬ǷǳԣģҪˣȻҵһɽ£еսյĽ̻塣
ȫûⷽ׼ҪݷնģҲϣЩ˼һû뵽ȫˡ
˶ˣҲûа취ֻܽаɡ
˵䣬һȺóڣڸǲѽշ׷վڽֵԣ·ֻܹհյķɡ
м˱ǺСô
Ӧǵġ
ѽ
ԭȻ˽ܵ飬͵ʱ򣬶ڷ
ڸʲô


ϽҲ̫˰ɣҿһ͵ˣؼǣһ˲Ǯɡ
տ߯ҲˣǵһȴŪøʾƵã뵽ǲնʱԱ쵼ҲôȥӲ죬һڰյĴӵ£һң·ˣŪúն̫˼ˡ
նһ㶣ʲôǮ
յѵЩ˲Ͻ͵ģԲϽһ仰£ŻǮˡ
ϷûôģնҡҡͷֵҪԹԹЩԭˡ
ղԵĿն
նǺǵԭЩ󣬿䲻Ĵܸʲôſڱ˵˵ˡңڳЩ¼Ҳԭϵİնǳ㡣
ΪԭЩ˶ǺոģǲܸʲôǺɵķԸ
ļٵģ⵹úմһ
мǺǵﻹǺõģϻȥͥҪӿţҪʢϽ
նǺЦŵͷ
Ǻǣ
ΨиЦôô͵һˣŪĺô
̶һ·ӲãΪΧ۵ʵ̫ˣŮǽߺС硱ĴԭŮӿɶܱŵģŪúպ䡣
һ˵Ĵӵ£⻷ĺãùģǲСǳΰ׳ۡⶼǺҪģնɲһ̰ͼЩˣ׳־ġôĿľΪ˴ٽҵʱͻʱҲһףûǮûɣľͿԴٽҵҲܹɲȻ˵ұϾΨһĴ󶼻һ㣬ҲӦõġ
ҿ󣬲Ȼ治һܹװôˡ
ϯѾãΪսӷϴǷǳ¡ء
պƣֲ̰ͼЩǻɣǴ󶼻ô㣬˭ܵˣնò䣬֪
ʵնҲôߣҲûжǮⶼأҪģϯһпⶼԼģնṩһѡأǶΪǲԭĶˣúúд
Ÿո£أҾͶһС磬ҿ㣬ԭϵİղܹ߳ս𣬹ϰһǴԭϵİվ㡣
ЩǷ׷˱ա
ҵʲôЩ˼Ҳûа취ֻ˱ؾȵУŵλλЩ˼ʵҲûʲôҲ˵ԭԭϾܹؼĻǲԭϵİնսǰԼҪͲҡ
̷ǳС磬͹ǫˣԭϵİյȷҪûзԣܹⶼС罨ǰԭҴ˴ʳṩ˺ܶոɣ˲ԭϵİղܹϰ
кС統ֵЭ飬ҪǷЭ飬ô
˵ǣɶС硣
Ҫ˵ѽС磬ͱسˣˣһӵ㡣
ǻۼʽ
ȵ£
ָûӵçҪңҪ⻰ҿɾˡˣˣˡɣɡ
ƨӲ죬ҲˣȵҶ֮ûЦһǵӶͦİ
أҵ˶ǺЦţ˼ڡ
˫һţһֱǰȥͼɶһ㣬ܹͷôиðֻҪԸදԣʮͷѽñأңˮڻô
أҺٺٵСЯ
պߵһףһ˽ôô൹ˮģΪë㷢ôĲƣ

ҺȻЦ
ǿĵӣնм󶼿ɵˣƽʱЩô˵ʵۣ׻˵úãǿѹͷߣնϴҲøǼӣıƽϾͳΣ͢һǿҪˡɺǼ䣬ǻЦôġ
ֻ˵̫ˣ
ⲻ֪ĶǵθڣǷ̫ϲ秵ԭʿñмĹʲôһһۣ̫ˣ̫ˣҲΪʲôǸԸкΪС硱ǡɡΪ׽һЩ
ԭ̥벻˲ԭϣȴõ˵Ƴ硣
Цգֵλж˶ţЩǿյģؼ䵽˭ĿУţҲΪ˳ôأҲӪѵԵƤôЩмͷδ˼ҳԵúá
˵úã
С⻰Ǿ١

Ҳ˵˵ѣôվûȥˡ


1386 Ȩı
ϯ䣬ܺ˵ʲô˵ĺȲʣ뺫ڳǽȻ෴ڳղ˵ʲôر˷ԣ˵˵оһ̥
ⶼѾܳˣֱ˼顣ܵһƭֵζ
˵ģЩ˲̫죬󲿷ֶв֣ǵǩЭʱ档
Ǳֳ飬ȫǽյǾ
ղŪһԭûˣ̽ˡ
ԭڲ֪Ϊ֮乹һһҵ
Թֺƾũ֡
ԭ̳ũԭȥͳ壬ܻгͻģܲϲԭԱһȫʺǣǴϰƫƫҪǸĳͳͳͳҪͻǹˡԭʿǽɽ̻壬ʵƫĵģΪͻľԭŮһǴŲŲ޹УΪҹ㡣
屾ģŮӲܲţҼһNμң춼óȥˣøӽ
ˣܱһôΨһİ취ǹϵܹŹͬںһ𣬲Żйͬԡ
ҵõġ
ȣûĸÿҵģҵ֮Уƽȡƽܼ໥ӣֻҪлǮǾˣҹ˭ϵǷǳƽȵġ
Įǲϲģ֮Ȼ㿴ҲˬҿҲˬһشģ˵ˣȴӮ˲ԭĺøУദķǳǢȫǰǳãڣһƬܼ򵥣ԭ˴˺ҪĻԭҲеõ˷潫ǰһȱһɣΪʲôҪԷ
˺յҵߣڲԭķǼõģȳҪõöˣͨգȫӺյҵߣأΪغˣǱеҵ壬ˣǼᶨֺ֧գ˵·ϧԼǮ·ΪͬյĹ۵㣬Ҫ¸ͱ·
Ƿն˵ãԭΪʲôǺսģһǾӶذգˣɿڱտڶǺСҪҪյ¼Ҳƹ㿪ںյһЩ˼룬õذյͬڳĻΪʿũ̵ԭ򣬵ºջ÷ǳίĽԼš
ǺûǾú̫һũ׬ôǮôྫƷǌ˿Ϯѧ¸˼ֱͽյǾ֧յϮ˶ԣǷǳļ
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˵΢һĻҪϼ꣬ıӵΪɺ
֮ǾͻȥˣúպúϢҪȻɲǹŸսӷϴģǻϣܹ֪һЩ͢߻ǺյһЩ飬ҲѾˣߣҲһʱ
նм£ϻû˵ʲôǵУǷǳоԣЩ˶ڲԭǺѽѱ

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ն˵Ҳûϵ
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պǺǵὫɲô룬ĹԱҡ
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֪ҲᣬΪóĻֻֿܣһǴˣˡһǴƳġ
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ҵˣͬһ㡣ЦҪǳд󳼶Ὣһ룬Ǳˡ
мһм鳼ֻ֪̰ͼ֣ȥЩ
˵õȻ帮ڵˣΪʲôǱ帮ǸôңΪ˵һ۵ĻܲôȻ֮Ըô˵Ϊ壬ǰһֱǹͳ£ǹ嵱Ȼ£͵
նǳţò׻쵽գȻ帮ǣٴ帮Ū㣬ЩĿźա
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ն˿æתƻȻެѾ˾֮ģ·˽֪ҴƺαػһͣҴƹԶʤެެͱӣΪǿΪ佫
ЦϽһ⣬Ե˸檳Ⱥãһ϶û¶٣һ磬ϽһΪ˭Ӯ
նһ㶣ȻǸܹӮ
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мϽ˸֮ƴҲһǮмңȻȽϧҲȽ϶ֻ࣬ܵĻǸܹӮһ˲ĵزֻҪӮ
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Цŵͷެūڴ̣һЩūެԣ㲻ʲôֻҪūõҪõ棬ǲŸսǴǿɶǾͨİգиĸжŮһи̣һ˿¶һٸɾһٻ˼ңһʮأǴ˿ڱͲ̫࣬ѽ
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֮ԣҿɲҹͬնһ̧ɫƣԹءǽެǻެͼıҴƵҿެҰĲСһսǱ޿ɱܵģΪˣȷˣ䳹󻼡
мҲս˵ǣҲΪ翪սʤߡ˾ջڣԺܺõƺ⳯еļ鳼˾һֻ³͢Ӳ뿪սˡ
㵱Ҳڰˣһ»ްһĻյͷҲ޳ɴެһսǲɱģϾһɽݶȴΪһս˳ٲ硣˾ȻѸߣ»޿ҲСˣҴ˷»޽֣˲ǣʶıԽǲ֮ΪУ֮٣Ҳֻɺܹѹסܹȵٿսެǿ࣬ǵʤҲɡ
նȻõɣ⻰һЩ־Լˡ
ֻһԭҪҪˣҲὫϣ»޵档˵ֵ֪λһ仰Ȩı
Ȩı
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յͷҵսެһٱǵެһٱǵެһٱǵıެĶʮʶλܷӮ
նɣˡϷ˵䲻õĻǶϷɴδ̣ҲδܹⷽĽô㻹Ӯ
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мæ˴Ĳֻ࣬Ҫһþ³ʶˣҲܹӮ
УҪֵĻҪӣרҵһǧˡĿڲһĵͷôһĲ࣬ҪʲôӱһƽƾˣǹĹܽǸųʳҲܽǻΪȨı⡮ơָĲ츳ǲҪ˲û飬˭ƽƣƽƣ˭üı


1387 ÷ֹ
⻰еնмܾЩ̫Ծ˻һŷӦ
ôܻ˴Ĳࡣмֱҡͷ뵱꺺ľ֮κ󣬹Ҳûǿʢ˵ز
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ûģ治ҿެֻҪҴҪͿָ꣬ʳĻҴȫϣзµõ֣µũߣδʳһʤ˿ڵ˼֮ǵʿҲᾭŶӴˡ
⼸棬ͼΣһжǳõķڷչҪֻʱ䣬ʱҹެսһпܶữΪӰֻҪܹȥǾܹެֲζ
նһĲ죬ެҪսѵǴƻô
յͷ˸׼Ļǵ׼ֻ˵ҪҪʱ̣Ҫս
мһȫս߳ʹ»޲ò˱Ҳ»ޣûйһҪõ¹Ȼǲܳɹġ
յ߻Ǳ򣬴Ӵ»޻ǻѡִ֧¡¶ΪҲһ㡣ҵǲֹʼʩԭϵĲ乴ᣬȻٳ롣ˣӦøϽӿͳΣ»лɳˡ
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ʵնҲ˫ȫδս£ǺյĹͣ
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նҲ֪ЩֻʺϹ˵Ǵ룬ߣԶ纫գȻĻȥ࣬ôţƣιĻǱ˶Ҫˣһˡ
յ֪λ˵Ǵʩһ־ߡ
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նмԵͷʵҲˣֻǲھĸƽʱũսʱ̣ļǱپǽ٣û˵ʿΪ١
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мǲ֪ӮǵΣ
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նæʵ
ҵΪɣдƷơ
ձ¶ǳǿλӦ͸ܵˣİնһǳɡƽַǳҪĶɵȻͬʱǣһìܵģ˾ͻҪƽô˭άֹƽңɷ
ôҵάɡƽԡٸƳҵҪ˰ҪıҪһٽҵķչֻҪǼҸжһõյ֧֡ȻҴⷽɷ٣Ҳֻ֪ΪǴƵķƣôƷƸǴĹƽԼٽҵķչΪʲô֧֡ȻǱԽһЩƵķ˼ӵҵ棬ǿ϶ҲȻܵġ
˵ǿڸաȴĿɿڴ
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ЦһǵġѾԼأҵȥתתʱһ˵ġ
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СҰҡҡͷֻǰˮˮϴûϴҿɾͲ֪ˡ
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˵ľŮһô˶ŮΪȥģþһŲʳ˼̻ƴ̣һҲǰ˲æ
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˶δ˵Ǵ򿪲Ȼǲźա
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ոȥ


1388 ͬ
һˤĺ߻أԡɢֻʵʵڶ棬˶潻ҲҶ롣
֮󣬳˶㿪Ϳ͡
һԹ˳
˼ҵ٣Ҳ٣˼ҵٵĳůɶǻ̡أģΨӲ崲ҹٵ۰ҪɴҼֽ֣ҲǴٽصѡˣˣһֱȥǰңǾˣģ־ᶨҲֲ
ͻȻͷעԼ˫֡
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ƫͷһֻСҰչͷ˫֣磬ڿʲôأ
һķԼգգԽԽȥˣλޣ㾹Ȼ˼˵ӣı㡣ϰԵ뽫ִСҰļϣ־Լ߯ˣջˣߣϴȥ
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СҰҲ֪СҰʵ̫ϲ˶ĳϣЩԼƵģǵСҰղøңԼȥɡ
СҰҪ簡
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СҰգգ۵Ĳã
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СҰһˣȷ̫ϲµֳϣҲͲǿ˵ͷ
СҰ䣬ȻԳøãһ⣬ֻããſڵȺأҵˡ
ǸȻΪƨģ֪һôߣΪ֪ƻǺ֣ҵУһ֮
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ķ֮ףⲻһ˵ĹͣҴҹͬŬ˴ҿɶҪϧҪ׵ûٻһУ͸¹Ȼһһ̴ǿɺûзˡͼƻһУôͱΪ֮սΪһ̫ѵˡ
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ΪЩ˶ͻΪҵʱڣ̫˽սʲôһǷǳսźƽ
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һ˱˹ǰ淢¸أҵˣԭΪһ֬ļ۸ĵͣڵ֬ǳۡ
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ջһתΪµģǵľײǵ⣬Ҳٵ⣬Ƕģٸᾡ־׵ġ
أǻ̽һߣȴû뵽Լ˵ˡ
Щ˵ٵһЩʱա
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Ҳûм˵ȥĴ㣬Ǽ䣬أҲûʣ²̫ʺڴѯʡ
ת˰죬ֻص˸ڡ
նмҲˣǰԺм䣬նмߣտ¤ҵܹܣǱм䡣
ĿһɨһܶҪң͸ЩһȻڣչĺܺãҲһ⡣
ҷ׷׵ͷһⶼûУֻ˵ûгʲô⡣
յʵǵЭ飬ǹԭΪİմս߳˵ģû뵽˵ĳɹҷǳľȣҲҿϣȻ˳ɹĻΪʲôǲȥ
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˽ǳĬ
յȣһҪ֧֣͢ûг֧֣͢ҲܻôˡǣҲ֪ԭѭʿũ̵ĵȼƶȣȻҵȴǳͬѭʿũ̵ĻȻǲʱ˵ġһ㣬͢һֱۣЩ˻ϣǰİ취ҲƾһλɺͳȻʧܵģʷǺ³ǵ͵Ĵ
ԭܼ򵥣ȨܹʧǣʷǺ³뵱ͱҪԳ͢ҷԣֻ˵ҰĶѡΪ͢δһǮ˰ҲδѹİգΨһҵɣֻȨѡһЩˣϣܹԭƶȡ
˵ʱɫһ䣬Ӻ⻰ҪǿͳΣкƵĻЩ͵̨ɹԱ䵱
⵱ȻҲǲС
ոǳһŶ裬ֵԭĵũŶ٣ҵ棬ѭʿụ̃ǲǱĩãҲܡˣͳ˼벻УҲУ˳͢µ߳ɹĻͲȡһȫµͬ졣


1389 
ͬ죿
˲һ㶣źգȫ⡣
նмȻҲûϸ̸۹£˴Ҳܹ⡣
ЦΪͬʵϵ˼̯˵նԷΪԭն붼ǸΪһ¹أһ㣬Ҫر˴˵Ļϰף໥ӣӣҶǴƵ񣬶ƽȵġѵص˾Ҫ߹һЩǷҪ߹һЩȫûе
⻰̫ˣƵƵͷܹͬˡ
ΪǺ˿ǱӵһԭʿԹžͿǣȻءû̫ĹϵҪףԭʿΪɽ̻塣
ҲǺ֮һҪìܡ
ֵǣ͢ѾʶԭһЩ񷨣ôҪİҲԭİһȻǲеģ˳͢Ӧøķ飬ƶһƶñ˵ЭЭ͸ԭľ֮ͬͬԴ棬ͬ졣
ͬʵһش⽻ߣǳþ䣬һֱйҪ⽻롣־ֻдǻ۵ˣܹóյȻ벻ǽ֮ìܡ
أҲͷѾͳѾǲʵˣһǰ£˵ܹ˴أ˴⣬һǵȻٺòˡ
һУһؼ㣬Ҫ¶һµƶȣǾҪˣǰǺټģͳ壬ǸϾɱҲǿкƣǲɺͳǣֻҪҪ鷳ˡ
أҾ͵֪͢ƶµƶأ
Цһ㣬ֻ͢һһһǴҶǴƵκΣҰȫ˵ѹҵģ϶Ƿģǲģǲˡģǲܸı䣬ûп̸еءһָǿɷ֣ƶء
һ͵С磬˵ǲǺܶ
Ц˵ǹشһǶþͱҪأɹٸִǶµĹء
أҶɵˣ͢ôãضС磬˻棿
յͷȻģǰ治˵ôͬ죬ܶ͢ԱߵķֲǺ˽⣬ҪǶֻܸԭĹǲ˽ˣҲԴȻõģʵҲ˵Ǵø䡣
ʲô˼
ṩһ˼·ҪӦĻҲеġΪȻԭϵΪģأҲóסӴ֮⣬ǷŴҿ˹ԼԴ㣬ұˣԵͼ۳ۣô֬궼ȥȻ󵹱գȵ󶼻ֻʣһ֬ʱǲ˹˿϶Ὣ۸ģҲֻʵд⣬ó׵УЩԽԽ࣬Ҫ¹أÿһյ棬ҲҴеҪĿġ
ռ˵ǰ˵ˣЭ·ߣΪİܹû뵽ôɹȻˣǾӦüȥôҪߣǱҪģһаȫ⣬·϶ǿ˭ЩҪƺãԽԽ
أЩغ÷ǳΪأŶ˸еǳ˷ѽͬզ
ЦѾдһϸԹǵο
һ󺺵ȻС㶼дˣǾͰ˵ȥɡ
һ˵ģһԵˡ
У
һ̧ģÿһضǶͷӦЧ˵Ҹ˶µģʱ˽ƵͷҼֻṩһ򣬾ô죬Լ
նмðԳޣһʵ̫ˣȴɹٸִˣһƻ˹أûҽˣΪԼģʵӱڹٸִҲܼڹٸĲ
ǴҶǳܣΪǰûйΪȷƶȣⶫôŪоأȤˣȲ̿յһ
һ˶ݵģҹһЩˣֳ¼Nݡ
ôȲǺվ˽ַǣһ˶ʮԱ
أǵǿöֳ֣һ־ǡڶ־ǡ
ʵ⡰ǺĻ󷨣ܷ
Ҳʮ
˼ֳ֣һȷһңһԭκƻһˣԼ̡
һôͻҲֿܳɺֻһͬľǴƻʵۡ
ңȷͬһԣͬһ֡
ҲԤʾҪȫƹ㺺֡Ļ
أҾʵС磬Ժ󶼵˵
̫Եˣžͷۡ
ЦһҪѧѧֻ֣úΪĸҲΪóףԲֲͨͬ⽻ǳѣβҶѧҲ㡣
Եͷ˵еҲԲѧǱûɶ֣⣬ѧǷǳ˼һ£ֻйʸѧ
ڶ󲿷֣ȷÿյȨ⣬űÿһյȨ棬ٸץˣ֮ġ
м󿴵ʱںͶأһֿȥƹٸģٸַղƲٸ̣ȵȡǣȻȷÿȨ棬ôͬҲãоڰյӰ
ΪأǶԣǹٸǳ͢Ҳ³͢ѹǣǣϾͳΣǲΪԼͳߣֻΪԼܺߣһҲȷǵȨ棬ǲӦĻٸҲַǵĲƲȨ֮£һֵȻǶġ
Ȼǲܹ۵ģҪһһҵԭǲܹıġ
ؼں򲿷֣ڴĲ֡
Ϊ򲿷֣սͳΪֻУǣɷ
ȻΪȣȻҪɡƽΪԭ
˲Ʋ϶ܹǣɵɡ
⡶棬СԼ͹۷ڹ淶ŵ꣬óףȵȡ
ԭй˵ɷǽȻ෴ģʵԭҲˣǲ׼⣬׼ǣǱ΢ˡȷΪȵԭӵƽյһȨ棬һӵȨ


1390 ûë
ȷΪȵԭһأǵӵҲɵǺܿƺǲ̫
ǡ۷͡͹ǿɶˣǹһЩǵķչƻó׵׼
أұʵɣ⡶۷͡͹ǲǻдȶⶫǮԸģ͹ҲˣҪΪ̫ͣԲΪֻҪƲҪǿ˾Ϳˡ
Ҳ׷׵ͷ
Ц˵òʵҲӦˣͬĻԷϳȣǱҪİ֪һ㡣
̺ΪΣ
̾˿ʵ֮ȥʵ³ֲҪᣬӰԭˣҲҪ˵һ䣬޼鲻̣˲ϸ㣬ܹơԽԽԭҳ͢ǹӶصİգĹ涨ĻҾЩ˻ˣһЩƣٳͣԼ̧ۣһİտ϶ܺߣʱֿ𲻿ɻìܡʵǱذյȨ档ǰ˵һеҪӦҲûҲϣӰ쵽ص뵱ذնԳ͢⣬Ҫսһ㡣
أȻ治ԾǱ֤պС˵Ȩ棬غ㶨ɣЩ̵Ȩ棬һģһ㣬ǱҪԡ
ǣͻһ⡣
ԭˣǷǳ֮࣬ã󹤳̶ԭģҪ˵Ҳԭˣ͹ֶǵذա
ǷԵĻԭռ˵ģԿǲİա޳ɵĻǵֻܵ˺
Ƿǳᡣ
Ǿǻͬ
ûսܸ˵ΪСȨ棬˺յ棬ĵĻҲ͸ɲˡ
ȲƳͿ׼ʱʵ̫ˣһ㣬˿ʼƾƣռһγһ湲֮ͬǾͿܲӦˡ
˰˰
˾˰̫ˣҪ֪ĿǰƳͻʾɵ˰ϹһЩزѣΪԭĿǰ԰Ϊһ˰ǹֵ췴ͻҲˡЩ˰ĻĶˣŪ˰죬ǵҪǮ
Ц¿ʵҲġ
˰Ҳ
ǵȻ
⻹ô
նмǳһϣǶԺͶء
Щ¿ԽԽȣδϸ˰ʵԭ˰ͻ˰һһ仰ǽǮֻǶٵЩǿ˰Щ污
Ǻ˰ͬ˵ǽɶǮȸ֧ñѲ߶飬ٶˣٸöǮӶǣмԱֵɨԱٸƷ֧дǷǳϸȻһŵĽŵóǵý˰
ȫ˵ףɱ٣Ǿ͵ø٣¿ûа׳Ե͡
ЦٸְΪأõصİĸãԼⲻҪĳͻ籣·ͨͰȫЩǹȥģҪǮġ˰ҲΪԼģΪǲҪǿԷϳ˵Ϊ̫ˣٽ˰ôٸͻӦļԱǣʱĻǾͲֹܹٸ²Ҳˣһܹܶ٣ܹǮٸõǮܰ£ǰԣһе˰Ϊȡ
޷ôҲ̫ƽһɡ
ò˵һ䣬һ̫һ㡣
·ȫûִԱı˵ðһصʧȽ˰Ǯˣû˱Ǿû˻ˣʧ
ֵҹٸᾡӶذգǮ˰ϣǹٸ
һͷļһС磬дԸ˼ҲƵĶȷÿ˵˰գǲǸ˾Ͷ˰
ǵģ
յͷҵУ׷ľǹƽûǮҪ̫ıǿҲǵǮǿÿ϶Ǹ̵ǮٸĿ֧ԼٸرĶ֣Ҳ϶ǸˣôӦ̱˸˰ա
⻰ûë
˹ͻȻݵλȷ˰ô£
յ˼ܼ򵥣󶼻˽ɵ˰գ϶Ҫȸ»յĶࡣ
Ϊʲôһ󶼻
ƽ
Цڴ󶼻ˣ»Ҫö࣬ô䱸ԱҲ϶Ҫö࣬ͬ˰գ˵»Ҫ䱸ԱֲҪһ˷ѣ˸ݵλãԼĴСȷ˰գǳƽ
ЩƫƧ׷׵ޡ
أҾ͵С磬Ϊƽ
յ˵
أҵڴ󶼻ֲȫǴ󶼻ˣҲǸ»ǱߵˣǲǴ󶼻˶˰ȥ»ˣҲ˵Ӧãֻⲻƽ
ܹƽ
յҵУһǾ֮ǣڴ󶼻˶붼ˣΪǵĵԸ󶼻Ĵ٣ҾͲ˵ˣˣԺסǱⲻҪģЩǮ˴󶼻ǿ϶ڴ󶼻Ĺ˻ȥ»ڴ󶼻˿϶Ҫȸ»˸ԣΪռȻ
أҲԶԡ
ֵʵ͢ôһǳҪԭ򣬾Ƕ볤̫ԶˣһΪ񣬵ͬʱҲ޳Īֻ¹ٸָܣԼְյֻᱬìǱ룬սὫҲ˵˰Ϊҷģ٣͵ÿԼ˰ն࣬ǵõķȻҲӺá̰֮۸֤ܵǽɵÿһǮʵǲҪǿֱӿ
նмȻûǰһǮɣһжǳ͢ҪǿϽ˰գ¹ܶ٣ܱûеĺá
أҵҲǣٸۣɵǮ࣬๤Ҳ༸ɨҲɾһЩɵǮ٣һ๤ÿֻһֵǸɾġ
ңԼӦţҶòҪֱӿ˾ǡ
һÿĳʲôԼʲô棬ȻԼȥŰ죬͸ЭһԼȥнңҾԤ
أҲϰߺȫεҲϲԼܱȱ˴ҪãԼˮԱģٸûǮдǣֻǸṩһأǰôôľͺá


1391 㹤
һк󣬺վնмȥ˺ãǲҪʲôأԼȥ۾ˣܵøһô򵥡
λǶԲס±ɶλġ
һվһǸա˵
һ㣬ʵȲδ˵úֻǴһ£ûϸ˵ⶼΪ̫ͻȻˣҺҲʱƵġ
նЦɺҵȵǸɣǿҲɲˣǻöлͦΪղ󳼣±ǺģȻȨң˾ˣҪȸǣһʲô⣬ҲѴ̣ϾЩУǻǺ³д󳼻˵ǣȨʲôģֻ﹤ģֲʵ۵ġ
мҲͷҺⷬǴ۽磬ǳ
δôҷǳ֮һһϵµĸԸĽǮͳٸԭտܶûָܣԭնԣ˰٣ɺյһ˰˰Ǯֱӹغ飬һǮܶر
յλȱô˵ŶλҲӦ뵽ˣôĻһǳı׶ˣǹٸˣ˹ٸȨ
նǺǵϷźһһķڷɡ
Ͻ˵Цˡ
ڨڨһЦҿûʲôȶסҪˣԭһΣʤܣԭʧ޴ܹںϳһңҺƽֹԻġ
Եͷ
һԭһԭ۽ūǵˣɻûбһԭԣԭܵþ޿ģܻ㣬޶ӮܾˣһǴԭԭ𺦣ɹơ
һɻĿ
ֵҪìܵĳ֡ͳεìܣǹٸ֮ìܣֻҪһСìܣսϾбͻеԹԶԭҪѵö࣬Ҳôһ˰ԷֹԱ̰۸ܣΪì𣬶һ˰ĻὫÿһǮȥԱûвĿռ䡣
ȻҲָλҲܷʵΪܶԱˣΪ壬ӦðӦѹȣȻռʲôʵҴƶԣռֻҪǲ£㲻һǮڴҲǾ޴ʤʴϣܹ춨һȹ̵ĻԭԱ٣ǿ͢ͳΣֹܱԱΪһ˽𺦹Ҵ׿̰۸̸ܲôôʵڳ͢ͳΣΪһǾͱҪӹٸ
мͷܹ纫ԣȷܹҴƸһ¥
նңסԺܺõǣסެǱ߻ܹ򡣵ҪȶסһƬҼǿͳΣһǳѵ£˰ֺҳݡ
Цλܹô룬Ǻվͷˡ
ʵնмбˣôںǮ߯ҲˡңǵĹҪΪЩ֮¶ģҶǮҾ͸ɶ£ʲôһʡİ
мͻȻǺɣƶҸǷǳ͵ģҲǿеģǣһǽĵĿȫǣܻ᲻һ
ģ
ЦʣҼȻһһдôһаܹܡЩ϶֤˵Ȩ棬𺦵ֻǴ̵Ȩ棬ԼƹٸȨŸո𲽣СˣĶ͹ĿǰǶǷǳģǵſˣ˰죬ǸһЩ޹ؽҪݣһԼȨ񫣬÷涼ġ
նмһۣͬʱЦŵͷ
նм̸֮󣬺ձȥˣŲЩçǳ֡
磡
յСԺſڣƼСҰһ˹
գСȥˣһͷ󺹵ġ
СҰЦȥɽˡ˵ţæӲóһɫĹ磬Ҹոժģ㳢
ս˹оϲ˲һʵòóԣ̫ˣҿܲˡ
СҰһᣬͦóԵģȻҲժôֻǿϧ볤̫ԶˣȻܸСִȥǰˡ
úǺһЦСҪһֻ±ʲôҪһЩҳ˵գҧһڣζŶɿڡ
СҰǺЦ˼ұҰζģϧһЩСӣûʲôҰޡ

ϧûҰޣһͻȻûиһô
СҰŶһһóǣͻȻ˵Ҫȥܿ羰˵֮
죿һ㶡
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գգۣһǣ룬زģȥ⿴죬˰ɣȻ˫Ŀһѵȥˣ
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վȥն˵Ҫȥ漸졣
նŶɵˣ˼أǳ췭ظΣ׾ȻҪȥ漸գδ̫ʱˡնΪղʱ뿪Ҫиʲôۣ˭ȥ
ǺȴΪԼ˵˵ˣȨѾˡ
նرȥߣҲʹӦˣȥգǱվܾˣյ⸽ĵΡ
ڶһ磬վʹСҰˡ
һǣСҰͻȻֲǳģǸ·ģɱСҰԣҲһֿ֣ٶȵĸ·Ҳˬձȿ죬Ȼܡ
գһǳƫƧɽأạ̊́·ǴȻģûκμӹ
磬ڿʲô
СҰ˴ٶȣһĿĹˣʵ
ûʲô
ҡҡͷͻȻĿǰ
СҰ˳Ŀ⿴ȥδʲôֻɽϵӲмһʯͷѣǺȴǿʯͷȥɽ£µǣɽȥһߣһĿĹˣ룬δĺۼѵҲ´أ
ˣһƬȻ
ףиɽ
СҰ˷ܵ磬˵סŴܣţȥ򿴡
ɼȴǸɽ
磡磡
ߣȥûдܣ
磬Ҫȹȥ
ֲС֣ʲô
ϵĿյأ˩ãһܣǣɲ㣬Ȼڣҿ˿ɽ
ףƺס
СҰöڣһֻŻѡƤ޹ǣȻסġǼ̽վģææ˹ȥƣ磬ǣƥƹȻס硪һ̧ͷֺմĿЩƤüͷһ£磬ס˾㣬ô
յ˵ͷ
ԭɽǵնܰʷǺ³׷Ķܵɽ
𵱳ëѪûаʹ࣬еֻǿģһǣҪѾˡ
СҰʷǺ³ǻô
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ҪС֣ǿ϶ôɰʵףСҰ治һԵˣʱҲ֪һطܹҲܲµһ߰˰ˣСҰһˣ磬Ȼ˵Ļǲ罫ˣϾȹ
һЦã
Ƕ˽ڵԼһЩƤʰһ̧ɽ棬һȥϸĵСҰһľͷĹ磬дʲôأ
ձû뷨ɼСҰȳ΢һΣ
СҰֺǺǵȤôдСذףľͷˡĸ֣ȻĹǰ
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СҰС໥ģſĵЦݡ
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˶պСҰһô⣿
һĨâȴװʲôȣһ·ģ
Ҹ㣿˶ûѪȳġߵҿûⷬ¡
̾˿һΪþҵˣðбҡˣȻ㲻Ǹңʲô
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˶滰ճڣȻӦʵʲô
ⶼûкסŶһߵĴæδᣬô˵Ҳһ֪жرгر˵ԭ⼸пգ͹˳㽫ˡ
˶ľȻ֪տеġ˵ʲôҵ˶֪ﰲᣬʲôϡġ
ȴǲգЦǺǵ˵Ϭһ־ˣ¶뵽һȥˣ
˭Ϭˡ˶һȴ΢΢͸źΣ漴һתǣɽȥ
յȥ
˶ͷҲص˵ȻѾ£ҿԻȥˡ
յھôôСҿ㹤Ŷ


1392 ˵
۹ʣ
ǿ۹ʣ
˶ֻҪһ⻰÷ζҪըˣôְŮȻΪǮķ²̫ˣ˼費ѽǣֻҪ뵽ЩΪʧȥ԰˵Ĺ¶ĸΨнǻŭһ̾ϢһѪծˣаʸ񣬻عɽҰģʲôôģ羡ȥ
סǷС˻ɽҰ룬ǾǻĮڣЩʲôְǱңҡ
̣
ǳ˶ʱΨһͷȻɱ˵ġ
ȫ˳˶ĸܣһ£ɫѾˣǵøϽȥ
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СҰǲɽΪʲôҪԸ治֪ɶóԵġ
չСҰ˵̫ˡ
СҰֵ磬Ǿͱȥˣһȥˡ
ΪΣմ㵵
ɲأǻĽҰ룬Ļ޳ûģҪȥĻһ÷ı㣬һ˵ĻҪһЩ
ʵСҰϲաСһȥɽ棬ֻ֣ǴԣҪ˵ĴԣСҰϲһˣĻڶˣԾܣȥչЩӶѵļһ
һΣһֱΪСҰĵ֪СҰôΪġ
˶һЦѧźյСҰ˵̫ˡ
ܿͺˣΪСҰһߣɾʣնˡ
˲Ķһۣ˴жһЩӵĶ
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˵ôĴˣûΪҲȥ»δа꣬ô졣
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һ㶣ߵ˵ˣ´ģô¼ǮôȥǱߣȥߡ
˶һﲻָķȥ
ۣòôɣʵʵŮɻ۰ֻܴͷɥһȥ
˶еһͷһӰ˿üȴϲǲΰ룬Ƭ̣ĿĹˣĿĵĴţľģȫɽһƬƽأȻͣĿⲻƽЩСʯл
վƬ̣˹ȥһʯͷԣʰһ֦ɢʯѣо˸ĹâɼʲôûУȴǼʧ˿
ιڸʲô
ź˵ŵó˶澪һͷȥֻһĹվ󿴿ҿɫ쳣Ƿ⣬ŭô˵õģһһߵô
ŶһǱɽºøߣе㺦£￴ôʲô
ҡ
˶涼ȥˣߣȥǱߡ
ȵ£
ոæס㻹ˣ˭ǣµģ·Ըġ
˶޷ȷǺǣɽµģ΢΢͸һ˿Σȴʲô£
ָָűߵʯԡ
˶ĿһҲ׹ģ
ʲôģյŬ߷֪СҰһܹõСҰֺãҲﾭѽŪ򲻵ܹԣһЩ㣬㣬ĸŪ
˶һۣתԼȡһЩ˹һﲻĵݸա
յǸʲôֲˣΪǵ룬ȻһɰҪְֽ˰ɡ
ְ֣˶æá
УϽְɣ
˵žͶʼ
˶վڱϣһŶʼָմЩʯͷԺоͲǱѩصĻ棬ǿûľûϵǾ͵öӣǵջʱһϲãֻҲѰˡ
ʯͷֳɵģʴ˺ܿ죬˾ʹĸ壬ֽһЩС
˶վźա
վʧôҸιιιɽҰģ
˶ѾϰˣҾǷͷȽϿ졣
յʲô֣⸽ˡ
˶һﲻ
Уˡת㳯Ŷȥ
˶תȥ
ƫͷһƳȴһЦܹʹ˷ֿǿʡ¶ˣϧʹǱۣջǻģΪԲġ
úһ˶һľɽԣֻ洫
ѩƮ㣬·̤С
˶Ƭ̣ȻöУֻһߴſܣһ߷߳Ʒǳġ
ףˣ
ȻֹտŶڵĳ˶棬ЧʻǹģҵĹˡ
˶һľڵϣȻһԡ
Ͳ£ҿϰ壬ҿǷʵѽôţͲҴô
˵գһӦûУĿȥֻ˶ɽһСЦģǵĹʾӼʵĺܣ㲻ŹƣģƭС
˶Цʾӣ˵ķĹҪΪС
պ˵ǹʾӣ˵ǷĹǿɲ˵ѾͬͬѨֱۣȰɫҪ
˶ôҲǵʵ۵ˣʲôûмʲôûһﲻֻĿźա
ǿһˣǸ㲻㣬һ˼ǷǮģʵǷҵǮ治֪Ϊʲôᡣ
ûǷǮ㲻ҪҿǾ˶˵
գգۣҪľǮƣ֣ñ˵𡣡
˶һȥˡ
յô鲻ԸѹƵãҪҵܻģһŰɣã
˶˫Ŀϡ
ȥҲ̫۸ˣҲóѵġ̼߳ѩ飬ѩ飬
һ洫СҰĽк磬磬Ҵʲôˡ
ռææȥֻСҰС忸һͷҰ¹˳˹
СӣǴδʧ
ռӭ˹ȥСҰҰ¹ɽǰֵܶ̿ʼ֣Ұ¹֫ˣɶ֣ⷽСҰǴﵽרҵġ
˶ֻվһԣĿţСҰɲϲ֡һȥǿƽϣУֻһˣأһĨϲææ˹ȥҿʯͷȻһֻСڣһĨϲ֮ɫֽСץ˳Ƭ̣㽫ſСƺһЩں˼£ŷ
˶վͷػСǺЦȴǱˡ
ͷҰ¹춼Ѿˣڶ˻𣬽ֻ¹濾
㻹ôණ
˶һЩ¹ϣһߺƣеȡ
Цҽǰ˼ҵľоǻԸ
Ը
СҰ
ţ
յͷұëѪʲôʡųԣʱҪܹſƤúóһ٣Ըˡ
СҰ˷ܵ磬ǽտɵʹʹһ١
ЦǵȻ
˶ǹһ˿˿΢Цֻǳ޵ϣԵʮܰ
ջ治ǿЦģʱָѳԵ⣬ķǳʹ࣬Щ켸춼ŴԴһ٣Ż׼ô㡣
⿾֮󣬺ǷſԴʵζȶĿҪ࣬Ǻȴޱȵζ
˶汾û뵽һ㣬ǻԸһ˵ζĿ⣬ȷһľʲôҲ˵»ǲֶǺˬĽŮˬСڣһһֱľȫȹ⣬ϰݡ
ԱСҰԲĶƤͷ˯ʵסɽԣֱһܣΨһĵطǻСֲڣϲɽ棬˯
ܱҲʮּžֻľѵ
˶ڻԣŻ磬ȴ˸ͬĹâ
ǱɽʱҲôţŻ磬ʱʱ˵޹ؽҪĻһĻĻŻǵԺһһġ
պȻƤ̧۳˶棬ü˫Ŀһ̶ˮĿȴͫеĻãƾԵ죬׵ʣһ˿ģԵ޶ˡ鼸غڻ̲ס˵Ϊʲô
˶濴Ż磬Ϊʲô
յΪ֪϶
˶һԾȵա
տЦһǶѾˣٶɣԵ÷ǳЦ
˵ţͻȻҡҡͷһҲЦǳĲ̣Ϊ˭Ҳ˵


1393 Ҫ
˶ջĿͷ΢΢Щð
Цɣû˵ھͺܺ¡
Ц
˶Цһҳ˶ʵ۶ϻʲôֵҺµģҡֻ˵ʲô
ʱһҸɵɵ˸ЦǺǵ
˶淴ӦҲɵӣ
ҵϣҵܹһ㡣տЦһԹ˵ʵƾ֮ĶԹԹԼڵĴλǾԲӦģӲӦκϵǰڣԺΪֻẦ˱˴ˡ
˵ֿЦҡҡͷƫƫϲŪˣơСΣȻҲ٣Ҫ˵ΣյģҲôΣÿһζߣҪɱңǾҡܹͬһأѾʮԵ֣ȴôأ컯ŪҲãɺҲգƫƫͷˣҪѱ˴ˣǲܵˡ
˶ĬƬ̣ǵĶԹһջ˽ģʱҾͻ뿪ġ
ȴʵΪʲôҪ뿪
˶ü΢ţջû˵ڡ
յʵ֪ڳֻẦ˺㲢δ뿪гһ뿪ˣֻԭԭһʹ뿪ˣʼջὫһ𣬲ȻĻҲΪⲢϳ
˶ͻȻһԳĻǵĽһǳҡ
յҲΪ˸еǳ£ȴΪǵĽһճ͸ÿضܹһǹһǷǳպʹġ
˶üƺǳ⣬㳵ΪʲôҪ˵Щ
յѵҲ˵ͻ᲻ֽǰסģһջҪԵģҲ뵽ʱŽָű˴ˣ⡣
˶һĨɬЦ⣬ô˵ΪѾԤƵҵĽһǳң޷ıģʵҲѲ¡ұǸ֮ˣҲѾˣǰһŵϣΪñѩޣ񡪡һֻΪˡΪɱ㣬Ҳˣǻкܶ޹˻ϡ
˵ͻȻգգǷ񻹼ǵãҵûаϪصİգ˸ˡ
һ˵ͷ
˶ֵҵʱ㣬Ӧôɻǵ㵱ʱλشģ
ü˼Ƭ̣ҼǲˣǴŵ˼˵һ·ϡ
˶չһЦԺЦΪõһΣķǳϣܹ룬Ҫٳһ˶棬Ϊ˶һֻŴССı硣
ղδ
˶һʱˣϢˡ˵ţԼ̺ߵ棬ǽţۺգðһ漴ۡ
ջһڻߣĵˣ֮ô˵ԤϵĽ֣Ϊ˸е£ǿԱ˴˱־룬ֻǲһ̵ʱ򣬶Էеģܹʱʱ̿ΪԷ룬ϧԼȴûеԱ˴̻¶ǿЦǿЦ
һסԼĶͷƭˣȴƭԼ
ʵԴϻر֪ԼѾ˳˶棬ʵκ˶ѲȥһԼͬüΣԼѵʱһֱغԼԵŮˣöô飬ܹ
ֻһֱȥر⣬ΪǶǴˣǶ֪˶ʼһһߵκһ˶ˣΪʵۣǲתʵһʵҲһֱźգ벻취ȥ⣬ֻѡرܡ
ٶʱҲ޷ѹסԼĵĳ嶯ڷţЩ˵ˣʼջûֱ˵˵Ϊ֪˵˳ôͻƴһȥģôֻṼ˺ܶˣͬʱҲ˳˶̫˽ˡ
һԼǧǴ࣬ϱ̫ʹΪˡ
Ԥֵİ飬һ۵ġ
һҹעߡ
գ
˶ˣСҰΪ˯磬Ϊ˯š
磬ǻȥ漸졣СҰŴ۾ʵ
δ𻰣˶㺫ɲˣģҪǻȥɡ
СҰɲΪ˶оȨֿա
ճĬ˵ͷ
һȻǣԼµɽȥ
ɽ£ֻͷɽǳ˶ȴֱ뿪ˡ
ղɵ̾һҲϵ˹ȥ
ҴӦ㡣˶ԡ
˶ƫͷȥһĿźա
յܷκ£Ҷ㾡ȫȥ߳·ǡϣܹ֡
˶沢δΪⲻܹġ
ƺҲϵῪڣԹ˵Ϊҵʼ㣬ұһ޴־ͬʱһսˣΪ㵱÷ӱϸҳһ⣬ҲĿ꣬˵;ȫΪ㣬˵㲢Ҫԭ򣬵û㣬Ҳܻ·Ҫܹۼ֤ҶԣǷǳҪġˣҲϣܹӦң浽һ̣ȸһһеģʵûѡԸС
ҴӦ㣡˶Цŵͷȴ˰ˡ
ҲЦˣһ˵κ¶ҪЦȥԣΪܹƭƭֽܽκ⡣
˶ʵ𣿡
ûУһŮ˺߿һ
ҡҡͷ˷ǲľ飬¼˭ܹΪ˻žҪϣҪ׵ĸеֻҪϣôٴҲܹ˷ġ
˶Ц˵øһЩ
պǺǵֻ˵ʤɣⷽרңֻһ⺺ɲͬǣСһ˳پʧܣСʱ򣬾ѣֺˮģҸ˵ҾĥѾ٣ʱҲΪҾһžԼԼȥΪʼգֻʹңһ֮ջǼþһֶλΪҲԸ䣬κʱ򡣡
˶Цһ㲻Ҫǣǵ㣬Ȼũңﶼ֡
ѽ㿴ˣһֵۣ˵ɵɵΪβװһɵƭһˡ
ʱ˵
˶˵žɱȥ
̴󺰵ιһˣһǿզ죿


1394 
ʵո˶õ˽᷽ʽһһɱˣĽ֣޷ԤƵڷչĵһ̣û֪ᷢʲô񽫻ˣҷ࣬ǲܶԷʲôѾ׼
ڻȥ·ϣͻȻһ;ķ⣬±ʱʱࡣ
ɣǻˣҪٲҿҪȥˡ
⺫ոո̤ٸնӭ˳һ˿е˵
һ㶣ôʲôأ
նأѾ̸ˡлдһ˿֣ٵʱ˵񣬽ȫԤϴˡ

վȵ̸أ
ȥ߰ѣԤҲð²̸ףϾ漰ϵ
նͷʵ뿪ĵ죬ʵѾ̸ˣΪǲδҪĶκ
⡪
Щ±ƣȷЩʼδѾϰ˼ƴ÷ҪԣûӦ
мй̸˺ա
ԭһճ־õЭ̸£أҵѾѧˣ֪Ǻ̸ֵУһҪȥֻԼ棬Ļɤð̺ͱأκνġ
Ǵ˷̸УǴһϸоĺдǸϵǻʧȥٺ͵õ١
ȣһңһ̸еģǲ̸㶼һ㣬ǴƻƾʲôǣҲ޴̸
ؼڡ˰ΪؼΪֱӰ쵽ǵ档
оһպǷԼûбȥĶѾǵ㵽ȻǵʶˮƽҪȥֻ˵һȻľñȺҲҪ̫ˣûбҪôӡ
ڡ͹ЩǾôҵչѸ٣ʱۺ񣬷ЩֻԭͲǷ񶨣ʵԭ㹤̣ܵ˺ܶƣǺûܵƣռȻڣ̷񶨣ôԭ˿϶ˡʵôΪûǹƽҲסǺҲֻܳƿûС͹Ļ϶ʾףΪԼˣ̫еˡ
ǵʱٸȫԽƵϣܵͣտ϶ΪԭնôãΪǵôǺ˼
˰ĻǾ͸޻˵ˣɶ˰ԼٸҲۣƫƧط˼ҲҪô๫ԱȻ˰٣شҲԽһǮֻʱҲ˿ɱԹһ˰ɾ¶һΡ
ҲûŬȥоʵ벻õˡ
ǺͻȻܳȥΣЩ֣̿Ҫʱ򣬺վȻ
ֻ˵ǾĲࡣ
ûа취δüԼأҵˡ
һ棬ֺղǶ𣬷һƨͲûн˵ʥˣ֮Ƕƶ൱⡣
ǿЦãλžΪЩԣǷǳҪģҽǿԻȥһ¡
أæС磬Ѿ˼ǹģҲҪȥˡ
ҲǷ׷׵ͷ
Щ͹Ƿǳģǲ˶붼͹׼ģȻҲᷴԣҪȥ˵ˣ˵ƽķֱӴӦҶҪˡ
յģ
˶Ƿǳ϶ĵͷ
յãȻЩԼģϣҲܹأʱǶչذ£Ҷõʱֳַָ
أ̵С羡ɷģСǩЭ飬Ϊǻĺƽ棬ȻźС硪
˷׷׵ͷ͡
⻰ɱ˵ֻŶͬЩʱҪǳʲô£ҵġһΣֻǸṩһܣЩʲôǾġȻҲȫûΣֻϣʲô⣬һ˵˭ĴΪЩȫµģܲУҲұ֤
أҵֻҪСԸһٴѣҲûܴ
˵úã
˵ҲǷ׷׸ͣƨˣ
ɶһȺƻĺ꣬Ҫʲô£Ǳ
ƨĵֵزˣջ˵ʲôֻεͷУʱôˣȴ£ҪõµʾһὫһЭسӦòǺܴ󣬵ʱʥּķʽ
ûеΣοûһеһжʱİţϸ˵ôΥģô£ôȲʵŪĲãǿְܸ졣
ǺΪĻǹҪһն࣬ҲһգλӦģΪô˵ǰͳκ˵ķʽǸһˡ
ʱúˣҲҲûкƣôȻأǺܴȨô˵ЭջڹٸЩʵյļƻҲˣ븳ٸȨҲֻγЧĹģʽҵܽһչ
أͻȻС磬·Ѿ޵Ĳˣһջģ֮Щ˱ʧȥƣǺƳв˶Ϊ˸еġ
ǴҪĿ֮һǡǡǺյһƻ
ҲҪĿġЦŵͷʾ԰꣬ûмǴĻԭѾвһһЩרչëë
أҵд¡
ǳ͢һߡ
վߵмǰֶεһҲǷһѩ֣죬ȫԷ淽ʽ̫ڴ飬ǱΪԼֶΡ
˹׵С˼ǣЩȥЩ£
յͷǵˣϣЩԸһЩ¶ҪදԽܾڹȥ˼άҪô£ǰΪľǳ⣬⣬ļֵñ˵ëëõĺãҪ⻹ҪֵǮһЩΪؼǣҪ⣬ͱ뽲ˣëȴܹҵĽǶ˭мֵһĿȻ
ƵƵͷ໥ͷӶ˽
ֵܶණˣͿǷ񶮵ãҪסԭʼǵƣΪԭ߱ģʵǽ˴Ҫ޷ӵеĶֻҪǽԭƷӵ£ôƸԴԴϵԭνԭƷӵˣȵһ׸ȽĹģʽ
ҪˣҪˣ
޿ҼСͽ̡
ǵȵÿɾһ̡
ҵҷ֮¡
ǫİڰֵ֣Э飬Эֻǹ涨ÿӵжǾڲԣǽָ˼Ҽһ
һ˺ѵô
Цǲԣ⵱ȻǶԵģֻģʽЧʣʵܼ򵥣ָſȥɱޣᱻԷɻơקȭͷҪĶࡣΪʲôÿ岻ͳһ
ͳһ
ҡͷǲУֲǵģÿ˼ҵԼܹͳһ
յβܣǿԽǵĲһţһ壬רŹӶȥȵһһһڰÿ˼ռĴСţĶ٣ܹõٻرΪĻǲĲƸȥҪΪɹۡ
˵ëҼһȥĻÿÿëޣҲø˼̸УǮǶ٣ǶԷȫΨеӵ㹻ԴǾǶԷǣռȨλٶھ̣Ӧöܹװɡ
أĿ⼱ƾһѾΪˡ
ֵңܹʡñ˵Ҽֻһͷ򣬵ҲҪȥţһ˿ʮͷһ˷ѣͳһĻĴЦţĶ٣ùĶ٣ܽʡٵЩ˾ͿȥɻԼȥһЩԽԽ߾ҪֻԽԽ࣬ǲݳͣǵֶΣҲøӷḻˡ
Щǳúһ
ǣСһҵȻȻʣҵǸм
С粻Ϊе̳ɶͳһʵ˴۽硣
лС硣

ǰ˵ֻҵķ֮¡
˵ֵ⣬һ㣬ǹ֪ܶǷǳõģΪƣսή֮ǲȱٵģΪҪǳϧһὨսרųһоԺһЩϵרоλֻҪڣͲûԡȻǶӦĻǿҪһ˰գЩˡ
أǱüҲú˵÷ǳеȻ˭Ҫϧǲ֪ȥտǸָһ·ǣ䣬ֶЦ
𿴺䣬Ǽ˰ȴ˰ˣΪӺҪ˰һҪõǵͬ⣬ǽǮʵ


1395 ϲ
Ȼ˵ô࣬ǾǿǷǳӵģҪһκܳʱȥĥϺΪ˰עһȫµĹģʽǰȫԹΪĴͳǽȻ̸֮ͬ󣬺ִЩѲӣҪѲӸһѲӣһ߸ǽ⣬ôȥ
ʵ˵һУҪ㣬һܱߣкܶܶģ˵ҩɽҩԭǷǳģΪʲôȥרֲһЩɽҩ
оǳ򻯣ΪȡµʽЩ󲿷ͶܹõţǱȥ񹤡
ʵôҲΪ˰һĻǷսĳɱʵ̫ˣ򲻹Ļһգԭǳ͢ṩʳģǲפ̫ʿһ򻯣Ҳ巢սĳɱǰ幥ԭһɨԭʧأԭ򵽱ɶûУҲǲȲݣսɱȫԵȣŪԭƣӮҲ䣬ûˣʩг򻯣Ƿǳսͼġ
ǺҪĿģֹսıĿǰԣսƻʯ
Ȼأǿ벻ôԶڶǮȥˣһʱ϶
Ѳ֮ϻص𣬺ָնмڡٸιֿܻ鷳һ㣬ٸܹǿƣǵĿֹսǰںһ𣬶ǰǡӶǣĻ绹ᱬսġ
նмҲǳ޳ɣΪެôһŪ˾֮·˽ֻ֪Ҫһңެ϶˳ƽڴսĿ£һܳӡ
һֹȥʮգսҲˣʱȥˣһ˳ĿɱԤеҪõĶ࣬ӣڿѾϸˣǳơ
أǿǷǳĲᣬһؿǹˣӺѧٵı£⽫һò
նмˣΪΪѵ⣬ںǰܿӭж⡣
޲ɢ֮ϯջ̤˹̡
ղǻسȥ¹Ȼ룬Ӧ뻯ġ
ٶ̤뵽¹ȻʱѾȫܲսµϢһ·һ
ԭ۷ݡݵʳѾ˷ٹǣʳΣңһϵе߰䲼նδǳϣǣΪ׬ÿһǮɶԼģûٻˣҴҶǳҲѾˣһظǣǻƴĸɻެһ¸֮Ժһľ׬ǮûʲôҪˡ
սµĴˣܿԻָ
ںٹǣ뻯̵ټ뻯նһնֱúȥЩӴԴӺ뻯λ֮󣬺տɴδ˽ǽӴȫͨ뻯
վǲЩ󳼸оڸԤǵȻʵҲһԤģһԽԽ࣬ѧĺգ֪ǸոλùȨʱֱӸԤ֮٣ΪԼֻһܣ࣬ټϺ뻯ҲҪȨ
ǽ뻯գԵǷǳġ
ռüѾû˰ˣŹʣ֮ǰҪˣ룬ȨһöܹΰٲҲ֪뻯Ϊɺ֮æҪﻹпȥˣŹѸٰߣǶ֪һжλŮɺģĿǰû˿Ժ뻯ĵλ΢΢׵ɺˣռȻӦɺȻʳԡ·ϣصȥຣǱ߿˿ƺһжչľɺǽü˾岻ѡ
뻯ҡҡͷʵûʲôⶼǺɵߣʹѾһϢ¹Ȼ˿ϣɣںߵЩӣҿĵʲôľúɵѪ
⻰˵ú̫˼ˣ¹Ȼëϵķˣ˺Ǻ뻯ڨڨɺ⻰úճϻ̳Ͽ֣ʵҲһֱǹ¹Ȼ룬ΪҲ֪ǷУˣ֪ڼгʲô⣿
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ԭǰԪĵ˳һŮⱾһĺϢԪȴлһĪجģԪԼ縸ĵλﺫյŮȡΪ顣
֪ڱԼ飬߯Ҳˣ˵Ļᵱһ磬ԪյĻԳ˵˼άȥжϣԪսƻ͸ԪĵпܱƣȡΪ顣
Ҫһӣյûνͺ飬һŮѽȡΪ飬õĿӵ
һºտǹƼҲûʲôܹˡ
˵ڶ̽뻯ǡ
뻯ɵˣղ̸ģôվͱˣҪǣջ˵ԪĵˣΪԪĵɲ÷ˡ
ĻҲӦˣߺ뻯ԼҪȥ
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Ժſʱֻڻŵƣ滹Ӱ߶ϲƿԺţʱһʱסŲվԺſڣһʱ䣬ӿͷҵˣ


1396 
ǰ໭棬ںԺһһôĲʵôãȻһһж÷ǳʵ·úһֹС
ɫͣһƬհףȴǰ·˽ǰ̧š
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̧ͷغ÷ʵЩ鷳ɩɩˡ
غ÷ɴδĺգҲ׵úܣЦ⻰ɾͼˣЩɡ
յͷڣüһٸһӤ˳㷢䣬ϸϾļǰҪӰ𪣬񣬴ƣɫϸϸü˫ͫˮİȹȴҲڸǲסǸȴµġ
ŮԪĵ˭
Ŀԣӯһоڲ֮С
غ÷Ƿ޶һۣǺЦ˳ȥֽŸϡ
ԪĵͻȻչһЦˡ
һھӿͷæǰȥˣԲһˣҡ
ԪĵĻ뿪֮ǰҾ˵ֻҪܹȻұˣö̫Ҫ
ĵ
ǰʱֻ뱧סǰŮˣúõ۰һŸոſ֣·ʩ˶һ㣬ԪĵеСӤֻСӤԲԲģ˵ģֻƻȻû˯ţֻȴǱյýģߣĽë΢΢ţüëֻ£ĸһС˱Լָڳ̣ǿɰ
⡪ҵŮ
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ĵǵŮͻȻ鼤˵һͷȴԪĵ滨꣬ĵôأ
Ԫĵһ˿ֵһۣ㣬úõãʲôŪҲ̲סˡ
ޣһ㶣ĨһԼϵˮԪĵҪһЩȴѿɵǺǵжֵǧΪǵǧⲻ
ԪĵЦֲʲôġ
ǣ˵ǡСװֱͷ
ԪĵһɵһЦҪô
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ɫһɰŮģҡҡͷǵһٱִֽŵģɱŪˡ
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бĿһƣСõȻٱô˵䣬¶һ˿ЦһֻѾԪĵ쵽һ룬ͻȻϡһ
Ԫĵôأ
һԼԴ㿴ҶôģŸջ糾͵ģ϶ˣĸŮԶһ㣬ոŮ˺ӤʱȽһϸͿġҡȥϴ衣
æҵĳƬּ̣ææ˳ȥ
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һæҪҪæ˵䣬ѾߣͣǰûмŮƵá
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˵ŮˣڨڨһЦͻȻһˣĵɱģŮȡ飬߯Ҳˡ
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յǵŮȡΪô
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һ㶣ôأ
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յĿһֻŮ΢΢죬ų̵ƣ΢΢ſһ죬Ѿ˯˹ȥ
ѽֵˣˣ㿴⻹ŵġ
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һԪĵصڣûˣɵһ㶣תͷʱһ˫ѾǵԪĵһ
ˣҿˡ
һ̣ţ棬ˡ


1397 ţذ
峿
֣
Ԫĵ˯㣬ǰһ飬ʶһǰֵĴ֣ˮߵĿźգֵһϣô

һԹֻǳֹʡĵ֪ôģͬʱУҡĿˡ
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Ԫĵ˵㣬ȥŮ
˵ţƾҪոæסȡȻȥҡ۷Ź⣬ֿʼ֣һ˫˶顣
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ⶼûпʼˡղĹһЦ㽫Ԫĵѹ£Ŀעһ覵ĦӣĵҰ㡣
Ԫĵ֮ɫݣֻ仰˵֮£̱ʥȫıˣסĲ
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һƸ󣬺Ԫĵ´ãµôԪĵȴ۵òˣſڴϡ
ոеǳһԪĵգĵȥǡ
Ԫĵֱֵߣߡ
չһЦȥ

һԺУͼ󹷳еġ
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ŵһԾ̧ͷһֻԪһǷĿָԪյ٣㻹ҳ֣ƭҺòҰ
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ȴһƵܲˡ

ǲ֪ӶôƤճǰ£ʱʱ̿ҪұţҪǻһ֣ܰӿˣȥéƵãҪȥ콫ĥˡº󣬵ǿԻˣ˯ʱͲ˯Ҫ˺˵Ųޣǲ˯ʱͺ˯һ˯СҡҿжǣҪֻ˵ĻǶĥġ
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1398 ֮
磬ȷʵЩ°
㱣ԭֻҲֻԼ֪΢΢Щһֻ̧˫֣գϸţ˼ʲôࡢʲϣҿͦѽﵽⶼ͸һӽƻ
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1399 ԭ
帮ǸʲôˣҶ
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ҲһĵĻʵۣһųĻʵۣԸվӰ£⻰Ǵʹһ仰Ϳ԰ƽ֮⣬ƽ߯Ҳˡ
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ӹͣ޾ϣܹͬɫһ䣬ЦŰڰ֣ͻȻࡢˣ֪λΪΣ
Ϊ˵öԣҴԭ֮ɫڸϽ˵
ɲɵƽʱԲε飬䣬ϣǲģΪεĲѽϲ̩Ͳ̫ϲΣβԼѶϣȱһְ̩ҪӴһЩǳ޼Щ󳼴аţıƣŷλʵǳ޼Ϊ׵Ĺ¤ŵʤεʤηǳ֤ѡԼǶԵģҲӡ
ڶô˵ˣ൱Ȼֺ֧ա
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1400 뺺
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մŽȥһ飬ȻһӣȻ׼

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ԭϰ״ͬũһֱܶһӶûг壬Ǿ޶ϴĿһҶΪơҲƣֻľͨϰ˵ʷǳǺϡңкܶಿԹ˾̡
ڵΪˣЩԶģɽ̻ϷҪ̻ЩˣȾ͵øıִ³ϰף㿴סԭĺˣԭϵĺ˿ǴͬΪѧϰԭĻ
ЦУڸЦôֲʲô
߳ŭ˵Ϸֲ壿
ѵôպߵννúᷢ٣ֵǺǺô֣֮ض飬ڲԭϷǺˣԭɣľǺˣϰܸĵҪģаȥúڲԭֳʳ
ֱǿʶϷ˵ף֯ûҲʿ̣˵ЩΪȵɡ
Цҷž˵ˣ˳ƶΪҪǿҪΪȣİձͳ̡ҪʿΪȣ˵Щ˽Ϊ˼ҶɵӣīʫʣǺ˵Ķôʿյĳ·;ʿũ̵ĻǺ˺ȻήΪȰգ벿죬ΪǺѿ;Զ޷;֮·ΪЩ˻Ӧ𣿶ңȵ۶֮һ˼Ǳ۵ġ
ںߵȻҴͳձҴƵǵȻðҴƵƶ
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ЦԲӣ񻧲ÿ궼øǮȡһ˰ĻٿԼٹѹ˵Ǻѹ
帮ҴƲŸոݲ˰ֻȨ֮ƣǻ˰ģɺɵ˰ɾͲñ䶯ˡ
պǺǵ飬ȷŸոǶͻʾɵأв˰ɣһֱҲ賣͢ҲһֱɹΪʲô鲻ڶͻʾɵճ˰䲻ԭ˰Ч󣬵ҲĹ涨ԳƶȣһֽһƳ磬ΪʲôԵĽ䵽ͱ˺洦Ƿѽ⡣ܹ취ڶͻʾɵճҲĻҾջҵĻǸܹλѧԸΪʦ
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صϰױʹΪͬԭصķΪͬԸοԭԭҪıǲܵģԭǰҲѾ˵ˣǳ͢ںһ𣬷֮Խʶô˵һҵìֻӾ硣
ũȥȻǲܵģʿҲǲܵģΨԸȥǲɷģֻһĻꡣϵصĻôܽĽذۺһң㣬˳ŽΪȵԭ򡣡


1401 ͳһ
˼ʱʱͷ
ʵ⻰ܺ⣬ԭʿˣҲԸԱȥͨΪᣬΨ˳⣬ҪͳôȻٽص˾Ψһѡ
ռ˵һֱԭϣܹкƣһɹȵ۲ŲȡƶȣԺƺˣƶȷǳɢʷǺ³Ѿǳ˽ѵɼ಻ء˳ΪǼǿͳΣԺ˺κˣӦȫԭٸƶȡ
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ȨףһǽһǿͳΡ
һֱĬε˼ŵ£ɵһ£в֮һֽңҪԣһ죬ֻ»òʧβȾôȵԺ޸ġ
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ȵ帮ڡ˳ȥбĿۺգƬ̣һЦ䣬նֶΣó뻯޶̾Ϊֹ
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ҲûдΣҺˣµģֻǵʱѾݲҴĿǣʵѱĻСǿ϶ֹҲô˾ǰݣ˵ĻҲ»ҴĴս
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ԭǽƾͼƣѽҶƭȥˣðһ˿ȴʥ
ô˵˶٣ŵȷǽһǿ˳͢ͳΣԭĻȴһһ˰ڴ󵨣һӰ쵽ԭ֪ĺ𣿡
Թ˰նͳν׼ԣǾǸڣƿز˰գͲ˵ǻʵۣʲôѣ˽Ǯӿڴó
յһ˰ÿǼǿͳΣΪûйٸƶȣֻд󶼻˵ʲôûУֻҪһ£Ƕһֽ
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յ£˰˹ٸȨʵǸ˳͢ȨΪ΢һ˰ǵԷǳģض䣬˶죬ҪϵĵǡǡǾΪȱģܹܺõҳ˰
ôһ˼ˣ˵ȥ
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˵úе˰յҲڵظʵۣԭһôֻԶԣǷɢģԭͳһģʵͳν׼ɼһ˰ʵΪƽٸ֮Ȩ䣬Ϊͳ壬ì֮䣬ڻǵ֮໥ƺ⣬ûйϵֻ˵һƶѡ
ҲӦ˹ʵǵֶΣжȻһǰû뵽ģֻȥǿͳҪǿ϶ҪǿȨһζļǿȨɽ߻ʵԶҲԿƣһٸ̫ȨٸֿƲסصĺˣӦȡƽʩһ˰Ժܺõƽǣһ˰һ˰˭Ҳ
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1402 µ
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Ȩ⣬ȻǿߴЧԼա
ѾеƶΣû˵ΪϾûеʵۣ֪ʵ۵˼ģƶΣξͿԼȥȨ⡣
͵ξˡ
ԭ˵ȴ£һ˾ܹģ⻹Ҫ󳼵֧֣Ļ帮Ϊɣ涼֧ǣ־£ǿİ壬ӦĻп϶һֵ֧ģӦĻҲֵ֧ģǻʵΪϲ͢ڳ޼ʱ˶ֳ֧޼ɣ޼ɲͷεͷҲûãΪʵ벻󳼵ģȺԣʵҲһС
ֱվм䣬ںǰȥͻȻͣںǰбĿһƳʵ֪һʧˣɴʱее
յ΢֪΢һɹģΪԼģֻҪٸʹʲôҲЩ͢ĳԻΪ˰տǡ
úǺһЦԭѾ·ˡȻˣǾ԰ɡ
̵£²˳٣͢Ӧ̵ǲĹԱǰȥϽùٸƶȣȶסһҲγǶެİΧơ
εͷƼԱȥɣ
ΪȣĲ̫ҪǰѴЩ˰Źȥֻʵ䷴ԱţýȥŪ
΢
ջǵͷˣϾջʵ̫ΪˣҪܹЧͱߣһۺ̫ڶ޷ɵΰҵؽǧʷʵҲʹôƹѸǿެĮγɾѹƣҾ㹻ԭʼǴδ̤
Ψһı׶˿ܻԭƶȲһǼҲƶÿһգӰ쵽ԭҲӦɳ͢飬кܶĿռ䣬ڣսȨڳ͢ͷȫȣεȻӦ
ճǵ˿ɫǷǳɣն࣬϶θʵ˵ֻެһл֮⣬ͬʱҲ͹̣ʵֻΪ˹ȫ֣˲ެͻ˵ެȫûнġ
ǺմʱϾȥЩŸջδܼͥĿ֣ææȥ
ŸճǵΧŮӭū澼ɡ
찡û갡պܲ˵ʲô£
һ곤Ůɣʺȥһˡ
һ̾ҲֻʵʵŮ԰ǱȥΪ󳼲ȥ󹬣ÿﶼڻ԰Ӽա
԰ڣֻһλӺݻĹͤУ԰ʢĻ䡣
ͤ⣬һ񣬵΢ղμʺ󡣡
Ц˵
ǣ
ͤڡ
ǴһºգЦǻˡ
ΨпЦ
ЦѽÿسȥȥʲôøɳһЩĶǵ
յʺ󣬳Ҳ룬ֻ˵Ƚϱʱɡ
𣿡
߻ú뻯̳пɺ֮λ
ڨڨҲʱƣ֮١ʱ㲻ú뻯̳кλҲú뻯
ⴹҲŮȥɺδѽ˵ҵʱˣųһ亹
յʺ˵ǣȥȷʵЩţ¹Ȼ뵱ʱȫпܵġ
Ҳ˵һ㡣ҲôΪ˴룬ûɺɲôõģ뻯һŮӣҲδгһܹϿɺδΪ׼Ҳ߱ⷽĲܣܹ¹ȻôҪǳ˲Ļп϶в˵㣬ôʵ̫嶯ˡ
յ֪ʺǷ֪ʱ뻯ȥ۷ݽټ̵ʱڣ˷ٹǣҳ뻯йεۣ뻯չֵĲǺ͵ʶѾˣʤԴһܹ¹Ȼġ
ȴҲƣΪƫƫ¸Ȥѵ¸ΪΪǧŵһŮ·ʣɣѵҴĲǺЧӦ
Ըˣ
һЦֻ㣬Ҫʲô¶ԼԽ࣬ԽΪʸ֮ġ
ѵֻǹңҶأӦûһҰİɣջһЩ׽͸лʺĽ̻壬һġ
Цŵͷֵл͵ΪֹҽмҪ¡
㶵֪ʺ˵ʲô£
ȻѧԺ¡ջѵ֮ǰųȥ˵ѧԺὨµѧԺҲȡѧƶȣвһĸף£ҵʱҲ˿ڣû뵽ȥôãѧԺѾѧѧԺȴδ䣬Ǹżˡ⣬ʿѧԺȫģѧԺܶԭѧԺ˼ҶѾȥʿѧԺˡ
տɥʺⲻֳܹѽҲû뵽ô⡣
ûй㣬Ͻý¸ˡ˵ţֵˣˣ㶼ˣҲһʱոյڼգЩ°ɡŶǸ˵һϲˡ
øжѣȷĿǰΪҪģæֵлʺ£΢м
Цȥһأģֱ͸һģӡģǹӻ龢㡣
𣿡
ǰ治ǻȥôôԼĶӶûмţ
ջصң¾빬
ҲǵģһҲͨ飬ҪҲʲôһ̶Ȳˣô빬ô
˵ͦƵãհֹһ䣬ԲԵӦüʱ빬»㱨ġ
𣿡һЦ̫˽⺫ˣͲôһˣҿ˵ﻹԹֽˡˣȻȥɡ
һĨϲɫ΢ˡ
ûʹƴϡ
صֻվŲˣ񡢴ùáһȺΧһеӤתӣӣˣǼȼ
ȿգǺǵˡ
Ͻôǰеһ񣬵Сˡ
ͺãͺãЦŴźգȴؿŵĴʯͷ϶֪ձɱһ¡
ʱһСӤǰӤСֶ֣㿴˭ˡ
ռÿǸӤԣüĿ㣬£һСȴ͸һӻ龢ҧָбĿۺգڴƵãȴּдһ˿ǲһ飬ʮֿɰǵöùǶЦ
Ҳֶֿ֣
¸ȡӴӳһ𣬾ڵĺܣǵһΧתſġ
ǴùúǺǵѽ
𣿡Ц
Ǻǵù˵û³ʲôʱʡĹ㿴⵱ĸףŴһʱͿʼˣⲻֻϢȥˡ
˵գЦ
ͻȻֵЩǶлùİæոмܺһ񡣡
ǴùæգǸʲôһˣô˵ɾͼˡ
Ҳ˵ǣ˵ֶҲǿɰĽҲǷǳϲֶҪһղﻹšˣҪҪ
ִֽŵģֲ֪أһٱɡʱ治ұ


1403 
Ȼǹүˣǵճӻˣλүҵĵλǲѽȵճûòһ´󹦻æµ׼磬Ϊսӷϴ
ϣһڴ棬ӦյҪ󣬶ЩҲϯˣҪǰ񷨵ĻȹУŮǲͬͲ͵ģǺִҪˣҲֻȥˣ
˵ҪôĸӣҪôΪսӷϴ˭Ҳû뵽յ⾹ȻǶЩˡ
ǰһһƣȴĸмչĸӡŪöǶ˼Ϊûʲô׵ģôҲҵѽֲǰ˴
Ƕںնԣһȴøм֮ݵģΪЩ棬ԭӦߵģûǶھľչĸӣչ˵΢ܱǷ񻹰ԭ򣬵ǺķǳǳмΪĸһС
Ȼһм֮·õΧҪŨңһ̣Ҷ˴ˣȫûκθң˵ҲˣʱʱЦ˵Сʱ£ҸЦΨһ»һ硣
ȻûиһҲźǺЦһпԽϲλŮˡ
ȻΪĵľǺգһݺյĸܣǾҸ
ҵգķǳǳܣһǰδеĵУķһֱĸоǼҵů
һжСӤġ
лл㣡ӣ
ĴδԼгһܹᵽָоʱԼӳŸм
Թ󣬴ΧֶˣֶһϾ;ȣϲһȺΧĸоֶԲһѸ㣬һʱ𣬾ڶǰһħöǸЦɾһʰˣֻҪֶͣ۴ޣ޵˺ѷΡ
⺫ͷصݵֻܲϵı䰡䣬ֶڲȫûо˼һֻ
ֱˣҪˣŷŹգûнոſ

Ů֮󣬺ǳֻ治һɵĻ
Ǻǵѽģǰæ̫ĵġ
СʵѵҲôġ
һЦû˵ҲĬˣֵѽȥһˣǲʡİڵϢʱѾȫˣ⵱ʱ¿ǻеģҪָϻһǿɾ鷳ˡ
ǣ
ͷ˽ѵǣʵҲ⣬ҾǱŵĺá
ɲǺһЦͻȻ̾˿ԴҲǼأû뵽Ŷã͡ϰ
յҪ˵ѽӦǸߴʤ
пǰߴʤ
ղ̫ԸЩ£Ͼеһ۵㣬ˣ˵ǵĶѾˡ
һ㶣ﲻ֪Ҫ˵ʲôͱˣӣ볯Ϊ٣Ҳǳ£ڳ΢չһ£ԱǵĶ顣ʵѾǷ㲻ˡ
յͷ֪ӵ볯֮Ҳƽƽ棬ϲµģȻĻܸ߾ãǽģʹڣҲ̸ֻֽԸһ
ͷ˵Ҳ޵˼ǣ
յСΪƶֻܰˣܹжΪǵĶֻҽͱ;ȥѧԺʦȥʼѵӪб־ĻǰǲܵģҪúһ¡Ҫ˵ĻСȥúһ¡

ţ
յͷǼڳֻɫȮɲģҪܵ࣬׵ٿɲôļ򵥣һ޴ıﵱУﵱ٣ԵõǳõҽĻǳΪ͢ǳһɹĻǰ;⣬ܹõĻôջصԭκ¶ܹࡣĹԱһЩֱвŸɵĹԱնмáµˣǻо֮ţܹѧϰǿġ
Եͷ˵ò˰Ҫģչ˿չ˲ģñ˵һֱΪģֻҪǣڼҺóҶԸ⣬û뵽һȥѵӪ˶ˣɶ㰡
ǫһ䣬ʵˣôûп
ŶһʱСǾȥطְȥˡ
ԶԶԣҲ㽫¸ˡͷ
Ƭ̣УһµĴһ¡һ죬϶ҲˣȥϢɡ
һҲѽڻǳҪйճ˴֮󣬲δŻȥϴ˸衣
ϴ֮󣬺ջصڣֻһϿ飬üѩۣ̺죬һĨü䣬ɫڹŽɫɴ£һɫȹӶøӷ˵ģ͸ֵԸУò˵һ䣬¶ڴŻױȵ츳ҲЩľǷǳޣúպ淢һ죬ϲ񣬿Ѿ׼ˣϲ
¼úˣȴֻ֪жôѴ˰ɣŮħͷչš
յһۣ˹ȥ㻹˼˵ЦúܿŶ֪ҡ
㣿ºߵҲûôɵˣһСճˣ񲻲ˡ
٣ҽղ٣㻹ǵϷˡ
˵žһʳ
¸֪·ģһʱӦոѹ¡
ʲô
ٺ٣ͱװˣôԸУʲôգۣ
ʲôԸУƽʱڼҶ㴩İ±Ƶ
װʹװҪжƵԡպٺһЦ⻰һһ߷壬һ󣬾ϲˣһ㡣
½һ죬һְסֵĴ֣ĿԲŭƭң
һ㶣ʲôʱƭأ
µ㲻˵ֻҪҲͲô
԰ûƭ㰡յͷ
µʲô
˰ΣѵڰʾҽҵɣУֻǴӦ㲻û㵱Ѹ
ǡ
ţռĻͱˣǲܵ£öѾ췢ˡ
ͷһһĨʮã»ϡ
ģܹƵġ
ôء
δ˵꣬Ѿȥ
ձ˴Ļҹһҹܾ࣬кȥͬǿտĴ꣬Ȼǿܵģ廹ǳʵģò£Ҳȥ


1404 粻
ܽ£쳱ⰻȻǣҹ֪١
ûʲô뷿֣ܹ֮˼֮ࡣ
ЩʱĲҪ̫
գ
˲䣬;ĳҸУֻһеһжǳã·͸ƵãɴδйָоŰɫɴ
ڿʲô
űʵ
־һбĿһƳԭﹰ˹䣬ּĿϣһû˯ӣƺҲһʣ÷ǵûش𣬿˲״̬һֱзĸо΢΢һЦһ§סĦţֻǾԼҸ
ѵǰòҸô˵ַһૡ
Ȼǣ
շŰۣŮ˵˼άôŹ֣Ƭ̣ǡô˵ˣѾˣڴʱ䣬ҿЦŸ˵һԲ𡣡
ԡ͡һֵ˴ɱأ
ˣҶӲŸոճ͡˵պȻӦѾ֪ˡ
ͷûа취ñ»
յ
ɱºߵ࣬Ȼô޳ܵļҲ
պǺǵܷһЩ˵
ΪΣ
̫ˣ޲ͬ顣
һЦͻȻſںϣգĿʵˣź뻯Ϊ¹Ȼɺ
֪⡣Цҡҡͷ㲻뵱ɺɡ
ֱҡͷҲŲ뵱ʲôɺ̫ˣ˵仰˼УЩʱǺ˭ȴֲ˵ú˵һϲʼҾ죬ƳͶ񡣡˵ֵ˵뻯ܹѹסô
յҶǺĵģΪȷͬһŮӡ
һʲôͬһŮӣһŮӺôֻСŮˣʲôŮżиŮʲôǾ˵üⶼǰƫѡ
εһŮȨˡտЦõͷ˵Ҳ޵֪֧ģŮ˲μͶûôļ򵥣֮ԻΪ˺гŮ໥ģͥͻìܣ˭˼أҾҪŮԣһЩŮԲѹȣͬʱҲҪشͳΪͳǱһĵŮҪֹȷŮ˻ǵԼΪ
ڷң
찡
ճϻ̳ϿֵҾ޴⣬ʵҾλĸͦġ
ô˵գ۵ϲյĿ佱
˾ľͲ˵ˣܹΪǵĶȥéһ˽İû˰æͬҲܹ÷ǳãʵеҪĶֻ࣬˵ǴƫԼǲеġ
һЦ˵ؾͲ˼ƽˡ
Ƶѵûнô
ٴ⣬ΪҲ֪ʲôڿҪȥˡ
ԣһȥͻȻԼһˡ
ȵı飬Ц
պݺݿ佱һͻȻţԼһĸףһߺСһȥױ̨硣
޶ϴ֮󣬾ͼȥ
Сֶո˯£СӾͰĥˣǾʮ㣬һ˯Ҳͷ۵ĵط
öȥϢԼںߣҡҡ¶˽̸Ŷ˯˭ҸСʵһԶŮ󲿷˳ö˵ĸһЩһʼҲôΪģǽϸԼĶӣܾеǰüëȻ㣬ǲµüëָоǳ
Ȼɲ˵
ðʱùþӰˣȥͣƺҲ֪ǻһֱڵǷޡ
Ҳ֮֡
͸ոճ꣬һ˽ү񰲾ֳܾ˾˾Τ¡ټ˵үصġ
һ±ƣۣӳôˣڲأҲ̫һɣ
硪ǲҲԣǸոպá񱻺Ūôʲ⣬ûҧԼͷ
ֻ͵ЦֵСֶճʱǶŮоǴǣԼҵĺѣѶδ
˲ˣҪڣ˼Ҳû˼ѽˣ˵֪Էôõһ׽Ļᣬôܻװ˷ѵ
վƨɵϷԼʴʦַ𾭣Ϸˡ
Ƶˣûôɰɣ
Ϸƭ
ЦǺǵľ˳ȥ
ֹԽԽƻˡ
յҲˡ
ˡбĿһɡ
Ҵˣ¥ûȥԩдЩˣҪڻ԰ֵһЩңڸܵļͥҸӦЩ¡
ûа취˶ѾˣҲֻܳӭҲصԺȥˣӸڳ
գ˵Ѳк󸣣⻰Ȼٰ
⺫ոոӭ̴ǴЦ
տЦõʲôѲûôš
˼ĵϢǾְ
ڵԶﴫ¡ɲ˵ʲô˵£ûǸϽˡ
ΤЦҿȻɣ뻯ѾϿɺˣйһ档
ԶԶԣ̴չ˵˵⾿ô¡
٣صģµģտһźç
˼ҳ֪ȤЦգϲϲ
Τǲ̷Ӧһεյϲ
ˣŽ뵽ڣ룬ȷˣȻֻʶģóðʵλ񰲾ֺͻʼѵӪǱ߻𣿡
˼ЦʼѵӪǽеĺܺãûŵѧһֱûпʼܶ˶Թˡ
ⶼС£ӵҪĻǹ񰲾ڵطϵĽ衣
ʵģԣؾһأûʲô̸ģҲѾ͵ˣ϶ǴйĿá
üͷһôѵֳأ
µûг£ֻڽʱΪѾԴԣǽ񰲾ֽһҲһЩ棬主ԣسǣع񰲾ʩѹӵ
üعϣ
ӵͷΪصľأΪصλüΪҪͨ볤ٵˮ·
˵վ͵֮кڰֵ֮ط֮أ˾Ȩ񰲾֣ûиɹΥ֮£Ҳ˺ǵȨ档
ӵˡ
̴ֿܾ˾ѵûлһ𡣡
̴һͶڷʲô¶ɣջ𲻹ʲôǰﹴôĿŵҲû֤ݰ


1405 ɱ
ﹴ
΢΢ü
Τ۾³̴˵ŪǺһûкʲô¶ɣȵ񰲾ֻǽ˾ȨصĴȨУںܶ෽棬񰲾ʹӣ鿴ǶӴ£˵ˣ˵ҧˣ񰲾ֻҪò֤ݣûа취ٸҪǶԣȷǷǳѵģⲻǽ꽫񰲾ɫĻʼҾȫɳȥˡ
յͷ֪ˣ
̴֪ûãҲ֪
û˵ܾ˾㻹˼˵㶮ʹĺô൱ڹʣҪĹڻΪʲô㲻ȥ㶨
̴ɲô˵񰲾ģһƻҲ㶨ģ⣬Ȼǰʱ⣬ɶҳƽģһҿ治
ûë
һëҲûУ
Ūúնˣ
ӸæԲգ»治ܹܾ˾Ҳû棬ǱֹˡΪҼ¶оļƻ¿ɴСһãܻ谭񰲾ֵƹ㣬ҲŽܾ˾֮㡣
ǲûҲûеϾҲһֲ帮帮ǻ治ңΪ帮ĲҪ覴ñر˶ʤѽܲǾȥǡʵԼͣ³ָӰ죬񰲾ֲųãյǾطٸһЩͻҪԼ̫谭ܹЭЭ
յͷЦףУһ㶨ġ
̴Ͻһ㣬һʼҾҪҵˣǿɶҪȥطϵġ
Ҷ˵һ㶨ˣ㻹ҪƵ
Τ۵֪ܵУϣΪԺգ׷ݵӣøܵȢ˱µİٴҴһֱΪ٣ľ
յҿ϶֪سģһôһ취ģļص谭ȽϴȶңʱһŪ
һŪ⡭̴Щ鰡
⣬гˮҲȽѣöֻǲԸ϶ѣҲûʹʲôֶΡΤС
̴Ҳֱͷ
̫ˣǶһɿˣҿ˵
յ˵ͷ
ҲֻһˣҲ֪ոոջûüûбҪٴظ壬ҺѾˣ¾ҲˣҲ˵ſ϶Ǽʱ˶ˣͦεġ
ҲûϴĸǰŸߣŴٶ˺žˣⲻ˵϶ŵġ
һع󣬺Ŵʵɣһжðɡ
Ŵ̫ƽս£֣Ҫǲ⣬ﻹ˶٣ֵ˸ΤʷǳѲӵѾˡ
ѽҲ㶼ˡæʵջ񣿡
ŴȫķԸһЩռ걸صĲ״ǳã⵹ûУֻǡ
üֻʲô
ֻһЩСˣŴǵĵ֪ɽһЩصĵһЩֶȥ沢أΪҳ˰ƶԣū澺͵ɮǲҪ˰ģЩưգðճΪԼĲͿԱ⽻˰ֻɳ͢˰յķ֮һһЩɮϣԼػ£⽻˰ǳ١
ʵΤةûйô
ŴΤةȥҪΣЩ֮£Ͼ˼ɡ
óƬ̣ЦټһңҪǲһⶼûУҲ̫ˣٶһЩ⣬ȻⲻǴ⣬Ǿȱ˰ɣȴ֮𣬿ԭ
ѯ껧֮º󣬺ĦȭƵٵ飬ӦúùѽԴϻرһ帮Ӧࡣ
鼤ҪǾͺˣ帮Ҳһ£񻹱䱾пտȥжǼѰ;帮ͲҪ޼ɵĽԼȥвбµĴ󳼶ȥˣǡǾһҲֻܸŭԡ
Цŵͷʥ˵úãвԱС
ΪĿۺգȫվں£ǺǶ帮̣ǲˬ帮ĲŲܣͽ۱衣
Ҳ֪ٹúܱЦ帮ͷûбҪӲӲâñ׼Ǳȫ潨ٸ
δ˵꣬ٺŴͬ˻棿
ĸ鴫ʥ⣬ʱҲ˵ֵϣ˻ᣬǵһЩȥ١
üֻͨбĹԱȥﰡ
ЦÿʲôʱĵطҲΪˣǲһЩȥϣЩ˷һᣬʵѧڳñԵ
ٻһ
յҾͲ˵ˣǳؼһҪأһҪһЩֵˣŪһЩӵܹȥǾǺǣҲǺǡ
Щ⣬ڸʲôѽɼֲԸ˵ҲֻܵͷӦ룬µȥ̫ξһ¡
նʵϣȥҳ޼ɡԱŷ棬޼ɳƵڶû˸ҳƵһġ
ûн̸ãһЩʱ䣬ˣǸ߲ã˾ͨ˾š
⵹ЩܳûʹϵӦȥʹϵ֪һ£ɲܵոϽǲͷı飬æŽӭڡ
һ£赭дĵһϲǺûг֣Ϸˣһ̫ʥϣڶǴ󽫾̫ξ޼ɡֵ⻧鰡
գϻ̳Ͽ֣СӺεºܣǰλᲢۣңҡ
Ϊ̣ЦϷԲʱȴԶ㣬»޶Ҫ㾹Ȼܹȫ̸֣֮ʵ̾Ҫǻ˵Ļֻ»ɿƳެһ֮𡣡
Ƭ̣漴Ц˾գĪˣʵ˵ɣǲ»бȫûԤϵôȻѾռãǲִӦսĻֻҲռˣҪǻˣެ棬ʱֻ»òʧ
̵˵ެһսɷ⣿
΢΢һ㶣˾վΪ¶
ͷ
˼Ƭ̣˾գҸ֮ӦԱ⣬Ϊެ߾ǶţҪŬҪأǴ֮󣬳£ĻֻҴΪУҸҿ϶»޹¹Ȼ룬һΪͳһԭⲻΪķṦΰΪҴƵʱռݾԵĵƣһ¹Ȼ뱻ռ죬ڸԭûŵ㣬Ҫϸԭʮѵģֻܲȡء⣬ҾһֱǿģͼıԸĻһս
ʵΪҪ濪սҴʤ㼸Σ
յɣҴƹʤռŵƣǾӸ£ҾսΪެսҴĲ൱
üͷһ壬˼Ȼ˵ĻһһҪϷǰ갡
һ㶣˾մ˻
̾˿ҴȻűѦʹ󡢳Ƚս֮ΪҴƿвܣȴԷڣĿǰûܹϷнӹ˧죬Ϊ˭޷ķڷϷô˵ҲǶʮ̣ھлһŵġϷͳϷŽһģϷ˵Ļһʱ϶ûܹһ佫ķڷǿެŽᣬֻ¸ȡʤˡ


1406 û㲻
ô꣬ȻҪԶ㺫Ҳǲġ
һʱڣĳ佫ڸУҲǺˣնмѦʹ󡢳ƃʷȴڣΪ˲ű˭󽫾˿϶᲻ģҪնͳ˧Ļƃʲô뵱ͳ˧
²ϣ˱֮ɡ
ͳ˧вܣָӲˣҲǰ״οǿެǱҪ˧һģȡʤֲǴ߾û¾Ϳȥһ£߾Ҳûз߾ǵɶˡ
һҧ򣬵ǳҧѾθ滵ˣĿǰ˵ֻԿ˧죬һ仰ҶԸӣûа취ֻҪڴУǾܸƾN⻷
Ҳ÷ǳеӾú棬ʵ˾գˡðһ䣬˾ĵλôҲֲ£˾Ļֱȥ¡
㵱һˣһ仰帮ҲҲѽң̫ңҪԼ࣬ɱʡ¶ˡ
Цһ̫ʥַ߾ҴٳɵģǽΣҲ
˵̾˿ԴǻعϷˣֻ̲ǴӮ⣬෽棬Щʱ򣬴Ӯ˵ˣֻ˵һǧ˰١ô򵥵Ļ㲻³ˣһ̵ֱ񡣡
壬Ҳͷڹ꣬Ԫ˧ζְ٣ҵְǴ̣Щ¸û̫Ĺϵ
̿ɲС˵ԼոǿͿԵ塣һ̣ĶʳһǿݡǱش֮սðĿˣڷ䵣ʱϽƳÿһ̣ǶڱףԼСĴۣȡ棬⻹һֱڳӯС
ֵα飬ʹһọ̃ȻһֱӮиãûսĿģĵ߰˰ˣõķֹμ벻佫ֻӮˣ໥ԤڱĩãǽǷǳµģγôһ˼ĳ벻򣬶һ
һ˾յ˼Ҽ׼
ͷⲻˣǳϷ򻹻Žһ̸ˡ
ΪʲôҺգΪǻ飬ŲҪǮģֻк׼ˣƲʸһ̡ǣ൱У帮ڣǴδһߵģ˺յǷǳҪģҺǷǳؼΪһֱڲ£Ҳղ̫ġ
ΪѸߣϣܹ֮꣬ɨƽһҪȻҲûпͼģŻôżҺա
ճΣͷл˾ʵ棬¹֪ˡ
ҲٶԣֻϣܹΪ׼ãʸһ̣ߴٺ֧ΪҪĻֱȥ̸Һô
˵º뿪ˡ
յûмŻغã˼ţʵԼĴ㣬˵һ㣬ȷǺˣȵȥˣû˭ʸӹ˧ΪҶ࣬նϣǳ΢ԶԶмţ̫һ㣬Ѧʹһ㡣
Ȼ˼ӣ߲ã硢ˡ
ɲͷһٷ԰ɡúգˬʵЦ
պǺǵһֱΪλԷûһٹ벻ġ
һЦɣϲϲ
ллһ죬롣
ǶѡʱȻ䷹ģǾϵʱӦòˣΪû磬Щ䷹ɡ
ڣҿ˿Цֲڼô
պǺǵŶͻȻԼʴʦַ𾭣һͳȥˡ
ͻȻ
һۣЦ
֮󣬺ϲˡ
Ƕ˱л̫ʷΪСȡ¸м
Ƕ֮ͣҳݡ
˺ȹ֮󣬺ָһ
ЦǼడ
ҡҡͷ仰ˣһ첻æˣǿɾˡ
ԲһЦ
ʵ֪λɺã
ǻ֮ǶûͷԺЩ½ľƷԺʿƶĽ̲ģû¾⻹õ
պǺǵ̫ʷǫˣʵ̫ʷȫԾģҪ
ڰֵȽϺãøϽȥǶǷǳŬƶ鼮ǵòϿɣֻǵĻԻࡣ
ǣҹȥڨڨͷͻȻһ⣬Լô˲ţĿľҪԼֵһ£⻹ǵԼԳȥԼһʲôͣǾͻɣľѰ˼ţ취һ㡣
ͻȻŶ˵ˣַǴнչ
վϲ𣿡
ЦǺǵ⻹öһұ
⵹һϲ£ûи֣ܶ뷨췽ҹ̷İ
˵ҲģҪǾ̸ԺԺȶĹΪоûȨ
Թ緹֮硢Ҳ뿪ˣˣõȵȥԺ̸
˿ɾ͸ˣһһģҶȵģֱӾţҴպһģҲʲôܣȴŪúһͷһֱʱֲŽ۵Ҫ
ȵڶϣ뿪ȥ˱ĴȥˣȻ
ȥҲ͵͵ģߴ֣ߵרͨ˵ߴֵĻ϶ᱻǮΧסֻؼҿСǣݼ٣ûеʱ˷ڹ档
Сո硪Сո磬ˣ
ھеĲʱǡ壬ɰѲˡ
մһ²壬ĲѾԼʰĸɸɾǰǸȵĲˣЦǺǵСԽԽͷˣ
ٺٵСո磬ͱЦˡ
ʲôЦյڿ㣬Ϊҷ¥ܣǾҷ¥棬ҪǸؤƵã˭Ű֡
ǣϲѡ
ʵˣСǿڼң
Сһ͸СҰǳȥˡ
üͷС֪һˣҲȥҡ
ǺǵСո磬Ͳ֪˰ɣ˼СڿǷ˴ƣڽ棬æˡ
СӸʲôվ
ڣ߳һգϲϣС磬ˣã㡣
һ㶣ʲôˣ
ҡͷҲʶɣľڸ̸
ʶк棬ֳŲҵȻ㡣˵ţýС
еһˣĵĲˣһһʺãŮӶ࣬ʴ˺ҲЦŸǴкԽͣԴͣǲôҼѣϴϴϴڣɣľѾûܾûгԹˡ
ȻǵĻҲŵ˹ҵɣľ

ɣľոϽ
ɣľеֻ⣬Цŵͷ˵ҡ
ɣľ£Ŷ⵹ֻС£ҪԳ档
øӺ棬˭ѽ
ɣľֻǽһũ򡣡
ũ򣿡
һ˵ǡ
ɶ
˵ǿԱѧƴͼҲǺ˽⡣
ƴԽԽ棬ߡȥ


1407 
ңֻŴֲµĺӣԼʮ꣬òͨ麩ӣƨɼǰӵıߣ·½ӵƵá
λǡ
ɣľ꣬Ǻӱд񣬵С˲μɡ
һ㶣ʶң
ֱͷСҼһ档
յͷһָҲɣ
СˡСˡ
⺫ˣԵøӾˡ
ǲ̸ģǵĻ
лɣлɡսս
ɣľ֪óһűֽݸգҪǵġ
£еˣⲻǵĴձôҵĶңǲôɼ滹һЩûüù˸Źâԭһƴƴ治ĸÿĸжӦͼͼþ߱η
ںܳʵҲ׼ŪģֻΪƴոճδõҵͬԺմȵĩ֮Ū֪ĩͳȥˣǳ֣㲻ʲôΪҲǳϮģǵģһһ˲ţִһ³ðһ䣬𣿡
֧֧ġ
ЦţҺϲⶫ֪˭ġ
ԴϲغɵĻƴСһ㶼ⶼСŮġ
СŮ
վȵŮ֪ƴ
غɵĻСŮϽѧԺѧ
ѧ˫ĿһȷʵϣŮʲô֣
СŮ»ۡ
»ֹۣһ䣬ͦϤģŶ˭ˣŮ͸˻ʺһȥĩ󿼣Ůǲ˵һ
ֱͷ͸ֽ֮ɫ
յ˵Ůģ
ͷӲǰеǮѾˣСŮôһ취
յô
СŮ˵⡣
պǺһЦʵԼûǮĻн裬ǽвⷽĽôֻҪãпԽǮ㣬⣬ܹͨġ
СŮ˵ֻǲ
պΪΣ
СŮ˵ǲˣⶫܺ÷ƣûбǮȵ˼ҷƳǾ˼ˣֱɣҲܹеѡ
СŮһŰڹհֹһ䣬ٹᣬ򣿡
ͨ
ֱһƨڵϡ
ɣľ˵æںնߵ
һ̧֪Ҫ˵ʲôȻ˵ֳڵϵĳأ

æɣ㡪˵Ǯö۾ˡ
ٹᰡûͳɽ

һߵͷһߴޡ
ЦٹԣɲСĿҽȴ浽УҪپȡ١
ǣ
һĨᣬɣСһֱдǮϧûǮأ
Ҳдˡ
ЦЦɣľӻ֣ȥǷ¥ġ
ɣľﻹЩʹһ˽˼䣬˴ȥ
Ѿˣһл޲ǹųȥ
ջЦţϿȥɣ
һߣɣľʵһʼֻҪʮǮ
֮⣬˼ҲҪʮᣬе̸㵹ãֱӸʮļǮɲôġ
պǺǵ˼ʮ𣬾˱ľͷôҲŪīģұˣ̫ˡ
ɣľһ±ơ
Ҳûٹ⣬治ֵѴ࣬ʵҷ˵Сַˣļٵģ
ǡġ
ɣľȥβʱ򣬾Ƕ߲ãСԼƳһֱһװС̳ĲˣǱͽСֱ˾ͽСֲˣʵҲǸģǱǰĸҪóԵĶࡣպȥʱ˲̼֣ǻȥʱ򣬴Сﹺ˺ܶܶСֱСֲˣɲˣҶСﹺָймźɽŶСԤָСս𣬱ȳҪ׬öˣҲͱȶôһ㡣ⲻǰһ£Сϱһأ׼ĹģɲһĴ󰡣˵ľһٶ
ĿɿڴðΣҡͷСӣǺǡ
ĵ۾ʪˡ
ɣľˣԼ׬Ǯʱ򣬿ɴδô
նǮûʲôٶǮܸСֱôСȡ˴ĳɹȻǳˣδϵСֻнյĳɾֻͣСֶöҪԼļͥҵ֪СôţX
ڽһҲû˼ʽеĽȥ¥ˡ
գ
ոôԺüӷڳ
㣡
ռĻһܹȥ㣬ˣ
üһɣŭ񶼵ˣôС
ѽҶˣԺpinӰ񣬻汻סϽջͷҾΪˣŸ˵鲻Խһϲá

ŶתǴһЦ
ջͷһֻݶתǴڴ͵ЦţٵһЦʲôϽӭǵĶһһӵ˭Ҳ١
ޣ
óźһСո磬ǽҾȥǽ㣬˵۸ҡ
պһСãôţͲҽСִô
ðͷСֲŲġ
ЦǿɲһСֿҵĻҪݣһء
ҡ
üۿˡ
ˣˣ
ϽվҲǵģһϷŪá
ζãģСԸ⣬ҲԸ⣬Ҹǽ״ûãǵȥ״˵Сո羭ռǱˡ
ռζҼ㹤ʡ
һ»ؿˣҾ͸˵

մ˸СãԽԽɰˣС治֪˼ĸȻܹģĽ
СһȻû˵Ҳûм˵Ҫ״ˡ
ոϽתƻ⣬⻰̫Σˣˣǲڼô
ڣҪ档
һ㶣ʲô˼
õСո磬ǲڣԴ֮ݳ֮ṫӾǽ㡣
յûоܾô
̾ɶǺǵģֲڣκþܾ
СʵӦöǰȥɡ
ͷǰ죬һȥרűǡ
Ŷһ˵ͷ֮Ѿأ
ζһǰѾˡܶ˶ҪһΣΪܶ˶Ƕ϶ĿǱߴԺѾĲˣŵȵԺݡ
յͷˣǻҪıһ£һȥ


1408 ֵŻ
ʵ¥ҲǺյļңζҲǺյļˣ˵ܹմҸĸоô¥ܹմͥĿ֣һǳɣûʲô˼ɣĻΪ񷨼ҹ棬ǻоĸоʵŷ𣬱Ƚͣ˼ګǱ߿ɾǷǳͳĹ壬¿ɶһһۡ
ڣ̸ŷ¥⼸·飬¼ûУΪ¥Ƚ٣ʵһ磬ϵ£ȫɣľڹܣζǴʣ˵û֮Լ֮İţЩӸ׷ϡݶǡ
Цò֡
̸̸ţѾ磬СǺ͹ǶûлǼ˾Ե㣬ģҪſ壬ѾΪ¥Ĵͳ
緹󣬺վɣľԼСڣѯʹˣҪǹȥĻ㱨
ڸеɣҲڲϵӣС
ɣľǽһݱݸգϻ㱨һЩҪ飬һȲģȻѾͣһ߳ԾƳأһʱ﹩Ӧϣ϶Ȳġ
ɣľձееͳƱ֮ŵһȥеĽǰʮǴȴﵽǰʮΪǰһνУⴢֱӷӦľָȥǽоһֻ꣬ˣӯΪڷչֻҪϸѹأĺѿġ
еĲѾȶЩҪУѾǲܵģԼкܶڽУҪǵˣǾ͵ÿ
˵ЩʱɣľںյĳݣϽˮ಻ǺһֱҪӽнҲ׼һӵġ
Ŷɣľ˵ͻȻʲôƵãһ¶ǰԪҹңѾݽԪУ˵ѾǴЭ飬߿ԶһΪ£ʱʼһĻڽкԪжĪİΪ¶ûңû״Ӧ
ΣҾ˶°յͷ£߿ͨҪãһǱġ
ɣľͷֽ治ú⣬ֵоǣɽзеĴȯҲԽԽ˶ѾϰǵĴȯǵĴȯֽŲǷǳ˶㿴ǷܹĻֽš
Ŷһ˼ǣѾоµֽأ
ɣľͷֽǱߣһùһֲݣһָֽţҿǳ֮á
ʵĹŴʵкֹֻܶ˵ûеõ˵ӣⷽ溫ΪҪһȥϮһ˼·ܹġնڹŶȻҲ˽⣬ЩʱҲŴ񹤵Ʒеǳȣñ˵Ƴʺĳǽﶼýɵģɼǽ𲭵жϸĹûĻûġ
յʱҿŶҪˣҼʣҪӵĽĵزϣǵÿһ˶һѾǮŵǰͿԼжܹ߶١
ɣľ֪ѾǽֽзȥˣҲ屶
յ˵ͷһ㣬ҷԭϵͶʲ࣬ǸǮͶͽ棬ԭ϶ǶԷǳҪǱӴͶԭг
ǶǷ¥ҲؽӣĵأǴӲ򡣡
Ҳûоͽ򰡣յ˵üӴͶ룬ǮȥҪԭϣҪסѡƶ֮أԭϵͶʣҲøҷҪû㹻ԭϣʲôҲ̸ˡ
ǣ֪ˡ
ʱ˺磬磡
Сǻˣ
յⱨϻῴġ˵ͼææȥˡ
һ棬ͼܵͷ󺹵վԺ涫滹СҰͻС
磡
ܼܵգ֣գ׼һܱ
ȴһסһС֣԰ҷƣ
ѽϣ磬û㰡ʱ㲻ڣܱܵסͨͨģȴЦµ
СҰһֺǺֱЦ
˿ߵʵ
ܵŲӣЦһֻ
յ治֪ÿһˡ
ܵܵһ죬ɬ˵ʲôˡ
װ
պһһ§ߣȥ˵ȥ

Ŀյϡ
СҰԾһϣζһ˫š
ϰ߿£ǰŤŤܵܣ˵С֣ôŮƵãЩ˵
ܵܺ磬˵ʲôأ
յȻ˵㷢Ƶ¡
ƣ
ܵС۾һ͹˵ô
㶼ô𣬻ʲô˵ġյҵȻ㷢Ƶ°
ܵܵ£ٺٵҵȷ׬һСǮȫ㣬ŶСҰ
СҰһЦȻ֪Եɡ
ȴƣʲô¶ѽҵʱڣʲôϵ
Ϊ㲻ڰܵһڣⶼΪÿسԶŶСҰȴҡ˵ͷҲ֪£ҲСҰ㣬˵ǡ
СҰ̵ôأǾ˵˺ܶȤֻȥǱ·;ңԶðɽˮֶǻĮڣԿ࣬ûȥġ
ô
ܵܺٺЦ
յˣˣȻ˵˵¡ҲƣСҰСǰ̱ôᰲοˡ
Ŷ
ּܵ˵æҳ˻ˣֻСɱˣҲﲻ㡣ҪܹﺫǾͺˣֲȥҾѰ˼ҪһζĸǴšٺ٣ŪʺϴŵĸСֱСֲˣСֱǽǰĺøӺóԣСֲʵˣֻóˣȫϲҵʽչޣֲ˴洢ĸһЩϧʱ򣬺Ѿˣҿóȥû뵽öϲԸ¶𣬽ͱɽˡ
ִƵմҪΪˮ׼ģСֵһַڴˣ˴洢ʱ䣬Ҳɹһؼ
ȫû˼ЩֻǳжֱŷСʵһûб䣬ֻǱøӳˣСӣУ»أ»ҳԶţʹ㡣
ܼܵһ׵յߣ磬˵ô
շŰ۵Ҹƭô
ֺܵܵǺǵЦ
ͻȻСֱûзͨܵô
ܵһ㶣ҡͷûС
Ϊʲô
СֱΪСҰģͨûɶϵҲʺϷͨܵ꣬Ⱦ͸ͨ˵
滪Ҫ֪ͨôãֻµʱ״Ӧ
ܵ˫ϣ룬˵Ҳɵ¸ͨܵûɶϵ
չһЦֹɵԽԽˡ
ܵܺٺٵⶼǸѧġ
ſɱô˵Цҡҡͷ滪УƵۡˢô
滪ڨڨһЦЩ˼˵ġܵߴ˵ڳегѾ滪ռˣԹնϰˢۣҶ滪׬Ǯ֮Ҳ֮ѧϰֻǰ棬ĿŵøӳԶһЩ˺ܶˢۣƽգӪһˢرƷôϰˢۣͬҲȡ˷ǳĳɹ
տǶˣԼһЩӦˣû뵽Ƿ¥ѾĴ̣ͷȫˣôһˡ
ܵܰѽһҾһӣɶˡ
滪ҲС˵ǣܹ׬ǮǵҲģڷ¥ںң׬ٶǮҲģǰɶھͻɶǲı䡣
СҰ磬ԼҲһô
һ㶣ЦüָпҲΪˣͿԿԷƫƫҪŻԷ
ܵܶںԣһŷ˼ĵͷҾú⻰˵ÿһҲûҸǰɲǿԷôͻȻбգûС
һﲻС֣۽ǷŻ⡣ֱǱ
ܵѵ˵ôҲǵúҲ̨ݹϷ˰
ͻȻһ͡
ðܵ˷ܵ
ۣôˡ
׬ǮȻͣǺǵѽСҰɶھȥ³ԡ


1409 ƤҪ
һ˵ԣСָͣžҪȥгֲƴ֣Ҫһӣ׵ı
ЦҡҡͷһǰȥɲȥгȥԺšСǸȥУкܶóԵġ

ոһһ̧ͷһֻһŮ˽ǹ˭
Ǽ棬ġһ
ЦˣŮ
Ǽǰʱģ
յһ磬һֱ㵽ڣ㣬һһжӵ
ĿҾ֪Ů˺ӹȻûˣҵĻˡ
ȿȿȣ
һ̧סˡ
һ˵Ϸ㻹һ㡣
Ů˵ս˲ٰбĿһƳι˵󶼴ûȡ
Դף
ҳͷշ˷ۣɶǺǵģɱˡ
ί⻹㡣
ңյҵʱ˵˿԰ģ㲻á
ǵʱҲѽԴȥ¹Ȼ룬Ǽ춼ңô˵ҲֻһˣܲȥôȥǱ߸ԼǱҾͲܲȥ
յԼѵ㽫ǶԵأ
ûⶼΪ֮֮ʹǣЩ竹ܹ뵽һǳӵ¡
ˣ
˵ǲǹ㣿
¶ǳ˵΢ЦʴŮʲôҪҰæôƽûġ
ﲻҵģǡ
ʲô
գգۡ
տЦ㵱


յĸԸҵ檣ҲŲˡ
ĵ˼ҿӶˣҲֻеˡ
ˣɫڸ˵ҪֵԼֻẦԼҿչȥµġ
ЦôԸΪȥ帮ƴô帮϶ΪͷҲϧһдۡ
ճĬ
帮۵Ķӣ帮ƴҲᱣסģǹֻһˣǺջ᲻Ϊ˹ȥ帮ƴһԱȣʮˡ
ֵҲҿ㣬Ļҿûʸ֮䡣
պǺһЦҪ˵˵ģҪ˵ڶֻû˸ҳԼһˡ
һ̾㴦λϣֻҲһ
յͷԹҪæʱ򣬾˵һ䣬Ŀ㲻ܣҲܹ·¥еˣҲˡ
ͷ
ҹĻĽ٣¥ַ̱ǷһæţСֵʲõƳò˵СֵĳջǷǳ츳ģҲΪԣһһĲ˶ɫζȫҾٱʹԣò
Ϊʲô¥ôºܶɷߵĴҲҪڷ¥ʵɣڷ¥˵ʲôʲôյЦǸǼҳ㷹֮£ûʲô˼ɣ˸ͬһã޵ڶˡ
һֱȵʱ֣Űݡ

յûмŻطϢǶԺз
ôô࣬ϽȥϢɱ˷纮ոϴԡ𣬼һԺУ˹
ЦûµģֻǸոջ
Ҳ֣ฮۡסƫϲ
յĻñ´һڣסʵǮסﶼһéܱլԹؼˣûҲ
˵ô
һЦѵһӶȥô
յΪʲô
һҲżζأҲʱˡ
һ㶡
̾Ҳѣô׷ǣҪ˵Ҽ˾˼ңҲǷǳѵģϾǶǸ˳˵ЩˣѰ˼ҶܹǣҪ˵̣ҿɲӦ
ʲộ˭ҪҿڣҾԶղϡ˵ţֵ⵹Ҳһ⣬ܲǵŰɡ
һתҵһ⡣
һƣæιιιɱҵ⣬ҽǿԼã˵˲̵ġ
˭˵ˣӦҲҴӦҪƳǿ֪ˣ϶룬ƳǿƢҿ˵ģһ
ǡʲô˼ε
ԺſôЩҲǸ߹㿴
һ㣬תǿѽ
ЦǵȻֲǲ֪ǰǸʲôġ
պٺһЦԸأ
üͷһ壬ôֳˡ
˰ɣɣľǵ£֪ˣһĶֵأù˭պǺǵ
˵ˣ
ӻ֣ȥˡ
Цҡҡͷֵſǿһԡ


ա


ʱ־Ǹոսţͼˣ˾˼ګ
˼ګЦһѵֻ˷ѩշż٣ûеҽҲżô
ոȥ˰Ϲèӡæǰռ
˼ګɣ
л

˼ګһˣֵܵüȮϰѽ
ڨڨҿûйϵ»޸Ĺҿܺߡ
˼ګɵʱ˭Ҫȥģ
նʱƿԡ
˼ګǰͦ͵ģôһϰͷߴͲʤֹΪ֪࣬
ǣչѵ£ģġ
˼ګһȻţֵػһְǷĪˡ
Ц
Ҳǹ¤ŵˣƣ˼ګܹףֵŶڵʱչˡ
յݵô
˼ګ˵һжչĺܺãҲû˵Ҫлл㣬˵Ƿġ
չһЦһ˵Щͼˡ
ţ
˼ګɫһ˻治Լˡ
գˣһЦ˵磬һɣ
ðΣ˼ګŵȢѩţ
˫Ŀһûɣ壿
˼ګһ۾Ϳ룬̾ǲģǷѩѾͷ㲻ޣмϵĹϵƳӶˣܲŮڼҸɵŰɡ
ţXӹȻܹҴˣַˣǲδ¶ýȢǲܵģǲ˵ýȢЩ۸ˣһתһйϸоʵ˵ף͵Ƥ㿴ԪߵŮĸû˵ʲôвĽΪʲôأΪҶ֪ԪһʲôˣҲ߲ˣֻҪҲд»飬ҾͲǾûа취
˼ګŹ˵ģ㻹гϢྐྵȻԼȥȡ
ǷǳԪǲǻŵ߾磬ǣҵҲһһʸ񣡺ڨڨôѩһĴȢӿصķѩܷҸ֡һõģܵκίҲ֪ѩµĹϵǳҪãѩ޸һǳֵġ
㶼ô˵ˣҪʲôҪ㲻û˵ֻӣںԼŮ컹ǻ˵˼ګһô죬ҵıŮô㣬˵˵
˵õƤˣ㿴ôᣬֵ࣬һܱµִѧᣬǺǣǰɡ
˼ګϰβŶúյ˼ղ˵ȻӣҹţţᣬǮҵŮˣҲԿֻϹȥǿԴҪѽߵ㻹ǲҪ
յΪ˷ѩƤҳݡ
㡪
˼ګ˶Ҫˣ֪˵ˣһҾʵ˵ɣҪȢѩţҲٷԣҲ̹£һʧ򣬾ܹ
ԭŻҵģҷҪýȢû⵨ϣʧˣϲģѾһɽ֮нһլԺ׼ӷѩȥˡ
˼ګȵԭ׼
մԲѵ治Ϊ·ǣʵֻ߷ɶڷѩϣһ쵽ˡ
Ϲ˵ô˼ګ˫Ŀһɣ亹ֱ⻰ûʵ֪㻹벻ȥ
У⻰˭ŰڨڨһЦ
˼ګֵҲ֪֪ѩôеҵ˼𣿡
ףף
ֱͷ
˼ǳԣ˼ګҲ֪һ¸ͱȥˣķ죬Ͼ˾Ĺ壬ûжĸӰ죬Ǿ˳ˮۣеĻ˵Լ֪ǰй
Ҳ֪˼ګǳҵϾãĸסүүϺľѪЩ˷ǳТģ˵ĻӺյĽǶ㲻ܸ˼֣ܻĸԸġ


1410 뻢Ѩ
ʵ˼ګҲûа취پȥֻ¾͵ѩ껪ǳڸʵĽǶѾǸũСˣҪӾܹģҪ֪ڳеλɱߣǿнѩ޳ȥûֹոɳʲôҺʱǳֲ˽֮⣬
ô˵˼ګɿڣϲѣҲ˼˼ګ̸ȥˡ˼ګҲˣԼ뿪ˡ
˼ګһߣվȥѩĹ뷿
ˣ
ʲô£
洫ѩǳƽѾǰͬǳ
ˣ
δš
ǳĬѩ˵ҿɲῪţ˭֪ǲǻˡ
𷽲ŶԣֱǰǸѩ
ЦٲţҿҪŶˣ
ð
ѩ
װ
Ƭ̣֨ѽһڴֻվһλŮӣµĹüĿ㷢ںһ٣һ֮Է̣Ե÷ǳʸ߹ҳǻۣǰǸɰŮǴͬˡ
һʱҲˡ
ѩôô
չһЦվôˣҲֻеˡ
ѩһЦɣ
ڣһźϣȻһѽѩ§ݺݵȥ
ѩõ˻ôֱӣ׵һ±ƣƬ̣ŷӦΪʱ
úһղɿѩ
һ۸ңѩȭݺݴһºյؿڣ죬ȴɫ
һǸ⣬Բ̫ˡ
ѩбĿƬ̣ͻȻѿҲŲ㡣ɬ֮Уһϲɫ
סܷܷ֣ѩһϢ
ʲôϢ
ѾӦˡ
ҵӦʲô
ǽҡ

ѩ΢΢졣
±Ƶôѵ㲻ϲô
ҡ
ѩ߲ѣǻǳϷŪҡּղװģСһ壬Ҫϲϲ֪㻹Ǳĺá˵˦Ѻյ֣ȥԼİ칫ǰ
ŶԭСǺˣմһٺЦǰһΣ׼ķ¥ѽһͦרҵİѩȥѧԺֻӷḻʣɲȥƴģôܹôרҵİ칫ΰᵽˣȻ˸ȥ
ʲôҵķӣѩĻסԼİ칫ֵ˵⻹ġ
Ƶʲôϵ
ѩ˭һȥôã½㵱ʱڴѧԺĽ̲ģγ̵İţԼѧɶһϣҲֻн칫ᵽ
գգۣԼһ⡣
ѩһתЦҲͦϲģлл㣬գҪ㣬ҵҲܹôʵ
бĿһƳЦ㶼ô˵ˣ˼칫θȥѩԽԽġ
ǸѧģѩĻζ˫
ûа취
տЦҡҡͷѩиھΣֽú۰һ쵽һʱѩͻȻãⶼûͷһЩҲ֪ԼǷˣҿ

㰡ʲô
Ҹյ
֪
վʱǻ˼֮Ļô
ʲô˼֮飬п㡣
նʱˡ
ѩͻȻҲʶԼ˵ˣ΢΢С죬Ŀźա
ĵԼŰɣҵѾˡ
ѩɵô顣
ռ㾹ȻûңԼô鰡
ѩĿһζţҡΪʱô¸ң˼֮࣬ԡҲžȥ㣬ѵⲻϣô
һףպһԼĴȣЩһԭ㡣
ѩշ죬ҧ촽ҪҪȽ˵վ͵ϿΣҪûæ꣬Ҳû˼ȥ˵ġ
У
оˣѩһƫ
ۣôţ̧˫֣ˣˣʲô˵䣬վѩ£һϸܼ֫ĦţһϣʲôܹѵǻòŮˣơﰵԿģҲɵˣ̸˵ɶ˼͵һЩȥŹ̼
ѩһƣ⻹ܰĹô˷ǹģһƫóѡȫ֪һϣա
һ˵ͣˣⲻѩΪɬҵסЩкܶ⣬ѧԺһеķ붼ǺնģǶǵһؽ֣ҪǣջڣŮʦһ㿪ѧѩҪ׼ʱѧģţȺջ˵һ©Ҳ޹ؽҪ
˵˵ţնѩռ˵ָ˻ĸѩ̸

ˣ
ѩ㣬үСһºɣʱˣϾҪˡ
վĿһƣŷѾҲһ㶣ֿѩһ찡̸һĹ°·Ҳ̫һɡ
ѩתҲȷʵЩⲻȥոոջȴ̸һյĹ£ͻȻɿںһ£˰ɣ
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ѩľګҡҡͷҾ˵ͦԵģҾġ
ͺã
һһĿţһߵѽǽҹͨﵩŪ˵
ðѩ˷ܵ
һĨ֮ɫȥҸѩ๫Ҫ̸Ҫҹ̸
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ʲô⣿յģôֱҸ嵨ΪΪһġ
䣬һɹˣĳҵɣȻôϣҲǡ
ͻȻ»ԸһЩ£ҡȻȥˡŵڵһ£վ
ѩһڴ͵Ц
бĿ˵Ѿͷ㻹˼Ц
ѩŴʹıסЦ⡣
ռģǿɰĹͻȻٵ촽һ£ߣ˵Ұ㣡»㡣
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һ򿪣ͼ˼ګޱվ⣬ͷһͣƶʱˣǰеһ񣬡մˣȸˡ
˼ګԭôƭŮġ



1411 ը
εĴ֮󣬺ղûлرǻȥˣ⼸նӦôģʵЩ̫ˣʴ˲ѡȥܣҲûȥˡ
ǸոǰĽֵһͣ·ϣһʶٵ
ֱϵ棬飬ڵң
ٵͷӻͳһǹȥԱ
ô죿һЦʵòôżġ
ٵ㲻֪´ٿô
գգۣϾԤʾļڵΪֹˡ
գ
ʱ컹̫ھ;ۼããˣһ̰壬ۼһ𣬽̸š
ͻȻٿᣬ˵Ϊʲô£
ѵ֪ɻˣյĳ϶¹Ȼйء
⺫ɰ£治Ѱܹ׵ģȻֺ뻯¹Ȼ뵱ɺ̫˼ˡ
¹ȻԴˣѾһϢˣͿެʱȥһţ˭ں˭ɺ
˵»᲻ɱ¹Ȼ룿
Ҳ˵ܡ
ԸҪ¹ȻһͷĶǣҲ
ˡ
ߣȥ
ô
ͬΪккβɣ⡪˳̽һϢɱ˵ˡ
ǣ
⺫һ̱ٴ󳼸ΧˣҲɰΧգϾϲ빧ϲ
֪ǵĿģҲûа취˼ϲ㲻ܰôҲЦӭҲһĴ̽յĿڷ磬ڳһϢǺշǵˮ©ΪҲȥε˼

Уѵɺպôվ̨ױϵ帮Ƴ۱˴ӵĺգһĨ֮ɫһԵ˵
ڵָ¹Ȼ룿
帮ͷúճɹˣô¹Ȼ±ضǳмգ뻯һյĵλǸӲܺˡ
̾˿ҵȻ룬û»δõҪ󳼵һͬ¾ͼſᣬ˵ʲô
帮üԸꡣ
ڵǱѾ˾ǵˣ°ǧ򲻿

һ̫ĴڴȺһһôλߡ
ֵһβŴӴ
ɽǰڣ¹Ȼެ֮һֱҴƣսѾƽϢɺҲѾȻķǳܹ䰲Ȼ
޵ɺʹ¹Ȼ룬ҪΪ˵ެ¹Ȼз⣬鷢Сı仯ⲢǺĴǵˣʱΣңðգŬȥ޽ʹҲǻ첻ˣںĵ£ެ¹ȻŵƽϢҲ¹ȻǾӹΰ뻯дŸޣлΪ¹ȻһС
˵̾˿Ǳ߻߰Ѹߣֳ걧ڼңٴѾǼ࣬ˣ䲻ʧȥ߰ôһλ֮ţΪټ¸߰䣬Ը߰岻ڻһУŸλ䶼޾׼ˣͬʱɺΪ飬ӷ⽭
ں帮һۣһյĹ٣Ѿķǳˡ
æߺлºͣ΢Ե߾ȫΪǡ
΢Цõͷɫ⣬¹Ȼʧȥ˺ԴԱ˺뻯ϣܹפ¹Ȼǣ¹Ȼ룬֪λΪΣ
䣬׾վ£Ϊ͢뻯ǱµĽ㣬ѣΪܵܣȣ³ֻοңЩԶĹֻ롣
帮һվʱ˫ۼ˻⣬ԭ׼ƵҲ̲סˡ
δվͻȻ£ϳΪ⵹ʲô£뻯ȻѾԮϳΪҴƶӦó¹Ȼ룬Ͼ¹ȻŮҴƹܼȡܱ߹ô룬ǵ£ҴƿɲҪ˵ɫ¡
ǵһˣƵһԪ˧⻰˵þǰ
һ仰ͳ׶帮ͷҷԵĻҪԭ϶ެ⻰һ˭˵ެҴƻҪެ
ԣ󳼾͸Ӳ˵ˣ֪ȻˣǾ֤ʵۿ϶Ҳô
ò¶ɫλΪأ
һڴӦΪɱפ¹Ȼ롣
һĨЦ⣬ͷһʵǸõ˭ǰȥأ
վԸǰ
ɫһϲĿȥѦʹ󣬵Ѧ䣬Ϊ󽫾ڳǡ
ѦʹһΣڨڨ˻ȥ治ڳΪȥ̣ڳģһûʹǶζԣѦʹһģػĴӪɡ
ֻ˵Ծ̫ûĬˡ
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帮Ҳ뵽һ㣬פɺܶģҲһҪǽƹķһսǾڻãͻȻһתվ£ΪݻС
üͷһ壬帮߯ҲˣǼ밡
ҲǿʺΪݴʷԼҲǳľȻõذյӵǴչȭ֮ʱʺͻȻ£ôܻŹǣ̾ͱְˣⶼΪ̫ԭϣСܵõĽ˫ȫмǹ¤ҫǣҪٹĻ޼ɾͻὫȫпܵġ
帮ǲ䷢չģΪʺĹϵʵ̫ˣһˣôᣬ񶼻ʮ꣬һطˣܹͷģĶǿòߣ帮һӣһһΣ޷ӣòôԶûõ
Ȼ޼ҲǱʵ帮һʼ׼ȥϵΪǼӦ˼й޹ƾʲô˼ң߾ѽٻû帮Ȩôɣڹееʵ۽ĲܣֻҪûϹлȥģܱȥ¹ȻפҪǿֿΣյĵط帮»޸Ū赶ɱˡ
һϲ
ʵѡûΣΪҲ֪˭ʣʴȻʼǷǳҪģû뵽帮ȥܿģҲ⣬ƼǰȥЩС
£¹ش󣬳Ϊ̫һ㡣Ӳͷվ˳¹ȻѾһϢެʱȥһţǷǳΣյɲפڷٹǣפڱ߽档
տȴüͷĳУ帮Ҫ̫ˣŪȥУȰ
帮ЦԲӣҵ˼ȥеҲᣬõ͢Ӧûһλḻǰȥ
öˣŪ˰춼ֻһ
帮ֲɵȥһˣһһʧˡ
εͷʾͬҲ֪ĲŸɣǰŵĸ磬ܲôǰǳʣҲᣬ帮˵úеһǰȥѹֵ֪λ仹кκʵѡ
¬ͻȻվʥϣһѡʡ
ˣ
ݻˮߡ
Ⱥɫ졣
δ˵ĴɼȺɫ죬Щ档
ⲻ֪߱ʹȡ÷ǳ˲ĳɼǷǳ˲⽻ңĿأ׼ϧʱȥӡǱߣĴһЩúԭһЩΣΪʱ֮ЩоͺһЩҩԣȥֺܴĹϵ
ЩˣΪЩ˺һλͽЩúСʿʿȫܴ֮ûйҲǺ̵ĲҲܵǣϾģ͵ȥˮȥˡ
ߣλ㶡
¬ǣȥ꿨ȵأһ·;¹Ȼ롢ެصķ飬ǳϤ汸ʺϲˡ
ʦҲվҲΪʺϡ
β㻹ˣ¬Ȼ˱Ͼйϵʵϵ󣬲ȻĻܻѽʹӡȣӦһЩزúоزò˵һ䣬ȷʵǳʺϣǱߵһжǳϤδ˼ðΣ͵ͷðɣǰȥ
һһСըһ仰δ˵ԤƵҪõö࣬ܲ


1412 
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βųֻڼƶԼĴ룬һ
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˵ŵʤ΢΢̧֡
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ٴ󳼶ˣҲ̫һɣЩɣ˵˽¸ʵ˵ٴİã㲻ɮ濴氡


1413 ƭС
죡
ʵ̫ˣ
պյľٶЩ
պٸϾɱûְȨκˣһ㶼ֶαƶԷ̸ͣշ磬̫Ὣ˱Ƶǽȥһͽܵ붭Ӣȥˮȥˡ
ֹһ㡣
ЩĿŵĸԣҲδܡ˻ֻǰ񰲾ʩѹôҲȥ̸һ£ջ˸Ūߣ͹ٳǱԣȷʵǹˡ
ⲻ֪ⶼΪ˷ȥ¹Ȼ룬»޸һΣߣҪһ㣬ηηβźƽ⣬ǷǳѣҲǺ㣬ΪǧֻΪǮҪģ˺ǲὫ˵û˼ά
»һã޲ýǶɱˣúѧ˲٣һأѧáֻ˵ܵСӢ̫ˣֱײǹ档
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Цһ˲ңҲˣҺܺ棬ΪʲôΪԼίһ
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ںæģп̸ЩȽֱһЩ½ֵˣ»Һ顣
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һӳ䣬˺޺뿪ˡ
Ǹһߣ帮˹ЦǺǵǺ簡
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帮ҲɫһôҪˣںЩ˭֪ǮС飬ɷһ˵
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帮һؾǷһ飬պ帮
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Ҿͷ˵ǣҲᵱһ£Ͼ̶ģһҥ£ӡյϣ鲻ҪС֮ĶȾ֮ôרˣֻӣû̡
帮Ȼûǹϵ治֪ΪҪֹõһҿһֱ˵Ԥˣȴô¡ңǹֵ껪ٹ꣬ɫ˥ֻһģ˵ǵ̣ǾƾĵλҲǿɡ
պǺһЦҿû˵ãһҪҲеġ飬Ҳһ㣬ҪʹЩɵֶΣ֪ڱȹǵĻҲ᲻ϧһдۣֵüȮ
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ùһЦǹ壬ȥɶǣһǵĸ첲һͻỵҴ£һ˵ͣҲûȨѽֻȥˮѣ뻵Ҳˡ


1414 ֪
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¬ͷȷЩһҿɶĵף˭ȥ¹ȻƻԽӢܵеȥҲܽ˵ȥ¹Ȼ롣
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¬ƫͷһǶףеһ¬ЦҿѽȻոһ£Ȼ㹻ġ

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мһǻô˵ôǸǮ򽻵ģ˵ҪһЩһһԾܹ㷢ʵĸı䣬˭Һһʸԣ벻𶼷ǳѰ
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ҳһֱ污˼룬վȷ污ʵˣЩٵİգ˰ɾ˰ңų͢еؼ٣沢ǣҴ˺ǻܹ״Ӧ֮ǰֲˡ
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ҪѻǾͲ¹ѻ𣬶¼䣬ѵ֣֪ⲻƽôûϹ˶֪˵ά˭棬ͳνײôҪĻ˺ͳνײ棬
ڷϣ̧ͷ˶һۣЦλ˵öǳеƺӹҳ֮׸ı䣬֣˵Ҳȷʵ䲻˵䣬ҲòΪǻӦüǿڸصѲӣ취ֹӣ߾ȫȥάƺӹơ
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֣Ҳͷʵ˭֪ҪôñĻͱˣֻߺһ㣬ϣյǻۿԸı䣬ҪǺղôҲܹ⣬ȥ䣬ҲûֵС֮Ϊûʷ̨ѲӣЧҪӺһЩȣ߿໥ලʷ̨мලԱְмʷԼලǵ˿Եõϡ
ЦҲģҴÿ궼ʷ̨ǱȥѲ顣
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ЦȥɣҽһֱڻŶ˳Ըȥͣʹҡ
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Ŵһţձ֣У֣Ӱǻ㲻û


1415 £
ѵСΪ˵Ĳԣ֣ʵ
ЦȻǶԵģǰ治Ѿ˵ôҪ˵ϵĴ׵ľࡢ󽫾Щ˵˰۸ЩСʲô˼Ҳվѽ˭Щ˵˰˵䲻ģʵ۶ңǿɶġ
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֣еҪһ㣬ͱ뽫˰תƵͷϣͼܹӹ룬ܹͰյĸϧǷǳѵġ
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տЦûӣƶЩɶҪǮģñ˵ڳ͢滹ۣǼͶģҵڽǣ͢ҲøǮȻĻЩۿ϶£ЩɶҪǮ
֣еͷͻȻһԣڼƻı˰Ƶˣ֪ˣҷžͲ˵ôˡ
ҡҡͷƻǼƻʵʩĻƻԶǼƻûʲô塣ʵƻҲԿʼͰ˵ðͿˣоݣûҿҲûϾغ°աʴˣǱҪ㹻ĺǻۣȥı䣬ҪһʱʵҶĿǰԣǷǳģΪɢʺ˷չֻҪȶסƣȻ䣬ܷﵽĿģֻܾ£

֣еѵôӿ仰
ЦһǧʱԹ÷ǳɵ㱳һɽʱеֻѹûаԣͬʱҲҪүİæ
ǰ
֣еͷͻȻʲôƵãС磬ûпǹǱǻڹֲɣ޻ëһ˿᲻ܴܵĳĻЩ˿϶ݵġ
ģ˿ֻԽԽ󣬵ȥֵˣֻᷢƣ̸Ͽհڰֵ
֣ΪΣ
յϡΪ˶ֲɣ˿ļ۸ȻҲ߲ȥ˸޻أ˿ͻӦļ٣ô˿ļֵͻǣ⣬ٷɶ˿ģǲıģǿԽ˿ȣ޻ëĵֻԽԽֵǮ
⵹Ҳǡ
֣еͷ
ڻһգ֮ձȥԺеڸϳӣ
ۣôࣿ
վһǰ棬ʧɫתͷȥ硣
֡ͬʱͷ
縧ЦһЩݣЩ½ԺʿľѪȷ֮󣬲ŽģҵȱҲΪֵһЩѧǶһģǴͬǲжϣֻ¹Щ½ԺʿһŬٹƽˡ
̵ôأ͹¡
ţ
Ŀźա
Ƕ̫ЩƷԺʿôŬдҲ̫ܲ̽ǿҵˢȥ˻ɺ

Ĩźǻȥɣվܸоⱳ쬵ġ
Щ
˵˵
ðɣ
˿־񣬰ôоԼôʱ䡣
һǰֻϷһЩ
ſ˿ȷǳǼֵ濴⡣
ɫȻǵС磬ѵԴ˲⡣
һЦ൱⡣
Ц˿С磬ȸȻȲЩǧģǷȴ򵥵Ķ࣬úСĻ˵ǿԴģģҲǰҪι̵Ķ࣬С磬ѽ

ǫһЦʱţøһҪ𶯳ҰҪñº俴ʶԺҪԡ
ЦкСڣЩͲҪǷˡ
ǶЩɲں
һЦҲٶԣֵҽһҪϣ°ܹ֤Ŀԡ
̫һɣ΢΢һ鼮ɲŷûжá
յҲô죬ǳ͢ĿǰǳҪⷽ˲ţǻʦЩɶҪ˲šһҲֻˮһûĹȥԼԺ½Ժʿ
ǿɲûȥ
ɲУԼҵĿԣȥǾȥĹٺ»ɣ˵ţ̾˿ⶼңǸʱţȥôãһǿеæˡ
Ǻǵһ̫ˡ
æҾϲ仰
֡˹Ц
ֵˣڸʲô
ͻȻ˵ݣֿɶǷǳ棬ˮ澿ʲôҩ
չ㵵Ҳ˵ôļܡ
ҡҡͷûô򵥰ɡļգÿȥˮʱ򣬶һԹǵ˺ͻȻԵƵãʲô¶ڳˮˮ裬ϴˮ𡣡
һĨâȴôڿأ
Ǻǵڿ쵹Ҳڣڱϣ¶ǷԸ澿ʲô
յûҵʱֻǿôһҲ֪ǲʲô
ҵʹҡͷ˵
յô֣ҵȥ
ɵĿۺգ룬ѵĲ֪


1416 ϳ
硢̸֮󣬺ټЩ½ľƷԺʿܵü档
˵Ƕڴչ޶Ľ̲ģԴˣҸеǳǳġʧ
նкͿżɽ˵
Щӽǵסˣ㲻еǸеʧҪҪ
ͻȻʽܣ
¹ڣ
ʽվ˳ȴ
ЦҲڴ𣿡
ʽǿˣȻ¹ٵȻҲڴԺܹջָڣҲܹո޶Щ̲УҲһۣУԼҲǳ¹ٷǳлԺܹ¹һᡣ
žţ˵ǵˮ©ЦΪʲôһеʧΪǵڴǵòͷ֤һżģԺΪɻľǼǸѧоģô򵥵Ļÿһƪ¾Ͷǧˡ
ˣǽ󲻹ܸʲô£һñģܹջࡣʽԣ޶̲ĵĹУջģջԶԶҶǵֻͬеǴ¼ʵĻóãǲʸʴǲҪȥ̫࣬ͶУǽĪİ
Ժ׻׻̻壬¹ٶġЩ½Ժʿ˵
ܺã
յͷֵ⣬Ժ°꿪ʼ֤ĿԣϣǶȥμӡ
һԺʿ
ֵһ仰˵úã⼼಻ѹ֪ôһ㽾ѧʣΪЩɼơǡǡԺĵڶɻ䣬ԺѧʰҪѧã¼ʵĻֻóһŵĻֻгɾͣñ˵ûѧѧǾͻ˹ͼȥҲ̸ֻֽɾ̸ֽҲûйЩԱ˼Ҷôˡ
ʴˣڳΪǾͱҪԼǿɫΨһӵûеģԺûСԺѧˣʱǻһŸһĹͼԱ汾£ھôܻеģ˵˭ĽռһЩ
ҲϣԺ˼룬ǲҪٽЩνĶӲҪں˵Ŀ⣬ѡԼȤѧʣŬȥѧϰȥװʦУ˳Цǣ͸ǣǵԺ˳Уʲô˸ӱôǾͽǵԺҵҪûƤ
÷׷Ц
պǺһЦסˣûʲôѧǱģķЩΪǣ죬һ޳ɣֻԱָֻŵˣ˾ųɾŶʧߣҪںЩ˵Ŀֻ˵̫޴ˣԺɵģǿŵģǿѧûеѧʣˣ˵ġ
ý΢΢һЦʵǺǿı¡
ѵ֮󣬺ָǽһ£Ҫ﹤ʲôѣ֪ԺɲģһӶô϶һЩ⣬ڶһЩʲô⡣
̸֮󣬺硢ȥԺ˿ҼˣǷǳ˷ܣ˵ĲˣұĽܶ๤չôҶδڴһڴԺǳҪģûһڴʲô̸ˡ
ռԺתһ͸ΨûȥݣֻǷԸһЩˣרݵָӡ
Ѳ֮󣬺Ҳûм뿪Ǹ硢ЩݣǽȷǳΪղҪģǸǣЩݱȽϺѧԺĽôʱ俴Щ϶˰æ˽һЩ͵ȥѩЩʦҲС

Ժһգͣĸȥ񰲾֡
ʹ
Ÿոţվ;ñһǿƸΧסͷһʱһǣ
ֻһѹ͵øҶʶأ
Ԫһһͷ̷붼ˣʼҾƷ̤ͲƤѥһִ˰
ͷôվȵָԪһͷ
Ԫһ̧һɨɧǲǺܺÿ
գգۣ˵ԪһһͷıǰÿˣʵԪһòȻû˧ôԪʱǳĸ˧ԪһȻҲȥֻǰͣǵ͵çŷɣͷˣŨüۣǷټ׶ģֱ̫MANˣȥˡǡǺÿ࣬巢֮ĸ
˵⻰ʱԼˡ
Ԫһٺٵҡ
ã˵ֵƵͷˡһˡ
ȻԪһһֽ§⻹ȫø㣬ҾǿǼܣ˶̷ȥͦģǶ˵ˡǰڼʱ򣬵ǲã˰ϴͷȥһҶ棬пϴͷƽʱҪҲ˶̷˵̷ˣңȥ¥ǿɶ˵Ҽ̷ǰҪҪˡϧЩСظĺܣҼȰ˵Ǽ̷Ƕҡ
һ˵һŪԼͷɧҪ
ǽָÿֵдǶû˵ô
Ԫһүүһľ͹׬ǮпչңҵûйңĽңҲļ̷
ԪʵҪѪͳʱѪͳǰǶذϵģǲ̫ںԭϰףɷҲû˵涨ܼͷҪڹ涨ⶫԪһǰӡ
Цҡҡͷֵȥˡ
ȥԪһΪƹ񰲾֣һֱܱ߸سǣ˵ģȥɽȫÿԪһԪһçײĺܣΪӵôһ㱾¶ûУ񰲾ھܵصѸٵչԪһǹûֻ塢ٷЩĻʼҾȥˣԪһְϢ
û£û£
ԪһɨԼͷֻҪҹùúһˡ
ڰҸɻտЦһߣȥ˵
ЩʼҾúˣ׷Χ˹
պǽ˼䣬ұʾͣȻȥܾ˾칫ҡ
ۣڰ
ռľͷġ
ܲôܰŹϣϡ
Ԫһ˳ֽŹϣ뺫
˼ĵС磬Ҳ̫һɣֱӽܵкͶӢȥˡ
յ֣˵ְŵôô񷴵ˡ
Τæǿûô˵
յ˵Ļ˵
ҡ
ΤƵҪ֪ôҾͲô˵ˡ֪֪ܼΤҹϵһֱܼҾˣŪⲻˣ̫һ㡣
̴С˵գǲ»޸ϷŪһǽйϡ
ϷŪǽշʵ谭񰲾ֵʱûܼ˵˵ô
Τ۵ֻǹ¶ѡ
պߵҲ˵ǹ£ǹ¾͹£ܼΤҸʲôû
Ԫһµ޳ɺյҸܵп̸üˣβʾǣ񰲾ַİţĻӦ񰲾ġ
ü㿴ӣ˵ɡ
զ
ԪһɨԼͷӶʲôÿûٹŪѿķ٣ȴ⹦ڹ棬㻹˼˵ҡ
Զԣŭͷƫһߡ
̴գ۵Сͷ
ԪһֱˣӲҲôȥǾ֪ˡ
ҵʹ񶼲Ըˡ̴鲻ԽԼķ١
ΤƵܾ˾ڿ̸£㳶ͷʲô
Ԫһǳӿͷ
Ӻ޲ø˾
̴عӺ󲱾źյգҿҲˣܼǱҲ֪㲻Ʋ磬βʹ֣ܵҲˡ
ǶǳҴ壬ܼҲǵģһЩ飬񰲾ֶǲ뽫ˣϾ̧ͷͷ
ζı飬һֻܵһʼǻܶܶ⣬ÿÿ⣬Ƕúľ˼񰲾ʲô¶ˣ촦µˣҽ񰲾ֻԽԽԶȥɶǻʼҾ죬Щ󳼣ǲһѹסǱΪǼһɡҪΪǲܹеȥЩ⡣
̴ΤһۣҲú⻰޵
ֵ֮˱пɺ֮񰲾֣ƾʲôôţǰ̫ºһ㣬һССٸӲطǵǳͷˮǿˡ
̴ѾҲ޷ԤϾ棬Ȩǻʼǣֻ˶εţɱ˵ôġ
յոѾŵҳԷûдǮ
룬룡
ɽ


1417 
ɲǸ̸۹ܵСӢģ¶ںնԣѾȥʽˡȻҲϰģ񰲾ֵķչ񰲾ѾһԱȽƽȵʱڣȫӦ񰲾ֵĴˣѾˡ¾һʼҾ족ĸ
Ҫ⻹񰲾ԽԽԶҲԽԽϾغȨ񰲾ֵĳ֣ڼȵһ˺ǰعϴ˵һڶһ񰲾֣һִϵͳʹЩԱ׵ģҲеǳģܵûа취⺫վڱϣسǿɾͲһˡ
ԪһܱسǵһЩ˵֮Τ۱ܵ붭ӢȻɽ𻢵ЧҲܻἤķܲܽеȥɣ
ӵͻȻһ񰲾֣ȷ˸еЩţ֮飬Ӧ취ҪЩ⡣
յʵһ㣬Ѿˣֻû뵽ȥôá
Ӿϲ˵
Ц㷽˵úܶԣͻȻһ񰲾֣ȷЩӦҪһ㣬ͱҪҵһ㣬񰲾ֺĽء
㣿
̴ʲô㣿
յʲô
̴ҡҡͷ
ˣЩ̫ȷźա
ԣˣ
յڼǰǷǳٵģǵߵˣҲڱһЩسǵģһˣԽԽ࣬ǰδеģôƱҲᷢµ״ǰ˾δġǿռЩ³ֵ⣬ûʼҾרЩ⣬оȻԴΪ㣬񰲾͸ءĿǰڼǿ뽭ϵϵǿ񰲾˺һ·£ſ
⵱Ȼõģ񰲾ֳ֣ҪĿģҵķչΪҵչ̫Ҫȶˣ⻹ǰȶǰȶǴҶţǵȻȶ˿ʼ񰲾־רһ㡣յûϵ񰲾ָյ˼谭
ӵ취ҿС
Τ̴ۡҲͷҪҲûõİ취ˡ

ʱ֣ҵҵ帮ƣӻصһֱ享գΪգ͢ŻȫƶȣҪ滮Ȼʡͷϣʡæͷת򣬹ؼûͼֵ÷񣬻һżøݵȥ֣Ǻ鷳£ֲֺá
ŸսţŮԪӭǰˣܼҵ
ܼң
帮΢΢üϣ
Ԫͷ
ȥ˵
ã帮һڲ裬Ϊܵж
Ԫܼҵ˵ԸܵУǻлġ
帮ڰֵҵȥ
Ԫˣܡ굹ȿԷһߣܹõҵ֧֣Ǵа
ܰĻҵȻ帮֪̾뺫ǾˮˮغհҪǣҪǰǣֻ»ҲҵĵˣȻвٶԹ浽ɱĵزǶûкô
Ԫ΢һ˿ȥһʺ󿴿ҪԳ棬ܼԸһׯ԰ׯ԰ɾв١˵ţſָ˻Ρ
帮һ
ԪǱ߿ɻжҡ

ʹ
ʲô£
ͤУһƿˮҡһƿš
һվŵ帮֪ʺ˵ߵ¡
²Ѿ𣿡΢΢бĿ帮
Ƕˡ帮Ǳ½ȥεĹԱɺټ
鱾ǺģɺƼѽ
˵ô˵ûдǳһ£ɶ볤޼ɡһЩϵ
ƿˮҲ֪ɲʲôò£ҪȥӦ𣿡
帮ĬȻӦ
ںǵѾ˵Ҳûа취ǲһǿڳϴ˲꣬ŵ˼٣дϲȫңֲʲô£ǵ͵ˡ
һϣܹºգΪһֱΪҪ֣ɺûʲô֣身ձԼ帮ìܣֻ໥ãңն帮ɶ˱ᡣ
帮ڨڨһЦ
ҵȫռŷʲյ˿ɶȥɽƧʲô˶ʸ˵帮ûʸ
帮ͲҪˣֵǺջ˳㽫ͳˮᵽǱȥˣܼҺͶҵĲʵܵҲûʲôܼһϣʺܹһ£Ը֧񰲾֡
£Ҳ̸̸뽫Т֪ȥˮ
Т÷֪ıܣڹоְһڳ̣һǧţ
帮ɵˣѡѾҺˣ㺫ղãܵкͶӢҲˡƵ̺ǧڳǰ;ΪҪȥ
赭дڳм˵ıӣ޷õȥһ£Īİ
ǣ֪ˣᰲŵġ
帮˵ͺȴͨõġ
һǾǰ϶˭Ҳûıˡ
赭дľͽȥˮȥˣ𿴺Լ⣬ڴˣô˼Ҳ˼̸һ̸һô󵶰˼Դˣȫơ
ĻǻǺô
ңȷʵûпչ£æ⽹ۣߵʱ򣬶һ£øϽծ

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վǰŸոյ巽ֵ
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巽ʱһ㶣Ѿ֪ˡ
Ǯ֪ܲ𣿡պǺһЦֺû˯ذɣ

巽Ƭ̣漴ӦεֱЦ
Ҳ֪ʿûĬϸҲסˣֵ롣
ڣ֮󣬺յʵȫûбҪôǧñһʱȻܹǮ֤Ǯ
巽ȴƣ޹»ǼĸͰĺӣҶá
յ˵Ҵ𣬲÷ʡ
巽㵵Ŀźա
յΪ¿ʼ÷ǳæµǲҪϢˡ
巽ȴϲ龡ܷԸ
ҾͲãĸͺҪǳȱǮǮװߣʵ̫˾ˣҪɣܹ̹Ȼȫʡ
յӦ֪ѧԺдУеĶΪ֣һǹھŮշƶȣǮܹܹõóǮѧģǴԹĺҴȫȨ𣬵ǿʩ㣬ǣ㻹δ֤ϣܹ˻֤ûпˣͬʱҲ֤͢ʧһλ˲š
ĳ˶߾ȫ˵ţ巽ֵǡҲδɹ£֪Ӻδ֡
Цһһܸģȥˡ˵Ǽ򵥣ǷǳѣѧԺӦ˽⣬ѧԺֻΪƣܷ񳤾ȥû֪ʼѵӪ;ѧԺһΪѧԺûϸĹƶȣȻʼշƶȣôƶϸĹƶȣһж淶ǷǳҸӵ£֮еæˡ


1418 
ȻҪչȭţģôȵһһǹ淶κ鶼ˣ޹淶Ǿ޷ǿһģûӡ
Ҳ棬ô췴ģǰ඼ɣ԰壬ջֽնͷܶ඼ǲݿܳǵ˺ڶ滯˶ãͿʼ;˵ôϲû滯ĻעʧܣܳɹҪôͰһ̯Ҫ󣬾ͱ밴
滯ҲöԾֱճѧУ裬һգ٣ȵȣȴ꣬ͱҵΪûôҪѧģֻҪѧѧãͱȾ󲿷ֵ˶Ҫǿˣ㣬ѧЩ΢֡ѧҲûеطá
ȻֻǻĿǰ˲žѾǷǳѷģֶûмջǴѧֱŪһĽϵȻĿǰУջǸ巽Ϊ˼Ҽҳ϶ʣһ׽ϵľͷ
˵Ǽ򵥣ʵʩǷǳӵģҪѧԺԣǳ͢˽˽ģһҴѧԺҪ˼Ҿģ״βȡշƶȣһշˣξͷǳ˼ҵǮ͵Ϊ˸𣬲ܸǰһŸ٣ӳٷ̲ģһжðԼ£ǱǾ漰Ҫ°ͿѧʱǷǳȵġ
ɼûк巽°ͲҪϢ
巽һʱֽܸ콻巽ܸˡսÿϸڶһ˶ܸɣֻǸһܣԼȥ졣
ɼˣúվԼһͷţ֪űľǰߡ
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۷Цһڻͣûд㡣
ʵ巽ɣ
յͷ
̾˵ĲѧԶԲҵȲֻϧ
̵⻰˵ģտɲҹͬ
Ŷ˵˵
͢ʧһλ巽˵õ巽һͶʰɡ
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Ц
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ǺǵͱԹˣܶûˣֻڼҿźӡ
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ЦЦûƲܼð
ʱͻȻƳ¶Ϊ֮ɫ
ն΢һҲ׹ΪѣЦλ𳤽ˣУİɣ
һ㶣ǺǵȻѾ³ˣҾͲֱ˵ˣܼҵĽ鲻ǳ˵񣬡ܵеøܵɶһЩ飬ٴǹɩɩ۰áܼҲʵûа취ˣҵȸ˵˵飬ϣܵһ
û֪£һֱûᣬΪúҵŮҵĶӣ⺫ܼҵ£ʡ
ճƬ̵ҲӦ㣬ֻ˵ȥĻóȥˮջˡ
üľ޷أ
˼ŵҾʵ˵˰ɣʵҲ޷أҲأΪ̸ܵڣѾˣڣԸ֧񰲾֣ϸأˣǾ͵ϴƣ񰲾Īĺô⣬ҲɱӺʡõʱ鷳
ͷȻˣͰȥɣҲǹʼѡ
ҵȻԺΪΪǱĲܵһЩشҲڻָʱڣҪ죬ںյ;ǰκ¶Ե΢
ȴǺգðһ䣬ܼҡڳɶǳҲһ뾡˰취ʵûûˣŻǵġ˵Ҳʲô£ʵҲûв٣Ϊξ޶أɻٴڰ
Цβô룬ԣʲôÿæøƵãΪƣΪ¾ĽĴٺ»ҪҪ󶼲ӦңҲ̫صˡ
ֲɵ֪ܲҪԣʵ̫ҪˣҪܹɹϾͿǰгյ߿ЧǷɢƶȣǺ縺ںΣҪôأ¹ҪǺռȻڣֻѣβܲӦ˾ɵӶ㡣
ԭˡͷ۷һԵͷɫЩΡ
һۣ룬ǵø˴ҶôãⲻɮҲÿ棬ҪһӶǣڶܼҵʱҲȥһֵλ𳤣ʵڴ֮ǰѾһЩܼ˵ˣҶûôȻܼҵңҲ̫ˡ
һϲĿźա
ЦʵһʼĴȥˮġĻɣͷλȥܼ˵ǽ˿ǱᣬǾǱᣬǽ˿ǽǶƽ֮á
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յ֪˿ɷλ˵ӵȥ
۷Ŷһž˵£ǻе棬ܵСӢȥǱᣬҵӵȥ⾿ô£
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1419 ڴ
Ԫұ
ʱ̣ԪԪĵڹˣԪҵŮӦøеģӦøеأ
һӷԪҵĻңڷʳԪܺԪĵ˵
ø
Ԫܼúգæվ
ԪĵҲԲʱģ
ˣЦһֱ棬ֻǺﻹûгԷǷԸͷ
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յҵ¶ô
Ԫĵһ㶣ҡȲ㣬֮ԻܹйȥŮ棬Ϊæµ
˵㣡ҡҡͷֵǷѾˣܷȳ˷ٹ
ԪæӭӺнӹøȥˣ
㻹ˣҾӡշŰ۵
Ǻǣ
ԪܶʱһȣЦš
Ԫĵ˺һĵİۣϹ˵ʲô
˷ֺãһһݣǺܼ򵥵ĲʽһһأСװġԪ̫Ǯɽ亣ζˣԪˣ˳Էܼ򵥣Ͳ̫עسԴرҪ󣬺ñȺԪĵԸܾͣͻ˼Ҷһ˼׬ǮԪܾΪ׬ǮԶȻǮҪֶˣʵбµ˶ô룬Ϊ⻨Ǯ˭ᣬؤỨ׬Ǯɲ׬ģսԡ
Ԫܸӣ̲ס˵øˣҪ㱨
ЦԪе£ɣľѾ˵ˡ
Ԫܵ񳤰£ǮЯ㣬ֲãͨϱʵõʱ
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Ԫĵͷ˵úܶԣ»ôӳ顣
Ԫһ
Ц֪ںܼΪһͨϱı̳Ϸ򣬵ʱкԪɣǻ̫ˣҲһҲǷǳļΪˣǲĻֻ꼻һ֡
ԪЦø˵ǣЩˡ
ӣ߳Ա˵
ԪŶꡣ
һʵԪǱߵôʵʱȫԷǶԣͬҲһݳް
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յͷʵϢû𵱵ظķԣ
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ĵ˵öԣյͷֵ̫ҲҪҲҪڽõ㷽ԣķܹشȥĲƸȻкܶΪãֻҪúһ㣬ЩΪǡ
Ԫܵͷ֪ˡ
ֵǴӵΣ
ǰѾˡԪܵͬʱ˴ĻҪʳ޻ҶΪ
ԪĵҿȻĻֻʳ
ЦҿϣǻģΪ˿ڽöǸȴûӣŹӶƵĳ֣ũҲתΪˣǴԸҪʳټôԱ壬ʳѾӦˣصʳܹӦϣ񳤰ҵչҲø㣬ƱػǣʳƲġ
ԪĵҲ׬˶٣̧ۣǻ϶ӦʴˣҪĻǵ޻ͲҶǻƺԱǳѷƷ
յͷʵ޻ҪԪиֵڴΪıҴưյڲҶôǱҪƳ磬Ϊެȵȱģ˽ҶƹãǶҲҴ޴档
ԪЩɵøʵѾŵʱһЩչøķĲҶζǳûйø˵ô档
裬ֱӽҶժȥƣĥɷۣɲȻţεȵϣеձĨ裬ӦձĨǴƳģҪıһ㣬òҶƷֶָλʿҪΪһֱƷҲΪƷͨ
յΪǮȥˣʣǮˣһ֣ףʴ˲Ʒζ
ԪһЦ
ԪĵȥˣƷóѵͲף
յҵȻףĵôôΪأѵΪЩôһ׵ˣ黳Ԫܣʵ˵˸ӳԣ
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Ϊͷ𣿡
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оǣӵɢô
ûС
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ƣаʼ
Ԫܾȵѵø
ȻֻҪԪұһһû¹
Ԫĵ죬ôⲻҪҲ˵ΣæԷɣԷɡ
ԪܸϽͷȥǷȻǵЦ
Թ緹֮ԪܷǳʶȤźҪȥ˯Ҫǵ˵շǵÿɡҲ͵øУ»Ҫ϶̸
ԪĵصСԺ
һݣվͱԪĵϡ
Ԫĵһۣôأ
յȻĸŮˣ㲻ΪеûԪ̸ɡ
Ԫĵѵ㲻ӦԪ̸̸ô
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ã粻ڣ湤˶ΧĸתֵСӵԸǴһҽȻ෴Ǻ£ôӦûһ㣬ŮӦľһЩ
ԪĵЦ˵£
յǺ񣬽ǲ֪ˡ
Ԫĵǽɲʡˡ
պǺǵҲӴ


1420 
޶´Ƭ̺˽ﱧԭԪĵ뺫ﶼǱȽϰģôһЦϣһڣò֡
ʮ֣ԪĵȥԪ棬ԪҵһȺͷҲˡ
һأȻ⣬ϾΪ飬ԪڴģԪҵʵ̫ˡ
̸۵ĻǹϽƻؼΪ޻ͲҶϽƻеͶĿܷϽƻδ֤ʵ޻ͲҶѾϾҪﵽˣƷ̫õĻϽƻɾͲ̫ˡ
Ƕһ㣬ҶǳĵģΪ֤һᶼᣬȫû۵ıҪǹη䣬ԪǸյһЩͻˡ
ΪԪǱţռϺ죬ԪҵĲһսԪϣ޻Ҷм¢ϣֲ֯ٵ£ȫ¢ϣȡ㹻󣬿ɺյļƻԪҸֲͽˣҸ˾ְ
ջǼԭļƻǻ飬Ŀø˸ԣǰԪһǮԪ׵˾ǲ̫óһΪ޻û̫ռ䣬·ЩƷ㹻Ŀռ䣬ͶʵǼһļ׬ܶ˵ǮڲƥҲԪҪ֮һũɣãĸÿ⣬ȫԼŪ֮һֲԪҵʽ㡣
ԪʵҲͬԪĿԪܡԪĵÿڣǿǺյ£ɲԪһߵģǺոһȺ϶
һۣվһԪҲȡڽ޻֯ļбܺ¢ϣֻк֪¢ϣڲʲôƷͽˡ
ҶĻ֮ڽԪ¢ϣ۵ĻǽȥԪҲŵֻ꣬
һһֱ϶ŽΪߵʱ̫̫Ҫ̸ˣֱԵģԪҲעسԣҲǺȵ࣬һЩ㡣
ҲִǣһֻῼԪҵ档ԪĵС˵
Ϊղ۵ǱȽϼңԪ׸գ졣
Ц뵽ȥˣҲ£ΪһˣǮܹԼ׬ȴҪָˣܻһЩˬʵҲ֪ԪҵѴƻԽԽ󣬱˵ˣҶһЩ飬ɺ޵ľԪǣһŪôһҪ֪ûǮʱ䡣
Ԫĵղ⣬˿
ʱһǿ׳ĸ첲˺յļϡֻһǿԹѹ˹
磡
Ԫĵ΢΢°ۡ
Сӣǲʲô£Ԫõͳ˵
պߵȻ֪ңǻúҡ
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Ԫĵ㳵磬£Ҫ
Сã̫ˣŵºղϡԪŭ䲻
ò˵һ䣬Ԫ⻰ȷʵЩ̫ܣҪԪռ˵ȥھεģǵԪûǶĳŵ֮һʹʹķһΡ
Ҫȵ
Ԫշǳ֪֪ҶСɽɽͺˣΪȫԷǳٸߵɽϷˡɲΪҲ֪СҰ¹ȻʱѾɹһΣ˵Ϊ˴գñСҰһЩûУҲа
ûʲôʱ˵㲻ˣҲҲ֪еļһϸˣֵգûʲô磬ΣձȽϴ󣬶ҷɵҲ񫣬ȵ絽ʱһŸɣڿгͣ˰ɡ
Ԫһúе룬ҲϣܹƬ̣ţҪʧŵĻҿĲ㡣
ҪҪҶ췢ġ
а㷢ҵСŮ¶ɶС


ʲôЦտԼŮֶ룬пȥԪոЩеûģҲõæһΣ˼Ԫմ롣ⲻԪұһҹվ͸ϻسȥˣ׼ָѧԺ£Ǳ߻ʹ֪ͨ빬¡
˵Ҳ֪϶ǹ¹Ȼ֮¡
鶼ѾˣһֱʡڳﻮҪĻ֣ء
һֱڳﻮ֮УΪհͻʵĿɺҡһƵĹ嶼ɱˣûɱģܵެǱȥˣֲַЩƵĹ塢λأҵˣͲٲɺôƶǿ϶ģʡһֱڸ£ֻ˵ʱЩ磬ǾʡĲиŬǰֳˡ
Ҫǵ
ǽʡƶַǿԭһЩͬԭĻǵݡжĴڣҶûбҪƷȫԭ򻮷֡
һ¤ҵ
Ȼ̫һ㣬˿ڲܶࡣ
󶼻ڵĹȣǾʡģҲպôλãǽͨҪΪʡʺϲˡ
⻹趼ͥݡضҶ붼ա
ɶսҪأλ÷ǳؼΪȡþԵͳȨطһҪס
ʮⶼ϶ڱ߾ʵǾ򣬿ƳֱӴǰ߷Ǳʵ̫Զһ㣬ҪǴԭĻ˲ơ
л˶ʮݣһء
ʵѻֵģΪԲʽڵģ㲻ܽ˼һ룬˼ôܻӦڣնҲڼǿԵصͳΣһֱͳƻȵȣ㹻֧֡
⣬ʷǺ³ʱڵصĽǼȨһģӦ֮裬ȻҪ룬ʴ˰ŴʷȥӹȨ˾ְ໥ƺ⡣
Ψն⣬նڴ󶼻ǼȨһģΪ͢Ҫһǿ֧ն󶼻ľ˵Ļһá
ټôһ֣Ȩȫɢˣǰ󶼻ֻϵĴ󶼻ƽʱûжݸĹϽȨǷͻ״ֱ͢󶼻ܹѸγն빹вΪȸպôλãҪնܹľӣҪ췴ֱӿԽӣնȨĻ͢һگӡˢNݣأⷽҿǵöǷǳܵ
ζԴǷǳ⣬ֵԽɢԽãֶ֮һֱǵֻ֮мͲ̫ÿƣ빹в
ˣǺҲ˵ʲôҲ˵ʲôôӵ򻮷֣˭ȥƷϰջûͣרҵ֪ʶһ㶼߱
ڵõҵһֱֵ֮ͬλȨѾɺյĽ飬ʩϵĹʽ˼ܹӮյΣܱԱ˽ףҹ֮ơ
ԭĲͬ㣬Ҳҵĵط
ΪԭԹ϶µͳηʽܴʷʷһһͳȥӶγɸ߶ȼȨͳΡ
Ϊе˰߱ߣذյľ״һصĲֱӹغߣûǮܸʲôնǮɲһ˵㡣
Ǵӵ·ģôȻҲʧȥ˾ԵĹϽȨñ˵ͥݾֻжͥоԵĹϽȨܱȥܵģ漸ۣɲʷ˵㣬˰ģ˽ǮǵȻû⣬ǴʷҪܣҪӿ㻹ҪǮΪݶԣصĲֱӾݵĲĲģһһϡ
ȻҲ˵ȫҪٸչͨģŰ죬Ͱ˹ٸѹȰյȨ
ҲδӦķǳҪһԭ򣬾Ϊһʷ߱ȨĻˣҪ췴һûǮûˣȨǼȷɢģ찡οɴδ˵Ҫշƣɽ߻ʵԶΪԣʷ϶뾡취գȻٸʲôһɻңɷǳʧ͢ѹһأ̰һˡ
˶췴ɶЩ쵰ɵģûйϵҪ֪Ļ϶ᷢʳʱѾָȼһػû⣬𺦵ȴε棬ҲΣԩҲž
һǣؾݵĲݿûĲܼ򵥣֮ԸݵȨΪܹӰ쵽ݵĲǳ͢ĲɲҪ֧ţǵ˰գԭԱһĳԺȿֻҪܹԸ㣬ͿˣǷ붨ģҲǾ׿ϣܹʩС
ֻ˵ĿǰԭԣҪǰкƣں壬ͳһȨߵĳǰںɹȡȵ˾ԵͳһǿʱģǿԸıģսһΪǲı䣬Ҳı䣬ǿԸı䡣
ҲǴԼ˼ǲŴӦġ
°ţú鰲һģʷɴƼʵֱԭһ
帮ھͺɵѽȻϵȨ֣һؼģҲ˵ʲôƶȾŵģƷ£ƷϣʵȻҲ̫ϡ˭ǮǣȥıһְٰǻǮܡ
⣬ǽùٸ֮ҪϽк֡ѧҪڵؽѧԺﻪĻӴóذյںϡ
֮£̸¹Ȼ롣¹Ȼô˵ҲǸԼҵģǵȻ̸̸¹Ȼ룬ǳʵڡ
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ǧˡֱ˵Ȼǿǹġ
üǲһ㡣
פƳγɲһγļƶȣжٱɶٱ˼Ҹƣðȥפ˼ҰղԸȥļôһˣǧ˿ǲˡ
ԵͷԵЩԥҲ֪ǧ˹á
ģǧԡǧʿ¹ȻһԵֵסຣĽҪެǲôҲͼʮܷصסɵó˳֮Խǧʿǰȥ¹Ȼ룬ҪǷֹܱ߲ͻȻϮԼΪǵԮȡ㹻ʱա
帮̵޳˾յĽ飬⳼ΪǧʿľѣӦ¹Ȼ
ڵ֮ǳǱǣûǳǮ
úЦǣĿ⣬ǱԼòǵġ̵£¹ȻĿǰҪȼãԼľӶǻǵľӣ˵ȻѾӦαػںǧ˵ľˡ
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΢
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յΪɳ̸͢Уضãǰȥóס
帮ҵΪ¸г͢ǰȥǢ
úܺ棬ھ÷棬һֱصǺգ帮ҲзۣʵΪΣ
ҲеЩѵ滹ʲôô
帮£Ϊ¹Ȼ뻯ƶһϵ߿ֵǴƽ
˻һ˲һ
ü˼ǣ͢ʩרӪ
ԭ˴˰Ⱑղüͷ
帮ΣͭȿҲӦȫΪרӪ
帮˵꣬¬µɣɣ˾򲻿ɰ


1421 
˰Թһֱǹص˰գΨ嵽Ƴһʱڣ˰ʱڣҲûгֹڣµʮһͣ͢ǿżγأ۵ģڲģҲǹԱáֻҪٸ룬۸һ㶼ܵͣ񳤰μһʮǮ˵Ƿǳˡ
帮¬¬кμ⣿
¬ҳһֱǷе˼룬ڰƷ棬һֱȡĶΪΣҳûκƷǲȡרӪģȫɰԸ㣬μ۲ʮǮһնܹԵϣ͢ȡרӪôǽմȥصĸ
˰ѵͻʹȥô¬⻰ǷЩΣ
帮мһЦֵ£Ҵƹ̩񰲣ĺƽҲδѣѾΪҴưͼ߸߾أԲⱣެִһҪǮǹûǮʲôɣӳԶʼһ
֮ȻҪҴ಻ɺԡҳ˰ȫƾӹƣµũ򣬶ںľѧ棬ᵽһǳۣͬǲҪһ棬˰ʹòơȶӹ룬ҵøǿͳһ䣬ڹҷչڸմȥصĸôֻҪҴ㹻ǿ󣬼ܱսңܿСǮղġ
ǵһħһɰðüû뵽帮ôһӣˣΪھ÷棬帮Ķ֣ȴû뵽帮ڲŮˣоľѧˣǰʯͷԼĽŰ
ɫݣƺЩġ
Ϊʲôެηηβģû㹻Ĳ֧֣̾ǻǮڹǮǱľʱڣͻԶҪһ̾ʹˣҾͿٱ㹻ǮķṦΰҵָտɴ
˵ˣҲǳģǮܹˡ
ʦԣæվ飬Ϊ̰вٳ˰ʩרӪƶȣǽΣһΪ˿͢ӹɸĲ֧ΪƽЩ֧ͱ̧μۣӰտڴǮкβͬ
һ͢רӪͻֻעεĲעεΪ˰ձƷٹٲõΰҲôӳ͢򡣻Ʊػθܣһ˰󽫻Ǿ޴ģԱضıߣͺñȳ͢ԱյǮȻٷߣʱұؽң벻ӣٱ
帮ɴ˻ҿɲҹͬǣǰȷΪ˰Щ⣬Ϊʲô˰أɼлĵǿȡѵЩ״ķֻҪǼִг͢ߣμۣžԱ̰⻹ǿеģк˲ڣⶼʲô⡣һгĲԴķɾͰҵҲԾȼգ֮١
¬һ帮̸̰ƫȥˣ帮ʲôʸ̸̰縯ˣôƳ˰ӹƹ壬ǮҪ˰Ǯˡ
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ðЦ㻹ҪǮҪҶˣɼһ˰ӵ̶ȥ
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κܶģǮ˭Ҫ帮Ҫģ֪϶д󳼷ԵģǿգգΪ飬Դο
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1422 Ϊ̰
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Ц飬˰ǵŻҰҳôδ˰Ÿոյλ飬Ҫ˰μǣܲôֻµʱҺߵϣᱻָű
帮ҪǹҴҪ
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εͷȷʵˣ̰ͼвƸ޲һ̰ͼֵĻʵۣԣҪûǮĻܶ¶ɲˣ˿Դ˰գΪǱģʹùҲøȹ̣˰Ⲣǹؼ飬Ȼ֪֮ɷȥ
ζãôҲҴյȻ糼ԣÿ˵ʲƶ˰գܹӹ⣬Ҳܻƶ࣬;ƶԣĸ˼벻ڷĶ٣ƽΪʲôҪƽΪʲôҪؼ沢ΪҲŻȶһƶôƱػҡֳ˰ľơ
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ǵ˰˻ŷôºͳǿУҲһŵģ볼ֻˣûչ˵һһȫµĻǹԱҪң볼ûֹһ䷨ܻԽԽ㣬˰ĻҲʢһʱǺܿͻģΪˮۣܸۣٺõߣҲĺãֻаĺãҲŻᰲҪ˰ôһѣˣĵס


1423 Ϊزƣ
һܽһ֡ѣ
˰࣬ǽҪǾ͸Ū㣬˼ΪƴƴΪɶ
Ƿ⽨ᱯ֮ӢĻʵۣҲҪάͳν׼档
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ȻЩ˳ǴһЩǮӲͷҲܹ˵һ䣬ӯôҲдģһ˴⣬һʱǲ䲻ϵģʴ˻ʵ۲ܸʲôﶼûеף³ʲô£ûǮӦڶͣûжԨһҲǶũ֮ʱȥŪһŪһ񾭼÷չũ֮ʱũȥ׬ǮԸȥˣΪʵ۲ǮۣͶԾͣˣϾⲻǹұĶ۰޹谭׬ǮҲ
ǻûǮǮǮǵôţԱʱ֮裬㽫Ǯȥ޹ˣһ̣ʵ۾Լõȥɡ
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ⲻϲµģЩƣҲӸԣһ㣬κһв׼ʿᣬΪʵۣ˭ǧʷɾͰҵ޿ɺǣⶼҪǮ
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𣬴ߴٵ㵹ǿ˵

յȷʿعĸ׼ӵеĲƸ࣬ԶԣǶԷԼãΪƸŵλҪ˵˰׼϶ֽкãܹô˰͢Ҫ˰˱ضӵģϧѪҲҪһ֮ҲֽкãԴƣȵ໹˼˰ôʿũ̿϶ֵ֧ģΪǰ˰ĿɶǹԱǺǣ
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ǰȥأñεǰȥݽֱӽξ͵ػΪƷ˻ԭĻƷ׬Ʒ󣬶󡣿ƷҲнģƷǱҪΣңҪ˵ԭģһھε˷Ѿȫʡȥˣô¹Ȼĵͼηӵи󣬶ҲԭμۣӰ쵽̵档


1424 ƻ
ɱСһεóף¹¹Ȼⷽ棬Ҳǽʾ֭
һ⣬ĿǰԭμǱȽϵ͵ģ˷ֲˣҪ¹Ȼ뽫͵ԭμ㶨ٶԣҪǶˣȥˣ˵帮ߣӭж⣬һһģֱ͢£ٶ׬
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յͷ¹ȻൽԭģҪԵġһ㶼İոȺԭһ·ֱŹأҪ̫ĳɱΪǱߵǲԭǵȺŹԶ֮ɾͲˣΪԭûʲôԭ㣬˻ӳɱܹݾͽɱƷĻԭƷɱҪ͵öࡣ
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ͬʱ¹Ȼȱˣԭǳ࣬ǿԽˣ͵˵ĹؼΣȫԾ͵ؽθˣε˷ѵھʧˣҲͼôȻԸǰͬʱҲٽںϵĴߡҿøİճԵζ⡣
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ҲھƽߣֻΪȣȥĹͳƺͽͳյĲƸٶȣҪڹƸӣ߶ӣͿˡңΪҪǮѽҪȥ󣬷лұְڣǮ׬ġ
ҲúеҪô͸ɴ˰һߵȻ㲻ɼĴյģǾӦ취һЩμۣðĸã㽵μۣ𺦲棬𺦵Щ̵棬㻹һֶΪˣǵͷӦҽ񽻸ȫȨ
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յҵΪʲôôܹչΪƳߣûֵ̼ߣֻҪ˱̫ţ׬ǮԣҪŵ࣬ǿɾ͵ˡ
α̬Ȼ˵ȥǻʵʶҵһҪԣǿԻ⳯͢յìܣҪ¶ũôֻҪһ˰ũ˰ֻҪ£һũ壬Թûģܹƽ׼Ҫһ׼󣬷Ըȶ
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˵ţüǹƾСһˣԲ£ⱾһٽҵչĺûᣬһҰǵø˲ȥңǵþ찲ţĿǰ¹ȻڴչҵܹôܹɵһʽףǵøϽǰȥ
ŴС˼ǣһǻʾʣ
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һֱţȱ𷢸ʾ룬˲ҡ


1425 죬Ҿ
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ܵ룬Ǻ磬Ҹ˺Ļҳզ죬вٺҵСֱСֲˣⲻǸͨԼҵôЦԼˣ⡣
٣ûͦİպǺһЦ˭ǲܵģһλֺܶҪȥݣӻᱻˣģ㹻г㷢ӵģ׬ǮֻԽԽࡣ
ܵһ磬ΪҪȥݽ
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滪ٺЦţˡ


1426 гƷĺû
գվ˻棬ֱҪϡǵһ¥ڽеĹɷݣȡöԽеȫȨҽеȫͬʱҲֺֻ١⣬һζڽеɣõһ¥ֱӵõֺ죬Ϊϣһ¥Сȥݽ
Ƕû˵͵ͷӦ
һС˶ѣһǳµСˣⶫ治ģҪǵЦǲӦģֻǮΣȻԸ⣬ͼֻѡңúڿǮ֪Ҫȫ֪ܹڽеĹɷȫù
̸֮󣬺ձ̸ܵ£ɣľСҰӱ޵ĸֽ
ںյУˮģֽȴǱΪϸģŽͷͷʱ䶼зţ˶ҪǩԼ˭й¶ȥҵǾ˵ģȻҲߵģ棬ϹŸ˵
Ϊֽ漰෽ҵƲܴȥģʵˮ㱻˸ȡˣӰ캫յƻҲٺܶǮ
ֽѲһȦοһԱԵô۲ֽۣԱȫûκβǶѾǳˣΪ׬ǮһЩСҪ࣬⻹ʲôġѲһȦ󣬺ȥзš
ֽ࣬ģһ쵽վڣ͸Ӫһ
ʱͺˣ˶Ѿ°ˣзȴǵƻͨĹæµš
ԭѾзֽţȤˣΪѾԣͲϵзʲô϶һԣܹʲôֽ
ЩһˣѣȻѾǵˣ̽Լзøտʽֽš
һһſ˿ɫ
һԽЩֽŶʲôԭϣûǸɣһǮһֻõֽŶϵȲģֽţãɺȴЩֽźܸȤõֽţͿ˿ѡ
ԱߵĹƣżôƣõÿһۣһԣӵֽţԭϣǱãȻд֣㻭ô̫˻˰
ôǲǺܺ棬ΪʲôЩϲֽôȤͻȻ±Щ˵
Щ׷׵ͷ
յΪѾвϵȵֽˣǮ˾ô࣬ĿǰԣϵֽŵгѾˣӵֽԵȴһгΪûɶǮֽţҲҪֽţܹд־ˣֲǸʲô鷨˶ˣǽӵֽţҪӵֽٽиڿƲųɱͬʱȡܹøһ㡣
ȻҲ˵ҪںֽŵзҪֽŵļƣͬʱһӴͶʶԭϵȵгԭϣԼԣˣҲŴЩֽţǺҪסһ㣬ŵȵƷһõƷӵйгƷõƷҪгı仯ȥȺ󡣡
ҪƹֽҪģŵֽȥѧԺСѧãĲǮںտд־ˣ˵ǣܹ̿дˣëʶҪīˮҲҪǮֽŷ棬Ǽ۸ȡ
￴ָ֮ɣľȥŽİ칫£רſзֽţֽһŸĹģһ߿һڽ⣬ֽš
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ģСһŬġ
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յʵǿԵģǴȯշǳҪҲκһ֪ȯֽȫգҴһЩĽһȫµԭΪ滻һŸҲ֪ȯȫաԺ̸һе£ɣľ忴ûʲôĵط
֪ˡ

ѡӲ죬ȻǸʱ䣬ʵȫԲ֮ԽˣΪҪȥ޼ɣϾôãҷô£Ӧ޼ɼһ档
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Ŀ̣̫ξڸԼ尡
޼ɵͷ΢Цˣٲදԣɾͻ᷸Ϳˡ˵ţеӷ˻ȥ̧Ŀۺգ֪˰ɣԱȺţɱȺŲԶˡ
տЦһ̫ξ˵ǣķڷ
»Ҳʲô֮¡
޼ɰڰ֣˲ǲ֮£˼ܣ̫ʥϿҲǺľ˼٣ֻϧδܳɹʱ̫ʥϾϷ˵ҰĲС֮ԲԸڸӷĳѡެƧΪ֪ڴƣֻҵ֮£ެĻпһ֮ϣʱѡǳȷġ
ʵ̫ξðһ䣬̫ʥϿ¹ζԸެߣ
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Щźس˽ѵȷʵЩɵ»ޣ֪»µľ񣬿ϧûκζԸެĲԡ
޼ɺǺǵҲҪɥ̫ʥϲ̫ͬʥ˳ᢣʤǧڵӦ䣬ӲľУʧȡ棬Ȼ»ۿܾѶȴܹش֣¹Ȼڽ뻯Ϻλ⣬벻ѽϷܸ֮»ޣǴȴ»޴˸ƽ֡
뻯λ϶Ŵƣŵ²ӶѾҪ뻯ԼĶӣެʹƹϷ¹Ȼ롣
̫ξˣ΢΢׵
ôҲ
޼ɸһߵۣ˷ǱҪˣ˰ȻҪһǵһǡ
պǺǵһۣ˵̫çײˡ
Ϊǻûе硣޼΢΢һЦҼǵǰ˵˼ܣµĻǲôһ㣬һ֮£ȴҪۣÿСӼƻܣƷǳϸ£ĻֻûɡʵΪҪܡˣⲢҪҪǣ߳һһ࣬ǵ֮ʵĴ֮һѣ㻹ǰһ뾡ְ취ȥԷǣǸǰ¥к𣿡
տЦʵֻЩæȥǳˡ
޼øһЦ漴ɫһǷϷЩףΪǵŻ٣ϷϷдһôҪô
յͷǳҪȻҲͷ̫ξȥͬһȥˣΪǵм


1427 ĵδ
޼ü˼Ƭ̣л͸󣬵ǰҲûôҪΪ˱ǣܵ帮ǵݺһҲ˵ԭҪȥģ뺷ԭͬŪ÷ӣ˵Ļɾ͵òʧˡ֪ƻڴƶԷǳҪΪˣӦһЩϵĹԱǰȥǣĿģ
ЦЩ˵ĳѯ̫ξɣ
޼ɵͷ
ʵҸ˵ÿɶҪԭ򣡡յһҪԭ򡣡
ϷȻ벻޼Ŷһʲôԭ򣿡
΢һʵ̫ξʢĹҲӦöҴδп֪̫ξΪǷһֱȥ
޼һ㶣кι
űҪϵ̫ξͽ̣չֵ
޼ɳŵӦ֪Ϸһֱӵʱڵߡ
Цʵò
޼ɳĬջǵͷƵȷһЩ׶ˡ
յһЩ׶ˣ̫ξԲߣ˵еĸԽԽ٣ٵڱ沢˿ڼӣӹƣ˿ڲӣ˰վͲӣ٣˿ӣؾô࣬һ죬͢ûеڸգʱô죿
޼ɳã̾˵ϷʵҲ⣬ǲδֻ֮˵֤ӻµöԲߡ
յҿҪάͳƣֻһ취
޼ɵʲô취
յţͬެϵķս˿ڲͬʱôأƵҪ
ɲС޼ɻֵƣս
յôͱı䣬̫ξӦҲˣʵһУǽũسаˣ£ѧԺþĺжʸ񣬶ԾʩһЩı䡣ֻα겻αؼ˰գǱҪһµİ취ƣ˵ǲ䣬˳Ĺɡ
޼ɵͷϷǿˣʲôϵأ
յһƶȵأ̫ξӦҲ֪䷨˫нҾųɾŶʧܣΪһ䣬ض˺ȵߣҲ׵ĸı䣬ʮգʷЩ䷨඼ǸݵµһЩƾģȻʩУһѣȥ취ܶʱΪʱҴһ£ǷУ
޼õһû뵽üͷѵ뽫Ӧõԭ
յܣǸݺ˵ϰƶģҵȷڱ֤صͬʱչҵ
޼ɵũҵũΪȣũҪռݾҪλã˳͢Ű䲼گȰũɣҵչôƱضҪ֮ı䡣
յͷµĸı䣬һֶĲ̫ξ˵Ҫ䷨Ҳܸ˵һɹȣ㲢ǷǳİյΣҴưͼ޽ֲһ̫ξҲܸÿطԵı䷨ϵĸı䣬ǱĬģֻ͢Ҫ״΢ϵĸݰյ΢ĻͱЩȷԣЩͻ˺κ˵档
޼ɵԹũΪչ̣ѵаһɹ
ЦʵѾıˣ̫ξҲӦͲˣǲδӰũʵΪ˶٣ȫԽתҵ棬ͬʱҲܴٽũҵΪ̲ʳģҪ򣬹˶ˣȻǣũȻ⣬ũңչܻܵޣΪôأô˰գǹԶͣͲǰҵĻ˿ڵ࣬ԽԽãԽԽǿ
޼ɵʵʱڵʱϷ뷿Ҳ̫ʥ£ǶΪũصģǽթģһ˷չڹҵĹ
ЦũصģɵǣһθûйϵҲΪʲôÿڷֹؼ沢ΪһǿǾͱ˻ֲһЩ¼䶼ǵʱ˭䣬һ䣬ͻ˺ȫµ档ûһֹܹؼ沢Ϊĵ࣬帮ǿǼ沢˲ٵأͳ͢󳼴ͷǾ˭Ҳֹˡ
޼ɵ˱ҪŪһƵĶ
ǹ̡յյİձʳǵĵλģǿҲƾУֻҪƽ⣬͢ࡣ
޼˼ô˵µİɡ
յͷ̫ξ֪ģҲһеˣֻΪûδı䣬˵ʮɵİգҲҶԣֻһѡһ·̫ξôʲô׵ĻҲϣ̫ξָܹҡ
޼ɳĬƬ̣˵䲻޵ϷԴ˻Ϸ̫ʥ϶ˣҲ˵£Ϊ͢ҪȫֵģǵǺܶ෽棬տɲῼǵެ֣ǳ͢ÿһ㣬ֻҪôƶϵһЩ׶ҲֲܹģϾˣΪͬ£ͬȥõĽܻȻ෴ؼˡ
ЦҲŰ̫ξдһ
޼ɹһЦּ˵ϧ帮ڵȨҪ˵˵Ļֻ»ԽԽ㡣Ϸ򵱳һֻǲеģΪެ֣Ҫֹެ帮ôΪֻںԼȨλʲô취ԣѡһ·ϷҲ֧֣ңϷǳοܹ̹档
ЦҲжǮҲ̫ʵ̫ξڹҴ棬Ҿ̫ξģΪ֪̫ξȫȫΪ룬ҲΪˣǲŻ̫ξ帮һǮȥҲ
ô£ðŹ¤ŵȥסǻʵ棬ȷʵΪ˴룬ġҲΪǳľΪ£ֻ˵ͬһ£Բͬˣòͬȥ˵ԷܴҲҲ͹ˣΪûһɵӣҶǴˡ
Ҫ˵޼ȫκգⲻǿܵģ̫Ķթôܻȫһˣ֮ԱȽźգΪõöˣȥˣѡģչƶʶȻģôҲҵģտʼҡҡԪҵˣ㺫˵컨׹Ҳŵġ
޼ЦЦˣ㶼û˵ˡ
ЦũǷģҪԹ֮󣬾ÿУôμתԭⶼҪȥ帮ȥǻ𣿳д󳼶ũӰ죬Ƕᴦôʱֻһ취
޼һ⣬ǵȥĹԱ
յͷ帮ƴѹ̫ξˣΪʺĹϵҲܹסˣҪйطãôֻǹ֮ơ
ˣ
޼ôҲû뵽Ǵһƶȣù¤ػسá
ңⲻ룬ȫԿܵġ
ڡ帮ټթϾڳΪô꣬ûԹûмôȰũɣᳫڼҲдóǿʤġ
ı״Ͳθôˣд󳼶붼ᣬΪյϣǳ͢ݹҵı仯ƶߣ˵ƶңҵչﶮικһϣ˵öСũá
ô͢ΨһܹصľĹԱȥģǹ¤ŵĳԱ¡áмȫǱߡȻʵںյĿǵУΪ̫ˣҸ²ȨйڣǱߣǴˣصһȥˣǶһôǿԹͬɳġ
⻹治ǿЦģ޼ɲ⼸Ҳһֱ˼ù¤طãǳѵģһκ֮ҪУûһǸĹ¤ųԱɽŶкüֻкҪǷǳѵģΪԷһὫ㣬ܹնݳ;Ϣʲô£ȥġ
ôᣬܷ񣿡
ֻĲʺϡЦˡն˵һ䣬̫ξȥĻ϶ǰϰȥ£ΪѾΪĹ̶˼άӦǿǿԷǳٵӦصϰףԼһЩƶϵĸı䡣ȻһǼһ棬ǱҲ̫ξϵһº¡ãǿЩˡ


1428 ¿ʼ
޼ɸС̸ãΪغŹ¤ŵδҺյԣó޼ɵͬ
ʵ޼ûٻسãͿɲСˣٻȥĻҲ̫ãܶ޷Ӧˣú˲ϣ޼ľǣù¤طáʵǳܷسãҲûй¤ӴĹ弯ںţҼ㻹ܹʢһʱҲ꼻һ֡
¤ܹãҼûڳãλҲıġ
յǷǳԶģֱƲ˳޼ɺͺ¡ˣҲһΪ˻治ĳãΪ̫ĶԹԹǻˣҲῪĵģǲıسãζڵĹ¤ŵĽҲСܶ࣬ȵˣοܲٶǴ
̸ݣǹĶǣηչƻܷɹܷɹɹˣԭԸĳɹʵĵֹƵıĳ˵ʱտоݵĽЩٵ룬γɴƵмһ¤űɻָյٹ⡣
̸֮󣬺վ׼ˡ
޼ɵǻسȥ𣿡
ʵҴȥǱ߿
޼ɵͷŵڼ䣬ϷŮ̹ȥ˵ţһɫƵݸգ㽫ƽǾˡ
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޼ֻ΢΢һЦֵϣ㾿кδ㣿
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޼΢ЦϷȻḾ֮ʣҲڲбʣûʲôֵǾ;뿪ĸһȥţº󻼡
һڵµľƶԣȷʵûʲôֵǶ̫ξ֮ĶԹܹЧΪȫ벻ģң帮ڵ˻ûбֳŹ̫ξļΪˣȨ̫ξ
֮⣬̫ξԣҵãǺܴ󣬵ңʱ˸ˣ⣬ҡ
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뿪Сݺ󣬺ձȥҤ
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תһǣӳǰһðȪ棬һλŰɴȹŮӣʣãһ㣬һĻˡ
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һ棬ֻķɫǰҪˣǱѩһ㣬ȴԳֲ̬Ĳ԰ףһ˿ϸ壬·𴵵ƣϱǰҪˣΪȪƤδʧȥ⣬ø⡣
ȻһЦֻǼͲһ֧ѣʱңġ
㶣ۣǷǳд˾򡣡
΢΢һۣⲻ𣿡
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ֵʵǣҪʵǱϿڲأҪһ磬ڿᴷؿڣôŻᣡᡯ
澲Ŀźգ·ڿһɵӡ
һĬжûУεķһ°ۡ
ԲҲĬ
ô㻹û˯ڵô
Ѿ˯ˡ
Ĭմ˸ȥʵ˭ҲЦ˭ŶУ겻£Ҳúõȥ֮УæøһƵãµͷţȴûʱ俴治֪˭һЩ
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յǷǳĲ˳˺ݺݵĽѵһ顣
ô
ĸȤƻҲܹѵ㡣
л
շ˷ۣƺ̫Ը£ϾѾ۵ģҲһ£ЦˣʱĹˡ
Եһ£ȥ
𼱣𼱣һʲôʱ飬Ǵм俪ʼģȻôͷʼ
治Եźա
ŭ䲻ȻǴ·ʼ㲻ὫǰĶ˰ɡ
ʱһ죬ŭĿźա
ǺѾվ˫һţһǷı顣
ԥƬ̣վǰȻüһ壬ֱӵûϴˣ
֮һĨΣµУһδߣܣ۵ùǺ㣬㾹Ȼңеô
Сһȷʵܳģܲϴϰ
ʲôζŭһֵѵѣҲ˵ô
ҵȻᡣ
յﲻᡣ
΢΢üΣǰһסǴü΢΢̽ΡΡġ
ն֣˰춼ûԼǳƣƵסס·ҪһܵĸоһŮ˲ܣǺʧܵģ㿴УҸеԱҪɴһȥԼˡ
л
ϲһлϽӻԼġԷȥ
Ҳ˵˵Ҳܵ棬ӿεΪ
ôֲô
½󣬵ͷһᣬգζһŨ


1429 ֱ˯
յƣ缱
ȪʹʹQһ£ϴȥϳղδ棬˳ϼף˵Ǽ鹦Σʵȴ̰ͼܡֻ˱Ȫߣ˫ſͷţ΢΢Ŀǰ˵ĸʮֵá
һϣ
ʵΣ
һۣԼΪأ
ĬҲûпȥ볪ΣΪΪһ״д̫ˣҡұǷǳϲʴǸȥ
ļٵģյҲддѣôô
ⶨдá
˵˭дģ
Ҳ֪Ʋдá
ΪΣ
Լԣһֹۻϵˣһ״һһᣬ࣬ˣдóĴ
һЦѵ㲻ľһ״ʷǳǺô
һΣ
ǾͶˣյһ״дģ㳪ʱ˼˭дãѵ˵дãʴڴʱ򣬵ȻľΪȣĽǶȥݸֵԸȥһд˵רҵ
滹汻ոסˣ˵̫еˣ㻹û˵ҳΣ
յԤƵܶ࡭
һ΢΢üԵЩơ
֪ջһתһҹƴ󡣡
һ˻
յҵʱǿȫתķʹ˾ǰˣ˱Ͼеģڲ¶ģȥȥתĻӲ˲ͦõãԵô⣬ķѾı䣬ɼЩ£û·ѵ
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յͷΪһרҵʦҵĿѵ㣬þǺãþǲãҸƭ㡣ҲҪ㡣
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ҪʣҪңΨСŮҲ
ոпһֵҪԡˣѡͣѡرܡ
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Ƭ̹󣬺ʯ棬ǹͷŸӰͷϸüȴǽţǵ˫Ŀŵĺգôܼ

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ҲŲѾߡ
ģѾɵϡһߣصҲѾߣ̬ҸеƣҪȥµģñ¸㡣ܶ˶˵Ů˵ֱģʵģ˹Ů˵ʱ򣬸оҪŮ˻ҪΪűŮ˸ǿͼģŮ˸רעһһ˶ܹܵõ
˵õΣ
ȻܰյܹΪԼ˲ͷһҸ
㲻ǡ
ҵȻǣǵĻǻʲô˭㶼øԼĿģȥֳܹﵽĿĵΪٴγֵʱͲ棬һԣҪαװԼȥЩ˵ȥЩϲˣ㶼㻹̸ʲôѵٴμʱȥһô
ĬˣһϣԶ˵ա
յסˣھ͵Ǳ£ҪҺߵעңĸҵ㷢һҪҪһܣϣԶôȥĸо
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ЩĿźգԺᡢ顢ߣ˰죬ҲûԼʲôʱôιˣвһįѹֱ»᲻Ҫҡ
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Ҳ˵ѾǺܲͷˡ
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عʧľһĨ
찡Ҳҵʲô
ǸǸûп
ҵҵͷ㶼ֲ
ǣҡ
ˣгһգܹ߳ɽǧ˵ҵͽܣ涪ˡ

죬ίӣĲţȻǱ۵ģǲ͵ϣźսģȻᡢ飬ǶעӣȥעźգŬȥΣɵһյ;ĿԺȫǵ۸ƬΣԽԽίԽԽ÷ŭһӾͽս̵ĸȥˡ
Ҳ֪ȥãһ
ŵֶһ£һԭѾ˯ΪˣͷѾÿҪήˣ룬Ҳ˶á


Ҳ֪ȥãһֻջģģʲôδֺ˫Ŀ׼˯һᡱΣ
䣬͵˫ֻۣڶ棬һ鼮ЦĿ͸һ˿üĿ续ȴһĨЦ⣬ȻܵȴԹھ£˵µһˣȴҲΪѽҲ˵Ȼո˯ѣȴδ˿ɣѾ˰
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ˣյ뿴ݵˣһްȫеĵط˯ţֵĲᣬ˵ͷ˯ôΪˣҲܹȻ˯Ҳ㣬ֻ㽾
˻ǽƻ͸汾źոո˯ѵģȤһºգȴûгɹơ
ӣҲ뿴Ц±ӰɣհһЦֵձֵĲҾʹȥǡ
桪
ɫһϲ漴ֵ㱾ǴӦҵģôͣ治ˡ
յֻ˵سŵ
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վɽϣϵ·ǣ˱Żľķ㣬ԶеУֻޱȵĿ뿪˵´ŵһг˵ĻɽСϣĿĴѰ٣Ҳ֪Ѱʲô
ˣϯض˲óǣ¶ͯһа΢Ц
ռ˵ҲһﲻԣʵҲ˵㣬ΪҲҪģϿǼ٣ʵΪϢҲҪһƬ
Ҳ֪ȥá
ֻۣŵһϤζʶæ̧ͷӳһſĿԼǷǳЦݣν©ƫҹ꣬ǼϤ˯һΡ


1430 ѵĻծ
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ţ
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ֵѾŮ˵ȥߣͷʱ˵á
ĿĬֵͷ
ڶϰЩҾͲ˵ˣҲϴСˣҪ߶
л
͡л
շ˷ۣ㻹ǺΪ֮ɣ
԰գ˶š

صͶ뵽Уǲ룬ɲ
巽ɣľԺǱȫ׼׵֮󣬺ձ̷һڴձ
Ǳģֵ洦ɼ߰˸Χһһݱֽ
ΪôãôදҲ֪һڴձﳬֵ
ҪĻѧԺΪҪľշƶȣȷƻһѵѧԺͬģл¶һ㣬ǵʱǿ߼רҵԺУÿ˵츳ѧϰרҵ֪ʶͬʱһͣ꼶Ҫѧԣҳŵ֮ڣ߸ͽȫࡣ
ѧѵĻһһǮʳ㣬ûи˵ѧѣϾǽֲӯԤά֧ƽͿˡ
ǰѾˣΨһľǺʱѧѧԺͬһʱ俪ѧ
ǹѧԺʼѵӪĶǰҲѾ˵ˣǮˣؼڣʮһ³ܿũæ֮ʱھͿȥԼ񰲾ʽˡ
ǽ档
һ֣֤ԡ
°꣬ȿơʦǾʱδ¶ȡ֤߽ʦ֤Ŀԣɽ뻧ȥѧԺ顣
һƪ£ǡСֵ¸ʵСֻһӣҪǷͷ˵ǰǳĹҵķչ˶˸ǰҵ֮һ
һڴձݿνĿģҲģÿһƪֵùעǴδйġ
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ӿڣΤ۱˵ǶѧԺɡ
ϵͷûǶȥʿѧԺǵѧԺߣѧԺѾʽˣֻձ˵һ꼶㿴ǶöĸǺð
ΤЦǰȥҹգ˵ѧԺĽѧԼ̲ĶǰĲֱͬӶ꼶Ļֻѹܴ˵ǵĺӻСһ꼶ãš
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¬ʦԳü˼Ƭ̣˵úܶԣȥѧԺ飬кܴİڵǣȥ˵
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ˣʵһѧԺʦұлᣬҾµƿʴ˲ûȥǺѳīȥˣΪұȽƶƿȥˣֱѧԺѧԺʦĴɲȾƷٲཱ𣬾˵Ὠᣬīҵڹÿ󡣰֪ˣҲȥˣȴÿȡʦʸ֤ѧԺ顣
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˵ûǶԼˣ㿴ЩźСˣ㲻ƣܹûģźСߣһ׼û
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λҲΪ֤Զ
Ǵ㿼ȡ֤أ
Ǵ㿼ʦ֤˵ֻ֤ȥ䲻ϼλֳݰ
ǺǣɾͲ֪˰ɡݻϢὫһתΪʽԱ˲Ҫմ
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Ժ
СѽҪǰЩſɿһСȴȿֺɶΪС簡
վһתǴԺڳö飬ӵп
ʵ֤ףǺһɤ£ǰǴδйģһô붼һЩſʣþһЩ˷ˡ
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ȣ֤ͽʦ֤мĿܻùġ⻹ֻΣΪҪǣǼȻŪôһô϶᲻ƳȥҪȵ֤֤ļֵڣôһϵˣһõǵãĻŻи
ԭˣ
Ȼ򣬵ôҲԶСѽ룬ѾС͸ˣһĻ
պǺһЦֵ߾Ͱ̫ʷˣһȥ
ЦС磬Ҳ̫żˣôͬʱУѹǲС
ЦǺǵ˵ֹϣֻҪһݣˣ
ùһЦСﰡ


1431 Ѿʱ
翴ⶼǺյĹͣҲӢʱơ
ʵûʲôԵӢʱƣҲûʲôԵӢۣ໥ɵġ
յĽΪλȡ˴ĳɹһ빦͵ùʱԪʱڣǺѵĳɹġ
ƾԴƣΣʢ塣
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˼ǷǳɺͿŵģƳмʫ˲̳͢ͻʵ۵ģǰ׾ײԹ̫ô
յĸٶǹ£ûйϵ˼Ҳǳ
еĽ֤ڣص㣬ǽûиٲֱϵӵϵҲΪ˸ͷñ˵֤ȥҲֻǹ٣֮Э֮ģһûǨʸ
ѧԺֻΪ˵õõĽȥ֤ΪһڷΪ˸õΪ˵١
һܴת۵㣬ΪĹ룬ƾٵڣ˲žУбµ˲Ҫȥ췴ûбµˣûͣ¿ɰһ㲢ûƳõɣΪˡúôһ䣬˲žͷˣȫٳ漷ҪԴȥͲܳ
ʵʷϣƳһǳҪת۵㣬ΪںʱڣǱߣʱγɵġ

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֪Ҿȥ巽Ǳ߿ʧ߰Ƶ
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ѵԽԽ󣬻Խ˵Խ٣
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κСǺС磬ǿɶû
һֵ̼ǵˣҲΪҼҶһ˵궼ûУͿļһ㣬õм
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˵˶٣ֵˣһˡҲв˲̣ʱѡȡɵõңĹ̰ǣΪ
һ˶ͦɵˣ֣УҲһ±ơ
̣ǮһԺС磬ѵԼȥô
յǽͨҪأɲ⽨ģݹٸϸĹ滮⣬Ժڶڽоȡһԭһȴӽда̣Ƚãȥܹ
ҪǮôǮɵɵʵ
պǺǵѡȥ
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˶ûȥȾͽˣǲûȥ׬⡣
Щ͵͵໥ʹɫȻѾˡ
֣ж룬ЩʼջӲյİ
һԼǣ׬⣬͢Ų𣬵һȽãⲻǳô
ʱһ˽ںնֹ˼䡣
㶣Եͷȵֳ֮Щ˵Ⱦ鵽ǻȥϸһ£˾ϸ̸̸
Щ˶ûи̸񫣬ôûмɼҲúƤǷ׷ǡ
ɳôãЩ˾һ±ƣֻվʮң䶼ڶʮңǽ»кüǶʶеĸŴ壬ЩŴ壬զˣѵ


1432 ͹
ȵǮ뿪֮Щ˱ôãеһ
лðݷã֮¡
༸Ҳɫǫ
Ҫ֪ǰЩӺ࣬涼Ըȥӣһ㶼бĿۣı䣬ڱһЩͬΪյЩߣոճ֮ʱȥ죬Щͳ޷ܣЩֳúõýҲʼ⣬ټϺչԽԽ󣬰նӵգҲûվڸߴӺա
񣡡
΢΢ֵ֣λ
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л͵ҵӦ뷽Щ˵Ŀһ
ˣƺȷ
лͷ
ԲǾ֪һֱ֮£֮Աǣôա
лҲҲǲǶ֮֮ԱǣʵҼҲʳ¼ȡƷԹʥ֮ʿҲˣ֮أֻΪϲЩΨͼ֣֮ˣҲǾĺܡ
֣ǫ²ҵ
Ǻǰף˵㣬һ˵ʲôռ̫Ĺ壬ģ˵ҲǱֻﶼˣζЦҲ˵λȤ
л˽ǵͷ
һСǵˣʵһֱжľѧҴܵٵԼѧϰ龭ѧеĹ˼룬ȡ˹ӶƶȣԼĸأҺøԴһЩݡ
м˿ʼԼھѧ⡣
ǵĻǻ治ڹάգѧϰֻǿصǹǵ˵ʱԵ÷ǳ˷ܣ˺շǳ𾪡
ʵйʷϣҲֹʱ壬ʱڶֹģǣֻڷгֹǴδֹʱ󣬼ǧ嶼Сũãֱй
Щ˿ɶĴ壬ڳڵġ
Ҳû뵽ԼѾӰ쵽ˡ
ԣҲǼĹ裬ԼСۣĸǱԼĻҪһЩ
ʵظȺ壬Ǹ׵ĽµΪǵ˼ɡŵģϾκϱʱڣʵƽƽģû˿Լǵ˼룬ʱҲǹƶ䷨䣬ֻ˵ԼԭЩǼԵģ֮ȻҲһЩظӣظҲ˵˼ɣΪǿ׷Լ룬ؤظûظʸ
ڹһУֲѾʼµ˼롣
֮Կһص˵ܸȤΪм󣬶ҲһԣĸıǶԭ֣ڳ㲻øԣļ壬Ϊ֣ҵĴӪڹеûжأ֣һ˵ĲƸȳ֣˼һĲƸҪ࣬ڽϣʮ֮ķ̣ǶҲΪٲı䣬Ϳܻᱻȡ
ɹ˼ϵת䣬ǿԺΪ׵¹ƳҵƳѧΪʵ˵һ֮ѧʹ¸ѧԡ
ǮǶԣл˸ȡˣܶطŪҲһһΪǽͣ𷽲ĶˣΪǹ壬Ϊƶʱ̣ΪյǷСũûģû޳ɹСũģʽתһ㣬ҪЩ¹֧֡
̸һʱ̶ǳǢΪЩ嶼ֵķǳǫ飬ʣȻҲǼƽǰ¡
ȵߺ󣬺˿ҡҡͷû뵽
֣кǺǵʲô벻ģЩŴֲʥˣǳԵҲҲԣ
ô˵Ϳңȴ̣ѵҲӦøе𣿡
ⶼһǰˡ֣Ц˿ɶΪ죬¸㵱Ҳʤ
ļٵģ
ƭ֣еǮЩ˾Ͳ˵ˣǷ¥Ķ滪ܵܶΪĸǰǸʲôģҿɶ㲻ȥֻ²Ȳμӿƾٵ١
պǺǵһԷȸǮ
ɲȱǮ
֣йһЦֵܻһԭ򣬷ÿɶһҲ֮꣬ǳɻ֮󣬿ҪŷּҵľǼǮһˣƸͻú٣Ҳ취ҵҪôͼ沢أҪôˣǼ沢ΥģټĹӶƣ°ոԸ⽫ˣȻȥȥ˵ũҲܹϻ۲Ƹҵչôãѡҵʵ
˼ĵͷӦ˵Щ
Ϊⶼļ֮ڡ
ǧǱһʧ
֣йһЦǾ˵˵һʧ֮ľŰپʮŵðɡĴӽдȥݽã
Ҷ˵ȥˣ⻹м٣յ
֣кΪôһûȽãȻٵȥһ㲻ԼȥôʹҪ⹤ȫ£ҲõȵǩԼ֮ȥôż
ⲻǸʱô
ε̾˿¹ȻҲ˵ǱÿָãߴεóУԭȡȱƷܹǿɵȲˣƺãϾͻԭҵ˿Ǻ֮ڻȥǱ߽ҪãҸɴȽˣȥ˾ֱֻܹҪһģһ٣ԽԽΪһˮ·ͨչҪǳĸǱ߿ɻкڷչ
ԭˣ֣Цŵ˵ͷԶһ岽ҲɹԭʵԺǱߵΣ
պǺǵǲͦģֻǲ֪ܹܲϣһϣܹҼûţĿǰ̫Ҫⷽ˲ˣȻĻʲôҵȥ
Ҹɲδﵽ̫æ
ҿûô˵£ΪͲԣҪľݣ˼벻ãΪ飬Ҫ岻Ļ취ǹǮҰģҪãҪһǳϸݿ⣬Ҫⷽš
֣е˵ͷһңþӹǮܹܵסǮôôܻںεСǮٳɶѽֵһڵĴձǿѽôҪϢͬʱֻ´һʱᶼ޷
ҵһʱˣӲͷҲϰҡҡͷͻȻʲôƵãʵһôôûп¬ӣһлΪ½ˡ
֣е¬־ѽҷſɻ
պ
㲻֪¬пһҩô
̫ҡҡͷ־ȵпҩ̣ѵұﲻô
֣йһЦ㱱Ŷֹ󣬶еطɱ㱱ˣԽԽ࣬ǿյض̡
յҲ˵¬ӿһҴҩ̡
֣еͷңβһȥ
߰ɣ
˳дϣֻǰֵʱҪ֣ΪѾϰʲôԼˣֻ˵ǾĹҵչΪѸͣ׬ǻңʳҲûпڼұƲϯϼй
ҲǺ˱֤ģһʵ֡
ۣ֮·ͦѽ㿴ϣܶ˶Ǵ֮·һţһ֣߳Ц֮һֱæòɿȥﶼרͨ±ǮǸסһֱûģʱֱͣſڵģΪʱ䰡
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Ц뵽һˡ
ⶫɲʥģֻ˵һϰ׶γɣö֮Ϊͳ˽׼ʼչȻȻͻһʺϹ˵ķ̣ǺģҲû˿ȥô
һţһȥо͸һ֣Ϊеĵطͻõģţ϶һġ
תһǣ֣оָŽֶһİƽ׵Ĵ󷿵Ǳ¬ֵҩ̣
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¬ҩ̣ǿŵĻӭϽ֣뺫ո˽ȥ
棬ģһҩ̣ҲֻȻʹҩСֻΪ˿ҩҲûȥһһץҩһһøˡ
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¬ʦǽݣݸɾ࣬һȾװ赹ǱȽأǳ¬ʦԵķ
¬ʦΪ˵һˮŵҪǺСӰ죬ֻҲû뵽ôһҩ̡
ЦػֻҾͲ֪ҵ׸һЩʲô
¬ʦԹһЦֵʺСΪʲô֮·Ƚϱˣ
յΪ󣬶ߣԱ
һģ¬ʦ̾˿ڱ￪ҩ̣ǰҩûɶҩɶȽϹ󣬿ҩ̹غǾӯΪΪأ
ü治˵ҩ·Ͼ£ǰ𣬿һûˣǿţͻÿȥ
Ҳá
¬ʦԵֱ뵽֮ģʽӦõҩǰҩɽȥңܲɶҩĻҩƷͷǳ٣˾͹ҩƷĻȻͱˣңȱ񰲾־ְҩ
Ҹҵһ£¬ҵһЩءɽרֲһЩҩȻѧˮߵģʽȽһЩճҪҩƺãȻֱ͵ҩһĻһЩĲͲҪֻҪԼľ飬Լʦ̣һЩҩһЩЩУţͿԸݲֱҩҪǳҽǳ߳С
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ҲԣպǺǵ
֣⻰ܶԣ¬ʦ֮һ·Ϊ׬ǮǽҩøӱһЩðնҩʵǶ˶ˣ벻ΪǮΪ˰գǹ٣ǮƵãΨͼ
¬ʦԿ֣еͱάˡ˵ţյС磬ǳֲ
ˣͷۣ֣ǫ飬治ᣬתƻˣôûпˣⷬ׼лΪӽ
ͼˣôæʲô
ɩɩô֣кʵһֱڿ¬ʦԿûôС
¬ʦԵȥˡ
մ㵵
¬ʦԵѧԺǿʼô
ԶԶԣҡֻû뵽˵ţտЦҡҡͷֵ˵һˣαô鷳
¬ʦԵ˵һܽʡ£»ǰĺá
Ҳ֪¬ʦԵΪˣ΢΢¼硣
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¬ʦԼæ˳ȥա֣һۣҲ˳ȥֻһСˣͷ󺹣С˺պ֣жʶͯһ¬ʦԣͼæһ߿ޣһߺ¬ӣ㣬ȥȾҼҹӰɡ
¬ʦԾȵôأ
ҡҼҹӱ˸ˡС˵һĿޣǺ
ա֣һһۣⳤĵؽ棬мҴİ
¬ʦԵһͬʣŲ˭̷ԸϼһææС˳ȥˡ
ա֣зǳ棬Ҳ˳ȥ¬ʦԳҩֱ̣ҵ֣Ǹ׼׷ȥ
磬磡
ոǰ棬СҰææ˹ɫҲǷǳż
սŵСҰôأ
ˣ磬ǽ
ôأ
ҪѰ̼


1433 е
ԡѰ̼
նʱһ±ƣΪȫƹܹɳ¡
һԵ֣бȽżǱ类˴ɱδף߹ҪѰ̼ջ﷢㶣æС磬죬ǻǱ߱˵ɡ
ŶԶԶԡǿϳˣСҰ
ȶ£
ϵȶ¡
СҰ⾿ôô棬ȽôҲ벻ף̫ͻȻˡ
СҰͷҲǺҸСǸȥʱǽѾվˣ˵Ϊǽ㷢˳ͻ󻹴硣ǽ˵һ棬ҸϽ㡣
ա֣òһۡ

ڴȶ¶ǵһߵʯΧˣ飬ͷ棬ȴ쳣ļžܹ÷ǳֻʯĲΧ֮ϣվһŮӣݵ壬·һ綼ܽվ濴ȶ飬˶סս˫ȭ³ŵϵŮӡ
ȻȺһɧ
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ûоĲ񣡺շ˷ۣʵµĹ𣿡
ϧ˵øСҰ˵ûжĲΪ̫ͻȻˣҲ顣
üδµԵɣͿʼ̸УȻǲ֮٣Ҳûа취ǿȥһЩݡӵ档
һ̳Ȼææȥˡ
ձ̽ȥֻͷ֣ǣһ֣ӣ㣬ȥ˶෴׻£СҰҾˡ
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δȺտڣСҰ͵С֣㻹Ǹȥɣ̫ˣ˶෴¡
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ţ
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ջؽŲֵѵӦôʲô£ȸ֮£Ҳûǽ˵ġ
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˵꣬վ͵ʲôľѾ֪ˣ޹ϵܺѽ
Ǽ¶ҶûлϣṫӺҲͲᷢṫҲᡪṫһֱôãȴһҲֻẦ˺һ֮
ʲôʱôиˡ㶣ɻ۹ǣѵ汻Ů˸ˡͻȻĴǣǧôѽôܹˣֻһŮӣֻ˵İڲôҲֲͷϡҵĴⶼҵĴûб㣬Ӧֹɧ㣬ĻҲͲ
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ּĸףԲŮТŮĺۣŮʵڲԸôϺ˺ܹԭŮ˵ţ̧֣ԼֻнһΡ
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ùȻֻһ˹֣ĻžͲôˡ
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һãȻüͷ͸һ˿ŭ𣬵˵㣬ǲݹˣⶼ֪ôˡ
һƳ΢΢¶ŭ䲻񣬷ǳСҪˣñסҡ
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ǧһ֮ʣշǳӢĳǰȥǸˤڵء
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մ˿л˵ô
Թźգôһҡ
պߵ㣿ŲҰ㶪ȥ羿ô
˫۳ίҲǺ˵ñȽء


1434 ôŮ
Ȼֻ˵˵úأǴӦصΣĵزˡ
ղĿһ̾ôҲﲻɣ
ֱͷҲģû뵽ôء
𣿡Цһ
ҿûɱ磬ԼġǵһжǾȡֲˣΪһŮӡ
ŮӣպǺǵ
Ŀ˼£ֵô˵統۸㣬帮Ҳϸȥ

ռæĻҿɲᱳҲ𡣡
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޺ǽ㡣
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ˣ㻹εɣշ°ۣĹűŸ״
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СҰͷ֪ˣ
ֽǱڣŹϣȻޱĿŻǵɣ
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ҲһҪ֪µȥҪٸĻԼȥԡ
ǹԹԵĵͷ
أޱ飬˵Ҫ飬ǲŵġ
ЩΣֽµȥ˵һ顣
ԭԼ˹ȥȶ³իˣΪ֪ÿʱ򶼵ϴȶû뵽˸ճԵһ룬ͻȻ˽ȥҪ뿪Ҿ粻׼ɧŹǣǳš
粻ͻҲ֪帮ǳó裬ӵģ󲻹һųôŵĴ߽Ů˴ߣҽ˰
ǻգҲܻӦģ⼸˵ǹغ˵ĵˣ˵ӵ磬˾ִϾʢ帮軵ˣ³嶯һŭ֮£ͶϾСֺŮɫ򲻹磬ҪǣΪ֮ݣ³ʢ磬䵶佣˼ţ鼱֮£彣û뵽˻ôͣûзӦһ͸̴ˣɵȵ̵֮ԼȺˣǾˡ
󣬵˹һۣ˵µȥ֮ºԶ߻Ѿã㲻ΪһûзӦɣ
ǳĬ
պһСʢʼǿ帮ȨǲһֶΣҪԻס׾٣ʹȥ帮ףɼѾǷǳˡ԰ΪһȣҳЩӵ˭֪׷㣬ֻһκη涼Ǿڰܸġ
Ըص㣬֮䣬Ūڹ֮䣬ɱ˵磬ӦԤϵģûзҲһᷢġ
ʵϾѾ˸߰˰ˣҲȻΪʲôһԼǣǾ̴ӦˣӦôʱ򣬹ǾͿʼѾıˡǰѾųУռǣȻûеóѣҲû˸£ֻܵθߣȻкԻǴơĳ֣Ȼһ̶ϣ鷳Ǿ棬ȴܹùŮࡣ
֮ڴǰŮڴ
֮ںճڼ䣬еҪԻסɱԼʰ֮
ò˵ڹǶԣʵ̫ˣᡢ嶯һб̬һɫȫϹһϷǡ
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ǵüҲġ
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ôŮ˰аһ䣬ѽӶң¹ңԼҺͳͳڣϣֻ»Ҳڶˡ
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1435 Ӧ
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Ρһ±ƣ׽÷ˣ


1436 绢
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˴ʧɫǶǰ棬ڷ˭ҲûϵԪһӺ淢ѣǷӦԪһһԾ˫ץסĶأһŹԣ˫͵سȥ
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1437 ޵غ
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1438 ֲչ
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Τ˵ò帮δҲ̫űµĳţĿһ֮ڷǾݡ

ҴУʮˣ֮ɫһҪǴǹй壬˴֮һֱͨ飬ݣңҲԼȨɱˣɶ¶ûУǵȨҲܵ˺ù徹Ȼն硣
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һֱĬʦͷ常˵öԣĿǰҪͬʱԸպ帮ʵ̫ˣҲû㹻ȥԸգӦϺգһԸ帮
йм䣬ҲһЩǷյģ뽫ˮǾ¤ųԱѾգǸϣܹ棬һԸ帮

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λʺǲ򵥰


1442 ŮһϷ
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ʦҡҡͷСҲʺһֱƫ帮ڵôһȴΤ˼ǫȥ帮帮ְǽȶһͨ飬Ŀǰ֤ݶԣͨ۴ĻǼǲϴġ
¬üͷλʺǸĪⰡ
׿ЩƶȣҲǴλʺ󣬴񣬸ɾ䣬˶ķڷôеʱڣǷǳ׵ġ

֣ʡʺʲô˼
帮ɫ԰ףڷ
һۣа룬Ҳ֪ˡɵĺǺЦͷſİɣʺ󲻴㣬Գ棬һת㣬ȹ˺ԼλʺǻۣɱҪ߶ˡˣȹ˺ԼŶˣû°ѱɣΤ˼ǫɲ㽲ġ
帮ͻַģԪǺ˼ܣʱѾ뵽һ㣬һжŵģҲδֱӲ룬Ʋ׷鵽ͷֻϧ˵һĨ⡣ǳ񰲾ֵҪǰٷ֮һˡ
˿͵ܣҲ˵㼸䣬£ֵñ¶ðҪôȥɴġ
Ҳ밡帮üͷֵҿ򵥣ȮȻЩԣҲڻõף涨è塣˵һƳ
һҲֹʵﲢΪ¸йϵΪҪԸ帮ǰкܶᣬʱ侮ʯ࣬Լȥһᣬ鷳һЩƫƫΪ¥ĹǶѵɺȴҿûжĹϵҲֶԸ㡣һ˵ΪҲţ֪ҶûôȥѹǣȻҲɵͬʱԣҲҪִ󡣡
ԸûйϵĻҸûꡣ帮ҧ۵
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һۣδϣ帮뺫ձìܣֻ档Ƕ͵ܣʺִ֣Ȼʺڼţͱˣ˲ҪɲҪķ粨ˡ
帮üԥƬ̣ǵ˵ͷ

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еͷʺ帮ӣΤ˼ǫǱƴ˽ʵǳģ±̫죬̫ͻȻˣĲֻҪв̻֮һʰڽìͷֱָȻ淢ͻȻǼΪġһֻҲֻڼҾнеʱվͬһ㡣
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üͷһ̫ξ˼ǣʺͼ
޼ۣҲ˵׼һǿԿ϶ģҰģеҪöࡣ


1443 ڼ
ǲͼһΣȷʵкܶطֵôҳƵ
پĿǰԣǽЩƽϢȥˡ
ң¤Ŷûȥ˵±ͲӦֵǵȥˣĻѾϲ˰ʱ帮ְȨһжչһΤ˼ǫȥ帮˭ɱˣǶӦðذ£δҵĶӾһЩ
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Ҳ˵״ε̨ӮһЩ󳼵֧֡
ʵҪ˵Ҳ˲æΪһδľһЩѶϣңǣԽԽ࣬ҪͻȻͷۣƶ֪ôճʵʱһʼξ¶İ帮ֱ˵ϴ͸帮ҲᷢЩ£Ū󻹵ð帮ͷģȽ֮£ʺƺĸһЩҲһ㡣

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ٷһ㶣ѽӦҪǵġһ̧ͷѾ˳ȥ

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һĿɨȥòǶʮ꣬ǾӣȻĻֻ˵Ĺְʵ̫ϡվֱǰȥм䣬ЩԱ
һﲻЩ϶һЩ
ʲô֣ͻȻͣһԣʵ
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Τң
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յͷ˼ֽͣʲô֣
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֪֪ҸƼȥʱʵкܶǷԵġЩΪᣬûʲô飬Ҷǳ壬СʳûгԹʲô࣬ȥûͳҪ˵ն˶٣ּǷԵɣǡǡȥɡ
һڹԱĿźգҲ֪ǵȱ㡣
ҿɲںǣǣڸԼڷĹҿûôɵ
һЦᣬûо飬ҲҪо飬ΪԭΪٵľ飬Σǵûаǵĺȣҽᵽġǵĳô˵һǿǵĳҲҪᣬҲĽǵĳʥƣ콵˹Ҳǡܡ˵λ𣿡
ͷǾ䡰ʥơѾ˴𰸡
㶼˵ʥ˵ã˵˷׷׵ͷ
Ϊ⻰þյСʱҾãӦҲ֪˵׬ǮʲôζŮӣҪ˵ҵʱ²һһ𣿡
ۣ
ۣ
Ҷˣӻδȣ˵Ц
Цԡ
յûĸؤ֮󣬻һʱ²вؤʲôһٱõһһǴԴȣȥ磬䡮־ǣշʵЩ˵ģؤġ
ܹʳڶѾˣǲʲôڴˣȨʱȨһչԼʱ룬һٿ졣һӵˣһǿ죬ֻгԱˣǲŻиԶıȻǺߡȥȴڳһģ㻹Ըȥ֤ҵһˡ
˵߯Ҳˣ
ˡ
˵ֻһзǳؼһ㣬ǴСܹõĽǶʥ飬żǿԭԣ֪ʲôΪʲôΪŸƷŸ߹ѪҺŶҫĿ
ùְ
Ѿ͸ˡ
Ŵһ±ƣԭΪǽǣǣÿ˾ôѽģ콫Ǵˡ
˵ģǲ̫죬ǵ˽⣬һЩϣǽƾЩϣҾ֪һɹġЦҲǻۣ֪ǾԼһʧߵݻصѡǵԭ˵˵ö𣿡
ǳé®ͱúϾҪƵãûûҲ˼˵
Ҵײùһ㡣
ﲻҪǫ飬Ҫšտ첽̨ϣ˵һ뵱ĹԱһùԱôߣΪΨһĿǳ࣬˵Լû뷨ǲǫ飬αܡ˵䣬̨ϣתңǵĿʲô
࣡
˵ˣƺҲûжѡ
΢΢һЦȥĵһΨһǱ֤ǣǳɹĴ֤гʸˡ˵һ죬ô֪һô׵ģδһ£ǽѧϰǻὫһЩԤƵѽҪ˵þôˣȻ˴ȥԼķ䣬һӺＯϡ
֮󣬱뿪ˣǸ϶˼顢ġʵʱ򣬻ЩģͻȻȥԼôᣬܲУǾôһ˵ǶԼ̫㣬ȫû⡣
֣СŴǰ֣ЦѾ߲ˡ
ŴȴƵС磬ô˵ֻǽ
յʲôãһͭǰ˵ǮΪһʲôˣ
Ŵ㶡
յҾҪǽΪҪ۵ġ
֣кǺһЦͻȻŶ֪֪µĴѾִˣ˼գɵ
һû˵յɽŵפأǲҪȥһˣ
֣еԭȥģʴˣŴȥˡ
յһ뿪
֣ԹһЦ
յ޻¡
֣һ̧֪ˣԪҵķ֯ô࣬ѵһ֪ôҲԪҲ̸ˣҲͦõģ֮ƾĻ·ǲƥ
ʼܹô룬̫ˡ
Ŵ˹λУǶҡ
յɣǻĶҪҲȥˣǻզ죿
ŴЦǺǵΪǻɣҲѧϰó͢ٺ»ǰ
ۣҲ˵óڣյУ֮һɷӸ㡣
棿
ƭʲô
Ǯ
һᡣ
ŴգգۣԹĿźա
֣й飬òףⲻǱ̰ô
ŴһƻǮĵطǲٰ

ռæǿɱвңֻ˵Цģ֮ǰôãô˵ţŴɣʵûʸ񷴶ֻǸ֣£Ƕ֮ǰˣ㲻ͬǹٻҳɶȥ˼ҲЧµģⲻá
ŴҲ˵˵ѣʵȤ
ۣˣոϽظ
ŴЦҵ˵˵Ŵյӵܶʼˡ
պǺǵⲻǵְôðյãҲǰѽԼ׬Ǯ㲻ʲô£׬Ǯġ


1445 и
ʵջһԭûнΪЩԼ൱볤޼ɵó޼ɵûа취Ĺ¤ţΪܹڶʱڣõ֧֣ôԼµ˶ų޼ɣ˸Щ˽Ρ꣬¼ϵںնǷǳҪġ
һμѵʼѵӪͬʼҾΪ׼ģյģնνֻҪǽԭͿˣЩˣտɵסǣǴùϵʴδûиѵӪһȽǸһ飬ǺҲǴ˷ѵзǳҪһԭ
һԭ򣬾˲ƻΪؼһٺãöǰٴܷɹÿЩˡ
ԭƶкܶĲͬձøһµļѵɲὫеϣѹǵ츳档
գһֱһۣΪҶᣬܿˡ
ʷ̨
飬֮£
Τ˼ǫ帮ǰ΢΢ֵ
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Τ˼ǫֵֹϣǸм
˵
帮ЦҪûʲô£ĳ˾ȸˡ
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帮ϵΤ˼ǫЦһüͷ
׼תȥʱһˣԼĪʮ꣬лʸǣپʷΤ˼ǫġΤ˼ǫôˣʵǱô
ʸҡͷԪ껹ǽƻǵˮ©ةöһЩ룬˵ʱ֪ɱˣֻǸˣϽԼǣΪ˱帮Ķ飬ŴӦţҲֻ˵ԼԪûм帮
Τ˼ǫò̾˿̫ˡ
ʸϵΤ˼ǫջ϶ҲСԪ궼˵ôˮ©帮͸Ӳ˵һʵְǰҲûйģɴδ˵Ҫʲôȷʵ֤ݣ°帮йأô£Ԫһ֪ͨ帮帮ôܵʱ˯ҪǰĻƾ帮ԼһɼҽԽ帮ˡ
ˣǻʺҪóȷ֤ҲûдΤ˼ǫ
ʸǵǡô죿
Τ˼ǫۣմһЩ̲帮еÿһˣķˡ̣Ůһ©
ʸһڣǳҵĽѽة⡪ǲǹһ㣿帮ôһҪûв鵽֤ݡ
Τ˼ǫ鲻帮Ű裬һʷ̨ɨأΪٹٿеЦϣʷ̨ٹٵöûˣǻˣطǵ硣һЩˣĵȥ顣
ʸǵ׼أ
Τ˼ǫǾ͸ֵ֣ԽԽãû
˵ȻĿһƳһ˵ɡ
ʸһ㶣漴ƫͷһֻվȵתǴ£Եͷʾ⡣
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Τ˼ǫͣ𣿡
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л¹ٸˡ
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ڣʸСʵΤة㻹е
Τ˼ǫʵΪʲôҪ
ʸǵȻǱһ
һΤ˼ǫǺһЦ巽ûȰɽΣһҪûĻʷ̨ܻʧذ
ʸһ㶣ةΪζԲС
Τ˼ǫǺЦţûлش

԰
ڷ԰УյɢŹʣ۾ܹܱ߰ٻ
Ů˵񰲾̲֡ڼӽȶһôȥֻ²
Цĸѵа취
ϵҿûа취ֻ㵱帮ģǰʾа취ȳôֽӹ˴£ôȥĻﻢµġ
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ϵѵ뵽취أ
ҪʵҲûа취ǿҪҲҲֻܾ£赭дЦ帮ӣΪ˹ȫ֣ʧȥһʲôϵ
΢΢üǾȡȻ˵Ļ㵱ͲҪ帮ô˵
Ҳ˵Ļֻ帮ԼҲȥŻҸΪѵġ֮⣬Ŀǰ帮ǳҪʲôϵ
ϵ帮϶ΪƭĻԹġ
ҡɲҪǹй岻ϷŹҪҲǺ޹й壬һҪҡ
ѽǿԽ帮ĳתƵǱߡ˼ĵͷ
ͻȻʵĸףа취˰ȥ
һԴһ˿ȵĿ׹æŮº˵²ϾãֻҪ˰帮ͱиڼңңǱҲеģҲǴں󹬣ʱֵֻǱȥ˰սپ
δ¶ʧ֮ɫ
ոճӵȨĿУֻӵеȨֻ棬ⰸһ͵ûغȥˣûٻⰸϵԽãеȨͻڵԽáǣǣ̫ؼˣԽϣԽ޷ԤϣΪּµĿɾ޷Ԥϡ
ͻȻˣŮͻȻһ
һʲô£
ϵ㿴ܷǹǳеһΣܹס
ǣ
òĿһĿ˸
Թ˵ֻǺյˡҲֻһ˶ѣ帮ӣȥһԡ˵żûлӦƫͷһֻһ˼ı飬ǵŮŮ

һ漴ҡͷҪеĻҾôˣǲӦġĸף帮뺫ϣ帮£նѡ˻رܣû侮ʯڸӣĻ帮ôҲѼƤǻҪֵҪôɵĻƺ̾ͻᷭ󵹸꣬帮ɾΣˡ
˵һЦǵˣһҪΪ˺ˡ

һ峿ڵͷϣһȺˣǺ볤һɸ̣ҲԪڡ
ԭһֱլԺЩԱۣ۵ķǳģǱҹ̸ڽĹУЩԱܿ͸մһƬҲյĲ۷֪ղǿŰķλģҺûмӣһѹûУԣЦĵദķǳǢ޲նͷջֽҳ˶ȥĿΪһַǳĹʽҪǻۣ񵱹ٵһڹеõۡ
ǽպղòţΪ·ĻҪִﳤˡ
ף˹˱ԤеҪٺܶడ
Ǯһ£ֶ붼һЩգ뵱뿪ʱ򣬳ڵĹӵܿɶˣվࡣ
ļЦЩ˿û
΢Ц̽Ϣֱ˵ˣȫǡ
Ǯ󷽾ϲô
Ȼյǲ֪Щ±ǲ²ˣûиٺҲûˡ
Ǯ㶣æС磬Ҳ㡪˵
ǸղŲ˵ô
ļ׼æҡ˵˵˵ѡ
˵˵ɫһ壬˵˵𣿻⻧ͷˣǵģôµȥǲȥ׼ƫƫ¸Ȥҿǻòͷ˰ɡ
Ǯ󷽡ļ׵εĵͷ˵ˡ
պһֵ˵ǿǵΣ
ǮæСһڳڰɣ
㶣˻
ЦǺǵǰվѾʾһٹǮѰóԵˡ
Ǯ󷽵кʵģǵȻԿֻǲ֪Ҫλȡȥݿʸ񣿡
յʵÿ˶Լȥֻûг͢ŻݰˣҪõ͢øϻһóһ˵͢ļƻ飬͢ȥ׬ǮģȥǮġ
ļͻȻʵС磬ųٵȥݿȤ
ЦǱϢȻͨ
Ǯ̽ЩŴͿˣô
յ˼ҿЩֳֽˣǼôأֳʳѵԼԣÿȡԼҪĻֵֻһ׬յĶɣ׬ȻҲ٣һĵأɲһĻﰡ
˵ţһָ
ֻԶĵƽϳһҴӰ


1446 ǿĻ
ΪĻҪʱһҪ׼＾֮ǰصΪҪжޣװҪһЩʱյģȱ֮󣬾Ҫ¡
ӻ׼ʱִﳤͲ֪һǷǳ˳ʵҲ֮УҪ֪֮ǰ׼࣬˺;ضԪһ߳͢ڰţͷһȣûµġ
ˣ
ˣ
ŴӰԽԽ󣬴ҵҲͷǰң
Թϱһóһģǳ͢óףҵһؾȡôĳɹǸе
úһʹͷֻװվŲˣǼŰߵĻ֣ţм˶ͷһسţǰ֪һʲôճȥʱ򣬸еǳ˷ܣһȥǴ꣬ǶǷǳˣ˿ˣǳ˷ܡ
ϵˣҲڻ֣ԼԱ˺Ե÷ǳ
ֹһͣ˰ߡ


ֻһȺСӿǰȥǿɲʲô𱰣ֻ̫ǵĸˣһԵĸ˸Ͻܱߡ
װϵҲ쳣ææµôԼĶӣ˸żỨ
Ԫܵûȥ֣վһԣ΢Ц
ǮȴǳæԼкѯԼĻһңǴӽϴʲô
ҳһš
Ԫܣ
һεĹӸ糯Ԫֵ
Ԫޣ
ԪҲֵ
Ԫ˹еһ
Цˣ
Ԫ޵࣬һҲ࣡ٺ٣áɡ
ԪܵѾΪˡ
𣿡Ԫ޴ϲæֵϲϲ
㻹ǽҺСɣպǺЦ˵˵ϵɡ
Ԫ޼ֵǵûڽˣˮǶֱ󣬼ǮǳһԶԶߵʱЩȲĸǩԼвһˡ
˵ţһֱҴվŵľͶǽˡ
ƫͷһȴʵ÷Σ
Ԫ޺ٺЦкСڱָ㣬Ļ˵ô֮ߣܼЩʿҲСˣ֮ǰݹٸ¹滮гһƤݹٸʹ˲Ƶ밡÷ôԴȥˣĴûֻͣҪкӵĵطܹǼҵĴңҲǴ֮ʱ͸Щ̸˽궬ĺˡ
Цŵͷͷˡ
ڻǵûʣΪԪŹѾ˵ϾԪҵĻǲ٣Ҳðš
̸䣬ֻǧˣ¿Ѿͷǰʱʵ̫ˣպũ֮ʱû̫ũҪɣ˶ͷæ˷ѶѰգ治ѽ
һǳ˵ƶ⡣Ԫܲ񼣬߯ˡ
ϣԪӼ£ʱһ£һЩʱ˵ţոǰֵǸ
ЦǴæˣǻô
æϣСǿҵںǰСĸ˵æ
񼣬ĴɵüӽѽԪĻ϶Ҫȵһضһ࣬ﴬî㾢졣
ԪͻȻһԵЦ
ЦԪӷģһǳ˿ûе˵Ҳˡ˵ţԪܣԪͷɾȥҴ뿴ʵûҪǮܲ׬ô˵棬дһ˿
Ԫܺߵȥ߹ôҾ̫̰ˣ͵ϡ
һԩĸҰ
һҪʲô£񼣬ؼĻᶼûˡ
ӵ飬Żѽ
ŻôЦ㣬жϽ飬ϸһ㣬ʡһ㹦򣬾ͿҵΪ
һĨź֪ˣ֪ˡ
ԪܵȻ׼ʱִʱ仹ǱȽϽǹмſɵôߴЩˣʱǶԣǾǽǮ
Ԫܵͷ֪ˣ
ȵ˶Ӵ֮󣬾Ϳʼжˡ
ʵݶѾһֻɽŵĻҪǷɽǵĴ󲿷ִͣģһɶǹмŵĴӡ
Ȼʳ˿⵱˵ɫʳǹеǳҪģǸ٣̫ˣʳһЩӦϣ˵Ҳʳ
Ǵ˵е
źǹеʳ
˼һö࣬һʲôϵ

˿ǲѽ
⽭ϵ˿Ҳδôġ
֪ԴǾ֮֯󣬽ϵ˿ӵķǳѸ٣ǻ붼ǻȡ˿񡣡
Ǻǣˡ
˻
С粻˵ô˿ãҪмֵһЩ
ԶԶԣҲ㽫¸ˡ

ʲô
Ǽݲòͣǲ֪Ǳһζ
𣿡
ͣ
С磡
С磡
Ǯ󷽡򼾴¥Ķ򶫣ԼһЩΧһСѯʱԪܡԪ޵ͻȻ˹
С磬㿴
Ǯ󷽼æ͵ݵǰ
սӹ˿ͷţԵͷ
Ԫ޵С֪мݲͣҲǲԼݣȥʱҲպ˵ݣҼ˲ٻ
𣿡
ֻһЦҨһЩţ˿
ԪܡԪ޶˿һۣǹô˵ʵϾúġ
һձȥЦŵͷûж˵ʲô
Ǯ˺պһͻȻһһȥСʵûС
Сٹᡣ
ٹ᣿
Ǯ󷽾һֻͷۺգδע⵽ŵ˵Ƿôࡣ
˵ǶԸѽԪɶǾ͸һ㡣
ûôడǮҧгݵҪȥÿġ
ȴ֪СúտˣһĨЦ⡣
ͷǴʵʲô
ʲô
תͷһֻһ͹һ֪ʳȻĻЩ͹Ǵʿ
Ԫ޵С磬Ǿ޻
վֱ˹һԵԪ޼æ͹ϵĿ¡
Ǵæ£Ԫǰ⿪
ܱЩ˶δ޻ɼôȤҲΧ˹
һװ׶ͷһʵǾ򵥴޻
ְһС޻˴ꡣ
Ǯ󷽴ǰС磬޻ʲôã
Ц˵ʲô
˿Ǯһ
յͷָ߾һ޻λǵ˶ӽϴһЩʲôԸıյƷȽ֮£׬ǮֻΣǲ׬ǮðյøӸԣǵĹұøǿ̵Ȥ
Щ˹úܣ˵ı͸ıѽɶⶼ֪
˵úã
һͻأĽкתĿһֻ͹߾֣Ц
͹ʱһȡ
ǰȥʵʲô֣
غСĻСаţ
ţ
Ц֪֪ҿ׬õһǮҲͷϡ
ţ㶵ô
һݿһ׬һӣȻ֮ǰƭѩһǮֻƭֵúøɣһᷢƵġ
ţϲ񣬼ļֱԱ
ֻЦЦǰȥ
ǮǴŰţ⾿ʲô֮ɴ˰ΣҲûпʲôŵͻȻֽ˸ץһȥСʵ޻ûУ
ûУ
Ĳ򣬲ôҪҰɣ
ԩˣ޻Ԫңû
Ԫҵģ
ţ
ǮüСǲöûǵķݡ
˺զ֪޻Ǻö
С綼˵ˣܲǺö𡣡

øкر֮ԪСʵ
յ飡м飡
͡
ԪƵм˶ȥøզ˵һᷢأ
յΪҪƣ˵ܲô
⵹ҲǣԪ޵ͷҪƣ˭ܹסͻȻһɹøΪʲôҪأ
Цһ΢͹ӿĸ̣˵ʲô
˵ʲô
ɵѽ˵ֵ̿˵ԼԴǿ޷ıĳҲ˵ϱҵҪӹƽһЩһͽͶ뵽ҵ˵ţһҵĻ̽Ҫ漣ҵǿĻ


1447 Եĳ
С磬ǴӽϴʽҶ
Ԫ޴һһĹ˹
ˣ
ռæӴӹóһЩҶڱǼţҵǷݿ׼ã
Ԫ޵Сģ׼ˡ
УЩһȥ˳
ǮվһߣͷţǿɶûмҶһĲҶնҪȥ͸ˣ֪ⶫǺö
С磬Ҷզûм
ǲģ
պǺһЦԪ޵ȥɡ
Ԫ޵λԪһµļĲҶͣǳ㣬ֻҪˮһ̱С
ô
ЩһѷΧ˹ȥǮЦǺǵԪӣ㿴վͿڿˣҪݵǳ
ǴЦǮ˵öԣݵôҳɡᣬܴ
ȻնˣԪ޵Ȼˮݲ衣
Ԫ뺫źӱ߼ȥ
ϧԪͻȻпһ
յ˵󽫴ӹķͷˡ
Ԫܵͷԭ𳤰䶯ģ񡭡
ûµģǽܻᷢġЦЦֵһЩ¥¥һЩݣźˣܿ죬ҾͶԪҹҶˡ
ԪһøһԪұô
յȵûһˣȥԪұһʱҲ벻

Ŵض飬ҲԤʾҵѾʼתȻͼô˿϶ǿϱóסںյļƻУһӹΪ棬ҿƼȫĵطˣҵѾչϡĸԭϡǰóУһתվҽеĶԭ϶һӹԱתվҪ߳ܶࡣ
ȻͬʱҲԤʾ˲Ϣʱ䣬ǽһֱæµȥںĽǮ籩вתֱȥ
ͷϻڼæµ͹Ҫһ͵ֿȥֿڹмŵµģ⣬ǻýһĲƷҲ͵ֿȥ׼ڶ¡˼ŸԼΪмάֻ޲ó׵Ľһ󣬹мŵĶȻ͸Ӷ࣬ǵȻ׬ˣмںһƺ
Щ洬ӵĴж֮󣬾ͱʵʵȥϢΪǴ󲿷ֵĳͶֱӸǵӣֻǸһСǮãǱ⴬Ǯ棬¼ͥȻӰ쵽ĹѵһʵҲͦ׵ģ涨Լдġ
ΪǰʶĴ򣬶д


ˣҶΣ
⡪²豭һ˵裬ֻζƽȴܹƽҴиζ̲סȥڶڡãǺð˵ţԹƷһڣ΢΢ۣԽԽϲ
ΪǰκһЩϣζȻȽŨƵĲ裬úգζȽ嵭ȫǲζŷ񵭣ȻܿϲԭԭζĲҶ
ֿ¡
ҲһתŲ豭ƢݼϱǰƷò裬ȷһζҲϲ˵棬չһЦ
ϲͺãյһشӽŪ˲٣ˣȥ͸ǣһЩѣñ˵ʴʦ̫ʷǡ
ǲǺܹ󣿡
ҿɲһС壬Ҫ͵Ļǲٰ
ͻȻһЦ
üЦô
µ˽ôҶ˿ɶδгǰǺȵĲЩͬҪһüǮֻǲסϿ⣬ҵҲǸŴ壬Ҷ͸ǣϲĻȻٹʿ嶼ŹҶܹһüǮ
վȵ£ʲôʱ򶮵Щģô֪
һߣЩСо͸ˡ
ƵоʲôѵҲȴǧҪ
ҲŲµֻǲٱƭ
ţ
һ㵵Ŀźա
Σ˵Ҳϣæ˸˵Цģ˵Цġ
ҿӼȽκգ£㶼ĸˣôô
¶پԩ㶼Եɣ˵Ů
ǣԸźգԸ㡣
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գʲôæˣҲǿֻǡ֪ϲЦҲҿЦ
һŵĿźգ˵ڵߵڰװ
ûĿһۣ룬Ѳ˵Լǿƭҵģй⣿ǵģ
Ҳˣڰ֣ЦȻĻϷʹллˡ
æӦõģӦõġ
һѾ˽үүѾ׼ˡ

ǳûгԹƵãʵƷǼݳĲͣɹغع;ݱһƶأعܹͽŪøԣǽس͢ɼġ
һⷹ˾
µĶùֱãһƷ
˵úãͶ಻ˣɼ͵Ҫԡ
һ㳢ͬ׷׵ͷޡ
˿ĨĨ죬ʵܹݴȥٵĲƸ
յδ꣬ӦÿʮҰɡ
ࡪ٣
ɵˣеĿӶ棬һ·ȥһݵĲʮһʲô
յҲĵļݵĲǴƵ棬ǱȽƶģΪ˿ڲǺֱܶ࣬ȽϷɢȻҲ࣬ҪũɣۣȻѷչһ̳Ϳڽϻȡʳʮʲô⡣
ĵúúã⡪Ҷ֪˵ʲôǺˡ
յˣҪ˵Ļɾͼˡ
ԶԶԣЦ춼ϲ£ˡ
ͻȻúã˼Ҳѽ
оҵ·յһ˿ϡٵݣɢչ˱ٸҵǸ͵һݵʵǱܵģоҲҪһЩʱգҲݵĲͺãֻҪݵĲʹ֮ǲȥģϾȫгôٶҲܹĵġ
ùõգ£ǵˮ©
ǫùùˣȻС˸һЩжǼҡ
кλŮǰ
ùÿʼ˼ԼĶȥյİţǾǰ;
Թ緹֮󣬺Ŷ˯һȻ̸ȥԪңϵ£ԪΪء
Ԫұ
󲮣Ӧó˴ӽϴĲҶɡ
ҺϲĽ
ԪЦͷȻسԣƷζǳߣһ֪һǰҪ䣬ݣȽʺ񳤰ֿֵ˶֣ò˶ãϾͻָĲ̣ʱܻǳҡ
պǺǵһȫõġ
Ԫæ˻
յΪҶǶڵެֲ˵ģǴƾѾһ޴гټ϶ڣٶҲܹݵ£δʮڣҶһǸ߸ͽֵ󡣡
ԪһĨϲɫȻģҾͲˡ˶٣ͻȻʵпС
£漴ЦǰյǼһ㵽ȥˡ
Сӣˡ
Ԫ͵һӣ
ﲻ֪Ԫ̽ǺǺǵ붯ŭСδʲôִֻѣ帮ҪҲǱ񰲾֣СһȥġȻЩǴҪģ帮ҪСĻǿ϶Ӳġ
ԪҾ鷳
պǺǵʲô鷳󲮣Ǿɷľˡ
ԪֻЩգɱǡ
յҺôҲ飬ѵ帮ͲҲٺ»ôҲС÷ǳԣڵĻҲô
ԪּôɣҲ
ͻȻ󲮣ôûпĵ
Ԫĵһȥ֯ˡ
һȥأ΢΢üͷ
ԪͷֵҲȥ޻滨ľԶԶڲҶ
Ҷһֱ֣ḻյƲ輼ֲ֮ϣ޻־ͻ꣬ʽģֲͶʶɱҪ֪޻÷֯
΢һҲȥˣҽڼ
ԪԪһۣ⻰ǺΪǶΪŮʲôʱ㣬Ҳȥ㣬ԪôΧţˣɩɩģһģ޻ҪģΪ޻ķ֯ںգЩ豸ΪӦȥûȥҲ˵ʲô
ջ˵綼ںߡ
ʱ֣ԪĵȵĻصڣһںԣҡںŮ˯һ㶣㡪
꣡
һơ
һȵ˯֮󣬺ղŸһƣݡ
ԪĵСôأ
̾˿ʲô취һæҵܲŮŰɣòֻжչŮǷ޵úֹ
ԪĵɫһȻбĿƳգü͸֮ɫðΣƫȥҲȥ֯ˡ
һĨЦ⣬СҶ


1448 ǽܻᷢ
޸һѧѧɷԪĵƣԭֹ⻰û˵ڣúһŪ̥ˡ
ȥ֯ñȥҪǺڼҴţǾͻˣտǻ飬ƹ²ԪҵҲǺյ;ǸһеģôúڼҴӣⲻǱĩô
˹֣ЦˣǮ׬ģʧȥˣ׬ģЩʧȥˣɾҲزˡҴӦ㣬ǵŮĸѧϰԾľǵŮΪһӳɫˡȵǵŮ˳֮ͿԴһǶôȤ
ԪĵĿһģ
ЦŵͷΪҾŮʵ̫ˣҳУ԰Ρ
ԪĵߺҲŲһס˵ţȥ
ʲôȥ
ϴ衣
ϴ裿Ȼһ𰡣
ԪĵվſڣͻȻعͷ¶һ˵΢Цô죿˭˵ŮŵģŶǾʹһ˯ɡ
գգۣͻȻһԸĸо
Ԫĵ򴽣ȥ
һ˯⡪ôͻȻסʹ
Ԫĵ˵ĴŮһ˯ԭʹĺգǸŮһʱжʱûаŮŮЦĲˣⱾƽԣȴ˵


ںյԤУʱ˿̣ǶӦϱó״Ļ֡ϲãԼϣ
ϧͷ帮ƲͷģǽԼĶɳɱ硣񳤰ڵˣڷŭͬ顢ʹС
ʵҲ帮˲ȱ£еĹ嶼ԹѾãһ¿ǳױ
¥
дѾȥôˣô񰲾ֻûе꣬ʱضĿɱˣѵмô
ߣʲôһ帮Ѿؼҹˣûô巽ֱߣȴƴְˡ
ֻһС٣ҿɲǺǵģҪر»帮һϰݣ
Ǻǣ
Цô
ҿرհ帮ˣȻĻὫʺ
ⷴӲ帮Ǽַģʺ֧ܲ帮ô
˭˵ˡǻ̫ξǻڳеʱʱô˵ҲЩ֮¡
ӸһڣǴ͢С洦ɼΪ˰һ첻ᣬؿŵһʯͷʼ䲻µ
ĵõ֮ʱſͻȻ
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λӣСġ
ɣ
ֻһƶŲˮ˽λӣСµĲҶλСˣƹصСһλ
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⼸λӸƺҲ˵Щڿˣ̽ǻƸϡ
ˮһ΢΢һֻˮδʵʲô裿
ŶԪҴӽģ˵һ־رƵĲ衣㡢úȣر𷽱㣬ȽһЩҶ뱭Уˮһɡ
ҺҲ˵µĴѾص˳཭ز
ǳСܾλһ
룡
軹ǲ
ѽζŨƷл֮Уô
СҲ֪ǷϿ͹ٵĿζʴֻԪһ㣬ƹ˵ˣǴҶϲĻԪȥһЩдλ
䣬洫һɧ
ۣ㰡
֣һǰԣզζһ

ʱζ˰棬һӸյ㣬ͬ
ŶģõͣСմӽļݲ͡
ݲͣ
ǧһ˵ȫݲͣ˭ҪҲ˵ȫ»²档
ǵģǼƳһͣƹѾˣζǳ
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ҲһöǮŭһۣ˽ȥ
ǹµί

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Ǯһ㵵Ŀǹµĵ˽Щݲõôôأ
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Ǯ㶣С۵㡪˵ʲô˵һ顣
ˡǹºѽ˵
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Ǯ󷽾ǹµ죬öԷһˮ
ǹµҲɵˣѵҲô
ǲɵѽǮһ׼ʹʨӺʱͻȻһƳֵŭȻôӦǼ۰ôãûѧ᣿
ǹµĿɥ㲻ڣĸǼۣ˵Ҳûиһ¾ˡ
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Ǯ󷽻ͷһǷͻ䣬һЦϣԭӣҪһЩʲô
ݲ͡
򡪡ݲ͡Ǯûҧͷ
Ǯɱ˵ûУŶ˵ΪˣеҿˣҲţЩó
ǮöˣʵӣĻˡ
ʲôҶûˣôԴ˵ģд
˵գŭľ뿪ˡ
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Ǯ̧֣ԶȥӰǱʹ֣ҧгݵɣҪ£Ҫ£Ҫݲ͡

ǽܻᷢˣϵĻϢһ䶯ǲҶͼݲͣûа취ĳԻ̫ˣӱʳƷ̵õҵ׷ΪʱУֻˣӸ籼ڽֵϣֻΪѰһ̳ݲ͡
ҶĻԪҲ۵ģݺյҪԪұŪҲ㣬Ҳ㣬ûа취˽׼ɳԼҲˣ¥ɾ棬һǷ¥һҾߵģĶ鼮Ƿڻƽ
ʵ۶Ԫּˣ׬󣬸ͿۣǶСˣɾʹˡ
²ǹԪ¢ϣݲ͵Ļľǵһ¥Ԫңö٣Ϊ²ƷǲǶֻһµģǲ̫࣬ŵˣǼ۹ûС
Ԫ׼ģһֱûΪԪȷʵʽȽѣ׼ݺŪһʣҲһ»شҶ๺ˣҼݵͲҲ࣬ٸ㡣
Ψ⣬Ųټݲ͸ҶˣӱȽûмȥͣȵգǶû˽ֻ͵̫٣ЩģֱӸ˵һͷ͵־硣

¡
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̳ӾƽٵԺڡ
ƽԴϲֱӴн̳ӾƸȥȲĽҿӣţϲζζ
кȻϲƣú̳̳ǲһ㡣
꾣ӯʳˣζͲˡƽٻС
һٸζʲôϵҡͷǺס
ƽ̧ͷ۴УٺõþƣȶˣҲûʲôˡΪʲôӻӻƣΪƵζرãΪûкȹˣдΣһ£һҴ̳ˡ
лǲ̫ףҲûжʣһֱ̫˽øס
þƣþƣ
ƽڣһ߽кãһСһ̳ӾƱ븹УȻ֣лһԣͻȻһĨ֮ɫʵӦúæô
һܿ׹帮ô£ʷ̨϶ܶԱεһЦݼ١
ݼ٣
š
˵ɣ⾿ô£ƽٷ¾̳ܹ¾̳ģҲŮˡ
гĬ㽫Τ˼ǫżһ¸˴ƽ٣ֵʵǹΤةֻǡֻǺҲΪ̫ܲʺʷ
ƽȴǹһЦ㵱Ȼܼǹڰ㰡
ң
һĿŴƽ١
ƽЦʷǵˣʷةҲĪ


1449 ӹ֮
ĸΨڴƽǰͷԣΤ˼ǫ˵ǰΨһĿܾΤ˼ǫҲ̫ʺϵʷߣôָʷةϹϵˣһͷˮ⻰Ӻ˵𰡣
ƽʵΤ˼ǫ֮Բ㣬ǲΪһ
еͷ
ƽٵΪ𣿡
гƬ̣ΪԼˣǺҲΪˡʵҲǳìܡ
ܺãƽЦŵͷƫ֮νУ֮νӹߣ֮ӹߣ֮޲Ƴӹ֮ΪΣΪ֮£ƽ⡣ΪǸϲ·Τ˼ǫ
е⡪Ǻġ˵˫Ŀһѵ˼ǣΤةôҪúȡ
ĻҲسˡڰ㣬ͬʱҲڰԼƽЦҡͷ
ҡͷǺס
ƽٵ֪Ϊʲô̫ʥκҶκٰܹá
΢΢üκͳҳֱҸָʧһΪҪ̫Ȼ֮¡
ˣӹֻܾ֮Ρ
ƽЦֻ֮κֱɣΪȽټʴӰ̣ȴκ󳼣ͬԣʵ̫ˣʴ㲢δע⡣ȣκֱɣҲ̫ʥջسı⣬˶ѡǶ󳼶ԣɾͲˣвֻѱ̫ʥκʵκٹ٣κקʵ۵ӣôֻдΪһԼȨ棬кβˡ˵ףһӹ֮ƽ֮
¿ҲһţΤ˼ǫƽϵģΪҪΤ˼ǫķֱɣԴŰٹ٣һƽΤ˼ǫֻ»Ūɳ׾Τ˼ǫһԼԭ㾡ȫ帮ⲻǱϣģݹʷ̨Ψûв룬ôƽΤ˼ǫĲѡΪȡӹ֮µ˼ıϡ
Τ˼ǫһӲͷһӣҵᣬҲԵѵˡֻԼԭ֪ô»᲻ģƽֻҲáҲ֪ôҲʧȥ˱ɣͬʱҲʧȥңҲһƽԼһ׷ԼĿ꣬ԼԭֲκڳУҲг޼һƽ⡣
ʴˣ
˵˶٣̾Ӹ뿪ˣΤ˼ǫΪʷ򣬶㽫̳λӣʷةΨˣ²ܰģҲӹ֮
˼ãͻȻ㵱ٵĻ
Ҳ̳Ӿơƽֺ̳һڡ
е˻
ƽЦ࣬ʷţ˭˲룬Ҳ⣬˵ǵʵΪ֮ٿɲôõģνȡ֮֮Ҫ٣Ҫλ˳Ҫණϧ̳ӾͶ޷Ǻǣô˹١
˵棬ǿЦֱҡͷ

ȶһڼͣʷ̨һػǻȥûûҹĴ帮еˡ檣նͨﵩûͣЪŪǼȮð帮Ҳ֮֮ûκηնԴ޲Դֳƿ졣ɼˣΤ˼ǫûҵ帮ֱӲ˰֤ݣҪȷʵ֤ݣʵ̫ˣ帮ֻҪû˸ұô򵥣˵ʵҪ帮ˣȻǽƣǹٳȻ˵Ѿĵòˣǿʼйزʩѹǿ᰸յҲЩ˲ٿš
񰲾Ϊ첿ţȻ׵塣
ô£֤ѾԽԪһ˵ȶΪʲô̲
̴ŭĽǰϡ
Τ۵ⲻʷ̨Ǳ߻ڵ˰Ƿ帮йϵô
ʷ̨Ҫ帮°̴ŭһ䣬ֵ֪֪˶ô˵ô˵񰲾帮Ǿ͸ӼèƵãҴƽʱ񰲾ְ¿ǱҪĶ࣬ӣȥЩˣûнҲô࣬ҪǵԪ˵УܹǶͿˣ帮ɲǵ¡
Ƶܾ˾ҲŹȥնѣҴ˰漰һӡݣǽᾭ⣬̸ϼ򵥡
ǼնѣⰸҲӣô˿ִ磬ѵܹ䶨ô̴ӻֵǲö˵Ѿ̽ռ֤ݽ̲ôУ̲µ£ǵѾˡ
ӸΤһۣʵǻ뽫帮ΪҶ֪帮϶ǲˣֻԪȽϽƻ˵һ˵ԼΪ˱Ǿ̫帮ˣÿζ帮ѣǷǳ˵£һֱͻƿڣˡ
ǳ̴Ҳûдղڣÿ󶦣ѹϣĴҲڸ̼ʩѹʬ񶼰ڴȶ£ѹֻҪܹˡ
Ͼܾ˾Ҫ᰸ǳҲûа취
Ҳʵ᰸ˣֻ̽˼ǵʺȫûκζȻ˵ĻΪҲٵˡ

ʷ̨
Τة񰲾Ǳ߸ոմϢѾ㽫ƽ̲ˡ
ʲô
Τ˼ǫȻﶼδƾʲô飿
ʸڨڨΤةϻ˾֮󣬳˱֮⣬񰲾ֲκθùܣңǵĹѾԽһ˵ȶ帮ֲǵ飬Ҫ᰸Ҳûа취ֹǡΤةҪ帮Ǻѵˡ
д
Τ˼ǫ
һ񰲾ֽ飬̲ϣΤ˼ǫҲţ˾ãΤ˼ǫǲڹ˽

ȺѾõ̲ڽӵ񰲾ֳϵĹʣ¬֯Աִ£ϻرһȻ¹ش󣬵һֱڳ洦һβİ˾֮ĳߣҲ̲ͷһؽӵ񰲾ֳϵɱ
¬ҲǷǳء
¬飬˰ǳԣɱ֮Ԫаӣ谭˾֮̲Ϳ֮¬
ԱҲƵƵͷ
˾֮һãǴҶжΣ񰲾ṩ֤ݾô˵ģ֤ȷ䣬̲ҪôϵĻ񰲾ֿ϶ʷ̨״ģоǴ£ЩԱ£ôϾôϡ
¬ǲҪ̫ˣϸǵĹʣ֤ʱȥֻ߹ǣɱ磡
Ͳ¬˵꣬͵Ҳû˵Ҫıɱ֮ǹɱҳɷԣУΪɱʱǾǹɱ
¬ˣҳڹɱ붷ɱʵֵòôһһ£Ϊ̫֤ݣ֤󲢷ɱģҪɹɱĻҪ㹦򣬾ܴ⡣
ɱеĽǣָԤı鼱ɱʱɱ˵
ɱŹܶɱˡ
ʵǺֵģкܶƵĵطǹɱ붷ɱһȷĶ涨ǡСɷΪ˱ǾкܴĶҪ¶ԷأʴΪɱܲ˵ġ
¬֪кܶ帮ˣһùһЩأ
ɱҪ̵ġɱĻǿ̼һȵģǧкܴ
¬ǿ϶Ҫɱ֮ɱ˳쾭壬ʴ飬ҪۣȥӦµʣ˾֮зø̲ľҲ٣Ǿɴģô¸ʵˣǾˡ


1450 
¬ȻǻǸɾ䣬Ҳȥʷ̨Ϊ񰲾ֳϵ֤֤ȷ䣬ûȥ̸֮󣬾ʽϡ
ïǳưоԼ帮ƨɵģ壬帮ֵܵ³ûа취ڳУɼ
Ǵ˰ȱһһһ̫һ̫ǿ϶ƫǿһǴȶһȣͷǳѰˡ
Ǻӵ̲֮󣬾ڡ¼Բߡ
ɱ
󲻽΢΢ü̲ûд飬Ҫذ
¼Ҳǳüչ帮СˣΪԪ궼ȥˣĿǰ帮ӦòܵǣһæĻֻ»Ǻİ
ʵܷа취ȱס
ï֤ȷ䣬Ҫʵ̫ˣǱǿ϶Ҫɱ˳ġ
ڸʩѹ뱻ڹѽ˵жɱпܻᱻǣȥġ
¼Ƭ̣ǻʺԳ棬ǻʺȷָʾǱ룬ǾӣںϺص£帮ˣûǽʺȥɡ
˼ĵͷ

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ү̲ǱߴϢ̲ѾʽϣҪӹɱ֮
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Ψһ˳⣬˾ǺգѾϵֽΪĸ֪Ұĺܴģóﾡݣһβǳд󳼣ǹ塢գɶվߵģ£Ͱ˸ɱˣҲŹĻ˭ҳš
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ͷĿһɨ˰ĹУҵǻһЩĵãʵв̣ʼǲٸˣҴƻʧһλſ˸еϧˣҿõɷֹܹķֻܸ蹫ƽɷ㲻õɷ֪λΪΣ
һȻģΪһ˹򰡡


1451 ˫
ʺǡ
¬վķɴĲǳͽ䣬塣
ȷǳͬһ仰˵൱ˮƽɷͷһˣҪĲֱĿУһã˼룬ʲôʮ̣ǶڱƳɲһףƳɷ˼룬ǾҪ˺壬ǶǷǳнڴۣܴˣǽѵǾͲܸɻˣҲƳ˿ϡйء
󳼱˴һۣҲͷ޳ɡ
ֵȻ˵ĻΪôзǶֻΣΪ͢سӦùĵαٳٷƵ飬һٹƽзҲͱûʲôˡ֪ǿһ㣿
¬һ˵ȶˣһĵų帮й°
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ңǲ֪ƢԣҲ˵
ΨǸ⣬ջѵģ֪϶Ŀģ룬Ǵʲôأζž˰ķ氵ʲôأ
ҲżյƷ˿ڲ裬ǵͦģһ
ѵͻȻĿһվʺҪž˰ķȾҪԴ˰׷Դ취Ρ
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ںߵҿûô˵ֻǻشʺˡ
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1452 
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վֵ쾫¡
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ңһ˵һأôڶؾͷǳˣأҾͶϰΪ
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зƽҲģҪǲϰݣǾˣз֮ҾͽʬӴȶ˻ؼ


κ˸
Ҽĸڼ͡
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帮ԺֱӴ븮ڣʱʧɫʡʺ󡣡


1453 ݴ
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1454 еͽ
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κƣ˼˵ά˵棬ǻʺҲάŮ˵棬˵кеͽԹһһͣмܵסҲôɫûںãǿƵŮԿš⣬׳־ģӰ֤Լ
Ȩһ֮󣬾ö浹𺦲󣬹ô࣬ʲôϵҪ˼󳼵棬޲ô͢ԶԣǱȽȶ޲ΪŮˣĲݣҴƣܹд󳼵ķ޾ʹӦ㡣
ǴԸȥ󳼣󳼶Ӧû⣬𺦵Ǵ󳼵棬Ϊټǹеģǧټˣƽ̯Ҳûж٣Ȼټһ㶼ǱƷϵĴԼѫ֮¢ϣɹ˽еģʵ۾һ˵ģǱ߻ôҲǸӴѣһЩͼһЩ
ü΢壬Ҳ̫ˣҶһڣôйԱ棬ʵۻ֧֣ǲܵġ
֪һھʹӦ΢һʹ


1455 ֱһ
һӦãѳڣҲղˣȻ˵ĻҲûνˣټ˸ϵˣҲܹܣҹ˵Ļ϶ȥǿԲġ
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帮¶֮ɫһʱ׼е棬˻棿
ղͷ飬ҷƭôٽʺ壿һòͷˡ飬ԴףЩ󳼾ȱҲԼټǾһԭα¶ףʵǸӶһ֮ѣûʸ˵ӡ
ޣһ֮ѡ帮
ǸǸǺǡջأչһЦֵ⻰ѾˣԼ룬¶ûһγһģԼŰ졣ȸˡ


1456 Ů֮
帮ǻص֮⣬ںУ帮ͲĵˣΪ帮ԼĵˣԼһ裬棬ǺվԸ帮ҲˣֻҪ˺ļˣһж˵Ͼ߲Ҫġ
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1457 
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պǺһЦ졣


1458 ˬͶ
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ⶼ޹ҼƶǳʱУеԴȪͶס׾ЩʫǲȥҪŹټˣЬӿɲŮһҪģ˹ټˣһƷģڿ佱ǵͬʱҲҪǺܶŮΪ˼Ĺס
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Ƕںնԣټƶˣ֪Ǹʲô⣬Ա붼檣Ҫټźľ˵ͨˣ޳ܹǺ֮󣬷ֶڹټ˵֧ڳɱӣһΪǵĻѷԽԽټλ΢ǺóԺúȵĹţñȴҹ㶼ҪãһټˣûǮ㹻üʼҾˣĹʫдٶиãǳ׵׵ʵɣʫǿԣʫǰҪŮţ㻹Ǳʫĺã̫ˡ
ֻ˵һֱûɿڣպ̨϶һҪȻܰ׸ɣ˹ټƶȡ
С֮ĶȾ֮ǱҳԲģҲ롣

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ڵȥɻʺֺ֧յģһʵ۶İˣ֧֣ȥҲûʲôãǵҿ˵ɡ



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1459 λؾ֮·
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ǣܶ෽棬Ҳһһ˵յĻҲɵΪټˣȥôˡϣܹõҵ֧֡
࣬ĺǴͬ
ҵȽǣǺǵֶҪ棬ǵȻ֧ģҲֻǵ㣬֪Ҫټˣǳˡ
˭úΨһһ࣬ǵȻԺյΪס
յͷЦл֧֣Ѿϵˣ֮ԸôΪ׼
۷Щƣ̫䰡
Цֳ̫䣬ʵڹܴ¡ңҲˣҲĸףһ޺ӣؼˡ
˵ˣҲٶ˵ʲôҪѾˣֺֻ֧գҪںĵĻֻѩϼ˪ûжڵѡ
ʵôŸֻһڵһӰˣؼټһ£ܿʹˣ̾ǵضɽҡΪغȫԱ棬һҲһɣ漰ÿԱ档ֻҪʿۼĵطܹǶԺյ
ЩԱǾۼһ׼ϷԺգŮ˷棬ôܹˡ
ȻҲһЩ󳼣ǱȽϴΪ¬ʦԡ帮ʦһҪȫֺ֧գղһսҪǣǵһķǳߣڵ£ָҪǳ͢׷ԴֹƵİּţǺε
ͱͽǶ㲻
Ϊյõ˵֧֣һҪѣһ˾͵͵֪ͨ񲿡̫µĹԱԼϲĹټˡ
ȨģûʲôǲԲģͿ˭ƻ
̫רŹټ˵ĹԱǡܳƽʱû˭ǣָʹȴǣҲѰ죬ҪټˣɵҪµĹټˣͲֹˣզ
֮ǰɹͨ
ƽҲΪ˵ģļĸ׷ܵȥϢƲ̫Ծѽ͢ƺҪƽǣϱЩԱԣǵķ룬ǲ˺ʵд󳼡ӰӣټˣӰ쵽档
ʷ̨
¹ټة
Τ˼ǫһ
Τ˼ǫüʵļٻδꣿ
һ㶣¹׼ջ
ҪȵˣͽհɣΤ˼ǫһҪ񽻸㡣
üͷ֪Ǻ񣿡
СӹȻΤ˼ǫһɫ죬֪Ѿһ߰ˣӦҲ˵͢ټһ°ɣ
ежš
Τ˼ǫѾ½˻ȫȨʷ̨ЭȥЭ顣
ĸĴпɲȥЭգƬ̣ة¹ٲҲӣ¹֪ΪʲôةҪ¹ǰȥ
Τ˼ǫȥֻһԭ򣬾ʷ̨㲻ϲټˡ
򵥵ɣķڷ
Τ˼ǫϴʷ̨ܶʷЩԱһ֮ѣһ⣬ȥǿ϶ٹ໤ţǻ粻ȥΨвһڣֻǰȥ
йһ¹


Ժ
С磬⻹һ˰
ͻȻˣЦվԵĻ
һ˰ɣպǺһЦλûɨ㽫ҽǸϳţڿ˿
һЦûйŮϣһԴ²Ȥ
ԵطˣԳһЦ
ȴ˺Ҫȥһᱻɨϳģһεĸı䣬ϱնʲôɶȴҪԶԶǰЩŮ˵
໥Ȥһһͬڡ
С磬ðһ䣬úõģΪҪôʵ˸еѽⰡ
յڵѾ˵ˣΪ͢һͭ嶼޲ãԱȴʡǮ֣ңô룿
Ҳ̫һɡ
յŮ˾ܹҸϳãҲѾûоˡ
֮ЦŵͷСˣӦҲΪ˴°ɡ
һڻкܶҪҪҼ֡
¶Ϊ֮ɫ
ԺдԱղϣǰæôڳŲٺѣǵ˵£νǲϽȥΪʧȥѵġ
˶һۣЦλ뵣ǣҵòǡ
ǣ
ͬ
յͷҵЩƷԺʿ
ǣ
ͬ
⡪ⲻװɣʵ㲻ʽԱԴԺһֱæ޶̲ģٳô£һŲ֪ء˵Ҫ־˵ҪЩǡָĿ˵˸֮£ֻǲδ
ЦҵҶλǶλԸ𣿡
˻ȻҹԱ˭ԸȥѽŴûһԸȥЩƷԺʿɶҲúƣʹʺϲˡ
ֵйԱټ˶ϵΨЩƷԺʿ֪ǸΪ˺ǵ档
ò˵ʺϵѡˡ
ֵˣⲻϹذɣ
ЦǺǵûȥټ˴򽻵ѵϺôʵ£ӦЩСȥ׷;ҲûѵͣҪһ㣬ôλ뵱ҿҲ˲ѵнյĵλ
ôһ˵˾Ȼˡ
λԴλģвض֮أȻֻΪʵպȣҷ˭Ӯλ
ֵ²ô򵥣ҪҼܸɵȥ֪λкƼ
ʽܡ
ͬ
Цˣ
ʵʹõġ
󣬺ձ˽ʽܸˡ
һ󣬺տżɽ˵͢ټһ£
ʽһ㶣漴¹ʲŸոմͬе֪һ
һԣյϣܹȥҴ¡
ʽһ±ƣô£һδ̤ٳСȥɣԼǲǳأ
յ㲻Ը𣿡
ʽһ¹ٶһ䣬Ϊ¹٣
Цڻûʸ⡣ֻҪشңûܹô¡
һСôʲôԵҲܹʵͻشҲ¡
ʽüͷһ壬ѣҪ£Ͳһˣ˵һ񣬾ֵضɽҡûеſ£ʾѾͦˣͻȻһЩΪҲһѽһʹԱǣ£һݾ飬ǿģҽܻЩµģһᣬ¹
ܺã
ֵѡְ㡣


1460 
ԺʱѾǰʱ֣Ǻûлȥ˱
գˣ
գԵ쳣
պǺЦΪܡ
ܣֱ۵ҿ޸ܰǲ֪ļĸҴ̽ϢŪһδߡ
̸֪ɣ
ڣַǳգ㲻İ㣬ɲҪǣǱҲƽôʲôô
ЦΪʲôôҲ㣬Ϊ㲻ҪĻҲġ
΢ֵ⡪ҵҲ֪ܵøȥӦĸǰɡ
ԸǾܱ֪ģҲģľǶء
ҽΪ˴¡΢΢һЦֵ͢ȷҪƽҲҪֲ̿Ϊⷴƽӷ١
㶣ҡͷҲǺס
һ㻹ףǰĹټ˶ʱ򣬹ԱûбҪƽϾѵ˭ϲ˹ټˣֻƽˡ
ǳ͢ҲҪƽﰡ
յ˷ҪǷֹñ˵ǿȸ˯ԼΪ潡
ü΢壬Ҳ˵͢Ҫֹ潼ġ
յô˵ҲԲô˵ְҵ衢裬һǮȻ͵£ɱˣͬҲǮ£Υģͬԣǿ˳ҲΥģǲµġ
ⲻǽֹ潼ô
ջһת¸ѵǣղôܶ˻ŮϵǶԸģñȸ½ʿĽͲΥΪԸģǿȸȥ£Υ͢ڸ˵Ķǳ衢衢٣ǳ塣
˼ͻǻвĿռ䡣ͻȻǡȻ˵Ļβȥ˵
տЦҵȻǼģֻЩ£Ҳ˵ΪǹԱҪȥ˵ԭ򣬹ʴЩĸ˵ʱ򣬿ɱҵЩֱӸǣҲ˵˵ģҪίĸǣҲҪ˵̫Լȥĥ
ҡ֪ˣһĨźһߵͷ˵ôôҲǹġ
ֵ⻹һ£ϣȥҴټ˵¡
գգۣû㡪˵ʲô
չ˵ϣȥҴټһ¡
⡪ôǴʧɫǶֻǸˣǿǹôܹȥⲻУƲеģֱǺ
յôͲܹˣֻΪҵӲ¶ѣΪһԱԼȥȣѵҲô
ɡΪʲôҪô
ЦһЩ飬ŮȥŮ˹ͨҪǿȥŮ˹ͨڳ͢ûŮˣֻΰæ
Ҳ̫ټ˵λ΢ôǾ͵ôҪͨ
յΪټ˵λ΢ʴҲǳСϣܹҿΪҪ˴ڲ˼빤ˣˣһ򶼸ɣȥġ
ɣɣЩʸ֪ھȥŵֱ֡
ʱͻȻСո磬֣ӺԪ
ǽ
ȥΣ¸ǣҴԸ̸̸
ͷȻĨź˳ȥ
ȥã֣кԪܱڣϴһ˿һ˿ɫ˭ҲսӴһ̫˺ˡ
λˣ
˹һȻ
ЦҽԼλǰһϲҪ߶λ
֣üټйذɣ
չ֣ӣһ¼С
Ԫһ£С磬ӦԪҵԭԪҿɲϡ
֣ҲҡͷҲϡ
յôѵ֣Ҳһڣ
ҿɲһڣҲ֣ҿҲв˷Դ£ҲҵѴ֣¶ɫ
Ԫһֻˣкιϵ
ʵúãյԼλ϶λ鷳ģк¸ǷҶˣĵһǶģһֱҲ׷˫Ӯ
𣿡
֣кɵ
⺫̫óˣɲźյĻ
Ҿ͸ֱ˵ɣɫï֪λŵĶǳѸ٣˲ŵ׷ҲԽԽߣոպã͢ټˣЩټ˵ĲŻӦҲ֪ģҿǴװױǣȥ¡
ùټ£
Ԫ֣ͬ
ȫû뵽ģ˶ΪֻҪټܹȡɣ͢ѾǴģ˭ȥЩټ˵ĺ·
ܿһۣʼĥԪСټ˵ĲŻȱģ⡪²װɣ
յôͲˣʵĸŮټ˵ҲѰŮӵֳĹԱǿջЦãڰ칫ддãͿԸԸ⡣
֣е⵹ǲУ볯йԱǣ⹤ֻ»Ƿ
ǷľˣѾʷ̨ԺţңһһЩɫƵģ֮ǵԽңȥǵ鷳
ֵ㲻̸Щ̣ϱóȡ൱ĳɹҲҪϱ֣ɵһҪʶֵģǿȥϣ˭ʶǣǲõһвŻĵ֣Ҳϴĸ棬ˣʵһá
֣Ԫһ֣ۡеҿԴӦ㣬һҪ󣬱ԸĲУǿǵģǿɲҪ
Ԫ֮ܲ⣬ǻøȼ棬ÿټ˶ʺȥ¡
û⣡յǲ˵Ҳôġ
ֺ֣ô฻̣Ϊֻң
ЦҵǳߣҸոո˵ʱǶеף˾͸Ӳ˵ˣҲǳⷽ˲ţֻҪ˴ͷǾ͸Ҳ
ԭʿ䣬˵ʲô¡֣û
պǺǵҲԿȵȵãһǲɴˡ
ԪЦЦ޳ɵģҵûؼҸһ¡
Цû⣬ǿɱ̫̰ˣ˶Ҫȥˡ
֣ЦЩ˵·Ѿˣһˡ
տЦҡҡͷҲûа취ҲģӦҲ֪³Ĺҵȱʶֵ˲ţټ˶ڹҵһǳĲ䣬ڳ͢ǰٺһ
𣿡֣Цʵ
յһǣɻܵʱ̣κ˶ûʸ񡣡
֣˵òڵõʵ۵֮󣬳ٳδһֱ׼һġ


1461 Ӧ
˷͢Ҫټˣ˵Ī̫£˵Ǿ񲿣̫µĹԱԴǸеǳķŭͲټ˿ˮһţһټ˾ǣ䣬ĹϵǴ۸ӣҪնϵĻ˭á
̫µϴǺյˣ̫µĹԱΪ񿿲סǷ׷ȥڣϣֹܹ¡
֪ԵɣҲò棬ΪСĻ˭硣
̫¡
ϵܣ㻹һŮרԼա
Ŀ΢΢ƳһԵ񣬺ǺЦ
񲻱д˻ˣҵŮ٣Ҳͬ͢Ա⹫˽һǷֵ
ںǺǵϵܴ˽ĳ
ңҡ
΢΢׵
һԵĹԱ׷׶ͶӵĿ⡣
ȷʵùԼҵŮԼô룬˿϶Թԡӳȣ̫ƽЩ£ҲͲɣ̫ôΪ飬ѾҪȥչˣµһ̣ʳǣлؼ˼ˡ
ʱһС첽˽΢΢飬ˣˡ
ڹԱգΪ֮һ
üأ
鵹û˼˹
ˣ
С˲ʶֻ˵ԺľƷԺʿʽܣִ֮й񡣡
ʽܣ
ڵŵͦġ
ԱһλԱѵ飬ƿƿƾٵڶʿ
Ŷˡڵͷ
һԱ飬ոԤ̫µְҲͰˣȻԺľƷԺʿⲻ۸ôѵκһܹԤ̫µĹ񡣡
üͷһСӻһĿ˵գ
ͷƷ·ûƵá
ջĿǽɡ

Ƭֻ̣СһЩ˽
¹ٵʽܲμ飬̫䡣
ʽһ˵ڣڵ˹еһ
ںն̫£Ϊ˵ȺգϾ¿ɲСҪûаãǿɾͻӣΪһǰģֲ֪·Ȼ˼δɵСˣھԼˣԼһ飬ȻС̸У׼ʲô¡
һʼͲˣüʽܣɲǾƷԺʿĵطȥߺգôϹء

ʽգûκԥһ񣬡¹ٸˡ
΢΢һ㶣ΪʽҲ˵仰ȴ뵽ʽô룬ѵѾϵϷȦסˣĻΪβɵʽСǺաּæ£
ֽסʽܡ
ʽܻعֵ֪飬кηԸȴһԺ񰡣
ڵǰΪ£
ʽܵĻֻҵǰټ˵
ֻ𣿡
ǵġ
ԵͷյȻԵ㣿
ʽܵҵȸݻ֧㡣
һˬǻǿ֮κι벻ڻǰŪ٣Ǻѵģ˻˵ѣǮɲ˵ټ˶ҪѵģҪǮ˹ڸ˵ﶼϸļ¼Ȼ¼Ǽ٣ǾͲ˵鱨ˣǺܳ£ñ˵йƱֱԲĻͲټô򵥵ˣ̰ˡ
Ǻ׼Ļֵͦ𡣡Ц
ʽ΢΢ףû
һһԵϵܣͷˡ񿿱վУò棬Ϊ϶м٣ȥĻȻϾɱ
ˣ¹ٷ֮¡
ȴЦ
Ȼûг棬һеһоںյУҪڽ񽻸ĻͻⲻҪĦҪԱȥĻ϶ѵʽǣղٽ֦ļƻУֻԹټˣ鱨һˣջûдˡ
żԱŵʽ뿪̫£ȥרŹټ˵ס
ȵߺһԱڵ飬ǲȥô
һڣȥʲôãϷŲԸˡӦϣҲû̫İ취
Ȼǰźյģټ˵ס˽еĹټ˸гǧˣռҲɳ˻еʽ㣬˴ա
Ժʿһʮˡ
ʽܵͷԣɫ䣬ǵͳƣһʮˡ
ǶһЩ󳼸ϣǰѾȥǻֻǲ֪ΪΣǻδ
֪ˡʽֵ䣬ԸǣδĹټˣҪһεĳ¼ȥ
ͷ˽¼ʽܡ
ʽż¼ػȥˡ

飬ǵ㣬̫µĶǧٶʮټУһʮ˻ڴ󳼸ϡ
ôһ㡣
飬̫֪ٶټջص̫µġ
ĿͶˡ
ЦЦ룬ҵĹԵİǵĳ¼д
ʽܼæͳһϵϡ
սӹȻֵˣȥϢɣԻ㡣
¹
ȵʽ֮󣬺ֽҪĹԱ˳϶ԱſﻹСĺһͻȻһգ¶һĨЦŹɽ㵹ùˡ

ǵ
ʥϣ
գ±ΪˬСӾһЩ鷳£ѣȵġ˵˵˴ս
΢ղμ¡
񡣡
εǺæôôп
мдһ˿в֮⡣
ףڰʾԼ㶨Ҫġ£ȥһϷ
һ㶣Ϸ㻹˼޿Ϸ
յһϷټĪĹϵʵΪ˾ЩС֮£ټʲô£Ūûӡ
εȻܹ˵˾ǴӦ֧㣬Ȼĵ
Ǳﻹ𣿡յ΢ȥһϷϷ֮󣬱¾׳ΪʲôҪôˡ
ŶһʲôϷ
ȥ˱֪ˡջͻȻһתȥ֮ǰװһ¡˵ֻһƷ
˫ĿһŵĿźա
ֻǺٺЦš



ֻɽ֮ʱ򸮾ѾǸƽӵ߰ŮУ֣ʫʣǿޱ߰
ͻȻһ˽гա
ү˳мһĹԲ
Źɽ
Աһɽӵ֣ĪǺйڣСܿīǿɶûнټ˷ϣΪκղǣƫƫ㡣
༸ӽǹЦ
Źɽɫһŭ֮ɫԾȻֽϣҵҪһܽ
һ˵үūǾȸˡ
ţŹɽߵ
༸ӽһĨЦݣǹٳֻ빰˳ͷԼ֮


1462 ˵ʲôƨ
һֻʮá
ӴǺݹ٣ĳʧԶӭʧԶӭ
ŹɽʮӭǰҲֻƤЦⲻЦ
⣬ĳˡ΢΢̧֣ʮòŹɽĺ⣬ҿ˿ǸԸĳûдŵλ
е˳ĬԶԡ
ǴˣտЦһֵֹԴҸеǳıǸĳ˲ǲʶȤˣֻйȲѣλ¡
Źɽα飬ǲ֪кηԸأ
Ŷһģȥ̫ټˣټ˻δܰʱص̫£̫£̫ǰվѾȥͨĹټ˻̫£ֻһЩδأоټˣĪδӵ̫µͨ
ŹɽЦһ飬ͬΪ٣̧ͷͷôǻ˵ѽ
Աһʮ꣬ò㣬θݵӵ֣ϾᣬΪ˴Щ֮лú˵ұ˺
˵ʲôƨЦһΪû飬٣ǲ֪߳ܡ
㡪˵ʲôǸվ
˵㲻֪߳ܡһ֣ȸһȥҵȻٽôϹ١˵ŹɽҲ֪ǲʲôᣬûнӵϢⶼҪҲûд׷Щڽ˽̫¾Ϳˡ
գ̫
Źɽ͵һӣǼټôôô
յֻǷ¡
ñѹҡŹɽŭһ㲻һŸʲôүүɽʱүү»ڼˡ
Լ˶ʱЦ
ȴְҵ΢Ц㷽ԼҲ˵ˣǼ˶ѣҲֻǻȥæһӣǻ̫£ǣˣǿֱӽǵС£ôҵүү˵°ɡ
ŹɽһͲǻȥ
ЦҡҡͷҲǷˣΪ˼ˣ㾹ȻΥʥּ㻹ûˡ
ʲôֵǰ˵̡ŹɽòȻŭżΪºͣҪүү½ɽн磬Ҫټôأ˵²浽ȥűҲὫ⼸ټ˴͸ҵġ
Ϊ޵ĺóӣص˽⡣úһЦ
Źɽ͵һ˫ĿԲֻ߳һŹɽ۾·𲻸Լһγһģһ
΢μ¡
ֻһ£һ˹ڵء
漴һ죬ֻ⼸һæңעϵһƺһЩꡣ
΢μ¡
֪ŹɽҲϽڵأЩŻȥˣȻҲпװεġ
ǰľƿҿӣţǿϧôõľƣȻһضǡ

Źɽﻹзǰ㽾ģڵһ
񣡡ЦҪûżңܹϣǷżô࣬壬Ҫǹ㣬񲻳Ц֮ˡ
£֮ʱˡ
޶˵ûйǣô¸ʲôλӻֵ֣⼸ټôǼ̻¶ĹټˣͻȻһĨ֮ɫʹ͸ɣޱżҵĶ顣ǿɾˡ
԰գһתȥ
Źɽһ̯ʧһſڵϣһ
ȵγȥ֮󣬺ͻȻ򷽲ǸҪ˵ǰһ־ס˵½󣬵û飬һССУɣҲǰţˣҲ˭үү˭ǿ϶ˣϽȥﻹжǮɡ
˵ţվ֣ͳӲ˲֣Ȼֱ˦ϣǷõȻɾͲˡ
԰գת뿪ˡ
ǵ
һȺӹվ֪񣬳Ժ֣ҵΪ˼ŮˣȻТܣ˵ǷǵģҪ㣬޵Ľɽǻд
λصǵǴһʹس֮˼ҶͿѫˬһ㣬ҪĻʵۡ
յ£ΪֳӶŭ㡣ҳΪ䵽㾳أ͢ҲŲжΡ
бĿȥ˻
յ£Щѫ֮ıӣСԽʦʦ΢Ŭһ㣬ֻ⳯оû΢֮ˡǳ̫͢ǣẦǡܼ򵥣ʲôɣҲǳĺģʲôɣҲǳĺģǶ˶ѡߣǽǵĻѣЩ̿Ŭϣֻи֮ʿ΢ټ˵ԭ̫õܣʧǣ־ɥΣյǣ״ã͢𣬿һղ״ã͢ˣЩ˷ԹͺñȽϾѰ
˵öԣôһεͷɫΪθأ
յΪ⻹һϾǶѾܹˣͻȻҩֻĶȴӹټ˿ʼٳҵķΧȻĽٺ»תƵЩڰµĹԱϣҪԽԣŬΪףһµĹͣÿʱڶйôҲ𰡣ǿɱӺ
֮ǲôȥĻжһȺóӹ˭ҡγƬ̣ٹټ˻̫һ㣬ٵɡ
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Ƕķ̰
үүµĺͣҲֵټ˶ѡ
ֵֹ˭ΪˣԼ汲ó˵£ôξ
˵ŹɽүүŽ˵ǿѫֻȹѫ۹ͣͻûʿֻżǴգСգʴûżôǿûմҶٹ⣬ҪմҵĹ⣬ҧǸûȣǳ̴ֻգ㲻ǳȻﻢôΪϳ̼ҵĹȷʵ̸󹦳Ϊ˼ټ˽ҧˣẮ˹ǵģʵһЩ󳼶ûй黹ټˣҶ붼ǿѫ֮󣬵Щ̫ǿˣҲֻܿŹɽ
ڶټ˼ˡ
ڶգлδ黹Ĺټˣȫص̫¡
˵飬Ҳ˭ɵģЩˣҪҪʱ̣û˻ԸΪһټˣԼһǽټƳȥġԸΪ˹ټ˶Լ;ǺջᾴһˣȥΪǣ氮ҳȫǡ

̫µһյϣվǧŮӣݣŮٸӦоУСĲʮ꣬Ҳʮ塣
վǰζӳ°̾һѹϴôĵ


1463 ѡ
ΪֵǷз漰һЩѫ֮󣬹ʴЩټǶԺճ˾⣬̧ͷֱӣҪǺոûһڳҲǶһûһõģȻҲû˽⺫յƢԡ
˻麫գҲӦö֪Ϊʲôһվ˵Ϊ͢ټ˹ģ
ĿһټɨǴ˷ټˣûеôֲҲ洫ǰ㣬¶ǶԣǰһģΪǶԣֻǶһѡĻᡣԺʿᷢһݱǣ뿪£Լѡ񡣡
һڹټýһ㶣˵ôôѡ⾿ô£
ոյĴУ˻ͣԺſڣü˼
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Уϲ衢裬ϲֲ͢Ҳ㰲ƵĹñ˵ȥ¥¥ݻ磬һɹٸ棬֤ǵȨ棬Ҳ˵ǼȥƽﵱˣҲ֮ǩһݺԼ
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Щټ˶ɵˣΪʹǵе֪˴£Ϊ·ǳأҹ£һƬããģȫʴӣΪû׼̫һ㡣һȫô£·潵һ㣬ѡ񻹲˵ҳ͢ǰź·вʣǻǸ΢Ĺټ
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һĿɨȥﲻ֪ʲôʵЩҿֱʾҪ֮ϣһ㣬͢ΪģֻҪԼԸѡ񣬲Ҫȥģ֣صǱ֤κ˶ûȨԤѡȨ
˵ͻȻſǱһλʷ̨ʷʷרżලǷйԱԤǵѡΪȷһ㣬ҽʱǰǵˣǲǿ֮ȫϺԼԸѡҪ˵þôˡһЩϸôѾر¥ΣǿѯǴҸǽеϸڡ
˵꣬ͽȥ潻˵ʽܡǡ
ʽΪһճˣɲҺ˵̾ͷԸ˽ַȥ
û뵽ΤةԺſڣŴЦ
еΪʲôҵʽ
պǺǵûмôԿġ
̸Կ䣬ֻ˵áеӦһ䣬ֺʵѾ÷ǳˣҪʷ̨Լල
ҡҡͷɲô˵ұϾֻǻ飬ûְȨȥලЩ󳼵ΪҲÿضʵ۳棬ȥɱӺʷ̨ڣܹá
һΪá
̸ϣΪʷְ̨Ȩ
ʵȻѾּˣֱ͵ˣαŪô鷳
տЦΪһΪƺ󣬲˵ӳ̫¾ˣƺ⻹Ҫ˵İʴҵΪ߸ǿȥʲô£˵˵棬ԸģǾ
Եͷû飬ô·òˣƫƫЩټķôྫ岻Щټ˰ɡ
һЦôһܹµġͽˣһȥһ񰲾֣ȸˡ
뿪̸̫֮ȥ񰲾֡
˵գͲͣһôȶһŸոᣬָ鷳
ոո칫ң̴Թ
Цô᲻ð
̴ʲʲôãҳ̶ô
̾мӵĿͶ
ԹߵϵĲ輸ԣԼһ裬һڹȥֵ͢ôٺ»ǣɲзģ񰲾Ǻ£Ҫû֤񰲾Ƕġ
̴յҲǴ
ұܵ¿Ҫˡʼ
ͻȻܾ˾ﱧԹȥԶûҲԶˡ
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̴ûѾ֪ͨˣΪŻ㲻ڣҲ֪˵ʲô
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̴˼ġΤ۾ǳĬŮ˵ĵλǲ˺˵Ȩô
ͻȻ£ҵоһЩΪ糾֮£Ǻȫžģǽֹе¥Ӧ취Ů˶糾ɴӶŮ˵ı
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ӵʵŮӶ糾ž;һūȡݺҪžһ㣬Ⱦ͵ūƶȣǺѵģǿūѶȣñ˵ȡ߶˰գūͼôū澵Ȼͻࡣ
ԲĿ۳ӡ
ֵȡ٣Ϊ֮Ůṩ˹ʹȣҲҪȥ¥ɻһǸĸνŮ¥ѶžģĸŮ׼ҲֻŮǳ͢Ǯǣֻ͢ǮġˣΪӦøʵʵȥǾΪǮƶŮǾӦø账
ǱݺĩһκеˣרƭȡŮӵĸ飬ƸŮȢؼ檣ٸ߼¥ıȡֻһӣкܶ˶øȽŮתΪԼ̣ȻͨȡΪֱ˲ܡУҳɷ̱ˣάͨ飬ȴͬūһ㣬Ӧ޶ɷ̵Ȩ档
𾪵Ŀųӣ벻Ѿô๦ˡ
ӺǺǵǲټְ࣬Ȩ֮ڵ¡춼оЩɷֻҪɷܹҪ飬ɷǶ࿴롣ֻ˵ӵⷽ츳
ΤͻȻգ̽ڳк͹ײǷǳʢеģոټˣѾ˺˳д󳼵Ȩ棬ٽһǿ̵ı»ǿҵĵֿʱֻòʧΪǼþա
վΤ˵Ҳ޵кο
Τ۵ΪԿŮ˷Լֹ˺ˡΪ
յͷֿӡæΤ˵öԣ뵱Ȼˣ¸һ
̴ֵҿ¾ͽȥɡ
۳̴Ҫ˵ѽĪܾ˾
Τۡ˼ùЦ
̴Цʲô㲻Ҳ˵˾ţﾡãҾôûʲô
Ҳû˵ˣҵ˼ķǳãҿԾַġ֣ӵǴ¾ͷˡ
ӵͷȴ˸˷ܣǴϲ£о˼ʱ򣬾Ѿкܶ뷨ȻĻ⼸չôܹб׶ˣǰģֻǰҲֻ룬ܹʵԴ˷ǳ˷ܡ
ԱŮ˵ģҪǳ˵ΪĶŮܵȺİָƣð˵һһѵģǵһ˵ھΪóȷʵ֤ȻٱԼԴ˵ÿʵ˼˶Уʵ˵


1464 ǿϴ
ʱ֣ƽļĸ½½񰲾֣֮ɫѽΪһеģûһ׵ģ׶Ѿ̭ˡ
񰲾ֵĻʼҾ찲ȥʳš
ȵ֮󣬺ղ٣Żȥһ
񸾲μ顣
һɼĸսսһ
ȴЦģ⣬ɡ
Щĸ׽Ի˿Ƿǳš
վǰʵұڷ¥̸ģ±Ͼǳ͢ģڷ¥̸̫ʣϣٶûиǴȥѹ
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⻹ûУղЦ֪ҶæʵҲæ˾ͲǺˣǿżɽ̸Ҳ֪ΪʲôҪΪȶһӰǳ˳͢ƽƵ֡Ҳﶼ룬͢Ҫǿˡǲǣ
ҡǡûûô롣
Ϊʲôô
⡪⡪
ˣ˵ĺۣǻ˵ɡ
հڰ֣ǿ𣿵ȻǣǶҲǻᣬͿôȥѾˣҲ޷ıʲôʴӦõ÷ȥһǳƣǿƣǰٺһкõķ棿ʵˣ͢Ҫֹ¥ֻҪֹ¥һЩ
ƽΨһҪٵģҵķ¥˵¥ҵģͲҪ٣Ƿ¥ӲΥĹ¥ǵĴԺŷǳԵһӦĺܡǷ¥ȡ棬ҪԶԶǶ࣬˵ʲô
˵ĸһڵ
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յһֵۣǱôǳôֻ˵һ㣬¥ҪƤ⣬ͬҲܹ׬Ǯ潼һףѾʱӦø¥ѧϰԣЩϲ潼˵ˣһЩûʲôǮˣƷλԣͥˣϲвաʡԸŮˣòΣһӦ潼ܹǴǮ
¥תͳɹǶģ˼һػ磬׬Ǯܼĸµˣ˳һٷжȫƤ׬ǮģǶǲģӦṋֹ֪̃͢潼ˣʹǽвҵ
һĸǲ¥һס
յһǽģҲ֪ڷ¥ظһԺרݣ¥Ǻǵĸȥݣղǽǰ;ĳ·潼׬˶Ǯġ
ЩĸöʱһϲΪʲôתôɹΪ¥¥Ļ¥¥ûп
Ҳûа취ҵҪȫֹǲܵģڳ˵Σ֪ǶʲôˣҲȥǣΪ㽫ǶɱˣԺðˣҲ϶ʲô񣬻ǣƿء
ĸ飬⡪ֹ潼ˣҲҲͬҲûֹµĸ˺ܶ඼Ըġ⡪
ȻǸ̸ġ
յͷʮϵĸˣԸõȻԣʮµĸǲеģǱҪǣѹΪɾͲС
ֻһ΢ļĸĿˣǿǲ𰡣
Ƿģʩǿ˷ֻҪ񰲾ֱУĻҲܵͷ
˵ּҲǣЩĸ͢ƵģȣǱԺиˣ񰲾עᣬΪ͢ⶨԼ
һڼĸɵˣ͢ⶨԼ
յͷҲǸԼԼĹ涨оܾȨңǱ뱣ϸ˵彡⣬ȾǱȫȨȨΪԼֻԼпȽ۸Ժÿһˣ񰲾עᣬĻǽɷǳ߰ķ
ҲǷֹǱΪ潣ҿԷǳȷǣΪ潽ǳ͢صٵķǰ£͢׷ǽٷĻͲǷô򵥣Ҫҳ͢һ֣־רΪŮ˵ģҪŮ˲ٻ
һɼĸֲֿѽ
ǶڹˣΪƳⷽǳţܣǣͻȻôǣܲô
ǻ˵֮ǰԤƵҪõö࣬ٳ͢ȫûнضһЩᣬҺջӦת͡
ʵģûа취ı䷨ϵģټˣֻǸ賯ܿ͢ƽһڣʵĸĿģҪ¥ҵԴӰ쳯͢ӰԱȻĻټ˺ܹܿҸȼ
ϣռҪ潼Ǳ߿£ҪΪҪΪҪһЩͯ˵£ҲöĹ⻷Ĳ٣ٱȵҪ׬öˡʵҲƳ飬ƳѰòòΣǲպԸҲǸƳ˼뿪йأܶʵ̫ϲ˾Ĵҹ㡣˺ֱ߸߶·ߣӭһֿˣǰ;
ĵټ֮ƽ϶ǳãƽԣһᣬǰҪںƶ·ϡ
Щĸ󣬺յͲ࣬Ĺǽʽȥ¿ܣ¶ȥԼһռ٣ϢһգȥԪ԰֣ЩҪȥĹԱգջص̫¡
ֻһʮһԸ£
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ʽܵͷԸģ
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ֿһԵζζǿн
ζͷΪԱΪǵĲƽƽΨܹȥҸ̸ʱǶ涼ǳ£ԸȥЩպõĽǣ뿪ˡ
յͷֿʽܵжϣܹǸգԼҹ
յٶˣϣգ뿪⣬˵ٶϣȥ¥
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ζæСո磬ˣֻݻ磬һֲ˼˵Ҫˣ˵ȥ¥
⻹࣡ԵͷʽܵԸµˣԶԶˣʲô뷨û
ʽܳƬ̣඼ﷸΪˡЩ˵ĲնǳãԸǵУһ
һֱڱĿĴУͻȻ۵ʽܡ
յͷͻȻеιʷ̨ģʲô
еʲôϵ
յģ̸̸죬ʲôϵ
еﲻҲҪô

մ˸ָʽܵǸȻһ㣬ЩټԱŷǳеĹϵЩպõģ̫ҲһЩı䣬ñ˵Ͻټޣ㻹ҪЩյĺõĹټֻܿҸȼõǽЩټȫͳȥȻùټˣڱµģһ㲻ҸһܹʱԵĳնϹԱټ˵Ĺϵ̫¸ƣŷǳİЩôҲܵȫƶȵĺô˫Ӯľ档
ʽܹһ񣬵лͽ̣¹ˡ
ͻȻգʵ뵽ôˣֺαڴ˹Ūˡ
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˫Ŀ΢ϣ˵ˡ
Ͳµյ⣬ȻĻҲҪۣ˵ѡѡ˭Ȼټˣĺģǣټ˲һõĻ΢һ͵̭ǳĲпᣬ͢ǰź·ҪǴһأ¾ͻᵢԼһۣǻ߻·ֻҪԴûлĶѡ뿪
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һʮһˣ
𾪲ѡ
յͷȫµȹټˣҪôʹһģ׼ڹٸԻȣûļֵ
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յôģǧټ˾һﲻҲҪô·ȥټˣҲֳ񡣡
ʲô񣬺˵˵ǹޡεһۡ
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յ΢Ϊô˶뿪֤ټ˲ϲǶֻǱģ͢Ǳټˣǲǡ
Ц˵ʲô˵ˣѾˡ

ŵһ
οɫı飬ǺЦҲˣε˵ɣ˵ʲô˵ɡ
͵͵ȥмĿ⣬ֵ΢ΪǷԽټְҵרΪٸ裬ֻǵĹ͸һ͢ǩԼȵǵһ֮󣬾ͿֹԼ
ΪʲôҪô
յôģΪй˵Ĵڣ͢ᣬȱߣټΨһڵļֱֵµ֮ġ
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£޴⣬ôΪģΪֻҪúһ㣬ܹŤתԹټ˲õӰ죬ñ´лøߵ
ҲܹŤתλ治ˣʵ˵˵
һټ˵ԴһԴ֣һǷһﷸļڵһ͢ڸһר¶ԼЩԼŮİգЩ¶ɸָ˲ţΪ͢񡣵˵͢Щ¶ֻΪūۣȱ͹ذЩ¥ûʲôģǻ¡
ǽЩ¶ū澣ǵһƽȵĽף͢ˣǵȻΪ͢һ£ȵһ䣬˫ͿֹԼʱѾˣ㹻ʳȥ湤Ϊ˰աⲻֳܹµ˳ͬ͢ʱܸЩ·ŵĹһ˵ǸɼͿԻȡ֮ˡҴ˿ڲ࣬͢Ӧϧ
Եڶ˵ļӦΪū澣ūͷϼһޣѵͿԻָ֮ⲻҲֳµ˼ôͬʱܹ㳯͢裬˿ں˰գ߹ҵؼǣټ˻õյϿɣΪ͢ôǶԵġ
һǽıɾģˣЦ£檿⻹ǲ
Եͷ⵹ǿСˣ˵ðɡ


1465 ʱƸ
ڵõεĵͷ֮󣬺͢һ£ϣ·ŵˣҪɬףΪлһټ˸ƣҪټְҵ˾ĻͺתȥһΪȺ֮ʴ˲ʺϸ졣
ȵһж֮󣬳͢´Թټ˽һϵеĸĸȣټˣȷټ˵ְǾͶǱݷĹϽټڹԱޣΥطҴҪټȥݣðϸʱ޵ģʲôʱݣݶãʲôʱЩϸ޶
⣬ټ˲ƣǶΪʮƣʮƾˣĿʦ
¥ĸƣʱδ棬Ϊ漰һŮ˱ӶǳԣһʱֻеȵȷŮ˱֮󣬲ŻṫһϵеķȻڸ֣Ͻ潼˵ϢѾˡ
дʱϾȥЩһֱڴЩټ˵ĶְˣܻڣЩ󳼾뽫˸Ūظ̡
ǺᣬŪôһټΪҵṩʵѪҺҵ̫Ҫʶֵ˲ˣϾܶʿӡԸȥˣǹҵչ̫ѸˣۿԲ֣칫ҵְܵɣʥľԼֱ÷ǳҪ˵ûһ˲ȱⷽ˲š
ϺܿʹϢ֮ԪѾ볯͢ӹгĹټƸ˲š
ϢһΪ֮һô
ܿ죬Щ˷ӵⷽϢΪԪҺ֮ǳһָĴҵǿеĶܲټ⼫пǺյðţɲܴȻһЩҲˮ㣬ʲôˣ̽ĿӣⳤˣɶϤĺܣ˭ƭ
±ÿ죬˺վ԰գרΪЩټ˳Ů˴һƸᡣ
Ϣ˳ڴ֮ǰû뵽ջὫЩټתƵҵΪ߿ûʲôϵңȻ˿ȥҵΪʲôŮ˻Ҫȥ糾ܶŮṩһȫµĸŮ˳·治࣬˼˾ȥŮŮ澣ûеѡ
ؿɺˣҵŮȫŵģҹҵҲںƤ˵ĵλܱ΢ټҲܱ΢ֱǾ䰡
ɲʲô˶ܹģǽյ뺯Ĳ
ΪЩټڵĹ̽ԣǾǶ˲ţЩټˣεöдʫʣǻгɫĽİգȷʵĻ̫ˣʴ˺ҪЩҵ֮ķϣµơԪҡмšɽšС¥ж滪Сֵͨܵꡣ
ҪţǺȱ˲ţԪңԪĵǸ˻ˣԪ̫ȱˣӢܵȥˣԪǹ弯ţǷǳ˽ЩټˣǣԪϣܹˡ
֮ˣ֮ȱþ˲ţ֮ѾɹƹĽ׶ΣҲռгҪƸõķΪټƷλߣʱиУֱ֮֮ϣ֣ûбȴҪˣûиơ
վ֮գ԰һշòݺݺ࣬Ůơֻ·ԶľɵС䣬ϻְλдʲôþԱԱͻⶼǺгģһλᣬҵ淶Ҫǰûʲô淶һ˸ɺܶ¡
ң״δģƸᣬֶǾӢ˲ţһ淶Ҳ֪ʲô˲ţӦƸҲ֪ԼҪʲôְλ
һŮڸǰųɳӣһݱʵ⼸ռ䣬ζѾǸԣνԼרҵҵϿڡȻⶼǺġ
һֻ԰мĲƺһȺˣǺЩ̡
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һεĹӸ磬ֽһϣǹмֲ֬꣬ǲǺҪЩŮˣǵҲͬԼ
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һṫӣһֱͨħһ㣬ֱͷšС˵ͦеҲм檣ҲͦвŻģڼȷʵ˷ˣǸ
ƾһ仰Ҫҡָָ˲ŲֵǮģû˲ţǮҲ׬Ǯ˲ûǮҲ׬ǮϾǴƾ÷չô죬̫ˣͿܷյס
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Ԫܵͷüģλøʵ̫ܹˣЩټ˾ֵǮˡ
ֻ֣ķϣ˾ôױպס˲Ų٣ǼǮǿ̸ģôܹ˵㣬Υҵԭ򣬿һ˵գĿԱߵǮһƳСǮѵԼ⣿
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Ҫ˵ѽǺӢ˧ҿЩԱûһкʡ

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ĪԪҡ¥СԼ֮
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˺հоѡϼѵĹԣЩ뿪ԸǷǳǿҵģеϣܹǸգնǰ֣ˣǱдû˸жѣɼϻǷǳһѰŮ˵ҲǴ򶯺յһ㡣
ֻǵһмԡ
ǽڳʦǻȥǱߣñ˵̾ͻὨѧԺݹҵչ˾ǼУҲԸԸͶǮѧԺ˿ڼг


1466 ı־
ʵһֹټˣֱӱ¥¥ԺǩȥˣЩټ˱ͺϲ衢裬Ǹϣζһݻ磬Ϊˣ¥ҲתͣҪⷽ˲ţһļϣֻûӦƸǲ˼ҲӰ첻á
ǧټˣȨã֪ˣ˲ͱЩˡ͹ʣҪ֪յ׼գʵվѾȫ㶨ˣ֮ԪҾռ֮һݶԪе࣬ΪԪŵʵ̫һ㣬߶˲ز㣬ԪԼѧԺרԼԱĺ飬ֻô򵥣ѾƵ̶ˡ
Ϊʲô
ΪĹҵչٶȣΥʱչĿ͹أⲻγɵģǸݺһ˵־µģΨһһ㣬Ǿ˲ţΪ˲Ҫʱȥģ˲ȫϹҵķչŲֻܴӸȥȡԴ
̸һŮȨʲôŮˣʲôݣǶǱϵģϸ⹤ҵ׼ھɹһСģ
ټ˵ĳ֣ΪϱʱڹγɵһַģǰʱСǶǾɹƶģǵĴͳ档
ټֻǳ͢ߣʵ޹ؽҪؼڣûй̽׼Щټ˳˹ٸҲֻܽլԺûб·ѡڹ͹ŵģ˭Ҳߣǧټӵ棬˲ͱһգȨ׼һû̵Ϊղûǡ
⣬ǮԤƵһڼ䣬Щȥʾˣ˽ǵһЩø
Щ󳼿ˣǴǣҪҲܡ
ҪǰĻЩȥȥ˭ЩټˣȨ׼ģֻܶںȵЩ˲ŲЩȨ󣬸ֽڣҪ˶֮Ԫҡ¥ȥˣҲûа취˵ǵǩԼģ˼Ѿ֮ҲûȨ㣬˭ҪΥʥľԼҪεġ
һǺգ黧ܣ˰չ黧ܣ񰲾ָǵİȫЩܹ
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ΡΪ׵ͳν׼Ҳлȡ棬ǽһƽɹӰǹ˵㣬׼Ȼǻʵ棬Ҳһµʵ۸߶ȼȨĹȽ׶ΣСֻǼټˣʵǺܴģӸ˵ͳν׼빤̽׼һηǳĺйͬĽ׼ˣǾɹ׼
ǵˣһƸᣬڹ̽׼ԣҲӰԶģЩ͹ؼ֮󣬾ѾʼԼ̳ԼǿһôǮ԰һЩ˲ŻʸڼȳԵȺȣ£Ҳûո̸۷£ϽҲȥ£ԼˣЩ˻Ҫá
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֮⣬Щǿ̫Ծѽôô飬ͻһոճĹټ׬Ǯ࣬Ǹɵûɣддĸ壬ڳԸĸģ˭ͨѽ
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ֻ˵ˣҲԼ
ͨնԣһŮõùôߣԼŮҲʲôҹ㣬ǻȥɻãڼ廨ܹ׬Ǯ
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ΪһԺǾرƣӵãﳪ裬ȫÿ䶼ЦһԺĳ֣ҲԤʾǰһ¥ԺģʽҪ̭ˣǸССԺܹɶˣµĸ˳ǸγҲܹ׬˵Ǯﳪĸˣ׬˵Ǯ
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׶мĸվƴĹƣɫһļˮۿˡ


1467 ӭж
ʵһֱնǳϲƳԤ侭õ˼ߣ¥ҲˣҲøѹʹ¥תͣķʽǸıĻܹתǮ㲻ѡı䣬ǽ̭ô򵥡
ҺշԵǹټˣټ˵ǹҳǮԱ潣һԱ̣ҪҵģⶼøݣΪǹߣҪıġǺղ¥Ϊ¥ļֵڣĻ˼Ĵŷǳƶá
ֻϣ߸߶·ߣмֵģûмֵģڵĴƣҪǼĻ
յ˵ǳ̣ΪѾ˵һУҪ̸ôˣȵ˵꣬Щĸҵ𣬿ʼ⡣
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һ˰İղ仧Žɶ˰仧ĸӶࡣӶҲȷ˻Ҫԣǿ⻧ȥð˰ա˰ʵҲһԼ񣬲˰գΥԼֻҪڻһ˰ձÿһ˰գ͸һӡΪһԼƾ֤Ϊһֳŵı㲻˰գΥԼ񣬾ûгţûгŵˣ˼Ҷ㣬ͨΪƳԼûĸԸһûгŵ˽ףΪʵ̫ˣûгŵˣᴦܵƣʹȥ˰ա
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Цר˰֣ͳһ˰գÿͳһؾˣص˰սعٸտκεط˰ա
һ˵һ÷ǳҪһŪ٣߻˸Ǻã
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һ᲻̫һ㣿
Ҫסûи飬ֻ㲻ġٸӵ·ֻҪ·ãһжü򵥣ֻҪ·ָʾ߾ˡյñ˵˰ֻ֣˰ǱģǮˣÿͳһΣص˰ڹٸĻǾ͸ӼˣΪ˰Ƕõģң࣬ٸ˰ȽϷ㡢١
һԱɵˣԼۺü飬ں׵õˡ
ЦǾ仰һҪѧϰѧ߼˼άʵ̫Ҫˣٸӵ飬ֻҪ˿룬ҵؼڣһⶼӭж⡣
ΤɽͻȻԣȻ˵ĻΪκ㲻ԭУԭҲкܶ˰ˡ
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յߵƶȲһеÿص˰ɰģ˰һÿܹܵģԭԣʩӹƣ˰ǳ͢õģЩûأʵڽ˰ô죿ó׵ļǿ͢Ҳ̨һϵеߣʵѾʩˣֻԵЩ̣˿ڶ붼ˣôֻҪܿغ˾ˣ͹Ա˰գ˴ɵģӹͿ۳ˣɵĻӻǳѹ˻Ϊôһ˰գҶȥôȥﶼν㽫˰ո˾ˣũһ飬Ǹǰһȥٰս˰


1468 ף
һЩԱ϶дһ֡
ʵھЩദǵѾԾԺհˣʵ˼ͬǷǳҪģ־ͬϾôһǿʼΪ޼һ׽Ҫʱˣһ׸ȽҲʺЩˣԼµ
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ŴԴ֮˲ſʼԷչż꣬˾˹ģЩ巢չ˼꣬ͻǼĶأһ仯ûУʴ˲вٹ嶼ʼҲΪ˻ȡʤġ
ʵͶҵĹ廹ǹ𣿡
Ŵ㶣治˵
յ˵ѽʵⲻӮ⣬ԭ꣬ٻظĳЩһֱͦţ˵Щڸı䣬ôҲͲ滻ֻ˵Ƕڽ㿴мźɽŲǹôҲ̭˲ٹ壬ЩǲڸıģӦ̭
˵ҲеŴ˼ĵͷͻȻƳۺգǺǵС磬˵Ҽһвһ
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յԿʲô洫طһЩɫĶȻתΪƷķ
ŴҼҾһңûȻĻҲ취ˡ
ճƬ̣룬ϾżҿɲС壬ҲҪеģСҪǡ
ŴԸæ˲ѣǿɾͶлˡ
˵
԰ֳ֮󣬺ֱӻȥˣΪշ¥עֵģЩĸ϶޲ڷ¥ҹȥϹϡ
ɸǰֻʮŮ˴߳úΪԼƽ̧ͷһȷԼûߴط
Сü硣
飬ˡ

ЩŮ˼գеһ񣬶ԳСãǿ϶ˡ
񣡡
չ֣ĿһɨֶǸٸ
飬ǶԼˣ֧㡣
ţҲ֧㡣
飬Ů֮ѵĳƺţʵ飬Ů˶֧㡣

𣿶лл
նµģʲô
ȺշӦЩٸϵﳤȥ
ѵΪټһ£Цҡҡͷøڡ
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һƺջˣŭԣ㻹˼˵ⶼ㡣
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յҲʵ
ޣµѵǷѩĵô

һĿ㣬ֲ˵סģգ͵˿Цɡ㣬Լ˵ôãһضºˣ˼Ϊôá
٣⻹һ⣬ҲҪԪѧϰôԼøΤСһ㣬ôֻصȥˣʱôճգգۣյҲĵģ˵ʵȷʵûҹټˣҲ֪
µǵʱô죿㲻֪ҷŶΣӦҲǣӦҲǡ
վⲻ˶ģԼ취Цģģһ뵽һð취ġˣôأ
µ˵أ
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š
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ƽʱ飬ǲ
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ЦҪ飬㻹ϲô
գգۣתƻΪأ
Ϊʲô
֡
ˣһĴȣѹַǰڣһΪԼ˧ˣԭΪ°£ǿںź߯Ҳˣʹףⲻ̫ʰɡ
زҩҽ֮µΪǷǳʣĵµŮˣǻŮôһǵˡסڶ۸Ůˣǿ϶άԼˣѽΪֵŮˣҪд׵ľ񡣡
գԽԽˣղźҲӦ콥ôһӾҩ˵ܳܲ𰡣
µɷģǿɶĺܣçײµġңֵĵطˡ
ʲôط
Ů˷
ʲôŮ˷վȵ
µͷ㿴Ů˷ƽ֬꣬Ů˶ϰȥҲ÷ͦʵġ
վұͦġ

ǮҵǮնپЦãͷáðɣ͸˵ɣҲ֡


1469 ǧ
ټ˵ķ籩ÿ죬ȥҲǼ졣
ܿƽˡ
Ҷδ뵽Ϊһ㶼γһµķ磬Ͼ˿նѽ
ʵǺյĶ̫죬̫벻Щټҡһ䣬̱˴þҵȵȣܶټ˶Ѿϸˡ
Լǩˣǻô죿
κﶼеǳ⣬ϾûʲôǾͺˡҲûټգ¸ɵ߯ҲˣеͽεǲΪȥﺫա
Ȼкܶ๤ó׷ЩټˣϾǵ⣬ڹϻ᲻ʲô鷳Լ᲻ȥɧǣⶼ޷ȷġЩһЩ飬ȻǽʽܡζȥִԺһЩ˹æ
˶Դ˸еܰģ֤һεĲţȴЩƽʿúܲζҪ֪ܶʿȾҵɵʽǾѾˣ赭дľٶҪμӿƿĿȥһЩ뷨
ǱߣûдͬʱУΪǱߵĹټ˹ģǲ糤˽ӪǷǳǿֻҪѹסһаǱߵĹԱȻҲῴʹ棬϶ŵ㣬մڳһ£ʲô鷳ȻȥǱߡ
⼸պһֱڼϢŶˣǴѶȥͻȻæµΪٸ֪¿϶ֵģƳ̫ືˣҺȫǳԹ壬ƳŮ˿ɲǺǵģǶ븾֣˶£°͵Ӧǣָ۸ֵĽ衣
⣬ĸһ£ɣľ̾ȥŮ˷ˣɣľûȥʺա
ڼյĺգڳţΪһٻ
μˮһģСȫשɵģԭԪҵķ֯Ͼ˿ƳҪͨԪҲܲӪ˿񣬶Ҫԭȴʮ࣬ʮ䣬ҲǱ֮ģҪСһЩ
޻һ̾Ϳʼŷ֯Ϊṩļ֯ߣףվ꣬ѾʽͶģ
ҲԪĵΪʲôҪк
˺֮⣬һҪĿˣǾ֣С
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Ԫңģ˾ȣ˭Ҳ벻һȫµķ֯
֣һ߿ţһ߸п
֮ǾüŷչģԪҸտʼģֱ׷֮Ԫҿֲ
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ԪЦ֮ǲࡣ
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Ԫҽ֣ϣ֮ԼǩãΪԪ̫ҪǮˡ
İ칫ҡ
ۣ칫װͦģĵͦġ칫Ĵš
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֣ЦЦҪǺС罫޻˵̫ˣҷǳڴ
յ㻹ǲʶ޻ĲҪ˿öܹ࣬꣬˿࣬ϡΪ󣬵Ȼ˿󡣵޲Ҳĺôȣ϶鲼϶ҪãʶҪ鲼öˣ˿ôһ㣬˿Դϴɹ޲ɾҪ״ˡ
еˣһ㶼ǲɻˣñңɻ˴УٺõĳУϴôأҲˡ˵Ǹɻ˶࣬ǲɻ˶أṆ̀ҲöӲ죬˿񲻻㣬޲Ǯͣ㣬ʺ֮ţҴʣļʺϣ϶
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һ裬ϻҲ֮ģʼҾٷƵķ̲ͦõô㻹׬˲ٰ֮磬̻ѵ㿴ô
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һԣ׷պǺһЦҵ̸ˣ̸ɡ
̸
ԪܡԪĵЦöסˡ
֣аյôǮ𣿡
ԩյ֮ôΪʵʼҾƷԼһЩƷһЩʿķ̣Ҫ͢ԼΪǱͷǳͨԼʱֱӲɹˣܹɳ͢ϰߣǽ͢ȻȻɹǧİΪ˼·ǧ𣿡
Ԫܡ֣СԪĵýһ㶣ôһ̱ͣøߴϡ


1470 
֣пɲΪ±պƵԼ˺գһЩ޻͸ϽȥˣǶΪһط֯׼
ЩʱΪиʵʺ
Ԫܵ
ԪĵͷӦΨͼ̫ˡ
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ԪܺøôΪ
յǿɲҪǣԸҺľ֣УʱʲôǣȴԸҵĽ顣˵˶ΨͼҲΪģΪɹ˶żǿԭΨͼʵҲһԭ֣ȻһЩ棬Ƿȱżǿ˸ȥ֮ԱԸ뿪ģҸ˵һ֣뿪ֱ֮֮ˣκȡóɹϣҪߡ
ԪԵͷ¶˼ɫ
Ԫĵǻ̸̸°ɡ֪ԺĲѾȡشͻƣϣܹǡ
΢΢üͷȡ˼ͻƣǳɱǹߡ
ԪĵԪȱˣֲҪǳߣܹܺõļǵѹһҲ޷
ճƬ̵ֹô򵥣ԺԲĺļбܣֻܳۺǣҲ
Ԫ£ԪĵԪĵ㲻һֱᳫ͢ô
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ԪĵֻҪǮҲνԼĻҪҪΪ˼󣬹ԪҶԣҲʺϵġ
յǺðɣһᾡ찲ŵġ
ԪͻȻֻΣҪԪУ˵һ˶Ȼ͢ҪǿϱóôͬҲǳ̻¾ҪǮȥ󲮶ΪԪжһܿɹĻᡣ
յҲߵû̫⣬ǣԪгǮôҪýԪеõͨҲ˵ǽǮУȻֱӴԪȡԪҵĴǮһǳĿ顣
ԪܵͭǮĻûô࣬ϻұҲ٣һԪҶԼĻϻ֮ƣֱӴԪУֻҪ˲ҪͭǮĻӦòʲô⣬Ԫ⼸Ѿ˲Ǯ£񷴵ǳЩȱǮЩԱĹнԪҴСѹͨϱĻͿԻٵȱǮ
ԪĵؼͨԪУԼȡ档
ճΣ봬£ҵĹһڼ䣬ǽнƳһȫµĴȯʱһнԪͨ
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ԪջǸɽͷϲ䷳ϰţ˼ҿˡ
ⷽ棬ջԪգСҰᷳˣָ߶ȶСҰԣѾûʲô˼ԪǷĵϲ裬ֻҪпգУһְá
ѽѽգˣ
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Сո磡Сո磡
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⼸С˹̽ΧסգŴ۾NɪĿźա
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ʵԪյļܹսߵĸ߶ˣֻǺһֱûпգԪҲǳĵĵȴԴ˺ջһЩھΣû뵽Ԫջôⲻ֪Ԫնڰ裬ѾԵһ־ˣϣһذģͱҪյİټϺȷʵæúܣںһֱԹԵû
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ڴ֮ǰ׼ǱҪġȣʵؿеص㡣
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СӸұա
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ԪԪĵԪַ׷׶üԪһ
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ʷĺƵͷŵ㣬㾭ãǸǶģд顣
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ˣˣˡ֣ԪյԪɲҲ㣬Ҳûа취ʽշȡ
ԪԪĵʷĺǣһ˫۾ԪӥðΣͷɥðɣҴӦǡһͲǴǲڡ
ԪֺǺǵɶǻмҲܲ˼ˡ
ԪȨû
ԪԪǿЦֱҡͷ
ǺԪǩΪһ飬дҪȥΣĸߴУͱõʷĺЩ֪ԼԪĵĵͷĻ޶Сöú
ǩ֮Ԫվ뿪ˡ

ȵȷ뿪ˣԪĵغ÷ͻȻͬʱ˿
غ÷źЦգҿ취Ȼǻ治֪ôǺá
պǺǵɩɩˣҲΪԼϾ⻬ŪģΪ⻬ʲô⣬Ҳھһӵġ
ԭǺȾͰźõģҲֻôԣԪոе£Ԫë̫˽ˣֻжȫ˵ס


1471 ų
ա
컹ʱԪұǺصĴŻֻʮƴӱڻг
Ԫջ죬ԪҵĵλǲͣȻԪǵһʵܹԪƽƽģΪԪҵıԪʱߵġצڵΣҲԪԪûа취һҪءҲôаԪմС룬һֱûбҾһΣԣͬʱҲ˸е˼飬ʴԪ»϶ŸԪһˡ
ɽ帽ʱ춼ѾֻɽǺѹѹһƬܱɽͷҲվˡ
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ڿеԪգֻԼġġŵƯڿУӥһ裬أһˣеĻҪڣѾҪᡣ


1472 岥

ˣˣ
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ԪԪӥǣǳԹȺǣ룬Ե쳣һ׷Ԫգһ߸
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1474 Ľ
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Ϊǩ飬ԪշǳϧһεķУܹһգԴԪ˷ֱǧߵ뷨֮оԽԽǿŵûͿԻҲԻʵʵֻͲ̫ˣ˲ò췵
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ҪݿɷΪĵ㣬һϽ潼ˡȷ˸ӵоܾ˯Ȩ⣬ͻλ֣ǿȸ˯Υģĸ֪鲻֮ؽҪεġ
ԴŮˡͲ漰ˣ檣ҲͨŮˣȷŰŮˣΥģҲŰȻкܶ࣬ȷʲôŰǷҪΣŪǷǳϸϧǣū澲Уʵū澣ūǹ塢󳼵ĺ棬˽˲Ʋ͸һټ˻ģټٱ΢ҲڹҵģǵȻǹ˵㣬Ҫʡ֧ټˣҪ˼˽˲ƲȥǺܶ˶ˣҲûɣΪɶ涨ū澸һʣҪôĻȷϳһɷǷǳѵġ
ǿܿ˿һҪԵǴưյ޶ⷷūܣΪóף͢ڹóףҴūһֱǽڣڵģԼ˿ھ٣гڵĵҲ޼ɵĽҸŮתΪˣԼתΪū澡ǹڳŮӵҪһǳԸܹУĻΪǿȣΥΪΪʲôҪص㻮Ůǲūĳӣǳ٣ǿԸɻԼģ˭ҶŮӡǴ󳼡̡ū澽׻ǽܡ
ģϽ׶ķ͢ڸһרЩ׶Ҳǰģһǹ¶ڶǱṩ֤ʾȷʵŻٱץܵ´
ڵ㣬ҪٸҲǮķԼᱻЧ
ڵĵ㣬ֻڳڣʱռΪطٸûôǮ𣬵ط׶Ҫٸ׼ſҲǲƵģҪǾûа취ˡ
һǹ˴󳼡ĺ棬еҲڱŰŮ˷棬˭˼ôҲ˵˵Ͻ潼ˣʹе̣Ҫ潼ˣ׷Ǻ֪ţƵĻȥԼڣ㲻ǿ飬ҲǴȶһԭ򣬾ǴбԵҲܷԡ
ܽ˼룬ǷŮʩӲҪ˺
ΪȾѾǵȨ棬Ҳܹܡѯһ
ǳԻʵ۵˼룬£ңĹ¶гģʴҲụ̂޴ĴҲֹʵ۵ңǿԲģӰ쵽
û̸ãͶͨˣΪ볤ʱ򣬾ѾЩȨЭ
ξǰ뿪֮õҲܼ򵥣Ǹ˾ְл̫ӲһЩ򵥵˽һ£иӡˡ
̸֮ΨΤ˼ǫ
һٶôǶ飬ʷ̨Ǽලǵģû¾ͿԵ࣬ӵŷȨ
ǴҶҲԤƵǹŻǵģʾǱȥȻĻ͵͵Τ˼ǫ̸УƫƫǵΤ˼ǫⲻǳô
¹£֮ģ˭ҿ϶һЩ
ǹŻǵģεǳɹ


1477 ģʽ
ǵһ飬˻θ첲ټһ£ӦÿǸһ˰ɡ
ЦҲûǶ˾յĳŵ
ǺǵˣϷҲģСӿɲܺϷҪǵʱû׼ãϷɲġ
յ˾ĴɷģǾԾû⣬ֻҪʮңôǲκθģֻ⻹ñµͷһƵ϶˾棬ȥ㶨Щĳҷ֤ڳ㡣
ԣֻҪܹ֤һͿˣЩĳóҪǶñ죬帮ţҲõͷһ㣬ս⣬ȴǺϷ벻ף˰ÿô࣬񻹵ðԼ¹Ȼ룬Ǯ
ЦǺǵɽƣһ˾ܹһ߾ǾެԶˣھ⣬ͳͳңֻҪٸһЩЩʱɡ
üѣĪҪƭϷ򰡣
յ˾գ÷ҿܻһ£Ǯ棬˾Ӧöģ֮߾Ǯ϶⣬ټ˵ǮһĶòһǰᣬʱһǻ飬Ҳǻ飬ֻܽԼǮˡ
Ǻǵڳк绽꣬˭ҵ㡣
̾⻰˵ûʲô˾˵⻰ľ죬ˣӦ˾һſˣ̫ξҲô䶯һƤӣͰˣģ̶֥С£ڳϴɼҸ˾ľʮǧﰡ
СԽ˵ԽûˡЦҡҡͷ
Ȼվ䷢Էθĳ޼ɺ̩ɽϳ˯ˣȥУ˭Ҵǵ⣬ӻˣңκδκνǰһῼǵǵ棬Ҫڱ֤ǵǰȥ˼Լ档ڡա帮Щˣϳ͵ôԲע⣬Լˡ
һ־硣
ͻĺԶ


ܿ죬͢䲼·Ů˷
һ˺䶯УȻ˵ʱ򣬰ǻǺš
˵ÿһġ
Ͻ潼ˣǰշǳģ潼ڰǰĶ˵Ȼð
ŮĻߣ˸ǻ࣬ӵ˾ܾȨܱûеúá
⣬͸֣ӵģԻʺģʩڰգûκ޵ģ˵¶ˣѰҪŮ㶼ֱ͢ȵŮˣܹ֮صߣȻ񣬵Ǻ͢ӣǴδйģ־
һԷ޵ջ˴ġ
ΪҪһ㣬˾ðսʶεʱҪùʱΪʱڣܵģʱŬзԣεʱǿļҷóԣɴˡ
ʵҵķչѾİմĸı䣬ҶǺõķ棬˴ģǺģıģܶվͻûȥ룬ֱҪҲ뵽һλʾʵںܶ෽涼Ѿͳεʱڡ
Ҳû뵽ܹնļ䣬ŵʤԺ󣬸˵Ķ˹ȥģҪð֪ʵӣǵԴϣңҲ˵һ㣬޼ɵϽȨάʺ谭ƳķչǸ˺ü꣬ҲȨ⼸꣬һһҪҼ꣬Ͳ֪ǿʲôزˡ
㶼ǳҪ
û뵽ССһʹﵽԼĿģʱҲǽ͢ϴһ㣬һԼȨû뵽ôЧǷر뺫գһ̫ˡ
ʵҲֻ֪ѰκĹͬϣִԼļƻټˣıҵķƻзǳҪһ
Ȼغ㶨ɣ˵Ȼ˿
׼ܵСĳҲͰһЩ塢ʵܼ򵥣ЩɷǱײ׼ģȻͻ˺ϲ׼棬˿ôƣ׶Աǵûа취ǰһøֶΣתΪǵĲƲǷ⽨Ĵơ
ʵҲˣΪ͹֮ɽЩ̼ҴͷԱʵĹʣôСҲ̫࣬飬ʹٳһѭȻɡƽģʽ˼治һ棬¥µĵײԱ֮ĵײԱ࣬Ǹ߼Աʱ֮Ҫ߶ˣҼҲģҲõģرսһرԱսߵˡ
Ϊ¢˺ܶ༼гǱ߻нлһġ
⣬̫ӵҲһƬغգǿɶŮ˵ĸ֣͢Ҫ֣Ƕ£һȺδػܷ죬ֱȷ³θֵľֳʱ竵Ӷˡ
Ůе࣬ǿĸˣҲᶯȥŹˣ¸ңҲŹ򣬻ͰϷɣֱӵܵĿǣǹˣ±ǻҪҹƶˣ̺ѹǣ⻹ô档
ԭػ͵࣬յĹϵع⣬͸ӵ͵ˣĸףӵܶ콫ˣͻȻ˳滹г֧֣͢ǱֶһţXɷ򣬽ô
Щһֱڳﱸֵ£룬Ƿǳ棬ûпô¡
յûôܣȥһֱԪ԰ָЩԱΪϾҪȥˡ
ʵÿش뿪ÿˣΪǻԶԶϾҪ뿪ˣһǵİŴź԰мˮԣǵǡ
յһɣʦţڸˡֻܴһЩ飬Լ̻ʱȥ˼óȥпո飬һ£׼ЩԱǰȥΡ
ŴЦֿɳˡ
յ˻
Ŵһţǻʡ˵㣬帮ǿ϶ѹǵġ
˵ôֲЦǷ֮ʡȨѾȱˣǹܲ
ŴǲͨǾʲôҲɲˡ
յ谭ǣǲǲǮ
ģ
ѵǰһֱΪҶڿЦ
Ŵͷ
ȥյУǻղΪЩٺ»ġ
ŴƶǣʡҸɴǵ顣
յÿʲô£˴ŵ飬ҪĻҾܹǻ֦ʶòҪסǻǿģûǮʲôɲˡ
ŴúǺЦӦôֻңȥˡ
ͻȻʵˣϻز˵żҲô
Ŵôк⣿
յżҿȥһľ
ľŴ¥һľô
յҵľߵз·ߣ
Ŵ㶣ס
յ˵ǷһֶȥͻǩԼ졣ãԺһԪһֱ빺ֲڹһܼģǾרĲԺרŸȥԪ̸⣬гҲǽҾ͸ǽӵŶǮġ
Ŵһûжأ
תûͦġյģеǶ֪ҵһʲôܶҪľߵģԼһߣöǮΪʲôԪҲԼ㣬ĻҲ԰ƾǵĹϵ㻹ûô
ŴģɲСѽҪǮ
յԴӽдôءլԺûһ⡣
ŴûɣȥǮ
һ˭ȥˣżôңΪɣҲĸ˲ӽǮѾǳƽˣΪǮ˵˾֢
Ŵüŵþ֢ˡ
յ㲻ұȥˡ
û˵Ȼҿһ¡
Ǯˣ㻹ǣ㻹˼ˣôˣҿ˭Ҳ㰡
ɱƭңżҿûôǮŪôҵ׾ڣһˣһ˿ɾ͵סȥˡ
ҾżұеôǮ


1478 Ʊ
Ŵ治ڵ͵ںǰǾһˣȻǻɣˮŵĶ֣ʵڳѾ㲻öˡӲƸжϹĻôĹƾͲôˣ฻̱ȹ嶼ҪǮ
ΪƳʱĹ壬ǮķŵʵҲΪʱҶôԣֻǾɵԼأʴչͺܿ죬Ǻ̷Ҫͱ沢أһḶ́ûܵصƣڹҵչ̫죬Ƿֱ׷ܿͳԽǡ
һԵӣǰԣ˾ǳңѾոȡ
û˿ԼյĲƸɣľҲ㲻
ҲΪʲôżΪʱıˣҵܹѸٵۻƸŴΪɣƣӦýתΪƸ
ææµµУܿ͹ȥˣһκǰˮ棬ʵȥɢɢģڳи£Ķǵ̫ˣʵմ죬ʵҪճУǻᱻȥҲ϶ᷴԵġ
Ƿ򸾴˷е̶ǹģǰؾҪȥ԰ڵģǵĸŮϳֻˣһΪµһˡʵȥģǱһҪȫҼô˳ԳԺȺȣ֧ǲС
ƳԸ㣬ʵҲˣõĵһǻʵ۵ģʵ۲ĵǮڹҵģڻʵ۵ģʵҪǮҪģʺ£ӦǻʵԼǮΪ͢Ҳٸȥܣڹҵ񣬹ಹһ㣬ҪǻʵۼǾǹȫεСǺѹģںĸʹӦ֧߳ɣʵԼֻɡ
йԱУҪлʦ佫Ѧʹ
ѦʹصεĶ󣬿ξӦĽӰˣΪѦʹλʱã˷䣬ǸʱĴ󳼣÷ǳûһòġ
ΡϣףͷøǷ򸾻죬ǰ;
뿪ĵգԪ԰ֵЩԱҲȥˣǳţҳڴǲپսǳڴսΪںѧ౾£ԶԣոѧҵгɣȻ̾ѧãͺѧһոѧῪſȥＸȦǵ
һӾǰʱ䣬æ˭ǲˣȻкܶҪǲôϣҲæɣҲûиԼķż٣Ϊʵ۲ڣǶܷɣҪ󳼣û˹ǣҲͲҪ٣¾ȥû¾Ͳȥ
һգջƵֱŮ˷ѾǸ֣ڻʺ뿪ãʽţǿշǳ͵Ǽ򵥵ĽŴ򿪣Ϣķǳ죬ǰΧ۵İտǲ٣ûһԱֳǹٷʡ
飬㲻ܽ
⺫²֣ҲǵһŶδżͱǰһλٸס
ٸʶµĵɽ
סˣΪΣ
ſһָƫͷһֻſһľơֹ
˭ӣ
ǿԸġ
ǵġյҿǿɷ򡣡
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ŭˣȥѿг
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Ҳԣֱӽϣôأ
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µǸڲġ
Ϊë
Ůָ״һ㶼Ǹ˵״ŮֱȽϵС£ʴ˲׼˽ȥҪϣŮһ֡һ֣ŶԣȫС
žûһЩɻǷǳƵҲ׼ô
µΪͷͷ׼Ļ˵ɷҲӻк塣
յͷУǴ˵㣬ʵҲ·˳㡪
£ºȻһ̧Ļ۾ȴǰĽֵϡ
ƫͷһֻһŮſǻš
ȶһ¡С
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£漴תϵС
һִС˳λŮѾþڡ
ô״ûеôɡֹһ£׼ǰһۣɸǰͻȻ˳СƼˣվǸŮҽţҿýֿȥС
մ󷭰۵ֿȥ˼һ⣬óæȥɣȥǱе¡
˵꣬ҡͷԵ뿪ˡ
²һЦʵ治ոԤ֣ΪҲյٸͬҲŮʵվְ񻮷ϳһЩ⣬ĶԼǿľơ
½㣬Ǻã㲻ý治յߣ͵Ц
Ƿ޼ء
鲻׼ȥ¥ҲӦô
Ȼôʲô첻¡µһۣȻ㼱˽ȥ

˼顣
⺫ոոУһģµŮ˳һϮǳɫȹֻںһ٣ȫ¶ǾµӣԵüΪ
Ůˣټ˳ڽеʵϰþ
յͷʵɣľ𣿡
ɣľܹѾˣڹ飬롣
΢΢һֽ̧뵽
ˣ
ɣľգæ
ͻȻָָˣרҵרҵ𰡣˵ţ
ɣľһ£漴׹εˣҲˡ
أ΢Цһ裬飬ò衣
յͷЦˣʵϰڵΪֹվתɡ
ᡰһ
ʵϰת£תľ˽׷סģʵϰסᣬԭʵϰڿ¡
յ㣬Ŭ츳㶼ˣ鶼⣬ҾͲűܹë˵ллȻȥ°ɡŶ׼κ˽ҸɣľܹЩҪ̸
ллǡȳȥ
˲һţֽţ˷ܣֲұ¶ǿż˳ȥ
ɣľƵɻ£Ƿȱ飬ôҲʵϰһ˵
Ƿȱ飿
ЦһǰôʲôӦȱþģһģȫʸʤΡҲˣҪעǵģԼܹʤһйŬ츳ΣƣվüģεΨһ;ʱ䣬ںҵϣҪЩòһԱ
ɣľͷ֪ˡ
յûУ
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ұߵľǸ׼ģõµֽţǸݶ뷨޻ȥȥȷҪиоˣұȽãҲǲȫµļһ㽺£ϸвʺɫһаߵǸԪ׼ģõǱ̭ļһ
˵ʱ򣬺Щȯϸ˿ⷽмģΪںҲõٳ
ɣľ˵ţִľеĵײֻ滹дһűȽϴֽţǸݶҪƳĽƱ
ƱͼͱȽϸӣǳõһ¼ֽһͭӡӡˢһΣī֭ͨѹ͸ڶֽ棬Ȼٽڶֽӡˢһ顣
ù˿ĵͷ
ɣľֵǶֽƱҪ߶ӵеģǸԪҼרȥæ
յֻһ͸¶ȥкԪж꣬ΪͨģȫǱܣǸӦĽƱȻٸǰͿˡɣľеĽƱʹȯⶫ˫нúãǶҪˣҪĲãǿɾˡⷽ棬һҪֽںļҪԱܵģ⣬ҲҪһ㣬ǷеĴȯ಻ܳ߳ɡ
ɣľͷģһֱסġ
ʵȯļǷ¥Ϊ߼ܣ׼Ƿָĸоһ⼸̷ơרŸһ㶼ģÿһӡˢĸȯĸԭ͵¥ӡˢȻӡˢ


1479 
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Ժڣһ˶ûпղƵ˹ˣ˶ȥأ
ڷ¥Ϸˡ
һ
ջعȥֻһȶˣϹɴİŮվ⡣
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ǿЦõ㻹æͷˡⲻ㰲ŵôԺϾҪˣ㻹ôԺͣЪǲøϽšﶼжݻ磬ǳﱸ質
ԶԶԶԣţôˡ˵ֺôûȥ
ǵĸҲڣҲȥ
յŶ嶼ܵشӦŲ㻹ûеΡ
ҵô꣬ں⼸ôһЦ
ҲΪеڡ
ǵ˻
յԤǣ¥ҵõһת䣬һʰ㲻ôĻпܳΪΪҫ۵Ůˡ
ǵҶԴ˲Ȥ
յʲôȤ
ЦֻһͨͨŮˣѾһˣΨȱһ롣
£Ц˵ԽԽˮƽˡ˵վȥ¥Ǳ߿
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նԴ˵ǲ⣬ֹۿСӣȥԷˣò˻һͻȻݵüȲǰɫֲ֮ƵݵʲôϷ
԰Ρ
԰Σһô֪
ҲЩȣƺúյı̫ˣСﻹͷ㰡԰εôãϣǷ¥԰ɻ磬ζǶΪֻҪݵúãһϷһܴҵϲġ
ҵȻ֪յǡһϷǷõ˼ҡ˵
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һԵļĸͷѽΪҪõ˵ĵͷӦøе˲ǰ
ܶʫʶǸ˸ģ͵µԣܶ˶ϣЩ˳ԼĴʡ
ҿ˿Ҷǳ㵵Ŀ룬ͷû֪ʶȨĸǲУû棬дĶûΪʲôҪõԷͬ⣿ǾȻ˼⣿֪֪٣
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ĸ飬ҿɲҹͬΪʲôҪǮǮǮ̫ˣ⣬ûʲôǮ
һϷǷ¥ϷǷ̯ģ֧ˣ͵ٺܶడ
ԵЩȣĸ̫ˣȻô˵ⲻ֪԰յʱ򣬴Ӳϲ԰ڹĻǾûʲô̸ģһĸһ࣬Ƕ˵㡣յı䷨ϵģҪƽȽŻ֪յʵ뷨ʴֻڳ԰ڹãҪҲû̫ǿҵĵȼ⣬粻֮Ҳ治ģһ˵ҪϹٷȥѴңһࡣ
ۼĸ֪ΪʲôԶֻ϶ôΪֻܿԼĽż⣬ǰһ㶼ˡ
һԵĸ÷׷ڴ͵Ц
ĸڨڨ治ΪʲôҪô
ܼ򵥣㲻ǮҲݣǳĹ涨ǲĹ涨ɶû˵׼ΪʲôҪǮⲻɵȱô
յܼ򵥣Ǯ׬ģŻиĺƷϣǲи԰οɻ磬ûǮ׬дĶд
ĸˡ
æԲ˵ôɣ
ô죿΢΢üжȻһѽһҪרгͼ죬ȫػδͨǺһλģҿȽĻƷרôһרʶȻ棬ţһļƻںԺиֳϷܵţһȥ̸ģ̸֮ǰǾƲݡ
֪ˡͷ
뵽һ󣬺ƺҲСִ̨֮ȥ˺̨
̨˵С֣ݵǺá
ôн㣬ʵҲݵúܺõģֻһЩţҵһݵʱҲһЩţݼؾͺˡ
С֣ƭˣһݵʱ򣬿һҲš
ҡңҪкڣҲŲеŵġ
ʲôҡ
磡
磬ʲôʱġ
յһ
ųֻ́СҰСǶڣ֮⣬סЩĸ̫¾ͼգû뵽￴գһʱ侹֪룬Ƭ̣ǲʱֹ̧ǣˣǵķ¥ûһס
˵գܵܵСӣʲôңʵСӾĺܣ㣬ǰϻ𹫷ߵġ
ܵܺٺЦš
ֵôأ
ܵܺǺǵ¡
յôй档
õСո磬СֿҪĶˣ㻹ȥ飬ΪʲôС־ͲϷ
ǣǡֱܵͷ
ãŶһԭ˰
úʲôʲôԭˣ
ҲûмȤǣݾݰɣ֮ľͺá
ţܵʹĵͷ
ֽܵ˹һִܵܵļϣЦС֣Ȼϲ̨㼸žѧȵԺŵʱ򣬱ͷ
ܵܵʲôѧ
̧һָͻȻһöͭǮ
Щĸ˶ʱľ
ܵȴѧˣֱ׾ĺܣѧá
ЦǻСҰô˵ţֽСҰ˹Ц̨ܵͬݳһأȻĻһź
ܵɫһϲСҰڣҿɾͲˡ
СҰԵЩԥ
ЦСҰģⶫǲҪ˵ģ͵Ϸˡ
ܵܵѽСҰ£ǿǴδʧܹġ
СҰһСֿ֣ۺգ˵˵ͷ
յûм뿪һϷֽȥ¥¥°֮˼ݣǵĽɫɲݶ棬Ǽ˫
Сո磬㣬ˡ
յͷ˼ȻͬһϷǲһɲ䣬ҪĳһЩ
֮ôܻӭҪٸı˰ɡ
յΪʲô㻨¥Ƿ¥ڴ죬ʧܣҪŬ£ܳɹһɲ䣬ϱᱻ̭ġ
ЩΡ
ȷʵˣհ¥Ļ磬һ˿ıģҲȡ˼ĳɹΪûп¥汾ģǶԾ£ϰ˼ֳɵġ
˼֮ζһֲ߻ģҪҲζΪҪԼһЩԼò뷨ȥ
˼˵ͷı
ڻ¥˿ȥԺԺĳ֣ȫıе¥ģʽȫ򿪷ţû㹻Ķݡ

ʱ֣뼸ٸӸ˳һƣûУǳڽʲô᲻°Ƶá
ֿڵͣ˻վ˺һŷֿϵԼ

ϵһټ˼飬ŵýг
½㣬ôأ
û£
˵ձ˺һۣˡ
ίֻѡЩֲһϱ˺ġ


1480 һ׮
˵Ҳ´𲻴Ӧͽȥ

û뵽ջ͵Ϯһ뷴ģ뵽Щ£ԥԥ䣬úոóˡ
ֻϢɿ֮󣬺ܼЦ
̷ȭգѹǷôôˣһƼô죿
յܹǵһһ磬һ飬ȥԼķˣȴ֮飬ڵĸܡ
СĴһΣֳųظ
ܿͶ
§ĵ۲ۣ
ҡͷһҲۣڶ˷ţǾͰһŮˡ
ŶһǸô
µͷҪô
Ц˵ʲôҶ
һ˵˵Ԫĵɡ
Ȼ˵̸°ɡһ
һЦɫǸлסϽԭҲвصģһСûһ꣬ɷȾ˶ĲвƲһɶһǷ˲ǮۿǮɷˣȰҪȥˣɷҹɷǮҺȵĻؼңлǾ߶ɷ򼸾䣬֪ɷ򲻵ִֶһҪˣлɷôǲǸѰ
̫ˣȴһüͷΪִҲǷǳѵģδģ
Цһ֮䣬ȫˡ
վȵʲô
㲻ң
ȻȻǣֻǾܹһ֮
ǵÿ˭
µһЦڵ֪֮󣬱ȥϵ񰲾̶֣߳ǳ̶ڵ֪󣬾СȥϽĶķ⣬ҵʱҲȥˣ˳ѯһ¹лɷ£лɷǷķǮ
ǳ˵ʥľԼķȻΥģȻǩԼǾӦҪǮֻüһЩϢϱ֮⣬ǽлϵɷǷΪɣǩһݻǮԼš֮飬֮˵ȥͷ׬Ǯÿ»һЩǮʣĳȫлϣҲл֮ҵһݹ
𾪲ѣôģ
ƭ
ΪץɷŹһ٣Ȼ顣
ǻ쵰ҲԶ֣ºһôҵҲûҪ飬Ǳǵˣ˵ǻŮˣ˼лô죿ϾҲСˣǵĺָô죿ǸֿΪŮԩģŮ˱øʹģǻ쵰񳥻һصԭһ

մĴָһгһĿڲһԤҲ࣬ȻĻҲȥֵͷͷ
һЦô
յѽʵ֣ɱţ
ҡҡͷˣûа취Ҳܽķͷˡ
޶һۣͬʱǺЦ
ǻ˵´µַȷʵոеЩȣʵЩĵģû뵽ᴦôãʵ£ǿ򲻵ѵģʵûþˣܹһŮ˲ˣܹŮ˳Կ˵ĻͦеģһĪһ׮顣
ҲǸıˣ߳ˣҪıǷǳѵģԼһֱֵôһؼأΪΪǻǸϣ˾ӦΪ˳ʵô򵥡
ա
һϽѧԺҲѾѧˣֶѧûа취£֣ǱˣΪë޻ĳ֣ˣôѧԺĵڶ֮ԱĺӣѧԺ顣
ʴˣϽѧԺѾУˡ
ѧԺлд˿˿˷ܡ
ŽӲһȦȻЩѧǶǳ˷ܣ۵϶ſġһ꼶ѧѧȻ˷ܣǰǶԣʵ̫ңԶǴûΪԼʸ飬꼶ѧͷһظܵĿУвѧѧǣȫµĹϵǾ̫Ҹˡ
ϧûмѩֱȥѩİ칫ңſڣ˵½㲻ڵӣѽ
ɵСĵ˵һ½ˣܵġ
ѵǻȥ½ô
ǵȻᣬΪҲôΪġ

ͻȻſڣλӣСĸǽж
ѽ
飿
գ
ֻòŮӣѩľϲλ͵ضһ£Ǿ⡣
⡪ֲ̫ˡ
һĿɨȥЦܹҺԺڳߵ̽Ǹղ˵Ļȫǵһɶ
ѩĿʦһۣû˹ŮʦҴҵȥ
ͻȻһŮʦſͣ飬ΪʲôҪ뿪
Ҳͣ׷׺ɵĿա
΢΢һЦΪǷƳǿ֮ԺɽӹģΪƳǿԺʲôأ
ǲܷɡ
֪Ϊʲô뿪˰ɣ
֪ˣ
ĸŮʦһƵ˳ȥ
սŸϡ
ѩ򴽣ʱͻȻһƣȻһָָָͻȻ͵ؽŴ
ϣ
ϣϣ
ֻոճŵŮʦĵĴһȡ
մź߳ӺĸһЦǶöɡ
ǣǸճžȻỹпΡ
ѽ㡣
ŮʦԼİ칤ǰװģʰһ£һĳѩʹɫ
ѩǿЦ⣬ʹһĵɫ
ˡ
л
ĸŮʦԼûпĿαͷ˳ȥ
ֽŸϡ
ѩػˣǽŲԶȥ֮󣬲Ű˺һۣЦ滵ƭˡ
մ㵵֪
ѩЦ½ôæпյѧԺ£ҿɶѾ˵ˣոֳɹϽһߣһЭ񰲾ɨϽһΥķ
ߵѩ£Ϣô죿
ѩͷСɶ̸£û˵ô
յûע⡣룬϶˽ϢȥģҵѾѧ߰˰ˡ
ѩ½
ԺǿˡպǺһЦɫԹȻҲǴģΪԺԺһЩµġ
ѩ̴ʲô£
Ҫ̫ˡ
ѩ㶣漴һЦҿġ
յûпıô
ѩţֻҪܹҶÿģǲ֪żٵڼ䣬ҿն㿪ѧ
յôһҪעԼ壬ΪԺҪð¶ԼĻԲһϸԺϣѧϰ˵䣬ѩϵ


1481 ͯ
֤ɽѩƱ磬֪࣬ˣ
ҿɲǸ㿪ЦģԺӦҪԺĽǶȥ⣬ЩʱҪóԺ
š
ѩҲǺĵͷ
ʵЩʦô
ѩЦǶͦģǵҪöˡ
յҲһ㣬Ѿ۲ˣҲ֪ⶼΪ춼һѩЩǰǴྭЩʦĻĻô졣
ѩֵʵһЩҪȥݵʦѧϰǻкܴİ
յɲУǵ̫ˣֻ֪»ܴķ粨̫ðˡ
ѩЩźĵͷ
ֵˣҽһҪ
ѩʵʲô£
յǷ¥㽫԰ųɻ硣
ѩһϲô
յͷӻͳһԼдõԼ㿴ȡ
Լ
ѩһ±ơ
յȻ飬ݻ磬Ȼø͡
ѩȵһгͣ
յǵȻģѵ͸ô
ѩܹ԰ųɻ磬Ҹ˻ҪǮˡ
ЦųɻΪʲô
Ϊʲô
Ȼ׬ǮѽɵѾͷû
ѩգգۣǡǻҪôø̸Ǯֵͦġ
ǵȻҪô⡣ֵⲻ֮ĺ漰ܶ෽棬ϣ˴ʹȥдС˵ӿֳƷ
⵹ǵġѩչһЦȿ
˵ţԼͻȻŶһٹôࣿ
պǺǵûжٵģ鲻ֵǮҲôǮ
У˵㡣
ѩԼһţëʵǩô
£漴ǵдˡ
ѩ΢΢죬㲻˵һˡ
ЦЦôҡ
ѩΣһۣȴ̬
и̾һǲժʱˡ
ѩǳˬԼǩԼı
սӹԼһݣһҪãһԼǷǳشġ
ѩĿźա
Цʱˡ
ѩûϸ룬ϵ£治ȤͻȻʲôƵãʵҲһ˵
㶵ʲô£
ѩԲ˼ҵǱͯѾдˡ
վϲ𣿡
ѩͷýմˣܰҿô
֮Ц
ѩ̽ԼĹİóóһֽųݸա
յȻһȥֻһЩͯ¿˿гж̣ҲͬΪѩܺյ˼Ӱ죬Щƫͯ£һЩǾмǿĵ˼롣
ǳ
սϷЦֻˣҾ׼Լˡ
ѩһתЦҪݵĻ͸Ӻˡ
£˻
ѩͯСϲôǲҲݳɻ磬רŸС
գգۣ漴˷ܵݡ
ѩϲǴӦˡ
ֱ̫ˣմ˸ָģò˶ãͻʵֵġ
Ǽáѩֻ˷ܲѣʵ㿴ʲôֺأ
ѽ˷ϰ죬ֶûáճƬ̣ɴͽаͯ㿴Σ
ͯ
ѩ˼㣬Ȼͷãͽ֡
ò˵һ䣬Ȿͯѡ̫ʱˣΪڳﻮһʵ绢
ϰʱ䣬ģҲ㶺̫ãֶѩ䣬ȻͽѩָؼȥˣȻϸⱾͯѡҪοκ˵Ľ飬ΪоһУĵĵطһӷֵģΪ̫ͯ£ͷûͯ塣ҪӡˢУֻǲܹģΪӡˢԼҹӡˢȫµĴȯ
Ҳý˼ⷽ棬ڷԣǷǳҪģһŦãܹܿýȫضһⶼΪƶ£Ĺҵչ̫Ѹ٣涼һЩϣҲͨھܹܺõֲһ㡣
ʵںУеķչģȴΪȶģб䶯ǰĴȯ񶼻ãд£ǼߣϾûô䶯ˮĴۣϢӿһֱάֵա
ΪоҪһȶӡҪͱһ£˭ҽǮ浽档
ֻҵķչͨԽԽ죬ҲԽԽ󣬺Ϊʱչеҵ
ڴ֮ǰȥԪңԪ̸һˣҪʽ䣬Լ⣬ʽĻΪԪҵĲƵϵȵأӪûʲôǮʵҲΪԪ׼ʱ˴еǮֱӾͲԪҴӪңԪһĽʽƣΪƻôġΪˣԪһصó˼ŰԪҴһҷǳ̵ĴҪǸͽǮġ
ĻջǾԭӡˢֿոӡ棬ֽšī֭ɺݵⲻǺղԪңԪҶѾε⣬Ǿһ죬ϽƻĽУ߶ѾİһˣֿĻҪǷֹӡˢȯǷǳΣյΪ
ԪӦòǺܶУҪԶٵġ
ԪҲ»⣬ҲӦˡ
ȵԪ̸֮󣬴ձʽ⹫ϢȣᷢȫµĴȯףһͭǮһǾͭǮа֡ͭǮһǮʮǮ
˾ҲͦĻҵλΪ̫٣͢ĿǰڴͭгǱôģлңΪҵչ̫죬͢ϣģлңȻͻ̭ó̷͢ջϲңóеλǷǳҪģΪԭʢ־ĵλʵڼִóϵλ
ʽϴĽףͭǮճ
Ϊչó׵ͬʱļֵһֱǣҲǺոôԭ򣬲¾ȥ
ǰĴȯҲãֻ˵Ҳжһµôȯ
Ǹıó׹ֻ˵»ɡ
ȻһϢǽƱĵ
Ǹıó׹
̾˳̡Ĺע
ڹŴóѵľΣϵ󣬴ǮţҪðܴΣյģǴǮ
ӽտʼǽٺܶࡣ


1482 
ڹϢĵڶգһָĸ̾ڽеĹڣһֱǳĹձһЩӵҪһڲ裬ýƨǰŲ硣
С˼ǣССһֽԴһǧǮ
ĺźչʾǿĽƱг𾪺Ͳ˼飬޷һֽ뵽һǧᡣ
Цһǧᡣ
һ¡
Ҳ˵ܹαƱܹװ׻һǧ᣿
յǰװףǻۣðεΣջõģܹα죬Ҳһǧᡣ
֣ЦôαĻҲֲƱˣȯܹеա
Ǯ󷽵ҾðգһǧǮҪʧǺѵģһֽ̫׶ˣһˣҿɾ͵ҵˡ
Цһ㣬ҲǳĿǣȣ˽Ʊ鷳϶еģ޷ʱӵȡǮģҪŻһеǻȷϣȻһᰴʱ磬ʱȷܹ֮ȡǮҲ֪һǧᣬǻҪŪҲûа취
ǣǲʲôƱܹȡǮأǿ϶ܵġΪƾһŽƱûȡǮģҪƾŻԼʼָƵĶգܹȡǮǴǮʱ򣬽ƱͻдǮ˵ǩʼȡǮʱ򣬻бʼָƶԱһڡҲ˵˽ǵĽƱˣҲ޷ȡǮǴһǧߣˣֻรǴŽƱߣˣҲҪκεġ
ȥƱǷ㼫ˡϲ
ǳ㡣յΪʲôǽҪԪʱƳƱΪ֪кܶ೤ĸϣȥϿҪǮ͹ȥģǮķպܴ󣬶ҲҪȵ£ƱԺʱؾܹϽƱװ¡
ֻһǧȥôҪǧô죿֣ͻȻʵ
Цһ£ȥҪһǧʽ𣬹ʴʱδͨһǧǽ϶ῪͨģǷеĽƱҲ޵ģΪȷһ㹻Ǯһε֧
ȥ϶̽ԵģԪң˻ԸͶһȥͶһᣬҲգԪûôǮҪͬ
ǮСʵҪҪǮ
պǺǵ£һǮȡǮ
Ǯ󷽵Ҳ̫һ㡣
ʼǮܹǮһǧ͵ݣҸһǧ㣬˵һǧȥһ˹ȥҲûǮɡҽƱҲҪȡʮǮѡ
ͻȻʵС磬㷽˵еĽƱ޵ģ
ԪڿڵΪԪҲŸտãǮ޵ģ֧޷ɶһġ
ǡһŽƱ
տЦõϲⲻǵһ¥õ˵̸۽Ʊôרҵһ㡣
ЦǸô˵
ɡտЦõ
ǮͻȻգǲƴѽȡ룬ܷƣû
ǺǵС粻ƭҵģ˵Уһ׼С
ܹƣƾһֱᶨźգѾΪ˵У;һУôʲô
ķϣµС磬޶Ƕ٣
յ˵ˡ
ķϣºΪʲôܣ
ЦΪ¹ҵܡ
֣еҲԤһţҪõġ
ķϣ̵Ҳȶһš
Щǿ϶ҪǮȥµģȻƵģǵȻϽ
ҲЩҪõţҪһ£Ҳ׷ԤȻǸһǧᣬǮǺֵǮģҽϵȵҲٹܵ㹻ˡ
ԪΪ֮һڵĻ᲻࣬Ϊ֪ôŽƱҪΪźգԪȻʱۺ񣬵ԪһֱǶһߣһֱ׷ĲƸԴҸźգԼûбҪڣҲԪҵ磬Ҫ棬ν
С磬ΪӦҲŪУôȥˮ·ȥݿǵ·ϣΣոһЩҸ㡣
ԶԶԣͥݵȵضŪϽУȥǱó׿ɾͷˡ
һ仰˹
أֻµģȥ˿ɲ٣ҪܹýƱһǮƣֱҪ̫ˬ
յȥУ⣬Ҳǹⶫ¹شҵ棬Ҫأһա£ݣǲǴʲô
ҿ˿
ǮŴЦûдʲôֻһ˾ѡ
üѾأ
˶ͷ
յΪʲôû˸ң
֣еʱæңֻΪֻͺˡ
շŰ۵У˭Ҳȥһζ

ǮһڽƱľ֮󣬱Ҵ뿪ˣó׵Ĺ˸ı䣬ǵûȥ¿
ܿ죬ֻʣ£Ԫܡպɣľ
С磬ӷŵѴﵽԤƵᡣԪЦ
պǺǵһ·Զһζĸ꣬ǷǳǳϲԵģֻܲȥĻҲȥһأǸһĻҲͻȥˡ
ɣľ΢һˣ˼ǽƱĳ֣ԭֻǶĵ˻ѡȥһԡ
ԪܵҺС㷽˵Ʊĳ־Ϊ˷£֮ǹͼġ
յͷôһҪסһ㣬ҵͳݣһһڶ˼άȥ˼⣬пܵһ٣Ҳܵ㡣
䣬
˭
洫˵飬֣˵Ǹ˵ˡ

˽ƿһƣ֣ʾл˽ȥֽŹϡ
֣Ц˲ţǱˡ
Цûа취˭ǻ飬ֻ¡
ԪܺǺһЦʵ֣磬ô
֣еһ¡
յҴӦ㡣
֣д㵵Ҷûлû˵ʲô£
յ޷ǾһЩǮȥݡ
֣е֪ģ
յ֮Ĺģ֪ģӵ޻ëǲġ
Ƿˡ֣ԵĻϣܹ֮һǧĽƱ
ԪܵҲˡ
յͷû⣬öԴ˱ܡ
֣еͷ

ҡ
ĸ״ˣˡ
˼ګصУʮһյϷ˷ĸʺá
ϷЦŵͷ˰ɣЩ
˼ګͻȻϷ߶ྫ˿񣬲ʵЩ˿˭ģ
Ϸ˵Ǻġ
˼ګɫһЩʲô
ǰ㣬ƸȢǱŮġϷ˺ǺһЦִһԼݸ˼ګ㿴ɡ
˼ګӹһȵҲǮ
Ϸ˺Ǻǵ˭˵ˣѩһ԰οǰۼ׬˲ǮҪдҿ㶼ڼˡ
˼ګ᲻Ǻչġ
Ϸ˺Ǻǵ㻹䣬ЩͬšǼû԰Σÿ찡
˼ګЦһѽˡ


1483 ΢
⸻̹ĵǽƱΪ⽫ıó׹򣬵ͨտɲ̫ĽƱ̫ԶˣĵǴȯ
񳤰ڵİѾϰʹôȯôȯֻһʱ֣ͨջǲԸ⽫ʵʵڵͭǮһŰƴֽţʱƣȯӮ˳յΣ˭֪ȯʱһͭǮм棬ȯʹѾԶԶͭǮ
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ŶĻҲڱγɣǰǹ򣬰յλŵģһʼվͼҪŶӣ㲻źöӣҾͲţܼ򵥣ö֮ϰߣܿźöӡ
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ɣľһ˵ڶһׯ԰Ѿòˡ
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Ŵʮֺ棬ͻȻʵҲȫûа취ǵȥһˡ
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֤ãһ֤Ŵûţնֱ֤ˣԼǲΪŰ


1485 ҪдС˵
ŴΪշǳҲֵȷʵǳʴŴΪտ϶ȥúǣû뵽£ղûȥһת˵ҪȥֽǱ߿Ҫһʱ䡣
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ȻղδûȥӲ죬һҲȥ漰ߣŻȥһˣʵȥĵطҤ
Ҳ˼壿
أһϮȹǲʳ˼̻һʯϣһ˿ȵĿźա
ǳչϵĻֵ֣֣ܹӮˣľԸҲãҲգֹˮΧʦҲǣܶȨҲãũҲգҪͬľս޲ʤȻղ㣬Ҫ۾磬һ治һεġ
˵ʱأԷǳĿ̣Ȼδ룬ͳɹĵ춨˰ܾ֣ǷǳͶ롣
΢΢һۣյȥӵĿ⣬дľֻҲⴽǹལĹ򣬷ܵýƱһ
̧ͷĿ棬ۣĿڲʲôʱôأ
ߵΪ߳࣬īߺڰɡ

ճ˿һۣԸźҪĿֻȥ̵ĻѾԳʦˣұ쵽ɡϧȥ˵ģƱ磬ֻ𵽷ЧԣҪסˣ׼ǵģ֪ô
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һˮŻͷúյϰһ¹ΰɡ
Ϊ࣬棬Ǿֵͦģ˹ȥںߣһ˫ܷܷﺫհ־ò˵ոӹˣǿڵô࣬ȥʲôá
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յǹ˵һֶΣһһѵģϡ

鲻Խŭһ䣬ҲǲԾںռһ£֮һ̾ˣˣҪѵˡ
ȴһޣ˸ָ˷ܵղһֱۣҵģŮ˲ǲܷƢֻҪãͬˣô˵㶼Ƣū澣ūôҲµģµū̫ˣɼʱ¿๦ȥġ
Ŀɿڴ˻׽͸ѽ˵ãпѵ㣬˵
ͻȻعͷȥЦǲǺרҵ
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ֵˣԹȥҿ
Թôһ䣬ĺޣⶼδҪҪȸһӡ
ﲻ֪ںߣػؾôһУϡҲûΪ棬Ҳãӽ»ʱҽ衣
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յֽӽŮӵֶΡҵ˼Ҳ裬һ裬»ҾһרãרŹӣҲǣܵ˵ǽһʵ۵赸
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ϻ˵Ժǳ棬̨˵ʲôԺ涼ܹ
𣿡
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⡪ҲǮ
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׬ٹ᣿ڿЦɣ
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صһ·ֻΧһţЩҲз߷߲ƽҺҪǰߡ
ԭһڵĴձѾ¯ˣĿݣĪڷ¥׼԰αųɻ磬һڽҼ棬ⶼʲôؼᵽһǳҪϢǷ¥ٹӰй԰εĻȨ
û󵽵ģ̫˼飬ݾ£ʲôȨǮûеطˡ
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Щߵǣһ˵ĲɲԼҪȥдģǱȰҪ׬ø࣬дʥ飬Ƕ˲ܹ飬ܹ׬Ǯ˭˵ƾͲܼð
˶ȷдͷֱΪİ
նǷһ˿Цݣȥ·Ȼʳȥ


1486 
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ʵҲһЩ帮ҪǣνȳǲܷԼĶӣʱԣǵǽϿ֣ʱ治Ըﺫա
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ݣտǶۣп
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⻰ůİ˵ų̾һǷ紵ܻδָá
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һά帮̲סˣôæͻȻʡ֪кҪ£ʵˣһֱǳ棬ǻô
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帮ɲΪľô򵥣룬˵ҲãʱһԷԣ²ڣ˵ǲӦҲ첻ɵģңŸ̫ӵ壬ҲܲӦβ˳ˮȨһջǵͷӦ
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Ϣȥ֮Ҳǳģδӣ̫ǰչԼǾǶδͶʰ
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1489 Ҫʧܿʼ
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纫յԤԵǰ㣬һõĻ飬ûûݣеֻãģһЩĳѾڻڼǮӡ
ʵһֱϣרΪǺѵģΪǷᣬǷ⽨ᣬȨϵģһγרͱ͢룬Ʊػṫһּ帮һּ˭
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յͷͻȻϰǲʵ飬ʳȥĳط
üĻרѧϰµĺ֪ʶĻ̶£ֻ²á
ЦҾʧܡǶǷǳ԰ˣҲһ԰ڣ԰Ҳģһֻ뵱Ԫ˧ÿڹ٣ʧһΣжߣж񡣹ʴˣ˾աӽԴҪܣɲȾ֪ˡ
ЦǺǵСӹ⻹డ
յҹ࣬˵Ĺɶġ
ͷģǲ˵ȥģҵҲ뿴ǵ͡
յڴ˷ϰİţɾ͵ͷ˾ˡ
˵ͷ


1490 Ȩʶ

ʦʦ
££һ㣬ɱˤˡ
ֻһۣȵϣһС̫æңŵƤֱ¡
ʦ
ܵһǰͣС˵ģ΢΢
ڿĹ褼һʵΪʦк£
ǰһ漴˷ܵʦʻˣ׼ҵۣҡһҡСǵ֮ɫ
գȴɫȻ
ʱЦһʦ㲻ô
ȴǷʵ£㿪𣿡
ЩʿңҵȻеġ
褵ǲΪѾأ
ҡҿûô롣
Σ̩С˽̩ܳɣ෽ԭ򣬲£ʦҲδȫ͸Եɣʴ˵²ӦմմϲӦ˼ǣΪʲôлñһۣΪʲô»׼һۣһ澿к֮ΪʲôὨôΪʲôֻӦɶǴѧʰ
˵˶٣£û˭ܹһ죬ǵҲǲܵģҪ̤ʵأΪҲǵʱԳдʱӦöԣ˼
գһ񣬵лʦĽ̻壬ѧˡ
Цŵ˵ͷ

׼һۣǴҶϵģΪ̫ӣؼô޿ɺǣһά˵棬˳͢鼮޺ģЩСӡˢδûж٣Ҳ̫ܵʧ
ʵʷҲйɰȨʶģžγʱһЩ˾Ѿ˰Ȩʶֻ˵ûʱҲһǰŻӡˢĳ֣Ǿ˰Ȩʶǰֳ¼ķʽ񣬲κμֵ㳭塷ȥţXģܹٱ
ȻںնȴǷǳҪΪȨֻ֪ʶȨһ֣һҶ֪ʶȨĸôרȻͻˮɣͬʱҲרƳΪƳ۷壬Ļȫ涼ǵһܱ߹ѧϰ֪ʶȨܹƻ÷
Ĺô㣬ǹǺѷչԼǾ˵ʱôõĽʽվھ˵ļϣԼǾ˵ʱõķֻ򣬵ǲ
ңҲдɺո̫ɴ¡
ʲôúȫȨô
ʵ⼸ڣһֱڳﻮһʷԵͻơ
ȵگ֮󣬺̿ʼж
һ㣬ģ֪ʶȨʱ֪ʶȨ鼮ֽδͬ⣬Խ¡ʫʣһѧƷӡˢ鼮ۣΥҪؽ𷣿ء
Ҳǵ͵ĺַȽŪã
Σǹ޵⣬ʮ꣬Ͳپ֪ʶȨ
󣬾ע̱꣬͢ԭ˵ӡˢעᣬǺȴԻе̼Ҷ̱עᡣ
ΪʲôôΪûκ棬ҲɣǰĳУıҲҪǼǣĻҵа˳ɵڽ⣬ĿǰǱû˹ܵģ˲ȡ̱עǱġ
ҺϸעϣԼ벻עһɷһɷ
Ϣһǵˣǿĵ۳Ҿ¥ٱף
ڵĳһЩ죬û뵽ôˣƵãϾڴ֮ǰû⣬ô͢䲼Ǿôġ
ǺΪʲôҪȵ԰εϢ֮ȥǸ顣
԰Ρ鼮˵ĽʣҪ֪ѩдãƲ˶ϵɱ׬ٹᣬֱ񹲷ߣ˺ܲΪʲô԰ܹ׬ôǮıʾͻҡ
ټϻعټתҵҲ̼ˣҲڷ˼Ϊʲôټ˶ǻúãǺôҲһˣǵĴǳ
ϢڡסǳƷܹǮģƷȴ˵ԣδûɷıǶʱ÷ǳίͬʱǶδϣΪǻΪĳ
ҲΪʲôڵ֪Ϣ˵˷ܣ˵Ŀġ

¬ҩ̣
벻ֿ֣һ
е¬ҩʱ֣Ѿ¬ʦԹ̵ϣƷʽҶ
Ц˵ˣһˡ
֣йЦԸԣһˡ
¬ʦ£ֵҲΪ֪ʶȨİɣ
Եͷ䱳ĿʲôһǿԿ϶ģ֪ʶȨʿԣǷǳģңץסᣬɽʿࡣ
֣Ц˵Ļӡˢɡ
ͷ
֣еҲڸ¬̸£ӡˢһֱǷ¥һҶ󣬶ҷ¥Źӡˢü¢ֽīҪ¥ֻǷǳѵġ
еҿɲô¥ĳ鼮ȷ÷ǳãҲ൱һ˲ñǵĳǵֻʺһЩˣǿһЩˣҸҶԺյ˽⣬ǮǺںںȻôһӡ鷽ӡˢܹע£Ǹɽʿ壬ǿȡóɹġ
ͷ֮ɽʿ弸ζںУһҪԭ򣬾ΪӵӡˢƤӶ˵ˣҲֲһŴձң鼮ֽīֻΣؼ۹⣬Ҫ֪ʲôܹóʲôȥⷽ˭ɽʿֻҪܹīֽ֭ţҲǻա
¬ʦԵͷҲΪһԣһ֪ʶȨʿǰָŲ⴫ĹҲʵĸһģΪ鼮һԱܣ鼮ǾǸ˿ģڲһЩģҲûֹܹĺĳ֣ûжǼҵЩģι֮ߣҲֻ䱳ǿգ˲ƹѧӲڲʲô
еԵͷ
֣еǲ֪Ǵô
е㣬Ͼˣǿɲǡ
֣һΪԷɽţĻһǿɽŵʵɽŵҲаɽŽõҲܹӡˢȡóɹ
еǾô˰ɡ


1491 ΪǺ
ַУһڽֵϡ
ݿɿϢɽţԼĴ嶼д㽨Լӡˢǳ֮⣬˶ӡˢ̫ȤǸǶ̱עȤ֪ʶȨֻ˸е˷ܣУ첢ǺܸߡŴһԱĿĺ˵
΢΢֪ʶȨ֮ǰΪʲô˸ӡˢΪҪԣֻҪӡˢһЩ˻ӭ鼮ɣñ˵԰ΡɫȵȣЩȥ֪ʶȨĳ֣Ͳôˣܶ˶д֣ܹбһĺûȥǵÿǮҲֻд¬֣ĴʿʸȾָӡˢ
Ŵʵѵ㲻ǻǵʵɶ
һĨЦʲôʱĹһ㣬Ҿá㿴ǰʱ˶ûмҲһҶ󣬿ʱжٲƸ̽ӴԷ¥Ӱ죬ҵĲƸȴԽԽ࣬ɼǿҲֻܾƸޣгܹޣʴһΪṩһЩ
ŴĥѽҲ˲ͬĵط˰ͲôҶǮԼ׬Ǯȴǡǡ෴ϣ˼ܹ׬ǮҲĳɹ֮
Цҡҡͷ
Ŵѵ˵𣿡
յ˵Ҳ̸϶ԣҷ˵˸ǿҲֻܾǾ仰ʱ˺ͣԭ򡣡
Ŵ΢һԵͷղǸպ䣬ǿҲнգ޼һҶ󣬲ܻúգκﵱʱ㹻İ֣Ҳܻúգֻ˵ץס˻ѡ
̸䣬ǰֻ֣վǰ΢ЦĿǡ
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ġһЦˣɽŶӡˢȤ
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̾˿һ˸㣬˵ϾĵطȥɽôҲ֪һֱв˳ۡˣˣ͵Ƿһɡ
֣ҡҡͷǻˡ
𰡣æ͵һһ飬˰ɡ
֣кǺЦ
ŴЦöӶˣµȻ˵ɣȽȥ
յͷ׼ȥʱһ۵
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աŴתͷһֻһһСƿ֡
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Цѧϰѽ
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պǺһЦ»ѡӡ
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£Ԫܲμ̫ӵ¡ԪܺȻƼԻһСŻһЩ죬һŷԭ̫룬æ
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նҲδԣǰ棬롢Ŵ֣һͬ
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Ŀһɨżɽ
һ˽ǳĬǰĻﻹҪʣԼ˵̫ӵĳ֣Щη壬̫˵
գգ˫ۣƺҲЩԾ۰Ͱ͵Ŀգ˵ǲҲ
ЦЦſģͻȻԪܡ
ԪᣬԲǵȷΪ¶Ϊʲô͢ͻȻҪע̱꣬ҵȲǺס
˷׷׵ͷ
յȻΪǺãȻΪʲô
һӣ͸ź֮ɫ
Ǯ󷽺ɵΪΪǺãǾھͦõġ
ҷ׷׵ͷڿǹҵɵʱ򣬴ҷչܺãκ£Ͳϣκθı䣬ǳϺģҲΪʲô˵ԭһܼ򵥵ӣҪʲôҪ͢ĻΪɷΥΪҲ˵͢һͨǾԶ
ǺΪгߣҪӳԶǡ
Цʮأ
κ㵵˻
յ仰ʹ飬ñ˵ǰǶˮʱҲʹٻͷǲ統ǰ㡣ʵһģڳһĶֵϣһЩˣҶǽַھӣ˴˶ʶ˵һ̳ƻؼңַңã˵ǮңǺ֪ܿǮ󷽣Բԣ
ҵͷл˸
ּ˵ȻأǵĺܶϵȵأһݵİʽַģƶǳǮ󷽼ҵģǻشǮңҪô˵صĵ棬Ҫôͻ˵þƣ˵ǮˣұﶼᵽڣֻǮһҾƷôôƷ˼ǮҵľƣֻǳľƣԳģݵĵҿԼľ˵ǳġ˭ʧ
ȻҵġǮ̵
ԣǮ󷽵ʧǿĵλղͬȻҲһ㲻䣬ʱǵĻȫûа취ǰַھԼƷҶʶǵĿͻһȺʶǵˣҲʶǣΪ˶ԣһҪԼϿͻ̱Ŀġ
̱ʲôڴձѾдƷģһע̱꣬ǵĻ涼ҪԼ̱꣬ñ˵ƣһͻ֬÷ǳǾһס̱ģǻȥѯ̱꣬ķϣ¾ܹƾ̱һȺʶĿͻȺ塣
ҷ׷׵ͷ˴˽ͷӶһСţһߵͷ
ԪͻȻʵ֮ҵҲǳͬһҵȷǳ⣬Ϊʲôע̱Ҫôϣ
̰ҷ׷ĿźգĹ˼ɣֻעһ̱꣬עҲעˣǳ͢ȴҪṩǳϸϣԾҪǿܿء
յȻע̱ǳ͢ģȵע֮󣬳͢񱣻ǣѵҪ͢һ͢Ͳ˽ôһЩȺ֮͢ѵҲҪôǰջô͢˱һΪʵˣѹգΪôǵȻҪṩϸ͢ѽǺģ治֪ΪʲôҪ
ǮѿڵҪ˰
Ԫܺ޲˦һ⣬ĺĺ
նʱ÷ǳ졣
ԭǾ͵ĳ͢Ҫ˰ҪȻҪôϸʲô
ĿһɨȻŶˣ֮ôżĸǺ³˰
ҽǵͷҪ벻ڵĻǻǰʾһôһ˼
յȣ͢ʱû˰뷨ΣУΪҲӦõġ˱ũԹϾģ򵥵ıȷǰ۾ܹ£ȴҪ汸ĻʼҾܹǰĻԼ򵥵ᣬôִôǣУҪóף͢޸·óףǸǰ͢ҪЩ֧ô˰ǲӦõģ
ǡӦõģǲ֪͢˰ǮʵǷǳ΢ģ͢Ҫǵ˰ƨҷţֻкΪ˵ҪҪˡ
յҲ֪͢ҲûоҲɷģ͢Ҳ֪ںѣǮͶȥˣڿ·ʴʱ϶ᣬңҪҲǾϸļ㣬һ˰ɱȡѣң͢˰ֻǵԽԽãΪ͢˰ܹ޽ĵ·޽һϣϣҶԳ͢ҪģǴ˰һֱƵķǳϸ񣬾Ҽ˰յġ
һڸ̷׷׵ͷʾų͢
ʵⶼǹƨֻźգκ˶ţȻƳǱụ̃ʵǹҵģ͢ʲô¢ϣǹҵչôǣԹ˶Ǳ΢ģܳ͢ѹĶҪŴ˿϶ţΨǸһɳģһ棬ܹнգǺڱƶģгֵźΪǺá
ҲΪʲôʼգ֣СŴһ仰û˵ԭΪҲֳ֪Ͻվˡ


1492 ׬Ǯô
飬һСС̱ôļֵô
ȵһȥ̡֮
ʵһֱڹ۲֪ʣȴûжʣССͣˣʵ˲ѽ΢΢һЦʵ£Ϊ֮佻Ҫʲô
˼Ƭ̣ô
ڹУ߾̫ࡢŮ澣˽Ӵ֪
Σ֮䣬Զߣ㡣Ϊ˵öô
˵úܶԣҲЩдġ
˶ԣ͸ˡ֮ҪǷǳһ̣ܼһζԷյ֮Уֲ˸˴򽻵˸Ʒ򽻵ΪҲûÿ˽нΣмҪĿҲҪȥ˽Σ˿صƷȻƷûȥ˵ĳţñ˵ȥϣأһصңŷֻأô»ػȥô
ҡСԴ
յеΣ˵ֱм仹һ׶һƷ߼Ʒ̱ڽһжڣŲûйϵҸǷ¥˶ûм棬εķ¥Ƿ¥ˮǷ¥ֽš
¥ƳʲôµƷôЩһһʱǰģˣҷ¥ûе棬Ѿȥˣʱҷ¥ȥ棬ҲкܶĽ˵̱ļֵ󲻴̱ʵһ˫нҪ̱꣬һǳѵḶ́ҪƻĻֻ赩Ϧһʲôʧ̱꽫ᱻҲǷǳѵģΪ͢ԣȻϣ˶ܹòƷڳ͢ҲǷǳġ
ôһ˵ұˡСԴʵ˰أЩΪʲôô½˰УȻ˵˰綼ҪյģΪʲôڣ
ЦΪʲô½˰һ㣬ΪǰҴûʲô˰װ׶ཻһЩǮ˭ҲԸġΣȥ˰ǳ͢˵ɶپͽɶ٣˵ȥǵǷܵ𣬹ʴ̸˰еǳ¡
ҲΪʲôڲɵԭģ˰϶ǵ˵£ÿڽ˰յʱῪĵģʴ˰һŷǳӵѧʡʥ棬˵κγǾбʣӹ޵Ǽ鳼ǵȥʵؼ˰棬˰̫࣬°ո𣬵ǳֱ͢Ȱս˰˺Ĳбʡ
ΪʲôҴܹĺƽΪ۵˰մδйκα䶯ʴˣһҪס˰ʱһǰףڲ˰ΪһòһױȽ˰
Ȼ˵ĻǾͲҪģͺô
ЦΪ£ֹǰ˷ΪóվҲ˰ȻҲı䡣
βһ˰أ
յʵķǳãӹǽھ棬㵽˸նأôýɶ˰գʵ㣬Ҳֳһһе˰նǽ֮ϵģӹҲģƾġ˰ͱȽϸһ㣬Ϊ˵Ǯģʴ˰ҲӦøģ׬öͽɵĶ࣬׬٣ͽɵ٣Ҫһ׸˰ǷǳѵģÿȥһΣúķѶӦҲӴʽ˵һX˰վYYӦøXӶӣٶ٣ζʽ
ƶǶСüͷ
ЦǲòǺܶ
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Ͷˣյ£ʵЩ±Ӧѧģ֮˵ҲֻһӡҲڽĳһ죬һЩ£ͻᶸȻ׹£ͻСҪȥʮ˰ͨо仰ô˵ţϣѧϣԶѧģ㲻ҪԼʲôѹˣһҪף벻׾ͲҪȥ룬Ȼͻ׵ġ
ϲĵͷˡ
ЦѵһˣҪҴȥ䡣
ð
ʱϲѡ
һСеɫհһ䣬Ȼȥˡ
棬һ˶ͯаźʶģ·һжеǳ档
ףôôˣҲȥɡͻȻָһϽǵһС䡣
նۿȥֻһȺΧĵǲǮôվʲôǵߣǹȥ
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ֱǮ
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ԽԽͿˣ㵽˵ʲô
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̱껹Ҫƣ
ǮҡҡͷҲ˵ţȴա
ȻʧЦȥɡ
վĶһЩոճĴ̣ǸΧۣѯʣҲ˶ѣΪǸոմ̱ǷŪɣպÿ̱ģ͹ǰΪǺյĵꡣ
Щ̼ˣ׷óһ
ֻһǳСĵ棬һڣ͸ŴڷһһŮеʮңŮĹֻжʮȥӦǷġ
飬μ顣
ƺʶգúڣæеһ񣬿ַվЩ죬׼ȥ
ͷˣֹ̧ҷ¥һ̱ġ

Է򸾽һ㵵Ŀźա
տ˿ӣûд̱ġ
ڨڨĸںǰŪ
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˵ʵҲܵͨܵſС꣬ҪСơ
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˶ͷǺһڵءĻֻ̱֣ͨҪһģϵȵҪһǮҪرҪ󣬾ҪǮһҪ֧һɵĶ֮졣
һֹžһ˼ôǷôȥ١
յһϵȵİɣҪܷ̰һ
˵ͷܵģܵġ
˵ţ߹ĥīëһŰֽϻ˼ʣÿһʺỻһֻʣȻ󽻸㺫գ飬ˡ
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յǮ㻭ҿ
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̵ʵһʦ׸游ѧգ񿴵ͨܵӣǻǳȤ֮ҲǷǳʵģǲڼǱоǰų͢Ҫע̱꣬ǲӾѰ˼м꣬ר̱꣬ƽʱϰʱ򣬾÷¥Ϊزġ
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ǮǶɵˣֵһǮǮδҲ̫׬ˡ
飬֪ʲô
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ҲСԴֽſ˰죬Ƶ⻭ͦ򵥵ģûʲô֮
Ц£ɲ򵥣һٱʻһɽˮʻһɽˮ˭ѣʵ򵥵Ļѻġ⻭Ȼ򵥣һͿһֱչ߷ɵԱҲм֮⣬Ҽ˺üǣǷ¥Ļһ񣬿ȥӦʰ쵵ġ⣬Ƿ¥Ҳպ֣硢СơˮԼֽīӡˢ˵ţʵλ磬û˵ɡ
æûûһ۾Ϳˡ
벻ô򵥵ļоȻô˼
Ц̱̱꣬һҪˣҲʧУ˲һ۾ͼס̫ˣ˭ܹסڿ˿˶ͷۣһҪ˴пҵĻ;⼸һǮʵˡ
ԭôѧʣһΪдȥˡ
ǮʵС磬Ĵ̱ꡣ
յͷûµĻˡ˵ţֳֵллˡ
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뿪Ⱥ֮ʵ飬˵ôô
Ц£˵ĿҪˣһţŬһ㣬֮Ϊһָĸ̡
O죬͵ƾ⼸ʻ
յͷƾ⼸ʣƷ棬ӣǶ١ҲѧƳģ߾֮ͶŮǹǼҪҪвܡҵ£ҲӦҴǶôΰһǿĹң̵ܹյ㿴̱Ϣųգ̱ˡ


1493 иͰ
ûпЦ̱ȥɣľȫʹ̱꣬ʵļʶܹøһЩƫƫϲ̱꣬Ϊڵ
ܶ£¸еοܹض̵ʱڣĲ׽е̻Ҹʵ˵ҵǻѾԣһǿĹңǿں̵ܶʱ䣬һеҲ㲻ˣҲ㲻ˣһ̸ʲôǿ
ŷ¥ȫµ̱꣬Ҳ֪ʶȨ˶˸߷塣
ǿʼ˼Լ̱꣬ƣԼƣ˷ܣȫضԿԼ̱Ʒʵ̫˼ˡ
Ҳӭ˽ΪæʱڣΪ̱עᣬ̱껹ֻһͷҪ˵̫ˣ𵱳мšɽעʱһĻ˶ǰ̨תǷǳģΪʲôЩĻ˲ϳ棬Ϊ˵ıԼǹ壬̫ˣż꣬ǵ˼ת࣬Ϊ˵ǿӮ˰յĿڱΪ˴˾ҵλûص̫ˣǺܸм˵ģŮˡ
ȻһЩ˳棬һܳ棬ֻǷſһЩҲҪǮ׬ôǮȴԴãⲻɵô
Ҳȡ˻˵ļڣȫԸִԺһЩƷԺʿæȻ漰ֻһЩ£ʿڵĿǳƣƷԺʿ̫ҸˣֵõĻᣬǻڵȿȱ
ʵЩƷԺʿˣһʱҵչ̫죬̫Ѹˣڲ淶ĻҪ淶͸ˣʵҲΪһҵı¼ʵĻ
ᣬҲȫѡûһҶԵģ໥ϣСҲǸһ¥ΪùҪǮǲ٣ǳֻҵδչҲðͶ̫ʽˣôͿԼСһЩѹң纫յԣôϣҲ͵ġ
⣬仹ӡˢһԴޡ¬֣Ϊ׵ɽųڶΤᡢѦΪ׵Ĺй塣ڣɽžǸɽţֳֻһӼţмŲδ룬ΪԪҶһû̫ȤԪ棬ĻϵӰ죬ĿͦģҲԸͷǹмŵͷϴǲ룬мԱȻҲգ˳
ϢһЩ뷨ˣ̴⣬ĿǰԣϷ¥⣬һҲֻҡ
ܼ򵥣ʿ⼸ˣôߣǽ˼ҳ飬ѡ϶ңֱƷֵǱ߻һ¥Ҳûʲôˣ罫ǮͶ棬ӡˢصҲȽϾáʵҲЩܹΪҪģҪ۹ģû۹⣬پ١
ӡˢҵᱻ¢ϣô϶һʣ϶ҪڻˣΪҼһǿǰĸߣʵҲǷǳǿģ˭ҵǵ飬ǲôҲܹܿĽ֪ʶƷ˼룬ռȥ˼룬ôĿֻԽԽ١
Ϊ廹Ƿǳ׵ģ˼ⷽ浹ǵ춨һǳûĵ¹ۻеģ͢塢ʿ򶼾ĳΪǿɳܵģôҲͲôʵĵҲһ
עĵ죬Ǿ͸¥ǩīˮֽŵĹӦԼնԴǷǳˬ죬ҸǷǳ͵ļǮΪӺյӡˢ鼮ܹ׬ǮĿϣ֪ʶȨض¢ӡˢҵԷǳѸٵռ֪ʶȨ
ȻǳдʼδģҪ֪͢һֱǳ۵ģһۣҲӵһ֣͢ôܲעӡˢ
á
Τ˼ǫס¬졢աڡ帮ҪС
ڵҸλǰһһ£ǲǿԳ͢忪һӡˢ
¬üʵ֪ΪҪô
ڵɺĹݵĴѧʿģӡˢרΪйԱ£Լ鼮ȵȡҲһֱΪ͢ӦӵһڴձıֽΪãðܹʱ֪͢һЩߣǽձ˵
΢΢ü粻ᣬᣬƫƫʱᣬԭֻһΪɽź͹йȾָӡˢԸۣϣó͢ѹ
¬վҡͷǲ޳ôһ͢ҪôǾҪ⽫ƻҴһֱߡ
ڵ¬δԹʵˣӡˢѣжϷδӯϷֻΪ͢Ӧһӡˢ
¬˷Ƕٵ⣬һڣͻоȵȡ
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ҲҵĴͳ˼롣
֪棬Ϊõ˼룬йʷȤһ㣬һȡǰĽѵ峯͢൱ǮƳܹҪǼ̳峯͢ĲƸ۳꣬ö죬Ǯ˰ʴ༸ʵΪأ
Τ˼ǫȻվ¬ߵģ帮ȻվߵģױΪ͢ô϶ҲʡӰҲǷǳģͬʱ帮վһȥ
ʴˣҵĿȻļںϣǶȶҪǮģûлͷ˭Ǯӡˢ鼮յǷǳؼġ
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һǻɽҰļӸУһظյĸоǹ񹤡
ȫܲգЩУȻɣûһ˿Υ͸УܱǧϵĻ䣬ʯ̳ɵС·деĲݵ£̨ͤ¥󣬳عˮ鿣ӳɴ֮Уɽʯƾƶ˵һɽˮ
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ׯ԰ҪɫȪȪˮ
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תһȦڣƳһ񣬷ǳǿſڵλϣһ·Ϊ涼δװ꣬ʴ˿ʲôŵĽ񣬺շǳϲǳأɽΪһ塣
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ٿɣ
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ʵݶϰ޽ׯ԰ǱһŸжģнգȫΪգܹΪսׯ԰һңʲôõŪӾصʯͷǶǧѡģɣľǮҲǳˬ죬ֻǿȥضѡ
ΪסңéȷʵǳҲûô˼Ŀéһﲻ
ܶϼһﲻСʵǲǾéʲô⣬㾡˵
յûЩ㵹δ
ݶ㶣רŵĹ滮ÿЩȥϵģֱӵˣֲǳֲ˳ȥһҲǼ׵ģ͡û˵˼ҲǳԣɽҰģ㰮͵
룬㵹Ļһܱ߶ȥ˼취ֻһ
ݶϵʲô취
ˮͰ
ˮͰ
յͷéȲҪһС


1494 Ź
ʵˮͰԭǺѣҪǲϷ治֪ܹܲ㣬ˣҲδˮͰΪݵʱæ˭пЩ֮󣬶ָ˶ԣҲ࣬ΪǷ꣬˾ͻܴ̼ҵ棬һ㶼оԼļƻйЩһֱһƷ̫׷ˡ
ֱȷʵЩ̫㣬뵽ˮͰ
ҪǲϷ棬һ뵽մɣ˴пȥǱȡ
Ӳ˴գǾ뿪ˣɣľСҰֱӻسȥȥԪұ
үˡ
ڼ𣿡
Ŷڻ԰
Сæȥɡ
԰ſڣĿɨȥûзԱϲһϤӰͤһλٸдʲôȻֻԶԶȥȻǱӰһ˫޳˫ѾԵ
дʲô
Ԫĵ

ԪĵһһŭĻعͷȥһǺգŭʱΪΣдʲôдһˡ
ⷽ棬ʹˡ֮ģҲһЦǰȥһַֻǳ˳ȻԪĵϸ֫
Ԫĵü壬Ť¡δڣһдʲôһԼ
Ԫĵﲻ֪СҲ޿κΣҴ֮һ֮
Բ֮
Ԫĵ޻ɻ𣬹ʴƷ֯κλ磬ˣȻû⣬һ붬ˣͦ鷳ģ㣬ܻҴ֮һ޻סӣ·棬ԱӦö㹻·
ӦˡԵͷû뵽⣬ǳ֪֮ĽЩɣľȥ
Ԫĵôпǻͦ𣿡
Ц˵䲻̫Ӧ˵ĻһÿǵԱ⣬æˡ
ԪĵԵͷ˵Ҳ֣ҹĻԪһҵһԪǣǷĲ£ȴ˵žͷţѵ㲻µ͵Ūô
յΪҰ˼ලǡ
ô
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յͷ㿴һߣĻֱŴ´ҶȥЩ˽͵ģʵ˵£Ҿû˿ԸôȻҲǣҸЩô˵ˣôŴȻҲϹ䣬żҲסʱҸ״ҶԴҪɲã͵ߣɸһʷĲƸ㰲꣬ǶһҲٶƬ̡
Ԫĵ˼ĵͷֵأ
յɣľæȣг仯ҿԾܹодҲ᷸ĴǣûǮʱɣľǮʡŷȥˣʽԣˣǮҲһˣҳԺúȺþˣҪôǮʲô
ԪĵƬ̣ܾ⻰̫ԣҲ˵һȻ
Цÿÿ˵·߱Ҫһһ˲ڣĻ¥ûнɹ
Ԫĵңһǰᣬ˲̫ںǮ
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ճƬ̣˵ò㣬ҵչĹ죬ܶණϡ
ԪĵѾԤƵأ
յ˵ԤƵˣһжһƶģҲδиκơ
ԪĵΪʲô
յΪг̫ȫһЩ΢΢ҵķչڳƶֻһ㣬͵ٿ죬ƶԣһ㣬κδ⣬Ϊг̫ʹһʧܣܹܿվ
ԪĵҲԣģǶЩ˶ԣȴԵЩģ˲ʵ̫ˣҲΪʲôϻټ˻ȡôĳɹҲӦ֪ΪҶȱʶֵ˲ţû˭Ը⻨ôǮЩټ¡
Ц֪˲Ҫһ̵ģ˵ǣ񷸴ͷģڴǷǳģôлһ˴ӴվģݴķΧԽԽСǷôҲԽԽ٣֮ҵǰ޺õġ
Ԫĵü˼ţۣϣܹóʮɵȥɡ˲ţ棬Ҳ⣬ټǴЩʳҴ˿ڱͲ࣬Ҫ㷢չȥ˳ڳд󳼷ìܵģ֪ĺ𣿡
Цĳ⣬ô⽫ڵõ
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һۣҸϳȥɣһûܾ
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յڿʧһ˵ãܴ˯лҪ
ʲô⻰˵ڣԪĵͷӦ˹죬ݺݶһ½ţ´߼

һҲգЦȥ
ǵʱȫ⵵ˣҲźѪͳҸĸܸߣ˳ر죬Ҳұǣڴ֣ò֡
ҹԪĵںջ΢΢Щ
һ㣬ḧԪĵ񱳣ʵˣ̱£Ԫôģ
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յͷ⵹Ҳǡ
ԪĵֵôҴͽġ
ȻԪĵǺз磬ʵҲ̫ߵĲҵֻ±˶ҪһЩʴҲͷ˵á
ԪĵͻȻ淺ԥ֮ɫƬ̣ŵڸָɵûðɡ
ЦӦ˵ĹӢ¼
ԪĵͻȻ̧ͷźյҶ˵ˣ԰յʱҲܹñκһ˶ҪãҲΪԸһ漰Ȩĸԣǲģ㻹Сİһ㣬ǵˣǰǰˡ
Цģǰǰ֡
ţ
ԪĵȥĿ⡣
ЦΪ֪ˡͷ۵Ļǣ֪Ĵڡ
ԪĵͻȻһĨаЦݣҰĪˣңʵܴҲͦġ
ͷһ͸ˣҾ㷢ڶ


1495 Ƽľ
ҲԪĵںյʣΪµȷЩУæµʱѡݼ٣һҲˣæͨﵩȴ̸۷¡
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Ϊǧ֮УٺежٲҲˣܵһУָһǿŶӡǿŶӲҪǾӢҪĵطȫûκβܣҲԡ
ںյܱŴССüŶӣͺһ仨ǻ٣ÿһƬ궼һģŶǶӣӢǳ٣·ϣҲ˶࿴һ۵ģǾӢĻͳɳ޼ˣ˴ҶϰԺŶӣɣľƹŷ¥еκᵽ¥ֻ뵽գ뵽ɣľǾ͸ӲҪˣΪһ˵ĹͣʵٵȥʲôʱҲСָСҰ
һǶԵģԪĵͱöֻ࣬˵ÿ˵磬ÿ˵ľźܴĹϵ
ԪҸԪĵգմźسȥˣźԪգԪϾԪʮ˺󣬻ûиģϧǣԪһֱûлҲû֪ȥءףԪղ뱻ǹţʴ˾͸ɴʧܶܲˡ
Сˡ
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ѶĹ٣ټ˵ķ粨УȻҲܵСӰ죬һ֪ʶȨܶ˶Ժոж£Ϊ֪ʶȨʱˣȫˣˣΪ˴ƸĽȦȻŷ츲صĸı䡣
ЦǺǵûа취˹ټˣܵΪǴһ棬Ϳȥˡ
£ǺЦ⻰ǹ죬ϸһ£ûëָźյĵǽںڰ֮䣬˵ͷǣҡͷҲǡ
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һ㶣ЦŮôǮϷ򻹷ų׬Ǯô
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ʱ֣еԺһ㶼Ͼ֮ʱԺԺ෴Ƿǳصģֻ˵Ժһо𲻴пյʱ硢ЩƷԺʿ̸Ƕϲѧоġ
æ֮Уյˣ֪кҪ·ԸˣһĨȣЦʵ
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ЦʱϣܹöλܵǶôĿԺ
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ҪϷΪɱ̫һ㣬гУϾҲֻܹгڲĻɾ˶ҪڸҲϷΪռһֱùѧԺľƷԺʿ취һµ÷ʽȡ˲Ľչ
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ԽԽԺĿ
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ԺԺ
Ǽˣͣ
յǼ

ֻеĲЩƤģñ˵֣Ķľͷ֣Ҫ˻֡
㵱һЩѧ۽̸Ƕˣǲܼ׼ȷ˶켣
ʵһֱƴװãֻ˵ȱʽ㣬Ҫ׼ǾҪȽϾȷļ㡣
ֵĲֲҪӱأ޷ģҲҲûǱ߷㣬ֵúķѲȥ
յͷ
ȻȴǱԭǲҪصĶ࣬һ۾;ȥҪһЩ˵ûΥ͸УΪģǾгʱʵģڵȥͦΥ͵ģ룬ΪܱߵĹҵЩϣҪ׼ĿǰֻпǽˮģУ֮󻹵ÿȥĥǷǳģҪǿ϶ϵģҼ۸ҲɼƼҲʱľԣȽĲһõģʵĲõġ
ͻȻЬˣߣӡ
羪ȵʲô
ЦǺǵòãò֪
Ҫأ
պߵ˲ǣ飬ɱˣҵĿұ졣


1496 һȺֲ
꣡꣡
˵תֻһÿˮ档
֮ˡ
ճվˮ棬һ߲ʽһ߻ԳǵôҲЦ
ʵҲǺڲͬĵطҲΪˣЩƷԺʿûʲôңΪҶһ˵ҲǷǳ㡣
ΧˮתһȦ֮󣬺ճˮǳĨĨ
æʵСΪΣ
ǳãǿеġ
ĵͷ
һɾƷԺʿ׷¶ϲ֮ɫֻǸзܲУÿգ˵УǾһУô򵥡
˵ʵûôɡ㣬ЧҲûôߣΪľͷҪһЩģ۱ˣ౶ƾһ㣬ѾǷǳˣڸһеĲ㣬˭úȥѽֵззҪɳƷ˵Ʒ⻹Ҫϸһ˵װգͣҲܹ˷ѡоÿȷݡ
һԵľƷԺʿֱͷʾԼסˡ
ȴһۣ˸һ˿˿ǡ
նҲδ˵ʲôϾ˶ӣЩ²̸
վЩƷԺʿһҲһЩ飬ЩǿģΪյ֪ʶǳԽǧģܹõĵ㲦һˡ
ǽ֮󣬺ȥϴϴصԺĴá
ˣôһ䣬һʵ
˵ݣʱһ󣬵˵Ҳ֣ͻȻڿЩ´ҹ˯⻹ֹùѧԺĹǰһЩֵֹߡ
ֵˣҽͼֽ
СӹһţЦЦ𣿴ȥ
Ǻǵѵڻ˵ô֪㵱ȥˮһкܴĹϵ
Ц̫ʷǸ߿ˣոˮѣˮʲôܡ
˼ĵطǣûԣҲѯʣͻȻʲôƵãŶ쳤е鷳
üʲô˼
ԴԺ֮ڷŪʱʱɢһɴ̱ǵζ˶Դ˸еҲȥ̸ȴ˵ôġ
ʲôʱôأдߣȥҽѧԺǱ߿
ҽѧԺȻԺڣŵһɹ졢̱ǵζ
¹ټ飬飬̫ʷ
ҽѧԺЩƷԺʿˣ̹еһ񣬵϶һЩ
նҲûʵ쳤أ
ЩƷԺʿ鲻ԽһüͷָŶһשɵӵԺʿһֱǱߵ
úøɣ
յͷǱߵȥ
䣡
˸Ǽǰúһ죬ȻǺܴ󣬵ŵһ֨ѽһŴһŨӿһɼһӰײײĳϣϣǺˣǺˡ
ü쳤ڸʲô
¹ڡ飿쳤ͻȻվǰɵһ
տһڵ쳤ãȻ쳤㾿ڸʲô
쳤㵵ǺԸ¹˵ҩô
յҩ̱ǵѵƵҩô
쳤ڨڨǵģ⡪Ϊ¹ʧˡ˵棬ԽСͷȥ
յܹɹǾйˣ֮ûݣ˭ϵġϣǸҩĻȥҩǸ֮¡
һҲô˵Ҳõ¯ҩȡ˲Сͻơ
ǡ𣿡ڨڨһЦ֪е־˼㣬ȴΪȻΪⶫȫǽֶպһ𣬿ᷢʲôѧӦûκۻȫƾž飬ɹ̫ˡ
쳤ͻȻ̧ͷǰ֮¹Ҳжţ¹棬ҲԼ֮¹ٶݵġ˵棬ɫȻ
羪쳤˼ҲһҩˣҲҸ˼Ტۡ
յʲôݣó
¹
պߵҵҪʲôݡ
˱쳤ȥôΪשģûУ͸ڣǶûŻĿܣҲûеģȻԱûУɢ˾ûˡ
쳤źԼĹңֻȫһչޣССԼ֮⣬һЩҩɫʯͷ
λ飬̫ʷԵһ¡
쳤Ĵ˼£һ飬ЩСоһЩϡСΪﶼ϶ɵģǿǧ򻯵ģ㿴ܶľȻ̬һҩЧȴ֮ͬ˵ͬʣһζҩĳһֲֻ֢һʷҩЧܹǾҩЧܹڵЩҩҩЧ̫̫Сһ㡣Сǰ;һЩľҩЩǳЧҼȻﶼ϶ɵģôͬһ𣬾ͿܻϳµʣµʿܾͻᷢЧ
硢òԵͷе
΢Ŀ쳤ȻһǻѧӸУһЩѧʽǺܹ׵ģһʽ漰ѧȾɫֻõöǷӣõö֮ĻѧӦ
ڲ鿴ʱ쳤ºտһԱ߽ͣ˵ûûˡ
ɫƺ⻯ѧӦǳȤЦ˼ѧϰҽҪǿҽ飬оҩҩԣоǴһ
쳤¹׾ȾزҶ˵¹ٻ˶ã¹ٺǿְ취Լҽõģ¹һֱΪְ취ǿеġ
յǷűըʱͲô
쳤ٺٵ¹ٴСýڻһשɵСݣſڣĹУС˶С۲죬жС˾ͿܳȥҲܵ˺
ã
ûдãΪζ̫ˣ֮󣬺վ͵쳤еҽѧԺǰĿյϡ
֪֪Ժ˶еʵ
쳤Ϊ¹ҩкιϵ
Ұ·ӳӷǳ߰ΪܶжβĲȴԼԼҽˣʴ˲̫Ⱥ
յҲÿǱ˵ĸܰ
쳤͵͵ƳۺգҪ¹ôΨºգΪյѧֲ̫ˡ
ôᡣһִļϣ˲ţôøߣ˵ʵҷǳͬһ׷
𣿡쳤ϲѣ飬ʵСж¹٣Ϊ¹پһʿֻһЩаǵһ¹ٵġ
յû۹⡣
쳤һĵͷԴͬ
ֵҲÿǵ˵ĸܡ
쳤գգۣ֪˼
յҳǮһרҩӣΪṩʽ⣬ʵҶⷽҲһЩ˽⣬ʱһЩ㡣
쳤ȵ㡪㡪
յȻΪΪʲôͬҲ̫ˣӣüŬ
ǣ쳤ͷ¹һṼȴ͸һ˿ɣźջЩ֪ʶΪʮͨϵоŵģһУôᣬô๦ȥЩЩҪʱĻۡ
Ҳû˵ʲôϾЩѧ֪ʶֲġڴ֮ǰͲҪټúһԼϡ
ǣ¹֪ˡ쳤ͷ
Уȥæɡ
¹ٸˡ
쳤ߺ󣬺ͻȻ뵽һֲţ硢ȥˣ뿴ڸʲôݵСԺڣ׼ʱ洫һεŮݣݣ㡪ܱܲô졣ǳ
յȻרŰŽˮǸСŮ澡
ݺٺЦУȳҲϢһ¡
죿⡪ʲôǴʧɫѰ˼Լǲǵʮֺ棬ôܻᰮ־˶Ƭ̣ǵÿףվ
洫˭ѽ
ҡ
顣
һ󼱴ٵĽŲƬ̼䣬žʹֻСվſڣеһ񣬵С顣
մһС䣬װ룬ͷûһң룬ô˰ɣѵҲ´ô
ʱҲƵ߳˫Ŀݼ顣
ռװҲǳ룬һʲôûôʹÿˣǷڸʲô
أһľګźա
С̵غĻū澷ˮһ
ˮһһʲôô
С俴ݡ
ݵ˵ͷ
ڣֻϰڷһǳرͭˮһҪСˣһգϻһС裬СӦͭ׵ģ𶼻û𣬵⻹ûʲôصģصľǺǣľͷģȥһľһͭƬһ飬һ˻һһҡһİ档
յô棿
ݿС䡣
СæغĻֻҪˮˣҡһͻԶת
𣿡Ŀ⼱ơ
ǡ
С伱æһӽǻˮ档
Ҳ˺ԣɲϲվڣһɵЦĿСˮ
һˮڿˡ
ֻ΢΢˼£Ȼһ塣
Ŷ
գۣԭľʵĺ滹ͭƬΧһȦߴʱˮƿ֮ȻͭƬ߿϶Сף϶а̶ۣסǣߡ
һĻˡ
ǲϵʱҲʹ˻תһİ֣һԼ
Сǡն֪˵ЩʲôǺˣһС佫賷ͻȻ׷˵ʲôˣ϶Ƿһת̫죬СϣݽЦ⻹Ȥ
ݺǺЦš
ô뵽ģʵ
ݵȥˮһҿˮ֮ǺͨͨǺǿǲѽſɶˮȻܹҾˮܹܲƶСԼߡ
СһЦҲԼøë¶ӷġ
Ǻƫƫ͵ָǰСˮôˮСˮһأ
ŶһһˮСĻžͲҪ·ˣϧûгɹװֻ棬Ū̫Ļͻкܶ⣬˶ɣΧСûƣ⣬ϳʱ㣬ʱ򣬾ͷǳСˡˮһҿСҷ·ͦģҾϧС˵Ҫ̿ͦǮģԡҲֻ档
յͷΪˮܹСԼô
ɢĿͻȻüһԣֻҪ㹻ˮǶصĳֻܹһûһð취˵գһЩйǡ
ʵʲô
ݵǺܶණܹЩ岮ȴ
ЦҪżܻа취ģҿɵˮС
ݶʱתͷȥ㲻ô
գգۣСڰԼġ
ݵͷ
ΪΪôֻԼøһЩѡ
Щõģ㣬㷢뵽ԼûиָëûҪģˣһܿ˰ɡ
˼ãֻô
һûҸǮ̼𣿡
գգۣˣٰһô
һ˻˵ţֵѽδȥô򣬻ҵ˰㽫ͼֽңԼˣ˵øʩƵá
⵹ǵġ
ǳ˿


1497 ͬģϽ
ƫڻʼͼĴԺڣѧԺУʳĿ飬ֳһƬա
ȻӰԺУա硢˳ϣҲû߹ȥ´ǿ飬ϾϾҪˡ
Цʱ鼮׷ģѧ鼮Ѿ鼮
ʵǹڽʦʸ֤ʸ֤鼮
ͷ׷ģԶԶʤ鼮
һЦ
ͻȻˣм²Ǹ˵ˡ
ʲô£յ
ǹԺľ⣬ľѾˣ϶ѾӦˡ
пҲûйãҲû뵽ԭзôҪǮġ
ɲֶܹλзⶫҪǮѾԤϵ־Ѳ󡣡յͷȵȥ֮ͻתһЩ
˵أ
£ûС
ɵأ¿ɴСʷ̨ȨĿΤ˼ǫһֱǷǳעΪ˰ռĶأͱ淢ȥˡ
Ҳϵ֮²ڣҿǵȥڡΤ˼ǫһ£Ļʱ浽ȥ㶼ûȥ½͡
˾֪⳯նý¡
ʵҲһЩڣҪúһЩΪ֧ߣβڣЩ¾ͲòˡȥĻһӦġ
㲻ȥĻǿ϶ģǶôȻûԤҪһ࣬浽ȥֻ±Ҳƫǡ
üλ֮һῼǵġ

ô˵һջǷǳ⣬û뵽ôȤ顣
ܶ˵ǵʱϵѡŷޣѡʵȻйʷϴӲȱƼţֻǴδγɹһϵƼйĴͳ£ҲֻʴÿƼžͬǰ㻮ֻʷ΢һʣʵǺƼҪˣй˲ƴķʷѰЩѧңʵŴѧʷϵļǷǳٵġ
ʴˣݡ쳤ּų֣δúոоκ⣬ΪӦõģϻкܶţֻҪսѧƲһ㣬ѧŶ£ҲΪʲôôྫѧʲôû̫壬Ϊγɲһϵ
һγϵͲҪȥȻôͺݿʼȤǱȻġ
֪ĿģȻҲ֪һЩԭǺʱȥָݣϣԼȥоø˲ۼҵǻۣȥγһƼΪ漰֪ܶʶоͬʱͻָᷢۡ⣬ǹҵ滹ЩϣⶼҪʱġ
ջصǰʱ춼ѾδŽţվſ

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΢΢һЦܿͻϰķʽ˵ţǰ
һЦƣ̬ʧӰ٣еֻҸסյ֣µЦ⻰ĪҪˣЩ˵ҡ
յ㻹
µһֱѽǣҲҪӡ
ݵʱ򡣡ղп
㶣ͻȻӦߵ㻹˼˵ݣҵһӣ߶£ǻȴĳЦ
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䣬ǰ˵ԭ㻹֪ĸְ
嶶һ£վŵ񣬡
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յ˵ԼڼϴԸŮ֮ѵĳƺš
պǺЦţЪɡ
ĹϣҡҡźգͻȻҪٴҼУ
յʲôֻǣֻһС˶ѣϺҵĳҪȺĳҪˣһвһһֻŴϲȹȥ
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տЦõҡҡͷ룬δұˣ㻹ܺùǵġ
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յ˵ˣȥܱӲȥˡ
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еԵͷ
·²豭ɫõ飬ҷش⣬һǮ
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Եͷǻһأ
µЩ񷨶Ůƣ㿴ȥ֮ģǳǽũһЩɢЩͥǼģû編ԼǣִľͱȽ٣Ϊǵ編׼ǳ񹤣ǶˣҲΪѧԺ฾Ůȥ֮飬Ϊ˶ܹѧԺ顣
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ճƬ̣ҲҪǸ֣Ҳܹ֪ǸܹЩʲô
µܹȥЩѾŮˣ֮еģȻô˿ɾͲһأϾŮ˵ĵλ΢ңܶ฾Ů£ҲǺ鷳ǸΪŸŮ˻¡
һЦƾһ㣬Һδ̫ƲҺˡ

յҿôҲһԧԡɡ


1498 թ
ǰնڹ˵ģȻܵһԼǴﲻԸܵԼνʩˣҲ̫ԸȥԼˣ¡Ԫĵѩֵ֧ģǣСҰɣľǣնûôȥǣС֡ǵԼڴպٹʡ
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ֻŮڳĺãŻиŮ湤
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֮ҲΪ˺ռƻеһ֡
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á
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ҶĬԶԣģɼûʲô顣
ռ˵ǹԺľ⣬ΪԺչзõñȽ϶࣬ѾˣϣܹӾѡ
Цԭ֮ͨˣ֪ˣʡͲʡԼá
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ոϽֹڣҪ̬Ļû˷ӾѣֻҪӣôҲؽ뾭ѵģҲԭ֮һԺ˵ǮȥԺ֣Ͷ뵽зУλӦöǳ˽⣬ǰũһһһӴũΪԺΪּһжڼӽзһֲλҲѾȡ˾޴ĳɹԿͶʹáǮɶڰϣԺ뾭ԭģ޵ķʸ
¬ԵͷǼʶģΪڰգԺǮ棬ֵõġ
ȴѵгҲΪ𣿡
ЦпгȥʡôʿǾͶһƥ֪ΪгΪ˭зأ
£漴ֵʺ飬ʡĸΪ£ѵԺΪô𾭷ʱɲô˵ġ
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Եƾʲô˵˷ѣƶȶԣҲǻ֮£ǻֻǹҲģǮɲǻģҲ㺫յģ𾭷ǹ涨õģӡ
յҪǸƶȶԣҾͲҪˣԺųֵɣȨԺľѡ
ڵʲôɣǲҲ˵ܲУУʲôģӣӣͭͭģܹõôľͷģľͷûīˮֵǮǲҲøʡӾѡ
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ϷֻǾ¡
ںˬһϣžԵȥֹգǰôҲ
帮ͻȻڵλһԡ
˻һۣҲû˵ˡ
帮͵˺ԣǵȷһ£ӾҲ޿ɺǡ֮ԣҲ޵зÿģԺó˲дǮⲻǾѣҲǹʲô޴ӲзĿǲ㰡
Τ˼ǫֱͷ֮ǵˣ͢ϸԺľѣһǮдԺ̰۹Ҳ޴Ӳ𡣡
Τ˼ǫ帮ǳƺΤ˼ǫֱ̫һ㣬ϣǾ£֧帮֤֤˽ףӶӣһҾ͵ý¡
帮Ҳûκθжɴȥ
ʵ˵úезľѣǿ϶㲻ģһзɹֻҪһǮʧһٴβųɹܾҪһٹǮûгɹǮˣòʲôǾ͸⡣ʵеľѣǿһǷؿУǲȥԤģĴƣˣԺǾ࣬ɼƣ㻹˼ҪǮʲôƨֲһƪ¡
Τ˼ǫΪʹɣһڣûϣֺܶฯ⣬һ͢ʼܣʲôˣԱֹ
յӾѵĻԺɾ͵ùˡ
ڼЦ˵£Ϸк棬ƣһ˲֪˲Ϸ岻ѣΪԺԺǻ飬ǮôãӦû˱ȺˣôԺʵ˷ѽⰡ
༸Ҳ׷׵ͷ
ǵˣϷȻź鿴Ǯ˷θ֮ԣ㼥֮⣬Ǻ߶ͣһ굽ͷнմԺΰµģ뺫ӦҲǺ˽⣬ӦӴ°
˵꣬Τ˼ǫ
Τ˼ǫǰʾʷ̨ӦȥһԺ
ŵİ
ϲģǹյġﰵһ䣬΢Цԣ˱Ĳ˵Ǯôе㽨ģ˵һڳݣֻҪһǻ飬û˿ԶӹһǮʷ̨ǶԴлɣȥ飬õ˵£˷Ѵҵʱ䡣
Ҫ˵ǣԺĲҿظ֤λǲţҲȥ֤ԺļֵʴӾֻΪΪ񣬲ΪĳһˡԺոշ츣ڰգһ̾͹ţǰջ룿
ڵҷѾ˵ĸΪΪԴΪӾѣǺǣǲУֻ½˶Ч£ʱ⻧Ƿ񵱵ȥϷеǰ
˵ףյٷѣټˣ˺ǵ棬Ӿѣǲܵġ
һ뽩֣Ӿ޷Ǿôɣȫ񶨣ˣҾ˷ʱ䣬Ϊȫ̸׵ϣ
帮Ϣһ£Ȼ̸
ǳԣȫûԭԵģΪʲô̸ģʲôΪΪͲҪ̸ˣ̸ʵʵģҺú룬ʲôԻġڲҫͱˣϲ潻ôҶǷ飬ʱΪ飬˭˼ԡ
Τ˼ǫܲף¶ģֹΪĻǹٹ໤ôҸ㷽㣬Ҳҷ㡣
ʱ֮󣬼ֻصڣǰһֱĬĶͻȻΪ˵öеȥ壬ҲûбҪ̸ӾǲܵģԺ£Ҳֵÿ϶ģҺβʲôİ취
̵취ûУôǮβһǮԺںԣǾţһë
ЦԲ˽˵ǮӼǮʡô
ڵʡһֱᳫڼ󣬲ҪҴӼǮ
üôˣҪǾͱ̸ˡ
һЦٶԡ
̫ˬˣǱ˵𾭷ѵһ֮
˫סһ£̾˿λϣףôûκ˽ĵģֻΪңΪշõĹߣ˶ѣΪǻ֧ҵġ
ҶûǵȻźղںǮзѣûȥģôһ޵׶ʮᣬͻҪʮᣬ˿޼ɵԹı˽˵Ǯз棬ֻʧˣ˵ʲôӦÿסǷɡ
ĬУһʱܿ͹ȥˣʵǶΪûбҪ̸ֻΪҲûӦɺǸһӡ
ɣ
ĬõĺͻȻڡ
̿
̾˿ȻλΪ͢ӦٳǮôԺֻܴطȡѡ
帮˻
յͼֽˣȡѡ
̵ôУԺŹҵǮзȻ˽ףôҲ˵ͨɡ
յУͼֽȻڹҵģǹͼֽҲΪÿȥҲǮһҪǮȥƹ㣬滹ҪǮõͼֽ϶Ҳıģѵڼ﷢ù˿϶ȻۣĻҲܹƹȫΪʡһʷãһá
¬ԵͷҲδɰ
Ҳͷ޳ɣΪǾЩھΣԺ뵽һ°취͸ɴ֧ˡ
Τ˼ǫͻȻǿһĻγԺΪ˷񣬹ҳǮԺΪз֮зӯ֮ԺŹҵǮȥоƼȣ򲻿ɵġ
ڵͷΤةԲ
ֳĬðΣԺÿһзĿ͢ɳ͢ǷԳ۸ˣǵȽضãڲҪƹĹߣͿ˽ףȥƹ㣬һЩΪõģҹغ棬ǾͲۣܶñ˵зڹҸ߼ܣȻЩȲڹһܣҲǰձģҲͨ߱ܺ͢ļ˴ɱԼһеһж͢걨λΪΣܹ뵽Ƶİ취ҲУԺֻٹš
׵ͷҿǿԡ
¬ҲǰǿԽ˶ΪɷԺ˽Գۼͼֽ˵ĻǱΥһȿԺõľѣΪѹܹЧԼԺܹݼա
Τ˼ǫҲԵͷ
帮һȻл˸һ˿֮ɫҶͷӦͬʱҲúõıȽ϶࣬ȥֻ»ʵ䷴ұ϶ҪͨʡģӦʡ˳ĸԤУҲͷӦ
̶֥С£Ҫ̸һգɼǶôľ⡣ڴĳ˵ʵһƵĻ飬ҶóۣȻ໥Э˭ģһҲԿƵЧûרôߣҪڵĻ¾ͺðˣΪⲻʲô£ֻҪվסɣټһİ壬ܹܿͨġԺܳʲôøʡ걨
󳼳ôǵǰ棬ںռþԵϷ֣źǲòЭȨʡǴȫʤǿڶǳˣؼұף
Ƶĺ󣬴ͷ̾ȵ¬ǶԶˣ̧ͷǵıӰͻȻһĨЦݡ
ʵĿģֻ֪һʼԺ˺Ʊػ⵽ҵǿҷԣǹ̹ᣬ治һܹͨʵǺһֱԵģǲ޳ɹٸվסŵģʴӾΪɣٿһ顣
Ҳ֪һᷴԣ϶ǷԵɣԽԽǿģΪҪԼ֮ض۵ʱһֱǿΪΪʹӾ㲻ǣҵĳǺõģһҪ⣬ҲںǵǮô˵ԸҪ¬졢ǸеЩھΡ
ʱ˺һ󲽣Ӿǳ򵥣ǻ飬ǮͶˣǸ˺ҪĹ򣬶ҲһܹõǮ¬ǿ϶ͻ֧ġǶһ£Ǻ˰ֵ֧ǹҵ
ͼֽ͢͢Ҳǽͼַֽã˶ѣǽ˵ĻҵĺһЩˣǽٸ⽫γһȫµϵ


1499 Ǯ
һƫƧɽȼ䣬żĶأݾǱڴˣҲ˵ݵجΣɽӭ˲ٿˣֻվżˣǵĿһֱע䣬һͷţһȫµĲ䣬һһߵָ£ʹŲ˷ܵĹʡ
߼ǺաԪĵԪԪ֣Ԫܡ
ԪԵɼԪǶôĿ
úһԪվĳ˳ߣѵүүүүùãǷǳãһְܹĶʮĶأֻҪһ˺һͷţɱǰ˽ʮ
ֶѵĵطʱ䣬ΪҪʱ䣬һֲ㡣
ЦˣԺоҪĽ˳ɱ
Ԫĵͷ˾òˣȫԼ
ЦǺǵ󲮣ⶼʲôˣʲôԼɱߣԪҵĲȱôǡϽǱ˽һҴרΪľߡߵģίиˣԪڳҲûжˡ
ԪֻϺһ⻰֪ɵĿۺգЦʵ֪ҴǺ˿ģ
յżҡ
ĸżң
۰ҡ
ԪĵԲŴ󣿡
ҡҡͷûйϵõŴġ
ⲻһô
ԪͷȻ֪ûŴҲ䲻żͷϣȻǻɣǵȻ˵ԪȷʵҲֳԽֻҪ۸ʣǾС
Ԫĵ󲮣ûô򵥣ɻԺ
Ԫ£㶣Ժǹô
ڨڨЦǹ𲻼٣ΪзԺҲ˲Ǯ
ԪҲǹǮũߣǰǽͼַֽء֮⣬޷ǾǡСӣ۸ͷ飡
յ󲮣ԺΪķ˲پѣѾף껹ЩӣϣԺľѣǶӦ෬ۣǴӦԽͼֽ۸ˣΪӵľѡ
Ԫ΢΢üⶫ˶ҲͼҲԼá
ǲǮֻѹ۰ˡ
ЦҲ˶ģ滹ҪһЩģԼɱñȹҪͣҪľû˼ȥ죬Ҳ˭Ҷôȫ˲ţĻǻȥ⣬ͨǿ϶òģʵҲûҪΪղżĶأҪǮð˫㹻ˣ϶ЩǿɲȱǮֻҪγһͼġ
ԪĵҲ˵ǻǮԺͼֽȻίż죿
յͷˡ
Ԫĵ˵ĻżԼҲ죬ͼֽǶԣֻǹ֣Ժβͼֱֽżҡ
ȻһˣǸһɲ˵һһǿɶˣñ˭ҪһЩԪҲ׬Ǯֻʹãʴ˲ԸǮͼֽ
յȣżûôǮΣżҵĴֻǸۣżڽܸԪұȣżһ۵ĻûУͶǮȥ缯ȫԪڸżҺʱԼйⷽԼżֻܰԪ
ԪֵֻڽãǺβŵȥĻܽʡ˷ѡ
Цŵͷô˵ûһżĿǰûʵȥϿһ͵Ĵ⻹Ҫһڳϱóףٽмŵķչϵİնеǽϵ˭ȥ֣ϻǵũóΪ
Ԫͷǹø㿼ǵꡣ
ڽϸþũҵûʲôҵҪǽҵҲŵȥǲǲԼ̨ôĻͬһ˿ܼز֣ӵкܶԸҲΪʲôֹһӾˡ
Ԫ˵˵ȥ㶼û˵þǮ
ôǺյ£ʣǮǹؼ
һǧᡣյ
Ҳ̫һ㣬ҪֻΪ˸أ󲻻ܸߡԪ΢΢üЩˡ
յһٹᣬԪֻҪٹᡣңŽϵչڲԽԽߣԺҲ᲻ϵֲҺĸƼԪңԪԶµļڲгԪҽһֱռλ
ԪƵøΪҪô
Ц԰ζٹǮҲòļǮǮΪڹҵԣǸֻǹڲĽףǴӴȴһ֮ĲģϣԽôҶδĹҵ⼼Լؽᱻ̭ŻԺɺԺõʽôзļҵ棬ֻٹ͵õһУб׬ô
ԪƬ̣ͷðɣҴӦ㡣ʵҲûˣǼԼóٹ֪ǳҪյߣٹᣬʲô
뿪ɽ֮󣬺ղδȥԪң˳ϱȥȥմ
ϣС˲֪ˣǶԲסԲס
ܵһյǸ
ֹЩΣǺ޲ý
˵գܱܲϥģһô
飬ǲСдܣ
治֪ôƵģ
ⶼǺС˵ġ
סʲôû˵ֱۣѾˣȷʵû⺩̫ˣƻ̫ƻˣֵĹܼ˵ǰڿᣬûдŵɡ
ûУûУֲ֣˼ЦʲôᣬСϵõֶޣС˾Ǹ۹ˡ
Ŷһѵʲô
Ϊ¡Դӻע̱֮˶ϣһЩӡ̱
պǺǵǷӦǿ찡
ЩҲվڹҵĶˣǵƷõģʴ˵ǻȥһẖ̂ĵȷȷܹǴ޴棬ǴƷȫȻҪôǺβһ㡣
ֵС˶ԣҲǺ£С˼ҵҲ֪ģʽЩرҪһģһƷŵ򣬷ǲʣƵĸá
ҵǳԵģǰǶûһģ˶ƵķܹƣҪҲǱ죬ܹƷóġ
ЦŵͷֵҲ𾡹űˣÿԼ̱꣬㲻Ҳ׼ô
㶣ϣлָ㣬С˼סˡ
ʵҲġ
һЦɫʵҽһ
鵫˵޷ֻҪСܹģʲô
ססյ㳶ôԶʲô˵ţͳһͼֽݸ㿴ܲܰ
æӹһʲô
պѾ˼ŪԼˣ赭дĿǰֻҵһ룬ģԼ֪ܲУҪҲûйϵ
㣿
ޡ
ޣ룿ƷλߣľګĵͷС֪ˡ


1500 ʧͷ
ȻˮͰԣںҪҪĶ࣬Ҳ˵ôСΪǵǻ۽ᾧû̫ĹϵˮͰȫģǾ͸ˮһˮӦöôô˷ܡ
صûϵ⣬Ϊ֪ܹʵǳޣûϵ֧֣ʷֻţƳ麫շˮγնմѧʿ˶⣬˶ѣʵֻеЩɳϵڣļֵŻ͹ֳ
ñ˵ӢҵǰϦķɴγķɴ꣬Σûϵ֧֣ͲܹƶĽ
ҲΪʲôҪ˸ӣڲϧԼ۸ȥʵֱӸҲû˻˵ʲôеǮֱӸǾ˵ʧڲ档
Ԫ̸֮󣬺Ҳδ̶⹫ЩϢ֪Ԥıõġ⼸ҪôԺҪôȥԪң˼ΪȡȾõģϷȫס
ңзɹзɹƷƷ£˵зģܹΪƷ⻹ҪĽҪΪװʽĿǰǵĳһʽѾ̭ˣΪһʽģһˣҪװʽľͿԹ
ԺѾʲô⣬ûмգƷͼֽͳ¯ˡ
ȵȷ֮󣬺ձ㴧ŲͼֽȥԪҡʽ̸СʵÿȥԪұȥŮģǽգ˫ڡ˺Ԫһǧļ۸񣬴Ժﹺ򵽲ͼֽ
ŽϢųȥ
Ҳ·ǷһЩȥôһ£Ȼձŷ֤ʵ
ͼֽһǧ᣿
Ҫ
ǰ԰Ѿǳ˳Ծˣ͸ˣľֲ֯һֱ֯ƷۣһأһͼֽͼֵһǧᣬòƷǴѽⲻǰ˱ӵɼô԰ٲҲ鼮ɼôñ鼮󣬻û
¥
ϢĻǼٵģһͼֽܹһǧ᣿
ҵţһǧᣬ¾Ͳģʵ̫ˡ
ҿȻɱԺԺ˭ǿǺС磬һָĸ̣˵ȥ̸һǧںСϿҲ㲻ʲô
ɲôǿɱһ½ķ򸾣˼żգ˵׬ϰٹ֮࣬õöæǵƷϾôʡ
ǣ½ϷҲŹǰǼҼҾҲô½ֻһСʦҪ˵ǿ˶ȥЩʦû׬öࡣ
С˵һ㶼ûдͷ׬Ǯÿӡ

ͷϡ
ΪڼԪܼ˶Ҳ⡣
ǽһͷϣ̾ͱ˸Χסˡ
Ԫӣ˵ԪһһǧԺ򵽲ͼֽǲģ
šô¡
ۣȻġ
ԪӣǸʲôõģֵǮ
˼ǲĹߡ
˶ѣ
˶ѡ
⡪ֵһǧ᣿
š
Ǻǣҿ涨ʲôɡ
ѽԪӣͱҴţҵ˵˵ɡ
ʵҲûʲôֵÿ˵ģǶ֪ԪҴģѾڽϹ㷺ֲһǳ⣬ʱҪڼ̵ʱڣڶȥĻͻʧܣҪǳˣԪûôˣϻػǶæ
һֱԪҷǳգԺĲһձֲܹʮĶңд˲ܹԪҽ⣬ǻ۸ˣһǧǶһ㣬ǲһܰԪҽȼü֮ʴԪҲԺȥʹӦ

ϢõԪ֤ܵʵôȻм٣ڵİճ׷ˣ̫̼ˣٹᣬǧᣬöһЩŵĶ˵ǻۡ
ĺܴ̼ǸĲ˵ģܹɲŵҲôˣ츳㣬ϣãˣעƶһȫͬڸϣֻҪ츳㶼ܹһձ主İշ·ó˶
Щǣʼ룬ԼҪܹһָۣһǧ͵ˣҪȥܶǾͳɵˡ
ȳòˣձʽ⹫Ϣ
Ȼǹһ⵹ֻΣֵ֪һǧˣҪĻǴԺʲôԺֵΪľٶգľ˵ѪŴģǷǳΰķ
һǧᣬʵǼֵһǧĲϣΪʲôҪдһ㣬ϣܹһ㿴ԺΪǮģĲϣȥзĹߡͬʱԺ֮ôҲоѲԭ򣬹ʴϣʿܹԺоԺΪģļԽ࣬ڰնǷǳģҲˣԺãҶá
ֽһԺȫµģʽԺһЩڰյĹߡɳ͢ƹ㣬ǽһЩܹķ콻ȥƹ㣬ҴҲɳ͢ƹǷǳģҹٸҲũߵģƹĻǳѸ٣⣬ҳŵһЩҪռĹУԺƼ۸ȡøõϣ֮ġ
һʵгѾơ
˶ѡ
˼գսƻⲻʹȥгͼֽô

ࡪ٣
һǧᣬձѾ֤ʵϢǽյĴձ
һһǧ᣿
ϢʱǴľţðΣһֶձһ߿һֱ⡪ôܣôܣ
¼ʵˣԪǱߵϢʱǷǳæµģҪ޵ʱڣڶȥ̫ˣԺܺõֲһ㣬ƹ㣬иȻ󲻸ߣٲһǵȼü֮
󣬳ĬãǳʧҲ˵ֱ˸ƭˡ
ڴܺյϲõУ⵱ͷһ˭ܵ˰
¼üܣҲһ˾ˣܹǮҪʱãҲܹüǮܲÿض˰ɣӾѵĻԺͿԸǣ㺫д˴㣬Ҳ֮ߣĿģӦûϣܹ͢Ӿѡ
ôһ˵ھͺܶˣԺֱŪһǧᣬܲζӾҲô࣬Ժôø
¼ֵҿպܿͻϹгˡ
ںߵгɲ֮Ҳͨġ
¼ûΪռȻڴձųϢǺտ϶аܹڴӦֻ´ǶҲ˵ʲô


1501 Ӧ
Ϊʲôǧ֮ϵۻѡҪľΪϵۣϵûչ˶Σͻһ΢ԭ򣬾йûгҵСũ£ƼǺѷչ
㲻壬Ҫ
ȹˡ
һĶֵҪ
˫ֹˡ
йƲУй˿ѧȫѵѧֻ˵ûбҪȥչ
Ǿ͸Ӳö˵ˣüĲƷҲˣһô˽ʱ䣬ȥзˣȱ۰
ɵҪ۳ʱͻ뵽
һĶʱǻ뵽
ô򵥡
ĴƻɾͲͬˣڽгںϣҳƷղϲûйϵ򵽽ȥϲϲȥҴƷԱǱ߻һʳҲȥñڱôȫΪˮ׼ģǽгôһҶûǮ׬ô
پôһȾҽҲӵҪԣǰмгҲһ壬޷õʽ֧֣ɺ̷ûõͻƣͬгһܹ׬Ǯ׬Ǯܹչһΰѭʴ˺ܶ嶼ϽؼҿʲôȥƵģǰǱļʲô洫طԼõģˣԼҲãֶΪ
ͬʱҲ˵ļʣڡ帮ϼˣôչܵòŶ׬ǮûγһĬҪг룬ôһ˸ռˣֵܹôǡ
Ҳûʧܿг鰸ͳˡ
СǺò֪Ȥ̫ͱˡҧгݵһʱһ
ôдģģʴзĹУ˺ܶҪЩͷҲûطãһ˷ѣβ˽ɱ׬һֻ֤ۣгרӪȨҲ⣬ؼǺһ㣬תӡȨ׬Ǯһ㵽Ԥ㵱С
˵ˣܲӦôӦĻտ϶ҪᣬҲ֪˼һֺ֧յģûеطãβˣгļֲҪʲôһΪҽʡһʿȻٰ㲻ԸҲֻúյͨ
񳤰ϲĪԺгıͨˣЩ˷ܵöʹȥһ׬һǧᣬҪңǱԼҹѽôܻϵգ˷˶ʱ䡣
̫˼ˡ
ԺһƬϲõУÿ˶ó˶̫̼ˣԼš
ҲǷǳˣˣ̵ˣĪ칦ģ
ΪԺյԸ񣬱ض칦硣
չһЦ̫ʷ칦ұκ˶㣬ҸԽԽãǽջʱ򡣡
ΪΣ
ƵҸոÿ޵£ҪתͿſ壬Ժ֣˼һô룬ؽ𹫷ߵģһҪ͵кܶ˶ڼǡ
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͵Ļǵ͡յȵβʱһЩй˷𣬵Ǯ˽˳⣬һ˼ӵ⣬칦һٲ˵ġ
ΪҪ˽˳ǮǶǹԱӦɳ͢͡
յҲô˵йⰡԺҽµĿģɹҶֵµŵԣǽ̣Ҳ˽ͣΪֻ͢Ὣڳͷϡ
⵹ǵġͷֵи⣬ҵһ£һǧη䣬ҪǹѧԺ㿴
֮⣬ǲӦ۹أùѧԺôͷ
ҡҡͷѧ֮Գ֮ΪѧΪȱһɣͷһ£Ҳܵޣ⾭ѸôãǵÿҪˡ񻹲˵ʱҿò˶ãгͻˡ
䣬һ˽飬Ĺ
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³زĴӣ֡
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ЩѵĴ󽫾ĳɮᣬ³عΪһ£㵯Ϊ³ز
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հڰֵʲôڣ˵˵ȥһǮΪǮַģΪǮͺӦǾ仰ô廹ϵ˰콫Ĺ
֮ͻȻֿǳ竹ӣ첻ҵҿҲһˡ
պǺǵ̫ʷβô룬̸˵ĻⳤͶһˣһǵ竣ѵǹô
һ㶣ЦСﰡ
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м䣬źա繰һɫ
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Ц˳竡
ЦȻأ
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պһͻ䣬û뵽Сͦὲ۵İ
Ҳԭα¶ٺЦ飬ںľѧҿǵдÿɱЩʲôȤˡ
ƨĵûǸ˲ţЦĹȤĻͻȥһϸļƻϾһغ˫档
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1502 
Ȼղδ¾ָ·ǳӡȿǵĺڸļҵЩڣˣһСǼˣ͸ˡ
ȻҲΪгȥгǾݳƷģǾǷΪʲôгȽϺʣôһԭø߼ǮгȻҲһüǮⳤĸ˼һ𣬻ûǮ׬ô
˷ǳ㣬ҲΨһһˣֻǵһ󹺵˶ѣˡԹ׷ţϣܹгĶҾӪȨ
յȻûһһӴǣ⹦ҲôЩ׼üƻ飬æģûϹ
ʱգ˻Ҫ֪ڼ䣬˶ΪջڻΪæǲɿǺһضû
գע̱£ڽУ̼ҶעᣬҪϣʱҲǳģҪ֮ɾˡ
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֪ʱæˣҲҴüͷʵʲô𣿡
ŴһſڣͻȻֱ죬ǰȥŸϣǰǹҼ£ԪҶѾŸҼ̸ˣôҲ˵һ
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ŴҲǣȴģҪ˵䣬Ҽﶼе
ûҷ˵䣬ɰأ
ŴĬǰĲ١
ȻǻɣҲͷԵԪңֲ֪ԪҸյĹϵżЩôһ˵氲Ĳ١
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˿ҾͷˣũҵʼǸũҵ񣬹̱Ϊд󳼣ڱ¶̱ũģҪҵãȵũҵҪá
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ŴΪʲôԸں߸ɻΪɣҪ̫ߣ̫ΣⶼǺڶţֻó¡
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ԭյͷ룬ֳϮҵһԾѧϰϻƸᣬټҵʹֻ½һиӹ淶Ҿг־ԣò˵һ䣬Ǻֵû̸Ժ
տʼв̸ۣǹڸְŮϢ֮󣬾̸гͲˡ
ҾȻдƲѡ
ʱԺ߳Ůһ𣬻һٸҲʶǸֵ


1503 һȺʱ
顣
һżգæǰӯӯһ
´һ㣬㿴Ƿ¥ûпŪһŮֹľơ

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սҲЩĸִ̽µģֵĽǿջԸΪĸ˶Ҳ廹һЩµѪҺΪһȥףԺĿţΪ
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üżǱͷ²ҵǿˮ߶ûŪףǲǣǿǴ粽а
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滪æҲôġ
ǾУúøɣҲڴۡջǹһΪ¢ϣܹͻǣ¢ϱҪۼҵļùںһ𣬼ͻõԵߣ¢ϹȣֻãĿǰƾûûдﵽѹ¢ϵĵز
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СֵС֣СҰһֱӰôôûпСҰ
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ܵܵҲûпգԺеǻᣬһҪա
ƱʣݳֻΪ˺ѣɲϲԼۻˡ
룬ðɣ˼
ӴǶڰ
˵
תͷһֻһŮ˽˭


1504 Ǯ̫࣬ڴ̫С
㣡
Ƴǿ
ܵЩСæ
յôأ
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δȺտڣ±ߣš
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ЦǺġ
ǡһЦϾһһλ÷ЩˣɮҲÿ棬ȵ⹩ͷҶסˣɹָտɴʱǸڳɾǾأ˭Ҳӡ
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гҲĲôŪŵ־Σ
־֣Ϳ־֣
š
µͷڵĸŮҪôǹ壬ҪôѾҵˣؼڳ⣬ڳ⣬˰ڳ⣬ҪӷһЩ
յͷⲻʲô⣬мһ㣬֮ܲòΪӪ⵽ʱ⣬֪νòʧġ
µ㾡ɷģЩ·˽㶼ܹɹûһʧܡ
ΨҡͷЦǻһأ
µǹڻ֤ͽʦ֤
΢΢üϣŮ˵ıص㰲ڸ֡
ֱͷ
㻹һһ׵ġ
ⲻǸѧô¶ȼƻ
յ㶼ô˵ˣһ˵ô
µǸ֤Ů˿ţŮ˿ԣЩҲ࿼㿴
ֱۣ֪ǸǷԸæأ
ϲЧͣ
Ƕ滪¢µƻյϣȴļƻ֮СΪҵ𣬿϶޵Ҳûʲô֣ʲô֣ȻЧӦ
ȻջǾһжڼƻ֮ڣñ˵г
гרӪȨջǱļٹãһٹᣬҲǳ԰εİȨļΪϱǾò˥ȻʵѾǰǲƸǻۺܶ࣬ںǮңΪļ֤˰ٷ֮һרӪȨ
ȻҪֽгಿżҵĴȻӦɲһˡ
żҸտţͽݶ˵гûвô󣬵ǳɹۣϾֵĵιߣгȻΪݳƷ

Ͻһ羰ĵطһׯ԰ȫ״ʩǳƣȥǾһũׯʵѾΪ˴ƣʷϵһҴܱߵҲȫżҵģŹʮȥˣȴ̸̸ģɼ̫ĵλǶôĸߣҪ֪֮䣬ŹԳıߣżƳĵλǳߵġ
ջûģʶٳɵģôҲһԼֺԪܡ
ݹ٣ʧԶӭˡˡ
ոոſڣͼһʮ꣬ŨüۣĿĺӭ˳ŴŴõܡ
Źӣˡ
չ֣Ц
Ŵںǹ񣬸Ͻ԰С
԰УֻվŲˣ֡Ԫ֮⣬֣Сл¬ʦԡ⡢ķϣ¡棬ˡ
ǼˣҲ׷ӭ˹
ɼյĵλѾ˷츲صĸı䣬һ붼ǹ壬ȴչ񣬲˵ϴĸ棬ΪʿһңһͬʣҪǻСվǵøǺȥɣǵտ£ԺΪγһ¹Ⱥ塣
ղôأ
ǺǵҲ￴ûкĻᡣ
ЦǺǵ첻˴Ҫ˴Цˡ
ڨڨһЦģ⴬һЩߣԼϵһЩСߣɴһеķ̫촬ֱͳԽԽһЩСòܹΪʡܶ
˵ף͹̫ӵˣɱǷǳۣϱó̫죬ǶѰ˼ǲǿԽһЩ޹ؽҪĲͿܳһߣоз塣
յ񼰡Ӿתÿ졣
Ͻϣܹõͣһֵˡ

ҶЦ
ֿ¬ʦԵ¬ӣ֣ô
¬ʦԵǵģҵҩҲҪֲҩĹߣҲ͸Ź
¬£רŷչҩ⣬Ҫߣǰ϶Լģ¬ʦԲõҵӪģʽԸҲǳԿҲҪΪߡ
֣о͸Ӳ˵ˣҪµ治һܹӦʵԼҲһҲҪзܹˣòˣרĸ¾Ϳԡ
ճŴŹӣûⰡ
飬ǧô˵ɲŴɥ
պΪΣ
ŴɥΪֲ㣬Ӳô൥
ǸոսӵʱǶôĿģһţˣû뵽ǣһ¾ˣȻûҲû˭ܹôԺָ֣·ôû졣
ʵΪԺ£ֵúܻ𣬴֪̾˳ϿһҴһżҵģŴǻɣԪҺļȥż
ҲĵϾÿһ£⣬ǺܿҲֻͨҪǮǶԣȥʵǷǳġ
Լ··Ļ⻹ɢֱòˡ
żû׼Ϊģ֪һȫˣĶһ
Цһð죬û˾ȥˣܱЩسǣǮ벻ľôûǮҲȥ֣ǣɶǴͻҪǺĻһֱȥģ㲻ץסģھͻһҴ
ǡ
ŴһߵͷһĨżһӣȥǮΪżҵʵӦ֪żǵǮﹻ̫˼˵Լĸǻɣ߯Ҳˡ
ֵȻÿȻĻ֣Ҳ


1505 ƻϲϱ仯
ϲջÿʵģƾŴǾͻһ㣬ĿͼĻӯĸƲ磬쵱һɵȻаԲҪԭڴҲδʶȹ۲۲졣
Ŵ̴ȥιѾʼˣΪԪǱߴߵúܽ
һȦģǲСֶԺľ߾м仹һΪԺĽϡȫˮģʽ߶Ǻոģܶ๤߶ֱӰͣ˼ʮǰæǴֱЩżҹǲԸ⣬ûа취ֻǹæ
⹤Ѿﵽٶˡ
һ¿ŵѾˣҪ֪ǰľһ㶼ᳬʮ
ҲΪʲôŴĵȷʵ׼ķǳ֣̹㣬ʲô㲻ֻĹгԴ˵ҶǴѾûоԼȥԼһвƷ
ټг󻯣Ҷϰ˽ģʽǰûֻԼгҲûûоֱȥгһ㶼еģгǷǳǿģ÷չʵ̫һ㣬Ƶ̫࣬嶼˹ҵ֪
֮ԲİŴҪҲΪŴĵ֣ΪгҪôһĻʲô߶Լʵ̫鷳ˡȻԼҲȫΪֳɵḷ̌Ϊ̫£ѾˣææδӯҪֶΣƾʲôӯͶʣô˹ԽãгԽоԽã˹òãһᵹյģ֮׬Խ࣬׬øࡣ
ò˶úǴ˽ʷõĻ飬һİ˷ƣⲻ֪׬øࡣ
ι֮Ŵ£ϺþƺòˣдţЩ˿ɶǱڵĴͻдá
Сܵһһ಻֮λܹߴͽ̡Ŵַǳǫ飬ЩǰҲûŵıǮ
ʢĺŴ磬Ҹղſ˿﹤߯Ҳĥˣľͷϰ죬ѹ˵ֲˡ
һ˶Եͷ˵ȷʵûдЩ̫ϸһ㣬һ㹤¶Ҫö࣬ҲһЩûƺ̫ͬ
Ŵ̾ϵܣҲ죬Ҳ֪żҵŷһֱϽƣҼЩ岮ǧ۾Ҳŷ磬żĶһҪãκ׬һǮ
Ź誾һǳϽˣ⣬ǶǷǳܵģżҾγŷ磬ŴҲϽƣսŴɷǳûгʲôǹ壬Լ֮Ǿƾŷ¼䡣
¬ʦЦƾһǲС¬ĳϣǺ
֣еͷҡ
ŴԴϲæңңɶλ𣬴м
ʵι۵ʱ¬ʦԾͷǳżҵ̬ȣΪҲˣвϽǵҽˡ
ǾͿ϶òˣϸ
ɽʿһֱҲǷǳƷʵģˣΪǮԼⱾҲù˼Լ
⽻̸һ󣬴ҶżҺ򣬲żģȷʵҲ㲻ˣֻٵȵȿ
ŴҲû취ֻܸϽȥģҲһʱ벻ܹģʴ˴Ҳûȥ̸̸ô࣬ûʲô塣
С磬˵ķͷҪԶԶʤ㰡֣ͻȻЦ
ѽ˶̸۸֡
ɲֹЩֻϣֺܹһֵ˽ǡ
ֺǺǵҿһǺ⡣
˶ôΪġ
ҡҡͷûйϵҿˣȻվߣǸԤֵĻҲͽô븾ֵһġ
ô
ҶԵЩ졣
һΪʲôϡӳŵڣŻԶ֮ϣִϰñգν˫ȫҪ˵æǰҲæ
Ƿǳµġּ˵Ӵ˾٣ҸҲǳͬģʴҵ֪֮÷¥ȥֵǼǣ븾ִЭ顣ǰˣҲſŸʾʲôģܱ֤Ҫ˲žһܹʾôȡ˳ɹô˲ŶȥֱǼǣʱҪ˲ŵʱ򣬾ֱӿԴӸˣٶȣҵԼҪ˲šʡ°ֵĳɹǴҵĳɹ
˼ԭûн⵱һ£ǿںյϣŵͷӦģҲҪ˶Ǯôһ˵лֵóƵĵط
֣Ц㲻ô˵ҿҲῴȥǼǵġ
յò˶ãǾͻ᳢ͷҸм֣Ӷҡ
ŴͻȻǸֻŮˣŶԽеĿɶˡ
ͻȻβҲŪһͬĹ𡣡
֣еǲ̫ʣҲûǿԺ潨һĹԺҲΪѵ˲ô
Ҷͷ޳ɣŴȱȱް
ԵͷȷԿһ¡
ͻȻ˵Ժ֪֤ĿԺʱʼ˵°ô
¸£ϸڣ⼸Ժͻṫġմ
֪˶˱
˵治١
С磬˵ǻҲЩ˹ȥ
š
յͷͻȻʶЩԾôͻȻô£ֻĻ֤ʦ֤Ҳһ鿼
һڼǱ˴һۣĬ
ȵ¡յǲ˰ɡ
ĸҰǺһЦǣǻҲȫȥɡ
յ˵ңǷڴ⣬ʲôʱǶأ
֣ЦС磬֪ǵԽԽԽԽˣҿǹڻ֤Ե鼮ٵһЩѡ
յ֣ӣǻԱʲôӦ㲻Ҳ˰ɡ
֣ҡҡͷҲôġ
˶ͷƭһȥûʲôû
ԭΪһؿԣҿ϶ǿģ׼ϸĿȫеȥΪ˰Ҫ˶ȥ
տУǵǣȥֹǣ˼ҵɣҲܸǩԼ˾ͽǽˣҵ÷һȺ쵰


1506 ʱǨ
纫վԣʦţڸ˰
ղϸЩ˹䡰˲ţ˲ţĹǺƵһһ㶵ģħƵãȻȻǾ˽Щ˲šⲢûԭģΪǡǡҲĿǰѷ˲ţǼͥ˹ֽȻͬģʽǰֹģʽؽᱻ̭ȻҪ˲ŵףĿҵУ֮أĿҪǲ岻Ҳʣ
뵱ղǽУȥΣһ㣬ǽݲţû⣬ΪģʽڻƵҪǰߵöࡣǰ˷ĿЩģЩҲȻĶĿתƵ֤档
Ǹݺյļƻһ˲ҪģΪⲻʲô⣬Ͼ֤ŸոճҶڹûȥ֤ԣԸ̻Щˣ˲ˡ
ΪȥˣԽϣԼԽЩ˶Ѿˣ̫úŪˡ
ϽϢ֤Ѿȷ³ߡˣ߿֤˿ʦ֤
ھͿʽˡ
˾ֱӵԺŮȥֱ
ʵҲ֤ΪرһطΪ֤ǳ͢ͷһŮ˲μӵ濼Եġ
ʵ͢û̫ϵȫԺԼģֻǳ͢Ҳֹ̫ΪѧԺŮʦģûдĹŮ˼룬ѧԺܷչô죬ǷװʦҲŮ˵ǿûֹŮˣֻȫŮ˿š
Ļ˻֮⣬ҪʮǮѡ
ʵǮС£ҲֻһɱãôΪ˷ֹ˭Ϲ˷ԺԴԺûʲôǮ֤Ըƾٲһƾǲѡģģ϶׼ǳ֣ǳŽʿģôֻǮơ
ʮǮסҶ֤ԡ
ղŷȥϢһ磬Ժſھͼˣ٣СҲʮ꣬ʮ꣬϶˷ܵɫ·ڴһ㣬ǡ
ûϵģ֤Եʱ򣬸ľǳЦû̫⣬Ҳû˵ܶҪȡ֤˻ǳſƾȥģհٰľѪջôһر񶼲ձûпһڣ˸ʾȥôˡ
ǵõոոѧʱһƬЦ֮ԣֻûܹЦóվڽֿڣԺſڵǳĶ飬п
һԵĴ۵ѧ˵ǵƤ³ɳġ˵ͻȻʿ壬Լд󳼣ʱǷѧģ㺮ҲΪʿԿӵѧģԺȤģȣΪʲôȴֹѧأ
Ƭ̣ѧѧʣ˵ףѧãѧãȻҲûȥѧƳ֮ѧ֮ѧģѧܹɳؿ죬뻹Ϊҵķչŵѧܴ׷洫Ϣ̶ܶŻ֤ĿԣϣܹһЩ˲Żȥ
ип˵òʵڰƶԣѧҪ֮ѧߣ£ôȥĻѧ֮ѧҲǲܵġ
ѧȻѾģȴѹѧⲻôǺѳɹģΪ
̾ҪܹѹƵסѾѹסˣϧǲܵģֻ˼ҲӦʱ
ҡҡͷҲͬ˼׷ҡιƽ£׷ΪΣҵ׷ǲƸ棬Ͳһ£ԯޣ˼ΨͼҲͲ˼룬ѧ
ҡͷЦҵ˼ˣҲϣı˼룬ϣ˼ҲܹҵغյơʵʥľԼ˼ôҲΪ˵ɴ˿ɼ˼ʵҲˣһܹٽҵķչңԽԽУմĲƸһȺĲ֮ͽڹҶԣǺ°
һЦ˵ף̫ˣҪôһֻ¾ǵĳ˼УТΪȣԲТ֮٣ȥƳ˼룬ѵÿЦô
гĬ

ԺͥУ벻ǣǱҲضãұʿҪԺȣһɫŮٸҲûгʮ꣬ɾưΣ˳ɶڸŴգŵڡͥΪŴŮ˱ͲҪ飬ֻиͥŮ˲Ż飬ҪȻ֪ôǴҹĴʣǸĸⷽȽϿȻĻҲǶ飬ʶԴҲǳֿ̬ȵģ֣ĸҲ֪ʶӣʲôʦʦ
ԺǱ߾͸պ෴붼ǺųͨգŴӵܷǳ٣˵ûУмҲǵĹ塣
ⶼԤе£ӵܵȻԿƾΪأǱӣٱȵƻҪһЩʵǵϰ壬û⣬Ūְˣǵƣǿ϶ǲܵġŮûʸμӿƾٵģҲ飬˵ڣֻûʲô֮أΨһôҲӣѧԺӶ̫ҪˣЩŮУǸμӿԣζҪ֤ȥһ뷹ԡ
ʱת̫ϣ΢΢ҡţһĨЦ⡣
ò˵һ䣬һصͿߣҲƯֵĿǷǳǳ͵ģĶûУûմҾͶǸֵĴڣЩ£Ǹͨйصģû𺦵棬ֿǵڷǳʱڣʱӵµҪ⸾ְǳģһŮħͷҡ
ȴû뵽ѹûǣǾˮˮҵǱ߿£Ƹҵȥˣ˭öҲŮħͷ硣
û˷ʵֵӰѾˣһرصַ˸֣˵ĸоͺǣŮ˵¾ӦȥҸ֣ò˶ã⽫Ϊһϰߣʱֽڲ֮ء
ⶼһֲ߻ģֻõĶǺյ·˽⺫յģĪˡ
ˣ
һµ˼
¸Ͻãһȹ
½㡣
һһЦֻ߽һȺˣѩΪ׵Ůʦ
ѽǰ
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½㣬Ǻ簡
СӼһŴ칫ǰľƣ̾
ºߵҲ粻ͷˡ
½㣬ʲôǸֵľֳҪΪŮߵģǽҲչ˰
ѽ½㣬Խ磬ҲմⰡ
½㣬֪ôվ濴ֹˡ
ʲô½㣬Ӧýֳ
ǣֳ

ЩŮ˿ɶµĵϵµţǻ׼ѩûվһ͵Ц
ȥȥȥڿʦôôЦЦģһʦӶûСˣȴ˸żֵ֮ɫֵɣԼ裬ûźŶǹ滹һЩ㡣
Ȼʮµİ칫㹻ݵ£Ͼɣľԣĸģװ궼ѵģװǶǵ͵ݻȥͦͨģϵȵĲϣȫΣȺյİ칫ҶҪöˡѩǸոսһôտİ칫ң̫зˡ
ЩŮҲûнʲô㡢ʳȫóͳͳõģûа취½Ϲǳһ̣ǲҶ°칫ҵĲҶϵȵģĿǰֻԪҡҡҡԼʼӵУû
½㣬̫ˣִֿкóԵġҶˡСһ߳ţһЦ
ѩЦðøǻȥˡ
ѩ㡪
Сһ£еĸûе䣬˵˵ѣƨѣ£ѹ̫ˣŲˡ
ƶˣ˹ŵϣʵôأ
Ȼ½ġ
ҲӣæúܣʲôҲˣûдǡߵ
ѩЦ½㣬ʵǽġ
һ㶣ѵҲμӽʦ֤Ŀԣ
ѩŮ׷׵ͷ
ºǲǿԲμӵô
Ҳõʦʸ֤
ЦһʱǿϣǿɾͶˡ
½㣬ŻǡСϾٿ£ֲǡ
û־ǿǵһʦҿԵݸǽ̵ĪĹϵôܿϡ
Ľ˵òӦҪϵġ
һĿɨȥЦȻôģҲͲˣȥŶӱɡ
ҲҪŶӰ
˶Ŷӣ˵ҪҪŶӡ
½㣬ǰΪ㰰ǰкãͨһ°ɡ
ֳͨһ°ɡ
ЩŮ˺޲ñ´ˣְ
ºЦĿһۣûа취
лл½㡣


С磬¸ɵ̫һ㣬Ҫע̱꣬ǱҪЩȥμӻ֤ĿԣҲæŴںյİţΪ
տյҲѽЩ˶ڻ֤Ҳǻģȥǻë̲Ӧ֪һλƿԣΪ˻˲ŵģҲ֪˶ãһȥ
Ŵһȣ⻰ʲô˼ѵЩ˴ˣ
յͷ⼣󡣡
ǸңŴһôܹﵽͷ˵ƾʲôǻˡ
ƾĵһﻹڹȥֵǻǹԱʲôǹٸеµˣֻ˵нĿռѣĴλǹ涨ģҲܸģ˿ԸõĴֻҪ˫Ըģܹô
Ŵǲţⲻ̫ܰɣҸ͢˲š
յǳ͢ûн֤˲ţʴøϽһ㣬ҹζࡣ̱²һʱڿԵǰգǷ٣ǺúϢһ£ʵɵþǿԵݣϰˣ뼰ǿ϶ûġ
ŴŽɵͷ
ֵˣǼô
Ŵ˵£ǰҸӿˡ
պߵҵȻȥнǮ˵ż㹻Ӧܹô
ŴҲû˵ôЩ岮ڶڹңûŪæҵģҼҲʲô¶Ҫ󾮾·˳ϸҪ󣬿ȴŪҹǴ󲮸ѵһ١
ûɣŪ߯Ҳˡ
ļٵģ·ð˳
ƭ
ҪңҷǵȥɱɡպǺǵ֪ôϽҲæңȥܱسҵˣǮȥн衣
Ŵ̾Ҳֻˡ˵һƵΪʲô
յǰһ˼Ū֯ٴʵҲʮԼҲò˼գЩ˶Ǽ͡ϰ٣ǧԼĻˣٹǮǶӣķѶپܹ㣬ʡʡɱ࣬ôѡ񡣡
ȻôΪʲôǰû
ǰҪһ׼Ѫ޹飬Ҳϱó׳ɹ֮ͷΪڲƷûеطЩйȥԼߡ
ȻôΪβԼ
ڵҶܲô
ܽǮö׬Ǯ鷳ˡ
ŴȻ


1507 ƾ
û˭ɵӣҵǰһƬ˲ŵִ󣬶ȴѾ˲żüãԳͷһЩͨգС׼ǵȻǰߣϾʳΪ죬Ǯ
գµһֱֵ߳ˣЩ˾ܱģΪ˵ϢҲ÷ǳ졣
ԭԤƼԺľƷԺʿԼѧԺʦҲңһǿ϶ûκģڱѾǧˣģѾѷڿƾ٣ۿͳΪһ£նڹעš
Ϊҵչ̫죬ԭ·ûȥʹЩҪ;ǳ棬ٵһؿԱڴҵ˼뿪ʼת䣬һ칤ҵģ΢Щܵģ׬Щɵȥһ棬ҲܹôȡƸ
Ҫȥ٣뿼֤ҲͻΪԼһ·ֶΪ
˵׻Ǿ仰ΪΪ
ڵײֵǷзõȺĹע֤ôõĻǽͲһǵԼĶȥȡʿһѡ񡣿ᣬûʲô̸۵Ķ١ʵЩʿ֪£Ҳ֪ʴ˲Ų˼˵Ҫ˵ҲǼ䣬ʲôΨСŮʺ϶
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ʵˣ֤ʵΪṩ˲ŵġ
ͻȻ飬СܶƿҲԣܷ÷Ծǿ
ԶԶԣѾˣԾҲ֪ģβкãھøǿ
ʵûа취ֻܱӶ༸ͨԵģʡöãһЩԾָǿ
ǽӵԾ̽ƲһȥΧһɫԽ
ΪԵʵǸҵйصģһЩҲǾ⣬Щ˿֮룬ҪڼȥǻΨͼô


1508 й
ʵĿĻʸ֤ԵĿǲܱȵģĻҪӵö࣬ΪĿҪӵĶ࣬ͬĵ񳤰ֹҵѾֹ׶ΣôĿȻҪǰĸӵĶ࣬Ǿ仰ȽľõģʺϵĲõġ
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ʵӴѧģ⼰ǿ϶ûģѧԺʦҲˣƷԺʿĻϾһֱ޶αǻǿ;ֻЩѧȤˣǲ¹ȥⷽ鼮
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ܵգգС۾ʮֺڣ»˺յĴ£ϽԸԼ뿪ͷҲصĳָ֣
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ͨԶԶԤƵʴҲܵǣ֮ôЩһ㣬ҪɥĲĽ˶ȥˣ͢ҪԸǣͦ򵥵ġ


1509 Сʻ괬
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ԶԣŮǱߵûЩǷǷǣֻһȺŮ˳ϲõУϲЦտĴнӹ֤ʸ֤ʦʸ֤ãǷǳɼջǻ˼ǷǳбҪģΪʲôʥּôţΪʥּõĲģҪ֤߸߶·ߣһ֤ͱҪ߶˴ϵΣ˼һͻúӡ
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һͨնԣʵĸı䡣

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ƹģ죬һʲôƻѧ֮ǿȡ֤鼮
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ƹǺǵǱǸѾˡ


㶼ˣҪȥ㲻ãǵúȥμӿƾ٣Ҫȡʿöѽͻ翼ʸ֤һ¾Ǯ԰ס˰
ⶼǵĴǵûпǺãֵֵ
Ҳ𣬷껹ܿڵĲƽܹϣһ꣬һҲܹϵġ

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ⳡԾͬ籩㣬ÿ죬ȥҲ죬ͬʱ˷ǳĺ䶯
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Զǣ֤Ѿõձͬͬʱ˶ѯʣ֤ʲôʱ򿼣Ҳˣͨգԭø֤ôֵǮǽҺͻƣҪһĻʦʦǲҪʺϰգ⵹ոеǳοҲЩ˵
ȻҪĻﵽԼĿģʮϾ͢ǳ͢ƻеãֻûǰôˣʴҲǰʮЩ˲ŻǱһЩ󸻼ָˡ
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ڵǣҲǱ΢֮ˣֻǮԣϵĵλ̫ˣֻ͢ЩݣⲻǱΪˣڱϴ磬ѹѧ˵ֻ빤˵ѧʰˣϲ̨棬ҲȷӰһҡڲˣΪŴǷǳϧԼ
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ȵܵ뿪֮󣬺ղϵֻһ绨Ůׯ棬ˣлһĨɬ

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ѾζпܣֻҪпܣҾͲܴӦ
ѩԲĿźգһΪһӦġҪ˵󵨣ѩʲ纫һû뵽վȻعϵľܾ
ЦֻϲС󣬵ϲСʧЩŮȥΣʵҲֻܵõһ֣ܻѧԺʵֻҪ̻ƴˣԼȥĥ
˵סѩ֣֪ΪѧԺãΪݵĺӺãҲҪסһ㣬ѧԺÿ˶ϲģǱڵĵˣˣ¶ýСʻ괬
ѩ󣬵ͷˡ


1510 ŵ
ѩδгһԼᵱʦⲢĿҲãеϵģҲֻѸ׵ԼȻŰְҵġ壬ڽǷǳӵģʴΪʦʥģǲܷµģأЩټ˱Ͼ⣬дδʦӦýһЩѵѧεһʦһֱΪ취
Ǻʼղ޳ðգ˿һƻߣĻո߲գʼնǳƹŴףȻŮ£޷ҲùصӼƵҶŮˣδŮһѧԺҲˣѧԺŮ˽ӣӡ
Щټ˵Ļλͱ΢ҲǱ΢ģߺ϶ΪһҲʲô⡣
Ҫϸȥ룬ʵմδȥףΨر£һʿ֮ģǴôһ̬ƣֻƲáһµĻʵǺصģҲûа취ĺ棬ܻκЭģ˵ףҲֻǹԼ棬δ뺮ͨ顣
ʲôѧʿụ̃ûʲôֵľֹѧ˼Ϊʿụ̃δ˵˵ĵλӦøũһǿҪũ򣬱ũҵ
ɼǷǳǳģ֪һ֪ùټȥʦǷǳҪģֻѩȥЩŮƴˣνΪĽˮƽѾ㹻ˣûЩռҵĺӽɹҵĺӣǲܵġ
⻹ΪյĲϵĸı䣬ʴȥʲôͼı˵Ĺ۵㣬ñȻֻ֤֤Ϊ͢ҲҪ˲ţȥҲǵҲû˵Ҫ࣬˽¸úңϵĸı䡣
ʴˣ֤Թ󣬺Ҳûȥͣڼ䶼ûô¶棬һֱǳ͵տʼʱЩһɵһ죬ʲôÿȥƣˣҪĴƣΪвѾ˵ˣĿѾﵽˣ˿ʼӻƷ˲ţ֮ӣҲûжĹϵŹҵ𣬵˲ѷǺƶģһḶ́ǹҵȷ˱仯һϵЧӦղδȥЩʲô
ҲΪʲôܶ˶Щʣζӳ£ҲֻȥϰߣΪǴ󻷾˱仯õ÷棬ûȥֺա
պ¥ҪΪϾҪˣԼڽЩټȥݵˡ
ӡˢոӡķ壬֣һǴƴģһǲģȿûĻӡˢǱ߱ԴӦˢͯˣѾŰˡ
δȺտڣɣľֽݸա
սӹ˿Ҫǿƴһ棬ʵҲǽͯȥռƴϧǣû˵ͯļӸУĿǰӡˢûдﵽֵزǵˣоʧУüƴƴȥġ
ɣľ˵ͷʵƴȡóɹ֮ѾԸЩ̳һƴ֣Щڵ»ֵʱƴǹӡˢ鼮õĵ滹Ǧ֣ǦĻľ֣ǰЩʱӡˢһֱæڴȯ£һֱչʴӡˢǱƴӵķʽӡˢһߣòĻܻҪһЩӡ
ԵͷֳȾƴӵİɣҲܹǽءˣ滹ûô
ɣľӡˢǱ˵治⣬ֻͯһǻǦ̣ӺÿһЩҲӡˢģľ治̫ãҲ̫ã⻹ҪһЩʱջܹá
յ²ģӡˢǱҲɣϸЩӵȷˣսٰһ¡
ɣľһ֪ˡ
յӾҪˣ׼ô
ɣľѾ͵ֿˣȥң̼Ҵ˷µĻҲдӡ
յǻ𣿡
ɣľģģкɽһĻһͣΪҪͻûǳռطΪһز̽ԵģﻹǺܶ࣬㹻ĵطӯǺܶ࣬ӣʴˣкɽȡ͡
͵ȷһ⣬ҳɱҲߣһԽûԸ㣬ҲҪԳΪģչóס˵ͻȻɣľһ㵣ⰵҸ˵ЩֵЩټ˵ʱа׵
ģҶѾźˣʲô©ġɣľԷ¥ʵżŮ½ϣǲƵá
ǵݷǳ⣬ԸǵˣһҪСģҪչ˺ǣҲʧˡ
֪ˣɣľͷֵмǸ˵ˣϽǱߵгѾˣҪпյĻԹȥˡ
յͷĻõȵԺܹ֮õ֤ˣǱô
ɣľһֱͷǱ߿ţҲǺ
Ȼһ̸ֻһȺ˳𡢲ȼĸζ
Ц㣬ã׼ȥˡ
ҲˣŹġ˵ţ΢΢̧֣¡
ʵ鷳أ
ûʲô鷳ֻЩˣ㡣
ЦҲǴѯµģ˵ʲô°ɡ
׼ձݣǶ֪ʲôݸʺϴԺţ⻹
յԺص㣬ƣôһձҪ͹ԳԺص㣬˵ʲôʺأ
ζ֡
յͷ
ǹǷȱ⣬ζһЩ̾磬ΪҲͦõģСҲ׼ȥô
ΪֶǴͳĽĿ硢СƷ˵ЩеģΪŪһЩԪȥ
С֡СҰûпգǸĿԺɡյڻôҲˣóԺ⣬Ҫÿ̸ܵԺһȫݸ֣ҲϣǵʦϢĹҪô֡
ĸһΪô˵ԺģʽǺģǵȻĽΪ
ζͻȻСո磬˾Ƿ棬׼ãܾЩطã
һţҵĴҵĴ
öĿ
յҵĹУǲҪ˾ǵģֻǸ˵ˡ

סˡ
ȫڷԼҪ֪硢СƷ˶ģһŷˣҪ豹Ƶá
Ǳôҡյҷž˵ˣŵգֻһǾǴԺһеһжӦΧŴԺЩˣ˶дԺģѡĿһҪסһ㣬һʢ磬Ҳ۾
ζҪĻǵüȥԺǱ߲ţܹ׼ȷжϡ
յǱġ
ĸЩƵС磬ˡҶ˵һ䣬Ӧ˵ǿ׼ݡ
շŰ۵ѵǰ˵ûôⲻһ֮ƽжΪһʼͲͣ£Ǳ׼ֻ֣ǴѡһЩַڿձݣıݣֻҪﵽ˱׼еǻݳ
ĸæԶԶԣҶˡ
֮ôţΪϣĸиıݻᣬΪĴԺԶ¥ͻ¥
ζЦ˵СոҲ̨˵ϼأ
һڴ𣿡
ζڴЦȥĻһкܶʧġ
յҵۿǲѽ̨ĻӳɱģҪҵ̨ô˵ţĸ
Щĸװû
ֳζǾʧȥɡ
ҲǺЦ
ջ˺üһĻƣѾƴ
վͿʼĻһûȥΪѾˣԤʾŴ̾Ҫˣ˵ѽһæµʱĪڴˡ
պڳĸͬ£˹ͨͷϡ
ȥһ꣬ͷûһ˿ԭ̬ӰӣҲ˵ͷԶһֿ⣬˵·˽һ̵ķǳƽǲȡʯ·ģⶼгǮŪģ͢ûйϵһãͺȥܹ͢Լľ;ԼΪûϰߣʲôʱҸ͢Ҫˣ͢ҪǵǮǾˡ
ȡôĳɹҵĻﶼһ豸õģ޵治ȹٵ


1511 Сһ
飡
С˼飡
źһ·ͷϵˡƹܵķ׷뺫һЩˡ
Ҳ䷳ĵͷӦš
Ԫһֱܽϱó׵
ǺռĿġ
ԪܽܣóǣҪԭΪһصĳɹֻҪϽ˳Ļô̾ͳΪһȫհ׵гҪ֪곤ǽ˴ģܶƷȫµģϰտûм
ҲΪЩ׼ģΪϵĵ׼׼ġӽӽϻ˻شũƷٽЩũƷֱӣӹ֮İգͦƵãʵȻǷǳӵģϾ漰ϱصĴóףôôһڣһСũ̱ŷ˻
˵ͷϵĹˣŻӣȻҲũҲǷǳϲʱ̣Ϊ׬õʱҪŬǮˣΪ̫ĻҪˣվڸ߳ȥһƬ͸һ
Ǯ㲻ҪôճһԵǮЦ
ǮڨڨһЦԭȥģǡҵոһЩ£ʵ߲
̵飬˶ȥ˺;
ǮͷǣǰҲȥģ³˳಻㣬ʵЩѾȥ˵ģڵضһЩ
Ҳźա
ǰһ˷ָݵȵأǽһԽԽ˶Ѿ뿪ȥԶĵط˺;أһ㶼һЩС˺һЩСΪҶҵǰϧĹҵѾˣѹҲǳƷûɫǺѷչڵ𣬹ʴѡ뿪ΪǶ֪ѾùڳĴˣƾܹںߣѾĪġ
ڸ߳ģջǷǳãΪ񾭼ڷٷչٲã컹ǻ£ʱѡȥȻҰĵģϣܹ󣬶ҵĹؼҪӵðվǵ͵ÿԼǺõطӦҲ֪ϵĻȻԶ糤
ȥĻȫϱóף￪ģҪôͽϣҪôͻسġ
ЩطҲкôЩطˡضܱˣɱͣΪͨҪŵĵƣǶӦףҵĹؼڽͨÿԼ
Ǯ˼Ҳ뵽ˣǳкգǷǳǲ֪ЩصĹԱ᲻纫һչǣϾֻǱ΢ˣǮ˼Ҳһǣһǳʵ⡣
Ŀһɨﲻ֪ʲôȻǰͷһָǰ档
̾ĿȥѰҲûʲôص·
֪Ҫҵȿʲô
ǵȥʱ⸽ӲݴأôҲȥҪõöɡЦ
Σ
Щ˶һãȻ
ĸԱܾȥԼ㽨أ·ǿ˹ԱҪЧ֮һ
Ǯ󷽵գգۣͻȻӦ˹ֿգɺأ¶΢Ц
ǺܶҲ׺յ˼ǹǽ߳ȥ
ʵҲǺյļƻһߣǳݣһ߾˺ܱߵأϵôֻǺԪҵأղδ̫˷
ԪͻȻĻͷǳ˺ӣû˺ӵĻǵӿɾѹˡΪ͢Ӧüǿ˺ӵĹͨһˮͲȶǳ͢Ļܾܿͻֶ
ܱȫɽأʴѹҪŶȥأǽͨԶͨ˴ڹмŶԣͨΨһȥĺӵ߰
ڳ˶Զˣ½·Ļ˷ѽɱӡ
յȣ͢һֱǳкӵҲάĲ
˵꣬ǴһʱһʱˣǰĴӶ붼ˣ̴Ӷܹ࣬͢һ̴ٺòˡ
ЦҪѣ͢ôǮĿǰܹģѾǼˡ
Ԫܵ˿ԾһЩǮ͢άͨǳ͢ýǮõ
ˣɫ죬Ц̸ɡ
ںӵλ᲻һ㣬ƳںӵҲǺΪӵغЩˣҲغŻңΪеѾ㲻˿ڼĳҪʳ
ȷʵΪԽҪ֪·ͻ˲ٵǮʴˣʱҲںܶ෽涼ڱصģΪٵȵȡ
ЩͲסˣǿõǰĻĸģܹڳǾͷǳ˲ˣǹעȫгôһҲǱȻġ
Щͷգֱһ뿪֮ԷֿߣҲΪӵֻȴվӵǳԽȥͬʱķҲǾ÷ٷչһ֤
뿪ͷ֮󣬺ղδ뿪˳ȥϽг
һƬѾǱĿȫǣмһôʯ̳ɵĴ㳡ܱ߷Թ㳡ΪģһȦһȦɢֵ
˸㽨裬һϣԵӲȥԤ£ֻԼҪôԼŰ졣ԶԶȥһֻȻɵĸоǽĻܹܵƳΰֺĽ
ûа취Ƴٵض࣬ʲô磬εСұǴྶͥġһԭǳй滮Υģ˭ϣסӣ˳⣬˻Ľ죬Ǹʽ
ΪⲻǺһҵḶ́ض˵ģǴһǮģ廹Ǻչ滮ģʴ˽ķǳ죬ûʽϵѹ
ǵˣʵĵ·޽һгڶʯ塢ʯ̳ɵģʯɳ̳ɵġ
Ϊǰõ·ǹٵǹٵƵģҲҪôõĵ·ͬ˶ͨÿ궼ǳɱӣ·ǲеģ˵Ȼȥ͢ԾԼ㣬ǲȱǮ
ĿǰδȫãʴʱǶյģֵʱˡеֻһյĵ档
ΪϽгΪôĵȻҲԾ¥װꡢԼһЩߵƷΪͷֵܹ˲࣬һ㶼ǮˣʴˣϽгζȽϸߣ֮⣬һũóгרΪũ׼ġ
ܺôƳҵʼûкԵũҵһֱҲڽľΪũṩũóгĵʵҲԴٽũҵķչѼ˶ˣôѼȻҲӦӣǰֻڳڽףƣũֻԸ㣬񵽳⣬ôũóгȻͳˣˣջҪ󶫽гŪһũóгңѸũģȡһǮũҲܴٿˣһǮ㲻ʲô
һ˶мǸ㳡㳡ûʲôرģһЩʯΡʯģ˵һ֣
ǵЩվʱڴѾڻţȵӪҵʱĳ
С磬˵ʱʱһЩɣŪյأ߯Ҳ˷ˣֱҲ׹ƾ㳡һзǳ
Ǯҡͷ̾
ȴǵһЦ
ԪܼգʵСĪвĵط
ⶼҹ滮ģҲҵ˽ģʲô⡣һЦֻּǾñȵСЩˡ
⻹С競һŵˣǾƽĹ㳡
ղʵǲ𣿡
Ԫ΢һȻЦСû֮ǰҵǲãǺСôһ˵ҵҲЩСˡ
ֺ˻
Ҳ¶֮ɫ
ͻȻ˫ĿһˣС˼ǣǵĻﶼȫأȽгԵ÷ǳСˡ
Ǯ󷽶Ȼ׹Ӵ񼣬⻰ǰˡ
չһЦгСһ㣬ǼֵɲŶ
С˻
վ˶ԣŵȷ㲻ôͷˣڽгʱ򣬾͸˵гǵļֵأֻҪг˵ĵأ͸ĵؼ۶߲٣ҵʱһʱֻҪ۸ЩˣǮǳ־òϵġ
ʱڱ䣬淨ȻһˣʵǳƤȳǮ״ʩŪؼȻǣһЩͬ棬ʹͶĳƻ
ʵյ֮ǰ͸˵ȻҲͶʣֻǻû


1512 ʲôϵ
ǲ֪гʱţ
Ǯ󷽻ǻʵ
Ҳ۷ŹĿźա
⻰˵Ȼ̫˽淨ʵǰþǵزĶأҵõأǻ׼ǱϾˣеı仯Ҳܹ̽һԴǳ˼
Ц⻹õȴԺ֮󡣡
˵ԺֺͺͺһɹӸʱȤˡ
С磬⡪ԺʱţĿ⼱
ЦѾڳﱸˣźܿͻῪˡ
Ǯ󷽺С磬Ժǳ棬ˣÿ˶̨ܹ˵ʲô
յͷ벻ǶԴ˸е˾ȡ
Ǻѽ˶̸۴¡
ЦԪô
⡪ǵȻԪһЩǸûʲôϵ
Ҳ̸۵Ҫ㡣ЦΪǶѾϰˣΪ˵ֻ֮Ҫ˾һ뾡취ȥ㡣ΪʲôҪһԺΪ¥Ѿ㲻˿˵󣬲һܶ˸еģ˭Ҳϣ϶Ŀһ硣
˾ôһԺôģһ㣬Ѿظˣ˲źͽǮŶǶѾյķǳˣҸˡ
һģصĶء
û
ʲôû
Ⱥ޳ܵļһ
ղ
ͻȻС磬˵Ժ쿪ţǰǷǳϲȥǷ¥ģҲˣ㿴ܷŪʲôƱġ
ֵø˫۷Ź⣬ǲȱǮȱǿ֡
ЦʱûдŪƱŪƱҲÿԼȥ͸ĻǺܶ˶ҪͣҲ͸ĻҵĴԺճһλ
⻰˵ÿǰܹҸô˵˻ǲ࣬ǺվôţбǱû˻ɺյһ仰ҶڴԺ˽⻹ǵ;˵Ľ׶ΣѾзǳ˹עˣ治ûпˣ´Ժ
ڨڨǣǣƱҲһܹġ
̵ǿɲһ

ﶼЦ
˵Ҳżٸλӣڳ̫ӵԶ٣˵Щӵܡٶ
гתһȦΪﻹһЩģʴ˶ûмŻȥǴסһ˳㽻
кոûкգǺܴģܹս̸Ů˵ģܹǳڽһΪľöǺƶģֻк֪ôȥʴˣ̴ôһûᣬסڼªׯ԰档ϣһȺ˾һ߿⣬һ̸۹г仯
ʵںҲǷǳģΪгĸ˵ı仯ʴϣ˽Ǯڵ˼ʲôźúǡ


ϵܽΪ˵ɻԱȥ°ɡһѹٷ²豭ոյŴʵ
ŴͷǻѾ˲԰ռƻЩȡء
˵˶٣ֵѾ׼ӦòǺܴɡ
ٵͷӦⲻֻҪ帮ҡ
Ŵѵ帮ֵ鷳
ٵԴ֮帮࣬ƾǶ帮˽⣬ô󱻴ʴˣҷЩǡ
ҵ̽С磬ǺСֵķǳɡ
˵꣬ٱ֮ߺ޹ϵչôãѵ㶼ûпô벻ոںΪ޹ϵ˵˼룬ֻɨԼǰѩ
˵һ˿ζ
ŴóĬʵŴѾԼ˺սϣżҿʼҲͲѿҲ֪⻰ҲǺ޵ġ
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һ㣬ʼú¤ŲɺԵĸң
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ƳŴ󣬼䲻ǵϵܣҲΪ֣ΪҲֻ˵ˡ
Ŵæ֮ǣ˽⡣˵˴˶٣ΪôҲĵһҹұøӸУ帮Ƕƣⲻڹҷչ
ȴϵܣ㵱ô٣ⲻƲĵҲԺյϻ֮󣬰յȷƣһҪ帮ٵһУֻ賯Ϧ⵱ϲϣҰ
Ŵͷ
ʱ˵飬ˡ
ٵһ㶣ŴһۣƬ̣ŵ帮δˡ
Ŵ΢΢üѵΪ£ˣǵǡ
帮ȻˣȻܲһ帮˽ǰ΢΢֡
帮Ҳֻһ
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帮ͻȻΪ˻Աһ¶ɡ
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帮Цŵͷ֪Ѿ׼ˣҸҲǷǳ޳ɣҷЩϸڿǵĲǺܵôӳ鰡
Ŵ飬ǻôֻΪǳҪЩԱɲڴӳ鰡
帮֪ΪҪһҪ
ٵָ￼ǵĲꡣ
帮һҲ˵ͣͣҲһ򡣡дмӣҷŸǽô
߳ŭѾͷˣҲ֪ģôΥʥôʱһᵯġ
帮΢΢ЦѾ£Ҳöþͻнģٵһɡ
ŴһۣмȷŭΣҲ˵帮ȨԤûȨֻҪʡҲûͨ
Ŵ󽥽ٵĵǾӹš
ټŴϵĵǣȻתΪϲ̫ϣܹǼվͬһ棬Ҳ˵ϣܹ帮

µ棿
Ŵ¹󣬲˫ۣԵüǲ죬ֱǺٳϡ
ŴʱҾǰŸյ帮ž͵ˣʮа˾Ͷˡ
ⲻӦѽ帮ɲҵңıӻŵģҪ侮ʯԾȳӵģӦңͶ£ֹѵ¸潻ĵȷȷҪⷽ˲ţ϶ֹ˵ģֺαضһأ
飬顣
ڤ˼ʱȻһẰ̧ͷһֻŴһɻĿ
ʲô
Ŷûʲôҡҡͷ
Ŵ飬ҲҶ˵һ䣬帮ɲһжµˣ㴦飬þͻǵĶ顣
ҲҪǵЩеûģֻϣһ㣬ǲҪҡһһȥ̸ġ
ĺͷôΨһİ취帮̸ϣտûй帮è׽Ϸ
ա
帮ʷһڣֻһˣǺա
벻Ǻġ帮һ£Բ
ֻҽģҵģҲΪʲôе졣΢΢Ц
ǣ帮ţԺĲƸʷҲǾţһë
⻰̫ˡһЦֵ
л
帮֮󣬺ձҲӦ֪Ϊɡ
帮鶨Ϊһ¶ʵ㲻Ҳȥġ
Ϊ֮䣬ǾˮˮôΪһ֮֮ô
ĵĺ棬Ͳ帮ĨǣչԼΪ¸帮ûаϵ帮ôǳģȻ
ԩ帮ûн˵
վĿ
ġ帮ҵʱ˵ҷǳֺ֧ôģźȥɡ
ЦҲ֧֣ˡ޶ۣ͸⻰˼
帮̾ɼѽ֪ԴӻԱϢȥ֮еҲ֪ԱйƶȵģҪ͸ѡηɡ
յһ䣬ʲôϵ


1513 
ʲôϵ
ûбֱӵĻˣǾˮˮ¸ûϵ͵һ㰡
Ҳ治Ҫ帮䣬ǰǲѣֲǵˣ໥֪֪ףûбҪ˵Щ׻
帮һĨ죬Ҳ̫ˣܱûˣ뻹ˣʲôܳôǺһЦ飬ܷҽ˵ꡣ
ջһĲˬԸꡣ
帮΢΢һЦ飬ķǳ֧ôģ֮Ҫ£Ϊֹȥǡǡ෴Ϊ˽һбøӹ淶ɶΪ˺롣
ҷ治ƭģȷ͵ںٶеǳϣεɶǶ֮׳꣬⳯ǨҲűǣЩ㲻ʲôǵĳٻ޹ġʹҽղ˵ҲµģϾΥ͢ƶȵģǻѭġ
ճƬ̣ͻȻ帮ʵ֪θӹ淶أ
Ǵ˰帮ЦģҳƶɫҪҪͨѡΣʮϸ񣬶ңûʮϵǲġ
һƶȻϵµΣӵܰռŹλȴֶ£Щвܵˣͷɣȴò
ʵӺһȥ٣ܹһкܶԱǹԱ㣬Щֻ֪֣˭ԸȥɳĮڣҲ߱ȥĲܣǱƲѲŵȥģ𣿡
ޱ飬ǲ֪ô
帮θõ˲
ʵͣ
帮ΪˣŶҲĽ顣
ꣿ
ЦŵͷǱ߼ȱ˲ţôһӣ»ᵢ°
帮Цһ㻹뺫ģò˶õģᵢصĽ衣
ճĬһͷˣͷˡ
帮ЦˣĲ飬Ӧ뺫ģҲͻȻ۷׷ףǸϽȥѯһֲҪ鷳ӦףЩ岢Ƕǻ֮ˣôһ״Ӧģδζǽͣβֱһ㣬¶ƶȡ
Եͷ鿼ǵĻ飬Ϊĳ˲ģβѡ
帮Ǻǵңң帮֮¡
յϢ֪¡
һһ
̸¹帮Ҳ뿪ˣϾû˽Ҳûп˵ġ
ֻڿ⣬ȵ帮ߺ淸ǳðΣ̾˿ǲò

ڻ谵Сڣ޼ڰϣƵȴδϵǳ
Ǿڶ档
ɫ
ã޼ɻ˵
νǴûƷƷģһһأòŵ˵ǾǹԱū澡
յͷ
޼ɵο
յʵⲢѲ£ھƷʱǷǳѵģеĹְ¢ϣ峯ƾ٣΢ſһЩҳ̳ƣҽһſܵ˵Ƿǳѵġ
帮ôǰһ󲽳ȥôĿĺܼ򵥣ǳŹȥġ
޼ɵͷ˵ĲӵӣҪٲʲô£һɫſ֮帮˵ôĹְᱻЩռݣʱֻʵ
˵¶ɫôδҲ̫֪ǳˣһô𶼽̱ӵ߹ٵ󣬶߹ֽ߷ѣеϵϷ˭Ҫ̫ʥǳŶѹ˶ľģ峯͢ôһһеһж
ַŭıڳ޼ϣǺټģǵˣ̫еϵȻҲԼˣҲǼ߹ٵ
󣬳Ĭ
޼ɿһۣΪ飬һ㶼δɡѵôô
һ̫̾ξҵʱ뵽һ㣬ǡһʵҶû뵽帮һ㣬ֹĻ˼Ҷ˵ֻԼˣᵳӪ˽ңƻܶ˸ǳûֹҲ̫ξһԭ򡣡
Ҳ֪廹ϵˣȻûа취ϷʹУҲǳȥġ޼ҡͷһ̾Ϊһж帮ı𣿡
帮Ȼ࣬ĿǳҲΪܹ뵽һ㡣յҿʮа˾ǻʺıġ
޼ɵΪؿ϶
յΪʺǰңҲҪ帮ˮˮ帮ʹҶȻùģ帮ⲢҪֹңĳ̶ֳǰңȻʵҡ
޼ɺǺǵλʺԦ֮ǾϷ򶼲ò
ûȻĬˣûôĸ֮Ĳ׽ᡣ
޼ͻȻʵҲʲô֮£ΪôϷ򣿡
ɫ̫ξҲӦòˣʵ͸ȥʱʺôƫƫѡʱ⣬Ҳ֪е׹ϵġ
޼ûһβ֪ͨμҶϲڳô£Ϳ⣬Сȥ
ּ˵ǻʺѡôɼǾҪ壬
޼ɵΪʲô㲻˵ȥ
յĹԱ壬ǹй壬й̫ξΪףһеĶԹԹʺ󲻴Ź̫ξģ˵һֱڳĿŬ
޼΢΢üͷΪϷӦô
ճɲ
޼ɵл˵޷˵һϣϷһֱҲδͷ
յҾֱ˵ˣв̫֮ξ¡
޼ɵͷ
΢΢ü׻˵˵²̫ξһζȥӦ׼ʱʺս
޼һĨȣ۵ϷûмǴĻϷѡ˱ᣬΪνֽϷʺս
յҽ̫ξ˱ᣬΪ˴ƣҽ̫ξͦͬҲΪ˴ƣʺΪһ˽˹֪ǴȴҪô
˵˶٣ּ˵֮⣬̫ξѾӳ˳ʺȴģɼһսǱ޿ɱˣȻˣΨӭս
ʵǺΪرĵطȻǳҷˣͱ¶̬Լԭ򣬶˼ҵĵǹɷΪΪʴתһãԴ帮һԴǡǡǺĵطһͳߣƽ⣬ǰԵ
޼ɳƬ̣޻˵Ϸվ֪ʲô𣿻ʺǺٻˣϷվԵĿɲǻʺ󣬶Ǳ¡
յͷҵȻ֪̫ξΪ˴ƣѾܹһУʺ󻹲Ź㣬̫ξȥܻ÷ǳ⣬޷ء
޼ɵĻϷվĻҲһܹȡʤ
յ̫ξվǾһġ
޼ɵϷվҲһģΪĻϷ½޷͵ľ棬ʱ򣬿һضûˡ
ֻĻԥվԵĲܻ϶ΣݣĵλƴĻǽء
ҪǣʤˣҲֻһ٣λǻʵۣԣ޼ɲǰһȨ㳯Ұ˵ĻɾȫˡƺѾΪ˸󳼵ҲΪʲôиܹꡣ
յҲϣ̫ξ¶ֻϣ̫ξܹԼԽΪˡ
޼ɵԽΪˣ
յͷҪ̫ξ֣϶帮ڴͷ󣬱¾ô룬ܻݾƵı仯仯һҪˣǾ̾ͷڳƵļƣͬʱɿգϵѹĻ¿ܻѡϢˡ
޼գĬãһжδʱ̸£Ϊʱ磬Ϸ롣
Եͷ̫ξɵüʱ׼Ԥǰ㡣
޼ЦŵͷԴ˺ͨҡֱϣᣬ㲻ˮǰ;޿ģһҲûк·ˡ
ʵҲ֪ӺյþϢˣҷԴһ˺Ĵɾͻ÷ǳ⣬вܾٲ֮أںյļףеǳ졣
Ц̫ξŲţҶЩúܵԵĻϣڼҴӣҲȱǮģֻϣұøһЩΪһõĻҲǱº̫ξ֪֮ҷҾͻѡ뿪
޼ЦΪ㻹뿪ô
ŵЦҲΪ뿪ȵ⻧ѡ
޼ӺƬֻ̣΢һЦҲûټ˵ȥˡ
һҲ뿪ˡ
⣬ҹգ̾⼸İݵѾеĥһˮ
˵ͻȻһĨЦ⣬Ÿ˼ÿ񳯡


1514 Ϸ
ǲŹ޼ɵģһģǶڳ޼ּˣǾƲĴģƳնݳû
޼ԼȻҲһ㣬ʲô⣬ʵҪΪ޷޼ɵûʵؼΡ
޼ҲΪͨסΣǾƣǣȻûݱֹսĴ㣬һƵƵôͲܼϣϡϾĵˣôǷε˼һ㳤޼޴ӵ֪Ҳǳ޼Ϊͷ۵ĵط
ںնԣ֪ԼһյģܽҷһֱȥԣһǾǧŶԣÿ񶼻һֻһս϶ǷȨ۷壬ǳ˱Ҳ׼ӭһսʱҪľ˽ÿ˵˼
һ޼֮ͻƵȥҤǱߡ
ɲǷ˯ûУһɽû¸ɵģһæøƵãǵȻǰǨͺߡ
ˣ
ȪʱȪǱվһλӣ䣬һϮȹӳ£Եһ㡣
ƹȪЦôû˯ڵҰɡ
һ㶣£˵ʲôʲôɡ
£
Ŀ˺ۣʲô
ɷµ˵һСĵϷ;Сȭһߴţһ߽ţûûȴܹ治죬Ĳ˵Ҫס㣬Ҷиڽˡ
浭ô㾭ϷСô

յⲻص㣬صӦҺοΪʦǻ˲˼ϡ
ֻһۣյһ衣ᣬֻǵϣձ졣
Ӵһ㲻ͬŶУҾٿ㣬Ƿֹܹˮ˾ﲻ⣬˵ģһˣˣǻ̸°ɣʵҽˣмҪ¸
ʲô£
ΪϣѾ׼ˡ
Ŀۺա
յͷǵģûĻձɳȥˡ
öʱ˫Ŀﻹзǰ㵭ȵΪʲô
лǲհһЦ⻰˵ֹˮôҲʧȥ˴ڵļֵȴ̾˿ΪѾΪǹͬĵˣﶯƵƵܻ̫ξҪΪǿ
⡪ģЩ
յͷԭҴġ
գʹĬü͸һ˿
յΪǳĵġ
ͻȻ̧ͷ㡪ΪǺӵĶ𣿡
յҵҪģҪԼô
ʹͷ
ѾǳԣûС
յ㻹û׼ð
ǲǺûãһƬȻλŽǺӴӺ󹬸ϳҵĽʱܵʹ࣬ǡָеЩ¡
յ㺦ʲô
ҡҲ֪
Ƶ˵ô죿
ĿۺգܲٵһٽһЩֶΡ
յͷðɣǾٸһЩʱ䡣
һ㶣û뵽ջӦظɴ࣬һȻӦˣǹƭҵġ
ô£ֻһöӶѡʵÿκ뿪֮˼Ӧգ˼ζԸʱ仹Ҫ࣬ÿǻᱻƭͷתģȻΪĻ
Цأ
һ㶡
յɼû׼ãϽеףʵǺܺġ
ҡһ̧ͷһı飬ֽߵĻȥҲ˵ö԰ɡ
һЦ㲻Ҫ£һ㶼ҪԶԼûģҪģһᱣġ
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ҡͷЦҲҪ̫жгһȥͬʱʧˣҲģʵڱԼ
ɫһߵҲûиж
Ǳòˡȴмҵûƭ㣬ǵ潥£ˣɵ׼
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һҲϻƭˣǲƭ˵ġ

һǴŲͺ棬ڶǾŭΪһԲϾ·ˡ
һ¶񣬴Ŵ̿µˮһ̹
бĿһƳҡͷгΡúյûƭģȥĿѾԽԽˣһǰ˵ЩԱΪʵҲȫòź£ֻҪסһͿˣһһֱվ󣬵߳һ̿ʼǵ˽һ𡣡
Ĭһ˵ͷ֪ˡ
ֵԼҲŬҽ˸£ý裬Ӧûǰɡ
裿ͷЩƵãһĨš
һ˽һŮ裬˻༶ģ̫ˡɲһ档
յڻȥͷãȽϽȹӣͿʼɡ
˵꣬첻ӦعͷȥֻʯݸһЦһԶԶԶԣ㶼ˣһҲĹ֮һȻôźңǾȹɣҹ˯ߡ
䣬㼱Сȥ
Ůˣ
Цҡҡͷ
һٷ򣬺ղĴȪ·ãֳŶںιŮԳˡ
Ƭֻ̣СгĳѾһ٣ȱ͹Ե쾡£ѩ׵ķɫµӣĵĸһǰۡ
ŮκһжǿɰģȻܡ
뺫ջԶͣЦӦûǣΪʲôɣ
㵵Ϊʲô
Ȼǹ°
üС壬Ȼûܺյֱš
ȴǲܣֵѵվôԶܹн¹ôԣʩɣҲóȥˡ
ǣô
յǰ§һġ
漫Ȳźգѩ׵ϸһ˿ΣȴǸޡ
յѾȵˣҲٱ㣬Լ뿴ɣʣʱĲˡ
ۺգֵüţʵ뺫м֮ףڳˣڹ˹ȥ
ջǺֱס֡
һ
ƺԤϵˣû
̧ͷһۣγˮˣŵһҪѧôһʲôá
յȣﲻ裬Σ㹴˵ֶ̫٣󣬱ҲδʶһʸУֻҪõúã԰ܴæ
˵գֿ˵ûĻǾͿʼɡ
ʣͻȻ§סϸԼһԼϣͲ˼ĸܡ

澪һȫܹܵϴѧŮܲȫ෴ѽʶһֻץסյ첲Ŀźգ㡪㡪
в֪˵ΪȾ͸˵ˣ޷ܣҪǺ̫ˣֱŻˣˮۿдת
շַֽԼļϣһֲҪôӲҪһ㣬轲˵ЭҪͨúá
ǡ
ǿʼɣ
մĻֲĸܣʼ貽ʵǺĽ裬赸տǴʦģЦ椵һ
δӦձ㿪ʼ貽һ߽һߴƶŲ
δ£§ڻͨ죬ܹšˮͬС¹㵽ײ
ӶԺģλս̿Ρ

ͻȻһ
շŰ۵ιȵҵĽţʲô
æǸҡ
Цû£ֶģҲôģվĲȾˣѾ׼
һЦ漴ֺⲻ㷢ģ
ڲ̸ʱ򣬼о񡣡
ŶԵͷ࣬ͷֻһʿݣǾרҵҲ˶ר
츳ǲףǰ϶зǳ赸ӣܿ죬͸˺յĽ࣬뺫Ȫ裬üͶ롣
һյˣվ͵ɡ
أ
ô㻹ô
ǣǡֱҡͷ
յܲȷſҡ
£ֺյ˫ֵѾ֣˫ȴںϡ

澪һ˫ĿôģŵĿԼ˫֡
ģÿɰЦߵʯ£ȴֹסЦ⡣
Ҳѹݺݶһ½ţŭĵźգδ˵ʲôĿ΢ϣ˿ȻҲʯϣŲˮֹˮ·𷽲ŵһжδ
Ǵ޵Ц⣬һˮͷʯϡ
͵͵Ƴۺգա
һ
Ƭ̣ҡܱܲѧ衣
յΪʲô
⡪⡪ɺͳܸоЩ֣Ҳϲġ
յֲģûֵĸоҾͻеˡ
˻
һ֮Ϸ˼壬ΨɶʱܹӳļֵǽֻȻоһЩ֣ԭͲǶԵģûʲôֵġµʱͻһĸо
һ㶣ġĸо
յͷѽоЩɬЩţȴֳϷӪķΧ֮Уԡ
桪
գգۡ
յ˵˵ģʱһ¾ˡ
ƺδĿš


1515 ɫ
帮˵ǰ㣬ܿ͵õλţҶüӼźġ
ͨҲ漰ЩڵȴȱְĽʿλ˵ݲس׼ȥһʱ䣬ɵȻԭ
˹עҪȥȫµɫƶȻ󲨡
ô
ⲻǺô
ߣȥҶʸס
Ҳ̷ֻ塢֮ĻҩζŨ
ʵɫڹԱ˺ģΪһǾʹˣҪλǷǳѵģûκġǼڳеɫ϶κʿǲȥģǶģȨ棬Ȼѡߣǰֻʱ˺ǳԶ档
ôڹ˫شһ˾һ棬˹ڳеǰƶȣԴԴϵĲ󳼵ĶǹԱſɫĻһᱻٶҪƶȣǺǿĳ
ԱȻԣǻʵ۲ڣûȥԣֻȥҪʸס
á
дô£ΪҵȽǲ֪
ӣָ帮ŭ帮ͬǶһŲ֪Щʱһ±ƣ̫ϳӶԣ̫ˡ帮ôƻ˹أҶѾĬ´һš
帮һĨ֮ɫҲһЦϢŭĳλǰҪλʹµġ
¬Ĳ֮ɫ飬ʥּˣǣδ̫һЩɡ
帮̾˿Ҳ³򰡣Ҹġ
̿գ͸һ˿˿ǣҪǱΪ飬õƽᱻƣո帮ĵжԣһ̶ϣҲǺܺõƽ˳е
֪һҪõյȻϵƤЦⲻЦҼǵʱҲѾˡ
帮ⲻҲûа취ôôżҲò°
Ц
¬Ǽ飬ַֹˣΣղվ帮Ǳߵġ
Τ˼ǫ㳵ˣ˵ЩѾã֪ҵȣ⾿ô£Ӹңûô
帮ЦŶģŹڻҪһ֮£Ƕ֪ɡ
һûûˣԷ˰ۡ
¬Ѿ֪кι
帮ǽϢ֮Դ˸еձƶȶԣЩһϸЩͷ˵ȻƽɺôҲпԭҲǷǳ֧֣ΪˣҲ£ſɫһܹƽϢŭҶڹҲǺ¡
Цһϡѽ벻㻹Щĸܡ
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帮Ǻǵ鲻Щ˷Ҳ˵˶롣
㡪
ŭ帮
Τ˼ǫߵˣ¹شûһˣΪԱÿö÷ǳӵĸһӰ쳯͢ǡôǼд˽ġ
帮ǺǵҿΤةд˽İɡ
Τ˼ǫüͷһ壬Τ˼ǫأ˵ףΤĳ˼дô˽ģ
帮ЦҾ˵Τة޹Ⱑ
Τ˼ǫ㵫˵޷ĻΤĳԵл
ҿɾֱˡ
帮ɫеĹԱ붼ǳʿ壬дɢ٣ų͢ٺ»ȴΪ͢Ч³йԱ࣬Ǻֻܱȴѡ˲ȥ
ιιιʵ̲סˣ帮Ļ飬£ǳҺò
֣֡Ǵ˶Ҳòᰡ帮æ
մ˴ͷ¶εı顣
ȻҪֹ£Ϊ帮޹أںһֲݵģǱ߳޼ɲڴ̾͸˺Ƥ¬˿ģֻǱ帮ˣҸһߵģǧˡ
帮Ҳĺջᷢ쭵ģֵ㲻һ£Ǿ˵˵ƶȣ塢ʿ塢дԱĺƶȣ볯Ϊ٣һԱЩӣ㿴̫ξļӲŶ󣬾ѾƷɢ١ȥҲ߹ٵ󣬵Ǵδ˶Դ˵仰⣬ԱκҲûгֹ߹ٵֻʱܹٵĶʿ壬йԱֶǳʿ壬´ﶼסΤةҿ֮ԷԣҲֻǹŹ棬ǷſƶȣֻǾͲô˵ˡ
¬Բӣ䣬̫ʥϲҲ˹ҳʼѾһƶȣ˵˶Դ˵仰أ
帮¬Ҳˣʱ̫ʥŶҪǵʱò޷֧ӴĹٺ»ֻ½Ͳˡ
ЦҲ˵Ϊţǳƽδһţǹƽ
ҲҲ
帮ڰ֣Ҿ޴⣬ôҲֻΪ͢룬ĹԱ£ȴ߹ٺ»ĴǾȥڹҾҴ٣Ҫ˲ţʴ˱²ǿҪΨǾ٣ٵſͽвֻ֮Ϊ޷ͷΪ͢Ӧᣬǿһչ֣ͬʱҲԼЩӵܣٲŬעᱻ̭ġ
˻һ¬˽һ
帮⻰˵÷ǳֱӣͬʱеģӵܳǹԱֿɵõĶ˭ȥϧ嶼Ը٣Ļ븶ȳʮŬл⻰һûУΪʲôѵ帮һѵôһֱǹȨҲϰƶȡǰ˭ڳⲻǳҪ¹ô
帮֤ڳѾܹ忹⡣
¬졢Τ˼ǫɶǸŴճֶ˾ӣҲ֪Ǹʲôڳڣֻ̾
һֱĬĺնոڵģһﲻңҵ·дǺǣʱ治֪˭˭


1516 ֻܹ۸
һҪ飬Ҳû̸һȻôʥּ帮ȻΪӮҡ
ʵһ岻ֹΪʵ۲ڳʥּ£˼ʡʡͨˣû˵ȥǳӣɲܹȻΥʥּģֻϣ帮ʩѹһ㣬Ȼʵ˵ϧȴ帮ҧһڡ
ܹ˭أ
ȻùֹԼ˼ϽﶷںĵĲ˵帮Щ˿ӡ

Ǻǣʺǳֲѽ¬˶޲ߡڸЦڻϣһ仰û˵ΪһֱߣЩ¹йıȻ֧帮ģ˼ҽЩһȥԾͲ˵˵Ǿ֧帮ġ
帮ЦʺհԶΪ͢һ缲ǶǵĿǳ˿ԿԱġ
ǷǳģΪ©δʧܹһν
ֵϵܣ¹شɵһ㣬ɲҪץסѱˡ
帮ǰƵģȫһôԱѱ֤ڷǳģ˵ȻǸɵöһЩ£ڰƨҲ۵ġ
帮һĨΣͷģ֪ʺҲңȵЩԱ֮ٴһЩ˲ȥ
ͬĵͷĿͻȻ˸˼£м£ҵϵһ¡
帮ֵ˵޷
ڵܹ֮ԣ޷ǾһƿŲǺβ˻ᣬһЩ˽뻧ڻˬľǺգǺŲյĺܶߣûԻŪʡʵΪʡǵλһЩΨһ飬նһЩйǸ͸ȥ
帮֣֣¿ǧܸɰ֣¬ˣҵǲ壬ΨһЩǣûи£ҲͲҪȥˣҪǽƼˣûаãʱʺҲ˵ȥġ
Ѿú£Ҳûôȥ㻹ȥһǣĽոǻˣֻֻΪĿеĵλǷǳߵģһƶˣֲʲô˾ӣҲĺܣһжԤٽչﻹȥҲʹ졣
帮вΪȻǿյģΪ帮ӦȥºգҲûж˵ʲôǽ帮ȥġ



֪ǵͲӦô
Ŵݺһţ飬֪֪帮˵ȥҲܹһǧԱУһǧѽڲǶĸ帮ĴģⲻǰʯͷԼĽô
յβ֪ʲô취Ƕ𣬶ұǱҲ׼ˣҪ˵ʲôĻԼԼҲûϵô¡
Ŵһת飬Ϊǿɲܷ帮ô취һ帮
бĿһƳʲô취
ŴѹֻҪϵĸܹסٺ»Ļ帮
óü˵ȥ
ŴʱˣǿԽٺ»ΪԹΪÿÿôǮ˶٣ǹܲţٺ»ĻǿɾȨ
պǺһЦһĻÿ𶼵÷ɫΪԽ࣬ôԱٺ»Խ٣ôôѹȻջس
Ŵͷ
΢һûȻñ´ӦԹΪλַٺ»ѵ帮ῴʲôϷôȻѾվ帮ǱߣôֻҲʹ졣
ŴڨڨͷȷǿǵĲꡣ
ʵﲻ֪Ϊпܹһ㣬ΪǮǺյǿΪûϣҲֻա
ǡǾ帮ôŴֵ
յȻܡ
Ŵһϲǲ֪ô죿
յȻѾ˳ˣǵȻҲһЩҪõˡ
Ŵɫһⲻͬôͽôôһĸ⣬Ǳֻﵽͷ
ճƬ̣ȻֹܹôΨһİ취Ӳ룬ôȾ͵ðյøԣǲյ˰ӦӴĹŻǻɺԼ¾Ϳˡ
Ŵʧ֮ɫ׿帮˵˵ƾʲôҪⱣķ帮޼ɵԼ档Ȼûдֹ帮˼Ҳ֪ոĹϵʴڨڨӦһ뿪ˡ
ŸպϣһĨЦݣƭҪصĴۣǧŶɣҲġ
ڻһձȥˡ
ǰ
үү˵ˣȥһˡ
ſӭĹܼңջˣǰ˵
֪ˣ
յͷȻȥ
ˣСˡ
ˣɣ
֮Ϊɫһ£Ҳ˵ˣʵ˵зݲ룿
յ²˵Сûв룬С𣬵С治֪帮ôɡ
Ҳ˵Ⲣ帮Ⱦõġ
ҡҡͷˣҾôҲܻ帮ۣͬǼһʲôҸ̫±ᡣ
˾ͺã
ͷϻһЩǡ
ʵˣǲǳʲôأ
ûгʲô£ֻǶԴ˸еǳȻⲻ⣬ǾͲҪˡ
Ǻϵĺ֢ղǸĹ壬һǴźŵ棬ϿǾøʢĹ壬ȻгͻģʵһֱЭϾջ÷ˮʧһҲ޷Ҳ˼ҵĸ档
ɫڸŴգǳǳģҪʵڳĻˡ
ҲЦӰбǶ֪ûйϵҪ˵Ҳ֮ܺһ˵΢΢¶Ц
΢΢ü˼ǣ帮£
յͷ
̾˿
ֵǣ⳯вңôǰҲû帮ǳƽˡ
Ǻǵѵ㿴ÿ
ǲ̫ϲġ
ԺһɫҲˣˣ¿Ҫˣȥſڿ
һ㶣ζӳ£ⱾӸ˵ĻȴӺλ˵δҲ̫뾭ѵŮ˶ﵱȻ˰Цŵ˵ͷ
ոոǰԺͼ´ſ˽
ˣ֡
¼÷ƣʱʧӰ٣Цһչ˹ȥҵô
ȻǵġЦǺǵһʧҵˣܹˡ
ȴüһ壬ǲǳأ
㶵˻
µɱƭңҶѾ֪ˣ帮ȥ£ſɫ
յҲ֪ˡ
Ҷ̸۴¡µͷֺݺݵ帮̫
չһЦһסµ֫СԺǱȥ߱ߵ˻ģϳ⣬ûܹ۸ңһ


1517 
뺫һǷǳƵģǾǶϲӳԶȥ֣ἱһԳӡ
һεȻҲ⡣
ȻʥּѾˣ帮û˵һкϸȫΪԱָֽЩȫΪԱȻȥһռͶ㶨ˣٻҪһЩֻҪǺյҪȫӦûа仰ʵһֱ𣬱Ͼ棬ú¡ȻſʼֽЩһֱڵȺȱĽʿˡ
Ҫ֪һصɫ帮Щû̫ĹϵĿǰΪ֮Щ֮⣬ͻûһõ
ڴ֮ǰ󳼶帮ֺΪĿǰûа취ȥֹ帮ǳֻǽЩȺĽʿˣܹܵģ˼ҿȡʿҪ˵ģҲǺģǶϣһϣȵλȥ˵ʴܹܵģﻹ˿
ûǰĺ䶯
Ǻ֪ⶼ·ˮܣⷽǳڳˡ
ڷʱǵϣΪϲã䣬ʿ֮Լ볤޼ɵĲģǼõģҲչֳ㹻ģһ޼ڳеһڳеҲֲĵطÿһʵڶ̵ֿķΧڡ
⣬ѧƿҲһĳһؿƾٹƿƵĽʿȫԺǳƵĻڵȴƾٵƽѾƿб帮ôһŪƽ̵򳣿ƣƿƵĿԺѧϰֱˡ
ܶԭԥĿٶƫ򳣿ơ
ȻЩڵȴĽʿ֪Ϣϲڵȵƿˣͷˣһӵί
Щ˿ɶвŻˣв֮ʿֻǳ̫ãЩǹ壬ʴһֱڵȴȱǵô꣬ûԹ𣿿֪Щһ볯Уǿ϶֧ģǹͷֶбµˣЩƽӹ֮ԳΪԿʿм
һߵãǾ˶ͷ۲ѡ
̫ξ
帮Ѿ½½˲볯ѾΪһǸǱ䱾ݹƣҲЩڵȴĽʿϰ֮࣬Щ˶볯У⽫ᵼԭһ˾Ϳ£ȴֳӦòеİɣ
˵գ޼ɡ
޼ɵͷ̾ΪʲôҪҪԭ˶ˣ͢ת÷ǳ´һҪػأʱִҪϺü£ִܹУҲΪʲô̫ʥϾľ
˵ۣң⻹ϡڳе
еٺŴҹңϣ̫ξֹܹһУ׿Щԣôȥġ
޼ɵʲô
е²ڣʡ帮ڰѳţ⣬ǻʥּ֣ҲֻǸŭԣҪǡ
˵ˣֹסԿ˳޼һۡ
ԣǹȱ䡣
޼¶ԥ֮ɫҲΪϷӦվô
üͷһ壬ʵҲֳ֪վôľ˭Ҳ޷ԤơϧغҲվ帮ǱߵģֵĻܹʱֹ帮±𡣡
޼ɵ㺫ղվ帮ǱߵģҲûֹճֵĻںŵĵλһǧɣңջƿƿ棬帮Ҳ£˵ѹƣⷴøӸӡ
еֳ֪˼ǣ
޼ɱĿһ̾ٿɡ

帮ǳ֪Ȥյ°׵֮󣬺վͲٹЩ£ԺܣΪԺڼĿѾĲˣ
гô£ΪҪ󳼵ĺգȻȥҵԭǲ˼ģǴҲϰˣÿ£ֻҪûǣգվͲŲʣһ˼ǹҵչڳзٳʵܶ˶⣬ⲻһҪ󳼸øɵ£ǺأأǰզզأҾˡ
հƣ뺫һӴԺ˳
ҲˣʱʼﱸƱˡɣľԸ
ɣľͷһᰲŵġ
ȴҪٵȵȣҲһʱᡣ
㶵ΪΣ
һɫֵǷзСɶ̸£ֻЩҲĹעǴԺβͷȥ˵
շ˷۵˵㰡Ǵʱɲܴ
һ±ƵĿźա
ЦǺǵſˣʱһģǵԤڵĶҪһЩ
ȵ⡪ôܣ
赭дûʲôܵģʱ㿴žͺˡ˵ţɣľɣľȥŰɡ
ɣľɲǹģЩ˵ͷ

βҲ޽ĴԺҪҼˡ
ձҲǳԺŵϢ֮󣬴ԺʽţʱٰһĻʢ磬дĸ˶ǲݳ֮󣬾ʽƱ
һҲ״һǮĻƱһǮһǮ
⵹һС˲ϰһǮͻȻǵһǮһǧѽǵ߯Ҳˡ
Ҳһֵ֧ģΪǮǳһǮ̫ˣؤƱľƣ
ҲΥŵһǮĻǷ¥ģǴԺȻҲǷ¥£ǴԺӪģʽ¥ǽȻͬ¥ֻԼҵĽĿǴԺһԺ˭Ǯ˭ܹݳƱҲǺ˵㡣
ңҲϣЩҲ磬ǵüӽɻǸЩǮûеطõ׼ġ
ֻСˣԣ󲿷˵Ĺע㶼ɫ棬ΪϵŹ뺮ţԺƱϢ֮󣬾󲿷˶һЩ£ԺʲôûԤǰ㼤ҵķӦУҲǶںյĲΪҪ󳼣Ȼĳд£ȥʲôԺǲҵ
ԭͶԴΪһ壬ʱţԾͲǺʱ
ͬʱҲǳ棬棬ԳƵڶǾû˸ҳƵһôִܻ
˭Ҳɺյľֻջһ㣬ܹ漣
ձǿĻʢƱӣƱص㣬ͰڴԺ
Ͻĵ·޵ͨ˴Ҷʯ·¹η꣬ǱߣпׯͨԺ
Żʱ𡢲ƽļĸǾѾ˴ԺΪûлسһֱæƱˡ
ʱǸ鶼ǳԭÿ˶ڴԺģⲻ͹ˣ˭ҲҴƱΪӴձķӦֱԵ˼㣬һЩ֮⣬û̸£Ҷ̸۹ɫ£Ʊ룬ôԺĿſܾͻʧܣΪܹһǮϷģǮˣЩֶɫ߻ܺߣ𡢲ǹģΪЩﻹ硣
һѾۿƱʱϾҪˣǴԺǰȴֻСèֻɽȼĸˡ
С磬ձǲûдʱ
һյĺա
⻰̽գձʱдˣѵ᲻֪ôػضʮ飬ֻʶѡ
Цôд
ĸΪֻôˣ
յӳڹѵҪʱôĺˣͻˡϣ֣ˣȹȥˡ
˵ţձǰӭȥֻһͣڴԺǰͣǰӳˣ֣к
֣ӣӣǻӭǰֵ
΢΢Цⲻûʴ˲Ÿ
̫ԭҵˣȻչ
֣ĿһɨȷʵûƱּȷʵһɣЦõС磬㶼ҸŪͿˡ
մ㵵˻
֣кЦɲǿŵĺʱ
հڰֵûбõʱˡ
ȤԸꡣ
ЦǺǵȥ˵롣
֣һۣͬʱЦŵͷ뺫һͬȥ
һԵĲ˼մʱ˵Цⶼֱۡ
ɾʱһС˼ææŲĸˣˡ
ǶʱһæĿȥƬֻ̣һӳǱ
ˣˣЩĸʱϲѣؿڵĴʯͷˡ
ͬʱﶼʺţЩô˼Ʊ


1518 ̸Цк
һʼǾ͸ͣһĶ飬಻
ʱʮѾԺǰ
ǵˣ
ֻһ湫Ӹǰ
ּһ˴гǺǵĻǲ
Զ˺Τ֡
ԭ͵ܣˣ
ֻһŽ»˴Ǳ߶һӢĹӸ磬һǹʿ
Χһ𣬶Ժָָ㣬ʱʱͷƺԺķǳ͡
һԹۿĲѾϲý뵽𾪵ı顣
Щ˿ɲһѽǶǳдԱߵ¸صʿ򣬶ֻƱɸˣαǰˣԼĶӡӣʲô
ܿ죬Ʊǰ˳Ķ飬ˣЩԹǣվһԣһ߹ۿԺһ̸ЦǵĶӡԺĹԱĴ⡣
ˣԴԴϵ߸һ⣬ȫǴԹ󣬺ûĶ˼ƱǴԺͣܿѾǳΪˡ
ǶѾʯˡ
ҲУҲ
վڶ¥ڵ֣վڴԺ¥ĴڣһľúðΣŻתͷȥźգ⡪⾿ô£
΢΢ü˼š
ЦôҲǻ飬ôܲ
֣һûվŵĶһЩˣҵ仰ǿɲġС磬ͱˣ˵˵⾿ô£ΪʲôҵǶˡ
ЦΪǲΪʲô
֣еȻΪ׼˷ſɫʿԣɲһϢλƱ
յҲΪһ㣬϶һġ
֣æʵ˻
ղʵΪ֮ǰΣ
Ȼá
鲻õˣֻ
Ѱҿĵ¡
ȷ
Ц²ڣҲûֹ帮ΪұȻҲվ帮ǱߵģȻˣͻתתɽˮ裬ڳҲֻʿ׼ʿĸν£һ룬ȻòǣѹǣҲͷЩֺ֮£ߣܹչֳʿԺõƷʿĻ
֣Σҡͷ̾벻벻ǻҪ˽ʿ塣
պǺǵԹ壡
ͻȻأ
յʲô
Ȳʿ壬£ȻǱ帮ǸˣΪ㻹ɣڴ¸ǲŲʡ
֣ҲһĿźա
պǺһЦҸȥȥܵõʲôȨѾǻ飬һôᣬǰ;ƸǺǣҿٺ»ûùӮˣΣˣΣܹıʲô𣿲ǳж༸ԱټԱѡ
֣еɲô˵ôȥнΪһ߹ٵǽҴصĸһ׶˰
յ֪֪Ժ˶ˣҲǧˣһıƽķٷķܹչԼĲŻǿƤ׬ǮڰǴһǵΪʲôΪ˰ôֻҪյãôҾͲңһҲνҲ͢ҲһֱģżܹŶ
ۣС磬ʵÿ˵öеˡֱԣҲϻôеڣңһΪ˹ҺͰյĹԱ޶أ
֣еͷ֮С磬﾿µʲôҩ
̾˿ҪңҲûа취ʵҾôֱˡ
΢΢һЦǷűҪŶӵģģôƱ
յʱһۡ
¥˺飬顣
ƫͷһֻһȺӸ糯֣Ǻˡһ˵Ŀⶼ¥ϡ
˵Ǻã
εҡҡͷֳ֣Сλʧˡ
㡣
ߺ֣бʵο
ҶԺС˽⣬Ҿźһش˽ˡ
֣ü˵ʵҲţ㿴Щ£ƺ˵һһΪ롣
ʵ£һգյ׻ҿġ

˰
¥£źֵ˹ӸЦʵվŵˣǷǸ󣬵ΨˣղǺѣΪ͹壬Ǵںյĺ浱УնǻǷǳġ
ƵΪ֪ܶôˣʧ߰
û֪֪ô˵Ƕҵ衣
һ飬ЩʿصظϹƱ˵ţ۾Զĳǡ
˫һţʲôϡôԺѵ䲻һҫ
ҿûô˵ٺһЦֵ飬ͽǼ¡
Ƕǹӵܣﲻ֪еǶԴҲǳ档
յһ仰ӲҵĴԺ㹻ǰô򵥡
ֽһɵĿźգҲ벻һȻ
ʱ˺顣
ջͷһֻվǰ
ֵ˼æ
ҲЦԭΤ᯴ѧʿʧʧ
ƺͦеģпһݵ˵Τоأһɢģڳû̫ȨȽϸߡ
ߵļ˶ˣûеʲôҪְǲŻ磬ڣܶ˵׷
պǺǵе̸ϣϾµģȼٵģֻǻˣæҲˣҿԴ￴
Ҳ˵ˣڻǲȥ£еķǳ˳
˳Ҳ̸ϣҲһЩʱա
Τҵ˵£ҵһ£֪ɫкο
˻һʱܱ˵ע⡣
ʼҶԴûʲôϾôǿЩԱҲֻȥһ»ɣҲκвʼţǽܻŹģͱⲻ̭в֮ʿǳֻܾЩûˣŻẦ±ȡ֮
òЦϽͷȥ
ΤһߺǺǵ黹Ű
յһһںޱ⻧飬ѵһӦԱ𣿡
鲻Խĵͷ
żżЩ¸صĳǰܹô̸Ц硣
ΤҵӹɵģʵǣΪ¶ڹҶԣΣ
ҡҡͷ֮£ܾ֣Ϊÿµķĵλ֪еףβ˼һ£ΪʲôᷢΪʲôݱˣΪĳһˣΪԭأ
ΤҵüƬ̣п治ΪҴƺ֮еٮٮߣܹ͸ҵ簡
Цλһܹô룬Ҿ߲գ˵һллλӡ
һԲٵĹӵ÷׷¶ɫ㺫վǻ飬Ҳôܹ˵ĸ˵Ǻ
ΤһۣĿɬͷлͽ̡
Ц


1519 Ӧʱ
Զԣÿ˶ֻῴԼίһ棬ȴ˵ίһҲ֤˶˽ϾûʥˣҲֻåˡ
Ϊʲôݱˣ
帮ݵģݵģ
ʵǣҲû͡
ףʵЩν塣
һֱڴѹ壬Ϊ˱棬ףȥѹ塣
νѹԽݣľԽ
ֺ
ߴߣˮʹû˸ԸĶڱ΢ӰУȻҪҪ
Щؿ㣬ܹɰٴ壬н֮¡
Ĺ壬ҲӦˡ
ܵôһίǻԹ߷߲ƽԹԹǵģأ
ܵίǿǴˣֻΪȻġ
ñ˵ſɫȷڳ͢вһ棬ƶȱ׶˸࣬ȴֲ˵ʲôǵˣǻ̵ϣƶȡ
帮Ǳ޳ܣҲúõȥ
ȻҶ˽ˣһ֮ѣͲҪȥ˭˭˵ףǳܿܡ
ʵûʸԴ˵ĵġ
һԱ֮һжǾȡԹˡ
Щ˵ıԹֻǾЩЦˡ
ȻյɲɫǴԺ
գ۹Ʊͱһա
ⲻ𡢲Ԥеĳɹȴе𺳡еĳɹɫһȫǺ䶯˵ĿⶼڴԺĻʵǳƽֻĬĬǰƱ˲࣬Ҷġ
ǰδġ
纫ԣʱ˿̣Щ˱κ˶ҪԺ㷢еĲ졣
ôһת䣬Ϊʱû˿ôԺܹڴʱ˿ȡóɹΪҶΪ˴˿϶ûȥȴû뵽Ժȡ˿ǰĳɹ
ֳϵת䣬ܹ컰⡣
ʴһ֮䣬Ժͽɫķͷڸ˹ȥֶĿתƵԺ
Сﶼ̸۴£ǳĺ䶯
žһ֮󣬲塢ҲжԺյľһĻɡ
̫ˡ
ڴ£Ժŵڽˡ
Ƿ֮ʣԺѾǵƻͨ𡢲һЩŮڶ̨ļ飬ǿǷǳŵģΪܷɹֱӹغƽĴѽЩҪݵĸˣΪʱ֣Ǻ磬ʱ°볡Ͼʹ˲̫ãмϢʱ䣬Ҳܽ
աɣľҲˣǲȥ̨£ԺܱСѲӡ
Ҫ򻯵ģŪһĴԺܱ߿϶״ʩģܱȫʳ꣬㡢㣬С֡һ¥¥¥ŵ꣬ԼĸõΪԺȫݸϷ磬Եһ׼ãҲһܹ׬Ǯ
֮⣬һЩͤ¥ᣬ£ľ뿪ʽģǳ֤ÿ
Ͼֳ϶ŪһЩżЩʿ˹ʵǺܿģֻǷԵ潼ˣǿʵģҪȥݵĻǵȻǿԵģһ׼ԼĳϾҲŮˣҲҪġ
һԺɹˣôݸˣɱҪǰöࡣ
Ƴǿ
ɣľͻȻָ򶫱
վĿȥֻôô簡˵գӭȥ
һֻͣһȺŮ˴ЦЦģòġЩŮǸֵĹԱԼѧԺŮʦºѩС
ôô磿ǰȥЦʵ
Сü򡣡
һЩᱼŵСӷǳغ
ѩǺĿ˺һۣҲ̫ԹԵվں档
ЦŵͷŲֳ档
һȺûгϢĹۣôҲƸģ̾˿ʲô취Ҫ˶ˣɾûŮ˵֮ˡ
տЦûôŰɣԺŮˣ˭ҪҲ֮أһѻԺˡ
һϹ˵

һŮ˷׷ڴֱЦ
飬лƱ
飬㲻ΪŮ֮ѣŮǺãΪר׼ż䡣
ѽҪǺ㣬ǿɲ￴ݡ
飬֪֪ҷûƱ֪ܹ￴ݣĽˡ
ЩŮ˻ûнյˣΧźգߴߴ˵ʵһֱϲսձΪŮ֮ʱ¶ûлس
һԵ¶ʱŭˣǻûģƱҪģǾȻллңд
˵ÿǴʵѽԴӻ켣ڳ߲ȱ֣֤ϣһֶΣǰЩӣҶæˣõһ´ңЩŮ˱ͺǮζǶԣ㲻ʲôôԺţ¾ʺҪһ䣬ר
ŮˣǱȽϽģ£ȻٲѩɴͽһѧԺŮʦԪĵĻЩȫȤԪҵ˶ʵûȤ
Ժһ䣬վͶ͸ԼŮˣЩԹǣʵʵ㲻е
û뵽мǺգҵطȥ
½㣬Դأ
һСµĸ첲Ц
ŭһۣͷ¼ʱ䵽Դ׵ķˡ
ߣ½㣬ɱСˣʵģȻĻ
Ȼ
ҡ
С͵͵ۺգɬ
ŭСӲ˰ɡ
ֱŮ˵Ϸĸоǿɲܱ¶һǿȥתתɣȻ˾ˡ
ԶԶԣҲ㽫¸ˡֵǷǾȥСˡ
šС
ǿɶδ緹ˡ
飬½˵óԵģǲġ
Цкܶ࣬ǿɱԶˣСķ֡
ֵźÿˡ
ΣǣƳзһҸʱգԸп
һȺŮ˳ź֣Ȼ໥ţ˵˵ЦЦĳʳǱȥ
ЦЦȵԶˣֹСֽյôѪ
С־㽫ԼҵˣҲҪµǮ
Ǳ֮󣬺ɣľƵǰȥˣյǰͼҡ۷Ǵͣſ
ոϽ˹ȥλһһֵˣλ岮ǡôô硣
ЦǺǵҲ£Ѱ˼˳㻹ܱתת
ΪԺأǷ羰续ǹĶȼʤء
ЦУˣλ岮ȥתˣСרŴǴӺĹͨȥ
Цŵͷ
ͻȻֶѽ˳ô£ΪͬƷܲŲʣæԼҵԺգҿҲǿԵġ
վƲ¡һ˵ɫһ°ɡ
Ʋġ
ҵͷſɫڹδǺ°
ôɲΪܱߵķ羰Ҫնϼ䡣
ңǵԸĵλɣյҲδ룬ڰţű¼ȻӦˣȻġ⳯ҪôˣôһأǼֵģҲǴһȥǵġ
̵ĻҲӦýЩ˵ȥ帮ȴƺ㽫ڳС
˭ˣ
ڨڨһЦҲǺΪǲҪΪ˵ǵģϾҵô񣬺ξӣҵģ˭Ҳߡ
֪˼ҵ棬ҲԼ棬ΨһܹģǱ֤ҵ治ܵ˺ҲΪҵ棬Լ棬ȻµĻǵ˵Ҳûʲôġ
֪շǳΪѣæԲλֳֻϷģ֮⳯£ɲ˵
Ҳܹ֤Ѿǳ御ˣǣֶȥæɣҪˡ


1520 ϣҵĶ
ǸƬ̣Ƶ
λİɣ˹ȥкһ
ڿǱȽԶģҲŸո߹ģʲôʱ𴲵ġ
縧ǺǵڴիԡҲǺԶǾ˹ܶ塣
ۣղի䣬վŮǻ氡ЦǺǵλǺ˰
ЦҪ˵ˣǶλԶ㣬гòɿȴŴ£һľĳ簡
ϣôƵˡշ˷ֵֹۣλŹ£££ʵûʲôϵ
ɲǰ֮ˣҲǵ㵽ֹ
ͻȻʵûиʽӰ죿
ԣЦ
Ƶ̫ʷЦô
˭˲֪ź죬һǰ;ֻԺûȥ
ձ䶼˼ˣļٵģ
ͷģǣ帮ôһŪƽʿȥ𣬵Ҳǿһżѣڽ;ΣÿܷõãС£չԼˣֻҪڣû˻뿪
벻ҵ˸ô󡣡պǺǵ
硢ǹһЦȻĿһƳˣæţϵȥǱ߿
һ㶣漴ĿһƳһĨ죬֣ȶ뿪֮ӭǰȥŸոմֵռ˾ա̺벻˾նԴҲȤ
ЦЦôѵУϷֻһҰ򣿡
ңңæ
ֵϷյˣ˿Ϸ֮⣬ҲһЩ£̸̸
գգۣǹɫ°ɡ
һô
ε˾գӦ֪ģ±¶ѾˣҲΪңΪ£˾ҲңֹĻ첻տᣬ˾Ҳƴǲȥ
СǽƻȻϷ浲´¡ϷŲܡ
յΪ˾Ҫʣ
ĿǱִϢԴϻһս󣬸߾ټƺʼƵ

΢΢üѵǾҪƳԤһ飿
ͷ޸պôڸ߾ټáм䣬Ļл޸мܲסʱҪΧκԣֻҲˡ
üϢǲģ
ĿǰѾ˴ȥ¡˵˶٣ҧʵĻ̫ˣСС֮أҲϻͷϰëдⶼǸ߾ֻӬģֻ˾öġ
˵ðʱڵˣ൱ģ˵ǵ۷ˣ֮󣬾Ϳʼ·ˡ
Ϊμˮ֮˺ƾû𣬶ӮĸϣĻǰٻš
ʴУһֻ׼Ҵ㣬׼ҵİԵ˼һ˵ެСϣҲܹܵģϾ˼ެľǷǳǿ󣬶ռݵƣ̫ô򡣿ССһҲ£ҪȥҴƻʲô档
룬Ϻ궼ɾˣҲӦñ¶Ȼҿġȴʵǲ֪ɫкιϵ
˵ͿװͿ帮һôԱһ߹߷ѵǮȥ߾ң߾ĸһҴƱҪ̳ȷˣǵȲôˡ
ԭǸҴԤ밡Ц˾ﲻֹ帮
ʱһɡ
æǸǸھһ㣬˾ԷһģҺձıûУŪǮı»һġһǾ仰ֻҪǻ飬˾գֻܴ̣£˾ն¹ܣͳͳңʳôǮôͳͳ⡣
ֹܹĻҲֹܹﶼģ²ô򵥣帮Ҳһľżˡ
öˣָźյúúãϷǼס⻰ˡ
ֵ˾գɱˣĻҪٶɾˡ
һĨɱϷͻţ߾
æֻҪ˾ܹ߾ǴެǮɾˡ
бĿһƳһЦҲʣЦСӣǱˬǰδйģǰһ̣߶ûǮˣûǮˣϿٲͿˡɺȴǺɣˣǮ⣬ǻ飬ǰЩûһбµģ˭迿ڼ󷢲Ƶġ
ƥ򣬳Сӣ
һ£ֻһһƥ߼۶һϷƣôͺյģ˳ҧ𣬻˭
ƥ򣡡ŭһ
ֻҧ֮Υĵ˵¬ϵ׳
ҧӸһԵˣЦƥԣϷϵ׳
Ű
ߵƥǲҪϷٲãҲøھа
ۣҲ˵վȵĿ̼ҧʱ˿̵
ҧʱһŹعߣǰѽѽСӷǵ㶷һ
¬Ϣŭ¬ϢŭոϽ
ɨ۳ҧ𣬻ԺǱȥ
ƥߣƥߣ
¬ϢŭģԹ¬
ţ
ҧͻȻбĿһƳգ㷽ΪʲôϷͣ
Ҳûôվ˫֣ε
ߣ
ҧͻȻһںյļϡ
Ҳ
ĺˣаŭ̵ģһգҪŪְȥġ
ּҧЦСӣĲ˵Ūа˳ѽʵԺǲдеǰ棬棬̨ܹ˵ʲô
ǿңǱҰյͷҴ⣬ƭ˰
ҧ𼤶ѵúúã⻹Ҫòſţ
ĳҧһ֮ͯ£Ѿˣ͹֡
յһ¬ȥǱǱζСԡ
˵ҵһˣУϷȥǱ߿԰գҧŰ뿪ˡ
ҧ߲һһˣǱˣǳ޼ɡ
ﲻֹôǴԺϻôһЩͷһûмšһȺ϶棬һȺŮݣһ񺮡
ռ̫ξչһֺû뵽̫ξҲأ
ûϵҧ𡢳޼ɡݣؼûпƱѽ΢һҲ׹ҪƱ㺫ţҽ֮ô϶ðŹϯһȺå
޼ɲʵѡʱţѵΪϷﷳƵ׼𣿡
£ЦʲôҲ̫ξ
޼ȴǿɬһЦ˫ֱƵǰȥ߱ߵ˵Ϸ⼸һֱڼ˼ӦԵǰľƣ˼ȥأûκͷϷ˴뱲ӣѵľҲûмȴδһ㣬֪롣
յ̫ξָ֮оҪΪ̫ξйࡣ
˵ö԰ɡ޼ɵͷֵϷھУȴھ⣬ѵһ뷨û𣿡
٣·ġյֻǣҸ帮ǣҰ취ǶǣǳһģǴǣ̫ξǣʼңǣ¤壬ϵĶһеıƶͽͣҵЩСãƴĻӲʵ֮⣬
⻰һҲ٣Գ޼Ƴĵλ͵ɹƭ°ӣҲû˿ԶҪֻʵʲôӷͬֺ˵Ļ˭˭ɵơ
޼ɵͷˣȥæɣ˻ɣϷһߡ
Ǻվʧˡ
΢΢ףȻת뿪ߵʮಽĿ΢΢һƳ룬ѵˣΪ˸˵ЩҲ̫еûˡˣҲҲеЩΣգʴ˽˻¶¶棬˼֪ŵģδ¾ԥ֮Сˣһɲ㵽ʱôѡⳡֻһӮңǾҺա
ⲻ֪УʱڵĴǼѾˡ
Ǻûϵġ
֮ʡһЩԱҲˣǵĵյûие⣬ڿɫģǳһڣôܻⳡȴԽԽͬʱҲ콫ԺԺˡ
յûôǽ
Ȼ˼Ҳȷʵ͸ģûаϵûкյĻǹƻһЩ
ǽˣտɲòȥӭӣ˼ګ߻żλĿ࣬òˣһ佫
ռ
ǰһ
˼ګߵּæ񣬺ôǻ飬˼ګһģҪôһ㣬ΪͷϻһͬƷ˼ګȣԶ
յ˼ګһЩЩΣԼҲǺܴ󣬵ԼŮλȴԼߣȨҲʵǷǳѼģֻԱȭлƱ
ʵ˼ګҲкôһŮƱǲѽյǸɴֱ࣬ӸһЩƱȫǹƱ˼ګƱ͸ĸɽ˻ˣһȥţȻĻ˼ګԸУô簡
æңңչˣҲнգƱֺҳݡ
˼ګͷܾЩΣ˼䣬׼ȥĿһɨȵ˾Ҳأ
յͷ
˼ګߵһ󽫾̫̫ξ¬Ҳء
˼ګƫĿһֻվŵλߣǳ޼ɺͳҧ𣬲һȵĿźա
εҲֻݡ
˼ګһǲ˼飬һôôЩУ޼ɺͳҧǾδ¶棬͸ˣһվ𺳸ȻǲԶ
Ů·ô
˼ګˣǺϵ̫ӵģӲö˵Ǵľһ飬ҧһ飬һ飬޼ɣõģҲܹһڡ
ݱȳỹҪǿһЩ
ǳ̴֮󣬶̱ùؾصģСſڣҴ˵֡ȺǣһֳȴԵøƵãҴ˵仰ϼۡ
𡢲֪ЩǶˣϲǲΰ룬Ͻȥһ飬û治֪Ҹʹడ


1521 
µѡǷǳǵģڲĻֻʵʵȥԺĴˣΪʳѾ˸ռˣƱÿɾٶˣһЩˣƱåĿǰʳװôˣһǿ
⣬һɫĹ壬ЩҲȷʵﻵˣϾû˹ټˣƽٵУڼȫûʲôգеֻѹֵգЩҪԼ
¹ٲμ̫ξ
֮ﲮ

ⳤ޼һ֣ٴǰȥкܿ쳤޼߾Χˡ
һʱ䣬·ֻص޼Ȩ㳯Ұʱ
𿴳޼ЩһֱڼٳţڳУȫǾǲܺӵģϾʮ࣬кܶ󳼶ټ帮ڴѹ壬޼ǡǡִǹ壬ʵܶлϣ޼ܹɽġ
޼Ҳͬ£վȺм䣬Щǣĵú²
Сֵͨܵǰ뼸ӸΧһֹţĿʱʱ޼Ǳ
ûУûУ̫ξ˾գ¬ɶˡ
Ϳˡ
벻Ժ̫ξ˾նˡ
ߣ̫ξ˾վͲôʲôֵġ
ɲô˵̫ξ˾ʲôˣʲôŮǵòҿжè塣
ʲôè壿
֪

˾ˣ̫ξҲˡ
¼׼һᣬ˵
ʵΪ̫ξ˷֣ǺĿģ
¼ٲݵġ
΢΢üʱûȥЩһĺǿˣ࣬޼ֻһ࣬ȻķȴԶ糤޼ɣ϶ܡ

Ǹоû
۳޼ǱߣԵļʵ
֣ип粻ֹ
Ц֪֣Ϊ˭ִ˭
еѽʵһֱڹΣֻʱʱСѣһ籩ǲɱġ
¬ʦЦһ˵ҲҴƵһЩΪߣ޲ǵòȻαӣ߶Űպ͹ңװŵÿɶԼ棬ƫƫ˵ôȻҵЩΨͼ˴һǲὫԼαװɾ
пЦ¬֣ڿҲǹԱ
¬ʦԵװŵô
һЦ⻰Ĳȥˡ
˿һŵԺڳ޼ɻô
治ãȨʲôܹ޼ɣ
޼ɵĳ֣ȻҪչһԼǲǴҪٶȳɽɾѰζˡ
ʱ˿̵ĺշǳƣԭһʢģȴܲһ˿գŨŨϢΪ޼ɵĸˡ
ǱѾ׼׵ˡ
ɣľ
յͷǾͿŰɣ룬þԺڣҾͲǻ˼ȥ˼޼Ϊʲô
ʱһ̣ԺصĴڻ
һ̣ԺԱѾȥʳ֪ͨЩ׼
ȵȻǹ볡ߵҲǶߵĹͨһѵȵһ¡صĸоȵϣԼǹ
޼ɡҧʲõǰ棬ڡס˼ګ硢һҵλӶСʵڱûʸ߹ͨģǲǮ֣Ʊ͵ģȻ޼ƱûУȫˢ볡
տɲȥڣԼһƱˣ룬Ϸáѫ࣬ϯ첻ϣϷοȥװ֪˼ګߡ
Ⱥڹͨǹټ˳ĸЩ󳼣ɶʶ˭ǵƱɻء
߹ĹͨſɾʹĶࡣ
߸ߵʯףءĴţȥ;ΰׯϣư磬Ŵ򿪵˾Ѫڣڴѡ
ⲻ˵ôƵģʵƳĽСұһ棬ׯءֺ롢
ʲô쳯Ψӣ
ϵ̨ףôţһУڱͽһ
Ĵһ۾۵ף˼ǿӾ
һ޵Σ壬ɫɫɣ㡢ߴĴչľ̳ɵĽݣȴл
Ǳϣһڻ޶˵ŮͼҲгŮееĻҲкմĿͨʻ鶯ɫʡ
ݶ֮ϣȣǶûмôߵݶʵ赵ģǴƵģҲһЩԪأΪԺģʽȫһЩԪأݶ֮Ҳбڻģͷȥﶼֹôȥġ
ô˵һۣѾķ׷ţȫڴԺ𺳵С
ߣ½㣬㻹˵ûгϢ㿴ǣҲǷһôǴľ
ֻڶ¥ĴڣһСǣһԵµ
ŮʿȻѾȽ˴ԺǸոսʱǾϣƸոǵѣ±һ
ûһгϢô
ɲô˵Ҳ˵ЩӸ磬̫ξǣҲˡ
²Ŀͨȥˣ޼ҲǶģ𺳣һЦǵ⡣
һԵЦҪ˵ѽûгϢǺ̫ˡ
ǣǡ
½㣬Ǻˣôһλɾ
˵ô
ûûûʲô

Ϸ⣡
ҧһܵһ¥мλ£ûа취Ʊȫƾ
޼ɡεҡͷ
Ǹǰ¬ϯڶ¥
¥
ҧ̧Ŀһֱҡͷȥȥ¥ããϷϲ
Ǹֵ¬֪ԺǾرƵģ¥ﻹҪһЩ
ҧȻЩԣոҪʶĴԺʴǸߣЩϷȥ
ִһɹ¥ȥ
ҧĲǰ䣬һλһ䣬ȥ
ٵ¬ǰѾˡ
ˣҧҿ˿޼ɺվֲڣⳤ˱ߵô
ûа
Ƴǿǡ
ҧʱһ±ƣŮˣ
ѽ
ڨڨͷ
޼ɺǺǵƥ򣬿ɲŮˣǺ˰˵ţǵλģ
æ̫ξ
Ȼ϶λӣһֱǽõԼļˣʵ۶Ҫ󣬵ǹϯʵҲģвви㣬λӿҪöˡ
֮ҲСҶ׷ԺٰʮһˣֻٸλаʮһվλվλʵҲվǰȵϣ̨ǳ
ڿʵϣǰͷоǳʷһôľԺУһܣԺзǳȽĲɹ⡢ͨ硢Լ̨ƣһҲеơ
ΨһźľǺûӵǺ첼ƣҿǺ첼ϰԵһۣĵĺ涼Ҫըһ㡣
ΪĻʢûϸдʲôҶ֪ǶǳźաԺģкڣ;ȱϲǲĻƾǰèˡ
ǺûǶȣһ㹦򣬵ȵҶ֮Ǻ첼
ԺڶʱһƬѻȸΪҶڴ˶۾
첼ſһ϶ʱҵĿѾʼһ϶ȥ·ף̨ж󰡣
첼ȫʱ϶𺳡
̨Ƿ¥̨ı֮ǵ̨⻹㲻ʲôֻǫ̂澹վʮˣߣҲԱһЩʦһΣҪݣұҪãҪߣһɫŮӣ⣬ѡЩͶӣҲ˧Ůң·𽫵е̨ˡ
Ӿ޵ǣмһܴ٣һòŮӻԣһϲȹ¶һ˫̨ۣ󷽣ʴ˹߱ȽϰΪ޺˸ټǽãĹâɾһ㡣
Ů˼˼ų˶ѧһֺټŨȤһʰ
٣Ҳ١
ٺͳˣֻ˵ûȤֻǿŵһݰ⣬Լͷٵһֱҵڴ棬񣬵õҲҲģֻ׷Ʒʣʴû
ǣеǶ࣬˵УǶ࣬ˣңԶǸģ̨µģҪǸݣһŪ˼ʮʦȥʲôడ
ǳ޼ɶûм̣ȥǷǳ𺳡
ͳͳס
˵һ
˼ҡ
һ죬ȴ̴ÿ˵顣
ô


1522 ԵĽ
ڴ֮ǰ˶ɫ׷󣬶ǻ棬ñ˵ѰҸõĲңټܣϵȵǿһǧģݳƷģɼ˶ɫ׷ǷǳŬġ
ǣδһȥ׷ɫñ˵ܱ߻
ʱ˿ٷ˵һ죬ɫǴδܹġ
ʴ˲Żһ𺳵ĸо
ҲǴԺΪĵط˵ԺΪһƵģӵȻϵͳҶɫȻбƽ
̳˽ȥ
ٵǳ˼£ƽͣķ׷֮Ժ·Ҳӳĵµ̫ƽʢ
ټ˼̬ɢĸ߹ϢǲǴϣӾϣһǰδеܡ
أٵʼգȴıһƵĸо·ʹǴӻ
ȵٵԶȥʱͬʱңȻ̱ü
һȻⲻƽϲġ֡ô
ֻ⡶֡ǰ赸Ϊ֣̲סҪ裬ʵֻǸģһؿǴ֣ǰ滹ٵ룬ǾһЩıģʴ˴һʱûзӦ
̨г˼֮⣬ʦ
ңġ
ĹڣøѪڣȫʲô赸ԳУ԰Ρ
෽ʽ˼
ʵǽ֡
ⲢǺģֻǴе㲦˼£ɲŶδ˵Ҫʲô֣Ҫ˼ǵǻۡ
ܶ˶˵⽻ֵΪйĹʺϽ֣ʺ϶࣬ʵǹƨһԺ˾ͻỹһ֡
ǰľСĻûϵͳ˭ȥŪ֣Ūһǫ̂ǿҪ͹ԳԺص㣬صϵͳǵȻôַ֣һȥ࣬Ե÷ǳҪкܶȥ࣬չֳԺصȻȻγ˽֡
Ȼģ˭ܹȥƶġ
⽻һİ
ЩŪʫʿǣ÷ǳģǲа
ԭֻࡣ
Ǳֻɢɢģ֣ȴû뵽ܹһĻֵˣֱֵ̫ˣһǮ̫һ㣬̫ˣʮǮҲֵõġ
һӼѣǽԶЩ˿һЩ
ֵյС
ݵ𺳹󣬴ֳ֮Уڷ࣬ҽһ״ֱ̬֡Ȼ֡ǾĶģսϵգںʱںܶϸľ֮޼ɵһģڻʱڵ£һҲŸĸù£߳һ㣬ָоʵԡ
𡢲ˣ浽ݳһ̣ҲǼѣ˫ȭš
һ߳ʼ䣬һͣµ˲䣬˼ٶȲңôֽͣҵ˼ӻУص̫ƽʢ֮ǰȣһ棬˷ǳɣͬʱδϣβӦ߳ĿǰϵĹҲϵð
ǾǺƵģڣȥδ޲İо
˵һ죬
ͬʱҲ⿪Ļˡ
ɹأԾţڻζһסֱ֡ţԼܹ֮֡
˼飡
̫˼飡
žž
һЩǵ𣬶Щǵ־ˣܿ׶˶鲻ԽվΪ̨ϵʦǹơ
ЩʦǼӯͷһعǽ͸ǣԺܸʹһܣͬʱҲʦʱǰʦĻԱԶ̨ϵߣǴӽտʼ󽫻ı䡣
Ҳ˼Ĵ£ڻ񣬸лǵ֧֡
ͬʱ̨ҲϲõյУǶںոǹ滮δǼŲɣ
վһԣ˫ֱأϹŵ΢ЦʱǳɣΪҪȥƹǵѾ̫ϲվ̨ȥߺˣϲĻţñʵ־Ƴ֮еģǰĻκĿʼȥǰ̨ƿأѾȥֻǳ䵱һʦĽɫ
ڼУһŲ̊
Ȼֹ
ݶ
ֻһӸ缤غ
ȥǲݶ
һ̳ȹȴʧţǰԵøӳ졢߹һЩ
ⳤȹǳ֮ɣ
֣һһøǮȹڲݶϡ
һƬ̣ŵҪ˵׬ǮֶΣܹ뺫ձ⡣
֣ͬĵͷ
ݶ̨룬󷽵еһΪǲμӴƺģеӳ
ҲǳĿ֪ݳģǰڶڸ質ǳڴ
ݶûмڿǻͷ˼һ˼һ׼һͷ̧ḧϣʦҲ׷׼ΪĿǰûָӼңָӼҿɲôģңղıߣΪΪƿָӼȻͻ֣Ҫȥϴˡ
ϲʲôԼŪΪ岻һƶĽҪǻۡ
һ׼˼ҡ
¼ʱУѾ졭
ǰ󣬲ݶڳҲĳˮͷ
ݶȫƾһɤӳģһɤ̰ݵɤ£ټƣֱۡ
⻹ֹֻǴ֣ﻹ˸質ϸϣɲԣ԰
ݶվ̨м䣬·վһ㣬޲͸ŵĹʣȫٶˣмдһĿ⣬һɤӳһȫµҵģǰ˳裬ǶԹ·ߣҲţǲݶܷ¥ĻӰ죬̨գҲİš
վ棬ԴڴĿ⣬Ѳȥš
纫ǰ㣬һʼͲͣµģ˵ҲûˣݶݳмִŽ֣ҲǸڹƵʱ䡣
һǰδеģʽ
һֱִĿ֣Ҳ߳ҡͷԵģ״̬ǳˡ
գۼ䣬һʱȥˡ
ڲųʱζͻȻҿζ൱ѽζĻǣֻ¶棬ɼˣܶ˶ζϧζݽĿģǸߴϰ볡ˣĴһ£һ㶫
Щӵ񫰡
һȴǳһϰ볡̫ˣǱϾʹˣôãѾǼˣ޼ɡǷ׷վһáɣʱһصı飬ˣһţһ¥ȥǶרͨ˸


1523 ǳ
ٶ˵˳һǷǳӵģ˵Ȼ
һĻδڴԺڣ˳˵Ƿǳÿ˶΢΢ĿڻζʲôϾͬ齻Ƶſȥһĸо
ǰڱȽһЩ
û뵽ٵô
½㣬ǺΪô
ЩСһĽĿ¡
Ȼܾã²̫ģʴˣѧǺܶ࣬ǻδϹ̨ݣͷһأҾôʢĻ¡
ͷһ𣬿ɲ˵⻹˵ô٣߹ţԾΪ½ġ
˵òٺ½̫ˡ
½㣬ټһ˼ҪߵĶô֪ܷ½һ
ѽѽ½¶ָưɣ
ʲʲôԭڴҵ֮Уȴû뵽һ·ģûѵƨʱԵЩҡ
ӹɣ½ʫʸ踳ʫ츳ҪԶʤ˼ģϧⷽ治̫ȤˣŻᵯϼϲǿʤŸԶĿ꣬ٶ֪ûϰˣ˼ȣͦԶġһԼݰɣǿǸֵˣӦװŮˣɲܳڴˣҪĻ»ҿɲˡ
ЩŮ̱տڲԣǵȻǾͱ¡
ͻȻˣ˶Ѿ˳ˣǸô죿
һŮ˶ʱ
ǲ֪ʱͻȻһ
³Եʹ˸ɫǰŴ
ֻվһģ£ʮŮˣ󻹸һЩŮ澣Ųٸ㡢ˮŮеһ񣬡СŮһЩ㡢ˮԼλã⣬黹Ϊ͸λ׼˿ˡ塭
ﾪϲǺ鿼ǵܵ
һЦҸ˵ֻһݸ㣬Һնڣȴܵ˺һŨŨİ⣬նǳ赽˼£κºնΪص룬ⶼѾΪһϰߣסԼеĿģܱߵСѾǷǳĽˣҪهNɪĻǾͳɼʡˣƶûˣ΢Цýɡ
ǡ

ȻѾ붬Ҳ칫̫ٽʱ֣¶˴
ǴӴԺ֮ʳ֣񣬵ȴ°볡ĿʼʱʳѾɫһɫɡڽֵԣмʯǳ⾳ٲȻѾΪ˴Ժһ
Ҿڴɡ£һŲ裬žƣɹ̫ŷĿһ⣬ˣ޼ɶһߴӣһ΢΢ҡͷ
ʵ̫ˣ
ԪһۣһϣԺأڻζŵԵʢ硣
һԵĴС֣СһۣǿЦֻҡͷ
˵УҪУԪһǿģΪԪһ׷ƷʵˣԪһȻҲǸϵߣټԪ԰ֹգⶼҪУ󵨵ĽԼͷ̣ͲѿԪһǼǿģֻԪһġò̫ƭˡ
¬ʦЦǺǵС˵һûһݳȷʵģԣ˻ζ
֣ҲǸпܹһأӰ
ǿǲܣ
ԪһٿȻΪҪֻǱһأĥˣʢ磬ٱ鶼尡
δ䣬òԶ˴󺰵񫣡ʵ̫ˣ
תͷһֻǺһӣĴ󺰵
ⷢĺеʵˡ
һγһ㣬ʳַ̱Ƿ
ʲôĿ̫ˣ
벻ôһ࣬Ȼ𺳣Ļһ飬̫ˣ
Ժ紫һ棬ֱ֣һܰ
ģҿǴԺҲûʲô֮Ϊʲô
ѧһѧ
ιιιٵ˼ô
԰㲻ûϳɡ
ϣǰֻζȥˣȴ˼벻˼Ҳ֪ܷһ档
ǲݶҲԽԽƯˣܹݶ˵Ҿˡ
ԽԽϢˣݶôҲһˣô
ѽݶֻһ˶ѡ˵Ҳ֣ǰҿɴδйָо
ѽѽҲǵģҺ񵥶˼һ棬ʲô˵Ҳġ

һʱǵĸѾγˣ˼ľݳӸߵŽչ˼ԽζãӦòʲô⡣Ȼһݳ̫𺳣̫ĻԿģĵǼѡ
֪ϹڣϦǺꡭ
ܵһе貽һߺС״̬Ƿǳ֮ˡ
һԵĺƳһۣ̲סǺЦӻǵģûûˡ
ܵҡԴĺѽǲݶóãǺˡ
һţС֣ɱ˵ûдھ㣬⻰ǧȻĻɾͲˡ
ܵܶʱһ죬ƲƲ촽ͷƫһȥ
ֽץ˹סӣС̵סֺǺǵЦ
һ󣬺ͻȻʵں󲻺ڣԭҲԳͷġ
ܵܰҲŲˣҪСҰһ̨ݳǲ˼˵ţ¶֮ɫϧСҰڣҪȻȤ
ʵСҰҲǺǺЦСʼղ̫˵ֻСϲСҰ֡
ǰȥСҰﰵ뵽
Сˣ
С磡
飡
Щͼգ˼ѪƵãվմк
ճܹ֣֪λÿɻ⣡
䣬ͱΧ˺ü㡣
⣡ûбˡ
С磬Ժʵ̫ˣܷҵ˵˵к֮
ѧ
ջشļˡ
Ҿ֪ġһСǴض
һѵҺƵ̫ˣǶᷳأ
δڣСӸѧ̫ˣܡ
ҺƵøոյλպǺǵλˡ
ʺС磬°볡ʲô
°볡Ҫ赸ݡ
Ҿ֪Ҿ֪
ЩŽ赸޲Ѫڰ
ʲô֪Ҹտǵ飬ֻЦ
ʱһӴӰֹÿҲ֪˭
ٺ١һЦֻԪһһִںյļϣ̬գһ˫Ŀһ񺮣С磬мһ¡
յʲô£
ܷڴԺһλԪһ۰Ͱ͵

һרеλ
ԪҵˣⶼóúЦ£
ԪһɥС磬Ѿ벻Ժˣ͵кãҰɣǮ
ΣһİԪ׬Ǯ׬ǮҵĶŰú
ĻҲҪ̵
ԪһһѽƿȥȥȥСֻŮˣ㶮ôϹ֡
Ҳ㶮
Ԫһ޳ܵԭ֪
ոæԲˣˣǶˣ⹺λ뷨ʱͲҪȥˣǷģԺ춼ݳ㿴ù
ôݻô
ģ
СƷô
ȻУ
нݳô
ԺڣǶᰲʢᣬǷĺˣֻ벻ġ
ЩӸŽܹ￴磬һ붼Ҹ
С磬ģһᾭġ
Ʊ˵ɡ

ǲ֪ʱƱ
Ƿ¥м֪ͨģҲձǵġ
顣
ͻȻǰ
һС鲻̫ԣ
ֵ֪СǷ˼һ𡣡
˻һ̰еĹӸһڣбĿźա
մ㵵Ŀ֡
æģģ֪˼ǺˣʲôҲ˼˶ѣҿԶ췢ġ
գգۣĳһ
һЩӸĿ˸ͬһͷͷʵĶǣ룬ɲܾôĻƽֵøϱˡǼ뿪ˣﻹƵģǵģҾͲˣΪëҵҪɫҵϹϵϸ㴿ľһˡ
ҪߣȻû˸ܵܿûˡ
С֣
Сָ磡
ܵһСУǳֻë
С֣˼һɡ
вݶвݶ
磬ȵۣ
ܵܿɲһ̳Ⱥźȥֱּһ˸סˣ֪ʱĺ൱Σգһ׾תûаԼˤһֵأԼͨܵȥ
ֻԼɮ뵽˿ÿ˶ҧһڣǽп಻գҵѽգͻȻһһǰ󺰵̫ξ˾գ¬
תͷһֻ޼ɡҧʳֵԱյš
ճ䣬̳ų޼ɱȥﰵЦǿɲҸ˰ɡ


1524 ͬһ׸
⵱ϸͷӵ˻ǲ࣬㺫վһ
޼ָŸոܹڴĺգЦǺǵ
ǵѣ££ڨڨһЦȴ룬Уһֱ໥úòæתƻ֪λڷŵݳɻ⣿
޼ЦСóĶһǷǳޣһǶѾ߲ˡ
ҧһЦһ̧֣ವһֻŻվǰĺգѾվǱȥˡ
Σ
ҧåƤҲֽ֪ģС߯ҲûˣϷ򲻹һ¸첲ų
պǺЦţȴ㣬Ҿɵˡ
ҧ˵Сⷽı£˵ãŵݳǾʼˣϷ򶼿ô񫡣

ֵԺȷҵ⣬ǷŵЩݳҿûаϵƽļĸŪġ
޼Ŷһǡ֡Ҳ޹أ
ҡҡͷûйϵġ
ҧοܣǡ֡һǳְ
Ц¬֮ôΪΪʣʵ治ǣԼŪġ
˼Ƿ¥ǲԻСֺ͡Ǹ
滪
СӣҲǳĴ̰
޼ЦûĻֻûнաϷҲ棬Ϊʲô߾˲ţȴûС
ЦҲ̫Ǯɡ
޼һ㶣漴Ц·Ц
æλʵˡ
ҧȤ㵹˵Ȼ
յܼ򵥣ֻˣȣǲ˵ΣԸĻһ׬ǮˣܲΪ𣿶νгɾͣҸӿġ
һ㶣ôһ
ǺǵҿСӲǮ㿴ǵǮ
ЦЦûлش⡣
޼ɵԺǷǳ棬澿ʲôŵ
ѧ
ѧ
ո޼ɼͬʱ˵
޼ε̾Ϸһ
һĨΣΪѧʴˣҲûͣΪѧ֪ʶֻҪѧѧˣҲܹ͵ͨ
ҧߵ˭ϡѧѧ
޼ɺߵƥ֪ôѧѧˣԽԽˡ˵յѧǷչѸѽڳ˵ģ˭Ҳû뵽ġ
յΪѧʵѧͻศɣ˼ҪҪƣҪ£ѧǽǣôֳʳôܵø죬ô뺣ûһ˿
޼ɵҲô˵ѧΪȣΪȡ
ҡͷѧеǻҵġӰƣȡ֮Ե֮ϣѧδ˴ҽᣬǽǻ۷¸
޼Եͷ
ʵڴԺԣѧ޼ɸе˼ģһѧȡþ޴ĳɹôվǿȥӵˣǲģĿǰԣ治ûпܵġ
ͻȻĿһɨðһ䣬ЩһĲƱ£ΪλԴֲֻᣬĪλڴԺһȤûУ
˻һһ㶣漴Բ۾ŭźա
ǸǸͻȻһЩ£ʧˡ
԰һ̾ˡ
޼ɡҧһۣͻȻЦ
ôʣǷûдƱʵҲˣǻûдƱ浽濴˭ǡ
ҲֻкոĿŵķǣȴ˿ŭҪǱˣǲˡ
ɼӻԼģˡһֱˣӲԼһȣö֮ҲϰΪˡ
ֻһ治̫ãΪƭӣȻ֪ԶʧյȻǾ֮
һʱϢ󣬴ôԺ
ҶѾ֪°볡赸ΪƳ˱ϲ赸Դǳڴ
ˣ
첼δſŴӺ첼洫һ޹
ͻȻ޹ʱǵټͻͻͻ
첼Ҳ֮ſ
ֻһԲ۴󺺣һӣֳֹ鳣޹ģŻǰʦʱѾŲ棬̨˳
첼ȫſ˲䣬һȺߴӺӿʱ䣬
ʮŮɾ䣬Զȵµ赸Ҫöࡣ
赸ҲǰδйģҲûжĹϵζǾıŵġȻҲǻڽֺϵͳǰַʽȥ赸赸һҪôҪǳߣΪӵϵͳֳܱ赸
ӾĳȫǴ񫣬вٹӸ鲻ԽĸŽҡ
һ赸ͷβĽ඼Ƿǳ֮죬˼ȣվͬɽһ㣬ʵг޼ѹ󣬲ȻĻǾԲһ˶Լλ
ֻһʼ赸һһٳлŰ裬ٸ˶ݳ°볡ݳĸˣǲǰĸˣа裬Ҳû׷ĸ赸ټ֣ںһھѾ֪Լˡ
⻷Щ벻춼Ѱ
ĸЩĸµĹԣǸ˻ˣЩǰҲǶģȫпһ
ڳ£̶̵һʱ׾Թ϶㣬ܿ죬һʢѾٽβ
һϣ̨ͻȻ°볡ǺѼģ°볡ĸǻĿϾӡ
Ҫһ˼ͻȻǳ滺ᡣ
ʻ߹֪еÿһ䡭
һǳ۵ĸ
Ϊ֮һС
ֻݶ̨˾ȵǣһЩСһǣ֣Сֻ꣬ţҡСԴȵġҲ߰˸С̫Сһ߸質ߣһҡӡ
⡪ҲУ
ֱݣڵԣֻڸ˵ģôСŲ̄ˣǸĿɿڴ
ˮǧɽ߹ÿһЦ˴̡ûֵְ˵̫ࡣǹˡ
ݶͻȻĳ
쳪ϳģʽǰһ
أ̨ϵԽԽ࣬űݵĶ̨һټ̨վˡ
ڲݶĴ£šͬһ׸衷϶ЦݣһַĵЦݡ
ͬĸܸͬĿͬĻָͬһ׸衭
û뵽ģңҲǾԱܵġ
𾪡졢ϲʣΨижڿ̨һЦǶĸԾ¶ǻһЦۿʪˣʲô¥ʲôˣʲô𱰣ʲôʿһ̱õȻ޴棬еֻǰδеĸж
һ̣ǳͬһ׸衣
վں̨ĺգһֱĨ۽ǵ𡢼ĸˣƫͷѾ޵ϡﻩС֣΢΢һЦԴ


1525 㾦֮
⵱ȻǺմģҲǺΨһ׵һĿҪԲٵΪغź档
塢Щĸע棬עԼǰ;ǺտԺĿĿɲǸҴһʢ磬淽棬ֻǾţһëҪıǰֵģʽôҪһ̵ĸжΪжУͿ϶أ̨ΪǴֵˣһ̣Ҫġ
˵ѵȻ
ҲΪ˽յĵ㾦֮ʣ˭Ҳû뵽յĽȻ˸жһִĸж˶Ϊһ׸裬һֲ͵ģܸĶ
ƽ͵ɻƮڴС
˼վ뿪˰ʱ٣ǰ棬ݶǣ֣͵ľϹ
ʱ䣬׶
бͷ׷׶վ޼ɡҧС
þòϢ
һݶǲֱʦǻڼţظɡ
첼Ҳڻ¡
ͷһأͷһص첼ʱÿڵϻ΢Ц͸жű첼סһףԽ
ûź
Ψиж
첼´ǽһոʱĿʼһʱ
ڣ첼ϣжҲʧǰ쵵ݶϡ
һʢڻǽˣû˻ỳɣһʢ罫ԶӡǵԺУΪǴ̫Ŀֺ͸ж⽫õĻ䡣
Уа
޼վǺЦ
ҧͬʱ˵ͷûж˵ʲôΪһоڲ֮С
ôһҲԼۣͬȴ̲סգÿбעһǶδ㽣Ҫ֪ʱﶼǷǳѹ֣ȴһֻȻʵĶӭȥÿ϶ĿĵЦݡ
ʵһǳõʱʸȥҪأ

ʱԺĺ̨ӵ
ɹˣ
ȻŸոսÿ˶֪ǳɹˣκԤеĶҪɹԼǳж໥еļ֮顣
ֻһĬĬĿţȴû̫ĶݣΨһѵһˣɲܳȥΪһжֻһƭӪģʵǷǳпģпʵȥԣΪԶҪһݸжΪᣬȥеĸжĻʲô
ں̨վһձȻȥ
ȵʱѾ඼뿪ˣΨаŮˣҲǺڳĿġ
ֻһòŮӴߵĽ
飡
򣡡
С磡
ЩŮӼգԵ÷ǳüµýȻֽΧס
λⳡݳɻ⣿Цʵνɽ׸ģƣǷǳϲŮΧĸо
⣡⣡̫ÿˡ
ţ̫ˣ
ڶԼҲܿ־ʵݳ
ôᣬиӾʵݳ
飬һ׸裬ô
ףô֪
һ֪ǳ֣֪ôҿϲøˡ
̫ллˡ
飬ôܹĸ
öҷ˵׻׻̻壡
տ򱻼¡
Ҷʱͷһڴ˻ŲɣΪֻѧɲŰɣλʦôһвܹ͵ͨ
±һˬԼɷԼĽøΧסһ˿϶ﶼֹ治֪ʲô˵ĵطôŮ˶ϲҿһ죬ʱתŭΪϲʵͦϲĸоȴߵ㵱Ŭһ㣬ɾͶҪա

˻һҶʱڴЦ
ԼҲЦ
շǳǢ
ֵǻһ칦磬֪λܷ
ѽ
ܣ
ºһˮ¡
Ϊʲôܣ
ЩŮӾȵĿ¡
ΪǿɲҪǣǻùμ칦ĻҲڶزȥˣջô
ЩŮôȥ״̬ˣңμ칦ĻܹõĻϢǶ£ֻܳĿźգϣλܹ˵˵
ɺҲøµ˼һĵͷֳ˵öԣϿضԶݶ̨ܷϼݳȫƾǵı
ЩŮһʧ֮ɫҲӽĵλ͵˺飬ٽС磬Ͳûֱˡ
һƣǳ˳͵͵յȥмĿ⡣
ջؾĿ⣬͸г˼
¶ʱһ죬˺һĵİۡ
ʱԺ
תͷһֻѧԺʦֵ˲ܲμӣѧԺʦ԰ѧԺ⸽ô
ѩ£Ҳ˰ɣ˶ῪĻڼҲкܶҪ
ʵǿԲμӵģѩͷӦ»ġ
һҲѿ溫ģںң²ġ
ЩŮʦãҲ¶֮ɫЩֵŮƽ࣬Ҳپɥ
ѩյգ˶ѾﱸĲˣʲôʱ
Цȥʲô
ѩһ㶡
յԺڣȥǶˡ
ѩһ죬УҿɱȲ㡣
յʱζҲôΪģ¶þҵͷǲܹģһݳ붼׼ģ㿴ҲǺܺôŽ˶һȥӺ䶯һЩҵʱһڵݲġ
ͻȻЦѩæòɿкãֵһЩɡ
յƵˣǲҵ̨ô

ŮǷ޶ùЦ
ѩȻ֪µ˼ҲǺյŮˣӦﺫշֵһЩˣͷ
뺫һһͬ뿪ˣºѩǿɶ
ȵھ뿪֮ʳ̶̱ܵԱʼ׼칦磬Ƿ¥ϲˣǳĵĲС
Ժĸ˿ζǶԶ֣ǳȣôζҡһ䣬һˣǵĵλȻǱ΢ģƽʱҲѽ˼ҷ¥ϴϴôˣǺ˼ôǲԸģҲֻȥæ
յûвУһɼĸڱϵĲݵƵš
λʱ˿ǲһøĸо
ĸ϶¶˼ЦݣѾдϡ
ֵҶˣöǲƸ̣ÿ׷ǿɳ棬ǰǿŸ˵Ƥȥ׬Ǯ׬ǮŮˣҲ˥ϵһգңʲôܻģΨǻ۲ġȥòƸ⽫ǿɳԵģʱ̨衢裬ȵʹˣҲʣһԸ෽棬װƣ̨ƣǵĿųԶһЩǻһʱӦúúϧǡ
ĸһ޲еŷһֻȻʵĸоڳһɣһʵĽͽ
ȴ¶֮ɫԸı䣬¶ܹƵġ
ЦҲѾǽ·̺ô
һĿźա
յǩԼ޷ǰ˵ˣֻһ˶ѣǸ˵ĹϵǹӶϵ˵ֻǰ˴ġһĻ˾Ϳ໥ȥʵڲУǱ߿ɻи֡ȻżԸЩʿһ£Ҳǲеģ⻹ӱ˴˵ѧʶڴԺģʽķչȾͿԼȥ󣬵Ҫһ㣬òԶõģĻȥҵľѧɣһƪ¡
ĸǺεȾˣһ㲦Լ淨ȷʵøˣͿǷ㹻
뺫սһЩĸֿʼԺĽĿ
յûв룬ϣԼԷ֣ϾҪæ£ʵ̫ˡ

ţ
յͷͯ׼ô
ɣľѾӡˢòˣʱۣ
յԽԽãȻʼˣҾͲⳡַ籩ͣ


1526 ˶ཿ
ʵܶʱɣľ̫⺫գԱҲһΪʲôпȥĴԺ⳯пǰӿΪ࣬ǲġҲˣô׬ǮպٹʣǴԺЩ̫׬Ǯȴºܶ๦ԸǮ
ǶԴ˺մ͵ģҲԼ֪ν͡
ҹĻѾڵ۶֮ϣطΧڣԺ⣬ܶһƬ
ˣ
һƬֵУͻȻһ˼ֻ
ֻ֨ѽһһ󺺴ĺյ
ǻͷСҰСһ㡣Ȼȥ
Ǵ󺺽һأСҰû
һЦ̫߿Լˡ
Ǵüͷ
Сүһסղϸ룬أ
ԺƬ̡
԰գǴ󺺱ȥ
һ˶ɫأ䵭ĴŵǱȽϾӼңֻǹһԺ磬ͷҲû𣬶ᵽһߣȴһ֡Ȼѡʱ벻ӼҶа
ôأ
˶ȫûкѵ˼ֻԲĿ˺ա
Ŷһƶɮ·һޡ
˶عͷȥſڵĴ󺺵ȥͷ

ιιι
ոæ̧֣ǳˣҰɣҺպҲҴҵҵķԼǲҷֹסôǿЦģҲ
ˣȡ
˶
յֻǿЦò˻Ȥ˵ţбĿǴ󺺣ᣬҲôζûҪ̸ôľͷƵãȥȥ
Ǵ󺺲Ųգ˶档
˶Ƭ̣ԵͷǴ¡
ʲô£˶ΪĿźա
̸ģ
һĻش
˶£ҽӳȥô
ѽյҴԺտţӦ֪ģھ칦磬СѾ£СҰֲڣû˰֣˳⸽һˣǾ͹
˶㶣͵߯Ҳϸ˰ɡһͻȻã̸
ʲô£
Ҫ
ɫһΪë
˶ĴԺһţ˶ˣסﲻʡ
յȥ
˶ҵٸ㡣
մһֻҪңǾνˣõʱҲ벻
˶Էһۣûн⻰
ʵҪǮ𣿡
˶٣ҶҪ
ЦҾͿŸɡ
˶û
ͻȻֵˣƺ˵ǰڳ¡
ʲô˵ģ˶شķǳɴࡣ
յ˵ĶȥϾ㻹ʶʺʺĸһǳɡ
˶΢΢ü
յ˵̸ˣǵȻİҲƳʶġ
˶ʵʶģ
գգۣ¶Ⱥ󣬿ʵ㡣
˶㲻Ѿ֪ôȹ
̾Ҫ˽㣬һǳѵ°
˶Ц𣿡
һ
˶ͻȻʵʺַأ
񾭰յҸʺһϵģַ˶
˶ɵĿһۡ
յֻ˽һ㣬һҪô
˶ʱĿջء
һЦɵϣС
˶ҲǾţǱѾ͸˲衣
־ţ·ѾΪǵദģʽ˵ûһ˿ͷ;⣬һǰʱ
ҳȥɣͻȻվ
˶һ㶣Լߡ
һ·СҰûһ˺¡
˶Ƭ̣һ漴򴽣ǰȥ
˰ֹһ䣬ææ˹ȥ
լԺڼžС
㻹ǵ¹ȻôͻȻʵ
š
һУԵİ̡տЦһһţŵ²ȴѾˣ֪Ϊʲô𣿡
˶Ϊʲô
յΪֻ֪֮жթֻҪ㹻棬ĸԳöɱǽ̸飬ֻԼ֮أȻŵ²ûһ㣬ˡ
˶ĬΣҲǹΪࡣ
ü˼һ˼˵ҡڲͬ


һĻʢ磬Ժһڶ죬ԭڴԺڴֵǷǳߵģǽȴԶԶ߳ǵԤֵ
ڶգڿĻʢһУͬһϯȫǡ
ԽԽΪҲ֪ĸо·Ժһ㣬ôĲ˼顣
һȫܹԺĺ䶯һ磬ƽÿԺǱģֱӴ˼¼ǰƽô⣬ҲûеزҲǻ¥¥ѣȫģʽģյ̨ĸˣÿԺзݲ룬ЩҲֻʶһ£ôһССҪ󣬶Ҷʲô⣬ΪҼҶǱ
ƽҲûʧƳһµĽĿһŽĿ˲ðǰеĴͳлռһ룬Ҫǰɫ֮԰Ρ֮⣬вݶЩ˵ĸݳᣬŸıݣۻҡ
ݳ᣿
ʲô
̫ӱˣ
Ҷʱ˶ཿ
ҪȵѧԺ˶֮󣬴ԺŻʽ
Ǵȴ˿ʧΪѧԺ˶һһȵģҲڴãһ˶Ǹ̵ӡ󣬲ԭ＾˶ģΪշѧԺĳ֣ණҪ׼ҶæʴƳ˶ҲΪˣһ˶øĿ
һ˶ᣬֻӵܵ˶ᣬһؼ˹͹ٻ¼ͥ˵ǲʱǵļ룬벻ĿѰ
ɼˣԺǰʮյƱڰ֮ڣȫۿգΪƱû˹˼ɺˣƴܶѧʿͷǳʿ򣬵ǿöᣬϲ
вݶݳԼ԰εƱõģյĶƽ𣬲ݶѾΪܻӭĸˣȻǵݳҲǳ׷ΪҶûпݳᣬ֪ɶ⣬ǲݶǵ⣬Ŵķ˿
⣬˼ĶݣҲܵ˵Ĺע̫ټ˼ŵԡ
һַ籩ң漰ײ㡣
ûټǵټǻˣǼǵõģҲĴָƺãټѾˣûдԺĹټˣʲôֵùעģڿյ裬붼͸ˡ


1527 ԺЧӦ

ǮǮ
ֻһĹӸ磬´ҴҵǮ̡
ϣԭӴݹ٣ʧԶӭʧԶӭǮ󷽼æǹӸӭһЦ֪ҪЩʲô
⹫꺡
ھòˣǮ󷽵ļգ۵㵱Ȼк¡ҽտ̸ġ
ǮĿ⼱æӣ룬롣
ֽ뵽ݡ
ոշϣǮ󷽾Ȳ֪ʲô±£
˾ˣ꺰ֹһ䣬ȴ㣬´ʮƬˮݵأġ
Ǯһ㶣ͷµġ
꺵ҳٹᣬ㽫ǵøңΣ
ǮĿ˸˼£ˡðһ䣬֪֪ΪҪǵأ
ܡ꺵ɱҲֻ֪ǻ˲ʮᣬǿأıļǮ㻹ԥô
ǿԭڴµģһϵģΪһͻˮʴܱ߶ȽϻߣΪֲĵأܱ߶ȽϻߣİǶӡгļƻʱǮ󷽾ͻ˼ʮǮǿء
ת۾ǵһٶᡣ
ˣǮ󷽿Ҳ̣ǿȻãǷλÿǼõģպôԺмضΣǺǵӣǿûд
꺵Ϊʲôǿظ
Ǯ󷽵һֱｨһլӣ֪ƶ࣬סڳ⣬һЩңҵǱߣסǱߣҲ⡣
úǲˬǮҿѽӶɡ
ϣӣǶԲס⡪ǮЦ˼Ҳԣ
Ǯ󷽣Уٸһٹᣬܾܾܲ˰ɣ
Ǯ󷽵ⲻǮ⣬һʹõģ㿴ǱߣԣǷǳıǸ
꺶ʱŭˣȻУڣ˵գ뿪ˡ
Ǯ󷽻ЦſڣԶˣЦŻˡ˵ţһЦСӣת۹Ҿ׬˺üٹᣬɱҪö࣬ϧûжһЩء
ʱļ׵ĵҲ߳һӸ顢ģŵһģһͷҲص뿪ˡ
ּļ״ӵ߳һۣǿİ
Ժȡ˼ĳɹͬʱҲһЩ⣬ǴԺڽ⣬ôܣЩ鷳ҳ񶼻Ҫ˵ĻɾͻزˣңǱгҲѾˣϹģҪԶԶʤУʴЩ塢ٻҶȥǱ߸ӣǱ߶һЩأҲһЩûеģֻأһʲ֪һƬĻƽضζ˸ˡ
ЩƽضǰǷϵģҡһ䣬Ϊ˻ƽضΣؼͻǣǮ򲻵ء
Щ˿ɶȵг֮ǵؼۻϺüǿǲ


ϣ⣬ǷôȻһ¥һٿǲ˰
ڵһ¥һڣһʮ꣬ŹٷԣϵüζȣԲĳһվŵ˵
ˣʮͷźᣬһĻشЩȫƾةչˣСһֱмģһٷһ
һٷɲ˰ةˣЦ㻹ֱ˵ɣʲôҰæ
ڨڨһЦʲô£ֻ岻ʣСҲСˣʵϾģʴˡʴؼȥةܹ׼
ǹةۣҿʦǷǳãƽԺĴ߼Ǯʦҿı߾Ͱɡ
ֱӻͳһոµĴȯǰȥСЩܵģɾ⣬ةܹСһæ
ǹةһȯԼĪǮмһʻ¸Ƭ̣ӹȯУУæҰˡ
ллʱл
һʱ˻¥һʮԼǰ
ԭ⣬ⴺǹ͢һλʦܻģǸة̫̫ةƽʱ˭ȥ¸֥С٣ƽͷһر¸֪
Ժĳɹʦĵλ̷ʵĸı䣬ָʦķӿռ䣬ǻʦǸ۱ʦǡǡǰ¥Եְҵǰ¥ȫ˳棬ʦĵλߣͬˣһֿҪܶʦҪдµӡ
ʴƽ￪ʼǮʦΪʦǿԸӹ⻷ġ
ɺõʦڹ͢ƾǴӹ͢ƣıӹ͢ʦæǮȻȹ͢ˣʵлߵļǮǲģһǲ⣬ȥ¸չİæ
ⴺȷ֮ԼдԼ֣Լ֣벻ԼҲֱһգо̫Ҹˡ
ҲĽԼպãʱһѾ˽ڲ˵˼
ͷ˴ⴺȥιһ£ԼȥԺ
Ժֻ϶ʮʫʡ
ĸǽʫʡ
ôࣿ
ǳļǮôߣЩӶԼƷ˹
ǰһʫʿ˿ֵЩʫøǣϲЩ
ǡ
ǲеģдʣȱһɣһ׺õĴܹһˡƽ￪ʼռʫʣЩӶԣǶһ·ѽΪʫʲþҪ˵ģЩʿʫʣҲ̫ʴԺʵľЩӵʫʡ
ܶ̽ԼƷʵһݻģ˭ôʺˣԼҲˣν˫ա
ǴʣʱΪ質׼ġ
Ϊʲôʫδһ˵Ҫԭ㣬һƳʫˣҲ֪֮ܳʫǽ˼ڴ档ƳΪҵѷչ𣬶γһγҵǳҹҹȻҲռλ
ĻֻҲʶûˣΪһַ籩ʵĵλˮǴߣǮʫҪߵöࡣ
ԺɹЧӦѾ޷ˡ
ɣľҲ׺ΪʲôڴԺķôྫϽǿأ¥࣬Ҷõĵأɾһ򣬷¥Ĳֱֵ֮࣬ң⻹ֻǸոտʼѣǴгûпš
ܲ
СͯƷӡ˶ٲأ
Ѿӡˢһǧˣڽװ
һǧᣡյͷ͹ŴԣѾˡһٱװġ
װ棿
šյ⡶ͯҪǸСģѧԺ˶ϾҪʼˣʱ˵Ĺעһǳõƽ̨ǽͯɽƷ͸ЩСĻôͯڻδǰ͵õҵ׷ȵʱٷۣߣЧҪ䶯Ķࡣ
ɣľͷʵʱٿҲõȵ˶֮󣬲ܹۡ˵ţֵŶһ磬вţϣܹǵĽŶȥǸӡ
յȥϽӣ
ɣľͷϽĵؼ۷ǣԹȥｨլԺԼĻûȥϣƣƵûûǺãԼǽ˶١һûдӦ֪˼ǣ
þǾ飬ķز֮ܳΪزЩҲ꽨һլԺ¥ĽŶӣһʼ񣬾ûͣཨḻŷǳȶĹϵ¥Ҫȱұ˵Ķࡣ
ЦֻӴׯ԰լԺЩСһ㣬ͽЩС̰ɣǳ⣬ܵø˼һЩȣʲôģҲͦ۵ġ


1528 ʱ
ʵյһ淨ʲôƤЩز淨ǽȻͬģѹͲһ¡
Щز漰ȫ漰ÿգֻü򵥴ֱķʽȥߵؼۣ۾ûɵǣûȥ˵ϽǲͬϽĵƤǣΪгΪԺΪҪ򻯣ǰֻһƬĵأǵؼ۲ܲǣǺǡ
˶һƬͶʣʵҲ˺ܶ࣬һƬǰŢС·ǲڹٵĿׯ
⸲ǵĽײ㲻࣬ҲһЩ壬ˡ
ؼ۸ûһϵ
յҲҪƤǽŵؼ۵ǣٽĳ򻯡Ǯǿؼһ˺üʮôǿ϶ӴͶʣԼ̣Լ·ԼľƬԽǷǾ׬ԽࡣЩеصĸҲѡ˽լԺôվͿСĴۣĳƻͬʱԼʲֵ
ֻܿյʲֵˡ
Ժȳδȥ˶˳Ѿ١
Դȥ״˶ῪĻ˶ڴ˶ᣬѾΪ˳аյһʢᡣ˶᲻Ǿô򵥣ܹ׼ʿںһǽ˶ᣬҵСҵСͨǰǰδС
˵ʿľ룬εġ
ձ˶ῪĻӡ
ʴһ纫¾ʹӴǰԺһ͡
Ҳȥ˶ôʵ
Ǻǵܲȥôúüֶɶμˡ
յһȥ
ڰֵҸԼһȥġ
µҲԼˡ
ղ쿴µΪʲô㲻һȥ
ºߵҲŲһȥ
ΪΣԵ÷ǳ˵ĸоǳصġ
µǳͷȥ԰һҪӦЩˡӵܣҲЩ˴к
죬ҲҲӦЩѡ
Ӧ±˺һۣҿͦܵģŮ֮ѡ
һԣԭﻹǳԴװ
æҲã¸㣬ܻᵢ¡
ŮǸ־ֳôŮһĶûС
ֻǵɨһۣȻ
Сˣ˵˼ǣ㻹˼ʡ
֪
ŭһ漴㡪
ոϽͷ˷ǳĬĶ˶񣬽̿
Թ¾ŭ뿪ˡ
ûа취ֻܶԳȥ԰ûڣֿԼļƻ棬֦ҶԼһЩ뷨һЩҪ£Ӣд
үˣ
š
մǳͼʻͣǱȥǳͣǶϽдͣҲǳ򻯵һǳΪֻ˿ڼŻͣ
С磡
顣
⺫ոոµչ¸첲ͼһȺ˳ӭǮЩˡ
ѡĻǷǳȷհֹһ䣬ӭǰȥЦλû簡
˶һſһأȻļ׺ǺЦ
ɲôҪˣվõطûС
ǻſңΪһˣȻѻ˵ʧܡЦŵͷλΣ
κһЦ˭עЩ
Ҳ¶һЦ
ﲻ֪ǺЦ˼
Ǯ󷽴ǰȥС磬㵱Ԥǰ㣬вأϽĵؼۣһǰ
ЦңظòʲôǮʣ
ʲôҲС㰡
һ˺ǺЦš
յõػǮܲʮҾͲ
ǮæԸꡣ
յΪؾô࣬ԽԽ࣬ԶԾͻԽԽ٣ؼۿ϶ǻǵġңʵû࣬ûнءѧԺʿѧԺǽƬãʱؼۻϺü֮ࡣ֮һƬصõؼֻۣǣ½һأóˣ
ǣǮæС˵üǣҾôġ
յⶼСǵĿ⻹Ҫȫóײǵߣ޵ģ׬öԿõó޵ãҪ׬ǮóסеĴѾ£괬ܹǴʲôɣ
ʵⶼúѣڵһؾȡ˴ĳɹʴ˶һ£ǳڴ
ѽ˶ᣬ˵Щ
ͻȻվ˳ԣ˻һһҲԼǹˣ˵ˣҪӵĻô׬ǮյС磬˶ᣬҵһЩ顣
Ŷһ˵
ֵҾÿгıĿ
Ǯøֱӣ̸˶ô̸
չһЦⲻ˵ţһִֵļϣֶپҰ
Ǳ߱˵
԰ͷһţһСֵ˵ģ⻹ǲ˶ȫǹעгһţ벻жѽأгؿҪǮģ˼˾տܲԸ⽨ôţȥ˾һ£˵ǺͶ԰һгء
һţһʹĵͷĿ˸ƵԽܼ
һǮ󷽵ֵɫһƵĸо
ǵ͵ı֢״
ָճĺУҲǴվõطſڵľ룬԰Ĵţձɿ֣ļ򣬡ֻҵĽ飬Լٺúÿǿǡ
æܹõСָ㣬ֵ컯лл
ЦǺǵ
תǸһɷƽľǰ
ֻ԰ַǷ洦ɼСȥ⻹ֹϱϻأ԰̯λʽƷĿţĿϾӣϿջƮŸֹ̹ûʲô
Щ̯λУ඼һЩС̯ҲһЩոս̽СˣǰģֻһЩСƷСԣ̯԰Ҳֻȡһã⵱ȻǺյ⣬ǲİһЩС˳ɳͬľǣ¾Խ࣬׬Խࡣ
ʣЩһЩֵ̼Ʒչÿ൱ߵġ
Ϊһ˶ȫǹעƷعʿ֪Ǯ
һӦôа˶ʱϢ
飡
ϣ
˹Ǯ˵һӭǰȥ
鲻Ϊ飬Ǵһ棬ͶźһͿ䣬ҾǴԴҲû뵽ԭ԰ô׬ǮһȡʮǮЩչ̯λˡ
ȴЦԽԽˣ⿪ھǮ¶һЩ޴Ӧˡ
㶣һЦֵ飬ҾһˣǮҲǿصĺܡǰҪʲôǮĻȥԺҪǮ԰ҪǮ·ԵöûǮƾٺ»ǻǹǺҪû԰Ļҿܾ͵ôڼҳ̲ˡ
Цǫˣصĵؼ˶٣ӦģƾأγԴ
ԣĵĹЦ
һأֻ˳ˮܱߵĵأɶңʴһصؼĹУǴӮҡ
ߣҴġĵźȥ


1529 δ
ո԰ĺ棬Ͷ˻ֻ߻ɢɢȺȲ裬壬ǳУһ㹫԰ζҲѾһһķչ˶һ˶ƺҲûжѡ
ʱҧԼƃս°ȻΪ佫˭ҲԸ䣬ʴˣǶûпأԶò˵
յҲżһԿţ˳Ĺ԰ڵ£԰ڵḶ́еıȽϻֲǷزǱȽϿعϵڵ԰ܹ㵱µ󣬾ͲҪ̫żһ򻯽ǺΪصġ
úһһ̲Ž
Ӵˣ
ݼǲö˵װģͿˣƫƫװǸոտġ
ռ˾ա¬
ʲôʱģ
յһᡣ
յݼҲ˺󰡣
գգ
һ˻ƵĽкƃʷȴָ첲ȵ佫̽ոΧס
λô
Щ佫Щ鰡
ƃɱϻشӦʲô
պܹϵҡҡͷҴӲ״Ӧκ¡
㻹Ʊ磬ϻǾ̸г˶ᣬʱҲڣ㲻˰ɡƃ
ϾСӵ˶ỹȱһЩЩҪǳӵ˶ᣬ붼̼ͦİ
ԭ£ˣЦҼǵãҲûдӦֻ˵ǿеġ
Ϊʲôһûκζ
ΪҺæ

ƃ˺һƤӶڶ£ò˵յıǳǷ⡣
ͻȻ⣬ϷҲһֱΪ
ԲĿ漴˶᲻˵ܰģôȥ죬ʲôȥ죬˭֣ôӳ顣
ʲôӳ飬ʾͿôʷһ֣ͦͷ˵
Ȼô򵥣ΪʲôҪңԼҲ԰찡
ҡ
ʷ룬Լû͡
ǺһЦ˵Ӧô죿
յȣóһרŵĻΪ˶ҪǮģûרŵĻ϶ǲеģҪ֧ӯ飬ԼԶĹ滮
֮Եͷֵ»ı
ôʱ䣡ЦҲѵѡһ˱Ҹʺϡ
˭
һ۾Ϳҧ
ƃ˳Ŀ⿴ȥȻһȡ
óҧ벻ʧܶѰ
ҧҲû뵽ΪҲһ죬һƃǾȵĿ⣬ʱԼˣŭôѵΪϷ򲻺ô
Ȼ
ΥĵĻ˵ʱǽͰ͵ġ
ҧָƃЩˣУڳлôã˼ҺһʮСޣ֪Ϊʲô𣿾û۹⡣˵ţһִںյļϣһأҧǷǳᣬСޣϷ˵СӽгϢģ㿴Ϸû˵ɡ
ǿңڿԼպǺǵ¬ˣʵҾһʵˣֻ£Щα׵Ļǲ̫˵Ҫ˵˶ᣬ¬֡ΪʲôأΪ¬ҵΪֱñƽ¶ƽ˶ĹؼڹƽݹΨ¬ӡ
ƥĵ԰
˵ƃǣЩȥˡ
ҧƮƮȻЦû뵽˽ϷˣСӡ
Ҫ
ҪǱˣƃǷǵȥKһ٣̫Ҫˡ
У¾ô˰ɣҧİƥĳˣܾܾô
ЦЦʵҲٰ˶ᣬҲַ籩һ֣ûǡûд룬ʱԣͿٵȵȣΪڲ̫ὫԼһֲļƻڡҧȷһǳʵˣΪ˶ⶫᷢһЩ˵ĹҪһסҧ˱Ƚֱӣһɽ޼ɶϿڣں˭
ҧֵգϷ縡ƣ׬Ǯ£ɲɵȫûͷúհæ
Цŵͷ¬ģһᾡ¬ġ
ƃôһҪóҧһ˭ҲμѽкհæǾͷĶˡ
ҲǼõģģҧȥˣѵþһأʴ˽ձҪù񫡣
ȻûȥˣǽԼ뺫߳򳡣Ŷůʯ̳ɵСƵš
벻˾ն˶ҲͦĵġЦʵ
΢΢ЦϷ佫̫ϲ秵ģڼ￴飬ģ˾Ӧö˶ͷǳϷθڡ
ܼ򵥵һɣȴ֮
һ㣬ջû뵽ɼЩ佫ƽʱȥֵģʵƲ磬ԼǱˣÿǱ˭Ҫ
ֵϷû뵽ѡ¬¡
յ˾ΪΣ
ֻЦŵͷȻҲǷǳ⣬ȻʲôƵãŶھѧԺǱʵϰ£Ѿ࣬㿴ʲôʱ򡭡
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ԣΪԼıһ亹
ʱһܼҼææ˹ү̫ӵˡ
⣡С̫Ӹˣõˡ
̽ϳҧǸšʱֻһɽıվڲݵϡ
´ݹ٣ϳʧԶӭˡˡǰ֡
ίĴ۾˾գûдŵɡ
æˣϳм㡣
ȴǵ𣿡
һ㶣Щԡ
ɺն˼ЦǺǵ⵱Ȼǵѽ˶᱾ǺǵĽգӦμ˶ᡣ
ۺյΪʲô㲻ȥң
̾£ճһֱòȥ£ҹ£˼ȥջǾȥ¡
뼤ΪΣ
յⲻǺ±˵ô뿪ʱҪõ£û˵óȴŵµˣǷǳܹġ
ô
ǵġյΪʲô˶ᣬǵЩСѧϰƣۣŪһ˶Ƿһ£ˣǵ͸Ӳ˵ˣ˵Ӧúϼգ⼸Ҳʲôѧҵġ
˵ţ˾գ˵أ
ǰƣ⺫ǻȥˣҹ̫Ӳѧҵ˵ģֱףԭΪһɡڣּ۰Ͱ͵ĿҲֻЦǺǵǣ˵òʵһ£ǿԵġ
˵ţεĵ˺һۡ
յȻѡӡ
ϾһСʱתΪϲ˾ն˵ˣϼգ˭Ҷ졣
ΪˣǵȻܴ˻һȥǰ棬뿴ЩСڲٳȥģŸָϷ˷ܲѣϧ̫ӣҲȺֱײǽ뵽̨ȥ׼ۿĻʽ
ҲֻһЩ̨ϣŵЩСˣ
ûһ⿪Ļʽ㿪ʼˡ
ȣ볡ʽ
ֻһȺɫ޷̵СһôСģһ˳·Ҫȥÿˣ̶רŵķ̣˶ģҲǴͳ̣ȥǳ֣滹ųĶ顣
ҪԶȥĶö࣬Ϊ󲿷ѧμˣ˶ǶԣѾΪһټϹӵܣһж߳ոµ¿㣬·ûû˵ġǹӵܣǵǱ˶ˣҪѧԺԸԳʴ˶Ե÷ǳ˷ܣԪǼӣģĵĲˡ
Χ۵Ⱥڸ㣬㣬ٳܱΧʵʵ
ģ׳٣⻨Ҳ˲٣м赸ĽĿͷݵöǸˡµˣûгСݡǿһСڲٳϻ򳪻ģ¹ܱݵΣȥôɰкܶ˶ǵĸĸѩǾıŵ⼸СĿһڣ޲ֳޡ
̨ϵҲ˷ܵĹơ
ҿ÷ǳʱ巽ͻȻ̨ϣһһ
յһ㣬ú˵
ǣ
巽һ
ô㲻ȥ˵ϼ䣿
赭д˶Ҷûô룬һֱԺڲģȥ˵ӺһЩ
ԵͷҲٶ˵ʲô
ʵѾ˾ӶߣѵӪѧԺѧԺԼͳͳǽȥܣֻ´񣬽˶ѣٸǰһͷ¶棬粻һˣ淨ȻҲͬˡ


1530 Ҫ
巽ûкǿڲţ˵Щһ֪Ǿ˼Ѭճģֻ˵йоأûʲô㣬ʵһϣ̨ܹ˵䣬սͦмġǣʼڼαϯϣ˼ûС
Ҳ纫Լԣһֻһڵݲһ˶ᡣ
һһĹڣһ뿪ˣ磬档ɳ֮⣬ÿ˶ǾͶ뵽һ˶УһʼǺ죬ҲҪйҪеƸġ

Ԫұ
Ů
㡪ôأ
ڹԪĵձźſڳ֣ʮֲ졣
Ц˰
ԪĵԷ˰ۣҲ˵˵
뺢ҪҲǺ˵˵Ů
ҡҡС֣Ĵ۾һ˿Ŀǿɰ̲סǷ۵СϼڣСǹԣǵܵܿҪԶˡ
һ˵ţһ߱źߵ¡
Ԫĵûİһۣղ˶ῪĻôôأ
С͵͵㣬˶ᣬʵȤûС
ԪĵȵһȤûУǡ˶᲻Ūô
ûյͷֵŪ֯ҵѵ֯ǳȤô
Ԫĵ㶡
ЦֻˣңŪĶϲˣҪԼҲϲ
ûë
һëûУ
ԪĵЦǴԺҲϲ
һ£ǣϾҲһ꣬Ҳһ㸽ӹţ׷ģвĽĿҲȥġ
ѧꣿԪĵۺգ̫Ц̨˵ôԭһЩƭ˵ġ
Цˣ˵ĻǷԷθҾٰ˶С룬ǿľˣҸû̫ĹϵֻΪԼİãҷȥʲô˶ô룬ҵȻȥרŹ¡
Ԫĵ뻹ˣЦܹҵ粵
յֻʵʵ˵÷ĹȻһȥ԰ߣ칤Ҳ۰
Ϊûôҽڣ
ԪĵһۣǽãȻ뱧źĺȥ԰档
ܵƤô
¶ס˵أԼǶӣҲһΣһºÿȥܽǳСӡ
ԪĵЦһ۸Ҿˡ
ĻᰡյȻܹѹ£ŮĸҵгֵԹ̺ܽģ
ԪĵûҿûѹֻһֱôΪġ
չһֱҪԽĿ꣬ƳǵĿˣǲడ
Ԫĵߵɱǿö࣬þҰһ㣬޷졣ҿڸƺɵòҪܹһֱôȥҿɾͷˡ
յ⻰ɲܵµ˵ȻĻƫƫԸǻԽԽġ
ԪĵһЦ˵ͷֵĴԺƺȡ˷ǳĳɹҪƱ
𣿡պǺһЦҲǱȻģҶ׼ôãϧټˣҪʧˣҾͲҪˡ⹫»ǵ˵ɣŶס׼һ¡
׼ʲôԪĵһ㶣ͻȻӦʱ˫գһûУĪҪ̻Ů˵ţֽ˹
չһЦһסԪĵ֫㱧СģұģǷ޶ãգա
Ȼ԰еʻ붼ѾˣֻҪʢġĵڣձ԰
һڶȹһܰϷ޶ԪԪϯԴϾܾûиմˣǸ̸̸ˡ
գϲĴԺȡشĳɹ
Ԫּգյϲ
ллЦŵͷ󲮣ҪֱȥˣȻ˰ŵġ
ͷӶֺǺǵЦС̫ζˡ
̸һԺ㿪ʼ⣬￪ᣬȻǳģҪҲ̸ȥԪҵĴͳǱȽʵˣ󲮣ǵã˵˴սıһ£
Ԫ£˵ūһ£
յͷ
Ԫĵ￩һ£Ϊ̸̸Ͻƻ£ȴû뵽վҪ̸۴¡
ԪԪȳҲһڣ㽫һһ߻ܵĻ顣
ԪҲֺ棬ôͻȻ˵ˡ
Цʵϻش֮һֱ˼ԽԽ¿еģǵˣǻøһЩ
Ԫü˻
յҴΪʲô㣬ǱڵвԼȡԴԭ˵ڹһȽԶĵطǿɾ˵ءñȸ߾ǻ֮أ׻˵úãɽ߻ʵԶǱ޳Īʴˣ㳯͢˸߾ͨҲѡֲһȨأֻҪȨָͿˡôĻΪ£ֻҪз紵ݶôǸȨƣͷֻὫһսðæһ
Ԫʵǲ֪ʲôϵ
յ룬ǷȥЩط
˻һеˣǴʧɫʲô
ԪһڣͷһЩ˵áˡȥЩط
յͷͺñԪϺ£ֻɳ͢ȥӹܡֲ͢һȨͻ罫ĵֳ̻һŹ˾ԭȥӹܣһȿȶסأֲõʧȥƣԭȥʺĵطֻǲƣԸⳤôĻԭġ˶ԣȻǻ֮أôҲһأֻҪø̫˷Ƿǳɹ۵ġ
Ԫǻǵ˫ĿͻȻһâҲó͢Ӧ
յûʲôǲܵģֻҪȼ۵Ľ̶ڳ͢һָ峯ڶ߾ôԸṩĻ͢ΪʲôӦ˴л͢ҲܹһӦòʲô⡣
Ԫĵ̵ɣԪ볯͢򽻵ôƻصġ
յǵԽԽ󣬲һֱ͢򽻵ǱȻģΪԪֻڱϵľף͢⻹ǿԵġ
ԪͻȻἰ£Īǳ͢ڿܷս
յǲܵģǽпܡ
߾ԪͻȻ
ЦǶ˵ģҿʲôû˵
ԪĵҲ޳ô
յֻҵһ飬ͬʱҲĵ˼
ԪͻȻԪҲ룬᲻ˣ
յȻᡣ


1531 ִ
Ԫû뵽˶ڼˣȻ̸ôشļƻԪҲǺ׼ԴһЩκ
ôشľܵ;ԪҪһʵĿ˳㽫Լе亹ɾ
ʴˣԪúշ򸾻ȥǼͷӵϸǿǡ
ճãԪĵԼСԺȥûдա
տźܿʧҹĻеԪĵüģε̾˿
صڣԪĵˣ̽ƫһȥ
أ
˹ȥ
ߣ
Ҳ£浽ʱһȥˣǵʱǿ϶ҵġ
ΪʲôȲԪĵ͵ػعͷϽƻģˣѵȸһ£ľôô
յҲ˵Ϊϣϵ£ȥ˵ֻһ˵ġ
̸ʲô
̾˿Ҹ㣬ܸıʲôܵҪȥ˵ΪƻڱУԪһ
ڱС
ԪĵЦһʱĲף㾿ʲôѾΪ࣬ӵҲƣ֪ôŶķôսѽвȫ׹ԨɷҲ֪ΪʲôҪսϵһ𡣡
յ㣬ԪҲӵҲƣΪʲô㻹ҪôŬȥϣҵһ·ô
ѵսǳ·սǻͿֻ̿ˡ
սӶᣬսؽϻʲô׬Ǯ
Ϊʲôȥǿ
ΪϷսǺϷġ
ԪĵŭЦû뵽ԭ־ôΰ󡣡
Ǹ˵һ㣬־Զġ
յΪʲôҪҳ·Ϊʲôҳ·ΪԹ˵ĵλǳ΢Ϊʲô˵ĵλܱ΢ΪΨͼ𣿵ȻǣΪ˶ڹҡڳ͢ھûκιףͬǲֽһ㣬ǲҪֻ˾ˡ˲ܹ͢սܰ͢ȶô˵ĵλô΢ô͢ѹô
Ԫĵüһ壬
յչĺܺãǵλȴΣһǽһȷһԺգΪ㲻κ˲вʱȫģͬʱҲ΢ģ߳ߣ˭Ը΢ĻšǽһĻľ֣ش֮˵ô죿
Ԫĵҡͷɵӣƽƣǰ;һƬֻҪ㲽ΪӪ緿䡢޼ǰȥλ˳ڻ£ȴǷѾ˼ƻеŪˣÿ˶ļƻУ˵ֻΪҵ·⻰Լôûв´ĻôͲΪἰͼƻõģ͸ϽƻһĿľʲô
տЦһȷƽƣûΪʲôһƽƣΪƻеҴƵİձøӸУߵĸǷ䡢޼ɵ·һҵĿҲܼ򵥣ǻȡĲƸôƱøǿ󡣡
ԪĵҪ͢ϵĶⷢս͢սͷô͢᲻ϵĶⷢսǴҪ˵ģû
սǺųģԲսϵô治ϣոսϵһ飬ѹͷǳᷢս
յ͢սǳȲϣҪ߾Ҳ˳ˮ۰ˡ˵òȷˣڣǰˣܵõκζ͢ҵļƻԼԱһԱõ㹻Ĳ
Ԫĵɣûһʧˣ˻Ϊ㣬ܵǣ㲻һֱӮȥģʮĳ޼ɣҲѱǰ˭ܹõ
յѵΪ·ҷԼһУ帮ǾͻأǲܻͷģұҪһֱȥǣҲʧܣҲпܻɹҷĻҵ³һǳҡ
ȥиɣ˭Ҳû˵˭
ԪĵվЩˣȥͷ˯ɡ
˫ִһվҽȥͷ˯治ϣķ磬ΪǷ޼ĸңͲһ¡˵꣬תȥˡ
źϣԪĵ˫Ŀһգһ̾ҡҷü˵Ǻͺ¡
˵ףͿյ淨Ҳû⣬㽫߾͸ԪңҲǶһǮ£ԪĿǰķչҪͨսȥòƸ̫ðˣǰδû
δ֪˺º͵ǡ
һҹעߡ
һ磬ԪĵӴ̬ԵЩƣ룬Ÿոϴ꣬
˭
ҡ
洫յ
ԪĵɰΣǰȥŴȴնİվ⣬Щ¡
һû˯ðɣģİͣһԪΡЦ
ԪĵɵˣһжһΡȴӦѾ˽ֵɵվЩԣȻˡ
Ԫĵ˹ȥϵͣۺգΣջ
ջһһ߸˵һЩȤ£һ߳ţ·£ûз
ԪĵȴûӦԽӷ£գ»Уǲܵûз
һЦֻϵ£ҲӰ쵽֮ĸ飬㲻ԸĻҿãῪʱĻһǿģΪ飬ĸֻһߣ˶ѡûʲôǸҪ
Ԫĵսȴǳ·޼ָңΪۼԼĸĸһģҲ֪ԪĵԸȽҲõĻʱһãľ˵ˣҪӪģΪøϽĨȥЩ£ĿǷǴﵽɣڼͥ棬˭ҪһЩ
ԪĵͷһůΪˣһѾǷǳˣҾһϵ˼ҲûôֻǻΣ죬ҿǶˡ
չһЦҲ̫СˣȳԣȥɢµȻ˵
Ԫĵͷ
Ÿճ꣬ոճţ׼ȥͼԪߵʹվԺſڣүүȥá
Цô簡Ҳû˯á
Ԫĵһۣ㻹ЦóڣǶΪ㡣
պٺһЦ߰ɡ
ʹͻȻүүһȥ
㶣ʲô˼һ˵ĳ嶯ҸոպţѾң̫ô
ʹӿյЩ£ҶԣֻԵԪĵ
Ԫĵȥɡ
Ԫĵ֣ߡ
ԪĵȴǳҵԪҵĹء
찡
մ˴ͷգ󲮻ǰҰ
ԪĵЦˣôϺԪҵĹأȥˣҲı䲻ʲôȥɣҲ͵ġ
յû£
ԪĵҴ󲮣ұҪ˽˵СֹҲǵһˡ
յͷǡаɣˣ㱨
ʲô㱨˵˵Ԫĵ΢죬ֵȥɡ

ãֻԪҵĳǶѾˣԪܶӳʷ˹
Ƶ󲮣ˡðһ䣬ﲻĵ롣
Ԫʵ˯ģ
ʵôֱôգգۣڨڨֻǷ޼һС£Ǹոջһͣûһ⣬ʹˡ
ԪЦϷɲǷ޼£ϷʵǣΪʲôȥͷ˯
գգۣ룬Ƕˣ»صȥͷ˯ޣҲ˯ͷˡ
ԪĵҿųģѾͷһֱСĽߴһʴûŪ֮ǰǾƲһģԶϣߵÿ˶ģǲܵģϡԸֻʺϴ񣬶ʺƶƻǽҪ̸£Ӳʺ롣ϷֻһԪѡ񣡡
յǴ󲮣ܷ΢һҵôڻϽͣҿɲȥ˯ͷ
ԪǺһЦĵģΪȨƲ˹κˣ㲻⡣ɡ
ԪҲģĵǺӹԵĺܣƢģֲǵһؽɨسš˵ţ΢΢ƳԪȻڷԪһֱ֧Ԫĵġ
ԪȨûףյɡ
һ̾
ҲǸԪһش򽻵ЩͷӣʵǱȽϱ̬ģǵԪңֻԪľ£ǣЩСܷӣƢҸ˾ְԪͬһ㣬ﶷͷּң໥ںģҲǹ·һҪԭ


1532 Ĳ
֮Ԫʵգи
ҡҡͷһǾ仰͢˰ֵ͢ãҳ͢Ϊǵ㶫ΪǱڵвҴƶԣֻһƶ֮أֵһᣬӦòʲô⡣
ԪüȻʲôδ£ΪҪڸ
յ󲮣еûʲôҪطʳأԪҲˣԪҵʳҲڽϣȸõʱʱ䲻Ͼʳӽ˵ɶǱȽԶġ
Ԫǲ֪Ҫʳ
յһȼ۵Ľö࣬õԽࡣ
ԪͻȻǲ֪ܹõʲô
ЦūľģԼú̿
ú̿
Ԫ˽һ
յͷ飬̺Ŵú̿ǧȷģҵú̿÷ǳҪֽˮơɶҪһú㹻ֳԪΪ˸һС
ԪĿ˸˼£̲ס˷ܹܵ͢úĻƲġ
Ƴú̿ǲ࣬Źҵķչú̿ԽԽߣʳú̿ûֳġ
Ԫֵɳ͢ҲûὫúǡ
ЦҪú
Ԫһ£漴Ȼջ𰡣
յջ𣿡
ҡ
ԪͻȻסˣƺʲô
յȥŪú̿Ҫ˻صԭԭ󣬵ú̿ԭڳ͢ԣ͢þˣֲ͢ģҪôú̿ʲôʱ͢ú̿ͻعԭ󣬺βȥ
ԪԵͷʵūأҴһҲǽһЩ²ūҪǿɶԴǵūЩǶֵ֣ǡ
Ц֪Ϊ׬Ǯʲô
ԪƵʲô
ԪͻȻ
ȷ
յһֱΪ׬Ǯľǵūǰﵥڣϱϼգ󺺾͵ͲǮƹȥޱϷĻ˭һСɴ˿ɼҴƲֻΪǰǳ͢ӹܣ쳯ܵù˼һɣ˵ĻҲôãֻ͢ҪһֻۣһֻۼɡңԸ߾ҹʮӵڴˣʬǶԸ黹һѪ𰡣
Ԫ˽¶˼ı顣
ջʵ̫ˣú̿ūҵȱģΪ͹ĳ֣ʴ˹ɱ߲٣ҲͰˣؼܶûԱȥʵ̫ˣūĻɱɾ͵ͶˣֻҪȼ۵ūôԪеʳȥҲǲġ
úðΣԪô
ԪԪǣûпڣŵүүΪһǱΪ׼ǿȽʳ˶ɶҲ˶ǮģԪڽϵ˲ʳ㲻͢Ҳ취ˡ
ԪֵҲǷ׷׵ͷ
ֵ֮⣬սʣǽһЩʣȫ͵ɶȡʡ
Ԫһ¾ͽԪȥɡ
ȻΪ׼ô͵˽ˣô죬ǾǺաԪ˵㡣
ãձԪܵԪܣĿǰȫҵԤ⣬ǧܴȥĻܴķ粨ġ
øҷģҶסԪһĵͷǹ̽ϣ۷Ź⣬鼤øڴ֮ǰҸû뵽ԭôڴ
ԪĵԣԪܵǸһˣǺռƻʵ֧ߣϽƻɶƻ˼飬У˾ӦΨͼӦȥ׬Ǯϵ׬Ǯ׬ǮԣҲһֿУԴǷǳ˷ܵġ
ֵԪǱû
Ԫһ㶣ûУǱһſǲס
յдһȥǱжʳȫɶסǶʳ
Ԫܵͷ֪ˡ
ͻȻʲôƵãԪû
Ԫܵǰʱÿӥȥμ˶ˡ
ѽôˣȻˣܻšյͷȥңȻһˡ
ԪܲԵĿźա
һǳҿùõɷҵû㱨Ȼֵȥͷ˯ˡ
Ԫ˺һ漴Ͻסһĵͷ죬ƻЦġ
ջصʱԪĵҡҡź˯һơ
ŵǰҡһۣƤһ׹ǿɰ
һ˯˹ȥԪĵ￴ţȻ뺫ȥԺ
̸أ
š
յͷ߲һõʱ˵ǾΪ׼ϵĴɶ
Ԫĵ̾˿ѾϵˣǰЩѾ㲻˴ǵθˡ˵ţۺգȻǺսǵθڸġ
֣Ц֮飬ȥǰҲ᲻Ȥ
Ԫĵ˼Ƭ̣ЩΣͻȻһִںյֱϣգ˵˻Ϊʲô
һ˸־ɡ
أ
ҵĻϣܹңڣԼ˿ֵĻšһ
Ԫĵֱۣ˵õĻˡ
ΪӺյΪȫ෴ġ
Цʵ˵ʵĻ˵̾˿ǵõݵʱҰ²ٹͣʱϣȥݸðҾܾˣΪҲϲܵԼҵʱֻ¶÷壬ڵĻȥǡ
Цҡҡͷ粻ֹֻΪ˵һ仰Ͳ㱻䵽߽ȥҪҸ޷ɼҶãУȻڳһУ֪ҪڵĻţǲܵġʲôڣϾ¥һٷԼλӣ˼ɵĸԱߵİ˽ʱʱ̶̿СĽȵӰӣ·϶ǽߣճĽֵ
Ԫĵţϳһ˿ݡ
ֵ֮˷¥˹٣ҵݵʱڣҿɵס֣ǣҲȥ˶ῴЩƴĺǣȥڿа裬û˻ֹңҲû˸ֹңҿ˵˵Ļ¡һУΪ롣㻹ΪҷǾ仰ǻ𣿡
ԪĵչһЦɡ˵꣬źգգӣӦ֧ģҲ֧㣬ͬʱԪҵŮΪңųΪԪҵˣԼԣҲκ£ܷʲô£ҶվһԹ޻ڣǡҲΪ㣬۵ԪңϣģԪܹߵգǶôĲףҡ
˵⶯֮Ѿʡ
һԼģҲġ
Ԫĵٳն˭ܹ֤
յɲһ֪ΪʲôΪϽƻɶƻе𣿡
Ԫĵü΢壬˼
ֵΪ㲢֪չȥĽ𣿡
Ԫĵһ
յ㲻ΨһһΪΨһһ֪ˣֻҪҵļƻȥҾܹڲ֮أ֮ұɡ
ԪĵΪʲôɶƻڱУΪֻղܹڲ֮ءҪǴͳ淨ǳ޼ЩϺĶֻ֣һƭӶѣĳɹԶǽĻ֮£һ뿪˻ԣôһֻһֱܲ˺ܲ˵ļ


1533 ˵
ǰĺգĺգǲݸڼз档ԪĵͬԪִ壬СţȻɵ𣬵ȥ⺫ٵִ
ףʵòǲƸȨ档
ܹߵһʵÿһضϵöԼȫңԼֻһֱӮҲֻһֱĶȥֵģȻˣΨаպյļƻȥչղܹԶӮȥ
ʴˣûԴκЭ
Ϧ¡
ԪΪʲôܵô죿
СԪӥԪյĴ֣һĽĳԪʵ
Ԫһ±ӣΪүүǰǷŹҧңҲܵô졣С壬ܵøһ죬͵ôүүŹҧ㡣
غ÷̷ŭĿԪգԪŶĺӣôϷŪǡ
һ˵Ԫܻô漣
ԪӥһãȻĿԪգΪʲôҪŹҧԪǡ
ԪֻԼ׵ĹȻӥ˵ǲԵŹŻǵġ
Ԫ׵үүǶȸ״ѽǿɶǶߣҲĻϰ׽Ūǡ
ҪȥҹôүүôԪߵ
ԪҧгݵǼСӽ밤ɣ
ԪԪӥС壬㿴ûУͨʱǰȾ͵ܣǲܵô졣
ԪԪˡ
ԪѾҲסˣԪ˸ŽĿ⣬룬ѽ⼸Сڹҷŭǣӥǿ϶Ϊ˵ǣһ˵ȥģѽѽѽЩСԽԽɰˡ
ԪһֱעԪգȻûж֣аԵ⣬ٺ٣СոСǾǴүүߣɵС塢СùǴùϵǡ
գ
ԪͻȻһغ
Ԫתͷһֻվǰ棬Ԫգ˹ȥСո磬̫˼ˣȻȥǱ
ѽСո磬ǽá
Ҳȥ¿˿ޱӣһðοǡû
ԪСո磬߯Ʋˣ㣬ĶܵһԪҪˣ¸㣬Ѿˣһȥ۵ļ¼
յ˵һ˵ɣҪûõһɲ׼ҿޱӡ
Ԫһǵһ
ЦЦֳԪӥӥô
ԪӥҲ˾ܲԪ
ʵǳҲϾǲԭϳģϧԪСǱԪյ̳ģƽʱ׽ŪֻѾܣܵǽһ찡ʵԪҲܵͦģⶼԪһ˵Ĺ͡
ЦҪô䣬˶ǲһ̣ǲֳܷʤġ
˵öԣԪһЦ˵Ԫӡ
ԪǶʱ˫һѸٵܵպ棬Сո磬үүҪкҩԸǣɵðǰ
ʷĺȥšһԪգϲġ
Ԫҧ˭мСôɶ񡣡
غ÷ƺԪգǵˣˣǿȥϴϴɣһġ˵գغ÷˾ǾǣԪȥ
Сո磬һҪǵľŶʷĺƾסԪͷա
Цһ
ȵߺ󣬺տԪգЦЦ˵ԪҪһ棬ǺѰ
ҸԪպߵҰѵвӣҰѵˣҪ㻧ĹѹңֱΣԪվ۸ġ
ΪҸһ
ҿɶˡ
Ƥ֮Ҿͷ㡣
˴ˣ˴ˣ
һŭ֮󣬺ɫԪҲÿһҵĴѽǽ񽻸ģܵøңѵôҪǳ£ҿɵõεġ
ʱһж˳룬ǿɾͲһˡԪպߵ
ģʵûգȻĻҪæհֹһ䣬ȴǺðɣȻ㲻ҪҲ룬ҾͲ룬Ҫǳʲô
Ԫ̵Ҳܣʲô£ضˣϵսҲ
û㻹жΡ
ԪյʲôжΣľɵҲֵңҪ־͹϶ѡһЩ
һΣһûˣҲѵʵСҰǲһֱһ𣿡
ԪһСҰҵ˵˵
üʲô˼
ԪյҾСҰߣˡ
յΪҲ֪ôСҰĲܣұĶࡣ
֪㻹ߡ
СҰԣģ˭Ҳǿˡ
ǿϧˣԪҰ˼£˵Ԫ͵ĺǲ࣬ҲǼСޣСҰһСĽţ侲ᣬոǿһͨ¿൱ǼˡʵҪӵȥһܹΪҴƵͳ˧
̾ҲԸԸ⡣
Ԫռͬ⣬ѵͲô
ҺȥСҰûŲҰǰĺ֪
ԪһĨ־壬Сӣ𱨣ΪСҰ롣
պһ
ԪͻȻһΪСӣ֪̫ξΪλ䣿
һ㶣ü
ԪյܼΪ̫ξûվȨ漰Ȩ࣬Ǿûϻ浽̱ʱҲֻ׸̫ʥϺҲһϢҲñ˭Ҫĩ̫꣬ξѾȨ㳯Ұ̫ʥΪʲôҽȨ̫ξΪǱ϶ôԣСҰŵȥǰһ
һﻹز¶ռûпǣЦҪҶСҰΨһҪ󣬾ǿģֻҪСҰľˡңҲҪ̫ξ
ԪյСӻǲ֪ôҪǿСõķϣҲô㡣ڳвˣֵˣ㲻Ҳδػѡ񣿡
ЦɾʹˣгĵǣֻдƣֻԽԽãôʵҿúܵ
ԪպɵĿôΰ󣿡
յͷ̾һֱһеˣһˣһеµˣһ˵ͼȤζˣһڰյˡ˶ѡ
ԪôľúðΣͻȻЦ
ƵЦʲô
ԪЦһͻȻһѽոץ˵ѡ
յһЦС֮ĶȾ֮
Ԫյ˵ƽСˣǾӣ
һĨâ
Ԫ򣬵ɷģʱҲûп͸һ壬㻹԰ĵȥ˵ţչһϣеˣˡ˵գ뿪ˡ
ƽ١
üͷԸ㲻Ҫҡ


1534 Խʤ
ⷲܵͷβռȻμ˿ĻʽĻʽȻҲòμӡ
ձ˶һգ罫һ׶ܾİ׽ʤǰ佱Ļʽ
԰ʱأɽ˺һȣûм٣˲٣ЦڶɼѾҪա
Դˣ൱⡣
մӲС㳡ĿͻȻһ£ȻϤӰ˹ȥſ˫ۣСӵļ򣬡٣
ϣ
ܱܵŵ͵زһ£֮󣬷ǽոһҲ֪ģװġ
磡СҰȴתͷٺЦ
ܻܵعͷϲ磡漴ֱ磬㷽ˡ
СӣӻСûһơ
ܵһתתƻ磬ȥأҸСҰãҲûп㡣
ŶһеҪ̸ˣֹʲô
ܵܺٺٵûɶûɶǾȥ棬ҸСҰûгȥˡ
ãжã
ǴˣСҰ˵öô
СҰͷ
մһСҰƺһ㣬ҲǰҪʵ࣬ٿȥûôСҰ˵ڰԪѵԱ
СҰǺȥô
մ㵵ʲôʱȥأ
СҰԪô˵ѽҲȥġ

ʱ˶ԪյԹ˵Ҳ֪϶ԪպСҰȥģҲƣСҰôױƵģӦûѽ̽㡪ҪǲȥĻǾͲҪȥˡ
СҰգգۣû
ԪղֹϺô򵥡Цôȥô
СҰһ£ʵѵɶģҲûȤҲûйϵٺ٣ﾭԪɽԣ˭࣬ҲȤúܡ˵棬̫˼ͷ
ԪջйͬԵģǶɽꡣ
ˣΪʲôСҰܹԪչôãԭԪͶð
ܵúǳԴף˹ȥСҰ»ܹȥô
СҰͷð
յͱ֣ǵطȥô
СҰСֿԿⰡ
ܵܵûС
ʲôõġûĺһСҰСҰԪû۸ɣ
аСҰͷҲ۸
վȵô۸
СҰҪ˵յĻҿܲʹˣܲңҾ;ùӴеЩȮҲҽѵľȻҴ󣬵ҶϣѴҡ
˵һָͨĶԾ
ܵ§СҰСҰԪ۸ҼԪһЩ¡
СҰߵǻװǻƣԽԽ׽Ū㣬ҲŲһ׽Ūء
պȻһСҰĳЦЦʵСҰҲϲ׽Ūˣ׽ŪˣǳһͯģǺ档Ԫ׽ŪˣȫΪԼô˵Ҳ֣ţڴ֮У˶ǲ˵
ȻջǲȥԤСҰľУСҰСֵΨһҪһԶıġ
ֵһţһĴƣΪδʼСڣԶȱģһն԰£ָơ
ڴڼ䣬˼գ۷Ź⣬׷ܹѣģǺֻǸǺѼ䣬úԵıǣģûϹЩҲ֪Ȥ뿪ˡ
ʼˣʼˣ
ܵͻȻָһߵܵغߣǹȥơ
Сӵ˶ϸûУȴᰮܱҲȴ˷ѽ⡣ܵԱߣﵹû˸պѣû˷ֻվ󣬶ǳɤź͡
Ǳʤ
Ǳʤ
Ǳʤ
ϱȥһѧԺҲշƵѧԺֿںźҲȢˡ
ѡѾ׼
ֿʼĺѡֵ֣ۺԪܻӭȥĹھ˶ԱԪСģһŶһɰţܵҲԪ֧ߣ㵸Ĵš
պСҰֻĬĶ˶
һ졣
ѡͬ۵ļܶԣ죬Ͼо飬Ԫӥ֮ԪӥûȥշƵѧԺȥͽǣѧԺרѵǵܣԪģСһΪܵĻؿɾȡʸˣʵҲһš
ΪǶܣ֮󣬾̽˰Ȼڽڷ
ԪӥһֱȣֱʮףԪС̬ͻȻ٣ٶ֮죬Ĳʮ꣬Ԫҵʶôı̬൱ȥҪ̼ˣǳ׷ˣʮףԪ˳Խһٳص㣬۵ڶԪӥ
ӮˣӮˣԪӮˣ
ܼܵ˫һţͻȻ
ȥ
û뵽ӻԼֻ̩ɽѹһ㣬˫һûйڵϣĴŲӵӣҪѹô
ܵ£æӺٺٵԲ𣬶Բ̫ˡ
մҿҪСҰСҰǵѹⲻɡ
ܵͷСҰ
СҰȴ쳣ģҿԱסġֻСǲС
ܵܶʱ˷ˣһִСҰϣһNɪС磬ûС
շ°ۣȺһĺУֻѧԺѧ׷׷ԪֱģҲһ㣬ǳ˷ܡ
ΪǵһزֶǴСŵĹӵܣûбľ飬ҲûۣǰĿˣ˵ʲǷȱҲԪҺϳ̼ҵĺȡһЩΣܵ˵ǲϽʴǶǳԪδסŲΧܵţơ
ŵһͿ
ЦСӻǡ

ۣԪӥѾǳˣҪ٣ȻĽҪģǿѧԺǵʵҪǿǣֻҪƽʱѵȥܣһӮġ
ѩЩϽѧԺʦǼæǰοۺԪӥ
ۡԪӥʹĵͷû˭飬ɱ˺ۡ
˶ֻһĿǾİ׽ʴˣԵΪҪΪѧԺҲǷѹᡣ
Ϣʱ֮ѹϷھҪˣܵⶼˣݷֵ÷ǳΪȫշƵѧԺռţ˼ϽİյȻ֧ϽЩ𡢵ǰֵģΪЩǴġ
Ҳ֪ѧԺ˭ʤһЩĻѧԱǳƽϽԪӥλͽĻǾȫûȥĥǲѡֵĻԪԪԼϳ̼ҵСޡ
ʼǰ̨ϵĴҲǫ̈̄ǰǳҧƥ򣬻ΪĴŲӣΪԼ͡
һ죬ʽʼˣһ˸߹һˡ
ѽ

һ֮漴һϧ
ԭһӰʱ򣬽Ӹˡ
վһԪˣᶼˣ·ֱӴõ˵ǲһĶ֣һĶѰ
յɫȻ·ϵһ㣬ǹӵܣǿȱŶӾúܣҲϸ£һӾƽʱӰѵûѵǸ߰ԸΪ͵һʲôġ
Ҫǣǻȱ飬һӾˣΪԼ䶨ˣȻԪ˰ӣٶȱƽʱ
ȵԪӰʱۺĲѾ˴룬СͻȻһѾӷյȥһĲģԪƽʱɰǿʤ
ʼһŶ˶
ԪҲͽ͡
գ΢Ƴյ㣬Ҳ˽Ĺھ
Ⱥжʱһ󻶺
ǵѧǱͷʹޣ̫⣬ôǿȴˡ
ռһĻ΢΢ĲʤҲʲôдԣֻһӶѣһֳԽʤ塣
ǿɶǹӵܣǺǣϾͶӵܣҲԪӥԪࡣҪǰĻ岻ͬģĻͬ˼ӵܻѹŹӵܣΪؼǣСܱߵĴ˶ϰ󣬲δеŭɽܣ˵䣬Ҫеֻϧźһǳ״̬һС
ǳҪ
ʵ˶ڡ
Ҳֻкӵ˶ܹͻ׵ĹһȺ˼ҵӵܿ޼ҵˣǰ棬ЩӲЩҪӮ
ĿĴﵽˡ
˵
һݣתȥǴУ漴Ц֪Ҿϲ֪ҵ⣬ȴ޿κεı顣


1535 ͯ
ȻĿѾ꣬ȴû뿪Ϊİ佱ʽͱĻʽֵͬڴԺյԸҲᰲ磬һ˶ˣǿɾˡǰ佱ʽʲô˶ԱѾ񣬵ȵȣɶѡġ
Ȼڰ佱ʽջ΢ȥ
飬ȥأôûƼ㣿
ͻȻ֣СޱȵƣǸеǳȣΪ˶ǳԺ֣֮ôܲأ
صµĻеҪæʴûҲǸеǳźյȻʵ˵˶Ȥ
롰ŶһҲ溫ոеź
һԵҧеһ
ֻԿһۣĿдһ֮⡣ۻˣΪղڣʴ̫롣
Ȩûпտÿģ
ٺЦţĵءͷϾǶڣұ¶еĿģ±ѵ
ȴûʲôҪʵ£ܷ˵˵յ֪ԼЩʵĻڣ
ð
ֱͷ̸˵㵸ɫï˵ɫɼ÷ǳġ
Ҳѹ֣ڶô飬ܵԼ˵ǲܵģСҲû˭ʴ÷ǳģ˶ɡ
ţżһ䣬ǡô¸ˡ
ϺͻȻ˵£Ҫʧһ˵𣬾͵һͷû⣬ͳҧǸϽˣǰۺգ˵Ǵգʣµİգɵø
ⲻ֪֮ôʣΪֲһ¡
ʱھһЩۣһԵ̫Ͻһһֱߣδ˵ô໰ѽ
Ц벻㿴Ͷ룬֪ܷﳼһæ
ʲôæϽ²豭
յӦûǣǻһЩֲڳûƽжϣʴ˻´泼ȥ󡣡
۷Ź⣬ȴô
յҲֻǷ˵˶ᷢһУžô°æŵܹжϡ
ż磬ϲĵ˵Դ
ɲһˣкһЩˣһЩαģǼȻ˽ǵȻĽΪⷴӹƽһЩΪŲῴԷĳԼ̫ӣҪ˵ɫôȫԼһжϣ̫ӣ˭Ҳϣȥ̫ӵĽ飬Ľ飬ҲǷǳͬġ
ССһ񫡣
ʱ֡
һʮҵСĶ볡ÿ϶Ųõ΢ЦΪӭͻڲٳųһ󣬶յϣԵøů
ȥ겻ͬڲٳǰһ콱̨Ϊȥڣûʵͷ˰佱ʴǽ콱̨ڹϯǰ棬ⶼΪǨΣΪ˰佱廹ôһ㣬ʵ۲ڣȻǨ˭԰佱Ϊأѡֲǡ
ѧ볡֮巽̵̨˵˼䣬佱ʽʼ
ʲô
Ϊα룬ڵȺ볡佱ʱͻȻŮеֻ̣һͭơεĽƣú˿Ȧţǳľ
Ϸƣҧåֱץһ鿴
ᣬһҧôֱҲùһ顣
̽ͷơ
Ʒʵ԰ǮΪ˶԰԰ĵҶ׬ˣͲ춼˶ᣬÿ¶ҪǮģҲ׬ǮҺ԰ҲйɷݵģھǺոǮǺģ˭󷽣ǽƷһֱǺŪҲʲôƷҲ¡
ռæǰ͵ǽƣרŰ䷢һģʾ
ûʸŪʲôͭʴֻеһнƣһͭơ
ҧ滹֣꼸£ڼ˶ᣬʲôǳϸ̫мֵˣµúúããǳ˶ҲŪ⽱ơ
ٲȻѾԼ˶ưˡ
һȻζ̫ϡĶͼһʸжѣȻĿһ첼ߵ鼮棬̽ͷһƣʲôס¡ͯ
ͯ
ЩҲĿǱ鼮档
巽˹£˾ա
ճڣɵˣֻαϯϣһαһͯ÷ǳרע֪ˡ
ͳҧһһСһ߿һ߹Ц
巽ۺգֻһסͷϳƣǸСͯ£ͲΪʲôҧ𿴵ҲôͶ롣ոϽ巽ʹ˸ʾϽһȺεļα
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ļα붼佫
һȺǿհһ䣬ȴûа취̫£ͯרΪС׼ģѾΪ׼һ
ô
ϲʵĻҲҪģһ붼ûп񫣬佱񶼲ȥˣһعġ
յͷֳųҧǵ¬λǱǸרŸС׼ģʴûа׼
ҧڷԼȴ˿⣬Ѿˣû£û£ϷɲЩСµġ
åտҧǸѽҲ׼һЩϡ
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Цǰдõġ
д԰εİô
š
ҧͻȻǰգ˾Ǻηʥ
Ц¬ˡҲ˵ΪԷ͸¶ǩԼҲΥԼ
ҧ͵͵ϷҲУ
ܸҲ㣬͵ҡҡͷֵλ׼һ£佱ϾҪʼˡ
һ£ٳߣ׼Щѧ佱
ܿ죬佱ʽʽʼˡ
һ԰ϽʱĽ
ôֳ»أ
ȥûнƵġ
ǵڶʹѽô͵һУȴûС
һŽƣվ콱̨ϣĽ񣬿ļˣ˼ҵĺӶԣܾһһ̡
ҲУҲУ
վ̨µԪЦϲ£ˡ
һѧϽ̨Ȼκû˿ûӰǵ飬ɫ˷ܣΪֻڹŴԣʵ̫ټʵҲǽַ⣬ջ˶ᣬΪûа佱ʽ
úһ⽱ǰ䷢ˣŪһͷ󺹡˶ԱԪãƫСõھһǶܡ
ȥ콱ѧһͯҲֻһüεҲֻõһ
佱ʽ巽ϵ̨´ǣԺʱû뵽ô⣬ʲôˣ롢ҧ𡭡һЩмݽǿģҾһأԺݿǶˣ˶ʶȵʷҪĶࡣ
ʷ̨Ҳ˼ʷյͬţȻֳܹϣվ̨´ǣĽ
һпɶǺոģҲǺչҪȥ
ȵ巽´ϣҲŽ˶ʽ
ҿ
Ҷûпꡣ
һ鿴
ҹ
Ĳñ
Сʿ棡

ոٳ̾ҳһƬȥ꾮Ȼ˳ȫֻͬЩС߰ΧһʮΧһЩСΪûеطֱſڵϣĿȥ
ǵĿⶼһСͯ鼮档
ڰ佱ʱ򣬴ĶǽƣûйעͯСϾأһͺİŪԼõĽƷԼʲôͯһ򿪣ˣʵ巽ݽʱСû͵͵Ŀ顣
ۣڿʲô
ѩЩʦ״վһߵģǺǵЩС˳ֱӾ͵£жܺ棬Ƕ˹
Ŷʦڰͯ
۹ɵ˵

ѩʱһ
ѩôأһԵŮʦʵ
ûûʲô
Ϊʲô죿
ô
ѩʶԼȻ̧ͷαϯǱ߿ȥֻһЦĿǺ˭ѩϺαǸˣû뵽վȻὫİͯɽƷ䷢ǣϽܹյĿ⣬Ҷýζв˿ΪԼǳûʸģÿҪʱﶼ±
ȵعʱָһʦҲȥѧһ鿴ˣС̽鵱ôÿô
ÿÿȤˣһʦӦ
ѩ͵͵࣬ĵЦ


1536 ǮС
Ӵ£עһ㣬ɱˤˡ
š
Сĵϵʯӡ
Ŷ
ֻһͯһȺı£Ǳȥʱǲˣ̻عߵ̫Χתͷ󺹣С̫ӿ鿴Ŀת·Ψʱõ׼Ҫ̫ˤһֻȥˡ
һǰ£ϳˡ
һᣬҿһƪ˵


ԶӣҪؼˡ
һҪٿһ
ҲҪͯ
ҲҪͯ

ʱͯѾ쳹԰
ϱ԰Σͯ£Ҫӵˣ԰˵ûŮ֮£ǰҲеģֻû԰ô۶ˣҲûôͯ¿ǰûеģǺմӺģѩдͯʱҲܺյӰ졣
Ǵһµôš
˰ͯһ࣬ЩСһϲ
˼ҵĺӾ͸ЩýѡԼһ鿴Ǹ˼ҵӵܣǾҪûû˵ƾʲôУûУǿɻǹ塣
ѩѩһ£ͯģ
ЩҳûˣǾѩЩʦѯʡ
Щʦ֪ҲôѧѩȻ֪װɲ֪ǸЩҳ԰׼ģѧԺûйϵ
ʴˣЩҳһѷȥΪǶǹ壬вٹһЩϵ
ʵףǷ¥ġ
ձǣҪż֮󣬡ͯڻƽݳۣϸڣձṫ
Ǵδй˳ɹЩСšҪͯŪúնǹˣ̫ˡ
Щҳһû취ֻٵϼա
ҧΪԼС͵Ϊеǵ⣬ԼὫøԼıһǸ˻ġ
һѧԺʦΪôȥ֯ѧж뿪԰һߣҲ˰ͯôĺҲֻĨŸĸ뿪

ǽˣ򷢵Щˣǳһ
Ƴˣ⻹㣬ϰŪ飬θڡ
æ˾գԩѽ׬Ǯ£˭ѽʵӡˢǱ߻û׼ãҲûа취
ֻǿһۣ˵Ź֡
ҧͻȻˣ˵ǮϷ㣬ٰӵ˶ᣬҲҪǮǮϷòôǮ
ȱǮѽҲûжǮϣܹһ㣬͸԰һպʽġ
ƃѽһ˵¬ѽ˼Һ飬Ǯںԣô
ˣŪôأǰҲ˼ǲˬȴ¬ӹѽֻҪ¬һ£Ǯ
ҧһϷѾ̨ˣﻹԸ¸Ϸ򣬿ϷλʱҲûŸϷǮѽôһ£ϷΪʮ꣬һֱϷڲ
ɲҵֻǡ˵࣬վ¬λǲŵĻ
ҧһۣзǳ棬Ƕźһͬȥȥˡ
մ㳡ϣֻʮԱڴɨʵŴûʲôģһر࣬ŻһЩʵΪͷûϡ
С磡
ϣˡ

һվ㳡̾ۼǰɾ׽ˣûдǡ
ȻǶڣЩҲ߲ˣ԰ɾģһʱ䣬ҧͣ͹˿־ڡռȻǾǿ̸ġ
λΣЦʵ
úúáǺǣ
ȹʱҪáǺǣ

Щ˿ڣ͵һ㣬⼸յ۶̵ס˵˵ţ̲סЦϽס졣Ҫ֪Ч治Ǿ⼸յģΪƷҪһعȣҲñЩСԵ꣬˲ԣͲ֪òóԣԹ֮úóԣ϶ģʴ԰ÿһ˶ᣬĿ˶Ҫġ
յͷþͺãþͺã
һͻȻٺЦǶһ㣬Ҫܹ༸վͺˡ
յã¬׼ٰ˶ᡣҧһָ
𣿡
Щ˸۷Ź⣬ǿɲС˶ᶼôˣҪǾٰ˶Ļǳǿõ
յͷ԰ֻ
ֻôЩͬ
ֻ̾¬һ֮Գаʢ˶ᣬ֪ģ˶ģ϶ҪѧԺ˶ö࣬˵Ҫһٰ졣
ЩһöʢѽǮҲۿЩסһʲСĿ֧ѽ׬Ǯ
ǲ֪ȱǮһ򷢸ɵ촽ʵ
˵һʼҪ޽أҪǧҰɣ֮Ͳôˡ
ǧ᣿
ҧգգۣ㻹˵û뵽һ˶ҪôǮ
Щһ̼
ٺ٣飬Ǯǳ֪ʲôôû
̸Ǯ˶ֱӣȽرŪ
ŶλԸǮĻǺôȻ٣ٺõĵ涼ѡ
Ǯǳˡ
ջ䣬ЩˣİӦ
ǧǲ٣˶࣬ƽ̯ûжǮģǰպ˵ֹģĻһܻرġ
ջعͷȥ۳ҧǼˡ㶨
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Ǯɲѽ
ǧᰡ
ЩмԣҲһ˵͸ġ
Ǻվһ̸ˡ
ЩϼһʱԼȷʵӦˣǵһ淨Ѿʺϵµĳ
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ǣ
ЩЦ춼ϲ£ˡ
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ո˼䣬뿪ˣΪûпСֺСҰԭֵʹʹһٵġ
ڹ㳡һȦͻȻСֺСҰһСڣһһ飬ǼͶ롣

ܵͻȻЦЦգֵͷ
˹ȥԭã
硣
ˣ
̼ܵĳǵԱСţһӡ˵ţսܵ磬˾ռƵӣǺóˣҷŸСҰһ˾Ϳһӡ
СҰͷ
𣿡
ջͷһС꣬дҵӣ˾պʱСꡣ
Ŷ꿪ġܼܵ˵ĻشĿѾصȥˡ
Щ嶼ܵһЩطóƷۣǮΪʲô׬
ģ
ɣľҪġ
ܼܵ򵥵Ļش
յĲǵôⲻи¡
һµܵܣͻȻشô򵥣ջһЩӦͻȻʲôƵãˣС֣м¸һ¡
ʲô£
ûȤȥһרʳƷġ
ûС
㲻ҪôܾҺò

ܵƫͷһĿ˵ʲô
գգۣô˵ɣСּŵȥһ
ð̫ЦˣЦˣ
찡
ʵ̲סˣֱšСֵСǳҪҰɡ
ϣϣ磬㰡ۣۣܵͷš
һԵСҰǺЦ


1537 ʧ
ԭֵ˾۾۵ģϾڴ֮ǰҶæһЩûоˣһ֪ûˣҲһһ鿴һ齻ûô飬ǳԹ֮󣬾͹һ˻ȥˡ
С̷ˣ
С̷򣡡
ոոջص״ͼСӰ˹
ʲô
յͷһֻСޱסĴȣ곤һ֣һǴӺ汧סƨɣŵŸƨȥ
ιιι־Ǹʲô
һ±Ƶ
Ҫͯ
Сͬ
־ǿЩС̷ӳɺͳ
ֻµļùöӴ߳
ԭô˰նʱһ±ơ
С̷Ҫͯ
־ֱһƨںյĽűϣסյϥǣ˫ҡţ֡
ЦúúãѾˣɣС̷һ˸һ
־΢΢һЩʧϣ̾͵õ
ǶæǼСһﻹллС̷򡣡
ллС̷򡣡
СֿĵЦҲ̫ÿ顣
Цڿɿ˰ɡ
ٺ٣
Сɿվһԡ
գǶԲסҲǡ
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ͬҡ
˶֪⡶ͯйأ˼ګҸյĹϵҵ˾ҵϷˣϣܹõͯҲûиһ巢ڣ֪ҪȶãСļĺܣҲȲˡ
Ϸ֪˾ѩǸ˻ˣԼıŮ̫гϢˣдôܻӭʴˣϷ˲δӦЩݵǵţҲ۵ģϷ˿ǷǳһС
˼ګˣ֪ѩд飬Ϊѩ֣ʵҲˣнգЩǳʿڴǺηʥһЩˡ
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ѩͱ¶ԼʵǾнյĺ䶯ΪΪĸһһʮͷСŮдģڴп϶ļ͵ģҲܵô˵׷ڵģҶ֪Ǻηʥÿжһˡ
ԽԽȡ
ͯδۣѾǻòУͿҪըˡ
ѩƷյȻǾľһѻǵڶգһĹ򣬻ʮȻֻǸ𻭳ɫʲôģɷ¥ĻʦȥֽɣľȥŪҪʢһ㡣
ô۵ڣȻҪӺգԭǴ˻һƳҲûϵֵزҪԶԶʤ԰Ρ۵ʱ
ڳСԣǿһּ尾
ڳװƣǮҲװˣҪСͯСֵͯģǾͿš
ҲûдҾõȣչ󣬺ʹȥˣձҲϢ֮ͯʽѾûеˡ
ȴǷǳġ
һƽҲΪ׼ճһ׼ӭӡͯĵǰһգֱӹҪݡ
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ڿڴ£ͯķڵˡ
ֻһƽǰųĶ飬ȫһǣһ߼С
ʱһͬʱš
ֻһ߳һǰһЩǰĿ˿ֻˣǺĿȴֳޡ
ľ潫дǮǷǳģ޹һֻ׼һ
ⲻҪʲôӪȷʵֻӡˢǧ޷˵
Ϊ˲޳ɣҲ޳ɣڲЩˣԼˣԼĸܵܡ
ݣСӶʱ˷ܵĴյĻƽݣˢɲɫģǽ϶ҶǡͯĹڡ
һ磬ǧͯ㱻һա
Щû򵽵ĿˣҲ޿κΣ¥ȷʵòôֻܵȴڶ
ֻǻ𱬵ĿʼûпͯˣҲΪʲôͯô𣬴ҲԾľȥоͯĹ¡
¬ҩ̣
Ȿܹܵ˶˵׷ҲǺյĹͣĹµȷųڳ˵ϣп
Ϊ˼Ҫ˽ףŻгһڽҵԼˣʴ˸пûħˮЬ
¬ʦԵͷľͷʲôûоͷ󺣵Ǳסʲôˣȷ˼
֣Цǵˣ滹ĵʵЩҲѧʣԹµֳַСܹĸӿ̣ȷƵһϼ֮
ŰĴУԲһЦ
֣кֺιʷЦ
вʵһƪҹ˵ʲô
΢΢һüͷ
еŮĹ£ϲƪµСִʿ֮ôֻǶ㽣гһܹԼĻҹ
ԵͷСһγ˼룬ôǺѸıġ
üͷպ԰˵Ļ֪յ⣬ȴҲ޿κΡ
б±򰡣ٺһ㣬ȥգǣκﶼǺֹ֧ģһֱڴѹ壬˵ǻĵĺܡʿ޷ֹգôڳо͸ֹˣȨɲǹ塣
˵Ȿ᲻Ǻдã
֣ҡҡͷӦòǣ԰Ρǰͯıϸ壬ֲԵҹƴ˵󣬶ҿյд˴дþѧӦòǺдãҲҪô

ȥСô
ɵӣⲻǹ£ʲôС
ǵȥľͷ
⡪ûм󺣡
ǵô˵ûأߣʺĵҲʺ˵СֻǴ˵ģʺҲҵСһӣ˴񡣺ˣҲҪʺһݴȥѰСȻΪҴưմĹӣĻ°վҲûзˡ
ɵӡ

һԸӵĶԻȴ·ߺյ⣬һֱǸӵĶԻֱԸ뿪˱ջվԭس˼ţðΣݺݵģӦƳͯ£Ūʲôɫʧ߰


1538 Ű
Ҫ֪ѩڶںǵĹģҪдͯµ뷨Ǻյ⣬ֻվһ˵ĽǶȣȥ˼£áͯһڶ졣
ʴδ뵽Ч
ˣȱľһͯġ
񡶰ͯ·ΪҴһţһţıأһΪȱıء
ƾǺӵĻ˵ܹΪһλƷġײԣǷǳҪġ
ľϲͬʱҲǺʧߣԼûһ㣬뵽һ㣬ܹøõġ
ȻѾʧˣľѳۣôȥûҲ޼£ΨһܹģӦþȥء
Ǻ̸ϵϽѧԺδѧԺ˽ѩг
ףգôأ
ѩԺǰԵĺգԵЩ졣
ָǰȥǱ߰ɣҪ̸
ѩ淺ΣȻһпΡ
֪ѾͷˣٵҪҪ̸
֪ϿҲҪ
ѩһȣȴš
΢΢һЦǳʿ̽һơ
ѩǣ˫ֱǳǰȥ
ղݸȥ
ʲô£ѩʵ
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ѩһ죬㻹˵أ˭ôģҵõǡ
ղѵô
ѩȻðŪôʢгһգ֪дãһᱻȥģͲܵ͵һô
պ˭㣿
ѩЩ岮ѽҲ԰޲ڣ֪ңǶඪˣͻὫԹйô
գգۣѽֺǺЦģҺյӣһôţXţXһ㣬кηЩʱӦÿһ㣬Խ͵˼ҷԽͷϡ
ѩߺ죬ޣҿɲӡ
վʧǰɣͽ㵱ҵӣѵ㲻ôΪô
ҡ
ѩ΢΢죬ȴ֪οڣȻͽԼǺյŮˣκ˵ڣϾһ򵥵ʽûУּݺݶһ½ţˡ
ʲô㲻أպȻһץסؿڣʹѡ
ͣ
ѩһۣ컬ġˣʲôţX
ŶһţX˼ǷǳԴġգգۡ
ʲôõģѩƲһ죬ʡ˵Ҫ̸ôʲô£
Ŷģͯôû뷨Ƴڶյ

ѩԵüΪ죬ڲŸոտʼѽһŵд飬㵱ʲô˵ддô
Цģһġ
ѩĿźա
պٺٵǷ޺дһΣ
ѩǰһۣŶһˣ˵壬дһͯ¡
պٺЦǴ
ѩʵΪβԼдأ
յ˵д飬ӵһӵڶ
Ϲ˵ѩǳѵǻô
ԶԶԣġ
˵գͬʱЦ
ЦһѩΪʲôͻȻ뵽Ҫдͯ£
յ׬Ǯ
ô
ѩգ˫ۣЦЦĿ
պٺһЦ˵ֻͯ£ǹѧ˼롣
֪ûô򵥡ѩĺһô
յһǺдһνģϽ㿴Σ
ѩ򴽣һЩӡ
ǼãյǾô˰ɡ
ѩҵȿġ
ΪΣ
Ϊҵܹɹȫܹܵȿдã˵һи뷨
û⡣
շǳˬĴӦ
ʵպ翪ʼͲ̫ϲЩ£ûôྫȻԣҲһѽЩøģԼ룬ϾһǧĶ֮ҲǷǳ鷳ġ
ͯµʵ̫ˣںյƻĪİʴ˺ղŻô
֮ļգͯڳͣŵ˵⡶ͯǾϵǵ
˿ˡͯﶼ룬ԭȥ롣
ǲɹģΪؼǣֱӻӰ쵽һ
ո˵Ķû˯þ⻹֮ʰ
ͬʱԺǱҲʽˣݡݣݣǺϷͬʱҲи˼ʶԺ档Ϣ¥㽫ͯҲ̨
Ǳ߻йڳ˶ϢİռֱҪҸĻ˹ȥ
յһַ籩ԽԽʢǺĵҲδֹ
ź٣ҲʽѧԺѧӭһͻĿ飬ȻЩѧԴȫȻ֪ǻһķɧ
壬ڲǽʳ͵ǰôʲôֵý̵ġ
ɲôүүôೡսҲ͹ʳүүҲûѧ
ǣǣҾͲ˵үүˣǵĺԺҲѺôڵѺ֮ǰսûϹʳ͵ǰߣһ´󹦻˶ǳңСͶĿȾ˵Щǵĳɶ̹ǣǶܹˡ
ҵӵܣʵܲγˣڽϿΣѧòģǵеľѧԺѽǿʼ̨ϵ˼ѵԹ
˼ѵרǽЩѧһЩڵ֪ʶΪ˼ѵھоƹܺڵģҲǵһϿΣû̫ľ顣
ʴԴҵıԹҲ˵ʲôγ̾ôŵģҲ֪ŵѧܶ඼ǽҳܲ˵ԼһЩʵҲֻǴѧǵһЩ飬ҶѾ̵òˡ
˼ѵҲ֪Ǻʱ˵ôǵĸĸ֪ô
ҵתͷȥֻմ˽
Ժ
Ժˡ

ҵ˼գͬ˼ѪƵã˼ǳˣʵҲ֪ſγ̵ĲԺǺԺҺˣϧ¶档
˼ѵգﶼһ
壡
ûеĴǣǰ˼ѵеһ
˼ѵȭҲζӳ£ң뵱꣬⺫ղǼҵһſͶ̸ϵСӡ
ż꣬Ѿ࣬ҪϮ﹧ʵľλֻ
Щˡ
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˼ѵһǳعصˣȻ࣬͵һƽȵĹϵϣʴ˵ҲǷǳֵá۾̨µЩѧ
Цŵͷ˼ѵ˵һȥ̨ڳ
̨ǰҵǣҷһƺǵѧϰͦŵѽ
ʷ޵ѧɶã۲˵Ҫ˵ôôŵġ
ǲģմһҰŵĺڿγ̿ɻ갡
ʲôðꡣ
ӴԺǳҪǰɡ
Ժѧϰδ̵ģͱ⹦˷ںˡ
˵ˣٶѧһ죬ǶӶѽȥѺʳһ񣿡
ЩѧԱҪѧϰ꣬޲ʹ
Щһŵˣ
Ѻ٣Ŷѽ
ô
һѾʤһѺأ
һѺô´ࡣ
ԺǲŵĻԿǣֻٰʲôڵĿγˡҵǷǳ˵

Ŀ˸˼£ӣǲ֪ߵغʵæúܣĻͱȱ첲ˣУҾ͸Ǻúһ档ЦðɣȻôǿҵҪҾͿǰɣǷô


1539 ǳԲǴ
˼ҵ̲СƃѧϰɶǳŽԪ˧ȥģ⻢Ȯӣ˭뵱ʲôѺٰ
ɿˣϲѡ
Ժ㾡ʱǡҵŵ
ҲǴ
ȴǴ㵵ʲô
ҵ˵Ҫǵô
ѽ
յʲôԼզǣ
һѧԱɵˡ
ô
˭˵ԣʵģǺֺЦУ㶮Խ룬ſγαûУҲϣܹھǣҪʣʸ򰡣
ƃǲ֪Ժο
ȻȥѺʳѽʣ˵óڣԭѧôã͹ѧһ̸ֽı°
ֱۣ̾˷ѱ鰡
ҵʱһȡ
̲кȻӦϲѵѵҪô
ƃ˷ܵǼá
ҵüҲδû˵͢Ҫ̣ұ񶼲ڳ
һѧԱǷǳĿźա
Ļ࣬Ҷ֪ʲôˮƽһӣҲʳһ⣬ҴھΣǸôҷǸ𡣡
ҵҲõַǳ档
ǲ֪Ժʲô˼
ϰ
ϰ
յͷʵҸ˾ȵѧҵг֮ĩһѺʳϰ͵ſγ̵ıҵԡû뵽ѧϰô죬ô͸ˡһһЩǣϰҪٸϣͦ鷳ģŪһΣúķѲǾвУҪٻһꡣ

ƃ׶ԺôͲأ
ʷֱӵҵԸ״
ôţվȵ
ʳôʲôѵá
һѧԱԵ
ԵûЩԥҵ˺޲ýһ¸
úһüðɣҹҾһΡһʧˣҿĲǣϰҪǮѽһˣһûˣǶá
Ժͽĸŵɡ
У
յͷǶô˵ˣһʲô˵ģ⻹İ༶ϾϰöԱܶҲΪÿ༶ŪһϰҪôţҪţǾͱȫԺѧԱһϡ
ҵҲ˵༶ӦǾûϰ
ģҲҪּۻۣĵһҾ͸߹ǣǾѧԺǽŶӾģҳʲôӢ塣˵գҲǻᣬֵУȥᰲһ£һʦȥ༶ʣû⣬ȥ˾ǿᣬһ¡ǼϿΰɣȥš
ҵһתϾҪˣѧҲѧˣԸһ¡
ðɣ
һĨЦ⣬ǾԸ۰ɣ˵ţ˼ѵһơ
˼ѵЦŵͷ뺫һ˳ȥ
һ⣬ֻһͷվȵϡ
˭
˼ѵһͻȻһ̧Ȼתǰȥ
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˸Ժ칫ңһأһȺǲ֪ߵغѧô£ͶΪԼܹˣд
˵ţͻȻָźյգһһҪúýѵһȺӣ粻ȻսҲȥ
ɲǽҳǴһСһߵģ֪սĲпԣҲ֪ڵҪԣܶսΪڵĲսʧܡΪϵɶƴģҵ˵ôɣЩϽǳһˣȻ˽յĳɾ͡
˵ҵЩЩͳ˧ı飬о˲ֵǮ
ЦҾ˾ӡ
ģһ첲ϷҲ۵ģ״Ƕʲô״ɴҲȵˣھͽȥİ༶

հڰ֣˾գѧԺкüˣвٶǳңǿܻȽϽһЩ֮԰ŵȥѯ༶Ҫҵһʱ䣬ȥ༶ĻͲֲͬˡûв´Ļһϰˣȥİ༶
ǻȻ򣬷ǳĿۺգС߯Ҳϸһɡ
˼ѵսӴıȽ٣Դ˻һ㻳ɵġ
ǽһȥóϷ
һ㶼ûдʱ֣ҵڵǸ༶ѧԱʼԱȥ༶ƣ˵ʲôƲǣΪһѺٶ޷ʤΣʲôˣǸֺơ
ѧԺջΪͬʹҪϵȻһϣҲǺѺơ
ȵʱ֣հʦȥ༶ѯʴҵ˼ʱȫƱͨ
ôϰƻȷ
ڵ˽ƃ٩ʷȽ˹
ϰ
ƃһپǳȣѺϰ
ЦƼƻЩѧԱݴӸط͵
٩̵УݽɸصĹٸţɲʮܣڻǿɶй涨ģ׵ܹһ·ϳ˲˭еص϶Ӧģ
ͷûϰͷϰʵǲʲôѺϰȫûУʴ˴Ҷһͷˮ
ƃҲǰ֮£ʦڣܹϣǳдҲӦ͢ôԸΪһѧԺʦڣвͨġ
ЦȻϰǵȻȫģֻǲЩѧԱѣҪʳһЩȿ棬ҲҪŪǧʳǮ϶ǺķһģôҲǽս淸
˵ĲܹЩѧԱǮͻֵλ뵣ģ͢ǱߣϷġ
С棬ԵЩţСԣ帮ڲڴӶĻڸɵ£ͳͳͣ
ʵһۣʵôҲ濼ǿǡ
ƃǼԸ棬Ȼûʲô˵ġ
٩ֺôúõģͻȻҪϰ
һֱǺոǲԵɡ
ŶһģϰʵһԶѡͰŵĺõģֻԭĩǣѧԱΪѾڻͨԱҵϣܹĹȥѧϰδ̡ƃʷޡҵǣϾ⻢ȮӰСͶĿȾҲܹɿԣǵȻԶ໨ʱȥѧϰ̡ϾҲ̫·£γ̰ſһЩĵط
ƃùһЦ⻰ûʵҶǿγ̰ţһֱֻ˼ӣû˵ӦѧϰϾǵĶҲȥһѺٰ
ǿɶսķǶڶӵڴȻʲôѺ٣ҲǸ⣬ǲпοϣʲôѧʷ붼ûȤǵĶӻȥ֮ҲǱԹ
֪Щһﶼܻӣʴ˲ԻǣûнʵͼǣͷЦǣ˵ǣҲûа취ҶУǱⲻ˵ģֻҪʱˡ
¶ɫ룬ЩһﻹǼǳԲǴʲôʱձô˵ˡ
ҲǺûѧԺڴҶǺյڻʼѵӪξ޼ǸĶԼˡ


1540 
λþò
̨ϣ΢ЦĳŲٳվŵѧԱֵڽһУΪѧԺӹɣһֱǳĸλѧҵҪţһʵΪѧԺҵע⣬ұκ˶ϣܹɹ
յĹ۲죬ҷǳοǵѧϰǳ죬ǵˣڿγ̰ϵһЩʧŴҲָ֪ʲôǺһŹΣҺ˶ǽҳСͶĿȾʴ˻Ϊ׼ĺڿγ̣ԴˣҸеǳñǸ
Ҳλ֤д󲿷˶ͨһصĿԣôһγ̣ľ¿γ̡
ҵ÷ǳ⣬СǺҲء
ֵҪ˵þôˣɢ̻֮ؼ׼һ£ǽһյĹ֮ǰѧԺҽǲûʲô⣬Ǿͽɢɡ
ҵǶԣʱӦҪ¶߱Ƹ񣬲Ҫȥʲô⣬ǶֻţСԣʲôʵģʲôֵʵģ뻮һվһ
ɢ
ЦŵͷȴȺСӣǴӣǶǧԣϲִ
ѧԱɵȥûһ˿ż
զͽɢأ
մ̨֮ƃһ
ǰҪǫ̨̂˵ûûˣȴ÷ǳ㣬򵥵˵ˡ
նһ£Ҳ䣬վǺġ
Ҳɣ
ػǲ֪ϰŪ
ںյķͦصģϾǼʶҫǽġ
պֻǽϰĿĺԭǣǾϸڲû˵
ֻǿա
ЦҲλ˵ߣȥԺ칫˵
һԺ칫ҡ
Ժ칫ңƃжһȲ֮󣬺ղվӹİóһŷǣǵ񡣡
ƃ˹һʷ䡢٩ͬƵҲƫͷȥ
һɵˣд÷ǳ򵥣ѧԱȥĳĳأʳڹ涨ʱڣ˻ص
͡ô򵥣
ػ·𲻸š
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յͷѺݣѵǽʳĳĳô˾ô˵ġ
ˣ߯Ҳ˰ɡƃ̫һ㡣
ػûĿƃ㻹Ӽ򵥣ҪǺ涯һ㻵˼ͼˡ
ЦǾˣǵϰʵǣŪ飬ѶȣǷѧԱǴȥǽķչ֮⣬ǻ԰༶ΪλǣеǴͬС죬Ҳǵص㲻ͬѣĶࡣĸλһܲıҲαװǰߵĴӪǵϢԼǷָžˡ
һ仰ܹ˵׵ϰжิӡ
ƃǶԼĶռ˴ˣһֳ⽫֮ԽУֿ
Եͷ˵úеѺʳô£ϰҲӦô
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ڴдȵ½ԭΪֻѵӪҵῼһ˾ϲһ仰¡
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պٺٵ˾ĪǣҵⷽǾḻһħ硣
ǰ䣬ʱ׹γָ߾ǳ䵱Ѻ٣νǾḻ䣬ֺʲôħ磿
ûʲôûʲôεҡҡͷ룬˵ôСҲü
ûͣΪ˵ϷǰϷе񣬺մõһЩϢϷİţȥһϰǱģҲǧõļǽ˼ҵĶȡ޵£ԼϣȱڣǧԶֻѧϵĶѧģȻûǧȥŵȫš
ҲٶʲôΪ֪ҵ̫ˣҪǵⷽ棬չֳױȵ츳ʴԾͶȥţǺһ汣죬㲻£ƾͶˡ
ϡ
ظ
֪ϰϸô
һػʵ
ػԼĶӣʵô
ڨڨҡҡͷ
ػĶӵļ򣬡뵱үү̫ʥս˰ദ¹ȫǺεȵӢ£ĪҪؼҵ
ǣ֪ˡ
μϵһɣܲףʱҲ


ƃƃֵãĸ
ƃʰأ
ǵģ
ʵҲûɶʰġƃ̾˿СôͻȻתˣô򵥵񡣡
ƃһ˻
ƃߵˣǺڴһ֪Ժø񶼲ᣬҪǻңܵġ
ôô̶ӡһԵ䬹ڿȥˣĿ˷һۡ
ƃʱˣæ˵˵
䬹һۣӵҪסѧϰأǶŬȥɣвɵġ
ǣ֪ˡ
ƃƃ̹ԵֻӣƃһˣһȾƣ뺦¶²䬹ǿǴƹ֪£ң䬹˵㣬Ҳǳĸףƃ

硣
ѧԱ׼ʱѧԺ
ƺøϹֱɷÿһȡŷ⡣
ȵŷɷ֮󣬺ղŵǶһµĹʳ˻س΢һʱĹĻӦ֪һ֮󣬸պǶʮţǲ׼ʱϵĻǾֻڻɽҰй꣬ǽԼһļ˷һϰСȻϣǶܹ׼ʱ꣬ҪŪһϰҪķѲٵףǺˣûĻǾͽɢɡ
ˣȫƺյ簡
˻һֹûţѵè塣
ʴˣһɢΧһ𣬲ŷ⿴
һǳһϾԳΪĻһԲ㹻һ¸ϻ
ô򵥵񣬴һЩţŷң©ʲôȷϣô򵥡
ƃػҲĵѧԱм䣬еţ쿴һҲ˿ΪֻһţϾǰƵģҲºջƭǣ֤ղδƭǡ
Ȼһжտ΢΢¶һĨа΢Ц


1541 ƽ
ν񣬼ִУЩѧԱҲûʲôҪ׼ģΪǵҲֻȥָط׼õݸ˻سһ¾ܹ۷ҲûжԶ
ǾѧԺ˰ʵǶۣ໥Լս˭һȻȻձˡ
ƃǣȻǸظңҸˣͰһʦܲıֵࡣϰƃУ൱Ȥġ
ҲϺ֮⣬ǶڵĻǺҲó⹦򰡣һжԤ֮С


Ǻǣ⡶ͯ׷ҲûɵģȷЩȤζ帮һոµİͯϣ΢΢Ц
һԵԪˣ˶̸ۡͯʹԺɫ̸١
帮»ʺѾ֪ΪòˣڰǣֲҪŪһͷֻҪְŵλǱˡЩڵȺĽʿѾŵĲˣһǱ׼ô
ΪԪѾΪˣûһְٰʴ帮ͰȥЩ򽻵Ͼݺʡңʲô˶εģǴĽʿҲˣʿҲһЩӵܣЩͳͳǲڵģ帮ֻκźѾǵĹ壬ͺñлϡϡ
ͬҲˣЩģҪܹΪá
Ԫ΢΢üˣôͽЩȴĽʿˣѾһЩԱĲ⻹ãϾԷǿȡ˽ʿһЩӦ볯Ϊ٣ֻΪЩʿ塢󳼵ĺְռȥˣʴôҲѭģǷԵˣЩ顣ŸոհЩʿˣּɫǲ̫һ㣬ֻ»ǳĹԱķԣǲӦõȹֿ֮ǡ
帮üͷҲףǻʺָʾ
ԪƵɻʺΪʲôôż±Ͳܼһʱģ
帮Ҳ˸ɻ󣬳Ƭ̣ʺôȻ⣬ҿ׵ģֻˡ
óϷҲĵĹɴ˿Կ뺫յĲͬ뿪ת帮뿪Ǿͱɡ
Ԫڨڨһͷ
ԽԽˣ˽Щȥ£˳ĵţһὫȳġ
帮ǱͯԱ߶Ŵޱͷ档
ԪͷС֪ˡ
ȻǵôҲïһߵģҲԲ˶ٿ࣬ؼܵСĥ
ַ糱ɹת˴ҵעҪ˵ǰ帮ҲãϾɫ𺦹׼棬ݼգ̸£һǷֳɵģһַ糱ʵںģھҪֹʿµö
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ĳҵȻչûȫһ䣬ǱɾͶˡڵĳȫľģҪʱģõطңν֮ҡ
ǣȻӰ쵽棬ôȻЩ˻ǱȽϹע£ǹ¤š
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ٷǳļĳų޼ɵʹ帮ģҲǼŷģΪԴС
ܱ߻ŸСŴᡢ͵һЩǸɳԱ
ΡﶼڳǵҲҪĶࡣ
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Եͷֳ֮ǱҪ취·ͻ
١һۣ룬گǱ׼ģƵÿ
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еǶûԤ֮£帮ȴԿֻ¶ռƣ͵ܳ׺ǶδֻԸǺ
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⵹ǿԡ޼ɵͷ½ֻǰŽʿˣ˺þǷԵģǻõȵ帮ʼɫܹô
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¥
ǰŸյǺž͸˹նһ裬ȴźȣĿǮ󷽵ȴ̵ɨΪг°ɣ
Ǯ󷽵С磬ԴԺʽ֮ʿԽԽ࣬ܶ˶ϣгܹţһǶҪسڣ껰֮󣬾Ϳг棬гڳڣֲҪġ
ʵ˵ǵĵ涼ѾŪأ
ŪˣֻҪͷˣվܹšļż
ЦΪҵС棬˵žܹţûг䲻ҹҹͬʱҲŰȫѵûпǹô


1542 Ǳ
ȫ
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Ц㰲ŵҲֹֻܷЩֹ֮ңЩ£㰲ŵָȥô
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ɫȱæŸˣǻʼʹ٣гҲзݣгҲ˽˵ģǹҵģʼҾְвϻҪȥѲߡ
Ǯ󷽱źְȨ֮㣬һЩʼҾȥгǱѲߣʵϵǰ㡣
һ˶źա
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յǮʼѵӪ񰲾֣ǮʼѵӪԴʹĻʼҾ֣ôͻ㹻ѲߣǮ񰲾֣ӽ𣬻ʼҾŻĸԸ⺮֮ҹѲߡ
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յǮҪҪ׬ǮϼʮǮ˵ţĿһɨҪһ㣬ȥԽ࣬ԽǿرԽֵǮȫ⣬ֱӰ쵽гܷȡóɹǮþֵ
Բͷ飬˼ɣ˵զզ졣
ԥƬ̺Ҳ׷׵ͷʾӦ
ΪҪǺģʼҾ컹ǵðճ͢ƶȥ£ûĻǵȻҪǮ͢ƶȻάƶȣղſһءֻմ˸򣬰ᵽȥͿҹҹǻʼҾûȥгҹ
ôҪΪûнʲô˰ҪԽԽ࣬ô˾ͱøŹƽҵУҲǹƽҪлرϷ򡣺Цáˣһȥ񰲾Ǳ̸ǴӦ˼ҲһӦ
ף飬ôûƼݶӣĪǲݶס
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ֻ˽˵Ѿܹܼģûţ˼Ҳ֪Լûɶ£нգȫƾźնΣʴ˺һֻҪڣš
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ϣ飬ֱּվŮӺϣҲֻݶӣֲɶңݶӵ˿ǲ٣֮顣
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յǶԷֻǳһݡӺϡݶҲӦĻǿģܹ֣˾ҲԼļʶԼѧʣڲݶҲǷǳģһЩ˾ͱþܾβҪļɣⷽ棬˴ŮҪƵڶû˸ҳƵһ
ǵҵôͲЩ˽Ӵ
Ц԰ѵһЩⷽ˲ţҲԼ棬ԼŰУ֮ϣܹ棬һ齫¥ãʵû̫ʱȥչ˲ݶǣҲϣݶҪվ±ϣܰһСֻһݹ뻧ûʲô𡣡
ǳƬ̣Ȼһ棬ðɣҾȴ𡣡
㻹ռұˡһס


1543 ë
ǳң
ϢʱԵһЩ㵡
յͷСĵĪǾһЩף
⡪ü˼ȶһѾƽϢⲢܲ޼ҵ˶Ѿ£ϾҵĵճӣҶԣ˺˲ܸܵģѾҪ˵һҲǺǣǲܵģǳĻֻ»ۣҪҪٿһ¡
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ЦǲҪֱӳ棬ǿĻţѡһЩһŮˣǸǣרŰݶӦЩˡ
˵һ̾㣬һҪö࣬ҲӦ֪ǣҲǲȫܾģٴĸ̣Ҳøͻ棬άϵϵݶҲˣҲҪһЩ˽ŹģԽԽ󣬹⿿һˣҲӦǱҪⷽ˲š
ԵͷΪһˣܵҪӦģһеĹأ˭˼ҲҪʵģ˵ҲеðɣͰ˵ð졣
ʱɣľͻȻ˽̫ˡ
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һãҲȥ˵ţվһȥɡ
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ռ˵Ļش޹ء
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ҪСԸȥȻòϧСӶԴûȤεҡҡͷ
ɣľЦ⵹ҲǣҲСֱԹ˵ԽԽԽԽæûпոСҰȥˡ
Ц֤ҶˡȻϣ̸ɡ
ɣľͷͻȻǡ֪ȥȥϿɲһ
üͷ˻
ɣľɽʿɽ̾ѾãǴ۸ӣٹ̣䣬ǸһӦԪ̫ԭҲ̫ԭϸ˳ô̫ԭɽӰɾͻޡ¬֣ҡжԹȥĻܻܴ谭
սüͷѽҲ㻹һ㡣
ɽ뽭ǲһģʿڶ֮Һ󣬾Ѿ˥΢лһɢܶʿһ鵹Ͼûмʿ壬Ψʣϣ֮ԼͦҲΪ峯ʱ͸¤쾵۵Ļʺ󲻾ǳôкפʴ˲ŻԽԽ⣬ڳеҲͱڽϵ
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ֻյľüƻһֱߣƺԱ漰ǳ٣ʴҲû̫עɽԪҵҪҲ޼գԪĵԾͽ˶ȥϣһóפڣó׻ǿߵģֻóף㲻Ҫڵչ˼ҿ϶Ӧ
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ɣľҲɵʳƷӹôȻΪ˰գ𰸺֮֮£ʣô˵ôΪҲ֪ȨؼģǮֻΡ

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ⲻ֪ǧѧһΣΪŴһŷǳýӽĿֶΣҲ椱رֶΡȻԼԴ˵ǲ̫ȤǱȽԵģܴţУ;ΪѵԼУʱиУ֪˶ٳSHOWҪȥЩݳƷӦƸһ߼ԱǷǳɵġ
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˸ڸˣȫ̬ȣΪǮӦȥЩˣ׼Ǿʵ˼άΪ˱ȸ˸ҪʣⲻҲһֹϵô
յҲ˵һ䣬㣬㻹׬ˣʡһʿðɣþͰȥ񰲾ֻɵǮﹺë¡ȵŪңҺȥ¸һ³̶ǡ
֣һ㶣ʲô¸ó̶ڲ֮ô
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֣˷ܵ޻ɻһöʸȻ˿࣬ǲȴԶ˿࣬ʴ˼ǮˣڰնԣǴһ


1544 ƽĽ
һ߽ţһϽ·
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Ƿǳ֣С˼ά㺫ı䣬Ҳ޷ı䣬˼֣еΪʲôΪҪôΪͲΪǷǳڼģĳԴԱ޼Ȼ·ģ·ƣǲỻµģȻѾǳǮ
ҺҲǷǳֵ֧ģһǷԣڹжǮڰյԼˮƽ
صңպһȲ裬ѵһò谡
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ֵŶм£ҵ
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ģҴȥɽһʳƷӹ

֣еķӦɣľķӦһģһ
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֣еԣ̫ƽ˰ɣҲΪԼ
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̴ͻȻգǴŪģôҵҲŪһ
Ц֮ë£ʱ۵ģ㲻üϴŵĴ£ǾرȾɫģ֮רΪʼҾƵģǿɻпۣǿƤġ
Τ۵˵ʼҾȫִ£
յͷ
ӵҵ޳ɣǻʼҾҪѲߣ캮ضģܹܺõİǻʼҾֻǣµļǮӦò˰ɡ
ָһţһë¾͵Ǯ
Τüͷһ壬Ҳ̫һɡ
̴ֵô˼ҺտԻ飬ȻôǮǾòǵġ
ΤҲǣЦǺǵǿɵöл顣

һ̴̧ܾ˾߯ҲˣʼҾ충ִ£ôܲۺ𣿳ҰôԱôǮ
̴գգۣ˼ǣԼǮС𣬿ʼҾǿָǵٺ»ҺڵģôĴ˭Ը򰡡
ЦԸǮ񰲾֡
˭
ͬ
ҪǾǮˣҲ߲֣˭ԸǮѽ
ˡ
ĸˣ
ܶˡ
̴ԽԽͿˣһ±ƵĿźա
ӵҲ˵¿ûа׳ԵͣԸǮǣֻҲĿĵİɡ
յͷҲ֪ϽгǿڼгбУȫ˽˵ģмطӣ־ףҪʼҾıҳǽǲģʴˣԸǮ񰲾ֻ֣񰲾ܹרΪгŻʼҾѲߡ
üǹӦΪ룬һϹأʼҾȻ͢׼ڵؽгôΪ񰲾־Ӧְάгİ
̴ɲô˵ǰûгʱǲҪŶȥ⣬񲻵Ҫųȥ⣬ҹðȥֵ࣬ǳ͢ӾѣĻڵľѸûά֡
յͷܾ˾˵òʵгڹҶԣҪ˵ж洦Ҳ̸ϣֻǹغһЩ˵档Ϊ飬˵ΪӾѣǾԲӦģǮӵ棬Ҳùг
ǣ糤㷽ԣгѾڣ񰲾ҲӦȥάгİϾгڵڳΧڣҪǳ£񰲾ֻȥܡΨ˾Ǯܹеͨ˵⣬ʵֻҪĿԸģûʲô⡣
ܹ⣬ΪҵĹϵøƽһЩӶһЩȺְ֮Ȩ֮㣬÷ǷĺôΪѾǮ񰲾֣ô񰲾ӦΪṩЩȺ֮Ҫı˼ҲӦ
˼ĵΪ˵úܶԣܹʡĿ֧
ΤҲͷǱԺҲܹܾΪʲô񰲾ֲܡ
̴һֵôŰɡ
ӵûȻ˻ôôʱһ˵񰲾ָǿһְȨȥв˽ɾ񰲾ֿ֮ʱǿԴȥĺɲô˵ģ񰲾ֵľҲǱ۵ġ
ЦҲԺһʾñ˵£гǮ֮һ۳۸񰲾֣һļ۸Ƕ񰲾ֵľ֮ҲϣʼҾҲܹģʼҾʱȥ̸ա⣬лʼѵӪ͢ڻʼѵӪͶǲСģȻѾշƣǳ͢ǻģ˾ʼѵӪҲֻϣܹѵĻʼҾ죬άҵȶǺģҲѾ˾ˣҾһ
ԵͷǾʵĻǵǿС
̴ȴգ㷽˵ÿģ԰۳۸ǵģ
յͷ
̴գգۣȥĻǲҲ㣿
Цȥ̸֣ͬʱ㻹óе֣и浽ʷ̨ȥķգɲϳ̼ҡ



1545 Ը
Ȼ񰲾ѾͷǾϸڣղδۣԭܼ򵥣ΪҲ֪񰲾־ΪҪΪгͶȻǶԵȵĽףǻ¸ôȻüջ׷ԵģΪһй򶼻δʱõĹ򣬻ù۲һ£񰲾Ϊ˵Ͷ٣پгʸ񰲾֡
ô񰲾̸֮гѾ׼׶ΣձҲ⹫гŵڡ
ձгĿա
峿վͿ̫ǿ϶¶棬үȫгӡ
أַǷδֹһַ糱һ磬ͼٹӸֵϡ
ϽгţҪҪȥ
ȥȥ˼ٶݣƱˣ׼
Ҳȥ罫԰εأһֻĿһ磬гʲôʱ򶼿ȥġ
ҵȥȥ
ؿʧˣѡ쿪ţгԶһҲס

ǵ˼룬һгԣġ˶֪ŵһշǳҪǷҵҪûǰɾͲˡ

һг
ֻ˶ӵгΣôһˣ˾ȫˣɼг嵽ʲôزˣûпˡ
ǸӾǣĻǿˣгϴ󡪡ա
ȻǺգô֮ôһϣ
Щ˼׼ǰʱּһλòٸǺյķˣ¡һɫĶ񣬸ģԵöׯ󷽣üʤѩղһĨΣǽ޶ˡ
ݵʱ򣬺ղʮ꣬ǳվһ飬Щ̫ǶԣĺѾΪ񣬲ӵжصʣվһκ˶ΪвŮò
ҲڣЩ˶һЩɣòȥأ
⡪ô壿
һ£ֵϳˣǾƱһ˵ӰӶţԵЩȣӦòҷгɣ
ǰʲô£Ǻģδ塣
ȴЦΪ׼ġ塯

һĿźա
Ц㷽ŲңΪʲôҽô
ľګĵͷ
ͻȻȡԼƤףܷܷ֣㲻һֱϣֵܹ֣ôգҾҪԸ
ߺ죬־ϲȴҺʱô˵˵ģҳϣ㲻÷һ۾Գۣ˵˭ǣ˭֣
ˣȴסյ֡
շŰ۵úúãҼǴˣǣ֣˰ɡ
ʵˡ
ߵ
ЦЦۣ֣гȥһţһ߸½г˵ЦŶȫ˵ĸܡ
Щ˶ɵˣΪгϴûƼڶеõô
Ǻմǰйһ۵鶼ûУ˵ǴкˣҲǰȥڨֻóƵĿעǷ޴ǰ߹
޶߹յĴСмĴ㳡
ۡ
ȻֻǿյĹ㳡δ㳡£ǲһ̾
һЦ䲻䣿
Ŵֱҡͷʮ߰꣬Ů
ȻֻǶ̶̵ĽֵȴޱȣţܹӭȢţܹǣ֣ڴϣȷһԸΪܣҪõΪʲôʿͨ飬ΪԼ֤ҲΪǴ޴֤
ϧΪݵĻ񣬼ȻǺɽֵģôýȢٰһΣǾǶںɽĲأ廹ǷǳǵģҲϣһ£Ըֻա
ǽգڳ뺫ǣڴϵĸо
ʱĸоȴĳԣͬģҪսףҪ֤Լ浽һ̣һĶֻ֮УϾȥЩ顣
Ϊôһ˵ȴһֱţҸʵһһ־ϲ
۲ۣ
ǰʯΣҪҪһ
˼Ƭ̣ͷ
޶ʯǰ£շǳȻĽ§ڻҲںյĻȻ䣬ĺ紺Է
޾;ڣ·֮䣬ֻʣǶˡ
С˼飬ˡ
ȻһС϶ѵõܰ

һʶñѺյĻǺȴ뿪С϶϶Σ
϶ڨڨһЦ黹С϶ĵһλˡ
ùһЦǱԵ֣УǷ򸾾ĵһλˣĹõɡ
ǣ
϶뿪ˡ
һ±ƵĿźգʲôˣ
Ц֪ˡ
Ƭֻ̣϶һһЩ˹
ףⲻ㻭רõĻô
һŵĻܣ⾪ȵ
ЦŵͷС϶ԭǷ¥һʦһֱоҶĻ͵ʦгɣʴ˴Լ
ⲻǱô
ߴߣˮʹ˵ǵԼҲѾˣ̸ϱѡЦҡҡͷ
䣬϶ͻȻ˵飬ˣСѾ׼ˡ
ЦǾͿʼɡ˵ֱּ˼½§ڻ
ԸԸ浽һ̣»ûкշŵÿڽ§ŮˣǼҳ㷹ࣶûѽ»ǺɬϾվˣˣʱ϶ʻʱ׹
ڰκĻʱ¾ĽҲûа취ʱֻкջửҲССһԸǻģ¶һĨ۵΢Ц

š
»϶ȥһ˻һΣ
⵱Ȼԡ
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飬ˡ
𣿡
աһۣԵЩȣΪ̫һ㣬ʵѾá
˼æǰ档
϶æС׾ʣòǺܺã
Ǻշƺû˵ֻǴĿһԺĿȷʵдߵģǻֵգؼ϶֮Ҹġ۵ָо˳ԡһͻȻһ϶ļ򣬵ҷǳϲҰá
϶ϲȻӿʼæŽȡ£ȸٰ֮ﺫվá
սӹݸ£½ӹڻССһϸڣҲܹǳϲһ
óһǮȯڻϣЦ¡
϶ӼգϲյлʵһҪһǮ
ЦŵͷȻ§ϱߵĽֵȥ
治ȥ˵ô
ĿͻȻֿվŵȺˡ
ֻ̾ӹŰˣҪȥǣҶġ
ĵİһۣ㻹ȥ˵ϼɣҿǶˡ
ļٵģתͷһƣЩ˶ʱǰ㣬Цһҹȥ˵ɣһȥô
ҡҡͷ
ȻᣬҺܿġ
š
Щˡ
С硣
ǮǼĿҪˣкʱƤӶڶ¡
յʲôʱ
ʱϾҪ緹ˡ
ʱûпǾҰɣʧˡŶңҿûǷǮ
˵꣬תȥ
һ±Ƶˡ
ɺռȻô˵ˣҲֻܵȥ

Ժ
ֻһ΢΢ۣӴԺһ
̫ˣ
ѽ벻ٵĶ࣬һ
˵˼

ףôͣô
ۣþ°
ߣȥơ
ֻڴԺϱߣͣһǰƥߴĿŶҲǸ߹ϵΣǵȥŶˣҶһԾͲ˽ҳ
ιǸɶģ
ŶǹרŸ𽫴ԺȥгģԼгĿԺ



1546 ߶˴ϵ

޷⡣
޷⣡
һӵܶ±ƣѯ
޾ϸ򶼻شطǳȻǾѵġ
ңԽԽΧܣлʿ򣬴ԹһѯʣһϸĴ
ֳûֳģҶǳ棬ıȻʼҵҪࡣ
ʱֻһС
˼ӣ
˼
Ƿűݵ˼
ЩӸ̶غ
˼΢ЦӯӯһȻ󡪡Ȼ
ǳ̼ʻ
ЩӸһֱע뿪ֱԶԶǲͻȻӦ
˼ȥ
ǵֻгһϳ˼
ˣ
ЩӸ͸˼ѪƵãҪϳ
ǳæλӣǵһֻĸˣңÿ˵֧Ǯ

䣬һŵĴȯ˳
תۼ䣬һʻ˴Ժ
ͬ԰ء

Ż̹
ѽһҲ
һǳⴰԴ򿪹̶סû뵽ܱߵķ羰ԭôǰǻߡ
ǰɲģȥϵɽԣʱƧĺܣһ·ûУг֮󣬲űġ
ĸӸڣͬñƵãĴţʲô÷ǳ档
˭˵ģ
عӵĻгרõ˭ģҲ̫
֪˭ôǰδ
ӣϷҲǰòŵһؼģ񡪡ŶԺġ
Ժ
Ժ˲ѽܷһЩö
⳵˵Ǻս̵ģǲ٣ֳȷʵԺŪģյĹϵ󣬵ǶԺԣֻϾ֮ûлʲôΪогʱ򣬴Ҿ˺ܶ๦ԺҪʱܿ͸ŪˣԺԳľӣˮǳ֣Ƕתġ
ֻǽʱղʽࡣ
һӸȻʵ⳵Ǻóþ·խһ㣬ôҪǶˣǶ಻ѽ
ǳ̴뿴ߡ
ĸӸ̴յߵĴ£ʵҲûʲôɿģǲԶһһĵ·мһЩľǳһֻȥгǻشԺģǲġ
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ĸӸȻ
ڹŴ··Ǻ޵ãֿĴ·һһСɽ𣬾Ϳܾͽ·ĳɱһгĿׯ϶ͻġԶԣС·ͱȽףյƵʱ򣬾ǽ·طֿƳʵѾˣžһŽһųǷֹͨ谭һַǳĽͨ
ұߴּæյұߵĴǰԶԶȥֻһƥƥ˵Ĵߴ£ʮĵ·ϱš
ұߵ϶һЩʲôˣ
ŶӦҲһЩ˰ɣһٵרŹߵģ߱ÿӱޡ߾е
ߡ١
ϣ֪ˣҽˡ
Ǵձ˵
䣬ϵ壬µգᰮǿڳ࣬һ£ǲ׼ģһٵ˶ԣ̫ˣһλԸеŮڳ֣λӸò͡

ϣʱ쵽ˣôôһˡ
ѽС粻˵ʱǰ˾ͻᵽô
Сûô˵ֻ˵Ҫʱ˻ûĻȥ
ҪҪȥҺС磿
ʱ˵ɡ
Щ˼ʱֻСèֻг棬ϿԺԣļѽ
뵱￪ʱ붼ᰡ
˵
ˣˣ
ǮͻȻָڵĵ·غ
˵ʱתĿȥֻһĳĳӻʻβ
ǱߣǱߡ
תͷ򶫱ߵڣֻһӸǣһ߼䳩ţһǱȥ
⡪⡪
Щ˸Ǵľⱱ￪ʱҲһһ
ֻ˵ʵ̫̼ˣ
ʹ죡ʹ죡ٵ԰
ѽֵܼû㳩ˡ
ǿ쿴ǱߵҷѯʹרڴԺгģ粻ҪȥԺôҪÿҲǮǲ󡣡
ţ⵹ǿԣŻǸ߹󰡣
ЩȻ˵ɣһطԷҶˡ

֣Цʲô
⻹Ҫô㿴ﵽǳԵġ
˾ĿȥǾݣõꡢ磬ŵ굹ǲ࣬ϵرʳУ˹궼Уǿҵĺôϵر˶ߣ޵ͻ
ӭʹǵĶв棬ǹֱС
ѰһҾձƱӭڣһӱϣ滹ůͰ
ľ¥лǽ
ǽǿǽʱˣ򵥵˵ǽпգ¯ȿԭ¯ǽпղ㣬ǽֵԽϵͣǽڷ
ϰյȻ治ֻǽһ㸻˼ҲС
гǲȡƣҴú̿
ôĿĺܼ򵥣Ϊ˴̼úҵΪ߾ṩɣ֪ǿƶ֮أҪɶûɶú̿࣬ǳãȻԭҲУԭԼģʱȲ
Ǿ¥ǲûڷӣֿ͸ǳ
ô߶˵ķǮȳ٣ԭǵؼ۱ˣ˵ˣΪԼҵĵأҲҪʲôǮĹҲ٣Ҳ˵￪꣬ɱˣʴ˼۸񲢲Ǻܹ󣬵ȻһջѲġ
ˣǶǮˣȫ׬ǮģгΪϺһַ籩ĿǰܹܵˣǶǸˣв׼Ŀǰǳ죬ͺñȷ¥ЩͷѾǳ׼ǮҲһΪг죬û֪ǲֻ̫࣬гݲ¡
ʱյгѾַǷݶˡ
Ȼȥźա
ȻҲûñǴŵ׼ʱ˿̣һľڣζͣ罺ᣬֻԧ첻ɡ
ǱԼһҪһЩ
һžµ°ͣһ㡣
ЦһͥԺҵģҲԶΪţʱС
ô¾ȵõ궼ô
ҡҡͷض붼ҵģõ겢ǣжõ궼ǹмš
һתʵˡΪʲôûдԪĵͷѩ
ЦΪ㹲һҲҵԸ
ƭˣºһ㵹Ǹô
հѽһֱ㿴ˡ
ĿЦ
ɫ׿Щز̸ѡĻһǻѡ㣬ΪΨһһͬʹŮˣҲֻЩ£ܹһձø塣
Уһ£ɫݣۿ΢΢Щʪ󣬡Ҳܹƭң֪ƭҵģҲͦĵġ
ЦЦȻƭµģôΪģԪĵָоģΪԪĵǸǳǵˣܸоҲֻѣǲȫᵽôľܹ׺ΪʲôҪôѩȻҲͬ¡Ժǧڲֻ֣Ὣʵ˴ʵĳС
һ̵Ϊġ
Ȼľ˿˿֮
ʶƫͷǱ߿ȥֵͦġ
ЦҪǳȥߡ
Щô֡
赭дһЩӵܣǲŲںЩԣܱ֤Ҳɧš
Ϊʲ
⻰ճڣͻȻ׹ŭĿ򣬡գ˻⣿Ҫ


1547 
һ˺ա
˭ˣȥˣҵȳȥһһСһһȥתת
ߣ
һû㻹ء
Һܿͻ
յѾǴ⴫
Լõ꣬չһСһҷǳɵõ̱꣬Ƿǳۣһ֪ǹмµģҲͽõꡣõǾǾ¥絽ҹṩõʱַǷѽ
õ껹Ƿ㣬ɶУרŵϴµסԼҶҪһЩ
һҲǳľ
Ҫ˵ѽⶼ㲻ʲôҪ˶࣬ǿһϲܳ죬סڼҪöˡ
⻹ģ֮ľǽǻԼ棡


ֵˣֵˡ

ϣݹ٣ʧԶӭʧʧ񡣡
ƹһգӭ˳
¡¡
չֿ׵˵䡣һСˣֵ飬롣
һ£ʧˣġֹ֣ȻСȥ;̨ʱջЩӸǣ룬Ȼǳˣ棬ôõľˡ
¥ĺ棬һεĴţһԺֻϾƳ񣬴ֲʧŹۣܱΧһȦСԺми̨ͤľΡʯòԣ治ʲô滨ݣҪôܹɢģҪôǷóֲ˼סҲݵģҪʡԺû¥ʵڽǿԽ¥ģ˼Ƴش󣬽¥ѵ¥ݣСԺסŲŽһ
غܱˣҴҶԼǮǺһ˳ѹ󣬹ʴõ궼Ū÷ǳ󣬺ò˳зƶȣȻ
Ƴ񣬵ǾӪķɾȫǺ־Ƶ꾭Ӫڵ˶ԣҲǷǳġƳסùݣǼֱҪһһ飬ģȫΪ·ṩס޵ģиݶڷ꣬͸жɣǮҲֻסҲǸСѣȡһЩرϣֱʹࡣ
гõ꣬ܵ顣
ոСһСԺСԺСԺҪ˵СԺǲеģǮҲие͵ġ
¼顣
ֻˣ˼úˣ鼤æ
պǺǵλӲôѾ¾˰ɣ
ͬʱͷͬɲҵԸ
˲֪Ϊڰͷء
ɡ
Ⱥ֮˲ʵǵͶ࣬Ƕʮ꣬ںǰȴͬһ
ǶıҰʷǰβǾ岻ѡ
Ⱒʷǰβǰʷӣ̫Щ˾Ķʲô顢ͳͳϲϲһЩĶñ˵
ˣСкĪ֥ǸΪ΢ֵţκϹ誵ĺˡ
Ī֥˫Ŀ˷ܣΪЩȻǵжͼû뵽㾹Ȼ¹벻
ԭ뵽ʱͱҪ˺ΪûûƳ治ȱΪƳôأȱ˶䣬һʿı䣬ôҲΪһַǹ׼ᰮЩǧƥ֮ࡣ
ԪҲ˲Ԫҵ࣬١
岻ǣɷ磬ҲȥǮƽʱҲš
ָߴô£еϺյı׼Ϊǵӽģߴ䣬Ǻվҵҡ
⹫ûҲδйҲûеףʵǶԷǺգҵеİƾҲ֣Ҿ͸ǩһʱԼźһ£
ʴˣҲδǮ˵ΪⶫδȥܻЧӦ
Ű죬Ǿˡ
Ҳɵ˵Ȼ㣬Ҳţһ˾ʮǮؼҲǳ;ܣǶ̾ػƣ·ҲãĲ󣬶һܶǼеҺ㲻ʲô
ֻҪԸȥǾͲҿ⾪޵ԼĶѣϽҺգºȥ˺
Щ嶼˳һĶΪҪӣ˵Ͼ̫á
һ̧Щͱ˵ˣǾ仰һеǾͼģһԽԽֻǳˣǽԽԽ࣬ҽⷱҪ˾ԽԽ࣬ķ漰ֻܶҪȴ򣬲ΪӪг벻ǡ
ʷǰβˣˣѪգǼѣһĵͷ
յǶӦĻǽվͽԼǩ˰ɡԼǵɣľȥǿģҲʲô䶯
ǩǩǩ
˺ԥԼǩԼĴ
һԼ棬ջǷǳ󷽵ģļҵĺǺûҪһǮ棬ֻҪ֧ǮԼԱϣЩͶǼҵģƽ֣ΨһҪľǾȨȨһ룬һռһ룬ôȥǵյġ
Ȼ棬յĽ̻壬Ҳһָ
Դˣͨҵˡ
ҲǱȻҪΪϱԽԽ࣬Ҫⷽķ
ⲻǱģֵģֹǱģøĿǰҵӯҵҪģΪҲ˰
յ²ûϸ̸Լϸ̸̸֮ķչΪջûȥ¡
ȸһůůǡ
ոոȵתǴűϴһϤԪˡ
ƫͷȥǴһ̨ͤģΪ˶ϲڣϲ棬ΪûеƣûвڵĹôҲûĺãʴ̨ͤǱģֻȽ䣬磬һԵż䣬ܹ硣
ͣȥԪմк
̹ϴޣզ
ϴޣƽ٣ղͣ˽Ų
԰
ҿ޼ҿɹ飬סҲͦģãмͥԺӶǣ͸ɣסгסɶó
ͤĺԣ룬˻紫һ㣬Ǯգ۵ģͥԺ˵;͡
ƽٵһ⣬ˣ֮סͼľһ徲ģżסһգУס˿ǲСҵЩڣ֪н֮òҾͲӦýǮƾˡ
˼ǴһͿһʱǡǡ෴ǴһʱͿһڿҲˡҲû£ǻô㷴ҲϰߴԲˡ
Ǻǣ㵹ҲţԪרģҵ׺㲻ܹԺ֡ǳǴԺ԰ŪһгǰǮɶûãǮ̫ˣ뼴ǳЩ󳼣ҪõǺǣг԰
ĺüͷȻһ壬ͤԪպ˵գСҴкԥôô


1548 ǻ
ԪǺҲǴСϻ׽ԲسģźճȵʱѾע⵽ˡ
ͤڣֻƽԪնϯһȾƣһͼµСˣһ񣬡Ԫ塣
ԭǺˡ
ƽٵԵЩ죬΢΢֣صһ
ԪյȻбۺգЩ
ҲûдǳŴƽЦ֪δܹ֮꣬
Ԫձ뷴õǹмŵģһ뺫ղгͷϴ󣬶ҲԪҵĹүˣƽҲ֪ģʴô˵Ҳûд
ƽЦˣҲԪ֮
ʵ֪ΪгΣ
ƽ㶣漴ЦŵͷܺãܺãǴ۽簡˵ţֵ
ЩɣڨڨǱǸ⡪һЩ²ֻڲܷ㣬æ֮һϼ
ƽŶһҲأ
յͷ
ƽҲǿΪгŵһգտ϶кܶҪæⲻ֪ҪϻȥµģǵУæ
ʧ㣡
ԪգƲ죬룬קĸƵãӱקҲԪգתȥˡ
սŲԶȥ֮󣬴ƽü˼㷽Ӧһ¡
Ԫһ㶣զ˵أ
Ҳ̸ϴֻǡˣҲʲô¡ƽٰڰֵ֣ҿƺںϳ˲ٿѽ
Ԫʵģ
ƽٺǺǵҪܹ۸ˣɲὫͷƫһȥ
Ԫ̾˿˵ˣСӿǽƻĽ͸Уһǳݣר˼ʹǿɶҪСӡ
ƽٿЦҿɲҵ

ѵƽĿҵļƻܣܣҵļƻҪܶ¼ȥģܷ񴥷ҶûʮɵİգǲܿôûеҲֻǿɽһǶѡ˻ǴȻܹгһĺ塣
һţһ˼ţδ̫ãùõ꣬ʰ飬ȥ£һԣµģǾ񣬻壬£ȥǡ
صԼͥԺ΢׼һ£ȻЯֳȥˡ
Դˣ»ǳڴȻǶԣѾҪϾѾ࣬ǵ岻󣬵ϾµһԸ
ϱԣʱгˮò֡
ǰĪǺ飿
շ򸾲Ÿճõ겻ãź˺
ջͷһֻһɫεֲһȫµг׷
ϱϻغղȵгһȥɾҪι̡ĶࡣҲ˵ɫᣬӾ£ǰƤ̥ͽгһΡ
⿡ĹӸһǷǳ簡
նгֵù
ⶼؼģǣȻһλ崿ɰŮֱۣ̫ǰһ㡣
ն̲סΪޣûп˰ķ棬ȷױȵ츳
ͳźպٺһЦǴλ˵䣬ƫͷһĻҲ˵ڣƤӣԭԭǺ˰ʧʧ񣡡
΢΢һƳŮСӻǹĲ˳ʺҪ֪ǿŮߣ͵ȥסϼɡ
־ֳɲǰ谡
ֿɥˣҼѾߣǼɻۣ棬ҲǽԲԣ
Ůߴĵͷ
ô׾ӵĽڣҲ˼˵óڣҷ˵ǲѽòûЦֵæվǴһгʽг
Ŀǰɾһ֪ΪΣ
յͷģġ˵ţýŲ˲ǰ֣ϲӴⵯŶιƤ²ʲô
ֺٺһЦĿҪǱʣȻ˵ʵĻôҲ˵ʵŵһ

ţܹţƤľϣһܹӵſǴˡļҵһġ
նĵôһ˵ҵҲһ
æ飬ôҲһҪ㶼Ļ˼ҿ϶ΪгûԺŪúá
ûСӲһ
ڨڨ͸£һǮ
պǺһЦСӵǾĺš
پҲһ
ǺǣҪĻ⳵ҲֲͷˡպǺһЦֵУԤһ
Ӵ飬̫ˡ
ˣˣȥװıưɡ
Ϊװ˵һ룬ͻȻ»ڣϽתڵһȸˣȻг뿪ˡ
һ뿪¾Цʵ֪ϻǴĸ˰
һ㶣Ҫ˵ҡ
°˺һֵۣôǮˣΪƫƫѡСӣС֪һЩ£治֪ôġ
ȴһЦΪѾһӵ
µѵʥ֮ô
ҲڣҲ¡
£
յͷ뿴СŮ㳡һȦĹӸˣܲĶô϶ѯʣʵһ˵˻ѧҵģһȻǽо͸ˣһҪҲֻһװװƣһﾹȻ뵽ŮװƣǻһЩ
һ֮ѣ
ѽ˵еˡǰһ죬ˣȵң
㳡ϣֻ㳡ϾۼŲˣ纫շϣַֻǳȫµгϣ߾ۼһȦӸ磬ҶǳĴг
ò˵㳡Ϊṩһǳõƽ̨
ܻӭ֣϶ֻõһͿܱ߶ˣ׷ҪԼ
ջ϶ửֳ
ԸвǣǷô֣ȻûͶ˼Ŀ⣬ɾһԷޡ
ʵѽҲǷ򸾣ҪǱ˵ĻһָָģǷ򸾵Ļ˵ʲô
죿
Ǹɵļ²Ǳ졣
ϡŹ֣
бվһϡŹֵ£
֪߳ܣ
ҪԹ˵ĵ±׼Ǹɹ̫಻֪߳ܵˡ
Υ񷨣
ⷽ棬Ǵʦģ⻹˵
ԣûʲô˵ģǰô㣬ô㣬ľС


1549 ֮ҹ
̹벻ķҲôóԡ
Τոնõķ䣬ֱڴϣɫ˵á
ŽĻжĪҲ淺⣬ͣԲĶӣŵöˡ
Τɱ˯أǻȥԺ԰ΡĪѵ
ƺǺǵ˯ˣҸ˵ʱƹ˵ǵģֱȥˡ
סﻹǷ㡣Ī˷ܵ
ΤͻȻ
ĪͶƲĿΤ
Τôأ
ΤһѽǱץ˹ⱻʲôģֲ飬ֲ˿ࡣ
ƵǴӽ޻֮ޱ
޻ˡ
Ī˵Ҳ˹ȥޱŻû˿á
Τͷõ꣬濴ɣӦΪ׼˿డ
ڨڨһЦģסýŶ׼䣬õľ˿ࡣ
ΤƵΪʲô䣿
ƵúǸˣǻ˵ģҪһ㣬ֻסͨˡ
Τߵͦͷġ
̾˿治ܸǱȣǺǲˣҪһЩӣɵʡһã׼ļǮͦʺǵġ
ΤŭʲôʱܹﵽΤҵͷˡ
ĪΤΪ֮ǼǱȲΤңͳеǮǿɻôӼãҪöˣĸǻ治ܸǱȣ
идĵͷҲӦó׬һЩǮǮĵط߯ˣǴӼҲһ¡
ΤǻгϢȻˣΪ٣ÿ¶ٺ»㻹ûǮô
Īɲô˵ǸոˣҲܹһƷɢ٣жǮи磬˼һ׬ǮǺЩԱһٺ»
ƵǰǱ΢˶㿴˼ɽţǴ¬֣ĴŪô˵˱΢޼鲻̣Լȥϱóͨһˣǲ֪ܹ׬˶Ǯйġ
˵ƳΤǾΤϲҲôֻû
ĪҪǼҲŪһǲˡ
⵹ǿСƵûҲ֪ʲô
ĪٺһЦԺôҲ԰ϾСͻ켣ƽⷽ棬ǻϤġ
ơΤʱĿ⼱
ѾǷǳģΪ廹ֵΪÿ׬ǮܹβǷԺԣûԽ࣬ƷԽ࣬ǵĿҲ٣ǵĲƲʼˮǹӸǣüǮǶԣһ󣬵ǲʴ֧Щʧ⡣
һʼ͸溫̵¹ƣҲչֳŬı仯ϾŵƣӺҪɹǺܸߵġ

һ壬翪ʼгʼԽԽ𱬣𱬵ʲô̶ȣгеõ궼ѾΪ
ܸûͣΪĻֳԺ棬гֵĿ࣬һ硢磬ǻдֵģΪгҪ̫ĿŪһЩĿͿˣԺֳڱϣԴҲȥǱ棬Ȼʱֱ֣ӳгسڡ
ΪҶѾгڰ죬ֻôϤг·ˣгҹġ
ΪȻѾһЩЩǽƶǻƶȵģȾȱϵͳ˼ÿտһҹҪȥ棬ǻܶ鷳ģ־ģҪĵĻһܴḶ́͢ҲûдġгƣѾϵҲơĹ㳡м䲻ȪˮأгĹ㳡мһǳջ豸
ȵҹгһƬƻͨ
͵Ѿ̭ˣΪ⼸ķչҵõƶҪԪңվ͸ԪֳԪҵİֳģѾǳˣˣԪһѰԭ򣬱綯֬ȵȡ
гȫԪṩģɼģж󣬵ԪҵͶʣ㲻ʲô
յҲľģлʯͣ񲻽ʯͣʡպùеĸūسʯͣʯͣҪɣ˵ڶʱڣذվֶջά꣬Ҳûȥע˵Ʒֱҵڹе֮ȥūһĺ𣬲Žǿظ¢ֽʯƷרų۸أһ֮׬
ʯӦҵⲻǺյ⣬һɣľ̸ģҲǰסʱ򣬲ŷԭгѾʯˣԼһնûʯͣΪʯʵ̫ǰҲû㹻ĿƼȥɺĿǰļܹú̿͵ȥոˣҲ֪ĸطʯðײá
ҵƣΪƸʹǲϵȥ£ȥѰҸõĶǰ״Сũһ
ڵƻͨгӰζұնԣŮӣЩӵǿɶһЩ˾綩귿䣬ͽ˽Լ̸˹ֳûŮ飬ںյһ˼
ƳʢУ潻ִҴŰ檾һĳ棬ɲǽеġ
һɵվ͸Ũˡ
·Ͳڣһ£ô죬˭Ըţг͸оķΧ
Ҳ棬ʵ̫ˣҲոᵽɵĿУǳܣҲǳģںΪŵһգ˵㡣
¹ټ顢ˡ
Ʒ˼ʱ̾
ջδڣ±ԭǷС찡
˶֣ɭ
˿£һЦǶǻʼҾأ㻹ôУôԷ£뻹ˡ
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ͦͦõġɭٺһЦ뵽ڣָϽסЦ⣬ǷСǽ壬Ҳµġ
ʼҾڱĵطѲߣǶǹٸṩİ칫ҶǺܾúƵģϾܶöϲʼҾ죬϶칫гṩģСȫһṩζҹˣϼ䣬ⶼܽѲߣȼٵġ
ռ˷ܣǵҪʱʱ̼̿סԼݣǿɲģҲ٣Ҫעһ㣬ɢɢģһʲô˼ҿǻ׷ġ
ǣ¹֪ˡ
ȥæɡ

־һȻ뿪ˡ
Ц벻㡣
̾˿ʲô£ֻǺٻˡ
ŭĵһֵۣˣϾҪˣô
룬ҪûʲôµĻӦöмڣŵģҲ֪񰲾ΰļڣ»ȥ񰲾ʱ˳ʡ
ԵͷпʼҾ磬治һɵĻ
ЦɵĻһҪʲôѵӪ
һ֮ҹΪҶ˷ܣ֮󣬷ԽԽ󣬴Ȼصȥˣأûʲô˯⣬һ£Ǹһ£Ⱦƴƨò
гһڶ죬ҲԤƵֻԽԽãΪΨһģһҿҹҹгң˶سǣֱססѵģгƽǩԼģԤһЩСԺΪֶֻΪ


1550 ԽԽ
ҹעߣҹע
ǺҲ⣬ô£ЩȻþͻᷢһжô
½㲻ͼܣԸԻǱԣڶһ磬ͻظֹȥˣŸָ̽ϵϣǵҵҲԽԽܾ࣬ҪˡյȻȥģص֮󣬺ûмٻгȻгŸոտšΪջһҪ£Ǿ֮ڽջȫƳ޻֯Ʒ۵صѡ˱С
Ȼ֮гҲһ棬֣вδ޻ȥΪԼµĴ㡣
޻Ѿˣ޻ʲôã˭Ҳ֪ʴˣİ֪֮ʽ޻֯ƷʱǷӵлԸŮСΪΪؽһЩ·ˡ
ȻǴʧ
֮Ƴ¡޿㡢ޱν֮ªķ̣û֮һ
ͨĲͨˣһ㣬ʵһֿóãëã֮ǻķ̣ٿֱ̣е
ǽ֮Ƴ˿̣֮ͦġ
޻֯Ʒʧ͸û˿ãƯ
ǣͨաв׼ȴǷ޻֯Ʒ˿ãǼǮҲǳµĻ˿Ͼ͸࣬ǮȻ󡣶޻֯ƷȻ̫ÿǺʵⱣůЧǳãɫֱ࣬ΪƵһ㡣
ʵҲȷʵˡ
㻹һ๦򡣡
վ̨ϵĺգĳתͷ֣е
֣΢΢Цǿ䣬Ǳᡣ
յһһ룬ԭΪ޻һڶ죬ȴû뵽ôŪҺտڵƷδʧܹ㣬ⲻĳô
л½⡣֣йֵ
֮ȻܹƯķҲ֮һķӱ֣ȴҪԱͨһ㣬Ϊ޻ĲҲޣ޷㳤˵ȫֻ֣뽫Щ޻֯ƷЩҪİգǹ塢ˣ棬ֺÿʵãҲǰվ򲻵
ҲΪʲô޻֯ƷŵкгȥΪгǸ˵г
ôһŪͲˣͻиİܹ޻֯ƷϾǮʵݣҲͱ鲼ôһЩͨҲܹʵٶһ㣬ҲǿԵģ֣ͼĿɲǮһ˫ӮռѵҲܹ׬ǮǾˡ
ͻȻ˵£ҵһôûмİա
֣ùһЦⶼĸ
˻պǵô¡
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ʵľѾ˳ڹеתϣܹԶİա
һЦҵһ仰
ʲô
һ˵ԽξԽ󡣡
֣еü߶һ飬Цҿǵڿҡ
ʵ顣Ц㲻Ҫ˳ʣɽųʡ
֣ҡͷֻҸ˵뷨ǿˣʱʹ˲Ը⣬Ҳþܾ϶Ὺĵģ˷ǾΪ
հڰֵʵֻһѣɽȥרһرĴʵõֻΣҪܹһ۷ֱĳΪɽšר;ʡö֮վͶšɽš٣ɽšǳɽţɽŵȻ쳹ȫأɽʿҲ˵㲻ϣǶǼԣ׬ġ
˶ԣҲǰһɽôмҲôΪȫ伯ţҲֻȣмôǽᱻɽѹȥһʣվܹ˫ľ
֣գ˰ΣƳŵҡͷС磬ǡ
ûԵ±Թѽ㽫ҵ޻УҶð취
֣йһЦֵԸϢܹһ
̵ɽŴӦҺأ
֣Ƭ̣ͷ㶼ôźла͢ڣ¹عҴƣܾܾ
Ц㱨һɡ
䣬¥˺飬и硣
˵ͷȥֻԪվ¥¡
ûдŵλɡ
Ԫܣ˵

Ԫ¥Ƕڣٺòˣҹùȥһг
ʵϽгŵͬһ죬гҲʽˣԶԶûϽô䶯õ꣬ݣԶԣǱȽϷյģһСԺûʲôգסˣװʿ붼ߵˣ˵ǳóгǰС
淨һǰ淨˽͵УȡԼȻȥмûԼϵģۣҲ˵֮䣬ὨֳȶóҽĻ˭˭ûһϵģ˭Ҫ˭߼۸ߵá
Ļ׷ǳԶΪʱڻۣ֮䣬ʼǿǿϣмͱҪԼԼ˫Ҫ뽨ԼϵǾͱ̸̸һԼҪʱģĿԽ󣬾Խ̸ԼѾе˽ܣΪ㲻ܣ˼ҾͲ棬ôһжԼ˵Ҫ˼ǣ֣̽õȻҲ͵ˡ
˳ɵõ궼ǹмµĹõ꣬Ϊŵĳ֣ģʽȻҲĳΣⶼҪȥıߡֻԭԪǴԼģԪҲǳԽôĿҲǱȽѵģҲз磬ԪĿϽƻɶƻ棬õܹ׬ǮһرǱȽģͲԪսԡ
ԪǾ;мţض뻹ԪҵģԪҲԵɣȡþԵĿȨ

ߵΣ
֣ڳɳϣ̫Ԫĵʵ
гһĻ棬ǳľ̫ʺ̸ˡ
Ԫĵԣǿ϶ԶûϽǱߺá
֣ЦĵԲӣȻûϽǱߺãĲƸףԶԶϽ
յͷһʴܾ͵ϽгһµӪҵˡ
ԪЦǳǷ¥̸֮
֣æԪ֮ǲԶˡ
Ц÷¥ԪҵĽȰ

һѹԪĵɫգλǰһ£һ¡
֪ĵָ£
Ҳûзֱ֣ԪҿʼӪ֯ҲŸܵ
ԪĵΪԾ֮֯֯ĽѾڳ죬е·ֳ֮ҡһָĳ˽̤һΨɴ߻ûʲôչɴѾһЩӦ㣬޻ĲɴȱҲһ󡣡


1551 Ͱʱ
֣գͬĵͷҲ⣬ԪĵĸдҪһЩΪһֱⷽ⣬ڷ֮֯һֱо¿ǼģܹǹȻãҲǿ󲻵á
Ц֣ӣĵĲడ
֣һĿźա
յҪʱǰûԺǵȻʲôԼŪԺǾͶһ·˭ԺǱؽһź¡
֣գԪĵ
ԪĵԵͷҵȷϣԺܹڷ֯ṩϵİ
Цʴ֣һǮԺ
Ԫĵ΢ЦŵͷΪǮ֮Ӧֵһ֣ӦԪһе
ԪҾǮ棬Ǿһһ۵ģģͻģҲûʲô׿ɽġν֮ˮȻ̸ǮǺβֱһ㣬ʵܺá
֣кǺǵĵ֮ǮҲԸ
ֶա
ʼҿɲǾǮԺżĻ̾һЩڷ֯ĹߡԭϸԺ
ԪĵҲеˣȻҪͽһЩߡԭϸȥԺˣΪΪʲôҪһʱ̡


ء
ջСҵȣҵȰɵд
ʷڣϥϣɫΪˬ
ƃߵɲôѺݻسҪ겻ɣǲˡ
ҵûʲôɲõһ
ʷ޺ߵ벻õһѰ
༶Ҹģȥ֮·ǿׯΪʵ۾֮䣬·϶һޣõģƺںյİЩ̫ˣûһ˼
˵䣬

á
һİ֣СƲӵ˽ֹһ漴λٹӣѾ͵֪λӴʱ
ҵϵϡ
ʱҵǱѺʳ뿪ء
ֵӣһĿҵǵȥһǺ黹紫һ㣬㰡
ȣȥصΡƃ⡢̲׵˿ɾûôˡ
ʲʲôû
̲׹żŴıĿŭǰվŵ˹١
Ͼ¬֮ССһ˹٣ûз
˹ٿɥϣλӣǶԲסѽԭͶ׼ˣʱǱţһʹȥұҪǰϦ͵Ҳûа취ֻϰǱùֻе¿ʸݸȥ
üû¿ô˻س
ľУûû¿
˵ʲôϻûû¿㲻Żسɡ
С˵Ȼ˼λӿɷٵϼգСѾȥˡ
ƃСǣ˵զ죿
ϼգܹƥ߿һ㣬Ӧûܹʱϻسġ
˳ټգҲ޷³Ҳֲǡ
ǡǾ͵ϼհɡ


ƽȥĵ·ϣλ򡢶λֵСǣѺݣյȥ
Ȼӭһ֧ӣλһ̧֣ԸҵΣϾŴĵ·ô
껹Ǵͷβ͸Ȼ£治֪ǵλɣҪôҡ
԰꣬ϲǻһСȥô
СҲ߹Ͽɾڣҽɶ˳㻹ǱߣһҪҪϾҪˣ˻ҲżͰɣϣܹתˡ

λͻȻ
˼öλϣӢ䲻ΪǹԱæ֪үк£
λʵǳô
˵Сƽصˡ
λʵǻƽأ
ǣǵġ
ʲôǣǵġ
ǸǸģСԭҪһЩȥеǰʮƽ룬£·סˣֻԭ·ء
λǰ·ͨĺܡ
ǰնµġ
磬զ죿λŶλʵ
λ򷽲ǵ̸ʵ߿ɻ·ȥ
үʱ򣬿ɼڣ
ǰ棬ǷŻ·
ڵϱһСȥǱٽڣմùˣǱߡ
ڣɶµģӾͻˡȻͬ·˳ȥɡ
ǡ

ɽء
ǷѺݣȴǺε
ԪվõڣޱĿ
ĺһڲ裬ֽ豭£⺫ھǣ֪С֮࣬ؽ¶úܣôˣôǸϰҪôٵȵȣæ֮Ի׼
ԪתͷԪһ
ϡ
λԪӣǸʲô˯Ƕøţ
ǸҲֻϣܹصĹܹǳﱸݡ
ǡ̫˰˰
ְڡ
λԪӸȥ
λԪӣ롣
ҪôɱǣҪôͱ˷ѿˮԪĴǰ˫ֱһѴ󵶣΢΢Ŀ
Ц˭ɱѽ



ռһڣӣԼʦվڣһһŷڸߴˮףһȴһš
׼ü֤ʷԵһô
һסһˣЦ
ͬʱͷһãȻ
һ
ùһûһֻһɫͰͻȻˮͰڵ˳ȥˮлнˮ
Ƕʱһ˫ϴ
ʵǸոƳͰ豸ȫƵģǲ֪զãʴ˿ԼöǳԾ
Ҳ¶ĵЦݣֶϵһͰ˼£ԽԽǷǳ⡣
ֻƳģͰ۾ȺЩͰҪι̶ˡȻͷԭ϶ԶĹǾйģ˵¡
Ϊ๤ն洫Ҫ洫գȥʵĲƷǲԼôڹ˶ԣǼֱﰡʵĺܶഫͳҲˣóǾͿ϶Ǻõģ۸Ҳǳ
úúã
տĵЦһִļϣЦǺǵ̸̸ɡ


1552 Ҫ̫
ɿܳգѽôŪˣԤƵĿҪˣҲҪöˡ
շǳ⣬ɵһЦʵҾº㲻⡣
⣡ǳ⣡
ͷֵǺô
ҡͷͰҲǱһҪúʵһЩԴӺ֮ƼѾǳ죬ҪһŽȥƣԷֳһ治ǺѡֻչܲͭģǷǳι̣͵ûܾͻġ
ʵϵһˣȾͽ㡣
Ц⵹Ǽ򵥣ֻҪһľ񣬱չܾͿˡ
㶣漴ĴָǴ
ҲСȲĴǻ۰԰֣ɫϣܹϽŪͰߣڳ⣬㲻õģҪ٣ǮҲ̸
ԣϲͷ
̫˽ΪˣҪȽǮ̸ãʵ̸ԻһǳļǮҲΪʲôô죬վտǮϼѡ
ʱĳ˽΢΢飬иү㡣
㶣漴üƬ̣ȻǺһЦҲˣһ£ȸˣһɣľ̸¡
ǣСͺ顣
ˣ
ȥ
ְμ顣
ȺĽټˣ̱ȭһ
⽫ٺʶߵĸ
΢΢üʲô£
˾뺫ȥһܲı
š

ܲıûڳڣڱһУ档
һѺѾˣҵǸ༶ǰ༶ʵǿģ·Ҳõģֻ˲Ĺ򣬾͸ϵأҹ̵ĸϻ㽫չ涨ǰʮա
ҵĶӣûжã
ƃһƃļ򣬿ĵĹЦ
ƃΪ߯Ҳˣ᲻Ȥ
ƃ̾˿ʲô취ֲЩŵжѣȵԤƵĻҪ缸ջ
Ǳ߰ʷҲˣǳģһıԼĶӡ
Ψü
ʴҵʧ䣬õϿɣΪٿˣǰүүǷʲô֮үүָ
Ϻ꣬ﲻ֪ҵ˼΢΢һҵԵͷһۣ֮ǰɣôͻأ
Ժ
ڵǳˣƃʷ޵һѧԱжӭӡ
涼ˣվȵĿǣǲֻİɣ
ʷУмһָݾﰡ
ƫĿһƣһ⡪δҲ̫һЩɡ
ƃһĽ
ͻȻɵôʷǡ
ʷ䲪ȻŭգǺ˼ĪָҵȰаǡ
յҡûô˵ʾҾôģȻĻô졣
ҵǼǺˣǳҪԩǰ
ʷҲǼֱQ˾գ
ҿ֤ǲûг

ͷ
üҲ߯һ㡣
գ͸˵߯Ҳˣ㻹ƫƫţ˼ˣ˵˼ףС֮ĶȾ֮ƃ߷߲ƽ
ռԼƺŭڨڨһЦѺݲôô򵥡һ˵ֳҵ˵úúãǶͦģҳҵ͹ǵȵ˻֮һγ̵ġǵġȴġ
ҵǱ˴ţƲס˷֮ɫںǰüһˡ
ȴǳüеǳΪ֪վô׹صģǾҲ˵ҵȷȷʵʵݸͻˡ
ʱһС˹֣˾˾աĿ˸š
ѵСֹͻȻ׹أԲ¶ɫأ
ǣ
Сͷֵ
ҵĪһ
ʲô
СӲƤͷȵ涨Ҫһ롣
ʲô
һ˽Ǵʧɫ
ʷ޽µ⡪ôܣ
е
Сͷ˾յĻСҲţɵ˺üأȷȷʵʵһ롣
ܣⲻܣҲš
ҵǹ˲ô࣬һѷǱȥԼֵء
Ҳ˹ȥ
ҵ񡭡һ롣
ȷ֮ƃϵǴ죬⡪̫һɣһ롣
⾿ô£ʷ޲ŵ
ҵ˸׼ݣҹظϣ;ҲʧģѵݻԼˡ
ҵǵյݵʱ򣬿е
ҵǶʱľ
ҡҡͷ
ƃƵⲻֻϰѣֲݣҲû˿ݰ
һҵ˵
ֻϰѽΪôܻһ֮࣬ҪǻûѺ͹ݣնǸǶûʲôġΪǣǸĸһֻõһݺݴյѹû¡
ͻȻЦƃ⻰˼ǣѺݵĹУп˿ݵ
ƃʶĵͷ⵱ȻаطؾԴγãȱġ˵˫Ŀָźյˣⶼ㡪Ĺ
ҵҲȻ׷׷ŭĿźա
ֱӺǣ˼ѵ֪Ͽεʱ򣬿иᵽ
˼ѵͷҶ˵ʴѺݣһҪϸ鿴
л棡
չһתͷҵ˵ⶼҰŵģѵдʲôϰϰģսսлᷢһ⣬пϰг֣ǲΪһôǮǳɢɢİɣҪĻһǸ߹ǵ̡Ҳ룬ΪʲôѧΣһĿľ֪ôҲϰĿ֮һ
ʵֻҪԸϻյĹȥĻǾͲ⣬ǱնѣԤʱ絽ʮգôһСС⣬Ƕ⣬һȱһ룬Ƕûз֣ǵ۾ǳƨô
ƃûðɣǹۿźա
ǻΨһı¾ǲҪ֪߳ܡ
ЦҡҡͷڸϿεʱҲͷҲͷǣô˵ţڻָͨƣ˲֪ΪǵѾʣʲôţŶң֮ҵʱԱΪʲôҲǽ֮Ϊʲôһǵĸչ⽫֮¾Ͳ˵ˣΪ⽫ᱻһֶڸĸ衣


1553 ج
Σ
ǰ˵ĻǸޱȵΣ
ǰ԰ڣҫ񡭡
ֻ˵߯ҲˣδҲ̫һ㣬Ӧ˵ֿ͡
ҵøƨƵãҧгݵźա
Ҳֻĥĥ
ǣȷǺոĹǵݣҲѺٵĻְ𣬿⻹һ㣬һ룬ǾȻûз֣ôȥ磿
ֵͼ᷸
ιιιգ˻Ǻ˼
ûнǷ
ƃʷ䡢٩ʼ
Ǿú̫ӣǵ棬ôǵĶӣôҲǴĽķ⻰Ҫȥǻδ
˫һţΪԩλѵûôΪƽΪʲôһεϰΪǿڿԼǽ֮Լңѧϰ֪ʶǵĳǵĳ
ȴزŵĴǵĶӡѽھǣǵ˵£λƴǰ˵ȥѵϣڻǻȮô
Ȯӣ
ƃ˵Ѿǳɫ
˵ͻȻ˾գ˾ҴƵһ˧Ƕһţǵضɽҡŷɥõ֪˾յĵճ͸ݣܹһ룬˾ѽ
ţ
ƃһֱìͷƽ࣬ɫҲָ룬ҪԶԶǣҵҲ棬ǰ裬ǻʲôܲ˵ġ
Ƕ㷢Ǿһ鷢쭣ҪˣǾһˡ
бĿƳգĿͬһ㡣
Ҫ˵ˣ
ҵͻȻһ
תĿȥֻҵˮ
ƃǶŻˣǸҵһ鳤ģȴδҵᡣ
ϣôأ
͵һ
ƃ׷ױӺգⲻŪô
ҵһĨᣬǰͨһ£öͷȥײأүүˣǲүүҵˡ
ӣҲԼΨһżǾս飬ԼӣɱҪһЩ
ôһŪƃǶʱԼڸĸҲ׷Ĩᡣ
ʱһƬ
˼ѵʶյôվŵö߳жȻŪÿ޳һϰѡ
̫ˣ
̫ˣ
վɡ
ĬѾõڷˡ
ҵ̧ͷͷѾһܴ࣬ⲻϰǡʵս
ֵվ
ҵվͷֱ
ͷʲôãսʿΪ޴ʧ󣬶ӶǽʧȥһԭֿɵõʤϷͷֿôΨһܹģǵȺãϷҲûйܵѺٶѴࡣ
һ仰ҵİǴ֧飬ʱ˿һ֮ȥˣȭԸܾá
ã
ƃǵȻ֪ζʲôֵͼԾãɱôȥʿⶼûĴѽһ룬Ͷһ뻹ҪЦһЩ̻ôȥ
ҵܾãôǵĶҲýܾã˵ףҲֻһϰѣûбҪô
ЩѧԱ˫ȶʼѧϰѧûˣѧԺĲܴˡ
˾գҲ̫ˡͻȻվ
һĿźա
˼ҶҪã㻹ûӣǵҪʬβɣ
̫һ㡣
һʱ䣬ɱڣ
ôҲУɲǻôţûпǹ
ƃҲסҲҴ
üͷȻ̣˻
˾뿴ǣСָָҵָָƃǣǴͷţڵ⣬һѽþ˵ģʸȥ˾գþǣ̧ǰ
ƃǺ޵ģֱǣҲ˵ʲôǷգǾ;£ãҪսûа취øʿһɱҲɱֻϰͽԼĶӸɱˣ˭ԸⰡ
Ҳֻ̡
ʹ켫ˣƽʱЩ佫Ű裬㱧һ֮𣬲źǣĳҧû̶Ҳûв㰡
˵õΣ
մνймҹ棬ǵǾѧԺѧôӦѧԺĳͷ
Ƭ̣㿴Űɡ˵ţתȥ
ֿ
ƃǷ׷ƫͷȥǷǳһѧԺĳͷҲô£ǣܲյлɣܲһõˣһ
һĨЦ⣬һжӣ
һ£ЩѧԱϽжӣΨҵĿıӰ
ƫͷһҵүүȥôҲУȥɣ˭үү˾ˡ
ҵһϽصС
ǰ棬ǵı֣ûǶ˵ʲô
˵ûô
ﲻԼͬ뵽
յǾͻѧԺȽѧԺ¸ɨɾƽʱǵĺ֪ʶдһٱ飬ڴôϰ֮˵ɡ
ɨѧԺͷ̸ϰ
Ѿ湻ݰ
ƃҲö˵ʲôǰ̾
ֵûĻжӻȥɣŶסҪͦأ߳ĶǧҪðտǵܣð֪ѵֻ˷Ѱս˰˵⻧鶼סˣʵӦýѧѵģʱ鰡
һ컹Ƕ
һЩ˼꺫ѵӪʱͬħһĴڡ
ô
ռûзӦͦģãǵĳʲôĴ˵ھ˵ǻȥָҵ״ֵȥǵĳ͡

Ⱥս˵꣬һѧԱͲԼͬľ
ɫһȵǻӲô֪Ȥ˷˰˵ĽǮǲ֪ߵغ񡣡
ŷ쭣ЩѧԱŵһϽת벽뿪
д
ŭһƃǣ˾գλҪûµĻҾȸˣһкܶҪġ

û˴˭˵ǾǾͽ
ûȤҲٶ˵Уȥˬˡ
ҲĬĬ뿪ˡ
ƃһۣԼͬΧ۹
⺫ջǹݵѽ
ɶǶСӸƭˣ
ϣ벻һӵӥվȻӥۣҲ
λͲҪ˵ЩˣҵĶӻûлغղǺùġ
ԶԶԣһһӣӦøϽ취ӦԣҿɲԸپհ״ˡ
λװ
ô˵ˣֻǡ
⻰˵һ룬͵ػعͷֻ뿪ĺգЦվ
Ŷҷ뵽һЩ£ʴһ¸λҺˡպǺһЦλǲµûǶٶһЩѣϣλܹı󶯣ʲôʱأףҲΪʱŶûб˼ֻһ¸λǲʱֻԸѿǻܹһף˽ǰףû⣬Ǿ͡ǺǣλҪˡ


1554 һ
ϻĳ佫ǽһǱŪ÷ָѣȴû
֮˵˵ʲôԼ
һ˵ã
˭úһǧأ
ĿпԣΪóġ
ѵӪԶСɽϣվһСˡ
ѽ˹ȻûаʲôģҿûȥĻȡ衣
̴µĿԵĳҧ
վǶУһָƣϳ̼ھеá
ҧĹһЦСӴôཻѵСӱȺ궼ҪƻһЩϻѵӪʱ򣬲ҲõһôЩѧԱǵĳȥѹѧԱѧԱȥǵĳ߶ʹпԣϷŲĵԼȥ衣
̴ǲǶûлҪҪȥǡ
Ѿˣ
ҧ̾˿ȻСƵģôܲ뵽ǻ֮ǿ϶취ǲôôƵģҲ˵ѾﲻˣǶѾ˺յȦףֻܿԼ飬СǷʤ

ϳ
⺫ոոճУһͣǰ洫һ̺ŭ
ϵǹһ񣬵˾գǶԲסôǵѣҲΪҵǺã˾ܹ
Ƥ̧ˣ㣬Ϸ򻹴δ
ʱŷֲ̫ˣڨڨһЦ˾ռ£ǲôҲὫһεʧܣĵģһεʹ࣬ġ
ɡ
л˾ա
һݰθҶǷֲˡ
Ц༶ãǱʶľͻΪһСС˹θҿһݣǸֶǳһһֻһЩϸڵġ
Եͷǲںϸڣȴÿϸڶڣòԩ˶٣ʵİ༶أ
պǺǵǶѣһģǸǵԸϵȱݣƶģ⣬ӦöɵġЩˣȥǽӻ
㻹ɷѿİЦЦ
Ҳû뵽վȻǵԸƶҪǰ
Цϰʧܲ£µǽЩսȥ˶ǽң԰սϣɰǵĿǽѵһϸˣǸǵǻǳɳЩ衢ʹ࣬ǵĳɳҲǷǳаġ
ƃҪֻҲΪʱɣ
Цŵͷ
֪ˣ
ͷ³
һ㶣˾գҵں棬ҲǻسǰɣβҴһ˳糵

Ϻ꣬ң̫޳ˣ
վ·ߣָѾԶȥƿڴ
ûа취ֻ߻ȥѰԼϾһЩЩԶ
ۣڻص˳ڣûлؼȥȥԺ
ǰΪ˷֯°ɡˣе飬΢΢Ц
ЦֻһĿģоǣؽǵÿþƷԺʿһꡣ
ЦŵͷļǱѾһǮǣһЩӦòʲô⡣
յͶ෢µٺ»ǰɡ
΢΢üǲǶһ㣬ô˵ҲǾƷ٣Ǹý̫࣬ľƷٿܻ᲻
ЦǸɵʲô£ǵľƷԺʿǸɵʲô£һŶۣҾǽֳʵҲո𲽣ҪǮĵط࣬ȻĻһ㷢µٺ»ϾǽΪ˰գΪ˴̫̫¡⣬ɴΪǴһ롣
ҲƳõķɴ
һ£Цأ
ͷǵľƷԺʿһЩˣɴŮ˸ɵ£Ƕڷɴ̫˽⣬Ŀǰûʲôͷ
ûв𣿡ʵ
ݵûйܣǺҿûʲôͷ˽ݸгƺҲû뵽ð취
Сû룡հֹһ䣬ֵȻ˵Ļǹȥɡ
š
ѧԺ
ĹѧԺѾױɴռˣҡĳ÷ֻתĹԣɴߡ
Ժˣ
¹ټԺ
ЩƷԺʿͻȻˣ׷
ЦʵչΣ
ѧԺľƷԺʿԵЩΡ
Ƴݣľϣƨһ̵棬ε͸Ķۣ˯ѵӣ룬СӹȻ͵ġ֪ݵ룬϶ǳзɴԣȫûãֲȥɴЦҪ٣зģҪôһûͷͺúϢһ£ԴɷɣǱýġŶҲҪˣҪżпյĻȥ֯ѰһУ֮ĴʱΪǳš
һЩƷԺʿپѹС٣˵ͷ
ź£Ǿ
ԣЦܡ

Ŀ͵Ŀ
ʵʲô뷨û
ûУ
ҡҡͷ
յʦôһ뷨ûС
ûУ
أҡͷ
տЦһʵ
ǶԳٻͻȻת˼£취
յͷϣܹ뵽취
ݺǷܵĵͷ·ǸߺգѾô߰
Ҳ֪ȤЦУæţȥԺ
˵ţһˣƺʲôһ£ֻžһ졣
ԺСġ
ԺʿɫһΧ
Ŷģû£
̧һ֣ͷһƳһĨâ̫ʷ롣
԰գ̧ȥ
ӸոƿֻһɴڵϣΪ𶯵Ĺϵֻڻתš
⺫ո߿ݵĿǵڵϵķĳϣ̧һۣĿǵŷĳ
һԺʿǰĳ𡣺ݻԣĿһۣȻ󻺻һߡ
žһ졣
ǿķɴֱߵڵء
ľƷԺʿǳȵĿݣǷʲôƢ
ݶץס֣΢ǷתݴĿתķ֣͵˫ĿͻȻ˸Źâ
ո߳ŵĺգͻȻ΢΢ƫͷȥڵһĨЦ⡣


1555 ׵
ؽÿʱǶڼԼһ񣬽ƶԣһ֮꣬ȻҲ⡣
պһ¥һ㣬ȡɣľĻ㱨
ͨʱɣľǳţΪŷ¥׬ǮԽԽ࣬ǮҲԽԽࡣ
ϱȥԣӭ˴󱬷ںյڶУѾȻΪӯȻǻںոɵ˳еĸЦǣǰŸ񶼽Ǯ浽гϢ
ҲǺĿǰϣϢ
ʵ׬ȡǮǮں㲻ʲôòʲôǮΪûٸǰһǮ͵ȥƵءҪǽеӯֱӿԷӦõǣΪеҪӯǿϢоųɶǽӯǴŻ˱Ƚ٣׬Խ࣬ҵչԽԽãѾΪտ¾һҪ׼
ڶҲˮأҪгԺĵƤǣϽҵնԼ͵ļ۸ģ֪˶ٱ
ˮˮԼֽţЩͳҵ
ڴԺôȻһַ糱ӯںնԣǼֱǾţһëɣľϽ֮ⷽ۳¥֧öǰָζǣҲ˵ںո˶ԣⷽǳƽģ׬Ҳ
Ԫں󣬺ӦѾԪңΪ˴Ƶһ̣ҪԪҼͶʱ˵Լȴ򣬶ǽŽеɣֻҪҵͷÿҲ޼
㱨֮ɣľýģĿźա
ܺãԵͷɣľһɣľôȥͦŵģ
ûûС
˵ʲô˵ˡ
ͻȻǺһЦǰŻˡ
ɣľڨڨһЦΪÿʱ򣬾ǺǮʱΪҪͶʰȻÿͶʶӯģǺ̫һ㣬ϾûôǮӯͶȥвƣٴʤ죬ɣľΪѾˣҪǰǮȥͶʣػǶļҲҲֲ̫һ㡣
Цشɷģӽ꿪ʼǿʼʽ𣬳ȥάϵ֧öҴסĽⷿĲƥȥܹﻻ
һ޴󷴲ɣľľվȻҪǮˣ⡪̫˼ˡһֱǮԶܷڼڼһͭһóȥվȻҪǮ⾿Ƿʲôأ㡪˵öģ
ȻģһЦ˾
ɣľǿ־岻ǲǷʲôأ
ȺҪȥͶʣҪÿֲöࡣ
ɫѾͶʳȥ̫ǮҲûʲôõĿͶǮһиʲôƣǿܻӦӶ̽䣬ѾֱǰĽ׶ΣҪʽʵҲһͶʡ
ɣľ治Цģϲƽͷһ뺫յ˵ģһʧġ
Цŵͷһ꣬Ͼȥ꣬Ҷæ÷ʳʴˣҲһ£Ҫôˡ
֪ˡ
ɣľͷȻʲôƵãŶȥһռҵͰ¸̸ˣǼӿһĻԸǰͰװׯ԰
룬궼ݣŮֶǹ壬ݶ࣬ҪͻȻʧֻ»ע⣬ǵҶۻˣû̫£ͿʼǷżٰɡ
Ŷ


Ԥôûг
һĿŴ
ŴȴҲһ㲻飬ͬҲһղŸոͳƳҪһһò
ôƢһ󣡺£Сɱһ°
Ŵɫⲻܹǻ帮͸ƵãЩʿ볯У⻹ֹ˶ʮǵԤɵýЩ˵ٺ»ȥ浱ǻòĽɽɽ
⵹ҲǣڨڨһЦɡ
Ŵ˽Ԥ
տ˿ҲûжǮ
ŴһȻûжǮһԱ͵óԼʮٺ»ôҲ٣ҳһֱ污ҲûжǮؼ¿ɲôѽɹԱû£µùԱֱ˳͢ȣǻӦ¡
մ˸ɣֻСǮѣǵĿҪڴ档
ȻΪСǮҾ͸˵Ǯ¡Ŵ¸ʺѾ뿪˲ݣܶѾ쵽ˣ´˷;·أԼݡˮȵصĸãѾǻϽǽڵصĻѸϣ˼һ£һҪ֧ᡣ
ʵ۳ţܴǮţ̫ˣ;ظ𣬵ǵط治̫ԣ˰ô࣬Ͻɳ͢жǮʴǮø˼زϣΪЩضùԱԼȴӰʳҲΪʲôʵ۳Уһֱ󳼷Եԭ򣬾˲ƣطϱ͹òôԣһ߹ȥٰû԰
αһڼԼĻʵۣҲûжǮմӦе߳ɣεȻŵÿһЩ
üͷƳԣỹһֻǻ֧ҪôҲһʮɣΪ˽¸һЩټѵģۻ᲻ѣֹôһǮĴһƷ಻Ļ⻧֧һҲٹͷһʮ룬ҲûϵôǮ
ŴҲ֪Ƿ˵ˣʺ˷棬Ƿޣ·ݣѧԺʹ͵صùԱԼˮصİգұ»һǰȥˮıذһ˰գһǮҶûȥ곤ʺڻؼҼ棬ѿֻɡ
ʺȻŮˣһ·ˣʺǷǳڼּңǮһǮҡʵﲻְݽŮֻҪõģһҪõʿصˮܾҵ裬ΪʿҲ̫񻰣Ȣ߹ƯŮˣͲԼӣһֱĸŮסڳҲԼĶӽӹʴֵܷǳĸŮģͽĸŮɨسš
һһҪȥǵϳֻˣһԻʺٹ
ȥǱģԵ±ԹôǮҪ£ģ͹˵˼һڼǷǳҪġ
̾˿һֱڼԼҲûʲôǮ⻹ͷһأ˰ɡ
βһݳ޵ĻʵۣһֱŵڼԼ¸޼ɣҵ׶óˣɼҲûʲôǮͷһػôǮҲΪԼΪԼİŮˡ
ΪκٹҵǮԼ£ʴˣŴŻΪ춼ҪˣҪ쾵ôɣ󳼻᳤һŻôǮ
ŴǮѾˣ˵ʲôҲˣɼףѣҾ±Ժô㡣
յ˼õΣ
ŴΪһ£˵һõǮʵ̫һ㡣
ƳǱȽϿģʵ۶ǮӦԼǮǴҶ˵ʲôõĹǮɾͲáŴԾָɣΪؼҼ棬ֲΣôĻ˼ҾͻΪｫθˣǰ榡槼һ
ЦĻǮˣûָãҪģǻ粻Ӧɣ»ôĻǾس˵£Ǿˡ
ǻ飬˵㡣ŴΪֲҪǺλϣҪôǮп϶ģԾǺΪ˱Բųе֮߳ࡣ
Ҳ֪ʵ˽Ѿ˲ʸϼңû뵽ôǮν÷ðҪǸһ˼βô£ˣǮԼڣǻ̸̸Ĳƻɡ
ŴۺգεĵͷʵҲϵղȥƽϵģԴеǣΪԼ¼䣬һѹ㲻ŻǮȥ
ڹ¤УǷǳֺ֧յġ
տе£ʵҲǼӴӵͶ룬ұɳ͢˰ֵ͢һ֡
Ϊӵûȥ£볯͢
ŴһԸǮǻ˵ʲô
û뵽ǣյ¾ôһ£ÿʱ򣬶꣬Ƹߣ궼Ҫˣȴûκӱߡ
ѵǽɲžأ


1556 ©֮
һƬǰ棬ֻһȺڳϣĿĹˣ۵ĻɽҰ룬͸־֮ɫ
һ֧ǶλͶλѺӣѾɽת˺üգ񶼲֪ԼηЯĿҲˣ¶޵ʸ񶼿ûˣʣµľֻмȡ
λ֣ȥǰ̽ȫһЩɽСвͨ
ɶҪҼˣҷǵýʬΡ
߳ҲϲˣǻǸϽȥԮɡ
֪·ô
ô죿ǻ᲻
ˣ
λ͵ؽˤڵϣʡ־塢
˿λ򣬷׷׶ͷ
һϲ̧ͷȥ
ֻһＲ۸Ϊһ˵Ƿ֮ǵġ

ʵλǻõģǲҵãڡ
ӳʳسİʷɡ߳ġ߳ˣһǰŴ塢ŵɽ档
ϣˣ
ôûлûҵʳ

ʷɺȻȻЩһȺƥ򣬽ʳˣڴˡ
һλӣܹǣǵ͸˵ǵʳƫƫţ֪·ȴǣǺû
㻹ҽƱ磬ǣһĸ·𶯲Ϣλ
ȻɣֵƳֵÿһ£Ҳһֻ١
㡪ɱƥ򡣡
ʷ֣
һԵѧԱϽǰסѾγİʷɡ
ʱһＲ⣬пǾѧԺѧԱ
ȱˣȱˡ
ֻ߳ĵ̴Ӷӿ˳ɣͷ棬вಿӵʡ


ô죿ҹ̶޷ڶʮŸϻس
ƃˡ
ƃҧгݵʲôϵֲǲǻʱ£ǵʱ䣬Ҫ־͹ָԺŲ
ǰѧԺѧԱ
ǰ˺
ε̧ͷһֻһＲ۶
ҵǷ֮߶ȲҪѺݣٸϻس

ϱغչúɣʱڸɣľŴߣ䣬ûʲôߣһҪһ˵ĻǾϢѾʼѲӸԼԱһ꣬Ҳų٣ʵ͢Ҳûɶ
֮⣬ȥҹιˣҪڼҴӣΪŮ˽궼ˣŮ˶æһеĺܣĸı䡣
һûɣѵӪϰ
ǶʮţձǴʮ
ƃļ٣Զʮ𣬾һֱܲıڵȺϢȻ֪ǲܵģǻȥ̽Ϣº̫һ㡣ȥˣûгͶ˸˭ףֱӽǵĶ
Щ׷״ΪôΪҵ̫ˣһǾͲıûãǺ̫ˡ
սҲܲıһƷһЩȹϵϣѽ
֪УһȥˣһӰûС
ƃѾˣԾȫûĽడ
ܹȫǾˣ
գҲ̫һɣѵһ겻ɣԺ٩̲סźձԹ
ʼʵҸһЩѣѺݵĹоģ겻ɣֻ֤ûѧãңҲֻǸԺѡ
̿˵϶ô۸㣬ô޶ԡ
΢΢˫Ŀ·Ѿ붨һ㡣׼Ϊ˵һҲ겻ɡ
֪Уֹȥһʱⶬڵ磬Ѿˡ
ƃ̾˿գ޶ʱѾˣѾˣ˶
ЦģǶᵽġ
ˡ˻棿
ƃǾĿźգô񣿸պþܹһ쵽
̫˼ˡ
յĵͷ
ѾɺգȻ˵ᵽǾһᵽȻˣҲûıҪƨɣ׼ظңҸ衣

һ˷ܵ˽˾գ߰ʮ˻ˡ
˫Ŀһۺգһ±ƣͻȻЦȥ
գһжôԭҲ©ʱ򡣡ƃĵĶʼ㵸ˡŲĸ༶ˣֻҪѧԱܹǾڴյǾͷǳġ
΢΢Цǹ˶ѽǵһʱҲ㿪ĵĺﰡ
ƃʱջһЦȫޡ
׼身յİʷˣҲ׷׽ߵĻ˻ȥ
ЦȻֹ

Ц˳ȥ
ƃ涨ȦףǸ˵̫ˡ٩
ƃͷ˵Ĳ϶è壬ЩѧԱҪˡ
һ˵ţһߴͷɥ˳ȥ
棬ֻ֧˵ЦУһĻ̫ϤˣҵǾС
ֱЩѧԱǣ֣ǰжӡ
ԺѾ˵
೤ö飬㱨
ƃߵǱ˵̫磬Ǻܵġ
೤һ쿴ƃƃҡͷֱ̾
ֻԵͷߵĵȥ
շǳ
ЩѧԱ֪ʲôֿɫ죬Ҫ
ƃһţԴҡεĸ
ôĵһʱ
˾գû⡣
ʲô
ƃǽǴһ
ǳصһⶼûУ
˾յĻһⶼûС
Ŀźա
ǰЦϲǣ˳񡣡
ȡ£
ƃˣգ㷽Ų˵
˫һ̯Ц˵˵ѣҲܵ档
ɶ
ֱСӸƭˡ
ƃͷҪðˡ
ҲЩˬգСǳǿİɡ
ƺҲԼеţһЩѧԱķǳɫҲѧԺѧԱҸ˾գԼλΪǸе
Ȼᣡ
ʷٶȴ˺յĻĿһѧԱɨȻԣС˾գһɺչɵġ
ü˻
ʷ㿴༶ҪôǺųҪô֮󣬾ԪҼСӲ棬շ˴ѹЩҡ
΢΢üǰ΢΢ЦǴпɶ˳
һѧԱ໥˿ֶĿ
ôûϷǻô
೤ܲͷԪǣԪͷüģֻܲվ˾գǵһЩ鷳ǡ
л˵޷ֻϷ
ǣȥɽصʱ裬ǲϽݸǣǡԪ뵽һ⣬ʳǡ
ʲô⣿
ԪԷʱǾ˵޵£޵ʱǾ͹󺰴У˯ʱǾģ˹գ㽫ݸˡ
ƃһ湻ݵѽԪͬʱ뵽һˣ޶ԪգǰԪҵˣô޳ܡ
Ҳǲ¶ɫĿԪԪҲбĿּ䲻мƲ죬ջĿȥ
Ϊε̾˿


1557 ܲ׾
ʵôܺԪ⼸Сӣֻ⼸СƽʱѧԺ͵ĺܣҵһ飬ǸһЩӵֻĸݡڿҿҡ
յƻǸѧԱĸȥƵģ˽Ԫ⼸СӣǺտ϶Ҳ֪⼸СӾẩʵˣֻƽʱƲºղ֪ǵܹղеǳ⣬ʮĹոϵЩ졣
ʮǾѧԺʵһ༶˵ĶӣͨյĶӣġ
գֻԵͷһĨɫǳͬԪΪĹЩʱȷʵǳǷ⣬ǲ޳ɷսĿ⣬Щʱ͵øһЩǳֶΣֿʮࡣ
ǰ೤İ˾յĻȥˮʱ˵Ϊ˰ǳﱸЩݣĹٸٵʳʴ˱ҪǵĿȥݡ
˵úܺʵթҲǾ⣬֮䱾иңټҪʳ£˭Ҫ˭ῪĵģܻһЩѵģթҲǱȽϳġ
Ҳ׺ΪʲôôΪ༶ƶҪǻҵˣǵýöˣүү˭ҪթңҾ͸ҽ浽ȥһ˵ҵҪǶˣһССеôʵǸأ
İͷ
ƃôѽûпûˣʲôݡ
İΨΨҲûа취ǲͬΪǶߣңǵʱţ·Ҳ취ȥʳ
ǷʽѵУѾǵļУҲ֪֮ģԼ༶༶Լûɣİ༶
Ȼû˿νͻġ
İһЦ˵ҲˣԭֻյĿʡŵԣǿ֧ŵգۿǵʳûУȻһʳ̶ӣǰеĸʶǾʹнһЩʳܹʱϻ
ա
΢Цǰ˾𣿡
Ƭ̣ԵΪͷ
ѧԱǣˣɫ磬ȻѧԺúϢһ£һ˾ȥѧԺһϰһܽᡣ

һѧԱվһ
յɢ
ȵЩѧԱ뿪֮󣬰ʷʱգ㻹˵ûаǣôɵ£ոûʳܹ̣һʶҿɲš
Ц˵û̵ȷҰŵġ
ǳˡƃ
յǲӦԼûάգôҲҰŵ̡
ʷǵʱԶԡ

ڻˣ
߰ʮѧԱһ·񱼣ȵѧԺĴǰʱӯǿǵһִ񣬶ǰҲڼҽģԹȿ࣬Ĳ˵¶ޣŸɱĸܶѧԱһʼԲϰߣ˶ǱƳġ
ʴˣǷǳ˼ѧԺ
ôţİһ˭ڴɨ
ֻʮɨٳѵ豸ôģȴԵЩˡ
Ǿҵǣ
ҵ
ƃ
˷ܵĴ󺰵
ףİǻˡ
ƃҵǼİǣʱһ㶣漴ӭȥ
ҵȻϣǰһȻģҲûиҶһ̸˻İһ˵
ǰ༶һֱڸ涼ǵ׵ģǲûиϣʴΪԼһġ
ҵһΣǵȷǻģֻڲŵ
ǲûע⵽ǲܲأѵѾؼôѽźԺ˵ջܽġ
ƃǻðɡ
İͷǾͦģѺ治һɵĻ
˭Щء
ʵʲô
ƃûô
İ㵵ͬǿ˿һ±ƵûаԺŻǡ
ʷ޾ȵǰɣǣѵѵ񣿡
İͬʱͷ
ôܣƃһ
İɫ죬룬Ҳ̫ˣȻܹһҲڲ겻ɡ
ҵæǱ룬ƃ˼˵ţһѵһ˳
ܲһ˾Ҳôǵģ⾿ʲô˼
ƃǸǸǻ治˼ֻǡȻ˵˵˵ģ
İֽܲѸҵ˵һ顣
ҵȻ
Ѿûаеֻʹ࣬ѩϼ˪ıģİܲ˵Ҳһڶܻո״
ȵİ֪ܲԭ༶ĿǰΪֹΨһ༶ʱǸǴľš
ʵˣ
νȷɣܲ׾
츳Ҳһ˫н

ձǴʮûɣƃѰһʮüھѧԺĴС
ǵǲΪ֪ᷢʲôһ棬ҲԼĶӣңǲĻ֪ջôǣνڣ˶ϯôܵüɵְɡ
һֱû¶ĳҧ𣬽նѵ¶棬ôҪ裬Ҷ裬ϻڡ
ȻеĪںգȣƷ
ƃͻȻ໥ʹʹɫ
գӶأƃͻȻʵ
Цδһꣿ
٩пǺðСʱɰģȵˣ鷳¿ɾͶˣΪ˸ĸѰ
˭˵ˣҪǺһ㣬¶ӳ̫ʵ۸Ҫǳһ㣬ºӲѧãǣһɽһɽߣͷÿҪԴ
Ҫ˵ѽ֮Ӧ˵Ҳʱ۸ˣǵõӦˡ
ʥƣʩ˰

Щһۣһ˵ûûˡ
֮⣬вǵĶӣȵĶӳˣǾкϷˣ룬ҪܹסСӣӷھ͸ǮȥֻЦŵͷ赭дλ˵ǡ
赭дȴƃǷǳˬ룬ӳˣǱؽʮ
ʱ䣬̹ٱͨǶˡ
վһ죬˾գ¬λ롣
ʼջҪ԰
ƃǲԼͬıĿһ̾Ȼ˳ȥ
δţһƬ֮ȳôţƃǸĿɿڴ
ֻٳվһȺؤ
ڣͷ棬Щֱţ˫ĿûһǸɾġ
ؤվһۣѵǴ˵еؤ᣿


1558 
ۣ
ЩǼԼĶѾÿҪϲ˵ǿ϶Ǽٵġ
úһΪ꣬ȻŪУ˶ﰡ
ҷ׷׷ŭźա
ǣЩѧԱգҲǼһͳա
ϣ
ǲŸո𲽣վ̨Ľ̹٣һ
ѧԱʶסŲȻϽصٳжӣҲĿǰѧɵΨһһŹΡ
ʱһࡢ߰ࡢʮѧԱҲ˹ҵһƃǱԼҪǱĶ࣬ζӳ£һ棬õοһ棬׳ֻ༶ǿ񣬶֮󣬼ȫû
ж֮󣬺ǰɫأĿ̨ѧԱһһɨһſڵǴʮԭʱӦڼż˳ﱸŹ꣬ķǳлǣһ֮ڴһգңǹϲǣˡ
˵⣬ͻȻɫŭΪǵܣһڴʮվźı硣
Ժⲻܹǡ
ƃͻȻ˳
ƃ⣡
̹̺ȵ

ֹ̧ǽ̹٣Ȼƃ⣬С
ƃŭǰ
ƃգʱļ٣Ӱʱ㻹ʲôͷѵûпһֱڸʹɫô
ʵ㷽˵ⲻܹǣѵùң
Ȼ㡣ƃûнúãǻͻȻ赽ݸõҪѺһȥݣһͷ¿ûиôѺݡ
ԭˣԵͷôأ
ƃǻôֻȣǵȵΪ׼ãѾΪʱ
һΪʱյͷǣǵʲô
Ѻݡ
׼ȷ˵ӦѺȥǰߡվ˵ֵҲ˵ڻصȳԵȺȵʱǰʿǰ߼ꤣʿð
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ûأ
տǾͲ취ʼյǰ߽ʿ޶ԣҪҵĻһļ٣Ϊûаʱ͵Ҿܻᵼ»ԵĴһ˵뾡취Ҳûҵ¿һϸѺ٣ҲǰߣοǴԼ취ֻǲͣıԹ⣬Թǣڴ̣֪ʲô𣿾ǵĸֵܿΪǵıԹսɳ
˵ЦһοǴδ취治֪ǵġ֪֪Ǵﵽصͬʱһ֧ƥ;Աʮǽͣգ֮Ǳȥ
ڣ΢һ㣬΢żһ㣬ǰߣԼȥ취ɵĴ̽Ϣϧǡ
ŭ䲻ҡҡͷĴŶûг֪Ȱȣ֪ٵȥû񣬿ǻ޶ԡû뵽ھȻұԹѵ֪㸸Ҳܲıôսھ͵Тʹޣ˵һϸѺ٣һϸӶ̸ϡ
һѵƃ࣬ͷ
ƃһģһҲ࣬ҲƃٲãҲֻ˺յļƣԼԼĴ⡣ƃΪǼֱǲˡģսѺɱһٸӶ࣬˼ʮ֪տֲ˵˼һΪʱ취ǺϸѺ٣ս˲Ϣ䣬Щʿȥȡʱ䣬ǵãڹȣǲˡġ
ǻͣڸԹĲϣպȥɣ治ɶͯ˵ҡҡͷµ̨
ƃú޲ýԼͱĿⲻԾĿƃƃҲԾĿĿһֲԼͬ˲ƿ
һ̵ΣˬĲҪҪġ
ƃܲסϾô˿ţĵ£ᡣƃҲҪˣ˵öԣǧҪʲô֮󣬶˰
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浹ùĶλ򣬵һӦǽԴ¡
յλС
޿ɶ㰡λֻվ˳
ָ̨ϵĶ趵Ȼû˵ĸ㸸ףǰཫ˵ʲôطȥأ
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յôûУүүʮɱʮˣʧԴγɱõоŷɥû뵽һͳˡ
һǳɫ־̸ԱǶμҵ棬Լûйϵ㲻ܶ־
Ȼλ̰ͦأҲ֪
òʹȥһѺپȻ֪Լ˵δȥˣ⡪æΪֻɱⲻТ֮ӣ
մ㵵֪ʲô˼
·ˣλί
յŶ·ǷǳģǰһЩƧ·ִ۸ӣȷ·ƽĵ·ǿׯӦû·ɡ
λǱһƭˡ˵ţۺһָۣɣ
𣿡յ˵˵ôǸƭҪߣƭɶģƽҲƭӡ
ˣλʲô˵ģ̽й˵һ顣
󣬳Ŷ趵νΪΣ
ŭɶһۣƫ˹ȥռˡ
λһãȻ
˼ѵǵʦɡ
˼ѵûʲôѹĶӶʵ˵ǰ·ȥ̽
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µҲûǸҰŵģǰҲûл£ֻҪɸȥһۣǾʲô¶ûУȴɵŲɣߡּ˵ģСпܲ𴩡Ҳ˵С磬ֻ㣬̫Σˣ̫ʺⵥĺӣǻǻؼһԱɡ
λҲǻ
ҡͷһ̾ĿһɨѧԱͷĬţûңûҡ
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߳ûзӦǸ٩ջһʹ಻ΪʲôҶӣ
߳񣿡

߳˳
յô£
̵߳ⶼǹЩԵ̫࣬ҲͽԹˣʴֻܵȥʳг̡
úǺЦһѺ٣Լ벻ôĬðɣðɣĬķϣҾͲ˵ʲôˣϾǧѻһЦȥɡ
߳񼸺һָ̳̬еģû뵽ôɣȻҲշ˼ǱǰλöˣϽȥ
أЦͣúһסЦ⣬ȻôģҲһǰ࣬Ϊл֮һĪİ˵ţһ֡
ֻ̹һԾѧԱÿ˷һݡ
յǽѧԺ꼶ѧԾϢʱ򣬺úÿ»ؾӦܹڶ٣ÿܹԶʳֻҪѧ⣬»һִ᷸󡣡


1559 һǴ
ѧԺ꼶ѧԾ
ʲô
˵һԾʤǧ
ѧԱԾͷžžવ䡣ǵ뷴ʲôǼõģΪϴӦҪලһ㣬ܳԶ٣͸Զ٣㲻ȱô̵ʱ򣬿üȻЩܵ˺ָʾŻôġ
٩Ҳ֪ûֺգҲҡͷһ̾˵Ѻ٣ǳԶţҲȼÿο㻹һѺ٣ֻ˵ЩӸ̫ȱ飬ЩӸٳԶţȥɼȥҲӲЩģרŵ˰ǣʶûУҪȥѺ٣Ǿȡ
һֱڴԼƽһڽոֵ쾡£ûа༶Ķĵҵһֵ࣬ȫѧԱ棬úáһϾ˼Ҳֻһʱ䷸ȴһ£ǲڡ
ЩѧԱٷһ㣬ǵԽոΪԭźǿģôǣ޾йˡ
̨ϵĽǴͷβһֱĬںյԼĶʱƭȥĵĶڱ
ԭǴԼĶվӣѾ÷ĺյ׼ϧûиᡣ
ǵˣѾټǺ޺գҲٷŭеֻΣڼˡ
ҪǺչŪЩѧԱȻվ˵ģ㺫պҲᣬҲϴģһֱĶ֣ɶǳеĴУĶ֣Ȼ൱Ҳ˵ԴС
ǣ纫ԼԣֻǽѺݵĹѣ̯ЩѧԱ
ңСNĺڣѾֹôһ㣬ͺñ˵ҵǣսطؿ˿ʳҲ˿۵һôأɵҲóѽǾȻһ㶼ûвֱ޷ġ
λҲˣо̣һˣе㳣ʶˣҲɸǰȥ̣ʦϿεʱ˵ġ
ǷĴɵ㣬ʹƃǰæ֪β֣ҲΪʲôֻ۰Ͱ͵ĿźվǵĶԼҲʣΪʲôִ᷸ʵֻҪǽһ㣬ܹˣʮˣûʲôֻҪΪأǾܹأôһ㣬Ƕû뵽
ϸһ룬ǱҲ׹Щ̫ûнڵ¡ⲻǸ˵ԭƃڽӵʱ˵öִ棬սԣսϵĲģᵽһ㣬ջٶԷݡ
ö֮ҵȻҲ˺ڵҪԣǱʶΪڷǳ򵥣ѺֻһȵģǸ˾ܹĸͥվ̨ϵЩˡ
ҲӺ֪ʶɱţ̫ණԽˣ֪ʶܶ˶̡ܹ
ʴˣҲ֮󣬰Ҳ֮
֮󣬽ң
ձ˫֣ÿİ೤ǰ߹һţһ
Щ೤޵Ǹˣֹס
˵ûԴ֮仰൱Сƃ࣬ҲЩ
˴Ҫ˴û֪֮Ǿˣ
ͻȻͣĿһɨ˳˵⻢Ȯӣʵľ𣿿ʷЩЩ˧ǵĶмдϢģ˵ˣܹʷصĶ޼гϢģǶһǫ飬ûж˵˭˭˭ӵϰߡ
ñ˵ǵ̫ʥϣ̫ʥҲǽ֮󣬳Ƕã̫ʥϵȴܹʿ黳ȣʴ˲ſǴʢԼ˭ˣǾġʤ⻰˵˵ÿɲˣ֪Ϊʲô
Ϊ֮󣬽仰ǲʲô£ԼĵԼڳ˵£Ƿ˵ǾԶûǵĸףΪԶڸ׵ı¡治֪ʲôýģ˵ҵʱҲȻ𾴣ҾǵĸףҾǵĸףΪǸΪսǵĹңҴƵİգΪһӣӦиж֮ġ
ǰǮϵǿԼУʲôõóֵģֻһȺΪǼһҪʲôûʲôܹԼķҾǣȱѽ˼ҵ湧άǼ䣬ָڳЦǣǻ⣬ΪԼ˲ҪְڣҶøǷϻֱ˷ҵʱ䣬ô֮ˣǼҲӶ࣬ҿԺȷĸǣ˶ܹ飬ҾԲǽ˵ģƾɶǣǾͲʺѧϰѵ˵ġ
ЩѧԱ˿ΣҪƽʱǿ϶ƴģĻʵͰǰ뷴û֮
ǿɶӽӣС󣬶֮У˭˵һڴ˴ϰ֮ǰնҲǿʤڱֻͣǱʹһЩֶζѡ
ƽصĻֱѾ޷ܵĵز
վ̨ĴǶǳ˵û֮ûмгϢģʵȥʷ˵̸ʮĹǵûһϵ̨ģֻܸҵģûҵģǺεȴˣıŶϣڳıߣܹУŵʱܹաӷŰǾһͷģʲôıߣ֪ǰһӣɵȥҪ˵ĻʹϵĻϣ϶ģ츳ӹɵģôͿ϶Ǻγɵġ
ǵĶӸгϢʤҲֲվ
˻ȷ˼
Ϊȷһ⣬Ϊ˸ĸ˭ϣԼĶܹԼһ֣ѫǲ⣬ܿͻ䡣¬֣ΪʲôôţXǼ岻˲ų֣˲ŶУҺü꣬Ϊĵ̣ҲΪǼ˶֧࣬Ҳ֧࣬٣֧ܹðû̴ڣҪǲܿͻ䣬ôأ
ʴˣǲֺգϣܹǵĶѵɲţΪѾԼĽʧȥģڴ֮ǰԼڽǶһЩ˼ԼӶ̳
ЩʱĻǻȺ֢ʲô£ǵʦʲô£ǶΪǺǡ˵εһ̾һһͲףҹ²ôæڰæ֮гΪǰſγ̣ľΪ룬ȴΪǺǣ
Ҳ룬ʲôֵҺ㣬ʲôݣʲôݣҺǣҳԱ˳ţҲ̫Լһˣô˵ɣȥǵļû˻Ը࿴һۡûа취ҳѧԺĸԺΪѵһ٣ˣҾ̤ţΪһǣҾ;ѹܴԼ˱£ǽľɵҲҲֻϹѡ
һ֪ĻҲӦüӱŬǳȺǣŪǣĺ뿴ǣǾ˵ʵһ㣬ǽгϢҲ٣ҲάңΪʲôҪȺǣ㽫˴ҲõεģҵûаԼϣϣҶӽҵģԼ˵˵ǵĸĸ֮⣬ĵֵñ͵ģ˵Ҫҵĸܡ
ž
һļž
նҪ£˵Ļÿ˶ܹ
û˻شĻȷʵҲҲǵĽĶԴǵĸĸԼҵΪʲôôΪӣӦ÷ǳţXԼҲôΪģǳǽڴ˶ûʱЩ˼ҵĺûУôȥԼһɾͶûУӵܣȥһ㣬ǻ˵򰡡
ðΣЦŵͷܺãҴΪϻشһֽ
̧ͷ㵵Ŀźգǿʲôû˵
յǵȷǡ˵ͻȻͣȻһһٵһǴ
ЩѧԱֵͷȥ


1560 δս
һǴ
ûбΪеݡ
һҵ˵ĽѾ֧飬ǰԸܷǵȻֻᷴΪԼ܌ţǌȷʵ˵ʱ˿̣ΨһܸԵľֻԼĽż⡣
ʲô취أ
ͻȻת̨ȥƃҲ׷׽ĿһȥǶҸյĿⴥɼһúտڣҲСѧԱһϵ̨ףһ˵ѾǾѧԺѧԱԺ֮䷢ԼЧӦΪһˣ޷һԼڣֻǿԼ˲ţҲĽҴƾӢȥңƵİգȻ֪ǳѣҲԸΪ֮ŬʴҲϣܹú÷ʡһ£ҪٸӸĸ
̨棬泯һѧԱһͷ߰ʮѧԱ̧ͷڸ˵֮ء
յĻͬĳħƵãһѧԱ̧ͷˮѾϵϴ
ƽҪһϰһܽᡣ
ƃ鲻Խʵܽ᣿ǰڸʲô
ջͷȥ쳣Թ
˼ѵõЦ
ƃڨڨһЦͷƫһȥ
ֻعͷżѧԱ˵мƭǣʵſγ̣Ҳǰ󿼣ǰǱҵʱ򣬿ԵҲһϰϰǰһ¾ģǸ̸ϰֻϣǳȥߣѡ
⻰ҪǺһʼ˵ЩѧԱ϶ñܴ⻹ֻǼ棬ϰ
Ѿ޿Ҳû̫Ĳ
⡣
յҰźſγ̣ΪҿǣҲΪѧԺûʲôԽǣڳҿԸǣ֮γ̵İУŹνᳬĿγ̣ڲأǲҪҵҾ˳ΪҴƵĽ
΢΢üȻԴ˲ǺͬȻҪҲҪôྫȥѧϰɡ
ƃҲǿЦǵģġ
ġ
պܿ𰸣Ȼǳƃ˵ģƃǻһ˵żǸոںϰܵĴۣһҲԴ΢ʣȻҪҲᲢ۰ɣϾǵĿǳΪѺ١û˵ɣ
Сѵ֮ԾȵĿۺգ롣
յսһĻôھǱīֽ⣬ûЩ͵ͳ˧Ҳ޷չֳδսУڽޱȵҪκսĺУԵò԰ʱѺٽս

ƃЦѺսգ̫˵ˣЦˡ
ʷգ㲻ΪԼѺ٣ʴ˲Ź⽫Ѻ˵Ҫɡ
ջعͷȥһġ
ƃ㶣ЦǺ飬Цڡ
ǲ֪˻ʲô
ơ
ƣ
յͷǵĹ̫ˣʱڵսֻǷԭʴǧﱼϮսܱ˽ֵδսУǴƼп֮ĵˣǵľӹߵ߾ϣѾǧͲλǧʿϾȫûĶˡ
һƃЦ˼ⲻ
ǵȷ״İͼʵ̫һ㣬Ҫһ˹úľ뱲ӣƳһڣδսǵſڴ󣬶һɵĻǰǴ¹Ȼ롢߲ͻʣϿ˵Ѿﵽ˺ڵļޣߣߵѷݱôԭ߹ȥͶʣҲʦͽˣըĴڡ
ôԶľ룬ҪͶʧ㶼û˲ɱ㣬Ҳ
һսǿЦġ
ֻعͷȥЩѧԱʴˣպڵһ֪ʶǵñر֪ʶǵˣǻĽĿǰĺڣ⽫ǷǳҪĿ⣬ҲԴǲδǾѧԺĳԣϣҴƾܹӢپӵͬʱÿʿʡ
ôһǳҪԭ򣬾ܹÿһʿøʳ;һ򵥵ѧ⣬Ųǽ˰ɡʴˣŽʿľӢҲ뾫ӢҲ뾫ƷǱҪΪ˾ŬԱůģǻҪΪʿṩʡʿǰԡѪսǵĹңҲûʸԵıǺá
δս֧֮սһӴĹһ֧ӣһսʼҴգ£Լ䣬᲻ΪǰߵĽʿṩԴԴϵĲǽﵽһٸȥΪһʿṩǵʿԵñȵ˵ͳ˧õʱǽǲսʤġ
յǳƽڳÿһöѪڡ
˵ҵǣҧƃж㽣ϣܹᵽᵽδս
ԣҵôҪѧúſγ̣ΪҴδĽôҪѧúſγ̣ϣҲκɾѧԺκογ̣ڵǡ顢ܣûʸѧԺṩģΨһܹľѧÿһſγ̡
˵ͻȻһתܽ󣬾ͷ
һˮѧԱĸոշڵѪҺֻص˲пʵУĿźգԭŷһУ㲻óͷ
ͣͻȻ˵ǳͷʵҲΪǺãǴʮҪˣʱ򣬴Ҷ໥꣬ǲ룬ʱǵ岮ھѧԺѧôλشǵĸĸָλش
ٶǶԣһּ尾Ȼ˵ĻǻȥһЩ¡һϰھѧԺİ֮ڣǿҪģΪ׺ڵҪԣŰһԭҪϰǾѧԺΪ˺ķǮơеһʷãҲǵĸĸҪΪҺǵĸĸȥﵯǡ
ԣֻҪҲϴСˣѾûʸٻڸĸı£нţҪڽʱյĳһǺѡʴˣٵʱһᰲȥ£׬ȡͣǷµծŶ߰ʮѧԱԻؼҹ꣬ΪǳɫҲҪΪݵ߶߶еǣȻɢʱǾͿԻȥ


1561 ̫ûԭ
һ˷ȷʵûؼңܹһֶͣǸʲôǶԸܣҲܲܡ
˵ûԼҪǰϰģұ֤һܹɣҪ״ɼһǿ˵ȻԼ
ڽˣ
һգؽЩѧԱġ
صᣬǷ޾͸ˣֱӽԼڱޣǾԼҲ޷ȥκˣκ£Ҳκˡ
ΪʲôΪʲô
ʷԼĴϣϴŰ壬š
ûлع̫һ㣬Լô˧ôƽʱˣôִܻ᷸Լû⡣
ܶ˶һͷһ룬̫˼飬Լ£ʵǷˣҲûкҩ
ǵ͵ıƭۺ

˾գ¬λԴʶðλ
չĳǱȭһΪһǧ˵ģ˵ЩǼõģ֪Լ˵ʲôÿʲôӰ죬Ƿ϶ðЩʴ˻صã˵һǸֵҲΪǺãڴ˷ϰǰǵӣλҲ֪ģݺݴһǺĽܽġ
Եͷӹͣ㷽˵öûдҪս˭й˵ЩƳȥնˡ
ʷȴǺգһôҲףҶ˽ĺܣ䲻˵Ҳּ̫᷸򵥴㵱Ϊʲôƶһ᷸أ
ֻ̫ۣס
ִ󷸵ú⡣
յԭǼ򵥣ҰʲôɽݣǶܹԣΪܹԤ뵽ѡΪԼվɽϵģʴվɽϵҰȥܱߵһǵȻһɽСҰŵǷɽ£Ǿѿɼ˻ǵý̤ʵأûվɽϵı£Ӧ̧ͷһɽȥʵǣվڸĸͷϣΪԼվɽϣվԽߣȻˤҲԽҡ
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ҲԵͷ
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΢΢һЦһᰲȥһЩ˵£ñ˵żҵĴСּţ˼ţȵȡ
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ΪͷȻأǶһ㣬ھѧԺѵһѵǻȥôҲԺʦѵѧʦ֮ǻܹܣǵĶȥ˵Щ֮£˶ǱȥˣЩˡ
һλڴ˴ϰĻѣҲӦƾȥ͹ܹ٣ôҪϣѧν̤ʵأײ㿪ʼʵҲѵ֮һңǽѧ֪ʶȥСּܹѧʳƷܹѧˣȥ԰ţѧ촬һЩ֪ʶȥѧȥҵѧ칭֪ʶνӢҪʿҪộһЩ漰·ĻҲҪ˽⣬⽫ΪһʷǳĲƸ

ҧͻȻӻ֣Ҳ˵ˣǷôն׶ΪʴôͷҲΪⶼûɶ̸ġϷǶ˵ɶδսȤǴƽܹһô
˻һЩʱǷſҲ÷ǳ
յͷЦӾӢǾͱһ㣬ΪƱػپôͱ뱣֤ӵսܹ־ȥõװʵʳƷǶģ⣬ҪҽŶӣȵȡ
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ʵ֪¬Ϊʳ󲿷ֶ˭ڳ͢𣿡
𰸣Ҷ֪͢һҵĻǵȻ͢ʳ࣬ǵ𡢹Ž׼һҵĻǳ͢ʳûǶ࣬Ȼ͢ʳ࣬ʳĵطҲ࣬ʳٺ»Ͳ֪Ķ١
ļҵʳ˽˵ġ
ǰ˯ѵĿͻȻһâЩʳϾ˼ҵİ
Ц˿û֣֮ҵģվͿģ֮Ȼ
⻰Źġ
ƃһʱ
ɺ޵ǣյ㵽ֹԸټ˵ȥ
ҲûʣӦõ㵽ֹϾǳУҺѾ͵͵ŵԣֻҪܹˣ㺫ոôҲûȻĻҪո
ʱһ̹˽ںնСֹ˼䡣
գƬ̣ǰɡ
ǡ
ʵʲô£
Цûʲô߰ʮѧԱҪȥ༶һȥ¡
߰ʮѧԺֲɵ벻룬Ƕôȥǽҹأ»أ
ԺգǱҪŽᣬĻǻ᲻һ
Ҳδ̫ãϾǴʮҪԼĶҲڣǲŲὫ˷ˣ趼δǱ뿪ˣԭŶһ뿪ģĻҪһߣĻһ·ȥˡ

һɺԣΪСһ꣬Ӧ²٣ȴû뵽㻹ӣ̫ʧˡ
ǰһףѾ̭ˣһףΪʲôǲأ
⺫ոոջص洫ǣǳСӽջؼңǲһ㣿
վǰԺʱһã
ˣ̱˳ɫΪ
㰵ʾҪңŸոȥͽڡ
СǡֻӲƤͷеһ񣬡ˣСˡ
Եͷ
æǻʼҾǲӦЩطǶ£˵ʲôٲҪǲĻǻʼҾ֮ضûС
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㶣ǡ
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ȵĳԵαԵ׶Ҫ࣬СתһȦǰ˲٣˭Ҳʧ
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С
ֿСԲģһ쵽֪Խȥ鷳¾Խ࣬˼ҵһʼҾĲӣϣǸ㻹ɵò˵ĻʼҾ콫һ޵ѭ֮Уס⣬¶ԺΪ󡣡
˵úã
ΪˣͰԺΪָ㲻ҵĻտĳ٣ѵٵĻô
ǡ
һίʱĸʹ˸ɫ£漴ǣ֪ˡ
һۣһ΢ЦĳźյѧԺǱô
̬Բһ
ˣ
ҡҡͷһ㡣
һ˵ǾѧԺϰô
յͷ
һҵЩˣΪǣ˭Ҳ𣬵ǻʼҾ죬ǳԵͷˣӦøһɫơ
СԼУƾʲô˵ǣ
ٱҪǿһЩɡ
ЦŵͷҪ˵ȷҵҪǿ١
ɱмＸϷ᲻
յȻƤһ㣬һŵ㣬ǶԱȽǿҲԼеΣѾ뵽ԼĸĸҵǴСڸĸı£ҲûʲôۣȱʳҲ֪ߵغҵԣֻҪŬ棬ɹϣǺܴġ
ÿļˣˡ
бĿһۣ⻰ﻹͦĵģΪ˸ĸ˭ϣԼĶгϢ
Ҳͦĵģѵڼұ˿һأǺյãΪʲôҵ˶ϲգǺס֮󣬿Ķڳ֣ҪûкյĻһԽܣǿ϶ٻ꣬ǰһ££
ʱǹܼ˽үˡ
ˣ
Ȼһֻ֣صϡ
ջͷһɣҲҸСӲˣСӵȥȥ˵ţһ·˳ȥ
һίĸں档
ôô⣬վ̨ʵ
˿ðֵô
ŶһǸֲż٣
ȻšһЦ˻꣬żٵĻǾͼʶǸֵˡ
Цŵͷԭˡ
㣿
ʵܲ˱ӵӺһԴ

ϲʲôʱģ
ոջġ
Щýúơ

ա
չĵһۡ
´һǰҪǿ׳ҲǷǳģСʵСû°ɣ
ٺٵ㣬ɲ˵£Ӧ˵ִй񡣡
Сӣºܶ⻰˼С⻰ܸ˵
ҵȻ֪
Цǵÿô¸ҡ
°˺һۣʱһסյ֣ȥ
䣬ǻϢһ£ҹ
ߣ͵ǵģҪ飬ҪදԣҪô֡
ʲô֣
պߵ۶Դκ£Ҷ£Ұ㣬ܵõʲô
ҵܵõ㡣
㰡ôô
ȥġ

ƵҲ̫ûԭ򣬱һףһף㵱ѵӪɲôǵġ
Ծںǵģһƭȥʦǣѵƭպߵ˹˽ǹ£õ˵ҵȻ˽ۡ
°͵ǹ¹أ
ЦɵûͦģҪȥʼҾ콲Դȥ⣬ֽţĻǸѵǣǰ۾ˡǧڣֿԣڵĻֻøңԼúõ
±˺һۣԹʮǲֻ֪˵ʲôʲôǽڵУʲôǴġ
ðǽʮ꣬ɽʲôҲš
һת㣬һ߰
¾˵ĿһۣСһߣǽͻԼһˣСӾͰңҵȻǸһߣʶʱΪܡ
չЦǴ˰
˹ٺٵҲһߡ
ûԭѵӪôǵġԴǵ


1562 ܴ
٩һ±ȥˡ
ףôûлط¥ʮ
صڵ£ʱһӣȻϣͻȻźʵ
ΪҶ¡
ȥ輸ԣոһȲ衣
²ġšһ
նһԣݹȥ½ӹ豭ģůů֡
һԵϣŵҶˣɼҲֻǳ£ôܻǰһ͸
¸пǰҶˣǰãڣʲôնûС
ûҾͲ˵ˣ㴿ֿԣʵȫԸǰһԼǵõѧԺԺֵֵľֳ
һ̾Ҳ룬˭ҷأĸڵģܻǰһͻҵġ
㶣˵õҲе
ʵˡһߣʵʲôţ
ЦôԼҰ
˭Լ㣬ѾԼãȹһȥԺ磬ȥг档
ʼȻ˵ĻҾڼҴ¡
һûô
꣬նæģȥεĹԱ㱨
յҵǺɣûʲôԺúϢһ¡
µôŮˣҲҪ㡣
ûãû˵ʲôô˵ô
µѵ˵ô
շŰ۵ðɣûҵĴ
ǡ
ΨεҡҡͷͻȻʵˣ͹ô
գգۣ
ǾûУվ¹óһľǺľ滹СκУ֮ë£ԼķϣЩʱҵһЩ鱦ΣȻȥ͸Լλ̣˼ҰŴҲǾľ
ۣƵһТ֮Ů

СƬ̣СԺȥҹ
ٺ٣㣬ǿɰˡ
źһĵµ
¶ʱ߳ŭʲôң򡣡

һ㵣Ͳףƨôĵˡ
ֻǵɻҲ
εҡҡͷյʲôţҪеĻԸ׼
Цл˹ģСûʲôţҲ׼ʲô
һ㶣࣬ôûаš
Ц˽궼ûлʴˣҪʲôЩѵĻҿԼȥгǱĻѵдǡ
УԼŰɡͷһȥ󲮼Ұꡣ
յͷ
ڷ¥ҹҵҹɾҪĶ࣬壬򣬶ǷֲƣȻƽʱںյҪ£ҿһԣڹڵʱһҪǣԷֵһ񵭵ˣɲСһƬ˶ǹؾصĳԷ
ҹ֮±㽫Լλϣɽλ̸˻ˣ͵񣬲ܲģⲨ˹鱦ԭɶϡһշ򸾵лҲ֪϶ǳԺ֣֮û˵ʲôóܸˣǵһ˾϶ûеë£ҲǱůͣȷʵǳϲ
ĽôûС
ֱԻŪϽ⣬˿ˣΪҹҲѵõͷӦ
һֱ浽죬ǴӮңպǴңһӮϣֶ֪Ρ
򣬽򡣡
ո׼»ȥͻȻС
ʲô
ȹһ¡
˹ӻֵЩǮˣ͵ҸѹǮɡ
ٺһЦǽβףٶһЩѹǮ
£㻹й̰ĵģûɶǮҪƣѾˣһֱҽ裬ŪҲһ䣬ҲҪ㻹Ǯˣ㻹֪㰡
ͷյҾӮһǮ֪ô
յҪǮ
޼šСԼóȥϽ棬ûɶǮ
յ㶼ٺ»ģôûǮ
ǵٺ»ﹻãƽʱͳԷͲˣ治ɶǮ
üǶĲ˰ɣ
æҶڶǮûɶȤȻĻҷҲôҡ
ԵͷƼȷ϶ĹҪסΪʼҾ죬ǧģĻ;ܻ棬ǼҲȱǮҪûǮĻҪ֪𣿡
ֱͷ֪
յҲûжǮӮȥҪǮĻȥһ˷¥ɣľȡʮ㡣
ʮ᣿һϲǮǲˣȥϽϼպݵģǴ´࣬ٺٵл򡣡

ԭĴһϢǳŨҵģΪҪкܶܶʽģǶòμӡǽʵŻʺȥ˲ݼ棬Ȼȥȡеʽ˽̫˹ȥʴ˽곤ûʲôϢԭһҪȥ߷ѣ໥꣬ڳһҪ빬μӵʱͿճˣҶǳһһͿʼ߷ѡ
ҶϣڳһͽһЩ£ˣȵͿԼԼѣȥ档
ĳö̫ˡ
ôһȺˣûôɣǷ·֮⡣
Щ˾ǾѧԺѧԱǡ
һһʱԼĸְǴʱΪǵİŸۣǷǳһΡ
Ǽˣ뽫ЩˣȻȥǱ߶ѺãҪûãûзԡ
һĽֽϰСƲӣһóҵƃ˵
ѵǻƽȮô
Ļԭ׼ģΪܹʲôûû뵽µţҪƽʱˣȵǵӰӣǶᱩ׵ģнգ˺
ƃ̲öѾ˵ˣ۵ǰˡ
٣ǵʲôɣ
ǹµŭˣүұշżٵģΪȺһͻȻһɣʴ˶ŻǸɣһ굽ͷô죬ǲһɣƫƫʱвôүҲǻƢүһƢˡ
հŵʱҵǵݣЩСɫʶҵЩ塣
㡪
ƃҪˣһǰ
ҵһס㻹Ӷô
ƃҵѽҪִˣ˭˶֪ıӣڴʮɻǶ˶ˡ
ûѡֻ̰Ϣˣȹһ˵
Ǻհŵģ׼ǵΨд
ҵǹµ˵֪ˡ
ǹºһţƫӲʹ˵꣬ȥϵСݣڻ¯ԣžƣ⣬ͻȻָҵ˵ǻɵվŸʲôɻ
ΪĴ̶ѽҵĿһ̾ɻɡ
̲пһѲ񣬡ô񣬵ʲôʱȥ
ˣǻôأ
ֻͷ
һһǹµѲ죬һᰡ
ֱʱ֣ǲŽеĲ꣬ѾǽƣֻֻħѵԣҪö࣬ǶԼǷܹȥ
ǹµҲԳУֱǽеĲ񶼸֮󣬲ŸǷԡ
ҵǾ棬Ŵ룬ڴڳ
ⷹ˻㰡
ƃѾûȥίˣһߴڴڳţһ̲ס޵·ûгԹôζķˡ
ֻһλʮͷϺڳϣһߺȾƣһߺǺЦСּþǷģⷹ˵Ȼó԰
ƃϺ壬ҿ˻ٱǹµÿǺõöࡣ
ϺС޿ĪҪƨǼǵһسɻɡ
̲ҧһƬ壬զ֪
ϺٶȣĻҲǵģһ֪ǰûиɹǵܹʱǰꡣ
ƃһ϶ͷˣǱܴѽ׳СȻϼһҺǵѾ͸ˣѾһ壬Ǵţİɡ
̲еûɶɣôͣôܱҪøһЩ
ϺǺǵ˭˵ûмɣֻܹеļɣ֪νʡøһЩټ򵥵ûҲҪɵģȥͷ̧
ƃǻǲ̫š
ţðɣ¶һơ
Ϻȥǽùľͷڳһϣ䣬žһľͷ̷ֳ룬ǶǸɾ䣬գۼ䣬ľͷͷֳ顣
ƃǶʱԶԣȷʵҪˣҪģ۾ǿöࡣ
ĸǱܴѺѺһ㣬һѮϺ
û˵ǵȷһǴ
Ϻͷһӣ֣ǺǵҲҪ٣°ɣ˼ʮĲǵȻࡣҿǼҲͦģֻҪĵĻܹܿġ˶ĸ꣬ǺѾ
¶ýɣһѧԱ㶣ϸϸĥһϺĻ໥˿ͻȻԼһذˡ


1563 ײ˼
һնҼҶȹģһ죬ҡ۷ǽ̸ĵȫǼҳ£ûһϢ̸۵ʵϵδΪУһѾɳǵȻҪ;ôߣǻÿڳеλߵ˭
һҪһƶˡ
ȻǺա
յȻҲǣΪҲҪԼһĿ꣬ὫЩ˰ųУΪӵܣûԤģֱӳУ̫ΣգֿԴЩ֣ʴǼֽǵȥطϣӻ𣬶Ҿȥնﵱѧͽú˽һ£ʵĲпᡣ
ǶѾͬյҵĺܣ帮Ĵˣһðţ˶ǷҲࡣҪ帮ˣͻġ
һһδҲͰŵĲˣͿȥΣֹӵȥΣû˻˵ʲôΪӣȥҲֱڳְģȥܸпճְλ˭ȥڳⶼʲô⡣
ͬʱҲȷԺΪĵϡ
Ȿǲܵģ˼ôһ壬øʢƾʲôһƶ棬ֻԭ򣬶ƫ¤ţ⵼ϱ÷ǳֻţǡÿԸǶһѡ񣬻֮ìܡ
ʱӢ۾ôһ
ճֵʱʵ̫ˡ
Ҽһ֮󣬻ˣΪִ壬˵໥ȥ꣬ڸĸȥ֮󣬾ͶȥϴҹԲԲһ
ȵһ뿪ˣƷţʱŮҲ̤棬ȵȡңһ궼æûпճ棬ʴԼóȥ档
Ҳ̳š
ƽʱǲڼҵĺûгţǱźڴˣںԣֻҪ˸棬ͿģֵģһҪ˸棬ĻܽӸˡ
һʱվͷǳˡ
ҵ찡ӣôŴһʺһӡ
˫ֱס򣬸߸߾ţͷԼ·ϵġƽ𡱺ͯᰡ
ǺҧʳֱָЦǳϲ˰աŭı飬óľǷŭԷʴûа취ôСֲܴĻġ
㻹һɣ
շ˷ۣϽѾ߸˽
￴һŻˣôŪġûа취ûо飬֪ʱк򷽱㡣
ս򽻸ǣȻԼȥϴ衣
Ÿոϴ꣬һ·˱ͨܵܺСҰˡ
ռææӭ˳ȥֻܵСҰոµ·վţʵС˵СҰ
磬ã
ܼܵգЦݿĹ֣Ц
ã
ǰһ§סСӣѽǵҰ꣬
զǡܵܺٺһЦһ£㲻ô
յһͳȥˡ
Ǽá
ţ
ûûʲô
кº󣬺Ȥô
ܵ˷ܵÿɼʹ죬Ƕûô˯
˵ţ߶߶Ľοģһһ֪գǿ
ʵڲǵǮ£˭ÿģŽˡ
С֡ж׬˴ǮƽʱûпջòװˣûںǮʹͶˣܲˬô
úĽӳϦƽƽ߯ҲˣվҪվ࣬Ҫ࣬Ըűʺ룬»ع껹ȥ¥һǲ̫ʺģʽȴŶԭǽҪȥԺǲ뵽Ұ
̵ܵȻǣҸСҰһãġ
СҰϣͦͷ磬ڼɶȤǻǳȥɡ
ԺöĲǴڼܡ
ܵҲѽǿɻûȥгģźһȥ
Сģ߰ɣյҲǸˣҲĸԣڼһøףɷԼȷʵû츳С޲ͦɰģɾر࣬ԺչˣûͨûȥƣǧıҲܾ鷢ӡ
˳ø̳ۡгǱȥ
һ·ϣڵĵ·ϼǿյģֻżһЩݵˣǲģ൱ڣΪסڳڶеǮģǽھԵࡣ
һ⣬ǳˮַǷ
ȵһǸǲˣһȥȫˡ
˳ȥ˴ԺԳһʼԺȫͣЪĿţվǻ磬ǸݣÿһǱ´ԺòϯλվƱ
⼸ݳ綼ǴͷʼݣҪЩ̽׵ĹԱ
Щس̽׵ĹԱͷؼʶԺһһէģȴ˵лҪţö࣬øʲôƵãкڶվⶼܹܵա
ֵûҪгΪԺֻôˣ⼸ݵĻ磬Ĺ嶼ѾǶгʵгûʲôر豸ֻһ㣬Ǿɣгȫǿŵģɷ֮⣬κξ
ֻ㳡ϵˣŮŮΧһ𣬺Ⱦƴƨò
½С
ֻ幫վڹ㳡һǣʼҾ֡
ԭa֣ʱġ
Ĺ½˹ɫԵЩ
ˣ·ϳһ£һŵġһŰۣ΢ֵĹӸ˵ţִĹ½ͷѽ⶷񣬻Ǻÿɶá
ʲô֮רΪǻʼҾƳë£ĿǰֻǻʼҾеôĹ
һѾ񰲾֣ڴһִڵĻʼҾѾˣȥӣݣҲԵ÷ǳ߹๫Ӹ綼ǳĽ
Կ
ǵĹٷô˴
С
һӸͻȻôûпǳСӣ˵Ǹһ鵱˻ʼҾġ
ĹСӽһ궼أϦŻģҲؾﱨʱ򣬸һ档ˣôأ
aٺٵǵȻ̽׵ģ˳ϵ¡
ĹȵǼҺʱ
aǺܾûлؽˣ˶ǼֲҶˣʶĻô
զʶ񰲾ֵʹǰǼ档
ܷһ£a
⡪ȥ򰡡
ҵȶ֪ⲻûƼô

δ벻仯֮󡣡һλ뷢ڰײӵߣǰƽľ󣬲п
д޹ϣǵϴľѧңרоĵѧߡ
߻վһˣǸУЦδ˸򣬿޵ڳ÷ǳԾΪһˡ
գ
Ǻǣ벻ҲŹյĴ
ֹŹһݶѧ޹Ǻǵ
Բ벻ҲѧȤ
޹Ц಻һˣɶĶĵ
Цŵͷʵǲֶ֪ѧкμ⣿
޹΢һΪѧΪƫī˼룬ܡϽͣ˼Уᳫڼ󣬶ѧеľѧȴᳫѣΪѲܴٽչڼֹֻǰÿ˼ˣǰ˼⣬ҲҽĿ֮һ
˵ͻȻһЦ֮Ҿе˾ǨԵΪΪڻѵĹУؽеߣ߹㼯ƸʵõһΪ׷棬ؽģӶܴٽչ
еͷ֮վĿˣг
޹Цѧȷʵ˸еЩԽܣ˼붼˼룬ϸоĻҲǰ͵ܣΪֽɶоѧ
˵൱ҶѧðҲвٵжѧ֮һΪƳ˼뿪ţһ㣬͢˼ĳ֡Ϊ̫ƽҸ߶ȷٲʢʵ۶ԼͳžԵģΪѧܹƻҵͳΣֻеͳʱԽеаǵͷԡ塢ıҪҲϸܶǿ
峯ʹﵽ۷壬Ϊ峯պͳΣǿûı֤ԼϳȥǶڰյ˼Ҫϸơ
˵䣬һɧ
оĿȥָ̧ȥ֣Ǵ۵ıǺա
𣿡
޹æ̧Ŀȥȵ˱пҪĶడ

飬ã
С硭
Ǻյĵ̣⺫ոոյ˱Χ˹
ҪƽʱҲͷǼ䣬ģ꣬ôҲ˼ϼɡ
飬ˣǵȿСҲ
һŵЦֻ˹ոµгǳľ£̥ϻغռľͻҪģҪӾϸ飬㶨ƺõг
гһΧˣΪܶ˶Ǹջûмг
Ц˵֣ͲҼȥô
ȥ˭ֺ֪ٺٵⲻǸոƺõô͡
㻹˵ȿأŸյãг׼ˣãдﲻ֪ڴʲô⣬Լˣ̫޳ˣŲ⵱ˣСҰСֵСҰС֣רǵϲϲ
ܾܵϲ͸ǵġ
յͷ
˺ĽͲûʺջҪϵܲ
һʱ
Կ
СҰɲϲΧţֱгžˣΧ˷׷ܣж˸˷ܵĹâ
гг⡰С־ͳջǵĸǵߵģڴ˴ͳĸ⳵̥һŨŨĿƼУ̫ˡ
ܵҿ˿룬ôˣˤһӣǶඪ˰磬ҡҾ͵Ȼɡ
æ鲻ԣ
Цˡ
磬гɱ㵱ҪöˡСҰ˷ܵĻعͷ
öʱһϲ
СҰֱ̫һ㣡հҡҡͷӦ··ɱײˡ
İɡ
֣гɶʱеСܿɶȲˡ
飬㵱Ӧý⾭ӪȨң㿴Сӣġ
ЩӸ쿴ֲгŲͬС椳װƣ۲ĺܣǵʱ˵ΨһһҲ˵ʲôóǾͺܲˬˡ
̵ҵȻҲûлûãǷģС꿪ʼܶеˡ
棿
Ҵƭǲɡ
ǲ֪гǮ
ʮᡣ
һ
ʮ᣿
˽һ̫󣬶̫ˡȻֻǶԣͨգǮ̸ۣҲÿµĵнǮ⻹ܵ͹ƵȻи͵ģֹҲһǮҲ˵ͨյĹʲ
Ҳ΢΢üۼҲҪԤƣԤٵļ۸ʮǮһ롣Ϊгĳɱ˹棬Ҫܸ߳ղܹóʮᵱȻе׬׬Ĳ࣬ؼǽгΪݳƷһģȫһ㣬¢ϵģרˣʮǮҲ
ʮ׼ԣǾǰײ˼ۣһǿļˣ׷ӻԾµַڡ
һЩ̼֮󣬶ΪָеۣӵܾǹӵܣôõĶֻôһǮ̣
ȵɢȥ֮󣬺ֵһԣΪ㵱Ͷʱ򣬿ɲǸô˵ģ
ֺٺٵ飬ҵȷһ㣬ٶһ龭ѧµ򣬾۸Ϊʮᡣ
ղˬܱܲҵľѧ˵¡
ѽ
ֵںľѧУᵽҪԶҪù㣬ֻһֵ棬Ҫע⵽档ʴҾ룬гñˣ˾ͶһЩгܻ𻵵ģЩĲҪֻ軻һЩģԽ࣬Ҿܹ׬Ǯ
˵һ㽵ҲΪиˣ֮·ҲǴ۷̿ʼôҲ㽫ҵгԽԽˣȡͨնܹҲҪгҲҼӿɱҪõö࣬ҼһҲкܶԽҼҵĳĳеԽôĳоܹ֮һ۰СгһЩҵĳôҲ޷չ֮Ĺģ


1564 Ǯ
СӻһҵŰ
һȻֵ֪⣬Ҫ֮һҲãгҲգֻҪǳͶǳҼҵģչ£һɹǹģ֪ʷᶼпܵġֲŶͶ̽ŶãҰģ֣ǿ϶ҪǿһЩģΪҪûһԳıߣ֣еɲҶһѣֲͬҰĲһĴܹ¢ϳ棬ӰǲСΪ͢ҲҪó
֮һǳ˲롣
飬顣
ּüҲһЩ󲻶

һֵôأ
С֪ΪΣ
Цǵɲô˵ģȴôˣңʲôأ
æҲ˼ֻҡ
ļЦȻѾôǾĿȥŬɹġ
ԣϲһתٺٵҪԺܹļҲңǾٺҲûˡ
ļԼôǣƣķչҲͬǣƣҪչȭţͱһ
պǺһЦҲǲС
ִϲѣôһ˵̽վܾԤ֮УմӦЩ֪룬˺Ƭ̣ŵ˻棿
յĳ㹻֮Ҿͽ㡣
գգۣΪΣ
ЦǹһܣˣҲñܣйɾĲƸ͵λԣΪܹ͢𣿵ȵĲƸλӰﵽһľ磬ôܹ͢㡣
ֳƬֱ̣ͷл飬ˡ
¹ټʹű˵
תͷһЦСѽͷѽ
Ĺٺٵǣ֮·ǲůͣմö˶ġ
ʵûиǣ
ȻУĹٺЦܶǷԸġ
˼֣аͣӦõġ
ȿȿȣ
ȻĹͻȻһ
ĹͻȻӦæ˵λֳλǵĻ飬顣
ǼλӸ缱æǰеһ񣬡СӼ顣
⵽ǣһŨŨ⿤ģ
ǡ
ʵ
ǼӸ΢΢һ㶣û뵽ôֱӣ֮aæңңǼǵСûʸ뺫ֻǳݺѾãݻһ¡
պǺǵݻңֻܵõһЩãӦöʶʶǲܵõʵʵ档˵䣬ָǡֵҪʶˣӦȥг˿ɶġĹѣ϶Ҳʶʱ棬Ҿʧˡ
ЩϹǰ䣬ǳʧԾǿǣ䣬ȴּ˷ܡ
ȴԼĸǵġ
ȥҷ㡣гԣץгͷԾԾԣȴַǳµС֡
ܵ͵ػͷǺգٺٵ⡪ⲻ̫ðɡ
Сӱϻȥ
У
ܵ͵͵һ֣ȥһȥֻ־ֱΡ
ι㷢ʲôϻ㲻ѧôŵ㣬ŵ㡣
Һ£
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ʱСҰҲгС֣ţˤһҲûɶġ
ţ
ЩոոϹս̸ˣһСֵĳﻹǰ㶼㲻
һֱעźյĴ޹һĻ˻ڲͬ
кǺǵһֱˣƺδԼһȣǵĻ顣

ٺ٣гҲǺﰡ
˴ȦС֣ڲҪշˣһĳɾ͸С
һ߲Ŵ󺹣һߵѧôѧҸѧһǷ㡣ߣȥõϢһ£Ҷˡ

ܴܵ
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ܵܵ˶࣬ײˣǵٵʱ
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ЦΣ
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ǡģǰ˾ͽõеķ䶼Ԥ˵Ҫ棬ûʴûˡ
أ
š
ܼҵУƫƫѡôõӡտЦҡҡͷ۵Ҳ̸ϣ׬Ǯ»ģжˣҪһõꣿ
ŶѧԺʦ
һվ͸û˵ˣһסʲôõģмǲ׼κ˵ȽȥҲڡ
˵ţɧһ˦ͷ
ߣȥõꡣ
ִСֺСҰȥõꡣ
ϣǺݹ٣ãá
ãʵԪûУ
ûУ
УȥСԺ
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ﵱƹģȻʸ֪ԪҵĹүģֻԪҵĵϵ֪£ǹõˣûʸԪҵϵȦڣ֪ԪҵǳУȻҽվ֮⣬ʵʵĴźȥԪյרͥԺ
ԪյͥԺһǳģǼһǶģǮˮһ㣬ʲôϡŹֵⶼԵĸ߱Ƹ
ڣɳϢһƹı㽫Ʋ˸
Щˣ
ܵһŵ㣬ʱӵſӾ׼ԡ
֣һسԷȺȱư
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ܷܵǳĸǵһƣȻԼһɣ
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СҰѾѵòˣȹ꣬Ǿܹȥ߿շˡ
ô죿
š
СҰͷ磬Ԫѵ˷棬Ҫǿˡ
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СҰǳĵͷ
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ջͷһֻɺơξ޼š츻´Ҵҵ˽Ǽһôأ
ŶҸոտ껰磬׼Է˵Ǿ͹к
գС֣СҰ벻Ұ
ɺǰһҲںԣһ˽£ֱ֮ԵԼձȽ׽һЩ
ܵЦŵ˵ͷϾһˣ
СҰֵĵǺƽͲ̫ϲɺԸ
ξ޼ǰһƨϵƼȣٺЦʹѽСԺĿǺöˡ
Ψһվŵ̫Ծѽ˵кôôˣҪ䷹ôæˣˣкҲˣ߰ɣҪҽԷˡ
ɺƷ·ɳһԸʲôߣһԾˣ˶ҲһЩС֣˵ô
ܵãȻĵ˵ͷ
츻ٺٵСɣСǲûдǮ
ɺɫһ˭˵ûдǮҵȻǮϹأⷹǮƽ̯
ΪѵӪǾ֮AAϰߣʵǮûйϵAAĻôѵӪѧԱĵλͻֲƽȣξ޼͵Ļ㵱Ȼģֶ̣ѵӪղ̫ϣʴǳǮҶĺã˭Ҳռ˭ñˡա̴ͣǾȫ⣬ԾͶԡ
ЦһٵʮǮȷҪƽ̯
ô󣿡
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֪Сӵ˼ѵǮ棬ǿúܽԼ׬Ǯˣ͸ӲܸǮ
´ŵգϲһ鷳˵ˣҲǺձȽһ㣬һԴߴٵˣˣ߰ɣȻٹ
ξ޼ŴֵʹûǳԷˣӣǳһ٣Ӧõġ
˵պǺɡ
ɺһĨϲɫֽԱּ˼ˣʲôʲô˲֪ǵΪͲɣɼⱾѽǾһûأⳤǴѽǰڳôҲһ˰ɣĻǵٺ»ǲġ
ξ޼ŵ⵹ǵģ磬һٷͰٺ»ûˡ
ɺƳĽãһǮĽôҲȱǮ
죬ͦ˼ģΪճǮǺոģˬ졣
ЦǿҪõλãԶҲҪõģסҲҪסõģžƷٵٺ»ȴ׷һƷٵǶٺ»Ҳѽ
ξ޼źɺƺٺֱЦ
εҡҡͷӣҾ˵ǡ
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յǷôڿڷż٣˭̸£˭Ҫ̸¾ͳȥ̸ƻա
̸ºãǽվһĿģÿġξ޼æٱʹǾ㡣
⼸һ¾ԼҲУһһģûкȵôʹˡ
㷹֮󣬼˻ŲߣɳϻζţɺͻȻܵܣٺٵС֣˵أ
ܵҡͷȻ׬˲Ǯҽǽ˵ģһҲû׬ʲôǮ
С֣ЦСӳ࣬˵Ҳǲգ۵ġ
ɺƺɵ˵ǲģûǮ
ֱܵĵͷġ
ɺתţҶͶǮˡ
ܾܵҲҪ
ɺƵйȻĻСǾǳһⲻȥִôԾͶǮ׬Ǯǵٺ»ǲõġ
ɺƿǰܵܵģܵҲһֱŵģǮôûνǵͶǮҪû̫ĻǻǿԵġ
ɺ˼ΣָһţʮᣬΣ
룬ԭСӴôǮ
ⶼ˼ѵĹͣɺƽʱȽϽʡ̫Ǯξ޼šǣǮûʲô
ܵþɵˣʮ᣿СּŹÿ¹ʾ͵ϰٹˣʮͶéô̸յȥȵ
һɺƵļϣСӰĵĻʼҾɡ
ɺƿյǶʼˣڳûǮɶҲ治ˡ
ξ޼ŵûǮ˭Ű
ɺƵҵʲôˣֲǲ֪СͺٸǮҳһܼӡ˵ţֿյգҪȥȰȰҵҲͶǮ
շŰ۵Сûˡ


1565 Ȼֹ
ĸݺݵĲ˺һٷּææȥԺ°볡СǽšʤΪɣֱӵɳϣԲĶƤ˯˯һ硣
СҰһ£һţСҰгܵûӰˡ
˵õأ
תۼ䣬վʣ¹һˣĴԵЩ

ţ
Լõ꣬ƹʵ𣿡
ˣˡʮˣˡ
Ůİɣ
ŶŮģŮġ
յͷֵҷˣȥֹô
ƹڨڨС⵨ӡ
ʲô
˫üһӦüᶨԼôܹ׸ĿأᶨһӲᶨģһҪֹң֪ô
ƹãȻĿźգƬ̣ľګĵͷ
Ŷ𣡡
յͷ˫֣ǰȥȴǰƬΡ
ȻͻȻִֻüϡ
ףһһζһ£⣬Ȼ©һЦλð
һͳ˵ԲԲĳϦܺô

飬һ˵ɣ
вУ
ȻС
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ɼıקϵһСС
ô
һµĿǰɷĳ̴˼ġ
̴ոǽϣ鼤գôҳŵģ
յҳŵʲô
̴˵㲻ǵĶӣ˵ʲôôȥѧԺ
յһȥôˣȫҵĳŵ
˼ĵǾϰ˵˵ⲻµȦס
ԩİ
ίձȥŽڼյģ֪ҵΪγ̫򵥣̫̫߳ζˣҪǰԣǱǱƵûа취ȲѰһϰģңҿڶλϣѶ˼ٱ֮࣬ҲˣҲûа취ѽǲţǿȥ˾ǣȫԼŵʵڽɼ
ҲУ
̴˼Ķһ̴ֵۡȲ̸ҲˣѵҲѵˣιʻȥɻ֪ǴʮŪҼһԹûгϢģӻܿ࣬ҹܳԵðô
ʵҧĿĶ͸˿ȫһģԲ֮ҹӲߣ̴֪ǵĴ̴Ƿһ㣬ʴûȥ֪ȥ˵ĻҲ޷ıʲôΪҧڣ˵˲㣬Բȥ˵ʱڡ
ܹǣȴ޷ΪѵӪǿźŪЩѧԱһֱڷźգֻڼ享ջûôȥܣҲԴ⣬ˡ
һ㺫Ҳףʴúǵǣǵλϸ磬СھǣҲȥǿ϶֢ġ
֢
һǰǿǵ֣֢Žһ飬ֵǶһϰӦҲģǶǷ˷ǳ򵥵Ĵ󣬶С˫ȫóϲʴǵһַǳĴѸٰǽǻǷϵģǻģؿܻһ겻񡣡
˼ĺɵûô
֪ʮշʲôӦþͲôˣǵĶӿ޵ǽһң㶼޻˹ȥ˶Ҫˣһûгԡ
˵ġ
ǶֻǱϵģǻǵĶôƤô񣬲ҵ˼ôʡֹϣôܻͻޣҪΪû뵽ʧܣġĶܵǳĴʴҵʱֻ΢˵Ǽ䣬ǾͿ޳ǵᣬ˽εԭһҵģʵûʲôϵ
ˣǰȥɴֻʲôϵ
ϵܴ󣡡յڰһģνʹվƽ̹ĵ·ģʴҵǴƽ̹ĵ·վֻζż򵥣ǲ겻ɣѧЩֻǻгɾ͸УǵĻһȻǶԣܲǻʲôһĶӸҪأ
̴°͵ôںҰ
Ҫô죿հԱ粵һ䣬ֵԲǺƣٹգҴȥʱǾͻˣҸұ֤ǹһǳġ
ģ
ƭǣ̴ְ
̴˼û뵽ջ˵ŵ֡
ʲôʱȥ̴ԼȥҵģҲ֪սӰĸֲ˼ȥʱˡ
ߡ
һΪ
԰գ̴ͻȻһִںռϣŪڼҿûйһ꣬Ƕӳ׼ģôҲǺɡ
һˣҲ͹ˣյҸոѾ˲٣ǺȲˡ
ôҲýǮǸˡ
Ū˰죬ǶթǮģ˭ں˭ѽŭˣ£ǿģǶ˾̸
ɽ
ʵ̴ﲻ֪ʱԴЩѧԱ뺫յȦ֮Ҳ֪ǲصģֻһѹɱ̫һ㣬ֻҪ뵽ЩͷëͺյСӶĺ޲ȥһջĿȷʵǳҵǣΪֻ˵ЩѧԺȥ£ʲôû˵Ҳ֪ԼĶӷĸҲȷʵǡ
õյĳŵ߿ȥ̽࣬԰һ㣬˳ܶһٷϾǰǺͣǰһ
ǰ䣬󱻶վýǴǲ˳ţǺֶõȥˡ
С֡СҰһգڶպձȥԪұ
ףأ
Ԫұշ־ԪĵԪԪڣ˶ڣȫûйգġ
ԪЦǶĵ԰
ĵ԰Ԫڳõ԰֣õģҲĵ
պǱ߹ô
ԪĵǺ÷ɩɩǵĳˣԪұ˽Ӵͣһ㶼ǰĵ԰ȥдˡ
ԪұȫǳԪյ˽һн춼ǸԪյĸϲãԪô˽ˣôܻῼǵˣںûȢԪĵ֮ǰԪǶסס϶ûס԰Ԫҵ˶סʷģǴԣԪҵĲƸԪұʴԪұǴӲӴģֻԪҵ˲ܹ
ѹûмԪգԭһӽӼôĸ롪˾źСԪĵôȸҡ
Ԫĵһۣ
ҵȻԪǷӰôõĻᣬ̫ѵˡĿڲһҲȥݻһ¡
Ԫĵһۣ͹ˡ
ѽҳҲһյģţֽֽ̰ˣʵ˵Ǽλɩɩļ岻ǶǸԪôôԪҹ꣬淢ʲô
ԷĬʵҲҪϥˣӦԪմţźϺ񷨵ģֻԪһ̫ˣѧѧ
Ԫĵû²ıģ㻹ǣ
ıģ
㶣ģı̫ˣ˵ļƬ̣Ȼ˫ĿһѵΪһ£
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ԪЦŵͷϷ㵱Ǿ仰
ʲô
Ǯһʼ죬֮Ȼֹ
һŵԪĿԵü˷ܣԪĵȴһǡ
ƳԪĵڨڨҺˣҺˡ


1566 
Ǯһʼ죬֮Ȼֹ
仰Ԫʱǻδ򣬲ҶԴ˱лɵ̬ȣҵó׵ǮЧӦѾʼˡ
ʷǼǲԭϵĻƽ壬ҪԼĵλһ㣬úãƻಿ嶼棬ƻֻ͢ƶû룬ջǵø˴򽻵ǸˣԪڳȻö˵
ʷǼϣԪҵĹϵ볤ϵϣǲԭó׵ıأëóס
ؼҡ˾ҶѾʼ·ƸҲڼ壬ûǮѰ죬ؾô࣬ѾûʵȥĹ塢ԹأһκܳʱڣãȻУȻҵ𣬸ṩһ·غ÷ѾסԪңΪʲôϵأ
Ԫ˵һҲûдǽǮڷá
˲ôͬ
ʵͲԣ
ջصСԺԪĵǣؼҡ˾һֱӦⱾҲ֮顣뿴ɩɩҴ£ǽ֪ҲסǺαػִ֮ϵʴǽѡˣʵҲûʲô˵ġ
Цŵͷ˵úܶԣʵǺģҲβסǻϣҵĹϵԶԶҪڱףͿˣô
ԪĵбĿƺգЩٷأԪҵ˻㱨£˵һ£ҾӦöԴ˾衣
յʲô£
ԪĵǸңһЩ𡢵Ѿ¶֮⣬ıֹ˽ǵĵ̡뿴ЩΪʲôܹӰƸҲҪԭ֮һ˵ĲƸ̫죬ҲҪ̫أƶ֮Ͻһɣ㿴Сֺͻеһܹ֮չ˹ģЩȴü˵Ŭ˴ļҵ˵ܲеʺͿ־𣿡
ĿһüһûŹ
û˵ʵҲôֻһʼѹȥⳤϾӽ£˵㣬֧㣬ǻ飬˼Ҫ㣬Ҳڳзԣ㻹£һԹ󡣡
ԪĵǵطǾǵȽϴֻ˵в𣬿ҵĿǰķչͷãҺͰնȥ洦ǻܹ̣ΪôչȥΪìʼջᱬ
˼Σ˼ǸõΣ
ԪĵΪǸһգߵ̫һЩ
Եͷ˵ұҲǴ㻺һҪΪԭ򣬶Ϊҷ¥ҵ̫࣬෽涼ûпܵǵķ¥Ҫ޲һ£ƶȸơ
ԪĵһϲԪأ
ճƬ̣ԪҽͰֵأʳԼһЩɶҪȥչʲô
ԪĵûĿһۣɲɶƻӵߡ
ЦˣɶƻֶûһƲ򲻴˭˵˶㣬Ҫʱ˺ͣ˭֪Ҵһ߾ģһγֻѪܸƽģҪó͢Ⱦ֣ɶƻŻʽѡڽôֻΪ˰ǣԪҿգǻӦɲܹȫģɶƻΪĲ϶ûһΪɶƻҪͶġ
ԪĵԵͷìܣҲü취Ӧ԰
յ˻ߵܹĵģǳ͢Σʴˣҵȥ˵ţһЦˣģͲҪ̸ЩˣҽɶûмŮġ

ԪҴһգȥңҲңҿˣҪٶ༸⼸ռٻǲð
ƵǣҾ˼ګһˣϷ˶ڡ
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չһߵ÷ǳã˼ګ൱⣬Ϊʲôһºա
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1567 ʼѾҪˣ
㣬㣬ģ˵ʱɵСģһ㣬ȻĻӰζһ̳̳Ӳ˿ɾͻˡ
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Сּŵ̳Ӳ˻鴫ôҲԲᣬ߯Ҳ·ˡƃһߴڳţһ޲ڡ
˵̳Ӳ˼ȻԱؾãôζǳĽʿҲܳԵ̳ӲˣǶôð
ⲻ̫ܰɣȻľȣ̳̳޹޵ģѽһҪǮ
ǿɲһոԺǶ˵ôҲҪĽҪΪǰ߽ʿṩʵķˣ̳Ӳ˶ûŪǻ̸ʲôĽ

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̴һĨ־壬Դ渡ֳԼſϴĳСѧʲô
ҧһۣģòϣСӱϷʮ꣬УϷù㡣

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ܷܵĺǺһЦԽǼɵ㣬ϷԽҪһǰȥԣǽģ
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Ҳ԰һӻ
չһЦɫˣҵȻȥˣž͹ˡ
վͱسȥˣһǻø·

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ΪеصɽеһϿУϹȥĸʱȵͺոϵʱѾҪӽ硣
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ûǿβѽ
ԪյλҪ󳼣æ²һôϡ
˿Ԫգ̲סָ㻹Բİ
ͳ˧ϰҪôôҲңӦøѽҲᵢʲô¡ϧԪһУӲ˵ĸܣɲôã׼ʱ򵽣㵽ˣǾͲˣȻظңҸ裬
ԪպǺǵ˾մԲӣʱ򣬺ͿģΪ˾ˡ
˵ԪѾն࣬ʲô취Ƚβ˵ɡ
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ϽĿȥĿ˸ɫ쳣
ֻһȺԱйоصĶΣģģǳΪҪܹ飬ûܹԼͶŵ벻ڣܹʤҲս˼룬Ҫһ㣬Ⱦ͵˶ܹƶһĻӿ϶Լ뷨
ֻ̫һ㣬ûй۲ʮܻת򶫱棬ȻӶǱ߽ϰĵ߷
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Цŵͷԭӣѹַɵôã
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óһӵݸɡȻСҰǰȥΪѾ˹ȥ
úһʮܻѾȫȫ䣬ԱڿյųĶ飬ļġ
ĿɨȥԵЩ죬Щ˿ɶӾǧѡ߶޼ȻϤÿˣŰδЩ˷·һƵãĮҲû̫ĲȫûСҰֳɹ˷ܸУѵȫһʼҾҵʱ򣬸˵ĸоרҵǳǳ˻
ЩȴɽҰһ㣬Ŀⶼ˸е
Ҳڴǣ룬СҰ˵ùȻûѵ˷ȷҪǿҡ
Ҫ֪ԪڻӣȫԪյϾ֮ߵצѵģһ𣬺ѲΪһڶԴİǶѪģŲ㽲ʲô˵ˣ͵ô򵥡
ʱԪǰЦǺǵ˾գ飬½ҵҶѾˣ˶ҪûµûҾˣĺӻһȥˡ
ѾǶ߰Ų˷ۡ

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Ԫռ˾ѽ˵˵ãֻѵһܷˡ
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ܵ˺Уܵôɲؼҡ˾ҡ
ιգǰ˭ģԪҡ
ҵȻǰԪңҲŲˡպһֵ磬ҪˣԸҲÿһˣΪûа취ôûа취ԪأҪԪ׾٣֮Ͱˡ
Ԫպߵβ֪մӦôҽͻΪߵһʹģʱӦţȥʹź÷뿪һݣǾƲȥΪԪҵġ
⻰ڣǾ;˵˵óǴ˵زүү
ûܵһʵ֪ԪҪôˣ治ȥԪҵ鷳Ҳ÷ѽԪοˣӥǲŸոʶѣҪ뿪ǻѹġֻС£ûбҪֵֵز㿴вӦѾ񣬵ðңңҲֻпյʱУЩ˵̹٣ĻҲҪϥҲὫֵ̫һá
ҲͦģСӦҾͲҪܵԼˡԪ˼Ƭ̣⵹ǿԡ
յţȣɱˣңĻҾðʷǼëѪ޹飬һеġ
Ԫ˫ĿԲŭźգҪĻԪվͲǼҺˣǼȮ
ֵģҲɵôڴҶãֻҪԴϵľͿˣȫвİôŶһΪṩĻǷɵø߸Զ
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˿ʵҲǳͬ뷨Ԫѵ滹Լһףѵ̫ʺѵԱԱ͵ʺã͵ӵĮ顣
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1568 
齨вڱеģû˿赲Ϊ¶˾ģδҡκһ޷ܷеջȻĿǰ֮⣬˭Ҳвܹ𵽶ãǣþɳţвܹսøӷḻֻҪõõһܹЧս˼ǳʤ
ںնԣвֻΣΪ֪£ϣǣܹҴʶƼҪԣӦõϣǷǳõ

ڹԱسһ̽ףТҲϣ볤Ա߶߶ܷس
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ȵսս֮󣬺ղЦǺǵ֪ڿÿɿģ


1569 Ǳƭ
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Ͽεһ仰ͲûнЩѧԱʿޡ
⿪ĵ˵ؼôһʣܿĵô
ŶǸǸǸЦЦڹڼ䣬ڽܳͷٿҲ
ǹİ
һѧԱǸŭԣҲ׼ǿճֵʱ򣬾ѾԼһƹˤĲˡ
Цڼ䣬һ÷ǳǳΪʲôΪʲôô򵥵ĴҶ᷸ϾҴСôĻǣһǻþԲԣ
Ըֱİʷ޾ȵզ֪
յܼ򵥣ΪǱ˸ƭˣÿƭ˶֢״ҽΪƭۺ֢
Ǳ˭ƭأ
ȻҰպЦǲ񶼻ûװɣ
һѧԱɵˣ
ʵǲǱƭҲϾҪģǺͻȻô̹ףܻš
һ壡
ЦǴʱһ룬⻰壬ڹϵġ
һѧԱ𾪵Ŀźա
յΪʲôһ֪룬Ϊû˻Լ˵˻ѣڳôûˤӵ£ֻһܣûаġʵˣΪʲôһϣΪǽڣѹܴϣǲҪƭᶪҵ
ʷ޼ΪʲôҪƭǣ
ЦҪȥʶԷΪʲôҪƭ㣬Է㣬Ҳûκ壬ΪԷƭ㣬϶ɣӦöԼΪʲôϵŶаҲ֪ôȥˣûҵ˵˵
ҵڻ뵱ʱֻ˵һѣ̸ƭϰôΪǴĴ⡣
ԡ
̲С
Ϊ̫ˡ
ԡƃ
Ϊѧղ
ףʷޡ
ΪΪǴ
ȷ
մ˸ָĿ˰ʷһֵ׼ȷ׼ȷ˵Ҷѧǲʴǻϵ
ƃȵѧ
еҪֵǴͷһµǰŶΪӦôʲôʱ˵𣿡
ѧԱãȻҡҡͷǲǲ֪𰸣ǲĺʲô
̾Ϊ˿ǻûףʵӦôѧԺźſγ˵𡣡
ЩѧԱǴľ
ⲻܰɣ
һ仰˵ΪʲôϵˡⲻܰɣΪпܣܾͲϵˡ
յʵҲԷƱΪҪƭǣҲ˵ſھܹƭǣǵûһЩġʴڰźŵĿγʱѾΪһϰ׼ˡڡѺ١֮󣬽ңƥ𣿵Ȼƥ䣬ǳ֪ǾƲѧſγ̵ģĸǶ뽫Ѻ١
ǳʱǾѾҵȦףңһƺõģͻȻѪΪڴ֮ǰѾѧѾǳˣҳֵʱǾͻҪǰԣһƵϰȻҲͻ̡
ʵҲֱչϰΪʲôҪô๤֪𣿡
ҷ׷ҡͷ
յܼ򵥣ĳУ޴ˣԼڿӣȻ󽫶Էƽȥ΢ˣὫԷڵĿУˣöԷԼȥڿӣȻԼΪԶԣκ˶ΪԼԼڵĿӵУһʡģֿٵĴﵽĿģܹ⣬˵ˣ

һĬףΪʲôǻ᷸ô򵥵Ĵ󣬾ΪԼڵģǵȻòκ⣬ǺͻȻҪģֲһˡ
վƭǸԼӡ

Цŵͷ
޳ܣ
һѧԱźա
˫һŵƻΪֹ
ʷ޾㵵ѵ¾ͲƵģ
ȻƵġյֻϰѵϰֻǰһ¶ô¿ܹɵ£ҪȥǸ¿һǵĸΪʲôվ̨һ仧˵ΪҲЩϰΧڣͼġ겻ɣΪѧղûжĹϵɾЩѺСһܹɡ
ʷǷǳʳ⣬Ƶֻͷ
ҵԼΪʲôҪȫأ
յҷŲѾ˵ô
ҵ㵵ʲôʱ˵ģ
յ𰸾ΪȷʵܰǵĽڡҵְҪǴ޵УǶ֪ԼǶôܣǵİռӵпռ䣬ôȥҵȽİ֪ȥˣȻ֪ܽʶ䵽ǵ档ԣҵƻֻǵҪϰΪֹ֮ʵģڲٳ˵Щȫģƭǵġϣ˽ʵԼҲҪٷͬĴǵĽڣǵĵˡ
ҵԸƭǵġ
ƃһίֹš
һ仰˵˴ҵƭֲƭƭƭ̫ˡ
ƃͬѧʵǲпġպǺһЦֵǵˣҲҸϵĵһÿΣϸ˵һÿҸϵĵڶÿΣἰǵ£ΪǣǶԵһÿεܽᡣʲôѧ˵оԷΪʲôҪѧѧأƣ֪֪ˣսʤܹĦоͳ˧˼ܹڲ֮أҪõѧشҡ

һѧԱ˵
հǿ϶һ£ΪͨѧôͿ׼ȷԤδ
Ԥδ
һѧԱһ
ĺˣ
ȻûȻϰģôΪʲôҿ϶겻ɣǶܹɣôҰһʲô壿
ѽ
ƃ˫ĿһĵطΪʲôոҿ϶ǻ᷸ش
ЦΪ˽ǵԸ񣬶Ϊʲôܹ˽ǵԸ񣬱ϾֲǺ졣ΪҿǵǵĳǶ붼ãסүүķĴ󽫾ôҪ룬Ҳ֪С֮Уһ˵ԸĪĹϵǵǵԸð֪ñ˵һ˳÷ǳǳ󣬿ǵߵ˶˵˧ö֮ҲԼ˧
ǾֻУߵ˵ȮӣȻҲˡʵ㸸׵ѵǿүүģǿƴģֻүү㸸һѣܶ˶ûᣬͺñȺܶ˶޷һⲻǵ츳ǡ
ҪסȮûжĹϵǲȮӣջŬֻеǹʱ仰ܹ𵽽ЧҲǺܴ󣬵ں޳ɾͣ仰˵ڳǺǵĸס
һһŹع紺һð˳
һأҲ׻Ȯûɶϵ
ԹյΪʲô֪һ겻ɣΪѧԣ˶һ۾ͷϣʴˣֻҪѰǽ£ȻͿȻͻˤʵֻҪǵͷܹɿ
߰ʮ˵ʷ޵
һǧǱһʧķΧڡ


1570 ˲ѧ
һѧԱ㽵ʵѧѧҲܹԤδ
ҲĿźգܹԤδǱһкηأ
ȻǶ˺յĻ
ΪʵͷԼϣǼǳԲǴ򰡡
ǵÿô塮ѧáʵ塣˵ֵԤ֪δѧ߰壬ǻǳѧߣôӻѧʵͱ˵ԤδˣȥǶῴסѧĻ֪ʶǡ۲졣ѧĹ۲죬ǱҪϸ΢ܴκһϸڣһӭǵĿܾͻʧܡϸСġѧеĹ۲ĻûмǴĻҲҾѧԺУ棬ûȥ̵ģֻҪǶҪõϰߣôȻܹ۲΢֮ôǣǲѧġ
˵䣬ߵ˰ʷԣͻȻͣ˫ֳϣǰ㣬Եͷ΢ЦĿŰʷޣʷͬѧҹ˿ǲ浽֮󡣡
ʷ޾㵵ô֪
ָָǰ
ʷ޵ͷһǰһЩģһ¡
Ҳƫͷж
յʳõ緹ͷˣվϾʵһζӦ֭ûв´ĻӦ˵·ɵġ
ʷ޵ڳ͵ʱûעŪȥġ
˵ûЦŵͷΪͷˣһߴæ·һ߳ԣȻûעڴ˹У˵䵽·ġ
ʷ޾ȵ㿴أ
ЦʵҲŸյãⲻҪҲ֪
ҵҲпųԲСŪȥġ
յųǰģüԵģ˵䣬ҲǵϣǰңҷѰʷͬѧʱһ£ɼ֪ʳãÿӼųԣûе֪˵Լϡ⡣
ֿʷޣЬҲûϵá
ʷ޵ͷһһЬɵġ
յɼˣæ֮䣬ֻϵЬ
̲е֤ˣҲû˵˿˰
ЦһסĻȷ޷жϣѣѣ㶼ϴˣڴϣѵôɼǶˣ֤Ƕ˯úѧԺûŮˣǼ˳˿˻ܸʲôѵҹ
˵˶٣⣬ıָҿ϶ҵĲ²⡣
̲жʱһ
յ˵ʷ޵˿ʱֵķǳ顣
̲е˭˵ģ
֡
ҵ֣
̲ʶ̧˫˿ܸɾѽָףûա
պǺһЦϵһСӣ㿴
̲п˿ûʲôġ
ѧԱҲһһСѽûд򿪣˭֪дʲô
ָµǡ
ѧԱ΢΢һ㶣ֻǾģ˵ʲô
ս͵ʵǺ±֪ĳЩ£ʴ˵һʱʶʶڸԼ顣̲зŵķϣʶģ֪˵ʷ˿˵ʱͿʼԾھŪǣѧУһǳ͵֢״Ҹҿ϶˿浽ΪʲôǻôΪ粻Ҫ٣Ϊ㹻ʱϢû뵽ˡ
ҵǼʷǵ飬֪û˵˸ϽͷԼ
ʱͷ˿˻壬ֻû̫ѡ
ջ৵һ˶̧ͷ
̧ͷֻ֤顣
һʶͷ͵һ룬ͻȻӦһȡ
ղǺһЦһ̨ȥһѧԱϣܹԴΪ˵ѣǻĺܲҡ˵䣬̨ϣתǵѧͨϸ΢Ĺ۲죬õϢӶȥжһ˵ĹȥδѧѧǽսϾܹϵлȣʤҲü򵥡⣬֪һŮӵ˼һҲü򵥡
һѧԱһѽѧܹսϣҲõ档
һ˲ѧʰ
鲻ԽĻԼճΪѧʦӵұǴࣼǿлҷĳ
̫ˣ
Ҫѧѧ
ž
һָ
һѧԱȻѣЦѣϿΡ
ֻһѧԱ䣬ͨ죬ӺյУ֪Ѿ룬һĵĿźգ·һȶ˵ĴŮ
ڣ
ƃͻȻĵһ㡣
̣̾ģǶġû
ǣ
ƃһڣǲѧѧͲٱٷϻϰĴأ
Ȼᡣյ»Ҳô򵥵Ŀ
Եûʹôƃɥ
պǺһЦȻԡ
ʷ޼ǲ֪ڶһؿΣ
յʲôʱпհɡ
ҵͻȻǲ֪ѧαǣ
ղʵˣǿô
ҽһ㶣ǼͬѼôһ˵ǿӵĵӸݿԼ֪ʴ
һΪϣñʼ
һ㶣漴һӵĿա
յ˼ܼ򵥣αд
ģûмģԼӱȡ
ʲô
װƣջûз˭

ѧֻһѧԱӽ߳ſĵЦݣǹ״ϿǾǶȼѽ
ιιιǿ쿴쿴Ǳߡ
ʲۣʲô
⡪ôܣ
ʲôأ
ʱ·һֹ̾ˣոճýҵѧԱĿɿڴŽѧ¥ߵߵϡ
ֻһȺ˹ûʲôؼǺջվм䣬ʷǾͬһΧںԣ˵Цġ
ôܣ
ǰЩ£ֱ޷󰡣

ٽ칫ҵһǡ
ǸǸøλƷˣ
̴ԼǴִƃǰζš
ֻһŴȯݺݵϡ
ôܣվҶӳʲôҩƃһŭ
̴ЦǶ֪ɣǺĵطܹ֮ǣһ̣ܹóϷ֪ȻԺôȥôѵӪҾѾʶˣټ֡
㲻˵
ȻΪѽ
̴ĵеĴȯЦú϶ܲ£ˣ񳤰ĿͦģŪһĲװ


1571 ģ
ʵ̴˵òԣǺı£ֻǻѣһǧְֺޣǾԲһϸǧ
ȷǺյ·ģһͽȻ΢Ц˼䣬ʱͻãϵ۾վǰ
ոеʱһǰ͸˵ôһ仰Լ΢ЦֵǮȣôħߡ
һ仰ջøǱ־룬΢Ц̫Ļö֮ͻòֵǮʴξˣԼİ칫ҶûȥϾαûУ˵ڲôûŮѧУ԰ʲôֵýġ
ѾѧԺʦǿ˻ᣬѧڵĿγ̸
ĿγҪȥ࣬ȥѧʦҲͰˣ㻹ɿγ̣ƨƾʲôɡѧڿʼÿ¶ҪпԣҿԳɼֱӰ쵽ǷܹҵѾųȥ˭öҲãҲգûûҵϣЩ˵ϡ
ѵӪĲͬѵӪҵῼҲܹģΪûлʼҾ죬ٲҲЩòҪǿ࣬ƵĽǶţëʴˣҲҪȱģԼơ
ҲɺյĻϾյǵĳ赽޲ɱĳ̶ȣܹıģɼھѧԺͦȨģǵĸҲﲻʲô
ʴˣһǶǷǳؼһ꣬ӺѡϿΣҲѿһ
ǲƵˣΪǻгʱȥѧϰʼѵӪѧԱѾҪűҵԡ
ͷ񰲾֣ǵȷ񰲾ֽµɣԼѵӪѧԱҵһ¡
գɲⰡΤۼˣЦǺǵ̶˵ѵӪΪѾëȻһЩţҼѧԺѧԱĲ״Ȼ־õΤǻ˵ġ
պܲˬĿų̴˵ô͵ŵҰ
̴קøƵãϳ̼ΪĴۣզˣʵѽղȥѵӪģ֪֪ѾĻ̻̣ҲŪһϰ
պһô룬Ҳ̫ˣôǰ֮ǰٸǰϰǶѾ׼ǻʲôԡ
Ȼħ̴һڣô
ʵϰ
ʵϰ
յͷǴǳʵϰҲ˵񰲾ֱûʼҾȴѲӣϤһ»ʼҾְѵӪϿҪõĶࡣ
˼Ľͽ˶ѣ
Ȼյܾ˾Ĵҵʵʵһˡ

̴Ƕʱðһͷ亹ҪĻľˡ
΢΢ü˵ģǼٵģ治һĬˡ
ոæɫȻģ֪Դкο
ӳƬ̣Ҿͦõģֻʵ˲֪Ǽ١
ְҵϰ߶ѣǸһЦ
Τ۵ʵϰĻֻܰڳŵǱȥһҲҪٹ򡣡
յ˵ͷ
ӵȻĻǵýξ޼ЩڵĻʼҾȥһ꣬ḻǴѧԱЩѧԱܹѧࡣ
յаҲÿҲ̸ϡ
̴ʵ֪ʲô㣿
յһѧԱҵǱڸؽ־֡˵˶٣ҽ񰲾ֽǲһʼҾȥݡ
ݣΤüǻʼҾŸյݾڣͱȥⲻ̫ʰɡ
յȥһƹ㣬ģǱҸһЩطٸϲ񰲾֣һЩҵأΪǲҪΪʲôҪһǣⷲܵһϵܻʼҾΪʲô
;Ϊҵ෽涼ҪʼҾ죬һļϡʴǰͰȥߵĻ÷ǳѣ谭أӦýķһЩҵءݣѾΪϵתվҪʼҾ죬ֱݽһ񰲾֣ȣݻǳӦ谭Ƚ٣ǶԣǿΪģܱչһԴ𳤰;أⲻǵƺõģ˳Ŵ˺ȥƹ񰲾֡
̴ԵͷֿΤ۵ˣΪأ
Ҳͷ
Τ۵˵ĻĹȥٺʲˣΪǱǽʿ壬Ǳ߷ǳҲܹ°빦
ҡҡͷҲôΪ񰲾Ǵɷɷ׷Ĺǰ°빦ĻҲ˵ǽǷ²ٵ飬ִⷴйΪѵľء
Τ۵ڵûκĻ㶼ѣﻹʸȥ̸ġ
ӵղҪʼҾģǵطɣɷȽ飬ǻҪɷʲô
̴ѽһ⻹򵥣һһˣһܷʼҾڽ㣬ܹ໥ල
յҲ޳ܾ˾˼ǿʻʼҾ˼˭ԸȥģȻϾȥôԶĵطҲÿǻʼҾ
̴ͷУôɡ
𿴳̴ƽʱ̫£Ҳ⣬ǳӡ취˵ĻΪҪû춼ᳳ̫һΤǵ͵ĹԱ˼룬Ƚɣȥ̸ϸڣӾԵķ˼룬һףȽضã̸ģ޹زɷԲںԼ棬ôôɣ˼Ӱ죬Ƚϵ͵͸¶Լ˼
ʴ񰲾ֵĻǳ̴
֮ҲԤʾ񰲾ֽ÷ǳæµϰ£µ±䶯ȵȡ
ЩվͲˣֻ𿪻ᣬװ߱Ƹ񣬶ûͣʵǷǳģҲȽ˽⺫գһʹûоְ񣬼˵ڲ롣
¹ټԺ
⺫ոճ񰲾֣׼ʱһͻȻ˹һ
ƫͷһȵԺʿôأ
ԺľƷԺʿ
Ժʿæ¹Ժġ˵ţͻȻǺЦ
ôͣʲôȰǶģյЦʲô
ԺʿЦһֵģϻԺ㲻ǷԸоµ÷ɴô
һĨϲѵ
ԺʿЦֱͷ
ջط룬һǿɰˣһϵȻԺȥ
ԺԺʿźֱѧԺ
¹ѧԺվŲˣ˹ѧԺľƷԺʿǣ硢ڡ
ˣ
Цŵͷ
Ҳһֵ˵
һָ㿴
նһɫ־ϲֻϷһƴľģͣǳľ£ûʧϲкҲǵǹѧԺϰģ͡
ⶼܷԸģ˵ܹԼɱ
˵Ļղ̫ţˣ
⣡
ֻһӽ洫
տȥֻڽ棬Ƥһ׹
֡
úǲˬΪ㹻ԻˣҪ߹ȥˣѽһƵĴƵǰ
յ˵ģŪģ
ݵͷ
Լɱ
ֵ˵ͷ
ЦСӳడ
ɬЦЦ
㶣ʵģɼվһЦתܵ뷨ǳãͼֽģͣٵʽһױ׼ܹΪǽԼǮҲܹճĹǽҪôǰ뵽ʲôȥŪûгɹ˷˴Ĳϣģ֤۵ĿԣȻȥʵ֡
硢һţһ˼
Ժʿǵͷǣܺն˵ˣǾ͵ȥ
ݵչʾһķ
ݳԺʿʹ˸ɫ
ţⷴӦһֻģͶѣԼһ»ô
ίĶˣ·һ㡣
ˣˣˡֳԺʿ˻֡


1572 ĳɹҵĳɹ
ꤡ
ֻԺʿסģҲбķְ֣ת֣ͨϵͳСת֣СתͨתᣬתϵĴӶ֣ÿӶ涼ɴɴģԭɴͬġ
Ϊĸɴķɴֻһɴˮƽ̶ģǴֱģʴһֻܴһɴɴǴֱġ
һĸôҲܹٶıҾԲֹô࣬ΪķɴܼªڲϺƷ棬϶ԺרƳģ¶һɴԺŪһҪȰռҵķɴöࡣ
ղĿ⼱
ЦǺǵ⻹ֻģͣܲĸɴ
ޣ˭ģ
ܣ
ݣСӿ԰ôˡճݿ
ֻǺǿЦЦ˺һӡ
粻ǺһЦʵǱ˵ǵ㲻ʲôѽֻҪɴ𣬱ܹͬʱɴΪʲôȴһֱû뵽
ʵܼ򵥣ΪǰСũöǼͥʲôǮַɴҪõϵͳ̫ߣո𣬶޷𣬻̸ʲôͲͬˣ֮Ԫĵṩзʽ𣬲ңȫַɴ
ʵʵⶼΪϻؽĳڵأҲ뵽ġ
硢һաҲһ±ƣ˻
ݵ㽫ĳʱɴͱŵˣʴҾ뵽ô
˸ź֮ɫ
ǡ𣿡
š
Եͷ
չһЦ˷ܵ벻ҲĹ
һ⣡ü˼š
Ц飬󹦳㻹ʵѽɲǽɴǰѧѽҪ˵򵥣ɻǲ򵥣ݲ⶯ۣҲ벻һ㡣⣬Ҳֻ˵˷УҪĽΪķɴҪһЩʱոĽ
ͷϵ˵öԡ
ֳźյ飬û˷ɴˣܹһЩḻ֮˹æò˶ʱգǱܹзֶටķɴ
Цⲻʲô⣬ģѾܹΪǴзʡ˵ţܱߵľƷԺʿȥǵӣ겻Ҫʲôƥޱ֮ڵġ
ЩƷԺʿЦˣ̫̼꣬ˡ
⽱̫˻ۺģǿԸѽҪǮѣǷǮûô
ටɴʵⶼǺһŲ߻ģģ;Ǻġݻרҵһ˵ǶටɴպǹĳģϣһЩһһէı飬Ƕ翴ġȫԻͼֽȻȥɴֻͲϲôʵûа취ŻῪڵġ
ϲñȥ룬ʲôŪģֻ˵һѧֻһ˵ĶǴҶûʲôˡ
ѧѧӶܹзĶѧܹ󣬲ܹġ
⣬֪һ˵ǷǳСģɲϲһ˴һȺ£ûκ˼ϣҵǻۣŻиķǲ˶ģû̫ĹϵûѧĻͲܷ
ĲҪһʲôӮȡҵͣⲻǴκοУΪܹƭ˱ˣƭԼ֪ЩģҲŪ̫ĶҪҵǻۡʴˣʹĳʲôҲǳ͵ȥ԰ڣԺԺʿĶͲĴΪԺĳɹԤʾѧĳɹѧǿǻ۵Կס
þ̫ˣһҲϲͷŪúվΣϣԺƣֱݶĬĬţûʲô˹ע
ڹѧԺһա˳
ᵽģ͵ʱ̫ʷƺлҪ˵Цʵ
㶣һЦʲôӲķ۰
繰ֵԸꡣ
ڰֵңңֻЦݺȤ
Ŷ
֪ΪҪģô
˵Ϊ˽Լɱô
֪ΪʲôҪԼɱô
üҡҡͷ
ΪԺУǮûǮãʴˣģΪԼԼǮ
˰ΣЦԭˡ
ҲһݾʲôϷҲԸΪһЩֵֹĶҲǷǳڿ죬ֽλͼֲֽ̫Ը˵˸е档
յҲҵȻȥ
һͷ
ͻȻŶģͣʽǿҲ˲ǰݽΪ׼ȷݸġ
Ŷһϲ𣿡
ԣѽһֱڴһյĵʵĽϡ
ͷΪгΪԺ˴ʽȴⷽ޹ףЩ˰ĸɲԸһֱմ⣬ʴ˵ʽһѧԺģ͡
ǺǵһصоУԼҲǳѽоѧֻۣҲȥǳеˡ
պǺЦⱾȾ͵ˣ֮¡
ЦɱǣԼҲǹ١
պǺǵɼҵľ̸֮

ֳЦˣ飬ĿǰϱóУӵҪǹܷڽ곹׿һγĺӵҪĽģǮ棬ǲҪġ
̵˵ǹҲд㣬Ϊҷѧ۶ӵǰ޷⣬⻹£ܾ
յһϣϣ
΢һǹɣϵĻֻ»
ЦǾͷˡ
ǺһµĻôܾͻ˵Թı˽˵ճôǮӵΪҪˣ϶һЩ鷳ġ

硢ڴڽ̸һʱձȥݵСԺ
ʱԺеǰ̿ʺ͹ֽϻţ鼫棬Ǹ˯ݼֱˡվһԣϸĵİһЩϡ
飡
ͻȻ֣΢΢һ㶣漴æ
ҲתͷһĿźգ·ʣ
ͷʾǰԣЦʵܣԶСоô
û
شļˣǳݵԸ񣬶˵һֶۡ
Ц˵̫ʷ㣬㶼Ը˵Ϊʲô
ݵ㲻֪ô
յ֪ǲ֪
ݵΪʲôأ
㶣ЦСԭһֱڰϻ
һĿ
εЦ⣬ĵͷʱҪ˵
ݵͷ
ʵ˵ģҲҪΪһЩ˵ҪǺѵģҪѾױȵ츳ܹɣƷԺʿǿ⡣
ʵʲôҪҰæ𣿡
ûС
ǡǺðɣæȸˡ
š
վһۣȻȥʵҪ̫࣬ΪŹտݵʳܲݣģ洦ķǳ⣬ͺñĳٶҪˣҲֻǡšһҪڱϰȻĹҲڰ


1573 鲻ôõ
õꡣ
ɶ칤
֣һ߲Ŷටɴģͣһ̲סΪ֮ޣһʵ֪ɴǺ˷ģ
ЦƷԺʿŬһ˷ġ
ԪĵҲǾϲĿźգ벻Ժôܹ
Ժ˵Цʱֻµǵ޻ëδϰټܶටɴѾϯԴ
֣ùһЦ
Ԫĵģ˼Ȼ˷ɴܹװĸɴôٶӼҲ޷ɣ
ѽôû뵽
֣һϲҲ룬⾿ܹӶٸ
¾ĸɾԭȵİ˱֮డ
յͷģھУҲ֪Ӷٸ⣬ֻһģͣܵǷɴҪǾƷԺʿ̫ϤɴϣһЩḻķɴȥԺæơ
Ԫĵⲻʲô⡣
֣Ҳͷ

սͳ嵥ϣƾģͣǺİɡ
ԪĵһЦģ͵ԭˡ
չһЦȻǵȻùƶȻһƳǲ⣬˭ȥģ;ͲҪķ̫Ĳϣȴǻ۵ĻҲǻۡ
嵥治һ㣬ģ;ֵۡԪĵ֣жûּۻּۣĸ̣㶫Ҳȷʵ㲻ʲôǳʹĵͷӦ
ֵ֣Ƿɴֻܹ֯ޡ顢ë޷ڷ˿
յԺȫȥоĻĿǰۻҪĽǿģҾôʱǸĽ˿ߵĺʱ
Ԫĵһ㶣ΪȽĹߣҪʱģ
֣ҲһĿźա
յ޻ëҶеģҴƵİǲЩģҪǾǲһ£˿ٶҲıð͵ķ˿ô˿ĳɱȻήͣôպķѵʱ䡢Ƕö࣬üǮȴҪǵûҪͣ¼۸һҲǣһĻôյ٣ǳص⡣
ҲΪʲô޲ǰ͢ƻȫþΪңҶެȵشĳھΪ޲ĵһήԭھ󣬴ӶԭҪԭյô۸Ȼ½ͻ˺յ棬ó׵Ļܹ֤ԭڲľʣά־ļ۸񡣡
Ԫĵͷ޲֮󣬳ľ۸ȷһ½ǰƻʼ֮󣬾ļ۸һ·ǣһ䣬ǲӰʲô
֣ɫصҵûпǹ˵ĻԶò˸ΪȽķ˿ߣ
ǵȻǡ
յҪƶҵķչŮ֮˭ںļ۸Ƿ񽵵͡УҪгӵигǾͿԳڸľһҲܹڵأӰ쵽ڵ顣
֣Ŷøӣ˵û뵽ոǣǲ֪ô棬Ц黹һܹġ
һʵѽǫ֮ԪĵɶôԶǶΪ϶Ǻ£˽ȷǺ£ǶһҶԣƽ⣬һ̫죬ĶϣͿ϶ģȫ񾭼棬ũɣǴаյĸãͿʴ棬һҪء
̾ϧ㷢ٺ»Ұ
֣йһЦȻʲôƵãˣյֵô
£ЦûУ͵ȥˣѾмûȥˣĳҪô
֣еͷٹգĳбҪʽˡ᲻ȥ
տЦСӸԺкϵһָ׬Ǯˡ


ձĳпŵĽգò˵гǧ򻽲ʹ
һ磬ĳǰ;ۼ˲ˣ˵Ŀǰҵķǳ죬ǿܹ䶯Ļǲ࣬Ҫйأɼ֮ǰ´﹤򣬲ǻ㣬˲СЧ
ڽգʮ˻Լеĵһг
ʮڹʱѾ˶
ɲǼӪΪ¢гģļǮҲߣҪʲôӪʵżҵĴո𲽣Ƿǳ޵ģټǱ߻ΪԪʮѾǼˣճҲǲȡԤģʽ
ۣгƯ
ôģ
гѾɱȼʼҵˡ

ֻһӸոµг㳡ȥгȥľͷƴնɵģװΣǰ˿ģǰƤϸѾǷǳģܱͶĽ
ǲûз̫á

մСָСҰгʱ򣬿㳡ϵһĻʱЦ
ֻһӸг棬˷ţǳѻεã˶ͷΣʱʱ󺰴еġ
㳡ʮгתһȺġ·ľʾƣ˷׷ױ֮С
磬ƼûҵֿҲġ
ܵܿһĻʱһ
СҰͬĵͷ
չһЦֵ͵͵
һ˵ЦţһǱȥ
ϣ飬ˡ
복лжʮԶ־Ϳ첽˳ź֡
չЦ¡¡
ܵ̽ϣ˵˼乧ϲĻ
лл
˼СڳôҲǸһöҲͶ̽磬ʴԽӹȻŵݸԵˡ
յϣ˻ǲٰ
ֱҡͷǲ٣û飬ɵúú˵˵ɲôģǮȥˣҪ
ЦͱԹˣ˼żҲװ
֪̾˿ֵˣɨ֮£λ룬롣
롣

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顣
Ÿյ⣬в˸մк
Цŵͷ
С磡
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Ǯ󷽡
һִǮ󷽵ļϣֱǴӣЦǺǵǮ˼гΪ˵ģȥҿµΪˡ
Ǯ󷽱Цˣ۾ģզأֵСͱΪҵģгҿﲻҲҼǼܼġ
һǰɣԼ򣬻æö˺üˣΪǲġ
ǵԼҲá
ΪΣ
Ǯ󷽺һǼܼӣҪǮǣָ˻Ԥ̨˵ǼӻҲûһ׬ǮģǮǱ˭С
ɲô˵ֵָӻǮû㿴˼֣겻һ˰ǮˣȻͻ׬Ǯ
Ǯ󷽲ˡ
ÿǿģǹˣҵ
Ǯ󷽺ǺǵĹǫˣгɾĹ󰡣
룬롣
롣
õڣǷǳһҵг۵꣬Ѿ֮
ҿ˿΢΢һ˭Ƶģ
ŵֻгչʾģĶǽװľ壬гȫľϣҲģǴ£ǳִ
ͲǺս̵ģʴ˺ոеǳȡ
ֺٺٵҸ֮װƵģ֪ΪΣ


1574 
ֿɲúյԼĿ꣬ʵҲûĸ˽Ŀ꣬Ҫգȵøɵ飬˭˻ȥΡ֣е֮ΪԼĿ꣬ǳϲ֮Ʒ񣬶֮ƷȫǺյ⣬ҲΪʲô⳵еĵװǳִ
ԭˣЦŵͷܺãž͸߶˴ϵΡ
ñ˵⳵еĶ£ȥҲǹ⻬ϸ壬Щľ߿Ҫõö࣬ļһôֹ
㻹֪ôЩɲļҵģżҵĴġ
ҵҲŹżҲûôֹ
ҿɾͲ֪ˡ

΢΢һЦʵҲ⵽һ㣬ҲƷ
ǰľƷƷ϶̸Ͼ£ǵˣ󲿷ֶǷǳֲڵģֻлʼҡõĶ̸ܹϾ¡׷ʵãۣΪСũ£ʲôԼ÷ǳ٣þʵãûʲô壬ȫԣֱ峯ˣԲ԰ĶŶྫ£õĹǼֱǲĿ̶á
ңҲֹֻµĶϵֹô࣬ڻҺ͹¡
Ʒķչþ߽
ȻƷ˵£ҲûۣǱȻģˮҪŹֻҪһͿˣĹֻҪΪֻҪˣȡȣƺõģκƷ֮󣬶һա
ʵһԾ
֣ⰰгĲһѽ
ּһӸһгǰ
ЦǳղƳģЩгѾˣʴûװȥȵһֻ֮軨Ǯɸְ
ԭˡ
ܷơ
ͻȻ
ԭǺ飬ʧʧ
ǹӸ̽ݸա
һӹһĨ֮ɫЦ
ԵЦЦ
ⰰǹ˿࣬ʴ˺ս䷴ֻҪܹľͷǰ滹һ棬һ⻹
ܵܺ磬ƿ
սݸܵܡ
Цʵ⻹öβ뵽һġ
յã
ֵͷģһһصѾˣһƨ֮ϣͻȻһ£룬гҪԴӷ֣淽ҲԶһЩԽҾ뵽гİһٺ٣ѾԹˣʡ
ҵŪһ
û⣬û⡣
ȻӷһЩĸĽǾֵԣǲúԶҪ취
ȻĿǰгƲ˵ǹߣϽгµ·ڳתתǿԵģ뿪Щƽ̹ĵ·ǾͲ·
ںտΪûжʵüֵггԭԼа༼ǿںܶ෽ģӶûУ̥ȻҲͲڡ
һȦĴ˿ò˵ȷʵǳģЩķǳ¡ʵҲүүʿйأʿǷǳܵһˣļ˲ֹһһֻǰЩλߣǰļһЩҾߣȱ죬ΪҪҪʲôǾʲô
־Ͷҵ󣬾ͽĹȫŪԼߣҸǳõĴʵǼҹǶūģû뿪ļҵģʴ˵ָǸߴԼأǸǸм㣬ǳΪƸõĲƷżֻǴȫгȫļЩǻۡ
ҰĲСΪṩгһṩһЩ˵ͽεӦ棬ΪǴ϶ҪͶгֻһͷ˿ǶˣųĸԽԽ࣬еǰҲһƬ
һһֽ֮뵽¥ϡ
¥ϵװɾûɶʱУеֻǺʵҲֵİ칫ңֻԱȽʴûŪһİ칫ңɾǳ
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飡
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Щ˼գ׷׹ӭǰ
Ҳһһֻ
飬ˣ
һ˹ǺЦ
չֵԭزʧʧ
ɮᡣԭ³عΪһ£ĽΪ³زʱÿǺ
һܵܿɮᶼһЩΡ
ǵȴȫûָо
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ϣʵǰҲͷ۵ĺܣһܼ˵ãȻǴѽܱȳΪҪãķǳлա
Цزˣҿɰﲻʲôǹƽб꣬Լı»гľӪȨյĳɾҲӿԼõģûжĹϵֻһѧӵܣҾԲὫӪȨ
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Цŵͷ˵˵
һѣҲǱǰӡ
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ںնԣ˺ļˣһͲǳְҵкܴĹϵΪǧһ񣬾͵Ͷи飬ǰǺޣѹûмǳϰߣϲȥƽϡΪΪһǧ˾Ҫ޵˶ö࣬Ҳûʸ˼ƽЩټСʱ򳣳۸Ϊֹһ㣬Щʴ˺ܶúܿΨһǺ޵һˣס
ǰڳУ䣬ܹһЦúĻܹµؼңûȥƽϣҪŪؼңǾ͸Ƶãʲô壿ô࣬ûκοУήԼıƸ
ּ뺫ƺȥЩˣǳ˿ʵһֱ£ϣܹĨȥȥЩ졣
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ʵһִ
ܹκ˶ִⴿӦꡣ
Ӧɮ֮󣬺֣СԪܡŴһų¡
Цţ־͸ұԹ˵Ǯ㶼Ҫ
Ŵû֪ɣԭֻ콻ʮģСһ쵽ƨɺߣʵܲˣҧӶʮ˵ģһЩԼģסҼȥҲôࡣ
֣е˵ҲŪһ
ŴЦϵˣնЩߵҪԽԽˣǰֲڵĹȥ˲ҲǷǳ¡
ЦôûоżҵˮƽֻҪһ㣬ҿ˺ġ
ŴǫһЦȻʲôƵã飬ͩһ£ֿи
£Ҷ⼸ղڻʱûмɡ
Ŵֱ壬ģľͿͩ͸ӺÿһܹõøһЩϧͩ٣ҹֲͩǮɲˣõҲ٣Ҫٵ꣬϶ǲõġҾ뵽֣㿴ܹܲ͢նֲͩͩͣͩٶҲóȥ
ЦɲҪ͢ȥƶˣǮȻ˻ȥ׬ģܿͩ;ͻˡ
Ŵ㶣ô
֣Цֱͷ
ԪûŪףĿһ׹ԭвŶ͵˵˵ܱߵˣԪҵ̫ˣͻΪľƷҪۣ£ͩ͵ǰ϶Ƿǳġ
ʱŴ󼱴Ҵҵš
Ŵæ֡
ŴĿһ˹ûдŴյ飬ܷһ˵


1575 ش¹
ˣŴɲֹǽһֱӽո赽¥ȥˡ
飬ˣߵһ䣬Ŵʱһ˵
ﱾЩŴôһ˵ﲻһ£˫ȴĿŴΪӦƽڣζڣҲڲ
Ŵź˵Ǳ߿ȥɽѺӣǰ;ʱ˷ǳصĳ¹ʡ
Դʱһ죬⻹㲻㣬ŵ˵ʲô
Ŵ̾˿ֻǵͷ
ռ⾿ô£
Ŵ֮˵Ϊǰˮ϶࣬ļ˹ȴּŽʳ˵˷˴յǸչȥ֮һһ˷סٴֻײںӵ׵Ľʯ棬ЩʱͳˣµǻһЩֻʱײý壬䴬ײĴֻɺĴֻû
һȺ˵
˺ðΣҧź
ҪĻȷʵûа취Ϊģ벻Ѱ
ʵ˷Ǿ£Ƴδֹô¹ʣΪؼǣǻ빤ӵ֮£Ҫٳ£¹ʿܾͲᷢˣƫƫʱǳ
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֪ˣ
նʶ֪ʲô£ŴϽ˹ȥƺˣŶ֣ȥɣⷽó
Ŵͷ
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ãҪ󳼾ѵ룬˹ɼԡ
ϢʵĻ⽫Ǵƽһγ¹ʡüͷ
ָյ㻧Ѵ̡
⵹ĺգϣܹΪε뿪ʱǽ͢ǣô¹ʣܵ
ڣЦһû˵ôŸ

һ̧֣鶼δ׷Σκ˶ԣǳ
帮Ҳͷ˾˵üǣƹܣǺ֮
ʵ˵öû˵ÿͶʳǻ˵㣬ţƹˣʲôۡ͡ȣǶ£϶ԻһҪ׷϶ܹ׷ͷϵģô¹ʣҪ󳼿϶ҪΣ˭Ըⱳ
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⺫ǰŸߣڳһ£̴Ƿз
Ļ̡̻
˶ˣ͢Ҳ취
͢ʲô취͢ǰգǾ֪ɡû˵ôһ֮Էô¹ʣΪ˹ټ񣬲Щ۵Ҳûз
Ҳô˵͢Ҳ룬ֻӵգÿ궼¹ʷ
̴﷢¹ʣΪʲôƫƫ˴¡
⵹ҲŶȥµĴӺûгʲô¹ʣ֡
Ҳ룬óײң궼Уûзᷢ˿Ҳŵòᰡ
̫ˣҪǵ̴棬ǿɾȫˡ
ϣǮܱܲĳ죬һ뵽£Բ¡
λҪҲȥǱ߿صĻǿɵǵĴСһ㡣
ǣҲӦȥǱ߿
ǲ̫Σˣ¹ʲŸշǱһҵġ
С綼ȥˣǵûֵǮ£ʲô
˵öԣǾ͸Ͻȥʰһ¡
Ҳ㺦£Щ˻˸еġ
Ÿ
Ҳ
˴Ӷ׿ȷ֮ɫ˷ܣƽкá
ŵһ㲻ô
ҪǸɲȥˡ
ǸǸڨڨ¹һʱͷǴ⣬¡
üϷ治ףʲôֵø˵ģѾҪҳһˡ
飬ڰǰ
ü˻
飬˵¹Ϊ˹ټŽʳӶµģ¹Ϊ˷Ǹԭڡ
һ㶣Ϊԭǳ
̵͢ÿֻҪʮ򵽶ʮʯʳǽ֮ɾͷһ֮࣬ʳɶǹ͢ãǹգɼԽԽ࣬Ӷ˵ĸҲԽԽ˹żڽʳɼĸԭ򣬲˹ϣ˵ϡ
Ŀ⼱˼ǣ
飬һǧѷĻѽô£ܲıôʳֵ̫ģһҲǳעضҪǰѯʣʱ׷Դָ׶ڡ
˼ԥôⷢӣǲʧУϾ¹ʷ˭Ҳ롣
ôȴвףԵ帮С˶Ͳܵӡ


1576 ֮
ܵϽ÷ΧҸպôڶܵ;ܵĽ紦һˮ·Ҫġ
ա֣ССҰſҹ·ڸϵ·ص㡣
·صǴǺպϿ
Ͽ֮ɲΪϿӣΪ׳ɽڲκУˮɽһʱڴˡֱ޽ϿˮʱŽɽը٣ֻһʯǵˣӵ׻нʯˮļǷǳҪģƫƫˮ·ͨıؾ֮·
ʱںӰ߾ۼųɰǧˣǰվʮˣʮƷΪһʮ꣬νϰ󸹱㣬ֻƤָǰˡ
ǸʲôϽҸɻ
ҪǸɻУȸ㹻ʳȻĻǸɻ
ʧôʳûжǣ֪ɣһҪʳ
¹ֲҵȣҪǼŸ·ᷢô¹ʣҪʳǾͲɻ
Ҫʳ
Ҫʳ
ˣˡӽշǵúúýѵȺ񡣡
ֻǰһߣӣһ¿ڴ
ס֡
ֻһͺֹ
һͷȥֻʮ߼۶
ǡڱǴĺС磬Ļ顣
һۼļһϽСñӵ˶˵
Ǻա֣С
飿ǰӶʱһ£ææӭ˹ȥ
Щ۷¶־֮ɫ

С˲μ顣
տ˿ãã۷򣬲üô£
ǰ̵飬ΪȺ񲻿ϸɻԴҪЮСˣҪС˸Ƕ෢ʳ
¹ʷ֮󣬵ýǳ޲֮кܶҪ
˵
ֻһĺӹվ⼸ûûҹĸɣǵʳȴԽԽ٣վͳһ٣ɻ
֣òüǰӣŭǲ
յֻüͷ˵ÿģ

ǰ̹ڵأ޺С˲ϸʳС˲ҸѽǴŸĴѾûʣµĶǳ͢ѾʧôʳСﻹҶСʵûа취
յǸ˴˵Ͻ
ǰæС˲ǣС䣬һ
յϽأ
ϴ
أ
¹ʷ֮ϴ㲻Ӱˡ
յǵδѾ·أ
ӦӦˣ¹ʴС˻
δʲôΪƳ˷ǹܵ÷ǳϣ˴¹ô󣬶Ϊ˹ٵʧ˹ǿ϶ҪնģҪܿɾͳɵˡµ֡
Ŀۺգսս˹ȥ
ʵ֪ʳǸʲôõ𣿡
ҳֲʲôֱҡͷ
յڸ㣬ʳ˳Եģ𣿡
ססֱͷǺյûţҪô֧ôǺֲ֧ôӦɺյҲҪ֮оǳ졣
̾˿˵һȥɡ
ǣ
Լ¸Ͻ˵һߣǴһٺûе
ǰȥһĿɨȥֻЩ۷ڣ˪²΢΢һ̾˻麫գصظµģĿǰҪľǲҪٳ˵ʴǵҪչ˺ԼǱ֤Ƕţһᾡ紦£ؼҡ
Щ˺ðΣƺҸ̫ˣ漴׷յлвؼң
ֽ֣еλǻ֣£ӹԼʣµĹ˵ţ֣еͽˡ
֣еͷ
ⷽ棬Զ֣УĿľҪסЩ۽֣֮󣬺֡
伱ææ˹
ʵжɥ
㶣浨ӵС˽һֱæʳʹֻͣ£δü
յûУ
ϴСҲ˵˶٣ֵҲû飬Ϊϴߺ۷ˣǻ˲ٿ
պΪʲôûߣ
ڨڨСˣǳˣл޶ʴˡʴˡ
ԭˡԵͷʵʳʧ˶٣
ʱɥһһѺʯʳĿǰδ壬С˹㣬¡ʧһʯʳ
ʧ֮һǷǳֲģһʯʳһҪֵ֪̫ʳɶõʳ
Ҳֻ΢ĵһͷûвֵ˵˵ʱľɣ
ǡ
Ȼʼնǳƽ仹Ƿǳ£Ͼ̫Զκһһʮĸ˺ա
Ŵǰ˵Ҳ࣬ϽΪ˰ʱ񣬾ͲΣգǿɽôĻǾԭҲô򵥣ʱǰʮ뷢ɽ廬£Ӷһɺ֮лдľڴ˷ǳ˺
ʵʱϵûʲôˣڰŴߣв۷ֱӱУǷǳɱ
ʱ֣ͻȻ˹飬øϽʳǶûгԹ
յͷ֣µĻûϽ
ǣСȥ
伱æٻ£ִһЩǰȥǱߡ
֣ɫõƳ䣬յû뵽˿죬Ȼʳд
տЦһɺ֮˱п֮ҲֻһȺϣűӴǣָкηֱˣҲֲǣҪЩȫĴɢȥôΪܣҪôҽᣬܱ߰ջɷǳ鷳
֣еϽŸ·£·֮Ȼһ֮Ǹɱ
Цջô󣿶ͺɱȫƽʱ㡣
֣£̾˿ֻǾʮֱ⳯͢˵ʲôΪҪ£˶ǹԼԼ˭ֻںյ쾵ʮ֮ڣ޽˺ӣ˴ҳ˵ҪȡǰĽѵΪ䣬쾵ۣɵȴͬ¡
ǻȽ¸ãȻٸȥԹɣһЦֵΪô죿
֣гƬ̣ΪøϽȥѾȣȻļЩ۶Ϥˮԣ˵ߣʹߣҲýʬ崦ãͻȥǲ̫ܣܵһ鱮ɡҪܹôܻһЩǿɶˣⲻ룬п϶ϣС
˵棬Ҳֻʣ°̾ˡ
յͷôɡ


1577 бȽϲ˺
֣һִɻĿͻȻźա
ʵôҸ
֣üҾֵͦģôŸɵȵַǳֵķǳƽⲻϺ
ԭ°ղɵÿЦһӦô죬ǶץȻһΡҷŭκ⣬ΪĸԴҺβһȽ´á
֣ʵ˵
ղʵûΪʲôµ̶ӷ¹٣¹ʶࣿ
֣гƬ̣Ըꡣ
Цʵһ¹ʣѾܺõ˵һС˹ٵְֻǽָʳ׼ʱ͵ָĿĵأûжĹϵʳû׼ʱ͵͢ؽΪ͢ЧȻѵģ볯͢ûйԼϵҸɵٺãҲòʲôʴЩʱնѡۣӶͣ˹Ϊֻƴĸ·
̶̶ͬԼĻҪ£ǿɾͿˣʴǱСĽһ㣬ҲҪһе¹ʷң봬Լϵģ滹г͢ලҪɥˣ˵øģˣûҪҪ׷ֻȥҳ͢ˡ
վ˹ٵĽǶȥ˼ȻѡնɺӣֻɵĻᣬѡһ
˵úܶԡ֣˼ĵͷֵȻˣǾͲӶ취⡣
յҲûз쭣ֻҪ⣬ôһĻͲ֣ܳǷѵ䣬£ûжĹϵֻϧⲻôýģǻȽǰ´˵ɡ
ǶôӴụ̀ҪյĻǳ͢öǮӣǳ͢ûôǮֻǮô࣬ͻȻôӴ֧ô϶ҪǾͻ˺ܶȵߡ
»˼ǣи£Ǵ
֣ⷽеȷȽУңֻҪʳЩ۷Ȼƴĸɻ֣кܿͽ֯źӰӪԴΪλ崬Ϊһ٣޲ֻϵʳʳҪܳˣܻᷢùģͬʱ֯һЩˮԺõ˳˴˳Ӷ£ѾҴߣȻѾǷǳãģô֣лĲ
Һջŵʳ֮Ĺһĳͣͷֱӷʳ۲ϲǷȻǺܱܶ࣬ûеĺá
Щۼ񲻵ܹԱõףйʵĸǿĵҪĸɡ
Ͻ˰
ȵڶգԪһʮʼҾ˹
ȥسǣάΰǶ򡣳֮⣬ܱسʾϽ֮⣬˵УҸЩѾߵ۷ǧҪ£ǵѾˣǿԷĴ󵨵Ļؼң͢׷κΣңѣȥѰҲѡʱ֯͢һؼҡ
ǺյɻʼҾԭЩµģΪǿѾ·һˣһʲôģһЩ˶ȥˣǻ԰ɷǳΣԽȥ׽ǣ̬أֻǵУǲŲҪزأǲŻϧԼȥ֮ͽ
⣬¬ʦҲŻʼҾ˹һЩҩԭΪ϶дߣƴˣʱûʲôȥԮʴ߲Ǻֻܶ࣬һЩˡ
Ѿȣ⣬ʬ嵹ǷһЩŵþûмϾʱѾȥգҲᱻĹҲˡ
Ҳ¾ûȥͳƣΪܶ˵ʱˣᶼϽ֪Ūȥˣõϣȷһ˶ˡ
硣
飬񴬶Ѿװ֪׼ʱ
ǰ
ָʳָͣټ֣еܿͽƺˣʵʡǮһһ٣ҾͶĵʳࡣ
һָʵжİչɽ
ڨڨȻˮϱǰƽ࣬СΪҲû˭аտ԰Ȼɹɽ֪ÿɥˣƲڰˡ
ǹŹذüͷһ壬ѵûб·أ
ˮ·Ļ˱ؾ֮·ûĺӵѡ񡣿Ҫѡ½·Ļǵ϶ʮ֮ɽʳ͵˷ѿ¶ʳҪ󡣡
յͷ
֣ͻȻ˹飬㿴˭أ
վĿȥֻ߰üôأ
һӰֻǮ󷽡⡢ܵܡԪܣȸ̴
СҰæֵС֣С֣
СҰ磡
ܵ˷ܵ
պС֣ôأ
ܸܵæ͵ǮҪҲ˹ٺ٣磬㲻Ұɡ
շŰ۵
˵䣬Ǯ󷽡ԪǶ˹еһ
պôأ
Ǯæ﷢¹ʣǴһЩʳϣܹԾౡ֮
ʳأ
ֱʵ
Ǯһ㶣²ôôʣѹܴ󰡣
ļ׵ʳں棬Ҳֻıѡ
Ǯ󷽼æˮнˮн
ʱͻȻվ飬ǧǣʵǵԼĻʴ˲ŸġΪСɽŸҳ˼źôãʱ¹ʣǲӹš
յƾʲôôţ
ƾǳ԰ôָԶ˴Сƴǳ˼ôײһײ壬Ҳײѽǳ˼ŵĴƤұ壬̽ˣǰаȾܹõ
һΣȴ޷ȷʵˡ
Ϊ˴һطģϵطģЩģάҲλ˭ȥάޣطٸôǮԼ첹ұײĽĴΪʧޣ˼ŵĴûȵģ˼óȥãõµļÿ궼άһΣÿ궼¼װȥ
һǮһֻ˼һǮʮ֮࣬ôȥ˼ұȰ
бĿ⣬Сƴ񼣬ݻͦа
һ㶣æЦǸǸһʱһʱջطŵĻջطŵĻ
ԪֵҲ˵˼ţǹмҲ˲⸽򣬲ҰרԱ۲ˮǴӾʱһˮƽʱ򡣡
ʵܺ㣬ҪʧһʧǮƸ뼸˳פ￱ˮܻǮ뼸ܻǮ
֮ô˵Ϊһε¹ʶǵ˺Ƿǳģ˶ɵɽ³£ⷢôǾˣǱøЩ˳Զ裬ǧ£ǲµġ
Ǯ󷽳µѵûôСʻ괬ô£⳥ǵʧô
ǳ˳飬ǵĴû⣬ƾʲôҪⰡ˵ţԪܣ˵ҪҪмⰡ
˵Щļյ飬һ·֣͢а취κӵǾԸǮ
Ҳ׷׵ͷӳһ·գܽ⣬ӣȥǾڸۣͨĺӵ


1578 ·ǰ
ȷһ⡣
ΪⲻǼ򵥵Ϊ̶֮ӵСĽֻ˵ⲻҪʧⲢܸıա
½·ɱ̫󣬳͢еܳ˾͸Ӳ˵޷
ǺձҪ⣬Ϊ谭ҵչһʱҲòһܺõİ취ʤ죬ƾĿƼ˵Ͽӣ潨һŶǳѡ
վȥɽ
׼ʱһʻֻӳ
һ棬Լͬ̾˿
Ѿڳﻮ׵һκӵƫƫ⵵ϣ£Ǻܲζ
һʮɽҲҪһ·ΪʲôƳҪΪգѹӡǽͨ㣬ͨ˴ҪĻפضʿƳʱʲôȥôǲܼõġ
ɲǺյһǰҲǸڿģ£ȸɽվϲΪ޽Ͽӵԭ򣬽ŪĿȫǡ
ϿӲʯأУͰΣǰȮ䣻ǧ¾ڣɭȻˮΪɼˮײźֱ뵺ʯΪһʮԶǺպʯʱˮǱȽƽǺԶطҪļĶ࣬ˮ䣬ס
ߺգҪǺѴڣｫ÷ǳֲ˶Դ
Ϊʲô֮󣬾ûڳලΪˣͳûгԣǴ¸
վɽգȣǴȻĹ̫֮׳ˣ澰ȥƱһǷǳ࣬ںϴͻûп˾
ͬʱҲðһͷǾǾƲߣ̫ΣˣһҪĵ
ԭȲ֪ôֲΪǰ֪ﰵңÿ̴ûг¹ʣȻĻļƻĳ
˵апһֵ뾡취˶κӵЧ΢
ӵҲֻͨߵ࣬ܽɽը٣ˮϿʱһļҩûУ˵ըҩΨһİ취俪޹ɽ
˵գأԴɽʵԴкο
һĨһºֵУ۾ͱУ˭ԶãǲҪԣ̫ô뽫˷ڴ˵ϣǲߴ˵ˡ
ȵߴ˵ߺεأؾ˵
Ǯʵѵ½ˣ
Ԫܼæɣɣ½˵Ļɱ̫ˣ˵ҵȣ¾͢Ը
ǶѾϰˣҲôֻ꣬ҪСĽѡǡʱ˵ǿߵġ
ǺղôΪΪ˺ӵ¹̫ߣСĽҲǷǳΣյģְڰֵ½ҲãҲգѾߴ˵취
Ϳһۣ;ߴ˵Ϊ񻹺ãҵҲŸոޣҵķչ̴ؽ÷࣬ٸһ֯мƻģһ¹ʣǾ˯ˡ
ǲ֪кƣɱܿ˵
ҲôҪס˲Ҫû¾ȥ춷ǶģԼ㲻ȥ춷ҲϾģϧԶ˵
Щ㻹վ˵ֲۣߴ˵Ҳĵ·ôܡ
ҡҡͷߣȥû·
Ҵ⸽Ϳ˲ڰٴΣδѰ
յһûѰ
Ԫѵ飬ɫ磬ǻȥΣ
̧ͷգͷðɡ
һޣյ뷨ǼᶨƣΪ֮£춷ҪѩôֻܸǱӣҪŰȥ춷ֻܻ춷֮£ôΪһбߵ·
գһԼһ˼ȥѰ
еĻҲֲ㺫ңǰѰ
תһ磬ҲûѰӵСϪв٣һƬشˮԴãط֣Ψһĵ·½·½·ĳɱʵ̫ߣؼкӵڱϣ˲Ըѡ½·
תת˺ӱߣǡһͣڰߣֻˣģЩƣӦֵܡ
µôֹĽʲôǰһȺ̱ýٶԣͷȥ
ջͷۣ˾ʱͻȻλ
ŵһֽ˺һۣɼﶼǳӦòǿ곤˱ʵô
ʵ֪λҪȥ
Ҫ

ֵΪζλǰأӵͿȥôΪҪɽҰ
ѵ֪ǰɽôգǿɲ
һҲǷŻǴ˵ǰַһ¹ʡ
Ҳ˵ˡյͷ̾λҲҪȥģ˴ŴϢеӣҶţڴˣҲ֪ȥ
Ŷ
곤ָߵǱһС߽ʮ·ɱܹţȻٴ˴ȥ
𣿡
жȻһ
ţû£ǻø·ȸˡ
úúãλߣ
չֵ֣ܶȥ֮󣬺ձ˭˵û·أ㿴ⲻ·𣿡
˺ϲɫǮû飬ֻˣǵȻôߣҲɵȥðգ۵ʹĻڴͣǻڴжȻ¿ȥǱߺӰȥȻҴ͵ôõö߰
ļҲǵĻµģõٹ򰡣
ԭһõ£Ҫƥм仹жװ¿ɱһ㰡
ճðΣͻȻǮʵǮ֮֮ǰ·ôģ
Ǯ£ȻҲ÷
ʵҼ÷죿
Ǯ󷽵Ȼһ÷찡
ʵ֮·Ҳ÷
Ǯ󷽵Ȼ֮򰡣
ΪΣ
ˣֺÿ
֪֮һ·öô
ҵǲ̫Ҷˮ߹Ҫ˰ɡ
ֵ˵ԭһ˵£ҪɱӦߵģΪ֮·󣬻ҪҲ÷Ҫأ
ǮգգۣȣȻ֮һ·˼һܶ·Ҳ÷ЩһǿҪö࣬ɱȻҲҪడ
ôһ
յֻһ˴Ȼʱ˻ǳɱȻ߰һʮգĻǴϢô͵ĳɱήͣѰ˶С
ѣ
Ϊ֮һ㶡
ָСǵ·ǰ


1579 ǮǾͲ
·ǰ
⾿ʲô
ҲٽͣȻȥԪܡСҰȼǰȥ̽·ΪʱѾˣ϶ҪЩʹ
ǰȥֵܣܿͱ׷ϣһĽĿźԶȥǮ԰
һʱǱߺӰˮͷǳƽ̹ˣȴôйߵĺӲлͣһҶۣܵ˵ĴǷǳһͷûУˮݡ
վڰߣź棬Ŀ˸ţһļƻԺл
һԵԪСʵ飬Ĵ㽫ߣ
յͷָܱȥ˷ܵ꣬ｫΪΪĵشİսΪԣİա⣬ǵ˷Ҳʡһ롣
Ԫһ˻˷Ҳܼһ롣
պǺЦֻһѣǵյеĺӵ
Ԫȫ
ڴͣפʱȻȥˡ
صӰѾǰʱ֡
飬·ͨ
ǮǼˣǰѯʡ
һЦͻȻļ򣬵񼣬Ҫˣǲ֪׼ûС
ĪȴǳϲҪ˵һȥͶˣһƭ˵ģǳԺ֮ڣɾʹһˣٺٵĪҪЦôס
Ц㷢ˣһ룿
ڨڨЦῴСǮ
Կ
Ǻǣ
Цš
Ǯһϲ䣬зݣûư
һƿǮӣλɷģǶǶʮ·
Ҷʱϲѣô˵ˣ뵽취ˣѯʱֵΣõҼ£ܾʱ̸Ŷʧһ¡˵ţźӰȥֻӭˣ¬ʦԺ֣С
λˣ
չ֣Ե˵
⼸ȫǿɶƾһˣͼκζ
¬ʦ̾ҵһ㡣
һ㶣Ѿˣֻܾ·
֣æʵ˵Ѿ취ܹգ
յͷҴôͣ˴ȥ·ĵطڼｫʳжȻ¿͵ߣװ͵ȥ˱ɱܹա
¬ʦԵͷ˲Ȼһ㣬Ҳȥðյĺá
֣ȴҲֻܽȼü֮ѣ͢ôα겻α
ոһЦģ͢һֱһ·ߡ
֣һ㶣ôŪ͢ûǮ۰
ձϾϴ˵㡣
ȥܱسǣ¿ұʾ֧ӦĳۣͣͬʱֵһЩ۷ǰǱ޽һʱͷеĻȥ߽Ӧ
һ׳лѵķǶǶģҪţҲǲܶɣֻҪСһ㣬ӦòµģǺνǮôû˻׬ûˣǾûˣǮŪ
Щ۷ҪţļˣܱسҲܿľ¿˹Ϊ¹ʷǵĹϽΧڣѵǾһζûôʴﻹҵô˵ǾôǱ߾͸Ӳ˵ǣǺյĴӪ
ҸɵȻʱͻȻһλ֮͡
ǻɣʦ
ɣδˣչЦ
ʦ֣漴ŵ˷֮ǰѯʳһ¡
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ʦòȻһ̾ҲԺյӦԶ˵ʲôǵϣǵµ֪ºմŭѾȥٴ붫£齫߰׵֮󣬾һȥɡ
յͷϵģô£ôܲŲʡ
ʦһձȥдʦ
ĿǰѾûж壬Ǿ仰ֻܳ⣬£ó񽻸֣УԪ֣СǮҲûм뿪Ȼô㣬ǵȻ˽ôģæ
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Ѳ˰
㽫ˣЦҡҡͷȻ˹ȥιûȤȥ棿
ܵһĿ˼£ǺüˣЦ
ѽҲ㽫˸ˣҲ֪ô
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Ϊȥıؾ֮·վûмȥգֱ帮ˣղʽ½֣ǣȻԼСҰС֡ʦȥ帮ǻϡ
ϣУսЩܵôֻиܣ
帮󣬶Ϊոеż
տ̾ʲô취ǶֲԸͷ£ûɶ顣
ںߵҼǵõȻӧģǿû˵
Цǻֲ
ɫһ̵ҵҪȥ£ûйﵢ顣
㻹ôϻպһ
帮ֵµֻС£ȻˮܼӦ֯ӼǰУΪҪô¿ôӳӦⲻǶһôѾʧôʳֻôǮʳͰô
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һԵȻгȴǷǳ档
ǲԶվŵĶǿǣ¶˼ı顣
Ƚʦ¬Ƕ֪Щ˶Ǹ̥һֻ֮һ


1580 ڶ⶷
Լе֣Ƴôãȴδ㵱ϳҲΪ˱ܿ˼ګ׷ݡһӽƵȥġ˹֮󣬳ߣǵһߡ
Ƴ󣬵һ
Ҫ֪ǶûͲ˵Ƴ
Ҳ֪ǲ첹ʱʱڡ
ɽҰʻһ񣬴ﻨ㡣ӵȶ˵ŮŵٸӺݻ츾Żķ̣ݺ裬òפӱߣ·ܹ˽֮
һɷƽ
ҪȳŶˣΪû̫ԼĻ棬ȴԴԶ̣˰ټ֮أѧĵءѧĲءѧ״ءѧγɵءѧԨԴأĻ˼ڴڹԡͼ顱ΪĺĻǻĻԴͷĻĽڣҲ˼ϵĿš
ֵ̤ʱַǷ洦ɼʿǼϷ
ۣǾͿ쿴ǱߺöŮ
һִСֵļϣһִ°ͣŲԶŮ
νɽ׸ģơ
˾պ볹׵ױһأֵҰ
ܵСѵ磬Ѿ˴㣡
Ǵɷ羰
üһۣãȻô˵˼СҰأֵܵģѵӦΪСҰô
ܵһʱεСҰǡСҰȥǱô
䣬ͻȻϡһһֽסƨɣ˭˭Ϯҡ˵ţͻȻСҰƬ̣һĵЦǲȥǱˣŶͻȻ𻹵ȥ»㱨йﵢ鰡
ܵܵҸСҰҪȥѽǿ氡
ˡ
ϣ
סƨɡ
ܵܺĿźգ
һס죬··ȫ·

ϵڣСҰСһ飬һ࣬һо֮ͽѽüĲ˳ʺԼôͬΪһ۵ѽ
ǵĳӿǲСһ·Ҳû̫ע⣬ɼ֮٣ΪҶѾ߲ˡ
óڣ˵ûгǴ⣬෽ԲڳǣҽҪҪŵĶ࣬ô룬һһ۵ģֵǳˮ洦СĽɼڻɼӰַǷ
Ļ֮֮ڡ
ȻóڣձϵôҲһ࣬ڽһ£ҲûʶڳڿɾͲͬýһ㣬ϾģɲȼٵģһЩҪ˼ǻôģɾͲˣСҰСڳԯϻӱʹ
һֱйΪÿʵ۾͵ܵʳн޻ģһ޽һأأйĹģҲСˣȻ϶ǲʵ෬ģйǶֹΪʵȥֻȥ䷹ģҪӦôڳŪйԷ͹ӣҪĻ쾵ʲô
һҪйʦͨ
úһŵʤ߳
Ҳ֪ο϶ʦѯýѵǡ
ôֻʦ⣬λԱʮңڰϣüǣ±˲֪ܲˬƵá
Ȳμ¡
Ҫ󳼹һ
񣡡
ʱλԱվ΢΢ֻ֣Ǵǣû¼ĸо
ɼλǴͷվλλüĿ촽ε壬ԨĵʮӣͬʱҲݴʷ
վλòãǷݶȢ簲εĽ򣬳̫ԭϣңǶ˾ͽʵĺ
λò㣬΢룬ЦݳʷȨȨ͵ʮ꣬Сġ
˱ͷȻĻҲûʸվΪǵ࣬ɲСèСġ
ǷǳҪܹϴģǾҵĵϵⲻ壬ǽ
һڡǲ¡
Ŀһɨżɽɽһ£е
ڡ帮̿գȲҪΣʲô֪ˡ
ۿǻǲģûվݵôհֹһ䣬ȴǹžһһʮжҾ˵öңдˮ֡
帮ŶΪյ̸еż֪Լ˵ˣ˼һ㱨õķ㱨ôңô˵¿¾ûбʵϵĹԱˡ
д
մŭһӣָǵ޲뿪ãͷش¹ʣҴƽδص¹ʣҪȺкãһ׶ˮ·ܶƵá
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еί¹ֲǷھܵǷڶܵҪͷڣҲֻѵǣǶڣѵǣ̫ƽˣҲ޹⡣
ҲҶ˵ΪʵҲʵݹԱǲȵһＺگΪ¹ʷʱʵۿʵܵ¹ʾͷƵá
õһͻأ֮չʹĻһ䡣
帮˿ۺգкƣֻ·ģ޹ǳ֮νѵǣһԼ֮ģһԼĻôգܵѽǵҲ뺫տ⺫˵ġȡǳͺܴ
ǺҲ˳˵ģҲֻܳưͿ
˳źյĻ֪á
ǡǡվȥûˡ
ͻȻվ˳һ񣬽̰ڵ£Իʶ԰գһۣԸ
ѻȸ˲̡
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ĹԱʲôʱôͣκҲûôԵ
θһ±ƣСӲ㾭鶼ûаɣ
ͺñԼҺӴھӵĺӣ¹ܶԴΪҳܵѵϼ䣬Ҳ˵˵ԼĶӡҲΪ£ɱˣҲ̫ףֻ´ѣûģŵĹʧҲ֪ûʲôϵ
񵹺ãµĳġ
ζʱﻢ£úô
帮ϽվϢŭ½˹ϽһУɱ磬֪Ϣҹɽƴƺ֮£νǽúҪ֪ǸոտһģټҲ֪ûҪɱյ˼ֻ˵˵ѣҲǰνΧ
ס¬ҲϽΪ飬ҲΪԼ顣
ˣԭǻúƺ֮¸溫һ״ԵӬˣֻ̥С
գȻ顢¬Ϊ飬Ҳ޾һذɡθϽ¿Ǹѽ񶼲ҷˣ²Ҫġ
л²ɱ֮
ǹһż̰ɿֵ£⣬ΪӣϾôˣΪʲôҲеĲģ
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ֲ˵ԼİҲֻ¶ھεĵͷ
ŶˣСǹģã޵Ҫʲôһⲻ˵ΪܹӵôԼ˵ɣӦôͷǡ
帮ֻҪǡȡȴʣԽۡ
յôͷȣΪǳΪ¹ѾҪΪЩѾİ£ЩսϣСֶǼеĶⶥһǵλȥʴˣԸͷһٹЩİա
⵹һⰡһһƵƵͷѵдģаοĿ帮ǡ
һٹ᣿СӻǱ֪帮Ƕպ޳¾硣
նǮѽһٹᣬҲǴ簡
¬լʺ񣬾ҲǹһҲվҲԸһٹᡣ
סʦҲվ˳
帮һ˼һɣ鶼վ˳һһУǶһǸ⣬Ҳþ谡ҲϽվʾԸǮ
εͷʱͻȻͷƽȨʷɽҲݹϽڣλҲЩԩϿƮɢ
˾ȿźգǸôվʲôû˵
򴽣ûֵ̫ˡ
˵ǾǮʵҲǷǮܷЩ˵ǮֻʵۣǮ˰Уռסǻʵ۵Ķ£Щˣǰ˵ۣﻹ⸧һбȽϣ¡Ƶͳˡԭôˣʵ۵ȻҲû⣬һǮ˵ŤΪӯ
һʵ̬ȣҲˣǮҪĻ࣬϶ҪƵˣ帮ǳǾڷ£ҶǮҪ裬Կһ׼ꡣ
ϼһ£վʾһٹᣬȨʾԸʮᣬʹһٹᣬҲǲеģΪ˾һٹᣬǲܳ࣬ǻʵģݿԸƽ
˵֮ʣԼվ
ûŪ;˼µٺ»ȥ
ٺ»˵¶ǶԣһٹҲĲ٣ж룬лʵ۵ʹͣʴҲࡣ
帮΢ƽһ㡣
Σ˵磬СѾˣһȥɡ
Ҳᣬ棬°ɡ

̾˿˵һԣͷǵͷҲܵüɱ˵Ŀ
̸Ǯ˸鰡
Ȼ㽫ƵһϣԼûпʼͱոŪһٹȥòûлʹȥϽ£
׬ˣԭֻǴѵѣŵʤʹʹɫ
ŵʤᣬϽ˷衣
Ų裬Ĳúȣһ̫һɡ
սӹСһڣû͵͵ƳڵˣаЦȺ쵰㺫үһ˿˰ɡšȵûζ
ͻȻ̧ʾ⣬ԼȣȻվֵ£ʵǮЩգα겻αˮнѡԺɽŷ¹ʣȻףɽҪļԶɴɾʦˣʴˣ͢ӦøϽźӵǽ֮
˻һ帮ǾһڲҲȲȥˣĿ
ôﶼûзԣһʷ˵㼸˼̫Ƿˡ
ʵǼվһЩϾ˾ģͦеġΪȨеʱôȨģǻ¹٣ͬƷʵ۰͸ʱûģôʵģΪʲô¤ҪŪ㣬ΪȥݣȥĻҵľݣǹ¤Ӧ⼣ҲЩԱƺ˼Ҫƽƽ
ֺһڲ裬룬һԽԽζˡ
֮Ҳ˼¡úοи˽˼ˣʵ֪кߣ
ǰȥ۲ɽĵƣ⴬ɽʱʱøţ½ˣɸ½˵ĻʱʴϽ˷ȥȻɽ·裬˷ֶ㣬˵У쾵ɽջ˷Ϊĩңջʧޣʴ˲н֮ѣ鳯͢ɽһջԱ˷ǰС
ʵǻľ˵ɱˣɱɽҪ·Ǳɽ·ˮҪңǱ̼ţ޹ս춷أҪ˵磬Ψлġ
ЩͬͬԺˮǻǴˮǼŵǷܡ
־ҲǸףô˵ΪּͲΣ޹ɽľ񣬻ؽѣأ԰ȻͦŹͲˡǣȥս춷أҲǲеġżζŪһŵǷۣ˵ܿ´½
ü棬׼ͷʱáۡһ
Ѱȥ
ǸǸ
ոæһĨ죬һߵ⡪ˮе̡
ŵʤ͵͵һЦϽ黻һ衣ҲʶˣΪϲڹÿضȥңⶼҳˡ
һ⺫ⷴӦҲ֪ǲǸõͷ͸˲ӬƵá
վ£ϳΪ˷סȣɽʯӲƽϸߣԿ䣬úķѶԱ˲ơΣҪ˷ӺӶ䣬ʯȽУİԼˮļдϳΪɽϿջ˷ջ̫Σˡ
רҵ̸ۡ
帮վ֮俪ջͬҲα겻α֮
վ£һ֪ɲУ
æ˵
Ϊ޽һ˺ӣ˱ɱܿɽ
ֵ˷ϳҲǹҲǰȥ죬ǲ룬˺ӣҪӦȶˮɽƣҪֻ֮
ڡ帮ǽǵͷ޳
еǰɲڶˣҲŽһ°
ЦΪ飬ҵԸꡣ
㶣Ҫа취˵ˣĻȵգڨڨһЦĳţʱδ취
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Щȥˡ
ȨͻȻһֱںȲĺգɻǱʾʺǶıκμֵ⣬ںУ׵Ľ¶ںԣҲʲô¡
һ֪


1581 ԽԽ
Ȩһ㵣յĻӦһԼĸоֵֹ֮ء
֮෴ǣ帮ǼճˣԳϵķʽﶼǳ˿ֻȨ룬˭ãȥȲ£Ҫһܹס죬ǰǮû׻ּĻϣֵλ˼Һ̽죬֮ˣֹ׬ðٹᣬˣȲˣȲͻġ
ǲټڶǵǻؼȥ϶֣֪֪ףиֶΣҵһ¶⡣
ͷԾһƵζڣ￴
еǣǿѹͷߡ
Ƕ༶ģû˭СĹԱǳ٣Ȼ࣬ǺȥĹԱܼ򵥣Ǿǻʵ۵ĺ԰̫ڵûĸȫƿסͨ£קڻʵҲΪʲôĹԱǲ¾٣Ϊ޷ҵˣֻҪʵЧңʵڳŻʵۺ˵ҲûãΪܲ٣ȫƾʵ۵ΣһΪҪģΪϾ˶࣬һȱͱ
ҲΪʲôһٶԼˣ㲻ҲһǸйϵˣ˼ګĸȥݵΪ񻹸ͷε˵ǹҪҼӵ࣬޷ʤݶְ֮⽫ְί㡣
ԼҲʵģί㡣оҲݴʷθոռλʱʩ
ɼͷǺǵģ帮ҲôձϾ϶֣Ҳ֪˭Ҳⲻ˭ѾһȶʵĹԱȦһţǲܵģΪȨôࡣ
һϲգа취Ϊǰ˵
յ£ũᣬѧǳð취ҲһЩ취ƽǸֶǳţ֮ţʴ˳а취Ǻ°Ūֻ񡭡
˵ɬ
Ǽı飬ôô
帮ƴס죬ֱ飬ó̵÷ǳܣ⻰˵̫ˡ
¬졢ʦҲݸ
Ҫ˵˵Ĺ򣬺ճƵڶû˸ҳƵһ
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ﺦȨƲסæȵߣβ˵ҵȿɶǷǳڴ
Ȩҧźѹ۵ȨĳԸŸ߼
˵Ҿ˵ҶûӰΡ
㵹˵ѽڴΪո˲پϲͬʱҲŲپš
΢
һҸոճΪһʱҾͳ룬ܹãȾ͵ÿʲôģ޷ǾôֻпҪϲƷܳɹҲ˵ƷһҪܹˣǼһΪһɹˡʱҲ룬ܹãôʲôģ޷ǾǸʥϣǹԱĻְڣôβһ㣿һԱ֮Ωֻ̰ҪᶨһҲȥ
ȨһСҲЩǰ˵̣ôô죬²õ˵ô࣬ȴɽ¹ʺ޹
޹أ
մݵһЦֵΪʲôҪɽӵΪǰΪֻΪһڷ̫򵥣ᵽȥסط֣еʳҪˡʴˣ׷Դ¼ɽӵΨһԭ򣬻Ǿ仰Ω̰
οĵͷ֮ԣ⡣
¬Ҳۣ¬ĳܽˡ
ңҡ
ǫһЦֵȷһٿŶλİ취ɽӣҲ˵ܲУһҪ˲ƵģΪ˵Ҳͨολİ취б׶ˣѾҾͲ׸ˣҪôˣֻòʧ
һԭ»ôͣǾˣǾ˰
Ȩ죬ջаС̫ƻˡ
Ϊ˰ԾΪͳν׼˵ʳΪʵۡԱ׼ģֻ֣ղá
ô˵˵ʵΪ˶һڷϧҪô˵Ļôһܾũ
ͷظմ򽻵յ·ڡ帮ײˣÿضȽŻʵһվڵµƸߵϣۣĻͺȥ磬ʵۼӵ£Ǿ޵еĴڰ
ֻҪᶨһ㲻֪ôҲյһ仰Ǿһһε¹ʡһ¹˻룬ǲɵģ˻ǿԱģϽǿɽȻʳܻ󣬵Ǳµ̶Ѿкüˣɴδɽɥ¹ʣҲǽһ㣬ҲðһաλûΪλ
¬˼̼͵ԼĻ˹١
˵ͻȻϽտڲԡ
˵úãռ¬鲻ǵңһеġ
¬̳ڨڨһЦͣһҲģ˵ģǧҡ
ôһôܲ¬죬ŵģ˹ٵְʲô׼ʱʳָĿĵأһ㡣ٵ𣿲ǡйϵûСǸں۵ˣ˭𣬵Ȼǳ͢Ǹã˿ģ˹١ǳ͢ԼԼܣ⳯͢û˹ٺ֮У
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˫һ̯ʵѽҾͲ˵ˣ˵Ǵƣӽʼ˷¹ʣɰǧÿ궼԰ټƵΪ¹ʶɥųɶǲ֮¹ֵе󣬿϶ҲˡҪ̴£֮ܲô
˵۰ձӦǳ͢õ֮£ǵѣͲӦȥ۰գⱾ̸̣ȴҪҪۣ쾵֮ڣ޽˺ӣ˵˺ǴҴ֮н֮ǿʢ˺Ҳǹû˵쾵ûû峯ʹ۰գɽ¹ʣٰɥкҪ⣬ȵ֪̹ȻԼĴǻ̸ʲô⡣
óü⻰ǽ쾵ô
Ȩɫã룬ǳţ»ѽУҾһѡʵǲ֪
ЦȨʷҶѾ˵÷ǳˣôףƶȱһˣ⽫Զɽ
˻һе˶ʧɫ
˵˵ģҲͺһˡ
˶ˣһȥô
帮ڴʱ˿Ҳ֪ǸΪȣԵΪأ
Ϊѣʮ
оԽԽˣôֱӱŷϳȥˡȨ˶СĸЩܲˣȫû׼̸һ£ǮѾǼޡ
ҲɵˣⶼûʷΪΪûĸôɹȵ㡪˵ʲôϡϳˣ
ǡյͷ£Ω̰˼˵˾һôֻܵӦ֮裬ɳá
Բӣ»ôʵʳҲ˴ڱ׶ˣˣ˭ʳ˭ʡǴ̿ҲҪˣҲ˵˲ƣѵҴƾӦ÷ϳھʿ׹ô
ƵƵͷڡ帮˶ԵͷǺԡ
ʵǶܽţ˵Ͼܷϵġ
һЦҲԣǰҲԣ˵ǣڴƣ䣬ҴƽʱյĹ֮࣬Ͳʲô⡣


1582 ô
ܴţģľûмôܴģ
ˣǹ˶ἰ£Ϊⲻѽںͳɸ⣬ⶼ⣬ʣʲô⣿
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˵棬һȻ
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תģ֪ܹǴ棬ⶼҪȥ̰ۡ


1583 һһ
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1584 ƵƵ
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óԴλ͵ñȽ˼ҲҲ뺫ˮݵԭ
ֳȴ˲ϣǻ˵ģҪ˸ûɶϵΪ˵յ㣬˼ͶʳõɾͶǵƿ֮Уʳʹһˣյ㣬˶ǳԳǻԱڳǩԼǶԣֻһЪŵضѣȨҪôֻʱ˵㣬ңҲӦˣϾǿҪ󳼰
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ȨΪǻǱĺãԼȥɱ˵һЦΪʲôҪˣⳳ֣˭Ҳܲ˰


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ܵ棬һŷ
СҰС֣ǲǻСֲôҪ˵ĻǿЩԡ
ܵæǶѾ˭Сֲѽ˵ţգգۣҡԴҲô˵СֲͦóԵģǿɻûгԹĲˣɵŶȥζ˵ô
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ϣǸճйķΧڣһŻɫվڽֿڣ

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1585 ˲¶
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·ϣ˵һߣܵ˵﷢չĻǱȽ˳ȵȻΪڳ˻⣬ʰ׬Ǯĵͻ
볤Ҳ಻֮ͬǳȨĵ̣ϾǾʦ඼ʴ˭ڳеȨ˭ţһʿọ̃ϾĻԴأ̫ʿ壬˵ضǣʿĻǳŨԱǳŵġ
ʿĻŨ񣬴ʵɣʿԱƽģ˭Ҳ޷ѹ˭ҲѹƶԷ͵ԱȥưգһֿɵķΧˣŮӣҪԶȳࡣ
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Ӧ䣬һ˵˭˵һ


1586 ˺ǷǶ
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ЦҲһڣſڽӵһ𣬺úõġࡱ˺һ˼֮飬ķֿЦֽСҰ˹úáһ
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ЦȴһЦĿ˵㺫ʲôˣһô
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Цƿǡ¾ƿƿѧƱƿƸһҲ˵֮ѧѧһ˵úܶԣҲһ㣬Ϊ֮ѧʿľϸѾǷǳ죬ѧŸոճ⻹Ҫһ
⻰ص÷ǳ˵ǿѧֻǾܶѧʼҵľϸн֮ɣѧոճʴ˲֮ѧʼռѧ֮ѧΪһĻѧΪѧʡ
ֻһ죬һİ𣬡δҲ̫ˣԼλʥȣѵͲЦ𣿡
ҿûԼλʥᲢۣұȵѧʡһѧʲָ¡ׯ֮֮壬֮ѧѧʣΪξͲᲢۡ
˵֮ѧҲԶһһЩ漼֮ѧѧʶ֣Զ

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ֻǲ˽⺫հ¬ǺһЦܹ֮ȫƾһ֡۷棬˭Ҳռ˿ˣΪûпǺǣ˵Ѿˣô⣬ſˣ»ꡣ

գ죬ԽԽˣҽ󶼲˵ˡЦһĿźա
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ֻܵһĻ϶˿ĵЦݣ˼Сǲƴֱ֣һС峵ҲǷ¥ĴͳŹƳȥġһţһ߻ԱСҰϼš
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ҪˣСһתͻȻîųǰȥ
СҰ΢΢ͷ͵͵ƳС֣͵͵һЦ˫Ŀ΢ϣڵС峵ϣ̩Ȼ
æСһ㣬ĪҪˤˡ
֪
صլԺǳѾ׼ˣСҲ͸ΪԼֺѽ
Ϊպһͨʴ˴ҽնȻǲٵģûǰ㳩
Թҹ֮󣬺սͥԺɢɢ
ڵһ¥£ӦѾ֪˰ɡձߣʵ
ͷ
յο
ǵĵ̣澡ʧҿǶݵġ
ŶһҲ˵ҲΪأ
ҡͷҲôΪǶѾ۸ſҲ޿ˡ
ʵΪҸӦأ
΢һʿضǣʿԶȳҪǿĶ࣬ǽʿһ壬ȡʤҲʿ壬Ҳʿ壬ЩʿҲһ飬ǿɴ֣ⷽǷֶ֮
ҹȻûпˡ
չһЦЩʿڶУ⶷УһֻֽϻˣΪǣֻ˾ǣηǣʴ˲Ų֪ǵĿһЩˣյһ¥飬ɢȥҪҪǿҵ۵㣬Լܺߣȵġ⣬ݳʷȨݶ˵ҵսǾһٹ˴δѵߣǻģʿĹϵֵ֮ԽԽá
üǷ֮Ĺϵ
Ҫ
հڰ֣ЦԣǸҪȥʿ֮ìܣȻᶷҲûйǾݣǹҧȥɡ
Щ̫ס
бĿЦС飬һˣһҪסһ仰ΪΪʿŽһԸңô˭ܹڴлҲ˾ӡЩˣΪģվߣֻǰ䣬ҡźܵõʲôʿ׷Ϊţгͷ֮գʿڶ࣬˭沨ˡ
ȻҪԼô͵ñ죬Լڲͬ˶Ϊʿһʱ˭վΪ˵乫ôؽ롣ҴҸҪռվҵĽǶȥԷôѡɢЩϢȥǸЩͷṩ۾ݡŶ˳һѧûо۵ѧʣ̸ϺѧʣֻУŻõͬ
գϸϸĥһͻȻһ
Ц֮£䲻ڣֻҪ׵ʧܹ͸ıʡ
лĽ̻ᣬؽġ
š
յͷͻȻʲôƵãʵŶＯŵ޷
һƹ붼ֻйʱŻ᳤Ӧ
յȥʱ򣬾⼸ձߣҪ
ͷһȥ


1589 ֮
ʿĴӪʿضǣ˶Ϊʿԣ۵帮ǶôΪġ
Ƕһ⣬ʿ֮ΪʱڣʿʵƽͨǷۣʱĺŸ̧ͷìֻʿʿ֮䣬Ļۣһձġ
⣬ʿ࣬ĻţҲ͵´ҸиĿͳһģһǧ߾һǧķأԣÿ˶µĿһġ
棬ҲĵģҲǳʿƾþϣôþʿͬ飬ոˣҲôˣĲںҡźġҶʿ壬˭ںҡźǱߺԴƣεӰֻվںߣ˶Կ㣬վ˾ӡǱߣ˭˿Կ㡣
ȻһжǻںҲǰĺգǰڳǼз棬һ죬һʿˣѾΪ飬ѧҲõ˲˵֧֣ҲվȣʿҲϰĴڣټǱ߻帮У帮ɵЩ£ʧ£Ϊ뺫ͬţ˳ǶȽϣһȽϣ;úջͦģٺûиЩȱ¡
ʸӵģȥҪɣľǿˣ˵ʿǱɢϢеġ
˾ӡǻ׼ҺձѩʱСϢҲӱɢ
ȣȨ˸ҪǾһ¸˳һҧǻģʴָʹ˾ӡҺյĻʿȥԿգ˽赶ɱ֮ơ֮û漰Ϊǻ壬ջǵøμֱ档
ΣǻںյĹ۵㣬ǿѧ޹£ϣѧϵľ˳ϸһѧź˼룬˵ѧ漼ɡ
󣬾ǲ˾ӡǣ˾ӡ˽֮ǳ˳֮⣬òʲôɾרſ˳֮ܳȨǱΪ飬ϣ身Լ
ȻȵЩϢųȥʿֶʱը˹һ㣬ҪûǣǴָʹģʵҲѲ²⣬ոյΨһľͷڶվҲ֪ڱ
Ҫ˲֪ǼĪΪ
ºܿ͵õ֤ʵ
ҾΪĸΪ̫ˣȻ赶ɱˣҾ£˼ҺҲˣô˻ģǾվš
˳ָ˾ӡǱΪ飬ǣʮ˾Ӷ࣬ΪѾ˶֮꣬ٲǾˣһǳõĻᣬΪǵĶ棬ЩƽѹǵˣվһߣԶֻվں棬Ͼⳤѽ۵ĹУǾܽԼ˼ѧʶչֳ˼֪в֮ʿ
˾ӡ˱ʿ֣һͬԸյģǻɵģշʿ壬ˣǿѹͷߣ뵽ʿв˶ǵΪе߿Ǽָ𣬽˾ӡﻹ˵ȥҺյ鷳ֱӸʿ
ԭмƣţǾϣʿֽոϳȥֻҪû㣬˼ƻûȥǺһƹͽǸ˹ȥȫôҲûϵջþһĨǣǰٿĪ磬ȻǺܲˬҲڶԺ¶֣ҪǷˣΪԼ͵ĻǸʿ֣ҲΪ˾һ£Ϊһ£Ž赶ɱ˵ģ˵˵ȥǽ赶ɱˣʿôܻ֧
ֻȥЩ˽ͣû֮æĽͷö
ҳһţձֵУ⼸Цģû棬Ϊ棬ǲܳģҪĻʿһվľǺţʿ϶ͻͬ飬ֻܶţ˸ЩˣûʿΪе뷨ҲŸ˼䣬ǾͱʲôʿԿҲңҲ
Ȼеӣԣǿġգʽټա
΢ղμʺ󡣡
бĿºգԴֵζ˵ͻǲСѽߵŵãͱһ㣬˵Ͳܵ͵һô
ڨڨʺ󣬾΢ϻݣ˼ܲô
ҪƱ磬ǿûдȥͱˣ˵䣬н֮£㻹ú÷ʡһ¡
΢治ǽƱ磬̸۵£˹Ҵ£ͬǳе£ǹ¹ۣ˭ǱֶΡֵ˵ʿˣ£΢ֻҵǶ΢΢ǻ飬Ҽ縺Żݵ䡣
ɱơһһ£Ϊ֮µʱǸûа취ȲѲŴӦ½ġǵìܣҲΪ¡Ҳǽղеģ궼¹ʷҲûмˣƫƫҪˣ˵ҪˣɲС£֪ɶĻô˵ң¶ס㡣˼Ҷϣڿׯϣ㵹ãϰ±ߣͲʡʡô
лʺġǹһһ£ΪǱҪģĻɴģݻͳƣ˵ĹģԽԽÿ۵İڳɱӣɼǲĵģҴƹϣ˵Ĺģ϶ԽԽҲԽԽ࣬ȵʱһ£ܾͻһʰʺĪҪǣǳʤﺰǾ䡮ֺġ
ȷб׶ˣ跨֮ҲûбҪϳˣ켣ڹٳҲһˣؼ򵥵ĵҲ֪ºڣ㣬ܹ
ġ
պĵͷ
һ£ҵ˼ǣ㲻ЩСҲܹĳŵ
յͷδʲôС汾£ΪڳԣֻСһ׮
ﾪȵοܣֻķѵһǮƣ㽫ʳӶʮҲҪһۣԼϺ𣿡
Цʺ󣬴ȵ÷ķѵǮǲĽÿһǮڵˡ
üһ壬˻Ǻ⣿
æǰָ˴̰ۣȻп϶УҲɺԲƣ͵ûκ̰۵Ĵڣǳ͢ģķѵǮǹǮκһ˵ģⲻԼǮȻҲۣ˹ˣҲˣһ㣬һ˭ֻأٳɶ࣬ȫ˵ҲһСĿѽ
Щۣǳ͢ߣЩԱɹ۰գѣͲȥŸӺİ취ֱȥѡ˵ɽõöΪ޴İ취˷ȥǲȥǱİ취һٸǾһǧȥ򵥴ֱҲ˵ڰɵ˺һٸ˿ɵ£ȴһǧȥ㲻ǮҲóԲ١


1590 һҴһ۹
˵䲻޵
Ƭֵ̣ǽƾˣֻǲܹġ
յͷЦʺ˵ǣƾһ㣬ȻǲܹģһΪؼΪϳƶϵȱݣҲ޴̸Ϊٸİ취ҲȥִУҪƶȻϣȥ˱øãΪǶ޻̸֮ҲǳΪʲôϣϳˣǸı䡣
ֻҪģʽض˷ѣԼڰյİ
͢ǶԵģֻҪʳάֳ͢һ£͢ûƵطϵĹԱ
ͷԸϳˣָ֮ôأ
յǾͼ򵥶ˣ˾ˡ
ˣֻ³ɱ߰ɡ
ϡΪ󡪡
Ⱥս˵꣬ϡΪкιϵ
Ȼйϵս͵ֻ͹Ʒ֮ΨһΪ͢ĴӣκһΨһôȻͼ۸񲻷ơ˵ĻǲΨһģӵϵĻҹͣĴô͵ķȻñࡣñ˵ÿһǧҴ˺ϣҪõʳһʯôƽÿҴ͵ʳʮʯѣͣҲԸġ
ûҲһǧҴѽ
ֻһȷѡ
ڨڨһЦϱóó׵Ŀʼص̴Ʊػȵӣ˽Եö̴࣬ÿһˣʳҹҹݲֹһ㹻ʮ֮⣬˻һ׶ˣֻһߣյ㣬Ļʱã̴ûͿԱһ㣬һߣ͡ñ˵һһ򲽣ԶȲһٸһ򲽵ġңﵽһٽʱȻֻһˣΪ˻ǮһһٸҪࡣ
ҲƶǶⲻҪΪһͳߣҪ֪ÿһϸڣֻҪ֪յƻʵ
ζһ㣬Ϊ˵̫ˣţǲбĿģǣѹס
պͦаյģôпܽ˸ϳˡΣ˶ڳ͢ԣǷǳҪģǾˣ˵Ҫ½ˣΪ𣿡
յǾ仰ϡΪΨһΪ͢ʳĴӣʴԵ󣬿ǵȵǧΪ͢ʳʱôͻԵϡƽͬһ㣬ûʲô˵ģֻһѡ
⣬ֻ͢ǽʳˣǽȨˣػǳ͢ͺñȣ͢ҲҪÿ٣ֻǰգɷȥԼǾͺˡ
Ҳˣʳˣǳ͢һЩרŵĲţֱӵɻʼҾȥӵϼӣͷزţĻܸЧĹܿأ˵ĻҶǹ٣͢ȥල
Եͷ˼Σ˵úеûô˭Ҳ֪ôĺʲôⲻҵٴĴҲֻʧһǮǹҴ£ɵؿǰ
յʺģûдһͷϳˣ֮Ҫ꣬ϣ𽥼˵Ĺģһϳˡ
΢΢ۺգƬ̣ͻȻʵһõİ취
㶣ͻȻ˫Ŀһ׹Сʺ˼ĪϣǨ
ܹһ𡣡
յʺ󣬾͵λöԣǸף˵ˣȷӷһЩǳ˷һһϦ֮£ʳԸıġʺɲҪǣȫһĸڹеټ߶ôһأʦƵĻ͢ƿء
Σ˵ǲܵģ
յǵǣֻżҪһ⣬ϳˣ̴ĻҲܹٽķչ֮ʵܻݼգմȥ˺ֻǻݼٵģ̴ĻӸó׵ƱػΪµľģǮȻߣʱһжˮɡ
ǺεȾˣȻúԸס˼Σͷ˿ұĲ١˵һ̾Ҳ㣬˵Ļֻ±
չֵһṼºͻʺΡ
Цŵͷ

ڼ֮ص޹յһЩ۸֪Ρ
ĿҲֻ֪ǲб¿Զĳŵںվôȥȥ˽⣬Ҳ
ͷıӦǵġ֪Ƿȥأ
΢һο
ҡɲС£Ҳԡ
εĿ˼ãͻȻܹ͵ĳʳӶʮ޵Ըȥһԡ
֪ǳںֿ
е£ϱѰҲֻʣһ߾ΪǣҪвĲ䣬Լߵެ䣬ԳҴƣǻõȵƻɹ֮󣬷ܳ׿ƵأެĻЩһֱţɼҰĲСҲ޵ĸ󻼣ܹʳӽ޲ſӵһ֧ǿľӣ֤ެѹơ
˵ùȻûҪתǳϦ֮£Ҫӳ顣ͷǱ¿ǵꡣ֮һֱϣתϣܿ¤ţǣƵǶΪߺͬʱôܽĶƣҲõȶ֮󣬲ʸ̸ơ
ЦԸղҪʧǡ
ξǻ֮ԴӦգȫǱձƵģӲǱպƵģǿԾܾģֻյı䷨սԲǸ߶ϵģο׳־ģھ֮£Ƴͳ£ͼҲģ֮ͽһֱС
Ŀǰ˵ƾɨƽͻʣϱ԰ΨߣһЩв߾⣬ѾڴƵ۹жвֻаķݣܷһٽҪĶެټδȫȹެҲģֶܱެѹƣެһѣܾͻңǷǳµġ
ûʲôʳʴˣδӦյΨһԭ򣬾ǶʮʳֻҪ㹻ʳӵиӵǿľĻܹѹסެ̶ĿƣܽһӵĻͻҪƵİͼŵһԭʵ۴δ̤ܹһ㣬ƵƣػʺڶδɵΰҵǧŵһۣҲʱа塣
ɼ֮¾С£ΪŴƵδ
֮ξʡʥּʽ⺫ΪӵѲʹר֮£ҽԭƹ˵鵽£ʵǽϳɻֱƹܡ


1591 򵥰취
Ҫˣ
帮ӵεָʾһ̾Ϊβ⺫ΪӵѲʹһֱӹ鵽£ԾҪĸ㡣ֵ±´δҲ̫һ㣬ƾһشľ
˵ţڡ
ڳֹҪȫӦףֹգôտܾͻױ治̫ȥﺫա
ڿ԰
ȴһЦȻôбµĵҵˡ
帮һ㶣ʲôʱڱʲôˡ
ⲻ֪ڱյһˣ˵ĻʲôˣܲԼôҪ˸ʲôܲæô˵ģڳȷ޳ĪĹԱӰҪһЩ
ϢһȨ񶼴ʧɫֻǼӷ⺫ΪӵѲʹֻһ⣬ǿŤתģһ鵽ôǽʧȥ˵Ӱ
⶯̫һ㣬ǸϾӦ
Ҫ˵ȥֹĻȵóӺõķǶΪ˵飬ԼôܹõĳõģֻȿմôŪֻҪйʧǲܷҲźһģϾⲻ˼ѽ
յõȨ̸֮Цƾӵׯ԰棬Ȼڴ֮ǰȽЦЩ֪˳ȻҲϣܹŮɻѽǣԼӵ¡ԪĵѩλˣӦˣ̰Ĳ㣬ҲǧŴɣΪǧǧˣƾþǶԷ̰ĵ
ͬʱȥмšɽš˼šＯŵǰ顣ֵеѡһٸḻҴδ¹ʵ˹٣̸

ǳټˣ⼸Ȼһֱڻѣȴһֱ£Ϊ˵̫˼ˣҪǱˣƾһЦ֮ǶԷǺգһڴ漣ˣʴԴǳڴһֱڵȺյٻ
Ϊǹ飬ӵ֮£йƹܣձõİ
ǰǹⲻȥ
վׯ԰ſӭ
֣ЦˣǺҪĳĵطܷԸĳؽ߾ܡ
仰ĳɾͷˡ
ֱӽá
һţǴһѾǽ˵ͼȫйںӵģ˺ӣȫӵϡͼС
Ǻյķϲе϶ѭĳ˳򡢹ɣһȥģΪһȥĻһĳЩ谭ǷǳͻƵģе϶ĻĳһѣôҲԴĵѰС
Ȼֻ˵ϰ߶ѡ
һ㣬֣ǸЦ
Ŷû£û¡
֣ǶͷȴһЩðֱȽɵˣһһ룬ʲôʲôطҪһֱֳ֪ΰ¡
Ǻյׯ԰ǵȻԺΪ
ҲϾ˼ǵϰߣ֮󣬱ӦҲ֪ҽΪ¡
ͷ飬㲻ǰҲ᲻ģΪҲǳ棬龿кܹһǮͶʮʳ̫˼顣
չһЦ̸ϣʵⷨ˵ʵǼ򵥲
ֻǫ飬Цǫˡ
˵ġ
ָָܱǽϵĺӵͼʵҵİ취Ѿдˡ
𣿡
գȲĴ˿ֻǷǳͨĺӵͼЩڹҲ٣ЩӵƵģûʲôƻ棬һԵĺա
Ц֪һÿɼСʱûɵʲô𣿡
ҡҡͷ
ʵ֪һҴͶʳÿܹжԶ𣿡
Լ

մĻҪ׼ȷݡ
ɲ֪
ֵֿ֪ÿͶʳȥ𣿡
΢һҲֻ֪һţ׼ȷݣҲ֪굽ﳤʳٲһǻҲûһ׼ȷݡ
˵ǡ
Цŵͷҵ취ǽԼ׼ȷݡÿÿɶٻɶʱʲô˸ʲôĻͨһϵеļ㣬óһ׼ȷֵҪÿ˵Ч󻯡ΪһÿľǷǳ޵ģ˵Ϣһƣ֮ʣ±ģھʱȴ±룬Ǳÿһ쾫ΪʱΡоÿһҴҪˣ⴬ֵý󣬵Ͷʳü
˵˶٣ֻһϸڶѣкܶܶϸڡһΪҪɽᵽ˳Уν˳߲ǲҪȥ춷УұУͣұͣ
ü˵Υ칫Ҳֻа
칫ֻżܵ˵ǹƽģ첻ѩղգʴˣֻҪƢԣһжü
ֵƺ볤ӵˮˮĵһǸӵصƳרŵĴֻ֮ƺӣƺ֮볤ͬʱǻԽƺӡֳɶΣÿһεĺʺϵĴֻȻˮˮ򣬵ȵȡ
У򡢼ڡӶΣʲôʱ򣬹εʲô磬ʲôڵˮͣʲôˮߣʲôʱкˮһض˽ȥӶƳһдʱΣһӶε䶼ʱϡ
ͷǣּ̫Ӵˣһͷ衣
ЦǲǾͷΡ
ֱͷЦͷǡ
յȷʵǳӣΪôҲ취ڡ˵ţָһȦЩͼ㷽ʱһģһһӴӵĹ̡ǡ˵ţһͼһĻֻ÷ǳ򵥡ʵõľѧ˼룬һǳӵѧ⣬զһۿȥܾ÷ǳѣֻҪ㽫һѧԽϸԽ򵥣ȵʵֻҪüӼ˳ܹ
ԵͷƺһЩ
ټ˵ֳɿĹȻÿһƵЧνٳɶ࣬ÿһڶԼһЩЩʱ䣬һǮһ˻ô㽫ֵԽϸ£ɱԽͣЧʽõһĳɱʮЧʣǺǣʵһԼ˺ܴء


1592 򵥵
ǲĲأ
Ȼǡ
ܹУӭˡ
ɻܹ˴Ƶ
ƼܹһԼƣͨ
һ棬ΪûͻԵĹ̼ͬҲܹﵽĿġ
ǲȡЧĹģʽ
ţеİ֮ñһκӶΣʵʱдǵȻֿʡ¡Ƚ𿪼㣬ȻһϵȻܹ͵ĳɱһǷǳɹ۵ġҡͷֻ̾ˣ򵥵İ취

հڰ֣ҲˣϱҴǶ಻ʤֻ´˶һרоȥˣȴٽݾҲԵԭ˶ѧѧֻҪվˡ
գüĬһͻȻ泤̾һǲ
һ㶣γԣ
ЦֱҡͷҲ֪Ƿ˵ʵͬŶ൱⹤飬΢ʰΪܹ֮⹤飬ΪʵѧΪ̫ʥϲĻ˵ҲԼҲ滭ΪܣͬУ䲻ˣἰ࣬뵽ĻʱȥΪ仭Щʱʹͬūһ޳ӵϣöѧϰ
Ǵشѽɺ㲦Ȼ˳࣬һδܴﵽյĳɾͣӦýİ纫һ׵۵İÿ˵Ĳܡ
ĳû뵽ǰ΢΢һֵĪ룬һƬõܹټֵܹΪṱʲôʲôûУһŹͼȴ츣ˣ˼ס˱ؽΪܳ׵ˣЩŪī֮ˣڹͼȡ÷Ƿɾͣں˵Уֻ緿䡢֮ˣҲֻ֮¡
ڰֵ඼˵࣬ǶλᲢۣҲǻȻʣں˵۹⡣
ϾɲǺգԱȺš
ֵǴ˷Ҳ޷ɽ֮ա
˭˵ܣ
ȡɽĺӵͼһ죬
սӵͼƽ̿Ŀǰļԣôɽ֮գһƻӵøգֻܺȥάǸı䣬Ȼ޷ı䣬ôΨһİ취ƵУҲһֱǿģҪС
ʮ·
ָͼ
յͷ
һҪ¿ţʳһöһֻɻɱ
սѹȥǽְᵽ˵أ
һ㶡
յ˵زԶʵֻҪֿܱ߲ⶼᵽһôǾܽЩֿķѵǮͶ뵽˵ңֻҲתˣôһƬΪһֿ⼯еأӳɱήͳɱ
ñ˵һͷ¿ֻΪ˻ôһæµʱҲôգһͷ¿Ĺʱ䣬ôһ㣬ҼæµۣĹЧʣǲֿ⼯еأôͷ¿ɻļֵԶԶֻΪ˷ʱ򣬶ǿԺĹ滮ʱ䣬ÿ춼õϢȡĹЧߣ¿ˣ˸ˡ
ڴֻôֻҪһ׹ģʽвɽһµĴֻμˮƺӿǴһƺ֮μˮôȻΪμˮһʺμˮʻĴֻ
Ȼ򣬡ԶԶԣЩһ㡣
ֵ촬ôЩ˻ǳԸΪһǮģʮ·͢ҲҪһǮ˻ǳڴ޽һׯġ
һ˾úܣԸΪ򵥣ѯʱյȵ֮һн
գҲûжˡ
ȻҲҪɱ⣬Ҫӵ⡣
񳤽ƺȻӵȻһЩˣϤˮ˽⣬Ǵ˺˹ӵͱ˽⡣
˽⺫յ׼ƻ󣬶̻
֮Ĵŵ⡢޷㡢Ԫܡ֣У˺յׯ԰
޷ԭҲɽǳʴ˺ܿ͸˹
ɽ֮´ô
֣ʵ
֣еͻȻҪת½ˣһжʱȣһʱóɣѾźˣҵһҲѾȥ
յͷͻȻʵ½·ðɣ
֣£СɲǹߵģȻǺܺãǻȥؿСҪУµó޵·
бĿһƳһԵ⣬񼣬·ǮԸ⣿
һ㶣ҪʲôӰתƵôҲǿԵġ
޷Ͻ룬ԭŽҪǮѽ
ҡ
˵һ֣ͻȻ㶣תţڨڨǺǣ͢涨еĴֻôߣҳ˼ŵȻԸΪ͢ǡ
±ˡ
Ԫ㶣ֲ̫ԾѽŪ˰죬ôƳŹмġæ񼣬ʲô飬ҹм˼ɽҲûгʲô⣬ƾʲôҪеĴֻСߡ
ȻСĻôмžͱһֻҲˣǱض´˼ܹܶĶһʮĵ·ܹǮҪĻֻҪ͢´һگ׼ɽ˼̾ͻȥ·˵ׯܵûѽ̸Ǯ˸顣
мֵһ´ɽ䣬ǵĹмţʴԪֵܱ÷ǳ
бĿԪܣҽʳǹмأ

Ԫܷ·Լˣ˵ʲô
˵һ顣
Ԫ˰ΣûЦɣ
յѵֻǿЦǶΪ⻧ͦеİ
Ԫܵⳤʳ˸ô
յ͢˵Ĺģһֽ͡
Ԫźܲ˼飬ѽҹмŹģ̫СԼҵæʵġ
û͢ǸǮͣɲͣȻģǾ˰ɡɽأ
ȵ¡
ԪܸϽһ̧˵͢Ǯͣ
յͷѵԸѰﳯͣ͢ٺҲûˡ
ԪεĶ׾øƨƵãɥźգøǿһѽõôô
֣һ⾿ʲô£
յǰգ¼ӷΪӵѲʹҽڻר֮¡


1593 鵰е
Ե棿
Ԫʵ
յͷЦڴˣԡ
֮ϲ
տ˵ĴһֱҲΪȡ棬нգȫƾգʴ˺յȨԽԽǿġ
Ҫ֪ڵ֮У֧ˣ㹻Ψкһˣ³޼Ը֧ˣҲ֪ηչ
ô£϶͵¿ˡ
⡢޷˿Ƿǳ
֪龿Ǻδ㣬ҪҵɷԸ
۷Ź⣬ѾˣһԾ˼δĻᣬһץס
΢΢ЦҴƵĹϣйԱ࣬ԼƻӶĹģҲԽԽƱػӶڰյۣΪԸӰյĸʴˣϣһֵͣӶյĸ»˵ˣòҺ죬ô͢𽥽ˣܵ˵Ĺģ
û˵ҪϳˣøԼأ˵ֱӷϳˣô޿֣ҪȻһ㣬һһĸǣǳͷ뵽Ķеĳͻ࣬Ƕ߶Чġ
̵֣ǳ͢ǣȻԸЧȮ֮͡
Ԫһ㶣æǹмҲˡ
ȻǶڴӦǶȴһ֣дӦô죬Ϊ˲ƣҪúáԪȴΪһҶ󣬽мŷչ˵ƱػѹǹмţȻˣβȷˣˡ
ҴӦˣ޷ǿĵҪֻ촬ģмźɽŵҵԽҪĴֻԽ࣬ǾͿԷˡ
ȱæŴӦֻ˵Ļκ˶ҲҪר¡
˵ˣֵҴ˻ᣬȥǰ־ģʽȡһȫµģʽ˱øЧ͹淶ȡΪǽʡĳɱøʳ͵
ԪܾϲҵԸꡣ
ҲǷ׷׵ͷڴźա
ղδ˵һм䡣
֣еĿȥֻͼǹͼҲǻ֪ʲô
һϸָͼƻʾͼ
ʾͼ
⣬˽һ㶡
ЦţͼͼǾ÷ǳ˲ļƻִģվȻ뵽ͼչʾʵ̫ˡ
ԽõĶԽ򵥣Խ⡣
տʼ󣬴̾׹ͨ׶ѽ⡢޷ɲʲôĻˣ⣬ſʼ񲹣ѧϰ֡
յӪģʽǴһЧϵͳҲ½ˡֳɣʲôʲôֶ䣬ڸתӵأôֿ⣬νӣ⣬ɽգһڵֿ⣬½ˣƹգ㹻ĿƼ֧֣Ļȥ춷ҾڸضСֿ⣬һпܵϸڻ
⣬ǾÿκдʱдƾͺǸ㲻ģҪϤЩӵ⡣
ĴŵˣüԣĿ⼱·𿴵һƬ´½Ƶá
취˵Ǽ򵥣̺ѧɶǷǳȽġ
ò˵һϯȥΪǶʮ·򵥣Ҳǲİ
ȻҲὫÿϸȥǽֻͣǷǳŵĽһ£ҪǸһ׹ģʽİ
žǻ˰ʱձϸ񡣶ĴŵˣȴüʾͼĬǵúúһ¡
˵ĳɱĳǵⷶΧڣ˵һ˸ЧЧļֵǶأһҴʱߣƽʱ߲жأЩǶû㣬Ȼ㲻棬ǾͲȥͶ롣Ͷһǧȥ׬һǮǿͶʵõطܹ׬ȡʮᡣ
Ҳżɳ£Ʒõȴ
úһĴŵһ˼ţһ˹΢΢һЩҡΣһͷؽĸо
֮˻ǳĬ
ҲûдǣеĺŲ裬żһ¡
ֹðΣԪڿڵ飬˵öǳеˡԪ޶ۣʵ
ЦҵĻҿԸǣһһϵ󣬳ɱٿԽһ롣ǲҲûйϵΪһԿ϶ģôһͳɱЧʡ
ԪܵԲ죬˵ԼͳɱЧʣҪܶܶĴܶܶĲֿ⣬ͶҲǷǳ޴ġ
Ҳǿɥμˮ֮ƺӣƺ֮ˮҲ˵ǵĴ촬Уֻɽǳ˼Żܹ𣬿ȫӵмźɽҲòôǮͶ뵽ȥ촬밡
֣к޷ҲƵƵͷ
ƻʵ̫Ӵˣ˳֮͢⣬¼ûܹóôǮУҲȱʵԵġ
ȴ΢΢һЦδҲ̫̰һɡ
Ƶ̰أ
ЦôḶ́ȴֻԼһ£ⲻ̰ʲô
Ԫܵǲһ£ǺܹҵֵҲܹġ
Ԫҿ̽һ壬¢̣ûκ뷨Ϊ֪мǳԲ̵ķ֮һȫӵ붼ǳֲ
Ŀһɨ̾˵ôǲǰأ
޷æ˻
յǿɲҪǣǴĴţĸˣνţɺܶɵôǿһЩ˽ʽأңҲҪһλ콥ݼƻȥתģҵĿ֮ڽӪģʽռȫ
ͬʱΪ˼ǵĸֿĲ֣ɳ͢ȻǡģǮǳģǳ⡣оǣ͢ˮǳأ֯һЩ˳һЩС伯ţרŸ𵱵ص䣬ͺñ÷ĴţҪǸϱģ䣬Լĺˡ
ڳ˺͢Ѹṩѵص㽨촬ģܹǵ֧
ȻǻΪĵĻ͢ͻ֯µ伯ź촬š
ôһ̾ࡣ
ȣֿⲻҪԼ졣ʵֿҲܽˣΪƻУֿǷǳؼĽڵ㣬Щڵֺӵģ͢Ҫȫ˵ĻΪ˾ͿܴƺյĲ𣬶ң䣬йҰȫ⣬佻ˣֿҲˣô˾Ϳֱӽӽ˵ǺֲܿģҲܻӦ
ְ͢ǼܣôֿõļܷʽܹͳƳͳϣᴫﻧҲܹ˽ȫľ״


1594 
飬ͶǮǵø˼һرġƻͶ޴󣬵ǼЧƺǳ
Ԫ淺ǵ
ĿǰĻԣʲʲô£ΪҵչķǳãȨǮҲطͶʣͶҪлرġô޴Ḷ́ǰڶǮ꣬˭Ըꡣ
Ц˭˵Чƻ̼Ч
̼Ч
ⲻ̫ŵ̼Чò˵촬ҲҪʱյġ
պǺǵǿɱǣƻǵ˸ĸ棬ô˵˽˵Ĺأܼ򵥣ֻ
ֻ

յȵǽˣȻٿʼұ˵ûйȣܹĵ𣬳͢ҲĲ𡣹ʴˣ͢Ὣһִֻǵģ۸񶼺ҿڸͳ˽ֻ޲װһ£תøɽУ͢Ƕٴֻ˵ὫٵĻｻͣ͢Ღǣǵõʽ֮󣬾ͿǮͶ뵽ȥ˴ֻʽܹ̾תΡ
˵ͻȻվȥʾͼǰ档
֣ҲϽ˹ȥ
ʲô
ϸʾͼ滭һȦǿʲô
ʲô
˶һĿźգϸ񣬱ʶǣȦȦ
г
շ˷ۣǵҵ񣬻ϾͼһЩ棬ЩСгЩСгǾ޴ġ촬䣬ггԽǵԽߣҲΪǽԼɱ
ĻֻһߵĻһ˷ѻǷǳߵģڼĻĻôÿ֮䶼ܹ棬ʴˣߵһʱɱѾˣôɱȻҲή͡Ҳ˵һ׶ˣΪʲô۰յ£Ҫķ˶ǮƣҪԭһߡ
ҵƻϸָĵӵ˸гؽĻ͵ĻҲԽ࣬Щµĵ㣬ؽҲǵɱӣȵ֮ÿӯӴ󵽵޷ĵز
վˣɶĸ̣ḻôһ㲦Ȼܹ⣬в͸˷ܵĹâ˴š
Ԫ˷ܵƻ˾̾ҵҲԸУֻ²˾ͿԾģǻûȥһ¡
ҲǷ׷׵ͷ
ˣǴǵ֪ѾˣֻҪǶģôⲻΪǵĺߣһЩ棬ǺܾͨЦǵȻϣܹҴ𸴣ΪһҪﻮ
һ
̸֮󣬼˶˲Է̾͸˻ȥ
Ϊһƻ˵ֻ꣬ȡ˶ѣҪȫضʵĻûʮʮ꣬ǲܵģǱ߻ΪǹģʽǺӵ̵ļչʴͬҲӦóס
˵һԸıʱļƻ
ọ̈̄ͨôСũñؽ߽⣬ȡ֮Ľҵ
ûƭǣ޷ģ֮£Ҳֻк֪澿ж١
Ϊһ󳼣һԱҪ߱ҪưգҪƻʵ۵Ŀڲţܳɹ
Ĵ̸֮ô͸øʵ̸̸ˣ֮ǰûиʵ̸Ϊûг룬˵Ը˽˳ǮǶʮ·ҾҪţ˽Ǣ󣬾˺Ļվ㹻ĳȥʵۣһ̸һЩʵԵ⡣
ټҪ£ͲͷΪ͢йƶȵģҪֻҪ󳼲룬ȻĻͬƷûˣΪǰЩӵĻ飬ֻɽ¹ʵģҪ鼶ģҲû뵽һͻŴУĿĵģ߱𼶱Ļ飬˵ҲݹԱҪֱµìܡ
ǳƻ
վʾͼԣϸ¡
Ρ帮˷׷ǰյʾͼˡ

¬첻ҡͷţȻûпǵʲôɱ⣬޵һֹģʽһȫµĹģʽǰҪȽࡣ
ʦǵ£˷Ϊ˶ǳΪڳ͢Ĺ
οʾͼͷԲ޷Ҳܵ
յ£λ֮ǰһ׹ģʽܹΪ͢洦
˵

յһֿ⡣һȫµĹģʽ£ֿⶼɳ͢ǹ˽ã͢ʹãٳһЩˡһ潫Ǿг־ԵģãŻԽУ͢ҲԽߣֿ͢ԽһʷѺ棬˵֧
һ׹ģʽ£ԽƽַӵµĵزʳֿȻڳ͢ģô͢ȻҪڸͷܻƣڹ˰ϵݸص˰صľáҪʵƽֱַӿѡù˰⣬ʳ϶أ̧߹˰ֹطʳͽֹһۣ֤ũ棬һЩʳǸյĵط˰貹ôصʳܿͻ뵱ءһͲҪĴʳķ˺
ӦơŸزֿ˽Ӷ֤˻ľԣͻ¼¡ñ磬ǵľڶսݱջ٣ǳյϢȻسＯʳǰߡһģʽ£Ϊزֿһдȵ͵أֻ͢ҪһЩǮǵʳҲһӦģôٶȣֱӴǰĲֿ⽫ʳ͵ǰߣңֿѾҪ棬ͨ˴Ϊǰ߽ʿʡʱ䡣
ȻֻһӦ¼ЩֿܹںܶӦ淢޴ЧӦ
ģȫϢͨѶóָܹ͢죬Чʵ
壬طشȥƸƵطص˵ػǱȽƶģҪΪǵصʳ㣬ҵ·޷ϵһӪģʽ£ҪĽȫĻЩʳأƷȡʳͲƸ
˵˻˵տûи˵ЩȻҲɱ⣬˵ЩǹغңҲһӪģʽҴ洦Ͷ롢ɱ⣬ո˵Ҳ
Щ⣬ǶһͶΪǾѡ
ǼѣЦ˾٣׷س˹ĳͬ죬ͬӣ
Ŀ˸˼£ҲԼǣ˷ȷԣ
帮һôʱմһȥˣϸһ룬Ҳ׹͢Աø죬Ч˭ȻǶѽǼ˵طصȨǿȨ£Ǳ޳ĪֻܽطԼȥñƽַֻܽԼʳҲ˲ȥϢٵĻôԺܿõϢҴָ
ˣʵ۾͸ˣȡӪģʽʲôڶʹͿ϶ҪˣƳڵĽڶʹΪʲôôǿ󣬾ΪŲԼвΪؼûвȥ̸Ǿˣå˼ҴΪǮ˭Ǯ˭ġ
ʳǮһȨʵûӣǽ˵طصȨ֮£Ȩˡ
ñ˵㲻Ҫڴ󶼻ôԶĵطȥڻʳܱ߶ڻͿˣֻҪڴ󶼻ڷ֤ʳͿˣһ󶼻Ҫʳ̷ֿܱ߲ȥֻҪͨصϵͿԽȨɢ
ȻĿǰԣܷôãֻһֳ룬ҪﵽֵزҪŬΪ·̫ߣûˮ·䣬ԭЧûģҲһսɵġ
μ俪ĵĺյļ򣬵価ܷȥһ֧㡣
л£ʹ
úúã


1595 ݱ
ȫ˽⺫յļƻگԼɽ¹ʵźǿ͢һ˸մȥĸƵ¹ٶȷδ˵ֱӷϳˣ⻹ڸԼء⣬ǲ⣬͢ۼ˰գһĸ𣬾ûϸ˵Ҳǽ身ȥ
ŴĸٶҲǰûУ˾ˣҲǺսģΪҪԼˡһصĸעǰҪˡ
ȻİչĵҲǸûɶϵۣ֮ǹغ°յģҲΣ͢θĸνһյ֮ࡣ
ô˵εһگȥ֮󣬾Ƕںյ϶ΪĿǰ˺յƻԣҲûõİ취ܹ˸մĸ
յƻ֮ͨ˳谭٣Ϊƻȷʵ߽ײԼͽײ㶼ǳġ
ǻ˵ûʮİգվͻţȥǿĳЩģҲǧְҵȥǿΪϣԭеĻϣȡ棬ôվͻɱӣǲġʵܶ£ǿȥȡģΪղͲ̫ԸΪ˸ŬֻȡԼƻ֮ڵ棬֮Ļһ㲻ȥ롣
ɽô¹ʣȥµģô¹ʣ֪εøһ˵ôҲһЩ̬ôһᡣ
غ㶨ɣȻͳνײԼͽײ㶼˻ôмײ϶ܺһ
ܹлȡģһ㶼мײ㣬ʵеǳXΪʵ۾Ҫô࣬ôҲøûȥıġǴвǵĻʵۣҲ࣬ǵطԱͨأԱҲùࡣ
ǴƵľģ˵תģôͷһظĸܺߡ
ȨǺˣǵֻʿָʩһЩѹúǿѹͷߵĵû뵽ûд򵹣ǵһɧʿж۵Ĵ£û˹עʲôˣ˶ʿֶԣǶµ£˸ûһ
ңԭΪղܶԼĳŵȴû뵽վȻóһļƻҵõ˻ʵۡҪ󳼵֧֣ǸӲ֪ǣҪУһµìܳͻǾɫڴУպô
Ҫ˵֮¶帮λԣжôҪô̸ϣΪǿǽʳ˵ҶžˣôȥûжĹϵҲһֱûйܹһֱ£ôܻΪ֮£ֽҪͷȥﺫգһƫԷ͵òʧˡ
û뵽վȻܹһ취¿ǺãʱǳüչȨ
Ȩߵ˵̫磬취ܷУδ֪
ȴҲ˵취ǷУǱǶ֧֣㲻УҲõȵԶۣ󣬻ʲô˭ܹµ׼ء
һ̾Ȼ֧֣ҲˣҪڴݡ
С
Ȩ֮£ֻΣؼֱ̫涼ǣΪǽ˭ὫǷ
ʵ˵õΣ
Ȩ΢һΪٽƻô£һҲ겻ɵģҷϳˣҲһһϦģ˺Ҳֻǵ棬˵棬ֻҪǽϢͱȥ˹Ա֪յʵĿģһǶϺգôսѵľأҪôϳˣҪôǺǣı䷨޷ȥ
һ̧ѿôڰա
Ȩ˻
ǴϢ֮°նֺ֧յģʹصĹԱ뷴ԣҲ޼£ΪǷУؼڰգϳˣȻۣ֮Ȼֺ֧գնֺ֧գЩطԱġ
ֱͷ֮
ȨҲУҲУѵǾͿźͷô
üΣҪֹǺѵģĿǰġǲô䣬Ҳ޷ıĵλˣˣֻҪǴôͱܵǵĹƣҽ취ȥֹգ룬ǸзԼãӶȫĵλ
˵˶٣ֵںյļƻУֿ⻹ǹ鳯͢ܣôֻҪĲֿ⣬ҽ佨ȫĲֿ⼯еأôĵλ᲻ֻҪĵλˣôǵĵλȻҲˮǴߡ
Ȩ侲˼˵òǰڣִ̫ڸյĶδȥǣǡǡ෴þһ£ǾУͬʱԼ⡣
Ҵ¶԰棬ǿɲúģˣǵڴоΪȡȨ棬ǵĵλܸȹ̡
ȨЦ񣬻ܵ
ɼǺϸĹţΪǸպôм䣬ʵȨ޾ȨֻܷߣжԲߵĲԣѰԼ棬ȥִܾУоȨǣ治ˡ
ҿôģĻǻúܲң˵գտЩ˹ٶûдǣҪԣߴĻǽΪ˾һģþĵĹԱҰҲֻǷַӵ¡
ΪʲôѡƻǻسȥȻȫΪһ㣬˵ģҪһϣ˲ţƻǻġ
ڵõεֺ֧󣬺ҲݱĸҪֻ֪ʱ䣬ڱóЧ֧֣ͳν׼ûʲôĵģҳõҲ˲Ϣ䣬ձðסᡣ
գѡ˹پʹ˷ϵ˺յׯ԰ڣȻЩ˹ҪݡأһˣҲطˣһִѺʳδüȥ
ְμ顣
񣡡
յĵͷĿɨ϶һЩû飬ֻһ֪ôƺѺСǣҪǵĻҪԳ𣿡
Ƴ˹ûйεģһĳƺʲôϴ֮ģ£ҲԱһһةȫ
һЩΨΨҡͷ
ȻˣΪλҪһЦȻк±ǣĻҷԳ档
Щգú˵ͦеǵĲʵ̫ˣҪǣҪǽеԼׯ԰ôⲻɱţô룬ѵк±ҵȡˣǽﻹЩڴ
һԵ仰Щ˶ںյĿֻҺҲֻǽһǳʵǶѡ
һĿɨȥ˫֣ƵţߣЦ˵úһ㣬˹٣˵òһ㣬Ǿһȵģ˳͢Ǯ⣬ǸЩҲûжǣ벻뵱һĹԱ
˭밡
Щ˷׷¶ɵЦ
ôͣҪƤ˵ɣ벻롣
룡

ܺã
յھһǰЩԭҲԴ˽⣬͢յĸۣ˴㽫һЩʳѺͣҲ˵͢ҪôѺԱʧҵ⡮ǡվˡ
ƣһָһջЩѺˣЩڿҿΪ͢£Щ£Ϊ˭أȻǾҪΪƽʱ𣬶ۣҿԸǣˣʧҵ͢ҪǡǵĻҿǵѺ¼ֵķǳãҴ㽫ǡ
ɫһϲ
ֵ˵ʳѺͣǳ͢ҲҪ˼ܣͷӵֿ⣬ȵȡǽҵѡ
ΣǰǸɵʲô£ҲǷˮȥģɹܣһѵûһμңֻǼܵĻҪɶˣеȨҲҪöࡣ
ɺʶҵȶ߾ȫ
ϲص
ЦǲҪ̫磬˵ֻѡǾ廹ÿǵǷʵѧ
һɫ֣̿ʵѧһѺģʲôʵѧ
˵ҲҪ̫ǣ˵ʵѧǶ֣ǶʶǶȫصģҪǶԼĺӵǷϤǷϤ˶ѡ
˵
ǴһǸľʮ꣬ԼĺӵҪϤģϳȥնˡ


1596 붷
ȻЩ˹ȴ֪ʵǺƻΪҪһΪյƻϸڵҪǷǳǳߣܹʡһǮҲȥǣΪƻĹؼһǮⲻǼϵͻƣҪ뾡һа취ЧʣԼɱǾϸڵĹؼ
ղδ˵ֻ̫࣬ǽһЩʵʵϢǾˣҪǸʲôܹõʲôԡ
̽ԼΪλֳʮС飬ǽԼ֪ĺӵԼԼ뷨ȷ֮ȫдȻЩѺˣֲֻ࣬һЩһЩ֣ʴ˺ոÿСһרΪǼ¼
Щ˹ƽͷׯ԰湤ҲҪκڹڶȼ٣ÿ˶˷ܲѣҲǸɾʮ㡣
⻹ԶԶ
վ⣬ڻ۵˹ǣƻ˵򵥣ÿڶýΪϸļ㣬Ҫǳӵļ㣬ӵļԼḻľ飬ʴˣҴ㽫ʽȫ⣬ϣҲܵһЩԱǰ
Ȼ˵ĻǺβس֮ΪĻͻس
ҡҡͷ˵ģǳ޷߱ģɽҲڶܵУ෽涼ҪĶ࣬⣬ڳеĻǻΪ¶ģȻûô鷳
㶣漴һͷ
ʱƽݶݳʷ
ôأԸв
ȴһҲеȣǺЦʶʱΪܰɼ濡Ҳβһȥӭλܡ
һ㶣㷴ӦЦĵͷ롣
룡
ǰԺ̼ӿ˲䣬վͥԺȨ˹ֵӴλţʧԶӭ£¡
ңҡҲǹһ΢Цðݷã֮ǡ
ǶЦݣƽˣʵȥݷλ
Ŷһ֪кָ̣
ңָ̿ɲҵղ˵ֵ˵λ롣
롣
໥ʺãһͬá
ոϽ˷裬ǽϱһ㣬˫˵Цúš
һԵգֻ죬ǵһؼֵ÷ǳ죬ڼìܻ࣬ǵȵڶؼ棬ȴֺЩȫƵãƶδѡֻԼͣȴδǻ͸
⺮ѹ󣬺һҺճӦŰݷλֻæδܼʱͷλǰʧ񰡣
Цˣҵȶ֪շǳæµ
ѵƽܹ½⣬Ǹж֡չ֣̾⼸ȷʵæǽͷöҡҾͿżɽ˵ɣϣܹõλİ
⻰һתֱ⡣
ô˵ɾͼˣҲΪǣΪҲҵȵı֣ǺʲôõǵĵطܷԸǡû˿ԥȻҲб
ϣ⡪˿治֪˵ʲôǺˡձֵǼѣλܹٺòˡ
Ȩˬ鵫˵޷
Ҿֱ˵ˡһλҲ֪һ£ϣܹյĸʴ˴ӶѺͲǡ˵ģΪ˸ĸһ£𣬵ǣҪλİƾһˣǰ첻ġ
֮⣬ûǵİ취Ǵ粽С
Ȩһۣǵ֮ɫ㺫ͣ㻹ǣƲƲˡ
Ц飬ҲҵǰĿģҵ˽⺫ļƻ󣬾ô˷νҵҲԸԾ
ȨҲǷ׷׵ͷ
ϣ㣬ٺòˡ
չϲ֮ɫģҴΪ㣬Ϊ˷أİҲ֮࣬ʴȴյۡ
գֵ̫ˣҴոл顣
Ҳæֻصһ񣬡ƽ˷񣬺տܲ𡣡
ɿһα˵á
ֵ֮⣬һ֣Ȼɽһֿ⡣
գɫһ䡣˵֣ɽǶݵĹϽΧڣʴ뻹þλͬ⡣
ɫһ䣬æЦ˵˵
ʵΪ£һۡڶֿ⡣ҪʱʵǷǳŵģֿŪˣǻĵλؽһǧɣɽҲڶܵҲʾǹܣǾνˣֻǽֿŲһ¶ѡ
ң񶼲ǿڣվȫ˵ˣҰʾǣֻƻʵʩýȥ졣
Ҷãʴ̸Ƿǳ죬˴˶Ӧ޷Ǿ潻ѡ
ɼ;ôαʱǾǳˣͬʱǾֵܣһҲš
ȻⶼǺտΪΪҲףƻҪõǵ֧֣ǴĻˣĿĲ˵ҪԼȨ͵λƻֻҪƻܹ˳ȥǱԣνʴˣһЩ棬ȡǶԼ֧֣һǷǳġ
ңֻҪļƻڣô޵еĴڣոǵģʱû


й
ԣֶһѾȴĲ裬֬㾧Ө֣еҲǰʧɫ

Ȼһ̾ͬʱҲ˼ƫͷһֻһƵ˽
æе񱭣ӭ˹ȥеһһ㣬ȡȴǺΪ̾
ΪʲôͻȻһײҵޣ˵ɽһѾ䶨ʡæʴҪسȥ帮ˣɡ˵һޡǺǣ޻ѽ˾ľ࣬γҲˡ
ԾǷġ
ӹһâȴüһ壬Ƕ˼Ҫس˵ҲΪɫ֮£ڴ棬Ƕƺźܴìܡ
գҲ̲סˣɫΪ룬ֻЩͬǵҲˣ˳֮¡£䡢˾ҲϣȻǶٶһЩ˽ģǻԹΪȡ
ΪԼӣԼеȨ帮޶ĳңڳз裬浱޺֪ôֻޣʴ˲һֱάҲһ޶ȣٲ֪ǳһգ޲ٰ
ǶףҲϣôͣҲ֪һЩ˻Ҫʢվ֪Щȥȥȥ˾ȣǲԶˡ
Ϊʲô㵽ᷳ˴ǵΪǴǶȨᣬ޼ҰϴƣҶùԼ֮׵Ȩζԣûκ洦ģεĿľҪȨɢټĳУвȨ⣬ոȨȻϣͼΣŪǾȻ׷ҽƻسΪɫһ£ڳֵǷзûȥ¡
ײ帮ˣҪسԾҪһʤĶΪɫһ£ض漰䡣
뵽һ㣬ͷ۲ѡ
¶ε£½檡
ｫ˵꣬αѾ˵޹أıǺõģֻˣ˷ˡ
΢һֵ£һԲ֪˵
ε㵫˵޷
ɫһ£漰㣬ǿƲõܻᵼ³÷ѣʱֻ»ֹĵ֮
üҲǵġ˵ţͻȻʵ֪ʺӦ֮ߡ
Σ漴ͬһ㣬ϵȻ˵ĻºβɱӺ
ɱӺüëһʺ˻
Ƕס帮֪ǳͬһõİ취ٺòǶ˲˳÷ѣֻԼ棬ڳݣΪӦøһЩѵֻҪƷˣôһ粨ȻܹƽϢ
˸һЩâδ˵ʲôֻԵͷ


1597 
ˮϣʣﻨ㣬дɫˣֻڰɽ̨ͤ䣬ܱ߻վ߰˸»
˶¬ʦ

ʦȴĶ࿴һۣǳ̾һһɽݶ
¬͵˵ĪǶλ֮
ʦͷǶżĸϻسǶҪɫһ£һʤ
¬ԣҲһ̾üչǱ£ǵҲˣƫƫɫ漰䣬вܻɴ
ʦ¬֣ҽҪ󳼣ۿŷѣѵֻ̾ô
¬üƬ̣ҡҡͷҺֹҲ˽ΪˣǲװֵģΪ󱳣ȵͷȥȰ˵֡˵΢΢һ̾˵治ĻҲֱƽʱ̫ݣڵֲصĵز
ʦͷ廹ϵѽҲֻܿ´ƽϢһ粨Ψһܹģֱ֧µľ
Ҳֻˣ¬ε̾˿ͻȻֵ˵ģҵͦյġ
ʦ㵵˻
¬ÿÿ£⳯Ұ½Ļ̻̣ΨλŴ£㿴ԴڻСȻǻδκìǣʾô˭Ҳ׵ĵվڶԷǱȥڳеԵǲģ帮סڵ˶Ҫò٣һʼȣ֮ѽǿɵúúøѧϰѧϰ
ʦͷЦ¬֮
֮ʵΪɫһ£һֱδϹ׼帮ǹһ帮Ҳֻɫһ£˵˸߳˵ǶҪֳʤΪ帮ɫһ£ڳеײôȥƱػֹ
˫Ȼã帮ˣôƱҪ϶Ҫ˶ϳȥڰæһ׸Ӳã帮ƽ⣬ֹ帮Ļͻᱻ帮ܿա⣬ֱζ޷ȥܣÿ˶ȥԡ
ȻͬǣնԴȫǲŲʣ·һԪЩһֱׯ԰˸ĸһ¡
գոԼһռ٣ر￴Сڸʲô
С˲μ顣
ոմԱ߾ͻȻܳһеһ
մ˴һֻۣʮңĽݣһɽе죬˭ּǲˡ
Ⱥѯʣ˱Сƽݵƹġ
Ŷˣƹ񡣡
ָָģЦʵΣ
æϣкĸ⼸õòˣǺľѧöѾϻˣǰҾȥϣܹһЩľѧ
ˣԭƨġչȵ𣿡
æͷǵģǵģ飬ֵĺܡ
ЦŵͷȻ֪⻹ĸǰһҲѧν֪֪ˣܰսʤҪάѧȥ¹оҲϣġҲֻ뽫Ϣ֪գϾǺ°
Ҳ㼸䡣
ĵõյͣĻŭŰ
Ľ̸֮󣬺ձȥլԺ
СҰ磬ÿô
ǰԺܵܵúһֻصҵĸоĿ濴ȥֻܵһŴĳϱȻţŤŷʷʵǵ⡣
磡
СҰȻվͥԺڣæ
硣
ܼܵգԵʮּ˳ȥͽקУ磬ҸոóУеģõطûУҴ·Կô
ҲȺջعܾܵһЩںϱȻšСҰÿô
СҰЦŵͷ
ϵЦһ߶ŽţһЦǺÿǴںϣǾ̣ˡ
ɫһ㼸˼
Цѵ˵ô̰磬ˮȥʲôѴ϶ᱻ̣ġ
ֱģʲôʱôʵˣ˵ӻᣡûĵЦһֵۣӻҪ̣еǮ̣ôߣ
ܵͻȻ
մ㵵С֣ʲô
ܵƲ̣һ͸ȥ
գգۣæС֣ˣǷǳмһ⣬ģ۹£ɾȫˡ
ЦùЦ
ܵбĿһƳ棿
շŰ۵ô˭ƭ㡣
ǵҲǡܵһЦֵʵҲͺãΪһһƵģõĳУÿ֯ôһ㣬ÿĴ嶼һǶһ޶Ŷ
ۣ԰װˣ̵ţǧܸˣСҷŶ
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ߵǰЦֵһȥɻȣҶҪˡ
һ˯¡Цٺٵ
Ҳûã
ЦһЦվߵһ£ֻ˴ͷ·ǲʮһӡ
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ܵܺǺһЦȥһС̳ӾƣСĸյһ
ճ֮һĨͣþƣþƣƻõȵܺȳһζׯ԰ȵǾƣֱҩģܡ
Цһۣ㱾ܣΪ飬Ҳᣬнޣ㣬Ҹ⻧飬Լԣ뾡Īʹ׿ն¡Ҫȥ⻧飬ֵܼȥϼȦҴ׳ɽӣصķŮӣա
ЦһУȣŶҽҵҲͱ˳乫ˡȥ飬Ҫȥ飬ֵܾ͵ñ˸͹ȥե͡׳ɽӣŮӣҪҲֻƮڿп
ˣҲʣԼߵһǳΣǳԸȥΪΣҪǳԸԸżȥ˼£ɷɣǳܣҪȥˣֻҲᷳģøԼҵ̼ʵǳɹֿС
Цõͷ˵õҲ޵ϾСӵôˣУţˡ
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ܵܺٺٵ磬⼸ûиһ棬ǿϧвٺĵطջȥˮԺʣҪȥô
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ڶգֻ۰Ͱ͵ĿЦܵܡСҰȥˣʹĸȥׯ԰
ȻĴŶûдӦǺȨǶѾӦˣڼκμƻǽĴġ
ʵҲˣĴŲܾܾģ¹ǲʲô壬һǧѷĻᣬܾտˣҪ֪ĴſɶǺһֵںնԣٷֲһҲʲô¡Ҳû˵ȫֻ֮֮ǴӦ룬Ǿϸڣþ
Ĵŵλ֮ôͿԾһЩʲô£ֹǿնļƻ
Ҫľɽֿһ£ĽͼѾƳģǰڶӰ֣պþСˣҪΪƹɽﵽɽǰֱж֣Ȼת½֣װ
СΪֱԲһȦĲֿ⣬ⶼڳ͢ģʵȷͼ󣬺վ͸Сɽſͷϴһݶʮ곤Э飬ΪȡĴۣǲֿڵصĵ·Ĵų޽ҪͶʷǳˣΪת˶ġ⣬ֿķѵĲϣȫṩ
Ȼֿ⣬ô϶øۣǮй֧ƾʲôܣ͢Լܡ
ҲӦķǳˬ죬ԼĶԼ۾񣬽ҪԵȵģһûκθԼǷֽһš
ֿҪ¿ҲȫǴֿܱ߲Ҫӡ
ݺյļƻﲻһתվһֿģֲ̫ǼʳʳͷΪƹɽؿֻаˮ·ǳģʳʱԷ̫֡
͢˽ֿ⼯еأֻҪ˵÷ãУ˵ǻ϶漰еġ
ΪȷʵҲûɶǮһǮԤڵģңǰڻò˷ѸкɽţֿһǺӯģǰڱҪͶ룬뾡취ó͢ƣǸ潻
ͬʱҲȷ˽꽫˺֮һĴֻת˺˺Ҫڽڣڴ˺תˮƺӡӵļҪڣ촬룬촬ĵطҪ˽ֿ⣬ΪݺյļƻҪݺӵȥƴֻģڽ촬ĻͿԹ˵ͷھǽڵ㣬ڵı־ǲֿ⣬⣬öٴֻ͵ڽʳкɽ͡
˺ﲻһԸ崬ʣΪǵͶʽ촬룬òǮǮȫǷţڻ壬ԤҪӹⲦʮΪ˷ѣñ֤СɽͼģſȥǮܹܿرġ
⽫Щһ¡
ĴŶɵӣƻôӣҵȻý
ɼ⵱һ治һɵĻ㻹ֻһܼңҪˣչ˵ĸܡ


1598 ɹѧ
ںڼ䣬ʽЩƷԺʿԼļԱѾȫϵˣΪǽӷϴĹûУһͶ뵽С
ȻʽҲǷǳԸһݹΪЩ˶ԣһѵõĻᣬһɹˣ⽫ǵ棬д·ǳŨһʡ
յȻûйʽǽ̸ý˴ɵЭ飬ԼƻĳԤøιĿ
£Ƿǳİ
΢΢һЦ·ŵǰϸѷĶͷѾĺ飬ĿѾԶԶĿʶ潻ʽſһ¾͸еͷֱۣӿһ½֧ǿԽܵģǾû⡣Ȼûֱ˵֧ʮᣬǸɱĽô͵õֻãԼֿ˽ʡǮ
Ǯɾٶˡ
չֵл£ȫԸ
һֱ˰
δʱ˿̿Ǹеǳοϣĳӣöʵ£帮һ֪⶷ǵģڹҺͰգûκ壬бȽϲи̵֪ѽֵһ£޵
ȴʵ֪˵£
ǹɫһ¡εûмǴĻԴ˺δ顣
ճΣش£³ΪҶеɫȴкܴı׶ˣǲѡҲǷ
εн֮
ҡͷ£Ҳû̫õİ취֮£Ѱľ£ʵʲôĳãõĳãﶼףֻǺԸΪ±ٿᣬһ飬ǲĽҲǴܹܵġ
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ѵѾ뵽˽֪֮һֱţʵ˼ɫ֮£˼δš֮ϣǵ£߻Ҫֻ¡
˵꣬ξ͵·һһϦͿԴģΪҪ󳼣˵ȴ£Ҫ룬ʱһȥɡ
ʵ۶ô˵ˣ˵ģǵ΢

粻ֹ
֣ҪسϢһпֵʵǰЩڳѾֺܵѹǳݵգԴ󳼣Ļ̡̻֪Ϊ˭Ӯң
ҡҡͷ治жϣ˭ŸҶǮһĵģΪһնûСӹԱ˼ȵߣϾô󣬿ǾԱĻͬҲ˼ȵߣ˭ұ֤Լᱻɨسš
˵˶٣ֵȻ޷ıʲôǾͲȥܣǵҪҪ֮´ã⳯ңֻҪΣҺͰգȥɡ鵽ʱһسߵ¾ͽʽǡ
֣еͷһᾡΪġ

£գۼҲƴһмƻⶨƣܷ֣ȥ
һ磬վҪ뿪سȥСæ׼񣬱ϾǸʵһߣ׼ãǲܳٵġ
ĽֵϣϣܶǾĵģֻżܹе
С飬ڼ䣬ѾˣǰҾͲˡ΢΢Ц
æ֪಻̵ֻ֮ľǳ󣬻ָܹⲻ֮
ʵúܺãӹ˵Ѿ޿޵ģôΪġ˵ջһתҪҶߣҷĵģȣɣľξ㡣֪Ϊνɣľǰô
ܱȵɣľܹܵġ
ǧҪȥȥȣûκ塣Ȥĵطʲô˶ǺˣǻˣƢģº͵ģԣҶпȡóɹ㿴С֡ЦǣǼķʽһǶȡ˳ɹһͬǵĳɹԼص档
˵տ⣬㲢δӳԼصִ̫Һյˣȡ˳ɹĵλԶԶ䲻õĳɹҶɹ̵ͷϣʧҵϣܹһ棬Ҳϣ
üҲ̫˽⣬ʵϱڶģڰﶫ£Ҳʲô⡣
յˣеɽ಻ʤͳ˧Ŀǰȴֻɣľһͳ˧Ҫ߱ܵûģƵͳ˧ңɻǽеļŵһ棬Ǳˣһ˳ģ鷳ﶼ̱ûܹŵ
ɣľǹԶѷ㣬Ͼûж飬ܹΪ˵ϴ󣬵ȴ߱ʿ򽻵ĺƣϣõĽﵽصĵزܹΣʱ򣬸ҰҲڵʱܹӦ硣
֮£ҲһЩˣЩҪǸƽǴ򽻵ϣܹԼĵλ˼֪һˣһʥˣ͸֣һ˵ݣҲܹšݵκˣ˵ʱ򣬴Ҷ
΢΢һǲĿźա
Цô̽㣿
Ŷ
ˣãҶףΪңҲô롣һôܷ𣿶᲻㽫ЩΪС˵ţһֵȫҪЩΪûбҪȻҷǳ㣬޹Ρ㽫ΪУΣ֮ԳɹƾĿɲ͵ɹƭˮ硢ֽšУЩòߵģòЩﲻһǰˣ壡
ǮĻǽеǮߣҲõģҪٵöࡣʴˣȫõһ᲻룬ԶҪȥģΪǲܴڵģԽͣӰԽĵλԽߣҾԽģΪܹҸࡣδᾭ򽻵ڣΪһҲҶ
գ˼ãˡ
Цŵͷ
ڽֵ˽ʱŻصլԺһűܴܵվͥԺм䡣
ǰļ򣬵ʲôأ
ܻܵعͷ磬ҡʲôʱôණ˵ţһָ
ƫͷһֻǱʮľһЩǱæŽȥۣǲֿٰܵܵԼöԼ֪
ֱܵҡͷҾÿȥʱ򣬾һЩû뵽ôࡣ
һ֣ЦҵһЩҪͶʲô
ܵġšһ磬ôһ˵ҵҲòǺܶˣٺ١
ʵԼöǺܶ࣬ҪһЩԵģǰζģҲܹɹһؼԭ򣬾ǻűˣ鲻УСҰˣͨܵʱЩ˵֣ζϰ߳Զ٣ܹסСҰƹֶǲȫΪЩ
ɼÿ˶ÿ츳ֻҪʺԼ򣬷ӺõԼ츳ɹͲڻ£һ㣬ҪȥԣȥʧܣҵʺԼ츳
С֣㻹ûŪôףգأ
ЦͻȻ˹
Ц˼Сֿɲģ㻹ǿԼĶ׼û
ЦֵҾ׻ϴѣﻹҪ׼ʲôʲôС
Ҳһ鳤ΪϾҪݣڴ֮ǰζǼ棬£ǲǸһȥ
̾ǲƽѽҶǮˣΪʲôܻҾͻôۡ


գ춼δǾʹӱˣǻȥŵȺʵۣʱʦ¬졢Ѿˡ
飬öǲٰ
¬ۺ쳤ĳӣЦǺǵ
ʼû취Ǯԡ
¬һۣЦ
ЦЦպǺһЦֵʵⱾҪĻҾ˳·ӹȥ
¬ûȤ֪ЩЦһ´˷ŻȥΪþǴɫһ£֪Դкο
ղʵ֪¬Ϊģ
¬쵱ȻҲ֪שĵǵѽ治˵Ͷ鶼һĵʿɷѡȷʵںŲƽǲѡĻǾ͸ӲףʹΪҲ׽һЩ֮볯С
ʦҲǷ׷׵ͷ
ֶա
ЦǺǵȻеҵȻѡӮҺΪʹüࡣ


1599 ϲ
մ˻ǳ̹ʣҲԼ
ֻѡӮҺôҲ˵ȷֳʤ˵δֳʤǰҲѡվġ
Ȼһ仰Ҳ¬ǡ
Ȼ߶еͬʱҲб׶ˣڲȥֻýһѣ洦ȵǷֳʤ֮ĺʤһĻϣŬȥɣȡ侫塣
˵ƽϢһǼΪҪ꣬Ҫˣ˭ֹˡ



̫ξ
̫ξոմϢѾ̻سˡٴһ˿
޼ȴһžɫʵǿиűһأ
ٵͷеĴ󳼶ˡ
޼ɵ֮˭ڸ𣿡
ٵҿɲˣ֣лġ
޼ԵͷϷԺյ˽⣬Ըϴ£ѡĻѡһ£ȵһ粨ȥ֮ٻسġ˿ҲǼڴ£ʴˣд󳼶س
ʵ֪̫ξΪ»վ˭Ǳߣ
޼ɳ˼ҡͷϷҲˣʲô
ٵµز帮ҲûвҴţǶ˻ص֮һֱĴ帮Ȼڽ꣬˲Щ˲ŸոλҪְĻǱȽ٣ٹĻֻ¶׾ͲǶˣҲΪζҪڽ¡
ױϾڳʮ꣬ҳţ֧Ҳǲ٣ǲ¬졢ʦЩҪ󳼵Ļ߿ƾСؼЩƷϵĴ󳼣ֵǣЩ˵Уûмȷ̬֧˭
޼ɵ·ǳ΢ʿ֮ʤؽһͬҲ˼ʿ棬帮ʤؽиóУͬҲ˼ŹԱ棬ΣֻҪܹȻˣǻǲҪĺãһеȳ˵
ٵ̫ξǶԸ帮һûᣬңӳԶ帮ôԶǹй岻ƫ׵Ļƽ帮ǳ
޼ɵҲҪǣ帮滹һʺڣǰ帮ܹΪģ˵ʺһϵûδǰûǰ½ĲȷˣǺˡ֮סˣвʵܹߵһѾռ˺ܴıˣвͻòʧ
вʣ۳޼ɣԵͷˡ
񳤰һǳķΧУЩʱ򣬸һְӿĸо帮ĴţǾսЩʱָһƽĸоΪ󳼻ճϰ࣬·ʲô¶ᷢڶ̸ɫ֮¡
֮˷ǳ
ûԤ»ôչȥΪƾУ߶е˷·⡣
⻹õȵλܹ
Ѿڻ·ϣǲҪȴá
ʵҲϵһʲôøϽس¡

ʱ֣һƬϼѤĿ
ֻ߳òٸ
½㣬һͦİɣ
ô
ҪǣǽѾյϢսᵽﳤǸűһġ
½㣬ɱ˵һҲ뺫顣
ҵҲ˼ǼֻŶŮ˽飬ʲô¶룬йȥ롣
½㣬ͻȻе£Ȼȥˡ
㣬ȵңҽûг

⼸ӣ
ǲֻӴܵıӰεҡҡͷ
ѾʧȥʸУҲƣֻҪ°£ôضиǷܹ֮Ժ㣬Ƿһһжδ֪
ºȻ̧ͷһƬϼĿ͸ŨŨ˼֮顣
ͣפƬ̣ջĿԼȥ
ǳæµľݷ£ľݵķǺգȴ﷢ģ˼Ҷľݡ
ϵһһ
ˣŮ
ֻһƤЦӡ
Ǻ˭
㡪ô
ϲѽ
Ц
»عǾϲ֮ɫȴְһۣߵϲûУſǲ١˵ţȻһƳ壬㾹һͬңҿ㹤Ǯ
лл
ǳȴµл
̸Ǯ
̸Ǯѽ˭˲֪СոǴƵһ̣һ¹ǮСոӻ֣һĹǮ͵ˡ
㡪
һţڡ
һվͽЦ벻ң
ںջһƲҾһλ˭Ӧ㣬ûҲǣϾɻжλ֪
һûб䰡ҪУһΡһҪĻô±¡Сǣĸϻسһϲ
Ŀģ
յͷԴź̾ϧֻţһʧܵļƻ
򴽣ǻ͵͵׳һ˿ĵЦ⣬ֵϲôһġ
ԼüĿߣƽʱŮ̬ȣűķ飬鲻Խ촽һ£ֽ§ڻ
ҲＷ˼۽Ƿ˿˿⡣
޶˾ñط꣬һ𣬶ǲٵģֻʱ̫죬δ˼֮飬Ѿſڡ
͵ѽ
²͸һ˿ƣںջһġ
ЦĪƣһʱô˵ţգգۡ
ʱͨ͸һӺջվ΢һ£˺һĵİۣȻҲϽ˳ȥһ³ǣµ֣ȥ
øڣ㿴ͥԺУһ߿ߵϼһƷƷζƷζؼÿһ仯ҲǷ֮ܶı꣬Ȼûʸ
Ůˡ
Ŷףˣ
תͷգʮ־ϲ
ռæ߹ȥеһ
²ҪղŻعôô͡
պٺٵⲻˣʴ˾һˡ
á͡һ漴ָϽס
㶣漴ЦСӣϷŪϷ򡣡
պٺٵˣСӣ䶼˷θ֮ԡ
էáѽһһСֶ쿴˭أ
ƫͷһֻһС˹Сһһżδͳ࣬һԻӣСཱུģǿɰ

ֻһֺ
־ϲҶʲôʱ֪˵أ
µգգۣ첽źȥ
дͻȻܵǰ棬ź˫֣ѵԶӣе
ûпһۣӾǱߵȥﻹغ

µֱЦӶб˹
һεջ˫ƵĳµˣҲ̫ˣҸջȱ
Ц㱧û˵㱧
ӣ쵽
ȴǽ§µ񾱣֡
µ⿩һЦںһ£Զӣ
ֻ⻰ֵֹģ˻Ǻ˼
µʤѷ֣ĺԾͱҪõöࡣҵջԼֶαʱӹţͲǶ֡
㡪һšɫûˣΪⷽ棬ȷʵбȽ֮ģ˭ܹøá
ȿȿȣ
ͻȻ˹£ӱŮ˷֮£æڹôõġ
ǹİ
жԸӣˣǰˡ
Ƶôǰ˵
ŭ˫ĿѵΪ˵أ
ûУ
¶ʱˡ
ͻȻغүү
ʱɫһ䣬ЦǺǵӡС
úܲζѽֻẰֻẰүүƫƫͲẰ̫۸ˣĵʵ򲻻Ằô
ұ̵ģ˵Խ̡
գָµˣǹġ
ʲôģҲ֪˵ʲô
ʤ֮䡣
ʲôʤ֮䣬ҲԼ̵ġ
㡪
յУҽˣһʱ䣬ӵʱ˭
ȴһίĿ񣬡ˣǷҪұȵġȴǷǳš
Ƿ򸾵£ϷɲܡҲףʲôģ˾ְ¡ȴ֪ݵʱ򣬺ϣǽ´ڻԼʴҪĸ׵ϰһݺݵôһ㵱˵ҲᣬҲᡣ
ܣ㷽Żô˵ƫġֹţﻹǿļˡ


1600 С
⺫ջˣ̱æųﱸˣΪսӷϴΧźһתѾܹŤŤϼƺҲ̫ϲţϲڵȥҲǷѾţ֮ʧȥļ£ǺԾ͸һЩʱµȲ֡
ʱ󣬺ɥʧ˶־ͷɥģ¸ǿĲѣźںǰĸ顣
ǻǲҪ̫ˣ
󣬺԰ɢµûиȥΪ֪϶Ҫ뺫̸һЩ⣬ʵĳӣҶøߡ
´˴λΪ˴ɫһ£ǵʵ
յͷֵȻҲδ͸¶̫ѶϢСΪ´ʱп϶Ҳ޴𰸣ӦǴ㵽ʱ䡣
ˣȻҪܻ̫ࡣ
ͷʵʲô㣿
յǶ帮֮ûκιϵʴСΪҲӦһ䣬óóȻȥֻ»Ὣֵø⣬鷳»òʧ
һҲ뵽ôʵҲҲ⣬ˣ֮ģֻż˶ܹƽƽǱԣֵһ£ҲĿ񰲾ִһЩʼҾȥݣǺҲȥ
üͷһ壬С߯Ҳˣڼݣôȥˡ
ڰֵӹΪϷ룬ϷϰСӲߣֻҪԼúãϷνϷǵǣԱû˿᲻ᴳ
ҡҡͷһ뵣ǣǰҪˣϣȥݣҲ֤ԼҪǵıӡûĻʱСȥ뷨ϲȥݡ
ЦǺǵϷò⣬֪ʱϷ뽫СӸ͵ȥ۲ΪΪȥݣܹΪĻϷȥ
⻰ɲ٣ʱ񲻾ͽ͵ȥš
УҸģǷȥݡ
Ĺ֮󣬺ȥ˸裬ϴȥƣȻѸٵĻصڡ
ˣҲ
һصڣվֱӹ齣±ڻϵ㣬ŽġԸеĽޣ룬ѽ˽ޣ˷ù⾰
·ǳ˳ںյĻȴǽЦһΪȥ˯һ¸Ӹ顣
ߣһС£ˣȻ֪ǵȽϿףֹţȴʲôĿУԶǵһλСŵڶ˵̵ĵѩֻҵġ
½ĵİһۣ˭˵ҪˣҿԼɡ
ߣô˵϶ʵġЦЦ˻£̧ḧµգ˫ͫˮ֬޶ˣ鲻ԽˣƯ
仰˵ܶ飬ȴҲ棬òҲ¶֮ɫ˫գȴԵöˡ

ͻȻʲôƵãվһ¡
ºߵůʧСüͷĸвּڰ淭ȥʵʲô
¡ҵˣ
һľС˹ǰﻹֻľһ鱦ǳĿһǳԲ˹Ҽ۸񲻷ƣҿһһ뵽ľ㡣ϲô
ϲĵͷʵЩûжȤĸ̫ˣǺ͸ĻȻǷ΢΢Ҵϡ
Ҫ˰ɣյ
²ΪΣ
պٺٵ᲻ȡô
£漴ߣһºյ֣һ
չһЦȻȡСİ´ϡ
£ʱ̬ǧ߹ţŮˣչֵ쾡£Ƕ֮
ʵȹ˵ԽԽ¡أԽģԽʺ£ΪʾǸ߸ϣݵʱ򣬴ũװȻҲƯʣò
ÿô
̧ͷմĿԼѾøˡ
ҡͷԤƵһ

ܿ͵ȡˡ
Сʤ»飬ҽ˵ĶˣֻǴ̰
ζΪ˵ҲǸߵһöҲ֪ζû
գ
𣬸ǧƿ麺ǰƮݣ͵Ϊʡ
һģǾˬСǰԺ
򣡡
һ򵥴ֱĽкϵĶĸϵļֻ
Ǵɷ羰
ʲôʱģ
˷ܵܵոǰʵ
ջġЦոֵҹࣿ
ͷȴûаƣ֮ɫǺá
ڸҲҹ˶˴ҹñϷȡյûУ
ѾԹˡ˵ţٺһЦҪǽûԵĻҿٳһ㡣
һȥҴɵԣŶᾡԶһ㣬ɱҸԷ
УҴͻȥ
ظɵ
ҲҪظշ˷ֵۣˣ˵ȥݣ
һ㶣Сҽ˵ã
պߵ˭˵ģΪĳ٣ܲȥҪ׼
һת̽ǽΪΣ
ȥȥպһٵ֪뷨Ҳܸ㣬ҵÿ
ҲŶͷɫҾǾӺȻԼȥһƬأǴڵߡ
յ˶ѣ
ͷٺٵȻȻҲǣСоǡǡ
һʲôʱøŮƵˣµġ
Ůˣһ㶣ֱͦоҸǶΪڳ߯ҲûˣѵӪѧ޷ʩչͻȥݣܹѧá
ü˻
ΪѵӪǣɷǵӷͬʵˣеҲܹŻһϰգ֮⣬˭ҲԸˡ
Ҹ˵ٱ飬ôҪʲôԸҪԸ˭
ǡզ˵
ȻǰѽǻʼҾʹ
Ŷǳ˿԰ϰ⣬˭Ҳˡ˵Լù졣
ȴú˳ͷΪݿ
̵ݵĻٲ糤㣬Ȩ󵱵һ漰࣬漰ңǵĸĸҲڣûɶ˼ɣηηŵģ˶£ĸȶһ飬һ£ȴ޷ʩչ
Цһ£ƤԽԽˡ
ٺһЦʵզ
΢һһܹܲƾһ֮ʾжϰɣһøܾ˾һ£ʱ´֪ͨģľǷ
Ŷ
ʧӦһ
ˣ
ֻһö
յ

̴˹Ƿ㣬ˣȥϢˣۻˡ
æȥЪϢɡ
ǣ
һ̾ûӰˡ
ƵۻôôܵñӻҪһЩ
СûݼȫܱȰתЦܿ㣬ͿϢ˵ţǷԸ˽͹¼ȥ
Ƿ˵ʲôȺջش̵ǲǹȥݵ£
һʿգĿ
ºߵһֱܴ
ǣ
Цŵͷ
ʵô
һڼ棬Ϊǽ֮ϡ
°һۣ˵һЩġ˵˶٣ҵȻЩ᲻־ӦȥңҲˣ߿ɾһӶûˡ
յ£Դ˵νҲô˼ϣ⡣
ǾɡԵ
΢һҪҹ¹ϣ񰲾ĽΪ׼
³Ƭ̣ͷҲá
һͱˡ
һ߳ԣһʵձ»Ҫǰȥӭô
ҡͷãʱҲǡ
һЦֵȥѧԺȥԪұ
εЦЦҽĶȥڼͶӡ
ǵûбҪ
ΪΣ
Ϊҵȥѽ
ۣŸջٴҲܹⰡ
ҿǾֳȻҾ͵٣ǽ˶Ч£ܳá
ƵĿһۡ
Ц㻹ǿһ£ȥѧԺԪұɡ
û˺Ϊ޵غա
֪á


1601 
յȻȥԪĵѩòҪһʱҪرֳʲôһͬʣƫĵ̬ôҶ˴˽⣬˭һ׵ĻԶԲ꣬Ͼһˣ
Ҫȥ֣Ǵڼ㺫һ¸Ӹ顣
Ծ
еһ룬ͻȻͣüԾôоͳ֮
˼룬УУȥԪұ
ˣתǰԺȥ
ɸǰԺüոϽеһ
Ц׼ѽ
СдţܡܽͲˡ
ףףȥɣЦǺǵ
Σ˶뵽磬ҾȻŲ뵽Щա
Ļģûм֪ǽξҪعˣʱ˼Ҷ֪Ѿˡһ˳ȥô£ʱôȣΪλò˶ãͻٿģô϶вŰݷáǺûɶ˵ģøϽˡȻҲϣճȥȻĻ⼸϶û徲á

Ԫұ
ףô
ԪĵճǰʱµһޣȻҲյŴ磬βôġ
ձˡǰȥЦʵûң
Ԫĵ΢΢һ°ۣԵһͷ
һͦǿƵã̫ˡ
Ԫĵε
ҲøһǰɣպƤ
Ԫĵһۣ˵ˡֵһ¡
סһ̧ûŸոջҪ̸Щ˵ô˵ţ֣÷һŶһ壬ˣˡ
ԪĵһһͲһӶûС
һһͲ˰ɣҪģ϶Ͳ֤ġ
ԪĵƿĽƱ磬ֺֻЦߵ
ʲôѽ˶ɣҲ˵ÿˡ֪ԪĵǲģŲԪĵߣס֫һݵĵطˡ־ӸµĴһֲۣһ䣬ֵĵطˡ
ԪĵԭЩԺһ˵Ŀ⣬ʱ׹ߺ죬㳵ûˡ
̾ѵղ֪Ѿ㰮޿ɾҩˡ
ԪĵɲһףĻʣȻһתߵУҿɲû黨ǲݡ
ֻĪԩѽΪû黨ǲݣԼ㻹ңȥ黨ǲݣҲûǿգ˵ڼһȺƥ֮£éüʱۣ˵һѵᰡ
ô
ԪĵɵĿźա
ƭյҲӦԪ˵ˣ˸ĸɲһС̣仰ܹ£ͺñ˵
˵㶣Ȼᣬô̸أ
Ԫĵ䣬һĨ֮ɫô֪Լ˵ġ
ֱҡͷ⣬⡣
⣿ԪĵΪҪѵ顣
㶣ĵżû·ԽԽˣǲ˵Ҳˡ
ԪĵһĨ֮ɫ̾黨ǲݣҲܲˣƫƫҪԼΪ˾ӣȻ˵ô
ðɣӮˣһ̾´󲮣϶Ҫ̸ģʱôʲôУǵʱ䣬˵úãСʤ»顣˵ţգգۡ
ʲôС𡭡
ԪĵͻȻվ
㶵ôأ
ԪĵѵȥŮô
ҡյͷӮˡ˵ţվͻȻʵȻᣬẰô
ԪĵЦŵͷ
ȴǽŵֱðСẰô
Ԫĵ˵ͷ
մһʮغߣ


ľĺûкôƤһ˫С§źյĲӣԪĵĽ̵£źպһ˫Ĵ۾ȴ͸һ˿档
մĿźһûвʲô飬ȴû࣬һַǳĸоͷһ̣·ķĺ⣬λףΪ˰Ҳֻиܻ֮һθ֮ޡ
ǽһôô
һԵԪĵóĲźϵ顣
һʶԼˣȴһЦŮǷ۵Сһ£ĵлл㡣ˮȴ鲻Խ
ԪĵˣһҲܸˣҲڸ˵ļᣬɼǿĵˮۿҲ΢΢Щʪ
ϾǸŮܿ뺫ձһڴϣźѽѽ˵Żȴʤһ
ֱԪǳԷղĽｻ
ˣ
С󲮣

򸾶ұ£¡
ԪЦգһţɾ͵ǳһ亹
ԲΪ󲮻ܿġ
Ԫ̾˿ĵ̸ϣǲ֪ԪܻļƻʱҸĲһޣžġ
˵̾˿ܹ׬Ǯ൱ȻҲģǳ͢Ǯô׬ġ⳯͢в֮ҶԣǴɾͲô˵ˡֻʱӦĻмֻ¾ͿȥˣûиѡĻᰡ
Ԫļɻǳ͢͢СǿԵģ־иĸȷʵܵǣǹмŲԪҵⲻС
ЦܹĵģҲֵģһ׮ͨȻҽԪȥȻһİգһΪһ˫Ӯ⣬ѺͱȽҪʣ͢϶ɾѺ͵ġ
ԪЦǺǵ˵ʱ򣬶Ҳǿǵ㣬֣ǻ治ҽ
Ԫ㻹øǺú˵˵Ͼƻǳ֣Ԫܵʱ˽ҲǺ
յͷԪĵ˵Ըˡ
ԪĵȨûпĳ͡
磬նڸԪǽƻ
˵֮ԪҲǷĲ٣ϾƻǷǳǳģһ˸ײ㣬⣬֧͢ǵģǷչԽãɱԽͣңһЩصľãڸտʼʱģԺôڸǣҲһƭǵġ
Ժ飬˭ܹ˵
ںڸԪ˸ĸһʱҲص˻ʹ뺫һʱвٴȥӭΣΪ׺帮Ѿˮݣڿ˾սļƣȨᣬѾûȥı䣬ôʵ۵˼ͳΪ˹ؼǶ̽̽εĿڷ磬ȴ۳ͶΪɣûнӼκδ󳼣ֻ˵֮ٿᣬȻֱӻ޹ȥˡ
˼Ҳǳԣһеһжȵ˵ڶҡ
û֪ξƫǱߵģ¬ЩеҪ󳼣һصͱлͣ˭
ոأֱסԪұֻڼԺ壬ѧԺԺеһƫƧɽҰѯһ¡ȡѯ󣬺ղδһ㽫Ժͻؼңֻ͵ѧԺΪ֪˼ګҲΪҶ֪ոѩʱȥ˼ګܶġ
ЩҪҪôǱлͣҪôײβҲ´ҸӲ׵ѡվ
Ǹվպܿ͹ȥˣȻնںܶ˶Ǽ尾
հʱ֣Ѿصһ磬վһͬ빬μӳᣬȵʱ̫ǰѾվˡ
ס帮վһߣӪǳȷƺг
һһĹվһԣ˫Ŀ΢ϣ·˯һ㡣
⺫һ˵Ŀ⣬ŴǴʵһֱҺգֻǿҲˡ
ˣɲСѽһ̵һԵ
úǺЦ
Ŀ΢΢һɨֵߣȥ̫ʷǱߡ
硢Ǳȥ
λˣ
չЦ
ȴǸЦϵܣ˵ʲôţվӲð
úǺֱЦ
һĨΣûһ̫ʷҽʽǵȥûԺӸɣ
ЦǵʽڣǵȻãֻҪ뿪̫ãҲ
ǾͺãǾͺã
ǼվһЩ֮£ŴҲùֻվһԸż
һڴǿʼźö飬׼
顣
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ջͷһƳСʲô˵Ͷˡ
Ŵһ㶣һ¡
󹬡
Ὺʼ𣿡
վڳߣųһԵһ̫ʵ
Ѿʼˡ
̫๧Ļش
գЩϣеȶʳǱ¶һĨЦ


1602 ֮
̫
ɽ󣬴ֳ̳һƬžһЩˡ
ô˵أ
Ŀһɨ΢΢ЦԭΪûл˵ǻͦչ޵ѽ
ȺǴײ
ֵ޲ųȥһ꣬벻оͷô¡Ŷڴ֮ǰҪúñһ»飬ɽҲƵ¹ʣǶȶԴ˽ϰߴ֮Ψкڵ̸֪ɽƺ˴ãǳõĸĸƻ޶ԴǷǳⰡ
վл¿佱ֻǳ֮¡
ǫ顣
ЦŵͷĿȴ׺帮ֵ֮⻹һ£ޣΪѡɫѡ޵ʱ˵ЩǾ׼ˣƺ˲ٴ󳼵ò
帮վ˱µĺ½ڳ

һ̧֣һδۣҲ⾿ô£ңؼڽ⣬֮ԣͲҪ˵ˡ
帮һĨ֮ɫ££ΪδʲôԹ±䶯ܻһЩ飬뵱̫ʥϾҲ飬ʵҲ˵̫ʥǶԵġ
Ե˵ͷ
վЦ֮ѽĴ˷飬ǡǡ̫ʥϵԣȻҲ˵̫ʥϵʱǶԵģҲǳԼĹʧ
һҧˡ
ЦԲӣ˵¶й£ԵȴǲͬҽɫѡΪѡͲƽйڣͬʱ˿õľأŻ磬бͲ֮಻ʤȴ֮ءΪʲôΪѡԳۣǾƷѱҳˣһֱᳫΨǾ٣ܵ˼룬ʴѡǰɣӦϳ
׵ǽƱ磬ѡƷкιϵѡΪ˰͢ϸѡ˲ţʹԳ۵ҲΪ֮£ѡƶ޹أҪıĻԼලԱֹ¼ǽ·ϳѡ
帮ߵΨǾ٣۵̫ʥһֱᳫʵΣӦ֪ΪΨƶɳȥ˼롣
̵ѵƶɫڲϧЩ֮Ҳ볯УԴӱɫѡ˶볯ʮһˣҳƶȹ涨һֻ׼ʮˣɾ⼸£һ˾ٶ볯˽֮ǾͻصƷơ
ٴ󳼷׷׵ͷ帮һȷʵ̫ˡ
帮ҲһΣкίȻ֪Լһ㣬ĻҲôǰҲǶڴ̵ķΧڣǴµòô
ͻȻڵŰ֮ǲ֪λн֮
׿
רҵ⣬Ȼרҵʿش
վ£Ϊ͢ѡ˾ȡʿ׶ˣġ͢ÿȡʿѾһǧٶˣǳ͢涨֮ࡣɫѡʹùԱݬ룬ӣԶšǿƾȡʿټ²ż汸֮ʿοȡܽеУ޵УпΣһ֮ˣ޵£ɺ°ա
ƵƵͷ
ּ˵ʱѡ٣ԹְˣŹ˶Ա١Աޣޣв֮
ε֮⣬õΣ
ΪҪ׶ˣֻһ㼴ɣҪȡᣬһҪԭеĻһЩְÿԱܹ˾ְְλϳַԼĲܣһЩ޵޲֮Σκιʧ̿͢ԲǺ˷Сְ֮Ȼѡӽʿѡȡ˲Ųϡѡ֮ף಻ɺӣѡ֮ɹְȱĹѡһΣһЩҪְλ¿Կ죬໥ලһʱ֮ӣɵóξð
䣬ͼһԱվ£Ϊ֮ԣƾ޾ݣǿ̸ΣΪš
һ㶣еȻֻ趨ôְӦ͵ôԱܶ࣬Ҳ٣ԺĻһְкüԱ˶ڹ٣ޣ⵱ȻеģƿӾôһͰˮ࣬ľ͹ˡ
ȻֻҪôһĿȻûбµģŲһ꣬Ϊÿ춼¸û˰ֵΣȻѡȡ²ż汸֮ʿϣƶȣƽǶٵľ棬Ȼ˹ÿ˵Ļᷴˣб£ܸɵþãܴﵽΨǾٵĿġʵ½ѧʿ˻
½ѧʿ£˵УԱݬ룬ӣȴԶš֪ƾʲôô˵ԱۣɿºľҲÿԱ򽻵ָܹӣұŷָɴ˷㲻Ҳ
΢΢üԱʹɣҲϤÿˣܹϤһǾѾܲˣ֪ӣǵĳһһָɾ˶
ȻˣɷΪǰ˵δˣƾʲô˵Ӵţݬ룬ⲻǿ̸ô½ѧʿͱˡ
յһԵŴɣûѧѧ³˵ϽҲúúòǻɣϽһЩ
ŴЦҲǣҲǣⶼʲôʱˣ㻹п̸ѧҪԡÿƱȽУȻĻշǵվһѧҪԣĴûᰡ
Ավסﲡָ˵˵ԹʵŪ飬Σ
֮˵ӣԶţں˵˵ҥ
ˣЩԱɲ帮ˣģǱֳƣȴҪʤ帮
帮ֻˣ룬ʺ񰡣
¬ףʹ˵̫ˣٳϲǶǣһȥ˭⣿
֮ԣԱһҪְ˭пܱ̭֣£˭ںʿ֮סԼ뷹Ҫġ
ЩĹԱǰûѡվɼǶԼΪȣ˭˵Լվ˭Ǳߡ
״ʱҲ󺹣ĿǶԸ帮Ҫ½帮ѹȥĿΪ룬ʴһ˵ǲƫУǾΨǾ٣ʴ˶ȻվͳһϣΪĿĲһҲȱͨҲûϵŭ
ˣ
ͻȻ߳һɲһʱﲻͱѵǾûʧԹ
˼ʵ۷ŭˣ¡
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ѾŻˣҲ£ǷŸôæµѵԣԵġ
εͷ֪˵úܶԣһҲܵǿ治ȥؼҪ󳼻ģʱ񾫼ȡ䡢޼ǵĴ֧֣ɵģĻм仹֮ҪɾǷǳѵģֻպ㣬ɣȻѾΪǾʱֹͣɫɡ
ʥ
ڳ˵
Ѿûа취İ취
׼λƫģ΢΢˿룬ǿסÿԼ
ɾʱ帮ͻȻվ£
üͷһ壬ӵ£
帮ɫЩ̫ˣϣòѽǵҪᵳӪ˽ų켺


1603 һ
ŻոŴѧĺգʱҲ˫ĿԲĿ͸֮ɫ
¬ҲԼͬüͷ
ˣԱ͸Ӳö˵Ͻڣײ
е¶ȷ·轵
ȻҶΪֻһȨսǷֳһȺǺѵģܵиߵ֣֮˭Ҳ˭ɲôڵսĵزϾûʲôޣҲǹغȨǵ帮һȻҪöء
ʽڷ仯
ʴˣǲԵ÷ǳԾ
Ҳһ㵣Ϊǹ帮ܣȴû뵽帮ᷴһ״һ״ǷͬСɣʵɻĿɾǴ󳼽ᵳӪ˽Ūÿɾûˡ˰ΣŷӦָ帮㡪˵˵
Ҳæվ£ԩѽԷܸ泼顣
δʱҲüͷ帮飬֮ϣԡ
£֤ݡ
帮ͳһε£ͬΪҪܣΪɵֻ㱨Ӳ㱨Щ£滹ĿģЩ£ϳʡһ㣬Ϊ֤
ֻһԱվ˳£Ϊ֤
濴ˣɫһ漴г˺⡣
ɫѾϡ
̵£帮ҥ£Ҳ
Ѿʼֱ
帮ϴңк⣬ǳݵ£ģʵ飬Ҳ£ɫҲ֪ԼϾռϷ磬ʴֱӹױˣܹȻЦҥ£α㼤
㡪
ס濪ʼðҲ֪帮鵽ʲôΪǸû뵽帮Ȼ״ǽᵳӪ˽ȷʵһֲ
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ҪͨЩĻȴҲʵ
ʵҲϵ£Ƕģҵˣˣ֪帮״ȷʵҲЩ·帮ϣҲģҲһˡ
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˻һȺɫ䡣
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Ƕ׸Щ״ֻҪһ֤ʵǾԽ帮أû֤ʵ׵ҲС
һսݱһƵս
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ΣǶҲ죬帮Ͷ׵ˣԭãһ鹥ԷģҲɫֳ˭Ҳ£ߣŵýŶ
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Ѫˣ
һЦĴóһֻĺ֣꣬ʮ³̫ɣΪ̫һְƥĶ㡣ͬ꣬ʮ³ˣʡ飬ΪһְĶһۡ㡭
ȻǾսԵ帮ҲɵȻкУ帮ƽʱ̫ˣ޼ڵİն֪һֱڰռֻ֤ǰûд˵£ΪҲ˼帮Ǳʺˣⲻɮÿ棬ֻʡѹס帮ǻʲô˼ɵġ
㡪סڣⶼαġ
ǲģ帮ˣһĶˣʱңֱȥͼȡе״ֽ
Ƕɵˣ佫ɲο
Ҳûϵ帮ǰᣬæ㿪帮һѾ;סӣϽ״ֽõһߣҲϽǰףϾѸߣܿ϶򲻹帮׼帮񣬸ǻȥˣµ⻹ֹ㲻ԼָʾŮԪ걳Ϊȡ¸йְۡ
һɺԣ
Ůй⸮ۡʮ㣬ɱ˵ЩضԪڴġ
㡪ѪˣС

ڴ֮УŤһţһ䣬һ䣬ٷ߰㣬оƤ
˵󳼣ſڵĽɵˣ⽨ûз£ǲ֪롣
⻹ʲô㻹ïıɱı壬ϸʬ棬֤嵱ʱǱıɱģҪ˲֪ǼĪΪǽᵳӪ˽ı췴
ٴѾڶ£Ѿ̣Ƕȥס׵죬ƽʱĹԱǿǶ಻ʤѽ帮⣬϶򷽵ģڿ϶ڳУôȥѾ꼰㣬㶼ġ
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Τ˼ǫӸͣԸⱻ¬קסͼѿ¬קɣΤ˼ǫҲ̫һˣǾˣѾˣ¬飬֡
¬˫Ŀ΢ϣһȻţȴקš
סڣ
λȻߵǰǻĽģʵ֮УƢǷǳõģδ˼ָֻŶ帮һŵȡȺֱֹ๼޴δĳӡ˰
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κ飬һۣһ˦䣬ľˡ


1604 Σ
ߺ󣬴أһƬѻȸ˶ǴҴվԼλϣһҲȻҲǹͻʵۡ
ڹҲ̫ϡ
ϵˣûһ뵽չֵزҹ̫ˣǶϾӦ˵ֹˣԾɾС
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ǵȷȷʵʵĸ˰
ĺڵϻڵϣ¼æǰס¹ܸûйϵϾͲСˣֳ棬ȴȫû׼治һܹܵ
࣬ͬʱʵ£ûκԤ׵ģΪܹģֻлʵۣʵȸûҪļ˵ƳˣʷϣⶼǼΪġ
ΪؼǣͲӦýչһΪȫûбҪ
ƫƫͷˡ
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󹬣
ддһʼʹǰʾҪʿɶֹҪǵӮǲΪ⣬䱾ڴ֮϶ǻûн޷ֱǿɶǾĲǡ
һص󹬣Ǵлдһ˿˿ίһʼʱȷవʾ˵һʼͿ享գ޷ǾǰʾǾ£취ȥ⣬⣬ʲôʴˣʱǷǳŭίΪһⱻ帮Ͷˡ
£ΪȳӣӸˣǲֵѽ
ＱææΪεһ裬ֵݵǰ£Ⱥȿڲ裬
Ȳ衣˵ּ豭ǰ̾˿豭˹һСڣͷ˵úܶԣΪֳӶȷֵȻǲϧ޸ǵĻᣬҲݹ޲ˡ
ʵǲ֪´δǣ
ޡ
˵ŲüͷֿѾǸͷˣδǣ޻ûΪ޸õδǣ
˼Σǽ֮㽫Ǹְ죬಻ΪϾҳƶȣҪְ죬֮ͱͨʽĳԼȷ֤ݣһǾͱȵ飬ȡ֤ݣǡ檿»ԽԽǣ㣬ʱһʰ
˵ֹסˣΣԵ˵ͷż˵Ǳ²뽫ĻȽȳа֮ǣͷࡣ
ʹ˼һӣ̾뽫ִ󣬾Ͳᴦǰʾֻϧδܸܵ޵һİ


1605 屡
̫ξ
˵ʲô
޼帮ڴ֮ϣº󣬲Ȼ𾪵٣˵ÿģ
ЩƣҪܱˣ̫ξƭô
޼Լοܣ
Ϊֱܽӽ߳޼ɣ޼ɵȻһͬʱ£̫ټˣؼֲǷȥǷڵڼ䣬û˻еȣΪȨȨ֮ʲôпܣʲô£ɫΪһȺʵ۵£Ŷò˼鰡
Ҫ־͹帮̫Ŀˣ׸ŭˡٺǺһЦֽµĹ볤޼˵һ顣
ԭлô¡޼գ˻ȥü
ٵ̫ξҿһ帮ڽˡ
޼Եͷ˵Ļ帮ȷǲٽҶһء˵ֵ鲻Ӧ÷չһ
ٵ̫ξʱд󳼣һ㵣ҿûһϵ»ᷢչزʵ帮̫µʱûйֻƽϢ£ĵģ˻ᣬ׸أҲԼһʲôɵЩ£˽֪Ǳºͻʺ󱣻ЩҲΪ˼Ҷ׽ᵳӪ˽ǿЦ
޼أüͷ
˵ʱͻȻ̾˿Ϊźֻϧʱδ׵״ֽʷ̨ȻĻߣǱɽ˻ᣬ帮ڡïһ˵ȣһ򾡡
޼٣Ҳ룬˭ˣǿǱµˣôԶ˫ۡ
üͷһ壬ʵ̫ξΪ»δ帮
޼΢һȻ²δ½ʷ̨Ҳ˵²뽫ĻҲġǲôĻǾ޷帮ǶǼȻѾ£ĻҲǲܵģϷΪһһֻȽǸȻ㡣
Եͷֵ̫ξҿ²ô򵥰
޼ɵ˻
ٵ帮һֱʺұۣȴҪ帮ɼʺ֮Ҳ˸ңҪ֪ɫһ£пʺ帮ģ˶ʺҲпܵġ帮ǱɱǱᣬɶشʺڳеǿɵðסᰡ
޼˼̫ͻȻϷܸоЩ̫Ծҿ˵ɣҲȵȱ´帮˵
ٵͷ⵹ҲǣҲͷذ帮ǵһЩ
޼ɵȻȥɣʱҲ
ǣ֪ˡ
ٸһߣ޼ɱ㽫ߵĹܼҽ˽ȥһ£ϷҪ档
ǡ

˾ո
ֶȾҵҲֻвܹҵ
ֻһʮӹǰ޵棬Ƕ׵ӣ־ҲǹģʵǶصĶӡ
ֶ
ǰȥ־ֵǶĺѣѣҲȵġ˵˶٣ֵѽҲֻܱܹ꣬ģϷҲΪˡ
־̵ֶֻܹƽ¡
ţȻȥü˱̫ģϢ˸ġ
лֶȸˡ
־һߣǰ磬н飬ҲǰˣҲܹȫƾĹϵֳ˼Ҷ㶼㲻Ӯ㻹һھʹӦ
ʲô˻
ˣнաǣ⼸꣬׵ȷֻΪ˾գѣҾƾڳ˵ЩҿҲû˻Ϊ飬ȣֻǳ
֮ΪʲôھеߣһȺʿԸΪΪظ飬ôʲôָͣ͡¡ңΨһһԨܵģΪܴТ񵱳йΪھеҪǣ֪һظˣֻжһᱨģֵиҪ֪йʵΪ˷ų޼ɵģһݶΡ
˵ͷԷɣ˭ʱԮҲв˵ɵͬʱҲв˿ڹؼʱ˵ܹɹѹأΪ浽ؼʱ򣬱µֻΣβҪģҪ壬ͣ˼Ҳ㡣
񣬻ΣǳҪԭʵƽʱΪˡ
ڨڨǸĻ»ġ
ڰֵòģзִ磬ȥһ£Ҫ빬ʥ
һ£磬¶ͷϣҪȥ飬ҲùЩӰ˵ɫҲˡ
̾ҿ±²Ϻܾõģµʱʥּһ£ʲôˡ

ʹ
£˾
˾ôأ
β΢΢ü
һԵﷴӦ죬˾壬׿ǶúѣֻΪ˶׶
βüͷΪѵ˾Ϊ飬˵Ǻð
ҲͰˣɶԷҪ׵Ļλ治ܲӣҲֻʱš
Ц뵣ǣ˾ڱ£Ƕס帮ɱȵģ˾ղģ˵ĻڵУ˾վͻվ飬ǵȵڡ
⻰˵԰һ㣬ȥǵ
ϳμ¡
վڵйһ
˾տ񣡡
θæʾ⣬ֵ˾
Цʵ֪˾ôޣкμ£
¶ЩΣ£ϳ˷ǰҪǡ¿Ķһ
ɫһɣΪҲûҪɱףȴ˾գҲڴϣޱֳģǶˣûн޷ϣڴϴɺͳǱǱûа취
ͷףµʱѾవʾȴ˱µһ⣬³ȷǾȡ˶٣ֵֻѸߣҲδʲô֮¶֮ﲻϣܹһֱڱµϣһȥܹꡣ
ǲڳΪֻһԻʵ۵彫Ƕߡڶǣ顣˵ֲ飬ڳҲôһǱĻҲֺûģҪǱȥϣͶͣڰϹƾ͹ˡ
û˵θԼӣϣûйҲп͵ķϣǺλΪѣĻζþܾ˵ǵˮ©
ǴһҪһҲ֣˼Ҳû˵Ȼʧ֮񣬵Ƕó֤ݣܸ帮ڽᵳӪ˽ͦ׵ģ׿ûҰ˵ҪȨ㳯Ұǿ帮ѣǵͷðɣ޴Ӧ㡣
л¡
ֻص󹬡
˵û˾ջġһɵ˵
֪˾˵ʲô
νҪ
ֵǲ֪Ǻδأ
γƬ̺󣬵޴ö׻ϼκȥڼ簲ɡ
κݾ֮Ѿչˣϵĺõطһʼοûô㣬ǰ񣬾ϣȻʵЩʵܾͻ˰͢ǣͷȥεĳǷǳġ
˰ŵҲ׵ͷ˳ڡʵ帮أ
üͷ帮Ļ޵俪ѾˣԼûϧˣ޴㽫ȥǭݡ
ǭ֮أʲôõط
ͷʵԹۣʵ֮帮ǾȡôҲǺƺһˡ
κ˭
󣡡
֮Ҫն̣帮һߣʱһжûУ帮ԼһҲǲЩ̫ˣϾ帮Ҳǡ
ĳȽȻǰǲΣ棬ĻѾˣʵ˵õΣ
˼Ƭ̣Ϊβ̼ȣǭݣһȥǱ߹ɡ帮䵽˾أҲپˡ
εͷҲã˵Ҳٿһˡ

ʱ򣬺ҲӦԼСݣ볤޼ɼ档
̫ξ治ӦôʱԼǰ
ռ޼ɣһƵ
޼üΪΣ
յΪҲ£²ܸ̫ξṩʲôϢ


1606 ϵڱ
ԴҲǺ֪飿
޼ʵ
ҡҡͷҿҲ̫ξһȸû뵽ᷢչһԴҲ𾪡ҵʱΨһϣǣܹƫһ㣬帮һѹѾˣ뵽ᷢչֵز
Ϸһ޼ɸͷʵ㵱ʱҲڳοµģ
ɫһʼ¸వʾҸҿ϶ɼҲֵ˾أ붯帮߶ףҲַʽɫһ棬Ҳƫģֻʱвٴ󳼳淴ԣҲûȥȡһЩʲôǱʾʱر֮ţûмдŶš֮»ȥģȡһõİ취µʱ뾡ƽϢ£պ
ת۵㣬帮ͻȻ״ᵳӪ˽帮ó֤Ӧʹôˡ
޼ü帮ΪʲôҪô
ü̫ξ˼ǣĻ˹ݵģ
޼ҡҡͷҪ˵Ļ˲ôϷҲֻ̫̫ͻȻһ㣬ϷܾЩ졣
յʼҲ̫ξһ㣬ܾЩΣǻص˰գ־ʵδкΣֻҵԤƣʴ˲žù졣
޼ʵ˻
յȣ帮帮ƽɵûʵ̫ˣҲûġʹӵʱҪƽϢ£׿϶ҲưոݵģΪ帮֮ǰôҪεȴ֮⣬ŹرɫԶԶײӵƣ˳帮ﵽͷȥģʴ˶һȡԼ棬ҲñԵƽ⡣
ɫһ棬帮·磬ȷһЩҵĻҲѡڴ׾ף϶Ҳʵ飬ȥ׵ߣԼߵΣֻ帮ȱ֪̫֮˹ˣ帮Ĳûڴƽʱ̫ࡣ
ѵνĶж񱨣Ʊô޼ɿЦһҲ뵽һ㣬ǱϾⲻС£Ҳ˵Լǵ㵽ôģҲþˡ
²ĵطڹ̣ǳˣɵȱԾ͸㲻ԷҲѹԷһ帮ȻڰµĹУЩʧ׼ģҲǾΪ½帮ģƫƫȥԷֻܰʯͷԼĽţ·չḶ́ٽϵʱķΧͦġ
ЦҿҲֻôˡ
޼ɵͷֵ帮һڻʺԣǲС
кȻֻѣ帮ڽӣͬʱҰп϶һ䶯ģ͹غ¤ŵĸˡ
ȷʵСüͷһ壬ҷҲڿ⣬帮ǻʺڳеһģ˻ʺ棬ҲΪʲôʺȥ帮ĸԭǶԣȷһõĻᡣֻ
޼ɵл˵޷
յֻϲƻ£ϵڱûмϰߡңʱжĻԻʺԸ񣬾ƲԴУ϶ᷴȻ²ԸټµóͻֻµʱֻһŪܾˡ
һڱˣȥڱҲѽ
Ͼһѽ޼ɵ帮һߣཨȺףҲֻһȺں֮ڣǽЩ˸ȥʺضԪˣʲôĻȵʺָ͸ԶԸˡ
ĿҲܼ򵥣Ҫͥиϳȥ˵Ӻ󹬸ϳȥҲû͹غ֮飬Ԥͥһ󹬸Ǵɡ¤񱾾ʹƣʺһţ϶Ҫǽ¤Ÿȥиǰ˵޶ԣƺЩˡ
յȻҲ֪޼ôҲΪǵ֪̫ξкδ㣿
޼üһ룬ôҲÿδ帮оǣֻΰš
ЦôҲֲͷ
޼ɺЦ֪ɣϷͣԶ㰡
յ̫ξ⻰ҿɲҵ̫ͣʥϴ£ܹнհȫ̫ξǵŬֻվھ˼ϵġ
޼ɺǺЦɫѾʡ٣ûбҪڵȥʡʴпΪģʦ¬죬ҿʦĿҪһЩôһְͻճ
յܹλɵģҲŴ󣬲ͻͬҲҪԴϻظ֮ʡĸԤ࣬ҲýٻŴȥһõѡ˵Ҳһܹ
޼ҡҡͷǵܷȥⲻǹؼؼڱ»᲻ỹʺȥ
յ̫ξ˼ǣʺ֮Ѿָң
޼ɵҲֻ֪ٵȵȿ

볤޼ɼ֮󣬺ȥҤϾûˣܵȥһ档
ף貽С
§ϸȪתš
һЦƭˣ۶գ
Ըвʲô˼ɶǷθ֮԰
һֱĲɵģ֪н
վ֪Ĳɣ
㶼ţȴ֪Ĳʲô
ʲô
ʶĵͷһȻЬӡǶǴЬҲǺʹֻ˵ĿҪģǰôţŶѣ㻹ǷҲ١
ʱһ
յҲңΪʲôĲɵģ
Ը˵㣬ҲƭҵģңҲûȤ֪
ѽˣйŮɲһҪҸ˵˵ǻ׳ġһ˵ʵͦȤģǰ·ϣͻȻǰһһһӣ˵Ǽǲأ
Ҫǻˣ̫򵥣ܲҪ˼ңҲȼ治ͬϾʺģҲͱȴÿһЩʲôȤζֻ˵ȱǮô
£ȱ
ΪҪ񣿡
е
һЦת
һһ§סӸµĿЦ˵һ䣬ǲС
ֻɫȻվš
ֵ貽Ľ˶٣һŮңҪô÷裬ҪôõˮңѾܹݵԻʵ۵ʱҲһܹˡ
δ
һƵǵݲưͣ㲻˵ôѵ⿿ɫԻסô˵ţһ£ѶȱȽϴ󣡡
㣬ĸмǺӽҽѳ
㶣˼ǣ֮ԺΪӡ
򴽣ͷȻϡһִ㵵Ŀźա
ЦǸһֱǸ˵ӭӡ


ʱ֣롢԰ˣƺͦģ·δܵĸš
һ˹ʺκ
ϲأ
ЦŵͷַԸǹ
԰ڣ͵Сܹȥ
ЦŵͷĲɵķǼ䡣
ǰȥݵǱ棬ַԸߵĹŮȥչ͡
ȵǶ뿪֮ϱ㼱ʵŮ⡪;ô£
Ц˵ÿ帮һ£
ϼﾹЦóڣЩ£帮ķܵҸ˴ޣϣܹ帮
Цһִٳɵģλ


1607 
һľúðΣʵŮ˵˵ʲô⡪ⶼһִٳɵģ
ţ
Цŵͷ
ϣֻһ̹ϣ˾ϣĸŮܹнգҲ˵ǾӹΰҪκҪϵð
ϾȵΪҪô帮һֱھľΪôˣ˺ҲǷǳġ
帮ΪĵĹȫȫˣաǣҪǽԼεĳӣֻǷޣͬˣǴ󵱼ҵĹϵ帮һʼҲˣǺȫ
帮Σﲻʵ
΢һ帮ȻΪ̫㣬Ҳ̫ãѽһӹɵġ
ﻹǸ帮Ӱ
￩һЦֵҿ帮Զ˵ҪöˣȻҲŻ磬ͬʱҲĺ޵£̰ᣬʴ˿ãмɲһֱߣֻǵһ鷳״
﷭̫죬϶һЩ޷ܣȻ˵öʵô˵ԼˣҲĨԼôڨڨ帮һģһǳҪְλˣܹ鲻һ°ɡ
һʱǱһʱЦڳУ谭
Ϻ˻
ЦȻ帮˺ܶΪЩ˭ˣ
ϳƺһЩ
Ц帮ˣ帮ģɵȵôԸ񣬻治һҾһֱĹᣬֻһЩͶ˲ãûڳΣ帮˵ĻЩȺףǳţûмȻңҾܹһЩ֮ͼΣҲҪΨ汾µˣܹλá
⣬ڳеʿ֮帮ĴֻߣʱնΪ岻ã塣ҪڳվȽŸô͵óͬ汾µ˲ðף岻ȹɾ帮Ǽ֮ģƲвŸɵ
ϵ˵Ůʹ㽫帮
ͷ帮ʿ볯еģҲ֪Щ˶붼һЩ֮ûйϵôˣܻм˲ŵģԡ
⣬֮Լ帮˶ŪĿľȲҪ帮ϳȵ帮Щ˶ûƿ帮ˡ帮ˣٴѡ֮ˣ֪˲ѵãǾֻܿȥѣһٸһ˲ţˣֲҪһٸ˲ţ˵ģˡ
帮ļǿȥѡ˲ţһЩԼģûģܽոȻȵԼͷϣҪԤͥǱемõ˲ţôȵб£лҪȷߣܹЩֻ֮᲻ʲô飬ߣֻԽŪԽ㡣
ϵŮǲ̫һ㣬帮ҲûбҪô綯֣ҿ帮֮صģˣҲҲʵѡȥ˵̫ξɻڳ帮һߣѵͲ̫ξô
һĨâҲϺҾŲ
һĿ
˲һ£ǲֻԭ֮һһҪġϣܹвҸģ֮⣬Ψг޼ֻϺ꣬ҾʳѰɺ޵ǣһֻϺǱŲҲûа취ҷϳ帮ΪҪĿģֻϺ
˵棬ɱ
һڣŮôδҲ̫ðˣһöҪӣȥ̫ξʱóˣӮ
Цʼʱ帮ȷһöǳҪӣܹϻʺǹûȻҲ㹻Ļرڣڴ棬帮Ϊ׸
֪ʵ帮Ѿ˱µĲϾֻƲûϳܹģΨб¡ڴ³֮ǰ¾෬ʾң帮ڴ棬ôٸᡣ
ʵһ㣬ѿʴˣڼ䣬һֱ帮ìܶϣֻҪϳôһзȻֹ
Σ帮ڳ̫࣬帮ΪҳȥԸ޼ɵĻôֻὫƵ޼ǱߣΤϾͿ϶᲻İ޼ɣȻǱҲǧ˿ƵĹϵһǶס
帮ѾˮݣڳеҲС帮ȥԷ޼ɵĻпܻɳ޼֣˾չϵǳҲҼɵģ˾ղңǶҵ˺ʧһٸ帮ҲȵģҪףұҲøӦĴۣĻֻ»˾նҵĲ
ʴˣҪȫԸ޼֮ǰһ㣬Ǳȷϳ帮
󣬷侲ΪҲף޼ǱҪģ׼ŮһϺ껹̲أ
΢΢ܣܹµҲܹ꽭Ŀĩ꣬ɵʱȨ㳯Ұĳ޼ɣ屧ΪɣְڼбŲ޼й֮޲Σ޼ɻǽ跿ŰһڸôҼҴҵ˳һ壬ŻֵģұΪһе׼Ǻǣ⻰˵ʵǳ޼ɽҵġ
ϵжٰܹսʤ޼ɣ
ŵѵûпôĳ޼ѾˣɥߵҲ뿪һֻûϻֻʮ࣬Ǳµľ˾ˣ̸һдһЩѾûҾһսֻҪǰһͻһֱԨС
ԵͷˣҲûʲô˵ģֵˣ֪δ㴦帮
ǭʷ
һ̾һȥúðһҵˣϾ帮ϵҲ÷Ͷ
Ϊ˵ǡЦȣıԣ벻ںƲģ㷽ԣˣûκκôΪԹˣھУ͸Ӳö˵ˡ
ΣûҲûвҡ
ֻǱᣬô˵Ҳиʷ˵ҲȫСҲһˣ帮ܹŶһ˱£̣Ҳǭݡ
˵ЦЦֻʱмҡ


1608 
һνû뵽Ʋϳ帮ģ޼ɺͺգǶû뵽ô
Ϊǿ帮ʵ̫ҪˣͥһģǵöҪĶ࣬Ҳǧ˿Ƶڲǰðձ帮ŹȥãôҲֽ帮ˣδҲ̫һ㣬޼ɺͺտɶɲʴǺ뵽һֲݵġ
һֱߵÿһ壬˲ģߵ÷ǳϣĿҲǳȷǾƲˮġ
ҪǻŮˣ˶ѡʱƣΪӪֻҪ㲻вңǾûбҪȥһѡ޼ѾŶˣڼҸѧҲûб¶ҪԸļ󣬳ҲһȻⶼǽﲻ֪޼뺫յĹϵ֮ϡ
ΪôҪ볹ײ޼ɣһͦ׵£ûݣǳ޼ɣŪõĻпܵòʧǿ϶еģһС˳˳ˮ̫֮λҲǷǳȹ̵ģεд󳼶ǳλ̫ӣһƬãκ˶ۣȻѡ񲽲ΪӪ
һ˵ⳤ޼ɶôˣҲQ˼ˣȶԽƲôģὫԼ˽ȥֻҪ£ǾͲı䣬㳤޼ǷϣڶڶںὫȻնݳ
֮һҪ޼ɣһϣϧκδۡ
ҲΪʲôܹɹһؼԭӵгǻۣһӵгĵɫˣҲûмܹȵģʷĻʺ̫಻ʤǴδ˸ҵǻƵۣɴ˿ɼһ߰
޼˴ˣʱ˿̣ıţץסᣬͥȴ֪սĺŽǡ
εһʥּҲһսʽĻ
ｫҪһսУɱ޼Ĵ㣬Լ׸¤ţڵ޷Ȼû뵽滹ϣͬʱҲûϵصĺգȻǳ޼ɵĽӰˡ͸޼ɡûϵַϳ帮һ
εһʥּ帮׵˵ĳͷ
ȣԴ󳼲׸κݣ帮ǭݡ
󳼲ֵζʲôᵳӪ˽̰ͳͳûᡣ
ҲǳһǾ۵ԼҲ֪ǿ϶ܺ£⳯п϶Ļ̻̣ʴµü紦ȥĻܻ˳汣ǣһͻһʱ͸Ѱˣ棬봦ĸӹһЩ
桢ˣǿ϶ǱģϿ۾ͶˣνǶֱӱΪȻ䵽Ǳȥ帮ļˣͳͳеĹְ˼ǳԣһ˶뿪ҪڳУҲΪ̼ȣǭݡ
⻹ֹδκ£ߪΪɣӷͬƷոһ֪ΪˣֱҲͺձǿһ㡣
˵Ǵֲˣ֪ŵ֪Ϣ󣬶һãȻʲôû˹٣ĻڱģǴ˶֪ôŵ⡣
ܼ򵥣ǲҪµˣ
ȻֻΪɣŵģڼӷͬƷҲ˵ʱΪ֪һְ϶ģֻµˣĿǰûкʵѡңʽ࣬Ҫܶģ鷳˵µֱȰˣǴҲȵȶ֮㡣
ңΨһһ£Ĵ󳼣ɼͬĽ飬˸󳼣ҲһϹӣΪȥҾ㣬Ϊ˵Ļ͸ҹȻ˴£һ˼ǳΪǣΪ帮¡
Ҳ¶ͼεľġ
֪ŵĻǾ͸Ӽ򵥣Ϊ˲һ꣬˶ûʲôϵҪߵˣǱ߻᲻ҪǱߵˣֻ᲻ֻˡ
֮ǷǳǳȷǲҪȥˡ
Ҳû˸پȥҪѽ帮Ͷգۼ䣬ͱᵽȥˣǰ黢ѽ

Сһ㡣
־С״ϲʱ˿̵Ķ׷·һҹࡣΡΡĴԼĸۡſȸ氧ˣص̾˿
ѵֻŲô
ֻһ
һ̧ĿȥֻӸ˳ʱһïï
һЦǰδйïˡ
һ˫Ŀʪï㰡԰գ
ܵȫƾĹϵȴ˾أȳҲֻӭǼȸж
ģаһ֣̾ĳ뵱ǳʶ֮ʱ緢ʱǶѾ޲԰ףǵ࣬Ҳʲôûоģˣʲôģܰ꣬ǱõĽ֣֡Ҷö࣬Ϊô򵥵ĵδ͸
ˮٴס֣

ͬʱǱ帮Ҳص˸С
ϱ׶ԣ帮ԵþһЩʧǣؾǰͨһӴǭݴʷཨһ
޷ܰ
븮ţվͥԺУ˫Ŀһ˦Ԫ֣嵽ǰˣҡ
̾飬ǱǸʺѾˣǴֳ²òôʺΨһܹģǿ̣Ǹžۡ
帮вʣ治ΪҲ벻Ҫϳⲻѽ˵Ҫƽô裬ö׻ô֤ݣҲнգ˵ҲԼĴҲˣƽʱЩĵĹԱһӰӶţﻹȳˣҲǸһ㰲οʵͷתʺһ帮ʧˡ
¹ֲ㣬˭Ҳû뵽ᷢչһ̾˿ֵҰǭݴһЩӣлĻ
˵ˣͣסˡ
帮ȼһ˿ϣѽˣǻʺڣʺôٰҸ
⵱Ȼƭģһϣסǡ
ɺ֮˱п֮帮ʱεȵţ˭˶ȴŪڹ֮䣬
ǿɱ


ˮǧɽ߹ÿһС˴̡
ûڳͬһ׸衣
ڹ̨ϲ˵ǮͻȻͣһԵƹ
ƹЩ󣬺Σ

Ǯ󷽵һۣȻ󼱼˳ȥұ߿ȥֻ§С֣Žֱһߣһۣ߳Ե÷ǳ
Ǵȥ߹ʱǮǰС磬ʲô˿ģ
Сһۣ϶һЩˬôĸôܹأ
ǮҲϲãڨڨǲҴŵλأ
˵أ
û
ǮһΣǸǸֻǼ˿ģΪʲôϲ£ʴʣǡǶԲס
̾˿ɿС֣ߵǮԣļ򣬵Ȼô棬Ҿ͸ɣȷϲ¡
Ǯ󷽸æô֪Сʲôϲ£
ҿۣСҼǮˡ

Ǯһ㵵Ŀźա
յͷģո·ڣҼһǮ
ǮŶһǹϲϲûаϲõ˼ռǮʲôֵùϲģôǮ
ллպǺһЦֵôǮǮֻ˵ˣǮûʲôôȻסңҾͽǮ͸ɡ
˵ţĴ棬ͳһǮŵǮ󷽵
Ǯ󷽶һƣϲϣô˼
ʲô˼ģ͵ʱһòͷҪҵɢչһЦֵˣˡ
˵ţ§СּǰȥС֣ͷ
ܵδ̳ʻ߹
һףšӢ۰ɡ
õģ
ܵ׼ʱȻһ磬ʲôʱǮأô֪
Цڷš
ǱǮ󷽽ĿӺ˻ֵͷϲĿеǮţţϵϲ֮ɫȥ˼Ǯôе찡Ƭ̣ͻȻǮⲻҵǮô
Сһ߳Ӣۣһɣľ
ʲô£ôİ
ɣľЦʵ
ܵܺٺٵǮˡ

ɣľҲһ㶡
ֵܵźֽǮ͸Ǯƹ񡣡
ɣľԽԽԺˡ
չһЦҿ˿ɣľãм·Ըȥ
ɣľæʲô£
ЦǺǵȥҸһ㲻
ɣľһ㶣漴Ц
ŶһĻǲǿЦģġˣ˵ʲô
ɣľգգۣҡͷûʲô
ܵͦŴӣһЦˡ
һӣܲһ㣬ˣˣȥðɣҸɣľ̸̸
Ŷ
ܵʶľԺȥͻȻӦعͷֵ͸һ˿ΣԹĿ˺һۣȻһŤͷȥ
չһЦֳɣľɫңģϾҪ


1609 ʱ

ɲҪǣ⼸˾ǿŲҵģʴɣľеǳȣֻѯҪķ˲ţȻȥˡ
ֱȥķļƻóǽϡ
ɣ޳ܣҪ覴ñرĺ
ҡҡͷпǺһ˿ԼôŵһǺǻôⰡ
˵գ˼ãȻļƻϵķ֧ķ֧ддĸLYF
д֮󣬺˺һԼļƻĿ˸ţͻȻЦ帮ѽ帮ɵסڰϻȥˣ˵Ժ㺫үõĵط
˴ʱ׼ȥСǺȾƴƨȵתǴվһλŮǹǣʱǽǵʻ
ŮѹôڶƸС
˹ȥЦ
΢΢һعͷȥüһ·ôûѽ
̫˺òһƨȵĻϣʵʲôأ
ǵ£
ճƬ̣ЦĪǡɣ
ޣ
װһֻ㣬ɡ
һۣǾͻ˵ɣ󣬶Բԣ
ԣ
ܰɣҵĹղĴҲƺ̫ţʲô
ǵҵ¡
ˣһΡ
ġǵӹһ٣帮ҲֻǱᣬٳ˭֪᲻ٻҺ˽Ϊˣصһҵġ
յҲ˵帮زصصǻô㵱Ҳƽȥˡ
ܱ̾һʱ޷һȻ㣬չ黹Ǽ˵ģɵʱ˭ȢңѵҲӦΪ˷ô
գգۣôһ˵߿ŵСһְǷĪ
ҲŲС檡
յʲô
ĵһۣ֪
ͻȻ˫ֺʮ汣ӣ帮ϱȥԶٻˡ
Ҿôô
ҲƵҾô˧ô
С
ҿǿǡ
һЦ漴һ̾˵ģԴ֪̺һֱ
յͷɫ⣬͵ṣ̌ټҵֵ벻ʲôȥһǵĹӸ硣
֮Ǽ˼ͷֳȻȱһɣⱲӿɸˡ

Ƕԣһ˸Ϊ˾ĸףʦ
ддôôɱ˳帮ﱻᣬƾʲô̡УҾӦ
ֳ˵ǣ¾ˣҪ£ôŹһкڳ

һʦмƵЦǺǵΪ˷ŭҵΪһ¡
ϸʦİܡ
ʦüϸʲô
ϸЦֳĪ޵һԡʵһֱΪô׵ˣǱʲôļǱҪʮɽͷֻޡһʱ뿴ǽױȥκݣκǶ׵ϼңͶ׻ϼȥˣȴ帮ȥǭ֮أ˵ʲô˵Ѿ׷帮ҿ帮һǺٷˡû˱µıӣ帮Ǳ΢ĳҵĶ֡
Ȩţǵ˵طϣƾֵܹ쾡¡
ʦüΣ֮⣬Ǹ
ϸЦ֪⼸һֱܵ帮Ĵѹ帮ҲǺ֮ǣټƼҵĹϵٽҵ˰ȥǱߣӦòǺܴ⣬ǭɽ߻ʵԶĵطôǶԡ
ʦԵͷ˵òô帮ˣȥ˵˵
ϸͷ
һ˵ˣһˣҲܷŹǽ帮ԿϵļôҲøԿһɫƣ֪ҵ
˵úã߲帮ʰѾ˰Ͳסʼƽʱ帮׽ˣչһϵеı
ΪֻǱҪڳڳ͢飬ǹܲŵġ
׵ģȻ¡罭ֵܡ
ΤҡҡѦңһЩ¤壬ʼڹеԿϷΪЩ壬Ҫʿ׼һ£ʿΪҪ
ΤᡢѦǹĴ壬ǵߣԿһļңԲǶ֣ϢĵڶգԿȡ˻¡
֮ͨ飬òǰ飬һĽϣôԿϣ˭
ԿŻˣеĳϽº罭̽£Ļͽ˶ţг
ֵûа취ֻ顣
ֵ֣ܵʱǱ帮Ƶģͽ帮Ӽг̧֣һ¶ʦˣҪ֪ǳ͢٣ҲǱƵûа취
Ǿ仰ɺ֮Ҳп֮
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罭һתͻȻֶ֣ģ󣬲ֵ㱨ǣҲڶҵһߣɰֳڶ
ʦüͷôѯʵĿ⿴罭
罭̵帮ֵܽдԿϵļףͼԿϵҲô£帮澡ʧǽ塣ǿԽ帮αǽдǼҼ׵£ȫʾѾ帮Ӽг֪ΪСܴ˲Σ
ʦΣҪʾǳдձйرʿ屨ô
رʿ屨ǹмźɽµӡˢŪġ
¡罭ʦɿˣǸϽȥд£ȻǮڹر濯ǡ
رԭȲʿ屨Ͼʿ屨ɽʿŪģɽʿȺ϶ĥд£дԼһЩھĵע⣬ѧԷǳǿкȶĶߣձˣձ˶һƬ¿ǳȥֱۣ֮
ûʲôĻˡ
±ʸӣдǽһϬû˵Ϊ帮ϾǸԱУʾ帮αģԸģʾ帮һֱԼǺųΪܣڹ׼κƷ̫ʹ˹ףʵҲûн壬Կߡ
ɴ˻֤һʿ֮𣬲ϼ׵⣬ôض
ô˵Ǽ£˭˵ҳͲˣ㳯͢ûйϵ͢ȻҲܲš
տˣ׷׳Ц帮̫Ҫ̫ûˣȻ˼ȥס
ʿˣҲǴ帮帮ŵĳͽ帮Ǻų
Ŷ帮ˣǹ͸Ӳ˵ˣȻǲмһˣҲǽ˳Цһ
֮ĸ׼ڳЦ帮帮ҲҲˣ֪ĸ׼ˣνǣ⣬У˵һʿ
һ˵ã
ɢǽư
ڳ˭˵Լ帮й帮ôһʷȹʺˣȻ帮ǰҲƪµɱҪһá
帮ȻᣬȺ׼ˣҶҿȥ£ƪ³֮帮̳Ϊ˽㣬ҿʼڣ帮ĳ¶˳Ȼ඼ǱģҲбۡ˶ۣǵȻۣϾڣҲǹغʲôȨ̸ֻ֮۰Զѡ
ǲ̫ɲ帮Ҫģȥֺ帮ȴ˵帮ǵģ帮ƷҶԸԣûһɣΪȫ帮磬Ҳˣؼ˼帮ûߣôһˣֲǱ䣬ܵ׼ɣⲻǳҪ帮ô
ʵ帮Ѿˣ۵ۣͨԽԽͲˣһݱֽʱûѪ಻ˣڶûˣһʿô۸˵ģң˶ҳˣϽ־ͱе˳ЦҪ֪ǰЩ˹ƣҲǷǳŵģ˵ûᱻ˴ģͽֽ˺÷飬ҧгݣԹ޵гһգһܹһǸú


1610 ǰ
峿ʱ֣
һڳ͡
ңңң
շеĹرҡͷ̾һ˵ã
帮Ļǲ־ϢسܱС˵ˡ
Եºߵʲôң帮ȡҿ๼
𣬾帮٣Ҳֽкõģа֮ĵġ
ȴüͷһ塣
յˣ˴ˣԩԩ౨ʱˣ帮Ѿ˾أֺα侮ʯء
øһЦԵͷ
һΣ֪˵ȥĽ࣬ƲúյóѣԾͲˡֱ뿪֮ŵҲ˵㲻ȥأ
æɲô˵ǷȥĻҵȻԸͬ
ˣ
ߵҿרȥֻ侮ʯģȻڱ߶ŴȱΪǶɨѽ
һˣ㻹˽ôУԶǵһλģֻҪһ仰ҿһֻ侮ʯģܿǸʹ죬ݼۻеá
һЦһۣǶǿˣѾԼһȥ

մˣǾȥʹ帮ģúóһڶ
帮Ƥڳһӣһ·תˣ治˵ҪٴȥĻᱻˮĭӸ帮նԭ뿪ģ˶ڹעϢܿʹ˳
ʱϳǳ⣬ۣɽ˺ѹѹһƬҷ׷ΣԻͣŲ֮Ľ׼ʿС⣬вٻʼҾάΰô帮ҲһʷԹô󣬳͢Ҳֳ¶񰲾ֵһʼҾǰ帮ǡ
ˣˣ
һߺ
ֻϳǵɵϣһ֧ӡ
޳Сˣ
ޣ

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ϣǿҵˣǼһ࣬һ֪ʲôˡ
˵öԣ˶ˣ֪帮ʲôˡ
磬ǻʼҾôᱣˡ
ҲֻǷ£ͷ˺һ㡣
帮ôҲû뵽ԼΪʱ򣬾ȻǱ֮ʱַ⣬ɲҪ
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帮棬ķ̡Ц޵ҧгݣҲֻܴߴϳ涼¶
ǽϣԿŹһֻСڹ꣬עűЦ֪Ķˡ
תͷһֻк¬ʦ⸣Уƽ޹ʵˣþǺ¡
Цɲô˵ɹʱ˺ͣҲǳɹĹؼڣΪһʱȻһɳ죬ʷ
¬ʦҡҡͷ֮£еñʧûвͶģ»ƽĶԴúá帮䵽زΪ̫̰ˡ
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¬ʦԿų£벻ն帮ôԹɼ⹫İ
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¬ʦԻĿĹˣֻǽ֮ϻվŲˣܹվڳǽϵˣȻһˡ
帮ƽڳз裬䵽أȻ侮ʯ
Ц帮ˣЩ곤յԽԽãղӦö帮ôԹɼ±˹ⰲŵġ
¬ʦȴ̾ǴұϾͬΪʹ帮ˣˣֺαͱˣ˭ָұ֤ԼͲһգνʩˡ

ʹڡ

ƣ߽
ӭʵ帮Ѿأ
ϵͷˣߵûǲװ
һ֣ʹˣЦʵкܶȥô
ϿЦɲô·ǵ˶ȥˣ帮ɲԸ͡
˵棬лǼдô˿˿ھΣϾ帮һֱǹҲ˺ܶҲǳ߸ϵĸоЩ᲻帮ֵŮ֪ڱݵġ
ѾϵˣҲҪô
΢΢һЦЩĴż帮йصһ˵ȣЩ帮֮볯еĹȻĿǰܵǣҲе鷳ȥԬ褣氲һЩˣǲùֵǡ
Ԭ褣
΢΢һ㶡
ͷԬ褹ְߣڳеĵλӰ帮ᲢۣĻЩȻס
Եͷǰȥֺαطϳ帮
帮λ˳ڳеĵҲ٣ϵĻʺ⻷ôԣֻҪǿ뿪ģԬ褲ͬԬ褹ְߣֻһСɫûʲôӰƾʲôȥЩˣǵȻƾĻʺĹ⻷ϵĻʺ⻷ǷǳԵģΣʱ̣ѡЩ֦ȻѡͶҲûбѡ
ֵŶж帮һ飬Ԭһ¸£ùر׼ٷ帮£ȡƽϢ¡
ϺΪΣ»ǲҪñ֪ĺá
Цѵ帮ȡ˭ô
¡
Ц볯һ˻޼ɡõˣȽϣӦҪñ֪

˵帮ó֮ͣĸ·ֻհһеķ׷š
еգ˳صı߽磬ͣ
帮ҲµϾգʵܼˡ
ˣǰǳؽ籮
Ԫԣ帮˵帮ƺûվԣңǣǳ˲ʡ
Ԫգһ̾ȥ
ЪϢԹ緹֮׼·ϾɫѾˣǵȡǰϵǰݡ
帮ҲѡУɲǸǳǳ˳Ǻ󣬵ľ͸ˡ
еö·óصĽޣ帮ķͻȻָǰ㿴
帮Ŀȥֻ·ϵһôһ̯һʿ̯λϣ˫Ŀ΢ϣڱĿ
Ҫȥʡ˱Ͼһ˼ңͻȻ˴ѣ޽֮Ȼ뵽ӡ
帮ɲЩ⽭ʿ֮ԣҲǲᡣ
߽ʱԪͻȻˣʿĿǲСѽ㿴дʫ䡣
帮һƣдľʫǣسùӣѯƽԵᣬײ˳顣ٿ£ͨز۽ͣҲǰ̡
ƽǺʦӵĻű㻽ӣʫͷһ䣬ڽ£治һĴ
˵˾д˵б£ǹȥһʣҿ˵벻ţǡ
ԪҲѽˣԶβȥʿ
帮Ƕôһ˵Ƭ̣漴˵ͷ
һ̯ͬǰǵʿŵۣģ£һɽȷôһʿζ

Ԫ꿪ں
ǵʿһˣʵ֪λҪѯô
帮ߵôˣ˱йˣɼ㲻ǽƭӶѣ㻹Բѡ
ǵʿЦ֪ƶ˱йˣƶλ࣬Ѱˣ֮ˣֺδ֮أ
ɫһϲ
帮ȴҳִŲˣȻ֪ҷѰˣô˲ġ
ǵʿȻˣֺαعѯأλ㡣
æҪǰ̵ġ
ǵʿǰ̣ûһٹǮ
һٹ᣿
˫Ŀһٰɡ
ԪǮ߯Ҳˡ
ǵʿЦѯֻһǮԣѯһٹǮ
帮òȻŭָǵʿʿĪΪҺ۸д
ǵʿȴŭƶ˵꣬һٹǮȡǵȵ֮ʱȡ
帮㶣ⲻѵһʹ飬˭ֻɵǮ
Ԫһ⻰ֵͷ˿
ǵʿ帮Ц֪˿ɷ֮ƶ֣
帮һתָ
ǵʿգָһ㣬Цǲƶȥֺα˵˵ȻϷŪƶ
帮΢΢һű˵֣ʿһЩУ֮ģʵԼָ֪
ǵʿָһ㣬ͷȻٸ֮ͻȻһЦ
˼æʵΣ
ǵʿЦԾԨ죬ֻˮǳϺϷһơ
Ԫü˻Ǻ⣿
ǵʿݹ˵˽ӦһҴ˽ټΪգֻԶȴΪ˶е˿ǣΪиǸգֻ谲ĵȴʱԻữΪģ뼸꣬˱ɻص
˺ԪԲϲ
帮ȴü㻹㵽ҽܹس
ǵʿЦνһƣ˽ٹ󣬹˱ضǹ˺ͨλ˳سλ˳
帮գͦеģټЩӣù˼㣬ˮ죬һûȻȻľԸȥš
ǵʿվֵɫ磬Ҿʹ˱չ˹֮ʱƶڴȡһٹǮġ
帮ԣŵֵ֣ãгһջܹصؽ񱨡
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˵л治һǳ
䣬ͼ߳ǺСҰ
ǵúգæվȭС˶Ԫͼ


1611 ˼
ٵʿҡͷһ̾ʵΣ
Ԫϲĵͷ帮ƺѾСˡ
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Ԫ̽ŷһУһֲ©ĸ˽һ顣
գЦ벻ӦԵĻͦġ
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ѹ棬ԭα¶ģ˼Ҳ֪һٵʿտЦҡҡͷֵһжȥˣ㹻ʱȥϰһܱسǻһΪһ
Ԫ;ϲԣ
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ԪɫһڨڨǡզãСҲᰡ
Цʲô˲ģбµģܹױ˵ˡ
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ЦˣϿ̷ȥôġ
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ջӻֵǮ͸ˣЩȥɣסĪ·ͣ
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СҰ磬զ֪帮һس
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СҰ룬ͻȻٺһЦˣ磬Ǵ
ЦЦʵˣǷԱѵզ
ɣ˾ѡˣ㲻СҰͷֵԪ˵һףһףʮһαӡ
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СҰտʼʱæѵĵôȻڼ޽һլԺﳤס˵ǲ˵һףһס
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յͷУʱҳ鼸ճԼСֵ֣һȥǱʹϼգ˳СּʣȿɲС֪
СҰǺֱЦֻûɲƭСֵġ


帮ȻˣɲʹֹΪ뿪ֻһˣǽһķ粨Ѿˡ
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ߣǹҳǿĹȺ壬Īڹйɽʿ壬ǵ˭Ҳǹмźɽôһ㲻Ҫǳ棬Իǽġʲôʿ壬һɢɳΪǡ
⣬͢һֱ˵˹ģδ˵ȫϳˣҲ˵ʳͣⲿĲ֣͢û˵һ˱ԽҵΪԼԶһ١ʴֻҪǵļƻȽһ˹ɸˣͬʱסһˣʾǣⲿǲᶯģһͿԳ߽ǡ
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ŴǺܶط͢Ǳ޳ĪڵطЩԱʿģֻ»˴ɱΰյġ
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һҪסһ㣬ִƻʱһҪֵļᶨƾģκѣҲҪҧͦȥֻҪԼң»Ҳˡ


1612 ιףμ
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1613 
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˵ΪʺȻⷽ׼ǧ㣬û㵽Լ׽㣬˸Ρ
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Τü˸ƣδܹõطϵӵ񰲾ϵһ𣬻᲻񰲾
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⺫Ҫǻ飬ֻҪûǾǴһǼ˵ҪְȨ񰲾֣ǵȻԺ֮֮Ǵ¸񰲾ֶйϵ
յҲǹ㲻ϵһҲδػϲ񰲾ֵĴڣΪˣǸӦ໥ֺ֧Ͱ⣬˸ƺ񰲾޷ϵϵ˸֮󣬳͢ԼɣԼܣô͵зȻôȥܣʴ˻˸֮£ƶһϵеɷ˭ɷĴǻʼҾôڣ˸һ¹ش󣬾㲻ɻʼҾ죬Ҳȥ񰲾ֽʧȥһѵĻᡣ


1614 ѧŮ
̴գ໥ɫһ
񰲾һµĹ𣬶ҷǳ⣬ܾ˾ƺѾǼˣϵĻҲ֪ôҲ̲Ǿ˾ƣ໥ƺģûԵ֣֮˵ֻ˵ְ̲ڲͷǳңΪʲôҪ񰲾ֵ
֮񰲾ʡƣԳһɣûְ̫Ŀռ䣬ôֲȱ㣬ܼ򵥣񰲾֣񰲾ֵ漰ΧԽ㣬ôеȨԽ󣬵ھ١
Ҳʶһ㣬ҲΪʲôϧЩʿ𡢵طԱҲҪ񰲾ơ
һ˼ҪӵͷΰҲ񰲾֣ھ񰲾ֵȨ
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Ϊ˸ǵһʧһȻȥҧ͢ȻͻȥˣʼҾά͢䲼ķʵϾά˵棬˳͵ء
񰲾ö֮󣬵ڶպֽŴһȥ̶˹뻧ĺˡ
֮Щ죬Ǹߡ

ҹĻѾ٣һӻг
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ŵĵͷ
ҡҡͷҲ̫ס
ЦΪѧһԽԽҪ
ղ˵꣬ƾʲôƶѧԽԽҪ
һЦ⵱ȻΪ㰡㲻һֱᳫѧ˼룬Ҳû⣬Ǹʱ÷ЩʲôͳƹʽĻǳӵ򵥻Ҷѧӡʴر۲ѧеãʵѧŷǳãҵУѧԽԽֻϧƾδЩвŻˣΪΪӵҲࡣΪĿǰѧҪӦҵ˵λ΢ƣʵ顣棬Ůȷʵ
ôŮֻ辶Ҿѧõĳ·ΪѧĿǰӣŮҲ󣬹ʴҴ㽫Ů˵˾Ͷѧ棬ŮҲʲôѧͳʲôҪŮ˶ѧϰѧҽѧŮ˵ѧʣѧܹƽƽôŮҲܹƽƽˡ


1615 ܺ
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ԶӣẰˣ


1616 
ΪƵһ㣬Ƕǳִ룬յʲôȻһܹһ顣ԭӦһǳ򵥵£Ȼģںܶԭ򣬵ԭ򵥵£øѣҲΪ֮ŬΪ㲻ȥԣɹĻֻ㡣
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Цŵͷ˵Ͷѧֻ׬Ʋġȴ룬¿ǵҲȫûе⹤ԽȽҪԽ٣Ӧδѣгδ˲ţͲɼ̼ȱˣͬʱִڴʧҵԱ
ǿѾͶ˲ǮȥԪĵһۣ˵ɱңֵҲǸǣżǱߵĶʵ̫ˣǰòŽ˵һ֮ǿͬʱµõϺЩʱ֯ȫɴ
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ѩԵͷ˵Ҳе
еɣպٺһЦֵãǱߵׯ԰ѾˣҪʱԼ¸ĵһȥ齫Σ


1617 Ĭ
齫
ѩʶ
ѽǲǾòôС˵
Ϊҵ̬ȣºղΪѩٰһԪĵĻΪ˼ګϷ˶ġǿǣȵԼѩȥѩΪĿ̫ǿˣҲı⣬𶴷˵עؼָоϾϱܹⷽ㣬㣬ַɫѾԹˣȻͻᣬֵʱϣѾǸ׶ΣֻЦʱżζһµ
һֱûһļңģɼҵԭҲΪԼֻңΪŴ飬Ŀռ䡣
ѾѩԼӣ˵ˣʴˣֻǵϣһ˵һ
ǣҡҡ
ѩҵҡҡͷʵ˵齫󣬱ѾӦ˹ȴ֪λشշ·Ⱦһϼ
ŮĿѶģԼҲ֪룬ձӲ֪ˣˣҺβ̹ԣҿġǵѩʵѾӡˣĵһһ𡣡
ѩõһϣ飬мǸжϲãʵֺγǣۿ΢΢Щʪ󣬺Цص˵ͷ
ռӦˣвϲͬʱҲԹԼŪ齫ԽŪԽӡ뱧ɼĴвũڣվĿԣһоǲ֮С
ȡǵͷ֮󣬺ֿʼְţҪׯ԰ǱߣԼʱϣϾºԪĵԼˣþܵİš
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1618 ǵļ
ƣ¶ĥΪһգǽʾ֭ľѪٷ֮ٵŬκ¶ŬһЩû뵽ŮȻʱԣһŻ𣬴ʱѾֻʣ˻硣
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ѩҿûôãһֱΪҲüӯƽϵĻǱ㲻ǰ飬ֻһ
ڰ鷽棬ǺԼ뷨ȻûҲдЩ˷θĹΪΪ˰ܣǾջ񣬹ʴûбԹκζղܹҲԹ޻ڡ
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ѩⲢҪʵԣҲֻ뺫鷳ҪܵӰ졣
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ϾյݿǷǳģɽҰ룬⿿ֻǱȽϲȫԪջһ˹Щ˾ǵȥ¹Ȼġ
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ȪϪԣձǼ˵ǿһȪ
ѩߺ죬˭Ҫһݡ

չһЦ֣Ϫȥϵˮ鿣ˮĻӾأںһ˵ģֵʱǾͿһ죬һҵӾˡ
ѩЦĿĹˣվɽоɫ۵ףȻһޱˬŽڣζԡ
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֪ô˵ҾôôƵġպ˷ܵģֻǵļˣ˵ģСҰСֿɲˡȻһˣֺαôԶˡ
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Ҳͣ°Ȼߣȥιһǵĳ

ѩʱһ㶣ǲԼнһ㶼˴ĵط
һۣЦɲһźֻеȵ֮󣬲Ż˽ɨģʴ˷¶ԼԺȥĵطɵϤϤ

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ôѩĶԳûʲôӡ󣬵ʶУӦġǱҵûҪɾһЩ
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ʯԣʱһ˿վһŷˣһ߳ˮһ죬񲻿ա
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ճȥéѩŻˣéʲôȥģҲȥ
ȥУʱֻ㶼á
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ȻѽʽéҪȥġ
Ӳѩ֣һéڡ
ѩéͬҲǿɾ࣬ŵһ̴㣬ӡеéȫһּƵͰ滹һ̴ľΣһԲ״죬ʵǡ
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յƼûУˣһҲģͦģҪҪԣ
ѩŵֱҡͷ
ͻȻҲӦ˹ٺٵԼ԰ɡ


1619 Ϊ̻
ףʲôģ
·һŴ򿪵ǰѩͻȻͣ濴ȥֻҲľ̳ɵģҲҪ󣬵ȴһеǳ档
Ŷ٤ҡ
Ц
٤ң٤Ǻѩ㵵
Ŷ֪٤յһ֮ʱǿһϰǵĵʦ뵽ԼԴŮϰ٤ǻǲҪ̫Ȼʲôˣ㿴ûУ˵䣬ָһľš
ѩͷʵʲô
յڲСöʱǵСҲܹ֡
ѩ˫գɼһҲûгɨ¡
󣬺ִѩȥѩԷ
ףôˮûߴɣ
ոţѩˮ
յׯ԰ɫȪ
ȪⲻԷô
ҽȪᵽԷֱ֣Է̨ȥ
ϵ̨ףֻʲǫ̂һԡѽˮߵͲߣԡеˮԶ֮
յ̨ǿŵģоݵʱ򣬿¾ϵʱǿԽ濴ǣǲͦġ
ѩԭͦĵģ濴ǣǱһζɷӦҲ淺Σ֪ռұˡ
ռռֺǺǵֱЦֵǱ߻һڴȪǻһһ졣
ѡǿȪʴˣǳֵȪһеľ鶼档
ִѩȥǴȪιۣȪϾȻģֻ΢һ
ǳԷеƶǳһȥģǾǼҵĸоľׯ԰ÿһܹһһӪͬĿֺܰׯ԰ǴƷ񣬵ƾȫƾ身ԼǸƳġ
ѩҲ˺յ⣬ҲնһеһжмĿΪĺձֵķǳ˷ܣ·˵ĻҲȾҲʼҳ֮顣տʼʱںǺˣ԰԰Ҳڴ
ѩιׯ԰һʱǺأԲ֪ƣ룬ִѩƺϣһѩǾܹվǵĺڲݵˣǸоһǳ
ѩһЦش𣬵ȴ뺫յĴյøˡ
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ѵΪǶڰнϾѽҪϾҲüһϸ£ⲻνϾΪ¼˴ˣҲѽȻѾԼãԸڲ֪£ǾƲġյüţȻƳѩﶸȻ׹мǸжȴѩֵǻȥɡ
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һۣǲǵ»֮ҹǡȴ֪պտһļңΪѾѩӣǸʽԣôҪ
ѩ˴ʱӦµӺ˸ͨ͸½ţǡǡȴֲ֪ô˵Ǻá
ЦǿĪҪǵһ⡣
ѩǽ߲ѡ
˻صׯ԰ЩԭǷžŵºԪĵȥˣǳ緹ȥȷʵûаˣҲʵΪ˶ǿ˵۷ˢˢǷУ÷С¥ָǵġ
ѩѾ⣬ʴҲźһȥڸ߸ߵϣźոոкõˮ̨ǰæµĺգֻͣվͶ䶼Ƿǳ˧ţıԳʦĿ
յȻö˵ΪǰСʱԼˣĸײʱ򣬻ȥչˣֻǺǧ̫ɼϲסƵ꣬ʱֻϲŮ͵ĿˣΪգͺñɴ˿ɼʱҲȫ׷ǷĿУҲǳע˸оһЦҲͦģֻһҹҲһҪڸо档

һսһӺһСѩǰ򵥵һӽ棬ܱ˵׺һɰСһ
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ֶԼѩԣѩԵһںʵô
ѩЦŵͷǰҲյգҲȴζΪշǳİ
ڲǰһ߳ԣһţȻֻˣҲǻЦﲻϣⱾ»еá򵥵һը棬Ӳǳ˰ʱ֮󣬺ȥұߵ̨ϴ
ѩҲĨ棬ʵͳһӽܹж࣬ȴѩģĳɾ͸УԼҲܹﵽյġ
ʰɾ֮󣬱ѾǰҲȫǵͯУǣ֣ΧĹȵΧţĹȵֱҹĻ٣˲Żصˮ鿡
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ȵϲδлӦѩˮ鿣ÿһݶǺŵãĴֲյӰ˵ԼļңҲǵһеЩ£գ
䣬žһ죬ŵһʱ䣬һ쳣ǰɹֻȪͻȻѤĿĹâߣкɫģɫģнɫģѤʣҫۡ

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ѩںջֻ̻˿̵İеİ顣
̻Ҳ˸߳


1620 ܲ齫
»ȻҪúòһȻѩˣȴҲ𴲣ԡ˴ų÷š
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Ǵ֣˭ܵܣ
˳Էȵϣ洫һϽ˳ȥ
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ѩҲϽ½㣬ĵ㣬ǿЩ֣ͣٴ
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ŭԪĵһۣȻźյã˵˭˵㣿˭ĸ
㲻ϲʵôΪëҰյͱˣ룬˼ʵˣǱˣӦҪΪ˸һֱȻңҲһ֮
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һ侲ԪĵҲ֪յѴЦһЦһңѵƾЩҵƾÿǵȻ߾֮ҲĿҲ뵱ĸߣ㣬ǰǮΪβٹģ˵Ҳ֪֣ſڣǮܵĻֻܹˣסׯ԰
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»ͷһɣǷĵһˣܹ뺫ңɶҵͷǸֵľֳΪŮڹ˽Ӧҵĸ
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Ŀл䣬ָԪĵҪ£㲻ǰɣҽձԸǳҪǿþҪźֹΪԼǿԽġ
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δ䣬±һȥ
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1621 滵
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1622 ģʽ
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ĵѩҲһȻһһǹҵŮˣҲǶ⣬ʵԼҲ̫ںЩҵְڣұҪһ㣬ûɿɽģΪֻġǿûбȽϾû˺ҸһȣͲѷʵ÷ǳףԼûУﻹȥ˼ңⲻֿôֻǵҲˣҵλ˸һҿѾˣȻĻҾƲùġ


1623 ʺ
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ѩգգۣѧŮˣ
µͷһټһŮˣרŵѧо飬ңǻȥܱߵƹѧŮ˶ѧϰѧѧΪŮ˱ѧѧʡ
ԪĵһֻǳȻУ֪Ůı׼ǽڹ壬ͨûɶϵǹŮѧϰЩҪҲԼʱԼӣҪ˵ã̸ϡѧʣ˵ѧʣŮûԼѧʣʵҲѧһ㣬ҪҪ֣ѧոճǶѧʣѧŮ˵ȷһԲϡȴ쿪Щʿɲôġ
㶮ʲôºһЩʿҿɱĶֻ࣬Ҫ˵ŮѧϰѧҪΪ˸õĸˣӣһӦģЩʿҲѧǼܵи˰ɣŮѧϰѧ֮ô˵ЩһֱѧǽѧŮ˽ҲģǵʱͿ˵ѧֻʺŮˣſˣһֵ֧ġ
ѩĻҲܵ˺
ЦͿǵˣֻǽѧһݹŮ˵ѧУףⲻһܹôҶܹܵɰˣԷ̫Ӱ졣
Ԫĵ΢΢һû뵽¾Ȼܹǵꡣ
˵գͻȻҿ˿ˣȥأ
䣬ѩһֻĿɿڴǰ
¡Ԫĵתͷһֻǰվһźºڿ㣬ñӵˣҲǹ죬һͷһɡ


1624 оƽ
Ǻ˭
ͣƣȴŮŵĿɿڴ
Ȼһʼ
δζδζδζδΣ
һ֪ν𣬺ͻȻ
Ťת
ŮһЦȴ־úյĶ䲻ţͬʱǲе㲻˼飬֮Ǿ÷ǳ졣
Ȼһתֵñӣ˦ǡ
ʶһץסֹôñӣ
һŤһ߳
ѩֱӣһŹ֮ɫڸʲô
ͻȻȥ£һ˦ȥ£
Ůʱˣ
δôŵˡ
ǲǷأ
ʱͻȻץסԼӣһǿӶʱ˺鿪

ŮͬʱһƲȥ
էͨһ漴һĹЦλŮΣ
ŮˮعͷȥֻѾԾˮУһЦĿǡ
ͽӣҪѽ
ӡ
һΪˣˡ
ŮʱһַգŻǡ
ȴֱֵ֣ҪҪϼȦ
ޣ
չһЦˮһ꣬һεǱȥˡ
¡ԪĵѩҲ֪ǵķˡ
ӾءŮʱ˸ʱҪ֪տ˵ѹԼˣĺգǷǳšģһ㲻ߣΪӦö˶ʡ
أ
ѩظ
Ԫĵû˾ǰ֡
ѩֵ˵Ȼ䲻ţҲġ˵ţһκ£Ȼ죬ģġ
ԪĵҲɻһҾֵģȴʲôᡣ
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µһЦ
Ů̿
Ϊһ硣
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š
µǰɲģųֵСȫ⣬ҼûõˣΨһŵʱ֮ԴӦ޸Ҳֻ£ʵǵ»֮ҹҲìܣǾ»֮ҹڻؼҵ;УͻȻһУ˶ȥģȻҶһ٣ȴ˸Ƶá
Ԫĵ˵񣬵ǲģ
µǵĹ˵
Ԫĵ΢΢һ죬⻹ǲ˼飬Ƿ˵ʲôû
µ˵ǰװģʵǰɵЩ£ҲǼ֮¡
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ԪĵȴǺƭģ
ѩ㽫һ£֪Ԫĵ
ԪĵҲǺֺЦ˿ǰװġ
ѩʵҲ֣㿴ׯ԰֮ǲǸĺһЩͬ
Ԫĵͬʱ˵ͷ
Ůͬ棬Ȼȱ⣬ǹںյģΪԭ򣬲֪УԪĵ֮ĽҲ̸յ£Цڶ
Ȼ䣬ˮرͻȻðһͷһЦλŮʲôأôġ
һЦ˵ƣ
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ѩϽƲȥȥ
ԪĵЦԭǿƭļҰ
ҡѡ
˵꣬ձȥ
һ󣬡Ц
һӾر߶ȹһֵ磬ϵʱ򣬺ֽᵽ棬һʯϣտΪǹŴ⿾ҶٶһЩÿ˶Լ֣Ҫմġ
Թҹ֮յڴҹڽˡ
ͬߣʱδǹѾ·ޣϾջδԸõ֮úúðοο
ţŵģ
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ڴԡ²ɫ䣬ǵԼŸˡ
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µ㡪Щȥ
ȻҪرģɱǣӦ˯ģ޹ޣŵҪصġ
һ
ԡڣһƵںջǵջͬԪĵ۸ңԪĵȥѽ
Ц۸ˣһֱڰò
أǰɾˣûسŵ
յһֱسŵǰ滹صΪ㣬ȥĵ˵Ǩ㡣ֻĵ˵ӷǳҪǿǫõĻ᲻˵ġ
˵ҡ
ţ
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ҹ㵱յĵֻһɣΪңһ㹻չԼ㽫ҹãôݡλʵ㶼ռã޻˵ˡ
һĨĿ⣬ǡɵðҡţǿɲԴ֪ԼⷽмＸϾѾմĶʧȥġ
֪ʵô
µȻǹҰ˵ţ淺ΣΣҡһ治ǺС
ùһЦͼʶˡϣ
ŭõһۣЦôһԪĵֵЦˣ˵ﲻҰɡ
պٺٵϿûѵ͡
ɬѣ
һסҿǡ
һ㶣漴һЦ򴽣ںջϵǣֻޱȵҸ㽫ȪԷ⻹ǲ
벻ѽպٺһЦֵ£ʵĸʲôģҾøҪĵǸľͻеҿҲһһֵţͦõô
бĿ˰һûֻﹰ˹
ʵһۣԪĵѾеİΪǶʶԼʵҲдģȻô˼˵Է˵ĽҲ˲٣Ժӵʱ൱ͳһ
ն¶ԣҲģԪĵĹϵͣһаţɧ
գ
ȵպ´ڳʱѾͣҹʵ̫һжôãȻ˯ͷ
ȵ߳ȵʱԪĵѩˮԺ衣
գ½㣬ˡѩոˣ̺
һȴɬѣԪĵ˯𴲡
һ룬ѶȿǲСΪ
ӾԣҲ£ǵλŮ˶ɲţߣ٤
ΪŮֻ֪ʲôҲ棬ҲͷӦ
Ƴķ̣ɶ̫ʺ٤Ȼտǵ٤ȻҲӦ·ֻǲһڳ䳤˶ȻӵƣһŪŮ˽ķ̣ǿŶ
ǰŶУһŮ˿רҵ٤ʦҲѧ٣ƭѧ٣һҪʲôһ㣬Ҷ˴໥ѧϰȻ̸רҵģǽһⶼûС
٤ӡȣйĴͳ˼ǳǺϣǽģ׷塢뾫гͳһЩı˶ʽһҲһյ赸Żˡ
Ǻܿ٤İ壬Ԫĵһ㰮٤¸տʼһ㲻ͷǴҶ棬ҲȾˡ
٤磬ȥ汣ⱣѾΪׯ԰ı䡣
ȵϣһģһеһж纫ԤеĵҲĪںգ·С֣ɳϣ˵Ļ⣬ֶ࣬֬֬ǶͶǶֻҪǸȤģնģΪҲܹ죬վ;÷ǳ֡
ȻһǿԵģһ˯ǲеġ
ңעԪĵԪĵҲ׼סˣҲûʲôߵġ
ʵҲԡףƽʱҪԡǺѳɹģԡ׾ңһо˳Ȼġ
Ҫ˵Ԫĵһ裬ģΪõģƤǺ覴ãСѩҲǲܹȵġ
ջԪĵǰ˵壬һ£ĵׯ԰Σ
ԪĵЦסȷǺġ˵ţͻȻһתҲҪףѰտסׯ԰Ҫõĸ࣬Ҳͱ븶Ŭǲֲ˼񡣡
֪ô˵պǺһЦſֻһ֣ȫôţҲģΪ÷ɵʱ򣬾;֣ʱ湤ҪżҲŹŷż٣Ļʲô¶ã˵ô
ԪĵԵͷ˵õҲ޵
պٺһЦھһ¡
ޣ֪ûġ



1625 
ںտǹֻΪģŬֻΪ˸õ˵ö˶ʣֻһֶѣ˿һС
Щд󳼣ͥǶԣֻǵˣȨģǵĿ꣬ʱʱ̣̿ÿÿ붼׷ȨĻǾͣԼĽŲ
̫ξ
̫ξһûѽ
ٷǳ޼˵
ɳ޼΢΢üɫԵЩԥ˵ıǳ΢
£ü͸һ˿̫ξ¹Щʱ治֪ԥôǰ˵ȴ帮㣬帮Ѿ뿪˳Ҵӱµּ帮ǳ״ŭ˱£ٷˣ帮ǱߵˣȺףѾҳһšǵһûѽ
ٲץסһεĻᣬȵԷȶҪɾˡҲһֱԴУȥǳᱻԷһһģʺ󴦴ǣȻǲŹǵģǲܻԻ롣ʵʵˣѾԴ˸еǶĺܡǱҪᳵʦӽȥǭе帮նݳⶼӦĻй弫Ĳ
Ϊ޼ɵߣ¹¤Щ꣬ȷʵǳ˵̩䴨󣬹¤Ϊҵһʱڡ
ڳУ㲻ˣܵҪȥͻһֱѹţ帮ĵ̨¤ŵĳԱȻΪˣͥĶˣ˵ȥ
ټ帮һֱѹ¤ŵȷ潫˺ܶܶˣٶ帮Ǻ֮ǣǱҪҪ帮ٵȻ˷ܲѣңҪ帮
ǳ޼Ѿˣû֮ʱôĹˣԽԽڱأΪҲûʲôգսʤҲףѾ궯Ҫٲͷܹ¤žͻֱҪΪ籨ǹ¤ŵҪԱ֮һȨһҲȥ̽һ»ʵ۵˼ҲԣǱ߷ǳȷٽҵ˵ȥǭеòǹܣƾҲܹ帮ǵͷðɣȥɡ
ټ޼ڵͷˣϲ帮֮ޣǾңΪ¡֮󣬹¤ڳΪؼְλ飬帮һֱģʲô帮ֹģǸйأ帮΢顣
ƶٶԣҲһƬã̨ˣû˿Կ죬ʡȨڼǷǳģֵȥʡ˵㡣
Ȼǧû㵽ȨѾԤƣֻ֪ѾڸԤ£ΪֻΪμḺȥ£ҪȾĹˡ
벻ǣ帮ͶȥһնĿľϹҹǳ֣ڰжǡ
ʺڡ
Լ޹Ϣ˽ѯʣ㳵д
һʺΪ
һίѾ帮ȥǭݣĵģѵǵҪ帮أϰô
˭Ҫ帮أ
뿴
ｫһ¸ε˹ȥ
ſ˿ƵⲻѰµѣкβף
»ϸٽְȨ֮㣬ԽɽѲʹȥǭеѲʹɽѲʹᳵʦòΪƲɺϡ⻹ֹٻ뽫ݴʷΪ¤ҵѲʹÿ磬ʦͬš
գϸĿ˿üѽЩͿ©ˡ
£ٵĹƣͨµϣǳ檿ϸֻ¾ɻˡ帮߲ãЩ˾ȲҪ帮նݳıŽ¡á˵سѾóйԱ۷׷ףǱٲֹĻֻֻµˣһʰ
ɫأ˼Σʵ֪ʺкν飿
Ϊֻٵ⣬аҲ⽫󻯡
ۣ溰ʦ빬

ڵڶգʡ´ּ⣬ŪȨ˽ѡڹٵٱΪݴʷ⳱ڹ㶫Ǳȥˣӳȥ㶫ټٵͿǲСˣϾͲܻˣһƽٴƶ˸ȵȥˡ
·̫죬д󳼣ıߵģеǳȡ
˵ˣԼˣϽȥʦѯΪʥּʦġʦװ׵ĸûǱµ
ٵѪ˹ȥòݾѹڼβ
ǣȷǱģǣ帮һ㣬ʲô¶ɹǶţǰ˶ѣһҪģһ棬ҲҲ꣬ϣչһº¡ãǾͽұȥݣҵɻ̸ţôô塣
ٸ޷ܡ
ǳ޼ҲˣҲ̫һ㣬ǰʶǸֱˣôЩ꣬һ¸첲ҪԵĻҲǿαһ˼ҵָˣǹһ㡣
ͬʱҲε˼ǲٷֻҪǾһ˿ġ
Ҳܼ򵥣ʵҪľȨԼƨǰӣʲôա𢣬ΣһʵգҲΪԼƨǰӣʵΪʲô帮ô㣬ʵ۶ܹ̣Ϊ帮ΣȨĻһѣûҲûм屳͸Ӳ˵ûһ帮ˣĿ帮ҰҲûô󣬵㳤޼ɿԣҹ¤ŵ˼ḻʴζǾġ
Ǳߺոոնȼٻ鱾ǳãȰһǾϢʱͻΪ̫Ҳ֪зʲôٿǷǳҪһɫӰ쵽ƵķչֱӸȥ˻ҵŴѯ
֮˿ƻûȫʧأûгļƻ
Ŵһھε˵㵱˵öԣֵĻͲ껹䵽³
նǧȥQĽ֮¸ɺþˣǶΪô˵ΪոĹϵںղδȫΣЩ˻úյĿʾá
ŴȻźգⷽ棬ںҲǺڲѣϧûкҩԡ
̾˿ˣ˵ЩѾûʲôˣΣҲΪʱδҪľǽ֮á
ŴͷΪٵĹϵǷǳģ̸ͬһţҲ±ǣȥ

Ǳ߳޼ҲҪջ棬Ϊ¤ѾҪʱ̡
ؼ޼ɣֻ޼ɷ·˼꣬Ҳûյĵݣ·͸һɰĪζ
һı
޳̾һ¶ȻĿЦⶼϷѽϷʮ࣬ȻûпһеһжʺµһȦףĿľǶԸϷ򡣡


1626 ձɽ
ˣ޼ûп͸еè壬⼸ʮ껹ǻȥˡ
ٵ²Ÿոյȥһ»ֻй£µ˵רųʸʵ۵ģһ˵ʵۿܾ΢Ȼ淴Ӧ죬ҶѸ٣ǺԾġ
˵û㹻֤ݣ֤һжںģǸݳ޼ɾһһı
ϧǣʱŷӦѾΪʱ
ʵҲӦ˹Ļ̫ˣʺʧȥ帮֮󣬲رעǵġ
ûô򵥡
޼ҡҡͷһⰲŵģ֮ݵģôӦǷԵ帮ְ֮Ҳ˵֮˷磬ĻûаսٱȥҲѸ١һжĿ֮УҲΪˣŸҽ帮ĿľϹֻϧϷȲδ͸
̾Ļ̫ξ㿴ˣҲֹˡ
޼һٵʱǼ飬ټҴƲҲֹ֪˵ģͬʱҲ׹̣Ҫ帮һǹ⼤ŭңһֵɣֶοǷǳģıƻ֮У˷ʤͷ˷ĶϷĿ٣֪ҪϷǱȽѵģǾϷߵϷС
ԣĿѾﵽˡյٵĴ˷һ˱µӣټϳн¡ٻصۣ¶Դһǻн䱸֮ġ
޼ɵͷ˵òسʺûȨ⣬»ɱ¾ɼݲˡ
˵оһĨʹ֮ɫ
ܹϻλȫƾȴֵֵزܲñ
յʺĿ̫꣬ξ㣬ֻһʼŻʺزͣġ
޼ü˼ΣΪʺһôߣ
΢һ֮帮ҪΪ̫ξ㳣ŲԶԣȽȶҲֵĻᣬʴˣŲϧ帮ҲҪһˮٵȥѾһˮˣһӦͷһЩҪԸ̫ξϢĻǵ˱ؽĻ̻̣ôܻ˱лὫ̫ξֻ֮ҪˮˣǶԾǷǳġ
ȻٲҪ󳼣ڳеǷʵ帮࣬Ҳǹ¤ڳеһģȻѾ֣ΪոĹϵ޷Ǹ졣ε٣Ҳǲ뽫¤Ÿ⹷ҲǽģһʱһʱʱθոնȨҲǳ£ɲ񾭹ϴƣйԱϵı䶯ûγһǿƵļſƽȨôεȨѾõ˹̣ôҵĽٸˣɼѾپ³޼ǡ
һ㳤޼ҲѾ뵽һ¤ŶᴦڿֻŵУѾʧˣʹ̩ɽǰ治ɫµ˶һܹ侲ԣھŻ󿪣ٳ
ҲżյԭʵΪӦԣ
ռû˼Ѿû·Ψоһս
һ仰Ϊ㳤޼ҪһöӣǾͱս׸˺ΪôĻû¤ȫںϡڣǺжܽģڣյͻ̫Сˣ⻹һСûʮ꣬Ҫ޼ɵʸȥһսҪһȥֻһ˶ܹ档
޼ʵмʤ㣿
յüĬ帮ߣʤ㣬帮һߣֻһɵʤˡ
ǰЩʱ򣬳޼ɾ͸۹⣬ʱջ¶һģĵԴ帮޼ɵǲԸʵۿ⣬ôΨɿ塢գʵʩѹôɿȻǿ帮帮ɵȱ̫ˣֲܰϲôԽŴ帮£ģù¤ǿƻع鳯ãֻôĻֻһ·ߵףûлء
Ļ帮ǵˣǸɵģ޷ģȥʹˮҧһڣʿΪǣⷴһ㣬ｫаĶ帮һϣ帮һߣ뷴֪η
ɼǷǳ΢ģΣʵǻᣬͿôȥã帮ĵ̨էһ᧿ΣƵã˵ĶôΪһ仯帮뿪ﷴΪߣΪ帮е
޼ԱĿһ̾һ壬Ϸķڷ
֪ĺգҲǷǳֲˣһжǲ²⣬˲ģǻһ֪
޼ֿźյѾ׼𣿡
յͷ
޼ɵҲҪһˣ㲻һУ˵
յͷҵȻףһ취ߵġ
޼ɼ·źˣԵͷϷûȥƻһ£ʱϷ֪ͨġ

̸֮󣬳޼ɱ뿪ˡ
վǰų޼ȥıӰֻһоձɽȥ΢΢һҪ֣ͳˣο໹ȵգ̽ңҸһȥǣôʤô˵£ҪӮһʤͱ뽣ƫ棬һǺǣ㳤޼ǳˡ
޼ɳ֣еһ·ͻȻһԵĹܼҼæǰүСһ㣬ڵϹģү㻹ǻȥɡ
޼ȴǰڰ֣ʾϷϷܶùȥ
ǹֻܼ˻͸һ˿֮⡣
޼ɵȥ̽һ£ȥأ
ǡ
ǹ̷ܼУúһǹܼұˣүջȥҤǱߡ
޼ɵͷ㰵аһЩ˶źա
ǹܼһ㶣СʵүŲգ
޼΢΢һ̾ʱ˿̣κ˶ŲҡϷҲδŹ
ǹܼҵȻ˵ĻΪү
޼ɿЦһΪнյĵλΪϷôϷֻǰиһЩ΢İˣԭ򣬻Լб£ñµءϷ򵱳ֻ뽫һߣʱ˭뵽һȻܹڶ̶̼͵࣬Ϸ򶼾Щ˼飬ʵֻҪʧһᣬҲнգץסÿһᣬԲϷѡϷѡ񣬵ıҲǲܵģ浽˱ѡ֮ʱϷҲѡ񡣡


1627 꼰
׻˵úãǰˡʵ˲ĶɣΪһ˵޵ģһջǵˡ
޼ɴʹڵûмˣĹεԸΪκƿأʵ˼Ҳ׳־ģֻصıȽϺðˣʵ£˭ҪΪһ̸һᵹùȻûйƵһ
µ񣬳޼ɿ˵ձɽڳемѾĲˣΪĹؼǣ޼ɶԴʼղȡ̬ܵȣ˵¡á뿪ù¤ųƣôٵ뿪Ѿó޼ɳֳ
Ϳ޼ɻƸۣƴһ
ںտǲ̫ܵģΪʱʱʤѾˣʱƴһͻ졣
ΪĻǿ϶䶨ˣֻ޼ɺôεľ˾ˣǹ󳼣ѫ̸һҪ붯޼ɣɲܸ帮֮֮ȥ˻ǷǳТģÿǺܶ෽档
ɲһԸ⽫˽Ůˣһֱһ£ǾԼ˺ݺݵקҪõľһҪõ
԰ĸڲݵؼĶůʯ̳ɵСϣ̸Ц볤޼ɸ̸ǽȻ෴
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޼ЦϷһֱ½ò֤ݿָ֤Ϸġ
յְǶǣ֤ʲôĶֻΡ
޼ɵͷ˵òְȷǶǣʴϷȫһ˵ҪϷ𣿡
ȻΣʵǽ̸ʱܿβ̸Ҫ̸þҪ֪ûȨ׳޼ɵֻܴͼӴףƲľȨʼջ帮ҲξģֻܰжֽţΪһɣʵơ
ճɰΣҡҡͷҲ
޼ǲ¶һ˿ײЦǾȥɡǷǳ
Ȼѵ̫ξʲô
ϷѾϡҲûжӻˣϷҲͿˡ
޼һ̾ȴһ˿ʣֵϷΨһǵľϷ򣬻Ϸǣ޹ˣв˿ɶҴƵҳʿмԳŴǡϷǴѵڽӣܹסǲǣôҲסǵ
˵ǱĿһ̾еļ鳼̫ˣҪôһҳʿʱʱ̿ڱܼ˵ɱΣҴúɽ


1631 ֮Ĳ
޼ǳй£ɼ޼ҲԤԼĴ޽Ϊ·ϤˣҲû˱ϤҪ֪ôеģȻȴõԼϣҲйѽ
˵Ҳûдѭб
ͬʱҲ͸¶޼ɵľֿȫͿε˼
ܽһ仰Ҫò
ѡõĽӰˣҲĿǰΨһ̵ܹˣйںգҲ֮С
Ǵһʱһʱ޼ôһɢ˭֪ʱᷢʲô
Դһ˿˵̫ξ̸ЩǲǻΪ֮磬ⲻô˵̫ξôҲǹˣ»лأӦþȥء
޼ɵͷ˵òɱȥǱҪĴ㡣
ճɵ÷ȥ㣬ҡҲԱסǰ̫ξָܹһ
޼ɵǵĻȷʵˣԳмˣܹģֻҪϷһƾǳɲģҲ޷вκˡ⣬Щ궼ܵ͵һֱڿҿҵΪЧûйҲпͣҿҲݲǣֻҪҪΪ˵ϷΪ»һġ
иãÿʵģ㲻˵Ҳᱣסǵġհֹһü
޼Цǲǵʺ󣿡
һȷһЩģĿǰʵ޷⣬ҶƣҸ̫ξĹϵ
޼ɵͷԳǶ㣬ʺȻһʼû˵ʲôҲ˵ʲôңʺĸΨϷһˣֻҪϷ£ǣҲûϡ
Եͷɫ̫ξģһ߾ȫġ
޼ɵͷ仰Ϸˡ
ͻȻֵǳ﹫أ
޼һ㶣ԲĿۺա
յ﹫ѧ峵Ż磬¡Ʒнϼѣѵһ˲ţҴʧôһλ֮㣬Ĳҡ
˵Լӣ޼΢΢¶һĨЦݣȷ⵱үүñοҳҵĵҳˣֻȫ⣬ϷľжϣӦòӶ¶ֵģΪϤǣ֪ûҰģҲǽǸӱ㻹ǿԽٻسġ
Ǿ飬ǡǡû⾭飬治̫е޼гȻҲ
޼̾˿ĳգ˵Ϸ㣬δнգһϷ࿴ΪĲǣҪΪƷУûоЩĶ֮£һΪЧΪǣܹ֮Ժ㣬һ㣬ӵܽԲ㣬ͣϷʵο㽫ܹԼԭ򡣡
յ̫ξģһԶıģΪˣҲܻнա
״ٺòˡ޼Цŵͷֵ⣬һ£ҵ㡣
̵̫ξ˵
޼ۣڡ帮֮ޣƲΪǣΨʺ㽫ɵСģɾ࣬ҰġǻۡıԣԼʶֻبҲûĸŮܹ֮ȣв죬ֻ½ҴƵһһСǡ
ɲͿȻЩһֱŲ۾ûϹһµı󣬶ǧ˿ƵĹϵʧܣҲĪĹϵﶼһ˿֮
Ϻ꣬û׼ﰵֹһ䣬ЦǧŵһŮۣ˵ǰԺҲû˿֮ȼ磬Ц̫ξ֮һ㣬Ҳᡣ
Ȼй֮⣬һεĽ̸ô˷̸עǷǳģһֱ֮ʲ̸ꡣ
޼ɴ۴⣬ֹһ䣬ϣ춼ˣյˣȥ
£ұȥҤǱ߿ģѾˣỹǻȥˡ
޼һĨâͷҲãʱڷȽϽȥҤ⣬һֱϷڿţϷѲ⣬Ϸᰲһ£вƣ˽ġ
Ȼˡһϲͷ̾ϢϧʱңûŤתơ
Ϸס޼ԵΪͷ֮棬Ϊźգɴδָܹʲôá

Сݣ޼ɳźϹܼҵվһޣҲˣһȥɡ

ϵƵĳС֡
޼ۣʵô
Ϲ̵ܼʺ̽Ӹٵ˵Ĺߣǵ۾δϹĻӦֺܹա
޼ԣ˵ͷ
ϹܼһүˡС޶ۣС治֪үΪҪô
޼ɲʵúΣ
Ϲܼҵų͵ǻۺ
޼Ц˶𣿡
ϹܼüС˵ȻҲ֪ˣʲôҲ˵
Ͷˡ޼ɵͷϷʶȴʼտ͸գҲΪʲôϷ޷
˵ε̾˿ϷҲûѡΪϷߣΨȥԿʺڵˡȻϷʲô⣬ôֻһ֪һʱѡʺվһǶǽǻԵĴ
ʴˣϷҪúʺĿɳĻ̥ĻΪ˸صĴۡΪʺٴҲһŮˣ֪ܺһǳߣû뵽Ȼƭô꣬ԸǾ˺գӲźաûϷĻԻȥסǣʺǶȥϷĻҲһǣ˺ռϵĸ⽫һӹƽĶԾʤܣǾ˵ˡ
˵һ̾գҲϷ򱰱ɣҪ־͹Լ̫ˣϷҲǱΡ
ϹܼҵǵǺղ֪ԼѾ¶ˣʱʺҪԸԴġ
Ҳûа취¡
޼εҡҡͷֵϷͬϷмһֲĸңȴǳκգʺҪԸգǻþһأǲ׶յģҪգʺȻҲͶ˵ϷԿʺǵģûƭϷ򣬲ҾȫȥסԳǣȻҲǿʺķ֮ģľʱֻҪʺжܲ
ϹܼԵͷֵǺʤˣ
޼ЦǺǵҲѡյһҪԭֻҪϷʸʺԿȻ˵ĻͻܵǹйƣϷȻ͸ǳмǣϷǷǳ˽⣬ǾΪŰġ⣬ĪҪٽı¿ǵūֱϷŷŲ̫ͬʥϵıԺֶΣȴ̫ʥϵֶβֻӢľ磬ҲϷΪǵġ

Ǳߺոոճ֣һӰԡ
һЦݸ˰ɡ
СҰĨĨϵĺֽݸա
սպãСʵô
СҰܱ̫߳ξˣ˲֪˭ˡ
ԣ΢΢һЦϺ֪꣬ûôģֻ˷ԼǰĿġ


1632 ˲帮
ҿǲƳ޼ɵ˰СҰһ
һִļϣһǰȥһ˵ǵȻϺˣʺˣϺǸġ
СҰøԺˣΪʲôҪô
ЦܼѽΪŲңҲ޷ƿңûѡΣڵϦѱµȵҸһУŪٳ棬ȥͶʺɾ͵òʧˣһǰҸʺĿɳģһҲԸŹ¤ŵĴ죬ʺȥ
СҰŴ۾Ȼ㶼֪ΪλҪϵ
ЦʵôҲôġ޼ϺֻҼƻеһöӣöӵѾˣҵѰҵĵڶöӣʺҵõڶöӣҪҵĿ̹ǳޡ˵ҡҡͷܹô˵Ӧô˵µѾֲ˭ӣ˭֡
СҰֻͷԽԽͿˡ
պǺǵֻҪס˲帮̫ΪǶôĲһʼձ˲ٿţǸ󣬻ƶһҪԼ


㡪˵ʲô
Ԭ褲ŵĿǰվŵĺˡ
Ǻ˵ǧȷһֱų޼ȥС֣ۿմ߳
ⲻܣ
Ԭһ־סǺ˵ǰ󣬡㵱濴Ǻգ
Ǻ˵ͷǧȷʱȻѾȽˣǸСҰҲڣǲܿġ
ܣⲻܣ
ԬҡԴʱ亹죬
ǡ
ȱ˵Ⱦһ
Ԭֹ̧ǺˣŬԼ侲⾲ϸһ룬Ȼ־ãƺһϢǸտɲһ·ģͿղˬˣֻ⣬ʴ߲žˮˮˣ鲻תַԸǺ˵й¶ȥҪͷء
С֪
Ԭ褰ٺЩˣ̻·ææȥˡ

κ˸
ˣ
ˣ
˭ѽ
ˣة˵Ҫ
ϴӴ˿ɫʵʲôʱ
Ѿ˳ʱ
Ԭ褣˰帮Ƚ϶¡
һ߱ԹţһߴӴһˣ˯Ҫǳߣһõʱſ𴲡
Ԭ褼ˡ
Ԭǰһ
ˣˡϰڰ֣ʲôҪ£
ԬĴˣСˣȥų޼ɵ̽Ӹոջǳ޼͵͵ǣȥ⣬һ˻档
öʱ˯ȫޣ޼ʱţп϶ıģԳ޼ɣɲҵģ֪˵ݣ
Ԭ褵ա
£ûзӦẫ
Ԭ褼˱Ǻա
˵ʲôþһ㶰Σ漴ѹ˵޼ɴҹȥռ棬ǲǿأ
Ԭ褵ʲҲģǸ̽ۿգǸСҰСҲڡ
⡪⾿ô£
ֻ󣬵һ亹
ԬС⺫ǲ볤޼ɹˡ
⡪ôܣ
ˣȻûʲô
Ԭ褵˵ĻΪʲôôܵ棬ؼʱ̣жвɸ˵ܡ
գգۣȫ⣬ʵ¿ɴС˵濴أʼջǲ̫š
Ԭ褵ҵȻ֪ȷ֮󣬲ġ
⡪⡪
˺ðΣȱκ˵ҵȻ빬ʺ֮мǣ˹ܺԼ죬ĪҪ˴¡
Ԭͷ˷ģѾǸϢ͸ȥġ
˱ã˱á
Ԭߺﻹ˯⣬ٸУɺϸϵʱγͣȥţֻܶŶһԵȴֱ뿪֮ȥͨ
ôأ
ϴˣ˵һӣеǳ档
Ŀһɨ
ʹźĹŮ
ȵȫȥ֮ϲǰСŮˡ
ɫһʲôأ
һؼʱ̰
̽޼ܻẫһ¸֪
֮ɫϢȫûԤϵ·һƹһӶ
ŮŮ
ϼһģеǣС
͵һ˵ĳ޼ܻẫգ
ϵͷԬ褵˵ۼ˺գǸܵСҰʱԬӦò˵ģӦòдġ
ܣƲܡ
Լûбҵɡ
ϵҲġ
޼ձɽϣɵҲѡѽղʱѡ޼ɡ
ͻȻһǡ
æô
Ǻձǳ޼ɵˡ
ϸ˼ֻ֣飬һ·նҲδйָо
ʵֲ̫ˡ
˵ҲͷƤ顣
һĨɱ޵ҧгݵ˵ĻҾƲ
һֱǳκգƽʱȽغգ˲ŶԴԴ帮ȫ̬ͬȣ˵һ·Яֲ֪ѽټǰ˳ıѣĴǷǳġ
üǳ޼ɵˣôܻܿƻǵļƻǵΪǿһ򾡡
Ͼܿ侲΢һҡͷɣĿǰֻǵĲ²ˣҲûκ֤ݿ֤йᡣ˵˵ֻǳ޼ɵ֮ƣڶһ١⻰һڴζɼʹˣںջģΪմδκζԲ£һֱڰ
ϵʵأǺռпܻƻǵļƻ
ЦһܹƻĻǼƻҲԳɹңñΣǽܻṦһҪȫԸ޼ɣΪκ¶ģȥԬ褣ⶼǳ޼ɵ֮ƣҪţ¸ڶ棬һܳҴ£ҾĲǵġ
ϵǾͲܺأ
ҡҡͷʱȲҪܣԼҪߣֻѰ·⣬ǻԽ̽գǾڴʲô⣬ֻһᣬǵҲˣǺոҴţһùġ
ˣϸһ룬⺫ձȳ޼ɸӲöԸΪĿǰûʵ۵أΣֱиɻġ
ʱվڵԷڣ̿ʽʡExposureϣһͼһXЦʱһǳһ᲻ţģôܻȱְҵµ£ҼȻĺôȻỵĺ£㾡ȥԸɣѾûκüֵڴʲôԸңҲ㣬ʵⲻҪԽΪö޴İ취㶼һóѵġ


1633 ǡô
뿪֮һڣ
ձڶԣǿǷǳĴ˳ıѣҪǣ˳ôҲĽ㣬̫˽ˣ㲻Ķ֣ʴʱ˳͵飬в󣬵ǺյĻɱѶԸˣؼ£ûȥ˼ȥպûԲ£һæ
ҴӾϷԸվһҪһЩʱѡͶ޼ɣԲǵѡ񣬸οձκ˶Ҫ˽е
йᣬ϶Źϵġ
ҡҡͷƵǺʱϵģǺʱйأ
԰գͻȻĿһѵѵǡΪ޼ҵ¡
ˣüϸĹһ麫ճʱ£üһʱһʱ򡣡ֽճϸһ飬˼ѹֺܹƽƣһ˳Ϊκ£谭֮٣ԭ޼һֱڰаټҵ֧֣ϾͿԭˣԭˣ
˵ţվмŭԭԼһֱڱã޷̵ģҪ˵ðɣʲôأ
ȥƵҶԸ޼ǵʱ򣬺һֱڰңҷ˲Сãǳ޼ɵˣΪʲôҪôľİңӦôƻǣ˵ͨѽ⣬׼˴ΣأǾʲôأ
©ﲻҲеǳա
ԭʤȯգôһһжеʮֵĲ

֮ƣ
Ԭһ㵵Ŀϡ
ϵͷ˳޼ɵ֮ƣĿľϣǷġ
Ԭü˼ţⲻ̫֮ѽƾʲôúôȥܻᣬ϶ıġ
ɫ죬ֵʺѾ˵ˣȫнһ²Ҫȥġ⣬²Ҫκ˵ڶ档
Ԭһæͷǡ
еĵλǲضõģΪڼƺ׼帮ȻԸΪ


ӭһ߷ڣ̯ǰǾˣֻ̯λϰһ̳̳⣬һȣһƷĿţðȹ
ԭյһ⡢Ѿ͵
Ϊһжˮ߻Ҿûһʵ⣬Ʒ㱣ͣټǰʱ󹤳̣·ͨʴɱ˲١
⣬Ϊ⼸ûս£Ҷȫԭϵҵõ˼ķչӲ١ɱͣ࣬ô۸ȻҲȽϵ͡۵Ͳ˵۵ͣΪ滹ε󣬵ͲҪ̫ļӹҪ֪͵üɱѾǺܵˣﶼһЩǮʴ˲ⷬ
ҲŴҲӲ졣
ȥһ࣬ƺǲҪϣֻ»Ҫ⡣Ŵ󿴵ǰľ󣬲еЩȣֹʲôʱ򳤰İôǮˡ
ЦŽ곤ΪԱȣܹΪʲôⷬˡʵףԻ׻·ƷԼߣϱȥ꣬࣬Щǰģʴٶ⣬Ҳܹ£ԭϵİѾҪԼЩƷֻҪȫչҵˣԭƷˣμûܵӰ죿
ŴЦֻ΢һ㣬¹ȻȻΣһֱ͢򣬶Ҫô׼һЩȱεĵҪôȫ⣬ûжΣǹеص˲٣Ϊгĳ֣úܸߣܵ˵Ԥеһ㣬
Ǿͺãյͷɼݵóǳ
Ŵ̵˵ˣǰ͸ùԱ̸ݿǷǳ٣ﲻгõ궼˰ʮңССҲʮңݳڵ˿һݵ˰տ϶õߡ
·ͨˣսͣˣͨҪ壬߲ԭϱߵ¹Ȼ룬ߣⲻܷô
𣿡յͷЦݴʷûϽҵдһ£ݵ֪£ʱҪЩϢ

˵ûʱڳеķ׷ţкƣʴ˵յյʱ൱ģټա
ǵڡ

ηǳĵĳźտ޵ڣӰ
˸ĶһЩ˵£ֻкղϸϢȻҲͶұںǲҲԽغա
л¿佱
һֵʵֻǶѣµԴʷҵҵϸִ˳͢нݵķ١
εͷ˵òԳҲ֪ģ޻н͵ģҲáǱߺ뻯Ҳˣ˵Ϊ㵱Ϊƶߣ¹Ȼܿս˳¹Ȼİնķǳá
˷ܵ¹Ȼ뷱٣ΪҴƷֵһЩެǱѹ˴һⶼǱ¸೤ֻǽ
ΪӣǾͱҪʥﵱľ
Сӣ
ЦָָգȻӡ䡱ΪСӡҲɼǽյԼˣֻԼˣ˵㣬ҲǷǳġȻף¹ȻͰŴƣưΧţϻֱެһ˶ڴȫ߱в¹ȻԽãԽ٣ֻެγѹҲΪʲôԸȫ֧¹Ȼ룬Ҫެзš
ҲǴƶެһߣԶȥ滮߾һںˬΪެȷʵûʲô̫棬ԭҸԭսշǳҪķѺܴѵİ취ǽȻѣ߱ԭвˡ
ֵ£ʵݵķҴƵƻһǳõĿ϶ݻͳƣÿĻǳɱӣƷҲս࣬ס񣬶ԭ죬ⲻں˼İҲڰԭв
ǵİϰԭƷ֮һսóֹͣǽֻʣţûסʴ˳Ϊ͢ӦüӴóףƷó׽ק
Ϊʱǻֻǳԣ˵оУʵ˵ѾֳЧǺյȻὨμӴȡ
εͷú˵÷ǳе֮ūûˣͻˡֶ̫ʩȻЧƿȱȽСǷңǶʩó֮ͱȽʵʻʵʵڵĶԵ·ˣֻģûʲôʵʵ棬޷ס˵ò¾ͽȥɡ
΢
ξôһ仰֮⣬£ҷģҪƻʲôɼǷǳκա
ͬʱҲʾڵ˼ѶȣΪصıòȶҲ³䣬һһҪŪ޼ɣҪսپ㱻ƻҲи
ɾͿнĥĲΡ
УУ
нʵֲ֧ȥɿˡ
Ԭ褴ϲˣʣнˣϽǰʵ˵ʦǲǳ޼ɡ
нѹû޼ɣԬ褿ھ᳤޼ɣ˼ǳԣн޼
нȷſңȿˮ
Ԭ褸ϽɿֻҪУ˵ˮˣӶ⣬Ҳû¶ˡ
нɿֱ֮ľϣڴɼĥжңͻȻƤһ̧Ԭ褣תһͷǽײȥ
һ졣
ʱײͷѪ


1634 ֮
ʦصнǳ壬С˼Ѭգʦ縸ѽҧأǲԸԼʦѾˣ˼ҲûдҪʦ̫һСɫ˭ԸΪģͼҪȥԸ޼ɣнΪ¤ŵĳԱ죬ⳤ޼УȻŲһĵλԼʦԸӱ˵ȥ˵ѳԼǳصĳǼ
Ѿ´£Ԭ࣬þֶΣĥʵ޷ܣʴֻһѰ
ֻײǽѰҲҪģѾĥľѰûˣһײȻûײָȻ˹ⲻҲˡ
Ԭ褵ʱųһ亹ּнѰҲԸ޼ɣ֪ҪнڣǷǳѵģǸϽȥڻ㱨
ʲô
ŴϢŵҲǻȻվнǷǳҪ֤ˣæʵΣ
ԬĨźǾ˻ǿΣ޼Ǻѵġ
óü
һԵ¼˾ˣɲôȥˣ䰡
ʣнйΪһ˶ȥ
ھҲԣʵ˵õΣ
¼תǽһ죬̵˾ˣнΪҪɱ
һ㶣ɻĿ¼Ϊɱѵôң
¼ֵΪηɱ̹²ɶԣΪβйǵȥѰɼ˰ͬѰ֮Ǽı¶ʴ˲ѡɱ˾˵øϽϱ£˵нηɱٽе֤ݳϣ״ǹ᳤޼ͼı
üͷ𣿡
¼вУҲԿҾǲȥսپ
˵ͲôҲţԸ޼ˣϸһأþˡ
ȨΣҲ׹ɱɱ޼ɣջε˼ܵȥ̽һε˼ǽһᣬУ֤̽һ£ձ빬ʥ
֤ݣڶգڱ빬ʥ
μȻҲ֪Ϊʲô¶ǵһΣ
£нһѾһЩüĿˡڹֵδ˵ǽ˵һЩüĿɼǸԼأϾǵˣһβ˼ͻлأΪ֮ûаյʱ򣬾˵ģɣ̫ˣһ仰θƵǽȥˣ߶²̨Ǵþ档
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ڼͻȻմŭҲһЩǲĵƨȥˣϲòͽеˣͻ粻Ӵ˰һί֤ݿ֤һ㡣˵ͳһõ֤
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һɫб䣬ûôˣֵ£˵ȴ£ɲԣѾȫйнı¶ηɱѾȻԲѡ
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ҲɵҪͷҲתҲܿ죬б
˵Щֻǲ֮̽⣬ֻóе֤빩ʣӲ֤Ȩǳ޼ɣʵԼЩ飬޼ǵˣ̸һλһƷ̫ξһӲ˵ˣʵýŶܹ뵽ôܻЩƷԱᣬҪᣬǿ϶Ҳȥ棬޼ǲܳģ໥Ҫ˵Τ˼ǫʽǿ϶ЦȥµһŰ
εĻشȴǷǳֵζȣ˵޼ܵС䣬иңпܵġȷʵпܵģ֮䱾иңҪȥ䣬ǽ»Ϊһ̸ȫͲһˣҲ˵ûжԳ޼нĹɣɵֻǻ᲻ı⣬鹴ᣬıı
֮ⳤ޼ɿ϶ǵˣֻصĹϵ
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ͲüĿǶۣش󣬹ϵҰΣɽ𢣬㲻ܸ¡
ȻĿ̾һǼŲѽЩ֮˾־뷿Űͼı޵׾˾ˣʵĻ°գָδ֮˵棬
ΪģΪ˾Ҫ֮һ㽫ʾ˿϶䡣
˵ˣȫȻε˼ϢʲôǸ뷿Űıû˵£ȴˣɣһδ֮ⲻǰʾոͷŰһȥ˰׻˵úãǰ²֮ʦ
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֮⣬ͻüش
ԥΣ˵úܶԣ¹شӦشȥ󿴣һҪ²


1635 һֻϺ
һ仰һˮڴͷ൹ţеһܴ𣬸ֻʣ»ˣ
ǻɲشҪشȴش
룬ԼĻǲǽθŵˡЩˣͷһЩᣬˣݡ¡
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㶣ɼ۶ˣҲֻˡ
һ·˼룬ǲıԼĻŵˣΪʱ޼ɻкܴķաΪһʼʾ˫лأɼǲ¶ε˼βȴôһ仰
ţڣԼôһ
ص¼Ԭ褡ïȺ򣬴ʱ˿̣˭칫
Ǽڻǰѯʡ
ڱ㽫εĶԻǡ
ǿһϵ죬¹ش󣬴ҵȻһ
˭׼һ仰ʵĥ
¼ӦƫǵģǲǱҲдǣôʱѵʱ
̾Ҫ־͹Ϸôһ졣
ïеǡ񾿾ô죿ϲϣ²µĺܡ
Ԭ褵Ҫȥʻʺ󣿡
ΪؼʱǶһЩ飬жϡ
ΪҪǿ۶ˣǾǣһȫǣҲǺģڣҪǣǾͲ֪ΰء
֮󣬾⣬ˣ˽εˡ
Ԭ褾ȥϣЩ¸ϡϵ֪֮빬ȥ
һһĨϲɫ漴ŭ䲻ڣ˽ҪͷȻˣд
ϺŮ֪˻֮⣿
Ц޼ŰһʱֻǸǷıΪ⻰ԼҲ˵ôŰһδɵСޣҲֻһŮˣʲôıšͬԣ޼Ҫıֻнᣬ˵ĻҲҪн޼ԼҲı˵ֻ˾úЦ
׹Ů˵⽫˰󣿡
ͷȾͰʾڣⷿŰһģ޼ɽŰһı̱֮㽫һ˽Щ˲֮󣬷Ű͸ž߱ı˰ŰһҪ򵥵ö࣬ϾֳɵڣҪȥԽ롣
ȫȻ׹ֳɵȻ¡á]ЩȥصԪϡֹǰ黢ѽƽʱ˾˾˾˺Ǳ˭𣬿һǾҪһ򾡣նݳ󻼡
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һԳĬȻŮֻ֪ΨһĽ֡˵ţͻȻʲôƵãڸʲô
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԰򳡡
칫ѵ÷磬øϽ˶
ʱһϣĺա
СӽйϷ򣿡
ӳһ֮Դһ˿ɻʵ
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յ˾ǫˣ԰ЧǲǮɲٰΪһˣǮȻÿһ㡣˵ţһЦ
ĿһɣһĲţָ˲˵Ҫ˵ףʹȥˡ
бҪôôڨڨһЦðɣҾʵʵ˵ʲô˾ӦҲ˽⣬Щ˿ģ춼ңЩеûģͷۡΪҸ˾յ뷨һģ˾һԼıøһЩ
֮⣬ģҲѽӦվһ鰡
һԭСڴѽ㻹㲻ӮȦ˻չһЩӬǿǺáΪЦЦϷЩۣϷ˷ˣվʹɡ
Ϸ͵˵ġ
վȵһ̲Ÿոտʼ
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յģովķչһϸͳƣҿҲӦòˣ˾Ҫ֣ǰ֪һɡ
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յͷ˾գҾ͵͵㣬Ѿڽϴģʳ㣬һЩƷѾڹʣҪһЩͬʱҪԭϣʱΪһӦġ
˰뱲սսΪͷ۵ľǹ⣬ϰϣֵ̣˰ֵˣ񵹺ãջҪһָ̣о̫ˡȻüơ
æ˾գҿɲϴǻ˵úãǰ˵ƻһǰᣬҪӮͼҪǴ˵ĻɾˣҲûЩ˽ʹؿԺƹȥ¿ͷѣ»ؿ϶ңңڣ˾ؿǣóȻսң˵ǰ֪ͨһ֪ͨңҲҪ깤򡣡
ͷģһ̣Ϸڱصá
һ̻Ǵˣ㺫ܹճǮӵҲûˣټһССһ߾ζû˵ȥҲû
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˵ʵҲʲôṦΰֻǰ漸ζûɣͱ÷ͬѰ
ô˵նԣõһգΪû˺֮ǣѵõ˱֤ǷǳҪģ˵Ҫ򣬽Ĺ˵˲ƣɾûŪˡ


һֻϺ꣬һֻϺꡭ
վԼļƻǰ棬һ߻ĳţһֻ߽Xĺһֻϣ΢΢ܵô˻Ӱï֣һҪٻϼ꣬ôľİ㣬㲻֮󣬾ƨˣɲôġ
˵ţüͷһ壬ǱôûжʲôɡҪϵ㣬㶼ˣǽɾûˣôǻؼȥˡ


1636 ƽȮ
ջվ˵ۣ˼ҶԸĿǳ޼ɣȻش˭Ҳ뵽һţһ񡣵ǺԼһֱѡܿЩǸտʼڰڼ䣬ҲǶں⣬ڳģһֱڡ帮ˣͲ¡
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ߣڳ޼ɶ棬̵̫ξΪˣ벻ȴ治˸еȰ
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һʱ̫ξֻʣһƬǽ壬ÿʮ
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λֵЩȫλչˣΪλһ񡣡˵ţһ
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޼ɵȻѾĹˣ׼˵׼Ͼ䣬ֵýţ浽һ̣ԵǷǳЩȨʲô¶ûУһֱھ﹤ÿ춼ǹҹе϶ã׼ƽһΡǳӵԸ񣬷˼룬¶ҪϽһ˿ɱҹɱңҵȽ¸ˣɷɲ˿ƫġ


1637 δѱ
һ֣𾪳
Ϊ֮ǰڵ˰ʱǶ飬û͸¶κηҲûʲôϻǵһ׮ͨ󵳰ҲֻǶ˰е棬ֻô˲һЩʲô󲿷˶û뵽ôһֱӽ޼ԪҲǣ
ֱ˽̫ξƺЩϢ½½
֮ʧɫ
Աʿ֮Ȼ
ʱ䣬۷׷ף
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˵úã

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ƽԴһ˿ϲĿŰڴ
Ǻǵҵ״ұö࣬ڴһ࣬⼸ͻȻþ񲻴ֻǻعⷵգʱ޶ˡ
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ƽ䣬ۿЩʪ󣬵ֳˣֳһֱΪ޼޵δΪ޼ʲôף޵ڡ
̾ܰҲôˣȵ֮ɵöһ㣬Ҫ뿪ˣ⺢ʴӱǰ;ؽ޿
ɾ㵱ΣƽٰԿ̾һȴֳģҵĺӣ֮ˡ
ڰ￴ţҾͷˡ
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׼°ؼңһͻȻ˹浣ǵ飬δ˵岻ҪҪȥ
⻧ķΧǳãΪո˵Ĺϵܻһҵĸоڼ䶼Ĺ̫ʴ»ΪŴǲˡ
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յͷЦǣҪͷôܻģСնڻæһգɾûˡ
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ʴΪ뿪ֻһµĿʼǽֻǲҲһĻˣԴ˻ǳϣ


1639 ֮
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ڳ֮εҡҡͷֹͷ潫޵Ϲˡ
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1640 ð˸
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յκ̫ӵˣΪ̫ӳıߣѹȵۣҪȵءȻȵȴһ棬Ϊȵ۵һ棬֮ʢȻ˼˵ʢκһ˵Ĺͣǵʱ˴пȵʣΨǾ٣ͼεľģʴв֮ʿԸͶȵۣҲΪʱ˲żüãڶ̶̶ʮأһǧٿ׵Ĺңľ̩񰲣ĺƽ
γĬƬ̣ʵ˼Ҳһ棿
յֻǾãҷչѸ٣ϣͼǿ˸񣬵ͬʱҲҪ˲ŵʱЩĹԱΪǼǳ͢ǻ๤ȥǣʧˣһʱᣬǺҵʵѡȥġ
ҴһںϺ͸ٷչʱڣȥ˲ȥɳһڳ˴ֻ»ɷǳӵĺɼ˲ι֮ڣǧ׵ãһ󣬱ºβЩᣬڵĹԱһ档ΪһκһмµĶ£ŬıЧ׷£ͬʱҲ˲УΪЧһبδеʢ
󣬳Ĭһͷ˵úе޻ؿǵġ
չֵʥ
ǰֳƪۣĻǳ٣Ϊ£ܶ࣬˾ͻεķУ˼ѾķǳȷǰʾΣ㲻ƫȫһУЩطϵԱǿǹҵδһ˺ܴľȥǣڸٷչ˲űѷ㲻Ϊ޼һˣͽЩ˶ɱˣǵʱ˭ң˲ŵĶϲǷǳصġ
ܽһɣҵķչ
Ϊڴ˰Уһֱڴ£ΣңӹҷչĽǶȥȰ˵Ǿͷһ磬Υ͸У֮ҲܣҹĵֻǹҷչѣڴѾ谭ҷչҵվ˵䡣Ҳǳ׳־ģų߳ʱεʱҷչУǷǳҪġΪѾЩԪϣû˿԰ˣҷչͣˣǲװٺãʲôʺӶͷϡ
ȻȻǲ˼ε棬ΪһδϴԵԪϣЩΪĹԱЩСɫҲΣʵ۵ġ
ȵ뿪ֽ֮ڵǷ˳Щ˼һʱͻȻָͿĨ
һ磬ζǵڡ
ֱʱ֣Žʷ£Ȼݸŵʤʡ

ŵʤӹֵ£Ѿŵʱˡ
䣬˵˵Ѿʧְˡ
ֻŮһЩ˽
ŵʤæС˸
Цˣˣⲻ㣬ȥɡ
С
ŵʤмĿһۣȻϽ
û£ġ
ЦЦתƻʺûûеĻһŰɡ
һЦùŮ˷£ЩŮ֮ʵ£æʲôǵóԡ
ҡͷһ̾ǹھ˾ıһ˵ˣԷ
һĨɫȻͷģ빬һ̣ѾյϢյĶΪעģʴ˺ߺһֱΣ˰ҲδλʵǰͲסǵ̽һǰںյ£һ㶼˵ȴǣܲ죬￪ʼˣ⺫վʲôҩ

Ǳʡʣһ˾ŵʤҲֻܽǹƶȣگʡݡ
õһвͿĨĺۼдϲ˵گ
Ϊֱʴ˷ǳһƺļ󣬿ɲܳɡ
Ҳֻһگþʡˣջǵùһء
õһ˶ϣڵľʡô£ôôôˡ
ٵһҸڸ棬ֻ˵Լ£֪˭û˭ͿĨķǳʵǱ˭
ҲӦѽֲһˡ׼ȥʣеһ룬Ѱ˼ǲǷ֪飬̫ˡ˼룬ûǵһʺûʡˣͨȥתġ
Ǻ͵͵ҵ
ʺǰݸµϣдԳмһ˵ȣʡݵگ棬ЩȴˣҷѾʹ˵¸Щˣǲǳʲô⣿ڷǳ˵
һӦǴ¶ںйأǳصЩˣ˵
ڶǵΪ⾫Ĳ߻ģ̽˵Щ
ЩԺΪ˵ˣŵ֮⣬߼ǻŴ󣬵ǺձŴܹ⣬ݴʷԳмʣµãһЩСɫܵģҪڽ͸֪Щʲôˣйؼһû٣ǰ˾жû١
޼뺫չᣬΪ˱Щˣ
Ŀĺڣ
˼⣬˼Σȥʱ£˵ҲǿЩ˶һЩССϺΪǡ


1641 ϴ
һֱŵĺͻȻð˸ݣʴٴУһֱڵźճ֣ºգֻǲ֣ܣȴû뵽ֻôһ΢£еǳ죬ôؼܻᣬΪ£
ⲻ֪ϣʵ޼뺫ȷʵҲûʲôıʵ˫֪ǵĹϵ
ƾٴҲ뵽һ㣬޼˶ûϵ
Ǳڵõ֧֣ȥΡ
£ϳżʡݵگв⣬ǲǳʲô⣿
һ˵
ȴʲô⣿
ڵݴʷԳǳڹ볤ҵĹϵǳܣƿͨҪ壬֪ܲ޼뺫¡ùһ£Ϊû
εҪ˵ܵĻԳл볤ҵĹϵܣ⣬Գ⼸ȻҶĿãн֮Գǹû뻯мӣǰЩӻȥûȷе֤֤ԳУʹдΪҲٸһᣬ
̵£ɲУԳ볤޼ɵĹϵǳܣ޼ɱᣬһصأǷǳΣյġ
ηƵĪҪֵǣԳܹ治֮¾ôɡ
Ц˵ãǳ
ΪⱾһ׮ԩҪ˭̫ˣбóȷʵ֤ݳһ仰ܹڸ»ȥ
һ̬ôҲٶ˵ʲôֻĬ£ܸν档
ʵڴ濼ǵǷǳ꣬ǴԼȥǵģֻһԭѡȨҲҪҲҪôϴһҪٲʢι棬ΪصľǺգΪ˭ûʲôιʴˣ¬졢ʦΤ˼ǫʵѧˣ֮Ҳ֪šУΪĵĴ󳼰Ѿγ˹ģɴ˿ɼǻܱ߻кܶ˲ŵġ
ǵ֮ˣܹþӣҲܹСˣýǲһܴﵽƽ⡣
ңֻҪЩԪϴ󳼶ȥ¤žѾˣԳЩˣǾ޷ΣȨģΪҲֻǱסһС˶ѣЩɢɢģɲ򣬲ΪǣҪ춯ʱҪǵЩ˶Щһ
Ϊ˰ڵĳֻǱЩҪҲǺڡԬЩˣȥģҲܷġ
ɼκ˶һ֣Ϊ˹¤ţô᲻͵ķǳҲ÷һ㣬Ҳ߹ԱһԭҪȨɢЩ󳼣Ǽĳһɡ
ȻҲǺԳôһˣôܺԳֻûȫͶɹⲻȫӰ֣ȻʵôڵȻɵͱˡ
ʡͨһδģϴ㿪ʼˡ
Ϊնһٵ˺٣Ϊļƻǽ¤ŵĺ֮㣬ȫɵȥĿҲҪһգȽ˲Ŷɢˣһ򾡣ںЩС֥٣ĿڳС
ںնԣϴûʲôϵڳûʲôǻԺСطõ˶ҲһЩСҲΪʲôôܹ⣬Ϊûɶ鷳ҵõ
ҹ¤ڲѾǸ಻ڶҲǷǳʴһδϴںնһ£ڲЩˣõʱúȣ֮ھڶ࣬˻˲޼죬Ϊ̫ûˣյȻصޡ
ʴ˺ʹסһЩˣһεϴģǿǰģǰȻйأǶǾԵģǸ󳼣һشģģûйϵֻҪ޼ɹϵУǷڵģ͵ñᡣ
һĹԱɱ־̱ᣬ¤ŻǱϴһգΤᡢѦĴ嶼û⡣
ȻĴܴк֧ܶܶôˣҲڶҡǵĸֻһ̶ڳеѡ
ЩԱ뿪֮󣬳оͿճλӣҪģƵǷǳȾѾ帮һһԴһߣЩ˾̲ȥЩ帮ģȴΪǲܹԾţȻȻͳΪˡ
ʴˣͥõ
ͬʱЩ˶ԱЩճĹְǱ¢ϵģΪϮ񣬶񶼱ռ죬Ӷʹ˹ŷͳθ֣һȫµθѾȻˣǹŽ׼
ڻʵ۶ԣȻθ֣ΪһӹԱʵ۵ľʮǧȨõ˼ʵ۸߸ϣҲֻӡ
ͬʱ˵ĵλҲõһҲһģǰ˵ľ̫ԶԱôԱľһ㡣
⣬λһǳر£׷ڡ㡵ľأΪ롣Ϊ㡱ʱѾΪˣϿ㡵Ļݡʵҵļ䣬ǿ޼ǰ͸˲ȱ£Ǻܿ췴ġ
ȻֻǳƽΪʱҲˣҲȫԼΪ㡵ûеõƽĿҲҪһ³޼ɡˣðնͬ޼ɲһˣҲǻġ
ôһ
ҲֻһٵˣϽԸ
Щܹһ٣ɲΪɱӣñŴ
ڼɪɪüյŴ󣬽ڳڻ
ϰˣҾûмôŵɣ˵̯Ӿ̯ӡռŴЦ
ŴڨڨһЦ漴ǰһ񣬸мл֮
Ȼ֪зʲôǣйϵˣӹһ٣ûбǣܲô
ʲô֮շǳҶ췢ģûа˵仰ԼԼ
Ŵ󲻽һ㶡
յ⼸һֱڿҿҵΪЧûиһڳи˼Ҷȥûбǣȥԭ򣬷Ļ뱣㣬Ҳ㡣ʵΪӣԼ֮¾ͿˣҪȥȨûĸʵϲĳӣֻҪһΪǣΪǿõġ
Ŵæͷǣⷬ룬ĳһġ
ˣҲ֪ҿѡջ죬ȻĻæڹ񣬿϶Ҳһ飬ȥ帮ǶĻһ١
ЦӦ֪ô˰ɣ
Ŵ㶣Ŀźա
յȻǸϽѽЩ㲻ڣæ۶ϲϣˣҵϢһ£˳Ҳһֱ֣ڴǰ֤ܹڻԭġ
ǣŴЦֱͷ


1642 δ֮
󹬡
ǳ䶨ˡ
ǳóһһڼҲæùǺΪͥ͢Ŧָȥġ
һȲ裬豭£Ƶ¿ɻ㳾䶨ǳ޼ɲô
һǱƺûɱ޼ɵ˼
Ц֮ǰǸ˵ôµȻɱ޼ɡ
Ȼæˣ˵а취ģ֪Ǻΰ취
ۣʿɱ衣
ϳʿɱ裿
ͷг޼ɡˣɻǷǳģͲСˣ˼ˣʴǾΪ༸꣬ѡ͵ֻҪȥһǾƻ˶ϵģⲻҪκ˶֡
֮⣬ҪЩԪϻ֪βּɱ˾ˣڻʵ۵źܴӰ죬ʵ۲ּûɱֻȥǡɼѽ˳˵ʿɱ裬һŮˣŲʲôɱģУ˳߲þһֶﵽԼĿġ
Щɣ𣿿ּгҲˡͻȻʲôƵãŶˣŮϵûûԬ˵Ϊһ£ݺѵһ٣˵Ϊڽڣǵñ·ǳˣԳһ˵ȡ
üһ壬Գһ£Ϊǵպȥҹ顣
Ͼȵ𣿡
ͷǵˣ±δʡʥּ
ϵ벻ڱеĵλ֮ߡ
֪ˡ
̾һֻմ˾ٵǺ⣬Ůһֱδס
ϵѽվͱôˣкãڳ޼Ҳûκΰѽ
ͷ֪ܻ޼ɣֻҲԴ˲Ϊ⡣
üǲ˺գ
ҡҡͷҲôģϸǹ󣬾ô¾ô򵥡̫˽⺫յֶˣÿ¿ȥ΢Сһӣ䱳Զ壬һйϵҲôҵʺģʴ˴ӰԽСǷӦӡ
һ·һֱңһȵ޻̸ĵزںܶ෽涼ϬһͨҲΪʲôǳϲΪ˺ܶ뷨ǳƣĬʮ㣬ͬʱ˫ǳ˽˴ˡ
˼ЩˣҲ˵ˣһЩԱ£ܹͣģʵȨҲһˣЩ˲һЩСɫɲ򡣡
£
Ȼüͷһֱظĸ֡
Ϻôأ
ȻĿһˣˡ
һĿ
һֱĿں볤޼ϣʴ˲һֱ͸ʵǵĿĸͲҪס޼ɣҪ޼ɡ
Ͼȵ޼ɣ
ͷ޼ŲֲĸңԳ޼ΪǶĻһƫǵģҲûѡ񡣵Ǻڱеĵλǳߣ֮ûκθңʴԺΪĵĻ¾Ͳ׵ƫκһġ
ƣᣬʴһЩвŸɵĹԱЩԱȷʵΪǣʮ֮ЩԱֻСɫ治˵ǽűһɳģµǣʮ֮󣬺ն֮꣬һ˵۷ʱڣǿ¶ʮ֮ģһģı̫Ƕ˵Ըˡ
޼ı㣬ȴǽƫ棬ƻͬʱҪء
ˣͷ΢΢һЩϸ˼֣ԽԽ¡
ʵ̫ˣŶʮ꣬һͷĶ
ֻ쬵ģʮ꣬һõʱȥæʵǡô죿
ۣΨһð취ǲҪϵʮ֮δΣƻҪܳһʱյģһ֮ǰˣĻ롣
ǿʱ򣬱˵󹬣ͥУ֮⣬Ķ֣ǻڵµģʱ˿̺ȻǺǻδģµĻ̫ˣһƿٳűģô˫ȡʤĹؼʵʱ䣬δ֮ʴ￴ڲգֻԽԽѣ޼ɵʮ࣬һȨ㳯Ұȫпܳ޼ɣ֪
ϵñ³ţȺֲκһ쵽æڹҪֻǷǳѵġ
ͷ淺ɫ̫˽⺫յΪˣһЩȻȥЩ˼ʵǲΪӪֻǿȥ˶ѣϸһ룬ѡʱǷǳģ˼ȥһʱҲδͷ
ϵҪһ£һѡ
ɡ
¿ǷǳһµģͬʱҲϵ°գ𢣬Ūûǳ鷳ģñºͰ֪иֻʯͷԼĽţңҲǣ谭յߣɲûиɹǵԼһ鷳ⷽ棬ûĶ֡»ôӳ飬ҲһʱҲúúÿһ⣬ڼ䣬ͲҪݾߣҪά뺫յĽܹϵʤҪһЩ



ǹȥˡ
Ϸ˼ګĲ£Ƶǰ
˼ګⶼĸ״˵Ĺͣĸ״һֱ𣬷Ȼᱣҡ
Ϸ˺ǺһЦЩĻͱ˵ˣȻˣںͿܹ˳ȹһأȫǼλصŮǵĽ飬ҿѽһ治һܹȫˡ
˼ګûʲôŮû
ϷЦ˼Ҳϡˡ
˼ګβ
Ϸֵˣѩȥ˰ɣ
˼ګεһ
Ϸ̾˿ˣҲ̫ƽˣֻҪǹÿģҶһа㻹ͼʲôҪ㽫ѩ޵ҡ߼ȥֻ½ǾͲ˵ˡ
˼ګ˵ͷĸ״˵ǣסˡ

ôһޣôƣæڼ䣬֯ͥۻᣬΪһֱǳȷ
Ȫׯ԰ֳܹȻúúһ¡
ǻδȪĺô鵽¯ĺô
ϣŮɳϣĴԱߵı¯
¯ӻů̶ͣߣϡ档ѩźĴ۾Ǳ¯
ԪĵԵͷ˼
̵ȥһ׬Ǯǲ˾ˡ
ԪĵһĨΣҲˡ
ºߵǷ㲻һֻǮ
ʱ˵λŮʲôأ
ֻնһ˽ϣˣˡȻһƨɾԪĵԣԪĵ§ڻ
ԪĵȫûзӦǳƣƫƫѡңͦڣŤӣ
һʲô
Ԫĵ
յǱһдô
򴽣źʹɫƻڹա
صգգۡ
ѩһ͵Ц
ԪĵȻҲˣһӱȽ侲֪ԼԽԽΣֻɺձţ΢΢͸źΣб¯Ļ⣬ʴҲ̫
ʵǷʲô
ѩ̵¯ѽ
պٺٵůͰɡ
ѩһ
ֵ¯ȪҪҪһһݡ
ѩ롣
һתҸѩˣȥݣҪݣ͸ĵһȥɡ
ЦҲð͵͵µȥмĿ⡣
»ӦĿ⡣
ԪĵǳˬҿûдӦ
ɲ㡣պǺЦ˼Ȩûкˮˮ
ѩһ߳ţһ˵ŶˣѧԺŮʦȴְ뿪˳
ԪĵһΪıô
ѩǳƵĵͷֿա
һδϴǳǣǳĹ壬ѧԺŮʦ붼ڹͥܵǣҲ֮С
ʼ磬ȥǸĿ⡣
ѩֵŪףЩ޹ģΪʲôҲҪܵǣ̫ƽˡ
ͻȻ֪νʩˡ곤Ҳôô˼ȻҲѧնݳ
ճԪĵʵĵΪأ
Ԫĵﲻ֪ʲô˼΢΢һۡ
Цĵˣɼ˵ȫȷ
һתҸĵϵˣǵ֮ɫ
û֮ĹϵҪ


1643 
һʵλ˶һΣƺԼλɷʱһλֱڿĴүǣͰΡ
ѩӵҲСΣյգɵΪ䣬¶أһԷҲƴġ
ȺտڣԪĵѩδҲ̫ˣ˳ϵ淨򣬾㲻ԱˣǱҲ㣬ΪΨ˲Լ޺֮ǡҿѽӦʵʵ£ҪȥȨֻҪ㲻ȥвˣǱȻҲ鷳
̷˵õǺڿһֱ˳ۣѵǷвôΪũң˵Ҳһʵˣ֮ⷲ¶ԴУԴУ³
Ԫĵְڳ̬һۣϲܱ֤ܹһֱӮô̫ξӮ˼ʮ꣬һأ³
ܲԪĵһ̬ϲǾ㲻ǣ˼Ҳ鷳ģɽ֣˴򽻵ǻ飬ƹ²ľ֣ش֮ô͵࣬˶ȥҸүү˵õķأܱȱҪãҸүүɾûΪһֱڴˣڼУͻвɱѿУܹڲ֮ء
ԸˣһͷȣһǷǳκµͬʴһ𣬲ִǲܵġ
ѩִУΪ⻰ģԽԽæֵĵ㣬½㣬Ҫοģ˵ȷСˡ
Ůֶա
ţνܹ˶Է͸еįľ磬ֻҪ־ͿԣѩͻȻսԼߣҵȻͬĹ
ң
ѩ촽΢ţȵָԼǿɰ
ѽ
յͷ
һ˻
ԪĵҲԸвĿźա
ЦʵǶ֪˭ã챣֤һ͹ɽ֣ԶǴҶôǹԱΪȷʵ˺޹ˣ˭ϣԼŮū澡ⲻöӦȥı䣬뷨Զܸı䣬ֻеһпܸı䣬ֻһɿܣҲпܵġ
ʥ˵Щÿ˶ĻǾʥԣ̫ƽ޷Բܵģʵ˵ףʥ˵ЩֻǳڶһĻѣʵܶ෽涼ȱʵĿǣΪ룬ʥ˲ŸȾ˺ܶˣʹͬ룬һҲŽТܣ˶õ£ɱʥ˵ǸΰɾҪСˣȫʵֵģΪʲôõķȥ롣
ѩֱͷͬ
ȴʵôô
յǵÿʲô£һ£νǽƽϵģЩҾͲܹ̣˭˺ǣôһһֽѣȻɶˡ
һЦͻ˵ġ
Ԫĵȴ뷨ڳ֮ϣǸ֮ʣܻģҪôͱܿЩ׷ţͬҪô͵á˵ͣ
հڰֵǸ֮ʣʵø̳һģֻøĴҪѣЩԣҲû˵ҪǣȻҲнգΪ춼æȥűȥˡ
µ̳ܱȵġ
ЦյҿɱȵģһǾ仰ʩˡ
ѩģ˵޵ģ޵ġ
Ц㼪ԡ
ͻȻһЦ
պЦʲô
µ⻰ǳԴҵĿУһһϯʤʮ飬Ǵ˵ܾͦЦģƽʱΪͲʺ˵Щ
Ԫĵͬĵͷ
ѩҲ˼ƣһȷʵЩЦ
ƫԵƫռҾһѽѵһӣƣ죬ۣͯѩ˵ǲǣ
ѩգգۣȻһֱͬ˵ЩҲ㣬ǾδԹʵˣиʦԸǲľӡ
ѩ㡪㡪Ȼҵ棬֣к¬ʦӣô춼ˡ
ûͺˡ
ѩһЦҲǾ£ֲϲӡ
ֵĻǼ˭ǾӣҾ͸˭
ѩһЦĹ͸һ˿Ρ
¡ԪĵҲЦѩҲЦ
ҲŹЦ
֮Ȼ̸ûһ׮ıϾǴ£ҶǣУ̫ĵˡմͲԸ̸£Ҫģƽʱȥģ˾˵Ϳˣ⺫ϣ״̬޻̸һĿڣڱ¯ԣҫ鳩̸ò
ʵŮҲϲɣ޾˵ʲô˵ʲôǰǸҪöˣһ̸ֱ졣
Ϣܹ¯֮ȪǱһµģΪȽ䣬ڵȪ¶ޣȥǴȪݣǲŹ񫡣
ȾѩȥˣƤĸԪĵƾԪĵƵģջǱĥӲݵĸȥȪˡʵϻ;һ裬ҲͦģԷ˵Ŀռ䣬Ȫĸ˵ģоЩһģʴԪĵȪȾͽŷǺεġ
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˫һţ΢΢ŲԪĵоǲҪ̫ˬ
ԪĵѾϰˣǺߵİ˺һֵۣ£Ҫ˵Ҳģǲܵģ̫ξҲȴҲ
ȵοңǰɣ
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Ԫĵҡҡͷ
յҾǵ쵣ңΪϣÿ춼ֵܹģҪȥΪЩܷǡеϦԲȱҲ㲻ˣ㿴ңò׽飬ؼû˭˵ȥ
ԪĵһЦ㻹˼˵ȴҲú˵Ҳ޵
ֵǻ˵ұ֮˷·˻ǰɢɢ
ԪĵҲ˵ˣ˵㱻ˣ·˸Ƶá
ҡͷһ̾⵹Ҳڣƭġ
ƭģԪĵǺ档
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յͷʱҼʱҾͿѰˣ϶ǷǸôƯᣬ֪Ůˡ
᣿Ԫĵ·Լˡ
˵ꡣյŮˣ˵÷ˣҲҲһʱ򻹲ʶѩʱУۣǼֱһ㣬춼뿴Բԣ˽ʲôɡ
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Ԫĵʱߣһۣ΢֣ǾͽͣҲֻȥˣΪ˱Σֵһôᶮôණأ
һţһЦȣʱҵ뿪ʿֶһ춼㹩ţӦܹᵽҵĴɡұ߳ȥ׬Ǯҵʱһֻ֮ܿɹƭʲôҸѩôʶġ
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ԪĵһЦ˵һЩġȴϲϺⲻĻΪɣǰǱýģǰ˺νԪҵøһЩ뺫ճɻ֮ĸЦҲǰˣĺ㡣
Ҫһģ԰ֱӽ˫գŶӦ޷ա
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ԪĵĿȫ˺յ˫֡
Ц뿴Щʲôˣٶʶֵİɣ˵úһ㣬Ǿ˲ѽڳԵöˣⳤ˲̫ˣЩطԲﶼҲһֵģһЩ˲ȥǱߣǵϽƻǱߣûйȥʲô˼룬˼룬ʺĵطȽòҪģǱǻѽñ˵ѧԺߵŮʦ˵ǽΪѧԺԺ
Ԫĵ˰죬漴ЦҲܹôԶ˶٣ֲһ䣬˵úܶԡ
˷ܵ⻹ֹŶ˶ԣҲһǳõʱӦðסǣ⹼ǵһİ
Ԫĵæ˻
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Ԫĵһôһ˵˵е̵˼ʵòɿ˭ȥע⵽΢ˡ
յԲԣ
ԪĵͻȻⲻһְŵİɣ
㶼ܹУûȻǣֻôæﻹһֻȥŶ
ԪĵһͻȻ׹ʱȭȥѽ
ʱˮĽ

ǱѩҲûлظԵķڣµԷ˵Ļǽø齥ŨȪǱ߻̹ˣ·˵ĻζһãΪ쵱ãöջˣҲԵζȻȻܵܣǵܸܵõĸоȫһ
ѩ˵ĵȪʲôһЦ
ѩô֪
µҪȥ
˵ԪĵԭģϾС浽̫˽ˡ
ѩ̵ɲУҲȥ
ûȤƲ졣
ѩͻȻ£Σŵ½㣬ʵһֱи㡣
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£ЦЦҪ˵һⶼûУҲǲܵģǺܶ¶עģͺñҺͷܸܹ̫̫ԭһԭⶼǲܷġ£ҶһҲ⣬ҲİţΥĻ᲻ɢҸأҴСʲô£ΨҸеЩ£ΪҾʧȥġʵҷǳмܹһֱңҡϣҲֻзң½ңңһ֧ңҵȻҲñҵĶ顣
˵һҸҪ֪һȾͲˣȻʱĲ٣ۣǣЩҲܹǴӦ޸գǶƹˤȻҲģҾһģ£ֱǵ֮󡭡˵ͻȻһףһҲˣֻҸˣûô֡
ѩＫΪжסµ֣½㣬лл㡣
ɵѾͷ˵ЩһЦֵ⻰ǧܸ˵ǵΪǷǵģǷģĻƾǷǹɽƻҲһĶ֣һֱָжģǲƽƽ
ѩһЦ˵ͷ


1644 ʼ
ԭմׯ԰ϢգȴֻеĹգȻϻسȥˣΪ֪ͨգúȥһѧݡ
Ͼڳ޼֮ͥõ˿ǰߣΪںܶһεĴϴֻ֮ʴǶľηǶ¡λͺ󣬶ûдﵽ־硣ôܵóҫһ£Ǵڹ޷ܵԼߡѧͷֵ֧ߣδһѡ񣬲ѧݣ߿ʶһҲˣ˵Ļ̫ˣʹ˻ռ棬飬ΪûʵӦһεļ棬Ƚ΢ﲻڱϴ
ҲһֱŸ棬Ȼ˶̥ǻӣȻϷݲȥûзʲô£ôͲϵˣڡԬ褵Ҳɵġ
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ѧвŮģǰԵȻʧɫֻΪġ
΢ռʺ󡣡
񡣡
΢΢һЦĿܱһɨЦգƳǻǡ
˵꣬ձòŮš
£漴ЦʱǰһҵúһͣסЦ⣬Թʵˡ
Ƶʺ˻
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εļһ˿Цݡ
Сӻڲͬ׽ҡҡͷֵҸ¿Ƴǵʱ˵ⶨ⣬Ϊѧݾǳ֣ǳƳ֣֮˵ö𣿡
պʺΪθƶ
ܼ򵥣ΪûбҪƳ֮ѧݣϾųƸŮ֮ѣƳӸ߰ްϵ֣Ӳô
㻹ǽǷо͸ˣΣ֪֪ɲףΪұһǧҲܿ͸һѡչֵʺʥ΢
㲻ʲôʥ֣ȥ濴ɡ

ݼöԣ˷þһû˿ĸı䣬ȫ֮ĹϵѾѺۣǲֲѺۡ
ѧ棬ȫŮٸպˬϲַΧĬĬĸмѡһôõĳ档
ЩŮæŽյѧ֪ʶԭеѧ֪ʶɡʵԼҲйɣ硢ɢɢҲ˵˲ٵѧ֪ʶЩ֪ʶҲ˳ܵ˵ǱȽɢģȻҪŮмռȾ͵ϵͳЩɢѧʶϵǳ͸Ʒһ
ЩŮȴɵʮ㣬ǳ棬˿Ϊؼ㣬⵱ϴûרŮ˵ѧʣŮ飬дþģоĳɹȻû˵ЩŮѾѧΪŮ˵ѧʣԼĶǵȻҪϧһЩ͵һ
ӺȻ츳һЩŮԸͶٷ֮ٵŬ˲УΪʴŮѧѧѧķչҪá
Ƴ⻹ѽӲһȦҲܵеҶгһգŮ˻Լѧݣһ㣬һڱīֽ棬оѧʣû˶Դ顣
һΪؼģҪŮŪѧݣǵڶ͵õգҲûŮ˸ôѧݣҶԣЩ˸еǳģΪ޷ֹѧŮѧѧĵλԶΣҡ
Цʺ˵òʵҸո⣬Ҳǰһ
ʵ˵㱾ҲǷǳֵ֧ġ
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ңŮ˳еĸ񣬶һĪİӹԽÿսһ˶˲أڼŮһַǳʧ⣬ҴƾˣһҵмҾΪأʹӮսҲָûŮ˶øһЩʱŮ˾ܹվһ£ҶɹѹأһҲܹøȶһЩһ̼䵹ףҲһָ
Цֱͷ˵úãüܹǰһһ㵹δ뵽ġҲһֱΪŮ˿ڸ෽ȥˣڼӣȻȥƳǣҪʲôңһ
㻹סңȻһֲαˣʵһ취ʾһ¾ˣͦ׵ĶԸġռﻹչˣȴǹϲӶлʺ
ЦͲˣҲһŮˡ
һţһ£˽֮΢΢һ֣ԵĹǳʶȤȥھʣ뺫ˡ
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յкδ©Ǽʺ빬ҲȥʺġʵһֱΪǱȻģǴԴҲǷǳֵ֧ġ
Ŷһ˻
յⳤǰˣϽʤˡ˵ȷΪҴܴĹףӹɵģǶʱ򣬿ɼ˲ǹҵδΪԣӦüˣλøˣԼؼ帣öôݻǶƾԼ׬ģ޿ɺǣҲӦøһ˸ù
ұ仯󣬷չѸ٣ЩˣϲּΪԼǶԵģ˲Σֹⷴ˹ҵķչһ˵Ȩô֮ǰЩ¾ΪңΪ˽ԼȨƣΪԼĻûʸվڳϣΪ˹ңԼҲ뿪꼱ˣʲô¶ûУʵѾ谭˹ҷչʴˣΪʮΪȷһ£뿪˳ǱƵģԸġ
Цʵ˵ףѽ㵽ͣѡ𣿡
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ҡͷˣҴδ˵Ҫ˭ҵʱҲ֪˭ܵǣֻȰ¶ЩᡢвŸɣ˲һ档˵ϲٵ˲ţҲҪĥģǵľǳǷܹȥ⻹δ֪ǶڹңǲܳҾô»Ӧȡ
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ﲻΪоڿѽʵ֮ҸõȻҲ֪ЩԣⲻǺŪ飬Ż˵ģҲûдϣбףҪƵĻֻƵʵϣЩ⣬ҪŪ޼ɣ֪֪£Ϊ˵⻰һĿġ
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һ㶣кƣȫΪڿǣѼдʲôı˵õѱأôô
˵ҲǵģҺյְҵ£ԶŵڶԸ޼һ㣬ǾͿ϶ﵽףôܻẦ㡣յͷΪ̫ˣ˿ʵ͵ƽ¾ͿˣȻŻʺĺãʵΪҪһ㣬ǳ֮Ժ㣬׻˵úãվüģżһأ˻ΪǮʮ꣬ʮ꣬ʱƲô룬ͶĻرȻһͻԳ᲻ϵĻۣҾг־ԵģڻʺԣǷǳͶʼֵġ
ԽԽԺˣ⺫ջһΪ룬Ҳһǡôæų켺δ뵽һ㣬Ҳû⣬ʵǳҪΪҶΪ߳޼ɵģ޼̫ƽʢµ̨ҷûзҪøãǰһ˵µģõʵڵĶգðն㱣ӸڴǾü鳼
ɾԸԣⱳѾǱѣٻźգתһ룬ˣСסңΪʤδȻȥͶǳߣȻˣҺβЦɣЦҾȴ֮ˡ
׵˳ӦġĵҪô㶼ҪˣҲûҼȥ
һؼ棬ҲǷ϶˵Ԥڣһǳ죬̸Ҳ̸ܶ࣬棬˶Щ֮ԺȻǺ޺գǶȷʵĬܶµĿͬնԣȷһܺõ󣬷ʱû뵽ôգֻҪһ̣ǾͱѣΪǶףǾսε񾭣Ҷչ˳αðˡ


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װװڶδţװǧװڼӣȾƣĿǰںһ£ʱ߾ʲôιֲ֣ûǽ꣬ͱǷǳ׵ġ
첻˰
հʮ֣첽ڣ磬Ǳ߸ոմһܺ
ԣһ񣬵ù
̽ŵϡ
ؿ飬漴һӣѵˡ


1645 Զ
ǵڣƻͨҪڵڣȻϱǰԱ滹һЩ䶯ģ˶帮Τ˼ǫҲ˴˸࣬Ȼͻȥ׼ź£׼Ϊˡ
ҲǴһ߹һʼվ˳£ݽϢѾȷ߾ѾˣͼԿҴơ
⻰˵ģѾ£֪ôǻ£⻰Ҫ˵Ҫá
һʲôʱ߾ָˡ
ǵݶУξĵĽʵ⼸һֱټеֻҴǰδע⵽ĻѾ͸˰ټõңϷ֮ڰټô๤򣬿ϣܹټõ½ıΪأҾԣƺҲҪҴһ¡Ǳ߸߾ЩڶҹսУľ޴󣬶ϻرΧκŪʧأܹõܹΪǽ֮ǣгɽΪͬ˵ġ
ʵ߾Ϣ괫ñȽƵҲһֱйעţһоݣǺϹġ
ڵǾһ֮ܣһʯ䣬첻£ز£һڽ࣬ǹ֮ûǱȽ٣Ŀǰĺһ˾ͺܲˣɣľǶϼҴڣǲȥˣߴߣ˭ԸˣӣɣľҲһֱԼˣˡ
⣬ڴ֮ǰɴδԭ֣ɱǣǻ뵺ǳ֪һжǴӰ뵺ȥģһƼ߾޹ټϸ߾ôһǾ;ⵯ֮أǶԲ£ǻ˼˵Լ쳯ҵ֣Ͼ⵺ϲǺХǵҪɶûɶȻסڴ½Ϻá
գһӣŭССһҲҴƱ϶ֱ̫ˡ
佫̵£̳úýѵһ
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Ƿǳѽûʲô˵ˡ
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ոյƣûôҫҪ̣̫ˡ
ʦҲվ£߾Ȼֻǵ֮أǱ߿ɶɽˮҳ֣Ȼʤնɽˮ֮Уʼδܳ߾߾ֵΪ¸Ӧؿǣв¡
¬ҲվҹչãǸ߾Ѿǿ֮ĩ˸ǵ޷չǴʱȥܻ谭ҵķչԴײߣ᱾ĩ
ζû˵ָ߾Щĳվˮ¬졢ʦǲ˵´̣ʱƳκη涼۷ʱڣܻ˭ֻΪҷչôãǶֲ߱вͲҪ󶯸ɸ꣬Ϊأһġ
ҲԵͷʵ˾գΪأ
治̫ÿڣΪϻµף޹˳´Ҷŵģ֪ɶ˻·ģգõģҪ֧ҵģǺȫȻûƵãվһԴ˯ﰵСӲǺŪϷİɡ˼ۣûзӦҲֻӲͷΪҹδ֣ʷԭҲδ֣Ǻ˽⣬ô̽һЩǳ͢ҲܺӣȻսҴƣ϶ЩʵģǱ׼ǡ
⻰˵þͷǳί񣬶һϸ˵Ҳûʲô
ǣͷλ֮飬ݵĶУξµ⣬й۲߾ټǵһһ
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Ϸ֪Լǣʴ˲Ҫ֧֣Ŀڲţǲǵġ
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΢΢һЦ˾գ뿴ڸ߾£ǵѯĽ飬һر¿£ٿҪ飬ûΪʲô
һ㶣Ϊʲô
յΪ´ʱ˿ҲıһֵǷзǴʱ˿̣¿ɲðյĿⶼעڴ棬ʴ˵תƹڵעѽңһ̣ҲΪ¾ۼģôҶŽڱµܱߣʱǡô˾գ㾡ɷģһսǷǴ򲻿ɣ벻򶼲С
Ѿ棬پ£ҲûкôټϴĶɢģ½һ
úеȴӲ⣬ȻˣΪʲô˵ҪڵĻ¾л̬Ҷ޳ɣҲÿڰ
ЦҷŲ˵ôøȥΪⴿ˷ʱ䡣ʵ¸ѹûйϵֻҪµͷҳݣ˾ǾͿѽûκιϵܹӰʲôʲôӰ죬ҲϹ¼ѣҪ£ȥһ£ǲҪᡣ˾գߣ˵µȻˡ
Ȼһŵʤƨƨߵ˹˻ȥ
μǶˣЩûô
һ£ŵʤȥͺգԲôˡ
̵˾˵Ǹǽϳһ飬ðټࡣ
ʱĸо
ʵ֪˾кҪ
ﻢ£Ҳû·Ҳûбˣǵ£黹ǹڸ߾ģ³߾ȵδɵ־
һӣָ֣˾գ޿ɷž͵仰ΪηŲ˵


1646 㵽˿ʼû㵽β
סˣΪһֱڳ߾ͶģôôֱӣͻȻ뵽ǰ˵ЩȫȻ׹СнգԭʲôȻοڣ⻰ͺ˵ˣǵ£ųô˵ģС¬Ҳ˵ò޵Ҳµ󵽹ҵķչʴ˲šϳΪҷչһֱڵһĿǰҵķչ˽ⲻˡ
Ϻ껹Сۣ뾡취ҡһơ
ЦҺҲµġ˵ţתĿգգװ˯ҲӦװˣܿ˵˰ɡ
̫˽⺫գֻҪͷװ˯Ϳ϶лҪ˵վ˵䣬Ҳ䡣
ڨڨЦ£ûװ˯ֻǡ˼£һûע⣬֪ͽˡ
һף˵ܴ̾ܲ򣿡ߵ
ص΢෬˼ƾȥһ̣Ҳǲԣ϶ᵢҷչģΪЩǮ׼ڹҷչģⲻܲӰ졣
ĺ봷Сӣ̫ˣǵֻ̲ĳѾǳȷĸߺգү
ҪôôѽżѽһΪȡһôҲܹæúôѽⲻҵ硣ҲЩ飬佫û飬Ųһӡ
ۺգ޼ǵ˵а취յݣΪֵġ
£ƾֻ»ܹҪЩ֧֡ʱ˵ûжʳֻԸ㣬ʳˡ͹УʳȻģҲ󣬶Ҽ縺𢣬˺͵ҵʳģǳԲôʳģʵѵʱҲûʳʳڵǲԸóˣʴȵ취ǽʳó
кΰ취εʵ֪տ϶а취ûа취Ͳ˵ôࡣ
յǲУϾзȵģֻǽסôһùĶȥǽףǾûʲô壬ǮʡһЩǮսô͵սлȡĶȥǽסսõĶ޷ҲˡءԴ
Ŀǰģ˲ؼģΪ͹ڵԽԽôū澾ܹĳɱȻһôǾҪĽǶ͢ȵԼлļֵܹ͢ƹūôū澵ļ۸ͻߣǾ͸ū澣Щ²ļֵͻõôǾܹ۶óǼеʳ
εǸƹū澵أ
յܼ򵥣Դ֣һ㣬תΪ˵ĳɱֱӶԴ˰תˣҪɸ߶˰աΣʹԱල棬ıطԱ֮һ󣬼֮ӣһɶݣ˱ܼٹū澵ֻӵдƻİա
ôĻ͢δûаЩ˵ļȨ棬ǵūһûж࣬һҲû٣Ҳˣͻļٹū澵ӵ˶ū澵׷
ңôڱҲǷǳġΪЩū澵ӿ϶ùѰһĵĸмµĶ£治˵΢Ǻһ㣬ǾԻκ˶ӵ£Ϊоںǡ
˾νˣҷ²Ҳǳ䵱ūۣʵһ˵ǰŪüǲܻмǵģȻ˵ĻǺαضǺáǸ߾ʮӵ˴룬ҲˣǸ߾ȴϹ黹һūǣֱȥֻ֮֮ʴ˴ưҲ˵ʲôġνǸá
˼Σʵ׼һ׼˶ã
յ£óûǳÿظµĽ飬Ǿ˼ǵġ
εǽʳó
յǵȻһЩԴأЩҲ˻ع˭ڻٽ˹ҷչ
һ㣬Ѿ˵ˣʵ˾գΪأ
̵ϳԸ򣬽ū澾
һͣʲôΨһ׷󣬾߾ū澣ں
Ҳ̵ҲԸ⡣
Ҳһū澶ûС
üû뵽ջôһ⣬ۣԴֲֻᣬƫƫ⵵ҪӦĻվͲ֤ղ̴֤˭飬ǴǮѽ̣ҲʻвǮ˵ûǮǳд󳼸ӻᷴˡ
յ˼ǳԣǮģҪҲ𣬵϶谭ҷչͿŰɡ
޵ǲԣֻǳд󳼿϶ᷴԡοź˵
ôѽðҰƽЩˡ
ҪǰڲƽЩˣῪڣЦ´˾Ϊ룬޿޵ҲֻҪóдǿ϶ᷴԵģҪУ˾ն֧֣¬顢ɡɣΤةҲӦģΨлᷴԣһ˷ʲôá
Ƶƾʲôƶ⳯д󳼲ᷴԣ
ūǴ󳼺͵طūū澣಻ūˣҪǶ˼ҵĸѽôܲԡ
պٺٵֻҪ;Ʋ̫󳼷ԵģҲЩ˿ܻᷴԣǰƽˡ
ҲͿǲܵ°
˼ΣͻȻ׹ոϴ¤ţĻѾٽ㣬˶ֱӱᵽƶ֮ȥˣǻ˭ʱ˭ҷ˳ϴȥˣ»ûʽҴ˾ڵϣռƸߵ㣬Ȩǿǰģ֧֣ȥ˸һ¡
ڵȨθģſţ͵ſš
뵽ҲһȨϵĸоҪǰô˵ǻᱻģɲһˣһ־ĪҧƵȥˡ
պǺǵⱾ¶ûУҲó⻧顣
У޴Ӧ㡣ֵʲôʱܹݼã
յԡ֤Ӧʮ򾫱Ϊ꣬ʤǾͱ볷
ģ
˾գˣҪⶼ㲻һʲôˡյ
ζںܣŲɣʵ˾գаգ
㹻ˡ
Ƴ߾ûгһģ͵ûؼˣҪ껹Ҳˡ
纫ԣǮİ壬˾ͿԾҪ˵÷ǳģһİǾôˣҪ
һ仰ʱһѣûлʹȥ


1647 ֮
ҲĿɿڴ׼˿ʼû㵽βôҲû뵽ξȻҪ
ǶĸѾӰ
֮Եһع߾ûսĿģܴһԭʱǶƹһǳأֱӹ߾ĺĵشʵƳһսƳñڶ࣬ǳﲿӣʩͻϮʤǴͻʣ¹Ȼ룬ս
ʱ޼ɵΪ˹˼ɵİΣѡȣȡһһǵĴȥԣ˵ͻϮҲһɹǳ޼ѡĲԣȴʧܵĹؼԭΪǰկ϶Ҫ򵽶ȥһǾûˡ
ǳ޼ǹ˼ɵİΣʵôðգȻȴ
ܾܿʹͲϵڡ
Ҫδ̾ͻ񣬶϶ЩĹߣĹһսǺֲܿģܲôȻѽ
ݡ£֮壬߾ֺ޳ˣͱˣұʮɰյģһټɡ
Ц˾գ㷽ŲҲ˵ˣô߾Ǹʵ־ΪӣΪδɵԸкβɡ
ʵҪԭ򣬸ǳһ£̰ͣ쾵ۡδĿ꣬δʱĻһ˸߾һ¾ֳˣ߾ͬһҡҡλεݣѾ紵ֻҪݺһţܻᵹȥĻǲͳˡ
ңʷϵǶ书ι棬ѾнӹȨ󣬹һֱϣټϺյĵҲǷʳһһãΨûʲô桢̫ڶϵӢۣΪƳĻʵۣǱ˫ȫƳ׷Ҳǳ࣬εȻҲչʾһԼ۲Ŵԡ
˵赭дļ٣ֲ˼˵ϻʧܣΪȰҪؼʱѡ޹ҶѾ˺ܶˣֻһĸʹɫ
ѾΪμԽȰΪǿԼ϶Ҫһֵ棬ֻûлأǵ£̸ЩΪʱ磬Ϊ͢ýעڳﱸ棬̴ÿǺڡ
ηö⣬ҲûдҾҪﱸһ£λȥȫġ
յ£ﱸһ£ûô򵥡
Ŷһ˵˵
յ¬˵ȷʵеҷչôãͻȻ󶯸ɸ꣬ȷʵЩףһЩʱ׼Ϊ䴵磬Ҷڸ߾ʹޣֻһģǽǲսʤġ
εͷ֮¾ȥ
˭Ӯհ
΢еһֵоǹڳﱸ߾һ£ʱţŶūһ£ǧᵽ΢
ζʱΪΣĻǲһ˿
յô֪ǳµģôǺܿͻᷴӦ̧ū澵ļֵǿܻΪǺ޳ѡͲԸóʳ±µ볼
ͦζģϾǵ˵£ֲԸǺһֲ߻ģǣ⣬óӵﵽԼĿģһغմ⣬ǰ档
հ룬ǰҰ㱳ùôƾʲôδֵӦԴӱµܲ˵͢۶ɡ
ҲЩǱˣֻҪܹ߾ʵʲô˵ͷðɣ޴Ӧˡ
󣬳ôһסգ㷽ΪʲôԱ֪ϻع߾Ϊ
Ϻ˵һ룬ֹڲԣ˼Ѿˡ
̾˾գ㶼ȰסȰסҿֻһ˿ֹ¡
æʵˣ
ʺ󡣡յлʺ󣬱㽫¸֪ʺûʺȥȰǾͱˡ
Եͷӵû治Ȱܲ˵㲻ȥǾӮȥˣǾͲһӮˣⲻǴӵôʺʵǷޣЩӲ˵ǻʺ˵ҪǵʺĻҲһֵūһ£ΪȲϷ¾ϷӦĽҲһӦⲻǳϷΪô
⽫Ҳū澴󻧣ū澣϶Ҳ˼档
պǺЦ˾մɷģЩһȫֵ֧ģҪµ档
ȵƾʲôôƶ
Ц˾գ㲻뿴ƹū澣ū澣˭ǵȻǽ²ȵľ˿ɶǽǻȱū𣿶ҷ²ļ۸ߣ˭ҲǽôֻҪ˾㽫ǷҸұ֤ǾƻЧ˾գū澣յ⣬ĽǾ޶ĲƸһܼʿ
˰ΣںͶأѾ߯һ㡣
ⶴģǿǺյǿҺһߣǲҲǵĶӣΪƳľǷǳģڴ϶֣¶֣ʴˣһ£ӲȥǾ


ʱ̫λˣټϺ֧֣ΪʱѾ죬ʱʱݺյĲ߻µõӦūһ¡
ʴˣ֮ĳϣֱ£ƹ澣㽫һ澻ҹ涨ϳһйū澵ʹͣЩʹУǰū澵ģЩȫˡǰΪʲô͢Ҫū澣ҪҲΪһԭҵûʲôƷ͢ҲֻԼƷ÷ණֱӲɹҲҪôū澡
ҪūҲΪ˰ҲΪ͢Ķֱȥ̣Щܴ꣬һأū澣Ի˶ս֧֣ٹս֧һɹôһǺܺġ
Ҳչֳιҵһ棬ʲô¶Ѷϣھ·棬Ƿǳϵģʷϣλڼ䣬ÿسǷǳᶨģұȽϺݣһҪܶԷһеġ
ȻԽ𾪲ѣȿһ綼û͸Ԥףʲô
վ£򲻿ɰ
Ū˲ū澻ȥ
Ϊβɣ
һӣմŭָڵ
ڵŵòûſȥʵ۽ճ˻ҩɡδûô͹
󳼸ɪɪǱѾӰʵͻȻַŭˣܲô
ߵǰĿһɨ֮£Ī֮ĪÿһƬϵӤӦ޵ƾʲôǶȵū澣дڼ䣬ЩıöʲôǼǳɰǧūôЩūиûӣûйңֻǵˣ޶Դ͸еⶼǰɣӦȥˡ
վʥ
¬졢ʦҲϽվʾֻ֧ʵ۵ľ顣ıһʣŵô죬Ͻߺʥ꣬νū澸ıһ˭ҷԡ
ֿڣУк鰡
һæ飬ʥʥ
ɵˣǻš
ֵܾ˾ڣ
̴һ㶣æվڡ
εҴƵū澷޶в¹غ°գ񰲾֣ū澷

ɻһڣɵˣӲѽզ


1648 ʼұʹ
Ҫǰ֪һᳳ췭ظȻūū˰գǻǿԲģԽ׵ģ˺Ǻܴ󣬶һأҪū澶Ѿ޷õҪǲܵġ
ǣȴ֮ͨ죬ǻȨϣ¤ű֮󣬲һЩСҷԻʵּ⣬ټϳ޼һδ׽ĿǰֻǴ˳޼ɣܶԪ϶ڵطȥ飬ʱı˵ǣ˭ҷԣ˭ҪԵĻôͿܱū澡
ʴˣ˳֮󣬴Ҷڷ׷ײ²⣬⾿Ϊʲô
ܿҾ͵óһͬĽۣǻʵҪŻȨԻһ֮£Ī֮Īͬʱܹȡģ˭ҷԵĻǻʵۿ϶ҪɱӺģ¿ɲ׳ͷ
ͬʱҲôһ޷Ϊ޼ɵģһжǻʵ۸ģȵۣʵۿԽƶˣҲһƽȵȥһ̶ϣҲôڣϾڼǳš
Ȼǲ֪ʵηҲģϾδôŹͲ󳼷Ļᣬһ󳼹Ȼ˵ˬˣûôᰡ
һֱ׷ĻȨϣʲô£ֱǹƨͨ
ȻҲû뵽ͷȥû뵽¾Ȼ߾ĵ

ã
ɢ֮ƃ̽ܵȥ
˾գ⡪⾿ô£
ūƶһֱУΪʲôҪô

佫ԴвһٱԹΪǵϴ󣬾Ĵ㾹Ȼ˵óȻֱ֧£ŪǶÿˣ̫˼ˡ
һ֮
ֻƃ٩ʷ乴ЦĴӹ߳뷽ŵıֱˡ
ʥҪֱ֧µľ򣬽һЩū澻
ԶԶԣǴ̣ιЩ佫Ҫʿ䣬ñ֪佫ڱµġ
˵úãЩĳƽʱڵ£ֻҪ˺ǵ棬̾һСαӣȡ
۹

һȺ佫ֱð亹ǻ⣬һֱĹٵ֮а
ֻҪõᶨӵӣĳеףһܹ㣬طҲˣҲ򲻹ӣǻһɢɳһߣԶھǷǳģΪū澱ؾ֣֮һܽ˻ݣȥ߾ֱһá
ط˭ҪĻǶοڣȻͿȥŪǡ

ǱߺҲã̴̱ܵ񰲾ȥˡ
գ⾿ô£
̴˼ġΤ۶һĿźա
ûҸͬʱ֪ģô֪ô£ȿһ綼û͸
̴˼ѵԣ´
յͷ侲ķܣ뿴˶ı»ܲһô˵ţʼ¸Ҳûɶϵһū澶ûУǧҪȥһ˵䣬Բܵġ
̴һֵֻۣ֪Բܣū澷£ܲܣӲڣû˶Щⷨ˭ޣҲǵģ½̲ȥˣﻹ񰲾ְ
ɵȱģң˭հһ䣬ȴ⵹һ⣬ǵһӵĿȱ֪кʵѡô
ûУ
̴شķǳϣʶˣç򣬾Ƕͽôܸ浽һȥ
Τ۵ⷽ˲ŵУڴ£̲ʷֻ̨гӣǱˣβֱӽǡ
֪һȫʴ˳̴ҲǳµﳤӣȫѽˮȥԹԣһ̯զ졣ȥҰ뿪ûжãǾͷǳ㽫Τ۸ߣҲ߳Ӱ
յͷ⵹Ҳǣǻ棬̲ʹ°æҲ̫ûˡ
̴˵զ죿
һˬĺҵĴҿʲôû
̴⵱ȻĴǻʼʹһֱ㸺¹ͨģǹͨŵ񰲾ΪѣⲻĴ˭Ĵ
Τۺ˼ĬĬͷ
յ˵ܾ˾жεĹֳٰ
ʲôжΣ̴ŭһۣ˼ģ˵жΣǾ¡
¡
ͬ
㿴
סס
һ̧ŭҪô㣬Ļְġ
̴ùһЦְʹְ񰲾Ҫǿˣ˭ˣһؾоˡ
㡪
ָų̴ҧгݣѪĳ嶯ˣƽʱڳ빴Ķǣֲǳ޼ɣζô֮ߣƫƫһֱͱ̴çţһֱֻҪ񰲾ֵĹ¹˭ǳģʲôʼʹǻʼұʹ
һֵ̫ˣƽ͵úúãˡɣԺĵʽܣɷΪϤҪԡ
ʽܣ
ǲǰĽʿô
ѽ
ôᣬﶮʲôɷ̴Դ˸еɡ
շŭͱȳҪò
𣿡
ҪҪ֤Ŷ㿴ˡһ֣ҾôһѡҪǲӦԼˡ
˭˵Ӧˡ̴ȥ¾ټ
ռΪʲôң񰲾壿
̴ʲô񰲾ֵ壬ǻʼʹټģҵʽܱˣȻ尡ۣ˼ģ˵ǲǣ
ܾ˾֮
ͬ
ǲɵ˵ʽ볤һͣǣ˼ҳӵʱ̫ξĵճǰкҪǳ£Ȼ̫ξ뿸ˣʽҪǳ£˭զѽǶûиʽ˵ʽɶܷܿģǲŲʽܱɺȥټǽʲô⣬ȻǺ
̴ĲУұģ¯డ
Ҫ
͵һӣŭһҪ
̴ٺЦкô
ȥĺšյһۣ˵ǻʼʹ̫ˡ
Τһʼ̫أ
̵ջظղ˵ûŭåһ죬Ҫֻ


1649 
ȥūƶȣʵһֱֻ콥лͿһ㣬лһ£ҲɼһֱڵŴ£һҪϳūƶȡ
ⲻ˵ʲôʥĸ֮ģҪˣںӲ̵飬ǿʳ淨޷ȫıģֻԲͬķʽš֮ҪūƶȣΪūƶȽ谭ҵķչūǿͨȨõģ˼ǹӶ£ҪʵģȨȥĻõöū澣ɱҪͺܶ࣬˼ҾԾĹ
ǣ۵ͶҲ谭ƼķչҪǮʲôȥѾͿˣҪʲôֻеǳʱ򣬴ҲŻ뵽ȥĽ豸ǻ۶ǱƳǿѧƾģҲ˵ʱͿƼ
˵մսȡūһޣܳ͢ҲҪǮģ϶ǺܱˣҺǴ㽫ūЩѵĹ棬˵·޺ӵȵȡЩͻǵý
·һҪ޵ģŴ·һܿ£ȫñĻôĻýǳû˭е𣬵ĻͿܻƺԼƵҵ


ǱǷǳƣԽԽίʵ̲סˣȥ߿࣬డ
ʺϳ˵һ仰ȴѵϳϳĸѽ
ڼίǰҲôģҲδ˶
ǿĵУ࣬λǷⷲ¶˼ǣ㿴̫ξ˾ǣ˭㣬¶ʿ䣬Ҳ룬ֱվб֮»ôݡһеӡ⣬Ҳ̫ȻּҪôбµɣӦֱ֧£ôܷأ
ίϳҲҪԣֻ̫ͻȻˣϳһʱڳ嶯š
Цŵͷȥʱ£ô¡ҪסҪʲôСҿ±¶˾ġ
æϳס
ߺȥΣĵλô飬
£֪˭ҳأЦ
΢һڣ
ͷ̾ҲСˣŻһᣬһѱ飬檿öв̡
ʵ˵ʲô
˵ʲôϣ購֮ڣڴϿǽŻˡ
⻰˵ã˼ԾԹģȴ˵
һЦֵ޴ûдֻǵʱ޲òô˵
˳ھʵΪΣڿ޳˵Ҳǲ岻ģǹūһ¡
εͷֽԵɸ֪
ԭˣֵȻǺճ⣬檿ӦÿС
ЦҲֻҷչķǳãʱĻЩĳһֹģҰҲԴ˲һɣһӰ쵽ҵķչǸӲݵģҪҷչܹ߾ΨյĲԡ
䣬ԺǷǳΣζӳ£˵ǾҪ߾أ
εͷĿᶨΪʱѾˡ
Ҳ֪ǲɸıģʵʱҲΪ賤޼ıһͥȨ߾ֻΪ˭Ὣһ̵ĹͼͷϣһսڵעͶת˸߾ʱνΨһģ岻֡
Ȼģ߾̫ҪˣΨһܹãȫ֧ΣеһжÿվǷǳشһ¡



飬⾿ô£
ŴҲһ±ƣϢ̫ͻȻˣҲûʲôס
ҡҡͷҲֻб֪ҿѾʴˣҲȫԸɲܳʲô
ŴǸô
ǰѾˡֵһ㣬̨һɳ͢ƶūԼĹټһ֮ڣû͢עū澣ôū˵Լܵκηɱ֤͢ûעū澣ȫΪ˶ԴҲ˵Źûעū澣Ϊ
Σū˰գԹΪλգūҲֵܹģū澰ūļֵǹУô˰ҲӦеңӵеūԽ࣬ɵ˰ҲҪõӦߣñ˵ʮūֻͨյɵ˰գʮ͵ɣʮ͵߳ɡ
󣬾תū澣ҲҪһת˰˰һҪߣ˲Чơ
Ŵһһ߯ҲˣһҪЩūҪԼūȥעᣬҪעĻǳ͢ͽὫЩūΪ˶ԴƳƶȶԣȼƶǷǳϸģū澵ĻֻҪūȥٸ˵ū澶˽ɱģ˵ŹǶ£ɷĹ涨ū󡱣һ¡˵ĻɾͲˣǾǹעˣ˰϶ӲˡܻЩĲŪûӵġ
ЦѾǵ÷ǳܵһصġʴˣ¾һֻ漮ԭİգͻʾɵضڣ˵澣ūެūЩ͢ͳͳܣӵһ澣͢ҲһǮģ漮ԭģͱôǣ͢ƳԼ
ŴԼ
յͷԼ˼壬ǽһǩĳˣ˵ĳţǴԼ˵ڹӶԼȾ͵ýū澻Ը⽫ūתΪԼ͢˰ǸЩ˵͹Ĵ
Ŵ˼ΣֻҲǳѣԼǹӶԼĻūԼ֮ЩԸô
ЦΪʲôԭ򡣡˵ţ˶٣ֵȣҷǸ˰ֻǴȷѣȻôܣ˰յĿľҪЩūԭӵū澣ӵдū澵ȴ٣ֻҪ˰ãסӵū澵ˣǿԽ˰գôԾֻЩӵдū澵ˡ
Զԣ˶ñ˺ãҪС⼵֮ģЩСƽʱܴѹƣ˰ȻǶк˺ȴҲ֮ǾͲûᷴԣ˵ֳ֧͢ģΪһ֮Ĳ࣬òƸƽ⡣
ټӵдū澵˶ǹԱԱڳ濴ţֻܴһԺԲƣԵĵʵࡣ
Ȼȣλڷ棬ѾǺܺõɣ˳ڱµūҲǱµһҪðװ׵֪ڶЩūǾӦǣôū澸췴𣿡
Ŵһ췴Լȶһ¡
Ц¸ʲô
Ŵڨڨ𶯲췴˵̫ˡ
յҪǻͷ𣿻һ㣬ҪЩСеϵȻǶһ˰գǶģΪƽ֮Ĳ࣬ǧҪǸеֻţһҪǷֿ¼ĵǿɾͷˣһҪλ
ŴأǿҲӵū澵ġ
Ц׬ôǮû˰ӦҪ֪㡣ʵ˵Ǳµֻ°£ҲûκãҲæûʱǣȥǽɡ


1650 ɳ²
Ϊūһ£ǳ߾ĵʴǷҪȫִУʵҪҲû£ҪǣüʱϢųȥһ
ֱⷽǺյĿұ죬վȥȥۡ
Ҫ㣬һεգһ»ʵۡǹıʵûаȫУ󳼶˲ū澣ʵﵣǣ׾˾˶ıοǣҵ÷ǣҲҡ
ǰߵȻǴﴵͶˣߣķŷ磬͢ĸʾпûô˵ҪġһһӲʩ
һϰװҲһ̬Ϊ⵼˵һǹ
Ϊ룬ѾȲˡ
˼Ĵеū澣ҡУǰ黹һЩū澵ɣͬʱһʵūǩԼ֮
ǾĴЩ󽫾ⱳ̺棬ʴ˷׷Чдū澻ֻʵūǩƣĶֱӸˣΪǩҪǮģȻǮ࣬ϾҪˣʱū澶ǣΪʲôҪǮ¼Щū澾Ϳˡ
ȱģʴЩū֮󣬺ܿͱгˡ
ȱ̬̬ȷǳǶ֧֡
׻˵úãǹȨߵ£棬֧ΣϰյȻҲ֧Σ˭뵱ū澣Щū澣ǳмΣǵһǵĻʵۣ֮϶ӵΡµĻաƲ˹ϵȫһ˵Ϊεڵǡ
˵˭ǵṆ̀Ǵ󳼡
ЩĹٵȻԸô޸֮˻д֣ɶɶ飬ֻƶȥȡƸԽǱֿһ£ϣִвȥܶ߶ǰ䲼ַ֮ϳΪҲ֪ôҪȨ϶Сû뵽ô죬佫һ̬˭һЩҲ֪ⱳ壬Ҳһ̶ϣʹôڲ޷Ž
ǰҲǿƴһƴģڣһڧ佫ǿǰŽᣬĳڲ޷Žա¬졢ʦΤ˼ǫǶ֧һ飬ĳ֮׵ֲ˵һ仰Ȼ󻹱κݺѵһ顣Ҳ˽еһЩū澻ֻǱʾһ˼ѡ
ĳûа취Ҳֻܸڵ£浽ؼ̣ҪǻЩֲʶ佫ͺˡ
¹ǲĵģǱϣ䶼ӵһ飬ͬҲǴ̣ūǱӦǷһȻв˰ʿ𹴽ᣬͼ
ֿʼڶū˰
ū˰ʷԵģΪǵһԱڵ˰֣ǰԱǲҪ˰ģū˰Ҳڡ
˰ǴԵģ˵ԱҪ˰ֻ˵ūһʱҪ˰ˡ⳯͢ԹԱūЩ涨ģֻһֱûضѣغվó˵£Ĺū澣øƶҪΧڣǲҪ˰ǳ˾ͱҪ˰˭ôū澣һڳôū澣Իʵ̫вˡ
ҲΣϱôǵūﹻ
ɺղܣһǲǳ޼ҲһıѽһԪϣ㿴ϴ˶˳ȥ鲼ȫҪǽЩ˶ϣǷǳɹѽ
ЩԱǳв˽ͷϣ㿴°ãǸʵṩǵ
к޲һ̣ʼū澲󻯣ͷһˣȥū澣˭Ҫū澾Ҫͽ˰תֵý˰ý˰ɱ̫ˣǿЦģū澣ֱǹūѽ
澡ūļ۸ڵǣūһµЩ¹ūˣҪˣƷûȥ͵ý˰̫ӵˣǼ֣ټ̿׼̻һȫȻȫǩƣΪ͹Ǻ̫ˡ
Աûа취ıͷϣԼŪģҲֻ˵ʵǽⷢӣôǾǾȡԹˡ
Щʿ𡢵̾;ԼǳίǹԱɱƾʲô˭˭أ
׼ǷΪ
ȥҺգһףȻûмţŴԸǽͣղǣǣΪֻһִߣǻʵۣΥʥּ
غռκһˣûʵ۶ǰ档
ɾʱһ㹫ʽ˴ҵ⡣
㹫ʽҪԱū澣󻯣ھһСʹ֮䣬Ϊ˰ʱҲϸģЩСȥˣͻȻԼûʧ٣ȫǿԳܵģҲ̫Ҹ͢а壬ǾͲˡ
󳼲СҲӿɱǣǰһЩŴתͶҵ׬˲ǮƱ͹Щֱ̫ˣҪȨҲΪһȣҲֻ׬ǮֲǱŰҲͦϽһЩǿ׳ūǩƣϵľȫһЩ˰գһЩͳ𡢸Ŵͺܹµѽôȥǳġ
ȻԪҲһԱԪҲ֪¡ںնԣȻⶼǼƻõģҪҰǳﱸʳ϶Ҫȡرģ⺫Ҳ֪ʲôʱ򿪴ȥģŲΡҪ֧־ˣȾûиԪ
ҲǡʱԪұ
գ⾿ô£
ԪһգͼеʵҪôĻԪҿǽ˰󻧰
Ц󲮣Ҹһֲ߻ģֻЩͻȻûܼʱߴ󲮡
ԪǺղ߻ģ˿Ϊ洫Ժղδ£ǳСĵǴܹ˵ôҪǲܣͲҪ˵ˡ
ҪǸıãƫƫʵһı֪ǻģԪҶֻܣǳУ֪֪ܲþ벻Ҫ鷳֮С
յͷȻ˵ҪǲԵĻҲô˵ΪԪƻг䵱ŷǳҪĽɫԪһԴ˱ܣܽй¶ȥĻǿܻɷǳ鷳
Ԫֱһ֣ǶȳȥҸ˽̸
ûбҪɣ£ĵɻڱϣⲻڲ
Ԫû˵ԪЦǺǵ޷޷Ȼ¹شǻЩ֪ĺá
ԪкԪܡԪĵ뿪
ȵþʣԪŷǳʵ⾿ô£
߾
յ͢һ֮ڹ߾ǴʱðнС
ԪһȻˣҿǸгȥˡԪܹʲôæ
յ͢ôҪĿģ˶ū澵֮ͣӶǳǮֵѹЩ͢˵ôҶ֪Ļǳܵ͢𺦡ʴˣֻǵһѡڶҪԪҵİ
½֮һɿնڸ߾ĳޣΪ͢ûԪҪǣ˵мԱԹмŵ壬ֳ֧͢Ҳɵģ쾵߾ʱʮӵܱڸ߾йӦ֧֡
Ԫ˶𣿡
ЦȻǣԪұҪĿںţǰҪĵĽɽ
ģԾһ䡣
Ԫ׺յ˼
ú˵ΪʲôԪҪʳɽ͢˵ҪɢһЩϢȥóĸ֪Ԫǳŷ²ȥģķ²ǲҪ˰ģڵĹǮһֱһʷǳûйƴĻ̶Ч¡
ԪһôȥɽʳһɽĸŴ֪̺ž޴棬ǲʳǣֱӸ͢ףɽԹžͷǳԣЩдʳڴǣֻҪݣһɣľ͵شɽطȡĻܼ͹еġܹѸԸ߾ñҪȵʳ͹ȥٿ򡣡


1651 ˣ
ˣ
Ԫȫˣֻ֮ëȻ
ʻô꣬ű˼ߵ·Ҫ࣬Եα˼ҳԵ׻࣬ʲôûмΪԼںոЩμǰֻһСϺס
ķΪƣΪꡣ
˭뵽ū澣ֻΪ˵ȼ߾ĵū澱ûκιϵģĿʹɽĸ̡ݸóΪûʲôȾ͵ȡĸӽԼɱģҺ˵Ļֻù֧ɵݣ֪ý޽ȥ
ʵ棬ȻôһıҾһЩ˵Ĺ
Ե˽֮ԪͷǳʵʵԪܹõʲô
Ц˺ԴҾͲ˵ˣ߾ͰټȻֻе֮󣬵ôҲһȡ˴γݣǴ´࣬ʴǲҪûжԵȵĻرȵʱһᶨƳһ׺ı۵ǣң⻹ֻΣʱ󣬳͢ὫƬطĹȨЩˡ
Ԫȵ𣿡
յͷֻҪԸ⡣
Ԫֺ飬˻
յ󲮣뿴ԭһֱǺԵ·ˣҲΪôֽȻͲ̫ʺɳ͢ʴ˵ʱЩ£ū澽ףһ˽ɽף˵ú·ֻһʱѣ͢Щµģôͱ뽫Ȩǣǳ͢ɾӱڵصȨ档
ԪÿЦһҲ̫ˡоԼڱЩڳá
ЦǺǵ˵һģǸ˾ְľ໥ãֻ׬Ǯѣúܵڣȥڣȥڣǣָֻµı˵˱һµҲܵ˺Ҳ˻þ޴棬Ǹ
˵ˣԪ˵ɣңɣҲҵˣΪȷʵкܴԴĿǰԭԻõģ̫ˣһԸԪȥģҪǽͣΪԽ֪Խá
ЦЦ
Ԫģĵʵġ
Ȼճȥ֮Ԫĵûжһ䣬նʾҪʣҾ͸˵ȫ㣬ԪĵֱӱʾҪ˵ԪĵѾ޸˺գϾǳԪңԪҵĹѾ뵽Ĺ棬ԼµҲҪعأŲңǼȻԪǰ뿪;ʣȻҲ֪
Ȼ벻ʣı䲻ʲôʵҲУδػܸıʵ۵⡣


Ժ
ôУʽԺص˲ţôܹȥ񰲾֡
ϢԵ÷ǳɼͦϲʽӵġ
ҡҡͷΪ̫ʷ⻰̫ˣʧƫġ
Ƶ⻰ʧƫģ
ûǵʽԺʲô˲ţʲôشĹףΨһóɫһ£ǻǹټһ£ԺûʲôϵԺ˲˭Ȼǵܣ˭ҪܣҾ͸˭ƴԡ
£ƽʱͦʽܵģⷭȷ黹죬ɵʽѧн
յֽˣƷԺʿ̫ˣʽͦͨġټ񰲾Ǳ˳ټ࣬Ǽȱ˲š
˲ųиࡣ
յͷǺܶ࣬ûһҵˡ
ԾȵĿźա
Цʵ񰲾һˣѾͨһ۸ңʴ˱ҪҵˣĻǱ߾ûʲôλҵȻӦ뵽ʽܡ
ֻ߯ҲˣĽᵳӪ˽ֻĬĬ˵㹻ݡ
ʱͨԺԺʿˡ
ɡ
ǡ
Ƭ̣ʽܱ˽Ƕеһ
һʽܣҼǵڿȡʿУᵽɷ棬ɼɷͦϤ
ʽһ㶣ԣ¹ɷԡ
һ֪Щϵĸô
ʽãȻҡҡͷ
յǫ顣ЩˣǫĲǫ飬ݵ䣬۸˼ûжʲô飬ǫҪǫ飬ôһ˵ûеװ
ʽܸãȻˡ
ˣˡ
հڰ֣㽫еĶɸұһ飬ĸҽһ顣
ʽܵʺΪҪ¹ٱжɣ
յΪҲǻ飬һԺ
¹
ʽһΣӶ͸źΣĨĨȻͱĸս͡
˼ʵ˿
ʽǶԴ綼ƵƵͷǸ᲻á
ˣ
һİ壬վϲ㣬ˡ
ʽöˣʲôʱٱô򵥣Ҿôһ˵ˣҪɱǵȥˣ̫һ㡣ڨڨ飬ͱϷŪ¹ˡ
ϷŪմͳһگűµگϷŪ㣿ˣҷˣ
ʽ𾪵Ŀһگ
յݹȥԼɣʾģߪΪ񰲾ֵĲةƷΡ
Ϊӵʱεʱ򣬳޼ɶλƷϣʽֱܲƷΪƷһƷϿɾͨˣյҲ´󹦣ƷģֻŪһγȽʽܸȥ˵
ʽȻ֪ջɵαʥּϷŪ̫˼ˣϽگӹһˣһͷˮźգ⡪Ϊʲô
ΪʲôȻΪ㳤˧ѽû

ʽۿźա
翴ȥˣˣˣҲǵģŶͱϷŪˡ
շŭ˵̫ʷ͸˵Ҹһò
ͻȻӦεĿźգʣ˵ô
ЦЦ
պǺһЦֳŵʽܵʽܣúøɣ㲻ΪԼҲΪ֪֪Ϊ㣬ǱǼ˶ĵһû˯ãҪǳʲôĳЩһƵϵġ
ʽ͵һγѣȻԭ򣬵ǴϲһѽϽл֮ʽһṼ
ûУ༤˵˼Ҳ㻹ǿ˼ҡ
ʽæ飬̫ʷ¹ٿɲ˼
㲻ҪͣϷ򻹲˽ô˵ôˡ
Ĭ
ĬҲ޳ĬϷŪ˼ȡ֡
̫ʷ⻰ˡյƽʱʲôʱϷŪֻ٣ϷŪһ£Ʋġ
ʽͷû£û£¹֪ûжġ
ƼûУ
ʱһŻƷĵ˽飬Сǰ֪飬֣Ѿˡ
ʱ򡣡һЦֵȥ֣ºúϢһ£ҡ

ʽܵϿȥЩѵɣ˳ʰһ£ҽվʹȥ񰲾ֱһȥĻᱻ۸


1652 Ե˵ʴȾǶԼĲ
񰲾֣
ǵʽܣ
µʽܡ
ʽܿ񰲾ľͷĳ̴˵ǿ϶ǼٵģؼûзӦ̫һ㡣
̴ŵʽܰΣͻȻҡͷһ̾һԵĺյʹ治˵㣬ⴿԼ鷳ɷһ£Ǿ飬ϳɣôһСܳҿŶ£Ҫ˵ѽӦô̲
յ˶ˣ˵Щ
̴Ҫűµگǿ϶Ӧġǿ˵ˣҪĻζ㡣
ղͷҿҿ𣿡
仰Ҿͷˡ
̴ֳΤ۵˾ȥϤһ»ɡ
Τ۵ͷ
ʽҲεĿһֻۣջģ·˳⣬ֻûбҪ˵Ҹκ£Ҫ˺һ䱣֤Ǿˣǿ˵ʲôĸ˶ĳ٣һСܣҲֻܱš
ȵ֮󣬳̴һգ˵ģʽ̫ܿ˷ˣǺοأ
˼Ҳⷽ˲Ų٣Ҳ֪Ϊʲôƫƫѡʽܡ
վǻվ˵ۡȫݾһվŵģһԵ񣬷ǳȻĴһ񣬴óһƿ
̴ȵô֪оƣ
ջͷһۣ㼿ܸһο֮⣬ס˭мҡҡͷһһơ
ʡ㣬ʡ㣬ʡ㡣̴ʼˡ
ۻˣ
տںֵ꣬һ
㵹Ǹʡ㰡
Ҫ˵һ䣬ҾóȥȣûʼҾ쿴ܾ˾ƽ硣
㡪ȰɣȰɡ
̴ˡ
Ϣ㲻ϣģ㱳ôջͦίĵ˳̴һۡ
˼ֻЦЦֵȰ¸˵ˡ
նһƣֱһƨɳϣ㶼ףҪǽ¬Ը𣿡
̴㡪ҪզԸ⡣
˰ɡû°£ܸɳԼƳɷϲоɷûûҹĸɣǲʱʱ˿ˡҪǴ̲µһ¸صĹԱǻл˿ˣḻҪǳеЩ˾ŶЩϹԱһ˶ռ£
ʽܺѽᣬ棬ؼ׿ƣǵúţǵʽܾȫҪĸٶƲվţǾƲţвѧдúãΪҪǣģҲǸˣֺѽҪ֪ĻԼŰɡ
̴ɫһ䣬ٺЦŭҲ˵˵ѣҪ淴ԣͷˡ
պǺʡʡɣƵǲ
̴ίȻϳ̼ҶصģҲǴӵ͵Ҫġ
ⲻ֪ôһ˵Ǻȵøζƺ꣬ǾƲߵġ


硣
վǰԺǾ״Ŀڵʲôˡ
һֻһǰæ첽ӭǰȥЦǵĴ󹦳ˡ
֣С
֣УһֱǺţţΪ֣˰ºףֳڣҺܶºֻܽȥΪյҪǿǵ֣ǴİգֲǳЩ׵˾ȥִкյߣʺϲˣֵ֣٣νòʲôסҲֻܺȥ
֣й֣ǳǫ˵⻰ҿɲҵҲȵġ
æɲô˵Ҫû㣬һ˾룬롣
£֣̾˿벻̶̼ڣô¡
տЦʵЩһᷢģֻ𡣡
֣ﵱȻҲףмæ
յ˵ǳӣ
֣еͷϧʱҲڳδһ棬Ҳδ͡ΪˣҽʹıҲеģڣҴƵʧҲ㽫ֻϣܹǾͿˡ
յͷףʵҲ룬ΪΪ²δҲУıᣬڰţûнڲ֡ÿԼ컯Ϊܹһ٣ҶԴǱкܸߵ
֣вмЦһøպ෴ٳ֮УҲֻľˣĴСµĸߵͺ޹ϵһֱҵҵΪΪǣɻʲôǷ֮⡣
ЦǾ仰£ٳУÿ£ŻرǸ֮Ҳûһһ㣬ģЩٻ󣬺ǺǣǲҪ̫ĺá
֣еͷ֮
һԹһ½еô
֣Ҳڳӵԭǽеķǳ˳ūһ³ֿܻ֮ನΪ˸ƵĹУҪõū澵ģҲڱԹǷǳֵ֧ģҲʲôѣܹıūƶȣึһЩŬҲֵõġ
Цģⲻʲôģܿ죬ⳡ粨õƽϢֻˣԴԹ
֣Ŷһѵⱳĺ壿
յͷ
ʲô
߾
߾
֣еʱס¸߾ʲôϵ
ձ㽫µʼĩ֪֣С
̵֣˵ȻܣΪҪң
ֻһСС£ȴһǳıҪ͸¶ȥǳĸӰġ
ոȻƷҲֻΣΪҪİ
֣е棬Ҳܹ͢һЩʶѣæ
Եġ
ЦЦƻĹؼݣķѹģڸٷչУĹĹ⽫谭ڵķչôΨһİ취һЩ˲ֵѹ߾ڵĵɽ
֣еɽʿͷΪֵ͢ݵѹ
յͷⲻǾ͢Ҳǻرġ
ū澣
Դء
֣е㲻ôǳп𣿼ȻҴƴ˴γҪҪռ߾ôҲǱµν֮£Ī֮ĪԹɶǲȡ̬ȥԴЩˣʱȵҲ˶ԴͻʵİգΪͻʻ㰲𣿶ңҿսôİҲһֿҴƵģ˷֮١
Цֻ˵˵ѣ͢Ȼô͢ǻһԵ·ˣһֻֻ͢Դһֻ۱һֻ۰ˡ
֣Ŵ㶰Σ漴ҡͷΪɵĹ
յǰûֻΪûڳУǵõȵδͻʱκȵ۽ȫɱ⡣
֣еҵǣȵ۲ûвɡ
ǳκ֮ڣ˵κǴƵĳӣȻΪ룬ԭ붫ͻʵսУ˶ˣЩ˿ɶҴƵİգκôֻǲԭΪ˸ĴۣΪưյңĲ˵ⷬдͻʶԣ߾͸ӷ޳쾵۵ǵĵʴ˲ŻʧأǿݶԴǣǸԭΪɥʮ򣬶ʮԸô


1653 ǰ²֮ʦ
֣Ȼ
ǿ϶ҪģȻ˵Ҫ̳һʱ߾Ѫܵһ˽ᡣ
ɱͻɱ㡣
ûеѡġ
㱣סǵ񣬿ܻľɥ治ἺΪˣ޴ʮֵ޴
֣ǾӣҲ޴Ϊ߾Ҳȷʵһ޳Ĺң˵ȥģһߣֿʼQһˣҪķѶ쾵۾ʴƳȡ峯Ľѵ߾̸˵ʲôҶֻȥжϣǷҪȥ㣬ʵҪʲô
Цܼ򵥣һʱգһᰲһϵȥɽʿʳóɽԸ˵Ļ°빦ģҿ㱣֤ɽʿ彫˵ң߾ƽɽʿʼвһأǽȡһݵĲԣ󻼡
طϵЩʿ˼ϻǱȽؾɵģƾԪ볤˵ջ󣬺վûǲȣ֣ȥ˵ǣеȷͼġ
֣˼ΣͷҴӦ㡣
ȻĿǰûе򣬶ǲܼģ̫żˣҵĻɣǴݵɣϸӼƻ£һͻƣԣеκ˷ܸеģֻɹ֮ŻˬУһǧ
ЩѾȲΪ˳ﱸˣ˾
ѧԺĶýңӭ˲ٹ͡
Ϊ׵ĴƵľаƃʷ䡢٩ͬơѦʹ󣬵һɴ󽫡
ϾҪˣܵȽսԡսźãûпڣֻܽѧԺڸһ£ΪЩ˶ǾѧԺĹʣ￪Ҳͦġ
˾գ˭û
ѦʹƺڵʲôˣΪõ˶ѾˣǺʵ
ٵһһˡ
䣬һˣ˾գ鵽ˡ
롣
Ƭ̣ձ˽ԼĽȭһ񣬵ȴЩСʵ˾գսкηԸ
ЦΪԸ߾սƻ
ҡͷо֮£ҿɲóҲﲻʲôæֲһ䣬Ǳ߻æģпոЩ¡
ƃҲɲôһĹ٣ֲ̣
ۣҲôҰɣնʱһΣȷʵ̣µþǴ̣⵶ۣϻ¹Ȼͱ»ǹŵùǺҿ׼ʴ˲
ƃʵ̵ݣ𣿡
ƃˡ
յݵ£ֻҪҲһհģλġ
Ǻǵˣͱ˵Щˡ
Ŷ
㶣ܾЩֵֹġ
ֻҪݳﱸãǾѽʲôսƻֲ̫
ŸλҲ֪ɶϢ߾ټһͼԿҴƣʴ˱Ѿҵһйע£һҪδѣֹб䡣
˵ѾΪʱҪĽվضԴǾʴҲֻ˵ԣֻδѣʵսƻ
ƃֵ˲һȺôкξգ
Ƴƃʵ֪𣿡
ƃҡҡͷ˵ڵϡ
ƾʲôô˵Ǵδ֣ȻսҴƣһЩֶΣһҪضԴĻֻԼ
ƃһЦˣȴǲΪ⡣٩ҲˣУͻԶ߾ֻڵϣûȥ
͵͵ƃﰵЦҪвǻʵ˼˵ǺӣǴʱҲһҪΪӣǲ㹻ɳ߾ġ
ֵһµö֣Ǹ߾ǶԣϤˣڴ֮ǰҪܽϻسδܳɹԭҲϷĿġ
ʵϻسȻջ޴ش˸߾˲ٸ߾ľӣûдﵽĿģһССĸ߾δĿ꣬һʧܣֻô˵ΪϻسϾͳ˧ģ˵ʧܣΪӣǲô˵
ƃҲԵЩΣû¸߾Ƕԣ˵ǳ裬ܹôǿУƫƫû߾
ֵϻس߾Ҵܽһ£Ҫԭһǹڴ⣬ǶΪ߾ǵ֮ǴȫѹסȫƵУʴǳսУǽıڹǰկ棬׵ķʽӶΪóսƾԽսǳʤǲΪӪȴ
˸߾»߾һǳصĿģҪĳһסǣҪΪ˼ҰǽĽŲԴյĵʱɲսˣԼ̹֮֮ȡʤ
ٳ߾ҾһȡѵƲȫ֮ߣҪƾƣ뾡һа취Ϊأʤǳܹ򹥣£಻ɾҪսپǸ߾սȻʤǣսȴԶҾǲͬʱ߻սģҪĹƣɢǵıȻһΧߡ
ѦʹǷ׷׵ͷʵƾΪóսΪƳԶԶûкôȫܹҲʮ򣬻һ룬ʮ򣬾Ѿ˼ˣƳҲǳʮ򣬶ҲǴ߾ʴƳñȥѵģֻӻԣսȡػأս
ȻٵĻװ϶Ҳ;Ƴ׶ǷǳõģƳʱ򣬹ʴҪƾʮ򣬸߾ҲʮǸ߾û棬߾üƾıֿΪ߾սûƳǿγǶ࣬ƼǷʲƷΪγװǳ˵ף·ͲˣʵܹԱЩʿѾˣǵҲΪһڷҲΪʲôƳսУͼǧ˵ͻϮȻֱȡʤǾսԡ
ֵͣ߾ɽؾӶ࣬·䣬Ҹ߾ÿÿԭսȡҰսȴҲʲô⣬Ҫʤݽٵһ⣬ǵ취⣬Ļ޷Ӽãһ뵽أ⽫һǳΣյģصĸޣȫû֪ǶԴкο
ѦʹƳƶսУȡ߾ټãӶл߾սپҲ̽·̣Լݵĸ
ԵͷȻƼһǰɳ̣ʵ֪ζԴкο

һҶһ㡣
˵˵
ǲҪ˵ġͻȻߵһԣɳõƴ˳ſɳ棬ɳ
ֻǳ棬ԴҲǳڴ׷۾š
ĺһվˣ
˷׷׿ƺڵȴʲô
ͷҡֻǾɳŪ̫ˣȫƸ߾ĵΡž뵺ͼ͸ˣӡеĻҪףʵܲˣȻûʲôǿ֢üƻһҪϽɳҲǳ֣ǲ̣
󣬷׷ðһͷ亹ǲˬĿ
ǵôãϧϻ飬ľĳٵĵ̣һĹôţ
ҲǲƵĿ⣬Ͼ֮仹ôһԹģܲǽⷢӣЦԴɿתզأͻȻһȻǿЦģʵɡҾáˣŶҾѦ˵úܶԣûȫ˵͸
ѦʹԸꣿ
յȡټõսԣҲý͵ټȥ½·϶вͨģôֻпˮ·ͣȻˮ·ܹټãҲԴﵽκһ㣬ǽȫȡˮ·͵ĻǿֱӴݡݽʳ͵ȥ߾ȡҰûסߣҲͷ
˵һЩƴʶˮ½·λ뿴ɳ̣Ǵ½·͵ĻǷǳԶģӺĻҾǸտʼ븹أʵ붼࣬½·͵ĻҪ̺ܶ࣬Ҵֻ½·޷ȵģĳɱήһϣһܹҾĻԣһܼͺڵѹΪʲôҪɳ̵ԭ򡣡


1654 Ѻ
˵֮ˣǶĿ⼱ɳ̣ԵЩССļ֪Լˣɵһ
ðΣʵΪմ˼Σ
ҿС
Ѧʹͷ⺣ȷܹҾĻԣǳʺҾóͻս
Ϊĸ߾ڰ뵺һɶƳ·ҪΧǲưȦټǱߵĿǰǺֱӹϽģ˲嶼ǲĹʽ·϶Уԭׯ֮𣬵˸߾͸ˣĲͣ⵱峯ûн
ѡ͵Ļһ㣬ǼĽԼɱһƥܹʳһܹͶʳͲһң뵺ǳģҷǳխģʴ˺úã̫ˡǣ߾ֻسǣƾȥ谭ƾɳ̲ôȥգҷߣ߾ʹҲ
ƃͻȻźյ飬벻㻹ЩӰ
ֱ۵лԵĿ佱
ƃЦü
ʷȴ⺣䰲ȫôһѼӣ뿪һжеͦġ
٩üͷʵϻس߾ʱȵҲ˺䣬ֻǽʳ뺣ӪݣڻӪݣԱĲԣҪʳںžһǴʳҪ͵ѶȿҲǲСѽˮ½νǢϣΧͷսⶼҾδԹġ
ѦʹֵһԷˮʦǵݲܹݲȵںд
ƃǵȹȡټã⺣һսǱ޿ɱܵģϻˮսУǲ˵˴󲿷ˮô
ѦʹǲҪǣҲˣҪټãɴʿǵǵˮʵһŲ֪ǾС⣬ҪȡַʽĻˮʦУҪȵȽԷˮʦˣǵĲܹǳ˱ˮʦȴδȡóɹǻѾء
ͬƵҺ䣬ǶƿأˣǺã
ܿ죬ɡܽΪƼľޣôҶں仹ǱȽϵǵģ·ȻоѣܹƿԼ䣬һҪүɫݣǱĶһӳ٣Ǻġ
÷ǳ棬ѧϰѧϰЩΪ˽̣ͷǰУԺҲеģһ浶ǹĸɣǧóģҲӦñܿģѧϰЩʱ˼άʽһҪĻװɽȥˡ
ǧǻϣѧϣÿˣܺûǶǧѧϰĶ
ţͻȻֶա
ǺģȴôβʺյĿ
յʱסȫΪ˺ƹأҲİ˵һģҶ΢һЦλ֮ô˵Ϊ˳ƽǳɱ⺣½·һҪ࣬ôҾһ᳢ԣΪԶȥԵĻôԶУһõͻƣ⽫ΪʡһǮģҲΪʲô฻̶ԸԺһǮٶҲһȽĹ棬޾ġ
Ѧʹս
յʱһƵǼȻ֪սΪҪˣ
Ѧʹ󵱼Զԡ
ֵλǻ飬ҵְǰǳﱸʳͣȥӦÿǵģҵĽ鱾ͲרҵҴ֮⣬ǲҪ̫ˡ
ƃߵʲô
Ϊտ˿
ͻȻ˵ⲻ٣ϷΪյĽҲδɡҷž˵ˣҾսҲҪʤҾȻȱٺľ飬Ǹ߾Ҳһ벻ǻôСǷУҵȽԲϤˮսȥפݵĽ⣬Ҫռټãͱ붯ˮʦ⺣һսǱ޿ɱܡһҶڳԣѵЩͻһô
УԳˣֻǫ˵ҿǻ鰡Ըȥί
ȴǲܣֵƣҲССһҲҴƱ϶ô˳ٸģҪĻͱɺʱ䡣
Ѧʹ˾˵ò⺣׸룬Ӧ취ȥٷգǷ
ཫҲ׷׵ͷ
Ĳ룬ʵǶܷŭģһϵĺҲ̫ͷ϶̫Ҳǵˡ
ջҪĿģȷսƻҲ˵ǲҷҪعƾóսټȫ֮ȥ߾
ʵǺбҪģΪһʵԼԶĵʱѡȴ˵úһ㣬ҪԾʵȥѹˣһĻͻһ⣬սǸ˫ʵȷģǿԼóܶʤսۣͨΪ˫ʵ
ϾǶʮȥһСʱڶԷǱߣۺʵͻѹĵز
ͨһ飬ȷսķսϿӶԷսϣǵӶԷҪ߾ͻҾǿսȥǡ
֮ֵסգһȥ㱨ɡ
ûε׼ԣȻٿּĻ飬Ȼģȥλ㱨ϾѾԼΪͳ˧
յûбҪɣֲЩȥ㱨ɶ
¾Ҹ֪֮⣬һܸ˭ȥ
ǡǺðɡ
յͷ
ǵ
£˴λҾԣջСһµͻơ
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ҲһĿ
óݵļƻϸֻŵ㣬Щ׶ˣֲֻᡣ
ҲЩףʵȻǱϲѽ
Ҳ̫£Ӳ⺣䣬ֻ˵úеգգһܹΪҾʡһܴ߾һֲƻҾҰսԡ˾治ҴƵһͳ˧
æ£˼ƷϳģǺġ
ŶһĿգЦգ㻹ز¶
ЩͻȻоԼ뵽ȥˣﲻԣ˵׼£ﶮộ㽨鶼ǳ˵˼ά
ˣ
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Ҳȵд˵£
ͷֵһ£ؼжһﱸ䡣ǡǡÿ춼£ʴ˺鲻ܹﱸݣƻϳɺͳܴ˴γĺڡ
ոȥô飬ҪȥѺٰղûһѪæ£򲻿ѽ΢ֻΪﱸݣһ£ʲô
ЦǫˣʷǺ³Ǻ鶽ݵôһ湦ǵõʱ䶼ںмӰ
Ϻ꣬Ծһζƽ֮ãѺĹУ仰˵õƭѺëϵֲ˵ԼȥƽģȻҶ֪ǸϽΣ˼ˡ
ۺգΣգ˴γԼƶԣǷǳҪѾŸ󶼻նȥɶ׼˴սۣȥͳܺһ£ӡ


1655 һһ
ЦĿˣ
൱ԼмＸΪΪһǧǲƭԼģԶʲôʵʲôǻﱸʳֻǺΪģ滹֪ʶԴƤë֪ԭϻس߾ΧκһֻڳƹһУǰߵ¾ͻǽȥܣ治֪Ϊʲôκϣ£жĶҪˣ̫ˣĵ£
һ̧޴˷ҲҪ޵ߣҲܹġʵҪܵôһЩĹڱϣôϺһǳ⡣
գգۣ˹ˣҲ㽫¸ˡѽǿ϶ҪֹģǲİֲȥȰΣ⵼Ρ
ôѵ䲻Ըһȥ
⵱Ȼǡ
Ǿˣ¾ôˡ
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ǵվͷǳ˾գҾ治ףΪʲôƫƫҪȥĲ̫ڣⲻսϷô
ΪϷսϷ
ȻᣬҲŸеⰡһ
Ц֪֮ʲô𣿡
յȻͰ
ҲҲڰ֣֮̾£ǳﱸݣӹ񣬶ս۶ǰݲ棬ǡǡΪóģ㻹ǻ飬λǰߵսʿҲðһЩٲẦ¶ӡ
ƵڳҲΪﱸݰ
Ҳ˵ˣ˴ݽԳɽڵĻϷܹģǣ㵱ھѧԺδսϷһֱŵģƳ籸Ϸܹڴ˴սУᵽеδսԴϷڴѡ
δս
㶡
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ģ˵ô໰ʮоžǼٵģΨһһãǸҷ˵ЩǵôࡣȻᣬҺ˵ôһˣҵǷǺЩѧģҲţҰɣڨڨ˾գҲ˵ˣδսǵ¡
˵δϷΪǳҪֻҪƾȥڣϷŴʿ֮
պ޲ø£Ҷ֪զ¡
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ļƻֻʳﱸãһ£ôֻҪݳﱸã򲻴Ӯ͸û̫ĹϵȻϣӮģҲһȫֵ֧ġ
ϺͿյĴ㣬ô纫Ըйһ죬һ鷣һտ϶óٷ֮ٵ֧күڣھȫõˣΪⷽչֳڳ˵ͿԷſֽȥɵˡ
Ȼǰ˵Ҳǿ׻ȷǳͺδսΪնڴ˴γһǳҪĲ䣬Ǯ˲ȥҰ
ԭ˼ǽҵƶǮˡտЦõ˾գǺαˣﱸʳļƻҪǴӮģĻǺճҵȻȫ֧㡣
ڳܹȫ֧أ
ǰ߶ΣѽÿȥǾһôҳˡһ̾Ȼ˾ؿ£Ҳֻܹˡ
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ϲٺòˡ
ֻϺꡣﰵһ䣬ȻһתѽǧټƺϴҲԽǵﶼϴ˭˭ѽԣôɣ˭ݡ
֮󣬺ձȥ
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΢ղμʺ󡣡
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˿ҿȸ֪ңĻ롣ģһȰסµġ
ǿ϶ģҲǷ޸飬սʲôпܷһиʲộҲˣĿǰʵҪΡ
չֵͷʺˡ
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£֪ʺ˼ǣ
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ͷҲΪġʴ뷨һܵǵķԣʱҲŴȰס˱ֹ
üһҪôҲ˵ѾǼϣһʱֹˣɾ͸ˮˡ
ЦټңûȰס£ôҲȰס˱¡
ȴȥԸ
һñһ
Ҳ⣬ǵǣ΢ˡ

ʺ˵ģ
Ȼô뿪һֱڹţһճˣæס
ҡҡͷʺ˼
ֻʧĵ˵ͷҲûж˵ʲô


1656 

Ǽƻϲϱ仯ѽ
վԼļƻǰ棬һӢڼƻ֦Ҷһ̾
治̫ϲͻİţǾϲǾţΪǧþȣһʱľϲҲпܻЧӦ
᲻ҵ뿪Ըأ
üͷţ࿼ǵƻ֪ڿ϶취Ը뿪ⲢļƻڣʴЩģ߾¹شӦòҴɣһǵ÷һֻ֣ҪܹȲ׽ͼԡ


ڴ˰ΣղŴڳһţոսɣľ
ʱģ
ոġ
˴кһͬ
պһȲ裬ʵΣ
ɣľǵһֱȶֻҲĹעϾūһֵǷз
յͷ˻ڱԹô
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Ŷһ˻
ɣľżһֱȱ֣һظƣǳ͢ǹԱĵԼеһЩū澻ЩūǰΪ棬ѧһЩգϻū澣żҸȥˣżҵĹģ˲١ļҡԪҡ֮Ҳ档ԹĻЩ𡣡
ЦֻҪ˲ٱԹǾˡ
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ЦԺڸ㡣Ŷȥһ£ٹһЩʱգҪһ
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Ǳ֮ǿۣӶñڲ֮أⲢʲô¡
ҪĵȻ߾ǱѪ
ȻһʱһĺϢ˳
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дд
صӵ̫ĿˣζʲȥһҪЩҰ޻ء
ڿδҲһЩ飬С£ʲô
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ηŭĽһˤǰ档
ڶ֪ʲô£ĶҲǺ⣬æǷһʱҲŭɫ
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ԭģȻûʹֻ͵ݶ̽˸У԰ټѾƲٶ԰ټñĻơ
տգ̲סЦˣ⻹ѽ
˵󳼴ӦǱ͸ṩһôõĽڣֱӦϣϡ
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¬졢ʦһۣƺûôɣվ˳ͬγ뵺
ڸǱףƿڴҪƽǺܺӵģоһ˳࣬ĶͬƷҲȷʵĹ֮סƳҲڴô뵱޼ڵʱܱ߷ʹֺó޼ɣܳ޼ɣΪĹ֮ףͽӵôһţǼѽ
һֱûʲô̸أΪŵǰټûֻһڶѣҪ˼ҪƽƽƳһ㣬ôҲؽΪΪȰټû
˵Ƴζ̲ˣοʱƳǿʱ򣬾ެڱϣǶƳģôаƳģ඼ѾƳˣҲʣһ߾һҪôŵĽаƣһ裬ٲӦĻƳƾʲôܱ߹Ҹ׳Ƴ
ͺ͵͵һ͸ϲ֮ɫ̫ˡ
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εͬ̽һſڴձ棬ǡǿ벻̣
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ʵڹŴͦģΪ̫ͨˣϢıȽΪԼţ峯ô˵ôʵƾ͸Ӳ˽ǴʵǿƬİʴ˴ƿκιǶе
ְһ߾Ѫ𣬽峯ʿ߾²֮αŰŵʱ磬֮󣬾ʬǶϡ
쾵۵֮ȥ߾ģöҲǹӵܣⳤ͹Уܶյүү涼ڸ߾һʲôʲô޶ˣƳİտǷǳ뺷ģָΣ뵱ȵλʱʱʱ̼̿һѪ𣬶㼴λ֮󣬰ɶۣ֮żССһ£̫Բˡ
Ҳ룬ɶۣ֮Ҳ˳ӦģΪ꣬£¹ҿ磬ȻĻҲǵڶ峯κͳ޼ǵ£ŶȹһѹصģټϺյƶų׻ָҸһ¥£ָΣʵûеġ
Ҫ԰Ϊأ̰ѹҶˣնûзˣʹɣǲԡγɹǩ̴Ԩ֮ˣ˶˵γɥȨɹ̴Ԩ֮ϣγȴ̴Ԩ֮ˣհҵǳԣÿɹ깱ܹ׬ս֮
ϣָԼΪҪȥ򣬹ʴҪΪ⽨Ͳ⣬û֧֣һУĻǱ
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̫ѻȸȺһ±ƵĿΣʣܲջظղ˵Ļ
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ֻޱȵΣôûлӦѽˣҲ̫ˣǣٸһλᣬߺʥ
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㲻棬ҲӲͷѽö˳֮壬ϵŽɽ𢣬ðգջس
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ٴ󳼶վ˳
εƽɶȵ־ΪӣӦΪԸѾԡ
վ£ȵ۴λڱ£ϣܹƽɶΪҪϣܹùңðհҵʹҴܹǧƽɶֻΣգ˱ĩãТ֮١
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¬Ҳվ£߾ǵ֮Ҵԣ˲ѻʯǵ档ЦҴӣûҴƱȴ
֮вٴվԴǼԡ
ķԣҲеһЩѹһĸաʹɫ֧ޣǿ˵õġ
˭˵õģֻ˵ó߾ǿûдӦ㣬֧
ͺǶװ˯֣ײȲ֧֣ҲԣȨû
ɽùǺѽֻԼûʵۣȻûһ֧֣ŭһ˦䣬ֱˣӲЩûʶ泼˵ˡ


1657 治ҵķ
ʹ뿪䶼Ϊ⣬ɢ֮󣬴ǻΧһ𣬱ʾܴӦʵⷨڣҪԣʵҲûа취
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дƽʱ̫ºˣ޷죬˶ޣĲǡ
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൱ҪʱȻҲ˷ԣҲûԣûһ޳ɵģôڰʾôǳգ̫ˡ
ⲻ֪ΪһʴشҲԣû񵱳Ͳô˷ԣʱûдﵽĿ꣬ȷʵ˸߾Ҫô棬ǼǳԲǴôҪǮġ
ææϻһȻ֪Ϊʲô£Ҳװ֪ʧ£ʲôأ
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ɫ΢˼֣ҲףƽɶǸʵԸҲһֱģްɶ֮ʱٷ飬ɴ˾ٷԸǵʱȣҲ֤޾ʱһ죬һϳģҪҲҪƽɶľģǵΪǰ㡣
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⣬¸ողŲãǴʱҪȥ߾ɽˮ˵󲻾Ļһ۳Ͷ٣е岻ʣսͿܸȻֹʱҾʿɥҪָ߾ֻǷǳѵġ
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˵΢΢һЦ˵˴γܹƽɶʷѵһʹ쾵ͷô
Σһ仰˼̰⹦εĵͷ˵úܶԣЩͷ˺Ϳ˴£Ǳ
һЦҲ֮Ȼôô˵ǷǳбҪģΪһнʿд󳼡ն֪¶Դ˴γӣܼĹʿ
ѽЦҡҡͷ


ǣΪһţû˽ūһ߾һΪⲻʲôĻݵģҲܲдôһ޴Ƴն޷ġ
ǰ˺մæԭ׼֮ϵѾҪ÷ǳɣС
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˵˶٣ַûʲôݣֻܴԼݣҵǣϻ̫ʥϹ߾ݰŻǷǳ׵ԵĶͬһǿ棬̫ʥϵҶ죬ӦûǸϵü
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Ϊʲôʱ¿ЦѾ׼ˣȡ
Ŵȵ⡪ô֪
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ŴҵȻ֪ݶɢڸأǻؽǰߡ
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ЦȻЩҪɽЩӦ֪ģڵؾӪ֮ãʿĵׯ԰һ޼ʵģݶѻɽҲǷţͻ̡
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ЦǺǵǸô
ŴһĿźա
յһˣı£ÿ˴ӿڴ潫Ǯͳǳˡ
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ŴһǳɫĹԱҾḻ֪̻ҴѹҪɺյã赭дǺǳ漣һ⽫ոѣҲ̫һ㣬Ҫ
ûɽѵ˶ûôҲǿȰȥʳôδһȥƳʲôū澶ˣ۰գ˼𣿡
Ŵգգۣһ˵أɼг񣬶Լ˵Ҳ˵ˣҪ˴ҲǺȥ


1658 ܱ
Ҫ֪һսͱ뵽ļƻڣɼǷǳҪġ
ʵŴҲΪ˶ȡԴѰռ䣬һһֱûб˭Ҳɵû´棬ⱳ϶Ŀĵġ
ƬϣõضѾƳռˣʣµǶһЩɽˮĮڣ֮ء߾ȻҲڣԭǲҪȥǱ߾סġƳ߾ΪԴռ䣬齱˺˯Ϊ߾ԭǾһô򵥡ʵ߾ҪԸ⳼峯쾵治ȥΪûʲôͼģʺĵطĻΪǰһδʧܣ߾ΪԭǳĹ
ʴУܴĸǶȥⶼһԴս
ǴӺյļƻһԴսǳŸ߾ԴȥģֻΪεķṦΰŲԸ
ԭȻط֣Դֶ࣬ǶҪôڳ͢УҪôڹУĿǰռеԴǷǳǳ޵ģԺԲƣΪ⽨ԴǸݵλģ΢ǲӵдԴҪչƷõĻоһҪԴڹȥʵۺ͹ԴûʲôֻȥɽˮȡԴ
߾Դ͢϶ǿϵģҪȻεҲӦôˬ죬ֻҪǳǮ߾һжԷָǣΪδ߾õطͣҪǽϵĻ˭Ҫ⣬ĻὫˣǸ߾޵Դȴ㵱˶ԴĿ
Ƶľһ㣬Բģʵһֱı
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տһĻ뵽Լǣźͺ龰һЦ˹ȥӥշżѽ
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ԪһȵҲҪȥξ
ԪûûôɵԼȥΪʵ۳󣬲ҲȥǱ档شǸҪȥҪСӴӦ㣬ϣֻҪǮﶼȥʱǸӻǮһҴϼˣ˴ɺδ̵ģ
ԪһһҪ򴬣ǱôУǸһȥǡǹùǱߡ
ԪյɱָȥùáǾ˵ȥյģ㿴øô⣬̫Ҫ˱ˡ
Ԫһ˼⵹Ҳǣøسţɥһ⣬е
ʵͷԲСԪһ̫ߴһ㣬֮£ԵñȽС


1659 ս
ǱߺȥҵԪԪĵʱһ£ϼһΪⷽԪһֱ׼Ѿµľ飬ԪҶԣʲô⣬ֻ˵ܷϹԪܡԪĵûʲôգҲĵģǿɲ£Ҳڰ͢ԪôֻҪõԴһ
ȻôаգȻҲ˵ʲô
˺ϼ֮¾͸
ͷϳֵһĻԭʱͷڣǽ겻ͬͷͻȻͱʿʼװֱӱϣԪҲ洬һ鱱ϡ
ͷΪעĵطʴ˴ºܿʹ˳ǡ
ҴҲ֪ⶼǹмŵĴʻ϶ԪҵģмŵĴӣԪҵƷǺٹƺԱģһ㶼ǵһߣͻȻȥĪʱ˺治ѡ
ʱһƬ֮
гһڣֻǮ󷽡ļסֵȳ̶档
ԪǴʲôϾҪˣҶڶڻ׼µˣԪȴͻȻϣʵ˸еѽѽ
ǾûȥôǮ󷽺
ֵǰյʹԪܣֻ˵˵ݡݵȵأΪʲôҲûϸ˵
򴺵ԪԪҵˣԪҵһǲ뿪ģɼС°
ͻȻʵ㲻ʲôûжٻǰЩӸմɽǱ߻Ԫҽڻɽ׼ʳװ
ʳⲻܰɣ
Ǯһɽط֣Ҳûзʲô˻ǲȱʳģʳ˵Ǳȥͼܻý˷Ѹȥ̣еϤˡ
üѵǡ
ʲô
õģֲ̫ȷ
ļ˫Ŀһѽ͢ǴҪ߾Ƕ˵ضô
Ǯ󷽵ⲻܰɣ̣⳯͢Ԫʲô¡
ɲô˵˵ԪҾ͢ģԪǰҲʸ͢ô
ⲻܡֱҡͷûпɽǹģԪҪҲܾôࡣ
˵ΪΣ
Ҫ֪ҾͲˡ
Ǿģһè壬Ԫҿɲǳصġ
ڤ˼ѽ
ȻͻȻ⵵ϣԪͻȻʳ˵ǵȵأҿ㲻Ǿ͢ģҲʮа˾Ҳ˴γ͢ĪĹϵ
Ǯ󷽵Ƿ׷׵ͷǱ߳͢ոմϢҪ߾ԪҾͼǱսʣɺϡ
ļ׵ҪǾĻԪͼɶ
ǮͻȻ˵᲻ūѽ
ū澣˻˵
Ǯ󷽵͢ǰ䲼ū˰ôū澿ǲܶǳ͢δ澡ūÿشֻ̣Ҫ˴ӮˣЩǶὫٷ²ȥмūū澿ֵǮˣԪǲȵǣսǰʳ͢ȡū澣
Ϊūһֵ÷зܿ¸ϵˡ
༸գգۡ
ԶԶԣô¡ļͻȻ˵
ߵѹԪڵģϵԵԭ㰡
ͱ˵ū澣ļҲȱˣҪԪңҲ᲻š
ôõ£ɲԪҶ̰
̾˿ϧһ촬ģûɶʳǮҪЩʳҡΪ˸ƣҪ촬ֻȱ̫Ը⻨Ǯūˡ
ǮЦӦ
ֵ˵ƹҲǵģǮɶ򲻵ɽôʳΪɶҪȥʳȥǱ򲻾ͳô
һѽôû뵽
Ǯð룬ǹеһֱɽ˷ѣȥǱȷҪĶࡣ
ȴⶼֻǵĲ²ˣһ¶ûȷδ̫ԶһЩҪǻȥҺС㡣
⺫տڳеģµȻҺС硣
ǺЩ˷׷ȥǱߴ̽յȻ˵Щ֪һʹΪ˴ս򵥵Ļǿ϶۵ġ
ǼûгϣҲûзϣ㣬ǿ
ǶЩ˶ԣ͹ˣ
Ȼʱٿ˾飬Ӽƃࡢ٩ʷһ佫Ȼкա
Ŀʼξ͸ߴңԼ
˻һǳһŴʯͷЩ佫ɲԼһ飬ҲǶԼȥԵЩΣҲԼûһУȻǲЩȻҶ޳ɣǾͿ϶еġ
ѯսƻ
ЩǶԸ߾սƻ뻹ûб䣬ȡټã߾
Ȼһûټ֮ǰ˳Ǳɶ߾ѹͽѸ£ҪԸ߾ͬʱɽȥͻʾӪһִѹø߾رɶƾţϾȥȰټãΪǱ߰ټѾõټϸ߾ԮǺѴģƳҪȥټõĻôʿȥ
ȵƃʷ䡢٩λȥɶͻʺӣݵˮʦս½·ֻ𹥣ټòҪĿģƃͰʷ䱾ͻʹ壬ֻܽȥ졣ˮʦǽԸͳ˧޾ټõξϹȥն
֮նȥټãҪǿǵնھе͵λ̫ߣַǳһģնƃЩ˷ŵһնȻһȣôľ²ܾܿ޷ӳηǳնҲնεͳ˧λϣһ棬ʴθɴȥټãһ·ȫն
⣬ȻûдǼֽȫͳܣǿɲܷѺ٣Ѿ䲻ϺĵλǾ⺫Ϊɶİʦרܺڣ۹˼ѵΪʹ
ټ֮ǲͳ˧ս
֮ͻȻվһ˵λһҪסսͣǸ߾֮ţһջ٣ѯޣ˷ֻһĿģǾǳ׵߾
Ϊ߾кܶǰƵģһȥͣ˵ƳְֶԸ⺰ʦسִһһأʲôʿûˡ쾵ۿǰ֮εȻҲ¸߾ʹ֮ƣһ£йǱͻʵʹһһأʱ˷ˣû⣬ھηǳȷĸǣսͣûѡǧ͵Ҫ͵øЩĳͷ۵ģǲҪ߾ǾֻһĿģ߾ϸ
ɼʵųڶñ棬Ƿǳҵġ⻰˵ʵųֻһֶζѣҪǲųĻ޼ɻ治һ
ˣȻǳܣΪЩֻộ̸Ƕĳ£ĳͻȻһӽŪϲϣ²µģôţһжüȷһ·򵽵ס


1660 ţѺ
ա
ξʽѸ£ƽҪɶɵȻ˵Լ̰ͼ˵תìܣ˵ѩޣѸ£ɲôǳɣ̫ûдɣʴ˻񵱳һ˵ǡ孴󶨣Ψһ硣Ϊ߾ڰ뵺ռɶһأⲿֵھйģ¶ƽڲƽҲƽˣʣһСطʱջˡ
ƃΪɶоܹܣնΪоܹܣʷΪֽоܹܣ٩Ϊоܹܡоǣ⺫Ϊɶʹ
ֻƣø߾֪Ҫ㣬ҲƫʦɧţǴٽɵ׼ѱ㣬ͱȥܰټˣŰټҲܹġ

ôȥѺ٣̫Ʋˡ
ֵȥѺԹ
ɺջδ֣ʲôѺ٣·ǷΪʹ۹ĸ٣㻹֪ô
µŮû˼ֻϻؿһ֮ʷǺ³¹Ȼűެɼ;ԿԵһоܹܡ
ˣͲ˰ɣհڰ֣ѺʲôãȣȫΣλߣ˭ңǶõͷ
²Ѻʲôλ
յͨѺٵȻûʲôλҲͬǰʹǵĿ˭Ҫǰ˵ҾͲʳ̴ǺڣҲͳ˧
򴽵ô
ÿ˭
ȿȿȣ
ȥˣ¿ɱЦڿֱӹغʿɵԴΪأ򲻿¡
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ĨźҪȥ
һЦ㻹סˣҲͼʹ죬ûô
Ц˵ǣҵȻô˭ָҲôأ
һЦ˿ѺٵҲǵá
ǡպٺٵ
ȴĸˣʵʱ
յ⻹õһЩʱգһЩҪ׼
ͷֵкβģңҵһЩ顣
ЦǣС֪ˡ


ѧԺ
۹
׼ѧԺŵ˼ѵź˽ͷһֻƃ밢ʷ˹æȭƃʷǽ
ƃһִļϣ˾ô
˼ѵҡͷǣϿεġ
ϿΣʷ侪ȵµѾˣ㲻ӦøȥôôϿΣǿϾҪˣǽ̶ˮʦսľϸڣ͵뿪ˣѺٻϿΣֲ̫ˣ
˼ѵεģѧԺϾҪĩԣȽһ¸źá
ƃջǲ֪أ⿼ҪͲһ¡
ʷǴ׶ϣǵݿɶСӹܣǺð
УУȻǵø˾˵˵»ˣҪǹӦϣ˵ʤˣܱסɾǲˡ
˼ѵûԵúΣʵҲͬϾҪˣȴһûƵãеĺܣҲȥҺǺղΪ⣬˵κʱ򶼲µģٴһѹѽ˵ʲô
ȻʵѧǴʱҲĸϰЩ֮
Ҫ߾ˣϧûǷݡ
ƃڿǰһԴ̾
ѽĿǰò˶ãܱߵĵ˶øɨƽˣʱǱҵˣҲûи˴ǻѧ

ԣһ꣬˵ã
ǿɶ뽨ҵϸһ룬пܵȵǱҵ˶ѾˣǾͺˡ
ףô̾
˵
͵һ̧ͷȥֻһ˽
Ժ
ԣ
֣һôɥѵΪǵĸ׵ǣ
ƃ̵ҵս޲ʤŲҪΪ֮ˡ
ҲǷ׷׵ͷ
յ̾ʲô
˭˭̾أ
ǿû̾ǸԺ˰ɡ

ʸڷϡ
𣿡
պɵĿһۣҲûжʣ̨ϣʵϾҪˣǸϰô
ηǳҲںǰԲѣǻúܲҵġ
ƃͻȻԺԾİɣ
˻һһѧԱʱջһ
ûֽϵĹҿܾͻǣǲֽǿԳţԾҿͳˣҲ̫Ҫˡ
ǳһֻҪ㲻ϣǾɶҲûС
ֵֻʺϸϰ
ɫһϰͻجΡ
ЦǺǵѾµҴеĿġ
ҪϰƃһʹĴ󺰵
ҲࡣЦŵͷģѧô񲻴ĻҴ㡪
δ˵꣬ƃµԺҾѧò

ѽ΢֪ʶûдﵽϰĵزֻʺȦ
µ١ٹ꣬ꡣ
ŵ赸
ɼϻϰ¶ôӰ
ѵѵ֤Լô
룡
ȫѧԱͬ
£аɣҲǿǣȥðʣ˭Ըһȥɶ
ɶ
ҵ£æʵԺ⡪ɶʲôϵ
Ŷһģ·Ϊʹרܴ˴γĺ֮£ҾѰ˼ŴӾѧԺЩȵĸһȥ
˵ϰ𣿡ƃ
û˭˵ϰ˵Ҳ࣬¶һģһ𣬾ϻǼٵģġ
⻹вҲࣿ
۷Ź⣬ƃһȵĿźա
Ժȥɡ
ҵڵһ£
ңҡ
˶˹ȥסյĴȡ
ۡǻǽͷݣ紵ߵ
ٺ٣
ƾηǣǶ治ɫĵ̬
ֵϻϰʴǲŶʸ񶼲룬ģμӾܹμӵģһῴɼģ˴ĩԣǰʮʸһȥɶ
ԣⲻƽʷ޼
պֺЦѧϰо̵ģǵĳɼΪ׼Ҫ⻹ƽʲôŽйƽŶ֪ˣǲ˵ðս֮ı׼˭ٴҾ͵ô˭ȥ
ͬʱһ£⽫֮ҲǵجΡ
ûҿû˼ʷһƵ
ԸǣĻϻϰǮͰ׻ˣԭôֱӣΪ˳ֵУǸϰˣȥİ࿴
˵꣬ת뿪ˡ
ʷ޴һͻȻϽó۾ԲĶţ޲ý̽ȥ
һԵҵСʷǣõˣ

ʱ֡
ƃһɽǼý˳ʵھӪ濪ˣΪʵ۶ѸˣѾǶýҵ豸ɱǾκһ豸ҪȫһЩȽˡ
ǰ棬ѧ¿ΣֻЩѧﶼ߶ɶ֮¡
Ըк档
ʷʷһ飬һߣһ߿ţһҶʲôʱôùˣжҪˣæޡ

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ʷڸʲô
ϰ
ô棿
ʷޱ㻹ģһ˵ʲôҲȡȥɶʸ񡣡
ʷһ㵣ʲôȥɶ
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ƃȽֶ
ҡͷϷҲ֪
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ϻϰ㶼Ūȥɶȥȥȥӹһȥ
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̧ͷһֻո˼ѵʳǱȥߣȥʡ
ʵŸճڣƃʷѾ˹ȥ
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ʷ޵㣬Ҷ˵Ǹһȥɶ
æҿûô˵ֻ˵ǰʮʸһȥ
˶к𣿡ƃЩޣսûϹôʤΡѵ㲻֪˴γҴƶԣǶôҪôϷһԴ
Цʤʲôȥֻȥѧϰģֲȥµġ
ѧϰ
š
յͷо̣αҲ̵ֻܽһҪҪսѧϰһγģ֮Ƴ֮ǶԣǧѷĻᣬΪʲôȥѧϰһ¡
Եͷ˵ĻҲǲɣʮǲһ㡣ȻҲ֪ǷǳҪġ
ҿ˿ֻΪŬϰȡһóɼˣһᾡܶһЩѧǰȥѧϰġ
٩ɵÿǣսϿǳô
Цֻںתתȥǰߵģɷִ硣
ƃһֵҲ˵ѵûδôǳڼ㻹пΪЩѧ룬ù۹ﰲſһ£СҲ̫֪ˡ
ĺܣһӶǲˬңǾˡ
ƃһ£ͻȻŭ˫ĿߣӣССһѺ٣ǰš
˹ˣ˻潫ҵѺˣȥǲУǸܹܣôһѺ٣ʹʱסǣǸߺģԸһôźĹѾõʱھпûҪٱѹȥӿûˣǿӲŭҸ㣬ǰ㣬ΪҲѺ٣ҿɲ㣬ҪҶҵĻҾͲʳҺ˵óõ
ѽѽС̫ӽĲ㡣
ƃϢŭ
Ѧʹ͸٩æƃ
ˣ
ŭһǰźյ飬δҲʶˣôҪЮƃȴڣ治Сӡ
յ˾գҵȻ֪ԴΪأҿǱշİʹѺ٣Ҳǰȵģؿ໥ģҪңҵȻҲƤȥġ
ѦʹʮֺȻ亹乣ҪǾ͵úȥ
٩æվԲ飬Ҳ֣ƃֻżˣǿɶΪ˿ǸŬ
ƃۺͣǳ嶯ʱ򣬻һЩ飬⺫Ҫһ֮Լɾˣ»治ܿЦ
ռЩˣϽþգЦǺǵҵȻ֪ҲλģҺձûУǻǮʳ⣬ȫòģұ֤˴εľҴƽӦԶΪ㣬ΪḻΪóԵģһǴ˴γһֱĸо
ף̫ˣ
ѦʹǼԲѣţƤ촵ˣѽ˭ǮѽǮѽңѺҪأϸ£ҪÿѺٶһƿ
Ը˵
˾ģҺˣԳΪӲƭˡһ
ӲƭˣĻ԰ǿҲǣЦҲǡ
ֵҪûб£Ҹ۹ʧˡ
ͷ
Ƕһߣƃ̵˾գɲУɲУҿԲСӼƽϣǾƲСȥݣȻĻǿܶزˡ
̾ѾˡΪսƻǻںճƻ֮ϵģҪǲúյĻǿ϶ˡвңƃǶ֪һֽոȥģĻھе϶һǧɵġ
õ⺫һϰʹţһ


1661 Ƕ
飬㲻ôɣ
ʳãŸ£Ǳ˼ѵԽǵʵ
շǻŵѦʹǣҲ˼ѵŻˣǸʹҪǳ£ҲѲ˸ϵģ̯ôһԵ˾ǵö겻ɡ
պǺһЦ۹㻹˽ҵΪôôôҲҪô
˵ţֵʵǶŻǵģҵȻô
˼ѵʮֺΪҪŻǣ
տЦӦñҸѺٿɲôõģвͻᱻĹѪͷЩʱ򣬷ǿԿƵģҵʱǸֻᶢԼӵʳһԲãʴǵһȨһƽȵºǾܹݾʳһζǵġһӰǵʱǶǵȻҲһ㣬ǵʹҲǰһҾиؿ
˼ѵԵͷܹ⣬ǰûôֻҪձúͿˣֵǳڼӦøϽݡ
ЦѾȥǲġ
˼ѵһԺѺ٣ǲģ˭ġ
ֻǺǺһЦʱˡ


ӾѧԺ֮󣬺ͣĸȥ˱
ɣľѾԺйʱúˣæӭ˳ȥ
ˡ
ţ
Цŵͷֵʲô
ɣľգ˱ӽȡ˽ǮҿѹңĻǿܻæ˿Ц
᣿ԵͷЦټǼеǮѾ㹻ˡ
ɣľԲǵ˴ͷ̽ϢҪǮȥɽһƲֹᣬ⣬һЩսʡ
ǽеĺôտԸݽежг
յǮǶȥأ
ɣľһϾҪ볯͢׵ģµ˿ɻûʸԪǱҲԪԳҲǰ
ʽѸ֮Ǹҿ϶ԪȥǳսȥģΪЩս꣬ǷǳõҲʱڣΪվüƻһһߣһǳһ߾˺ӣȻܱ߷䣬ȫгѾռȻǣʱڣڳһߵľΪƳͼǳⶼгҪţҪҪ㹻ƷгҲֻ̾
ūʡǮģҪū˰öӻū澣ҹܳסͿˣܹȡū澣ôͿԴЩĽޣڲǮūҲۣ࣬˲㡣ټη⺫Ϊڴܹܣ̫ô򽻵ˣǮǶΪԪҶȾ͵֪ϢˣŸôģʴҲԥʼ˶ʼ
һж纫ԤƵһ㡣
Ǳã
ֵ⣬㰲һЩһȥ˵ţͳһɣľ
ɣľӹ˿дľˣƽˣȵȡգЩȥ
ЦҿɲѺ٣һǻ飬⻹ͷȥɽлĻ˳㽨ʲôá
⻹డ
˼̯ôҪĹǿ϶ȫԸջδţͿǸ㽨ˣҪƃֵĨһ亹
ɣľͷǣҵȻȥһ¡
磡
ʱСҰܵͻȻ˽
ЦڼҰ
ܵʶ͵͵ɣľȻЦŵͷûгţϢһ¡
СҰʵ磬ҪȥɶǱô
յͷҲ׼һ¡
СҰûɶ׼ġ˵ţͻȻС֡
ܵ͵͵麫գƬ̣죬һġ
պܵܣС֣ǲлҪ˵
ҡܻܵһڣͣ漴ֵ磬СҰȥǱ߿ɵСһЩ
СҰȵС֣㲻ǡ
ܵҡͷֹסСҰ
СҰͷһ

ͻȻЦ
ܵһ㶣磬Цô
ЦһСӣԽԽСˣ˵ָպð¸ˣǻԹһӡİɣӦ£һģشʹһȥ
ϻغմ¹ȻӦС֣ٳԶţһɲǵģΪⲻǻԣǳŵ
ܵܶʱһϲյǰô
ûСָ磬ôƭ㡣
ֱֵܵЦȴҡҲ˵һǵģҪǻ£һǲȥĺá
ﲻ֪Сӵ˼һȥĽֵĻԼ鷳⻰̽ģЦ˵ؾ㲻ԸȥҲȥûҶҽŲ¡
ܵüѣظ磬õСֵĵطܷԸǣϵɽǡ
ססշŰ۵㻹ԽԽԶˣֻȥġ
ҲУóġܵͦŴӣֱֵЦֵϣš
Сӣ鲻ԽԲĶƤվˣ׼һ£һһЩ°ţСҰһȥɡ
СҰ˵ͷ


Ͻһ߷ϣһƾɵСۣƾɹƾɣǿȥȴǳɾȻ˾ɨ

վڵǰŽһ۵˾Ʒˡ
СҰ磬֪
յ뿴˭ӣֻʣ°ˣӵģĴ۾ǰǻʲô壬Խ۵ˣһѰ֮ĸˣƵġ
СҰͷҾúɣһҲۡ
ҲһСҰ
һִļϣȥɡ
˸ոǰֻһŵ۵ĵô߳ʮ꣬ɫƽӹ
㡪
վĿǸˡ
ǵüһ㶣漴λʩĪǺʩ
һԵͷ
ˡ
ǵôӻͳһźԭȵҽŸ㡣
üӹһֻдһС֡ˣأ
͵һæʵʲôʱߵģ
ǵõǰ
ͻȻ˸һĨȻ֮ɫתɽȥ
СҰ㶣æ׷˹ȥ

ʹ
˵мҪңΪ£
԰һĿźա
ҿ˿
ﵱʹˡ
ŵʺǳ˶ˡ
һ㶣漴Цһʲô£ԭ£뿪ġ
Դ浱һȻˣȻˡ
ֵ뿪кüˡôûи˵ôɺմľ޷Ӧֺա
һ漴ҡͷûУֻһŸ߳Ѿ뿪ˣû˵ԭҲû˵ȥأ⳼»£ʴŸʺԭһжǻʺ㰲ŵģǳͷˡʺΪҪ
̾˿һ֮ˣҺ󱨴ҵĶ飬Ҳ֪ģΣؼյģµʵ̫ˣû˿԰ԡ
˵΢һ£̾Ҳ̹׸˵ҵȷΪڳ۵ǣ뿴һʺһ࣬һ췴ͷУ֪Ҷᱻٲ֮صģ̫ξ³ҲۿġʴˣҲ뿪ȥһ˭ʶĵط㣬ңҪáкģ벻Ȼûик뿪ˡ
տЦҲ¼ң̲סҪɱҰɡ
һЦͻȻؽĪǿλأҪɫҲ˫
һ£漴Ҫòʺ˫ŵڶѩܲǿϵģһ
˵ţͻȻ̾˿ֻξңǾǷ࣬ҪߣȻҲһһЩǮƣҲǱľ֮
ҾͰĪҪκˣȥˣڶ֪ȥˣҲٵǮǡ
ЦǺǵʺܹﳼġ
ΰ
յǮٸʺͿԵǮǳġ
˰Σ漴ЦҪô
յʺ˽⳼ģϲǷˣܹóùһЩ
ͷЦһЩǮѧԺɡڶ٣ҾͲ˵ˣһֻ裬پ衣
պǺǵʺʥ
ֵϾҪȥɶˣս¹ش󣬱¿Ƿǳǳصģɵ½в֮һҪѯʹ۹ǣĪҪӡ
ʺĶһġչһֵʺûԸȸˡ
Цŵͷ
ˡ
еһȻתȥ
豭ᴵһ£ȻƤһ̧ź뿪ıӰ΢΢һĨЦ

ûʹԼǱȥȻ͵ҡ˼£ž͵ȥʶһַסǽûеȥֻ󺹣ڴڵĴ
磬ôأ
СҰһĻŻˣæ˹
û£ܷŴһЩ硣հڰֵ
СҰæղ
棬СҰһĵĿԼЦģû£ȥɡ
СҰҪҪȥ¬ҩ̿
Ҫȥɡ
ǡǺðɡ
ȵСҰۿ̾ۼһ̵ˮܿ˵õģҪߣҲøһΪҪǶΪʲô
磬㻹ô
һֻСҰͷ복ڣĿĨĨۣ죬ջҡҡͷ̫á


1662 㻹
ϯ£سֳһƬľ˸еһ˿˿
һôͣһԯŶˡ
ԭ㼱ææȥʺ󣬾Ϊ֪Ƿ֪¡СҰգŴ۾
Եͷ˶гһջ뿪ģԼĵ뿪ģ֮ǣʺ뿪ģֻ¡˵ҡҡͷ
СҰȴ磬ҾͲˣʺ󲻶Ѿ˵ôֻó˶뿪ȥһûʶĵطҪٳˣҾôҲΪƶһ³˶أҵǾûбҪɱ˶档
տЦСҰΪһͣǶҪնݳһ;ѡû֮һ˵΢΢ü̾ʺĴ󷢴ȱǿҵķϣҲһɱ˶ġ
СҰΪΣ
ҡͷ̾ʺĻǵҪԸң˵ڵȴᣬڶ֮ǰһȳ˶档ҿʺ˶棬Ͳǹ˼ʲô֮飬ֻΪʱ֮ʣһǣ治һܹɱ˶棬Ҳס˶棬Ż˶棬ó˶ңҲǲҵвΪһҸ˶ϵȻͶᱣסܡ
Ȼһʱһʱ޼дѶͬʱʺֳ֮ѺۣʱռþϷ磬϶Ƶʱ취ң˵ܲţʱұ󣬶ų˶ȥôʴˣһԳ˶ʹɱֵġ
СҰȻ֪Ϊβʱ߳˶أ
óĬü͸ھ֮ɫ
СҰֵǲǲγ˶棬ʺϤļƻ
εĿСҰȻ˵ͷȷûмʱ֪ԭΪʺĹϵҲͬһ㣬ҪʺһжˣҲ̫ðգһֱ취αһ㡣ҽȥҳ˶棬Ǵ㣬˴γġǣû뵽ʺĶ֮죬ΪĿǰһǱȽϰȫģΪǶԱΪģͬЭ߾˭海ңһŹġ⣬Ҹ˶ԼõģгһҪ뿪ҲһҪ׿ڸ˵һû뵽᲻Ƕ𡣡
ô˵ҲΪԼѣΪþǺ֮䣬÷ǳСģǰ涼ڿǣó˶뿪ͬʱɡ
Ϊ˶м䣬ŷǳ΢ã˵˶һ̶ϣһͻȻӸ⿪ˣǾҪֿˣ϶ỳɵġ
ղôôΪ˶浱ͶҲˣﵱȻԷǳ̹׵ĸߺգû˿вѶ˭˶ˣǴ˳޼ɣвҪǰڳ˶ϣĻĿҲ˶
СҰ˵᲻ʺѾɱأ
ҡͷģڳ֣Ϊһʧܣǲ룬ȵضûСңҲ֪Ѿ֪Ҹ޼ɵĹϵݾߡǰûƭңȷó˶˵һĿȴҪңһвΪ֮Һпܻƭѡһȫĵطֻ֣ϧ˶沢δȥˣʹҲ֪ȥȡ
СҰ룬磬ʦ˵ɴߵСڣҪʺԣ⻹ġ
һͻȻһסСҰø첲СҰǧô룬Щ£ֻܹõĻȥûǣƲ·ģԣǶˣôһҲûκ壬һҪסôʲô£ţŲҪġ
СҰһ˫۾Ŀźգһͷ֪ˡ
յͷɿĸ첲ԴȴǱʹ̣벻ջӲİš
СҰټĺգǵģֵ磬ǳ˶ҲǷǳƻģұҲСʺʹҪɱҲô׵ģҲҪ̫ˣ˵ܹӹһ١
ѽ˶ࡣһ漴̰ϧҪǿĶࡣɼСҰǵĿԼЦŵͷԸ˰ɡ
СҰ磬ɫˣǵûȥˡ
ɫԥƬ̣ȥһҤǱߡ

޼ǰѾ潻˺գСﱣ档
ˡ
þòԸɢȥϧȴûдΨһĹڡ
ƺ£
ԺĿʯϵĺա
΢΢һ棬֪
ָңΪ㲢δΡ
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Ӧͦ𣡡պǺһЦΪһû䡣ͬʱ̫ξҲϣڳʺȥ
ƾ㣿
޴󽫣λȷ档ʼ磬̾ҲĵģѾõĽû֮һٻ˽Ϣ㡣֮֮ϵǶΪ̫ξڣ̫ξѾ뿪ˣǵ֮ϵҲնˡԡ뿪Ļһᰲ뿪ģһеġ
ĬΣҲԸ뿪أ
һ̯˫֣ЦǾͼȥѽҪףʧȥ̫ξ⽫һһϷ
ЦһҲҪá
Ҿʹ𣿡
ţ
㻹ûڵĴھĲˣҿԶΪΪĻһԼС
һֱô˵вм
ѽѽѽ㿴ˣһЦȥͷ̾ûа취˵ҵķ⽭ɽ׸ģư
ͻȻʵҾ˾ǡ
ۣϷУںЩѾûκˣ˵ͻ˸㣬ˣˣȻѹ⣬ΪΪϾǸһ˵
ʹ
ֵʵѾǷǳ˵ˣ㻹š
ͻȻбĿźգĬ
ֻŮ˵Ŀ⣬ܹԼƵãΪǧָоôҸģ˵ģ㲻Ҫ࿴ۡ
㻹б¡
һۣǳƵΣû뵽Ǳ㿴ˣԸˣ˲ˡ
˵ţ̾һϾҪ뿪ˡ
浱һۡ
ǱᣬҪյѾ߾ҵѺ١
㶣ȻŶһ
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ռУϾҪȥˣҮ൱ΣյܹܲһңںҪ˹ĵġ
㷽Ų˵ôںЩѾûκˡ
£ɫ䵭ζһЦӿɽҲ
ͻȻһңٶ𣬲ȴдһ˿ͱζȴ֪ͱ]ǳ޼ɣǺա
Կ϶ǣֻŵǸŮˡ


1663 ӵĹ
ѾǵڶκĿų˶·ȴеΪΨһܹģõȥ¹ȻԪұڣĴȥ̽һ£ΪǼ˶棬Ŀŵ׷飬ֻܰвãһҪСģһ˵ڴ롣
ʵڳ˶Ľ֣ո˶һֱвԤУԣ˶治ؼգʵ̫ˣأͲӦûϡ
ﲢ֪ǣһֱ취˶棬İš
⽫ıģﵱȻ뵽ջôɵϾΪࡣ
Ȼ˶뿪ͣúոӼᶨȥΪڶ˶棬Ӳ뱯˽֯һ


¡

ƽٵСԺ
ˣɡƽ΢΢ֵ
йƽٶϯ֪ҺΪ£
Դ˸еЩ棬Ϊƽٺ
ƽЦʵһ̸̸ˡ
вԵĿŴƽ١
ƽٵҲ̫ξ³ˣΪܹ̫ξһʮ࣬Ȩһʱ
΢΢һ㶣˼ú;
ƽҡҡͷֻ뷨
΢һ̫ξǺȴǳӣӵΪˣ֪ģǽأʴˣΪ̫ξ³ΪڳңǻʺӸ´ֻҲᱻǣ
˵ҲеƽЦŵͷͻȻ֪Ϊʲôܹ֮ʣܹλ𣿡
üЩΣȻԴʵǰҲδϣ뺫յĲȷʵԽԽˣҡҡͷ
ƽЦΪڲ׽˺ӵϸڣϵĹͣҶüҲȥҪȥЩͣǵȻǳѵġҲ뺫˳йأΪͶͶһǻܹۡ׽Щ˺ӵĹͣ纫ôҲܹƽƣ
˺ӵĹͣ
ƽЦŵͷΪ˴δмʤ㣿
⻰תЩ󣬵Ѿϰ߸ԾԵ˼άʽ˼һô˷ʤܴ󣬵̫ʥ϶߾ʧأЩҲһֱûзڸ߾ƫʦɧţ߾ĹѾһΣҾ㳲ֻ¸߾Եֵ
ƽҡͷΪһγɹϣߡ
ɫһΪΣ
Ϊ߾ڶߡ
ˡ޶ۣ֪⻰Ǻ⡣һ
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˫Ŀһެ

ƽٵެһֱ¹Ȼ뻢ΪެҲǴ֮ԲϧһдأĿҲΪ˽ڸԭ֮ϡΪެĻʧǳ󣬶ҼսʤެҲԻʲôʴ̫ʥϵѡެΪ֮ãⲢҴƾĶެ½ģ̫ʥϺ͵Ϊʲô¹Ȼ룬ĿľҪΧסެެҪȥͱҴƵΧ¡ʱ»޼һ棬˲Ұģץסᡣ
ΪµǣҴƵķ顢鶼ָƣҲһ֪߾Ҵƶԣں²죬Ҵһ߾ģԿҲһڵȴһ̡ҴȻǿʢʵ࣬ެ࣬ôİͼҪǷǳѵġ
½񶼵ȥɶڻնӰ󶼻ɶȥɼԼ˾ǲδǵެǱ¹ȻҲһҵʿڷأԭôţǻڹеرܹܿͶ͵¹Ȼ룬о񽫻߾ʴ˲¹Ȼ붼÷ǳ顣»һŹġûĻҾ߾սʱ»һἯбѡ߳ͬʱȡ¹Ȼ롣
Ƚ϶ԣ߾ֻһ鲻پвķ⣬¹ȻҴƶԣҪʱһѡ񳷾ȥ¹Ȼ룬ެʴ˴˴γ޹ڵòʧ
һȻˣΪβ˵
ƽЦ޷ģΪ߾ڶߣެߣȻûʲôһϵķǳĬ໥ǣҴƣΪǶ֪һԷˣʣµһҴΨһĵˣսҴƱҪԵģ޷ĻѾҴƵļޣȡͻơ
һĪƽ֮
ƽٵҴƱȥ߾ٷסެĽսǱҴɡǱƣ֮Σʵ顣ȥ£¹Ȼ밲֧ެԷʤ˵˾ٲ»ޱ룬ȴû뵽׼ʱ⣬ټɵԸڲ֪Ҿʵ£ضóȻ⽫ΪҾȡʱաǴõȵ֮Ȼٵȥ£ʱºܻܿὫ㣬Ϊ˾ǶѾȥ˳ûʲô󽫣ȥţҲܹܺΡʱܹȡʤһģΪսʹΰ
ԲĿŴƽ٣ͻȻûмǴĻδ˾Ű
ƽٿЦ͵ǵĲɡ


⡣
治֪ΪҪ뿪
ɫվѩУһĿźա
պձҪݣҲ˵ȥΣϾɶʹǹڵʹʵȥˣƃǰվѾˣƃﶼһЩ飬ΪǶ֪ûĳǸӲȥҺ鷳յһȷʵһӰҲֻմ󷢴ȱˡ˵ǣֻȥ𹥵ģûгĻصάһЩʱա
Цɵѽ·٣³ġ
һЦ漴
չһЦֵҲڵʱĸɵðѼҹãǿʱ򡣡
̵㾡ɷģѾ£˷ѩҾͲ˻ѹƲס
գգۣҪһǵЩʱ߰ɡ
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ʶȤȥСˡ
˵գΧסܵܡСҰȥӭ˹ȥ
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ڰֵòܳϷҲá
һЦ˾˵Цˡ
˵Ц£˭㣬֪ˣϷͲƼ㵣Ѻˡ˵ţҿ˿±ǾƲ֪ոȥġ
˰ɣߣ󻹸ҲңЦ˾ˣ޴Ҳ¡
ͷ˵Ϸ΢һЩϷǵһ䣬㵽ûаգ
Цްգȵʱų˾մɷģһжҵС
ͷϷһء
ҲûнʲôΪûЩ·ûмֻѽ
һ֮󣬺Ǿ׼ˣǺܶ࣬ǺաܵܡСҰˣԼĽʿղ̫ҡУֵһ·⡣ڴ֮ǰѾɳȥüˣ˼ѵžʮѧԺѧԱǰѾˣڴܹģΪװƣֻ˴γܵôܾãýܶ顣
ܵеĳ˦һޣǰʹȥ


1664 ˵лл
ѩڻ֮󣬺ָĳһǿӱ޸ݡ
գһݾڡ
Ȼûгǰ㷱ƺҲضãĳЩ棬Ҫʤһ
ʱ߹֮УĻǾöǰéӱǳ³֮أҲΪʲôɽʿ徭ò˥Ϊ˼ڣ
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˲š߽ͨУ˵Ǿ߱һо÷չҪأܲô
磬쿴Ǳߡ
ݳܵͻȻغ
ʲô
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ܵܺǾȵ벻ظԣˡ
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ҿҲ˶١ܵܵ
ЦЦֿϣ˸һЩâ
еһ··ݳܵ磬磬ЩǮǡ
𣿡
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Ǯ󷽵ͷǣǶס

΢΢һ㶡
ԶԶԣС磬롣ЩҲƺĸ̸⡣
լԺ˵ǲ٣װ궼Ե÷ǳƾɣȫ䲻ǵݡ
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𣿡ʵĪΪɽʿĹϵ
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ܵܵѵͷϵĻǵġ
ǣ
һߵͷһĿźգշǾ仰ǷǳǮˣöˣҪǲǿˡ
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ҵͷǶԵ÷ǳ
պһڲ裬Ԫܸǵİɡ
̵Ԫܲδҵ˵ֻǿԪôŸŹġ
𣿡պһˣСΪβң
գգۣ˼Ԫڹ㣿
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һŭСң˵ʲôԪȱȱǳ͢ҪԸ߾ϣܹһЩ²ȥⱾҲǳ֮£ֻҪս²ǿ϶еģһܹҪأҵʱͺĴӦȴûϵᷢչǵʱ˵ʱпѽҲû£Ҳ˵¡ΪһҵĻⲻʲô£ǶҪôĻʿɾͲһˡ
˵̾˿ԭΪûôĵӣ뵽ȡǮͱˣֹֹˡ
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յ֪գֺαصأʲôûŪףͼææĸϹܹ𣿡
޷㼤С磬Ҳܹѽ͢ʲôūߣＯ˺ǲС˼ƻǵõ촬ͷϱͽҪ˶͹ǮĻＯŸԭЩһЩūɳ͢ͻȻҪū˰Ҷ֪νȥ
Ҳضãһᣬһѱ飬һѽ
Ҳûа취ֻһ޶ϵѾˣҪǾͼ¥ȥ㿴Űɡ
ʵʱβ⺫ΪʹҲôðΪǶ֪˵Ԫұһйϵֻղ˵ֻᣬǲŶôģԪҵ˷Ĺʣǿ϶ǰ϶ģҲϽ򣬸о͸ƱƵá
ˣˣҪûԣȥҷ¥ݻ磬ݼҪѵֱǡյһ۵
ǮһΡ
̾˿֪Ϊڲ𣿡
ΪΣ
Ϊǡշǳջ֪֪Ϊ£ҶȥǵˣѾţ֮˵´Ӧ
ֲɫһϲ棿ֻҪܹ򲻴̣ëϵ
պߵҵǲ񣬵ҲĿ
ϣǮ󷽼ıǰȥסյ֣С磬ǾҵС
ȥȥȥ
ռæֲָŮǵġ
⡢޷Ҳչֵлûϲʵ̫̼ˡ
ûа취ǰŵһǧ
лͲҪˡհڰ֣ܹԲʲô˵Ҫ겻ɣµĴסǼȥ
̵飬ɶʱҼסҶԸ⣬ҼеģҪɶû⣬ֻҪԸ
ܵú˲ţҵкηܹܿ׬ġ
㻹
պֺЦĿһֵۣǶɣѾȫȨίңң͸߾ɽˮҲϡ
ɽˮ
ٿȻվ𣬽С磬⻰ʲô˼ѵɽҲ
Ӧѽܷƣԭġյͷܲ˵ǹ²ɣǱǻ룬ô²˵Щʲôģ˳²ȥ
һסͷϣ֪ˣҾͶһЩǮˡ
üȻᣡѾŲ˵㽫ҵ׶𣿡



1665 ɼ
Ǯ󷽡ԭǳЩ²ģûôȥɽˮΪ̶ûпɽˮ˭Ļ˵һս²ǿ϶еģǳʶԷǸ߾ƳһֱڶñһֱѹŶԷ򣬾ûԼĵ̴
ͻȻ׳һɽˮ⡢޷㡢ŴˣڵĳӶˡ
ΪǲȱˣȱľͷΪɽֿľľߣҪ뿳ͺ鷳ȻƷõķչľͷԽԽֵǮΪͷûϣ˵߾ǶɽˮôҲһɽѽ˶ԣ߾Դ治١
ض򣿡
ǮĿ⡣
ĲУǶмңһǧҲˣؾй˵
յͷԣʲôֻơ
߯һ㡣
ǶҪˣǵȻûнмҵ׶Ӱ쵽ԼֻҪǿˣδ꣬žͱˣóǶһǧΪѾ˺ܶǰյгϧû㹻Ļ﹩ӦΪȱټϳ͢Ҫū˰ѩϼ˪
ҲΪʲôûеõտ϶ǰͼææ˹Ϊ̫ȱˣǮǴˡ
ֵǲ֪أ
ûܵܽİִӰóһű۵ݸǡ
ǮΧ۹
ⱨ۵棬ǳȷۡ
²ǷŵȣƳǰū澷ѾĽֱͣհˣʮǮ˵һǮ
ɽ֡ˮءúþ纫Ǿ仰ֻеģ
һݱ۵ǶԣǷǳ˵ģΪȱٵľԴЩɶҪģǿʲôԼҪġ
ǮͻȻʵһû߾զ㣿
յ˵ˣǾһȥһ˰ˣʲôնûˡ
ǮЦ
ֵҪסһ㣬¸͢ûйϵֻǽȫȨһУзȥӰ쵽µǾͱԼǮҪԼ
ҵ֪ҵ֪
ֻƣöν
յͷֵȿŰɣҳȥߡ
ǣǡ
ⱨ۵ˣǵȻϸоһ£޵ʽ𣬹Լϡ
ҲǳʶȤ뿪ˣΪЩⲻ㵱ۡ
ճլԺСҰС֣ȥǱ濴
ܵѵøաСҰˣǳͷֵȥô
յҲȥˣעһ㣬Ҳ̫Զˡ

Ǳȥ
Ǹ߲ãԪܾˡ
Ԫ΢΢֣ȻСø
ҿ˿ˣŵɵò
ԪܵʵҲδʲôǹø񡣡
ҡͷһЦֵʲô
ԪܵԤƵĻҪ˳Щ꣬ɽûз˻ط֣գҼһвٴЩ͸Ӳö˵ǵֶѾŲˣвٵʳˣܹ١ʱϵֻңĻݡݡصѾǵʮǮøϵǰ㣬ЩϢųȥ֮ʳǡҿò˶ãǾͻҹø
յЩѾ˶ʳ
ԪܵڸʳҹӦܹﵽʯҡ
ɨʯʳҲǳ͢ǿգһ¼Ҳɼɽĸԣ̶ȡ
ȻͨտòôʳϴЩģΪƳ˰շǳر˵ƽҲУƽҲԣΪƳ˰Ǹͷģū澻Ҫ˰һأҲֻҪһ˵˰һĶصİһڵԣǲҪ̫ˬ
ɽֶ࣬еҲ࣬ׯ԰ģʽΪƳĳڣдĩ˶⣬еû֣ƳҪȫعлҲҪ򵹵ϴƣֻҪЩлˣȻںգЩһֱûжǣǾһڼ仹沢˲ٹҵء
Щ˳Ҷڻ˲ʳֲ֣ռеĴҲ٣Ǳֳֶ͸ȱʳˣҪʳ͵ȥϵۣ˷Ѷ׬ֱ˻㣬ʳ
Ԫǡʱѽ̷ǳ˳Щʿ塢ЩˣΪƷõķչұ÷ǳҪֶڳ˵УʳȥǻҿԹණǸȡ衣
аչҲ͹˰ٷ֮ʮңΪǮ󷽲Ǯ˲ƷⳤֹѾǳˣǵƷֺãİնʳһЩƷ
ȻһеһжǺƺõģвûʲôԵͷ˼˵ټϱص˺͵Լ⸽еݣҪͻһǧʯӦòʲô⡣
Ԫܵ᲻һ㣬ǴƳҲʮ򣬶ЩݶԼ͵͢ĿǰѺ˶ûɣĹУҲĲ˶ʳ
ЦֻҪܹ߾һǧʯʳʲô㲻̣ôˣҲóôʳʳܵģֲȥι˵Ǹ߾ɽˮǮֵá
ԪܺǺЦ⵹ҲǣֻԸܹһ߾
յǱģѾ˵ˣսͣǾһҪ߾˾Ƕﻵˣҿʤ㻹ǺܴģĻҲʲ¡
ֻһޣһ£ʱνףܹϾΪġĬⷽ滹ðһ£ٳ̫ѿˡ
ڶգվͳǰݸǮǵûиȥΪǻü㣬ⲻһСϾǣܶ෽棬ҲûԵ÷ǳСĽ
еðգݳǡ
ֻǰվһЩˣĸʹ۹˼ѵ
۹ôտǳܲ𰡣
ոæµ֡
˼ѵǺǵ޷޷Ҳеĺܡ
Цŵͷ
˼ѵеϲȻ׹Ц飬ҲѺ͹ݣɴδɹǲ֪⼸գڹ棬㱨ж͵֣ǡ
֮ǳ˵涼Ѿ֪ݡ
ܹͨܣüƻͶʳɶˣ··ϻĶ١ֹģսۣѺٲæϼ꣬ǲܵģ񵹺ãÿ𴲣˾㱨һʯʳ֣ʯ֡
Ϊ˶ǴӸ򣬿ֱˮ·˵ˮ·൱һ·һ·򣬷ǳѸ١
ǳ͢Ļÿݶʳһ໥ƤضͦУҲڳˣʴ˽зǳݡ
ЦҳէǾܵĵ͵һЩ
˼ѵһЦڳʱҹ£֮˯ñ˭Ҫ㣬̫˼ˣΪҲ֪жʳ
ֵҵأ
˼ѵҰڲֿ⡢ͷǱ߰æ˵ģǻܰһæΪǶʶ֣ǹǳ棬һЩ
ЦŵͷǾͺã
ڳǰ̸ȻһͬǣڵûкԤеǰ֣вʿѲߣɼѾս״̬
ݸոţһˬʵЦԶ˵ѽ
նϽ
ձȭսˡ
նһЦ棬ӣɫԵʮָˣȻ̣ôͣҵûлˣֹģսۣر壬ʵܹˣӵεگͿ˹
ֵû뵽սô͸ˡ
նڰֵɲˣⶼѾսˡ


1666 ȭͷӲ
շ·Լˣ΢΢ʵս㡪˵ʲôѾսأ
նԵͷҸϵ֮ǰǶУξѾˮʦˡ
þ͸Ժˣȷ£
նͷ
յˮʦͳ˧ô
ˮʦͳ˧ԸǶֻһͷѣһͷ̫ˡ
ն΢΢һ̾һֱֻǲеġ
æʵԸɻã
նҲʲô󲡡
ʲô󲡣Բųսֹһ䣬ֵɶУξսģ
նͷȽ˵ɡ
Ŷ롣
롣
ڡնݳ͢սƻҪ½ޣ޾ϣټáǰټȥ޵ıؾ֮·ˮʦͶǱߣһ޵ˮʴҾҪ½ޣȾ͵ôˮʦУξڽӵµָʾ󣬾ͼˮʦջǴӦ
ü˶
նˣսһǧҡ
ô࣡΢΢üΪƳҲֻܳʮӣɹԮʵҾˮʦ٣
ն㴬Ļˮʦаǧˣսһʮҡ
òûҧͷҲ򣿡
նҡҡͷҲ̫ϾҲûͳ˧ˮʦǵȵӵԷ൱սǹƻõһ꣬ңȻɶУξսȻĴ㡣
ԸһְͬʷǺ³ϵǳ˴Ҳ໥˽⣬ʱҲڡ
üвܣ̫⣬Ǻսڿĺϣӱܶòϡ
䣬洫һҵĿ
նͬʱվֻԸһĲ£ڣɫ԰ףȻ

չһ
ԸֻԶĳδܳӭȿȿȣ
æȱӦǰȥ̽ǡɻã
Ըڰ֣Цʲô󲡣ֻⲡĻ治ʱ򰡡
յǽɵøϽȬҪˣ⹦Ϳɾñ˸ˡ
ԸһЦһ£Ҿ㺫鰡ְʷǺ³ʱ鲻һѺ٣ǿɽЩ佫ķͷ˰ѾΪʹǵİ
նøЦ
ˣҲЦֱҡͷʵϲ佫򽻵ٶǳˬĨǡ
Ƭ̣
Ըҷƺ³սЩǣ
յ֪ҵģҲ̣˶ԣôıܻеһЩǡ
⻰˵ǵˮ©
ԸЦŵͷ˵ǣȷȽϴ󣬵ҾսͲȡʤ
˵˼ֵ֪ڴ֮ǰȰǰȥ̽ˮʦһϸȥ飬ʵǷǳġˮʦڣڴֻͱױȴԶҾµĹ۵ո෴ΪڿĺϣĶٲǾʤܵĹؼأֻʤĹؼʴǷռƣӦңֻһ̽Եģôýֲ֪
ԵͷսҲ̫һɡ
Ըսǲ죬Щôࡣ
յҲԸװ
ԸҲûװΪѾ㹻ˣֻҪˮʦս÷Ϊýޡ
նЦ䲻£ķǳѽ
ԸͷЩҸһֱݣҽÿһ£÷ǳһ⣬˵˲ţܲ𡣡
룬Ǽһﱾһ壬ҪĻҲύ
˼ѵǶɵĺ뵽¼ҲӢű
յ˧籲ô

˼ѵ£δӦ
ԸЦ֮
µòѾ
˼ѵŷӦֶЦ
ԸЦǺǵȻǱԣͻѽҴôսûмܹܶڼҹ꣬ݾԼɵˣԴԴϣݵĽʿǼһĻʿǣԴսǳġ
նҲҲδţ֪ɷ֪ҵа
̾ʵⶼǱƳġ
Ը˻
ɫģλҲ֪ڷչѸ٣̩񰲣ʱ߾д󳼶谭ҵķչϾڱ¶ԣղΪҪġǴһķǮģһعģɲС˱¶ԴҲǳء
նԸͬʱ˵ͷȻҲ֪озԵǺġ
˵⣬һսҪ߾ģȵ߾֮󣬾ͻأһս߾ũɣѾˣʱ»ôӹʳأȼõصİգһʲСĿ֧һͿ϶谭ҵķչ²һ취⡣
Ҿ뵽ˣҲӦ֪ЩʳģȻʳɲǰ׸ģʵҲһĿǰȱҾ²ǽʳĻ̵ˣ֮˽һֵ˸ߣЩ˵ʳȻǸʵԸ߾İҲһ£ڸ߾ֻҲٶľأһٻһڷԣҳ͢ͲҪʲôҲͲ谭ڵķչ
ǧ˵˻˵˿ֱӽףö棬ЩαĻûбҪǸնǾͲô˵͢κ£װģȥū澣ΪǺãǷԣ尡
նͷԭˣ˷һð
ԸͻȻʵǰټأ
£ЦټõȻҲˣѵд㣿
һֻ̣ЩɲСԸڰֵֻ֣ǱƺһֱռټãպҾټãһָأ
˫һ̯⵱Ȼ˭ȭͷ˭ġ
Ǵһ߶ʱģʱʵҲǿ˭ȭͷĶΪåûһӣο
Ը£ƺûϵջôֱӣȻûжʲô飬ðΣŵͷǸˡ
ЦλҲֱ̫ˣ˳ǰټúôҲһѽԻòǮôܹˡ£Ҫ޵Ļ˸ˣһûҪѣǻҪͷൽʱּĶظǣǸǵһӰɡҪĻǾɡ


1667 ׼
ʵúյⰲʹоܹܣһǳǵİš
ΪȻԺܹ㣬ûѧֻͨαװԼܹչֳģǶֻǱģʵĺգȥׯ԰ĺգʱʱ裬ʲôģŶգһͨսɲǿЦģǶ浶ǹĸɣó汾òʷǺ³һʱ˺ͣŸôʷǺ³ô뵽ĶȻͻȻҧ
ںƭ˲ۼ֪֮ͲȥϣҲΪʲôԸö³еǣҲûж˵ʲô
⽻棬мңΪ⽻ʵǶթ˵ӮⶼóģΪɶʹսİſɶǹܣ˵ȭͷǾһǱȭͷնԸֹֻ̣൱ȷ
ӷϴ󣬺ҲۣΪϢû˵Ҫȥ߿˼ѵ飬ҪȥֿǱ߿
ЦֿǱʲôȥģȥҲ༸ʯʳҴȥСּšǱ߿
˼ѵ΢΢üǰʹһֻԼҵֻ֪»˵лġ
ǱȽϿ̰һˣһһǶִйģҪȥҲȽãҲӡ
ȴĺѾ֣ǹؼ
˼ѵһԺںյļƻȫ֪ҺҲΨһ£ǽһɺӪݡ
նȴЦϷͦġ
յǾһȥɡ
ǺֽܵܺСҰһͬȥСּţܵ˵ҪȥСּţ˷ˣһСּš
ǺճǮģɽҲɣСּŵ壬ܵҲ˲
ȻǺյǾͿ϶Ὠڳڣǽڻƺӽ벳·ϣһƬҲеأΪֱ꣬װ
ۣĹģǱǳĹģҪöడ
еһʱһɽϣԶԶȥܵܲһ
ԶƬţģƲڳϽֻȽϷɢ˵ǳֹҵҪ࣬ȽϴΪܱ߶ɽصȻʡһãǳˡ
ĶϽǣֻԶһȴţһľңǳдšСּţ̱꣬Ҳܵܵ
նǵһǰһΣͷؼ𣬿˿ֿ̱꣬˿ܵܣֻȤݸһЦ
ǰֻ෿ݣȫǲש߽ṹܱߵĽЩ룬һ֪СּţΪСּǸʳģǱõ𣬹ʴ˵ʱͷǳ𣬽ȫһ
Сָ磡
զһֻһܵµܳ
ͯ硣
ܼܵҲ˷ܣ˹ȥͯǵܵӵģЩʱܾܵ
Сָ磬զأ
ҸҺġ
ܵһָ
ͯƼգȥ񣬺һ֣ʾҪšͯҲ֪յԸЦŵ˵ͷ
ܵ̽ͷƣ˷ܵǸɵúͦġ
ͯͷͦ˼ʵǵûгҪ˽ܵ飬˶ܴܿ֡
ôܵܵǽȥơ
ǣλ롣
棬̳ܵΪ˴ҹעĽ㣬û˹עպնֻǶָָܵ㣬˽
ܵΪʲôҰ
Ц˭Լ̱꣬Щ쿴ܲϡô
ܻܵȻֵúǺֱЦһЦǸˡ
ɴ˿ɼǰΪɹ̱СּţΪȷһųԻǳ䡣
һȥһ䳧棬ֻϰ湤ţȻ򣬶ҿȥǳרҵնȻһأûнеǳȣΪӡУһģȴǷǳɾࡣ
ͯкͣһͣǽСּŵĴʼˣʵҪܣҾ֪϶ǴС֡
ܵҲһӳļһЦǺǵĸҴкƣ־ЦǺǵģûиЩԱ̫ѹܿˡ
ան˼ѵûȥǣĵһӲš
նп飬ˮȥǳͨȴܸı£Ϸڴ󶼻Ǳߵ˷˱仯
սӦȥ仯Ҫ󡣡˼ѵǺһЦʵǺ飬ǵĺкιϵ
һչⶼΪʿġ
ǲЩˣЩ¡
һߴ͵³ӳźµ
£æ£һεǸǸ
ǱͯҲע⵽ߣ׼ʱֱֹˡ
Сֹ벻绹ͦ뺷İ
նЦԲӣҪ˵뺷³֮أԶеֻʿӰ죬κ¶عء
ɽʿӰǳĻǳǿʢǿڣھǹأصİڼҵؼҹ棬棬ŻطҲعصϰߡ
ԭˡЦŵ˵ͷ
˼ѵͻȻ飬㷽˵ЩΪǾ׼ģ
һСｨʵҪΪָ߾׼ġ
ն΢΢һҪǮɡ
Цݶģֻ͢ǳһӹѣʴҲҪܶǮ
նͷŷӦݶ˹Ӧģӹ򰡡
ֵҲǳ͢һγԸı䣬ƾҴĿǰĹԣܽʿԱҪ׷ԺãĲʽ䣬֤ʿԺóԱӪҪܹϡҪСֲˣһƵСֱͬʱǱ⣬Щʳﶼױ棬רŹͻӵġһ䱸һ׺ڶ飬ʱΪʿṩڵʷˡ
ն˼ѵĿɿڴնҲǾþɳôһ˵治̵ģȼٵġ
˼ѵ׵ĺڶ飿
յͷںڷ棬ֹǺȷ뻹ɽţһأڽоֻֿо̣ںڵһˣǺŶţлҽŶӡ
նҽŶӣ
յѾ˲ߣҲɹ˲ҩרŸΪʿˡ
ȻֻŻƃģȷʵӵȨΪҪֿ˽ںڵĸȨȫƹܣּԾҪһж׼ʵҲ֮٣ҪǲôĻͲ棬ûκξ飬ԭֻǴ㽫ʳﱸãԼȥţ˽ҪûŪãøΣֻԼһףȫƻãҶռƻж
˼ѵԶԣ㶼ˣ˵ʲôʲôɣҾ첻߲ݣҲ
նǷǳģȻһ̶ΪǵȨ治ģڶ֮£ҲôãܹˣǽⰲʹֻԶȥˡ
պٺٵѾһµúڹԱ»ؿɾͲҪˡ
ն£漴ǺЦ
Ҫ٣ԼĵλǺҪ٣ȫ
ｻ̸ȥӲ죬СּȻŲŲãģҪȳСֵļŴöˣԱͶǧˣΪǳ͢ںֵ֧ģҲΪģҽپֱӵæ
ҶԺΪ࣬ϲˣȵȡ
ΪںߣǾ͵ȡġǰΪƣЩеȥûӦеļֵĻСֲһ̶ϣͻơ
Ȼ֮⣬еʢһЩˮ߲ˣ϶Ǿ͵ȡġ


1668 ʱ
һȦѾ˰ʱ֣ɼСּŵĹģ֮󡣺ան˼ѵͯİ칫¡
칫ұܵڳİ칫һҪһЩΪ󣬹ʴʲô
һͯżѾ߶˽
Сո磬Ҫķˡ
°ɡ
ǡ
̷ͯԸѾ̷߽£ան˼ѵÿǰһ̡
һεľУһǸŵģʴ˲֪ʲô
ˣСֺСҰڸ
ͻȻʵ
ͯЦСָСҰڳĳʦˣŶСָ绹Ҹ㣬Ǳ߳ԡ
Ի
ҡͷһЦֵˣȥɡ
ǡ
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ն˼ѵһۣȻҿľʱ˱Ƕ
ʽа֣⡢ˡϲһЩСֲˣ࣬Ƚ٣ÿֻһ㣬ʳķǳ㣬ֱϲ˷źСֱ
ն㶰Σ˼ǣҾսܳԵЩⶼСˡ
ЦȻûôḻײͣһСֱΪһԷΪǸȡһ룬ôࡣ
˼ѵ⻹˸е˼鰡
Цȳɡ
ӣʼ
նԵÿȥҲǽԵǽζ˼ѵȻǹţСֲ˼ģóԣҲȥѽԽԽȣʲôѽ
óԣóԣ
նޣСֱȥƺȴҪóԵĶ࣬涼йɣǷǳζ
˼ѵҲϲѽ
ܿ죬˱ˣΪⲻʲôֻͣһ㵱ѡ
ĨĨ죬ӣʵλΣ
նҡͷǰ߽ʿܹԵַˣҾս޲ʤǶԣѾ޿ˡ
ЦǺǵսˣֻǸģս޲ʤÿ
˼ѵŵ飬ǰ߽ʿÿԳԵַˣ
յͷȻСֱǸʿʱЯģźϲЩǴפԵġ
˼ѵҡͷһǲףԹо̣ҪܹϣʿǲӾѾǲˣҴҲˣŹ˼ܹ꣬ԵַˣǴƵĹҲûôɡ
ǳ٣ΪҲѺ٣ô˾ȫһˣ̫ˡ
նҲüȷʵ˸еѽѽ
벻ףΪʲôȻƹѸ٣Ҳֵܵز
ЦҲ˵ôؼˡͶ˷ǳǮʴ˳͢ڱøơ
˼ѵǼȻغãΪʲôǰʹδأ
ʼǰ뵽ΣûôǮʿһжҵķչΪҵķչ¹ȱ볯͢ҵķչ˸УǾ㹻ʽʳ
оǣɳ͢ĻĿ϶ǷǳãΪ͢ʳǹҵģܶһһ㣬ЩѺҲʾ֭ȥ˼ʡǮֻһĿ꣬׼ʱĶˣʿǵȻ½ʳ˵Ļǻǳϸĳɱ뾡취ԼɱһȺˣɱֵʵҲࡣֻ͢ҪǽǮ̸£ˣ˶ʳҸǮ
һֱΪ͢ҪֻҪ֤гˣҪʲôֱӹ򣬻˵ֱӶαΪ񣬻Ѿǧ࣬Ӹݣ̫鷳ˣҸɣҲɲ
˼ѵҡͷԣԣܵ׬ǮɱӦø߲ǣ͢ǮĻ϶㡣
Цý˷ȥۣͶپͿ٣Ǿ͵ع򣬶͢ǴӸݡУǴ̣ʿûɶͼģս϶ûеＫޡǮʹĥҪǴӮ˻ǽ𣬸ŮˣսһȻֻҪܹӮռԷԴǾͿԽЩ˽ףսսȻȵҵչ˲㹻ʵ͢ס
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ն˼ѵû뵽ԭ˶ڴ̶а
ʵԭ򣬺ղδ˵ǰ̣ռ˶Էĵ̣ͳĹԱ߿͢ҲأҲԴ˰Ƴٶ˰ģÿŪ㹱Ʒ͵ˡǹؼڣԱвûиʲôǳ͢׸ǵģԸ㣬鷳ˣǺ͵ǰ˹Աصİ棬һȥ˽ף߾˹İնΪ˷
Ҫ͢˶ǴӮңղ˵͸Ҳ벻һ㣬ʴܾе٣ǲˣôһ£˼ʮƵá
ֵ⻹ֻǱɽһǣΪǴսʣñ˵֮ǾΪʿ·Ь࣬ȵȡǿȥ䣬ǻҪʲô
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˼ѵԼǰɵЩ¶Ϊ޴£ͬʱҲΪֿȷʵûɶȥģǹؼ
գȥӲ֮ľȵȣÿڿȫսʣʿһƷУǶѻɽΪպǰΪ׼ˡ
Ͳ˵⣬ֹĳ֣һµþ磬ֻڴ֮ǰǷɢģֻгİոܱȽ̣Ҳûô⣬һؼնЩ̵ĸܵ˹Ŀֲǰļͥʽ֮ͬն
ȥ룬⴬ɱȳҪһ࣬ĴҪģͳ͢Ļһ˾ͷˡ
飬ҲˣôĴ룬һҴɵûʱգԭĴֻǲһǲҪսսҪ͸ˣҪеëУξýҵѵ
ղŸ޷һίĸ˵
Ϊǰ溫վһ٣˶һǧսǲһʮңﵽʮ֮ǵЧ߯Ҳˡ
պߵҪȥ£뾡취Чʣ˵ĹӦϿͻѵǿͻĴôҪ첻˵ҿԻ˰
޷æǡҵĴģһ취Чʵġ
ֵҪסͬˮۣˣ֮Ľ飬ֻȿ㣬뵽㣬Ҹһλᣬǽ黹û޵ĵز˴˶ǶԷΨһᣬõĻһỻ˵ġ
ǣ֪ˣ޷һĨһֱͷ
յǵù˴ˮ촬½촬ǻǿøá
ڿЦʵôģ˭ȥģκηǻ󣬾Ϊ㲻г󣬹ʴ˲Ųϵͻƣѧֻԭǲ״һҪϵĴ£Ҳ˵ʣ״ˣһᱻ̭ģǲ
һԵն˼ѵ˼ˣ׺˵ЩȫͬģʽҪǳ͢Ļֲ͢ǮٰյۣҪʡֻѹȡҲֻñӴ򣬲ĺŶֻбӣҲΪʲô쾵촬ǳǧ򣬵˾ͲͬҵǮҾʸȥҪԶһЩҪʣǮϾ͵ȡͻƣԼŰ졣
һҸոˮĻϣնվڼװϣ˾޴Ļпһһֶܹϧ⴬½ЭͬҾһķգĻ⴬ˣܹΪҾٲٸ
ɫ⣬ǰ˾Ҳ̸۹Ϊ⻹ǿеġ
նŶһ˻
յܹԷˮʦôǵսܹͨظ߾ʻֻҪȽ߾ĺ˽趨ü㣬ǵĻͿȵִＯ㸽ֻҪǵĴܹռ켯㣬ΪźţǵĴֻܹ׼ʱִݹӦϡ
˼ѵüȥ̽ǲһ㡣
յѾȥˣΪ߾ҹó׵˿԰ǡ
ˣ˼ѵԼⲻڸڣѽ˵ԶеĻҪö࣬ǰδйģôӴľӣôҪսۣȻҪίˣһʯʯʳѾ͵ֿ⣬Ļֹôɵġ
ʹ˵ĻΪ̫ðˡնüһû¼Ļǵݽ޷ӼãҾѵľأ߾֪һ֮󣬿϶ƽȫ⼯ġ


1669 ܹʣ
أ
ǵնԴ˶Ե÷ǳء
˵ҪعƳΪóսǺ£ӦôôҪǺڳ⣬ֻʧܣʧԽܵģһ㣬޷ҲǶһЩƳȫġЩԣʳԼĺ棬Ҫ̤ʵ࣬ƮϾ̫ˡ
ǺΪܹܣǵ뷨϶һģˣʡʡ˿϶Ҫ½ʡǮӹɵģǳʶġֻʱֻɻأΪʹ͵濼⣬ȻὫеݶôˣѾһЩѾӪݵȵأòֿ⡣ǿԽսֳһһεģһ㣬ǾͻὫ˵һǰһԼΪ׼ϱߣôڵͿࡣ
޷Ǿںһ֣Աʱ֮裬Ȼ󽫴ֻΪƶĲֿ⣬ƽ
նüһҾֵƣ޷ͻ
յͻϮڳʤδУ·䣬ҲϵģЯյݣͻϮֻǴһȱڣ޷ȡʤջˣһݾͶҾòӰ졣
նͷ⺣Ҳзյģһô죿
·Ҳзգо͵ϮѺӡյңѾһЩ棬ֿ⣬ʳڷ˷գҲܹӴӵĻԡ
˼ѵȥЩֿ⣬üô
ЦȻü㿴⴬룬ȽһЩãȻ͵⴬װˣֵȻҲˡ
˼ѵ룬ôһǰ£ֻ˵ʱ̫죬Ѿˡ


ˣûڣܾò̤ʵ
շǳӭǰģΨ֣С
ʵ֣ǰѾɽֻһֱæŸЩɽΪʲô˷Ƶôﹺݣⱳʲôɸ˵ĿģղŸݵġ
֣ЦЦҿɲһס
Цⶼҵ÷θ֮ԣɷ·ģԲԶû£㣬ľͰ롣
һͬ뵽ڡ
֣̾˿㻹ǽ˳뻯ľأŹ˶ãݾѾﱸòˡʱǮ󷽵ˣǶмⲻ֪һж㰵вݵģЩƽʱ˭Ҫǰͬľżһ㣬Ūڹ֮䡣
æɲô˵ǻǺܾģ˫Ӯȡ裬ַһռˣǿװǣǾԣʵˡİֻҲǻͷβ
ˣҲŪڹ֮䡣
֣ӣҿûƭ㣬Ҹһֱǽĵģʲôˣû㡣
֣Цʲô˵ҲӦ㣬ʲôǮǣҲһӦ
̾˵һù٣ѽ˵Ҳԣ˵ʵҲԡ
֣ЦԶǶԵġ
ңҡհڰ֣ɫΣ
֣еͷѾɽЩ̸ˣǶԴҲǷǳĶΪǶвʳֳԲ꣬Ҳȥϣ̸
Ϊ֣ɽǳߣҶԸȥ
յҽ۵㡣
֣£۵
յǹڸ߾һжļ۸񣬼ȻһȻг۸
֣еҲū澣
յͷʵԸ߾յģһף˶ûбѡ񣬽ˣٲ
ֻ֣΢΢һЦ⻰ͱȽαˡΪƷͬʱҲʵʵ
һĨΣתƻˣҷŻֻЩ岮úýѵһ
֣Цȥ룬Ҳġ
ղΪΣ
֣еﲻȳʿֵ÷ǳģһ㲻ǲġ
ڳһʿĽ޾ͱģɽʿʿ壬壬ϲʲôЩ¸صˣŲҺ۵ҺգǿǾԽݡ
ճһٺòˣԭѾϣĻҾװӣ˵ʲôǾʲôҾ۰ġ
֣еҿɲš
յġǿѹͷߣǣҵȻǣ֮󣬴Ҹ߸صȫ̷Ͼˣɷ죬νġ
֣кЦ㻹ǳʵ
յҷԣ㽻̸䷢Էθ֮ԣƭġ
֣Ҳѣ֮󣬿ҲǸ߸
΢΢ü˻
֣еҴȥһط
ո֣гţеһʱһСɽ档
㿴Ǳߡ
ָ֣Զ
վĿȥǴƬĹ԰һ޼ʡ
֣е֮ǰѾȥǱߡ
յͷһĿ
֣е֮ǰһƬ԰ĹģֻһңȴʮЩģѾԶԶʵΪʲôΪ߾͢Ҫ߾ʴҪôʣǴ֮󣬴һô죿ȥͻȫõЩׯҵЩСּžкüǧˣЩָúȥδӣ
վȵÿ֣У벻㾹Ȼܹ뵽һ㡣
֣пЦԶֻǸ֮жϵģݵ֮Ѿ˳һ£սǿ϶ҪôˡȻᣬ뵽һأ
ǵȻûпǵһ㣬⻧ֻҲɲȥˡյͷ˵ĺܲЩĲѾʵʵΪⶼΪս׼ģһһ㡣߾ޡټüһѵĲˣ
֣üͷһ壬ƺ뵽ʲô
յǰ͸˵սｫ˽ӹܣ˲ѡڸ߾ӪЩƷЩڳˣǸԴôЩƷﹺ򣬵ȻѽоǣҪ߾Դ˻عڣҲǱؾ֮أˮû˳ԣһˮˡսؽȫݣ⣬һûHг
֣еͷ˼øӳԶ
ЦλϣҲ뵽һġҸұ֤֮ݽΪɽΪԣء
ͬʱҲüƻзǳҪһ
ʱԶú飬ݱݱʹУξսݣˮʦ
ա֣Բϲ


1670 첻
һĺϢ
ʵЩӣանǶսеһЩǣΪȰټã߾սԣˮʦܷȡʤҪģˮʦ޷ȡʤǿܻʹıսԷ롣˵Ϊ׼˺ü꣬ȡʤҲ˵ȥ
պ֣öµʤϢ̸ˮʦӪ
Ϊ´ȥֻ̽Եģ˽һ¶ԷʵǱ뷵صģһ·򵽵׵ģҲܸ½һɿ촬촬ô죬ʴ˼ȻϢˣô¿϶Ҳˡ

УξǶɵĺǽȮӰ
ˣսҲǽȡʤ
ա֣и⣬Ц
ôֻն˼ѵһɽڣ֮⣬һλò˫ӣǵĶ£ֻһףˢѩѩȺջҪɾһЩ¼ҵ˶ǳעǱ֮˧ʡ
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նǼúˣ׷ôպô༶ġ
Ҳȭһ֣е֣֣ˣ
֣йЦϲϲ
һѹ󣬺֣
ЦǺǵУξһ鷽ŵĻɡ
һ㶣漴΢ЦŵͷսҶʵѾǳ˽⡣ڣǴֻ׽ԶҾҲ·սҾֻĲ࣬ƺЩУֻɳҾĲӭսǹƾǿȡʤ
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ûȡǷǳӱûж֮ո෴£Ƴ촬ովԾʽͻƣֱ֮Ķ޽Ҵļߡ
ЦʵҪûһأ
¸һ죬Ŀն˼ѵˣƬ̣ŵûһҾҪһȡʤ
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˼ѵʵ̽ʵȡʤôΰأ
µҽȫˮʦѰˮʦսˮʦǴɴӰ׽½޾лʱټñӡ˵ȭĩԸʾǰ
ڽԣɫ죬ǳ
Ŀһɨλ飬ĪŲң
ЦǺǵ˰ʹ¿ɲҹܡ
նǳί˵ҿ⻹ø󣬲
Ըڸ⺣ߴ硣
ཫҲ׷׵ͷ
£æ˵ǣ̫ˡ
նǳȥ֮󣬺ߣЦʵ¹ӣսжİܹȡʤ
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ЦǴӴսľԣо԰գԼҲ˵ˣ˽ȡʤˡ
ֻǡ
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ЦǺǵǫôǷ֪ĳֽǶ˵ǫʵһֻԡսϣҶȥƴȴԲԣһǫ鲻սҲпܻ밡˵꣬˳ȥ
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նֲڳǿ϶룬ûһˣͿܻġˮʦȫͣ̽÷ǳѴ˭İöͳ˧ˮʦ˾սһУξҲΡ
Ǳߺճ˴ʣ˳ȥֿǱߡ
ԺˣһΪ㽫Ƕˡ
زֿƃˣǼ۴УҵʷǽΧסҪ֪ڼ䣬һֱӲֿһֱ˼ѵڸûֿ⡣
ЦɵúþˣʲôϵҲ˳·ѡ
ƃһ㶣ҲŶ漴ֵǸԺ߯ҲˣͬҲġ
һ۵ܹôϰǶŪˣҰҪǡ
ΰ
ƃһøƵá
ҵȴѾȡ˽ѵһڹ£ԺٸһλᡣҷŶУξҲǴ˶١
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ЦЦǷ֪öȹ˺ü꣬ոһգ긴һΪ͢ѵˮʦͺͼֻĻᣬѧԺ飬ԵòͷǶδ֤ԼսǺǣһ뵱±Ԫ˧ˣô˵¡
˱շ̵ĴͷҪξжΡ
ҵļ򣬡úøɣ¶ڼֻ֣ҪǼȥһջģǾ仰ô˵ţŶ첻˰
첻ˣ
һֱгһܹ߾Ϊ棬ΪӵܱѩޣΪ˺ܶܶ࣬Ϊǫ飬룬ԣ̫ˡ
ûգǱͻȻϢټþϹޣ޷ҲϣƾϽԮ
Ըڵ֪Ϣٿ顣
ټֹޣϰض飬ҾܹӰ׽½޾ϱлһټáնָŵͼ
Ըȴټ֮ԸҽȥޣҪԭҴƸˮʦפڰ׽ڣֹҾϰ½
׽ԺĽƾѵ½ص㣬½ֱӲټõĸأ޾ټõĽ½½ĻǾ͵һ·ܵȥ½Ȼߣ϶ȥⶼƾĿ֮Уû貹һаԵ͹ȥ
˵Ըһֻ̾ϧӹǲ
նƣóսҪ½أŲǰĵĸǿֻҪܹ½ܹһΣڣȽ͹ȥȻĻֻȣбƵô
˼ѵ¾ûĽɵô
վĩ˵Ķɫһ
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زǫˣææվĩԸǰ
Ҷ£Щǡ
ʵǶ³߯ҲƯˣûӣҪܹԪһǰ죬˼һܺ䡣
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Ըʵ£ٰգ
ʮɡ
նĩʵѾָƣȻҾԶ෽ռоƣֱֻ֪֪ײĩ֮ĩǰǱˮ飬ƬˮҲָƣĩûܹĩʺϵΣŲĩĩԸ״
ȡ˽ѵǫ飬ﴵͶˡ
΢΢һĨЦ⡣
˼ѵǵУξսҾҪаգ
µĩΪĩһͬǰĩоˮʦֱӴӰ׽½
˵ˣ˼ѵҲûɶ˵ģջԸϾˮͳ˧
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´ϲȭĩ
Ըǧ㣬û㵽ºһǧ


1671 Ͻ
˵ȷʱӢۣҲǶļֻģƾǶ¼ڹе͵λȥʮĻְһҪߣδôѡݣѵˮʦ긴һ꣬ոһգΪļֲиΨʣˣƲ䵽ͷϡ
֮󣬶±ͳ˧һʮսһɺѰˮʦս
ʵˮʦֻаǧΪԸ½вȥǧ֣Ϊǰһսľ¶ģƾ޽ֿԶڴģһƣǵȻƷӵޡ
ͬʱնҲͳ˧һͬǳֻר˱ģ߱ʲôսʴǽ;һͣһȡʤ̶ɺ½ټá
һԽʡʱ䣬ҲԽӦ¡
еĻ˼ѵݴʷʹ죬Ӣ˼ѵȻǸڵģΪܹܣҪǸǹ߾Ȼǰټõġ
ʹҲʱתԭʡΪǴһ帮帮ͽᵽʷҪټãݾͱ÷ǳҪΪն佫֮սûĹٸʹ챾ˣʵ۱ȽϽȻҲ˽ʹĲܣ帮Ѿˣʹն

ƽĺϣ޽ſԶԶȥʮ׳ۡ
һҷмսԣһϵս
Уξڰ׽ڣƾҾƣʼնŲ
ԲһЦҲɵѽ֪ںҾսСƴΪǵɣȥ׽֮ս
һ˵Уξǰ漸̽׽ڵƽ˾ȥսĻҾֻƿ·Ӳ
Ц֮ߣ̴ȫ׽ڡ

˵ҲȤһŮˣʷϳ֮ʣĵһλŮʣʱǷǳģɼȷһŮ˵ʱŮ̫д֣ս޵УϺĵȥˣԺıǵķΪһֱս޲ʤ޲ˣ޵įλصܡ뵺֣սһ´ơ
ﲻǴͣҪһҵģǶԴǳĺϣܹսʤƣǾܹư뵺ܹ뵺ܹפԭ
ԭܵټá߾ԻΪƾˣʴˣƾֻ֣ľӳսƾ˻ˣǿͻˣⶪˣּսӦսһ˾ŪܶӣԤеһЩһѽ
Ҳ֪ټʱ϶컨׹ҴǿСƣҳݡ
ϧսܣĹȥǿҽڣ̫󣬷ʵãҪڰ׽ھսһʤ
Զδȴˮʦڵѹ˹
㲻ҪүսôүԸ㿴үˡ
ƾȻסȻ׽ˮֻƾ紫һ޴СڿԵԷӡ
ƾ׽ڣˮʦ˹
վڴͷһҡͷ̾˶֣ʹȡʤֻҲ޷ʹ졣
˵ˣཫʿҲɵˣȫûͣһһӵϳ壬Ψƻ
ƱǱ࣬㻹һһӵϳ壬ǶƾԣͲǴֻռƣ϶ռơ
ȫ
ⲻ֪һͳһĹңľǸмǺЭģǿƾͶټǰս԰ܣȲҪһѩǰܣҲͷ
ͷ¿ɲǽ
ƾǿȻԴ£׶𣬴ֻû壬ȰӻһЩ
ƾ޽ߴ̣滹ƤӸ£ֻװĸͣСһһĸ£Ǿ͸ĲӬƵãСľǡ
˵˼άʽʱ⣬Ҫƾҳǿ϶ϽձƾҪڵĻҲǷǳѵģͳ˧ôΪǲеģǵһ壬ֲϵĲ㣬ôബֻһߣҲԴԴϵġ
Ǻս㳲ڵƾ
ҵĴֻ󣬵ҵ˶࣬ҶôˣֻҪǣǾ·һһܵõôս
վڴͷԶѹѹһƬ˹Ҳ֪ͼǿԼսǾͷǳΣˣ´ת͡վָϽΪƾͷǳδûңܿʹֻ
ƾˮʦͻȻſǾȻ˿ңЩû˿ĵ춼ѵ͵ת̫ˡ
ǲԼ˰
ô棬ǹ˼ҵĸû
ɱڳƾͻȻɢˣ±ˡ
ոȥô°
ڱսһǶų壬ʿƴþӲʵ湦ҴӮ㣬ܹӮ㣬ʲôթ۲һףƾȫأӦøҶԳǣ㿪ˣô죬ʱͻ˸
ͷ̽Ѿȫû·ʲô͡սǲν޾壬㶵Ҳ²Ҫģ²£ֹģս»治ҸӲƴ仯һ䣬ԷͻңΪ͵ҪǱͳ˧ָӣû;ûָӡ
ƾſ֮˲ͽ˸ԲȻ߼ѹ
һѷûָӣȥߣȥߣֻֻм伷һţ㿴ƾˬҿұƾˬԼײԼ
ʱֻƾͷϣɫʱ䣬ǧ֦ǵصֹ
Сľһ㼴ȼ
Ҳ޾壬ʱΣңŭ𹭼ƾƾĴƤģΪ˷ֹ˵Ļ𹥣ר˻ӣ⴬Ƚϴ󣬵ȼһҲܿˣСĻһȼϾˡ
¼ѾŨ̹һ֡
̾ǵ
ֻһҼСͶʯѾϴͷڷ״̬Ϊֵĳ֣СͶʯͶҲǳɹۣŵĿɲʯͷһСľͰ
Ͷʯ뷢ЩСľͰ׷С
ܿ죬ֻһٻӺ
ûйãڵĺȫȼһƬ֮Ѹֱͣ̾Ϊֹ
ֻҵĽ
ԭӵʯͣΪⶫѾڴƱһЩãɽպҲʯ͸棬϶ܹõǶ¾˳һЩˣΪ׼û𹥣ô̵ƴĻԷôˣոǿôƴù𹥿Ϊʡµġ
ɴ˿ɼƵľ÷չǰСũӵǵݡľƷӵʯͣôĸߴϰ
ǻϽͣʹˮ
ʯһȼǶ㶼ûеط㣬վڴϵľͱɿˮ̣Լѡ
ƾʿһ߷Żһ߾Ŀ˻ȻרŲ֣Ϊһ壬ȻҪɱǾͱɱ⡣
ֻ죬ˮԳ࣬׳ۡ
һĮѶ΢΢ƫͷԸȥ֪ͨսǡ

һͻȻУξҪҪȥ׽Էͳ˧˵ܹץһġ
µͳ˧ôõ֤оһҹ׽ڰ
ƳǷǳѪͳģԼڵ嶼ӣοˣһ壬ͷɢ̹¶飬ҰƵãľҲûʲôֵ
ǸȵУξǵǼˮʦҪ½Ļֻ»ʧأ⻹ǵõս˵ɡ
ѾǳǼĻܻòʧ
΢΢һĨ΢Цֻȥġ
𶼻գһٶսֱ׽ڰ
Ͻʿ޹պ˳ʼӿƾǳ˳ϣɽˮ޹죬ư硣
죬ڰؾֻҪûϹģǽۣҲӦöˣȹģˮս˶ɵģּδƾϰսͳ˳˽ֻԶԶŵöףϯӡ
ʵڰһʿפأˮʦıĲһȥǿȥҲʧأˮʦԾͲ㣬ǵ˵ĵѾˣողĿһ˼䱯磬Լ㲻Ǳɿ̣ʱƾо񽫣ǲսʤģҪʱɢ
ԣֻȥ῿ģǵﰶߣؾܵһʣȫǵ˶ĿױսһƥûС
ƾʮֵ˳ռ׽ڰΪƾĵ½ؼһ
ϢҲܿ䴫ݡ
ʱ֣СС֡СҰźʡ

ǡ
ȫ
ȫ
ȷ
ȷ
һǳ򵥵⣬Ȼվ˫˫Ŀһ˿ͻȻһ߷ǰİһ죬ζĺʵʱһضǣմ£ӾͲȥ
һٶʱŻܵǡ
֣ȻС磬ǲˣҾȡʤ
ռú˶ˣ֪֪һѻʮᰡҪȥǻƲģģһߴ໰һȳһյȥ
ܵæ磬ȥ
ϵȥүģʮôûˡ
⴫ʵ

ܵܶʱŻˣææ˳ȥ磬ɱ벻
СҰȻ֪ղɱͷʲôʮᰡ
֣ͻȻӦ΢΢һֹ̾еϧץģܹɱ¾ܹ˵ˣҡͷһ̾


1672 һ
ķǳΪװƣȻĻҲԼĽȥӣ۵ĿԼ
Ҫ֪˴γľѣĿǰΪֹֻһʱˣû򵥵ģڽǮ̣һǮĿǲС
ǷôǮϵѹܲô
÷²ȥǮ㽫²ɱˣǮȥѽ
ˣľӢôһѻ𶼸ˣһмۣƽһֵᣬʮᣬʳʮǮһ˶ʳ
ܲôܲô
վдŹȥݺݵһ£ôҲʥģộ֮ҪΪҪи߱Ƹ񣬲ɱ޹ܱ߹ɲõӡָնǣܲɱɱԼǮ򵥡
Ǻյķŭֹܹ
һսƾˮʦȫһĴڣԸǶţû뵽˵ĲϽݱȥûʵۿĿġ
Ҳһս
ȴ±ˣ˵õķ²أ
ǸϽҺա
飬֪ɱ޿ɱģɱ˵ĻǵĽô죿
ǲһЩ帾ǰɡ

Щ˶Դ˸еЩǣս棬ɱˣ񲻶׸档
΢΢һЦλ԰꣬ʱˮʦֻôԭҲûҼ֮УǱ߲ǻаټú͸߾ôǷģǩԼҾƲΥԼġɣҾڰټվȽŸҾȥټãЩ²
ټѾƾеĲˣƺøϽϡ
ȥƺҲǼƻ֮һǰһƾͻ÷ȥЩ²ʳ̫˷ˣβ˻ع
ǮЩǵǵǶ񣬶ҲûдѺͷ²֮£ֻá
Ҳͷһظ£Ҳ֪ô졣
յһרŰʿʹֻͷ²ǿԱ
ֻС¡
ǼæӦҪǾӻ͵ĻǾʡĶˡ

ǱնӰ׽ڰ˳½븱Ӣ·нϣֱưټöaǣ񺫹ϵ࿤
Ϊʲô׽ڵԭΪһֱټõ࣬ҲƾΪóսֱӹԷĺĵشٶˡ
ǰټùǱ޿ɱܣĵطãƫƫҪҶǣҲֻ֮ƾս
նǱ˺ܾãټϰ׽ڴʤƾʿʿǣһɽͻһ㣬a϶ʮսգƾưټþնɱǧˡ
һ
û취Ϊսɱģƾʿǣ͵һBôһȥǮûˡ
ǰټùŷӡ
ˣƾΧգǳ˳aǣռ˰ټõ׶

ټСaǰټõ׶ʹǱȽɣȻƵĻǲȡ
Ǻǣ벻ⵯСǲٰ
˼ѵһе˼£ֻͷһ˷һ㣬һöͭǮ¡
ǡ
Ҫɺھӹܵ˹ٸĲƲͬʱҲŵЩǮֺ͢ȡȴ֮󣬶ó͸йĽʿôҪǹ淶նȻҲӦӦҲУ㲻ӦĻҲݣԼǮȥݡ
ǷֿýҲϾݶںھ
˼ѵֳԵĵֿǱߵô
ǹЩ뵽ʳߣǵѾӹˣ˵еݻ١
Ӷࡣ˼ѵЦЦֵ˱Σ
ǵڽЩ˲ȥʹסֻʹҪɵʵ̫ˣֿЩ㡣
ûµģһȥս˵һЩ²ȥѺݣǵֻܡ˼ѵ˵̾˿һΪ˷ͦɵģԭǰҪæµ
ûڲӣǴսս÷²ȥѺݣ˾ܹɸ¡
ʹڡ
ϣ

ֻһھ̧һ²˻ʹҲǺ´ҪԱõľסط׶õĵطǵȻǻʹʴˣ˼ѵúھеԱ̧ʹҽΡ
쳤һҽƱ˰Աϴ˿ڣҩ
ҽҲҪ飬Ϊ쳤ǰĪİԭջԸҪϵɱġ
ʹһƬ
һжȻΪڳ֮ǰƶһ׷ǳܵĹƶȣ֮󣬺ھʲôʲô˹ʲô£޾ϸ
⺫һ˲ţ˴γĲͬڣļûô䶯񶼻ݣսȴǰǴΪͬ
ӢնʹĴܱߣӢһԱڵ鲼ʱҽڣе治ѡ
Ÿոմ꣬ⲡ͸̺ˡ޻鲼þͲô󣬵һЩ档
նЦôǿɾʡĶˣֻܴˡ
ӢЦŵͷ
ʱʹͻȻ첽˹ܹܣٺòˣʿֱӳ˼ҵĸۡǮұȥܵģͷĽȴ˵Ըġ
նӢһۡ
ʹɵĿǣܹԸİɣΥ
նһҷԸģ֮⣬ǺҪôġ
ʹ쾪ȵΪΣ
նЩʿĶǰټõѫ󡢹ԱΪЩţպĹϾ̾ôãСǣǽ»ÿɫһжҪҴƣضʴպٴͻƳ֮ʣһЩңȽȸˣպǾͺýӹʷģѰգǲΪǵġ
ӢЦǺǵҾúôǳԣЩˣŻһ鷳ͻʱҲɱ˲ѫô
ʹԣԵͷͷسĹٳ̫ˣֱ͸ǿһսټõһУȥծءԴЩѫУңҪǵĻӹǵǣƣϾͬͬ壬ضһĵģǳҪģǣԾ֯١

һͨٿ첽˹ȭܹܣǱߴϢ޾ټõ;Уټþǿֿʧأ񱻰ټþ޾ڡ
նü벻޾˵ĲһԺǲ̫ǡ
ǰټһֱڶñֻƾ½ټֽ˻ضǣǱߵȻǴٷƾܰټ֮Щಿֻܶܣɼ޴ǱƸʣ°ټþˣһڡ
̫ˡ
Ӣ̵¹ǰȥɡ
նӢƬ̣ڰֵȵﰲ֮ʷǰȥұ·ȥټõǳء
ӢΪΣ
ʹҲһ졣
նǱߵʤĻʱһټãռ˰ټõҲܻǣҲҪʴӦٹռټõ඼ǡ
ܼ򵥣ҪȽ޸ȳǾܹƾˮ㣬ƾǰռ죬Ͼѣʱ˺㣬Լڣȥ£ƾ߾ܹûĳǳأټȫΪƵİͼɶǮѽ
ȻⶼǺոնõģǿԸ
Ӣͷ¹ˡ
ʹžͺܲΪʲôȥΪô
նʹ죬æʷĪᣬǰȥ˵ȷʵΪĹٳǾ֮⣬ǰ漸սʷͣҶǿģȻĻҲǰȥϾɲ򵥣ҪӮֲӮ̫죬Ҳʧء
ʹնˣپЩΣҲ֪ն⣬նǰȥĻҪģǱ߿϶óʹĹ٣ǾͿɣǹֵܹģĳһ񡣡


1673 Ǯǵ
ڼټ°ټöaǺټѾҡҡ׹һžܹߵնȻҲ̳˴ͳ˧ͳδ͸֮ǰǾƲĴģһͱ㣬Ǿһţ㲡һҪ
ǣ֮նӢ·ټǳءʹǰ޾Ԯ
ƾҲʿǣսݣҴůԵñԱֵԷǳõչˣʲô˲»ߣҲһ£ҽϢգʿá
ΪյĺھҲսսaǺ󣬾Ů澣ҽƶҽԱ
Щ㲻ɱҲţβܵǡȻǵĴҽŶ࣬ںյļƻУЩŮ澽ൽҽŶӵУǣΪū澲а˼룬ֻзӵ˼룬Щǣշǳġ
a˼ѵն˴γֻܴ̣£ȫھɼȷʵʷţѺ٣ʿһʶУȫǲȨǷǳģЩܹҲÿɫ
ȻԵúã˯úãΪʲôġ
˼ѵպյļƻڵ˷Ϊŵȣǵ߸ԵģȻ෴Щѫ󡢵ҪĴ󣬾ҪǴٲ֮أٸǷ²ĻΪ˵ƾʿͱھΪնѺݣʳȻƾҲԵñЩְҵʿͳһū澽׼Ҫȥծ
λ΢Ĺ̽׼õĴǹص㱣֮ǰն͸ʿƲɱǲū澣ܶ˭ᵱǹĻտɵúЩܹóƹҵչѸͣ蹤ôʵҲһЩСˣΪ̵Ļһ㶼ڵУѾҵ˶ץˡ
ôһĻڵİգҲûжٵֿΪƾֻԸˣûǣЩƽʱҲѹǣˬˬЩΪʵˣнˡ
˼ѵҲӭΪæµʱ̡
ҹ
˼ѵڰǰۣƣ֮ɫ
һһ鹤ĸٵ۹ɫѾˣЩȥϢɣʣµЩɡ
˼ѵ̾ջиҪæһͷ̫Ҫȥţ˭úռƻô꣬һزύǸ٣ȥЩס׼κ˿ɡ⣬ȥܱߴ̽

Ǹٽӹزֵ۹ݺļƻҪеضջʹũڡ㿴
˼ѵⲻǴʱڣ°꣬סĿǣҪƻ˵صĴǾ͵͸ȥȻЩũǰĸأǲǵġ
ΪͳΣһҪϺֿ˲ܻͶܿʼ򻯣չƷãԺȥĻͺ鷳ἤԹʴҪռĳڣͽЩ¸Ūˡ˼ѵΪҲں꣬Ͼʱɾֲʳˡ
նʤϢܿʹݡ
֯˶ɺǰټá
ǮǼѽǿԿرˣΪǶǵһȻˣҲǺԼǲǿԵõԼҪģ̫ڴˡ
ͬʱʳ½½͵֣ҹͣΪԭв˶ڹûǮ󷽵˽⺫գԹûôɹ˭֪⳯͢᲻ţһǼٽ壬ƭǵʳ͢Ҳ£񿴵лر׷ȿֺ󣬾һЩС
߲ܣ۵д÷ǳϸ٣͵õ١
˸ո뿪ãѦʹ˱ݡ
벻˲һҴһУξȫûҾʧǻڳȥģӹ֮
ڸУЦ
һֱûи˴̣ôᣬôΪˢӣ֪ôĲһ
ʴڵõ˶ȫˮʦϢ̴׼߾ΪǶ֪ټѾ͸һ𣬰ټڲ϶Ҳҳһţƾնǽǿ϶ģ°ټã˵һڶǽ߾
ֱֻӿӪݣȵһݣΪǵĿҲϾҲһƲ磬øúһ¡
ЦȻûΪʹΰȻδ뼴㻻˾գ£˾ҲҽҪ񽻸һУξʴˣû˲ɣҾҲȡ˴ʤ
ͷ˵òϷĻϷȷôͿսȷʹΰ
⻰һҲûսܣһУξԸȻսȻǹͻǵüԸͷϡ
ԸмĿۺգֵңңңϧȴЩ˱µĴ£Ըй޹
ǫ飬Ϥ࣬нաڰֳ֣źյ飬ѾӪݣ׼ô
ǳºͣ£ܱﺫգȥ
Ц˾ǲ۵ĻھȥǱ߿
ЦǺǵҲҪȥϾǵĿ
һǰ֡
үүˣ
ҵˣľӭ
ĿһۣھְӦóϷܹܡ
ҵһ㶣æȭְҵܹܣѦ
ԵͷȥɡСվһһߴȥ

ҵȭһֻزֿȥˣ۵ԵЩΣүү̫ˡ
СûҰɣ
ЦҿɲǵҪְҲûǻᡣ
ЦŵͷȥֿӲ죬ֻǶѻɽݣģŶͷƤ飬Ҳеȡ
ɶϵȵʳ
ѦʹֳһСڵ
ЦһǮһĻʵҲУյļ۸Ҳͣ񶼶ġ
һģҲʳôܹ档
տЦҲ룬µֶڽ쵱Уֻʱ档
գգֶۣأ
յͷͶˣҿսǴһЩȥĻֻܶѵȥˡ
ôţ
Ѧʹ󶼻һЩš
ʱ˸ߺһʯϵڡ
Ѧʹ󾪵ʱʳ
Ѿսˣһ£ʳѾ׼á
ЦǺǵɽǷǳеġ
ݳ㣬ѦʹǵȻġ
ִȥֿӲ죬ԭ⣬⻹Ҫҩ⣬ҩĶѻɽͬʱһҩרŸо̱رҩһģѾˣ滹дҩЧýС
¬ʦԼ˾գѦ
¬ʦ˹һ
벻¬ֶҲˡ
¬ʦڨڨ˾գҩġ
ԭˡǺһЦֵֶĸͽֶҾʿ֮
¬ʦԵ˾չˣҵ
Ц˾գɱٿˣʵҲһǻὫ߾һЩɽҩֲؽ¬ӡ
¬ʦͷ
ʵ¬ʦԵνںǮǺҪһе裬һᡣ
ȴЦҩ¬ֶУҲһ°
¬ʦԡ֣ˣ˭ϲΪֻˣẦˣǻˡ
ҩִȥѦʹͷһظֹܵĿֲ¡ЬǶƵģЩǶΪĿġ֮о̵һоʣӦоУǳ㡣
ѦʹǷǳ˷ܣ˵һЩˣûбãǮǵ㡣
ǻ˵ô֧֣Ҫǻ޷߾Ǿǵ⣬ڶѾֵز
Ǽʶǽʿճʱն˼ѵҪһЩǰͻʱЩܹԵôḻⶼͨʿԵķˣּĽӺһƣƶںյĿƵУҪȾǺ鷳һ¡
ͨʿԵô
Ѧʹʵ
տ˿ɫȻЦԶټõĽʿǴʱڳͬķˡ
֮⣬ǰټûöɺǶܳԵôã·ȥģֻԵøá
Ц治Ϸ򵱳ټ㵱ⰲʹ
ѦʹԵһԭ˾ټģôôǰδ˵
ɫһһҪΣжΡ
һƻȻ˵ɼѾ˵εĵزˡ
հЦҪ˵ƃ˶żˡ
һתƻ飬øϽ˵Ӫݵȵȥ
յݵͣһЩµ뷨극֮һ¡
һϲյǻ˷ܵģȵ극ǿһ߳ԣһ


1674 ɽҪ
պƣ治֪һ߳ԣһβϾֻһ죬ɼѦʹȽǶǳڴֻĨĨ죬վøٽĵͼС
ǵûкôḻæվߵͼǰ
ͼǡ
΢΢üԾͲǹٷͼ
յҵڸ߾Ǳ߾ϸ̽Ϳ죬Ƴɵĵͼ
Ѧʹʱȥأ
ЦǺǵҪȥ߾ȻҴ𣬵˫óһֱδмϣвڵء
Ѧʹüˣ
˲ף˭Ǯ˭ģôܹȥ
ҲˣڳԵõĶ˵ģбµǲ԰ֹţȴѦģЩ˶ҵˡ
ѦʹԵͷԭˡ
ɫϻ۹⺣ǷУʱ˾λǣҸ˾÷ǳԣҾֻҪȶźãƻ꣬ЩǻǿԿ˷ġ
ͽԼļƻѦʹȽһ顣
ӪݵҪǸ𹩸߽ࡢHĲӣǹ߾ĺڣ䣬Ǳ÷һ·ź߽ܹȷܹȫЩص㣬Ѿȫ趨ãڵͼ˱ǡ
ƻһݣǲΪӪ
һ㣬ӿû£ҲûʳΪǲ㣬ͿȷһʧֿԶת
˼ĵͷĻȷеġ
ֵˣѾڿߵĵ죬֣⴬ӶҪݲҲҪеݶװϴֱЩϾͿԵõҲԻرܷ˵ķա
ѦʹͻȻȻӿͶݣǷҲͶ;أ̫ʥָ߾ʱ߾ҪɽءأҾɷǳѣǵĴܹͶ͵˵ı棬ôǾͿлˡ
ͷţɺʯǣׯִܻǣأؾһأϷҲôǲһ֧ӣʯǵ½Ϊ߾һˮߣܹʯ˳½ĻԷֵǰߵѹսĪİ
ԸæͽȥɣѾõòˡеҪΪˮʦĻỹ治࣬½ˣ⺣Ѿûˡ
ͷҪˮʦʵˮʦʲô
ԸսѾ˰ټ׶ˮʦҲѾɣӦѾڷˡ
ʵΪأ
ЦǺǵ˾գֻǸƶƻνʹﵽʿǵУЩǰկ£ңⲻǳЦô
һ£漴ǺЦ
һǾȡյļƻΪյƻõսƻûгͻ޷ǾǽɴֻȻλܹаսʳ͵Ǿˣô¡
ݴһЩӣЭͬ˰ź֮󣬱Ӫݣ׼Ը߾
Ȼڽ֮ǰնܹƽټãǾ͸ˣΪնܹϣл߾
նȻҲףǧϵɲֻΪ˴һټãټֻ߾Ǵ͡
նڰټһ·ɨȥɨҶһ㣬֮оŷɥֲù֮ܺ£ԻƺģͣĹǰկǰټùն׷Ǳͷܣء
ͬʱԪЩҲִ˰ټõĶǡ
һ˼ѵپࡣ
Ϊ˽ū˻ԭҪӹܵء
˼ѵǳˬĸǣĽͭ⣬öǵģԼȥ䣬ȥ
ֵ
Ǯ󷽡ļס԰ǿɲķ⡣
벻ټⵯ֮ػ˷ֵأɱǹеﶼҪõöడǮվֱֵЦټú࣬ʴضǳָ֣ǰһƬأһƬҪˡ
ũɶũڸ֣ÿ̫˵ʲôĻǵɣⶼֵأؾͳǵˡ
úǲˬѵǲôǮؿɻûд֡
Ǯ̵񼣬ʲôϵ㲻Ҫɡ
⻰ǳ޳ܣǶ̣ҪĹϵǾϵ
Ҿݿɱ࣬õӦùҡ
Ǯ󷽵ƾʲô㣬ҾǮ㹻Ƭˡ

ɽҪˣ
ȱľȱ⣬ָǰǴɽ˷ܵµ
޷ǿôһҪɽˡ
ŴҲҪ
⾪Ŀ˿ĵ治Ƿɵʱ򰡣

ӣ˰ټúڴ֮ǰһֱټõĻӵС
Ԫܶغľ̫ȤΪЩ϶ǣȤǹڱ͢¢ϵԴñ˵ú󡣶ңƻ͸ˣԪͰ߿죬ȸѡá
ԪܴһúҲûм̫ú󣬶в̫Ϥ߾أ
̵߾иú󣬵úӵȽϽ䡣
Ԫܿ˿ǰټá߾ĿԴ룬Щ˿϶ѾĿ棬ȥЩ罫ǮȫͶЩ档ȨΣмƽϣ˹⸽·һޣںӵǱŪͷ

۹۹
һֻǮȿֺļ˼ѵʱۡ
˼ѵգüͷһ壬ֻЩ̫ˡ
ǮҲע⵽˼ѵɫãʱӦɲǺѽϽеһǸ
˼ѵˣʲô£
Ǯҿ˿Ȼ֪۹㽫Щظǣ
˼ѵҲ˵ôԼȥѡ
ͳõشҶҪԼֻдأĿأδ˵
˼ѵʹ˼ǣԼʵûôͲȡ۵ķʽɼ۸ߵá
Щ˶˾һ׹ʲôۣǱǼۣʲô˵ˣǻԼɣЩٵģǳ˲¹ͷǸкյġ
֮Ԫ
Ǹеơ
ǹ˵Ĳ˼ѵ˽Ԫ
Ԫܼ常
Ԫ˼ѵԴ
ֶҪ˼ѵʾ⣬˿ɾǳԪң˿ݹϵЦʵúɻ⣿
ԪЦŵͷСֶԪҶл常ȫ
˼ѵæֵ̧Ҳչذ£ԪҳǮ࣬ҲֻԪܹЩ󡣡˵˶٣ֵ˵Ļ;ǩԼɡźҲ˵ˣնʧȥƣ㲻ǻɣҲǣͻǻָơ
ڣǲˣǾɳ͢ǽ˸ȥˣǾڰټõ͢Ǯġ
ԪܵͷӦ
ȻսδǸսԣټòٷҹЩصԼЧģ±ȥˣƳʱǵġ
ô˴ţ˶ԣֱһ˷ѡ


1675 Ҫ裬Ȼ
֮ԼǩԼΪ˾ָлһԭ򣬾Ǻηڣһ÷ŵģ˭ҪžϷԣԶˣͳԶ޳ܣõģֻкܶ˰ͳΣЩʷ顣ڴ֮ǰˣǵȻʲô˵Ǵ֮ѾץˣоɾͲһˣβڣҲԱ֤Щǲᷴԡ
ʴˣ˼ѵߴŴ֮ԼѾ£ľѳۣҪٷڵĻɾͲˡ
ӣѾˣ
ȥգǱúҪѾȫˣٶ˸еȡ
ȻֻһʼѡԪ·ͷ޽ݣҪǮ԰סˡİգÿ춼ÿȼùΪټõľöѾĴǰѾӸѹһգֱƾãûʳģȼõķˣ϶Ǿӳʣµģ֤ǲͿˣԱǲܵģǱҪ̫࣬ʴԪһ˸ʾ԰סģЩǷӵ
˵ˣ˶ڻ£ֻҪһڷԾˡ
ǱǮǻΪɻعͷһԪҶѾʱǶԣǾǮѽ
ҲˣһһҲϽظָɾЩԭȶڻҡѫӵеģЩȫץЩҲ޵
˼ѵЩӾڸһ£ˣÿ˱ֻ⻹ծٶ̫ˣ¸߾Ļٶʳ̵ȥ
֮䣬aǾȫָˣֵҲûʲô˺ˣȡȼõԽԽ١
ǽǱȴôģڽׯ԰ǮǩԼ֮ؾ˽˵ģһúúùΧ˵ԺƤңׯ԰ҪԭЩׯ԰ҪˣΪֵص١ڴƶԣֱǲֵһᣬǶڸ˶ԣ̫Ҹˡ
˼ѵЩԱһУоȣҪǹٸĻһͷڷðףΪٸָƣػؾôһУȰũɣڣֵҪʱģôƺѽûָƣðٰգǸǽЩ˾̫ˣֱӽ˸߸ɻȥˣȻͻָˡ
ԱվһԿˡ
˽ٸ򽻵͵úԴսʱܹˣѾ漣ˡ

⡪ĶôɣֿǷǳõģ˶ϧ
Ҳ֪ôʲô취СǱѾﲻ׼κй˿Ҫɣľָ綼ˣЩܹ׬ǮĶľͷܹżҡǿɡ
ģлˡ
Ŵļ׵һлȻ̷Ը£ǰɣȫˡ
Ĺ涨ټõǲ㽨ģЩֱӽֹģЩͱҪõݹٸ׼Ϊݽôôˣ˼ҪǮģҪǮܱУݵ˿϶ƴǣʴ˵ģһɲ׼ڰټý졣
ΪʲôҪõݵĹٸ׼
˿Ļͱ˵ݣԭض˿񣬶Ѿܹʣˣ㻹ɺܵټʲô˿֯ҵȻ֮ǰټõ˿֯Ʒǳһжֳɵģټɣ֣־Ϳ׬ǮǺղŲЩҪȫ٣ɣֲͳͳݻ٣ǿգ˿֯Ʒһɴݹﲻ׼κ˿֯Ʒ
ǳϧټգЩɣͳͳˣȻ£ǰһֱԴΪûа취ټø˿֯ҵʲôˣҪݵĻ˿֯ҵš
ǿľñ˵˲Σ˵ŪţëƤ⣬ЩݿɶûеģǿԾֺͺԪҲŪһ
ôһأˮ֣һҪɣ顣


ݡ
ڷƽ˾ɳ̲ϣֻܵܡСҰһԣеĳտ
ԶǱ˵еʱæҪ˼æʱеҪΪ·񣬾ǽƻⶨãˣȻˡ
óԣóԣ벻һĩζ
ܵӵһǣһ´Ĵֳָźյ磬ʦĻҵСּſܾ͵ùſ
ЦǺǵ֪áСҰСҰһ
ɣ
ֵܵ磬ûз֣СҰ࣬һˡ
㶵ô
ֱܵͷ
Ǳȱȿ
СҰǱȱȡ
ܵСҰվ˱վš
һϲˣСҰ˲ٰ
СҰҡҡͷҲ֪˲٣ԵøСһˡ
ڳԳСҰɵöһ㡣ǴϲѣܵܵС֣СҰ߿ɵÿˡ
СҰҲСˣһֱСҰߣ֪СҰʱſʼϳ塣
ܵظ磬ľǣÿ춼СҰóԵģСҰøһߡ
СҰǺЦţʵԸ߰ȫν
Զ˺
ƫͷһûɡ
СҰԪǣ
ǾûпƵ
գСҰ
Ԫգֻ֣֮⣬Ԫһ
ۣ㰡ʲô⣿
Ԫܹ˵һƨһͳⶫζִһƣݺݹһڽȥǻܣһֻԼľơ
üʵԪôأ
ⲻǽвӸôԪҰɼ
΢΢һ㶣ǰЩӲ˾˵вӶûѵá
Ԫյʱûѵãѵˡ
գգۣԪһԪһôҲأ
Ԫһҵ˵һ˹ܲǾͽҹ
丸Ӱյĵ֪𣿡
ԪһԪա
ԪյҪСøʲôϵֲС
ƵУ̵ģɲġ
Ԫյڸʲô

տܱ߶ѻǣЩΡ
Ԫֵڴ̣ģѵ棬Ҫ㺫յͬⰡ
յ٣ͱҰ
Ԫյҽвӵȥ
պߵǽ꣬͸߸
ԪЦǺǵν
ͷ̾ðɣðɣôҲһˣһ߰ɡʲô취һǴ磬һֶܲ
ԪյĳԪһգգۡ
Ԫһ˵´һʤ̣ô
յͷʮᡣ
ǮС¡Ԫһһ֣Ҿֻ֪Ҫһᣬһܹһ˵ģֻϧûܸϡˣ»ô
ڻ·ϡֵͱŸһսˡ
Ԫһ߳ţһߵͷ⻰ûøѧϰȡһܹܣ㿴ѽ֪кóԵģž͸ôĺһ
ԪһƲ죬Ȩû
վȵҲأ
Ԫյ⻹㣬ܲһܵ棬ڼɣ˵Ҳþû⺣ˡ
յ㻹ġ
ȻҲŲȥ̣ҪġԪ˵ţͻȻСҰԴЦǺǵСҰ˵ǲ
Ҫҡ
СҰŭ
ԪίΪʲôСܹ㣬ҾͲܣ
ܵܰСҰֵܣȻͬ

һסʮʹİΪʲôΪʲôһӾȻҾͿԾҲü쵰ˡ޿վİɣһȥȥˡ
ȥɣȥɡ
Ԫ޳ܣԪջˡ
صˮʦӪ
Ըӭ˹С飬Ԫҵ㡣
ôܻܲյͷ
ԸزӾǸʲôģ
㶵ʲôزӣ
ԸԪѽ˵ǳ͢زӡ
Ŷԣزӡյͷ
Ըزкζ֮δ˵
زһֱڽѵֻô֪ڶ֮ôʵҲ㲻ʲô֮ǻɶѡ˼
ԸҲ֪ûΪû˵ʲôᡪɣ
յͷ԰ɡ
ԸǺһЦ飬㲻Ը˵Ͱˣ˵Щƭҡ
ûƭ㡣Уһ˵ȼʵ֧زӾǻɣģҶ췢ġ
ԸգգۣͻȻʲôƵãˣҺǵǰ㷢һɹ˷Уѵ
յͷ
ԸԲϲⶼİ
ЦȻ
Ըæʵܹɹô
ܣ
ܹӿйô
ܡ
ܸʲô
ֻɡ
飿
Ը̾˿Ҫܹ˾ͺˡ


1676 յΨһ
ռԸɫ죬üͷһ壬ʵǲʲôأ
ԸۺգȻ󳤳̾˿һЩ鷳صĵ˵ͷֵݶ԰Ϣ߾ǱƺҲϵǽʯǸĺ½ʴʯǱں޽£׼ֹǵ½
ǵ½սǶµ῿ֻҪԷûɵ϶ֹ½ġʵΪֹܷǵ½
ԸƬ̣߾ɲȰټãǵʿսҲǷǳµģڰټõ½ǰɡ
յҼǵţｫҲ½Ҵʯǵؾ
˵û
Ըͷϻţｫܹʯǵ½ɹ˵ţñ񣬵Ǵγֻȥƫʦɧţʴ˲Ŵ˸߾һֲزһظ߾֪㳲Ҫǣǻʱʱ̿׼ǻȡϻصĽѵټϸ߾ѾںϾսǽеıڰߣڵıҪٴ½ֻǲװǵɸı
ҰܵϢ϶Ѿ߾ȥˣ߾ɵˮʦˮʦսǳ׷ˮʦڰ߷أŴļޣӵ½޷԰γЧĻǣôҪȥѵģݵľˮʦҲ࣬ҲҲˡ
ɱĻɻӺڵѹ
ںλܹܶԣܱӣӣʵͶıѾǳԤʮΪնټõǶģʮԤ߾ģȻټҲֵǮջܹݵȣʵǾͲص½ô
ǲУֻʯѵĵ½ص㡣
Ը˵˽ͼָŵͼϵҾԸ߾սЧĵ½սţ֮⣬Ѧ򳹺͹Ѽˮ½Χǣʱ裬ΪɽҪټѦǹ¾룬ȻǰսݣҲֻܰʦس
оӱɳǵ½ȻȡôʤҲ̷޷ͻʯǣׯǣأߡǶƫʦɧţˣҪѰսһƻֱѡѼˮ½һûսҲûйĴֻΪݡڱɳǵ½ĻҪһ·ҪͻƱɳǡǡʯǵĲ㷶Χϡ
Ψʯǵ½ǱϿΧ߾гǣʯǡ밲гǵϵ˺ǵķء
һţһߵͷûֱӴѼ̽½ƻǲΪӪģһѼ̽½ô÷ֱȥݣҲǵҪ¾ҪͻǷǳѵģɳȻĵǱɳǵĵѹҾɶǷǳԶһ·򣬵ʯǣʣˡ
ǵĵص㣬Ҳʯǣѵ½ص㣬ܴķںյļƻУʯڵһǳҪľݵ㡣ͬʱֲǸ߾ص㷶ΧΪƬͻģһǣ߾Ҫصôǵķ߽в߾ĺĵشʴ˸߾ߣͶ㹻ֹƾ½ıȻˮ谭ƾ¹ʴƾһռģﶼ޷½ĵط͸Ӳˡ
ҪûƬҲɷǳѡü
ԸͷüҲֻǿе½
淺ǵˮʦһսУǵŷǳҪһʼʧأӰ쵽֣һСĽǡ
Ըʵа취
ôһǧ˻ƭ֮⡪ƭĿͻȻ˸˼£˼õǲʯǵ½Ļʯǵķһи
ǵȻ߾ﲿıҲޣƬ滷ˮǲܷ㵽Ը˵Ƶõǲʯǵ½أ
ƭ
ǺΨһܹĴ𰸡
ƭ
Ըһ㵡
յͷûΪʲô߸ոƶõ½ƻ߾Ǳ߱ʯǺ÷¡ңڸ߾ߣ߾߾ûаô
Ը˼ǽƾͼƣ
յͷ֮Ȼ߾Ѿˮʦôһɳİ̽йעˮʦĶֲĲ㣬ǾͿһ㣬õǽڱɳǵ½ʯǡΪɳ㹻ߵ½ǽߣһǾܹʯǵ½
ԸܹôƭǣǹȻãǸƭأ
յҾͻϸ롣
Ҫ˵ƭտмңΪóģʴԴǺĵģԸҪ˴ϣʼз
գԪݵĸۡ
ףôأ
ԪնںյĵֻΪɨˡ
յȻҲˣˣһܰϻȥôҲûҪù㣬ôһˡ
ԪպǺǵ֪á
ɫҽмæġ
Ԫհڰ̵ֵ£ͱңұ㻹
֪ϣˣҳ
ΪʹҪҽˣҵ˿ҪҵġԪպɵ
ôţ˭ܹ˺ѽûԪһۡ
ѽԪհһȻҪ˱ֻĺǹ⽫˵ߣȻϾ֪ղϲպҲǴ⣬Ǻߵ˾Ҫ˵ӣţδӦ㡣
Ŭļһ˿΢ЦգۣĿԪңô
Ԫǳ˳飬һôһ˵˼
ΪʲôÿҶҪѵϵأһ̾Ҳûа취ƻ̫ؼˣݹٸˣǺΣԪյյġ


ͷϾۼ˲ˣͷΣȴǵĿ֮ʦûа취ʵ̫˧ˣʢգһܣݿķ˿ִʤ̣˧ộƫİ
籣¿ˣ϶ܿİɡ
Ԫһֿ죬һԵĴ޺Ц
޺ȴֻҪܹȫĻҾˣҿɲϡ
ԪһڰֵԲӣҪûзĿ飬˵ʲô˵´˰̣̿ɾΣˣҪϡ磬Խ磬֤ǰȫģĻ
޺üһ壬ܷ죿
ǸǸԪһ˸˵ˡ
ʹ޺Ҳһ鳤ģ֪޺ҲǷǳҵġ
Űһ˺ˣˡ
ֻԶĺƽϣӰ֡
ͷϵʱ󻶺
ǣȵӿͷʱҵ񽥽ã
ΪĴֻˮʦһ²
飬ΪβˮʦӰ˵ˮʦô
Ԫһ޺պԸԡ
üҲ
ֹúһֻڿ
Ը뺫ǰȥ
ĩμ顣
һٴӴԸͺձȭһ
ԸʵˮʦΪûл
ǽٵеһʱսͻȻ˴޾ټõĲಿӸĲҰܣսɱȥԮֲ㣬ʴսˮʦȥǶУξҵȽ²Ѻͻˮʦȥټȥˡ
յߵǲһĶ֣һĶѡ
ǽԣûЦ̫ˡ
ԪһöŵҲǵģôҲȻҸӹȥ
ǽٲԪһҲûдյ⣬޵ĴܣսøӣսϣһЩݹȥԱʱ֮衣
һᰲŵġյ˵ͷ
ͷϵǴʧȺôãȻûеȵԼӢֻۣһȺȺͷɢķ²ָо͸ԼɶһƬϼŷԭǷ㣬ôˡ
һȺǷǳģˣԼɽĵǡ
û뵽رô죬һͻţ̫ܵˡ
Щ²սֵ׳꣬ϺõЩ˸ټõͨղһ̫ÿƣڰټһҲûô˿ǣֱͻصڽǵļˣ͵ģΪļĻЩսڴǾ֮ͽżߣǾͻɵٱЩһϷ֣ܹ
Щսһϰ̰ȡǮѾˣڹٸڻծЩǳģѡԼ˳۵ū澣ȻؼȥնԴǷǳģΪЩ˸ɱҲУǽ˱ū澣Ǹмңḻ
ǧսԼǵļ˲䱻Ϸֵһɶ
һĻūֿԵõܺõִУЩ򵽰ټū澵ĵǣǲŲԸ⽻ū˰ǴͷôɽѹҪࡣ
յƻҲһһһ㣬Ҿȡһ㣬ʵҲһ


1677 ޼
ʫƣŮ֪ޣ̳ͥ
ȻĻǶ԰ĹңЩŮȻǷ߳ĳڴƵʢ֮С
ϱƽ̻֮أַǷΪҶ֪»ˡ
ϣţүǺþûˣһΪҼ̶ˡ
һĨź֬Ĵ裬ŤŴΣһһĺ
ţүĺӵҲǲһѾͽǴ§ס㣬˵ʲôˣ㰳̶ˣҲ㻨㰡
ǲѽ
ȻģɶϵҪ㰳

һ˵˶ĵĻһȥ¥ڣֻҲһƬҵľΪյļƻݵĸ࣬Ҳ̼صľá
ţүˡ
һòŮ첽¥
һȣţүϵķſǴ裬§Ź¥ȥˡ
̶û밳
ʲôã㶼ôûпˡ
ϣ㣬ֻս±ȽϽʵǳ鲻ⲻһпգˡ
ġ
ڣţүһͭǮһźľƱġ
ǾƱϲѣлţүлţү
ϣţү㷢أ
̶ҲǳԾ
ţүһֵʲôƣֻˣղ֪£Ұû£ǮҲ֪˭
ţүҪأ
˵Щ£ү
Уһݡ
һһݡ
һʱ
ȣȣ
ţүɫˣ̶źްɡ
磬Ǽȡ
Ȼүߣ̶үȱˡ
̶ĸˣţүĻĵǵ̶ʱȫƾţүչˣ̶ڴ㣬ţүҪˣ̶Ǻġ
ţүѾȵͨ죬Ŷҡҡλεģа취ܲȥôá
֪ţүȥҪȥã
ⰳզ֪
̶˵ǰټöѾǴˣҪãүܻˡ
˭˵ȥټá
Ҫȥ
ƽݡ
ƽݣ
̶˫ĿһһĨ֮ɫ
áǼȣˡ


ա
ˮʦӪһСڡ
̶Ȼӱְд̽ϢְǰĲ̶֪Ǹ߾ļϸһҪűְ
ţүվںǰһ˵˫Ⱦһ߶ͣﻹǰ㲻һ
Ҳ㣬һǰȥմŶͷǽŹϸ˵һ飬ЩۻĶԻҪһֲ©

ţүһĿźա
յȥιô
ְ˵ְ̾˵
ţү̽յһһֲ©ĸ˺ա
ʱʱһ䡣
ţү˵֮󣬺ղ΢΢¶Цݣѡȥûݼͦġ
ţүٺٵл佱˵ţֺ飬ְһⲻ֪ʣ
յʲô⣿
ţү̶֪Ǹ߾ļϸ
Աһָȥˮ
Ŷ
ţүˮ
ֵʲô
ţүϸһˮɶҲûа
ϸ
ţү޲ýˮУȴãȻˣְǿԼӰӣ֮⣬ɶҲûС
յӰӾǽ
ţү̧ͷһãȻĿźա
յ̶Ǳ߻ǸˣֲϹӣ͸⸱٣ھҲһ֥С٣ҪǮûǮҪûˣ˵ĵ㣿
ţүۿһ죬ֻ޿
úŰɡ
ȥٳǮţүֹЩŵֿ
˵ʲôջعͷ
ţүŵһ£ְû˵ʲôְʲôû˵
иԣ㡣
һָͻȻһöͭǮĴָһõһ죬֮͹һɣУھҲûǰ;ԡ˵꣬Ϳųȥˡ
ţүĿԼǰöͭǮ˰Σϲ壬һڣĪ⺫ϲϲ
ž
ţүֻԴػһ£ϡһ̧ͷһֻһŭĿ
ֱģ͵ݼ棬Ƥ뵽ȥˡ


Īţδܳɹ
ոոڣԸʵ
֪Ӻοģղ
Ըҿɫƺ̫á
̾ɫ̫ãΪöģţǱ߽еķǳ˳
Ըһϲ棿
յͷֵ˻ʯǵؾֻһӣҾǵĿҪƽݳڱɳǵ½⻹ÿ˵ı֡Ǳ߰ŵô
ԸͷѾźˣǻô߾Ҫǲϵǡ
յıˣ졣

ҹ˾ʱ
ݡݡ
һֻҹгñӪ۶ȥ
·Եİɽ϶ӰֻһСţ˵ûǵȷҪȥƽݡ
ϾҪΪʲôͻȻȥƽأһѡڰҹС
ȷѽ


ƽĺϣ洬㡣
ιιι쿴Ǳߣ
ͷһλͻȻָŶ
һ֧ӣ
ģͦģϣǲǳġ
ǿŲ̫ѽﶼѾ˱ɳǣ⺽е·ߣȥƽݵġȵȣϸǡǲݵˮʦ
ǵġ˵ݵˮʦذټȥˣôͻȻ
ǿȥ㱨ɣ
Ƶˮʦ̫ˣһ޶촬ôƵսҲöһ޶޽⼼ô
սվһλ׽׽Ƕ¡
ߵĸһƵУξ벻ףΪʲôͻȻȥƽͣѵսɼˣǲȥʯǱôⲻϹô
΢΢üҲ͸һ˿󣬵ҲףôţȻĵ


ڱɳϵĺϣһλһɳ̲ĿĶ
ʱӭһʿʮ룬һ֪ѵء
ӼգջĿ
߲ʱһͷͻȻվס
ƫͷȥʵүǽСô

ŶС˾ߣ硣
磿ҿͦġ
С˾ס⸽ûµʱߣүС죬Ҳͦġ
ˣҲ㡣ͷĺɵĴӣȻԼͬʹ˸ɫʿӡ
Ӿŵλүʲô

ƾʲôҵ
ӾһͻȻתͺȥ
ʿ̳ǰȥӸ˵ڵء
ſҡſҡ
ѣ
һʿӻѲһ
ϴ㿴
һʿӵĵѳһײ
ͷĽӹһֻײһͼͻȻĿܱߵĻһɨɲĵͼŭһۣҴȥ


1678 ȫ
ǧս䲻һ£Щطܹͨġ
Ǳƣթ
˵ˣȥƭˣʴ˺ղµ֣ʵѾսϣһƭ֡
ǧ֣һ㲻Ὣеıûǧֻڸһֶѣһ֣Լ棬ͺñһЩˣٻһѱ棬ڸסͻǳ࣬ٵʼǼٵģ䲻ġ
ø߾ƾڱɳǵ½ⷽͶ˴ľΪֻǵĸı½ص㣬ǲܹõоŵģΪĲģҲһ仰飬ͲôҪøӣźò֣֮䣬ҪôమҪôޣ֮䣬仯ͷḻ
ĵƽݡ
Խݱһӣݸô𱬣ʵǵעӶڸƾĿʲôĿľǴƽݳ͵͵ڱɳǵ½
ɳǵƽݾ룬ݵľǲģƽҪȥʯǾͱȽԶʴ˴ƽݳѵ½صǱɳǡ

ݵͷϣٵĴֻͣţȫǽҪټõݡ
ΪܹҲͷϵȡ
һǰСȥСİ
ҾŸ߾ûǵĻ
Ǻǡˡ
⴬ǱˣԸ
ʵͷϵĻ㱨˵ټݲ㣬ҲǼٵģټǱߵѾ㹻ˣĿǰǲҪݹȥ֮ôţΪ˶ĿΪļƻݳǲ֪ģʴˣЩװŵĿɲݣһǧƾԸͳ˧ʯǡ


ټǱߣʹͳǧƵ˰ټ޵ı߾ΪټֻǲಿӣǱ߻ޣǧѾ㹻ˣʼʹֻǧȥն̫ģǧ˸
׼Խ뵽޵ʱǱͻȻʹʹ죬ѾˣӢ䣬ѾټõĲಿӸȫˡ
⵹ʹеǳȣôţôܱǴʣµĲಿӸǹȥ
ʹո뿪ãƵ̽ӱ档
ʷǴ̽ϢټõĽսУδȡһʤټô󽫽ײɾ
ȻˣΪǱ˵Ѿ˰ټþ
Ϊײʾ޾֮ѡͶϡ
ԭˡ
ʹԵͷ
һʷǱ߹ƭǣǴİ
ʹЦҲδܹͬͬȻ֮⣬Ҳ֮Сټ䶷ϰ꣬ҲϰھӣͬҲƣǽײҲѡͶޣҴơ
ȻˣǺβԴΪɣһޡ
ɡ
ʹڰ֣һ·ޣǵĿл߾ʴںܶ෽ǶҪ޵ټҴƵû㹻ɣͳޣΪҴƱ壬ҴƵҲáȻǱѾҪǰȥԮǾͻȥɡ

ͬʱնڰټ֮Ȼ࣬ûа취նôǿôԣ̶ʱڣδܹ򵽺棬ټõЩԸˣΪһƾƣڰյ£ƾʿǷǳȻȥЩ壬ԱڳڰǸȼãھɱƶ
ͺΣЩղϣֻ͵ƾˣǷǣЩƽʱѹǵˣǻͳ߶ѣ˭תʴ˰շͲֻ̫ǿϷģûаյ֧֣ôȥ
ЩҲ˵ֿҲ½½һЩԶԶƾˣ̳Ͷ
նȻԸǵͶټСҪһ飬ҲǷǳ׵ģĸʱ䣬ΪĿ߾
ͶĴҲ˾崦ǱǼеĲƸǵĽ鱦ǵļˣͳͳǵģǵȫûգǴŽ鱦ƾסʵǰƴйİ취Ȼػᱻûգǹ嵱ȻҲԸͶҲͶþ⣬һΪͶٻܺúûšҲͦģǴŲƸƣڴѡ
ǰټ̫ӷ¡Լ༸ӣն׷Ƕأֻ⡰󡱵İټþ֮˭ҪǣնĴ̾͸˹ȥǵ֪ײͶޣҲô£Ͷޣҵǣն£ټûȫܻûһߵġ
ˣټ
ٶ˸е𾪣ŵ̫ˮ㣬һƨ棬ܾͻǻʴֻǲʹʾлƵİ˳̽һ£ôϷְټá
նռȶƻŵԭȰټռ޵ȫ黹ޣЩһֱûܶƾõģȻڲﶼƾˣҲˣʣµģǴ˵
ƾҲûа취նҪ޵İæܵø˼һôҲֻǽǵػǡ
ȻЩƣռټãֻǽҵңܱûеúãҪնҲûа취
ټ֮նѾȲˣʼϲӣ׼
ΪߴѾʼˡ
Ϊø߾ƾˮʦƽݳڱɳǵ½ͨһ£ƾʱ°һ£ǷǳҪһ
ˮʦΪҪ½ĿľҪ½սƾˮʦƲʲôˣ⴬ܹͶ˹ʴһҪЭͬõģ˾³ʶƽˮʦĶ½ʱȫһµģȴڳﱸ֮У˱ȷ߾űɳǲƾ½ص㡣ǺԵǣ½ʱݳҲһµġ
ƾǱ··ƃʷһ·ͳ˧߾ı߷³ǡ·ĻѦʹ󡢸٩ͳ߾һ߷򣬰гǡ
Դˣɶսȫ죬ˮˮһƬ֮С

ĺɫһŻɫĴĵ󺣡貵ǳӰںϣһ˿֮
һ֧ȻĽٽʯǵĺ

һ󼱴ٵĻˮҹһС֧ӣһҴ̷Сϵ˳ʵ˴󴬡
ڰǰʯѾںľӵȥ˱ɳǣʯؾֻһңֻǧʿפء
ԸԴϲ߾ϵˣ´ʯǺ߽ҪڷִʯǺ
дֻȫҹĻȫʯǱ߽


1679 ն
ճʱ֡
ԭڳµɳ̲ӦóֳһƬɫȻʱ˿̣ʯɳ̲ϣȴѪȾ˺ɫ
פǧ߾ʿȫ
߾ںյƭ£ƾڱɳǵ½ǽ𵽱ɳȥˣֻǧʿפأפصʿȻȻľиΪΪƾ½ģ֪ոոۣһֻӴĴͻȻǰˡ
ȵγʱһеһжѾΪʱ
ƾһǧ񣬲˽߾ڴ˵صĲֱӾȥ̩ɽѹ֮ƣפ
ҿüƭǣĻǼ½ɹֻҲʧء
Ըɳ̲Ϻ˵ʬ壬ҲеЩ¡
Ȼ½ǳ˳ؾǿֿţûټһ֮ززֱȫΪֹ
߾һģһ壬Ƕ϶ɵģռа뵺һ룬һռ߶Բܽ߾ޡټһ࣬߾ʿ޵ʿҪߴ࣬ҲǷǳսΪҲѪͳһ˴̺ȣöᡣ
ҲΪʲôֻƫʦȥټãŶԸ߾Ϊ֮սԶ
ǰټá޵ĻﻹҪƭֱˡ
ɴ˿ɼƾֻսӶ֣սϻǷǳӶֵġ
Ը֮̾ʯǡ
ʯǵͳ˧ʯҲԨһλսĴ󽫣ﵱؽһ㶼ܹһΪ߾ĺĵشȽƫԶģֻʯƭͷת򣬹ʴˣʯǵķģΪƾڱɳǵ½Ļñ֪ƾʯǵ½ƾ
ʯ˿Ȼ֪Լϵˣ֪߷رǵסƾģϻţ﹥ʱؽǳӭУƾɾѡУͬʱָϽȥǡɳǵǰԮ
Ըһʹʯǳ£;ûƬ̵󣬿ǳιǣȴδܳɹʯ֯ȫǰյƾĽ
ֻĻǾ̫ðˣһԸͱɹ¾ˡ
ɳǵؽ֪Լϵˣ͸ϽԮʯǡ
ǰŸߣˮʦϵǳ˳ڱɳǵ½һ֮˱ɳǣΪ߾ĽΪԼϵˣȻȻľΪѾȫˣбǡǡƭۺǧһ㣬ʤ
ȻҲ⣬´ﵽƽݾ̵õԸǳȷĸ¼գɳǵ½
±ɳ֮ƾͶԻʯγ˺Χ֮ƣصؾͲܵвӷԸҲ˷ͷʯһζķأƾս
ͬʱƃʷڱȡشͻƣռ߾ߵ򣬷ǡѦʹ󡢸٩һ·ȴڰܵ˵оǿĵֿ
ֱģⰲлǹ
٩ôʣѦʹϳɾˣڳھǲսҲδܵóѡ
򴺿ǴƵϵˣֹĴɶսδܳɹʴԨľһֱפһģȫȨﾭӪô꣬һһľǳϤϻƾĽϵļӹ̳ǽټĵҲѹǶɽ䣬٩ǳΡ
Ѧʹüȥǲаһϵֻֻصޡ
٩ҲһƵƃǸ߸ͽоҲսݣΨһ·ڴˣ̫ˡ

һͨôʣܹܣܹУξˮʦ˳ʯǺͱɳǵ½
𣿡
٩ϲЦյļƻѾɹˡüΪһ·ȡ˳ɹһ·ٳδóƣô͸ˣⶼûնһ·
ѦʹʵܹܿʯǺͻǣ
Ҿɹ½֮󣬵оͳ˧ѡҰеıٻسڷأʴ˻δ´˶ǡ
ѦʹԣĿ˸˼£ֿ٩ø٩Ҳ
Ѧʹǵ¿һ¡
٩˵ͷ
ͼԡ
٩ָгǱϵĽǵоȫڰгǣǵķض
Ѧʹ̫ʥڰгʱҲ½ǣĻܹΧгǡ˾Ϊֻǵоǵһնû°гǵ£ȥȡǣôҵĲᱻо׵Ľضϣʴ̫ʥջûѡǡоδб䣬ǻһն
٩ҾĲѾıˣܹѾоѹڳڣݿԷǳݵôʯǵ½ҾǲҪĵоһжҾĲߣǡǡҾͨʯǵıؾ֮أǺβƾͼƣȫȡǣȥ֧ԮܹǣѸٵĽǺʯ£ȻϾػصббơ
ѦʹüҲģһҾߣ˭ڻо򴺳о롣
٩ҾֻҪǹ죬ܹһ㣬򴺷նһϹ򴺵һӦжǵĲǿһЩӷغ󷽣жǵĺ·һᷴǣʱѾΧʯǣȵǷӦϮоɾˡ˵ڳʱ˾վ˵ˣҪصƾóսǲڸϻһȥ
Ѧʹ˼ΣҲûʲôõİ취ĻԷӺڵƣǵãôɡ
⽨ڰгǵĲ󷽣ҪагǣûйưгǵķߣƵȥǣǷǳΣյģӿƵȥĲô죿
ƾΪóս䲻⣬˱ĵ㣬ս
Ѧʹ󡢸٩̶ƻͳ˧ȫװ·򽨰ǡ
һƾȻסջȥ򽨰ɱռƾĺأҲɺӵĶжƾĲߣƾĲһùɺӵģûвƾ̾ͻΪǿ֮ĩȻҲɵɺȥƵı࣬ҪƵıĻǾǳ룬ӵԭ¶Ҳˡ
ΪֻһնȷʵƾȫʴѦʹ͸٩͹֮£һ֮䣬㹥˽ǡѦʹ͸٩ѡ˵ķʽǾǣ˷һѴ𣬽յǼͽıڣΪûа취ֻҪͨȥʯǵĵ·ҪռʱǷǳϵģڣȻʱ򣬾ͻٹһΣǵȻѡΪʡ·ʽҲǵһˣսĲпԡ
Ҳ޷ġ
ҪɱǣҾͻᱻɱ
ʯǺͻǣҲչżսȻԸһֱѹŵо򣬵Ͳôһ㡣
ʯǡǵͳ˧ʯ֪ƾɺ϶㣬ȡϻصĽѵǼǸƾսҴӮ㣬Ҿ͵ӣҶǡʴƾƾƣǲžսʵ߾սһϣ붬Ǿ͵˱ˡ
ʯû뵽ԼԮûеƾԮȻϵˣҲǶɺģǴӱģѵгǱأ
ΪгǷǳҪһߣƽҲʯǺͻǡ
гǱƣƾĲˣصסϢִһʱǵؾǾĴҡ
Ѧʹ󡢸٩·ѦʹԸʯǣ٩϶¹ǡ
һƾռоƣⶼƾģɲƫʦûˣڸ٩ѦʹԸĸ˵ļл֮£ݡ


1680 
ǰгǵͳ˧ԭΪѦʹ󡢸٩򽨰ǣҪΪ˹гǣôжǵĲڼһЩʱգǾͳǿ֮ĩΧһ·ƾ
ʴˣռɺӶʱմմϲƾɾͻ췦ˣûвǴ򰡡
֪Ѧʹ󡢸٩һ·ͱϱȥˣʲôʲôڣǲŲں
ȫˣʵϱߵʯǺͻսλòôҪռƽԼ߾ĺĵش̫вֻǱ֮򣬶ңռһƾˣǻʵʵĽǳػΪƾزסģ⿿ϲôأ
Ѧʹ󡢸٩װ·Ȼô죬ôһʳֶܹ֧ã
ΪҪǣһߣоĲȫ¶˳ô
ֻò˼ݡ
֪ǱʯȥģһȥԮ³ǣлоҲƾ֮߳ƣȥһѦʹǻعͷпɾزסˣгƣķϵͳ򴺿ɲ뿪һݡ
ֱѦʹ󡢸٩Ըغ»ǺʯǺ򴺲Ȼ򣬸ǻǱǳȥģûѪԭǼ³ʶļһѽ
Ѿʧȥ˹ʱ
Ѧʹ͸٩ʵ̫ˣƻҪʱ
ǻһ벻ͨƾĲô죿һΪѾ½ϵв߶סˡ
֪ƾһֱ˽ӪݣӪݣҪΪ½䣬û뵽һƾǽ󲿷ֵȫڴϣӪݵֻΪ·׼ġѦʹ󡢸٩ڵ֪Ը³ɹ½֮󣬱޹˼˹ΪǱҲûݣ߲֡
򴺶Դһ֪
յĵ򴺳׸е˾
ͳ˧ƺƵԮʯǡ
һʱͷȫˣ½кߣҪ򴺿ЩݣԤһ´˴սۡ
Ϊݵʱ䣬ϰοٽͷ֣ѺͷһвϣѾȫˣװѣҷĲѾ˺ھһֱܡ
ҲʯǽԸѦʹ󡢸٩ǻغˡ
ʿǣǷˡ
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ܱ߽ʿҲǸ߾ٱ
ܳǰֻΪԼֻӢ˧ղ֪ԭһгʦʡ
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ԸҪ˵ѽսʹΰļıҲ˳ʯǵ½
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٩˵ûдյĵԤʾǵĻʳõĸơ
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̴ӮˣýͻӵĵģǾһӣʮ㡣
ΪټǱߴ׬һʣӶҲ¸ݵݣϣܹĩ೵һԴ̫ľʣȻһʱʵˣǣҲˣӮûˣҲû·ʿԺãԱܴʤ̣ҪܹƽǣֱӷȡӸʿԡ
ֻҪܹӮʲô˵
ʿǴڴڵĳŷḻͣıڼﻹԵúһЩ
һǻʳĲ·Ьࡢ·˸ڣֱӻµģЬˣµġ
ȻɲǮԡ
ЩģɲҪˣټڵĸŮЩȫ첹ãЩµˣٻȥ
ʿһ̣Ǿ͸Ƶã϶·
⣬ԱҲõܺõչˣһ¬ʦԴӣԱҩҩЩˮʿȡ
纫յµĳŵҪýʿǱ飬ԵñȼҪ⴩ҲȼҪãһרŵΪԼսòҲ˳ˣҲҪǮ
ƾʿҸѽսûǳԵĺãúãõƵı
ԸѦʹ󡢺Щͳ˧ڴԣʱԩ̫̫࣬أ˽ǣ⺫սھĴӪפڳ⡣
գҾŪףǰǴ̣ôõķ˳ԣΪɶһƹܺڣǾܳԵôá
٩һ߿ſȣһƵ
յΪҽ˲Ǯ
湻˼
٩ָźյ
ʼǧô˵Ǯҽģծȫûѹ
ȿȿȣ㡪˵ʲô٩ԣûҭ
յΪ˺͵ȥծģµÿһأ͵ڻһծҿһƬ㹻ǳԺܶˣǾԾˣҪѹ
ôҳԵľͰˡ٩ͷЦ
ѦʹͻȻɫ飬ǲڴ˶̫ãǾ͵óгǣⲹĻ
ЦѦģȫû⣬·ҶѾźˣֻܴ̣⣬ǲġ
٩ֺǺǵʹǿɵúúðͽһº飬ҪǷûóԡ
ҡҡͷҲһ㡣
٩ʱһƣҶ
ԸͻȻⰲгرأߵĵѾȫҪλһȥгǣУξڴƺ󡣡
ҲܹģɲԸҲûкͷŰҲ뽨ҵ
ѦʹͷҲд⡣
٩ߵǲû˺֮ǣұҪˣֿػصгǵĺҵҪεֵסҾĽֱģҪӹڣҪȫ֮ء
æѽɶǮ
٩һ֣оˣ˵
ü㷽Ż˵ҵģ
٩һ㶣漴飬֪ⰲмҾԾͷɱǣйҵͷֻޡ
ѦʹĬĬĳţûȻҲġ
ΪƳע˺ѪҺԵģĻĽǲ࣬ǶʥȽҲСҲΪʲô߾սʿԸͶҪףΪм䷢˺ܶɱ¾Ҳ߾ɱԭӵܣѾˣֻѪսһС
ڻûеʱ

ʯǵĲ󷽣ھûдﵽǣ٩»Ǿͻʯȥˣػصгȥûﶺ¾Ϊػصгǵĺ󷽣ﵱȻǽΪ
ʱɨսֻƾѺųڵİ̧ʬոںõĿУʬᵼ߲üʱ
УξǱһ˻δ
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ǡ
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һĨ֮ɫĿȥֻһߴ͵ĺӣһͷͷ۶Ԫһ
Ƭ̼䣬Ԫһǰһѱס££ˡ
ʲô
һԵĽʿˣôЩл͸һ˿Ľ֮ɫͶɫһˣҲȥһ
±Ǻˬģֵܾñط꣬ӦõģҲûôһԪһûûˣŽԪһƿʵôأ
ԪһߵĪСʱԼƲң㻹˼ҡ
¿ЦҲһУξܹҲҲҿûʹ
ԪһԼˣӽտʼֵֿԲսˡ
ʵǸһģ
Ԫһգգۣͷ¾е㸴ˣ뺫һģҸҵԸĴӦ˵ǽͬС
¾ȵԪҲأ
䣬һǳЦС£û尡
¿ˣͷϿʼð


1681 
¼Ԫ常
¹ıȭһ
һȺСڴƽľأǶԪգú£һеһ𾴶Ԫյ֮¡ʵСһУµĹǿģԪһȻʱ̬Ϊ츳ߣ̫գ֪Ժ֣ԪǰҲֻܰҲûٰ
ԪµŶ´ţС£˵ս紵ɹģԽأǹա
Ԫһ¿ʣǷܻá
Ԫշǳĵͷˡ
һԸӣΣΣҪǱ˵ĻһȭȥˣĵϷѽϧ򲻹ԪգǸ֡
ԪһǼ£ڰ׽һսȫһǳʹɡ
Ԫֱҡͷ˵Сһȥɱһֻеʹô
µͷԪ˵ò˳ɼ֮⣬κŵ㣬ټǵĴֻױԶҾӮǣȷҲûʲôֵÿ˵ġ
ԪһҲ˱ɳǺͻǰ
һĨź
ԪһʤսˣΪλˣ
ҡͷҲǲˣֻǸеЩźˡ
źԪһ
ܹ֮̾±ɳǣȫļƻԭΪһ»ǵģȴδܳɹǺ߽ĵһٹƻǵģҪ˵һС߾ǵʿҲսıôöԸġ
ܻͣ˹֪ͣɡ
ԪҡͷһЦȻǱߵĴӣô
˵ţԹ˹ȥһĵѽѽѽôѽˡ
Ԫһûҵװġ
µ֪
ǵȻҲ˵ԪյĹ£ԪԪұʱɱҪ̶ˣͻʱһȥͱһ߾ѩ׵ãʱ˭޷淢ʲôЩͻʱΪй
ԪյսǲпѽСսǶôĲпᡣ
ԪһֱҡͷˣҪ²ս±š
Ԫ̿Ԫһٺ٣˵СôԽԽˡ
ԪһNɪͷ
ȿʬֱ֮ӵʯȥʱ䣬ǻ졣

ֵܾñط꣬ʯǱ෴
ҵƃʷһĽĿѦʹ󡢸٩ԸǵȥǶôϣܹһǰȥսɳսϣɸɵ£󷹣ǰ󷹡
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ô
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ЦʵǣΪ̫ʥϵû߾
ҵΪת䣬ݲãҾ򲻹ˡ
յͷ߾Ҳܹ۸һ㣬Ҿܹ޵ƽȥ㹻ʮ죬Ǹ߾дӮĿôʲôǲս֮Ҫס˫̫ǾͲҪˡñ߾硣ҲΪʲôΪǵҪγ̣Ϊʡµıԣ̱֮ߣѧϰǸ߶˿γ̣ϧ
ͷ඼ǺЦ
ЦˣˣȥɣǻкܶҪ
ҵʵʲô£
յȻǽһ˸˻ȥǵծԽǷԽˣҪٻĻ˼Ҿ͵ϢˣǾԶˡ
ҵü߾˲ȰټˣӱȽϴҰͱȽԹ̣ܽô˻عڣô
ЦһȫģҶǵĵǳģĲ˵ܽū澣Ѿ˵Ƿ켫ĵزңˣӵԭҪܹţҾ͸ˡ

ƺĵһһǽǨԭΪôǳ죬տûôǣǺ̰ҵ񣬽Ƶķ²ѺϿտյ˻ݣȷھˮʦܹݵĹǱߵȴֻصʱֻݣݺյĺڼƻƽƬһǳҪļ㣬Ϊݺܽ
ⲻǺģǰˣϻ߾ҲǨ򻧻ԭʵҲһںϹ̣ǳӺĻսԶֹͣƾһߣֻվֻнǽһܹʹսͣЪۺһǵȻ˶һٵһƳռƣƳͼ˿ϡ٣Ū˻ȥʲô
ͬʱרҵʿأ˼ѵǱԼѡ񣬵Ϊ˼ѵרҵЩ˱˼ѵҪרҵˣԼɾͲͬˣȷ󻯣ȽظãֺãȻԺļ۸ˡ
磬մܸܵСҰ̲Ͽ䡣
С֣⺣̲Ư
ճܵʵ
ֱܵͷƯˡ
ֵҪļܹߴ磬ˣǲͦġ
ܵһͷֵ볤̫ԶˣҪһˣͦ׵ġ
յΪ˱ӦõܵģҴ֮÷ǳ㣬ѾһƬ
ܾܵȵĿźգ磬ô
ʲôǺ̲յҪһȼרŹУǲǺܰ
ȼ
ܵ˼ŵͦȤġ
ȤȽ֮󣬾͸ȤˡպǺЦһҪ÷ḻʣ춼׬Ǯʵţûʲôһڸͬһ¡
СҰͷЦ磬⻰ҵǺͬ
ܵһִСҰļϣЦǺǵȻСҰͬҲͬ


³ǡ
ǿ쿴ôһֻ񰡣
ۡôһǵһؼ
ʲô񣿡
ǱߣǱ߻һֻ
ף˰
⡪ôϷɣ
Īɡ
ˣˡ
ֻ³ڵİշ׷׹鵽ڵأĤݡ
һ£ǲɣƾҪ
һ֧ز³սˡ
Ȳ֤ʵԼԤûдģвܹܺõΪƾ顣


1682 ӵ
ͳ˧оδֱȥȡ³ǣѸ³ܱߵСǣ³Ƿϵͳǳ˿룬Ѿ³ǴںΧ֮ƣͬʱɳ˷вӣ̽оĲʮԱ³ܱߵĸɽ³ǵϿգ³ǵľ𿴵һɶ
ҲҪϸȥӪկĶٱжϳ
߾ĳǳضɽвӾϲ⻷Ҫƽԭϣȥɰ
һ֮䣬³ǵĲָƣɾͺôˡ
ν֪֪ˣս
³ǵĲƶһ׽
յļս³ǣһܱǳء
߾Ǿٹ𾪣û뵽ƾôͻˮκһΣҪϬһЩ
ˮˮΨагǻûбƣΪѦʹԸ٩ոձϣڹгǵĺߣڵ֪³֮ʿһгǱɹ³ˡ
Ǳٳ£ǱԨĹ׷ˮ򣬷Ϊǰͳ˧ƾĲսˣȻˮѼ̽һƬľȫ˻Ѽֿ̽ʼʩнԣܹߵľߣߵȫˣҪƾκһʡ
򴺵ľһˣѦʹ󡢸٩ռһһֱûܹİгǡ
ԨҲ̫ƾˣôһУ˵Ļܻᱻҵ
һƾѹͲʲôԣ㰮ղգеʳ˭ϡʳ
Ϊͼƻˣڴˮ½·Ŵߣ߾Ǳʩнԣûջʡ࣬Һھʯǡǵõ˴䣬·ߣֱߺϣ¿ֱϴ˹ȥ¿ʡ
߾ǽߣͲפغȫˣʴ˺ھһ·˳˳ˮƾ··ģΪھװоＯ󣬾̽·Ūãھһ÷²Ѻ¿Ϊоṩ·ĻƃҪȥ߾ѣɽHȲ䡣
ô·߾ǷǳˣҺѡļ㣬·ͨ˴ģ߾Ľԣܹջٷӣܹ·ƻˣֲ·ֲ·ܻȥ
װ֣ҲƾĽٶȴΪ
оʱϴһͿˣСöԷڿڴ棬פ㣬óװˣǹǳǲͣΪѾȫռˮԲκߣܲøϸͲøϸ
ػΪ㣬ôоٶȻͿ˺ܶ࣬ƾǷǳģ˵ֱӰʤΪƾþڶǰ߾
ͬʱߵնҲͳ˧߾ڶߵûʩʲôԣǵˣԨĻȥٱأɼ㵽ֵزԨͷԻǷǳ侲ģ֪ƾǰ棬Ҳƾ潻սҾţҪĵƣȥƾġ
Ƚƾ
֪һ·ȻĻսʵ̫ˡ
ϧնǷ֮һǴƾбһˣ²ܲֻǰǱѹţԾӣȻֻնƫʦսնҪҲֻһѣҪǣնǰ滹ڰټϰⷽˮַ²ټûңʱţ緢ñ񣬶Ȱټøǿĸ߾ұռŵ£սݣŲ֮ʹӢλĸ£Ƿˮ
⵲ס
ƵԨĽĳԨ˹һҪסն
Ӫʡ
ʱնӢƶһսƻ
ôȥǺִܿܵƽǡӢǳ˷ܵ
ǴӶ߽ƽǷǳģ·̱ǰҪһࡣԭֻΪǣƸ߾սû뵽ǻҪȵִƽǡ
նȷʵüǵıʵޣҪΧƽǣֻ²ôףҲ֪˾Ǵأ
Ӣ룬ҪĻ⹦Ͳ㵽ͷôǱ߲ô߾϶ǰߣҪִܹƽǵĻǽάȣǵĻᡣӦøϽʹһЩ׼ƽǡ
û뵽ô˳ȻˣǾ͵ðס
նܶģԵ˵ͷҲ֤һԼҲ֪Ǳôǵȥ֪ͨǣҾϱ׼Χƽǡ
䣬һٵĸߺ

һͨټУܹܣоͳ˧Ԩڱ߻޾ĺ·ضˣ޴ڱߵɽ֮УҾǰȥ֧Ԯǡ
ӢôܣоڵֵҾ
ݴ̽ϢԨֻǴһʿȥ
һ
Ӣƿڴһ򣬻ΧŴֳͨնЩ˵úãǾͱȥˡ
նˣʱܹ޺ϾĻǷǳɹ۵ģлṥƽǵģû뵽ʱӣûб¶ǱҪȥǣû޵֧֣ƾҲΧƽǡ
Ӣݺһţֹͣ
ν⻢ȮӣԨɲһ϶˼С͸ԨߣҲս߽ӹܺһƾƲɵҲ֪ԼҲ򲻹նȻˣͱȥնϾԲģ󣬻ʿ
߾һֱƾѹŴ򣬶Ӱˣ޸պһֱ߾ѹŴߵĹϵǷǳ˼ġ
Ԩ͸ıսԣǲƾȥԿȥ޾նޣû޵֧֣նҲƲʲôȭȭܹңû㹻ңͳ˧һǰȥ޴ֵƾ
߾ĽʿǱնһӻ𰡣ȷʵ򲻹նûгɹնһ仨ˮôֻܽƾܵԹȫͷϣΪǾϷޣϾռоƣҧź޴һᡣʵԣ۸ңҴ򲻹㣬Ҿȥ۸ҸСĵˣƽ⡣
ۿƽǰΪһѽˣնֻʱı·ߣתǹͷȥ޾ں档նϾǾþɳǰɻеˣҲҵģӢʹͳ˧ȥԮԼڻǣһڻҲһ󳷣࣬˱ȥҲﶺ±һơ
Ԩһ֣һڴʱ̼ƾƾæȥԮ߾߷ֱĻôڰϷƾǽһƾ˵ľȻ򣬷Ҳ㵽ûл֣ټնľǰĽʿն죬⣬˼ȥ˰ɣϿɹķš

ԨֹնǰĽŲ¼ȴû˿ֹǰĲ
ݡ
үүүү
޼ǰ˼ȴӦ洫֮һֲԤӿͷ͵ƿţǰľľֻ޼ϣϹܼǹ棬Ѿ
үү
ֻһ˺ѷεĽк


1683 
үүүүѰ
ӽ޼ɱ֮ƴҡų޼ɵ塣
ٹӣүѾˡϹܼҹڵϿ޵
Ϊʲô
ͻȻϹܼңϹܼҵ½󣬼Ϊʲô
үԬЩġ
Ԭ褣
Ԭδүү裬ѡ񡪡ѡ񡪡
ӼѾΪλŹǣ
ΪϹܼһ죬ջѡ˳Ĭ
ӿүүǲΪң
Ϲܼһᣬһߵͷ
գ̱ڵϣ㶰ΣͻȻһſڳ޼ɵʬԺ
࣬ܳ޼ɵһʵͿ޼ɵ̣ܻһȨƵĳ޼ɻϣնݲ紵ΪؼǣջڳУΪҪԸգý޼ŪҲ³޼ɽ身Ϊպͳ޼м便ʲôı˺ֲ̫
ֻҲ֪ǲɱ޼ɵģϾǾ˾ģɱ˾ΥТֻͣúǶɶսҵĿҲǱߣһǳõʱȷʵ̫ʺϴԬЩצȥЩԪ飬˵ǵ飬ʵȥǣ뾡취ǡ
Ϊǲɱ޼ɵȨֻñƣв
޼ɿԬʱ֪Լǲĵģ۵ӸӣﻹǷǳģԬ裬޷ܵģѡַʽ˴˲
һȨ޼ַʽԼһȷʵ겻ѡ
ܹĺ
㡣أ
ѵø
ⶼѧ˭ģǡǡѧ޼ɵģǾ˾ôġ
ʥ˿͸ʩˡ
ȻϷ㶨ģô㵱ȻҲء
ͬʱڱͥĺҲȥ˱ڹֱд̣ŶδѶˣǱģǵ֪޼󣬾һ𣬺ܿͲˣ˵ʱϡ
һԪϴ󳼣׹ݣϾûмк³ġ
ȻҲĴڣǾ־͸Уͦģţƾʲôȥѽ˾װƣƾǣȨûҪɱңʥּɱûʥּΪֻǱᣬǳ͢١
ʵûа취צȥƤ߯ˣһĭӣǶ̩ȻǱƲˣֻܴǡ
￴ͲСˣ˼꣬ټ־вδֱԣʱ䣬˶ѡĬҲѵõĴ󷢴ȱצ˻ȥɡȻҪҲûдȥﲻΪˣȥֲ죬޼ˣǾˡ
ЩȨһʱԪǣǰ³ﻹ˸ȥͽᶼˡ
ͥȨٽһ
Ȼ޼ɵĵλӰ첻κ£ȫ߾Դһ֪֪Ҳ̾ʾʾУûʲô߾ΪҪ
ƽǡ
ףס
ֻһʮͷ˷ܵԨĵڣԨĵĴӣԨн
һߣ˫ĿϡɼʱķɣԨġ
Ԩ󳼣Ǹ߾ֻǴʱĸ߾ֻһ裬Ԩеһľż߾һжԨһУʩеǾ¶ãǳͳΣҲǸ߾ʿսһԭ
ʲôأԨʵ
Ԩнϲףڶ߳ɹ޴ӶƾؾȣߵΣѾ
ԨԣЦȻûΪʧ
ԨнֵǸףƾǲƣңϱͬǣظôݣһǱɱܹЩŢĵ·ƽٶҾЩֲϧҾںǵ
Ԩüͷһ壬ŭߵⶼΪǸкյСӡ
գԨн룬ĪǸԭࣿ
ԨĵͷѾ˴ƾĺڶڹܣСҲ̫Ŀˣ֮ôݣǶǸ߾ػģδսСӾͽǵضˣдгһһҪĥ
Ԩĺεܹܴ裬̶ûпͽҼҵغ˿ڶˣȻֻݹǣô۸˵ġ
Ԩн£ֻ˼飬췽ҹ̷⾿ôģˣôҲûãףƾƽٶȣòþܹѼɽǵüƵ֮߰
ԨĺǺЦ뺦£ΪѾ뵽Ƶ֮ߡ
ԨнϲѾ뵽Ƶ֮ߣ
Ԩĵ˵ͷ֣
Ԩнæǰȥ
ԨָϵĵͼƾΪܹڶ쵽֮ǰǣʴǱ·ǡǡΪƾҲǵһؽ֣Щͳ˧ָƣζҸ߾ЩҲԼһ·ȵִƽ¡
ǵķΪʤĻᡣʮѼɽѼ̽һأҪϧһд۸ҵסƾĽҲҪҪмǣ²һҪȡ򴺵Ľ飬ΪεĽȵƾɱʱһ·Ϊں潫һܴƾʿܻǰߵѹ
ȵƾִѼɽʱսǸոտʼǰЩǳضҲûйϵƾҲߣʱǵģҪģҪչɷֶ𡣡
ˡԨнʵǲ֪״ȷһ·
ԨЦǾͿ·ƾǴ𾢡һ·ǲܷţϺƻĺܣҪǷֻ»ң֮⣬ΪĿ֮
ʱүæɷϵǣԨȷʵЩסƾĽҲǿԴ
ߵնɹͻȪİΧ޴غһʵ˵ͻƣȪնһɽתΪأѹûдԵ޵޾ĿľǽնǣƻȻնѾˣĿҲʹﵽˡ
ԭϾͶһӦǸϬǣȻȴǡǡ෴ƾ޾Ͼ֮ս½ķǳνȪɻ⣬ÿȪɵնҪǻˣƶˡ
նӢʹ춼ƣǿ֣⾿ô£սŶܵõôʹ͸һ֧Ƶá
һȷ潫ڻʹ޽
ԭΪ޾ʵ̫ˣʲôսִвλƾʿҪˣüԼĶѣÿÿؼʱǱǱŻܣƾֵøǲϣѽûˡ
ȪҲ֪޾սרżб޾
նӢʹ춼ȥᱻȪģͻ粻棬ںţ㹥еʲôģɵֻ治ʺǣԼˣԭǼģʽģǣ̱ģʽڵȡƽǣҲˣʵʵΧƽǡ
֮ʹȥίʾϣںţѾˣΣգǺβȥһ²ߣ˳㽫һЩ˹ҪеĻ͸ɵֻ·еʲôģ˵Ժõϣֳŵ˳ƽǵĻͽ߾ǰռ޵ĵȫ黹ޡ
պҲ̫ˣΪ޾ʿ䵽˵͹ȣҲŪѽҶˣ֫ȫͷƤΪʲô߾׷׷ʹһǾƾսʱ򣬾֪أװӣô򶼲սʱ·һһʮ
ƽ
̫ƽˣ
޾Ƿǳƣǰ߻治۴ĵطǻʵʵںߵһڰɣһļϣ˺
ض޾ն󳷣һȪǣǻǡ
޾һƾǻϲأ޲þٱʹǰˣֿԿֵĴ߾ˡ
߾ǱȴǺ꣬ƾȻǵѸϳսǽƻƻΡ
ô޾ǳɹסնȡ㹻ʱ䣬Ԩı԰ĵĶԸǰƾ
սЩûԤϵģնټսʱ򣬾֪޾ս㣬ʴ߱ߣ߾ΪĵһЩɽ塢Сƾ֪޻
ȻûԤϵ£ԶԶֹ˰


1684 ǧ
ⶫߴȻ죬ҲͲסˡ
Ϊһ۵»ޣôܻʷԵʱ̣Ըʶ䣬ڼۻǵȻó࣬Լʷ
Ҫ֪»޿һǳμң¼ңȻ֪ô˳¸߾ĻôܱߣʣһެˣǶެǷǳģƳô׵ľͽ߾ˡ
һԭ¶ģ֡
ʴڵ֪Ƴ߾ʱ»޾Ѿļ׼ͬʱ¹Ȼ롣
ެʱƱϻϵҪֱӿսĻʦƴ߾ެƨ£Ԩ涼ûмƻݹϵ
΢ڸһ¾ͿˣΪһս˫ﶼô£ǳֵ¡
»ƤɲһĺŲںЩެҪҽղĻǾڵĽࡣ
»ǹʼʩô¡¶ͳ˧ٸðͳ˧ȥ¹Ȼ롣
⴦¡µնȴǱ磬ɽ£ôྫʵެʿУǵˣ¡ʵֻϵͳ˧ͳ˧»޵ĳӣϤ
¹ȻߵĻΪ»޵ĴӪϣϻ¹Ȼһս֮ûٻ׶ȥˣ߽һС͢ެһʺĵطƽǳ٣ҲսصأެС˶ȫȨʵͳ˧ֻûѡ
߳ʮɼ»һزҪƾϻѡ
ΪƳЩսĴ󽫶ȥߣȻضפûͳ˧ͷ֮кξա»λŹᣬҪһ㣬ǵҪȸ߾ϣĽǣƾûй¸߾ʧȥ¹Ȼ룬ҲҪǣƾ˸߾ռ¹Ȼ룬ĻڰͼҲ൱˭Ҳ˭׷Ļһƽ⡣
˵һɽݶܱһһҪð
ʴˣ»ǽеӶ˳ǰϦĹ³ǣ»Ȳ䶼췴
ΪںյƻУҪ߸ͻʵͳΣͷֲصˣֲͬͳΣЩ϶˻ͻĻԻͣǲԸܵƳͳΣôһ㣬ǽ𽥱̭ǹ壬˾ҲΪʵֻΪƻȽȶҲǳ⣬Ը󶯸ɸ꣬ЩҲ͸ŭԡ»ó䣬ެһֱ룬»޾ͽЩ˶Ⱥ
ΪѶţȻ
ûսֱӾͳ϶˼սսǰ¹Ȼ룬¡ҲͻʵĹ塣
һǷǧսǴ޵ߣȼյߡ
ɼƹôİͼĲףǣһȫ
ެڶҷǳ죬»ϣԴһֲϽ󶼻ܱߵƾԮǧ֮⣬Ԯϻˣƻ˶ˡû뵽ǣսȫ渺ҶǲҰܡ
ʧܵĹֱ̼һģһտʼǳ˳ɱʱͻȻðһ֧ƾǵĺ·ˣǰƾл
ԭڴеĽ֮£ͥĲξмһЭͬպأݴʷԳݵһĽ¹Ȼ߷ء
»޼νͳ˧ȥ߾ȻΪƳûзԼΪԼǳ䲻⣬֪ƾȻ˷Լ
һըټԳһԶ֪ӿµǣ˶˫ȫؼ汸ûʲô㣬Ҳʮֵ꣬һ˵۷ʱΣΨһľ㣬ûʲô⻹»޸ԻˣôЩļһǺݽɫѽ
ش֮ըԳɣ̴ٷ׷оެˣƻȫһûκ׼Ҳ֪ƾжˣֻ֪ӻعȥһ·ܡ
ߡԳĬʮ㣬Ϊһֱͱ¹Ȼ룬Գͬ¤ţͬǹϵǳõģ˱˴֮䶼ǳ˽⣬ǳĬʱϱһʱ·ǷǳϬһոϻʧȥĺԴһռ
ûѪżչضˣΪǰ㳲û뵽Ҳû÷ص׼ǵĽ̫ˣ׷Ǵ򣬲κδϢ֮
ǴͣˣΪǰެˣǲԴֻҲ֪ǰĻⲹѾס»ޡ
ȻȴЩһ
ٸ
սʱެ֪ҾʵӦóʤ׷ǸıΪҾڸ߾ȡ㹻ʱաʱ׷ĻǻǵıǲԵֵǵĽ
мڴǼֱŰ
ڷެ󣬾̷һ·ûУպȡս֮󣬾ʿҪ׷
պмм󣬵ҾͲоĻܱ֤һȡʤôʤ֪ʲôⲻҪ󶼻סоҾ֮ʱӦóûЩѾˣǱרһµĵެ㵽ʱެҲ¡
Ȱڡ
պ٣мڱͥٸˣ͢պмֻǰֶѣպȻûҪһ㣬סپǴһ
м󼤶³ǵȵҲģΪǣҪΪެģҾֻţֻҪެˣЩ˱㲻ơ
պõĿһм󣬵Ѿݵöԣȥ³ƽѰɡ
мȵˣһެٴǺã
պþ͸Ӳˬмʮ꣬ʱмƶ룬δû㣬پزסҲ̫ˣξĪΪûϷزס٣
Ȼںս£ûǵ鷳ǻǽЩ˸ְˣмֱӽְΪξպһССĲξͳ˧ȥ߾ˣֵõæ㻹Ҹҽа塣
м£ŷӦԼ˵ˣϽȭҡ
պɫԻͼ֣ȥƽѣƽңӡ
ĩ
мȭһ̾ʲô취ѱ޼ɶˣһպȥһ״ǱɣΪڶŵģҲֻպʲǰ³ƽѡ

»⼸վûһ˯þģȭͷʯϣǹۣƤѪϢѩƬķԾһȦװԶɣһƾ׼ǸϽֹͣתΪء
ףΪҪϽս
»޵ӴĴУǳʢ׼ģ»ͻȻ׼սǳˬ
»޵ΪҲ밡Ϊƾһֲ֪ƾ׼Ȼ׼ҾҪﵽĿֻǷǳѵģȻƾûй磬ͲҪƳ˺Ƥ
ռףȥļջأѵƾͲ֪ǱĻﻮôƾ˸߾һŹǵģȻˣͻȷˣȽ¹ȻռˣʱʹҲǷǳѵġ
»淺ԥ֮ɫðΣƾʵ֪óȻһֱƾǿɾʹ²ˣȴ̽ɡ


1685 ì
Ǳ߳ٵϤмһ·ŷɥֱӾӻعȥˣڴ¡¶פĵͣ
ϤС˵Ļ»ҲǰֻʱΪԼ͵Ϯһȴû뵽ƾ׼ΪԼмˣôȲúõһսԼƻһŷֽҲ֪ƾһʲô뷨Ȼȥ˵ûƾһս
ֻϧպмȰ棬û׷׷ĻԿսΪϤһͷ
ǻصڣϤǷ飬ȥ̽ƾĶ򣬵֪ƾû׷ųһãǱ»ҲǧȽƵʵ̽˵ȻҲûΪս»ƶģҪҲ»ޣ»ﻹ˼ȥˡ
ϤҲûдȥ˼Ǿ͵ӪȻȥ̽ƾϢ
üգ̽˻ˣ󽫾֧ҾĲӣǱͥĲξмڷҾ֮ʲϹ³ƽȥˡ
м󣿡
Ϥ΢΢üͻȻһĴȣҼǵôˣ¹Ȼһսʱնƥѹ¸ջѡƽͣϣ˸ˡ
ǹ²󽫾мѾ뿪Ҿβٳ١
ϤﵱȻҲףƾ˵ƽѣƽ˭ǹ¡µôǽǸȺɲ֮ѽڨڨǸѾҲҪ
²̵ة֮⣬ȴ̽ƾʵƾʵѾ̽ڱռƣպǶ˽⣬˵ֶԶնмӦ١мƽ˹³Ǻ͸»ʱǱ޺֮ǣǾֻܱˡ
Ϥ淺ԥ֮ɫҪʸס
ϣ¶ة࣬սˡ
Щ˾ǿʼϤʲôͳͳϣҲеģͱ¨ӣǾͻެţˣǽǸƻȥɡ
Ϥﻢ£Щ˶˳ƳǶެԣ͵ʴףҲѡެ죬ɳ̽ǰȥ̽ʵȷٵı֮İٱٶȳ١

ʵƻǳԴƽ֣֮һƵƽգĿʵҪסެΪߵͳ˧ȡ㹻ʱ䣬㲻㣬ûпǵڲ⣬мʱĴҲǳΣ˶Ҫٸӣĺ̨еĲУţǶˡ
ңսҲûô˳
·ƾڸտʼʱ򶼷ǳ˳ͻɺ֮ǸƲɵоһʮǳأɨƽһƬ򡣲Žǧɽɽ֮ƾĽٶȾͽɽ·ͷǳ᫣Ҹ߾ڸɽ涼Ǳ࣬ҪأҲҪסƾϣıȥӻƾĽ
Ԩڴ̷滹Щ͵ģս֮ܽ˶սľ飬ֵƾֱӽսʮа˾ŶܣÿһֶƾŵơǳصķأذƵģɼƾսǲżģҪ˵ͱ뻢ڣҪƾȥġ
һؼƾڣҪģ׼ڳսٺãҲţսһ֣ӡ
صסأزסܣԼʵǧҪȥƾӲƴ
ǼвУӷɢɽ·ػսƵȥһҪϧǣЩ߾ʿزסˣɽܣûܽȫ𣬵Ѽ̽ҲƽǰΪҪһߣǺĵشˣ˵ɽˮѹ
ʵϱѦʹ󡢸٩ǰѾѼ̽ϣΪź߽ǧɽɽϱߵƽ̹ģټϲڱϣǣʴǽģʱΧѼ̽ϱߵһǳأгǡ
ͬʱļ·ƾҲ׷ѹѼ̽׷׶չ͹
˸߾ǳǿĵֿ
߾ǳ뾫أΪԨĹʩнߣܺõıס˸߾ǰߵһûйʧֵƣʲôɽˮͳͳһ̵ķߡ
Ԩ´ܳӭսҲ׼ٺһˣûҲҪڸλϣҽӶ˹սҶӶǰߣҲû˺ɡ
ΪԨǾ¶ãôڹڣӵĴȻõģҴ˱ȽϷͱ꣬ûʲôʴ֮ģʿҲԭǲĵģεǣƾǳ޸߾⼸ƾǣҲɱ˲ˣ߾ʿƾҲǿ̹ǵĳޣƾҲӮˣõͣԨĶЩҴй֮ˣǸ轱͵ģҪǴˣô
ɼ߾ĽʿҲֻһ·ƴĵֿƾ
ʵì֮ĶԾ
оС
ģ治֪طզסˣǴɽ룬·ѡ
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ΪܹܵҲüͷҲϼ޻ҾƣʹҾսʵⲴԶԭǳǰ̣ҾʽͶʯҲڵоƽԭ֮ϣҲֻһҲԵֵģֻƱҪߣǷռƣҾͶʯոս̷Χڣܵǹֵв޷Σǵĳǽ
üʵѦʹ󡢸٩·Σ
Ȼˮʦ£Ѿ˴гǣ״ζɽȴܵоǿĵֿˮʦջ޹٩˵Щ߾˶һȺҪķӣұҾÿۿҾͿҪƵоķߣֱǵĸӸ˻ΪôǿȥĻĹҾʴʱûмٽ
˵ף߾սȫԱ˶ԱƾɶǾ񣬶һˣʵˮʦİ£ƾڳϻռƵģҲ²Ҫġ
ֽ˵ѦʹΪǿˮʦƣߣƹһֱӽƽȻ߾ﲿôôƽһȽϿ顣
üҲ㽨̫ʥϣֱҲΪ˲֮ߣأԨĿ϶зģҾ׵½þܵİţĻ
ʱһͨУܹܣܹѾͻ˵оѼ̽ķߡ
ԣϲ
ȴƵ֣Ѧʹ󡢸٩ǵıܹҪ࣬ҲҪһЩһˮʦȴδͻƣܹȴͻ˹ȥ
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˾գǣ
˶ǵоյ֮ƣܹǱ߲һˣҾȫߣһ·ɵýȥ񲻳ɸ㡣Խ˵Խǣֵһ򲿶Ӹ·ܹûðסߣʴǰȥܹѾмˣ㡪ͲλӣסҪֹػع


ϡ
Уξǰȥ̽ʱֵʺҾ½ˮ򣬸洬ӦöǸ߾̽ӣʴҵҲ̫
ԣ̾оѾϵҾпܻӺ·Ѧʹ󡢸٩Ըʧ̫Ƕ͵ϮıȡرǾɶ￴ûе½Ļᡣ
ֿһԵĺգ֪а취
Ǻİ취ƾɵʯǺͱɳǵ½Ȼôƭƭһء
ƾûǰƽҲݳ㣬£͸תתҲ̫ϲǰߴţЦԨĿɲɵӣôϵû뵽߾ôǿĵֿ
ˣҲףƾ֮ǰҪܹʴһ㣬ƾͲôѴˡʵǻػûôɱ䣬Ͼǻʵۣܵù˼һ棬ɱҲҪǵоҪ֮ƫʦɧţƫʦɧţĿľɱԽģǵׯڣջǵķݣԼɱ߾¶ǳ޴ƣֿҲǳǿ
Ԫһʱˣ͵͵вͨˣӲģǾ͸ƴˣǲҲ
ߣҾͲȥǧˡû˼Ǿٹֿ֮ǣӲƴĻҲһƴù˼ҡ˵ʿֵǮʿǮ̫ˡ
ԪһƵǾϹε
յٲҲܹǣ߾ȫԱ˭ȥʳеʳǶôе·ʵڲͳҪͳĻҲŲӲƴӾ͸˭Ǯ
ԪһǶû
ҲûҪãպߵ
µǺ飬ԶһٶЪ˥ù£ضʿ䣬ҽʿҲҵģݣҲδܹȡʤ
ʼҵͳ˧ΪЩĶûʡ
õһЦȻзǻȻȥȻоĿǰǲҪǷǵͼ
ʱ˴Цôһ㰡
Ԫһԣ̳˳ȥŲԶҺ֡㲶׽ô
Сƣ󣬹ǸӵˣóԺ֮ʳ
ԪտĴЦ
ĺտһĻһ̾Ҵƽʿ˵ľ򣬺γĲ߾
ǿ쿴ϡ
֪˭һ䣬Ͽȥ
ôһֻ񰡣
Ԫһ
յʲôǵķԱ漴̳ҺȥӦ
ԱͻȻںϣ̫ˡ


1686 ȫӪ
ǷԱ㹻͵λʱֱӽ⿪ΪһֱڹеѵûѧںϽ䣬ֻ򵥴ֱķʽ䡣
ոϽ˽
飬ְˡ
ǷԱһգۿ˲ʪˣЩԱɶԪյ̳ģŸ־һȴҲЩᡣ
ոеǳƣʵô
Ŷ죬ȥܹܡ
ܹôأ³Ծ
ΪТ̩һ·ڹѼ̽ذǸ߾ôܵء
ǷԱ̽ǡ
ԭһТ̩࣬ǰôѸ٣ۿɹѼ̽ͿԴƽˣƫƫܵ˵оǿĵֿһЩĸ꣬ʿ͹԰ƾ͹֮£ͻ˶԰ķأʱʿּذפصĵܣТ̩ʲһ·׷ˣ֪һеһжԨĵĹƣԨ
ֱԨĵķТ̩֪мˣΪʱ·˽ˣ˽Ž㽫šˡϵĳһ԰رҲ֪Т̩мˣҲ޼ƿʩֻܲТ̩λãֹػصƾı
ԭТ̩ΪԼܲˣǵˣǾ׼ƴˣѾѳ׼
ʱԱͻȻվ˳Т̩һ·ȥߣˮʦܹȡ
Ǻǵģʵû·ˣߣȻҲǾһҲܱʮĺãֻǷԱѣΪԱһɽͷͿԷɵȥǻǾͿүɫ
Ȼ·ôҲòһպԨǰлԨҪôҾսҪôܣϱ߱ȽϱТ̩ʲͻƣӵڻ£ͻΧ
ԭТ̩׼ȥ̲ģԨȴТ̩ͼϱʲôǺôǾԼռ츽ĺ̲׼׽
Т̩ͱԨı˺ߵһɽ֮ϡ
ԱҲǱűľǰѰˮʦģûҵɣҲɲȥˣɻȥҲ
ɼ޾֮·պѦʹǱٱ¡ˮʦѰͻơ
գ̵ȥԮܹܡ
ԪһƵ޷½ξȣ
ȫˮʦҪ½½⻹ֻһˮʦѼ̽ǱߣԸͳ˧š
µȥ˵ɣɫѾˡ
Ԩˮʦûа취
Ǵ̸ĵǰȥԮТ̩
ҺûжԶĻԱҲҲǡܿ죬ˮʦĵһɽǰɽ²Ƿǳߣʮɣ͹ģ涼ǳͣԶԶվżˣǻ֣ܿ˸ˣҲδûгȻҲ±о֡
շǳܹǵ顣
ôȣ
ﶼû½ͱڣʯᾡ
Уξǲǰˣǰ涼ǰ
ԣ΢΢üɷƤ
տ˿ɽ£ֻǷǳҵײ±ڣҡͷֻҲǲܣĳˮǳӿڴϸܲƤû
ϴϵ˶ǳ
ϵ˿ӽߣȴ޷ǡ
ϵ˿㱻ȴΪܲܿһɣ̫ˡ
ܣҪûмǴĻҲҵǿӦܹ취ġڼװȥŬǰԼһĵ;Ȼ˫ĿһǵĹܷȥ

Ҳ˼ͻȻһʣһ㶡
ȷӦԱ֪
˽Ϊʽϼװ壬󳵿ɲ˵ģһ֧˵ǿԣ˵ĻٷһҲ䲻ˣר䴬ģװľͷֻܰڷһǿΪһǿģܣ˾ûվˣҲɼǿж
ϵһĸϵ˴ƣſ£ϵ˿̫ס
˽ͷòš
īֽ⣬һ˵ĸд
ͬʱǿҲ׼׵һԲ۴󺺣һۣ͵žһ򣬵һ֧޼ϡ
ϵ˲ſ¡
಻٣ոպܹ䵽ϡ
աһۣɵһ
˽һŰڼʸϣٶϣдŵľӪȷ֮һдķ⣬Ǻһ䲻λ
ЩˮǶѵģǳʵһɹˡ
̵
ðΣֻ˻ս죬ǱʾȫףǸϽһ㡣
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мһҴһֻ
ȥǲһס֮ԻֻҪӻٶȣҪÿȥץ
ֻȥ˲䣬ϼȥȥץǹǾѽһЩʧ£ȥˣϵŵһ亹ڱͬקסˡ
ͬʱһ
ϵ˿ɲþգԵ÷ǳһҲ¡
ߴֻʼ½䣬ʮ˴ɹʧܣպߵģеԶ䲻ȥ
ϵʯͷڴʯϡ
ͬʱ˽ߵ̶ã˽һЩ졢ݲݸȫóѳɸ߸ߵģôߣôҪôŪĻһ͵̱һ
һж׼׵֮ɫѾˡ
ֻϰ±ϣȡԼƤϣ޷˵˫һţŰս۶ǲ£ֻһ·ǴһЩŵɫҰס
ΨԪЦǷǳȤȮ»Ҳһء
Ȯͷ治ʲôȤζԡ
ֻ鼸
˸ʿȫȫڴϣһԵʿϽϵһ
ǰʵʲô
ʿȻûˣˤ߻أκκĿŶ¡
¼һ顣
ʿ̽ϵ˶¡
ԭµǱҲǷǳ͵ģԨĵļ棬ƾɱˣΪƾǱˮһսȫû·Ǹ߾ǱЩӣΪǶѾ֮ǻȥô˫ı仯¸߾ȥ
ԨľûǿǰսΪТ̩ʱǳȥģǴһЩ֮ǰѾŲ˶á
ɼԨĲ֪ӵĴڡ
ʵԨֻҪ˶ߵɽ¿һܹˮʦģԨô뵽ƾ˷ɵȥԮһһֻΪˮʦ˷ܱ߶ѲߴģоˮʦĶѰͻƿڵģסҲ͵ϮþͲҪõ˷ԼĻоġ
յ֪ϢּɫѾﰵԸˣԸҲ׼׵Ԩ֪ǿ϶ǿġ
˵䣬
ͻȻʵǻжϣ
ǧҡ
˻һһĬ
һСٵǵĴװ¡
ΪⶼսģҶԱͻȻ༸ǧôװ¡
װҲװ
̵Ըֻ׼ã֮󣬾ǸϽԣ⣬еĶ뺣Уڳĵط
Ҳأ
˵Уϴ·⣬ˣŵıЩ󳵶Ƶȥ


1687 ֮
ЩںնԣǺ壬һ㶼ۣȥϾˣʧһǮôȱľǮˣۣһһпٶ
ˮǻЩ۵ģΪⶼǵΪȽװܶոµģҶΰսʤˣȴҪӣԼ彣ˣǿûкôǮս֮飬Ǵһеģ̶Աʯ͵ʯͷ󵶡ìĸͣͶʯ󳵡ΰʣƣȫ뺣УͲûн˸ȥˡ
Ǳϵʿһ䴬ʲôСֱСֲˡˮһǸϽԣԵĻȻҲҪӡ
ЩʿĸоӵãѾһûгԹжԣо̫Ҹˡ
ͻȻǻԴӵһЩֻ
ü˵ǰЩ洬
µͷ
ǵѾˣǻ᲻⣬ܻᱩ¶ǵо
µѵ˾Ͳĵ½ôһڵġѾˣǵĴϿ϶ƵƵģҪǲѣǵķԶǵĴֻҪ죬ֻҪ͵͵ǣҪȡǵĴֻӦҲǺѡ
һУôɡ
̷Ըˣ췫ȥǰƬȡ˵洬
Ӳӣ
ȮԪʵ
ԪճԼĺֲ֣ˮʦϵĶ˽вƲ
Ԫ̾ΪСӾû뵽ôôˣˣˮУҲûеطܣҲ򲻹ǣӰɣӰɡСıԼȥˡ
ǣС˻עġ
½½ѾµôͻȻôûпТ̩һոʿʵܹأ
ʿʳ˵ܹߡ
£漴ͷвȻ𾴡
ǿɶھ֮Уһ룬ͶһΣգԨķ֣ǾͷǳΣˡТ̩ĻôʿǿܻҪߣܾͻҳһţµġТ̩ڣôʿǼͳ˧ûߣȻͻҲΪʲôϵʿǾȻû˿Ļҡ
˵ףɾˣҲ֪Լܷ
ȻԽԽ࣬ϵ˾ԽţΪˣͲ룬Ҳû㹻ܹоĽ
ʹϸӵĶˣʣ˼ˣʵӵһͷѾ̶ˣҪЩˡ
һѯʵ
һֵˡ
ͻȻȻᡣЩš
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µҲûнͣ˼Ҳռ˶ٵطġ
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ǧˣ͵͵ģٶȻҲ첻Ȼֻһ޵ʱ䣬ʱһôˣ϶Ҳ֪ô¡
ڼװһȥһʱ䡣
ĸʱ֣һϢɳȥķŪʮ洬ŬļһҲװ¸ٰʮˡ
ֹȥһʱֻðһ
ա¼æǰȥܹܡ
Т̩ѾСˣһˤȻ㹻ıǲûнˤιȥ
ۣ¹⣬ǰպͶ£ͻȻ溿
ΪһؿȫҳһʮӣȫߣĲ»ϾĶӣڲһȫˡĸڻͻΧʱǧʿȫսĵճڣϾڻϵ⵱ȻƴűТ̩ͻΧˣĲ»ʧ룬һֻʣ²ǧ̱ˣֱӾͿ޻˹ȥ
˽Т̧̩ϢҽƱ
աǰѾЩʿе֪ЩϢȻ
ҪֵĻֻҲ̣սĽô᷸Ĵ󣬲ȫûԴƾʿ
Т̩֮ļҲ½½˺ֶۣ֮ǿ޵ϡﻩġ
ǧ˰ٶʿȫ˳ĽڴϣЩ˵ģֱӵϣȥûзκһˣЩ˵ʿûжҲ뿪ǳıҡ
Уξһж׵ˣԷˡ
ߣƺ󡣡
µ
Ԫһɶƺģ
һֱϣٵȵȰɡ
ϣüѵ롭
󲿷ս½Ψڴ˽Ӧİսġ
һߵĺƽߣͻȻɹâһ¾ʹ
ֻͻȻȻ̫Ҳĳʲô飬ѼӶˡ
һ˫޵˫һϡ
ң˺ðΣһɧƺֶ˲ˣҲ̫
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󺺼ͬʱ󴸻¡
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ֻֻ޼Ѹײڶ֮ƣϡ
ʯ䣬ֻϼ˻вСĴ׹£ͬʱ˲ұУԴˣŵȫſڵء
С»ǹյѽ
ΪԪգһĻЦǺǵ
մһ˿ڴϣ׶⣬ҪһܷɱԨġ
Ϊһ϶ûˣһʱ϶¿ʲôһˮʦͣ棬Ԩļпܻ±ʱͻһнˣϾԤʾսѾˡ
Ҫһ
ֻϧʵǿҲ֪ûгɹҶԷŻˣðͷ
üûгɹ
źĵͷ
һԨĸˣǶԷ㲻ƴôҲʾʾԼķŭɣϵ˶ڵصģ֤ûԨġ
Ҳһλᣬɲɹˣ
ϵ˼ƾֻѾں󳷣վ
ֻһϡ
ȻԨҲ֪µ⣬Ҫ߶£ûгɹ
ʵͲôһ㣬ʱԨĻվǰģӷӦ죬˵ƾˡ
ĵȷȷԨųһ亹ſڵһҶδо˵ĽӽԼһֲ̫򶼿ųˣҪ治֪˭ȥ˵ûԩ
ʱԨվ±ϣԶȥĴֻ޵ҧгݣðΣŭ䣬ָЩľͷǹϵʬЩʬ嶼Ҷι㡣
ƾʿΪڻԼܣҲֻܽͬʬ壬ľͷϡʯͷϣԵоΪʱڣ￴߾Ľʿվϣһ˶ڣʵʬ壬öˡ
ԨĲ֪֧ˮʦѾûϻʱȥ׷Ļ洬ֻۣҪ׷ǾһӣΪƾӵˣûκսüܽǸֻҪ㹻ļô˼һ𣬶㶼ûеط㡣


1688 һս
·ԭһյĹ򣬿ɷʱȴ˽գŵִˮʦĴӪΪ࣬ٶȻ
ÿ˶Ǽꤣ´ûΪˮʦʳТ̩ԹˣҶǶŶӵġ
ҪƾȫûĽ࣬Һͷûܡ
ΨԪաȮͼ˻ȵģǵȻὫԵĶˣֻƾʲôŴһӣԪҲǺˡ
Ƕƾԣûʱӣʴϰ֮˶Ǳͷʹޡ
ܸܵϽھϽڵķ˸ϣҳԵǻ찵أٱʹǰ󱳣ָմӹŹػ
ѦʹԸ٩Ҳ׷׸Т̩
Т̩ȻûڳһֱפϱߣڳеȨλԶƃЩͳ˧ھеǳߣΪǴӸʵۿʼͼƾһֱڣ𾴡
ǺþûгζˡոոճԱԼԲĶƤ׼ȥϢһʱСҰͻȻ˽磬㡣
ֻ΢˵ͷȻ߳ӪʣСҰ̲ϡ
С˼顣
һòƽƽĺ˹
յͷʵʲô
飬ǰ̫ξϵɱˡ
մƬ̣ʹɱ
Ѿȷˣɱɣǡ˵ǱԬǱġ
ûκβʵأ
ڹ˶׷̣͵شҲȥϣΨгӻΪ޼Т
յͷ֪ˣǼеעӳеĶ򣬲κη紵ݶҪϽһ㱨
Сס
뿪֮󣬺յûмŻȥںߣŴ󺣡
Ȼ޼ɵĽ֣ѾԤϵˣ˷ǲľ飬Ͼһ·ٲ˳޼ɵӰչһЩ˸еġ
úһƵվĵ̫ξȻнգҺܴΪҲǾľΪӵңҲˣͻȻ΢΢̫ξ⳯û˿вʺ󡪡֮⡣

ڳ޼ɱϢδھдҲѾ֪ˣҲ֪֮û̸۴¡
̸ģǶ¡ӪТ̩һ¡
ǺΪ˾ˣԥӵװˮʦװģΪȫǲɹģҶȽģõģһʳʿǳԣյĿҶǶŶӻģھдÿÿ̸µʱʿǶ÷ǳҸøŽᣬ¼Ƿǳ׸Ⱦ˵ġ
ԨԭТ̩̫ƾʿȴû뵽Ūɳ׾ƾʿ
ͬʱʼ٣ҪóȻˣټѼ̽ϵܹоᡣ
оС
Ҿ·ִѼ̽ٳδѼ̽ȡͻƣϷΪΪҾʿڽûн˷ŵҾֹǰ
Ŀһɨּ˵ҾڵִѼ̽󣬱ΪսΪ߾Ѿǿ֮ĩʴ˶һƽǣϷڡǡǡԨϣģǲҪǣȻ֮ǰ񣬹ռ˲ٳǳأǲδ̫ĵооڣڵ˫ԣʱսŸոտʼǻδȡʤƣмǲܷɽ衣
Щͳ˧׷׳Ĭ
ʵˣƾһ·ģܹܾ߸ܹ֮࣬Եģ˼壬ʲôܹܣʹռƬǶԵģӦô򣬲ֻһ·Ϊܻܿᱻػص󷽣ʴǸ·ȫǰѹϡ
Ҷô˳߾оϵ⣬ҾͿʼṦͣѦʹһ·Т̩ԼоһѼ̽ϣͿʼ͹˴֮ûϡ
ָͼǿоķأǵıֿصģɼѾϵҾʿˣض὾ܹܶɽһսõ֤оѾҾǹڷɢǱϣбǷֶ֮ǲÿضܹ˵ˮʦ
Т̩һΡ
²ܹܹܣⶼϷĴϷ뵽һ㣬Ҿʿ㲻ʧأȥ֮ϷԻġ
Т̩öվܹܣҡ
һ̧֣ܹԣ·ΪܹܣôЭ·ϷְϷûЭãʧְ֮оǷϷһ·ϷҲܹһⲻܹ㣬ܹ
Т̩һм
һͷģТ̩ôʧӦܴģ˹ȥȻܹҲֻлʵۣǴܹܣλֶߣû˿ԴҲ˵´֮˵ȱȥͷ˭
ʵȷʵΣʱѾʼӦһЩ̫ԾΪʱ
ңҲТ̩ΪТ̩ΪˣҶ˼ȫҳȫ⣬ҵճӶսˣ˭ȥТ̩
ȻˣΪҾӦúϱһⱻоһơ
ͷҲҽԭϷΪӦüбϱ߽ΪȥƽģߵĻפڰߣֹػع
Ѧʹ̵ǼбоҲ϶սߣ߾ȫԱǿĻǵʧǾ޴ġΪǻ취һ֧ƹһֱ͵Ϯƽǡ
ͷ˿ģһζ׷͵Ϯֻ»òʧˮʦȥ̽Ƿлᡣ
Ը˵ͷ
һ㶣˵õؼƻôôֱ˲ʡǴܹܣѾȵ˶ǽѡ
֮⣬Ӧýƻ档
δڣͻȻ׼˵˵⣬ҾҾһǳҪ⡣
˻
յҾǹֵȾҾӶҾ±üꡣɷϵǣĵȷҾһ̶ѣ֪Ҳ϶֪ҲΪʲô߾ܹǿĵֿΪǶΪֻҪΣͻʱһжģĴʹ£ҾǷǳġ
֮ͷֵ˵ȥ
յǱƽľôоͿܻ궯ǿܻ̲סΪҾкڵ˶ԣҲɷǳѡȫԱǵĴУǽȫ˿ڶڻһĵطʳô죿
һСأܹˣǰڳһ־սƣԶǹڷ˳гʳأֻеǾӮڣҲδʴˣһսͿ˭ܹסս߾磬ǲս֮ǿǿǿĹӶʹ


1689 Ǯ
ڴ̣治óѧשңսǡǡսϱȽϸߵľ磬ս֮ƾʲôʵսҺȣֻҪӮЩʲôԳٵ㣬ûνˣһ˾ͷǳŪˡ
ϣܹסҪټ꣬òʧ
üǶĴѣݣǺ߾ѾݶջˣǴס
ЦֻһսѣǲþҪĶȥֻҪöԷ֪궬Ҳǡ⣬һΪʿ׼ʣϾҪˣҪǵʿ֪һ㣬ڲ֮أҲʲôʿҲᾲ
Т̩ȵôʳ𣿡
ڳҲ̫˽⡣
պǺǵĿǰΪ֮ǻûжùһʳڸǿǣȴ̺Щʳô죿Ϊʱʦسǽôʳ˻عڵķãҪԶԶʳļ۸˵ʱ򻹵øʩЩ߾İա

ԶЦ
Ҳ΢΢¶΢Ц
յһȷʵԽս档
оᣬҲΪȶģǺһϾȶס˾ġ
ٲҲܽ˸ûʳûдģǶô˭˭ѽ
ھƾڲ֮أⷽı֤Ȼ͵Ӵ̣Ƕôʹࡣ
ЦŵͷλҲˣʹѾڲ֮أЩҪãǿܷΪⳡʤ

ڱЦ
ʿôЦҲеƣǽ裬ôǻôģ˵Ƶ֮ơ
˴λ֮ƾͿʼϱо£ŴͨѶҲٳТ̩ʧͷһȣ¾룬ǺпܵģսУͷԷȣϾĻͱָӡ
Ҳ֪£ܿͶĻʵ
Ϊ뵺ĵϿܻģʴ˵øڶ֮ǰ͵λҲ˵ڻǳæµʵǱȽɵģΪյļƻõΪתվ͸˸֮ͬʵڼһֱڶֻǴ˵ϣٴһ͵һȻ͵ÿ춼͡
ƾȹ֮󣬴ʣʼ͵ͷ֮ϡ
ݣж·죬ȵȣңҲ״ν޻Ӧе档
޻ĿǰĲ޵ģȻһֱ׼Ҳܴͷȫ޻޻ҪӺ棬·ϻǸǰһǶഩһ㣬ҪΪΪƳԣǲܹʣΪ޻ĳ֣ļ۸
̫Уÿ˿ԼƤë֮Щʦǰ˵ľУһǳʡǮİ취ǽһЩ˿鲼ëƤ·ڲ㣬ڵ·ĺȣһӰ·ۡ
ΪҪǣսԼ˲ǮҲܱ֤ÿʿϵȵ˿࣬ⲻʵ
֮ÿ궼鲼Щ鲼˾ͷǳϧҪ֪֮Ķ֣пһǳġļһǮĻܴ󷽣ʷǷǳʡģµʦĺã·һأҲЩ޹ؽҪʴ֮ʦܵȥԽôãȻĻϰ᲻ĵģ˭ܹ뵽취ã֣лǳĽ
¶ոµģһҪʱů
޻ĳ֣ĹʣټϷ֯ҵԼںܾ֮ǰΪ׼ˣƾԺܴݵԶĵǰʿԼ׼£Ҹ첻ô·
֮⣬ʯͣú̿϶ղ𣬵еľѽ˵ǽߣǲܽɽˣȻľͷȽϻ㣬ʯֻһģľͷյĸһЩҲһǳİ
ƾʿҲɵĶ͹ԾҪ
ʿԣ䣬Եñů͹¡
ͬʱջǳŵʿŵֻҪӮˣ˶ͣϲǷͬʱ͢ڣŮܹѧԺ飬Ұѵʿڳҵ
ƾʿǵ֪Ϣ˷ܲѣȻֻǳŵǺվǽƣû˻ɺյĻ˼ҺΪ˼ǧʿװ˵Ӿӣգ۵ģ˼ҷΪǮôңѾѼ̽ɹߣͣ͢ҵļˡǽȥ߾ѽ
ӪǻϲأһƬ͵ա
Ϊƾ߾ڶŵУӪûиԶƾ߾ʿģǰͶЩ²˼·ΪƾʿõһЩ·һЩҪģ첹֮ģ͸Щ²Щ²ȻԵҲƾǳԵĶµףҲȸ߾ʿҪԵĺãٲǣ˭ЩյĺڽսսĺھԾӢΪǰаշ¡
߾ʿ룬սǣøؤƵãÿ쿪ʱƾ˵ζθ˵Ľǿ϶ǼٵģԨĿɲܵԣֹܵ˷ֵġ
ͬʱ߾ڲҲеѹȻƾһֱںϱûһʼǰ͹ƾԾҪҲ˵սҪܾòܽΪ߾սһأûзģƾãǾ͵÷ãڸ߾ʿ϶Ӱ졣


磬硣
ڴУͷǵĲ鿴ʷʱܵͷ󺹵˽ٺٵ磬˭أ
վϲɣ
ܵգգۣ漴ҡͷǵǡ
ûô
ܵεŷǡˡ
󲮣ĸ󲮣
ǹ۹
۹
վȵôأ
δ䣬˵ʹˡ¹ְ֮
˵䣬ֻ˼ѵ˽
£漴վֵңҡ۹˼ѵ֮ʵ۹ôأǲʲôأ
˼ѵƬ̣ͷһЩ¡
ʲô£
˼ѵ¶֮ɫ
ռ۹ʲôϵҲûˣл˵޷˼ѵ£ǾǺڳ£øεġ
˼ѵŵʹܻܲһ£
һ£Ŀ˼ѵ
˼ѵʵһк˴򽻵Ҳ̸УټǱȫˣмÿ춼ͷǵģЩ⣬ʵǲ֪δ߹ܺڡ
֮⣬ȥǱ߸˴򽻵
˼ѵǸĹҿ峯ĻңȻڽǵô壬ܶ˼޷תģں֮ǰѹûиôչ棬ҲȷȷʵʵЩˣ˶ڰټãΪյļƻս˽ӹܣǱ߱ȽϰȫټѾˣҶѺ͵·ϣ߾ͻ̫ȫ˻ѡء
Ǳ˴򽻵㶼㲻ˣÿ춼̸Ƿֺ֮ʵܲˣ߱ȽʺԼ߲ž˸ôĵطǳ࣬˫ȫȻҲ뽨ҵ׵һĶֵǮ
ճƬ̣ͷðɡ
˼ѵû뵽ջӦôˬ죬ЩӦӦأ
յͷЦȷҿǲܣҸ˶ԣҵԸЩȥ򽻵ָӽͨ
˼ѵϲȭ̫лˡ


1690 ʧ֮壬ǧ
Ϊ£ϸĹ滮ʣѾ͵λڲߣ岻󣬶ǴͳսȽʺ˼ѵټǱȫµģʽǱܹӸãӦø˼ѵһ¡
ˣ۹ͻȻߣǱߺڵ£
շǳίʵ
ڸܹܣͻȻְأǺֲܿġ
˼ѵæʹģǱһжѾ׵ұҪɵö࣬Ϊ޾ҲڰæǰʳңʷҲڰæţڵʱڸ˴򽻵
Էֺ޾ʳ
˼ѵͷֽ޾Щ¸˺ա
ǺմδԤƵģ˰Σ̾ˣˣϼѣǶ˵ʵͦģıˣ죬˼ҾôûãʵһսǷǳѣ
նһ·ûжˣˣԤǣ޺Ͼͷǳɹۣ˭õôûá
˼ѵսǱߵܹӦ磬սϣܹһЩս
յͷһܹ˵ġ
̸֮󣬺վȥ˵Լ׼˼ѵ࣬Լ޵ϣܹһЩն
ǳˬĴӦҲһնˣټá޶ܵвȻֻǴҪսǲ³ȥģðټҸȼңǰûͻƣܹϱߵһЩҲܹǰߵѹΪϱս̣ǰߵıϻǱȽϳģǾǧӣлǧˮʦö˴ȥԮն
ʵԭǴԸȥģǺΪ󷽻ǵնΪȻնھеĵλȽϵͣȻǰƹŴ󶼻ǶԭûʲôҪǵԸȥ»޷Эľ棬˭ģһ⣬ǰȥնָӡ
Ϣȥ󣬸٩һɽҵա
˵飬ҲǵģǱֻǴҪս߲ҪսΪʹȥǱҪȥˣʹ߰ɡ
ż۹ֻнʿǳ㣬ҪˣǵʿܵӰģΪ롣

һɽ˵ǹûʣҪ¡
տսʱ˭Ҳգ߯Ҳˣѹͬˣվǲү˼ѵһȵģүˣǲ
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ۣҲ̫Ҫˣ
٩׷ױӺգûȥˡ
ֵλģߵĺڶѾ׵ݡʶѾ͵λ۹ֻҪͿˣټϣҵȥЩ̸̸ͶʣǵʿܹԵøˣøůˣҲǲүǲǰ
٩ҲԣǮǺճЩˣǷǳҪġ
Ǻ˼ѵɽӹͳ˧ǧӸ˰ټáʵǺܶ࣬ƾͲ࣬ǧ
ǶǷǳģߵĻûʲô£Ѳ֮⣬ʲô¶ֲͷϣгǵʱҲԸͳ˧ˮʦΪְ̫СˣҲ̫СˣʸûСնǱ߲ͬǱ߾ôͳ˧һĳȥǱߡ

ʱһƬֵĺУ߶ȡ˷ǳʤ̶̼¼䣬ټþͱˣټõĻ˶Ѻ͵·ϣټսȡôʤսĹҲռһ룬Ǵнģȴܰŵģжûм֪
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Ҳǳģȫżգףټá
ķżģǰ͢ż٣ǹԱģյĻŲż٣һ͢ż٣Ҳ÷ż٣˾ͷǳģߺ꣬ף
նףʤʱһ⼱ҰһƬ㵡
ٸʧˣ
ƶδȴľˡ
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͵һӣм޴£ضĲ
ԭмߺ󲻾ãϤǿ٣պӱȽСެڣ⣬ûǿֿһ⣬ǶӡպϾ˾Ȼ˵ԼܣеζƵмϣ˵мû׷ˣսְأŵٸоƵģ֪кܶ˶ҪмЩһڸʵ࣬ĵߵڰס
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Ѿȥã붼û룬İ
Τ˼ǫæվ£Ŀǰֻպһ֮ʣӦϸ飬½ۡ
ںߵΤة᧿Σ°Ͱ࣬ʱʧ㸺ô˵˰ʲôòģսһֱ٣мȴְȥ³ǵģʵʤ۱硣
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Τ˼ǫһҲԣⲻǵĵǹغŽɽ𢣬ֻ¡
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̵սĽɶ֮ɽʷƃȥд˶ˣܹܿƽ
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ڵҾѾѼ̽ߣ߾Ѿǿ֮ĩ˾ڣӡ˵ҲӦõģ߾ǵ֮أȡ
ԥɶ֮׼ô꣬ĲٳκβӣȻĻҲὫƵͳ˧˹ȥ֮أͬҲǳҪ
ʦֵ£ΪɴӱͥպԮ󶼻ܹȡʤܹסެȵɶս۽֮ެ㣬ҴϢвɴɶȥĻӰĵġ
εͷ֮ԡ
֮˼ȥǷǳǣǶڣûѽʱ뵽һˣǴС
ǴģҴеԤȫȷڴйְ̫СûҪ飬Ͻ˽и빬С
һŵɫҰף£мɱѽ
һͷˮսְأҴά֮أһԵֳɱδ֮С
е£мĻ־Ļһ٣Ϳެȡ٣ǷɱУެɼмڱµġмһξպͳ˧ƾʲôǷ׷оƾʲôȥ³ǣֻЭպ٣֮ⶨպȥ³ƽѵģҲպ׼׷ġ
ңмʲ뿪ٸıҲڲųŵüգͱެƣպףмɱˣٽ󶼻պĻެС


1691 ά
Ȼųһ亹ϽʤȥʡݲҪǵмگ
С
ŵʤææȥ
ǰֻͷΪʧ󣬻ƹ˴ʧˣһ̣ͷԱޱȵѣʵǺΪʲôżмŵʤ׼ţֵ
ŵʤ˹֪»кηԸ
ȡƵݸŵʤگѾȥ˼ګΣҲýǵگ׷Ļ޽
ŵʤһʵҶó֪µԣӹСȾ˳ȥ
ã
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ŵһʲôã
ɫǵ£΢Ľ飬Ҫ»޶ɵԸ취ǣƽ߾֮ެȻٽȻٱƣ»޺ܹ֪ܿô£ؽ¹Ȼ룬¹ȻΣӣӦȥԮǡ
ε±ˡ
ٱϾ볤ʮǧ˵ԮȽѣҪΣԭҲȽѣ¹Ȼ뱻ƵĻ¸¾ǹе볤̫ˣѽ
Ǿ»޿ɲٸǻᡣ
ԭ»ȷʵŵˣΪƾ׼ҪһԼĶ׾پ͹ٸôٸıҲָƣҪǻӦǸˣԼϵˣһճǼѽͳ˧ʮ·¹Ȼ룬ʱûʲô˵ģҪս
˫ô¡
ߡһըټϳһԶȻǿڱ̫⣬һ򣬶»֪ûʲôǵĴǱ÷ǳΣա
ڴзӦʱʵ¹ȻŶѾ·ˡ
ǱŵʤʡʱȻگѾȥоûô򵥣Ͻ¼˽گдãֱͨʡȽмɱˣʱʲôҲܸˡ
ŵʤּææȥҵ˼ګ˼ګϽɿ׷Ƿ
˼ګ֪ʲô£ɼŵʤʵ۵Ľƶ˳֪·ǳأǲҵȥ׷
ϾǾˣǷگδܵأ͸׷˻
պмʱȫȨ󶼻ķһҪס󶼻˵ô˵˭ҲûףΪмҲûʲôһҡ
ڵ֪֮󣬷ǳȣϽȥΣţм󲻿ѽĻڵġ
ʱѾӦˣﻹᱻƣɱҪˣʱ㻹նݳûйһߴȥ
Ȼ¹Ȼļʱٹ𾪡
ҪŪãǲ롣
θϽٿҪ飬Ӧԣôв飬ʱҲ˲ôˡ
Ҳ˲ʲô𱰣Ĵ˵վ£УֻϣɱȥɼӦеģ̴ӹе˹ȥ
ɣɡ
˳˾ճʱѾýľˣʣ±õĲӣºͳģȥ¹Ȼ룬һ¹Ȼ뱻ެƣɾ᧿ΣǲġߡǾǳûͳ˧»޵ĵ֣Ψһľʵ̫Σˡ
ۣⷬҲ˵Ƿϱãþǹͳ˧ģþǻʵ۵Ľɻʵֱͳ˧ġȻǵߣڵĻǶ˵ߡֻм죬ʵ۵Ľ̫ðˡ
еԶˮȲ˽Ψгɱ¹Ȼȼü֮
ڵ¹ȻҴǰܹɱȥǣѾ御Թ˲ϾӦԱΪϳ飬̴Ÿǣǣأز˵Ļ˻عеҸ뻯ţ¹ȻǨҹǱҲӦøϽŸ˾ǣٻعأ߾ʱǵԴΪذ
ޱͬ񣬴ͷԷɣοǷޣڵȻȱԼ
ʦ˾ǻأҲԶˮȲ˽ɶųĻܻᱻ߾ģ쾵۲Ҳôܵô˵ެȻڣǹеĲҲ٣˾¡
ڵбڣûܹ»࿹ͳ˧սͳ˧ɶ
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һ̣иڼҵĳҧ̳Ϊ飬ڶҶ˵䣬ΪҧĵȷȷѡҲϣҧܹɽ
ҶΪҧ»صУһӢ۹ʱҧȴѸߣĿܾε롣
ǷǳΣֻ˵ǱӦ
ּóҧƽһսңԼĲ¶ҧھ澡ʧˣ˼ҳҧ˼
ûа취¬ȥ˵͡
¬䲻֪򣬵Ϊκɣҧô̫ˣǾȥҳҧ𣬡¬ΪƳӣ̷ҳѵͷӦͦأ
Ҫҧһƾͽ˸ȳȥˣһʣһ𱰶Ҳܹ¬죬ȷʵżѽ̾˿¬ϵܣΪϷ£
¬Ȼʲô
ҧص̾˿Ϸ򲻿ϳɽΪϷȷʵΪ£ϷˣϷѸߣ㰡⻹ҪģҪǣϷ򵱳ж׹ûдֻ밲꣬и꣬ɥϷǵֲ»ޣϷɽͻǡ
¬ҧ׷Բԣ˫Ŀ˵Ҳǰ̾ȷʵǰĸҧˣǰҧô˵Լ򲻹»ޣҲѽ
ֻ˵εһУ̫գֱӽҧŪˣÿҧʱˣȻĻƶû֢ġټϳ޼ǵ³ҧ𶼿ģҪǣҲ߸կԪѽǰ涼Լ磬ɽĻһˣϳ̼ҿҲһܲôǼûж־ȥ»һսַǳӣ࣬ԼȥĺԴƶҪá
¬컹ĵˣͻȥΣǳҧȷʵѾˣǲˣѡˡ
ɳȷʵѽ
ؿҲҽĴڣҳš
пʼĴཨΣɶۣ֮ͳ˧Ƕ߾ԣ¹ȻҪˣɲСʧ󡣾¬˶ãȷʵӦÿǷɶ֮ۡ
ԼĲɶۣ֮⵽⣬Ը³
ʵɼһҲǰͼԽԽãҪʵģƳڶ̶̼䣬ộôʵѾƳļޣҪǺյƻȲסơټһ۱û˭ɵӣʵ»ôΪҲԱվެĽǶϣǾҪôģΪҪٲ֣ǵĽ࣬һƳЩ󣬿϶Ƕެֵģ齱˺˯
ƳûȥǴެûҪ


1692 ǵȺ
ս죬߸߾սҲݱĽС
ʵҲûȫɺյĽ飬ҪĽ߾űȥɲï磬ϰڰ˼ȥ㲡Ҫںϱֿ֮ʼѼ̽ķ߷µһ͹֮ƾʿսЩһȱڣÿԨļʱϵȶסߡ
ԨҲ֪ƾٹ¾ǰߣƾĺϱ̷ߣбѼ̽ϣֵƾ
ԨĻ治Ǹǵãƾˮʦڻ£ȻûйķߣսϣռƣˮʦںҫǵеСۣڻΣݲݣƳˮʦǰ͵ƾĴֻԸЩУųһ亹Դ֮ƾˮʦҲںϺаԵ÷һ㣬Ѽ̽ϾǺϣƾ޽ںϣȻû۴˼ǳ˷˳ˮ
żƾĹơ
ƾʿҲǳסҳԵúãůľͺ£Ѿˡ

ټã
ŻεˣվͷΣðΣһֻӵӰǱʮּ
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ЩǮ󷽵ˣصӭӺյģǽոˡ
ɼȷʵһˮƽΪ߶ҪΪƻǳֻ֣ת
ֵ˺һ⴬ſ
ͷܵѾڸ֣к
ֹƬ̣ղŴӴһ̴ӵȥò˫Ķ£ȴӡ
ɼ˻òŻԷƯиãܼ򵥣㳤ƯȥǮ˵׻ΪǮ˷ġ
ˡ
С磬ˣ治֪Ǳ߸
ѽǱ߶ڽսֲ̣Ǳ߶Σѽ

Щ˵٩ǵһޣúӦôԼߣԷǱ߲ĵط
ˣˡ
ֱ۵Ÿ´ǺôҲЪϢһѽ
һڨڨֱЦո뵽ʹȥ
ﻹѽټõĻʹڣһţһ˵
Ǯ󷽺ٺٵС磬˵ԭΪټþǻ֮ûɶͼģû뵽ػǲ
Ц׬ˡ
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պߵƨͱˣԼƻԪܣСؿǿӿˡϷȫףҪԶһĲʣ鲻Ը̬ࡣ
Ԫίҿûи˵ֹţҪֻһ˵Ļأء
һУһԪܣҲ̫̰ˣôһأԪ̵ô
ԪܵҲ
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֮Ŀһɨ˵Ҳǵģ˼ҹ۹ԲסǣҪ۹ߡ
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ֻᣬܼƻܲ˵Ǿǹû˵˼ѵ֪ô죬ҲԸԽǾԼ룬¿Լ룬ٸ£ЩԼ롣
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ЩˣҲԶԡմ˴ͷ̾ʲô⣬ǾͶ˵ɡ
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СⶼУΪˣ˭ԼС̣ⲻйˡ
ʵףȱһϴԪܱУ˶ģ˼ѵû˼κ¶ԼҪǾۣػؾôУǺܶ²Ǿ۾ͿԽģϾⲻһʼֻռһǳأټöˣȻͻᱬ䡣
Щ⣬ںǾͲи£ΪǷǳŷգ˵ʲôôЩ棬Ҳܹܣͺý
ڶգЩӲ죬ΪͷټãҲ֪ټھ
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վߣǰһ޼ʵĵЦ
ǮĵⶼǺСĹͣǲźСİ
ļͻȻС磬ôҪǲĻδһЩ˷ˡ
յû˵׼ǸֻһЩҵѡ
ļƵ㽫Щҵƣǻܿʲô
ЦÿԼȥ룬ʲôԭûеģÿһضɫֻҪһЩɫҵ͢Ƿǳֵ֧ġ
һ˼
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Ǯ̵УУʱټҳһƬ˳ûˮ㣬ռ˲أǿǻǮģôǲƽ
˷׷׿գˣǿɲģϣõټõÿһأǸռһ룬Ļٱľ
ЦȻ᳤ȥ͢ôټõľõչ
һԣһϲ˵ǼȻѾҴƣͲἤ䣬ȻСطҲ㲻ʲô£ǳ͢ڰټ˷ѸľҶ˶ԣǰٺһģöԾߣʹ뿪ԼأʱȾȵ߾һ
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ֵ֮һҪסЩضǵ˽вƲòһҪﳤõľӪȥǵĹðպãǹڵѹȵصİգһᷴģҶòʧ
Ҳ̫ӺԶʱģһŴܷ£ȴҪһ裬ĿǰԣһڷԣǾͻ㣬ô͸һڷȵ﷢չðҪ󣬲Ÿһ㣬˲ǳ֮ơ
ЩһͶ
ͷЦС֮ҵȻעġ
ʵԭδ뵽һ㣬ģҲװʲôӣֻ߾İǿĵֿΪЩ黹ǲˣñǰҪöֻ࣬ʵ䷴ǰҲöԽȥ޵İע޷õģҪһαӡ
գǮǽһЩȽϼֵ󣬺վǰǰնϡⷲ¶ػټüȻѾˣ⣬ʣµҪʱȥı䣬Ǽõģ߾ĿǰΪҪ顣

˾ܴʤսȹҽˣҴƵĲѽ
ǰǰߵ·ϣ;·ʣǴǵϣԿһַǳǺܻɢɢģƵĺھȣֱˡ׷Ķ£ˣǷǳġ
ЦѶǶԣδһ£ǽˣϺȣҲԸ»˽ˣѣҴƵĲҰ
һ㶣ֻ˵еǾ͵¶ԣܰæĶѣһҸ£ں棬Ҿܹǰרս
赭дЦֻСѡ


1693 ˾ţ
󷽵սԶûǰôʴ˺еüգնĴӪ
նǷǳĽʣǿģүԮĵնܲô
һѹնȲѯǰս¡
ձ㽫ƾѼ̽һ£֪ն
նźĵͷ
ռգк棬ʵ֪սߵΣ
նЦһж˳
աöЩ棬˳ǻ
Ӣеɻ󣬵ʵǶûгȫȻĻԨͱǴˡ
ڴֲ̣Ϸȫøɻʵ˻
Ӣ߱㣬ܹƽȥҲûƽǣʴˣǾһȶԨ棬ҾҾ̱ܱٳ¡
һۣţƤá
նæҲû˵ǰšʵҾܹںӦԣҲΪ߾ǰߣʴǲࡣ
պȻˣΪβѰͻƣ
ն̽ԭһ顣
ԭԨˣ䲻Χ޴˼ǳƯΧսɹĽնǣƻȥƵնֻܰں󷽿ţȷƾʿܵ˺ܴӰ죬Ϊ޵ܣնЩʼδز㣬Ҫ򹥼սǷǳѡ
նԨڼһķȻԨΪܹסһߵġ
նϲѣΪһûʲôպͼ̵ĳǳأǸ߾ŵ·ߣǰǴ޵ģ߾õķصĵصǛֽͬѾƽľڣԨȻǲն򵽛ֽȥϣһϣסնǰ̫ѹ
ЩĶǽɹնǣƻȥԼƵն޴ں󷽣ԨҲäĿԴˣƾӣսռƣΪǿסһߵġ
նͽƾͼƣûʹȫԶ֣ԨΪԼܹסһߣͬʱָôһѹֽıֻҪǹսնŲ࣬¿ɶǾǿڰټûֵġ
ͬʱնڴ̽ǰߵϢĹϣǰȡͻƣȻ˳ƴӺ󷽻Ԩ߾һֲȻϱлƽǵ˺üգǰûʲôϢõȥҲǸ£ϣܹһЩһЩˮʦΪҪִƽһҪҪΧǳأȻҪıвӣͬʱһЩפذټá
ΪնھеλߣҪı˼Ҳһ˭߾ҽˣҴʲôǰͺλȷʵҲս¸ңʤͻ˵ļʣų⣬Ҳѧˣ˼ѵȥҺʿܲڼӵ
ն˵ȻǷǳί񣬵仹͸һɰҲǴ򲻹ԨʱԨֻΪƽ̵档
ҪԨ֪նʵ뷨ƶѪҽһ൱Ķ֣㾹Ȼ㿴ҡ
յҲ˵սаջԨ
նŵĵͷֵԮѵҲȥ
ʹͻȻǺһ⣬ҾǰռټãʹҾ÷ֱȥפأֻ޵ЭʵǲãҾִƽһⲹϣʱҾܻάȵľء
Ц֮½ңλֻܽǡ
նЦк仰Ҿ޺֮ǰ
ҷ֮£̰ǰס
һЦȻ˰
һ˽
Цҵ֪ͨ޷棬ȫȥҪһһѾҪǡ

ǽٳȥ֮նǻûзӦ
ʹ쾪ȵ飬ǡ
Ц޾ֻһֿݣǡڼˣǾͲܺ˵úһ㣬׼Ϳԣߺܹܿ㶨ġ
ʱûлعĴʱȥĻô֮󣬿Ҳûʲô£ϾͬˣùͬսսƷҵĴں档ʵ޶ûʲô־ˣ޷Ǿһѡ
ƾͻȻ֪ͨǣǻȥһ԰ʹ壬ǰʹǴ򽻵տɻδģǳȣʲôأǸϽɴ󳼸˹ѯ
տûʹô˵ʹϾĳǿϣʹǿͿġռʹѰ䣬ͷĽѵһǴ̲УǵҲˣҲ֪Ҳ䣬·޲ãҪʲôãнټõĴ󽫣ʲô
֮һӶʲô¶˳
ʹȻմǻδ棬ˣնδ£վںǰΨΨģǿˡ
ѵһַ֮ͨǳȷĸʹҪôȫߣûǣǴͬԸ㶨սһҲõ
ǻҪõǱټá߾ռЩôǧʿ䣬ƵĺھΪǵɴƽͳ˧ʮʯݣ˶ȥﻹݣҲûпкǣ֮⣬ټͨ߾ĵ·ʱƾӹܣΪټ߾һͨ޵
ⲻǺۣӲԹ涨ֻѡ
Ҫ˵۸۸
ټö磬ҪҴƳԮȣͱˣ񻹸иɫզԼ
ʹ仰˵ȥ͸ȻǷǳŭ̫ˣǺôҲѽԼģ˼ҸģҪеãнա
ʴŭŭܹƵģټñ𣬸߾ҲˣǼʶƵľǶôǿͻȻһôǿӲİʹͻȻҲʱҪƣǾȡǸϽӦϸպյǧʿ䣬Ҷ׳꣬ԼʮʯݣȻʦسǰһĳ˵һǸ˳ƾͽĳߡ
յȻ˼ĳţܹ֪ǰߵս£ˣԼڹĳֲ£ǸŶѣվ͵֪
ʹ졢նǴδ˰˵ǧʿ䣬ʮʯݣ̾͵ˣ˵Ǹ仰û˵ƽʱʲôģֻļ˵㲻ƫƫҪвŻԹԵ
սǧʿھھĴԵûҪЩ²ãϾ˾Ƿ²ʳҲ޸ģ￴ǵݣֻǲ뱻ռ˰ˡ
һ£Щʿ治ҷ£Ϊܱ߶ƾԼϴѾؼȥˣҪٵĻǾǾã˶û֪ĲǿЦġҲǳȷĸǣɵúãнɲã͵ýܳͷǾ͵ƾľãǸɶ͸ɶɻ˭ҲаԹԡ
ͬʱնҲѾսƻƶãʵг񣬾ԷﶼһǽȫɶºԪһ⵱ȻǶԸģ׽һսҲնµǴӦԪһǴ͵͵ȥġ
ֱӴӵоΪĵƵоķߣȻѸػصоصĺ󷽣ǰ沽лԨӡ
ΪԨһǰغͣ±նһƣʴ˼бǰߣնܴﶼ޷Ͽôֽ֮һĵشնҪһƬػء
ԨǺܽһˣûа취ն˾ԻͷתΪԼƾ֪֪ףȴ֪ƾûʹȫƾ˲˺ǵķߣҲ÷ǳһӶϽ࣬ػعʱʱɽ֧顣
ԨﻹսϽʲˮȥǴɺ֮ʱնʹ졢Ӣټ϶µˮ˷ɱڛˮˮܸ߾ƾƶɹˮֱָƽ
նսʵǳ򵥣Ψ첻ƣڛֽδվסţֳõоδú÷أһѸײڶ֮ƣȡƽһǳҪķߣɽٳ¡
նֻǳƯΧսϾͽˮԼˮϵĸ߾ؾȫˣΨһϧþûץסԨ
ɼն˼Ҳûдţһ£ͱٳ£Ԩͷһء
Ҫ˧Ĳ̫ˣնȫѹԨӣ߾ڣԶƾʿʹ졢ֶַǳϽĽǷǳִնսôһоͱ÷ǳɡЩ˾ڣնܾûôɡ
ƽⶼˣսôã⻹ƾһصִƽڡ
˵ƽİգնδʱ˿ΪʲôնʹǵǻӺڵѹô򷨣ҪûѹǾйˣգۼ䣬һ࣬ҲʼЩǣڵܷ񲹸ϡ
Ԩĵֻƃּͳ˧ûнնϣΪնھжʮ궼û٣һֱвǻʮſʼһ棬һ;ǷǳģʴԨҲ̫˽նΪԼĳӿԵֵסնֻҪסУټϸտʼԨһʼȷסնͰĵǰƾû뵽գۼ䣬նʹ򵽼ſˡ
ն׻سԵĹǣδȡʲôսƽϾǸ߾׶Ҫǳؼ̣ԨµĴɳҲ˾ģն˵ɽʼϱιǡ
ʱյһܺ
»ޣ˵
տܺ󣬷ǳε


1694 ս
һ⼱ʵǽ¹Ȼս¸֪˺գǺյģǳ͢ģǳ͢͵ĻҲ͸͸
շǳƣһսԭʮþȣＯôǮǺҲҪ߾»ʺܳ£սֱ޷Ԥ⡣
Ҳǳף¹Ȼȸ߾Ҫˣĸ߾һ˵Ĺңμпܻѡ˱
ôһҾͽǷһʾ޿÷ټãҲ÷ǳӡ

ɽ
ߡԳмƾŰɽӲĵֵס»ҵĹƣͬʱԼҲʧأҲйҲʣֱĹսͳ˧һҪڳǽָӣʿӹ⻷ģͳ˧ںָӵĻʿҲƴȥء
Ҫֻ֪ʿެͳʮлΪެİҰɽҲأټ˼Ҷķָƣ˼Ұĵ̡
²ɱԮˡ
쳤̾
ʵǵıܹסôգѾ漣ˣԷɲǸ߾ǿެ
ʱԮǰܹʱϵ
ЦǲһЩСҽرͳ˧
ʵѾԤϵˣΪм죬ңԳ˹¤ųԱǱ߹¤ŵԪǸոŵţһ췴͢ôὫر
˵ܲ٣ܲپ͵
εگˡ
Ĵһʱʧ֮ɫ
æʵô˵ģ
̾˵أ˻عڡ
Գ¹Ȼô죿
һͬ˻عڡ
ԳȻܽ˼ҵĹѽ˼ô
̾˿ʵǺĵģûǣȻѾˣǻǼ׼ɡ
ҲεĵͷԳȴǴԶ΢΢üͷ
뿪֮Գ͵ܣϽȥ׼һ£ݾȳΪϺ󡣡
ԳĿðΣֳҡҲ뿪
£϶زסģѾǳǻǼ糷ɣˡ
Գ֪
㡪
˵ţͻȻһĨ֮ɫ
Գۿ΢΢Щʪ󣬴ͷȥܹнգȫƾ˾̫ξΣ̫ξ˾˽Աȴʲôˣѱ񻹻ţҲֻǽҰˣһ취ҵģ䱻Ǳսɳ֪˾ڴƵġ
СõĽһظˣʱԼδȫĵģ־㲻˵Ҿ˾˳ڹ췴ôѳΪҾ˾ԩ
ĬΣЦаɣǾͲˡ
Գһæɲֳѽ
¶ɬЦ⣬ɱΪҲòȥҲûŹңһֵܣδͬͬҲ׳աҲĽʿ˻عڣԼļҽսס
Գ㶰Σ漴Цŵͷ
¤ȻڲѾǳ࣬ǻôЩˣ̳˵־
ҲΪʲôҪǣҪúƺջѪǹ¤ŵмǷѾ˼űסǵġ

ɽ
ˡ˻棿
նһ㵵Ŀźա
ͷ˵µگҲѾ·ˡ
ڽӵһ̸֮ܺǰ߸ն񶬼дǷǳΣյģǰϵȽѣһǰȥǿɾͳɹ¾
Ӣ㵰ΣЦ
ʹҲǱĿ̾
Ȼٳ£˼زĿǰδƳ֮ߣԤ֮еģ֪Ҫƽǲô׵ģϾ˼ҵ׶ǱҲޣ븹أǻһЩפں󷽣ñ˵ֽһҪɱפصģڹǵľӾڿǵǣθƽѹԨĵɸıأΪǰߵᡣ
죬ǰܻܿ˱ģ治֪ô졣
նиζӳ£߻δȡóɹǱߴ󶼻ܶˣǿĴӪѽǧ֮⣬ܾȵˡ
ԭ־Ľǣ·˲׹˱ѡ
ʱһ˵սδǻԼսȥ
һֻվм䣬ǳļ˵¾Ҳֻ᳷᳷ߵģǻܼսȥ
ǰߣǰߵȥ͹ˣǺ󷽻չ˰ټãӦò᳷ߵġ
ն̾Ҳ˵ܷԹƽǣܹҲǰǣŵоĻоǸ򲻹
µƽǰʱѵǲÿϧ˵µگδڻʱġ
նӢʹǶǳȵĿŶ£ƽﻰôձ˼
ⲻ֪µһյȵʵ̫ˣŽӵܵʬǴعУƽԸҲΪʲôǰսǳͣԪһǳǰ棬ʱ˱ǷǳǳĲġ
նü룬ҲԣȥҲˣܲͷŰʲôûţ˵ĲӦ취Ͻƽǣʰ
ӢʹҲᶨĵͷСˣɲܱС޸ȥѽ
һпǲǽƽΪпܻ᳷ֻĿǰҲ֪λδ㡣
ʱ֡
磬㿴Ǳߣ
ոմӪʳСҰͻȻָɽϵ
̧ͷһֻվɽͷңԪһǶԱߡ
̾˿Ȼɽȥ
ܹʵ֣ǾͲ˵룬ЩΪԼ룬ܹĴۣ㲻ҲǵһΪԼܶ

ƫͷһҵʮꡣ
յǵöԼĽʿⲻǸ֮սЩǲǿġ
µҵȻ֪ҲôģǾǻлṥƽǵġ
ϲ뵽취أ
ԪһЦС磬㷽ǲǻΪѹɲµ磬Ƴ֮ˡ
εΪβ˵
Ԫһզ¡
ҵȻٸˡ
µ㵽뵽ʲô취
µƽǳǽ̣ɽҹؾͱҾҪ࣬գӵϽԹƽǵġ
£ӵ湥Ǵ﹥
ϡ
µ
졪˵ЩԱ
š
ֻ̾飬߱
µǵĹ
ղ˻
ָǰƽǣ߾ķݶ붼éݣַɻ𹥣ƽ滷ɽеǸߵعǵķԱɡǵķԱܹӿнͶУһѻܽƽո⣬Ǳɳҹڡ
߾񷿣ǵľͷɵģһ㼴ȼ
ôݰôգһѻأöֻëȻͬʱҲö»һţȻܹ뵽ôǰսӿֱӷ
˼Ҷ¾ģŲں᲻׷ʤ롣
ԪһٺٵҾС
յνȥ
üҶǻǺⷽ滹̣ҵĹǣֻȼյˮȥȻڿеȼڡ
üЩѣȣĳƵģ޷ȥΣڿеҲǷǳѵġǲŴٸԱһǶѡ
Ԫһⷽ㲻óô
ΪѽûУҪôŪ
ɶ
һֻĴ󹫼պ
Ԫһһۣ˵Ź֡
µܹɹĻǽ᲻Ѵ֮㹥ƽӦȥһԣܷɡ


1695 ϱв
ò˵Ƿǳ룬Ϊ̣Ҫ·ϣˮʦֻǸģ׽һսѾǴºսļ¼ǰδйģӿнйųѽ
ǻ˵ĻôҲ뵽ƾҲ˵ֻҪܹĻǾһһ׼Է֮ûС
ձ˵ҲһЩģĻһݣܹܶ鷳ȷֵȥ˼
ȥҵԪգϾԪǷвӵĽȺջҪ˽ЩԱ
úúãǺã
ԪԣѣкãϣܹԱսһչˡ
ûҲ֪ãȥʵ֡
Ԫ㶣˫ۿźյóģң
ʲôóóǧñ˵ҩôͷǳóһۣôóģԼô֪
Ԫյ⻬ǳ֣ӻþѽ
Ԫһʾͬĵͷ
պߵҪôôһ˾ͽ߾ˣҪǡ
ԪһôŬ룬ܻа취ġģֻҪ취ѵԱͶ¾ͽңУСҰʱһȥɡ
СҰĿ˼£ҲЩġ
ȥȥȥСҰˡ
յԪһۣ̫ΣˣŲСҰȥ
кʲôģȫȥԽ
ºձ˵ãȷ취Ϊֻɻը档
˺ͷϣڣƽڵͼֽǱƽǣͼֽҲŪˣϣȼʩеĻԻЯԼĿǰȼϣܹ˺޷㹻˺Ǿûʲôء
һڼ˵£ҲջƽǣջһƬһ£˺ԺԣϾͶȥĲȼյޣ˵ܿ˸ˡ
ֻǼСֵĻⲻǹǣἤڰյߣֻòʧ취вͨġ
̾˿ֱҡͷвͨģͻȻգգۣƺ뵽ʲôߣߣ
סšߡһΣͻȻһĴȣѽҸҪջƽǣҿƭѽҵĿұѽΪʲôʵֻһƭӣ⻧ֻҴ˴Ľɫˡ
ˣǷǳ˷ܣĿ˸

պɽһɽڡ
ʲô⣿
նʹ졢ӢԪա¡ԪһСҰ׳һȦԲ׶ֽͲг
ЦרΪвӷ
ô
Ԫ͵һѵզð
ÿΪʾһ顣
ҸϽÿ
һ۴ȼȻȼߣƬֻ̣һһһƿֻֽ֮ͲͻȻʡ
ŵһĿȥֻֽͲʮߣͻȻڿлһȭͷ׹䡣
ʵǰСʱóģֻװ˲ʯ͡ƾȵһЩȼǲᱬըģǻȼյġ
ΪÿسԶţûҩĲϣҪΪ˷õģľǵƭʷǺ³Ƕ»޵Ĵɱûҩյģһ㶼ʹõģҪöˣ˼ҾͻһС
ȻӲὫҩطκ˵ģڳ͢͢׵ģҲûбҪȥģƾʵҲҪ⣬ΪļϣҩԷӳƾǳǿҲҪҩ
ЦǿԽڻϣӿжƽǷ
µܷڿеأ
յѾԹʲô⣬Ϊ۱ҪȼֻڿԵõ𣬵ʽҪȥգ㶼Եȼǻƻ۵ģңǵĹѾڻϰװЯװãӦҲʲô¡
ǴٹֻϧûдţſԵõĽ
նϲǿԴӿнһѻܹջƽǣҾҪٷһһ䡣
Ԫһ߯ҲСˣҪܹôͺˡ˫ֱԲ׶ߣչҲǳѽ
յΪʱǶԵط䣬ٴһ㣬ôǲܵģΪܵҲǼ޵ġ
µҪֻٴһĻҿԶƽĴ
ôĻȥ˼ҿ
ǹؼڡ
յʵҪжԵ淢𹥻Ҫǳ߳ķмɣҿжԱķд;룬ҲֻʮˣȥɣҪջƽǾԲܵģǵĳС
һʧ
Ԫû
ЦǼ֪ƽǵؾԴһ֪ѽ
ü˵Żǣ
յͷǿԸǣֻھǣٲͶĻǾջƽǣڸ߾ЩӿҲֻǰղżģǿܹһСȥǿ϶ҲܹһȥͶģ֤Ƿֺ
ΪǰնҲɳԱȥ顣
ӢƽؽԨĵĸ󽫣ûôġ
Ц¸ЩûõģҪȫǵİա
ӢƵô棿
Сֽ
ЦǺǵֻôһ㣬СֽĻжپͿӶ٣ǿԴӿȥƽûмӸǡ֮ϲߣǹģ֪ǿһѻƽǸˣܲôټŵһͶģھɢҲûˡ
µҪϢЩҲס
նЦգգ˼
ԪյСƭ˹Ȼһһ׵ġ
һüͷ˵ô˵ţһصնܹܣǾصأôܹһ˵
ն㶣ô
յҵˣҳСӣ»ܶȥˣǺð˵һֻš
նԪĲǺ죬üͷһ壬˰
ԪռɲţɽѽŪСûˣǿԼҲѽȻᣡʲô˵ȣ˷жӴӳԪҲ
бĿһƳôֳɷжӴӳأ
Ԫյһֱǰвӿɶѵġ˵ţ̽СҰ˹ȥСҰɷɲ˵ѻģʵ˵
СҰвѵģҴδʲôжӴӳ
һ㲻׸˵ģֻбº˾֪ԪպһֵвҪִôؼ񣬳֮⣬˭ʺϣҪҸˣҿô졣
նֿա
յͷȻǷвӴӳȻҲʲô˵ȣðɣ˴ͽˡ
Ԫ£ͻȻӦдϵˣԵؽҲҪѵģյȷҪİæָźգСӡ
̾°ɡ
ȡȻᡣ
Ԫһ̧֣ðɣðɣҷ֮¡˵ţ͵͵ĵ˺һۡ
ֹˮž
ʱͻȻ˼ˣԷҲͶġ
նۣЦֻҪǸҳǣôϷ֮


1696 ʱĽ
翪ʼХ߾¿εĶˡ
Ҫ֪⺮ΰ߾սʤǿĵˣǼһҲ⡣
ǲ֪ԭоӲ
ֻܰһأأɲܻػؾ㣬ϾҶͬһƬ¡
ʣʱѾˣ
վɽϣڿУͶڵķԱԵյ
ѾǳڣǱȽϸģȥ콵ѩ˭ҲŻˡ
յͷҲֻҪնѣӦûǸϵüġ

ֻһͨ˹ʹҾѾ˳ϱߵش
Цŵͷ¾㱸ҵҪ߾İǲö
Ǿ󣬷ԱͶ֮󣬻ǱȽϷģõķ·ߣҪϱ߽䣬ΪȫǸйأϱߵһݵأԱ䣬Լٶɣնԣʲô£оֻסؼҪסϱߣƾƽΧȡġ
գնǶɽߵɽϣȻѾԸܵ΢΢̹ǵĺ⣬ջʣ̫ҫ̫ھԼŬǴȥ˿˿ů
Ȼնˣͦ׵ģ˭ҲʷԵʱ̡
ƾһһԳ˴ģķвӣвӶΪ飬ǴţǷвͷشӿжԵ淢𹥻ȻޣκηΰǴһ̿ʼġ
ҶԴ˶Ƿǳڴ
ǰϦ
Ԫˡ
ȮԪԵһֱԪѵЩԱҪǲ١ȵȣԪտɲɣԪվϣõĿУͷûֻܿһЩ취ɣȮⷽмҡ
Ԫմ˿Ҳƽʱɫ࣬ΪһĻģ⼸նûûҹЩԱѵ뺫ţθĽܹӷԱͶڡ
ʮԱڸԱİ£ŻǰҲһһӵš
Ԫһ£ʮԱԱİ££ݵ׹ϰ
ûйһڶҲȥһȥӣڿбַǳĶΣƽǵϿգΪƽոɽ棬ǳʺϷС
նǿԶȥķԱмǼǽš
΢һ˵ǳż˵롣


оĴˡ
ȷַвӵǳͷʿɳű档
ǶǼвӵģΪնһʼɷвǲ֪ʲô⣬ǳƺΪоĴ񡱡
ɳ̧ͷЩ񡱣޵ǵĹ޷䵽ЩвӣֻܿͷϷɹ޿κΣҲ֪вӾģܹ鵽ķǳޣʴҲǺܵǣƽǹ֪ڵĲҲԹ¡
ƾδôĴ񡣡
ɳߵһһӶӴĶΣͷӹ˵
ɳ΢΢ü˸ǣֱǷɻȥΪֹ
ĩ
ʱƽǴȻѾٳ£ǵĽǣǲܹڵģǾɷģڵİջǱȽϵ㺦£ⷹҲҪԵġ
Ȼ䣬˾һӰӴͷӹǳ̧ͷȥ⡰ͷʱǻǳңǷⶫ޺÷ǳϡ棬һصǷǳģͦ׳۵ģ˷׷׳Źۿ
Ƭ̣һӷԱһƬǳܼľֻǿʼ΢΢б׼塣
ֻСӳͻȻץסߵһľˣǰһƣžһһľǰרƳĵ壬΢΢ζһ£ܿͿסˣǰԭƽеöͬʱбּСӳӼȡһֱҧ͵һֻ⡣
Ǿûۣ滹֮Ĳϣʵ飬ȷϨ𣬾ϨҲбõģ֮ࡣ
ֱӴǰרƵķϣȼ߲ϸͲߣֱֻð˸ƵԽԽ졣
Ƭ̣ವ
ڳںķ棬ǷǳΣյģܽԼˣһˣʴ˺רŵ壬ͭģľͷģΪ̫ͭˡ
֮⣬ұ߻һƸˣƸ˾װõģֻҪǰһƣǰڵװþͶȥΪֳڵȶҲһûȥֱڻͻȼգǷԱ϶꣬վŪװãװ÷ǳҪǳ򵥣ֻҪһöûȥԱ̷װá
˵ǣöڶǳȫ˳ȥ
һµϵЩ߾գˣô⡰񡱻ˡ
ֻǳڶѣҪǷźܴҶ࿴һ۵ģһǮĻڶȲˣûлҩûмģǳٶȿ죬Ż棬ַƿ֮·Ǵ񷢳Ľһ㡣
Щһֱŵĸ߾ʿҲǴľȫûӦ֮ߣڲ֪ʲô
ǺܿˣֻǳڿҪڵʱͻȻڿȼһһ

𾪽
ͬʱķԱҲ׷׶ԾͶڡһʮԱʮöк˵öڣټƽǣǶһͶ䣬ֻϿһƬ꣬ǳ׳ۡ
Щ˵ϣԼҲϨûʲôãһЩé棬ģΪʯͣպܾõģճգҪǣվסķݣ붼éݣһӾ͵ȼʮධݡ
ֱŨðʱڵ˲ŷӦյģԭЩģŻġ
ʱһƬңͷĴߣʵƲǺܴ󣬵ǶѾŻˣΪֲֻܿġͬʱɳҲԸϵǰĻƣ͸ſ־֮ɫǿſ־壬֯ҾȻȻĿǰƻ󣬵ҪôȥǿһƬջ١
ɽȴһƬĵĴЦ
ɹˣ
ɹˣ
նԶԶƽϿŨ̹Ȼ֪ѾɹˣʱĴЦ
ķԱҲǼ֣ǵҫ
ĻԴǰȥ
Ԫջζӣѵ˵
շŰ۵ԪͱϹˡ
ԪһǶУѵôЩ˿ɶѵģûһķмܹʤҵġ
ֱӿԪһǵµȻǽˡ
Ԫһ˹С⻹Σյѽ
иƨΣաԪԴǵСʲôȻΣգɱںдҪȫһЩȥȥȥѾˣԴӣҪңҾȥɽͷɡ
ѽжԱô䣬ס
ԪһҲ֪ԪյԸһԪ۶ʼˣ֪ס˼ԪհɽˮΪһ̰εĳźҡҡͷ
̾˿ʵԪ˵ҲͦԵģȴǱںдҪȫöࡣ
ʱСҰͻȻߵߣС磬Ҳȥԡ
öޣСҰ磬ͱȥ˰ɡ
СҰ磬ľǣô̵ľ룬ܱ߶ǴɽٲҲɽｵ䣬ɽ׽סҵġ
տСҰһ˫۾г˿ֲϲԤ˵ˣǵͷҪСһ㡣
СҰϲֱͷ
Ԫռ˹СҰǾͱСˣȥһԡ
СҰ˷ܵĵͷȥҲԴһЩС
ɹȥԣѾû̫ĿУƽûʲôɫҪ볢ԴӿйֿС
ȵʱ֣ƽϿյŨ̽ȥʱԱѾȫֳݶӣֱԪպСҰԴӡ
ǳ˷ܣһ㶼£÷еˣǲе£͸ӾˮһֻЩˣŻΪ֮еģ̫˧ˣû˭ԿΨһźǣмֻԪաСҰЯΪ˳ڣĶС
ȮһδλӶžv죬һӶӷԱɽ£ĹģǴĶ࣬ࡣ


1697 
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󽫾ڻƶѾˣ
ֻһУɳŻ㱨ڵģΨһɾľ˫۾ɼǶôǱ
Ųٽһƣʿǳ䡣
ɳԵͷտɶаٺã
ΪջٷݲǺܶ࣬ҪõİҲǺܶ࣬඼ѾúˡڰնǳֻţЩնϣܹƽǡ
һͻȻ󽫾صÿоͶµĻ򲻶࣬ҪٶһЩĻܻὫƽǵȼʱǶû
ɳűһֱʪģ֪֮ܲôǿʲôӦ֮ߣ
һ˵ǿԼӹ̷ݣֹ˵Ļ򡣡
䣬˷ô෿ݣûʱȥӹ̡
һ˵Ѿ붬ٹЩӣǲµоĻ𹥡
ǵоȵʱȥô
Ҳ˵ǵоаջƽΪֻôɼǵĴҲ㡣
ɳŵͷðһ˿ҡ
ʵĽǶԵģҶģǱӮˣ˵ҩҲûôֻ࣬ǻҩģǹʹõģôѾˣҲֻܶƽһĽҲ˵ϲڶˡ
ǺոľģҪǣǧǲصġ
һֻһСǹ˽󽫾оĴˣұĻҪࡣ
˻һĽ޲ŵɫ԰ףûꡣ
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վڳͷԶһֻһȺ񡱳߷ɹ
⡪ô죿
һСĽŵ˫ҵĲֲ̫ˡ
̫
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һȺּææ˹׼Щġ񡱡
Щ񡱷ɽʱɳź䣡
ಣ
ʸգܿˣⶫ䣬мӳɵģϿ䣬Ƿǳ̵ģҶ߱ɱͷϾⲻǳô

ԪտЩʸ£ĵĹЦͻȻһתЦ䣬Ҳ䡣
˵ţɿȥ¿ӣͳﲻϵķЦ
ǵͷطеʱʹԿˮĿУջסˣڵ˵ĵ̣˼󣬷Ҳûʶ
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ֻóͷһϲĺ
ˣˣ
˶еʪ󣬲ǳҪĻӶٻ򣬶Ҫ¡
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ˮôеɧζ
ⲻ꣬򡪡
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ͷϵĽ۴УһԵʿˣһı顣ûа취ԪգԪտɲְҵֵģʲôĵ¶ɵóһֱΪ֡
ʱֻųк
ˣˡ
оŻˡ
ҿѽ

ľ飬һЩˣҹģһȺҪĶ࣬ʱŵĴߣ¶ҴҳһƬΪЩǴģ˶Կʴÿ˶÷ǳֻţ˵ЩգڵʿԼŻˣĴﻹȥںյ
ಡ
ԪһͶڣһ߻
СҰķмѾǵ¯ĵز츳ģƽôŬҲ޷ԽǣֻͶʮöڣǾöé棬ǲһЩˣֻҪڷܼͶȥǳɹǻѡһʱѵĵص㡣
ڵİһֿʼŵ˫סѾԼ𺣵Уг˿־;
һءǡǷǳʧֻͶʮöڣųڵ·ֽ˴ѩһЩ״ĶƮǵء
ɳڵİȫЩôĶԴǣһЩǷ׷׶

ֻһӶĿһ顰Լԣŵöڵϣ˫ۣ
ɹðΣеöѾòͣһΣһֲûʲôŵԼϣȷԼĵȷȷȻƫͷһǡԭֻһŲŹһֻдһЩ֣Ȼ߾ĶҲú֣ʶǵ͵ÿ
ʱһӰӹŵһһǲץֻ滭ŷǳ򵥵ͼһܹе⣬ǳڴȻֲڣųһ亹
ȻһصĹģԶԶڵһأɵ˺ȴԶ磬ƺܿͱˣ˰ӡŰײšȺԶȥӰ
ֱȫȥ֮ɳŲУӭʵΣ
صоֻͶʮ򣬻ƲѾˡ
ɳôһ
ô
󽫾㿴Ƿŵоµġ
鲼ݸɳš
ɳſЩֽһǶģǿö֣ŵɫ԰ףƺǻĿ־廹Ҫ
д÷ǳһοϮֻǾ棬к֮£ƾ˼޹֮ͶĻͽջƽǡֱ֤ԸͶƾԿݶԴǣɱ޹ġ֣ͼǳ
ʵǴӺ棬ȴġ
죬ȥоµЩȫɳų󺰵
ȻʶʵͣϾ׶вĻ˵ģܿͻᴫǽ֪
Ŀɳţ󽫾⡪
Сǵôȥѽ
ɳ˫Ŀһ
һ˵󽫾Ǹô죿
ɳŽЩײ޲ýײ飬ҧгݵƹƲ

ƾӪ
ܹܣ󲿷ֵķԱѾڰȫڽʱܵһЩˣжʮδнڰȫ򣬲ԪСҰӦǱȽڸɽϡ
նȥԮ

ճնЦܹܣҵѾˣһӲ̣ɾ͵ÿܹԼλˡ
նЦΪҵô࣬ϷⶼƽǣϷҲûؼȥˡ

ӢʹҲгĹЦ

Ѽ̽
ܹܣѾ䣬ȻҾ׼֣ĺ䣬ʿս½һ㣬Ҫˣٽ
ԳƵ˵
ǵȻչζһȺӣ̶Ҫƾļ͹Ԩĸǿĵ붬֮ǸͣΪ߾¶֪ǲˣǵȵѩ£Ҳû
ǵȵˡȴ˿
һɽĿ
ǺЦˣ߾һѩԭӵܣϷҪ֮֮һѩ߾
ѦʹæʵܹĪƵ֮ߣ
Цѵǻһ·δô
Ѧʹ΢΢һ㶣ͻȻ˫ĿһǸƃͰʷǽ
һ·һֱڷǱHսô
HǸ߾ѣҴ޳ԹǰЩһϷǱЦһʱԨ׼Ĺˡ


1698 Ī
ણ
վ趼ɽһ֧ǿ䡣

һӭ
ܹܣǰѾ
Ϊһλһ˹Цƥûƭǰ
ҲǷǳ߾ʱˡ
˶ƃ밢ʷ䡣
ʵɶƾܹܣδ֮ǰƃɶܹܣֻһ·ҪĶǸ߾һԼ߾һǳҪѣǰɽH
һ·ҲУΪǿŶӣΪǵʿҪĮפԼ
ǳٳδ֣ѾȴϾԭʿѼ̽ѦʹǶΪƃͰʷһֱڷսҲûйǣԽǳ֮Ϊš
Ϊܹܵûǡ
Ȼոƾṩǿڣȷƾܹ߾ǺձϾǽֻǴһ͵ĽǶȥ˼˵Ǵ˵ĽǶȥ˼ֻҪ߾һͲΪͳ˧ôܸɵţʳȥܸ߾佫磬ȻִԨģǿ϶֣һֱδֳʤ
ԨֹʼʩһǸӵĳףû취ػصƽȥһߴȥʵ̫ˡڽ;УӵذտУ֪һ붬Ѽ̽νڵ֪Ϣ֪ͨƃǲҪڹڱͬʱֽТ̩ʧǽתƣбνʹԨսߣôѼ̽εķض顣
ƃǴӰɽHֱӿԵִѼ̽Ρ
߾εķؾݵ㣬Ҫ趼ɽΪ趼ɽǵķҲҪڶϱߣƃȴģĴС·ܿ趼ɽǵķߣѼ̽һȽϿɽһխĵطɣߣԨôҲû뵽ƾ߶ɽǱƾĴֻûУֻŶɺܴ鷳ȴû뵽ⶬҲҪ
ʱĽѾһ澵ӣƃʷǣʵĲЬĵĶɹѼ̽
һǿǷǳֲġ
˳ĶɹѼ̽ƃͰʷû˿ֱͣӾͳƽķȥ
ûзսһֱΣһؾͻȻһ֧ǿƾǰûп򣬾ѾŵǻɢﻹӦսĴɢƃսݣ߾εķƃǰԵͬ衣
ϢܿʹԨԨһ¿ûˣƃڼȿֱӹƽҲֱػصĺ󷽣лǸϽԨнͳ˧Ѽ̽εбһȥֵƃǡ
ƃһֱУͺԸ߾࣬ҲϰڶսԨнȻռţƣ֮ʦƃȫսܲУҪսƃʷŸռơ
˫Ѽ̽εضΣսգƃԨнա
ۿƾѾƲɵĹΪԨĸ׼ˣɾؼʱ򣬳͢ͻȻһگѦʹٸ¹Ȼսֵެƃʷȥս
һǵͷƹѽ
⻹ֲΣĿǰɶģΪͳ˧ɵˣȫĳЩӲϵʩѹϽɶ߾˵˼ҵĵ̣ԼңԼҶŻˣǻ˼ҵĵ̡
һֱڳţϢˣ¶ҡģϣܹڶ֮ǰ߾Ĳƫƫڶ߾ͷǳˡ
ε֪ƾѼ̽ٳδͻƣҶѾΪ߾ĺսģȻͻ
Ŀһگһֱ˰ʱһ˫ĿʪˣͻȻ쳤һ̾Ըʿ׼ˡ
˻һѦʹǶѾˣǿ׼߾һôͻȻǲүΪ̫˷˵ˡ
ܹܣ⡪Ϊʲô
٩ǲ⡣
ͽǵگǿ
һڽʿգһƬž
ɽοǻ
˵⽫ܣǣôĴ󽫾ûк³ģк³ĻǴλɹˡ߾Ѿҡҡ׹һžܹߵӮˣҲкӹģ㲻ʵ۵ԽʵԽ㡣
ңҲԵ޹ʾ˱ʵǹڵѾǷǳˣûа취ŽǸȥģֲǱߵһެ볤һѪ޹ѽ
ڣ˭Ҳ˵ǱܻʵۣȽ߾ˡĻҪΥǷǳΣյģҪȥҽҲӦĻοǻۼĽѽȳ޼ɶҪֲһЩ
ܻգƾþģǵϣǰתתǰ׼
ͬʱƃҲӵεگƃʷǽһѽԼ߲Ÿոտʼͽˡ
ƾĹ˲ֹͣ
߾棬ԭѾˣ֪ô죬ͻȻƾûǰˡ
ҲҲ
ԨҲոմݵ̽ӵõެԴƷȫսϢ̾ΪʲôƾͣͲǰǽһġ
ףƾڳˣǿһᣬҾӦóûɲˣ·ڴˣެǱشƣҲɳûԭԨĵӴԲѵ˵
Ԩĵͷ׼´ϱƾʱ
һУ˲ʲôǣֱӴ󺰵Ī֧룬ƽʧˡĪ֧Ǹ߾ĹʵרΪԨõġ
˶Ǵľ
㡪˵ʲô
Ԩվߵǽǰ˫ʵ
ƽʧˡ
ƨ
Ԩһ־ס˵죬оôˣƽôܻʧأ
Ǹ߲ӼҹĶգӪ½򿪳ƾͶġǽһ߿ޣһ˵
ԭƾķвС֮Ϣܿʹ˳ڣȻ󲿷ְղ֣Ҳֵġ
ǴƣǸ߾ĳƭԨǾ¶ãڼɱ˺ܶĳĳǵȻҲǺԨģʴ˳еˣײݸ߰գͼӴסͶͻƽڶʱĻ̻̣ԭ־ɳǵİҲʧȥ˶־֮ǰֿҪΪƾڸ߾ɱ¾̫࣬ƾŵɱ޹ģЩ˵ĺ£ڰҲƾƾҪɱĻֱһѻǸӸɴ࣬αػ档
вӲŸողų֣ƾԼ̫һ֧زӣο߾İգ˭Ҳ֪вӾܹͶ¶ٻǿȻƾͶ¼öô϶ҲܹͶǧöڼöһβоͶӼΡ
ɳǵȻͶģޱȵԨģԨĵĸ󽫣һ֪ԼҲֻһ·ˣǾǳƾһսӮ˵ûǾͿֹƾͶ
Ҫ֪ƾԮʱɶûи޶ͶƵڶճڵİվͻᱩΪҲ֪ûȥˣ͵סϵĴ˼ʱضԹɳžڵհʱ֣ŸննǱ𶪻ˣ̸̸Ͷˡɾڵϣ͵͵ǣ׼͵Ϯƾˮһս
նǶѾϵԷУã͵ţУǣƵʼھǵĴСɳųûжã⵽ƾķһûȫûɳҲƴı£ӻصڡ
һƾ˳ƽƽȫΧȻƾ࣬ΪƽؾѾ߰˰ˡ


1699 ߰
ƾΧסƽ֮󣬺ɳһЩвͶһЩСڣʹɳ˲ã˵ҪͶǱȴû͵ϮҾ޳¼ҿҾ䣬ĻǿɾϵˡôǲǲˣͶʮöڣȫͶھӪûͷˡ
Ǹ߳ڰգ޹ģһжɳŪģҲҪ֪Ȥһ㣬ƵҷǾ͵ñɿˡ
ɳҲûа취ˣı룬ȥٰæسǣֻܸմսȥĶգҪƾսףǲūƾƴˡ
Ǵʱ˿̣ĹĶԵ÷ǳ԰ҲɵҪƴǵȻƴǣûƾƴǴǼ˶Ҫȫ⡣
Ҫǣڻһλǿĸ߲
߲Ǹ߾ĹʵԨĵĿܣ߾ƣ޵սȫԨķģûаëǮĹϵѱ춼СԨġ
߲Ԩĵͳ£ܹ񣬿ɼҲɵսģôʲôûҾһܣƾʲôһңƳƳǻصĹأ͸ͻһŪһ߲÷ǳףͶĻ˵ܹĵϸ߾ĹٲҲѽ
Ȼʱ˿̣ڵľѾǷǳˣ޷ٿȫǣ߲볯ЩĳһļϣǲҪΪԨģǿҪסѽܹĶ췴ǲŷΪԨᣬǻͶɣƾӻҲһصסˣ˵ϳǽשʶûУ̫˵ˡ
Ǿڵҹ߲һĳͳ˧һȺգӪɳŸץȻڶվʹ򿪳ţʽƳͶ
ƾǲѴ֮͹˸߾׶ƽǡ
һ¾ƾͱ÷ǳ΢ˡ
һƾ׼ˣһ棬߾׶ƾƣ߲߾ƳͶˡ
Ҳ֪նƽնҲ֪Ѿʼˡ
Ԩ뵽һ㣬ϽϢֻҪƾȥôƽǿԶģϾնûжٱ˲׷ƾǸϽߵˡƾҲһƭ֮ˣͿ˭ĻԸ

»СҲֻڱͱӣ̫ʥλʱӦެ
ƃ޵ҧгݣ콫»ʮ˴˸顣ۿʤȻެˣֻܳ˭ҲΥ
ʷ̾˿ҿެֻ¸߾ġҾ߾»һʼʩģںͱӵģһ̸߾ѾԪˣǽެǣػȥһҪ£ެĻ
ƃԵͷǰ˺
ܹܣǰ淢һ֧о߶
ƃ̷ԸʿӦе׼Ϊǳģûܱߵĵˣܱ߶ɢĵоҲ£ӿţҪߣ˭סѽ
ƾ׼ʱܹ̽ܣо˵Ͷġ
Ͷ
ƃһ±ƣʵΪʲôҪͶ
Ƕ׼оȴͶ̫ˡ
˵ǽӵƽ򸽽ҾͶ
ʷ侪ȵѵܹѾƽأ
ƃⲻѽܹܸողŴŸǣѾʼˡ⾿ô£
ʷһɣ˵ţ̽ӵожˣ
ǧˣܱҲδз
ˡ
ʷ΢΢üֵȥоĽҽй

һһŸ߾Сƨƨߵ˹ԱţԭǾεľӣǰ濴ƃˣֱܵϱߵһɽկȥˡ
ʷʵΪҪͶ
Сˣһ£ŵǵĹ򸽽ƾͶǶѾƽô
ƃʵ֪·ƾƽ
ңСоԼܴطˣڲƾѽһӣҪƾĻҲǱˡ
Ǻͳ߲گƃ
ն
ƃһ
ԭפƽ֮󣬾ø߲дŸԨ֮ؾԸȥ򸽽ƾͶ
ֻ߲һܶѣû˻ġҲûдЩؾԹͶϣ˴˵ʿҵоľģǵƽѾǹˣǹѾͶ˳㽫Ϣ԰ȥΪѾǵϢʱȥ
ȴ֪ƃѾӱһεؾЩؾԭͱǵսľоѾɹѼ̽ûˣҲ֪ƾڳ˵УһƽǶˣҾ䲼飬Ͷ⻹򣬸ϽͶͶ˵Żݡ
ңΪǰ浱ӱҪԨץ˵ᱻá
˸߾ʿͶһĻ
ʵ̫ЦҶ֪ǸʲôҶǴڣ֮߰ġ
ô죿
ƃʷͬ
ֶ֮סˡ
Ǻո߸߲ôд϶ģΪջ㽫Ϣ԰ȥģʴⲻм١ô˼ҶѾͶˣҲܲǣҪǵĻ⻹ôѽ
ʷҪȳ￴ǡ
ƃﲻ֪ڴʲô⣬ߵΪʲô
ʷҪңǱҲ㲿ˣȻȥұҲǵͳġ
ƃúƣĬΣͷðɣðɣŶܹ֪ܲ£ǻøϽ˸֪ܹܡ
Ҳԡ
ƃǧ˼سʷĻȻῴЩˣֻǧʿЩͶн죬ԼǰƽֿɵõĹͣɲٷˡ

ʱѾʼڳˣ˵ҲѾ뿪˴гǾڣȻ㳷ˣǾ͸ɴһ㣬ȥͷûй˵û뵽ʱͻȻӵƃϢնѾƽǣĵоѾͶʷѾȥӦ
ŴϢҲ֪ϲǣû뵽նǵȻô̵ʱգ͹ƽǡ
Ҳˡ
Ǻð
ܹܣԨԼ߾ɻûͶҾߵĻսǾΣˡѦʹ͸٩ǰڻҾˣǻǿٴȥġ
ҲܹܣûǰǴˣжٽʿΪ֮ѽңղ߾ٴ߾ެ͵ģβվһݣʱǾרĶԸެ
ö˵úеǲȫߵĻնͳΪ¾룬ɲƲºѽͷλ˵üǣɣλһ־ٸϻسϷһʿȥѦʹǻϣϷԨٸϻȥ
÷ǳƣҲ̫ƻˣȻȥȥԨĵġ
߾ѾΪ´һ̣ǴܹܣǸܹܣֻġ
챾һҹ̸ϻѼ̽
һѼ̽̽Ϣ֪Ѧʹ͸٩Ƕ˱ȷ棬ɺһʿѼ̽ڻˣ쿴Ž棬ʾмǡһˮѽ
һϢֻ䣬ʵ̫̼ˣƾҲʿ񣬶̶Զ԰͹
գǾʹȥˡ
̴˶ˣ춼򲻹ȥ򲿶ӣվͻˡ
ʲô


1700 ϷԵľս
ʵǴȫ֪롣
ץһ²ѯʣԭԨ֮ҲĻسҪǱĳǳҲˣƽĴӪѽС檡ؿɶƽټҲ֪߲ڵҴһɳŵ˧ӡܱ߳ǳضϽͶȥҪٵֿĻƾʱǵأͱԹǡ
վǳҵģͶͶν㿴گͿԣԼŰɡ
ԨҪҪôȥܱؾͶǵʱͺˣ߲ƾһگλʵˡΪⲻȥľôʱѾͶʿǿ϶ΪҶ֪ƢѾͶˣҪѱ϶Ҳûġ
Ԩһˣ̻Ԯƽ
Ѧʹ󡢸٩ǵ֪Ϣֻ˿ŷ²̶׷˹ȥ
׷գˮֻˮһƬսɱذѪɺӣˮѾҪȾɺɫ
ԭնƽ֮󣬼׼ȥлû뵽ѾˣɸմˮԨĵطԨһƾˣĲףƾľƣǿжɺӣնҲǸո׼ɺӣʱҲûֹԨĶɺӡ
·ʤնҲû¹Ԩģսնǿ̵ΣԨľս
ˣҲǾ񣬴÷ǳʡ
֪ûнսãʷһϵ̼սС
ԨҲΣңʾӦСΪΪԼǱˮһսҲ벻Լʲô·Ϊܶܶأûκһƣ˲䷢̫̫ı仯ҶǳңǶ֪һսʤߣӮңͳ˧Ҳȫ˭йָ㽭ɽ
ǳЦôģսۣŪ󣬾ȻҪһ˭ҲûԤϵսʤܣʲôսսԣͳͳǹƨҪȥˣջÿⲫʤ
ս˲Ϣ䣬޷Ԥġ
ȻԨҲΪ϶һ֧ƾ
ոոϵ߾Ż󿪣ȫûзأԨõɱ
ϲĳ㲡ҪȫӺɱȥ
߾ʿԭڰʷ֮󣬾ѾЩϣܹսʤ˵ģϾռţһǱսƾɱʱ˶Ѿˣ߾ʿɢ˶ɢˣǰĻ򰡡
ƾʿһľ죬˸ߺܹˣ
һʱ䣬ʿ
Ҫң
Ԩϣ˾йƤѾûˡ
ǿڻĪ֧볷ˣҵš
򴺴
ԨʱӦףߡ
ҲԨķӦôԨƨϡ
ԨĵԨвҲϹԨġ
ǹ
һ𣬶ʱѦʹע⣬һΪɶ񣬶ƾǳ˼ۺѽųǹ򴺡
ĪҪԨġ
ں󷽵նһԨ׼ܣæ
һǳӲ˵ģ
δ䣬ͼһӰӹ
Ƕ¡
ĵܣ㱣ߡ
Ԩһɱӭϡ
£׷Сӽҡ
Ԫһһȳ彫ȥǿɽȥԨǹȥԪһһ죬ĽԨֱˤȥԪһһ㶣ô˲һ£ȵҰ׷ȥ
ɶпɾʣԨġ
ԨĶ·ӣҲһսβ
ԨеһսмҲ棬߾
ƾһ֮㹥ƽï岻ѽ
Ȼ𾴵ĳնȭ
ΪնΪ֡ɼǷԷθ֮ԣķǳмնҪնƽһֵùһ񣬲ܲô仯
նϻ̳Ͽ֣ȭңңҵ
նҪҪ꣬ݡλȴǲͬնΪնʮ궼û٣ֱμλſʼ;Ƿǳı
߾ʹΰѽǳն֣ᶼҪˣԭѾˣһս߾ʵ̫̼ˡ
նæܹ֪ҾܹƽǣȫƾƳǣĻĳҲԹƽǡ
Ŷһ⾿ô£
ʷҲ˹ⲻܰɣǲǺСҪռͣСӵ֪ͣģаóѽ
ġ
նЦŵͷ㽫յĹս򵥵ĸͰʷ䡣
գôҲû뵽ȻƾжԱ˳š
Ҳû˵ɣаѽ
ʷ˵
˵Ц
ˣأ
ͻȻҿ˿
նƽǡ
ôôܻôΣյĵطǿڱţʱ׼ܵġ
Եͷ
նֵܹܿȥƽͽ¹ٰɡ
һĨ֮ɫֵˣһøϻس
ն£Ϊެ
Ѿ֪أ
նͷ
̾ʵǰЩӱѾگٳǱѾڻȥ·ϣǹƽϢָ˹
նһ亹Ҫʷûʤܻδ֪ѽǱߵΣ
ҡͷҲǴӱµگӦǷǳ
նŴϢʤϲãʱ嵭ࡣ
ʱѦʹͻȻѺһ˹ܹܣδ
򴺡
бĿһƳ򴺺һͷƫһȥ
Цһ۵Ѻȥ²һͬ谲ʹϷûпմС¡
ԣ˫Ŀŭ
̫뿴һףֻһ֡
Ѧʹ̾򴺱ȥˡ
ʷֻ̾ϧû׽סԨġ
նǰ¾Ѿ׷ȥˣҲ˹ȥ֧Ԯ
׷ĺǣҲһҪ˸סĻ
նȭ¹ס
˿ͻȻҿ˿⸽ɽͷܹƽǣ
նһ㶣漴һָǱߵɽͷӦÿƽǡ
ĿȥֻɽǷǳңԶɰΣ̾˰ɡ
гһܹ߾ҵһƽ߾ѾȴһƽǵģеĻЩһ
ź
δڴͣ̾ȥˣΪҲǹߵս¡


1701 Ǳ
Ե孴󶨣Ψһ硣
ΪɶǾйУϱʱڣ߾ԭңûţʴǷǵûɡ
㲻ˣƳĴսԣ߾ҲһҪģԭ峯кܴĲͬΪѾͻʱ򵽰ȥˣⶫǺϱ߲󣬾˼ôֻţҪǱţͱҪ¸߾
Ҫ߾Ļȵ߾ͳһ뵺ǻ治Сң߾ϵHǺˣĹҲǱȽϱģһǿƷͥġ
˵ףʵǴսԵ
⿪ףҪãĲ׵¡
ڣǺȥЧģһͻһɽĸоӹ񣬴۹ױģһ۹ƳҲˣѾҳһš
ʴκ¶УͼԽԽá
Щ˾Ṇ̀ӮһսȻԼʷţսǿɲȥܣɾȫںͷϡ
˵úһľǰʹһģǾְҵƨɡ

սֻǽβ׶ΣδȫԨĻδס⣬ǳزδռ죬նϣܹ֮ǰЩǳضռˡ
ǶںնԣĹŸոտʼǿɲֱӹƽǵģǶԷͶȻԱǶڽӹһǳ鷳£Ϊֶ̫ܶΣ»öԽø̸߲УļƻʵУгôգƾҪˣЩǰǷǳ޴ƵģһʧأǾǷǳΣյġ
չ߲Щĳ̸˺üչ˽ƽǵľֱգƽһׯ԰Ԩĵĸۡô٣ͷһسҡ
Ǯ˰
վһСǰ鲻Խ˵Ƶһ̸е˾ȣʵǲѽͣ³һȻ˽ȥ
ֻСǱж죬󵽶޷󣬵ǽ䡣ֻһѶѽ𶧡е룬һ鱦ѵĶѾϲˣϡ䱦ľϣĿţӦӲϾ
ԨĵС⡣
ʱ˿̣Ϊǧģóѹȥ¸޼ɣҲͼ鱦ѣɷɽһǶ㲻ϣȴӵŵΪǿ͸ԣĵ۹ĲƸȴԶ߾ࡣ
ʵҰڡ
ݴƵƶȣÿٺ»޵ģҵĲڹ⣬ҪùǮ⻹þ󳼵׼ȥҼ棬˽˶ǮʵձζҪǮһЩȻкܶܶأҲܶܶˣ󹬵ĿҲֻǸһ֡ԨľȻôƸЩéݣٿоԼͬһڡ
ȻںջǷǳģǮҪڰ㻹˼ȥҪĻǮȻС
ǸϽǼǺãǰ߽սЩһҪߣɲԨġ
վվǰ΢˿㳯ߵӻ֣Ȼת˳ȥ
һԵеǳ죬Ⳮ֮£ǹԱϲģԹˣҪ̰Ļ׾٣ɺһ۶Ը࿴鱦ǲѽ
̰ۣûмģʲôֶȥֻ̰Ҫ̰ǮǶǴģΪκһֻҪλϣܹĴˣû£ͺո˶ԣŪһߣĲƸͿ࣬ЩĿۡ
СݣǰԺֻټԺڣվˣһɫŮˣģ£зģҲݵģԲģҲǸġ
ʹԨӵ̡
һ
յһжˣ
ʮˡ
Ԩмӣʵ
ĸжʮ߸ӵ̲С
մ㶰Σȼȴ֮ǡ
С
һֻ̾صãǻƤϣݻװ꣬ǺȾƵıӶǽãֻǴĿģΪʲôôΪȨ߱ɱӣײϡ
һԵСҰ磬ҿ˺ͦ˷ܵģΪʲôȴЩġ
տЦҲΪԼҲܻͦ˷ܵģϾͷسңҾһжǳ࣬˾öġ
𣿡
СҰҿ˿ͦɾѽҲǺࡣ
һֻۣЦЦ
ǮⶫԭҲĿһУǵˣëȻΪÿһܰһĸеģӽݵڣһˮûкȹ߰ɣط治˴ġ
ոǰԺͼһӭʹ졣
飬ݣݡ
ʹ켤˵ҾˮһΧԨĵѾȡʤ
վϲ˻棿
ʹͳһźܹܸոġ
ռæӹһЦãããһĵĸɻˡ
ʹЦԭһֱڵս
յ㲻ô
ʹҵǲôģƽѾƣ߾ֻǳ⡣Ҫ֪ԭڳˣܾͲôˡ
ΪˮһսǷǳϷԵģɷֱȽϴ
ʷո˵ҿɾͲˡЦŰڰֵ֣ȻѶǵÿһνƽǵս䱸ָ
ʹͷʵҲΪ¶ʵ֪ô
΢һҪռ߾һ㣬ҪԼǲǿڴǵģǲŻ˳Ҵơ
ʹͷ֮˸
յôȾͱ뽫ԨĴһɣ¶УⳡսһζԨϣ²ԼԴޣһЩʴŪһƽ˶
ƽ˶
֪Ԩĵͳ£ʿܵƻЩѾЩΪūЩҪЩ˶ƽ뿴ЩǳˣǸм˭޵˭ǿɶǸ߾ˣǰƽС޹ģôǾ壬ǵǣȻҲġ
ʹһЦ˼
ûںͷǫ
Ԩĵĸ֮ۡ󣬺ȥһլլʵԪҵģԪҵȻҲƽ
ÿؿСӣһֲԤУˣҲңô
Ԫϣźգһˬ˵
ЦԪѽ»ذɣҶѾˡ
Ԫ̾˿ֵ˵ɣʲôҪҡ
һС¡
˵Сʲô£ңǿ϶ͲʲôС¡
ǵҲǣԪҲ
Ⱥ˵꣬ԪձƨҿɲһףԽģԽţ˵¡
Цһɫ֪ԪôзŹ𡣡
Ԫպߵ˷طİգ֮£ôˣȴ˸֮ɫ
ЦԪ벻ָо
ԪԾȵĿźգ㾿ʲô
յϣԪܹңϳǵָˡ
Ԫ͵һ𾪵Ŀźա


1702 
һƬСǰʮˣͷɢڣͷ
ףȿˮɡ
ֻһ˶һݵһǰ
ǰûһԨģӣԨв
ԨĽӹԼĶӣֿʮʿʵͻƳģǧˣ;Ϊڻƾˣв˾Լˣģļҽ
һҹ֮䣬׹˵
յķ⣬ۿʪ󣬵ͷÿһӰŵһӵһߣɪɪ
ףףôأ
Ԩвһе
ԨĴ㶵ԨвðΣͻȻʧȥһеһУ˵ܹô
ԨвδģһʱŻˣ֪룬һŵףٹȥԶӣǿԴȥȻٻѩޡ
ԨһҲĨȥϵˮͷ˵òǿԴǻٻġ
ʱԶ
ãĪ֧룬о׷ˡ

Ԩвæ
ԨһĨ漴̵Ѿˣ᲻׼䣬Ͷ
סԨв𾪵ĿԨģԼĸ׾ȻѡͶ
ԨĵֻлţҲлḴ𡣡
Ƭֻ̣һ֧˵һλС£ǸΧס
Ƕ¡
׷ĶôܻԨģһ׷˺ЩգһЩƾʿѾ׷ˣǾȣһ˧һͿ
Ԩ۶£̾ܿܣķڷͶ
һӵĿԨģΪԨǵۣǵˣҲһ棬Ǽ治˸еʧԭԨĲһֻСųɥ֮ȮˣʲôۣӦùܰɡ

ƾʿЦ
ԨвŭС㵨Ҹףƴˡ
һĨϲɫ
ԨĴʧɫæĪҪ
ԨвѾʿȥ
ϧֻǿ֮ĩǶµĶ֣̼䣬Ԩʮʿ͵Ѫ档
ΨԨĻһҲҶг˿־塣
治ѽһĨâǰóǹָԨģ
ԨĿŶ£ͻȻĵͶҪɱңҪɱңҪ
δ˵꣬±һǹ̴塣
Ԩ̧ͷ˫ĿԹ޵ĿŶ¡
һЦѾȫսţ˱֮⣬ʲôͼģᡣ
׷ôãҪɱԨĵģΪĻᣬѺؾҲûɱ»һӣǾƲģһѺصƽɾ


ƽǡ
ţ
ǡ
աʹ죬ԼһЩ߾ĳƽ
棬ӳǸ̾ߣǽϲѪԽһĻĻ˴Ŀģȥ棬ֻηĹģҪڴηĹģǰŵһɶζ˷׷üס졣
ֻʮ˼һη棬˻ʹţһЩڵһ
Ǿ¶Ϊֲһ㣬һͳߣֻ÷ǳǿӲֶȥԸˣľеĴ󵶣ҪεĻͲҪ¶ãΪƣΪ꣬¶ߣֻʹһ˵ͳ£ηһģܱһڡ
ճһ߾Աͷɡ

Ǹ߾Աæóһģ
ҪΪЩƽǣǶ׵ģݣǶѾˡ
ŵЩˣȻУǶţĿԱ
ֱյ˽ŴǲȷԼûֻǻӵޣЦл㱣˼̬С
û뵽ԼؼյһգҲ֪淢ʲôҸ̫죬һʱ޷ȫ̽ܡ
ΪЩŵƽҲΪЩѾԨȺƽ
ͬʱԨĵѶҲƽ
̸֪ȫǰգԨĵѶֽԨģԼĶӣȵһĸȫ
ÿһǴĿġ
ҺտûͼӴף֤һ֤ηЩˣм仹ˣܾԨĵȺǵŮǸɶˣǶԨǿ̹ǵĳޣҪȥƣǾĽһУ֪ͨͨգĴݽԨĵС
Ԩǰ϶ģԼ߾ĴӢۣŵסƾ㣬ٰջˣһкܶǷǳӵԨĵġôһ֣ԨڲٰеĹΰȻ
ټԨѾˣҲҪٵıǰŭԵİգ̽ԨĵĳޣȫͷųȫǶŶԨĵ


ĸʱ֡
ˣ
ˣ
յķͻȻһ󼱴ٵ
顣顣
ʷô
ҡ
ʲôأ
ˣϳַŻ𡣡
ʲô
ֻһ

ֻϳǵěֽϣȼһ𣬻죬ȫǶյͨ
һȺΧܱߣģˮͰƴľȻ𣬻ò˿޺ţʳǵʳ
ãá
ֻһ˻𼱻ǵĳȺУǺաʹȴƹԱվǹһ£滹˯ģҲǴһ˫ЬһǸո𴲡
ǻɵվŸʲôȥȻ
շĳߵĻ

ߵĻææǰȥȻ
ʳǵʳѽ
һ
ֻǸ߲һɴ󳼿˹һǳ𣬶ʱ˹ȥ
ߵĳӸϽһȥţ촫
Ҳȥ˿߲޴󰭣˿漴ŭ棬տֵǺˣ
ǡǱְ
һСŵù˹
յ⾿ô£úõΪʲô𣿡
ְҲűְڸѲ֮ʱмӰϱߵĴְȥ׷ģзлðְ֮󣬷Ѿ
ŭ˫۵ͳͳǷǿ֣ŻǶ֪
ְԩְһ⸽Ѳߣ˿ĵֵſҲ˿أǶδ͵͵ְ֣Ҳ֪ЩǴֵġ
㻹ҽƱ硣
һֵ˰ȥնˡ

Сٶʱŵùڵϡ

ʹͻȻվ飬¹֮Σֵܱһֱǽ䱸ɭϣ˲֪½֣Ǵ֮ɡ
պݺݵһǽ٣Ƚ˸Ѻȥ

ʿǰСٸ¡
ʱֻһ˵Сġ
ֻһǿ˶ʱˤڵأͷһüһվλ˸š
˵ʱ٣ʱ죬ּһ˵ϣǳʱַȥ
ȺյԪա

Ⱥ˸ߺ
磡
СҰֳֶϵںǰ
̿ͣд̿ͣ챣ʹ
ʱ䣬涼ҳһš


1703 Ҳ㣬Ҳ
ʱ֡
ϣա쵰ǳĵġ
ڣסű⣬ŭһԵԪգҧгݵΪҲ֪֣ŽƵڵôŪˣ˵õݼء
Բ𣬶Բǡһʱûס˲С˹Ĺһذɡ
Ԫֵ
㶣һʲôʱô˵ˡ
ԪһۣЦЦʶԽãŷԽ£ԶеĻҪɣܲ㱨ôȫ˵Ŀһѻ͸յøɸɾŻݵô棬㿴ĽţøʲôƵã˵Ь㲻ЬҲţ֪ᱻȥԪǱȽϻ쵰ǱǾԼ
⻰˵Ҳǰ٣ȻЩʱȽϻˣҲ˴ţҲϲ˶ѣոɵ£ǾƸɲģҲû
յͷ˿ԼĽţȷʵôһ㣬Ҳûа취ʱΪ˱Լľţܴȥ͵ʱ龰ԣôЬô˯£ô䣬ֻжഩ˫ӣţܲ˵䣬Ҫȥˣǿɾˡ
ԪպߵҲ֪ѽ
ûгһգҪɱڣҲԲĵ
ԪɫһæɲܹӲѽ
͵أ˵ΪǿЦġߵͽ⻰ڶ档
˵Ͳ˵ԪպһֺôôƶЩԨĵһʱɱ㡣
Цƽʱϰٰʮˣҳţл֡ʱҳһƬ˵ֶ࣬ǺױУҵʱֹ⽫ԼȥȻǶԿһǧѷĺûᣬټǵԨı¸ɱˣһ̶Ҳ̼ǣʱʱ
ϧǲ֪ʵ֪ǵĴڣҵˡԪЦһпҲѹ治㡣
ΪʱǲɱǵģǸ߲ΪǴ򿪳ŵģֻ߲ץɳţ˾ӪƽԨĵĴӪǾӪˣЩûΪԨᣬ֮ʱͲµˣֻ⼸æſסûȥ֮ˡ
ʱſŵСҰͻȻ磬ˡ
̿˿Ԫգעһ㡣
һһ˽ձȭ飬д̿ѾƷʮ˵Уʮ˱ܻ񣬸ݸ߾Ǳߵ˵Щ˶ԨĵļҽʷжҲĪĹϵ
յͷɫصһҪ˿ǵ죬ǵͬҾдҴɱ١

ʵƿ𡣡
飬ʷΪƣʳҲչˣҵֹƵӣϨ𡣡
ôʳǡճ̾˿ɫƼˣȻԪգȻЦ⣬Ҳ֪ǶݼĿ϶ǳӻֵ°ɡ

⽫֮ԪЦǺǵˣˣһлһˣ㾿һ񰡣
ƨ¡
պߵ
ʱճ÷ţʹ;ֻնվڽֵϣгžҪ֪＾ɻд֮ãǵʳԨĸȥˣҼһûʲôԭƾųڵֹģʵʳҲǵģȻȫǵʳ߳ϲֻ֣ڻʹı֣˵һѻǵľʳյþ⣬ʴ˱˵꣬Ƕ֪ôܲô

ʹû°ɣ
߲ˣּ첲ϲźıæӭ˹ȥʱ˿̣Ѿ벻ˣ⺫Ψһϣ
л߲ģֻһСˣ¡Ǹ߲廹ðɣչĵ
ҵûʲô¡߲˵̾˿ȻȥʵݶѾչˣǺð
ֻ̾ñֵʳһ
߲¶ɫⱱֵʳóȥˣɶΪֻԨĵĿܣû־˼룬˵Щ˶ҵΪ˸ҲƽҶûܹһվķ⣬ƾʲôƨɣǱǵʳﹻѽ춼
һʱһʱ֮ģ취ɡεҡҡͷֵŶˣ˵ɱҵ˶Ԩĵצߵϳģ⾿ǲģ
̵߲Ʋģû뵽غģֶˡ˵ţƺ⻰вףֲһͼɱʹ
ü֪߲֪ھŶԨĵ
߲㶣Ҳ֪һв١
ԨĵĴӪҲ֪кܶడ
յЩ˶֮ͽ˷ʤ߲һСѽ˵⹬С
߲ͻȻӦɵһͶģЩ˻Źô⹬ҲһֱԨĿţпҲɱѽ⣬ʹ˵Ǻã
ɫص߲ҽǰҲΪ£Щ˾̫Σˡ֪߲ΪҪ֣
߲üҸոҲ⣬ҿڵĿֻţȻûҡ
յͷҲ룬뿴ǽɱˣôҷʱû˳ƽǣսֻ̣ЩǿɲᣬͬʱûʳǺܻܿɹġ
߲ԣͷ϶ʼʹ˵üǣҲǾú¡
յбҪ鷶ΧÿԨйϵˣڶǷյģǰȥ飬ЩΡ
߲æͷʹ˵ǣӦˣӦˡ
յҲ˽ƽ⻹Ҫ߲Լ˵İæ
߲æʹˣЩǹͬĵˣҲǰԼ
յͷ
̶߲֮󣬺ȥϲǱߣѾϨˣ˴죬ʣһƬڣÿϲǽںӵϣܱûʲôҲǾ
飬ˡ
ʹǰЩƣʵˣ
ֻСˣ¡
յ֪еΪʲôЩܹǱ֣
ʹʱδֵĶǵˣҽ䱸ɭϣȥģûйƴĻЩӦһǱڡ
ʹ죬ô뵽ˡʵǽӹʱ˶ȥˣǱڵģ
ʹҲһа˵̾˿ʵ˵ЩҲѾˣƽǵ߳ʳյһɶǰգǺã
˴ΣܹһüֻϧЩ񶼻ڰټãԶˮȲ˽𣬷ĻܺȼİաҷѾ߲ñֵʳһʱٿʣ١
ʹҿ϶ãǱ߻кܶ²ҴҲҪʳģĳǳء
¶ɫǰ֮ǰһֱⰲʹ˾շǵѺԨĽʳóˣˣİվͶָǳԷⱲӻûôҵ¡
ʹֵ⣬ҿºܲ򵥣ΪЩҪյ֣
յģɿֻţȻԸǡ
ʹԭѾ뵽ˡ
յͷҷŻΪȥҸ߲Ӧԡ
ʹʵǲ֪ǿ취
յǲֻܰȥÿԨйϵģҹվٱ˲ЩΡ
ʹƬ̣̾Ҳֻˡ


1704 ˲¹ͷ
ʹµĹûУϲֵ滹һ񣬲ǺܴӦרʲôʳģֻǰֵˣǶԨĵˣƾǷǳֱĽӹ֣ҵʱҪæҶһң˭ȥҰ
Ұ滹ʣʳɴ˿ƶһֱˡ
Щ̿ͣ춼Ӳĺܣ̿ǣǲϹͬһҧûУҲֵĻǷŵġ
ҲɵֿǳڰյĿҪǳϵĻǰնҪ
⻰˭ѽָոǾ˴ɱʹԾԤıǳ񣬶ѾҪˣ˶ΪŪãĿľϣɶҡ
ô£Ϳʼ飬˵ƽ˶ǰ滹ֻǵɳЩˣĻֱ漰ÿһա
Ϊˣճһרŵƽ֡רŵڳڵίһƽֵϴǰòŴгģԭһмԱ⵽ԨĵݺΣд꣬һˣͱţǿŮԨĵצŪҲǷǳңŮ˶Ӳ³ɱˡ
Ԩǿ̹ĵĳޣ˺ίʱˣúվϵۣΪУܹ֮ű𣬵ǵʱΪֻû뵽ʵˣվĿеϵۡ
һӣһƽ˶漰߾еĵղ˵ֻƽڣԨйϵˣýܵ飬ҵܵԨȺˣƽ
ô飿
ԨļеżԼڳеצ
оǾٱ
ʮʱţʱٱٱˣ͡
֪ʲô˻ԨйϵȨɣ̣ԨĴӪƣ˵ûйϵ
ܶ೯дȨͱץЩһץʳȻͱ乫ˣպóȱʳվЩʳȥַգܹһһ졣
ǰ̫֪ģףԭٱ˻ʳǾͶԲˣ˲Ϊһ¹ģˣǾͲԨûйϵֻҪǮҾ;ٱ㣬ʲôز˼еūͣȥٱԼˡ
д꣬ȫ⣬ǹ¼ҹһôЩ˾㲻ĳˣҲ϶ѣʴˣûʲô˼ɣٱҾץˣƾɶָӣ˭еĳԵĿ࣬ҲЩ˳
ƺһЩʧأֵ洦ɼһȺհЩȥţǲƾ鷳ԼܽǸˡ

ʹʹ
߲㡪ôأ
ϣǲǽȪиץأ
߲Żŵ˵
յҲ֪ѽûй¡ȪǺˣ
߲ǳӪ׽ɳţȪпǳ˲
ʲô
վôܣ
߲ģĳܵȵġ
ôµġ̵˰ҡ⣬Ըƽֵˣ׼˺ȪԼļ˷ֺ

ֻ߲߲һᣬµĵġ
߲Ҳ˿ΪˣƾȻյġ
úһڣǳеһ񣬵¹ٲμʹ
߲ڱϣûпмǺգɲǸ߲߲ԨĵĿܣҪǲĻһһ׼
߲ҲһΡ
Ȩûע⣬üʵ˵㽫Ȫиץأ
ͷذʹĻôһ¡
յȪпǰǴæûĻȫǰնɳܹ꣬ץأ
ʹ¹ٿɲ֪Щ˾ٱȪУ֤ȷ䣬¹ٲȥץġ
֤֤ȷ䣿
㶡
߲æʹȪбҲǳеĹԱԨȻһЩȻ򣬸аҰܻɳš
ҲԣյͷֳͽȪи˰ɡ
Ϊѵʹ˼óȷʵ֤ٱģ¹ҪǷ˵Ļֻܽٱ˸ץһ֪˭ԨĵҲپٱˡ
߲ͷˣㆪô
ô˺ôὫȿܷ
ü˼Ƭ̣ȥš
¹
һȻ˳ȥ
֮󣬺ձ㳯Ÿ߲߲ҿ˵Ҳв޵ǺɵĽ˸ˣôܻἤߵġ
߲㶣¶ɫɲͿΪȪ飬ɲǽΪԱղ鵽ȪͷϣվͿܲ鵽ͷˣֲ̫ˣǲ֪ʹ˼ǣ
յɣȰ˽Ȫкļ˶ܶģҲܸмȹһͷʳٰ֮ƽ˳ԣҲôˣ֪߲ΪΣ
߲ԵͷҲá˵ţֵǽտܲ鵽ȪУҲܲ鵽ͷϡ
߲˵üǡԵͷΣ㿴ôȽǶ뵽˵ڵǣȸ˾Ͳȥٱǡ
߲Ĭ̾Ҳֻˡ
ֶΣͼﵱǺǣаһЦ
ڵϣո߲˽ȪԼļ˶͵ҽǵĲƲǣȪǺ޲øչ£ԭץ֮󣬶Ѿˣǰ滹ֻû뵽ôֵˣѲŮƲڣ㡣
ȺտڣЩŸ߲ˣ׷׸ԮƾӹƽǣûбԼİ׼Ϊʳʲô¸ɲҶǳ֣̿վͶǸ
һ߲ӪЩĳȨ󡢵Ͷոˡ
֪Уֳ߲Ϊ˹¼ҹˣԼҲӦȥձ


λүֶΣ˵ѽ
һ򻰲ȮֵһĻĻ鲻Խ˵
Ҳ֪ģȥŵĻ֪ܲô
ֹ˵ã̫ξ帮ǿ¶СӵĶ֡ԪոпһɲɵȻ֪飬Ȼ֪ڸʲôܲ⣬ΪʲôΪһ£ټյһɶҲѻյ̫ƯˣҿӴ˴Сã׼ңܱҪãСûɶŵ㣬һ㻹ǶԼŮ˺˶ǳá
ǰǾ̫ˣȻúС޸ˣٸһ£һس׹ԼնһϵģֻΪ֣ǳҪ˺㣬еԣǺҪô֣һ֣ʮڼʮ˶ñŪڹ֮䣬˼ǳ˲¹ͷ
ɼһգҲһҪǰƤ㻹÷Էθ˵һлл˸еëȻ


1705 ǱƵ
顣
ʹյʱ칫ңһ
ԭʷ
շǳΪʹ裬ܹˣǷǳʿΪ֪ܰ˶ͣ˼Ҳ㣬Ҳܻúܺá
֣аǱߣʹǰߣһǳҪ֣Ϊһֱǿ
л
ʹ˫־ͽӹˮ
ֱԣ֪ʷͻȻΪ£
ʹ̽豭£飬ΪɲƽôȥѾҳһƬû£ҲûҲ˶ΪԩѾ˲ԩӦøϽָƣǽøң󲻻ճô
ΪֱȻǸ߾İգƽҳ֮ܲԩĲ̣ʵնģûȨԤЩ£սǰս֮£Ǻһ˸ֻӺյģʵ޿̣ϣܹͣ
̾˿ʵֺγʵһʼҲֻ뽫Ԩĵĸˣǡ̿д̣ҲڵģɱңҲܵˣɼЩ˶ЧԨĵġҷǳϸĿǹ⣬Ԩͳμʮ֮ãȻʹҲ˽Ӣۣ񡣶ҪһƬҴƵİͼڣֲǴһ뿪ЩֻǵʱֵóѹһˣҪ࣬Ͳ˵Ժ󣬹Ϊһսˣѵ๼ôǣѾˡ
ʹǳĬ
ּⲻƲЩֻҲ֪к֮ܶܲԩҲ˺ǵģȵʱһὫȫǨعڣܵȺȴڴƵõҲмƣΪһڴƵĴ񡣡
ʹȻַʽᳫģҲĵҿɲܸлԨĵңûǵҺҲ֤ɱ޹ҲͷǺ㿼ǵꡣ
ʲô꣬ʵҲǱƵѽտЦһҾʵ˵ɣɱˣ¶ҵģҪûйãҾһߣ̾췴ǱһǹҵģҲ˵ҵģֻ뾡һа취󻹵һˡ
ǴʵͼǷṦΰŲˣֻҪòǴˣˣҲ鷳ģ쾵۲Ϊ߾̫ˣʴ˴Ҷô
֮ʹͷﻹ˼˵ʲôʵ⻰һ˼ֻǱȽޣǰָվ˵ۣ壬Ҫ˴ֲøȫһ˸ʹʵеʳѾûж٣ûʳĻҲӡ
⼸Ŷûг˼⡣˫ۣҲ֪ģ˾ǳ˵ķǳͻȻҲ˴󲿷ֵݣڹ۹һ鳷ˡսǻʣĲಿսǰߵľҲȽϳԽ涼нݵĴֲִֻܵֻټõݣҪʳôģ˽ƽϱߵľȼİգٴӰټݸӲϣֻҪȵ괺ڻ֮ôһоͺðˡ
Ϊ񵱳ڶʿ;лʴȡ˽ѵ˵ݣ˰ھҪַսսʳѾŪˣǵȻٻ
ʹ첻֮£֪ĿǰƽٵѣֻҪܽʳ˵ʲô˵
뺫ս̸֮ʹˣøţͻȻüͷ΢΢һƳֹѵҲ´ˣµ޹أѽҲָԨĵɱԼҶˡ
ʹ֮󣬻صڣǱѾδȴѾȴĲ裬ƣ˲úƣְﲻңһ


ɽ
ף
Ҷӣͽˡ
»޷ŭĵŴգ˾ȻһֻǧಿӼصɽͷ˵ΪҪã
յϥأ֪븸𷣡
»ȼţ֮ΪȽ¸ΪΪһɽͷò¡
ɫΣΣŵѾȫȥΧǵоսͣͳ˧ʿ䣬Ҿļ͹ǸˣҲǲա
»ü£յҪǲͷۡ
ԭԳ߽ӵεگ׼ˣԳ׼ѳΪǶãõĽ
Ǿ׼˵ʱͻȻɱһǵĺ·ˡԭ»һ湥ɽһֱǾ´ǧƹɽƾ󷽣лΪ»Ҳ֪ƾ㣬ֻر·ڣôĵطûء
лƾֵסҲ߲ˣ˵ҲˣԳѾѡ÷ĹһɽϣɽǷǳʺϷصģΪǾöɱһˣǾ׬ģ٣ɱУ߱㳷˵ģݶѾˣʱһоƵˣϣ̷ɽɽߡ
Ҳǳصģ̾ͽǸΧסˣɽ벻ǣ˷͹գȻûɽϵĵˣһսΪ»޵ļƻҪһͽ¹Ȼˡ
ʴ»ʱҪ˵Լûãֻ˵̫ǿȻԸ˵Լûãɲʿѽ
»ҲаˣҲȺôգںһôǵڶշʱ֣ɽǰս
ֻɽ֮϶һȺؤױݶһģһֲ˭ǽ˭ʿ

ǣоˣǵıѾ׬ˣÿɱһˣǶ׬ģһҪɱ
ԳǰԼĴ󵶣ߺšȻϳ࣬ѪҲסɷǳĺ˷ܣȫͲΧסˡ
ΪԭʹѳެΪȡһЩЩʱգǳģҲֵˡ
ʿҲǸȾǶǻʲôǵֵǮˡ
ȻᣬȻᡣ
ͻȻվλ֣Ī˺˵о仰˵úã޾֮·ҳʹʱٴζݾһֱ޾֮·ʴһֱڣһҪȥ˵ԮѾ·ϡ
Ǳû߼ˣܵӡȥˣҽ£Ҫûܻ氤ա
ԳһмԮҪԮ赽ˣȵڡ
Цõ׬⣬޾֮·ȴ˵˵ĽһǸϽһ°ɡ


1706 ü
ԭа»ޣȵһս̾;治ܽڴյͷϡ
һ֧бܽһ֧ǿľ񲿶ѽ
»ǴͬʱĲӶϵһ룬ɽϵƾΪֱĲӶϵ֮ƾſʼ
ڻ棬ͳ˧ÿСϵķǳĬɼǶ£ôˣûһ˿ңз»޷ǳȡ
ҲܿΪʲôô˹ɽͷ
ȣɽ̫ʬ壬ƾǽʿԽЩʬʱ򣬷ġ
Σ֣ƾĹͱǿӸ£̿ɾͱԶˣԺܺõڻԼĶѳ棬ƾĹ֣վŲģҲŲѹϣһ֣ǰ߼ߵĹŹͣʱ̾䡣
ެĹֶǶںģǰǶܱڻǵĵֵͣҰͲƾǰ滹иǵţԿǰǵļʸ϶ƾֵĺ棬ҲΪʲôƾôãʸòƵãΪսڰɽϷģˣео͵ģÿһأʸͶһ
ƾ֣Ӳǰĵˣӣר䣬⹭׻ߣˣֻҪ˶ˡ
ǰЩˣȻǽȥﶼΪɱ˵ģʲôսԡսѾû̫Ĺϵ͵£ެսʿƾĳʱɱע£ΪؼǣǴͬĲҽͺܻš
ɽԲ׶εģԽϣΧԽСެȻռţȦֻվôˣǰˣĲܲȥ
ƾԶһһû˵һ
ƾսƳǻ治ǸǵģΪ˶ǳ䣬˶ԸȥͬʱƳĻַǳ٣ôʿʾ͸ߣγıؤå־ôܴʤ̡
Ƴйʷϣϵǿһʴ˲кĽڶʹңΪڶʹ˫ȫһץγĻǾ±Ƚϲ±ȽǿĻγɵС
棬ƫƫǿвɽڡ
ʱ»ձ
ɽͷ̴ƾĻ
ǹ£ֻ»Ϊôȥʧ̫ˣʵҲţǸӶΪôáΪ˷ǵģɽϣ֮϶һѩǰܣȻûд£͸Ӷˣټ
»ޱϾʢʱһͻǱˣԸһԱһʿڴΧˣҪǣһԸãǵʱѡ棬Ҫ˶ɱˣһˣҪʡ
ĩ
ʱһڱ
ة࣬ԴͻȻһ֧
ѵƾԮأ
»޾
ǵĴţӦ¹ȻĲӡ
»˿ԭ°ܽˣٺòˣʡһˣʵжˣ
ܶܶ࣬塣
ش»޲ûаεڱˣüŭ˵¹Ȼжٱһôʲô壬ҿǹҾġ
С˲ңǡģһ֧ıǵ١
»޵Ȼ֪˲ƭֻʵ⣬¹Ȼʲôʱôӣü˼š
̵ףǺȥɡ
»޵ͷ
С죬ڻˣףһֻӴľڳ߶Ҳƾ¹Ȼˡ
»óü
ףǵøϽ׼մ
»ҡҡͷǺ뻯㳲˵ĻҲǱƴľĶʱǽսҾ㳲̷ɥ֮ʱǱɽһٻ
˵ô࣬ܽһ֣
ެɽس
ɽͷϵԳߵƾʿɵˣôެȫأ
ôоأ
Īյ֮ƣ
ҡͷҿ񣬾ˣǷʦʹɽҿǳʲô£
ǿӰɡ
һʿ
ⶼˣ̫̼ˡ
ʱȱҿ˵
ӽʱֻ֣ŨһֱӴĶѹ˹ѹѹһƬˡ
ɽͷϵƾʿǴľվڸߴ̫׳ˡ
úһһ֧ͷɽ£ֻϵɽԶԶĿߡλ
ǣʲôˣ
̫ˣ¹ȻˣŮ֮ר֧Ԯǵġ
Ծȵⲻѽ¹Ȼôӡ
֪Ǻ
ǵŮ
ʱֻһදλԴʷǿɻã
һֻһ׵Ľһɽһ߳ǻ֡
Ǻ뻯
ϲǺ뻯ǣǵþˡ
ƾʿʱ˵ĲѣЩڵʹޣЩ˼ԴײأһЩӵ
ɼҲǲֻЩҪع
뻯ǰĩμ뻯
뻯æǰ뻯ǰˡ
ֺĩðһ䣬ǣ
뻯ǳԺ˵Ƕ¹Ȼĺж
»ûϴＸ¹ȻеˣСʮ꣬ʮ꣬ɶʽС
εǾ¹Ȼ룬ҪǱΪ¹ȻϾǷѾԼĵ̣¹ȻҲȣⲢѡ
ѡʵǷǳģ¹Ȼʺ֮أҪǶˣصסÿɱȥެƤ¹ҲΪʲô񵱳ƴҲý¡ҲܹΣͳ˧ţһĳΧ
뻯ȻҲյεţϾǴƹﵱȻʲôҲŮкܣһĸˣüɲū
֪ǰǿֿ󣬵ϣ¹Ȼеȥެһսø˴С߾սܣǾӻشȥ
ķչ뻯ԶԶķŮǹԾҪǲ
ټ¹ȻҲ壬˼Ǳ
Ǵȫҵͳ˹ҪެһսûʲôڣûʲôսԣǸެġ
ζҼˣǿ벻̣Ψһܹþϲ˵ƴ
»Ϻ꣬¹ȻƴʲôʲôҪƴǻܿǿǡ
ߡԳһƾʿԲЩգǵȻΪԼգΪǵĻʵۣ˼Һ뻯£㳲Ļֵزһ֧Ҳʧྫֻʣǧˡ
뻯ʵˣλоأ
عĻоոճȥ
뻯Ǽãλ¹ȻĴ£СŮΪλٻعȥɣ㽻ˡ
ΪԼʲôʲôŮһ԰ĸˡ
æҪެս
뻯һެ̫Ѿ޿̣ձҪһϡ
֪⣬һ֧ӿ׳ۣʵӣս϶ެʴ˺뻯϶һͷȥެһսɾͷȥ֮һެĶ֣»޲δѡڴ֮սȥɼ»Ҳ֪뻯һֻҪסʤæɣɣ£黹δһ²çײ£¿϶ڴɶò˶ǵԮͻᵽ
뻯ԣüһ壬̫εԸòûԮ
ߵ£»޼ˣ̳ɼâƲǾսģһѡסɽһգǵıǣе֮սʤǵģӦóغԴٱĻҲǶ˺ԴĻ֮սǵʤҲҪһЩ
뻯˼Σͷðɣλ֮ԡ


1707 Ĺ
ɽ
ף¹ȻδˣԴȥˡ
У»
»һ̾źֹǷŮˡ
ǰ㣬»޾ϣǲһȺں֮ڣ򣬲ڵסǣȵƣ֮ʱܹһ󻼣»һѵĻᣬϧ˼ûϵ
ֵףڸô죿
»Цһµ񣬻ô죬ȻǼȥ

¹ȻС
ҹ֮󣬺뻯ߡԳУżɽλʵƸۣˮһսѾû·
Գ̵»ģĩսĻެǰһ
һɾˣǳʹࡣ
Ҳ֪Գֻ̬̬ʺɽͷɱУʺײߣϽ£ҲΪǱˮһսǶ㲻̣ũҲ֮Уµ½е˶ҲӰũһлָܹġֻҪެսҲ£Ӧô־ս׼ҽ̽ʹķŵھެһս
ͷҲ޳֮ԡ
뻯̾ºڲ֧Ŵ
ʵûɶڣǴȫҵģǳ򵥵һ
ԴݵʳҲдŸ£ܱ߸ؽʳ͹
Գæ»ģںļƻ£ԭóصأۺʱݵľȱʵģдȥ˾ʳ
˵Ļ̫ˡ뻯Բһϲֻ̾ϧ鲻ڣڵĻа취˵С
ߡԳ⺫ֲ̣㺫Ҳսѽ
뻯ͻȻæλ£ҵ˼ǣڣڱӣټλެڻ¡
Գͷ⵹ǵģȷʵڵĻǸҪǺ֮¡
뻯д̵ľ飬Ҳ֪ˣǾͽͽˡ
֧̽ں֮ڣȥɣȡ侫Ϊͳ˧ֻҪǾ񲿶ӣȲϵоƾ˵ľ²ܣԽ֧񲿶ӵǱӵ󣬻ܹһսġ
ɻ˵뻯ô˵Ҳ¹ȻŮȴǳǣӶָӣεĻԥԥֲҽ̫ıǣŵ档
Ȼβ¹Ȼ뷢شĴҲͬĴ
Ȼʱмش󶼻Ժܶණ
ȣפޣΪƻǽͶ뵽֮УפʵƾʿٸһսƾʧأެľأƾʧȥһǳҪķߣ͸Եòˡ
Σʱмڹ³ƽѣۿҪɹˣ󶼻漱мֻܷ³ǣææش󶼻ֵͷŰҲûʱ׼
ǲŸոսмΪξмڳеĿɽȫˣЩϴ󶼱мߺܶ༶ټΪյ¸ҲûʲôǮΪÿصİս˰ǸԼģҽǮˣô죬˰ǮڵϵģѸٵĵݸı
ɾͲһ󶼻ʧˣÿ󶼻Ҫټնһ׷ϵͳмǿס
ΪмҲûн³ǵãһߣЩĶҹģԽԽ󣬲кܶط˶ң⻼м裬ҧźڶ
ãƲղ˵ʱڣõģ޼Ӳǽϻλ֣޶ˣֽ޼ɸλʱƳûʲôѣ˳
ڽҪʱ̣һؼˣ˾á
ﲢδŹõģҲȥãֻȥˣûҵãΪһֱڱȥģתţºͱһй٣ûʲôȨзǳƣ;Ĵķ⣬ȵȥãҲˣ̫ˡ
ϤΧ󶼻ʱһ·мϤĽ

󶼻
֣֡Ƕÿ
мƿǰˣ첽һŴǰŴѾһϢãƬ̣ڴߣסõ֣غΪʲôΪʲô
ôм󣬹Ƭ̣תͷȥĿϷ΢΢һЦмҲлͬʱһҲʧǲ԰׵޼䡣
֣֡
ףס
ˣλĸ޼ɡ¡ãȫˣ־Ǹʵˣʱһ仰û˵˼Ҳÿš

ӣڰ˳䣬мǿеıʹõĴԶʵֶΰ㸸ף
Զһ߿ޣһߵֶ뽫ͻؼ簲ᡣ
Ҷй˵Ĵͳ
Ҳ֪ܻܲȥʴֻ˵롣
мԵͷһȥġ֪ôܻ鷳뿼ôࡣ
Զæֶл常
ҵлл㸸ײǡм˵ţֺҷ˵ʿ䣬ΪΣ
ңֻһĳſ۴ȥ棬мǳ⣬ʴŲŷǳãΪʲôΪʲô
Զʵ״֪̫ξǵ֮һֱƲ֣ǡǡ
ʵøԳҲһģĺѶѾˣҲԼûʲôˣ˾ʹѳʾԼڴƵҳϣڳоʱߺŴꡣ
ֻڴƣΣΣǿܲѡΪڴƣȴηǳʧʴֻ־
мԣȻһ̾
ԶƺʲôƵãִӻͳһźŶ常Ǹҽģ˵˵֮ߡ
м㶣ӹź
ʵõͻȻ֣Ҳеǳ棬Ϊûһ̫˷ѽˣ͢ġ
صУмڴߣóǷţ
һǳˣѾɲ帮ƾʵѧλģһʱ䣬ǳĽ飬޲ڣ϶ˣ˷⡣ҲΪʲôζʼջһ档ʱı仯ᣬΪʱսŪĿ꣬ȥһ꣬٣֪Ǻյƻµģʴһֱоߡ
һǹӶһЩ̳ǮӶһ֧ӡ
ڵ֪ս֮̾ȥصĸ̣Ϊںܶط٣ЩҲʶ͸Щˣ¡¶һսҪػؾͻʵĹͳΣǲͳΣ󶼻ƣʲôˣЩΪƻ׬˵ʱҲͨգū㲻հʷǣ͵úúÿһ¡
Щ룬ƶȣǶãǼȵߣǿ϶ԸٻؾƶȣЩ̿ʼǮˣӶһ֧飬Ԯ󶼻
øм˵֮ߣǲҪⳡսǹսҪ׼սһɲһһ䣬ƽķĶҡ


1708 ʲ׼
յƻʵô仰ǰŷǳǳ೬ʱľúۣҪ뽫͸ǲܵģʵҲֻǿ͸һǶѣһǣҲһſԵ׵ġ
ʴˣм󿴵ҲǺܶ÷ǳȣû뵽һôģƽʱթСˣôܻôóôǮ֧Ԯǣ̫˼ˡ
׹鲻ףмһйٶܹôӣҲ˵һǿеġ
мĿǰҲûиõİ취֮ԣݸԮǽĿתˣʼ󶼻˽̸һɳˣȥ˵ˣǳǮ֧Ԯ󶼻
ܿ͵õӦӦмغΪḷ́ҲأǣǿԣˣΪˣǰǸģ˵ĻڣҲֺ֧յģҪ֪ɴӲ̵ģûԭֱ΢̬ʴ׵ģ϶ûôɣó˴Ǯȥ֧Ԯм󣬳ȺţǮˣкڡ
Ҫ֪ެɲǴһɿͻʵľɹ壬Щɹ嶼ǳͻǲԸܵƳͳΣϣصǸƽʱ
ެ̿ҲūެūᣬǵıūģǵĽЩū
Բ˭ͳյƻҷ𣬲ܹģΪ׷ʱɣƽȣǵͳ£ȫܵġƳֻΪ޳ĪҲϡǵǮֻҪǱھˣʴ˸ɣҪ˵ɣԶûôɣֻǹɣյƻǰɡ
ҪǣެɶˣǴܵʲôɣǮģٸûɶǮǿ϶˵ġ
ǮҪڲãҲΪЩ׼ġ
ԭ»Ϊ˿սϻҵսǶԷʵǸԭǹ֮Ĳġ
мôһͲһˡ
ݱʲ׼ū͹׼Ķ
غ˵Ĵͷ˿ʼǮˣ֧Ԯ󶼻ḷ́ˣĻﶼȥս죬Ҷȥˣ˭ǵĶҪûпܻᱻˣҶǶԣһܴгҪûˣ˭ѽ˵Ļһڡ
ˣڹ³ǡ»ҵļеأҲʼַģȻҲ˺ֵ֧ģҲˣ˵Ȼվһ𣬶嶼Ѿˣñ˵Щһʼû취ŴӦģŷԼԽˣɶõˬһȣʴҲΪԼˣҲվߡ
Ļԭսǳߵģ뺫ǩЭ飬ҲΪֹսΪƻԽԽãҶ״ǳ⣬ûެսʴ˵ذҲǷǳʹЩˣԱսȻǲǺùҲʹ죬Ҿͻ˺ɡ
һƿʼ˱仯Ϊǹ壬ūǶѹȥսûȨȥѹ˭Ǯȥÿ֪ԼΪʲôսΪԼսΪ˶ս
ԽԽ˼ԴԴϵǮӶǰߡ
мдһˣٵӵ⻹Լ֯ѾսĹӶ
Щ壬սʿЩ˲̫мɴԼȥˣΪǰд̾顣
ںڣмԼ֪жݣݣ޳
м·ӵصãû뵽õıôֻԼУΣҲҪдެͿʼˣôظëߡ
һެʼЩ֧Ųסˣ˵мʲôϷƾǱǿϤϽȣԵһ㡣
мû뵽ǣҲӰ쵽¹Ȼ롣
Ҫתվ˴Ϣ˺ܿҲ֪ϢǣΪ¹Ȼެռ죬Ҳ᧿Σ¹Ȼ붼Ͷʵġ
ԳҪʳ
ݵܵ˵ĸȾҲʼʳҪݺ¹ȻͶʣǮPѽ
óײֿ⼯еأתվ̫ˣǴʿʼӿ¹Ȼ룬֧ǣѾġ

Ƿ죬սŸոտʼǶսԨıɱѾβ׶Ρ
ڶ½Ԩĵʬ˻ƽ󣬺̽ԨĵʬʾڣҪǾЩڷԨĵİգȥ԰ɣԨѾˣǿʬ嶼ǲҪԨĻٱǡ
ȻЩռԨĵʬ壬ƽ˶ܱ߳ǳأҲ˳ƽֹģԨȺˣƽҪĺҡ
ƽһɽϣֻųͷھʲôԶԶȥһ㡣
ɽͣźЩװŲʳҲһװ׵ʬǡ
ԭһɽһڣרʬĵطһɽڵĶϱߣԭһ䣬ʵǼӪģ쾵߾峯ʿ߾²߾ͳ߾ͽЩ˵ūרŸɽ·Ļ˾ӣǳңҲΪʲôƾ߾ʱҲɱ˲ˣΪ˿Ǽ̳峯һеģһγôȻҲӦü̳С
СԸԳˡ
ԪԶԶɽ棬Цŵͷ
ƽԸǽ峯ʱڱ߾²ԭӵܸͻؼȥһѰ׹ǡΪƳʱ򣬹źܶ£һЩԭʿھƽʱв峯²ңԭĬĬᣬв峯²ԭʿ˵ʱͿǿ
ʵЩ壬ڹеʱ򣬴Ӳǿǳϧ¼ҵҫټӵʢգаҲǳϲǶˣǷǳݵģҲ˵ȫǻƽļƻģԭǴһѽڵ˶ǣʵǼޣûеóѡ
ʹʹԸ
ʴˣһƽĴ̽峯ʿĵطɽͶˣҲ
ոпϣһγܹʹսᡣ
ԪúǺЦ˼
յЦʲô
ԪյΪǸ߾ɱǵ𣿡
ղȻΪ˭ɱǵģ
Ԫգգۣ߾ˡ
ղݸһЦ
ʱҵͻȻ˹΢΢ԺЩѾˡ
ЦȺ쵰ˡ


1709 ԡ
С磡
С磡
ջصʱѾվˣһɫˣҲֻԸϵǮԶ޷ܵġ
ںտǻһݣǳ͢ծծġϾǮ͢õرģ͢˵˽թʵһ㶼ãõľǳ͢
ǿˡ
ûָָǣɼɫ죬ʵôأҿǺصġ
Ǯ󷽼æС磬ǷʱİնҪƵãټÿǴһܴô
ƽǿɻڴƽ˶Ҹ߾뺷åƵãֲҪ£Ϲţŵȷ˺¡
ÿ춼ԲҲһ
ֵҲɡ
ǻվŰɡļڨڨ
㶣ȻеСôˣվЩծվţţ߰ɣ߰ɣǵԺȥ˵ɡ
Ĳ̫ϲԼţǰվһȺԸվŵ룬֪еǳģϲһķΧ
Ժһ˾վںԺĿյ档
ǸǽһڵȻֵһҪסһ㣬˵ģʹߣǴˣֻҪһ˵ôǱ㲻Ҫκεǣû˻Լʳĸֵġ
ǮֱֺǣڰټѾ÷ǳȫû⡣
ͻȻ߾뺷ɲôù̵ܽġ
յĻҲ򿪳Ͷٱ뺷Ҳ²˵ģҪ֮໥ϣ϶һɵĻһֱҲһɵĻ
С˵ǡڴǲ֪߾ʲôϲأ
յһ澵ӣ㿴Լһ˵
һ㶣漴εﲻûô
յͷ⵹Ҳǡ

˲ɵôЦ
ʵǴ˶ʳ
Ǯ̾С磬źôͻȻټǶֹǴʳҲǷǳޣǺܶࡣ
Ҳͷж˸Ц⡣
΢΢һЦͷ
ʵټеʳȻĻҰָˣҪ֪ǰЩ˿ɶڰټãǻһֱڳӶڰ뵺ͶʣдʳϡΪ˵кܶʳǳ͢ΪԼ棬ôҲ㽫ʳģӰЧʳϴ󵶣ʹ߾øţһһ㼷ǣɲȫǣһͷǲŻǰߡ
ڰټõʱǾѾˣʴˣûнʳȫֻǴһ֣û͹ҪѰ߾յ֧֣˳µĳΪˡ
ռһжᣬҲͷóһŵͼ
һͼЩ۷Ź⣬Ц⣬ڴǰΪ֪óͼʱǷߵʱ򣬴Ϊʱ̣ǿɴδֱڵͼ滮ء
߾ǵ裬ֻԭԣЩ˶ԣǾ̫һ㣬ʵҲԲôһء
ҷߵҲټòһټԼѡԼ滮Ǹ߾ĻѾǹ滮ˣһأһͷһۣûаǷãΪÿ˶ԼĹ滮ջԼѡ
ͼҲֻǿһŵӡ󣬴Ҷ˾ܸݵͼ¾ʵؿ죬ͼ԰ǽʡʱ䣬ûдҪͲҪȥǱ߿ˡ
߻ŰټõߣϴȡԴֻһЩԭȱҵ˵ҩֱ˵ƤԼë֯ƷЩͿʲôɣͳͳôݻ١
һǾƽƽ˶ӽβҪǸץҲץˣƽȥѾûκˣƽǴڸ߾ÿطýƽ˶ʴ˺ҲƽֵֵȥõطʵǶƾ£Ϊǵƾ£նԴǷǳġ
ǺʽڳʾΪ˽ʳĵ⣬ٸʣ˺Ҷɹѹء
շǳӭֻҪʳʲôУûʳûһС
֮ȸ£һ£ˡ
ʱ˸ʱʱΪ۵ģڷԾУԼͳһơ
ūԼ̫˼Ҹո˼ҵūͲǸ²һô⵱ȻС
Ҫūƺ̫ˣݻͨգŮҲƣҲûп٣ǹһڷԭҪ̫ˡԼҲдˣЧ淢ǮģҪˣɲҲ±ͬʱյĹйǮƳѾˣ˲ң㲻ʣǾûѣҪ˼·ݵ·˭
Ҳ˷ϳ˸߾ūƶȣռ˵أܵøһ
ȻڵصİգЩ²Լƽ˶ץˣͳͳūݣ˻ԭ
ʾոȥдӦƸ纫ԣǽЩ˶ϵʹߣǿϲƣνƣûѽѾǳ¼ӣҲˡ
ڶ£ϽӲܱߵأƽȸˣôˣ͵̲Ч棬ǸɻǴš
ڼڷأ̫һ㣬ȰзֺãȻ·Ŀǰ߾·ʵ̫ˣ·ͨպôֶڣ·ķãҾͿƽ̯Ҳ·ոҲûлɡ
ذҲǷǳԸ⣬Ȼ죬ǶɵȻ죬ΪɻܹԱ̫Ҹˣ·Ϊİպá
ٻͷһѻճʲô
ȣ۵ʳˣЩ˾ͶûзԣҲȲ˴Ǿ͵ϳҷԣôˡ
ΣϣΪһѴ𣬵ƽ󻯣ˡѫ󶼸ץЩܵձˣҲҪͻشƵģôӵеأɽ֡͵˺վͿԽЩ˵ծôͬʱӵϺʱ͵õչ
߽⵱صƽǽ֮ȥ߾ľЩĻܻڵģýǶˣôƵ˸ٸſȫӹ
յôңΪһ׬ģңǱԩģҲǱԼԩģտǺ޹ϵһֱɶûвƽֵ£ʣҲҪʣ̫ϤֻҪɿһжˮɡ
֮䣬ƽ̱ƽڼƽ˶Ҫû¸ˣ˭ȥ˶Ԩƽ׵ױɾƽ˶ɱŹҲĽŴ򿪡
ֻҪƽɹˣôĵطհģʽ


1710 һһڳ
ƽǽڶ׶ʱնҲʲصƽǣĿҲ߾еĳǳضѾռʵ߾ЩǳأһɽկվſڣǾͶҪôܣʣҰһЩصķɱţնЩҲ̫ȤͽˣҲһ㹦ͣһЩ²˻Ǯ
սˡ
ӭǰȥЦ
նȭصһ漴ЦôģҲʹһʹ̶ѣԤƵĿҪࡣ
ټãҪǶµˮʦնǵ½ǷƣûԨΪ˫ͳ˧̫ˣҲǷǳɣƽĻҪǺյĹͣľսݺˬһѣһӲ̡
ԣüսо䲻̫ĻҲ֪˵
նɫ㵫˵޷
յ֪ΪʲôսĹ;һ˳ˡ
⻰תãЩĪնʶΪʲô
̾㿴˼Ҵ̣㹦ͣĹͣսǴ󹦻ССޣʴ˳ٳδõǨ
ն˰ΣͻȻЦһﾪ˰
ЦЦĪҪ黳
ңҡնںջǱȽصģɲҸһСӣܹԨҲùģٳ֮УɲԴ⣬ֵǺǺֶΣŶãƽǾͻָ˹
һԵʹ룬ΪǰЩ㲻ڵĻͲô˵ˡ
Ҫ֪ƽ˶ڼ䣬ǷǳֲģΣƽǷ·𶼱ֲڣǸңǸǼңһȶԴ˸еЩֻ֪ʵǺһֵģҲɹգͱԼˣΪôᣬôغģһѻ𽫾ͳеݸյøɸɾŴʳǾս֮
ټһ̿͵ĳ֣һж޷죬ҲǺŪġ
ЦʵҲδʲôһʷֻ֤ǽټһףõƽǡԸ£תƻǽǱ߿ɻ˳
ն˳ģҵǴĹԨˣ߾൱һǴȥЩ˾һЩڵԨ󣬾ȻɸӲ͵ϮҾ˸еȡ
ЦǺǵʵҲ⣬ԨȻһͽסе֣϶൱һ˳ΪսҲ˵ұɱ£ҲΪʲôҪƽ˶ԭһҪЩ˸ĻǷǳΣյģһ뿪пܻҸȼġ
նͷҵŴ£Ҳŵһ亹ƽ˶ȷʵҪȥ˵ͻȻʲôƵãŶмҪ˵Ҿ̽ٸ߾ȥޣȥѯʵʱ޷ȴ·ϵһɶ
üµ棿
նǵۿģдġֻΪ£úȥ޽档
ʹüͷһ޹ȻҰĲСڰټõʱ޾ټõĴ󽫲ףԨĵЩ˿ɶǷҵĴƣ޻ЩԣΪպ󷴿Ҵ׼һֱټõǿɲܵġ
˵յ飬ǿɵñ޷潫Щ˸Щޡ
նҲԵͷ
Ƿǳģ޽˽Ͼ˫ô
Ǻȴǳ
ʹʵĪǺĴ㣿
Եͷ֪ʷɷΪʲô޸ʱԨĵ
ʹһĪΪҴѾأ
նһֵ޿ɲҪڴˣһˣҾܹ
̫˽޵ʵӣ治ġ
յҲսĻǣ֮أ߾δȫסǱֶһޣǸ޷ռ죬ֻ鷳ģԶһӳ̫ˣȻˬͻ𼲲ҷΪǶԣһ¡
ʹ˻
յĸ߾ҪǰǻָʱɲӣЩЧԨĵģǲܹ˳ҴƣЩ˶㵽ɽȥ֮ʱʱɧһ°գǵûܶܶľȥԸǣܵȥˣ޷ǹǵġ
ʹټãڸ߾пҲңƻǶڵصĹơ
ЦҪԼ̸̸˵£ʱһģʱЩ˸̺ܽãҹ޷ҲԼľ̫ټá߾Щ󽫣ҲǴǿԼʴֻҪԸһɫƣʱɲҸҵģΪһ̹Ҳ֪ԼмＸڸ߾ȶ֮ˣǺǣôЩ˽޵ɡ
ʹòһԭ㡭
ǲŵģڿţ˭ܱ֤ԺأϾԭ̫Զһͦ׵ģõİ취ǣһݡ
ջһתɲôڶǵѣǴѱͱӣǵ󣬶ңЩҲǿóɣֻҪ˵Щ˶Ƿ²ǾͲ˵ˣϾ˾˭ķ²͹˭ġ
⣬ʱҲûȥޣɲҪĿǰǶ͢ĿҲת߿ɲ׿սĻ͢Ҳ˲޾ô󣬸꣬սҲǴһѣݣȡ̫ƽҾֵ̫ˡ
Цˡն֣ĵˣ֪
ҡҡͷǶż̫㣬Ҳ̫
ն档
ʹͻȻʵ鿴ȥƺһҲġ
տЦ˭˵Ҳˣ˲ٹģںпܰæһˣҲûõġǴӺõ÷룬Ѿ˸߾ֻҪ߰ٺãǾͿרĶԸެʴˣٺø߾ǶԸެĻ
նЦǺıԶǰ
Ҳ뿪ˣҪû̴Щ佫ʲôȥɱȥˡ
ЦıԶǣֻҲֻôοԼҲǣÿ𴲵һ£ϲԣ»޵ļƻʧܡ
նʹ첻һЦЦִһΡ


1711 ѡ
ΪնһɽӷϴЩսȻʳǾнƣЩƹѾǼͣʴ˽ǶǷſƤȣ¶ǳߣһֱȵʱ֣һʿ̧ߣնǱ뿪
ʷ
Ը뿪ʱͻȻסЦҿҲ˲٣һɣѾѾ
ʹ£ͷȻ֪ɲҪѾġ
Ц˷ʷҲǹûһάʷģ֪ʷ벻س
ʹһĨ֮ɫ漴飬ʹһֱӣʴ˺л˵
յͷҾֱ˵ˣϣʷܹ
ʹԲΪΣ
յ߾ϱޣ߻˲HȻǶ˵ЧҴƣôģ˭֪أ޾õ֤͢¸߾һҪĿģΪǣ˲ԼHȲ塣ʱĸ߾ټöеҪˣϣ˫ȫԣʷʺϲˡ
ˡʹҡҡͷǳϵˡĳֱԣһףҲǷǳֻʤΡ
Цǲǿϡ
ʹֵĳ޴⣬ĳĲ̫ҳʩеǾƣԹũΪΪĩض£ιҶԴҲǸе൱󡣡
˽£˸ȥǿ뵽ǣȨ÷ǳ󣬸ԭȫǲһģôٸ﷢ʲôãκദȴס
յʷӦ֪ҳͻʾɵʵеĶߣżķԣǰʷǺ³һһȺ˸췴ʴһα²ѡΪ͢İƷԭ֮ء
ʹü˻
̾˿ɽףؽɽѣǶͳΣǹƣ࣬ı졣ʴҪ⣬Ψһİ취ͬǣǱøһǾͲˡ͢ͳʱ򣬶һЩȽϴֱķʽѹⲻ˵ǴǱҪġǽıģǸ߾ˣֻҪ͢κδֱΪҶ룬ҷǺˣ͢Ҳûнһ˿϶ĴңȻͻ취һС
ʹԵͷ˵䲻޵кιϵ
ЦԶԣ˶ɵģ͢ҪͳǾͱҪԼǵɣǵ˰ԸǸɻ߶ì֣ܳӵߵĽʹһˣҲ֪ʷпҵѧۣΪι̵ģͬҲӦη档
˽ᾭӪİǸ˻췹ԣԼյˣðոɻҲˣǳ͢˵ʱ򣬵ȻռţôҪ⣬ûг͢˿޼ɵİǣг͢ڣ͢Ϳˣô͢ǸվһߵģôİյȻǸм͢볯͢ԣǽͻͬҴơ
ʹһĻٸܹԼô
յҴЩ˶ԭˣ׷棬˵ǵг档ԭôг߾㲻ʲôԭɶдģǲ͢Եģɷϣ϶ҲһЩìܣҪȥģΪ͢ҪˣҪˣľöձض£ⲻһɵ¡
ʹأԥ
һۣЦʷĪڵң
ʹһʶ֪
ЦʷҲ˵Լһֱӵˣȴԥԥģʷǵ£йء
ǰҾڲԹɫĳˡʹ칰֣ȻͷȻ鶼˵ˣĳҲֱ˵ˡҵȷڵһ㣬ĳµķ뺫һûаպ˵ȥôԺĵλҪĳˣ׾٣ĳòһ㡣
ҡҡͷ·һνÿ˶ÿ˵磬û˿ԱңҲԱ㣬ʲô¶ԼɡؼһҪҵһ£ΪִߣǲƫģҪΪִкҵߣִвãΪҪȻϾ˾㲻ͬԸңǿΥֻẦ˺
ʹҾܾأ
յǾ֤㲢ʺϣһˡһҪ㣬ʱȲҪŻسȥݡ
ʹΪΣ
յصУܸʲôأ
ʹɫЩá
ЦҲǿ㣬ģҲǺ㣬ܹʲôܸɳʲôݵʱڳеʱ򡣡
ʹü˼ţĵ˵òȻݵڳƽѧܹѧãȻڳеʱȴֻдд£ҵĽ붼ᱻɣҴ˴γһЩͣǴͶǵģҲһὫҵسС
㽫߾ãΪ֮ǣһῴĲܣʱٻسҲһࡣͻȻ˵
ʹ΢΢һ⻰ȫ˳˼˵ģԴѾǼ߲ˣ˼ΣͻȻʵѡһ뺫֮ˡ
⻰˵÷ǳתʵ˼ǣúѡһԸˡ
տЦƻʵһǳı׶ˣǾǹ̹ᣬǮʹĥܹǮջ󣬶еþǮԱȱǮ໥ᣬôƻһʧܣҪһֲظҵִ߲ܹȥ
ʹ㺫ĳ˿ܻģɼƻ޷Գ־á
յ¿ͷѣ߳Ҳһ֮꣬ظãôϰأ˵һͳôͲ˭˿׸ıģˮۣܸۣÿһƬˣİա
ʹ淺ԥ֮ɫȻسȥΪʮˣҲСˣ뵽ǵȨȥ뻢ڣ˼ΣͻȻֵǽɾҪͷָ㡣
չЦңҡʷϲҵߣΪѡ㣬ҲǿĲܺԸﾡ鷢ӡ
Ȼ²Ǻܹģ϶ҪεĵͷǺյߣμȻ˺յߣȻҲĽ顣


1712 
ͺԸԣʵǽԭϷǳһˣҲɹԭ֮һ
һϸִмƻˣײǽҲǾƲıԼļƻڼƻ֮ڣǷǳģʲôǿԸıġ
ʱδǹʹ죬Ϊʹԭ̫ǿڿƣս֮žʹ̯ӡ
Ϊ߾лҪӣ͹˸߾ճƵԼ޵Ļ־ˣһҪ˫ȫϣȡģǾͱҪȶ͸һ£ѹİգôӺ档
ȥ»ûⷽ˲ţֻʹ졣
Ŭ˵ʹΪ֪ǲˣҲʵǺҪҪǴͬν־ͬϡ
Ȼѡʹ죬Ǿͱ¹ȥƣȡȫԼҲ塣

գʹӲ죬ȻƽѾ˴ѩأֹ˶׷ƽ洦ɼǶƽɽɽˮˮȻš
˵ΨͼһҲѽô죬˿ֹǵ顣
ЦǺǵ
ʹɫ죬źԼ˳Ϊ١
յͷҲǰ
ΪΡ
ʹĿ
յΨͼΪȨԸͷ­Ѫ伫ʿϧԼͬϧԼëһҲ֪к𣬹ʴҲΨͼкβԣֻҪˡ
ʹ˼Ƭ̣˵˵ͷʵ޳ܵˣһȺͣʿΪάԼ棬ʲôȱ¸ɲԼΪͣ˼˵ôԼֱҲһ֣еˡ
Цʷʥ鳤ģȻ˵ӡ̫á
ʹͷûзϣҲûϣǸٹ̵˾ǽթ֮ͽҲվһԼ
յ¶棬ʵҲпɰһ档
ʹԸꡣ
յ˵սɣʱ˶սƣ˸еǳŭʵҲǷǳսģϲսڱ˼ĻǾܹˮ㣬ԼôǵĲƸҷɴ˿ɼڵصĹ߶ԣʵһǳİ֣ΪͶǮƣ﷢սôǺпܻѪ޹飬ǻᾡսٶȱάİ볯͢ĿǰĴǲǲıϡ
УܹܺõĴٽ֮ںϣʵֻȨ֮ƣֻҴڵפһûж٣ƶϣĻϻǸģ޷ﵽںϵĿġҪģϵĽ˵ʱĸ߾߾˵ﲻͨô˵ǹǨͶǶǨ͹أ
ʹȻǹǨͶ
ˡ
յ˴ŸԣŸ߹ô˭뵱ˣȻȻģҾͶѧϰǣģǣΪаԡ֡šϰߣȵȣڸ߾ｫΪѧϰԣΪֻ㶮úܹվһ̸߾ԣᱻɽȥġ
ǣһǸЩ˶һǾͳΪǺˣǸ߾ˡսֻ֮ߣĻҴƵǿǴĻʹߡ
ʹ˼úðΣԵͷⷬ⣬ȷǳӱأĶ˴ƫʼվʿũҲδдֲһֳֻôʳѵܣʳܷһô
յȻ԰
ʹջشֱ׳ͽ̡
Ц˭ŪģˣЩȽũ˭ڳǮзҲˡΪʲôˣЩḻũأΪǮԴǾȥЩ¡ʵǳ򵥣ֻмʮĶأҲֻԼţûǮȥɱ£ҲûпУмǧĶأôͿԸɺܶ¡
ʹҲӵǧĶء
յǵ˵𡣵ҪǸأӵиأζű˵ؾͻ٣ôܹάԼĵλҪǸʳΪ׷棬һĶأһǧĶأǶԥʳ˵Ļ㲻ǸһĶأһǧĶأȻʲôΪ׬ǮɹˣֳֻĻ˸ûɶˡ
ʹԵͷʿũ̵Ŀȫ鼮յļ⣬δ뵽ġ
ֵǾͱ˵ƫǺгദΪİ֣ǵˡ㲻һֱ棬˵Ľ£ô
ʹ֪
յʵֻҪһͿˣչҵƶҵһжһߣһеһжΪҵչŬ
ʹһ
յʷⶼ벻ףҵǲƸҵԽĵطƸ۵ľԽ࣬ΨͼֻҪܹ׬ǮȻٸģڶ෢һǮˣ˸ԣˣȻҲԸӹٸģǸԣˣɵ˰ȻҲˣٸȻҲԣˡ
ʹһ˭ף˭ҲǮʥ˾˵Ӱƣȡ֮Եԭس٣Ҳϣˣ˵ףѰ
˵Ҳѣ˵Ҳס
˻
յӴóסʵ߾Ƿǳ÷չģͿԸԸ⾡ŬȥƶΪ߾ѾûжˣΪܶѾȥԭֻҪչôʾҪԶԶڵ˵󣬶ʣͿۣȻ߾ϿһӴгڣɽԭϡԼȵôǿ֪ģô˵ɣֻҪ߾һֶеƷԭնϲģô㹻һˡ
ʹιͼӴóأ
Ц˻㽨ģϾǴŹٸʲôȻͻģǻó㹻˵㣬ֻҪȡǽȻͻ֪ȥ
ƻԭһԭĻһ㶼ԱҪƵĸԼսΪɲֵأֵصĻٸֻҪȰũɣͿԣҪȥܵġⶫǱ仯ģǣ෽棬ҪģҪһսġ
ҾȻһģǻһԱΪÿһ̶Լְ𣬶û£ԼСҡ
ʹЦôһ˵ҵһЩڴ
յгһգǰеֻءòǾ¡΢ô͡
ʹͻȻЦԺĿۺա
ôɹˡ˵ţǺǺһЦ
ʹʱʱͷЦиǺ棬˳Ŀ⿴ȥֲԶһѩڴڴ߻վһСӣǽǽ̤ľ壬˫
СҰܵܡ
ǺǡտСǱ׾ϣֵöϲ£죬ͻȻʹʷȥǱ߸˽һ£ȥǱ߿
ʹ㶣æ㡣
ʧ㣡
չһ񣬼ææСȥ
磬ôأ
ܼܵúչˣһ±Ƶ
պǺЦ֪ģҶ˶ҵһֱǴֵ֧ģҸСҰһ㻬ѩ
Ҫˣ磬æȥСҰھͿˡֱܵҡͷ
վȵΪΣ
ܵܺߵΪϲЦˡ
һʲôЦǶǼ㡣СҰ˵ǲ
СҰǺЦţ⻰

ʹ쿴ֵ龰˸Ƿſ̸£ȴͻȻȥܵˣ̫˼ˡ
ǺյԸУС֡СҰԶڵһλôԶ̸ġ


1713 
ǵ
˵סެ⡪ôܣ
ս´ʱβ°͸ˣһӦһǼϢ͸պмһ
ԭĲǵƃǻԮĳ̶ֳΪزסģΪûжپפҪǼڰ򣬵һսƾҰܣҲެȡ󶼻ߵĹ³ѾңϱлնֲڣôأȥҲܸϵüֻ˵ƃǻͻ֮ոΪǲެģû뵽ͻȻյϢ˾ͽެסˡ
£ڰ֮ǰʵѾһЩϢ˳ǳҲģȻͥݡݡɳ̴ݱȷһжãݱͥݡݡɳ޽ġ˵ţó
мæսпո͢ϵ͢Ҳûɱ󶼻˶ȥ󶼻ˣʴ˸عٸ֪¡
ϡθæ
ŵʤæźγϡ
һ߿һ߾治ѣ⡪̫˼ˡ
ͻȻվ£ϳΪģ̫˸еˡ
һ˻
ڵެӵʵҶǷǳ˽⣬ƾ£Щ˾Ȼܹסެ㣬ɼЩ˵ʵѾСˣΪ˲֧м˸еɰ
˻ǺɳӰָѽҪ֪м󵱳Ǽᶨķɣʴ˲űᵽǱȥˣ֪мˣ׸ıԼм˫ȫǿ϶»صС
ʦ̵дԲӣɲһΪеˣİգҲ֧һˣм󣬶֧Ǵơ
Ȼû˵Ҳѿ̽еԭΪʲôһСˣر˿󷽣ҪΪ֪֮ӵ˶òƸΪ͢ƻǺƻϣܹҴƵͳ֮£ެͻʵľɹ塣
ⲻǶҴƣڱµġôܹһնڹҵľأ۳ʱǹҴѵʱʵʱмԸһǮ֧Ԯҿͻʡ
ͨ£ʦǲԿҲ鷳ֻЩϢʱǷǳĸжʵҲжˡȻڿڱɣʦҲô£޷Ǿǲм⹦͸ȥǳŭ
ҲüڣУտҲ޵񣬲ǻˣ⻰ҪǴȥο͢ΪҶսȴǳɣȻ޲ˡ
һǵһ㣬æֵϳ֪
ⷲ¶ػģެѹ㻹ζһЩˣҲͿڣΪ˲¤ţܹв˶ڹҴ棬໹աʦˡ
εȻ֪ڵΪˣƽϵģ˵ģԼѡԲɾͿˣǾ֮ͳͳô鳼м鳼ôؼҪԼڵǲܴﵽ޼ɵĵزڣǷǳĵģڣҪԸ㣬練ƣЦǵõƻʱᵽһ㣬ֻһʱû벻ƻ벻ѽ
þ͸Ӳζˣ˶ʵȴͷϡ
Τ˼ǫվ£ެսͼı¹Ȼ롢֮أѾ˾֮·˽ֶ֪ʮֱӡҾѾ뷴׶Σ¹ȻҲެԳںԴΪӦּȫ淴ެެһѵ
¬æվ£˾򲻿ɣΪҾո߾ʿǶǳƣַެսֻ»òʧټǶ˷ս˼С
վϳ޳¬Ľ顣
Τ˼ǫǳǿӲҴѾǵһãެȴʶôű壬Ǽˡ
ĳԸңެôͱӣǿ벻̡
ۣ֮ʵҲǳµһӰžƵı仯һЩ˾;ެ̫ɶˣǶȹΪѵʱ̣һҪѾãެһɫơһЩ˾;ⶫ߸ոմֿ꣬սڹҷչϾҪ˵ģⲻǸ߾ǿެÿ
ⲻǵ֮ΪĲͬ
һʱҲò⣬һǳеѡԸ¹ȻأݡݡԼ۷ݣȵȣر¹ȻսҽݶȥһʼôΪެڣΪǿ϶סģϣס¹ȻƵĽ磬ֹެ磬һеһеͳ˧ǻ˵ֻҪסʤȡһֱȽϱص
û뵽뻯ôͣ㳲һЩΣңû뵽ߡԳһĵסެڣʱûˣҺΣҲΪʱ
ûʵ̫ԶˣԭʿȥһˣƵŵҲﲻæʴֻگȥصˣڳжĶˣ۳ɰܣǶǹҵӢۣһҪúýǣ֮ģ֮ɵҶ֪ҷǳжмٵĶʱȫȨмͳ졣
ôȻ򶼽һͳ죬ȻΪĿܣǿĵˣһҪһǿеֿסҪΪôֻѡмΪǱҲûʲôˡ
ʱսѾȫŤתެȫսߣΪެһĴɱ»֪飬ʵҲˣһʼôôУƾûأЩطƾʿפأզ
Ѹһмеı߰˱ǵˣ³ǵȵأмȥԼ͸ǸȻɹȻǿˣҲ˻̣˷ǳǮʶֱƸͳһڶԷĽʿҸǮǴ̣ǸЩɶ·ūһʴڳڲ£ƾǮѸٵŤת˾档
мһոյսҪأֱָ٣һսۿҪˡ
ɾʱ»ͻȻϤ٣˻ɽ¡
»ǳϣ˱Ҳǳϡ
Ҳûа취ԭûռ¹Ȼ룬ڴĽԭҲôߵģʱۿƶ᧿ΣƵֻܴӶ߳õջִ֧ƣҪ֪ƶԣҲһߣͳεҲûжã˵ļ룬»ʼδ
ǮǮˣʳȵսҪһսʣټмҲǳصģެҪ֧ԮٵĻôɽ·ôߣٸƾսެ̫ˣڻǶ죬ȣĲҺܱܿƾض·Ϊެ֧Ԯ٣ֻ·һ·Ƿǳߵġ
»ԼҲƾںԴٳδͻƣʿѾԲԷΪƾԴԴϵ֧ԮټߡԳսҲˣƾͳ˧ˣ¹ȻİȻҲսףȻ̫ˣҧڵֿ
»Ƿǳƣ̴Ԥȫ෴Ҳ֪ƶԽΪҲܵƾ߾Ϣȵƾͳ˧ǣ񶼻ˣøϾ
Ȼڴʱ콵ѩʹսͣЪ
˫ףߣмʿ߰׼һɽµĴ¡£ⳡսϾģǵȻǡ¹ȻĻƾǿĵĵֿܵ˵Ǵ·硣
˫Ҳóû侲һ£ǸüȥǸݱ


1714 ᲻úײס
ƽ
ź׹һ棬һᣬһᡣ
һʮң̵ӣ϶Цݣտ޵
֪϶ΪһԱǽʵ޵Ĺ
ڴѶ֮󣬺ƽˡ
庮ƨƨߵľ͸˹ȻعȥˣһֱڵĻرƳʲôǣûô˯þƳոȡʤǷǳ˷ܣɼƳûѽ
ңңˡ
չֻصһʾ
л
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մŹǻ˴γɹҾܽչ˳һֱŵġ
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ܹô˵ǳһΪͷ뺫մ򽻵վ;һʹΪһȽϱˣʱﶼڵǣյѵô죬ҪҪӣѾñ׼û뵽ô˵·һƵãķǳˡ
Ǽ⣬ҲֻǾ¡ɫ֮󣬾ȥټá߾ԭռǵĳǳ⣬ټõĶʮǳأԼ߾ʮǳأʮǳأΪر
ټú͸߾ĳǳظԭĳǳزһһСɽկҲһСǳأټô󣬶ǳأο߾
ձϾ˳ۣζӳ¡
ԭƳһǳضǱռģΪȷʵ˺ȣûаﵽʲôæƾĵҲûбƳ黹ǰ߾ټռģһʮҪ˵ðɣ̫ƽǿѣռôĵأҾռôһ㣬ǰټãֻԼûãҲԲ
ûм֮ǰѾϵʱ뷨һҲ⣬ֱӴͳһ鲼дžʮǳء
һæŶлȻȥӡ
ͻȻһۣЦǣһҪѯһ˵ţֽջˡ
￩һ£һţɱѽǳ֪Ҫʺ£
յ޷棬˲Ԩĵ֪д£
Ŀ˸˼£ǰսʹҲ֪£֮һصȥֵȷһЩ߾ĲಿΪ˶ܹӵ׷͵͵޾ڣѾ׷Щ˵䡣
ʵҲϵջἰ£ڹھͽԲˣشǵˮ©ҵʱ˵ûУΪҲ֪һ飬ģ㲻ܹңҲġ
΢΢һЦûƭҰɣ
æϣ飬ʵްԣץЩһȥ
װãһٿЩ£ɼ˷޳Ҳ
ճĬƬ̣ͻȻ֪з֣սǶûв˴λ
һ㶣˳ŵҷҲΪ˸е棿
յΪǶڴв޾˲ףԨĵܵȥˡ
ɥ뺫ףҲûа취Ƕ򵽽ȥˣʱҲŸոյ½ʵ޲ߣôġԨĵЩ治֪飬뺫ҪҰ
ҵȻ㣬ȻĻҲ㽻̸ϾһֱǴơ
ǣǶڴƵģؿɼ
飬ˡ
ֵҲ³ŵǲҪǣһ鷳ġԣҲ˵ǰͷҲ͵͵ȥģнȥģˣҲΪ£˱˴˵ĺЩպҴңȫͷϵġ
¶Ϊ֮ɫ׵Ļҿԡ

֣ĻÿҵĴսҪǽЩ˽ȥ׽Щˣѡ㣬һȥ˵Ϊ£λ㵽ͷϣҹְܲҾ£ѾˣҲϣܹһңûҳŵҲûǽҲˡ
˼ΣͷңٶԱԺΣãҴӦǡ
ЦܹسŵʵǲгһǱ
֮⣬ǲسŵҶ̸Ҿֱӳˡ
һĨźһߵͷףס
ǳǳص
æӹһûСĳǳأϻǿǷǳȫǹǶһһ⵹еǳοʮǳȷʵǳг⡣
ͻȻһôʮǳأ
Цټöߵǳأǵ޺
޺Ǻʴ

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̾Ҳûа취ټõ߾໥ǵĹϣܹõ޺ǲͳһ
úǲˬȻϣ޺ƣټþܹǵĻ֮УǴھԵơ
ֵģǻὫ޺һó׵˿ʱҪʲôһǳؿҲŷǳõĸۿڣһܾɡ
飬ҵδϵɷһ¡
УҾʧˡ
볯ԼйԱ֣Ȼȥˡ
ճúԺǰȺʹ졢նӢΧѯ̸е
ʵ֪ǡ
ʹǻӦô
յʷĻΪһ޺ʮǳô
ĳǳأǸʮǳдһģ˼ͷǳԣҪӦĻеĶ޺ڴƶԷǳҪ޶ԣսλȻҲҪʵǳ⣬ƳҪȡлûصģңƾѾ˵أΪǰټͨ߾Ҫͨ
ӢҾûǸ̫һ㣬ʲôǷŶôá
պǺЦҲҲûа취ôؼ߾ԨĵǷɢôҪԸǷǳѵģҸɴһеأǶһĻҲǳ㡣
ܽ˵һ仧᲻úײסǣ


1715 ׬Ǯ
ǻ˵ʱ򣬺ջûжôãϾʱͿĻ־ǾƳĵģʵҲ⽫ҲˣǴһʱһʱҶԣԨĵ㵽ɽȥ뿪֮ʱʱɧһ£鷳¡
Ҫ֪Щǿ϶ͶƵģȻҲйԹϾҲôõھӣһֱǹޣԵĻǵȻѡͶޣǴơ
޵Ҳڴ⣬һļϡ
ôվ˳ˮۣЩ˶ȥ޴ţϹڣҪвסĻǾͿսʲôλս߾ɽλսʵ˷ʤҲλսƻ޵ĻҪһЩոЩǳأҪϣʹЩȥЩǳأϾЩǳرǵĵ̣ȥҲйУɽţǶôѽ
ٽסǼ꣬ȵͳΣȻЩΪɣȥʰޣ齱˺˯վǴȽЩǳطޣʱȡ
ǧ͵ĶǾǴжԵģӲ⡣
Ǳܹµյ˼ΪҲûнʴҲûпǶãʵѿǣյ˼ǳԣ㲻ҪͳͳҪԭ߾ͰټռĳǳأƾѾס޺ûѡģûл۵أҲʹӦ
̸֮󣬽ľͺ˵ˣջҪ޷֧ԮʮʯݡҲʹĴӦƾȫԼʮǳأҲǺķѲݣǳضˣΪѽ
޷󣬺վʹʹţνι滮ȵȡ
ƽ˶֮󣬾ͲȡһСģʽνСǹСȨСΨһĸɵ£ƶصǼǡ
ˣȫȥ
ʵҲûа취£ֻˣܣҲ֪զܣȷʵҲҪΪսĹУͽԭټսˣ߾˿˴֮ࡣ
Сܽʡ֧
ǾȨǷֿģվöºԪһԪһ񰲾ֳģһҪ񰲾֣άΰ·ǳϽѵľӶѵأͳأ¾ͻ
⣬óβôߣҲһ򣬶ڳ棬ֽ龡һЩߣмҵȳΪ߾˶ūԭȥˣʴŮǷǳģÿս´ƬŮˣҲȨγҪԭ֮һԭʿַǳ㣬ǿùʵˣùʣǵĻбϣȻƥ򣬵ϾԭĻ̶Ҳʿ߶ˣҪԭͱȽѣõùֲǵģõģʵҲһںϡ
ɼҵҲܹĴȥҡ
գԪܡǮ󷽡ļסֵһյʱ칫
飬ʷ
ΪʹҲڣʴǮǻƺΪ顣
£ȻʵѾأ
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ʢվ飬Ǿ̫һ㣬Ǹ߾Ǽ󣬳Ԫ⣬Ƕ𣬿ԪڰټѾ˲ٿˡ
У͸һ˿
ʱû뵽֣ҲģҿԭΪȱģͳν׼УǱ붼ͦģǿ̫ˣ
ԪɫҲ͸ƣԪҲ̲Ǽˡ
յͷǶ˽ҵģǳұ۸񣬾ֵ֤ôǮҿԽ
Ǯ󷽵ǺľѧҲᵽһ㣬мУֵôǮ𰡣
벻鰡պǺЦ
鿴Ĳ࣬Ǻ飬һҲû¡Ǯһĵ
ûҡҡͷʵҲû֪𡣡
һ˶ʱһ±ƣǳҪŪô
ЦǲҪᣬҲǳŪǣʵǲ𣬶Ѿ˲ǮɽͷûǸأⶼҪʱȥرģڶֻ˵ͶôǮӪʱ϶̷û㹻ʽ𲹳ǻشΣ
ԣü˼
ʱǵȻǹ⣬ƾذǰλɽͷǰûԭǲܵģ̵סʼͶʣ˵˺󣬵ˣǵҪʽȥת
ЩȻѣʼðͶһЩˡ
飬ڸô죿
һ˷׷׿źա
ЦҴģôܿǻƬϡءرȽǿرȴǳ죬Ϊԭú̿ȵȿ󶼷ǳĽ׶ΣǶҪ㹻ʽתǼϣܹͶʣĻ˶ܴзһҲɽź͹мŲڣΪҪЩ˻عڣҪǵĻȻȻܹлʽ𡣡
ֵȻ뵽ˣΪβȸǡ
ʹҲһɻĿźա
ʲôЦһǣǻʳô㲻ôôͷöһ˵˵ʲôƨ֪ǻôͣɽͷָģ·ҪһЩңʱǱô࣬ǻҵôָҵǵĲ·
ֶʱһΡ
һֵҪסôһƬأҪĳԣǿ϶Բµģʴ˱Ҫʵͷ໥ڴӹһЩͶʡҪҶãһ˺ãҸ˵˺ܶˣһδǰҾһֱڰǣԽãҷ¥͸ã¼ֻʣһˣô˾Զˡ
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Щ˶ȥ֮ʹҡͷЦһеѧ
ȻѾʮˣ˵Եյʦһ͵ˣɲ̫ѧϰʹСǫѧͳϵԣյһϵһȫµϵʹҲ棬ȻҲǺգϾ߶ǺսģΪطԱѧϰҲӦġ
ЦЦǴѧʲôöȥߡ
϶棬ֵѾָȻźѩǽأ˴ҴңǿɲǰڼΪǵʳѾԨĸˣǵŬɻзԡ
Ȼ˭Ҳûע⵽գҲû˭մкڸ߾ûУһΪ֪ԼЩʲô˶ע⵽ãǧȴѧڻ֮󣬸뿪ˡ
磬磬԰ô
·һСʱֻһĽкǰװ׵һֵӰڳź֡
ܵܡ
ڵҰӵ꣬ȫģ֮⣬Ҿһ¥
һս¥ʳҵԶǻָ죬󲿷ְնԲ𣬵ˣԼǴ˶óԷ¥͸Ӳö˵Ů̫࣬йӦ
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ʹǶףʹ¡ʵôҪԨƽһкۼĨȥԨĵլԺǰƽȨģվҪΪ۵ĵط׵߸󣬻ԨӵһЩլԺ׼˾סѧԺҲãԣǾټΪլԺ
ԨھĴӪնˣٽ⻹ܴ̼ҵǲ£ҲøǷԣҵǸɡ
ĸ
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պǺһЦָʹȥȺİӣŽֵȥ
ʹһ߳ţһ߸п飬˵ĳƽ˲࣬һǰҲսҵǴδ㣬ָô죬ĳ簡
֮սôܹڽڵİӣָٶʵЩ죬Ļ϶
ԭֻһġ
һѻƽڵʳˣֽˡץˣʣЩˣֻʵʵ߾ܼ򵥣Щս߾ѫǸץҪǽǶ˳ˣǶһƽ֮·һߵס
ʱƽ˶ҲǽеĺңЩ˶֪ǿ϶ٻȥˣֲ̫ˣǲĲЩ߾ľɹ塣
㲻ֺܹգտûôɣֻϣҳЩ̿͵൳ԼҪôݣΨһ£ǰǽʳ
հڰֵʷˣʵʲôûӵҲСֿģԼģ£ͲһԸ£ŻйӦû׬ǮĻѺҲģֻҪһȫĻֻҪٸһ㣬úָܹܿ
ʹͷֵ֪пǹ˰飿ɲʵоơ
һ˾ôأ󲿷˶޵ߣҪƵĻͻ粻ա
΢һ˰õȵԺ˵Ϊ˰϶ǵҪΪǽԣˡЩͶôǮûлأǿ϶òʲôǮʱҪǽ˰ɱȡѡ
ĿĪפľӣδһפݣҶѾ㱸ˣټϻûȥЩʱԸפʹãȵ֮ʱӦÿԸ㡣ٸľѣɵľʣȥЩˣ⣬ЩԹլԺЩܹǣȡٸҪľѣȵȶҲſٸҪľѣʱٸ̸˰յ⣬Ǿ͸̸ˡ
ʹüͷһ壬ðһ䣬߾ͰټõĹⲻǶںô
ղûǮǮΪƹŲȨһңӶ˺ܶƲںǺնԴȴֲֻᣬʹ쵱Ȼỳɺջ᲻б˽ҡ
赭дǮʿģԼΪѧԺģֻҲñ
ʹԵͷȻղᣬʵն֪Ū˶ǮΪյǼǵĿǿҲǳŵЩǮֻҰʱܣջǻᷢǵģȻĻЩҲӦ


1716 ս
Ȼ߾ѾڻָˣǳʱȴϾף߾ƺһǣҶţòöެսǳ͢䶼۴¡
ެ壬ȷʵ˲˵Ĳ䵱ʱĻ̵̻ģڻˣǵȻñެ
ʱˡ
Ԫ˧ˣľ͸Ӱˣ֪ެǴ򲻽ެսҲԽԽ
δսɣɣȥΪǶ֪һο϶ѯܾܿʹʹ¶ģʴ߶˵
Ϻ꣬߶Ӧţûб¶Լ˼
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ǰ֣ۿʪˣ˾ΪҴƶְ֣˸߾ԭӵܣѩޣǸм˾һ񡣡
˵ţһ
ǣʵ۱Ӧ໹ģߵλ໹ûôǴԪʼűøʵ۵ļūһΪԪͳζһȺäåﶮʲôǣǱҲǼͳΣǵļūο࣬ҵǣ̳Ԫơ
ңҡ
ϻ̳Ͽ֣һҾأûнײڵذϡ
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ǳǫ£ʵܹ߾Ҿӹ顢սǲʹΰǣսԻʤ
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ֽüƽĹ̸Σնûйƽô˴γ϶ǲܴﵽĿġ
һ˵Ϊʱ˵ģȻʱ㹻ɻȥ֧ԮնǷǳеģϱ
θû뵽ϣòЦ˾սúյⰲʹһѽ˵ţͻȻ̾˿ϧδܹ˺üЩûᣬΪ˾
æвô˵ʵҲϳϳʱӦѱµģΪҾ񾡳ެпܻգңϧϳһֻŹ߾ȴެϳ
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εͷֽеļıȻ̾ϧ޵ʱɳؾЩͷɱмҪ֮أԼ¹Ȼ¶ѾެռȥҲԸʺ͸档
ʵѾ֪ˣ˵ֿסެԴҲе˼飬֮ʣҲܹΣʱûһͳ˧ڣεȻѡصĲԣһȥ̴öѪ޹ݡ
ʵ˾գзΪɣС¬齨ެ̸УݱΤةȴެһʱҲò⣬֪˾ô
̵£ϳһϳެϳԵǰȥǳ񣬷ϳóģӦöο¬顢ΤةǵĽ顣
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ңո߾ϽγެȨһֱһҪެˣɾĹͣλǷͲˣΨһĳ·ǻۼʴ߾ĹͶƵանϣ⹦ʵû̫壬Ѿλ˳ʵ͵ȻĻǱţûˣ߾Ҳֻһ롣
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Цǰô˵ΪΪ¹شһ˾յ˼˾Ҳûб̬檲ŸҽԼ뷨˵£檻ȣ檵ĿˣǾòףǾ͵û˵
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Ϊա˶ȥˣһзչȫͣȥģ򣬶յ÷ǳѣΪԼսսĽȴǻԼôǱؽֻΪԼսʱֻֽ֮С
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ЩҪգΪƻǺնġ
̾˵òգ»ú


1717 ٻؾ
ʵһۣǷǳȷģսɲǴܶŹôսغÿһգͳΪԼ棬еİȥͳ߾һ˵ֻʵҲãڷ⽨£ͳնǷǳģ㱩ңҾͱƷ㡣
ʵսֻԭ򣬱ԼӶ档ȻƳҪެǷǳǳѵģҪ֪ެţƳެѾ¹Ȼ룬ͳԭɼľǷǳǿģڱսĻެǿ͸սʱڵһعռƣҪԹҲ£ҲֻŪơ
»޿ɲģֻһѣ»һۣެ˭ҳҪȾͽˡ
ôȥĻһ壬ԭҲԲΪһԭ˾֮أôĴۣԾͲ㡣
ʴȰ˵£¶ͣսӱϾܵԣҲǺںЩ֪װٻӡ
ʱмҲ˳һտʼмæոա٣ûλ㱨ѩսͣЪм͸Ͻλ㱨
οһ֮󣬲ɫȻ¶֮ɫ
мõ£ΣϣԶõʬ˻ؼ簲ᡣ
֪ԭþⳡսѳҪ֪ǰǶ׼볤޼ǷйᣬǺݺһϣ˵˼췴˼Ϊ˹Ҫˣõ֤
ǻġ
֮⣬м󻹽ެͣݱ˵һģһٴȥȻĻչͣͣڵˡ
ԼĹͣ赭дһʴ˵ոաٵȵء
мͳ˧ر볤ǳԶʵԽ˹ԼȨ͵λȴݱһݱµıͶûȥ
ɼмǷǳڴƵġ
ǳжһ棬Ƿ˲ٴȴǹ¤ŵĳԱֲ˹¹ȻҲԳﶥţЩˣƶڴƽǳ
ξмţҪǿʵҪҲǸǿģ˵мı˼ѳģҲȥѳ
ڷǳƣֻһִԱҪİ壬
ǾǳӣȻǾ仰ô˵ţʥﵱ
Ҳε˼βҪҲҪǣֻڰʾǣⳤ޼ıһ͵ΪֹɣҪټ׷ȥʣµЩ˶ޣڴƵġ
ǱʵҲòˣɱöѾɱˣŵģҪѾһֻҲˣҪδɵСޣƲʲô
мһţõѳʵҲ棬޼ѾΪȥ
׷Ϊݴʷ磬ҸһƷԱ񣬻ָԶǵĹְһͬʱҲмһţڳҪѰͣս
ⳡսެģôϴ
Ҳ֪»޿϶ǲϴģΪެʼգδսҲûȥǴެǾİն֪Ƴڸެ»ϴˣǲͳެսҲ˵ϲϺսǷǳɳܵģƶ߾һǰսˡ
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»޾͸ϽǲʹƵǸ˵¡ðεҼලԴƱµΣ֮ࡣ
ζֻ΢һۣ»ҲˣǸϽ˴ŸգϽ㶨Ǳߣ»̸У˳ʰ̯ӡ

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ʲô˵ֹެĴ
ŴϢ͵һ
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ã
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Ȼܿ죬εگʹƽúٻȥ׼»̸С
ʱѾǳʱ֣յҲ඼ˣöѾˣƽ˶Ҳβڽӵگ֮󣬾̺ԪյˣСҰܵܣԼѧԺѧԺһ̻س
ЩձĴ󳼡ѫǣ϶ҪǨԭģҲԸ⣬ΪҲ֪߾İѾݲǣѾˣڸ߾Ǹ߾տ϶룬ҵٱ㣬Ҫٻ϶ᱨǵģ˫϶ֻȥЩѫ󡢴ѾûʲôҪ϶䡣ڸ߲ôЩҪˣ¼ҹһﻹȥԭ帣ˣЩĹ⣬ͳͳնѺͻؾ
ʹ졢¡Ԫһƽأ⣬ջص֮󣬻֣ʹǡ
һ·ϺǴ£ͣ㡣صվؼҵĹûУڱžֱӱŵʤסȻֱק빬ȥ⼸տǿ˼ŵʤڱźźա
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ǵʱʱ򣬶ڴɼжϡ
䣬񡣡
οҲЩۣϽ£˱裬ģȷʵҲˣŲΣһͳԣһĵĵȴ
ȵճԵòˣβŵҹ̵ĸ·һǳƣɡ
ⲻƨôհһ䣬ȴαΪ·ǣǳı֣ۡ
޵ģĺܡ
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ոϽи£ֺһڲ裬΢ףʴ΢ҹ̵ĸ˻
ƻзǳҪһҲ¸ˣҪȥҲǼΪġ
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յΪ¾ǳӢ΢ʼΪެȫ濪ս֮٣Ϊެڸԭ֮ϣǵطͲ˾ӣҲ˵ެúķѾ޴ĲǴˣҲûԭԸǰĻެܿͻҸȼ˵ެ壬񹲷ߣެսֻһܾˣͼҲûκ塣
ҪһһĹңʵһǳѵ£ҪûãҶᱻϿ壬ެսôֻʣսΪ׶ެȫսҪ֪»޴ɱûѰ˼ű
εͷҲãެʶôǺã
ָǺԴɣ
š
յȻʾެսôެ϶ҪغԴҲ̸еص㣬ǳ˼ǣ»޼Ļ֮УǲܵģʿʱǴƵı߾һضġ
¹Ȼ붼ûʲôˣҲ㳲¹ȻȫҪƵıʵǴƵһ֮ûн¹Ȼ볹£ǲެֱӳͻһô¹Ȼı߽統ȻҲǴƵı߽硣
ε»޲Ӧأ
յ£΢鲻Ϊȥֻܾˣ˭ûкôһĲ죬ǽսԴެգެͻռ¹Ȼ롣ǲ򣬶Ǻ´̣ެͱˣôֻǼȥȻҴش΢֤ڴ֮ǰެһڷĹġȻ»һˣҲ»޻ԸļһѸĵ·
˵úã޹Ȼûѡˡ÷ǳģ⻰̫ʿˣһǲ򣬶ֲԸ⽫ԴެǿأֻΪ̫ˣʴϣܹȲսֲԴøެյĴ𸴣⣬ʵָδأ


1718 Ͳ
յȻ֪֮²⣬ҲɽҪǴã鷳ģü£ЩѰ졣
̾ʵ»޶ٴȥʴǰδȥ»̸УϾԶڸ߾ظϣҲͦ׵ģ޼ҪΪ֮£ΪһĻֻܻҵľ棬ԭӦñ޻ףƻʱģʴҲֻܽٻ
ףʴ˳·ϣ˼¡
뵽취
յ£ǵ¼ҲǷǳж͢Բܲǡ
ε޵Ȼ֪ȻҲἱŰл˵üͷ΢΢һ壬ѵó͢Ǯǣ
ⲻС
չϵҡҡͷһû˭֪ǻ˶ǮôĻ϶ˮģԶ᲻ġ㽫һʱĿҲúü꣬ʱˡң˵ĻҪǱԼļ԰˰ɶ˰ǸԼµģսͻȻٸûǮȥӦԣҲӦվ
εͷ˵ô죿
յǼ㲻ԭ򣬽Ǯǡ
Ǯ
βüⲻ̫ðɣǸողž˲Ǯ˳͢ɹѹأսոս͢ȴֻԸǮǣǰǣ˾ó͢ڹӲš
Է޳Ǯ㣬㷴ȴǮԷƺЩ˵ȥ
Ц£޳Ҹ꣬ĻڣǮˣʵ͵ڸһǮΪǮܹǮģǿ˵ޱ⣬͢ԳǮǵƷǮͶ·ţѧԺԡһ˾ʽ⣬˿ͻôǾͱ£Ļָܹܿġ
΢ʼջǲ޳ɳֱ͢ӷҪĻʲôìܣһãìܺпܻἤòʧʴˣ£ɹעʽУԽе壬ǮİգǶɹѹء
εΪ͢óǮأ
յõ΢Ūܹȷ΢ҲҪʮᡣ
ԵͷǮڽɽֵ̫ˣҸ߾Ǳ߶ûгǮǽ裬Ǹ
ϸһ£βΪǷǳģǱ߶ڶŵУһգ˵ܻǹ߻𣬵ʱֵÿս
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ν˲ã˲ɣз棬ҲֻգǱߣ¶㱨һҲǺܶʲôõĽ顣Ҳ鷳뵽ʱøҪۣ
΢
չֵ
ҿڣĻ޻治֪ô졣뺫̸֮ǳһѽʵ߾Ǳߵô
յ߾ͰټõĴ󲿷ֵѾæŴͻкܶģ磬ԱĵɣԼ
β˵꣬͵ͺãʣЩ£ǵ˵ɡ
ĳ˵ⲻսһսξ֮Ȼһˡֵ֪϶Ǻ۵ģ˶ţǰĻվȥɡ
΢
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ҡҡͷ˵룬Ӧ˵ק˼ҵʤҲͦ׵ģǾͱһƽˡ
µҲŲһƽϣҪƽҲǸ¼ƽϡ
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ǫ˹СһѺٶѣٴĹҲ
ĪҪǫˣɶЩ¼ѾڳˣϷѾ꣬Ϊ˾Т̩ƽǣЩɹˣЩѾĽ޲һεĺ޲ڣ˵ÿشֺ֧֣Ҿս޲ʤ
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ֻǺǺЦ˼ʵΪ°ɡ
յͷС͵ǰ¹Ȼ»̸С
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ȻõŸջôҲϢգҲǲˣҵȥұ˵˵һǮٺ»ûҪɵȴǱ˭̫࣬ƽˡ
̾˰Թмʵۻ˵ģȥұ˵ûݵ䣬վסŰ
³ü⵹Ҳǡ
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񾯸ĿǷһֻۣǾ䣬һĿǼһ㣬ôţҲûа취ҲӦҪһ±¡
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εҡҡͷȷʵûа취ֳźյȻˣЩȥϢɡ
ǡ
򸾶еһȻȥˡ

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ոջصڣձȲĽ±ڻ
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ûȻǼٵģҲš
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ĵİһۣͻȻ˫֣§סյĲǰĽ֮⣬ԼʵѾǳˣԭһԱ÷ȥѺеǳھãʵã㵱һѺ٣ҲЩ󽫾Ǹȥˣ»ȡһСĹ٣Ĺ͡
պǺǵǲͦݷҰ
ֱͷֵСҲͦΪģһĺһ̶ҶԣǷǳԲ
ƵΪ
һȻѽıҴڵģҵͽܣҲҵĵܵܣӮˣ͵ҴӮˡ˵ţͻȻգգۣҪ»أҲһȥ˽Ͷռˣ˾˼ؼꡣ
㻹ʲô˵չһЦ촽һ£ȻתƻˣҶأ
µѾ˯ˣҪҪȥ
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һЩ˸УֻǷ࣬ڴ¶ӵСۿ΢΢Щʪµ֣æЩ£Ҿȥ٣úڼǡ
һЦΪ»ôڿ벻ѽ
ЦЦԶ벻㰡
һЦ֪˵


1719 
С֮󣬺ȥԡ˸裬·ǳİѾȥһ֪Ǻϲģֻûԣһ£ûȥ
ںնԣĪĶѽ̫Ҫһ̣ˬúֱľͰ˯ˣѾţŽѡ
صڣ§ڴϣźһĳɳûĶã˯˹ȥֲˣҹ̸˻ȷʵǳƣֻø·ҵ϶ǲܵġ
շʱ֣վͳˣûʱȥԪĵѩһ棬һҲûдСҰһȥΪҲСҰܵģλһ֧רűҲפӣȫûʲô⡣
Һֻȥ¹Ȼ룬볤ҲûжԶҪȥ󶼻ȻĻյ廹治һܵˡ
գ¹Ȼ뾳ڣȥǿһˣȫһŮźӣţ򣬻֡
ûа취˶ǰߴţЩŮ׶ҪƳڣǺסެҴˣֻصԼļ԰ڹŴһ֮ڴ˴ʹһꡣ
ΪʲôռŸԭ
еգԴ
ԳߣԼ뻯һ¹ȻĽ죬׷׳ӪʣӭӺա
ռŮ
뻯ǰһڣҺջǴʹк뻯ͻЩףóƺŮղ뻯òȴǸʤǰֻһɶأǻʺ˵øֱһ㣬һڼӵĸˣŮһ棬վӢˬԿ˵¹ȻΪһ羰
뻯æ񡣡ϲ֮ɫԼ飬ˡ
ЦŮˣʵҵ
뻯һ㶣أҵô
յҿɲѩ̿ģֻģŮǽüŮڴˣ벻¹Ȼ붼ӡ
뻯һЦΣޣˣ⻹öԴʷͶλĻ밡
ߡԳƾҲ׷׳ȭ
մһˣЦЦλȻˡ
æлģ¹δɱ½ʵԱµΡ
ЦѽǶ߽Ƶ˰ı߽磬ȷ½ǵЩ룬һġ

ǵĹЦ
Щˣ˼䣬Ȼ뻯һͬǱȥ
ڣϯ뻯м䣬ƾұߣ¹ȻĽߡ
ЦŮʧ֪Ǹѽ
뻯˻
ЦǺǵ»޴˴γһ¹Ȼģû뵽ȴԴҺܺ棬ΪʲôõʱȻûƣһ֮ڴʱ⣬ɱ˷ˡ
򵥵һ仰ϲ⣬ѣӯ
ʵѩ˫Ѿûٴȥ˼ʿҲûʲôʿ˫ȴפֶŵ״̬뻯ŮȥҲԸΪԴرǵģֻϻر»޸ȥˣָˣ¶Ըٽóȥ
ͬʱҲǳģΪع˭ֲôެյһ仰ǳ׷
뻯æԶԶԣ˵üǣұȥѾˡ
㳲ʿ
ţҲԣʱǷ͵ǮʡˣŮӢ䣬
뻯£漴׹ʱڷһЦǵŮ˺һۣСŮ̬
մӲԼһȣŮΣÿЦĻǵÿ
Ҷ⣬ǳģǴ˴㳲ﻹͣסԼ㣬⻰˼޷ǾǽԴָ¹Ȼİգһֵÿĵ¡
뻯ֵźǸոմɶϻģ
յͷ
֪Ǳ߿ɻ˳
е䣬öá赭д˵
뻯ЦǺñ£κ£
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˵˵ţǶմȥˣ̸£̸һ㣬˵ϰ죬뻯֪ʱȥ»̸У
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ҴӲЩհڰֵ֣Ҿ»ޣɱүүֻˡ
¹ȻЩǳݵĿźա
ǶѾ»޸ˣҪǴƣ֪˶ٻأȻҲǱƸģǺյ赭дɸǳһŶ裬Ҫ£ؾǵģǸϽ
뻯ҲЦŵͷ
ԭһȽ飬ǺƫƫŪøоƵãŪú뻯֪ô˵ˡ
֮Цϡ
뻯̸֮߾͸ȥȥ֪ͨ»ޡԳźƾľӪӲ죬쵼ˣܵȥʿǹúòá
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ϽɿȼԳɱ˵
նЦǺ£һֱֺأĳһ仰͸˳ȥɡ
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յҲҪףˣҲִУΪ͢г͢Ĵ㣬ôΪҺãЩʱһգһء˵֮ô˵ΪҵǷڴƳģΪӦʱ̱ž֮ģô̵׼ǵְ𣬶Ҳ̸Ŀԣսδ
¹סԳȭ
ͻȻԳûӢۣǲǸеʧ
Գһ㶣͸һ˿ƣô֪ġ
Ǳô֪ġյǼѾȥˣҲֹͣټ׷飬ʴҪס򲻵ѵʱ򣬲Ҫǵֻһ˻еģǾ»ޣ»޿ģҾͲ̫ġ
Գͬʱ˵ͷ


ǿԵĻϷ治СӼ档
»ڽӵƾ֪֮ͨ󣬲ɵ̾˿
յףѡϻ̸еĵطǲҪ𰡣
»ްڰֵΪʲôѡ̸УΪǺԴĽأҪңԴǾͲҪˣ˳㻹һϷ򡣡
պߵд̸Ҫ̸ģƾʲô˵㣬б£Ǿͼȥ
»üɫ͸һ˿


1720 һ׮
ȻҪ̸ҺҲѾˣ˫뾡л̸㽫ˣϾפҪǮģϿɲڱ
Ȼ̸еĵص㻹ϵص㣬˷ǰ
뵱»޻ʱ¹Ȼŵ²ຣǰޣĻ˶Ѿˣŵ²Ǻ뻯뻯δϾŮ»޵ݲԵȣֻɳຣɱ޵ĵľ
ΨһľǺ»ޡ
ղأǾ壬ɣպĽѽ
ϣĪҪȡЦ࣬ǴǰĽİ
һ棬ľͬδĺѣԵ÷ǳĵǼҳ̣⡣

ͻȻ̾˿౾һʣƫƫÿؼ棬ΪһЩɨµ£˺źϣгһգܹԶķ׷ţúý̸һ
˭˵ˣд뷨»˵Ҳ̾˿ֻϧᣬԹҪ⣬Ҳ£Ը뺫һͬŬǵĶԹ
ֻϺ꣡հһ䣬ȴҪˣٺòˡ
һս»ģ赭дһ仰һսھӼҵ£Ʋһɶ
ҲϺ֮⣬ֱӶϣ˫̨õķʽǸѰôˣȥ
һţһôʣǶǲм䣬¹ȻຣĴߣϯ֪ʲô»ޱʾԼ֤ˣսķˡ»Ȼżҳ̵ģкǴȥˡ
˶֮»һҲˣʲôģ͵˵ɣȡջعƽҪˡ
ľָ¹ȻĽϽģǳຣһֱĽϵĶ飬ΪĽݼغԴ޴ɱֻΪǳຣ¶ԴǷǳ߿ҵɱΪǵȱӵΪû뵽ȴӵһŮΪҽ֮ȫȥͼ̲¹ȻĴúɽ٣ҳຣͰǼӦҪָ¹Ȼյٹ⡣
¹Ȼ󳼣öһ±ƣôͱǵ¹Ȼˡ
ⲻҪģҼˣδ޳֮ˡ޿̵
ľһ¹Ȼİգ˭޳ܣΪѩޣȴ¹ȻĴúɽڴƣ¹Ȼǧˡ
¹Ȼ뱾ǴƵԳңɱפ߽磬¹ȻָԮǳຣأ֪Ϊެųຣİȥ˵Ļģ㲻ެһǰ£㻹ʲô
㵨ң
ľһӣŭ
ҲվȱСˣ˵ö֮㻹Ǳ㡣
˼һ⺺٣ΪóǮ˶ԭĸ̣㲻Ẻûԭ˴򽻵¹Ȼ»˵
»΢΢һƳԵĺգأԱĿûпڵĴ㣬ǵǸʲôûн뺫ҪǾȥսϴ򣬴˵̸еĵطǺ¶֮ء¡
ľ
»յ飬ԭĻ˵Ѷϼ£㿴Ǻð
ϺϺ꣬һѶϼ£ͱ¹Ȼڲļ£˵ǡҲҵ÷ǳຣɱŵ²Ǻľɱ˰ޣȷʵΪŵ²ѩޣ˵ӵĽϵģ˭ӵ뻯ҾҪӭĽݼҡ
ôһʦһ¹Ȼ壬һߡ
շǳ»ޣɶóֻĴָҲǳεҲ֪
ذϹȵ¹Ȼ֮ԷެҲвжΣǶλల£ܼ򵥣ެƶ˳ӭĽϡ
»޵տڲԣֻ΢΢ۺա
ҪǴӦĻԾ޳ɣûдƵİͳຣľҪǿں뻯һΪ¹Ȼ궼ڸ㷢չߵòһ·
ͬ¹ȻһӣôǾ¹Ȼ黹Դ˿գĵЩųҲʣϹб¾ȥԭתתҪǲŽжˡ»޵࣬Ȼ˼ҶϲҲﰭˣȥߣɡ
»£漴ͷҲãҲá
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ͬʱ»뺫ɹ⣬ڲݵϣС
Ź˴γɶһ˸߾˿ϲɺ֮£ǵѾǲʹȥƱµء»޷ǳΥĵ˵
ˡ
˵ҡҡͷʵҴֺ󶯸ɸ꣬ʵǸ߾Զţ޳һףһף۸ҴƵޣҴƻǼλᣬǺϧһǴ޿̣žҪǾȡ
ǣǡ»޵ȻںɳӰ£Ϊެȸ߾ӾеƣƳ߾ҶʮĹҪެĻҲ˵ܲܳɹɹûʮ꣬ʲô̸ʴƳެԼǴڹƣֻûеóѶѡ
ͻȻެĺţǳζǿԵĻܷŪһͷţҳʡ
»㶣æ̫ˣ黹ģҵȻͷԸȥţһЩţ
ллչֵ֣֪ƽʱʲôã
ͣﻹʲôã޷Ҳǿ顣
಻Ϊһ˽ܣҾͲУƽҪ飬еʱ򣬾ϲ޹ʲô
»ЦŵͷɼԽԽԶڸɣû飬ʵ֪ڴкο
յ˵ﻰҾõľ˵öеǱһˣ˻治ò֣ԼȥɣĿģҲǱǱֻҪԸһж˵
»޵̸ܹ״£ٺòˣҪ̸ܹ£Ҳֵ־棬⻹ôֹ
յ¹ȻҴƵֱ⣬Ҫ˵Ǻá
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Цû£ǺȥͷԼҴެֲܵʲôӰ죬͵֪ۣǲŻ֪òãһʣɻûдϥ̸⼸տ㡣
»޾ûмôεʹ㲻̸ĻɾԼǱֵ̫У⺫յĽߣ̸УҪסҲöԣǾͻɰɡ


1721 սµĺƽ
ϴɣǾͲ̸һ泳̸֣´£ʵøûʲôʮ˴ѹȥˣųžͲɢˣҲעĽ֡
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һΣһʵǵľ̫ĻҲŲǷϻú鿴Ц
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ҡͷΪء
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Ŀźա
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صӪ뻯͸Ͻѯʣ˵һ磬ʱһ±ơ
ЦŮҪеȣáǴ˴̸еɣ˴̸мȻáпʼһҲáнʴŮҪԴ̫ߵڴ
뻯˻
ɫ»¹ȻڲΪԼѣǲڲĻôǾռ˶ԷǱҪ¹Ȼļ£ôԴ˭ܶɡǲóȥԷҲʹЭ϶ҪغԴǣȥֶܲˣôֻܻ
뻯ƵȥʱǸͷѽ
յԷĻԶȥġ
ôȥ
ЦҲܱȼȥҪã໥ʵҲǸҴƺެһ̨¡ެĻͳຣ϶ԼެˣͬԣҴƷĻҲô롣õİ취Ǵެ棬ͽһ£ѾռһأνǷȥ
뻯Ļսܻܿ
̾ܣҲûа취£ûкõĻᣬެٷôսֻСģɧһ£ǴҲפɧŵ¹Ȼİա
뻯εĵͷ
еΣʵÿ˶÷ǳΡ
̲ެެҲʧȥѽᣬٴȥҲֻܾˣެƿûʲôޣսıöǹ棬ȥָԷ»޻ҲҲսƾҰȫһ㣬¶ġ
ȻͼǻʲôҲ򣬵˭ҲòģΪöԼĴ˸ֻܻһַʽڶҲãҲãҲãսһֶζУȵʱ죬һ¡
ڶգջ潫ʹȥˣ»ںӱߵ㣬ϥ̸̸̸̸̸룬̸ǷǳͶ룬Ƿ£ҲûĲɣ˵̸Ͼ࣬еǻġǳ췭ظ󣬵ľֱսвҪƷ뻯Ȩ
ҲֵķǳǿӲϴ棬ϴҲ棬սͿս˭˭ѽ
գľ濪ʼϲӡҲԱ
ʼգպ»޶Ǳտڲԣ˼ҵ£²ؼ߸߹𣬵ûĵͷսʹ
ʴˣһ̸зǳ֮죬ǴҶûϵģʵ˵̸С
գ»Լ㡣

»ֱ̾飬ΪԼȥɣ಻ˣͻȥˡ
հһ뵽һȥˣѶϼ£ұǳľƣҲˣһøȥǱ߿
»޷·ȻʲôƵã˵൹뺫̸̸֮£Ҳǹ³ǵڴ䣬¹¡¶һʱ嶯Ҫһƽϣٸһλᡣ
շǳȻ㶼ˣǵȻøһӣû⡣
лл
лͲˣͼͷţˡ
ˣˣţѾ·ϡ
̫лˡ
⼸仰֮¸̸ˣʵ¡¶Ŀǰڵĵطڸԭ֮ϣ¶ǰģǸެָɽƳҪԴ򣬿Ǵ֮»ٿսƳެֱӶˣҾͶûнˣΪڻģμҲֻܱܣֻܼͷǳΣաһ˫ãʴ˺մӦҲǳˬ졣
¹Ȼôƽţ˫ڵǲ캰ɱģʵȫúܣΪϴ粻ͷʹҪԼȥɣ϶򲻹Էġ
»꣬¹ȻǴãຣǱҪӭĽϣԺ뻯
̸йУຣδ˵ԼҪغԴǿԼҪӭĽϡ
ʵ»Ϊ»ؿս·ʡ
ԭҪƲԼΣû뵽ջ˳ˮۣ˵Ҳ̬Լʵϻ֧¹Ȼġղ̬»Ҳûа취ΪҲˣ»ҲȻǡ¡ҾͽʵˣڣǾͿ˳µ¹Ȼ룬ͿʱʲôʱҲຣһȻûҪغԴ»ܹ¹Ȼ̲
Ҳ˽»޵ΪˣһۣκԼԣһŷֻֽҪлᣬǻԥĿսģȻˣǩԼûʲô壬ʵսңҲҪôһأƳΪƳܱѾûʲôǿĵˣҪ̵Ļͻᱻˡ
ѵص㣬κսõһ¡
ΪһǾǷǳҪɲ֣㲻ڱ˼ҿսǾ͵ԼҿսڲҪƽҪչǶҲȫûսֻҪȫսССһ£ǷǳбҪģҪڲìܣתìܡ

հ뻯ӱɢ
¹ȻϼǷǳƯģƬϣ·ϣƬش֮ͣԸΥ˵ĵطͻǲɱġ
飬ެĴȻѾˣǳຣͰڶƣ˾úǲ
뻯ü΢壬ü͸һ˿ϣͣս鶼ûдɣ˫ս״̬һ̿սС
Цϰ߾ͺã
뻯Ц춼ŵڼǰкܹϰߡ
յ£ҧ˵Ĺ¶ݣԽǽеףԽ֤Ҳֻʣˣ¡ǰҲ˵ǴƻפίҾ±ƹаҽŶӣţŶӣһȷս𲻻˼¹Ȼɷġ
뻯еǳȣεľٶȻǽ¹Ȼ뻮Լ⣬һ£ȱԼǴӺյֱ÷ǳӣܿ׹ЦĪ
ЦŵͷֳȫǴûзڸԭսǵʿެôҲһ£ʴϣԭʿӦԭսȵެڲެŲȻެԶռȻлͿսûеó˻عھǣҲûа취
뻯Եͷﷴ̤ʵȻƾҪصĿľެôǿ϶
ֵ£ͽǣ㻹ǵýڷչ档㲻ȥָջΪӵսǷǳѵģӦðΪˡСսնһף˭ͳҲνܹǱøУôʱǿˣǾһսףΪսɡ
뻯ЦЩ˱˰ɡ
յͷ·ϣһרһ¹ȻķչǵضѾȶǵؾô࣬ôչȥҲָҪһŵҲ֪ë𣬲ëëȵȣҲ̺ž޴ĲƸ
뻯ǻú
һһ


1722 ǲ׼
»޳֮󣬺ա뻯Ҳûȥˡ
¹Ȼ볷Ǽ򵥣ʿϼոظңҸ裬Ƴıɢڸһ
һս¹Ȼԣʵ׬ãصģפƾެҲʧС뻯ڶģʱѾսβȻʱȥܸϴǾ÷棬δܵشһúԴ
ںտ¹ȻսյеȥȻʧСҲû취£ңһսƳ϶פƾҪԶԶ¹ȻľӣƳҪ̲¹Ȼ룬練ƣʵ˵ף˫һˣֻĿǰֹϵڵµľƣûбҪȥı䡣
ոź뻯һصຣǱߣǿûţӲ죬Ҫ̶
ս뻯ǲȡũιרӪľƶȣĿľǸϽָΪʱ¹Ȼ뱻һףѾȶҲִеķǳλնԼأ̷Ҫ뺫յļƻͬͲҪתΪֹģʽ
ţѾȺôëë޵Ӧˣԭǿʼԣ·ҲѾͨˣëԴӴ󶼻ֱԭëǳߣ¹Ȼë֯Ӱ쵽塣
Ѿ滮ƣôӦˣͲ˻顢϶ȵʺຣľ
ΪǺƺõģ߶ǷչƸƾյģҪģƿ϶ẫյյ㣬յʵоƣ϶кƻģֻǽЩ֪뻯ôʣôӪｨȵȡ
ȻڴˣΪ˰¹Ȼڵ˿ᣬʱѾȥЩ̸ຣ
ʵмǱ½ˣм˫ȫ֪ôȥչҲûެȥ˫Աȣ½½һЩ˻ȥȵѩֳһ󲿷ˣΪެǱʿڽĿԣıǰգְҵʿǸ÷ȥȥ
ȵ뻯̸Ĳ࣬Щ̣Ҳϵຣຣϣַ̱Ƿ
ˣ
أҼ顣

һЩ̷׷ǰÿ϶ſ֮ɫȫǸովһǮ
Ϊǵõĸֻ࣬Щۿġ
ӹ񣬲ԭͷһ˴ģĲս֮У䵱һյʤǲӮУڲľɹ׼ҲǴˣǮȻ˲٣Ϊ춨Ϊ׵Ļ
սϾ˵㡣
»޵ĸЩͼָͻ˶˳̴ˣЩ˵ȻǱ˸һˡ
Щ˿ɶҲûԭֱ΢̬ǹﻹҰް˼άʽʤΪǾ;ǴӮˣǾӦϴ󣬵֪Щظľɹ׼ǵУҪ͵ýЩ˶ɱˣʴսĺʵǳпģǰﹴᣬЩɹ壬ʱмйǣڶмһҲ̫
ҲΪʲôǵ񶼷ǳܣΪ˿ʼȻٸ˵ĹϵҲǷǳ΢ģƽȵ״̬ΪĽ׶Σξûи̫ƣǱҾУ򡢰͢˰Ҫɣ˰ĴǱǰͻʵƶȣϸһЩƶȣͻǷͻΪͻԼ˵㡣
Ľ˰󻧣϶ˣɹҪôˣҪôͱȥˣٸǿ϶Ҫǣʳĸѽҹĺãҵܱøá
˵ƶģƶϣ˲ŵԷչǽٸˣ͵ǷԼûйٸǾ͵ѡϴǾҪػƶȣʴҲǳعٸ໥أ˾ְڰ
ζԣνģΪһȺˣûͷģͷǴ󲿷Ҳģܼ򵥣Ǹָſԭгƣ˭ҪȥԭǲǴǵʳĸôǵȻӦ
һƶȵı棬ƶȶŪģµһ̣𿴺СЩںǾǷǳǳأĵأƿζûôء
ǻţǸеǳġ
أҵļ

ҽЦǺ졣
أЦǺǵкĸǶš
ǳǮֻôˣԼȥģʵڴ˴սеԺԲƣȫţսҲûյȥ
飬λô뺫СС
вŮò
ԣвŮòǶԵĺš
۵ļһһĽƨġ
뻯βѡ
Ǻȴ治ɫ֪ʱܹΣһ¹ȻŮվŵƬϵˡ˵ţ뻯Ůĵ̣ôҾԤġ
۵ļһæվǵǸ
뻯ˣ˵ʲôۺա
տһ治֪ôƵģһûУÿŮǼƽϣȻĻǾͽɡ
лŮлŮ
ָϽ뻯Ǹ
أǶһ͵ЦǵȻ֪յΪˣٶŭġ
ǻЦݻˡ
Щ뻯
뻯λ񣬸λˣԣд֮λ¡
ϾǴƹ󷽣Ƿû˵
򵥵һ仰Щ˶ں뻯øд
ȥߵһ棬¹Ȼȼٵģ⹬棬ຣľɫ۵ףҲûа취̫࣬ûô
뻯ҲǺþƺò˵дǣЩṆ̀ǹԱԱһζȡ˲һ˴ùϵ˼ҿԸģ¹ȻպҪҵȻܵǣҶú
ϯ֮󣬺ЦʵǴţ̸¡
䣬áۡһһǺ
ʶתĿȥֻĸƨļһȵǰˡ
أЦҰϵܣôأ
Ұε˵һЦȱƣѹѹƸո죬úôһ˵ָ˳
Цǻ봵ţУǾ˵˵ǵӢ¼ɡ
˭˼˵̱飬ǾǾһǮûɶɴģǻ̸°ɡ
һ˵̸£ȾƵʱٴɱ߶

һЦǿɶһЩˣ˵ǳ㡣
ðɣǾ̸¡
һ˵һεΪж˳Ұ⣬ڣжᣬǴƵҳϵ񣬻˵ܿԼûǮǲϣ͢һû£Բܿǡ
һü˷ܣĿֱһ̴ֵ̫ˣ춨˵ĵλһΪ򵥡
ĿһɨЦ˵ñջ˳ǲҰɡ
ͬʱһ㶣ǰҰΪڿЦģһǿɲңǿɶǷǳغ飬ǮҲԸģǿɴδó͢ǲϡ
Ҳ׷׵ͷ
׻˭˵
ܹ룬ұˡ˿ɫôģñջ˳


1723 Ǯ

ʱһļž
뻯Щ˸߲ҵˣȴһǳһ£ʮֻŴЦ
ǰҰ·ѾӲȳܹ˵飬㲻Цģ
ǡ
ҡҡͷһֲ㣬ҿЦ
Ϊʲôѽ
Ұһ˳
˵ҵġոæ
ҡҡ
ҰվڵУ֧֧ģѾ֪ԼҪ˵ʲôʵ޷⣬Ϊһ֧ǵģȴû뵽ջͱһ
أЦ⣬ĳ˻֣԰꣬Ȼֳźյ飬˴ξԸģҲûоͼܹ͢ǲмȷʵвˣԼеǮ˳ȥಿԪˣǳܹ͢һЩ֧֣ѩ̿Ҳмģ֪ΪҪԴ£
ҲǷ׷׵ͷĵߣ˵ϴӦðǲǡ
ΪûôǮ
ջشķǳɴֵ࣬µʱǸжĶʵǽǮǣǷǳģȣܽ͢ÿһǮ͢һͬʣǿ϶˲ˬˣǸˣҲ϶˲ˬ
ˣǮǣǷǳʵʣңֻӸӻǣʱ춼ų͢ǮΪ³ԼһˣҪģҪ⡣
⻰˵Ҷӷ֪֣֮ǮĻ˭ᳳ㲻ĻǲŻᳳ
أ뺫մ򽻵Ƚ϶࣬Ҳ֪࣬ղǲܣʵǲ֪кν飿
Ц뵱˶ֻһеĲƸָһ۾ܿ͸أȴв֧һ˹ģսѵΪ͢ǮôҲǵó͢ǮΪʲôΪǵǻۺڷܣټϳ͢ߣŻ˲ƸȥҪǮȥǮؤ͹Ա£Ϊ
˵ָָԴǿ׬Ǯģġ
أҵǲ֪͢к߰ǣ
յ
Ⱥս˵꣬Ұ㲻˵ûǮô
յҲ㣬ٶҲ٣ǽ㣬ͻԼ裬ǲҪٺܶࡣ
ǸӲˣǸжôڹӲţǵѽ
Ц֪еǳҲᣬǣ԰꣬˵ꡣ
һֶա
վߵм䣬ҲһСë˵ʱϲվţĻ֫Բܾķӡ
裬ÿô裿ȣϢޣһδҶˣϢ֮ǲǵˣǮڵУֻţһ꣬һĶǶ˶ԣǮܹǮģʵǸһǮ
Σֱ͢ӽǮǣǽǮͶҵĽУҵĽзŴǣŲ˶֪С
˵Ŀһɨ
˶ͷ
յҾýпԺܺõİİգѵʱԭѣԿܱȥ֧ԮĻûһնȹֵĻʱһѩ˶ˣʧ˶ٲƸ
ǽпһ̶ϰǣʵô洢Ƹģոʱ򣬿ԽĲƸ뵽棬ѣҲԴӽнǮȡɹѹء
ҽŰմǮֿԼϢǣиǮʱǾͿ׬ȡĲƸͬҲ˱øԣǵĵλȹ̣ʵ˵־ʱѾΪԼ׬Ǯ׬Ǯ
ң˽УԭҲˣڵصĽУһ־ݣֱӿԴӳĽȡǮǲҪÿضһӴӷ׵ĳȥԭóס
һ˾ȵ⡪ôʱȥԭֻҪڽ־ݱɣ
յͷȻģһûȥΪѾ뽭ϵԪһ㣬񳤰ȥֻҪһ־ȥɣⲻͨĵ־ݣ㱻ߣҲκβƲϵʧ
Ƿࡣ
ǽǺУǮ¡
˷׷׵ͷûһսҲԽп
˵¡յͷֵҲȷŴ㣬ƾҸ˵ҲҪȵϣһ㡣˶ԣʱǽǮǾȥǮ׬ôôǿ׬Ǯ˳͢Ͷ룬ܹܿؽУⲻܹǣͷʱѵʱǿڽǮɽҪĴˣͬʱҲܹÿһա
ˣ͢ӴͶʣ޽·óױøͨ޽ѧԺǵŮԶ֣Ҳ֪һҪʶ֣ȻĻĿʲôڣͶʱصɫƷҾͲ˵ˣһһЩ͢һǮǣܹĶֶ͢££ȸǵǮҪöడ
һϢʵ̫ˣһʱˣ׷׽ͷӶ
ҲصλϣԱߵĺ뻯С֪͢д¹Ȼ뽨У
Ц¹ȻǽͨҪ壬Ҫȱ¹Ȼ룬ϵҲ
뻯Цŵͷ¹ȻҲ֣Ҳ취ôյֿ֡
أͻȻվλλнգȫƾ͢ƻź鲻ƭǵģȻǻ޷͸뷨ǵǩЭʱҲˣʱǲЭйô֮棬һҲ⣬ҾӦҪֺ֧顣
ǷǳݺյģúҪ׾٣ҪŪôӡ
ȻǶȽѣǱҪõö࣬鶼ܹѸٵĻָһҲġ
飬Ͱ˵ðɡ
أôһߺȣҶѡźգȻǻˣǼؼϢǻУӯ֮䣬Ҳһŵжϡ
չֵлλ֧֣ллˣ׷ĹӮǽģҪͬŬ֪ʱ̫˽ƻҲΪʲôڻֻҪһҲǰҪһνҸմӸ߾Ǳǵ֪٣ǻҪϣԱ˸ովս¹Ȼ룬ɲÿ춼дǡ

䣬ֶ׷״Ц
뻯̿


1724 ֮
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ԶѡΪ򵥵ķʽһ·ҶǳϤҲ졣
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֮ںϣֻʵ䷴ûĸܹͨģ뻹ͨĻʵ
ĻʵƳǿΪƳĻǳ֮رûжҲûйԭĻƳĻ˺ܶĻͳ߶Ǻӽģ;һԣҲܹмҵԼӰӣֻһֹУƳĻǵΪȽĻκη涼ˣ貶Ŀ޿ƥС
γ䲻УĻǳߣͬʱڵɡ˵лһ仰ǡǡ֤ѾͬˣɼγʱѾóǿֻϧһȫͬ壬¹һ
˭˵ԭǼֱȡ裬һ䡰ֱǧߡͿԽԷǽȥ
ɼƳûʹԼǿ˸ɺȥͷƳкܸߵռ䣬ΪƳǿûá
ѧԺһҪ޽ģǮҲýֻҪԷܣǾһ׬һս޽ѧԺ
ʱյȻԸĻǵгԭҪǲ֣ôȥԭ˽ʵϻص·̣Ѿкֱܶ˵Ϊϰ嶼ǺˣҪ˵Զûְ
ⲻһ仰ܹģһǳӴļƻҿǺƻĵڶĻʱôϣõó
ҾһǵصΣֿԿٵµĵ·ʲôزôЩزӪƷôʱ
˶ǣɾʮ㡣
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̸̸ţҾͶøǮߣǮҲǻصǰǸ߸ңҵõҪࡣ
ʴˣ˭Ҫ̸ó͢ǮǾһŽ˸߳ȥ
ߵϢܿҲ˳
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ʿҲǷǳյģصҶкз÷ˣûھеĺзóԣ̫ˡ
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ϵĲ豭һڣַ²豭ǰѾ˲ٴֹ˵ģֻԽԽæҲֹˡ


1725 ԽԽ
ʵһصս£ҪǮǸǣա³ǡ١󶼻֮գδ̫ܵʧ෴в׬˲٣Ϊ˹Ӷȥǰߴ̣Ҫ֧͵ģɲͶ
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ʴ˳͢ͶʣŴҪҲ֧Щˣҵÿ졣
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ӦְҵʹԸʱܹӦԡ
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1726 в
Ƶûգ¹ȻĵһҽоͽΪʲôֳɵģݶ׼õģҲǷǳ죬ҲǺԭ֮ĵطĵһҽУνǷ
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1727 ֪Ǹ
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˿ǷǳǳǳТģĶ˵ΨТǾƲܷģⷽҪǺϴ׵ġ
Ҫ˵Ĺ֣֮ôҲֲúѽǣյûΪТ꣬ԼԸ˵Ǳ䵽ģҲδعݼݸĸһǳصĴͱɷҪϸһЩҲ緢ʱײţҲֻܴǹٻȥТƵĻкܶܶ࣬ҲҲ¹ͣ׼ʱǸͻȻȥҲûؼТһ䡣
ַǳţһôͲ֣֮ǺյĲТ֮٣ŵķĳͷ
ЩԺյˣʿǰһֱѹţûӮգҵһյľѻᣬôܴ
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ۣ⵹ҲǲܣҪ¸ĸӰ죬ǷǳѵģĻǿڳͻ£ؼТôģٱҲô
˼Ƭ̣£ٺòѡؼТĻδҲһ°
ͷ䲻õĽҲĽֻնݳ󻼡˵棬ɱ
ںտǷǳʹ޵ģŵ˵þޣǰǷǳεĺյģڳ帮δգںҲʿǳأΪǴһʼͻ빲һǳĲףǳ޼ֵģʱַԼ׽ʵ˽ֱͨѵĵӣ֪ʱӰ


1728 
ǱߺຣЩ˸£Լǩ֮󣬺վЩ˸¹Ȼ룬Ȼ˳ȥݡݵȵӲ졣
ݴʷԳǰսʱݷչķǳãʱݣֵķΧϳˣʵڼٸʲôûʲôֻΪսķ»ﶼݼУȻʹ̻
ǺԤеģÿҲ֪ҪӲ·ǻûе·̸ʲôóףʴ˶·Ƿǳִŵģһ̴ûֹͣһֱޣά·޵Ƿǳ㣬һٳµĵ·
Ŵ·УʵսΪսһᵼóֹͣ͢ҲϾ˼ȥ··ûߣʧޣܿͻᱻ𻵡
Ƭûд̣·άķǳã·ùǷǳ࣬⼸һ㣬һ񣬾Ͷһõꡣ
Ҫǹмµõ꣬мڸֲľΪùãǸṩϢĵطΪ׬Ǯ¶ޣϡƽա¿ЩҪԶѽõҪṩϣΪ·ȫƥôϲùݵ֮ҪùݾͱֲľǲľïʢдҲﲻһж١
ʵҲԳľ֮ǿ㹻ȥôĵ·߻϶ûʲôǿǰǼΪټġǰһ·棬ǿûʲôû׬ǮĻóУ̶ӶȽӴ󣬾Ͳ̫ҳ͢ǳóʴߵľӶǿǾϢߣǿֱ̣ûκɿɽɱ˽˲ƲʥַͻҪһЩڶҪ󣬾ȨֱӴԷ֮ǲҪץġ
ЩǿһƾôݣǸɲȥˣҲ׷תУǶһǷǳϤҲԼơ
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Цܼ򵥣һȥݣãҲûȥ꿴ˡĶӶڽǱߣҲҵĴӪҲ꣬ȨƲǷǳҲû˼øᡣ
æֵлˡ

ʱһĽкֻһͷԵСӣǵĲӣһҡһεģ߸ߵżŰôٲȻһС˵飬ԴһԻӣźգǿɰ
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¼뿪֮󣬾һֱƲ֣ǵǡ
Цҡҡͷ֣ʵȨ󣬶ҶԣҲôҪֻǾȷʵûоһӵΣҲΪ˸͸ܹ⸸׵ǶôĲסһֱΪһжΪңȴΪصĶ
˵ͻȻ̧ͷЦڿԷһУúǣŸ״ˣΣܱһٴҪá
ͷͻȻʲôƵãĵںͷѩأ
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ڶһ磬վʹŴǳ빬һΣ˵Ƚǳʵϡ
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չֵ¶ڳ֪֮һֱģΪ˱£ҲϧǳĵȷȷΪӣĸ³ñȥˣǸһֱˣЩδؼݹףǡТ֮ӣھȪ֮£ҲԸĸ
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յ΢


1729 սս
Ҳ˵룬ʵºգʵҲסΪʵҲֹһȥТټۣҪǿºգҲᱻС
й˵˼УТȫʵԶǵһλģʵҲֻڵڶλ
ҪأˣҲøƴʵתҲǻնѡ
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⻰˵λҪյʱҪӲţҲõȵ˺˵Ӷɻûйȥѽ
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Ǹӵѯʺ¹Ȼ
սެ̸еḶ́ԭԭĸΣȻЩ໰Ȼһ
üͷһ壬Ҳ˵ެпܾ
ҡҡͷǿܣһֻҪлᣬެһģ˳ΪެǩκԼƭԼ֮⣬˭ҲƭˣǺβﶼެ»طսҲɿѰҪٸһһҸֽΣŪ˫Ρ
ȻãѵôֻǱެֱӳͻ
յͷˡ
θǲõѵΪҴƴ򲻹ެ
߾ѾϾʣһެֻҪһضȹȥξýͿרһĶԸެͲҪٺެӦެ´ƲǣʴΪ˼룬ǳ־Լ硣ΪôȷެͻȽɶ£»Ϳˡ
һ£ǵó˵ެսɵĹһެôȥײߣ˭Ӯ˭䣬ⶼ֮١ǰʱϵƤåܶŹĻҲ࿴һۣûȥһå죬ӮˣҲʲô֮¡
νüͷެƣ޿һأҲֹȥһҪġ
ǳΪެûгҵĻɶһսӦǷǳչ٣ӢҲչֵ쾡£Ͼʱϳһ߾ϧ첻ԸެͻȻһŲæң߶ʵ䷴Ͳһ㣬ⲻ֮ҪެУʱҲֻţڳˣ³ɺ޾ͳͳӿֳ
ʵҲεԸ񣬴򲻹ʱǷǳ̵ģװװñ˭Ҫã³çµģȵܹùʱһҪŪ㣬һϸʵۡ
ȻֵķǳǿӲҲָھҪެֻΪھ͵ıȥެ߾ı˽ʮ֮ãǰ佫Ҫ߾ʱΪһֱѹţȵǿʢԪ϶Ȩȹ֮͵ϣɳͳ˧һǡǡεĳɹ֮
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ּ˵ݳ֪ެеĻūƶȣ̵ҲǽЩū˭¼˭뵱ūܹЩūɿެ㲻ơ
˼ʵɿЩūأ
յһ֮ȣǵѵһǻެūײУެūùϵȻȥެͶʣñ˵ެô취ǽԽΰԽãԽߵɽϽԽãǳǮǳˣǿɲȥ޽϶ѹūȥƵķ֮ʹȥѹūȻǵ˱Դūս
һǧֻݶѣ䲻ڣóĶıԣʵػʵôһУƭ
ôһ˵׹쾵۲ǴľӶңҪɾͲһ׵£»޿ҲǾĺܣ쾵ۣŪһ쾵۹ȥʵۣǻࡣ
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ͺñȳƻƻȷʵǳܲܳɹ˵Ҳһµսԣ÷սֶΣȥˣȥһ£ǰͶֲǺܴܹɹǴ֮ʱҲܹЩֶȥһҴưͼŵΪǱ߻̫Զһ㣬Ҫǲһǳ֮¡
⣬ΪެǴƵİ֡ެ¹Ȼ붼סҴ֣˵¹Ȼ룬Ҹ뻯¹Ȼ룬ҴƵķȦ¹Ȼެı߽ϣ˵뻯¹Ȼ¶ǳͬҪûެѹţ˵ǻҴǵĵפɶһǾܹᣬںЩ壬ǹԹǵĻȵѶެӳɲʲôˡ
⻰ͦʿˡ
ҲȽϿģбϣ˼ţû뵽ެĴڣԸõİ¹Ȼģͳ֮ء⻰˵ެǿأ濴ϣصιŵͷ֮⣬ȷǳأֵȥο
Ҳֻ˵οΪһĲ죬ҪҲެ֣ެҪҲֻܷ㣬ⲻһެĶԲߣֻ˵һõȶ˼룬ɷϵǣηǳ
Ҳ֪ѾˣҪȥǾΪѺˣҪެ֮ߣˣȵգֲǽԶǷսĲԣҲһġ
ΪһǧûΡ޼ص˼룬ʼԸӣĲľҲҵҲû˵Ҫ˼ǵ
Ҳû˵ָβĽ飬ȥެΪֻôһ˵ѣյĿֻϣܹףެĴڣҲȫǻ£кõһ棬лһ棬ǿȥõģЩʱҪ˸ͼ̫ҲǺ£ƾӮҲûռެ߾ȶУҲ˵ھ͵͵һȣȥެսǶƳչԣֱ֮֡
ȻҲ쾵ˣֻԴΣһȣú˵ҲеҲެڴһ棬¿ﻮʵΣ
£ѾȫˡͳһʸΡ
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ʴˣֻǴſ£һƵڣ޻ǡ
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δһͷˣһĿԴΣôʶôǡ
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Ҫ˵Լˣο㣿һ˵ɶۣ֮۳֧ķãⴿ׬һᣬ⻹û㽫档


1730 
õˣԹûĸҴ̻ܲģңΪ̶ԼⷿҪǻ仰ֵõ£ôЩ̣鶼򵽹ȥˡ
ɺյĽ飬ԤǼһĹ֧ˣ֪һ׬
㡪˵ʲô棿֧
տ϶ĵͷ
ξôܣ
յȣ˴δ̵ݣȫЩԼֵ֧ģû֧һǮҾ°ټú͸߾֮󣬳ǹ͵ع塢ǮûˣȻ߾Ͱټö˵֮أͳ߿ɶǷǳǮģ⣬и߾ڻֳɵͭԼһһᣬǳ˵
˼飡
̫˼ˣ
βţϽǷϸȫ֧ǵȻԽԽͷۣ׬ûȻֲһˡ
ǿ֮θ˼飬ΪԼ棬ǸһԤ֧ھ׬ᣬӹ񣬴̶ǻǮģôء
ЦԭҲûĸܹʤҳ
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˵ͻȻͣסˣ˵Υԭ緶
μ飬ﲻףˡ
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ֱ˵ǣڣֻѿΣ߾ԭңţӦд˱
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ձȭһ񣬳׷ɫһȫɳģЩ¼ĿǿԿģǰЩĿǿģ»оȵĸоΣ̣أһҲǷָذո֣ڹǲκ棬ֻǶڹҰȫ棬Լйס
һأǽսȫū˺͵ԼǴƵĹ壬Ƿǳֽ֮࣬߾ټõĹͳͳǨԭӵеˣһǮ⣬һЩƽʱֵǮĶҲǮͺñ˵һֵǮһɽͷǳֵǮˣΪɽֲֿҩľͷ߾ټ˵֮أҸز࣬ƷԭϣҲȫԴʳǺܶ෽ԴЩԴ˵ܹһüǮģһʱۻ糼дǰ㡣
ͷȴָ󣬡Ϊ˼򵥵ĵǰδ뵽
յΪûгҴ㷱ٲʢƨʵҴûжĻǺɰٴġҲΪˣҴũ̡ܹ˭أ˼ҵҪľͷҪԼߵľͷ㹻һլԺǾˣԭط֣ȥɶƶ֮ظôԭĵԸ뿪ԼһĶֵصġ˲ͬ˱ͨģڼĿ϶Ѫ޹飬ҪľͷƷģԽԽãŸأʳҲܹġֻܽط͸ֻᵼʲôʲôʲô󽫾ҡ
ҴƵߣǽƸ˹ӽٸҸ˾ְԼΪó֮£ûʳûвƸûңٸûвƸûоӣҲң˵ĻȻŲƸȨƣһȺˣһˣ֮о⻹ҪٸЧƽ⣬Ķԭ߾İ˭ǵļҲԭҲصԭģǵĴӪǲܷԳ͢һЩ֮ؽɰ
һҲǰδ뵽ģкãˣٺòˡ
ʵĵľЩɽ߻ʵԶĵ̫ÿƣ仹֮أ͸Կƣ϶ɾפǾ͵ɽͳΪǺܳе£ǽһȺ˵ĻھǾ֣ҪΪȵý߶÷϶þԱǰҪõöࡣ
ѾοЧҲ֪Ѱ棬ôҪгԭǵгõƷҲǳԭûг˶οȥ˶붼ԭصˣôǮǱ̫ãȻԭǵط̫ˣԶûԭڳַԸ߾췴ⲻѰô
ռ˵߾ΪҴƴ滹ԶֹˣǽսǨԭ¸߾ǵعϡƸô϶ԭЩսԭ֮󣬽Ϊ޽·ӵԼȥϿѻĵأȵȣֻΪҹӲٵĲƸ
Ҫ˵ݣʵձ˭ݣͻʱǽͻǨԭģźĴͻʵЩԴͻƿأý˰ȻĻ˼Ҳɺ
յĻûôʴȣΪͷ㲻ū۱ˣ͵ñūۣǽ߾˷ԭǸ֮£ͬʱֽ߾ĲƸԭתƣʵһԴ䣬⵱Ȼͻӯ
Ǹ߾ʴˣҶûΪס
ηǳĵͷһˣˣͻȻʲôƵãˣȥ¹Ȼʱʹһ£ΪӦֱڸ߾ͰټƶȣǶΪأ
˼Ƭ̣Եͷǳ޳ɣĸ߾ͬڱ壬ԭڵӦȡƣȡƣЩҲ޷ӦϾǶϰơ
һ㶼ϣؾԭƶȣƶȵĲֱͬӱ־ŹʽĲͬôҪ߾ͰټȫƵİͼԭ޶ǱƲУΪ̫󣬶ҵذҲϰ߶ƣĲԾ
֮һжΪںϡ
εͷҲǳͬʹĽ飬ҴʹڵأԴкο
ʵһ¾ǺʹϵģĿľҪʹڵأյȻ޳ɵģ£ʵҲд㽨ʹΪڴ˹У޷űֳĻ־ΪʱһֻĿǰǻǵֻȹ۲졣
ټϣǱ߻˲HȲ壬ЩҴǷģҲδ֪߻һȻһǴ˷֤ǵҰҲСʴ˸߾ʵҴƶԣǷǳҪսλãʹĳڴ˴оУչֳͳĲܣν˫ȫǱߣɶӡ
˵˶٣ֵΪʹһץôΥƶȣʴˣöڵͳԪһڵ񰲾֣άΰ
¶΢ЦΪʲôɺյĽ飬ΪյĽ飬Ϊ룬κ߶Ϊģֲˣտɲ˵Ҫᳫʱ壬ΪƽЩʿԼֵյ˰գʩ˰ĿľߵĻϣһͳΡ
˷ͬҲˣҲǽȨɢҪĳϣǷǳбҪġ
̸̸ţ᲻úգһߣûôһˣܹ˾ľİǣȻģⷽ棬ǱȲϺաǻ˵ղҪϾҪ뿪᲻¶ѯʺգɺյĽ飬Ҳ治һκգǺǰʱͷ̫ȨҲκһô
񣬺մǳѾϣϾҪΪТҺյҲܵһĳεȻҲ˼ɣҲºչ߸̸̸һգҲ˺յĽ飬身㹻Ȩƺ֮¸ꡣ


1731 ĳ
һͽֱٽʱ֣ŴǵһգûнӼκһˣʵ̫Ҫ̸Ҷû̸꣬ü̸Ϊֻ̣£ǺڴҶС¡
ճǵֻʳǣȥ
Ա°࣬𿴺յܵ˲СĴҰⶼ۷׷ףвٹԱմкΪЩԱҲ֪Ϊ飬δʲôֻӰʵۻǷǳģǻ֪վǻؼТ޼ɿɲһ˵乧ϲҲʧʲôġ
ҲǿӦ䣬ûô̸Ҳܹ½⣬Ͼ⵵£˭˭ҲῪĵġ
Ӵˣ
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ƫͷһ΢΢ֵС
ڡ
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ֻǵһЦû
ڸǿģȴǳα֮£ϷҲжţҲ黳˷ʥͣ޹֪ܸģĪɰ
⻰ǰοʵҪⲻТ֮٣ʵˣİο϶Ǹ˵һ⣬֮ڱ˷ʥ޹ǲ˵Ĵ
ﵱȻúܣֵл棬һġ
ڼɫΣۣˬУֱ޷ݣʵðһ䣬ǲ֪кδ㣿
ĵģҪ̽Ϣ϶ôĨǣ϶ǳΪǰѧų޼ɣ٣ŮڿɶǼŵġ
յлйģѾµϴǳʣͷϵ£ҾͻؼТ
һ⻰ĵĶҪԳѪˣһʼźŲߣҪ뿪ˣ֮󣬿Էܶ飬ʱ㻹ܻܲһδ֪֮ѽϻʵ˵ԹТȫʧȥ飬Ҵһʧ
˵ľʶֵô٣˼ҺֻȥТ꣬ȴ˵úպ񲻻Ƶãǲ뺫ջ
չֵңңء˵ţֵû£ҾȸˣһҪȥһˡ
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ţźͻȻһӰŵһһŷԭŴ󣬲ɵһ漴Ƶģ
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ŴһЦ쳣ӣίǱˣǲʣ֮ζӳ£˵ζ
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Ŵһڲŵ飬㸸׵¡ΰ죿
յ֪£ѾµϴǳʣȵҴͷ֮£ͻؼТ
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յǼѾȥˣ¡
Ŵˣǲڻ
Ǹ޼ɻãǸջãǳ޼ɣǺգһɵжд̣ӶˣԼǰ;ǳ˵ǡ
յ˵ô죿
Ŵ֧᲻
յΪӣģ㵣Ҳκģ÷֮¾ˣľͲҪˡ˵ţ˶٣ֵʵҲı䲻ʲôѾ£ͳͳǳ͢ͶˣЩ¿Ǳ·ǳĵģֻҪ㽫Щ¶ãôȻά㣬ֻҪ㣬ôҪ㣬Ҳǲܹġ
Ŵɫͼֵ֣һֻ´á
ûˣ˳⣬զúá
Ц¶ǳ͢˴򽻵ǰԼ£迴ɫıǣТһġ
仰ŴԣĪİοѽ
Ҳֻ꣬Ҫ꣬һжģһͷֹܱĵȴҪá
ֵ뿪ڼ䣬ǻһҪ͵Ҫȥһճ̣ҪôֻҪµͷˣǾȥǧҪǽϾ
Ŵͷ㺫ղô˵Ҳðͷ¤ȫûﻹš
ֵվţһҪ㡣
Ŵ֪ЩĻΪֻὫһˣ֮⣬˼Ҳ֪ô棬ôξͱһñʼ
ʵǰһѾ´ĿܣŴֻҪִоˣŴǳóġ
֮󣬺뻧˵ĳԷϯϣֺúõĶһ
Թҹ֮󣬺ûȥ˱
СգԲסѽ
ּգǿ޵ϡﻩģھΡ
æ壬ʲôҲ֣ûܵģе𡣡
һĨᣬһߵҲ鷳
Ц壬ҵǻǹһӵģֽסģһиĻᣬ˵˵ˣҿ˶ˡ˵ţƬֵļ򣬵ˣˣ壬ûй㣬෴ҷǳм㡣ϼգҴͷϵ£һݡ
Ҫݣ
ɣľ
յͷѾϴǳʣһЩӣ͵ûؼТˡ
ҲҪһȥ̼ܵ
СҰûΪǷϻ
ЦСּš
ܵܵҲݿСּŰңҲҪȥΪҸĸТСʱ򣬸ĸɱˣǳТ˳ҲʲôТҪǣТûиˣ뵽ԼҲûΪĸТ꣬Ҳһֱܲζ⼸Ҳ
úЦ㶼ô˵ˣܲô
ܵܵǵȻʵȥˡ
ɣľǶʱ
ղɫ죬æǲᶼҪТɡ
ɣľڨڨܵøһȥɡ
ⲻǷϻô㵱Ȼܸһȥûһȥô죬ֲһȥأôļҵðţͰŰɣ⻰㵱˵Ͳô
ݺһţ˵
պǺǵ˭ڵġ
㡪
ݺ˺һۡ
õǡأ
շŰ۵С˵ʲô
̳ܵü˼ۡ
ᣬҲˡ
ҡ
˼ͬ
ιιιǸʲôոæֹǣУҲǱȥݵģֻǻؼТТûؼҼٵģҲѣǱŪøƵãŪҶǳˡ


1732 򳪸
ȻӦɲô˵ҲѣȻ겻Ạ̊́ܶǺسҲһͷҲϰߺղڵӣ֮󣬺ջصģ͵ǺճԶţûбҪŪøƵá
ʵҲǱŻģЩ˽շ̵ǽ壬·ɽʴˣǶеǳֻš
治ʲô£Ϊղδʲô治֮˵һ㣬Ҳ˽⣬ĹͣǿͣΪ¸Ĩȥġ
֮󣬴Ҳͷ
ֵҲһЩȥϣýЩ˼ʶһڵĻ磬˳ƹһ·¥Ļ˭һȥǾԼһ°ɣƲȥΪһɣľ
úίҵĴڣΪ˰ɣľҪ֪¥ɻġ
ϷŰһЦֳźɣľɣľһ¡
ɣľͷҪǺٶ٩䣬Ļȡġ
ڣϵЦʱɢӰ٣ȡ֮֮ɫָǰӣɣ
ɣľ
յɣľεˣ˴һݣ¥һˣһȫȨ
ɣľæģһտõġ
ʵһֱ˽ǮͶʣʣе¶ڹܡ
֪ġֵô˵ҵϵǴǳʣһЧҾͲǻˣҲһְٰԣǰһЩͬ
ɣľֱϵ£ȵסϵ£ȫˣСǲǳʲôأ
ûʲô£Ҳ̫ǡ
յֻҲǹԱݣҶûƿأңⳤһֱ˿Ҳ˳ۣ鷳϶еġֻҪסֻҪס¥ˣܳ͢κϵı仯㶼Ҫϳ͢ǮֻС£Ǯûˣ׬мǣһؼҪ÷¥ÿһˡ
ɣľ˵ͷҲ
󣬺ֽɣľһЩ£ҪǹڽУΪˮƣЩֻҪסطУǽǽڻҸպЭ飬еĲǷǳӵģȻѾǩԼҲһҪʧǾġ
һֱ죬ɣľŴӺ
ףӣ㻹ûϢ
ɣľ÷ţԺУʵ
һ漴ɣľ磬ЩȥϢɡ
ɣľдߴ֮⣬£漴һס죬Ǳӡ
һߣվͳſڣƵѵͲ֪һֱڵ٩ɣľôⲻǳĸǱҵĻ𣿡
ЦǶֻ٩ǵķݣҵ٩㣬˵λƳǿûô˵
ûǾ
շ˷ۣǰ˵ɣʲô£
ǲʵѵû¸˵ô
ûСչϵĻش
ǵһŤһȥˡ
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޳⡣Ǻߵ
Ҫǰɡû⡣һɫʵôΪ㡣
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Ů˻ǡּ˵Һһȥݣһи֮򣬲̫˵ֻ˵¥֮ȥݣ˰ɳ²֮Ҳ뿴ǻȥТģôܻôֵ飬һжΪ㰡
Ǽô
յһ۵ȻǼٵġ
˰Σ漴㡪
֡ոæֹסֵʵҲȫǼٵģһȥݵģϾȶһ㽫Ҳڣһ¸عˣ֣֮
ЦȻ㶼ΪԼ룬⻰ҲģΪǿԼȡģʩᡣ
պߵǣҺû¹ʲôˣһ֮һ
ǵ
ǵģ⣬Ͳá
Ϊ٣ҵȻץסÿһһ
պЦҪҪٸһ¶һ㡣
Ҳðǵͷֺ¶θ


ڷ¥һޣڶգֱ빬УҲȷʵûа취ԭ¶ںһϣϾҪؼΪТͻȻ뵽һЩѯʺˣԡ
̸һ磬ŷź뿪
ȥԪұΪµĻͲˣֻǽļƻ֪Σγ氲š
Ǻ¶ĥ
ԪԺҪؼТ̾˿
Ҫܹ䣬ԪĪİΪԪĵĹϵûм֪ûΥԪһԭ򣬲漰֮£ͬʱ붼ͦģңʱԪҼʱ޺գ֮𰡡
̾ʵҲңȷʵ˸״ˣд˱ӦҲԹԡֻͻȻԪĵϣĵܹһȥ
ԪǵȻģĵӣؼТȻҲøȥ
ԪĵҲ΢΢һЦҲѾ׼
ԪͻȻôһĵĹϵܾڸǲסˡ
Цˣ˭ֻһȢ˼λӡ
ŶԶԶԡԪֵͷһҲãϣܹһ𡣡
ΪǳϲպԪĵǷܹһһ¡
ԪĵȴҲЩ鷳ĻͻǲҪĺãν
˳ĶĲںںʵʵڵĶֻҪպãԪҺã֣úܵ
ԪԵͷǲԣҲ»أΪⲢʲôҪ£ǵԴΪء
һġЦŵͷֳԪ󲮣ĵҪȥݣԪڸ߾Ǳߣһʱ»ز¾͵ͷˡ
ԪһֵɲУǲܻЩͷӿɲܸԤϵ£ҲģѾȥϽԪ޸лִ֡
Ԫҵ˶һЩ壬ԪҲˣȻԪҹģֻʱ򣬾ѡһ棬ҪףʴԪֻܻǮϵ£ԪѵһЩڣ˶ѡ
յͷұˡ
Ԫ̫̾ͻȻˣһ׼ûУ߾Ǳߵ¿ɶδŪ
յ뵣ǣ߾ǱѾ죬ƻǰ㣬ԪͶȥǮĻǿԪֻҪ˻عڣԼãˣǷǳ޴ġ
ԪĵͻȻ»õ͵Ļ˼ʣټϷѾȥְԪӦһա
յͷ֧ĵ
Ԫĵһ㶣漴Դİ˺һۣαصļƻͳͳշǵõյ֧֣治ֵÿģеֻᡣ
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ǺȥݣԪҲȫǻ£ΪԪҵĴӪѾǨƣҪƻҲϽƻԪҲǽڽϣкոԪĵڽϣ淴Ҫֱָ࣬ӣҪٴֻҪ֪һͿˡ
Ԫ̸һ󣬺վԪĵá
ĵǲǲ뿪Ͼķ˲ٵѪ
ھεԪĵ˵Ϊ֪ԪĵһˣҶԪҵķչע˲Ѫ
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Ȼǡ
նʱչһЦУԶĿƽģŵڼеһ
ԪĵһЦҲûʣֲ¡
ҲŶʶ
ԪĵЦ
һţһȥڣΪﻹһŮˣǺҹ˼ġ

һ಻ѾСӣĴ۾۵۰
ֻյʱĿȴЩĿԪĵҲԪĵϿϾ㺫ʱͻ纫򣬶ԸȽϱţǺţ¶ûа취ͱȽϺߡ
úۣЩʪں۵һ£ŮֳԪĵǵһϢʱԭΪǵڱԹңȴǵڰһΪĶԵĻϣܹ÷峤أٻسˡ
Ԫĵֻ΢΢һЦ֪ǲܵģôȻҲ֧֣ͻȻʱҿûй㣬һҪæ
ҪȥݣͷҲ๤Ҫɽӡ
ºСЦλСŮҾˡ


1733 ӹ
ҡ
벻ҽôһ
˼ګ̾˿ʵԼˣ벻ʱ꣬Ȼֱ𣬶Һôء
ʵҲǷǳƣԭնѾﵽĵزƳԱǳģһϵҫ
ŮɷȻûм֪ȻǻеǳģҲĪİպѩĹϵع⣬ӰȻή࣬û뵽һţ˽ţղû٣һ˴ǳʣܿͻعƽݡң¸ҲĪĹϵһֱ뷽跨ﺫձ粵ʵ䷴ǳҲеһЩھΣΪµʼٸߡ
˺գϾʱݴʷ˳˶ѾΪΪȥؼңϾյֻһᣬһĿȻٻعͷ룬ȷʵȽϿÿʱϷǰźյģո帮һСǼһǳ鷳
ЦеھΣǵûн͵ȷн֮ʱΪڿ϶һ̣Ըû˻עһǷТꡣ
˵ǡҲΪ˸е𡣡һϷ˵ͷʱȥ̸Щˣûκ壬ʵգʱݣ
յе£ͻȥ˵ţֿԵѩϣѩܹһȥ
ѩԪĵһʱҲǻһЦΪһģȥĻǵĹϵ϶ʹսᣬΪزȥȥТģΪӣôܲȥɣҲ󲻹մȥ顣
˼ګԵǵĻ᲻ᱻ˷֣
ȺտڣϷ˾͵ѵѩһӶ͵͵ĸźô
˼ګڨڨһֱھ⣬޷ϵع⣬һʲô᲻ܵ˺᲻ᱻ֣ûо֪
ոϽ֤ϷˣģҲģҲ÷ѩ棬ܵίҲһ÷ѩҹһ𡣡
˼ګæ˵ãɵüס
յͷһֱⶼĴӦΪ˸
ѩԪĵһڵ֪ԼҪ뿪Ҳûжٹ㺫գҲϽѧԺԺңѧԺע˷ǳѪҲȥѧԺʦɽӹ
ʵҲûпգǶֻǹһȴְиĹҪɽӡ
ҳ֮󣬺ͣĸȥԺ
ԺȻȫԺ֣֮վԺĸҪˣȻԺڲĽǡ
£Ҳö˵ʲôҲֻܰοһºգұʾᾡԺġ
ѧоѧģǷǳĹ˵Ūƻܹɵģһǳ̣˵ֹģҲûʲôǵģ£Ψƿƿƾⷽ棬˼䣬ڣͲҪȥһճ̣ǸԼľˣⷽ硢ɶóѾΪƿƴ˼ʵĻ
ľƷԺʿһϯǼ䣬ǺúŬиǻ֮ʱҪǵĳɼ
Թ󣬺硢ڰ칫ڽ̸š
Ҫ̸˵ǹ뻧ĺ˼ƻԼԺаɫʵ˵ⶼںյΧڡ
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Ŀ˺һۣʧĵͷȻ˳ȥ
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Īô˻ڽҲһԺ
յͷϵŲٵţ˵ջ񡣡
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ʵ²ʲô£Ӿ͸̸ϣǴһЩ˹ȥѣʽ棬еǮҲһؾˣݵĿչɣټ򵥲ˡ
̸֮󣬱ȥݣǸճôţͼ̨ϣݲŲˡ
ݼճˣ᲻վˣֻǻعͷȥ۰Ͱ͵Ŀźա
һﲻĿһͻȻһЦʵ㲻Ը⣬Ҳһȥݵġ

񰲾֡
գɲѽֲԹ㣬ֻһѣ㷸ŵϴǳʣƤҲû˻˵ʲôġ
̴һգǴ׶㣬ŭ䲻
ۿţһﲻ
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Ц˵أ
̴ѽһûӣϳ̼Ҷֵȣƽʱƽʱؼʱһ֧㡣
ȥġ
պһһ˽ôǳһϣҾͲǻʼʹΤֺ֣ҪĶ࣬Ҳǰ㱳㵱Ȼ᲻ҡ
Τۺ˼úܲζһ仰˶˸顣
̴ίҲ֪ôΪƽ㾹Ȼ˵ң
յ᲻ң֮Щ漰д֮񰲾ָδҾ㣬Ǹ
ʾͲʣ̫Сˡ̴ŭһΤ۵ۣʡ

յһۡ
ΤۿЦһ漴ǣҪ㣬Ҳܹǣ㵱񰲾ôȻΪǹ徫񣬻ǵĻǿɲôɣ㵱Ȼ̯ˣǶԲƽ
Ȼƽʱٹ񰲾ֵ£񰲾ֶԿǷǳҪģһ漰УǺճ棬ȱһܶ⣬Ƕ֪δ
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̴ʲôαҿ᲻㣬һڹ᲻ðҶյĹҲ֮鰡
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Τ۵̶ͽóɣܺȣҲһˣβ֮⡣
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ˣ̴վӰ潫ӳҧ˳ؼ˳
ȵպһ֮󣬳̴ܿ˵˰ɡ
շ¾Ʊʵܼ򵥣ǰѾȥôʷ̨ȨΤ˼ǫҲᵱʷģӦϤ񰲾ֻ֣ǴϰǣԱĻǧӣӦ֪˲ϲ񰲾֣ǿ϶ⷢӵģǿԸʷִ̨ǸߣԱǱǸʵǸ㲻ͽƵʷ̨Ǳߡ
̴°͵⵹ʧΪһ취Ҳ֪Τ˼ǫǺǵģŪûġ
յΤ˼ǫȷǺǵģֻҪվһߣ϶վߣҪȥ
Τ۵ʵԱ㷸Ҳֲǳ棬ҪЩ󳼵Ķӡˣͺñȴȶһûǿ治֪ô졣
յҲð죬ǸôоôУǾƲҪȥǿ˵ǾͷˣҪȥǽϾһҪð֪㣬Ȼ⻰Ҫȥ˵ֻҪʼҾ·ȻὫϢȥġ
̴̵ⷨӲôɡ
Цһû׺İɡ
Ѿˣǰ׺ȣһ³ô̴ߵ
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˼ЦЦͻȻʲôƵãˣգҵգʱ߶㡣
ģ˭ԲϺһҪġЦŵͷҾȥݷ˾ա


1734 
԰
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տЦЩ˶콫ʮ֮ͽڶҹڽֵϣŶ˵±ӳϾ񳤰յȽϿԣǿеôۣǿ϶ĭҵģ붼öġ
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Цл˾½⣬ʵҵѧ˾㣬û¾ʹײţžҪһûе⾳磬һ࣬Ѳǡ
£ʲôʱžҪ׹žΪ˴̵̣ȻҪɱ˵ģָźյȫȡá
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׺սΪôţĿŵķ¿ˮ̣Ҳȷʵûа취̾˿˵ģɶսۣȫ㣬Ļչ˳ܹһȻǶΪЧ߾ϷۣشϷôҲø˵һлл
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յʵѾʹ⣬Ҹ߱£²żĿǰǵԷΪΪսϿڵķչ֮١
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չֵл˾ա
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̸֮󣬺ȥϽӲ죬ȻⶼֻǴڻûôУʱˣȥӲ죬ĿĵڵҤ޼ɲˣɵСġ


ʱ֡
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һƨʯ棬һ棬ľԼҲססŵ˵ǴУȫ´߹ǵˣԵý޶ˣʤѩӨ͸ƣһ˫ۣ·ﾭϴʯһ㣬ϾЩ֮ǴΪͬɷЦǲǺң
˵ʲôʲôɡ浭ĻӦֻԣֱֵһᣬȫߡ
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浱Ȼ֪޼ϵɱϢӲ֪ĸҲˣһĴֱȫѽ
ֱӺհΣǶôϣһͻȻһЦ˵ʲôƭǳʧֻ̾˿ʱһתһΣϵȥҿ׼һס棬Ѿ˹ȥ
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1735 ҩĹ
øѣȻյϾǰҲжд̣Ǿ֪ո˺ܶ꣬ʱТδҲ̫һɡ
Ƭ̣ʵ㸸ײǡ
̾˿ԭί֪档
ü
յֻҪˡ
ҲֻǻؼТТ㻹ǻġ
Ҫô򵥾ͺˡ
ҡͷһ̾˵ȻТȷġǣҽȥеĹְôڳеҲϾ߲ѽ֮෴ǣʺң˭֪ڼֻᷢʲôأҪĳ֣ȥԸʺ󣬾ɣֻҪʺʧȥµĳţôһоͶðˡ
üĬΣͻȻ̧ͷĿᶨô
ǵ֮ǰ˵ҶԴѾаšյνİžҺܶǰػӰһˣǱѾǴһʱֱȥ
澪ȵУ
Цûʲôеģ˸һһֱɴסģüмƣ˰ϰѵģҽ÷ǳܣҵ֮⣬δ˽Ҳûп̸֮ǿ͸ģʴ˼ʺȥ飬Ҳ鲻ʲôģϾҿǻ˼֡
ҡһǲףΪҪôҪҰһˣҿֱԸ˵ݳֱˣֺһ١
յ⵱ȻΪݣŸոձǲܳػӵģͻȻ֣Ѳ˻
˼Ƭ̣Եͷָ֮ôأ
յǵȴ¼棬¼֮ǰǾƲ˿ĿΪһ¶ĿΨһԱסģǱ£ʴˣһҪǵһĿˡ
ԣЦΪұ»ᱣң
ᣡһᣡտ϶
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Ц֮ǰ㣬Ҫ㣬һûа㣬ֻѡڶǸ̫ξһߵģʵǱҪҪԭ򡣵һĻѾھθˡ˷ǲľ飬ϾǱµĽᷢޣҲڱô꣬ҲΪʲô㱻ʱ»ᣬȻҲϲģô꣬ǲ⣬Ҳеĵġ
濴ۺգƬ̣Ὣƫȥ
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ͷ㲻ýͣҶѾϰˡ
ðɡԹյԵ¼㣬һὫھΣϣô¾ͻᱣ㣬Сھεʵ۲ϧһд۱㣬ΪԶԣֻʧȥ֮󣬲Ŷϧκ˶ȥܵڶεʧȥˣʧõĶΪġ
ȻΪҪľǣ̫ξ˾ˡǶѾˣôڲٶԱκвֻʺвʴڱûκвģôԸ˽Ķԣ±Ҳûκιǵġ
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յʺӸҵ»صУƾŬǻۣ㲻ʺαװҲαװøʺһһļơʵ츳ⶫ˵оеģҪڽܲǡ
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ܺáյͷôʺ·ߣǲʺġ͵÷УŮ˵Ĵȥ򶯱¡
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ҡҡͷסҪ׿ʺԣֻǻʺ󣬾ÿеӡĿǴ򶯱£ֻҪ±㣬ôʺûа취Ȼڱ¶ԣ߲ȱŮҲȱȱٵľǴǰҲǻʺӦ֪Ǻ󹬾̶ѨÿӶļƣǱµļңıģÿصңŹĶǣһһůܷۣ֮顣
㣬Ҫ䵱ܷۣһҪסⶴҪǳޣ棬һУ
ˣֻһˣܹȡʺ󡣡
ЦҼǵǰ͸˵òĲõġˣֻҪúһ㣬֮Ĳ࣬÷ǳ˵Ĺϵͺñվһӱϣδȥ԰Զ֪Ӷ԰飬Ҳûиһ̸ңһᾡѡһǡʱҲǵҪߵʱڱʺìܵʱ
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ǺǣЦġʵܹɹǶõı𣬶ңںܾǰҾͲҪ˵ʩᣬǱҲϲԼȥȡɲ㡣˵űӻͳһΪϸϣһҪ챳ѪҺ棬氲Ϣɡ
ӹǷʵͲģһұԴҲܵô
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һҪ׼һ
ʲô
һĹ


1736 ԼĹ
׵¹⣬ɽ䣬ʣ֣
ص˴Ϣ
ȻһҿԶ췢ģûôùͷ
վڰɽϣųͷ£ڵôŴʱʱһӵŮˣͣıԹţΪʲôķĹҪڣ̫ƽˣ
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Ŭ
һշųͷ°͵ڳϣָǰСӣô˰ɡط˾ӣϱͨ͸ᵱɹܱҲûھӣһһеӵУС֮㲻Ҫڴһ㡣
ûд˫ֽһ¹ڣСķУ͵͵һᣬӰΣվȻա
һʵԽһҲˣҾáš壬ϵģҲû͵Ϊأ
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ŮᣬҪףЩҵ˶ǳڴ⼵ʣΪʵ̫ˣòǲ飬ֻӹŲŲ˶ʼɣôɫˣôܲ᣿ȻֻңŮ˶ǳϲҵģ˲ҸŮ֮ѵĳƺţӦ
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Цôһ˵ҸӷģΪѾ׼Ҳûеô֮ԼȥΪȣҪȥԸʺԸôȵٻص͸ûа취һ㣬ڷžѾ˵ˡ
һҲҷǳ棬ʵʺûʲôޣ̫ξѾȥΨ֪ǵĹϵɱڣô㽫ɽʺɻڴΪʲô㻹Ҫȥ
ճƬ̣ΪҺ°ɡ
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յȣܱ֤̫ξûжкô֮Ҳֹ֪̫ξĹϵΣʺչֳֶΣҸеǳ־壬ʵ̫һ㣬ֻҪĵˣͻһնݳҲұ֤Ҳ̫ξôһϵ֪Ҿˣҵˣ֮أڶԷ罫һжԼСֳҰģҲҸеǳǡ
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յڸտʼʱҵȷĹһ㣬ǰ˵Ҫļƣ㲻ʺĶֻ֣ôȥ򶯻ʵۣʺѡһ˵Ļһԥѡ㣬ĻһЩġ
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ΪȻʺҪ¡
һֱ˻ʺ󣬶˵Ȼ治֪Ӧÿģģֻ˵ǰѾˣʵǰǱ᣿
Ҳ֪֪˵ЩЩģЩǼٵģ޷ľ棬ľǼ٣Ҹ˽ʺ󣬶㣬ˣҸеӺ¡
˺һ漴ЦҲãҲգʵⶼҪδ㵱Ϊƭ㣿δҪ߳ȥҲΪƭ㣿һеһУԸô˵棬Ǽ٣ʲôϵأ
Цν໥á
պǺǵҸϲֹϵΪŷԼǶá
ͻȻͣе貵ǿգĬĬţ˾ˣһҪ
˳Ŀ⿴ȥһ̾ŮƱѽ»ػǾҪŮ˺Ȼ䣬ƺʲôƵãˣȥ֮ǰҵ΢ַһ塣
𾪵ĿźգֻԼˡ
ЦᣬֻҪϵһ룬òһ㲻ͬʵõΣŵǰɷģݣΪҿһݸ֣һҶߡ


1737 
ʼӦ˵ںܳһʱڣʵ涼ںյļƻУȻպЩΪ˲֣ǶԣʵѲãҪܶĹ򣬵ں뽫Ϊһ油ڷˮԣòãһֱûȷΪһ壬ǽڰģУȷԵģһǳӵĶܶڰ鷽棬֪ļϷ
ǧõģͬҲǧǳɵġ
ʴˣǧƭ棬ͨԼƿءǺյһ壬ñ˵İ飬Ҳһǧûƣʴ˷ǷǳġҺԼϲһףǸŶҲ·ߵģϲĹ˾Ʊ̡ʯ̵ȥƭˡ
һֱԥ߲һ壬ֱһı仯ԼΡǵ˽⣬ΪȻͨλģͱҪⷽشЧĴ
ɴ˿ɼǶǧԣҲַգ棬ſû˵ƭ֡
ֻջΪһ壬ڷգˣһŹؼ
ԣڣԼûκεĳ룬Ǹκ˽ףħΨһ룬Լûбѡ֮ǰˣѾˣʹʹƸۣˮһսʱ˿̵̬ͷˣûпµģҸַ̺գԼĶˣʲôģҪʲôӦǺǡ


԰
ٲĻҿɾҪȥˡ
һڶůʯ̳ɵСϣһԵĺաԹ
æʺ¡ʺڳ֪֮û᲻ʺԵֻΪϾҪ뿪óͷϵ£ٻؼТʴ˳ղʺ𡣡
϶֪ѾˣΪǱϻѹϵʴˣһģȻ˫֪֮ĹϵѾѱ˵ˣһϷüȥΪʱûմ򵹶ԷҲ͵Ϸ
Ҳ˵˵㻹ˡԡ֡Ŀۺգ̾㸸׵£Ҳ˵˵Ҹ¶Ϊеϧģûг£µĹͣԳϧ
˵ţһ̾
ĺϧôһᣬȻôˡ
յлʺ֧֣ǲôʥƣ콵˹ˣȿ־ǡΪⶨϲΪûдﵽزʴˣŻ購֮ڣ߳¶һһɳ죬δؾǺ¡
Ըвǻ룬Ҽǵ㲻һˣǣֻǳǫ飿
ҡҡͷʺ˽⳼ģɲһǫˣҲȷһˣĻʱ˿Ӧڼ̫ˣŻôһ뷨
˻
յʺɻǵã˵ģ
ΪͻȻĿһ
յͷΪʱһܹˣûһ㳼ŬҲô˳ɺϵǣҲԴһꡣʵϢʱȷʵЩ˵ζȣ볼ԤЩһ˭࣬ʷǳҲͻȻԼȷȷʵʵԼĸףʱҲǷǳġֱ뵽һɽ飬Ȼˣ˺ˣ˺ˣóЩµȷעģǿ󲻵õģȻˣβ沨
˵òڰﱾû뵽һ㣬ܲζΪʲôҪǲעģܹô룬Ҿ͸еǳˣ񻹺ᣬТ»ġ
ֻЦЦɲûش
ǸпԴһɽһֱΪİ֣߰ҳıߣһֱǣŻò׵Ч˵ǰҾ˵ҪһЩЩ˵ã˵˵ûҲ޷ôǿСȻľ棬ҶԣһȫµĿʼҵĸ󻼽ѾˡʱҪңֻϧϾ͵뿪ʱ˿ҷǳϣܹĽ飿
ɫã¶ûв룬ûʺ˵棬˵˵ԼĿʺΪοɡ
Цŵͷ
յΪʺҪ£ǹԼĵλϾһж÷ǳס
ͷڴĿźա
ռ˵Ҫľ㣬һ̫ӡ
оâһҪǰǳοĺᵽ̫ӣеЩš
˵̫ǷǳõģΪֳ̫츳Լ˴£Ƿǳǳѵõģ̫ӣڻʺԣش󣬵Թ̫ӶǴ󳼰ͽĶ󣬿ܶ⣬ʴ˻ʺһҪע̫ӣĪҪЩ󳼽̫Ӵ;Ͼ̫Ӵʱǳס
ﵱȻе˼ͷЦѵܹΪ̫ӿǡ
ЦʺˣϾ̫ӵѣҺѣʦĻ̫ӣΪô˵ʼǺ˸״ˣΪӣƾһ㣬ûΪʦ֮䣬໥ġ
ЦڴЦȻѣȥ̫ӵ϶ĵġ
һȥ̫ӵġ
ЦЦּǻʺʺ˳Ľ飬һбʺ·ߣһʺŬ֣ܶҲӻʺΪҾڻʺԣǷǳܿɹģ׷ңʺھͷĻôվͻ룬޼һߣʺ͡ǻΪʺǣǷǳαʺӦüƹѧԺպҲ½飬ʱѧԺΪһֽͣʺӦúѧԺ
Ҳ˵ˣҲǷǳ޳ɵģν㲻档Цŵͷֵ˵òȻʲô֮£׺Щ΢£ҲͰ棬һὫһģ
յ󣬾͵ϵصҲһֱĿ꣬ҲԴȪʿ֮޼һеսᡣʿʼջȥάԼĵλһ㣬ǲġʺĹâԽǿʢǾͻԽôۣΪֻҪʺ㻹λǾǶʿķԡ̫ԶǺǴǰ񣬿ɻδֹСջʺ󣬶ϡϡϡϡϣȫǴճ
һ㣬ʵѾΪʺṩ˷ǳϼѵزġ⼸꣬ȥʿ巢ʲôͻҽսЩģɶʿ壬ΪãֳܹĻʿҲûзֱһлᣬһṥģΪǵĸ˶Թףʿ֮
ó˼ðΣŵָӦԣ
յʿ֮һҹ֮ðģǾһĹγɵģʴ˲һ㣬һʤ϶ҲһḶ́ⷽ棬һֱ㣬ǿƾˡƾܹ볯УʿڳеȨܹƽʿҪ˫£Чƽʿƽ⣬Ҳʿ֮
˵ʱһֱ˼ţûаܵɫ˵һŸп帮ڵȻŻ磬һʼձȲ㣬Զû㿴ôԶÿĽ飬һֻȻʵĸо
ʺˡ΢΢׵
΢΢һЦеɵѽ
չһ


1738 
￴źȥıӰͻȻüһ壬һĨ֮ɫĵ⡭ô£ֽԼˣǳ޼ɵѽ
ˣü˼
ȻģҲ˵ڲ֪У·ֻصǰص˵޻̸ѹϵָоǷǳ֣ΪǷǳʹ޺յıѡ
ѹһֱûлΪˡ
ͻȻš
Ƿǳģᵽ㣬ȷȷʵʵһѪĪİʴŻרעڷǳ˼ĺյĽ飬Ѿڿν飬ǵ˵Ļôľİ
ɺվĵѽ
Ҳеǳֵĵطʵһֱոý飬Ƕģ˵ҪĻ
Ϊʲôѵڰңأңô޼ҲӦ޼ôݵ⣬׻ǱסмԳˣͰǵؼĵط˴󹦣ȹһΣһ޼ͼƻõģȻĻ޼Ҳһ㷴ûСһıʲôıʲôأ
˳˼֮Уϸźշ˵ôЩϣܹҵ˿
Ȼ˫ĿһСһѵˣˣʵؼʿ֮ѧԺߣֻҪҶͬߣߣôǾͻǷǳҪͬһεսֻۣȥΪƻģ˵Ļڲ֮ءСӹǽƻ͸ϿһжΪ˹ңΪ˱£Ϊңʵһжġ
뵽лȻʣۣͻȻһĨЦ⣬ҲǴһͿһʱ㷽ҲѾ֪ңҾص
ճ԰ȥ˶
գˣ
գ˷ܵܵǰһΪ㲻ҡ
ǹһЦôܲҵ£ϾѣǷǳҪѵİοġ
úǿģæģ֪һʵ㣬ڳ̰ͼ֣˸ףȻǲТһֱڹҶߣΪôĹͣƹֲ㣬Ҳû˿㡣
갡շǳĨĨ۽ǡ
ֺǺֱЦ
Ц£Ǵǳȥ߰ɡ
š
ĵ˵Դ
˳ùĲݵϡ
գʵ㲻üŻȥģʺ͹ҶҪġԵúܲᡣ
յڡ
һĿźա
յ·˵ԹңһˣҲô롣¾ûйʵֻԼ֪£һֱΪӦڳʱϧദʱ⣬úТ˳ǣڳһжˣТ˳ʵԼģǱȣԼ˿ġ
һֱŸ״ˣһֱûΪ״Т꣬ҶԴ˻ھ֮ģȷʵ鲻ؼҼݸףҵȷʹңҶܹ̹ԣ㷽ԣҲΪΪǡ
ѵô
̾˿ͷҲϣʵˣҵȷûм£ڶǸ״˹ݣܱҲûһչˣŸ״ˣڼҿ϶޶ؼҿģҲȫ鲻ջؼһ˵ġԡЩ˵ָ޷粵Ϊ˵öܶԣҵȷΪӣҲΪʲôȥְؼТҵȷټڳС
˵ͻȻһЦеλ֧ңǸеοѾ͸ˣ֮䣬ǵüƽϺڰףǾͲѣѵڣ֪ˣ㻹ǻ֧ңȰҸһϵ
ԣһЦ
ֵϣܹΪ䡣
Ŵ۾Ŀźա
յƣһ֮ƣĪȣʮ֮ƣĪľ֮ƣĪˡɼǷǳѵģҪˣϼѡ෽涼òô๦ͣôһ£ҿ޷ؼ㣬ˣο㡣
˼ĵͷ
յΪһ˾ľǾͲ˿иԶСΪ֮һʼĲ֮㽾û޶ȣӶ°Ϳ̿żʣǲʮľ˵ĵʮŬܾͻڵϦ֮䣬˭ָʮѪȥһϦأǲģǺ˺ˣһҪΪ䣬ڣʮ꣬ʮ֮󣬳ֻǳһ˳еǾȴɾ°е
˼Σͷˣһסһġ
Цʵôᣬ̵ܹµģ治Ǻܶ࣬ʴϣܹһͭȡѵΪ¼Ψоǲ׷ġ
ƲֵϾҪ뿪ˣȥһͭ
յʵÿ˶ǵµͭΪĿǰѧϰΪҪҵԵͣͻûʸȥˣȥѵˣȥ̱ܽˡӦҪѧȥ۲죬۲쳯еÿ󳼣˼ΪʲôҪôǶԣǴǶԣǴֻҪ¶һҪסһ㣬ÿ˵ÿ仰ĿڣҲֻ㲻ͬѣⲢغԴжҲһǶԵģӦҪ˼ÿ仰ʲô㿴öˣ˼öˣʱȻȻͻ֪Ӧô
ΣͻȻգҪ˵һͭҾЩԡ
Ŷһ˻
ЦǺǵΪһλͭˡ
㶣漴Ц
˲һգķź뿪ʦкܶ࣬Ҳкܶ࣬Ψѣͺһˡ


ζҡû뵽㡪㾹Ȼѡڳ
ĵĿζ
ոյ֪վУáһȥݣζ˼
ζģʱһھΣСո磬ҡҡ
ͻȻСո磬ζ㵱ȻڳΪة
ãϹ˵
ζϽһסá
ֵࡣ
£漴ѵѵ˵ţֿ
Ŀ˼£ǲδ
ͻȻһ׶ʽҵζζĪҪõʽ˸ƭˡ
˵ةһ˲ţΪҿζǷǳ䡣
ʵΪζˣϾζǸ˳ʽͳĽʿܱô
򡣡
ղмʽΪʲô
Ц¼мȡ
ǵҲǡ̾˿ֵǾõʽǸζζò˫ȫڳǴôǮһ׬֮Ǯܹϵʽһٺ»ζҲһҲһģǰ䡣
ܵܵ磬Ǯô
ǮףǮĶٴСһζȵʽǿˡպߵ
ͻȻСո磬һֱ˵ɵôɫҲ˵ôôֱ

㶣ͷ⵹ҲǣֻǷҵĿǲԤζģζľˡ
ζѾöųâˣߵСո磬ܱܲ˵ˣةûзʲô֮ڳΪڳ߻໰ڳﱸС
У˵˵ֺǺЦ˼
Ƕһ˫˵۾ͻȻգǳЦ
һüġ
ʵȻôΪģҪ֪ʼζŵʽܴһ£ˣôнôţȻҲⷽĿǣֻ̫ϲԤˣǸһĻᣬ֮£Ǵδʹġʴ˺ϢﵱȻǿĵģͷҪݵģζǸ˳ʽʵģô˵ǲϣζΪ˸еԱ䲻ϵʽܣǵʽ䲻㣬ҪԼĳҪŵһݸ顣
ȻҲ˵ģΪЩ˶ļˣԼļ˻ԱУҪһһģɲɹǶǺ󻰣һܰĿ֣ٵʽ˾Ӳȥƭζĸ飬⺫վͷˣ˫иô˫ջ񣬾ˣһһ϶ãܹĭȻã㲻ɣҲܻҸĻ䣬Ҫ˵ԽߣƳҲǷǳںģƳļ޵ĸҲǶȥʺõӡ


1739 
ʱգٿᣬճһ£ǾѾ˺ܾãҪٲͣ϶ġ
һεǴһģͳ˧ΪĽһҪʿʿȻͳ˧ǣǶõһǨѦʹͱΪʹͷ棬ûڸǰһءǮƣξǸǲū澡
ʵڴ֮ǰǾ뺫մЭ飬ҪķͣҪū澡
Ϊڳ֮ǰ͢ոհ䲼ȫµġū澷¹ڵū½ΪҪ˰ū澾Ͳ㣬ū澾ͲƣԹūǣǳֵǮū澿ԴΪūȥū澣ʵ͸ǮǮػҪֵǮΪҵصҲ½Ϊ̫ƽȣ󲻸ߣǮĻͶʣǮ׬øࡣ
Ƿǳ⡣
ʿһҪݡ
һ㣬ÿʿʮǮĸ𣬵жʳ˿ͭǮռǳ٣ΪҲûʲôͭǮô˵ʷߵĸǰûʲôǸأ˰߸ΪƽʱŴġ
Ȼأ˸𣬶һ߸
ѧԺȻ׵壬Ϊʦʸ֤ʦż÷ǳͣǰĻҪϵøһƵãĻҪ뵱ʦŶûУҲԵʦʦǳɱӣˣ͢ڹУٽʮѧԺ
ңȫŮѧʦĹʣãǹҸǮҲ׬ģõҲۡ
ǣļҵֱּ͢ˣ˵ʱ򣬾ҪȣǶԷʵǲҪ󣬷Ļо
Уӵвƿʸ
һϵʵĳеЩΪôһ˵ĵλǴȵߣƳ䣬ܻʧ⡣
Ҳ˵ʲôΪ߾ʵ̫ˣǮҲ˼ģûлǮѾǲˡ
⣬ڸ߾ټȫʩơ
ָĿƣΪʣڵĿǰ߾ǿأ˿ֻ߾ƷˣָĻݣΪԭ˺ܽеģȻ꣬ԭʵۻǻΪһִУȻĻƾʲô˵孴󶨣Ψһ磬һּ̳йϵԭԭģֻҪ̳ԭͳЩؾӦģйġԹ治ǴӶʮһͿʼģǰټþ͸Ϊܽݡ
ݴʷʹ쵣δʱΪԪһΪ˾Ԫһȴͳܶݵ񰲾֡ܽݵĻνĶΪܽݴʷΪܽݵĶɾ˼ګĶӣ˼ګӺյĽ飬ɵȥɶ˴˴սҲ¹͡
ԭôᣬҲԶѦʹǣûʸͳһݵľӣθ֮󣬶Ϊø٩Щ˾ȥĻ벻̫ÿƣҵ˭˵㣿ΪǷֿģĿǰҪչģǿ϶ΪΪºɶˣǵȻʹ˵㣬ʹ졢Ķȶ汸ǷսҲεĹϵ
ƽʱĻֿģ¡ɣǹҲܲˡ
Ȼ٩ҲûЩ˾ŲԸʺĵطسھеûбҪȥƴλ˵¡
ʵʵҪ£ˣǷǳнġ
¹Ȼ룬ھǷһʵƵ۹ķȦݡݵķƵ¹Ȼެı߽紦ȥֹսȼյԭ
߶Ϊݶ۷ݶͳפ¹Ȼ롣
ַնΪʹפݣȫ渺ެľ·Ϊھެһˣô¹ȻΪ˱֮ء֮ûнնڵȡ󶼻ΪοնѸߣȥ󶼻ǱΪնǷǳҪģδնһġ
նפݣܱ
ǱмȻɻΪ󶼻ϴ
պ̵ģǰĹͣȥǼ˵ΪƽؼȥؼǴӮˣҪǴˣһҪɱ
ͬʱְ䲼ǻʵۼλִ⣬ʵǸ跸˼̣ȷ꽫Ϊ˷
ʱţȷʵǳ壬һ㣬Ԫȫ꣬Ҳû˿вκΣ߾ⶼ޴ı仯š
ĻȷʵûѾһƷԼֲҪЩͣҲֻĶӡӣҵȻǾѧԺѧԱѾƷԱ
˵ԭ˴ηͣտ϶׵壬Ϊʵһ֣˶ڴŴƵôһֻ࣬Ҫǿ϶Ǽ¼˸񣬺ղŶʮ꣬˺ܶܶഫͳʷǰ
ϧԸΥڷ͵׶Σ׼մǳʣջ˺յһйְȴ⺫ɽΪزһũԣǷǳߵزĴĹζΪɽ޽ãǺվܾˣû̫˼
ҲôҶףղûʧ裬ٻġ
ʴɢ֮Այ
ΪҶ֪ΪʲôʱղΪõȵս¶꣬ôЩ¶ѾĲ࣬ձҪ뿪ΪТǱҲѸΪɣˣҲ׼֤ϾҪ뿪


ʱ֣վںԺĴ£ǿô¶ᣬô˵ѣҪȥһЩᡣ
һͻȻ˹ˡ
ͷһЦ
εԲСˡ
£漴ЦǺǵҪҶҪܹȹ꣬ʵϷһԸ˵ţһ죬ɡɼջվţüǲҪϷ˵
յͷ
˵
ճɰΣŵʵʵмСһֱˣСʵ˵Ρ
ʵʲô£
ǡǡ
ⷽ棬յĿڲŴòϣΪԼҲԼĳģȽϻˣҪԼ˵Ĳ֪οڣǽһҪ˵
ͻȻǺЦ
£ˣЦʲô
Ҫ˵ǹԪӺСӵ°ɡ
մʧɫˣѾ֪أ
ͷѾ¸Ϸˡ

ֹҲǵģҶ˵Ӧ˵
ڰ֣ҵǾöԣǱϾǸŮҾϷ£ϷΪĵҲ£ϷϷҪĲ١ɣɡ
ڨڨһЦ
ϷҲظ֮ˣʵĵλԼܹͣˣϷѾǷǳ⣬Щӵܣ֮꣬оѾλ̣ǻ㣬Ƿ糾֮أǰٰݣҶµÿ˶ǾľϷڣϷǷǳм
ĵλһҪܹ㣬Ұ㺫ҿ֦ɢҶµĸԣϷˣЩģ˭ҲȰˣϷһֱ۵㣬ҪԪӺСԷֵһ£Ϸ򷴵ǷĲ٣ԣĪİҲӦģΪҲһ¡
˵ǺһЦί˼ԪҺңɲϲϷû뵽ܹӦ
ǹ˺ͺ˵Ĳ֮ͬǺ⻰ǵôŮɣôãںĪİΪûмں֧֣ȫ¾һˣȲϱ˵ĵط㣬ҪҪԼ֧һ˾⵱ȻǺ£ҲǺ¡
һÿһëϸ׶չĵл½⣬л½⡣
ЦǺǵзٴ£㶼̩ɽǰ治ɫȴΪ£֧֧ģǣɼĶ˲һϷο


1740 
ĸʱ֣춼ǺģҹɫһнĻ£Ӷĳóȥ
СҰҪؼҿ
ó֮мһϣһڳԯϣޣǳ˷ܵµ
ܵܣŵȻĻѣСҰ
ʵܵںǰͺؼ翴¼䣬˭ֲ½أ
Ȼɲȥݾסʵ¥ļң㡢ζǾļˣֻؼȥ֮顣
ͷһҹĺͬҲǷǳ˷ܣºͺյı£ſڴڣĴ۾۶գųһУȻһƬڣҲüԡ
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Ц첻Ǹ˵ôҪصļȥҲݡ
ʵΪʲôҪصļأ
ûϲΪʲôʵ£һֱûи˵̫Сˣܲ˵Ϊ㸸ײТҲ֪ĺʵŸҪȥݡ
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֪ĪյȻ׺̾˿һ¶ӵСԴҲСˣЩӦ֪
Сĺͬĵͷ
ԸвĿ˺һۡ
յʵֵ
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̾Ϊʧ󣬵½Ǯˣˣûڳֻܻؼȥ
գգۣͻȻʵܰ˵ϲԵĻǹˣҪܶܶǮǺܳԵô
⡰ǳһˣֻд˼ҲųԵϣǳϲԣȻԡ
û뵽ںС룬ĥ£漴ʵӣԲǷǳѵġ
ǸӵĶԻƴסЦ⡣
ۿһ죬СǺԡ
յǵһҪŬ׬ܶܶǮ
һһҪ׬ܶܶǮ˵ţһͷںջǱ
ձŶӣжöӣԺͿˡ
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Ȼ¸ոտڣͻȻӦǸŭѽ㣬ң۸ôɫһ䣬ߵҪԣԼ׬ǮȥǸһС
ҪһС
Ʋˣת»ʼ
úֺЦºСƨɣֺݺݵ˺һۡ
պ޹ʼ硣


콥
ڵ·ԵһСɽͷϣվˣԪոƽ١
СӣǲТԼ͵͵뿪ȥšԪտŴǰŭ
һͻȻתͷԵĴƽ٣ƽüźյϴޡ
ƽƺδԪֺϴޡ
ƽһתͷĿԪա
Ԫʵʲô
ƽҡҡͷûʲô
ԪյʲôʱҶʼأ
ƽһ̾Ҷλ÷һ˵ĸо
Ԫպ˻
ƽٵȻ糤޼ɡЩǣɲ⣬ǵɲҲֻԸʿƽǾѣλ÷ȴһҽǶС
Ԫ˰죬ôԽԽͿˡ
ƽٵʵҲеͿԭΪһˣȴоҲ֮С
Ԫ룬ôһ˵ҺҲָоԴػصҿ϶£ҶСйء
ƽۣ룬¹߸ҲڶԼ׵ķĹǻۣӦ취⡣ѵֻһɺϣϣҿֻһƣɺϻᷢϡɺϵĻΪʲôҪô־õʲôأΪʲôƽ񶼻оԼ֮У
һԵԪռƽ¶еĿ֮ɫֻĪİοЦϴСӣҲؿգǰҲԩ


ͬʱڳͷϾۼ˲ˣ˶һĿģͱգɼڰУżߵΪһֱĵҲ¡
ʧǣǲδգֻǿһ¹ڵͷͷ
ԭ֪϶в̫ϲɿĳ棬͹ųϢջ˴뿪ʵϾ뿪ˣȻ֪ģ˽뿪
ԪĵѩҲ̳ʱǻϣȻ˴½ϡ
ȻҲ̫ϲֳ棬ûа취̫һϹͷǾܲסɾҪ࣬ղڣҲҪȥӦЩˡ

û뵽ľ뿪˳
ͻȻ˵
һԵ¬ʦԵųԸȥΪТʹΪ࣬Ҳ˸еܵġ
ֲǴ⡣
еͷһƺ̫ͻȻˣ㵱Ѿ֪ջؼТһΪǲ뿪ģмһתۣȴ뵽һת۶ûг֣˸еǳ졣



˾ˣԭҹѾ뿪˳¼΢΢
棿ںɵ
˵ģڶֵҹʿҵģ»˻ͺճǡ
üΪҪô
¼֪˾ȻϿգﻹͦºգ˾ģӦûʲôıƣ뺫ֻǲ뱻뿪ɡ
£ͻȻЦԶԶԣϷ㽫¶ˡðС뿪ˣð
һ䡰ð·˿ǵڶ䡰ðȴֺЩã
ԭļƻУͷŵˣһֱ˼ζԸգѹסգͻȻ뿪֪øʲô·ʧȥ˷һ㡣ü˼һӣͻȻ̾˿ϷæŰ¸ʺԸ޼ЩԪϣϷһֱϾ˼ߣǳԺ֮֡޼Ҳ뿪ˡΪ˾ǲǸùһ
¼һͷһ£⣡̫˽ˣһдúãĲɷǳڸζ棬ǿɲóģǺóģҪɵĻǵھԾĹֲô˵Ҳڵλ˳ֶˣҪû¸ɣͻԵ÷ǳܣ¼Ҳ˵һתͷ̵˾˿⣬мԳǶһսñΣԴĻЩٻصУɾ鷳ˡ
̾ǱѾֹͣԳ޼ıĵ飬ϷΥ
ʵҪĿ껹ǳ޼ɣмǣڵʱֻ˳ʰˣΪЩУǾССϺϵ⣬ֻϧս±Щ˶һ٣ԼҪ뾡취ȥԸǵĻʧ緶ˣЩӦýԬСආȥԸҪƿش֡
¼΢һ˾ˣʵ޼һ£ףһʿ֮޼һˣͣҲƲôķؼ䱳һй֧֣ҪԼڳеĵλͱѹʿ壬ѹסЩʿ壬й廹ǿطá⣬һֱǱºͻʺģ˾˺β֣ⷽɴԼĵλ
һǺðʿ֮꣬ƳҪìܣҪǸɺһƱǱѽóģͷ˵÷ǳԣǻи


1741 ½
ˣˣʱ˿̣¶ѾҪˡ
ȻһǰоѾϢ˵Ѿ׼˺յĴǳʣؼТ
ǣ˶һ㣬Ϊ¿϶תֱۣ뿪Ϣ֤ʵˣв˱л롣
ľϻֻʧȥˣŻᶮϧ
ΪЩڵߣǳԺ֣֮ÿ߶յϢϢصģƽʱͻãȵ뿪ʱҲŻͻȻ֣ˣԼĻ˵Ĳ
ڣﶼȣһߣ̱ã·ʧȥ˷һ㡣
ºղû죬İǷǳĻգҪ֪ǰòųһ࣬Ҳû˭߻ģճǻ飬Ǵ˷뿪һյ뿪ģѾǹԱ


غ㶨ɣⳤʧȻá
ͷϣֻããˣվͷΣȥͷƤ顣

һƷˣȺи߾֣˾ţ֮ż˽һʮͷǰȭʷСĴѾˡ
գһĨ̾Ŀȥ˱չɡ
ܱ߰ԣż⣬ȥ
ðΣֻһҴ󴬳ںӵľͷ
Ⱥжʱ˵Ļ
ֹúһͣͷϣֻг
ֵܡ
ͷһ湫ӼֺǺյֵЦ
ܿ㱻ܱ߰յĻڸˡ
С磡С磡
ܱ߰ո
װϵ¡ܵܵ˶ɵˣû뵽ô׳۵ĳ档
յ¼ʹݣΪںյľüƻǷǳҪһǡǡˣʴ˶ݵҫ÷һɵ飬һֻ˲ʮĹ⾰սͣǴ氡
յٹҲݵģ˳ţԱʱһ䣬Сͬ硣
ȻյһػصݣݵӰǷǳ޴ġ
յĻݰնԣӢ۹ûȥںТ⣬ΪݵҫȻﴵյĵλԽߣݰճҲ
ɴ˿ɼڹŴİնԣңȻǼҸҪϱнޣоģˣݰҲô飬ǹˣֲˡ
ǺտɲŪԼӢƵãֻһƽֻǺĵͷ
˵ĻУµô
ֵܣ֪᲻ҡ
ЦһѾͱסգҡ
ô˵ע£վøһ˱ҡҡλεģ߯ҲˣϽƿЦˣˣˡûиֲΪ᲻Żģ˺ò
ЦúǷŭƨɣ׼ŭʱһͻȻסЦ
С֣һˡ
ӵһϲ
ϲʵҲϲֻ̫ˣᡣչǰЦ߸ɵͦɹİ
չҡҡͷͱάˣŸ´ѵܿʲôأһ治ˡ
յҵơݣҪչҵչĲãЩΪҪΪһ˻ҿɾһˡ
չ㶣Щ
ֵҲҪֻǻؼТģǻؼװƵġ
չɿЦΪ룬;ʱʱ̶̿ڹעߵ½·Ҳȥġ
硣
һĺ
չ̧ͷһѩ
þñط꣬Ȼһ˷θ
ǱάΰҲʹɫִڣкٶ¶еǳο⺢óˡ
СգСӡ
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Ⱥв˺ѰȥһϤףۿ΢΢һЩʪֵ壬塭ʿǽ
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Ǽո£Ǽ˵嶼û˵Ϳ˵Բ𺫴ɽŪúջȥοúˣɶүүġ
չͻȻСգﲻ˵ĵطȥðɡ
ջδڣȴȻ÷忴
ճչɵǼŮ
չ£漴ЦЦϾŮħͷģҲ¶˵չְͺһ˻÷壬ȻЦҲһȥˡ
;߶վŲٰա
С죬ڻص÷壬뿪ʱ÷ǲܽģֻС峵ͬˣ÷·ǿׯǳĿ
ǺµĿڣ÷ѾõСľݣһС¥ʵڼ䣬˶÷壬СһɳѾɼҵʴ÷ĹģҲû̫СȻ·ˣҲˣһһľںյļ䵱УϾ˵ϸĿһһľ
Ȼ䣬һȺ˴Ӵӿ˹ǣǼգ޵ϡﻩһǾöԲסգûտúɽȷģϾղǸϼһ԰ģТģһÿޡ
ǿŽոӭ÷塣
㿴ǰǰסǶС¥档
·ǳָһС¥յļʱӿֳеΪҸķ
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𣿡ǺЦ
ǱѩԪĵСĵڣ㿴ǱƬô
Ԫĵͷôأ
ѩЦձһƭһǮ˵ţָǹ壬Σʵλҵġ
ԪĵһЦ
ţյĴԺǰΪҪúյĹʾӣǽΧ
ף⼸˭ģ
ôԺͻȻָܱ߼һģһС¥
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Цǹ˽⺫ա
尡һ̫漴ЦЦ
һԵĺ˸Уİ¡
´һӣվһȽȥ˵ţǰƿš
̳ȥµĴȣҲҪһȥ
ۺЦЦȻź˽
Сˣһʶ
Ǻǵ㶼ѾϰߣѵϷûϰô
ǵҲǡ
ѽڰ
ܾܵϲĿǰǸּСҰСҰ㻹ǵôǾ˯
СҰЦŵͷ
ܵܺٺٵ˯˯˵ţһƨɾȥ
ֻͨһ
ֱˡ
ϣ
С֣û°ɣ
СҰæǰС֡
һԵÿЦС֣Сոʣеġ
ܵͷЦЦ
һֱģû˸ҶҲάһ£ǵʱǸС˯ģС֣رСξܵ

ûб䣬һ㶼ûб䡣
¥£һУ˵ߵʱʲôӣھʲôӣҷǳɾ࣬Ȼɨģʱµãʽһģһģ¥ݣȻոµģûһҪ֪÷ǰǸ㽨跢Ƶģֹ
Ҫס¥
ָŶ¥
ޣһֱסöǴլԺûסС¥ֻǳ档
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̧ͷһСһ㡣
ĿͻȻԱ
Ŀһƫҵ̨ᣬһЦ


1742 Т֮
ԭ⺫½磬ӦҪϯҫ鹣һ
ǴӺ´ص÷壬ӭģޱҵĻҲмдھεĿ
Ҳ˺գɲǻװƵģǻТġ
ŴТźܶǵģ˵֣ܻͣззܣȻӲܻУܰϲ¡
ãǻãʵС˻ã˵Ļʢ겻зǱض룬ǽϹҽ
ңµ꺫ڼҵʱ򣬳ûз֮⣬ʲôɶˣʱ¥ȥɼТڣʿ塢ԱǷǳϸģΪǶũԣûôϸͨ겻£ڼТǳʲôһ˶ö˺յʱ׬ǮҲû˵ТʱǷһƨծũҲˣҪ׬ǮĻǲǵĽô
һʱһʱ˶ʶգ֮ǰι飬Ҳ¥ҪȥĻĻᱻץȥΡ
ǵˣ׳ԷҲΪӷϴȻҶǳӢ۹ǵÿƣŶû룬ֻǰվһ޶ȥɽķĹֱֵˣĴǶȥˣлչɡЦСֵˣԭǸƾӹ
ǰɽķĹ÷һСɽϣѾʯǲպҲչɣҪ身ɽزһ񣬹ʴˣո׵ķĹǨƵϱߵһɽϣչɻרʿˮѣɽͷǺɽķĹ
ڶѾȫ޺ˣûȺ޽Ϊǰ÷ĹѾˡ
ĹûõȺҺҲ˴չɣǧĻǲܻὫԪĵѩָдȥΪǵĹϵûʽվТ֮չɵȻûѩѽ
һݹչɡЦǾ뿪ˣȻкܶ໰Ҫ˵ǽ첻ʱˡ
С֡СҰ뿪ˣСַǳеȥĸǰݼСҰҲÿʦĸס
ֹһҲ뿪
ɽͷϾʣºһˡ
ΪСһĶӶˣȻؼչ˺ӣʱ֣ɽͷϾʣºչһˡ
ͻȻĿһ̾ü¶ŨŨ֮⣬бںɽĹԣ˫ֱȣۿ΢΢Щʪ鼸أʵԲ𣬸״ˡ
һ˵Ҳ˸ףӣǰǸףܸṩһܺõİȻҶ˵ǲ棬ļ䣬̻ȥһףȥΣʵѾҵĸף˵Լǳ˼顣
˵ţЦҡҡͷֵԣѡĻҲôѾû·ǲģΪһˣһȫᱻٲ֮أһĶľ֣Ҳһˣ壬йϵ˶ڡ
ҪӮʤôҾһҪʺҶ֮뿪Ϊڻû㹻ñâֲܿ뿪Ļҵļƻ޷ȥΨ취˶ţһж⣬ǻŲ뿪Ҫ뿪ЩǲŶϹ
˵ܣҲܸκ˵¡ĵѩǣұǣҲֻܸ˵˵ҲΪԼҽڿѣΪһһͼƻõģʺʲôֶԸңҶٸһλᣬҲôΪҪݶˡ֪һԭҵģΪΪңΪңУҡҲˣкֱӦҲϧ
ںɽĹǰ߶߶һ磬ֱʱ֣µɽȥ
صС¥ԼڣļƻǽϣɰΣ̿ȦһɽεͼȻú
һǷһ˿Цʹʹ񡣡
ҹĻ٣һյ÷Ҳڰ
Сһﶼ˯أ
ϣŸոմ߳Ԫĵʵ
ԪĵͷЦҡҡͷǻ׽ܣǵҪ˯һݡ
һȲ裬ʵĺܸл״ˣΪ״ˣǲܹصȻһϲһ˿һ𣬲ҪڣҲһЩĲķ÷ĸ飬סС¥ڣҸУΪǳɡ
ѩͷ½˵ǣʵ̫ˣ¶СĽвܾͻһߣǵš
ԪĵЦҪԵ򵥣ҵȻҲԸ⣬Ƿλ˳볯һвӷΪжһԶȨƾӣȴǵĿܾ֮֡
Цĵ㲻ã̫࣬ź۵ġӦҪֹϵģÿһվˣڳݣˮڣôҲκ⡣̸Ժ⣬ͻ̸̸Ǹϧ԰ԴҿǳڴŸ״ˣǡĵѩɲڼǵó׬ǮңϾҸж㡣
µһۣףΪʲô㡣
Ԫĵѩͬ㻹һ˵գͶȥмĿ⡣
ΪТĹضԣĿǰԪĵѩݣǿԲТģңТΪƣǿµģ˵ܸɣȻǶɻԪĵݣ׼ҪӹԪУвסģѩϣܹĽʦģֻ˵ڸ鷽棬ֺÿڣֻɺڡ
ںնԣںĸǰТⶫĲ̫ںǼƻһܶˡ
µҪĻǾʱҪ֮Ĺϵ˵ô಻Ҫ鷳
յͷһ֮˵㡣˵ţֿԪĵѩ
Ԫĵͷͬ
ѩŵͷ
̾˿һ֮ϾҪˡ
յҾӦΡ
Ԫĵѩԥĵͷ
Ц֪գֺαص
æҲ⣬Ƕͬ£ûΥأƻǼҵƶȡ

ʱ֣֮쳹÷塣
һҲ𴲣Ǿȣ򡢺ʵǶͦ԰
㻹ѽ
ȺĴл˼Ŀźա
Цòóԣ
óԡֱͷ
ҲĬĬĵͷ
յϲͺãǾͳòã
һתǺԻ
úǺֱЦ
͵Լȥ׬ǮھҲûáεĿۺ
Nɪ
úֺЦСӡ
ˣʲôţ
Ŷһңһȥݷһ¼λݵѣ⼸϶סˡ
ԪĵͻȻղҪȥݷô
յͷ
ΪǣΪЩ꣬ȫЩװźտջȻȥҰİݷǣлǡ
ԪĵȥԪǱ߿
ûбҪһȥ˵ûʸ
ѩҲȥҶǱ߿
ͻȻ۰Ͱ͵ĿԪĵ
㣬㵱ȻҪŵܵѽ
ǽ㣬ٲȻһģʵ¶ѣȥҲࡣ
鲻Խ˺СԴԣտҪչ˺ýŶ˵͵͵Ԫĵһۡ
ֱͷܵġšһΪлʵ̫óˡ
ԪĵһЦﲻ֪ʵ¶ܹϵһֱڻ·ϣ¾һֱ͵͵ѵεһ磬ǵܵܣΪⶫÿʵ˵ҲûвµС˼ǳźеҪţվ͸ŵ͵ܵܡСȥݷЩ岮֪𣿡
ɵĺ˵ͷ֪ˣɵ
ԪĵЦŵͷ
һ˳Թֶ֮ʰһ£׼š
սŴһůڣůůģҸЦµһ쿪ʼˡ


1743 Ȼ÷
Ϧһ⣬÷ϣһһľϣÿһϣӰӷ·ŶϦľͲᡣ
һ޳żӵٸһֻһ˯СŮһһСкĸӶһŲӣһ˿ƣſĵЦݡ
һͻȻʵ۲ۣ
Цҡҡͷϻţ·ǳһ̡
ڳʱ򣬺һֱԪұûгŵģһ㣬һֱǳھΡʵҲ࣬ǹʱ򣬳תתɺոԴȻֲͬմ÷߼Ҵʶ˲ѣ÷ĺӣ϶ǷģСһһգһô棬ۻˣǾʢδСԼãٳ档
ŲԶ˺壬Сգ
ֻһ׳ĺӿųͷź֡
硣
Ц֣ʵǴ
մ
Ŷ
Цŵͷȴ˸ɻ󣬴֮󣬱һԵֵ壬÷񶼻ֵأ
ֵͷ֪ѽļ꣬Ǹո׬˲Ǯ˶Ըֵأǣ˸ӣǺ˵ģΪԭ񶼰ȥס˭뵽ĺڳȾһϰеǮܵһɶ
ΪûĻûԿǰʵΪܵԼȻһҹѧǷǳġ
յͷ⵹û뵽ġ
ּ˵ȥĽ飬͸׬˲Ǯֻص÷壬ţ˻ǲڴػǵϺãĻⱨӦģǾͶԼĶȥֵأֵأҲѧҪá˵ֵأɱʱҪɵĶ࣬ҼһҲ⼸ĶسԷ
ЦŵͷпѽҲͦõģ֡泡ԣѾƻɣ顣ǿġ
־ȵСգʲôʱѧʫģСӽİɡ
һ壬ô֪
վȵĿ£ȴ»ˡ
ЦǺǵСҿųģһ˽ô
ЦҡҡͷҲ⣬Ҳǳģֵ壬ڴתתִҶͦǰҪŽö࣬ǰᳳܡ
ֵҲѽ
ղ˻
ֵǰҼһôԣΪһ׶ܹ췭ظΪ㣬ҶøԣȻͶá÷巢֮ʱҲΪǮڶԸҲû㡣Ľ飬ٺϻռɣǾͱҵģͳˡ
ԭˡЦ壬ɵñ壬ڿǵ÷嶥
ְֵһ̣÷ٹ⣬ֻҪڣ÷ɾɢˡ
˵䣬ϺǰЦˣˣȻȥˡ
æ壬ȥɡ
ְڰֵˣˡȻ󣬱תȥˡ
ڣֻ¥ϴԪĵǻˡ

Ż˯ĺͻȻۣſڱ㺰

ֻ¥ݼһ󼱴ٵĽŲƬ̣ͼԪĵ¥ݵתǳ
ʱС
±ˣǲǾͲҪСأ
æСûУϲСˡһƯӻʱʱĿԪĵԪĵʧƵá
Ҳϲ㡣
ͻȻµĴ
Сһȥ
һὫƿбȽϲ˺СӿǵƤþСͰˣʴСֶ΢£ţ׽ŪˣΨ²ң¶ûʲô취Ǻ͹ԶˣǳԲΥ˵Ľ̵ϲ

˵ֿ죬ߵǰﲻҪˣϲ㡣
޵ǽһ˺ѷΡ
Цû£ϲ㣬ȥԻ
Ȼֹ
۾ô
СӡѵŴûҲţȻǼٵġô⣬⼦ȾͿѵûгԱô
Сһƭˡ
һЦҲԣǵûǮգҪǲ۵ĻȥתתʲôóԵġ
ӻζ˼£⹫˵ǲܽġ
յǰǮˣˣȥ˭Եѽ
һתź֣ǿ߰ɡ˵ţźȥδУһܶܶԵģһʧġ
ԪĵҡҡͷҲǵģԼĶӶƭ
ºߵСҲǺǵġǵģҶãƫƫ
ԪĵԴ㵵Ŀ¡
üһ壬㿴ѵ˵ô
ԪĵֻһЦ˹һΪʲôҪƭܵܣ
Ԫĵæˡ
һƳԭҲడ
Ԫĵһ㶣Ƶҡҡͷ
һ˳Թҹ֮Сϴ˸裬ʵҲ趼ǸŵģǺּ򵥵ļͥʴˣ˶Ÿڵ¥棬Լ֣Լ֣Ҳûʲô
ǰ˵²ͻݣʵԪĵʵҲûɹ£Ů˶纫գմźԡʱŮ˻æҵİﺫϴ裬Цһ
С˭̨֮£ҰǴŲľҹ磬ȻƣһǶôܿɹ˶ǳܡ
ǵǰ˵ҲᣬҲᣬŮƵãôҲ˵˵ĵ㣬ҲҺòȥɲôƫġЦЦ
Цڲôֵõҳ
µСӶûгʦôڿˡ
Ȼᣡ
Ԫĵ²豭һǲЩ£һ׬Ǯ׬ǮЩ£ⲻôֻ֮ˣֻԼ֡
ճʵѽ㵱ʱΪβȥ׬ǮˣĻʲôⶼûˣҾԻǻ˵ŮƵã˵ҲᣬҲᡣ
ɫʱ
æ˵ģΪʵŮˣ⻰ԵķԷθƭС
ԪĵһȵĿźգôΥĵĻҲ˵ó
ȴܣȴ㵹˵ɳ֮⣬ƨûãԴʲô˼ñŮŷ
⻹ô
շ˷ۣ漴ɫŮˣڻ᲻׬ǮΪԼȥ׬ǮҲһŮˣǻѡˣʱҲһһծҪɶûɶȴǧѡҡҲˣʮ꣬ҵֵ˶٣κһʾѵͶʣӹԽ񣬾ûκһȵϡң»λһֵѹҲʱҵľġҿԶ췢ģٸһһӣҲôӢͶʡ
⻹ࡣ
һЦźʵǿңڿԸ


ͬʱЦ
ԪĵͻȻЦһɱǣТɱˡ
ЩţӦɡ
ʵڡԺⶼԪҵ˱һǽģϾտɲͨİա
עá
˵ǡ
յͷʵˣ첻ȥһԪôô
Ԫĵһ̾˵ҸеЩʧԪݵԪУԶĽС


1744 ƽ
շ²豭Ц£ԪибȣԪǲƽġ
ЦĵԼҪܸߵġ
ٲ죡
ԪĵһۣǾɣյҲԪиڵĽбȣǼĽУԪҲǱȲϵġ
΢΢ü֪Եɣ
Ԫĵʵ⣬ǰҲ˵
һ
Ԫĵ˵ͷҽԪ̸ĿǰԪҪҵ񣬼ϱóףҲǽеĽƱҵΣݳڣ֮⣬ļ΢΢
ƵԪпݣݳãǾѽ㣿
ЦˣСԪʵ׬ǮĶ٣ǷܹյУܷãֻǸ֮Ľףʹ׬ٶ࣬ԪҲʧȥ塣
ˡԪĵͷֵȣԪⷽԶڳڣӵйÿͻڵÿգйԱǽеĿͻڽ⣬ЩҲʼǮеС
ݣȴģݳԶôôȻǰѾ٣ҪƸ˿ڶǼ÷֮Уǵв𡢵ΪάԼĵλȨ棬ǷԪеģԣ뾡һа취ֹǮԪ֮С
һԭڳũҵҵǲȡӶƣ°տʼǼУ׬ǮȻǮ֮УݵĻⷽ滹ǲ糤ûиĲƸʹ룬ҲûǮԪ֮УЩҲĪĹϵڰţ׼񹤡
յͷ˵ЩʵҵԤ֮УҲǱҪĽ׶Σ·һ߳ģܵ˵Ԫеҵ϶Ҳһֻûнзչô죬ҲϾӽ£ǴƵģԳΪܱƹ㿪ģ˵·ˣӱߴϱߣҲҪһʱգùֽǡ
ԪĵҡҽǵòԪеķչ𡢵ìܣڳãΪ򣬵һָоԽԣΪǲɱģӦü׼ǣŪãӰҵķչ
ʵǲ֪Դкν飿
Ԫĵ̾˵ʵһ⵽⣬ȫͷϣа취
ճƬ̣˵ò޷ģʵǱϣġ
Ԫĵȵ⡪Ϊʲô
Ц͹غ⡣Եطϵ壬͢һֱѹⷽ棬͢һֱ֮ǽһǿ𡢵ΪնûؼǷǳģ˰ն𡣱µȻϣһ̶𡢵ڳ͢Ӱ졣
ǲȡȡȻǲȡģҲõһ档һڰյκߣӦƽ⡣˵һĿģƽìܻδ͹ԳҪΪ˵Ӱ𡢵Ȩìʱ֤˵Ѿ㹻ǿ𡢵ŻеǰΣʱ͢ͿԳ棬ƽ⣬ôͶԶԳ͢в
Ԫĵ㶰ΣЦЩЩ˿ǵûǲһ
ЦǵȻģֻԼС⣬Ǳ¸͢˼ɵǴ֣һҲûеûũ򣬵ȻҲûˡ
Ԫĵüһ壬ȵìָܱ͢ƽأ
յܼ򵥣ܺߡǺ֮㣬Ⱥ˺˵棬͢Ȼվߣ˲ȡһЩֶΣñ˵˰ʵӦõģܹܺõİЩ𡢵ìܻһܵ˺͢ҲһЩѹơ
ԪĵЦһˣ˸ɱ͢ɴգ͵Գ͢вһɡ
ȻǵġЦŵͷβô룬˶ڳ͢ڱ£ڹңûκιףһõļֵûУ¡͢ƾʲô˷չʵ໥áЩҶԼ˵Ļ˶ѣҲκһ˳˵Щ
ԪĵЦŵͷҵȻ֪ңԪһֱǳֳ֧͢
ܻܲȥ̸Ȳ裬ҽտһգһһ¡һԵͻȻĿ顣
һ㶣漴ⶼĵƫˡʱ˿̣Ӧ̸̸£ñ˵ں뺫Ľ⡣
һŲ㣬һ˵⵱Ȼĵĵɲ̺ġ
Ԫĵ͵͵յȥȵĿ⡣
ҡҡͷҲ޳ɡ
ʵΪΣ
ЦҪԪҵȷҪǿңⷽĵһԲһҾͿԽ̣ѧ棬ԪǾƲҵģĵϲͬ
Ԫĵͷϣ壬Ҳ˵Щ²ż汸֮ʿ඼֪˶ٸѧ̣Ԫұ䱳
յ⣬ĵͨν˫ȫн֮λȫƾ²䷳Ľ̵ж£Ҳ̳ôѧԺҲ´µļʵɼҪ˵ʦ棬Ϊ¼䣬û˭ܹȵ¡
һЦ˺һۣΪҲ֪ڰĵ㣬СңܹȥԪҵ
յˣҾûƫ̻ĵһԸģĵʱ򣬸ĵ̸̸ϵ£֧ġ
ºߵбµǲ֧ңҪТҪȥչɷǵýץɡ
˵ТƵáջӻֵҲһ㣬㵹Ƿ˵ãܹһ㣬Ҿͷϴ㲻ܷõʦȻˣμ縺ӵΣҲֻ̣ǵĺӲܹࡣ
˵ϣ»˵ʲôͷЦðɣҴӦǡ
Ԫĵ̸յȥмĿ⡣
û˵ĵ㻹ʲôôѵС˼ô֮ԴӦΪҺƣΪ壬д˴㣬ѵǵһʶôʲô˭ǿˡ
Ԫĵʱεͨ죬͸֬Ƶãδ˱ɵɷ
Ƿ˽ҡȴǵһЦֳԪĵǵСҡ
Ԫĵίǵ٩˵ûϾһˣ˵˼άⱾΣ°ֵоȥԪڽϵô·䣬ôϵҲͲ
¼ԪĵûǸʹѽԴмźգգۡ
ЦЦôҸãҵõԼҪģһֱ׷ģҲóģȻôǧ


1745 
ǻؼТģݹضԣǲܻ͵ģ֪ȤˣҲźա
Ǻղͬݵķչ뺫ϢϢأΪݴʷչɣζҪ뺫ռһ棬ú̸һ
գչɾԽѩ˻
գ½أ
ںԺ̺ͺˡ
ôҹȥ
ѩȻ֪չҺҪ̸ʴǳʶȤȥ˺Ժ
һߣչɱЦҲҷҿûа취
ҪٲҶҪȥˡЦҡҡͷֵ
Ҳûչȥ£˱Ժ¡
չɺ㼱к£
Цҿɲһģһô˻ǿɲҵТġ
չЦǹڹǰɣ
ôŮˣҷ¥зֵ꣬õġҪԺյ˵ûյҵš
չһΣֻС£Ѿ㰲źˣҴȥ
Цǲ֪ʷΪʲôǴأ
չæָС£˵ԺС£ҵ˼ǳ򵥣ٱݵķչԣġ
Цҿݷչͦõġ
չ̾ǷչĲʵϣҲǲٵġȻǽģǽϵ÷չΪѸٵģ֪ҵƻĸݷչô
£ѵݣһֱΪݡ
ݷչĺãΪ˺ӵתվҵչõݡ
ĸݣ
½ݣݵ
½ݣ
΢һͻȻ½ݲǳ˶췴ĴӪô
㻹˵ˡչɵΪ˶棬½ݲŷչá
Ҳ֪ǸŮôղ˼˶档
չɼյüôأ
һûʲôֻǸоȽϲ졣
չЦôѵ벻ס
УŮȥ˺ôһ˵ǵ𡣡
ˡչɵ˶췴ɱ˲ˣҲصʿ͵ʱ췴ĵʿ𣬺ֱ͢𣬵½ݵ𡢵ǷǳģصİնڻָĹУҵƻһ½ݣ̵õ˰յͬõĴ˿ǽ½ݵģݡ
ΪǱסݣݵ𡢵δ⵽һʼʱ򣬳ĻݣǴܻӭԽԽĻݣֲٵˣ˵ʿ𡢵ľΪвǵĵλǵʱǴǹʴֻڰ˵ķչñ˵ư񹤣Լ棬ˡ
ȻûֹĻݣȴ谭ݱ˵ķչΪҲ߳ģǻû磬Щ˲òʿȨ¡ݵķչ˵ǵһƿҵǵģȥ˹ְǰݷչĺãҪΪ㣬ݰշǳ㣬Ϊ˵ߣǰݵģĻɾ˵ˡ
ǰԪĵҲᵽ⣬ɼǱȻģżȻġЩʿɲɵôĿҲǲԸתͣкܶˣѾ˹̶˼άû̽ոгôΨһİ취ҪֹѹˣҪ˹ǿ
Ȼںյ£ҵ־ƵķչƳһصصũҵ۹ҵ۹߲໹Ƿǳġ
չȫյߣģǷչũҵĻܶ˶ɵúãϾ̫ᣬûжپ飬ʴҵչ;ǽһģԴеǷǳǡ
ǳ˼
չҲżһǾĵȴΪȫգҪа취͸ˣαصȵա
úһͻȻûдǹ٣ǿҲѹ˵ͷߣʿҴƷǳҪһ֣ǲȱٵģҲûа취
չɵҪȥ취ͻƿġ
յ˵òҲһʱǶᣬǵơ
չɻ˻
ЦЩϵĵʿû˵ͨǣΪǵӡУǸٹ̡˲ͬҵԣũҵʵǿζϲ֣߿ŵũأÿһ˶ϣһҹֻҪܹ˸δǵġ
չɵǾԼ񶼿סοǵĺ
հڰֵӦô˵ܹס񣬵ǿ϶ƲסǵĺûǮûĻֻǣǵĺǮĻ˭ܹƵסʵڳҲֹǳ˵Ľ£÷ǳӦֽ֪г
չɵͷ
ֵڳǹٻӵܣǸӵܣǶ붼Ƿҵģǳʵģǻǻȥгˣгǵҵ֮£ǵг֮뷨˸ı䣬ļҡҡżҡҶ˿ʼȡ˺ܴĳɹ񳤰ĹһԼļҵʹͳԼĶȥ߶¡
ͬҲˣͶгʹгøӷ٣ЩгûƵģΪũҲҪгʲôΪˣȻҵ˵¥ԼµľԺЩ˵ģպҴӷ¥һ˲ڲõĽݿ϶һַ糱ģֽҵгøӷ٣ŷ٣˶гʱǾͿƽȶȹƿ
չɵԾհ᳤һףг԰Ժ
յͷˡ
չüǹٸûôǮ
ЦͶʰСֽｨһСּţԪҲݵͶʣҲͶʣֻҲ档ڽ跽棬Խ÷壬Ҳ԰ǵġ⣬ҪҵһǲеģȻ½ݵչӦ½ݴʷɫƷ½ݷչݴһгܻǴģһݽסĻԼԴһչҪֿֿгǵص𡢵
չéٿгɾͲҪʿɫΪгǽڳڵģǳǱϣǽ壬ЩҪгнףһгɹǵʱ˭˵㣬治һͬʱܹ
Ҫǣǽˣԣȷһ鷳Ϊ˹ҪɣͥһгͲҪôˣƾݼѵĵλãԴóгҪȥҶг׾ˣȻƺͲƸģûʸͨҾͷչҵͽҵȵȾӢҵͷ½ݡ
ɴͱسȥˣʹݡչɷǳ˷ܵ˵ԭеã֪ηչǺһ̻Ȼʣδ³ڴ
յͷʵҲ㡣


1746 ʵ
չɵľֻһ˵ǿЦΪΪտ϶ûȥû뵽վȻ˵д˴㡣
㡪˵ģչɲŵ
յͷϲٵĻߣô˵ڹٸ£ҲһֻӵмĶصҪãߵգΪܶܶ⣬ԸЩΪ˹ңܣһ굽ͷҲѵöӡŮһ棬״˶֮ԺʵҸԸһ޾ҰףػԵĻҾͲ᳤ȥ÷壬һСˡ
չɴ㶰Σ漴Ƿ˰ɣͣѾǻ飬Ŀǰĵλ͹ֻͣҪ⣬࣬˵ǰ϶֮£Ҵδ;Ҫˣ⹦δɣûڳƶ棬ҵܷչ
Ц˭̫ģѾ˻ֻҪ·չȥͿԣ˵ǵҪҡ
ôҶͬ뷨ңȰҲ뷨չҡͷ
ЦΪ̫ˣҲһҪôˣҪôڼ޶쿴Źģ̫Ȥˡ
չƵôһ˵Һ񶼿ʮˡ
չЦ
չںҳһ㷹Ͼ¹һݸķչǼ仰̸ܹģֱʱ֣Ÿǡ
ѩڡ
Ҳ֪ô£ҾҸոһɵϡտչ鲻Խ
ѩɲ׼ô˵Ҷ硣˵ţֺΪʲôô˵
һ飬һЦոճԷʱûôûгʲôһĲңǵģһٷԲãȴɵĲ԰Σⲻɵʲôڲ֮ǰҿɱҪɵһЩᶯͳԶһ֮á
ѩһЦ˵;֪
ҷǳʱ΢΢һЦһļ򣬵ǻᣬõʱ⡣
ѩߺ֣ģ˿಻á
յΪǶϹô
ѩڿɻТС
⵹Ҳǡ
սַҿ˿
ѩһģڴֱЦ
εһѧԺ£еô
ѩͷĵǳ˳һ֪ʵҶɩѧԺԺոϳֻУԣȥѧԺԺ
üͷ
ѩʱ㲻Ըô
һŶûСֻ㿴ɩˣһûТڼ䣬Ȼзǿ֪ǻ£Щѡ
ѩ㶰ΣͻȻݺһţޣ˭˵СҲ롣
վǷ򸾣̸Ǻİɣѵ㲻һԼĺô
ѩҧ촽ȻҲ룬ǡҲһʱ˵棬ߺ죬
УǾ֮һóɩպɵ
ѩһۣͻȻʲôƵãգȥһطһȥô
տЦ㻹ǵð
ѩ̵ѵô
պǺǵôˣϣǡ
ѩЦҿˣ޷ţ㵱ʱôܹ޵ô˺ѷΣ
̾㱳һծҲԵġ
һ˵ţһ÷嶫ߵСȥ
ƬС֣֮أѩյĺգֵֻЦ
һεܱܲЦһҵĸܰ
ѩ򴽣ͻȻʵˣ֮δƵģ
Ҫ˵ƿ˵ĶǶġ
մ㵵ûи˵ô
ѩҡҡͷּĿָգɲ׼ƭҡ
εĵͷֽɹһӵ¸ѩ
㡪̫ƻˣѩָźգ㶼ҲݴˡľûмôƻˣһΣһΡ
˵һʶƵáǰȥ
ʲô
ѩȥֱһס·
պٺһЦΪôɵûܵ㳰Ц⸽ɲŶ
䣬˵磬ҪҪȥ㿴š

ѩŵþһ̧ͷһֻһϣε˫ȡ
̧ͷһۣСҰʲôʱģ
ϵСҰЦǺǵһġ
ѩźգⶼ㡣
ҡҡͷⲻܹңʱˣСҰĿһй̵ķ˵ţСҰСҰҲһзٳ
㻹˵
ѩѾߵòУݺݡںսűϲһţȻתС֡
ŽűͷСҰСӻ
Ŷ
СҰԾ£ǺֱЦ
տҪԼһߵĵܵܣһЦСҰһֱڳΪȽʴ˳÷ǳͣӱСְͷСָ߰ͷǷòѾһˣþһ֮δȫȥ˸оЩ֡ĵﶼʰأ
СҰͷ
յ߰ɣȥҲݼһĸ׺ʦ
СҰ˵ͷ
ȥǸεɽʱ˿̣Ѿȫķ˺ü꣬ûʲôֻǿôøïһЩ
СҰĸ׺ʦķĹǰ˼㡣
ǿʯǰḧʯͷϵĿģʱ·ңԭã޾Ⱥۡ
һοľѾȫͬѾܹСҰʦľͬʱȴԲλ࣬ҡͷʦԣǲԶˡĴӢۣҡˣ̾һƬ̣СҰСҰ㲻һʦһôӢô
СҰҡͷ롣
յΪΣ
СҰʦʦңʦҲδһ
ЦŵͷһִļϣЦСļǲǺܳأ
СҰǺЦ˼磬ʲôʱȥС棿
΢һհɣҲȥСֵĸĸ㡣
СҰͷð
һ˵ţһȥ¡
磬Ⱦô
ﻹоƣ
šʱ뿪ʱ˼̳Ӿƣҳ˳Ǻúˡ
ٺòˡ
չһЦ
һСҰһ̳Ӿƹյһ룬ָԼһ룬±Ȼһ
ȻǺþƣ
һĨ죬ˬСҰСҰ
СҰ̧ͷ
յʦڽʱûн̹Т
СҰͷ
յһô˵ģⲻТ
˵ͻȻͣ
СҰ̵޺Ϊ󡣡
ԡ޺Ϊ󡣡Цŵͷ
СҰ㶣ͻȻüͷ磬˵ʲô
ЦֻǾãʵʦТʵ˶ģЩģ㲻Т˳ĻҲΪѰĸףҲʮ겻˵ⷽ棬ұǲԶˡǣĸһϣгһգܹ޶ݼңҲҡ㡢С˵ֵ֮飬ʱǻܿǵĶһˣա
СҰóĬ
ֵСҰӲǿʲôҼȻĴ磬Щ£ǵø㣬Ȼ㣬㲻ʲôԶ֧㣬һҲԶıġ
СҰ˼Ȼ˵ͷ
ЦЦ


1747 ڹ
ա
һҲûб䰡
һոµϣĿĹˣ·Щ·һ㡣˵ţֳһСҰСҰɻǵãǵһؼСֵĳ
СҰһ䣬漴ǺЦ
ںնЦˣɻǵ£
յȻǵãϾµİֵô󡣡
ЦЦĿźա
Сֻʲô¶زסյһ۵
ȻЦǺֵܣµ£˭û˵ϾŪ˲߿ߡ
Цѵ㲻ô
벻ʲôϵ˭Ը˵ԼĲʵ¡תƻô
Ц˵£ǻе˵ߺĺܳһʱգ¶ķţΪɽϣҲֻܸĵۣݰֻҪ£Ƕ޵ҧгݣϾǾŵǺ˲˼Ըֱȥʱһλˣ꣬²¿ţкܶȥ֪λʲô취
룬ҡҡͷ֪
Цٸһʾ˽¸Ϊڹ¡
ڹ£
š
΢һͷڹ£ȷһ֣ΪҪͬ㣬ȣ͵ϴܵõˡҲ˵Ǹ˰ɡ
ɲֹŶЦһЦ
պʲô
Цڹ£ȷݵİźùһЩûаԸȥ֮вٰչȥΪһڹǽʲô£ȥڹǽǱ˼һԹƺ״ƾԭ£Ȼǽϣǻڹ״㽫Լдڻڹ״棬Ȼӽһ¯ˡһ¿ɲˣ˶ȥǱڡ
ʶ̣
ʲộǷ̡
Ŷԡյͷ˼ƽʱ£ҹҲ֮˿£ҪߣȻõ߶󣬱Ͼɲκˡ
Ц˷ܵһи߲ߣ㲻øˣ
һߡʵǲ֪Ǻηʥ
Цźһã˼ڡ
˵ϣǶϣϾ˶һȡ
Цŵͷڹ¡ǽڹ״ơ˼ڣ̻ߵ÷ǳ׼
ʱֻһ˷ˮˮ
ֻСֶһˮ˹мԲ£ٺٵ磬ݺãˮȳҪˡ
ǡЩɣǻʲôЦҡҡͷ

ܵӦһȻСҰʵǷ˵ڹô
ЦҲ֪
ܵܵնȥһˡ
պȥʲô£
ܵŷҡҾǾͦԲҵġ
һʵǷˡûУ
ܵܺٺһЦҿɾͲ֪磬㻹˵ȥڹ֮ȷùˡҲȥ
ûҲŲȥ룬ⲻǲôôŲ⵱
ЦЦѽǴĺСûʲô£ȥ

յǴ÷ǳףأķԿˡңҲŲȥġ
Ц㻹֪֮ͦġ
ǣҿûôα˵ֵˣ˵Сӽˣ˴ֶӡ
Цɣһ֮ڣҵҵˣ͹ı
һӣĿѽһЦʵҵλãʲôŮˣܹǵЦ;֪
˵ѽޣʲôãұӦúɩɩ
ŶԣɩɩǸǸ
ǿɶ񣬷ǳĵġ
ЦָָգֵҲ㣬Ϊֵܿġ˵ɩɩһŮˣ崿ˣ֪һͦͻݵģľΪؼʱһ㶼ңȥ֣Ҳֻ˵һˡ
յļٵģ
ġ
ȥû
Ȼȥˡ
ЦֵҲҪɶҾȥѣңԽҷͦ˼ģȥأ֮Ҳûȥˡ
Ѿ˲ˣҪ˵ȥɣұ̾ͻᱬŮˡССĽһЦ㻹еġ
һֱкòЦһûλޣҸɶѰŮˣɷ˰
պߵ˵ҲˣԼһֱڇNɪ֪û
ЦһЦֳܵܵС֣զøϽһ㣬СӣʱǵĶӾͲȱˡ
ܵܺô˵أ
ЦڵһЩʱɣɲܸǵ֤ˡ
ЦֿСҰСҰأںߣ˵һ㱾¶ûѧ
СҰʲô£
׷Ů˵ı°
СҰֱҡͷ
Цֵ̫˽ˣɫһ
һЦ
ܵһǿСҰļϣЦСҰҪң֪ɶսʱ󽫾ɶСҰȥ£СҰһҲϣСҰ¿Ǳˡ
ЦСҰı£ҵȻ֪£ɶϵ
ܵգۣͰ͵Сб£ȻŮϲ
Цͷ˵Ҳԡ
տΪСҰеۣˣˣЩл˵Цмҵð㡣
Цʲô£
յҲ֪ǡáǸݣǿɲȼٵģҴݷ¥ĹģԺһƹ㻰磬Ҳ棬ʴϣһ¥¥ܳ
Цһֵһʲô£û⣬ңٺ٣Ҳϲһ֪֪֪ҪݣҿǼĺüû˯þˣµôҡ
շŰ۵㻹£ǻТεģôǰЦô
Ц̾˵ҲǣϧҪТȻĻǼҲԳȥһ¡
Цûлô
ֵܼԺУ̸̸ݵı仯ǳ⣬ֱʱ֣ղ뿪СҰûߣЦܸܵǿԼȥ¥á档
ʱ䣬ҪԹڼТҲǲܵģǱߵǺð٣Ϊ¥ݱзֵģֱפˣؼԺĽ衣
÷һǳƧСɽУһլԺռɽȡ
չɵ㿴Σɱ˵ãΪȫҪ󽨵ġ
յòã˵˲㣬ܵͷ˵ţֳһԵݵܣ㿴ô
չɶʱһΣ̫ˣǺ档
ޱĵͷԣԶ᲻᲻㣿
յģչģκ㲻£㶼Բ÷ҲǺԶһʱġ
ҡͷҾûˡ
ЦŵͷУרоҪʲô˵ˣ˸ġ
ݵȥҵķ俴վۡ
ȥ
һߣչʵǺҲϹϾġ
Цô˵ɣңʵҲʲô𣬵ܣҴƵһʧҪı£ҲϹϾ㹩š
չƵô
յΪϲòȡˡ
Ҫϲòȡ˵Ļǵһ㣿չ
ŭˣʲô˼
ѵҪ˵ôչζһЦ˵ڵ˧硣
ЦһУб»رҡ
ǻչǰլԺ
ɣ


1748 ͱƴֽ
ʱ˿̵չǷǳ⣬ΪѾָһ·ǾͶг
һǳõ
ǺաСǵĵ
ǶǴ̣еǮһֱǶһֱͶʣص˼磬ȻüӴͶʣһġ
չɺܿʣݵгģ
һݵķ¥һ¥Ӧߺ˽Ժ÷ԪҺͶ԰ܵҲͶʳҵ
ⶼйϵ
ݵ競Ƿǳ˷ܣǺܶ˶ȥггĿǷǳġ
ҲչþǳһףҸպںջ֮տ϶ĪĹϵǶ棬֪гкܴ󣬹ʴˣǶ׷ҪͶгҪ棬Ҫ˽õꡣ
Щ竣ܶ඼ǳ壬Ǽ嶼ֱ֣ǵżΪתΪɹģ֣ᣬų˼άҲûб̶ҲⲢûʲô׵ġ
չһЩ룬ںͶأЩ˲δͶҵôʿ𡢵ƿȻʧˡ
ȻǷ¥Сּšǵһ¥÷壬йϵˣȥԪнͶг
Ȼһɽ
ǮԼǮҲ׷ԪнԼصѺԪУΪг̫ɹ԰Ժǳ׬ǮҲ֪Ǿ׬Ǯġ
Ԫ˲ͽǮǮϢģôԪоеߴǮϢΪԪŲãҸ̫ߵϢΪʱûͶʵĿ̫ߣĻȥϢһߣǮȻҲͶԪ˲ŤתԼľ档
ԪĵеԼ˰ģԼķТͽԪе⻯֮С
һ£ݷ·ŷ޾Ļʼľԭϣʽ𣬶ʼתͬʱǧҵᣬ񹤣ڣҪҪȣָȥˣ̼ȻҲӡ
ÿն֪ǺոǴģݵӢ۸ǴƣʴˣȻһֱ÷ӣǲ¶ģݵȴͻǡ
ںնԣĲʲôֵý£ΪⲢĸ֣ǰƹƵľáƸһȥȫ¶Ӱ죬ܱߵķֻ츣һ硣
ͺñڳڣ࣬Ųںݽ˼г˼ڿǵ֮õʿ֮
գʹʺ
Ѿ˳ڻʹӼ󳼣̸۹Ҵ£ǰǲ󣬵ѾΪ̬Ƕ߲ˣʦ¬ЩʺˣڶǸʺ۹
Ϊεʵǲ֧ǰ㣬ǵۡ
ҪǣںߺûãξֲˣΪ뿪ǰ̫ҪαԳ棬̸۹ȣʵԶûкôۣʱտɾûֻͣΪ屾Ͳã΢һ㣬пܻᲡ
βǸѪѹѪ֮ļһԲǺҽûοڣҽͽζϢ̫ˣҵóھû¡
ǣֲԸ⽫Ȩٸ࣬Ͼ޼ɲãò׽Ȩջɲһ޼ɣ꣬Ѿչֳױȵ֣ЯΣǿУεҲͬģҲǳ
ΪҪǣϾһŮˣŮ˸Υƶȣ಻һְλӦӵпƺʵ۵ȨǰȨǷǳģɲǻʵһ˵㣬ֻΪϱʱྭλʴ峯Ϳʼʡ˵뾡һа취ȨȻȨѾ˺ܶ࣬࣬ȨģǺģŮӵȨܴĸǶȥǲϹƶȵġ
Լ˵ӦýȨԼҲֻ˵ΪһӣΪɷֵһ£ǷǳɵģӲãʲô¶Ҫ顣
ɴ˿ɼȨҪȴӻʺȨѵöࡣ
Ȼʷջǵ˻ʵۣҲǾǳ£ǿУһ۷壬ǷǳѵģĻӵԺôȨͲҪôܹ꣬ۼʷʵ̫ˣһ
ȨȡᣬεȻѡԼˣϾһˣĿǰǾûдξͽȨʵջڳʱƽ񣬾ͶΪ¶ģֻǹҴ£βԳ洦ˣϾͶ
ڳеĻ޼ɺһɷĴǶˣҲû˸ҷвӵͥĵλ͸Ӹٹ̣ҪҲ̫÷ԣβǱܿյģȷʵ̫ãҲ֪ҪֵһЩܲ˵ӦýȨңǸʺ
⣬ﴦҲйоأڹҷչߣǸͨˡ
ϳμʺ󡣡
񡣡
΢΢ʾ⣬漴ʵ֪빬к
ڿżɽʺ󣬵̫ʥ޶ˡ־Ҹ󳼣ҪԶԴƵĹ׶ŵȣԳۡʱգ๦´治֮糤ң޶־ʱΪݣȣ޼ηɱλܹλжȣ˳Цϳ¡ʺ󣬼̳ȵ־޶־Եµĵλ»֡
ԣһЩĶΪڡ־У϶֪ڼȣΪʺжӦλжȣ޶ԣ϶кôģңһֱڴʿ塢ŷһ˼롣
ڶԣͬҲˣӣȻҵĵλ
Ȼ䣬һףüͷһ壬ʹҡ
֮վ̾˵޶־Ըǣ񻹲ʱΪڴ֮ǰҪȲһˡ
áʣɼ˶в֮
ʴЩ˭ǻʺ˼ɵģʵ֪ʺָ˭
ڵĳУҪ˾ȥŪ˭治һǳѵ¡
һĨɱһһٵա
ľԼʧˣŵգ
ͷ
Ȼ˺գһԼëȻΪֱĿǰΪֹΪĸǹϵʵ϶룬ѵҪӲţҲӲ˵ģһڣСʵǻʺôô
ֹɼǶôĺ¡
̾˿ҪĻǾͺˡϧղҵˣǳ޼ɰߵڼ顣
ʲô
ڴһӶҪˣ⡭ôܣ
Ц˵ҵʱԬ褵౨ʱҲò˼顣
Ԭ褣ԽԽˣ⾿ô£ô֪ģ
㽫޼뺫ܻ£֪ڡ
亹乣ƵǻʺȻ֪Ϊλ
ΪҵʱҲ֪ǾıʲôңʱǷǳؼʱҲԸȥݾߣѡ񾲹䣬ҵĲǣʼգնûκζֱ汣סԳмˣҲ׹
ھǺձסԳģ
һֱΪΪȥŵµģΪ˻˺һӣⲻ֪һжⰲŵģҲһӶѡ
ͷֱʱҲ׺յĶʲôʵڳвû̫һƣǶ޷ıģǶҪᣬԳˣΪǣ˭ұ֤ʮ֮ǻǲΪǣʵõȵʮ֮󣬾һսѾñµΣҶõ˷ͣǷǳµġ


1749 ߴߴ
˵ʱü͸ųΪÿÿ뵽һ㣬ԼëȻûзһϵ޷ġ
ȴǼ伤㲻ǹӲžУΪһֱΪʹ޵ˣǳ޼ɺͺգ޼ѾܣʣºգǿںĹϵܶգҲǶ죬ҪǣûӮűÿҪԳѪ
ˣϢڶԣֱΪģҪգΪջϾ·һȻҲڵԭΪ֪ڷǳ޺գһϣһһġֻտʼʱûаնԸգ¸ڣڹ˷ܣڴݾߡ
ĻѾȥְΪʱ֪ǧѷĻᣬǾҪգʴҪΪ
ڼһƽҪԸʵ̫ˡ
ôǱˡЦһֵǣտñΣһƽûбµͷ˭Ҳ
ڲʺûн¸֪£
̾޼뺫նǷǳƻˣǲûκ֤ݣһֱնĹΪҷǣƾ֤ǲܻŵġ⣬㲻Ҫǣɶ֮۹˾աƃ٩ȽǷǳֺ֧յģʴˣʹһƽҪԸ°
üͷǲ֪ʺ˼ǣ
ЩӣҶ˼ζԸؼһ㣬ҷᵽģ¶˵ףΪЩ꣬ҵķչյߣ߷չȥڲ֮أܳκ⣬뵽һǺգҲֻкܹ⡣ʴˣҪԸգȾҪϳеߡ
ߴߴ磬ڳûнʲôһֱæڹ߲ǿıҪԸգȾ͵֣Ҫ߸ıԸΪʵѾǣյֻкת
̵ʺʵϳںյߣһֱǷԵģǳũңʲôҴƣ޷ǾǿһЩСЩټôȥһģԹũΪȴϵĹչҵĩãʶ֮ʿԴѾеֻǸŭԡ
Ц˵Щʶ֮ʿһЩʲôˣ
ǡ
ճڣͻȻ͵һʺ˼ǣЩʿȥԸգ
ͷȻЩʿҲǳᣬѾ֮ãҪһԽγǲܵģһ㻹ǺҵģҲǳͬʿ֮;γɣȻҲһϦͽ⡣ֻǻؼТҲ֮꣬»ģؼ֣֮Ŀǰǵĸ󻼡
յκߣˣֻҪѹסˣյȻͻᱻݻ٣Ϊ˵ģʿ塢ˣǱҪЩˣպ˽׼ʱ޶־ὫЩʿҲͬʱɣֻҲӦ
һҪʿģһ־庫գΪ̫˽⺫գ֪˲ƻ汾£Ϊǿʱ򣬵ȵջǿ϶࣬һͺյģĻᣬȻǵתǹڣ׼գκһμңսʴˣ£ʿ壬һԸա
ʵڶԸ¤ŵʱҲ£ɽʿ塣
ǣʿ屾뺫Ҳìܵģⶼǿõġ
ֵ̹ʺˡϳ֪ԭһ˱ɵСˣЩ˻ʺĴ¡
޶־Ҫҵĵλʵ¬֣ҲûʲôޣֻѣǱնԣʲôֵһᡣ
ⲻ㡣
һֵ֣ⲻʲô֮£Ͼյ߶ִеķǳãҪıЩƾЩʿ廹ǲܹģٵҪ󳼶ͬ⣬Ǿ֪⳯вҪֺ֧յߡ
̵ʺҪУʦ뺫ǳУֺ֧ա
Ƿǳǳģм¼ϣʦǼģûиһӣ뵱޼ɵȨ˭ҷԳ޼ɵĽ飬ôӣбȽϾ˺ֻʱսΪأȻûʲô£ˡ
֪˼ĿǰͥĹУʦģھͶʦĻǾͲԺգȥģɲУʦһΪǣʱӦ֦ҵ˼ǣ帮ٻ
ԭѾ帮ϣ帮ҲߣҪԸգ帮ѡ帮ǷǳģܵѵΪĴһУбµģⷴһ鷳ʴˣִ㽫帮ٻس
֣ﲻһ£Ϊ帮ƨɲҲľƣѽʺ帮ǱԱߵģ⡭
Ц帮ᣬΪʲô£ֻΪ󳼲֮ǰЩʱ򣬱°䲼ȻҲջؼТҪȱˣʡƾһˣֻӦټһֱţֻֻµ÷帮Щ
Ҳ˵ˣҲ˵ˣڵȻ֪ôһϳˡ

ʲôǳ޼ɵˣ
뿪ʹ̽¼ҸеУǴ¼ǵ¼ϢӶˣֱǲ˼飬Ϊհæ
ǻʺ˵ģ˵ġ
ֽµȥ򵥵ĸ¼˵һ顣
¼亹ֱֱ£̫ˡ
ڵʲô񲻹һƽѡ
¼˾ˣҵ˼ǣصʵ̫ˣǺҴδ뵽ǳ޼ɵˡ
ڵͷ⵹ǵģʺ󶼳һ㡣
¼ʵǲ֪ʺô
ڵʺȻ㲻úٻسֻ
ֻʲô
ֻʺ㽫帮ٻڵ
¼ζ˼£˾ˣĺ°
ڵʲô£帮ںУųԿδռñˣˣҲδضԸ˺ա
¼Ȼڣ帮ûл˵㣬帮Ҫ϶ǹٸԭְĵλҲܵв˾ˣ帮뿪ʱ˶Ϊٻ侮ʯҪ帮ƾԸһᱨЩ˵ġضǳǰˣ˾˱ںָӴ֣ʲôƵ帮ϣƾ˾ݣõųҿʺҲǿǵһ㣬帮ġ
ĴˣֻܳıߣӲߵ̨ǰڵںãͺãҲ֪֮ûбµࡣ
⻰ڷǳںҲôҲֲңͷ˵Ҳ޵ȻˣǾͺúı帮


1750 ȨƳ
ݡ
СмңաһߣһС
򡢺֣ڻؼҵ·ϣһ߱ţһ߳š
Ǻĺ£һһ۵ĸЦͣ
ǸոմӺɽĹǱ߻ϾТÿգһ˶ȥɨĹ
Ǻúãǽ㳪úã
ͻȻعͷСԴһڴĳźʵ
һ㶣漴ЦȻ㳪úã⻹ô
Сʱ¶ϲ֮ɫ
Сüͷ壬ܲģͻȻعͷȥź㣬ǰ͸˵ʮ仰оžǼٵģŵ
һУŵĿ¡
Ҳ֪϶½̵ģΪ⻰ǳУϲĿͷΪС
Ʈʱֻ˵˵ѣû뵽СӾȻסˡҲңùԼ
վȵ㲻ǰɣҲܹңúúãҵԸꡣ
µ⵱Ȼ㣬㿴ǵĶӣõöңõȫ㣬Եľǳ࣬Լĵġ
Ķˣʲô˼˵õĶңǵҲˣᵽ࣬ҵҪۣѵѿô
ˣĺܣ򡢺ȷһҲյĳ࣬ȴ˺ͷڣĺգòȷʵһ㣬ȫʳĳģ¿ˣȻǽȫԼͷϡ
գգۣԼ˵©ˣҡҿûô˵ȴߺգʵˡ
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ңָ˵ǰ帮ǳнգ帮ºͣǲ壬ٸһλᡣ
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帮ȥϼɽǱߴ̽ΣҲý뵽ҲҶȹһء
ŴţεĽӴ帮ѾˣŲɣʴˣѾһսΪؼһսⶼ˳޺װơ
ԪҲˣ̫ˣΪƭܣⲻ֮£ǣǻʺ󣬾࣬¼˭ܲǣֻƾ汾²˷ģСȥ̽
˾òˡ帮ͷ
ԪˣҲһֻԶԸգ»Լ취ҺõǣĺֻһƽҪԸҲǺѡ
帮ֻô򵥵ĻʺҲἱһسҪܹԸˣҲܹԸ֪еĿǣֻڱҸӺ޺ա»õȵʺ֮󣬲


1754 
帮Ĺڡ帮Ϊ׵ķѾγɡ
ȻǶԸĺԭܲһᶨվͬһսϣڱȵԸ޼ɾͻҪᶨһЩŽһЩҪֲࡣԸ޼ɵʱʵ棬ʵƵһĻų˾ȨȨֻ÷Ĵˡ
ȤǣĹؼҲͬˣսʤ޼ɣҪƾʵ۵ƣԼֻϺ꣬ҪٵѣͬҲκΪʵ̫ϲˣŵ˵һֱһĸΪһֱڰ£֣Ȼϼ޻ȴ壬հܶæһ£ǲ֧Ժն֣ûͷǺѰġ
óʲôǳ˿룬Ը޼Ҳˣһ޼ɵȻһִʼʩһյӰȻúա
ɲͬǣԸ޼ɣʰ޼ߵˣó޼ɱɹ˾ǺڳûʲôŴһĸ¤ˣȥأҪԸŴĻ̫򵥣Ŵˣȫһ輶ģյıɡʵߡ
߸һСũߣ޷Ǿụ̃ũɣȻɷȥŰȥɻǱȽϵ͵ģҪƾ跨˼䷨ҪҾɷͷ㣬ˣɷڣת
յҵߣ̫೬ʱĶӲűȥɻɵģ䲼ķʵ˳ƶΪΪ󣬲޶ɷģ˵ӲȥҪûкգ˭֪ôȥôֻһ·Ƿյߣȡܹߡ
ڶգ帮빬ʥھ֮УûйȻ档
Ȼ帮빬ҪҲʺ֪ھû
⹷˾ñط꣬ȻǷǳ˵ģ帮ȻƷģؿɼҪڣȫԼˣң˷ܹȫɲġ
Ҳ꺮ůǱûܿѽ֮ģͽ帮˵øж
Ҫǰ϶⣬ģһҲǷԷθΪף帮ģǷǳѵõģһҪٸǰ帮һĨ˾ӡ
ѾԵɸ֪ɣѹ̽⣬Ϊɲ뺫ٻֻꡣ
帮ͷѾ֪һжǺڴ
̾ⶼңҴźգҲܴѡ
帮æֲûʺ󣬺ʵ̫ƻˣʱ֪˳޼ɵˣһʱҲţռˣĻҪǣǲܵģ帮췢ģƲ
Ļﲻ㶯գҲһҪɱա
ͷ̾ҪԸ°Ϊ¿Ƿǳغյģ֮Ա¿غգյĸǿߣñµͬǰõһս˶޲ߣɺһȥ̾ͰɼֻҪߣôͲܶҲģҶ벻
˵˶٣ֵȻҲ̣ҶǱȽ˽⣬ʵǷǳһģֻһףܹϳߣıҷչķôͳΪģҲһǱɽ
帮ͬʺʥ
帮ֵղһƽ񣬶ڳ˥΢Ҹ֧֣Ҫϳߣ¡
ûô򵥡
һ̾յ߶ִеķǳãҲǳ֧֣㹻ɣϳߣһᷴԵģˮۣܸۣǲΥ֮£ĻֻԸңҲһӦġ
ڵʺ˼ʿ˵Ķ
ͷǣߣΪҳıߣĺܶ˼롢ۣҲǷǳͬġܽǰĽѵһô˵峯֮Ϊ峯վ˰ն棬ñ˵峯ĩľɳ͢ʴˣղŽ£ǰ棬͢Ϊһмˣ˱ܱվڰյĶ棬˴ﵽĿġ
ͬĵҲվκ˵Ķ棬ʿ壬ˡõİ취ʿ˵Ķܹ硣˵ԶЩ𡢵ֻһֱǳֺ֧գҺջһӵܣֻҪ͢΢һ㣬˱㲻ǰôɡ
帮ʺ˵ǣڻس·ϣ·ϵ𡢵ڵˣϽ񹤣Щʿٸ飬׼˽ǵسǡ
üһ壬ǿʲô
帮ǰ˿֯Ʒũڼһһ֯ɵģĻΪЩ𣬵³ɱͣ˿֯Ʒӿأ¸ذ뽵ͣٽά֮أΪһ棬صϽ񹤣һ棬˿֯Ʒ۸ߣʱҲƯЩʿҲ֪ȥЩջǻ߳ȥģǲٸ顣
£δ˵
帮ʺ󣬳ڳʱҲ˵ΪⶼΪյڳչķǳãʴ˲Ϊܹ츣յģʵȻкܶطİܵ˺
۹һԭˡĻǾͺðˡЩֻȥٸ飬뵱عٸȻӣִܹһ㣬ܹ͢С
帮Ŀ˼£ᣬ֪ôˡ
ЦŵͷһҪв˲ʲôĻֻ
帮ʺģһʺʧġ
ڵȻҲףҲ֪ⲻʲôĵĺ£ԾͲ帮ȥ
˼帮νƷѾôˣٲһΡ
ⷽ棬帮൱ģͻȻˣ飬֮ڴձˣԿϳ֪
帮һĨ⣬֪ġ
¡罭СҲŭǣҲܹףͬҲǳ壬ĿǰԣҪǵİ㿴¡
帮˵꣬ʺģԴΪصġ
һľգκ¶Բˣһ˵Сɫʱʰһʱ
ﲢ֪飬Ϊ帮࣬ԴΪأЦŵͷұˡ


1755 
һǳǳŮˣһϣѾҪ׸ȻڵǷǳݵģⲻԴ󣬷ǵˣʵǳѧϰһǼܿɹģҲں帮ûеġ
ڣոʲôͲȥɣ񳤰嶼ʼϽǲۣͬΪ￴ա
ﵱԸ޼ɵʱʵõľǳ޼ɵ޼ıʵǷŰıķ棬ֻǻҩ
ҲˣҲúյԸա
ģ
Ǻʿ֮ǴûʱԼ͵͵չҵֺʿ׼뵽ҵγһµĽ׼
ϸ۲죬ʵѷ֣յ·Ƚˮ룬ȻĲ
ѧҲǷǳףҪ֮ìܣڹԱ˵ìܣ׽ңȻٴ
ˣﻹǳͬյһ۵㣬ǲܺ⣬ΪҪԸգյн飬ôȻ֪ʲôԼãʲôԼá

帮ڼ֮ȥʡ
ʡĹԱ帮ˣǳ£
ʵҲӦú£Ϊ帮ڵ֪ԼԻؾʱ򣬾ĬĬԣҪ侮ʯЩͳͳҲʮ
ЩԱǣ帮һʡʡĹԱǸ˵Լ̫Ƕȥľ͹ȥˣҹͬŬΪЧΪǡ
˵ҪǳԷ
ôһ˵ҸӺˣ帮ҪԷǾǺ磬ΪŵӲ˳Է뷹ҲǱĹԱ򵥣ԼӲ򵥵ġ
ͻȻ帮ҪԷǺֲܿġ
ȴ֪帮ֻĺգ˭ܹԸգǾѡ
ǷǳµģһմϣǺѽ
ʡĹԱ붼ʿȻƶõļƻʿȥԸգƾͲȥʿ׼ַڲᡣ
ǣΪҲʡˣ帮ʱǰ׵ģ֪帮Ĳģû뵽ôˣǻġ
ȵǣ帮ûйͣ˵ʱôƣֲҰʾǸ˾Ǻա
һˣҲˣǻһˡ
һ⻰ͿˣǸжϲΪ帮Ҫ¼ǼҵףǾͿ϶֡
帮һϵеĶ˶帮תôǲǲǣ˶һ
Ϊ帮¶ûбӲûᱨǡ
ڼһУ͸ӰˣΪ帮ı䡣
ȻǶ֪ʵԴһˣˣ帮ưոݡ

ϼɽߣǳͨһɽǷǳģվ￴ϼǷǳƯģʴ˲гϼɽ
ˣǳϼɽɽƺĵۣסƺۡ
Ԫվڳϼɽ£ָɽϵ
帮ͷ߰ɡ
ڻı£ɽȥ
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帮գЩ棬˼ϵ۶Ŷȥֶ飬һԷȴŶɽģǵλ
˼帮ŷǷô˱ɫЩ£ӵк£
帮ʵǷſȥƺۣ
ǡǵġ
ŵļӦ׼۵İɣ
Ŷǣ⼦Ǳ͸գֻûȥ

ǡ
ΪҪ⼦
ŶģǰżʱǷ˲ǮʵǾ㲦һ˲˳ɹѹأԽԽãֻʱ㲦֮󣬾뿪˳˵ˣѰ˼л
ԭˡŶλ㡣帮Цľ⣬ƽ֡
ǣ
һԷߺԪˣ̫
帮ЦԲգǲܲ߰͡ɡ
еİΣһתǣԪͻȻָˣ㿴档
帮̧ͷһֻһʿһʯϣ
ʵԪҲѾ帮ǣ룬䲻ڳȴܹ©̫˼ˡ

ʱݹееԪĵѩе죬Ϊʶĺһвסˣû뵽ܹǲ˵ĲԸ᳤
ܣкηԸ
ݵڣЦĳݵ
㿴
ڴϣָָϵһŰֽ
ǾƲῪڽ͵ģΪԣ̫ˣԼɡ
ռ߲ˣڴβϵİֽһԭһŹͼϸ˿ͻȻ΢΢üǻ
ʲô
ݺ
һæûʲôͼǣ
ݵˮ
ǿһ˵⹭Ҳ˵ǻ׶Ρ
ݵͼɱĹҪӵĶ࣬˴ĳ֡˵ȣṹǷǳӣҲľߵġ
ҡҡͷҲ̫˼ܷ˵ϸһ㡣
ݵԶķһ
յͷ
ݵҲԶһҪһԼߵСڳʱʧܣܽһ£ⶼΪֹҲ޵ģಿû޷죬ĺܣһССĲŪܾãҾ뵽ˮһЩ
ţһﻹһŰֿ֮˿⹤ͼȻʵһЩʵһ۴
ʵô
£ҵȻ㣬ǣƾһͼ˵ʲô⣬һУҪ˷ѲǮġ
ͻȻסͷһ֣ǰһƣֻǵһߵĴľͻȻ
ŵһðΣŻιǿЦãӣôô
תŰ֣һģʹӹ
ģ֮Լ߰⶯֣ģֱϷ
պѵ㣬ͻ򿪹ӽģóʡô
ɫƵ֪һֱ취Ľ
˰죬漴Ц
ţ˼άǳģյ˼ǣôදͻģóȴΪڷĻزãҲֻ뵽Ľأ뵽Լģûϰߣ˵赽£Ҳ˵ױȵ츳
ϸ۲һһ¿
ݵóģˮԽһ䣬ָץһСתš
һת̴һ֣ȻģͶ
ģ˭ǴԽ߰ȻȴǳˣȻ첻֪ûϾǴԽߣģֻܹܹﵽԼҪЧôܶǿ͵ķ
Ҳӡ֤˺յ룬ںջδԽʱΪй˾ǲڿѧǴԽ֮ŷֲôһ£ʵйŴкܶⷽţֻЩŴͲӣһܵӣܵƣû֧ǣЩŵ츳ԵõӣſƾٵŶȥרԹŴܶ෢ǳԹԱ֣֮ǷЩҪô츣գҪôǼ֮ǣЩԱһ˼ȥѧܾȫһˡ
ֱˣ־õ˸ƣտóǮ֧ЩѧǮģûǮͱ̸ѧʲôҺջѧΪѧ˻ݾ棬ûкգ˲ܻʲôΪ
ô
ʵ
ЦûУҾܹĽһ¡
һڴĿźա
ָһЩ۴ļ֪ʶ
Ͳ˵ҪԼʲôҩһֱŲ˵ķʽ㵽һŸһ㼼֪ʶΪףԼ첻ģ֪һеĹ죬Ҳ첻Ϊʱ۲һñ˵֪Ҫõ˿û˿û˿϶첻Ϊû츳֪ʶֳɵģģʴ˵ǻۣõļȥչ֪ʶֻ𵽻㾦֮á
÷ǳ֮󣬷·ͨζһ㣬̿ʺ͹ֽϻ
ַ飬ǺټģɼȫΪȥģΪ츳ϲ죬Ϊ׾һֹ뵽ÿƼΪԼ͵Ը֯һ𣬲ݡ
ĵһԵȴݵ⣬֪޲ԣ޲
ΪʲôմҪΪһ۵ʱΣΪԺķ죬Ѿı䲻˵Ĺ̶˼άҶ֪Ҫԣũ߱ȰũɣҪǿһ򱶣κηļʵڻ۵С


1756 㱬
Ƽһǳӵ飬ܹ˵׵ģݵͻƿǷǳ޴ģܹɹӰ죬ǲɹġ
ʴˣɽдգüʶ֪ʶ۴Ĺ˵ģͲãǿԸӺãյ֪ʶݶԣֱ绢Ҳеúܡ
֮󣬺ֻص÷壬ɽҰӣںǿҪ£˼ֻС¾ͽ֡飬纫վͽѧȵûеѧʣ˰һ˾ǣŹȥɢҲ춼ѧϰѧ죬Ϣ죬ϾͶСǿѧϰѧ
ͣͣ
磬÷ΨһһĻʯ·ϣʮվ·ԸߺҲУҶǼ䡣
ֻһС޷ĲС֣ʯ໥׷ţ۵¶ص飬ʮֵĿɰ
ԴӺջ֮÷ֻҲ÷ǳḻһ⣬ȫΧСչģΪТֻܴñ˵齫Ͳܲ룬ڱϿ˼棬С棬Ҳܹлÿ֣źǱСЦͣ
Сո磡
ʱȻ˺
ջͷһֻһѾվ󣬲ѽ
Сո磬ǽˡ
ǹߵѾߡ

ҿ˿
ڴڡ
ڣΪë
Ҳ֪
Ůǵġ
ҡҡͷָȥڡ
ϵЦŮأ
š
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ɫһ˾ʵΪʲôȥ
ǵǼƳǿɲҡ
յ㲻͵͵Ӳô
ǵҾܺѽ
ŶˣǳҪƻҵļͥ
ҵ룬ϧû̾һֵ͵͵أƳǿͻҵȥˡ
㡭Ů˻ⰡεҡҡͷҲ֪ǹﻹǷǳģƲȥ˵ɣʲô£
ü͸ų˵帮سˡ
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ֻǿ
յʲô㵱Ƶ޷죬ҲѾˣ񱻴⣬ҲٷˣԸ𡣡
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˻
㲻Ҫǣҵʱһֱֶ⣬Ѿ帮ҲٸԭְңҸӦԣ
ЦɲҪѾԼˣɲϲһ˹֡
ǵҲ˽ԸһһҪõҪĶңף׻Ϊң֣֮ҲпܻҪҡ
յֻܱˮڣҲǰ裬ҲܲģΪѾǣڡ
̾Ҳ㡣
ʵ˼ǣ
ǵҴ뿪
һ㶣ۣôŰɡ
ǵҶӦΪ˸𡣡
տЦõˣˣһѣôôܣԸǴ࣬ȻĪҪ˵ˣһҪҴݵķ¥
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Ц帮ҹϵǾˮˮһ⣬ľǡ
ǳĬΣǡҲҪǿ
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һ㶣漴Ŀǰ׬ǮӦþǷ¥ˡ
ЦѹôģΪСҲҡ
ʵˡ
˵ô򵥣Ȼ̸⣬Ҿ͸ûȥˡһֵǡ
ǽĵİһۡ
µǱݳǱȥ
Ůǡ
ҡҡͷɻ˵һ룬ͻȻüͷĻعͷȥԶȥ


ݣʡУطȺ¹֮أɼطͨȽϷĻҲɲȺ¹֮أȻݲ˺ӵıϣźյľߣԽԽĻݡ
ͬʱԹžͳʿ򣴨ʿʱڣǿǷǳģΡɶǳ򣴨ݾǵ򣴨
ʴˣʿ׼ǷǳǿģΪﶼǻԴ֮أƾһݵ̣ǳʿ
⼸գݾڵ˫䩺ӵһͷϣӭһͷ̱æµ
һӴж
Ȼ䣬ͷϵĹ˶ͣǶԼͬ򶫱ߡ
ֻʮͷϡ
ͣ£ͣ¡
ΪһָŴϵĴ򺰵
һִ̼ˣһ˹ȥѯʵʸλǣ
Ǻӵ˵˳¼ҴǴģ
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ǳġ񵱼ŭĿ򣬻ֵǵĻسȥ׼
ܻǶũţһҲһɽҰôţüַǹٸ֮ˣƾʲô׼
ָŲܻΪЩˣ˿ﶼҼ˿ûˡ
ǿسȥ

Щթˣ̹ݡ

̽
ֱġ
һ˸ǳǰȥһ߷һٲȥҾͽǵĻﶼˡ
ܻһԼĻﱻ߷۵ĺܣЩ񣬵ڴ¡
ȥģЩ΢ˣҲǵ񡣡
ֱһܻ㡣
ܻ뵽ԷȻҶ֣һʱûκ׼ͱһߵĽų졣
ܻһˣææ
ʱ䣬ͷһš
Ȼ뺷ֻʮˣ̴óôҲܲʮˣǱǱף󺰾
ͻȻ䣬һȺųͷ˹
˼һӵˣսǵȻǷǳģܻǶǹģֻ˻ģɲܵģһԷڣȻǱҪɢ
ҵĻҵĻ
үЩˣҪ
̫ⷢͻȻˣܻﷴӦĹһʱ仹ԼĻ˵ıԣǱԼļūǱӡ
¼ҴĴ񣬺ܿռͷ
ֻվڻ֮ϣλף뵱Щ̴ûʱǳ¼Ҵ˿˭˲֪˭˲ܹΪǳ¼ҴƸԴЩ̴֮ǵ˿Ҳȥ񶼱ȱȥ񹤣Щɵѹմȥǳ¼ҴᱻЩ˱ƵüʱǺڡգұҪЩȺǵа

վͷ۸ߺš
һʮѾ
Щһա
ס֣ס֣
üٵĽк
ֻʼҾ߸ΪʱͷѾȼܴ
ЩʼҾǴ𣬸ĿɿڴһζĺһʼҾϵϧȴ
Ȼǲ֪ǣһǲϨģΪѾ㱬һҩͰ


1757 
ɲС£Ϊ¼ҴĴ񲻵£ջ˼ҵĻͷյˡ
ȻµĴѾȥ񰲾Լǹϲ䣬̫ˣеǣڣʿ׼Ҳվ˳ָЩҰյһվǸҲ׷׳֧Ԯ
񰲾ָûǲŸյﲻãʼҾһˣҲʮ˶ѣʵЩµĴ񣬶ԽǸ׽򳤰㱨
⣬ݵʿҲ׷еĺѣдš
ʴˣµϢܿʹ
𾪳Ұ
ΪԿûз¡
ңݿսҪأˣǲˡ
ûа취ҹٿҪ飬ӦԴ¡
дЩ޷죬컯֮£ջ˲˵ڣֹ̼͢ĻЧ£Ϊ͢һϳЩ񰲾޷Ѻس
Τ˼ǫվΪķŭ˵
վΤԲӣЩҲƽ޹ʵȥջ̴̴ǳ͢ȻϳͲ̴ȫǳڷŭ֮٣ɼϢԡЩ֮طŭ˽ǵƶɱˣʴˣǲŻ˴治֮£ңݰǳߣ͢ؿǣܻӡ
Τ˼ǫǶԴ˲ٸ˵ջ˵̴˼ҿˣΥģ͢ϸִʱ˭Ὣɷ
ʿһֱվڹߣֻкڰ֮֡
΢΢Цһ㣬ʿŸд󳼣˵µԵɣҲյһЩʿźʵǲûٸ˵ԣ˼ҲٸҲûֹ˼ҵʱ͢Ҳ֧ȥˣЩԹѾãŻ᷸˴֮пԭġ
ֵ̲顣
¬վڡ
ο
¬˼Σ¶Ϊ֮ɫΪݴϢʵĻ͢ӦӦԣһӳͷôգἤ𵱵Թʱ밡
üһ壬ΪΤҲ˵úеͷЩյĻҲܻЧ£ʱͬҲǲ롣
ڵʺʥҪ£Ϊ׷Դ˵ףһжģҳԿδ£ɼⲡϡ
ʦü¹ﵽͷϣҲδЩϣԸȥݵûǿǿȻ͸ɲȥɼǻ
ڵǮˣȥЩһ֯ٲܲü·۸ȻˣѰ˼ҵĻҪ֯һɲҪķʱգü·һ۸񣬰ֻѪ޹顣Ͳ˿񣬵ȴˣοĵطûдô˺°յ氡
ʦ˵ƿԣʵҲ̫ⷽ棬ͷ֮ȷʵǸ⡣
ｹǵǲ֪λнİ취
Ҫһʱò⡣
ΪȷʵжǣҪ˵ˣǰҲΪԼƣΪԼһڷҲûд˻ܺߣϰٹôˣʧ޴󰡡
˰Σδд𸴣ֵ²˾ϣĻݵ񰲾ֿ֧Ųסʱܻᷢ䣬͢óӦԵİ취ǿɶǹ֮ѵ¶ô
⻰˵ôҶܺգΪʵ
¬졢ʦﰵ룬ֻϧղڣҪڵĻһа취ġ
帮ͻȻվʺ󣬳ΪǷ˰⡣
һ㶣˰кιϵ
¬졢ʦҲĿ帮
帮в˵ôЩΪ˵Ļˣǵƣʴ˲ջ̴˰ĻǾ˵ĳɱ˵ĻȻҲ̫ˣ˻ܹƽϢߡ
Եͷ⵹ҲʧΪһӡλο
Ϊ帮ǰ˰֮£ֻϵصʴʦ¬ҲûжɣֻһȻҲ׷׵ͷΪǿ˰ʵҲȻģҲûиõİ취
Τ˼ǫʺ󣬳Ϊⲻף˰ԣҲʱգΪ˴¼˱ܺߣ͢ͷЩ񣬷˰̫ƽˡ
ڵ㲻ƽ͢Ҳù˼ɴ֣ѵ͢Ϊ˼ˣȥ°ô
ΪΤ֮ԷǳеҲǰգôеĻǶ̫ƽˡ
˵ֳΤ˼ǫΤ֮Ҳ޵ܵ͢һЩƽϢߡΪͬʱɶλ֮ԣһ˰ƽϢߣһ棬µİһЩͷάҴɷȨЩҲΪƣȻ͢Ѿ˰ѾȡҪģȻҲԸܷ
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¬졢ʦԵĵͷ̫ԡ
˿գﲻ֪Τ˼ǫԸ񣬼ȻҪͽЩΤ˼ǫ˵ҲеͷЦλģ¹ش󣬾Τ˵Ҳ£Ͼ˰ǹҴ£Ψб²ܹ
¬þ͸ӷģζͷǵȻҲᷴԡ
֮ȥ
ڹŴκһ˰Ƿǳش飬ڵ治һþʵ۴Ӧ
檹˱µΣ𷣡
ｫ¸֪֮󣬾͸ϽΪβŽȨãͳôһ£ȻѴ̡
ַΪܹ㡣ϣڰ֣ȻҲΪ±Ͳܹʵǿ뵽Բߣ
帮˰ƽϢŭ
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ֽ˰ԭ˵һ顣
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ѵǣʵͽ֪֮˱¡
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ⷽ£εĺգղڣЩ󲻶Ҳ֪²ϣ䣬˼ãŵͷ˰ǲ̫࣬ĿֻƽϢŭ
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ʵЩӿɺһЩ
Цɲ٣ˡ
⻰ɾͼˣΪµӣӦΪ·ǣϧ檣Ǿ͸ϽԼӡ
Цŵͷ


1758 ϵ
εͷ֮ôһж÷ǳ򵥡
˰ջδ¯֮ǰ̴Ÿݣߵ񰲾֣ԼصĹٸ͢Ѿ֪ݵҾ˰˵ĳɱӼͥľ
ǷǳԵģΪøϽصģƽԹ
ͬʱҲ񰲾֣ͷͷµģɵĻͽ̶пܣ⿪ȥ·޽ͷЭ⳥ܻʧ
һǷǳӵЩũóȫļҵҲǱˮнţһëһЭ̣ǿִС
ƹƽʵǶǷǳз
ܿ죬˰ͳ¯ˣҪǹ˰չ˰ǧ֮壬ҽ˰УǰƳ˰ģжý˰˰Ǻܸߣǲ˰ģ˰֮УҲý˰ˡ
˰ʵߣݹʷ˰ǵ͵ġ
Ƿǳӵε˼û˵Ҫո߰˰
Ҫ˰ͱר˰Ĺãͽ˰֣帮˰ֵͷͷ
һϵ˶ˡ
ǮЩ̸ոմݡܽݻΪǱѾʼ죬Ҳ˵˵ϢﲻȣϾǵĴӪǾͽǱߵԼĶӻ˴ԼǸ˻
һ͢Ҫ˰
˰Ȼߣ·ǳˣ帮˰ֵϴЩŭ£ǾȥŴ
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˰Ӧ黧ͳܣôύܡ

Щ𣬳ŴһٱԹ
ŴҲȷʵʼգûийκЩûʲô𣬾Ըһ䣬͢Ҫ˰
Ŵ󲻸Ҷ˵ʲôնߣڳйüֱıǸһߵģ˵ĹϵҲǷǳãҲ֪ί̾λϢŭ͢ҲΪ˴룬ƽԹǳ͢˰Ҳֻһ㡣
˰ɲˡǮ󷽵ǵĻȻˣҪ˷ѵĻҲˡ
˰Ƕ٣Ҳ˵ؼ²ô͢ôҲ취ܻʧϰɣֻ͢Э⳥ЩǮ⣬ҪĻǻҽ˳ȥô
ʱֻ˵ҿЩˣǱո軵ˡ
һͷһֻں帮˽
¹ټ飬С
ŴһЩԱǰ
ڵɣûɣȻЩָűǴ󳼵涼㶪ˡ
ŴһΣ
꣬ǱŴ޹ˣʱ˿̣ؼТˡ
Щ˼帮ˣͷҴ
ں帮ֱǰ˸ϽΪǶ衣
ĿһɨЩˣΨͼһëΡЩ׬˲Ǯɣ͢ôһ˰ﳳֵģҪ˶Щũ򲻶췴ˡһ£ǾֻԼʧҲΪ͢룬ˣ͢ûǮƽңǮô͢ȻԴΪأǲ˵б˾ռ£͹ֳ֣ܵ͢дҿǻòͷˡ
УǾ͸Щ΢ûɶ˵Ǻ顣
Ǯŵ亹ֱͻȻԼһ΢ˣ˼һ仰Ǿ͵ͷء
лϢŭ帮ͻȻһڣֳЩ˵֪ίҲһ³͢͢ҲôҪôĻݺܻܿᷢңǲ֪ݵѾǳΣˡ
˵˶٣ֵ˰ֵ£ҷҲǵĽ飬Ҳˣ֮͢Խ˰ֽͳܣֻΪĿǰڼТҪæһҲæʴ˲ܣǷģ˰־һǮ˰ҿǱ֤жյǿȥʷ̨ҡ
Щ˶ѾŻˣﻹҶ˵ʲôͷǡ
帮ֵҪûĻͶ°ɡ
Щ⣬Ҳ˵ϽҾˡ
ȵЩߺŴɣ㶼ˣЩˣǷǳ̰Ҳ֪ôǺ˵Ƿ䱾ûɣƷԱҪóһ
Ŵ׵¹ȴ룬ǰڵʱ򣬸ǿɶǺ˵ȴǳӺյĻ˼ҲֻǸŭ԰ˣɲǽķ
⣬Ҳڡ帮׼ħצ򻧲Ҫ֪һֱ֮УΨлȶģԺʹδκ⣬Ϊ帮ڵ͸յĻһ飬ɲһûкڣŴɲҵ

ǱǮ󷽵ˣ뿪֮󣬸ǳĬо͸Ǯ󷽡塢ļס桢ȱˣֱȥμˮһ
ո뿪ͷǮ󷽾Ҿ֪Ҿ֪Сһߣһ׼ͻ⡣
Ҳ֪ʲô취СûؼТԸȥΪСТҲǲܹġ⵱֮ӦǸϽӦ֮ߡ
ʲôӦ֮ߣڡ帮Уǲϵô֮ǻȥݣСģǾȥǮ󷽻˫ֵ
ǮôСֻǻؼТ꣬С绹ǻġ
Ǯ󷽵ܹᷢܶµģǵǮڳҲǸߵģ帮ʲôԸѵô
ҵΪǮĻҲ޵Ҳһ֣˲ߣҲýǮŵȥڽ϶ͶʣǾֱ½ϡ
ļ̾˿˵Щα겻αǲȥݣڳܵ˳ȥɣĺܣһһգЩһǮͻ˳ˮ飬˭ܵ˰
˵ţͻȻŵţզ֮ĻΣյġ
ҲǳüչҼҶݣ»õҶ
ɵüٳһҲԱ˰գҲܹ
һİ̾ԭڸ߾ôԴ׼չȭţͻȻôһˮˬǲҪҪġ


1759 ϵɽ
˵ʵҲʲô£͢յ˰Ĳ࣬ңջٵĻҲôСңɲ˺µĴӣǮǺʧǵĺʵĵĿ־塣
һֿ־˵Ǽγɵġ
Ϊ䷨֮󣬾ȷũ̵˼룬Ƿǳ΢ģ͢ũ̫ˣôũͻ壬ΪÿնũũһҶˡ
ʿĸ׼λƶȵıͳν׼ʿɵģ¾㶷Ҳڹҧ
ĻȻҲǱ΢ģҲò˶٣һģ˼ҹ֣ΪǸɻģǲȥ˭˭
ΨεģĿľ׬Ǯ׬Ǯֹģô϶Ҫ˺˵棬ǻ׬ǮһֲϿɵǻȥ׬ǮЩũһֵһ£͹ֺüأƽôʴˣֻ͢Ҫͷˣ˶Ϊ֮кãԹ೯⣬ǲ⣬˿һǮʣԽȥתìܡ
ʵ̫΢ˣûзʵҲòȥȻںյ£˽׼ʼ𣬵Ҳڳ׶Σĸ׼Ƶġ
Ϊũ̵˼룬һ紵ݶ˾羪֮񣬺µУ·춼Ҫˡ
Ԫִ壬Ҳ⡣
үүǵʧǲ󣬾СиܵһЩˡ
Ԫ޵Ļ㱨֮ԪأǷǳأûаҵɫ
ʧѽԪ̾˿ؼǳⷬ͢Ӧԣ˸е
ѽԪҲ磬ղڣҲ֪͢ΪƽϢŭҪʼѹˣҳ͢帮ƹ˰֣ǶԿǼΪ
Ԫͷǳֻ͢ΪƽϢŭҵҲӦ֧֣ǵĻǿɾ鷳ˡ˵ֵȿ˵ֻڼ䣬¶øСģһҪ·ͷϡ
Ԫ׵Ȼ˵ĻβƽתϣϵǾڳ̫ȣϾӽ£ʲô£һó˿ݵĻʲô£ܹӦԡ
֮⣬ǻܡ
ʵ²ǺأԪң뵽·ˣɼŴ˵̬
Ԫͷĵ˵òʵԪҵĲƸһֱϱתƣǿԼӴϵͶʡɣдһŸĵǷ򸾵˼

У
Щߣӿɲˣˡ
Ǯڹڣһ߳۽һ߶߶
һɣľ˽ǮĽƱ
ǮŽƱ˵㣬ɲСĿһŽƱɾͼֵһٹǮ˺ü飬ȷûд©Сķŵ棬ɣľɣľûиС˵ô
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ǣ˰ʲôǾǵյþⰡǮֱ۵
ɣľЦ
ǮбĿɣľɣľСߵʱ򣬵ûʲôô
ɣľҡҡͷߵʱֻҽãûʲô꣬ͻˡ
Ǯ̾˿ֵҲˣǴȥҺС磬ⳤҲǿˡ˵ʱһֱעɣľ飬ϧɣľޱ顣
˸ûȤֻܴŽƱˡ
֮ɣľڹڣüͷðΣͻȻ溰˰
һƷŮ˽
ɣľȥ֦
ǵġ
һֻһʮٸ߽ܹܣң
ɣľͷûмǴĻܻǽҲд
ǣܻڽʱҽдһٹǮ
˿»Ϊˡɣľ̫̾ƽǽҲ󣬵ʮϵĴþҵĵͷ
ǡ


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Խ˵Խ󣬵帮ص֮󣬲δֵܣһ½ļԿϵ棬Ҫ£ʿ塣⣬һ֮ûеʿЩɲ£ⱾʺһᣬǴʺƺƫ̻ǣѵֻǵܹ֮ƣ
ǳźȥġƽʹ˼ʲôҲ֪˵Լģ˵ġ

вĿŴƽ١
ƽһ̧ͷŴУһŵ뿴²֮丸ķĹ壬ջؼТ帮ݻ̴ո׵ķĹ粻壬壬ƫƫںհǰϦ塣ݵĻ粻գգƫƫҪں뿪֮űաôɺϣ
ʵһ¿ɺϣڶ¿Щʿ𡢵ɵգʴѡ뿪ô
ûΪʲôɵũҳĺӣΪһֱñºͻʺ֧֡ǲټɵԭҲһġ
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оȵοܣʺǳκյģ֮Ҳûзʲôìܡ
ƽٵ֪еԭҵͲе󣬵ǴķչǺܴģһ˲Ϊ֪顣
гƬ̣˵Ļո׵ķĹпʺ󶯵ֽš

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ʲô
𾪵ĿŴƽ١
ƽٵȻޣڳʵûκģԶʺʵֻҪ£Щ˲һЩϣȶԸˣԴգδǶһ١ؼںñΣб±ʺҲûа취ǡõʱ²֮Ǻյĵˣؽٵһѻúճ࣬߸µĲ¼ɣǶԸյЧİ취ʺ벻һ㡣
ʴˣֻһĻڰաҶںյĹ۲죬ÿһ£ʵģÿ֮䶼ϵɼһԸ⽫иˣϣһжԼҪˣһ⣬ǷںϣҲΪ⣬˵ɺϡȻ¶ڵʱĺǼΪģ֮ǰļûдĻոʺ֮˲ɵ͵ìܣҾ͸ҿ϶ǺԼΪ
˰Σ⡪ţô⡭
ƽٵ𾪵ı飬ѡôԭΪûôΪһ̵档
һ

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ʴˣʵ̺ڡ¡֮УǡϡһЩʲô£г˱԰ѧԺ񰲾֡ÿһϢϢأڳУ˵ǺΪѡ⣬ûһԱ㡣
ҲΪˣûܹõ˶ٵΪû࣬ʵνڳҲûʲôڡϡĲϣƴκ˵ģδڳдѹκδ󳼣ΪûʵʺҪڡ¡Ǻϣġ
еôĿʲô
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ҡҡͷ
ƽٵҲܣͬԣҲ²͸յĿʲôΪǵ˼붼֮Уȴ֮⡣ֻҪϵı䷨˼ףܹһЩ˿ġ
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һҲ޴ӵ֪Ϊ޷ȥ˼롣ƽҡҡͷ
ͻȻʵΪνЩ֪
ƽٳ
ֵϣվںǱߣ
ƽٵΪڡϡڡ¡أ
ü˼Ƭ̣ѵǵһֱֺ֧յԭ򣿿Ǿݺ˽⣬㲻һȨƵˡ
ƽٵֻ˵ɡ
ǵΪֺ֧أ
Ϊոһǰδеڴͬһ£δ̫Ȥˡ䡢޼ɡ޵ҲظΣˣҲ޷ıʲôΪҲûһµþ档Ȼ񣬽ı䣬ҾͻңһЩ
гĬΣҲ˵Ϊһȫµľ棿
ƽٵܷɹҲ֪ͼһһҶϸо˼룬ΪΪ˴б˽ˣҲҴδģôͼ϶ҲˡңĺյĻСѩ̿ɾӣվʺǱߣ㲻ǽ


1760 ʺ
۲ϣ̲죬㷫㣬һ޼ʣǡʮ鷫価ֻһƬú⡱
ÿһӣȫԸеΣôʺ硭
һڣ̫ĸȴǼ䡣

ֻһһľ鳣һôһСͭҡӣ߳š
߻Գˣһ٣һãһɵǺǵĿǡ
ǺաܵܡЦСҰ
ڼôãվЩƣվ͵͵Լǳ۲ˣȾơ衢衢ʫʡ̸¡
ȻֻĸˣҪ֪ĸ춼ŮƣСҰΪС־¥¥ȫŮĸ˳Ǻˡ
һһ
һգܵƺûг񫣬˦һ⡣
ɺյ˫Ѿ뿪ңбţһƺ«ЦõˣˣɤӶˣҪ
¡
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Ц͸˵˾Ͳʺϵ٣߯Ҳ˾ˣֲȱǮȱŮˣ͸ùһӡ
պߵ˵õɣûңܹôʡ
Цǧô˵ҿɲмģЦһؤҲܹÿǮأһ׬ôǮûпջһ粻׬Ǯ͡㵱˵Ǿ仰紵ǣȥ˰֡
ԷϾѾ浱ؤһЦһСֵƨɣС֣СּΣ
ߺߺߡղ̸
ܵܺСУɨ˵⣬ֱӳ˳
Ƭ̣ЦСԽԽˡСҰǽŵӵȥ
Сֲˮԡ
ҪˮԣǾûˡ
磬߯ˡܵڽ棬ץסأ


գղŻص÷壬ͷңһ¨Ƶȥ
յڣƵˣҲǸոմũ
Сա
硣
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ѽ㣬Ҿ÷
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ϣǲٰ
ôѽ
ȥ÷զûеô㣿
㵱Ȼںġհֹţһŵļһȥ
ںոʱǶںո𾴣ҿЦһȥƺѾǺյ࣬һȾƴƨżԼĶӣһȥʵǺرĵطʲôһֻҪ룬ܹһƬΪһǧ
Ǳ֮󣬺ձԼҵĴԺȥ

ſڣһк
ֻѾ˹
Զӣ
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ġ
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СǼͻȻܹȥһһͷģС㣬ҵ˺ö㡣˵ţС˹
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塣ǸҵһģҲǸյáСչɵĶŮٻ
»ܴһȥô
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̾˿ӣ˵˶ٱ飬ڵûǮû㶼𣬻ûһĹȥڼﶼøȥ˵
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ҾͰĪˡ
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ѩͻȻſڣȻ˹һѱźյСֳźյҶˣе¡
ôˣû¿ɲҵġշ˷۵
ѩһ½ŵ˵ʲôٻˡ
չһЦֳٻٻȻȡ
лл塣
ԣˣأ
ҽ滭ˡ
㿴㣬ԡ
Ҳڸһ黭Ǻкѽ
ѩһºСЦ˵û㻹С󡣡
Сӣ
ָָȻȥ
ڣֻչɸԪĵڣɫЩࡣ
ι·վſڵ
Ԫĵͷˡ
üͷڣʵʲôأ
չɫصǰЩӣ̴صĴˡ
գգۣ΢˵ʲô
չֽµʼĩ֪˺ա
㶰Σ漴ǳ͢ӦԵģ
Ϊʲô㡣չɵ͢ûôϳЩ񣬷ʼ˰
ü˰ն˰
չɵҽӵϢǣ˰ÿȡģҽ˰շΧڡ
Ǯ
΢һɵһⲢǺܶ࣬볯͢ôӦΪƽϢݵԹ
ԪĵͻȻˣ㲻˺ܲƽô˱ܺߣ͢ΪЩﷸ˰Ҿ⳥͢˫Э⳥
ǲƽǳ͢Ҳûа취ܲΪһ˵һݵİհɡ̾
չɵڵĻôô
յҵȻᣬҲڣҴ·ͻȻֲ̫ãܹ͢ô̵ʱգһѾǳˣ͢ȻԴΪأܵίҲûʲô˵ġ
չɵǷ֪͢˰˰֣ҽ帮ƹܡ
ʲô
ջȻµ棿
չɵͷ
֣յֱǺ֣帮ƨ˰
չɵڸô죿
˰Σ漴̾ھһƽʲô취
չɵ帮ǺĽһжпܻᱻǸˡ
üҲãҵһֱǵõºͻʺ֧֣չĻǲһԭҲҪ̫ǣҿ˵ɡ
չ̾˿ģڳҵǲеǣ÷壬Ƕڳ²˽⡣
ճƬ̣ٿɡöͷͲֿѲߣ˽¡
չɵ˵ͷ


1761 ˶
ҹնһ̨ϣǰһƣüչǣһǧ̫ɵ̫ˡ
ʵǿĵģǸ˵ģǼġ
ôҵҵչı׶ˣϲ㣬һ·ȫȷģֻҪ˼·ȥ˽ӪչӪһûдٶҶԣġ
Ҫ߳ʱҼ紫˿˿ůһʲô
ջͷһֻԪĵվ̧ס֣ĵ滬ȴ̾ʲô
Ԫĵʵ󲮽Ҳˡ
յ˵ʲô
Ԫĵڴ󲮿Щ׽͸Ҳ֪Ԫȣʴ˴ϣǮͶϣͶȥȷڳҪӰȫһЩټɽԼչĺܺãԪҲ͸ȥֻҪ߾ˡ
üͷ˵ʵ͢ôҵܹ⣬ǰҲ˵˰Ȼģ˶ڳ͢ĹԽô͢ȻҲԽ࣬һ໥ģֻʱдǣԴ⻹ûдģΨ帮ƹ˰֣Щǡ
ԪĵҲǵǵĵط˵ţźգ㾿֪֪зʲô
ҡҡͷһֱǴһô֪ǻ˵ǻʺ帮ٻسǿʼ˰ҾòȣΪ帮ǻʺˣΪʺ˺͡
ΪһЩ£Ԫĵ˺յĻ
յֻϣ㲻Ҫ̫ǣֻһ⡣
Ԫĵһж⣬ΪҵչɼӰ졣
ģһģʵ˻
Ԫĵһֱ˵𡢵Խ͵ӣֻʺҲ֧㡣һ£ΪЩ𡢵ںݵģֻǵһ̽Ȼ͢ȴѡ˰ɻǵ棬ӵĻ˿Ƿǳġ
ʵһϣ֮⣬ñ˭Զҵչĸ߷ڣͿһ㣬Ľ׼ƱҪԿبŲĶɡǳ˵ǣӹ֮
̾˿˵ʵҷ˼飬ҿ͢ǸЩһЩͷҲһЩ棬ʿɶֹν
أԪĵʵ
϶ֻǸոտʼѣϷںͷ̾ǵĻǾˡ
Ԫĵѵûа취ֹ𣿡
ҡҡͷȣֻһƽΣ͢ôģôҲ˵͢Ҫıҵߣǳ͢ҵĽ𣿡
Ԫĵǵ͢ΪʲôҪıߣ
յҲ֪ûɵģҲΪ͢Ӧûֹӡ
Ը˰ɣԪĵֵĴ㡣
յԪеҵ񣿡
Ԫĵͷ
յոԪеĴ洢ϢŴĻôԪе֧ܻʧ⡣
ԪĵҽʽŲȥͶϣͶ޻ݵĿЩŲġ
յͷôһ˵ҹɣľҲô
㲻𣿡
տЦҡҡͷҪҵ˼ɲһ˭뷨ûдͿôչ
ԪĵݸһЦո˵ҿɲС
ȻԪһֱɺյĽ飬ԪĵʼնǼԼ
Ȼûдûдһ䣬ͼ
һе£Ȼںƶģʲô⣬˵ԹѾá
ĿģҪһ˰ǧ֮治Ǻܶ࣬ûЧҲ˶٣Ҳ˵ѹˣǲȥѹ˵ģӺѧġֻҪͷųһźţǸߵ׼һҪˣǳ͢ǻվߵģǻġ
ʵ̵ֶΣȥˣμңԼվڰյĶ棬˿ҲǰգֻðյĶȡԼҪ棬ˣ񣬺޹ϵμҵԡ
ˣʵͬҲˡ
˵ѻһڡ
Ƿǳµġ
ҲԤƵһ㣬һ£ܿʹˡ
ط𡢵һѽ֮ǰֻ編ֹȥ񹤣ԴάԼȨû뵽ݵĴ̴ˣ͢Ȼˡ
ɼ͢ҵߣֻһֻֽϻѣֻƣʵһ
Ǹ𡢵ʼŽơˡ
ⶼȥôΪŴ̵̫ӣÿУЩʥҲǷ˵ģҪݵĻûһ˵˵ĺû̫ˡ
Ǻط𡢵ʼΣۣ˱ȳ桢󡢺棬ȵȡ
ЩһӾͱɿʵҲЩ˶һЩũĸءͻ繤һСߣΪ˷ǳӼҪ¹˷һʲôҿô˷ǳԸ͸ǴʵĽ𣬵ũԣ̫ƽˣ˵õʿụ̃̽׼öũãũǽ˰˭ͨ
ⲻƽʴҪˣҪҾһ鸻ҪҾһʵ԰
ǾжصũͿʼסͷס·׼˵Ļǵĵ̣·һѾ⣬˵İûˡ
̴¾ҲûзҲñĻҲ¾ʧأ帮ڵȾ͸Щʿ尵ʾǿɱٷĻ͢ͻɾѹģǳ͢ģЩʿȻҲȽϺ£ֻҪάԼȨά׼չоãҪҹңҵĻǶ˭á
ܿ죬˺һҵߣͿʼ˴ģķ塣
ΪյҵչҲŸո𲽲ãũ򡢵ǹҵ壬ʧȥ֧֣͢ôǵĶ֣Щûȥ֣Լĵ̡
ڸոʱ壬ֱǻԵĴ
κη棬ԶȽҪöࡣ
ȻҲһЩط⣬ݡ½ݾ⡣
ݵĻΪվˣյͰݵֵס˶ѾݰգһһСũ࣬ݵȫż⣬֮ǽݵһתվҲʹݱ÷ǳ٣ôݵİյȻΪôֻΪˣҪչݰգô˵յһģǵȻҲǳӵյߡ
ܱߵ壬ʵҲֲٷ壬Ҳסͷ͵·ǳİվԷ֯ͷܱߵ壬ͷܱߵ嶼ͷķٶƣݵĹ̽׼Ƿǳǿģңк⻷ڣ´Ҷǳġ
벻ѡ
չɵȻܣΪ߶ǰգı߶Ǵ񰲾ֵĻʼҾҲֻȰ裬ҲȰס
һЩũͶʱɢһӾˣũȻ뺷ǲģݳǵİһ棬ũֻһһģ࣬ҲǷɢģиԵ쵼ֻǱɿģûɱȫңǶΪԼ룬˫̬ҲһİտɲˣҪҷ룬Ҿƴġ
½ݾ͸ӸЦˣ½ݵİնֱȥȥ½ݱûµģз壬Ҳҿ
ⶼΪ½ó˶ôһ㣬ݶ̱ˣҪɶûɶһƬ쵼˶ûУΪʿҲûд͵ʱԣ½ݵص𡢵Ҫôͱ˶ɱˣҪô͸ų˶죬½ݿǳ˶ĴӪѽ˶ôӪĴ־ڡȻ˶ʧˣô𡢵Ҳֻ·һЩ˿϶ͷĿ͢ǲܿˡһ췴ͷĿġ
ս󣬳͢Ҳû̫Ĳǵ˰գСũþˣûʲô˻պþײϺյľߣҲ˵ûѡҪũҵĻָǷǳģս꣬ǵǳʹ࣬Ҳ½˹ǳˣֶ࣬Ҷû¸ɣ˾ͿʼǮ½ݵİվһԾͳ˽
Ȼ½˶еȣѸٵķչȻÿǵĵλúã½ݣ϶Ѿ˳εʱᣬũҵҵҵڴֻһ⣬̫ɺϺأҲûϵ½Ҳļƻ֮С
ס½ݵ̶ӣ½ݰն˵ֱӳ嵽ԷĵȥˣΪǶ˶ǺĵģһӦعԱͶֱ˴ˣ½㲻㷢˲ƵģٸȻܣҲܲˣܿǾ;ȻԼ̶ӣ½ݵİվֱӷŻȥ˭Ҫǵ̶ӣǾͲˣҲΪҵغһеһУҲԼչ˵͢ǲΪ͢ʸǵһУҲίչģҲ£ƾʲô̶ӡ
Ϊ½ݰǸոչŹػ֪
½ݰһսܱصʿһȥȺһﶼҪˣҪôϣҪϾݰһϣҪҲ򲻹Ҳ²Ҫġʵ½ݰյԼֹ췴ͷΣĻԼġ
ϵΨݡ½ݵ̶û˸ģصһû˸£Ѹ½ݡݼ½ݡݵȻҲӭǴǮģش˺ܶĲƸͼȻҲȥڽϿţȥǾͲˣյϱó׼ƻǳ˷ǳѺۡ


1762 ټ
Ȼݺ½ֻһ⣬ֻѣ󻷾£Ҳ̫ã˺ԼѾǲˡ
عٸûа취ֻ뷴ӳʵһЩطٸ˺ӱϵĹٸǻƫ˵ģΪ˸дĲƸǲ̫Ҹԣʿ׼ɲǺǵģΪѽ
ص౨ѩһƮǵ
ֱӽθ˳ô£ܲô
⾿ô£
ڰϣǳƣЩϲҲ̫ãҲ¶ãǾŪ
վ£ϳΪⶼΪҳƫũĩ˼룬ŵ档
𣿡üͷһ壬ڴ֮ǰһֱల£ôһӾͳô£
ڵ£ʱ򣬳ҲǺ⣬ǽӵص౨֮󣬳еԭ򡣳ܽһ£ԭһ֮ǰݰջ̴ԭ۵Ļڵذһ˺Ӷǵơ
֮͢ǰˣ౨棬д˵Ϊ˰աѹեգøֱɵļռðյأȰ¡
˺̧ۣԵͼչʳԸ߼տ಻ԡ
ŵ¸ذնˡ
κߵôˣҲδ˵д·
̵£Ϊӽ£ʴ˳˶˵ıԻΨͼʲôܹ׬ǮǾ͸ʲô޵¿ԡ˵ЩǾʵ౨涼Ѿдû䡣
ȷʵû˵ѣЩʵĸ׼кȺ֮˵ȻҲ⣬ض˵Ӽȫ͵⵱Ȼǳ¡㽫صɵû£Ҳ͵ҲǷǳµģҪԱû¼ǻϵҲˣֻض̶ѡ
帮վ£һλͬţҲΪݰȣֻ͢Ϊ˹ȫ֣ſʼ˰ȻأʼˣڳҲȷʵ⡣
Ƕһۣ֪뺫չϵãԲţֿʦԴкο
Щ౨˭кӡ
ʦҲΪЩ֮ԷҲѴ̡
һʦô˵üΪʲôڵʱ򣬾ûЩ£һߣͷЩ
ڵ£ΪǺˣȻǰǻԹѾãֻպں뿪ڼ䣬յôãҲͲôյķԡ
淺ԥ֮ɫΪȷʵûݵģڡ帮ûôͣԲôգҪͣǿֱӵʵˣΪô죿
ڵΪ͢Ӧ˳⣬»صũĩ˼У˹ҷܻصϡ
ɣ
һԳĬͻȻڵ
ȻγˣҲǴµĲߣȻò˴λ顣
һɡǡǡεǷǳֺ֧յߣϽʵʺԴкο
˵ҲвԵĵط˶ҴƹҲǷǳ޴ģڳ檿ǡǡΪũĩ˼룬ŵһеķ
ʦ¬Ƕ
Ƕе죬ȻﷴڣǿҲˣҲźգѾ˾ռ֮¡
ҲúͿ˻
ũɣ͢һֱһ׷ǳȷĹ涨ȻȴûһȷĹ涨ȥ淶˵ΪΪҴƽڣ˲Ǻֻܶ࣬Ҫбˣ˷չ̫죬ûй淶ŵг຦Ⱥ֮Ϊ͢ĵ֮ǰ䲼һ׹淶˵ɷ
⻰ȷ˵ǲƫС
ǰǺոŰ죬ķʽҵĻҲ˳ƶΪûǿа䲼ʲôҵɽź͹мţǶϳ͢˵ǱҪô
ũһũĻǷǳȷĹ涨оƣʲô涨ˡ
ʦ¬ҲǷ׷׵ͷ
Ҳǳε˼ּʵʺ˼ָ͢ӦԵµ
ҪصԭеƶȣǲܴӦģΪ˵ҲŲô׷ϵ
ΪҪƽϢľ棬ȵðսˣ֪˵Ĵڶڰģڳ͢ҲģڶҶġ͢˰ķʽٰյĸԴƽ⡣
ʦǰЩʱ򣬲Ѿʼ˰ˡ
ֻԵģΪƽϢݵԹʵϲδպͳ͢洦ҵ˼ǣ˰յĸҴһֱԶ污ҲǺǮǹҪôǮ£μյĸΨ˰գ֪˰ܹǵĸȻͲȥˡ˵Ļ׬ôǮԶũҪö࣬ӦҪеΣҲƽࡣ
ƵƵͷʵǺյʱ滮ģԭӦǺΪղڣֱȽϽξΪôźյߣû˵ģĸı䣬ԴҲǷǳģʦʵλΪΣ
ʦҲΪͦԵģǮ˵ǮյĸǿеģҪ֪ǶҽĴգҶٶһЩˣʴǶͬİ취
αȻˣǴ¾ͽɻʺ
½ҪΪҪûôྫȥЩ£ҲΪĳţҽ½ڡ帮ˣΪ˸ìܣһ֪ҪԸգΪӡУһֱֺ֧յģϣܹյߡ
ȻôһĻͿƶߣ䲼ߣھǽյȨԼΪһֱߣʵǺҲǺյ֮ڴ֮ǰûƶͰ䲼κߵȨֻһ˶ѣʱֻҪ󳼵Ľ飬ȻŶȡĻƶʵǵҪ󳼵˵ãҲ޳ɣҲ˳ġ
ò˵һüΪΪȥάգҴҲţΪںܶ˿뺫ѹϵϵһģﵱȻάա
⣬֪УյλǷǳصģǷǳֺ֧յߣΪյֿԽ̬ȫƥģһף֮£ûԽԣҪԺյߣǲӦģĿǰǲӦģҪͷһ취ûУ޼ЩԪһȨϣմȨ߾ҲǼߣñϵֺ֧գβŻὫȨ


1763 ʺ
һǳɫμң֪ǲΥģ£ҲƶߵȨС˵Ϊ˶ԸգȥҶŪңⲻıġĿҪҷ߸ԭȵߣҲҪôֱֶΣһ£Ļܹƿأһף治Ҫ䣬ֱӾΪоУȻǺҲˡ
ʴˣû˵ãԼ޶ߣټ˳һЩ͵Ĵ󳼣ҪУڡ帮ĸ⣬¬졢ʦΤ˼ǫïڣΪǶ佫ŪǵˣﻹһЩߵʿһ޶ߡ
ǿǰӴ
볯󳼼ˣҲûֻ帮޶Ǻܶ˶е
ΪĵطȻ¬졢ʦΤ˼ǫˣͬʱ˲ʿЩ¸صʿ򣬸һֱìܣǷԺյģҲǷˣ¬졢Τ˼ǫǶǳʿ壬ʿֵֽģȻ飬ЩʿҲú˵
⣬¬ҲẫһףҲֻСũãôôȥ޶ǿ϶Сũãңʦ¬졢ҲбģҲչԼĲܣǷǳмҲҲ޶ߡ
ǷǳģǿݵĻ˵ʲô˵ʲôҲǵģְܶġ
Щ˿ɲǷȫǾӢģһ⣬帮ڣҲڣʥ飬һף᲻֪
£ЩӢŬ£ߺܿ޶ˣҪһӵġ
һȰũɣ渳
Ҫݾǽũɣ߸轱ѳأ轱ͣңزĶİգ˰Լԭƹũߣ＼֯
ȥֻũɣʵȻҪ֪ںյߣͼֽǶ¢ϵģ˳оģ˷ЩΪ׬ǮΪģǿǵýһ֣ΪҪƹЩ˵ȻûԪҵ޻֯ҲһҪȻԪҲһύԪҿɲ͢ԡ
渳ղҪۣҪҪ£еۣܵغİս󶼲Ҫۣÿգÿ궼Ϊ͢ʮ£ɨ֣ݷݣ˰ģʵҲڼ˰
ڶᳫڼ󣬽ɣǨ㡣
ǰԹԱģùԱͷڼ󣬲޶ȣɣҪƹԱųֻȻԭһ᷽룬뺫յ߾ǽȻ෴ģᳫ壬Ǯ׬Ҫã˭ʡǮƵģѾͻ̻ҵܹõչ
԰յģư뿪Լ壬ʵһֱƵģԭ˿Ǻ£ֻںյ£ⷽƱúɣֽս
ʵҲǵСũãҵչǵжԵģ˶ҵܷչ
ҲͷϷȫ˰˰˰ᵽ˰⣬˰ߵٷ֮壬ǰǧ֮壬ʮ⻹ֹʳ˿֯ƷĹ˰ߵ˰ٷ֮ߣΪũɣȫ񾭼ãҪԵҲ棬˲ȫ񾭼ãٷ֮ߵ˰ֻǼۣôͲ߱ƣΪⶫҼһĻҵƷܵӰ죬ȫġ˰ҪգΪ̶ڳվͿֱӴ⣬֮ϴ͵ý˰˵ƳҲֻެȥˡ
ˣɽ˰ⷽ˰նǷǳֱ߰ǰٷ֮ʮٷ֮ʮΪЩԴɽ˰˵ĳɱ
ȻЩԭ뵺ڣҲɵ˰ȥİջ𣿿ܶʶǵ˰ֻҲʹ졣߾ǱߵĻΪŸոմûлָҾ漰ģʱҪǸ򽻵ǩԼоıûеȥ˺پԼ
Ҳû˼ǶεģڣʷϣȨҲһֱУֱȥ֮ƿؾȨ
Ѿ㹻ˡ
ӰƷԼƷ¹Աٺ»һǴģΪ帮ˣֽ񶼼ڰ˾Ʒ˹Լڳе
ǸӵһǸĸȥҲТ꣬ԭТһģҲֳŮ˼롣⿴Ʋ۵һʵǴںһʵߣ֮£һշǳƣʴһֱĬʵŮĵλҲǸŮҲĵλôТŮĵλǳ˳㻹ܶһºգТԽ˿أǺյΪԽ˱ӡ
ҲǿģҲͬˣΪҲ̫յ߾ô棬óߣԭһߣûʲôģѵ˵Ȱũɣ渳Ǵ
ºڣҲ˵Ҫ˵ĻǾǸ°ԡ
εͷ̰֮䲼Լ
տѽǸǼ˰ܲôգǶ˵ķˣҲҪȥˡԱҲˣΪײԱģӹʣܲô
ʿҲˡ
˵׾ø˵Ǯˣɱƶ
ҲûдɹؼǣҲкüѽǸˣԱҲǸˣȴֻյ˵˰ʿȻҲˡ
տģԱģҲģǿ˵ͬ졣
ģأЩ𡢵⳯͢Ѿ˼£ЩҪ֪㣬ȥͷ·ˣϽȥֵء
ܿ죬ҶǸظңҸ裬ΣһӾͽˣЧͼӰŻ
Ϊ˵ľˣ˼˾ĵز
ʵ˵ǽɶ˰ǶеΪǷǳǿģӹͱѹţһֱ̧ͷСǿ
Ȼ˰ΪģΪչгĹؼʱڣҲλԴҲλһôߵĹ˰ôټ˷ѵĻɱǸߵˣûκξԣ㽫ӳ˵ݣݰҲ
ң˰帮ƿصģｫ帮ʵǮģΪ帮ݣǿ˰͵㣬˭Ҫ͵˰©˰һģԪҶôʵʵĽ˰
˭ں˽׼ĸ׼УΪƵһ׼ڵۣﲻ֣û˻ǵģҲû뵽ǰΪЩ¡

ǺǣûУûУǶôĸ˰ɼյʵǲģֻҶǸŭ԰ˡǻʺӢ˺ߵı׶ˣĻҶڹˡĻҪԻˣֻ²ôˡ
ڴϣŰտĵ飬⡣
Ǻʼһֻ֮º帮ޱʵҲôϲǺղ޷С
ڵϵܣ¿ɲżһûп֮£»Ƿǳغյô

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ӣ⡪ôǺãԽ࣬ǾԽ࣬Ŀǰ֮ļ۸񣬸ǲ׬Ǯġ
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֮ûĸңΪƷĹ˰ǰհٷ֮ߵҼ˫صģԭϣ˿˿Ҳ˿֯Ʒ˿Ҳý˰ô˿ĳɱ϶ӣ˿ȥͻýһ˰˭ܵˡ
ΪҪǣ֮Щһֱг˺ܶĸŮΪǵгȫǳҪ֮ܶܶ·ƾʲôȫΪ֮·ñˣǱôߵĹ˰ô˵ĻپͿ٣߼۸ĻǾûκƿԣҲгЩǰģڳ͢ᳫڼⷽг϶Ҳ
ش
Ϧ֮䣬޵֮ϾҪƵá
֣ϣðΣʵʲô취
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Ϊ˰ûӣһǳŮˣ˰ôۿ϶ǣǣվͻﲻ˰ôֻҪٳͻԱǸ߰Ĺ˰ҲͲҪôˣһʵ⡣
ʵ⣬ȴ֣еĵߣΪ֣бǮû̫˵Ļѣû¹˸ߣϣܹˣҪ˵Ļͻ粻֮أ
ųĬ񳤰֮ȥص֮⣬پ٣ٲ
֣˼ΣܲˣĻȫݲ
žȵӣУĻﲻǵǮͻزԽԽ࣬ʱǻѪ޹ģǷǳΣյġ
֣е֪ЩҲ׬˲ǮЩǮҵţôҲõȵʵڲУҲܹġ֮⣬֮Щ˹
䣬Цһİ
ֻд˽֣йֵ֣ɿԼҲԸһˣⷬ壬кհ
֣Ըв죬ЦڿҰ
æо޴⣬䷢Էθ
֣ڻû˵Щʵ֪ͻȻкιɣ
ЦҴ֣ͬʹడ
֣һ㶣˻
е֪֮϶˷ǳѣʴֵһЩǮ֮


1764 ͼӰ
֣СŶԼˣһۣԼû̫˼ˡ
Уڷúܣû˵Ц֣ҡͷ
еѵ֣ΪڿЦģҿɲЦ
֣м࣬治ƿЦģҲȷʵûʲôЦļֵǵһ⣬ˣҲİҲﲻҶ١
ǼһֱǷС֮ˮԭ
Цҷǻֻǿ׻ϣֿܹ֣֮Խҵһȷŵһߡ
֣кΪʲôӦ֪֮ɣܻѪ޹顣
֮ԸҲ˼ڡе
֣һüͷе仰ʼԴ⻰ǴĽǶ˵ģһǰ֮׬Ǯ˼֣ƾʲôɷݣչĻȷһǳõʱʵҪɣ
ɡе
֣ӵ֮߳ɵĹɷݣӵɣɣ֣оͻӵĹɷݡǵ֮ǰһ
Цȫ˵㣬ֻҪɣϾҲ㣬֮ҲΪ˹ģжϡ
֣еΪҪô
ֻһЦ
֣гΣͷʵҪɣҿԿǡ
ĿҪסЩ˲ʧҵǮνռ߳ɣռɣǺνôҶ׬Ǯ֣пɾһѹܴģдֵĻҪ࣬Ҳָ֧á
ǱϾ֮ĹģɲСܲʵǩԼ˫󣬾ǩһ飬ǻƷϾԼΪǶûз޳ϰߡ
УĲ˵ô
ڴٳǰ֣ʵ
Цֻһѡ£ȸˡ
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ûеѽ
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֣еͷڵȷҪҷֵˣӦеĻûеӦ


ɣľ壬ڸô죿
滪ƿɣľ
Ȼͦͷԣȫʲôߣ͢ͻȻôߵ˰ʱ֪롣
ɣľֻǷǳ򵥵˵ȶ
ⷽһ취ûУǻ˵֣һҪ۹ɷѹΪյ˼ûģñ˵ˮ˰ҾǼۣҲǼٳǰɣľǣסС

ҡ
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ļ׵ǲ˽ˣԴӺС뿪û˯þǸ߶ţСģҪȥġ
޷СûȨҲûа취ǡ
͢Ȼ˹˰˰ûӣгϾǴгɲ׷ѽ
ô˵䲼֮˶ɹˣͷ̧˵ݺ½ݺûܲҲȥݡ
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ˣˣȲ˵ģǵúúһ£Ǹô죿
䣬ļױô죬Ȼ߼۸񣬼ٳüԱ
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˵棬
ļ׺ߵҲ뽫ȥǣǵЩͥҲֻô࣬ôߵ˰һñôǼ۸ȥˣ˭򣿡
Ҫ˰ǮǾû⡣
ֻ촬ģøмźɽȥ
ⲻˡ
һΣҲ֪Ὺûɶ壬ܹסԼһĶֵؾ㲻ˣٶ࣬Ҳûа취ı䳯͢ߡ



ãʧԶӭˡˡŴǰ֣ʵ֪кηԸ
Ըǲңֻǻ빤һֱкô޽ӵ޽·
Ŵͷ
͢ѾּۣҪ޽ȥµùޣֶ˵پ
Щ̣͢ҪĻֻۣҲֵһ֣Ժʱ޽ӵһ黹ǸһǮģòǮۣ͢Ȼһ
Ŵĺܣȴûнӵ͢گҪӶЩĿĲ
ͷѽûô
Ŵҡҡͷ飬⻧æúܣҪȥ
ȥѾΪһ裬ҲûȤζ
˵ͷӦ
£ظȻǿԤƵģΪ빤ΪգΪ˷ģЩĿܹͨʡĴ𸴣ȫͣҪ渳ǹľ˼ѽ
ںӵ·Ľ蹤ȫͣʵҲûбҪˣҲûô
ɼӰǷġ



帮һ
帮Ȼһ˾ơ
˾
νʯΪ帮һʼǴűģʱȥϼɽ֮УַΣƶЩߵĹУ帮һЩ⣬ҲɣǷǳϲ
帮¸˳ԳȣҪֻҪпգϼɽܣη꣬һǰڡжɽ

ʾ黹ȽƷ¡
帮ϽƷ£һĿ

飬޹»ѽ
ǰҲæ޹»Ҷò֪αĶ顣

ڰֵ֮ǰҲƶرǽտʼƶȵľƣԵòˣסݣģƶΪЩʲôİá
帮һϲҪ㲦ˡȴα⻰ɾͼˡ
ƶеԭ򡣡
帮һЦ帮лˡ
ңҡһЦʵ˷͢䲼ΪΣ
帮նܿģҲǳӵ͢ߡ
Цпһ
帮ʲô
飬ƶһֱǳˣΪʵһѪǰģЩΨͼֻ֪Լ׬Ǯûаգûйңû壬ˣұҡ
帮ú帮ǲıϰ
ֵҲҪģΪƶ˵ϾҪʵˡ
帮һ˻
ѵûһʼ˰ЩϢϢصıƷҲǼۣҪģñ˵μۡ


1765 ƣйǽ
μۣ
帮΢΢üƺʲô
˿϶ΨͼһԶı䡣ë׻ǳϣ͢չ˰ô˻뾡취תƵϣõǲ˵һǼۣ㳯͢˰һ뾡취μֲۣԼʧΪ벻ΣһյøӼ࣬նΪĺʱտ֧ܲ
帮СһæԼǣ֪н֮
ƶЩϢϢصĻҪУڹҺͰնԣһ˺ְ벻ĶӦɳ͢ƿأΪΨгܹ͢ķ䣬ĶۣһܹӯҲܹðȡ
帮üҳͲų͢
ƶҲ֪ǴһʱһʱҴưͼ˸񣬶ҹͻǣ͢ҲҪǿƿܹټĹҡ
˵ֵ¾һᣬܹó͢ȻĽӹεĽףðյӵ
ʲô᣿帮ʵ
͢˰˵Ȼᱻ٣ôΪ˼֧һ᲻˰գĹ׷ǵԱˣǳв˵£һ˿ʼģĲüԱɲѽʱֵ񣬳͢һ㣿
帮ʲôˣ
һ˽Сˡ
ô뵽ЩҪ¸ڵԱ
帮öЩ£Ӧ¸˾Լȥѽ˭Ǹ˻죬ã
Ӵһδ뵽
帮ǳαüͷ
飬ɲСѽǾʦ֮أڱڳ͢ոհ䲼߾Ǻѽ
ѵ
ѽ⵹һ⡣帮æ֪н֮
֮ƶѾ˵ôЦ͢ΡĻôͱҪˣܹΪЩ˴ôң͢Ҫ䲼ɷרӪЩΪ͢Ҫ˰ȻͲǳ͢Ķ֣ôȻȻͻɳ͢רӪЩҪԴ
ѽô¸ˡ帮Ŀ͵˸˼£ÿɲǷƸһлˮȥﻹҪȥ
һ帮Ҳ֪ʲô룬УҲֻҶЬ
л棬л档
帮֣־ٱܿԺⱭ˰ɡ
ЦŵͷƱ

ݣ÷塣
ддȺ쵰Ҳڣĵǡ

ա
ԪĵæǰŲĺգϣеô
סԼĬ˺һŴһ˿ʵģû¡
һԵչɵգˣҲҪ̫ɱӡ˿˿ίҲǸҪο˰
ڷ˵ͷһı顣
Ԫĵ²ѽж鷢
չҲͷ
һʲô·ⶼЩ󳼳ڼʣôġҵߣǿɶ棬ʴ˾óһףǲһչаҪ֪߿ɲڡ帮ģʦ¬졢Τ˼ǫڣֻû뵽Щ˵ƽʱǵòˣȴ˵˽ȻӱͱӣӸûꡣ
չæ೯͢볯͢ջس
յһƽ񣬶һڼТʲô࣬ңһܹıʲôǵһȥ£һ˿ת
˵棬ۿЩʪ˫ۡ
Ԫĵѵû취ô
̾ڵĻȻа취ܽЩåǰҵȨ֡
չ̾˿ԭЩһ֣ݺ½޲ûܵ˺˵Ϊ˶ݺ½ޡ͢ôߵ˰Ļȥ½޵ĻҲȥǰģݵгҪûлĻݵҲ᧿Σ񶼲֪Ǻá
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üͷݿҵļ磬ݵİΪӵҵߣϧͦҿɲǲܡ
չͷ˵ǣǿɵ취ݶɹһѹء
յü˼
չɶҿҲǳţҲи飬ҲԼཨһлһ
һͻȻչɣҵһ취еգ֪Ҳ
չɵ˵˵
յ˽
չ£漴˽
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յͷ͢Ĺ˰գΪ̶ڳյĻԳӯ⣬ʡȥٵ鷳ͬԣݡ½ݶˡݹٸֵ֧ĻôͿɵıܿ˰ֻҪ˰ݣôͿκεطȥͬģҲԽصĻ˽ݣݡ½޲ܹɹһأһܹøӸԣ
չɵɡҲ˵ˣΥѽǽư
յպġ
չɵ᲻ȥ˽
ᡣҡҡͷ
㻹˼˵չﶼ
յȣҵĻｻ˰Ҳܹ׬ǮΣҪҶ˰ĿҲ̫ѿ˰ɡ
չɵһԱŪҵҲۣ֪ܵҵҵУУΪ帮ô
ҡҡͷҵ˼Ҳȥ˽ֻǰйһ£֧һ¡ߴߣˮʹһʼչ˰ô˽÷ǳ׬Ǯ϶ͶУ˽ˣô½ͲᵹգݱһгֻҪһֻۣһֻۣ˽ŶӶἯݣôҲݣݰսΪҸİգҲΪݴĲƸ
һ˵Щ˽˱ץסʲôϵֲȥΪãΪʳԣңǳ͢Ҳûʲô˽ɷŪһǮͿԽ˸
չȻеĵǺ飬ţһֱѭ浸أȥ֧˽ݴһ˽ӪҲ߯ˣݱ㡪ȷУ
յͷ帮ʲôЩåʲôǮʱǶֵˣҿ԰ƶһϸ˽̣Լ͵˰©˰İ취ܿ
÷棬ն˽ˡϴǮǾרҵģõƳãǶţɱ
Ԫĵźջôһ취⵽зյģǷô
յǷţΪݵİգΪֵһԡ
չ仰ֹţĿǰҲֻ취㲻ı䳯͢ߣ˰ֻǰŬֻ˽ҹٸֻҪ룬ҲʧְһᣬУҲȥˣôɡ
̾˿
չƵҶѾӦˣ㻹̾ʲô
տЦҾܹסݣΡڳߣܶһЩåźˣб¾ͱһȥȥһҪ֪Ϊʲô졣
չɷǳܹ⺫յ飬ΪҲԼݵĽһС


1766 ⷢ
һǳʱͻ뵽һˣ˾ǡ
Ԫĵ¡ѩŽյķţ¶֮ɫ
ǿĳһὫո˺ġ
ԼļƻϣʡSmugglers˽ȦϣһĨЦ⣬ո߹˰⽫ᵼ˴ĲԱԼ۵ǣԪǱ߽˳Ļô͢ȡӪƣһЩձƷȡרӪĻ⽫óӯյҲԱȽȶҲޣϧֻǶݵģò˶ãһϷͻˣοףҪ¿ɾͲôˡֻ
˵̾˿վǰգҲԼѡģԹҡ
ڹ¡
棬
˫ֽסһľƣͷһǽϣĬĬ
ȻһƳֻӰѸ˻
Сӣֹһ䣬ֽľƹǽϣǽʵѾҵòˣղһǽ˵ţܵܺСҰô
ܵܵͷˣǺˡ˵ţһԵ磬ǲԼʲô£
յǾԼأѾҳܵķΧʴ˲ϣܹҼһ㡣
Ǻ㾿ɵ£
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˵һ
û꣬ǿЦѽҲշ˷ۣһִܵϵ㣬ʵ̽ġ
ɶ飿
Ҳ֪͢չ˰̫ѽý˰ѽ治ҴţҪڹһùš
ܵһĵͷţҪ˵ƭˣ˭ҲȲϺ㡣
᲻찡
ٺ١
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սͷһۣȥ˶ңװһ£Ͼݰż
뿪ǽҲûмŻȥĴϾ̫Ļ䡣
նòϣڹһ䰸һͥУ𲻶ϵȷʵǳѵá
磬ĴҲô
ܵܺʵ
յ𣿡
ܵܺǺǵνǺҪģһ
һЦʵˣ͢չ˰Сּô
ܵܺΪܿͿҪǿǮĻǾ͹¡
յһҲۡ
ܵܵ׬ǮѾˣҲͼģʵҸϲڽֱӣǸȤһЩ춼ַܹġ
Цҡͷܷƣһ
ܼܵ˵һ룬ͻȻȻֹ̧Ŀһֻմߣƫͷһ־һЩȥҲûɶɿʵ磬ڿʲô
һﲻͻȻǱȥ
ܵܺСҰһۣ漴̸˹ȥ
תһǽǺ󣬱̳ǰһúʦ̫
ǰʦ̫תһ긾ŮԷλʩкηԸ
մһʦ̫һ£é
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Ϲé֮˱µɽȥܵΪԼҪȥ¥ͻسȥˣСҰȻñգ뺫һ÷塣ǲûȥ÷壬ȥ÷ӱϡ
վ÷ӱϣļĺˮ
˶沫ĵط
磬㷽ǲΪʦ̫ǳ˶棿
СҰͻȻʵ
ջعͷҲ񣿡
СҰͷȷʵһ񣬵Ҳϴġ
ѽҵҲСҰҲӦûϴġղüͻȻСҰǽЩʶ
СҰ룬ͻȻ֪ˣҫǽ

յͷѵҷûпСҰܷȥҴ̽һǻڹ¡
СҰ˵ͷ
УĻֻСҰȥĻݾߡճü˼ΣˣСҰȥ顣
ںӱߴһղŸСҰ÷ȥˡ
С磡
ոոսԺڣһĺ
ֻһ˹һѽסС磬ҿҵˣء
Ǯѽϣȷſң֮ͥ£ĪҪСˡ
һ˵ţһʹŰǮ󷽸ƿ¡
С磬֪֪ҵĺÿ࡭ǮϣһĨᣬһ߶һ·ᡣ
֪֪ȻˣͰŰɡ
˼Ҷҵˣʲô취ҲֻܺοţȰϰ죬Ǯ󷽲ŽĻ˹ɼϷ̫
Ǯ̸˵ó˼ƵãҪٲȥĻǳɾˡ
ȫⳤֻǮ󷽻Ҫ˽ĸǮ˵֮󣬲ŵҶ֪ˣ⻹õһȥ˵ТЩҲﲻǣͰݴš
Ǯ󷽶ʱƵɶأ͢ôߵ˰ݵҲˣɶ׬ǮҪС磬֧֧С
΢һͻǸϱУơ
ʵǮһ̣ǸҵΪʳ۸ǲȥΪ⼸궼˳Ƹ׬Ǯʵ׬Ǯô
յŲң
šȻţС磬ǲ֪Ƕų̫Ը뿪ңһ˵ˣ˵ȥжһ˽ƱȻͱˣΪţСܹơ
ҿû˵ô
նһЩ˼һ̫ƨˣֵӦҲһЩȥЦĴ䣬ɷɣ˳˽һݵ飬Ȼʽȸͣţãܵһա
⻰һ֪лǮζ£룬ϣһ˿ûаãСġ
Цŵͷ

ա
ɽķĹǰɨݡ
ҡ
Ĺǰ
չڷĹǰһ㣬һʵ֪ڹ𣿡
ͷСҲȥ
ɫȥһ˻ڹ£⻹ͦģЩ׬˲ǮȥҰ׷飬ڹµǮʲôط
ǣҴȥ׷顣
ҪסǧöԷ֡
š


1767 һȺͽ
ԺݣҲֻȥһ»ڹ£ΪĸҲôһûȥ¡
֮෴ǣƾһԾΪ̳УһȽȽǡ
Ұ޲ڣһֱʿ׼ҲǹĿ࿴
⻹øлգΪյʱ壬ʿվһ飬Ƿǳӭʿ׼ģΪֻСũ£ʿܷⷢʿǿĵطϰʿһƬϣ˭ܹǵĵλ
ҪչҵõĻɿ϶ǳоãؽ˥ôʿ嵱Ȼ֧
ʵﱾҵȥݻʿ壬ֻΪҪһٴʿǲܵģǿһٴ庫գȥʿˣԽԸջøȨԸʿҲ͸аգܷģֻʱơ
˵ǽյ¯࣬ʵҲҷԴ磬Ҫ֪û˺ǰжԵʿְйҲǳдҲ磬ǵˣģҲ֧ġ
ʵǺյ·ֻе߲һѣȺûҪãνʤ

ԣ͢ʼڸͷ˰֣·˰̿ʼԱǴĲԱ˶ʵ壬֣壬ֻѡЩ߼۸ƷҲ˵Լ¢ϵƷ
ЩԼ¢ϵģ¹ӦгĹӦΪһ͵ý˰ǾûʲôȻҲͲҪô࣬ͱҪԱ
ԭԱ϶ɷǳӰ죬ʦ֮أ֣ûκ˽
帮ȾѹҪһ㣬ӪĲԡ
ǷǳͬʵҲǵһ㣬ΪӪյ˽ӪǽȻ෴ģǻߵһҲ֪βͬ⣬Ϊηǳκյ͢ͲܴʵǶڵһա
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帮һŴˣǿˣ⻧Ѿ⣬컧ܾˡ
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һûдӦûдӦҶּûʦУ飬û˳λ飬ȻУλӻǸյġ
ֻͷΣͿ֪帮һˣ˰ֵĻνΪ˰ҪǮݾУһ׼Ǯ˰ڻʴԲܡ
ǲ;һҪԼģΪֱӹغƨǰӣֻύԼεˣԼƿصˣʦǻɣжʦȻˣҪʦûʲôҰģֻΡ
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̼ңȷǱشΣΪǰ澭úãҶî㾢һӳɱȥǺܿµģЩСҵ̿Կסǿס̵չǮǷǳӵģҪһǰɣľὫ˵ɷӣǮҲչͲͬˣôҲ˺ƲҪð
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̵ýУϵԼһˣһ˫֣һɫСڹ꣬ȥе㱩

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Ƿ𣿡ܶ˶ܣ㻹ɣ㲻ǳô
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С磿
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ֵСֻǻؼТǻģ֮ǿ϶ô˵ģضˣǿɾͷˣԼԳһţŸԪ齨ʲôмţڳԪҶܡ
ʵһûжأ
ֺٺһЦҲǰǮˣɲôǼҵضڣϽַϵܣ뿴ҪƽʱĻǵܹ꣬ԪҡСо仰˵úã⸻󣬵СҲðźܶգŽġҿɲԪƨɺܣǾˣһѣͿԼˡ
ϾʢҲɳһҵۿҵгɣȴӭجģＫƣʱ׼ˣôһҲʼˣϵһƣݺݹһڽȥһĨ죬У磬ǾͶһѡ
ֵܣ֪ûпˡ


1768 а
ȱͽ˵áͽˣ¾ͻ׼ȷΪ׼ȷӦͽ
ձϾڳӪôãкܶǷǳֺ֧յǼȥʵǺգڵȴźյĹ
ֻһȽϿȵͽֿȵͽ̫ˡ
˶Աںջ֮ǰ¾ˣһ㣬ȥͶʡ
Ϊ󻷾Ƿǳҿδֻкǿ˸΢Ĺâ

˷Ԫ꣬˵һ꣬Ϊʲôôһ˵Ϊʷϵ˷䣬Ҳʽǰ̨ͱʷϻҪõĸ࣬Ƿյһꡣ
ȡЧ˰Դ˷ֵũĸİգҲȡӪƣ˵ǲۼıʹΪؼǣΪ̫ͻȻĸԭ׼ȫչȭţ˲ٻƷ
ٸ߰Ĺ˰ĸһˣ˵ȥͻ罵ͼ۸񣬷ڳ
ǲΪ֣͸ϽôȻֵİǿļˣΪɱˣô͸ˣҪһ̫ƽʢķپ
Ϊֱ̫ˣһ̵õ˸ı䣬ЧͼӰȺյ߻Ҫá
ںյ˼͵ȥ뿪ʱ򣬳ܶİնǰеãΪ߶Ǻƶ
һԽԽӵ
ﲢʹ㣬ҲһȽ϶ĵ⣬Ǿǳ󳼣ʼնΪֻһ˶ѣΤ˼ǫǴΤ˼ǫӲһԽ׳ذ벽Τ˼ǫ̾͵ֹûȨµñһӶ
ΪһֱǶǣϵϵǾϰγɵģ̸ӣٹ̣ⲻǵɵ⣬ǵ⡣
ͷǳȥΪĹԱһһֱҲĵλΪ˶ԸգҪܿӵĹϵŻΪĵλԽߣԱȨԽôȨҲԽܹ̳ϴչȭţڳҪ˼࣬¶Ҫհǰ˺ҲΪʲô޶ʱǴһЩʿⶼмƻġ
εҲתͽȥĻȳãңߣҲԿЧô˵ҵĺû˵㣬ﶼǵۼΪʵ㻹ǵȥ濴вĵطҪ
һڹţҲƵģҲȥߣɢɢģҽҲôϾ̫࣬ΣȥҲһѡ
ξʹӦȥ
ĺƽҲûʲô£ʵҪȥһʱգҲ÷ԡ
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С֪ˡ
һ˹Ӫ֮·ô涼ԹӪҲǣķģͬʱ˽ǿ϶Ҫ꣬˵һ
帮Ȼüӿ첽תƵԽ̵ܹ࣬Խ࣬ĽյĲƸ˵ȫѹסգ˳ֻҪղʳѰ

ݡ
ǷɽǰɨĹ㡣
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Υյ̫ûкܺõĻǷǳԳɹģΥľͲͬΥûʲôֻҪץסһơǵźˣһʼ²ƸᱻƿأɱȹȥҪ׬ǮöడǿҪ׼
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սӹϣһĿ˸£һš


1769 Ϊ
÷塣ҹ
ˡ
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ȻѽĬĬĻش
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ԪĵǺһֱҾͶҳͻȻô˶֪Ӧԡ
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Цĵ㣬£УŪЩаû⣬ΪǿҵģǵɱڼѶˡ
շŰ۵ôϰҵĵװ

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Ԫĵ˺һۡ


ڳ棬Ѿȫִп¹ؾãͨ˾ҪһЩˣֱͿԾҪȥΪǷǳǿģ÷˶
Ĵߴ£ΡһЩԱͺƺƵ
ȵѽ
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εĴոʱְնһȥҷǳżƵãǳġҪ˵ôӴĶǣǻʵˣǿ϶˵Ŀһֱˣһѹû˹עǡ
ηǳʧ䣬ҾôͲˣиǺ棬ǳʲôأ
ҲǽѽǸյͳµĻƶߣɾˣǵ¿ѯһ
ݴʷʵˣЩԱȻҪӭӡ
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£漴Ц޻ʲôأԭϱ
Ц˵ϱʵǴӾѧԺġ
ŶһԭǺյĳʽѽ
ԶԶԣʽϡʵʽʹû̫˵ע⣬Ǻ˷е̻ǾͳǮһ֮ǰҲΪ⣬ǺԽԽ˶УҲǷǳֻҪбһƱ󣬳Ҳȥ˼أǷǳȤ£ĸҲһ֧϶ӣֻϧСͱ̭ˡ
ʽϣҲǼʶģȷЩȤζҲ˵Űɡ
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1770 ɶ׬Ǯ
ȫԵģôӰ϶ҲȫԵģӰǼΪɹ档ΪȻҲӰ죬Ϊݴʷȴ̸ܸ۷£ǳɣ⣬ʵˣӦ÷ǳŲǣɼûгʲô⡣
ʵҲùⲻܺùģȴ˱øӷ١֣ΪһЩ˼ʵҵøɣǾͿʼͶҵΪȫЩʵҵˣǾҵʵǲӰģΪ˰ûӡ
һ㣬˰Ļۿ϶İգӾͲùܹģһҪǰҵܸԹڡ
Ȼ˵нɵģùԱͷڼ󣬵ҲڹٳĻɹܲܲ˵׼չ¥ȥԺǰջ췴ģֻȥᳫӲԹ涨
ʿǷǳ࣬ЩǶǴģǶߣǵȻܿģҪףָӹţǳϲҵⲻһ䣬ҵͳ˳ʵûҲᳬĳģȷʵȳʺϸҵ̫ŨĻǳá
ҲΪʲôʽһ¾ͷչʵʽڳģǰĳ˶ķչΪû̫ˣ͢־ߴ̼ѾûжϹʱ˭пȥ֣ȥгǮ̸ö
ոǵΣͿ֡ٵľ󣬲Ϊǰһֱڹ棬Ҳ̫ȡĳɹڡ帮ﴵһЧ˵ն·Ϊֽ֮ˣҲǰҪ֡
ʵǰζмӣûǾͼŬɡ
Ҳû˵ŽȨջΪֵΪεȷʵ̫ˣһǾҪʱĻָʵǷǳҪģûĻ͵ýȨ࣬ڣͿڴʺ֮ƽ⣬СĴۣȨСɼλιҲûа취
һĵλҲ˱øȹ̣ǵ֮Ǹ绢һֱԱõλԱĹٽ׶ø࣬ЩԱģȻж£ΪģͲҪֱӿһҪԭΪͿԱܿٳ
һʵۼݵܵһ䶯ճ֮Уѹû˹עʵۡʺʵ˵ˣʲôϵֻԼѣĴС̸ֻһ£Ǿλ¥쳾ѾӦϾ̨ݡ
Ŀǰ˵ıλ쳾½ĵһһ֮䣬Ȧߺһĺ䶯ЧӦ֪
ǸոյΣҲеնߵĿȣԴҲǳ棬üʶһ۳Ͷ٣ҪϢǾȥţھʱȥʶһ¡
ͬʱ䣬Ҳһµеҡ
ʵνң죬˶ᡣ
ڣңøǮ
춼øǮȥǷô
˵һ̴ݣСϢð˳ʲô˼ҵǧСʱ˴̼겻˵ȥң̾ͱÿʲô򸾣ͷβۿͥҪˣȥ˼ңͺ
Ϣõǣ̾˰յע⡣
ֻݳϽһͨСԺ⣬վŲٵˣұ˴֮໥ţʱʱſڳһۡ
ôûꣿǰ滹ôˡ
ĺˣֻҪԤԼգҽһģ˼ҶǼõģһսӼˣһˣҪԤԼ¹˭Ҳš
⡰ҽһְҵȫһҵˡʵҲҽֻͷҽֳɺü࣬ʳҽҽҽȵȣǹ˼壬ĲҽǾȻͽҽ
˵ģⷨǹƽʱиɶöǶǴ˼ȥֻں濴ŪԤԼĻҲڸ˵ǰ档

Ҵôǲôѽ
ҵҲһԴǽŽɣܽ˸ĺôֱǰҸڵĳɣΪﳳܣҳߣ֮ⷳ࣬ܵû뵽˻ȥ֮˶ÿһԼҵ￴Ƿ򸾼ûôܣǶĺܣ
ô
ģҸվ

ϼ䣬͵øʮǮҲ̫һ㡣
ҲʮǮѣʲôҵȥڹһˣ˵ҲûʮʮǮһڹ¾Ƕһǽ˵ٻ˸˵֮ȥڹֵ
ǻ˵Դҳ֮ȥڹµ˼˲١ʵҲһҲŵ˭Ҳ㣬Էܿ㡣

ˣˡ
ϣǲǡؼүô
㲻֪ɣүһֱϲлҵСӣүΪ£ȥлףϧлջǾСӼ޵ȥɵ֪֮󣬴һ֮һֱѻǰգؼүβ˵ЧǳɻҪүΪһƳ̣ÿվơ
Ƴ̣⵱β
˼СԺңβʲôϡġ˼ǿǷǳ淶ģĲĻƳ̵ģҪһʱգǮǸҪö࣬˵ؼҿǻʮǮŶһƳ̣˼ؼҲȱǮ

ԺڵһСڣ治ͬǣڵװ궼ոµģҲǳ£ʧָһַǳܰĸо
һȴ磬Сݸ롣
ҽҼǮҼǮİɡ
һӸվȥһС㣬ʵ̫һ㡣
ֻ˵¹ӣѵҷ˵ô֮ʧȥߵĺѣǾΪǿҵռϣѵΪ˼룬ŵĺѲռ䲻ǻ£ҪܹںķΧڣռܹٽģǳˣͻẦ㡣βڿʼѧת뿪

֪Уɽ
Ӱ÷ȥ
磬̫ˣ֪ôԴһȥǻڹµ˶ʱͼ˲١
ܼܵ㵸
˵ɾ͸ɣܿͽҿڶʱڣŪùΪ֪
ôǺǣǺ°оŻнڹһҶ˵ֻ߻ؾŵ·ڰڹ¡ЦǺǵ룬ҿ㻹̵ʲôʱ
ִܵչ磬ܲܽѧڸҡ
ʵôѧȤ
ܵܺٺٵǰãҺܸȤһֱͦϲ죬Ҫ⻹ܹˣٺҲûˡ
㲻ùСּô
ѽѾݳΪ͢Ҳҿ϶͢Ǯ׬ˣûбҪݣЩ˿ɶҵĺð֣ͿԽǴҾרĸѧѧ
뵱ڳʱǶæøƵãܵÿǱԹ̫ˣʴˣص֮ǾͿʼԼϲ£ڷ¥磬ߴĴ棬߰һЩףǮҲ׬ˣҲ꣬СּѾԼĻҪ²ġ
Цðһһȷʵе
úúãлл硣


ϡ
ǵĴҽ׬˶ǮգӣһСԡҲ֪Ϊʲôʱں׬ǮȫûȤ÷壬ָǰһ׬Ǯͳͳùҷǳָо
ƽ
ҽһˣ治֪˭ȡģǱŤյ㲻ǰɣһ½һ˾УҪ
һһ֮ǮȻǹҹܣҪôǮ
շŰ۵һʮǮѾ͵ԪȥˣĵҪƱ
ԪĵƵһ׬ʮǮ
յͷˣŪƳ̣Ƴ̡
Ԫĵһ⣬һ׬ʮǮڰ
˱ѽ
һۣЦҲ٣һƳ̵£ƽûжǮģŸոսǮ׬ǿɱǣǰΪ˸ǻ˲Ǯ
ѩЦЩֶҲգݳǾͶ֪ˣѧԺС֪ҡ
չǵȻҾǿҵġ
ºΪʲôĻܻţ
յΪ汾µġǣǰЩԶŪģû汾£ҲôѽҪøжǣһǾ͵üʱǮ죬һǮûиݰҪ֪һĽ
ˣ
ЦЦվȻˣǾͲռˡĵ㡢ѩİɡ
ҴˣιιιǱѽҸǮҸǮ˰ɡ

һǳص֮ʱÿմ򿪷ŵһ˲䣬̧ͷ죬ƣȻһ죬˷ܵĴ
ԭ֮գڴ֮ǰѾϢգһտνڴ͵ӳ٣ҹв㣬ղҪꡣ
ɼնǶôϲ


1771 ǻ
ϳһΧ׼ȷ˵ǾΪǻһϳûа취˶̫ˣһ㲻ˣ˵Ϳ϶йӦΪʵǱģûǾͲ˵ġ
ʱʼнһӵʱ䣬ѾϯУҶһʵ̫ڴټгϢʱ򣬻к쳾ӵıݣԴҶ͸е⼸յСϢ˫״̬ԼԱǵİԣַһģһûκ
ǳⶼŲˣȻվҲǷǳ㡣
ǲ֪ǵĻʵۡʺҲˣмĹڡ
ʵʵҲʲôϣ˶δ֣һ䡰ϼݵߴһʵˣʵҲˣڹȻҲ֣ͬǰҪǲ֪ʵٻЩʴΡ볡ҲǶԴһֱܵġ
ͬҲûжˣ򸾺Ȩ򸾣Լĸףϡ
һⳡ棬ЦǺǵʽϹϲ
رµĻһƱߵĶǮˡ
ô󣿡
ѽԭ򲻵ǮǺ¥ĺ쳾ӴӦгݳ֮Ʊ۶췭һ֮ࡣ
εһ˶ѣôܻӭ˵ţ͵͵ƺķ죬ûע⡣
ﲻҴ⻰ϻس˸ѵȨ֪ɫïĸ˵֪쳾ڸ跽棬ѵһŮӣչֵǶǷǳӱģ츳ŬҲ׷ġ
ôε˵ʲô
Ȩ¥Դһֱܣݷ䴫ԣҪݡ֡
֡ЩΪ⡣Ϊ⡶֡˵ǴƵĹѽȻҲϲ⼸쳾ӣһŮӣǸ裬Ǿˣ֡ǹ͢Ŀи˶йЩô
Ȩ£˵֣ҲǶ꣬ǳţ쳾һܹǾϲ
ֻЦЦȻ̫ţΪ֡ڹжѾã汾üԼŪһԼİ汾ܸʲôϲ
֮෴ǣڵȴ쳣ǡ
ֻʱϯĻ
θоЩ˼飬ֵʱ򣬿Ҳûô䶯ּÿһԱǣһСЩСǸʲôģ
ŻشΪʵ̫ܴϲʴЩ˶ѾһЩСǵӣԢŴС
úǺһЦ⵹ͦȤġ
򵥵볡ʽ󣬱ϾҪʽʼÿһˣʮˡ
һȫͷˣ֮಻ϡ
ʽͦģȽϸû̫֫ײǽɣԼŶ֮ĬϣͷҪǸһȥһҲ÷ϵ룬ϾͷҽҲ
˶һͨģֹģַΧ֮£ȻھѧԺЩѧԱʽϣֻˣȻͬһ˶ˣʽкܶ𣬸оҲȫһκܿͶȥҲףΪʲôô˶Դ˸еԣȷʵǳ̼
ǵһʱϱߵĹߵĹȴѻȸ
м䣬Ҳܵߣú͵ֻǳȤ
ܿ죬ڶͳˣϱѻȸ߻ϡ
ﶼ̲סЦʽϻȤгⶼܾʡ
Цŵͷ
ڴУϰ볡ܿͽӽβ
ȷնȶɼǷǳҵġ
κһڲ裬ЦǱеȤĶࡣ
ͷΪҪǾȤҪ˵ЩɣҲòǺܶ
εͷʺ֮
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ģܿģò˶ãʵһֱгʱ򣬶ᰲűݣĿľÿﲻģЩ˵Ļ˵Ͼһ˼ǻǮģǵȻչȫ
εͷ˵ǻǻ档
ԣܿ죬һռݴ̨ʹˣʵҲǺմģװʽȽһãȻΪ
Щ̨װ֮󣬴󲿷־ȥ
κΪҪô
ܰ׳գûӣǻʵѽǴΪʱޡ
ԶԶԣЩ˵˴ͻȻĿתĿ̨ϣֻһѩ׵Ķһ١
Ҳѻȸ˶̨ϵİɫ١
ǡ
׼ѯʱ
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Ůӵ˻ǲΪ͵ĵͷ
ЦҲûд˵еǰϾʵۣ߶ڻʹ۹ǷǳߵģŮȻĲǲڵ޵ĵز
ȨƵ˵ôôָĳˮأ
ѣ
Ȼ䣬һ𣬷·˴˯оһ㡣
Ȼֹϯ϶ʱһ֮
ֻƷ̨һָ̨ϴľĺ쳾µҲϱݣ治Ӷˣؼȥɡ
ô£
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Ҳһ㵣ʿҪôȻŻʵۿݣ£ȥ
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Σֿڣ澿ʲôèأ
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Ц·ûǳһŮ˿ô
ҡҡͷ޷ŵûעһ㡣ΪʱҶˣû̫עЩϸڡ
ΪǹôƵġ
Ǻǣԭˣ뷨ǡ
˵䣬̨ϴһεδ
ָæȥֻ̨ŮˣΧź쳾ý̨̤ǷһַǳײҲǺߣǷǳнġ
赸û˼ϯҲ̰
Ϸ绯ı仯ôҶôľ
Ȼ죬εδ𣬽ʮ㡣
ٶԽԽ죬ǵˣԼϵı仯ڶܹܵƵζͷǳȤÿ˶ڴź쳾ĻӦ
ۡ
ȫͻȻһ
Ǻ쳾ͻȻȡ·ֱδȹڷӦһͷںڵ㷢һ׹βͶ䣬ջ󡣵⻹ֹͻȻ˺ֵĳ䣬˺ֵĳ䣬Ǹɾ䣬ʵ̫Ըˡ
Ѿ˻
һȫڶ۾ͭһ󣬾ΡȨֱ˿̨ǰ
ֻǺ쳾ӽǳȹҲ˺룬ôĶ˶ǷǳšԸˡڶѾܲˣʼѪˣȻ洩Űɫĳ㣬ʲôʵǳջû˼̨ôģҶԷǺ쳾ڹƬûʲô𣬸Ѫڣ÷
Ȼ϶ҲƺõģΪǺ쳾Ȼȹڶ˺ˣȫʧУԶԶȥǾһ׷ǳȹװԵĸɾ䣬ҽĸ͹Ե쾡¡
ƵҲͣ
һ󾪺
ֻ쳾ڴͥ£ԼЬϧŰӣϧ֮ǾһĻѾֵƱۣ˭õܹ￴ż˺ȹӵġ
οúǾ棬Ǵʲô
ҡҡͷҲ֪۾ñ˭ȫˡ


1772 ϲ
Ǻ쳾Ь˫Ьߵߵ̨ϣһʦһ˫ص׻ɫƤѥӡ
ֱӻ˫صѥӣ˺ȹ·һ׵ģȻⶼƳģǳߴ˼¡
ણ
ֻ÷
ҲΡ
Ȼ䣬˿ǰߣȴ󻬶
貽һȫ˶ˡ
Ҳ죬Ŀ̨ϻٻӰβź£⡪ʲô裿
ߵûŮǰʵ򰡡
ֻ̨ϵĺ쳾ӻǰȻһתǣ׶ˮɴ䣬ҾһȻѾѹˡ
ȫڡ
þòϢ̫˧ˡ
úһǲŽ
ȵȫ̤
વ
һ쳾Ҳ̤ǵĽ࣬ұ߻Ҫö࣬һ˫޳ϸ˫ȷ·ֻӰһ㣬Ҳ򣬼߽С
ֿŻɢĽУйɫֽı仯ͳôҶ÷ǳӱҲǼԡ
Ǻ쳾һ֮󣬾ͣ
һΣһΣ߶
ִǿҽеĶ裬ڿ
οɲˣʶٹ㣬Ҳδʶ赸Ҳͷ֪ԭ赸ôǲ˼ѽ
ˡ
ͻȻ䣬֪һ
ȻѣѰȥһʦŭŹ鳣ָ̨ϵˣµǾǿɾҪȥˡ

عڲϵˣЦ
Ρһ漴ҲЦϷԵı仯ǰһΪûԤϽᷢʲô˸ڴǰ赸߱ġ
飡
ͻȻ̨ϵͬʱһĶ
ЦȻֹ
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ડ𣬵һǵĶ뻮һ
ʦֿʼ֡
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һ̣ڴΪδ˴赸֡
Ȼ䣬̨ϵĹԱ½½̨ȥ͸һйģҲũģдƷģһЩʦ
ԶԶţͺ˶̨ϼˣӪһȫ綼ķΧ
һ̨Ͼվ˺üʮˣŲһķ̣ʿũ̶С
뻮һĲͷţÿһһµġ
ˣʮһߴ̨뻮һ֪һ߽УٹҲ鲻ԽŶ
ֱƾ裬ʱ޴ģҪһ֡Űɽȡơ
ı̤裬ôˣټ޹ġֶӣһ㣬뻮һǽֵľչֵ쾡¡
⣬ҲǾ±ģʱʱ׳ʱʱ֡Ҳڲϵı仯ȫǸݺ˴̵͸ıɣͨķʽһս۸
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쳾һվм䣬ʼĶ裬ýΪࡣ
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ţһһ̤ţһ߻ص̨룬쳾һԼӿ졣
һԵʦǣǴ죬Ϊ̫죬Ҳ÷
𺳣
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Ƿ·ʧȥʶ˫Ŀ̨ǿĽ࣬ʶİڶš
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Ҫ֪һ赸ƱʮҲû򡣾ˣ⾪˵ŵˣ澿ʲô
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һ߹ƣһҡͷֻ˼顣
ͻȻ䣬𣬵̨ϵǣ֣Χ̨һתţһܵĹھϹ⡣
̱СһƬܰķΧ
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תһȦ֮󣬺쳾һߴµ̨ڹУߵһͨȥ
̾һȺͽǸ̨ˡ
Ҳصλϣƺδ΢΢ҡͷ䵱ʱɡ
ʵ֪ΪΣ
һЦǺǵ쳾ӵȷǵŮӵĳƺѽһ赸ʺͲа
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ЦЦ޵壬Ǻ쳾Ӱɡ

Ȩҡͷǰ֣ȴ͸һ˿顣
ﵱȻôģȴ֪Ҳôģֻڱϣʴֱӽ˵쳾Ȼһ˳ˮ飬ЦǺǵҲ˵ţŵʤȥǺ쳾Ӹ
ʱ°볡ѾʼˣεڻĹУղѾ߳ˣҲûоһظ߳û̫עⳡڵ
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һڣǺ쳾ӷ·һ㣬ͨһڵ£ūū澲μ¡
ö
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лݡ¡
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μ쳾һ㣬Ųӣͷսսģǵǵͷ㷽úã̧ͷ
쳾ӵ̧ͷ˸ŽšӵĹâ
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Ҳ£Ȼ쳾ɴüĿҲʶ
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Ǻˣʵ
æǴļĸ
Ŷ
εͷ
ʵ˵ҪԵΪҿɴ
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κǸʲôֻѡ
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ֲǱҪ̻һ˰κǺЦţȻΪ⣬·ҲżʣֵȻˣȡɴ˵ɣ޻治ϰ߶һɴŮ˵
ū
쳾ɴһȡɴһžף峺ͫףüĽë΢΢زţ˫õ廨꽿Σǰһξ裬ǰ覵Ƥ͸ΣȴԽޡ
ֻһеĲ豭ϡ
ͬʱ䣬δʧɫѿںʺ󣡡


1773 ׺
ʺ
κԲǳﺰãǳŸոȡɴĺ쳾
ԭ쳾Ǳˣ棬Ľᷢޡ
ĺ쳾ڽǰѾˡƾź쳾֮ϱǰĺ쳾ǳţ֪黭ʫʸ踳һټϺյĴڣ󣬺ܿǣһٳ
Ϊ࣬Ҳɷѿģŵ̤裬ǿɶǺһְŵġ
ΪʲôѡǳΪǷǳƻʴ㵽ȡøһʱһģʶ̫ˣ帮ڣʱһʵʩѹڵĲ̫࣬ȻĻƻչ
һЩͷټ棬ʴǳʱǱҪޣβŨȤͺ档Ϊ˺ջ滬ԼһЩ赸汾ͼⷽ츳⼸һֱר赸輼Ҳǰٳ߸ͷһڵ쳾һ£һֱϰյ赸
浱ε棬ȡɴѾ֤յļƻ൱ɹ
˸ΰ
࣬ǳڰ飬Σһʺ󡱣νɨأѾܾûбôˡ
⡭ôܣ
ֻۣ˼飬εĻ壬Ȼʶ棬оԼ˻þ
Ȩûмʺ󣬵ҲǴģΪɫסˡ
˰
һŭȡ
Ȼʶתͷ
ͬʱ˽
ָ︾ϳȥҹ

澪һһ㵡
ջôãݼеģΪǰʾ

ǰ

θæֵֹֻ£κ˶׼

Ȼεģת뿪ˡ
쳣ѵӴ˷Ŀгŭ
ȱŭѵºô
ֿ棬гһʱ֪ѯʡ

·֪һ㣬ͻȻڵϣֵĴ󺰵
Ƶ㡪ô㲻Ѿ
㶵ĿΣϳ󣬡Ǳūô
ȵ㻹ҽƱ硣
һ£ū澸ū澸ʺˡ
ȱæġξֲ棬ʵ㾿Ǻˣģ
£漴ūʿΪ֣ȥ꣬һǰ
ŭߵΪ⻰ƭĹ˭
ǼȽţַǳ£ҲһˣͻȻ棬ܲô
һū澾ʵºͻʺ󡣡
ϸ棬㱾ʲôն󣿡
ū澱ɯɯʮˡ
ʮˣ
üͷϸĴһ棬룬ѽţѾʮˣôᡣȻƺʲôվߵǰ̧ͷ
ӵ̧ͷһ˫Ŀۼȥˡ
βһǸӵӿֳ
һԵĿ£ķζҪըˣ¡
һֻʮΣϽԼΣֵʺϴأ
ã䲻ȵ檿ɡ
ε޾޴⣬Լ
üһ壬͸ɻվߵԡ
ε㿴ұߵüǴǿ룬˿ûеġ
￴һۣһųǳȻ˦һشϡ
žһ

ֱӱſڵء
Ȩ˽һͷ΢΢һۣǰѵһ㻹µ֣ǱѽǼģǰʢˣһǾηʱ棬ǳ磬ϧȻͬһǸоȫһ
κȵ
ΣָʲôϷҾóѵġ
ʺʺ
ŵùĽ£һĿͷ
·ʧȥһ㣬Ҫ
ˣ
ͻȻһץסŭĿ㻹ûн޷
ãҲɴĿΣ£ˣΪʺ󣬴ĸˣѵҲôΪά
ŮһˣˣҲẦµġ
㡪ŭʲôʱ˲
һ㶣漴ŭ¾ȻΪһ檣
еշ·˲һ㣬ʵ۸ʺ󳳼ܣŵǲΡΡҴ
Ů£
һԵͻȻǰﵲ󣬵£ϢŭϢŭʲô»ȥ˵ȥ˵
Ҳע⵽ˣһֳŵʤʤȰѺ쳾뵽ȥ
С
ŵʤһ£æǰ
뵽ȥ
ﵱȻŭֹʱϵǰһʹɫǿеŭ𣬽ƫһȥ
бһˣɫ֮࣬£˭й¶䣬ݹ޲档
˵ţ˳ȥ
ѾŭɶǶˣԵĹȥŮ˵йصһ˵ȣȫعȥ
ū
ǹҲææ˳ȥ
Ը֮Ҳ˳ȥȫ򸾡
ȵҲ뿪֮ͻȻͳһ·ջعһ㣬⡪ô£
ҡ֪⡪鷳ˡ
һĨźһߵôôƵˡ
ʵ۸ʺ󱬷ìܣǷǳµģټﲻǰĻʺпҲʵȨģĵλǸǾذ
ʵȨҲҽͷŪĻҪġ
ʱͬγһ罺ᣬ뿪ʱζûͻȥˡ
Ϊ̫ӣں󹬣ˣһСƢҲģλһЩڵģڣ㻹ôǿƣôҲһʵۣһһˣĶŭˡ
ֻϳһȥ˼ҲûдٳͬһȥҲǷǳŭΪԼдεĴʵΪһˣȻʺŭ̫ˡ
Ůѽ㷽Ϊǰ嶯ȫͲ㡣뵽һĻ񶼸е¡
ѵûпű¿Ǽ˵ôǶǼδˡ
ŷӦڳԴףͲܶģǵ㲻ô·ǳôһͱڹУôܳŮǲŪأ
ü˼Ƭ̣һʱҲЩ󲻶̫˽ˣ쳾չֳԸɫǰ˵ǽȻ෴ȻһĨɱǼ٣ҶŮ˻ϡ


1774 ϵݼ
ΪһɫμңԶǵ棬͸ˣ쳾ǲ棬治ֻ֪֪ҪϣǶǷǳġ
ʴˣ벻ǣһʧ
Ѿö⣬ǲɸıġ
ζԣǳ˸־ϲһЩӦ
βͬʱоǷǳӣһʱҲ֪ô¡
ǣǰϲ棬Щ񣬵˾ˣֻʧȥ˲ŻᶮϧϾĽᷢޣûеʵۣͼ޸֮棬Ҳȫ汾ˣлһԭΪ޼ЩԪϡ
ʱҲھεģΪ˻һС
ʴˣٿоϲھΣижпģл䣬֮ζӳ£˵ζ
иоУҪûиоˡ
ŵʤʵҲΪ˱棬Ϊֻܹ棬ϾҪɱģǻʺ󣬵µڶˡ
֮·һ㣬Ϳ޵滨꣬ˮƲҪǮµ
αķң޸ͣǸӷƣüܲܡ
⻰˵һ룬žһָɽͨͨģҪ֪һ⣬ǷԷŭ飬ҶͷҲһ࣬ôƯβϧ⻰ߣʱ䣬ʵû°ɡ
ҡҡͷһĳ£ū澾ʲôء
˵ڴ͸ųһ˼ί
治ĻȻеίʲôͱǴ˭ﶼίҲøһɰɡ
Ϊ
Ҳ֪οڣȻú񣬵Ը棬ǽȻ̫ͬԭһ뺷ĵԸǷǳǿʲô¶ϵͷ͸ܿ޳ӡУҧ촽ҲģϾǽ֮󣬵ǰŮӣ͵ĽŮˣˣˮһ㣬޵ûûˡ
⣬Ҳϣ濴ȥʮʮģӡλӺݻʢˣһʺˡ
ͣ˰Σŵ㽫ĸ˵һ顣
ĿΣ󣬺ҵʲôϵ
Ҳ֪ôͣǵ˵˵
ĺ϶ĽԼ֪Ρ
⵱ȻǺհźõġ
ʿСңﻷϧ˶ңĸʹϧĸ·Ͼˣʮ۵ĻʱͻСպþͩ®ĸ˽䣬⽭ʹȥ˽ꡣ
սǵݶ˶ҳϹϵΪ㲻ò飬ʱ˶췴ȵҳһƬճӣͲõ顣
Ů꣬Ŀףֻһ·Ǿȥ¥ˡʵ⽭ʵҲȷǸ˳ֻǴ˼ҵĸˣҲ˵̣¥ĸˣѡҲΪȷʵǴͩ®ģֻߴŵСŮŮ֮ĸŮǮˣ䲻·̵֪ʹֻ࣬˵ȫûκϣʴŮ÷ǳܣͷŮ˲Ǹû
պú˹ˣҵ
ֻʱ֪ԼջΪƻһǷǳΣյģʱֻǸôôЩһֱڴԼĹ
֮󣬾쳾Ӳ棬Ϊ˶ҵʱ˶ڹ浱ʺ󣬶ʱǾѾ꣬Ȼ̫õ飬ǿȥ飬Ǻƭġ
ԸǾƲȥ˵ģһĿ£˺ȹӣ˺ӣֱβġ
ɼ㲻ǣһҲֲеź˵ʧá
ĻǺԣ治ʧȥ֪ﲻ׷Źģ֣ϾҲеڵġ

ģ
һĿŲ塣
ڵϣɫŻˣΨΨĵ˵ͷȻǻ󣬵ûҴһʺʲôϵʵ벻ס
ѽһ빬񵱲ʱʶ壬˹ϵǳãӹгȥ￪¥ʵҲﰵֵ֧ġҪΪṩǮ֧֣Ϊڶ빬ҪܶǮȥЩ̫࣬ⶼǲģ˶ʼҲǱﰲڻ¥
ֻ岢֪˶ݣʵĿûм
ﵱȻŲ岻ẦʵΪҪ
ʺǰūȥһ˽ϣƹ㻰磬ͬʱҲȥɫһЩݣպþ˽ͺ쳾ǣū澼Ǻ쳾ǳǾݣǵʱǻԸ뿪ֱ꣬˵ĴԺֶӵ£ѧϰū澾פ¥ݡ
Ҳ˵Ǽĸ˵öʵ
ͷū֪ǵģǺڽС
ѵ治ﲻü˼
ʱһ˽ʺŵʤ
ʲô
˵ҪǸȥʻ
߳ŭ󷢣ȥ߱£С

ǹתȥʱͻȻֵ
ʺкηԸ
ȻᡣǽҴ

һֻһŮ˽
ȿȿȣ
ǸŮͷɢϣǱѣѪһðȵᡢ鶼ˡ
һƳٸһλᣬʵҪ֮ء
ʡʺȿȿȡʺʺ㡪Ҫū˵ʲôūһ˵ūһ˵ǽſڵǿ޺
ѽͷӲѽϳȥնˡ
һ⻰˹ȥ
գü̾ŵʤɡ

ȺŵʤģҲŵһŶãĥɲҶ˵ʲôߵ̫Ž䣬Ͻ뿪
̣̣
濴ʱ򣬶ѾŻˣæ˹ȥŽ䡣

ͻȻͳһ󺰵ʺʺ
Ȼ˽̣ǷǳˬģҲˣѾҪʵ϶ˣʳʲôˣǵ֮£ֻһᣬȻȥɡҪס֮£֪Ҫͷء


1775 Ů֮ս
⼸գǾͲҪ¶棬ڼϢޱҪţϵˣĪҪ˿ס𣿡
ŵʤŽǰСĶ
ǣū֪ˣū֪ˡ
ΨΨĵͷ
߰ɡ
ŵʤӻֵ
ϵʻš
ŵʤҡͷ̫ˣ
һԵС̫ʵټ࣬˵ʲô񣿡
ŵʤС̫࣬ô࣬С
С̫൱ŵò

ϡ
ûʹ֮桢䲻ԼͬɵһɫҲСĽ
û°ɣ
ǹ۲һĻСʵ
ҡҡͷֻסðһĨЦ
ɵһѵһǶɹȥˡ
Цһ˵⻰ͻΪʱ磬ǸŮǲװֵģĽŸոտʼ˵ţֵۣȻԸŹңһϷҲݲȥˡˣû
һ㶣漴ǵģصؽѡڽգ֪ЩӸϿ϶ȥףġ
ǻȥ֮׼һ£ҹؽȥ
侪㵵Ŀ档
˼ֻͨĸˣʱӦؼңǼⲻϳ
üǡ
治˵꣬ǲ׵뿪
Ȼ򣬵漴ǵǱ¾ôȥˣɼ¶㡭
ҵֱǲģ¾ô׷뿪Ҳֻ·һ


ʺݵ
ʵ⡰ݵδڣѾ嵽ε鷿ˡ
ƺѾԤϵɫֻǳŵʤӻ֣ŵʤźŮ
һϣʵ˵½˸أ
εͷǵġ
Ｄ¶δܾͷ뿪
εѾ˵ϴˣǺ쳾Ͳ档
һ֪ε֪ģ
üЩˬţҲʶ棬ΪԸ񣬻ȥһôǲܵ¡
£һı檴δϻƵˡ
ʲôıЦЦ޿ˣڹбģѵмٵĲɣŵĻȥ飬Ϊ쳾棬Ȼ˳úƣǳ֮⣬κƵĵط
ЦȻǵĻǲ֪Ϊ˰һˣ檽Ҫͷˣ»˽𣿡
𰸵ȻǷ񶨵ġ
Ҳϣֻ޾ްκˣȲ棬޹ģǻʺҲɱ޹⣬Խ˽̣޶ûй㣬ҲͲҪͱˡ
˵ͱˣǳίôΪΪʲôǺ±»ܼɱΣʱ׷Ī֮檾ʹ˰ݵģ³檶Ҫһˮʯ
˵꣬һ˦䣬ľ뿪ˡ
βüͷ漴ֱĿ̾˿бϣȫĻ棬ðΣͻȻ溰˰


죬ôĿĵȻΪƽΪ׬Ǯⶼûʲô÷ϵġʴǽ֮գһգǽ꣬ҲƳٵһգƳٵգ֮һýеեȡɾϾǹǺ쳾̨ݣͻ˲Ǯ
ǵƻַͨǷеľ¥¥ȫǱϯ
ֻٲ̸۵ǾҴ󲿷̸۵ĶǺ쳾гʱıݣҶԴǽֵ
ɼ쳾һѾķͷȫǹȥˣΪһ̫ྪ޵ĵطͷһ֪ԭ赸ôģңӾȥҴҶں쳾輼Ͷء
ǻĳֱ֣ڶûŪôġ
е競ڻ¥ҲȻƵģҲϷӵģ¥棬һֱߺš쳾ȺЩķ˿й֮޲
Ȼһֱδ֣¥Ľͣǽں쳾̫ۣԴϢܳ֡
еźͬʱҲ⣬¥Ĺ깫һҪúչ˺쳾

ʱ֣һҹɫȥ
ǰȴǰĽ
үղûô
ʵ
ֻǼ߳һְֵˣŵʤһ֣Ǽ̽һȥŵʤߣ쳾ӡ
ƿһǣ漴洫һôǡ㣿
֪쳾ôǼŵʤ²ʵ
ūǡǡ
Ҫؽɡŵʤ˵˴𰸣ֵǺ쳾ӿɷһߣɾʲô˵أ
ū澡ū֪ˣū֪ˡ
㲢ûдֻʱǰȫġȥɣȵ½֮󣬱Ȼ뿪
ŵʤȴ֪ʱڵĽĨĨһǲסһϷɾûȥˡ

ϾǺմͽܣΨһһҵӣʱ治ǰ棬˵һǧǧרĥԵģԶԣͨˣʱһȱȫУκһȱȫʱһصӦõøϽؼҡ
뵽һ㣬ȻҲ뵽һ㡣
ʺǺ쳾ȷҹǣֻڳǰŵʤֻصǾסլԺ档
һ
ɫһﲻ
治ߣ϶Ϊ⣬뿪ĻֻҪǣǾĲˣɱֶѾˡȻҲ뵽οܻȥģľֻһˣӦ뿪Ҫȥס쳾֤ס쳾
Ҳ̽ε˼
Ȼǳŭġ
ϼɫΪѿֲ˵Ҳǳģǹӻ֡
ǹ̹¡
ԣŮΪʼվý㻹̫嶯ˣƽʱ㣬ˣǰѿɱҪĶ࣬Խѣ㷴Խ侲嶯½Ͼ
һĵ˵ǣҴʱӦ侲
ˣɫԻͼ֣ϸý´ͷβһ顣
ǣϸ˼ѽ
ͻȻһӣһŵһ׼ѯʱﾪգǺգ


1776 
գ
ЩĪ⳶һЩԶȥˣƵŮкιϵ
գһжǺڴǸŮһǼˡ
ɱڣּд˿˿־塣
ȻŮ⻰ִӺ˵ѽ
ﲻʵмǼ˵ʬ壿
ҵδ˵ֵģ㲻ǻ
ֹʵǰָｫ͡桱ʬ嶼ʬΣȥ÷
Ǽ۵ʱҼֻѾոɵʬ壬ǾʬǲǼˣ˭Ҳҿ϶
úëƬ̣ǿɶ˹ѺڵģɭϡʱǴǶôӳ죬ʬԼ棬ʵǷ˼˵ʱǰ󺰼䣬Ҷġ
Ǿ͵컻գҲﻰһתɲҪǣʱΪһ͵͵ͽȥŻһ𣬼ȻܹͽȥҲһа취Ǽ˸͵ǵʱҲֻ˵ǿɴδǼ˵
һΪǷǰѻǲܵĥԼƻҵĲ䣬ȻҲǼпܵģҾϻһģһˣƫƫֻûʵôɵ¡ǼûĻôһĸĿģʵΪ˾ȳǼˡڵʱʲôҪﷸӽ䱸ɭϵĻʹȳΨг޼ɣ޼Ѿˣôʱ˿ĻݵһǺաҶԺյ˽⣬ΨŻְ취
ʱǨѾûκ֤ݿ֤ûбҲ޴ӲΪ޼ɶˡŷǳģҲƾŻΪġңһıңһıǲκɺϵģɺϣҲΪһıУܲΪʲôὫһ˶ɱˣܼ򵥣ΪһıңҸˣ˸ҡҲˣûжԴĸֻгܿܵ˼롣
һôһ˵ܡ
һġ
ǰѰ˼ţ볤޼ɾıʲôΪ볤Զ㣬ˣһеļ֮֮
˫Ŀһѵ롭
дġ
ƾĵλҪ⵹ңǲܵģ
ˣ뵽ʱ飬Լŵʤ棬Ǳʹ֣ͬʱǷǳ¡
ֻĻǻ㲻ʲôһգϣ͸ӿֲˡ
ϰӴһһлǴ
ҲӦҪȷʵȽѣΪɲǴ󳼣վڴϣǻʺݷǳ⣬ȻѾǰ̨ȴں󹬣޷ֱӴΪʡµİ취ŪŮȥԻΣַȥﵱƾŰλģεĹϵţҪŻƣͳˣνһݡ
⡪ô죿
϶ʱЩˣԽԽһıֵҪȥ˵
ü¶֮ɫѾǼ˸Իס϶Ǽˣû֤ݵ£ǲҵġ˵ЦһʱǻʺʱҶοֻһˣҾȥҵҪ⼸Ӻѧüɱ¡


¹ûϴҹǺ쳾뽭͵͵ǣСѾ쳾ͻǾסլԺҼֱǡ
ŵʤ
εͷüȴ͸ų
ŵʤΣš
ͻȻƳһۣ˵ʲô˵ˣ޲ġ
ŵʤСˡСֻΪ뿪Ҳδһ£µǻΣգҲ˰лǡ
֪ô˵γ̾һʵֺγ֪뿪˭ãǡޡ޲ôʧȥʵޡԼ֪Լʲô˵棬һ֮ɫ
ŵʤһ
ʵ۶ô˵ˣǻʲô˵ģϣʵҪʲôǶġ


ݡ
ԴʷѾ˳ĽСּŵ
һ΢֣ƲСԳ
֣ͨҲ֣ϳݵ˾
Գȴ̾˿
֣ͨգ̵ԴʷǽӹܵǼ򵥣ôһԭЩ˰ģǹٸҪһЩ£ÿ¶ҪЩ˲ٹǮټǻøݵľӺ¹Ȼľӣ⸮Ǳ÷ǳԽѽ
Գüչβ֪ǳ͢´ϧ鲻ڣĻô˵˶٣ֵҲ̫ˣֻҪЩ⡢˶ȥͲ⣬е׬
Ը˰ɡ֣ͨ̾ʼվ̫ȥǵգӰ첻ǣһȥǶ֪ճ
Գһüŵúܣü˶óȥǵöûãһһóȥġҲҪסҲ
֣ͨǣ¹֪ˡ
帮Ŀ꣬ҪɹӪƶȣû˵ΪʵۺһЩǿ϶Ӧģᳳܾõġ
Ƴߣ治ǿȢĸǲӪٸƷǶǹٸͻʹʹãۡ
ʼһͳԭ֮󣬵ʮһͣΨ峯ڣûнרӪʵƳʲôרӪǺ֮󣬲Žͭ¢ϵģĳǶǹӪ
ΪʲôյҵƻƳչ˳һǳҪԭΪ͢Ӫ¢ϣ˽Ӫͷչķǳ죬ټƳشϡ㹻ԴԹȥۡ
ΪֳĻǾʲôɲɡ帮ָ£ûӲǰЩԾȥȻǵܹﵽӪĿġʵܼ򵥣ֻҪ͢ʼȻ͸ɲȥʴ͢ʼΣΪ͢ԭҪļǽΣһֱڳ͢ƿС
⳯͢ʼݵ˽÷ǳݵȫ¹ȻΣ¹Ȼóףǳ͢мˣ˭ĳ͢ͻȻθضˣΪܡ
СּŵĳʣɴٽķչҪ֪ܵܵҲǱոģԼνûôǣ;ݳȥݣܱܵϾˣУȻҪһЩ
ܵǺյܵܣ˭֪ܵһʣĸžͳôԥ
ΪΪ϶Ǻܵѽ㲻ǣտ϶ҲͬģտǴҹϵʥֻûˣʥΪɲȥˣǾΪԼԸɵȥң͢һСּţǳҲعŵģͻ͢ˡ
ʵļ۸Ƿǳ͵ģƵڳɱ˿˵Ǽٸģٸ˭Һ߼ۣټҪҲõգʱѶ㡣
⼸Ҳ׬˲٣սʱǶˣͼɡ
帮֮⣬¹Ȼθ¢ûνרӪ¹ȻҪЩʴ帮ϽݹٸգͬʱԭĸεصĹٸǿڵεļأûг͢׼ص¶أһɣͻѾﵽ˶ιӪĿġ
ĻθӼ򵥣ˡ

ʡ
ϣˣ룬롣
帮ǳĽʦΣʦƹܻɲַܸˡ
ʦ֮󣬿żɽ飬еһ¡
帮˵
ʦ飬չ¹֧ʵ̫һ㡣
帮ɣչļǮҿɶǸ㿴ģǶǷǳ˵ģĿûʲô𣬹ⲻǮûаɡ
ʦûôǮֻһ¾չôлвٹˣǻø˷Ǯ⵹Ҳˣ㻹˲ЩԼ˰Щ˶ڹ͢÷ٺ»ģˣǮɲٰ
帮ɣ㲻ֻ֧ˣҲͶǮ鲻˵ô¿ûа׳Ե͡ģһ꣬ʵҪһ꣬ǵľơϾܹˣұ֤֧٣˫ǡڹ˵Ǯþ֪вپģ꣬ͲҪⲦˡ
ô˵ˣʦ˵ʲôͷǺðɣ飬»һ̫żˡ
帮ܵףס
ʦ帮ûзϣҲ֪帮Ը񣬲ܸʲô£ǷǳѿģҲ˵ˡ

µһĸľУ帮æո̳ʱݵĺȴڵǲ˵ǳͶ롣
ΪǰڵϹӣȻҲϲִ̼ĿУżҲ룬Լļͥû飬˵һҽʦǾ죬һ㣬롣
ʴˣʵҲһ׮Ըһ˾ҽǷǳרҵڰЩˣǺƣڴ֮ǰѾɹĴԼԼԼһҽ
ҡ
ʱ䵽°࣡С֣СҰʰ
磬ҪٶӼˡΪѧͽܻܵδ
㵹վ˵ۣôԷģֲſȣǮҲѽ߰ɣ߰ɣ·ġ
Ϊһְҵղܴл°ڴϲãоͲȱڴϲãˣǸʲô
䣬ֻ棬֨ѽһּһӰ˽
˭
ʵ
˲δ
Щéȥأֹһ䣬ֵѾȥɣŶ»ҪĻǵԤԼרҵĻ
滹û˿ƫͷһֻӰƺգգۣͻȻһĨϲ֮ɫæðɣðɣôƤķϣҸİɡ
ܵһϲ̹ԹԵվһԡ
һ֪кη֮¡
Ҫɱһˡ
ܵܵŵ˫һʡ
СҰֹΣգȴСֳ󡣡
СҰĵͷ
屡ܵοߣȻ͸һ˿£ǽͷҡø˹ƵãԸߣֵˣҪһߣҪһ
СҰûа취ֻܵܶСС֣ģǺĺѣǸ˵ЦģҪ̸һЩ¡
ܵܺɵĿһۡ
СҰͷֵȻһ
ܵŸСҰӺ뿪ˡ


1777 ǰԵ
ȵСҰܵ뿪֮󣬺Ȼ˿ɫֵ࣬ļΪרҵһǧְҵȼһڿʼʼʱѡˣ㷽˵ɱһˣ
ǡ
˻شļˡ
һʵͦģеڵģ磬ڼϣ˲һţǶԷϴǶӣͨ£ͻȷɱ˵ͷ֪ںֶҪȥɱԷ
ݿԸ񱰱޳ܣŻҺ¡
š
յͷ˵ĻǲеĴҰ
˻
ΪⲻǲкκĶǳ˵Ҳ˵ңҲôġǻһǻо񼲲ɱĿкʹ̼ûʲôĶҲûкĶ󣬴ľɱˣǾͱȽ鷳ҪƶһǳƳ̣ԶԣͱȽϼһЩһƳ̾ͿԽˣһƳ̴Ǯҡ
㻹׬Ǯû˵仰͵ýǮ
ˡǮֻ֮ȥԣǮʲô˵Բԣ
ҲҪʲôƳֻ̣Ҫ֪ɱǲɱ
ƳһҪģȻҲǲɱġ
ΪΣ
Ϊймҹ棬ʲô캦֮£ӦȥٸɷֶƲԶ֡ԶȥɱˣǷǸˣȻǲġǹٷ˵ҸΪɱͲమԩ˽ⲻ˽ᣬȱ裬Ըӣú̸̸˵Լǰʵ̫嶯ˡ
ӣҲ˼ң˵þһЩϻҶԣ洦
ιôôͬѽ
˵ˡ
Ŷҳӵѽ
ǡ
ǵշѡ

һĬ漴һ̾ǲףôʲôô
һЦ֮£ܾ⣬ԵֵˣҲ㲻ˣǺβ˳Ӧ⡣
䣬ͻȻƶ
մ˳ֻһͷɴñŮˣѵ𣿲Ƕô뿪˴ˣʼջʹһȥҲڵظġ
ŮӳĬΣ漴ȡñŮףһ֮ӣģƲ䡣
Ůǳ˶档
ȻѾ֪ǵһһ΢΢Щʪ󣬳˹棬Ĵ࣬мζΪŮˡң˶뿪úΪܻź
˶ĿԼü壬Ȼƫһȥ
һعʵ£ҶܹƵΨĹϵȫͷͷؼ㣬ҾͲ㶼û󼸻أûм㣬ֻԻϡʴˣǺǻ治֪Ȼˣһ˳Ȼû뵽ôĪǣҲҡ˵棬ּдż٬ɫ
ɱˡ˶һΪ֪ΪĿģֶεģȻѾ֪ǻڹҿģһ취ҳ׽ԲصϷͻ˶ϡ
˶ϣǰԵһľ
˶㻹ô޳ܡ
Ц㻹ôƯ
˶һۣԸ뺫ո˵ĺջǱȽרҵȻ˵öǷϻ
ʵΪҪǶ𣿡
˶бһƳЦ˵ôСĽ
տЦ˭Ը¶СĽ˵仰÷˼ţʵһǳ£ҡˣʲôڶֻԵҸα
˶һЦûй㣬ܸл㵱ң֪ܹˣѾǷǳˣⷽ棬֮йԼģңҲô޴ʺҪɱڣҲôס
Ҫ֪ҲǸɹµˣǳյĿԣϾô˸źգһʲôʧǽ˸꣬޶ûѡأȥѳ˶棬ʵѾð˺ܴķգ˵Υһǧְҵ
αһءռ֪һȵϣ˼ǡʺҪɱڣ
˶£漴򴽣һ
ֵţ治С㣬ǱҪɱĻҶʮֵģᵣġǶԷǻʺֶҿĺܣķǳ棬δӳģ
˶ЦʺҪɱңһʧĻҶһ鷳ôӦ֪һʧİ취ʲôɣ
ҡҡͷȻҺ˧ܴһ治֪ʲô취ܹһʧֻ֪ıˣ죬ԲǳɹʧܣҶ̹Ȼܡ
˶һĨΣ΢΢һۣܲȥʵں֮ǰʺߵһš
£漴ЦʺǴһͿһʱǲܵóѵġ
˶΢΢ü֪
ЦΪ㲻ͬڱˣ㵱ƾŹ֮˵ģоŮ·ʧ֮󣬻ߵˣǿ϶ǱƵѾʧȥǣĽŮһ£;֪ģǮŮҲ޷㿴Ҿʹδߵ˴⣬椵ʱ򣬶ҲԷߵˡ䵱û˵
˶浹Ҳû䣬ˬǣʲôգ鲻Ըĵͷ˵úܶԡ
յͽƾͼƣŪһѿ֮ƣûʺΪˡȴ룬벻Ů֮Ȼǳ˶ռϷ硣
˶ͷӦ˵Ұʺһڵļƻֻ˵ɵ̾˿¶ھ֮ɫ
ֻǸˣ϶ɱˡյ
˶Ĭ
ЦҲøеھΣһܹΪԼһֿ֣Ҿڷ㣬ģΪҶⷽйоġ
˶ЦҲñҺõȥŶҲǷ㡣
չһЦѽͬӦ໥֣ڶ
˶ҽĿģĲٲǵ£Ҳңֻ֮ȥЩ˺ˣԸ±һװ׵ˡ
ˣҲôģֻһеҰЩɱɱıƣҲˣǻ๲ͬĻ⡣ЦǺǵ
˶濴װͿˣεģ˵ʺҪɱڣҲǺһ㶼ĳޣҲѾˡΪҿˣûʸȥǺκˣңҲɱǡ
һ̫̫࣬ڳޡȨѾľˣˡ
յҲģȻ㶼Ѿ£Ҳ޹һᣬҾôʱ˿ǵĽһҪǰɵĶࡣ
˶һﲻĿ
֪̾˼ҲٽģҲﲻʲôǡҲûбҪ¶ٶķҲδԵ֡
˶һ죬ݺһۣñϣҪ˵öѾ˵ˡǡ
£漴пеʱ򣬳ҲǮ
Ҳ֪˶ǷδӦ𣬾ֱ˳ȥ
ͻȻʲôƵãæ׷˳ȥȵȡ
˶عͷ濴
΢΢ǵ÷ǽߣĪҪҽ


1778 ˾VSǧ
Ȼ˶ˣôȻٶȲǶҪǶͲ

ʺ󣬱ݡ·ĳȥˡ
һսս
׼浽һ̣絶ΪεΪһֱѡ
ͬʱҲк£ȻԸϣ޷ƭԼ
ΪҲŰλǳеϵ˵ܽ𣬾͸Ըһ
ҾóѡͻȻվſȥ
ŮŮ
̳ǰסŮҪȥ
Ҫȥұ¡
С
ѿ˵ƽͣǲʱѾʧȥǣҪȥˣ治֪ᷢʲôȰ˵Ůʱȥ˻Լ澡ʧʲô޷ı䡣
ѵҾ￴űһµȦô
ϵﵱȻ˼Ƿޣǻʵʺǰȥ󳳴֣ܻŪ˾֪ѵôʲô»ǵȵ»˵ɡ
üðΣתصϣȴеһǰδеΣУΪʱû̫õĶԲߣΪûа취ֹζĸӸ顣
ΪԼԼҪ͸޴֡

ԥԥ֮ջ̲סûʹǰȥ̽档
֪ʵǲԵģϾĿǰһĸˣǾ𣬵޷ѹԼеٶ࿴
ǻ˵ڻʹʱ࿴һۣʱȴð´ΥҲҪһ档
źܿЦԣһּ֮Ի
ⲻԣǺվͲһС
¡£
÷ţվԺеΣС춼ϲ£
ǽȷӦϽ¹ū澲μ¡
ȻӦæµū澲μ¡
ݱʵۣȻ¹
񡣡
΢΢һЦֵ޽΢ѲҲ񡣡

桢սսվͷ΢΢š
һȷǳΡ
ŵʤһѵñվ˵ô
æ룬롣
ŵʤҡͷȻȥ
ȵνȥ֮󣬽䡢ȥ
ûŵʤͻȻڽ
عͷһ㵡
ŵʤͱȥˡ
һ㶣ͷǡ

ڣһ£أ쳾ʷǳƣֻعͷڣһ£Цô𣿡
ǡô£ū澵˼Ǳ²£
ǰԲЦˣˣ㺦ޣҲӦģϾɡ
ūվžͺáװΩΩФ
㡪ˣˣɡ
Թ뿪ؽȥɣ
Σ漴ĵͷ
̾ס㣬Ҳûб˼ֻЩ£ʱҲûֻͣ˵㵱뿪ˣֻԽԽ˵ʱȰĵĴһж֮Ի뿪ġ
ū֪ˡ
εˣϵôأ
Ѿˡ
ơ
αϾ˾·еá
ȡɴϵָӡѾȫʧֻǶͷϻһࡣ
ⲻҪοӿͷЩ
װͦΪģɬĽͷȥС¡

һεͻ˼ˣ
ߺ죬ڰףһΣ͸Եýޡ
ɬı飬ȴ綾ҩһγԣΪǰֱ飬Ǹһĸ£ʥַҲβϲһԭ򡣵ʱξһ㣬ǸöãǰŮ˾ͺܺõĻ롣
һֵ޽ǰ˸һ£оǣ޶赸к棬֪ԸΪ޽󡣡
Сװĵͷ
ʵǽʲô裿
£ǽ̤衣
̤衣
εͷֵҲǼˣ
ͷ̫Ե÷ǳ
ʵ㿴ǰߣȴ󻬶貽ʲô
Ǿͽлū֮ŴģҲ׻̨ݳ
ξȵôô뵽ģ
ŶūżȻһЩСЬʮָˣūһʱ𣬾͸һ𻬶ū澵ʱδЬʹ貽
Ь£漴ЦԭˡЬ˿ǶúܣҲδ˭һµ貽Ƿǳ˲ѽܲһ޿
ͷūҪȥһ˫Ь
Цȥɡ
ʱ
ͣ
Ǳ׾ĽŲһʱûסЦλعͷŵָϽ졣
βûйɰˣԣɵҡҡͷ⻬ѧ
ʵѧģֻҪţڼϰܿѧġ
˾֮ǰȻľʴˣ赸ֻ֣ȻѾûеô
ⲻ֪ôҪۣΪװģôĦε⣬ȻٸʵķӦ
ЦǺǵޱȽϱɡ
ū澲˼£ūġ
˵ͺڣֱþ˵꣬ˣ޲˳˵˵ˡ֮⣬ɻб赸޼ʶһ¡
ʶǻһ֣һġ
æ޿Ըһ
ֱҡͷУֻŮĻеһ
Ϊʲô
򡪡ΪŮܲס˵棬ߺ졣
£кڣ֪赸ʲôȴѽǵȷЩ㡣
ʱŵʤ£ʱˣûعȥˡ
΢΢üͷֻɨˣող΢ſһ㣬Ӧóȴ
ū澹ͱ¡
£ô޻ȥô
ū澲ҡ
μԲԣԳѽûм޵ģ޹һңҲһѰ¡˵ֿ棬ûеô¡ðɣ޾ȸˣʶһ赸
ūū澹
˵һΡ
βɵùЦ
Ҳ̲סһЦ
һЦǰ
ǰǲӵЦݵġ
βȻĶһһĨ΢Цġ


1779 ˾ԲǴ
һߣǽ伱ææڣŸϣô
΢΢һۣͻȻЦһ
ʲô˼
ûʲôֻǾЩЦˡҡҡͷֵģһжеķǳ˳


ô֪ȥأ
θոսݣͼڣĿŵĺ飬ʱһɨաʺδϢѽ
¶棬˯ðƺδش檵⣿
ȥҪʺ㱨ɡ
һĨŭΪµӣһɷȥأѵҲд
û˵ˣֻ޽ˣʲô˵ɡ
ε׻Щ飬ȷʵĲԡ
ˣš̫ˡ
޿̵檿ɡ
üͷһʺעԼУ޿һ֮
㻹Ҷ죿ʵ̲סˣŭ»֪Լһ֮ĸһ֮ҹܡ
Ҳŭˣðɵȥ쳾ˣΣ޲ȥ貽£˵ף¶㣬㵱ҲŽȥѯʡ
εĿڲҲǴġ
ŭЦ貽Ҫѯʣβѯʣ͵͵ȥô
ε޵Ҳ빬ѯʣ޸ֵʹȮҳ˶Цޡ
ҳ
ŭίһӣվ£˵檣ɶΪ룬ʲô쳾棬Ƿ޵ģǳµ߸ʬ˭˵߸ʬ
ǣҲ˭ǹģ㡣ǲǣѵ㲻ôЦһѾ϶쳾棬Ϊ˳񣬾ûһģȴԽ쳾ӴԽú쳾϶棬ԽԽָ˵ڵٰģ޷š
öˣŵ㡪˵ô
Ҳͷ㿴ģ뵱ֱһģһô
⻰̫ˡ
еˮ鲻Խ
ͻȻҲ⻰ЩףЦǣǴڶھΣǾ⻰淴ƽΪѾڹУ˵̫ˣټϺ쳾ĳ֣ھΣֵ޽Щˣʲô£˵
˵ţֳ溰ѽͻʺȥϢ
ŵʤսս˽ֻǿҴɲҲϽȥǲ
һΣĨȥϵᣬ˳ȥ
βĿһ̾ƣ̬ɡ

ݡ
峿һսڣϵԪĵۣľɫֻģãǷǳϲһ̡
ȻߵĺȴΪӱܴ۵⣬ﹰ˹ͷ˶˫ϣһܵı飬ԪĵֺЦιˡ
պϢٶ˯һᣬҾϲ㱧˯
ղûзſôߣֽŲãýġ
ԪĵεĿЦš

Ȼһ
찡
ʶֱסˣֹʲôôһСӡ

溫һߴţһߴ
Ԫĵ㻹
˯һᡣֳ⺰Ҫ˯һȥ档
УӦ㣬Ҫȥժӣ㲻ܲţʥԻ
õõãʥԻ𻹲ô¾һЩûõĶ
˫Լһӳʵ͡壬˯΢΢ſ¶һ϶Ǵޣ̶溰ӣõ˯һСȥԻ
ô
ģġ
ǺãһΪôɲܷڡ
ڡ
ԪĵѾӦƴǺѹסЦŮⶼѪͱˣӲ
ʱ󡭡
պСԪĵ߳ĵϵĺ쳱δȥʢĵ


¥ݼСޣЦĳǺ
֣ͻȻɫһعͷȥ
ԪĵջݺһۣȻ¥ȥ˳㻹˺
ɵ˵㻰Ŷ
ǴյǰЦ
Сӣ
һѱһСһ¥ȥ
¥£¡ѩԺУЦĿǴ˳
ƣ
Ժڣ̴ӺһСƹȥ
СƹҲæǰʹҡβͣ§СƹĲ͵͵ҪȥԺóԵġ
¼ڸˣûע⵽ߣǳźЦҿ¥ýһ㡣
£˻
µǾͲҸѩˡ˵Ц
ѩҲڴֱЦ
Ԫĵߺ죬ұˣտɾֵˡ
ոϽ˵ǣģĶһҪա
㻹˵
ԪĵһžͲںյĽűϡ
ϣ
յҽ
¸ϽǰһסԪĵۣЦĵ㣬ǿɲڧڧ⡣
ԪĵֻһЦ
ͻȻûУǿˡ˵ʱ䣬еСӡ
յɣɡ
շǳϲҵĸо趨ļͥգһգҪ֯һЩ˶òμӣ
յļͥվȥ÷Ĺժӡ

Ϧ£ͺһСӣǣ֣ҡСԴźսǵСֵڻؼҵ·ϡ
λٸվҲţҡӡ
һһӣһּһЩ;ߣƵС
ûа취֮࣬ǱҪܵġ
صԺڣ򡢺СȥǵСȥˡս£ȻҸ͵ˮȥ
µɫɲˡ
ɽķĹǰոսˮϣ̷˹еһ񣬵
ʵʲôϢ𣿡
ȻϣСּһļҲ׷׳ʣݹٸѾˣ˶Ѿӹеʣ붼ѡ½ϣһЩȥɽڼ䣬͢ģչ⣬帮ѾٸϸƿԭļҶڰյ˽ӪΣԹܿأ׼صء
帮ѿֵ͢һͽô๤ˣʲôΪҸ˷Ǯ

Цŵͷ̷ʵǱ߽չΣ
̷Ѿǵ͵Ҳ뵱صĵϵˡ
ʵΣ
̷չķǳ˳Щǳ̰ĿǳμѾǣǳɹۣǸֳɣǶûôԥ̴Ӧ
ЦǺǵףѽõԸңҾ֮֮ŶǱȽϹؼʱں߼һҪκãĪҪöԷ֣Ļǽ׼ɴͣһͣǧܴݾߡ
̷ͷ֪ˡ
ֵڴ֮󣬳͢һϻѰ˽εԴأʱνˣһ֣͵ϴܣôĺڱϣȡ֮ߵģΪؼġΣҶģһˣҿɵ𡣡


1780 èҲзʱ

һլԺڣ͸£ֻӰнƶš
洫һϡ
漴˵ǸǸûв㣿
Ŷūû¡
ͦģ˶ãͲôš
ʵū澽̹Уõġ
ô
š
ֵ£Ϣһɡ
ҲãҲá
ٰĺ쳾ζԣǱǶҩһʼ͸ûͣ
Դǻ潻̸ξͿʼܣһ˾ʲôŮܲףڻʵ۶ԣͲ⣬Ȼľʽ赸
ò˵赸̫ˣ
̫ϲˣΪ赸ö֮׽׽ҷǳȻЩʱԼú𾢡
Ǻǣ쳾赸Ƿǳһ޶оࡣ
һĨźһ޾ڵ
ɬЦ¹ˡ
Խϲ棬ˣԸᣬһƽ⣬һ𣬷ǳͻȻ޿ͽĸǳ
£ͷū澸һֱΪҪʤĸŮ
𣿡
Ц޻Ϊ
ֹȴΪʲô
ε˵ˣɲ׼
ūµ
ʵҲġΰһ䣬ֵǰ˵ڸ˵Ĺ£¼Ů˶ǱЩĸ·ģϾĸŮϲˣ뽭ģټ
æˣʵ̲δū澣ˣ̻ū֪ʶȻȣū澲ŵϸ˵ģū澷ǳϲڵ
βΪΣһֱΪûĸŮϲˣ
ҲЩ˻ô룬ǲһе˶ôġ
εģ
Ϊ֡
֣
ѽΪֺ赸ܹǴȥֺͻЦū澺Сʱū澵ĸĸڣʱū澷ǳ֣ÿ춼ǡǺΪңеһеһжˣūڸĸĹУ̫ʹ֮УūԼҲˣʱū澶ôϣܹصǰʱʼūΪûʲôȿֺͻЦҪģʴūϣԽֺ赸ǴȥֺͻЦÿų̄ݳʱǿĵЦݣū澾ͺ㡣
һǿǺԴڵģĿľҪǱݣһҵľ磬ζ
Ȼִ̱ˣΪߵŮǸǺݽɫûһ쳾ӵдϾ飬ǰ棬ҲƲ磬ֻǰȽϴѣΪȱģ̾ôһ˵ǲѽ
æ£ūûйµ˼ū澡
š
ΰڰ֣ʵһ£ޱҪ䲻赲ǵعٸȫԮصİգҲͲó˶лɳˡΪ°յľɴ˴ѣˮ֮У޶Ѵ̣Ҳٷ¡
룬ǰ֮
ԳЦ˴ܵҵĿ佱ֻҲֻ
桰һ漴򴽣ƴıסЦ⡣
μ飬ǵЦЦˣ޲ģ㲻Ҳ˵ˣЦΪܿɹġ
ո̲סڴЦ
μЦˣǿģЦ
ЦƬ̣Ȼһתҧ촽£ūһʣֲ֪ʣ
ϣ󰡣æ˵
ӵū澺ʱܳȥ
㶣ôؽȥ
ū澡ųֻ̄
΢΢ü
£ǲУǾ͵ūû˵
һ棬˶˽ȻĴ治̨ȥұݡּįʮֲ̣ȡᰡ
̨ϱݵĺ쳾֪Ǹ쳾ĺ쳾ԸţǾ棬Ǻ쳾
ϲǺ쳾ܽ쳾ı档
ðɣ޴Ӧ㡣λǵͷӦ
澪ϲ桪ôū澿ط̨
εͷ
л£л¡
οϲõɫʱֵõġ
£ʱˣûȥˡ
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ԽԽŵʤˣҲ˼ҹѽϾһֱֵĶţͻȻޣҲ̫ãǳִĸоĿ棬Ȼˡ
լԺŵʤԸѾӦ쳾ػ¥ݳ޲ϣܵһ˿˺
ŵʤС֪ôˡ
סˣһ˿˺УĻҪͷءٶһߣϵ
صУһ̫ŵʤСֹ˼䡣ŵʤͷߣС£ˡ
üͷһ壬д
Ҳ֪ڵȻİ֣Ҳȷʵûа취Щ죬ǱܣǻȲһμ棬ͳòɿ֪ôȥɲУҵ⣬Ͻڸæ
ա
ϳμ¡
ǰеһ
Цʱģ
ϳյġ
֪ϵк
£񳤰ʩ෽涼ҪǱسȥ
һۣЦǻʺô˵İɡ
һ㶣Ҳ֪ȥΪΣΪ£ʺҲΪ룬ϳδǺ쳾ӣжϣϳΪǺ쳾ǲϣ¶ӦӴǵĻһģ롣ǵĻֻһĸˣһ֮ȥ°նЦµġ
һﲻվߵǰ
ڿ˹Īֻǳ¡
ʰ䣬޵ĳӣǻʺĳӣ
򵥵һ仰ŵ˫һûйڵϣϳڱµģؿɼؿɼ
𣿡ЦЦ޽͢и䣬ȴʺһ仰¹
ԩԩϳֻǵı£ģһҪϳڴ죬޲øιˡ
ϼһƬ̣ͻȻһЦڣЦ޵ģǳףҲҪģ޿ɲǵȻġ
ǣϳ֪ˣϳ֪ˡɪɪ


1781 ֮
βƽʱһֲŭƣƽʱǺƽ׽˵ģȥ޺ٸȥҲͦһʵۡڡ帮Ǿǰ£òɿڵ涥ײΣζ̡
ǹƾһ㣬ɲ˵һĻʵۣһĻʵۣ䣬Ҫ֪ڷĹУֻһıʿѣβͳ˧γеһеѹ
ɼƽʱܹߴߴᣬֻΪǲûдεĺ棬ǣһεĺ棬ξͻףʵڻȨһ֪ġ
뵱һθ쳾˵˽˵ĸǹҴ£ϲ˼ҸԤ˽£Ϊǰһֱ˸Ԥ˹ܽšɲٱκ˹̣ܽҲΪʲôɽȨ࣬ǴĿǰû⣬Ҳû˵Ҫú쳾빬ҪھͿʼˣҪǻ졣
ʴһֱѹסڣǳȷĸǣЩһɱôߣҪҪ潫Ҹŭˣ˭Ҳǵġ
ƽʱŰ裬˭Ҳ𣬵εһ仰ͽĵˡ
˭óӣ
޷ǾǰʾڣĽһУǶҸģɲǻʺ󣬼Ȼҿλ˳ҾͿȥֵأһûô
һҲԿĻȨѾȫѹסࡣ
ڳôһ󺹳ã˶ȥ
ΪϳӵķϣԽʵۼ䣬֪˵һ仰ξָⲦţûȥȥĻûˡ
ϽȥεĻ֪
һ㵵ݡµô˵ģ
ڵͷʺ󣬿ϳһ֮»ת⣬ʺβ帮Ƕһʩѹ
֪¾Ʋܳͷǹͷ񣬸Ͻ帮ͷ񣬷ڷǳͣ˵Ҹθ档
ƺδ·ʧһһǰδеĿ־塣
һҲھѾˣһҲҸġ
ɴ˿ɼζǶôҲεĸȴ涼ö˵Ψ쳾Ƕҷϻ
ĳ൱ģⲻ棬Ҫ棬ǻһҲ޷Ǹ飬һûˣҪȥ
ڿɴδɫʺ󣬻ʺ󡣡
΢΢һڣɫһʱȲҪôҿ˵ɡ
ʵ˼帮æúܣпչԤʵ۵ļ£帮ڽһӴĹӪƣ帮ĿļȷҪŪգҽոŪǾôУҶ㵽ף˵ˣоʣһˡ
帮Ŭ£Ƿǳ֮죬ڳ͢ξƶѾʼΪؼǣ۸һ㶼ûǣûǣ͢׬Ҳ˶һЩΪ˻ý˰գӪľͲҪǳһվͺ¼۸̫ߣξƿıƷ
ˣ帮ڷֹʳɾƣƾҪƾҪȴӹٸ׼֤Ҹݸʳ涨ؾĲ涨Ĳͱɷǳ߰˰ա
һǷǳģΪǷǳȷģ˵ףʳǸûʳʲô̸͢ȰũɣǱ߹ƣⲻ̫ʰɡ
帮ҲֻǸݸʳĲƾڰģɲ˵ģƵһ㶼˻ߵΪŴʳԼֳԲ꣬ô󻯣ɶƣǽʳɾƣû㹻ʳͺˡ
ôһƻϾͻᱻ͢¢ϣЩ¥ҲɵӪľƺ˽ӪľƼ۸࣬Ҳ͢ģȥģҽôȥﲻ룬Ҳ͢ľƣһ˻еġ
վƷĳֱӽ˳ɣϿ˰ķΧ֮⣬ңҲֻӦ¥ԼµĲҵñ˵Ժһ¥Ѿó͢ľƣȻҲ룬Ҳûа취ܲ͢ġ
帮̣治һеģⶼģ͢Ҫ¢ϣͲҪȥȨȥѹˣֻҪһߣտʼļ۸΢һ㣬˾͵ùţȵ˹ţǾʹﵽ¢ϵĿģʱ۸񲻾ǳ͢˵ô
ǲôǷǳɹģȥ˲ٵ롣
ʦһ帮ɵĽУûǲ߶ϣҲԼŵԣ룬Ǿ֧ɣϾǴҹͬŬ
ȫҲ½½ʼִ
帮ڳǷˮ˶Ϊ帮Ǹаһؽѵ˼ԡ
⹷ôĵ˳ʺ
һʼ
÷ӡ
ΪʲôԼ
ͷɴñĳ˶ӱߣһԵĺյʵ
Ϊ㲻Լҡշǳʵ˵
˶浱Զԡ
̾˿ʵΪҵĳǾʧȥģһпգҾͻҵĳǣΨһļ֤ߣʴڣо϶һ
˶΢΢һ㶣תߡ
ȵȵȡ
ռæסЦҲǿЦ㷸ôôһĬжûС
˶ΪⲢЦ
⵹ҲǣǰҾ˵һЩ̫ЦЦεʼ磬ɫ治㣬ҲǵһÿһЩѣֻãʱҶߵġ
˶ΪΣ
յΪһΪΣյʱ̣ÿ£Ҿͻǰ㲻ʲô
˶ѵмǴλΣգ
յͷǵȻģΪǴζҵļƻУֻû뵽ȻĻҾӵóȥǴ⣬ﲢ¡ϣҸһ׹ˮУȫûκΰգҲǷǳ־ġ
˶ЦҪеҡ
ҡҡͷҪеҲǣʱֻһǻʵۣǽһŪôңÿᵽҶй٣ҳ֮ʴԶġ
һ˫˵ó˶Ʈһ˿ΣͷñҲŲٽӽȥ
ЦһˮģҪһأҷǳ㡣
˶ЦôȻ֪ڰָʲôҲãǻδֳʤǿһ˶ϡ

մЦ漴ߵ㵱ɵѽᣬȻûһְٰǵλǷĻһףù⣬һƴǷôٸףҲŲϵġ
վûз˭
˶ǰһɲ㡣
ιιιҿЦѣ㲻İɡ
䣬ͻȻһѱס˶棬ȥ
һˮĽ


1782 ֻԸҸ
Գ˶֣ͨ£ǺѵֵģǺյĻʵ̫Ϭˣ˶ѹû뵽ջôһʱˣһ㷴ĶûС
ʲôѽ
˵õĿЦأ
һǧĻţͻĸҲ
ûһֻ˶ˮ棬һñѾˮߣһͷŨںڵ㷢棬Ưˮϣһ׵ӣˮ飬촽΢΢ſоȻ֪ΪʲôҪô֪Լϵˡ
ûһֻһ׳ڳ˶ǰ
˶濴ʹ򲻴һŭĿ򣬡㡪
ŸոſͱһŻȵ˫סˡ
磡ܷ񰴳ƣ
˶˫һз̫ͻȻҲԷӦĹ
Ƭ̣Ȼѹ֪Լռˣ
ǺȴסǿţҲɿڡ
˶߳ŭźȥȭߣҲ·ԵñȽϻҡ
ڰϵĻֻʮҲǳ˶Ķ֣ˮ˶书ˮԷ棬ҪԶԶǿ˳Ҳ൱ϻѾ֤һ㣬ʱУʱֳˮ棬һĻǶ˶ԣʵϤˡ
úðΣ˵Щ֧Ǻյ־ǳǿŲɿڡ
˶ǳûˣΪټȥ˵Σգϻزͬǣһǲ־һɣŽߵףʱ䣬䣬ʱ뵽뺫뵽ʱΪԼ¹Ȼġ
еÿת۵㣬ƺ뺫еĹϵ·վеһ֡
ţʣ
ɾڴʱȴɿҲ⡣
Ȼ˶§סյĲȥ
ӵһ
ʵϻس˶뿪֮󣬺ǷǳûڣܻźģԼһΣ˶棬˵ʲôҲٷ֡
ǶѾ֪˴˵⣬ΪԭǶڶʵ

ʱ֮
ϣˡжѽʱôһҲѽ
ڸһСУճһë̺ڻԱߣһߺ·һؿڣʹš
ԻһλŮˣʪĳɢ͸źΣȻҲһë̺δ纫һ·£Ѿʪ͸ѽϣ֣Ƿ顢µ͹Ե쾡£ģĲƱ˻ҪԸС
㻹˵
˶ߺ죬ŭ
ղĿų˶棬Ϊĺٿ˶¶Ů̬㡪Ҳж
û꣡
˶ֱһȭȥ

һȭȲ󣬵Ǵúȴ۴С
˶򴽺ߵã
ί˵㳤úÿҲô
˶С
˵ѿأ
ҲС
˼ұ쿩
ǡ

ίĿ۳˶棬Ŵ
˶ʱָĺƵãͷۣȿɳѽҧгݵǲͼƻõģ
Ȼǡ̵
ǵĻɽΪʲôмܺõĻѣۡиɾ·

ôô
˭˭˵ˣ
հһֽ˶ⶼƵģҾҪ¾Σô
˶ֻһ£Ҳţ޳Сˡ
УҴûзϹһ㡣νʼ磬ֵҪôĻֻǻöתתü꣬ȴϣܹҸֵĻš
˶ɫһȴ⻰ЩŮɣҿɲһס
պߵҲ߯ƲңЩŮôֻ¶¶ˣ춼Ҫš
˶һۣ޳ܣϵñ˭죬ӦǾ仰˲Ҫ޵Ҳ
ͻȻһ̾Ȼ˵Ļԣ仰ȷʵԷθԴʶܸоһֱһصļÿο㣬÷ǳࡣһֱ֪жһֻһĳ˶档
˶΢΢һɫȻںյļϣһȴԶ޷ж¡
ҡҡͷӦô˵һԶڣܵڣǣòж¡ǰһֱһˣû˰ֵңȻͬˣԽϵļҡ
˶ͻȻĿźգˮ鲻Խ
СΪᣬ췴Ȼģ˵ǳ伲࣬Ǵδ˰ֵǱ񾭣ҧڻţкܶأ˾һ˰ˣԴʧ֮ӲΣգΪһֽѣʴ˺յһ仰Ǹж֡
Ĩȥϵ飬ЦһжҰɣǷµծһȥģֻҪҸĿֵĻţһͨŮˡģһϿԵóޱȣǷϣȴëΪҼѾ̫̫Ķټ⸱Ҳ㲻ʲô
˶ӺհΣȻ˫Ŀϣ˼ͷĿĵЦݡ
տϿĵЦݣֻѾһԸ鲻Խٽӵ뻳С
ʱ˿̵ĳ˶ľѾ˷츲صĸı䣬ֻһǰδеİȫаΧԼޱȵʣĻƣӿ̬֪Уںջ˯ȥ
Դδ˯һȾʱʱ̶̿÷ţڷһУΪ֪һ˻ᱣʴ˯Ƿǳ
ʱ춼Ѿˡ
ѽҾ˯ôá
˶һȣԼţּЦĿҲҡ
СŮ˵̬Ǿɡ
ûҶ˺üأ˯øһôҲвѣҲҡ
㡪
˶ͨ죬εĲˡ
չһЦֽ˶§ڻҿɲɵܹ㣬ǶĿ֣ҸҪ㡣
˶һߣŲһӣԼɵĸһЩһͻȻգʵҿ԰ֵһЩ
ЦҷֵֻҪҸĻţǾǸĪ֧֣Ҿһж壬ҲǶĿ϶£һƽġȵʱ֮ٽܸǡ
У
˶ȻⲻУҡ
ЧչϵΪǱģһ𣬶ż棬㽫ýͥ˵ҶԴǳڴΪĵһܹΪͥ໶Ц
˶ҡ
ЦֻҪƤ㣬һж⡣
˶ŭҲûƤ
ǵҲǡ˼ĵͷֵģһȵһʵʱʲôġ
˶滹Щ鲻
һպЩʵǻȥɡʱҲˣ
˶һʶѽ
յҿû׼ʳѵô
û뵽˶һ˯ڣֻ׼·û׼ʳҵҪɽҹ
˶˸˼£Ÿո鵽ĸоĻֻյĶ磬ǳⶴҪˣ治̾뿪ǷǶȫͲá
ɫ죬̷ӦͻȻתͷǽײȥһȻȥ
ʲô
˶ʧɫæǰźա
ʹˣֻ½ҹˡ
˶ͷһҳûУֱ֪˸ƭˣԭոոס˶ͷ
ƭӣ
˶ŭһ䣬˫ֱ뽫ƭӸƿȴץһţ͵һԼϣ˶淴Ӧ촽һ£ЦղԭܹԵġ


1783 
ɲһôȻҲˮɣȻĻҲûɶ¿ɸɡ
˶οɲ£͸һŨŨķϣǳңȻǿ顢Ʈ˻ζ
ҿ˵ǳλ飬ȴͷһȫȫⶴĸо֮Ǵ͸ϡ
˵
˵˵
ڻ£һŮӣһűë̺һ罺ᣬࡣ
벻һӵпֺҸ
˶ǰĻѣҲ֪Ǹ˵ġ
Цһ̿ʼÿʱÿ̶ҸͿ֮УǰʧȥģͳͳЩծΣͳͳҡ
˶б񾱣źգʵ㽫һжϣô
˵һ㶼ۡҡҡͷ̾ʱҳԹ죬Ϊζ˵ĲҲκαԹҾٱԹĻĻġΪܹӵǣѾĪˣټֻ࣬Ҫ뵽ǣҾ;ӦóܵģٸҶĥѣҶЦȥԡԣֻҪҸ֣Ҿ;һжֵˡ
˵΢΢ͷŻǽεĺ촽鲻Խȥֱǵ˶Ϣݣϰݡ
˶潿ߵİһۡ
һЦֵѾˣúԼʲôȴûлġ
˶ǹ΢ЦһҲѾԸԳ
һ㶣Цԭˡ
˭ˣǲҪ˶һ漴ĵҵҲһŮˣǳΪᣬƵۣʵ룬ҲûĸŮ˻Щ£ҲŮһ㣬޵һ˼ңӵԭѾԴģΪˣܹţѾˣĶ
ӣ
˼ĵͷˡ
˶ǰһʶһץסֵĴ֣ʲô
ӿԽ̡
ٶҡҷ


ŮǺ쳾ľ棿
Щɻ
Ϊ˵
ϵѵû˵ôպ쳾ڻ¥̨ݳ
£Ⱦ͸˵ġ
ϲΪΣ
ҵˣǼ˼ڻ¥ʲô£Ҷܹ֪㻨§׼̨Ҳ¥̨ݳ
ƵĻѾ£ڼ춼ȥûбҪٵ̨ݳ
ﵱһһǼˣⲻдģȻҲǼΪʲôô֪ʲôΪԻ¡
ȻɫȻϾĸף֪ʱļ٣ҲżϣܹﵽҲûʲôܺõİ취
Ҫ˵ģҲ˵ڸרű棬лᣬһ£֪϶ɵãһմŭûԤƵġ
޷ţǺ쳾棬Ҳֹȥ棬ϾǻʵۣһҪȥǾ˭Ҳ赲ˣȥԤǷ޶˱ضһǰѾˣǷ޿˵ս֮Уƽʱġ
ᵽ浱ʹ࣬ʱʹǣһֱûа

ҹǶ
翪ʼ¥Ѿϯ˶Ρ
Ϊδ¶ĺ쳾Ҫڽҹ̨ݳǼĵʱ̰
ʵЩ죬춼¥ѯʣ쳾Ӻʱ̨ݳ
ϾƱޣ˶δʶӱ赸ֻǵ;˵ִ񣬹ʴ˶ʶһ£ʽ赸к֮Ϊʲô˶ֵ
ϧԴ֮󣬺쳾ʧһ㣬涼¶¥˵˵쳾ۻӣڼҾ
Ҳֻܾĵȴ
첻ˣǰջ¥ʾ쳾ӽڽյ̨ݳ
¥ɲǷ¥ûʲôһǮĻҹĿˣǻ϶ĴԹ󣬶ҶǶģһ˾ſڶվˡ
ռרֻǰСĿůůΪ뱻Ҫ֪ЩΪ˿쳾ġ
ȵʱ¥׷ˣ
վ̨һµЩ竹ӸǾѾ֮Уȫںôķ˿
벻Ϊԡ
¥ϵżڣеǳȡ
˵Ҳֻһ˶ѡ
ʵԴӴԺĳ֣˵ĵλһЩߵġ
УҶǼģҾó˳֮⣬ûаơ
ҲҲǴе֪µģʵ֪ׯԴкο
£Ц˱¼£ʲô
źҲô˵ǵĻǵ޹أǵĻͲ룬ҽѲ˸ϵ
ԣü
ܼ򵥣Ļ϶ģھͲ˵Ȼûô룬ΪΪĵߣҲõ˲ٺôȻ֧ġ
ʵ۵ļ£һ´¡
˵䣬ͣȵ¥ǫ̈̄ϵĺ쳾ͻȻֶҲʼ֣һ̤裬ıڡ֡
Ǵ񫣬Ǿʶһ̤衣
ʱǲô࣬õѾν׶ݶ챻ˡ
ֳ̨ҲǰδйģʽȻݶǶרǲȫ棬޷ϵĺܺã壬СܵĻѬգ츳;ˣֻδôչʾƽѧչֵ쾡£ֶӾûͣһһҲ񫡣
Щûа׵Ȱ
һʱܿ͹ȥˡ
һߣǣҾϹʱȫȫơ
õһڣһ˿̨ϵ棬Ц֡ˣˡ
Ρ
ˣҲ֪ǶڣʵҲ֪ʵڣǶ֪
Ϊֻһ˾ĹͣΪѾһֽΪԼŮ˵ĸоԸһƷͷ㣬ͺһȥǹҲֻ֪ܵ
ĸ˲ͬǣ˿˱ݣǶǴаģҲΪʲôαȽϿ̨ݳǴʱ˿̣Ӵҵܵ𾴡
ɼҶǳĸ赸֮Уģټһֱ˭Ҳ֪ʲô
ԣΪұʱܹأһ໥ġ

£ǵûȥˣ˺̫ܶ࣬㡣
ŵʤС˵
üٵһɡ
ȥ棬һеϲá
ŵʤӲƤͷ£ʱ治ˣǳٳδ飬ʺҲᵣĵġ
⻰˵þͷǳ˵ģʵΣҲ̫һ㣬ʺͲԸ㻹ôȥǻʺֻᷢ쭡
úƣԥƬ̣̾˿ȥɣȥɡ
ҲﳳܣϾҲûٸԤ棬Ҳһ㣬Ҫ̫ˣҲ̫ãϾǻʺ
ǵڶһ磬ξȲĳҪȥ棬Ǻ쳾
ŸոճһС̫ŵʤߣСֹ˼䡣
ŵʤεԣ£쳾һͳլԺ
νŵȥأ
ŵʤ˵ȥˡ
ȥʲô
СҲ
ȥɡ
͸һ˿档
Ϊɺܶ˱棬жָơ
һָ£һȽƶСׯ
£쿴쳾ӣ
ŵʤͻȻ˵
ƿĿȥԶһȺˣڸصİշַһЩ·ʳЩߵߣ䡣
һЩСڿյˣǴЦ
£ǹȥ𣿡
ŵʤʵ
΢һˣǱȥǡ
ŵʤǻȥ
ֻ΢΢һۣŵʤᣬ㲻ٶԡ
֮ԲȥΪһǳĻȥǿ֡гķΧֻԶԶؿţ񽥽Щԡ


1784 Ѿ
ȻҲǺƵģǰ滹ûְģԽûеģվԽҪӵ쳾ϣҪ쳾ϵʹ淢ӵ¡
ȻһǶΪԻסΣܷԻסѹûΪ֪ź쳾棬Ҳ̺쳾ϣ˸νƭֻһǾΣԣݺյƣһҪ£ܹҿɴ
򣬱ɡ
ȻƷǳ׼ȷεȷ쳾ԽԣȻΪȥӽ쳾ģģǺ쳾ϵĴ桢
ϣ쳾浽ʲôزȫʲôȨƸŮˡ
Ϊһ΢һŮˣһĻʵۣӹɵģĻǾͲֵǮˣòԶõģǶڻʵ۶ԣΪʵҪõŮˣʵ̫򵥲ˡ㲻ôǾͺܼˣΨһĿܣѹͲֻ˴ȥ֣ϲ֣赸ޣûôӡ
ҪһǷǳѵģնʲôزһҪԳơū澡档
Ϊʡܹ˫ݸͬʱҲʾԼһ֪󡣬ǳԲϣҲѹû
ֻθеԣ˵ݲȽϴ󣬵ڰϣƽȵģΪҲûмأζԣǷǳܿɹġ
ѽ¡ū澲μ¡
Ѿ׼ȥ棬šͻȻΣһĨϲ漴־֣£ū澡ūǲǸ鷳أ
Ըо濴Լ־ϲɫһϸڣ;òУʵΪ˵
ĿΣ˵ǵĻΪʲô
ҲӦ漴Цˣ޿ɫҲߣ˵Щ棬͹
ԭˡ
˿ʵ˶أ
εһֻÿģûйȥǡ
ͦ˼ñ¼Цˡ
ôأ̵˵޷żЩСˣǷǳж˵ǰ;ȼһЩ񡣡
ɴϲһЩū澣ūҲòô࣬Ǿ͸ĴūҲֻǽ軨׷ˡ
軨׷𡣡Цŵͷ˵ףǲѽѵãѵã˵ţͻȻʵ˵кܶ
ɬĵ˵ͷ
ɫЩΣǴˣ˾ҲʧʱѽʵһЩʲôˣ
͸һ⣬Ҷû뵽Щ˵͸ȵˣд
֧᲻

ʵ˵ô
ǡֻ̫࣬ūҲǼǲס˵棬һΣСūԴҶū澵Ĺġ
һ㶼ԣ
￪ѽǲסǲͻȻ뵽˭֪ĴڣŮӺѽⲻܲһ㣬ɵһ๫Ӹ׷ɡ
ҡҡͷū澲֪ڰū澴Щ£ūһĸˣ䲻Щӡ
ɵһ룬öһҵԧףʵǲ֪ӡ
һ죬ûС
μȸˣʧ䣬˵ûϲĶ󣬿ʧǣȻûУ϶ҲСҲûνǱϾǻʵֻۣһĸˣ⣬Ҳ˵ԼʵۣⲻԴвôлģǰûûȨȥŪ֡
ͻȻֵū澵ͦĽһˡ
һʵ˭
֣ҵĴӡ
֣Ҵӣ
һ£֣У
ͷ
κΪĽ
Ŷһū֣֮ӵ¼֣ӱǳ壬ȴ̣־ڰˣҲƾһ֮˲ˣū澽֮£֣Ӷԣө£ֵһᡣ
úǳζÿ֣Ѿɻ飬ȻһŪ
֣У񲻵Ϊ֮ģǹû
еȷҴһλѵõĺ֮㣬ŻƷ£ͬУҲܹ֮ȡΪһ˾ǷǳΥĿ֣һһתֵ޿֮٣ģ֣еĲƸΪƲ
ϲôΪūҲø֣һá
ЦŵͷȻ֮£ؼǷĴģС֮֡
һתū澵ôΪūΪС֮֡
Ŷһ˻
ū֮£СҲ֮˴Ҳ󡣡
Ժǿģȴڹάްɣ
һĨ֮ɫūֻͶұ
һ㶣ЦȻе㿪Ц˼ǳģΪøľ٣ǱϹϾľû˼ˡ
ҲڴЦ
һԵŵʤֻҪ쳾һ𣬱ɷĲѣ˲٣ǣϾɻһʺҪ潫쳾ŪȥǾգЩų㣬Ȼù
ﶺСգֱŵʤ٣
ʤѽ
Сڡ
˵
ǡ
ŵʤæϵʵкηԸ
ʵ˵Ҫͺ쳾ʲôǺã
ŵʤһ̫࣬й飬̫ͷͷƽʱ֮£ʣһ׼û
ŵʤ￩һ£ִˣѯʣò˼˺ðΣ²˵쳾ϲôǱºβ
˵꣬α˷ܵξû뵽ָŵʤ
ŵʤζӳ¡

һ̵ڣȴǽȻͬա
ѾǳˡԼŵʤһҲһֱڰй۲죬̱еĿҪ˳Ķࡣ
΢˫Ŀü価ƣ̬֮ɫ̲ġšһ
˸ûȤҲٶʡ
ͻȻʵ㶫ţ
£漴ûС
ʵûнߵ´Ÿ
ûзԸѾŸҲǺ
ü΢΢һ壬Ҳûʡ


ڸʲô
ﳯһʵ
ȻЩ춼ûмΣǹб鲼ĶĿεһһָơ
ʺ󣬱»֮󣬾һЩʦȥ
ʦ
ô
ûУоһЩ
һıñ䣬ôô벻ڸʲôδδΪôĹҲЩ鱦Ϊдһʫ
˱ѽ
ҪѰ˼ңֺǱϷߣǻʵۣݣҲһ˫н
ɼ̫ҲδǺ£ͿһŮˣҲ벻ε⡣


1785 Һͷ
ڼͥ棬տҪҸö࣬ΪһʺˣȢŮħͷ¡
Ƿ̡
ʱԣŪôڴǴϣǷǳýˣңҪʤԼһΪҪΪʲôӦԪĵѩţһҪԭ򣬾Ϊ֪յĳżĲ㣬ԪҺҵ֧֣ںĪİ
ʵҲˣûԪҺҵ֧֣վûôɡ
ĺܶƻԪҺƶ˵ϽƻûԪңöĹ򣬶ҼγУҲԪҵԱ
ȻյֶҲθĶ࣬Ⱥչ׷Լ룬Լҵ춼ڼܻìܵģܻദôǢ춼湤϶Ҳĵºϲõ£ⶼҪ˷صһֵΪԣÿĸ˶̨ģҶʱ̡
Σ׷һͥǶһˣü˵ĸȥȡ޵ĸǿ޵ĸĻֻһһޣƴȢҲػҵİԾͱȽϴ󣬵ȻĲľһңǼ򵥵һݰ顣
Ů˼ԶȽϳ죬˶ڣСŮһʹ󳳴ֵģûǫãȻŮ緶ǴҶԼ
⣬ڴͥˣǷǳ˵Ҫ˶ܸǣõȴһʱ˶浱ȻҲҪЩΪҲѾǳ֪㣬ѾƷһŮӦеҸͿ֣Ϊضǹ¶ϣˣҲںˣΨк
˶ദ֮󣬺ֻص÷塣
ºʲôΪյӣȻ֪ʵһЩ£ԪĵҲ֪ģǺղ˵ҲʣΪԺĿǰݺ͵λǺġ


ںԣСһָ
ȷ
պɵ
Ƶźһ¡
һۣ۶ĺֻụ̈һûκα飬ȫܺĸţԪĵ
ðɣһء
һӡ
ܿһӡ
նʱ˫Ŀһ͹ȻתͷƵ˵⹷ͷʦͱϹ˵
գգۣͻȻڵһߣЦ㣬ϵˡ
ۺһЦ
ۡ
ָźö˵
ź˵ڲ
ֻ¶һ˹̷̱ϡ
չһЦˣҵİˡ˵ţһֽ¸§˹һŵǷ޶ǽܡӦս񣿡
ĵðð
ںջŶӣЦƤë£ҲӦսշҪúýѵһ
Сܵܣ̵տɱ˵
̵ôУ˵Ƿ޶սܣӦҪ롣
Сĺյļ֮⣬С˵ҲͰˣ͵Ҳ˼˵б¾뺢һҪɱõƬײ
¿ǰ˭Ҳ˵˭
աͬʱƵĿ¡
ŵѵô
ͬʱͷȥ
ͻȻźС֣ܵܣ˵ţŲӡ

æȥһƵĿźա
̰ԼĴȣˣҲ
µһۣȥ
ʵʵһߣûа취ǰûʲôȨ
ʵ¸Ķġ뺫гǣǸա
֮󣬺ȫ״̬κӰ죬ʱӶЦͣ޷רע²һͱˣҪͶˣҪ֪գɶڵģԪĵЩ棬ͳͳ¡
֮󣬺źȥˣҪǱⱻ衣
⺢Ǵʲôһѧͻᣬϲ
ںջ
յҲѽ
ºߵǲˣѧϰ涼纫⵹ͦģ㡣
Ƶ˭ģ
µһ֮ǶҵĺӣҿˣȸﻹҪס
ţܲôЦҡҡͷһ¡Ӻ缺ȻĵġСҪһŮ
롣
ֱǷǳ㺫գٺңҲˣȥѩǵĺӾҵĺӣ༸νҲǿˡ
͸һ˿£±պƵ־ټᶨ
Ҳ˳˵˵ѣӲǿæǺǡ
°˺һۣͻȻʲôƵãТ޺ûжˣкδ㣿ǻسȥô
£ǷسҲܹģҪأҲϾͻأһȵТ֮һ˳ȥʹʹһҲҪ飬˵ŵģǷ޺ûôȥġ
һߣ㻹Щġɲ˵
ո߾ֵҿԶ췢ģΥԣҺձ塭ʱ㲻Ӧý޳һָҵ촽ϣֹҼ˵ȥô
ɫ˵꣬ŵġ
׺䣡
ƵĿ£Ŷ£õŷôصô
ԼҪģûб㡣һߣֵң£㶼÷֤ɼƽʱ˵Ƕôס

գվǱˣ£
µʱˣǵȥɨĹˡ
տ⣬ϣɫǲˣȥöȥ򡣡
š
̳ţˣĺͺһĿڣŸҥɽĹǱȥ
ҸļͥڻȴʳѰٽᡣ
ʱ˿̵żˣΪεΪ֪ٲֹӣǲġ
ңԴУҲԸ
ҪǽԲߡΪҲ֪ûȥұ
ʺҪȰ˵»ת⣬ֻǷǳѵģΪ֮ƣΨн¸ͱȥȻ󼯺дʩѹʹ½Ůڵ
ϵⲻѰ֮£һͱȥ޷ԤƵġ
˴ԲӡڵȻ޷Ǻ쳾ϣǿдź쳾ϡ뵱ᣬϱϣںó޼ıвٴ󳼿ɶǣУź쳾棬ȻҲẦ±汨һᷴԵġң͢òײƽ˭ҲۣΪʦ¬Ҳͬġ
ܴҲҶȥ˵̫ҪˣҪܹ˶Ͳ£ʵҲܽд󳼶ɱˡ
֮֮ͷŮҾ˵÷ǳе
üͷҲΪԲߣȷʵеܸоЩԣһ˫ȴʱſʱսȻЩúðΣŵ¹شһؿһ¡


1786 ľ
ҹ
££ҪҪǼˣǵģ¡
һ㤵ļٿȻӴֻ󺹣ڴڴ˯¶Ѿ͸ˡ
ʺ󣡡
һŻŵ˽վ⣬еʺ㻹ô
ڴϴƬ̣ŵû£ֻһجΡ
㱼䣬תͷߣǿտҲһǿһ̣Щ
ҧҧǿˮƵơ
ܿ죬ڱ
ǹΪһ¡
Ŵµô£ǹ𽫲֮°ɣһ

ǹ֮ĿĹˣһֶµĸоȻ̾˿ֻ𷽲ǸجΣеĿ־ٶӿͷһĨԹޣҾǵóѵģƴƣҲǵóѵġ£ȣҲֲó檣ҵҪܹΪǸ˸Ĵۡ
˵ʱкȻһ㿴ӣֱһģһһģһ
Ȼ˫վⲽɫţ˵òҴʱ˿뵱Ǽһģһҵ³
ˣֻһëȻ£סԼɪɪӡ
Ȼ䣬ͣվţһѽǼ˵·³ȻһСС
ϵ߶仰ţȻЦ
ա
һ˽빬С
Ůоջȥ˼һޣеǿеģǿɲԴаüʱֹ£ԽԽȰ˵
һЦôĻЩŬ
һ㶣˻
Цһ£ŮǼ˵̣ǲǳƣֻǵλõһ¡
ЩԺﲻ˵ʲô
ҴӸҵ»صУڰǼ֮Ǽ̱ݲң뾡һа취ҲҪҸϳУҲǸ³֣¸ֿʼѰ޼ǵİæﲻ뵱ʱǼ˵ǳô
üôһ˵еơ
ǰ˵ȥɿȺʩѹֻҪôȺѹ֮£ǼҪô¾͸ǶԸ޼һĽЩȫȻµһҶԱµ˽⣬ǿܻѡߵġΪһֵȥǴҾͶ·ˣìֻԽ񣬽ʱǶ֮ء
Բһ£Ȼʪ͸
һǸͱȥôɻʵ۵ļ£ΪҴ£սݻɵ
ǷǳΣյģΪһγɵͲŮˣȨҪ˵ĻûȨпܶˣ
Ŀǰʵͻ統޼ɵʵ޼ǿȨ㳯Ұڳпһû˸˵Ҵ࣬ȿǵǣ᲻޼ɵĲˡǿɻûдﵽֵزεȨǴﵽ۷壬ʵ岻УŽһȨ
Ҫʵ۸棬ǽǿԤġ
ֵڼ䣬һ̽ٻس
һæҪġǶ˽⺫գһµĶ֣νٻԸǣ붼ܿ¡˵˵ţһǣҲУҲУǺð
Цܼ򵥣С
У
š
ͷǼڹ⣬ֱ±ţҾԸҲûֵĻᣬУߣʱԶԸҴñ½빬Ϊ
һǲ̫ðˡ
ˣҲû·ˣôչȥͻУңһֱ֧£ȻҲĻмҾܹعںáǼһ빬Ҿܹ뺫յϵû˺ںݣһڹУһͲţ
⣬һ¾빬¾ͲסͥЩ񷴶Գ޼ɵĴ󳼣ȻӽңΪұݻΪǶ֪ʲôʧ⸲֮ѡ
ֻҪԣôҲԸ⸶ôĴۣȥʺֻҪ¶ű£ֱ֧£ұڲ֮ء±Ͼһ֮ŮҲһֱǼˣȵһʾұҪǼ֮أ÷һҾٷͬĴ󡣡
ϼ̬ȼǵŮаյĻǾôɡ
һĨЦ⡣
ǰЩӲͬǣŹʣţǰǸֻˡ
ʵԽǵΣʱ̣ܹ˵Ҳһ˵ĳɹ벻ˣҲƲǳɹȫ
ʷһΣ֮ζһߣվߴ
Ȼɱ˺ܶˣҲ˺ܶҲ˺ܶ˵£ⶥñκһμҵͷϣǶֻԵÿЦԳɰܶ۵ĻǳɹģǷǳɹģôȥվһȨУ֮ϣƹɱȨ


£¡
ŵʤСȣܵε鷿ڡ
μˣҲһʵΣ
ŵʤϲϲ£֮쳾ճ֮ܵ׷
棿
ǧȷС˻ȥ̽һ
մãЦƬֵ̣ȥһ£޽Ҫȥ쳾
ŵʤϵϲöʱԵЩӲǣСȥ׼
ʱһ̫๪ڣ£ʺ
һͿ£Ĭ¼Ϊһͳ
ŵʤС£ʺͻȻʲôҪ
ŵʤ̾˿ȥʺɡ
С
ŵʤ̫¡
һ˽ŵʤȻûиֳϣһ仰˵ҲǴ
檼¡
ǻʺˣɡοξӶ࣬˵͸һεζ֮ʵ֪ʺˣк
һۣǷֻ֮ʣˣΪεȫǶԳӵǰδйģǿţ£ˣ̸̸Ǻ쳾ӵ¡
εüͷһ壬һֵ޲㳳ȥɡ
̣
ǿŭ𣬵£صµǸģ檴˱¡
һ㶣תͷʺ˻
˵öԣǺ쳾ϡ


1787 ʦͽ
һ㶣ֻԼˣˣûмǴĻʺһֱԸź쳾ϡ
Ҳ˽һЩ£֪ﲻʲôƲ磬ͻȻôһת䣬ܲôݵһ
檵ȷһֱϻƵˣҲҪԣñѿֻǺϱԵ檿ʱеǳ֣е֮½⡣˵˶٣ֵʵ檺ȥǺ쳾쳾˵ȫһ¡󣬳ú쳾ٶȵ̨ݳϢӿ϶쳾ϡ
ʵȥ飬Ϊֻֻƭһʱ˭ôɵֻʵۡ˵ֺ쳾̨ݳкιϵ
쳾ϣôѾﵽӽµĿģٵ̨ݳűҲϣڵ̨ݳ
ЩԼĺӣû
ĺܣֵԳ檶ϵ˽⣬ƲϲֳݳɴҲɼǺ쳾ϡ
ǳһһչЦ˵쳾棬ƫƫš˵գӻֵⶼѾȥˣѵûʺܹҲеǳο
οĵӣǸѽʱҪ̣ϵԼԼĶ棬Σ𽫶ŪˣֵǳΪʺЩҲӲΪһ֮ȴ¥ܣȥµ
ˣҪ˵ġεһģٶ˵޲ġ
ϲ쳾ĻԸ棬쳾ٽС
㶣·Լһ㣬˵ʲô쳾ٽУ
ͷ
κɵĿܹԤ£Ҿллˣ㻹ҽ쳾빬УȫͲ簡
̾ʳ檣ǷģҲ£檵ȻôҲŬȰ˵£Ǳƺǳϲ쳾ΪʺȻǵֱ֧£С£ֵñ²ðǱܹùҴ¡Ǳ±Ͼһ֮Һ쳾ϣմ´ȥֻ»鷳ʴ˳ΪͻȽ쳾빬У⵽ʱ𲻱Ҫ鷳
ôһ˵ˣҲǼΪжһЩʺܹ֧ޣǸм֡쳾Ҳûлʺǰ׽޵ȷͦϲ쳾ģϲĸ裬ú쳾빬Ժ˵ɡ
ֵﷸˣֵ£檾䷢Էθʵ⣬̽¡
Ц޵Ȼ֪ʺҲ̽ޣҲǳмʺܹΪ룬治ǰ㡣
Ҳ˵ѣΪζ쳾˹ϵȻĻҲǱܰ
ͻȻʵʺɺã
æл¼ǹңһжá
ˣҪﲻӦĻ춼ţڿϵͷ꺮ů
һǷعںãһ̸̸̸̸̸е
ʵβǰ滹治һĲϲ棬ζиģҷǳֻ̫ǿˣһӶΣԾǲһ㲻ôȵͷεȻҲټǹ
鷿̽ŵʤ˹ȥ
㣬¿Ǻ쳾ӷϵǿżɽʵ
ŵʤ㶵ĿεˣôܳΡ
Ҳ֪ģֻʶѡ
ŵʤмƽһС֪ӦûС
棿
ŵʤͷҲûж˵
ͷ֪ˣȥɣסҪչ˺ñ£Ǳиʲô⣬ʡ
С֪С˸ˡ
ŵʤ÷ݡ
⵹Щ죬ȴ֪εģԸֻȻȻķչһȫȫİ飬ҪĶֻõĻθֻһˣʵҪܲÿ𣿿ʲôЦ
ңҪֻɫȤͲôˣϾǱΪƵһˣɼŮ˷棬ǱȽϿظġ
ǰӣλûסȥ棬ȻŵʤһٰʾνӦȥʺ޹˼һʺѾòˣҲӦʾǵλǳûʹȥˣΪոոݳ͸һ׸кܶ໰ĵġ
ĽҲǷǳ࣬ȫ벻ģ̸۴棬ĻߣҶҲǷǳȤҲԸıࡶ֪֡һ㣬ĵǲ˵ԡ
˱һ
һգʵ£ΪΣ
ԣ
ҡԴڻζһ㡣
ЦūҲϲһ֪¿ɷ񽫴͸ū澡
æҶҲûãӦġĻ޷Դޡ
һЦ漴򴽡
μüһЦ㣬ҲֵùЦ
Σ½ƺرģ
£Ц㿴أ
ͷ
ԥƬ̣ŵѽ޽յȷǳˣΪʺѾ˶ᡣ
㶣£ūһֱһɻ󣬿ֲѯʡ
εΪεջʺ㣬Ҫɣ
ͷ
γƬ̣͸һжʧȥںϲദķʽǵʱܸ˵㱣֤һԭԭġ
һ빬¾һøм˶ȥס
˵ͷ
һݻعȥˡ
һߣֻϣûзкɻǵʲô
һ۽䣬Цʺ󣬹Ľѽ
һأ
ͷֽõѶϢ֪˽䡣
üһ壬˼ǣʺڼʾã
һġЦҲǵңҪϢˣƫƫҪ¸ˡ˵ţ̣Ӧö֪լԺ϶໤ɣ
ͷ
ѵǶеô
йٵĴԣ˵һڱ㡣
ЦǾ͸һϢǡ
ΪҪô
㶫ҵģԽǻҵʱԽǷֲʵǵļƻܹȥ⣬ƫʺ󣬾˵ڹµġ
侪ȵĿ棬ֻЦ㰴˵ȥˡ


1788 һ
ƻϣǽĹĸϣƻҲֻ˼ؼڵ㣬ñ˵ϱȥƣʵЩڵ㣬ҲǸ쳾Ըйء
˶ѡ
û˵ƻƵ޷죬ķȫͬġ
Ϊƻؼڸ飬֮ĸ齻ҪԼȥƿغӦ䣬ΪֻεķӦղ㵽˵ദʱʲôӦ
ҲΪʲôսľϣ֪ʶ඼ѧйأʲô£˻ӦôѸٵĸԼķӦ
ʴˣƻʼ֮󣬽ҲġԸ䣬μ֮ıļƻǶҪġ
ںյǧУǼΪټģϲһжƿԼûȥƿء
˵ֻṩһƽ̨ԾĻŮˡ
նеҸĲˣûԻʵ۵˽
ûԣǲҲһ
Ѿ쳾֮ΪΪ𱬵ĸˣǹǡζǵҲûô𣬿ɼĵ̻ǷǳҪŹĸ˾Ų֮ͬ͸һֺ󼶱ĸожһȺ˱š
ǹ󼶱ǣⲻ˱˰Եġ
ں쳾ߵˣ£ڱ˹עš
׵ĵȻЩӸǣԼǸ˧ͷҲԳ֮Ϊѧԣŵ쳾Ļ֮ܿǾԭԼһ֪ģǲһȺ֮ܰˣ˵Ļ֮Ÿ
ν汣ʵʵҪ÷ЩӸ磬Ҳı˽ȵǡ
汻һ˱Ϣʵ֮ǰѾˣҲڷ׷״̽Ǻηʥ
ڼ䣬½½ЩϢдҲдȨ
ǶѡĬȲϣҲϣΪǶҶ¶˵仰
һӾϢ˳˵ǵ¿˺쳾Щ쳾Ǵڻ
Ϣ֮˶һͬʱҲǳ˷ѽ
ʵˣ֮һ㣬ֵȥھЩӸǣҲ׷תΪֵİգ෹󣬼Ʋ⡣
һĻǳɹģҲǱʵ۶ϲǾ֤ķǳ
ϲƷζģеεģǶʵһΪ֤ǵıƸ֮ߣǾӦøȥϲ
ʵЩ˿Ҳ࣬һԽ𣬾иȥϲȫΪԷĲŻò治һôһ˶Ӱ졣
ԣϲҲԽԽ࣬һΪȫż
ԭ֮صĺܺãҪΪҶû뵽ʵǱȥӵ˶Ὣ˸ʵ뵽һȥڽ׼ǳصᣬһڱϴڻ񱬳˻ʵۣǺܶ¾Ͷھ˳ȥʵ۵ǰȥۿϱԼʵȥ¥ۿ쳾ݳȵȡ
κͺ쳾£һӱֵǷз
ɼˣҲֹ˻ʵȥ棬̸Ʒ۵ȫЩ˵Ӱ죬ϳţҲעĿ
ֽԶסģһӾϢ˳쳾ǰʺ༫ƵϢڱ˳
ֱù£ҪʵĶడ
Ϣ֮ٳ¶ѾڰհԵĲ棬βˣΪϢܹ֮ԵĿɾͶȥƣ˵쳾ǰʺ󣬻˵ʲô쳾ʵۣ־ڱʺԽԽа۽ƫʺ
Ĳ˵ʵȥ쳾Ļᣬ˻ʺôĲԡ
˵˵ţθһĸо
˶ʼͬʺ󣬵Ȼͬ棬Ҳżʵĳɷ֣ʵѾӵʺ󣬻ʳֱ񹲷ѽ
Щ󳼣ǱĻ̻̣ƷԱΪҶ֪Ļ϶ģһģֻҪ䣬Լ޼ıĹԱ⡣
ʹ
в˭©˷
һǵʵ
ЩϢ֮Ȼļƻֱ롣
֪µĲ࣬ϢĿĺڣֱӻӰ쵽ĸȥ飬⾿ô£
ҡҡͷ֪Ȼ࣬ǵŮ˽ɴʱҲвڣֶϣԼ©˷Ҫ˭Ƿǳѵá
ü΢һѵ
һ㶣漴˵Ůˣ
ͷ
ϵôʲôôĹԱڴ£ǿɶ֧ǵģ֧ҪôᣬҪôѾȥˡ⣬ЩҲǶģǰϲŮ˵İҲվһߡ
ѽ´ȥʲôôҸüһ壬ɫԥ
ʱ˸ߺϼݵ
һ㶣æȥ
Ǹոߵſڣͼδ˽
檡
ʶľ׼񣬿⻰ճڣȻŭĿʵΪ˿ų檣
Цһ㻹ǰϷ
һ죬´˻Ӻ˵𣿡
Ҳһ㵡
ͻȻŭָ˵ЩϢ˴ȥģ֮ǰĴмھΣԭ㶼ƭޣΪĿģֶΡߣڵóˣ޸쳾Ƶ˼ϡ
ǲɷģܺõȥôεҲܵ˲Сĳ
ﲻŵΪЩϢǳ檴ȥģ
㻹˭ε֪ҲôˣǿûӣΨŸôҾһգ޾յʮ£ȫΪ£˵ԸģΪ޴ڹʲô֪ЩԱɶ֧ġ
Ϊβ˵ЩϢͲǳ檴ȥģ檷Żڸĸ̸ˡҲ쳣
Цµ㻹Ʊ硣úúã˵㣬˵Ϣ˭ȥģ
ͻȻһĨâǼˣһǼ˴ȥġ
ˣ
һЦƭޣһֱΪ쳾棬֮ǰ˵Щƭ޵ġ
ֻĪԩУµǳΪǱ̫Ϳˣѵ»һжǼôĿľҪ䳼£ԭѾòǼȴƣΪλҪִԲ򡣡
쳾¶֪ν¸߱ˣǻ
ŭЦǺͿִԲҪǲͿҪǲִԲ򣬵ͲΪ󡣡
Բʧɫ
͵زһ££㡪˵ʲô
ۿ޺ȷĸ㣬޾óѵģԼΪ֮ɡ
˵ţһ˦䣬ŭ뿪ˡ
ľһ·˶֪


1789 ټ
˵֮ǰĿ־壬棬ôĿ־Σֿ־ȫͲһ£Ϊûа취ֻ鷳ΨһܹģҲֻһˡ
ƫƫһ仰ζ˵ġ
ĵһӦǷô꣬㾹Ȼ˵⻰쳾棬ܣԲԵľ㣬Ѿˣ㻹ôң̫ˡ
ͬʱŻԸɻʱѾ϶ЩϢһ˴ġ
һ͸֤쳾棬ǵĻ쳾ô֪ʺ󳤵
ȷЩϢ֮۶ǷǳģŪòɨأǡ
ΪһֽĶҪ֪ɲŮ֮ⶼֻΣڷ¼Уž֮ʿ֮֮֮
ʷĳУ¼һǳؼĽڵ㣬ΪӰ˷棬ӹٳ䣬ӹƶȵףǷǳӵġ
ʱֻһˣ˸ӵвǾпû
ҲΪʲôѹûԼɵģʲôô
Ѿ϶쳾棬˵֮ǰҲԴЩ󣬵Ѿȫ׹쳾棬ôĳֱͷǳΣգҶû·νٸԼһЩΣգֻҪȡεıˣûεıûЩ£һ
ҪȡεıȾҪκĹϵ
νЩ󳼵ĿĿֻһΡ
ԭﶼѾ͸һУ֪ҪҪ˲棬ǷǳѵģŪûòʧͿʼӳԶǣȽŪȥȻԸĺλɲζĸ飬ŲСҪ󳼸еĹϵ̫ԻʴˣΪֻҪţȥζŭʲôҶ֧㣬ξͲܸôۣˣֻҪвͿŪ棬ʤȯգⶫֻܻһʱܻһҲΪʲôٵõλ֮󣬿ʼͥԼ
뵽һɽһɽߣεһս飬㲻ҪôôɣҾǲǾͱȱ˭ȭͷӲ
Ѿܹƿصģ˵ѱΪһļŭΡ
ΪοЩϢ˴ȥģҪóдʩѹ
ڱҲôġ
ıŭЧеģȷΪ¸еǳͷۣȻĻҲ﷢ôƢһǳ̵Ļʵۡ
ʵԤƣЩԱ֤ʵ֮󣬺ò׵İĳãֻһѪȷ硣
ζܹܵΪ˭Ҳû»ݱ䵽ֵز

ū澲μ¡
ſڣӭεĵ
ȴΪ֮һ
ʵǿ֮ҲͲҪ¹񣬿˵ٶЩ
κܿ㷴Ӧ˹кѹΪһٶԼĹϵ࣬ȥֲЩܣֵ
л¡
վվһԡ
ζѹһʱ֪˵ЩʲôãյϣΣѾЩء
һ̧ͷۿһΣʣ˵Щǲģ
γĬΣͻȻ̾һȷǳǰλʺ󡣡
ᡰһһľ֮ɫ
޲㣬ֻǣ෽棬һЩҪ鷳ʴ˲ûи㡣
˵̾˿Ȼ㶼֪ˣ޾ͽԭԭĸɡ
ܳл£ūվžˡ
һ㶣ѹҲûǿ£֪档
ʵ˵£ζԣһЩѶȵģ֮ǰѾô˵ˡ
Ϊ˵Լô壬Ļ쳾϶ӡ󲻻ãﻹҸΪϧһЩԭ͸¶棬ף治⣬⣬Ҳһĵģ˾һĵģЩҾͲϸ˵
⣬λʾԼĻǸס˾˰ŵģδʹԼԼԸȢ棬ǳТ˳
ͣԼأԼ벻ɱģԸ
žˡ
˵֮ǳһͷ϶С顣
Ȼȴ֪ǰ쳾棬ʵһ̣ȻΪʲôҪѾӺտе֪٣Լôµġʱ˿̣һǷǳӣһǧû¶
ѹջʺū澣ҪūأԭΪū澳ǰλʺ󡣡
˼
εĪҪ·֪㲻棬Ϳˣ޾˺ġ
̧ͷΣȻΪū澻ܹȥô
ΪβУ
μӣ㶼ˣ޻ʲôӣ㱣֤Ǹһë޾Ҫͷء
¡
ͻȻǰڵϣʵū֪¶ū澺ãū澲۱¡
εʲôۣ޵Ҫжô
ū澲κΪūܵ˺ʺ󡣡
£ʵ֮ǰū澶ڻʺȷʵڻΪū澲֪ԼʲôʺΪʲôҪôū澡ūˣʱ˿̣ūһҲֻʺΪʺûԭū澶ŭغŻʺļͥҸһǣô£ūʺôҲΪ˱롣
Ϊ룬ΪԼᵽαһӻ
£ʺˡҡҡͷ£ֽվǰסģܳҲ֪ģʱ»ѹɼʺһգûʺū澸ɱˣô¾ͽΪԶܣҲô鷳ɼʺ󵱳ľǶԵġ
㡪
ξȵĿ棬Ƭ̣ŵ̫ˣʱ˿̣㻹Ϊ롣Щ˸࣬ҪȥģͲ˽һô
£ūҲһŮˣ仹δˣҲһλɾūܹʺʱ飬ķ˵ʺôǶԵģԡ
˵ţͻȻͷڵذϣū澿£ūߣū澱֤Ҳڱǰ
С
ٿȻվһȻҪԣ޾Ӧġ
¡
˵ˣ޲ὫߵġʱˣҪȥˡ
˵žͼææȥȲĴӳȥ
£¡
׷ϣ滨꣬Ҽ
θҿԼӦźģҴҳլԺ


1790 ҸӿҪͷ
δҴȥ֮󣬽ڣֻϣޱĲϵۣЩͲǴԼۿƵá
ʲôأ
ԽŵĿ档
Ͼһ֮ضһεֵסѹǿǷǳΣյġ
Ƶģһжеķǳ˳еĻҪ˳Ķࡣ˵棬ǵЦŨˡ
ɫһϲ˼ǣҲҪס㣿
ֻЦЦδӦ
Ŀг˲ոʶʱǳɣѧϰ裬ҹʲôģɵȵʵ۵֮ȫһƵã֪澿ʲô


ʱʻŻӳϷɹĽһƬ쵣ɫˡֻǴСϣնһͷţø첲ֵ
С磬һ⡣
ʴүҪþô
԰кβɣ
үǶԲסСվͿʼþˡ
Ϊʲôѽ
Ӵү㻹治ܹС꣬ǲ֪˶þö˵ƥƥ㣬꣬ǿСһһƥӦôôĻСЩ鲼һöûУЩǿ˲١ҴүɲֵǮˣſˣò˶ãһƥҲܻһ⡣Ҫ⣬㻹ͭǮɡ
С磬ҪͭǮҷôһϽô
ȯҲа
ⲻһô
ǰĪˣҪϱҿ
ҶѾȥˣǵˡ


˵ʲô⼸ҪضǮ
磬ûӣɶҪô˵Ļˢˡ
ǰʱնͦ˵İ
ǰЩɶ˰

磬һڳĳһȥǵˢʵò󣬿ǰնŲⶼˡˣˣˡ
Ǿͼɡ
ǼĻҪõˣʣµĿһ͸Ǹɵá

磬ҪҲѧСָ磬Ҳȥ
ҲûСոТϾҪˣȥ˽ϣһСոֻسǸô죿
⵹Ҳǣǻǰ죿
ٳһţôҲõȵСո

С
ҿɣľܹԤϣսĽףҽ棬Ļǽеܻ㡣
ֻŶˣ۹⻹еġ뿴Դչ˰ȺȡĽƱ£ԪǩԼҲýͭǮԪȥˣ񳤰ʣ¶ͭǮû˭ǽиңϡΪͭǮƱػǡ
ˣ˵Ļãн˱˲٣ʣµЩǽнģ϶ЩҪŵҪǴǣѪ޹顣⣬񶼷ǳģ½ʳֻ׬ǮǽͭǮ浽ǽУҪǲϢĻǿܸŲסꡣ
ɣľܹ˵ǣ⼸´ǮҲ˼ɣľܹܣȥҲǸ취ѽ
Ҳûа취пɲ˶ܹתģڶܿͻˡ
ǡҪǶأ
ھͿԹˣȥҲ·һ

ǵó͢ոչ˰ʱİǻȸԾΪһҪۣ۱÷ǳˡϧǵҸδܾãѾ˺ߵʱ򣬲һڳ
Ϊ½˷ľòǼΪģΪ͢ͻȻչ˰Ԥף̼жŴĻΪ׼չȭŵģͻȻȡôߵĹ˰ҪȥĻͻڳһ㶼һЩ˳㻹֡
ȵЩ̵֮۸񣬵ΪҲý˰ˣǼ۸ȻҲͻǡ
ʵΣϾҲֻǸ˰۵ģֶٿأԱ㲻ˣȥٿۣǱȽϺġ
ǣΪ͢չЩ֮󣬿ʼþʣЩһȴ̼˳ľãȡĹǾҲֻþȥгѣǿʼʹþ֮İպЩ壬Լٻ¼ͥҲʼʹþͭǮ
ӱҷ
Ϊ˴ߴͭǮ±ϡȱͭǮøֵǮһǵģҶͭǮŵдеҪ͢ҺôڣҲºջˡ
ǴƵһгоǷǳģֻ徭ãʵʲôӱҵ󣬶ڳоõĴǷǳģҴʹþϵľֱ̫࣬ӵ°еľʼıֵ˳ԭǵۣòѾ߳յˮƽ⻹Ӱ쵽ũũɣũɣɣֵũȻҲܵ˺

ˣƺЩ̫
ԪһǵĽϵ帮
帮Ҳţѯʵн֮
Цǣ󣬹˭˱䷨һ˳ģܻһЩۣǺܿͻع
帮æʵ˻
Ц˵֮°ɣΪλͻȻôֵǮֻһԭ򣬾Ϊ뱱˶ʼƾŵ¾òֵǮǾ仰Щ˽ֻᶢԼǮȫֵģܰյ
ЩҶǳ͢ƿصĻôһжǳ͢˵㣬͸Щ⡣͢Ϊһ߲һ⣬ڹҷչǾͿôΪҿǳ͢˵Ǵȯڽ˽˵ģûôֻܸԼͭǮУǳ͢ģȯֱΪңȻֻһֽȴų͢棬ȵ͢ЩȫչУɷִȯ˳㻹ܽи
帮ͷ֮ԣΪ
ЦЩôֻոʹǣĻܹ͢˳˹ţɳ֣͢ôһⶼӭж⡣ʴˣԣ轹ǡ
帮ÿĽ̵һéٿĸо帮ܹʶ帮֮
ԪҲЦֱͷ
ڰ֣ǫңҡ
ʱһͻȻҴҵ˽帮ֹ˼䡣
ʲôģ
Ѿˡ
帮üͷⲽš
飬֪ʲô
ǡ帮տڣȻͣסˣת£¹ش帮ʱ帮ȷ֮ٸߵ
Ԫȥ׼򳵣Ҫȥ
Ԫһ㵵Ŀ帮
帮Ķ㻹ɵվȥ׼
Ԫˣˣǳô죿
帮ͱˣȥ׼ɡˣˣʲôҪ׼УҽվҪ
ǡ

գ帮óǣûиʡ١
Ǹճǲãӭͼ۶һƥ
ⲻôڳڣ
˼帮̴
ô
帮˽ƿôˣƺеЩ졣
Ҫȥ
ǰǻʺҵģ
ǻʺɱְģǲģʺ˵ҪȥĻñְ飬ҪȥڳþУԬǶҪԼڵ¾Ϳˡ
帮Щ󣬡¾ǲģ
ⱰְҲ֪ǻʺ˵£ʱǲģʺаš


1791 ֮
ʺϳ治ΪʲôҪôʱӦøϽ帮ԬͬЭһȰ£Դ֮
ǰǱֻţĭɡ
żˣΪԽﲻҲ˵֮ĹϵȫεģҲеǳŵģΪǷͷŹ
ڶģʱ˿ΪӦīս
û뵽ǣʱ˿ȴǰҪΣ˵Щʲôһֹ帮ǰͬʱȥߵЩˣ쳾Ǻ쳾쳾棬ڷʵ
ڷǳ⡣
ĬãŻڵһ֮ҵҾ֮ԴΪݣǶԱµֻԹ𣿡

ڴ㶲ôһϲʱ˿̾Ȼ˵˴ȥأ
жԴ㲻ŪͻŪġ
ֵ֮Ƿκ˽±øӸӣ˭ҪôǾҸ£Ƶĵˡ㽫仰ЩϲŪǷ֮ˡ
ھȵĿɼɫƺûʲôأҲֵֻܹϳˡ
帮ǶڣһҪﶼͷҲ޿κΡ
°ɡ
ϳˡ
̵֮ŮôΪﵹǷĲ٣ΪҲ֧ô㲻òһ£ôô¸ӻΪһжڱݵġ
ͬʱҲ֪ˡ
һЩĿ
ŮˣҲȥϢɣЩ죬㶫Ҳ۵ġĿ̾˿ϳ˾ɥϣǺܹģΪֳ־εˣĻͣĽŲ
ɼѾв
һˣǲҲУһӮˣҲֻǰΪں˷Ĺѡ
Ϊ̫˽ˣ˺ȥӲӲǷǳ̣װӵģͬʱҲһὫŪģӱʮ겻ֵ쾡¡
ҪȥԼԤһôκܻܿں쳾·棬òΪô˵ҲεĲԣβǽϾ̾ͻὫաмԳһзڡ帮ĽԱͳͳسУЩټϻʵ۵Ĺ⻷ǵʤĲߣ
ڴ棬ȷ޲ߣʴ˲ѡ֮ߣѾ϶ɵģԾͳˣѾ֪ˣ;֪ҲţôôʵһͶı֡
ûǸֻΪһߵһȥôѽǰǰһʲôȥģѾˣһǸ߸ϵĻʺȻԼеļҵȥһѡ
ҲȵĵطΪʺҪýˣҪܹܵίǷ¶ҪԴڰס
浱ǾγЭܵһԩʴÿ߼һﶼܹɹʱǳıģԸȥȥҲƴһΪôȥĻܾ͢Ҫϴ̫ӣҪģοǷǳϲġ
ΪֻҪţҪθƵôξƲ׶ĽҲνŪһһ׼ģȵιʾʰ档
ȥ֮󣬹Ժ쳾̼˾ųɣʺô˵ˣ˭Ҫðͷ
˵˻ʺ㿴ûԩʺɣͻȻһ˰˾ųɣɱޣ޵ĳӾôĬ
ϼ£ŵʤ˵
ǣС֪ˡŵʤһĵͷС£ȻʺѾ֪ˣͱʺˡ
滹ʺġΪʲôܼ򵥣Ϊǻʺ
ʵҲ˵ǰʵڲ̫ϲˣĺãֻ֪һˣŵʤŮ˰ﲻá
Ǻܺõģÿػʵ۳Уû˵Ǻ޹ֻǶҪźûϣΪֻ֪һ̫࣬޷һʵۣźʵְôδûдҪǵ棬ضὫˡ
ڲ֪ʲôȥأ
κһɫǻһЩϾôٲѹڵ˼ϣĿһƳͻȻⲻΤ˼ǫôʲôʱģ
ŵʤġ
Τ˼ǫҪ󳼣ھʦβòɲΪκһŮˣҵģְҵеģǾΤ˼ǫ£һûһһͽֻһ룬£ˤڵϣȻŭ޳ҪĿ޾ķӸɱˡ
Τ˼ǫΪʷ򣬹ܵòôΤ˼ǫڵ֪θһĻﻹ̵סǲ棬Ź㣬ˣ˼ҲӦˣ󹬣νΪϺƶȣһĻᣬ⻹һʵ
Τ˼ǫһ¿˵δͷѵβûд쳾ֻ֣˴棬ݵ䣬㿴£Ÿһ㹦˵Լ岻ãԭȥΪ˸ĻᣬԵ³ҪĻ㻹ǻ۰ɣƾʲôڳ̰ڡ
֮ǳζҿꡣ
֮бϣȭͷ¶
֪Τ˼ǫģҲ֪Τ˼ǫĸԣ˽ҲǵһرΤ˼ǫѵˣɴ˿ɼﲻ֣Ҳôýģ¬졢ʦҲᷴԵġ
ʱͻȻһӰȻˡŵʤʵջȥôãҲӦТ˰ɡ
ŵʤ룬ӵĻǲˡ
㡪
һ죬ͻȻͣ룬Ȼ޵ģʺĹϵǳһʺҲжæԸ񣬿Ҳѡ⣬ڰʺȰޡ
ȻΪʲôЩӷ쳾ĻᣬҲǷĹȻ»û
ˣֿյҡҡͷ
ôѹǼ᲻٣Դ֮һֱûȥ棬ֿҪߣһֱĽټзƣҲҪһ֪ڱߣҹȥ棬Ҳ˼룬ϣ棬ЩѾ֪㲻ʺſľˡ
ū澹ӭ¡
滹ǹſڣӭεĵȴԵ÷ǳ䵭
ҲΣ⡭
ֻδڣһ㵵ĿڵһϷһ٣ϲģֻѾΪˡ
˭ɵģ
ָ٣ʧɫ
£ūԼɵá
Ϊʲôⲻϲ𣿡κǲ
Ҫ֪ٶһȰֵˣǾһ㡣
رµĻūѾӵˣ
˵䣬˭䡣
ū֮ϲ֡赸ΪūΪֺ赸ܹҴ֣ūҲȻūѾָͨҴȥЦͿ֣˼ū澣۵ĶūµĹϵǰĻʺԼڵĻʺ󡣹ʴˣūѡپҡ
Ǻοأ
ε޽Ҫ˵µģ㡪ޣޣҪˣ㲻˼롣
վɫЩ㲣ټıͷʤѩȥǳϧ
ͷһۣİɣѾ¸Щ󳼽͹ˣҲ㲻棬ǲ˺㣬Щ壬ҲȥǣʱЩҥԲơ
£ЩҥԣǴڵģ¶Ϊū澳úǰλʺ󡣡
ǲһ˰
ɱȴһ֮


1792 Ϸ
һ֮ȨҲûĸʣĸָΪء
㶼ˣʲôһ֮
ɫΪ
´Բӡ̧ͷΣ峺˫Ŀһᣬ¿ɻǵū˵ū֮£ֻСƣ֮£Ǵ֮²ūһ˵ľ°յľµǱ°գūһ
εҲ޵ҲбΣһ񶼱ˣ°ִӺ̸𣿡
ȻһЦ֮£ܾԸʴ˲Тȫɱʣȡ˵ˣһеķ粨ū澶ûū澣ᷢô£´ʱ˿Ӧū澣°Ϊأһ֮¡
û˵ôأֻһŮӵĳ֣ܹ޵ĴƱ÷Ʈҡ޵ĴδҲ̫ˣ㱾ûд޷ŲҲ˵ôеĴѾֻ֪һᣬһ粨ܿͱȥҰıǡǺοš
ǳɲô򵥣϶кܶ鷳Լû̫İա
ȴ£ūȻ޶ۣ̫͸еϵū֪ūһܹǳ鷳ѵ¸ұ֤ʺЩҲΪֻһ𣿾Ϊһᣬ°ҲôΪ𣿡
Ǿ㲻ôΪΣκߵѰܹһ֪޹Ϊӣѵӵһ֪ôԴ˵֮ˣ˽֮ˣֺοΪȥ黳
ū澽黳Ĳ˵ʲôǱ£ǹңǰգūֻ֪ū澵Ĵڣ˺ˣʺūһֱϣܹҴȥЦͿ֣ҲūƽԸūֻܸʹ࣬ūȥ
˵棬ɫ
͵һ·ܵһ㡣
ε£ѰռңмͥҲᲨھӣʺ°աȻʺū಻ūȴǳֻ֧ʺūϣܹʺദ󳼺ദͬЭմȥõܹ˵Ļū޺
Ƶ˶㣬˵ѵͲ˽һô
ףūΪòǻʺ󣬶Ǳѽ˭ĴƣǱµĴƣ˭Ǳµ˺ǣ˺ô
˵Ѿ滨ꡣ
ͨһǰ£ū㣬ū߰ɡ
У޾Ὣߵġ
ԵüţǲĴҥ˵㹴ôУԸ빬Ϊӣ޵Ҫ
գȻһЦͻȻͷȡ·ԼĲ
Ҫʲô
θæǰ
±һɫǱһҪôĻūֻ˶ϴҲǱ¶ū澵Ķ¡
˵ţһĨȺǹ⻬Ĳ仮һĿĵĺۼ
Ҫ
ŵþ
£
ŵʤŵغ
̵û£Ƕ£˭Ҳ׼鼫Ϊš
ǡС
㡪ǧҪôǧҪޡޡѵ㻹޶ô
ʱ˿̣Ҳ˲ôˡ
ضū澣ūףʵūҲҲϲ£µĲŻơݴȣū塣ҲΪˣū澲űôΪū澣ܹð֮踣ūΪ£һкβɡ
㡪
üǸж֣۲ѣּѪϵʣæ㡪Ƚ£¡
ȴ֮
ܲףҪ·šһʹԣּɫʲôɵðΣ֮£ͷƫһȥðɣ޴Ӧ㣬޴Ӧ㻹ô˵Ҳ
Ž£ߵ׵л³ȫ

θϽ˿ס˿ڣһ£۵Ǻοأ
ȴһЦūȴǳģūûһֱᶨҲûй¶ū澵Ķ飬ūھȪ֮¼ū澵ĸĸūҲġ
μЦ÷ǳã֮ɫݣҲЦǶһܹΪ룬ǸöãҲô鷳
Ц´ʧƫģūôΪ˱룬ʺôʵҲΪ룬һʺܵѹҪūҪö࣬ӦöԻʺĴмǡ
ô㶲ðΣҡͷЦʺһˣѵ޻ôôΪԼޡ˵Ŀ棬޵ߣʱʱޣޣ°գɶһ֮¡
֪˼ҡҡͷһԾŶɲԶŰū澶ڱµ˽⣬¾Ʋʧū澵ġ
γĬΣɵÿЦһ޲㣬Ĳʧȥ㣬롣
ȻʵūֺγǣǡūֻҪ뵽ܹ¼᲻ѹ鷳ū澱źҡūϣڱõӡԣūùȥʱū澻᲻ū澣ūҲ֪
һ㶣룬˵òĻʺѾ޶첻ϵã빬ȥ᲻Զ˭Ҳ֪ңʱҪܶѹʹ࣬˵ܹЩ󳼵Ķ֣ܹΪˣΪΪأˣһ̾ϣô
һūϣ°˽ū͵һ¶֪ĵطȥ
üͷһ壬ѵҪ𣿡
ͷΨˣū澲ܷū澽ΪһУŲṦһ⣬ū澻һСС󡣡
ε˵
ūϣūߺ󣬱²ҪΪȥǹκˣǻʺūϣܹʺͺһжƽǱܹӦū澵ū澴ź
ôõŮӣаǡȴҪʧȥۿʪ㲻ᣬƣҲûа취˫Ŀϣʹĵͷ޴Ӧ㣬޴Ӧ㡣
ͷл³ȫ
Ŀк֮Գȫ㣬Ϊϲ㣬㣬ΪЩ˽ˡ
ҧ촽Ĭ
˾;ţúһͻȻôҪҲϣܹӦ޵һҪ󡣡
̧ͷɻĿΡ
εʶҲϣܹԸ


1793 Ц
Σ峺˫˸⣬漴ʹĬðΣԲˡū澲ܴӦ
μΪΣΪʲôһҪ㶼ܴӦޣ
̧ͷεΪѶϡ
κߵڣôٶٺõ٣ҲܹΪ
ҡҡͷ£֪پңġūȴǡǡ෴ūѾ̹βʲپҡ
ɻ⻰Ǻ˼
Щ˽ū澱ǻ槼榣ūȴΪūһֱǷ飬ֹûκԽ֮٣ֻʶ֪ʮִ⣬ûǰ㸴ӺͰࡣȻ˿̼Ҫ룬ȴҲҡգ֮£Īڷеȡ壬ˣˣСɴ󰮡
ʴˣūΪһλѾôҲ޷ԽūҲؽģ̹ū¸һֻһξһӰΪʱ˿̣ū澵ľѾ˱仯òôĴˡū澿õһĻ䣬ԭū澵˽
ԣúһȻЦһһ
ЦȴǴᣬһ߲ϵ˵ţһȥӰȴôį͹µ
һֱغŵʤ˫Ŀףųۣʧǵģŵһ¡
һתͷŵʤһﲻ
ŵʤŵҪˣλδĿ
Դ˽쳾ߡ
ͻȻڵ
ŵʤġһ
ȴԹ˵סһ͵һκ˶֪ĵطǣҲޡ𣿡
ŵʤū
΢΢ƫͷһۣջסˣȥ
һ̣ףȻʵ۵õıκ˶࣬ʧȥҲκ˶Ҫࡣ

ʲôأΪʲôټǶ²Ѿ뿪ô
ڣһ£ȷܱ߶ȫ֮󣬲һĳСʵ
ΪǵȻҪ뿪

𾪵Ŀ棬ʲôأ
Цƣñ뿪
⡪
һʱԵæңɺͷԣҪʲôǵļƻɲġ
һĨЦ⣬ʵƻʲôƻǶƻأ֪
㶲
ȷյļƻֻһʼʼƻȫǰ¶棬Ǻմû˵ƻĽʲôδ˵Ҫ뾡һа취빬ȥҲ˵յļƻʵˣ˶ѡ
ǽΪȻƻĿʼȥӽ£ôֵȻ빬ѽľ飬ҶѾߵһûеͻȻȻֹ޷⡣
ЦҡҡͷȥǶļƻʲôʵҲ֪ǶġŶ˳ٰҴ仰ǵĶѾȡԼˡӦûΪ˸е
仹޷ţ㡪㲻Ǹ˵Цģ
ôΪҽҪ뿪ˡҲٽֵͣŶҲģǰ±ؽȥ㻹ҪСģȻѾ뿪ǵȵʱǨʺܻ㡣ǶڣֻҲҪˡ
侪ȵҲ˵һ뿪
һ˫һ뿪
⡰˫ʵˣҲǳ޼ɵտŮūһŮūѾΪˣΪ˼롢ɣԼء
ȻһжӺѧġ
У伤
ЦɱǶԸ㣬һжҪҵİţ⡭ҵİš

ڵϣŵʤһӱ»ĳǣ˭Ҳ֪ǵĿĵŵʤ
֪ǽ뿪
վڳǽϣĿ뿪ѽ˵òĽõĽΪ£Լϲĺ֪ڸʣڰաͬʱӵһݴİ飬Ҽġ쳾Ӧøл㣬û㣬ֻ޴޷һС
ˣлȻʣһУͬʱּд˿˿˸Уָо
ΪΪһʵ۶ԣǷǳѣΪûʲôֹʵ۵ΪΪÿʵ۵ԿһʵܹˣǷǳ׵ģʱ˿̣ʵһֳɾ͸еġ
ƿ̽ͷǣһŷ´һĨԳЦ⣬ǺǣҿӦЦ
쳾㣬Ҫȥ
һŮʵ
ŮߣЦȥһԼĵطܵκ˵úͰڲ

ʹ
ݡ£
ʺ޹ڵĹ𿴵ʵ۵ĵֻоȣǷǳص󣬻ʵʺ޹Ƿǳġ
ɼ֪ʵʺѾˡ
ƣ̬ͷʵʺ𣿡
ڡ
ǹ𼤶ȥʺ󣬻ʺ󣬱ˡ
Ƭ̣棬ĿΣ漴檲μ¡
񡣡εͷǳº͡
ֱȴ
ξֱ£ϽΪ裬ϸ㡢ˮ
ΰеĲ豭һͷˮ¡
һ豭Ѿ쳾ˣ͵һ޶֪ĵط
ĿΣ·Լˡ
΢΢ƫͷЦʵ֪Ϊʲôô𣿡
ľګҡҡͷ
Ϊ㣬ҲΪǡһĨģΪ쳾Ǻ쳾ƣ޲ѲŽߵġ
ȫˣݵһѽͷؾԼȫð
ûƭıҪη·𿴳롣
͵һʵΪʲô
εΪ쳾ϣޡʺ󡢴󳼡գκһΪܵ˺֪һܵ˺ʴˣѡ뿪ң֮ǰڰٰΪ㿪ѣ˵һжΪ룬Ϊ°룬㣬㣬ϣͺ
ôľпްжеֻ
бĿ֪ʲô̾˿쳾Ѿ뿪ˣǷǶԴҲ׷ˣϣܹһ䣬ҪŪǷ꣬޶ڴƶáУҲϣܹȡѵ޵ĻʺҪһ㣬Ҫһ㣬Ҫ˶ɵӣǸѵˣ޵ΪΪϲ㣬ϲǵǸ޻ҪģԼúɡ
˵ţ뿪ˡ
ôô
ߺأԴվԣĿͣﲻͬĻ
طſ˿ݣѹûȥΪ¡ΪѾȷ쳾棬һʵ
ƫƫһʵʱǳһͷûС
ĳ֣ǾƲɺϣ϶ԤıģĿĵȻ𣬱Ͼ˾˺ĸףǱģҲȡ˷ǳĳɹĿǰǼģ˵Ҫ빬Ѿʲô£ǾƲֹġ
ƫƫʱѡ뿪
˵ò·ƭΪڹҪʤΣҹоǶĿҪӹ˫Ŀ
û˵ѣû⡣
һ̣ûκͷ


1794 û
ʺ󣬸ϳ飬쳾Ӧǰ뿪ɱ˻뿪ģ䶼ûиȥҲû֪ȥˡ
һˮĿСʺǲŪأǺ쳾ѹͲϡ
һԵҲͷһģȻĻΪʲôҪôĿǰƶôһߣǰˡ
ĿһۣǲģǵĻЩϢ˭ȥģ
ڵ֪µˣ򸾺Ȩ򸾣˵˭һС©죬ҲǺпܵġ
ŭĿ򣬵ѵΪǼˣ
ϳҡڸϽֵǸ
æŮҲΪ롣
ɫ˼֣УҲ㷢ŭֻʵ̫ˣһգ޷ס
ϳסڵϳΪȻѾˣҲ̣ϳΪʺͲҪȥ׷£֮ʺҪȡµΡ
ͷ֮Ůô½ȥ˭ã۲ڴʲô⣬ֻҪԼңǱ㲻ǡ
ףһֱĵĸǼˣһˡ
գ
ڡͬ
ͷֻǼˣҺ£ҵǵһֱĻˡ쳾棬дģôĻҲǺգһҲǺհŵģ벻׵ǣôͼʲô
ںһۣеѾȥǶѡĬ
ⶼǺĻݵģô쳾ڻʵߣԶҪҲϳ
ΨһĽͣǺ쳾ѹͲ档
ôһ˵϶ڡ롣
Ƕ˵ܲףֱ¾ô򵥣Щﲻԣʵ벻ס
벻׾ͶˣҪףͲˣ
ΪѹûôƻյȫȨԼȥֻ̻ȥΣҪ˳ϣôõϡ
ʱų˶ȥ˶ļݣʵѾТˣ׼ǳΣǳ˶ûȥվʹų˶һ˼磬һֱҲݿΪΨһûϵģݵķչ˵ġ
£һ֪
սյĿݣʱ˿̣ȴһֻҪ̤ݾڣܹܵһɾ˵
·һ硣
䲼֮󣬺һŽݳ״ʱĻС
ݣũҵҵҵһжѾҵڴ֮ǰݻһЩСũõɫֱ䲼֮󣬴˴ʽӿݣΪﲻ̣˳𾴣䣬ݵǷһԽ࣬ҪԽ࣬ݰձųҵΪҵǣ񹤣ճֱʱҸգȻֵء
ʵݰյѾ˳ֻǳЩ֪֮ܲѣʲôǳˣĶΪ̫ˣĶᵽˣԽϡΪ
ݺأȫʯ壬õ·أȳá
ݵİգͲΪ治ҲνΪʱ򵽣ݲԼʳһڲϵĽʳΪĻ߳ɶڳڣܶطİþֻʣʳֻܶһǵʳ
ǣݵİȴһּǿľӰ˼Σ˼룬ûбƸͷԣǵ񾭻ǱýģɻǷǳģ˵ɹ˶Ϊ֮ǰŵ˻߲һ˶ԴкܴӰǶǳϧڵ
˵ǷǳǮ׬ˡ
ǲô룬ΪⲻƽѽǶúܿûˣǿܾͶˣǸԣǶ˴ģǵģǻʵ۴ģǶΪ˷ĹʣҾӦŬĸɻ
ݵĲƷǳϸ൱ãΪõĹˡ
Զ໥ġ
Ҳɵ¶ݲǣڷ̣ΨܹṩһôõĻİնǳǣһôõԱҪȥලȵĻҪõöѽݶݲǣҲû·ߡ
ЩҲû·ΪݵİգΪ˻̻ᣬԼȷƣĿľҪ֤ݵּۣ޶͹һԱĴ֮ҪݵİķǳҸĻǲŻӵˡ
ǻ˵ΨͼģˣֻǶݵİպã׬һνȥõط׬ǮЩ˲ǷǾ׬Щ˵ǮǵĳѾ˵ĳֻһС߹˰Ļﶼ˽ʽͳȥΪ˽Ļ۸ˣز
Ϊ˰ĴڣѾҲ࣬ݾΨһһԴҲûʲô˸Ǿ´ĲƸӿݡ
ٸ֪Ҳ֪帮ĹԱ֪û˹ܣ帮ʲô
ᡣ
Ҫôͻ¸ǣҪôǸɹɣУڳлһӣҲһ׬Ǯ࣬ûмôǮöǲƣӪ׬ǮյĹ˰ǶǸ帮׬ˣֲַ˶٣̵Ľ൱Уң㡣
Ƴǰûʲôܣ̰۵ǳ٣帮һ࣬һ£ܿʼӡ

ڿĵ·ϣһƵǰʻţȻ˲ڸ·;ķ⡣
֪ʲôҷ¶ĳô
˶ͻȻߵĺʵ
յΪô
˶浱һ˺һۡ
չһЦ᲻֪Ϊ㿴ҵ棬žһġ
˶һǵõ˵Ըٿһ˶棬ǵʱҸûзϣֱһصݣҲŷ֣Ҳ㲻ƭңѡ㣬˵ĻҵҲᾡľȥ㡣
ʵǺʱҵأ
˶һۣͷƫһȥ
չһЦ뻳УѾٺңԼңҾ̹׸˵ɣʵݵı仯ҸеģݣҼ䣬һܹǿܣݵĻĹ治ңԼһеһжݵصİͺͺˮģû˰ǣԼȡġ
˶濴Ŵ첽ߵİգͷҲ˵öԣһжԼȡġ
еգһΡɽǰɽٴ죬ι״ǧ䣬ѻƳϣɾһ㡣
۴ɽ⻹һɾ˼ѹ㵱ѡ˵ɡ˵ţһûлӦתͷһֻ˶ֻͷɴñκα飬ǺѾӦôңҲڷ㣬ǴרҵĽǶȥġ
˶һߣֱǰȥ
ոϽ˹ȥ
Χɽ˶浱ġ
ɽУվȵǣ;ٰգǣЩռǣ׷С
ʲô
С˶ʵ
˶ҡҡͷҲ
ɽ·Уһʱһɽϡ
ҵ
ռ˶˵һͣĿһֻۣ˶ǰ棬˳Ŀ⿴ȥɽһСͤӣͤƣɼͤһʯ
ǰ˶ﲢûʲôͤӡ
ŶˣЩģʲôЩոԸôݣңΪڰ˼
˶·ûͤǱȥ
ȵѽ
ռæ˹ͤǰɫһʯôûְ
ȴ˶Ȼˡ
Ȼˣ΢΢üȵѵ
˶ͷұһ˴ˣӵˣ÷Ǳڴɵġ
ԭˣյͷܹΪʲôЩǰݵİնڵģʯûпκ֣ΪǼݵһ췴ͷͷ
˶תͷ
Ǹһʱ죬û˵û˵ڨڨֱЦ
˶̾Ϊʲôôɵµû򡣡
һרҵĽǶվǻԣʹܹһʱҲµãԳ绹ǻᱻ˽ҴġΪЩռݵĲʲôŮǳ˶ˡ
˶Цлİο
ˣˣţϾ͸֤ʵһ㡣
˶ƫͷһֻһһͨһͷһֻչʯǰʲô
ȱ졣
˵䣬ǸѾ˹˶æվһԡ
Ǹһۣ˼ݵģҲû⣬ȼ㣬ڱǰ˰ݣűϵСţ񰡣һҪοƾеڣٷƣƾеڣٷơ
ǸԲƫͷһۣأûվڱǰ¯ڣ˫ֺʮ˰ݣתȥɻС绹߶ţٷƣٷơ˫Ŀգ·߻ħһ㡣
Ǹʵ̲סˣʵС磬ڸʲô
Ŷѽ
Ǹ˿Цʲô˭ġ
յ׼ϾϿ;˵ΧɽһͦģҾݰݣϣܹҿƾеڡ
ǸЦòͣСѽ㱻˸ƭˣûʲô񡣡
ôܡ
յҿܶݣ㿴㣬ڣôݡ
Ǹ˵ݵĶϪصˣҲģǼϪصһλˡ
һԵĳ˶ͻȻ΢΢һ¡
յˣ
š
Ǹ˵ͷ
ʹǰɣǰһ˰
ǸЦǺǵ˭ôűˡˣˡ
˵ţ뿪ˡ
ȵǸ뿪֮󣬺վų˶ˡ
㡪ô֪ģ
ЦֻһװŪܷ֮ʲôҲκͬ飬ǵ˵Ϊ˾Ϫصİգϧȥ͵ٸʳñˣǵصİ͵͵ȳģ֮ˣԲԣ
˶ͷ
ԭ򡣡
һų˶ļ򣬵ʵҲҵΪìܵĵطһΪ㵱޹ˣһ棬ַǳ㣬ͬ㣬㣬Ͼ̶ԣʱ췴Ҳ벻ȥõİ취һʼ췴¾޷ƣĳʼǺõġ
¾
˶˦֣ͤӡ
ռæ׷ȥó˶治ʵ˶ǸмյģΪյ̽ԭϪصİղǺˣظ
ѽɫˣҲ֪⸽ûɽŵ
Ϊ˾ͰɽСϿ
ɽ
˶һ㶣漴һŲȥ
ϣ


1795 ֮
˶ݴ˴£ʶΧɽķ羰ҲԳ˶Ĺһ̵˽⣬һС
صݣ׼ΪڴһԶС
֮һֱƵ׳ɽİãһֱûлᣬȥҲŵҪȥΣúóһ
磬ô
ܵ˵ҪȥΣ̴˹գС۾Цʵ
һ۵Ҹô
ʵܵܲ˵ҲȥȥģΪܵܺСҰĵܵܣһˣڣһȤġ
̵ܵСҰЦ
յͷЦ˵ɡ
ܵһתǾͻá
üͷҪǴ㲻õĻÿܻɱҵġĻҲôǣ֪ǲ̫Ըġ
ܵ£㲻֪ôǽЩӻȥĸˡ
㶵ûи˵
ܵһ£ͻȻŶһָȻŵˣˣǽ˵ûнϣԵŸ㣬㲻ʣǾͲҪ˵ˣܿͻ
Ůǡ
ҡҡͷУʹúɡǶǳ˫ɶԣһˣô
ǻСҰô
СҰ
ܵͻȻһЦ磬Ҹ˵һ£ǧСҰ˵Ŷ
һԵУ˵ʲô£
ܵҷеϲСҰ
һϲ˻棿
ܵܵͷ֪ڴǰмƵĹӸϷСҰΪǣԴԺҸСҰȥ棬øһȥ棬СҰɽ档
ЦĻǾ͸ôһȥˡ˵ţܵܵˣʱóɻ飿
ܵգգۣ磬˵أ
һۣˣˣһн飬Σ
н飿ܵһźƲŶ
Сӣߺߣͻ۰ϻָָܵܡ

ҪȥУ
Ԫĵ΢΢ü
յȻѽôƭǡ
Ҳ˼ԪĵЩΪѵ̫ƽҴѾǮתƵϣҡ
һԵ²ˣĵ㣬ԪѾ׬˲Ǯ׬һ㣬׬һ㣬ֲòײŴӦǳȥһ㻹ȥˣ߲ˣȥҲǲС
Ԫĵ㶮ʲô
ǣ㶮ʲôհǻ֮Ľ̸
ߵҰ˵ȴ
Ϲң
һֱһۣȻԪĵ˵˼Ļ
Ԫĵ󣬵ͷðɡ
¼Ԫĵ̬˲ת䣬˲Ǻ棬ȵԪĵ֮㼱ԣʵ˵ʲôô̾ʹӦˡ
Цû˵ʲôҾǸǵʱȥǱߣʱ˳㿴ԪǱߵ
´㶰ΣȻбĿźա
յ̧̧˫ü
˾ˣôûԭ򡣡
ºһ¥ȥ
㲻ְҵӣ
ֹһ䣬÷ţ׼ȥʲô
ոԺڣͼͷ󺹵˹һҪϢ㡣

յҪ̸
ͷѽǵߺôСҪʳǿסģÿԼ
һƽʱԵġ
ĵ̡С׬ġ˵ţָԼĶͷƣΪ˸Ϣܵͷ󺹣ҲøȷѰɡ
ҵһʲôŶտЦõĴ˴ͷͷУ˵ϢҿϢֵʲôۡ
һתðɣһصȿŸǺĻɼȥ˶٣˵ղźλˡ
壬ʲô壿
ǸǸүүĹǰ尡峤úÿ࣬Ծͽ塣
ǽ壬ǿ塣
Ŷ
Сǰһ졣
ջͷˡ
Ƭ̣±̨ϣʲô£
յǮ򣿡
²Ϊʲô
յΪӸղһϢҿϢֵǮ
̫ƻˣ
ֻúԺŭغ
ۣСܵû찡
˫һ̯ż磬¡
˼˵û
գգۣе£Ȼġ
˵ţҲȥ
ɽķĹǰһ񣬵
ʵʲô£
ӻͳһźܺ
üͷһ壬ӹǷܺһֻȫֻ֣Կһۣ˻ȥʵ̷Ǳߵô
еķǳ˳ЩʿѾһǰæһжǳ˳ٸǱƺûϵôͻ˽ΣҲûܼܣǱ߹μ۸һֱǣڵ̣ȥռȫǵΡˣǴǱ˽Ҳ˳ԭء⣬в˶ڴ˽ͷϵЩԱѾͬ裬͢ȥĹ˰һЩΪڸǣŸǵġ
Цŵͷһʱ䣬ӦϾҪˣһóǰеļ¼ǹڸòǮ帮Ҳ֪ܿ˽ƻϾҪڶ׶ˣʱ͢һ˽Ǹûţ͢ԽԽңǷɡŶϾҪȥˣԼռƻˣҡ
ǡ
Ҫû£ҾȻȥˡ
ߡ
ջصԼ鷿ڣóһֱȻóǷܺһ߶ֱһűЩдź֡
úһղŽʷ£һǷܺ
̶֣ȴ˺ðΣȻǺЦ˼Щ˼˵öѽͽΪһգͽܻὫѧЩõʦϡ棬ǳʦˡ
һļƻ˳ǽϣһ߻ţһ˵ʱһеǳɣٴҲ뵽ʵֻҵһУôܽԼȫѹһŮϡңͣҲĻ㣬Ͼ̫һֻҪ΢һ㣬ҲΪ͢Ĵֻۣͱ¶ϾƳҲǻãͽܶ治ϾѾҵİϷ㻹ò˵ҳʱ治֪㻹ôмܡϷŸոݣǳ

˺ϣһ̴ʻţϣһ̴ԵЩεӰֻ
ֻͯİС˺һɽ˴ӡ
һССʵˣΪҪȥϣ˵ǵط̫á
ɫȻΪĸȥҵĸס
һС̾˻֪ԼĸȴԼĸ˭֪
СˣɫЩݡ
ʱһŲ
̱տڲԣƷȲ衣
һüĿ㣬ƲӹӸСˣǲôнҲὫǵٸκ˵ġ
ɫȻ
СͻȻվγ̽ɾʱһѣվվס
˫
˼æճڣҲһͷΣЩס
ǹЦ˫ҿӦýͽŸУҺĻһ׷ٵ㡣
һƺʶʲôһȥ
ǹͻȻָһ޳ָһСҩ𣿡
澪ȵ㡪ʲôˣ
ǹӸ罫µƲС˺£һſ̱ޱȾޣǷһ񣬵ʺĻСŮгǡ


1796 
ݹٸ
֣ͨȵϣ·ƨɺһŻƵã;Щ񣬶ȫںʲôǡȣֱӳԳİ칫ҡ
һţڣԳãҪȥ㣬ϽȥǱͳһĿ
֣ͨһ㶣¹ЩһֱͳĿոѾͳƳ¹ҲΪ¶̳ӲˡˣֻյɵǮھ˵ǮѾˡ
Գöˣôܣ˭ǷٸǮ
֣ͨ͢
Գ㵵͢
ȷʵû˸ǷٸǮ˳͢⡣
֣ͨͷ̳Ӳˡ˻϶Ѿ˳ȥа˳ɶ˳͢
Գ˳ɣ
ΪݴʷҪ̫ܵˣﻹ˵ЩǽȥɣǱ帮Ҳල¡
֣ͨͷ͵Щ̳ӲˡҪЩˣڼңôЩˡǰ˳⣬ԵöЩɰͰ͵ģʣʴСּŵ̳Ӳһܵ˵ϲҵʱԽԽ࣬µˣʴСּԽԽ
Ϊչ˰³˶ٳˣַ֮׷뿪ǹٸ֣ó׵ˣǶǳ͢ˣǶƴûǱ߱ڼලཻ֮ܶףҶ֪һֱûнˣǰոҹǣ˵ֻǷ£Ǯûоǵ֣ȥԪˣǲɵǮˡ
Գգգۣز
ǵʱ֮󣬼˵׼һ㶼͵ϣΪܹóǲԳʱһ㣬Щϸ˵Ʋܶһ
ǺһҪḶ́Ǿгγɹ̡
յδгģ˵һζĹ˽γȺ壬γгֳ֣Լóףг󣬶͹ӦȣӦں󣬵ȻһЩˣܹǰ㵽ǵ˶ܹơ
ҲһЩˣг󣬴趼ʶ
ȲгͻҪ⣬ֻȥԼǻҲԼղǮ
Գ͢չ˰˷׷׹ţ볤ǹҪôؼҼҪôһ͢
гС࣬ǰó׷ﲻ̳Ӳ˵ǳˣСּ׬ʴ˼Сֲŷǳߵ÷ǳϣ͸㶼УѾ׬ˡ
ڶڸ䣬ͷȫǹԱԱǶΪ͢ɻԼǮĵҪԵģҾͲɻܼѽҪˣ͵ϴȥҪֻһȵģϴԪ꣬帮Ů
⵱û뵽ָ͢Ŀô㡣ΪԳҲû뵽˳ɶ͢ΪӪҲӦǸѽûиɹӪ֪ӪɱһǷǳߵģ²˰Ҳܱ˵ͣΪûвܵĹӪ⹫ҵĶǶɵӣ˭ҲȥԼһ˿Ըɵ£ɣϾҶѵģûûԵģ͹ıһְλٳֽ飬йĹٳ
ǵˣƷҲ۲ѣܼ򵥣û򣬳Ϊгž˶ŻȥţڲһһǮֻҪ֤ԱůУȫڼһ¡
ǴҶѣгͱøС
ʵ㳯͢һɶûãҲ϶ȥ
Գ̱ϣĿ͵ˣˣȫˣ
֣ͨ㶵Գ⻰ʲô˼
Գһۣ⼸۵ĲƸѾһɶҸոսӵϢ̶ݸһεĹģǰЩ屶֮࣬ʱʲôȥǽף
˵棬ϵһ
屶֮ࣿ
֣ͨûҧԼͷ
ԳѵǣΪ֮һЩˣһԭǩϰٵó׺Լȥֲҩģޡëȵȣķչ˼ҶѾŪˣ׼óס
֣ͨʱ˸ǩóô
񳤰˶ѾߵĲˣ͢ӹǵһУȻҲøЩԼҵʱǳ͢мԳ˫һ̯ʲôûˣ˵˵ǮǸ۵Ǯ
ʱԷ֯־󶼻ŵֵסެ֣ͬʱʧ޴֮β˺յĽ飬һǣȥֲëޣһʹԭ˸ǩԼǵĻǻָ
˺յĽ飬ʼȫҵɱȼͥʽ϶Ҫˣģ֪
ֻʱȽϺãԭԸǩԼΪΪЩ϶óȥԼĻôܻڰﳯ͢׬ǮҶѾߵĲˣ񳤰Ҫô£Ҫôȥɽ
ͬģ˸ôģҪΪԭгڣȥĻܱĸԽôԭгǵĻ˷ѣ˭𰡣
¿ˣ֣ͨ㶰ΣԴʷǵøϽ೯͢ó͢
Գü˼ΣôǮ͢һӲ㳯͢óҲһʱ£ҪŪˣɲ룬Ƕ˵£ó͢ϽˣЩˣǾȥóסߣ¶帮ǸɵģȻȡ
֣ͨһóҪʲôĻǵʲô
κⶼعӦģɲݱģյݣҲֻΪһӹתվɲԭϲء
ԳŭЦѾˣʲôپ٣帮ܷʱǽ˶һ⡣
֣ͨǲЩĹô죿ǲܰǣ
ԳҲֻܵȳ͢ǽȥҲòôǮ
֣ͨҲǣ⳯͢ҪǾˡ
չ̫ͣ͢ûвǣΪƳʵǺܸԣģʱҲûи룬ǶǴݵĸⲦǮǮѪ޹飬͢Ҫ˵ĻˣҲôǮ


һ¥
ѽ
ֻһ󸹱ӣҡҡλ̨ǰӣ˵󺰵
̧ͷһһүˡ
æӹ̨߳
Ψ
ڱҵˣ񰲲˰֣ιһְר֮¡
ϾôҲ帮̡
Ψǵһ¥ѾܾûȥˣĪǴӱõطأ
æүԩĸҴӱĵطƣֻϻþƣɶûȥ
˵
Ψǵһ¥ҿĺܣ㿴ЩϵľƣѵԸô
ү㻹˵ˣ˿ɶǴԼҴġ
Ψü˭ˣ˭Ͼ¥ԼҴƵġ
䣬ͼһӸ˽һ˱һ̳Ӿơ
ƺ̫һ㡣
æǰЦӣǴԼҴСľƶȥˡ
ӺߵǵľôһԼҴ˵ţһƱֵﱾһźõӣӽ͡
ǣ롣
ֻصΨǰү㶼ˡ
ΨһѽˣԲǴơ
ɥҪôĻСķ˲˶ȥˣ񲻵Ǿȥ趼ȥˣţҴȥƽѿ
ΨˣֵɣҲҪٹưɡ
ǡ
ûʲôǣҴ˽͹
Ψ˵ת뿪ˡ
㶰Σⳤ̾һ
һ˷˹ɫүվ˵ۣǵľȥŪɵģ͢ľƷ壬Ա̵ܴȥ˭Ⱦѽд
ǰϵһ¥ǮˣڳǮ˳֮⣬ǾǹԱǵĶӡݡ
ߵò࣬ߵҲʡŵġʣµ竹ǾǾ¥Ĵͻ͢ڴģƣڵ˾Ͷܵ帮Ϊ˵õԱǵ֧֣ų͢ĻȥԼ飬ҵ涼һԱǳֹ֧Ӫǳ֧帮ΪкôãˣҲǳɱۣοƳһιӪƶȶ淶Ҳ죬ֿ죬Ҫ̺ôǶҪԽġ
帮͹һ£źջδϽӪʴʲôƶȣȻ˵
һ¥ľҲǴģͬľƣ˼ҷԼѵĲȣﻨǮƣǷô
˵һ¥¥ľƶȥΪǳԼơ
̾ûˡ


1797 Σ
治ǿЦģ治ڳȥˣΪǾ¥룬ƾ׬ʲôǮģȴ׸֧֣͢䱾ƣͲˡ
ңֲǳˣˣ񳤰˶ܣԼûбҪ
ⶼոðͷѾдȥݣ˵Цһǳѵˣ˵زүүͻŸɵȥ͸ɣɲȥͻݣǧҪǿ󱾻һ££¶˾ġ
Ͼȥɣľɣľ˵ԵɣûȥˣҴȥ
ɣľѱҲ󽫵һ¥еǮһɽƱʱ׼뿪
ɣľͲЩԾ⼸Ѿ½½ĽյĸʲתԪȥˡ
ڳǷǳΣյģ帮ֱãԪݣ帮붯ԪеǮȽһЩɣľΨһΪסЩҲ׬׬Ǯνˡ


ˣԴʷǺʱݽˣ
ˣ
帮һͷˮʲôˣ
Ԫ̳Ӳ˵ˣǵͳƣ̳Ӳˣа˳ڳ͢ӡ
帮˫ĿһдԳ췴ôЩҿģ͢ģڳ͢裬ⲻôƾʲôҪǽˡ
ѹû£Ϊ̳ӲˣӦǸõģҲ룬˼ݸǮͶȥģ㲻ǮٸῪȥ
Ԫ껹΢һ㣬СˣԳ˵ѾҲˡ
帮ߵ˵˵ôǮҲҿԳб˽ˣȥ
帮ҪǮǾͻȥש
˼帮ӪΪ׬ǮгǮҪ˵Ҫ
ԪȰˣС֮Գ˵Ҳ޵ݵõݸǮȥչЩȴֻջɵǮǿȷʵһЩѡ
帮˼ǣǽǮǣ
ԪƵҲòôǮԼͷ϶ԽǵǮҲͶȥˣСΪøϽøؽ˰
帮ǳͬͷ˵òȥߴٸؽ˰ϣҽμ̧һЩĿǰ͢ҪǮ
С֪ˡԪһôҿԳȥһҪǮ˱һЩʱա
帮һⲻôɡ
ǹӪص㣬Ǯʱ򣬸ȿֺ󣬳Ǯʱң

ݡ
Գε帮ţǵ帮ĻţĶˣݶѾףǻȥ˰ʵʵдŸû
Ÿոͳȥһ֧Ӵ̶Ӿݡ
һأȫˣΪϻغո¾üƻ֮󣬵һشģóףһֱ˶î㾭ڸɣΪѾ˿ƣҪãǾͲֳ͢ǹˣ뾡취ҪսָԼͳΣǷ֮ʱǸڴݡ
¹ȻһֱڵȣˣҲϽ˹ΪݺյļƻⱾҲס
Ҫɶûɶһ̶ҲԳʲôǽף̸ȥóס
ȥ
أ£ȷʵҪȥģ˳ݻһº飬ֻԼԣֻǴһЩ鱦ҩȥóף󲿷ֵĻﶼݽóף
Գ֪ɣǰʹǹٻؼТȥˣݣڳ

أҵ˴ʧɫ
һֲԤȻ
ҲԳĸ̸ûǮ̸ƨѽֻѯһºõȥˡ
ֵܣ̫Ծ
淺ǵ
˹׵ǲ̫ԾǺܲԾǰǶôķ٣ȥ濴ֱߵкچ̫涼ѾˣǰһЩѣ񶼲֪ȥ򣬾СּŶѾݣȫǳ͢ӹܡ
̵ЩǵǹܲţֻȫȥǳɱҪӲ٣ǴҶóף¹ȻΣǵ⣬϶ݽóףȴҪȥզ찡
أҵңô֪ؼǺС粻ûеװ
˹׵һ㣬ҲȥҪȫ˻ȥǸѪ޹ģһؿǴ˲ٻǵָǻȥʱǴȥƸ
̵˵˶ˣһȥҲҲˣǿǺã
ԭó׵Լɶг͢ģʵҲˣǾȥҳܲ͢ǿֻȥɡ
˵ò벻룬ⳤǷȥɡ



ɣĿѾˣĿ
һԱһĿݸʦ
ʦӹһɵۣôôʣôһأ
ǹԱǰΪ͢ģչ˵ǶǹĲǮг͢ڸؽӪ̺ǵʱʵΪһЩ˰ϣۣ߳͢͢еĽ裬ùټϹԱٺ»˲٣һֱôǮ֧ţٲǮϣٺ»¶ˡ
Ҫ֪ƳĹⲢУľʱȫܱȡʱڣΪͽⶼˣԵ峯ϱһǮĩڴ߾ˣεʱѡɶ֮ۡ
ָһЩҲǺܿԣճλ飬ǺյҪǾߣˣǰգ˵ҲһЩΪ˰˶ˣҲǺֳֻܶ࣬һƣҪ֪յʱû˰˵кܴռ䡣
һתûӹһֱ֧󣬹Ŀܿͳˡ
ҪһȺݰ̫쿪ˣûһõģҲˣȻֻΣﶮʲôãۣǱеͲԱٺ»ŽӪʡңƳӪһҵûʲôóףʱ˺ӶûУȥǶΪʱҪγɹӪǷǳѸٵġ
ƳĻͱ÷ǳӣΪյߣҵһֱֲ̫Ըȫ˽Ӫ㴿ĹӪֺ֧յߣô帮ֻȥչģ߱˹ţ͢͢ǴɱԶȺӪҪߵöѽ
һ֮ǰµĸΪѧԺʼѵӪѧԺ֣ʲôҪǮļҵ׾ô࣬һǮһǮ£쾵ۻҪ쾵ôɣ峯ǮʱҲǣƳĹ庺ȣˣطؾ͸ˣֲ͢Ǯǿ棬չ˰ЩҪҪȾ͵ͶǮȥ˼ֻ˰ȥš
ͱøˣ֧ҪǾǹˡ
ʱһԱ첽˽ɣݴʷһ⼱
ʦźһźһģڲҵǱСˡ
һ˿ϣǾΪ˰ֺͻǲеģһͳһĲţҲ֪ǱߵǱ׬Ǯˣܹϵģ帮ҲôģȹӪ֮̿Ǯˣͻӯˡ
ʡ
飬ô£
ʦԳź嵽帮İ칫ڣ帮ʵ
帮ȴ֪ɣ˵ʲôأ
ʦݴʷźһȥˣɱ˵㲻֪źдҪǮġ
ԭ°
帮ͷ֪ѵкβôҿûвݵȨⱾǻְ𰡣
ʦ飬ɲ˵ô˵ĻǵӣʱǿҲûҹǻһֱֱģû˵ҪˣҵǻˡҲ㣬ݴʷûźҲ㣬ǻѾŪüˣ㵱ŵĿɶδж֡
帮ȵôܣôûǮ
ʦߵøؿ־֣չ˰ֳӪ̺˲˽ҪǮʱҾ͸˵ûôǮøȽ˰յţȵǱ׬ǮˣǮأһǮûп
帮æҪѾ̽˰ϣȵ˰һѶӭж⣬ұ֤̽Ǯϡ
ʦԸˣֻ㣬Ǯٺ»ˣʱԼȥ½ɡ


1798 
ӪʵҲȻǰڿ϶Ͷʣǰ곯͢ͶʣΪ֮ǰûйӪĻҪ޵УҲȻγɵһжΪģͻȻȫӪ϶Ҫһ̵ģطҪӪҪ棬ԼԱȵȡʲôҪǮʲôҪʱ䣬ҹӪֲںɱԼǮִȫԣ֪Ͷж
Ҳûó帮֮ԿԵõҵ֧֣ΪҶ֪ƶǰƷǿ϶ܹ׬ǮģڳӯģҹԱܴлͶ룬ֱǾţһëңӯ˺ܶ㣬Ҳû׬ʲôǮôȻܹӯǸҲӦӯ
ҲӦҪʽؼҲڽ꣬ǽ궼Ѿ룬ûؽǮ͵
帮ҲһЩżˣŴͨѶֲҲ֪طʲô
ܣⲻܡ
ȥ飬ȱżҿһĸطˣտ벻ѽû˰ղҿøϽȥһ¡
帮ѾȥˣǼˣҪ֪ĸ쵰ڴһĲ
ͻȻһЦĳ嶯


Ԫң
үүȥˣ͢ûнᣬѾǷǲǮǰɴδģ㿴ǲǵȥʡ
Ԫ޷ǳƵĳԪ㱨
ǰԪʱǾõʱ򣬽ˣ⵵£̫ƽˡڼԪʵһˣԪΪгѾ͢ӹܣԶԣɶ뵺ԪҶԣΪҪ
ԪЩɥ˵ܸ͢Ǯ⳯͢͢Ҫˣ
Ԫ׺ߵǵȻȥҪѽǸˣҪǮ˭ﳯ͢ɻҿôͣɣȵ͢ˣٸ˻
Ԫֵһﳯ͢ġ
ԪΪĵ˵öԣǳţǿɵ÷ǮЩģ͢ҲȵţҲûôǮ棬ҹмֲԪһҵģҲҪ̫¡Ԫޣȥʣʲôʱˣ⣬Ҫǳ͢ˣǾͲ
Ԫ޵үү»ûڹܣһֱ帮Ůڹܡ
Ԫ帮ʲôˣȥֻȡ裬ǹǮĵطǵȻȥҪǮ
帮ôʽμ׾ǾǷţܲľͲҾ帮Ϊˣ᲻ỹʵһ⣬оûгһ˵ʵ帮ڱ˵ĲƸʵǱңΪʲôҪչޣֻʵҳ͢ҪǮ͢ȡһֶ˵ң̳ҲԸ뿪磬ţôȥҲŲ˶ˡ

¡
Ȼûϴȷһݽ
ƽٵݺ˽⣬Ҳ˺ܴ鷳͢ɽź͹мŵ˶᲻ˣмѾ͢ˣͲٷɽҲˡ˸ƣ󲿷ֵ񶼾ͽ˽ˣǶģ͢˵γȥ¾ĹԱûзԡ
ƽɫƽӦûֻǸոտʼŻиľϲں档Ǳ׼ô
еͷѾ׼׵ˣѾɽ˴ʳԼؼ۸֮ʱǼҵػòٵͭǮһжǰ㣬ȵջ»ع鵽棬ǵĲƸҲӸʮڰٱ
ϲ£˳紬Զ˵ʤɹ
ֵɣǺ޷˽
ƽŵӦòдҲ̫ˣҪ˵ҵǸӼһҲǺյĶ֣㻹ǫѧϰ
е֪Ҳһֱѧϰ
Ȼѧϰ棬Ƿǳǫģȷһֱѧϰյ

˾ո
Сֶݼ
һʮӣĹǰߵ״
ֶ
أһһ̣ȴǳ顣
ԭ죬УˣĸߵĽָ߾ʱսɳŮǷǳչ˵ġ
ֶôͻȻأʵ
еСֶСֶˣЩ岮У򲮸ѯһµġ
˵Щݡ
ʲô£˵
еģѧԺûжã°ͻȻˣعٸ˵ûǮˡ
£
еͷ
΢΢üϷҲɣڸסϼգϷȥʡ
ľɶĽԲǾû˵Ľͻ϶£ԼȡһġѧԺǸ˵ĸȻʲô£ΪĴɲӲ㲻Ե޹ʾǾĸ
С£ҲԳ棬Ǿͽ˼ĸȥ
˼գ̵¶ȥ֪ԭ򡣡
æʵ㻹˵
͢ûǮˣ
㡪⻰ʲô˼Щ±ơ
˼ĵǳ͢ûǮˣѧԺˣЩڽѧԺҲȫͣˡ
͢ôûǮ
˼Ц⺢ɾͲˣ֪µȥ帮ǣֻ֪ǰѧԺľߣЩˣ˶߹ˣ˭ǮѧԺֻɳ͢洫Գ͢мźɽŵ˷ѸѧԺ͸Ӳö˵
Ȼô
˼ĺǺǵ˼꣬ͱ帮͵ĻǲС
Сֻ𣿡
˼ĸϽɫһûС

˰֡
Ԫӣʲô˼Ҳͳ͢Ļ
ԪԪʵ
ԪȥҵĻʦôûҵķݣ帮һ̰ȥˣǮ¾;ңʦȥ帮ó㶨ʲô
帮һԪҲţԪȥ㶨¡
Ԫ޿ɥټ࣬ǲǲﳯͣ͢ǳ͢Ѿûнˡ
͢ǵǮô
ҪЩǮǹмѾǮЩ˵ǲǮǾͲˡ
ٸһףԪжǮһ᲻֪
ǹмֲԪҿģʿ嶼зݲ룬ǶӦԪҲ޿κѽ
͢ƣҲư
мŲԪԼԪҲ£мȫǹʿ塢ŷɵģҪܹһȫ򷭣ݡ
ѽѽҪ͢ԣУ͢ԼŪҪˣǵĴͷͷðɣ͢ҪͷջǵĴֻһ³Ǿ˵ա
ԪָԪ޵ñ
Ԫ޴ײֹţ˷Ѷ㻹촬䣬ȥ㰡ңҿǱøƳġ
ԪȻŲԪޣһʱΣ㻹վ
Ԫ޹һȻˣί˭Ƿ˭Ǯ
ԪصУ̸еĽ帮
дԪҵˣǾĲǡ帮ŭУһǮõ˰֮Ҿ̽£ˡ
Ԫɽź͹мŶǵΡûȥء
帮üǾȷţȵǮ˵
ǺãϧǮңңڰ
ȥˣŸյݣͽȥˣǸϽͨ
үСѾȫԭǵĻûȥضǿġ
ʲô
帮һΣЩεȥǾǮѽôܣѵնóô
үС飬ض˽˽ΣСݶֲ˽ΣΪǵļ۸ǱһЩʴˣնѡ˽Σǵκóȥ
˽Σ
帮ʱסˡ


1799 
һֱ֮ͭ⣬Ƴ͢¢κҵҲǲκʴ֮ǰշΣ˷ΣǶǺ󣬳ֻ͢˰˰գʱҲ˺ӵþǴӽʳչ˰ҲԼԼ棬˷
Ҳ˵ʲôǺϷġȻҪЩΥƷĻǾͲ˽
һУˣʴ˽ⶫڴưУǶǷǳңԶ顣˽ΣʵԼ˽ΣΪǰһֱûȻļұ˾ļҵġ
帮ֲݰö̫ѹҲû뵽һ£˽ʱ򣬵һӦǷ㶡
ѳһ亹̱ϣ֪롣
һÿǷǳģ帮·ǰһֱڶڻ͢ҪӪʲôʲôΣ֮ǰ͵͵ں߿ιһɫūԿ̫ͣ˵ֱǴͣںߣֻҪץֱϴ·˵ڵˣȵ͢ĻأǿʼɢҲȳ͢Ļ˶٣ͱôһ㣬һڰնԣǷǳˡ
֪͢ô棬ڶֻҪʽزȥǾͲˡ
帮Ϊƿ϶óȥ¢֮󣬼۸һ㣬Ǿ׬ǮʴˣǺľ˹⣬ȥӪȻʽ޷Ƿһƨծ
帮̣ȫͲ֪ô죬ǣϽȥ
ԭˣԭˡ
üƶ˵Ǯôٳٻûлԭڴ˽
帮ɵþȾѽ
ҪżȻҳڣֻҪ֢ҩɣϽøعٸ˽˽ţһϳͲܹϢ
ԪżǮزǱ߶ûһͱǱȥ
Ҽ˵
΢һţҪ׷˭ҲӲ˸ϵȥ˵˵ٿһЩʱգҲ¸Ǳ֤ǮһƶΪǾƻģϾһͲһ
帮Ǯ
ǰ˰ա

帮Щɵû˰Ȩ
ܼ򵥣ֻҪøؽ˰ȫϾﶼѾȥˣ˵ҲӦýǮͻ˽ԼҲԴȻӲ氵ʾǿ˰գһġֻҪ˰նˣôɰȹѹأǱߴЩ˽Ǯܿͻʱ˰նܹ׬ϾЩɶڣǿɾǮѽһ㵹Ǳ·ˣҲġ
帮˵ͷʱûбѡҪǲϣˣͻٶһѡ
̬̫̽ˣʽûתգʱ˶ˣֻҪǾ´󼪡
һδƽһ
˽˰Ÿոշȥ̶ӵϢѾ˳
ʲô̶ӣ
帮ԴγģӦǳٶۡ
ԪϽ̶ӵȥ֪帮
帮󣬻˺һżôһ£ΪһóףҪ˺֮óף͢һ˶ѣǵãöǺյŪģȥҺգʲôȥǣǻȥڿ𡣡
ԪҲûа취ȷʵûǮˡ
ûǮ˼أҪǲЩȥûˣô;ˣһȥô׵£ⲻͨóףǹغóף˽ӹܣһʲôˣ϶Ҫϴơ
أֱȾǩԼģһȥôȥ
˶ˣܲܲɣ
帮ԪȥӼǣ帮У˱Ǳ㻹ˣ͸ӱˣŲԽӼ
λѵûյ͢ţ
ԪأǱʵ
أҵյˣ²ôǩõԼǲһ仰ͷڰ
ԪǸЩǩԼֲǸ͢ǩԼ
أҵǸҲЩˣʱǩԼʱɳ͢Ϊֻҳ͢
ʲô͢Ǻõɣ
Ǻյǻ飬Ǵַ͢ˡ
Ҳ֮£Ǳҳ͢ȥߣܷó͢ô
У
ۣ
أҶ챻Ԫ̸ЦˣôۣҸɴסˡ
ɲУҪԼǻȥôȥ񽻴
ô֪һ£Ͳˡ
ȵ¡
һ¹Ȼ̵վסԪ꣬ټ࣬¹ȻǿǸǳ͢ǩԼ
ԪбĿһƳҪûҴƵ¹ȻֻͱެˣЩҲ׬ȡǮһЩ鷳ѵͲ½һô
ô㶲¹Ȼ붼ڴƾӵıУɲҴƺѽ
Ԫ˵뿪Щ˿ЩֻˣƲʲô˵ģ˵ˣҧѽ
أҵ˻ҧϼڣ̫۸ˡ
ģ̫Ȼ͢˲ԼҲᳯ͢Լɰɡ
أҲǿŭȱż취ܵýЩȥȻĻ
̵ϸ磬û˵Ļ͢ҪԼ
أҵֻһԱôҪõµ׿ڴ𸴡
˹׵Ǿ˵ڳ
أ΢΢üȥһˣȥҰʷǽƃΪ
գأҾȥҵɣľ
ɣľϸ磬ô
أһɣľ˵ֱӿޣΪҪ
ɣľֵ̾ܣҲǣǲ֪ұѱǰĪ
Сأ
أҼ
ɣľؼТȥˣδ
أҵϽлѽ
ɣľЦɱ
ϣǺãǺð
أҼֳˡ
ɣľҲֻܺοţֻһߣʲô취ôҲԲ°
أҼûʲôƣҲֻʧ뿪
ո뿪߳һ
ɣľ磬㷽ŲΪζұΪ¶ġ

ɣľһ㶣ô˵
ЦҿɲǵģԼġ
ɣľʲô˼
ǿ˿⣬ȷû֮󣬲ŵѾ֪ߵΪʱ᧿Σأҵ˱ų͢һôʱ帮пܻѡӽдܲôǽеǮɶǰյǮ帮ǮߣȻųϢտ϶ǽȡǮһпܻٹţ帮ҲͲûһǮ
ɣľþһ亹ȫû뵽滹ɱУҪоͳ꣬ﶼˣǶӦ֮ߡ
Цİ취ȽһЩϢɢȥðնǮȡߣʱ͢ǮʹҲûǮ衣
ɣľͷҿˣĻȥ
ЦҴǶ㡣

˾ո
˾գɲѽ¶ǳ͢µģ˼ҴŻˣ͢ȴ򣬶һεóףԶҪ͢سŵһңʱ͢һУҷ𣬶ҳ͢϶Ҫѵ֧ҲƱǮҪöడ
ƃͰʷ̸֪֮
ǱǱߵˣƳΪ٣ǵȻϣͳһڷˣҲԼ˿սǱѾųݻ͢سŵǾ·һ֮⣬ֻ췴ȫٵ
һֱ帮Ϸ򡭡
ƃ̫˽ԸϺһֻҪ̫ģֱӱָ˾գʱ㻹ôУͶŰɣʱʲô£ҾܣԼȥʰɡ
ʷЦûŪãҴǧˡ
˵꣬˱ȥھеǷǳߵģƽʱǻǶѾʱˣʲôأҪǽӣʱǳ棬ûаæкĿȥˣѹҲǡ
ʱЩţϽλҺʱ˵ˡУȥ帮ʣȥЩˣǱ𼱣͢һسŵġ


1800 Ȩ
ԸǾƲʹµģΪǺ֪֮ģ֪Լֻ̣ǲУƺЩǾԶ֮ñˮ
ڳ͢ɼѽ
Ǳ޿ɱܣʵǰѾĸ¶ԴǷǳغֱӰ֮˵ûެ϶ֵģǳ͢ôҲһƤֹܻҪ֪ƳפȻ࣬ΪУܲǱ߽ʿİΣ
ֻȥ帮ʸףҽϵ帮ǿɲͨˣ͢ԼĻʱ⣬ɵ
帮ǰпȥˣæýͷöԳ棬帮òؿǴ¡ǰò˵ʦЩĹ٣Ƚҳֵұ֤һὫϣǱȥأøعٸ뾡һа취˰ǮϣٸΨһİ취˰
ʦҲ֪ͱʵȥǶѴ̣ҲӦٸ帮һЩʱա
û뵽ֿʼڣ帮¾ͱȥֻ֤һǮƽһȺˣȱš
Ҳ뽫ִҲʹӦ
ǣ͢òôǮ˰ҲҪʱġ

ţһƣɽȼü֮
ЦΣҡ
帮ϲѣ˵
ǳܹóôǮģΨһҡ
Ԫ˵ĪԪң
ҡҡͷȣԪҲܹóôǮΣԪõó͢ƾʲôԪҳǮ
帮Ƶǲ֪˵ǣ
С
У

ƶ˽⣬˶Ǯ浽棬࣬ΨнпóôǮҽб׬֮нǮ˳˵볯͢һֱкҲ˼ֻܾ͢Ҫ֧Ϣɡ
帮ඥһ㣬ѽôû뵽С
ЦҪż˵꣬Ǯ˵ǽ裬ʵãûġ
帮û
ֻȽǮȻٽϢȥǮͲù黹ˡ
帮òǺܶ
һ԰̾ҲΪˣԼ֣Լ⡣鲻룬еǮɶǰյǮǺյǮ֪нǵǮ֮͢󣬻ʲôӦ
帮룬ϽȥȡǮ
ЦǽòǮ
帮Ȼ򣬼Ŵȵ֮ԣ̫ˣ
̾ԪȥУ̸Ǯһ¡
ǵԪʱⱱѾվˣҪﶼף˵ڡ
𼷣𼷣
ġ
ġ

λС绹Ǹʲô
Ԫ곯һʵ
Ӵ㲻֪ôнȥǮ˶ѾΪˣСֲǵøϽǵǮȡҲ˵ˣҪȥȡǮˡ
ԪգҪѪˣҲûа취ֻܺƤȥɣľ
ټݹ٣ɣľʧԶӭˡˡ
ɣľͷ󺹵ң˵ʱ΢΢Щ
Ԫ֪ʵɣľǳʲôأôôˣ
ɣľһ֪ĸ쵰©˷ҽл˵¸˳ȥ°նȡǼˡ
˵棬Ǵֶ㡣
Ԫ꾪ȵĴԶģ
ɣľɥҪǼٵľͺˣҲóˡ⼸꾭ò˶ˣǿɶҽн˲Ǯ
ԪգҲö˵ʲôΪŪģ̽Ǵô죿
ڴȥԪҿܷ赽һЩǮиңȥԶ
ɣľ˵ʣݼʮֱ档
ʵ㹻ǮӦһΣΪһֱǳעؽеԼɣľһҪеˣҪ֤㹻ʽԼΣȡǮҲһ̵ģлдȯĶһ˵һӾܹȫȡߣǱֲиϢȥΣʵУǽб
ɣľԪʵˣټ࣬ҲȡǮô
Ԫ㶰죬Ȼ˵ͷ
֪˵Ҳǰ˵ԼȥǮﻹǮǰ
ȻԪûϵǣеļΣǳƵľΣ
Ϊǿǳı־ҵ棬䵱ŷǳҪĵλҶͨתģжɲȥˣҶڳǳ׸е
ղѣҲˣΪʵǲǳ
кͱĵ̶ʼ̹ţǰֻŵ궼ȥˣһҲʼӡ
ʱ򣬴ҶѰԱﻹܹ˵
Ҫǣڲ֣ӪǰѾˣҲɣϣǰѾӻĲˣ⼸¶Ƿŵģֻ˵ʱ˻״Ҳ֪ΣֻΣʼҪʣһҪʣûǮԭڰ׸ɣҶϸɻˣЩ˶ɻ帮ﶼ˲ȥѩϼ˪Ӫ˲
е©ƫҹ꣬мšɽţԶţＯţԼȵ볯͢ծϵģҲȥ͢׷ծ
ôһ׷ծǳΣͿ϶סˣǮĻôǷôǮ˵Ĺʶ֪ԭ͢ûǮˡ
̱֮УŵأЩˣڿɶǵĳ͢᲻ԼǵԼĻﱻΪ˲ӿҵ
ƃֱɾǵĻ
帮ڣһҲڲزסˣڲָϢ̴˳ȥ
ͱ˵ˣԱûɻˣٺ»һɸƨ
һȫԵľΣڱˡ
ѩƬķȥ
ǾΪḶ́һֱڳԿôĹٸˣƃʷǶ֪帮óǮ൯帮ˡ


檲μ¡
ֻûһ
ﻰδ䣬һ۾Ľ¡ͷ̧ۣͷȵĿΡ
ζֻԼɡ
ŵһûдӰ߳æһһ߿һǻô
ҲֻôƤӶ
̧ͷĿΡ
͵һӣָ޵㣬㣬ôر޵ģǺڣˡ
ﾪֵ£ԩѽ檶Դһ֪
ŭЦЩ߲Ūô˵һ֪
ҲɵˣȫûͷֻмȱһƵãտʼԤ֮УûһӾͱˣҲ̫һ㡣
޵ôƶˡ
οľǸѽ㶼ûڹ£ŭһȻ˳ȥ
ô£⾿ô£
ֻһͷĿѣЩҵñϵŮ澲ס
¿ɱĳҪصĶ࣬ǸǸ˶Թ˽˸飬ֻҪԼңʵҲѺĵλϾ棬д󳼺ͰնվߵģΪĴ󳼶ǼȵߣǲϴƵġ
²ͬɶŪҪǳ⣬ɵøȫΰ
ңƺôһ㣬ܷ񸺵𣬶һ⡣
·һҹ֮Ҫ
ȥ뺫ջ
仰ĴӪĸǿˣˡ

ȥɡ
˵ףȨҪģ䣬ʵҲȨᣬǵΪһŮˣ֮£ǿסģ̲סΪֱӰ쵽Ļλ
ңλһֱϣ߳׵ӰӰδ߳͵ȥˣ˺̫ˣ˵첻أƶ·һ
ȨǾ
ζûг͸ű˾Σ
ΪںյľüƻУһֱǹҵģǾãΣ񳤰̱⣬ĽҲټΣ
ⳤʽһϣѱ̾ͱΣΪϵ̫У¥ǿģҲкܶӪͬҲʣΪʽûл
İһˣ˵ǮŶҳˣг͸Ҳɲȥˣ˾ֻܳߣһߣʧҵӪԭڳܹӯģˣҶֻĿ֮Уⲻ˵ɱ˭ͿԽģûǮˣҶ֪ǮȥˣҲ֪ʲôɰձ÷ǳֻš
ĿֻǽһʹΣıԼΣøӿֲ͡


1801 ȫ
ʵԶеĻҪصĶ࣬ΪֻǿطĻ»ѪⶼӰĻλŪãҶˡ
ֻ֣طϻȽϰĻʵǿԲȵģϾСũΪһһطľΣ˲ȫ硣
źǣ帮ǸĽ飬õطǰ˰СһǷǳǳھڱ䱾һΣֱӵرҪ⣬ھǽȫˡ
Ϊڳ͢ȷӪ֮󣬸عٸ̾ͱ÷ǳܣⲻǸ˵⣬ϵ⡣帮õط˰ȵſ֧˰Ͻˣ㻨ȥţˮǿ֪ģ帮ûôȥලأɳȥˣҲһЩ֮ˣ͵عٸһǮûа취ǵϴУᰡ
ʴˣصطصǰͶʵǷǳģϽǮùˣܼ򵥣˭ﳯ͢ʡǮǮڲֿ棬Ǿǳ͢óȥԼģ˭óȥʵҪôǮЩԱΪֻҪξһ۸һ㣬Ǯܿͻģܻᱻ鵽Ȼ̡
û뵽ǣμ۸ողſʼǣηӾͶðˣն˽Σ˭ȥΣٸζڲֿ档
ʽתǻϱΪҪǸѱյôûа취ʱ帮ʾǿǰ˰
帮˰ΪֲծعٸծģصĹٸżëƣǰ˰ԸģҲ¡ͬʱҲﱸ˽
ҪǱȽѵģƳĹٸǶСٸû̫֣ΪǰҪɵҲ࣬Ҫ˽Ҫ֣һҲвôǾȥʿһͬ˽
ȻǸûϵЩʿ𡢵ѾΪ׵˽ˣΪ֮ǰ͢ûϵ˽ûг̨ⷽɷǱȽϿɵġ
ͬģʱЩʿ𡢵ҲûϵʱΪЩǮǣҲǷͱոƽȥˡ
͢Ҫ˽Ǿ˽ǺùٸͷŰ´Ҳǲܵģֻһߵڣڶոˡ
Ҳ˵ٸڸ˽δ˽
ôܻЧ
Щ˶ǳŴڻǷˮ𰡣
ǳ̵ǣЩˣҲЩۻۣʵûЩʿ𡢵İæܳô죬ҲûôˣΪǶǵͷߣڵصǳ˽⣬ҪڱɢǷǳѸٵġյ˽ھũΧУΪڳڣٸǱȽǿƣʿȽǿƣ˽ζǴӿڵģûȥ顣
͢ʼģ˽ʱյ˽ŶͻȻЩǷǳмѽ׬ùˣҲ̫붥
ǰǿˣ˽ʵڰյģȻǰμҪ٣ǱȹλҪˣϾҪҹΣ˳׬ǮĻٸΪǮ۸̧÷ǳߣͻȻû˽Σμۿžȥˡ
μȥ֮۸žǣʲôˡ
ʵ˽ֻǼεĳƷ˽ڼУֻǴһͷѣкܶ˶˽ݵĻȫأ˽ʵֻǱ˰ѣԱǸˣҲΪʲô˰ҲȥҲʼǼۣ˽ҲֲǷ۸ȥˣҷմˡ
⵹ҲˣǹٸҪǰ˰Щط˰յ˫ش
ⶼûȥˣҪôϽ˰Ҫôߣ˰ðչ̶ϣ˰շ׷׳ӣû˰ҹٸ˰ʿʿȻӦǰ˰ƾʲôѽûд̣Ҫ˰ʿҲȥˡ
˰Ǳ߻Ա˽˶÷ʣԽԽأҲ˲ˣѾҳһࡣ
طġ
һݣһݡ
طûܵӰ죬˱÷ǳԣЦǣݺΨһܵأΪǽ˰ȫˣûǷһǮһ˰Ƕʩ͢е˽Σֻһ˼һ¡
ȻݺݽǮˣǾûҪȥݡݽ˰Ϊûɰ
ⲻ֪ʵ˽ŶΪתһһתݺݵĹٸǴһӵģǳĬݵĻתһתȻ۵ȥ˽ͷͷȫ̷Ž˽ͷĿ
һլУڲϽ̸ӵζȣ˶̫ȤԣҲǸζǵǶϷӸȤ
㰡ǲ֪Щʿ𿴵µСܶµҪٱȥΡʹ죬̫ʹˣ
ȱ̫硣
̷ΪļƻŽеһ룬۶Ѿ̧ߣҲǰ˰˫ش£ո֧Ų˶áڻȥͷʾЩøϽ沢أʧ
ŽӦòʲô£ǲȥǣҲôɵģЩĵĺܡҺƣΪʲôҪôЩһֱڸԣɶƻǶ棬˽ΣǿǴ׬һȥǼ沢أ׬һʣ벻ס
ҪܹףͲøǻһˡ
˵Ҳԡ

ڽһׯ԰С
ǮǷѽ
յݲõļףׯ԰棬ζȣĽǼʡ
ǮԸҪǷˣǴ͡
һԵҲǷǳĽĿǮ󷽡
ǮЦʲôƣֻ׬һСǮѡ
ׯ԰ɲСǮ

ȷСǮǮǷ˴ƣΪݡľ̡
ʱǡó͢չ˰ֹƣⳤľƶյľƷͷؿǮִǮᣬһӾͷˣؼݣõطͲܷƣΪ󲿷ֵ˽Ŷݣ˽ֱӴƣȥأ֪ģװֻ֪ǱƶѣҪɹ˰˭ǮҾ˭ｨѪȫǸ߾ūɵģûûҹĸɣľ˼Ҷһܲ
ʳϵľƿɶǳľƷ
͢ľƿ϶󣬱Ͼ͢ʲôɱߣЧ˽˵ûȡ
ټ˽ŸʿĹϵʿҲǵľƣڻơ
ļ̽ǮǲǺС֧ʲôа
ʱ򣬺СТԼҵ˲ﻹ˵ҰǮ˵ŻһתһֱţСȥģҾȥģһûԴӺСȥУﵹЩˡ
ļĺܲζѽǰǼһ棬ɲһˣ⼸궼û׬ʲôǮ
ǻ᲻óгûиǮһһԣҺգЧֳ˼Ҷʼסׯ԰ˣݴǹԱÿͿ
ûа취Ǯ󷽾˲ǮΪݵĴﶼٸаǺܴæչɺãǾ͸ãǮôչɸʲôʽ̵λݳھаѧԺȫǳĿţȳĶ࣬ΪǮ̫ˣǵȻԼŮܹ飬Ҳȱ˲ţ˲ܡ
ܱ߻ʩøȥ
԰Ҳڽ쵱С
ݵѾ˳Ѽ¼ܶΪ˽˲ƣʵֻһͷˣ̷̷ˣһһȥģû¢һУܶ˽ţЩ˽ˣǮ̫ˣҽղ֪£ǮͻѣõȻá
⾭úã˲šܣܱߵЩʿҲסܣҪס̫ԶҲ֪ǣǾˣҾݵˣȥɸҲڼ׬öడ
Ǳߵԭ϶ֱߺ·ȥ˭𰡣
ߺϣ˰ýɣݹٸܣôĺߣô˰
͵ӵʽϡ
չǷǳѸٵġ
ݶԣݾͱȽϵ͵һЩʵǮϾݣֻǻɫгݵİնŬĸɻǲ֪ԼƷ۵ȥˣҲܣֻǮҪٻصǰ
ݹٸ
ʷְ֮ٺ̻س
ȥˣݡ
֪أ
ҲΪֻ˵ȥҴ׳ĺɽ


1802 
ˣ
ȫˣ
һΣԾ˵ٶȫǣ͢˰ҪңǾɹˡ
Ӫ治ô򵥵ģҪӪȣԵطҪмǿĿǾƳƶȶԣǷǳɵģҵشϡһصĹٸǶСҲô˰ɵʿȥ˰Ĺ⳯͢ͻȻҪӪֻܴˣЩֶݬ룬ӣҲֻǻڷԣбרҵʿ
ЩݰЩ˽ӢǱŪķݣʿԼ˽ٸΪ
һ˽ô׬ǮҲȥһҲûзԣ͢Ҫ˰ǡ
İտʼһ˰©˰ķ͸ˣ͢͸˰ٸôˣٸҲƵȥ㲻ʣҾͶɻǲɻ˽Źᣬ߹ᣬǮ׬ֱӶŹȥ˽˽͸ӲⱣطٸٹŵľ
ڲϵĶѭ
صģǹҲĳ֡
һûǮûа취֧ԮطǵطֻԼɣҲʲôƶȣôǮǾô¡
һЩβصĹٸԼҲ˽
ڴӳȥκĻԼطʣʲ˽˵棬ЩԱֱЯӣ֪ܲˣôѩϼ˪
񡱵帮֪ѾҳֻԼŲЩյڲϵ߸ؽ˰ϧЩطԱ֪ȥˡ

֮
ӣﹺһ
źС˵͸Ƶá
֣ޱȾȣҶڽʳ˭ô·ѽʲôˣ
ŵҲǳˣԽϵġ
֣мɫ죬ü˵⾿ô£
һڣӦ˽
֣д㶰ΣѵͿѽ˽ǷΪⲻҪڲôҲ棬͢ϴôô˽ˡ
ҲȥˣӣôѾҲˣ֮ûвˣңһֱЩѵöŲˣ㻹ڼѧԺôȥк𡣡
֣̾ҵҲΥ֮¡
ŵҲûΥѽ˰ǮһǮɶû٣ǴԷⱾǺϷģôȥǸҲûйϵǹҲĻǽκһǻˣп˽ģǹӺβ͹ˡ
֣оȻ˵ƿԡ
ʱ㻹˼ԭǶû֮˰󻧣ֲּ֣ˣ䣬ǰ׬ã඼۽ȥˣҪûдɣǼֲôá
ֵӣЩС˲֪Сֻ֪ǧ˵ǿҪӣ͵֪ȫС
֣Σ̾˿ðɣ㿴Űɡ
帮֪帮ǵѪ´ø˽Խ˽ԽⱣѾ˽ˡ
Ӳ֪ǣ㱻˴Ǯ͹أЩ˽ˣǳǮȥģΪٸǮҴ㣬ʲôò֪ץ˽ֲǮҸ˰ҾͻҪǮˣൣΣƨ¡
ɳ͢õóǮԹ˲Ͼκ¶Ѿʧȥ˿ơҲʼʶԣɲǵô򵥣˾ͿԽ⣬ΣѾǵΧڣϽ棬ϵȥƃǣһҪסҵĻǴƿľˣʲô첻ˡ
ڸϻس·ϣ¾һһûͣԼļѽڶһʲô״ϵĴߴٸ·
ϣˣǵεӶ⻹޵ĳǴƵ׶
ضǣҰһ㣬ڳⶼһǰĳǣһƬȫţʱ˭ҿţһľ⣬ԿҵһعصһҶʣ˶Ѿˡ
ǵ̹ţһЩСöˣ㷹һڣ۶ɻˣΨһãǱ˶ſԱҲѽҿš
ҪǷ֣ǻ˵ùȥûз֣Ūû°ս
ÿҪˣ
Ҫ̫죬ƺһԤ׶ûУ֪ôˡ
ʵԤ׵ģǵʱθﶼΪ쳾¾ţעЩ£ȵǷӦѾΪʱһΣ̫ˡ
ʹ
帮ʦ¬һҪվڵ⣬ͷҪȥˣ̧ͷƺˡڵ֪λعϢ̶˹ûΣʱ򲻼У帮ǿ϶жεģҶ±Ϊ˭𣬹ʴǶҪΣҪν¡
帮Ҳ׼
λ¸ոջǳƣۣȻȥټǡ
帮ǵ˰죬͵ȵŵʤôһ仰
Ҳûǿ󣬾ͻȥˣ˭ûмҲܹǿܡ
ϧβ˭ûмȻǳƣʱﻹ˵ЩǵӼһˣ˾ʵ֮ǰѾ˽뵽ǵ
˾գѾ֮ʣΨһܹľ˾ˡ
Ǻˮ˵Ҫˣһôõľ棬ͨ
ϽϳԸΪ¸Ϳء
գǼΪжŪҲΣǶޱҳϣҲûй˵Щνֵ񳤰ôвܾͻᷢ䣬Ϊ֮ƣֻܳӣܿסơ
֮⣬þӽӹܣöѾ̱ˣûжûɶ
ϳȭһֵǱ£Ͼα겻αϳ¸ϽոٻĿǰҲֻа취
Ҫ֣Ȼ岻ݴǣǾ÷棬治棬ⷽ棬ÿ˶ԺóϷ
εѾȥˣǺݣһʱܸϲ
ֵǱ´ʱҲӦżɡԲߣ
ùЦ
£ʱЦó
Цڿѽ˾գ޵ǣż꣬͸Ū޻ҪǸʲôûйˣʱҲټǣȻᴫʱȽǵһְڼҸ޵ţɾӷǵĸۡ
˵棬ҧгݡ
æ£˾򲻿ѽǶְǡ˭¶ȹѹء
ѾˣЩСҲǣٻҲܱڻ
մŭûмô쭵ģҲҶ˵ϳ
ʱŵʤ˽£Ǳˡ
μջأ
ŵʤҡҡͷ£ȥ˵ʱѾЯ޶ȥˡ
У
˰Σ֪˵ʲôǺãʶڼТ𣿡
£Тˣ˵Ѿȥˡ
СӣʲôʱȥУƫƫڹ档
μò˹ȥ
ҲżĿǰΨкп˶ָϣæʵ֪ȥأ
ݴʷ˵յʱߵʱֻ˵ȥһҴƵ׳ɽû֪ȥˡ
׳ɽ
ʱ˵⻰Ǿһַ̰
ö˵ˡ
ҪżæճжһˣϳȥѰңźܹܿϵ
ͷԺյĺޣ̳帮Ҫ˵㱩ˣǾҲˣȥУⲻڿôҲûа취ֻܸϽȥңֵĻ˾ˡ

ʥּһ£Ѧʹƃʷ䡢٩Ƚͳ˧ϱõĽʼӹܵء
ⱱڻʵ۵׾Ȼسǡ
ǹҾӣŽ⡣


үˣˣ
帮Ԫԣæǰֻһоӣ帮Χסˡ
帮ȵʲôˣڴҰ
ͷĽٱȭһ񣬡飬ҵǷµ˱顣
帮ɲɵҸôҽҪǵı
ҪҰ
ǽ˵ҲٴԸʿȫΧҵ帮κ˶ý
帮һͻ˹ȥ

ӽӹ֮ǾͲҪĳҲһȫ򷭣ڡ帮ʦ¬졢Τ˼ǫï࣬ҪȫȨڼУһеȫƹܣı̱ɹߵȨ
󹬡
ѦǸʲô
ϻŸո빬ûлعѦʹ̽ȫ
Ҳˣ󹬣Ҫô
Ѧʹȭʺ£ҲǷ¡
ʲô£ĿһҪ£һıһı
˵ţߡ
ǹ̺ǰ
˶Ƿ£Ų˭
ﵱɵˣǺ󹬣ĵѽȻ˸ҽϣĶˣŵĿѦʹ
ѦʹܹĶݣͦ˼ģͷʺҪóѾκ˶ýʺ󣬷ĻȶҪͷء
ֻǳίǳŭһ·Ҳڽʾ֭취ֳԼ⣬Ͼ𣬵û뵽ξ涼Ҳͣһֱӽ
帮ҲͬˣǱ뻹жΣû뵽λһ£ӡҪǣǷǵý˺鲻ɣûйǡΪҪǣҾһͷǽҸΨһڴģǾǳͷ
Ų˭˭飬ǼȻҪ󳼣£Ǿ͵øΣûйȥǣȻˣǾһնɡ
ɴ˿ɼǶһȺֽϻƽʱȨúܣҫǻʵһ仰ֱܹǴԨΪȨڻʵУûκξȨֱɽΧ󹬣˵⣬һ仰ȥŮ̫඼иƨãǶѾΪӵȺ˭ҪжͿԻУڵǽΪʲôʵϲĳΪĳҪɱ㣬㻹͵ʵڲУӽӹܾˡ
޼ھһҶ»ʵһС
ʵ۲ҲһеģΪһ˫нӽӹܣôȨͻǳ󣬾ͺ϶Ϊһǳ֮ƣɼǱƵ±ˡ


1803 ޺գλȷ
һֱӳӽӹܣеҪ󳼣ôǷŭı֣ƹˤ
ٶһЩҪģοɲӹΣʱ̣Ϊ֪ʱ򣬱Ҫһǿÿһִܹ֤Уſ
ʱ帮ǵĻһԣһ໥жΣ໥ʲô¶ɲɣᰡϾǶվ˵۵ˣҸΪؼǣΣߣԾͶˣĳһѾ治תˣ佫Ƚϸɴ࣬Ҵʱ˿̣ÿסơ
佫Ͼ⣬ֻܿƾƣôҲ벻취ϾרҵԿڣ⻹һЩרҵʿԲߡ
·ϾѾǺˣС֪šʽܡ֣СŴٵǵھһʱڸ
ǰ˶²ԱǷǳᣬҲ˵˲ûнκε֮ǿŽһģζǶ˽⣬֪ǶвŸɣǳк֮㣬ҲصĶŴôҪΪһֱգδƹܻ
ʵŴ󶼲ǶѾʲôãҲûа취⡣
οżɽ񳤰ľǿܱ޶ҪΨһܹģҲǼˣϣܹƶȹѹء
ˣȻº͵Ķࡣ
֪վ£΢Ϊʱ˿ֻ̣ΣϾбڣǾʦ֮أرأؼһȺˣ´һᷢҵģ͢Ҫش
εͷҲ֪ɣ񻧲ʲô
Ŵ£ڲòһǮ϶Ƿ˺üᣬòʲôóס
ô㶰ΣûѪλһһǷ˰
Ҳ˵⼸ļҵףѾһɶҶûиʣ
ͻȻվ£΢Ϊ֮£Ǻý
һϲʲô취˵
Ȼ֪ϵû帮ôɵΪأǾһЩˣȷʵˣĲƸģǾͲͨˣʱ򣬾ͷԸƃסЩˣ׼ߣʱˣǳ͢ûȥܣǳ᧿Σ⻼ͳˡ
еضǣѵͲ±ôЩЩУɽǿ϶Ҳ֣ȽǵĻȫǮôͶǷţЩҲûиõѡֻų͢ǴŻҲңϾ񵽴ҡ
ϲǲΰ룬ϲǣȷϵòʱ䣬ǵǣ֮أôȫˡ⾩ܵڳҵҵƱǹ̽׼ȫţȫʧҵ֪ܵһʲô
ǶǳźգҲԸǣѾڻ·ϣʱɺո̸һӦġǿǵĻȡĸ̡ȡʳӣûʳԿƵס
еӦûһЩӦҲϽɾӽӹܡ
̫ʵѾˣеȱʳʳ٣ǳ̫ˣʳǴ˽ģ̫궼ûнʲôʳΪܶضûн˰Աٺ»涼ʳôˣʳķǳ󣬶帮Ǳ߻ҪӪҪʳȻûжӵʳһҪ㣬ǲܶϵģһδѡ
εͷͰ˵İ죬ة¾ͽȥ졣
΢
ʽվ£ˣЩصƸأпܷң΢Ϊǵ֮
æʵа취
ʽܵ΢ΪӦó͢أ׼˰ܵȥյĸӻƽһء
ǷǳȷģĿǰƳڴСũҵãСũΪСũµľ㣬֡˰μۡûз帮ˣǷǳԱΪֲ϶˰뾡һа취ðս˰μѾһٶǮʼʮǮʮ֮࣬ҪƲйˣСũþʲô˵ģһѭͣģֻǿͣ
Ŵһ͸ûǮˡ
ʽܵǣҪӵطϽʳҲǷǳѵģֹĻԱų͢ȥʰ˰Խ˰Խ⣬Ǿ㽫ʳϣǵĹλҲסôǼпܾͻὫʳб˽ң˾ͻ粻ܸմϢֻ֮ܽʣ֤ӵĹ֧Ȳȥˡ
ܼ򵥣Խ˰طԽңԽٸȥˣɴñôҲסʳûнȥıҪΪ˰ĿıҲΪ˱סԼĹλ
εͷãô졣
ĳ
ֽһ㣬Ҳٺ»Ҳǲɣ㲻ɾͲ£δ췴
ǾӾͲܲ㲻ģӾĻ췴
վ£Թ𣬳͢øϽƽԹ΢ϳһе
գ˵͵ͷӦ
⻰˵÷ǳþտ϶ǳŭǵøϽһģסգԹǿ϶췴ģǻʵ۲ܱǾͶƵϣð֪ⶼģʵ۵ʱ
εȻӦҪǴãʵ۶ȥﻹںʺ󰡣
Ҳǻʺġ
֣еⶼα겻αΪøϽ
֪ЩⶼȨ֮ƣֻӻʧ̬ӣûдӸϽ⡣
úգǸѽǳƵȥˣСȥˡ
ʽԣĿɿڴ
У
һǷɰ
Ҳˣֻܾܵס棬źջ
һյ֮󣬳̶͢ȫϳʣĨȥһеĺۼõģҲϳ
ңֹͣһйԱĸٺ»ЩԱûǮҲøҸȥеʳȫھӣ̫ࡢū澵Ļʳ롣
߼ԱνǼҵͦģӳ͢˲ٻȥͼԱɾͿˣҲûа취Ĺ治ҽΪѾȫӹܣҪȫ˭Ҳ˵͵ð˱̡
ͬʱ䲼گȫأֹͣκ˰Ϊʱ˰ĻǾɱȡѣһһϡȻѾףҪǸ췴ǳ͢ѹķöò
λɹԱȥִд£ڲκ˾ɳеĻʼҾ죬ԼѧԺҵѧԱһȺ徫ƳĶȥһЩȽصؼල£Ͻٸκ˰գٸҪǿȥʱţҲҲ㣬ҲҪǮ㿪Ҳܲʲô£ֻϽ͡
ҵأźյģǣѾȡøյϵǺʵۣҪ͢ԼеĻǿһǮ˵ǵЩʧҲǣû˵Ǯ˵컨׹
أһҿоӱҪûоӱһ¾ͱˣ㳯͢ڸҲҪ
ʴˣҲֻܴӦУȽߣȺСǽˣǻκСġ
ⲻ֪˶Ҳ
ȾͷųСϢ͢Ҫǿ˵ʳȻЩЩȥһʳΪĿǰҶûʲôãʳġЩﲻģٻãһ͢ǿǿʲôûУٶһЩЩ˻ֻ˼˼һ¡
Ҳ㣬͢Ŀǰ治ҶǣΪǻܰﳯ͢סҪǽǶŪˣ嶼û˹ˡ
ȻһжȨ֮ƣʵꡱβã˵ˣȻ٣ǶڴֹҶԣǻĲ࣬ҲûȫȥҲ˭ġ
һУõȺջ
Ҷ֪ԭǮûбͣǻƣͣ˭ҲȲϡ
ȻģվͳΪƵľݣ


1804 Դ
ȥأ
ͼҺա
û뵽⺫һ·棬Ȼ浽ȥˡ
صһֱûзչʥأӦȥ㣬ȥȥ
˲֪ĹȻԶݡݣЩϴзǹҲӵԼɫ
һɫĴũׯũ˵ūɻüūӵкŨҵūա
ǲǴôпᣬһľǺг
ЩūҲǳԼڵճϢȻûмڣǳԵñů춼Ǹͬ£ţһöԣ̫ʺǣΪԵ£Ҳɲ
ǾԼҸ
ǹ԰ĹӣҪ·ժһҲãû˹ܣΪ̫࣬ԶԲꡣ
һƬӲӵĹ԰У󵱵˶еİ
ǸǸǸ
վһ£ָ֦ϵһš
ŪϵСҰȥ
С֣Ҳȥժһ¡
ҧ촽
ܵܿ˿ǹգգۣǳķã㿴֦ϸѽȥǵѹϲɡ
һЦֱ˵ǣɣƭ˭ˡ
ܵܺٺһЦСֵȥҸóԵģҷݵĺرζ
ȻֲܵСҰﳤ̣ܶʮСҰҲϲҡ
Сһ㣬ɱˤˣ
һĵĿϵҰӣǺ
㣬ľǣߣˤ˵ģҵ֣ҪˤҲǷǳѵġ
򵹹֦ϣźŹһֻҰӡ
ڹ԰ϵһƺУڵ̺棬ɹ⣬ζĹӣºѩ
½㣬ǰ˻֮أ˲ūҲûʲôģû뵽ԭô˶ǳÿͣЩ˵Ĳһ
ѩԶķ羰п
µͷҵҲһɼǷ˵öԣ˲õȥʶ
ѩһҾ·Դһ㣬ʡ
Цøȥ˵
ѩǵµĸ첲һ֮
µСӣһ֮ƽʱ۵ʱվڷǱߡ
ѩΪ

һˣΪͷϵĳУȫÿκ£Ǿ֣صķ飬;ķ⣬һ·ģЦͷؾãԭǮôãǮǺãﶼǴүǻ;УСֺþٰһںŪģɺԲٰ죬ǵȻǶƵЦôҵڶǺϲ£졣
СҰȫСҰøղߣҪһ㣬üĿѾſͭɫķɫ֮ʮ㣬ϧСҰ͸ľͷƵãȫû뵽ǷȥҲܣҲͦȤģҪܽСҰ¡

սûиһ棬ȥݹٸݷݴʷ㣬Ҳõ׸硣
ݹٸĲЩũׯԵøСˣΪȽ٣ûбҪŪܴ󣬹£ҲôһˣλӲĵشɽˮȥլԺƵãСȫ
ڹٸһϻ£һһƷơ
С磬ƿģ㳢ζΣ
ǲǾľƻҪʴ벻ʷ㻹ȱ¡
ǰƣ֮󣬲ſʼѧƵġ
ֿ֣źշǳпС磬Ҫ˵㻹ҵĶ˰
æֵңҡ
ĳԾǹάûָôһֻҵ³Ҳǵܵһһӡ
ݱ֮أ¤ŵʱҲǽ߱ᣬѾˣûκ壬Ŷһ١
˵ղ¶ϧ֮ɫ๫
˵꣬Լѡģǵܵƽ־ԸǾұܹΪսɳҲĽ֡
Цʵʷأ
Цҵ־ǲǵܵԶ󣬿ҲһֱϣԼܹλãࡣĹʱһһЩƣڶѾͨˣ˻һӣûʲôɸܿɹ󣬲˵֮Ҳæµ֮꣬һֱеĺܣҿԸκԼɵ£ơдʫɽˮȥ࣬ҶԸȥ
Цʷôһ˵Ҷھӡ
ǿɲС
ΪΣ
ЦСˣܾ͵ˣ뺫С˽һء
һ㶣漴׹ҪܹɵùЦʷˣʵʲôû֮أ˭ԸҵǷǳȷģݷչôãʷǹû
ҡҡͷһ֮ѽʵҲûʲôС磬δʱȷʵЩ֮ҷֲô£Ϊܶ˶Źв˵ĲʶԶʤңһǰļλѣʱĹݣʵȱ˲ţҲȱأȱͲҰպСļƻȥ˲˹ִͲһūҵͽҪ˵˭Ĺ󣬻ǺС㰡
ûжԴڰףֻгܿܣŵˣһǻˣһвܵˣûвܣŵʸûУﶼкüѧԺֻѧԺϾĶǷģǲŲ
պǺǵʷҪô˵ȥҿ춼ûˣҪȥĻҷǵΪԼһʥˣһ仰ܹǧ֮˷ƣʥҲûֶΰ
Ц۷ƵֶΣʥ˱Ͳ㰡˲ҲΪʥô
˵ȥѽҷѾǫˡ

һȥԼèԼֵĲˣľһӰ
Թ緹֮󣬺ձȥ԰Ǳߣλ޶ȹһõ硣
һգҲŻصԪҵׯ԰ԪǿǳֻдöԪҵֶѣΪϻʩеľƣԪҲ̫Ըз磬ʵԪҵȻ࣬ǵָǵʱǿɶǻĵأԼسģԪĵӲ˺üգ÷ǳȣԪΪʵĺܡ
ôԪҵׯ԰϶õģʵһ԰֣и滨ݣɽ̨鿣ǳݻ
ո磡
ֻһ͸ղȥ
ԪգԪڹݵˡ
Ԫһѱܱܲո硣
ո磬Ҹ˵տˣ𹿰ʮ仯ոǲţȥС壬Сҵģҽո磬Ϊϲ㣬ͺܴ󡣡
ܵæҵġ
ԪһΣͷðɣðɣлô𡣡
Цлл
³Сӻ
Ŷ
ϽԪ¡
ºѩһһȥ
Ԫǰøʷ̸ˡ
յͷʵҲûʲô̸ģҪһЩѹҲû̸¡ˣùûûлô
ԪյһʱǰѾˣڽӼһλҪĿˡ
ҪĿˣôղ
Ԫ쳻ˡ
𣿿ȥ
Ԫմźһˮ鿣ֻˮŶˣһԪĵһԪ쳡
Ԫ쳼ø
Ԫ쳼ˣæ
ЦǺǵԸˡ
Ԫ쳺ٺٵҿɲʲôԪܲǣǲ֪Ԫ͸һƵá
Ԫ쳣ݵú˵
Ԫĵһۡ
ԪڨڨһЦ
֣ʾԪ£漴ֵûʲôˣòôŰɡ
ԪĵǺܽҪ˵ϰˣָͻᵱ˵
һһĵ֮Ԫ쳣ɵüš
Ԫ쳵ͷǣСֶ»زˡ
Ц˵ɣǴʲô
ơ
Ԫ쳵ش˲ٵľƣʵǵĴޣȻĻľƣ뽭϶ܹӦϡ
𣿡
ǹøģøô
ֻǸ⣬ʲô˵˵Ǳߵɡ
Ԫ̵ø˵һ㶼ûǵطˮ߯ˣԲ꣬ˮǿ˲Ǿ͸ݹø˵ЩˮƣˮʳǿѳĵʳҲԲ꣬ҲֻơǱߣˮרźȾơ
˵ͻȻʵù˵ԭ̫ãչ˰δóȥ
յͷһЩ̫ãǸûǵȻǱ߸谡
Ԫ쳹һЦ
յ㻹ɹ¡
Ԫ쳺ٺֱЦ
ֳأǾǹ⼸ķչεѾԪѾȫѣƨ
棬ɱˡҡҡͷ
Ԫ쳵ͷҼסˡ
Ԫĵֵܹȥ˲޻
üȻãҪһֱôȥǶˣų͢취ģȽ˹˵ϽƻѾɹˣǷ֮ʱϾͶôǮȥ
ԪĵҾ»õ͵һЩҪע⵽ԪʵϾз磬Խ֪ܹӵеĸ࣬ȫԼ
Ȼ
յͷҪ


1805 ȼٽ
Ȼڹεĺգȴ֪ԭѾǳˡ
λ֮󣬰䲼һЩߣȻһ̶ϣһΣӻҲ˶ѣδ谭Σӡ
˵ٸ׼˰ǵطٸҲǳ֣ڹٸˣҲһʣڹҵǮǾԼǮֻҪ㶼ԼͣӪЩʧˣû˹ܣ˽ᣬۡμۣǱΪ飬沢յء
Ȩûˣֻܹš
ٸһţҲû˹ܡ
ͬʱдİʧȥغ͹Щ췴㣬࣬ٸȥܣŵѾǷǳġ
ԣ˺һأǵǿԽⱣ̵͸ûߣþ͸ӱ
ֱӹʹֱָǵĻ
еһӾˡ
Щɱ۾ͽһߣۣܶط۶Ѿǵսʱһˣտʼ˽ŸȥһյʳŸ߼ʳȥͭǮڴͭǮ뵽˵С
ԭ˺һĵĵȴڰĵ
һ취ûУòɲȥ
˵ϣһ˵ϣ˾Ǻա
ѾеĿҺա
ڣڹݷ˺յټû뵽˾Ȼ֮ܵζȻڲͬ

쿴εô
ͦġ
չӣվˮ棬΢ЦĿźˮȥ
ʵģǳ࣬츳ѧʲô죬ǲԸȥ˼ȥרУʲôһ㣬ûһͨ
ñ˵Ӿգѧˡ
ϲרѧʣǻ٣壬ǳ
С磬С硣
һ󽹼Ľк
ջͷȥԶԶŻŵﶼΪһѺæʷ㵹㣬ɱˤˡ
˵ţºСƨɣѧɡ
ǵһ
ɱ㱾ˡ
Ŷ
Ӷϵð˿ʵ˯£븸װ

ʱҲܵǰһĴ
ոæȥĺ󱳣˵ʷͲСˣôҲңûסô԰֡
š
ĵԴ
һץԴұһתת벽ߡ
ǳϵġ
Цҡҡͷּ㻹ڴʷ㻹ðɣ
㴭ŵС磬²ˣ²˰
Խ˵ľԽ
ģǰɣôͱأҵĶȼٵ˽ˣգ̾˿

ʲôҪ̻سȥ
𾪵Ŀźյ
յͷεӶˣңҹѣ֮ô
Ԫĵʲôأ
̾Ҳ˵ǲ岻϶ǷǳȻĻҲҵ
ԪĵȻˣǸϽȥʰɡ
æˡ
Ԫĵ㵵ʲô˼
տЦ¸׼ǿٶȸϻسܴϼ⣬˵̫ƽǿܳûɴǾ棬ǵĵ̣Ȼسȶ֮ǻȥ
СҰ̵磬Ҹһȥ
پһᡣ
նЦˣ˱ңС棬˳㻹ܱһǡ
ûи̫ʱ䣬͸һյĹ򣬵ڶ̷س
ǻصݣݵǻûܵʲô̫Ӱ죬ؤ˲٣洦ɼŮġ
ǻˡ
չɼգҲǼҪᣬˣȫˣѾҳһš
ȻݷչͦãǹҪı⸲֮ѣֹ˵˰죬ȴһ仰û˵ޱ
㵹˵
չƵ
յ˵Ļ㲻ᰮ
չɵⶼʲôʱˣ㻹˵ЦУ˵ʲôҶֻҪ˵
Ҹġ

չɶͷ϶ʱð
ͻȻһ±÷ǳΪ˵ʲôԱĵĸܡǽŪȴҪȥΪǲƨɣ㣬ûбĻҪǱ³ӣ̯ҴǳҪô
չɴܼѵ㶼ûа취һУ
̾˿˭ұ֤Լа취һУҪа취һ㵽ҲֻܾΪݡݻûңǿɵ֧Ԯ͢׼
չͷһ׼ġ
ʱһ˽ʷǮ󷽡ļ׵˵ǺСġ
ջֵǽɡ˵ţչɵüһ㣬һ㡣
չɵʱզˡ
ûûûм˼ôǮҪ͵ûǮҪߵĲҪ˶֪Ҹ㲻ǻô㣬㣬顣
飿չһ漴һȥéɡ
Ҳ̫ûˡƵ
չǰŸߣǮ󷽵һɸ̱˽
С磬ѽ
ɡ
ȵǶ֮󣬺տżɽѾǹٸԭְϾҪسǸһȥ
ļ̵ҳˣҲŲȥˡ
Ҳ׷ҡͷǵϢ֪ͨһʲô˭Ըݡ
յôңȥĿʲô
ʲô
Ǯ󷽸æʵ
ȻǷѽЦǣǹǵĹϵŸ˵ģȥȥҲǿǣԼؿ°ɣǵϻسȥˣǹĻ͸Ͻ׼һ°ɣǧѷĻᣬˣǾͲˡ
Ǯ󷽵ճԣʱȥǸɵûʲô𣬵⻰ǴӺ˵ģʿɾȫһˡ
ļ׵С磬涼̫ƽǿɲҳŰ
յǷģǴȥĻʱһᴫʷɾӻǵġΨһܹǵǣһᣬǾѧдǰ㣬ΣԶŻǶ״⣬ǾͲҪȥˣһʧᣬǽ˺󡣡
Ǯ̵УǮнգȫƾСչˣСô˵Ҿô
ںգѾŵĵزʵѾ֤źС粻ûǮ׬
ļǵǳûиǮһźݣԶԶǮ󷽣ٴᣬǽ󶼲ܸǮһϳԷͬĴ󣬿ɲܷڶأҶʾԸ׷溫ա
ֻǸǮǼ򵥵˼䣬Ȼ÷ȥˡ
Ⱥˡ
ô
̽˺ա
΢΢üЩڸʲôؼ沢ô˵ǵǷǳĵôʱ򲻼沢أʲôʱ沢̷ûڰҵļƻ£ҲȥЩô
Ϊⲻ̷ܹ˶ԱЩҲܺ¡
һ˵ЩԴвɣҪǿóʳ沢أǰվͻܹӲдһͲҵôһȥ֮󡭡ˣˣҲǷһȺݰˣԹЩǳ²ࡣ
̷ֵ㣬˽׬ʳЩͭǮôҵúܣǳ鷳ҷͦģϾЩֶǼù⡣
̵ȥ̷ЩʳҲغãǵġŶͬͬҲôҵʱа취Щʳȫؼաһ㣬һص֮󣬻һ̶ȶסƣһЩķӦҪ̷Щһ⣬ǲҪ£ȥ沢أʱʳôЩֻҪóܹȡأʧʧ
ƣձòʣ׬˶Ǯģ͹沢أʵЩ˼Ҳһˣǣһת̷ġ


1806 ߹
ʵӹݵһ·ãΪһ·ҲûжˣһЩɽҰ룬˶ӣߣʴݺܶؤ񣬵ǳߣǸо·ֱ׹һ㣬⵽·ؤٸȫ̱;ȫǾڻͺգ͸ûпһٸˡ
ûйٸƣʲôûУ֪˺;أжôңҪǣ˺;أǰǽ˰󻧣ʧǿ֪ġ
Ҫǹˣܶ͢ںƫƫĵһ
ˣҲҳţʱﻹͨĻȫ˽䣬Ϊ˽ǿҲˣǿ֪
˵ң˾ӻû֮⣬ʲôˣҲǳҵĻǾͳˣԼڸʳóá
˵ǣӵһǳĽƃ٩ѦʹǶǳӵΣΪҲ֪¹ֲΣ帮ǸŪģǶȶģТ̩ȥ˽ϣ٩ȥɽ
Ҳֲ˹֣ûǮǾʲô¶첻ˣҼǴ״̬ôĽ򣬳ȥġ
һ·ȥվյʮگÿһݶһ˵һ֡ߡ
κ޲úھͷɹȥ
Ҳǲϵĸĳ˿ǴµظϣôϣϾúѽûа취νԼگֽһ洫һ£վ͸ϵ˳
˾֮ܵΪȫ⣬úոĳǡ
ոոս볤ʱӳ⿴ȥ·ȫˣһ۶ͷýҲȫάΰʵǱգվԲκʧ
ǺСô
ѽ

յʱȺ˽
ʱһӭ˹ΪһǺյɣ˼ګ
˼ګԣʵǺա

ոæƿЦ
㻹Цóڣ
˼ګ˫ĿһɣŭʵЩ㶼ȥأ
ʵŮȥˡ
ǧô˵
˼ګɫһϽ
ȴΪʲô
㡭ҵ治ýѩи㡣˼ګ
Ҫô˵ĻѩҲõѽ
УҲ˵Ҳ˵ոæ
˼ګһۣС㻻빬
ղΪΣ
˼ګð֪˰˭ü
ûôذɡµ
еҪصĶ࣬Щ»ڹŵˡ
˷ҲֻʵʵĴ
С磡ǺС磡
Сڻˣ
С磡
տմڳʱʧʹޣޱȵķ߾˫ۣһͬߺšС硱
춯ء
άΰʿǣӾͣĸ߾ű
˵ĸоͺû¹꣬ͻȻһ㡣
ǽոˡ
ⶼһƬڡ
Сǻ裬ϸ˹ᣬŮЩֱӹڵأʹޡ

ۣòôŰɣնЩŵһʱ޴룬ŰһЦϵ˼ګ׼
գ˿ˡ
ֻһɤ
׼복ĺЩϤѰȥ̴ΤǶվ·ߣΪҲû¸ɣҲ˳άһΰյһڡ
˼ګСվһżһֱ㽫˽ȥȻԸϽǡ
ϷҪˣ
һСɽͷϣһ̳ӾƵĴƽбһôϣԶԶţ¶һĨЦ⡣
ϵԪȴôһأҲǲ
ʵǺܶ˶ģӢ۹߹
ƽЦŵͷ֮
Ҫ֪ǿû䶯ûţǰӭӣԱˡ
˵ԱƃѦʹǶˣΪյĹȫͷȴ¡
ǳһСӿˡ
һڼ䣬ǶԣѰʱΣΪʷϴδΣǶ֪ΣΪʲôͻᱬ
ʵһΣǺܶܶشٳɵģڵأҲڵأҪʵʷϻǿҵƵӣֻЩ¶ײһ鷢ڼ̵ʱڣǾ޽еģΪⶼΪɺϡ
ȻղŸջҲô˵ûкգ϶Ҫҵöࡣ
ΪջûԴҶǱһϣԴҼգŻ˷ϣٲеĻǾֻϴƣҪôһսȥծ񶼸Ĩȥ
һ򣬰Ǿͺˣᶼˡ
ιιιʲôˣҪʲô
ոձ˼ګ복ڵĺգܱ߻ûп;м˫ȥģҿ˿ֻĸģεŮڰ·
⡭ֲ̫ˣ
ĺգҲһ
ûԹǿϵĸоĸˣⶼˡ֡Ĳ棬֪룬Ҳ֪ôӦԣϾûⷽľ鰡
Ǻܿ죬ףԭĸŮֻǰϹٷѣʲô¶ûз
ЩźǷʲôǿҲһҴ̼Ļ䰡
ҶԼٵûôҳϡ
ԭĿǰλº̯ӲɣϾڿһƽգȽٷչϣ㲻봩ҲôֻҪ㴩ٷοһС
ңǺۣۣܴĹٷ
һ·񱼣ֱӿǵǰƳûĸҲֻڻʳߣû˵˭ҿǵſȥ
ϣ飬ˡ
ոմ׼һ·ſŵŵʤСҲݺѽקźձǵܣһѾ͸˽ȥʱ㲻ҲûйϵҲûں
ͨ
ͨıҪô
ոոһ̧ͷͼ㲵վǰЬûдȻǸմģŵһָϽ񣬡΢
λںвѽôڲ
·Ҫһ㡣
££ȥˡ
У
ǡ
㡭
÷ζҪըˣˮһѾȥУȻңдָźգ֪֪ҪٲĻ޵ĴƶҪˡ
һ㵵£ô
ⶼΪЩ
˵һ֣ˣڲᵽǣֻܿһС
գգۣڨڨǳʲôңһ··Ǵӵһ⣬ҲΪ
㲻˵仰
ι˫ۣȥҿ˿ʵ۵ϣҲû˭ˣǵҵϣϣ⻰ǴȥĿɾͶɢˣǵʱʲôˡΨһŵľ㣬㲻ҲУھʽΪһ㽫ȫȨ𡣡
ѹûпһٷԭĹٷ
λһͻϱϵˣΪǴϻʵ۵ģֻ䣬ͳ䣬䶼裬ֱΪҪ󳼣һֻȨ
ɲͬˣͻδôΣ£ȨҪ顢£ݺ˲ţڵѾûбҪȫɺ˵㣬ʡִвţھǽʡϲΪһʡɼѾɽˮĵز
ȻȨֻȨȫա
¶Ϊ֮ɫĬ
ﵱȻףʱ˭Ҳ׿һУŪǾǧˣץֱۣգ֪ͦΪģ㣬û˭ܹ޵Ĵƶȹѹء
˵棬˸⡣
Ҳ֪ʵʱ򣬴ǹٻؼТҺТҲûмкջΪʱΪ쳾֮񣬶Ѿ׵ȥˣȻڹΣѵʱ뵽˺գ˵Щ塣
ǣʵҲı⣬ûдúڼҴţҲһֱڼֺյߣûȫϳҲΪʴ˲ֵͷʱʽһжӪǿܾͲΪȥ٣ֳɱ͵ģ帮ҲҪͶô
ԣϲ¶֮ɫƬֵ̣ǵûбµΣ΢нգ΢ԸΪ¸ϧ
Σʱ̼鰡
ǿˮúúã仰ޱˣһܹһС
յ£ȻʱǱҲҪ̫ǣܻоͽİ취Ҳһ߾ȫġ
Ȼʼûи֤ѾԣζѾʵ˵ˣֻǵͷ


1807 
θղûн̸ãΪΪѾҪ¶ʾôвУôвУҪǶĻǾͲôٻҲܱڻҪξһ˼ԼŰˣȨҶ㣬Ͻȥ£㽫þˣҪҵκθܡ
ճǵ̨Ϸ㶡
ϣ
ŵʤһ̨ϣϽ˹
տŵʤ̾Ҫ侲һ£Ŷﲻ°ɣ
ŵʤһĪչҲ֪ȴǱȽϱǾǻ¯ӣ˭æû£û¡ҪҪ㵹
յͷл
ŵʤϽԸȥ衣
̨ϣһı飬ȴЦҪЧһҪҪһУȫУ
Ȼа취ƽҲɵ˵ջصƽˣֵ˻ɣôΣȻȵýһ£ֻҪΣϴȻȵóûҲһʡ
̨˺һһ裬վȥһȺտɲκ⣬ר˼ٸڸȥһˡ
Ļʳȸǰȫǽ˽ҪǳɭϣǾ½ӹܣȻʳҲûжˣΪҪ󳼶ˣйϵˣҲȫϻؼңһЩԱһЩ£޶άֳ͢ת
ΪʱʲôôŪģʱûʱ飬Ծ͸ɴһ㣬ֱһУǻ˴Ūѩϼ˪Ƿǳǵľ
վֱ
Ŵ֣ԼһЩԱվǰȺš
һŴ󣬱ŭɶɣҽ㣬ôرңҵǿˡ
Ŵ̾ͱQָźյ㻹˼˵ҡŶ⻧˵ңǾҵأҲ룬涼˹ţ֪ڼζȹôЩ춢ңھ͵Ҳڣ˵ʲôָ˵ʲôÿöıҪҴֻСûˡң˵ңһһЩʱǹˣһֻ벡١
үģӸոյһӶ£ֿ֣С
֣еʱȷʵܹɣɹλȻСȨ΢¶޷Ƶġ
ŴƺûзйµŪҲܹǣ궼ʦڹܣҪֹȥ
Уǽȥ˵ȥ˵ģǶ˶ȥˡ
շɣޣư
˵õ¹ѻأ
Ҫ˵ûʸ񷢻ڼŮһӣȥΣ˼ŴװڼңŵɪɪŶҳȻţXҲὫ֣о͸Ӳ˵ѾҪҵˣ˭ʸŭΨûʸΪ¸кܴĹϵ
ڡ
һǽ㣬ȸϽȶʲô
Ŵһܼ򵥣ҳ˻ǿӦ֮⣬ҲòһǮصĹٸѾš
һȥ˵˰죬û˵
ֿ֣С
֣֪̽˺ա
񳤰ڵʱҪ࣬񳤰ǣ˵ͭǮŶΪ·ЩѵִﳤʳⳤʳԭͲ̫㣬Ϊ̫࣬ؽڣʳͳΪĶ˭Ҳ֪ãʱ˭ҪͭǮܳôܳԻ˵򰡡
帮ûڳǿ˰գΪΣǿ˰գռлһЩΪǺ֮ǰͿʼ½ʳΪʱҲ࣬ά˲˶ãû̫á
Ǵг˸⣬ЩҪ󳼵ֶóó͢Ĺˣ֤ǲˡһóζɵˣ帮ڼʳǶѻɽܹòٰգ⻹һЩҲеʳЩΪʵ۶ԼʳóˣܲôȫƾǵʳţȻĻҪܶˡ
մŶͷѵûһϢô
Ϣˡ
Ŵ
һ㶣̧ͷðΣһַŶͷȥ
Ŵ̽ϡ
տ˿۾ۣȫ֣ΪѾû룬һЩط뽫˰͵͵ĳɱҪ˰գʳ·Ͼ˸ˣʵûʲô飿
ŴҪеĻҲˣѾˡ

ճΣ̾˿ȻʱûʲôԲߣǾȽʡ֧ɡ
Ŵʡ֧ڻҪô
ûп֧㻹ʡʲô
յ˭˵ûбҪΪʲôѹôһԭǻô࿪֧ţٸȫҪˣǵѹǲǼ᲻٣ңǽ취׬һЩǮǶڵϣȫڹԱĸԱԵúãĿǰκΰ𣿡
ŴͷҲǣҡͷǣѺգҲǹԱ
֣еҪüԱ
յͷԱüˣٺ»ͿԲˣһԽռеԴȫջع⡣
֣еü٣
ܶܶࡣ
յ⣬ǼǸɲʲôµģܹ̽õŵ˶ȥ˾ǡŶʦ帮ǻ˵ͳƳǻҪ򡣡
Ŵ׹֪ˣ
Ǿ֣Ȼȥո棬ͨһ¡
ڲǺԶǶڱִй񣬺ȥʱƃ˼ګѦʹ󡢰ʷ䶼ڡ
кô
ƃգʵ
ȥУûѪʲôʱвãƫƫڹϣƵֱӳӣȥҺúգŪһԹ
ЦƃڼТТҪߣʲôеģǶڳŪǺ˼̫ô
ƃһʱƿԡ
ҲһΣҲǳڣվͲôأæˣˣЩƽϢ̸֮ĿǰΪҪζȹһءգڿɶָ㡣
ҲŸոյûŪףΨһܹóİ취ȼѹĸʵ̫ˡ
ô
յüԱģĲüԱ
üǣ˼ǾҲҪã
˼
յͷĻʿйսĲҪ⼸ƾʲô񣬹ϵھл췹ԵģЩٺ»ߣǶھĹ٣ûжھҲûʲôӰ죬Ҳٺ»ҵ˼Щ˾ȲˡȫƾȶƣʵڲУҲҪǿ
ƃ̵û
ʷ䣬˼ګǶʾû
ǶƳĴԪ˧ǵĲ£Ƕսսģǰָ꣬߾ټãǱָެ򣬺ܶս⼸꣬еĶûսģң붼帮йϵν
ɣΪͳ˧򣬶ҹѣҲóһҪ˵ĻȲõǵˡ֪ĿǰһҪȫֺ֧ա
յ˼ǾЩӵܱǶﶼӵܱȽԼĶˣ˾Ͳ˵
һͳ˧Ҳʾû⣬ѾʱˣҶҳˣҪٹԼ˽ˣ⸲֮Ѱ
ңȹһأǵĶﻹܹģϾǵݶ
лл
֣ȥʾ£´ӦĻ佫ⷽ棬Ͷ˾Լλˡ
ͷҲµˡ
ֵ⣬浽ǿ·ͨ
ѦʹǣһУÿܲϡ
ЩˣƾĶ֣ʵûǮǮǡ
յʱһ취ݡݵʳ֧ԮǣϣǣԾ
ü˻Ǻ⣿
յӵĻǾζսսĶҪǰյĻǾʹսıܻЧӦҴһ֧飬ȥϻǴŻʼҾţҲ̫࣬򸺵ҪάΰֻҪŻסǿˣҪȥǿҪһȥǣ̫ʱˣ͢ںĲ𡣡
ͷû⣬֪ɺǰȥ
յ̴ʣһܾ˾Ǿȥ񰲾ֵġﰵЦ̶Ұ㱳Ҳһ㡣


1808 
˵úȫȨҲÿʲô£ղɵʲô¶ȥΣǮķ棬ǿȫȨģҲûɶǮ£ǻøʵҪԱⲻܲȵõʵ۵ӿɶǻʵ۵ĳӣھĻǾȫӹܣҪǲϲãҲûа취ϾŵǵǱʡ
˸̶֮󣬺ȥҵΡ
ôͻˣһϲĪ뵽취ˡ
Ա
һ£ôͻȻܵԱȥˡ
յ£΢ʱһʽת뵽Ҳ֧ҲˣܴһֵĸڹԱóôһծ񣬳ҲеѹܴܹЩծһеĻôͼ᲻٣Ҳɲ١ңջعԱְҵЩҲԹãˣ͢ծ٣öȻͻնڳ͢ҲŤתĪİնԳ͢ɥʧģҲӳ͢ģʲôҲɲɡ
˼Ƭ̣漴ͷӦôɣΪЩŽŪü٣
ں޵ЩҪŷ㶣ΪûоԱıҪѽҲٺ»ˣֻ˵ѽö˵ԾҪˣ󲻷ǷҲˣȫջأҪˬĻŪѽǲһЩֻʸӵĳ˵۸ǣҲѽ
ھ֣ҲҪǡ
յصʱڵıƶȣֻ߰ٵ˰ңٱһҡ
صҲ٣
ʱڵıƣ߰˰Ѿ١
ʱʲôÿǾǾƲҡ
յ΢ѾѾ˾ǹͨҲӦھĲü˾֡
εͷ㿼ǵıȽܵǾôɰɡ
΢
չһֵ£΢ǰǸ˵һˡ
κʲô£
յ£΢ΪǱµ壬ǵ֮һҪغԼ壬ֻҪµ尲ã΢ܰĽãеֵǣ΢Ѿ˽΢֮黹ûеƾҴƵĵ̣ǿصġ
ͷһůЩˮͷʵ˵
ֵлʺ
գֱһֵڼоã£ͲҪˡ
΢չֵǱûķԸ΢ȸˡ
εȥɡŶҲӰ
л¹ģ΢ˡ
ûʹɫҲˣձرȥˡ
ѾЪˣȫţʵеĵ̶ѾţΪյĵפرҲǽ䱸ɭϡ
յﱱǿյġ
ڣձµϾ궼ûЩ棬ŵﷱ£Ǹдడ

еһ룬ǰ˺
תĿȥֻɣľ滪ơӭ˹һʱҲǼѣϽ֡
ҶԲסѽ
ɣľ첽ոǰ
üǸʲôŪֲĴʵѾúܲˡ㣬˵ô
ʶšһ漴ֵ˺һۣ㻹һҲûб䡣
Ҫ˾Ͳˡ
չһЦɣľļ򣬵ˣˣڻˣһжġ˵ţ滪ƵûгɻĻǾͳȥﲻ
滪һۣɵǺǵЦš
ʵ˺û
滪ͷ
еŮģ
еġ
֮ΨһһϢոпһʵ㣬أ


ʱһߣʣν
Ѱȥȵô
ǹǡ
ǵ㻹ûлشҵ⡣
յҪ֪ҾͲô˵ˣջط˵û
⻹ࡣ
ô
ʵ
ǵ֪һ㶼ҡ
յ֪ݼĸףҶû˵㣬Ҳ˵һ
Ǻߵֲң
շŰ۵仰Ҳջء
ǲúһûģǰ汾ݣ˵ؾǾתϣ԰һЩæ
Цܰʲô
Ŀдû㲻
ңһҲ׼뿪˯һ
һЦһʵƳǿûлô
ѽ
ѹôš
ٿˣ㣬롣
ƫҪ
޹˼ɣǵǶЦֱҡͷҲɲ١
Сո磡Сո磡
ԺһȺŮӿ˳ݶ˫˼ȵȡ
ռ߾˫ֵŮǣˡ
̵ϧֻܿ

˺ȻЦ
տǵҲܱɣľҪá
ɣľ滪޹ǹһ
ʵôûпζ
Ŷҵζȥ˵Ҽң˼ζСˣɲܵ
ϣ
ʹסŵҵζѽ㣬Ҳǣˮĵ㲻ô
һۣ㡣
ֳ˼ǵǧżˣҸҷһ£ܲȢС檻ȥ
ޣ
Сո磬̫۸ˡ
Сո磬滵
Сո磬ȵҴԶˡߣ
ʽܸұȣ˼ҴϣǺúۡ
ǽ㣬ѽ
Ůڹߡ
ЦҪһʰ̯ӣǽͷöҿ񲻹ǿջЦˡ
նʱɫһƵȻȻ㿴ˡ
ǰǣҹǺҲ
㱼䣬¥ַ·ص˵һοֵ£һ̫ѹˣ̫Ҫա
ոոջ̴˻Ц̳ﱸΪսӷϴĴͳԼ֡
ϯ䣬üҳĿʵǼôûˣ
˫ûУǾ뿪¥ģҪɻҲǶԷ׸
ݶ˼ʹĵ˵ͷζȻ޸˵ʽܣһҲĽΪڷ¥ˣڹˣԼ˼룬Լ˭ĸӹһˣζҲܣǲԸ뿪ҪǼ˸ֵù˼зǱߡ
һӵ˵úã־㡣
ʲôãѵϣһӲô
̷
ݶޱ㲻ޣ֮Ҳ뿪¥ġ
յûôأҽһЩ˧Ƿ¥Ϳĸô
ޣ

Թ֮ɣľǳԾĿڡ
⼸Ŀ
йЩ͸ұɡ
ⳤĻͷǻЩӯһֱڿҪǱߵĻҲֻǴ֧ƽ⡣
ɣľ˵棬ͷȥˡ
ֱǳ谡
¥ѾûгԹζˡ
˵ѾǳˣԶԶҵԤڡ
ֵɣɣվš
ɣľ֮󣬺ձʵڳһʲô
ɣľˣЩΪծЩȥݣӦ֪ǲˣǵҪô͢չҪôţЩɴЪҵ٣ҿҲڵŶ
յͷڳ˶һЩʲôˣ
ɣľΪ׵ĹˣΪڹекܶأǲû뿪һЩ˵˶٣еǷһֵ¡
յʲô£
ɣľڵõʱѡ뿪ôˣڲϵչһͨǽɵġ
ԣвһĨ֮ɫ


1809 ô
⾿ô£չһЩʲôˣ
սüͷʵ
ɣľΪʲô£ֻЩֶѣǺеЩ죬ʵЩͨչ£֪˺գֵô֪ҪĸˣҲʶֺͺ

ü룬ôᣬܿҵļƻôôӦһΡʵأ
ɣľҵǺϤһֻ֪̫ԭ̵һɴ˵ĵϸҾ͸Ӳǵʱ˿Ͻ֣ǽûеӦ
̵̫ԭʿѵɴʲôˡü˼Σȥҵ˵ĵϸ
ɣľʵʲôô
ûü˼Ƭ̣ڰֵˣʱȲȥˣ˵˶õġﰵ룬ˣҲǺηʥ˭Ҫҵҵĵǳܲġ
ϾһգҲǳۣɣľ̸һ˯ȥˡ
˯ţ
ǲܵġ
˭ñ˭㣬Ϊʵ̫ˡ
գ
Թ緹֮󣬱ʡϾ˶һ˯˶ˡ
ʡֻŲˣŴ󡢴С֪šʽܡ֣УԼ¬ʦԡ
¬ʦǺθģΪ֪¬ʦԸչϵһһҲֻЩˣΪЩ¶ûʲô
ǼˣϽ
մĿѽһƷʡȨһ࣬ΪʡִвţͳʡʡѾš
࣬һĿɨȥУŴɣûмǴĻ˵ȥЩܹæ
ŴЦ⻰ܽӡ
ˣİҲհڰ֣̾ǣĸоԼһ㣬ȫûٵĿУ˸еѽ
Σ
ʽܡ֪ǸΣˣʵվԼҲ˼Ե޹ʾͱθˡ
С¬ʦԡ֣˿úܵϾǰմ򽻵Ҳ֪˿϶ҪǼ䡣
վֱߵǰƵѹѹ֣̾Ҳˣɡ
ǡ

ʵʲôǱһҪһЩһֱ֪ǿʲô֮
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յںܷ鷳ὨʱȹӣҪ췽ҹ̷ûǮ֪˰һ˵ɵӶ֪Ҫܹ˰ûǮЩʿ˵ĿǰΪĽ׼㻹㽫Ҳ𣿡
׼Եĵʽܣʱҳ
ͻȻУةӴӢűǴ޼ҵĺ֮㣬СС;͵ʷةˣĽ顣
ŴЦ˼ͱ㶼˼ҵʷةôأ
еҵĽǽԸ°á
ףôԣ㵹ǸҺѽǰǺ𣿺ҲҪƨҪһʵڵĽ顣
еʵڵĽ飬⣬ˡ
Ǵ޼Ҳѽ
ߵ
΢΢һЦҲ׼ڵĺվǵըĴڣòոѾһϡ
Ҵͷɥ̧ͷһ̿ʼ
ͻȻһָǱ붼һǾûȥĿҪڴƵδģԼûģնԳ͢˭ͷɥ̸ҹ𣿡
¹ס
ܺã
ֵĿǰҪ⣬һĸһʮծ˺һһծˣκη涼ǲͬնģ͸ӵʮӵһĲһģѾ£ԱеԱҪƵ˰ڣԱҪع鵽ʱڣһҲСҪһҡ
￩һ£һ亹㻹Ǻѽ˼ʺ帮ǷѾǧ࣬ˣһͶûˡ
֪ŵ⳯ڹԱʹﵽǧҡ
Ҫ˳ɶԱֱ̫ˡ
յͷЦܺãѾҲüԱ˵ˣʱڹŸ߰ٶԱĹⶼȲʱڣʲôЩԱ
ǲ֪Ա
յֻĹ٣Ǳ˾Ǹ𣬻ҲǹܣѾòõĶˡɸѡôֻҪȣֻƷµĹԱΣЩְзģȫ⣬Ѿˡʮ˻ؼң֤Աڶʮʮ֮䡣ĻǾԼŰ죬ץҲãȦȦС
ȦȦһҼ
¬ʦ̵УҲ̫ˣ˼һŬ»ֻһ֮䣬ܹڣ̫ƽˡ
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¬ʦԿɲºգվЦʲô
Цһ¬ӣȻ㴩ŹҵĽȷһߣǹ¹ۣҪ˵ʲôĻҲڹ񡣡
¬ʦ̵˵޷⹫˽¹ٻܹġ
յͷ漴¬ˣ㻹ǹ޳ܵѽ
¬ʦԲջЦ֪¹٣¹پ޳أ
ס˷ҰĹ򡣡
̽˵Ҫ̸ƽǰɣãҾ͸̸̸ƽǧİʧÿ԰ټƵİڷ˭ɵģԼѪǮЩٵģǻʲôΪԱԩ֮ǰûǣ
ŶڲüԱͷ߷߲ƽôڷƨţ˼ҵȻ֪ôǻίһЩԱǵίٴܹǶסģóʺҷղˣڳоѡԱеľͶھ棬ȷеĹƽ𣿡
жѾŻˣ¬ʦԺô
¬ʦԱѵĴľһѾǳɫϴδйɫ
ʽܼæվ¬˲Ǵ⣬Ŀǰֻ֮ʣ¬ֻϣѡһЩ˲ڳС
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һֵǧԱŪɼ˲ŶһãһĿģѹʡһ֧κܹʡǮ⣬Ǿõ⣬ڱ̸ʲô£̸ʲôŻڲ٣̸ǮֻҪǮһҲ˲𣿡
֪Ӳͷ˶Ǻʮأòײˣ棬ҲûзʲôǶԴ̫ˡԼҲǽʿȻҪΪЩʿ˵ѽ
յǽʿɣ˵ǵΪʲô
֪ŵȻΪ˱ЧңΪǣԼһչб
˵־ԸǶǰ㡣յΪǱЧҵʱڹѾˣ뿪ǾǶԹõİǻƤǾ˺ҡбôһչʱ˭Ҫа취ҶȹѹأԵڲչǽҲҪչˣбǾͦ͸֪һܹôһС⣬ȻҲ̫ãҲЩֻ֪ɵ۵öˡ
֪űѵβ
űɵ˵¬ʦԣʱͻȻ̾˿һѵǣ¹ǹ˱µΣԼԼƽѧһֱֵ
յ֪ˣ°ɡ
¬ʦü͸ɫԸȻȽ񣬵ڴǴϣǷǳĵģдͻϣûӣںЩԸƾʲôȥָˡ
ֵһü޵񣬾նڳ͢ΣûʲôɲɣҪ»նڳ͢ģΪ͢ǶȹѹصģǲŻӳ͢ĺ֮£ܹ˳ȥ
ʴˣǱҪóЩõı仯ҪʵһģЩõĺ飬ҪЩ˻ȥտˣǾͻΪΣڻŷһжõķչⷽһȥЩǢ̸
ΪֲޣǱ÷ֹ£Ҹɡ֣¸Ǳߣ˸𾫼ȻҲӲԹ涨ǻȦȦֻṩһѣǿԸԼӡǵȥһҪ죬Ҫġ𣿡
еƾ㣬ҲѰǶȹΣ
ʵа취𣿡
ҡҡͷ
ˣҲûСջһתǼסˣ߻ܣһֳǷҪðտǵ֪гģҲϣмκ˵κһ为Ļڵ٣ҲҪҵһЩĵӣЩƸеӣ𣿡
¹ף
һ£˭Ҳٶˣվ°յôҲ˵
ܺã
յɣ̻ػͳƳǽӹԱջضٲƲԼȥٺ»֮⣬ǵǷծʣ¶١֣¾͸һȥЩ˰ɣڿǺܸʱģڸղѾ˷˲ʱ䡣
˵ţȥ
ߵſʱȻͣͷˣһگǭݵĳӸҵҼΨһһԲƸŮȤĹԱĿǰ͢ҪֲϲǮɻɵӣϧǣôһĲٵ
˵꣬˳ȥ
֣վ¬ʦԵļ򣬵¹ѻ𰡣
¬ʦԿЦԶԡ


1810 ңΨһĳ·
ȦȦ⻹Ȥ
վߵſڣǵըıӰȻʧЦ
⻰Ҫ˵ȥǶϷʲôǴʱ˿̣ϷƫƫֱôȻЩ֪롣
¬ʦǰ˵úܶԣǸеգҲΪʲôնԭΪеŰգҷŻƽŹԱһ棬°նԣԱʲô
ո߹ĴУ⻰вŽΪƣΪ갡һжһֵģȴýӢۡʵͲںĩ߹ٵѾԽأ⼸ЩҲԱΪֻ̫޼գǾԱʱڣΪ˭ҪҷԣǾǲ°յİΣ
Ц⣬ǶǸո˲ãڳҲûʲô̸ģ£Զԣ˵Ƿǳƽģңʿ壬壬Ǹˡ
ЦǸ壬Ǹʿ壬ǶڼҲн
¬ʦԵûôôһ˵డ
ǶԣһϢ
С¬ʦͬӡ

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һ⻰һŵģȥѡ
Ҿֻ֪ҪСһ⣬ӭж⡣
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ǿôţеķն֮ԺΪһܹһء
ҲǺΪĵطĶܹȾˣΪⷽ˲ٹЩǶžϰģ
ЦЦŰڰ֣ǵΪǴ˼ʵĻ粨㲻ʲôǴӵĵ̣޿ƥеĻֻ֮ǰЩ߹ð³һ⣬Ҫųܿ͢͢ͻָģⲻʲô⡣
ţһֱų͢
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ʵŵĲǳ͢ǺգΪǺһֵûкգǲܷչô죬ڳΪףûȥ뺫գʵѾγһոĽ׼ʱ׼
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ڳȺ
ոҲǿ޵ϡﻩѣˣ׷Բԣ˪޵øƵãѾҪֲסˣЩʱѾĵòˡ
޵Ϊֺͺǰڶĺջ֮һıߵģǣ֮վͻػȥˣճٳδ飬Ƕʱͻˣۿ֮ǰͶȥǮҪˮƯˣչһĲֵΪ׸άȣ춼
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յͷҪǵţϽ
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յʱ򲻿ţʱţֶʱȽ͹ŵһߣֻҪǹһڷУǿɱ˵ûС
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յ٣ֻҪϸһ۳ȥ۲ȥģȫҵģң˷ǶǷţֻҪǿţұ֤һǮ׬ȻʳòҲĪ
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ǵȻдΪڳˣʵǹеһЩҲЩ¹壬Ϊǵĵǲûߣڳûʲôزˣ󲿷ֶѾ뿪ˡʳǳΪʳ˲ǾͶʳڻˣʱ˹˵þԼ
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СӾ͵һ̣ϾչҪŵĻǮʹˮƯˣҲڶ
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˵ֱ꣬Σת
һۣôһһǸе
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̵æǲ̫ˣո͢չ˰
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ֵǲǲ̫ˣ̫ˡ
ЦЦȥĵĳԪ֡
Ԫ޸æ˹ȥ
Ժ⣬ոԪޡ֣վڽ档
ҷ˵ĻҲˡյҶѣܹžѾǳˣ˷ʱ϶޷֧ģǷǵǮôֻһֻܽ˳ȥܹǮܹ֧˷ѡ
Ԫ̵⡪Ҳ
֣Ҳͷ
мźɽֲҵġ
Ԫ޵ȽҵȻһȥһԪҡ
ǡ
ߺ󣬺֣е˵֮һֱûвԱ㻹ֵסô
֣пЦǼֲסڼ֮ҷֵһЩȥڶҪǵĲֿڻߺܶĻ
üͷ֮
֣еͷ
ЦΣ֮ʼ鰡
֣æǼӲǮΪһ̸Եͼ۹ҵɹɷݡ
üѵ˿ҵļƻĻȴչȻҲǴһ˳紬Ҫ˵ĻǵûйϵֵɽǱ߾鷳ˡ
֣еֻҪмŴӦˣӦҲӦġ


1811 ʳ
Ԫұ
ǾŰɡ
մǼٸڸֵͷͷ˵
ǡ
ûʲôǣҷǳȫžˡ
˵ţԪһԪұ
ǰͬǣԪԪ֡ԪЩͷӭӺա
󲮣
ոϽǰʵλɻã
Ԫ׵ˣɾҪöˣ
æĲǧᣬһһÿ˼ң޵ϡﻩŪҶͦ˼ġ
ԪǺǵ֮飬Ҫٲ޶֪˭ȥޡ
Ԫǰĺյֱۣⶼˣ
ҡͷǱӲϵģһǾǽѽ
ԪֹһЦĵðɣ
յͷڹݣȽаȫһЩ
ԪŶһ˵ݵƻǲ
ЦǶ˽ĵ
ԪһЦˣǽȥ˵ɡ
ڡ
Ԫջˣһ°ǰɣ
յͷѾǽţĻ޷ڳۣһͳȥҪмŵİæ˷ôȫǷţûǮ
ԪҪǷʲô⣬ҲӽϽͻֻ;ȫ⣿
ôߣܹϵĻ͹϶׬ѽ˷ʲô
յ͢Ѿ׼£ɨЩܣһаյ£Ƿ
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ֵһ£˵£ҲӦ֪͢Ѿ£ǳ͢ȷʵòǮؼҲòҪĻҴԪдӽϹ͵
Ԫ׵һóףǶţԪҿǸġ
ԪҲͷ
յԪֻҪһ֣ʱһעԪУԼݹٸݹٸֵһЩ
ԪˣҲһСĿ
Ц֮ڣһ壬Ϣ
ԪæѵѾ뵽һΣİ취أ
յֲŸջô죬ⲻȥĿҽеŪ֮һ뵽취ġ
ԪóĬ㶼ûа취Ǯ̫͢ˡ
յ󲮣λĽǶһȷûκδӦɣԴ͢ˣʱս˭ùЩ̣Ȼδ뵽취һֻҪ뵽취Ǯа취ǵġ
ԪֿԪ磬ɡ
Ԫ˼ãֻɣҲѰ
ЦѾˣлλ֧֡
ԪЦ֧㣬ҲϣܹϽ뵽취һΣôȥ˭ܲˡ
յͷһġ
Ǵ⣬治С⣬ȻĻҲἱԪұȸ̸ˡ

յĹеķǳ˳ٶȾˣ϶ûôȥƣſڱ֤տҪػؾôһС
ȴǳãһԵ֣жеǳȡ
֮Թ̻˼򵥣ΪյĸԼµľơ
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ԴУͻѡźնһѡ
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΢΢һ鲻Խ˴ԼֱۣˣǶˡ


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ǵǱĺܺãҲ֣ܹɻҲʲôһڷԡ
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뱱Լгĵ̶ûпţûбҪţû
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ﲻ֪ʱģ϶ǳһЩȽϸߵˣΪȨѾˣûʲôǣ޲˭һɸҰֳǰһá
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һյܣȵڶգΥĴձͻȻڰյҰУǮȫͣǮĻ˭𰡡
ձݣȫһЩĶʵʵڵľ㣬Աš
ҪݣǴ꣬ôۺıǮǿǶǼ٣ССܴ꣬öǴɲܿͻõȻִνԼڸǮ˳չʾǷ侲ֵϣΪ˼յĸԱάΰ֮Ӣ䡣
Լգ˵𣿿ſֺǵģϾ޻ͽеҪ󳼶ĿǰľʱôǷǳ֪ġ
ؿ˼飬αˡ
ȻԺΪ׵³͢ҲǸִ첻͸ô£εȵĵİЧʣָ֮䣬ⶼӭж⣬˾ͻȥϰˣΪܹҸ⡣
д꣬ĵĶˡ
˼Ҳν㶼޴ˣԼҲӦõġ
Ҫƽʱݣ϶ᱻЦģʵ̫ˣǽʱղͬһڴձ̳Ϊ˰յľʳſػؿ·Ƭһǳԣ֮˶Ե÷ǳܣӶˡ
Զԣ˾ǰõķȥ롣
ϢһӦ϶ǲţϢϾͻš
ǽ쳣ѹ֣ϽܸصجģѾ
ͺһ˵õ֢˶㣬ûþˣͻȻһ˸㣬ⲻԵ֪ƭģҲһһ˿ϣ⡣
񣬵аվǰԸȥš
Ϊ֮⣬Ѿûʲôֵȥˡ
һݣôȻȻľͶδģڳ͢ģټһЩϢ·ֻһ㣬֮ǰԶ͸еһɾա
㺫¶΢΢ģǾЩϺ꣬еʤ⡣
ǵܴձӰ죬ܵڵյӰ죬ǳ̣֪ʿҪԡ
С棬ȡĻر


1812 סͺ
ɱС̬ı仯ȻⲻʵʵڵĶǷǳҪģһԶʤһֹϵˣκη档
ϣϣпܻᵽ
Ͻ
磬ҿģͼչЩҴһ£ЩܹصǰĲҺҵĲƸܹʮ֮࣬ҼЩѾ㽫ҵ
Ǽѵĳ˵ţֳֿĬ磬񲻿ģ׬ӦñҪࣿ
ǰͷʶǰô
ĿȥǸɴģôأ
ֵҲĵ£չǿɶҪ࣬˲ֹ
һ㶣磬׬˾ˣ˵ǰЩҶɱˣʱҾþ㺫Сһܹ㶨
ֵͷЦ˵ҲǣѾǳף˵ڶе°
õһΣôֱӰ쵽ҵĸӶˣضǣ˭˭ɵȱ

硣
̵ոĸϣüߣ磬㻹׼ţⶼҪˡ
̫Ҫæǻõ㶫ϲ˯ˡʵôأ
̵Сǵȫˡ
Σ
ڻ˵Ͼûȥǰ㣬ǿ׬ˣ֪ôֻҪڷԣе˸ɻǰһֱڶڻʳٶ࿪ҶС磬ҴˣиǱ߿ɱôˡ
֪ɣ
Щ㰲ǱߴţúÿţɲҪǣǼҵļҵˡ
ǣ֪ˡ

Ȼغԭ˿ģȻпࡣ
ñ˵¼
¼ûдﵽļֻһ˶ѣֻ˵ʱһְѡ
ˣˣȫˣ
¼һڵĴձ̱ϣг˾
࣬뾡ְ취Ұ⵹޼ɣڳнԼѪ뺹ɵġ
յãѴ֮һȥֱȫû
Ϊʲô⼸жôԱǸɵģģɶǵˡ
һˣǵ˲ǹͣ϶ȱȥĶ
νڳûʲôȫٸǵ˰ţԭϵûǮ͹ţܼ򵥣ǲõһʣҲ۵ġ
գ̫ˣ
¼ŭͻȻֽһ˦ứ
ǵҪŤתߣҲûһУǵ룬ǻʵ۲룬Ǻȫǻ·Ϧ֮ȫصǰ
㻹˵հ䲻ǣ֧֣֧֣ʵҲ֧֣˭Ҫűֽ˵ǷǣǾƻᱻȺŹ


¡
ˣˣǹȥˡ
ȥʲôûпǰؤһҲûмô
ûпձôѾ˵ˣһΣǴƶԣʲôܿͻȥ
ôձô˵ģ
ѽźˣ˶ãǳͻøǰһ

վϵԪСɳֵĽ̸ǿЦãǶôձдöһЩʲôƨ֮ԣҿŶˣû뵽Ȼô˶ԴŲɡֻҴ굱ǱܵģҲš
ԪտǴձںճ˱ӣʵҲˣ㻹ԼԼҲˣ㻹䣬ôҪ޳֮£Īڴ˰
һźȾƵĴƽЦ˵Ļֻš
Ϊʲô
ѵ֪λ÷ֶʲô𣿡ƽֵ죬滰ǻԣֻҪУܻš
Ԫյ֪ҵȻ֪˵ʲôҶţĻұ㲻ϵˡ
ƽٵȴˡ

ƽ΢΢ۣ޷ӸϽ⣬֮͢أѾԭֻܿ˰ά֣طҲҳһƬ˰գûǮʲô첻ɣǽƾţ޷֧һҵĲ
Ԫռʵа취
ƽٵѵûڴ


񰲾֡
ιιιģϣѾСˣôһװ
̴İ칫ңк򣬾ֱܾƹȥͺ޲˺ˣôѽ
ոԼһƣбڹǰѵ֪ѾΪأ
Σ
һ־֮¡
㡭Ȱɡ
ʶʱΪܰպǺһЦһֵҾǴµǴϾиҪǱãɱҡ
޳ܣ
̴Τۡ˼ͬʱ
պٺһЦһ̳Ӿߵǰ£ų̴˼ĵ˾Ѿƻˡ
̴ɵΪʲôȥ˷˰
ЦΪˣ뵱Ұ㱳˶ٹһֱûҵᱨ㣬ΪȻΪ׼һӣȻýơ
ѽѽѽҾ֪Ҿ֪˹ûаġ̴ӵ
˼۳̴ԾǹŻ㣬Ҳš
ɲһ
̴û˵ÿʵֻˣҪǴӱɨϣⲻǻʲô
΢΢һЦƱ£ɫҽΪ¡
̴ѵ㻹ʲôУ
Це̸ϣֻϣٴζһ飬Ǵеʲô
ǽ˷ô̴ߵ
˼ĵά·ͨ
յͷԣҪ֤·ͨ
̴ߵɲ˷ôֵ·ͨ
ؼ
յҪŻΪһ˶ץҲû˻ǵģֻҪ˲ɷݣڵ·ܶ͢й¶ϢȥǾȥˣ㰮Ƕ١ңʵʱ򣬻ɱӺŪһǿǿȻͻẦ¡⣬һὫձƬЩ֪ϾҪȹһΣǲգҴձȥͶˣסǧܼߣǷǳΣյģһҪ԰Ϊһų͢
ΤͻȻǴα겻α֮ôʧ⣬ȫ˷ˣǿҲֻԽԽࡣ
ЦһΣİ취Ѿ뵽ˣֻҪҶסһʱ䣬Ǿˡ
˼ľϲѾ뵽취أ
յͷȻҵñܡһҪסȥЩǿ棬ŻΪǱǣǾͱȥǣȵһָȻͻɢȥ
˼ĵ⵹Ǻѡ
˭˵ѡ̴ҡҡͷյţɵüסһؿװţñãȻĻǿܾͻǿˡ
˼뵽ѽݶûС
Цŵͷ֪ˣһǱ߹ͨõģǵġ


1813 
ûգ̴˼ľٽó׼˺ȥ˷ˣҪ˺һȽңһǴƵľڣ˿ڼô˰ҲǼʴǿҲߣϱҪ䷶Χǳ㣬˭ûȥȥ٣춼ҲһˣݵĹ԰㾡ժܹö١
ǳ͢ųǿǧţջﴵͬʱЩЯĴձȥ;ˡ
һڴձʽ󲿷˰գǻ֮ƣֻ˵ٸ׼˰գû˵ʽ⣬Ǻʽһ˰գҲûΪҲ
оһҪЩǿ˽Щڻ
ȻҪǴԼѾȶΣѾҪȥˣСǸ˧ɵЩ鷸Ƶ²¡


ʣڸʲô
˵ŴС¬ʦԡʽʵ
ʽƵǾԱô
ֻǹٷ˵պһٶǣȦȦУΪʱ䣬ϼٸȦȦһһʱͿˣô˻Ūôá
Щ滭ȦȦ
ЦΪʱйǿЦ𣿡
֪ίżա
һ˯ʱûûҹĸɣ㻹⡣
ʵ֪⼸ôҪҪұǡ
ʽܾѵһʱɣͲأΪ£
պߵ˭µģ񾫼ԱѾȥĸԱɻ֮͢ʣѵʲô¶ҾͷҲɲ˰ңĿǰҪǮҵýԱְҵȷ𣿡
ʽܲˡ
ϴô˵
ɻĿźգΪżԱŶˣЩ¿ɶŪģһа취ճֻһֱûóѣںһȹȵʺǶˣ¿ܾͱˣôżǵٸգ֮ڣһɡ
˵ģ֮ڻδɣǾȦԼְɡŶʱҸûʱ䡣
յһۣȻתȥˣһǳıӰ
֮󣬺ȥ
ҪݶѾͳƳˡ
һŴ̽ڳ͢յϸ˹
ҷѽʹЩˣǲסϣֻǳο
Ŵ̲סǺ񶼱곤
ҪұȵĻǻϸպߵ
Ŵɫһ͸úܲζ
ùϷ˷ʱгһϣϽ˲ʾԸЩֻҪ֤ЩܹԱһ꣬͸ǣרҵʿָǣԼۻ
Ŵ·ûһ㣬͡͸ǣ
յͷ
ŴϽЩϿ˿ȻûһЩСģҲǮѽУǳ͢ǮģһЩ½ģ͢ôȱǮ
յ֪ЩܹʲôæҪûóԣ㻹ںǻǮôңû뵽취ӸϽЩ⣬ǲͣģһҪϷųõϢģðų͢ȵ취ʱղŻǵİš
Ŵͷðɣȥ졣

¥
һ㣬Ŷˬ
ϣĿţվһɫˣ֣š
ǹǡ
ǣ㻹ܰѾ߶ҪúһЩ˼ҿרҵѽ
޵
ޱô˵ΪѾ߲
һۣŮҪɵһ㣬˵ĻԲŻŮ˿ġ
ǵŮҲġ
չЦ
ʵỹҪдЩô
ȻҪдͣյ
ǺΪʲô
յô
ǵ˵˲ɡ
ðɣһء̾ʵҲ֪ôҲеġ
ûѽ
Ѿ˵Բˡ

պǺһЦֵҲûа취ʵֻҵĻ֮ƣĿǰʵûа취ȥ⣬ʲôսʧȥĵģø⣬ֻܴ곯͢ղŻġ
ʵôһ취ûУ
̾ҷǳҲͬ⣬帮̫һ㣬ûǮطҲûǮҵطٸˣҾҪ˰Ҳûһ˰ȥֲǮᰡ
ǵҿɡ
տЦǶ˿ģü˭֪ûⰡô⣿
ǵһ˼ңⰡ
Բ̾˿Ǿٶఴһɣ˵еġ

ôյ߻á
ʾȥ֮ЩС̾ͱˡһɶ
ϾѾתˣջˣ帮ǱˡҶ֪һߣ壬ֲҪǮֻҪ㽫˸룬һڷԣ͸ˣǵͳɱͶ룬ֵһģˣһЩԱʼ֣ΪЩʮڵСǻǹԱǶʧҵΣ
ʵڶδ򣬾͵µչô㡣
ڳڵʧҵһȦվ͸ˡ
ͬʱǾԱĹѾȫǱʵҪһЩΪͷӵĹְȫȡҲȫƃҲֻ֪Ҫһˣǵﻹлٻġ
ΪǲüЩӱЩǣй͵ĶûжΪЩӱǿԿƵģԼӸõˣЩ˵ĸĸҲö˵ʲôҲõҲʧȥģҪǽЩھ¹͵ĽٶˣǾľͿܻңǲ©ǻҸˣ˭Ҳᾡȥ
ȻͷϷĳΪ⼸ԱӣҪĳɫһӾǧԱ
һɽɽߣ⺫ձݣ˲üǧԱبδй¡񵱳ûôţʱǷǳḶֿ́ˣŶȡ֮ȫƾԼӡȥѡεĹԱʲôˣҪʴǶǱε£ΪԲƽ
ʧȽͺܹƽˡ
Լûп˾ˣôȥοҲֻǿһۣ׼ˣ˭ԼҲʵҡҶ˱á
նǻȦȦˣҲ˵ǲá
ȻеˬҪӹȥҲûȥҺ֣ϾһˣȨҪΪкܶཫһ˵㣬ǾǺһ˵㣬ǵһЩӵͱոŪȥ٣ûܵǣҲڼҵţȵʱ˵
ڶѾںʲô˲ţô˲ŽŪ˲ѾĻ䣬ҲºճûԼΪڳоŴһĸô̵ʱڲõôˣҪû£ģҲûʱ䣬Һոûп
ҺղõƷµĹԱҪ󳼣϶ǻʵִ绹еģƷ󳼼š
ʾȥٳʱһƬ
ֱԭӵ
˽ԩԼǳίôҵҵ㡾ְأҾ̰ڣǾȻҸˣǲƽˡ
һӴȥǲܳҳ鳼ǾУⲻܲеģʵ̫ˣڼ̵ʱɵġ
͸ӿֲҪعʱڵıƣҪձ㣬ԱӵıʵҪڳΪﵱϣĴӪתƵǱȥûеĹԱȥԹԱ˷ǳࡣ
һѻ͸յĸɸɾ
ΪողĹԱְ϶ߣͷһҲûжЩҲˣεˣεĻ塣
һŸʾȥͽཨͥȫɨ֣ڻûбɨֵģǱڼңǽҪٵľͲǱô򵥣ǲҲһƤ
ŵģȽȶȥˡ
˲ɶתΪʲôƻؼТҲ֪Լ治ֲ̫񣬵ĻǴھơ
ٺ»ʲôģͳͳĨȥ£ǵְʲôҲȫջء
һ˹ԱȵķŭǶҪ˵
˵ǣûǮôˡ
Ǿְɣν涼ѾҳǼ࣬Ǽ١ҹſڣõվδػҶ֡
ЩԱַǳΪǲϽȥ£գ͢ʩѹΪȾڴձдԱΪ˼յѹʽ󲿷˰գоͰ
˵ЩԱУܶʿźܸߵڸ
뷨ܼ򵥣ܻý˰ûԣֻû˹ְҪһһ¡
䲻ȥǣⲢ͢ôŹˡ
Ϊʵ۶ûи˵ģܵǷģԱֻ֣߶߲ˡ


հոոջصͼվڣΪﱻҲȥ
ֱӴűȥ֡
¥ձʲô
ԴӴҵ֪ص֮̾͢͵õһЩ⣬ټ̴½˷ˣԼ˷ȥĴձصľҲûм񻯣˶Ŷܹǡ
ڷ𣿡
ҡ
æ
ôŸʲôҾ˵˵ѡպǺһЦɫؼ沢һأ
æ¶綫ԤƵһԴӴҴӴձ֪ȶ֮˶Ϊ԰͢ȹһΣʼݺݵˣ⼸궼ˣ̵ֲͨǵҲ̫дʳǾȥ;أأټǴʹصĵʿҲʼڷļ沢أİձΪĵũôȶ
ʵЩ˽ģǿǸʲô
Ϊ̴ŽڣǶһЩ£Ҳ·ٵĶˡ
ʵõǮأ
ŵģʱ˭ó˵ǵˣЩ˽ĵĴǮ±˴šǳ̴ǧ£׽ˣôȥĻԼ˶᧿Σ˽ǿɶǵѽ
ʲôǧˣһҲˣǶŻ˵ģôġ΢΢һЦΪ̫ã̷Ǯ׼ãȺҵʱһһٽЩǮϴ׵ģؼա


1814 ֮
ʵ⾫Աһ£ڷ⽨ԭ֮£Ϊ⽨ĹԱǾȨǺѡʱʵ̫ǡˣΪ͢ԭ̱ɾȫӹܣҺԵ²Աϲ㶼ţĻ϶졣
˵βôǿó͢άתǺǲ룬ΪҪά־ͱҪǮֻܼ˰Ҿͻҡ
⻹Ҫԭ򣬼ǧԱٺ»ʵܹǿάš
ؼӵĹŻͳŸìܣôκ۰죬һִܹСҲȫȨΪЩ˶ˣǿ϶뾡취ֹձ䷨ζһƴԺյġƴֹĻһ᲻ǻһҪֹĻҾһ˲Ϊ𰡡
ôģǺҲôģΪһͼƻõģҪᣬȫ飬ҪﵽĿĵĻǴҾͶ棬ΪڳȫûȥԿҪǵﻺͷǳΣˡ
ǷǳᶨվںߣΪ帮ʧȥģȷʵģؼʱ򣬻ʵ۵ȻվߣⲢ˵ζںնôôΣεҲǷǳ׼Ҫȶġ
Ҳ֪һ㣬ͲЩԱôȥкԼ¡
պմأЩˣϽѲӣѾˣҲҪ˸أһЩģԪԪִԪұ˳
Сˣ
С磡

ոոճ֣Сĺ䶯ȫ˳
ȻѾΪǴһϲƺΪС硱˵С硱ϰߣǺձͲͬĹԱƽʱϲЦܼʲô˶һԼûнԼһ࣬´ҶԱӡǷǳġ
ճŴЦҽǵģϾǳŵҪҲóû
СģǳĻһõġŵ
ЦΪûݿ˼ݵĻǳľϸҿùġòãǻʵ˵ѽ
̵ʵ˵ʵ˵СԵһ¡
ôţһЦУҪʲôû
ָϽܵһڣһֻһľ˳С磬¿Ľרֽڽī֭Ⱦϣ֮֮ﶼһõġ
˵˵ţľУֻһЩСƿӡ
һСƿӣյչʾԼĽҪ身գΪԼƷ棡
νһճϼ
ǲѽ
ǸǰõĻ治һ

˿ƵƵͷأǸϽǰЩҿֻϡ氡
ֵǵȻⶼģõÿµطǰûеġ˵ţ§أңٺЦأҴ磬ǿɵýܺ
أͷЦǺǵǸá
֪⽺϶жĽǿ϶Ҫ˺СӲ쳵ôôָУʼ㽺أ
ֵС֪ѽ⽺Ǵӳ淢չģҳеӲҪõôδҵʵĽҸɴչһҽרо⣬ӵĽûŪŪýԾ͸һС
ԭˣ
Цŵͷ⽺¶ҪҰæ
ֿĵĹЦ
ķ񣬾ﴵǰֵĵӶߴȥġ
ﶺƬ̣ȥ
̫ԭīʣ
ͻȻͣ˭ģ
ҿģҿġ
һ˴ӺȺм˳̵
յȻ˭ģֻǹôһʣЦʵëʵ𣿡
ǣǡ̵Ц˵öС㡣
պ˻
̵СǰǴһֻô
Цŵͷкιϵ
ϵɴˣ̵ЦСĻǲëʣҪ̿ʻԭֻһСרΪСֻ̿ʣ֮󣬾ͽһ㣬˳㻹һЩĽСԵһ¡
˵գ棬ܿżֻʳˡ
վȵǦʣ
Ǧʣīʣʯīġ
𣿡
һ֧ǦʷǳƣҲľͷֻǦоεģϾͷԲҪ׵Ķ࣬ſ˿治ͨľͷѽôģ
̵ٺٵҼһλֽİ취ֽһЩľͷѹƬȻٰо棬Ƿˡ
̵Ҫõ
̵Цǲãδ֮ǰȰãԸܹϡ
ּð
̵ֻЦŵͷ
ҲЦЦīʻӱҿҲҪȥԼܰˡ
̵ϲæ⼸֧ʾ͸С磬С
յȻҪȻ¸٣Ǳپȴ֮ˡ
һ㶣漴Ц
ȥҴ˿ǰһĲƷ˵۸񶼲ˣҲûкôã뷨ǳӱһרΪ͵ģȻ϶ʲôֲͣġ
ɼȻڳҵŻԵĴʧ֪Ǹڼ䣬Щûԭֶڻ˲٣Ծо²Ʒ
ЩûʧҵԼʧҵǾľڸоŪ˺ܶϡŹֵĶϾͶ֮࣬ڻ滭Ⱦϡ
ϣλԪС磬ϡͣϡͰ
żҵļӹŴϽӭ˳
ԪǺǵҸתƴ죬ǵһǵ˰
Ŵ¡
Ԫֲоֻǵ
˵ЦˣڨڨһЦȥɡ
Ŵ棬ĿŵƷպǺǵҲ²Ʒ
Ŵ̾ûа취һǰҲܲˣֻܹţЩֶҼҵˣܲܽǸˣҾǾ󾫣ŪһЩù߳ЩһͷŪ֮ࡣ
ЦؼǷггʮҲ࣬ûõĶһӶࡣ
ŴæС绹˵ͦõģвٴ˼ﹺ򡣡
ԪһСǸʲôõģ
ŴרԵġ
ԣ
Ԫֵͷĵһϲ
Цˣ
ԪֵǺЦ
ֵ˿ֶСũߡߣǷǳϸ֣ǰһͷء
أҿЦС磬һǴĻﵹԵࡣ
չЦó궼ġ˵ţŴʹʹ
ŴᣬϽأȥĲƷ
һͷ󲮣ǾͷΣ
ԪЦŵͷǳð
ЦЦǵϿɲЩ
Ԫ㶣漴Цˣϣһ
հڰֵԪҪȫ£ֻҲܹѽǱ߻ݵȵҲҪЩԪǱҪģΪʱļ۸ԶȽϱˣٹһ꣬۸϶ҪһЩǱѾѳѾʣڵԭǱũʲô޻ơʳЩǱ߶ûԭǡǡȱũһ˫Ӯ
ԪЦѹ㵱ұ֤ԭѾˡ
ڨڨһЦûӣ¶һ飬ֻܲ
Ԫֵ磬˵ҲЩǵǱȱٵġ
ԪͷҲֻ֪С߯һ㡣
ֻС棬ʲôỹдҪŵΣԸὫǸŻЦҵְôҶ׬ǮôǮ
ϽƻôЩķչѾչʱԪҵĲѾǳֲٴĻֱ̽ȥ
⵱ȻҲǺƺõģȻĻұ֤Ͼɲƭ
ֻû뵽ǣѾӭһĻƽʱΪϵĹҵѾ𣬶ҽӵдԭϡһתվһԭϲأƾǵ̣˲ŶڳҪԶԶǿڽϵģټ⼸øû¸ɣģǱо
תһգջص˱
ջɣľͿ첽ӭ˹Ѿ̵ɴˡ̵õܣǵʽ̫ԭңɴһˣǸǵ飬ļҲƲչôǮ·δǲ鵽ǰǴи״ƽٵļūƽɢҲƣеūȫ˵ݣɣΪɴʽȫڴ޼ҡ
ЦȻ
ɣľС̫ԭϺӴ϶۴ǿʿ壬һͶôǮͼɶ
ЦǮʲôҶԣǷǳģȥǣͼı죬棬ҿɲҪǣӦκη档÷庫ΨһȲӴϵľ˶⣬ҶǾͻΪʿˡ
ɣľЦŵͷ֪ˡ


¡
Ѿʺ帮ȫãʱҲӦóİ취ˣҪٲеĻܾƾ޷ˣƺûдУȥǱӲ졣
ĳŴƽ˵
һֱΪӦҪ֣ǺΪǲС
ƽۣûô򵥣ֻҪԸ帮ǣշȥУʱ̻ǿԽЩ˶Ұģ֮䲢ûгͻɼҪһΪʲôҪӣڵʲôֻܿʱʲôУҿҲϲ˶ˣô£˭Ҳӡ


˾գ²ˣ󶼻Ǳ߸ոմϢެĽɣһ̲СɣȫסҴͨ˹ĵ·
ƃ΢΢
ʲôԲȻǴ󶼻Σ
ƃЩƵެһغֻǳŲ˹ǱȥģƺԴֶ֮мǱߣΪ˶δȥĲȣҲóȻϾǱߵפǺܶࡣ
ͷ̾ѾǲеĴңϷǰһֱެֻʴϷǰѾնǰ¹Ȼ룬ެȥǱߣȻûдԭû٣㴫мȹ˺ô󶼻Ҫ
ƶѾҳ»޲֪ܲǴƲδսҲûҡ»ϻسԵѵͲóȻȫ濪սϾ¹ȻǱߵľӶڣұǰפһߣƱҲûжפϻҲȫصסˣҲûҡ
»ؾȰѸռıռˣ߾;䣬ʴȥߵʵҲ˵ӦǷǵλ÷ǳҪͨʳ˹ҪͨʵǰҲެĿУֻϻְʷǺ³ʱ򣬱мûռˡ
ެܵöţ߱ưΧסܵһڡ
»̴÷ǳȷΪƿսĻƳͿԽìתƵȥŪֵûͷĻȥһأެʿɥضûռˡ
Ʒչս϶ģϾԭõĵطӹɵġ
ҳȷʵҲܲǱߡ
ⶼ̸ţɶѶϢɶͻȻҲǿרٹˣݹٸĵ飬Щǿȫ˲Ͼ壬ǷֳɣһƳһɾҪһˣҪһҲסˣ̽һ£ɽŪңʵǲˣٸҲɽҲңǱɳƶ
Ȼⶼ㲻ѩϼ˪ٲƵĻ϶ͻҡ
Ǹ⻹ûнûǮطҲûǮ


Ͻ¸֪ΣθϽٿ飬Ӧԣ
գ̵£ʱ˿̣øϽȥެǴެ̲Сɣެ̴Сɳ
»ʲôˣϷˣ᳷ͲˣѡǴ֣֪߳ǶǱЩ޳ĪǼǰҪȥެսʤҲ󣬱Ͼ̫Զˣοڵⶼûн
ε˵ͷ
е˾¹ٵ˼ˣƣʵ֮ʵ֮»޴˷϶Ҳ֮̽⣬϶Ҳڹ۲ҴƾƵı仯Ǳ˲϶Ҳˣʱ͢ҪǿӲǿǵʵǶ˲֪ݡݻǱȽȶӦݡݳЩܡ
üһ˲սأ
Ǿ֮ս˲ڲзǺŽᣬǿ֮֮л
¬ʦҲֳû֮ˣܹϢĻһ䱾
⼸˶ʢ帮Щ˾һɽǵĴӪ
һǼôǿӲҲɽʿȫֳ֧͢Եһͷֿ
Ҳ˵ͷһתҲֻȨ֮ƣ֮ӦƽһΣ
ͻȻһֱĬĺգǾݣæʵ뵽취
һֱͷĺգȻƤһ̧ƴǡ
ԴѾˣҲ˿ǡ
Ҳ֪ʲô˼һãȻǸ㲻һͻҴţҪ˵ˡ
Ϻ궮գةȥɶ֮¡
̷ӦһǸϽȥگ
ǷǳίǶΪǰ£ΪʲôҪ£ѵǡ
Ǽı飬Ծǲǡ
һʵ۶ˣҲֻܸˣȻǶ¡
ǵھʣΡˡ
ſڵ£ʵ΢֮ǰѾ뵽һ취
Ⱥ˵꣬αΪβ˵
ʱ㻹Ҵš
ڨڨϢŭֻΪ΢˼ƣ֮ߣƸ֮ƣЩʡ
εҲܱûеĺãӦ˵ѽ
Ҳʱհǰ˺ġ
ֵ΢˲ߣʵ˵˵Ҫõöࡣ
ԽԽͿˣ㾿˵ʲô
ҲһĿźա
յ£΢֮ߣǷйծ
ծ
ͬʱһ㶣ȫ⡣
յ˵ծǽݣֻǹսǮұ֤֧һϢ
һ仰ʱǻڴˣźգ˵һڿЦɡ
ⲻǱ˰ô
Ƶ
ʲô˰ǮҪģֲƭǮƵ˾գ£˰ǿԵģǲûģǮԸģҪ֧Ϣ񡣡
̾δҲ̫쿪ˣͳ͢˰˭Ը⽫Ǯ͢ʹ͢Ը֧Ϣ
յΪʲô֮ǰû˵ǳ˵Ƹ֮ƣҲ˵Ҫȡйծİ취ʵԽԽڹծķС
ü˻
յ¿֪ΪλᱬһΣ
һֵȥЩ¡
ϵʵ΢Ҳ֪ԭ򣬵һ΢ΪǿԿ϶ģһΣΪģ֪¿ɷͬ
̵޵Ȼ֪ɼûз֣ûзս£˻ʲô
˵ţŭ
յͷȻΪģҲǹҵǮûбָɣʳû٣ֻǽĳЩ˵Ǯ档
̾Ҫްɣܲס
΢ҪǱֻһ
ʲô
յ΢ʱ£»׷𣿡
κߵ޲Ҫ׷Ҫ׷ףֻûйȥ¡
Ǳˡյ⳯͢Ǯ뵽˽˵Ǯ棬ô˵ǶһΥΪôǮǮǼùģȵ׷ЩǮɾͳΪɽ󣬱ϾֵôҪ׷ɾͲǼ򵥵ĵ飬һҪ
ʵΣ
յծ԰Щ˱ЩǮأ
Ρͬʱһ㶣ƺôһ㡣
յ͢ԶкԪейծĻһӹծöȣкԪбϾһֱôΡкԪбϾ˽Ӫģǳ͢ģкԪб֤ͻ˽Ҳ˵ʲô˶ծ
Щ˿ɶǳƻɲǽǮó
յƽʱǿ϶óģľƿɲǡ
һôңʱܻᱻ٣ǮѾòٰȫʱңǱǹҳеա
ǰѾگѾָҪ£΢źܶ˻ὫЩǮծ㱣ԼҲǳ̰٣ܵѾ˶ӳȥЯôǮӳȥ⼸ǲܵģֻҪṵ̈ͷһὫЩǮȫһɹծġ
δϺյĻȻˣ
˳֮¡
յ£Ҫ飬ɷһ֮ȵý帮ǸųңҪҳǲ֮أҲ£Ϊؼǣ̰еʳֻһֶѣ΢øծ

΢Щľ飬һƷǲõģֻҪ˶࣬ͻԣ˶ãôⶫһǺõġտʼйծҿ϶ó͢ˣʱҪЩ̰ͷǣЩ˽ǿǶŪ˲Ǯʳһʱ϶Բ꣬ǵȵ͢ЩʳǿɾǻѽǶ飬ֻҪõǵһЩ׵Ĵ̣ǿЩֻῴܶ˶ծҹծͼģǾͻᵱһͶʣôңǮڼֲǮծĻϢ
Եͷ⵹ͦġ
ǰһ⣬ͽĿŵЩʵϣһУҪЩΪʵļһﶷǶ£ʵǮЩǽеʳǮϴһա
Ϊʲô˵취ϵԽãЧԽãΪǮԽѽܾùֵֹģҲ˵̰˹ҵǮ˰յǮ͢ôｫЩǮ֧Ϣд
յʴ΢˵֮ߣôȷʵԲ£ҲԲ°ա΢һֱõİ취ҪƽȣҲ˵ġ
ԲգҲҪð
뵱µľƣһЩԥˣΪʵۣ²̫ôӦֿ˾Ϊأ
Ȼε˼ϳΪ֮ӦԴΪأٲȡκδʩĻɶңǺ롣
εͷʵգаܹɹ
յ£΢ҲûоԵİգϾ³ҲǵһظɣԻҪӹծöȡ
εӣ
յҵʲͱµӡ¡ҵʲѺкԪУڹծӡϱµӡ¡
Щѽ
ֵģʲѺ־ݶѣʹȨڹ
γΣʵǮ
һǧᣡ
յȷһǧĹծΪ꣬ʮǮϢ֮һ黹֧һϢϱһһǧһᡣŶ˵һǧһᣬȫʳǰۣʮһۺϵģΪ͢ҪʳǻңһҵĻҲ費ô࣬ڵǰҲ󡣡
ʳӲֻͨݣԼ֮õţĻҶѾ򲻵ˡ
ֱð̫ƽʢ۹һ㣬Ҳô࣬ôеǮǶǽģ֮Ҫ֧ôһǮؼ͢Ĺ涨һ˰գǮʱôѽаյʱԻô
շǳŵֻҪȹһΣаգǮȫ塣
˶ʵԲԶһҲûѡެڱϻڴҺôĿԳü˼Σİðɣ¾ȫȨɡ
΢


1815 ֮

ǵ󣬺һ̧ĨĨͷϵĺƣ֮ɫ
һۣЦ֪Сһа취ġ
Ƶҽ˾գ˾ת£˾ջӦô
治ɫϷȥջСɣټ࣬ϷҲ岻ݴǡ
⵹ҲǡյͷֻϺ꣬˵ʱȥոСɣݿ϶Ҹ𣬵ʱұ̾˾գʵⲢҵı⣬ֻҵ²ߣٸһЩʱգҶõİ취Ͼڱ£ڳ͢ڰնǳƽ
ͷ̾ʱѽǱҪϽ⣬Ҫȥֻˣ˵ǮǮĵʱǵ㡣
⵹Ҳǡ
յͷ
ʵаܹ赽ôʳ
յеģҲһܹɹϾһԣǷǳӵģһᾡΪ
ʵͽˣ㵽ʱаջ壿
ŵĵͷҵаգʱ䣬һǧʲô
⻰ǳ֮ڣǸ˶ᵱڴţǺղһɫɣЦŵ˵ͷ
һţһȥ
ʹ棬˱ϵԼ
һͻȻɫһ䣬һĨЦ⣬룬ǷģǮһ赽ֵģֻʱ֮һ֮ǺǣһҪʲôᵳӪ˽̫ͼˣծѣΪԶᱳҡ

Ԫң
һǧʳ
ԪŵĿźա
յͷ
費Ԫʱ˿Ҳ亹ֱðѽ
Ԫ̵գǲ㣬ʵһĿԪҿǳеѽԪ˽һԪҿɾˡ
յҿԱ֤֮͢ڣܹǮ塣
ԪҵȻ㣬ǡ
Цл˵޷ûˡ
Ԫҿɾֱ˵ˣҪôҲ֧ģΪ˵óһܹ͸ϽƻһԳ͢裬еǹծ⳯͢ɷһ˵㣬˵㣬ǵȵ͢ȹΣ»᲻ô㣬˭Ҳ֪ͺñأ㻹ֻǻȥТ䣬ҾһߣʵǸеǰ
ԪҲǳǵ˵͢ѺһЩظǣǣ͢ʱˣҲó͢ûа취ң͢ͺš
յͷЩ˹ծˣҲдֵǵġ
Ԫ׵ɲôծܷȥһ
Ȼᣡ
ԪͻȻۺա
Եͷ
ԪƬ̣ȥһҸһ¡
ǡ
ճ߹֣Ȼȥˡ
һߣԪױ磬㲻ỹӦɣǲǲκգǲγ͢һΣѾ˵͢ǲֵεģǵְԪңǳ͢
ִ壬ܶ೯ԼļҪģ»ʵֻۣҪǳԹУܹ֤ԪҲν
ԪһΣҲǣһʧȥգЩ˶кӹġ
Ԫֵ磬ƺл
Ԫ뿴ծɹȥЩծ˶һЩʲôˣ
ȻһЩǮˣñ˵ˣʿڹԱ
ЩԸȥծĻո˵һǳؼԭҲ˵ʱȨƵˣԸټճ¡
Ԫ֡Ԫһۣԭôһ˼
ԪֵǵˣҲˣôҲΨգпܽծϣǵʱҵߣɺԪҶԣǷǳģңеǹծ͢ʱˣҲѽʴˣҾãһǿġ
ԪԵͷܹչȨԼߣҲÿԣϾʲôʧǿɶùģʵѾ֤һˡ
ԪҲ˵ͷ
ʼջǴԪ
ȷֽ֮ո˽
գѾӦҪ󡣡
л󲮵֧֡
ֻãԪҲŻã
ԪǺЦ
Ҷղ

ʱ֣֡
Ѿ
ɡ
Ƭֻ̣ѹòȻ˽
¡¹ٲμ
Ρμ
˶߶µչһгſ־塣Ǳ¡罭ֵܡ
һЦһ˦ϣԼɡ
ֵŵ͵һ˰ΣΨΨǡϽµϣŻ谵⣬ϸ
Խ¿˫ȶԽѾ˻Ӱ

ͨһȹ
罭Ҳ
Ц·ǳߣҪǽЩ״øȥĻģģֻ»Ҫųնйͷ֮ޡ
ֵҪųնֻһѣոæֹΡҸʱ䡣
ֵܱסһ㣬ֶۿźգ̿޺
˵ţտͷ
壿ǺǣǷѽհһЦҪס˵Ҳѣ˵Ҳף
ȼһ˿ϣ̵кηԸܷԸСˣϵɽǡ
ˣˣ⻰ͱ˵ˣУǵɽϵȥô
һֻ֣Ҫǰﳯ͢һ£ұ飬ǣˣһųնӲ˵ģǣҲǲܹġ
罭һĨ֮ɫʲô£
ʱ
ģ¾Ͱֵˡ
罭Ҳһס
Цʱǵĳɼ
ǣ
ʱһ˽ںնߵһѾҪˡ
յͷֳֵܵˣǸϽȥ׼һ£ʱѾˡ
¹ٸˡ
¹ٸˡ


ʡ
ծ
С¬ʦԵʱǶһ֮ɫ
յΪʲôǻֵôȣΪܺǸɱ£ʽѣ衯Ǻܶ˶ѡһѡôǺô
ʽܿЦõˣҲһĵѽ
û뵽ձ˴죬ͱôһУҪô׵ĻǻôҲѽǮ˭ѽҾһɹġ
պߵΪ㲢֪ǶôȰԼң֮ǰͲǿҪֹϣƤ֮ëɸĵҲףˣǻкӹô
Զԡ
֣еˣ˶˽ģ˶뵽һ㣬ͲһΣҾֻ˿Ц
ֵǮҪֵǮôˣЦҲνյûиõİ취ôǾҲ޷ɣ費ֲ˵ܱ˰Ҫðɡ
룬Ҫ±Цͽɡ
Դûһ˿ãУһֱûﶼֹǲǺУŴС
¬ʦͻȻǮϡƽǻ𡭡
̿¬ʦԣ˵࣬ôܽĵ
Ҷ֪¼ŵľǳ͢һΣǳ͢һߣһƻ˵Ļȫ繷ƨһ㡣
Ц˵һŵĻǾͲˣŵĻҲû֤㿴ǳ͢ʲѺԪкͽУΪһֵɼ͢ĵġ


1816 ô
ȻҶÿЦ⡭ľ췽ҹ̷ѽǳ漣ĻǸܵģǾ˷ʱ䣬Ҳûɷԣ͢ûǮҪǮԸ֮£͢û˵˭ȥǮծǹģǲţǲˣƾʲôӦ
һʵ۶ѾӦôˣҲֻܴҪЦҲЦ͢
ڹծȯôƺˣҪ˵ծȯȫ˽͢Ҳģӡˢʴˣ˻ʵ۵ӡ£ӡ£˹еϡֽšͼǶǺƵģ⣬Ԫкͽеӡ£һŹծȯӡ¾ĸ
׼ķǳ֡
⻹ҪﱸģΪڳݡݣԼ;;أԽҵĵطԽҪծΪծΪȥϴǮѽҲҪ̫ã˵ҪȿкԪУҪȵȥֱӽСԪˣڽ£ЯծȯȥأŪһǾˡ

ݡ
ǻˣʲôԸ
̷ڻˣǴɿ̴ǵ˳ŪҲλΰ
رܵҲһƣ̬Ѿ˵ˣʳ׼ãЩͭǮҲݶһʳ˶ã͢ͻڸطһֹծĶǾֱʳծ
̷ȵծʲô
ǹսǮŵһֽݡ
̷ǵǵʳôóѽôʳױ˴ŵġ
ŹծľǽУʱֱϵУлæ͵ġ

̷˰ΣĵЦһлþ
ǵ񻹲ˣֻһͷģ뾡һа취ʹ˽ǿЩ߿һɹծȯ
̷㶣ºѣ͢˵Ļֻš
͢ĻûţǶĻѵҲûôпǶģģѾȥЩˡ

һжﱸ׵֮󣬳͢ʽⷢϢᷢмֵһǧʳĹծȯҪʳծȯĵλҲǶɲǹᡣ
ǹٸԪ˽Ӫ۹ծȯٸ룬ΪٸѾһʱ˭ιٸңٸĻЩ̰Ҷѽ
ȻСԪżߵȻܼң˶ȡǮû˵һǮټɣľ˵¥ʲѺԪУֳ˰յǮⷴеࡣ
ȻҪĻǺգϣ˵ʡƶģû˵ǻʵġ
ɼˣ߰䲼֮󣬳ķ춼һƬЦ
͢ô̵ޣֵϢ˭˲֪ѽʱ˭ҽǮ͢㲻Ҳû˸ҽѽˣȥʷ飬ĸ͢ǽҳ㷹
ЩõĹԱڳЦգʲôȻְ취ְ취ܹǱ˰ҲѽҲԵѽ
ЩǺ޺յˣʼҵߣ͢Ǳ˰˭˭ɵ
ǳЦúҲģŪ˰죬⻹ҪʰսǮ
ëʼǳѽ
ҩ費ǻ᲻أ
ĵǣǶ಻ʤ
ǸĻ̻ѽ
ûգ͸С˵һ㣬һת
һʳﲻ̫Ǳȥ
һЩˣżѽҲ֪ĸôȱۣȥһ£ϽЩɵȱǧҪϳ͢ĵѽ
ϧǣΪΪ˱ͻ˽÷ǳֻҪ־ݣʳĻԼȥͣ㻹ָϣʲôʱʲôص㡣
ˣծȯҪʵ֣СĻֱƱȯΪĻΪVIPҲҪָ֣ƺΪдŷ棬һʵĻסȻļһѡһҲ߶Ҫ
Ҷڽⷽ滹ǷǳģϾзôûгΪеļ¢ϵģ˼Ҷ֪
ЩЦյҲֻϾǲȱɵӡ
ҹﲻѽ
ҹնڷǽϣһʳ̫ȥ
Ҳû˹ǣڳ˼Ҫ󳼵ĸۡǱϼӿţԱļӣſ٣ΪȥʳʳˡʵǸЩ̰ᣬϽЩ߿һɹծ
̫ˣЦԽ󣬷ծȯԽࡣ
ԽԽࡣ
һϣʳĳӾʹӳ˽ӲǽҲǽеˣһųеʿţǾܵĴֻ˼һֱܵ͵һߵ
ϣ֣㡪Ҳծ
ѽҲô
ǡ⳯͢Ǯܻô
㿼࣬ǻнкԪô
ǣ
ΪɶšպԪҶթˣ͢Ҫˣǲҳ͢ôûаգҲ룬ǿ϶аյġ˵ֵܣ뿴Ҫǳ͢治ȥˣ˵͢ͰնǵʳɾЩʳֳԲꡣڽʳ͢͢ҶáסڳҲˣôծȯ˭ɵѽǵʳóҲû𣬻͢س͢ϢҲǷǳѽ

ʵûʳκҲûʳֻǾΣѣˣʳˣֻǱ˸ŪˣҴҶ˲ʳ⼸ճɶǵģûΣûܵʲôӰ졣
տʼծȯ˶ͦ͵϶ô¶棬ۻڹգǵ۵ķ򶼸ıˡ
ʼծȯ
ȻĴ˵ҺãҶá
ҲоϸĴãòʳҲ̫ȫͶʹծȯ
ձҲʼ£ֹծȯҼծȯ棬ȽԭϢҪߣҪб£ǾȥͶǾͶʹծȯ̫ƽʢ㽫ʳŲҲţֲ࣬ծȯܵõϢ
ǰðרңʵð䣬ЩרңʮоŸƭֻЩ˴ִƭûִնѡ
Ǹֺ¡
ȫΪծơ
ټۼΪʵҽΪһõͶĿ
Ϊʲôת䣬ΪЩ׵ĵҲʼǼȻˣǵȻ˵ãǱԼ¡
ʵǲ֪һʼծȯȫһЩ̰ץرģвó߿ծȯ˳ȥǵͬš
ֵǴǾźսǵȥǱΪ̰
һᣬǶţȨǰǸ帮ģܻк³ģǷҲﲻҲţƲ϶ᱻûգծȯ̫ʺˣˣ֮˭ǵǣ֮ǵ
ȻзգȱĹǵļҪСܶܶ࣬˿ɲ㣬ټǱ߻нСԪУԼʵ۸֤ҪĻкգǿһһļ̣Ҫûаգȫļҵȥô
ˣЩٵĻǺܽǳ߳͢տʼֻ̽һ¡
һеıܵĹôãֱΪ
ټϣֵڱϺƣ͢ǻҪ߳ôǾ֮ѽ
Щ̰Ҳԣھ֮Σܲ͢㣬͢ûǮδػὫƲţҪ󳼵ֶѾˣȨȡᣬǿʼծȯ
ʵֻһƵãȻǲźܶʳǻյĿǽǽЩ
ʵ߳
һծȯѾˣ
õͶʣû֮һ
һЩ˶ͶһЩծȯΪԼף˵һ³ҪǴҶ򣬲ԵԼʱУʱҲŹծȯ԰ڡ
ʡ
ŲˣǶǳ
ÿ˶һ˿ݵĿźգ¬ʦԶˡ
ҲУ
ǡʲôҲ˵ˣ
̾˵ҾǣС֮ĶȾ֮㿴ʵమʿֶ̫Ҫװˡѽ
ʽǺյֱͷ
ʵǰ˵ٶ࣬Եò԰
ѽô򵥵İ취ôû뵽Ҫ뵽Ҿˡ


1817 ߾
òøãеĹծȯȳҪࡣ
ŵĵƣеתΧڽУ帮ĹӪҪĹԱܴаһȥ̰ʵ࣬ȳҪˣϾ˶ŵģҲ࣬ʿҲࡣ
ҲһЩ̰ʼծȯһɷ磬˶ծȯ
ҵĲֿ̾ͱóӯ
ǹƾػУϾǼֵһǧʳʮһ㣬治СĿѽ
ݣ
ҲУ
̴һô£ĿǰŶӹծȯǣֻԼ۶Ѿߵˣ
տʼ֪ϢҲΪǳ͢ˣ
ԭǰշˡ
ծȯǳ͢սǮôΪڵˣ˭˭ɵȱٶڣǳ͢Nڣ˵ģͿԻһ˵ͻҡ
ô棡
طϱҪţծÿһأǶǱ˷
кԪе˸æ
ʱȥ͹æʳÿȽ϶࣬Ĳȱ͹
ֱеĻҪš
Ϊܶ˽ڶ֪ʳȥǿҪ´һ㣬ֻȽʳڵأ˵ң˽ֳܲô͢Ҫ飬Ҳпܲ鵽ͷҲڲء
ֻȨ֮ƣûõġ
Ҷڷʱ򣬹ͻȻ۹ծȯ
ͬʱ˽ţǿͷծȯµһ˶ȥˣôʳ¿һʲôҲ򡣻ЩԼĻ鶼ԼĻȵЩһｫǮϴˣھǽƵǰ棬ɲСȻǲ֪ǣʵЩʵΪӵʳˡ
ǿæȥծȯһٸĽʳ赽֣ϣһ˲ĹϾ̫ƽˣ
˼ĿԼ嵶ûнǮʹ
ΪľݣʵҲǷŹծȯĵطҪ࣬Ǳ˲䱻ˡ
ݵ˽ţǾǺһֵģҲḻģ̷׼ˣֻҪԪпʼ۹ծȯôȽΪծȯơ
ƷԽǾͿ϶Խⶨģ˾һУԼӶһЩȥŶӡ
ݿǺյĴӪݵĸ˶źգԲų͢
ծԽԽ𣬾ͺƱһֵһǧĹծȫһգծһЦһʱУٱһ񻰣ұ仯֮죬ûϵ
ֻ˵̫ˣ
ƨҲ˵㣬ЩνĴ˶޲ɱ
ڵ֪Ϣ֮ϲǲΰ룬ζӳ£֪Щծԭ򣬿֪ж̰ƳԽûгֹô̰٣ĸе£ҾһȺˣһýǮûбӱ¡
¡
ֻ˸ߺܹһҹһٹᣬš
һЩʧ䣬񶼲ʵ͢ѾزˣʰսǮȻôӻԾĽǮ͢Ҫ˵ȥû˻šԭΪֻǺյУû뵽ԭǴУ磬ȥ棬Ҳ֪ô棬Ϳ
ƽЦʵⲢ⣬ֻҪϸ룬ʲô˻ἱڽʳһһűЯծȯ
Ȼ˼ǳ͢Ϊô̰ڲǵ߿
Ӧˡƽٵͷ
⡭
оԴҲ벻λôΪ͸Ӳ˼ˡ
Ա̰˹ҺͰյǮһΪǵǮڻЩ߿֧࣬Ϣûĸôȱ۵¡
ƽٵڱ¶ԣλΪҪģûʲôҪǶںնԣЩծȯԱ֤ڣӵ˿ɺĵλ
ѽ
еܹÿ˶һֻҪкڣôծȯһʧЧģ֮ղڣô͢ͺܻܿʧ񡣺ƾһŹծȯ˵涼Լϡ
ƽٵˣȨקԼ֮⣬͢˭ܹһծ壬ڴ֮ǰǸծģңһ˰գλ㣬ҽô
ҡҡͷȻ֪֮ͦģ벻취ծ
ƽЦÿһ׷ȨһѾǷǳףǺһ壬߶ȫУˣҲΪһ˼ʵĻ
üһ
ƽٵ棬Ϊʲôھ֮󣬻УʵУΪ沢ȡʱա
оȵ沢أΪʲôΪʲôҪʿ𣿡
ǰʿҪʿ͵
ƽٵͷ͵ʱԣѾȥȴдʳǵ沢صʱѾżʣֻΪ֣һǺĻݵġһİսʧȥƣΪṩңʼ̵ʿ𡢵ҲΣʼȴ˰գ˺ձһŤתϵĲ棬ǷǳҪģһֱѹţΪնûкøСûв´һȥͬʱʿˮ
亹һǽ˶ƽȥˡ
ƽЦûǰ棬ὫԼ׵ķĹŪ塣
̾˿ǲʤˡ
˵벻óּƻҲ棬̫£вأǾĳΪǧˡ
ƽ΢΢һЦʵҲҪֳʤûκģӦôзãƱøӸԣǿŲԼһ
̧ͷǵΪô𣿺ܶն˶
ƽٳƬ̣;Ƶı仯ԣôȷɥΪĿģֶΡΪЩǿԱʵ帮ߵһҲһᷢģʺ󲻾õȥô֮ìܻᱬģҪһҪһֻǰˣٻƿ֮УĻһٱҲǶȡѵǾеģҷΪһѣڱס


ǵ
£ծѾȫ۳΢Ͻøعٸܹţ˲ܳס档
꺫յĽ飬¶ԥ֮ɫЩԱλҽʳС
˵Щծġ
ջشǳ͢ҲûеĹԱȫ滻Ҫ滻ҲҪʱģĿǰҪǡ΢һ⣬ʱֹ̰ۡ
æʲô⣿
յĿǰծʳɶڽкԪֱ͢ӽʳкԪеУиԪвʳعٸһÿһ˶м¼кԪпɲΪӬͷС̰
Եͷ⵹ǿС
ֵһ㣬նڹٸѾʧȥΣҲ֪˭ڸΪðιٸ΢ðմӵعٸѡԱʱƹܹٸ
ǰȥѡξ
֪ô
յͷ΢ţػһЩֱԱֻǲ֪ǵذտ϶֪¿ó̴ŻʼҾȥһ飬ѯʰϣĸԱʱӹܹٸƱߵģȹţȵָ͢
ðɣôεͷڶڵطԱѾʧȥģѡҲ֪ѡ˭ҲǱ۾㣬Ҫȥϸ죬Ҫʱģûʱ䣬ٸøϽţס棬ҲϹѡͻѡһֵ֧ˣĻܹðιٸֻһЩˣҲҪ̫ʱ䡣
ͻȻݳ̴ǴϢػ񣬹ٸţɢ޼¡
̵Ҳˣֱ͢صĹӪȫίнг۸ˣڳ۵ķʽͬҲǲȡķʽֻҪ˿Ա֤Աһ꣬һڷԣҽһı֤У͸ˡ˱˵أ⡣
۵ɶùҵǮġ
˰ղЩôί
յ£᲻úײסǣҪȿֺȥأֻôɡ
ֻ֪һЩˣȫȨˡεͷｫ帮޵ùȥˣûиɹô¡
ֵ£Ѿιٸ񰲾ֵδܵ΢ٹٸԱûڸؽ񰲾֣άΰٸ໥ල
εͷ͸ôˣʼѵӪѾĻʼҾ죬ȱ֣ó̴Ǳߣ°ɡ

ֵ΢һ󡣡
εʲô󣿡
յΣѾˣ΢ϣæһ£ʹǹٻؼȥ
Ρͬʱһ㶡
ðûзӦ
˵ʲôβʵ
պ΢ʱǹٻؼһˡ
ξȵΪʲô
ڨڨΪ΢ڸ޶У΢ʹӦǵģֻѣ΢Ȼ岻ݴǣ񳼵Ҳò࣬ǳ޶Ǳߵųʴ΢롭
סڡ
ָźգҧгݵӽ㲻׼ǰᡮСһʣĻݹ޲棬֣һӵĻ𡣻Уǹһ£޿ȷ㣬붼롣
Ǿ͵һ١
С
յǱ£΢ѾӦ޶΢ʧǡ
ε㽫ǽ˵

һЦΪܵҲôҾ²̨ڨڨǱ£һܵջȥɣǵػ顣
úƵ뵱޻ã㻹뵱޵Ǻɡ
Ϊ̫ˣ
̻ش

¡¡΢ĸɲȥ鷨
ϣˣȥɣȥɡ
ŵʤźߣȻһء
ۣҲ̫ˣ˵õжĥɱ¿ˡ
أԲݣµ
һԵͱˣ·ǳ㣬µġ
մ㵵˾ΪϷ
Ц޷ҲǺеȨ̫µĲ¼ɡ
պߵ˾գҲ߯Ƶˣһû뵽ôԶҾͽ⻰ˣ˵ʲôҲȥѽһ˹һ˵ģǻ飬һҶɣҪӦ˵£Ǿã˭˭ȥ
ȵۣ
յȻ˵һֱĽ˾㣬ڼ￴飬Ŷ飬õʱ壬򣬹ҳ£ų¶¶棬ֱǵٵ߾硣
С治졣
ҡҡͷλƵʳǱȥ
Ʋ죬ƲˣߣƾҪ˵ô統һй٣ǻ


1818 ʱ
Ѿᣬ治ϣÿڼ䶼ǺæĻ壬ſˣ´̴ˣûʼҾڸؽгϽԱѡ
ǱֽծȯʳֱǴкԪУ˽ӪʱȥƵطٸĲķǳ£δôֲ̰¼
ǺܿģһʼҾĿǰģǸطٸûʲôᣬǻǷǳƽ˭ӹܣǹϵҲ󣬶ʱģܿͽԱѡˡ
Ǯ˹Աٸܹתٸһת͢Ͷڵط˿ơ
ٸõһ£ʣٸĿǰΪҪ½Σ鲢ܹΣؼǵøһڷԣʾΪ˽ʧҵ⡣
ЩرһƬģǶˣֱá
ΪŴӵͶҪض㹻ϵͶߣøл帮Щǣ帮ǿ˰̧μۣʹũƲΪСũܲκαݲеģǱߵָϽУ沢ũأũǱ磬룬Ϊṩ˾ѵͶ
ǣֳɵģͿԿ
ݡݴĸǣϽʳЩط壬˺ֱӽеʲô󣬾һڷԣֵͶȥѽ
Ҫ֪һΣУ˺ܶǮˣЩûأֻһ·ߣʱ֮·
ˣũҲʼҵ
ȾǴݿʼݱصΪʼԭʼۣΪݵľʵ̫ˣһʱõļʵǸ˽ģʶһƱֵػ㣬Һл飬һȥʲôأ
ܱߵİվͲԸũ棬ʿ𡢵ѾסǣߴˮʹݵĻʵ̫ˣǾͽҽ˰˾ͿԣԼȥ׬Ǯ
еضˣҲʼҵֵ
ݡݵҲͶʵķҲȥأǶˣɹҲԸ⽫ũԼĵũΪҪԴǵǮ˻濴ϣҲô࣬ϡ
ʵũǺյڳƹ㣬ƹ㣬Ƿǳ˵֮ìܡ
һճ־õľΣǷǳ׵ĽϷֿʱṩ˷չ
ȻһΣҪǼ˺һߣΪǴӹӪʼģӪҲҪͨģ϶Ǵӽͨĵطʼһˮ·ĵطϾûܵʲôӰ졣
ɺϵǣҲǳϲһ
Ҳ˵һֲڣչһͨҪϴƣ͢ȱǮֻ˰һУǶũ֣ΪǷ⽨ͳν׼˰ϣ˰϶ҪսģͿʼµֻأֻֻֻأһأֱӹһ䣬ȥֻء

ǣⲡɽȥ˿
˵ѾҪָ϶Ҫһʱ䡣
˵ʱۣ϶ҲҪʱġ
ԣɵ˺ǲɹģǧ㶪ˣƳɲγǧ˽ѽΪƳȫСũãγ˰ũ˰Ҫߡ
ô˵ǹӲдĻҪġ
ʱգμˮͷϣֿĻ
İտǼˡ
ͷҲվŲˣǺأЩˡ
С磬С磡
⴬δüװϴĽк
ֻǮ󷽡ļǼĳͷ֡
Ҳ΢Цʾ⡣
úһ⴬ڿˡ
Ǯ̴Ӵ
ЦҪٲĻǾʹѵʱˡ
ǮæѾ̸Ϲǻ̫࣬ⶼҪʱյġ
ʵǻ˳Ͷء
أɫһϲæǮ
Ǯ󷽰һϸ磬զڳ
أҶʱɫһε˵
ǮǹЦ
أҲЦ
Щװŵģأó׵ĻҪ˿Ҷֽš鼮ȵȣԭĻ
һݡݹٸģһ־ǴԪдģԪУʵǺպԪóģԪҲۺϽƻѾոڣҪٽʡվ͸˵ϽƻҲҪͶߣһΣУֱӽԼĲƲ˺ü͢Ǹۣ˵Ƿһƨծ
Ϊջ˶أǵĳŵ˺ܶ࣬ϾôãʧǾ޴ģûǳԿΪշǳǾ֧ģ˵ȥƶûʲô⣬Ϊף˵ͷһӵģƲأǳԿ
أҲǳмգֱǵĸף͢㻹ǡ
С磡
һк
նʱȥֻһֵ˴Ӵ
ǳӡ
﹫ӡ
ռæ첽ӭ˹ȥ
ӼҲǼѣۿ˲ʪˣȻʲôƵãһ񣬵лС磬ԳĶ飬û
Ȼ֪Ǻսһġ
æ﹫ӣ˵ţڳӶߵ˵͢Ҫ﹫ֶٺ»Ȥɵӡ
£漴ǺЦ
ͷһȵ˶Ӵһͬȥ
أûиȥͷ϶ŻһεˮѾˡ
ſʱֻ֣СС¬ʦ˼˹

Ȼ
պǺһЦȺ֣ǮЩȥǱɣҪЩˡ
Ϊ̡
ǮǺǺֱЦһ˿ζ
ӣ
иá
ÿȼá
ɼ˵̬ת䣬ǰٸԣǻǵ⽨Ǳ΢Ĵڣֱͬ͢ҪǣǵҲǿ
յķ̣Ҳֻװ̫ˣھţ˵ҪҲֻŵķݡ

𣬺óһһţǵ͢ģҶŵģţһ͸ǣΨһҪ󣬾ǸϽ˸ԼΨһݡ
һͳȥģһЩСЩǸЩŵġ
͸ǣ
ļ״㵵
Ǯ󷽸æһļףЦлС磬лС硣
յл͵ǻسĲ
Щ˶ĵҪԺյл
ǮͻȻǺС磬ҶԴʵǸеЩǡ
յʲôǣ
Ǯ󷽵С磬ǰһֱڽϣҲݵǷǳԣصѾǰĳ⼸곤ûнˣȥݾѽ
־ȵѾ˼ǰĳ
Ǯ󷽵ͷ룬ûʶҪȥһˣͻ֪ݿֲ
ΪͷΪԭʼʱۣǵûйϵսСũõĻպڼ享ҵǸıǷǳף˶̣ȥͶʵģǰǹˣֻǵ˼뷢˸ı䣬Ƕֻ̲ܷƣ١ֵأȫûȤ
һҲ淺
ǰյϱóǳṩԭϣݶѾҵʵۺ񣬶ԭϳ㣬ȴǸծۣʲôȥݾѽ
Ц˵÷ǳԣƴƴӮݣǳмƣԶûԽһǾʦκ߾ͽԾʦڳԶܹһʱ֪͢ߡ
˲šȫе˲ŶڳӦ֪˲ŵҪԣΪ˲ų㣬ĽҲõġ
ĻԶȵĻǽΪȱġ
ģгиƨðȻ񳤰ȽǺܿ쳤ָ˿ڣͱݶ಻١
кܶܶƣҾͲһһˡڳô棿漼ƴԭƴϣ˲ţĹõĹñ˵ˢñ˵ֽţñ˵ñ˵ˮȵʱ죬һὨ£䲼ʷΪϸרǵһз졣Ҫ֪ԭǻǸ߶ˣΪ׶ˣҪ߶˵ģͶ˵Ķ˶棬̫󣬽õͶʣͶԺ
Ǯ󷽺ǺЦ
ΪЦô
ûɶûɶ
Ǯ֣ǸϤĺС磬ơ
Щ˶ǳͬյĿгѾ죬ȺҪȥϸ˾ǷǳѵģҲǮ󷽽˽磬ڽվס˽ţǵĴӪҲԹ棬ˢеĴˢԭǷǳͨǶ滪ˢȴȫȥˡ
ֵ֮⣬͢һӪҪȤĻȥ̸̸
ȤȻа
ЩӪǲƲǸѽүֻүҪչ֮Դ帮Щǵôţ浽󣬶ү
ֵΪɶ̸
պһĵҪҸ̸ռıˡ
Ǻǡ
һЦˣЦ÷ǳ졣
˭ܹùѽ
һȺ˵ĵܵصΣǽˣܵΣʧҵΪһҵУĵգûʲôӿֲģֳɵģ˽־ܹɣֻܷǮҲ֪Ժյԣܿͻ°䲼͹ôʱ䣬ǳɱΪʱΣ˵ǻƽʱΣǸϽ
Σǳ͢һ״̬ĿǰǾڽӹܡ
֪ӽӹܾҲãȨڽϣҲϣ
ΣΣѾȥˣǲǸýЩҪ󳼸ųˡ
󣬵ͷһĨɱ⣬Ҳøˡ
ͻȻ£΢бࡣ
һ㶣ʲô£
պ΢½һְջȥ


1819 
ּϵصǷǳƣȥĨǣֱӵǲ̽ޣڷǳȷĸ㣬Ϊ˸еǣһֱɶǳ㣬Ӧ֪
μȻͲºңΪȨոһûκξȨӵͳ˧ǶģңԶ糤޼ɡϾڳмҲмߵȻһλͲ˼ǧԱԱǶǣôΣȨ
տɥ΢治̽£΢治뵱ʱΪΣ΢ûа취ΣѾҪȥˣ΢Ǽٵȥˡ
Ҳ治뵱ֲļƻڣԣûκ壬ҲȷʵܲˣΪǳҪץȨ֮£϶ʣܲܵĻ񲻾רΪ鱳ģûн꣬ͱ
Ľ飬ʵҪģһǧծǾͿˡ
ˣΪʲôѽ
ѽ΢оô¡
ҲǷǳֱӡ
ˣûôĳӣ
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ǡ
˵СӵĻǴѽȷʵͲǮ
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ε̾˿Ǻðɣ¹ȥ֮޾ͷΪ䣬ͳܻ
أҡͷҲУֻ顣
ǸеȣԭΪղǺȨ̫ηìܣûôȨͦʵģǺջǲϣɼûѣۡ
μˣСǿɶ㲻Ҳõ
յ£΢䣬ȷʵæҹǶɣȳʣӦý˾ţﾡãʵ˷ںʵλϡ
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帮帮ֻǱˣǿɼУ帮ھѾˡ
յͳıʣȥǾЦܺý࣬µʱΪѴӦˡ
˰ΣſЦðɣðɣȴӦ㣬ǻõȹЩʱ˵
л¡
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κǺǵȥ
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κֻʲô
ָͷֻǳλޡ
ЦЦԪĵѩǰɡ
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ε޵ʱ޲ȥ㣬еˣܲô

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նʱޱΡ
κһ㣬֮£Ҳ룬ڳﶼȥ
ο벻գ͢Ƿһƨծε̣벻λһծ˻ʵ۵ǧܳ˵ʵˣϡƽαϾʲôǳʱҲǳԼܲ˾
һơ
ζͷ϶ʱðл
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ǵ
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᣿
ͻȻʵʺ֪ΪҪô
һ㶡
Ϊ޻Ϊʺôһ˿档
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´˻
ףҲˡЦļ˵Ѿˣ㣬Ҫһˡ
˵վߵǰ֪һΣУ޵Ĵʧ˶𣿿˵޵ǻ۵һУѾȫǸܹˣǸծǧᣬһ޾ƲˣһҪϲ鵽ףκ˶ѡ
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ҧ˵ⶼǺŪģ룬ʲô´ͷβܹݵԼ׼Ϊ̫һ㣬ôܹ˵š
һòııĻ治֪δ㡣
ȭգһ޵ǵͨ졣
ǻίȴ˵
㲻ǻʺǸöã
仰ȥˡ
Ŀһһ仰̫⣬ҪǻʺҾŪˣһ˵Щеûġ
ɼǶѾ޿̣ʵǰڻʺݣʵҪĻ̫ӣ϶̫ӣľ̫סĻο϶ҪǶ
Ը棬ûС䡱ҪףŪڼ便ʲô£ΪһֱУȫֻǽļȫɣѾԽյѶϢ
ⲻ֪ãֱ֪֮ӻ˹ȥһǾ޽еģǷǳǿһŮˣٴΣҲҧߵһʵҲ漣
Ȼ⼸ĽոһɶûиʣǿĴӪǺոָ꣬Ǹʱģʱɶûм٣Ӫúո׵١
УѾ׻ع鵽յ˿ʼ𣬴ʱ˿̣˿ģƲӵģҪع鵽СũãδӦҲӦһ䣬ֵȫңҪĻǸɴ췴Ƿǳѵġ⳯͢ǧծҲû취ֻкգҺջȨ޴󣬵ըĴڡ
ںһоͽļҵ׶ˣǳ׽ſˡ
˰죬ˮǻɪɪˣһжˣ
һսУʧȥһУʵ۵ΣߣұҲʧȥ
ֱǴõ˵תϣǼûС
ھͿҪô֮ǰһֱԺոеģȻĻҲôȥɣΪĺºգ̫˽⺫գܲôȻǺʲôôͻ֪һжǺŪģʣ϶ὫأıģջŹ
ζڵѡġ


1820 

ʣʣ
ˣæӭ˳Ȼһּæμʡ
Ѿ꣬üĿ㣬ֻɫЩ԰ףȻǱ
Щ񡣡
С֣ھεЩίˡ
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ۿһ죬һ߿ţһ˵ʣĸ󻹺ôĸ󡣡
ҪĻ̫Ϊ¾Ϳ޳϶ǳˬ̫ûˣ̫ˣûһ㴢ӡβͬСʱҲǷǳ޵һӣҪľԼĸףǳƣʺʱ֪ιȥٻأ˼ҶТ̫÷ǳο̫ԼãЦĸǳãҷģٹգԼĸˡ
Բϲ𣿶Ŀϼĸˡ
εͷַǳĵʵô
ͷЦʣ͸оöˡ
Īοѽۿ΢΢һЩʪʵĵͷ
źǣ벻ŴεԸ񣬶ҲŴε壬ಡ
ʵʣΣѾô
Цģ鶼Ѿˡ
뼤̫ˣҾ֪һܹƶȹһΣġ
ԴζɵüӽӰ
ʹĵͷ
֮ûȥΪ˰ûа˸
ȲȥˣһˣǲܲģһͽĴƸˣҪ׷鵽ףǽ˭Ϊⶼǵ⣬Σҵĸƿأʲһˡ
εҲʴκܿҪٿᡣ
˭֪ʵҪˡ
磬յֱ̫춼δ󳼾ѾȺΪûм˯ţ϶Ҫģ㣬ǵȻΣεĹԱҲ±С
Ψ˯ñȽ㣬Ըڷ֮ʱŸϵģ·ǱԹϣΣĵ翪Һý޶ڣĻ˵ٵġ
ۣôôˣҪԷô
ոһ⹬ǰˣŵһۣϸһֹһ߲Űˡ
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һͷһֻЦĿ̺˾մ˻ѵҲǸһû˯ѣ
СԽԽˡǺǵϷû˯ѣ϶ǳѵģĻô˵ϵҪȥš
ţ
˵Ϲʲôţ˾˵ĻôһҲ
𣿡֪СƣֱӵѵǺЩԱˣʴ˲ߡ
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ǿ˹ǳ˼ۺ죬۾ҲͰˣôŵĲӣ̫
ڿ¶ˡ
ƾʲôǲˡ
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ĿһɨָǵЩˣ֪ţ֪֪ǽҪͷˣ
ߣ㡪ҪŻǣǲ¡µġһԱµз˵ͷ
ŻǣڸЦô˯ĹûУصŻǣҲ߯Լˣǣҿǻʴ֮ģǵġָǵǵôĹԱӦýյĳĿʲôҲ֪˭ģЩǵˣһǱͼҷȰһ䣬׵ˣϽ뿪ĻؽǣУЩ׵ģǰ߲ߣνģҲӲ˵ģھ֮ôʱ͢Իһ˵
ãԸԶţҡҵȸˡ
һٹԱȫȥһʣ
СϾֻ˷ѿˮѣǡջصԣЦҾʹЩл˾յĿ
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΢΢ЦǹȥֻеԼְˡ
⵹Ҳǡ
ЦŵͷֳŴеةټܷ࣬վȥһ㣿
Сһ㶣ԣˡ
ֳ¬ʦԡ֣Сʽܡ֪˵λڼ䣬֪ҵЩ̫ã˵һǸ˵ţһ񣬽ֵҾǹôģ֪Ƕб֮ˣǵʱûʱǽ̫࣬Ҳûоȥ˼ǵԸұôΨˣҵܹ´λҪ黳
ʽܡ֪Щֲ̿
ǶãѾɹһΣǵȻ˵ʲôǶԵģҲûмǹֺն䳰ȷġ
¬ʦԹЦأʵ˵ЩǷǳеģҵҲѧúܶࡣ
֣еҲ˵˵вֻҪܹȻȹһΣܵٴίҵҲƽϵġ
ֻǲ֪Ϊôվһȥ
۴УΪҶûκΣ֮ǳˬǺǡ
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Сܣʽεҡ
հڰֵˣˣ׶Ѿ췹˵Щʲôúùӣǧ޵ùߣҪúϧǡ
Ҫ˵ĺ𡣵ûа취˭úʽֻܵͷǣ¹һǵġ
ͻȻ֪Ƴǿĵɻã
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еı仹еģҴ޼ҵʱûôš
ЦֻøлңҵȰֻ´־Ͳվȥһ㡣
û㻹˼˵֪нգҵӦúݺһΪ㣬ҵʱ׵ķŹĻ治һнա

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ǰ̫ٹ٣һʢľ󣬵ĻûԱʮȱλãȻ˻ǲ٣ԵЩϡϡɢɢΪҪļ˶ڡ
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ЩվŵĹԱĿȥ϶¶֮ɫ
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ЩʿҲȽϿɶ񣬾ͽЩ鱦ЩҪ󳼵ߣΧס
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飡
̫ĵذľģߵͷǺио
տһΪĳ嶯ôõĶѣȥѽ

ζЦˣָ帮ҧгݵҪʬҪųն
ǸտʼʱûôԹһ֮ãѾˣǿЩĿĵ״Ԫ˳˺üлûʳŶƳ̰ۼǷǳ˲ĳɾͣ帮͸Ӳö˵ÿ˶֪帮̰ܻߣֻǵʱţҲûа취ҲɾͲͬǺ޲ó帮⣬帮Ѫ
ʬųնֱߴûбӺݵġ
գ֪βվ泪ϷҪǶģҲɵˣҲģû뵽ôء
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ʿ̳ǰȾͽ帮ϣȻžߡ

帮ţгԹ޺ͷŭźգ޼¡
帮ǵ֮ǰԴûѹǺյѶѣΪ޼ɾûı治֪
˭Ҫ޼ɵûһı֮ĵģͳ޼ɵʱͣıǷ𣿳޼ɵҲֻȨϷֶѡ
Ǽıݣû̫ļһ׮϶ԩֻҪ˲ɵ֪д˭
εʱҲֻҪ赶ɱ˶ѣʱ֮Ҫɱ޼ɣǺ³޼ɣֻΪϣûһٽһЩԪ϶ŻȨκ˳⣬ңʱ߶ȥҲǳͷֻۣƫʺߣʵҲǵǻĻ̣󳼾ûмк³ġ
ԣҪ溫ձĶã޼ıı޼Լûı֮ģȥı㲻ڸЦ

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տɥ£۾֮ɷСﰡ
Цһ۾ۣ֮ҲԽųն
δ䣬ͼոϽ̰壬վԭλȥˣһơ
ǲ˳飬Сӡ


1821 ɳ
յȻ﷢Լ볤޼ܻһ£ȻͲｫ¸ΣΪ͵ʱԣȻǳҷģûжԲκһھľΪȣҲûκο֮£ǮƣΪ֣һֱ
ҪŪ޼ɣıߣǱҲ޼ɷƴһ⣬Ҳδڻ˼ε
κ
Ǽṵ̂ȨƣûнᵳӪ˽һһΪƵ룬ٺ»ûù
ҺյƻǴԣһʼȨʼղУҪǲôǺɽķĹͰ׿ˣᷢô¡
ֻ֪ԸĺгرݲΨһıɡߣһ֣Ӷڳ͢еĵλ
˵һжǺŪģ
Լš
Ȼ帮ѶѣȷʵҲûл˵ںյƻУһ㣬ǰ֮ǰƴάգǳжϧǣļֵѾեȡһɶΪһˣȻȥסһûмֵĶ
Ȼһʬųն¹ŵȺҪܲô
תĿڡ
ڻţкᣬĿΡ
ǰǸŰ裬һ˭ڼֱˡ
ڣһйְͷţĲƲҲȫ乫ϼȥɣԶҪ̤㳤ϡ
ûɱڣһʱȷʵﵷĺ쳾һ£ڱȽϴʲô¶帮ǰ棬ôǿ϶˲٣ûֱӲ룬ңϾΪູͣҲôˣ˼꣬ԾǸһ·
Ҫǰڿ϶Ը񣬵ѾŻˣûн˵ѾңϽߵлʶ仰Ҷ˵
һֵѺȥ
ȨһʱڣϳǵԣҲǷǳֻ̣ѭ
ïȻҲһ٣ҲûɱΪȷʵûв̫࣬ҲĹְûĲƲؼȥʵïְһЩ˵ȥҲûа취Щ˼ǮǶûа취ңںҪǮ
ïǱˣվⲻ˱帮۰
ֵʦ¬죬Τ˼ǫ
ڡ
˵
οһۣ̾˿Ȼṵ̂һУ飬һ̲飬һʷȴ帮̰ǵĹְǿл˵
޻˵
¬ʦͬ
ȻǶǱȽ޹ģҲȫûΣΪʱʱǿɶݲ룬ǶӵģҲ˱帮ˡ
Τ˼ǫȴлĳһȷʵ˱µΣʧְ֮޻˵ʹҪɱҲûаԹԡǳûбְʷôо仰Ͳò˵
üʲô
Τ˼ǫ˴ΣҪڻʺǻʺ޶ģ帮ҲǻʺٻģǱҪγ֮Ӧλʺ֮
⻰˵һûУ޶ǻʺֻǸʺŪʺûʲô
ҲΣЩ
νǽơ
ԣüͷ
ΤԲӡ
ͻȻվΪʺ
Τ˼ǫյҵҪĸ߼
յΪʺûдģԼ˵һдʺΨһãҲ޶帮ûϸִлʺΥŵΣıô£ʺȻûġ
䣬ͶĿ⡣
帮Ŵ볤޼ܻһ£ǰźܶѶϢЩҲɵǶһЩ˿
æ֮ʺı⻹Ǻõģִֻв˶ʺ󡣡
θмĿһۡ
ʵҲ֪ǲǱʺ󣬶ڱ̫ӣʺϣ̫һϣԭĴͳԣҪǵճӼ̳еģϣͳΪӣǾԲ˳ˡ
ֵͬԣҲΪ¬顢ɡΤڴ˰֮УֻС̸ϴΪʺһﻹΪҺͰ룬ֻδܺܺõִлʺߣʧְ֮ǿ϶еģҴĻְһЩˡ
΢΢һЦǲ֪֮⣬õδã
յ΢ΪõһĻᣬãݡݡݵݸȱʷô⽫ǵȥǱߣҲϣֲܹһεĹʧϾֿ£ûеЩȥֲ˵棬Դǡ
ۺգҲǷˣʵҲ뱣ס¬ǣû뵽ʲôõĽڡ
棬Цεĵ˺һۣͷȻΪ飬޾ٸһλᣬ£š
΢ߵлʶ
ʺûҲûΤ˼ǫҲûл˵ˡ
еһָмĿۺգȻ˳ȥ
ʵҪֲΪЩ˶ʷһΣиְǾǱڳ棬ǶԣǷǳġﶼͦίģΪǶǳ壬ǳϳôһ£ʵ̫ˡ
ֿɣɡ
һѾʪ͸ˣվڻΣòײסΡ
ε㵹ûзʲôվλȥɡ
л£л¡
գϲⶼܹ̫ˡ
Ƿǳ˵ģΪɺɣ帮У飬ֱӽѹˣ帮£ŽҶһ٣¬ûˣֻԼҲǺΪʲôԸ⵱ͳһ£ø̫ӵˡ
ֵ»֪꣬кܶԱУһһҪ׷鵽סʽܣӡС
ڡ
ʽܡӡվ
ߪʽΪ䣬Ϊ̲ɣ˸𳹲¡
΢
Ǿ˾ûδУΪ̫Сʷةûа취ʷǰǲܸձȣºܶͣû˲ԼԸ⵱
ַΪɣΪ飬֪š¬ʦͬΪɡ
һΣ²СĹͣȻɼģǵѾƸΡ
һֱӽȫͬƷҲ˵µס
һǳ޴±䶯
һҲһֱӽ帮ڸˣǴٲ֮أóɲƳͶҪ֪帮ǰҲûٸɻ¡
ͷųһǳǳҪźţǻʺѾױ乬Ϊ帮ұۣһ¾Ϳ˫ۣԪˣ⻹ֹոջʱ򣬾ͽеͲԼҰͥȫûʣ
λϾջеȨûκʸɸԤ֮£̽µףǽ·סˡ֮ûжֻһԭ򣬾Ϊ̫ӵĸף˶ѡ


1822 иɻ
Լԣ¿϶ֻ꣬Ƿ⽨ᣬ帮ڿɶ࣬ʵ֮⣬ûȨȥǣǣǾûֵ飬Τ˼ǫǻ˵÷ǳãʺûʲôҲṵ̂Ҹʺɵͬһ£ͬԣЩ̰帮ɵҲͬһ£帮ҪûҲû
νˣ£ͿԽʽȥǷ⽨ƶȣȨӵǵһλģɷҲеȨ
ʵЩԱҲû뵽»ֵô󣬵ʱ̰۳ɷ磬̰Ļͻ첻ȥЩԱôһأôΣɼڹٳǲҪнҵ
ɵʽܡӡ˰Щ¹ԱԣǾһϢ
СӾ˶£
ɢ֮ԣ䲻ʵ
ʵ䣬ҲΨ˼Ҹôʡ
ЦȻкܶ£ô˽⣬˾
ҪҶ֪Ϸָʲô
̾˿˾գҪ˵ģŶѾ˵ˣҸ޼ʲôᣬԲ
ǲ仰ɻôһˣΪλʱڣȥ볤޼ɼ棿
ղʵʱ޼Լ˾գ˾ջܶ𣿶ңҲ֪ԼΪʲôҲȥġ
Ҳ˵ʹ㱣סأ
һҲ˵ʲôȻֻ֮ǾãΪӣӦϣһ֮ǣЩ޹֮ˣһپ٣һƶȣʵڱ£ڹңڳǶǲģΪһֻὫԽԽԽҡʥԻʩˡ޼ɡ帮õӣֻֻأڱǣʵҲڱԼѽ
ԣдҲΪµģǷһ࣬ʱǵ¸أȴһʱ֮ŪǼǺܿµģҲ˵ǰ˲ѽ˭ϣԼ˱磬ζУ治װƣĺǣУκˣǰǶңأ
ľЩˣǵͻúܺãΪǣܵԼʵǾûа취
ͻȻ̾˿ֻû뵽¾Ȼᱻʺ֪ˣô⡣
ҲΪʺһУΪ˶Ը㣿
յͷӦôˡ˵ЦԭΪԼ´ͣӢֲۣһеİΪҲǲڰ
ȻѾ뵽ΪηŻҪʺ飿
յڹʺǣ̫ӻʲôͲҶ˵ˡ˽ʺ֪֮Ҳѽ
ۣǴĽӮҡ
Цˡ
Цʲô
տЦҸ׵ķĹ£ѾˣʱҲ飬ҲԸȥת˰죬һһܲĻ飬ҽʱյĻһǧծҲŴһǵİְɡ֮ʧ޶Լ˲Ǯҳ˽ӵһ̯ӣ治֪Ҿõʲôܹ˾ΪһӮң
סˣˡ
˵ɣ߾ǰȻѾﵽ˶壬Ȼһֽһµĸ߶ȣҲ㲻ʲôӮҰɡ
˵Ȩɣ䶼Ը⵱ɼȨûʲôͼģңҲûн˽Լ帮ǲһڡ帮޳޼ɶͬʱѾ齨ԼСǿɶɽʿģ岻˵ͷҲһϣҪУǹ˾һ
߷棬ߵʱҲǸĻڻʲôûб䡣
ȥǵõһ̯ӡ
ԵͷջںĿƺڵشڨڨϷֻ˵˵ѣαص档
պߵ鰡
ǺǵúúãϷ򲻸û㣬ϷǸ
̾ҲԭѽôǮж÷һĶֵϣôңڶСصУҪµµΪĻһҪɵ°ɣҲˣñ˵ǾǴӮ𣿲ǵġǹңǱ£°ա˼ľˣҲмҡԣ˵˾ѽ
ԽԽΣΪ˵ʵʲô˵£ڱЩܵˣʸȥɺգЦˣˣϷͣѾǸ㻹Ҫ
յҪǱˣͻȥˣ񲻹뷢ɧѡ
ⲻȥˣСһԲϾУ˸е¡һϷ£һˡ
տıӰһЦֻϺ꣬ƾٽƻҲ˵Ķ֣ΪöһϡҵõʲôǺǣҪõģʵ֮С

й
ū澲μ
ǹ꣬ξͬһһ˹ȥѹûпһۣȫǸΡ
ʱɵɵ㶣΢΢еһˣҲϾһأͥûиʣҲһйǰ
ҲϡˣԭһǶΪҪԸա
⻰͵һѵ·תأٿȻվ£㡪
Ϊʲô֪ǰɣŭЦָ棺帮ڴѾȫ˵ˣ㻹޵ʲôʱ򡣡
ɲɵȻڴ棬帮ڶûֱӽʺͱԬ褶֪£᲻֪帮ˣһ⼸귢£Լ뵽һжΪ˶Ըѽ
·ץ˾һ㣬̵£帮˵þʵѽһеһǶǺյıĪҪɱˡ
ǰ˵ı޻治ţһı˵ıҡ
Ծ¼ȻѾ֪ΪλҪ᳼檣
öѾЦˣѵҪȥջ̴һµĻı˭˭Щʿ̵ģ
һ֮ɫ
ԭΪìܵµģһȻݵġ
ԴοǷǳִֻв˲ҲͰˣѾȹΣƭǽùǺѽ
Цû˵ôΪЦǣĹԱ˭֪һеһжڱݵġ
кǣȥģǱΪβ룬ΪʲôΪʲôôɺϡ
ʲôɺϣݳġЦһµ㻹֪ڸģ帮ڿ˵ǺմҲ˵ЩǺճ⣿Ǻ帮̰Ǻ帮ǿ˰յģЩǺոɵã
ﱻȻ
ڣʲôûиɣеһΣأûйϵʵҲʲôûиɣֻһЩǳСĵ㣬ӰŴֵı仯ٴҲû뵽ǰվͷһöڵ帮Ǳ˺ԣȴַǳؼһöѽ
ֻ˵̫˽ˡ
ȻҲǳ˽⺫գֻշ˽⡣
ûл˵𣿡
ֱ㵱¼ɺգںı㣬ҲҪôôݰɡʱնѾؼТֻҪ޹ңΣ㡣޿ǱȨɱ˫ۣΪ˳߲ǣҲ룬ƾʲô޵Ĵƣɽ޵Ľɽ޵İգɲҵġ
Ϊ֮£Ҳֻڷ֮䣬ûиҹģǾ֮䣬ʾȫˡ
䲻˵֤ɽҪȥԿԲ鵽ͷϣһ֤ɽǰٿĪ磬Ļµ
ܼ򵥣ҪôǾʲô¶ûУôΪ˴Уϧһдۣܺʲô㶼ûʸҵĽɽȥԸĵˣҪжҲͰˣɿ£ͿɴСʵҲ֤ˡ
ԸĺѽȻĻҲ˻ʵۣһŮȨ£ҪλɱһѪ·ûбѡ
ίλίŪ˰죬һϵûУڰﱳͨ϶Ƿǳ
ҧΪβȥ麫գΪҪ޼ܻ᣿
εѾȫˣ˾֮ԼգϣסӡԳмˡ
Ｄֻһ֮ʣš
εΪʱôģ֮⣬˵˾ܻᣬͼʲô
ȻΪ˶Ը檡û帮ô˵ո޼ıı˵ǾһЦˡ
εԸ㣿Ǻǣ֪֪ڴϣдҪǺճ棬޻治֪οΪ㿪ѡ
ﾪ㵵Ϊ飿
ԭΪտ϶ҪŪǹٳĶɣеǳԾ
û뵽ɣ
εͷղǸ˾˼һѣжҲ룬հǶæ깬ǺգǻܷڣһУܹ֮Ϊʺ󣬺ʹΰɡǾ˾˵ˣʱͲôľ㣬ӦƻǡǺڣѡͶ˾ˣҲһ㲻ģ͵ʱ̰ͼ֮˾м䣬ѡվھ˾Ǳߵġ
һ仰վڵߵλȥ˵ģɼҲǽȫԼһģºҪ޼ıҪԸҲ˵նѽ
һֱΪĹģҲǽȫԼˣ帮ڶͬ
ȻҲʼղźҪԸΪһֱľڰ̫ӣ˱ס֮⣬Ҳκһ֤ݣ֤ҪԸĶƾһ㣬Ϳ϶յĶζԺղƽѽ
ﱻƿԣ
һģޣкգ˾ճ汣㣬ǣͷһأ´Σɲʺ󡣡
⻰˼ͷǳȷٸЩ£˵ʲôҲ÷㣬Ϊ̫ӣʺ
˵꣬ξͱ뿪
Ȼ£һ󡣡
ͣҲûп˵
гŲʵϣܹһ棬Ҫʸס
γƬ̣ûֱ뿪ˡ


1823 Իһ֪
γйֱԺǽʱŵ洫Ц
ǺܾûЦˣ棬ſڣſڵĽʵ̫Ǹ˭棿
£Ǹ档
ա
ƫͷȥźڲƺϣһ˶һ߿ĵš΢΢һЦ˽ȥһ
ʡ
΢μ¡
աͻȻˣæ߹
Цʵʲôĵôģ޷ǵЦ
ЦźڸһЩȤ£ŪöҲȥС
һУͷ١
æ£ɱݳڲѽһ޹ֳ̻˵£ǳԩˡ
Ҳ֪ûĿһۡ
æʣⲻֺܹգҲֻ˵˵
κߵƢúܣ׹
ô˵ûȥˡڨڨһЦֵ££ʱˣȸˡ
Щѽ
ε͵Ȼ߰ɣʺ˵ˣһ棬ʺ̫֮ġ
΢΢ü漴ֵ΢£ʧˡ
˵մỹ˵ĵͷ
ߺһͻȻ뿴ԼĿһ˿ʵǲǻ˵
ǵͷ漴ҡҡͷ
Цʲô˵ģ˵ǣȱ֤˵ʲôʶ㡣
æǸҲŶ
Цŵͷ
ŵʣ˵һҪԱ
һ㶣ͷ£ҲǾȡ˭̰
ǺΪв޹ġ
ü޹ˣָǺˣ
帮տ޹ѽôС֪̰ܻͣߡ
΢΢һ㶣ʵǺģ
ֱҡͷǶ棬ҺǶԼ뷨ֻʱԥҪҪ˵ϾͷϣǸ㲻ġ
εԺս˵
أҡͷֻ˵κ۵Ľ飬һǶԵģ⻹öԼ⡣
ЦΪξǸ˵أ
ΪʴӦܶ˵ʲô
£ǼΪжѽɼĵףԽ룬ԽԼƬ̣Ϊ²С£ƾ㸸ʴӦҲӦϵ˵ҴǶŷ޾ʹӦ㡣
뼤ֱͷ
ʱǳŸТ԰ȴǳŶԹ
ټ԰ֻվˣһһŮı䣬ȻŻǳ룬ûʲôҵĻ棬Ƕ˵Ŀ⡢ǶǷǳӣеطĸо
û뵽Ϊ顣úðΣŻ˵пûал˼
յʲô⣬ʺڳ֪֮Ӧô
֪֮
ǺЦЦдһ̵ζҶˣβжαһ档˵㣬֪һжµȦףӮˣķڷֻס
ҪǺܶŮ˶ȥɱˡ̾˿ТʱʺеЩ죬дŸʺֱգףԭʺһУΪ˶Ը
ﶼˣŭʱ˿̣㻹Ϸ
治ɫûϷһֱڱʺڳ֪֮δԲʺ£Ҫ޼ɣʺΪԵʱºͻʺڳΣʺԸ𣿻˵ô˳𣿡
ĿĿģ㾿ͼʲô
̾˵ʲôʺ󶼲ţǻʺΪλҪʳ
ߵҪ˵ʵ
˵þʵյûκζԲʺ£ʺɻǵã֮ǰʺ󼸸飬ʺʱ˳Ľ飬ֻѾһ¥ΪʱǿǴƼҪ֮ʱݺдԭϽԭҲ㹻һУӶȡʿ𿹺ʸ񣬵ȵʱ򣬻ʺ֮Ҳϧʺ󲻵ûвɳĽ飬ϳߡ
ѽ㽫ⷨȦͬʱǰȥѡԼѡȦף˶㣬Ҳĵطﻰһתһ㣬̫ʧΪһˣȻҵѡ棬ҽе˽гȥҪһ滰
زסˣ˵ʲôУҲû֤ɼﲢû˵ѣףѾˣҪϡͿ˭˭᲻ˬ
տ̾˵þ滰һֱûԲʺ¡
ߵΪҪ볤޼ɻһ£
ղʵ߻ʺ󣬳޼ɻ棬ҪΪмˣǻʺ󻹻Ź𣿳̫ʺԸ񣬳޼ԽҪˣʺһʹ飬Ҳİ취Ҫǵ˵ݶǷǳ⡣мʺǼӵϵģԳǳڹϵ֣Ȼ͸ö˵
˶ڹҶԣŷǳҪáмԳպôƻ֧棬ҽƻִеķǳ׵ƻִвһλҪأֱӹϵ;ˣʴ˳һҪסǡ񰲾žصĵλȻӵΪΪˣǴƵĳӣǳְڡ
ЩɣͲЦô𣿡
տЦʺΪжôӣô˵ɣǲܸų޼һԸʺģΪ˳ȻΪȣʺͬΪֶƾŬн֮ɾͣʺȫһµģǰʺ㽨飬ǾڻʺģҲûиʺκβڻʺĽ飬ԼԸʺʲôʺޣǻʺ谭;ʺʵǰԼҳλʺλǲصġ
ﶼסˣҲʼֹˣȥȷʵûΪеɣǵǷǳģȽ볤޼ɵ淴ôΪ¤һ弯ţԼΪȵģһֱߣߵҵ·ߣìܵġ
̶ԣ֧֣Ϊȥ塢ʿĵλ
ԽԽоԼ챻ոɵˣƵΪʲôҪô³ʲôô
ҡҡͷǾ仰ûԲʺ£ڻʺΪʲôŪʺӦԼú룬ֻ֪ζƵϡ
أ
Ǹ֮£жţǳҲֻǵ;˵֪оʲôԴҲжϡҡҡͷ
ӺհΣǰŵһǧ൱ӲʲôЦһԭڴ˴μ棬ǳڴȴʧ
տЦȻʺʧ
Ըˡ
ˡ


1824 ĸ˶
ΪʲôΪʲôµԸһжı
뿪ﻹǴվԭأ˸ĹâԭΪؼ棬һǰҫӦϾܿܣʱӦһ㣬Źʹ죡
ôǿƵŮˣȻյͷɼõȷķڷͷת򣬺м֮δйָоûнŪҲкܶ⣬ûףֻס
Ƿǳʧǣռϣ㻹˵ˣΪһжԼŪɵġ
һ棬ûŪףӺͿˣ
˭˵ȥѽ
˵òȷʵûɸԣܴķӦվһߵģԶģΪʲôҪôµҲûȥΪʲôһֱҪǿûԲҵ£ѵһжΪҺãôܡ
վڲݵϣĿɢţʱüʱҡͷһ¾ô򵥣һͼģ޼ɶû˿ϵ߳޼ҲǱõġΪʲôϳϣΪʲôһֱҪǿûжԲң澿ı

Ǳߺճ԰һɣʱ飬γɷǳȤĶԱȡ
ԣǺǣǶڻԵ⣬Ҳ̫ǳˣԿɲʣǶʣսʵʱǱʵֻеƫʵǲǻԡǰô˵һǻԣǾԣǴʵ
һĨǳǳĻĵҲģϾ㲻רҵʿ
յ̱Ϊһǧʲôʱʲô飬ѾǱܵķӦ̸ʲôӦ䡣
յſڣΡ
û뵽ôͻˡ
Բ
տЦĵͷҲûнʲô
Ҳף϶ǲȻţҲȷʵûʲôĵģ̾¹ȥɣҲö룬µȥ
׵΢ס
ֵ̫ΪЩԱ飬֪ġ
յͷ·Ѿ˵
εô
ЦǳжҲǳģΪ͵ڵֻͣ»޷Щʥ֮Ը͸ɼ̫ӵģǰ֮ɽ֮
ЦŵͷģҲ˭˵òҲģ̫ӲԴô
գĬ
εֻ뷨ʲô˵ˣҲûбˡ
չһɫ΢̫ӵֱͣӲĻԵЩˣ̫ӻӦѧϰΪΪ̫ѧϰǿġ
ε޾˼
յһ㣬˽⣬´̫ӲҪ̫ȥһЩġ
Ƶѵʲô𣿡
յʼվһֱӲЧҪõĶ࣬Ͼ⵱ԣԹ壬ֱ̫Ӳ񣬷̫ӵĳɳΪֱӲĻô̫ӾΣξͻѹѹѧϰѹ̫һѧϰǾͲҪеΣô̫Ҳͻܹ࣬оȥѧϰȥ۲ºʹδģ⿴ˣˣٲ־ͻӿġ
⣬̫ӵҲЩǣҲһֱΪ̫ӵǵһλģص̫Ӳһܹܵ𣬶ҶЩ󳼣Ƿµּȥ̵̫ӣǸں̫ӵѧʺͳɼģΪ̫岻ãǲǵģ̫ѧʲã¾ͻǣ֪·ǳ۰̫ӣ̫ҪǸǻʵ۵
˵úܶԣµȷ֮ܲһͷǳοĺյļ򣬵̫λѣ̫ӵĸѽ
յֻΪ̫ӵ츳ТԸֻҪãԺһΪһģʴ̫ĿǰҪ񡣡
úǿģΪ̫ӵԸһģһһҲĸסȥɣ̫ӻڵ㡣
΢

帮˱ն̺ڱְϢȥ֮ⶼһƬڣ䶯ЧֻڵյĻع顣
ôûԹǺ޲ʳ⣬ѪΪǼˣǵŪһ㣬ҵˣҸĸ˶ɼǻԹѾѽ
ôܵһȻû˽
帮͵
Ȼ϶û꣬μǿҪ鵽ס
һǣˣǲѽ
Ϊһ̰ضһӴ̰ϵ˵һ˾ܹģֻҪϵ棬벻̰УҪ̰Ļ˼Ҿ͵ýߣҶ̰㲻̰Ҫ״ɼٳ֮УҪôھ֮УҪȾǾֻȥͶԾ
վץǧ֮ࡣ
ʿ𡢹嶼ǣУʱϹһ̡ͬ
Щ˶һӴ壬ͷ⽨ɷԣҪץͶץǵЩ˶Ӳ˸ϵΪʲôŴдף˵¸УΪҪף˼Ҿ͵㣬ףлṶϡ
ʽܿ˶ǻģҪ鵽ȥǣʵ̫ˣҲ˵ֲ㣬¼̲Ѿװȥڳ͢ûǮ޽ηѽ


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һĿɨȥĪ泩Ϊվǵڣ붼ſֻ϶Сʽܡ֪š֣ǿɶǷǳģȻлΪա
ƳʷҲǴδйġ
ֻ˵ʱӢ۰ɣʱûа취ѡǼס棬Ǻ֣ǻɵòչֳǷĲŸԾǼȥɣ˵ҲҲӺʵѡ
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˵꣬ŵʤ̽µĳЩȥ
ʽ֮ܿվ£̫ʴӱլʺҴ֮΢޳̫ӵĽ顣
Ҳվ΢Ҳ޳̫ӵĽ顣
СҲ׷ױʾ޳Ľ顣
Ψͺվڱû
պˬѽڿԸһȼ۾
οһۣǽŪϳͣԳж
¬ʦվ£帮Ϊһ˽̰Ϊһڶ˹ɷ帮ͷ帮˵޳帮ìѽ
һΣ룬һΤ˼ǫһ¬ʦԡϳͣԷڣ
վ¿ΪʲôݱΪ׷ԴɷƣɷȨ󳼣ʴ˳д̰ΪɷǺáǱֹٶȷӦɷȨԡǱҪͷЩˣҲӦɷͷΨ˶طҲȶ
ʽ֪֮ܵһץԱͳһǧˣֻǷ帮ǹְ΢帮ܻȻмҲв̰ǳΪӦһŶۣǵļˣǼеūͣЩӦ鿼
Ҳ̫Ҳ˵ˣ帮֮ӦӣΪһ˵÷ǳԡһ֮ȫңֻԽӣԼΥ֮£ΪܶԱɽ֮Щ޹֮˸ǣӶԼ˽
֮⣬˶֧̫ӵĽ顣
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ѽҸҶǴ۵ģ̫۸ˡãĽ۶εվµȻûҪϳЩˣ֮ѽ˽΢ŪѪ޹飬ߺߣ΢Ҳϳģһģ˶Ƣ
μ俪ĵû
δ䣬ջһתֻ̾ϧ̫Գӵݣʵ࣬Զӵ顣
£к𣿡
ȻѵΪ븸û𣿡
ѾСԽˣ٩ˡ
һΪȻԹΪأ֮飬֮µĻҲӦóͷڣϾΪ㰰ǰֻ𺦹ҵ棬û𺦱档ֺñ˵΢¥Ҷ֮飬˲¥ģҪǱ¥Ļֻ¾ͻȻ󲨡
㻹ĺĺκ޺޵ƺָ
ڨڨֻǴȷѣûָûָ
εһۣ֪װȥˣС̫ˣһͷŴУ»صһȻǶ޳̫ӵĽ飬Ǿôɡ⣬Ȼ̫ģ޾ʹ̫Ӹȥѧϰһ¡
˲һ㶡
ավʥ
ۺЦĿۺա
ôʵҪͷǳҪѶϢ
һһɶȻѾ乬ǴͶ룬̫ӻǲôĲɶҡǵĻͶǳųáθϽñ̬ȣһʩڳѻᣬǰҪɱ䣬ʱֹͿ͹ԳլʺԸ񣬴󳼶ϲլʺĻʵۣηŶǹô˵ģѾ˾ֻΪ·
ǲˣȨý˭أΪʲôȨ岻ôôҪηֵǿ͹۵أͣǲܸԤͥģζȨɲȻĻ޼ɶѾ˳ݲ³޼ɡ
αҲһѾأĿǰľƶԣȨӦҪЩ࣬˵ԼԸԸ⣬Ҳϡ뵱ԼҲԸ⣬޼ɲ˶ãθֽȨ·Ÿ࣬ôĳ֣Ľ⡣
ʵȨҲΪ룬ϾĸףĸһвӵȻĸӣǶǽȻͬģ䣬˳ġ
˵ճƵۣεµģǶº֪ûгƵۣ˭Լļˣˡ
ȻղɺյĽ飬ѧϰҪ󣬵źǷǳҪġ
ҲӦϽվʥ
ȻΪĽ飬ջ˽帮ųնľʵ˵Ļ帮Ҳûʣ¼ˣΪһ˶漰̰ۣտһŮûв룬˶ˡ
һϢ帮ļˡ˾͸Ӳö˵˰ǵʽܺͳӣעɷģǵı׼ǵû漰˰ˣͶڳͷǼеūûΪҲȫݡ
ҲǴδйġ
Ϊһ飬ܴһ˶ڱǣĹԱ
ЩܲжôдҲǳӵ룬Ҳ֪ε˼ǻʺȻ乬̫ӵĵλǷǳȹ̵ģǶˣһһ⸨̫ӾͶˣȥӡ


1825 ĸĸ
ǾĿǰԣɱɱ帮ʵֻǴҪģĿҲֻΪƽϢŭڹҺͰնԣʵû̫İټĹңɲܽڳңһΣ˺ܶⶼûн
ծ⣬Ա⣬ط⣬ȵȡ
ЩɶΣɽ𢣬˵֮øϽ취
ܿ죬αٿ飬һεĻ飬Ҫ飬ҲǳᣬǽһЩҪвŸɵĴ󳼶ٵ̫ҽ·ôߣһһһǳѵѧϰѽ
ҲһηǳǳҪĻ飬ֱӾµһ۹δĴ롣
οżɽΣȻʱ⣬δȫȥĿǰ⻹ǧծ񣬸ػվ޶룬ǴֻΣģ֪λкζԲߣ
һʮҵߵ£֮ʣǰȴʵĴǧԱȻʱȣѾסϳ»鴦һЩ֮ٻسУȥطأ˲Żив֮ʿ£ùҡ
Ĺ࣬ԭְˣһݣǶ֮ʦξͽߪΪ飬ҲǴӲҲضĵλĹǽʿȻ֪Щ˺òײˣ˼ҴˣЩ̫ƽˡ
Ȿ⻹Ǻõġ
Ц֪ΪйԱĸǲʤεģ
Ĺಢû˼ֻΪʱ֮͢ʣӦôˡ
յֻ֪һ֪͢ȷʵֵ֮ʣǳ͢ɻǧծ񣬶һԱͶһݸԱǲֱӲģҲ˵վҪཻһ˰֪֮ģ¼˲ҲֹǧɣѵҪ͢ȫ볯Уʩᣬв֮ʿ͢ҲӦС
֪ɻǵΪʲôʱڣ̫ʥҪԱΪЩԱǲݰΪ˶࣬ͨɼ͢ӦýЩ볯УӦϸչְְְǱذպ͹ҵĸԼã̸ʲôҡ
Ĺ֮ǳ͢ÿſһοƾ٣ЩʿӺʮأײſȡʿ͢ȴòãö֮ҲͲμӿƾ٣⳯͢ȥ
յͷ֮Ҳһֱ˼¡ƾ֮Ŀģڸƶȣв֮ʿܹ볯Ϊ٣ң乫ƽȻҪھƷơڣĿǰڵ˲ԶԶڳ͢볯Ǿͻ߹ٵ󣬴Ӷ߷ѵڹһ˺͢ùҵȴ˺֮£Ǿ˲ҪǹҪأ
⵱ȻǹҪ
ĹؾѵҪƾ٣
Ҳʳ˵СǶ¶֮ɫ
˵Ҫÿƾٽв֮ˣУЩв֮ˣͲ췴վ˵ۣҲһЩſھĻëв֮ʿ
ֲʳǳԵʳʮһƲȥɣⶼëʼճϵ⣬޶ëҲ㲻ˣôһȻǳˡ
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յλǶˣ֪λΪһʣǰ壬Ǳ塣
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÷׷ױӺգҲû˷ģ˼ۣڴԼô
ηŰ۵˵ʲôֱ˵ǣҪĨǡ
΢
ֵ΢ĽǽƾԽʯܹƾټ֮ˣ϶ʴӱѧ֮ʿҲһ˵Ҫ볯ȥһ£ҲãҲãԵģҳ͢԰䷢һֽǣΪһҲΪһ˲ű־ȵ͢Ҫ˵ʱٴЩѡ˲ˡڼΪҲ볯͢˵һҪء
ȣܹһƷС£ԼһԼˣҲܹ߰ԼǲܵġΣʿ̵ܹᵽյ֪ʲôѺìܣ֮󣬾֪Լʲôʲôڳ̸ֽ˷ѳ͢Ǯ
󣬻ҵ˲ŵʵиҵҪ˲ţ˲ܹʹҵܹȫ淢չ˲Ŷڳ͢طȱ˲ţһֻηչɸ涼ʧ⣬ڳ͢Ҳġɺ飬ٳɺôǲΥģ֮£ǿԱͨġ
Ρ롢˽Եͷ
ʽͻȻ߹֮£ȫǿƾ֮ʿӵƶˣҪʤڿƾ٣ܹƾټڵʵѧʿ޲޵ֻ֮ƾˣҪ˵һӲ֪οģ
ƾģʿ֮ûг׽ʽЩĹԱսζƵƾ棬ﵱȻˬ
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¬ʦԵҵΪ֮¬ĳȻ¬ϣǶԴҲеǳǼҲ˶ˣ˶ͨƾ˵ģȴҪһֱΪǾʴˣΪӦ÷ϳƶȣ͢һͬʡ
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¬ʦԵ֮ĽܲɷֵĹϵ޼ҷϣǸʴ޲ְʲô
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£Ȼŭ˵ʲô޵ڸˣѵô
ӶҪɳˣ˭̸Ǯ˸飬ΪҶûǮѽ
յˣҲˣˣծۣ֪ôǮȥĵճӣ
֮󣬿ЦǱڵٰ
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ͻȻ£Ƥ֮ëɸҸծۣǹҶˣ̸ʲôƶȣȻҶѾˣǾͷϳˡ
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ҲֻϻŪͦھΣԮһºա
һתͻȻҪλǿԴճӣΪڹİһ㣬ֻЩڹ´͵Ĺʸ񽫾λڵճӣڴʲôľûˣ͢͹أ͢ҲջصģǿԴһٶĻ͢Ҳòڶ壬ʵǡ
٩Щ󳼶ͷʾ޳ɣ佫ĹͱĳҪ׼㣬ǹͣĳĹͲ̫㡣
֪ٸսа壬ҪٽаĻտ϶˵ȻôͣܲǸôࡣ
ǷôǮ˶̯ӣҪ治ãһᱻǧָġ
ΪѵĵͷҪô˵ͲҪˣЩ˭֪֪ȴΪ֮ǾǱƲѣֻøӱƲѵɣܷϳ
õɣȻǹǷһƨծ


1826 Ҫľ
ܹˣҲǲݰѽȫǾӢģοİϷ
޷ǾЮծ
ȷʵҲûа취յĽںܼ򵥣ҷôǮ㻹Ҫȥˣծٷһٺ»ƽһ£ܹռǶǼȵߡ
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һ󳼱ȻƵԻ⣬ǳ͢ȴծ̨طҲûлָǿ˰գֻ»ѩϼ˪˰Ļ˵ᱬĲΣ¾ǰ˰ٸԱ͢Ҳ÷ٺ»֪а취⣿
һؾζǳڴĿźա
ڳ͢ȻǮ赽֣ѵľ棬Ҳǳ֮ƣܵ취ɡ
յ̸ǰҪܽһΣΪʲôԭǳҪҳԭ򣬽֮͸޴̸ǲ֪λԴкμ⣿
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ͻȻ˵ΪµģҪ׷ԴΪɷĲȫɷʵǵ˽帮Ϊʲôܹ̰ΪɷסɷʴˣΪһ㣬µԼ⡣
֮䣬໥ΥŵǹԱ֮䣬Լͱò԰ԱҪڣΪ͢ڼ䣬ΥյԼǸû⣬ǰ˰ⶼ°նڳ͢ȱΣҲΪʲô֮նڳ͢ΣûΣʲô̸ֽ
յ˵ͷһ仰ûйǧһ
ּ˵˽ǲɱģʴһΪҪǿɷȨԣҲ˵ɷǰƽȣ㳯͢Ҫ˭ȨҲӦͨɷʽ涨ЩΣҰΣ˭ҪӦܵͷҪϸִС֮ʧȥɷ͢ʧȥһеĿơʲô⣬ɷѭŷĻΣʱܱΪǶôɣݹʷ帮ִ󳼣ɲټ
εͷ˵úãǳΪʲôطػҳΪǣΪҪǣûеõ볯͢׼ƾ帮һ֮ԣͿʼǿ˰գʴ˰ҲԸų͢ٸҲܲˣΪû˻һسŵĹٸԱҲ֮ززʥԵŲˣ͢Ҳ˰
Ȼ˵Լ⣬൹Ҫ˵ϼ䡣
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֮͢ԱϸƹԱǾǿԼԼҲգΪԱõٺ»ǰսɵ˰͢ҪչԱһ㣬ӹԱƣǳᵽƶ⣬ҶҪѭƶȣҶƶȣԱ̷ĳ֣帮ˣƶڹƨĹְϰ֮ࡣɴ˿ɼѡԱҪԣԼԡ
Ĺ౻βΪʲôôԱ帮һԭԭǲϷġ
ʵʱӦںյʱ̣ϾʱΪģҲǻر
һ½Ĵѧʿ̵˵ô࣬ȴָһ£ֲֻᡣҲ˵ôûǮʲô̸֮Ӧýծ⡣ҪΣˣǾͲºˡ
룬ڽ֮ǰҪһƤӦ취ˣ취ǰǳԵİ죬ŵҪԣûгţ취Ҳвͨġ
ԣһϲ
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ղʵ£һΣ֮УʧȥأЩ沢ҴԽǲȡžƣƵĹؼǻڳ͢ڰգʧȥأǲԸ⽻˰Ҳ˰ĻӵдأֻҪһ˵˰㵽ʱ˰˰Ҳ½
ڳ͢һѵľǷЩ沢غϷԣ͢Ҫά־ƣǾͱжһжǲϷģҪЩع黹գչ鳯͢ϸִоơжϷô͢Ӧ÷ϳƺӹƣȡ˰
һƬĬ
ܼ򵥣߶ѡ
ΪǶǵʵԼԽȥأ㻹˼³
ϳӹҲ룬ӹʵά棬ͷ˰ڽڣҶһǻ࣬ƶ˰ȻǺܲƽġ
ϣ͢ȳϼ沢صĺϷԣֲϳӹơ
Ǿˣ
ĵ˵֮£ĪкܶܶΪʵ۵ĽƽʱҲά棬ΪģȽ⣬ѾŪɽˮóԼǮȥ⣬ЩƽƾʲôǶơ֪ʵô˵أ
ӵΪѡַʽǶԵġ
ʵ߶Υƶȵģ沢ذǷģǷϳӹƣҪϳҸ󷨣ܲͷŰɣԲôǶԵġ
üҲ֮ͬԣʵ߶ڲĻָ΢ΪǲȡַҪִеĻǷǳѵġȻˣβѡһԱȽСķ
ʵΪַѱȽС
ȻǺߣ͢Ҫ沢صĻ
˵ĿһɨĴ󳼣붼ԵЩ˵͢ҪͶ뼫ܹؼ沢Ҳһܹع黹գʱֻӲĸ
һСӻǻ飬ûн¸˵
Щ˶ǵ沢صĵǾͲһֻҪǸͻ沢ǵԣ͸Ψͼһжٶм沢ء
һǵɫҲ֪ǽظ³ֱȵ컹ҪѰ
ֵȻ˵Ļͺβϳӹƣµ˰һɱȽϵͣҴҸ׽ܣֻ˰úҶͬ
˻һҶա
ˣ֪ոѡǾǱѡߣҪǰߣǾǰΣܣ˰պҲܹܡ
յһΣ֮УͻȻ뵽һ˰ӹƣҽȡΪӡ˰


1827 ᧿Σľ
ӡ˰
ʲô
֮У˶һ󣬱˵⣬û
յһֱӽԼˣŸæ͵ʵӡ˰һ˰
̷Ӧ
û˰˵˰˵ʲôӡ˰ǰŪ顣
ί£΢Ҫ˵һ㣬ϾôĹ٣ǸһҲ̫ð
κֺЦŵʱַǳף˵ֱһЩ˵áʵʲôš
ֱ֣û뵽ԭô˼

ձһΣ£֮ô˵Ϊһ˰ǰ˰ҲͬΪӡ˰һЩ
֣˼˰ؼ沢һĹϵûȡӹơ
ǲһĵط
ȼ֮뵽ӡ˰ҪΪó֮£ʱǩóʱȷɳ͢͢ҲӦûп˵ġ˸е帮ǶΪڳ͢ǲƽģΪʲô͢ҪΪ˵Ϊʲôǳܺ͢Ϊʲô͢ƽ޹ʾôһ
һжǳһƶģҲԴ˼ȷʵʥľԼжԼ۾񣬸ݶԼ۾ԣ͢Ҫã񵣵ΣȻ͢ڴõģԣ˫ûи賯͢κ棬һóףʵϻһΪ˽⣬һбøӹƽ뵽ӡ˰
νӡ˰˫ǩԼ֮󣬸ݽ׽һһ˰ա͢ȥգǷǳѵģͶҲ൱ġ΢뵽һ취Լϸг͢רеӡ£ܵٸıĻٸûȥΪ˵
֣ʵǿɷӡأ
Ƿǿƣÿ˶ԣⶼǷǳؼģҲӡ˰Ϊĵط
յȻԣҪǳ⣬ٸԲ˫ԼеȻģԼʱһǸ浽ٸǹٸúķȥӦ˰հ
֣üնˣǿɱȹ˰ҪһЩǵˣҲûжǮ
Цӡ˰ȷ̫ߣҲСӡ˰Ȼ͢ÿһԼУֻôһ˰գǿԻٳɶ࣬ҳɱǳͣҪԼֻҪǮǸ£ңҲǿԵģ˫˴˶ΣԲӡǳ£ͱҳ͢Բӡ͢Ҳûбӡ
ˣ
Ǿˣ
ǶǳݵĿźա
㲻ô˵˼Ҿ治ӡ㶼ô˵˼һܲӡôʱԻԼԼڣͻͷЭ顣
ǰĶëٵĶС
Եͷַͦʡµġǰ֣ԣ˰ջǲӹƣ˰ˡ
յ£Լк֣ܶӡ˰ȻҲԷѽĶΧԼԼԼǵȻҲԼ˵ûӡǶڳ͢ԣĵأ͢Ȼջһӡ˻ȥǾ˵͢ӵеأӡֻȷӵеĺϷԡ
һϷˣǾͱ˰աǰ˵ӡ˰ǸԼн׵Ŀһյġô˰ȻҲӦõģصĻԣΪؿԳ棬ôȻÿ궼ý˰ղĶ˰ھǰĶ˰ǰоƵģ͢Ҫ̳оƵģͰվƵı㣬ñ˵һĶʯڣôĶ͵ʯ
һͻȻʵһʮĶô㣿
ޱȥˣҪҰĻҾͻû֤һѧҪԡ
ˣ
θæѧȷŵһߣ֪˼һʮĶͰһʮĶ㡣
յͷҲ㡣΢ǺģȻӵôأǾӦóеô뵱ֲԸ˰͢ҲûǮҲûǮҾˣδ⻹Ҵ棿ǹڱ֤˵Ȩ棬ӦеΡ
εͷӦ˰
Щ󳼶ھУǼ沢غϷȻģǽ˰˺ǵȨ档

ʽͻȻվӡ˰ȷǹƽǳ͢Ҳܺһ⣬ЩΪԭ˰ؼ沢ϷǾͿƵļ沢أⷴӲƽˡ
յܼ򵥣ȡ˵˰
Ŀһ䲻ѵ¶ڣ
˻һȫ𾪡
ոȥѽʵ˰ʵǡ̫̼ˡ
ɫһ٣ҲЩѽҪıô˰
ջŵ˵ôµȻѽ֮£Ī֮Ī
иѽβõ˴һۣҲû
¬ʦ̵Ǳ²˰ȡ˵˰ҲǶһ٣Ϊӡ˰ûִС֪¼ֻһ˲Ҫ˰ô©ͻ󣬺ܶ׹Ҳűµţȥ沢صģЩʿȻҲһ͢ģҾܽӡ˰
СԴֱ㣬¬ʦ˵ͦԵġ
Щ󳼼ˣúЦ˼Ҫҵ˰㻹ͷ
飬΢΢һЦͬʱҲϸ룬ʵһܽʡĻʵۣǴСɵϰߣͬڼһ£ѣҲԼǮóȻǸӣԼˣóˣͷǳףɼΪںĲҪ˰ʵ˰ʵ۵ϣ֮ɷҪڻȨϡ
ǿһ㡣
κһʵ۶ԣȨʼǵһλġ
Ǿ仰Ƥ֮ëɸǮˣʵۻûǮôҶûǮôȽǮŪڸһۣȡĻر
Ը⽻˰Ϊӡ˰ִȥôĿһɨʵ
¬ʦԡǺܿ϶ĵͷպҲ˵ͷ
ʵ۶ʼ˰˭Ҳӡ˰

ôſڵͻȻˡ
̿֪˾նԴкο
ɫص£һӹƱӡ˰ȡôƽ޷άȥƿɲ׷ϳѽ沢غϷǸδ֮
ԣһ㶡
ǽھ֮ϵģҪǷϳƣḮѽ
Ͼƿǹҵĸ󷨣ǣ档
βֿգ˵ô컨׹иʲôãܲܽӸŪ˰ɡ
΢΢Ц˾ӦҲ֪ʵฮض沢˰ɡ
ͷϷȻ֪һЩҲֻһֶѣ
յ˾Ϊҳľܹһֱִȥ𣿱Ͼؾô࣬˿һֱӣһգ͢òʿʱ򣬿ܻᱬΣ
ܹóõİ취ϷȻҲ֧֣ӡ˰һᵼ¸ظı˼沢óе˰գǴƾӶԣɲһϢ


1828 Ǯȥ
ƃ٩ͳ˧ǶԸֻǿźա
ҲգƽǣҲ֧ѽ
ƳʱʢУһԲϾͿʿ𾴣Ҳоҵֱλķѹ磬ϾֻһŮˣ취ӸѹȥĻȡ
Щͳ˧ƽʱǰ㲻˺棬ĻǾͿһƱ㡣
ƾǽڷֹؼ沢ϣǽھ棬Ҫ߽ƣؼ沢ϷôȻҲͻ߽ˡ
ǺǳԵĵ
ȴЦ˾մԲӰ
ԸŸ߼ȻҲ֪տ϶׼һ˵
յڸ⣬ؿǹġ˵˵״ʵҲһֱڱ˼沢Ҫ棬һ棬һЩ沢ءڶ棬Ǹ֮໥沢֮һֱܵ˺
ǣҲûа취ǣΪҲû㹻ǮܶΪʿҶò׵ҲǹƾԼ룬Ѿǽάָƶȡ
Ƶصʲôɱͣһ̣ԼʳԼԼʲôԼԭһС̣ǿУһԶ϶ǳ͢︺ָ߾ȫ۳帮ݶǳ͢ҴƵ۹ô󣬿սǧ֮⣬϶ǳ͢ɼ⣬ѾӸе䵽е֪˾գԼλǷͬ
ƃԵͷʵ߾еݶǳֹ͢ģսۣԼ︺
ֽŵ֮άԣҲѾøԼҵҪҪӺսԽҲֻһ㣬һΪҪҲƾΪʲôܹս޲ʤ޲ˡȻµӢ䣬Լ˾աƃ߽ѦǵñĪĹϵ
ǸƳ䣬ǵʿǲˣǶԸũǼҾߣǸԸ飬ϣҵҫ棬ǷǳҪģֻбĿȥģǲŸսӢɱСɼʿԣһ㣬ҪΪҪθ轫ʿأһ㣬Ǳ֤ǲΪ嶷ġ
Ѧʹƣ˰Ϊһ㡣
յѦڻܱ֤ҳฮҲܵʲôȥ֤
ѦʹһΣֻһ⣬귢
յأܱ֤ܲҴԶû𣿡
Ѧʹˡ
յǿԸũΣǷǳģһЩôԸũƲΣҲԸũʱ򣬾ҪҲĲӡ˰Ҵ룬ҹһ£һȫִӡ˰ٷ
ξȵ˻棿
赭дǴ´ࡣ
Ǻյƣͼķ˵ô˵ùǮסǵ졣
ּҾô˵ɣ˰ֻҪеһҵͷϣ֪λΪԽԽãԽԽأ
һȥңռǰ㣬ھ㾡Ҫھӣǻʲôѽ
ʵ˻棿
ֻһȷյ
̵ա
յңҲô׵Ķϸ滮ǳ͢ԶԴ涨Ҽɵ˰գֱھӡҲǮҽǸñ˵ҴѧԺ֤ÿһܹ飬ʿԣأǷǳؼǰҾ˵ǵʿΪʲôսб־геں֮ڡܹ߸ǱøӰ¸ңǱɿһ£ͽҸͶ
У͢踮۳帮ṩҵֻߣ踮ṩϢһճأһѣʱ͢ӦýʳǣϢǲܹΪ嶷Ųʧȥǵء
Уǰ벻Ǻܶ࣬ûа취ȥʿһ֮󣬳͢ɷʽ涨ʿĽͣʿԸ顣⣬кܶรϸԽԣǲŻΪ˶еƣ˰ܹʿأһ治á
ӡ˰ĿʲôӹҲ룬յĸԴȻڵϣʯٽʯʲôӰ𣿵ʯڰϣǿܾǾʳ
ⳤƪƃǵɫѽ
Ҫǳܹ͢ǵȻû˵þͲ˵ˣһܹʿ⣬ΪͷĳɱǷǳߵģƳĸвߣΪʲôսôǿΪһϣͷأǸһҲΪʲôѧԺһͣҪһ˵ĻǵҪ󣬾һڷԣս϶ҾһڷģֲҪ
ǲ뵱ʿǾͲһʿ
ɽһսƾôͣΪҫзǳǿңȻЩʿҲȫΪʿټͬפڰɽ
ǹƽѽ
ʱͻȻڵӡ˰𺦵ĲǸ棬ĹٵҲˣĹٲ˵ûǮ˾һڣ͹֤˵ȥɡ
ƃµĹٻ˼˵ֳΪĹôջǿٲȶסƵģӦ۹ͣôҿͦƽġ
ʷҲ˵öԣĹٸɵ±˭٣Ҫȴ˭࣬ǻ
Ĺ߳ŭλѪˣ佫ѵ׵ôҲ˵ˣضЩ佫沢֪佫һЩΪԼ£ı˽
дͷ˵ʲôŲӽ첲šˡƃվָĹ
ĹҲվϷһüͷϷͲš
Ĺٺٷ׷ʼˡ
¬ʦǶվߵĹԣǶš첲̫
Ƴ䣬ƳĹ٣ҲģγЩĹ£ʹ졢мǶĹٳǴ̣ɲЩҵĲ
θϽʹɫ˵ǳģð
£
ֻվߵм䣬λǱǸҲҷû˵˾շ˵Ǹ٣ڹԱϣҶý˰û˵پͲý˰ˣĹһġͨճеŸҲ˰͢Ӧ棬ŴҲǺġ
ƃߵûУûУЩĹ٣СǼһҲܳԡ
ٻʸ˵ǣĹٵʱѾӦˣٱʾ
æϷǲϷҲֻʸ׶ѡ
Ҳæλ䣬԰ֻ꣬飬ִ£Ҳһ˵㣬ɡ
һ߹ۣŶԷһ
æ£ϳ֮ѽ
˿ڵӣƶֻؼ沢ԽϾҲףûȥฮضѾ沢ںô֤ǵȻԿܱԴҪá
ֻϺ꣡
еͬʱ
ƤȨûп
εҪά־ƣͱЩʿԱع黹ôΪҲòӡ˰ĻȲܱ֤յ棬ֲܱ֤ҵ档
ʵа䣬ǵٵĵܺôռš
֣ͻȻһ⣬ǵũ⣬˰ת޵ũϡ
յӡ˰ǾͲڵũ⣬Ϊֻ͢Ȩӡ˰д˭֣͢˭˰صũǲҪ˰ģֻǮǮǶ٣Լϵ͢ûԤҪ뱣֤ԼЧԣͻùӡǻǽ˰ա
ŵأ˾Ͳ˰ôһͻȻ˵
ĳڶìͷָգΪ̫ƫ佫ҲûнĹ٣ͺ鷨Ĺ٣ǼֱĹٵĳ谡
Цӡ˰Уˣ˭˻࣬Ͱ˰

һʱըˣ
ⲻƽ
ǰҲ˵ˣӡ˰ǻٳɶ࣬˰϶ߣڵϣǼ̳ӹƵ˰̫ƽˡ

һԣһ֮ܶҪ˺Ҫͬʱ˰
ȻúɣҲɵӡ˰棬Ƹ˰ȴǰԼ˰ԾͲƽ
յ˵ˣŻ˵˵ĺܶԣԽ˰˰Ļ˽ɵӡ˰ǱȲϵģҲϣҲûϡǺһ㣬ǾǵλȨ͢ʿôŴȨ˵ʲôǸơ͢Ҫߵ˰ͬһˮƽϣûѽǣ˵ĵλҲһȻǶ˵ҪƽǾͷ涼Ҫƽ


1829 Լ
˻һԱȫĬ
ԶֻȨȡᣬҲǧõļһͻõġ
ΪʲôܹѹˣΪǹΪȨ׼Ǹʵһ׼ʵ۾ĵ
ָպñƣʵƽġ
ǹߣƽֻ˵ά֡
˵Ǯһ㣬һ˰˵λԾǲ㰡
ô˵ˣǲҪƽôͺܹƽÿ˽˰ϣҺãԼܹãҽ˰ģܵҲģ˻ĸԸ˰𣿶ңһγ͢ŪҵҲûΪ˵һ乫
˵̾˿ҪɲͬĽ׼ɵģÿ׼ǲȱٵģǲֻԼңʵ˰Ҳ٣ʲôԼԼ͵ýӡ˰ǮǺܿɹ۵ģأҲý˰գ⣬˰ɽ˰͢ȡֻҪ޶
ͻȻҲ˰ն٣ӡ˰һ׶ˣǳ͢޷ƹԱ̰ܻߣǺܺüģǳ͢ô֪طٸȥӡҪͳƵĻҪӡ˰ͼҲʡ¡
Բ΢΢ü֮һΣУ̰˴Ŀģ͢һҪֹٶȷ
Ц£ݳƣڵʱҲͳݡݵȵǽ˰󻧣˰ĵܹ˰ҲǺܶ࣬΢ǽ齫ӡ˰ȵطصĲǻָһ¡֮󣬵ȵ˵ӡ˰͢ơ
Ӻοƣ
죡յʼӡǹٸ£֮󣬿ԿӡϣķʽƣһֽȥֻҪ͢סֽطҶԴϸܣȻ󷢵عٸȥĿĻͰȥ㣬ǳ򵥡ңҲ԰쵽
εͷѽⷨӵͦġ
ȯ֮ͬֻҪ֤˼ǾˡֻҪҷ٣ʣ¶٣ֱӰ˾ˣԱСȥȥ٣һǮɱ١
յ£ӡ˰һǳشǰᡣ
ʲôǰ᣿
ʥľԼ
յһΣһɺӵأΥԼ͢ҲãҲãҶΥԼҶŵ¾ʧءӡ˰ȫԼģ͢ԼĻܿӡ˰ģǷǳµġ
εͷԴкν飿
ε΢һ˰֣ר˰յģǸ̺͵ǡʵһֱҲ취˰ũ˰İ취һس͢һҪģҪб˰ó͢ץţǳ͢ûл˵ֻҪץţǾͱҪһҵܹϢԴǣΪӡ˰Ļϣ˰ΥԼˣ񻧼Ҳҵĺܣ͢϶Ҫٶͳƻ
΢ڻһöȣκΥԼ͢Ҫϸһسŵı־һҪڵع޷ؼ䡣⣬κ漰͢Щسŵ˶ûʸ룬ƾ٣һŶˣͱ볯˺ʥ˶˵ɵģô͢Խʥ˵Щ֮רŷ޶һ鼮ңŵҪԡ
һشҶȻǶԵģǶǶʥˣҲ֪Ϊ֮Ҳ˵Ǵġ
ͻȻҡͷⲻס
ʵΪβף
еΪ͢;ԼѽɼҪأ
վȵ㡪˵˵͢ʲôʱأ͢ôһծŵı֡
Ц˵˰⣬͢սͻȻҲֻ˰ӡ˰͢ûȨն˰գƵӣ಻ʤѽ
տΡ
οڣ˵òЩʱ򣬳͢Ҳǵѣս£͢ѵͲܲô
ЦǵѣĿʼǴǵѿʼһΣԣ帮ǰ˰°ûǮ˰ֻͱˣÿûս£ҪеûǸѩϼ˪ǿ˰ɱȡѣʱ̣ǲõģѣùٸţҲǿ˰ˣΪ͢ڰûʳ£ȥ˰Ǿѩϼ˪ʱҪǮȥֲһΣµġ
˰͢Ǯȥ̣
յ⳯͢͵δѣƽʱȴһЩǮרӦͻ¼ƽַһǳõķ
еҲ˵ӡ˰һ겻䣿
յǵȻҲǣǲ׸ı䣬ѭñ˵̶һ˰ʣʮ꣬ݹҵķչ͢Ȱ䲼ɷʱٵ˰͢ҲѭҲֹܹطٸ͵͵˰Ȼ͢ҪҶԼôٸûʸһǮ˰ա
ͻȻʵҲǺѣֻ͢ҪȽһЩǽȥȻƶĵʽ涨͢ʼȨ
еĻ᲻Ҵ÷ǳ
ӵ϶÷ǳԱͰգ¶ܹչذ£鷳
֪϶ڹҵİҶչذ£ǰһֱûΪҲȨʵ۵棬Щƺʵ۵ȨһԷģɷǳ͢ƶģ͢ƶģ϶ǿԽԼȨĹ涨оԵȨͬʱֿԼˡǵ¹شȵýɷгľ¾ͽաʽܡ֪šӡ¬ʦȥɡ
΢
ͬʱ˵
ֳ̫Ҳȥѧϰһ°ɡ
ȴʣѧϰ޶ڳŵ鼮
ǳϲ飬Ǹ޶йسŷ鼮ܸȥǸ˰ȥ㣬ǺܸȤ
ҲǿΪÿ̫Ӷ£޶鼮Ҫ˲ŵģ̫ܶӾ޶鼮˲ţԼİףͷЦðɡ
֪ͻȻһ⣬ô飬һҪ˰֣ôֿܲѽ
ЦôԱ£ûôλǱ𾫼ԱŭͷϣЩԱʵҸûʲôϵֻϣ͢ϸ빩ӦĹϵ͢󣬿ˣҲԼˣֻһġ


1830 ֪ܶ
˶ںնѾˣźһˣҾͻƵãҪ˵Ҳ㣬Ҷ˵ôȻôզ찡
˲ô޳ܣ
ҲûԸٸۣΪ
ΪʲôգΪǶվԼ˵Լ׼ȥվڹ棬棬Ҳĸ׼棬ٺ»ãںЩСǮһ˰νµƸߵͱոռˡ
ֵ£һΣطҪܽᣬһ㣬ҴƵĹҵȱɷ֧֣ŵ±쳣ң͢ҲӦöԴ淶ҵиҵɵת
εͷѽ̵ǰˣ͢ӦضԴ
ǰ淴̣ѾǳԣҲҪ蹤ҵӡ
յ鼮רѾǳ졣˵ţһɨĴҲв˵ҴõѧƷ
Щ󳼷׷׵ͷ
ĳ⺫յһ㣬Ϊձ֪ʶȨӡˢҵķչ׳ѧ淽ǽ࣬ǰʲôʫʵģǮֳɱ̫Ϊˣ붼Լ񲻵ܹӿٴΧԼܹ׬Ǯ
ּ˵΢Ϊ͢ԳԽרӦڼ棬ҲܹʹҴƵļչ
κԥ׼࣡
ΪǺ̺õ·Nǰ͸£εʱ;ͦеġǺղûżǲϵĻҶڼ֪ʶȨıܹƵģҪãȾѧ棬˳ͷٿʼ棬ЩҲö˵ʲô
ֻҪרͨĵλߣңѧҲƿΪѧһǿѧմѧҪΪ˽ѧϵͳһ׵ѧʣйŴĶ̰壬йŴֻмûѧʣʲô춼ƾž飬ûκԭ
ֵӡ˰λ仹к壿
ĬͻȻǳǵû飬Ҳֻǵӡ˰ܴ谭
һֱĬΪûдӵһΣ̫˵ӡ˰͢ӦûãЩʿӦ
̵£֮һΣУҲ˵һ㣬κ߶ܼڰ䲼һӾͰ䲼ôߣջ᲻֪룬пֻܻţǻһʱ䣬ǿһ꣬ȥµߣҲյķӦݰյķӦʵ޸ġ
ȫΪһΣµģڴ֮⣬齫Σȥԭԭĸ֪գ⾿ôģ΢Ϊ帮һ˳ееΣ࿴޹ˣʵҲһ̶ϣҲʹΣıñ˵ݰջ̴һ£ΣĿʼ
һ󳼵ǵ᲻͢
Ц͢һΣ֮УѾܵ˺ܴ𺦣ôҪðγ͢͢е͢˰͢Ǯû˰ҳ͢ڳϴ󣬵⻹ֹ͢ȡѵı䣬ɴ˱һ˷˴£ֻҪڳϣı䣬һų͢
ͻȻǾɴձɡ
һ㶣ʵΪҪɴձ
Ϊձ˶ܹǴҾͲ;˵Գ͢ᡣ
ЦҲǴ⡣
μ붼ϵյ뷨ǳģЦȻ̫Ӷô˵ˣǾͽɴձɡ׫֮£ҲȥɣϾκ˶ⳡΣ֪ĶҪһЩ
չֵ΢£һǳҪҪ
ʵʲô£
նʱɥ£֮£һʵæջһְ
ǾȵĿźգѽû˭ҷӦʱСȴְ
γüУ㻹üȥ
յ£ȥģĶӲŶûʮ꣬ĽͲҪˡ
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յУµȳŵӡ˰ʵ֮ջ
ŭҪвô
յ΢ң΢ֻǾڹҷչΪһȷʵæ֮¶óϸéÿģȥһӵģʱӣø帮ˣʲôܲҳ͢Ҫܽѵ
˰Σ룬㻹ɷѿѽεðɣðɣ޴Ӧǡ
ռл¡Ҫ˳Ӧųһ١
ôߡ
ŭˡ
ڨڨһЦ룬ʱҶŰ԰
һǷǳǳҪģʵҪȵת仹ҪƶҪϳǹҵĸ߷˸ı䡣
ڣڹȽȽʱı䣬ȷʵһΣı䣬ʱĻȻյĸãٻҲἸǰҪҪʲô
ԼĻᣬʲôʱӢۡ
ңҲǶµһǳϾĿ飡
ҲõһҪģӡ˰
ѡӡ˰ǮֻΣؼӡ˰һ˰˰ǽԼ棬ôҪ˰ͱһ˰
͢ΥԼЩҲΥԼһ㣬Ͳý˰Լˣӡ
ԼڹҵչڹҷչչǷǳҪġԼһ̶ϣ˳͢Ȩ͢ʱҪڣɾͷǳѣղ˵ģ͢ƾڣ㶩ģ͢޶ȵı֤ԼȨ档
ʵˣӡ¬ʦһȺӣǿɲ̫չ˹Ա棬Ȼջ˼ε档
ûкҽЩ½¬ʦǡ
ʵĲͬǵľ˼벢ǿңΪǶǳʿ壬治һʿ壬ʱڣǻʵ干£ϵƽȵģʵۻȥǹﻻңңʵǹ¤ŵĴˣֻЩ˵˻ʵ֮󣬾ż£Ǽ£ҲҪ¤šȻڷ˺ܶı䣬¤ŶѾˣȨһ󣬵Ǿϵĸı䣬ûе˼ϵȫı䣬ǵ˼Ǵ£ΪȣֻΡ
֣С¬ʦǵ͵ĴǶ̫뵱٣ǹѣҲͦ
ŻȨһ˼
ʷԣƳĹкһ֮󣬹˼ͻûˣȡ֮ǹ˼롣

ᣬ볤ȥʡСᡣ
յ˵Ļ϶Ѿ˵òˣҪ˵Ҳͼ仰ҪΪһ˵ʲôʱӢۣǧҪ˼룬ΪųӢۣȵӢ۳ǿ¶ѾˡǵĿҪֹӢ۵ĴڣնҸ˭ҪӢۣҪľǵһ׸Ҹǿոԣô򵥡𣿡
¬ʦǷ׷׵ͷΪǾ˼룬¬ʦԡ֣вŲ뵱Ӣۡ
ͻȻӵӣɷΪ֪ϣУֻһĳﱸʱ䣬ÿһʵǧϻ޶ʥľԼһ޶һɷŪ˺ü»ûŪãûߣֻвƵߡ
һεĵͷ¹֪ˡ


1831 ƻʵ۵
һαǸԵıҪʼһȫµĵ·
ʵʷϾôչģƾƣ״֮ǰľƷƣ˰ƶȣҲ˾ơ
һֽǲܳõģؾô࣬㿪Ҳϲ˿ڵӡ
ֻƶ϶һЩı䣬ƾȡ˾ƷƣҪ˻ÿƾ٣ֻƾٲȫΪ͢񣬿Ϊиҵ֮Ƴ˰ƣʵҲǰĶ˰ֻոĳӡ˰ȡ֮ǰľơ
ӡ˰˰ƴӸϻǲͬģΪӡ˰ԼΪģԼʹơƽȣ˰ƾͻǷ⽨ĲûƵģʵôС
ǱҲֻǻһֶѣһʵۻȨģΪ˰ն٣ǻʵټϵǰľƣʵȻԸòʱ緢ݺԼԼ˲Ҳһôͣ׵빬С
ʡ֮󣬺ȴһҲƣ˷ܵԼԷ棬óԼļƻǽϡʣһ仨ͼһͼϡ
֪УһŲѾҪˡ
ɾͲһˣ
Ŀƣһ̫һ

ıҵĸƶȣɲһɵĻŪþ´ңҳ͢ողôˣҪ͵ǲܵģΪһƶһˣҪϳ˴ƶ֪˭ơ
Сӡʽܡ֣Ǹ޶ӡ
˵Ǽ򵥣ӡһͬʣϸ˰յʿ϶ǲһʲôն˰ⶼҪϸġ
ĹҲûţĴѧʿʼ޶鼮йڳŷ棬Ǵ㽫ТΪѧҪ֪ТСӴ鼮
̫ҲС
ѧԺѧԺѾΪʿƶȸʹͣɸɲ
ոʲôܽһξΣ
óģҲʣһжŪġ
ǵ

һе£һŵĺЦ޿һƬ£ܽҲô
ʵ´˻
Ц棬еضгʵϻΪ帮ǿѣ˿ɶɵӣ帮ǲôɣô£
ˮ˼帮ã帮ôҲҵѶѣҪû帮ҵļƻܽе˳ҲŲóѵġջش΢ôá
Ŷһ㵹˵˵
յӦûǣǴӺʱʼİɣ
΢һǴջ̴¼ʼġ
յͷ帮Ϊ𣿡
βʵѵ𣿡
˭֪ʺںݵģֻûѡ
ҡҡͷΪǣȣʺ˵볼ЩìܣʵģڹҵģĻҲӦѽֻԱִвⲻǻʺϣģЩɶǻʺ޶ʧˣڻʺǰٺһ
ԵͷĿлһ˿ͣϸڣջչ˵ʺɼûҪԸʺ˼
ֵΣ帮ЩʿźܴìܣЩʿʲôʱô帮Ļ
΢΢ü
յ˵֮仹໥ãΪŹͬĵˣΪһ˽˹ңɷµĲڣʿҲѵΡũԼҲΣֻԼȴԼģ˿ȷũ棬ҲΪũȥӱﶼñũƷļ۸ΪũƷϾƷҪũûʧʲôǵʳԶһĻ
ҲΣΨͼһΣУǳû٣ۣ°벻ЩԱȻҲ̣ɼһΣһ˾ͿԵµģشٳɵġ׷Դǳ͢ƶϵȱʧ
΢һֱΪ͢ӦԶվڵ˵λϣΪ׼϶ìܵģһֱҲìܣְ͢ƽ⣬ǰһȥһʿũ̴ô֤꣬Ƕüֵȱٵģûġ
ҲΪʲô΢뵽ԼƶȣԼɷƶȣȥƽìܣݸķչȥ˻ڻָڣ˰Ҫ˵ģⲻһɲģԺ˱øǮô͢ͿԼũĸ˵˰ա˰ǼҪ淶ֲ壬һҪ
εͷ˵úð˰ǼҪ淶ֲһɲ䣬ǵ㵱͸˵⣬ʿ׼ǳǿô͢ԿסΨȥƽǣ͢ࡣ
յˡ
ЦǸеǳο帮ǵìܣҲǳµ㻹Ϊ˵
Ϊܽģ϶ǽˮãʱӦʹˮ
Цˣ΢ɴδΪ΢ʲô˽ìܣ΢˽Ƿֵú΢ֻͬ˶ѣǳ֮£΢ְɲǸǸ£ҴƸǿ󡢸ԣ
ѽ帮Ǿǰһ档ΰΪʲôκգΪպٲʲôζ˸տʼ䣬ҲΪһӵı֣ӾΪʵ۷ǵģΪ࣬ҲᵳӪ˽ʽܾǺһģǵʽֻܸͬŹϵûеɵĹϵͦʵһˣһֱˡ
˵帮Ҳһջ治һܹطá
ֿ˿ƪ£ЦƽҲ÷ǳλѽô޾ǱֱĳͲĳĲô
ЦͲƽ⣬ҪȥǣһΣԣĳȷʵֵķǳ⣬ӱֵķǳãӦÿ䣬ĳҪǲǾȡֵĸѽң͢ҲԽˣʿĸ˵ʿӡ˰
ǸѽУǾͷƪ°ɡ
˵ţͻȻʵˣ㾿кУ֮󣬽һʾծ壿
Цһӡ
üѵ޶ܸߣ
յ΢߱£˵ܾܿͻʧЧģֻҪôչȥ֮󣬻һʾծǴ´ࡣ
Եͷðɣ޾͵š
ͻȻֵ£м΢Ҫ½һ£΢ûдµ˰
һ㶣漴Ц޵Ȼ֪ǵʱôֻºִȥ
ﵹͦ˰գԸɣôȻҲԲɣǾ仰
յȻ֪ôģǱ±ϾҪô֧һʱҲò̫Ǯ΢һ飬ܹ²Щ˰ա
æʵʲô飿
յҲͶ
סˣҪȥɲУⲻô
յ᳼˼ˣñȥñ½ԼԴҵȡ󻯣ұ²ҪԭͶʣչרԭЩԭȱĶһ׬ǮģЩҪԭģµʱͨкԪУЩǮԼĲֿڡ
ЩģòôǮѽ
Цܼ򵥣Ϊ²ٰ죬ⲻʲô⡣
εһҪ˷ˡ
յ·ģ÷ǳ׵ģⷽӦöԳĲǡ
ԵͷǡǺðɣ֮⡣
Ϊʲôʵ۲ϲˣϲΪģǻʵ۾ĵȻվڵߡ
վҪδûʵ۾ԼҲܴ˵档


1832 ʵ˵
ڵõε֮󣬺ջûмſʼӡˢǽЩ˹һڴձǶһΣܽᡣ
öЩ㶣ʲôϵ
ָǣһڽȫۣҴҿ϶ҪҪǵĲƷ̱꣬Ҫܹ࣬ǽǵǸһ¥
һǷ׷׳Ǯ档
ʽԳ͢壬ڴձɺݵƪ£һεΣһܽ
ǱҪģûзֳ֣ǱҪ°һ
һڴձһǮһݣȫۣ٣٣Ǻղ£һȺ̰š
¡
أ
ƽٽձϣϣŸոյĴЦʵ
пЦǼҵû˵ʲôϾǰͽǮͶȥˣǱߺǲȵձɽȥ϶Ӳ˱Щѵ
ƽٵӡ˰Ҳжţȷʿ岻ѽ
ЦǺռƻȫЩȫҵߣңҲû˿赲
ƽҡҡͷ鲢ûô򵥣ֻΪ׷ȨĻôΪµĹͣ඼ڻ£ֻҪȨͬߣҪ֪ʺ֧ߣͲƸҲѾУļƻƺȫǺϣɼⲢƻȫӦûһ
üһ
ƽٵͷҲֹһᵽյı䷨ϵĸı䣬ҪĿģֻҪ׼о͸֪ĿľʲôѾ֪Ҫõʲôֻ޷ﵽԼĿģƻӦûûн
ʵΪյĿʲô
׷ʲô
棡
ֻģԪҡǵȴ̣Ѿӵ㹻ĲƸ˵ֹģǿ϶õ࣬׷Ӧùƽɣ֮£ӯǸƾ£Լ˫һҪǹƽƽȵĹϵһǻʵۡ
˫Ŀһ
ƽٵʵһµһ㣬ʥԵӣҪӣҪӵӣ±ؽңˣǰһҾͲһøףʴš
˵ڰ֣̾ˣ¡룬ôʥ֮⣬ӦǾҲֻܵʥ׷ԵµʽԼΪ뷨Ǻõģʥվ֪֮°յ˽޷ԼοǾ
еԼյĻɷ
ƽٵͷԷ˼пԼ˼ֻΪ˼ĻѣǾɷԼͷϣҾ׷ĸպ֮෴ԺĿǰҲֻһ֮֮ϣ޼ɵĵλûдﵽ߱ԼʵҾҲ˷չΣȨĵزܹͻһ㣬Ϊؼġ
ͻȻ͸һ˿֮ɫҲ˵ӡ˰ĿģԼΪƾ»
ƽٵͷֻȥӣҪӿһǳḶ́ǷǳѵģҪƾƾܽ᲻Ը϶ǿԸὫϣˡ϶һӵ
üǵ
ƽҡҡͷҪһ㣬Ƿǳǳѵģʵʱڣ£ʱĹס˫״¹峣λҲֻǻصһϣûκ壬ᵼ´ңܹЧƾͬʱϾĵλһ治֪һ㡣
еΪεʼղΪյĿǡ
ƽЦս֮ĳԶȡȨλۣǼǳŻʵףվȨ⻹ֻǿ͹أ⣬÷ڣڷǰգӵȨЩˣЩն߱ңҪôĻЩûκ壬Ӧܲ١˾ܲçȱһڳнһӴȻЩûȥҲǻʵεԭ򡣲һҪ֮ǰƽļƻֻҪÿһٶϸоӦܹһ
м˷ܣЦĪǽյļƻһ
ƽ£漴ͷЦҵȷа

һڴձ֮˼ĺ䶯
ΪݹΪ֪֮£̴ĸԭ˵Ȼִ֧ӵ˵ìȥģûй⣬йӪһЩĻЩԱ̰
ڷ⽨ᣬǼټģ͢ûôеһУϴ󣬻֮
Ҫ֪ƪµǿʡܹ͢
ȣȻǿ޾ЩʿΪǾס˾ơĹپͱùѪͷ帮ڶĳ֮ף̰ܻҲĹ٣ĳûӱܵΣҾˣҲûʲô飬Ĺپ쿹飬С
Σƪ¶˺ʿабᣬǳһжʵ˵ûƫȫˣʿ𡢵׼һǳĳôԴȴǵ񣬷Ϊǵ˽Σһ
ȻҲа˾ǵУ˱Ǳ΢ģΨͼ㲻ָˣ˿û
ң˻˺ܶ£մ֣䣬Ҳ˸˰һڷԡ
Ƿǳ˼ģʿ׼һΣУкõı֣Ҳлı֣ǰΪʿЩӦõģֵȥЩǲ˼飬ϾȻôõˣһƪƫе£ȴ۵ߡ
ܼ򵥣ǰôʿĻô֧ǣȴ侮ʯƽʱôˣһѹˣȴ˶ôãѡһĻһѡˡ
ҲΪӡ˰˻ӡ˰Ҫõ׼ֵճܵ˰ա
˵ձûйӡ˰ϢҲϢӳд
ӡ˰Ϣ֮󣬰ǻϲأĹũ׼ǳ֧ӡ˰ΪʿѾոˣʿҲոһӰӡ˰ڰյģʿҲúǣȻʿûнǷϣǾ͵ɷʽ涨ʿ𡢵е
ǳƽ
ʿ𡢵ҪֵĻǰջֱӻƷǵģǼ沢ǵأǾӦóеⲿ˰գҪǾͽػǡ
ڵҲȫûϾǳǵء
ЩţΪӡ˰廹ûŪףֻСϢ˳ӡ˰ն٣Ƿǳؼġ

С磬񵽴ڴӡ˰ǲѽ
Ǯ潹ǵ
յͷģ͢ȷϳӹƣʼӡ˰
Ǯþۣ⡪̫ƽǩԼĽ˰
ѽС磬ɱȹ˰ҪֲһЩѽ
С磬񶼻ûлָҪ˰ôߵ˰ʵǸ𰡣

˷׷ױԹǵ֪ϢԼð˰ģǿǾǳģΪʲô¶һ
һδƽһ𰡣
˵˻ǿ
տЦСϢӡ˰ҪΪȡӹƣҲǽصðĶ˰գʵҶԲ˰ֻ㲻˰ǳ͢ͲΪԼǲǵǲģؾǹС˺֮ĽףҪζԷԲɡ
˵õɣûɷ֤˭Լ
ԼҪɷ֧ѽ
ʵǲ֪˵ӡ˰ߣ
ЦûƶǷǳǳ;ˣҲ߹һǮ
ǮСȡһģ
յһһġ
Щգգۣȷʵͳ¾磬һǧԼŽһǮ⻹ߵġ
ҪĻͿԽܣǹ˰ɶʮ֮հ
յһ룬Ҫȫý˰˼ҵӦ𣿶ңҲǲ˰͢ΪʲôΪǵַǿ϶ҳ͢Ҫֹ͢ȣǵöԳ͢йףҶˣԼҲжԼۻڡ
ǮͷǣС˵ǣҪ˰̫ߣǺܸߣǵȻܹܡ
ЦģǻؿǵģҵּӦö˫Ӯǵõ󣬳ܹܵ͢˰ҪǶˣһǮղӡ˰ûκˣǽķŵȥɡ


1833 ڱ
ȡĽѵûץ䲼һ޵ڣǷǳҪģκ߶Ҫһڴƣʱٰ䲼ִ
һȷЩõĹԱǺٻصˡ
ƾٸѾˣǲıģʵ֮ʱҲоĴ㣬谭̫ȾͲӦҲûа취һصĻҲ¶ģҪǿƾƣܿ쳯ֻӷ
ƾȻʤƷƣƷƸӻ߹١߷ѵ󣬿ƾƣԶҲǳƽģǱⲻˣ˵ϻظĳһصĿƾ٣˲Ŷ¼ȡʿ϶Ҫ͢µ˶ϧ֮ģ˲ŲܷŹҿƾҲֲȱݣŶȥˣ˹ٳչĺãҵԷչ
Ҫٶȸƿƾ٣޷ǾҪΪʱṩ˲š
Ȼ͢ѾʾЩԱǸ⣬ҳŵȱˣȴмѡͬʱҲųϢܻ˰ֺר֣ЩмƸһЩ˻
ǹԱǶԴ൱ҶΪ˵٣ȫǸٳйϵģҲ٣Ҿͻ
Ϊְҵš
ңûз͢ôҸˡ
ЩԱôܰݣ塢йԱһʵʩѹ
ƿݲƾٸֻ΢һƾٲŸոճһӤôȥ춼ԣҪĻǾǴ£̸ϣǾƿЩʼδǴƵĹƣô˵ľ͸ģʿ׷Գ͢ôôܸġ
ֱµ˽沢صݸǿǹ嶼ǴǼ־ƣΪ˰ô
ѵֳ͢ȥ˰
Ҫ
Щʿ˵
µ˰ƲǴΪעĵ㣬ҶڶԴۡ
ƾٸƣҶûô⡣
г
ǮЩ̵ĹгĵҲˣΪЩˡҪѵģҲͼѽֻʱûʲô
ϣ磬һƾư
Լҵľ¥Ȼָ߳һڽƾƣǰȥѯʵ
߳һۣûȾơ
һתĪΪһ¶
߳ºߵ治֪ҵôģȻΪͷһΪ٣¸׶һֱ㡾ְأַ֣񵹺ãҳΪֺ֮ˣ񡢳ǷõãҿǵճӰ
Ǹ٩ĵճӣҲǸ߼Ψһһĳ·ߵģ񡢳ĶȥѧԺҵǣǾͽˡ٩佫ҼԴӺɷҪؿ㣬ûΪ߳³ͷʵҪͷĻջĿһ£Ͼ٩ƳԪ˧֮һܲﾡҪȥ
֪¡ѽһҲǵģʲôˣɶȤζҵȥ٣һԸȥС٣Щٶǳ챻ǽѵȤȥһɶϡģȽӴŮ͸˵ˣңڶѽȥҲЩô
߳ûֲ
ֵڸв֪ѽ㲻ȥҺСѽСϵôãһģ˵ҲΪűõģҸ㣬ǺСԸ㲦㼸䣬ò
仰߳µȥˣΪգˣܾôѽ
ⲻ֪ʱǸڵĹõꡣ
õꡣ
ϣԭҵӦȥݷúС磬СȴúС绨ѣΪҵͱ̫Ӧˣ
أҡ̡˹ǳϻ̳Ͽֵ˵
ЦȻǶǴ񣬵ڳˣǿˣȻΪͱɣɡ
ǡǡ

ǣ

յôûлȥͥǱӦʹɣ
أæֻ˵һ⣬ǱżңвǰЩ½½Ѿˣһȥġ
ͺãҾ𲻱Ҫᡣ
ģģֻҪСڣǾûʲôᡣأظ֤š
֮ڣǾûᣬҲᡣ
ֵڳ͢ҲжŰɣ
أҵͷСǴҲ
ôƶԭѽѵ߻ͷ·ҡҡͷȻǣҵ˼ǣ⣬ԭ⼸꽫ᷢչѸ٣¾ԵЩˡ
æСģҲӽչȡϺСĲ
أȴСĪҪָǼ䣿
ָ㵹ǲҵֻҵһЩ顣
С˵ҵϴ
յʲôǵȻԴҪõչͱøԴЩطǱǰƶȣǲþӪ˷ôõأǶвǷǳģһʲôֻ֣һУǷս
̵Сָެ
յެȻ֮һެڸԭϣҪҲǷǳѵġ
أͻȻСָĪǶͻʣ
ЦֻҶ˵ദĻǢһЩ
أ
أҵҲ֪Ǿˮˮ
˭˵ģѵ
Ȼǡ
أҶ֪˵ǺãҪƷǰƶȣֻܲȡսǿɲ̡
Цͨ̾Уǿ԰ǵ˷չһ£ԷҲˣȻںһˡ
أգգۣͻȻ
Ҳǵ㵽ֹͻȻת֪Ƿ˵ˣѾ̲Сɡ
أüţެںġ
յ˶ԣһǳĴԭյ㲻ӦýǻҪӵиΪгСǽͨҪ壬ͨ˹ʳıؾ֮·
أҵ֪Сô
յҪǻȥ֮󶼻ʩѹެʩѹСɶҪԣެԴò
أ˼ެòأʱٷսǿɶδսлָ
ЦǷģֻҪ㹻ǿƣսʹġʱǿҪ󶼻Сɣ͢ҲһϷ¹Ȼ뼯Ҫެ֪ǸҿսôͱߺսԴǸ̸С
˹ƵެǴƣβһǣһѽ
Цһˣ׷棬ެǿǸԭҪɶûɶֱܹʲô棬һˣǷսȥެԺķѵ㹻ެػϸʮ飬ԲҪʱ̣͢ެ˺ֻҪһެʵ̸УҾа취ެ⣬δʮУల£ƽ
أҾϲ棿
Цŵͷԭڿٷչܽެ⣬ĵģһҪ»޺ú̸̸׽ެƵĹϵȷ


1834 
ެڴƶԣһ޽⣬ΪҪȥެҲ˵ܲܳɹɹҲ˵һǧ˰٣ڲĴƣûܵģҪǶެȫսǹʲôͣ
Ҳźպܾã»ֻϺ꣬ҲΪʵɽܵķΧڣֻҪެӰļƻͷǳǳˡ
ǽʱգҲҪı״Ǵ⽻⣬ΪûʲôļƻҪֻҪļƻɹެǾ֮ʱҪͣͶǧԣǸͲʲô⡣
أ뺫յ֮󣬾̻ȥˣΪһ˵óҪˣ̫õʱ
Ǻȴо޴սҪ֪ûڳȫͨ˵˻ʵۺʹ󳼣ϾҪıƣ˭Ҳ๤ҪҲûʽӡ˰ָԵıٵ˵ЩȵߣҪǶԵĻǱִвȥ
Ҳڷ⽨䷨ѵõط

ȥԼЩй£еΣ
Ŵʵ
ŴѾ֪ͨǣҲʾԸ飬ƿֹ̫ܲ۰
һ߰Ų豭һЦֹ̫ۣҪǶЩʲô
ģ
Ŵشķǳɴ࣬ΪûӮǺ뵽ʲôǵİ취
պܺ𣿡
²ƣܹɹ
ǵҲǡ
Ŵ֪յԸ˵ģǼгҲͲʣͻȻȥô
պʲô֣
Ŵ˵ڡ¼ǽ뿪
ûʲô֣
ŴԼǰô㣬ѵͲ롭
ղ˵꣬Ҳ̫СҺˣڽˣֻһԸˣѹ˵ƷСٶȥ֣ҪȥĻ˵ҵĵѾ䵽һأ
Ŵһʱ
ʵѵô
Ŵûǣһˣ˾ƽƽ
ǣ
պǺһЦǸףһġ
ŴٺٵҪô
Ȼǡ
ճ溰ȥ͡

۸æӦ
Ŵ󼱵ƾʲôѽ
յôģȻͣôһ㿪ģˬѽ
Ŵû͵ġ
պߵôù£ҶˣһͣǷ𣿡
ŴߵҼҲǴǼû׬Ǯ
һ̧֣ˣˣͣҸǮ
ŴЦǾͶлˡ
Ƥڳ˼գûεҪģв˴뿪аǼ÷࣬ټĳݲ
ʧ뿪˳ȻҲŰյһ·һΣ̫ˡ
ѹûйע£߲ߣûνԸͣأոջܹѹȥ
纫ԣڽжֻԼһԸѹûôȥע帮ĹעҪڣϾ帮ˣõļֵ˼帮ƴ̰Ҫ˼ɣʮһСˣǱһǳѵõĶѣҲҲֱǰ˲ˡ
ΪԼһӣ鶼ûС
ңˣֻҪ㲻˼ˣҲȥǳģϾԼҲһˣ˵һǧȥ˱޳ܣֻ˵ѽ
⣬ջиҪҪǻЩŷ
Ϊȫٷ֮ʮ۳帮ڹУЩŷǹдǻֱӰŹҰٷ֮ʮıiϾ⸮棬ھӪ棬ЩʿԸźܴӰ졣ΪʲôҪܿУôһйҪģǷǳѵģҲǡʷļأƨǰϦ͸Ͻ͵ȥþӻͣһȺåǸ͵ȥģֻмеĵλϧѾʷѾʧȥӪһС
ŴڻӼЩŷʮˣǺܶ࣬ǳԹеһĴ壬ǿԴеĹԪҲԪ޹лһЩǻ׹ݣΪ¤Ҳǹй塣
λǰԭŸλҲ˽⡣
ûиôѣϾҶǴæˣżɽһΣ֮Уʧȥأά֣ѵľأһַõ黹ظգһַӡ˰ȡӹƣҲⷽϢˡ
ܿЦô
һ˵
˻
ΣɲŪģǳ͢ԼŪðջȥˣֻܽǵأھȼǣĻǾͻȴҪΪ¸𣬳͢㵣ûУλγ͢
˵úãһֱеķǳãҲǽھ棬ûоƣҴнǿʢϳƣҪҴơ
Σ帮ΪΪ֮£кιϵڹ˽ɶ˵ȥѽ

Щצĭɣ֮ǲϷϳƣҲջأǷǳǿƣȻġ
ôҲһһӶ
Ŵ뵽Ҳǹˣֻ̫ԵǵĿա
Цλ԰꣬԰̸̸֮꣬͢Ϊ͢ȡ˽ѵκ߶ôܸϻһûпȫͰ䲼ˣŪ˵Ǵ͢Ҹ˶ԣҸв˶кģڣڣҲ̫ˡ
ǸǸҵҲǾ¡
ǣǾǾ£в֮¡

ڹеϾйӵܣǶǺոŵģԺһЦת
֪֪
Цŵͷ˰·ǳƽҪǾֱ⹫ƽɡ
УǾ;ֱɡ
Щһֿˣڰ֧ѽҪ˵Ļһߺȣһģô
ﶼǵˣֱ϶ͨѽ
Ŵˣֱǻ粻˷Ѵҵʱ䡣
վھֱ֮ǰҲò͢˼Ļֵ͢˵ûоľλڸҰĹɣ
˵
úܼ򵥣˵ʲôҶֱǷˡ
һҪ˵ܽʵҲһ㣬ǾۣλҲ֪еȻز٣㲻еΪ˸࣬ʳҪؽУԴӳ֮ʳ㹻еԣǴӦĻеʳܹʮǮҪӦĻǱ֤۾Ʋ߹Ǯġ
Щŷɵˣԭˣѽ
͢ƾʲôǽۣһ˷ŭ
ǣʳǵģ͢ûȨ
˵͢ûȨȨ͢ҲôⲻǺôǳֻ͢ҪӽʳУе۾ǲ
췽ҹ̷ôӽʳǴӽһǮģ˷ѣҲֻôһǮѽ
ܣа취΢΢һЦô㻳
û˸һɣ㺫˵һǮҲû˸һɣʲôеļ̣ҵУǷΪƣΪꡣ
в𣿡
ҵ˼ǽһҪΪвĻҲǿԵġ
յͷ
ܹҲǸôȼũаͬ꣬ʱҵҪ͢ճ
ǷģŰյģôʳаջҪȥֵǷ𣿵ȻǮΪûӶôգǾͻڹȥ
һʱһũҲأ
Ҫǰ
ȻˣҲûʲô̸ġ
һò˷Ȼ
Ц̸̸ΪֹǾֱǵʼѽ޳ӡ˰֣
˵꣬һڲ衣
Щ໥˿ƺһЩûһ˾֡
̫ˣЩҲʳҪǮǵ˰ƨ
ͻȻȻ˵ǽǴӦӡ˰֪ʲôô
٣̸еЦôǳ͢άǵȨ棬ܼ򵥣Ҫһ˵˰ڳ͢УҲ͸ͨһûκǽʧȥһеȨ㹻˰͢ȻͻάǵȨ棬۲ܵʳĳҿ۲ǡ
Ҳ˵ǵʳԻȡ㹻Ļ֮͢ʳͬʱǵ˰ӵϣ֤ǣ趼ǼۣҲ̫סɶǮˣǮ˾ҪһҲͳôʳ۵ͣ۸ߣߣҲ֪ڹеʲô壿
޳ӡ˰
һͻȻߺ
֣ļҲֺ֧յģҲЩ岮һֱƲһ潵ۣͬʱһҪ˰¹ԣ˫ش˭ܵѽ
ܶ漰ҵ¹󶼷׷ױʾ֧ӡ˰
е¹رģΪѾ˳оã˵ϵһУ˿ڷǳܼЩ嶼Ǯƣٶ漰ʱ̫ˣЩʼղԸģ൱صһЩˣϾй嶼ǺӽģǱʱѪͳǶҲǷǳų⣬ԪҾǴԵļѽ
Щɾʲ׷ŭ˫Ŀźգˣѽ
Ҳ룬ѵͲˣô
ЦôңȣֻǴ͢û塣ΣһΣ֮ǰı仯ǶӦǸдҲӦ棬ϾֽšˮЩǷǳҪƷñ˲٣ҲøӼ򵥡ҲкôռȴһҲϸǱ˴˵ģس͢͢Ҳǣ֮ˣҲ뽫˵̫ҿǱ֤֧ӡ˰ǵһҪڡ
˵գֵ޳ӡ˰֡
½½в˿ʼ֡
ҪǱˣǻ飬ƴһƴ˭ܹЦ
ǺյĻ棬ĺ£ⷽ棬û˻ỳɺҺڹбͦߵģ¹֧Щд󳼺͹аն֧
յͷЦлλ֧֣Ҳλģ͢ǵģֱ֮󣬲Żʽ䲼


1835 طµһ֮·
ʼ
Ѿˣ
Ŵʱ˿̵飬Ҫ֪һɶûкѽ
ٶ֮죬Щλá
ԭΪҪ̸⣬Ǿһ̸С
û뵽Щ̵ĹǸ׳Ƴ
⡭
ƾʲôѽ
ŴѾԶԣ
̸֮󣬺дЩдЩɶԸμӣǾ˶ˣĲ鲻ԸѽǺִ˺С磬ЦǺǵһϯ
еΪ˽⣬β˻ᣬ㲦ҵȼ䡣
ΪյʵͽֿɲŹȡᣬϾŸ˺֧֣ܵûرһЩɡ
ɼѾɱһˡ
⻰˵Щ˾ͦģЩĹ壬ǿɲĸԸӦģֻ˵ˣûа취
㲦˭㲦˭ѽ
ңҡ
վ⻰ɲҵ˶ҵĳһ£ǵǿԵġ
Ҳа˷ܵ
յĶĴƽʱӴҲʳҾ͸λ̸̸ʳɡ
һЩڴĿźա
Ҫ̸ҵ˶ûɶȤҪ˵ʳǿɲͬˡ
յеǣ˰شɴ˿ɼеǧ֮ʳӦ㣬Ҫ˿̫࣬ȫĳɵĸǼڹеʳӦˣ˵ƶ񤡣ǹеСǿȫһģҲӦóԹΪܹǹеСô
ǹƽģһָһջʱǶ̣ڿڸкӪ涼ȲС
ǿ϶ܵģǹεʳ̸ϡ
ȫͬ
յչҵڣԴ¹滮ͷ䣬ÿ˶ܹѰԼԴ
˻ҵòǺס
ҲǺ󣬲֪˵ʲô
Цһ˵һЩˣС֮䣬ȻѡСѽտֻһڱȻûǹСãǼǮѽÿ궼ܹнʡǮȥЩ⣬ƷȵȡǰҵչڹǾֻܳԹʵССļ۸ȻǲҪǵĻǰվûԣӽ°
ڽϵĸǣܱ߶ǵĲǵȻҲǹеСֻΪҵҲֻܳԴڵ޷ȫﵽг۸ʲôг۸񣬾һǮһĻгƷļ۸ȫǹСǼ۸ٸҲʳһĻǹСļ۸һǣбȽϲŻвۡλ˵ǲôһ
ͦеİ
Щඥʱéٿ
ּ˵ǹʳ٣ǣһҵչǿԶڹʳͻĸˣҶǮˣȻʲôԺõģ֮飬ǲںǵǮһǵ潫ӡһˣ˫ӮֻҪ֧ҵߣҲ취ǵȨ棬ҲɵҽǶˣҳ˵õ֮⣬һܹõʲô
֮ĵǣʱ̻Ц̸У㷽һͽͬǿɲ̸С
ҪǺշŲסǣλĵôһȸһӣȻڸ棬Чߺü
ּ˵λǹˣݣڹУҪ˽ĶࡣҾ˵˵Ҹ˶ڹеĿλδʮڣеһһơΪʲôΪеط֣ũҵȻö˵ҹе¹Ȼ롢ެԭĵ㣬Ҳ˵ǹó׵ģͬʱǾʦ˲žͼڴˣҵҲҲ˵еΨһһʿũ̶ȫ淢չĵǾ޽еġΪʲôǹʿũأ̽ΪеĲƸΪʲôҪЩƸ
һΣҲ֤һ㣬ݵĹԭԶԶǹе⼸䣬ݵĹҵѾԶԶǹУȥݳʯĽֵȥǱػҪȥڹȥĻеС󣬶ᱻϵĸ˸ȥΪǮˣʵС󣬳ԵȴΪʲôΪǹԶ˫ۣϳûͷչǵ˽ƸͶʵȥˣ¹еİմߵĹʣֻΪһڷԡ
һˣҵȻΪݵķչе˷ܺͿģͬʱҲڹע˴ѪҲļеû䣬ŸλҲһйΪܹ£ܼ򵥣ΪзûˣǵĵλͲƸǰɽĸˣٸʵҲ˭ῴ
Ƕǹй壬ӦȰһƬأΪоµһµһǲǺģҪʵ֤ģ棬ѾҪ֤ʲôǴƾѾս޲ʤҳ֮󣬾ͺƾ̵ϢҲˣǹоģ޿ɶҡΨʣ¹̱ϸϳˣһΪҪοȥطԸذյȽϵġӦͬЭȡеøãӦýľں档
ѽ棡
ֻһ뷢ڰײӵˣԼʵ
ҲǷ׷׵ͷ治ڼˡ
ŴǴͷѹ
ǿɶǹй壬ȻЩƷ²ôǶǹеǰеʲôµģĻҵѾϳԽελ㱻ȡܺùô
ϾǳһΣԽУ͸ӲζôõķչƣŪ
վ·ܹڹУһ֧·
ǰԺǲôãһǵģҲǵġ
ܼ򵥣ûˣʲôˡ
ԣһҪάеȨ档
Цŵͷ
ʵ֣ǺվİŵģǰЩ·
ҪĲǵҪ֧֣ЩǷǳŪģ䷨Щ棬ΪСǷǳ鷳¡
ЩĴȻڲҲ࣬ǱϾǹ壬ʱ𡢵һ£˼Ҫô࣬ҪôսպգЩҪöࡣ
ЩŴһݵĿźգڲţֻءҲĶ֣ȻܹЩ˸˵ޣҡҶ˵ˡ
Цءʲôܹʥ˺Ժ£Ųţﲹһ䣬ǰǴԽȥġ
ŴڨڨһЦȻţǿʥѽһˡֵ˵ģû뵽ܹô׵˵ǡ
յΪѣΪ㻹ڹȥ
˻
ǰҵΨһңܺƣ˼ƣͬ͢㹻ĳ룬еԣǾͽȥϣȡʳҪǽʳ˲Ҿ͵ȥǣʵڹеһҲ˵ġ

ԭǺưŴʵôŶָǣù߲ģ
Ц˵Żǵģô
š
Ȼд𰸣


1836 ʿĻƽʱ

λ岮һǷǳǸλ岮
Ҽңιֵ
Ұڰֵףס
Удһ˿Ť
Ҫ˵֣ǲܵģΪջص֮󣬸ҼûĺܲӦãڣͲЩǼںմʱݣҲ治˵ʲô
ﵱȻҲף¶ĲǣҲ룬ΪһΣѾҡ˹ңұĺһС֮ǰôҲչһң˾Ϳܻ˻ұԼһ˽ȫԸ˲ܰҶȹѹأǸλ岮ģʵһֱעҵ
ЦǺǵһˣ˵Щ
Ҳ˵ǣ

ұʵҵҲµ£Ͼ·Ϣ춼ǣ漰ƣҵҲԸЩѽ
ЦձΪ¶ġȻĿǰδȫȷǺпܻϳƣΪ͢ûжؿڸգǵش󣬵ԭղûԸȥǱߡ⣬üĹԱҲֻмһֿԻصУ֪һβԱ֮УϹʮ˱áλ岮ǲǵǼȥΪȥá
۷æʵ˻
յ·䲼ϽӭΪƽʱ
һϲƵǸЩϢ·ǲЩʿġ
˰ǲˣǸƿƾ٣Ǹ⣬ûһʿġ
Ц֮ǲΪһֱǴȨģŷĻߣϳ˺ܶ鷨ң󻭼ңڵĴѧʿĵҲ˲żüãű֤ĵλӶֹڳеĵλ
⻰ǸһЦ
ʵ·кιϵ
յϽе˲ŶжѣǳܹȨʵҲǼҲǺܶڳжµµΪһΪ̫࣬ûչʾԼĲܣڶڽ͢עظиҵķչһᵼ¸иҵ˲϶һӰȻڳеȴܹϵ̶
ǿԼмʴӱʺϵٵĺ֮㣬Ƽ͢˵ĻͿǸԼãȥиҵչԼȡüĳɹһڸһ¥ң𣬵ų͢ӷչҵнøܼ׳󣬶ڳҪȡǾͱó汾̫áĵ̣벻κβɹĵԣҪȾ׼Ҫиҵȫ淢չΪҲ׼ȫ淢չΪʲôΪΪʲôӭƽʱ
⻰治٣ûгٵĹ壬ȷʵŵƣΪ󣬽ûռҵչһȽҪ죬иҵҪ˲ţȷʵӭһƽʱ
ǵ˼뻹ԵΪ٣գǳüЩת
Цλ岮ΪʲôһֱΪΪǼԼ֮ͬʱŴ󻷾ı䣬ԭɽǨϣֹУһָı䡣Ὣݼŵģ˾ͲУô˵ϴʿ⼸
ҵǲ֪Щҵʺأ
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⵹ǿѽҲձңʦҲǳʺҡ
ͷϷҲΪ˵òҳ͢Ҫƾٸƣ⣬ȷʵӦȫ淢չɲǰһ
ЦգҪİæϿɲֻһʿ壬Ǵ¬֣ڵ̷Ҫʤϵġ
¬֣ǳһ壬޽еʿ壬һ̻û
ӵкա
Цˣһ˺˵Щ
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ҳһ緹ˣҪȥݰݼϷˣػǸԪϵһ¡

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ջδ䣬ͼһ˴ŵһô£ܲô
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٩ǺһЦҵĳӶˣҪ㣬⸸׿ɾ͵ȥˡ
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٩ɲǳ̴Ҫǳ̴ĻվƲô˵٩ǷǳӵģЩͳ˧ԼĶˣӣھѧԺִ񣬾һڳе٣ܵñʾһ°ɣ治̫˼ӻֵˣˣҲҽ㣬ҪϣܹҶı·ܲڼɡ
͸Ӻ˵ˡ
յ֪ǰĸã
Ҷӻ治õá٩ǰ̲
̲
΢һЦھ͸Ҹ㱣֤Ǹ߼ҽгϢӡ
٩⻰Ӻ˵𣿡
Цӡ˰֪ġӡ˰ĹؼԼԼ÷ǳҪҲἱӣôԼľҲ÷ǳࡣ
٩úƵҶӵǰ;ɶϵ
ϵɴˣ
ЦҲ˵ɷҲ÷ǳɱ˵գЩ̡мȥоɷҲû֮֡ʱ϶ǿ϶ֵٸȥģⶫǺмɵģҪרҵʿȥǣ̲ģɷһоӿϼˣһרŸΪȥٸ˾ĻֹܷԱѹգҪȤĻҿԳǡ
٩һǼͷͷѽſڱȴЦôǮں㡣
˭Ǯࡣ



1837 ȵǵĸоˬ
һʼչһʱһµҵʹһЩԭȲ۵ҵÿʼ׳һġ
ӡˢҵֽǵߡ
ʱıΪãƶڻָĹУûʲôˣ붼ӦƸġ
ӦƸˣЩ˵ĹԱʿĹԱЩѾؼȥˣǻصңԵ𣬿ԵҲΪʲôʿǰƻȨҲҪһڷԣλԶԣǾͱȽƽȣĹ壬ǾǻȨϣеǣʳ֮»Ϊǣ뿪ʵۣǻˡ
кܶԱǵײԱǼûдƬڵǣҪıƣȻɾͻȥˡ
¥棬ʿҪǴձ࣬Լӡˢ
ǸʲôµģдµģЩ˵ĹԱɶɶУΨд¸ְ֣λ̵õЩʧҵʿӵ׷ҲñʵĹ˵ȥҲˡ
ҲǾ䣬ʵһֱûʲôдúõ˲ţŻȥ٣ȫǿȥߣıʵǳͨ
ӡˢ͸ˣչȻ죬űȽΪʶֵĲ࣬طϾͲö˵ŰɶҪʶֵġ
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ɼûɶ۹⣬Щ飬ȥˡ
¥

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ʱһȺ˶һӱ߱Ȼţˣæ
ܹܡ
Ц˵һµĺǹ
һɣӸϽָ߳ſӱߵ㿴С·ĺ
ӱǽˮ壬ʮͷǳȴʮһ
˳ȥգգۣˮࣿ

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տ첽ߵǶԱߣϸ˿ˮ࣬дġ˵ţֻعͷȥŽˮ㷢ģ
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ȻʯоָɹչҲǷǳ˽⣬һپ͵ĳˮ
ԭˡ
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ΪļԺƭˣƭԼﲻôôĴϾⲻģֻöѣµ˷÷ǳˬ
ͻȻºطûдȥɣ
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յͷȸұܺãá
ǡ
ֵȥͰɡ
ɣľִźڣֻǳƯһͼĴͰǽǴ
Ҳ٣ὫͰƷڸɡϸš
Ŀǰ۵õͰ۸񲻷ƣһͰɫġ
ʲôʱôˡ
Ƕ㷢ģǵȻõġŶרΪ˼ǳͰͰǮ򲻵Ѿˣ׼˸ׯ԰ϡУˮΪԽˮ׷ŵݶϣҲ㵹ˮͬʱº
Ƿ¥ʲôʱܾﰡЦ


1838 ʱĲ̺ҵ
ȻˮͰĳֻ֣һСѣɻǱ䷨Ͼ䷨غŹҵĸ󷨣ͬʱҲδķҲҵ˼գ㽫Ҫǵѯʹ̡
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ԵͷյѾЩˣ̸֪Σ
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úǺЦ²ֹ˰ɣЩ޿ɱ˽ġ
ǶǳԹ¤壬ܲ˽ô
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һ㶣漴Ц
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յ£ǶǴľʳ۵ĹֱӰǵһС
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Ȼû˵˼Ѿԣǵ¹ᣬ沢յء
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ĹϳҲжţǵ̣ͬڵ˰ֻ»ۡ
ϾһǳеĻ⣬ΪɶԣֻҪɸһĵģܹά档
յü㳯͢˰Ҳ۵ģ֮ˣĹЩ˲ŻΪҪ֣Ǿˣ˽˰쾭壬ûõʥ潻˰֮ˣǾӦòġҵǾã۷˰˰ҪһЩ
Ҳͬԣ𽲾УǴǵʿɮѰ˼ŵ沢أ̰ͼ̳ҲᱻôȥЩеɮ¡ʿܵõӣΪЩ沢أıȡµ۷׳Уγɲķ͢ӦøһЩ棬˰Ǳõľ档
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СǷ׷׵ͷʾ֧֡
ȴҪôһô帾׽Ϊ˰ֶΣⷴ˺ǵģͬʱҲ˺͢Ŀǰ͢ҪϽָûȥչǣôֻ͢ĸأΪ͢ôͳưյļͥʵӡ˰ĿģΪ˼㣬Ķ˰աȻҲǷ飬ֻΪ͢ӦУȵ͢ȥô
εͷ˵ò͢ĿǰУǲֻֻᵼΣı
֪šʽһۣԵͷ
ǶǳңĻ壬Ǻʱʱķʽ֣ìܵģòײŽ֣֮ձΪṩָ͢һЩߣ˰пܻȥֵء
ֵһ㣬ᵽӡ˰ʱôģǷǳԼΪ긴һĳׯʴˣӦÿ궼ӡ˰֣нûճɣǲζſԲӡ˰ǵĻ͢ӦĹ涨һ㣬ֹԱ֮󣬼˰
һЦźյ벻ӡ˰
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εǵȻģ֣ðս˰ɱȡѣ͢Ӧòǣôȡˡ
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¬ʦɵһֵ£߾˾աԼʹΰڸûκιףڹʷȴԼĹѦʹ󽫾֮ϣֱ޳֮⣬޻ʺѧԺɷǻʺһ֮޽ģ˶ԴŬȴֲֻᡣ¹Ȼ롭
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εͷãôɡ


1839 ܶǳ·
ΪʲôҪֹ¬ʦ˵ȥΪ¬ʦᵽ¹Ȼ롣
Ϊڵǳս֮УεѶϣԼжϵʧЩ¹Ȼ룬ɶս۹һ
ҪáмЩ˵ֵסެĽǺǲġ
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Ҳ˽¬ʦԵԸ񣬲ƺĲϽɢᡣ
ǵ̵ȥʡңҪ顣¬ʦԵ¬ɣһ˵
ǹһȻʡǱȥ
յ¬ɣ֪֪㷽ڸʲô
¬ʦԲʵѵΪأ˭˵ҪᳫԼģʷжŻԣΪһ𣿡
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¬ʦգɫԻͼ֣ͷʷһ£Ժ̸㷽ôΪά¡
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¬ʦԵѵΪû֪ʵ𣿻ԾǻԣᱻʶƵġ
յȻǣû֪ϸڣҲֻǲ²⣬ӦڹһܣƲܹΪΣ档
¬ʦԵܹŹΪɣҲ˵㣬ҿԴӦʼΪЩ飬Ȼ΢Щ֦Ҷ䣬ҿˣǾûȻˡ
յͷ֪ҲȳԱӣһӵˣʲô¶ܹɵóǲܳ伢ģм˿ƶƣͬĵµĹ˸Ҳں㣬ִܹкãұøǿʷһҲء
¬ʦЦҡҡͷǱΪʲôһҪ㵱
տЦҲΪʲôҪȥԭְλɲôøɵġ߰ɣǻкܶҪ
¬ʦԵȻҲ֪ĿǰΪǹغҲΪ˵⣬˰գô˵ģһҽȻ֪һ㣬һأû뺫չۡ
ʡѾȺʱ
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ʽܵȻ֮ȷʵһ⣬ѵ
Цһƣָǰ
յĿģҪұøãðձøӸԣƾǼҿԺܿ϶ĸǣǲܵģȥվӣǵ԰ÿգǲܵģǲҲͨˡʴˣҪ취ǰ
ǰȻͨķܶҪȥܶΨһΪľǣΪ˷ܶҲԳΪˣͺƾٵľһǿѾܲˡ˵ͥ⣬㲻棬ʲôܹսȻǶ飬ռܹðӵзܶĹߣӦΪȥŬĵط
֪ŵռҪǮ
ЦΪʲôѧԺȡ˴ĳɹ
֣е˼ǣ͢ռ
ȷ
յҲԼŮɲŵģҲ֪˵ŮҪҲǷǳѵģ͵͵Ǯѽ͢԰䷢ߣֻҪĳһĹģﵽһ̶ʱͱҪӵһѧԺ˵Ů顣ɾǣΪҪϰ࣬Ͼչ˼ͥìܣ˱Ϊ˸𡣶еĵط˾Խ࣬ӡ˰ҲԽ࣬عٸҲһӡ˰ڽñ˵ʦĹʡⲻǱռзǳҪһߣΪյĸֲ˺ȵӯ⻹ǿȫ
ʽܵ⵹Ǻ£ǣ˼еĵطܹռҵĵطռأ
յҲýѧԺ͢ҪЩԱְѧԺʦΪǵˣҲǵѧʶôֻҪܹ̻Ả֣ʶΪ鲻Ϊ˵٣ǸṩܶĹߺͻҪסǲʥˣΨʥ˲ʸȥΣΪעص˼룬ǹԱԱְҪʵ˵ٺãִвˣǾǹƨ˷ʱ䣬˷ѽǮһ㣬ĿǰҪȫԸ£ȷŵһߣִ֮
¹ס

¬ʦǲ֪ôҿкڡ
ĻصԼ޹ǰվһȺū澡̫̣࣬ұϻźüľӡ
ū澲μ¡
ʶЩ𣬶й
£ūǷʺ֮Щ
Щʲô
Կһۡ
£ЩǻʺԼһЩ鱦ʺϣܹЩ⡣
΢΢üƬ̣ŵʤʹ˸ɫ
ŵʤ˽Щ̧ȥ
ҲûٴЩ𣬾ֱȥ
ڣЩ˿ӵϣŵʤԸЩɡ
С
ŵʤֵ£ʺԼĵЩ鱦⣬ɼʺѾϴˡ
Цϴܹ¹ʧôǮɥЩţһë̸ϣΪԭǲܵġ
ŵʤգҶԡ


1840 ƴ
й
Ƶ޵ϣԵĴƣȫƺ߹
һ˫֣һԵЩ¾ɵ鼮һǼԣĹ˼ʺ󡱣δ
ʺ𣿡
ǹ
žѹü΢壬ɡ
Ŀ⻹᲻ôߡ
ǹ棬еһ񣬵ʺ󣬶Ѿ͹ȥˡ
ʵ˵ʲô𣿡
ֻԵɣĵûж˵
š
һͷֵ⸺ծ󹬵һЩ롣
ū
ȥɡ
ǹأԽζĿǱ飬ʺ㶼һˣʱˣϢˡ
ƫĿһƳ
ǹŵһæū澸ˡ
Ȼ㼱ȥ
ҡҡͷֽĿͶϡ
ֹȥʱ﷽Щƣֻдšѧ֮ѧ֡һ˫Ŀܿ죬˫ĿУ˷ܹâ˵òȷûΪеĿԣǵһ¡
˵Ծһȣաҿɻû䡣
ʱȥ˼ȫͶ뵽Уھߣȫɳӡʽܡ޶ջ治޶ЩɷЩ޶ãȻٸԼ뷨ȥ޸ģ칫̡
ҪľͶ뵽Уһߺã̸ûչ
ȻҲ˵Щμһȥط˵룬Ǻȥûôʱ䣬ͷһ˿Ƿǳ׵ġ
еǴձ
Ϊ˼ӴȣƶݣȻ˽дã˴ӡȥӡˢҪٶȣð֪͢
Թ͢ûôƣǰ͢κߣջҪʿ׼о仰˵úãȨأһأֱʿ׼ñֽȥ
һֵˣǳΣ֮УԽҵĵطԽ֧˺һİյ֪Ϣ֮ĵǱ˵꣬䲼ԡңЩطҲСģ϶ûʲôԵ
֧ӦõģҲûʲôأѾ沢ӡ˰ǶҪ˰ǵȻְ֧
ЩҲΪΣ֮У沢˷ǳأټǰձܽᣬնǱԹҪֵĻ˵ǵıңǼ沢ôأвǿڷЩﶼڳ͢ģ͢յģ󻹵ù黹
ΥΪ͢ɽЩջȥƽʱǵģΪҲͳν׼͢Ҫ㣬᲻㵽ͷϣҲڴġ
û뵽͢ûи㣬ҪЩغϷܼ򵥣㲻˽лû˰ֲҵģƾʲô˰Ҫ˰Ⱦ͵óЩضǵġ
Ŀǰԣʵӡ˰ЩģǶҲڴԼ̣ʱȴӦعΪԼǮƣܻа취˰ġ
Ƿеģľǰ֮أɽ֮أ֮صҵûзչũҵǷǳģŴʵһ·ѡݣΪʳѽʴ˵صĵǼģɽĻȻҵҲڷչɽʿ嶼׼ڵصӰʵ̫ˡ
ҲǺԤе£רȥ˵Щʿ𡢵ͬʱ˴ĴձȥأΪ
ΡڹУƸڽϣشӦˣͺðˡ
ɽȻӰȽϴ󣬵С¬ʦԡ֣֧Ҳ޶ĸ˿ǴɽĴڳемƳɽʿû˵Ĵ嶼У̫ˣɽʿȨףһ˰գȨǷǳġ
ͬʱڴձ棬ģռұʾҪʦڣھǹҷʣһҪȡʦʸ֤ʦⶫڹŴϡжʶʣֵĶûм͢ողõһԱͬʱ͢ҪȫռҲ˵ЩԱԻؼҾҵ
Ҳ˾Աɵìܡ
Ϊиҵȱ˲ţǧԱֻҪԼԸ⣬ܹܿƴյ
սʦڣȣΪ˽ռƹ㿪ʹ֮ȶֻг͢ȶֻܾܲ裬ʼΨͼģһⲻᣬͻѡţó͢ΣЩ
ϰͿҪˣ͵İ䲼ˡ

ʹڡ
£Ѿȫװˣ
ŵʤһĵĳ˵
ϸǰ̴ľáΡ⡪ǳд̸۵Ͱ
ͰղûЦͷΪƵģһ޶
ʱ꣬Ͱǻˣ
ȿֺȥ󹺣ȻвٴǹӦ󰡣
һֹӦƷƱػⶼζˡ
εã
յһӱɡ
ԣԡ
μæǰסǸӣ̫ȷĿۺա
յͷ
һֻûһ죬ŵһһƣǾ⡪ˮǴģ
ŵʤæرµĻһˮףˮͨܵġ
εΪʲôһӣͻˮأ
Ц漰ѧ֪ʶô
ԥƬ̣˰ɡˣͰҲ㷢ģ
Цŵͷ
κǺǵΡз䡢ޣȴӲйһհ
Ц¹ˡǰǲеģԺкܶຫյġ
κ⻰Ӻ˵𣿡
յ֮ţҴƿšɵĻΪģǱƸΣнʱգİնһ෢ͰҲеϡ棬ɼҴ֮ţҲʴǰУԺֻԽԽࡣ
κǺǵ㻹˵Ҫ޵ĴֻԽԽǿ󡣡
һġհһ䣬ʵѵԭôΪô
ޡ
ε˺һۡ
ڨڨһЦ
ֵ֪Щֽᱻȥ
ŵʤ£һأ嵽ȥġ
ղóóģֻҪʱǱˣҲʹóڵİչøӺá
ЦŵͷͰĳ֣ȷڳйԽͰԽ⣬ӻֵȥȺɡ
һ㶣漴׹΢ˡ
ŵʤݣȺ
ûһһʿǰȭŴϢļλѾˡ
ԣһϲ˵ȥ
¿ɻڡ
ŵʤæﺰסûйһձܵûӰˡ
ʱոˬΣ˳գˮͰ漫ˣףأ
ŵʤڨڨ˻ϢСתһ£Ȼؼȥˡ
Цûתɡ
ŵʤ㶵֪
Ц޵ĳӣ޻˽𡣡


1841 ˹
ǻǡôҪǰЩӻչҲûʲôǣ̵ҲˣֻһЩû޶ꡣ


µСոôţͼͺ˼ĳ
Ů
һֱ۵һ£û
ԸȽϺߵĺֻǵ˵ͷ
ȴźյĴȴҲ
źС֣Сӣûб㣿
򵱼ŵͲῴô
СĴĺܣڵһ㶼Ǳźûκβǵˣ֮󣬷̫ϲձΪ˵֮䣬û˵ø׵ȥѹϾǱһŮħͷѹš
￴ܵģֵøֱЦ
СǡֳźôˣЩˣ
ֻһЦ
ȴģÿ¶ȸߣԽȺԽ
ΪԪҵĻЩ̬ﶼѾȺ߳һͷˣкӷھͻãСҰһͳ
æܵܣԺһ᳤ñҪߵġ
ҡͷԵȽ㰫ֲʲô˵£ͻûдô
Сӣ֪ҵ汳룬ҲģҲҪ㲻ġʵСѧϰô
գգۣȻһתʤ˽㡣
վȵļٵģ
ѧģɹµġ
ѽһ·ϸСҰѧϰգСѧˣŹΣɶǺĶ֡
ҲǹΣ
ô۾źա
㣡
εĵ˵ͷں洵ʮг״Ԫ
ؿҴˣӾ̻ġ
ǰվһ޵ٸü˫ѩۣ⻬ķɫ͸˿˿ΣԽ޶ˣθţ΢΢ǣźЦЦŮʮ㡣
˭
ˡ
տ˼ĺӣغ
ɫЩݣȴĪҪ⡣
һ漴źӣǰﲻˡ
ʱһ죬ۿҪ޳ˡ
ȴް֮ͬģֱҡͷ̾ǸһУ˵޾ܿޡ
ʱ۾ǳĿźա
ﻹϲҵĶ̡һôѩĵ
»ش𣬺̻Ԫұȥˣѩ̻ˡ
һ㶣ҶѾ֪αػڶأ׹ٺٵĪٸǴᡣ
ʲô᣿
źյĴȣСһԵ
Ҳһ˿Ŀźա
˫ɱ˵Ŀ⡣
Щ£Ͻźźȥϻͣ˵û£û£˵£Сٴ
Ҫôûм棬䲻˵Ҫ̸ЩɶҲúúñһ´һ˺ͺ򣬵ȻͻǵΪڴڣ˵;Ȥ£Цϡ
Ȼհ;ȥǻ÷ǳģҪΪ˼գܻϸꡣ
¡Ԫĵѩ䶼Ǵҹ㣬ֲͬһĴҹ㣬϶ƳŮԵص㣬˼붼ȽϿţɣԸڼӣΪӦҪԼ׷󣬸γԺŮȫͬģˣֻҲܸһ
ǱϾ˴·Թ֮󣬽ܶ˶ƣۣǻ˯죬ΪǾøҪȸȤˡ
Ǻպһ˱һǷڸԵĴϣǸǺñӣܶﻹ߶ʲô졣
շһЦ˳ȥ
⣬ձһµϸҲѵõС῿ںջϾôûмܲ˼
۲ۣʵ
Цڣеۡ
ʵûң
ԣͻȻһЦ
ƵЦʲô
ҡҡͷǲ롣
նʱһƵĿ¡
ġ
΢΢Ʋ죬ᶼˡ
°һۣЦһ·ľǹλСӢ¼䶼ˣδˣλСƵãҲͲôˡ
⻹࣡մһ˿Եûôţ
µƭǲ֪ǰ϶˵ʲôʥƣ˵˶˵СԵ㲻ſȥǿǽˡ
̾˿ԽξԽ󰡣ⲻʲô¡
¿źգƺĺܺãһΪӢһ㣬һ仰ֻ±ʥּҪá
ɲ׼Ϲ˵û
һЦֵˣ˹ϲΪҴƵڶλ
ƳҪ˵ڶҲûʲôϡģǵһǿ񰡣
ЦҲҪϲΪˡ
˭ϡ
ߵ
ǣ˭ϡǳʣ¾ǲ׼
ɵأ
Ϊأ
ΪҪȥ
һҸոջͱ۸ýģѶûа취ѣϡͿ͵տʼҲǸģǺ֪ͳʱҾ룬Ҳܵʲô
ºΪʲô
յĻҾûʱѽ
ͷĪһůȴƭ˵ĹԽԽˡ
ƭС˵ʲôҲᵱȥġ
촽һ£һҪסʲô飬ǶǷҵĸҵҵһµɷ򡣡
ĨƵã˵ǹٻȥӦô
Ӧպԥ
ߣ֪Ҳôġ
һЦÿɷֵȻҲϡҲջ񡣡
ʲôջ񣿡
ǽһ˿Թһ𡣡ճ˵
Ц֪ˡ
ô֪ģ
ͣһգѾ˳ƺĵΪˣŪĵΡ˵Լˡ
ǽͻεʱ򡣡չһЦʵˣôûл
ЦҸڽǱߣôܻŮңոճɻ鲻á
ȵȵȻᣡ
վȵ˵ʲôɻأ
ѽɻģȡϵŮӡ
Ϊëû˸Ұ
ڲô
ڸɶãϲҶûкȡ
ȥϲƣֻͳɲˡ
˻
һּĻѺ󡣡

Զԣܰ
޶һţһڣһ裬໥ڰϡ
һϲ÷̨ϺȲ衣Ų豭¶Ŀ⡣
Цǵׯ԰Ӧò÷ɣҲ
һѽڽ⻹һׯ԰
յæһӣǾȥǱߺסʮµġ
ɵ˵㻰ˣ˵㻰ÿضŪĸƵá
˵ˣ˵ɶնͷ϶ʱð
¿һЦȻʲôƵãæʵˣ⾿ô£˵»ʺйء
յͷԭ£ȻԭǴҶ֪ģܻµģΪϾ¹غɽһóΪõܡ
գߵʺδҲ̫ĺˣôæȻΪ£뽫ٲ֮أЫĳһ㡣
ҡҡͷЦˣֻŬȥԼĿֺҸ˼ôģ޷ƵģҪΪ˸е
һĨɱٳ֮Ҳһ㣬ֻҪԷǱзĿܣɲܴⰡ
ùһЦ
²Цʲô
յֻ߲Ż£ʺһ㣬Ψǿвûη壬¡ģⶼûг֣ԼѾſˣҪֵĻмܵסô˵ʺʼն֪֮һǲΪС
˵һ㣬˾̫ظ飬˵һ㣬Ǹ֮ʡ
㲻ǿһôЦȴҪԭ˵֮ʵĸоô˺¡
Ҳ֪˭Ҫɨسŵġһ˵
⡭
òûҧͷôƵ§ôҲֻǣףһŽҸ߳ȥˡ
Ȼ꣬һŽո߷ɣǲΡΡƨɣǼ£Цǰʱһӿú۷ֱﰵҪסеʱ䡣
»ע⵽ڲزסĿ⣬ͻȻȵ㿴ʲô
ŵһ֧֧ûҡ˵˵ţͻȻӦҿԼҲôҲҪһ
һ˫ֱֱߣʰ֮ƣ˹ȥ
ϧ¸죬εץס֣Ҹһ·ɻûϴ衣
Ҳ⡣
ҽ⡣
һ衣
ǳ֮Σ
ǵġ
򴽣һĵİֵۡˣ˵ǼС񶼳ΪҪ󳼣
Цŵͷ
µ㻹ǲ˱Ľ顣
˵ĻЦǺǵ
˵õǺһߣǰ㣬ҵǷĲ١
ЦˣʲôˣһҪǵĺǽŻݻհҲǾƲܵģϾұȷ㻹΢ôһ㡣
Цɲֹһ㡣
ǣǡ
򸾶ϵһһȥһˮ裬һȻⲻˡ

ա
һʹӴȥ¡򡢺ͣ˵һøףɷ򣬶Լǳһ̡
Ҫ˵лҪǵóԣСҲȲϵһߴڳţһߺ
ԵõͦŵģһĬĬĵСԴ
ЦǵȻСĳգҲǵڸġ
ͻȻбĿźգмºǸ˵ˡ
պʲô£
ƭҡͻȻС
ۣ
仰ûǺԴ˺գ仰һ仰
Īʲôʱƭأ˵̫࣬ǵס
㵱ƭҺ˵ǼҼҵˣԭôǮȫ֪ˡ
˭ģ
С塣ֱ׳
տ¡
ֻЦĿźգȫûг˼
һ¿˾ȣЩǮɲڵһ˵ģںܶ˵ģֻǵһ˵ĻǵͿʱջôþôãôĻʧȥƣǵģôȻΪǸ˵㽫Ǯ㣬ҲһԸҪ
ǵǮӦӵôŶн㡣
Цô˵ûụֶ̂ŵǮ͵Ļ˵ԵĻôͿԲǮûǮûзԣʲôģ֮飬Ը𣿡
룬ͻȻʵ㣬أ
ɵһֱĻѽ
գգۣ˰죬ͻȻҡͷǲҪǮ
յڳԵĿǵġ
µô
̲͵Ļѽ
ǺԸġСֹ
¶ʱһΡ
ֵùһЦ񲻹ôĿǰǵĻֻеȵԼ׬ǮȥܹȥԼ¡֮Ҫסһ㣬ûѵֻͣͨԼ˫׬ģõİãκ˵ĻܶܶǮõÿһǮԤģΪǵǮȨջ
һĨ£ǮƺǮôǴСѧò׬Ǯı¡
ЦĿԴ
ֳź㣬£Ǯ׬Ǯ㻨
ҽҪ
պ˵ô
ҡҡͷ
յɲǵϲ
գգĴ۾ⲻŮӦô
¶һۣЦ
⺫ԸԪĵ
һתִ˹ȥ㣬Ҫ׬Ǯܵһô
ĵ˵ͷ
ǵƺգСţƴסС
պߵϢ


1842 
⺫СԸȴ˺գʼʱǽʲôʲôõģȶӻҪһЩǺȥ÷壬ñȽƶҲû˵ʳ͸Ѱ˼һҲúܿģûпʲôģֻҪ־Уǲ̫ϲԼ
ͱȽɼĸ˵ģһҾȥɣ뺫ǽȻ෴Ը񣬵ǺִӲȥ˵̵ܵܣʴǽܵĸǷǳҪá
纫ԼԣֻǸҵѣʲôҽһʣҵµɷ򣬺򡢺ĸס
һվ˼٣ڼǣʵҲ˵㣬ΪȺ򡢺Ҫܣ³ûϢһ£飬ȥϵһԶ뺫ڵļһ
ڶգǾһȥݷǡ
ҵȻѾ֪ԪĵѩĴڣⶼʲôܣҲûʲôΪڹԣʵһֻԭҪ˵ֻ壬ֹϵڵԣǷǳġ
ִ֣ͥǰıֵط꣬ǲ˵
һЩϼҵ£û̸ʲô¡
һգִźȥңµûȥúȥͷ󣬵ʱһȥܸһЩԼҲڣ˵㡣


ݼ̣
ԹԹԣ
Ϸ˷ǳͰĽͺԼԣСԴѾôˣ
ͷؼͺ
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ϷúǺֱЦյգӿ㰡
ƵҲôΪô
Ϸ£ⲻôѽ
˵ҺõöĶ˵˵ǡ
˵˵ţС죬ϴ
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ϲô
ǣ
Ϸ˵ͷʵ벻һܵã
ѩ˫ΣʶĿգֻһЦգۣĿһɡ
źɵѩͷУɲˡ
Ϸ˶סˡ
ѩͨ죬Сŵ˭ġ
һԵ˼ګߵ˭˵ţա
նԩˣ粵ʱһתүү˵öԼˣǵ̺ġ
ˣƺ涼ϴˣպ޲ýץݺݴƨɣСӻһӵСְ
ϷȴգĪҪ̫Ǩѩˡ
Ȼź򲻻ѣȻնô˵ˣǿ϶ѩӦ
һϲøѽϷ֮һŬģȡ񡣡
ϷЦ춼ϲ£ˣɾ͵ĺϢ
Ԫĵ¶ˣϷܲżôڹŴ£޺Ϊ󰡣
գ̣˵ʲôˣˡ
ѩֱţطȥˣź򡢺ȥ
ϷҲûǺЦⱦŮʲôãƤһ㡣
պǺǵƤ񣬿Ի

Ϸˡ˼ګһۣЦֱҡͷһ
ϷֵŻѽѩΪĵģ˲û뵽˳ڵĵλ£Դ˶Ƿǳֵ֧ġ
˵÷ǳֱףҲûбҪﶼġֻһ˵һˣǲܵģûʲôɽǰȥҲǾģǴ޴һ㵽ĺҲץҲӦģΪغչΪߣ˭ŮӼ޸գڰжǸʣѾĽײڡ
µȻӦ
ףǳҲӦģҪûǾͱȥ˼ңʡú˺ϷˣСӦģСίκһ˵ġ
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˼ګ̵ĸ״ˣСܸᲢۡ
æǣСεºܣТȡ
ϷֻЦЦǿ׵ĺܣֵգĿǰĵλʵûʲô԰ˣм仰˵
Ϸ˵
Ϊ飬ޣǹԵǰ֮֮ʦڡ帮Ҳʱ⡣
չֵϷ˵׻׻̻壬Сġ
Ϸ˳ԵαȺճԵ׶Ҫöѽ̫Ȩһʱ࣬ûк³ܹȨܹյģǶǻ۳Ⱥ֮ˡ
˼ګͻȻǲǻм£Ǹ˵ˡ
Ϸһ㶣漴ǣ˵ˡ˵ţֿգЦǺǵգмҪͷ㶯Ծ
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ִ壬ûʲôİ飬С˵ģһӸӵϵҶΪȻġ
ңң
ǫĹ֣΢һͻȻֲݣ
˼ګֲݣʲô
ũϣдĹ壬ȥֲݣҰ
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ѩһۣȥˣֻ֪Խ˵ԽΣּ˽
򡢺üԣأˡ
һƬ±㽲ˡ
ѩ˵һƪɡ
̺
ֱӴѩӸǣԼȥ
ҲУ
򼱼ӹȻȥ
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ѩϲ˵ָоǰдͯµʱǾò֪±ʣ뻹Ҫָ㣬еʱֻ±ÿһطҶõС
չǿҪˣ
֪ơѩһֵۣʵǮֻΣ֪ôݡݡݵȵطЩڿдù£Ҿ;÷ǳġ
Ц⵱ȻҪģҪȤܹƸԼøãΪҸ֮£Ҫ֪ΪԼǳĹ
ѩ˼ĵͷ

һգִźͺȥԪұϵѾտ϶ôԼĺӣȥݷЩǡ
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Ԫĵû뵽ջôţһźѽⶼ档ƱҪѿ
ȴøһЩˣЦΣԪĵҷˡЩźǷ⡣
ⶫԪĵνʵϲǰڵӣô㿪ģҲƿΪ֪նݵ⣬ʼջھ֮ģֻЦŰһۡǱһ۵㣬£һᱣģˤҲġ
תͷһֻѾСķź
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лɶ㣬ӦġԼظ

̣
ܵԪĵߡ
ǽ˵Сӣǲǿˡ
󲮣
̧ͷһϲغ
ԪգԪǰݼڣֱﵱԼŮһҲǳϲԪա

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Ŵ۾һԪգȻ㣬ǵԪô
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ۺգһתͷѽǸ˵ϾǽĴܹԿԵԪˡ
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򼤶ѵԪ󲮷ģҲˤŵġ˷ܵĳź֡
⶯տ
Ԫź򣬱źȥںôкֻ˵Сӿ
⻰ˡ
տЦֱҡͷԪĵ֣ȥ
ڿȥˣ
ԪĵֻһЦͻȻᡰһмҵø㡣
ʲô£סΪ
ԪĵΪʲô
յΪֻ㣬Ҫ£Ҳ
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Ԫĵˣ˵Щ
Цڲϰߣûйϵģһ˵ϸʮģһϰߵġ
Ԫĵͷһů¶˵΢ЦɺԼļǶʯСǱȥ
ûв´ĻһУһֱڴԪҵûиһɽˮ
ԪĵձߵļƷ˿󣬡ҶЩȤ
ⶼҰ
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Ԫĵôˣ
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ԪĵݸһЦ
ԪһգԪǴЩѾ͵ɽ
ԪĵԽϵʳҶ
ЦԪûгҪĻ
ԪԣͻȻüԪǵɫҲԵʲô졣
պѵʲôѵĵط
ԪȻռЩ죬ûܵ͢κΰǱװԼһԱԼҲԼռء
յҲ˵Ҫ
Ԫͷ
Ԫĵڵõݵ֮Ѿӵԭϣֻǹڿɲ׼ԪܱԪܽȫ˵ȥҴȴ˵Ӧý˷ֿڿơҴ罨Ƚȥ̨壩ｨרȻȥϡ
벻˻Ȿ£յͷԪ˵úܶԣӦô
Ԫ̾ˣϷǸеЩѽҪǱ͢ˣԪҿܾͻˣֻΪ׬Ǯɾ뷨˵ţֿ˿գǳ͢ĻǾͿԷſֽˡ
Ц͢ʶڹҵĺô֧͢ǵģҪʵȥ֤
Ԫͷֵˣĵн¸㣿
մ㵵ĿԪĵʲô£
ԪĵŰ۵ҷ˵ģû˵
ŶԶԶԣ
ͷֺô
Ԫĵҡҡͷ;ɽʱɽһɴȫˮƶ΢һ£ǵÿĲ߿ԴﵽԪҷɴʮ౶


1843 µľ
ʮ౶
ԲһԪҵ֪ģһʮ౶ǸԵı仯Ĺģж󣿡
Ԫĵͷ˵ǵһ룬ȻضڻָڣֻҪһڷԣⲻǳ̬ȵٰ͢䲼͹ʱǵĳɱҲԶԶǣңǻ֯ĲƥΨһֵҵǣҪΪ˿֮ʱδܹ֯޻ëʱûзֹ޻ë豸һǳɹԪҵͻᵹա
յ֪֪˭ģ
Ԫĵֻ֪ǵصһֵܿģвܴܵвģǵ˶ƺΪֵܡ
֣
üôһӡûС
ԪĵҲͷˣ˵ǱɽũΪʲôῪ֯ҵʱڼŸ·ûйȥ
üôǺ϶ǡ
ԪͷֵҲԪͷ۵ĵطֵֻܣԪҾͿֱǺ滹˵Ļǿɲ׽ԪҵġܹǼҵķ֯ǸĿǰĵ֮
΢һȴר䲼
ר

յרԹȡɷıˮԣ뼼ܣǷǳѵģ㹻ĴĻӦûר
ԪĵλԸ⽫ǣĻǵǵĶ֡
ЦؼֻģǣҲûʲô壬ԪҿԹǵļ֯档
Ԫͷ⵹һ⡣
ԪĵԪҵĹõĹֻҪԸ⽫ǣӦÿԺܿĸ
Ԫͷ

ó֮Ԫĵ뺫ȥ˿ͺֻǸԪǳȥò˵ҲǣصԼСԺȥˡ
ʲô
ռԪĵüʵ
ǿѽ
Ԫĵҡҡͷũڶ̶ʱڣΣԪҵ⡪ǰ޷ġ
ʼձžӰ˼Σ˼롣
Ц˵ˣⷸŰɣ֯ҵԪҶԣҲǾţһëԣϽƻƻԭϣˮܹԭģԪҶԿǺѽ
Ԫĵ̫죬ԪҲпܽᱻ̭ɼľԶԶʤǰҲԤʾԪҲܷŶȥɽô
Ӧýջȥһˡ
ܸһȥô
ܣ
ձ
Ԫĵһ㶣ΪΣ
յǷôûм棬һ棬̸Щ£̫ˡ
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У󰡣£ֵһᡣ˫һ̯
ԪĵһЦðɣӦһȥұ㲻ˡ
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ճڣձǷ򸾻ʵ˰
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ոϽһѽסпҪһ£ǲװ
Ԫĵ΢΢һۣͻȻ
찡ˣ
նʱп
úúã˵˵
Ԫĵεϼ


ʵûˮҲȥһɽΪһó׶ڳĸտżƶãҵҲЩ˳ŵڼĻһס۳ȥ
׼ȥɽ
磡
ոոճøţͼܵܺСҰϣЦĿ
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ܵҡͷνݵСּŰ׬˺ܶܶǮڵǮĶˡ
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ܵĪѵһͨһίŶҡұҲȥݵġ
㻹粻˵һֳۣСҰСҰģˣô
СҰô￪ܵܺȻ㤵Ĵе
޿سڣԪұҡ

ɽ
ǵòǰ̸ɽɫ䣬Ǿյ˸֮󣬶ѾΪһ羰ߣţأׯǸʽĲֿ⣬һƬƽ
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һʮ꣬Ź۵ˣվͷϣշеһ
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վĿȥֻ
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ͷǹ¿ĸģ¿ȴܼ֮ŵ㣬ҷ˻¿ɶҪǿҳɱͣɽҪ¿Ҿｨһһ߰˻һӡ
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ܵܺٺٵ磬ʱܷһƥҿɶδӵġ
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ܵһתҲһЩСּ³̳ӲˣݵزóԵĺܡ
ð
նȻ˽⣬Ҳû뵽ЦŵͷڿɲҪָˣ
ȻȫڻָУһָó̾ͻʢȻȫˮ·ӽҪǿ϶е׬ģܹ׬Ǯġ
ⶼ㲻ʲôɽĪǲֵܵˮ֯
ЦŵͷҴǰҲȥѾҾòˡΨһָģǼŬһ׬ģˮǸϲġ
ԣʱϲѡ
˿ĿǰҲУֻʮֻӣϻûдﵽģֳĵزѾ˺æȫǺˣʱ壬Դ˲ŽϣЩҲһḻ񣬽˶ѣɶѣ̳Ϊ˲ţݵλ̶òһ
ȥֵܵ
ǲֵܵˮ֯ͽںӱϣɽĵطڰ֮ϣֱǾѵĵطΪҪˮܻΪܣ¶ȣˮܲűȽϴ󣬲ܹתΪܣҽڸߴܴĺ֣ҲͲ
С磬ֵ֪ãڵأǵأҲûмĶأúܣһǼҿǷˣ⼸Ķأ¼ǧĶǻˡ
һĽ˵
Цŵͷûȥ濴ô
ҵȥ˼Ҳð
ֿ
ǽȥһأҲЩʲôŵ
˵˵ţ洫¡¡ĵһ㹤˼ϤӰ߳
ԭ΢΢һüͷ


1844 
壿
Ԫĵüһ塣
ҡҡͷţǸˡ
ԪĵĿȥ˭ûм
յǴƽǰļūרŰ޼Ҵ
ɴ
ԪĵͻȻ
ղ֪
ԪĵԪ޼ڼչ˲֣ԼǸСӡ˵ţĿСֹĵĺ
ЦڶĲѽ˵ǣǶӮˣ
Ԫĵ˵Ϊֵܱ˾Ǵ޼ң
յͷȻǾͲдˡ
С磡Ҳ˺ǡ
Ǽæ˹еһ񣬡С˼
ˣ˾ͱŪô֣ҺСǡ
ֵܵ壡
ϲС֣СҰʲôʱģ
ܵܵǰЩʱǸĵһġ
Ԫĵһ㶣Źֵż
˵꣬Ԫĵö񡣡
ǣľګͷǰҲԪĵ򽻵ԪĵתЩ֪롣
Ц壬̸İɡ
Цŵͷֺ֪ǡ
պǺǵһǳ˲ǹ
˵ţĿһɨ֪˭ǲֵܣ
С˲ܴģ
Ԫĵˣʮֵ꣬ܶ˶һű׼Ьòƽƽ¶̸ϣһ˴ţ˾֮⣬ʲôرġ
յòȡˣΪǧݣЦʵǶ˽ģ
ǵġ
ܴͷ͵͵˺գɵЦš
պЦʲô
ûʲôûʲôܴСֻǡֻ̫ˡ
ʵô
ܴæֵܶһֱǳĽû뵽տԼˣСǡǡ
˵棬֪ݡ
Ҳһĵͷ
ҲҲһͨ˰ˣŶδ֮ǰһҲһ̡
Ϊˣǲŷǳ̵
Цҡҡͷʵǲҽȥ
Ŷ
ҲϽÿ
նǳԪĵʾ⡣
Ԫĵ΢΢һۣʱ̽ǻһŮ
ף
ȥɴʱɴļЦ۹⻹ǲѽ
ɴæȭˡ
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ָָȻȥ
ڣͷ뵽С֡СҰʱЩ𺳣ǰһȫıǶӡӦòֻһţȴǲ࣬һ̨϶ûվˣֻǻԼš
ѾںĳΡ
źǣֵܻĵ׶һľӣֻ淢ȴĹ졣
ߵһ̨ǰ棬һոմӻжɴϸ˿ֵݸһԵԪĵʵ壬ⷽмңҿɴҪһɴ
ŵ֪ɴãˮ޹أɴҲǾĽģʴ˺һɴ

յͷֵܵһ̨ɴÿԷĶɴ
ܴæһ
ŵ۷ɴʮ౶
Цŵͷֵʵзģ
ܴ̽Եɸ֪˺ա
ԭܴ汲ɽ游һ޽˺ӣƳ֮оƣǼҷ˲أ游Ǳͻصأ⹤ջǴǱΪ˹ȴũｨһˮ
ȥֵ֮ͿʼΪάˮ
ҵֵܲ״ΪؾֳҲô࣬պ˸ƣɽһ¾ͳҵϢӸȾֵҲֵܾũ֮ʱһЩСߣʲôľ֮ģصˣ׬һЩǮǵҰҲԽԽ
ǽʾ֭ô׬ǮʼǴģǾһЩľߣʼֹԵǿżҵĴԲƴֵżңҲΪǾ룬Լ޷ǾˣûǮˣõĹһˮֻˣǾޣͻȻ뵽ˮȻܹ˹ũҲԴ˹ľߣĻôͲҪˣͲżҵĴ
ǾͿʼоˮʼоķˮľߣǳѣŪ˼£һͷûУֱһգܴʽķɴ뵽ľ߿ܲ㣬ǷɴҲУΪɴתˮҲתͨĵط
һооˮɴպ˾ΣֵܶˣΪˮɴеĻȥнǮʱ˵ˮɴ㷢ɴҲ裬Ϊûپ١
ֵܾ֮ʱպչɴɴ֪֮󣬾̴ӦͶֵܵķɴǱȽһЩȵΣȥ˵ֲֵϵĸĽˮɴΪгʽ֧֣ûʲô֮ǣǿǱоǵӰ£Ľɴ˵ˮɴҲķɴҪȽöࡣ
ȵջ֮һȶǾͿʼˮɴ
գǸ֮ǩһʴ󵥣˵һɳ찡
ЦŵͷͻȻʵͼֽ©
ֵܶʱһ㶣Ŀۺա
ɴͻȻרʱ䲼
ԪĵԾȵĿɴ̾ͷӦоҪ󳼣뵽һ㣬ϡ档
ЦӦÿˣҲ¸£ôȤ𣿡
ɴһǺʵĻϣܹר
ЦŵͷҲǳӭǵĵּҪ
̵ҵӽأ
ЦܹӽһּҿԴģֳǵȻǿԵġ
ЩǼѡ
˼ǳ򵥣͢ɷʽȥ˵¢ϣǾѽ
ǰһȥ濴ɣ
ɴֵңȥ
ͻȻȻȽǹģʽˣ̫
ܴѵܹ㲦С˼䣬С˸м
żѽʸõյĵ㲦ֻðˡ
Ҫҷ֮£ǻøãܹ͢ã
յͷֽһЩĹǡ
Щԭô棬ʵѾǹֵȻ𹤳ҲͷؽӴҲ֪ôҪԼȥģǺյĵһбøӼ򵥡١
ˮȻҲİˮƳǾȻģˡ
Ҫ֪йˮ壬ΪãСе߾һ̩ʿӣˮǳƽƺӡܱѽˮǷ֯йŷ޺üͣչγѾˮҲΪγҵγҵʴˮչǳ죬Ƶǣ֮ʱˮͷ·ʧһ㣬ûн˲ԣҪйˮͷ֯ķչԼۣƳˮ֯ʵҲ֡
ΪڣΨһͬǣƳںմ£ֹǼͥγûеģûֹͲܽΪγЩˮǼͥʽСӪң˼뿪Ĵ̣ǶԸȥͶʣûɴʽͶ룬ֵҲоôһ׻һ豸ԶûôãҪǮѽ

Ȼ˳£Ҳû˵ֳļǺݺݿ佱˲ֵһǵ־ǻΪȱģһ֪ʶһԵšɴҲǳ
Ӳֵ֮󣬺źӱţָŶ԰Щ˭ģ
Щضڳ͢ģ
յͷš
ٺٵС磬͢ô
΢΢һЦǿأġ
ڨڨһЦ
ҶɵǰɽǾǹŹأɶˣǺῴɷ壬ɽļˮչһϼѵأͿôá
һˮЩǮأ˵ۡʴ˺մ㽫طݣҪطΪδǰˮõĶ
ںӱһԪĵϵֿǱʻȥšǱҲƤĸ˹ȥǲŹκһദĻᣬָо¡ԪĵѩҪǿһЩǺȥĵطСֶûнϡ
ô
Ԫĵϣһֱǳü
Ц˺أ
ԪĵˮɴܹԪҵơ
յͷһģԪƣʽ㿴޼ңǶʲôǴ޼ǮѾơң޼Ԫһӵиⷽ˲ţΪԪӼԪҲܹ¼㲻ܣҲԻǮȥͱˡ
ԪĵбĿһƳЦҿɱȲ㣬ҽܹ׬Ǯ
չһЦһֽԪĵ˹ֵҪȥ£Ҳ϶ɴ˿ɼǾѽ

գĵˣ
µͼһ˹
Ԫ֣
ԪĵЦԪ壬ˣ
Ԫһ֮⣬Ԫ˭డ
ȫͬ
̵
Ԫĵһۡ
պǺһЦֵԪǸǴʲô
ԪֵҪǾƺʳԼ޻롣
һӱϵһֿڣֿרžƵģںӱ߾Ϊ˱ϴ̳װģ½뿪
ԪȲһƣǾһζ˱ǡ
ɽӡ
̵
ʲôɽӣ
Ԫ£֪ʲôӣԪҲ֪ӽɶľƿǺúѽ
ֻЦЦּǾҺֽɫ͸ͷĿɻǲȥϴЩ˷ˡ
Ԫ㳵Ҳ˵ԪǣֱǺ֣˵ֺþƣһľҪộѽ
ЦЦһЦһ
һڱˣǿɲȾƵġԪĵ
˵ǣǾͺһڰɡ
˾ٱһȻһСڡֻ΢УڸнྻšζԲ˲һ˿õĸо

ͷСһڣζƬ̣ʳȱгǱǾ޴ģҪǲܵġ
ԪĵЦʵǳɱĻôԶͻŲѽ
ҡҡͷɱĹϵǲΪԻ׻ȡ裬ϳɱĻǿɾǴ׬׬


1845 ʱ
Ӿƿ֮󣬺ͻȻʵˣ˵ͭǮ˵
ԪæѾʮ
Щ£Я˴ͭǮµģЩȻˣǴǽƱͭǮ
иովһҷ粨òǮʴ˵ԪнͭǮ˵
ôһ㰡΢΢ü
Ԫ̾գԪĿǰҲѽǲ֪ݡҵչ̫죬ͭǮǳԪҲóȻͭǮ˵
Ԫĵһ̾һΣףҵԽĵͭǮԽǰǴƵҵ͢еͭǮãЩҵչͭǮѾã͢ûͭǮ
ԪֵͷҲó͢ӦͭǮ
ЦŵͷǵȻģֻԼڻָڣĿǰûеͭǮʱڼ䣬͢Դ˻ؿǵġ£˵˵ˣǧ˵ȥǮҶҵԣһǳеߣǰ͸¶̫ѶϢܻ𲻱Ҫɧ
ԪĵԪͬʱ˵ͷ


˵뿪֮Ǽ꣬ƳһʱʵҲȫʵΪʱ˶չĺܺãôͲȥѰıģֻеΣʱŻ뵽䣬ֻ˳ŵʱǸƷչȥܹչķǳá
ǣ¡
ΪǰһΣֱӴðťٵΣʱǲŻȥı䣬ȥ£ԼΣʱ棬ʱ˿̣Ƴӭľʱ
ҽףЧʲǽľơ
ҲɼһΣڵµ˺ȻǾ޴ģǶδȴ˹ؼã˵òʱĽ٣һǳѪȺͰģǲɸıģֻ˵յĵܹһЩҪ˺

ھܵı߽紦һƬﳤӲݡ
磬Ƭ̵Ƨ֮ӭ˼λˡ
ӣƬش˵س֮£һƬڱϺĸɿݣؽûķϣʱڣѾֵأظ
ֲݣ
һεĹӸվڸߵϣƬݵأ˵
˼ګ˼Сӣɳǡ
Ҽ嶼СһĳǾɳǳҴ
ֲݣ
ߵĹܼҾȵĿɳǣǷֲݣֲ׬ʲôǮ
ܣ
ɳǵΪý˵ġ
ý򣿡
ǹܼһ㶣漴ȵС硣
ɳбĿһɣҶýʲôʸкС硣
С˸С˸ǹ̷ܼӦ
ɳǵ⻹ҪҪĻĵأҵɲܱļҺͺҲ
ǣС֪ˣС֪ˡ


ˮĳ֣ҲѺգʱð䲼רˣ
ΪѾһʱڣȻڼʲôԭǾͻúܡ
һͬģҵıǱһۻ֧ţڵĻʷУֻмûۣûôһϵͳĶЩ汲ģȫƾŸ˵ľ飬һһۻԵǿʼӼķչʱȫûȥԤƻʲô¶ð֪ʲô
ֵܾǴˮɴȫ汲ľ飬Ҫһֱ취ˮũҲܻ뵽ˮɴڷɴںյķɴϣģйŴɫʵҲ˵ۣΪʽǺ㶨ģ޷ҲǷٷһǧ飬һģʵǹʽֻһʽ
һϲʱ
רİ䲼ϲʱһ
Ҳ֪ƳŶٺڿƼ
ɽ֮󣬺ʡٿҪ飬ҽˮɴЩҪ󳼡
ʵС֣Ѿ֪ˣֻǻԭĹ˼άи˷һĶҲ
ʮ౶
ʽ΢΢üɫص֪λɻǵãΪʲôݰջfջ̴ЩտҲɵôû˿棬ڱǿɲôġ
Ѿ֪˴˵ʲô
ҪΪ˵ķɴѾ˺յơ
ˡʽܵҪԣɽˮɴʮ౶ǰոû֮⡣
֣еͷ⵹һ⣬ˮɴҪҲ٣Ҳ޷Ϊṩµƣµóͻ
֪Ҳ͢ӦȡѵϸǣäĿΪ˸еˡ
պߵǵ˼äĿĸ˿
¹ٲǴ⡣
ȷʵǳģǳܰ

֪Ź¹پ޴⣬ȷʵһ⣬ѰռǶиŮ֯ҲڹũɣŮ˫ַɴȲˮɴ˺ǧİա
û鷳㶯ӺòãɴԷĳɴܹ˿𣿲ˮɴȷǽɴЧ࣬ͬʱҲܹ㹻˿ڳԭϹӦϵôǾҪȥﹺ򣬶չǮȻ˿ļ۸񣬵һ˿ļ۸ϡΪѽ
ֱӽϼ˾ˣͬʱճʱǿȥܶ£кܶطҪյĲƸõӵġ⣬Ҿڵ̫һ㣬ǴҪľּϵĸ£ΨˣǵĹܵõһǲҪǣǴǵعϡǲģôܳ˵ֻҪŬܹҵһڷԵġ
еͷҾ֮Ǻ£ɴȻ˶ģܹˮڸҵñұ⽫Īİ
˵úãôһյͷ
ʽ˼⵹ǵģҪܹұͶ죬Ȼٺòˣǣô
յһǰ˵һˮɴҲòܡ
ʽһЦ
еһ⣬ǱҪؿǡ
ʵʲô⣿
ˮɴҪˮũҲҪˮһˮɴռũ̿϶ȥˮġ
üͷһ壬⵹һ⣬Դкο
еũҵҹ֮ʳҲĸҾûҪũΪȣӦҪ䲼Ƚϸɷȥһ㣬ǰǲӰũĹȡ
ʽǷ׷׵ͷ
ճΣðɣȻǶˣǾôɡ˵ţֿӡ
ӵͷ֪ˡ
յϣǵĹҸǿôǾҪַ죬רܹܺõĹǵȥ죬ǿ¸ġǲҪǣֵԭҲѰգһԾΪɽĸ̣ٱǰҪƽࡣ
˵ţֳ飬רֵ
ѾȫˣǰҪԹٸԱΪΪȣ֮
ǰ˼ǧԱ˰֡רְֵλöյȻѡԼҪ˲ţרֵĹԱҪһ㼼֪ӼΪɼƣ˿ûʤΣԹٸĹԱΪңսΪҪ׼˴򽻵ҪģôƷȻȿǵģӦƸԭͬţƷΣһʾ֪ˣЩҪʡ
ֿӡ
ӵרѾݵҪ޶Ĳ࣬ٹһЩӣɡ޶ĹУͻȻ뵽һ⣬רĿҪ죬֮ˣӦñˣ͵˼ҵļ룬ǿô죿
յ취ֻһ͵֮ǰר

һ
ǴƷԱ룬Ǿȥÿصһߡ˫һֵ̯ҲᾡֹҲŻݡݡݼר֣ԼǻѰαϱ˻ߴΪرʡҲֻôҪ±סطͱ룬ˣԼϣȻһЩر͢ǻġ
ʲô
ʵ
ںĲǹɷôȽһж滮ãѭʲôҪȷĴ𰸡
յ˵˼ΥֶΣطרг֤֤һ㣬ǳ͢ýרˣ㲻Сй¶ȥֻܹԼù
ӵͷˡ
յϽӽȥȻøҿһЩ޲
ӵͷҵķ治Ǻܶ
ս޶ר޸֮󣬱ȥΣרѾãȥû˼ˡ
½ǷʱûӼ㡣
û뵽ǣ´ҴҸȴһŸεľˣ
ǵĲһԲѪܲûεģʱʱôһ£Ƿǳᡣ
һ㶣µΣ
ŵʤ̾ëˣҪһЩʱգѾ˵ˣר֮£ȫȨˡ
Ļοû˵ȫգרҲǺܶΪһߣӡ˰ǹҸߣǸͱԵͷûͷǾͲܰ䲼
յͷǶټ࣬һչ˺ñ£ҿǷǳҪѽ
ģһչ˺ñµġ
š
չ֣Ҿȸˡ
ߡ
ճûʹǺȻ¶һĨ΢Цˡ
ߺ󲻾ã˻ʵ۵޹
С˲μʺ󡣡
񣡡
һеű岻ʣǹ
ŵʤʺ󣬱¸ող˯ˡ
һҾ͵Ȼɡ
ŵʤ£ڨڨʺҽԸˣڼҪ²̫㡣
˵⻰ʱƤӶһЩ£ɷˣӦϣûɽӸ֮⣬ôֻһԭ򣬾βԸ⻰˵ֻѽ
ĬƬ̣Ǻðɣһչ˺ñ£Ǳκʧʡ
ŵʤظѽæǣСһչ˺ñµġ
ͷҾȻȥˡ
ʺߡ
ȵ뿪֮ŵʤĨĨͷϵĺ飬Ҫ˵üͷһ壬ʺӺǱˡ
ǰǵĸоǷǳǿƣζ£οǣҪǰֱ߽ȥˣ˭͵࣬ƢҲࡣ
ǱߺҲûиοҲһרһȫΪ̽׼޶ķڴΪУ㲻УҲڹҲɷǳ˺Ǿûν
ȵһжﱸ׵ʱվʽ䲼ר
Ȼ˶֪ʵһиԵķ


1846 ר
ݹʷһֱĲʲô죬ԽԽӣ峯ϾͲҪʲô죬ΨһıʩǾϽֽ֯ȥ⻹Ϊóס
Ҫ˵͢ʲôʱǷ죬ī֮󣬾ҲûйˣΪڹ˵УûгϢ˲Ÿ£гϢǶӦȥʥ飬ʲôߣãǾʹҶã˭ģû˻ȥģǰǰèΪ϶µ˸ɵá
רҪһͳר죬Լȥ졣
֮ǰվѾųȥΪר
ЩŰʿѾˣΪѧƿƸƵʱ߾۹ʱûգ͸ö˵ˣǿ
ǶԴ൱ڴѽ
Ϊݺ͸¶ϢרΪ̽䲼ġ
ǵȵר䲼֮󣬴ҶʱͶɵˣ
ԶԶûдеô򵥡
Ҳ룬ֻô򵥵ĻҪôôӺר񣬶Ѿʮ֮ˡ
ררֵķǳϸ¡
һЩ°յģñЩũߣȹߣµõ֣ûڶʱռȫĻô͢Ȼϵ֧֣ʣ˰֤ܹ׬ǮͬʱҲܹ۵µ֡ⶼвͨĻ͢ŻǮЩȻȥռȫ츣ա
֮ͬҲŲ֮ͬǽһЩڰյļǿй鳯͢УȻռȫ
ǺյɲˣЩ츣°գҰնõõļҪռֻǳ͢жǸǮϼǸȥ֧֣һ㣬רȷ涨֧Ϊȣǳ͢ȥҽĳЩϵķҲѾгҪľʽ͢˭ѹ֮ѽ
רǷǳߵģȻֻг͢һңҪܹµ͢Ҳһ㷢ơ
֮⣬ǱҪר˰ר˰ҲǷ˵ȼġ
һЩԵļͻƣ棬ñ˵ˮɴרĻ͢Ӳȡһɵר˰
ʵҲӡ˰Ϊֻͨӡ˰Ƿǳ͵ģܴﵽһôࡣ
һЩƷרҪƷרĻ͢Ҫȡɵ˰ա
רֿΪ׼ֻг϶ռеļܹרĻûʸ񣬺ñ˵Ҽܶ˶֪ҪĻҵĲùš
¢޿Դﵽʮ꣬ҲǸҩƷרЩڰգǰձҪõģ¢޾ͱȽ϶̣ΪǱ¢ʮ꣬ǲܵģꡣ
⣬רм۸Ƶģһ¢ϣǼۣ¢ϱһҵģ㻹Ǽۣ̫̰ˣҲھ÷չϵĻҡ
ˣרΪַµļ˵µòƷµרôڴӶԷר棬ֵɡñ˵Ԫòֵܵķȫµˮ֯ôˮ֯ר棬һЧ棬ֵܶԴзֵɣΪꡣ
Ҳ˵ֻҪרҶȥõĻڴ˻ϣµרų԰ɣҪȥˡ
ʵҲǺܹƽģֻҪͣǮͻ׬ѽ
վҪ޶ȥ̼ȥ죬ΪƵ۹µһ涼ˣɶҰᣬƵ۹ûȥ˵ģʲôԼŪǵˣ˶͵ֻܿԼһһӡȥߡ
Ϊ⼼йרУĹ涨ԭԭ֮ĵԼҵĹżԭרֻҪǮãˣרѣԭʿûɶ𡣵κԭʿ׼й¶ԭ֮ĵɾʱרӰ죬ϾߵƶҲ̫һչļ͢ǻ취ƹ㵽ȥ˵һˣǲֵܷ̫ˡ
ǵˣרǲὫطڵģֻṫרĲƷԼôиǳ˽⡣Ҫȸרӵߣ̸֮󣬲ʸ񿴵طһҪԲƲߵҪǷֹйΪԭĻ͢ԿƣûרͲЩެ¹Ȼ룬յĵȹҺ͵ԭǿƲ˵ģϾܱ߶Ƿιң˵Ƶطǲܹڵġ
һй¶ȥǿɴСģ͢ὫרΪȼ߼ĻҪ룬֤㹻Щط漰طʿҪǷǳǳϸ񣬲Ƿǳġ
͵ĻͷԶԾͱȽᡣ
ּǺ´רĻԣɲʲôһͬʣҪǹרĴʵ̫ˣ˵̷ǳ˼Ҳ룬Ӱ쵽սԺó׵ļǾйģȻרԭһֱţйųնпܣֽšҲǵģΪЩܹΪҴƸġ
ǣֻӻȫס绹ǻй¶ȥģֻҪϣȵƵ۹һ磬Ǿνˡ
˵֪֮󣬵ɵˣԭרôѽʲôʱ˵ˣҲ̫ר˰ǿǿװף˵˵ȥ͢ҪŷǮ
רָһţ˾ӿ˽ȥǶרģʸ׵ģǶȽϿӵ
Ѿڴ˹ǵĴݡ
С磬רôôǮ
һôߣ˭밡
ǻһֱڴ͢䲼רǿɲ롣

һԣһձʾֲô帮ʲô
ʼձ΢Цȵ˵ÿڸˣŵǿԲѽûʲôϵ͢û˵涨һҪ밡
ͬʱգǲ룬Ūרⲻǳ˷Ǯô
ǮڨڨЦǲ̫׺С˼
רѾ˵÷ǳˣ׵Ŀȥ࿴顣
շ°ֵۣ˵ǲֻŶǲһ棬˶һ档רô͢ͻᱣǵķ죬Ͻκǵļȥӯ͵ǵļֻҪлӯ͢طʱǵ󽫻ɱӣǶǷǳһ档
ǣ͢Щ£ѵͲҪķǮôҪ֪רǸԭⶼҪȥ飬ȥ飬ȥάǵȨ棬ҪǮȡר˰ǷԼĶԼ۾ǲǮ͢ҲûάǵȨ档
ҷǴǵרУȡһɵɵ˰գǸôѵ㲻ô׬Ǯ͢ŷôһЩȥЩǮǰûõģȫרҳ͢ȡר˰ҲάǵȨ档͢ûȥάרŪר
˼ǣҲԲר
Ȼԣ
ЦרҪΪ˱չһЩļ֮⣬ĶԸġ¥ˮֽšī֭ҾͲר
⼫ļô
治˵ôѽñ˵ҼⲢǶռг͢ЩֻΪˣƷ
ͻȻҵĽأӦӦרأ
ЦÿԼ㵱Ȼר͢ͻɷ֤˼֪طҲӯǽطͬã˼طзģǾͲ㣬ÿһ㣬ûа취סطйͬʱҲü㣬רΪҪԼȥǵġ
ǲֵܵˮɴأӦýɶר˰
Ӧֻһɣ
Ϊʲô
Ц˼ǷͻԵģǸʾļǰֻˮȣҲĥ棬ˮɴҴܾ֮ͻˮ֯£ұȵȡּͻƣӰǾ޴ģ͢Ȼøǰң͢Ͻǽй¶ȥΪڸ߼ļɲͨļ
֯£ұ
һЩһǿɶδ뵽һ㣬֮ˮɴרһǵļרǾе׬
ǿ⼼ȥɴô
ȻҲԣøֵȥרӵߵȨ͢ûȨ͢Ȩάרһ
˵ܲ٣ܲٵһСڣɽֵɴ
ǽɡ
һɴֵܱ棬еһ
ŵ˶ĽĿòĲֵܡ
ҵˣ
ЦŵͷֽרԸǽһ顣
ֵûôԥʹӦɴǴеˣҪ󳼣ר֪ˣǿǵķǳ
ܼ򵥣ɷֻ׼ֵʹˮɴһ˰ƨѽң˼ҹǵļз豸һʸӷã̫ˣʵˮɴҪȫǷǳѵġ
ר˵ףǳ͢¢ϣ˽Ѹ͢Ͼǹ̹ᣬֻ˵ǹûʣɷʽĹ涨⣬ڰҲһ°գ͢ͻȥա
յû԰רֵĹԱ𣬱ϾҲר֣ҲÿЩԱǷܹʤΡ
źǣһʷԵרûڽɣΪרҲԼ³̣Ǻ˵㣬֮󣬻ȥӲ졣
޺ר˰˫ѾĲˣ¢Ϊʮ꣬ȡһɵר˰
ֵܶԴǷǳ⡣
λܴ磬
ֵܸոĴרֳ뼸˱סǡ
Ѿأ
ЦǺǵ
ܴרֻרȥӲ졣
Ǿǲˣ
ֺٺһЦСλܴ֪ɷ񣿡
ܴһ㶣ֿһҲ찡
ֵܴ磬治Сռǵıˣ뿴ѽר֮󣬲ܹ׬ǮȵýһҼҵȥǶôѽרɻ޵ģǳǮǿȥȫؽˮ
ļҲǷ׷׵ͷ
ܴ΢һֿɴ
ɴЦҲȤǻЩ£ȵרɹ̸֮
С
ʱ򣬺ɣľ˹
ּæɣľ硣
ɣľЦԭĹӰ
ֵҺСô
ɣľҡͷЦǣרġ
ɶ
̴˹ȥɶר
ɣľŶһǷ¥һһȫµĺҾר
¥õķ
ǶʱзŹ⡣


1847 ש
רΪյ˵һڣǴǱʶΪϷ϶ں棬רȻһ䶯ûõʵרӰ죬ҪԶԶʤӡ˰ӡ˰˵Ҳ˰ǰ˰Ҳûʵĸı䡣
רõõᷢԵĸı䣬ʴˣúѡҲһѡר
ļǷǳɢģñ˵̥ļ̵ļʲô˿ļΪ飬ûܹ뵽ЩںһȥҲûΪ˭Ҳ˭˭˭ʲô
רɽܶ༼ںһһķչͻͻǡ
ңרЧӦͼӰ
Ԫҡ֮ͷǳеϣܹˮɴļרΪзǳӲļȻˮɴҾͿ϶ֻܹ֯ҪеĹСżҵĴϣֵܺЩ豸ǲϣԸֵܺȥؽˮ¢Ҳô꣬Ҫ⼸ʱ䣬׬ø࣬ҪʽȥؽˮǮǺβֱ¢ҵ
ԤϵǣרܹʹʽںϣŻᵮʱ壬ΪʱضҪ۵Ľ׶ΣҪҪһȥԭʼۣǷǳḶ́Һ۵ٶȻࡣ

¥
˼飡̫˼ˣ
ʲô˼飿
ѵֵ֪ܷˮɴô
ҵȻ֪ǻûô
Ų˼鰡Ȼרδ˵Ҫר͵ûٹǮ֮࣬ңҪڷɴȾ͵õϵֵ
ô
û򣿺ߣ֪˶ǮȥҲֵܺҪ֪ǰֵܿɾ۵̣ƾרһӾͳΪ˴̡
רôܵҵſȥأרֿɾ͹ܲˡ
ɱǣ͢䲼Ŀרɷѽ
ߣ¼Υ˻ô
˵ڻ˵רܷЧִȥǸרץţǿҪ⳥ǳǮͿû˸ҳһ¡
ҿʱû˸ңǺС磬רҲŪģҪûаգôŪô

żҴ
ϸ磬רǹԣһöѽǹҪɶҶȥãҲͦģ㿴˼ҲֵܣŪһˮɴ˵һɹˮɴΪֵܴ֮ҪҲŪⱲӻʲô
ϹˣҪŪǿڶģǵģרĹ涨ֻҪԴȥ죬Ǿڶġ
˭˵ģ
ССˡ
ŴͷǷˮɴĶֳ֮ɣңһһʷ͡
ô
ȻġѾȥдԼǶԼãūͶһ

ֵܵĳɹҿɶĿõģľû뵽ԭרô󣬱˵ٴҶֵ֪ܷɴҪﵽֹЧǵûǮѽ˶ĽˣҸô˼һ˭˵ȥ
ŴĽѽе£ȫǾḻĹûûһרҲɵ֮²·רģ붼ڶ⵱Ȼάǵ棬Ļ˼ҿɾûдĶ˷ǳ㣬ҪʲôרûУǾʲôǮûУҪǷһרȻֳɣǮ֡
Ŵ󣬴󲿷˶ܵ˴̼ڵգصΧרƶֽƶȣȥ죬ԸɷݣҪⱾ£ˮɴôĶǶԺǺ˵еļɡ
ɼרֵֵܼҲרõ˴˵Ĺע
Ϊǰ̫ӷ죬ǻ÷Ƿǳ׵£ٱҡЩѧҪ׵Ķ࣬Ǵ˲Ÿɵ£˶ȥҾ䣬ô˵һԱʲôߣԸԼŪģΪܶˡ
Ȼһʹ֮㵱һӵĹԱҲһ׬ôǮҶǮ̫׬ˣ漼ɶܹ׬ǮǶʥҲӦа
浽ʱֲˣ
Ҫô׵Ļȥˣǻ϶µ֮С
ȻҲͬʱˮרǷԶȲϲֵܣҪֵ֪ܵˮɴѾЩʱ򣬶ˮ棬Ҷһӡһ֪ô£ˮǸʲô⣬ǻû֪Ҳ˶ڷ¥ĺרǳȤȻǶԴ˻һ֪ƾ衰¥֣Ѿǳˡ
ʵˮһֱںյļƻ֮УҪл벻ˮ࣬Ϊʲôԭ򣬵һԭר
ˮǺմ͸רһݴҲǺΨһ׳ط
ˮơֽšī֭طնרˮǰյıƷȫΪ׬ǮԼһױļƵĻиɫûҪֽźīֱ֭Ӱ쵽ĽҵӲܹġ
ˮĻǿ෽棬ҪˮٷչǾͱȥרһЩרˮܿռ
ڼ䣬նѾˮ೧ˣΪеӵдʯʯԭȫֳɵģ˵ЩʿҲҪʯʯöʯʯ⣬רʱ򣬾ʽºΪˮࡱ
ҲûټӣĹУѾˮڱĽ裬ѵҲȽ٣վʹ㷵һ£ȫʹˮࡣ

⡭Ƿ¥ȥרˮࣿ
ˮ࿴ȥģ͸ϡһ·
ϹģǺСŪģһˡ
ɲǺСŪãǷ¥ŶУһнˮĹģǽˮѾסʷȥˡ
סڳʷ
ɲôȫǴ̡
˿ˣǶ˿ɶûйǮˡ
Ҳǣǰ˵ġͯ͡԰ΡҲ˺üǧô΢еǮģﶼаͯҰȨɱרöˣܹȥ
Ҳдó

ձŸոտʼˮ·վͽµʵʵǻͷؼ·ķʽ÷ǳϡ棬Ǹո̣Ҳ֪ˮ྿ɶô
¥¥ĴǰվӰ
벻С绹ôõı
縧Ц
յɲҷģǷ¥Ŷеһʯġ
ЦҪ˵⹤ֻõĹڳУΪʲôôĹȴûзˮ
ЦһŻԵɺϡΪ͢£ôùԱˣܹõʲôǵĻȻ䣬ˮ嶼סʷȥˡ
һֱˮ࣬۷Ź⣬⻰ƵƵͷ֮֮ˮ纫С棬ǿ仯ʯͷǿǰ˳͢æѽˮڹӵǷ
ͷַǳ֮ĿǰΨг͢ʹˮ֪࣬͢ӦԼӦôﹺ򣿡
Ц֪̫ʷԴкο
ǺǵϻصΣѾǶýѵ͢ԼŪǹԱǶзһȥйԱų͢ţԼˮ࣬һרҲûдڵıҪ
յͷ͸͢ҲԸ͢ԼΪ͢һҲɲȥˡ
ͻȻǳ͢õóǮˮࣿ
Ц͢һֱˮ඼Ĳ״ҹҲɲ˼ˣȵӡ˰֮һжġ
ЦŵͷԴҲŲɣ׬ǮֶΣ˭ܱȵϺС磬ֵˣԺķָ˭ģ
Ȼڳ͢ģֻҲչ˵ЩƷԺʿԺǳƵĽƶȣǷ졣
ֱӸֳɡԵǵȻǺ¾ƷԺʿ˸ߡ
ǺǡԺרзģʽְЩֻһݵλǽȻͬģЩƽʱɻøɻֻҪ㹻ĽͣƷԺʿǲ뿪ġŵЦ
ͻȻ˵£ҵǳ͢ר϶Ҫ಻ٰ
ҲˣΪλûл
СӿܶѾ߻ħˣҡҡͷҲ


1848 ʱ
궯
ʱҪһݳķΧ궯Ϊʵġ
ڴ֮ǰ˭ܹ뵽һ죬ܹһʵĸı䣬һʱӦ
ǰ˭Ҳǻڷԣ֤˶ѣҪ¸ǾƲܵģҲΪڣ˳Цǿ漼λģû֮ţɼһѽ
ҪžܹƸģǿĲˣϰٹᡣ
ÿ˵Ķʼ궯ʾ֭ȥŷ죬ȥԼ洫ؼʲôܹר

˹Ҳ
¬ʦڽϣ˶Ե÷ǳܣҡͷпţ޶רʱҿɴδ˺䶯ЧӦ
Ҳ
пһֵʵ֮ڴô棬ȫΪԵ˽⣬ҲѧֻǶϤĳ˵뷨ֻҪϸȥĦӦòǺѣѾڶϤÿײʿͬһ¼ĲͬӦѵģ֮£ΨкֶΣҲɹĹؼ
ҡҡͷڴĦԣԣΪΪʵʱΪնȥʹҳϣķȥչ
ӵͷ֮ˣ֣Ҳˡ
֣Եͷʾͬ
ΪܹսʶǵĳǵıǵȤãʵͬվеġ桱Ϊ㣬չġ
˵䣬ר֡
ǿյģԱ档
˲Ϊ֪רΪô塣
רһԱͻȻλҪͻȻݵæǰ
ʵ˶ȥأ
ǹԱںԺˡ
ںԺ
ŶиһרǺǶǳȤǾ͵Ժȥۿ
ҲǼ棬ȥԺֻרֺԺĿյվŲˣǳĸ̣֮⣬кա磬Χһ𣬵ͷעţǵĵ˷Ӧ
˹ȥ̽ͷȥֻһֱĳңľʵĴԲ̣ľһǳµսսһʿָǰϸһսƺ΢΢תš
Ƭֻ̣űһ˺絽ˣ
䣬ľڴһաһ㡣
ʿպָϷ
Χ۵˶ʱһ̾
ĺ׼
ܷ̫Ȥˣ

һʮӣǳһһЦһԵĺյ֪Сʮսɷר
ЦŵͷȻԣǷǳȤķҾ㻹ٸĽһЩ
æָһ
յרĿʲô޷ҲΪ˷ơúߣҶˡ
˺ĵͷ
յԣʱǽǮܹ׼ȷ֪ʱ䣬ôÿ˶ԣǷǳҪģʮս̺ŷǳгֵΪԣֱɶ칤ΪƷԣͻһ㣬һ㣬ⶫȻʮսֻһʱʵѽܹ׼ȷʮʱÿһӣǾͱȽˣһ㣬̫һ㣬ڼռط˼ҲŲ£Ҽ䲻㣬гֵͻ࣬ҪܹСһ㣬Ǿ͸òˡ
Χ۵˶˼
˼ıȭлָ㣬СûȥĽ
ԵͻȻЦϷʱļ㶼ԣҪĻϷԸһ֮ʵѧңⷽǳߣʴⶫǷǳȤ
ĿɿڴĴȻԸԼ⡭̫˼ˡ
һЦϵܣĽҪǮģҲԸ㣬ҪǺ
˿ɲǱˣǳָ̣
ģİԭٸһֱԪȥӪɻӪתȥˣҲʧҵˣͬʱҲƣʧȥƣû뵽ǣȻøײ⹤ʱ
ܱҲ۷ŹĿİЩ˿ɶǳĴǣ⼸뿴ܷһЩܹ׬ǮרҲ֪רԹܶļ
ʮսǷǳ˵ļʱ׼ȷһĿȻĻǶÿ˶ԣһǳİҲ˵мǿгֵ
İһĨ֮ɫҲһֵɼִĺ񰮣İҵ˵ǣʮսƣҲ֪ܷƣʴˣʱҽܸλĺ⡣
ǹģȻԣ΢΢һЦ
ھͺĻռƣȵƣг̸ֵĻͿڼ۶ˡҪܹ˵Щǵڶֵܡ
ָһĨʧ֮ɫȴЦ˵˵˱˼ָ󣬱ĸαҿģϵҪʱҡ
лл
İչֵлָ㣬СǸм
պǺǵˣܹҲߣҲǻ˽ĵģԣֻҪʮսܹɹһ򡣡
İԼѣС綼ô˵ˣ벻ƶѰ
ȵİȫ뿪֮󣬺պȻǣĸʲôʱģ
Цʱɡ
չһЦ
֣еʮսѽǰδŰ
е䲼רĳ԰ɣ
ǳ͢ĳԣҵĳԡվ˵
¬ʦԵûרֻ֮궼޷ʶĶ
ҡҡͷҲҲʵʮսѾˣİĳԣ׸ϼģֻʱûбϣֱգר
ϼ˭ʵԪ꣬ΪʱԪӹٸҶȥƨ¸Ԫ꣬ԪһѽİûʲôǮǾ͸Ԫ꣬ԪĿļһôܹⶫֵûҪģûоͼֵԪ̨ʧҵˡİգҲǳʵĽԭ˺գֻû˵͸Ԫģֻ˵׸ϼġ
ǺղҲµ͸˭ġ
¬ʦ֪˵ʲôǺá
ⲻǷǳġ
˵ĵļ󣬵Ǿ˵Ĺܡ
ԶҪȥСĹǻۣǾһĹȻǲۣҲԼ֮ǵļǴഫģйʲôŴഫҲ˵ǵľڲϵٻۣЩ꣬ʲôϡŹֵĶǶܹŪֻһ̣ıʧҲ̫ǣʷܶ༼ļأ֪еԭֻ֪ôһôģ˭ģ˭Ҳ֪ǻĹı֮
СũãҪǷ죬иã࿪ѼĶس
ʵˣôأҵ𣿡
˶ܣҲ
£漴Ǻ𣿡
ˣվü죬˭Ҳû˵䣬Ǻòһˣ˵⻰
ûа취ϴ
¬ʦԵҲ֮ġ
Ŷһ⻹ࡣ
֣ͻȻŶһĽ飬׼»ؿʱ򣬸˵˵
յղײա
֣еͷֿС
յ֪ɻǵãΪѸٻָعٸðԼѡ١
յͷ˵ƾ٣ͱ˵ˣΪǲܵġ
еðѡԱȻǲܵģΪðѡʿ𡣡
üе˼˵
еΪģ⳯͢Ŀǰǿ϶벻ʿģǴǽ˰գЩҪʿæǴһΣҲѿʿٸᣬ˵ʿڹٸ֮£վϵ⣬ЩƫԶأ͢ԴҲΪһشΣֵ͢Ϊеϻǹһ£ҲԴйۡ
Ϊ͢ʿط໥ƺ⣬Ӷﵽƽ⡣͢Թ涨ʿþִг͢ղܵԱʿһάյȨ棬ðմӵطľʿѡһλΪصʿ𣬳͢ٸϷλʿĲãǰվͿѡˣһʿͱάյȨ棬޷ٸᡣ
һ㶣Ƿǳǰ˼룬һｫҴĦķǳ͸ѽ
е뷨ԼĽͣյķ˼ǶǷǳƣϵĸı䣬˵ֱӶڻȨȨأʿ𱾾ֲȨհ׵һ飬ѡƣʿȨʿ𣬽һȨա
ƽ˳Ȩ͸ˡ
ǵʿͲôгɽʿ壬ô˲֮£²ȡѡƣƾɽʿ˿ԺǵĵλѡҲ϶ѡǣʵδѣΪǿ׳ôȥ˿ܻȡʿʿӵкϷȨô˾ͺѺʿĵλ
ңʿȥԱ໥ƺ⣬ʵʿȨʿܹЧִг͢ʿҲһĪĺϢΪʵһֱڴѹʿ壬ôܻʵ۲ѹʿ壬ʿͱֵҵõҵĿ϶ͬ
ңôĻҲܹܺõάʿΪʿҲа࣬տ϶ѡЩϼѵģôҽյѶϢǹʿõһ棬ǻһ档
ɼⲢǳǰ˼룬ǴиݵµľƱ仯һ취һùұøȶһ棬ֿά档
һ˫
ⲻǺյ·ô
յ⵹Ƿǳ⻹ñµͷһġ
ͷֵ÷ǳȻ˵ⲻҵһѣɲɣҲǺ⡣
ӵҲﱸĲˣǷӦһ£ʲôʱ䲼Ͼʣʱ޶డ
˵ǿҪˣֻһʱ͵˰껹ӹƣôܾͻȥһǾͰ׸ɣҪʵǾһʵУϲõġ
Ҳ룬¾ˣͷ˭Ұ䲼յٵһЩʱհɣ򳤰Ͷʻܿͻøǰһʱٰ䲼ЧҪһЩ
¬ʦԵҪӡ˰ӡ˰ҪԵû̫Ĺϵɣ
Цʱ˿̣˵ĹǮǹܿڷ䲼֮Ǿͱ͹֧ܲ𣿵õȵ˽ڼĻȥǲŻԳ͢ӵģϾǳ͢ȻŵģҲǶԳ͢õһ顣
ӵĿǰҲû˵ͷǱ˴Ļ
յΪ˸ơ
ǵʼϱóʱǼֱ׳ѽ˲Χۣڼ䣬ǶһֱڹעͷǲδŴĻ˳
Ϊǣ꺫˸ƣôһЩ˸Ѿȫ깤˸ƵһҪǷֶ䣬ˮ֮۲ƺӣڸڵϽĲֿ⣬Ҳ˵ٳִģó̶ӣϵͳÿ춼һֻһء
ʵЩ棬೤ĻѾȥ˽ϣϵʳҶ˿Ҳ½½ֻͣǼһġ
վвٻִ˳ͷҾ¥ɣľܹܶͷӭӡ
ΪԪͭǮѾ͵˳
Ǯȥǲװ
ԪֿЦɣľ˵
ɣľͷ˵˭˵ˣĶ˵ɾͭǮ̫ͣҳɱҲߡ
һԵļ߿࣬·ָûɣľǿɱǼۣǿɶûлָ
ɣľǺǵ˼ǣǻָͿǼأ
ļæҿû˼

ʱǮͻȻչԪ֣Ԫϸ磬һ˵
ߵһԣǮʵԪϸ磬ЩոľԪҵģ
ԪЦԪҲһЩȫ
ԪҵȻὫռϺϢ¶ЩﶼǴĻӡ
ǮæʵԪҴƣ
Ԫ΢΢һ㶣ĿǰڸЩô
ǮһתģݵҲ֪ģԪôܹ˵㵽ǿԺѽƽҵЩ
Ԫ΢һҲͦģЩǵģԽԽԪҲָָָۣûôˣԵͷ
ǮԲϲǳḷ̌ϣеľƣͨĵۣܹ¢ϡ

ͷһˣվһȺˣΧһһСչޡ
óԣóԣڳԵ⴫˵е֦ˣ
һСչ޷ŵߣͷʹôҲһ幫ӣȻģʵ˴۾
ܵܺٺٵҪҪһޡ
ô

Ȼԣ
ָܵȥһޡ
ҲûгԹ֦̫óˡ
滪ԵöҪˣֺС֣ô뵽Ľӷŵ̳汣ģ
ܵܺǺǵǲ֪Ҹȥ֮ʱ˺ܶζĹӣԵɶԲꡣǱߵ˵ÿ궼ˣΪ٣԰࣬ԸԲѽҵʱ;̫˷ˣڳʱôùӳԣҷǳҾ룬ҪܹЩӶ͵ڳҲܹԵζĹӣǸöôáʴˣҾ뵽̳ӲˣȻ̳ӲܹˣӦҲԱӡҾоνװ̳棬û뵽뵽һ취ѾԹˣҲԱһ֮á
ֺĽС֣㽫̳Ӳ˵뷨̫ˣ֦ϱȻͨڳܶ˶ûгԹҿ󶼲ҪȥģŪ͵÷ѽ
ܵܰڰֵ׬ǮС£ǳԵôģҾѾˡ˵棬ֵúǺֱЦС۾гһ죬ȫһˣһ
Щ˶׷ĽĿһС֣Ҫ˵ܹƣҲˣվǱţ˼Ҳµһ̣һСֱԺ棬ѹûʲôļƣܶʶСִ˼С־ܹƣǷƣǮòꡣúܶ˶벻ͨΪʲôСֶܷƣȴܡʵǲпġ
¥ƹʵС֣ûд㽫̳Ӳ˼ȥר
ܵҡԴ˦һķ⣬һҲʹ磬Ǻ˵̳Ӳ˶Ǵƾŷǳİҽ⼼ϸܣ׼й¶ȥȥרҲ߼ģǳ͢ӦĻ߱ˡ


1849 ޱĿʼ
ܵܵĳɹʵǳ˵Ľʡޡ
Ϊܴķȥܵܶһˣƫƫܹơ
żԣҲбȻԡ
żȻԾܵ˺գմûп͹ֵķǳ⵼СͷǳţǳɹĻҪأŵǲȡóɹġ
ȻܵȻּ䱿׾ӦҲȽҲΪˣ˼Ƿǳϸģʲôϸȥĥȥ۲죬һҲżԸȥԽڳԷ棬ǷǳȤģϸΪؼһ㣬ĵ뵽Ĳ󣬶ܹҿģΪʲô֦ͷΪϣ˳Եֿ֦ĵı飬ˬ
ҲΪʲôСּвƷҶϲΪСֵĳԾϣ˶ϲµľǴҶ
̫˵úܶԣҲıãǧɢ
ؼܷԼơ
С־ͽƷӵ쾡£ĳɹҲǱȻġ

һһִﳤͷҲԤʾųʽڻԼʱ÷ḻ
ʴˣʱó߳ʱڣָƽ
Ҫ֪񳤰һʱڡ

칫ģֻڱΧ˲ˣΣ涫ԭ޽ҪƳڵϰʷһˮ·
ҶԴ˶Ƿǳڴ޽ˮ·ʱǾͶϾǷ¥ĲƷǵʱǼˮǾ͸ϡһǺȥһ㣬޷ˮ·ʲôӵģҪҿһ㲻صɴ
ǵˣҲǱ¿֮ʱȻֻһЩʳ濪ţĵͶ뻹ûпšеͿˣҲûȫ濪ţֻֻһЩͻûգΪĿǰҲûǮնǮȡˣɣľҲһʽתƵȥˣڽĿǰֻǸƱҵ
ʴˣɣľǻһ򵥵Ŀʽյûг棬ϾųԼ˵ݣҪɵվ˼һô롣
ʽոϣҾͶӿ뵽ǿɶģҺҲûɶģֻȲˮ·о
տˮôôؼӲ͸ʯͷһ
ۡɱȻʹĵ·Ҫƽ̹һЩ
˼飬̫˼ˣ
⡪̫ˣ

ӿ뱱֮󣬾վˮ·ıģСܣ񱼣ÿ˶Եü˷ܣɼ˼뷽棬ѾʱȾˣĿڴѾһµø߶ȣǰһǳأԸȥµ
֮⣬вС̤꣬С֡гЬˮ·ϱţǰʯͷ·ϣǵҪƽˮ·̫ʺû̥гͷǺյĴӺ⣬ԪӥԪǣԪұˡ

ŲȺְƵгŽ㺫ŸոմרͨǱĺմкеһ룬תһȥ
ܵܣôȥ
㣬ѵûпүүүүô
Σ
ǹȥĻֵôɨ˰ҿɲӳ

⺫վŵĿɲʲôˣ硣
Ѿע⵽˺򣬲ôأ
յȻ֪ӵ˼ȴôƤ
縧Цӿ㰡
տЦ̫ʷ⻰ǿ仹Ǳ᣿
Ϸ룬ôҲӦǱɣ
ɲһǰ˭Ҫ˵Ķֻȥ


ˮ̫ˣ
ƺûעˮ·ϲ˼ţǳϼĴ֣ḧˮء
Ц˾գҴ㽫ˮ԰Ľ衣
վڰֵ԰ֻΣֻǹֵģӦþ罫ˮڳǷ˱ԸõıҴƵİա
ֱͷ仯ʯͷݵ̫ˣˮҴƵĽһ¥ѽ
ⷽרҵʿˮĳ֣԰ѡ
ЦΪʲôһֱ÷ȥǿԭڣһվͿԽһ̵ĳǳأǵ˵㽫޷вǣǵĹڵ˵ľ룬ǽս޲ʤ
̾һϧûǮֻˮడ
Ϻ꣡հһ䣬ȴЦ˾գ̸ǮǾ˸ˣɷģҽ޳͢һЩˮ࣬רڳн衣
ȵ˻棿
յͷ
縧ЦСȻҴƵһ̣еǮȻˣͲӦ޳ɡ
Ц͵ÿĸǶȥǳ͢ĽǶǾ޳ǴǷ¥ĽǶĿǰҶˮûûȫ˽⣬ҲûȥһһͣۼΪʵҾ͢ڳмʶҲôҶˮһǳ̵ʶ
˵׾ǹ¡
ͷЦԭˡ
յ⻹õȵ䲼֮˵
ʵǲ֪ʱŰ䲼
ЦѾˣǻñ¹Ŀ
ԣüεȷ˵ǰ
̸䣬Ⱥһɧ˾ĿȥֵϵοͻȻ㼯
ǳʲôأ羪
Ҳ£ϸ˿ֿ˶ͨܵǱ߼УҺܿͨܵǰų˳Ķ飬ӦСӣǿɶҵķͷȴλĪ˽
˵ţֽкڲ˵˼䡣ͷȻ첽Ժȥ
ǼգǶһͷˮ

ʮ֦ޡ
Ҫһٹޡ
ֻЩƽʱĹӸ磬վͨܵſڣ໥ţĿţһ幫Ӱ
λ͹٣ǱǸСָԸһֻޡ
ΪʲôѽֲûǮ
ģ̳ӹޣСָϣ˳Ե̳ӹ⡣
˵úãҾͳ˵СˣǰЩˣǮ˲ô˭ûǮ
ǣǣٷϻչ

ԭСֵͨܵ꿪ţСֽԼˮͷŵͨܵ귢ۡ
ˮͷһ֣̾ˡ
ɱʲô̳ӲˣҪ̫ˡ
̳ӲҪڸ·ˮɲͬͷڳǸ޷Եϵˮ֦ܶ˶ֻѹûгԹǮڳԳԵΣֱ޷ݡ
Щ塢Թ׷ԽԽ࣬ʲôˮ࣬ûȥעˣǲעˮ࣬ˮˮͷô࣬һûˡ
Ūúպΰ
֦ϷҲ̳֦Ȼʵ֦ζͬģҲǳɿڡ
źոոո֦ͷ޲ڰ
ӽϽ֦͵Ҳ£αģ
ʼҲ֪СּŵĶط˵ţͻȻƺ˼ʲôǵ˾ģǵĽʿһܹԵˮ޵ģңԶԲģǿǴƵƣ
һ㶣Ц
վһˣȵ뿪Щ˱Χ˹
ˣˣС磬СֻǲˣˮޣҿСּĿܻᳬԽСķ¥ѽ
һҡͷԵ
һ۽ģ˵Ľǿ϶Ǽٵġ
Цҿɲҷϣǿˮ඼ʽˣҪ֪ˮҲŸոճ
ҿС֣Ȼģ⻰ǹάʵ⼸䣬Сּŵ棬ɲȺյ٣¼Ϻյ˽ţҲ൱
ݾڵеľ¥ȫһҲȲСּţΪСּŵ̳Ӳ˷ǳʺ˽źǿСֲҪصǷ㣬ҿζԱãЩ˽ǿɽ棬Ҫô·ܣǲǮֻǼù⣬ͳСֲˣСֱǶλҵʱڣ˿ǷǳģСǷһѲƣСּڽһӾˣǼ
˵СҲȾϵˣֻǴɾ͸ײˣʱպôݳʣ˳㽫ǮͶԼȥˣʱ֪ܷسԺ׬ôǮѧԺǮʹﵽһǧᣬ˲¡
ôǮټΪ˺Ҳ͵ϣӼ۵ģڲͶʣСֲ˵ĿڸУͬʱзµòƷ˵⻹ΪԼȤãΪǳϲԣٺóԵĶԶҲᷳģǾ͵оµá
ôһ˼ҾԶ׷̳ӹôģҲʱ嵮һȻǾ¢ϣģģֻҪʱĳ֣һ¢Ϊ㹻ǮͻͶʼз棬ȫôԶ˼ǰġ
ԣʱĵһٽķٷչǱȻϵ֮Сũþһ谭չҲǱȻģΪƸ˲еĻûлȥоµüСûǮŪóˮͷģӿרƵģһʼǴӺȥϵģⶼǮһ˾뷨Ҳܸ
ϼ԰ǶСֵĿͻǾֻСһͻҲԪң޲ýСָΪСֵļˮ۳ģЩׯ԰ҲǴ׬ǰû·ģϵشϡˮû˳ԣҲһЩơ
С磬ҲԷƱˮ࣬ĻȥҪ鷳ͽ
ǮżЦǺǵ
ŴĽС磬Ƿ¥˲żüѽΪʲôǵĹûһ͵ġ
ЦܼѽΪһֱǳЩҲδΪʲôɼƣҵǾˮ൮Ƿ¥ˮɵģǵҷеǳĲƾʲôѽ
һ仰Щ£ڴ֮ǰû˶ڹйӣǶԣҲֻר䲼֮һѾкܴĸƣõĹѾڶˡ
ֺٺЦС磬˵㽫ˮר
յͷô
ֵȻѽһֱܿС
պǺǵ˰ɣ
ƵΪʲô
յѾˣչô񶼻ûЩ죬ˮ࣬ˮģǲСҪͶ벻ٵôྫѽ
ļ״չأ
Ҳʡʡɡյ¶ѾвҶ붼ڻָĹУʲôԼǷǳģôʽȥתĿǰҪԼӸסȵͷԣˣԼˮôѾ˺Ķ󡣡
Щգʱǻʧ
ֵǶмǵ̸̸ѽ
ʲô£
Ѿ˳ŵڼĻȫ˳ȥΣҲȥʱˣǷ»ص͹棬蹤˹ʣֻһڷԡ
Щգ˲Ĭһת
Ϊ˵ȻΨͼܹһڷͽ⣬ǲԸһǮ
Ŀһɨѵǣ͹ɲΪ˹ǺãҲΪǺãǮ㹤ǴӦôȥΣ绹ǻģǳ򵥣ֻǴ֮ؼѣûѣЩ˭ѽȥп˼¥֮⣬ľ붼ǹŵģΪʲôǵĿͻЩ̣ҲǹԱЩˣԣⲻǳ֮ƣǱ뻹ûص͹
ͻȻС磬ҲǲԸص͹棬ĿǰͭǮϡ٣ټϽϵͭǮжûɶͭǮ
Ҳ׷׵ͷ
ɫ⣬͢ѾʶһԴһЩģǴɷģȣҪص͹ϣ䲼֮Ǿ͹
һ
Ǯʵǲ֪ʱ䲼
Ӧÿ˰ɡ
յҴƶԣǷǳҪģĿǰȻûа䲼Ѿõ˰յ֧֣ϣЩ˺͵Ҳܹȫ֧ұ֤ǽࡣ
ǮæС磬ǿɶնĵ
Цŵͷ


1850 
ʵķĵڴĵ
治һ
ӡ˰˰ƣʵÿײ㶼һɱȾҪݵĶ࣬پƶڸǷǳ˰ơҾǮҲֻҪһͨյ˰˰ֻͷйϵҵĲƸûκιϵڵˣڸҲˣʱڣȻеͨΪʱڴҶǳƶ಻󣬵вͨصļ沢˵ҪôȻǲеġ
Ȼǿӡ˰ҲܸߣϾǰģǧ֮һһһǧ͵ý֮˰ǾƵĻͲҪ˰
ֻʱʵ̫ˣ֧֣͢Ҳ֧֣ҲҪҺܶѡĬΪǸոշǷ沢أҲϣЩܹϷټϺյҲԸԸ⣬ǴҶ֪ǱȻ䲼ġ
䲼
Ҷܡ
ʵҲ䲼Ҳȥֻ¾ͻȻˣܽӼ󳼣տɲʴˣõȼβȷ
ڼ䣬ֵܵˮɴȡר
רֻ͸һңҲרƵĳΣŲֵȡˮɴ¢ȨȻҲҪǮģڹ⸺ծۣô󡱵ĿǸѽ
ǲֵ̫ԸǮˣҶһңƸ񶼸߶ˡ
ڵգԪҡ֮һǧᣬӲֵйˮɴǩԼǹЩ׼ڷ˿飬ڷ֯޻ëΪֵ֪ԪҺ֮¢ϵġ
һ֮䣬ֵܾͻǧ⻹ڳգûʲô׬Ǯ
ͬʱֵ벻ٴ̿ʼ֮ʣͼ¢ҵķɴҵ㳯͢Ҳǹ¢ϣΪʲôȥ¢ϡ
Ȼˮɴһ̶ϴٽɣ۹˶֪ˮɴĳ֣ɴЧʮ౶Ƕڲ˿󣬿϶ǻӵģټϵյߣɣѾֹŹأŹؿɲǺΨһԼľɳ񣬳ˮһɷƽһڲϵ֣ΪɣǿƶϵģʳҪֵĶ࣬ǵطҲʳ
вˣϣܹ͢ݵȵֲɣΪ˱ԭ˵棬뵺ɣȫˣҪɣͬʱ֤ǲɴֻҪԭϡ
͢ʱûӦ
ձ˲ֵһͷ棬ǵ¼ˣģˡǧᡱᡱۡ
Ǵ̼ÿ˵ߣȻܶ˶ѾԤϵˣ浽һ̣еˣеǳ˼顣
һ֮䣬ֵܵĲƸ͵λ˷츲صĸı䣬Ҫ֪ǺĲˣǶǹйѽ
⼫Ĺ˴Ҷڷ顣
ͬʱ⹤ĵλõһߣõĴɿȻûа䲼󲿷ֵĹ˶ڱȰУǵֻ±˶ѡ฻̶Ĺ˻ᱻߣѾʼʸЩֹЩ˲š
Ӷ͵£̽׼øӽܣ̸鲻ʵ潫ǸһģΪ۹ģ֪ʲôܹ׬ǮмǴ󲿷ֹ˶ûͷҸȥʲôܹרҽ˷ƣ˿Ը߹ˣгʲôȻ˲ܹǳķӦ
ǽۣ˵ȻڶΪѾչǧ꣬ǶֳɵģʱѾеˣȻܲô׼ٳֹ϶ЩģֻЩûеõϣרĳ֣ʵǾڼϣȻδԿһֻۣΪЩһ𣬿϶ֻᷢչµü

ͬʱ¥ġˮࡱҲ뵽רˮǷǳ򵥵ģΪгȷʵûУû˼
Ǻղδѡ볤ĸ̺Ҳûнרǣѡй壬ʿ𡢴齨һǿĽţˮ࣬ģשߣҵǿ϶Ǯ׬ģΪѾˣǰЩС϶ûýȫµ
ֻ붫
ڽϵĻմ㽫רϣΪףٳһϽš
Ϊӡ˰һϻ˺Щ棬ûֻΪԼ飬˵ЩΣǽӡ˰ջøǿµĲ·ǲŲǵǴһ˺ϣܹˮཫһ˼ȽϿĹ˵Ӷʿ𡢵ͬʱ˽׼
һһеļ󶼽ԤʾŴƽӭһʱ


й
ｫһڵĴձ£ȭһգЦգ㻹ǽһΣе棬եȡһɶһûʣȻһеһУҵУ㴴Ļᣬǿɶ
мǷŭΡ
ȻѾ׹ô£ΣΣֻĿźոսΪһжԼȡԹˡ
Ǻܿ죬ƣ̬˳һ˫ĵĵۣų˷ܵĹ΢΢𣬡ǵѾΪ˵ңȴΪ˵㣬¿ɻѽ
ʱһ˽ʺ󣬸ˣ
һȥµ޹
ǹһƵʺȥǱʼղϡ⡭
ޱǱµӣһӦġ
˵գ㾶ֱ˳ȥ
ȻһνǰҲûʲôŵʤûȥֱͨӽ֮⡣Ҫ֪һΣ֮ǰ쳾ĳ֣ѾǷ޵ĸѺۣһΣֱĲҲѾȫҪĻͷǳԲ
ҲûбֳʲôҲһѯһεȻ뿪ˡ
Ȼȴ֪ʵβϢڽӼλҪ󳼡
Լ޹ӼҪ󳼣ɼʱ֧ȥǵ񣬵ûа취Ҫٲ䷢Ļ˰֪ôգҿɻǷһƨծûȫĴΣ߳ҪǴΣ϶ġ
޹֮ڣֻڣաĹࡢߣ⻹һնվڴߡ
Ϊ޹еҪ󳼶￪ᣬֻټ˼ϳӣЩεģûټ
ֻǶվڴźյ£Ϊһ½ķǳڲܹ£ֻڱ
һڵεǿǵûͦꡣ
յ£϶ƣҲһֱΪûߣ䲼֮󣬿϶⣬ֻܲ͢ϵȥơ
һ˵òԹ䷨ܻС谭ڵͷҪϳ˷䷨漰ƣĽִȥ
֮⣬ִܷȥ
յ⳼ʮֵģΪΪ˷򣬶ң͢ǿҪı䣬ҲǸݹ䣬ά־ƵĻӵдأֻҪһ˵˰ûأûƣȴɸһ˰ƱػӼìܣʱ䷨Ҫʤٱ䡣
ѽҲġθпһȴδϴӦ˵ˣרѾȡ˷ǳĳɹ
£ǱȽϳɹյŸոտʼ͢Ѿƾר˰ٹ룬ⷽ뽫ԽԽࡣ⣬ϣиҽҽܹרҪܹҵκñ²ҩרֵˡ
ѵдİ
˵ţ̾˿޵ӹҲǲƫƫؼʱ򷢲Ҵֻܶͷλ䡣
æˣΪǣΪ˳ӵı֣°壬ǱҴ֮
˾ڣ޵ȷĲ١
ֹƬ̣ŵʱܻû񣬹ʴϣ˻ᣬ̫һ£޴̫Ӽ֪λΪΣ
һĹࡢͬʱһ㶡ȴаѾװɣʵ۾ǻʵֶۣΣӻ簡
ʮͷͼƺ̫Сһ㡣
Ҳû˷ԣաĹࡢʥȱؽĽ̫ӡ
Щ˾ܿε⣬̫ôȨؽϣǺգ¶첻̫ǾǺѽ
Ȼεĳӣͨӳ޼нȨģȻὫȨ·ŸգǺģǻȥִУǺյȨɾͷǳˣһֱϣϣ㣬ٳŵ䲼ȷʵûа취Ҳ֪̫ף岻ǺܺãҲûʲôѡֻ̫ܽӸ
ǾƲܷԵģκɣ˭Ҫǻʵһ¼ġ
֪̫ףҿмλڣ޲ܷ̫Ӽ˵ţֵǾȥ̫ɡ
΢
ֵ£ةһ΢û
ʲô飿
̽йѡʿĽΡ
ԣĬ˺һŵͻպ˵ɣҪǽִȥҪٽ֦
΢Ҳûʧ·Ԥ֮УеĽǷǳǰģ״Ҳûȥ᲻ԻȨв˼ǵ˵


1851 ䷨ۺ֢
Ȼջûеͷͨúȥ̫̫ôףô£жϣҲֻӺǵĽ飬Ҳ˵ѾӦ䲼ֻΪ̫һЩȨ
ͬʱҲڹܱ䷨شķգԹ䷨Ƿǳеģʮа˾Ŷʧܸաô飬ҲΪһ䷨֮ǰǶţߣ䷨ΪֻҪ䣬ųɾŻ˺ȵߣû˭ı䷨ʮþȵģҲǡ
β̫ȻǸԼأʺողһΣҲʧܵĿܣҪһɵĻȫƵ̫ӵϣ̫ף˼Ҳ̫ӣôջ䵽ЩҪϡ
Ҳһ磬ȱҪĸʹϣⲢ㣬Լ·ҪɣǹǼⷽ棬һֱķǳܹܹԼŵһܺߵλϣҵҪõһУȫѾõˣҪ˵ʲôʲô£ǸҲõĶģĶǱ˵ġ
ʺͷģ˼Һ޶帮ڣҲֻһܺߡ
ʷϼضˣʲôԸɾûʵǻҲܹº˭Ҳ뵽ԼŻᵱʵۣλڼ䣬书ʲôҲǷǳɵġ
յȻҲΣܹôԸȥеһк±ģǼϣò
ڵգ̽աĹࡢС¬ʦԡ֣Сʽܡ֪ŵҪ󳼣ȫӷΪԱ
ҲһǳȷźţҲһ֤βδͿǽ÷ǳ͸Ҫһ㣬Ӳй£Щ󳼿ɱˣһ̫ӡ
ΪжһϵҲģ³͢ʡǷǳƵġҪ̫Ӽװ׺϶ΪһǾͲ֪˭˵㣬϶ڶǾӦǶԱȨ
ֻˣҪˣȵˣóʵ۵ģǲܻǰλģһȬˣĵλͷǳΣ̫ϻʿøɵְҵ̫ϻֻܱĻҪ̫ϻʳ˵仰öҵģһҲţΪҲ֪ǸʵۣǸ̫ϻʵģʴˣлʵǰλⲻȫȨƣⱾͷǳԲġ
װ׺϶ΪһͿԽЩ⡣
ǿ϶εĳӣԱһֻǷȥ̫Ӽ˶ѣȨ
һţʱȡǵ
ЩҪ󳼣ȥ̫䲼
ԭҶΪֻڶһ̶ѣû뵽ǲĸ֮С¶Щ֮ɫôСﶮΡ
Ҷ֪Ҳ֪λС˵Ƣԣ̫˵һЩΡ
ջǺվʵǵ¶кβܱ֮ԺҪһЩҲƣôСͣ濴ö
СüͷΪҵûʲôֻǾơ
СģкοʵΪﻹƣ
ϻδ帮ĹУǾ۹֮ı׶ˣȴû漰ⷽĸơ
Ĺ̵£֮壬֮ôԱ䱾ǲ֮£ⷴĸ⣬ȥ֤֮Ȼ֮ҲóȻϳ콥
죬㲻ܷϳҲӦøĽǡ
ʵǲ֪̫кνأ
˺һͻȻҳʦ˵Щʿۣû׼ʱȥбҲ֮Żᱻ䡢٣ΪҲÿʿǹҪ۵ģв飬ôֻ˺޹ʿģΪȴӾпʼ֮Щ֮ļ
úǺЦͣĻ壬ʴӱҴ֮
һϲæ˾Ҳͬ˵ô
ͷͬͬϳǷǳֵ֧µ顣
СӡʽҲ׷ױʾ֧֡
Ҷ֧¸ֵ߰һ㣬һΣУն޹ģȴ˵룬޶ڶҲӦһЩյߡ
̶ʱľ㣬ʲôӡ˰ģ治ǺܶҲ̫Ȥ
յ£͢գڳ͢ǳѣطϾ͸ˣھͰ䲼ⷽߣ͢ʵҲֻðվó͢ƭǣµǷǳõģõȵָȥЩ
⵹ҲǡͷҾûʲôˡ
һ仰͸¶СıŪЩҪǿЦã㲻ͨأ
ֻܵͨˣ
Ӷ֮󣬺ʡ
֪ڼ䶼ǳƣѾ˷֮ʱϣټһ£ȵȫʵ֮ǾͿԺúϢˡ˵꣬ûһ˷ܡ֮ɫԵһЩЦô£ҿǵ飬ôҪ̳Ƶã
ʵѵûһ㲻ô
ʵΪʲôҪУ
Թ䷨߾ûмк³ģңÿ䷨ǻȻǴ˷䷨ҴƵ֮ȻҶǳڴǶĽһնûС
༸Ҳ׷׵ͷ
ǻ˺ܶ˵棬˵޶ĹУû谭ǰ䲼֮󣬿ɾͲ֪ˡû֮ͨǰҶָ֮ͨͨеЩ¡
ЦʵֻҪһ̬ʲôˡ
ʲô̬
£
ּ˵һжΪ˹ңΪ˰գΪԼǾûʲôģıˣ죬ʧˣҲġΪǲʧܵģΪʱ˺Ͷߣһܹȡóɹġ
˵ɣ˭ܹ˯ðȣҪǳʲôǶ̰
עҪʧߵġ
Ȼվһ⣬§±˯ö㣬¶е˼飬ȻϲŲʣﻹǷǳģΪ·䲼˼Ҳ÷ԣȵ䲼Щ˲ܹҵ©Ըǡ
ôϣòڵõκĵͷ֮ڰ䲼ˣ


1852 
ǧʼѽ
εöþ׵ˣ
ʵһ¾Ѿ԰䲼ˣԤƵҲǸʱ䣬Ϊε壬һֱϵڣֻһ£Ƕֻһʱĳ͢һ¿ҲԵ
ôǰ䲼ˣ
˶ǳһǺǻҲ÷ĻҶδŲȷʲôŲֽš
ĺݾӡ˰еݶΧת
ΪĵȻũɣ֮˰Ŀǰũɣ˰ǹҵĸڣ˰漰ÿգÿײ㣬ݲ࣬Ǽ̳оƵ˰ֻǰĶģԾǰ˰ĶΪ׼һӻ߼١һССĲӵıǺ㶨ģñ˵һĶؽһʳôһĶؾһٶڻ׼£˰ǵݼģӵʮĶظʮĶأǾͲһĹϵǺЩĹϵ
ʵǱСũͬʱҲӵĸĻЩĻˡ
䲼֮󣬵ǱҪӡģӡĵǾһŷֽȻȻĶǹУɷȷĹ涨һ㡣
ھǽģˣҷȥأũ֣֮䵽˵Ҷ֪ظ˭ģӡ˰䲼֮Ҫô˽УҪôУڵԡ
Ϊӡ˰ŷл涨֣ûճɣԶ˰ӡ˰һǳҪĽͣйٸ͢Ƿý˰ûճɣͲҪ˰ǴٷԵġ
ũɣ˰ǹ֮ӡ˰֮У˰֡
󲿷ֵӡ˰Ƕǧ֮һһǧģҲһǮɡ
ҲЩԼýɷǳ߰ӡ˰ӡ˰ū澽׺ؽס
˵ū澣ʵǵ漰˿ڽ׵ӡ˰ߵģصӡ˰Ҫߣֻǰū澷Ͼǽū澷ĳӡ˰ǣӡ˰ǿԣܲӡ͸һģӡΥΪĽףԲӡֻҪŵùԷ
Ҳأ˿ڣеӡ˰󲿷ֵӡ˰˫е
һ㣬û뵽˰ûȫȡֻǰյؼ˰գƷǲ㣬˰ȻҲ궼Ҫɣ˰ǮĲߣǷǳ͵ġôΪ˴ʹطҵΪǰ˰ôȥݽ˰ȻݵģҲ˵Խ࣬˰յþԽ࣬ԱԽãطٸӯ࣬Ϊӡ˰ǸٸΪġ
ĲƸ˰ĻƱػᵼǣëʼճϣĿǰƻûдﵽز
ȷӡ˰ִУôǳ˰֣ҲжţǾϸڣһ֪
˰ֵΨһְȨǾǵ͵˰©˰ֻеȨκεִȨ˾Ȩʷ̨̲¡񰲾
ҲҪ˰ȨԼ໥⣬ΪɷⶫƲܼһ໥ƺ⣬ɷŻӹһЩҪ˵ԹƽҲǹƨǲġ
˰ȥ飬ôȥ飬һһȣǰһȣȫû˵
ͬʱְ䲼˷ǳϸ˰񷨰ٶ屶ķ߿Դﵽһٱķ©˰Խ࣬ôıԽߣǵʽİ취ʵڱյȨ棬˭͵һǮ˰Ҫ͵˰ҲüʮϰٹɣǾͷҵյĻ͵˰Ҳ϶࣬ԶԾͱȽһЩ
ԱǣУٶְ
˰ֲܵطعϽֻ룬طԱûʲôϸְȨԣ˫ƽġ
˷⣬䲼õȼֱӡڻϣʼ÷ǳҪҪûлǳܵɷ֮⣬඼ܵʲô͹ʲôͳͳ޹أ˵ƾ٣ռȨûУΪûлû˰㲻˰ֻܳ͢˵һ
ȼ͵ȼʸûУµԼ͢ڱ˭ҪǩԼкԼеӡ˰͢ãκ볯͢йصЩûʸ롣
Ҫָܹһȼ
Ȼͷ˵Ѳ÷ΧڣһҪΥʥľԼõȼŻܵӰ졣
ķ˼Ƿǳصġ
˻⣬ø͢ǹ涨֮ڣеԭգȫøȫµĻʵҲЩǰΪӱ˰գԼһĹµĻᣬǰ˶㣬Ҷ
һϵеķ˼ǷǳԵģ͵˰ǿԵģֻҪ𱻴žУǾǵž޶ķɡ
ֹ涨̸һ˰ʣҲǱڳ͢ĺ۵أʵеĺܶ෨ûжһǿġΪ͢ᳫãôȳ͢ԼͲĳǳ͢ôܽԼˣһΣȨʼڳ͢Уô͢Ҳѣ֮Ǿжг𱨳
ͻڴҵ֮УֻЩͷЩˣ̫һ㣬ܹܵķΧڣ֮ΪϢǾǻʵ۴ͷ˰
ĸο϶ǵһ˰Ļʵۡ
ô֮ʵ۶˰˭˰
Ҳ˵֮˰䲼֮ǾͲʲô˰׵ʳƶҲ֮ıˡ
ܳʱЩзأڸԶоӣƳʳֻоÿȨƳһǧҲ˵һǧ˰ͶģǵʷǣԼȥ˰еȻѹȣҲ˳һǧ񣬻Ͽ˵ǷϳʳƶȣȫΪʷɹͳһ˰ȻٷЩ߱˰ȨǲһǮǶپ͸Ƕ١
Ҳ֪ռеأͳͳҪ˰
л
ǣ͢棬ָݾĳսȷĸĶ٣ҲǸǮ͢ҲûʲôǮҪǽͽҽҩ棬Ҳһǲ࣬ӽСԪеСǲ֧Ϣ
սʿ궼ڽ˵ġ
һϣһֱ
ʵ֮⣬һȺҲͷرҪ˰ǷȽɡ
ǷԭͷرҪ˰
⣬֮УҲ͹Ҳ˵䲼֮͹͵ȫִСҲӡ˰еĹϵǮнģǾΥģǹҲý˰ͽǮ˰գԽߣɵ˰ҲԽ࣬ǰ˫ǩĹӶԼģӡ˰˫еֻغūһеҲ˵ð˽һ˰ʵ࣬ӹƣҪ͵öࡣ
Ϊ˲Ҫɸ˰Ҳȥ飬վͽ˽ɵ˰ŵ棬˻ǱҪҸ
֮⣬ݡݡݡݣȵһЩҵչѸ͵ĳУ󲿷ֵӡ˰Ͻɸ͢ӡķʽҲбأЩأٸ¾УҪ֮ǮȫٸĲҪϽɳ͢
ҵĳУӡ˰϶ǷǳģȻȫٸලƵġ
ȣЩطǲȡӡ¡ϣԼԼͱרǹطģǹٸۣɽкԪиۣҲ˵ҪȥٸֱȥлԪйˣСԪҲûǮΪǮʹõǺϣһ˰ǮֱͨСԪϽɵ÷ĳп϶нлԪеġ
͢ЩкԪжǲǮģǰ淢ŵĹծľǳ͢ڽСԪе֧֣ʵһֽסСԪǲҪӡ˰ģǳ͢ǩһԼɷģΥԼͿϹٸУҪӡ
ӡ˰սĻȥСԪд洢ǶԼϵýӡ˰ģմȡһǮ͵ýһӡ˰СԪпܲˣҲܲ˵ġ
ߣӡ˰ûжĹϵǷǳҪÿ˵ϢϢأǳ͢ȷʾóһɵ˰ռ⻹ֻǹ֧кܶ߷棬ռйأñĹģﵽһ̶ʱͱҪӵѧԺѧԺͱš
Ҳˣ÷ĳҲҪӵһѧԺԽĳУӡ˰Խ֮࣬񰡡
ڵڶߣģʿ֮ǰΪʿۣ۵ļ
飬Ȼ̫ģ֪ģҷǳοصȥߺǣһҪд̫ģûһϵ
Ϊߣֻʩˣǲκ˵ġ


1853 ѽ
뵱䲼ʱ֮⣬˶еǳġ
ΪԭһߣȰũɣḳ˰
Ǻ䲼֮󣬶ʱȻ󲨡
ͺյǣάȵߵ棬ЩոĽ׼ռǷģЩȵߣά½׼棬ǹũɣ
ũɣ˰˵ǷǷ沢ĹأȫǺϷҶá
ڣ˰
˰һЩʲôˣԹ󣬻׹ݣȨƵģȫ˰ߣǽȨƵ˶ˣл̡
ΪĵҲߣʵ̫ˣûߣǻĲ١
ûа취ôûõִУܼ򵥣߳ϼ沢ںϷΪǱ˰Ҳֱ֪ӻᵼЩ˰ģļ沢أǰЩضƵģȻҲ沢Ҳ޼ɵļ沢ȡƣҪµƣûκˡ
ҲΪʲôεĴͷ˰
˼Ҳʵ˰⣬ҪûǮˣǹܲôղĸ㽻ĿɲǮһ뽫ǵǮߡ

ˣˣǷˣ⽭ɽҵģС˾Ȼǽ˰̫
罫һ˦ݺݲϼţƿڴ
ǿ벻ѽйķ⽨УǼ£¶Ҽҵģһý˰ң˵֮ϣôѽ
ʱһͨүԽˣ
壬塣
δ䣬ͼһʮ꣬ݸ㣬ͦεӴ첽˽
꣬İӣһֱתΪΪЩȨǸѽһطˣŻص˳ΪҳôΣҲûʲô
壬пոհ䲼
һ񣬱һĳʵ
ĿһƳ
Ŀһ̾Ͷˣͬˣʱ壬̫ҿ˺˵ɱΣŻ˺Ϳľ˰ǮСһ˵ЩЩһôѽ
ߵʲô˵˰˰һǮҲģҿܹ
ǻ壬ǲ˰ڰҲ˰ʳδػǵģǵ취ñջس
üͷʲô취
壬ɲҪ˰кܶ˶Ǵ˰ΪҪ˰ҷʱ򣬾յٷ˶Դ˸еǳвٻ׹ݡѫ֮󡢸ɮʿԼٽǿһ͢ʩѹó͢ջس
һͷãô졣
İ䲼·ƽĺһľʯЩƽʱǳ͵ʼǹغǸȨ档


սһȫµĻӵϣغͻһ£ǻһҪȫԸӡ˰ĸڣܾͻ⡣
»Ӧⲻ󣬾ǵطؿܻһЩ⣬ǳ͢ʱ䣬ƻҲǷǳܡôǰЩΪֵߣһֱͳأڸصأзǳϸݣЩʲô⡣
Ŵг
ӹƣǰջ˰ʱΪ˰ػӡ˰ǰĶģôݾǷǳҪģҪ˰Ļͱأرػ϶ҪһЩĿǰĿƼҪͳƵأҲǷǳѵġ
ǣյֵߣѾͳƸصأÿ굱ɳԱȥͳأǴСƶ֮أֻŴ󲢲֪ʱվѾΪһ̵棬ֻһӶѡ
ʴˣ񻧲࣬ΪѾͳˡ
յͷҲܵģȻ͢䲼෨ôͲǶǣǲܳһġ
֪ŴͷֵΪⲻ⡣
ղ⻰ʲô˼
Ŵѵû˵ô׹ݶȡ˰еǳǺ׼͢ʩѹñջس
ûڻ鵣£֪֪ǻϾҪæµʱ̣˰աءǶǻȴȥЩ׹ݣ㻹г񰡣
ŴƵɲСѽһñջسǿɾǰڡ
֮⣬ǿµĶǱ䷨ѵĵط
һ¡յǵְȨǸִг͢䲼ߣڱǷҪջسǱ¿ǵ£кθϵѽ㶯Խ뿴ҪûãǿɵøѽҲЩṩǵɣֻǱҪջسǿɲø𰡣
Ŵúո˵ˣһú˵úеһܸоЩԡ
յ֮Щ£㲻Ҫȥ룬ѻþˡ


˾գཫеǳջǵ˰Ȩ
һƵ˵
Щͳ˧֧Ҳ֧ǵõรǣв㽫붼ǷԵģЩв㽫һֱҲڼ沢أڼ沢أЩǶ˰ģһҪ˰Ǿ̳Ϊ˰󻧣͢ĸǵʧԣǾǾţһëѽ
ƃҲü¿ɻ治ð죬ЩСӡֵܿҹҡ
ģڳȨǳҲߣЩ׹ݿ϶ȥ
ɫⲻðҲðȥѽѾ䲼ջȥܻᵼΣ´ңҶˣʲô̸ˣôһѹסЩˣڼǶڼҴţھУǽеϵʿģֻҪھУƾͿԿס¾µЩǲڣȥҥ£ŪЩʿ
һͳ˧׷׵ͷ
Ҳ̫ںһ˰ǮںǹҪֻҪҰǵͿԵõ̡

ߵһլԺڡ
磡ԽǱҹңϣܹ֧ǣԳ͢ոհ䲼üͷ
һǷԵ˰ֲ˰ɹˣǿ϶Ҳòʲôô
Ƶ˼Ǹô
ЦɽۻǶ˰Ҳɣ׹ݶ˰ǿҲûʲô˵ġ

й
Ůºտͱˣ
˷ܵ
ﵭ˻
ϵû˵ôԽĴϵ׼ԺյҸˡ
üһ壬Ҳ˵ôڼ価ҪЩ˽Ӵ
̾ôûģɶûˣǱߵܾ֮ܲɣңһѵĻᡣ
һЩˣܹʲôȥ֮󣬽Źʵˣκ˶Ҫһ粨ܿͻȥġ

¡
ǲŸոհ䲼ôôп
ƽһĿŸոյĴС
һЦ䲼֮󣬺һֱЩҲ红һҲ֪ģֻ
ƽٺʲôģ
е˺˵棬վ˳ҪջسҲһЩ
ЩȻûɶȨЩȴͷ۵ģ̫Уֲǳ޼ɣǲŸոζãʲôûС
ƽһЦǺӦԵģ
üպһ㶼ģһֱæ»¡
ƽЦ㻹û͸޶ҶѾˣЩԣκʱ䲼ǲܳɹģΨʱڣһɹģ̫谭
кΪʲô
ƽٵΪ̶ʮأ͢Ѿδϴڼܵ˷ǳصĴʼ̫ʥΪ̫ӣӶκ̩ȫҰ֮󣬳޼÷Űһһ׹ݣ㡡Ѧ򳹡ڣȵȣɶû⡣⵹޼ɣйڳеҲȫûʣļڱ߽ͬʱһݣаʺǵ
󣬺մ˷ֽʺҲȫҰһʣ֮еļȫˣЩѾһϢĿǰڻָĹУҲκη紵£˭ðͷǸĿǰзͷԣ⣬⺫պɻбº˾ǵ֧֡ԽŸջãеֻԼŸ¼䣬ǲκη˵ģΪû˭ΪڳзԣԺյ
ѹֺһҲ£ԭһ˼ĵͷֵ뵽һʲô𣿡
ƽ۵ˣ


1854 С
Щ׹ݵƵ߶Ӫһַգܶ˶Ϊ˵ģҸողŴΣ߳ô뵽һΣ֮Уÿеǳƣ
ΨղκӰ죬ϸִԼļƻ׼׼

ддЩǵС֮ʱߣ£ջسʱȴֺǣƣûһԸվ
ʢԽǷǳŭվš
ǰȥϵЩ˵ʱ򣬸ظ֤֮Ū󳼶һЩš
ǳףǹиƨã࣬ڳгѹʵ۵⣬Ȼٶ̣˭ᣬֱߵ˭ǣûԸ࣬һƬĬҶæʵ־ɳǣŽһģЩˣҲʵʵ£ֲ֮Ǻܳ㣬û˭͵
˵Щ˿סģ˰Ǽɣһոǵ˰
һֱĬĺԪͻȻҪ֣ҵܹ⣬֣û⡣
ʮһ壬⻰Ӻ˵⽭ɽɶҵģҵ˽˰˵ҪҵͷϣҪ֣¼仹˭Ὣҷ
Ԫһۣίٴܹù㶼˰ûӣ»˰ôҲͲ룬ΪʲôҪӦ˰ǳԼҲ˵ˣ⽭ɽҵģǾӦñκ˶ϧ⽭ɽҪǽɽûˣ˵˰סҲŸովһΣǷǧծвұؽҡȨȡѽΪ˹ҺãֻйҺãǲܻúáôǳԵĵô벻ء
һþ÷ǳΡ
ΪʲôԸ˰δϣƽȣôܣô϶ȨףԼѡҪԸԸ⣬ȻǲԸ⣬˭˭Ը⣬ûа취Ҫǿˣʲôûˡ
ȻһˣǼòãδܹúãҪĺģҲӦ
Щֻ뵽Լ棬ΪټĹңǲżˣδǼ˽˰ܹùʢǾ;ǳġ
Ҳ룬Ҫǲ˭ִ
ͨ죬ڨڨʮһ壬㡪ô˵
Ԫκߵҿ㳤󣬻֪ƢԣҪײǽݡһԣɼҲʲô谭
ǹؼڣĿǰ˭Ҳγɲ㹻⺫յǳûеɵĴڣǸɶһδϴ˭ҲԸԼʣôһҵףһƴǹ¤ţʲôţѾûٳκεʧܣЩȻڣûһŵġ˵ףҲ˰ѣŶԼһСôûҪȵԪָ֮ٿ
⣬Ҳûγɷǿ϶֧޲߶Ҫ˰̽׼Ҳֺ֧գйٶѾƫ˺գǶҲ˰ںӡ˰ǺҪôǲ·ҪôǳŵʳøһЩ
ǳ֮⣬һȺΪǵˣΪԼǶôҪ

ϣĿǰȺͺ¿ɨ΢΢Ц֪λʦŰݷãΪ£
ȶµķʦóһŴձһڵĴձݣģ
յͷȻǵģʲô𣿡
ʦЩ£ǷǼ䲻Ȼ֮ҲһЩʧ֮ˣȺ֮ˣˣôдƫȫ֮ӡ
ΪʲôҪ˰ջרôձһ£Ͼɱͷǳ⣬ܵøͽһѽ
˵ҲǷǳֱӣ˴ŷ̵Ļӣ沢أū۰ա
Щͺ¿ҪѽǶûȥˣ㻹ȵһң̾ˡ
һǸʦѽһ㣬˼룬޶û˯þұյģָ˭˭˭˭˭˭ᣬ沢պ͹ҵأ÷Ϊӣȥū۰գı˽֤ݣҲſڿӡ
ֻУм̵˼棬ȨžգȻλʦĨ˷̣λʦҶԴбǸɣ⼸ٷһڴձʽǵǸҵգЩȺ֮гάλʦɷ񣿡
ȿȿȣ
δ䣬һҵĿֻµĻʦȵͨ졣
ЦЦʦ㻹ðɣ
һǳɫģģĸι
˵꣬ձʦ̸£˽ǵȳԷʱ̸ɡ
׽һȥɡ
һΣˣҪΪԹǷ¾Ͳý˰Ϊ¿ɲͬЩǿԸԼѡжٹҿԴл󣬿Ƿ¿ɲôҪ㿪ţǷ޷󣬹ʴ֮ǰ͢Ź涨ÿɮҲģɮûʸ񣬶ңý˰գǷοȥ
ỹãᵽ磬ոһӻרŽЩûصյɮ˵ݣȻ͢ҪأвٰΪ˱˰ѡңһ˵ôߴϣؼ˶ȥɮˣ˭ṩѽ
ֱͷǷǳ޳ɴʦ˵ģ¸ǲһġǸгжˣӦǸͽľȷɮ˵Ķ١ȥճΪɮ˼ҳҲһڷȥģĻûûǾ͵ý˰Ļǲý˰Ƚظ͢Ͳ˰пĹ涨Ǯɲڼ˰ķΧڡ
̵̫ʥϵô涨ҲΪƳ̣ôǴ̫ʥ֮⡣
ЦʱҲû̫ɮᣬļ沢أ÷µȨȥū۰գգҪûЩ͢ô˰ⲻڳ͢ڷС˵̫ʥҲƳ̣Ǿط˼룬Ǻܶɮ˸ɵö֮£˵Ҳûʲôɲ̫ʥƳġձд˰ֻΪ֮̽ףΪѾΣ˰գǷе£Ҳܣ˺գǾǲС
˵վһΣ͢ôΪ˴ѹ̣ҲΪ˴ѹκνɣΪ˹ҵķչ͢ǻ棬̵֧֣Ҿ䣬͢ҲӵġȰλһ䣬̵֮Ƿ˼룬ΪƸءū澲ǵ֮ǾԶˡ˵Իƽȡ˶˰Ϊʲôǲ˰
ȷһۣΣһȻ뿪ˡ
Ȼܶ塢׹ݶз˼룬Ҫ֪ڸ桢̫ʱڣ̺͵̾ͶΣշ̶Ӯ˵̣̲ܹƳչ˼֮ò˼룬ǵ棬վȥôùգĸӣĻսЩ¶ǲҲðǲƤҪЩͽҲΪǳͷΪЩѱƳ̣˶Ұˡ
ûʲôʿҺۣȻƳΪ̣棬һֱûʲô̫⼸ȡúܴͻƣ⣬Ƴĵʿ붼Ǳ׷ϣȻƻʵֻۣҪʵǻʲôֵ߯ˣĻǮö졣
ţҲǺ
Ƿǳ˼󣬾С߽յʮ˴Ǳʵʵ
ȷʵǺˣ޼ɡ帮ڣЩѵԾʾô
ңͨնǳ֧֣Ϊڰģ⣬лȷ͹ҲǿļˣǸһĿĹˣε͹⣬͢Ҫռֵ֧ȵʱ䲼ʱҪöࡣ
ЩԵ˾͸Ӳ̫ţһûʵûģ۶Ǳƿţ⻹ҪǿгͷǸûʲô
֮⣬ڵսΣڼ䣬һͨݣ㣬һϣͶ˴ĿĴĲȱԼмֲ뻯¹ȻλҾͶһˣҲƶԭƥΪƥܹȡǳԭƷ
ҪٶȽѶϢطϣȻЩطһҲνҵߣصЩҵĵˣЩطѶϢʱ仹ǱҪĶࡣȻӹĿ֧ͷѶϢǮһǮԻǳĻر
һҵȽϷĵֵ֧ԶԶ߹ڱϣ˵صģԵ÷ǳͻΪܶһΣУ񹤣ЩǾ֧ģΪûصˣ˰ûɶϵǽؼ沢ˣǾ͸óеô˰̫ƽˡ
صĵҲܿģΪ͢ǵغϷԣһǰʾǰһУ̣͢һҪ֪ܶǣ沢أ˽ҲôЩ˵ȻᷴԣЩҪԵĴһûҲֻܱš
ңĳ֣ӿ˵ũƶȵ߽⣬Ϊʵǲ̫ˣȣũپ˰ĵũǲҪ𣬻ø˰գ͢Ĺ涨ֻݵ˰ڵ͵ũԼУ˫óеһӡ˰صӡ˰ָߣõũ͵ܲˡ
ȽӶƾͻ࣬Ϊ˵ӡ˰ǳ͡
ټϵѸ͵ӣҶǺϷأǰСũģʽҲ治ȥǱȻҪӶƣҲǺռƻзǳҪһũҪҵֻǳҵũ廹СũãôũҵƷתСũ׷Ը㣬ʳţǾû㹻ʳӿгûũƷΪгҲչ
һѪȷ磬һĿľҪЩԭʼۣʱɼʱǷǳģĻǲܿٵʱۡ
ͬʱҲʱۣũܵ񹤣ΪṩԴԴϵ
ǽµ䣬ʣļֵ˳ũ̫̫࣬٣ΪҵķչҪҲˣɴкһ¡
ձϾ˵ĴȻǸӵ飬źգҲǳֺ֧գʽ䲼֮СгĴгĵ棬¿ţӪķ٣ȻǼĿǰ֧ôгǶܺõ֧֡


1855 ֹ
лУﻹǱ˶ѾˣΪһΣƲչˡ
ͬʱҲðһµˣҲµҵ
һµ濪ţȫµҵµöһЩ˿
ʦ
ڸֱϵһ¥ǰվŲˣͷڸ¥ϵƣг
ʦʲô
ʲô
һͷˮ
ӣǲ
ʦԶԶԣȥȥ
ãã
ĹӸ缷Ⱥȥ
⼸֡ɳǵȳĹӸǡ
ǸոǰͼһʮӴг
ߴ磡ϲϲ
֡Ǽæֵ
Ǹ߳£٩ĵճӣҲʦˡ
ˣ룬롣
ֽ֣߳뵽ڡ
װǷõװ꣬ķıڵ룬һַǳרҵĸо
Ӵһ˭ˣԭǼСˡ
ǰŵһ˼ˣЦ
Ҳڰ־ϲ
ǿСӣʦҲ̲Ϊԭ򣬱ˡ
ʦָŸ߳µġ
߳Цûϵܣɾûǵʦ
ʦöʱջһ˵⡭ǺСô
֣һӰ
߳һ͵ܣƭ㣬⵱ȻС⣬ʼϵܽҰҵȥҺС̵ġ
Ҳ˵ǺСǿģ
߳µͷ
һʦǸɶġ
߳ڽͣӣ̵Ǯ󷽡ļסǰء
߳£ζӳ£ǰУǷǳģǶûʸأұͬУ˵ζǳӭҲˣܲ׼ɡ
һͼǮһЩС˽
ʦЩˣЦҲЦͿҲ޲˵һ˹ֺѣһʱ仹Խܡ
ЩΪٵĹӵڣȥǮǹǵһջǱȽǢû˵ǳΡ
˵˼ǮҲǳòģҲʹϵģʲôǼȻ̤̽磬ǾһģҪάԼıƸǾͱѽ
ˣߴ磬㻹û˵ʦǸɶģһѹ󣬺Ȳʵ
߳ЦǵкܴĹϵ
˻ֺ
߳µӡ˰ӦҲ˽ˣӡ˰ǽԼģǾרŸ޶Լġ
Ƶ׬ǮôǵԼһֱԼдġ
ԼдȻҲǿԵġ
߳ЦŵͷһתǽԼǰԼҪ࣬ףٸҲԼΪԼõܿܵ¶ԼʧǮԼӰԼöȣһЩԼȽ⣬ñ˵ӶԼֶ͹ԼƶȣЩܹӵɷ֤
˵˶٣ʦţλ͵ܣ¥ϵļλ֣̲Ϊ٣ɷ˽⣬ҲоıȽ͸ǿԸǵ޶Լ֤һЩҪ鷳
Ǯһʵ
˶Լ˵ôԼͱϽܸǰһһ仰ˣǺԼΪڴҵԽԽ󣬺ĿҲԽԽԽԽӣ͢ԼΪ׼һ©ʧǾ޴ģרҵʿṩҪࡣ
߳¼ǮһСҲһҵϸĽһ飬һ־ǸһģŸǮ̾Ͱ޶Լһ־ǩԼΪλֻҪɷ飬ͳͳ
߳ҪҲǸǮǽֺʽ
⵱ȻǺհǳ⣬ﶮЩ
ڼ۸񣬶Ǻհǳ⣬ǳһ㶼
ʲôеǶǴۿʼģһʼͽ۸񶨵ĺܸߣ˼Ҷûпʼ˽ǵǵƣͻᱻǵļ۸ܣô
ԭǮ󷽻治ҪЩؼǰҲûУǾ߳ôһ˵̾;Լ̫Ҫⷽİ
߳»ûк߳Ҳû
ı仯ʹҵĵ󣬲еĹӦֻǺѾǰ뵽ˣǮ󷽲ȻԼҪⷽİ
ЩСͬνû˻Ϊȥ浽ٸǴͬأ⻹ֻΣؼ͹ӡҪȥЩǷǳͷ۵ģǿɶѽ˵ӡ˰ӡ˰вͬ˰ʣʲôףҪɶ˰գȥЩǷǳѵġ
ңҲȱ˲ţ⾫ͨɷģ˭ȥǸɻѽ
Ȼ߳ǿɶǳ͢ģ˼ǰȻǸտţ˶֪רҵʿ
ҪǣǮ
Ǯ󷽺ܶġ
ֻǸոտʼʦϢܱ֮ߵ˶ѯʣЩ̣в˵ǩԼмźɽŶǩԼȻǶǵļҲⷽ˲š
ȻֻһȫµеҲԤʾ᲻Ը㣬·ֹÿ˶Լó£˱ɲ
һ߳һڲ趼ûкȣ۵ǹǺ
ۣ
ʦͻȻһ
ʲô
߳ʵ
ʦһڣҷż򵥵£ЩͷЭ鶼ܹɵĻһյ룬ѾͻٹǮӡ˰Ǿ͵ýǮѽ
ļٵģ
ͬ¼˹
ʦͷԼĿǿ˿
ۣԭеô׬Ǯ
ǸǾȵ춼ϲ£ȻʦǼģʵǶǱ߳¸ģѰ˼Կû˵׬ٶǮΪԼ֪ô棬˵ЩҲǺմڵģɾôһ˵Ǯˡ
Ҫ֪Ǯɱǵٺ»ˡ
߳ЦǺǵ֪Сı˰ɡ
ʦľګõͷʵǰа
ʱһ˽ӣүˡ
߳Ŷһæӭ˳յſڣͼ٩ź˽

߲
߳¡ʦ˼ǰ
٩׼պ·Ǿһ
ձһۣһӲ죬ѾȥǱ߽°࣬˸סȻǸ٩Щͳ˧֧֣ǴȥҲûа취ܾ
ˣôôһ˶ûУ

ٹᣡ
٩յ۶֮󣬶ʱľѾԽǮʶ
ûм棡
һԣŲ裬Сıĵ
߳¿գֵȫָ㡣
ЦҲֻܰﵽ֮͵ÿԼˣǮҲô׬ƽ֮£ûΪǮõ˶٣Ǿͱ븶٣ʦһڱǸɵúã˾ͻԽԽ࣬Ҫһ׮ˣǿܾǻĴ漰ɷҪǷǳϸģκ¶˼Уһ֮Ǿ֮ѽ
ǣĽ̻壬ҵȶġ߳¡ʦ֡
٩Ȼѹ룬΢ָһ£׬ô࣬Ҫָһ£ǻˡֿգգȮǲŸոǺܶβָһ¡
Ȼ߽ڣܾܾء
ˬĵͷֵⷲ¿ͷѣˣȻĿǰȡòĳɼⶼΪǵĳãԼ֮ǰڳ͢Աԭڿ϶ãۣǮ׬ɰԶ˽Ǯ
ʦһΣףΪʲôձСȴţֻվš
Ҫ˵ǻû·յҪһ㣬Ҷ֪㣬϶ţҶ֪ʦȻҲܴɹһõĿʼǵһӦýԼƹȥ
٩æ֪ϴձ
˵òЦŵͷ⻹˼ô˽⣬ʦô¡ҽΪṩɷѯǹԼģղ֣Ѱǣôն̣ö֮ҾͶ֪ʦҲ֪ǸʲôģȻѵģǸɵúãնǣڱˣȻᴧǮ
߳ý˼
ôˣûս԰վſǱȥ˵֮Ҫסһ㣬׬ҲܹܳǷ׬øࡣ
л
ոջع߳£յлֺѾ߳ȥˡ
Сӣ٩ײˣﰵ
⣬վȥǱ߿ֵָż챻˸ˣаԾȣⶼ°࣬ôô࣬ĪУܼҵѽ
ΪŮˣֻƵԺȥ
еһ룬һ˦˫ӭƣһ۵ı顣
ռæֺС֣
磡
ܵܣգʱһϲ
æʵôһ䣿
ܵ̾˿˼ҶæĺܣһУûɶ
յСּôУ
ǿſˡ
ܵʮѹҴӽ̳ӲȫѾˣһ·ϣҲ֪øɶˣ֪Ҷڽ쿪ţҲӦڽſţĻҾͿԸһ֡һֵܰˣ˼ҵĵ涼ǳ֣׼̳ӲѾ˸һգûʲôûҵ֮УԴ˺ܺڡ
Ҫտţ˼һɱ㡣һųĵֳŭϰԵסĲӣ˵Ӳװƻô
ϣϣ磬ûװѽֺܵǺǵغ
ɿı֮ɫˣСҰأ
ܵ̾ȥӱˡ
ôȥ
СҰǽȥò׼ȥܵϴ
ѡ˷ˣûѡֵܡ
磬ôǲû
ȥġյҲ뿴ò׼ȥ׼ȥ
ܵգգۣȻԴбźա
ôңܲˡһֽƵһȥˡ
ֵܵúǺֱЦ
ֵܶ˾̨ϣһûһţֱ´Ӹ߳ձС֡
ˣ
˹ȥ
ºôأ
Ȼؼҵġ
նδ˵ߵļͬ
չЦҵĺ֪ǣ̫ˡ
֪ǣ
ЩŮ˶ʱߺ졣
һ㶼⣬ȤǾǲԣȡ裬ǶӮôҲǺյĵ
ǼһȻתǱȥ
Цҡҡͷյôæпҡ
˵ˣֻǸҵѣæҲѽ
һƨϣֺҿһҪæ
̾ЩٵĸŪռҵӶùŮҲó׬Ǯֱֲ̫Ǹֿš
ͣ˶ˣΪ͢ǮֻܹţʵҲǮ͢ôԱܻ޹ؽҪĲţ˵ײǮô½ɷеǮ˽Ǯø¿š
ԭˡ
յͷ£ǺǵٸݣⲻϣôһֵĵλһˮǴߣٳĸŮڸ֡
°һֻۣ׼ƭң׼ƭ㣬ûȤ
˵ţǱȥ
û˵׼
ռæ׷˹ȥµ֡
һЦһĸл帮ҪôǸֵĵλҲôҪ
̾ϧ˾ҪˣҪҳ־һ㿴Σ
бĿһɣɱڡ
մ˸ЦЦôܾȴʵǲҪˣĻҷǾȲɣ帮ΪĶѽ
ºߵ帮ˣӦǧУʬ
ǣֵŶһϢСַѾӦٹǸ֡
üһ壬˼С׬Ǯͦ׵ģֳ˼ңôǮҪʲôǮ
ռˣ˼Сڿ׬ǮҼһ𣬿ûСǮУܾͱˡ춼ڷ֪νôǮȥҲǮֵģңֻһٹᣬұԼ٣ӷǵҪٹᣬҿס
µΪЩô
ɲô
û뵽Сô׬Ǯ
⵱Ȼ벻㵱׻׻̻壬С־Ǯ֣ڱѽ
һЦźյĸ첲㻹Ϲֻ࣬ǽ֣ı£ɶ̵ġ
ЦҪСֲ֣Ҳûн֮ɾ͡


1856 
ǻˣ
ա¸ոջصͼһλٸӭ˳ѩ
һôڼң㲻˵ѧԺҪô
ѩһ̾ұôģΪѧԺҲѣܽҲһѡ
Ǯ
š
ѩƲ죬ͷ
Цɵҷ
ѩʵǮĻҲһЩٶǮҲǳ֮ƣϣܹøĺӶ顣
˵붼ԽԽģʼϣһʦƹѧԺøĺܹĿ֡
µ⻹ǵҷ
ҡҡͷռ£һֱŬΪҷ֮£ҵ壬ڷѩ壬ŲһģǷѩֻҵһֶѡ
˵ţѩѩԼûʲô뷨𣿡
ѩҵһ뷨Ҳ֪ɲУ
Ц˵
ѩһŶӣרȥ˵Щ˾ǮѧԺ
վϲǳѽ
ѩʵҲѧģѧԺôɵô
հڰ֣Цֻ˳ƶΪʵҲһ潻ģǸݵʱľģʲͬҪһרҵģܹɹǽǷǳ˲ĳɾͣΪܹӰ쵽档
ѩȵô
ЦȻ֧ô
ЦҲ֧㣬ֻ˵˵ҲҪǮ
һֽѩ˹Цû£Ҿϲ˵
ѩһЦ֪⣬˵˭Ҳ˵㣬˵ı̫ˡ
յѩôôң㿴£˵ҾʹӦˣ˺ܺ˵ġ
ΣΪº˵յģȴ塣
˵Ƿɫջ󣡺ίӺòá
⻰䣬ź˵ôڰ
ѩ̧ͷһæĵ㡣
ա»عͷȥֻԪĵ˽
¼ֻһˣʵǳСأôûиһ
Ԫĵҡͷεôвء
ЦԪұȷҪöడҲãǼܹú졣
Թҹ֮һĿڿɳϣڣա̽ϲװꡣ¸ѩһߣ§Ԫĵһߡ
£ǸֲǽտôΣԪĵһȲ裬ʵ
ֵ̽˵һ飬ֵ֪̣ɷԸСŮʩԮ֣
û˾Ҫ˵ӣʲộô
ԪĵԸ
ߵ˵ӣֻǸӲϲ
ǵҲǡ
յͷֳԪĵˣǾͰλСŮӰɡ
Ԫĵһۣ⻹ÿ㣬ֻܽౡ֮
΢һҾǳĹҵûеʣĵزгӦܹЩ񹤵Ůˡֻ⻹¹滮һ£ǸֵýЩŮ˷࣬ǶóһЩʲôԼҲ࣬ҳһЩʺŮ˵ĹҲܼаš
Ǿô˵ˡϲ
Ԫĵʵˮ֯оô
ԪĵҲ˵£ˮ֯о棬ѾȡúܴͻƣΪɴ֯кܶƵĵطͬʱҲ˸⣬ִľͷ죬Ƿǳ׻ģҪøұ켼޷ģֻԪϣܹ͢׼Աߣһרڶұ
ҡҡͷʱܣݲŸոձĻȣټϱϻ˲HȲ壬ұͶ켼ǿھ棬һй¶ˣǳ鷳ġ
Ԫĵⷽļ̫ˣĽҲֻǽʡʱ䣬棬޷ӻȡø󡣡
µԪ׬ôǮ㣿
Ԫĵҡҡͷɲ㣬ԪҲôˣԪҿһ֮䣬ͻشΣûǴǱǰ棬ӵдģĻܵʱչʲôԪҶܹڲ֮أΪҲҪļ
ЦԪѾҵµó·
ԪĵͷϵѾҪͶ̫ĽǮԪҴ㽫Ǯļ档
˼ΣʵҲһҪݽ죬ЩúҪ˻ԭģҾǿݡݽⷽ
Ԫĵ˼
һĿ죬һЩ£˵һЩԣһЩ⣬ɴ˿ɼڷҵı仯ѾӰ쵽ķ棬Ҫ£ҲǱܲġ


֪ҵǰʲô£
ʷһƨŹʮ㣬Ըӭĺʵ
ԻƃѦʹ󡢸٩ʷһͳ˧佫ҲûףԼ
յģǻϾҪȫµĻھ棬Ҫλæ
ƃͷ£ڽô
Ц֪ӡ˰棬شòҲҵĳŵ棬ֲʿǡ˵ţߵһСɡ

һͼС
ֻżǳСӡ
ȫµĻô
ƃϲ
յͷ
úտڣҾͶһ˷ǰǻǲֽѽ
Ѧʹȵȫ˶øĻֻ
յǵȻ
Ѧʹ͢ô໧ô
ЦѦδҲ̫СһУ͢Ҫʲôٸ͹ȫԸǴ´ġ
Ѧʹԣֻ˼ѽ
ҪֻһֽǴ´࣬⻧һСӣǳľһƹõĶ˳Ѿˮ͢ҲǣƷķʽȻǷǳġ
ҵŪһ
ƃϲ
΢΢üֻûѲǮɣ
ЦҪǰȻǲܵģĻֻҲʲô⣬ֻȡöȫµֽźȫµӡˢǳã𺦵ĻһֻҪһҪġžһĻ
⻧

յͷǿı棬ǲһӡӡ
İ
ʶİǴƾΪϤı
յͷһָӡרŰ䷢ЩΪսĽʿʿǽҪ˵УӡڻϣҾս˵Ϊҿ
ͷǳ⻧Ҳǰ֣ȷʵǳľǸӡİŶȻ𾴡
ƃԼЩĿ϶ͬɡ
ⶼһ
յ¾Ľʿһͬǣעȹ֮λϣλܹϧеϵ˵˭˭˭ĺˣֻܹͱһĲֵһжûκ壬ҲǶЩȥΪҵĽʿĲ
ԵͷϷ˼Ҳϸġ
ƃҲͷʾ֧֡
һȺͳ˧Ǵ˼ʮ̣Ϊ˶ԺǱͷǳһ㣬ҲϲЩҴƴ£ľЩųСġˡǵȻֵ֧ġ
ֵֻһźţʾ͢ڽʿǵӣ⣬͢һЩʵԵĶ֮ǰ˰λǶΪ˸˺ܶ࣬ϧԼ棬ҶԴĻмұΪһЩʲô
ʷǿɶŵġ
٩ǶЦ
ҪǱˣǻϡλܹﵽǵˣǲ࣬Ψգó˼Ҿϲ
ǱǸøλõˣ΢΢һЦֵȻһȷ̹ʲô֮󣬵ҲֻΪѧԱãʵﻹΪȮӵļҪ࣬Ϊ֮䣬кܶƵĵطЩڹģ붪ҲֻЩ֮ûȥչ;˷Լ츳
λĺٲҲȥҪһǿǵĺȴƽһҪѸľЧãԳ͢ὨһǳľѧԺרǵĺܹʸȥ̳ǵҫ̳ǵһУʤŴƣΪҽҵ
һɽû뵽
ðΣƃͻȻЦߵԣһļϣЦСӣ治ǲ֧㡣
ղۼİǿ֣ЦңңʵҲøлҵƃǣһΣУŷǳı֣ҲҿǴǸĸ̳Ҳͳ
С̫˵ˡ

һͳ˧ĴЦ
ƃͻȻһתգȻĲҾûƽ
ЦҺܶ¶òƽ
ƃ£漴ֶ£ǿɶ֪ģҼҶҲиڼҡ
ʷͷԶԶԣò
տ٩߽㲻˵ô
٩ҿ˿ԼǳĻȦӿܶ첻ȥˣһӣվȥϸéֱȥ
ۿȻôˣĸƨӰշ°ֳۣƃ·ָˣǾͲ«ưôȻʦȡóɹǻȻҲɹ

ƃüͻȻ͵һȻᣡзݣ˭ҴȥߺߣݹҲ档
һսĽϷ↪¡վգǳȥ߰ɡ
ǣ
ոæ
ƃߵҪһ԰Ҳѽ

գǳһ
棬ʵ
㶵˾ָǣ
ľѧԺҼǵϲԳˣôͻȻִ㽨һѧԺ
ҲǱȽ˽⺫գ֪ôƲ˵𣬾ҪرǣҲַʽ
յʵҴӾѧԺͻʼѵӪõһЩ򡣡
ޱݵ˻
յѧԺͻʼѵӪ˲˲ţԱǹӵܾӶ࣬ΪǴСͽܷǳõĽѰ˲ӵеġȻһֱΪδսУĻڽԣǷǳҪģսʤܣл漰ܶܶ෽棬ʴˣǵѡ˶Ӳϲϣܹǵ츳ǵҫǾܹĴ
Եͷ
ֵһѧԺǷǳϸģҪǶһѧ١Ҫ󵫷һѧԺҵѧԺһҪ˫ȫˣǱҪȾ߱ȻҵʵҲѾ߱ⷽǵǰ;Ҳ޿ģǾѧԺҪȡ˲š
ĪЩڴ


1857 ۹
ڴֳ۹ԣ̫Ǳڵв̫ƽʢôԶˣʱҪһֽȸУִ۹ԣսǲɱģʴˣһҪǿľǶڣǶ⣬˲ܹάס۹
Ƶ۹ľмҪԴڹײ㣬ԺҲһѡ񣬾ǳ״ƹŵĴͳѡǺ
ԴˣҲ˺ܾãԲǾѧԺǻʼѵӪļ룬Ҳвٵ壬ɼһֱԼصġ
գջѡ˺ߣչȫĺϣϣǾϡ
壬ǹеĹ壬γһǿ

Ѿ䲼ˣôʼǵȻǴӷ»ʼͳƻڣܶ๤չ
ȷȫµĻ
ڷŵĵص㣬е𣬸֣Լķڣⰲöʮ㣬лĸӪ
Ϊûкô죬ֱõԴӡдģ߸£Ժյ˴ĹԱҲûҪ
ңΪܹЧʣսȺѾźˣΪλʿ֯ҲǹٸʷʿΪеһء
գдӿ㣬ȡȫµĻ
ΪУ⻧ÿǷǳģػҲٱ˰ˣ͢ǰĶ˰յģ˰أǾǻĵأȡ»ٸ׷֮ǰǷ˰
ҲӲ졣
С磡

ոЩձ׷񣬲ǺС磬ǳ𾴣ڰյģҺĿǾǾյѾͬն
ҲЦŵͷ
磡
һ£ֻܵܡ滪վڶм䣬֡
ǰȥô簡
ܵܺٺٵҲûɶˡ
װƣ
΢΢һۣʵɣľôû
滪ɣľǷȡ
յͷûǶģȥ
һ¸е⣿
ո棬ͼųеʿǰ˵
ʵʲô£
Ϊһ˵ҼҵĲȡĻôдòǼڣƽ񣿡
ҲһãȻھū澣ĻҪдڵģΪڷ⽨ᣬȼƶȿǷǳϸģƽɾ˵ļģڻһū澶ûˡ
ЦƣʵֻΪάǴƵѡ
ЩһĿźգиƨĹϵ
ּ˵Ҳ֪͢һֱڹóףūг䵱ŷǳҪĽɫҪȥܵôū澰ɡ
кιϵ
Ȼйϵ
յպ˿У÷ǳҪܶ¶ҪóԼĻǴǿĹң涼ǵһڲôƺһ£ǳ͢ɲϣЩ˳ƺǴưΪˣǶҴƵ裬ԣ͢žΪƽֻϵĸı䣬Լô涨ǾģǲҪǣԼΨһзЧӦƾ֤
Щ
ֵλڹڣʲôȼʲôȼһ뿪ԭÿ˴öǴƣѵϣ˿ǴôҲûʲôôֻ͢ϣǴƵƽ߳ȥҲԺǵһ۹еӡ
ЩʿգҲеǼҲʼڳø⼮ʿ򽻵ƵĲܹ氺ͦأǵĵλ͸ˣ˵ǲǵĸûиıġ
˵ǣǵûпǵһ㡣
һ⣬Ļ棬бʿũ̵ģĻ棬ͳһǴƹ⡭ⲻְɡһʵ
һ˵Ĵţ֪ʿˣЦ͢ϸֿ˳Ϊ˵ʿӵܳΪˣǰܶ˵ġң⻧ֻΪ˳͢õĹһǵÿԼŬʿụ̃Ҳܽϰɡ
˵Ļͬ
ǾΪ¾ˣͬ
˵ǹûʣʵģ׼ֻ˵оݣңҲֻһƺѣû˵ʵʲôͻơ
ڹ̡ū澶ԣǼ֣ЩĻǷǳ΢ģó̧ͷ»ȣϾͿʲôͬдҲǼڣƽƺɾҪ߶˴ϵζˡ
Щ⼮ūͶûȡʸΪһɣЩūȫǸ˼һǮģͬû˰ֻǷǵˣôҲҪ
оŮˣŮ˵ĻǶǸģҪɷΪ񵥶ӵжĻոɾǣŮ˶񹤣ҲҪ˰ģҪĻûѽƲûиı䣬ɷϿͷҲһ̶ϣԺܺõͬͬյġ
ʴˣŮȡ»ĻԱ˻ҪߣңҲɴͻԳǸֵҪԣûи֣֪ô
ڳǱһӪ棬ʿҲڼȡµû
ף֣ĻôǵĲһ
İϣôӡȥģƯ
ǺǣҷҲе棬ȥºԭֻˣܻӡİĻ
ϵܣ㶼ûУ
ûС
ûиŪһô
ûС
ֻ治Ҫܹõģ˵ǷǳϸģǼ޵ģ²Сľֻܹཫûõֻ
ļٵģ
Ȼģؽɶûõֻǿ̸󹦳
ֻɶô
ôҲСû˵ǾԻòСĸԽߵˣ⸣Խ࣬Ҫõ⻧϶ǵĸҪõöడ
ʱѽǴƶûмˣս֪ȥ
ϲǻެô
ǳ͢񲻸ެެƣ͢סˡ
ҾܻһսģĵŰɡ


ȶ¡
ǳ˴ƹǲװ
ķϣŸոȡĻǸд
ΪǷǳŵģкܶܶ⼮ʿа˹ͻЩˣǲ˹ͻʶѾ˸ˣĿǰϣʹڲΪһ۹ǵȻϣΪߴߡ
뻧ǱȽϸҪһϵģҪйףмԭ꣬ʸá
ķϣΪڳǳѾʮ˰Ӷˣܿȡʸ
ű˵ϲϲ
ķϣһתͷһϲС磬ôأ
Ȼ˹ŮġЦ
ķϣûҿɲˣ͸Ĳ˹Ů㶼˼ݻȥˣ˵пλɵĽް
չһЦָָϵĻǿһˣ
ķϣµ⻹öС㣬֪ģǲ˹ѾôʳˣҪû⻧Ƕ֪
Щ꣬˹ôʳˣкܶĲ˹˶ӣŮˣΪһ˿ԴܶŮⲨ˹Ů˳Ư֮󣬿ɱҪûˡ
հοƵļ
ķϣͻȻʲôƵãˣС磬һȫµƷר֪ɷ񣿡
յȥרѽǱȻ˸㡣
ķϣµƷͬһƷЩݣ㿴ʱЦ
Ƶʲô죬أ
ķϣºǺֱЦ
ռЦ쳣ΪʵǱװɡ


1858 ɱ
ڴȶתһȦͱķϣȥڳʷסլʵԼҲܺ棬ȻЩ̣ûмģֱ仯ǷǳԵģʱѾɢһԴҲǳڴ
⡭ĪǴ˵еıף
һɫĽ岻Щ̫ȷ
ףһԵķϣ£漴һĴȣϲ֣Ǻ֣ͽбסϣС磬Ҳһ۾Ϳô
ǿ仹ǱѽƽЩͷķϣ£ǳʵùû
ùùķϣµ
Ҳ٣
˲佫еӵĵѾˣҰɣ֪֪࣬ˣˣõù갡ɷġ
Խ˵ԽģҪҪˡ
ķϣ´˴ͻȻӦæС磬ˣù⡭ףոµģ˭ûùùĸ㿴
棿
⵱Ȼİ
ķϣ˹ȥǸף˲
ռգȷףûùһ룬ҪùĸңҾŪ㡣
ķϣִ˹ЦС磬ܹרô
ҪǲܣʲôܣպǺЦе˼ʲôģ
ķϣµǸäԹֲܶϣä֪ɶģȻԽԽð
ǣǣͦģյͷ˵Ժɫ֮⣬ȸ࣬Ҫǲܶ࣬Ҳһ۾ͿѽʵʵսΣ
оǳãķϣһ㿴ϸߣһˣ㣬ֻҪ̫ңһǲģԷֹʲôҪҪܹרĻһٸĽһЩ֤ټҲġ
յһԵô
һԣ
ֻһΡ
ҵȻҲ룬ǿҲôɵķϣµҲѽһξˣǶϧС
Եģüѽ
ϴɾа
ϴ⡭
նʱðһͷ亹Щûܡ
ķϣȴȻⲻ͸·һô·ѵһξͶô
һô
Ȼһѽ˵Сɣʺڿ棬ǻһЩҲϴôѵأ
ôһ˵Ҿͦеġ
еɣǡǲ֪Сר𣿡
룬ԹŴټϸäǮҲˣһʹãȷʵȽݳôһ㣬һǿԣ˶ð£ҲҲ˵ÿζǳȥģļֵڡ
ķϣ¶ϲɫֵС磬Ҳ㣬ɲҷģǲ˹ǱʹùҲ˲ٸĽǱߵĿǺúܶܶࡣ
޷ûоˡʼ磬ֻҪרڴƾֻ׼һһǱ߻ܹܵǣҪĺãǻýȥǱߣ׬Щʳ˵Ǯ
ķϣԣʱϲѣܳڣǱг˵ô
ֵȻҲΪ˷ֹòôӦûһķʽҾ͸гֵ
ķϣͷǣһ濼ǵġ
Ҫ㿼ǣ㶮ʲô㿼Ǿˣרҵʿñ˵ҽ
ԶԶԣлСָ㣬һȥʵġ
ķϣձ٣ӲŲ⣬Ŷġ


ձϾ״ηµûôȻر
˵ͦܰյƳ磿
ڰϣ˵նǳӻԾȡ»ɫ
е£˷ҪǼյĸӵ˵˰԰ȻƳ
ԣʮֺȻ԰Ϊʲôǰôأ
ۣȴ֪λش
Ц£ܼ򵥣һ֮УһǮʲô£ҪһУһǮȻǷǳѵġ
ˣͷֺΪʲôܹɹأ
е£Ȼڳȡ˲ķ죬ɹܶ䷨ųɹĿʼʧܸգǻŷǳѣǻܵġ
ǵطϣ·ڵط϶С谭շⶨһ־սΪںܶУҼȻȨƣΪʲôҪɱƽҪ˰գǻѰ©
ʵǳ͢Ӧأ
Сʲô⣬ᣬ⣬ҲͦĵĻشΪҲǷǳõġ
ӵάɷǾƲΥɷһΪĳΥɷô͢վסţЩȨͻһӵϣ䷨˶ʧܵģֻҪ͢еһзôȻû˸Ҵɷ
յȴѵģҲīسɹ棬Ȼһ־սô䷨ҲӦһ־õı䷨ҪݾƵı仯ڱʱЩ˾ѰҵͺñսսһǧΣҲʧܵģΪᱻƽ֮ߣʴˣǶսһɲ䡣
òüΪ䷨һӵ£û뵽һʼѶں档
Ц£֮ǷǳƽģҪõ٣ͱ븶٣ӡ˰ܹΪϵ룬ô͢ҲøŬ
ôࣿ
۾
յͷ⻹ǳ㡣
Ϊʲôôأ
յΪŴؼ˵ƵĻǰ˶˰˶ûжأȻ뾡취˰Ļһ굽ͷֻΪ͢ɻӡ˰䲼֮ЩҲ˰ģΪֻҪ˰ǻٳɶ࣬Ҹ˻ɸ˰ʵҪģֹ沢һ沢ҲΪ˲ƶֻʵѾ֤޷ֹ沢أһѡԼ沢أǱҪɸ˰
˰⣬ҵһ飿
յ˵
ӡ˰һʳɣɾڼ㣬βֱջأ
ɣջңͻҡ
Ըꣿ
յ͢ջҵĻôϵĻƱػ⣬»ҽȱҵļֵͻߣͻһǮᣬũĲǻңʳ趨ʮǮ˰ʮǮԹһףǵȵҽȱ֮ʱͿʮǮʮףڰնԣֻҪһףܾҪʮףǷǳµģʴ鷳һ㣬Ҳô
ͷ֮Щͷ˴
Ц޷޷ǿڡ
˼ԭ滹ֲô˵ҿ벻
Ц£ܹ֮뵽Ϊ꣬Ǿ߳ģ¶ۻ飬Ȼܹ뵽
εĳǺհ˵飬ḻ
һ㶣æ֣ҷ㣬רԼԣٹʮ꣬ҿܸ㲻Щ¡
֣ͻȻ˵ӡ˰ǵýͭǮ⻹ǻᵼͭǮĽȱ
յԳܽ͢Ҵţ취óȥñ˵ԱǿԽеٺ»ȫһɻңԱ͵ȥͭȻг
ʽܵǹԱǰõٺ»ǳ͢ģŻңô͢Щô죿
ЦǾͲѽֻΪĶرգЩҪôȥطҪôǲɢȥ
֪ŵŸոհ䲼ڽԱٺ»ƣǲ̫һ㡣
յȻڣ˳͢Ҳûлңҷԣ䷨һ־ս


1859 һ
ʵκ£׷һλںܳһʱڣ䷨һ˵ȫڴΪһ䷨һһ־սҲһᷢìܣǼġ
ڻ䷢ͬʱǱҲʼӡˡ
ΪĵݣҲΪʵĵط
ȡȫ»ˣԼҵĵȥָطӡ
Ϊ˸õĽӡ˰ִȥṩרŵĵֽţȫдҲΪ˹淶Чʿ϶ûкô죬æһʱҪࡣ
Щ̫ӡΪһӡ͵ýЩ˰
ֺ£һ޹ˣ͢ĽضջȥǾ͵òʧʴˣǻǼ䲻Ըӡ

ӡڸѽ˸ʯ˰ͱ˶ʮʯ
һȫµĵǰţζӳѽ
һ˰ʮ֮ࡣ
Ҳ֤ӵǧĶأһʲô
ĶһʯĻһǿһǧʯ룬ȴֻҪɶʮʯ˰գеζӳ£ɼʱҲûʲô𣬶һǮǾ͸ҪƵãʱǱɵģǵҲûкõȥһ֮ѡ
һ˵ϸ磬ͱίˣ㿴˼Ԫҽɶ˰
ԪңɲǰԪңԪҪԶԶش룬ǿɾͿسԷѽ
ǲƽѽ˽ôһ˰ȴôࡣ˵˵һضûУ˵˰ýɡ
㵹ûһأбӡ˰ԼɶҪ˰ģ˵˰ɱǶˡ
ǮǼһ𣬿Ҳһ룬ĲƸ׵ġ

һʧһеá
ζӳ£ũǻϲأΪ磬Ѱնûжأٶûдﵽ͢׼ǽɵ˰ǷǳӻԾӡģӡ֮Լ˰ֻ࣬δǳϣ
˱ȵũ黹ҪһЩǵ˰ȥģûӡ˰Ǿģкġ
̸ǮĻӡ˰ȻҵչҪ֪ԼΪҵչṩ˼ƶֻεġ

ȵĻ⣬ǡ㽻˰
ǰҽɵ˰һҪȥʣ˰նһԽ˽Ļ⣬վ͸Ȥ
˵˵˰ǺѼģźܶ೤ڵԼԼġ
Ӷֵһȫµҵǻ

ͬʱ˺һأҲڷȫµĻԼʼӡ
ΪͬȾѾ»ӡء
˺һأȳҪһЩǶЩ̫ԸﲻǵǰգȲҪȥӡ
ӡĽǱһϷȦ˶
Ϊ֮ǰЩǶ³͢㣬Σм沢Щغܶ඼ǿڷڹҵأҪٷģɷ棬ôҲǵģӡ֮󣬾ͱҵǾԼģûʲôõĵġ
ʴˣһĴʼģȦأһũׯӡ֮ǰǾѾЭ飬˴˽أǼ沢صʱȮģⲻڹӵеضһ飬һġ
ǵˣǻڼ߼۹յأͬʱ˺ܶĻĵء͢ǹѣĵأ͵ý˰ֶ͢Ϊ
ĵصĶ̫࣬ͷǳЩĵأԼ߼չأҪ뽫Լȫһ𣬶Ǻܶ࣬ͷǳ졣
ǿʼԼĵũ
ũѾȶĺģʽΪѾĹ涨˰ձǵӵеԼϹ涨ũе˰գʲô⣬ߵũˣǵ͵óеƸˣԹӶƲһϵũͬʱֹӶḻũԼׯ԰
ϾƣܶũʧҵЩ̿ŵģϽЩũԣ˽˰ǳ٣͹ı֤һũӿ񹤣еĹģһһ
ΪɹľݺݣǺ޲ýǳǽˣΪļУⶼѾΪģ˭ҽǽˣֻ취࿪š
ݾѾȫΪݵҵͷҵǳ˽ģҵҹ׷̫ˣʴݵչȡԸ֧һΰáʵչҲ⿪ţΪҹĻͻӡ˰ǳ͢û˵ҪչɾһʼһΣ죬죬һ죬ٺǾ͡Ĭˡ
ҲչɴӺֽģװɵ㶣ҲܣҶܣԼŪ˽ҲˣҲʲô֪ɷչ

ݣ
һصһʮܼ꣬ҴڽֵϣƵĲԵЩ룬Ϊ߹İգǶ·Ҵң鿺ܡ
һǲһ
߲סҡͷ
үʲôһǹܼҺ
ߵԼῴô϶ľګɫİȴɫǲŸոմΣ߳һѽ
үôһ˵ѽΪʲôأ
ü˼Ƭ̣ȻһףǴ޾룬ǰ°նܹҵԲǱǿ˸ʢؾô࣬һһͬҲʧȥľûм沢ҲǰһҵȴǴǰδеϣֻҪŬпӵ޾ĲƸЩ󳼶̫̫˽ˣǶŵ࣬ʷţƾʲôҪ׷ֻǳԱůҲǶԵġ
Ǹոݳδʷʦ

ʡ
ĿǰִеӦеĻԼӡϵȵȻҲǳ˳Ϊûг㣬ʴ˿Ҫ꣬ԤƵĶҪöࡣ
ϲõ˵
ԤҪ˳࣬Ҳǳһѽ
ʽܵҷ䲼֮󣬹ٸմ򽻵ԽԽ࣬ңܿܽΪ̬¿һʦҲһһǶһգһٸģûеġΪ͢ҲӦӦԣһЩµùãõʱ򣬰ն֪ȥѯʡ
ʵʲô飿
ʽܵҳʵеʡڻʳ֮ڣԽӴĵΪӦöڻʳֲðնԽӴõȫͨΪѾǲչ˵ô¡ñ˵£䶼ѾڹŵʦҲǶ϶ַǳľסڴ֮ǰҶڼҸأƽʱӴ٣նҹͨ࣬ƱػףĴ¿յΪӦ¡
ǵʽܣһݽɫͽµְȨˡ
ԵͷʵΪأ
ӵ޳ɵĽ飬͢ӦеĹעҵı仯ʱֻмʱսԱִķʽѾӦµı仯Ӧü׼
ĹĿǰҶæʵֽ֦æù
ʽܵҵΪǿԽ˻ᣬһЩı䣬Ͼµ㡣
ĹЩµ㶼һЩ񷿣ʱģҪôĻȵ޽ãⶼҪǮﲦóǮ
֣еҵΪ򽻵񷿷ʵģøûʣֻ°շȴӰ쵽ڵľ񡣵Ľ飬ֻΪ˰գչͨôֻҪáʾУҴӲΪ޽ĸûʣڹԱʲôʹԱ̰ͼ֣ҵ
ʲôԸ˵ʲô֮İ칫ңǼֱСÿǾʲô涼þУ˾˷ѣǼ޽ʲôá
Ĺ౻Щޣϳӣǰǽűģ֣С̫ͣȫӣ˵ǳֱӣûа취СģĹǳί
ǿԲ˼Ǻղܲ˼ȱˣһԣʵ˵öеҲ˵Ҫ˷ѣ޽ɹãѲñ˵ֹãڸ̯ڽֱǿ϶еģҲҪ͢Ǯǡ帮ǵլԺôǵլԺúܣֱþˣҲ˷ѡ
һ仰͸ߴңΪʲôܹ
Ц֮
ʽܵҲ˵޳ɵģ
յҸûʲô»£ǾԼȥɣǲģΪд¶Ҷһǳʹ¡
ҶǺЦնʱࡣ
Ҳּ֪ҪԼдôǲȨҪʲôͨһ֮֮ϡ


1860 仯̻
Ű䲼ãȴһһĽ飬ȥͺǹҼңȫûй滮
ʵȻΪԤеģȷӡ˰ֻȷ˺ģΧģźܶĵطҪı䡣
Ҳɴ˿Կԭһֱ᳹ǲͬģǰһƶѾ
ǱߵǺܿͨˣΪҲϣԶյ󣬵ǻþεĵͷȻʲô£ǱϾƶЩı䣬һ̣ҲǺżĿǰͻΪ
ڹȥһУ͢һ߶ʱģʱͳŲȷԣȷ껧ˣǾͿ԰İԼ¡
ңǷǳؼһ꣬Ϳ˭ܹ֮£ӱΪĸı䣬Ҳ
ÿ˶Ϊ׼
ҡ
磿磬ʲôģ
̵ոջصͼ档
һɡ
Ŷ
̵֮ʵô
̵ѵ磬ؿǴ׬ѾʼӯˣԤеĿɻҪ죬ܶ˶̿ʣȥ濴Щ˼Ҽɶıʡ
ͷ̿ʵרеΣ
̵˷ܵѾͨˣ͵Źˡ
ܺã֮̽ˡ
̵ðûлع硭ʲôأ
΢΢Цûгʲô£ֻҪеľͶ뵽
ЩҲӯѽ
ûʵ󡣡
һӵ̿ʵרȨôȫµİվֻ̿ʣеĲƸǲɹģֻǡչЩԼ͵ļǮչģгָкܶ˶ʱȥܹ׬٣˳ʽǾܲϵ̿ʣзõıʮר޹ȥˣǻǿԶԶǴҶ뿪ģδøҪΪ͢ռдֵҲԽԽ࣬ռɵгѾǲˣûбҪ
̵˼ΣͻȻһƵ磬ʲôʱô
΢ЦҲǴӱѧģ㿴˼Сּţֻ̳ӲˣǳĸмܹСּţ˵ף׷Ļ棬ʲôǾʲô

޼ң
ٶǲֵܼܶˮǳȤǶΪˮܹǽʴˣϣԺͺյĽźջԼ˺ȥˮ๤Ǳ̸
ԵͷȻǶôΪǾôɡ
ɴЩٶˮɴȻֵģûǵǮнգɲʲô
Ц׷棬ǶȻ˵˲ݣǼȻǾͱءֻҪܹΪǴƸΪʲôҪȥԤǡ⣬ȥųϢе
ɴﾪȵʲʲô
Цǵչ̫̫ӣֲɽšмִţǸû㹻ľЩӪãȻľֻԽԽ䵽ǱƵùţͻھǺϲ
Ǽ٣ϣǺϲЩۺˣ˵иҵ̳ϲȫȡǸ֮ķʽֻҪеõӦĹɷݣȨԽǡǾܹóʽֿȥͶȫµҵʦͻ
ɴϾ˺ܶһ׹λٶͶأԭô棬ͷǣ֪ôˡ

ڳʮﴦһƬʯɽشǴݲǰûߣܱҲûסʲôˣȴǧڸɻľŲڹţܱҲһЩ
ˮ೧ש߳ڵأڶ߻һú
ֻһȺųеĹŹصıԵһţһ̸߽š
Щ⹤صĶԼһЩǰѯʵĿͻ˺֮⣬ʮͷˣվߣһԶӶϣ粻֧ͬģһΤԣΤϣʵǺĴģҪҺ飬Ȼõġ
Щʿ塢УЩǷԺյģҲЩֺ֧յģĹ壬ǵ˼ǱȽɵģ˵˶̣ỵ̂Ҹи뷨ǼЩ˺޲úںһж֮ԱǣҲһЩˣַǳͺյĲŻҲϿɺյߣԸպ
֮⣬һЩͻԪޡֵܣȵȡ
ô
ճһשŵԪʵ
Ԫ޵øשȷʵԱȻʹõשҪãһשҪ᲻ٰ
ԪĵĹϵѾĲܹҲ˼ɣֱӺø
ֵҲǵͷ
Ц²ʵ
ԪЦЦ
տΤԡ
Τ£ԡ
յѵΪͻøܼţνģҼǧȫҵҲûйϵ
⻰˵ǰ
һݵĿźգֻνҲ纫һ
ΤȻӦһΣæԪ޵͵ܣשǲõ²ϣĿľϣܹһ㣬ͣͬʱǳʵģңǵĹѾ뵽һȫµķݽṹ֤κġ
ԶҲңȻгһЩ裬ô֪ǵשǷǳι̵ġ
ԪֱͷĿȴʼա
ЦǺǵҪۣ꣬ǶùЪҵ
ΤίǶǰ̵˵ѽ
յô׵ĻҾֱӳ飬Ȼÿ챳ȵͶˡⲻڱ飬ҪмģȣǵñֳǳͽԼƷģΪǵƷǿԸıľסģʽıһУǲܹȾˡ
˵ָһֵ㿴˼֣ոճʱҶûнȴܹ飬Ȼ˵öһЩϻĻܹȾ˼ҡô򵥵ģǻеѧû¶ȥгߣ˼ġ
˵ţǰȥ
ԪޡǶͷЦŸ˹ȥһԶΤԡ

ˮ೧󣬺ûȥ˱Ϊɣľ˴ţˡ

ˣɣ
ǡ

ƣ˫Ŀ̷ǵΣ
ȫնķԸˣֻ˽ĹУ˲˽£ʴ̷¶ǲǽ˽Ŷӽɢ
Цôأ
ǵǵģǵǶУֻûй˰ûбҪ˽
Ц˽Զʱģν˵زүүֻҪǲᷳС˵һôྫôһӢŶô׽ɢ
ӢŶӣ£漴ʵ֪һô죿
ެ
յǵ˽Ŷȫȥެ߾ҴչެгҪ»϶һԶҩҪж

֮
ӣӣ
΢΢֣еϲ£ϲѽ
֣һ㶣ʲôϲ£
һڣݵ֮ϰ꣬ӵҵЩʽ֮ǻˡ
᣿
֣жʱˣʲôҵ񣿡
ǹ˵ķ̡
˵ķ̣
֪ݵĹѾĵصũ򣬶ũķ̲ڹɻǱߵʦרΪƳ׷˵ع˵ϲЩַ̣ңҲв˴ַ̡
֣кʲộ
ʵ͸ʼҾ;ѧԺõķ̺ƣǱ˼
ŴԼİó׷
֣иϽ˿ʵǸԷƳģںС¿Ƿģ·׽ȥ¿۶ûУӾϵһһпڴһڴʽ֪Ϊ˶һЩСߵġ
ķװûʲô
Ҳͦÿѽ
֣п˰죬ЩƵ
һӣ˶Ǯ˭ܺòÿУҾҲƹֹ˷̡
֣üҲô˵˶ûǮȻֻͼ㣬˭ʦЩΪ֤䷽ԣһЩ
żֱͷ
ȻΣѾȥ֮һֱñȽϼѣΪһУ˼ҶûǮٱҲû
ȻŹ˽׼׳˺̻ܶ
ȾҪŸıģΪԭȵķ̣Ǻڹ湤Ĺˣǰڼ﹤ڹ棬⻷һˣȻҪŸı䣬׷棬Ȼϣ˵ЧʸߣһǳȻḶֻ́Ҫֱ仯Ϳ϶̻


1861 ʷ˸
˻治ǲֻһֱӣֻҪ΢һǾܹ˵ǻ
ΪƵ춨ҵΪӡ˰ԴԼôҵܹΪ͢룬ô͢ȻҲҵҲ³͢ѹˣ淨̾ͱöֶúȥ̣ȻȻ뵽ˡ
ܽҲһ㣬ʱۡ
ǴУˣʵ׷¢ϡ
һ¢ϣƸͻѸٻۣôǾʱȥչȥ£СũԶ߱ģΪСũþôǮЩҲû㹻ĲƸ֧ǷչչǷǳǮЩʮ̣꣬͵ɺܶĹ
񳤰ˣڿʼϲҶںϲڣҪô͵ûʽ㾺˼ңм
ңΨˣܹΪԴԶ罭ϣֻܷչз²ƷǳƣΪкܶ˲š
ʱѾ붬Хأȴֹ˳ն飬ŵ£촽ڣȴأŹâ
ͬݣҵûʲô̫ɫڳ½ЩӵҲ¥ܣΪߵÿ˶Ǹɾʮ㣬ŬΪܶΣǻһֽԵǻԵø룬˿
ǾԼҲøЩʲôΪյŬԼŷľԣһǰδеѹȸУ񳤰ĵľڼţΪʶǣڼϢһգֻϢһգϵھӾͿܻᳬ㡣
ڼҪôѾûȥעڣעϢĹȥֻмٵΪڳﱸš
ʱ֣ճصǸոôţͼһұڽУֻСϣСƨɣվ
žһ
Сҧ촽ûг
һԣ˫ͨģסܵܵС֣ԸԪĵǳعأĸ׽ѵӣ쾭֮£ʼҲĬĬڵܵߡ
ĶƲǺһذ
ȵ£
ռæǰֹʵô£

￴ջˣһĨ¡
ָźСӡ
յͷź򣬵ۣʲô
ίֻ˵ҪΪԪˣˡ
䣬䣬ĸǻ쵰ǿѧ˭ãƫƫҪȥѧǳҪҰɡ
ͷҡ
㡪ȵȻٴ򡣡
ոæֹ£Сͺܻ飬ôᱻԪ󲮸ˡ
ûб󲮺ƣ濼ǹġ
£濼ǹģ
š
ȻΪԪˣ
š
ϲ̫㰡ǿЦãֺ˵˵ôǵģǺý
򼤶ľվ̺ȵſš
ŵһ£Ͻſȥ㲻Ԫͦģոǿʲô黭ܾͨһûе١
ǰ仹⣬ΪԪȷʵһ͵竣˵˫ȫŻôŮϲҪֻһçĻЩǧɲϲģ䣬վûˣʲôûе٣
ǺĽԪ󲮵ĵط
һıȻԪҪĶ࣬ҲǴ£ѵ¡ԪѷڵҲǺĽȴֻһѰգѰѣǶ㲻ʲô£׾ٱԽŶѽԺ룬ҲҪѧһñ£Ȼȥһͨİա
ʲô
ţƸ˵ǽζһεĿźգȴ֪Ѿܲ
˰ΣԪ󲮽ģ
ǣûеô˵źȥ棬Ǻ۲áգգĴ۾ΪĶԲԣ
Ⱥտڣ±ȵֱǹƨͨжӦսɳҵ࣬ɳһ춯صĴʷԪûб£ôҵĻš
һţҲͷһ˫Сס¿Լı顣
ˣˣ
һֽԼߣµôСʲô㷸Ÿô
µҲŲ棬ңѧ˭ãƫȥԪǻ쵰ѧϰһܼӡ
ǴСԪոģӾȻҪΪԪһˣ붼ܿѽ
Ȼݺȱ裬˵˵
ЦǺǵ
ºݺһɺȥ

һߣ򡢺ͬʱɵһ
ձСһﶺúǺһЦֽʵ۲ۣ
һƨɣһߵƢԣˣǸտʼ´أֻҪҲ޲֣죬ֱࡣ
ƤƤ񣬻ôࡣ
յһۣʵõܵܵ뷨ô
ζӣû
ֵ㣬ֱ˵ǣǽܻʲô⡣
죡
Ŷ
ΣŵΪܵǵճӣҪ̳Ǻҵļҵɲ
㣬˵úܶԣǰҲôģ˵ǮǵģҪõǮ͵ܵĿƣı·ġ
˰ɣ
պһ»ǵĴ
ûô˵
һЦС§źյĲӣֺ֧ô
պЦǽѵɲţܹѧһ죬ǵˣ㳤֮ʲôԼ£ʱҲˣﻹпչ㡣
ʵÿ˵Ľʽ֣һѧ˵ģộԼҲộҲǿԵġ
һ־ǸԼľ
ǲǰǽյľǿԼøĸٶ࣬ҲֻһʱֻпԼģ޾ģΪ׵ΣǾܹȥǾͿˣģԼȥŬ¡
򼤶Ҿ֪϶֧ҵģҲ⡣
Цʲô⣿
ԽҲƽ͸Ԫĵһ
䣬ſ˵ôѽ
ֻһ˳ſڣԪĵ

̼˹ȥ
Ҳ׼ܹȥȴһָסԪĵЦҳһ⡣
ʲô⣿
ȥѧϰһˣѧϰ㣬ҵļҵ
ĵÿô
ԪĵǿЦãҲûе棬ֻЦɱˡ
ʱ£ԴƨɶѾˡ
˵䣬Ԫĵ߳һźЦʶô
ռôˣһĨϲɫ
ﶢӿ˺ðΡ
ԪĵԪܸ硣
ɵԪܸ硣
ŶһָԪܵԪѽԪ㡣
ϲ˾ݣϾռ˱˵£ţƸ綼ϲ
Сӱ죡
սСԴϣҼſš
Ԫ΢΢һЦǰһԪܼø
ЦСҲûѽߣȥ˵ɡ
¡
ʲôʱģʵ
Ԫܵոյġ
յģվأ
ԪЦŵͷ
ǰոԪĵĹϵûйһ߶ǺȥԪϵѾҺΪúܣⲻ̫ʵԪԪջ㱨
ʵһΣûӰ쵽Ǳ߰ɣ
ԪܵһЩӰ첻󣬱ϾǱ߶ԭϵģǱˮ㣬ǴһЩʧ鷳ǰȥȻûпսҲסˡ
ԪĵߵЩǲһĵġ
Цһе£ķȫƾ̫ʥϵĸλǳ֮ơ
Ԫ̵Ǳ߲壬Hޣԭڼ䣬ҲǶƫƫǲϵЩֿǴƵĸ߾ͰټÿݺܽݲûзӣĻҿһûģǲܳ׽ǣݡܽݵķչɲǺ¡
ۣڿɻʱȰڣһЩӣʱʰһǡ˵˵ݺܽݵɡ
ԪܵϻԤһ㣬ֻú̿ȿ棬һЩ⣬ַһЩú󣬵̫ǺѿɵģڴҶ취ֻǻû뵽İ취ҲһһĿģϣԭһЩ˲Źȥܷ뵽취ɵļ
Ԫĵüһ壬̾ϧˮҪģһںϣǿˮȥɣһҪģֻпɳúұ滹ܹõչ
յͷĵͻõ߹
ʵһศɵģûȺ֣֮ΪҪôҪúôҪչⷽļηչδƣ϶ûҿɳĿŻȥɸĿһѭĿǰҶⷽ취
Ԫֽݵ½һ飬ԭϿɣǷģûʲôҶŬĿԭϣΣУҲûʲôӰ죬ľͷʲôģֱ촬ú󣬾͸Ӳȥ˵֮ͻȻʲôƵãһø֪
յʲô
ԪܵǰǱͻȻһ֧ǧ˵ʹŵݣ˵ҴǸԼϣҴѧϰǡԭΣңʴǵʱͻȥˡ
һ治֪
ղȻʧЦ֮ѽ
ԭټһս½ˮʦȫ˵ɱΪŵսսģǵͷ޽£ΪǶΪƳһǵģǵһ꣬Ƴûɱ˻˴̽һƾͳˣųһ
һص㣬ǳǿߣ˲ǳ𣬷Ǹһưְ֣ʷҲʱΪƴˣŴģǲʹѧϰȫģĻձӰǷǳԶģ˵Ǻͷװ磬ܿƳεӰӣֻĹ˸䣬û˳ʷߡ
˱ڴƵĳݶȴû뵽ƣڲһ㣬ҪңǿնƵãɶ־ôҲˣ⻹ѧϰʲôǾͻȥˡ
Цû£ǣǳȥǵġ
Ԫ˷ܵĪǳ͢
һʺĵطǲһӣΪǵӷԭյȥôֻҪʱǵĻЩȻȻ䵽Ǯˡ
Ԫĵóף
յȻǵطȽôҲкЩˣ˾ггܹΪӲƸ˵ţͻȻԪʵˣùα磬ǱߵԭӦҲ·˰ɡ
ԪܵѾִҾǸһġ
յ˵ͷ


1862 ļƻ
¡
ƽٹһë£Ƥĵ̺ϣͷɢģ˶ſڰϣĿ͵Ŀϵİײֻ滭һһȦȦȦȦдС֣ȦȦ֮䶼һš
տһŰײһһΪ漸Ǽ¼һפ¥εūԼջ٣¼ڡ
ս׷սģĻֺο໨ôľһУսĻܶᱻݻ٣ȻᣬҲûʱƵ߼ȥؽвȨĿǰҪƻȨ췽ҹ̷ҲûⷽĲ֣αܿȨ֮ìܣܹ÷սֶΣסȨأգһ徿ʲô
ƽüͷţȻҡҡͷ¼ûȱļƻҲģһ
ֱӣֲ䷳ĴһȦȦһһ¿һؿı飬أûҵκ˿
Щ٣ڰϣƣ˫ۣȻ䣬üϾҲ޷֪һУֻҪ϶ĿʲôôӦƳһʲôҪսͬʱҪȨìܣôֻһ취취˵ʵ֧ߡⲻܣʵԸܵѵһ̫ӣҲܣ̫ȻףǱ¿ɻڣȻ屧¿ɲôúŪģвͻɱ֮ȵ̫ӳ֮һҲһȨԼÿʵ۶顣
һջҪľͶ뵽Ȩ֮У˵һ޵ģһж֧ģǰûɵĻôһжǰʵ̫ˣ˭ܹһأ
˵ĿڰײɨţͻȻĿⱻһȦȦȥˣգգۣͻȻĿ⼯ǸȦȦ棬һڣֻëѵѵ̫˼ˣ
æÿȦȦ
±ʱĿڰײɨѵˣˣĻôͿԱܿҵìܣҼߣһΣΪһʱѾˣֻҪĵȴɡ
ǺǣԭѾ˵˳ȥǸͲһԣһʵһʵ̫һʵװɻԣǲ²һԭһʼҾˡ


ڳĽ紦һϿȣȺɽƣֻһС·ͨɽ֮Уܱ߸̣ΪһƬɽǶǻʼ
Ϊ֮ǰʼｨĹǺûѡط
ϸ۲죬һͨɽȵĵ·Ȼȴǳƽһ죬Ȼ˽
գӭλˡ
ȿֻ֮դһѽʿڹȿڡ
Ǽ˶ˣ̱ȭ
ְμ
ǺСҰ
񣡡
µʵ˵ݵͭѾִӦ͹˰ɡ
ձѾ˵ˡ
š
յͷȻȥ
ֻȫǵúľѻɽм仹һǳұŨ̹ҿܱȫǸɽƣܱûʲôˣʴ˲Է֣æµţǺ֮ʣȴе쳣ůͣǵˣɽϹȫнأ䱸൱ɭϡ
¹ٲμ
һŹٷӿ첽ߵոǰһ
Цܹܣˣ
ܹæˣ¹ٷ֮¡
ܹ֮ˣͬҲǴһϰԵļ򣬵ƻܿͻˣҪٶزأĵһЩʱգˣٸټĪ
ܹϲ
΢΢һЦȥɡ

ܹܴźֱȥ˲ֿ⣬ֻдͭͭʯ֮ȫͭ
յҲٻҳ
ܹܼѵϽϵĴͭǧңķԸһֱڲϵĸĽҼҵģȡ˺ܴԵһ¡
˵ţӻͳһǮ浹öͭСһ뿴Ļҡ
ſ˿ǳƳһķ
ƳĹû˵Ź񣬲ǻңǶǾģʵƶеĹϵΪԼͱģ˭ŪһѴεȵսԼЦҲˣǼȻⷽҪ󣬹ȻҵҪãǺЩʿö֮γһִͳƳڵͺͭǮҲǷǳΣڶǹٸ죬Աаһȥͱһ㡣

շǳĵͷҪĻңû⣿
⵱Ȼû⡣ܹܵѾﱸô࣬ٶһҲ⡣
Ц
ʵ˶εˣλܹܣٸĹԱιƶǲɽˡ
һļƻ
֮ǰʵйһ˰ۣǵ͢Ϊ֧Ԯ¹Ȼ룬׼ģ¹Ȼʱ帮Ҫ˰Դ˽¢ϣǺǼԵģǲ˺յĽ飬Ҳɵ¢οΪ͢룬ƾʲôΣƻ
Ҽƻ
յΣҵķչͭǮԽԽҪֵԽԽߡڵʱͭǮǱȽϡٵģֻڼܵӣΪʱҵǸոЩɫһԸ㣬һ㶼ҪõǮ˿Ϊҡվ飬͵͵ͭ󶼸¢ϣҰгۣͭ˿Ϊʱոó˿ǿӲͨ˿ʳȥչͭ
ǵŲȻҵļ۸˵ǵȻǺŪεģ֪һΣʹ˹һΣٷ
ΪȽ޳ܣ͢ھһͶˣҪ˵ȥȾûۣͭΣᱻȥƵðнС
εƻ˺գһӽһЩ˸գרŸƻ֮⣬˭֪帮ǣܹҲ֪Լڸʲô
ΪһʱļƻҸտʼûʲôЧҪۣö֮ԼˣǺڹܣ궼ڴ棬һһĴ棬ȵͭ󶼿ɳˣټǱŪ˼ͭһͭͱ1423 Ϊزƣӣ
ǴӲ׼̣֮˸ȱͭǮ͢ӷԼҲ֪û׼ôNǰ㵽нˣֻͭɿޣһͶǲżģһҪȵʵάֲгתͭҡ
϶ҪӷеĻΪѾٽ㣬ҪٲĻܾͻΣ


1863 ҲҪҵ
ȥ
Ȼȫܲκιգ˵䣬͢ݼٵģȫԱҪӰ࣬ϾǰΣʱ򣬿ɶڷż٣񣬿ɶûɣտɱȹԱҪżٸҪݼٵĻ϶ᱻΪѾ÷ǳҪҪǲõ»˵ʱӰҲǺܴ󣬵϶ûꡣ
ң˶ٹְŹϸԣ궼Уʱ˾ͲˣԴҶƴŬ
ŬĿɲǵǲƸ
һ궨ڴƵģƱһ۹ȻôŬ˭ҲûԤƴƾܹߵʲôز

峿ʱ֡
飡
һ̶
ˣ
ڴϵĺգһ۶ֱӽסͷ˳㽫ߵѩ§˹
ûڽôѩԺºա
Сǳĵģ´
䣬򺰵ǲǽҪҸȥѧԺġ
׶ӣ̫˽⺫յΪˡ
ѽҽôȥģȻѹּѩһﲻĿǺЦҲ簡漴̶⺰ˣˣѾˣǷˡ
ѩԼԣ򡣡
յҸѧá
ѩһЦͻߵڰס
һţһߴ·
µôϴ꣬Ȼױ̨棬žеˣѩԽԽƯˣ
ѩչһЦ漴ȴһ̾ϧӲ̫
ǰ̫ŮУûкӣҴһЩζ
£漴ЦʲôʱЩأ
ѩһ΢΢ͷ㲻ô
յϲ㣬ûкӣֻΣо͵һûҲѽ
ѩǡĻأ
մӺ§סһ£¾˳Ȼȥ룬ֵĹÿһУ˽ҵģһںЩ𣿡
ѩü壬ҵںѽ
վȵʲôʱҵķѩҲĿأ
ѩúֺЦɱ˵ҿһֱҵģһȥﵷңǿɻŵġ
յҰѽ
˵ţùѩֵѩҪʵĻҵһ취
ѩʲô취
յȥһ£¶˯ɢɢģЧȻûгǿ
ѩߺ죬жߣˣͻ۸ҡ
ʲô۸㣬ϡ
飡
ġ
տŽյķţ̾˿űϴ͵Цתͷһֻ򡢺͵Цš
Сһ
ã㣬ܣ
Сܣ
׷׷ǰֻµݵ棬Ʒʮ㡣վߣƵĿźա
εĵ˶һۣҿ˿ʵĵأ
ʱе³ȥˡ
ĵǵģʲô±ŮҪһΪ˺ڵġշŰ۵
ȴеȥͿѽ£ȥҲûйϵ
ıѽ
˵½£µȣҲ
򴽣ߵ֪أ
ͷСʱû⹫ô
Ȼ
ˣ޵˲͸ˣȻ̧ͷգֻȴﵲסԼǲѾ
½ƤҲһţƸ磬ѩأôû
䣬˵ˣˣֻѩ˹
˳緹ϵȶ±ϵѧԺȥ
ԴӺҪ־ΪһԪһ˺±ΪôȥٲúԪջһ̫ˣ»ص֣ԪĵѩҲæվ͸Ӳ˵ûԽͺڹʱǾ;ȥѧԺ顣
ǺãΪ֪ҵ֮󣬸֮ĽһУɳġ
ڵѧԺһշѵģһбϣһڴȶ±ϣǸǹˡĶӶģȶ±ϾͿ˵ǹѧԺȦӻǷֵú
ȵʱͣѾˣ
ۣɣǱǸϼѽ
Ĩź
µһۣ⻹㡣
ĬĬĵСԴ
ºСԴȻźµóȥ
ѧԺſڣֻһģһ漷ˣǴ˿ڶඥҲһǧ򣬿ɲʮѽ
ܽһһԭѧԺ̫ˡ
ȴǼ˷ܣźֹ֣ܶ˵ʲô
Ƕ֮÷峤÷ŲСһ棬ϰֵķΧص֮ǼԪұϻΪԪǱ֡
ˣʧʧ񡣡
Ǹոţͼ巽ӭ˹
౨Ҳע⵽յĵҲֻմкϾ˿ɶǹ壬˼ҹбƸģ࣬Ҳһ࣬ûʲô˾õͺһȣкҲ𾴺ա
Цʵң
巽Цһҿˡ
յͷҲǣҪƨĻҲ䵽ز
һѩʮΣһºյӡ
巽ȴΪ⣬ĳ䵽ز
չһЦ벻Ժôǳѽˣûлˡ
µȻϣӣϣɲܻԼԲԵҿɴδҪӡ
½㡣
Ҳˡ
ʱٸ˹´к
ߵļСֳź򡢺֡
յˣŶӱҸѩȥԺ칫
µͷȥɣｻҡ
һֻѩ巽ȥ
ϵ˼ôţһЯλˣ۷׷ףĽʡޡ
һȢǧʿ޷ģʵ֮⣬û˭ɹ£ֻʱոո߹ֱһĴڣնΪ˵ʮԣҲܹǿǺС硣
Ҳ϶Ǻܲˬġ
ղŲںЩ巽İ칫ҡ
Ժɵûͦģô˱֪Ҿˡ
巽æҿûʲôⶼĹ͡
յ㷽Ż˵һףôس͢ô
ˣ巽֣ҾԣǼ꣬ѧԺȻһֱҲӣûôֱ࣬꣬ŶࡣⶼΪΪѧԺһ׽ϵʹЩѧԺĺӱûѧԺĺӣҪǿ࣬ʴԽĹ뽫ѧԺ飬һꡣ
Ϊ͢Ǵ䣬ܵǵӣûҵѧʣѧԺٽѧҵҪټѧԺϵȼͥҪǿܶ࣬òһѧԺĺԽԽࡣ
ЦⶼԺĹ͡
ѩһۣҿûʲôǻ̸°ɣ˼ԺǺæġ
ͷԶԶԣ̸¡
ѵڣ巽Խһ£ؼǣһ㣬ֵԽԽ࣬ǿµ޽һѧԺĻǿ϶ݲôѧǣѧԺòôǮȻ⼸һֱӯǮȥЩѵѧԺĿǰûôǮ½ѧԺ
յ½ѧԺǮֻС£ؼγȥѧԺԽǿ˾ǵ֮ǵͳԺԴһĽ顣
ô巽ֿѩ
ѩ̽˵ƻ巽
巽ԣüͷôһ˼ҲϾ裬Ǿ͵ùأ
ûǮ͵ùţȻġջһתֵõ¡ȥ˵ЩˣҿҲǺѡȥԽ˲ȱǮĸԸͳͿҪʲôҪʲô
巽һ±ƵĿźա
շ°۵Ȼѽˣǹ壬ǳصģǾ͸
巽θ
յ˭ǮѧԺ
巽ʧɫѧԺԻʺ󡭡˵ˣƺʲô
ЦûôӣѧԺȷԻʺģǻʺҲΪ˺ǣôΪ˺ӣһ֣ʲôһӣǻֳ˵ȥ˵Щ˾Ǯñ˵˶ʱ򣬸ǹλҪݣûǮǾʲôûС
巽ԵͷǽƾҲԳ־ãϾѧԺɲǿһ꣬Ҳѱ֤Щ궼Ǯ
յռ϶Ҫ͢ȻǻԽѧԺһ׮ͶʽѧԺѧԺϾŷḻľ飬Ѿ֤ѧԺǿӯģѧԺ׳
ѩһôõ⣬Ϊ粻˵
ЦûǸá
ѩѵҲֱ治ûô
Ц뵽ģΪĴڣǸ⣬ȴõҿӦںܶ෽棬ǿһµģʽӳԶ÷϶Ҫҵġ
巽΢΢Цţˣɷѿѽ
ʱȻ𣿡
£ʲô£
ְǷ˾֮ȥһʡ
ֱ뺫ȥʡǾͿ϶С£շԹ˼ԪĵԼҲˡ
ȵ飬Ҫ֮⣬ƃѦʹҲˡ
ǳʲôأ
һݣЩ
мոմһţİնެռСвΪެڹռС֮󣬱Σͨʳ̵ڴ󶼻ԣެСɣɴӴ˳ΣǵİмΪެȡСɶڴ󶼻вǳΪʱެٳͿл󶼻Ǳߵıޣս
ԭ£Щѽհüͷаŵģû뵽ô졣
ⲻ֪мһֱСɣʱԭΣмެ׵óѣԭѾȶмסˣǡúأǣһСɶҪԣպյĹ滮⻹ҪһЩʱգΪҲûչԴʳóף˺ܴôҲ̸ϣֻеԭĻԴԴϽʱһͨͷǳҪ
м֪һնԴҲܲǾ͸ĽڣǸϽдҪջСɡ
ʷެŷֱ̫ҴƷˣӦóúýѵެһأ߾ƽǿרĶԸެΪɴһެԾ󻼡
Ϊ˱սһֱ̣߾ŹӲдô꣬ûбսֻΪյļƻ˷ǳӵ͢ˣƳпܻᶪ¹Ȼ롣
ɲڵսެֻڲϵƣǾͶˡ
ǰʷո˵꣬Ĺ˵õɣǶԹ˲ϾﻹйȥެϾΪʱӦûϢΪެս
֪Ҳ֮Ŀǰǳ˳ʱ󶯸ɸֻ꣬»֮ǰŬȻެѾռСɣǺβٵȵȡ
ЩĳûһԶ
ƃվެΪʲôռСɣĿľǰбެҾʹӦҪû֤Ǿ͸ұ졣
ҲެҰģ¹ȻҲһ֮£ҴҲЭôȥҲһ취ϷҲΪýѵһެ
ͿǲСˣϣ֮꣬ެĶԹ˽һΣ˵ެҪެپжŵ֮УҲڼƳʿҲսɳϾһެһʵǷǳġ
Ĺࡢ֪ЩĳͶΪǾùڸһɫҪ̣︺
ɻǣǧծûǮʲôȥһެսɷһվͿ˽ġ
ֶա
ǲү
ģأôѽ˰ɣһֱ֧־ģƫĳֻҪܾãʳõóҾ̸ʳͻԶһ㣬ɲС£ñµͷУңѯ̫ӵĽ顣֪ο϶̫θոմΣ϶úϢһ£ֿս۶ȥ
ĹͻȻüˣҲ֪ǷûУԴ̫֮ƺЩиҼȥ֮⡣
ʽ˼ҵҲһֱûлӦ
ղ£
Ĺͬʱ˵ͷ


1864 ͬ
յһЩʱûмˣڹʱǾڼż˹꣬ԼȥݷЩǣǸݺն˽⣬Ӧòи񣬾иҲûе󳼶
̫ѽδĻʵۣܺӣʴ˺ڵ֪֮󣬾̸ȥ˶
ȴ̽Ӽ˺ա
úվЩƣ룬ĹЩС
ǵ룬֪Ĺǻ治С
£ɫЩ̫ã
ռһ£ϣ˫Ŀɫǳ԰ף΢΢ЩԵ÷ǳ
ȴЩĿźգ鲻ߵһ̫ʱ򣬵µһЩˡ
üʵΪʲôʱң
̫һ룬ίǡǵ²С˸ġ
ֲĿ£岻ʣΪβ˵أ
˰ΣŵΪҼģ񸸻ʻδȬø֪ˣʾֻֻܴϣֵܹʲû˵ȥ
˺һ̾˿
ϾС뷨ܼ򵥵ģϣܹȬ֮ٳ񣬵֪ʵڴƶԣҲǷǳҪġ
տɲװ֪Ӳܰ飬̽¬ʦΪϡ
ҪҲûߣʡţڵ֪ˣΪ֮һΪǴû˵뱧̸˹


¬ɣµô
¬ʦԸմӷǱΧ˹ȥɫŵѯʵ
¬ʦ̾µԭͱȽñ۵ģԵ¼֮춼ۣ岻֧ҿֵ磬ϰµĻͿɴСԵĿǰֻǲټˣóʱĵӡ
һڴ󳼵֪֮󣬸Ǵľ
һǳͬ룬Ŷʮͷֱ۲ˣһТĿǸ춯ѽһ棬ҶһЩ֪룬ʵ۶Բڴֲ̫ˣͱȽѰˡ
Ƿ֪£
üʵ
ĹƬ̣񻹱ӦñΪ˲ģɲС£֪鲻棬һʲô⣬ǿɶѴ̰
ͷϷҲΪ¸øϽ֪¡
һ¿ɲ֮£ʱȱ˵ñµģҲ֪ެ̲С֮¡
ͷϷ˴ŸмȱмެĶɡ
յ˵ͷ
˭ҲΪû˱ЩҪ̽¸֪Ρ
ڵ̸֪֮ϵ˶Բɲ̱һҪ⼸¾ҲָһЩܹ´ߣ廹Ƿǳ½ķǳû۾⡣
ε֪ΪӣȻԼĲжᣬǸֶޣǿ޳һš
ķʱε˫ĿǺģһգûڵ޵ǺûӰĽ飬̫壬ڽʱ̫ӣΪ˸
ΪʲôôڡھΣΪûյĽ飬Ϊ̫ӳֻ̫һɰˣŷǳأҲ˵ҪΪԼΪ̫ӡ
æҪҲǱԸʵʱҲ޳ɵ¼Ϊȷһܺõᣬܹǳİ䲼Уü飬ҲǳãҺͰն棬ֻ
ҡͷ̾¬ʦʵ¬ɣ̫ӵĲҪòܺã
¬ʦԵ£µĲҪΪµͽҪ볹ȬҪʱյĵ
ε೤
¬ʦԳƬ̣ΪӦó֮Ժ㡣
üͷ֮⣬̫Զܴ񣿡
ҪǶܴǾͺˡ
¬ʦæǴ⣬˼ǣ̫ӵָԴҲӦҪʱʱ̿עԼ壬һһģĿǰ̫ӵȾزĻܾȬڼһҪ⣬ƲȾϷ纮
ò̾úðΣʵˣִеΣ
æ£ִеķǳ˳Ŀǰ͢Ѿ˸ģҪԼȥܶŬлָ
һĬһŵڼɾ͵ͷˡ
ܲ뽫Ȩ࣬Ҳûа취
չֵģĽ
ε°ɡ
΢ˡ
ա¬ʦԸ߲ãͼҴҵĸ˹ǣһСǴͣһݣڣﲻһ㶡
һУ˿ɴδչ棬Ȼһ棬ʮΡ
ͼ׵Ȼܼæǰμʡ
žѹҲϽǰ檲μ¡
μ;ȣ˫Ŀ񣬽һһӣԸеһЩοѵ¶һ˿ЦֳҲɡ
ֱһļ£ź
Сüͷʵʣ̫Ӹôϲأ
Ц͵Դģ̫ӸֻСµģЩʱվͻõġȥ濴ɣҲǡ
ΪҲ֪˵ʲôպΡ
ǡ
Ͻȥ
ðʱһĨᣬһ˳λڣ˫Ŀ΢ϣڳ˼ԥų»ûѽ
΢΢ʵͶأ
˵
Եͷ漴̾޲Ҳȥֻ
£ҪǸҪѽΪԼĲ飬ϣ彡ôúȴΪҲùģ£檿δȬȻȥϢɣг檿ţһտúġ
ò˵˽εģ
ԣɫЩݣͷ˵úܶѽô࣬ϣܹ޿ɲܹһƬġ˵ͻȻ̧ͷƬ̣ŵɾͰлʺˡ
ʵںܳһʱڣζķֹĽӴ̫ӣ֪ҪľĸףҲıչ룬ôȫΪ롣
ۿ־һʵһж檶𣬳檡檡
ΰڰ֣̾ǰ£ͲҪȥˣʺɵñԼ塣
л¹ġ
š
վ޾Ȼعȥˡ
ͱ¡
ˣɡ
ΰڰ֣Ȼȥˡ


1865 ʱµĳ
ȻûͣﻹĬĬǰĿ뿪ǣѾʧҰһˣأûлعֻǴĿ⣬ĿԵЩɢ
úһջɢĿü˼ΣŻص޹ֻĵվݣ˼Ŀĵ𾢵ֵ
ǱλصԼ޹󣬰ϣüǳ
ʵйʷس֮Уξһģʷأλڼ䣬Ƶ۹ĹһֱǴ״̬δʲôңһֱڿͼҲģʲôŵʱ򣬹Ҵ¶İģͻʣ߾ȨʵҲûʲô̫Ϊ彡Ļǲʲô¡
ϧѽ۵ε۲Ŵԣθͷۡ
Ȼڵʤ
Сڣ
ʺһжڸЩʲô
ŵʤһ£Ŵ£ʺһһֱӼκҲæҲǺ󹬵һЩ֮£Ŷʺһֱڽʡ󹬵ֽ֧ʡǮֳ˸⡣
ȴû˼
ŵʤС£ҪҪʡǱ߽תǵ
̫Ӽʱ򣬴󳼵¶͵̫ѾκҲҪ´ôӦתǵ
ü˼Ƭ̣ȷɣҲ޷¡
ǡ


մӶ֮ʡҪ󳼿˸СᣬҪǰ´ҵȻȥˡ
еĺգ΢΢ҡΣСһɡ
صֻ뺫Χ塣⺫һΧ壬ͷ·붨һ㣬ûκα仯ģȵģСˣǺڱϳ֣Żżʱ򣬻Ե÷ǳɣҲôʮ־ڶ֪
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عͷջˣµɵغ
ϣЦŮɵһЩ㿴ġ
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Ÿ봺ͺȣ֪ҪǿԸҲûڴȤҿ˿ˣôûмѽ
µͷѩˡ
վȵ飿壿
ºЦʱšѧɵòμѧԣ±һ壬ŷѩȥˡ
СӣչһЦСҲ֪֪֮ѧϰ棬ɲĶ֡
һܵʵܴģѧʲôҿ죬ֻ̰һ㣬֮󣬾ͻᶮµģʱѧϰһҪá
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̾ҲǴ£ެǱһЩڡ
ºߵҲܹסҪҵĻͽ³ˣΪվø߱Ŀˡ
ֻЦЦûнӻ

벡ڳлвСӰģǶڰնԣǺӰ죬û˹ע͢ҶæԼ¡
ԱμˮһϿȣ峺ĺˮм
ǰģҲǿ⸽ķ羰һ鱦ѽΪˮɴĳ֣ˮ쳣󣬸ܿɹǣ⸽ûũɽģҲȡ
ȥʱԪҾϿȱϽһʵרзˮ֯
ûȥͺﱨԪĵǸˣΪһˮ֯Ѿ
ֻгԪĵԪޡԪ֮⣬վŶʮˣŮŹװΧһ̧ǰǻܶľʣǺĲֶǸɵġ
ѵѵ˵߼
һطɿ˶Уǰ˵ĹͲתţûκһֵ£һ߲߳ô֯ˣ
ʼԪܣһĻĿɿڴðΣأԲţֱҡͷ˼飬̫˼ˣ
һŨŨֺ˽ܵǵĳ㣬ǵˮֹ֯֯Ҫʮ౶⣬ǻһױ豸ˮɿݵļڣǻţŻ
һŮǻΪ֯׵ỨȻĿǰûгɹӦòʲô⣬ʱֱװ棬ҿ֯·
ԪĵЦ壬ɩ벻ôͽˮ֯ˣһôܵ
æ˹ˣʵҵĹͣ⣬ҪԴڲֵܵˮɴǵͼֽǶνˮתָӵĻѵľӣԹַܶǺ˳شǽڷǳ⻬˿棬ǲգ˿ĥˡ
˵棬ָһ˵Ȯ뵽һ취װһС֣ͭȻװһرĹӱ˳ص˶ҪΪ˷
𣿡Ԫĵͣ
̽Ƹ°⶯
ֹͣ
ԪĵսȥȻ˵ԭǹ̶һͭ棬ҪǺտһĻһеǳȣΪĵ·ǷǳƵġһֱ¶΢ЦЩλˣԪһóһʷĽʹҵģλġ
лˣлˡ
ЩɫһϲæԪĵл
ЩУܶ඼ԪҵūͣĿǰĴ󻷾ո߳ĹţԪȻɵūϵҲڲǵĴһЩɡ
Ƭ֮ԪĵԪܡԪޣźӱǰš
Ԫĵʵ壬Ŀǰͼɷģ֯
ҪģĻֻҪ๤УҪֹΪಿҪ󶼷ǳߣҪո߳ɽܹĳ
ԪܺùãΪβżҵĴȥ
ԪĵһΪӦýżԼпвС󰡣
ԪܵҲ֪ΪǼҪзҪȽأϾԪǱ߿ҲҪٹȻżҿӵзǳֹʵҪԼҪöࡣ
ԪĵȽϱأԪܾͱȽϿš
Ԫ޵ùãרҶǿ׬ǮֻǽżѣҲֻܰҲòҪٶѾȥ
ԪĵܹзµüֻĻǽڲ֮ء
Ԫ޵ǷּͬרȻȨżңǻܹӯģȨҲС
ԪĵԵЩջǵͷðɣͽżȥԪȥżǱ
ȻԼΪⷽļʿδķչģⷽļһУżĻôżҾ㹻ʱȥз¼ԪǱҪֻԼԪҵĹʱȥǱߣҪԼĻô͵дĹԼһɲһͿɵģҪٽ֯Ͷ뵽ȥǾͱȡᡣ
ֶ֪ˡ
Ԫ޵ͷֵùãǵøϽȥרɲˣ֮Ҳ˲ֵܵרôоǿɾͰæһ
ԪĵҡͷҪģ֮ûзˮ֯Ҫɴ֯ͲŪˣһֱǴﹺΨëǱ֮¢ϵģҲֻǶ÷֯ëļǹֵܵļҪΪ˷֯ëġ

ˮɴרˮ֯һʱ䣬ٶȿԶŷ޹ҵʱҪö࣬Ϊйһֱм˵ƾճģ˵Ứ̴Ѿˡ
ֻûʱͶ룬¼չķǳʱѾһĻۣ฻ųԪҹΪˮ֯ʮλ⹤ͷ֯ˣÿ͸һ£зˮ֯ɼӿ˼ķչ
Ȼմ򿪵ֻһȴǴ޾ľϲ

ոתã̱һ˶һ˶ĺľˮࡣˮԴԴϵĴӹϣ͵⣬񳤰洦ɼʩأǣоûһǳ͢ģȫڳǮ޽·ǿɴδָ͢Ǯ޽·ֻҪ͢ǵǮǿɾոˡ
պմһȺӲ칤̽ȡ
С磬ˮ̫ˣǰ˴æѽֻҪ¼꣬·޷ͬУﳣ޷׼ʱĿĵȥ֮⣬ǰĵ·ǳҼҵչ޳𣬿ˮ·ЩⶼˡǷǳ
Ц⻹øлϲѽҿ˵˲Ǯ޽ˮ·
ֵûɶûɶ
ⳤó֮ʳ޷㳤һҪʳ·ڳԿǷǳҪġ
ڴ֮ǰʵ˾Ѿ˺ܶ·ûмϵͻƣҲ޷ӱϸı䣬ʴˮһ֣˾ʶˮ࣬ʼ·Ƕ޽·ǿɲܣΪǵڳ⣬ͷҲڳ⣬ڵĵ·ǵҲûжĸϵΪӦǳ͢Ǯ
ˣˮҲ˷ݽ档
һ̶ϴ̼˳ľҵͬʱյĽ׬ûȥĽգ׬ٶǮҲûȥĽΪǶԴ˶Ѿľˣ֪Ľ
˵ĻͿ϶Ľ
ļ׾һĽĿǮϸԣôϲǳˮͰѾʹȥˡ
ЦǶСѽ
ļ׿źյС磬̫ƽҿģȴһôҲңǰǮ⣬ǽˮͰ͸ϸ磬ķϣ֡
ȻᣡƵҰķϣ֣ʲô˼
Ǳװķϣ¶Ѿ˵ˣ־ȡã㻹֧˲УÿǺˣǱ߿ɶѯǱס
ƨ
ŭֿɲȡģȡ֣Ҿ룬ҲûĲѽ˹ô˵ҵɶɶɶá
˻һЩ˷׷˼
ò˵һѵĺð취յǽѽԼƷ棬ǲҲѰ
տһżֻëһȺˣ뻢ڰ̵ҵȻȥķϣ£Ҫ˭ôͱҲ氡


1866 Ūɳ׾
٣ǳȴԵЩģÿԱǷǳæµ̫ӵò֮󣬾Ҫ鶼ñȽ٣Ҫ󳼶Ǹ˾ְûгʲô⣬ͱ𿪻ᣬ߹ͨˡⶼǺҪģΪҪǿˣֲ̫ڵ£ȨɾͻἯһϣΪĳ֮ףһᣬǾ͵ˣҾͻհ
Ϊ˱һ㣬Ƚ񶼰źãģΰ׻ǳĵġ
Դ벡֮ҲעųеĶȻ֪ڱȨȣôȥĻ̫¶ŷϳڣȱǿɲУ͢Ҫûʵ۵ſɶûʲôˣж磬ûлָۣǿỹǿԵġ
ٿҪ飬ҲԤʾҪ
屧ڼ䣬λ䡭
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յ£ĿǰԼӡѾӽβϵȵȻҪ£ǱȽ˳ʷϺܶ䷨տʼǷǳ˳ģűԣΪĿǰǳɹ
Ц˵ôˮ©ǸԼء
յ£ıˣ죬ûʲô£ҵһɹǳǳĵġ
ָָգֵ˷ıഫͳߣѵһⶼû𣿡
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е£˴γ͢䲼кܴĲͬ䲼һ䷢еͬʱִУʴˣܶСͻһ𱬷ôͳΪ˴⣬˴γ͢䲼𲽰䷢ҸʩʱҲǲһģǽͱȫʵǰ֮ؾͿȫʵһģһðģܹ͢ࡣ
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յ£ֵܵˮɴȷʵǳ˲Ϊ˷ɴٶȣʮ֮ࡣ
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յλͬŵʱҲǹ£ǳΪᣬٽɣķչ
Ŷһ˻
յΪˮɴĸ˿˿񲻵ǴưնҪģҲǳڵҪƷˮɴ㹻ʱôҪɣֻ֧֣ҪɣҪٷɴ
ʽܵǻ̫ţ˵úܿʵˣ˵˷׷ǰɣΪɣľͺֲƶ֮أƶ֮أܱ߶̣Ҳ޷ʳЩطͿֲɣľ
յǻͳƣ°꣬ɣｫӴԼĶɣͬҪȥ⽫մƣҲΪ͢ɹ۵˰ա
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͢ƴȰũɣҲûôõЧһȥأڼǰǰ޷
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ʵĪǱ·
æܱߵܰûгʲôӣмǱţѯʳ͢δСһ£ϳô²ǺżǾȱЩ
˾պ͸λº֧֣ܰ
ηǳмĵͷʵǱ߾ʲô
̽мŸ֪Ρ
ԣü¶ɫһƺЩȻһӵެԲģʱһѵˡ
ղһΪǷǳ̵ģڸովһΣǱҪսⲻεķѽ
ʵ˾գǳСɣжʤ㣿
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εͷʵһެưոأ
£Ϊ˶ھĽͣʴ˾ʿ߰ʿþެƣҲ£ˮڡУǳţƳһ佫Ҳûеš
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ģ֪żæ˼УެȻɶ񣬵ǹڻδΣ߳ծǧᣬóȻսڽɽ𢲻ѽ
ߵСսҪأ׹ˣҳ͢ҪǶԴ֮Ҳެģ⽫ެǱߵʵڴ󶼻ΪҲмΪδԭСǾƲެռ졣
˾֮ҲģСǱҪջصġεͷգһֱڹܣոС䲻ҪԱǳ͢Ҳ÷ֹެ͢Ŀǰܷó㹻Ӧԣ
һʱε뷨ΪһͷٿҪ飬Ƭ֮󣬵ݻеãݡ۷һֱһԵݵݣǡ
ǾˣһִĻȻûȫ׼޿ެҲδҴƾս׼صҪ»жٵҴһս˾գ̴мСɣһҲøެ⣬Ÿߣÿս׼ͬʱն׼һެҽ¹Ȼ룬ݡ۷֮¹Ȼ롣
˵Ҫȫ濪սֻҪСɣһͿܻᵼ±ȫսһδѡ
Ǽ֣ϳ
ĹࡢǶĿɿڴڣأȥǱۣҪ»̸еģû뵽Ūɳ׾ǣͻȻôһԲϾͿս
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ΪһΣŪҲǻͷģЩȥȻƵͷȥˣǻʵۣȨҲģԭԽԼڹؼʱֲ̣Ҳûʲô£ǺŪԺڵǳߡ
ִеķǳ˳Ҳûʲô£ֲУҲΣ˽鶼ɵ÷ǳãһ㶯ʵ۵Ȩġ
Сɵʱެֵ֧Ĵ̲֪ģֻǵʱϾ˼ǱߣҪģСͨҪ壬Ƶ۹סǲܶġ
Ҫ֪εҰһֱСʵ岻Уȱҽ˵һֱĬĬĸЩɲɵ¡
쾵ۡû߾һҪ߾ôᣬҲûдȥƳпǵģΪƳѾ˵ڴһפΪյƻȡóɹûִƶȣƶȣʹƳڴһʵʿȨҲǳȶ֮Ƴʵȥģƾȥˣͳۣ书޿ƥеġ
³綼ҪģĻ


1867 ʵʼǻʵ
ǵ˳þˣĹǣΪ֪Ĺǿ϶ǷԵģȷʵǺ
Ϊȥ֮Ǳ»ȨȨһֱެÿضެսģʵĻƽʺֻǵʱи߾ڣÿ佫У߾һҪģެĶ࣬ެƣɶŻ
Ҫ֪ʱ佫Ǵ޵֣ǻδެֳʤ
ʵƳĳҲоҲǺǿӲģЩʿ屾⣬ʱ治һʱڷչķǳãոЩɫͻȻһ䣬ǱɾͶˡ
Ҫ󳼶簡
Ĺʡ̽˴£˲ʾУǵñջس
֣¶ެǸ߾ɲô״ܵģʹӮҲ˰٣ĻеһŬɶḶ
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üͻȻգһﲻλϷ㶣ǵεľ㣬ֻܹȰջس
΢΢һĿɨɨСһҪջصģջصĻǴƽʧȥĿƣǶެȫսĻǾֻһ취
ʲô취
ֱ֧µľ
ʲô
˾ȵĿźա
յǿɲҪǣ²˵ҪެսҪСɣȻģެԭΣ̲Сɣ˲֮٣ֻެҷǾͿս
һͻʲô¶ܷ
յ²ôһެĳ󶼻Ǵǲ򣿡
ҽǳĬ
յСɣڱУҪľǱެȫ濪սΨһİ취ս׵׼ľ²ҪģΨе־ɳǵʱެŻе£ֻҪެҿսǾͲᷢȫսҪֱ֧£ҪެǵľģȻᵨӡ
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˶ĵģڵĴưգΪ˼ӿˣʶǿˣǴƲţģô۸αֳľģðճģҲһߵǴެΪ
һӣǷƱã̽ķͷڸ˹ȥϻص̨룬ģΪЩ¶İ壬ôֿʼΧת
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ҲġεͷֵһҪס֮ȫʵǲҪ¶ģһҪʵá
ֻҪ»ص̨룬󳼡ߣɲ뽫ҸŪңµ÷ǳﻹΪء
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ǵһʱβŽѣлָûл޹ȥ˶
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ЦŵͷָԱߵλҲˣվˣɡ
֮ͻȻʵ䲼ӰǲСѽ޵ļλ嶼ܵСӰ죬֪ʺǱ߿ܵӰ죿


1868 Ů
£СһֱڹУδܵʲôӰ졣
ЦⲻܰɣǱߵؿҲý˰ѵһԹԶû𣿡
檵нգȫǱµĶͣ¶ͷ˰ҡҲ檶𣬳ӦΪ˸ĸǱԵҲӦȫ֧֡
ε˵ͷͻȻ׿һв˵кο
ĿһĬ
ͷǸ⣬ʵĲͬǸֻ漰ݣȴغڹ
Ц㵫˵޷ڼ䣬һֱԲڴҲοģĿ
£㡪֪ģʵһֱǳֺ֧յߣҲΪҴƱҪȫչҵֻǺ
˵棬һ֮ɫ
κΪΪһҪչҵ
߾Ѿ𣬶ҲѾϾʣһެެĵԭһֱȴ꺺ߵһѾǽƣߣɼƲҪڸߴެҪȥԶⶼҪķѸ
ԭеƶȣѾ޷ƿȻҳľбںϻһģں֮ʱ޵£ǹȴֲ֧˾ӸһҴҲ־棬Ҫٳ߸ͷһΨѰͻƣĲƸչΪȽļƲп߳ެԶԼ̴еͳΡֻ֮ܰ״һζ׷󿪽ҲֻᲽĺ󳾡
¶΢Цò˵һ˼Ϊʲôôֺ֧յеȻвٿ͹ԭ򣬵Ҳ۵ԭ
ҲףƳȽĲ󣬶Сũãۼλʱ򣬿ɱǮˣǺܿͽҸͿˣʷΪ֪棬ҪôȥСũ֧ԭ漰ԶĵΪؾô࣬ɵӶܹˣҪެͱҪĲƸ
Ƶƣ̤ǣǿε룬ÿμҶ룬һһֱĿߣյ߸ϣ
˵úܶѽҴٳ߸ͷһͱ䡣
θпһֿܹһֱ뷨Ǹöð
εĿһۣվһ˼ңؿԶô㡣
⻰˵÷ǳʵǱϴΪʲôôΪݲºգ
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пһ£ϻ̳Ͽֵ£˾򲻿ɣɻǴܹ֮񡣡
ЦԼҲ˵ˣһ˼ң⸾˼ҾӦӣҲûоô񣬺ҲҪ壬ҿĻ޻治֪ôǺáǰ£ȥɣ¾ôˡ
£㳼檴ӦǴǿ϶ҲģҪǵ֪£ֻ³ֶֻ˼С
üǻ޵ģôҲΪ˺Ǽ縺ŴƵδңҲֻǰŴһЩ񡣡
鼸أ
ԭ˵ǲ֮ǰּѾһ㡣
ȷʵûа취ΪȨѾһմڣ붼ûа취ʱĴմڣչƶ˵ӦģζȨǷǳǳģҲĵߣԽһߵģѡѡȥΨΪʵѡʹôĴ󣬵Ҳֻѡ
ȣһŮˣڴͳ˼УŮվǲܷ죬ôţҲ̫ҵĽɽǴʲôģºκڵʱλУܻΪտԳƵ۵ģҲǸ󼶱ȨĻǾ˾ܲçģ⽭ɽܻգԹ̫
Ȩȡᰡ
Σ̫ӵĸ⸸ĸһǶǴӵģַǳϲ룬϶̫ӣҲҪλη룬ʵǷԼΪڳʺУҲһҲ˻ʵۡᶨĻǾһҪһΪ뱣ݻΪҲãһˣɾͷǳΣգȨȻͻɵС
ľԣǲһ޼ɣһôֻûʺΪ̫ӱݻ
βûиκȨֻһЩ¡

ʱ֣鷿ͻȻ˷Ƶĵƹ⡣
š
ǡ
֮ĿһɨǶѻɽ棬ǰȥһͻȻһĨЦ벻һ֮졣գ֮ĶԹɻûᡣ


ʱѾǰҹԺĴУ⡣
磡磡
С磬㻹ðɣ
û£û£Ҳ֪ĸ˵ӡ
±ӣ˵ɡ
˵Ҳˣ˵ס
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ˮͰĳ֣Խǰٵ⣬ĸá
ֽĿͶǽǳǵĽͼ
ľѪ³ǣⷽţˮָУΪˮʵǿǧ򻯵ʯͷǳԼԹһͳУԼƽѧͳС
ò˵һ䣬ǷǳĲŻͳУŷǳˮϵͳ͹ˮϵͳǰļһ˵Ѿ˼£һЩǺںûмģǳǳɱҲǷǳ޴ġ
Ļ˶ԸǮΪˮ·ΪǽʡɱǳڵĻǿɾͲԸǮҪó͢Ǯúյͷ
ĺһ΢΢Цô˵˵£Ҳû˭˵ڵ³ڵĻеִľǶᷴԵġ
Ӧô˵
յȻǸĹ롣֮󣬰յøƵ˿ҲվѾҪװ£ôҪ¥ԼӺĹ滮ʡĵط
ﷻƶȣﷻƶѾ˰յЩڳһµķ¸¿ܾ͵ȥϣﷻƣЩƸմ಻㣬ⲻڵչ
⣬ѾγһνӽܵϵһôڵĹ滮ӦҪӿһЩܻǰһ
˼˰ΣֵɻҪǮ
ЦֻҪ̸ܹ£ǮĻʲô⡣


1869 һ
ǳһҲѾ񣬰˵ҪٿģΪε岢δȬҲЩûпˣβûٿᣬҪ󳼻Ҫʡᡣ
¬ɣµǲȬأ
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ʽܷ·ûһ㣬ֻ֣ѵǱѾȬأ
һԵĴеȬˣôӦûٿᡣΪͻȻ˵أ
ʽܽµݸУ佨ĹãǿٸյĽѾʾˣ׼һºཨ飬ɼӦǾ˼ǵģֻС£ҲҪʾģ廹δȬżһʱ
ͻȻ˵ƺ´ĶǷǳѸ٣ȥ۵һЩ񣬱ҲѾʾˡ
¿˿üͷ
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һɴ
ռǸж͸֮ɫʵʲô
вʵм£
յͷǰһȥһǵôأ
ʵµΣ
һ᲻Ⱑ̾ǰҪһЩ
˵ǺһЩѾߴң
ʽֹˣµҲδܹô°
˵ʲôƵ
ʽ̽¸֪˺ա
벻֮졣ʵ˵ʲô
¬ʦԵ˵᲻ǻʺĵģʺһֱڶš
һҽɫһ䣬ʵǸոµһ㣬Ƿȥ룬¬ʦֱ˵˳ǲһ¡
ϢǶԣǾҪ
ΪʲôΪ̨ôҪٷĻǾͶ᧿Σѽ
ǻʺ󡣡
ſ˵
͵һתͷһֻĹ༱Ҵҵ˽£ǻʺΪʾġ
վ֪
ĹϷ֪»δתǵǱҲֻżȥһ˶ǻʺȴһֱڶⲻǻʺʾģֻ˭ʾġ
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ԵЩš
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Ĺҿ¶֪£ʺ˾ٷ̫Ԥ£ɲУһ࣬¸֪¡
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Ҳֶա
ӶԣӦøӺ²ǣǶԸű乬ģҪǷҪԸĿ϶Ǻա
ҸʲôһЦ˺ôﰵǲмȴĿǰûκƾʵݣȲҪ࣬»Ҽ£̽һ¡

ЩµȻʾģǷǳɫģˣյҲѾ˼ȥϾ˼Ϊؼǣ൱˵󲡣Сǳټַǳϣܿͽ¶ˡ
ǣûʵȨǸʾ£Ҵ󲿷ֻǾεĵͷҶ죬·ֻص˷ʱǸ״̬ʱͥҲûκεһ
ʵ״Ϊȷʵ԰ֵٵѹֻ𶯵ǽ·ڶ̫֮ڻ
£˳˾£ݴʷչΥ͢ƶȣԷϳ
ｫһµݵǰ
װģ£ʵҲĲ̫壬üչΪҪΥ͢ƶȣ޿ǳ˾չɣʴŪǷǣº澯䡣
檵Ϊδس˾ŪǷǣΪ²ѵ飬չĿǰǵطõĴʷҲǼ˾޴֮£檿Ӧġ
ƵչΪҪôأ
óһ£ǰյһ£鳯͢¹滮ڵĸ֣һһŽͼֽ
κкϵ
ԣİ䲼ڵ˿վԵ÷ǳӵط÷ǳ࣬ҳڵ·Ҳʧޣÿ꣬ŢоǰǳﷻƶȲʵЧĹһ̶ϣմٵ鷳ټˮĳ֣ǰԽ⣬ʴ齨¹滮ڵĸ֡
ϸͼֽΪұøӿźɡͬԣҲһ̶˰յĻҵչǲġ⼸÷ǳ٣ҵʮַǽϵһУչɿȫпܵġ
ԵͷΪأ
ͬý飬ӦøոɣңҲǴΪ䲼°յԽƵﷻƶȣȷʵմĲ֮͢Ӧ¿ͬʱҲӦƽʱʱܹٽҵչҲܹΪ͢룬ΪƱػѣôͻԼ͢Ҳܹ˵ң񰲾Ѿǳ죬ﷻƶȣҲܹȶΰ
˵˶٣ֵҪǮ»Ӧ뺫
һֲ벻˽⣿
ЦһЦ£ʵ׼ȥТʱⷽĽ飬ϧ⣬δĽ飬ȷϣǴܹǿʢǳ檡˵棬֮ɫ
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⣬Ҳôɡ·֮󣬱̫ӼҪĿģΪ˷ֹȨȣϧ̫ҲԲڴ޷ȻһֱڼȨȣǱº̫ӵĲȬģһٶʺǲܵģϾڱУȨʼҪġ
ƽٳΣͻȻЦʵ̫Ƿʺʼջǻ³ģΪ̫͵׻̫Сһ㣬ģǾƲЧ̫ʥϣ¼󳼸̫ӣôΨһ󳼣Ϊ̫ӱݻģֻʣʺ󣬶ʺ󲻵гɫ̫ӵĸڱ¶ԣʼղһ˰
üʺٳĻֻֻһѪȷ磬һᱨյģڡ
ǣ
š
ƽЦɲҪǣƻǳԺ֣ܹ֮뵽ôԶѵ벻һ𣿡
ü̫׵˼
ƽٵѾ֪յһʲôˡ
оϲյһʲô
ʺ󡣡
ʺ󣿡
˫Ŀ
ƽѵ¶һĨЦݣ˷ܵһʵΪʺһ渨£һʺıߣͬʱְ볤޼ϵʺıߵʱ򣬲ΪϵģֻʵװΪһԡ
ΪΪʲôоȵ
Ϊ֮£ΨʺƻȱҲֻʺܹһжǷԣղԴ˸еǣ෴һֱڴһĵκ˶Ҫڴ


1870 ȫ̼ƻ
һͷˮĿŴƽ٣ݺ֮ǰĲ֣ԾҪٲ֮أҪ̫ܾͱˣʱԣǷǳΣյģôһͻȻһʮȴת䣬ǰæһ
ΪˣҲųٳδܿȫ̼ƻƽٿЦһֵʵϸһ£ܹҵһЩ˿ġոʺķİࣿ
üڷ䣬Լ򵹳޼ɷ棬һֱ帮Ϊʺ󣬺շ漰ıȽ٣ǰæҲǶں棬վոڰʺ£ģ佨
˵úܶԣѧԺǺصΪʺģǳΣ֮󣬺ղûиʺһĽƵ帮ϣδûʺǽ壬ʵڸʺطõأղҪʺôͲȥʺЩ£ΪһŮҪżߵ
ìܡҡͷڰʺΪλҪһΣӦһΣġ
ƽЦһΣ֮ǰղʺеһöӶѣھǳΣ֮ʺͱ˺һöӣǳΣǳѽһҲìܡ
ҡҡͷǲס
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ʱĺȫƾű¶Σûбµı˫ʵԣͲʺĶ֣ʺ׾پܹĻʺͥѾױոҰҺջлüߵͬʱֽİ䲼Լڳеĵλʵı仯ǵҲתʺҰģڶڶ̫£϶ҪطãôΪô
г˼ΣеҪ󳼶ʺ漰񣬶еǳĿֻţҲһϼӷʺжǴǿ϶ƴֹƲûʺڳ׽ԼΪ˭ʺıȻִеķǳ˳ðյӵĴǺպЩ½Ҫ󳼡
ʺҪԸǣǾͱ÷ϳ֮ǰѾôҵһôΣôĻôҲӦģҲð֮踣ɻʺҪطãǵѡ񣬾ӵ뺫ա
˵˫Ŀһ
ƽ΢Цĵͷǵѡ񣬾뺫վһߣĻܹٵطã»ôǵΡ̫Ӵ֮ǰѾ̽뷨Ƿģ߷ԺգҲô漰ΪҪܵǿܾͻ´ҡ˵ǲʺ˵ģһжΪһ̣ôȻȻܵġ
еǺΪʲôҪôܹʺϵõʲô
õҪõһС
ƽٵ֮ǰѾ˵յĿҪסȨʵԹ󳼶ס˻Ȩ޼λʱͳɹס˻Ȩʱʲô¶Ǳܹģڱµļ£ǳ޼ջ³Ϊÿ˵УѳֳĴ󳼣ǶǼ鳼ۣҳӣǲĵģʵ۲˳Ӧ
˲˾סçȱԾıλԼ˻ʵۣ˱ܹ˳ǰߣǺߣʵȨѣֻǻ˸ϡȾ˵߱ⷽĻҲû·ߣ˵ĵλ뾡һа취ȥչҵĿľҪϣȥסȨ
ʵѾǣҪƻȨǾͱΪ޼ɻçƺҲûе·ߣìҲһֱҵĵطҰ˼⡣ǡŵһŮأ
˫Ӷ⡪ôܣĺӶͷϻ
̫ˣ
ƽ΢΢ЦΣ֮ǰʺѾȨ㳯Ұǻʺ󣬿˵ѾﵽһŮܹﵽĶ壬ҲˣǰһǱΡ˶̰ĲģˣŮҲˣû뷨ûеĻʱͲôˡ
ֻҪһŮ棬ôȫһˣƻȨͽ˳ΪⱾһôӦرӦԣʱձɳһȫµϵסλŮʵۡö֮ϰһϵҶĻôλŮʵ۰֮󣬾ҲŤתϾѰ
вסҡͷܣֱǻʺҪôҲð֮踣㺫֧Σ˶֧һŮ˳Ƶۣʱնֻ·һ
һȺ˻Ը֧ġ
ʲôˣ
ˡ
ƽԼҲǺƻΪһ㡣ΪʲôҪһΣȥ߽ʺĿľҪʺƵǱȥ˳ΪʺеΨһѡ񡣵ʵΪʺָһʺܹʵԼҰġ
Ϊʺʵ֮ϡԹŮ˶Ƿǳ΢ģƣôƱؾͻͳ˼谭ʺҪõ࣬ͬ⣬˶һģΪʲôܺ
˶ԣʵһֱѹ˵ģҲûĸʵۻԸˣ˵֧˷չʹǵ£ҲģôҲǴһвȨǱ¾ĴģʹٴĴۣҲϧŵһȫ֧˷չĻʵۣôʱ˻ںʵˣŮ˿ɶΨͼġ
ʺǻۣһҲһ㣬سһȫ֧˽׼ʵ֮ǰļƻһģûκβֻ֮ǰֵ֧壬֧壬Ϊ壬ΪΪ嵱ʱҲ𣬲Ŵͳʿ壬ϧѾոҪ½ɷ£һ谭Ϊû漰ʿ˾ǵ壬ұͻҪ΢࣬ʺѡ֧ˣͲҪȥԼҿԴϵõ࣬ȵ˵㹻ǿʱΣҲǲܵġͬҲúʺͬ˱øӽܡ
⡭
Լֻ۶ѾߵˣŵĲףĻöŵһƷӣؽϻźüƿƣ⡭ʵšԼͬҲԴ˽׼ھǣΪҪʺ쵼ˣⲻǶһô
ƽҡͷղûʺ쵼ǻ֧֣⳼֧һ׼֧һ׼ǲͬնģΪǹҵģе߶ΧŵչǳӣԱҪõ֧˽׼пȡóɹֲ߱ıλʱ˺ͣҪôĻҪôʵ۴ĻһᱬսΪʵǲ쵼ģΪΪǿĽ׼ڻȨвʵ̫ˣʹųܹӮһսҲûôʱȥɨƽ¡
ʺȴܹⷽ棬身ռ֧֣Ϊսʡٵʱ䡣ΪʺǴŻʵۺ̫ӣǼΪģݿԺܺõı⳼ȨȨ֮ìܣʵʺ϶ƺյĿ棬Ͼʺ̫ӵĸֻһӡһʺطãټϻʵۡյ֧֣Ϳ֧˽׼źƶĵ·ȥΨһ谭ģǴͳ˼룬δͳôͱƶһ˼ȡͳ˼룬һµĽ׼ȡɵĽ׼
еһԣȵʺΣԸܵյԼΪ
ƽһüͷȷǺսҪԵ⣬ǺռȻôôȻһ㡣ң˽׼𣬿Ǻһƶģ֮⣬û֪һôʺֻǺѡһˡ½׼˼룬ôȻϣѣѣΪԸֺ֧գ֧ʺ󣿡
ȻǺգΪֻк֪δȥ
ˡ
ƽٵͷǽ֮ǰͻ˵⣬ʱλȨΪǴˣҲẦ¶ԷӲţһ໥ƣƻȨ֮ĽȻγɣҪȥΪ֮
гĬãȻΪӦֺ֧ôôһŮΣ
ƽٵյĿĲҪһŮΣҪһӣԼʵ۵ȨڻʵʵǷǳ˼룬ҲһֱԸٵԭΪʵΪ˽ˣֻȨ֮䣬̫ʥ߱ɱܣԼ׾˾˶ݲ£ȴܹ帮Ϊ
ʺôĴ󣬺˶ˣǻʵȴΪԼȨٶʺЩǳΣмİգɼȨԶǵһλģʵ¼еҲΧŻȨչģΪʵ۾Ӧ飬ʴˣҷǳ£ֶα̫ʥϻҪࡣΪӣҲΪôǶԵģԼҵūҲûʲô𡣲Ҳһҵ˰
һЦֻǶ֧һŮˡ
ƽҡҡͷֻڰԼ͸һ


1871 һǮ
롭뺫һû뵽˿ȫ̼ƻ
ͻȻЦ
ƽٳƬ̣ͷʹٴҲ벻һ㣬ΪΪԸ⻨ʮĹȥоˣˣԿƻڵǶ˸Ӻ棬һһ
üǵѾƻ
ƽٵ˵ˣŶ󣿵չֳĲǣʵ̫˸еˣڲ˼飬ƺδֹţ˽ԽͻԽоףͬһһ㣬̫ͺڰ
üΪ·ɣ
ƽٹЦ˵ҵô棬ǲֶΣȨҲûκ˫ֿҲմѪһǸһ˰Űɡ˵ţЦҡҡͷͻȻʲôƵãȻᣡ
˵ţվȥԼ¹ǰ򿪹óһϡ
ʲô
к
ƽٵ⼸дһЩ
дһֻһ鼮Բӡˢģдüͷһ壬̣
ƽٵҷѾ˵ˣҪƴͳ˼룬µ˼룬ԭĴͳ˼ʵ˼͵˼룬ҵĵʱܵĳңһʼΨͼģҪĻ˶ΨͼҲǷǳµġ
Ϊҵ˼ǿԻʵìܣҪõ˵ŷҵ˼Ӧø֧֡ݣҽ˵˼뵽˼Уȥ˽׼һԸṩ˼ϵĻ˵ĵλǱȽϱ΢һҲϣõͳ˼ͬһõͬԼҲͬôҲͱܵ˼
оȵ벻ǵô꣬һ¾նû뵽
ƽЦѾ뵽ˣʥľԼ̵ĽôֻⷽЩģҲûкķ̫ľΪдЩʵһˣ
գ
ȻǡƽЦǺǵô캦֮£ôܹ˼룬С
У
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Ц֪ô䣬һġ
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еͷ֪


ǵ
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ЦЦĿźա
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κǺǵ޿ʮ£ѵҲôҪ˵ͼֽģһ̵ġ
ʥѽڨڨ⡪ȷǳ̵ģҳ̣ŽôдģҪµġ
εҲ˵ҲΪ¹滮ڵĽ裿
յ˵ͷ
÷ǳźգҲ˵õóôǮ

յòôǮǱõó
һ⻰ᶼˣﻹõóǮ
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Ǯ뵽ҪǮެķڳ͢ľһֱǱȽųģżġ
ƣŶҪûаպӦ˵յ£ͭʳڼûһôΣ֮ʱͭǮһѷͭǮҲʳǮóȥžмֵң͢ǿԴӯģңǳ޴󡣡
κôӯ
յ£ǿڳĹأΪǽռ̫̫أЩֲ˽˵ģȻڳ͢ģ˿ڱסǷǳģǷȻǣ͢Щճ̸Ƿң͢¥Ļؼۻܷһ֮ࡣло޶ӡ˰ڴӿӡ˰мȥ˵ͨͨΣҲԺԲƣһֱ˼ڷл֮£뵽һа취л󡣡
θæʵʲô취
յȯΪҡ


1872 ˵׻ƭ
˻Ǻ˼
±ƵĿźա
һĺƵ΢λ֮һֱڹ۲ҵķСзһǳı׶ˣǳ͢ҵķãҪڻұļֵͺñ˵һƿˮôﵽʮǮһƿˮȴֵֻһǮʮǮķãȥһǮˮپҪٰ
ҷҲôһ£Ӳɿ֮ߣĿ֮࣬پ٣ȻұȽֵǮһֵǾݳƣҲΪ̫͢룬ȵϻ֮󣬼۸϶䣬ǵʱ͢ÿ궼ĻңĻ͢άֲ˼꣬Ҳǳ֮ơ
̾β֪Ҳûа취ҪеģնѾϰǮһף͢ͻȻ˵ǮһʯףҲӦ
Ƴ⣬ҵķҪڻļֵ˵׻ǼޣҪķѴлкܴģȻѾ٣ûа취ŤתΪƷһǼ۾ʹŻֺܴ⣬Ϊҵļ۸Ǹͭģҵļ۸ԶԶۣͭǻҾʧȥ壬ֲûңͭλǵȥǽӣǽλⲻڳô
յ£ȯļѾ죬ɱҲԶԶҪڻļֵôȯĻͿ⡣
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Ц΢취ðͬȯļֵأ
ҲУԺ͢ûǮӡȯ˰ĲҪ̫ˬ
ξȵôܣ
΢Цݻͳƣȵ꣬ҵȱܻﵽᡣ
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Ҫ֪Ƴÿ귢еĻҲżʮᣬȱǷеü̫ˡ
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ƵǼҲҪôҡ
յһΣĻҷӦûǻȲӵģⱾҲһ۵Ḷ֤́гôҵġΪһΣ⼸겻ŴĻͭȥȡʳΪʱѾֵǮĻǲ
񾭹ȶģѾԶΣ֮ǰͬʱũҪҵ˱ԽԽ࣬˳ڻҵȻˡΪµĶͭƻԼЩһֱڸĽҵļѾһȫµߡʵҪĻܹ͢ôң㹻ԭϣȫĻܴﵽᡣ
óһ㻹˵ʲô
ֻб΢֪
⻰ʲô˼
⻹ֱôȻƭҳƭҿɾʲôˣյ˱΢֮⣬еĴ󳼣˶ôѣǲôû㹻Ļ֧֣˾ͻŻΣʱһð˽ǮҵгɹƵʧ
гӵ㹻ĻҴƾýһɳ졣ñ磬ŵһףȥҵҪһ׵ˣǮ߼ֵȻǶԵȵģɵĻȥ˺ܶĻҲ󣬾ûлңгĻңгҲΪʲô˷ǳ͢иĻңΪǷǳġ
ü˼ǣʵ

յһնڻҵǳѾ˼£һ泯͢ȷʵвôô˫͵վһЭ˲ܹн⡣
ενЭǷдȯ
յͷ
üǻӦ޻Щš
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һͼļ˷лҵĳɱ⣬Ϊ˼ͷգ͢Ƚңֻһ룬һ룬Σǻб׵ġ˳ĻһͿԺٷö֮ȯͽΪĻҡ
Ǻã
һ
ҲɵôһǾпʵֵġ
ôͭȥдȯͲûиıȯ壬ҲûиıеĻƶȣֻǸȨ֮ƣܹµȼü֮ԼΪԺֽҷд»ؼǻбףͲ³ӣֻһʵ飬вͨҾóͭϾˡ
ʵǵ͵ĺռƻһ㶼㵽һΣ˵ģΪֻΣ߼֮ʱܹõȨߺͰնЭȻԴлȡԼҪһ棬һУԲˬ
ҵ⣬֪һֱûᣬֻǰ׼ȵҶǼ̸ͣռȨ
ͭƻΪ͢ƣҲΪƣΪ˷ֽҴ»
ֵ⽨ģҴȯǳ֣ô޾ͽǻȥɡ

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ʵ˵ôУ
յͭѺСԪУɽСԪΪдȯ
νɽкԪУ
֪⻰ʲô˼һҲ飬ǳ̹Ȼ£ʵйծһ£ΪʲôйծôɹΪСԪڵʱżߵ⣬г͢ԼලúףСԪҷйծԿǳ͢͢ôܻȻкԪ˽˵ģҲۺǳʲô⣬ǿȥֱҽкԪҪǮкԪҲ볯͢йᣬ˹ծܹ˳
дȯҲˣǳͭ͢ѺСԪУ׳ȯʱԴȯΪ֣ɳ͢СԪиһּȵ͢дȯ֮ȥһطóԼļһӡˢȯ
֮⣬͢ҪɳϼලʵȨʼڳ͢Уӡ٣ʲôʱӡʲôʱУɳֻ͢ǽΪǮȨ˽кԪУͬʱҲߴȯöȣҪ˵ֱһ㣬ҲǱ⳯͢ӡˢȯԼԱıȡ˽
Ե˵ͷԹܵԼܲЩԱԱӡˢȯǹԱɲô࣬ӡˣ˵ҲΪóƽСԪоΪ͢ȯ𣿡
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յΪһͬ͢ȯôҲܹСԪڸԼҿ߽СԪеãͷÿǷǳҪģһ˫Ӯ
ѽЦռñˣǱȵ컹Ѱ
Ц¹ˣûʲôϵΪһ׬һ⣬ֻһǲܳõģֻ˫Ӯ£ܹȥ
µ̹ȻϣԽƭξͻԽɣϾҵģԪӼҵġ
εͷͻȻ˼ǣЩȯļƻ
յͷ£ȯһֽóȥҲûʲô壬ҳ͢дȯҪĿģΪ˴̼ľ÷չҲܰװͳȥ˲ļƻйԱٺ»ҲӦȫôȯҲܹðոδȯԺôȯ˰ĻȯöȽߡһȯôﵽһǳߵĸ߶ȣôȯͿܰǴչܱ߹ҵĲƸ
ˣôһȥˣ˻
Ц£ԹԭĻһֱܱ߹ҶǳҪģҴҵǸһ¥ŴȵԽһóף˹ҴƷеĴȯǿԹҴĻôҶԣȯӵʵʼֵͬҲǵĴȯΪ㣬ҴƷеĴȯԹеĻôƸҴơ
ȯֽңȯֱͭӶԵȵģǿκʱ򶼶һֵȵͭʱշдȯʵǽֽҵǰνȯ仯ֽңΨһ;ߴȯöȣֽʵûңöȴﵽһֵʱôȻȻͳΪֽңֻһʱļƻ滹÷չЩ꣬ȯܹΪֽҡ
˵ηŻһЩԥ⻰㲻ԥİ£ôɡ
ҪܹﵽЧ֮£Ī֮ĪΪغˣǮ򵽵ġ


1873 ֮·
֮μջŲߣʵ㻹ô
¶Ϊ֮ɫƬ̣С£м³֪˵
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Ҫ֪տɾƾһλѽ
Ҫ£ֻģҪңҿɾˣڨڨһЦ˵Щ¿ûо֣֮ǡǻʺʾġ
üͷʵΪأ
㶼ôأһôΪԲԵΪ϶ҥԣϾûʲô֤ݿ֤ʵ
γƬ̣أ
˫Ŀһľ
ݼǳԽӰҪΣϾݰ
̾˿Ҳûа취̫ҲԲڴ޵δȬ촦ǶѾѻɽڱ䷨Ҫʵ̫ˣ޵޵˹ҵķչ֮£޲ûʺ£Щ¶޾ģʺֻǴЭޡ
⻰˵ѾתҶ֪ܵһ￴ɣ̫ûȨЩ±ģҪԼдԼǻҪʵ۸
˵֮ա
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ε˵
㶼ôҪһ˵ʲôյ£Ƿǳ±µĴǡ¿ܻڳСĶ
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Ϊѵһλشأ
γ˵û˵
Ŷ΢ˡ


˵ˣôĻһд󳼵ķԡ
οе֪֮΢ЦӦ˵úǱθǿȵģʵҲˣûʸ˵Ҫ¡
εҲû˵ԣֻǵĶѡ
£ѽҡҡͷɫ£ĵִ֮кΪҪٽ֦檽£֮£󳼿飬ǺҪ£ȸţȵȬ֮
γƬ̣ЦҲû˵ôأֻЭ£˴ţȥ˵ɡ


УУ
Ԫĵ˵ԪϽздȯ̽ͷҡò˹ƵãϻذҷйծѾǷǳðյģΪ㣬ԪǲܴӦģвԪҴ»ҵɾͻһⷢдȯո󣬽԰ձ׼꣬أ͢ҪӡˢܲӦ𣿾ܹǵĺأȯֻҪ෢һţǾȫˣڸѽ
Цôһôǲġ
Ԫĵ·ǲԵȵġ
ΪǷǳԵȵġ
Цҵ֮УĴҪأˣԭϣҺгѾӵߣΨȱңӵлҵĻкԪоͿõķչó͢ƿţܱ֤͢ô͢лҿǲκƣҵַչôѸͣҽԽҪһΣǽǷǳֲġ𲻴ӦⷽնǴڵģΪӦԼȽȵڳ͢Ƚȵ
ԪĵбĿһƳҲӦǲֻὫһȥ˵
ЦǰԪҵĳơ
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Ц̡
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յΪ˷չֵزľܹܿ²̸ôĻ˾ͷչΪԱһ仰Ϳҵ
Ԫĵüһ壬ʵ㾿ʲô
΢΢ЦֻҪһƽȫĻѡ
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ʡ
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շŰ۵˵ôȥ԰
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м䣬ӣ˸Ц⣬Ҳҵ¡
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λŮۻ˰ɡ
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µǰǿɲ˼˵ѽ
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帮ǿܾ͵
ڶΪ޼ƽЩУӺͺ֮⣬˸޼һϵûУǳ޼ΪʲôŪôҪ޼ƽǽҵͷϣѹסٷ
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ô
Űϣ˫Ŀ΢ϣԱߵʵ
Ц檺Ϊʲôôǳ檣ҲôģϾ֮ǰôͲ漰񣬱˵ǲӦҲӦġӦôӦǣϽ£ܹһһĸ£ùҴ£һӣǱµŬɾǰˡ
γĬãͻȻ帮ù
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С
ȻǲٴЩ
վһԣ鵭Ȼʼմһ˿΢Ц·Щȫ⡣


1874 ͵ø
ĹǱѾó־ս׼û뵽ǣǱߺܿͨǵ˵ûа޼ƽǻָ˳޼ɵĹپͬʱ˽תǵȥ
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ʲôնΪѾ˿һꡣ
Ϣ֮ģϲأձȹ껹ҪŨһЩΪ˵ľˣʱ帮ǽķǳңų͢ϾҪ帮ǿĲѣ׷ʾ帮նƳŻݷⲻǴЩ̼ҶƳɱȥŻݣڲֱӸԱż٣ǾҪڶ
ǳĹĴϽһС٣λܵׯ԰ȼȥˡ

ںׯ԰ĴԡУֻ棬Ȼֻ¶ǽ׷磬Ѫš
λºԪĵ
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˫Ŀ΢ϣȪҲŮʮ㡣
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΢Ŀ̾ѩһֱûлϣȻܲںЩҵ˿ɲ룬ѩԼʱΪǷ˷ѩ
ĳˣԪĵοһЦ¡
š
Сһ鳤ĸԣˣû뵽ڸ鷽棬ôȡ
΢΢ҡͷʵʱҴȣΪһҪڳ㣬ǾͱõһЩ֧֣ʡµİ취ԼҲģҪǷµĻǱ˵飬ԱסҲ֪ǳо̶ѨҸүүսǧҺη壬ڳȴһֱСĽ˵ҪԪҺںַ֧ټңҲܹĲ١ͦҵľҶңǷǳ⣬ýչҲĲ١
Ԫĵⷽ棬ǸдԪ֮޸գҲĿģִ壬ὲʲô飬ԼΪȣʵͲһ
һȻˣ͸˵ˣʱˣҲŲԸһΣˣҲҴӦȢŵһԭŮͽˡ
ԪĵǿЦã·ֿ˵Ǹа¡

ѩԷڣҲѩԡڣȪ
ǲ½õģ
ѩ壬ſںϣҧ촽εĿźա
ЦȻǣ˵ҲǸողŷġ
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š
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ѩɫһʲô
մ˳ǹ⻬񱳣̽ȥٺٵֵ»Ҫġ

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һ죬㡭ں˵ʲô
ѩԪĵҲǺҲû֪ⲻȥ
ߣ˭۸ҵķѩյȻҲ˵ߵǰף˭еˮ

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ռûеְɣ
ɫ˲ԶʹԪĵͻȻЦֵûеǲеҵˡ˵ţĿƳƳ
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¸Ͻһֽ̽õ
Цԭ˳һЩˮ
µƤҲѾոѵˣߵΡ
ҵó
ȴһƬˮݸѩ
ѩʶĶ㿪
ʵµĽɾ⣬иˡ
ʮС˰ѩסˡ
ֻ৵һһı쵽˺յǰ
㿴ҵĽɲɾ
ºʵ
ɾǳĸɾ
ʹͷֱͷ
ǻã
ԪĵһЦѩһ֡
ջر뺫յľ룬ԪĵǱߣѾγɡ
ԹԵģˣҪңôܣü뵽ǵ֮Уĵö붼ǵ¡
յλ˲ѽ
ԪĵͲ˵ڳʹ˺յĹ⻷λǾذ
ٶȽӹܸ֮ҲһʰΪһΣռҶܵʧֵǺѻָ⸾ŮʼҪͨ֡ںüǰ¾ͿʼŮѧ⼸ķչ˵ŮˣѾˣΪ˶ΪŮ˾רѧϰѧ
պó͢ӡ˰ѧ˲һ󣬸ųŮ˵Ϣӵ̸еʱֵӰһһͬʱŮ˾ͱøӵ֡
ѩҲضãѧԺ˹ʶ׼ҵɹṩʽѧԺṩ˲ţ׼ʼȫشѧԺЩѧԺշѣʵһȽϴͳḶ́ΪͳĹ廹ǱȽϷ̵ģǸҲǸ̨¡
Щͳͳ뺫йأôÿա


ެ׶Щǡ
ȿȿȣȿȿȣ
ֻһ߰ϣҵĿš
ףô
ǰˣһĵĿߡ
û£
ϣ˰֡
ެ»ޣԭȥβʦس;УȾϷ纮һֱԲڴ
»޿˺һŻ˹΢΢ڴެľٶοģ
Ϥ̵ףΪֻŻ˵ģǹڲŸովһΣެսǸе¡
»޵ͷֳŴꡣ
ֳһƾпܻСɣȻһս˭Ҳ޷סƣͬʱҲެս׼
»ʵǸӦأ
Ϥ㱧ΪʱƷͻСܱ߶ǴƵķаں֧ţûнĴ㣬ͻȴС˳ʹȥƽͣȸ㲡㡣
ȻЩʣǵ˵ͷ
»ǻʵۣǴ࣬иʲộôȨǸýգԼĶӣ
ȻϣӣǷǳӵĹϵ˵봫ܹȥġ
սĻô»޵ļӾ͵ȥ̣ʱκνǣڼ䣬һ»иʲộʱǵĶӱøϻͻᵼ⻼
ʱڣǲòСɣȫ濪սȼоȶס
ǱҲǴǣֵ÷ǳǿӲҲûдһ̵ıǮø»޴󲡣ɼƵĹơ
»޳ĬΣ̾ЩһֱڹעŴƵķչںյĴ£ƷչԶԶެŷҪǵķչϧδܵóѣľƶǶԽͻȻȾزֻԴһء
ףһġϤæο
»ްڰֵҵ壬ԼϲǶ㲻ģҲöԴ˸еˣΪǼϻкصĵӡΪެγƴƵķ
ʼΪôռŰĻެᱻƻҪռȱ빥ȡ¹Ȼ룬ֻҪռʺǲлṥռ⣬ǾƲܸƴϢ֮Ӧ뾡һа취ȡ¹Ȼ룬սެġ
»޵ͷ˵úܶԣʵϷһֱһЩڣû¶ģƾսӶʧȥ˲Ѿ˸߾ûк֮ǣҪռ¹Ȼ룬ֻҲôס
һߣެ߳
»޵˵
ռС֮󣬵֪ߵĴʳڴ˹вҴʳƺҲⶫǱߴƲϧһдҲҪСɣȻҲҪΪǳϵģǿ취ʹһǰôʳȥƽϾǾͿԼб¹Ȼ롣
»ü˼ΣǶڴƻ֪֪׵ģǴʳôҲǺ˽⣬˾³ΪҰ
ǴʳȻжͼûͼһ֪ެƴܾˣǿ϶ᶫģʱǿɾûסʳȽʳϽڸԭ֮ϣɹ˿أǰıߣһߣǷǳģʱǾܹҪۣӶƴƵķռ¹ȻԼ򡣡
»Եͷ


1875 ݼҪ
ׯ԰ж˼ռ٣һ˱㷵سڣһ˿û̫Ŀȥȼ٣֮ǰǿʹʹ˺ü꣬ʵҲںյļƻ֮УǼ棬ɵġ
ںնȼٵ⼸ռ䣬帮ˣѾбǾ͸ƵãڣҲûйڲ٣ɼ帮Ӱŷ棬һΰСˡԬЩĸҲõ˽һĴԬ褾ֱӱᵽǱȥˣעǻزˣһжΪѹסǲ
ҲΪεĶǻվߵġ
ʴˣջ֮󣬾ͿʼڳԼĻҼƻΪεͷУ⻹̣ݣʡˣʡܹȥִС
ǺյƻҪУ֣СʽܡЩ˵ǿҷԣǶܺһǾͺڸ
ʮ䣬Ҫ󳼾ͻֵĽʲô黢ԼȨ޷֤ǻȥ֤ʲôߣֻкղܹȥ㺫ҪôǺôҲûͻ㺫ҪôĻһ㵽ʱ̨Ƿǳֲġ
Ǻտ϶Ҫִƻģܾõļƻζ£ɲѪ֮ʡˣƴĺ֣ǣǣҪôΣϾͻᱬҪȵԺΪѾƳǷǳֲһʵķԾмȱýĻĶ˭
ǸһƻһߣӲǳõߣҵɽкԪɳ͢
һȺ½Ҫ󳼣ǶڿƳ͢Ȩ˵Ҫǿ͢ȨҲһΣµĽѵ帮Ǿʲôó͢ܣҲûסǣŪҲʹ˼ʹΪκߣиƣһ⣬ܹϾܹͣ
ȷ֮󣬺ȥǢ̸ϵĻȯûκ塣˶ڻѾ͵ĵزҲû˵ǿǽܣǸһǷһңڶǹٶңһԴȯʽС
˶ǳẫյѡ⣬ˣյѡܹĥġ
һȻѾˣûҵµ⼸궼ڷĻǻ࣬⼸겢ûзһв˽ͭȥһʳԽԽ٣ǽϷչˣԭгȱǷǳģǲǵʵٶһ㣬ǶԽܡ
ֻҪгĻңǵܹ̾չΪܹгܵϵһЩ˲ûԥãֻҪһ㣬ȵÿͭ˵˵жͭжͭ㣬ǲų͢Ҳ˵һʽףһ͸ʲôù
ȻӦ˺üͭٶͭҲõóЩͭΪӴȯöȣûʲôãҾͽͭȻȥдȯ
ڰƽЩ֮󣬺վʽࡣ
ȥ֮󣬾ͬһ㣬ȫûзӦ
Ҫ֪֮ǰѾӦˣ
ҲƣʲôǾȥǵѯʣõĴ𸴣ȴЩʣԴʱûӼ󳼡
һˮͷŰ
ֲأź˶ð
ǶҪˣʵ۸Ͳû¶棬͢ôȥ
תۼ䣬¿ɾ͹ȥˣ
ƳʱǽǮΪ䶼ķչ͢ҲøϽŲ
ЩǸȥѯʣôһӾûϢأ
Ͳʵ۸¡
ֻҪʵ۲£ûŪ

հиմʷ̨߳ͼһͣǰ
΢΢һЦϵƿЦʡôصҡ
һЦѵʷ̨ô
һЦóڡ
ȵ֣֮º񲻼򵥰
ĵĿ۴⣬һҪǶѽ
뵽һˡ
ջĿҲŽ׹ʵ뵽µʺ£岻ıȨ󡣡
ͷԱ¡̫ӵǳȥʼҶڳõĿģǽȨ࣬ǽʺ󡣡
еϻ࣬ʩѹҪ帮ҪΪ޼ƽⷴӴʹѡʺΪôʵڸԤµļ£͸һǲٳ֡Ȼ󳼶ڱûʺе⣬Ǻһ㣬ʺȻ²СĴ󣬵ǻʺôֻΪ˶ԸգǶԸ£ҲҪŪңһΪҪ
벻ǻ˻ʺһѡһ̾ԴֱȱЭͬԸǣӦӦأ
еʱ¶Ϊ˴֣ЭǲЭĻǱ»ô룿ǿɲٷ޼ɵĴ󡣲ΪҲҪеȨʺ󣬱ӦֻϣûʺԼЩҪ󳼣ǻ̸еء
Цǲִ֪ȥּۻۡ

һ˲һ£ǵټҪ󳼡
£ɻã
Ĺһе
лĹģⶼëֻǺòˡǳ̾һȻʣԸλ䣬°ѽλΪޣΪ˴ƣϹᣬƫƫ޵ӹǲҴ£ޡȿȿȣ
¡
ȿȡû¡ȿȡ
һ߿ȣһҡ֡
һԵŵʤϽǰĺ󱳡
ǿô϶ǳŵǣﻹԹ
յ£ǹҵͷȴ£¶Ժ
οЦ簮ԣǱˣ°նŵģյȲ˰λ䣬޵̫Ӽдλ̫ӵͷ޲Ϊ޵壬°ա
˻һǽһͷɲһͷ
˵û뵽̫ӡǡ˵棬ҡͷ̾ʲ
ĹࡢЩϳӣϽ԰ο
ҶܹεΣҲô磬񱾸緢֮ʱ⻻˭еǳƵġ
ݼôһտ飬ǶԵ
úһβŻһ£ǻ̸°ɡڷлһ£ûκȫȨȥ졣⣬޵£Ϊ˲ִУ޴
˻һǽǴľ
ǴҶû뵽ġ
ɣ
շ·ƨŻһ㣬ֱӴ㵸ؽеջسɲã˵⳼ǼӦ
ü޵ԲٳϣܹΪ޷ֵһЩѵҲ𣿡
յΪ·ǣǳı֣ҲԸΪ¾Ϲᣬѣǳûóǿ϶ҵġңҲҪ顢
Ĺ˲ŵæҡ
ɲа
Ǹô꣬Ÿɵ飬ŸոսͻȻҪǵҲΪǺģεǺգҪĻǶ֪βǸյģǸǵġ
üͷһ壬ֵǶ˵ˣѾ
£
ֱſڵϣ£΢ʤΣһҪ΢΢ȥΣҲԸҴƵﳼ
Ȼãӣָźյе˰ɡ
иƨġ㵱Ҹճ죬ҪӦĻҾԶˣһ㣬ǵʱǻ֮һ۾Ѵ̰
㡭ȿȿȣ
ÿ
ŵʤ۵岻ʣ㻹Ǳ
бͱ𲡣ֱӸԣռ£ӦΨ£ǲܴӦ
пһԾǸеշ̣ǳģ֪ʵñ˭ҪǶǳ˲¹ͷĿȥˣǵ£һߣܹ·ֵһЩѹ
γ뺫յĶϷͻȻܳ£ŵ˵
еûʺ´񡣡


1876 ʵˣå˭Ҳס

·Ϊһ仰
ҶǾȵĿŴУͺ˵ǷǰΪʲôôҪֹôѾˣ£Сˡ
ɲС
ֵĹƨŻˣһͷҲŴŭѵة֪Լ˵ʲô󹬸˹֮ɣô˵ֱΪ˳
ûʲôģǼһ㣬ΪǰﷸôĴӦûгͷѾӣڹ˽
Ŀ˸˼£ҲûгһԿǡ
е֪ΪТʺǰ»ʺͺ񣿡
ĹТʺ»ʺȻͺ󡣡
еǿɶиΪʵѰ˼ңһ֮ŮҲٳּģĿҿˡ岻ʣʺΪµӣ´񣬴֮飬кβף
ˣǻʺ֮ǰǷ²СĴ󣬵¹ҴңҵȴӦ°ҲӦġ
еԲӣʺʵҲΪ룬ʺ䲼֮λҲûзԣһŶֻ帮ִвŵΣıⲻܹڻʺ󡣡
Ĺŭˣֱ˵ϹĿԲʺ䲼ǲΪ˰գѵ㻹ô
£Ҷʺźȥġ
Ͻ˭޹֪ܸģĪɡҲв˷󣬵ֻΪˣʴ׵õˡʺʹڣһŮˡ˵һ󲻾̫֮ӷµĴ·ϳ̫ô
Ĺ൱һ㶡
ƽʱǱãһúѽĹΪҪϳ̫ӣ˵ʵҲýʵ۸ˡ
ʽܼæ䲻޵ʵˣʺǻʺ󣬻ʺɲ̫ӣʺûȨ񡣡
ʵŮ˱΢һЩ
Ϊӣܲ˵ıµ壬µǹҵͷȴ£ةûʺ£Ϊ˻ʺ󣬶Ϊ˱µ룬Ϊ°ա
ĹʺôĴǾô׿ˡˣǽ˭Ҫ˵Ļ֧
õģٿȻվ飬ɱңǼӦģҲΪ·ǣûҲûʸû˭һûж飬СʱģҳõҲ϶ӵģ㲻ǽô
Ĺ࿴źգŭ䲻ѽС߯ҲûϢˣʺҪط͢ù
ֲ¡
·޽⡣
˼Ѿ˵÷ǳʱԴҲԸ⽫Ȩ࣬಻Ҫ
ǻ˵˭ҪȨ
Ҳⲡʱʱģĸ󳼸
Ҷֲʱֵ£һ취еĵǣǲ֪˵
ε㵫˵޷
е֮ԶԻʺеǳģҪΪԲ˳Ҳ֪ȥԻʺƱػɳĻ̻̣ƶȵĻҡˣͻʽگʺһЩȨûʺ˳Ĵ񡣡
Ĺöˣ˼ڣȵ˵ꡣ
ĹòӶˣ
ʽҲǷ׷ҡͷⴿǺѽ
ֵǻʺ֮ǰСĴ󣬾׵ûʺĻֻԷڣҲòպʹǵͬûʺ´ҲֻϣʺֵܹһЩµѹñܹľ壬Ȩ֮ƣԳΪӦøʺһЩƣĻ󳼺Ͱնᰲĵġ
Եͷ˵ȥ
еʺÿֻҪôٵûһϵҪ󳼵֧֣ܹ֮ͨҪӵзʺһȨ
ԣ͵üͷ۴У΢΢Щðѵѵҵļƻ
֣Ҳ׷ǳ˼
Ҳ˳˼֮Уûϵлôһ顣
¶ģҪԼΪǰסãּ˯ˣҲеµĻʵۣϾϵĻʵۣ֮ûóƽȨҪһˣվ߷ȥӳãȥƾơ
Ŀǰ廹ܹ֣һĲˣʱȻȻǺȨ
ԹкܶģʵݵģاΪ̫磬´Ȩ䣬˾ܲһǽС΢ǽָôᣬҲָܹκգҲ÷һ֣ȻԸ⿴֣ϴĹ࣬ѾеЩѹȻյʱݼ٣Ϊտ϶ҲڰƶΪκһ˶Ϊϣʺٳɽġ
ҲΪʲôһھúҪȶסյ죬Ŀǰ̫ˣҪԵĻ¾ͺѳɣ֪ǲܻӦġ
ﵱһУɲΪ˶ԸΣΪ˶Ըգ˵ЩˣǷڵ£ȴǳε棬ǲ̫ŽˣĻܹвȨ
ͬҲеȨΪϻصĶ֮УҲȨСݲκһˡ
һȥǣеĽǿеġеĽסʺȨɲҪȨôں棬п࣬ƽ⣬طã;Ҫ󳼵Ȩ
Ŀǰ
ȨðΣ֪λΪةĽΣ
Ҳ˵û⡣
ĹǵȻԸ⣬ҲðϷҪǴӦҪӦĻ͵ţҲ룬һھ
ʵˣå˭ܹˣù
ʽվ£һʺǰãΪָõأ
ʺ̫ˣܿͷƣܹƵס
ηǳǾá
ҲҪҪֽҸңǿܾˣҲġ
̵ҪôĻǱҪԴʱʺ볼ȶܹз
ǵȻ
εͷҲ֪Щ󳼶ܵǣԵĻҲôûа취ֻҪǴӦܹһģͻȻһԳĬĺգʵΪأ
һæֻҪóʲôû
Цǫĳӣټ
յлµĿ佱
οЦҡҡͷֵڴ£ʱ鵽дһµʱپǷҪô
΢
ֱʱλصģû˵İΪҪ󳼴ӦôҲͬ⣬Ҳÿοµġ

ǵ֣С¬ʦԡӾԡ
У֪֪ڸʲô
֣üʵ
Ҫ󳼶ԵĻҲûа취ǳ˴ڼ飬Ҳֻһ
пЦ֣֣ѵ㻹ôǲĽȨǣ㿴շǽŵӣʱǲּۻۣһζķԣǵʱ¸ӻҪʺܱڻ⡣
֣̾˿ǻʺ
ЦǼ˶һŮ֮η壬δҲ̫ʧжɫ
¶ӣʺһŮ˰
ƷǳǸдѽ޼ɶ治Ǽ治ǻʺĶ֡
еҲֻôΪǱµ˼ԽǷԣ¾Խ֧ʺ󡣡˵ţͻȻһƳʵ˼Ļıºͻʺ󶼲ƻеӰˡ
ԴӴ֮󣬺վһֱأôһߵһߡ
ĹࡢҲȥ̫һ㣬ǿ磬ΪһΪ
ǻã
ⲻ֪ղŲ磬ΪнԭҪ˵ö˵ˣеǳĲ̧ͷһǰĴУ룬ѵǼһĿҵļƻⲻӦѽ֮ǰı֣Ӧûпҵļƻѵֻһɺϣ
ˣȻһѵܣǸͷۣվǰҵܹʰһְٰзʲôӴеıӦ֧ҵģΪʲôҪ֧أҵ취ȥ̽ǸӣУӦûκ֤ݣǼ㿴ʲôҲֻǲµģǹ̽ҵģҵõɲţ黹ҵļƻС


1877 ʱԼ
ˣåֶҲһһģһֶΡ
·һЩȨһ˵Ǹ֮࣬УΨкʸͻúȥúʱնûоܾɣúȫһǲܴӦġ
͸ṩһܺõļŷǰǲӦҲϸɱ帮ó޼꣬ԸҾֿ࣬ϲȷʵûʱ䴦Ҷ޲ø̫ӣ̫ҲУǽô죿
εķװúίΣ¶ģõǶǱƵġ
һɴ£ҪӦ»һҪ£ô죿
ܵӦ֮ߣŵʱ򣬹һܹת
ȻȻͳΪΨһѡ
ǹҪòҲ˵¾ǰ϶ģ´ȥ֮ڳȻ󲨡
ʱΣ֮Ȼû˵ûʺ󣬵˶֪ʺԪףֻ̫ӵķϣû׷ΣⲻܴʲôûзŹ˶ãûʺһ˳ⲻǱ䱾ô
ոյͱŴּĽŹϣдԣ˵Ҫûʺⲻİɡ
յͷҽҲǴ˵¡
㲻ǴӦ˰ɣ
ܷ𣿱±
㻹Ӧ
Ŵ󼤶
ûɣ»ֵ׳ֻ꣬ǱǸʱġ
ŴҲʺҪðҪʺ·һ
Ҳûеĵز
ĵĸŴһ顣
ŴգһͿѽ֮⳯㻹ôҪôͱûʺһûʺܹȨ˭ܹƵסʺǱµ˰
⻰ǺеģûȨĻ
̾Ҳûа취¶ɼµȷʵ޷ֻûʺһæñܹľ壬㿵£һµĲأֻ鷳ҲعֵǣǵģʺҲģҲûʺ
ŴֱҡͷʺŮˣҶҿɲ
Ц㲻žͲţʺҲ򽻵һ˵Ҫ£Ҳȳ¡
ŴҾǵѽϻػʺȻǳȥģȨ˵ܹŹ𣿡
շŰ۵ΪľͲأȨڱУֻҪһΪ룬ΪǣǾӣһֻŲУǾֹ˻ʺҲԶˡҪסɱȨǱ£ǻʺҪҪô๦Ըôܹ˵ô
ŴúյҲһЩʺΪʲôҪôҪգۺգһס̾˿̫ƽ˼հ
΢΢һۣĵûи֮⳯µĲңѽ֢ĸԴڻʺ󣬶ǻʵۣôĻһֱȥ
ӻ֮󣬺ȥң˼ګ¡
ҿͬ壬˵뺫Ҳټļ壬źܴĻأҲûйֵĵǣϣܹʺ󻯸ɸΪ񲯡
ʵջõģĹЩϳӼ˶ڼ
ЩҪֻܸǱֻ֤Ȩ֮ƣȵˣʺͻȥǻƶǳϸĹƶȣƻʺȨ
˵Ҳ룬ֻڵľƣûʺ˭֧ôֻǾȣ˭ûʵ̫ۡ嶼á


԰
˾սսǰެǱϢأ
š
ͷެƺûҴƿս˼նǱߴϢެѾʹǰСһ£ȻмǱ߻ûдϢոСӦⲻ󡣡
˵棬дһ˿ź
Цϵˣ˾»ҷ
ǺǵϷҪǱˣެҴƵĸ󻼰
յ˾ٸҼ֮꣬˾ެһȫ֧֡
Ϸǲٰ֪ܷϼꡣһֵ̾ˣϷһֱæûôע⳯е˵һЩ״
ԭɣһ򵥵Ľ˵һ顣
Ƿǳ򵥣Ϊ֪϶֪ģֻϺ꣬ôܻԼκм䣡
Цٴûʸ㵹ãȴԸ
ոЦ˾ڣҪĻҵö̶١
æСٽϷȥ
պǺЦš
Сǽƻ͸һֵ̾οµģ
̾彡ĻҵȻᷴԣǱȷʵҪʺİ˵ʲô˾δ̬
һĳ£ϷһϷʹܣҲ֪ȥܡ
ʱ̨֮ʱҲûеڰ˵ôģû֪ط͢ӰҲΨһĵľǺﶷϣ̽һºգǺҲС꣬ôܱ¶Լ뷨
˼һǫ鰡͵͵ıһۡ
ʵʷܹǻƵۣҲǰ˲Сæܱϣûи㹻壬֮Ƶ佫һɶҲΪڸһ㣬ʱ˭װ

ǱҲ֪µøϽʵĻﶼе
ʡ
ҵȸոƶƻʺķĿ
ʱԼ
ùһⷨŵһ˭ŴԽ߰ƵΪʲôְǶīˮôһô
иƣݶֽʲôʵֲô
ҡֻ̫̫һɣܻܲһ㡣

Ƕʱðһͷ亹
ӵҲãȡ֡
𣿡յʲô֮
̵ȣ⡮ʱΪ˸ߴңֻȨ֮ƣǳ֮ƣϾ󳼶Դ˶нǣǵǰģԼǴԼɷϣ˱ɷȥԼʺ󡣡
ôһ˵ֻͦںġðɣðɣǿľС
Ĩºּ¿
ܼ򵥣㡣
һ㣬ʺûٳȨ󳼡󳼿ɶٳȨζţʺֻǰæҲǸһȫµĽ͡ʺֻܸҪÿᣬҪӼĴ󳼣ҲҪõҪӼ˽½Ӽ󳼣ǷֹͥԼ
ΣʺֻճȨ£ɻʵԳҪֹʺ漰
ҲΪؼһ㣬ʺκ飬Ҫ󵽹Ҫͬ£ִܹУҪ˭ҲõҪ󳼵ĵͷǺġ
⿴Щ۸ˣǼǰɵЩ£ҪĻǶӦ
տ˿ȻеǸЩ𣬵Ǿе⣬ϾķǷǳǰҲû޸ʲôʹӦ
ڵõͷ֮󣬴нǽµȥ
ȻӦҲû޸еκһΪʱԼͷβδȨһǿش£ûʵԳ棬ɻʺСҲֻҪ񣬾ǼЩҪ󳼣ʲôҲʲôܹ
ڰ䲼֮ǰһϵе°ţĹΪУУ飬Ϊ´Ϊ顣
Σ֮ʡֻ࣬кһΣѾȥʡ°ǣܼʡһҶֻһԭҪԭ򣬾ϣôǰģĹࡢطõģǺ´ǰɣҲǼ䷴طõġ
±䶯Ҫ󳼵ģȻһǣ֤ҲȨֻһæǱ롣
ȷ˺ܴİá
ȵʱ죬αʽٿᣬԼ̫ӵΪɣ䲼⡶ʱԼ
ǺܾʷģΪǵһϵķȻֻʱģҲֻƻʺ󣬶ǻʵۣô˸һʡ˵Ů⵹ΪǰҲк̫̫ܶ󶼴񣬺̫󣬿ɶֹ


1878 򲻹Էʱ
䶨
û뵽ôطãҲû뵽ַʽطãϾε˾ģ乬
ɼܹƵۣΪ˵ĲǣΪ󻷾ĹϵΡһ΢һ㣬ʷȫпܸдûнŪҲֻ˵鰡
طãǸеǵģˣ˿Ƿǳλʺ󣬵Ҳûа취ֹֻҪڣǾͲеֻ̫ţҪҲայǽԹй帮ϣΪӱϿǶ԰ģΣ֮ȫ帮
ⷴȻУҲǺܴ

¡
ںСʱ򣬾λҪΪ٣࣬ʷǺδбһϣһƬãȻ̾治֪ôǶԻǴǽδסʺǺ¾ǧˡ
ǷǳһˣѾ֪ҲģǸźյļƻߣʴԴʵǳǡ
ƽЦʷΣôʷͳʵǸɵöͬ£ϵֻֻأǶδⲡȥȴɵǲһ£δδ֪ҲڴʷҲãųҲգһ⡣
۴ƽ٣ȻˣΪȴԸ
ƽ̾ʹˣͣǵôҲȥƴһƴ
һЦʱ뺫ѧô˵ı¡
ƽһ㶣ЦҪˣҲԼĶӡ뿴飬Ƿ£˻𣿡
ɫЩȻĵѽ·ڵ£ôʵѾڷı䣬ⲻ˳ƶΪˡˣͷǣһɨգͻȻʲôƵãǸ˵ˣӨӨȥ˸֡
ƽüͷӨӨҲС˰ɡ
еǸӨӨ˼Ż£ӨӨϼޡ
ƽʵǸСй𣿡
ǵǡҡҡͷʱôСʲôСҲѾȢãֻӨӨԽƢԸԽ񣬲ϲ˹ϲǴһ𣬶ϲһ𡣲񳤴ˣҲΣڽ·Լȥ߰ɡ
ƽЦȻӨӨѡ֣һԼļƻɲΪ˰λ磬ҵڴܹڸָɳһҵ
֪ô˵ЦЦͻȻŶһǸ֮󣬺Ӧܹʲôûҹô
ƽٺǺǵСؽƻΪ᲻ô˵ڰվĶ棬ҲǵģΪԶὫƻκˡ




ǻأ
С˳ܵԣһϢ
ʲôϢ
㿼ȫ꼶һŶ
򼤶ѵ
𣿡
ոϽ߹ĺ̫ˣô󣬿ɻδһ
Цš
ʵСӿ˵ڼ
˵Ҳǲ
û㻹治˸壬ôţҪ찡
ɵ㿼ô
ڣ
Ԫĵô˻Ц
տԪĵЦʲôҿǳûп
ԪĵһЦһһʲô÷һѧ
öŶ궼һ
Ц
ﶼ̲סЦ
ƵĿԪĵô֪ģ֪ˣ¸ġ
Ԫĵݸ
ֳźСЦûУȥȥȥطҵȥ˵ţֽӸȣ
Цлл
źյĴȵҲ˸壬ôҲһ򰡣
յצУҪ
ܱûеĺá
С̫û׷ˣһۣСƨɣȥ
ź֣Լȥ˵ܵܣҽ㡣
㣡ĺˣһֻֻȵģٲҵģҷǸӡ
㰡
ԪĵҡͷЦ
ͻȻ˹Բ̡һ£ָױȣ룬͸˯ˣ
ԪĵˣƬ̣ŷӦߺ죬㡪ʲô
˫§ϸ֫ߺߵʲôǰҵϵףƻΰĸҪҷź򣬺٣㣬⻹û꣬ʣµĽٴ򡣡
Щſҡ
Ԫĵ΢΢š
šձø
Ҷ֡
Ҷ졣
㡭
Ԫĵ֡
ռ˼ǣȥ֣С֣ˣ
Ԫĵ֡
ɣɡ
ɿ
ԪĵŴӺ䳷ЦˣСϷ
סԼ󡭡̣֤Ҷİһֱûб
Ԫĵɬİһֵۣʺطãδš
һס֫пҪ꣬Ҫˣ
Ԫĵɲܴ⣬ɾ˶ǰģǿɻôС
Цһģκ˶ֹҸͷϡ
ԪĵЦõͲһô
һģҪ֪̫ʲôУ֪ڵҲġ
Ԫĵ΢΢ƫͷޱбĿ
ȴӣ£Ҫģһж˵ƿ֮С


󹬣
ôͣʲô£ͨһˡ
ϣͷĸףЩΡ
Ѿǰʮĸ䣬ʮǱͷϵǷǳٵģɫһλӺݻ̫̫ʿֲɵȥϵʱѾʮˣϲԵᣬʿôܸŮ
Ŵϵŵ㣬ǳ٣ҲϣҲʮͷˣžʮͷٸ͸һɳķ顣
ǷĲ㰡̾˿ÿǲҪôͱͥ£Ȼǿô㣬һŮô󳼣Ӧǲǣд
ЦǾ֪ɣŮһͿأⲻң»ŮŮѾ㣬ңôĹҲӦġ
ȾͽʱԼ£ȫܣûһҪΪûʸ
ĹЩӣǷģؼǺհѹŮѽղһ飬ڳҲûκҶһͿأǽȣһ˶Ҳηģ
һĨЦݣģа취
ϵʲô취
֡
Ǵľǰ취𣿵롭֣
ͷĿǰľƶԣŮҲѡ񡣡
üܹˣǱòˣǣŮԸ⣬ҲûԸ⣬Ͼ֮ôԹ
ԸġǵЦǸŨˡ


1879 Ů˿ɲ
֮ǰܳһʱڣҪ鶼ʡٿģΪʱʡͺһһ£֮ϣǴӽֻصʡãΪʡʡӭµˣҲϣģһֱúͳ˧ٹ١
һ磬ھѾˣԭձٿĵһҪ顣
˵ǰҲһǵֹ飬ֻǼؿǴͬ˵ʽΣֻʱԼΪһŮ˳ãҶûо飬͸˻عҲ˯š
Ҫг֮⣬Ѿȫ룬ΪǾٲģʱԼУĹ涨ǲֻܴճ
ȴԵЩ죬໥֮䶼ûκν̸һŹǷָڷϻȦȦ뿪Сڹ˫ԵЩʴӣֻԼ޳ָ
Ĺࡢ´ͷӣУĿ񣬷·
ʺݵ
һߺ
Ҫˣ
еҪͬʱվ
һֻһɫȹûôĹԵ÷ǳΪûΪƶٷֲܴ̫㣬һȹɳ޼ģȲʧׯԵ÷ǳ򵥡ء
ʣʵʲôνϾһƣ棬ͳΪˡ
μʺ󣡡
һҪ󳼹ֵ
Ŀ΢΢һɨͦһΡġɽֱǰ棬ʾλ棬ǾͶǱµĳӣЩȽڣɡλ
˹һ
ĿһɨĹ֮ǰͦأɫ࣬һЦλҲ֪֮Ϊ岻ʣҪǣ²ΪԼ壬˹ҷչʴĿǰǴڿٵķչ֮УҲǸλĹͣҲϣλܹ˼ڹҴ棬Ҫ˱µһģҲҪԼһŬ
ڳһۣƺԵЩΣȲҹµһġ
һ̷һЩ΢ı仯
ʵһĻΣ˵ʱԼʱԼֻ˻ʺȨǲδûзΣҪΪԻʺΪ
ǰ˵ǰ淸˴̬ӦҪŵһЩЩҪ󳼿Σ֮УңĹǵȻΪҪΪʺ󲻹һԶѡ
ʲôˣô־֣ȻѾŪʱԼҲǰЩѹңίȫҪ֪֮ǰһֱϴҲδһΣе˿ھΣеֻίԹܼ򵥣Ǹ׶ڴǷƾʲôھΡ
һ˵ĹûаƢΪ˱£Ϊңɲģб£ͱ
һĨ֮ɫͻȻһԷ·ĺգһ⣬ҲʱɢеֻƣĹǰţںǰȷʵûκεʱģǺһˣʰ飬֪ʵĿǰпн֮Ҫģ
ٲȻ˵
ջɢĿŶһʺ󣬳͢ѾкüûзлңǼң֮ӦǸϽлҡ
Ҳ֪һǱҲѾͨˣûʲôҵһСС顣
ǶȵĿѾǰ϶㻹ʲôճôᣬܹദô
ڴʵ֪ʺк飿
֪һηлңбҪڹԱٺ»Լĳڽ衣
յͷʺ˵ǣôһΪ˸ƳڰյҲ˴̼ѡ
Ƭ̣Ȼ˵ĻܷвһǮ޽
Ĺһ⻰̵УϿɻծۣʺ̰ͼܡ
һѵζ
ﵭݵˣôΪ˱µĲ룬λӦ֪Ϊʲô޽ҪΪ̫ƽϵͣ¹ڱȽϳʪڱµĲǷǳģҲϣܹһЩǮ޽㿵Ҳжһص
Ĺ൱㶲
֣ü޽ҪӴҪķѲٵǮǽǮȥ޽ļƻֻûС
ҵȻֻ֪Ƚµ޹޽ɣñܹվסõĻУģԽޡ˵ţбĿƳա
Եͷֻ޽޹ĻӦⲻ󣬲֮ǰûⷽԤ㣬һûȼһ¡
ԵͷֿĹȴǡ
ĹҲεĵͷû԰
ֿգʵ֪ԤУнѧԺļƻ
һĨ⣬ǴҡҡͷʱûС
ԣһĨЦ⣬ȴü΢΢һ壬͢䲼ӡ˰ʱҪ˰ռΪβʹǽһѧԺҲãҪðտ͢һûƭǡ
˼ĵͷʺǳãΪǿԵġ
ֿĹǡ
Ĺ඼ǶˣᷴԣǱ֧ռȻǵͷ޳ɣǾùֵֹģԤеȫһ
ɲУ취Ťתǡ
ôǵóѣܽᣬҾ飬ʣµǾԼȥŰɣʲôûˡ
ô˵ˣȻûбҪȥ
ĹǱһǰ׼ҪһһʹϣһȻܶݣȫģǳ˵ͷǵͷǳΡ
֮ĹͬܵĹһ㣬ͷɥ뿪ˣ
ν棬ûм֮

ϵ³һǰѾϵ֣С¬ʦԡӵĻʺ󰡣Ҷǵҷſ˵
ЦһȻֻᵽ˴ŵС飬һΪһΪ񣬻˵ˡ
μңһ㶼ϲСɵ£ȡ档
ССý飬С飬һΪһΪһҪ׼ǾôǷͬѰġ
鲦ѧԺʵ֮ǰߣðһֱռѧԺǰǳߵҲĿǰڰΨһȽһ棬֮⣬ĿǰòĹʴһҪץסһ㡣
֣еǱʺһû뵽ʺһ
ǵ̾ͲӦôӦûʺ
ЦŸտʼ㲻ô˰ɣʺҲֻʱȡϷ磬ӻˡ
Ц뿿ĹǸʺһЩѣջÿյġ
ֵʱֻ»һа뵽


1880 ˫ϲ
ΪһǧǱȽʵڵģϾ̫õĶʲôʲôΣʲôӣӲЩΪ֪˾ģǰôһҲֻЦЦѣҲû˵Ҫʲôһ
ĿǰҪľǷлңΪĵ£֮ͳ
ӡȯ£ԽУԪеĴȯҲһֱǽڰæԪԼŪȽĴȯ


ոո³Ժǽ⣬ǽڴЦ
ףСֵЦʲô£ôģտ첽ԺǰֻܵܡСҰ滪վԺڣΨܵһЦ
ۣС֣ǲǼǮˣԶЦˣ
˽
磬ô˰
ܼܵգʱЦһ첽ӭǰ
£ôأʲô˼֪Ƶá
ܵ΢㲻ϲҵô
ԽԽԺˣϲʲô
滪Ц磬ģûˣ
һϲģ
ܵЦֱͷ
ռһСֵĸ첲ǺѽССֿҪɽˣ
СС֣
ܵգգֹۣЦ
Ƭ̹
ιС֣С֣òİ

ͣܵЦǸͣ
նͷ϶ʱð
ʱﴫһкС֣
ЦȻֹ
ܵºǣתȥˣˣ
û԰
տЦҡҡͷûü˵һϲֿǸҪԸһЩĿ꣬СҰô
СҰһö˧磬СʱΪС۾ִ󣬿Щ̫Эǳ֮޳һ˫Ĵ۾Եø˧
СҰҸͦõģôأ
ֿ滪滪ǵͷһ̾
ǰɣСӻδϣûĿСҰСעһӴ
СҰĿźա
նøС˵ˣҡͷԵȥ׼ȥãǸǰͼһλ˴˳æЦˣŮĿȴ
ǸæסﶼŮˣ㿴ô
յٺңҷŻСֽȥˣ
СֵȻԽ񲻷ȥ
ǰһۣʵôôأ
ú϶ΪûˣŸոϳ¬˿ɻ
պһҸСǿǽֵܰȻͨ
ĿͻȻվԺз㶵СҰЦСҰֵܰ
նʱйƤ򣬵ҵͨСӾ͸ľͷƵãʲô취
ЦֵУ̫ˣһӵĻӣСҰ͸ľͷƵãҲС΢һ㡣
Ƕ񾭲Ц㲻ǿԸ񣬲һֱԻô
ޣ
ǰһۣ治ҪʲôĬĬڵȴһգһȵԼҪġ
µôţЩСС
ЦҪСŶ
һһ
һĵͷֵ帮Ѿˣɴã
Ц뿴ôʱ㿴
յ⿴ĻûʲôȤ
һ˫˵۾֪뿴ʲô
ûʱ򣬾ͱʲôŪҸ帮Ƶãɨˡ
һ
ֵҪпյĻͰСҰϡ
ǵⲻʲô⣬ǲ֪ܹеõʲô
ԽҵΣ
ǵϱ㿡ε˶಻ʤ˭ϡҪõġ
ûȥˣ
ճ溰ãܽô
Ȼᡣ
˵
յ㣬Ҳô
ܷڵ¡

⣬ʱЦ
ǺЦҲ֪۸㡣
Ц㲻Ҳ֪۸ô
˽̸һֱٴڳ֮󣬺ղŻ׼ڣʽС˵ϲֵܻܵ춼ϲ£ҲǴΪСָеġ
ֱɣľˣŴɣľȥԼڣ鷢лһ¡
ȵ֮Ѿǰʱ֡
ˣ
մڳü´Ӵ߳һ㶣æǰʵˣʲôʱã
µյá
պȻ߻վһòŮֻŮ崿߿ˣӨ͸ѩ˸ĹΣֳֺĽëһ˫ˮͫ͸һԡĵŮôЩѽ
¼ƫͷԵŮΣ̫ˣ㿴ʲô
ҿȻӦڨڨֻǾλСÿЩ죬
ŮЦ㲻ʶأ
򣿺£ͻȻָŮӨӨ
ŮǴӨӨ
úֻŮʮ˱䣬ڴӨӨӡ󣬻ͣǸСӣɰСŮ
ӨӨǹ˶°
٣СŮҲϻͷϰëպǺǵǸǸǽ׾ˡ˵ŻһתӨӨеŮǼȱȫеģĵǻѹġ
˫Ŀһɣ˵ʲô
ӨӨȴЦҸСһֱֻǺѣ̫ӡ
յͷ硣
ӨӨߵҲضãСֵǸ˵㲻Ŷ
ȿȿȣһڿǹͯ޼ɵͣɱϹ˵
С죬Ҳµý
´ӨӨѾҸ֣ҵĵ֡
Ǿ͸Ϲ˵ˣִȤӨӨˣҪڳл̽ɫģͦס
û꣡µһۣҪȥˣԷǸһȥ
룬̾˿ͷЦҵҲСףףҪǽ϶飬컹кܶˣˣһǸһȥɡٻǲõ
ӨӨЦ벻㻹ͦġ
յЦļල֮£Ѿɱһˡ԰ɣˡ
ºЦİһۣ治֪ߣһӶûС߰ɡ
˳ôԺϵԼ
ˣӨӨ仯ǴѽҲ㶼ϲˣϵǾȵ
µͷ˵㣬ǰЩӸռҲǴһӨӨ㳤ÿˡ
ŶһԭǴ޴ǳģ
᲻죿ºƵ
Σѧҵ̨ʣպǺǵֻǾͦиġ
½ĿһۣɱӨӨ⡣
亹йֱ۵ˣ˵ʲô뷨һӦˣľͲ˵ˣȥе÷򣬿ȥ
򴽣ûЦȻöˣѩǱ߿ɻһ㶯ûС
ŭ˭˵ûÿضɶСģ˵Ϲ
£ŷӦŭѽ˭˵ǡ˵ǷѩĶӡ
ǻϲ̫༱̾ˣ¾ͲҪȥ׷ҲǺܾòŻϵģҵʱйԹԣںǣνӵľò
µνν
յҲûа취ֲƭġ
µһЦû취ͶŬֻ׼ڷѩҹֱѩΪֹ

ʱǻûʧѽΣŵҪһ𡣰ϡ
޶˴ֵĻص
µͯүϷˣ
Ϸˣ
һ㶣һۣǳʲôأ
ȻææԺȥ
ǰͼһλݺͰ׷˵̡
СϷˡ
¼Ϸˡ
¡ǰеһ񣬺ϷʵϷˣأ
Ϸ˽صһƣһ죬㳵㻹˼أѩʱ֤ģûнѩϣ̫ʧˣ
վϷˣ⻰Ӻ˵СһֱԷѩǳѽ
ƵϷˣǲʲô᣿
᣿
Ϸ˺ߵһᶼûС˵ָźյ⵱ģԼӻ˶֪㻹˼˵ķѩ
㶣Ȼ˫ĿһϡϷˣ˵ʲôѩأ
Ҳ¶ϲ֮ɫ
ϷͻȻɫһ䣬ЦǺǵҪûĻɾҪסˡ
ӭӭ
պٺһЦֵԭϷǹŻСġˣѩأ
Ϸ˵ҼסţǰôæºĵҲҪҾ÷ѩ̥
һϷɡ
ȵ򡢺Ԫĵ֮һ̸ȥңȥѩ
ѩѩ
򡢺ܵѩ򼤶ſڴϵѩϲϲ
Ҳܵһſߣѩϲ
ѩ΢ЦСԴ
㣬Ҫһܵܣã
룬ѾܵܣҪһáܵܣأ
ҪһܵܣĻҾͲǵΨһĶӣѹɾҪСܶࡣ
ѩЦǴѧġ
Сɷµѩǲ֪вͬѧǶǼжӣĸǿĽѽ޵þʦȰסŪ˼ģҿҵȽϿҼȳԡ
Сӻ˼˵ǵ۶ӣֲĿѩѩ飬˾ȻҲǡ
ԪĵҲҲˣ
ˣǶŮж͸ϲõĹâıǻʱҪˣϾһֱǡ
ѩæ½㣬ĵ㣬Ҳ֪̽սҽлΪҰŷһˡ
ԭϷʵڵȲˣΪУŮҪûӣǷǳǳ˵һ£̧ͷ˽Ϸǿнѩ˹һ£û뵽Ȼ滳ˣ
Ϸ˹Ȼ㰡
ЦĴǰѩ֣գۣٺٵ˵ʲôţ͵ûУóϣЧ
ѩɫߺ죬ӵĻׯ԰Ǳ߻ϵġ
һԵĺʲôС
ʶĽݺһۺգ⵱ĻûӣӿɶϹ˵ʲô
֪һͷֻǽѩ֣ЦеĿ
ѩɬһֵۣˣϽڣһؼȥ
մ㵵ΪʲôϷ˵̥

ѩ㲻Ӧ˰ɣ
յΪеϷô
ЦҲ㣬Լж֪ܲϷ˵ġ
ѩƵס϶ŶˣѧԺǱô죿
Ŷ֪ˣԭϷ˵ĵѹϷȥ⽪ȻϵŻȻ
Ԫĵʱ㻹ʲôѧԺ¡
ջعͷȥ㵱ʱҲûкõȥ
һ仰ԪĵֻһŽ˸߳ȥ
ѩҲģзôҰ㶨ÿ춼㱨ܷ˰ɡ
ѩһҪæһЩпչЩ֮¡
µɣӨӨȥ㣬ӨӨǴһܹõġ
ѩЩԸС죬źա
տЦǰĪˣ
ĵúһºԪĵźͺȥˣڳռ
ϴѩ§ڻ
ѩߵİһۣ˵£˵ӡ
æ㣬˵ϵĻ͵в֮ڰݼڡ˵ţʵϲô
ѩͷ˵֮ǰҵǲãԴȥѧԺ֮ҵǺԼĺӡŮкãŮк
룬ʵֻҪǵĺӣкŮһŮĻЩ˻ûʧ˵ɣ뵽ҪˣǾͺܲζĻҾûоԻкáأ
ѩںջһҵϲŮһЩΪкĻһ㶼ϲһŮϲĸ״һ𣬶ĸŮ֮䣬˵һЩĻ
ЦǾŮɣ
ѩһЦֲܹġ
շǳ²ܹģ˭ܹģҸ˵֯ŮһкŮһŮϧǼ죬ʲôƶùҲ֪ǸеĽǻһ£ܹҵһЩ˿
ѩһʱûףƬ̣ȻӦ̧ȭ˺ռ£⻵ˣ֪۸ҡ
ס֣̾˿˸еϧ۸ˣǿֲʹడ


1881 ҵջ
ûǡôȻĲںЩҲҵһ׮£ҲܹҿȫĵͶ뵽ҵȥ
ռӭΪæµһʱڡ
ǾǷлҡ
һطлңش󣬹ҲǷǳģɲ˵򵥵Ľȥˡ
Ϊһظıǰķģʽк۵棬һõļƻΪֽҴ»
ڳǶϽٽܽ԰һΪٽʼ԰֣ܵĹȽ϶࣬ʴǰסĶһЩѾȫлǮӳ͢ҪеĽ⣬ĽѾ㲻ڽе
ԪҵĻͲҪΪ˷ΪԪұһ⣬ʳܹꡣ
ΪĿҲַǷֻһʻҲŴĹԱæµţмнеĻơ

ۣ͢ôһðôͭ
־ȵĿͷĳӡ
㲻Ϊװŵʯͷɣ
΢΢һЦŸոմǰһͣһ¡
ͣ
յӴ

Ѻǰϵľ
ǽɲǽӣһͭйԹžȱͭԭǽ
óһͭ֡
æҵĽ˹ϸ˿Ǻͭ
ЦģҪһ㣬ǽСԪи͢һǽСԪΪ͢Ч߻ġСԪûյ㹻ͭǾƲҶӡˢȯģСԪҪǿˣҸԪңҲܲ𰡣
ǣǣǵȻźС磡
Ǯĵֱͷ
ȵֽͭŻȥ֮󣬺һ֣ʿѺֿǱȥ
ֳһ֣˿첽˹մùһ̴ľĳЩ˵͢һֱңһأᷢ͢һ׵Ļңаֵ
һ׻ң
һԲ
ǻ֪ġ
յͷǰʱϵƷǳޣػؾôּ۸񡣶Ʒ۸ȻҲǶҳİҲϰм򣬶ʲôԼʴˣǰĻѾ޷㵱г󡣾˵ͭǮѾеһǮƷûֻ˵һǮЩֻһ˫ǳΪѣΪг󣬳͢Ŵ㷢жֵĻҡ
˵㽫ľдֻһ׷ǳĻңöңСɫһ
˿۷⣬ͭұǰĿɻҪĶѽ
Ҫ֪ƳĻһֱǷǳû˵͵ϣڲųʻҵġ
ߴı仯
óСһöͭһöͭңǰһǮʮ֮һģһǮ˵ţóһöɫԺڵĻǮȻСͭƣԭϵķȽһЩ
˵ţһöͭǮҲµĻңλΪԪһͭԪʮΪһģʮΪһԪԪΪһᡣڻҵԭϵãǵʱṫҿල֤ÿһöҵļֵʵġ
Щ˷׷ΧǰµĻңϸš
⵹ǲһ׵ĻңǽƷҲһЩ
ӷһЩ

Щ˶Դ˶Ƿǳ֧֣ΪƳĻǷʮ㣬Σǻ;һǮߺ˶಻֮ȻǷû뵽Ǿôһ˵̿жԼһ档
ֵ⣬ȯҲݻҵļֵƶֵ⣬аġģһǮֵ
ļ׵С磬Ȼˣ͢ǲҪϳΪҵߣ
ҡҡͷ⵱ȻᣬΪҪó׵Ʒ䱾;мֵĵλֻܰһƥ㣬ܵһƥҹھļֵ࿼ó׷أҲ֪ˮɴ֯ĳ֣ϡΪۣļֵ϶óסļֵ⣬еʱҲֵᷢһƥĴȯ֮⣬н
ָǽõÿǷǳٰ
ЦóлⷽĽף͢Ҳȥóף͢涨ͭǮĶһʵδѡ
ͻȻʵǲ֪͢ηĻңȫͶڳǷɢȥء
˶ڴĿźա
ǵȻϣͶڳôǵĻҾͷǳ㡣
յͷЦ붼Ͷڳξݡ
ԣһϲ
ֵ֮ôϣؽʳ͵һңλҲ֪ʳѾάֳ˿һҪӸؽڣˣǳ͢Ͱնôصˣ˳͢ϣı䷽ʽߵغгʳ߾֮һ
ͱȽϹƽˣ⿪ĵ
ǷǳģһԴͲ罭ϵҪڽϣǳûˡ͢ˣ˽ǷǳģΪ͢˶ǰշۣ˹ʲôĶѣ˽ôĹ
ʵǲ֪ʱӡˢȯ

ָŷмݣʱ͢ԪСнӡˢȯͬʱǻóĴ˼ලҲЩˣܵȥȫ͸
Ǯ󷽵С磬ҲС֮ˣҾʶѣηֹĳһ͵͵ӡˢȯأ
ĳһָĲǳ͢ôСԪвôôĻСԪоͻᵹհ
Цⷽ棬ʵǸӽţΪССһŴȯֱӹغŽкԪеȫµĴȯʹǽµӡˢӡˢһ潫ɳ͢ӡõĶǹ͢طһӡ໥ල
ôһ˵Щ˾͸Ӱˡ
ȯ˵׾һֽþãǹڴȯһУ͸
ȻߣɲǷֽô򵥣ϾôĹƣһǷǳǳҪģǹԱٺ»
ƳĹԱٺ»˫ƵģٺǮҲְʳȵȡ
մٺ»棬ȫĸĸʲô˫ƣǵ죬ͳһûҽ㣬ʳҪָܶӣҵľʡ¶ˡ
Ҳһƴ󹤳̰

Ŷԭна˰ٹ֮డ
տͳƳĹʵģԼһ
һԵŴ֪ʵٺ»Ӧôﵽһǧٹᡣ
ղһôࣿ
Ŵͷ͵ٺ»ʳΪĻֵǮʳһǮҵĻҪһЩоǣùԱٺ»Ҳٺ»֮УǷֿ㣬Ҳ˲١
ʵƳҲڸнһ괿ʰ˰ٹǮڵĸûм⣬˵ʳְһ˻ңҲΪʲôƳ̰ٷǳٵġ
ԭˣ
Եͷ
ŴֵҿȾ;Ҽ˹ѫ֮ĴĻһ治á
һһ㣬û˵ҲҪٺ»
Ŵ㶣ǺЦǣǡ˵ҪУɲֹһҪٺ»֣СС¬ʦǶٺ»ġ
ЦԭҲһǵٺ»
ŴЦŵͷֵǳжٺ»ƣǡ
յģֻҪûпȥǵٺ»ǾͲᷴԵģ෴ǻֵ֧ģ²ʲô谭
Ŵɵôаգ
ЦûаգҾͲⷽ棬ֻôһ㹦ˣⲻʲô⣬˷ЩȥҵķӦ
Ŵͷ֪ˡ


1882 
ŴԭںյĻǽŽɣȵųȥ֮󣬾̱ŲɣУ֧
ԼԱ֧֣ʽ䲼
֮ǰûʺĵͷ
á
ⷢл滹ǣٺ»ƣ
ٺ»ͳƵԲĿźա
治ɫĵͷΪӴȯĹ͢Լôȯܹðշĵʹôȯ˹Աٺ»ȫԴȯС
˵
ʲôЦҸǱΪɵĹʶյͷȾҲ֧ô
ԺɵĿۺգĵСֻ˵˱ɽһǰɣ
ٺ»ƣɲСģı䶯Ǵģĸı䣬Ӱ쵽ܶ෽棬ʶԣⱾӦõΪһֻжţǽտݣⲻӦжѽɲСѽ
̫˽⺫յ磬ؾᣬ˵Ļܾôһ仰һͷֻ֣ܸ·ߣϵı䣬մһеļƻ߶ԷֻῪһڣȻ󲻶ϵڡ
ֿĹ˵ǶԴѾأ
ĹͷйۣҲΪ͢ӦҲֻܹЧķֹ͢ķȯܹ͢ϸѭĻȯͭûκġ
֮ǰͶڷֽңǣĵԺĹԱֽҼڹԱԼУǿɾͲһֵÿǵĲƸ
ŷǳٺ»ƣȥӰߡ
أҲ޳𣿡
еҲһЩԵЩϣְܹֻǽٺǮΪͭҡ
ͷҲŷǣ˷䶯ǲС͢Ӧؿǲǡ
յÿһˡ
ʵ˻
յʵÿԱжԼǵʳģԱʳȥг϶һֱӷлҵĻԱøӼ򵥡֮⣬Ҳܹʳ󣬿ȶסۣ½÷ǳֻҪгǳˣôŻʳ˵һ̶ϣ˵ѹ
ԱŵĶǻңǾͱȥгܹ̼гѣʹҵøӷ٣ڰǷǳġңǰٺ»ƶȣźܶ಻ƽ󣬹Աɫ룬Щǳ֪͢ģҲ޴ȥලñԱϲ˿µٺ»ƶȱݣıƶȣûӸϽ⡣
ⷬı֮ÿԱٺ»Ҵ˵ΪΪʳԱõĹԱӦڳ͢ģٺ»Եɳ͢ǹԱԼУھ٣ռطϣطԱһֱŲƽͬģΪطĺûٺ»Ҳñһͳһٺ»Զԣ͹ƽܹ࣬ʹһЩв֮ʿȥЩƶĵطٺ»һĵطǳİ
գ΢΢üаհ䲼֮󣬲еĶ
ʺʵԱֵ֧ģΪְĽǷǳ鷳ģֱӷǮĻﷴӰһЩЩԵģҪҲԴȯֱӷҵĻǿܾͲᷴˡ
֧ٺ»ƵģҪеͲԱΪǺõְ׹ݣ¢ˣЩʱ⵽ְֵĶȹ涨Ҫ࣬Ϊ͢еԽԽ٣ٰռԽԽ࣬ĹԱֱӷǮȽʡġ
оǣһЩרڴµĹԱǵٺ»ȫԹԱҲйԱ˿ٺ»ھǷǳģǵȻҲ֧֡
ҪУûмٺ»Ȥ֣С¬ʦԡĸҲЧºգҪ͢ٺ»ΪеǮΪҳһչбǳǮȥģʱȥ׬Ǯ֮Ҫöࡣ
ЩϵȽϷԣĻɫ룬׼֧֣оǣԽԽȥѧԺ飬㲻ʳȥȥ԰棬ҲʳƱⶼҪҵģҵļֵΣǼкܶҲǱȽȱңҲûһȥԡ
ǰЩʱ򣬲ϵĶ񲹾֪ʶֻǱɽһǣûô콫е͸
ǻ˵кܴĹϵʵûУ˼ôȥĻ뺫ԽԽ⺫յĵλͻȹ̣ҲΪʲôҪı享ߵԭ򣬺ڶûнԼȫϵı䷨Լĵλ
д󳼶߱ģ޼ػؾôһУͬҲУҪԼˡ帮ڶˣǱҪڳнԼΨǲҪģΪڲϱ䣬Ҳû˭תһͣͻ⣬ϻصΣѾ֤һ㣬ֻȥ֧
˵֮ǳĬҲ֪ʲô
úһŵͷȻλԼĴ󳼶ָ֧ĸǾôɣ
ߣʵǷǳҪģʱԼǲģ֮ǰѾͨߣΪߣθǱΪ飬˽µߣͭʹʱ򣬾ͿʼרӪͭʳȥչͭ
ʴⳡֻһ湦ûоȨȨϸôţЩùʰɡ
Ҫʲôʣ
ƺҲǰʣΪҲûȫ͸ıʡ
ڻ֮ûм뿪ã棬ٺ»ͳƵϸĿţðΣŷʱһˡ
ⳡ󣬳͢Ϳʼʽִߡ
һȻǷٺ»ڻûеٺ»ʱ򣬵ٺ»ȷھ٣ɲ˵һλһгʲôõȻͱ÷ǳҪҪŪ֮ȥǹԱˣʲô򲻵ҪҸ
һʵǺշǳϤ·ǡǨ
շлҵĲ裬ȷͭңٷдȯΪкܴĸı䣬һǮǮǮһԪǮĻңȯֵģյʶҲߣֱӸǴȯտЩӦγȽͭҷĸһ⼯ֵĻңȻٷдȯ
ͭһֱĹУѾһˣ
ͭڳ͢ģ͢ҵͷȥôȥңǾִĳڽƻȫˣҪĽǱȲܵðЩհɣ͵ݡ
Ϊʲôյǳ֧ߣΪʵҲļƻ֮ڣһֱó̫գԷչҵգһڲ֣ĳƻ
Ǩƻ˵ǳ͢ڽģĸĽʵǺͼƻõģ֮⣬϶дģҲγһЩΪһֱչȻֱȥһڳڵķݣҲûʲôһһһ㰮
ˣ߶ûʽ䲼ֻϢڵİǻϲأնǳԸһ³͢Ƕһ
ԺǲģʱӦҪ۵ģ˶޲ȥǶӻ
İտɲôǲû뵽̫㲻ϻе˿ϻ
ΪסڳڵˣԱ֮⣬ͶһЩ񣬶涼͹̽׼ΪһЩӰ˵ˣũһ㶼סڡǰԸ㣬ڼ㶫ȻõгȥȥȣȵˣСԴΪʱڼöǼȷû˼ĺã˼Ҽ۸񻹲ôӮ˼ҡ
ټ֮ǰһΣս˻ع飬ģȥ£ȹһΣ˵ɶڽ⣬ڳںܶ񶼵ô͸ȥҪǰǷǳʹģڵȻԸס⣬ңסݣŶ
ʶȶԣȻҲסȽԵöӵѽһиơ


1883 ϲ
İգûǰԸʱǰɢǰնǸ廧ɹ滮ʱģϰ࣬ǾҪǱ÷ǳϽڴ󻷾̼£ոǸɾʮ㣬˵ɾ͸ɣΪʱǽǮ
ԽܿͿʼʵ䶼ѾǺˣȥǷǳƯҲǳ⣬ʵҲı仯ǷǶű׼ĳߴ磬ŴļǰһǰԼǣľͷҲҪٵú룬Ƿǳªġ
ôȻľͷΪשΪˮһ㶼ڵ·ΧǽԼһЩ衣
ΪǸסģնѾϰסľݣͻȻı̫Ļǿһʱ޷ӦľĸҲҪܹ࣬ƻ˵Ը⣬ĿǰˮҲ㲻󹤳̣Ϊڽ軹Ҫܶˮ࣬ˮǴڹӦ״̬
ȽľǶֳɵģֱӴӴǱ͹ģҲǾ޽е£޽ݣӹͲϣȫ෴ѽ
һ㶼ǹ޽ϡ
ҪΪˮĳ֣ǼٹľĵʹãҲҪôľģҴǱʱֻ޽޹ʵ۸ٺñˣȵҪ޽ʱľĹȥˡ⣬ǱҲͬʱڶ
˵ƻṩ˴ĲϣƻִС
ЩֻǱϵĶϻǴ̼á
˵ĹǮսģõǮ׷ҲǳУôǱȻҪȥѡ
г̾ͱŷ
Ȼ֮ǰ˵߳ΣгǰģûлΪȱңȻͰ䲼͹Ƕ˻ǷʳΪϵ˴ĻңҲûжٻҡ

ƣʮ̳ӹơ
һֺӣǮҾ̣š
ϣԭǽˣ
һЦӭ˳
ѽǮҲڰ
򡣡
Ǯ󷽡
ǺнͬǷ¥Ŷеһͷʴ˽ַƺΪ
˼ֻһͷͷˡ
ǮЦôǺȾư
ͬͷ⼸ֵҹɻͦģպ࣬Ҳɲ˻ҾʹֵǺúóһ١
Ǯ󷽺Ǻǵ͢ôụ̀ؿҪˣ
ͬûǮʡʡɣЩˣǮҲȲǰ⼸ĹǮͶ𡣡
ǮЦָָͬǺСˣ˵̵İ
˵䣬һܹ磬Ѿã
ͬóһѴȯݸ˷
ǮæȻᣡôǴȯǷĹǮµͭǮô
ͬԭͭǮʵǲ㣬ɣľܹܸǶһ˴ȯɣľܹ˵ˣȻµôȯûгģǵʱϵôȯȥһţڽȥĻҾˡ
ǮЦǺǵֻǺСôİɣ
Сôæпչǡ֪ͬǮ󷽵˼ֵǮ˵ʲôã߯Ҳһ㡣Ҳ룬ǺСǻؼظТǾͲҳɶˡкСڣȯһʧЧģҪǺС粻ڣвЧҲòȥ
⻹˵ǮεҾ˵˵ѣʲô氡

ͬʱҲ֣ȥУӲг̼òƻıڣܴ̼ãղܴӦƻһȥ۲гı仯Ҳڵٸǰͬһ㣬ǰĹ٣ڸ档
;ٰնڸǴкһҪ󳼣ģΪǰһֱ䣬մ򽻵Ծûָ߸ϵĸо޼ǲһʱ˶ûм޼ɣǺյĻ˶
ˣв٣ܹһг͸ģûа
һӾͱ÷Ǹп
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վĿȥֻżԱһţһ߹ţæ顣
Ŀ̿첽˹ǺС簡
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ȻְûкոߣͰƺ棬ҲȽ⡣
ЦǸոշã׼Է˳Ӳһ¡أ
߹滮һ⣬Ϸ͹
տЦ飬ˣС£ͽȥɣҪ¶ɲãƻעʧܵġ
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飬Ҳ̫ǫˣȯĻɶǳ֣벻Ѱ
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ҡҡͷҲ֪ʿձһֱǵĳڹܡ
¬֣ЩʿǣҲ˳۵ʿձ淢Լ£Լ˼룬ʱȻûдձôڣȴһǳʵĶߣЩ
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¿ԽԽȡ
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ƪ³ѧϢ
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һ֣Сڼ
ڶ֣թʵ
һ˵ͬʣֻһһ
ڶͬҲһһȴǷʡ
ǰ߶ǴҶ˵һ֪߶ǴҶھӵһ֪
չ⿴⣬֪ΪʲôձķͷǹˣȷʵǷǳ˵ġ
ƪдǺð
֣ػؿü㣬ҡͷͬƺݷǳĿ
ĸĽ˼˽һ𣬹ؼ˵úеǺҴһĿġ
С˽֪Ҳһֱ˷̵ġµȴΪС˳ɹĻǰҲӦöԼСԼҲСʵǽڼˣӦҪȾӻҪڷܡŬڼ󣬷ܳɹ
Ϊɥ־Ǯһɥ־ʮа˾ŻʧܣҲƸ˶ԣǿĲƸƸӻˣҲܳɹд۶ɹ˵Ļʣǽڼ
˵÷ǳԣ˵ýǮͶʣ׬һǮȥӻҲܵһɶжо˵
թͳʵ͸Ӻ˵ˣΪ͢ᳫãʵ㣬ˣũ򲻳ʵĻ߾ˣҪ˴򽻵Ҫ˴򽻵ġ
ֻôʥ֮ԣʵʥ˵ЩǸιйأƪȴϣͬҲǷǳġ
пϲʵһֱҪģǲҪ죬ΪҪ汾µģ˼оķǳ͸ãȱǾ汾£ѧȻɹѧֻҪһѧϵͳΪŴĿѧǺɢģѧǽЩɢѧʸһʵǱϡ
֮󣬺ձһ֣ʵǵ治֪£
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Ц޼ʿ£ֺҳݡ
ЩˣǷǳӴϵġ
տԵͷ룬ѵ޼Ļ
ΪƪǴں˼ڵһ㣬ܴҵͬ˾һ㣬ܴҵıӣʵ˷չģ˼Ĺ⻷ô˾ͲҪԱˣҲҪܵƣܿıͬġ
ҲǷǳǷǳġ
ҪǣǴ޼ҵд£˵д㺫дóƽҲǱȻֿʼۣ޼ҵдãܹٵı˽ܣΪ޼ҵ֪ܵʶӵأؼǲ˳ˣ͸ӹƽһЩ
һ޴ľϲ
ɻδȺջعһͻȻǰȭְμ
ջͷһʵʲô£
ְǷ˾֮ȥһˡ


1884 ˰ƣȡ֮е
ص룬ǿ϶ʲôС£ǺҲû뵽Сֱӽ뵽ǵ
ȵյʱоˣκ
ȥεľҪ࣬Ͼѹ᲻٣¡
ҲݻһǳȤƶȣϯճξרŸ£һ£Ҫ棬ΪʱԼϸԤ
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ǴĹ֮׺֮ס
ɫ󶼻ǱߴϢмӴ󶼻ǱѪжСɡ
㶵ѪУ
ͷΪڵ֪м֮ެɵľӱ㳷˴ɡ
ϲǺѽ˵ţεӢ䡣
СӣЦЦЩά֮Ծ͵Ȼ˵ɣȻǱѪСɣҲһ⣬мΪСԵֵסެʹɵĹٽСɽСɵӣֻµʱֻصޡ
ͷϷҲͬмĿСͬҪ壬ٽظСɣ̫󣬾ͻɴ󶼻ֱͳܡ
С֮ǰֻǴƵķɲ˵мȻϣֱӽСƵİͼҲΪƿҪ֪Ƶ۹ǷǳпΪ䣬Ҫ
ճΣҡҡͷҲ޳ô
βΪΣ
յ˾շѾ˵ˣСͨҪ壬ȻҲǱұ֮أܱ۸ӣֱΪҴƵİͼôƱػҴܱߵìܣСɵӼͳεأҴƱɹ˿ء
üСɵĵλöڰķҲǷǳҪģһڵ֣֮ǾͿֱв򡣡
ҲԵͷ
յפ٣ֱͳСɣҲСɵʿȥǺβһЩȥǹ̵صķءǾռСɣҲܱ߷ǵģ˵»ضҴɱԮǴǱߵ󡣵ȻҪԭ򣬻ĿǰǴƲû㹻ʵƿסǱߣҴƵİͼѾ㹻ˣӦȹ̹ڵͳΣȥռףҪסѰ
˼ûлָЩģֱⷪͳΣ£ެһɨСɿ϶Ŀ꣬ͼ֮ڣǱûǮֿ˾Ϊأ
ϵصȹ꣬ڷչɶԼ¹ȻͳΣǱܽķŵǱȥ
ۺգҲ֪ҪǮģĻҲҪҺ飬˵ͷεϳ˵Ҳ޵
һǾôɣֲСɵͳСɡŶѾϢެʹϾҪˡһֱ㸺ެ棬Ҳȥɡ
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ڨڨ½ѵǣ΢ʧˡ
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յ£һжǳ˳Ԥָܹ꣬Σ֮ǰˮƽ
εͷкɬ⼸ڵ˰
ƺε˼ֵģԼڵԤƾܹһ
Ǿϲһ
յͷڻҵĴ̼£ѽ⽫ʹģģֻʹӡ˰ӣ͢Ͱնе
¶Цݣλڣ޿ɰİ
æ΢һ˵ĹͣʺĴ󳼶ǹû
Ц˵ʺĲ
յͷʺȷʵӹɣҲ
εͷ˱ã˱á
ެⷬٶԤʾһ̴Ƿǳʧʿɶ̣Ϊǰĸǰվ㣬ĸǰվ㣬Խ࣬Խ࣬ûгʿǾҲûʲô
Ǻ治̣رެ֮ڣڷɵĹؼʱڣɲսˡ
Ҳû뵽ʵެ֮ôˣ򣬾ֱˣҪΪ»Ⱦز»޼ȫ֤»޵Ȩ뵽֣֮Ӿ»޼ϣҲҽӶȥ̣ʱެҲڽһȨĶ
ɲΪʲôܵôҵﴵΪεϾģϻ¹ȻʧߣҲǰһǡ
˳͢ʾջСɵϢѸ£ǻʵ۵쵼£ǵĴǱѪеľͶСɣɼǵĻʵǶôӢ䣬ɼǵĹңǵľǶôǿ
ʵСɸԭëϵûУ֪ǰŴϢǳ裬ǿĵĲ˵СɣΪǿľһְȫУٲú±˴ǾܹȫĵͶ뵽С
ɼҵǿʵܹܺõģ峯ĩնԹΪ裬ôܻԸΪֹЧ̿϶ܣҪɵġʱڵƳɾȫͬƳϵһ۹ȫ磬ǵȻ˭ԸΪƹ͸ǿ˶ԸΪҷսһѭ
ȻֻһСһΪʵ֮󣬳͢ʽʼӡˢȯ
ǰĴȯǽһӡԪҵҲǽдӡģûʲôעĵ㣬ΪжӡˢնڴȯΣȫڶںյΣô˵һߣȯ͵ǳΣУѾֵ˵һ㣬һߣ˵ȯжΡ
ָ˳һӰ죬޷־õģҪϲģҪ־ãͻҪƶ֤ĳ˵ֻһʱܶڿʼźܴİǳ֮ơ
ձʽӡˢȯ֮գӹɣȫǹע
һ磬ĸ̺ͳܱߵһЩǳʿ֮⣬ʡʷ̨˰ֵȹԱǿɶලģǲѹء
ˣÿ֮ǰյ༶ĹԱ
Ϊһ׷ǳܵĹء
ʲôƶȣʵƽȣƶȨԳ־ãΪ©ԽԽ󣬵Ȩǲʧģôֻܲϵȥ仯ȥ
ԭô׼һǿ϶ۣȺ֣вٹѾˣҲ˵˸վһʿʿվһ𣬶Ѿ̫ˡֽײվһͬһ£ʵǺȤ󣬴Ҳǳܣ·һûоƾʢ硣
С磬벻ôϸ񡣡
ֶΣܱȫǽȫװǹѩⰲѾﵽ˻ʹģû뵽ġ
ЦⲻǷϻôӡһǮǾ͵ÿһǮҪϸһ㣬Ҿ͵Ʋˡ
ͺСĲƸҪƲǮɶҪѵöడƨ
ͷܹ͢ôҲܹĲٰ
ֵС磬˵͢Ͼͻ䲼ʷΪϸĻҷ˭Ҫ˽ңٷǳĳͷ
յͷ£Ϊ͢лңǶǸгģһ׷ǳܵĹʽΪ̫࣬ᵼ»ұֵгŷǳ˺ҪϸơͬʱҲϣЩˣܹЩʻң͢СԪǲЩ˽ıҡ
Ҫǳܹ͢㹻Ļң˭Щҡִֵ
ֱͷ֪ǼٵĴȯأ
Ц˭ҪܹԼĴȯҪðǷգֱҿֱӸһᡣ
ֺǺǵС磬⻰ɵ棿
յǽеĴȯҲһЩˣ㿴˭ܹαһشȯǲõĸΪӵļҪƽЩҲ˵ܷɹɹûи߰꣬Ҳǰ첻ģȵоɹֻƳΪȽĴȯһǳġ
һ˶Цֱͷ
ʵȯһֱúڿƼֽŵӡˢǶǳǳȽǵϼϿԽһУҲǴȯܹɹĸԭ
ǮͻȻԶվŵһȺߣС磬пʿձ
ԶԶԣʿձݿ˲Сۡ
ʿձʼΪ˵̫ˡ
ɲôвʲôıɣ
ԸǣЩʵͽˣɲЩʿĶְ

һ˵ʿձЩ˿ʼߴߴ˵ʿձƪ£˲˵ӣҲ۷׷ףʿձͷسԵӦʲôζ
ʵͽˣֻЦЩˣıӣʿձݣҲǿģҾ˵ͦ
Ǯ󷽵Ҳ̫ˣʿô˵С磬˵治С
ı
š
Ǯֱͷ
˶źա
ЦıʵҲ̸ϡ
ǾСǮ
ǵÿôȥյʵƪ£ǴӸϷΪʲôһֱܵѹȵԭеȻڵأҪԼ⣬˸һ˼һô
ļ׿ЦõҪ˸һǻʲô
Ҳô˵յ㿴˼֣УҲһˣȡ˷ǳĳɹ˵Ǿ𣿡
Ҳһ֣а
Ϊʲôƶֵڶ
ЦһǾ仰Ҫõ࣬Ⱦ͵ø࣬ΪʲôһΣУǣȴøƵãΪôİգȴڲϵļ沢أϰաܱӣʵְҵʵϵҪǿȥġ
ڴ֮ǰҴӲΨͼǿƪ֮Ҿ˲һζȥΨͼӦÿǸ࣬Ǯ׬׬ʱÿԼɲǰˣʴҾҪƹˤҾΨͼȻˣͱԹ˼ұ㡣
ֵͼǮҪʥ˵ռ˼ҵı˿ɶʧ¡
˵СӲһͦҵô
ҡ治֪С⻰˼
Ҳֱͷ
յ˵ˣǮǿ϶Ҫ׬ģ׬ǮʲôˣҲҪûô㣿׬һǧᣬʮǮ£СͶʣرѽЩʿ򲻶ôģǼҵĲƸѵ٣ЩƸҲϵģʵ֮ͬ˼һˣߵİաڶͷˣǮٶ࣬˱ӣҲûʲô壬ˣܹ˫գ˰ƣʵҲܹȡ֮е
ñ֮֮ǽ˺ֵķǳԣյ·Ǳ԰նϲ֮֮˵·ɶǺܸߵģ˼ҸҲԸΪЩߵ̶ǳӦúúȥоЩ£ҲǶδ˵Ҫ󡣡
Щ˶ǳ˼ڶѾǷǳǮˣٽһͽǮûжĹϵλ


1885 ⲻǮƷ
ˮۣܸۡ
ʵһ仰ÿ׼ʹãģ޷ȥˣǻʵۡ
ʵΪʲôϲѹˣ˵ÿʵ۵ʹ˵Ļ򣬻ʵκ¶ԼΪϲѹˣҶ֧֣תìܣҪѹʿ𣬷Ե˶ȥǾìܡ
ʴˣҪĻһҪıģϲʵڴ֮ǰվ;ǸգȥһЩڰյ£˵ĵλŻ
Ҳֻ˵ȥյֻܼһһһֳ˼ǿԺһƬ˵ģΪʲôƪ¸մ˾ϲһԭΪܹʹȥ˼ȥı˵
ıĻ˾һȺʵʱףˣҶ֧֣Ǯֶ֮࣬ǰһΣѾ˵ֻҪȨߣһȥǴҶǽơ
֮䣬СԪСڽı£ǴӡˢȯԭϡӡˢȯķֹǷǳϸµģӡˢȫŵģԭڷеңĹȻһһֹӡˢһεĳͣͿԹһ˹һ꣬ǲԭϵĹֵǷǳϸҪ֤κһ˽ӡˢȯ
Ҳý飬ԭϸƵģܶҲٴ
鵽磬ˡʿһҲżԽãǾ͸ӷġ
еһ񣬺նδ룬һֱǸǮһ죬Ҳǹ涨ģΪյ̫УǽеˣҸԪһϵĹҪղ׼С
Ȼղ룬ɣľ룬˭Ҫ滨УǺյȻҲӦҲΪ໥ල
֮͢ӡˢȯ൱ŪøһЩ¾Ͳܼ򵥣򵥾ͻ⡣
ǣʼһûල


һձһպãޱǷѽ
ϣŲԶҽͬɢ룬¶΢ЦȻƫͷȥһЦⶼǻʺĹͰ
Цĸչ˶ӣйһ˵
ǣ˵ˡЦŵͷֵˣպǴȯӡ֮հɣ
һ
Ҳ֪еΡһ䣬ֵʺ󲻴ȥ𣿡
ҡҡͷȥĻֻ鷳ﲻʲôæ
ε˵ܶˣǰ¾ȥˣ˭ҪŲţ޾Ĳ
ΪĹϵ޶˳·ָֻǰ罺ᡣ
ˣ˵òǴ¡
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ڹȥһУڹ£Ƕҵ鼮Ϊιۣ˼ҪԶʤ˼롣
Ŷһʵ˻
ƣΪԻҺþ£ԸӡⲻӦ˵֮ô㿴һð˳ƷԶ֮ǰСҪö࣬ҲҪõö࣬жʼ乺Ͱˮ࣬ǲƸҲǹı֣ǳ͢ô
ˣⶼԼչģ͢ǵǸɷչƾ˼룬ǲܷչģɼȻչ˲У͢ȻҲȥԤȻչӦ˳ӦȻչȥƶӦߣʵĵȯʵǴų͢ΪΣΪȻչһ͢ôģȥĻҶҵĴڣеܵԼߵִС˵á
˵һ̾޶õľ˼룬ϣܹƶһƵƶ淶ÿ˵ĵΪ̻գȥıôڹҺԼû뵽Ǿ⡣
޷ΥȻչĹɡȻ볼檶еƷ裬֣֮ǳȴתķǳãЧҪԶʤǰÿ¶÷ǳΪһЩǸܹԼǻۣ¶̾޴Сһ⡣Ϊ˼ıʾڽ̻óӡնҾι棬Ӧòõҵ˼룬׷ΪΡ
š
˼ĵͷȻһմãϲʺһ˵̫ѽҴƾΪΣܹٳ߸ͷһι棬˼ȷҪʤ˼밡
Ƿǳɫμң˵ÿһÿһ£ź塣
һǾ׼ãɲ˵ھ˵ġ
֪һηǳġ
ΪһֱΪȵģǸ棬̫ڣҲһֱҪе˼룬ʼûѹ˼룬һֱ˼ѹţΪԺ۶֮˼õķչѾģԶҡ󳼶Ƿҵι˼롣һ͸κܶڷչҵҵ˼ǺϵģôǷԽҵŤת˼Ĳ棬ңǷǳҪġ
˵˼ιõΪ°յͬôҵĵλ͸ȹˡ
ΪĿǰкܶʿ嶼ͬӵĺˣֻԼ𣬷ǳҪΪһ˵ǿӵĺˡƽӵ˼뷢ôݹ˵Ĺ˼άͻԽͬӵĺˣôϵĵλͻ࣬Ҫ֪ʼλͻ¬֣ȻĻҲҪʲô־ɷ涨µһջǲͬ
Ϊй˵ʵԼȣҪ˭˭˭úˣǿɾͲˣγĵ֮࣬ҲȰ˵ʽΪȣܹԼĵλ
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ǫһЦ·ͻȻʲôƵã£Ǽҷ̫¡
˵΢΢һ̾Ҳ֪ǲǳ֮ǰ̫Ĵ󣬲ۺԳ¸ȥһ˴ȶ£ԡի伸գΪºͺ⣬һЩɵ·ȥѧԺһЩӣϣܹ΢ֲ֮ǰµ
æ֣ο壬޹أΪȥǱȥɡ
ϲ˵֪ŴģҪͺˣھŴĳٻŴεĻھһΪĴ󣬾̫ˡ



⡭µĴȯ
̫ˣ
ǰȯ˭ûѽ

ȻӡˢδҪһ£ϾȫֹģǻӡˢԶ֮ǰңҪö࣬ҳɱҪʮ֮˾š
ǺȾóȫµĴȯЩˡʿ𿴿
ΪôȯһҪͬžмֵ˵ֻһֽ
ȫµĴȯһ֣Щ˾̾
ֱ۵һ㣬ȯǲɫģļɫӡˢǾǺڿƼӡˢǿɶǺڰ׵ġ
ȻյӡƱùɫҲ˵ǲɫֻ˵ɫģȯɾʵǲɫ
һ״ȯֵһ֡֡һġġһԪʮԪһᡣңһɫʣɫǰסࡢ̡ơ졢ϡ
һǮɫΪɫʵҲΪͭɫͭ۵ɫźԵ
ƾһ㣬Ҫα죬ɾǷǳѵġ
⡭ǳô
һһǮĴȯŴȯͼǾȵҪǶףӡֱ̫˼ˡ
յͷͼǳǣҾͲ˵ǺȣҲԭͨĵ·óףҲԭһˡ
ʵԭɽΪͼƳƾɽһսͻʵ۹ԭպնһսǳ̣Ҷһˣ˵ЩͲ̫ãǾ͸Ϊȡ
⻭ǳ֣֮
ԻġЦŵͷֵӡˢ棬ҲһĹķѰ֮òŵ̶ɵģϾ޽еġ
ôŷǳ죬񡭡ְ
ǰĴȯдǴȯ´ȯдǴȯֵ֮⣬һ֣ơԭáԪĹǿǵԪңΪԪҸƽ
ѽȷ֡
ҶԴƺǳȣ̫ȷĿźգΪͱﳼģ֣ǿ֡
Цȷ֣Ǳ¾ģ¿Ƿǳģʲô󣬵Ҵܳ鷨֮һ鷨ҲҴ貵Ļ
ԭǽдģƨ֮⣬Ҳǲö˵˼治˼Լ֣Ϊ˶鷨ǷǳģΪԼԶЩ鷨ңҪдȥĻǿ϶ᱻ˳ЦпܵģΪĹࡢЩĳͲǺͬдվ֣Ϊ鷨ȷʵǳ˲𣬿˵ǿƿŻǿԪ֣ͨҲԨ֣ŷѯ֡
ɼ˱ȺˣҪнڲһЩĻƸȨ޹ءǺ˿ö֣ȨͲƸֻҪˣдòҲкֽܶкã޲ù۵ĵط֮ǷǳҪ


1886 з
Ļ֣͢طյĺڿƼ
ôΪⲻǮֱƷ
Щʿ𣬶ǷǳϲĽ
޲ȥŴ󣬵һԼ
С磬ܲһװ
ǰ֣ͲԸŻȥ
Ц⻰ʵãǮҵģ㲻Ҫǣǳͭ͢ѺСԪУһȯǳ͢ǮÿһǮġǮǳõģٶУαؼһʱ
ǣǣֻǮ̫ÿϸĸţֽŵʸУɶһһģŶǳ
ҲǷ׷׵ͷ
յһֽţǲϳֵģң˦ʱ򣬻лǳ⣬ҲǷαһ
𣿡
˦
ﶼǻ
ѽ
ⷽ߯Ҳˡ
󣬺ҲһЩαǡ
ǴҶΪﻹҪαӲŻȥαȯһ۾ͻˣֻĳһּûеģǻ˵ؼŴȯûеãĻ֡
ӡˢֹƷҶ⼫ˣμҲ˴ȯöȡ
ʱһ˽ȭһСҰ㡣
СҰյͷλʧһ¡
Ŷ㣬㡣
û˿Ŵȯġ
ɫһĨΣһһԵһ㣬ĪҪ˸˳ǣˣ

е˶ʱˣ
ģΣҲҪΣպСȥ

磡
棬СҰ˹ںնС˵˼䡣
վϲ棿
СҰͷ
ֳߵĻȥУеҪ죬Ͳˡ

ձ뿪ϳǱȥ
СҰ
ϵĺգͻȻ
СҰƫͷʼղ̫
ЦССϾҪɽˣǲ֪ССҰûгɽĴ㣿
СҰһ±ơ
һҾûгɼҵĴ㣿
СҰɫһ죬Ĭ
һЦҲڸ㣬Ӧôֻѡ
СҰأԳĬ
յѵֵܻʲô˵ô
СҰֿۺգðΣŵҲ֪
Цǡûϲأ
СҰգգۣƺ˼
տȴһϲǰҲʹСҰ⣬СҰشķǳɴ࣬ȴ˼֤϶У΢΢һЦСҰΪ˿ɵһ㣬ҼǵһֱͦӺŵģô棬ôηη
СҰۺգͷ֪ˡ
̫˽СҰһǲСҰϵģΪһĻòСҰòǷǳȵģҪʱ佻Ż㣬ϲ㣬ǡûСҰߣҪ˹ɫСҰȤģˣҲںһֻȥɽһꡣ
óţ̼ӿٶȣеС죬һȽƫƧɽ¡
СҰ͵ɽϣȷܱûΣգ뿪ˡ
նһɽֻɽһȽƾɵĵۣһվڵǰңԶ
һĨЦ⣬ǵ󣬼ǵûзһĨϲɫ˫һţ˹ȥǰһΣǵ˾Ȼˣӳľǡɽ£

˫ʹĻӶţͼȶסΡ
˵ʱ٣ʱ죬ֻһסΣоһȻת˫һصǱһţӳһƮݵɽ
ոȥ
վֵĴһʶȥȻһգã
ʱŵɫ԰ס
ʱǰһֻץס졣
ֻһǳǲֵǮգ۵Ĺ򣬾Σա
ղ԰׵ɫ¶һĨȻЦ⣬Ϊ㣬һʲô
ǵ˵΢΢죬һۣһɵĽո

ظǵ˵棬㲻ıɱ׷򣿡
ǳ˶档
˶ߵвԱС
ûôŰɣյνСʤ»飬ʤٶǷ飬ֹ񡣡
˶俴ǻұȥˡ
ҺòײŽ
ոæס֣ҡͷ޵˵ѽװ£Ľѽ治ƨҼɫԣܲܽӸõƷ㱣
˶䣬׹𷽲źŵòɽ£һЦǽǼٵĺȡ£¶׵ӡ
ͶˣһȻ͵ؽ˹׼ǽ޵ĺ촽ݺݵȥ
˶û뵽˾ȻǳԲǴ򣬺η壬ͻȻϮһʱûзúյóѣֻһ£˫ںյϡ
úһ˶ûûˣŽƿԳ˶֣Ҫƿգ׾٣ŭûꡣ
Ȼû꣡շ·δôòϢ̸ϡ
ôоƤһ˶ݺһۺա
ûУֻǸҵֻһʱģ޲һӵģΪĸҪһЩ
˶汻ľȻԶԡ
ߣȥ
˶ǳɲ׼
մֵģҸոһ·񱼣ݾ;ûлָҽҹⲻżġ
˶˫Σ
§ų˶Ƿ顢ȥ
ƾɣװȴǳšء
յҸջصͽ˽۸װһ飬֩Ѿ֯·ո
л˶һЦ֮մݻʱ򣬾͸˵Ҫϵȥһ׵£ΪݷǳУֻȥ˰š
˶ˣַǳ˵Ըֵÿÿ뵽ϻһ˼ңҾѾ÷ǳҸûκκôֻΣա
е˶һսУʱҲȥһ˴뺫ƴһʵںܳһʱڣҪһԼȥɣǸ𣬺ˡ뺫మ
ԣвһǾĥѣһʲôһܹӦġ
˵䣬ų˶ϡ
˶ƫͷһʵѵǴ춼ô
һ¶֮ɫʲôʱ˽ʵôģ
˶Ƭ̣ұͲʲôҹ㣬ҺСʱ뿪˼ңĴڹˣҿɲ
˵һ̾ԭϣ֮ЩҶѵİգϰնҵԣҲﲻʲôǼȿģãҲ֪ҽ·ߡ
ͲӦٻϣҪһ˵ֻҪʵûϸԺĿǰĵλܹؼգǳ˶浱췴Ƶۣ澡ʧͳ֮£һŮ˲췴һƵۣǲϡ
һۣ͵͵ΣЦŶˣԭ㲻Ѱ򣬶ѽ
˶һЦ˵ͷˡΪŮ˶ԣ˷Ӧӣûа취ӣϣܹҵ身һЩҲǸԼһЩҲвˣֻûá
һǳ֪ǸǰҲԹˣְĻǾ͵ÿʲô¿Դң˵ţüë
Ǳʽ
˶治κ˫գҧ촽峺۹ϹתĽë΢΢ţ˶һףȴְؽĵֻϸ΢ı飬Ҳǰĺ
˼ˣ
鲻Խ¶һĨЦ
Ȼ䣬˶һƳ
ϣ
Ԥֱӵϣ㶼ûй
˶վ˼Ҫ㣬ҲǺѣ治֪Ϊʲôᶨء


1887 ƻ
˶һƣõɾʵۣȴո˹ȥ˺һơ
һӵӥջǱӥ۰
ǺСϾǺС硭Ƭ̣շӦ˳ƾϣֵ򶯡ҷðɣǺϸˣ
˶һЦʵǲ֪㰲ʲô¸أ

ߵλá
˶ҲûŤֱ֣ʮҲǶ֣йŮ˭˭
Ҳûֻס֣ɫм£Ƚʺ㡣
˶һϲʲô£
յƻ
˶㵵ƻ
һӦҲ˽ҳƶȰɡ
˶Եͷ
յƶҳԱƶģֱһ˵ƶʵһίȫƶȣ˵ϷҾУʵϻŵأ˵׾ԭûڱЧͳΣҲ벻õİ취ʴ˲ƶȡݸʵŷǳΣգΪʱңЩɺӵŲֻҴƹǿƣǲŲֻҪҴжң̻ҸͶǳΣУû٣ȻֻһЩ˵ڡȻ̫ʥ϶µĹأֻҪԷ˾ķѣ͢Ҳ˵ıƶȣӻó⣬ôֻķʽ
˶ķʽ
ҵ˼롣
յԹԭ뱱ǵжԵģūͻʣԭ򣬾ԭũ壬壬ԭι˼ڱвͨģʽ˵ǶġҪҪͳһǾͱ˼Ҫͬĵطҵ˼һܹ߽ЧĹͨ
ΪʲôİնǳڴƣΪóףó׵ıʾǽǷսĸĿҲΪǮҲܹ裬ߵĿһͿַʽֳɱӻ㣬͵¶ԣóȻǷǳġ
ôնԣԭгΪҪǸ͢жԣôǽʧȥΨһĴгںϵķǳãΪҶҪ˴ˡȻǱϻաHȵʵеƶȣƻҪҵ˼ȥЩɺڵصͳΡҴһóˣ͸ǵ¸ͬʱҲҴƵҵߺҵ˼롣
˶üǵصͳ߲ܻӶһֹġ
ЦǹؼڣЩ׳һ͵صͳ߱µìԭеľҵߣʱ͢Щ˽־ͬϵģ˶ԣÿ˶һ˶ΨͼģЩ˾һ͢ʱǾʦƻ͸ìܣȻ󳹵߽ƶȡʵƻһֱڽУպެҶѾˣΨHǱ߻ûаˡ
˶˼ͷЦȥɡ
յиҪֻ󷽣ɲʿ䡣
˶ЦҲʿ䡣
յѽǣôҲǵʵۡ
˶һۡ
ƻ˵Ǽ򵥣ɲһ򵥵£ʲôҵ˼룬ʵյҵ˼룬ʱ壬ȥ͸ȥֲصˣⶼоϵġ
ĵǷʳԷʱۡ
˵ƻʵ̫ʺϳ˶棬Ϊ˶ǽҲһһ׵ģҶʵۣȻʵ۵ôһţ֤źǿ֯ܿյ뷨ҶԴŨȤΪϱҲǵ߸˵Ȩ
ڽ̸Ḷ́յ;Ѿָ״̬
ʱ֡
۵Է棬·һضǣ롣
һ󽿴ֻһſںϣ泱죬˿̺Ӵ񱳻ֱԲ̡θ赲ס
Ҫ֪˶൱ǿģܹڳģҲǲ׵ġ
Ҫ̫رˣÿÿս
һḧһʵġɽ͡δѽͷڳ˶ͷһ£Ц֪жô˰ɡ
˶üĿߣȴ˶һС
æ㲻ô룬֮İǿǾģ찲ŵġ뷿ֻ֮ǰһֱ﷽ʽҲǶһͣ㲻ô࣬Ҫ⿴һܸŵ˶ͶС
ûˣ
˶˵ôֱۡ
չһЦ
ˣ
˶ͻȻʲôƵãֻǰһĨζǵú۷ֱ°볡˫ֽ֣˹ݺȥ
˶һֳϣѿŭȻᡣ
УҵȻᣡ
ˡ
˶ɫһ죬ߴŭĵһۣδɫмһֱǸ˵ˡ
յʲô£
˶֪֪¥Ĳʺˡ
һ㶣¥뻨¥ֻǺϵǲҲν
˶ǹǿԻ¥
üͷ˵ʺˣ
˶ҡҡͷҲ֪Ǻпܣ㽫ߣǷǳΣյһ¡
յʵһֱ֪ǲһĸˣߣһŲɸ˵ܡ
˶Ϊλ
յΪһ֪˭ˣпǻʺˣҲпǱµˣˣߣңܹöԷĵģҲҵԸԭ򡣡
˶Ϊƶֻ㣬ģ
Цܼ򵥣ΪʱֻһСˣҲʱ㵽ҽܹǵģҸûа취ԷԿԷȻʱߣɼҪңʱ˭Ҫң̫ˣôɼԷҪң˵̽ңҾжı£ңԷֻңڵʱǷǳģΪʱҾһöӣҪãĻΪҲ֪˭ˣҲݾߣߣڶԷҲԻãֻҪСķԶ˺еҪڷյġ
˶δô
տЦһǳŮˣȥĻܻᱻ󵼣ңƺҲûôԼرҵĻһԼøһˣԣȥ飬ͻ羲䣬Լʵݣһӵġ
˶ԵͷҲͷˣֵ˵ʺطã
յͷһ֮ɫֽΪ˵ģҸʺ֮䱾ҲûʲôޣһУΪԼٶĻ̫棬ʱٶȥ
˶Ժأ
ЦԺ£˭֪ˣܹϾɱ˭ָұ֤󲻻һĶ֣Ҷ֪֪ףҷаһЩΪҪǣǻڵ£õ²ҪģȻδȥδ¡
˵ţƫͷԸ˵˫


1888 Ӧ
ȻĿǰǺæµģΪӡˢȯûвУҲһԲϾʧܶ¶Ҫɽϴհ룬µɽȥ
ڳ˶Ҳϲճ˵ŮˣգĵҲƻŮ˽飬˶治̫ϲߣϾµˣһŮ˻ǼΪͬ
صڣȥһǱһжеķǳ˳ֻһȥ

ôæҡ
ѩ΢΢Ƴһڰˮĺգ
ӣҷ̫һ㡣
Ц
ѩ鲻ԽһԼԽŵôأ
ʮһԹЦ
㡪
ѩһŲӣƫһȥ
ҲΪ⣬רעˮ
Ƭ̣ѩʵʵת˻գǶı

սոõˮǰһݡ
ѩ£Ľӹˮллû˵
ս£ͱˣҪĻһܰƹȥϷ˵ĻԵαҳԵ׶Ҫ࣬Ҹ죬Ϸ˾֪ڴʲô⣬ǰĪġΨһܹãǾټҰҲе¶
ˣ
ѩƲ죬½ĵ㶼ܵԼҵǷǳŰˡ
ʵҲһϲܵԼǰûд洰ͻܹ͵סįǺȥѧԺָźյȥΣĿɾͻزˡ
ЦЦԣҲͲһʱ䣬ܿͻȥģң֮ȥ޷ҲЩӣɲҪǣЩӴȥĿ֣ͯ£βдõͯ£ĺӴȥĿ֣Ҳ㣬һ۵ġ
ѩһȻһ
ͻȻʵˣǵһθˮ𣿡
ѩ㵵Ŀźգҡҡͷǰ
Ǿˣ
ʲô֣
ָеˮһΪǵһθʴ᲻óԣ׼ڹ棬ˡ
ѩһЦĵİһۣǵһҲôҲ̫ˡ˵ţˮҧһСڡ
ռ촽ݣ۵Ĺ⣬ֻǳ鲻Խȥ
ѩһС⣬ѾնȥС顣
Ǹ𰡣
˫Ŀ΢ϣҡҡͷֵ԰
⻵ˣ
ѩ߼÷ȭºաߵԭˮҳԣǲ⻵ۡ
պǺһЦǡ
ѩֻͷ۵ģߵĿۺգ촽ҧСڡ
ȻҲⲻ뺫һݽڡ
ԽԽۡ
֮ѩѾںջĹ𵭵ĺΣɫ
գæôѩͻȻʵ
յǰԶпգֻҪҺϷˣϵɽ»𺣣Ҷ鲻ݴǰ
ѩһʲôʱȥˣɱ˵
ûУûУ
ҡͷЦ
ѩֵ֮ǰѧԺ̸ۺ£չķǳ˳ǻûǩԼ½ӨӨȥ𣬿ӨӨϾ̫Сһ㣬е㲻ġ
հһѩҲ̫֮İ飬ʱʱ̿װһУ»˵ôһֱڹעʲôġ
ѩһЦſ˫֣ᱧסգ֪˵Щңб㵹ȥĵ㡣
պߵһˣȻᣬʲô壬᲻죬˷θ֮ԡ
ѩЦ
ʱ˵үѩ㣬ӡ
Ѿ߻û˵꣬һ¡
ѩѩ
ѩæԼɬĿۺա
ı飬ᣬǷ򸾹ϵƫƫøƵá
˵Ҳ̼ͦġ
Ƭֻ̣С޴˽˺գҴѩ뷿ģҲǺͺ

ʱһ
Ҳ£ɵغ
Цôأ
һתǶѩġ
ѩЦôԡ
ܵѩߣѩһֱܹ԰
ѩСԴԼҪĺӣǳĸĹԣþҲֵõġ
ֵѩ˵һסһͦµģҽʾ֭뵽һѩǽƵİ취
ѩʲôӣ
дͯѽҲѩ¡
ѩЦ
Сüͷһ壬ʲôô
ŭСӺ˵ʲô
˵ˣõĶ
յСǽƻ͸ֻҪǲõ£ơ
˵ģǺ˵ġ죬ί
ռһ˿΢Цֵ㽲¡
ôϵǵıסѩĸ첲ϲѩ˵¡

һµŬһʮȯѾȫӡˢϡ
Ƕǳ˷ܣΪһǵӪҵڽڽڸⶼΪ͢ĽƻҲҴ̼ǷǳЧġ
ҪҸһʮǷǵ졣
һʮᣬһὫ⣬ʮУʣµǶʮᣬȥݵԪС
ݵĸ̺ʿûڴȯ񳤰Σ˲ŲʮԪУʶһȫµĴȯȵҶδȯ֮óףĴȯȥϡҪҲڻƺ򣬳Լ˺һƹȯ

Ϣһ°ɣ
սһȲݸͷĿԪĵ
Ԫĵһ̧ͷӹ豭лл
𣿡
ˣ
ԪĵͷֿЦʮѽҷſһ£һ˾ܹߣҪǶʮͭǮĻǿҪȫߣҲ¡ǰͭǮ̫鷳һ㣬ҪܹһͺˣǼ򵥲٣ȴӸеˣ
ÿ˶ﶼһЩǣϰˡЦʱǾ͵ͣô󲮸ô˵ʮ㻨ǮǾ;ƶˡ
ԪĵһЦб㵹ǵҴȥ˵˵
պǺǵô˵óȭţóǴݣвͬ﷽ʽȻҲͬ
ͻƱ磡Ԫĵֵֻæȥҵÿ㽫Ŀ꣬ỹý㡣
ǳΣУ͢ǷǲǮһֱûнˣΪʱǮᣬҲ̫㣬һֱȵ񣬲ſʼ㡣
ճŵǷ
ðɣ
յͷվȥŴİ칫ҡ
ˡ
ô
ŴЦ˵ǮȷʵҪ࣬ǰٺ»ϺЩ£վܹ˵ţʵ˵ЩԱǮҪʲô
յҲǹԱõٺ»һǸʲô
Ŵ£ȻȥǮ
պǺЦ


1889 ݻ
ڴȯӡˢ֮󣬺վʽڴձʿձ淢ȯľϢҪðնڴȯһʶԼ֪ȥα
ǰǲʿձ淢ģʿձ̵ܻ׼ĻۣɽʿҲǵʮ㣬Ҫ͢ߣʿձҲȨҶ˽ӪƾʲôǷڴձ淢
ҲӦˣߵҲһ·ߣԶȶĿͻߵľʵǳ١
ܷдȯǳڽ裬ʵͬһĿģĿľǴ̼á
ȻһȺ壬ǰǺѵģȺǹԱ׼
ŴԸ㣬ԱʵҲˣȻЩԱʲôᣬͻᵱ٣ǰԱٺ»ǳԺ˯УŮˣȫڣЩ٣ǲʲôҪ򣬻һЩ͢ȥг򣬵ȻʱгҲ򲻵ʲôǣǿɶǷǳǳǮˣǵٺ»Ҳǳȶ
ܹһˣôڳг˲ð
ˣڻͳƽ֮󣬺õһ¾Ƿٺ»ԺҲͳһٺ
Ҹ֮󣬲ǹԱͳһȡٺ»Ϊ˻רһٺ»Ļ
ٺ»ˣҲǴӹԱһȺŮˣǷֹ˾˿ٺ»ԼԱһʡ
ЩŮҲǰǮ
ÿԱһٺ»һٺ»һ£ǩһ
ԱǶԴҲǷǳڴ˷ܡ
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ˣ㻹˵ЩʮǮٵóϰɣ񣬶ýԼͿˡ
ǣȯŵȷǷ㡣
Ƿ㣬µȯڻ棬ûɶоҪͭǮĻٻܸеģ⻹Ųܰġ

˵ȯͭǮһôɶ򣿡
ҲǸո쵽̫ҪǵȻһȥй䡣
СǡȽǮŻȥˣȻؼһˣȻõǵ¥úóһ١

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ƳһֱǸнеͲԱҲǳǮǿɾв׼ӦֻǰԸ㣬ûչֳ
ϢգгˣĽгԱֱӴˣŰ峵ȥɨ
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վϻˣˮͷڳǼֱǱȻǮˣôǰ˭ܹ뵽ڳԵ֦Ĺֶ࣬ǲŲǮ
СƵСָ磬ôȥǲУ˼¸ɣǵ˼¾͸ô죬Ȼûɶˡ
Ҫñƻ˵ģ⼸죬׬˼һ궼׬Ǯ
ܵŷɶ취ô
ǶŪһ㲻ô
ҲŶܵգգۣô򵥣ôû뵽УúȥԪңǶŪҴ
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СƴĿܵܣۣҪԼ³ô

г˻𱬣ǺȴûггΪ˵һͲҪҲ֪һʲô֮ǰȥг۲졣
ոŴȥϽũҵӲ졣
㿴һƬأǰְΪЩﶼμˮϣ˵ǳһĸЩģ˺帮ǵضߡ
Ŵָǰһ޼ʵũսܵ
տЦⶼǳ͢𣿡
Ȼǵġ
Ŵ̵
յҴƽǽĵΪУôֵأܱôûаգȫ͢š
ŴڨڨһЦЩǰǰյġ帮ɶˣҲ㲻㽫Щضȥɣ
ȻǣǴǿԼ˵ɲǿ˵Ҫǿ¶øաҡҡͷֵǲǰʲôũʵ̫ˣҪȫʩйӶƣҸաЩʳȫ븮⣬ƽ֣ϾȱʳòδѰǣҪҽĶ׼ˣÿҪ㹻ʳ⣬Ӷũ򣬹ǮɻͳһţҲκ˿Դǻشÿ˶ŵģɲܳһ
Ŵͷ֪ˡ
ʱ˺С磬ϵܡ
աŴתͷһŴš
ǰЦɰ
ЦŵͷʵСôأ
һ㹫£Թֻ΢һ䣬ʵô
æҸպôʳȥ֮·
ŴЦϸ磬ȥʳ
źǺһЦպҼ֮ʳӦԼˣȥ̸Լ¡
ЩɶǰģҲǺոǳ⣬Ҫ࣬ĻԱ͵ȥʳôۿ϶ǣһ㲻˹˵Ļ󣬵ʱ϶Ҫǹʣëվǳϣʳǲȱٵģһȥ̸Ǿʱ̸УǮԶԾҪ࣬۾Ͳǡ
Ц˲٣һ̸еĺʱ
⻹öС磬С˵µʱ˵ģǻ̫ţûôʵˡЦ۾ûˣ׬ˣǵ˰ѾǿǵķΧڣЦ͢Ҳ׬ѽ
Цŵͷݻݻ


1890 Ǻ
͢ô̼ƻ治ˣÿײ㶼棬ЩĵҪ˵Ҳüɫ裬ΪǵҪԶԶʤǰƷַ涼ֺֿܹõǵ
Ÿһˡ
ŴĲӣǳѾҪǵǵԤλˡ
ƽʱûٿյľѧеľôʵںյľѧѾõҵϿɣϣܹЩ
ȵϵʳһȻͻȶⲻùֵĵġ΢΢һЦĿܱɨȥũԭǹŵũһ¸ĹӶƣǿЩԽܣｨһѧԺרŸǰְũĺѧʺǱҪҪһЩ޽ѧԺ
Ŵͷֵ˵ҲѽʺԴҲ¶棬ɲƻʺ硣
¶ܽʲô⣿ԣ˵£õѡ񡣺Ƶǰƶȹ涨󹬲ܸǻʺȻлϣʴ˲ŻԵ÷ǳƶȹ涨ֺαǰ
⵹Ҳǡ
ŴԵͷֵǻʺǷ֮ѵһҲô
յֻҪǲǾͲҪģʺҪԸǣҲһڣΪ񻹸ǰһ˵췴췴ңʺûκȨιԱֻҪǿסһ㣬ΪͱˣɫҲˣǻȥɡ
صյûȥȥҲûרͨȥȥϡ
ĴϣǽĦ磬ˮ൱ӵѽ
ֻʮСŻﴩȺ֮УΪ̫ˣָʹֻˣֽһ̼˾ҵҵ˶ˣҲȻˣһѭ
Ҳ׬ǮֻϾͶ뵽гУȡ׬ǮƲͣġںڼ˵ĲƲʱٴĸ̣еֽ϶Ǻٺٵһ֣Ҫǹ˾ƱҵȵȣֽҲʽ𣬾ǼҪͶ뵽ȥǮǮͶ뵽гǾͿ϶׬ֻǶٵ⡣
ĳֽǶ˵˵Ǯʵġ
ͲͬĶǴڼģֻһ˵ģκζûйϵ
ǷǳģҲΪʲôÿ꣬͵ôһ̣ɱһΪö֮ƸڵУֶǮţìǱȻġ

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⻹вҿҪһУ˵棬ǿ˵Ĵɰ
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յ㻹˵㲻ڻ
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Ƕֻ䣬ȻȥС
ۣô˰
У˶վſڣˣߺŰɣģϰ壬Լҵ꣬ߺţд

⺫ոţͼһλׯٸվǰ·ڵ
ٸǽеܾˣѾɹӮúյΣΪܾɣľ֡
㡪
һ㶣̷Ӧ㷽ſأ
΢Цֻ̫࣬˲ӭ롣

ЦŵͷȥЦҲæŹ⹤ԶģʵһЩ˽˵һɾ
ЦͲСô
չһЦͶҶԣǿǻƽ䣬Ҫ˵ĻֵӣȻֵӣﻹйϰ࣬Ҫְˣҽеһʧֻ˱ȽϹذԼԵҲܿ
ʼձ΢Цлģ˻ῼǵġ
Ӧ˿ǹ˳ںܳһ棬ֻ˵Ųٻص˵ߣǶԣͶǳԼڵǽж֣ͷλ治ͣҪǵĻ⣬˵£ѹûпǹԶȥǣһ㶼Ľǡ
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ŶһϢȥѧԺ
ӨӨͷʵѧԺҪΪ˶࣬ǳѧԺҲѾˣѧԺӦ߳ȥȥѧԺȥطϽѧԺҪһʱǮΪֻѧԺܹӯܹصĸͶʣǽݸзУнֵ֧ĻѧԺܹƹø죬ֻѧԺرȽѧԺ׬ǮҲǺܶ࣬λܹܣ̫Ըǡ
ЦǶԵģѧԺ첻ãʲôϵǽжһˣѴ̡
ӨӨǽ㲻һֱǳ޳ռô
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ӨӨһתЩµļֵڱϣ㿴һֵˣǮ÷Ϻüֵ˶ˣǵĳɱǲǽͲ١ҽ£һζ׷棬ԳɹģȻĻˣҲҪ͢ǮðܹѶ顣ռǴǷǳģƺã˲ܹã׬ǮҲǽֵ֧ģҲܹڽĹϣд»Իһʣзѩ㣬аһģûɲ֧ǡ
ӿɽҲչһЦ糣ߵĵָʲôˡðɣҴӦ㣬濼ԽҵϢ
ô
ӨӨϲ
յͷ㶼ҷô͸ʲôɾܾ
лл򡣡
Ҹлл׽Ҫԡ
ӨӨ򴽣۸һҪû£ӨӨȸˡ
ղֻӦ䣬˵һΪҲ֪ջռȻӦˣ͵úúÿһ£˵ֻ˵
һĨɫ·עһ㡣
ģҶרűҡ
£
š
ǺãպǺЦ
ӨӨڴһЦ뿪ˡ
ǰŸߣɣľ˽
ҵòأʵ
ɣľľ
ʱ˶Ų˽ò衣
Цûϴ
ɣľڨڨЦЦСأ
յͷ³ô
ɣľһССͣ˵Ǵ˵ÿɶһͨһͨģʲôʥƣ˵ͷǴģҾ͵ͷӦˡ
տЦұһ㣬ѾͷӦˡ
ɣľЦʵҲ֪ܻӦģǴѧԺҪǮ٣ǻر̫һ㣬ⲻǽеʽת
յ˵ΪΪЩܵȥŴĲƸôҲӦеΡȻһǾͻ̣ҪǵѧԺһзպԣȻƶһרʺϽĴϵ
ɣľͷһ濼ǵġ
һǵԴȯΪĿǰΣ
ɣľЦڴ֮ǰһֱͭǮǴȯն磬һȯԽ࣬˾͸࣬ĿǰкܶնһȯҲܹǶֱӷȯǣǶͭǮ̫Ų̫㡣
Ц̫ܻܵˤģô࣬ȫΪյóȻĸıԼļƻǽҪľȶǶҪ̩Ȼ
֪ˣɣľͷֵŶĿǰ飬ǽѯʴ˵ҲԽԽˡ
ɫҲҽĿģĿǰ飬һַǳ״ľóֳһƣԻң˲ƺȥģóȻЩˣֻẦ˺
ɣľ˼ս
ҡҡͷҵĹƣֻǴƾڷɵĿʼгģԣһҪӵģһҪ⣬ڲܸǰҲԼҪľͶŵǵƷ棬Լ϶ƷǵӪҵǵļҲӪҵⶫտԴﵽһᣬͿܹ㡣ƷõĻǾ͵ȥ


1891 ú̸̸
˵ýĿʼֻƽĺһСʯӣôȯķУһը
ڴƵľ÷չ棬һ˷ܼ
г÷ÿ׼棬ǹԱ׼Ȼǵٺ»ûǣǻұֵǮǷǻңǵٺ»˲١
ңҲڽıյʽ
ҲģҲģкгΪġ
ΪÿÿҪȥгƷǼԼ
֮
ӣǵʦƳǮרڷŴȯġ
żΪ˷ܵĽһͼֽݸ֣С
֣нӹһͼֽ滭һȯһСǮʵǮⲻǺմģǵʦԼġ
Ǿ仰йӦ
ǰǮͭǮȯǷǳģȯᣬһûУ׵ġΪгǳ𱬣֮ܿ㷢ͼģȫµǮҲ˳ƶ
ҲǺѡ
ŻһԽ͵ǮԭһǲһƤǮרΪƵģƤΪƵġ
֣Цŵͷ֮һᴫͳÿֲƷƶַǱԸ˵ľǸߵ۸񰺹󣬴һʼˣǮϿУ
ȻûСֵӵ˼ר
֣еͷ
ŵⲻ̫ɣ˭
֣еĻȻ룬ƤʵĻӦǿģǼȻҪרȻҪƵĸƣҪһЩȥ
ŵͷ֪ˣ
ֵ֣⣬ķҲЯִȯӦ÷ЯȯԼǮơ
һУȥԸЩʦϽͼֽ


ʷ
Ԫӣˣ
⳯Ԫܹһ

ԪֻܹصһƹǰΪǹмŴ㿪һµͨ
Ŷһµͨ
ԪܵͷҲ֪СּŵˮڳÿǷǳ𱬣Сּϣܹ͸ˮЩˮ޶붼ϵ˺Ӳδ޵Ǳȥϣܹߺ·ϣܹƳʺϺ·ôֻ
ЦԪ֪ģԴ߾֮һֱзʹֻ͢սɶƳġ
ԪܵҵȻ֪ϣܹһ㣬һ㣬һ㣬ܹԸķˣиԶǱ߲ˮʳֻҪܹƳĴֻǹмٶᶩһҡ
գգۣһİû⡣
һҺǿ൱ģǰֻгܹ͢ô࣬һ١
Ӧ
ңҲҪмȸ㹻ʽͶзС
ԪҲпСּŵˮͷЩΪЩˮǷǳḻģûа취͵½ҴҲҪЩͷԪǱ߻СּǢ̸ЩȥϣܹרٶǮҲν
ֻܵһ˼ãûй̸Щ
ҲڰϻСּŵԱѾ˷¥еĹ԰СּкֻܽЩˮȥСһ˸óԣһ߿Լ׬˶ǮܶǶǮ
˵ķгȴԵüΪ侲ΪֻǼƻеһѣѾݹأʱѾ޷ٷǳעгЩΪһЩ˴ʧǡ
ľùģŸոշչҲǺܴ󣬲ΪһЩľٶΣ
񰲾֡
Ǽ̹
̴Լİ칫ңʵĽ˫ȼڰ칫ϣͣš
ǰ˼ǰɨܣֱղŷسġ
֮⣬Τۡ˼ġӡգ񰲾ͷ෬ۣپˡ
ЦһΪǲˣȥôã浱ǹΰ
̴ٿȻ½գ˭ʸ˵ûʸ񡣡
ŵһƾʲô
ƾʲô̴һ֪֪ȥ¶ޣη꣬ߣеóԾǲЩʱ¼һ⣬̶ûô࣬ˣ·Ͼʬ·м䣬϶޷˯Ҫ㣬¿ֲͷϡ
˼ĬĬõͷ
տ˼ĵʲôͷ˾ȥģʲôϵ
˼ĺߵͷƣȥģ֪ˡ
Τüôֲô
ֲĶС̴֪֪ݵһ֪أһŴһֺŪõذ֪֪ôأ
Τҡҡͷ
̴صİճạ̃£ҲǶźܶôЩգһһһ⣬̾պγԣȵǸȥʱ򣬾һùõĴǰǹԱһСȫɱΪŵԱˡ
ֻëȻ亹乣ûмô
̴ߵֶ֣ذռˣҲôһˣץ
Ӳ̾˿
տɲЩϾҲзݲУЩѾȥʽô
̴ԲѵԳ⻹ô
ΤЦͱˣҪǰûзԣ˭һ
ɲô˵̴ҪҸ˼ģɨǿЩǿŷɥЩҲȥǱ߶ѾȶɶǵĹѽ
˼ֵ˵֮ǰ񰲾Ǵ粽Уطظʿ𶼲Ը񰲾ֹȥǾһأ񰲾˺һػס˽Ÿ
̴⵹ģЩֻ񰲾֣¶񰲾֣ȥˡ
˼Ĳ֮Щݡݵȥؽնȥ񹤣ʿӰɶ񰲾֡
ʱýطŪңö̱ˣ̴ȻŽȥģȴ񰲾ֵģ˵񰲾ʰ̯ӣյȻ񰲾֣ټϺĳл񰲾־ͱøҪ
ͷȻߣ񰲾ֵȨԽǵȨԽ
ΤЦӦ֪Ϊʲôȥ˰ɡ
Բӡæ˾ǰȥΪǵ˵õɣҪݰȥֻԽŪԽң´ң̶ǹû
⻰Ұ̴һΤۣΪɣǸճͷһ꣬ϢĹûУĴôܣðգвԹǵﹻӦ֪Ϊʲôȥ˰ɡ
Τûǣ֪
ǣ̴Ц
յˣ׼أ
̴ӻζһ£ô࡭
ֱӴӻͳһżֵһٹƱϣӦùǳһ˰ɡ
̴ΪѸٵĽƱУٺٵȽ֪Ȥ
üôʰɡ
ȥȥȥ㷿ȥûпˡ
̴˵ţִӳóһݸյǸĿǰ
սЩͳͳ˹ŶŽƱĸеǩ֣ܹһǮ
̴ȵΪʲô
յΪʲôȻ̰
ҡô̴ʵǣΪʲôĸˡ
տ۳ӣȻȸˡ
쵰ǡ̫ˣһٹᣬҳ̶㺫Ѿ뿪ˣ̴أੲݵ
ΤЦǺ˽㰡
ʵЩصϺѾԤƵˣҪ֪ЩصľΪʱСũ᲻һʱעϸ⣬˶һ𣬹ϵȻͱøӣìܽԽԽ࣬һó̴ǽصľȫϸļ¼
ȻҲ̴֪һʣǮҲ׼ˡ
մϸոճ񰲾֣ӭ˹
һȭְʺ֮ȥһϽѧԺ
㶣һĨĹâ

ʵһΣ֮УѧԺҲܵ˲СĴһ㣬ʽˣｫﻹԸǮѧԺƨһѧļͥҲܵСӰ죬Ҫ巽Щţֻ͹ˡ
ɼʵǷĵĿؽԼѧԺֻΪԼĸ£һ㣬˶ѡʱȨѾǳˣνʵ￴صֻǿƾ٣Ϊƾܹʿ壬ǿԼڳеӰҪġ
ⶫʱǮʱ
ֻһֻص˽ǰֻʣѧԺƿһñסΪΨһܹһЩЩڰǰɡ
ĵһ£ǴŴѧԺ
ȵѧԺʱֻԺУȰЦݣɢĸĹԣһСŶӣǰпģȻȡƷ
ϷȫƾݼипһҲûȥ㣬ȥ
򣡡
Ȼǰðһòٸ
ǳΪ˳ȫýΪԪĵ¶Ǵ󼶱ġ
հһСѽþòԽԽƯˣ
Сߵڿˣ½㡢ĵ㡢ѩɶһһĴˣǰһֻСѼѣ
СѼûٿͯ£ǶǸӿġ
СֵƭˣԭѩͶϣ֮ǰǽ蹤֮ҷѩĻġ
հţɲ˵ְҵأŷѩְҵء
СһЦỤ̡
ָָʵʺ˶أ
Сõһˣණ˵ĵֵǽ󵽵˭ģ
ûʲô˭ģʦְɾǽ̵ѧɱ̫ˡ
Сࡣ
յȥ洦һЩ񣬼סɱ˵
Сõͷ
ȥһյĽ棬ó̴ϣĿ
úһֻЦ˳֮䷶ѽ㹤򶼲񡣡
̧ͷֻվǰЦĿȴдһ˿̵ζеһ漴ֻǱ湦򣬱ʺʵʵڵ⣬ԶԶ
ԭⲻķ˻ȥ顢ǷǳϵģƴݼСûз˭
һĨŭɫЦ˴ˣ˴ˡ
Ҷα˭Ҳ˵˭
ʵ֪ʺ΢ǰʲô·Ը΢
ﲻʵ˵أ
ҡҡͷ΢֪
㳵ƻˣǼˣƻʮֽˣһͷؼ
̾˿ʺԳⰡ
ֻҪһܺߵģͺ޵ǿŭǲŵúú̸̸Щ⡣
ռ̫ˣһֱڴܹʺԳ⡣


1892 ܻ
ﵱȻѧԺ̸ЩʦֲǴ帾ǿɶǹҶԣһ̸ҪҺǰҪ̽ԸԸ̸ձʾԸ̸ǾͱˣҲû˵ʲôʱ̸նԴҲûжʰ䣬ƿ֮Уֲżż
װģĸѧԺʦ̸̸ѧԺֿԼδĽ衣
̸˴գֱʱ֣˲뿪ѧԺ
صոôţվڣͷһůзӭһҸ
ЦǲڰʾǰδӵΡ
ôܻô롣
һסϸ֫ȥģʵûлô
µѧԺż٣ĵȥԪұˣ
գգۣǽǾڼҡ
°һۣŲ磬ʵ˵ʺȥѧԺأ
£̾Ǻȥְ
´㵵ΪΣ
̾ΪʲôҲŸմǱ߻֪ˣɼŮ˵ĵطλ־ֳ
µ֪ãҪ黨ǲݣߣӲҵĶĿ
ʵժвУ
룬Կǡ
˵꣬ԼЦ
ҲǹЦ
ȻҶڣҲûȥֱȥԷԷվͱϣλ־ֳ׵ǽϰݡ
ſںϣһ˵ãŸֵȨԽԽԽԽѹȻҲԽԽҲǳҪһ̡
һʵʺѧԺʲô
յʺͷһسȻȥѧԺ˳ȥ̸̸ѧԺδĽ衣
µʺһֱйô
յҪһ֮ĹϵϾطã̧ͷͷ
µ˼أ
ͻȻ촽һ£ЦҸ˵Ŀ
µҵÿҪô
ȻɫҶԣ˵Ļɱʥּõöࡣ
ȻԣҲ˵óڡһŵ
һɲǻԣ帮Ҷ˵̽ٷ˻˻ʵۣһ帮һȭҵ٣ϣгһܹڴǣŷ˵ֻ֣Ǹˡ
øƵãȴ־湻Զġ
ЦһܣʵΪʲôЩϼ޻Ĵ󳼿ҵԭΪǸûϵҵ־ôԶ󡣡
У½ĵİ˺һۣɫҿλʺɲһĻʺ󡣡
յ˻
µҲ˵ҾǾλʺչֳֶΣԼ磬Ҿ˾˻ҪʵһЩ
Ϊ̫˽λʵ۾˾ˣ˾˿ɱ˲ѪѽԵͷҵҲָо
µȻʺ֪֮ûҲˣҲ͹ϵҲٸ£¹ˣΪҪ㣬ǾƲģϲ£Ϊ˷ˣʥּˣûм
Ц֮
ⲻ֪ոͬһˣɱ˲Ѫģô룬ҲûдΪֻܿյһ棬Ҫ˭˺ǣǺվͲԼļƻƴǺյĵߣ֮ϣǾǳܿܣҪӮҾԸķ䡣
ʵˣʺǲҪԤѧԺ񣿡
յԤǿ϶ģϾѧԺġ
Ǹأʵ
ȻģȴͷûҲܳ֡
֪ˣԭڵĻʺԤְ
š
ºεĵͷȻڻʺ֧²ųģ֮ʺδԸʲôףⶼǵѪҿɲûʺȾָģøֳΪʺе
ʺһȥѧԺҲпһЩŵѧԺǾֻʣ¸֣ҲŮѧԺܲţǸɲóģΪ֪ʺһоٶΪȨ
ЦȻ˶ô˵ҵȻַ֧ˡ
ǵûбҪҡǼҵȻǵΪģҸ˵ЩϣڳаҸʺֻǡֻҵô鷳
첻µز£ҴɱһöŮӣУʵҲΪŴǺܿѪͳģʲôѪͳŵÿһѪ࣬Ҳ¸鷳
Цʲô鷳᲻죬Ϊң־ûǿѧҲûߣѸ㰲ȫУΨһʤģǾǵһС٣ұչֳԼⷽ㹻İȫУ㲻Ҫʲôʺ밲ֱ֣ӾܾˣŸӡ
ǸжѣһֱնǷǳʲôնǾ֧֣ҲΪյ̬ȣʱʱ̿̿Լģ˫ºա
һ˫̱סʵڶô
°͸һ˿ҲǺܶ
Ǿٳ԰ɡ


ڵõ̴֮󣬺ָݸصһЩ΢أҪԵطصĲ뻹ǵøһЩյĹϵǲ
հʱ֣ոոմӻʳǳ׼ȥʱһͻȻ˹
С磡
ֻһ̴ĸˡ
ǻ¥Ĳ塣
ЦӴԭܽ㣬ôû㻹ô̴氡
СˡһЦһС̸̸֪С統¿ɷпգ
£漴ͷϵò
ȵ뿪ʳ֮󣬲С磬ʵҲ̸ģȥ̸
ʵʲôˣ
岻ʵС粻֪
Цصô֪
⻰˵ǹ̵ġҲúܿϾǹгģṇ̃һң΢΢һЦǻʺȥڶլۡ
յ˵ͷ
ʵҲ֪ʺտ϶ģΪسΨһĿľҪ̸УʲôͶѧԺǶ

ʱ֣ڶһլۡǰ
磬ܱӰûƼһ˳ȥ濴һ£ͿһǰԺšСҰͷЩƵ
յͷһȥɡ
ҲҴ⣬СҰǰȥ̽һ
ǰš
Ƭ̣֨ѽһֻվڣˡ
ЦͷܽҿţɷҲ
΢΢һЦС磬СҰ
øڣȻСҰ˵ǰ㣬ǿһˡ
ǰһ죬С磬롣
տ۲壬ûнݵĴ㣬ǵСҰһ˽ȥˡ
СҰͷ
˽ȥĴһˣֽãֻһ档
£ãǰ΢ʺ󡣡


1893 ֮

ò˵ģģյһۻûϳϾ֮ǰǵõģֻ˵زپҵǵȻǼ졣
ﵭĿһۣҶˣֺαڴװģ
ղĻش񷨣ɲװģ
Է°ۣһ
л
ǹһ
ƽʱ̫עЩȽڵĺգȴñ
ǰһֱСĽΪҲ
̵Ц㵱ڳ޼ǰҲС΢ɡ
յСʻ괬
ѽСʻ괬пһҵܹһ㣬Ҳ³һжǰͰ
յ⣬Ѿشʺ΢δ˶Բʺ£΢һֱʵİʺ󡣡
Цŵͷ˵⻰ʱĺܲ⣬ΪʱҼѾʧȥУֱ´乬㷸ǰ̬ΪϣĿȻҵ֪ڳвδ侮ʯҰ˼⣬ңǳ޼ɣѡնݳҲҪѣԶܷ㲢δôңҲһϵǿûƭңʵİҡ
Ҿ룬ʵڰң㾿ڰʲôˣʵİңҲ帮ʯ뿪׼ұһУֻѡˣǷǳǳлΪָһ
˵棬ҧгݡ
յʱϵǿûбʵİ⻰Ǻܼ٣ˣηӦֻû˵ñҪ̫αˡ
ɲԾǺڸİʾ
ǻԣôôĿʲô
һƣ･µ˺յ⡣
Ƕˣաҡҡͷ֪ʺ⻰Ǻ⣿
գǺüթ
ͻȻһĨ⣬ССһȻܹ¡޼ɣҶŪڹ֮䣬ңԳ޼Ϊ׵ĹйݣȻԼնϹֽڳеΪ˵ɨһеϰ㸸׵ķĹûֵϾôΪ㸸ᡣ
һµĽ׼֣ҪپɵĽ׼ҲǼȵߣǼļϴ֮󣬲ϵϴƣȵ߶÷ǳ˵˵
˵޲ޣԼŬô꣬ɶڰﺫ¡
أǹž΢ԽԽͿˣ΢Ǿ仰΢һУΪҺã΢δκα֮£ʺҪԸ޼ɣǿɲ΢ģ΢ֹʺôʺѵ΢ģ帮֮͸ӹֲ΢ô캦֮£һкȡڻʺĻʱʺ㲻ôᱬһΣ
˵һʱǵʮ㣬ǳҷÿһǿɶǾľĿǵ֮ԼҪȥʲôϵ
ЦҲôĻֻߣǹУ϶ǻָ⣬Ȼû֪νΨ㺫ղܹŤתǬʱ¾ͻ֮ʵʱô㶼ڲ֮ذ
˵ԳһЦ˻Ϊ㲻һöӣʵ˶еӣӿµǣҲҪԸ˭ֻ֮ìܣߣõҪõһУƲһв˵һǺѽ㼸㵽ÿһҵ˽⣬Ҹе¡
ʵһֱԼӣΨһ飬Ҫöӣ£ͻ治֪˭ӣ˭֡
أҡͷ治֪ʺ˵ʲô
μη̣αӣ޶ԣܹʣգϱӣⱲӣ֪ٱ⻹Ҫ񶾵ĻѾǰٶ֡
бĿһƳͻȻԳһЦ豭һڣ΢΢Ц֪֮һֱϳϣΪ㲢ңȻҸӲ㣬ϾؽƭüѣҵһС
ѽ˵ˣζûУ˵ƨ¶һĨ΢Ц
ȴǱһۣȴǳգͣ˳ǸУ侲ȣǱ½
յͷ⳼ǷǳԸġ˵΢˶٣ҲѽϾʺʼΪһжġ
˵Ѳѣ˵ײסﵭֻҪǵͳͳһǲܹű˴ˡ
գգۣ֪ʺ˻˼ǣ
һۣüƺһ˿ðΣͻȻһ̧ժԼñһͷںŨܵ㷢ٲһбʱǷ֡ȻѾʮǿȥǾʮͷٸݰףƣ͸źҲһ˿ƣҲһ׷ⶼҵϷ˰ʮ䣬Ȼͷˣϵȴǳ١
ɡʲôѵ롭ҵ찡ǲŵĿ
治ļƻ֮С
ȭգ΢΢ЩţΨˣҲ㡣
ģնʱ亹йæȵ£Ϊǻ취ȥ½˴˵Σķš
һƱͷһЩᣬû뵽ôһ취Щ֪롣
ɫֻôֻǶǸ¼ɱȨˣǵܹһҲܿ϶֮ǰĲ²ûдģվͬһߵģŹͬ棬ֻеһöӣҲȥƶȫ̼ƻ
Ǻ²Ҫİ˫ԼͼԼһ㣬һʵ̫һ㣬Ҳòؿһ£ûԤģô㵽ôһ֣üƻﶼ˵ֱӷˡ
ǻ˵ǰ˵̫Ĺԣǵڣﶼ֪ľ棬ľǼңﻹź˵Ļ
ȻˣѡһΪֱӵİ취֮Լڱѻʵ۵ĻϣҲڱ˴˵ռöķΪˣұѻʵۣ֤ҪҪҽ˵ģڱ˴˶ˡ
ɫƺû̸еأһ˽սļƻҪˣǺģû뵽һţһը˵Լ٣˵Ǻߣֲʲô磬ΪƻҲ˲캦֮£˼ôô᲻к֢ǲһȦףΪû뵽һ㣬ǧΪµġ
Ҳã̹ԣʡϻ͹ĶǡȨ֮ͻȻվߵǰ˫ֳڷϣͷŽߵ޵ӣʵľҪô
ȴǳЦȻֻԼ
䣬ձ㽫§˹ݺ촽ϡ
ҵҡ˼¡


1894 ̹
º
ôŮʸˣ̫˼ˣڴϣĿԵЩͣҪñסߣĻԼΣ治Ĺ滮֮У붼ûΪļƻǶаʵֵģôаʵ֣û뵽ҪַʽһǷǳġ͵͵޵ӷų죬ԽޣȻֻһֽˣûвκεĸ飬ǹǿֵģ𷽲һĻչʹ˵öûˡ
һû뵽ջôһ䣬һŷųӶʱͨ죬ֱһ˹ȥ
Ƿŭһţûнո´ȥ
ϣ
һסƨɣæǸǸ˵ˣҡ治ĵģĸеǳǸĲ֪Լô˵ôһ仰ֻܽΪϰʹȻΪǰй̫ŮˣеȻҲޣҲЦ
ҧгݵĺݺݵȴŭߣΪȷʵ飬һúո˵УŻеôŭ
֪Լ⻰̫ˣˣڨڨҡֻǾ㲻ҪôƾǻۣӦÿӺõİ취ñ˴˿̹½Լ
ȻѾˣ񻹾Щ˼顣
˫ĿͻȻ˷ŭЦ㻹ǵú쳾𣿡
գգۣƺʲôŶˣԭ˱ѽ
ֻеһĿģҪĻұҪ϶վͬһߵģôǾ֤㽫ȫң֮ǰĲ²Ҳûд
ʵ֪ͨʱѾǳŭǾıѣֻʱǴ⣬ַֺձȫȫԸգʱܹסһУǺ쳾ĳ֣͸ģټϺν乬һĴǶγԹޣɲһŮˣܽЩûз
θ½ԼԼĻΣϣԼû֤ΪϵĶǲοҪȥȨһصһصҪΪ˸˴˽ˣ˻ʵۣ˻ʵ۾֮£ǾεĻ
ؼһϴ
θ׽ͨ飬͸εĳͨ顣
̫ˣɵСˣҲҪŮ˰ֻëȻñӸסѾ̹ԣҲûʲôǲ̸ġ
һֱαߡ
Ҳԣ
ЦŵͷֵʵѾµ߰˰ˣ׿ڳϣðɣҳϣһжĻƶġ
Ȼһֱܿ϶ԺŪģ浽ճϵһ̣ͷǲһ£㻹ɥԼѹʵĸ׶Ź
ɽķĹɺϣǺԼŪģһֱȷݰɣҲϾ˶ڸĸ൱൱صġ
յǶԲҸףҸ׻ԭҵģΪҪôĻֻܹһɺϣ㷢ҵͼôÿңֶΣҺǿ϶ҪŵġҪ޳ܣҲν
ʵºԭ˵ģﶼҲҪЩ
ﻹ޳ܣǶںյĵ¸еŭǺһʵ̫ˣ̫ˣʱû뵽ɽķĹǺԼŪģѻˣʵǲҷ޼ܻģ
ҲֱûȷģǱ乬֮󣬲ĥ⣬Ϊĸԭڣʱûзֺո޼ܻᣬôһ¶ᷢһжǺղݵģô»һɺϣ
治ҹΪ֮ǳ޼ɹ¶
޼ɣ
΢΢һѽҵǸٳ޼ɲŷֵġ㡭
յͷϵ޼ɻôΪʱ޼δӦ˵пܻڳеᱻһһ޼һֱûȫңıģѵͲ£ȵΪԶܣµһжǰ˼£Ϊ֮ǰһ֮ĹϵҵСҰĴȥ鿴ûڸ٣Ȼ
ۣǽƾͼƣǾ㳤޼ɲôҲ֪֮Ĺϵ
ЦӦǺ߰ɣҪƿ֮ڣ֮ȥ飬ĿľҪҲɡ
Ŀһ̾ûаƢһȷʵķڷ޼ɵÿһںյ֮Уʵأ㽫صȥأ
յ֪ģûжĹϵǳ޼ɱôģֻҸϵŻվǱߵģҲ֪
ﾪҲ֪
յͷΪŮˣĸԸҰڲô浹ǸṩһԼĻ
һ죬Ŀһɡ
Ҫĳ֣ﻹ治µġ
Цô࣬ⳡҲʺķΧң̣ߣӦøе˲ǣ帮Щݰ˻ĺȣһƨãܹɹôһڹĶжȹ㲻Ϊʲô㲻ΪҵİʲôΪûôྫʲô壬õһУκζ
ﳰЦѵһΪңΪ°գǲⳡΣвİգףҲòȥ
յԶһսɵʧҪСö࣬ҰȥսһᷢģΪؾô࣬˿ȴڲϵӣһ֣ͼпܻᱬսңͺñһŧҪԶڶ񻯣ɥʧҪǼҲ۵һʱ̾ͻ㿴ǲǺܿͻָ˹ҷչٶΣǰĺüȻҪǣⲻģֻǱģҪôҲô
ŭЦѽҸ帮ǱȴΪ°еӢۡ
̾˿˫ͷǵýⱦʱ˷Ѿ޷ıʵ𣿡
˵ʱǻĿ޼ɵɨС
⻰ʵ̫ˣ
ﲻЩֵסĿԲŭźգ㿴ûС
û˭Ļʵ̫ˣһ翴Ůۡ
⻰˵ǺҲ޲ЦҲЦҲȥѾˣںЩڿ˵ңǲ֪ܹİеõʲô
ЦԶеҪࡣ
Ըꡣ
Ŷϻλ
գʱľǰ̺ͻȻɽ塱ҡҷ£¶Ŀ


1895 Ů
ֵɵˣ˵ʷջǳΪǧŵһŮۣλû֪Լδ˳ĵϻʵۣҰҲһģʵ˵ʵۣ˸ϳʹɾҪллˡ
²⺫˽׼һȻ»Ȩһ˶ԣȨͻʵۿһ£ΪӵϵȨ϶ͻ뵱ʵۣǺȻ£ǶһŮ˶ԣȨʵ۾һ£ΪʵָľˣʷвŮ˶ӵϵȨҲûһŮ˳Ƶۣһ޷Խĺ蹵
ǰ̺ӻҲ֪飬һĨ⣬ֱҪѪѽ
ģ̡
ǺռġϽһĿƫһȥϴΪи飬ΪһԼҲʱʱ̶̿ѽΪһѪյˣǿôջĻ棬Ҳᱻ°֧ģϾйǧ꣬Ҳͳһ»ݡ
˵
ȫûзһſڣͻȻֺսƲǱȥˣ£ͷһȻӦϽ̺ϣߺ죬͸͸˵ƻƵá
͵͵һۣСʵҪ̸
һ
շǳԾ·סߴµôȥһһģܵڷȥ
գĪһ
úһŴ߳ȻѾ룬ϻǷź󣬽Ρ
ɼŮ˻Ҫġ
ʵ㷽ǻʲô˼
ܼ򵥣ϻλյأԷǳƽ
ƽΪڹȡԼǿż⡭ôܣ
ɫпܵģΪ˶ԣҪһλܹǵľеģŮģôҪΪпûʿô񷨡ͳҪֻǳ͢ǹƽһЩֻҪ˽׼ǿȡǰľɹ壬һУֶΪĻʱϻλȻҲˮɡûģϾЩҲҾ䡣
ⴿǺƣҲ֪ĿԵʵۡ
ͷֱջʵ̫󣬵Ͼܿ侲Ц콫ǾΪôģҵϵλԼΪʲôȥ
Ǵ֮˴ĺôʲôԳ˵ΪѾʵ۾֮£ǻʲôǲ˵ģʵҲа
ʵۣߣҲŲϡҪǸˡպǺЦ
Цʲôﲻ
˫һţ˳ĺһ֮⣬㿴һһʵۣԸҪǵʵ۵ĻǹŮ澶ܻҰ죬û¸̫࣬Ů˿ˡ
Ǹ棬ûЦ򴽡
ȷԸ˻ʵۣһƶȫᱻˣ࣬ҲûаӣЩо֮ͽܹһˣȷʵûһ֮ࡣ
֮е֮࣬ϻɢһеĹƫƫּдģԵò棬ǽŮ˵չ쾡£ŮôôͷǶǷǳ׼һ覴õģһֵŮ˻ӵʣǸǧѵһƾһ㣬˵˰ɡ
Цβ룬ҵĿǵʵۣΪҪΪô£ٽһ˵ܹϻʵۣʵû㣬ҶܹϣⲻǶһôȽȥȻȡ֮
Ƭ̣㾿õʲôأҲƽ޹ʵİҡ
յ֮ǰ²һҪϻʵۣʿ嶼ǲֵ֧ģΨ˻֧㣬ôͻᶨվһ֧ˣǼǿҴƱøǿյøӸԣҲҵαǳ֮⣬Ǳ£̫ӵ£ȫ֧ˣΪǱ飬ǲҪ˵֧֡
֮ǰҲ뵽˼ΣͻȻĿһƳ۲תЦѵͲҳƵ֮󣬷ô
£Ȼ£
յҪĻҲҪԼ׵ķĹԻ㡣Ҳֻ㡣
Եͷ
յԣȾӦýȨֺã֤Ǳ˴˶ûбȥԷ
ЦȨģ˿ǻģα֤
ɷ֤
ɷ
Цô죬ѾңУɷһרգǶȫЧġ
̹Ȼʵ
յȨɷ֮ϵģɷڻȨ֮ϣ֮ȡƽ⡣
üһ壬ɷң
յͬʱҲסҰǷǳƽġ
Цʵ֮䲢Ҫֵز
ЦҺ׻ʺ˼㵱ʵۣҵ࣬ǿ֮ϣΪҪɷǡ
Цѵ𣿡
ҰǲһĴ׸Ը˿ƣƵ۶ԣһǳζĵ⣬ͻȻ˵ҪɷסиӬɵζĵϡ
ȻǡЦȨǰ޹ϵԵüΪο֮䡣
ϲһΣЦɷҲ˶ģľܹ𣿡
յͷ˵òҲұ֤һǳߵ·Ҳѡôһλǻ۲Ů˺ܹȴģȻҲпܻʧܣһ㣬촦ǲȥһߣǾԶһ·
ĿһţźգΪΪ˽ܹңһļƻ
ЦǵģҲҪ㣬ֻΪ˱ܵ˺ܹƽ
룬ǶԺ£ߵһ˵Ц˵ƣ͸ҵ˫˫Ŷסһǰĵһʺɡ
ɷҵı⣬Ҫôܹ⡣հڰֵ֣ҵȻ»Ȩˣܹ֧˷չأ
Ŀ˸˼£Ըꡣ
ɫЦô뻢ıƤ
һ㶣漴û˴ˣ˴ˡ
лʺ󿴵¡պǺһЦֵҪøɣһ㣬ӮҪ󳼵ΣҲ޳ȥίȫΪίȫԵõýģһ㶼ѡ˫Ӯľ档ȻѾѡ˽׼׼һֱ˿õģǵڣνɾӣԴ֣ⷽĿǰ˼벻˵ķչû˼ΪٺõҲܷӵ¡
˵꣬ҵΪΡ
£ԭʺѾ뵽ˡ
ͷ


1896 书
ʵһֱ֮䶼һĬܶǶܹ뵽һȥ
ͬʱ뵽Ϊ
Т⼸꣬쿴䣬Ѱһ˼Ϊ˷չĻ
ΪշǳҪû˼Ϊǲܷչʱģ֮磬˵ȳʱѿӭոˣո˼룬ŰʱġʵʱѿȻͻֵģΪʼջڽû˼ΪҪôԶѿ֮УҪôֱӱݻ٣ǲܷչġ
˼ʵǷǳǳҪģκ壬һҪ˼ΪһǵҪһףΪոˣһǳؼأǽ̻ᣬո˵˼гйȨݣǴȨȨгģйû˼뱾ͨģйѧң϶Ҳʺ˷չ˼룬ӵΪΡ
˼붼Ϊ񣬵˼ΪʲôΪ˷
Ϳôȥͷɣʥ˵ĻǶǵģôöС
ӵΪΡ
յͷΪӵΪΣڴʱ˿̣ϸ󣬱¡ҡˡ㣬ҡ
˻
ȻҲ뵽ΪΣɸղ̫һҪΪԼκ¶ΪԼҪû˽ҲŮۡ
յһ㣬£ҵԭκߣ÷ϱµ棬ŶղΪߡ
Բ˵
˵˵һɫʼΪȣôƳ˼룬ȫϱµ棬ֻҪΪӵ˼ǰټ֮ףһ̶Ϲ˻ĵλ
ңҴưͼʵ̫ˣÿǲͬ飬Щ߿ʺϳһʺݣʲôһƶȥ淶⼸ǲܵģΪξܹÿطԼǱֻ͢Ҫ֤ˣñ˵ͳһ˰աɷҷչǷǳġ
ˡ˱ϾһĽ׼ôڹҾͿ϶ɳġ˿Ŀ϶ɣɣǷ˷չȫܡĻԿסˣһ˶ƣͬΣ֮У֧˵ģǶԭԣҪһǿͳΣΪǲСǱҪһǿĳ͢Ϊ˶ΨͼģȱͳߵĴֹۣҲΪʲôһֱǿ͢ҪƽȨ
ַǳɣ˷չҲ뽨棬ìܣֻ˼ȥ⡣ΪΣɲ˵Ϊһ˼룬Ȼ˼룬Ϳ϶һ׹档ҪģһҪڳ͢涨֮µɣΪε˼룬ʵǱ֤˷չͬʱȷ͢Ȩ˵Ǹƾһ㣬ͱҪΪΣ˵ȵ˷չΪΣҲӦǻһ˼ģôǵȻε˼룬ص˼롣
ڻʺԣΪΣһ㣬ҲûʺϲôѿҲΪҺҪ󳼣ŷΪΡ⣬ǻʺ˼룬ôȻΪ֮䣬Ϊ֮ףΪõˡ
ôһжҵ档ɡ
һǼԣֻ뵽Ϊʺ˵ķչû뵽ʵΪ˵ģΪθɣͬʱҲΪһ˼룬˵ƾΪζ֮䣬ôҾͿ϶ӵ˼룬ǵ˼벻ΪΣôҪҪأ
ڳ͢ԣȸ˷չɣͬʱֿõ˼ȥͳΡ
ˡգڹԱ뵽ͳν׼档
˼˺ðΣǽƾˣһǵ
ҲֻֻǿʼֵҷԣȻѺϣԼҪ϶ǾǱģͶһ׬ģй˵Ĺ𡣡
һ˵¹»Ȩ
յͷ˳ΪǿĽ׼ôй˹ҲΪȨģԵµĻԣʺһ˹û˻ģһǾ޴ģ˵һ̲š
ⷽΪóһ׹Ҫٶʰ䣬ʵǽƾˣҲҵϻλ
£׼⣬ϰСʱģûֱȥǺЦʺǴһؾͽեɰ
һ˫ذ
ͬҲһ˫صִ㴩·𣿡
յˣĿ
ЦĿлмƣΪŮۣ۸£ҲռȨ
һ㣿չһЦ֣һ˫ص˵ֻǴ»Լʱ˵ġ
ЦѵһϾͿ̸𣿻Ҵš
ȥ㻹ǻȥˣЦҶѾ̹ԣһʲôɲҴŵıҪҪϵλҪ书Σ°նҵղŻ֧㡣书ôǵȻǿΪҴȡռ䣬ǰδеĹԽػʺ䣬˲ܱ顣ԣΪ׼ʤսͬʱսὫ书ϵһ𣬿νһ˫񡣡
Ｄ
աޡ
üͷɻ޲ǵ֮أպѾҴƣ㲻ǿɡ
һЦֽƻ
˫ĿһĿ⼱
ЦսһΪҴƿսע˵أΪ˵Ȩսͨս˽֮ǰڻʺĵ⣬λʺҲΪʺϵλ¼ʵĻһ㡭
ȨһĨ˷ܵĿ⡣
ЦŵͷȨǱһеĻڣûоȨǶһȺֽϻͨս漰ȨģֻҪٻۼ꣬Ǿܹϵš
￪ʼðˣս˫нǺۣһսͿ˴󺺡
ΪûзֲˣսҪΪ˱һѩǰܣҴҫȵȣҴѾҪЩ¡ҺרѡǿĶȥûǱ£ͱǴôѡһЩöȥ򡣺ñ˵Щ죬ǿţʺܹ֮£Ī֮Īǵʱ˭ɻʺأ
Щ֮أԸȥ
ũʿǿ϶Ըȥģǿ϶Ըȥġ
Ц˵ĺôΪҪԭϺгһҪչгģʲôĸӻ㡣˵˿ڲϵӣҪغԴֻҪǻ㹻غԴĻôձȻᰲҵǶʲôأĵȻƫƧֳܹʳ
Ϊؼǣܹڵìܣ˽׼𣬹ƶͬҲԽԽôһµìܣȻеСȥţ֧֣͢أˣҲã˺ߵһⲻܹ㿪Խػʺ䣬ܹìܣͬʱܹΪԭĴԴͲƸеһȫΪģôȻȻͻΪԭһλŮʵۡ


1897 ΣϷ
ΪʲôôҪգΪѾطã֪ôȥܸԸһֱôţǷǳܵģҲ֪ĿǰҪŤתյǷǳѵģңҲĥ͸ոİʾһϲȴŮˣҪ֪Լôܴľ棬»Ȩ
ԱôݣʵǷǳżġ
ҲΪʲôԸȥ⹴Ķǣ֪տ϶а취ܹ½ΣǺյİ취հôæҵʱǳͽƵ乬ȥˣΪոǶжԣǾͲɴһ㡣
ڵõҪһУȴ
ô˵Ǹû뵽ջ˵ôһ
ǸԭֻȨÿ˼ĶλϵȨȥԼС
մͷβûᵽҪȥԳλ󳼣ֻǽ˭˭˭ϳҰ
һǸ񣬵ܹ㣬ô顣
ʵҲϻλ·һͨϵȨλһ֣˼λ
ʲô飿
ܼ򵥣㼴λ֮󣬹̩񰲣ķǾ顣
û뵽ձôһƻֻǸݺԣǱɽһǣѾǳ˷ܣΪܹһУȷǿԳƵ۵ġ
ղںһļƻ
ͬʱָеЩ٣ķʽͱȽȫȨλǺյļƻͰֶҪˡʵʲôĶǣ¯࣬ЩҲܸʲôЩҲһǲǲҪʲô书׷Щ书ǷǳѵģҲͳһػʣһ䣬һڣǸɲЩ
ƺ©һսͻȻĿһ̧źա
տЦ뽫եɡ
Цܱߵĵ㶼ȥΨûȥѵҲʣͲ˵ô
ެôЦһֱΪĿǰȷʵûһƻڵķչ⣬һǳؼԭ򡣡
ۣʲôԭ򣿡
ճĬެܹ˳λ
˫Ŀһƺʲô
յµӦñҸиʲôƣҲһὫλ̫ӵģ̫ӱϾǻʺĶӣ㵱̫Լ̳дͳжӣʺҪռԭ̫ӵĶôһᱬĸ֮ǿɱ¾λôһе彫ʧɫ٣׷ǺϷλܹȥ
ǹؼʱ򣬱ެȫսǿĵˣܻҴٲ֮أֹؼʱ򣬹еҪһǿ쵼ߣʺ֮ǰһֱĲôʱȻͻŽڻʺߣȵⳡս󣬻ʺﵽ£һжˮɡ

ڣƻ
ٴ书̫ȻǺϷ̳ˣʺҪλڿ϶зԵ㻹ЩҲ֧㣬飬Ψеһǿĵ˵ʱ³ҪòŲôͳҪһܹսʤǿ˵쵼ߡ
Ҫ»֪ެΪ۵ģûѪ
ӵÿۺգҵǲԩ
ʵһǳԸˣôҲû뵽һû뵽նެãлôһԭһжƻеĻǺпܵģⲿѹôĻڲͻǰŽᣬû˻ںʲôŮʲôʿΪӮĻҾͶ
ʵ˶ùдԵľǸųΪԪסˣҪһս֮ķԼ¹ƵǷϣǲƶλģһս
ֶθμңǳڲⲿìܣﵽԼҪһС
Цʺû䣬ʺӮҡ
ЦЦЦЩɬϵλĻȷʵӮңǣһжǺƶģֻûȥ˭ƻӮһ˵
ƻΪηˣңǱ¡Ц
ΪӺƻɲҪλҪϷλҲ˵Ҫȵ졣
㲻η𣿡
ղʵ
Ĭ
ЦʵҶףǰ淢£㣬ܹģԷӮʼǱ£һǴδһҲǱµĶ֣Ҳԣ»Ȩȹ̣ǻͼ֮ʱҸһֱŹͬ档
黢˭¡ʵսƳĪĺôͿԱηͻƻУڱηͻθ֮УҲǳҪڣмһ˿ԵڣȿԹ᳹ߣֲҪȨȨĻλ̣ΪǷǳġ
ﵱȻҲѾȴĲ豭һڣ£ЦЦѾȫ̼ƻңͲҹӲô
٣û꣬̽ңĲֻ֪ͻ治һǼٻĿǰԣʵ뻢ıƤһΣϷֻ̽ЩջٿȻվߵǰ˫ֳߵĲϣ΢΢ͷǽ޵ĺ촽ͽߣһĨЦ˵أ
һĻʶ
ηͻȻ̧˫֣§źյĲЦɲûпܵġ
̴΢ţ촽ݣɢŵ֮㣬ǴҩȴʤǴҩ
㻹ɫңһƣҲ£ӿǰٶֵġղˣȻͷȥ
Ľһ࣬˫̷£ʱˣǵûȥˡһ˫޵Ŀ˸ŵ֮ɫ
ΰ
һյĺһΣֱһ·ЦһãǴӲԹˣȻҾôзκ⣬ҶڵģҪӲŵı£ʹǣ̽ҡ
ҲվбĿۺգߵҪ˵ѿ֮£Ƶڶû˸ҳƵһ˵ЩֻǴŵļƻǾôʵʩб£ҹӣ㿴ҸҲҽŸˡ
˵շ˵Ǽս˵ɣôӮҪˣɾͶˡǽԼȫ̼ƻ⵼ӵգܹЩ˵þȫпʵ֣ÿһǳߣެͱ˵ˣաĸǺǵģҪܹһټ͸ˣȵ
˼˵úܰб㽫ϸҲҡ
յȻôؾ㲢δŵļͷ԰
һۣ޳ܡ
˵꣬תǱȥ
ʱȷʵˣø֮ǰصȶ¡
һܻҲ͵˽


1898 
ߺ󲻾ãҲݡ
磡
úСҰ˹
տСҰͻȻðһ˿ھǸЦõˣ
СҰֻǲΪЦЦһ˴һ¶ν㹦㲻ʲô
յǾһҹٻȥɡ
СҰһ
˱ϵҹɫ뿪լԺ

ϵձ㳤һȻַʽҵĲ衣
û뵽﷢ϵȻѾˣֹϵƻƶһȻûļƻУ͵ļƻ˸С䡣
ңϵҲ˱øƽȡ
ʵպ룬ãôӦȨڷŵĽ̸֮УûзӳΪһ͸ԼضʹƽȣԼֻһپ٣һ
˵Ȼ̲ǺԤƵǽûбģļƻҲûзתۣǵˣЩƵһУѾȫʵ֣ҪոʤĹʵ
ǳ˷ܣһ֮УӦ˵ʱһ֣ҲǶһ޶ģҲһֱ֡óѡĿС



ǱߴϢѾִŹأձɵݣңԳԣ˳Ļһεóһַһ
ôࣿ
Բ
ŴͷǰǸóףҲԼǴӲ˹Ǳ鱦ϣȵȡһǰͬشĻйҩľռɣëëƤ޻ȷ֯ԭϣռɶ࣬Ȼûм٣ռࡣЩֶ½䣬ԴЯҿ˸ǽףҪǸǰһԳ͢ΪĻǻ治һܹһ
˵ܲζЩʵܽóף͵زȻʵǷûǣǰóףҪԾ󳼣壬ԭİգ͢ȻԲ͢Ҫôë
ʱЧӦһս󣬾Ѿ̤ʱ壬ԭҪˣΪƶҲ֧ʱ巢չģͻʹڸ͢˵ȫóףÿһó׹غÿգȻĻϻΣʱأҲҶһأӶյ࣬ǴǶǴģȦֵأֲҩң֪ԭҪʲôëëƤ޻ԭǳҪԭϣЩԭϣ̫ḻëҪˡ
ǰԭóף·ϻǿ˸ǿǿˣƥģҵ·Ҫ̫ͨˣ·һֱûжϹƶȣ佻˰ٸͰ£˵֮ǵȻ·ͨЩ̽˰ָٸɱģ㽫·޺þˡ
յͷǿ׼ã
ŴЦҲǳûѾǶѻɽ˿Դˮɴˮ֮֯˿ǴӦò⡣
ǾͺãյͷֵȻ֮óףǳ͢ҲҪӰල˫óףеľףȥһݣˡ
Ŵͷ
ʱ˵ʡ
յɡ
һֻһνΪ˽¹ټɡ
յʲô£
¹Ƿ֮ǰȥٿʺֵҪ顣
ļհһЦͷ֪ˣ
ûԸ¹پȸˡ
ȵ֮ŴʺʱٿҪ飬˵᲻óйأ
ͻȻָǽϵ㿴ߡ
Ŵƫͷһ£ĪǿʲôЦҪָҲָ£߿ϲǽ
պǺǵ߶ܹܵȥοǽ
Ŵʱβ


һ磬պСʳǡ
ոûʳǣͼ˼ګһȺ£ڸӲ졣
ˣ
ռæֺ
˼ګΣƺϸ˵ǲԵģϾƳûһ˵
ְμ
ߵĽټæȭ
λ񣡡һֳ֣˼ګ㴩һƷѽ
ƨĵ̫¶ˡ
˼ګЩ£ͬʱͷȥ΢΢š
˼ګһµȥǱ߿

ȵЩһߣ˼ګüСôһ緶ûС
պǺǵģˣСֻʱģСҲһֱȥġ
㶼ô˵ˣһܷô˼ګŭ䲻Ŀ˶㻹뵱СһϢô
ɻһڣ־úǲףҪ˵նûгϢЩӲöȥϵɱϽһʵôôأ
յȥÿᡣ
˼ګʵʲôأ
յû£л顣
˼ګͷͻȻʲôƵãˣҴ˵һлл
ղΪɶҪС˵лл
˼ګ⼸ҵĲ÷ǳ׬˼ǧᡣ
˵ʱͦģֻԼԽԽݶܹ׬ôǮֲ̫ˡ
ҸݺյĽ飬ģЩƶ֮أרžֲݣϾҪˣҲ˻ȥߵóٷ˷öաƥӣ;õ궼ҪĲϣûвϣ˭סҵĵ꣬պҵĲϷգһӾ׬ˣǮ˺üˡ
ҵ˶ˣ˵һ䣬ܹ׬ôǮ
Цˣһˣ˵Щͼˡ
ѽǧԣǾţһëô˼ګЦǺһЦֵˣˣȥĪҪٵˡ
ǡ
˼ګ֮󣬺ãֻʣûеˡ
ҿʺ󻹻ûе
Ĺ˹֣ȻԼλǰ£֣Ц֣ɣ˵֮Ҫëˡ
Ʋ¶ĵ㲻ô֣еѵҲַݶô
£ѽҲзݡô࣬óȥôɱˡ
֣ж֯ëǺճ⣬ֱӵë֯棬֮¢ʵģԭһҹӦôȥ
ͻȻԳıߣ˵ëëҲóȥ
̾ϧûë
ʶĵͷһ
ѵأ΢΢һ漴׹ǿԼ֣ɲֻСڹꡣ
ʱһ߿ʺݵ
ҪȫվƬ̣ͼ˽ֻ΢΢ʾ⣬ԼҪģЩҪķȽڣﴦģɲΪ飬ɵġ
˵ﵹɣ֪£Ⱥˣ̫ˣԾ԰һ㣬ڳһŷ£ǵļӣ˵Ѿ˺ա
ҲֻԵͷȻԼλǰʾɡ
Ҫȫ
ȵȻлرĿǰҲûʲô£ҪҲǳڽ裬ԼٵóףóΪ͢ҲûжĹϵ
ԴҲûж˵ʲôȵб֮ͻȻŸλҲ֪⼸նڴȶ£ڴȶ¿һǳֵ󣬾ڳڳ


1899 ιƽ
ˣ
⻰ԾЩ󰡣
ĹǶһͷˮĿ
üһ壬ΪѵҳɷĹ涨׼ʿô
ǲһȥˣȥسˣôһôذ
ĹǸϽΪʺƺ͸¶Ŷ˵Ĳ
ϾǳΣŸոչȥ־ڲڡ
ȻҳһֱɷҪȫסֲ̫ܣ˵񣬾ʱҲڳڳ󡣡
ʵȻɷãΪʲôҪɷ
⡭
Щ󳼶ʱ
Ϊα㲻֪
ʵҪ˵ǾͳϲЩǶǵĶɷɲҪʱʱ̷̿á
һҪ̵ֳ͢ţ֮ǰܹӭ׼棬ͳߺֲΪأʵƳһֱ˶ǳݵģǱӶѡ
һҪˣɷɾˣŴҪͷ˭ҲѭҲ
ҴƽԳΪЩͬɷ𺦳͢⣬ûκΰģȻɷԲôɷҲԲ޶ʱԼ
һʵô
ǾȵĿ㲻ƾ΢ɷͽʱԼˣ쿪ˡ
ΪЩɷҪôϸִУҪôͷϳ
ӵͷҲΪʱһЩͬɷϾڱ仯ɷҲӦһЩ
ΪˣȻҲϲЩͬɷɷУʥҲַġ
Ĺջʺ˵Ҳˣ˳
նб¾ͽҴˡ
ۺգΪ÷ϳһɷ
΢΢üƳۺգƺЩʲô
ɣ
Ĺ̵˳ƣЩϳûȫˣϳǼԵģΪ˱ΨͼģΪ٣˱ضȨΪԼȡ档Ŷϳ˵òǴҲͳһ˿ɲܸᲢۡ
ɲ֮ˣԺպܷ˼ұǰģǺǺգˣֵܹġ
֮⣬֣ɣӵܣٻӵܶʼ̣Ҽǰ͢Ѿ֮ˡ
ĹлƵģȫϳһɷ͵Ǻƣһ漰ȨܻὫҸŪҵģΪֻԼ棬ԱҪʥ츣գңιܲҡ
֪Ҳſ˵ƣʿӱػеģѾòƸȨҲˣȻ󲨵ġ
ΪԽ·ֳ£ϳ׼˳Ĺ涨ּˣͬʱָһЩΪ´󹦵ˣˣͬʱҲˡ
˵ǿԣ׼˳ĿǰǿЧִУҪ޸Ļ߷ϳҲͬ˻ܹЧִС
ƣҪǳִеģǲܵġ
ԵͷĿһɨ
Ĺȷϳ޳˳һҪƣϳҲΪɵĽǿеġ
Ҳ׷׵ͷ
ɣ䣬¾ͽȥ졣ҲϣлһЩͬɷϣеÿһɷڡ
΢
˹ֵ
ѽ˵õʱԼأ
ʱԼУֻҪӦͨġ
ŴҲ޳ˡ
Ĺʺ󣬴漰ɷӦøһ¡
Ц֮ǰѾҲΪʵ޸ģ˵ˣǷͨʱԼ
Ĺεĵ˵ͷ
ΨһûгĺգֻһԾĿݣδûйעһ㡣Ҳֻ̾һСС£ȴõ˵ɼ岻Сɷ޸ģȿ԰»ȡ˵Σ˵˶ʽ׼Ļǳ͢Ҫ˵λֿ԰ҪУչֳĵλ
ȻĹŷȨǽ໹еģĲҵõͨ
Ǿ仰μңϲһЩС£ȡ档
ˡ
ͻȻֵ֮ǰǰһΣɷϵǣ֮ԻǳΣԴҲʹ˼ʹҷʡҷ֮ԻᷢһΣΪ֮⣬Ϊ͢ϣĸԤյȻһΣ֮ǰҳǷеҵΪΣϣǳΣ֮󣬳͢ҲΪΣðһָҴƱ̴Σ˳ʱԼУҲŵΪε˼롣ˣҸ¶Ϊι֮ӦƳҵΪΡ
ʱԼıʣԼϣ˼Ƿǳעس׹ģһ׷ǳϸƶȡ
Ĺȫû뵽ʺͻȻˣԴЩϡ
´ʺҳԿι˼оһֱĵ˼룬Ҳ˼벢УϳΪ˼ܹܺõĻûбҪȥıһ󡣡
֮Ҳ޳ɡ֮һֱڣ˼ģΪ˼ҴƵµĻЩ룬ǲȷΪΪҪι˼룬»µìܡ
ĹƵʺ˻
˼Ƴǳ𱰻ģ˻¶ŵ֣ΪҴĹô˵ģѾƶȣҲڱ£ԻĶֻۣ»ìܡҵݣΪΣʺҴƵµĹ顣
ĹüʺԹƬ棬Դңʧʰɣ
֣ееһЩ˼ȻЩڵµĻҵĸ˼뻹ڹҵŽͰָýںδ˼Ϊģν߰ˣһԶ
ΪʲôԸ˼룬һҪԭ򣬾зǳŨҾ˼룬̫˻ʵ۵棬Ҳҳʢ˥ԭûҾ˼룬ǲܳʢ˥ġ
Цλ֮ҵ˼Ҫ˼룬ļ˼롣ҼȷˣҲǵˣǷˣҶ˼붼ûе⣬ҵùң飬Ҫıҳ˼벢еľ棬ǽ˼ںһ壬ܹõĻˣһ飬˼ңԵ˼ιԷƽ¡


1900 þ
Щ£
Ĺࡢ´ЩڵĴѧʿ¡
ιƽ£һţѾΪĿͷˣӹɵģ˼ǲôϸ滮ʲôһһĵݽһһֿ仰˵õ˼ͷ˼ҵš
ǣҶֻǸ֮£ιƽ²֮£ûкιƽ£Ʋ޳仰Ҫܵ٣ƶһҪںôǲǿ˵С¾Ҹɣ¾ǵҺͷҸɡ
ⷬž˵Ҫֵǳ塣
Щһȴ˼֮С
΢΢ۺգ˼û±ƣҲûг˼ǿҪ˯ˣҪ֮ǰһʵģҪʣΪѾ֪յ⡣
һĹ¶֮ɫˡϳ޶ۣ׻ʺ⻰Ǻ⣿
֮ߣߣҡ
ǽԭ˵һ飬漴Ƿǳͬ仰ģЩ֮ιһᵼ´ҵġɼ˼УƷ֮޵֮ˣѧٸߣҲˡ
ĹǷ׷׵ͷôһ˼
ﻰһתǵи֮ˣ֮Ƿ֮ιƽأҿҲȻһ£ιƽһ£ȫĻΪһ̸μ֮ȥιǲеġͬԣһֱᳫ£ⲢûдǺνʡأΪҲǡʡذգӦøոɷչܣԼƸӶңⲻ
Եʹ°Ƿǡ¡ѽط˺˵£ⲻʥôǸƷ£Ȼ˵¸УȻ̫ƽ¼˶Ʒ¸Уʥֺ뽫Ϊŵأɼ˻ƽ֮˼ƽ֮ɷγԴڵ£һУֻڲͬط
ҳ̵˽Ӵķǳ࣬ìܾȻҲ࣬Ե̻գ̫ƽģΨзƲܹʹó͢ʱ̫ƽ
һҲף﷽ԣ˼Ϊһ壬γһµ˼룬ǳʲôʲô
ΪҪǣⲻǴ˼֮Ǹݵ»ĵ˼ҪŵȣŷǳɭϵĵȼƶȣԾͲڵµĻΪҪƽȣԹΪԼΪ
Ĺǲظ֮壬ǻǷǳģΪ˵úеҪ¶ˣûбļ˼룬ֻ˼˾ְһѪ˼ᳫΣԲУһֱڣֻҰװҲνڷĽ黹һš
ң˼һҲգ˼ҪߵģũڼТؾڱϣǵȻԣڼТ꣬ǾǱȥ
ǳ޳ɻʺ֮ԣʵҳ䣬߶Ϊε˼룬ʺ̸۴£ѵҪ͢Ĺ涨һô
ͷˡ
Ĺ֮ûбҪֻҵۣìܡ
˵ֻìܡ
ҴƵߣбκһģ˼룬ȴҴƱøǿһΣУìҲֳˣ͢ڴìܵʱ򣬵ѭѭ˼룬ͱһУǿֻᱬµΣҵΪΣ͢ԴݵĴЩìܣµìܡ
ΪΪѧѧʣ˼ǲΪΪΪΪʤΪǳ˵һָһջ񣬵ΪҪ͢ķСʹ°հҵȻΪ֮¡ʴˣü˵ǻۣܹΪΡ͢ҪΪΪι˼룬в֮ʿΪ͢Ϊγıߣʹ価ƾ
ˣôĸĿģڰɨϰͻȻһԵĺգʵ֪Դкο
ģ쵰ϲΣһֱǳϿλʥˣΪǶѵһţȻѵһǵȻʥˣһҴδɹΪǷҵģֻ˵Щ˲˽ңʵǷǳǳ⼸λʥ˵ġ
´Ƶ̸ۻʺ飬˭Ƿʥˡ
շ·ո˯ѣ״̬û˵ΪʲôЩ˶ôأһԭ򣬾ΪЩ˴
ȻõԸꡣ
˭Ժ󣬲Щ岮ô
ָɣ
յӵ˼ǵڴ֮ʱ˶֪һսʱҲ˵ӵ˼ԴһսʱҪǸʱĻҲΪ˶Ӧöܣ𱰳˶ӦЧӣΪĻ¾ͲˣҾܹҸֵţʥڵʱ˵⻰ʱǾԾȷġĻ
ĹüѵͲô
հڰֵǲԣֻʥҪ̫һ㡣
Ҫ̫ͣĹĪĿźա
ѽյźܴĹϵûзԵʱпڷˣпڷˣͻҪһ⣬ǲӵġʥսʱǺƽֻҪܹƽǾˡ
´ƵѵƽҲ𣿡
û˵ԣ˵Ҫ̫Ͱ
ҡҡͷֵʲôʱҴʢ̫ƽնҵѾﵽ˿ʥڴľ硣ǣڶźƽҪõҪҪ⣬Ҫ׬Ǯ͢Ҫ˳ġҴưոʱİգ롢ǲһģҲǴһġԲʥ˵˼ӲҵҴͷϣΪ˼Ѿ㲻ҴƵҴʵ̫ǿˡ
Ҳܳʱġ
յԵҲ˼Ѿ㲻ҴƵ󣬾˵ŲҴƷչôѸ٣ҪΪһԾǿԴʹҽġ˼ܽҲãƳ˼еĳΪ
ʥ֮飬ûģǶãǹؼǶ治Ҳ޸ҾôѵŶùôôʵΪ˼ʺϵʱĺɼһ˰ʥ˵˼ûдģʹȥʥ֮ԣҲµĻͰյⲻ̸ֽô
Ҳκ˼룬ΪǸ˳Ҳûжʲô飬Ϊ͹ӦģҪʲôҪʲôǾ͵ö֢ҩܼ򵥣⣬㻹ңҵģͻԣҿ϶㣬ⶼˣƾʲôģ˵ҵĻͻҾԻ
ʲô˵˼ʵܼ򵥣ðĸãǸãɲǸܳһãҪǻܳһǾһȺһӣչǧ꣬ܳһˣŶû塣
ΪӣңգҪģ˼ֻǹ߶ѣʺϵµĹ飬ǾãʺϾͲãʲôɱͱ̸ʲôҾΪһּ˽ΪʺⷬţǶǴôʵʺѾţҪòʣֱ˵ĵ㲻ʣΪʲôʣҪʲô֮Ҫⶫǿۻᣬ̸¡
һĹһ죬һ׵ġ
¬ʦͻȻ֮ѽǳӣӵҪְǸùң͵µĹԣΪΣȻҪŸӺʡΪΣĺôɣǸɣҲ˳͢ɣֺܶìܣڹҵ˼ͳһ˼ԶԣͱȽϱһЩڵµķչҲ˼ͳһ
ӵʺƳΪΣǲͬģΪɣҲڹҵİͷչǸݻʺţ˼ǻΪм䣬滹з˼֮ӶγһµţҴƵķչԼĿǰյ󡣡
ݣô˼ȻҲڣιʵҲΪΡ
ĹͷȻ˵Ļ͢ӦΪΪι˼룬Ե˼Ϊι˼롣
´ңڹΪΡ
ǾѹңҲˣΪΣֻһںŶѣҪ׼ìܡ
ЦŵͷҲҵı⣬ҪλĲܡ
ţ治ûȻҪԼҲΪҷչҪܶǶ˼ΪԵģƳ߶Ŵ˼룬ⲻìô˲׼ʵҲ˼룬ԲٺʡҲΪʲôֻҪ͢һ䣬ͶԣΪɷô涨ǵȻҪԡ͢ȷţܹʺϹҼչȥĻ˼ѡ


1901 Ϊ
ǺĻʺѽ
óϵ̸֮̾һʱԼԼʺȨܹͨʱԼʧȥá
¬ʦҡҡͷԲӣûʱԼʺ󻹻ЩڹҷչôɼʱԼЧġ
ӵǾö֮ɾͲһˡ
Ц㷽Żֻ֧ʺľأ
ӵ£ʺⷬڹҷչǷǳġ
ЦǻʺĵطһͨʹùҷչĸãôȻˮǴߣΪһȥԻʺ帮кηֱأҲõյ֧֣ȥȨǱʺקˡ
ɼǻǵСĽܴ⡣
ʵﻹǶٲԸֻ֧ʺģΪһͨʺȨ϶ӲٵģͬʱҲ֪ΪΣʵΪɨϰΪ˵̫ìܣͳ˼̫෴˵ģϷǷǳҪģܹìܡ

͢گϳֹ̽׼ơ
һگԵȻСֵ֧ǰʷǶǳ֧֣ΪǼ嶼ܹٽƥ˿Ǵͻ׼Ǽҵ˭
̡̣ڲ̶Ƿǳ֧һߵġ
˽׼ȻˣȻǺܶ඼ǳ͢ԷϳҪϵĵλ
ǳ͢ҪȷΪΡΪι˼룬𼫴ۡ
һĹݣ̴˳ȥŴձͷ£˼ңΪι˼ƽ¡ţһҲ˻ʵۺͻʺ塣
Ҳƾ߻ص˵
ʵһ棬һˡ
ЩҲܶԴֱӶƿڴǰһΣɵ£ֶ˳ҹ˵ˡ
ǴҶΣᶼᣬΪΣҲʵۣҪΪΪʼ棬εȻҪƳȵ˼룬ⲻƳТô
ܵһɷ԰ɣõͻƿڣǶֱ׳ģҪ£Ϊ֮ǰ˺ܴĴҲΪ˻ʵۣԭԵ˶˵ţΪҺãΪȨҪٵʱԼ
ĹǶѾԤϵˣƴڳйԱͣ͢ҪټңңΪ˼õںһ𣬻ϻǹ᳹˼벢еԭֻȷΪΪι˼룬ȷ˼Ϊι˼롣
ָĹݵĴѧʿڹΪΣһ㣬ΪξͰι˼룬Ҫɷ֮£ոɷչ̫ƣ͢Ϊְ͢Ǹݰյķչƶ۵صߡ
ôһͣһͶǳ֧һţΪѾȾɡһЩҵˣΪţûз˼룬ֻǽ˼Ϊιƽ£ⲻҵô
ʿ屾ҲޣžӭǵţҲʼд£֧һš
ɲ۵ҪǱֽձʿձǱҪҵıֽϿ£Ǯ
ɾ͸˽׼ṩǰ˼ϵۣʲôϵ漰Ǯܹ롣Ҳ֪Ƕģǲд£ôֻҪ֧һŵ£ǾͳǮʿձʹձǡ
Ȼ˼ϵۣǷǳģʿ˶ԣǿһսģҪǮܶҲں治Ǯ౾֧һŻʿȥ˺д֧ţǳǮҿǡ
һļϡ
ˣҺòɿҵ򶼱ȥˣû˹עǷ˼룬ɲУڴƵǷǳǿģǷҲҲīֲ֪ʼǵī˼룬ûᳫ氮ǹīҺ˼룬ᳫѧۣʲôѧʶۡ
֪ĵλͶʹܹīʲô氮ǹûʲôע㣬ҲͲᣬīרŸ㼼ġ
һ¿ˣ
Щ۶˵˵ѣڱֽ濯ǡ
ʵҲü
Ʊػᾪʵ۰
ʴθϽոеǵ
ų͢ΪεţʿֵķǷǳ߰üʵ
ûаҡͷҶǷǳְ֧ʵΪʾġ
˰ΣֱӽϵĴձ˦ЩԵ¶Ĵձ棬㵱Ϲô
˵񿴵Ƶáհֹһ䣬΢һۣ£¿ɾõ֤ݰ
Ƶ⻰Ǻ⣿
յ͢ոΪΣҾͿʼ˼ⲻΪԻô
һǿʶ
ǿʶ
յ£ҳЧʼʷ壬Чº۶ǻô˵ôǻô˵ôΪΪΣǲô˵Ҵ֮ΰҴ֮Ͱݡ
Եͷ
ֵʵЩԵᰲģһ͢׼ϷԣôվͻԣΪʲôҳһֱᳫ㿪·͢ӦϸĹ۲죬һȫ񶼷ԣǿ϶ǲеġ͢ǵ֪͢Щ治㣬ʲôôͿ۵أⲻŵġΪ֮δУ֮δҡк˼뻹Ϊΰڱԣƫ򰵡Ӧøֱӵ˵ʲôܶΪ鳼ΪϾ˵ʲôǾ£еǻʵۡ
úǺЦ⻰޻ǵһӳӿ˵
յ˳֪Ƥ֮ëɸĵºãҺãҲŸá
㶼Ǳˡ
ЦЦֵʿӷԳ͢Ҳ̫ðɡ
յ£͢ŵΪΣҪ׹᳹ΪΣҪ˳Ӧ飬ȻĻìܵģͬʱ͢ǿɷҵĵ£ҪҺͷΪΪλѧԣ⵱ȻǿԵģ˱ģ߶Ա³ԲѷΥɷ񷨣ô͢ȻǻģֻҪڳ͢Ŀ֮£Ǿȥ˵ɡ
ԵͷҪһ㣬ҲӦģ˵ң𺦻ʵ۵棬ΣҲдƪ£Ĵձ档
ռ⡪̫ˣ֤֮ȫѧԺ衣
סˣ˼άԾе㣬ָźգЦ㻹˳
κܿдһƪȻԼдģ۾ǽĹٴдģ
һ£߲Ǹ߲ƪ¿ڴձ档
Ƿǳ򵥵ģ˵ձʿձ£޸еǳο˵ܣҾ˼룬ⶼǷǳȷģϣܹԼС
ͷڴձ淢£׼ģǼӡһһһʿձһ鷢ˣһŲʣ
һʵΪҵ˼ǶԵģǲҪջأ
һ⡪ΪΡ
ҶʱȻⲻǣΪԻô˵öȳ͢˵ûҪãǳ͢ΪʲôҪ˵Ļȥ淶ǣⲻǶһôԳо˰
ɼεŲҪ˼룬ȫӵ˼룬ʱһʱҪôңҪôңѡһΪһְݵţҺ͵ңǶɣũ񣬻ɣҪ̣Ǵͳͳǰյɣ͢ȥԤЩɷչʵҼֵ
Ǻ˼롣
䱾Ǳ׼Ϊʲôأܼ򵥣˼Ѿǽ˰󻧣ָմȥƣΪؼǣ˹ͬ˼룬Ҫǻˣⲻڹҷչġ
˶̻ʵۿȣػڶҪ̫ڡ
˵ţֻ߸̻ʵۡ
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ΪڳʿУòļ˼룬һţһӵдɫš
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Щһͷǳӵţ½׼Ϊ½׼ṇ̀ҶˣڳԵģͳ࣬Ϊεž͸ṩ˴̵˼ҵɣƾʲôЦңңֻҪûΥûʲô캦֮¡
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룬ǮǿԲգһ԰ӣǡԡ£Ҫ󲻹ְɡ
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ݺݵıӵ


1902 ʶ֮
Ҫ֪ǰ˼ۣǶǺģ㲻ǺģҲĪĹϵغһֱǱʧ˵Ұ֮С
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ڰУѾһĴڣҲҪȥˡ
ڴﵽ־磬ƽʱôڣҲȽУ˼ڼϣһ쵽Ҫôڼĵ£ҪôŷѩдҪôȥ˶ڽͺͺѧ
ó̶΢ԵæµһЩΪŴѾȥǱߣҪ
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СʲôأҹһЦС磬Ҳ
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أҡͷҵȷθ֮ѽ뵱뿪ʱеһƬǶԴ˶еǣ˵ݶñҪ٣˼飬ǲ˼ˡ
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أ㶣ǳΣʱɾڳԻʺӡǼȲã
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ǷǳϲֵôõƷӦõԭҿԵһָ߼ƷΪŮȥƸġ
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أ£漴Ҳ֣͸ǵģרװȯġ
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أҲС磬治֪ôӵлң˿񷢸Щκֽţ쿸˿ιʵ̫ˣҪӵлҵĻöܹһ¥

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أҵĿȱѽʱģҲܣֻҪ֤͢ȯԶһԭĻˡ
һҲ̫ʶ˰ɣռǺҪȯֻεĵͷðɣҵʱºһ£ܷƹִȯ
Ǿ͹СĺϢ
أҡǶԵüѡ
ȷʵ̫ңǶԣǿǲͭǮǹֻܹԭƷǾмֵġ
Ǻյÿͨ͵⣬Ҳ⻹ǵһ


1903 ޳֮ͽ
ｻ̸С죬վȥгԷղ̫ϲʲôᣬǰΪڣϼȥˣ͸ӲϲΪҶԣǵ˽򣬾Ͳ̫ϲ˴룬͵ģµżԷҲǽСҰС
⽫أҡ̽еԼ
ˣϻǰҷԸǰ£нչ
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ʵ֪飬˫ƿС
أ£漴СָĿղ£
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أҵĿǰеķǳ˳ѾǱߵ˽ǢˣһЩëƤﶼղǱߵطʵ̫һ㣬ԭƷǶ𡣡
̵ʵղİտĽǣ֪ȥղвǨƵͥؾסһЩյĹ
յͷ̾Ϊʲôȥó׵ԭڡΪƶɾսĸԴڣҪ̫̫ǾڱϣܹƽôǵʱֻǿһҪδѣǸԣҲ̫ܹܲ࣬ƽ
أҵС˵ȻеǱ߻ǿɺ㷢չܶ£ҲǰĪ
ͻʾɵصʱ巢չĿ죬ΪʷǺ³һսɱ˺ܶ壬ټϺ汣󶼻һսֽʣĹ嶼ɱ߰˰ˣ˲𡣵ղ嶼ڣƃ壬ʷǼ壬ɶǵصĻƽ壬ڿɺ˭Ը׷Լĺλ
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ǣСɷһģһǵġأֱͷظ֤
ʵ㺫ղ˵ǵȻҲΪһг˶ԣгǷǳؼģǿԵͼչǱߵëƤȻԭ
˵ùûʣղİգʵǰصȻƷǿɺͲƶȣռԭһƶȣԭͬƶȣͬĻͬ˼롣
һȽƶһҰƶȵʱҪǲȥͬǣǿ϶ģӹɵġ
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С磬мƻǲ
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񳤰ЩֵѾ޽еһƵĽͨ
ʵ⽻ͨƳˣΪƳʲôܵúϣʲôʱˣʲôʱó޾ϸ涨ķǳ;ͨʶĻֻһֱӣҪ΢޸ĽͨΪ˱˵İȫеȻˣһģһһݡȻҲΪˮ֣ṩ˼ϵ֧֣ؽֵķǽòˣһդΪؿ·ҿҲǼۡ
Ȼܷ٣ڳн跽棬ͻԶƣǱ߻ǺֱײҪԡ
أҵС磬ˮѾʶʵ̫ˣ㿴ܲӳ޵ͥȥĻһ˿ɾͷˡ
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ǵգˮ·ĻֱӿȥˣֱӴͥǮ·ʲôʵҲһֱھǮ·
Цŵͷ̣治һḶ́ҪĻͻǱȽѡ
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յ˼СҲ٣Ⱥ̫ˡ
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ͻȻִյأǱȥ§أңգ۵Ҵ磬˵ֵܵĲչ㣬ҽһź㣬׬ǮʲôƤëɶҪ׬Ǯ
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أգ˼
ȷһ˹ɱ˻Ҫ࣬ϾȣԼߡ
治ޣ˹Ů˺ڳǷǳǳģΪ͢䲼ū澷ԭŮӾ̫ˣָӣټϸڵ鷷Ů£ֻҪǾ;ٱŪú˶Ѿȥˣ¥Զᵽȥˡ
ңƳ˶ȽͷŮˣǲ˹ŮƯַƳ˶ǳϲ
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䲻С磬ĪҪƲˣҾΪǷǳʺЩ˵ġЩ̣Ҫʲô֮¶ԼܵĻǵöѽҲӦΪε˼룬ҪĿг棬˲ţҪ±عף˸˾ְܽøһЩ
أöƵƵͷԭʿǲԻ
հһСǿ˰

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1904 а
ʵЩʿձ£ܴҹעЩµĺ˼룬ǽ˼룬õҵյȻֵ֧ģΪܹͳ˼½׼ںһγһȫµ˼룬ʱķչżİΪ԰˼ڴͳң
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أЦǺǵλɱǫ飬ǵʵǿĺܣٶûǶԿҲ㲻ʲô
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ֵҵıʣǾͱ룬ǹʣңǳѧԺҲǩ¶һֱá
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ͻȻ뵽ʲôˣС磬Ͻȥܽлѽ⼼ϵ⣬ܿóģһа취
Ҳѽܸȥˣôûм
ʱ͹˼ܣȥأЦݵԺţҲ֪ܵԸ̫ϲ߶
ǵʲôôģԸ߶ǻǮý̧ܲһ·Ƿǳ
¿ɲָһˡպǺһЦԼҲ취˼ҲֵܣһؿǴ׬һʡ
ʵǺܸ˼ģΪһͷԤʾҪˣֻҲû뵽ô죬ûвΪһֱ׬ǮǵȻʲôֻǽţû˵˺ȱĵزΪƳһӢN౶һʼгҪгҪһʱ䡣
ΪʲôΣ֮ǰ˲о࣬һеĻȥǽ͸оЩģ˺һȫгҲݺݵЩصİǶܳʲôҪʵվΣ֮ǰûôгټϽַдȯϰлҷԱгͿʼ˵
ֻΪͨô죬һӻûֳˣǿɹģΪǾԻ׻ģǿ϶Ҫһģͳ˿ʼԵЩκ
һЩ²ƷǦʡˮͰͷֽšֻͳͳЩš
ǺյֽǿأǵأֽţΪҲʼˣֽŵԽԽˣԭֽżϸܣټרǾ͸ӱܣ˲Ŷܵˡ
Ҳһֵܣ߼ʵ̫һ㡣üͻȻתת°͵С磬˵ϻȥ߾ʱŰټһǡ
£˵¸ʲô
ֵߵǵ֮ҲǴͷҰǵøһЩѵ
ѽǲѽ
ۿɱ˼ҼˣҪѰҲӦѰ𰡣ûҲ˵ˣǲǵ֮أûȥϻشû䡣
ǿԸṩһЩô
̵ͷһ⵹ǿԵģԭĵ·Ϊɶ޵ô죬Ϊȥ߾ūŪһЩū˵㽫ˮ·޵ͥȥ
ϻЩԨĵĵϵţͳͳ䵽ȥΪ֪Щ˸ŶԴƵĳޣǨԭ̫ʣԭ˻治һܹѹסɴֱӷ䵽øӱ뺷ȥѵǣ߾ٱ뺷Ҳû뺷
÷ʵʵɻ
أһͷ֮
տЦõ֪𣿡
ҡҡͷ
յ֪˵ʲô
ֵС磬ʵūǵС£ҲǳȥģؼǴǺûӣ˵ǴӮˣҲӦãҳ֧ԮǵĵˣûнǴƷǵýѵѵЩҰӣ֪ҴƵֶΡ
һﻹԽԽҪˣ¶˺ü꣬ǰȥˣͻȻûӣʲôūС£ǳūȥġնˡ
ָ̣Ŀ˸ţӣҪӲǵô˵˵ţ¶һ˿ЦҪһĻǲҪ̫
ǲǽƱˣԴ򣬿Դ򡣡
յҴͷʲôʱ£Ҳֵָֻš
ûָֻţֻǳı߶ѣôˮʦ̸
ֵɲôҪǹغҴ⣬͢Ӧ濼⣬ҪǲʲôѣҲְ֧һ취͢Էծ򣬵ʱ֮󣬾ֱáǺǡ˵ϻصùծԵˡ
˵棬Լ̸жˣЦ˫ʶ
ɳһҲӦø˵˵
Ҳȱˣ̫ãϧ֮ǰûиϸ߾һս
Ҫȥޡ˼
ʲôޣ޿ҴƵķⲻʲ£ǲ˻Ҫ˵Сı½㡣ֵ˺һۣںСɵѽ޿ɲܴҪޣ澿ɾǴˣˡ
ųһ亹Ҫ澶ûˣǻŻʲô˼ԶԶԣȲʲ¿ǲ
һأңҿһˣҪȻĻǲǱĶôóǿɾͰŵģ̫ˣͬʱкԺǴǴ˵һ
˵ǣնЩЩ̸̬ϷƵãЦõ취ܱܲū¡
ֵūô
վԶԡ
ʵϻش߾ЧӦڽϸֳˣûڳΪʱ߾վͻȥТȻ̱Σʱ˾ʹūȥϣֽūϵˡϵūȥׯ԰ֲҶʳ˽ŶһЩ߾ūΪǶûлģ鶼鲻Ǳ߷չѸ٣ʵ߾ūҲһЩϵΪūɱͣԭʼۡ
Ƴܱ߾һެ޵ǷǴެĻָǶԾһǳõѡֲմ״ʣҲȽ٣ưնûʲôоֲ˿ںӣ͹ˡ
տĵǴǾ֮
ʲô֮С磬Щ˺ˣǴʿְ֮ͦأһ˵ǵĸ桢̫ǿɶϵĻʵۣǴǾǴսнģսɲ¡С磬˵Ҿͻں˵ҲԸսǳ͢ҪҶѡ
С߻ħҲ˵ղˣкأǵߣԷȥ
ֺٺٵһһǷϯ̸
յ̸á
ֺźϧöѾˣȻĻҿһ÷򡣲֪ÿôÿˮ飬ʮŶ



1905 
⺺ǿɶǷǳĹңƳ˵ǺһĹңҲǸ佫滵ˣγֽԭķͱȽʢ֮һֱܵԣʱʱ̰֮磬ټЩ¹ôֶһȺ׼Ѫգҹ׼;һֳĴͳ˼룬ô͵ס
ǱֳҰްʵúոеȽοģҪܼ򵥣˵ʱ壬˲̰Ǿͻᰲ״ͺѽԭλãϿҲͱ޲һ㣬شﲩöԭ˳˵Щֺǻ֮أȥõطǸҪǲŻ߳ȥȥԶԼԼ
治ںյҪƻ֮УֿɴɲģΪ֪˻ɽǵ𣬻ôһӣǱ޵ӣţһë̸ϣûʲôͼģҪ·ʱҪһۿڣȥǿԵģûбҪرƶһƻǲĺҪ·ߡ
ĴƶԣҪڹ⹦ʵѾĲ࣬͵ֻҪǿ󣬺ܶ¶ˮɣҪȥ˭Ҫ˭ǣǧ֮˻ǣҪδѣƳκһնˣЩҲܴǣôܡ
Խ˵ԽΪҲ϶Ҳʲôú󣬴ͭ󣬴ΪԪҵһ¶úúַǳãԭҪöˣѾ׬ˡҪǴһСܹ̾Ϊṩԭϡг⵱ȻҪ򰡣
տûдǣǲϵǿأǳԹ֮󣬾ͽأӸǣ̸۲˹Ů˵Ŀռ䣬Լȥ˳˶

ƺͦеġ
˶潫һȲݸգȻԱߡ
Լ˭˵ģæúܣ춼˯ãˡ
˶ôʱʱ
յȻΪѽ
˶㶣Ʈһ˿Σһۣʱȥݣ
յǱ߻ûŪôһŪˣҾͻȥӹܵġ
˶ߵ㻹˵Ѳգ۰
գգۣ˻
˶ֻЦĿ
һȰڨڨһЦǼƻȻҲһСƻҲʲô£Ҫһʱ
˶ֱӵҲš
ռɫҲ֪Ƣԣ̾ðɣҾȥ
˶ɲ׼ƭҡ
Ʋᡣ
ý¥̾ʵĿǰޣؼգĻҷߡ
˶ЦҵǾҲͦõģĿǰĵλ£̫֪ôֻߵȥ
ЩݣȴھθĶͷ


ڳ˶һգձصԭ׼ȥΪоһĿǰ״Ǹյʳǣͱȥǵˡ
ǵˣһΣһ¾һǳõϢ
Ϣ»ǰòţûа졣
ǲŻȻΪʲôСһ£ެôˬ˳Сɣƨûзš
ⲻҪҪ»Ѿˡ
òϣƳһֱܼɵ»ޣ»޾һۣܹʢƵʱڣܹƳܱߴĹңʵҲެҹҲһƣǺܲףȻެĵλйϵ»Ҳ˷ǳؼá
ҲˣǳˣŲеʲôź»ջûΪν˵նû»ռˣ»ǺνЩ֪ϱ˶ǣΪƾᣬֻܹҲһʤǱǮ
»޲ţެڲ϶⣬ϳΪҴӦ֮֮ûެ״¹Ȼϳȥ
ھҪΪ֪ԼְڣǾǴ̣һ㲻ʣǼȻʱټѯĽ飬ǵȻд뷨
ԵͷڳԸҲԽŨңΪܱҲʣެˣֿյΪأ
յΪҪʤڴ򡣡
ε˻
յ»ެ࣬ǹĲţ϶ެĶΪȨĽһַģǻȨǵĹǼ»޼̳С
εȻ˵ĻҴƵһѽ˾շҲ˵öԣǰЩֻҪڲжެǱСϣʱҲӦøһЩѵҲܹެް֮á
Ƹެ֪֪ףһսܶ㲻ʵҲһֱڴֻ˫û¶ԷԴһֽ͡
յΪǵĹެһެĹ飬ֻܲ϶ţĻڲֺܶìܣǴƵĻҪǽķڷչ棬ⲻ֮֮ǷԼóģѧϰóģٰ֮
ǵȵެڲȶ֮ǲȥǣǾͿǣʱ̿ɾ͸Ѵ򡣡
յ˾մԲӣȵެڲȶ֮ȷʵһڼǿ˾պǴ»޵ĲţԤʾެǿ϶ûоҴƱ߽ɧţΪҪȶסڲôǿ϶ʱΣ⽫ǴƷչʱڣΪѾû˺֮ǣͿȫչȵ֮ʤڣǵĲԶҪ
ңǳެ¹Ȼ뾳ȫô¹ȻƱؾͻǿǵʱǻʲôפأΪެڱϻ¹ȻŷǳҪǴƵİټϾϵԮѾøǡǱߣǱҲΪެѹţǱ߷űǴƣĪİ
⣬ʱެսǶԷܻǵĳѸȶסȻһ¶⣬ⷴެ»޼ҵںģȥοʣʾѺãǾܹרںģԭⲻҪʤڳ
ԣüͷԵҲǺԥ
աҲһһ䣬ѾΣ벻ɶѾ˵òˣǻʵԼȨ
ȻֻˣѾãƾеʱǻʵ۾ͲôԣΪʲôʵ۲ϣһҶΪҪĻǻʵ۾㲻Ҳô
ðΣγ˾գΪ֮ԣҲ޵ܻûȫެʵެ¹Ȼ뾳ȥǴƿǺ£Ϊ˼¡
𿴴ƶ¹ȻǳѺã֮ĻеģΪ¹Ȼ뵱ҲǷǳǿģþǱƺެм䣬ó׺սԵҪϣʱެʹƶ¹Ȼɾ߲ϵģҲ֮е¡
ϳ֮ެһս֮£һɽݶĿǰȻû㹻ʵȥެҲ޷ެΪɶܿެսϳΪӦüӽʿѵһ֧Ϊպެ׼Ҳýެòٷ
ε֪˾кν飿
ϳΪΪӦַɹнʿȥ¹Ȼ롢١롢裬گެ߾ѵӦص򣬶ЩطҲСģսҲܹʿսоǼǿѧԺĽ衣
εͷѽ䰲սΣʱΪ׼ˡ
պͬʥ


1906 ӵĹϵ
Ȿ
ǵյ
֮⣬ֹ˱³ɥʧ
շǳŵЦûмǴĻҵ˸߾սĳŵһǳɡ
΢΢һЦûмǴˣϷ򷽲Ҳô״Ӧ
ĻλǼпܻģΪڸ߾ϣеĳŵҲԸźգƾѾ벻յĺڣ߾ƾΪҸһսвʿսʱ緹
յ˾հı壬ʱٶ֣ެʰˡ
Ц㿴ϡͷķϣĪҪͷ̫ð
Գ£û֤Ψһܹ֤ľǣս֮ʱ㹻Ǯ㹻ƥ㹻ȥڸԭϾӻ
СӣЦǺָָա
̴þǺڣ㶼֤ҪǻӮ˵ȥ
ǵȥñջ׼ȥǸշֿãһ̫߹ʺȥá
Ǻȥá
ãֻһ棬ǰ滹ѷŲ£ˣŽе¸£һֱһǳŮˡ
΢μա
չһ
ɡ
΢΢ʾ⡣
ЦʺϢǷǳͨ
Цֲʲô֮£ټ˾գӦгĴɡ
յͷѾҸȰ

˾Ҳô˵ġյͷֵû㹻ެбսֻᣬҺϡ˸ģԶǴַյġ
ЦѽһֱϲĽչƿԼÿһؼ㶼𡣡
ЦʺԽԽ˽ˡ
΢΢͸ŵΣֵаգʱһܹެ
ެĵǻõģȻҪȡ
ЦҵļƻУһҪӮģܷӮôǺǡıˣ졣
ҲͲٶʣҽһ£ѾΪεţΪ֮Ƿ֮Դ޷޵ҪΪΣɷͱҪȻҪطͱҪƳ編˼룬Ƿ˼УеҴɷ˼Ǳ۵ģҴɷһֱ̡̡̣зΪɣһΪȻΪӦططӦ̣һΪӦҴɷһ˼롣ο
յΪ֮˷֮Դ⻰ûģɷһҪ£ɷͱܵͷ롯֧Ϊ̣ͣǲϸִеĻʵҲûʲôáҵžͷһҪһϲܽ飬ܽȨǳͷܹأˣüһЩ
Ҳϻʺţ͢ŵΪΣһζӵ˼룬ɷǷ˼룬̡̡̣ҵ˼룬ҲһҺһ˼룬ôĻҲڳ͢Ÿеŷ͢ԳСңҲܰʺ£ġ
ҲôġЦͷֵڳ۵ķǳң·Ҷ˿ġ
ЦǾͽɡ
һĨɫЦŵͷΪȵǰ£Ҳйʶģεǲ״ġηȨѵķǲܵģȨǰûȫһ˵дȨĸоǺҪģ´Ҷˣôٳİ壬ͿԸߴǣʺֻǻʺ󣬾һԱĻǻʵۡ
βŻĵƶȡ
ǴˣЩһͶסֵƳҵ˿վҲ˹ѶȣҪĻʼҾȥִܹ᳹͢š
յһûʼѵӪǱߣȡΪĻʼҾ졣
ֵ̲ǱѾԹܹ˶ãԵù֣̾Ҳ˳ƶ
ЦʺѾ뵽ʵѡ
ЦҲ˵ˣ֮Ҫ໥ƺģǵԼܹάȥѾͳһһֱﶼˣܰġ˵𣿡
պǺЦ֮ǰ˵ⱾΪ׼ģڳнԼ㲻Ҫ̽ҡֻҪֽ֣̾̾û÷ǳҪƹֵܹ̾˽ʲôֲҪؼҪвŸɣҪеУҪˣǡҿɲ㱳ģѡˣԼе
Ƿۣͬһ˳еǺЦ΢һЦºݴʷ˼ֹ
ҵˣü
š
Цŵͷ
õģǹƻġһˬĿʺ㻹Ǻѽҵ˹ȥҾͲܲæ㻹ҪһҰ
Ц˽ҵ㣬Ҳ˽㡣
˼ֹ˼ګõܣ׸˼ګĸǿֵܡ
ĸϣ˼ĵùùãȻ䣬һֱǸĸ׵ģҲĴӪһһøжûУټĿǰ͸Ҫ֧Ψһĺܡ
㣬ǹںļˣҪ˼ֹ⣬ǹ̽׼⣬˼Ŀ϶æܾܾѽ˼ֹɲǺյˣ֮ǰȨʱ򣬾ͽ˼ֹļӷŵȥˡ
ֻ֪̾к֪ô棬ֲϣƹܹ֣̾ҲԼˣҪѰ˽ΪʱԼЩ²ţɲóȥһԼߵˣһúոԸȥ
ﲢûʵ뷨Ϊ֪Ѿǹͬ棬ʲô¾̯˵ô£ҪԼλҪæ
˼ΣͷʱȴӦһ˽һ˼ֹҪ帮ˣԼŰ죬ҾܣҲܲˣ帮ɰĶ֡¶
ЦҲ壬帮ȣͲ˼ګ鷳
û㻹Ƿѩá

˲̡
ͬʱ֮ɫ
찡һ˵޴һ仰ĺԼһͣǷĺܣҪǻʺû£΢ȸˣ

һźݺ³
ôòŷķʽȽϿ죬ǺĻѡùϽˡ
쵰
ֱǰǾκѽܽҲͨͨ졣
úһƽָô棬ƺʲô
ʵ㺫ղӦѡ˼ֹǻѡҵˣǷǳμңȻѾͺմԼԼĹؼԸⶼڶԷйͬ棬ôҪߵʵҪﵽƽ⣬ҪϽ͸ԻɲΪ¡
ҲںյԤ֮У뻢ıƤɲһɵ¡ңҵˣԣҲþǻ£ʱǽעҵչ棬ûȥ׼ȥרֺ˰Ǳ߿йءĻֱ۵ķӦӡ˰棬ӡ˰ڻԣǷǳаʡ˺ܶ£Դӡ˰ֱӹ۲쵽óӶ۵ء
ϣСˣ
ոոר֣Ϳһˡ
š
յô
źǺǵרġ
æʵʲôר
ŵһ÷ŴȯƤ
̵˵£һ㣬㶼͸أǣΪʲô͸ңסӦǱȽϽɡ
㶣⡭⺫СҲϲƤ
յⲻϲϲ⣬Ҳ֮Ķ²Ʒ㲻͸ңʣԽԽ˰
Ҽҹ˵㲻ЩǡǴ޹Ҳûͣ͸أǣֻΪǵʱǴ˴Ƥ˳͸ǵġ˵Ц˵С磬ƽʱֲǮϡ
һΣ룬ѵ֪ôڳȫƾԷҪʲôǮҵļλҪѽ˵һ̵ɣϽŪŮʿҪƯһҪǶһ޶ģԺ˭׼Ͷ֮׬Ǯ֮⣬ôһôû̵
룬㶼׬ǮˣҪʲôôȴǣһȥ˰ƣ֤Ƕһ޶֤õġ
񻰡
յͷ̵ģڿ͸ˡֵֻˣҲΪЩʦŵǴҵǮûΪһ˷ĿʽҾԼƣ˵Ҹ˵רֻ׼֮ǲܹ
žȵС磬㻹ư
պߵΪҷˣʲô¸ɲ
úǺֱЦǣǡ
˵䣬һͻȻ˹¹ٲμ
յͷãصعר㽫ϸ׼á
¹ǹԥƬֵ̣̫ʷں档
յ̫ʷʲô
ǹɻǵãϻǸİʮսô
£Ҽˣѵͻƣ
ǹͷ
һԵŵҷҲȥ
վϲǾһɡ


1907 
˵֮ڴ˴óУ׬˲ٰ
һȥһ˵
ԴɶҲѣ˵Ц׬˲٣ⶼǵڲֵܵˮɴ֮Ĵȥ˿Ļ˿ֱ͵ɽŽ˿֯ɲټǣΪǽʡٹȻԭϵļ۸һЩ֮ǰõ˷ѣѣʵ˲١
ǰ˿ɢУ֮ɢĵòãԼ񲻴ֱ꣬ȥ幺˿ȻԼģ֮Ƿ֯ë˿ޡǶֱӹƷ֮ͿԼеרżáңԭϴպ㵱µг󻯡
֯ҵһгӮңһжΪˮɴĳ֡
յ˵ͷ
ŵ֪˵ĻҲúܺãֻûô࣬˵ˣ˲ϵϣܹǵ²ƷϧǵĻ㣬ǻĻһúá
Ҳԭ򡣡յͷֵǷ֯ҵȫҵԭľǷǳģ֮ųĻԴӦ취ȥHЩطİտɶû·
źǺһЦС磬ҼҹҲڿ⣬HǱߣΪ䣬ºëǳʺȥǱߣӶǶƤ֮Ƥ＼ͻƺܴ󣬿ƤʷΣǮ֮һ
ЦҹԽԽһˡ
ҡҡͷǵǣҼҹĵػǷǳģҪǻˣﻹˣҹӷǵǿһרͼ۵ĲĿľչˣȻ׬ǮƤ棬ܹ׬øࡣ
ô룬۹Զҹӣ
Цҡҡͷֵ֮ǮĲƤ֮ӣΪʲôܹ֮ΣΪ֮ԭõӣԭն֮Ҫǽ˿ͻˣǾԽԽԶˣԽԶͻʧԽɲҪǣ֮ƾ˲ģҲ֮ĻҲҹӾᵽĵ̡
㶣漴ǣС˵ǣĿⰡ
չһЦļ
˵䣬ԺֻԺΧŲˣϻһһЩˡ
ϣ˻ǲٰ
С磬С硣
Ҽˣ׷׹
չֳ֣繰һЦ̫ʷҲڰ
Цŵͷ
ʵʮսŲСͻư
Աһ
ƫĿһֻмһ޴ľ񣬴󵽺նЩƣôȻŪģľ棬һԲ̣Բһָ룬˿̶֮⣬ӱһģһһĨЦѽǲ֪׼׼
һԵļָ̼ѾվһʱǷǳ׼ġ
һһֱУȻúãǲ̫٣ȺҲ٣ҾΪǰкܶģҲһרĽǮǣһֱڸµġ
ֳİѽôŪҪˡ
İæСһģȫ̫ʷСˣ̫ʷۣС
縧ЦҲǽ軨׷𰡣
ղŶλ˱̫ʷĵлҪߣôδ˵
ǺС㰡
ң
տɲǵԼæ£ΪҪܳʱ䡣
ЦŵͷǺСѧѧܸۡڶۣϷʹæҲѽ
Ҫ߾׼еǾͿ϶Ҫ۵֧֣һһ˶һӵ˶ȫ鲻ǲУǾһḶ́һ㣬ѧ֪ʶǱزٵģҪ׼ĻǾû壬Ҫ㹫ʽҪȷ
ǣѧ棬ҪռͳѧֻǰӵʱһЩѧĹʽĹѧ֪ʶǿѧţһֱβоյѧû磬Ͳôеӱ
İǸṩۣȥʵ֡
ǽյۡʽʵ
һֿҲΪĽմĹʽʵһηǳĽϣҲǺģΪЩӣϣõһУȻⲻļƻУҪûʵ֣Ҳûа취ǲһЩоϲӵӣǾǾϲǾ
û뵽ô죬ǷǳüɫïɣɣѧļֵڣҪҪ죬Ǿͱҵѧû۵֧֣ĸ㾭飬ʹɹҲö๦򡣡
˶ˣ˼ôǫ飬ôߵһ仰ͽй͹鵽ѧͷϣô
Ϊʵʵˣһ㶼ûдһЦС֮ʮս༼ǻںСۣûкСۣǾʮս
ճİҵǻۺ;飬Ե֣ģ棬һȫġ
İԣϲ
Ȼᣡ
ָվɥС磬㲻
յôأ
ָһֱСзĹУǸǮְһЩС費ֹ㲻
İڨڨǣִҲҲæ
տָ󼱵úˣЦðɣðɣȻѾǱѾйһô˳ҾͲˣһǻǰģʵɹҾڳڸǽһϣרտʱ
İϻ̳Ͽֵ⡪СǺεºܡ
ָϽ䣬յ츣հ
һˣȻ֪ûбõ
ͻȻҪʮսҪǮġ˵ţ֣С
ռæ˹ȥ
ָҲȥİסˣû뵽רܿɲ֪
罫Ǵģĺ棬ŴֻȫǳתСһ
վȵۣԭôӰ
ͷⶫڳֵҪǷǳߵģоǣ㿴мͭƬ
ʲôͭƬǷǷչͭƬǱѽ
ͷͭƬģÿ춼תһΰ֣ⵯƬšʵֵļ֮ǰѾлֻǷһЩǺѣͭƬҪܸܹ߳ĳҿİǰڳ͢ΪЩ󽫾ǴףܹĳͭƬһ㹤ǺģҪģܻҪͻƣǺܷǮģҲŽİרʽ˲ܹʮսơ
˼õͷ׼ĻӦò⡣


1908 ʱ
ֹȥһʱʮսǷǳ׼ȷǾ̾Щ̵ľ̾ɾ̺޾档
ҵʱǱԽԽҪСũöʱĸǱȽϵģճϢһʱ̣ȥ嵽һ̣ΪûбҪҵͱ׼ȷʱ䣬ΪùճϢĻ°ϰ°ֲͬ
ӱʵΪ󣬾ղ֣մҲᳯⷽȥ취νʱ׼ȷֻҪһ棬棬ܹʽ
ɼֻҪ뵽רʽ⡣
Ϊʲô˵רʽ𣬾ӻûҵٱСһ㣬ܹŵ棬Ʒֵ
Ҳĵͷ硢İԼһλרֵĹԱڣ̸רһ¡
С磬ʮսȻСģû̫ʷСǲóרɹӦС˸̫ʷͬӵСİǳֱӵ˵
ڰֵϷϷ㣬ҲֻǳȤΪҲϷ򡣡
İУСܰ
һԣͻȻЦ
Цʲô
յ̫ʷҵиЧӦԼ˵ɣ̽绹СֻҪ˵ʲôƷǳԷ¥ǰһȤͬĵʮսǳİ֣֮ǳǶ֣֮Ǻܴܹ̫ʷ֮ǻܶ˵ӣҶʮսΣҲͶʣ֮Ǻôࡣ
ԭˣ
翴İ
İŵúˣæС˾Ǵ⣬ǴⰡ
Цûд⣬νؼҾ˫ӮѽͬӵУǶ˶ãİȻóһ棬ܹõ̫࣬ʷϣʮսܹøãǾͲҪƴˡ
绹ԵЩԥϾǶˣôΥԼĴͳֵۡ
ֵҪר߷֣̫ʷİߣ̫ʷǮȥ£˵ԺзⶼԣҲ̫ʷ𡣡
һЦŵͷǲ
İҲϲѣԭΪԼռɣˣϾĵλ̫ԶȻҪ٣͸١
ֵ⣬ҪƷҾҲҪһ£ʮսЩֿڣøһ򵥡˳һģʲôӡ
רֵĹԱͻȻ̫ʷŻƹӣҪͽƹӡ
ƹУպǹԱһֲۣУͽ̫ʷӺˡ
ڰֵϷ򿴾ͽлֱİӰɡҲܹȥ졣
ֻĻǰҲãӦõģûб£ô̫ʷİǹİĻվͻãİУҲС
Цŵͷ̫ʷ꣬УͽİӰɡ
İˣ⡭ôУССˡ
СˣպǺǵò˶ãͻΪһĸ̣ϰ߿ɵøĸˡ

רһ죬רֵûһЩʱ۲졣
ҲԼĿģûǣûйȥϣֻ
˰ʱ֣뺫һͬרֻ֣ǣС磬ƺڸͶԽԽ󣬵ⷽ漼Ȼкܶ಻֮ЩóԺѾּ߲٣ϷΪܹһܹ͢ٶದһЩԺĻ
յͷһ취ġ
Цŵͷ
֮󣬺ձؼȥˣǰҲǸոջԪĵ
ԪܡԪȱ˸첲ˣҷôæµд
ǰȥһԪĵϸ֫ȴǱԹš
Ԫĵһۣ˵ʲôǿɶûţæŴó׵ô
պʱæʲô
ȥ˵ɣ
ڣԪĵȲϣҼһֱڹ¡
յͷˣ֮ǰҲᵽ¡
Ԫĵ֪Ժһֱоּ
յҲ֪
ԪĵиȥԺΪܹסô
סҲôˡû
ԪĵһЦΪ»治˶֪صȥ̽һΪǿԺģ֪ұڹһܣԪҿԱ֤й¶ȥģԸҷұļ
٣⻹ˣղ¡
ԪĵֵԺоϾÿ͢ֿǷǳǮģͬʱڻԣǷǳҪģԪȫּܹԺǣҶǷǳġ
Цһ£ҾʹӦ㡣
Ԫĵ˺ðΣЦڸ̸¡
ʼԹı˽ҵپΪ
㡭Ԫĵ㲻ӦˣԪԼҲܹ
ǺðɣյͷʵʲôʱпУȥׯ԰ǱססҾ⼸æˡ
Ԫĵתƻ⣬޵Ǻ뽫ʹһ٣Ҳ֪˵Ը񣬱ҧ촽ҡҪҪˣĻӦ
յҸƭ𣿡
㻹ƭأ
ҷģؾƭ㡣
ԪĵûİһۣʵǶϷޣڲףϲøף޵Ҳûа취˭̯ôһλأǳѵõǽεĺ촽ϡ
һºյ֪ͻȻתͷһӾסǱ˫ͬʱ˫ֽǵúһſϰݡ
Ԫĵںջϼѵó֮ɫ˰ɡ
δȻ⣬ʱ̫һ㣬ȫļֵ
㡭
˵ꡣյ鲻⣬һŵԵģû⣬ҴӦˡ
Ԫĵ¹س͢ܣʹӦ᲻˵
Цģǰ̫ʷպҲڸ˵Ҫʽһ׼̸£û뵽Լˣ
㡭쵰
Ԫĵͨ죬ȭ
ץסٿȻȥ⶯ֲǿǡ
⻹治ɺϣΪʱгϡ⼸ߵĹϵ໥ٽģǹͬģһüͿ϶Ҫġ
Ϊʱĳ֣Ʊػг󻯣гôӣӣʱֻӴͶʣȡǿ϶иͶͶӣֽһгٽһʹҲһߣôȻͻ֣ҪֻʱֱӴڼͶʡ
ˮɴĳֺгúܶڶ׷зôұͶ졢ɿļͳΪΪĵĲҵǰЩڳ͢¢ϵҵ䲻Ҫ̫࣬һӾͿˣ˶Դ˸Ȥڲͬˡ
ʵҲǵƿ
ƿ̫һ㣬նЩʼδƻٵõȵ˺һȶŻٷһ㡣
ҲļƻֻҪʳͷ֯⣬󣬲ҡ
ںæó׵ʱ򣬳ӡҲûţһֱæ޶ɷһ£һ޷Ҫϳ͢ΪεţΪһܿնĶڱֽ⻹ǲеģʵʵߣȥš
ڴ󳼿ڰ䲼֮ǰȵýɷ޶ƣ޶ɷ֮ǰҪȷһɷ˼룬ΪԷΪ
۵ǷǳңɲҪ֮öۡ
ҪҲܰƽΪԼڲҲ۲ݣҲˣȥΣҹܲˣɣֻһʱô£㲻ܽʱ
κ̬ȣٿᣬ¡
һϵмҵۣ˼ͷ˼Ǹһȷ˲ȡҵ˼룬Ҳɷ˼룬ԵΪ̷ΪɷΪȻ̷Ϊⶫ˵ģɷǷǳбҪġ
ȻǰỹҪάȨƳɷǷǳ־Ǳ뱣֤ȨϵģʵҲûȥۡ
һȷ֮󣬾Ϳʼ᳹һ˼룬ȥ޶ɷ
һ㣬Ƴĵȼƶȣͷſ࣬Ϊȼ̫ɭϣɣҲΥΪεţؼҲҪı䣬λɷȴѹ˼ңǾͿ϶ìܣҲſһЩ
׼Ȩͱ١ƶȣǺģǰƳɷȷ涨ģΪ񻧼дҲǹ޸֮ƶֻԼԼȻɷЧӦǳ͢Ĺ涨ģڳ͢ƶȸĨȥ˴󲿷֣Լڹ
ԼУū澵ɱū澣ǲ⣬ʧ֣ٺص̷ʧɱū澣ǲҪΣýɾ޶𣬱֤ܹū澡ɱҪɸߵķ𣬶һ֮֡
Ȼûг׷ϳƶȣǺκ¶һģū澷ǸƶȣҲûһλΪӵū澣Ǹ
Ȼӵбū澣ûлľͲܣհ취ʱ򣬾Ѿʲô˿ȡū澶ûлûʸ
ⲻǺձȽаֻҲûа취Ȿһʱڣһλһλͳν׼˺̫ˣȫûū澣˼ҲӦܹþ֧֣ū澣治Ӯˣū澣Ǿܽ˷ƣϻشݣóֱͣ͢ū澷ơ
ΣǷϳưɷǰΪ˷չũɣ͢Ĺ涨ưֵأߣǺҵչ֮Ҳû˹ܣɷ˺һͱͬ裬ǳ׿ţưյܼ򵥣Ȧ˶֮µũҵģʽˣǵͲũߣҪߵĻҾˣӡ˰͢ͳҵġ
ҷϳݵҲ̷ϳһϳΪʼҾûеλҲûбҪʱֻһЩҵпţһˣĻӵӡ˰㹻Ӷһάΰ׬ǮġɷҲĹ涨رʱڣǻرյġ
ΪΣðɷչ
󣬻һ־Ե޸ģʽϳ涨һ˷ǣˡū澣֤֤ǶУǾ͵СҲ˵ֻǳöµģǾͲۼˡ
ʵмδϴ⣬һֱڳۣΪ͹ԱҲɱˣԴ˷ǳҪ֪Ҫòûģֻǳܿܣɱһ˾ͺˣҼ˾ͱ
Щ˷ԣùԱ޼ɵĹͷԵĺ
Ƿǳİʽϳ֮ΪҲ֪ǰ漸δϴ˺ܲõӡΪϴЩ̫ˣʱԪϽ׼󳼼ɱˣݣȨ֣͵ðЩ󳼣ȫ˵Ҳ̫ᳫģĿľ̫Ƶ
⣬ۣʲôɨأЩǰ۸ɵãȫɹٸɡ
ͨˣҲȫִУҲƹ㣬ΪȫչһܶطûнУû񰲾֣û᳹ҲĹ涨ʲôݣʲôʱִⷨ
ⷨ䲼֮ǻȸԾΪÿһǷǳȡڰյƣһǼ϶ᷴԣǵҲԣΪũƶѾ治ȥǲȡũģʽ
ʿЩԸ⣬Ҳûа취˴
䲼䲼Ƕִ֮УĻҲǴһµĶʮ壬ʽȫ濪š


1909 Ĳ
ǵȥصʱûһķΧҶŬ£Ǿϻһָţһջ񣬽Ƿ֮ꡣ
óϣϣնߡ
Ҷ׼һ꣬õֵģǶǻңҪȥҲûá
ֽһ̶ֱӸıѹ
ıһ·
Ҳĩڽ뺫ԤƵĶԪʱΪ󳤰²Ʒǿɲûʵһҵģ⼸ǿ϶紫ͳóԵģǴӪǸ棬طʳҲ볤г
ʳһʳó㣬Ҳ࣬Ҳֺ֣ܶտѡʳˣǴл٣ƽգ׷һڱòóԵΣ˿϶Ҫ׷ʵס
ڴҶڳﱸڵʱ򣬺ȴڸһǳԸɵ¡
ܿԸ˰ɡ
˶潫ǰ쵽ǰ
һۣ˵Ǵˣ᲻ң
ᡣ
Ǵˡ
ǾˣҺܾûù
𣡡
ռԸĽһڳ˶˳ס裬̾ʹ£Īڵ㵽ģȴò㵽ˡ
˶һЦһۣ֣֮ĸ飬ҲΪϦԣң꣬δܹң
˵棬Ŀ˸һĨ֮ɫ
ղ¶֮ɫ㶼ô˵ˣҲǿ˿ڰ
˶ҡͷнգ漣Ϊ߱ɴߵʡ
ʼҲһֱô˵Ǻܶ˶ţ˽ҵģ㰡˵ţὫ˹Ȼס
˶ԽںյļϣһѵвҲðһ˿ȴѧźյˣҺôҲǵʵ۵ˣŪҸһƸС
ùһЦͻȻһתٺٵŮʱ£źԡ°ɡ
˵ţһֱֻ·롣
˶ʶץסߺ죬ŭ˭ָ
˸еУҲҵģҪ˫ȷ㻹ô·
˶£漴׹ʱŭǺûиᣬֱ𣬴ȥ
ֻ˵մʶһ˶ھ֮ˣǳ˶ȴԵþȣǶ˶ˡ
˶滹ǵڶ뿪˳뺫˽ŶһŮͷĿһͬݣӹܺݵ˽Ŷӡ
ջȥ֮󣬳ﱸŹ꣬ʵҪ׼ĺܼ򵥣ӦǿҪһ˶ȥԪұ꣬׵ѩһ˹ȥ
һ
סǴһƲ˵ڳǰһҪ˵һЩĻ
һ߰ź򡢺·һ߶
ͷģ˵ģүүǣ˵үү彡ùǾ˵ùԽԽƯԽԽˡ
һԵѩЦ˭ģ

ָһԵĺա
·ǳģҪġ
һ˵ǲ̵֪⻰ûϻغѧʦ˵ƯʱЦúÿģ֮Ժһֱܺáٺ٣
ӵļһû˭ʦ˵ˣʦǰҪʦص
ҲǺźյôô򡣡
ûʦ˵ί
ʱһͻȻҴҵĳ˽øùã²ˡ
Ԫޡ
ָԪޣ޸磬ǴһҪ˵Ļôô˵أ
ԪСָܵܵ𣬵ˡ
պԪĵһۣüͷһܹԪôǾĳˡ
աԪĵеʱ涼Ѿˣ𣬳ҲˣҴ·Ǹɫأȫϲá
ˣɡ
Ԫĵ¾̲ס˵󲮣ԪǱǳʲôأ
·ϣԪƺҲ̫ǵϳˡ
Ԫ̾˿ȥϰ꣬Ǵӹȥһһһ˸ˣԪܲǷŹΪԪܾʹȥ𣬽ܶ飬ʧأԪԼҲǸˣʴϣܹȥ֧Ԯ
ôԪĵüĵ飬һһѣԪҲ̫嶯ˡ
Ԫװڰֵĵɲô˵еһΣеڶΣû񰲾֣ʲôÿԼԪôûдʹˡ
ԪĵĲֻȥģɲȥ̵ġ
Ԫ׵㲻Ҫǣǿؿɲġ
סԪĵ֣ʾȲҪżֳԪ󲮣Źһʲô
ԪҡҡͷҲԪǵţǷŹӦþǵıϣǱǵö࣬ͳһľӡԪԼҲгϣںҲһռֻû뵽Է٣ҶȽ͡
ϣռǷɱȷɱҪ󣬲ҾڱϣӦþӡᡣյԪܵ˼ǣԷܻᷴǣ
ԪͷԪܵſǵľƵȷǷǳȱĲ֣ȱǱͲ࣬ڵ½Źʱֶ˴֮ǰҲ˵£Ǳ̨壩һû뵽ôһ¡
˵ţһŵݸգԪܵţԼɡ
ոϽӹ
ԪĵǵرҲǵģȻϾԪǳɡ
Ԫ׵ﾭӪ˺ܾãǷ֮ʱô֮ǰŬǰ׷ˡ
ԪĵǣһʱȥôԪܣ
Ԫ׿˿ա
ڿţûע⡣
Ԫĵ̵Ĳǲ÷ȥ͢ôܣ֪͢£߳͢͢Ҳܻġ
ǲҪˣ
һֻһ˯ԪգͻȻŹǷɣҴһЩ˹ȥɡ
Ԫĵ磬ȥĻҲû
ԪյСãǿӵģӣľҲܹӮ
ԪԪգİգ
ȥ֪֮жİաԪͦͷ˵
ԪƬָ̣ԪǶ˶ЩҲ׷׵ͷ
Ƕ֪Ԫо²ܵġ
Ԫ˼Ƭ̣ͷðɣԣ˵ĻԼŰ죬Ԫ޾Ԫеıȥ
ԪԼΪȣ˵ֻΣΪǺܹٵģϾ㣬ԪӲΣգͲҪȥˣԪĵȻЩģҲܲԪȥѵԪյԪֵܵǮֻҪԸģ͵ȥ
ԪһֵǾɣһҿĹꡣ˿̫ˣҵûȥ˯һ˵ţվһֳԪܵԪܣǽ
ԪܿЦõ壬㲻ỹȥɣԪǱ߿ɲġ
ԪյСӳԵҲãΪռһСµһˣŴţ˷ԪҵԴ
Ҫ˵˷ԪԴ˭ܱȵԪգ˼һ𣬶ûһ˻Ķ࣬Ƕ԰֪˶Ǯ
Ȼᣡ
ͻȻź
̿ա
ճԪյҶû˵ʲô


1910 ΣҲת
Ԫ죬ȵĿźգ㶵Ƭ̣ŵ㡭СӸô˵
ܹװƣҲװôǸЦշŰ۵ѵһ˵أ
㡭УҲȥȥ⵨ôԪһĵ
ûհ˫һ̯뵱ӵǹƥǰʷǺ³ĴӪһٸͻʣΪұĹô
ԪЦզǵ£ʧ˴꣬ˣгϢ
ûгϢ֤⵨㲻ô
ˣ
Ԫ̧֣֮νʵգʲô
ЦҪֻԪȥĻҲסһĶֵأΪԪ˼·ǶԵģһŵĻᣬΪǶԷģʦֻԪܵſԷӦһͳһȨһңЩǴһû㹻ֵ£û·Źģȷһᡣ
ԪεҪװƻװӮգ˵һ㶼ûдȥҲֻסҪһңǵ½ս϶ҪıǹЩ߱ģҲһ⡣
ȻԪȴã⻰һЩ˼ڴ֪ʲô취Ź
յҪһȨƾԪһֻ֮ǲɵҪŹһҪó֧֡͢
ǰԪǴЩɢɢģ֯ǵȻû⣬һ֧ӣԪǷԵñȽˡ
һҪҵ֧֡
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кܶ⣬ѽ
ҲΪʲôԪûиǰһѯʺյĽ顣
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ԪΪѵҪ͢Ӧǣ̸װ
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ԪüҲ˵Ҳûʮİգ
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ԪܹˣȻٺòˡʱ͢£
Ҳõȵ֮һᾡ㶨ֵȻȥ֧ԮԪǣҪȱסЩ죬Ļ֧ԮҲһŵ㡣
ԪԪա
Ԫպߵ˵컹Ҫȥ
ЦҲԻȥԪ˲żüã˭ܹչȥ
ԪֳôɣɶȴһЩȥ֧ԮԪǡ

磬ȥ¶СĽɲҪǰǰԺˣ˿ɶһЩëѪҰˡ
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ԪյͷСӣ˭óֹ
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ԪһЦҲãҲãֵսɻûʧܹġ
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ԪչԸܹʹʹĴһƽѧϻԪұ߯Ҳһ㣬涼¶
ƽЦŵͷ


1911 һ
Ѿأ˵ߵ𣿡
һȵĿԪޡ
ҲǸող֪ģĸʱ֣ѾˡԪε
ƵҾ治֪ΪʲôҪ͵͵ߡ
ԪڨڨԸ˵߾ߣ˵𡣡
˵߾ߣΪаҿһ
ԪͷҲΪܾаɡ

ԪƢˣҲˣһģԪոᡣ


Զݵģںܿ͹ȥˣİֱæµЩϢ˶ԵǸɾʮ㣬ҶڽڴΪѾڴһѾʵУҲң߾ߣҪȥٸʲôͨ뺡
ҽ̸ܳ͢ŵΪΡ
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ҲԪĵźǰȥѧԺΪ£ʴûһȥѩȻḁ̊́ȥˡ
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ԪĵЦ
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յĵѧϰһؾصˡ
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ͷԵúҪؾأǲܵģСɾûйع
ԪĵʱεҪ
չһЦˣǻȥһȥϽǱ߿
Ԫĵǵһۣŵȥɡ

ϽѧԺҲǽձѧɶüҳţǵĸĸɵùǸŵܵһǶѾϰˣǣ֣ŸҥСſĵЦݡ
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Ц˵
յ˵ЩֻΪ˲ʺţǰ۵ʱڣõɣϾʺԼҵչ˼룬վһôǵȻʹ͢Ӧ


1912 ĵ
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ƵȻһһ䣬ΪλҪ͢æ
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ʺպǺһЦҲ⣬ֵֻ͢ϳʵֻǸԪļʿȨļУɳ͢ȫල⣬֧͢ԮһЩԪҡԪȡʤ֮ЩϽҴƵİͼʧˣ͢Ҳûʧʲôǵڳ͢ԣֻǾţһë
ҴưͼҲЧܿأֺǱߵĹ͢Ǳ޳Ī
ЦǰǹˣԣԭˡԪΪʲôҪõЩط޷Ǿϣֲʳ޻ȻЩƷҪ͵ԭûԭгǱʳ岻Ԫ¿ɲڷԡ߲óףô͢ЧƣΪԪұԭһ㣬֮ǰѾ˵ƶʱƱػµìܣӦδѣìתƵ⣬ɳ֯͢Щ˳ǴССĵũתΪȥĻܹڣڱɵìܡǣЩǺ󻰡
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Цʺˡ
ʵҺܺ棬ʲôʹƶôһƻҪ˵ȨͲƸʵ֮ǰѾӵУ㲻ôͬҲԵõŶ˵ΪңΪҲš
չһЦɫҲ˵Ϊ˵ʵǲԸȥҡ
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ֵһǾ仰һҲΪ˻ʺΪҪܹ꣬οʺ󡣡
ЦҲǾ仰˵ΪңΪҲš

ȻûϵԪܻŹսû뵽ܶ飬ⲢûƫļƻܹƶļƻΪһͼƻôƵ۹ţǷǳбҪģΪſΪƻԭϡԼггǷǳҪһ㣬ΪгĴСֱӾõķչģΨӵȫгʱܹڷɡ
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磬ѵû˵ôȥԪҸķŹͻܶ飬ɼЩҲôռġ
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ѽҪռЩȵЩϵҰӣҪģȥŪ

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ټϲ˴Ӹ߾׬һʣͷ׬ǮǴҽᰡ
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纫ԤƵһʼգ͢δôע£ȻԱѾ˵

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ЦϸϵݣͿԷһЩԭʵӡ˰֮ǰⳤʮػ˰©˰ǱԲãǶûʲôأû˰ΨػڸԸūԴ⽻˰ÿǸı磬Ļֻҡ
ҷ׷濴˿һΣƿԣΪǶֻ֪֪ôء
Цƾ˰֤ǵı䷨Ƿǳȷģһж١
˵һתǵʱΣȣʱ䷨ģ˵Ľ㵽ѾڷһЩṹԵı仯̽׼Խ׳͢ЧĹô϶ܶ⣬˳͢Ӧδѡ
ȥʱ򣬳ɺ͵ѾʼԳ̵޶һЩĿǰΪֹЩ¶ǻڸ𣬶ȷʵ㣬ӡ˰ĳ֣˰ձøӸӣҲñȽƵҽ鳯͢һ֣̾רŹ̽׼񣬴Ӷֵѹ
ҽһ㶣纫ԣһжǹ黧ܣȨѽôڻȨ
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ڶ㹻Ĵ飬ҲҪǹݸļġ
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⼸ˣǴʷģͬʱǶͨҪأͨҪصĻҵ϶иĻӴ̽׼
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ֵһ㣬ڰ䲼ӡ˰ͬʱ齫˰յһռӡ˰Ѿˣô͢ҲӦгŵһ˰ռҲܹķڷӵӡ˰߹᳹
Ȼ͢ѾռôҲӦóһӦ¹רռ̿顢ѵɲһС̣Ҳչ˵㵽
񲿻ĹڹܣȻҪڹܣ֮ǰҪǹܿƾٺ̫ѧᳫĻͬģҺ֮ǰΪ˳ܹ͢õת໥ƺ⣬ȨĹȻȻԸⷽ治纫գΪлŸƷ£ҵΪЧΪɲΪԼ
Ƕ֧ռǻĳ͢ԸóôǮռһɵ˰գɾɣǮǲ١
ĹͷӦ˰
յڽƷ棬ҸѧԺԺ巽ԼһЩŷḻʦֹǶȡƽڽ̿鷽棬ҲȡͳһĽ̿飬ΪҲ֪ѧԺĽ̿봫ͳѧԺźܴĲͬҶܳɹͲǿȲͳһĽ̿飬Ҳʹ˲Ŷʲô̿鶼þ͢飬һЩкڹҷչ˼룬͢ԲɣҲֳʺΪεš
´һֵ巽ν־ֳ
յͷֻѧԺŷḻľ飬͢Ա˾߱־飬ҽѧԺİȥΡҲֵܹ͢ĳŵʦΪڣĵʦʦѷ󡣡
¬ʦ̵޳Ľ飬巽ҷǳ˽⣬๫Ȩ󡢵¡Ʒнϼѣʵѡ
һһֱ巽ھΣǳ巽Ϊˡ
ĹҲ֪£巽һССļʷڴϵʱȨѬ帮ƾֱͷǳѵãȻ巽ǵѧԺԺ巽ɲˡ
Ҳʾ޳ɣǶھƣҾͻһЩ̫־еһЩϸһ
ʼûǺվﵽҪһС
˼ֹȻö˵ʵҲ֮Ŀɲ巽һˣףô˵ѧԺҲģôʱڽֵӰǾǷǳġ
ҲȨĵһ¹½ԼɶǺհ滮ģû뵽ôʵ֡
ʵһֱպΪɵģ¶ҪԼԽɲҵģǶԺգСǳ˲¹ͷ
ǹһ㻹յռƻҪʱĴ˶ڻʺûкøУǻʺǡ
֮󣬴ԭΪ鵽˽ͻȻ֪ŹԪҵ£


1913 ǿ
Ԫң
ǻѾʱô
ҽһ㶣ΪʺֳϣҲĵ־硣
ۺգüͷ漴ȴƳĬҲ˵˵ԪںһЩϣأֲʳȥʱ򣬷ŹǸһԪЩϵĻʱԪȥֻعŹܡ
յͷž˰ɡ
´Ƶǲ֪Ϊ£
Ծǰʾգ²̸
տЦ飬Ԫҵ˿ҲҴƵǴѵʲôô
´̵ϷˣϷֻΪﶼǻ֮أҴƵĹϽ֮ڣǼȻҪȥǾ͵Լеֲǳ͢ȥģ͢ûΪ˸𡣡
ҡͷɲô˵ɣѵ뿪ԭǾͲҴô
ĹüʵѵΪ͢ӦȥΪԪֻһ
յͷôΪġ
ôܣҲ˵͢Ǳʲô˽⣬˽⣬Ϊһ׻͢ʦڣȥһңôҲ˵ͨĹһĲ˼顣
ʽܵԭ͢ȥһ£ǵطԭ̫ԭ촬Ҳ޳ôвٰɥ͢ǵԴΪذ
Ϊ͢Ҳ֪ܵȻǵطȫ͢Ӧ֪°գǾҪ
ʵǵйŴ˼룬˼룬û±𵽴ߣȫ̫ΣգȥΪԭشﲩʲôУȱʲô˾ö֮ҶûгŵıҪڻ֮زģǵ֣ôͶȥǱߣȥЩطˡ
Ҷһ·ԡ
ú޻̸֮
ֻԪҸ˵ֲǳ͢ȥģﱾֲܳ͢ɷƣҲûн˰գ͢ûΪԪ
յͷλ䶼֮ûһ͢ԸͿԽЩطΪҴưͼ
ĹûǵϿ֮ض̸ϣҪкã
յ߾ǱԭвҲǻΪ֮ôǸ߾ȴΪҴƴٲƸ
ԡ
´Ϊǳ߾Ϊɶԭ֮أǵ߾ԭңռǵĵطټǰ߾ޣȻǲǴ߾ɲΪǶǮƵģ˵Ǹǿʲô𡣡
յ֮䣬ѵûзǿΪô
ĹҲǿԪҹϵɲ򵥣ҾñΪã㶯ùҵȥΪ㡭λ˵ҳͷ˵ǲӦҲӦģ˲ܳ͢ô㣬㶼Ӧùܲǣ
Ҳ׷׵ͷԪҳ£㻹ô
ǿ϶ᡣ
ΪǺհŵģĿҪöǻ͢ŵҰģ£㺫ղ˵˭ܹף֪ʵҲı䲻ʲôΪҶԭģĵطûбҪȥ
һƱĺգȻ˵ƿԣôܣСĿڲţںҲһһģƿֻΪһ㣬ͷļƻУɲģģԣҪǡ
λһԣ
һֱĬͻȻ˵
ҲĿ
̸µʱ㲻޻̸ֿ֮ڣ㵵̫ˡ
ĿһɨնΪ͢˷һҪΪԪֻһ
Ĺüʺ˻
źѾ˵ˣΪԪҵҲҴ񡣡
ĹҲ˵ƾһ㣬ó͢ʦڣⴿ޻̸֮
޻̸֮
һҴôͳ޻̸֮Ҵµһ۹ЩҰͷҰҪȥֻ»ܱ߷Ц˴ξôˣҴưﶼȥܱ߷ҲὫҴưշϣҪ˸ܱ߷˭ҴưգǱؽٱ
Ĺ൱ʺһǳҲ˵ʤܣʹʤҲˣΪֻһˣҲֻһҴƺвСʹϳɰǧ½°սѵԪҵֵǮô
ҴƾӲΪ˱ưյô
´ʺ䲻޵ǳ͢ǵԴΪأެİտԶһö࣬˵͢ҲӦóެ
ǿƵ˭˵Źެأެÿһ˶ǣһҪ㡣
ҽһ㶣λʺǳ˻ҩأôôᡣ
æԲʺ󣬴ǷǶԴûеǶԷ˭δôóȻδ̫嶯ԷˣҲ֮٣˵ǹҴƽ˵ѱŹҲҴΪУҪ͢ȥŹѯһ£µȶ֣ǵǸ÷ŹΪҴƷΣ
ĹŶ£˳Ǳ߽棬ʵ̫СˣҪΪ
ҲΪ̫˷Ѿˣˣֱɱ֡Ҵܱ߳ެ֮⣬ķѳǱԶǧ֮⣬Ϊţδһ·ֵó͢ȥԴ
ĹҴƽѾ˸񣬶ܲҪЩкã
յǵϿɲʳ޻˵ûá
¬ʦüãȷһ߲˵ʺ˼Ҫ
ҡͷҷҪҪֻǾһսܹһãܹҴƹķͬʱܹԼΪȡء
¬ʦԵõ߶ʧ߹ôֻķ뿪ǣֻ˳һʱԶõ˵
΢΢ԶǵһѵǰʷǺ³͸ҴƵôǴġ
ʺùµϷ֪⣬ҪķѶôԹٻӹľδôϳǼӦ
Ĺվ̫ȡֱ֣ǻʺǵ˲ɡ
¬ʦҲֱҡͷǲӦġ
´׷ױ̬Ӧ
һҲɲӦ֪£ɱ
Ϥ㣡
Ĺϳȸˡ
԰գ뿪ˡ
Ҳ׷ָˡ
һҡͷ̾
ܿ죬þֻʣºո
￴ۺգԸҽǶˡ
Цֲ帮ڣһأͼһӡ
ͦζָɣɣ
ΪʲôҪգǵһô
£æʺᣬҾָɣŮ˶ƽϣܹġ
⻹ţ
ͻȻĿԲźա
æֵҲˡ
˵ˡ


1914 ֻӲ
ǲûʺ˷̬Щô
ӸϵһƵҪ˵ΪԪ˵һܹ⣬ǻʺΪ㼤һôǿƣʵЩ졣
΢΢ЦλʺͲһλؼĸˡ
Ӻ˻
㲻ΪʺԸܵʱԼɣ
¬ʦüѵʺϣʱԼ
ҿûܡ¶ǵģǾ˵ʱԼЧģΨвҵìܣʤܶҡʱԼ
¬ʦԵôܣܻ͢Ϊ£ɱֺһ
ҲҡͷҲΪǲܵģ䶼ᷴԵģɲһ
ȴΪһõһ㣬ЩҪ󳼶ǿ϶ԵģҶӦǾû۵ˣΣҲΪؼһ㣬ػվıߡ
ǹؼڡЦǿɲҪǣʼǺģҺϣܹ͢
¬ʦüΣǺգҲĽ
кǺǵ¬֣ʶôãѵ˽ôóóģóģĸ飬ûеġ
ͷմܶ漣ĺܶߣ֮ǰͬǲܵģʵˣҾüȻ£һİատǻʺεģ»ʺǶҪ˽⺫գҲΪˣʺŻѡô
ӵôӦҲʺĿģǻʺʱԼԣҲδǼ£ȨȡᣬҲźջѡվڻʺǱߡ
ҲǺշһֱĬԭ򡣡ڷţվѾ뵽һ㣬ҲȨϵͿΪķһЩ
ֻõģݸҿģһֻ֧ʺġа
¬ʦͻȻǵְɲƻʺĻǴڳҲû壬䴧Ħǵ˼ͻ˼һ£¾ô죿
ЦΪ±ɡ
¬ʦԵ˻
еԪҶˣһһСǶԣ㲻ʲôղΪԪɼֻһ䣬ǸԪһռ˵°Ԫֻعô棬Ϳ϶һ㡣
Σ֣еȷԪҵĻŹˣȻǷŹĲԣǳստǼģвܾͻȫû͢ӦԴΪأݣΪҪĳ˽ʿ
ЦҲû˵һҪ֧֣ǶԺҲϤ᲻ǿǽȥôһҵһ˵ǣĽ飬ĶڴƣڰնĻǻһζķԣⲻҲôǾǡ
һ̾һᱻպƣҵĹ۲ð
е˵òǱպƣõĿɶǺôǻȻˣֶΪˡ

Ԫң
ȻϷϣдǿ϶Ӧġ
Ԫһ̾
ЦǴ󲮿϶ûϵһ֧ǵġ
ˣ
ʺ󣡡
ʺ󣿡
Ԫɫһ
һԵԪĵȵôܣʺ㲻ǡ
˵ֹ
ЦѽôףϣûоԵĵˣҲûоԵѡ
ԪĵףǡǡҲĵطʺìأΪҪ㣬ͼʲô
յͼʲôҪһô˵һĵģ뽫⻰Ȩȥ
Ԫĵüһ壬Ȼ˵ĻǻǲҪ͢ǿøǮ޽ǱֻҪס
ԪԪһۣ¶֮ɫɻʺǷԵģĻҲôա
ЩԣղҪģԭôô࣬Ǻվһʧȥգ·Ƕ֪ôߣңҲⰡ
ЦǺǵˣֻҪڳУͱҪʱʱ̿ЩѡҲǳȤһ㣬ͬʱҲܱѡ
ԪĵҲȤңʺǿɷࡣ
ԪҲգΪĵ˵úܶԣ»ȨףǮȻҪ׬Ҫ
ûбҸˡպǺһЦֵĿǰʵԣǲҪȥ˼ҵ棬Ӧʱʱ̴̿ԼȣЩǶԷǳҪΣõ͢ĳϺ֧֣ҲǷǳҪ˳֧֣͢ǿռøأõԴܹܶг󣬾¶ԣõʺ֧֣ǶԣǷǳãҶԣҲÿڣϾԪĵɷǻԹı˽ңѾˡ
Ԫĵǻʺأѵ֮󣬶㲻ô
Цˣ˽ңҴӲΪУΪ֪˥ãֻҪǿ󣬵˾ǿ֮ĩǵõ֧֣͢ǿԱøǿȻʺҲ棬ǲûбġǺͿ־壬ܹŻԼ⣬ãʱ˿̵ǣǲҪκ˵ġ
ԪǺһЦȻаգͿŰɡԪڸЩʲô
͵
յʺѾվô¾һ꣬ʱԪͱ˵Ļֻд󳼵ĲԪӦõ͵Ӧ÷ųȥߴңС£ͷ͢æ֮ԪҪڳһϢ˵ӡʣµľͽҰɡ
ԪͷһԪȥġ
ó֮ԪĵɫصĿأǮɱҪĶ࣬˵ǵǮôҲꡣ
տЦˣ֪ôһֱһ¶ǳ档
Ԫĵ£ʲô£
յǹǿţʼ޷Ⱦ㡣
ԪĵһЦ治֪ߡ˶٣ֵǣûȰ˵ʱ򣬾ԤʾҪͷˣѵ
չһЦһֽԪĵ˹̲ס£֪ģʵȰҶġ
Ԫĵһۣƺ͵ϮеǳȻԣСƭˡ
ɲǻԡЦǾʹϽƻʼ˵ʱѾҷˡ
˵ˣԪĵ˵˵ˣֻŭң˵ֻеǳ٣֮ҪסЩʱһܹΪء
һǵãҷġ
ˣƶ졣
չЦôޣҺʮĸ


1915 ѾС
ʵµĹؼԪҵֻΣ΢пһ˵ԪҲǺеһöӣΪԪҵ棬ϽƻǺԼܹ㶨ҪۡĿľҪ£ʺ˰һûʺȥƶҵչôʺ˵ЩͱҪð֪Ҫ֪Ļ͵ڰ˵ˡ
˵׻ǳ
ҲǺΪóġ
˺ܿ죬õһۣ䡣
ʵûкմвҲᴫȥģΪĹǶΪǻʺȣǿ϶Ҳ˵ôҿ⸾˸ɵöһЩʲô¡
Ҫڼǰ£ǵԪǱΪ飬ҹƾʲôԪܵί͢ҪȥæôެɥҲûмֵȥǹ̹ᣬյķӦȴˡ

ȻԪһ֮£ܾûʺ뺫С˵öԣǵһЩҲʼڳߺˣҪǺһ㱣϶ûУǽ˭ߺ˰
ļüͷ
Ǯ󷽵ͷ⻰˵öԣȻܶ˶ǳĽԪңԪҲˣ֧Ԫң֧ԼҪǳֵ֧͢ĻʱҲȥǱߵϿһֵ֧͢ĻԪǱ治ȥǿɾĻᶼûа
ϳҲͷʵЩռˣҲԭĸأ뻹Ҫʳģôũɣǹ֮ҪܹռЩ죬ǾͿֲһЩ޻ᡣ
Ǯһڣ˵ҿǸԪҴģ˵ǵϵؿǺãɶ֣ӵУôõĵأûеȥռ죬ǹҷչôǿǰտûдзֵöٺô

õꡣ
Щǻǲһˡ
ֽƿһţһǳڵ£ҿǶһȺαӣ帮ıƺ֮ʱҲûпվ˵乫ǵЩ޸ϵ˵ģҲ֪۸ԭա
ͷǣǣʺ˵̫ˣǴµһǵϵҰҲ̫ͷ϶ǲǽѵǽô
ߵһĹӸҿҲҪ͢æԼǮȥҪܹǱڵһúͭǿɾͷˡ
˻һЩӸĿ⼱
ɳǵɲУ˽ļӿΥģŪҪɱͷġ
ˣ
̾˿治֪ΪɶԣûȥʲôϵŹֲݣʲô°
ͻȻһתҪǻؼҸ˵˵ڳֻ֧ʺԭ󣬵˭ֻ٣˵ǱߵؿǺˣؾͲ˵Ǳ߻кܶľľĿֵǮɶҪľͷ
±ҵ
ֵɶҪǲӦҲǱһ٣ʹһӦĻǵʱռЩ죬ɾͷˡ
˵ǣôҲȥԡ


˾գԪҵ£˵ô
ʷʵ
ޱ
ʷҵǾÿԳǲ̣Щɰˡ
̾˿½ϣϷν͵ǷŹں⣬⺵Ѽӹȥһվͻεڴϵġ
ʷʱһΣҲԣǲԭϵӢۣܵȥǾ˼ҵĹ֮ʳ
ƃǿȥŹҲҪЩԳ֡
ǣǶôģĪԪ˵أ
ʷһ˾㻹Ŵ£Ԫҵ£ʺĹǵŶŻˣϽųϢϣܹϢˡ
ǡ
˵һ룬ŶһϷˣǳǱߵūȥİɡ
ʷٺЦЦǵν˶ȥһϻش߾ǳͷūڽϿֵǮ
̾Ϸ޳ɣֻʦѽ͢ûеȥԪҴ̣˵ȥ
ƃû˾գզøЩĳһηηβģҪʲôǾ˵ģǳǮȥģ̲Ϊ˱Ǿǹ»ɶ˼˵ġ


Ԫұ
үү
ԪʵЩ岮Ƕ̸أ
Ԫܵͷ
Ԫô˵
ԪܿЦǿɱǻˣһΪӦϢˣӦþŬ͢ռЩ졣
Ŷ
ԪԵЩ졣
ԪܵүүռЩ죬ôҪĴʣܹмŴ޴ǱߣΪҪɽǹмǱߵӰԶɽţǱߵ䣬ǱɽŸ¢ϣǶԴһֱڻǾһᡣ
ԪƬ̣ô˵ģ
ԪܵȻүүķԸʾԪϣܹϢˣԸ͢鷳
Ԫͷ˱ˡ

Ĺû뵽Ϊȡ֣޻̸֮Ȼڳк䶼𼫴ķ죬ڳУвվԪǱߵģȻҲ˵ΪǮȥǶ˵мǳֵ֧͢ģǴƵĻƵĻ˴ˣܴѽǲܲܡ
ɽʿ壬۴£ǲǾ֧֣Ҫɽʿ϶վԵģǽʱͬհ
ⶼΪ߾һսɽʿ棬ɽ˱øӸԣͷ١ڴ̵ĹУǾͺݺ׬һʣݵıϵԭҪɽģܹ̻ټϴӶ붼ǳɽţ¸һɽʿҲǾ岻Ǻ򣬵ֲ˼˵̫¶ǣԾͲóĬȥֻ֧ʺţҲôǾϡ
ǲϣǲ֧ô
ʱ˼롪̰
̰ȻǱģ˭Ҳܷϣ̰Żʹ˽ԭǵشﲩҪţΪʲôͲܸһЩأ
Сũ˼뵱ȻǳԱůˣ˲ô룬ǶĲƸ׷гְҵŻ档
ңڽǱ߶˴͢˵ϰնڴ¶еǳŭϣܹ͢Ϊ
ȻⶼǺȥǱ£ȻĻϢǲôʹǱȥֲʲô
ǺղûʲôȥǣֻǽʺĻ˹ȥ̾˼ķ졣
ݡݵҵǷǳʱ˼ҲѾģǿɲΪԪҳͷԪΪй壬뽭ͲôãǶΪԼ͢ҪɺôеʶҪӽϵ䣬ϵĻǷǳ㣬ˮɴ֯ѾȥˣΪǱˮԴ࣬Ƿǳģ͢ҪĻ˾Ϳ϶ƣһϱϾͶôгóףΪϴĲƸ
߾ǸɽҪǳΣϿʲôôռǶҲֵǷˡ
ϱһֱìܣԽϰվó͢ƫġ
ǰⲻһС£ȴȻ󲨣׼Դ۷׷ףһӮ˵ģŻ
ĹǶɵˣԭ۴£ûа취۲ѽ
ǱҲ˵¿ɲС£նǳŭϽ
ҲˣС¶Թҵôôأ
տʼţȥ̽ˣҲûа취ֻܳǵٿ飬һλΪرһ㣬ͬʱǵҾεߣȻǰҲйǷǳʽĻ飬ֳϣǻûͬʱֹ
ǣµա


1916 ˽Ů
Ȼ˷ٿ飬ΪԪһһ£ǱϣεȻô˵Ͼֻһ΢С£ʵ۸Ҫ󳼿ôʽĻ飬ר£̫ûбƸˣڸտʼʱζڸ̸۽ֺ͹ֵ̾¡
˴˵ýζ˶һЩĲɣΪǶ֪ղµģ´Ҳ޳ɡ
Ҳû۶ãͶʽͨԸ˼ֹɹ˹ֵ̾һξֳ
ֽһҪ󳼣ǿ㵽޷ǳοһƵһ£˵ԪҵһһںⱻŹ˽ߣںܴķ죬⾿ô£
Ĺ̵£͢δȥ飬ֻԪһԡ
üǲôҲôۣ
Ĺۻʺ󣬵ϳ˴
ٴǿʼĨˣĹҲ߯һ㣬һ͸ʺһ
ûлᷢû뵽Ĺһ͸ᷢ쭵ĽڣЦһֺڵģβֱ˵ڴ
Ĺһֱϳû֤ݣԲԣҲûпܵġ
ףһǶȹǸ
οʺ⾿ô£
£檲Ѿ˵ֳ֧͢ΪԪֻعģǳ檾ûаȥۣǱ²ţȥ̽һ֪ǳΪ
ʽͻȻ£ݳ۲죬Ӧòǻʺⰲŵġ
Ĺʵкƾ֤
ʽ֮ܵԴۣҪΪѾ˵ĵǣΪҳ˽࣬һɱһҪö࣬ʧһɲÿ˶ܹܵ˶ԴǺܵǡ˵ĵǣ˹˵ĵǣΪ̼Ҫǹţǹ˾Ͷʧҵһԭ򣬾Ϊ֪ԪҴЩϻôĲƸҲзһҪ֧֡͢
Եͷʵ˴̽ģģֻ֪ʣҲûʺûбҪۣǴѾ˰ǵĹע͢ҲţʱȲۣǾ³͢Ӧô
£ΪȻ˰յĹע͢ȷ͢ȥŹ£ʵĻͶٷŹԪҵǸ⳥ʧԽ÷ŹҳҲԭһߡ
ε˵ͷ
ԭشﲩЩطԭһ㶼ϣͳ߾ֻ鷳
̵ΪôĻֻǰæһֻµʱ÷Źһңòʧ
ʵ˻
£Ѿȥôˣôȥ飬ҪǷŹϣҲûа취ǱߺôൺƾʲôһҧǷŹΪŹ˵Ԫȶ֣͢ʱδ˵óͷԪңϢˣһǴƵϽᵴȻ޴档
ͷʺ֮µȷԵ飬ˣ͢һˣҪܳʱգϳҲûбҪ
ʵǲ֪˾նڴкο
Ƭ̣ϳΪҪôóİСһ㣬ⰲȫҪô͡ʺԣ֡
Ĺ༤˾գΪͳ˧ô˵أΪôһС£ʦڣսǺΣգ߾Ҳݣ½·ģҲ˵һвûȡʤǳ͢ʱֻﻢ£Ҳûʿǵļܲ͢˵ΪԪҵһʹɷ򡢶ӡ׵ɡ
æҪϷֻǾȥ飬ʲôģ⡣
Ƚ˱ʵҪǾҲԣҪҲνʱ򣬾ͱҳˡ
´ҲʤˣҲ֮٣ǷŹҴûав٣Ϊһɴȥ˼ңͿ̿ԭԹɾûйô
ЦԹûйôΪԹûĸĽҴҲûҴôǿʵغ֮ʱսҲûܱߵвûнóȥš
Ҵܱߵ󲿷ֶѾެ֮⣬в˶ֹֻǰν֮£Ī֮ĪΪʲôǾͲȥЩ죬ҴƵİͼ֮ڣǰոλԣǲӦܽݣԼЩ黹ԷΪЩطɶǺذڴ̸壬ҾЩˡ
ԽǿӲֱӾϡšʡ
Щ첻ǻ֮أԭشﲩαռЩطδ˵ĸ˷ɽԽ룬ܵһ˼ȥ
δҿǼٰôɽԽ룬沢˵أѵ֪𣿡
£һΡ
ݵЩڳ͢ԣ㲻ʲôǶڰնأ֪ԪǱ߻˶ٲƸôΣ֮ʱԪҾЩֲʳĻһɨգЩܹҴմũɵҸҴƴԴԴϵĲƸ͢ϣչøô
Ĺʺ֮ԣϷе߳ܣк֮£ʺЩϵǣЩطҴưոռˣô죿ѵǻΪʺӦĸ£˽
üͦεģô˵ӣ㵱ҵ棬ô˵ʺ󣬺ôҪ۵ģ˼ҵȻҪ
ûԺ帮ڵʱҪʺ󿪿ڣʺģ޳֮£帮Ҳ֪δ
˵òҾ˽Ц
Ĺһ㶣Ҫƹˤô
ҲȵĿôĨڻҰǺôǶʥ鳤ġ
ͻȻվΪµӣΪ˽һ㣬кη
⻰һתζȫͬˡ
˵ĩ֮ңĩ֮ңһԭͿ̿ԭձūۣˮ֮Сǵʱڣ´֮ʱٰջǵܹȻ𣿻˵ֻ֪۸ԭգͱ񣿡
ĹƤӶ㡪ѪˣϳԸΪս
΢΢ЦҾͲ֪ΪҪԴ£ѵֳ֧ΪԼôԪ£ҶϵҼֳ͢ӦóΪҴƣҴƵİգϣΪ¸أϣҴƲܹǧء
´õ߶ʧ߹
˵꣬ΪβȥӲһ£յ뷨ңǱҽЩֻһˣҹܵǲΣֻ֪֮ʣǽκģʳʵڵġǴƲܰ״ӦüţǱ̫ԶҲȽƶ񤣬ʺԭգǺ֮أط֣ӦȥռЩط
´Цһ¶ûУǹӡ
ʺ飬ĸԼĺӳԣʣǲأ
´⺢Ҳûжš
Ҫȶˣʲôˡ
ҲΪԼĺӣȥ˼Һӵķ
ԷĺûзԣһҺӵģЩԭѵΪԭʧ֮ôҾͲףΪʲô˼ܹҼҺӵʳҾͲȥ˼ҵġңֻֻ֪еԣҲܹҴưĸãҵҪְҴаںףʬδȴ˵£ѵͲиûаա

͵͵ս̫ǿˣпֻС
ۺգĵʦǳְѽ̳ôһλͽ
ˣǻûн޷
޿̣ϽֹǵΪã˭Ӯ˭䣬ûӡ
³ͷ
¡
ʵ۷쭣˭Ҳˣʵʵ¡
ĿͻȻһƳ
æڡ
εŴģ
հһ漴ڨڨ΢ֻһ¶ѡ
ͻȻתͷһ˫ĿŻ⣬Ϊֲ˵أ
ֲֳˣⲻǳﵷô
Ϊѵ£ǲ˵ֻѾԪҵĹϵͬһ㣬ڸģ˳űտڲԡ
Ҫ˵¿ɾͻûûˡε㾡˵Թı˽ģһһԣʲô㷸Ϊ£˽ô
Ǵ󳼸Ǿν
ʥ
кᣬ֣ȴһͷ
˵ɣ˵ɡ
ο⸱
ȴվһ¹ڡ
ǿźգĿ͸˼֮⣬治һα
յСûжʲô飬Ҳ̫һףóҲΪó֮ţ񣬳֮£ȫҲǴӹǴԪġ


1917 ðɣģ
⻰Ҳ˵Ҳ޳ɳ͢ΪԪֻع
ֱ˵ʵºֹĨǣϾʵ̫٩ˣܲ
ȻﺫʡһҰͷʥȷֳ֧͢ΪԪֻعģΪڹҷǳ
һЦһսǱܲ⡣
ε㵹˵˵ڹк棿
յһ㣬ǵϵĲƸһĿȻġ
ĹжٲƸ
Ц֪ͻ治٣֪п֪⼸䣬Ϊԭ˶ٲƸô
ĹԸꣿ
յô˵ɣݡݼһ˰ջҪöࡣ
Ĺδڣξ;ȵôܣ
ЦΪľġúЩǷǳֵǮ˽Щԭ˵ԭַֻãɽȥ٣ú۸ȻͱˣҲͬʱǰ߾ʱڣóײǷǳУĻݡݴĻﶼݣذҲ÷ǳԣһ㣬¿ѯʴةǣġ
οǡ
ҲǷ׷׵ͷ
ǰ࣬ʵҲΪ뵺ֻǻ֮أԭ첻ȥ˲ȥǱߡ
յԣֻעжúȻҪģܹǳĲƸΪһ㣬߾һս͢ûʲô׬һЩڴ֮ǰҶΪֻһ黯֮أƶ֮أռʲôͼġ
ͬĵЩ죬ľġءˮҵɶֳɵģ˵лúͭڽ󣬵ȵȡⶼֻΣؼΪϱ÷ΪǱʼҪЩԭ˻صԭλһ£֮رøݡһ٣ҴʵǺεȵǿ󡣡
ϣݣ
Ŀ⼱һ㶼ۼ
ֵɲôһ㵺죬кܶ࣬ЩһôݰɣҪެսհǰ˺󣬲ǴӮ¸ʱһҸˣҪȵʱ򣬾ʮެҲ£ǾԴҲܹެʱݣǶ£Ϊ̫٣ٲߡ
öǺЦ˳
ҲĬĬõͷò˵յĻһħܹץס˵ġ
Ρެ̴ľԴ
Ȼˣ͢βоչϣΪҪǵȥ
յԭ֮أҲʧģôҲԭյģǵЩԴĿǰɸһϵûУ˳ģǾǶ˳ģ˼õģҲõˡҵĽǣȽǱ߸ۿڸˣչǲżȿϵԴ
Ҳ߯޳˰ɡ
ʱԶԣ˼ҺշžѾ˵ˣҲʲô£ûж飬ҵְǸȷ
ΪԣԼҰն÷ܵЩ˷úеǰӣҲ˼ͷ
ͻȻĿһɨЦǺǵ֪ﶼұ޳ܣǣΪ֮٣֮١
͹ˣ
˵Ĺˣ¬ʦԶ̲סˣʵˡ޶ۣ濴е塢ںδ
Ц»ôԪһ˵𣬲ǲǷŹٵģʵҪΪӣӦָ̽ĶҪ̸ֻ۱ĶǶ˸̸ġ
Ҷ콫ˣǾӣǾͲǾӡ
ȤԸꣿ
յ˵ʲô˲Żȥ
еȻǿ
˵˵û˵Ŀ϶ǿѽǿġհڰ֣ô˵ɣة϶ᣬΪʴӱΪʥ飬Щ˿϶һЩûĻûж飬ûеµҰˣλϲͬ
еΣ
׶ˡ
ָָС
ЦÿÿҿҶԼ׶ˡ
չһЦ
ûǵɲķ¥
ǡ
һЦֵ˼ᳫʲôǽ̻Ϊ²ģϽ̵ġ˼߰壬ʵƹ壬ƹ£Щˣʥ飬֪ǻȥ𣿵ȻѽµĸԴڡ⣬Ҵƾʲôܱ߳Ե·ˣҴƵĻǲģҫ۵ģӦöƹǵĻǵĵº񷨣ȥ̻ЩҰˡԲԣ
Ĺ౻Ƶֱͷ֮
һԵĹ飬ûЦ
ֿǣΪأ
Ǻܲͷǲܲͷ
ֵȥ̻أ˵ֿ˾ǰ֮ˣһƥҰȸô
ӡ
ô
յǲһȥ͸ЩҰ˵֮Ҳ˼ҲȣôǣǵģȻǲܹǴĻǣôˣǹ֮٣֮١õǵõƸǺãҲã˫Ӯ϶ʥϿһУһеǳοġ
ҲУ
дһдġ֡
ưƣһ޳֮£˵Ǹߴϡ
֪ŵ˲ȥƹĻģȥūǵġ
ЦѵΪЩƽôԪ˵ﶯ֫⣬ͿͷҰ죬ǳбͳūǣҲôɰɣϵ˾ҪҸö࣬ٲȥ⵱ǿ
ңҲ˵ǵūǣʱǸǽˣȻȻͶ񷨣ңǰǸɻѧ᲻֪ʶɣǺаģǳΪҪɱ⡢⡢չ⣬ΪͳΪҴưͼڵϣܹҴǾһҸ
´ɾռЩ죬͢ҲԹǱ߰
յǵÿ˭ǵĻǿ϶ǹˣпΪ˵ĻɾͲͬ׷ǲƸԪȥأɲΪһڷԪҲȱǿڷԪҪʳ˵ԭʴԭг벻ġȻҪԭƱҪ͢ġ͢Ȼ͵ɹԱȥǿԽȨ;ôȨһΪĻ߾໥⡣ңҲһȥܹ֮໥ල
üһ⣬ȷ˵ףҲʦҵľΪ˱Ȼ漰յҴƣһҲ񰲾ֹܣǾӣԴΪɳĻӮҲãһиʲôʧ͢ûʿǽ
⡭
ü
Ͻ⣬ϻ֮Ҳ˼ȷɳֱ͢ӳʮֲףʿҲ֪Ϊζսľܹȡʤ
ĺܲϷղŲǱ̬ôҪĻǾҲͬѽ
ʵǲ֪ʺʲô⣿
£˽ΪԸļȨ


1918 Ȥǹϵ
˰
ζǳԾĿôأȺ˵óڡ
⡪У
Ĺ༱öˡ
Ҳʺ󣬴˾򲻿ɣս֮ʱ׸ļ֮ȨҡԷˡ
У˾գ˵ꡣ
һЦ˵ļȫļֻǸʸļǵþ𣬹ȫɳ͢ļ֮ȵǼǣõ͢ĴӦ֮󣬲ļȨ׼ǿˣҪ˫Ը£ļˣļͳͳҪ͢ĵͷ
ֻǸ˵ȨȻļǮҲȫ֧֧͢ԮΪرǴأҴưͼƶȡ涨ȫг͢һ͢Ǽȵֲû°սԪҵĻ͢ûи֧֣ѵ׼Ҫѩô
̲סˣʺϳòô鷳ҲǾ˵ְټǶԷȴǵĻҲʦ
Ц˾֮⣬ףǳսռߣҲ˵ҾǶԷĵֻ֣вƣںϾ͸ˣһв⣬ǲܽʿǷԸȥģܵ͢յָԼļʿǰȥ˽Ϊ׵İ취ֻ͢ҪϸƾͿԣȣһŹҲҪǧΣǵǳ͢ģԼûⲻΣң֮ļЩʿȻͱýɢ
Խ˼
⣬ȷʵܹ⣬ȣ͢ҪʦڣҲҪеκηգҲʧһѡΣԪܺߣԪȥ
ȻҪĻǺǰһԱģƹǿĻôߴϰ
ʵⶼ̶õģںרҵɺļ£տɲ׿ڣΪռǹԱˣûرܣͽ˵ϾǻʺҲǼҵģͲЩġ
Ĺûԡ
кһۣ¶һЦ󣬶ֿ¬ʦԣ㲻ǲôȥ¡
¬ʦԿЦ
ҵĿֶϡ
ĿһɨĹҲˣü仹Щԥ֮ɫ
ͻȻ£˵ףһܶѵģţɶûҶǵһȻֵ֧ģǳҲΪ»ؿһ£룬ûʲôû뵽ġ
һ㶣ǳһѾռϷ磬ôһţִùˡ
ѵڷŻʺ
°뵽
εͷЦ֮²óȻ˼
ʥ
ˣյĻ͵˽һЩˣǸ˰ɡ
΢ˡ
һǵͻȻβˣˣҵȥϸéȡ
δ˷ӦվͷǱȥ
ﲻ룬ѵһ˻ȥΪϲ
벻¶˵֮١
ҡͷ˼
Ĺεȷʵ˵еЩģȥ̻ǣԶǿ֪ȡһʲôΣѣǾͻԭӶᣬܹ̻ǣȷʵα֮
´ЦŵͷǼķˡ
ҪȤһ㣬ǴҲǳƽʱﲻǺޣ˽ֵúܹˣ֮⣬һؼԭ򣬾Ǻգǰ꣬һֱϴǾײգҲνǹǹ˽˽ȻĹ඼٣һܹˣǵȻҲһҪֵĴȡ

Ȼ˵˺ܶˣһҪ˵һΣǷ˺հ
¬ʦԸп
Ц纫ԼԣɲǿƷУʵµģȻһа취˵ҡ
Ļǻʺһ˳紬Ǵˡ
ӵҲûȫ䣬Ȼһ飬пܻ֮ͨͨ󣬾廹ִУ棬ǻǿ԰һǵġ
¬ʦԵͷǵúúС

̹
ϴϴְɡ
ողéһС̫Ͷһˮ˹
˸˭ܹĵҲδ̫࣬ǵֵ̫࣬ӡǳãûһࡣ
һϴ֣һ̫ʵ⹬ͰǲҪడ
̫Ц˵ЦˣСǿûʸͰ
ղΪʲôѽ
̫ȴһ㵵Ŀźգ˵ѵΪ˶ܹͰ
ûеͲϲѽյͰ𱰣ͰΪ˷⹬ӦռͰУУȥʺһ£ͳһͰɾ
̫̲ס¶ĵЦݣϽյȥӡ
ƵĲ֣̫ţ񲻼ߡ
̫൱Ȼˣ죬Īҡ
ȿȿȣ
Ȼߴ
̫ƫͷһæС˼ټࡣ
ŵʤ˹롣
յͷֵ̫лˡ
лл
̫ܳ
ŵʤƵզˡ
˵һ죬ĳġպǺһЦֵټ࣬ҷ˵˶òͰ
ŵʤһС쵰ҸԹд
⵨յҾ˳һ䣬ǾͰô˵ûù˵ټɲУͰǷ㣬Ҫ͸ɾǷյģһ˵òʹá
ŵʤ㻹ٸôﲦóȥǮټϻʺ⼸ᳫڼҶͰ
УУ˭Ҳܿ£ֲʲôݳ֮£лһȥʺ˵˵ġ
ţֻصǵʱھһˡ
ռæǰ΢μ¡
κЦȻû߰
պٺЦš
ε˵ɣ㻹ʲô˵ġ
һ£͢ԸַŹҴǷǳģܹΪҴƴǳĲƸңԹԭΪͻƹ룬δǱܹػʺɶڻ£ŹҲҪǻСǮ£Ǿֵõġ
Цأ
һ㶣ٺЦʥȻ˵컨׹ǶԲ˵ʵȥȥӶ˼ҵĲŵԼп϶ᷢһЩȽϰࡢɵΪԣɱ³ܻᱣ֤û⣬ǽʷϵļأܻ˵ķ顣
գޱ飬Ĭһŵ˼أ
ûʺ֡˵ţּæ£΢ݺʺֻ΢ãʺʼһŮˣҲҪһࡣΪҪǣǶ˺Ů˵ڴǲһġɹˣ˶˵ʺһŮˣѾǷǳǱһֱӢ䣬书ѾԽܶˣҪһ覴ö޷Ŵ˵ģҪӱҵһ覴ãǷǳѵġ
κǺЦˣǾˣƨͱˡ˵˶٣ôԻʺ󲻹ƽ
յ¿ʺΪζģ
һۣ˵Ϊʲô
ԥƬ̵ΪⶼΪ֮ǰʺһЩ󣬻ʺ϶и̣еϣܹΪҺͰһЩʲôҲֲ֮ǰµĹҲϣԼʴ˻ʺزŻǿƣŻὫƵ۹Ͱշϡûʺȥڱ£ڻʺԣǺ¡
κǺЦЦСӻǿǵ㵽
պٺٵΪ΢ʵҲ˽ĵġ
Ŷһк˽ģ
յ΢ﲻ¿ˡ
㵫˵޷εͷ
ܼ򵥣¶ͳ¶ӹҪǳΪǧŵһۣǳΪµ࣬ȻҲմⰡ

ԲЦúһŵ޻Ϊһֱǲϡ
յ£ǰ治ǺϡΪڵ²ΪҪģǷǹͽȥۣԴӳ˺֮󣬳Ҳôһ֮ģϣĺܹԳΪ
޺Ⱑαʾĵͷ޿һ¡
΢סչһֵ⻹һ£ǹһ££ǵ˵õģΣȥ֮ջȥΪʱˣҲһֱֻŻ岿Ҳûйܡ
Ȼõô£޿ڵͦõѽͲҪˣɹġ
ҪǺʲôһץ˵ҲὫȨջȥǺջǸǰһûнȨԼϣҲᵳӪ˽ζǷǳģҲˣúչְЩ¾ͺÿһЩҪ֪ҪУͺͨ¾ͿԿʱʱ̿Ϊ˵룬ȫû뵽һ㡣
ί£ǾʣûǩԼˡ
εҪ˵Լ޵ʥּԼεʱûиʥּ𣿡
գգۣȻ֪η
ڽ˵ƿˣǼ䳩찡


1919 ˭
ͨ飬Ǻ׷ȫҪ֣ΪϵһԼİĻЧɾͲ˲٣ڻǻʵסǻʺ
տɲںΣֻǸεԸȥ׷һ˫ӮĽ
ζ֮ĸӰ죬ŷǳ̵ģΪ˸Լϴףһ֮Ŭô˵û֮䣬ܶûôΰΪǳӼλҪ֤Լ顣ڹ˼У飬ʵûйϵ˵ʲôȨڣ˵㼴λ˳ĸˣ顣ңμλ֮ʱТƣⷽ棬Ƿǳأɱ㡣ɱ޼ɣⶼǶǳģıܿˣûз֮Ĵ
ܺôƣʾһţҶģôҲ϶౰ɵĹЩūѵξͿôε׳־ΪԭǱţǴͳҲˣռЩ죬Ĵ֮УԣͻȻðȨеϵ󹦼̸ϣΪĹЩͳˣǿûҪĵطȥռţʲôֲĸӰ죬ʴԴЩԥ
֪λⷽ棬ڹ˼ƻʱ򣬾Ѿ뵽һ㣬ȫϡ
İĻҪǳʲô⣬ξͿ⣬͸һΣһȫ￸ţҪɹҲνҶҲΪڱʺ̫ҲãҪ纫ԣҲܹһЩ
ԣѾûʲôʧȥģǳԸⱳⲻ˫Ӯô
֮԰
ǰǵϵǷۣǾʱҿĹ飬㶼Ц˳
ڶůʯŵСϣĵĵҫ£ǸԵǴ⡣
ЦʺǷ˵Щɾ㲻þʡ
ͷѽ塢Ķ˵Щɡ޳ܵľȫ˵
ˣҲȴǷǳ죬ϣһֱǳĬҪ˵̫ףܹᡣ
΢΢׵ÿ
Ƶлô
ղѵʺ󲻴ҵл
㳵ƾʲôҪл
յ˼붼ΪӦôʱһԵͻԵ÷ǳ̶ܱ޳ܣǹ󣬶ܹ˵ĿⶼԼʺһǰδ˸˵ģΪʺעҲõ֧֣ѵǻʺҪô
˵΢΢һЦʺôǶûкôҲӦ
һĨΣҲһͻȻѾԪһµľȨңʱ˿̣گӦȥʡ
յʺĲÿ
ĿԲһûдл
պǾʵΪʲô㶼Ӧø˵һлл
԰һۣߵȻ½ȨңͬʱҲסˣҪǰ첻ãҿɾ޷֮գֻܹһ㣬ҿǳ
պǺƤЦⲻЦʺ̫ǫˣҪ˵⵵£Ҳϵûʺ룬пɱҺݶˡ
Ʈһ˿ΣĿ⻹ǻòͷô
ǻʹ
治ɫ֪ʺٳΪ£
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ʵ֪ʺк뷨
Ŀһۣ֪뷨
յΪûãһôʺҲôҪңһôʺҪر
кΣҲǰ棬ϣ˾һ£ݵһЩˮʦȥЭЩˣƾЩļȥһǷǳģȻԸһսǾʹˣܻɷǳĸӰ죬ƻʧܣҪ֤սʤ
˼ΣǣҴȥ˾һ£ⲻʵҲһЩеûţ붯һзСƣˮʦȥҲǸһⷽӦòʲô⣬ʺ㲻Ҫ̫ģʺӦüо£ڳдչȭţʱԼʺ
ЦЦΪʲôǰʱԼأ
Цʺ󳹵װʱԼҾͺΣˡ
Ц㻹ǺܼɵҰ
ЦѵҲӦüɵô
Ц
Ŷһʺ󣬳м̸̸
ʲô£
˵лûȫռͰ
ʲôϵ㵵
ڨڨҼ˶Ͱʹûռ⳼ӵúְܻ̿
˵ûǮ
Ҳ˵Ҿ衣
ƵΪζԴģ
ЦΪɶȻΪ˱£µĲĿǰҲڻָ֮УҵȻ֧ԮһЩ
ЦǱڲҪû㣬µĲôô
̾ʺԳ
µ㻹ҪװǺ޵޳

üգξ˵Լ岻ʣ޷ǵķǳȫǳ͢ЩƽϢ£ôڴ£ͽȨʺ
һگ˵ϵɿһЩ
Ϊǻʵ۵گǲʱԼƵģͨ飬ôĹҲܲأΪǻʵûʺԼʹȨҲڴ¡
گ䲼֮ٿҪ顣
ΣЩһҪҴưͼģҾ
һʼǷǳ˵
ĹǶǳĬνǰʾѾͨˣ׼
ĿһɨǵĳĬǷǳ⣬ֵ֮ԾôΪ˴ƣΪ˴ưգֳһƵִҵҪλıߡǶԴк뷨˵޷
ĹϳΪȻҪǷΪ͢˾ٵҪݣһеһҲӦûǷ֮ϣĻԭǧĻܽһʱ뵺ЩҰҲ޲𡣡
˵ͷǾأ
յȻ͢ţΪΡǳ͢ǿȥЩϵģԼѡģܹ͢谭յҷչͬʱΪĻɷҪﵽΪȵ޶ⷽɷǱ޶һƵɷ跨ϵ֧֡
Ҷ׷׵ͷʵҲ˵ģҲǱġ
Ϊⲻǳ͢ţϣֻ͢ǴӦյ󣬲Ҹ֧֣ⷽ˶ѣȻǳ͢ôأôأһַǳĿֻ͢ɷЩϷưͼ
ЩҪ󳼶ǳҵﱾǷµģΪۣΥԭͳ˼룬жûаӰӣ﴿ľҪţǶʵ׷ǾͲϣҲƶ̫ˣôִлԼ⼸Ҳһֱ˼⣬ôܹڸסŵҰģӶ֤ԭĴͳ˼벻ơ
ǷǳҪģ˼뱾Ƕģ˼õ֧֣ͬôͳ˼ܻᱻǲܹܵġ
ÿμһԼԼļֵۣǲȥҡġ
յۣںյƶУȷ
͡ó׷
ĺʵǺܼ򵥣ǳ͢ʼҪƹƵ˼룬ƵĻȥ̻Щ֮ͽ˵ǴǴòһǵңǴƵĻƵļֵۣ֮ԾôƵĻΪⱾȥչģп϶ҲҵҵôҲ㲻˼ȥ
Ȼ򵥣ʵ̫ҪˣΪƺṩ˵»ͷ֧֣ưտİõȥţǲǿֻȥȥ̻ЩҰˣڸʥ˸ɵ¡
ν̻أ
ʥѾһ׷ǳϽۣɭϵȼƶȣʵ̫ˣԭͳ߶Ѿ¯࣬Բʲô⣬ĹݵģдǽһѽϿǼֱ˫ʲôë
ʵǰʾ°տȥţȥͳЩ죬одһͳ˼룬ͳûȥ̻
϶ʥҪ֪£ƶ˹ȥûôġ
ڡó׷ǾǾηߣоͰļѺط۷ȵȡ
ȥôؾͽӵжʮ˰ȨǽͭȹȫУ˭ֵģ⿪Ȩ͸˭͢ǺܶܶĳͣʵǷߣֻת˸ѣǺҪģΪ֪ŹЩЩˣô϶ͨͣһͿܽϵĻﶼɨ⣬һҪ鳯͢ӵУܹ͢۵ء
úĻ͢Ը辭ӪȨǱҪܵܿ͢أ㲻ȥҪҲþͬ͢⡣
Ǳ֤ȨڹݡһҪЩйҵƶȣǲȥٵģȥģҪôǾͳٵģɼ⡶ǶôҪṩ̫̫ĵ·֧֡⣬ʱ͢ɹԱǰȥģǱԭ˵ȥǱ߹ԱֻȥƹƶȵģȨƶ֮ڣûȨǲܸԤ˵ķչôȨͶǽˣҲûɱȨⶼǹ涨õġ
ܼ򵥣ǱũȨ棬Ǳֲ߲Ҷ˰֮أūҲֳɵģҪֲҶĻԭĲ԰øŪ壬ɣҲ֣ʳ֣ҲƣֻҪԭȱģ㶼Ը㣬ʲôҵ㰮ô㣬ô㣬ڸ߾ƶľһ
ļҪǳ͢Ȩ棬˲ƭȥװǣǲеģҪ㹻ĲƲѺ͢ŻļȨûг͢Ȩļ췴ңȷ͸⣬պ㶼õšԼȥȥߺͼͬԼһȥ͢ܣԼġ
ҲǺһţֱ͢԰գְ͢ƽ⣬Ǳ˫Ȩ棬Ȼļʿǰȥȴǳ͢ôվͲһľ͸ߣҪǳ⻹ҳ͢˫ˡ
Ļ׸϶ǲеģǮ˰˵Ǯôܰ׸ˣ˻Ǯ򣬵ǼǮϸһЩʵĪ֧֣ǿɶǳ͢¢ϣ͢ԸѾǳˡ
ң͢Ԫ˷ʽԪռЩΪԪݡ͢ԪӵеصһȨ棬ЩطԪģ͢ȫϷҶʮ궼ý˰Ϊر͢ὨٸɹԱȥھǽԪ˴ưͼ
ʵʼһֵ飬ֱȻϺ̫ѿ⻹ûйȥͽ˼ҵĵ̻ԼˣûзϳֻҪռ죬ϰ䲼


1920 
ӡ͡ó׷⳯͢ȻΪΣĲʲôΪԼҲһֱɷչҲ治ɷչھ÷棬͢ǴԤ͹ܿأڹ̽׼ķһӾͶԶԶ漰ũɣɷ
ⲻǺ֮٣ҲΪӭϻʵۣΪ֪ȫ˷չǻĶԾڲģڻὫһͳͳˣյľҪɷչĿռ䣬ͬʱ͢һҪԤãܿؾá
׼ֲ裬׼ɣѾǷǳǳϸĹܿأɣܴȥģҪץ㲻Ҫҵ֮֡
ûʲôɽһ仰ǲ׼
ɼˣʺʽ䲼͡ó׷֮󣬳һƬ֮С
˶ڸΪǷǳ۵õ˺ܶյ֧֣ΪԼҰն޳ܣѽҪǻʵֻԼ棬ԼҰյ㽫塢˼봵ȥҲǱ
һ˵ͳþͲӣʵʵӣҪûʵ˭Ҳ㡣
˵ΪֻǿʼĻôǰһɨƣ⿪һڳӵһȨõٴ󳼵ӵһ棬ְõģҲӵΪһֱڳͣҶ֪ҪûлʺȫƶǲɵģΪԭûô
ɼʺط֮վߡ
κ˸
ôأ
ʹˣܻЩЩëġϣŮڰֵ֣ôæͱ
Ҫģæġ
οЦЦֵǲ֪Դ֮⸮ֱͥУһ߶ˡ
ֻ΢΢һЦ
ֵм£ҵһֱ㡣
ʲô£
ϵգ
Ƭ̣ͷ¾Ҹպɵġ
ǰҲµһЩ⺫ջǱ帮ǿˣŮ۹ⰡЦЦֺθպͺõģ
ֻЩ̣ȴ򶨵Ŀǰľƣȥ˭ã֮Ҳûʲôޣ֧ңҲ֧Ҷ
ϵô򵥣
Цжิӣ
ϴ͸һ˿ɻ󣬵Ҳûжʣ˵ͷܹºҲĲٰ

Ԫұ
Ǻǡ벻»е˳
ЦԪʱ˿̣ҲЦ춼ϲ£˵ԪҵõҪõһУΪ͢ڵϵһȨ棬ΪԪݡǹҫ氡
ԪЦǺǵ磬ⶼǺյĹͣҪˣʮа˾ûͨġ
Ԫͷ֪ܲô
ЦⶼСӦģϾϽƻСģ⣬СӦø𡣡
ԪǸлĻ󲮾Ͳ˵ˡ
æ󲮣ǧ˵Щ̫ˡ
úúã
ԪЦЦɫ˶ԣǿǣǷǶԪҶԣǱøϽжԪ֧Ԯ
յͷǴŹɲһСԪҪȥǷǳѵģ£һʱҲˡԪƾһ֮ȥŹôʱΪܶ˼£ԪҲʹģݺó׷ЩطҴưͼ͢Ȼưȥпܻìܡ
Ԫգüͷ⵹һ⣬ǲ֪˼ǣ
յˣһµüţרӦԺţһǮأͶʱ䣬ס˶ԣǶеǶǱߵǺ˽⣬Ҳû㣬ҲеϣܹԪҺңôʤҲһЩҲӱһЩ
Ԫͷĩ˵ԪޡԪܵ޶ܶ¾ͽȥ
֪ˡ
ԪޡԪͬ
ֵ⣬ǱߵеǴһһóҲӹļʿȥǿԴӽֺˡ
Ԫ޴㵵ΪʲôҪӽֺˣ㲻ӹˣҲֱӴӹǱˣǵĵֺ̣̫ƫƧһ㣬뽻ֺİҲǺϤ
Ǵӽֺļ˵һԭ򡣡յͷֵֺԭϵ٣͢ǱҲǲȡƶȣӽֺ˵ĻͿԳûֺںϵԭӶǿԭڽֺĹܿءһ͢ǿڽֺĹܿأôԭǱ̣˶ԣгΪҪģнֺгԪݱϣǶԪݵóһ¡
Ǿ£ֺ뵺ϵ࣬дҲ뺷ؼǵطȽļˣǮҲ࣬ѡ⣬ⲻһߵսҪͳƾǲеģҪһЩˣܹڴ֮󣬸ЧĹҽϵһЩ־ǰȥæҲܹ°빦
ֺȻҲںյļƻ֮УֻһǰˣĴԪȸֺóף˽뽻ֺȵʱ֮ʱȥļˡ
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Цģ͢ᰲȥǱ߰ǵģȥĻ˼Ҳһš
ԪͷϷˡ
Ԫͷʵ֪͢ļȥ
յһˣѾǳ͢ļޣ͢ѾȥǱߣСһˮʦϰΪɣЭǽ
Ԫϲµ棿
յͷǻʺ԰ŵġ
ϷͿԷˡԪ¶ϲ֮ɫ
ԪͻȻʵҪǮ
յҳһ£ǰǰеһмһҲҪһᡣ
˻һԪҵЩǣʼĨˡ
Ҫʮǰ֣¾ͱȥˡոյʱǾ޽У͵ʮᣬϰᣬһҲԿҵչǶôѸ١
Ȼһɲǻңаеĺķѡ
ԪֿЦ֣ǲòȥ˺
Цǳ͢ùծѾΪѺ
ծ
Ԫ£ƺ¶ˣƬ̣ŵŶŶծҲа
յͷȻаծǳ͢еģȻҵծѺĻͻãΪûеڣϢɾ㲻ˡ
ԪĵЦλ飬͢ǳԲ
գЦλҲԲ
Ԫĵһۣһ㡣˵ţԪǡ
ԪЦǺǵգɲô˵ܹȢĵĸ
ǵȻЦǺǵȢĵ֮ǰҶǮƻǿúأıѾƣҾѾҹˣʹһףҲǳˡ
ԪĵΣᶥºգܲ˵䣬ڿ̸¡
ԪЦ޷޷ĵԶ̸ġ
ԪЦ磬Ҳɣûĵˡ

ЩǷ׷Ц
ԪĵĿĿźգǺȷĸߺգ˯
ոϽȥίĿ⣬ԾǶġ
Ԫܻ飬Ҫǹծܹ棬˵һᣬҲڻ¡
ԪǷ׷׵ͷ
ծȻҲԼǾмֵģĿǰûȻùծȥϢͲˣҲһͶʣ׬ϢǻˣҲ֪ʱ϶˽ծó


1921 ǰ
̿ǷǳǮģսǷǮ촬͵úķѲǮ
ԪռЩȻڼƻڣֻһ⣬ʱվΪʱԪҸûʵʴ˲Ԫȥ̽˫ȿչóף֪ϵôһԵһ˾Ȩɲôɵġ
Ԫ̲£Ҳ̣Ҫʡ
ԪҶûⱾǮ˾͸Ӳö˵ʼǼڸ߾һǳǮ͢򣬵Ǵ߾ǲǮ͢ҲģǻԸǮֶ͢Ϊɲһ£Щڹûʲôв͢ǷǴ򲻿ɡ
͢ԼǮļúܶ˶һЩ֪룬ǾԼûʵ
ʱԪҿʼҡ죬Űɡ
ЩǷӵȫûо飬ֶֻ֧͢ѣԪǱ߾Ӫô꣬Ǳߵַǳ˽⣬ԪҺõĽ˵ծּٲ˵ѹΪҲڼӴͶ룬гѾڹͷϵǮͲ࣬ЩծڼҲǷţծǵ²ٵҲ˽
ŻһôȿԽϵãǶΪ׬Ǯȥģǿһ˸һУЩҪ
棬վԪҽ̸ûֱӽӴΪֻᣬԴΪҲԼУȥĴš

ҿûݹ갡
ճŸոմǱ߻ŴЦ
ŴұҲûдǱ߹ģԳӲҪǱߣպ˷̣Ҿ͵ȵ뿪֮ٻ
ЦŵͷʵǱߵô
Ŵ󼤶ݵԶԶǵԤƣǰʱݹٸҪرˣǸʤΣ֮ǰѽǽóףóѾʷģݴ˴̻֪Ŀǰʲôеô
յʲôе
ϴš
ϴţ
û뵽ɡ
ŴǺǵһģ˱һУóֵýżԽԽ࣬۲죬ⶼΪ·߶˶ģжýŵװĦ֮ҽͶ̣һϴŵꡣ˵һտţĿˣ絽ûжϹǮެǱһЩŮ澣ެŮ˿ɲԭŮˣֲڵĺܣɱĿ̫ܲʣǰſ¿ɲˣһ֮ڣݿʮϴŵִ꣬ެǱϰū澡õָ˺˵ϾҪˡһûԹǰſ
˭˵ûԹϴŶѣϴӶԹЦǺǵѹ
ǾϻйӦܶණģǮŵǰȻȻͷˡ
ǵΪŴǺЦЦֵһ£Ҳ֪Ƿ¹Ȼʼ÷Ρ
յͷ˵ˣġ
ŴǸçǷרһƣ۷ҲŪ˼ĥȥģĽøڱϿžС˵Ϊ¹Ȼڳȥչũҵ㵱¹ȻЩ飬ִе÷ǳãͲ˻ֵĿһ۶ߣͣȥ˰˱֮࣬ëƤҩȵȣÿԭˮɴĻһ̵¡
ЦǾֻóףȻЩԲǺ£ͼۡμ۶ڵԭеǮҲøֵǮˡ
ǡŴݣʲôǳˡ˵˷ܵȥ˰ҲӺü
յͷ
Ŵձƽ£ҿһҲ˷ܡ
̾Ҳ˷ѽҪ֪ĿɶʳǻңҪʳ˵ɲ̫ʵʴ˰ӵãܹʹøعٸȶ֧ܳ͢ǮƲûӶ١
Ŵ֪ɣܹȶǲˡ
յΪڻǰһ͢ҲԸ㣬͢Ǯĵطȥ㲻Ҫǣڰ䲼ӡ˰ʱͳŵรڽ棬ɶҪǮģԲǱȽϽţǧй¶ȥɲҪĿֻš
֪
ŴüȻ˵ĻܲŪ
ȻܣҪӽ꿪ʼյ鷳鷳һ㣬ܵȥңҿ֮ڣެǱӦòڣǾͿԼвչڣһ
ʱһС˾ȥһ˱
һ㶣漴ãҲҪ̸̸ѧԺ¡

⡪Ҳ̫һɡ
ʲôһ㣬ǵѰ

ƃʷžѧԺ³̣ǳĳźձԹ
ոŵҪΪЩ¹רſһѧԺ˹ԼĳŵʵһֱھĳŵǶǷǳŵġ
Цʸλأ
ұľͲ˵ˣⵯզȥǿѧԺǿ¥ΪҪᵯ١ʷ伤
յȣֻһ˵Ҫᵯ٣ҲԣҲУһҪһš
Ϊʲô
֤Լ츳
յλѧԺʵһ˫нΪѧһ׼ɾǽ֮һȲϱѧԺǺΡұѡΪ͵ѡǶֶûϹսҲ˭츳ֻܸǵȤ۲졣ʶ֣ǶģҲûʲôοֵһˣһһȤȥչ츳⣬Ҳչֳ˵ĻѧԺҵѧԱҪгĻϾǵôߡ
٩Ҳ̫һ㣬ⲻѧԣѡȡ״Ԫ
Ц£Ҫǡᡯѡ״ԪĻǾͲǡᡯô򵥣Ǳ뾫ͨ
ˣˣҲЩֻǾ׼ЩĽܲƽ
ڱȷƽԭҾ;úܹƽûȥ
ˡ
ͻȻڵҾúôӦõġ
ƃ˾գ⻰ʲô˼
ѾоѧԺΪʲôҪôһرľѧԺǺŽ֮ӵ츳ҪһˣôҶѧԺǸڴͬʱ϶ҲһЩ˵ſЦϷ޳ɺյѡϣҲܶ
ʷһۣƵ˵ôôɡ
ȴֹѡȥҲԺ£ҪѡϣھͶˣ
ЦȻҶûǾôˡ
￴ûأ
ƃ˺һֵۣȲ˵㣬⺣ţΪɶӣԼȥļں֮ڣ˼ҵĶ֣ԼĲͷˣǿǹܲţǽǴƾӵˣѽҿɾȥ
˵öԣ⿪ɶ˼˵ģΪʲôɾǰȥ
Щͳ˧һȺȥΪҿǵĸܡ

Щ佫׷׽ʵҲ뺫չԭ򣬶ǻ治˵˵ѣ⼸һֱ࣬Դ˸еǳѾǾ˵£ĹҲӦֻҺʸס
ĺŲ裬ȻûдȻ⣬ǲͬΪ±ӦǾȥġ
ֻܿԼˡλ԰꣬һԡ֮س͢ûгӣҪԭһΪⲻǳ͢Ĺ滮ģĿǰ͢ûκ׼һ̣λսҲ֪ܴ׼֮ս
ƃҲÿ˭ѽһӴСǻҪ׼ɶġ
⻰˵úղԶԣЦ־ԭ֮һΪ̫ǿˣΪں⣬ԭǿľӣڱȫǺѼӣͬʱӦǱߵؼһԭ
Ҵɴ׼ȥһСңΪôһ£Ӯˣ˼˵۸С˾͸Ӷˣ棬̫ԵȣʺҲù˼͢氡
ǣλģֻǸտʼеǻᡣ
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յǱ߿϶ֹһСҡ
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յȣֻҸ˵һЩ뷨Ҫ˵ˣǿɲܴȥ
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Ҿˣհֹһ䣬µĻͲ˵ˣֵǽһļҴƺĳ衣

ڽһ㶣ֻˮʦĸûкĸɼԭںǶôôȤ
յͷʵֻһʼѣ˵ǳ͢һγԣֻ͢ȥ̽һ£ȡóɹԭôĲƸǹô϶ҪߣǲܻػضȥļΪֶΡ׻Ҫع鵽
ȵʱǴƾҪһ֧ǿĺҲ֪ܷɹûҪ͢躣ȥġļУļʿֻʱȵռŹǾ͵ýɢӵоӡʱ͢ԸɹۣͿܽЩʿձΪ
⣬һ㽫һѧԺѧԱȥļһ£ҲУǵȥ߾ߵҲǺ·ںǷǳϤķǳãͽֱΪһ죬⻹ܹѧԺչӾѧԺҵѧԱֱӵһ˲ѧԺ
ƃĿ˸˼£һѧԺѧԱǵĶӡӡ
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ǰƃǾԲϡʲôģϵҰȥ򣬴ŶҪǳŲƸȥģǷǳɹۣؼūֵǮԾسҲȥģȥˣܵ÷һ
մǵĶȥǵȻ͸ãܹ漰е棬ܹԼĶ¾
ǵȻûʲô


1922 ʮĥһ
ȻҪţôĽǷǳбҪģûһ֧ǿĺ֧֣ǿ϶ǲеģļȨͻ䵽еģʵҲӦġ
յķǾ˵Ϊ˽躣ȥ躣Ȼ֪ǷǳҪģֻΪѣǸƳ״ģóľȥѿֻҪʱ죬ӾܹųĻ䡣˵ں֮ҲãҲգֻҪʱ죬ҡһΪ
ǻ˵ԭĹԣʱƵͳӦ̰ͼֵʱΪĺƽս£ҲûɶģӦþ֣˻ŲΪôȻڲ࣬
Ȿԭɡ
ҵĳ֣·¸ԭעһ˷ֱܼŷϵĶ
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Ƕˣ˾͸Ӳö˵ԪţԵǷǳ
Ҳ˵ЩƸһս͵ôģȫ˷𣬷Ǵͳս͢һȫԼնûɶϵֻȥЩƷ˶ԣĺ¡
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ܿ죬ĸԪΪף齨ΪһϺš
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ȺһûˣֱֿۣƤԽԽϲԽԽúÿǽЦ⡣
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ô
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·ƵŶҷ͸ҵģ˵ƵģûԭΪǴ֮ƭҵģѵ˵Ķģ
ɶ
Ƿ׷ͶȥӵĿ⡣


1923 ֻں
յȻ˱˵ģͬҲΪԪĵ׼һҹںյһΪǰһӣһҹ׷޷Ǿպ͸оûǾͳΪΪй£ǾͲȥ׷ʱʱ͵쾪ϲⲻǴΪ˺ǿģʵҲϲġ
ͷԪĵ̫ˣֻ΢Ц˵һллл¶Ҳж
ҲûйϵŮǷ񣬻䵭ǺģһҲսİš
ʱ֡
Ԫĵſںջ΢΢泱죬Ҫšˮˡ
һζ˫ֲϵԪĵţǳһ̣ΪԪĵƤģ⻬ûһ˿覴ãᡣ
Ԫĵڴʱ˿̣ҲǳҪյĸһԪĵ͵͵ۺգأһܣǹһ˿΢ЦȤһЦ
ЦʲôͻȻʵ

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Ů⻰ǧšЦô˵УʲôҲûҪ
鰡
ԪޡԪ壬ʱһصļƤ񣬶ڹøƤ
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ĸжԸӣûн¸ЦֱһγԪĵʱԪĵֵĺܵ紺΢΢һЦһ˲䣬űжģΨѩǷǳͶ룬ĸҡţǳӣŲõЦݣЦݣǺյ˵ܲжô
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Ϸվ⣬ЦֱҡͷߵѾ߶鲻ԽĺǺЦת뿪ˣҲ鲻ԽСѩɣѩɡ


1924 
ںѩǵ⼸죬ѧԺĵһҵѧԱѾȻ£ǽǰݡݡֺأֻȥļģʵϣشΪյƻҪЩ죬ͬʱҪֺ˿ϵȵ
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ΪնڽֵԶԶҪڹֵ̾ģնϺҲûйԱȥǽѧԺͻʼѵӪģˣΪʼҾϵѾ죬ҵõ˳͢Ͱյͬϵ϶Ҫȫռ
ͬʱѧԺǱѾڸ˺ʼѧԺ˽ӪⶼΪǰĽģʽѾ̭ıԵôķչѧԺĽģʽʵʵڵĴǰĴͳôյȻѧԺĿǰһУ˽ƶš
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СŶϲøߡ

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¬ʦ˼˵䲻޵ȥֿأ
յ£ҿֻóȥӰ졣
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Ц˵ַܴϲѿôȻôװ꣬ҪıҵķȾҪıҵ۹⡣ʵԭһֱ׷Ǹšź⾳࣬ǽۡŪõš򵥡һЩͬʱܹϵܺͷ㣬ųôȻЧǣ͸Чһ
¬ʦԡ֣Եͷ
һ¬ʦЦԵĶ죬ķڷϣгһգܹѧ
յǿǲܵģûжʲô飬ôһҵףɲ⴫ġ

ʱһһľ˽еһ
ֱӽӹȻݸ¬ʦԡ
¬ʦ£ʲô
Ц͸ɩɩһ⡣
¬ʦԻǲӣΪʲô
յ»֮ʱɩɩԱչˣѩֶͷɩɩҪٲʾһ£ʳѰ
¬ʦ԰ڰֵûбҪ㵱ʱҲ˳͡
յǳͣ⣬£ɩɩӣҲΪǮп϶Ҳġ
¬ʦԳƬ̣֪ʲô
յרΪɩɩƵļҪҼǮΪҲ֪Ҵֵ֮õĺ
¬ʦԿ֣С
֣Եͷ
¬ʦŴһۣȻҡͷʵ̫ˣҲա
յѵΪҶӻҪ֮ƣϣԼһ⣬Ӧ֪ǮҶԣʵҪһЩ
֣Цŵͷ¬֣ҿ˵Ҳ޵
¬ʦԻԵЩԥΪβԼ͸ӣ
ЦΪ֪ɩɩ϶Ҫġ
¬ʦ˼Ƭ̣Ȼлˡ
ͻȻ֣УΪͻ̸̸ġ
֣΢΢Цв֮ѯ£ǮҲǷǵ׬ɡ
չһЦҾϲٵһЩʱհɡ
֣Цŵͷ
ǸǸϷˣ
˽
ǹһ񣬺ֵ޷޷ҲŸյð
ʦκθĶǱҪڳġ
תת̽һ£θ죬ҪǺսڽֽһЩ뷨
ôøۡôˣЩϧ
תһȦţǸп
ЦҪϲĻԻһ£סøۡĳɽ֡
ÿô
յͷȻ޳ɵġ
ЦŰڰ֣ˣˣϷ޸ܰ
ڸۡתתȥۡ档
һߴţһ˵ܱߺ徲ģΪŪһЩ
ڹϿмⲻ̫װɣ
ʵڴ֮ǰ͢ѾмҲûд㽫̿ڹϡ
ЦǽٸӻʳǰϣһƬնҽôڣȻҲܳŪмҾÿԽһЩķı궼ŵҲӪķΧΪʡ
¬ʦЦŵͷ⵹ǲ
ҲԵͷЦЩ˵ֵ̿춼ڸҹ˴̽Ϣϣ֪Կ̡
֣ȴЩǵõؽֿ᲻Ӱ쵽Ҿһ㻹ǵؿһ£ꡢҲԣΪЩطǷǳģǾ¥ЩǷǳ֣һýֵøӰࡣ
յҵ׷ǿţȫգҵԷչģټϰնԴҲǷǳΪǰһм춼ȥɢĻԸڰյ˵Ҳһ⣬ôѭ͢Ϊ˼룬һ濪һЩͬʱҪƶһ׹ǿԸݸҵ򣬷ҵ򣬾Ͳ̣̯֤ܿ߰ŵͬʱָմȥȻҲܹᳯ͢ĸһ滮͢Խˣ׬Ǯ֪ģڳ⽨ľǿɲǸǸô򵥡
¬ʦЦΪǻʺŵģҿõıȻʺҪð
պǺЦɾҵı£ܹһЩ濪ĵ



1925 龪һ
ռûиɹģҲ˵úķѴǮƣؼͳǶΪմһ㣬ڹΪ˲ôúƣΪʲôƳƾ٣ϣ˶Ϊãȥġ
ǺնԴһµĿҲθǿȻױͳ߸ƣҲͬױ˺ƣ̫ƽʢܻһڳֶңһ׶ˣᱩ¶ţ̾ͻڹȶش˺ˣ֪ƶǷǵģͬʱܹΣ֮ǰȸ͢쾯ӡ
Ϊǿչһ޵ģһޣǾֱ췴ǶˣһʼǻẰۣţⷴ泯͢ԾĹ
ܽһһҰҪȶ
δӦռһǳؼԭ
ǰǴδйģûʲôɲյģֻԼ취϶ۡ
ǰᣬٿҪ飬Ҫ̸£˿ڳУӰúãܹ˹ڳеĵλ
ֿڼǳжԴռۣǿα֮£ĶࡣλҲ֪ʿѧԺѧԺĿαǲһģͬʱѧԺδвɳ͢涨ġТ͢ȻҪ֣ǷӦöԴ˽ͳһвٴΪ͢ӦͳһαҲһЩΪ͢ȻΪΣôͲӦԤ֪ǶԴкο
ﻹǱķ񣬿żɽǲκθ飬˵£û¾ͱ𿪻ᣬʵǳһ㣬ģ˽һҪ󳼣ǲ帮ڵˣ飬飬ǻ㣬ΪʱûǣֻͶãǵΡ
ĹͷϷΪбҪǲͳһα޷жӣңǿƾô죿ѧϰݶһѵƾҲó׿ô
ҾӦͳһαͳһҲڹҵͳһ
յͷλ֮ǾȫѧԺĿαɡ
Ĺ£˵ҿû˼
㻹ǻ룬ҲգһϷɡ̵ƾô˵ҾʿѧԺĿαһЩӦòʿѧԺĿα
չЦһ治֪ةĵ˵⻰ʿѧԺĿαģѧԺô
ЦҲϣʤȺɲܴû
Цһʿ廹˫ر׼˵÷庫ҪʤӴϣǾͽùѪͷ˵ԼǼļ壬ⲻȺûô˵£Ⱥ󲻴û
еֻǾ¶ѣȷǳ㣬Ҳϣ÷庫ĿǰҲһѣҪ˵ƾܹԽӴϣֻԷڰ
λȱۣϷһԡ
Ĺ༱æڵ͢ҪͳһαȻó͢޶α
´֪Ƿ׷׵ͷǴͳƫˡ
ǿɲС
̵ѧԺΪܹõҵֺ֧;ΪӱĿαʦôΨеѧԺĿαܹѧЩѧܹٽиҵķչҲԸҲ˵αѧԺ֮ɳ͢޶ĻѧԺƣܾĹƴֵʿѧԺ
ҲɽʿһֱԼĽв˳࣬䣬δϹǷЩʿѧԺҲûκ塣
Ĺ౻һΣûа취
Ϊߵĳɹû͢
ۺոУһĨЦ⣬˵ͳһαвͨġ
ɫΪͳһαǲڽķչΪҪͳһĻǾͱ볯͢޶ô¼ֻһֿαͱ𲻳αĺûΪûжԱȣû˺͢ŸոռǰҲûⷽľɽģͳһĻôѧԺ֮ͻҶȡ˲ŻиôѧԺŻԽԽãαһĹؼڣõʱαһǰٻţĿαͻᱻ˽õռͺѧԺһӵȿαͻᱻ̭ͺʿѧԺһαһԼˡ
򴽣ĵ컹Ľ
ЦбʦҲɽʿ峤ԭڡ
յͷһбʦ¾µ·ǳΣյģˣڳ͢Ҳ˰
һһͣĹǶ岻ˡ
ǿαһƾָô죿
հڰֵʵƾٹϵ󣬳͢ĿǰƶֻռѣѧԺͲܿƾ٣ѧԺּðӵʳΪ͢ģҲûǿ϶ѧԺǳſƾȥģͺʿѧԺֻҪͿ϶йӦģõģвŻˣˡң͢Ҳ̫ѧЩѧڵõ˻Ľ;Ȼͻ취̫ѧ졣ռܹΪ̫ѧԺѧ
´ǲͳһαֻ»˼ϵķѣɲڹҵͳһ
յͷ⵹ģҪΪΣ͢ǲΪΪģ֮ǰǾͶԴ۹αǾֵ飬ǾͿԽ˶¹أαҪɶݣٵݣͲܹ飬ǽݸıΪ£Ϊʫ裬˼һҪڵģͳһ˼룬ָɡ
ӵͷ֮޳ô
ʽܡ֪š¬ʦҲ׷׵ͷⶼΪѧԺɹȣ˼ҿαԼ޶ģ˴ͳҵõ˴ҵͬһִ£һ־ʶģ͢ûƾʲô˵͢ͱѧԺúã˵ĹݵĴѧʿʿѧԺΪʲôʧˡ
ЦҲ֮ߣܹһЩìܣܹ᳹͢ţŷ
ĹҲԵ˵ͷҪҲûʲô飬ǽһѧǾû⣬ռ£һƷģʽ˵ġյ飬ó͢ѧϰҸֻǸոտʼҲĽ׶Σֽ׶ûǶԪչͷһȾ϶·һһ·ֻ
ֵ⻹м£巽͢һ£鳯͢˽֡
˻һΪ֮һ㶣˵ãѧԺİ֣巽ѡҲοһ¾ˣõ˵ô
⼸Ůˡ
Ůˣ
ͬ
ֱóһ巽£ǿ
Ĺ˹ǲûпֿǳ͢³ĹǶʽԱôŮ˵١
ˣΪ巽˵ҲеѧԺȡĳɹŮ˵ŬܲɷֵĹϵҲŮ˴зشáЩŮ˶Ǿḻʦڽĵãǵ³йԱǷȱģռȻΪ˰գΪ˹ңֺαطŮأ
Ĺ̵ϳҲףԹûŮΪٵȻĵĲ˵Ů˻ô죿͢ôʹŮ˲׼ΪٵǲԤġ
ʽҲҲ޳ô֮ƶռߣڴʱŮΪ٣ֻֻµۣڳ͢ռ˱ĩ֮١
´Ҽһ·ԡ
Ƿǹٷ£ȫȫɳ͢ģʽģΪʲôûнʽĳ͢Ϊ׼ŮΪô
΢΢ۺա
յȻ֪ĿģϣŮ˵٣ȻŮܹ٣ôŮ˾ܹʵۣԸδṩһǳõɣŮ˵ʱ϶֧ģ巽һ̫ˣ巽ûôࡣ
巽֮һ£ҪΪô꣬ڸŮ˹£Ҳı˶Ů˵ĿΪŮȷʵһ棬ȽģϸģദȽףձѧϲŮʦôġ
ǣȨᣬ϶ǿ˵һᱻģǵʽ˵÷ǳԣôһ㣬ռͱңңڣӮֿɾͿˡ
Ȩһ֮󣬵Ҿȷð޷Ԥأ巽ô飬ȻҲĵڣּ͢ΪΪΪҿɣ֧͢һڸֵĽЭᣬΪѧԺ볯͢мһҲֵܹ͢һЩѹܹʱӦı׶ˣܹ͢ȡǵЩ飬˳ֱ͢վڰյĶ棬ЩܹͨЭȥЭͬʱܹ໥ල
ĹͷǿС
Ҳ˼Եͷ
һĨʧԭΪָոճûɶȨͳȨŰϱߣ϶ӵģôԳûŮ˰ŽⲻǺսģɾӣһƣԾͨǺҲûվߣҲֻ˶Ρ
ҲԿ뺫ϵĲ죬ǽǿ׼ݣУֻҪлϣһ£ԥǺվͱȽ콥¶ҪһλܳסҲΪʲôĽױҲɣΪĽҪżһԣǾ
У͢ԶǵߣôؾͱȽϴ
ⶼǵĳɹ֮һǲߵ죬֮ȻҪһʲôУ͹ˡ
ҲΪʲôﵱ帮ڵˣΪںܶ·棬磬̫棬ҪúڻڽŷĹ
˴Žⷲ¿ͷѣûнֻܲȥۡ
ճǵһپͼææ˹ñְڴ˵Ⱥ֮󣬸Ͻȥһ
£ǲǷѩأ
ǽٳһ£Ǻйء
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ѩѩ
ֱӿϵֿѩԺӣһţһ߽ĺš
Ժڣֻ˼ګ¡ԪĵϷˡ򡢺ﶼվԺڡ
ˣ
̳˹һѱסȣС죬һµĿźգǻ˳
һԵĺҲǲϵĨ۾
տӡŮģɫ৵һ£òҰף̧ͷºԪĵ˫־ҵĲ
ԪĵæǰȲҪ̫ģѩµġ
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ѩ
ռһ̾ȥ
˼ګæסǸʲôĿǰ¬Σȥܰʲôæʵš
ǡˣ
պݺݶ½ţô
Ƴ֮󣬵ڶظе˵ضΪѩһؾؼҵ£ʱҲΪˮѾۿдת
һ
ҶѰȥֻϷŹȣѩСĵ⼪࣬ѩһµġ
ǣ࣬ࡣ
һĵͷͦĺգһ̣ҲĬĬ
ʱһ˽ү¬ɡةˡ
¬ʦԣ
һæǽ
һֻ¬ʦԡС˽
С磬ôأ
¬ʦԣȥ
¬ʦһ㶣ⲻʣˡ
ռ죬ʲôʲʵģ˵ʾͺʡ
˵ʣ治һʡ
¬ʦԵûЩɡ
ʱֻٵǷô
ʦãô
Խһ𣿡
¬ʦԻǺܾᣬ⡭⡭
Ǻ޲һ¬ʦԣקߡ
ڣֻĺ顣
ռе¬ˣ
С磬Եһ¡
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ɵվһԣּæҵ¬ʦʵô
¬ʦ΢΢üȻЩأǾԣӦܹȻġ
Ȼ
ֻһת
¬ʦԼæźա
ƿҡ˫סȥֹӣӣƨӽҲҪˡ
һһ룬ںգÿǼ尾
ȿȿȣ
Ȼ䣬һ
ɫһϲѩ
ȥ¬ʦһסЦȻѾûʲô󰭣ٵһɡ
𣿡
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洫һ
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ֹһһĨźһ˳ЦѾûˣԽȥǲҪ̫ãڻ
лл
ռֱͷﶼЩȻȥ
¬ʦ٣Сʵ۲ۣ
ҡҡͷȻƣȴĿĵ΢Цҿˡ
ڣֻѩڴϣɫ԰ףͷһۡ
գ
ѩˣ΢΢̧
ռæǰѩ֣
ѩŵգҺ£Ҳˡ
Ҳ鲻ԽȴôܣǿԼõҪͷϣ㱣֤һΣҾ֡
ʱٱһСӤ˽
ӣҵĺӣҿ
ѩСӤʱüѣողֱӻ˹ȥûмĺӡ
СĽӷѩ
ѩԼĺӣϲˮһжֵõġ
ջһЦԣ˿ӤЦ㿴ӣ
ѩ¶ĵЦݣҲ˵յģ˰죬Ҳûҵգ԰׵ˣŵ㿴ͷͦġ
һʵ֪ĺӶ̫գ붼ǰҲûȥͣΪʲô
ʱʱˣֵˡ
Сӡ
СӤǧһ
ѩæǿɲС
ղΪʲô
㲻ô



1926 ֪
龪һ
оգ
ղôΪʶĿǰҽʵһֶĲֻˣûд߶ѩ
ľǺܿµһ£°
ѩ廹ǳҪϢʴ˺սʱϷڳ֪Ϸ˵ĵĿɲ١
ȻϷ˼ѩʱˮ
ĵ˳ȥ
ˣ˵úܶԣ
ݣͻȻµ֡
£漴˵ǶԵģ֪˵һ䣿
ЦŵͷֵˣҺһӡ
һ㵣ֻЩĪ֪λӦǿһԪĵ
ԪĵЦǱŻˡ

ռᶨҡҡͷǾ˼ǹģʵܹȢѾĪĶͣ͸СһļңѾǳ֪ˡ˽һ˵ûг䣬ҲܶһûС飬Ϊȥһ飬еʧȥǵķգҾǲģҲûܣյǱһС
Ԫĵüһ壬˶ſ֦ɢҶ
˵꣬ձ˵һ˽ľÿ˵˼붼ͬЩΪֵãҲЩΪֵãǸûһУʱҲߣֻ˵ۣˣģʱҶѾҪˣûٳһأҾܾ
Ԫĵһۡ΢΢Ц˵ɡ
ԪĵҲЦŵͷ
̫лλ˵½⡣ֵǲ鲻Ļǵ
Ԫĵ㵵ʲô
ºݺݵ˺һۣĵ㣬ʲôô
ԪĵʱӦΣһ
ȴǺٺֱЦ
ȻմûиܵϲãǺ£ѩһ֮Ƿǳˣǻִͳ˼룬Ů˱ΪŮ޺ĻǷǳģ˼Ǹٹ̵ģѩ㲻ޣǾ͸Ϊҿ֦ɢҶ
ѩڰﺫ˸ӣҲǳһ
Ϸ˻԰СȡΪ٤֡
ȻǺҪģΪȡ£ҲǡСաˮƽ
ϷԼҲǳԸ⣬֮УϲѩⰮݼڣټ
Ϸȡ٤֡˼һһԴڵ̣ȡģŷģҷǳϣҪƽ⣬⡰٤֡Դڷ̡٤ڷҵ˼Ǽӳ֣Ϸ˾ϣ身٤ǻۡұΪӳҲб˼ԸϣѩܹϣȻΪıӣϣӸҽ²֮Ե
ն⵹νֻҪʲôˡ
δȺյƽǱִϢڵõһӤ
Ϣֱ˻ˣܵܺСҰǾ׵ܵܣֻѩҪ飬ȥܵܣһ
ڶ磬͸ȥ˱
磬ˣ
ܼܵˣԵǼ伤̫ҪշԼĿ֡
Цϲϲ
ܵܵͬϲͬϲٺ٣磬ǵĶӿͬͬͬġ
ѽ㲻˵һû뵽硣ҲԼֵԵµĹȹЩ죬ѩöָٺúʹһ޹顣
УһҪȵġֱܵͷڽʲôܾġ
ͻȻһԵСҰСҰӿҪˡ
СҰͷɵЦš
յЦѽ˵˵ҲͻҺС˵˵
СҰɫ磬Ҵһˡ
£Ϊʲô
СҰϣܹĸ׺ʦļ֤£ɻ顣
Ƿǳᶨ̹ȻǰڰûʲôʶںաСǵĶ෬㲦£Ҳ˼£һӵˣֻҪˣͻȥԣΪûȻϲģΪּȵˣΨƶľ񣬲ܹ
㶣ССʧУܿСҰļЦСӿǿˣ֧㡣
ܹܵЦСҰҾ˵˰ɣһ֧ġ
СҰҲǿĵЦЦ
ʵСҰԣոܵΨһˣĸ׺ʦеĵλ˿ɳԽġټҲϲСһٰһֵĻݣǸɽɻ飬ԣǷ
̾ʵҪлᣬҸСһȥǾֻȷʵ鲻
ܵҲֱͷʵݵģҲõȶӳһЩӤ·ڹŴǷǳµģҲСҰ
СҰЦˣȻһʹһ
յãһΪ
һΪ
ֳܵܵι㻹ȥСС֡
ԣСС֣㶼ˣߡ
ܼܵĴźպСҰԷݣȻССִ汧˳
̽ͷȥֻССֻǰװֵģȺӳҪһЩСмƣٸãʱҧָСۣҲ֪˯ѡ
磬Ҷӿɰôܵ۾Цûˡ
յͷɰ

ܵܿЦ
ۣ
ȻССͻȻ۵һ
̴õķŭС֣ôЦôӲųһ첻Ρ
ܵܶʱˣæǸǸҡһʱûס磬ӿֻܹס
ЦǺǵ㻹챧ȥ
ŶŶŶ
ܵСĽССָ˽ȥ
СҰˣôûпǣ
СҰǶæһޣŸջȥϢСһ޿ɶû˯
Ц˯Ҳ˯š
ˣ
Ȼһ
С֣

ЦЩ
֨ѽһ˽Сո磬ˣ˵ѩһӣǱ˫ϲţϲϲ
ллЦڲܽСո磬ҪҺ硣
һ㶣漴Ӧ󣬲ϸһΣɬСҰȴǰĽͿġ
һֱǳңԼѡСҰΪСҰСʱݣ۾ִ󣬿Щ֣񳤳֮ǾǱ׼˧磬ؼСҰ˫ȫֻƽʱ͵Ĳٵ͵ˣûע⵽ҲǺ֪ģСҰԽ˽ͻϲ
ǶվһҲƵһˣҲǴΪеˡ
˵䣬ܵ˳Ĩźûбѵ
ʱ˵Сָ磬Ǯƹƹˡ

ܵһ㶣ֵŶҵȻͳ
˵ʱһƣ̬ЦȥϢһȥкǣȳԷʱٳкǡ
ܵһϲǾͶлˡ
Ųտġ
յͷߵǵüӽһ㣬ҪȻʱӿɾ͵ùһˣˡ
ߺ죬
չһЦ
ͲСһô
ִõıԹ
ǸǸ
յһΣǱ˳ȥ
ܵܡСҰЦ

С磡
ǮǼ˳סˡ
ЦСһδ˯Ϣҹæдǡ
ңҡ
Ǯֵ֣ΪСһӣǿϲɺѽǷŻţʲôʱϹ󸮵ˡ
ЦллٹЩ죬ڵһ¥ǳԷ
ǿɵźСϲơ
˵˵
ûһ֡Ҳˡ
ܵܵĵλǿǽȣΪҪˮͷܾܵǲϼϺţֻܸС̸ּڵ֪˸ӣ̾͸˹
֪ſգ˫ϲŰ
ȥˣΪһֱǵߣ˵䣬Ϻ棬¶棬ղ˵ϼ䣬ûеףʴǺҺ̸̸¡
ʧʧٶȹ꣬Ȼͽ⳶Ϻ档
׼ĿһɨЦλΪҺóʲô
ֵǵȻ

յͬҲܳɹԣһô
ֶʱһεĿźգȴ
յóʵǹһ˵ó
ǣǡҪûкС磬ҴƲͱˡǮͷ
ִӦ˵Ҫûб£ͱˡ
ŶԶԶԣΪµӢ䡭
յαĴ֮󣬲ŵ̡
ƵС磬˵òһ°ɣ
յôһ£㣬ŹҴƹô
ڻ顣
ⲻͽˡյóǹֲҴƹܣǻңҪôشǡ
ܿ׹
֮⣬˵ҴƹܣۣҲ˵֧ȥ
ºջĲ÷ԣϾų͢͢ԴһֱǱ̬ܿȣǺòײŴסգܾôŹ̸
һ¡ԪĵҲ
Ҳˡ
һ±÷ǳ
ֱӽԿ뵽¥ںԺŮڳռǴϯʱ׼ұҪġ
󣬴ͻȥ֮󣬺սɣľе
ɣľĿǰʽܹҲô
ɣľ£⵱Ȼԣ֪Ǵ㡭
յҪһ𡣡


1927 
𣿡
ɣľЩ±ƣʲô˼
ս͵գѩڷʱǳΣգˣŴ˹˽⣬Ů˶ǾһŹأΪܹ似
ɣľ㶣ºѰɣ
ҵȻ֪ǳѡյͷֵֻһҲǺѽڴ֮ǰҲǮȥһЩƲ̫ӯ£ȴõ˷ĻرΪֻԽãЩ˲ܹã׬ôǮҲӦȥᡣ
ɣľȻǲ̫ףǮҲ࣬ͷһ̽Ǯ׼õġ
ʵз棬һֱǷǳ󷽵ģΪֻǮ˲ԸΪ򵥵ģԸ⣬Ҳ˼˼зǲתģҪܳܳһʱգҪܶܶǮҿܻòɹǺ֪ⷽҪԣһֱڲһϵ
ټеǮֲ뽫ǮȥͶʣڵĻѾʼҵתڣҪӯֻ棬ʵ̫ǰˣ˼Ҳ治ˣ͢ڣҵܶ˶ܹ档
ټԼҵ˿϶治ģĲ¢ҵݵ֣ôʱƸһֻ͢ңҲһҵϵҲֻнǮͶ뵽з֮УϻǱһԭ򣬾˼治ģȥ档
ܵ͵ĳ˷ᣬ˵ټᣬͬʱһЩḻУڲš
û̫˵ĹעΪֶ̫Ʈˣܶ˶֪ʲô˼ֻС־һᣬֻһСѣյĿ⻹Ǽռ档
ھε֮󣬽ʽ巽ʽѧԺԺΪ־ֳ͢ƷְҪ֪ǰŰƷ
ܶĽԭʦĿԵ١
ڳĵգͰ䲼һϵеĽ
һ㣬ȻǺ˼룬Ҳռ
һȫռ˵СС֡
͢Ĺ涨ݸ뽨ҪѧԺݱ뽨ѧԺңһҡ
ѧԺģԵݸڵĳ˿Ϊ׼ȱܣΪ̫ɢÿȥһѧԺ͢ҲҲĺܵж飬ĿǰĽͨⲻ̫ʵʵҲҪƶзչΪǷǳ˵ġ
õĻ͵طݸ̯мݸʳΪ˷ʵ̫ˣЩûкӵأͻڵأ츣ذգȵȯռ֮㡣
ҵĳУҪġ
ڳݡݣԼ˺һ͢ӲԹ涨ǱҪѧԺģѧԺģΪ׼㣬ѧԺĽɵ˳ʣαʦĹʣɵصӡ˰
ڽ֧ҪԾ塣
ЩѧԺжҲҪѧѵģǷǳǳͣһѧѴʮǮҡ
ΪҪȫѣҲϧġ
ǿαѧģҪȥġ
ΣȷϵҰ䲼̿ѡȡƶȣ͢ӡˢ̿飬ɳ͢ʵѧԺҲҪ͢ɹǽ̿磬ȥעᣬȡʸ񣬲ܹ̿飬ݶҪֵˡ
󣬹˽ӪѧԺķչ˽Ӫ϶Ǯ˵ģû˽ӪĻҲȥ͢ѧԺ飬͢͸
Ϊ˹˽ӪΪ˹͢䲼һϵеĸߣķıֽš鼮ȵйؽһнףȫӡ˰˰
Ϊ˰Ļɱ͵ͣôռʹ˲ŻԸͶʽ
ңʦʸֱ֣Ϊ١
治ǿտƾ巽Ѿ֤һ㡣
ͬʱ֧͢Эᣬ͢ռ
ڵڶսЭͳˣѧԺʿѧԺϳģѩʹӨӨΪ᳤͸᳤Ǻ˼ģѧԺ϶ҪռģΪѧԺģԶʿѧԺҪö࣬ȽʿѧԺȲ
ѧԺѩ᳤ʿѧԺǱ߱һЩʿģһԷѩЩʿû뷨ǲܵģӨӨȻһֱڰѧԺǴ޼ҵˣɽʿͽӨӨȥŪŮˣҲŪŮˣ˲ŲԸŮ֮¡
Ů˾ƿ˽Эᡣ
ҲҪŮ˵ĵλôΪԼʲôŮȨ廹ûγɣϿҲ
ڽ̿Ļ͢ϵľֻңѧԺʿѧԺרŸƶ̿İס
һϵе߰䲼֮󣬴ƵĽǷԾʽķչһӾҪӳɰǧѧԺǴ̤ǰ
ʵǵӡ˰Ϊӡ˰¸ز붼ӣӶʳ;ȫ˵˷ѵĻ͢ЩԲվǼƻһǮҵȥ
İŴϢǷڣڳѾܱܵ߻ı仯ʶֵ˺Ͳʶֵˣ֮ƨɾԴ齫ܹ׬ǮôǶڶǳǰΪ˵٣յ˼뿪ʼת䣬Ϊ׬ǮΪˡ
ֱӵ½걨ʦʸ֤ʮҲӳһ㣬ݡݡݡݣб˾ԴЩǵĹԱԼһЩĿ
ΪѧԺа˽ѧԺڵʦҪǷǳߵģʦһҪʮ£ϵĶҪΪʹӰ죬ѧԺ·̫ԡҪ֪йԹΪѧԺǷУЩǳ
ͬʱʿѧԺҲʼڳﱸѧԺ
ʿѧԺһֱî˾ڸѧԺǰûӮɽʿ޹⣬óһؽţǲ䣬ѧԺͬѧԺǸ˺ʿѧԺǸʿǮûʣҺһǳʿ塣
ΪʿѧԺǴ¬֣Ĵ彨ģֳʿ壬Ͳ̫ϲһ飬ʦһɫʿ壬ֻǽŮΪʦĹ۵㣬Ů˶ɳ
ѧƣǮͿ飬廹ʿ塣
ǵƣǴҪƵĻûţͻǱѧԺѹס
Ȼ˶ûעЩȫﱸţѾ࣬ΪĲƸ̼ÿһˣϣٳȫԭţ涼Ҫ˼ɵ͢˼ܱìܣǾν
ǵͼгӰ죬ǽϡء
ϾͲö˵ԴΣ֮ݵҵѾ£ųϵЩ귢չҲһЩģǴʳûȥϵּǳûȥ͵Ҫţͱ빺ЩԴڳĻͻȥϷ
˾ֱӴӵعϰʽ˹ȥ⽭гӭһֵķϵ͸˵ϴЦˣҲһ֮أΪһŵĴ֣Ҫ֪ϵ۲Ǯһ֮һ˫ǳġ
ͬʱݡ˿ʼ£ͶϵǹݣΪǱиۿڣݡݵɾ˻֪ԺЩ춼ΪгǱ߿ûʲôҵʲô˿񣬵ҵ׷פݡ
ˣ͢һЩȥΪƵ붼ǸԼ죬ûôЩ㲻ˣԳ֮͢ƤףĹģùԼȥףֻ͢󡢼ǹ
Ȼ䣬ƺٽһģı
ǴҶûԤƵģߵıʲôߡ
ҵģҵչض໥ϵһһߣܹӰ쵽гСũᣬʲô߶ᷢôı仯ʵСũػҲߣһ˰˰


һ޼ʵĺϣҷ˳żǰʻš
㿴ǱԪռĵ졣
ԪװǰĿȥɼԶһ½أǳһչһ¸첲ϣǵˣڴϴˣǱûš˵ţֻعͷȥĴƽٵϴޣˣϾҪˣҿɲ뱳ȥ
˯
˵գƽתȥ˯
Ԫճӵȥ˸Ҷȥι㡣
⻰ȻŲϺԪձôһˣЩԥ治֪⻰Ǽ١
Ԫյ㶼Ǳȶȥһ£Ȼô
С
˭Υ쵰
ʲô
ƽͻȻԪյǺڸһ
Ԫպߵұڣ˺Ⱦƣ˯Ҳ죬Ҫã


1928 Ϊζս
ʵԪտһƬ½أεѾԪݣֻǻ֪ǵ½ĵصǺɲǺռƻΪԪǶɺģһȻۿڣǵȻѡ￿ң֧ԮҲǴǵȻѡΪӪɽˡ
ɼһУˡ
ֻ˳Уûеġ

塭
Ԫ쳿ԮʱǷǳģǵԪմӴʱ򣬵ɵˣΪҪģܻͨԪ쳲֪ԪջԪʱ֪ǿֵѾͷˡ
塣
ƽٴӺ˳Ц
ԪһæԪ쳼塣
ԪһĴһ£Ԫǻ쵰أ

Ԫ쳳Ƭ̣Ԫ֪ˡ
ԪյҲ˵ûб˿˫ȣ
ԪҡҡͷǵûУԪȻܵ˲ᣬѾȬˡ
Ԫֳ̾һźǷŹôģȶûпϣ˸еź
Ԫͨ죬
ԪֿԪ쳣ǰôǵģù򣬴򲻹͸ϽܣҰ޶֪ôɼ磬ӮϴգԪҵɶǸˡ
ԪΨΨĵͷѵǣֶ֪ˡ
ƽͻȻķ羰ͦģȥɡ
ǡ
Ԫ쳼æͷϽĿ۴ƽ١
ʲôǡԪտŴƽٵ˵ϴޣ羰ô
ƽٵҾͻһ˵ɣϤһĵƣϾ̵ġ
⻹ࡣ
ԪյͷֳԪ쳵·
壬壬롣
Ԫ쳸Ͻ·ǽп಻ôôһħ˰ָϽߵһʹʹɫ
ᣬȥȻС·ϽȥͨԪܡ
ƽȻǰͷһȴ죬ֻ⵺һƬ̣͵ũҿȥͳһũׯ˳ӹũиɻտգÿһгȺɹͷطǲ
ԪҲĴ۲ţʵѯһ£⸽ûʲôҰޣñϣһֱûʡ
еúһǴһƬȽɢ֣һǳĵشⲻƸոտӦúǰסмһǳɽկľͷɵģҷֺϽģƽȣΰһƳĽɽկΪģܱһСӪʣ洦ɼֳֳìսʿƤڣİСܽʵ˶Ȼ·Ҳ޵Ƿǳƽ
ƽЦǽѽ
ԪպߵҲвԭǿɾסֵط
ԪΨΨĵͷѵǡ
ģȷʵĲƽûĵԪһֵۣǾͲŪһЩ·Ǵô˵ҲˣҿһЩŮҲǳģ˷绯
Ԫε壬·Ƕ÷ŹǱ߸ôҲѾϰˣʱǾġ
Ԫյ˵ϴޣʲôʱں¹أ
ƽٵǲںЩҲŮ壬ɺͳ
Ԫմֵҵʲô⣬ЩŮ˳ôѿôڣҲûɶν
ƽҡҡͷȥ
˸ոɽկǰֻһӰĳ˳
Ԫ˭
塭塭
Ԫһ̧ͷȻԪգɫųɫ
˻ܹСӡ
ԪչһЦһԪܵļϡ
⿴ƲһƣûнԪܸĹ£ҧĺ˳վǿ¶Ц壬أ
Ԫ̾үүʬû뵽㻹ģǰһˣ
䣬ɫһ䣬ĿԪܣȻҡڵ˽ȥ
ԪģϽ͵͵Ԫ쳣ԪҲһЦ
ԪղŲὲֱկһ¡
ԪܸϽԸ˽ơˮϡ
ֻʮµŮ˽ЩŮ澱ЩŮ˻Ҫÿ٣ʮ꣬ģ㣬ɫȻȽϺڣ͸źĲߣǷǳԲ󡢱Ǳһ飬ؼ·ȽϿɣǰǴǾɡ
ЩŮ澽֮󣬾͹Ԫԣ̣ʵˮζľ⡣
Ҳ˶ôѽԪ£ֳԪǵСӻǻܰ
ԪܺٺֱЦ۳Ͷ٣ҪСֶȽмŮ󡣡
ԪЩĶڴϣ첲ȷʵЩᡣ
ǴƽǺܲϰֳ棬һֱǶӣͲϲź򣬽õ˳һˮȻԪܣ°ɣҪܵĻҲ
Ŷ
ԪӦţȴԪա
Ԫտ۴ƽ٣ԥΣҲƸõ°ɡ
ԪܸϽЩŮ¡
ԪǺݺݹһھƽȥ˽ʣȻһﲻĿԪܺԪ쳡
ԪܺԪ쳹ԵöƵãǼţҴ
Ԫ̾ҶôˣǧɽܵúյĻ˵ƨɵģԪҪ䵽ҿҲܹڸ갡
Ԫۿһ죬ᶼͷ壬ԼΡ
ԪҲֱͷ
ԪսƲһȥƶԸ࿴һۣȴЦ⡣
ƽ˾ǳԪǣϾںô죬ľйĵģЦʤ˱ҳ£ҲΪ˸е黳űá˵˶٣ֺ֮ǰ˵ʮΣƺδܵΣС
ԪæŹʱһ֧ӽѾǸˡ
Ԫɫһʲô͡Ѿأ
Ԫܴ㵵ĵͷ
Ԫ쳵ֻӹģҿӦֻ̽Եġ
ô
Ԫɫһϲ
ԪҲ㵵ĵͷ
оԪյֵֹġ
ԪƺҲԼЩʧ̬ȼҵʶһ⵺ϵҰЩôֶΡ
̵ģѾˣģǰһˡ
ԪЦЩҰˣĶ֣ʵүүҪŪǾˡ
ǡ
ԪոһڣȻһԴƽ٣תҲô˵˵ţֿƽٵϴޣʲô飿
ƽٵ֪֪ˣܰսʤ֪θжϡ
Ԫ쳸Ͻǵ֪˴ƽ٣Ŀǰоǧһ໧
Ԫղϲôһˣ
Ԫ쳵ǲֹôһ㣬طǴ֡ɽغ͵죬·ͨЩ㵽棬Ҳûа취õĵطɶңǻȥū
ƽȴȻ࣬Ǳǵʱ򣬿Ҳ٣ͳģ
ԪܹһЦ壬Ҫ˵¶š
ƽŶһ㵹˵
ԪܵʱﶼһЩǸտʼԼ˶࣬ͦŵģҪǸϳȥһ̣ҷֻҪǵһʣµ˾Ͳ֪ô죬֪֯ǻֻܸǡ
Ԫյ㻹ûдŻȥţ
ԪգգۣĬĬĴͷȥ
ԪֵػǺõأûɶɶҪﵾһأԲֻ꣬ȥơ
𣿡
ƽ΢΢üⲻһǺ°
Ԫ쳵⻰Ǻ⣿
ƽٵսĸԭ棬Σ̰ñһ˵ˣһȥ˵ʳôã㲻ҲŶӣǾͲҪսҲ˵ǵսһԭʿΪؼǣһ֧֪Ϊζսľӣսʤ˵ģټϣ˵ҪҪöࡣ
Ԫܵ˼ԷΪ
ƽҡͷЦҪѰԷս
Ԫյ½ϡ
ƽٵͷںԷսںսĻҶ·ˣܹЩʿǻʶǷսΣܹ˱ƣͬʱǿսƣܹںԷǾܹ֤ڲ֮أڵ½սĻ֮ÿԭǱߵ֧ԮǾ½ġ
ԪպǺǵҿǵõ˱ţʱһٽģҪǣǰѡһĹǡ


1929 ûͬ
ڳһЩ֮⣬ʵû̫˹עϺ£Ϊԭ̫ҵĿ⣬׵ľǽչĿģǾѧԺͻʼѵӪǼͷƤҲѧԺǰƾٻҪһЩ
˶ڲʼѵӪʱ򣬺ܶ˶Դ֮ԱǣʱѧǿɵУĻ൱ϸΪ˶ˣǵȻŶȡ֮
ǽ¿ľѧԺֱɵۣһ㣬¹壬һ㣬ûκ뷨ûȥȡġ
ⷴһѾٺܶľ¹弯ţһЩҸȼļ󣬶¹弯ţǹ¤еľ¹塣
¹弯ʵҲǹ¤ŵĺڣ¼ҡԪҡңңȫǳ¹弯š弯Ѿٺܶ꣬޼ʱ¤ŶѾĳ쵼ģĴͳ˧Уûмǳŵģͳ˧Уһ˶ûУͲųģеĹ壬ǾǾ¹壬ȻѾࡢ٣ձ󣬱˾¼ŵӵܣǾʸģɼҲǵҫһǳĹ̡
ˣյҲڷһޱ䣬˭пȥǧ֮¡
Ǽڣǳ˶ֵϣڻҵĴ̼£ҲΪһϰߣʲôϽֹ
Ĺͺ´ҲԼȥתתʲôģѾˣҲܹһ¡
ţʲô㰡
´ͻȻͣ½Ų
ĹѰ㿴ȥʲôʱһҾ
´֮⻹Ҳȥɡ
롣
롣
˸ոǰһλƱӭӭ˽ȥ
ֻ涼ҪŪλֻ࣬ڽ档
λ͹һЩʲô
ʲôóԵģ
ǵóԣĪǶƵĿѼ㿴Ͽɶˣλ͹ٿֻȳʡ
ԭǿѼζ´ЦŵͷУֻһơ
ϣ
һ⿾Ѽˡ
Ĺࡢ´һ߳ţһߵͷޡ
Ĺ಻ǾƱʵ⿾Ѽζǰôûó
ǾƱЦ͹֪Ķݣкܶ˶ûгԹ
ݣ
ĹЩȣ⿪꿪Ҳ߯Զ˰ɡ
ǾƱЦ͹٣ûɶɾȵģͨܵ궼ӹпȥˡ
ǵҲǡĹЦŵͷ
ǾƱ뿪֮󣬺´˵ûдѽҵĻȷںϣϱ߿ûôе
ĹวͷǺ£̫һңͻݡ
Ÿһ˵˵ؾ½ڣٰ֮
ɲôҪҪԶҪȥ͵ȥУҪôȥУ߻Ѿˣ÷ţжԣʵ̫ˡ
ѽǷϾҪһ꣬ԺǷͿɾͷˡ
ҿںԼԡ
˶ȥɻпԡ

´ԣпԭԹΪҲѽ񳤰˿ǳǰҹأǵƻַͨǷǷҪ࣬ǳ
Ĺͷ˶Ϊп¡еƣȷѽǵǰգڼд£д÷ǳͶʱͻȻûֽˣʱѾҹк꣬ԭΪǵõдӸߣһֽ꣬һͽֽˡ
´̾벻һĶǵҲ֮ôĸı䡣
˵òȻڽ軹δ깤ǰյѾ֮ı䣬һٶңǶһЩС棬ϢϢأǳ͢ⰲŵģؽֿУǱҪҪڳ͢Ĺ滮֮ڣвδ˶˥䣬øӷ٣ΪܶƷƷֻȥй򣬲Ҵ¥ҲȫУлǳ֡ҵġ
ҲվΪ϶ͻ̼ѣӣ͸Żӣһѭ
Թ֮Ĺࡢ´óһЩȯǮΪƳϵĻҲǷֲƣͣĻҳųԷAAƣˣ֮ˮ
ճ⣬սֵϵİգͻȻ·ҴңҶǱС
ͬʱĿˣҲ첽˳ֱжȥ
С磬ȥʲô
Ĺĺ棬ǽסһմӵʵ
æȥп

´ͻȻһһֿԸ׼ȷʱĹߣİӡ
ҲŴ¡
ĹҲȥɡ
롣
ȵʱһȥֻܹ֣վһǰͷȥ
ԼĪʮ֮ߣһɽСһ޴İɫԲ̣һɫָ룬ڰ䣬˿÷ǳ
Ĺྪȵʱһôߵ
´ҡҡͷҲǺ
һƱЦλ֪ѽ¾޽ˣ˵ǣУҲоǳ졣
ô죿
ˣͷǮʲô찡˵ǹƵģǷ¥ĽŶӽģܲô
ԭˡ
Ĺͷ
ǻǴͳˣڷ첻ôȤȻ˵£Ҳûȥ˽⡣
˵䣬һ
ˣˣˣ
Ⱥжʱһ󻶺ÿ˶Ե÷ǳ
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Ĺһô£
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Ĺҡҡͷ
ǾƱָԲ̵λ͹뿴ӣʱָָϷͱʾ絽ˣîʱ硢ʱңⲻãûشģˡ
˵üɫ裬ܶĶð˳ЩԴ˶ǷǳȤ
Ĺͷԭˡ
¥棬ֻһСȺųзεĸվ̨໥ֵء
ϼ֣İϲϲ
лл
ϼ֣İгҲŪһΣǮһˡ
ðܹҲܿĵط
˵˵
ָЦĴ⡣
ǮȫģѪһˣҪͼĻȻôİ{ͻδγƷֵΪ̫һ㣬ɱҲǷǳߵģ֪޾󣬶Ʒǳ£Ҫƹİӣһ㣬ǵðӦİӣϤӣ벻ȵƷ֮ǴҾͶ
ȻҲȻĻ޲ô졣
մʱδոԪĵȥֳֳʵˮ೧ϣΪϱһڡ
̫ʷǿֶ
һƵϹżСֱֶݸ硢աԪĵ
ſ˿֡
һԵԪĵôأ
ֱ֪ԺĸֿҪòٰ
Ԫĵϲô
ϾרҵʿԴһҲϤ
ϹóһֶˣԺĸֶ㿴
һԱȣԣոĸ֣Ҫࡣ
տĵЦԺʿкܴͻư
Ϲæ¹ԭǲδɶͻƣ豸ǸԺһûκҲ֪ΪʲôҪһЩ
Բһ㵡
£
ԪĵͻȻǲΪúԭ򣬻ǿʯԭıǴġ
ϹʵԺҲݵúˣصúǶԹЩĸ֣ȷҪò٣Ҳںô࣬Ӧòⷽ⡣
ѽ
ϹֵѵǸֳйأΨһͬġ
ڰֵⲻܣȻԭ϶һģ϶ǳұĹУȥɡ
Ϲұߡ
תһȦ¯ϣüͷ̸ֵ֣Ժûʲôͬ
ͻȻǹķҿһ㲻һ
æʵʲôһ
ߵķԣǲķͣһͣ
ǹæͣ
ǿ
ָŹķǰ
ĿȥɼһŰɫĻҳ
ͻȻ˫Ŀһѵǡ
̵ȥǱ˵ɡ
΢΢һ漴ͷ
һߡ
ԪĵһǷǻʲô˼
ָŷڴܾԭ򡣡
Ԫĵһ棬ģûʲôһǲס
縧Цʯҡ
ʯң

յͷֳˮ೧ϣƽտ϶ʯҷ۷ɵķִ뵽¯ڣ붨ʯˮĳַӦӶĸָá
Ц̫˼ˡ
Ҫ̫ˡԪĵǼѣֳտţּһ¥ֱѴ֮
ǲˣľ֤ܹȷ
յǹڴӦñܣּ漰Χʵ̫ˡ
ʱһ˽һԳǻԱ˵мҪ㡣
£ֳʧһ¡
㡣
һձ˽ҿҵϻػһˡ
Ԫĵʵʲôأ
̾˵ϡӱȵس顣


1930 ᧿Σ
飿
ĴƶԣƺһЩİΪԳ˶֮󣬾ͺʲôش飬һֱǷ˳ĺƽ
΢һ˵ʵڽ֮ʱѾ
ǵôһһֶû˵ϺǱ߾ʹجģ֮ѩ䣬ֲ㶪
·ӽ꿪ʼ⻵ϢûжϹ
մһ͸пǶ֮ѻ˵ˡ


ˡ
úŴ󣬼գæվˡ
ʲô
ǻҲǸոյϢϡӱأԴĩ񣬾ֻ¹С꣬ȻǷǳУǽǱճһǷգʧ٣Ŀǰ޷ȷ
յҪϢЩأ漰ٰա
ֵŴһϵݸգֵ漰ٰգĿǰûоϢҹӦ漰ʮ˼ҡ
վȵôࣿ
ŴΪϡӱ˿ڱͺܶࡣ
ϡӱǻƺԭĻԴ֮أ˿ڵȻǳС
ʵǵصĴʲô
ŴȥĩǱ߸صǶһЩҲûж٣Ϊ󲿷ʳںϡӱ˰ա
ʱһԱ˽ʺȥá
ô졣΢΢ü
ŴѵѾܾá
ԣǳϻġտЦһֵȥֵĻء˰յϸ׼á

ãҪѾȫ룬ϾǴӳϻģ·ϻ˲ʱ䣬ÿҲǴűձǼڣ³ͻȻҲ¡
΢μʺ󡣡
ɣ
ȵ֮ʵںϡӱ£֪
յҲǸո˵ġ
ĿǰǱߴϢ黹Ƿǳأܻ꣬÷ǳأǱҪδѣֹһӡ
̵ֹ֣ģ͢Ӧּ˰գᵱذյĸģҪɵصĿֻţͬʱùٸ׼ÿ֣ʱðա
յּ˰ģӦõģǸݻƾٸ޷ЩնɹѹصġΪڰռп϶һЩܹ֧һЩʱգ͢Ϊ˸еȿֻţӦøϽʹǰȥ˽飬ܹ֢͢ҩҲֹصĵԱıȡ
ͷǲ֪˭ȥأ
֣еȥɡ
¬ʦԵ֣һȥһܹһЩҩݹȥ
ԵͷΪǶ˶ɽʿ壬Ǳ߱ȽţǰȥȷȽϺʣΪϻϪصһˮ֣˳˶췴䶯ҴʧҪִʧöࡣϡӱԭĵشˣҪȳ˶췴ö࣬´ңȻĿǰ黹ǷǳأǴȥһСĽȥԣҪ뷽跨ֹӣͬʱҲ÷ֹ˻ĳ֣ʲôɿ
΢
ֵΪԷһǱܱ׼ʳʱ׼ʳ
ĿǰϢǺܶ࣬ҹŴ֣ػҲôУ̸۵Ķ治ܹ࣬£ѾǳһѣǷǳ̫С
֮󣬺ձ̻ص
ŴѾ϶ˡ
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ոϣ׼ʱŴͻȻôһ䡣
úЦʲôʺûôͣδػ첻ꣿ
Ŵҡҡͷɲô˵
ЦӦô˵
ֶ붼Ϊͳʧ²ŵµġŴʱȫؼûзʲô֣ƫƫʺʱѲϣϻΣΪʺ󣬶ʺŸճƫƫַΣѵɺϣһˡ
ƽʱʵǷǳʹģΪ¤ţжԣУǷǳˬ
˵˵
ûĵһۣȻüͷһ壬˭˵ֶΪͳʧµµģ
ŴԹҶôΪѽ
üͷ˻棿
ŴԾȵ㶼֪㲻ųȥʣκһ˶ô˵
ջ治֪ôһ˵
ʵҲ⣬Ϊܶ೯ΪֶģֻһջǱƷģʵ۽飬Ǵ죬˭Ҫ컻գȾ͵ýˣЩ췴˵ȻὫֹͳͷϣô췴ܹ˵е
üͷһͻȻȥݿжʳ
ŴǱʳӦв٣Ƕ붼˵ģΪԴϻٺ»֮󣬹Աٺ»ͳһһ˻ң͢ʳһֱڼ٣ټ֮ǰǳΣ˺һصƻǳ󣬸ضҪָнѧԺ޽·ǳΣУϡӱûܵ˺˳͢ʳҪԺϡӱȵء
ճƬ̣ȥ飬Щʳʲô˵ġ
ǡ
㲻㣬ںտƳڷ֮ʣܽҲȥȻŴһ֣Ƿǳµģûа취Ԥģʲôпܷ
ԣҲһشĴƹʱ򣬾˵ߣǿԵֵģĳ֣ҪûֹĻܵҵɡ
ڣʱ̫ˣݡݡЩطֻ֣Ҫִԭһ𱬷ѣʳܹӦϣΪһʳǻģǣϡӱǴԸСũᣬûҵյģһֱڽϣͻûֵҲûҵղ˵øǿҵıƣһ·ϺӱͲҵĻָͲ
һոеǳͷۡ
͢ҲҲ仯йȶͣеԱͶ뵽档
Ϊϡӱԭԣʵ̫Ҫˣ˵ԭشһֶͿܻᲨȫǷǳµġ
˵ǣĿǰ黹ǷǳأûйдôֲܹΣǣ͢ȫԸʱͻȻ
Ŵԣİձ鶼ΪǾΪִʧ£ŽͷִߣǴ۵Ķ󣬲Σ
ڰУǻǷǳ塢һλܵҵİǡһڼ䣬ʽһ̫ɺˣҪ֪ǰǳΣǰ϶֮¡⣬һŮˡ
ӿµǣ֪ʶӾôΪģ˵֪ʶģҲ𰡡
ǰòײŽôһֱ᧿ΣҪŪãڶġ


1931 ͷ
еǣ©ƫҹ갡
֣С¬ʦԸոոϵΪصκݣͿΪǵһĻ
ֱˣ
ֵָܰ
һ֣ɾͲǷǷյ⣬ŰʱݸܶҲ
֣һϽ˴
̸ɫ䰡
һ³Ұֻ֮С

ˣˣ¿ˣŴͬȹϵϣڷ߸ͣ
ϣ
Ŵ죬ͻȻͣգصһ赲ģŪýḲǵϡӱҪĿܻ´Ұ
յĿһۣѵܹ𣿡
Ŵʲô취
ﳳֵģô취
˵վϵȥ
Ŵæȥ
ؼҿ
Ϊʲôؼҿ
̫ˣ

ջ治ǿЦģϻȥˡ
һصͽеǽϣȻվǰ棬Ŀɨţôȥ˰ʱȻüʵֺ˻ĽһģҺβ編ƣһ·˳úӱҲҵǳΣһ˺Щ꾫׼ģһΣǺ׼ʲôȥƶϡӱҵأ
˵ü˼֮УʱУ棬ôҲҪΧչȥʹһСǺϡӱʲô棬ֵôܹڻŰ»֮أ
һŵͼǰ棬ֻǵͼ滹дźϡӱزũ
Щ»Դˡ
üȻĿƵɽǿ飬߽һЦѽյ㣬ֻҪյо޴棬ôһ·ɾͶǲ·ͻȻ׼ڵͼǵʱһ
дд
δ䣬ͼ
ôͻأ
һ죬񻹻û°ʱ
ûпҺô
Ȼˣ֪Ϊʲôѵ۸㣿ۿдңŪյŭˡ
ǳ˳ˣһűֽǽճʿձԼɡ
һҲɫһ䣬ֻͨƪǽùѪͷúնɵˡ
ڱֱֽʺֱҪϻʺ
ǵɣ
ղĨĨֻ˵Щʿʵ̫һ㣬ֿµǻʺʲô
µǲʺǻڱŮˣֻҪһ⣬˾֪ƵŮͷϣһ㵣ûУڵ١Ȩɶˣ̫޳ˡ
Ц˵ʲô𣬿ɲÿ˶ΪŮˣҾͲôΪ
һۣɫԵЩΣǡҲʺ󣬸ŮˣǻǶˡ
ǰȥЦŰοˣˣ콫˹ҲԾ˼ΪŮģ㿴ŶŮ֮ѡƲɺϣ˵϶ѣҪԣ
Ϲ˵Ҳûôΰ󡣡
°˺һۡ
ĿǰһҲͱĵһ㡣
ʲô˵Ҳ¶ʱüȻ˵ĿЩԾͷһʱ׹һȥ
һƵûö˳ס֣ڼͦڼ֣֣ʲô¶һ˳ġ
ͷ㻹鿪Цռۣа취ⳡΣ
ûУܿͻˡ
Ϊʲô
ΪҾҾģ趨Ҳûа취
һЦеԹһɨգȻ˵үʹˡ


ǵ
Թֽͳʧ£Աִ̩񰲣ĺƽδֹ֣֮Ҫʤۣɼ֮Тʵ£ǿġȻϻرǷƾڼɻʺΪ񣬽ϡϡ̱ΣЩҴưҵڼ³̫ƽٶûʺ󣬽ϡӱֱ֣֡ѵ⻹˵ôʺһ֮ˣϳҴƳġ
ΪҴƽɽ룬ϳʺջָ֮
ոոǵͿϹΪ׵ĳǣηϳ
ίֱҪηϳʺ󣬿ɼƳ֮
Щĳ֮У붼ǹй壬ϹǾǴʵܺģΪﵱǹ¤żһ򾡣á襶ǷǳõѣʦУôûǵȻŹôҲ侮ʯҲӦǾϻܵû
һƣ˵ˡ֣ʺҲ
ѵ槼ϣġôϹ̵ºβ룬Ϊڱִڼ䣬ڴδ֣ƫƫʺѾͲϣϹΪ֮㲻ҪҲĿҴܻʺۣҲñ˱ǧ
αˣ
Ϲ˵÷ǳѽηһ㣬Ҳ˵ЩĺƽТ޵һϵûУεȻᷴһ㣬ʵ۾ϲҾǴ죬Ҽλĺƽ֤飬ǣ޵йأôѾ͸ʧйأһǡ
Ϲһֵ£ָл֮أϽϳʺ󣬼أӽֹĻʱӵɽȵأӰ
ǿЦã˵ǶԵģҪֹĻǳأϲϻʺиƨϵ
⡭
üͷԥΪԹ˵лŮ˸ұҵ˼룬˵ͳģһ׵ģҪǣǰ滹Ϊ﷢һΣճ񣬽ֱ֣Ҫ֪ϡӱѾܶûбôص֣˱ţŻ治ѽϾӣǻʺ˵Ͼͷϣ⵱ȻҲУǿ˿һԳĬҪ󳼡
ĹǶǴײ
ǿǲɵʵ۶ôɵҶԣϹǶѾ˵治ҿڣǵȷԳԱסʺ󣬿ǣһסʺ󣬶ǱȴһǵʱǿɾͶѱ
ؼҲûֹӣֲǵһγ֣Ҷ֪ԡ
նû
üͷͻȻַסͷһʹ
£
ŵʤæ߹Σ££죬촫ҽ
һлǰԲˬɵһ
ʵͻȻ岻ʣȻҲͿȥ
ǵСʺҲֲ찡
е쾯ʾô
Ц֮ˣ첻ȡôӵֶΣΪеĿɶǰգóǧʾǣȻôβһ˺޹İաʺؿĻԵ档
ۣͻȻǰĺգĵǲӦġ
ûʹ
үǻظô
ʵ
ڳڳĬΣͻȻȥ
ֱ³³塣
ⲻǺСôɰ
ɰ
Ц
۹Ȼ㡣
յͷȻȥ¥ĸɣľ̸һ¹ʳһ£ȻСҰȥˡ


1932 
ʵһأﷴӦĻǺˣһʼδ뵽һͻĻ𣬻յͷרһˣҪʼ뾡ΣҪ̫˺ֻǳȥġ
Ͼ˵һĸоԼҪͷôңȻ֪һ𣬿϶ͻ˳Ƶ𣬶ĿǰΨһģΣǺա
ΪȨ󣬵ûа취ֻ֣ա
Ҳϵ϶ʴ˲ȥͶ
ʱ֡
СҰҹɫϽĸۡ
ϻһնһ˽ȥСҰȺ
ãֻһλںڣɵɮʼն޷ڸסǷģļ͸źԵü使ģⲻ˭
ҲֱЦʺϻشӴȶ³װãҵǻܹ⣬ҲûбҪÿضװðɣʶƵġ룬һƷ̫ûʸˣ
һ㶣漴˾ĸ״˽ոպ˼λʦ̫۷ѧ
ԭˡ
յͷҾûʵҲֻǵĻᱻ˷֣ԻʺⷬͣҪ棬ǲ֪˭ȥޡ
ûûˣбۺգӦ֪Ϊμż㡣
չЦʺѽؿҪͷ˰
ֻ
һͷһУҪ
̾˿Ҳûа취ѽΪ֮£Ȼȫʺ󣬵춼ˣҺҲүĶ֣ɲҪǣģŵġ
㻹˵⣿΢΢һЦеҲڱ˿ֻҪͷΪҶԣͬҲһᡣ㾭˵Ǿ仰Զŷգ֮Ȼ
һĨɫȴŶ˻
Щǽһ˻ͷϣ춼̧˳ܹһУҲ֤ǵõϿɡ
֮ռĪǻʺа취ǿУԸΪʺʿ䰡
ûа취
ǳֱӵ
£ûа취㻹ô˵
Цԭ򡣡
յʺǻѽʲô취
ЦȳԵʳֳԲˣ׻ʳ⣬гʳǾʲôⶼûˣóġ
ͻȻЦʺΣңְ
ЦⶼΪڡ
ϣǳϻ̳Ͽְ
԰գͻȻɫһ䣬ʺ˵úܶԣ⻹үڸᰡ
һĨϲɫ
ʵҲװģҲûʮգϾ֣ŴǰǾֻгܵķݣѾֳҪʧشҲֻƽϢߣΪϹǿ϶ὫһȫƵͷϣҲûҳ֤˵ΪʺһȥԱúͻȻĺ
յڼʱǰϹҪ½ˣҵʱδΪֵԽ󣬶ԻʺԽ뿴ǵĿ̳дͳʱ϶ǷΪҵģͺһػʺܹ֤ЩǴģЩ飬ôܹشĹʺڰеĵλʺҪһֵһ㣬һٵ춨ԼĵλΪ»
ԼӦô
յ£ñ½ԮһȫȨ㸺𡣡
ñ½½ȫȨ𣿡
ЦܼѽϹǲһҧΪô㵱Ȼܳϣ˭Ҳò֤Ψһİ취ֹɢȻҪֹ˵Ļȥȥ㶼꣬û·Ȼˣ罫Լ
Цŵͷ㿴͸
ⲻʲô͸ʵҲ˵ʺҲܹ뵽ġյһЦڵõ֮Ȼǰ
ǰ
Цʺأ
һһеµôֻҲ֪Ϊʲôô
յԹ֣Ǹպ÷ھʦ֮أĻʵǲǰȥӲģʺ͸ö˵ˣҺ͸ʺ˵»ʺ󡢳ʺѾͺ˼£ʺõ࣬ȾҪԽǣγԽǶû߹·ߣʺֱ԰գչѣȰˮ֮Уôʺ㽫ڰһǳ̵ӡڿĪİ
һжҪڳɹֹ档
ЦǺǵʺҲ˵ôóģһʺЩģøϽѽǵʱ䲻ˣɢ̫޲ߡ
ڶǱδѾȴĲһڣǵЦ⽥Ũ
ɴߣҪɳһ춯صĴ

աʹ
ںͷۣȻìͷδָǣģҰ¶£ıĻһ󣬲ɷǳص˺ǰҲȰϺֲϣֳʲô
ʷϽ槼ǹѪͷҲǻĴศɵġ
ŲţöжΪκӰҲǳģĿǰûԤƣҲûֹģҶһѡ
Ϊ֮ƣҪסʺֻص󹬡
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˵Ϊ֮ƣʵȨ֮ƣȽʺְ񣬿˵ˣʱֻ˧պʹһĵģǻʵҲֻ˳Ӧ⣬УΪ򵥣˶ìͷָУû˸ΣҸҲҲ
ʱŵʤͻȻ˽£ʺˡ
ԣüͷʱ治̫εģҲ˵ԥΣŵʺɡ
һֻ˽檲μ¡
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ĲɵʵŻʺȥأ
ͷĸ״Щʣʴ˳檳ǰȥ̽
æĸ廹ãҽǰȥΡ
ɲ
æѵĸײǳأ
ҡֻⶼⲻТ֮ŮĸΪҵģŲġ
θһſڣͻȻ׹룬Ҳ֪ΪżŲģ⵽ߵĻʱ˻ȥ
ͻȻ۱ºĸΪ񣬳ǲҲТ
ֲ֪̾㣬ֻǡ
Щݡ
ͻȻ̧ͷ£һ볼޹أ֮¶檶𣬳ԸһеҸǡ
εҲûбҪɣȻغȥܱܷͷʱҪ洦񡣡
£ôĻǸ°գ檾һ֮ˣǳϡ
£Լ˵Ҫһеô⻹ǲеʵǲ֪ʺΣ
ϣܹǰ֡
ξУ̫Σˡ
񳤰İնۣصİպпǺǣ㻹ܵȥ뻢ڣˣ췴ںǻʺ
£ˣΨóȥԣֹӣܻһס
ξϲѵ֮
ûУֻҪ½½購檣Ϊ檳ıߡ
㶵ʺ˻
Уײߣε֣֪Ƿ񣿡
εͷַֹ̾ѽ
ڳ檿ˡ
ûа취Ƕûʮİգټֽ¹ڳͷϣЩѧʿֵΪֻҪϳ檣ȻỺ⡣ôЩа취ˣȻҳ˵ֹܹģҲ볼޹أһûֹˣǿ϶ѱʮգȻš½½ȫȨκ£геôЩа취ˣȻͻײߣֻǾ֣֮ûֹΣҲɳе
ʺ֮Եͷôп취ֵһвĻ
£Ѿ۵ºĸףңﳼ檣ܻһףȥҲԸһйӲдţشӦ檡
˵ţֱӹȥ
θϽ̾޲Ӧ㣬޴ӦҲӦġ
Ը״ֹӣܱҪδó檣檶Թԡ
ʵڶҲûѡôȥûֹӣǵΪѾ˹ʶⳡ־𣬹ؼʵ̫һ㣬յûм֣Сֵǲ٣ЩطʳǷգԭôΣɶˡ
Σðɣ޴Ӧ㡣
л³ȫ


1933 ֮ض
ÿ˶㣬Ҳ⣬ڹغԼʱǷǳϣĿҲǳⷽȫû⡣
⣬Ŀǰ߶漰棬ûдĺ棬ѶϵԸͱ¶ˡ
ĵطǹݣ·ǳҵģӴ֮˾ͿԿһͨʱܹκܴİҲνΪѵҪԭ򣬷ǹغ飬˿þûҲλȢǲ̫Լ
ֻһظպ漰棬ﵱȻ͸ӹϣҪȥε棬ֻغδ֪²ϣҪȥĻôڹǱˣȻֻҪǵΪֹΪûжȥġ
ηѹҲΪֻܹϳҪûжҲͷϣŻغȥȱסʺһְλû뵽ҪеһУҪ֤ԼףҲܾҪ
ǵڶǵٿû飬ﻹԲˡ
ǼֳˣĬĬһ亹ԾҪԡ
ʵҲ¤Ŷ
ΪϹҲǸĹ¤ųԱϹټǹд壬ֻʱֻһѧʿҪԱûʲôȨҲûеΣҲûҪϾɱֻǽЩܹв˸ɱˣϹˣԶвģҪɱϹǵĻмԳ͸Ӹ
áǿɶϹǵĺѣϹ棬ǾǱģ֪ʵģҪ˵Ϲڴ棬ûдһ˽ģҲǲܵġ
ʵҲӦǾ仰˻ģҪġ
Ҳˣ𿴳ڷƽ˾гһպˣһ͵ġ
ڵôЩĿǰҪģֱӿżɽ˵˳ɲ˵ԼҪģ£Ϊ֣˺ǰգȻܲȥ;ȥ
ûָΡ
Уǲܵģε˺ܶ
£򲻿ѽ˾Ǳ䱾
Ϲһ˳˻ػҪʾ£а
λδڣЦϹٴѧʿǰԵѽ
ˣϹҲˣʵ֪ʺ˻Ǻ⣿
һֱ˵һҶ㣬֤ݣ
ϹǺߵ˷һ֮ԣʺǲţȥյۡڱڼ䣬˵˵ȹģ֣鶼ţǻʺһ񣬽̱Σϻˣˣ֪ʺνһأ
ϻΣѾԼзô󣬵Ҳ˻£帮ִв˽ûгִг͢ߣŵΣıҲֹкιϵһأҸӺ޹ϵҲ޷֤йϵǿǳд󳼣ǺĹݴѧʿܽЩĶﴫõ֤
˵ͻȻʽܺͳӣ䡢ɡ
ڡ
һƹŴ£һƹ̲˵֤֤йأ
ʽܡӷ׷ҡͷ
Ϲǵ֤֤ʺ㱾Ӧôں󹬣Ϊ¹ú󹬣ʺǳôɣ㻹θԤûκãҴѲϣǴҶһʵǳ˻ʺ󡣡
Цֱҡͷ˵ٶ࣬ҲǿտƾԼ޷֤ҲͰˣȴ׼֤¾ǷйأⲻǰԵʲô
ϹǲҺʱֲ׼֤
Ϊβ׼£֮Կ½½Ҫ֤޹ء
Ϲüͷǲ֪ʺ֤
ȻΪ˷֣үҵģǺãԳִ£үҪͷң鶨һ󣬵ܹѸٵƽϢһ֣ô֤֣ġ
Ϲ˼Ƭ̣ʺûֹһأ
ϵȥݳΪᣬԶ̤С
һڳһ
ڶ
ͻȻվʺϳ·ֵ˵ز
Ҳվʺ˼а
ĹҲȫվ׷Ȱ裬ֻΪ˳֣֮κ
лλѾΪҲ֪𰸡û֤һ㣬ֻ˶ΪһŮˣĻ˵ʺ֮λҲջϡ
ֶΡ
γΣһĿɨȥ˵ʺ޹أԸ𣿡
ҶǲðͷΪɲ˻֣˭Ҳûа취֤ζ
εȺһȻˣǾô˰ɡ
˵꣬뿪
ôҲɷ򣬲ȫһƢûУңҲʾǲŵģֻЩͱˣΪŰաҷϺʵûа취ôġ
½ʲôεܵκ˺ҪˣξΪնɱʣȡ壬֮䷶ҲҪӮˣҲ֤ŻʺǶԵġ
ôһĻ¾ûлء
ҪûֹĻͱȥݳҡ
ĹǶ̫Ϊ֣ļ֣Ψһ취
һá
һߣͻȻڵ
ҽһ㶣ʶĿգֻһ֮ɫ
˵㰺ͦص˳ȥ
̾˿ֹ˵ѽʲô¶йأǿ֮
ǴҶһУĬ˳ȥ
ԭʺѺںϰ
С
ֻѾ̶˻֮еΪʺѺûУ
΢һЦǲΪʺ־֣Ϊʤ졣
еΪʺѺأ
ҡҡͷǰ͸˵ձһ²仯ⲻɿⲻɲ⣬ԣΪΨкղܹҲܣҲǻʺдһٰ

á
ˣѾû·
ȵʱҲ£ֱӿڵ
Ҳ·Ļǻʺڵȷû·ˡ
Ϊ˵Щ
ǸǸϰ⣬Ҿôһֹ۵ˡЦЦɫʺȻСӡʽȥֵĸݸֲ£µ֣Ϊһ֣һƬң˻ˮʱǼǱȽֱʱֻˣҶǵҪҲߣ־ˡ
Եͷ
ֵ֮⣬㻹Ҫ˵һЩһȥһ汣㣬һ浽ʱҪάȡ
ʵأ
ЦһȥһɽǲҪãͷ


1934 ˵Ǻǵ
ɽ
һ̵ĲݵϣվһȺˣųзΣһǷǸվ£ȴ˳
Щ塢Ǯ󷽡κΪ׵̡
¿ѽκ̾
Ǯתţ汻˰ɣʳɶ˵ģ
κͷˣ͢ǳΣ֮ǴģĲüԱֽԱٺ»Ϊң³͢ʳǼȼ٣ʳǼӣʴʳ붼׼ġ
˵գ˽ǳü
պӲĺҲУúǺ棬ˣ˵ɶ
κӣ㻹벻ôϡӱȵ֣͢϶Ҫʳȥȼãǳ͢òʳ˵͢ô
ʳ
κû˵õɣ⳯͢ȥӡĴȯɶͶ뵽ڽ衢ѧԺȥˣ򣬺ϡӱôˣʳ
ǲΪ͢ǵʳɣ
κ˵ô͢ǰҲûң죬͢ʳҪǾܾǽǻܹڳô
ҡҡͷһʱһʱкСôСƲôġ
Ǯ󷽵ͷ⵹Ҳǡ
ճڣͻȻС硣
ʲôС磿
Ǯ㶵
ָǰǲǺСô
˻ͷһֻԶˣǺաɣľСҰˡ
æС磬ɣľ
ԶĺҲЦ֡
Ǯ󷽵ӭ˹ȥ
Ц֪
Ǯ󷽲ѵСרǵģ
յͷ
Խ֪Сҵк·Ը
ԸһֱҵǿҲϲǿȱ£ҵǿǺƣԡǵġЦǺǵ
Ǯ󷽺ٺٵС磬Ĭ
ҲϣģǿЦ
ʲô棿
ĺǡˣȿȣ
һʵʳġ
ʳ
԰
Ǵ͢ô
ǡ
ЦԼҪ򣬲֪жʳ
ǮСʵ֪СҪʳ
յжҪ٣
Ǯ󷽺ǺһЦС磬ԾǴ͢ģ˭ֺαƭˡ
պǺЦҪƭǣҾͻ˵͢ģģԼҪ򣬲ɣľ
ɣľûƭǣѾ׼㹻ǮɨɽӦò⡣
ۡǴֱʰ
ǺС磬ȻǴ͢ҪôʳҼǵʳһҲȤ
ƨ£ֲ̣Ȼᣬջظղ˵Ļжӡ
Ӹɶ
ûӣʳô˳ȥ

ǮһתͻȻչٺٵС磬㵽Ҫ£֮ʲô顣
ҲЦѽС磬㶼ôǮˣαػôˣôҲһǺѽ
Цðɣðɣʵ˵ﹺʳҪΪȥͶʺϡӱġ
Ǯ󷽲ϡӱԽأ˵Ǳߵ˶ܣС磬㻹ȥǱͶʣҪɶᱻġ
ЦΪǱߵ˶ܣеҵһǼ֣۸Ȼˣʱ򲻳֣ʲôʱְеǣ󰡣
üǺϡӱҵһֱûôչʲôֵ֣ҲֲʳԪͶȥϡ
壬⻰˵ãԪһǸźСߣСô⡣С磬˵öô
Цŵͷ֪ҵƻһǷֵģһ־ڼģΪģС¹Ȼ롢һ𣬵ǻһ֣̫ԭģԭHһ𡣶ϡӱ̫ͨԭҪ·ֻҪƻʼǱһ
̫ԭ
ǮĿ⼱˼£̽ǰδС˵
տЦʵǳΣ֮ǰұҪ͢飬ҵʱҪؼТֱΣֻӺΣ֮󣬴Ҷڻָ̫ԭг⼸ķչΪԿ̫ԭгΪԭնǮˣڲԭϵƤëëȵȣԽԽ󣬶ϹҵҲǴģߣҲҪгԭHǱڵгǺǱҪչġ
öһ֮ɫ
ǿɴδ˵ʲô̫ԭƻﲻ룬ǲǺչŪǴʳȥϡӱ֡
κСʵС磬˵öģ
ͻȻЦ
±ƵС磬Цʲô
һеȻǼٵģǰ治Ѿ˵ôҾר̺ǵġЦЦҾҪǸϽʳȥϡӱͶʣΪǱĿǰǳҪʳ
Ǯ󷽵ȦˣС磬ˡ
պǺǵЦѣûе桯ôأԹǵжʳ
㿪Цɨɽ֣˭ѽ
ϾʢֱţϣС磬͸˵ʵô
ǣ̾ʵ̫ԭƻģ֪ʱ˵ҲţɨɽʳȻȥϡӱͶʣԴʳȥǷŲҲʾԺϡӱǳģҲ˵ҺôıҪҲȥĻҲȥǿȵҵʳȥҪûĻȥҲٰ
⻹ٰ
㶼ҪҪɨɽʳȵʱȥûкˡ
ʵ˵ģжʳ
û١
ǮֱҡͷҵĻȫǾơ
յһ˽ô϶вʳΪڿ·ҽ·̺ˣǾͿ볡ˡˣˣ҆µģĪҪҴ£ɣÿһңܿ˰ɡ
Ǯ󷽺С磬Ҳ߯ƲˣҲ˵Ǯôһ仰̾ȥ
κҲֱͷѽнգȫС磬㲻Ҫۣ˵ʲôʱʳȥ
յ졣
С
ǮظӦ
ЦǾͲںǵôҲǺǹȥֵġ
Ǯ󷽵ҲǾѽ͵ʱ°ɣ˵Բԣ
ԶԶԣǷС飬ʳֲϢ
ЦۿǣⲻǶϷҿǻȽʳҵˣȵȵȡ
Ǯ󷽵С磬ǰɣǮȥԸ׼ʳ
Ҳȥ
Щ˵žֱֶȥ
ĺļСҪѽ
һȻԹŶڿԴˣлС㲦ھȥ׼
գۼ䣬˾ܹˡ
Ȼһ䣬һ䣬ҲŪľ棬ľǼ٣ǹƾ̫ԭƻǾԸһ
ΪݵĳɹĿõģݵһ·÷ǳ١͢Ҫ̫ԭǺ֮ؿ϶ǷǳֵǮģΪ̫ԭ̫ˣ̫ԭıؾ֮·ڻƺķΧڣŴ̻ΪҪģȻг̫ԭԱĲԭHЩԭ࣬ɶǿհг
ɣľʲô̫ԭƻô
̾Ҳ뵽ãļƻһõ˳͢׼Ҳô˵ˡ
ɣľͷԭˡ
СҰЦԭСںǵġ
ҲǺơЦԸôʳȥ˵̫ԭƻȻȻͻʵ֡˵ţɣľͽ̫ԭƻһ·ɢȥ


1935 Ŷרҵ
ĵɽתһȦȻ͸ȥˡ
һΣУûй˹עϻΣǽȻ෴ġ
ʧȥ˹⻷һ̫ҫˣ˵Ŀⶼһϡ
ϹǶԶĵ£Ѿ˳ȥϹǿ϶Ϊ±ܵģϣ˽֪ĻʱͲܷˡ
ǶµĿѾת䣬ĵǣĿ֣͸ӰһеҪֻ֪ʲô
ǿֵĲ´ѽ
ô̳Ϊ۵Ľ㡣
ȻҲǶƵƵɳСӡʽܡ֪ŵȥѲ죬ʵʹලصĹԱס֣ͬʱֱʾҪǰ֡
ʺ߳ʹֱȥطִʷϴδйѽ
յҲ÷
ԽԽˡ
ǺҪЧҪΪǣȾ͵Լ˼ϣܹ̣ǽ棬ҲμôûҲҪѣΪμҪǱ
ԴǸеǳ˷ܣʵҲһͽͽʱ򣬾൱˷ܣΪĵ÷ǳ
뺫ͷ̣֮Ϊصκݡ
ճͼ·вȥ
Щô
΢΢·ߵˣϵĺʵ
ϸһˣҡҡͷӦòǣ㿴Щ˵У˶ûôණӦһЩ˰ɡ
Եͷ˿Ҳ֣һãǴ˵زүү˱ģﲻУǾͻطһΪǿ϶ǱĶ˵Ķ͢ûܡ
ũĻ뿪磬ؿɾûˣũǲ뿪Լļ硣
˴ģ뿪ɼûеõκλ⣬нǣϾһ̿ǶһУյǵÿ·
յͷ
еգѾǰǴ˸еëȻѵأһƬݻƣһ޼ʵĿ䣬Ψһվŵľһÿήľ͸һŨŨ
ǣˣٳҵʳˣ
ŶߴһĿ޺
վĿȥֻһϴүߣһ߰ݣһ߿޺
Ҳڵæƿһһšڿն飬ա
ʿг¶־֮ɫ
ͷȥҲǳһ̾
еһ·ֻ
Ż𣿡
տЦʺ⸽ʲôյģӦǸڼɡ
Եͷ
Ȼһʺǰκˡ
ɵһǵˣ
δ䣬ǰ洫һֻʮﱼ
һٵ֣ɺ¬ʦԡ
Ƶһûпʲôá
һ֣ɡ¬ʦԱԡ
μʺ󡣡
ǹеһչ˹֡
Ҳ˹֡
Ｑæʵ֣ɣ¬ɣκʲô
һ֣ۡüͷʺµֻΣǰвס·˵ǡǡ
¬ʦԼ֣µģֱӵǲϣʺκݡ
Ϊʲô
ճڣ׹¶ɫ͸һ˿Ρ
Ƶڸʲô
֣еѾٰȰ˵Ǹ
ȰʲôȰϹ󹦷ǿǹԱӦǰû
֣̾ҪܹǵģǾͺˣǿ˭Ļˡ
ץ˰
ǵڶ࣬ҶóȻץ˵Ļܻ𱩶
ǡǻûãС¶ڲƽʺҪǣȥ㶨
һܹ㶨
ЦСҪǸ㲻һǻؼˡ
⻰˵֣С¬ʦһΣֶɵĿźգɲСѽֲģǺǻ˭вͿܻһʰ
ջӻֵߣȥ
֣С¬ʦԻ˵ʲôֵ롣
ҪһЩ˹ȥ
лʺĺ⣬ǲҪ
ͣȻ֣С¬ʦǰȥ
еü·ֻԶǺѹѹһƬ٣ũҲһЩĶˣв˻ųͷľ
ƳǷǳ뺷ģɶ˳ġ
ۣô˰
ղһ
֣С¬ʦͬʱһۣ㷽ŲǺŰ
֣СѵС磬ɲܴ⣬ҪǼŭǣǿɲʲôݡ
һ֪ô
ղͷĻشһ䣬Ȼǰ
Ⱥǰ棬ЩѾԴ¶׹⣬֣С¬ʦǶеЩģǵǵԼΪǴ¬֣ĸУڵĺա
ռµŴҹЦλ岮Сܣºա
գ
úϤ
ѽС硣
һ˾һֳźյǴĺС磿
պǺǵ˵˵¡
֣мæλǵ
ԭǺС磬ϣСˣоˣоˡ
Щһմ˷ܼˡ
һӢ۹ɹˣ˶СĴȻƽϢǳΣǺܶ˵ŬڰУǾǺһ˰ƽģȻĿǰΣʲһΣȻܹƽϢǰΣȻҲܹƽϢⳡΣЩˣ˷ܲѡ
պȻλ֪Һĳ˵ֶΣΪλڴ˵ҵ·أ
һߵС֣ڴˣǵСõ·ֻ˵ʺҪκݣǾûʺκݵġ
յҾǻͻʺˡ
ʲôǡǿɲС
ŵɫ԰ףĻӶ˫֡
С磬ҪȥǾжǾûʺȥ
Ϊʲô
Ϊʲôκݽɴ˴ѣΪʺһŮˣѾҪȥȥĻǿ϶Źǵġ
ϻعСΣΪʺֵˣ治֪ΪҪòôһŮʺ󡣡
С磬ǿ£Ͻʺϳ
ϳʺ󡣡
ϳʺ󣡡
Щ۸ߺ
ⷨڣһҲûɶǲ˵ġ
ߣȱˮҵҪܹãվĿװơ
ȻûǾ;ɤЩðˡ
С磬Ϊβ˵
һ˳źʵ
ҡͷʧרҵ벻ŶôרҵŶҵ˼ǣ˵úܶԣúܴ
С˻Ǻ⣿
պߵѵ֪ʺһŮˣģһõô
֣С¬ʦɫһǶѾȥˡ
ŶŶǺСģ
ѽ
ǡΪκС绹ҪͻʺˣⲻǳҪô
̾˵ǲרҵѽƣ廹ϵ˰
֣ʶô仰
˵
ǸǸ֣ĳ˲ѧǳ
֣εĹ˹֡
ûĵһֵۣһʺӹɵģôҲҪʺƽϢһѣԻʺģ廹ϵѽµףʲôáԲԣ
֮
˷׷׵ͷ
յһͻʺˣǴκ̳ûʺڣԭ£˲ƽϢһѡӦö˵ϻΣҲƽġ
ҡֻ֪ϻΣǺСû˵С
ǻǹªšţǵƷӦš
ָ֣к¬ʦԡ
˶סˣĿźա
յλʱͱǫˣʵǡ
ǰܰ
֣¬ˣǿ˾ӣҲûа취΢΢ͷСüֱ
ûУûƭǰɡգңҪԽ룬ˣʺҪ˵ĳĴɳʺ֣϶ԭѽ
Щ񱻺պƵһһ㶵ģš
úһһͻȻС˵ǣû״Щ˴¡
Ц˴µҪĪҪԼҪסˣǧܿʺʱһҪŻʺ֪ô
֪֪
ڹȥʺ˵һǼסˣһҪţǧܿʺ󡣡
ǡ
Щ񱻺Ūһһ㶵ģ֯վŵ·ԣŵ·
̫ɰˣϵȥεĳ֣С¬ʦԻӻ֡
֣С¬ʦѾҲУ
֣еС磬ôһ˵˶ΪʺһŮˡ
յҲûа취˵ǲôΪⲢҪȹһ˵ɡ


1936 ǮVS
Ҫ˵ţջû¹˭ΪװŪǧ޵һΣÿǧùһС
ŪЩİգջ
ʺѾ㶨
صԣճֵ
ģ
úǾȣ֪⿴СҪǷǳѵģȻգۼĹ򣬺վ͸㶨ˡ
շƵǸ˵үѽүҪԻʺҲ˼޹϶ЩħΪʺģħġ
һԵ֣С¬ʦԶ±ˣ˵Ϲ
һԵ֣С¬ʦԣüƬ̣ͷǾ߰ɡ
ǰȥ
ڽκݱ߽ʱﾪȵķվ˰գȴǷ׷ױͷһҶзǳ棬Сʵڸʲô
أ
յΪ˵ʺģʸհʺòʴַʽڻʺء
֣жЦˣǻѻƪ
ֻԵͷ㽫ˡ
κֻ֮Զôʮˣһ·ǰţкŸպ·İգǸϽվ·ߣ
տֻЦŵǲСﰡ
һ·Ƿǳûܵţǳͨ谡
еôգκݸ
ʺǵˣ
š
ֻŴ󿪣ȴһǰӭӡ
ǻʺݵ
Ҳò죬ǿ֣С֣æҽȥ
һ֣о˳ֻ߻һƷˡ
С˲μʺ
˹˫΢΢ڲš
ʵκݴʷ
ҪǴʷһԳСˣ㿴һҲƴʷ
˵Сκݸһ
ʵǵĴʷأ
Ǵʷȥκؼء
ʱȥģ
ͻȻʵ
ʺǽȥġСսսĻش
һĨŭֱȥ
տ֣С¬ʦԡ
˽ҡͷ̾
棬ֻһ˶ûУյġ
ոãձ̲ס֣ɣ¬ʦԣһûпǵĵʲôã
¬ʦ΢΢ͷֵ¹ܣ¹޻˵
ռ¬ʦԶǸ߰ͷ­һ㶣ֵȲ̸ЩҪ֪Ϊʲô
֣мⶼΪԱ̫Ǹյʱ򣬻ֻǷǳأǾ֯ȳ棬֪ǲԸ⣬ֹǾ֡
վΪʲô
֣еⶼΪǶΪ֣ԳκݵĺʷԼصĶˣʿ׼Ϊ£Ӧ޵̣ԱϲԵĳͷɱ¾Щˣֻ֪ȥأвٰżнʣʳȥЩװŪˣȴĿŻȳԾǵׯڣǿȰǾǲ
˵棬ҧгݣֵܹ֣ز£ǲࡣ
ȷʵܰ
Щ죬ǿţЩոϽϻȳ棬ɱȳ棬ûǵİ
վȵԭʥľôа
֣С¬ʦǵͨ죬ͷһؾԶΪܣǰҲˣؼʿ𡢶˶ôΪɾͺˣһͷȰûЧ
Ҳֲǡ
ҵ֮ǸϽֹȳ棬ĻֻһҪӵݡݵȵأǾ޷ˡ
˵ţֿա
ճΣʺӦ֪΢ֶΣػҲôһС
ɲֹһСɻĿźա
֣ʵˮԴǷѾݽߣ
֣еϻвٺȻڸɿݣʱδݽߵĵزͿ²ꡣ
ֻҪˮȣǾҪðˣûˮ˭Ϊ˵֪ʺôһ仰Ǯܹʹùĥ
΢һ˼ǣ
յΨһܴŵģֻнǮ
֣еҿѣǮܹѹǾͲĿԼҵׯڣʷʵ⼸κݴľ棬ȴ÷ǳֻ̣֪֯ռأ죬Ӳ֯ȳ档
Ц˵ܶ飬ǮãһѷͭõĻÿǮ˭ȻᣬǱ֣ɱңǶû
֣æǵĿ֮УĿǰջûеɽˮ֮ʱٸҲû֣Ϊκһ˰նȥͳ£Ҳֻʮʯʳ
ЦѾ㹻ˣ
¬ʦԺ֪ô
պǺǵչȳ档
չȳ棿
˽һ㶡
Цŵͷ
֣евͨЩԸȥɱȳ棬ͲҪôؼǶΪȳ֣ɱȳ棬ԣôܻǵķԡ
ЦҾʾȥǿԲɱԸģûǿȥɱȥֵ֪ͨĸأǿ֣չȳ棬һȳ滻һס㣬ʱ䲻ˡ
֣к¬ʦһۣȻֵ¹
Ȼȥˡ
ߺʵУ
պǺǵʺģаš
Եͷ棬Ҫյģʵˣ㷽ô˵Щյģɱ˵װŪһףҿɲţ֣С¬ʦԵѾңǰƭҡ
ǾӲõһ棬һҲϡտЦһֵֻǸǣʺһŮˣһֻΪ̳ڣԭ¡
գ˰ΣͻȻң֪֪ôһҶΪһŮˡ
պǺǵҲô˵ѵǾͲôΪô㿴һ˼κݴʷҶҪˣҲԸ㹲һ£ɼһ߰ô˵ĻǻҪ֤ԼĻᶼûˡ
⻰˵̫ˣȻʵҲ˵ѽˣγˮΣһֱǸ߸ϣ񵹳ΪʵһССʷˣְҪˣڲţû㣬éӵʯͷɶûôʵǴģܲôǰţ羪κһ㣬˸е¡
ҲչֵʺϢһ£΢ȥһ̳¡
㻹̳üȵ
΢
չһת뿪ˡ
쵰һգĲ
ݺݵһӣһ޵ҧгݡ
ôãճڲ÷Ľ֣˸磬˸磬һ¡
Ὣ˹кηԸ
˼ګ幫ӣзɡ
ֵطǱһ˿ǿסǺΣյģˣ˼ګͳеĽʱ׼Ӧǡ
˸磬⡣ջӻ֣֡
зĸ
ֹ˼䡣
зƺò̫ףһɻĿźա
֡
ָ
ֹ졣
зɵͷȴ˸ɻĹâ
յ˸磬ô
зһ̱ȭ¹ף¹ھȥ졣
չЦˡҪסһҪܺá
¹֪


1937 
˵ûдκݴʷΪ棬ʴ˲ȥ룬ŵǷǳµġ
ںҲǳտԷǳɵĽӹκݸ˳򣬲ȻĻøκݹٸ򽻵ƳȻҲ뼯ȨΪƼĲ㣬Ϣ޷˲䴫ģطٸ㹻Ȩ˵طٸȨҲǷǳġ
ɼκ¶ԡ
һ£͢ʳչȳĸʾ˳ȥ
ڵڶգκݵʮʿ
̽ӼǣΪԤϵġ
֣еһܣնһȺҲһŵ˽⣬֮ܶͶǴʿ׼Ǵ¬֣ΪϵԭĻԴأҲںϵⶥʿ嶼һ顣
ӰǷǳġ
ΥλǰյüҲһԸ
Ե÷ǳ顣
ЩʿǶһЩܳΪ׵λ߹ֵСĴ׹氡
һ磬汲ߵһλ
ںܳһʱڣʿ׼УǳΪմǴͳУΪϻΣ֮󣬺ǣڰоӢۣʿ׼ҲûٱģǱ϶ҲǷǳġ

ǫһЦ£漴ʵ֪λΪ˻һ£
˷ͻʺˣΪ̳ûʺڴĿˡ֪Ƿ񣿡
ֱͷԶԶԣҾ˶ΪҲΨһֹӵİ취
֮˵ȻˣΪιٸʾȥɱȳأ
䣬һ΢̵ֵ߱ȳǲɱõѽ콵֣УֻᴥŭģȳֻԽԽࡣڻ֣Ӧ޵̣£ԱϲԵĳͷ˵˵ǻͻʺϲԵԭ£Ǻܸ˵ģìܣҵʮֲ⡣
һⶼǺʷ
뺫ʷкιϵ
Ҳ֪Ƿ֪ʵ˷֣ʺʱʺʵǷԵģ볯һЩ۹һҪ֤һ㡣·ϣü˵ʺϲڣĻ˵֪ǸյǺʷ߯Ҳӣ֪ȥˣʺãһӭӵ˶ûУһ񷨶ǽʺѽʺǸԸңҪΪԼֲ֤Ҫȫ沶ɱȳ棬ƴֹʺôűʳչȳ档
к𣿡
ɴˡյ뿴ȫ沶ɱȳ棬ǾǿԵģִܲУҪִУǻʺܾ͵ִУչȳĻԸģҪǿǼףֻ͡ᣬԴ
ԭˣԭˡ
ЩʿǣպŪһһ㶵ġ
һԵ֣С¬ʦԶѻ˵ãоݰ
ʵǲ֪ʺ󾿾ģ
̾ıģ˭ԸΪԼһŮˣʺЩƢҲ֮С
˵ʺ൹һ²̫ףֻҪʺ±д֣ؽܵȺ֤ʺһ֮ˣΪλҪѵҴƽɽ𢣬ͻȲһŮô
뵱ʺڵʱĺƽƫƫҪʺΪѲϣ»ִԲǺ°յİ
Щʿ׼ǻ治»ʵۣΪǰ漸꣬ʿʵ۹£û͵ҲƳοһǳҪԭ
ǿ˵Ϊ룬ô֣ʵ۲ܲ
æǣλ˵öеǵ֮ǻ飬·ǳİգҪʺȥϲڣԭ£ʱƲܴŭʺ廹ϵˣȵ黺֮󣬱һ°һģλԴ˾ɷģһµġ
¶΢Ц仰ˡ
ǲỳɺգΪҲ֪ոʺ֮ĶԹȫǺ˵
¬ʦԡ֣ԽԺ
ȵЩʿߺ֣ʵС磬ԽԽͿˣһ˵Ǯܹʹùĥһ棬֧ǵ˵ⲻìô
պǺЦìˣ·ϵһǮ·ձȥǻҵĻôȻᣬʵ˵ʲôҪֻҪ㶪һǮ·ϣȻͻȥ˵ʲôʵҪ͵˵λֻҪǮȥˣʵʵڵġ
¬ʦƵǰ滹˵ǮãǮ֮ˣ
յⶪǮһѧʣǮ˭ᣬһЧ㽫һǮڷ棬˭ȥ̫ˣҪһǮ˼Ҽſڣ㿴û˼ܼ򵥵ġŶǸϽҷ˵ЩߴǣǱҲһ˻Ƶ鷳
֣С¬ʦȻǲ̫ףҲֻܴΪȷʵԴ˶޲ߡ
Ӵó֮󣬺ȥԺ
ſڣֻһŷ˴߳
ͻȻסǹ𣬡Ȼᣬⷹôûж
ǹæʺ˵ûθڡ
΢һҰɡ
ǡ
նȥ﷿ǰ˼š
˭
΢
ǳĬƬ̣漴
ƿ˽
һһ˫Ŀʱ˸Ż⡣
һеʺǲ岻˵ʺԡ
ߵΪڻԵ·ôЩʿǰҵģԼ
վȵʺ͵̸
һӣŭΣҪ˲֪ǼĪΪ
յǵĻʺӦøеĲǣʵʺ󶼷ȥ͵׼ʺϲġ
ģ
һ˶ġɽ͡Ҫ¶Ūúպģεĳ棬һֱĬţƣơ
һң˵һŮˣ⵹Ҳˣ㾹ȻΪƽʾ飬д
ʼͷĽɡ
ЦǺǵʺˣἺΪʺ㲻Ҳˣ㻹ôң̫ˡ
ΪҺãôңΪҺã
յȻѽǴ˷ΪʲôҪָ֤ʺûйϵҲôΪҲôΪǷͷҸˣҽԼ鵽ͽǱȥһֻлʺŲɱȳ棬Ψһİ취ôһɹˣһеʤΪʺ󣬶ΪҡĻĿǰԱʲôͶͷϣⲻἺΪʺʲô
գգۣϵŭ˼֡
սһţһ㶫ɣһ̲Ÿոտʼỹеæġ
ɰΣô˵˭ȥɱȳ棿
Ц֮±·򣬵ȵǶʱǾͻ֪ǷԵĲ죬ǻʺ׻˵úã̱
ĿⲻԾ
շ̣ܱܲôס
Уһܹжѽ
˵һӵšǲ
ҵķˡ
գգۣ漴ʺˣ֤һ㿴ⷹ˷ŵ˭ҲϡʺԸ⿴һۣһԣʺ̽ͬЩʳû˶࿴һֻۣҪȥôǾͻеš
㶰ΣͻȻһЦ㻹ܺơ
ⶼǵĸ
̾˿һӵ
ûꡣϽԼ
չһЦʺˣЩİվ͸Ӳ˵ˣǲġ


1938 Ǹ
ìܣ
յǵĵһӦҲǸеǳìܣǲ֪վʲô˼
ǱߵҲκݷǳƣնΪּ⣬ǲеġΪҪͷأǿ϶ΪûãΪʺʧ£øϽ޵ĴȻͻŹǵġ
ǣ֣ʲô޷չһȳһӿǷǳֲʧ޷ƵģȻϡӱ󲿷ֵֺѾʧǾûȳӵɽ
ôôȵȳ档
ǣΨһܹģźա
εǣѾգȴδһŻȳȡʳ
˵ûһ˲ôԣֻʿ׼׼ǲɱȳ棬һǣǻʺôģŮˣΪԼʴ˲壬ϵ
Ѿ£ҲԸš
֮˭Ҳ
Ҳ˵ﻹ˸Ч


κϱߵһǰֻϰٰգһʿĴ£꣬϶ǳϡ
Ȼ䣬ߴһк
ڵİգŵûͷȥֻһȺͷɢڵؤʮˣһӣԶء
ڸʲô
һվ
ϣڲɱȳ档
죡죡ȥֹǡ
ЩؤȻãװǳȫӣ仹һ䲶׽Ļȳ棬ֱӷС
ĻȳӹˣΣд󽵵ͣգۼ䣬ǾͲ׽˲ٻȳ档
ס֣ס֣
ǰݵİѾ˹վߺֹǡ
һؤʵʲôˣ
Ǳһվʿڸʲô
ؤڲ׽ȳ氡
ΪҪ׽ȳ棿
ǿȳԻʳ
Щؤǲ֪ߵغǸϽס֡
ƾʲôѽȳֲҵģֵǣһ㣬ǵͿɾͿЩˡ
ǡǡ
죬죬Щؤߡ
Щùȥ
ৣ
һЩؤͻȻһѵɱذףиͷд󵶡
ʲôʱؤҲˣ
ΪһؤָЩյѾ˺Щˣ˭ҪϣǾ͸ƴˡ
²Ҫ
ЩŹİգһʱ䲻ǰ
ߵ߼һǸɱˣǽǺߡ
ؤŭ˫ĿֵǣЩһҪ·Ǹƴˡ
ɱѽ
ЩؤӣٵЩճȥ
ЩյŻˣһӣתܣһܵûӰˡ
˭ҲɵԼȻжô󣬵˭Ըȥؤȥƴ
ͬʱؤӿǷ׽ȳ棬Ƕ˭ҪǣǾ͸˭ƴ
ЩʿȥҺա
˵ÿģ
ٿȻ֮ɫ
ͷģģǲţȥ̽
շŭдǬ£˸ҵס
һԵ¬ʦͻȻЩǿ
ǿؤ
ؤ
£ؤΪʲôҪõ˺գ
ŶҪ׽ȳ棬ǵȻֹǾõƴ
ѽ
¶Ϊ֮ɫ
̵⻰ʲô˼
̾˿ҿİĪΪʺѾ´͢ʳչȳ棬Ҳǹȥ׽ȳ棬Ȼҵ˼ǿǻʺҲŻʺôǺϷġ
ѵǾӲô
ЦǰĪҪģѾǣֹǣһģԼִԲ򣬵ʱһͷǵģǲҪģſǺϷˡԣҪľǣеϵǵ¡
룬ҲôҾ͵ıˡ
ġ
ҡҡͷʲôܹӹķۣ֪˭Ǻˣ˭ǻˡǧǷͻأЩؤһǷŸƴ
ǣ֮
ȵߺ֣ЦС磬Щؤ㰲ŵİɣ
æɱ˵ǻ˵ġ
¬ʦЦһûмǸؤŵ
պߵ⻢ڶʳô˵ȳ滻ʳֺ£ҪؤҲô֮Уǿɱˡ
Ȼռϣ¬ʦԡ֣ж֪϶Ǻհŵġ
žյ̯ڱ
ֻϰؤΧǰؤôôܻŶӡ
ǷʳǽͶ˵ˣҲȰȥŶӣֻܷˡ
Щؤһȳ棬ϣǳʳ
ٸ˵һﻻһȱ
㣬㡣ӶҪˡ
ǼʲôǻҪô
Ū˶ٻȳ棿
Ҳиɣɲˡ
һȥӱ󷹡
а
Ｄѣܱ߻ΧһЩǴĿǽȥ˰գ䵽Щؤζӳ°
ЩؤʳȥҪɿݵĺӱ󷹣ʱ
Ҫ֪ܶյ׸׶ѾˣΪǲûճɣڼ뷽棬ӻԼǵĵǷǳ֮졣
ȻֻһԹԹԵĿЩؤ׷
һȳ滹ܹһʳؤӿ
صİտʼеԺˣ˵õ콵أôЩؤԽԽˣвؤԸһʳҪһ˿񣬹ٸҲӦҲ˿һ
Щ˲ԵúãҲá
յĿʼ궯
ⲻƽ̫ƽˣ
ǰ
룬룬Ǽô죬үҲһ꣬ҼҺûзˣ㿴ЩؤԵñǶҪãү̫ƽˡҲˣҲҪȥ׽ȳ档
ֻһ˷ŭվץһ㣬صڵϣȻתȥ
֣ңһȥ
Ҳȥ
ǣǸʲôȥ
ֻǲ
תۼ䣬ǰûмˡ
»˭˭Ҳģϵ첻ûиǰףһȳ滹ڲʳǵʳЩؤʲôܣһʶûУȴǰ׷˿˭ͨ
ѾõԹ̱
ҷ׷֯ʲôרŲ׽ȳӣˣǻʼЩؤ
ЩؤҹĻȳǵġ
˵ǺЦƾʲô˵ȳǵġ
Ϊǵġ
ҲûҪﰡ
ҲҪɵóͷڲˡ

ؤǺţũܷŭ
Ǿ߲ߣ
ҾͲˣô
ǣǸƴˡ
ɱѽ
뼸ǰһתֻصȥͷЩؤ
ɱˣ
ЩؤŵɫҰףתܡ
ȳʳǲ׽ˣǳʲô
أκݵİնʼ׽ȳ棬ͬʱЩؤȫȥ֮ƴĿ࣬ǲ֪飬Ϊ﷢塣


1939 練
žͬһűĤ棬ʵֻҪһͱͻƵģڣû˸ȥͱΪΪǰȫģǷǳΣյģⲻ֪˶Цǣֻǿѡ
ǣһͱƣž͸վסš
һ˵ͱҲͱˣѾ˴ҲزͷֻһߵڣͬʱҲڻȳԹޣİգʼĲɱȳ棬ɨķʽҲΪСȥ׽
ɾʳ
С˵òǮȻʹĥ
¬ʦվߣȺӵİգŸӣʼ̯׳涼Źֻǵ޲øǹ£Ƕϲɱȳ档
ɼЩʥ˵ôиƨð
˵
֣пЦɴߣСڣȻһжǺСںƶģ£ȴģðȥɱȳ棬ַַʳգνһá
¬ʦԵͷ׷˫Ӯ˼룬ȷֵѧϰ

Ҳ㣬Ҳ㰡
΢΢ƳۺգȻЩˬҲò
պǺǵʺˣ⻹öʺһϷһݲȥġ
һ⻰ֻڷԼݺһۺա
ղΪ⣬ˣѾˣʺҲô죬ǻʺʱˡ
ӹһâ˻
յһԻȳоη֮ģǻʺһ֮ˣ֮Ļ¾͸ʺһϵûУǸոտʼôյׯѾȳˣ꣬Ҳõȵȥˣڼô죿ԣʺҪ£һ£ΪԼϴⲻ֮ԩ߰գһж޹أʱ˿̣վԻģֻҪ˵˵ˡ
ΪΣ
Ϊǰô밡ЦѾɱȳ棬ǰЩģѾʺȷģô£ȷģԸ˭
Եͷƶյӣ¶һ˿΢Цʵǵڶأ
յȻǴƺ֮£ȳķֳǷǳǿģôɱԳģ⻹֯ȥɱ˵Ҳûôʳȥչȳ档ǻҪع鵽ȣʺ֯ңȳ棬Σ뵽
Ц㶼Ѿ׼˰ɡ
յͷǰ治ȥһɽΪ̶֪Ǳߣңһһƻ
ʲôƻ
̫ԭƻ
̫ԭƻҴδ˵
Ϊרġ
յԭһģ˵Ҫ̫ԭɸһó׳У̫ԭǽͨҪأ̫ԭܱߵĵԭŻгǾзǳóǱ͢һ̫ԭôϡӱмͶʼֵİսȱֲҪʱģǡǡûеľʱ䣬Ψһĳ·Ͷҵ
ԵͷǰڻϡֶһޣΣЩҵ
ЦڻʺǷǳģΪ˽ʵ֧ţңƻҲܹʺϵĸӽܡ
Ŀ⼱ôһ⻹Ǹ˾޴氡
һ˲ΪӮңִ䣬ʵ̫̼ˡ
һۣ̾˿ǿѽһԭŵˣƫƫԼһЩʿһˣ챻ʺ治֪ϻ˭ҵٸӸеġ
һЦǷҵġ
ЦЦôΣ㶼ߣǷʲô
ҵֻеһֶѣĻԸôҸлߵǸ
յҲãǷߵʱҲܹһ㡣
ʲôߣ
˺һۡ

ϱǰգչȳ̯Ҫǰö࣬Ϊ̫һ㡣
壬
ֻһӲŸôһСޣһСݸλ̯ĽʿС̵ģΪ֪õʳ
ǻЦŵͷС޵Դƹ֮󣬽һСʳݸ
лл壡
СʳСſ֮ɫ
һʺݵ
ŵСһеʳҲȥܿͻعϽʳסŴ۾ǰֻһȺ˹Ŀ͸һ˿¡
ŶӵİҲŵǴľ
ЩɲһϽ̯λ߳ȭְμʺ󡣡
ЩŷӦҲôһ£׷μʺ󡣡
ֻ΢ЦŵͷͻȻߵСǰȥЦʵСޣʲô֣
СżСҽСΡ
￴еĲЦյջС
СκٺЦš
΢ЦСԴȻվĿЩһɨͻȻһ̾ôĻ뻹ܹĳׯڣա
ЩգԴøˣǰû֮ɫ
ֵ֪֮ǰһֱһŮˣΪһҶҵʱϢǷǳߣҲ޷⣬ֻԣΪǻŲɡΪʲô룬ҪͷңΪβֱӳͷңͷǣûճɣǶŵģôأʳȵǵׯڿգʱһڵġ
˵һ̾ǱϾǱµҴƵİգʵǺݲʵǺ޲ңⶼ޹ؽҪģΪңΪһжɵģûмʱֹӣӶ³ǧ˻ĻҲᱳһѪծˣҾһŬȳ棬Ȼû뵽ǻȻĿŻȳԼׯڣ޶ԣ֮£ֻܳ²ߣʳչȳ棬ýؤ
һ˾Щؤǻʺ˼ٰģ
ͷҲôֲܲôٲʱɱȳ棬һȳӵܱߵҴưҵ¾ͻȳ档ʵҲѾ֤ȷģЩĲɱصĻȳѾ˲٣Ҳûӵļ󣬵ⲻǳ֮ƣΪʳѾʣ޼һգһ֮ð
գɫȻȻ𣬽ʳɶûˣһô
ţֶгڴͿ
ͻȻǷģҽǹѣһ᲻ϧһдۣΪʳҾκһưգ׵ʧȥǵʳûнǾ뿪ġ
һ̣ǾǾеһ⣬ȼ˰еϣЩڲԼ֮ǰ˻ʺЩҲԼ»ں޵ᣬּﲻǰӣ˰ǣھβѣ׷׹£޵ʺǶԲ㰡
ǶԲ㰡
￴ЩգһĨâ


1940 ȳ澭
ʱӢۡ
ǧʱơ
ԭһͻΣۿҪٲ֮ء
żգһ˵תⲻûдΪ˰еľ
͸ϻغһֻҪܹԳУôͳΪһӢۣҲϻΣӰİǲɹġ
ȻһжǺġ
ҲǸУһӰԴ֪֮սܹȥôǲҲΪһС£ֽٲ֮أ
ڽⷢⷽ棬óģǼⷽ棬ҲǺյĶ֡
Ϊµǣĵı£ʵ˸о־塣
ǲôһ̣İնŽԣΪѾʼɱȳ棬ʴֻ
ȣҪá
￪ʼ֯ȳ棬ȣúлȡۣʼÿѧͻ֣߰յĻȳϰԣ˵еļѼǸȥȳϲѵĵشȥԻȳ档
һ棬Ƿա׽伫ȫ沶ɱȳ档
˵һֱһ⣬ΪѾԣһ£ȫжǧİգòɱȳ棬ҲûʳѾȳԹˣⲶɱǿ֪
ȳ濪ʼ١
Ҳõ˽һƣûܱɢ
ҲָӰղɱȳ档
һգ뺫ա֣С¬ʦӲ졣
С˲μʺ󡣡
ֻһʮҵũһĴ£ǰ
񡣡
Цʵũ
Сǡ
һֱѼһ١
ǵģС˼һֱ
ũæͷȴ͸Ŀ⡣
⼦Ѽǻȳ֮УΪЧķֹȳ棬͢ģͶʼҵȡֳļѼֹȳ֪֡ǷȤ
ũ㶵Ŀ
æǳ͢ϢǮ㣬ֳݣҲ˵Ǳ֤һ׬Ǯ
ũȫţôõô
յ˵𲻴ӦɣҪӦҾˡ
һ˵ϸ磬ЩӦɣ˵㷢ƣһơ
ũ͵һС˴ӦС˴Ӧ
ЦȥæɣȻԻǢ̸¡
ǡ
ߺ㿴յҴƵʥֻҪ漰ǮҶŲɡ
ǫһЦʺˡ
֣еʺѾЧĿסǺֺʳ⣬ûг׽ֵʳѾʣ޼ңˮԴҲøˣǵøϽжĻٹһЩӣЩͽ¶
һ̾첻꣬Ҳûа취
յǴģǵؿɾǽ¡
һ˵֯Ǵ򾮣
յͷ
Ҳֻˡ
¬ʦԵʳأ
ҸݡݡݵʳУҪõ㹻ʳͱ
֣е˶ܣԸˡ
Цһ̫ԭƻӦÿ
̫ԭƻ
֣С¬ʦԽһ㶡
̸ǽһ顣
֣С¬ʦŻȻ
ֵʼղ飬֣Ļ֣ѵĳԣ˭ҲȥͶҪȥǱ뿿Ͷȡʳˣ͢ӽдͶЩ·ֻҪ·һޣ˾ͻų̫͢ԭƻǽЯߴʳˣЩطļ⡣
Ϊ͢ԤҲǳǱ߲Ÿո˽ѧԺռǮȻóǻҺյļƻʴ˺ս黹ȴӽд
оģǻ飬ǳ򵥡
ǱɣľѾĽвʮᣬȻ󵽴ʳǮĲ࣬ǣ˹˵ģܱˣʮļֵġ
ڻֽһõ֮ɳ͢ʣӶ·򾮣ʵĻǾǹܱİգѾǷǳˡ
ΪȾѾˣǮǶʳ׼ˣڱϣǲҽǻ֣ǼǷǳµġ
ֵѾήֿ͢ʼͶ·
źѾǳȷ˿ʼǴŴʳʼ
һʱ갡
տߵĳӣǻ衣
ʺûƭǣΪʳ

⺫С绹⺵ֶûйȥһ㶯ҶûС
Ǯ󷽼ܱһƬͣҶŬĸɻеȫһ
һ£ؤأ洦ɼɱԽ
ļ׵˵ⶼΪʺ󣬸С絹ûжĹϵ
Ǯ󷽵ˣ˵ӻ飬ǻʺ󣬵Ͷ·£һǺС硣
ҲǷ׷׵ͷ
šʲô㰡
ѽζһǵһŵʲô
ǴǱߵľﴫġ
·䣬һ˾Ŀȥֻһľ棬·Ŵ׷ڴڵĳš
ԷͦͨģʲôʱҲ硣
׼ȥʱͻȻ֣֡ɳһںľ˳
Ǯ󷽼æĹӣĹӡ
˹ʵǮҸ
ǡȳ档
Ǯ󷽸׼ѯʣɶһŵľһźĻȳ棬ŵɫҰס
ֻ⽫еĿ쵽ǮǰŵǮ󷽾вѡ

ֺĴЦš
ĪѽȳǺóˡ
˵ţֱҧһֻڴڵĳţ֨֨ļ̵һصļƤֻޱȵĶġ
⡭ȳγԵã
Ǯ󷽶³ˡ
ֵǷʹˣҪĲˣȳ棬ǰҲҳԣ˵ǺСƵģǲŹһֻζǲ
СƵģ
Ǯ󷽾ȵ
ɳǵͷſȥʡǰСʳһȳ棬˴Ļȳ棬Сֽȳ⿳ɸֲʽ˶ȳ棬ʵķǳԣҿǵĻȳ跹ζһЩ
ǷǳµģǮһգⶫ϶һ⣬Ҳô£ôóô
ֵбҪƭô㳢һֻԡ
ǮԥΣǹȡһֻȳ棬ֶſ˰죬һᣬУ۾ҧţҧҧţζͦģִࡣ
ɣҪϾƣɾ͸ζˡ
ִȡһݺݹһڽȥ̹ѽ
Ǯʵ͵ô
ֵǵǣҲͦ˵ģһǮ


1941 ׼Ե·
ݡ
ة¹֪ܱضвȳ档
һŹٷӣл㱨
΢΢һ㶣ȳ棿Ϊʲô
ǹԱͷҪһЩֳˣ˹ȳȥϣ֮⣬Сּţǹȳ棬зµòʽ⣬洫ܶϢ˵ȳ͸һֻҪ׵ǶģѾвٰԴΪ׽ȳ棬ݵĻȳڼ١
һЦЦλʲôǮϵֻҪǮϵȻвԸȥ׽ȳ档
ǹԱѽǷչȳ棬ֲ׼Ƿջȳ棬Ҷ֪δôĻȳ棬û뵽ԭȳ滹ܹǮ
еͷЦһĻֻϿԿֻҪͼЩȳ˵Ķ֡
˵棬ǳһ
ֻҪȶס֣ôѵһǹˣǲ֮أ֣κ߶Եò԰

κݸã
šζѽ
еĻȳ濾һܣ͵͵һԵͻȻǱһ죬ʺҪҪ
ʶĶ㿪üÿĵĶ
յɲģ㣬һǮһ˼ĳϽƶɵģЩҪóԵĶࡣ
ϾܾٺóԣҲϡ
̾˿һֻȳ汾ܹΪʺ⻷ϧ㲻ϧ
£˻
յʺʲô
ȳ档

յС͵ǿҴưݼĵʼٸߣʺ˰ϧԼǲӦʳ⣬Ƥͺ
˵ţҧһֻȳ棬ǳųޣҪǰտһĻۣһǳжģǶΪʺĽ񣬿ϧʺûаסᰡ
컹ǡﶼ֪ݺգЦ˵컨׹ҶԵġ
ʼ磬Ǿ¡
˵ţһ߳ţһߺžƣζ
Էһ°ֵۣԭ㵱չȳ棬滹ôһСȴû뵽ԭΪôֻΪôҲɱȳ棬û뵽ԭһ棬һУȻܹûȳ棬ЧӦ
ò˵һ䣬սĻȳɲȣһ̶ϼĸնûжԣȳŵ棬⻹ܹ˷ϾȳŴĵʡ
ңǰϵļֳˣǣȳǷǳõϣǮֱˡ
ֻҪȳ棬ղɱȳĻԣͻԽԽߣѾҪȥ֯նûûҹȥ׽ȳ棬Ȼܱߵˡ
һʵ̫ˡ
յ˵ıɫΪܲ󣬽˭ֵ֪ǮҶȥûȳߡ
Ҳðսȳ档
ĵطûжԣݸԣһȳôζǻʲôʱˣҶڳԻȳ棬ҳԵô㣬һ̲סģֻҪһԣǮͻ
ûǾ
˵⻰ʱһ˿١
⻹ǱƳġտЦ
һЦֵȻѾڳپ꣬黹ǻһ񻯵ģҲ޷ѽ
Цϡӱ˿ڶ࣬ʳ٣ȻЩطʳ࣬˿١
΢΢üģ˼ǣ˹ӶİȥϣЩϣ
ˡյͷƽʱĻԸ뿪Լļ磬ֻҪ֣նģǨ㣬ǡǱҪҲܹͶŸȥǱߣֻ͢Ҫϸ֧֣һģȥǱߣһҲֻܹ֧ʺš
Ŀ˸˼£ЦľǽưűߵϵһҲ˷ʤ
㿴Ҳ˻ʺæһ¶Լƣǲǳһֻ˼˼һ°
սĻȳ濾쵽ǰ
бۺգͻȻֽ˹Ծͳԣ浱ˡ
ʵҲǱȽ¸ҵģ˼Ҳ£͸
ȡһֻȳ棬˿Ƚͷˡ
ò̰

һۣҰյʳûнѾʴˡ
չһЦʺȻӰ
򴽣Ȼ촽лЩĿһգǰֻȳУûпʼҧĽ޵ӣŤ
յʺʱͬЩһûҧȥʱֻк¡
Ŀһţ˺һۣȻҧȥȻҧȥ֮òôģҲû˵ôóԡ
ЦȻԣ˭ԸǶûгԹˣһʾǮûġ
֮󣬸ϽһھƣһڣȻζ治Ҳٺ³ȳ棬ҲûмҪԵ˼ֽյ˻ȥ
սӹҧһֻһ߳ţһߺžƣܡ
ʱȻ˵ʺ󣬺ʷˡ
һֹ㶼ˡţҵȻ͹

ߺͻȻбĿգʵο
ʲôô
Ҹδ⺫
Ц˽⣬⺫ʷǲֻţǼ⣬ʺ㽫ְ죬ϵĹԱɲǻʺġ
Ц֮
Բԭʺд㡣
ֻЦȻվȥ
ոϽеĿֺ꣬ݺݹһھƽȥĨĨ죬Ȼ׷˳ȥ
ãֻһʮվУŹٷĶţòãҲһ˲ţȷʵǳįԵЩϡ
κݴʷ
΢μʺ󡣡
ˣһ
ȴֱߵ£ۺЦʷأ
һ¶֮ɫ̹ȥ´ʺ𷣡
ﵱʷģ붼ǹˣѾ֪Լ´кΣ˾ܳͷġ
飡
ͻȻһӣվָźȵΪκݴʷȻѰһ֪֯տ֣հաɺ޵ǣ㲻֯տ֣ԣΪ˳֪ΪִԲڤ粻飬㽫κԨҿ㽫㴦ҲΪ
ϣݼֽٰһŵĺ˸Ц⡣
ٿȻڵϣʺ˵ǣﲻ⣬ʹʺҪ΢΢ҲԹԡ
Уһ˿ʡ
ǰʮ꣬κǾһʧ󣬾ǰŬԵ΢
һ˻ȥɱǲΪκݵİնԣһ¡
̧ͷĿ
̾˿û˭ܹʶֺΣԣҽְ죬һһδʷ֪ǵòʧȻҶǷǳʹޣҲ֪㲻ٷͬĴΪİ룬һ͢飬ˡ㡣Ҳϣ֪ܸģֲԼµĴ츣صİա
㶰Σз⣬ͻȻײڵذϣлʺ󣬶лʺ󡣡
Ϊʲô뿪ΪһŮˣͬʱҲԼӦԣȻȴΪ˰գǰӣҪ飬Ե·ˡָжֻںް
Ϊ֮ɡ
˵꣬ͳȥˡ
ȵ֮󣬺ռԲУǰȥļ
̧ͷա
Цã÷庫գ˵Ҳպ֪ĸģ


1942 վ
ȻղһģһģҲ˵ʲôϾ÷һմ塣ȻҲֹֻԲаˣڵ֪ǳڴϺ󣬺վӦҲûʲôͬԣǱ뿪ˡ
£ģǿ˵ֻ帮ˣʵʽܣ͵ĳӣҲãҲΪʲôܹȨֻü鳼ġ
ǴͳĶˣһ֪ͼֶˣԵ·õֶΡ
ⲻǳϧţǿԼ档
ĿǰԣûˣҲûˣѾոһˣĹҲģ佫ְͻģΪԼá
أ϶ҲȡֶͬΡ
˵ҲȤʱһֱ뽫ΪĵĺϵԼĴӪ֮һȷ룬ȻһΣһʧõĸо
ȻֻһСĿǰƻǱȽϾģκΪѵʱ򣬲ѷʱֻʹѵʱĪѹȥ֮ΪһУŬҲûа취ֲʳҪ͢İ
һֱš㲻桱˼룬ȻͬЩ񣬵ҪõʳǾͱøɻ
һΣʵںкܴİΪϡӱʿǷǳǿģ˺͸һ֣ṩһ͸Ļᡣ
塢κࡢǮ󷽵ȴ̶ֱκݶΪǶǳ̫ԭƻģǾ͸ȥ
ȻвˣѾʼ͸أΪһܺõĲ֪һ̫ԭĻЩطļֵҪȥָǡ

κݸá
ֻʮ棬ǳô̡
ϣĲ˵ȳǳԱˣ
ȳ棬ŶѾˣôʲôûУֻлȳ档
ոշôѣеĳԾ㲻ˡ
⺫С绹
һɣС¿϶ܶࡣ
ŵʱ򣬺洫һߺʺݵ
Щ˲һ
ʺ
һֱΪǺӼǣϾǿɲֵģͶʵģ˵ʺʲôݣʲôݣȫûмɡ
ϣǻӭӻʺ󡣡
ɳȷӦ
ЩǸϽվ˫Լϵţﲻ塣
ðΣֻһȺ˽Ϊһˣǵʺ
ա֣С¬ʦԡ
μʺ󡣡
һ˸Ͻ
¶΢Цʾλ񡣡
Ȼ¶紺һ΢ЦЩ˻Ǳнš
£ֵλ
лʺ󡣡
Щ˼֮󣬲սս£ʲôʱܹʺһãǰǸ޷ġ
ĿһɨЦָչûʲôдλһǶ
ңҡʺˡ
Щ˿ɶǳϻ̳Ͽ֣ǣѾܸӣʵҲҪ
ǶǳĴ̣ԶˣΪ̫ԭƻɣ
Щ͵͵ţƺЩ̫˼
һЦǾǣǾͲǣʲô˼ģңܹҶԴ˸еǳˡҲǣ̫ԭƻĿľǹͶʵģǲĻҷеǳʧҷǳġ
ʵҲˣ෴ҷǳͬˣΪҸ׾˳ҿ˵֮ŮҴӲΪǽթģǱ΢ġӦҲ֪̫ԭ֮ʱҸҲ㾡Ҳƣʥƽ£ðԶսһȫĹ棬ѵΨͼԣҾ˶⡣
̹
⻰Ż̹Щֻÿëϸ׶չ̾ľ١
˵Ҳûдȷ֮Ůʿʼһľˡ
ּѽһӦҲ˳
ЦŵͷˣԴϻΣ֮ҿ˵ƣʴҸӾãһǿĵ۹ʧȥˣǺǲɹġҶ˵ΨͼΪǡǡƣһΣͿɼһߡ
ʿụ̃ʿΪף˶֮ӣȻһѣЩ˶׷ӣûеҲӲʲôáʱΨԸΪʳΪ֪ԽߣƷͻԽֵǮһʳڽܹӶļֵ²˶࿴һۣأǾ޼۵ġ
ҲΪڳû٣˵⻰ˣȴҿ𡣶ԣʳΪģҲĿʲôֻҪʳҾ֧㣬ûʳվٶľأЩ˵ô࣬Ҳûһ׹ʲôá
˵Ŀ΢΢һƳ֣ɡ¬ɡʷǶǶˣΪ˵öô
¬ʦԵʺ˵õȷеǶҲһöûУǿɶǶ˳һʼûţȳ棬ȶסľƣҲû
ݸ¬֮ɼȱһɰ
ЩĻŭţһҲ¬ʦ֮ԣԭڻʺĿУǸһȼϣʺ̫ˡ
ȡȻᡣ
ͻȻһƵĿŻʺ󣬵ʺ΢һ֮
˵
ƵΪʲôĸˣʺȴֻ
˵ͷȥ
Ҳ΢΢鴤һ£ûֵǲȱٵģǶҴַԱĴ۹ëѻɽͬʱȱʳʳѻɽͬʱȱëչȥҴƵ۹ǺѰٳ߸ͷһҪˣܹҴƸصԴϣ䷢ӳļֵһҴƵĹϣǴ׬ǮӦ׬ģΪΪңΪգǵ裬ңԽԽˣ˴ƷáǧҪںǵģǲԷƱӦһ㣬ΪǶڹҶԣǷǳҪġ
һǶѾˣͨ졣
ⷬ˵ʵоݰ
˲Ծֱͦ塣
ôͲǵͷͷأ
֣С¬ʦԵǲ֪䱳壬ǿȷҪˣΪⳡΣԣҪĿǰʳˣһֺǡ
ⲻ֪Ҫÿɲôһ档
ֵǴɷģڳ͢Ҫʱ򣬽ʳˣ͢ȻҲ֪ͼر֤Ǵ׬ȡǮԼõһУⲻǿɳܵģӦõĻرûǵõô»ؿһûУնܶڱ£ҶԣûʲôȰյҪҪоˣһ¬ʦԡ֣ɡʷʲô֮ҲֱҷӦ
˵ͻȻվˣҪ˵þô̸࣬ɡ
Щ΢΢һ˵ѽ㵹˵һǲżġֻʺɾ֮Ҳ֪㣬Ͻͻʺ󡣡
𷽲ŵ֣̿һͻʺ󡱣ǳ𾴡


1943 ƻ
Ȼ뺫մ֮Ź˵ߣǱϾߣȻǹߣͲ˵÷ǳȷרΪ˶ƶߣͻ˵ԶԶ
ǻ֪﾿οǵġ
Ҫֱ׵ԡ
һǳ϶ıʾ֧ˣҲɣΪʿ˳ˣǷĸô
Сôһ򵥵ĹϵǸ֧һǳɡ
һԣҪģҲĺڡ
˵Ⱥϣελȹ̣ǲܴﵽĿģΨܹõһС
ȻʷҲ˻λʷûоôһΣĽҲûб˭һˣȻߵ·һȫһˡ
һҲӮ˵ģ˶λʺ󣬿ʼĿ࿴¶ʺеĵλǰôòҪ
ֻҪ˼ˣϸڷ£ҪȥܣҲҪȥҲ֪Լû£ҲҪܵĻһģ͸ϻؾΣһҲΪԼǿԵģҰճǳ˼ˣˣǽȥʵͳֻҪ˾ˡ
ҲΪʲô֮ϣʵɵ£Ҳɲˣֻ߱ⷽͨˣǴ򣬻Ǵ߱ⷽĻ

飡
ιιιˣ
ӣ
ȻعֻѾڷλϣ¶֮ɫ
պǺһЦһʺ󷽲ûнҹɵ˵Уվ˶һߡ

ҶЦ
նʱɲ١
һʺ󷽲˵͢Ҫ֤ܹеΪҪǲܴеֻ˵һ⣬ǾһȺ
Ǻ΢΢һǵһؼ⺫գһ˵Ļ
֣С¬ʦԵǼ߲ˣңһֱҲϣԼһϣһֱڴְĹС
С磬׬⣬˵ⲻ׬Ǯͳˡ
˵ֻһѡ
һָ漴ǿǺϣԭĻԴǳ֣ԭģ˵ģɹļҪʲôʳ·ߺ϶Уңµһ˿ڡʳҾͲö˵ϵ˲ǿɶһһģʷ̫ǳƬϣôһͶʻҪ׬Ǯǲʲô
ƣˣˣɼ֮λǶôҪ
ؼ˲ҲΪĻķأԭ˵ĴͳǰǨ֪ʶ˵ѧģǴģһҶѧУѧϰŴǸӣ˲Ŷĵطһ㶼ȥı䡣
ǷǳҪģ𿴺պɣʵǷǳصģʲôʧ¶ᶯ
Ǯ󷽺ٺЦС˵ǣкСָǼ䣬͸Ӱˡ
ǼǼ
Ȼһã浽ʱǻԺհ
ûʲô˵ġ
ʼ磬ʲô׬Ǯġ͢˵ǿ̫ԭʵΪƬءڴ֮ǰΪʲôϡӱҵһֱһԭ򣬾ܱûгũһ£㹻ʳԸ㣬ǸĻȥݵĻɽߣһ̫ԭɾʹһˡ
˵ͻȻ溰

ֻ̧һľľһŵͼǰĵͼҪϸˣҵʲô׷Ʒʡ
ǲǶˣµĻû⣬ֻܿͼ˵
վЦ
֣С¬ʦԿЦֱҡͷ
ȴǺٺֱЦҲʲô񷨣ֱӴ
ΪκݴʷĴڸ൱֮ͣΪǴͳĶˣ̫ûйأ˭һûйصˡ
ϸͼǰ棬ͼһָ̫ԭ̫ԭ֮⣬һƬ붼壬ǱߵĲԭ˵һƬԭǷǳģлó׼ֵôһ̫ԭ̫ԭ̾ͻΪһݵóг
ֻһʼǼ磬̫ԭгȡ˳ɹһʼóסϸԺΪģǹеȫгҲǳɽӴгϱ߾ݡҵĳУһ޼ʵг
óױڼǲó׵ģһĸгȫ죬ӶߣǴߣ㶼뾭ϣˣĵȵĸгȫͣóٱֹңƽԭͨ˴Ϊؼǣ֣ʳ֧һӴóģԭΨкϷ⼸Ҫء
ңͶʲôƣһ㣬Ǹǣȵ֮һȫ׬Ǯġһԣˣ°˳͢δ꽫ģϣкӵ·ͽǳ͢ΪҪĹ̡
˵ǼȣҲǼѡ
ԺΪģܱгȫ󿪣Żó׼ֵҵذ
Ļȥĸг
ʵǺϵһݣ÷ԱûгϾǵΪֹ塢HԭȫͨôϾͳΪģΪһ
ͻȻüͷһ壬ȻС˵úеǣĿǰ⺵ֻڼУҲ֪ʱܹ꣬ʼǱڵʲô޷չ
˷׷׵ͷ˵ٺãҪûˮĻ˭ȥ
ÿϺ٣ֲһһӲȫݽߣпݽߵһա
Ҳڴ˹һֱΪǵ֮
ǿ򺫸֪ʷʲô飿
εҡҡͷ
ػؾôһУȥ룬ɲô˵ڶûл֮УΪûмʱ֯տ֣ŵôء
̾˿˵꣬һƭģҲ֪ʱꡣңǴʳҲôˣҪ֪꣬һηգҲҪȵȥˡ͢Ѿ׼ȣʳ⣬꣬ʳҲ϶˵Ҷûʳʳеģֻûʱ˹ȣȻʳˣǾԼǿɲҪǣǴƵЩ죬ŷḻʳͬʱǱҲҪþֻʣˣⲻǸȡôԽߣʳԽ࣬ôǾƲġ
һѽԽ˵ȥϱߡ
յ⣬ôģٲ꣬ͽһǨܱߵأȥǱߵɵҲܲ꣬ȵ֮󣬺Ͻ̷չеĻѣ͢زǵģЩҵõأ϶ڳ͢С


1944 ܶ
һϯĹˣյһ˿ʼ÷
ݺΣĺϵǰǹģǷǳ
ҲǺģϵȷʵĵڣһгչĶ
ҲںϵľõλԶ籱ϣǽȻͬģΪĸ￪ţŷչĸ￪չԼغȻһЩĴƣҪʲôʣڶǿģĸⱬǱӴгҲԭڲó׷ҪģóҲģϾƳشﲩԼԼҲܾõģôȻͳΪġ
ں᲻һֻҪõģϾ;мǿͶʼֵ
˽̸֮󣬺ջص˸õĺá
ʺ󷽲һϯ˵൱Ư
Ц
ﵭ˵ƯͻƯ
ô˵յ˵òƯ޴̸žһأʺ̵ӡ󡣡
΢΢һЦļƻǰһ
ô˵ЦӦ˵ǵļƻ
Ϳġ

ҡҡͷҪʺ󷢱һ˵
ɻĿźա
յһֱмǿгֵ֮һֱûзչӦõصʿ׼̫ǿ󣬶һõĻᣬΪʿһ׽Եú޼ֵҪչϣǻʿڵصӰǾѵĻᡣ
΢һҸ
յ֮ǰͽ̸˵ʳǲܾôİգ͢ҲɲôʳΪ´ջǷǳңԶģǰƻǣһְȥϣںЩ죬ҪΪԭջϰڰǨ
ʵҲʿ׼һΰʿ׼ȻϣΪһʿ׼Ӱ˵Ӱǿ񲻹ô˵ʿ׼޷ΪҲòôʳ淽棬κ񷨶Եò԰ˣʺҪڰǰһ˵еԼţȵصİա
˵ţͳһֽϣΪʺдøӡ
ùһüһ壬дʲô䶼ͨ˳
֪֪дЩҶԣôģȻдŷѾյһΣҲ룬£ֲ˴д
ΪʲôͲдһأ
Ϊһûбҵͱ˷䵽ˡ

˺һۡ
յҲûʺ˵ֻǼ㣬㽫ץסˡ
濴һ£ĿͻȻ˸˼£ݵдò
յ䶼ͨ˳Ҫݻأóȡ衣
һЦͷ֪ô˵ˡ
̾ͻʺִˣʡࡣ
ЦıʣҲֻ˺΢һ㣬ǿ


磬ںա֣С¬ʦԣԼһ˵ͬ£Ӳ졣
ѾΪרԹûĸʺţս̸ֳָ
İҲѾϰߣͻȻֻʺߡ˵ûλʺڰ̵ӡ󣬳ʺȻΪͺ󣬵Ƕڶ˵ӡУմûмʺҲ֪ʲô£ģӡȻ̣ǶӡֱӵĽлļ䣬ӡȻһЩ
Ȼ͢ῪϵгũɣʼǺϵĻڣԶܸıģˣڿгͬʱһҪũɣҵũ񣬲ңһҪõصĺӵľһλֵһԭ򣬾Ϊÿµġ
ߣһ޼ʵĿ֮䣬ϣ·һ޼ʵĵ
Ҳϣ
ϣǷǳҪġ
¬ʦͻȻʺ˵üǣ͢Ӧǫ́һϵеߣصĻΨлˣҵŻᷱ٣һѴʧǲģΪٶǮֵֹ֣õġ
š
Цŵͷֵ˳͢¹滮Ҫڷչҵͬʱ˺ũҵ
ʵľʱѾˣɲģѾʶÿʹúˮģԼһЩ̬Σ
һǱκݵũҵֻٰڸɿݵũа̾Ƿ֮ʱûոֻ˵ȥȳʣµĹ
ʺˡ
Ҳ֪˭Ľкһ
ܱߵİΧ˹ŪñеѹʺгΪ̬ѹȻ
ȴһҲ£ǰеʵǵջô
ЩԣǴͷɥ
ʺǽճһɶ
һϺһͿũʳ飬һ㹻ʳֻҪЩʳȳˣҲеǳĵģοǶѾɽˮ
һ̾Ȼ͢ѾͶʣʳҲеİա
һ˿ֻŵһ꣬Ǹι
ѽһգɻһ֮ãѵҪô
̱ÿֻҪ֪֮ǰеڴϡ
Ｑæλ뵣ǣ˵Ҳ׵ҴƵİǰʧȥһ뾡һа취Ƕɹѹصġ
ֶڴĿ
֪λ˵͢䲼
˶һãȻɼǵϢǶôķա
ֵνġЩ֮ȥƹԭĻȥ̻Щģһֱ룬ʲôطܹԭĻ˼ȥΨкϡԭĻԴ֮أǣҲǣܹԭĻҲϣϵİܹ
ũԣʵ̫һ㡣
һʵʳкιϵ
ﲻʵûз֣Լô
£Ⱑ
ʵмӣ
˵
ΪӽػӵеĶô
ҡҡͷ̾κݺûжطַˡ
ͷôز࣬˿һֱӣؿ϶ãһҵǿʢ񣬲ңڹԱôҵũôũòãӣΪũ˹֮
һֱţһҪũϸӸԣδı£ȥŬûõģԣҪҵķܶҲϣǹ֪㳣ֵӦȥݡݿǾͻ֪ʵŷǳƶ
ԭյľʵǷܶںܶǰﶼһƬƬǵǵĺˮسģӦøǵһܶȥأӦֻ״Ӧȥȡáڵ
˵һǶѾİ˰ɡǰݵһֻ֪мĶأǿҪĶࡣأѾΪӵҲƣΪ״ϵŬͷܶõһУͨܶģȻԣҲܹͨܶ


1945 ǳ
ȻҶڡǺ˽⣬ǷǳϤգΪᣬǾһ棬ǺűϾǳǳ̫ƽʢ˵Ǵδйġ
Щũ񶼷ǳݵĿźա
ŪúնЩ˼ʺǹˡ
һʮ꣬ͻȻʵҲܶؾô࣬ٷܶ͢Ҳûжظǡ
еġ
ЦʵϵŴĻĵأǵĿˣǻںһЩ棬һ˾ȵһȣϧЩδˣǶóֻ֪ϵӶķôõءԭգڡ̿࣬еǣڣΪֻԭİղӦӵôõأҽ鳯͢ЩǨ˿ڹȥԭÿһնӵһ޼ʵĸأԭնϸԣ
˵úã
ּͻȻ˵̫ˣλףǹеѾвѾ£ȥЩ죬ֻǴưղӵôõأӵЩƸ
ΣСǷ˰ɣȻҴϻʺ˵յðһͷ亹Ҳ֪Сǿŷӡ
ʵ⻰ڹŴ治ǿȣΪԭӵŨ壬ԭ˵˵ܱ߲ģǵ֣ûһóƺ
ռЩûзӦæվλףⲻڵڱҪõ٣Ǿ͸٣ǱߵãĿǰǻĵأҪȥģǸλ룬ӵеԶ⼸Ķأ޷ܵõ͢ǲǿǹȥǱߵģԼú룬Ǹ⼸ĶأǷһȡأһũ
Ǹ꼤ҵǺȥǡҶ֪ȥ
Цô˵ɼ㶼ûôţСնǱܣֻҪȥǱߵ·ϣһܹͬ·ˡ⣬ЩˣĿǰȥǱߣҹǮǷǳģˣֻҪ߳ʳͲ⣬ϡһʳöԲˡ
ҶЩˣдһ˿֮ɫǿɶǴͳũ򣬶ĲΡ
عλ׻ģŵߣҵĿľҪҴưնϸԣ͢ᱣ֤ǵһȨ棬ܵκѹȡǱֻ֤ҪŬܶǾͽӵһƬء
ֵ治֪ǻԥɶøѾкܶ£ǿɶԸǻлʺǱ֤Ҫȥˣôɶñ˸ռˡ
ҲǵͻǱ߲һͻȻʺ㣬ҪȥǱߴһ
ҪȥܶҪϸԣ
Ҫ

աʽƣЩʼ÷ǻ˵ʵҲûжѡ񣬱ңᵽǸ˵ǣؾô࣬࣬лر㵽ÿһףûʲôչռ䣬ǳ徢ʮ㣬ҲܵһЩӰ죬ȻϢգҲ˵һЩı仯Ҳôȥ
һ𱬷ԭһɷܶӸð˳
ҲǷǳٴǱ֤һǴƵũΪҸũҽһʵָĿ꣬ΪȻΪǴƵİ͡İգӦҪõࡣ
ҶĻ޵ĸʺʵǻവ
ò˵һӮðѽʲôҲˡ
ҶϺ֮£ֻܺƣƭİգǱЩ˽⣬Լ͢һЩ֧֣˵͢ʱֱӹ滮ظաʵˣҲҪūİգҲϣԭȥǱߣΪϲռƣҲ£˵һԭȥһٸūһ˼ұԼǱ١ңЩطȻһЩ죬ǵطҲСҪʳߣҲЩũӰǵ档
һݣռ죬ҪĻ͸ҪԭôȾҪԭǨǱߣҲǷǳ
ţͻȻ֣С¬ʦԲˣ£ͻȻ֣С¬ʦվϣһڽ̸
ղ棬зɱûʺȻҲ˹ȥ߽һ˸ԼһͣΪһɽԵһЩüĿ㣬ʮֿһ˲š
С磬ˣ
˼գϽǰһ
£Ǽô
Լǰڳйһ֮ԵʱС绹㲦Ҽ䣬ǳ
ϸһûκӡ
֣кǺǵС磬ɻǵǵһؼ档
ֲҷˣҸҪǵáü롣
֣ѵϽȼðգһȥġ
ŶŶˡ
ִһˡ
Цҵʱպﻭ
Ҽȫˡ
յǡǡ
Цͼϣҵֳһʮ£֮󣩡
ԶԶԣʥ֮ĺˡȫˡ
ǣǡ
ͼͷ
ֺ֣ô֮󣬾ûټأ
ͼЦⶼΪС統һ
ѽ
ȫǵõʱ˵ʲôҵʱ˵ʲô
ǵõʱ˵ʲôҪĻʱէûʲôƻҲȥƱˡ
ͼЦС統ʱ˵ҪΪһңͱҪзḻ벻֮䣬̫ΪףΪΨ˽⣬īڲϣĻֻܵϡʮ䣬߱ϱһԼĻһ߷ḻԼǰЩӣҸպôǱ߻;ʱϻ֣ѡڴͣϣֵܹ龰ոպϻʺ󵽴ˣҾٵûʺһĻǳѵã
ô˵⻰ôȫǲˣֺԼ˵ã÷ǳҲ֪϶һ˵ΪȫûбҪȥͼһ˵Ȼܹһ˸ıԼ켣ܷҿղŻĻ
ȻܹҵõСָ㣬ͼĸ
ͼǼѡ
εңңʵ治Ǻܶ
СǫˣʵС粻㲦ңҺСԴĻͼǴ۽磬ҲͼĻһ¥˵СͼĶʦ
ǡ𣿡
ͼֱͷ
ˣ鷨ȻΪ֮˵ʦЩ̡ߵǰĿȥֻһȺվİϣһλӺݻĸվм䣬·ڼ˵ʲôվڲٰգãȻĿλˣţȴ͸һ˿ڴ
ǻΩΩФÿ˵鶼һ
ҲҪ㣬һڶǰա
ȻҲԿĻ
̫ˣ
ֱҡͷǼһؽʷᰡ
ͼæСˡ

հڰ֣㲻һʵǼֵǧţԸ⻨ǧ
ԼĻҲͼ£ǺСϲԸ⽫һںС磬ҲǱʦ
ģĻµģҲڹ㡣շǳ˵
ͼҲĵĵͷԼϲⱾһҰ
Ҿȴ֮ˡ
ǼѣǺϲʷʱ̵죬̫ˡ
֣С¬ʦԵȻ⻭Ȼ÷ǳҲ˵ʷᣬ˵ļ
ⲻ֪ںտܾһʱĿʼ
պȻһת˵⼸߱ϱһ˲ٻɡ
ͼͷ٣Щһһ
һĿ˸ţЦ⻭ҲҪģҾٵ㲦㼸䡣
ͼĹֵܵõСĵ㲦ͼҰ
յϻ˵ȥҪ˵þǻСʵҲһּ¼͸ʷһЩֻǷڼ޼ֵģһóչôҶĻð֪ԭģԭģԭʺôָյģȻֻһĻܹҴƵòչڰǰЩո˽ǵĹңԼ۽硣ңһ˵Ĺ£ҴƶԣҴưնԣڶԣһʱĲƸԶԶڻĺûϣܹЩóչֻҪͷˣĲҪܣȫš
ͼŵ⡭У׾õó֣УС
հڰֵЩ󻭼Ҳδ߱ҴƵĴϱԶȻҪѣЩļֵҪԶԶڻļֵ
֣ЦͼС۹ǲģȻô˵ΪԳһ¡
ͼˣ⡭
Цң㲻ЩóԶ֮ĺˣó㽫ҴΰĻңһᳬȣҶԴŲɵġ


1946 ʩ
Ƴ֮ʵһֲֵķʽƶƳ˵һ֮ȥƶ֪ǲʵģҲûʵ֣ΪҪܶܶı仯ҪȫĽҪѭ͹Ȼչģʴڸ涼µһЩӣЩѾѿһϵеӦЩûжЩӵķϣǳ͢ı䷨
Ȼͼֻ˵ǴӺвСĵȥӣȫûԤϵģҲδģҲľϲ
СһڣڽɶһʷǳǳĲƸ
˽ΰʱ
ȻձͰЩˣһֱˣЩ治ڻڻݣûƬǾ޼֮ȵƬˣЩļֵ͸Թ
ͼǲ̫Ը⣬ΪŴǿֵģģͲôһԼΪԼкܶ಻㣬ᱻЦģҲûƤ
ǺһҪչҪ죬ֻŻʺģûģ֣С¬ʦԿͼˣԼǷ̵ĻصǱȥˡ
СЩʲô˼
ͼЩ£ΪԼĻ֮Ҳûк˵ôš
֣ҡҡͷҲ̫ףǡˣΪʮ棬ǻķʮأ
ͼæȻ棬ߵĵطԽ࣬˺Խ࣬һøӴݣңһξҲһġ
֣ЦȻ˵ĻβźСһأ
ͼһ㶡
¬ʦЦС˱ķ棬Ҳ˵۹⻹Ƿǳ׼ģȻô˵Ǻаյģβһ£Щܹ˱øмֵֶֺΪأ
ͼɬһЦЩĶò⡣
ǱߺջصԣСʺʱˣǵûȥˡ
ͷʵ㷽ȥأ
յһλˡ
ˣ
￴ߡ
յͼϵӵܣҸʱһ档
ԵͷͻȻšһȻ˷·𱻶סһ㡣
æʵôأ
ָ̧һЩ΢΢һԼգȻ͵̧ͷȥ
ƺҲܵʲôһĨϲɫҲ̧ͷȥͷһƬˮ鿪ʼ䡣
ˣ
ˣ
ˣ

ͻȻĽк˶ֱӹ䣬߾ٵ˫֣죬ϲõˮˮһջȥ
ǮЩҲǼѣ໥ץסԷĸ첲Ц
²꣬ǶԴ˴ͶʵǣҲΨһģȻΨһĹҲһĵɢ
ﵹûǰţֻһЦǵκ˶Ҫ
ⳡ겻ǻ飬ΪҪǣܹ죬϶ԣʵ̫İ
ͻȻЦʺӦøϽ߰գΪ壬жϲԡ
һЦҿûôƤ
յҽʺϽ뿪
Ϊʲô
յΪʺһ磬̫ʺվС
ͷһƮһΣüӵôЩ¡
˵ţݺݵĵ˺һۣȻϽȥ
մúˬΪȽȣһʪĻģ찡
һ󶼻ᱻˡ
շŰֹۣҪһˣҲ˵ˡ
Ȼعͷ˵ʲô
˵áһΣȴƣǹģ䶼ô顣
ҾͣߣܿϵĻ£ȥ
Ҳ뿪ˣЩũɶûߣﻶֵ裬Ÿ裬ˣأ޷еϲ֮鰡


ԹԵΣҿûŪʪȻĻҷǵÿȥ
տɲһص͸Ͻͼ͸ĻһͲװţûŪʪ
ڸʲô
ʵ
̧ͷһֻ˽ѾһҺɫȹȽϺʵÿ̸ϡʵǴأĸģЩǿڸǵġ
ŶǸղͼ͸ҵ

ǰһ⻭òô
շŰ۵ʺǻͻҲ棬Ϊʲô˵㡣
Ŀȥ
еһָⲻô
ֻа

Ȼһ̾Ҫ֪ڻңվô޴λϣǵġ
ƺעȫǻϣûע⺫˵ʲôܲÿһЩҿ
Ȼ˵ͻȻͷȥȻǿԵģǣҵá
һҪĲɡ
ߵ
С
ÿ
ǰϸţԽԽϲȻע⻭棬ֻΣǿȻǵߣ޷Լʱ飬Ҳûעܱߵ飬ʱһоÿһ飬ÿ˵̬ǳԣԽԽǰ֡
һԵĺպܵǣһʺ㿴ûУ㿴Ҷûл·ġ
ȥɡ
ֱһ֡
Ҫȥ·һܼ⻭ôպǺǵҾͽ⻭ˡ
Ȼᣡ
ȥ·⻭ٿ
պǺǵǿɲУ⻭ҵǳش󡣡
㳵ѵ㻹͵Ĳɡ
ȻǡյǺ£ʺ̣˸͵ˣɲǻʹ˵̫ˡ
˵Ҳͦϲ⻭ġ
֪յҪĻҾ͸һ
֮鷨㻻Σ
յ鷨֮Ǿͱﰡ
Ҳử

һ̧ҿǻửģһʺ㻭ѵʺˡ
ֵù֮漣㻻

أҡͷЩҿҾͿöʺǧǮġ
ﵱȻǮûôɵβֻӣ⻭ңӦҵġ
֪ŮŲյҲ棬ʺܹԼ
ֻаһ˵֣ɣҲŵġ
յ֣Ծҵʺ㻹ǵС˼⻭Ҿġ
ͻȻһ⻭㲻ҪẦ㣬ҲẦҡ
շŰ۵ʺ·Ҿˣ㻹ҡ
ҾǺ㡣
Ȼ⻭У˶֪⻭˭⻭ֻͼղ⻭˷֣ǿɾ˵ˣλش𣿱ϣ֮仹жԹġ
üͷһ壬ʺ⻰Żң̫ˡ
ҪûйϵǺոͲ£ǻд֮ˣ˵ãһ˵ջЩ顣Ϊ棬Ȼ֪ŻЩң֮ӦݵģŻǱʲô
ֻԷһҪȥͼ㣬Ҷá
յ㵱ɵѽҪͼ̾ͻҪѵͼôһԼ͸㣬и顣
ͷˡ
ɣպݺݵΣּ֮ӹ֮Ļ㡣
£㲻˵֮Ǳ֮ĻҲô
յȥ͸ŮôҽȻĻҾ˺⻭
һЦðɣ֮⡣
տ飬ҧгݣľȥ
ȥ
·
ͷҲص
Ƭ̣ȵճ֮󣬲Ц
·ؿǹɻѹѾõĶݺݵ˳˵졣


1947 Թ
κݳϵһլС
ףСΪλ㽫Щóչ
֣нĿϵĻƿ˼
¬ʦҲЦŵͷ
ͼȴһʵи磬ΪΣ
֣ЦͼĻѾǽȣʢ
ͼǫиˣͼҪиѧϰġ
Ѿ֮УǽǮ򽻵ЩҲòˡ
֣вԳһЦʱҲֻұЩΨͼ֮ˣң뵱Ǹ־ԼЩ˸Уܿ죬˸ֵֻ߳ģ㻭ѿҲ˵Ŀ⡣ҪǣЩ󻭼ңöɽˮ׷һ⾳Ļ뻭ȴˣ㻭еÿ飬һ֪䱳Ĺ¡
¬ʦԵͷЦҲ߹ٵط㻭һЩطҿ⻭ʱð˳ˣһδţҴƷԱÿطķ鶼һǿЩʱһ÷ǳ棬ҲȥȥߡӦÿ˿Ļܲͬ뷨ӲͬĽǶȥǷǳȤġҾбҪЩó
ͼʵòóҵνҾ»Ц
֣ЦֻҪСû˸Ц㡣
Ϊʲô
ǲ֪񳤰İնһֹʶǾǺСóĶһǺõġ
ҵǲͬ
¬ʦҡҡͷõȻͻϲ⻭ԻܴҵϲЩЦ㣬ֻһЩ֮֮Ц㣬ҲֻΪ㣬ֺαȥںЩ˵Ŀ
¬֮
Ц
̧ͷȥֻմ˽֪ǻ˵ҾͲüŸ
֣кǺЦ֪뺫СĲ
Ŷһ˻
֣Цһ۱㿴мֵҵȻҪϸȥĥһ칦ȻѾռá
չһЦɼ㲢δȫ֮Убһݴ롣
֣в㾿˶ã
ȵЩ
պǺһЦǰͼļ򣬵ĻѾٿԽʲôҪԼȥ򻭵УЩ壬ļֵУ֪ʲôֵóһҵ߾硣Щ˻ˣĶ壬һ۾㹻ˣЩ˻ȻôĳɫĶֵ˼һû
ͼü˼ΣͻȻ̧ͷлСָ㣬֪ôˡ
ЦŵͷпյĻＸ켸ҹš˵䣬ĿĹˣһ͸һ˿ڴźֻϧҪǻص͡
ͼǫʱСָܹͼ
ЦȻһὫһ׻㣬ȻѾòˡ
ͼϲ桭ô
յӦңĽһʦӦûôġ
Ǻǡ

֣С¬ʦԹЦ
ĵһ֣С¬ʦԱ뺫һҲû߶ԶԺվš
ˣҲ޺֮ǣͶȣӰ쵽δһ꣬յ⣬Ҫ»ܶ࣬Ǳ뱣֤ϵܹˣôȾҪ滮ãæµʱѾˡ
¬ʦԵͷǰδһ꣬ѵʱ򡣡
յҸʺ󲻻գǻҪȥؿ͵ˣˣȽϴͳȻɫǶҵչȽİҵǣĿǰͦģӦòԤ
֣е˵Ԥ뵱صЩʿпܻԤ
յҪȥǹͨ
֣̾ҵȻҲףʿǧ˿ƵĹϵ
յͬʱҲǻɣԼҪ󳼣ԣ֮¡
֣пЦĵͷ
ǳ½½˼꣬ǵõ⣬ؼˮԴ÷ḻʳˣˮ˲ˣˮ֮󣬽ĹͿԿչ
һǳƴḶ́ΪһҪİնȹΣ棬ҪΣϵҵҪչ̫ԭƻ
һ㣬ȻҪʳ⣬±ҪǶˣǾʲô̸ˡ
СũڽʳϣǾǾȼãûбİ취ͨҪ͢ľȼãֻгͣͨ͢ˣΪһգ⻹УǾһ꣬͢ûôСũõճһһģһûճɣͻǳѹ
ҵãͲô㣬Ͷʣṩ˵Ҳ˵Թ⡣
͢Ͷ·޽ѧԺմӴںϵĽͶʣΪĻ̣İսҲȽϿ죬Ͷʽܹô˲š
һ滮ãôҵҲͻˣûռһأѡƶ֮أǵ·ҵΪ޽ҵҪľǵ·
ǾͿʼģҵͶʣймݵģֱӾ˼ֵʮʳЩһֱɽչʳΪݺյĹ滮ｨõһƵģԭó׵ģȻʮɲκݣϵȻмϣ¢һõ꣬͸һ
ɽҲͶõ꣬óʢõʢõܹ漰һЩҵϢһ⣬ɽôܻøмš
Ҳ׷Ͷ˿Ϊ˿彻ƷͶʷ֯ȥı߶Ƿ֯ҵսҪء֮ҲǶдͶʡ
ҪľҪľģȻս⽨Уʹשߡˮ࣬ľͷǲٵġ
ǰ˵ˣҲΪȿɵģһŵһҪά̬Ϊ翪ģ̬϶罭ϡϵȵءȻⲻ̬ԭԹžУӦÿ׷ݵ뻸ٵʱңҪó׵ģ⻷̫ӣҲǲеģͺìܡ
һ취ǲһЩֵˣǣ㿳һľɳ͢ƽ̯˳ǮҲӦͶʵģ׼ҿô衣
һ壬͵ֲ֡
ֹ滮ֵҪЩطľҪĿĻΪ˷ֹ֡
ͬʱеģҪҪ˹ֿԴٽҵ
ǽе¶һΪֱ࣬ˣڲ·ʲôʱ·
ͬʱһЩ漰ϺˣʼģȥǱߡ
ɶǮһ£סƭ˵İɡ
һģĴ壬һ𾪵ĿһС硣
С֣壬ʺθƭ㰡
ƾɶôǮ
ƾʮֵؾ鰡
ҲֵǮ
֣Ѿˣ汲ũҲͻֵأǴδ˵ֶʮأǮһ£԰סֵôһ¡
СĵĽ͵壬˵òǺôǱ߿ɶǻĵأҪѣĻǱвūǾȱһЩḻũǹӶ㣬ȥֵأȥֵصģҲƹʺ޶ġ
֣ЦֺǺЦһֵأС磬ʺǷܶȥİҲš
СЦܶ˵£㲻һľ飬ǮģԲң㲻ܲŻʺԼɾҪġ
ʵ˱ôߵĹʣǺ˵ǣһḻũ򣬿԰ǿѳǧĶôҲǮģ˵ĻǮͿԵһ㣬ԼȥܶҪܶǾͷչˣһ·ģ˲δ
ϣôõ£㻹ԥɶѽɱҵĹǮҪ߶ˡ
һ˶Ҫˡ
֣ǺЦ˼Ȥ֣һӰ
СЦ壬ûȥ񳤰һЩḻĹÿ¶õʮǮĹǮ
֣ӶʮǮǲǹٵٺ»Ҫô
СǺǵǵǱȲϣ˼ҪǷһɶöٹᶼпܡ
֣۶ߵˣľߵĶӣȴ˫Ŀͨ죬ô뿪ȥ洳һż⼸Ķأǳᱻȥ
Щ뿪磬ô죿
Ȼˡ
ΪҪȥǱߴˣǼûжصģкܶأôܻ뿪ǽˣõʽ𣬻ȥǱһܹأǱߵĻĵؿɶǷǳ˵ġ
ÿ˵ز࣬ǻٳɶ࣬ߵ˶࣬Ҳ١˾ͿʼȦأӡ˰˰ýˣ͵أûǮҼǮǺƶģ˲ռΪ㲻㹻ʽǾûȥǱͶʣǱҪʽȥͶ롣


1948 δͣ
ڹٸԣƺܴΪڼ̵ʱڣĽף漰棬˵æΪгҵĹܣٸʵǲ࣬Ҫǽظãڹ¾Ľװɡ
һףķӦñ˵ҽ˸ǨˣǵصȻ͵ˣⲻǳ͢ǿƵģһӦ͢ҪľҲؽ׵Ĺظá
Ǯǿɶ֣֪Ӧô棬Ҫȥǡ
⣬͢Ҳŵԣϸıϵũɣҵһܽũ֮ϵģԸɷǳǳ߰ӡ˰ΪϵֶڳԣǷǳҪģңû㹻ʳҲ֧һǳóг
Ϊóг˿ڵϳס˿ڿ϶Ҫ໧˿ڵģںȻǺܳģСũ£ǷǳԳֵϵʳǳḻĻҶгġ
ݷչĿ죬һԭ򣬾Ϊݲȱʳĳ֣ϱ˵
ңũĻ˿ֱܾӸũ򡢵ףũֻųеĻؾͶڳ͢У˾Ҫӳ͢أ͢õһǮֿͶʵϣͿԼѹ
ôĻʵҶ׬ҪòǮǵõĻرǾ޴ģũĻһΪԭó׵ģһǣǵҪùĶ࣬Ƕã͢ȻҲá


ĸʱ֡
û뵽ѡʱ뿪
վԺУŸոմ߳
ЦΪʲô
յųϢ߰ջ뿪κݣ˶ãڳͻᵮһ¹£κݰʮͻʺǶôķ⣬ⲻҲһô
΢΢һЦǰĻҿܻô񡭡
ռֹʵôأ
Ƭ̣ʵҲǸѧģֻǱϵķ⣬⣬ĺôҲֻǱϵķ⣬л໵ҾôˣѵﲻҵĺôܻǵøһЩĿģҲΪ˵ģΪ˷⡣
տЦҡҡͷ
ʲô˼
ʼҲ˵ǿʺЩǰɡ
һЦҪҶĵǣֻ»Ҫٵʱա˵ţǱһָ߰ɡ
˵ţȥ
տЦҡҡͷȻ˳ȥ
ҹɫĳκݳǣ
Ϊԣһ㣬ߵ·ߣһлʺδ߹·ߣʴҪȥصİսֻκݺϼ䣬òǺܴ
κһУҲʵϰϾǰҲûôҲҪʵѧϰзԼ֮
ˣȥ֮ķǳݣյĽС
κһ㣬뵱صԼ˼棬Լ֧˵ռ棬ԼġҪôưճΪҸԣİգʵҲۣȡԴռ䡣
ţǷǳܹĵģⱾʵǹ壬ԭĴͳǽȻ෴ģԭͳͳߣܱô޳ܣϻǷǳӵģ׷塢¡һ˵ʵһַǳ˽˵˼ֻԼս塢£˲ҪЩ
Ǿ仰ƨɾԴ⻰˿ɶǴƵİգǵȻеģԼͳӣǵȻӵ
ذݽ֮󣬶Ե÷ǳδϣ
ݡ
ʵЩԼ˵ġ
վһѵϵĴУİϸ̸۵ͻȻС˵
Ҳоյģ⻰Ǽ߸Ⱦģ϶Ǻհ׼ġ
Ҳûзϣֻǵһ㿴⻰ҿԼ˵
еܹϻǴƣѾõܶյӵܹ취նȹһĿܳǴ¬֣
յȣ̫߹¬֣Ŀеĵλֻʮǰ¡ΣҲὫҴԨԣô˵ʵ̫ˡ
һ㶣û뵽ôֱ׵Ļش⡣
յһֱǷǳֱ׵˵˱Ƚա
Ц¬֣֡ǶԣҵȷҲ㲻ʲôӣǱЩ¶ԣٻܹ
յһɽʿѿɽô꣬Ҳɽʲôչֻݴô꣬ݵİձɽİոԣˡɼ֮ˣܹдŵˣûм
еɽʿΪԭĹף󼰵ġ
һûзѽһЦֵˣϵŲٴʿ壬Ҫʿɽʿ壬ʿڴУԵ÷ǳ͵⵹Ҹе棬Ҽǵһ򶼺ܸߵİ
Цû뵽㻹ܰæУǵʿ塣
պǺǵҲǣǵһǵõġ
еҲ˵֪Щߣʿǲġ
յҿûô˵ҲôΪֻΪʿ϶ô롣
ЦЩСʿ壬Ҳ֪Сɽʿ塣
ŶһԸꡣ
Цѵ֪ʵҵߣԴɽ
վȵһ治֪
еӦ֪ɡ
յͷҵȻ֪
еǹٱҲ˳ľҲЩƣһ˳Ϊһࡣ뻸ưԣùҷչҵڹʱ߶֮ڴս֮ʱ۸Ī¸̣ҲĪɽʿ屾ⷽĵڡɽʿ󲿷Ѿ˹ʶҪع̣ɽʿҲʹ˳٣෴ɽʿ岻Ҫʿ֮ףΪ֮ס
˵棬һ
ѵһҲڽ˳ɽʿ壬쵰Ǵ˳紬дհֹһ䣬ȴƾʲôƾ˵ô
ҲҲ
ҡҡͷʵкõһ棬Ҳвõһ棬ʿҲˣȤǣʿĺõһ棬ǡܹ޲˲õһ棬˺õһ棬ǡֲܹʿ岻һ档¼䣬ܹߺһģΨɽʿ塣ֻҪɽܹΪԭ֮䷶ôɽʿҲΪ֮ףҾĵ̣ص񣬹Ҳһɲ䣬ɽʿҲܹΪĵ̣ܹԲӦ䡣
ʵһȤˣһԸ߰ͬʱооӵǫ飬Ӣ۹ڹǺܵ͵ģĵ͵ܣһ·Уʱʱһôٳɶࡣ
ʵҲһֱӮյı䷨ͳ˺ܴһֱڽλɽʵɽʿһߡ
ģ
ЦΪôһλǻ۵ĸ׶еǳԺǸ׵׻׻̻壬ҲûнյңԴĻмǾκζԲ׵£Ϊ֮
֮⣬ҲϵǸӿѾʲôèǺЦʵҲǣֻũҳҪͷأҪԶǶ࣬ϾǵҪԶԶǡ˵Ƿǳڴɽʿܹһ֮зָⷢǰһŪɨأѾֳ档
еͷһģҲǾõȣʿܿͻվǰ˵һллһ䣬ɽʿĵλ᧿ΣϾһֱڴǡ
Ϊʲôŭ񣬲Ϊѹɽʿ塣
һڴʲô⡣֪һﲻ޵ķʸģЦ㻹һɶûб䣬ʲô¶ϲԼ֣ϲ˼ҵ˳紬
еѵļƻŬĴһ˳紬ֻԸˡ


1949 Լ
ʱ֡
ԿˣǶˡ
նһԺڣСҰʯϣһţǵСҰôǳԿѽ
СҰΪó԰
յǻѽҾͳԵЩϻ𡣡˵̾˿˵ģֵܣȱһɣҪСǻҪôŵȳԾˡ
СҰЦŵͷϧССָոճȻĻСֿ϶Ҫġ
˵ӣԽ˵Խˡ
ҡҡͷСڵĻ϶໶ΪСҰһϲ˵ˣСҰ죬䳡ģֻСֹľ񣬲û÷ḻֵʵǷǳģֻϧҶѾҲǰ˵߾ߡ
սеĴӷ£ҲǼȴǽɫƵİмպ⽴ԣͦġ
СҰͷֱһպһ㽴Ȼ
ʵô
ζСҰֵһϲԿ
Ƶ治ӡҲãԵ㿾ҳҵİмˣλȥ֮͸Ͻؽϳɻ顣
СҰʵ֮˭أ
ЦѾѵһ
СҰô
ȻȲ㡣յӦҲɣʱȥǵ֡
СҰЦŵͷ
ֵҸСֵ˼
СҰǺЦ
׼֮ʱ˺ȵдտգܼΪȴԼǴȥĻ
̧ͷһֻվһǰŭźա
Ϊʵһ㲻Щصģûйģ˵ʺһľ˽йǰĻ˵ģֵģûٵġҪ֪һ㣬ʴǷǳעϸڷ棬ǲܵϾסڸõĴԺ棬Ҳ˵ôʷۡóʲô
ס᷿ס᷿мСԺ

ռϻվһ𣬲վʺ󣬲ʺ᳼ˣʵôΪ롣
кιϵ
յⲻֻһֻѣӳȥÿտֵֻһƤ⣬ζǳԵҶǿɾͲͬˣҳ˼ҾɻҸɵĻΪѰƣ֮ãվͺãԣΪݵİճֻġ
ǹǴľ
ǳ⼦ѣô
СҰ֪֮ͦԼûкǿڲţ磬һȥԡ
˵꣬ſȥˡ
СҰܸɴ࣬Ҷԣ˰ɡ
һЦѽ˵ţ΢΢ͷ°ɡ
ū
ǹеһȻ˵ȥ
ɵһüʺӦóԹ˰ɣ
ûУ
ǳɴ
£Ƶԭλ£Ϊ˲䷹
ǰҲҲֻΪİ㹱ס
Ǻ޲óԼһ͡
˵꣬תȥ
һЦ
һֻնһ˹ֻװ׵׷̾ԭһֻҲͲˣŪһóԷ˷ʳ
л
ȨûСһ鼦պպУ׽ţԵͷƤۣζǲ˭ģƺδֲʽ
յġ
Եһ㶡
յû뵽˶Ŷհɡ
ߵҲյĻ¼˲ſɾͶȥôæΪҪ³
յͲˣʵһַɵķʽЩԴ֣ѹǺܴģܹȥһЩȽϼɵһ£ʵڷԼʺʵҲԴɨһһԼ
ûʺȥɨЦҺܷɣʲôѹ˵ţǿͣ˰УĿȥȵôô⼦滹Ѫ˿
ҿȡףѪ˿ѽ£ŶˣӦûɡ
θʱһӿƭӵĵѽּռպͳԣæû죬㻹ԡ
մֵ⻹ģ֪ɣСʱûĳԵʱҶԡ
𣿡
Ȼģûй
΢΢һЦȻּһ顣
վȵʺ⡪ɶû찡
Цʽ˰ɡ
Լã
Ϊ֪һ굽ͷѵóԵϼ⣬һֻһ¾򣬾ζһЩɼƭҵġ
Ƶƽ޾Ǳ˴ƻԡ
ƽǱƭ
ȿȿȡԷԷ
һֳۣһ߳ԣһʵ磬Ҽĵͦġ
£ʺ۹·˷ҸѾСģ벻Ǳʺ㷢ˡ
ʵǲ̸֪ʲôܣСġ
պܼЦ¡
ʿ塣
Լã
΢΢һЦֵߣǶʿ岻ģĴʿ壬¶棬˵ֵȣҲһ㷴ԵûУѵͦɵô
Цʺ˼ǶĲ΢
Цʿһ谭ǴʱǻһֱĬֵǰòôʳֻܳĬǵȾȶ֮һŵġ
Ǳⲻ˵ģǴʵĻҲ̫ء
˵ʲô
յʵûгֹڳչʱʿվԹǽʧˣΪ˴ǿֹģ˵ɽʿת͡
Բôܣ
֪ʺ֪ǹ٣
˵أ
յپƾŷչ̣뻸Ϊһݴ޳֮ԣҲɽʿĵ̣Ҫչֻ̣ɽʿǿ󡣡
ۣοأ
ЦҾĪĺô

ԹųˣȻԭ򣬵Ҳԭ˱Ҫ˼룬Ҫԭ򣬷Ļȵ˷չҲܶı׶ˣ͢ҪעسţעԼʵڹ淶ˣ⻹ҪıУʿձǳᵽ˺˼ôʵҪģɽʿת͵Ļɾ̵ĽϣܻעһЩµѪҺȻڻ֪ûǷǳڴ
˼ĵͷһͻȻ˵٣֮
ҡҡͷʺǹˣţԶԶȲġ
仰ǫ֮ԣΪʵҪдԽԣҪ֪ǿǴʱѽپѾսԣֱ޷ģɼǰټʱĻʷΪ貵ʱΰˣǸʱ
Цѵüǫһ
ҡҡͷҴǾ£Ҳǫ飬Ҳţ
һЦ仰Ļԡ


1950 ũ
󣬽ľˣɺպʹȥ
ģʽʵһġ
ǹ̽衣
˵͢·޺ӵ̣˵ͶʣһҲ϶ǽ衣
ΪʲôýģΪˣҲңǣҪƽʱ˭Ըȥ··ǿ϶ǳģڲͬڸڷԾˣңȥɻĻͻͲܲȥɻΪгڽ֮УҲҪѣҪǮǵȵ＾ǾͱҪǮȵʱгҲĲˡ
ң·ٶȷǳ죬Ϊַ̫࣬ǳУʳ˾ʲô졣
ΪⲻǰЩ·ӵںܳһʱڣ츣ˣΪԼɻ
˲˽ЩڹˣЩ̶Ͷʣ֤п϶ͼģܷŹᡣ
ԽԽʳ
Ҳ˸ƣ˸ƵһҪھǲֿ⣬ЩмվĲֿ϶ģ˿ʱʳ
ͬʱٰҲ磬ЩյĹֱȥ˶ĿǷǳģǸˣȥһңԶĵطҲϣڸԶϺ
Ҳ˽һȼü֮
Ϊһ˵սҲǳŹҪ֧֣ɽеĻﶼ£ǷǳԽģЩҲ˳ҲЩʸ͹ȥ
ЩնԣֻҪ̤˺ӵĴʳͲ⡣
ڽͬʱũҵҲڹ滮֮У̺ũɣĸĸͬʱеġ
ݸá
磬ҿǸ㺦ˣ
ϣ֪żСһа취ġ
ڴڣоݵĵ־˵ͷһֻһƵ˽ʵôأ
ԭκݵġ
һƵ⻹ָ硣
ֿɥС磬ɵðǰ
ʵʲôأ
εĿۺգС磬ڳﱸʱΪͼʡ£͡ϻָ߾һֱӴĵйʳûдʳκݻǱȽϳɹݣɾвͨˣ
յΪʲô
ֵС粻֪ô
ҡҡͷ
ֵݵһЩʿһֱᳫʲôũ磬˵Ҫı䴫ͳũģʽ⵼²ٴԸ⽫ʳǣڸЩũء
ũ磿
պʲôũ磿
˵ũũżƵĵطǴҵغϲôũҵģʽͳһũ粻һ˽УǴҹУԹɷ㣬ұɣչٵţЩũũĻҲܹõʳľȼã⵼Щڳﱸũ磬Ըʳǡ
ʵƳһֱũ磬мǿʿ𱳾ʲôȰũɣЩũȥɣΪṩһĻ˵˭ƶĻũͻ֯ȥˣгźܴϵũĸԾг
ü˼Ƭ̣ңҲûа취Ҳǿ˼ʳǣﱧԹͻȥܱعʳȰǻȥҹҲһ
ƵĻǽʳûкȡҪţ͢ΪǵΣǿɲ˵ġ
ֱͷ
ҡҡͷɲУˣ˼Ҳˣǳ͢ϣǣʳΪǵͶҲô㡣ǻԼȥ취ɡ
һۣһʧ뿪ˡ
ߺ󣬺̵˰
ְڡ
ȥ֪ͨةһһͬȥũҵӲ졣

ʱ֡
ũ磬Ǻǣɡ
ߣһԵĴЦ
ԭԼĿġЦ
յͷ
ʵ֪ΪΣ
յҶԴ˻Ǻ˽⣬Ըꡣ
еʵũҲǴѧġ˵ͳһڹСɽŵũҵСţҵΪɷݼԴϣһ͸֣иľҪҪΪгôʳȻҲͶŵг棬⵼ºϵʳҲٽũĳũɢ۵Ļ۽ᱻЩũסũȻǵǵĶ֡
ũĻǽгľøǿܹΪũȥĲƸũУҲʩƽַڻһЩʳӦͻѣһʱͲһֻ˵ıϢ΢Ļš
Цһ㻹һû˵ʿӰʿ屾ƿŴأӵмߵԸɣʿȻĹɶôİռŽʿܱߡ
еҲûзϣؾδ˵ԼĿ
ճƬ̣ô˵أҪɵúõĻǵȻһ£ҲеζԼļϣˣǸɲõĻʿ彫شΣҶʿ嵹ǲ̫ð
ߵʿ岻ʿĴ£ũӽԽԽáʵũٵѣ֣ѹȣҪѹũ򣬿ɾͲô׵¡
Ц㾹Ȼǰ˵⻰Ͳ˵ȥô
ЦҴ̹Ȼ˵ҲͲ»ᱻ֪
쵰Ҳ֪ҵһЩܣô˵ЦҽǼʶӴϵŷ硣
İ֮⣬ȴЦ
˵ҲȷʵУȻôһ
ɱСũ磬ĿԱ֤ʿ׼ʱ̭ʱԻ˶ʿ׼ĳ
ΪʿҪӰҪ壬ɶһɫũǱߺҪл϶ӣ˿ھͻ٣һģܶ˿ڶڼ٣һĻʿӰ϶ȼ
ũƻʵǽһ壬ƶֱӱΪƶȣʵҲҵЩʿֱӴһһŵϰ塣Ȼ޷ֹ˿ڱ٣ؿɲٵģũ罫أҲ˵ǿʳôǲܹ屣ǿӰܹг˿⣬볯̸͢е
ɼвڴţ㺫Ҫҵû⣬Ҳҵҵʿ廹ܹԼȨ͵λ
Ȼյ֮⣬Ǻղԡ
Ϊʱʿ׼峯ʱ£ܻΪһ̸峯ʱ򣬶һЩСǲж˸Ϊʱ˼붼ѾľʵҲûʲô˼룬Ƕ׵ģͷʿ׼붼ǹһֱ߷糱ƶŹҽǶŷǳĹףЩʿ˺ܶ࣬ؼŷǳɵ˼룬ʴҲʿзֺܶɣ˼ǲһģЩǳأЩǳ
ܼ򵥵һʿ嶼ܱصĻ͸峯һôƳͲܿΪƳԽϲ׼˼ԽͨշȽϱһЩʺٻߵľ׼
ֻⱣһֱռϷ磬ΪйĴͳ˼룬űǳͿ϶һЩ˶ѹŵģֻӳȻմһ´Щʿ׼ռϷ磬˾Ϳʼλˡ
ⶼΪⲿѹ˵£ʿ׼Ȼ͢ߣҲ˵ʲôΪ̾òôʳǾ͸ұ죬ʲôûãȵóԱܹ塣
ɾò취Ӧı仯ôǵ˼ͽõ˴ҵͬɽʿ壬Ϊǻдͳ֧ţҲǹٵҵ˼룬ҲǾô뻸͹ٲҲǵôǵ˼룬ҲǵģɽΪǿʱ򣬲Ĺҵʱô
Ҫ֪ڵʱͬ
ʵյ·һйŸơ
ڽúҵоĬĬʿ׼𿴴ڳзǳ͵ȳӡʽǶҪ͵һٿڣʿ׼ĵλѾͬն
ǴƽٿϵıҲûнķڳУǷʿڲ
ũĳ֣ȷһЩ̵ĴֲҲû˺ǵ棬ΪܶգǾḻһżɵİգǶĳˣԸصĵĵڴģءңΪũĳ֣ܵϵũȻϡϻҪһЩΪʿʼͷƫԶҲڿʼϣǽϵûеģΪϵɽأȫϣƽԭٶҪĶࡣ


1951 Ե
Ҫһôƣǡ䡣
ϵĸı䡣
ʲôڱ䡣
ⲿ
ڴƶԣǶ֮ҵĿⶼںϵ棬ʵͬʱ䣬ܱ߶ڷһЩ¡
ȻⶼΪģҲǱȻģΪƵ۹ӻԻ͵ʱ˵ԵνøŨңƵ㹻ǿʱһܱ߷䣬ΪĵԵΣܱߵѾܵǳӰ졣
شڱӪݣȹеӭ˺
Хͺͺľһͺͷںҡҷ
ӪݳһլԺڣֻһλ޳׵һɫë£ڻ¯ԣһ鼮Ǽԡ
ǳ˶档
һּһλʮٸ˽ˣҪ鼮Ѿȫ͵һǧ
˶ͷʵǱ̸ô
ٸشһжеķǳ˳ѾϤ򵤲δβ˴óԼǽﹺмƷңİҲԽԭĻЩǵ֧£ܿͻᷢչ
˶ʵǵʲôӦ
ٸ˲һֱóңǲŸտʼⲢδӡ
˶ʵʲô
ٸһ㲻ףΪʲôҪЩͯΪ͸ǣЩ˶һЩҰˣԭĻ͸ǣҿҲûʲôá
˶ЦΪǵĿĲҪǣҪƷȨЩطҴƵİͼЩط壬ԭյϰױʹһҪںϵĻҪͬĶԺֽںϵĹؼ
˵еͯȷʵд÷ǳʣһ뵽ǵĺһǳϲģôͻʹѧϰԭԺ֣ԭȵʱˣǾͻҪǴƣ׵׵ĳΪưաˣǲҪǣǻҪһЩ˽ǵĸأѧԺʶ֣ƹǵĻ硣
ٸ׵ˡ
һݹ̫ʺϳ˶棬ΪǰǸģ֪ȥȥ߽⣬ֻԼĽɣɿգ߽ٸƳĻ߽Ȩ


ݡ
̷֣µūѾˣһһʮҶѾǳ
ڣŵ̷
̷ϻؿǶ˲һѽ
Цһֱ˵ΪΪެĶ¹Ȼԭеū붼Ǻ¹ȻˣǱߵģǱߵūǱȽ٣ūļ۸ѾǳˣԭĻܵǵϲǵĹҲʼˢû̫ǽƷǴūǵȻȥ˿ڵĴǵǺܺ棬ΪʲôֻҪū
˵ãָǸطӡȵΪĻޣǸҲ֪á
ҲެǿʱǵȻҲ۸СʱʱҲȥӡ㶫ʲôģֻܵƣûģĽȥǱߣǮ׬ǵȻöȥء
̷ûиǽô
ȻˣҪϵϵǱƣطūˮΨūʺǣǵûлɣϣūǡ
̷ЦЩެҲѽǽ࣬ū׻ȡģپҲûǶϵǻôʴ˲żƲҪūǴūôֻʹǼܴӦūļǮûдﵽƶļǮǻҪǣūǽעŵȥ⣬Щūȫȥϡ
ͷ
ʱŽͻȻ˽磬ǵūѾ׼ˣһһ
̷ͷֿ
Ǳ߶Ѿϵˣȹգߵʱ򣬾ͽ͹ȥɡ
̷ͷһҪСģĪҪǲʲôǶɱУκʧ
ЦǱû⣬ǾƲģؼЩūǷѵϸ񡣡
Žľǣ⼸꣬һֱϸѵǣެǲܴеõϢ


ֺݡ
ҲԽ廯һλںޣҲ˵ٺ
ѾΪҵǵĴӪԽԽԭȻģɲסģûסΪ˳̻ܶ˶˸ҵһ
ݵĺյİţǲ½һʲô¿Լʱ룬űǱҲ˳ģ϶Ҫںߡ
գҵƃͷӲ졣
ûƫǣػǺãˣҪ֡
ƃп
ҵЦôõĵطӦԭգЩ֮ͽ
ƃļƻֻҪͷʢܹصİˣԭҲܹܿЩű֮أӺҲ᳹׵׵ԭġ
˵䣬ּΡʷ˹
ҵЦǻˣеô
ʷһĵһǷ⽻ֺĲ
ҵ˻
ʷ޵Щ̰ǮɱȹٸҪöˣֻϧЩûм棬ϰƿˮǵӾͿҪˡ
ҵҲ˵һжеķǳ˳
εǳ˳͢ߣָǮЩԸѾǧʿټϸ߼ֵǱߣӦҲˡ
ҵǲ˷ѹʱգ˵ԪԪǰȥǶԿҲһЩֶΣʱǻδȥǾͽŹʰˡ
εҵ¹شǧ򲻿ɲ£һռƻ
ҵͷֻ֪ھѧԺѧôãЩѽ

ҶЦ

ͬʱĺ棬ڡġŰ׽һս
ϻ֮̽󣬷ŹȻ˱ԪڴƽٵĽ֮£ԪǽսȻթܣһ֮ءŹһȺﶮʲô֪Ԫϴϴ󶼰ˣǻ˵ʲôȻǳʤ׷һͷײ˽ԪչŴ򹷣ѡΪʡµĻ𹥣õҲǻͣķŹˮǺֲܿģСƴһţ̾ҳһࡣ
Ծ˵ٶںӣĻڿײţҽˮڶ
ȻġģȻԶ׽һս
ϾʱƳˮʦ㳲ҲǴģԱ
벻Ź˶磬Ȼ˼еǿҪǿϲ١
Ԫվսļװϣһ۵ĿŲԶսɲеĴչְ
Ͻ˰ɣЩ˿԰ǿѳĶء
ƽҡŰŽǰ
ԪճȮƵĻӻ֣׼ˡ

Ԫƽٵϴޣ㿴ŹսҲǺβ
ƽٵ˽Źô֪ǵľô֪жʿô
Ԫֱҡͷ֪
ƽٵЩܹЩ²е֪ȵЩʱǵԮѾҪľǣеһʿūΪƽ񡣡
ԪղΪʲôԪһū̫١
ƽЦΪܹǾӵս¾ܹūƽһɱеġһζūƣֻǽͳ»ˣǱҪһĵ·ǲŻΪ֮Ŭڸҡ
Ԫһ״Ƶϴޣʲôʱôأ
ƽٵ߳࣬īߺڡ


1952 ໥
ѾٺϵⲢûӰ쵽ϰյ飬أ־ɳǣΪҲһڷΪ˸ӸԣΪҲ˵̫ԭƻһ̫ԭƻɹҲ÷ǳ٣ʴΪҲҸЩֻΪһٷЩ裬ڲԶĽΪǴӸԣ
Ǳ˸ӿЩЩ·ܹ޺ãӵĿܹΪԭóġ
һʱ
ң˵ףҲֻǾֵĲ飬ĩȫģĴѣʴֻǸտʼѱȽ϶࣬Ҷˣֱհģʽˣټũĳ֣ӿĸĲũһ̶ȣʵ˳͢ٵѹΪһʿ׼ҲеһΡ
Ҫũ磬ʿ͵ʳ۴ңиİտԳԵʳ
ʿҲףǱôҪôĻվͲǵˡ
ȻзشãȻÿһط˵üͬһǡǡһ˰ϣĻ⡣
Ҳҹ¶ޣһ顣
Ͼǻʺ󣬲Ǵ棬ʴ˴ȶ֮ǱξţջȥѲһȦ֮Ҳ̤˹̣Ҳһȥûػִ֣̫ԭƻó͢ߣ£ʱͽǡ
һգ˻ƺӱߡ
ΪʱѾǰֻٹӡ
Թ֮һӱߣϺˮ˼֮С
Щ£һûģҲҪƽԼ顣
Ȼ䣬üϴһů⣬ͷȥ
ÿ
Ц
ź˵Ҳû˵ллϰߣʲôʱϲ̫ˣ
컹涾ѽǲ̫࣬᲻ЦҶ̫ʶܹ̫ķ̫ʿһŷǷܣԣлʺĿ佱
κ޻̸֮˵ܼдֵһЦǱߵС֡
ʵ֪ʺ󷽲ʲôô񡣡
Ȼ䣬һ󺮷紵ﲻոԼϵĶ񣬵Щ˵Ļ¡
Ц֪ʺܽʲôˡ
˼ʵЩǿҵģȴо·Լġ
յǺģ˵һǧ飬ǱЩӾͻõġ
𣿡ЦôãµȦУԽԽˡ
£ʲô˼
ҿǻʺ󣬼˵ѣҲҪ֤ʶƣĻҵܵǳ˺˷ڰǰһһεԣȷʱõ˰յ֧֣ҲһΣҴӰĻ˵һУΪԡЦնֻʹޣҲܽЩԵǻѻҪһУǾͱ밴ļƻ¡Щ¿ɶһյģҪþһ
˵ƫͷȥһ˫ĵķĿͻȻ͸Ż⣬һΪӡ
úǺЦ
㳵Цʲô
յⲻǽ˵ԭôǷǳƽģҲūҲҵӣҲ˵ˣһģûкôҲ㲻˵ֻܶҿ϶ҲӦƾʲô޳㡣˵ҵļƻ£ҵ㣬ʲôƻҪиõļƻ˫ģԸⰴļƻ£Ƿǳһˡ
սúԵЩȡ
ֵңЩԣǶµôܹеõʲôҵѾǳԣеǰգջ棬ǽӵ㣬ͬҲе档ȻҲϣҼƻеģҵȻϣܹôȥҲܹǸҪԣҲִҵļƻ
ôһ뿪㣬ɾûһУȴܹѡˡ
ЦʺδҲ̫ԷƱˣҪʷıλû˭лʺⷬʶʵҲ벻ʺ󣬶ңʺһʼͽҸô
ϲɵһ죬ʵ֮ˣΪֲĲ㣬ΪҪգղþҪ±ãҪһӻˣҲ߲ˡ֮ԻеЩΪϰһУ񲽲պյļƻߣܲӦΪʵֱӵߣƻƶߣֻҪƻڽУ˭
ҲţǼˣϸ룬ȷʵǴӮңǻȥ֮ĵλһͻǣôջԽƽȣͻȻתƻϾҪسˣʱ˿̳Ӧû˶ǵĹеǳֲ̿ɡ
Цʵǲ֪ʺθأ
һϹǷǶһģǲһĵģԣǲŹǵģҲû˸Ϊ飬ϾҶеһУҶԸķ䣬һѵĻᡣ
յͷʺӢ䰡
бĿһƳΪ˵ͬļ⡣
ЦʺҪҶ졣
ҲãûҲգҶ뷨Ц
յʺѾˡϹǵȷʺͬۡ
üһ壬Ļܱܲ˵ô
ҵ˼ǡ
ˣ˵ɡ
Ŷ
ίĿһֵۣǳпɲֻϹһСȺԱڳֻкܶĹԱʺһȥֽϹϴȥôֻһЩĬĬԻʺˣøӷԡ෴ǣʺȥǼƽϣǷıʺڴĿеӡ󣬶ڻʺĽ䱸᲻٣䱸ˣξͻġ
⣬Ȼֻ֧ʺģµҪƽ⣬˭һҶʺ£ֿʼηԼĴ󳼣ǻ᲻ñ¸еЩأ˭Ҳ˵ʺû¿϶Ĳ٣һġԣϹǣʺߵһЩΣգͬʱֻǱвϹǣʺĵλøȹ̣ʺҲø˳ϹܹԻʺɶвŻʺҪĶࡣ
Ĭǰһ㣬̫ǾһǺ¡
յǰҲô˵ģʺôΪġ
ЦɼҲ֪ǰǶô㡣
ЦҲδԲʺ£ڻʺҵΡ
ĿһЦЦֽĿͶϺˮ


һ磬ǹûƺӣͣȥ
Ȼ˷У˲ٰգδ纫յǰҵĻӭ
յʱǾҵʱճ춼£Ͷųſźչ˺յʱһ֣Ǻ䶯ĳ棬Ҳٳ֡
񳤰ڸٷչУÿһ춼ŻҪ̫ˣ˭ȥעʺʲôʱ
ҲںЩЩϵķ⣬Ѿúܵһ·ҲǷǳĵ͵û֪ͨصĹԱûʦڣն֪
һ˷ǳ⣬˾ΣѾȥſڵȺ򣬲һͺյֱӵ̫ǰ
ǼߵĴȻĪڵֱӽǵȥ
̫ǰʱѾԸܵһַǳ΢ա
ôʱѾλߣ˵Ŀⶼǣмд̿֡ǡ
檲μ¡
΢ղμ¡
ʺ񡣡
θæ˵ȵֱ֮ŵҲ񡣡
л¡
һжһ˻ʺ󡣡
æлµĹģ˳檸֮£ҳ಻ֲٰ֮ż
ʺԷƱʵʤ۱硣ѽָԼԱߡǾ䡰ʵʤ۱硱ʵ˵Щġ
ŵʤæ˽Ӱᵽԡ
ⱾΥƵģΪʺҲֻܴ̫־ʽĳϣʵ۱ϣֱԴ󳼣ԹҲûĸʺȥ֣һ˳ɫҲ֪òһΣո´󹦻ǱˣЩ±ûʺڳܹ
л¡
еһȻм̨ȥ
̫Ľݣмһǻʵߵģ̫ϣܲûʺ̫ĵ
վ󣬿һĻ룬ѵһԤݣ
Ȼ֪ʱ飬϶϶УԲȥѡ


1953 ʤߵĿ
ȵ֮۵ĴһȻû˵ʲôһжڲ֮а
֮βſ˺һúУվĶ档
ǷѾ뵽֮
ոոУһԵĹͻȻС˵
һ̾ʱһЩ뷨ǲûʮգڵʱ˵
Ĺԣһ̾ϹǵǰæҪǵϹǳ£ôҲֲ棬ôҲ档
ĿһɨǵʮԹǽ̸ɫ䣬ȳ֮أǴݲտ಻ԡȻʺ˴ǰ֣ҲѾ֪ʺ󲻵ûֽһӣңֺ̰ջָƣڰɵ˺ʷ͵һΣοͬʱָеǳŭ
˻һȺɫ΢΢һ䣬ǳĬ
ԾҪˡ
ֻ΢΢ü̫ĿһӾˣǵѸոտʼʱ򣬳󳼲ûȥξ֣νƵʺͷϣһ֮޷˻ʺЩ޷´뼢֮Сǵ⣬˷ŭһ˸еëȻе£վľһȺ˰
⻰ɷǳأǵҲȷʵƵùǺɨأΪﲻһĴ󳼣ӣ󳼱ϺǺûӵ£ʱЭΪûа취Ҳûֹ֣￭ȻҪһж
ҲﻳΣǿųһҪȽ¸˽ˣĻû졣
䣬ϹǾ̨߳ǰ̰һţ΢֪³ͷ
ܿܣ˵ĶԶĵʱûᵽǵĳͷ˼ﶼԼһУͦ˹Ǿ׹أȻǶģǾͱ빫ƽ
ϹǺôҲǹһǵģʵҲˣעԼ壬Ըķ䣬ҪɱҪУϤɡ
½½вٴ󳼣վڵϣγͷ
ˣҲ֪ȫˣͻԼվչֳһЩ
͵һӣָϹǵЩˣöʥ飬ڣȴԼƽѧа棬վ֪ڳԻڣģЩ飬ҲѴ̣޽ҲĲǡ
Ϲڵأﳼ˻ʺԱ¶Գĺ񰮣ټ£´˳һ
ĹԱҲ´˳һ
վŵĴ󳼣Ϊ飬ǲ룬ǲܣΪﶼףûйأôչϹҲƲŹġ
¡
ͻȻڡ
ƫͷʵʺδǣ
Ȼ˽Ĺǵġ
£ʵǲûй
һȺԸ𾪰
˰Σŵʺ˵ʲô
̫˼ˣ
£ǵͱˣ檱Ƶ·ϣʲȫĵͶ뵽ֵУҲȡ˴ĳɹˣΪǲй
ȷû֮˰ΣŵѵʺǣǵôƵ㡭
Ц⳼ǳΪµĻʺȻҪԱΪȣҴܹ֮ʢҪΪ㿪ȣɣ֪ΣΨͣΪһ֮ǽ˭˻ԣɲΪ檣˱ʢ
⣬ǲô˵ҲӴ˴λ֣ҲǴ˴γɹĹؼԭΪҰ¶־ɳǣŰİնȹһѹءң󣬿ذտ಻ԣеȷǸд࣬ͬʱҲΪǵۣǷǳбҪġΪӦھľʾ춽ٱ¸ӰϧԼ
ˣ֣͢Ӧȫ֣ղܵ˺ڼأ˰յŲһġ
һȺݣ֮⣬Ȼĳ佫⻰˵̫ˣ˵ʺΪ޵غա
΢΢һЦʺ˷ǰȥ֣ȷడ
΢Цĵͷ
һĨ΢ЦθеǳѽеŭҲɢϹǣȻʺ飬ôһξȵҲܹ֪ܸġ
ϹǱΪԼˣȫûл·û뵽ﾹȻ飬ʵҲֻԾǣôܣûзӦ
γüǻϽл
Ϲ͵һл֮лʺ֮
ҲǷ׷׶ͷлһǼġ
ͻȻ΢΢Ƴգֻ˱Ŀף΢΢Žż⣬͸һ˿ͷ
ʵ˼ͷɵǱȥˣ˼Ƿϻ룬Ͻɡ
ǣƫƫ˲Ը
ϹǸո£´վ£ݳ֪ոշ֮ʱκݴʷݴʷΪһݴʷδʱٰվ֣һζţձÿգӦǸְ졣
䣬ͻȻ£һ
㶵ʺΪҪ飿
´ҲסʺôһȫǰǸݶĻʺ
֮ǵȷǷ´أͬʱҲԵ˽ѵǷǳף֣ûõģΨһİ취֯ջ֣Ǵȡ˱ĽѵȻ˾޴ĴۣҲˣӦأǸְ죬εˣֻ᷸ͬĴĻɾ͵òʧˡ
վʺլʺ񣬳о壬ҲΪʺ˵üΪȻǶ޿⣬ǣڵذȷʵһ£͢ҲӦ԰Ϊȡ
вٴվֻ֧ʺĽ顣
εͷɣʡдһʥּһǽһνѵϣܹ
ֵ
ĹͻȻվ£̫ԭƻ
˵꣬αʺŸոջ۳Ͷ٣̫ԭƻ漰㣬һʱ̸ģվҲ̸
տ⳯ᣬΪ˵ģ̸̫ԭƻڸս̸
ǡ
Ĺε˻ȥ
ֵճ͵Ϊֹɢ
ʶȹͱ¡
˰ΣͻȻһʺڣæּһʺ󡱡
ɼʺҶôĲӦ


1954 Ϊ
һ黹ǳҵϣﻹδ֮ǰҼǿ϶һϹǶڽӣ̫ѵˣȫ޼ɵҰҲԼȡĻᣬǰЩҪ˳ˣҲ顣
û뵽ﾹȻΪ飬ֱ˴۾
Ҳ󳼶Ĺ۲٣Ϊʲô֮ǰĹǴΪǰ̫һ㣬˼δϴ˸еǳ£Ҫǲþ㣬һأûôȷʵڴУܼӷ֡
ֻΪϹ飬ȴӮд󳼶ļӷ֣õԶʧȥҪࡣ
ȻҲ˹ԼελҲˣйۣķڷ
һΣĸӰ켸ɢ
УҲھͷϣʵǺģҪӦöǺģԾǺյ·ǣѾΪ㵽ͷϣ֪ô͡
ҲҪƽ⣬λʵҲƺ⺫յĿڣΪûƿȫ֣˼Ƿƽ档
ⲻβκգǺκգǵԶģȫһˣһǾܴģ޼ɾǴߣôҲĲġ
ɢ֮ŴǶҺģΪ̫⣬лǺոûиᣬһҲ˼ǣȾͱ˳ȥ
󳼶ˣǷʲôˣ
ⲻֻ֪ǼڼԼķˣŮǣͲͷҪȥǣֱӻؼȥˡ
Ϲ֣ǿǼһ
һʮҵĹԱԲϹǣϹǱϾͲСˣڵ̫ãϥЩܲˡ
Ϲǵͷ̾ǰǼİ
ʱԱߴչһˣǲôԻʺԸôܻŹǣл᲻ʲôı
ϹҡҡͷıҿҲãˣʲôıҪǣҲòԩ֮ǻʺԸˣƶȱˡ
˻
ʺֻܵµƣɻܵʱԼƣǶЩ󳼸ϾɱôĹǿ϶˭
šϹ֮ʱԼȷʵǳҪ
ǲ˵ıڳݣҲӦӵʱԼ

еĴ󳼣ɶ˾ģְҵμңǺܹܿеĵǣӵʱԼʵӵʱԼΪ޶ģɼĶѾ
Ǳߺճûʹ㼱æϻ
µͼһų˼ĺס
ˡ
ռǰȥһѱסվǰ£תȦˣˣ
ֺݺݵ촽¡
ûϵջôţʲôĵǿɻڡ
ģҲǻЦǵġ
ɿ£ץס׼ܵԪĵŮܡ
Ԫĵ档
ºߵǿɲУһͬʣȻĻҲӦġ
Ԫĵ𾪵Ŀ£ɾһ䣬Ѿס˫жʱΡ
ݺݵŰһղɿԪĵ
Ԫĵݺ쵰
һʶҰ
չһЦߵһСӤѩԣЦѩ֪ΪʲôһôΪ֪Ӳ˵ġ
ѩĿźգֶ
ģСģС
§ѩݲȵѩ촽һ£ѩΪź٤֣û֮Σɡ
ȨûС٤ַ۵С£Զӣû
٤Ŵ۾źգ֣ȵú뱧
ʱȻ˵㣬Ѿˣǻǻȥдҵɡ
¡ԪĵȻҲڣһ졣
վס
ջعźСʲôʱôСˡ
һ
ͻȻԼ֣ľ
ùһСľ䣬ݸ򣬵Сӣ͸ġ
Ŀ˸˼£ٿȻֽӹһֻȫòޣʲôϻʨӣӣ
ϲϲ
ϲϲ򼤶ֱͷ
ǵģϿɶ򲻵ġ
ֽһСľݸһºпܱܲô죬뱧Ҳˡ
ͬкҪ߳һͷȫҲ
ֻ˵ԪҵĻֲ̫ˡ
ɬһЦӹСľɵлл
ּĴСľֻõһЩСʲôСãС¹ǳɰ
յÿÿ˼ǵʱ򣬾һ˵ͻȻڴ֪׼ʲô͸
򡢺ʱľС͸ˡ
ǧɲôõġ
õ͡һЦ룬ˣԼĶŮŹ

һѱסյ첲֪ôԵΪ٣̫ΰˡ
һĲֵƨЦ㽫벻Ϊˡ

εĳĬ
Ϊɲ˵ˣԣԪˡ
˵ţ㵽ȥˡ
Сӡ
ղЦ
¡ԪĵЦˡ
ֵһձǣź򡢺һôã񺮶ˣ涼ŵ̺һ¯ůġձź٤֣뺫
Ȼһֱռŵļ֮λǺʼҵ꣬ղڼңҷ·ʧ˻һ㣬һֳ˿֣˶ЦǺǵġ
Թ緹֮󣬺򡢺ҵȥˣ٤Ҳˡ
§ѩɳϣ¡ԪĵλŮڶɳϡ
ֶӶԣһּ尾§ѩһп
ߵ֪˵ģίӦǡ
ǣǡյͷֵΪֲʧȥʱ䣬ҾÿǶһ˯ϧÿһÿһ롣
ޣ
Ůͬ
һЦҲ˵˵
Ԫĵ˼ԽԽأ㵹ãԽԽḡ
ձ죬ίḡˣҿһֱǳŵġ
ԪĵУԶԡ
ͻȻЦһķͷȫûʺˡ
Ϊȥ֮£ʺȥĻԵ÷ǳ࣬һʺ󲻵ȥˣ¸ɺˣҪ֪ǻ֣ʴ˰նۻʺ󣬴Ӷ˺ա
´ҲŮˣΪⶼĹͣǸеЩΪΪںղƽ
û⻹Ϊ㡣
Ƶкιϵ
յ㵱ԹŮܵȺûʺͷӦÿóҪĹӦңûа취˭Ұ㰮޿ɾҩһ㲻ҶǾͷȴ£ʱʱ̿ԼҪϽһҪ㿪ġ
ںջѩʵ̲סڴЦ
ߺ죬ƪ˭㡣
յģһغ󣬽ͬ£˭Ҳ׹Ůˡ
㻹˵
ºݺһۣȴ̵ģȻ֪˵ѡ
ԪĵͻȻ
ס
һ̧
Ԫĵôأ
յղ̸£̸ֻ顣
ԪĵʱľϵΣڶڲס
¡ѩһʵǱﲻסЦ
յҺģЦʲôĵǡ
Ԫĵбȷſѩ
æǿɲУѩոûпߣҺھεģǲͬߵĻǿҪѩһ˯
ѩһºգŭǱɣõҵơ


1955 ʭͷ
Ϊոոջ۳Ͷ٣ҪϢʴˣڳԹ֮󣬺ձѩϢȥˣͬߣĿǰǲܵģ¡ԪĵѩǼԵģú붼롣ѩϾոյĸףҲûôȻĸӡ
ѩź٤ڴֺðΣֱ٤ֶˣűߡ
Ȼ٤ֱˣѩǼܾսҵϣϢϾղŸոջ϶ƣ
ҲȷʵЩƣɲҲɻҲûǿ󣬱ѩܿͳ˯ȥ
˵׻Ǽһ˯ˣΪ˯磬ʴҲ硣
֮󣬺վȥΪͺ͡
磡
磡
ʱѾ룬ڿ
գʱǵôþûгˣ
ĵջΪʲô˯һ
仰ůģ·ûʲôֵȥƽˣͣõϢ
˵䣬㽫͵ݸǡ
˷ܵ㣬ϲԵļӡ
ԣȥѧ
鷳ˣҸԼȥˡ
Ҳǵ˵ͷ
յʲôʱ˵ѧ鷳أ
ǺѾѽ
ʵ÷꣬ں򡢺źܴİһ̶ϣѧǸӸһſڣ֡
أ㶣ðһ˿κźͷðɣðɣȻѾˣǵͲǡˣҪˣҲӦҪ˰ɡ
š
ͷ
ЦҾͲˣָܹǿһҾ֪Сش㿼ڼ
ģǰʮӦýȥ
Ц㻹־
ǺֱЦ
ֵɼĻҲǺܿأϣҪ룬룬ΪԼȥŬŲ˼
֪ˡ
򡢺ͬ
Թ֮ͱСȥѧˡ
ߺ¡Ԫĵѩ
Ƕȥأ
ʵ
յͷѾˣ˵ţԸ˽
Ƕٺòãڴ
µΪʲô
յҸջǲӦڼô
µؽǸֺܶҪȥǾѾһռ٣ձȥˡ
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ԪĵͲö˵Ԫһѵ£ææӰվҲ÷Ҳǰһʱٵġ
Ƶǲǰɣôң
µѩڼѽ
ԪĵϾҪˣʱǿԶݼա
ѩգȥСǰ
æżģҽڼֶ
ѩЦҿԸһȥ

һ㶡
Ц㲻ڵʱ򣬷ѩҲųֶȥСС档
һڴ⵹ǿС
¡ԪĵԹ֮󣬾ͳȥˡ
ߺ󲻾ãѩź٤Ҳȥ
ۣǲۻأ
ڣĿӴ˻༸۾һ𾪵ı顣
һѩʮֺ棬æʵôأ
ָŴ⣬һ±Ƶҡôˣܶ඼Ŷ̷ǵķأ
ѩ£漴Ц㻹֪ô
յ֪ʲô
ѩڽʱ򣬳һ˶
˶
ѵǴأվʲʲô˼
ѩ͵ģڽʱżҴйȾʭӣ¹Ƕ޷רĹĴƷżһڿϰٹᣬһżҵʧΣŴֻܾͺٹȫ޳ɹͷ˲ʭӡʵҲһֱƵֻûżôأԴżҵĹ֮½½вٹͷˡ
վȵΪΣ
֪У˶ڷǷǳصģԸ١
ѩҲǺĵ˵ⶼΪµĹ಻㣬ʱ򡣹춼øɻһǺˮӵǼ򵥣ͷͺϴϴ֮һʱָɲˡ
ҪϴĻͻܳũ£νҲӰ첻ˣ춼һ̫żģټ֮ǰѧԺѧԱѧһ¾ǼҲŶ̷ģǹҲʼ½˵ֳһרе
üѵûô
ѩտʼûУΪʭˣҲûа취żģǵĹԽԽ࣬ҲΪʭӵ⣬мϻרе˼ۣвЩ󣬵ԽĹԽࡣ
պΪʲô
⹤ʲôʱҸʿأȻڴһ̣ʱԻûг죬Ըʿӿ⡣
ѩΪտʼȾʭӵʱ򣬾ܵܶ˵żʿӵܡʿӶҪ¥Щ¥Ͻ룬ڴҿˣ׷뿪ҲΪˣžļġʭӸˣЩֳǣǸеǳίͷŭӶһ˶ģ񳤰Ĺɶ̷һЩ˺Ů
ʵѵ͢ûйô
ѩôûܣʱ䳳÷ǳʿձ棬ЩԭͳТԱԴҲǷǳͷǹԸģ˼ҳҲҪɷҲû˵׼ռ˹ٸͲ׼мϿĵ꣬Щˡ
Щ˵ĸĸӶվԼĶӡɷǻȥ֣Ϊǵɷ򡢶ӽͣΪǶ֪ԼĶӡɷţǷǳ¡˺ͳ͢Т˼ҸĸԸ⣬ǵҲվסţЩֿʼЩ֮Ϊģ񶼻ǹҲˣ˵ڹУЩ˷ż񣬲ԸĹҲѾɶ̷
մ㶺ðΣ漴벻ôһ£ҿҵʱڣȻĻЩֻὫìͷָң붼°
ѩЦ½㵱ʱҲ˵⣬½ΪҪڵĻЩ˺ÿġ
հڰֵϹ˵ҪڵĻ鷴øӸӣͲǼ⡣


1956 ˵ı仯
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磡
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磬ҲͦǵģҪССָոճһһȥ
ܵԴһ˿ھκź
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ֵܶ˱˺һɿ
ͻȻһԶ滪ҲһСƽͷͦģԵЩߡЦУҲͷ˰
滪ڨڨЦСո硣
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մһ£ֵΪʲôҪ
滪ЦʱĹ춼еǳίģǡҾҵøվһߣңҵˢģһҪɾ࣬Ҳ͸ˣ֮󣬷ֻͦʵġ˵棬鲻ԽԼСƽͷ
ǡģҲһܵҲȥ滪Դ
滪һָֽĿƵС֣ҵͷ
ܵЦǺǵҾǾͦġ
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ЦȥãҾúòÿʲôá
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͸˵ĻЦ֪ΪС룬ΪСˣϣÿ˶ϲ춼Сֿ϶Ὺĵġ
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ܵܵչСС֣ߣǽȥ˵˵ţͼų溰ãͷѩˣŶǻųֶˡ
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ѩź٤ڣ˱ͺܣС͸ˣ٤ֺСܶոѧСڵ̺ϿֵţѽѽĽţǵһԵĺЦͣ
˺ðΣֱҪιˣܵܲŴ
СҰأ
СҰһͱȥˡ
ܵܺٺЦ
Цŵͷ

˸ոǰ棬ɣľ˹
մ𣬷һװ磬˸߹·ߣԵᣬ㣬ôԽԽˡɣľ㻹˹ʺ˰
ŵһûû
յҿԽԽᣬ⻹Ǻû
ܵܺٺٵ磬㲻֪ԽԽᣬʵΪǽ㷢һ࣬ͿϣƤӹ⻬ۡ
վȵļٵģ
ܵܺǺǵѽҲ͵͵ͿһΣǽ㻹˻е
滪æǽ˵ģǽԭǴ͸ҵģѽҾɹɷݸǽ㽻ΪǽҵطǻƷĿǰûʽۡ
ԵͷԴ˵ǳ죬Ϊ֪ǶһЩǳóʵרûУ
滪ҡҡͷЩطҲרġ
Ҳԣ
ʵأôûп
ǱߵĴԺѾˣǴ˼ȥǱ߱ˡ
Ŷһ
Ϊ˼Ƕڣʴ˺վͽܵܡСҰɣľ
棬ɣľͻȻгǱ߿ϴŵ꣬ǺãͦģҪȥԡ
ôͿˣУǴȥԡյͷ
ܵͻȻҾͲȥˣ
պΪΣ
ֱܵҡͷҿܲ˼ϴš
Ǻܲϲ˷̵ģ˼ҰЬоܲˡ

룬Ǿ»ȥɣ䡣ǺСֵģСֶĻᡣ
ɣľͷҲС
ֺܵǺǵЦ
ɣľʵеô
ɣľȥӯǸһ¥ҪΪȤƷǶҪǶǾϸģִʮа˾ŶܿġŶȻûԤƴ
ʵʲô
ǹծȯɣľ˳׼ȥĵ죬׼ùծȯеѺô˵ծȯüĽ׼ֵʵˣʱܶ˶׳ծȯ֮󲻾þвԸ⻨ǮծȯЩһ㶼ǴڹԱûд㹻Ǯʴǿ˹ծȯϢծȯĽԽƵϾǧ֮࣬ʴ˽ǽֿһµҵ񣬾רڽ׹ծȯ
Цѵ³͢ô
ɣľΪ͢Ҳùծȯծװ⣬ϻس͢дȯǶ֪͢㹻ͭһҲĳ͢ˡҵΪ͢Ӧüйծȯǽеͳծȯʽø
պǺЦҵȻ֪ǹծȯ׷͢гɣܹйծȯĻծȯʧȥá˵ͻȻͣ˽ŲĿǰȥǲٷꣿ
ɣļ̌Ŀһ漴Ц֪ҼٷĵлϣһͨĹ䣬ͳΪˣ˵ҲƷ˺üʮڳ⻹һС
𣿡
յ˶йذɡ
ɣľЦѾ֪أ
յͷ
ɣľϱżһʱҲȾʭӣȽͷˣԼѿֱЦǾͺԼͷһٷףͷףġ뵽ܵǽպã˼˶ˣҲٷͼģǾ͸һ˼
һ̾һʰΪǵʱҲǱƵûа취żģµʱνϣ߳Զţǻǲ뱻ָָ㣬ǶٷٷԽԽ£ԽÿڳһЩͷϡٹԱҲٷԽԽ󡣡
滪ͻȻҲһ
Ц𣿡
滪ֱͷҵļٷԽԽãŻͦÿġ
յȻˣȥɡ
Ǽٷꡣ
ϣɣľܹˡ
ߵſڣһʮĺӭ˳
ɣľǻϡ
ͻȻֺգɫøӼͷһЩᣬС硣
Щ³ˣһ⣬ż
հ뿪Цƹ񣬽ǷĪ
ϣңҡС˿ɵ𡣡ǳϻ̳Ͽ֡
ûʲôǵ¼ʵþҴƹľ񡣡պĿ
ÿֹµʱеǳˣԼһжмֵ
ˡ
ĿĹˣֻвٿʽŮ˵ĶУõļٷһ
СԵȡ
ϸϽһٷĿǰõһ淢ġ
ܵܵþһ
һͷ׾һɫӣһ٣ڻЩͷļٷһļٷͷ׶棬ǿģôҲʲôŵǵŸҿ

滪ǳľʹͷϣɼҲ
յһǲӴȥ·Ǵһñһ͵ĸоֿŻϣЦͦ۵ġ
ڨڨһϴﶮЩⶼƵģǰ֮Ƚ֪ʲôÿʲôÿ
պǺǵ֮һλ˲ţΪ֮Ĺɶ֮һ治֪øеˣź
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֣л׬Ǯѽȥ֮
˾ͳüٷ꣬ȥ֮
ţЦ춼ϲ£ɼ֮һ׬ˡ
֮Σ֮һεشԣǿʼƱȽרҵķ̣Ϊ֣Сǿҵרҵļ˲ţҹǮˣǾ֣ⷽ̾ȡ˾޴ĳɹ֮ǰǳΣ֮ĸӰ죬ѾȫĨƽΪؼǣɴҵͻƣ֮һ¥Ϊϳ㣬ֱˣռ͸ˡ
ңǶëܴҵϲѾöϻˡ
һֳ֮
Ǳһꡣ
ۣ껹ǹѽ
̧ͷһ¥滹ǲСƵô׬Ǯô
ɣľɲ껹רųʭǲһҩϴͷʭ⣬ǻϴͷҵ񡣡
ֻ˼飬ѵдԽ߽أŶãͿֹģˡ
ɣľЦʵĵ㻹һЩϵ
㶣йϵǾͻ⣬ʵ벻Լ˳⣬ؼʱ
ɣľɻǵõھѧԺЩѧԱ
յҵȻǵá
ĵˣǾǵʱЩѧԱŮ澣ֻΪʹˣʹӻʳˡ
ɣľֵΪѧԺЩѧԱҪʴǵļѾǳ죬֪ô̷ȽϺÿǻӵߣǻһרϴĸָ࣬ϴϴĸӸɾһһ㣬ֻ֮ǰ˷ǳ٣ͼ
깤ǿʼǾרŰ﹤׬ǮտʼֻԼǺܿͷչǲһʭϴΪǿ֮ԹΪûйϴʱϴ
ɣⶼܹǣϵǿЦá
ȷȷʵʵкܴĹϵҪ֪ǾѧԺѾ˲ˣЩѧԱҲزǵüҵǶСǹȻҲԼǱǵȻҲҪÿһЩڼǻЩ֣̽ͷ׸ôźÿʲôͼʲôͷңʼǺհƵĶ̷ǻ
ôʵѾǳ죬ǻһЩ̷͡ңѧԺǳ͢ģֶǹӵܣҪʲôߣôƼҵǺܹܿŪΪǶǽ֮󣬼ﶼһЩǳ߳Ĵ⵼¼ĹҲ÷ǳࡣ
һӷչֹģʵѾչ˺ֻܶ꣬óȫû뵽Ÿеǳȡ
ҲǴ񳤰ѾҵǴϰгн⣬ǸǰһʲôڼŪֻҪϾͻйӦ
Ҳվһ£ûнȥڱмϹ˹䣬ⱱģʵ˲٣ΪؽֿԿ꣬Щ棬Ѿɣľȫǻ˲ǮҪ֪͢ڳսססס϶
ĳڽƻʵҲŽһתƵȥܹڵøʺͼ򵥡
˳͢ס̣һһؿ׬Ǯ̿϶Ҫס󣬶¥ʼöˣʦȫ¥ƽڸ¥Ǯ϶Ҫߺܶܶ࣬͢裬ʵǷǳ׬Ǯġ
ڵҵΧǱ÷ǳŨҡ
ֳƷеһ˶ͼٷҵ
мҵöܶѼģǮҲǰ˲٣Ϊ˶ʼģݣţҪûгȥնƷ˾ѡݣݱˣǿ϶Ҫ˲١
ⳤгһһžϲ˸оǳ
ֱʱ֣ոѩ÷¥ǰ
ˣ
Ǹոǰ
ַ̱Ƿ
Ϊ°ˣ
ѩЦİӻǺãųãҾѾϰˣʧȥİӣֻ´Ҷϰߡ
ЦŵͷȻڿȥֻһλվǰ˭Ц֡
¿պѩкٸǾͳ˳
ǻˣ
ʲôʱ֮ƵƤ
ɱǣǶѾˣ㲻׼֮Ϊ½ƵƤ

ЩٸΧźգǳǹڣֱԹ
ԭںƵЩŮʽƤ޲¸һƤ＼֮¢ϵģǰƤ＼ûôƤƤҲרȻǮûмǺܡ
Ҫ֪ƳУǷǳ׷ʱеģŮǣʲô˹˵ķ̡װ磬ǶѾԹҲΪʲôγ͢Ĺ涨ϽЩΣҪ˷ΣΪƳʱ̫˹˵ķ̶ڳ˵Ĵͳ̡
ȻγضûȫͳΣο˵ĵ̣ǵжԵģγȻҪôƳռˣЩĻƵ۹ģƳҪֹЩʵҲ׵¹ҷѡ
ЦλǣƤ͸ǵģǾǵģǡ
æôˣȥ̸֮˵ûǿɲ
յǲ֪˵˼أ
ЩǣǵԹѾǳȷĸ㲻Ӧ۾ûˣ֮ɡ
ͷҲˣҲνˡ
յͷЦðɣҸȥ˵˵
Щٸǵʱ˵Ļ


1957 淨һ
ǷǳݵģΪջ¾Ѿˣд󳼶̫ԭƻȽİҪ֪̫ԭƻն࣬ȾûڳǺκݵʱ򣬲Ÿһ£˵һУεȻҲ׼ˣֻΪ˾֡
ʴˣڼϢգξ͸Ͻǵ
̫ԭƻ㲻κݲ뵽İɡ
ոո£ξͿżɽ
ϲ˯Ҳźա
ǵȻ֪ǺģҲûзһ㣬ҲϲˣΪǺյ·ԣְҲǲɽ飬ɶԵĽ飬Ĺ͡
յ£ʵ鱬Ŀʼ΢Ŭ˼ԲߣʱѾ뵽ÿ̫ԭʱ뷨Ǻܳ죬׼¡
һӵ㵱ʱΪβ˵
ڨڨʱҲ֪龿жôأԴҲǺаգԵʱ̫˵
֪ˡ
κһ
һεڱ¶ԳΡ
бĿһۣƬ̣ŵˣҲǲ֮ˣҲܹ㵱ʱĹǡʵҲ޴Ӧʺǰȥԭ֮һʱʺվĻЩҲҳ㻹ø޽һ̫ԭƻ
ǡ
յʵ̫ԭƻУҪݣԹ⣬÷չܱߵóף̫ԭϴȥֻ̻Ҫ̻Ǿͻʽӿ룬ʽӿ֮󣬿϶ǽ裬Ҫվܹлơˣݵĳɹܺõԭϵһ𣬼ǿ˳͢ĹܿءǶԱաвԭϵĲ䣬ߵH٣̫ԭƻʵҲҪӳ͢Щϵܹó͢õĹܿЩȻĻǶЩ˽٣ʹӻľѾǷǳҿԴӾ֪ľ
εͷ棬Ѿ˵һ㣬ҲǳͬǣҪǮģ᲻еԽ
յģѾãԽ꽫ҪеĻңͶ뵽̫ԭƻ档
üĻңѾȫͶ뵽ڽռ棬бûʣ¶٣귢еĻңȫͶ뵽̫ԭƻ棬ǹһֱǳ飬иʲô⣬ʲôȥӦԣȼǳԶ֮ư
ҲԵͷ
ʵƳãΪȡ峯Ľѵظ񣬵Ҫǹһֱڿ״̬˭ﶼᰲȣǳΣ֮ʵһֱǳ飬ûбʵ귢չķǳãȫΣ˳ΪóĲƸȥ㽨裬ҲһǳƵˣҪƽ⡣
Ц£û̫ԭƻҲ㽫ǮóȥǴڹ棬ֻҪ֤һĴͿˣΪ淨Ѿһˡ
淨һأƵʲô˼
յΪ˹ծ
ծ£ûٷйծ뷨ԶֱƵó͢йծΣ
ǵġյͻȻսֱӷйծ
˻ףйծҲû֪
Ц͢Ǯڽ裬ҽķǳãծͿ϶ġܼ򵥣͢ģͶʽ裬˹øԣôԽǮˣԽԸսյԭҲףսֻһ£ԶȥֻҪ͢ȹһأܹܿ͢ǮǣΪ͢˰գֿͭ󣬵ˣǾʲô̸ǮҲΪ׼ģҵ
ҲΪˣծǲ׷еģһҪؼʱ̲ã֤ծöȡսǳصҲõģֻҪ֤͢õתðնԳ͢ģҲ˵ԽԽãôǶڳ͢ľͻԽ㣬ǻȥǮջȴģʵҲһͶʡҳ֮ǰ˵ҴƷչĻƽʱڣ͢ӦøͶʣʧ
Եͷ֮ʵϻΣҲ˵һ㣬Ƿйծǳܾ͢ͻֹؼʱ̣ջԸγ͢ظҲҴһֱߡ
ծĳ֣⽨淨øӸߴϣծʵǳ͢սǮҪǮʱ򣬾ǲϵ˰ķңϴٰգûҵ˼ĹңֻôһҵУȻҪôֻҪԼֽһǧᣬҲԻ𣬹ÿô˰գӵ֣ܻͭ𣬵Ȼܶͳν׼Ը⻹Ǯ
ͻҪһ𣬾Ǿյ⣬һڻֵ쾡££һǷǳŵģñ˵ƳĻңһǮؾͿ϶һǮأȱģǻ£ҿ϶ȱںĩھˣôϴٰա
ͷֵҪⷢսأ
յȣ͢ȻҪ֤һĴ洢ʳͭǿ϶Ҫдģֻܱ֤еؼʱ򣬲óծΣⷢսĻծǸӺģڴ߾ʱǾ˹ծôǾֱӷծծﱸʣȵ¸߾֮ǾͿø߾ծһֻӼһЩ
һԼǶⷢսĳɱӯ˿ɲȾͻõЩءԴֵܹǮǵȻֻ棬ǳ͢ҪһЩǳ͢ҪͶĳɱң̣͢ҲģҲ׬ǮǰЩֱǿģǴƵ۹ǽ裬һϢʲôɲֳ֧͢йծǵĽͳƣծĿǰгϣŵƷҲ˵ߵġ
£˻棿
յͷǧȷΪԪһ£ӵйծˣǶ۹ծΪҪǮЩһˣдǮˣǾͿʼծΪծϢǷǳġ
ԣóϷĵͷףԭծô档
ҲǷǳˣծţɼǷǳγ͢ģùЦ޵úգ뻸ùٰ
Ƶ£ôҲȽϡ
ͻȻ֣ܶ˿ʼᲢۡ
Цǻʺİ
ڨڨһЦ£ҲһЩٵ鼮ϣڳʵҪȳҪǿˣǴҪǿ̫̫౶һȽϣΪ뻸ǿ̫ˣʴˣ볼Ҫǿ뻸١
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ˣˣƨĵ޶ˡһֵ
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ʵ˾кιǣ
ͻȻ͢ĿǰաHǱߵĿ΢̫ԭһֱԭóȻ̫ԭԭյġ
յΪˣô͢űҪǿЩĿƣЩͻ統ͻһֻǱĳǴƣȻǱѾȡóɹǳ͢Ϊʲôԣ
Եͷֿ
ü˼Σ£ϳΪ̫ԭɿţǲóȻţлɳˡˣϳΪ͢Ҫ̫ԭȣȳеһԱȥ̫ԭ
ε֪˾տʺϵѡ
ϳΪ٩ΪʡΪǸԣ̫ԭ֮󣬽øӷ٣л漰ǮƣǣУҾ͵ġ٩ξսԶһһֱԴǮƣòǺأϳΪʵѡ
Եͷ٩ȷǳʣУɸ٩ȥ̫ԭǱĻ޾ʱȱӣ̫ԭ㹻͢óȻĻܱߵܻеֻţɲҪᡣ
̵ʥ
Ȼ֪κ³ӵص
˵ڸ߾һսУ˼󣬵ⲻܷս˼룬ǷǳᶨԼս˼룬ǰأرһҪפڹУֱ쵼Ǳ߽Ҳܳפʵפľ¹Ȼ룬ҲҪ֪ެʮ
ƾ򣬲۷ݡݶפģһֱһսͿȥ֧Ԯ
Ǵ󶼻һ򳣱һʿƽʱֵأְҵҲͼǧ
Ȼⶼ̴ƹǿԼǳȷߣ˵ǴӺ棬ƴǣҲǣҴ֮һǻҪ췴ǾǵĲԡȻռ󶼻ǺǷǳǳصģ͢ݣһҪ򵽵ףⲻϺһֱˣʷǺ³췴ֱ͢ӳ֮ûʲô̸еأ߾ȻôãǸˣƾͳ˧̶ǳݵģʷ϶ʱƾսļأƽ֮֮ɱ¾϶Ǳⲻ˵ģʴˣҪԼı
ƳھûԼıһֱάԭ۳帮ǰͼȴ˲١
ͻȻֵ޻ţڴ˴ξУ㻹ϰ£ȥϣϺ
յͷǵģΪ˵ʳҲ޷ȼİգջһ֮ã͢Ҳ𣬵Ǳдʳһʱ˲ȻʳͲôֻʳԣǱŴĻĵأϺһռЩЩӦҴưյġ
Ҳô˾ٷǳãǱԴ࣬ȱϵ˿ѾͣٷظգҲܹᳯ͢ѹͷͻȻʵ˵ϵһĿʳ
յͷǧȷΪǱˮǳ㣬һʲô⡣
εͷ˼Σ˵Ļ޵ΪϺ͢Ӧ¿ǡʳΪ죬˳֮ʱʳǲ⣬һ֣ʳͻ÷ǳԽгʳҸӰ
ʵҪϺ
һһλ֣޵ȷ뷨ȻʳһֱߣǱ֣ԭ»ȥʳȥ֡ϺǱߵôãΪʲôȥռ죬˳ʳǲǶ⣬Ƕڣżİ
ʵ֪´ô
εһ㣬ףǳ󳼺ͰնףϾΥ˼롣˻ÿŹһսܹΪҴƴĺôһ㣬һôӮһ̣޴ݡݸ˸İĹʸǣԼöݵˮʦ£ҪȷսʤҪܹΪҴƴ㹻ʳԴ͢齨һ֧ǿˮʦĵطҴưͼ
ʥ

ֵ£Щ죬ڽֺϻطʵҴƿȥռġ
һˣ⣬ֻһУǴ̣⽻μҵ£ڿ½ҪȺֵռ죬ЩطƳȻҪţͽ½ռ˵
εǱű̫أǵʿȥǱߣˮ
Ȼ͢Ҫǿˮʦôǿźһ·ȥ˱ɱܹű֮ء
ԵǵҪ
Ǳ߶һЩˮʦϵĻϳΪǧ㹻ˣϳΪ˿϶Ը賯ֵ֧͢ġ
˵ţա
յͷ˿϶ԸǮ
κĵͷֻǶüǧ޾ֵȥԿ
ެЩΣԭĵطٶҲǺģΪ㲻ͻ㣬ǶԸЩвĻ֮أξͲԸʦڣǧͻࡣ
Ǽ֮ǰοܲӦġ
һεĻ֣£ֶũҵǻԵģǲֹģΨһֵֿİ취ӵ㹻ʳңҲܲѾƶȣ͢ǵҪһЩҪѣʳ͸⣬Ϊʳһֱߣδѡ
οʼʶЩ֮ҲһǴܹʳҪ㹻ʳԿֵĵˣʵڲУͽǨǱȥбҪԴš
ͺձǷǳֵ֧ģҲˣȻǳġ
ͻȻ£мȻֻС£ϳΪӦø»㱨
ʵʲô£
ڹһ˶ڽҲСۣôһЩʿΪ˶ӦЧ¾ѧԺѧԱ־ȻϳҲֻڽⷢӣʵǾϣ̷ʵҲʭӴȾ⡣
üͷһ壬֪£
յжţǳҲ֪¸ô졣
ǶıΪζڴº޶ԲߣʵоôһСۣʱú취Ϊ»ûеõ
յΪ߶еһ淢ǴͳάĴͳ޿ɺǣһ棬˼ҲΪ˱죬ûа취
ʵһ𣬼ǱȻƣֻ⣬ΪˣûʱƵȥԼٵҪǮģΪؼǣĹһиɻһùƱ˵ĸܣһôູͺۣؼһϴͷŪɣһ˭Ҳû֣ҪϴĻǳ˭ܵˣУͬҲᱻġ
һᵽӡоǳѬ죬Ҳܰгã춼ø˴򽻵ҹĵλߣ񳤰ʢз죬İһӱʼǧᣬֵܾ͸Ӳö˵
Թһ˶УǷǳ֣ΪҲôǶǵģҾͻͼһˬ죬ͼһɾ
⣬źܶ壬ȽϿԷǳǿѰ˿£ôţǼ⡣ҲһЩʶ֮ʿǷǳ¹˵ģ˵ȻյĴԼǹǸɻͺܿ࣬ȷʵпԭ
˵úе̾˿ֵ£ڶ۲ݣҲ֪Ǻãɣûʺִ¡


1958 
ط֮ƳƶѾϢУķ˸ı䡣
ڷ⽨Уһ׷ıƶȣֻͨһԭ򣬾ǼлȨΪһ˶ƶȷ仯ȷʵҲǳټؼݡ
£ֱƿأƃЩͳ˧棬ǸλǾ濪ᡣҵشߣҲİ壬ǾۣԼִУõְ
̫ԭƻαʾ֧֣ǾֱӲۣżƻҲˡ
ԵҲֻҪ󳼣ûƷԱһȨҪ
ģʽΪĳֲγɵģģʽǰҪȶһЩ̫̫ܳĵҪУû˭Ȩ㳯ҰΪܵҪ󳼵ơ
ηǳ棬ȻģҲû˭ΣĻȨȻģôȻȥƻƽľ棬һЩѡŵȥ
߿֮ǱٿҪ顣
ЧʵҪߺܶ࣬ΪԶǵһ֪ε뷨;
һãͻȻ־һ棬Ƣأ
úֺЦһۣǹԼ
ԭˡԴϢյǾȣŹʣʵ֪ʺкҪ̸
Ѿ֪ϣ͢ӽֺԪǱߵš
յͷ
֮Էת䣬ҪΪ˴λЩ뼢ģ룬ǷӦҲ˴λţ
ճƬ̣뻹ӦõŹ˵ϾȥǱߣ׵£ûгɹ֮ǰǾҪһиʲôҪЩ¾ͺˣǻӦԽ̬ȥԡ
˼ҲͬĵطһŮˣ¶УշȽĥĥ䣬ģðΣŵ֮ǾٵЩʱհɡ⣬ڼһ£кο
յҶûʲô
棿

£ѵʺԴк뷨
ȻûжĹϵΪһЩͳϵı仯ܹ˽ܣҲǻ
üһҲǵģڻʺԣЩǱ档
һ̾Ĺǿ϶ᷴԵġ
üʺ˼ǡ˵ǡ
ԵͷҲվڹǱߡ
ԭǲµģ룬ȷʵֵļֵǴͳ˵ʵҲǴͳҶܹı仯Ǹı䴫ͳı仯ôƻźܴİܹһЩ
ҿô˵ҿǵʱûֹҪֹҲȽѡ
š
ϣףȻЩô£ôһôûС
յͷЦףʺ˼ǣҸʿֵĹϵһֱ̫á
һЦ׾ٺòˡ
Ϊողڴǰ˱ȽůһĻ󳼶Ĺ۲٣ΪС£ִָ
һĹࡢ´ˡ
ˣʺˡ
ǼʺͺѾˣϽ
оֹ䣬ѿǶһ𾴣ʵ˷֣ߣֻȽϵ͵Ա濴ʲôʵϣڳУ˲٣ҵȵǱߵİճֵ߳ӰӰһ͵ġ
ЦûгٵҸ絽ˡɡ
ΪǻûлһֻĹࡢ´Լղ롣
֪üֵ͵¸ãӮôҵĽһΣǱǰķһ̸ûбֳһĲͬ
֮Ⱦ̫ԭƻ
ĹǶ̫ԭƻҲԣղ̫ԭƻҲʾ޳ɡ
ãִ߻ˣ͢õߣǻΪ֮ϣ˳͢Ӧȡѵڲ£̫ԭǱߵĹԱ̫ԭƻǷǳ˽⣬˳͢ɹԱǰȥЭعԱִк̫ԭƻ
⻰ָģȻ帮ǺΪߣһΣ
ĹʺԼǣϳΪǰȥ³̫ԭϣǰȥԱһЩҪᡣ
ͷɵȷʵѡǳ̫ԭϣ˴˴֣һ˿»Щģҽ֪һǰȥЭ̫ԭʷִ̫ԭƻ
ĹǶʾ޳ɡ
̸֮ʵҲڵڼ䣬пз飿
Ƿһ£͢Щʼδڽ֮ʱĹһ˶
ͷҲἰҲϣܹ⣬֪ǶԴкο
໥˿ʵ֪Դкο
ǵԸǷԵĻǾֱӻ˵ңѵҹƴأһ漴λҲ֪⴩ţЩͲǺܽ÷徭أҶЩûʲôңʱҲڳǺ״ҵǸλĿ
ĹԭϳǷǳԴµģΪԭͳ񷨣ʧ񷨣̸ԭͬʱǶԴҲеǳ棬ΪԺҶôģΪνջᱬ˶Ϊˣ˻ȥ빤Ĺ⽻֮Ҳ֣⹤Ҳпԭġ
աﶼԵЩȣȫǵҲϣΪĹǶ壬ǵȻǴͳӵߣȻǾȻûмҵķԣЩ̫˼ˡ
´Ҳǰն붼ũũһȥһȥҲ£ӲˡĹһǿҪ׼ʱ׼ȥɻûйȥԼͷҪĻֻᷢζʭӣʭֻᴫȾˣŪþͻᵼĹȾʭӣɢмĻɾˡ
ʵ֧ô
´æϳҲ޳ɴ£ϾΥͳ
Щˣʲô˼
еȷв˽鳯ֹ͢ռΪȻԭȻγɵģôԸ͢ȻҲȥǿȰգҲϷ񷨡ңܱѾҴƣǵϰԭһ͢ԴǷҲҪԭ֮İЧԭյϰףչȫģìܣԣ黹ΪΣö֮Ҳϰˡ
ԵͷϲҪٽһǻ᲻ôͨأ
ĹüʵʺԴкο
൱أǰһһ˵ʹǰͲ͵һư͵ˡ
΢΢һΣԭ뺫ճ˵ǵģɲóˣǵҲΪͷǰյģ͢ҪֹռǷǳѵģҲΥΪεţ⣬ְ͢ҪΪǽѣȥѣΪԱҪҪάͳ񷨣͢ӦϽԱ
Ĺϳ޳ɻʺĽ飬ҲԱԼʿ֪͢άͳ񷨵ģͬʱҲù֪͢ǵĴ
ոϽҲ֧֡
ĹǶڴµ̬ȣǱϲ
ΪǡǡֳʲôҪһҰĹңҪˬĻһӲģ㽲ҪôģǾͱô
ĹȻ壬Ҳ˵ǻͦģȻҲһȥ˽֪ΪҪƻͳûжģֻչ˲ʭӶԣ˺ǼģСũżʭӶСũƻ󣬵Ƕڹ̵˺Ƿǳģһ˵ˣͿܻᴫȾ⵼¹ĸɻ
ǻܹġ
ǣС仹ôһˣǷǳ¹ĴЩҲʭӴõǡ
ȫԵĻֹˡ
ټϼٷĳ֣һ̶ȣҲ˴Ҷڼ˶ķ
ҲɼƳɡŵķʵƳԱںܶ¶ģΪЩ¶Υͳ˵ǰŮӴװȥ֣ԣԱҲЩŮˣַһЩϲ˹ԱҲָЩˣ˵˵Ƴ͢ȥǿȰȥʲô
Ǿ仰ԽǿĹңԽţԽŵĹңͿ϶Խţ̬ȣҲôУܣܣŲΪͷͻҽɽҪĻԼȢĸԾĹ


1959 겻ɢ
ΪĵһҪ飬˿һ磬ֱʱⳡŵ˽
֮󣬺ȥ˻
ɣżӿ϶̫ùɡ
ռŴ󣬱Ц
Ŵ£ЦѾ֪أ
Цŵͷոǻ۴¡
ŴǺʭˣʵҲô˭뵽ֻô󣬵´Ҷżңдˣ͢ξģ
յϽԱ
Ŵ㵵ԱҲû˭Ը
ЦֻǱһ̬ȣǳ͢վڹԱߵģͷ˼ҵģҲȫֹռǲģǿôֻᵼ´Ҷɷ½һżֳˣǺأǲĻǻȥģҪĻַˣЩô죿ܶԩġʺΪΪΡ
ŴͷӦô
ҲǻܣӦùע̫ԭƻ͢Ѿ귢л֮󣬾Ͳ̫ԭƻ档
ŴǸĹʽѾɷĻҡ
ԵͷȻЩϸҿ
ŴͷŶЩʱ˰Ǳһϣ͵˰©˰֮ˣһٶˡ
£ôһ㰡
ŴѾˣҪɲŵһ갡ҶΪû˸Ҷ
յҸ˵ûһ
Ŵ֪
յΪû˸ҶǺܶûܵ͢ľģܻ̽һ³͢ĵҲ˵е٣ſ϶ֹôһ㣬ֻޣûȫץ漰ĶһЩʲôˣ
ŴʮԱ漰УʣĶһЩ塢𣬻һЩ̡
֮е¡
յɷô涨ģ°°ɡ⣬֤ȷ䣬ͽʿձʹձЩ͵˰©˰˵ļҵ׶ȥҪõȼЩù¡
Ŵѵǲ̫һ㣬в˿ɶͷˣǿȰоһ¡
յǸɵöһЩû£һĳŶǵӰֻƻҵİͷչԼҪܰﵽ٣ôɡ
ŴͷǺðɣȥš
ЩϵȻ֤ȷ䣬Ҳ͵
Ŵֱȥձʿձ
ձȻνǺģǲʲôÿǡʿձܾᣬΪЩˣǳɽʿ壬ⲻǿԼô
ǵ֪ձ`ǣǾҲǡ
ΪҪǵĻվͻΪʿ嶼һ֮ѣ໥ӣʿձǵĻǻܸЩƲϵֻǸΪɽʿ塣
ǵһ͵˰©˰ˣʵȥ˰յ£ֻΪŴϢȽ
ҲóףЩ͵˰©˰˵ϣȫ˳ʲô֣ʲôסʲôλ͵˰©˰٣ȫ˳лǵĳͷ߰ķ𣬽õȼЩδԼ͢СԪֱӽЩ˶ֱôұûõģΪصľֱûأ㶼˰ؾͿ϶ġ
ձʿձɶ˽Ӫģⶼǵȥˣɼûκλء
ҪǸ˵Ļǳ͢ͱûá
Щ˿Щ֮󣬶亹乣ǲû͵˰©˰ΪǵĹ˼άһֱ뾡취͵˰©˰ΪôҲͳν׼ֻǲҶҲ룬ôȥӦӡ˰
ǰ취û뵽ͷͳˡ
Ƿǳˡ
Щλ˱滹ǳϧԼֱôȥǶ˶ˡ
ǶңҿûĻⳤȥˡ
Ƕ˶ǳֳ֧͢ôΪҿɶǷǳӳģ֮ˣӦôá
⣬Ҷ˰ǹĿ࿴˰Գǳ͵˶֪˰浽жˣҲ֪ǽʲô֣ͻȻһ£ͱٶ͵˰©˰ˣ˰ȷÿһǮҶڳҪǼڻһǶ֪ôġ
Ͻȥ齻˰¼Լǽʲô˰ҪŵĻְ֮
Ҳܶ˸ѣĳŻҪģ͢ǵ˽Уȥ沢ǻ˰ǾǵĲԡ
ˣʵȥģΪǲҪ˽ףڵصĴûأһǽɷ˿Ҫ˽ףҪǻϾˡ
һ¾ͱ÷ǳִǾƲܷģΪĿǰҪɶ˰Ƿŵġ
ֱӵһ󣬻ҵ
ͬʱҲӰ쵽һ£ǳ͢ڲй棬ϽԱϢû˵⣬ȻһЩ󳼶Դ˸еǼһЩǺܱ΢ģȻʺҪ󳼶޳ɣҲΪȥЩǽϾ

ڳǱһƬСУֻӰٵĴţ
ڲԶھĿš
Ǻ
һֱСҰڱźգСҰҲҪɼҵܱһӣҲû㣬һ˰ѵڣǰСҰū
֮ѡūΪūȽҳϣҲǺնڱڵĵһҪ
мʱ㱨ˣ
ͻȻڵ
ʵʲô£
ǵǭǸĹǰغ˺ü꣬Ǵδǰȥݡ
ԣƤͻȻ£δǰȥ
ͷǵҹԹ۲죬ǴδȥǷĹѾӲݡ
ѽҶ˽⣬ܹŵ³ޣҲܷŵĸףôȥˣܲȥĸףѾȥˣֻҵûз֣ղü˼
СҰ磡
һ̧ͷȥֻСҰͷ󺹵ܹһǲУǲС
ЦΪβУ
СҰֻ֪أźûȤ
պǺЦСҰǿǱڣɱ֣ǵְǱңصȻҪڽûйǵķأ
СҰ£ҡͷûС
ҾˣСҰ㶼ûƣû˿Թǵķء
ǵǣԪվͿܴǡ
ԸǼһҪñڣԼܹ㶨պǺһЦһƺݹȥ͸Ͻݳɻ飬ҿǺڴֵܴŶӳȥ档
СҰͷɬЦЦ
Щ˼ʲôϢʱҡ
ͷ֪ˡ
ڣü˼ţֻһ֣Ѿϵҿܻȥĸףʴûǰȥʲô취ҵļʶһ־ʲô⡣
ǵһֵĻٺòˣǳʲô⣬ô䵽˭أ
Ǳ£Ӧòǣһֱڹ빬УҲûκ壬ԱµΪˣӦòôҲûôıҪôǻʺҲ̫ܣʱɱľǻʺ󣬱Ҫ棬Ǿ;ԻŻʺģԱµֶΣʺ֪٣ǻǿġ
ֻ˭أ
üȻ˫ĿһѵֻϺꣿѾˣΪλҪô£ǳ˱ºͻʺΨֻϺԴ֪֪׵ģĻΪҪôأ겻ɢ


1960 ɼӲ
ХƬƬѩڵз׷Ʈڶ磬ɽҰׯȫڰɵĴѩ֮УȥһƬװع
֮ǱյĴͳһЩɱ죬ȥ͸·ߵؤԼܱߵһЩˣܹӵãѾԽԽСǵʵȲǰؤԽԽˡ
ǳİȴû紫ͳһŴѩĽ٣ũͣЪڼеĵŹ꣬ǻҪ£һ⹤ǵԶũġ
ǣ°ʱԿնżѼ⣬ԼһЩС£ŵҸЦݡ
ǰеʳɻôĶǰҲûôḻʹӦ
Ϊʲô
Ϊڶڸɻÿ컹ŴƷũ򡭡Ѿˡߡ
ã
Ҳֻܼʼǡ
磬ѩͣһǳĺɫڽֵϣİգ֪ˣһǷǸΪִɫĳУΪľģǲõģúᣬĳз

ͣһۡǰ
ǵˣ
ֻ֨ѽһŴӲߴͬʱһľݴӳ˳ľľģ̤ľʵģĶʵģҲƳ豸ľϣΪǲߣ˴һǾľͷֻǹؼø
ĳеĶ֣һѧϰˣ֮ģʽһҪ׬͵׬˵Ǯô͵ýֳȼ˾Ը⻨ǮΪ˽ֳֵȼҲɷѿġΪĳŸ˲棬ǰ滹ŵģ̫㣬ڳڰװ۵ݣϳžǴ۵ݵĿأǳҲĳеһר
ֻһźɫµӴӳ
Ǻա
µ˲䣬ۡĴŴ
ݹ٣ԡ
ͼӭ
Цԣҵǲ⣬ǻ
ͼһЦ
յɱңҽҪһˣѾܶෳ£ѾβܹҸܵһϲζô
ͼԸģֻǼҸ֪֮󣬶Դ˲Ǻͬ
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ͼͷ
һЦǾͲʲô⡣
ͼ£ľګĵͷֵС磬롣
ڣֻһλӣԼʮң뷢ڰײӣͷɴŻɫۣݣʲ
һ⴩ţ֪ǼʿеĽڼɣӶǳڼ󣬶ǴСɵģװģģҲһǴﲻϲЩݳ޵Ķ
ʵڼǶڸ˶ԣ˶ԣǽڼȻѾû䣬Ǽҵ׻ڣǼװꡢ趼ǳصġ
࣬
ֱôã໹
Ȼ֪Ҫ⵱ҪҲû˵Ͻȥſڣūһݣǵȵã񣬴Ҳǻǣ𱰣ϸҲԿʿ͹ԱĵλǷǳ΢ģĿǰϣʵڵһλģְֻΡ
־ϣı󣬵Ҳһ֮
ңҡչֻصһ񣬵ռ
಻ǹԱʿ˵黭趼ǳ
಻΢΢ʾ
л
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ͼֱվڱϣʿͥЩⷱȽڣɼƽ͡ɰˣѽ
Ƭ֮ʵС˵˷ãϣСĻȥչ֪Ƿ񣿡
յͷרΪ˶
УǰС˵ʱΪСǹƭҵġҡͷЦЦСŸյ֮꣬ѧղЩ׾˿޷ȥָһҲǿеģóȥչֻ˻ЦҲߡɣɡ
ЦӦ֪ʲôɣ
£һЦ
ȴΪȻ˳˿ľǼֵɵĻûκμֵ·ЩѩŰݷá
¶ɫҲк棬ȮӵĻҲһ治֪ܹӡ
ʲôҲ˵֪ӦɽĻչôҾͻһλʥ
̫Сˣ
֣ϵ£ô˵Ųɣ黭ô
ֹ˼ǳԣϣҪڼ黭棬Ļһ϶ûˡ
Ц֪ɵĻкο
ȮӵĻȱ⾳ֲʵѵǴ֮ð
ͼĻĻǽ⾳ΨһͼĻͱȽдʵȱһЩȱ첲ȣһжûУ඼׻Щʲô
ʵ˷ǫ֮
ǫ飬ȮӵĻôãҲȰ˵ҲøҵĿãΪףȻҲϣгϢ
ԣЦ
֮⣬ηЦ
յ黭裬ھʿ֣һǴΪʧ
ʱɫһ䣬ҪҲˣϣ̵̣ھʿֵҲҵǱԣߡ
ͼʼðֺúռԼĸס
Ц鷨棬ʮС磬ڼ黭棬ԶҡɵĻһЩ޼֮УȴһĲֵа
˵ֵǧͼֵǧ𣿡
˵һĲֵһĲֵЦǲһء
ζģ
յɵĻóȥչʿ˶ͬЩ޼֮ǾӮôЩͱɹͬӵУǵòʿ˵ͬҽóʮΪ⳥ҵʧѣҵǱǸ¸֪ҡ
ѾŭˣİһΪ
Ҫڱķ棬ᶯŭ黭棬㺫һҲǰа壬ҪӦսǾ͸ӶˣңֱӷϣôӦ
Цɸ
кβҡ
һˣҲᴦźףͼȥֽī
ͼѾˣ˵С£ˣóȥˡ
ЦԶԶԣ˻ɵģӦҲûˡ
ɽǺ黭汻շ̣׵ݶ̣һӣվŭͼТ֮ӣĻ档
ңҡȥãҪŭ
ͼȶڷϽܳȥ
ʿӵܶԣҪǱϲТñӣ˶ûˡ
Ҷôûأղеա
һٷ
Լ߳Цֻǲ
ͼ͵͵һۣѾŭ뿪ˣߵС磬ؿǱ㺦ˣ֪˵ôҲӦġ
յҲ˵̬Ҳˣֻܳ²ߡģȥ֮ʱͻϲЦտġ˵䣬ͼı۰
˿ܰοͼ
ȵͺ뿪֮ͼ̱鷿Ϊ²ʲôûкӹҪǺӮˣ׻ȥҪǺˣҲᱻ˳Цģϣںû֮ǰЩŪߣˣֳŹꡣ
Ǹյ鷿ſڣͼ
״ˡ
ͼͷڴᡣ
ü
ͼײ
ߵѵΪһֶдõ
ô˵ңȻҲպɫ
ͼ׵ûô롣
һͲˣ˼ʮĻ᲻һ
ӣҰΪɨأΪͽš
ͼˡ
ȥ



1961 Ƕô
ȥҲԤʾµһ꿪ʼˡ
Ƴԣÿһ궼󣬶ǰ긴һ꣬һʲô𣬶񣬲ǳҶһһΪҪ
ΪȥĶ֮Ƶ۹һٷչڣҸ˴۹
ʼֻ˺һҵȻΧߣšİ䲼˴ģͶϣϽΪ˵սΪǱ߶ûʲôˣмķչռ䡣
̫ԭƻԤʾŻƺԱõš
ҵžʣ°֮أҲûа취ߣǱ߳ɱ̫ߣǱһ󿪷ģһõȵƼ֮󣬷츮ǱܹʳԴʱûд㿪Ǳߣӡ˰ûǱִС
뵱շչ˺һʱ伫ʲô߶濿£ôģĿղæ
ʵˣ͢ǳɣⶼΪΣðɷչֻ͢׳նѡ
ʱ򣬳͢ͶᲦһͶŵ̫ԭƻ棬лϵ
ǮӹȥȻͻȥңҲ˾ʵվǸݵһףҲ֪ô棬Ҫ²ġ
ںŵĻ͢ǷһЩΪοʼǱߣǶڵ½еģһЩͿˮʦȥԮ
ʴˣڹ󣬺յһֱڳﱸչ¡
Ϊʲô˵ĿͼĻΪЩܹչ۽磬ԭĴͳǰǨϲߣҵͱߣôܣû̫壬ҪðҲ˼룬˼ǺҪȻĻڻڣҲ
ڴձ棬һƪ£ȷΪͼٰһλչ
ϢҪںĻҲһϢѣϲ˾ȥһ£ʲôƳǲˡ
ΪӹԽû˾йչЩҡ鷨ҲԼĻλѿ
ǼȺҪǫ飬鷳ģԼֻ˵ԼãõĶñ˵ǹŴĳʽӴﵽʿ˴ԼȻԼͶൽɽ浱СŴţЩ룬Ƹˣ·ԣ˭ҲԼԼĻչ
ôãҲû˵Ҫóչ
ͼ뿪ʱֻһӸ磬㣬ʧʮ꣬һҪٰ컭չ͸ӿһ㡣
Ȼ󲨣̫ԭƻķͷˡ
ֱ˼飡
¶̸⡣
г㳡
벻ͼ˿ǰûз֡
ֹҪֱ޳ܡ֮ΪʥҲԼ鷨óչδܹǿ棿
ͼŶ֮꣬ĻٺҲĺôҲô
ҶǷˣ˿
ؿ»ᱻ˳Цġ

ҡ
֣ǹϲϲ
ϲӺ
ãȻĿԼļλѡ
ѵûпյĴձ
һ㶼ʿձ
ˣѵֲ֪Ҫٰ컭չһô
գʱ֪
Ǽλ໥˿һЦȻǻȮӣӦʤô˼ѶѵǴϲ֮ô
һ˵˵ѽϵ鷨裬һֱ˾壬ٳһλ󻭼ңǿϲɺذ
ˣλĪҪ˵ĻΪֶˣȮӴǳĻˡ
ΪΡ
ˣⶼΪǺգ⻭չģұǲӦģû룬Ȼ˵ҿ¶ԼȻĻȮ˳Ц֮¡
ԭ滹ôһϵֿ֪ɷɵĻҵȼ͡
ʲôͣԵ£һѾǲֵĻˣﻹûʣ¶ˡ
һֻһһǰ֮һгɽ塣
ţͣд˾տĻȴ˲ѽֻ
һֻˣһҡͷ̾
ͼ͸ӱߣŶҳ
Ϊʼٸߵĺգǲһ£СΪСҰҪݡ
磬С֣ҲڵʱǿɵСһЩ
СҰϣԲĵĿźոܵܡ
Цȥɣǻչ˺Լģ㣬·ҪСһ㣬ȥҲϡ
СҰҿѵñǡ
ùһЦ
СҰԸԸˡջ֪ͨҪµ̶ӣ·עһ¡
һ򻰶ܵܣʱѾʵĿ˵ˣСҰҪҪȻҾȥǱ㡣
СҰͷС֣ģһᾡЩġ
СҰ
ܵ˰죬̲סˣһѱסСҰ˳
СҰһĹԹܱܵţҲΰοܵܡ
ջǺվܵܵļģСҰǣҲ᲻ãǲǣ
ߵĵͷ
ܵ̿ҪЩ
һ
֮СҰڼˡ
ֱСҰʧҰʼգղܵܵļ򣬵ӦΪСҰеĲǡ
֪ܵܵ᲻СҰ
Цġ
ܵܵ磬ҪСҰ̫ûлأҾȥݡ
֪֪һȥСҰܻȥɡ
š

С磬С硣
ܸܵջص֡ɳǵһȺӸǡ
ǰʹӺϻˣҲڲȡΪΣҪźãȻͽȥŪ
˹ȥʲôʱѧ·أ
ֵԼżλһȥһ¥ԷûҲվȵȡ˵ţֵС磬˵չ£⣿
յͷѽʲô⣿
ٺٵС磬ҸޣҪôǣ
յһۣʲôǣٰ컭չǮɶҳģҲҺˡ
ֵС磬ܻǮҿɾҪ˳Ц
˵ɣ԰˵ǮպһֵЩЦͼˣһЩ֮ˣûʲô£ͻἵ˼ңǿɱһ켵ұǮ࣬ǻἵʵġ
ЦǲŲ㣬ͼҲʶǲһǻٺãҲô˼ɶûнԼĻóչƾʲô
һĹӸҵնͼĻ˵ûȣҵ˵ˣǻóչֻȡ衣
պߵô
̵С磬ղĻҲǷǳ˲õġ
ǹӸŭźա
յȻǾó֪ôǮͳǮȥ԰
ֵǮɶϵռҿɲȱǮҪͼƾʲôٰ컭չ
ǣͼٰܹ컭չҲٰܾ鷨չ
һֵҶø˵ЩһôҸǣͼÿһֵǧܿĻҡ
һŵûôѽ
պߵ˭Ȿ
ʲôϵ
ôûйϵҳôǮҵýǮ׬
զ׬
ȻƱƱ뿴ʲôʱô޳أ
ɶ⡭⻹Ʊ
ȻΪأ
ȥһ£ǸӣӦøлǲǣǵǮд
ֱ׳
ֵָǴδ޳֮ˡС֣ߣ̸Ƕţ١


1962 ͳͳˮ
ѽ
Уҵȥۡ
ûˣʲô
Ҿһ̣Ҳǹļ̣ң˭Ҳû㺫ռѽ鷨Ҳ˼̸
Ͻһץס磬ɶҪҲõȻչȥ۰
֣ҵҪͼĻǲô񡣡
ʲôҵѵúòöôչʱҵҪճ

ջûͼ֣С¬ʦվ·ߣһĿ
λҲڰ
ǰЦ
֣֪̾СôǵͲȰͼˣ
¬ʦԵС磬һգôͼҲá
֣е֪ҹͼǰһޡ
㶵ʲôѽ
֣еͼŶҳʿ޲ڳЦȡ裬֪֪ңҪͼĻֺαأ
յҲҵĴֻ˵ٰչ˶ѣЩΪʿӣԼûɶ£˼Һá
¬ʦԵ˼ܺô㷽Ÿǵ˵ǿɶˡ
Ҳġ
Ҳ˵£常ĶԼģ
£
常ǳ常鷨Ǵģ˵أ
Ҳ롣ǣӲ˵ͼĻãǰΪǫ飬֪棬ˣɶôΪǾͿͼĻ޼֮
ס
¬ʦֵ̧㣬ǧǽĻҲҳš
֣Ҳֱͷ
ڹʱκһɲС£ûлôҪ֮Щ鷨ңȥ֮Խ鷨óչҲûԸóǶúúأȻһ̣ȫûˡ
ű˵ˡ
㿴˼ôǫ飬Ҫ˵˭ûãҲû˵Ҫٰ컭չ

ջͷһֻ˹æֵ飬̫ʷ
˼úգ˹
֣С¬ʦ˹еһ
ռ뷢԰ף飬ͿɲСôͣϽӲ졣
ΪЦлģ֮꣬Ҵһոµĳǣ޺ˣ
տЦѽ
Цǰ
Цһĸǡ˵ô˵ȴһЦá
һ飬֪˱Ƚֱ
Ǻǡ
ҶЦˣ
ƵЦʲô
ǸǸ˵֡
һҪ˵רҵ棬˵ͼܼҪ˵飬Ҫŵڶˡ
֣С¬ʦĿҪȥֺڣպͼӦٰ컭չ

ֵȣϷҲǵһ黭棬һɽһɽߣ˭˸ҳƵһΣڻչ֮£Ҳ֪һҲǳ뿴
ЦѾȲͼǺӵĻΪֵúС
ֵһۣġʱǼƱ
ҪƱ
ȻҪƱһˡյ
˰Σ漴ЦǾ͸ȥˡ
Ҳͷ

ƱϢȥ֮󣬷֮ǵأѾҪҪ⣬ѾˣͼڴҿҪûҪûûǸӣøǮֱ
ϡ
Ԫĵ˫ֱɳϣһ˫޳˫ȣΪĶĿٲȻһŮܲõƣþ§Ǹˣһɵ࣬Ǵɷ羰
ô
ԪĵĿһ
յҪеĻҾ㣬ȥ
һУ
Ԫĵεķ°ۣȻǺУΪҪȥŪʲôչ˼ҡ
ʲôۡյΪʲôҵ۹⣬ͼЩ޼֮
ԪĵˣҲӦõ͵λ黭ңԼƷչ
յ˵úܲҾҪıֲ
ʲôǲԪĵߵ
յۼֵ˭ȽǮмֵɽǮڼҲһ̺ͭżֵĶӦóҹͣŻмֵҪǲóÿӴĹȥʲôֵطҲˣЩ˽Щ洫ط浽ʲôֵóƷмֵһˣѵôΪô
ԪĵԶԣΪȷʵϣҶطóĽǮܹơ
ѩͻȻգɲܸ߱ˣҾǰˡ
ͼնôûޣҪǻĻտܻȥ㱼ѽǲ
յ˵ҵȻ˵ͯѾóٱ֣ǴΪô׵ôֻıֲмֵĶӦóŲţ˽Ϊ
֧㣬ӦˣҿЩЦͼˣһЩαӰˡ
ºŮħͷü
¶ҡҸ˯մ˸ָȻָ¡
ЦɾˣĵˣΪһ֮úúĵ㡣
Ҳã
ˬĴӦ
Ԫĵֱһ
ոϽסߵˣұִУҲΥҺ塣
ºѩЦ

á
֮ĹһԼϣһĺ˵ƽ˲࣬һ
Цĳϻ̳Ͽ֣Ϊ˽ôϻ̳Ͽ֣֪Һø
Ĺ£漴Ц
мﶼ̿
Ĺֵڴձ濯һϢܹ̾ڳȻ󲨣Ψ˴Ӱ
ԭ˵ǻչ£ʵҲ̫ףҲϣԼֵһЩöóҷˣû뵽ֳҡͷ̾
Ц棿
յʺڴˣĸϹ˵
ֻһЦĵǰϹ˵Ļ٣
´ͼᣬûôã
յҲᣬҲ
´˰Σ漴ͷҲǵġ
յҲţʺͼĻɶϲĽ̲סڣҪһȥ
´̾ȵĿ
û뵽쵰Ὣյͷ޲һŽ˸߳ȥǿһΪǷþңҲͦϲġ
⵹ĹЩȣ룬ʺϲй֮ȥ
ЦҵȿҪȥѽ
Ц˵˵׼׵֮ͼƱǡ
ǿɾͶлˡ
Ĺǳȥ֮
յʺ·Ըô
⣬Ȼŵ˭㽫˵ȥģ
յ˭ûʺ
Ϊǻҡ
һڣͻȻЩףʱһȡ
ƴסЦ⣬ʺҪݳڲ尡



1963 ǳʵ
ãյûȥȥ
Ƕǰ̫ˣæǰ񣬡С˲μ
̫ӵô
ڻ԰ɢСȥͨ
л
һ̫˹ȥ
ո԰ͼһ곯֡
ոϽ˹ȥռ¡
񣡡
뾪ϲգǺЩʱûˡ
ЦĩһĻһûˣ
úǺһЦ
ռɫ͸˿˿ǵµɫǰҪöˡ
ЦһЩįǱǰ˲٣ҽ¬ɶ˵ȽҪùۡ
£ԼģһҪչ˺ãûкõ壬ʲôɲɵġ
֪
ֵǴ⹬Ҳһ£ӦʵȥߣһЩʲôǿ
һĨϲɫҲôġ
մӻͳһʱϣܹ١
æӹһϲչ
ЦѾ֪¡
ֱͷ˵˶ڳЦͼ֪߳ܣ
Цǲ֪Ϊأ
ͼʶ۹⡣
յлʶΨһԱ֤ǣһϲġ
ôһϲǸʲһӦȥġ
Цű»ӦģϾڵĻָ
һתԼУҵһȥ
ǺǲģȻˣ뵱Ȼ׷ߡһɢŲһ߸ںϻֵ顣

ҶΪһֱЦʱΪվڿЦȴڷǳڳﱸУ԰ͣҵʱ˶֪ⲻڿЦ԰ҵģȻҲйɷݣ̣ͣҵʧȻɺճ
ٳһ㣬Ҫ֤꣬Ҳһˮϡ
һվȵ棬ڹĹͲ϶ǺյԱ
ΪʲôҪѡ԰ΪŴûеƣҲûв߿϶ûá
յļƻǷ԰ȵ棬ҪĽ
Ľڷ¥ĽŶӶԣɼ죬ǾɫĽʦˡ
ΪĿǰϻûĸңʮĽ裬ŸֽʦֵǮĻǾ顣
ΪͲͣһô
һĿźա
Ҫ˵ǰЩǻܹ˽⣬ĻľûбҪѾȫһ˼ҶΪȴԼŪøСƵá
̾ǰһֱѧϰ˾գôѧҲѧᣬ룬ͻԼ·ɡ
ߵϷ򣬷ҲϷ£ϷҲֻ˵˵ѣ㡣
պǺһЦŻչ˾ձ㲻ˡ
ҡҡͷϷⱲʶΨСϷ׽͸
յΪôôʵԸǺģñ˵˵ٰλչΪ˶ΪʲôıƣΪǹҡ
ڰֵҲֲǣôؽѵҲǼˡ
ǡʲô˼


˵ҲȤôһ֣·ķչͣ˶ŻչĿĻ
ҲûǾõȣΪҲҪﱸá
ʽͻչƱƱʵ԰ôһƱҲУǼӪƣƱһǮ
ǮʱһƬֱǮ
һ㣬ͨտ϶ǿ𣬲˵òһǮͨղܻһǮȥǮںûʲô
˾ȵʱƱĵգĶ鶼ܹΧŹ㳡Ȧˡ
֣أ㲻˵ͼûչǷô
ҲôΪģֻտƾҾҪʲôܹһǮƱۡ

ҿСǼƱĻһƱ󰡣
¬ʦԿⳡЦ
еǺյ֮ǰô˵Щ治û
֣еͷ⻭ǷֵͣٺΪˣ治ΪҴƵʥ
˵䣬˺С磡
Ѱȥֻܵ˹
С磬㲻˵ΪôôƱôף
վڶгź
պߵҪǮЩҲóԷȥ

˶Ц
ֱ֣ߣЦλһǳҵƱɡ
¬ʦЦŵͷһ˵¡
֣еС磬ҿΪʲôҪô˵ˡ
סյֻΪ׬ǮƱʮǮҲֲЩŬҪŬɱ£֮Ҳٻ¡
֣ЦЦȻշǳţҲ޷
Ц˵Ϊ
յͷģչĻգǾͻҵһġ
һ磬Ʊȫꡣ
ֻҪǳԺ֣֮Ҳ˵òãһȥ
磬ҡ
ɲԽԽʹཫնԼ˵ȥһǱƵ˼ϣʵͼҲֻûа취ųд
ۣͼôŪ
ռͼʱŵһúһλ湫ӣǲޱ߷㲣˫ĿѪ˿
ͼһۣӵ໰ʵ֪ãΪ£
ЦһϢģƱڰʱȫ꣬һŲʣ
ͼƵǶ뿴ҵЦ
ôô롣ռ㲻ҪӰ죬ӦýһõĿʼ
ͼʵû˵Ŷһ֪ˡ
̾˿ʲôʱ
ͼ·˾һ㣬ҡͷҿɲȥ
ƵĻչ㲻ȥ
ȥȥҲȥͼ޲ýͷ˦ˡ
ʵЩ죬һֱݷãϣͼĻĵȻĺѣҵˣȻóǿ
ǿ֮ȻûĲЩתۣʲôֻоǣͼȵȡ
κݵʱͼպһÿһԡĻѾûˣѰ·
յΪʲôͲңҶҵһҵˡ
ͼۿһ˿ҲǡҾǲȥô˵Ҷȥ
̾˿ðɣðɣ㡣


1964 ²۴
ʵڻչ棬ֺ֧գ˵֮⣬ûֺ֧ա
Ϊ˳ǫǫӣ컭չʵ̫ߵһ㣬봫ͳ˼ȫģҪ컭չҲһܵ˷̵ģ޷ģϾ⣬϶ǻһЩֵ֧ģͼʧʮ꣬ߵʱ򣬻ֻһѧͽ֮꣬ϳǺ
һֱΪֺ֧յˣȫͳûһƱչģĿɶʿ׼棬ռǹ¾սȱ֧ߡ
඼ڸǩԼҲû뵽»ô
ûа취Ǯܹ԰ֲǸʲô֮£Ҫǲˬͱѽ
һ棬˵ǶûпƾʲôԴۣЩͼĻˣ˵ֻǸЩ˲
ôţºܶ˶Դ˲ƱܿˣΪ㲻ȥǾûۡ
϶˽ƱˣЩʿЩƸģһ󱲸㻭չôҲȥָ㣬Ǵͳ˼룬Ʊȥ̫ˡ
Ǿٰ컭չǺգͼҲǸһЩԼϵȽϺõƱЩʿŲ롣
Ȼʱ䲻Ǻܳ⻭չѾΪʿУʿеͷȴ£ʤڻչĻա
ƱƵģŴƱһӺƵģΪûԤϻ᲻꣬ӡ
Σǧ꣬ѾȲˡ
ȵĻգտϣϴһ㣬Ʈżƣ·ֿɴǳƯҲǳ˷ܣ첻꣬Ʊˣϵ԰
Ǻ԰˳Ķ飬ȫˣҲʮ꣬ͼһģͼһģһ˶ûС
ҶǳǼԭΪչ󣬾ݲúˣôҲýպݺһúóһڶǰڵ棬ռϷ磬ûа취վڰǱߣռŵƸߵ㣬ҪŪգ̫ˣ
˵ʵҲġ
ʱһ԰ĴŻҶȻߣڳǲܿģѾϰˡ
λͣ롣
Ժڣһģ£󷽵Ůӭ˹
һֳ졢Ưׯ󷽵Ů˳ֳϣǲǸˣͿ϶˳
Ů˲£Ѱָɲ£ֻйˡټܹʤΡ
Ůׯ˳԰ⳡϣ˵йͳӭӡ
ׯ㣬Сô
ִȥʵ
ׯĹӵĻʱδ
ʲôС粻ڣ
⻭չǺСôôܲأ
ЩӸһղڣ̱Թ
ǾյǣͼҲǣͼ˳Цô죬ŶҳͼûʲôУղΨһǡ
ׯæλ԰꣬ȻҲǾ֪һġ
˲ƽϢԹ
ȥǱС紵ϵĻɡ
λ롣
ׯ԰ĺ԰֣԰ָԪҵûȣרдһЩ͵ģΪ˻ǽ˺һǲϲƻΪۣԼṩռ䣬ϲȻΪһ壬ڸ˶ԣΪˣټͷûеƣҶϲ棬԰Ǳزٵģֻдľïʢﻨ㣬ɼмһȵУȵǻչľٰء
ôлĪǱأ
һȵܱŲٴһҪǮɾͰ׻ˡ
ׯģΪЩҽģʧĻûҽ
ƻʧѰ
һӸߵ
ׯòԵ΢΢һЦȨû˵һٷλĪȥ
˵꣬ЩӸͻӻ֣Ȼ˽ȥ
ֻȵһôͳĻ׻ɫģ붼вɫȫҶ棬Ȼߣ߹ϣյģ߸һ񣬾ʾҲҪȥ
ò˵ʷһλչˣȻô໭ֶǶˣ鲻ԽһЩСġ
Ǻܿ˵Ŀģ²۵ģ׷״սĿȥжΪ붼ԶҲ֪ڡ
Ƭ̼䣬һԹʲô̫ƽ˰ɡ
⻭Ҳ˼óٰ컭չ
Сǻ⻭Ҳ׬һǮ
Ǻԣһ֪

ܿ죬Ц콫ݶˡ
ЦţͻȻѺվһǰҲûиһ鳰Ц˹ȥڿʲô
磬㿴⻭ô
Ŀȥȥô
Ԫݵú󡣡
ֲզ֪
һָ
ֵͷȥһľ壬ľд˻ںʱоɫ
ѽ
΢΢һ̧ĿȥƵȥģɿŲ̫񰡣
ǵʱ뿪ʱúûнǰ껭ģȻһ
żѽͷչ⻭ú¿Ӿʮͷ֮ࡣ
ʱһĹӸ˹ġ￴ʲô
㿴⻭оԪúӦҲǴúһȥذ
ô
ƭǳõúȫ
˵䣬һŮʿ˹еһ񣬵λǺ˻úú󡣡˵ţֿʼ⻭⻭ʲôʱ򣬻еڸʲô
úǼ񣬶ҲȥȵŮʿ꣬Ҳ鲻Խ˵ԼǱߵľúһЩȤ¡
ţֺȻֳЦʧˣŮ˵дһЩѯҿ˿ִվڻǰЩŮʿţо棬ʲô˵ô²۵أܵԼĺǱߣڿʲô
ȱ˵
ǹֹܵŮ澣Ȼֳֵ֣֪еڸʲô𣿡
ĿȥһͷͷͣһҴʮվͷϣлмƷˡǵⲻͷô
ϸ
ֿ˿֣ϣܱ߶Żѣôϳţôô帾ףҲƻǵǳƵá
ǹЦͷڼǰҲǳΣڡ
ô
֡ͬ
š
ǹӵʱݱΣμǣͬʱ͢ǰ˰Ǹݵʱҳߣǲ뿪ڵصģЩնҹɫ͵͵뿪ݣȥ
̵ˣǶǱץסˣ㿴вкܶô
䣬ǹ߼λѶЦһԽܵŮʿڴЦ
εЦʲôѵô
ǹָŻ㿴Ǹڸʲô
ϸһۺǮ
ϻվһգЩ۸׽ǵģǮģҪǮܹ뿪ݡ
ʲô⡭д
ŭ
һӸʱ˭뾡취Ǯ
ҸղǱ߻һ۹컯֮£ֱŴӽ˼ҵĹŮߣΪս˰
ҵʱҲǱ߷ǳңҲû뵽ôڰ


1965 ֵ
ԭЩֻһĿģΪ²ۡ
һǮһһ͵˻ûǷӸɵ£²ۣǾֵˣϾ˵ġ
ʵǶԹΪ²۴ӡûбĿģΪ²ۣȻ身գлѹѾõĶ
տʼҲôɵģһ͸²ۣЦûжϹ
Ǻܿ죬Ǿⳡ£վڻǰȥˣǼԣۡ
Ǿ仰˵ġ
Ǻܶ˶ûг磬ģ·Ǵһµš
ңٷҪŹȥʮΪҪ£һ¾߾Ͱټá
Ȼ治սʱսĸ߾Ͱټã¶ǺҪһ£ң߾ټ֮󣬴Ҷ˵Ǳ׬˺ܶǮԼܶԴǴӸ߾Ǳģǰ˵Ǳߣɶǻ֮أǶԴǷǳϷ߾Ͱټþʲôģ
˵Ŀ⡣
ΪĿģڶ£ҲǳǰľΣ
ȻһΣѾȥˣÿ˵ж˲Ĩ˺ۣʧǼģɹ㣬ǾϣǲƸϣʱҶҪˣһ㳯ǸͷͱҪսĨȥһС
ǳΣֱӵ£طԱҪôɱҪôͨȨһʱĻʺ󱻴乬һ⣬帮ֱӱ̣ʦ¬ҲְԱǧԱֱӱ㣬ҷǧծ
ⶼʷ϶Ǵûйġ
˵ε֮⣬ȫǴҡΡµһ޵ķޣͲö˵Ƕˣ帮ǸӲö˵Ҳûмù˵Ļʼľˣҵַεʿ˺һʿ׼ŪһͿվ͸Ӳ˵ֻҪѣҪʡ
˺ÿ˵У͢䲼κξߣῼǵǳΣڳоûһ˸Ӫ˭˵ӪᱻĹѪͷǳΣĸԭ򣬾ǹӪҲû˸˵ǰ˰ʱչ֮󣬲ôѣҲû˵ǰ˰ҲǷйծ
ǣÿ˶ǳΣеãͲ̫ô£Ҳҳʲôӣⲻ׾ȥס
Ȼмأǹٷļأȼ䣬ܻһЩ
ͼЩǽһĻĻ¼ҿš
Щ²۴ӣЩ¶ˡ
Ϊʲô֮ǰһЩѣûȻҲڵٰ컭չĵزΪûȥ뵽ⱳĹ£ǽעڻ棬ϰգֲΨʲôÿġ
𵽹ؼõģЩľƣԼһԽܵŮʿʲôʱ䣬ص㣬¼ټŮʿĽ˵Щ̱Ƿÿص㣬ÿʱ㣬ÿ飬·һ¡
˵ףΪˣģʲôɽˮ羰ӶЩȤһҪмߵˣŶЩȤ
ģֶΪЩŮʿֻǽһţЩϸҲ֪еǣῴɷ壬ҵ뷨һ
Щչо͢һʮҵӣվȵڴһǽüͷ
һʵΪҪ͢
㿴һŹٷĹԱմڵϣǱ
ͨݵĵ··߰պʬͷ·ĹԱȴ
ѽЩȻпܶʵģǶڳ͢Ӱ̫ˡ
Ҳ̫ã㿴òһʿ沢أũ򡣡
̶Դ۷׷ףΪǰδйģ˵ֽϡʷϣҲᵽЩ£Ա̰帮ʱʲô״˳Ҳûʲô
ǣǱϾּأ⻭ֲͬǺĻ˳Աʿɶͳν׼ڻеȴǱΪǰδйģԴҲ֪οЩ
һЩļֵڡ
תͷһֻһȺȵϣǺա硢Ĺࡢ´̴˼ġ֣СС̴ӣһδ¶̫롣
һǿݡ
֧²۴û뵽һôǿݣƬ̣ŷӦϽԵüǻҡ
ĿһɨЦ˵Щڳ͢Ӱ첻ã֪ҿ
һӦ
Цô˵أ
һվ˭˵ϣѵôһЩԱʿ𻭵Ǳ
յ˼ǻеİվӦöֱô
ҡҿûô˵˸æϵ
ֱˣӣҲںСռñˣǲ
Цʲô˼
ҡҡ󺹣Ҳɵ֪⻰塣
ЦҡҡͷǳΣ֮ʱڻеĹ£ӦҲжţ֪ЩǱģʵһֻǷëǣʱɱȻҪڰĶࡣ͢ӰǻЩİգеİնڱ£ڳ͢ڹҶԣʵз֮ʹ񶼻ʹ
˵ҡͷһ̾ҶĸеǳʧǽԾµģص㶼Ҳ
˵Ǻˡ
һ˹Ȼ֪Щ͢Ӱ죬ΪҪЩóչѵƻҵİôЩ˽˷ˡ
ǶʿǵȻΡ
ΪΪЩӰ죬ҪԶԶڸӰġ
յ̫ʥ˵ʷΪ֪棻ΪʧЩһ澵ӣǽʹĽѵǽٷͬĴֵҿҪԶԶЩʥ飬Ϊʥֻǽôˣô£ΪʲôҪôֻ֮ʲôн͵ҲǺʥ˲ͣҲһ֪һ͸ǣΪʲô˵ҪУֽ
ʲôΪܹǴ;ʾȻҴӲΪЩɽˮͲֻǼֵЩɽˮ˵ʲôأĽǶ㸶٣͵õ٣ûͼڻЩʱͬҲΣգң;棬м޷ᵽģôЩļֵȻҲǲȥġ
ЩˣԼǵĳֻ֪ڼţϣָ㽭ɽȴ֪ʵԴʥ֮ͤȻãļֵԶЩ֮һΪЩĴڣܹǣˣҪصޣ˭ҲپһĴΣôӦñЩΪǵһΪĲƸ
縧ЦһԴգգ
Ҳ˷ܵ˵Ǻá
һǫЦλ롣
롣
һ֧²ۡӣЩȥ
ѽ⡭ⲻǡ
̴ͻȻָͣһŴ졣
˼ĵôأ
̴˼ģⲻ𣿡
˼Ŀȥֻһڵ·бۣϸһͷǰ
̴˷ܵĲˣָо̫ˣͼǺǵģȻ͵͵ȥˣҲһ
ͻȻչ̶壬ǵʱڸɶ
̴һ£ľƣ̵ˣʱҸ˼ڳ׷һǿ
˼ͷǼǼҲˡ
ʵǿץһȺǿ

̴˼ͬʱĬ
æվЦѵ£ܹһǿ
̴̷ӦǰѵΪЩǿȥô֪ⶼʵóڡ
ͷҲǵģ̶ԸЩСɱţ
ǵȻ
̴ߵ
ʵǵʱûץΪʱǵҪȥץȥ壬ǵֱײл÷ǳǼǳȥΪҪһȥץĻλսûûˣΣһٸȶ񰲾ֽǿȻͻ첻ȥлв˳Ϊ˹ծӵߡ
ף
ͻȻһסˡ
ƫͷһֻ˸߾ţЦݵ겻һ̷糱ôܱߵũݳǵǵǵĲݰȻԸ־ܣ֯ԼĲ˲һĻ
գ浣ǵҿǵԶԷǡ
̴æ²´ˡ
Ҳ´أѵܾ˾ʱҲڣǳܾ˾ʱϵأ
̴ҡҡͷֻȥݿ˿ʱݺΪǾ֪ǿҲҽݴҽᣬΣУҲǺһһӮˡ
ǵԾͲԷӮģ
պǺһЦ͵ôӵ˶˵𡣡
̴˶ʲôϵ
յǳ˶ˣȻǳ˶汻ѹȥѾǧٿףԻָصĹԱպõʱ͢ҵչݵİվѡҵӶչұñȳ˶֮ǰҪӸԣһЩǱߵũֻΪ˵һ㶫ȥɲƴģݰտЩǵǲԸٻصǰֵУʴǶԸ⸶ԼȻũռţߵĿĲһũܡ
һ߿ǻһߵͷѽЩ飬ǱũֻԵЩֺ
һһ𣬵Щ˶Χ۹ˡ
ͷ̾벻ͼǺӣͣ㾫տĻ಻
˻һΪ֮һͷǱˣ
үүͼĻܸүүȡ
һʮİ湫Ӽ
ͷһ÷Ҳˡ
÷ͷһֱүүĿУǴƵһңǲȡġ
ЦϵҲԷƱѽҿͼĻǸǧ
ܹĻǧǴĿ˵Щѽ
ǫһЦֹˣʵ޵ܵĻ˳ľ̬ͼе̬޵ܵĻҪľ֣㿴⻭еÿ˵̬ǲһģ˼˵ţֿźգЦӦöǵںС統ɡ
Цǰ͸˵һ㣬ⷽ棬ͼĻҪʤĻߵҲרҵ·ߣøǧۣΪҲͦʵġ
Цֱͷ
ӵͼܹͣӵ˾տĻܹ˼̬̫˼ˣ˵ţߵһǰȥ
ĹҲĬɢΪǶһЩȥˡ


1966 ·
Щͼô
վһǰԾȵʵ
յӦǵģΪ⻭еණɶ޷ġ
֮ͷͼССͣȻȥôطһݵԶ
ͷţɲһкܶΣգԭձͷǳȱðվֻҪظ֣ǾͲԸ뿪Լļ磬ʴǿǷǳѵõġ
յˣЩԶֵóչ
ͷ̾Щ൹Щڰ
պô
Цڲöѧֱԭûʲô¼ģ¼İ
ԣԵ˵ͷ
Ϊ񾭳ٻԼ߰˻оԼūƵã֮֮ȥֲǹڹҴ¡ͲԼĶѧֱЩſʼ̶һЩ̻ΪǷǳ׬Ǯģýżմȥ֤һھרŰ˻̻ɱȵ׬Ǯˡ
Щ׹ԭһַǳŵҸһܹǣ߸ʾġ
ɴҲԿľϵ͹ϵÿ˶Լϣ֪ʶӣ佫峯ĻΪʵۻʲôоǹҫ鹣ֵȥһӣūܹͣӿģū͵ְôɲôΪΪһ󳼣ʺǽ㻭ҸūƵãЩˣֻҲԣ⵼ΪһŵͼļգǶ飬ܳΪˡ
ֻЦЦҲûж˵ʲôϾļ£ǰȥҲûڹ룬ΪҲһڿǽšҲǺգһΪ̫ˣٶҪ˽ÿһĹ£Ҳһʱ¡
պĹࡢ´վһǰǷǰֻǷУ·żʬ壬һЩ̧żʬ壬һԱϣסǣһĵı顣λȥﵯҰɣ
Ĺࡢ´ͬʱһתͷա
΢ЦĿǡ
´ЦȻѾϵ±˵ΪλҪóչأ
ЦҲ˵᲻˱ʵһչѾҴ鷳ԶԶʤҴ棬ҲϵˣҲôû˻ôҪЩ֮£ΪҴһشʧ
Ĺ߷ڣҵȺհ
յ߷ڵ̸ϣֻһ硣
⵹ǵġĹЦŵͷΪ֮ǰʹഫͳֵΪ˾ķǳԣЩȷһЩ޼֮ҹ۴˻ʤ飬ȻڸʷУҲܿһЩѵԶһ̣ӦøлǴܶ޷Щһź
Ц˵ҲɣҲǴɷֵģȿҲôġ
ĹڰֵϷ벻ôõ
´ЩӦúúý䱣棬ȸκβƸҪһЩ
ЦǾ͵λˡ
´Īϣܹ˵£
ⲻҪҺеֱ̹ЩС֮ԡ
˼ǣ
ЦҸ¶ԼһλչʧˣҵܵӰ죬ҽ⳥ʮӮˣôЩҸͼͬӵУҾܹܺõıЩλۿǷǳҪġ
ĹøЦûмǴĻ¶ԼȴδţһҲ⡣
Ц

ڿʲô
֣ԣ˳ŴеĿ⿴ȥǷԱĻֵ˵ʱǷǳġ
ЦЦ
֣бĿУѵбĿ
еҿʱѾףվٰⳡչĿģʷΪô򵥰
֣üͷһ壬˼ΣΪ˺£ǻ£
ҡҡͷҲȴٶںģΪһƻֱ֮ϡֵ֪տ϶±˵ġ

ˣ
Ȼ䣬Զ
ϣ͵ˣ
ʱûǿ찡

ҷ·оһʱׯͻȻ˽λյĻչ˽лλǰ
ʲôͽأ
Ҳſ˲ʮ
ƭǮ

ҵʱԹǿǻǮƱģǰ԰Ʊһգֻа죬Ʊô
ׯλϢŭǾûƭλƱѾдʱ⣬ȵǰӭ棬Ҳдʱ
ôܣôûп
ҷ׷ͳƱһȻʱ˵ʱţʱ
ֻ֮ǰǱģ²۵ģһʱԣû˹עʲôʱ
С磬Ҳ߯⣬ʱ䣬׬һǮ
̽ڿڳҲڳĺա
һ´ҶӦ׷׳źձԹΪʲôֻŪ죬ûа취һȥ͡
ⲻ·ôȥ¥ôϷѵûӦȡ֣ԴҵıԹʼ¶΢Цλ԰꣬Ƿ¥Ҳǵһؾٰ컭չ鲻㣬ҲǶϲչʱϣǿһ죬һʱˣǿɾﻢ£ϾôæµҪܶǮģ̣Ǳô
ԼٿȥҲԸ⿴
ǿɲС
ǷǳϵľܾеƱԼǱҪԼڷ¥кܴ˺λģջŵģչֳͼĻһЩʷԵ壬Ƿǳģ֤ﳬֵңտʼǽῪһգſھѾʼƱ
ֵƱ׼ˣԾ֪һɹģⶼǺǵѽ
ЦҲһˣҪʧܵ׼ҲҪóɹ׼ҽƱ׼ãҲǺġ
ƿԡ
ׯλ롣
һ£ҲòߣʱҲֶĴЩһɨ
̴յǰգûǳΣĻ
յͷȻС
̴ǻûң
ֲŮĻעç򰡣յûϸ̫
̴üţһתٺٵܷǻ͸ңǻÿɾҰ
㻹湻޳ܵİЦ֪޼֮ĺô
̴εĵ˺һۣһִ˼ĵļϣ˼ģƱ
˼Ƶˣ֪ˡ
ҲգʵҲδͼĻǰûйģһɣͻ輼棬ң໭ǾʷģĪȥŶƱʧݰ
ЦλҲûп͸ǵƱǵƱɶƱҲ˵һѽۿġ
Щˣ￴Ǿǻ棬˵Ʊסﶼа
ô
óԼƱһȷһС֣дһѡ
̴ԼƱȻƱʱһŭ˼ģֵûˡտû˼õƱ
˼ĶԴ··ȫȻ֪źʵգǻӡˢƱ
յͷ԰㲻֪ô
˼ͷ̴ˣˣһƱ
һţ
̴壬ȻĬĬ§˼һȥ
쵰ƺûȥ񰲾ֺȾˣﰵţȻ뻹վһǰü񣬲˹ȥС¡
һͷźգ۰Ͱ͵գһܹ࿴һôһ˿ǲףǳϧʱ䣬Ŷûôս
ЦȻԣ뿴öСҲϲЩ
š˵úܶԣЩЩҪ˼̡ͷ͸һ˿ˣ֪ԭ£Ƕô׵һ£Ҳ֪ҽܷȵϸ֮һ
˵棬Ե÷ǳûš
ĵطǳլʺĿǰͻе飬Щѹǳ
Цô룬һΪһ˶ĺûʵۡ
ĹǶǳοĵͷ
ʵǶ֧ģȻĻͲŹ
ңƾһ仰Ϳֳ⻭ļֵѽ


1967 ʧ
ҡ
˵˵ЩΪۿģ˵ͼǺӶԣѾǷǳģҪԶԶʤͬˣôҲȲĻҿΪհ⣬ǻô˵ġߣΪӭϺգȻ˵˺޳ܵĻΪ˰
ģЩȷʵĶǳãÿ̵̺壬Ϊ֮ԣʱҿɶôΪġ
̵壿ʲô壿
ջչչһЩþǰǳΣ
Ȼᣬ˵ǳΣ
ѽ
廭ʲôΪ˵˵
ǣڼӡǳ̣һǰŹԱ
˵ÿģ

⻭չǷ񻹻ٰ죿
ģģƱˡ

ɾһƱ
Ҫ£ЩƱó


նԣֱǼ尾ŶҳΪѾܹóЩ˳Цҵ
ѾףԼΪʲôҪնһ֣񲻹ܽΣ޷ÿ֡
ǰȥ̽Ϣ
ʱڴõȴϢȻһ˼ææ˽æʵǲϢأ
˵ү򡭡
㶣ֹôأѵΪչ£ֵ롣
һֻ˽๰ֵλ֡
һߣɫصడǿ֪ΪκִҪٰⳡչˡ
һּɫأһֲԤȻִ˻
ߵҿǱոˡ
һ𾪵ĿЩߡ



ϲ
¼ջˣæӭǰȥЦ
ϰߵһסϸԸе֫Цϲô
µʱ򣬹ڻչ£Ѿ÷з˵ٰķǳɹѵ⻹ֵùϲô
Ц˿ʧ֪Ǹˣ¿ɲܸ˵̫硣
£˻
յհɣǱ߾Ӧûܵ൯ҵ¡
¾ȵĿźա
պǺǵ뵣ġ
ͻȻչһЦֻǵĻҲŲˡ
㶼ģƵΪΣ
ЦΪҲţ£˭ܴʤҷЩǼǳԲǴµôͻףҷ
ջֲ̿ϣˣС㣬ĪҪˡ
˵꣬޶˹Ц


һĶˣǵȵչĵڶգÿɶһЩĸߵʿվ԰ǰȺſţ˿ܶˣˣ໥Ķǳ١
ڲԶͣһˣĹࡢ´
Ȼ˰
Ĺ࿴Щʿͷ
´̾˿Щڸģֻ֪ǰһ棬ȴ룬Щ곯ܵ˺ľǣҿǾͻЩ
Ǿͱȥˡ
ĹҡҡͷҲΪ顣߰ɣ»
ߺ󲻾ã԰ĴűЩƺЩ˸һЩȲһѷľӿ˽ȥ
ûйãͼһЩ˼ҴҵĴ԰˳ϵ뿪԰
ȴ֪԰ԵһС¥棬עǣͺա
̾Ϸ治ףΪҪѰգ
ղʵ˾գÿսʱѵͲ֪ս֮գһСģܾͻˡ
£ûΪϷ᲻֪ô
ʵǲ֪˾ΪҪȥսأ
ϷǾˣҪ̰ĻϷҲͲ֣Ϸְڡ
յͬԣΪ󳼣ų͢ٺ»ҲҸ£ֻʽһ
úǲˬϷҪôΪҿҪôΪ˱֪ôʲôĿأ֮⣬⻭չܸϷµЩȣֱЦ
յҸӰոҸ˾Ϊأ
֮֡ҡҡͷֵϷǣƾ⼸
յͷ


ǵ
£ǰһֱףΪҪִΪͼһĺٰ컭չһıɹҲͼ棬޹ϵֱճȥ֮󣬲ˣԭ˾ǰŻİ
ģ
һƵĿǰ漸λѧʿʵʲôģ
һѧʿ֪ЩչչĻٶǹǰǳΣģ໭öǹڹԱѹȰգԼŹԱ
һ˵ȻͼÿܶһЩʵ飬ЩչðնڹԱõӡùԱ£ɲڳ͢ͳΡ
ëȻǣôķǳɡΪǳΣı䷨ŰȻȹģǳΣѾȥô꣬ұѾˣȴֽЩҶǳΣļ䣬޷ǾϣҼסǴƣͬʱնڻʺɺ͵ִһʯ֮ư
գüĿɨʵµ棿
ʵճѾţǳǲţصǰȥŸ»㱨
εͷˣ֪°ɡ
ˡ
Щ̵֮˰
ŵʤ˽
ε빬

ŵʤ׼ʱͻȻ£ûмǴĻ̫Ҳȥǻչ
ŵʤͷǵģǱ׼
˼Ƭ̣ȱ빬ȥ̫ӹ
С
ʱ֮ǵ
μʡ

лʡ
֮αȥչ֮ôҲû˵˵Ȥζʶ⻭չҲĽ
æʣصʱѾǰ˲ŸϢ
Цŵͷ븸˵˵⻭չΣ
ʣǴǳ˵ʤ飬ʵҲȥģֻ¸㲻Ӧ
Ŷһ벻⻭չ˵棬ܹ̫Ӹظߵۡ
յĻչչһЩǹǰǳΣģ¼Σ󣬽һյľӻУвٰպʬͷԱȴԴвٹԱǿ컯֮ǿŮһЩԱ۱ŭİŹ򡣡
˵˵̾˿пһЩ鳼գѹȰգԴ˸еߣʦҲҪԴΪ䣬ǵۼЩ֪ԭʵмصĻҪҵö࣬Ƕ޷ģʷЩϸڵļأʵǷǳٵġףԭټĹңǶôĲףҲΪʲôʥҪپʩ£еΪ˵ˮֱۣܸۡ񣬶еЩҲ֪Ƿܹ縺ҴƵĽɽ𢡣
˵棬ۿԵЩʪ
ȴοЦ̫ܹ룬һܹΪһ˶
ʶʣʱաҲ˵ġ
ô
ʵ
ͷʵҲǺվٰλչĿڡ
ЦҲ˵רΪ̫Ӿٰһλչ

ҡͷղΪٰġڶ뺫ոȥ԰ʱв˶һЩ᲻͢Ӱ죬ǶΪйԱǼթǱ󣬻Ӱ쵽Աͳ͢
εͷ̫Ϊأ
յʱ˵úܺãЩȷ͢Ӱ죬ЩǱ̰Щͷİգջ˵ЩİղǸʵз֮ʹԴҲǷǳͬΪЩտɶǸʵ񣬶ʱ룬ҪǸʿЩһܵġ
˺ϣЩôһΣЩһ澵ӣҪصޡЩ̰Ӧд˱Ӧ͢ӦΪܣΪӦóйԱȥЩΪ䣬ǸЩ̰һ㣬ѹȰգƵðջȥҲ续ЩԱһ
ʵʱû˷ô
㶹£ҡͷûУ˶еҶۻҲûЩ¡
εҲûἰô
Ϊʲôἰգ׸Ϊôʣ
ûʲô޲һʰˡЦЦ̫˵ôãҲȥֻǸʡ
еʣۼûȬô
̾˿ëˣʱʱģҪȬǷǳѵð
ȵ뿪֮˼ΣͻȻŵʤȥ빬


1968 Ϊ
ҹ֮󣬺շǵʥ
΢μ¡
ɡ
ϵָ¡
л¡
еһȻ
бĿۺգƻ˼һ£ʵգ֪޽Ϊεټ㡣
ճƬ̣Դʥ⣬ǡǳ볼֪ġ
Ŷһʵ㵹˵˵Ϊټ㣿
յӦչһµ˳
ЦЦʵֿ֪ε㣿
յͷ²ڵٰһλչʵǰֻģ˵ôҼסǳΣı䷨ͦȥģֱ˵˾Իʺ󣬴žİɡ
úǺЦʵȻ֪˻˵㣬Ϊ㻹Ҫô˵Цһֵ֪Ϊ˵ûдΪҲ벻֮⣬ٰⳡչʲôĿĿԣͼϣ޹ϸΪҲȱǼǮ
ڨڨһЦ˵ԭ򣬱»Цġ
𣿡ε㵹˵˵
Ϊһ
ƺûúʵΪʲô
˵쳣档
˰ΣͻȻЦ
տЦ֪һЦġ
һЦһ֣߰Խ֣Խ̲סЦ˺ðΣͣ޿ɲЦ㣬ֻǡǺǣ˵ȷʵ˷ЦҲ֪ΪΡ
֪ΪΣǳЦûĻôǵġȴһ£һֱɶжӣĵһǻôǶԺҲǳŪôѵǣ»һ
㶣ô˵Ҳ˰
ֵ֮ϲҪΪСʱûʲôᣬҲֻʱ򣬴һЩʡʫʡȥѧϰǳĴҲóףͨ׶ģǿԵõܺõĽܹ˵ġ
⻰һת̽ԭЦգ
ԵͷʵҲϲҲģ۵Ƿǳͬġ
ֽ˵ͼĻǰһΪ¼ʷڳĻǾõġʷļֵ£κݴͼʱĻʱΪЩҴƵ޼֮ΨһٵһΣһҪóͣЩû
Ȼڼ䳼ǹеһЩܵǳΪʱ𰸵ģΪ̫˻Ϊ⻭չἰĹͣҲôἰʺΪǿԸȾңڣǷ˼˼ģȥ˭ģֻĳһ˵ģǾͲΡ
ЦЦⲻܰɡ
յʱ£´ʷ鿴һЩ鳼ȨΪʱǷ˼Ķ࣬ǻһζȥǣһζ뵽֮ǰЩҳ
˼˻
յʵǿ˷µĴ󣬻˵ʹĽѵǷ˼ڴƶȹΣ֮ʱҲȥ׷ʲôΪѾȥˡǳΪûеˣܹǳΣ£Ҵ˺Ψеʹ࣬ŲٷͬĴ󣬷˼òŻṻףܹķʽЩʲô壬ĽԣЩҴƶԣԶԶڱסЩĹԱʵѾ˵һ㡣
ʵ⻰ִӺ˵𣿡
յΪҪʵǳųģǵԼǺ̻˰գǽͬʱ򣬰ҲôǣɼѾ֪Լܻ᷸ͬĴҲ˵ǲûдǳΣе̵ķ˼ǣڱ¶ԣһǱڵвڴƶԣҲһǱڵвʵҲǳΪʲôҪִٰ컭չԭ֮һ
ʵʲôв
ʵ£ʱûֹǳΣΪܹô
ε޵Ľɽô⡣
յͷˣǱµĽɽκƻɽʵǶڱ·ǳġǳΣɲΪʺߵµģΪĹԱŪ٣ϣŪǷǣŵǳΣı
Σ֮ЩԱΪԱһȽϢЩʱ֪ҲͲӵ֮죬ԳܵʧȻΣ֮ЩԱǿЯӣ¿Ӳ˵ģܵ˺ҲǱ£ǹңǰաȻΣѾȥʵǴڵģҲЩġ
Ŷһʲô
ڸǡ
յʵǳΣ֮ǰѾ˺ܶףֻ帮Ǹڸһñֵֵ֪زⶼΪ󳼺±ͷϵֱ࣬סΪֹʱѾΪʱЩʵģȴⲻó䶯뵱ʱ帮һģⲻһһΣͷǵһӦĻǷǳµģصޡ
ϣЩߴң͢ǿԷǳֱʧܺʹ󣬳һУⲢŻʧȥһУǡǡģھôΣҴأǰȻϣұΣ֮ǰǿʱտЩԳ͢ʧȥģġΨЩųˣŻԴ˸е£ǵĺ£ǵͼֻẦ˺һ۱µģǺ洦ġ
գ˼ãͻȻͷпֻ֮ԽԽ㣬ʧܺͳϴ󣬲ҸֻԽԽǿν֪ܶ£ʵҲѾǰǳΣûжҡնԳ͢ʧȥģǸγ֮͢ǲ밡
˵ǺһЦʵҲһֱûлɹ㣬£޻治Ҷ¾ƫƫǳΣ㣬̫ˡΪػģŵȵգ޵ί㣬ҷΪʱʱɱҪõöడֻ޵ʱҲǳ棬ΪʲôҪٰⳡչŶǰ޻̫ǰѯʹʱΪôҲΪˣ޸뷨
æ̫ӵլʺڻչϵһϯڳĴ󳼶еǳο˱¡
ιһЦ޵У̫ӵȷ޵ġҷģ޻ϳЩĴ󳼣ǵ˽ģܲס
ռæ²Ҫͷǡ
һ㶣ΪΣǵ㣬ֻάԼȨٻ˼
΢סյôĻʵ΢
κ˻
յ帮ô󣬲ûֻ֪û˸ȥ帮帮Խţŷ˴ĴΪ󳼣µʵҲǷ֮£Ƕ⣬ģ˲ųͷǣܾû˸ҵǳܾͻ帮һÿԴ󣬶ҳѾ͸ӿ£ҲǳΪʲôһֱ뵱
˰ΣȻ𣬺ջĴδ˵ĸȥƽϣĴ󳼿ɲҲδ˵ȥԷⲻװģΪɲǵһյ٣Ҳǵһر˵Ǿ˵Ҫǳ޼ɡ帮ЩˣǾƲװݵģȻǰں帮ֻԸʹȻǴ̣ͻȻһЦҪ˵Ϊ֮޿Ҳû˭㺫ջҪĦ͸˵˶٣ֵҪؽֻҲܹʤù㡣
պǺǵ¹ˡ
εΪ޸δأ
յΪΡ
һ㶣漴ЦһΪΡ˶٣ֵʵҲȥǻչ
æǱ΢Ļ΢ԽһЩ΢ΪʷĻ
ε۾ϹˣֻʱʱҲܾÿֻܽ͵ʱμ͡
ЦŵͷǾ԰ɡ
л½⡣


1969 ˼
ʵЩԱΪʲôգҪΪάԱȨҪգҲΪ⣬Ϊȷʵһ⡣
˵ΪǿǳΣķ˼ǾǳΣҸȼչжڳ͢иӰģҲǼھΣĻ⻭;ԣȫε棬ΪοǳΣıͲΪĹʧһģܲ޿ɱܡҪǣġ
ȻǳΣЩŪҲܹܵÿԱȨףҲΪøԱһЩѹǳ׷˼ΪַʽҲȽºͣǷǳʣƿ֮У˵߸ͳΣǲܵġ
ô˵ҲǼѣΪƵ۹ľȻеģϾƵ۹ľ;ǵǿģ¶Ƿǳŵġ
صУϴ˸裬ȻԪĵ类档ڹŴһãϵַǳ٣гʱ䣬ȥ޸飬һһֻɳϣûһ㽻


΢΢ֲԪĵڶǰļƷ˿¹Žߵӣ롢ʵ˫糺գ߸ߵıǼĺ飬ؼһжһ͸ϣַΪԸеģʹ鲻ԽǺձ촽£ˣԽԽԡ
ԪĵһЦںյĲ䣬ת£ȴԽҿˡ
һ㶣Ц˵ÿǻչһ£
ԪĵͻȻ̧ͷ˫ںؿڣԸе°͵ֱϣźգͷ֪ᱻΪλҪٰ컭չ治֪⻭չܹЩ鷳֮⣬ʲôҪ壿
˫ḧ˿⻬񱳣ЦɻǵǳΣУ˵Ĵ
Ԫĵüһ壬µһЩʲôȴ˸𾪵Ĺâ
һ̾һΣѾǣʹӵҲƣԱһ仰ȫᣬҪκɣԽκεɷֻ£ʵٷٵҵҲǷǳǳģΪֻɱĲԣ£Բϣġ
Ҫıһ㣬ƾǺõģΪ߾ǹԱƶģ֧˵ģʼջڹԱеġҪµ˼룬һбھ˼˼룬Ҵڷű仯߸һЩͳû˼֧֣Ҳֻһƣһ仰ܹصǰһ仰ܹʮŬḶ˼Ǳ䷨Ļ
һҲ޼£Ψ˼ܹȾˣΨ˶ӵ˼룬ܹԸı䣬ͼЩܹǴ˼룬ɣܹȾˣʤһߵ֧֡
ԪĵһĨȣ·û뵽ջ˵Щʵ¶Ĳ¼ô
ЦҲѡ׵ķʽǷǳֱ׵˵ȥȾңһǳĹ̡ң˵ʵԼ֪ЩܹҴɣ˼־ʲôʲôᷢǱ֪أûг֮ǰû˭ϵõһ㲻õģɲçʼնάµȨ棬ÿ£ȿǵĶǱµȨ棬ǲ׵ĶҲ¼ɵġ
һϢǷǳģʵҲֻкеĵΪ֪ݱḶ́ûõղ˵Ԫĵǿ϶벻ⷽģǺǾ׽Щ˵ġ
Ԫĵü˼ΣͻȻʵǰɲ˵Щġ
ǰҲʣǺͨǴ̫ȭؾᣬ̹ϣ˵ô͸
ĶͷЦ֮ǰ֮Բô˵ΪҲ㣬ΪǰһֱΪⷽ飬֪Խ෴ӵǣȴϣܹÿ֡͸һרԼ£Щķ¶ȥΪҴЩ£еķСģҷ֪Խ٣ԽģһֱԣԺһĸ࣬ϾҵĿģϣܹɡ֡
ԪĵһĨжᣬΪ֤ʱʱ̶̿ĸܣҧ촽ʵΪǲҲӦøһЩ¶Ųʡ
ЦȻҪҰҲ㣬ⰮȻһģԴڲͬԸʺԼǣҪȥıʲôϣıĻҾͲô˵ˣһǾ仰Ψһ񣬾ǻɡ֣ûʲôҪ
ԪĵĶҪڻˣֻ뺫֮İûΪʱ䵭øŨң΢΢¶һĨĵЦݣеʱһ䴺ˮ
ԪĵϳĵʱҲ̲סˣý°볡


󳼵գԼټգǶϲĽϾһ˿ɲ֪ЩչС
ڵڶգ԰棬ͻȻƱƣ湺룬ƱҲһǮֱӽʮǮ
һǳشźš
»վߡ
Ĺȥ԰·ϣЦǺǵ˵
´һЩӰ죬һŻܹҴƣҿû⻭չһ
Ĺͷʥԣ̹С˳ݣˣҲӦˣЩĻԣȻҲʵҲڣΪֻĲɺͿֻţ̹չֳܹİ
⻹ܹЩ󳼣ҪԽ֮ġ
´Ǻǵϧ˶롣
˵䣬԰
໥Ĺ԰ǰŶӹƱ˵һɫˣһɫˣʿУЦչˣԽԽˡ
ЦֻҪǺõĶȻǰۿġ
Ǽһвӭ˹
ڴˣٺòˣֶͼֶĻмӣ˵ʤīʵ֪࣬µ棿
£Ƕ̫ţΪ˵׻Ҫǹάա
ͷȷ¡
ôܣҿͼֶĻԶĻ
͵ܹˣͻ滭ԣ̬ͼȷʵҪʤңҵĻҪľ֣ĻҲҪ˵ͼһµɡ
Ƿǳߵ͡
ؼǳ֮ڣ֪
Ĺͺ´ʵ벻λֽˣ޵֪λǰղѾô
ǣǰյĻչֻ˰գҵδһһͣδýпգǾ
ô벻ͼֶĻﵽ˾磬öλæ֮УҲҪǰһۡ
´ЦͼֶĻͬһ飬ǳͬһƣζԽԽ԰
ֻӲ˼飬οŹƱϣܹ㽫Ʊˣһ۱Ƴ籸Ļ
ǲҪƱֱ԰԰ʱѾɽ˺вվڲݵؽ̸ţһɫˣ·⻭չΪ˵ʢ磬ǿܹ໥һչģҲǰҪһҲǼ֣Ϊ϶вµû
ͷǳͷҪĶడ⡪ô
Ȼģ㿴ǽںߵͷ
ǿһҴδ˴Ļжٷѽ
֪˼зһרŹ˵Ļ֪ǲֻ
⼸һֱ˵͢չˣû뵽Ѿ˹ģ

ϵôǿ԰һ޼ʣԪڹĹ԰Ҳ˰
ϸĽܣԪڹݵĹ԰
˵Ǳ߶ǻ֮ôôҿһҲǻ֮أ⻭еľɫûǼٵġ
ãСּŵĹͷǳôҪû԰СҲὫͷǱߡ
̫˼ˣ续оɫһҲȥǱ߿

ʵǳΣûֻͼеĺһСֶѣǺܶ࣬Ϊͼֻǻû˵ЩʲôһЩӰ̵£̻ȽЩóΪһӾҵĿ⣬ǽգһЩڴƸط黭˳˸˵Ŀ⣬ҵ۽·һչҲϣȥеĵط
˼룬ҲǺҪãΪҵҪðվҪ߳ȥǻϰڰǨôܣôҲչġ
һչȫϺյ棬Ȼ֪⻭չ֪һģϧһдۣҲҪٰһλչ


1970 ΰ
Ժյĵûչܵ˿Ӱ죬ң񿴻չƺѾΪ˳ܵ˵ϲ
ЩյĴﵱȻκ˶Ҫô£Ϊ֪ټ˺գȻûȷ̬ǿּҲ֪ʲô˿ʼеЩ£ƺҲǵһ㣬ʴŵʤ͸Щˣǣֻһѣղʲô£ʲôˣΪǳΣĻҲôǲҪС
ǰģҲûйǡ
ʵҲǣΪϣһֱзԺյڣ˲ܹƽ⣬Ҫվһߣ˯ˡ
лǣһˣ˾Ҫ֪ǳΣʼٸߣ᲻ӰأһֱԴ±ֳĬ·Լ޹ء
ٹ˸
Ůѽô£㲻˵ѾͺôΪʲô
ֹһǵĿ
ЦŮ֪˶еĵģŪûȥŮʸףʴ˽ղŸҷģղԲŮ¡
˵׼
ҡҡͷ⳯þ̶Ѩвɵٲ֮أûʲôŵùģңԷǺգôܹġ
뿴ҪŮǰͲŮʲô̫ԭƻʱǿƲס֣Ůɾĵٲ֮أǿܣҲȥﺫգʱ֣Ůٳ֣ŮѾɲʲô˺˾پǳŮġ
ϵͷ˵Ҳе˵̾˿Ů㻹ǵ취һЩԼһˣܱûȫֵεˣǺΣյѽ
ЦŮ濼ǵġ

ҡ
⡭ôܣ˵
Ŀͣš
ǰĹܼҵģÿȥ԰չˣѾǧˡ˵¶԰軭ȥۿ
ݡ£
𾪵Ŀǹܼҡ
ǹֱܼͷÿ˶ڴӵĻ޲ڣүǲţȥߣĴСﶼ۹ӵĻ
˵˵
һãȻǰյвٴ󳼽ҪգǶ꣬˺뺫յԼȫջջǾ飬ǳìܣ֪ô
û뵽Źȥգ⻭չңǰȥۿڳǱߣ·ʯ󺣣һϢûУЩͷԡ
˼ʱǹܼҵӡ
̧Ŀһֻվǰɫǳ㲣һɲǣ۾ˣǶڶӵΣտǽͼùǺڵλǰһա

ҹĸһǺ§һλһߣλڶ棬ǽȴǺնһߣ¡Ԫĵѩڶ棬յԸһıһеġ
ԽԽˡ
մӻͳһƱȡ
һʶǶƱô
յͷȻͨƱҶûмֵģȫƱ
ˣϷԪĵŴֵ
ңҿġ
ﲻġһӣָźյǲ
պߵ

½Ǽȷ
ۡ˰
Ҿӣ㵽׸
ûƵôҲŪЩʲô˼ƣȺ˼ƣһ㣬һͿҰǵݡ
ԪĵǶЧķʽ
ղĵôҲøһ㲻һô
Ϊ㡣

մ˸վǼŻչƱôķôࡣ
˵䣬ǿв䵽ºԪĵм£һƱݸǣȻӵұЦһһٰʮţӦùǷ˰ɡ
һֶ⻹ࡣȻ̵ĸԪĵǹϷһٶŻչƱ
ûа취չ̫ˣͨƱÿ춼ȥƱģ̫鷳̫ǮˣҪ֪ҡԪҡҿɶǴ壬ȥ˿϶ٰ컭չľǼҵŮҪŪЩƱôԵԼ޳ȥŮ
λм䣬Ҳǿޱȣڼͥ棬һǳˣ޵һЦݣܹǳġ
ͻȻֵ㲻ܺ˱ˣŮˡ
ˬţˬŮרôû⣬ҪٳͿٳ
¿һЦջ˲䣬ǵúһԣѰ˼ţ»صŪһЩʵĶ˵ܴͬˣ
ԪĵЦҡҡͷ

ڼҼ尾˺Щӵ࣬ڹ߳լţ԰
Ҫ֪ʼգҸӶû¶棬Ե԰ǰµ̾вΧ˹
ϲϲ˼Ѷ̫ҵĽˡ
֣̫ƽʥǳϣҪٵһλʥ̫ƽˡ
Ȯӿܲ𰡣
ˣ֣ôЩӶûм㣿

֣֪ǰЩӣвͼĶӣѵô
⻰˵ζӳ£һʵȮӵĻôô
㿴ٻǮɵĻѵ⻹˵һô
Բ飬ɵĻ˵ǿһµɡէһ濴ʲôȴԽԽԣǻһ۵飬ǳˣĻҽҲô͸˵ҿ֮δ˯ţ
ܱ߼ҲǷ׷׵ͷͼĻ޲ڡ
ȻɵһǴ±Ƶ״̬Ҳ벻ףΪʲôͻݱѵԼĲ
չôˣվһǰСţлвˣһȥˣ֪Щ˿ɶĸ̫ܻỨǮһĻչƲǺģⷴԻˡ
һвϲַ׷ѯʣΪʲôͼû񿴹չˣеϣͼ̫Ҫѯͼ
Ķ飬ѾͼûУƽʱŶˣǲ̫ףΪʲôһͼĻǿһЩġ
ûйã׹ֺѽΪʲôһֱͼһҪԭ򣬾ͲţͼôᣬǰҲûʲôõóֵƷܻʲôֱӾٰ컭չ޷ͬģ̬ȥĻôܿʲô
ͼĻǼ¼ʷʱ䡢صҪϸȥŻԽԽζ

С硣
һɧ
ƫͷһֻ˹ʱͺˡ
һܱ߳ߵ˹֣һߵǰЦˣصع
ε˵ˡ
ڹҰտЦһֵΪϽͼĻóչʹҪһʶ
æǧô˵̣ҲͼΪ˸
ЦҲҲҲΪ˱ͼܹġ
ʵһֱһ⣬ѯ
յʣΪҵ˿ͼĻϧΪٰ컭չ
ͷ
ܱ˶һĿźգΪȷҪǳ
ЦΪ⡣
⣿
һĿźա
յͷͼǳȥģǾԲһξʵĻչΪֻȥһ꣬ʮ꣬ܵôܹ࣬޷ˣȥɼȰɲʲô˶ܹġΪڻĿȣԼǳĿģһʵĻ
ҲΪʲôҪ԰ٰһλչΪ԰źΪ룬ͼʮһֱΪԼһݴȥŬôֵͽ޾ʱЩΰʥˣǵʱ붼ǷǳģǶϣܹøáЩˣרųȥдһЩʲôȥһЩʲôⷴɹǲܵõҵͣΪЩ¶ԵģֻܵõһС˵͡ȻֻҸ˵һЩ⣬λǧЦ
˵úܶѽһϯвһأ뷢԰׵鲻Խ
ݺᣬΪһˣеʧܣΪһףͬҲеǳʧܣķڷչֵˣ


1971 ⸣
԰
£ոʮ
ŵʤָȵϹŵļ
š
εͷۣȴδſǵ£ô
ŵʤ£ǳΣĻʵҲôкܶܶĻȻһֱǳΣҲǺܶ࣬Ϊ⻭չĻǷǳġ˵ţָһ˵ݹ԰ͼɾ˲ۡ
ô
ǰսһȵǹݣ
ŵʤͷ£ҲһʵǱǳʿǻ֮أȴԭݵķ羰˵
Ҳû뵽εͷͻȻָŻУվΧ֮ڽ̸ļ˵ڸʲô
ŵʤָһ˵һ·ˣ·԰ʱ͵͵ժӽʣ⼸˾ǿܹ԰ˡ
ЦǺǵǱץˡ
ŵʤǺЦô£Ҳ˵ץΪ⿴ܹ԰ˣûгͷˣ˲ٹӸˡϸǲŹӵݸˡ
ǰ
ЦȤ
ŵʤС˵ԭǱ߹̫ˣͳԲ꣬ǺСּȥˣװͷ棬Ȼȫأǰ˹ݹũĴæ
СּŵĹͷȷʵó԰ˣﻹʣô
еãеãСּÿ궼׸һӦùˡ
Եͷߵһǰһͷ
ŵʤæݺߵͷ
ѽ͢һֱڹˡһߵͷһ߿ţϲͷǴ󰡣
ŵʤ˵ݵĻֱߺ·ݣ͵ϸأԪݵʳҲߺ·ݣȻ˵е˵ݵĲֿѾǴġ
ЦЦҲ˵ˣľƶ붼ԪݣðһԭͲҪ̫ʳȥƣƿһѽʷ೯ֹƣŽֹŪһ㣬ԸⲻҪǴư
˵ţߵǷǰĿһ߰׷һŹٸĹԱ˵ľɡ
ŵʤͷ⻭еĹԱɽɣصй𡣡
һҼˣ帮ĵ𣬺ذոˡ
ŵʤͷС˵ɽɣؿ޶ʱͨ͢˽ôȴףץˣʵΪ˽ղصĵȸǮտòôǮյǮƣǿŮŭڼǰ
üǷŭ飬ʮѹ޵ģͺñԼĹܼҺΪŪԼҵ˭̫ͨӦýǧвǣӦóÿ󳼶ȥ֪ˮۣܸ۵ĵûйǳΣĻ
ŵʤһ˵±ӣСȰ˵£Ϊ
£ǺǵСӱ㶼ҪܵһЩ
ŵʤεЦЦ
Ǻ仰Ǹ˲
ָ̾˵öѽ⻭ȷʵ̷ܹ˼⳯͢вͿǧܵ˺ѹֺеѹᣬͽ⻭ͻ԰úչЩˣ˵͢Ҫ֪˼ɳ͢ǾͲӦôŪˣ͢ﻹԣ˰


԰
Ըˣ
տվ֣бϵͼǺЦ
ͼһĽǷϵָֻǸ¹ʿӵܡ
ͼһҾصͼ֪ôһƬ⣬ܹ

һҵлΪҾٰⳡչΪ㣬ԼϲңҾЩ̵Ľ壬ڹҵķչΪ㣬ҾͲٰ컭չ˶ԣʵкġ
ͼ£ɻĿźա
յҪһУǿųģ̫⻭չΪ˴ͽʧȥһУԼҲΪʲôʿ׼Ϊʿ嶼ɽ棬ûȨͲƸʲôķǳ⣬ֻϧδܶóҿûвеļֵ
֣ЦѵúСܹΪʿ˵һû
պǺǵǾ¡
ͼЦлָ㣬ͼġ
ʱһ˹ںն˼䣬յͷ֪ˡ
ڵ磬԰ͻȻջչͣһգ˵Ҫһ»չôҵһЩʵΪ˴ջ롢չ
ֻһգȴδһֱûԼҲȻᵣŷգøĸŪһר

ա
Ҳȥæ̫Ӻº
ָǰ˷ܵͣ˵
ū
̿첽ǰ
û뵽⻭չٰ˳ɹ
ͻȻбĿһԵĺա
ΪչˣȻǰͬЦʧܵĻҾͲٰ⻭չ
ҿ˵ڼһЩ⣬вٴ˵㡣Ц
պǺǵԶȱŪǷǵˣ㲻ʲô⣬壬Ҳֵǡ
΢΢һΪø˵һлл
յѵʺа˵˻ûбҪ
ҿɲɵ¡ҡҡͷֵ˵ǣ֮ԶôģҪΪ㲻޼ɡ帮ǣᵳӪ˽ڳнǿڳеĹ඼磬µȻǷǳġ㲻ҪԼΪңֻһҶ֪ˡ
ЦҲҪ˵ллĻǻʺǷҲ֪лл
»ҶǳΣļ䣬ôʹҡЦ
ԭʺ˵ѽЦ
ͷֻŪ«ʲôҩ
ҡͷЦ»ʺûйϵҴΪȻҲǹʺ᲻ܵӰ졣
㿼ǵĽǶûκӰ죬ĸ׶Դ˸еЩģĸѸߣɲܵʲô̼㲻˵һӰ춼ûС
£ҵûпǵǸǸܵ˵ΪڻʺӰ죬Ǹġ
ЦԸꡣ
յƣ⸣Уӻڻʺȷʵвһ棬ǽϻʺΪȴǴһҵѧһԸĹµˣܹõ˵ľΡΪܶͳߣԸȥϡеԼµĹΪǷǳѵģҪܴ
֮˭ôˣжȡúܺõЧôһܴҾ壬ΪҲһֵµ֡ڵϴڸĹҪʤˡʺڰУһ˻ҪǿŮˣڻʺĪİҽʺҪͼڸǳΣҪһֻĹ£ڳе͸ı̬ȥǳΣʺҪʤΣ֮ǰʵһѾܺõ˵һ㡣
ΣͻȻһЦԶڴΣѰת
ЦʺҲôģĳͳɳǲѧΣѰһᣬǿܶգҲΪʲô飬ܹ뵽һȥΪǶϰھ˼⡣
һҲ㰡
ʲô


ЦЦѾǣǳΣʼٸߣңһܺߡ
˵棬ǳԹ
ЦͬʱҲߡ
ҿɲͬҲ¡ͻȻΪҵһ£Ҫ
յʲô£
Ҫ


1972 Ϸ
⳱Ļ˭˵ҪʵǺģ˴Ҳ⻰ӵʺ˵ɾֵѰζˡ
һ㶣Ц֪ʺϣܹʲô
һС
գգۣһС
ǣеһСʲôƷɱЩͨƷŪңҪһܹѸٻ۲ƸƷ
ЦǺǵǻʺֻܹ˵ֱ׳û⡣
ֵﷸˣźգǲϵһҪأ
ЦϵһֱϣʺҪ֤ʺԽԽϤϷˡ
Ϊβȸҡ
յҸĻֻҵӣŶӣԼŻʺһеĪĿС
ǵ˺һֻۣҲܡ
̾˵Ѱ
򴽣ɫҲ˵Ѿ׼أ
յͷһֱʺŵġŻʺ㲻ɡ
Ȼᣬ˵Ļҷ¡
ԳĬǲ֪ʺҵˣҵˡ
һĨЦ⣬бȥΪأ
յΪǶǺʵѡ
ЦѵΪ߾ֻһô
⵹ҲǡյͷͻȻʵǲ֪߿лʺˣ
۲תݸ㡣Ϊ֪߿϶ûˣûκֵȥ㽻Ϣ
Ƶһֱ׷ƽ⣬ʹֲƽ󡣡
ԼȥԼڳеʵһַǳͳ˼룬֪յĿģҲϷϷġ
ʱڳнԼܻʧأհǰ˺ģ͸帮һǱ帮ˣôܶ˵ķԣȻûʲôҲΪˣĹǲűȽ
׵ѧϰգڳнֻǿһЩйڹҵְλȻ佨ԼĲţĵľδβ棬˭ܹ࿴Զһ˭Ȩ
ĸĸ󣡡
һ۵ͬʱĿȥֻͼĳ֡
æ˹ȥʵôأ
ĸ㿴Ů˺Ŷ
ָǰĻ˷ܵ
̧ͷһֻһ޵ĸߣİսš
ȴĸɡͻȻָߵһˣ㿴Ҳڡ
ȥϲѽ˺
Цº£ǻʺ󣬵ʱʺݹտ֡
ĸ󰡣
ͼ
Цõͷ
ĸ˵˵㵱ʱڸʲô
Ц⻹˵ɣҿǻ˵ˡ
ֿա
Ӹǽ⣬ǱߵĹ¼ﴵ롢Ǽ˷ܣΪЩȷʵܹġ
ˣ룬治С˵֪졣
˽̸һ롢ȥһǰ
ʵ֪
յʺɿ壬ұɻҪһЩɱ˵⻭㡣
һĨΣǲձ»㽫һȥС
æҴˣҾôһʺ顣
ǻߵ顣
ҵѧŮ˵ĥġƵ
ݸһЦǰȥ

ʱ֣ΪĸӣϯڼڸѯһʾһЩҩ̸磬ķĵĹġʱǲΣǷǳû˭ԸΪУѣҲҪΪУǳеĹʶ
ȻҪΪӲ漰κγж޼һβôҲݲҪ֪žڳҲһеˡ
⣬Ѿôܻͣ꣬αȥԡ
Թ緹֮롢뿪԰
ĸ֮ͻȻյϷȥһ˾ѧԺ֪пգпյĻǾϷһͬȥɡ
£漴Ц˵ģҺöûȥˡ
ЦûѵϷǾò㰡
պǺǵ˾ǹˡ
˵þѧԺȻ½רվҵӵܡ
֮ǰܻʼѵӪǵһѧԺ˵ǺԲٵ֮ĻվأǺȥϾݲһҪæ̫ܻ࣬ܵȥϿΡ
ǣⶫǺմģһѧԺһɫǽ֮󣬺ܶཫϣܹȥڲףղǾѧԺڣܾЩʲô
ԣǳźһȥġ
ѧԺȻҲǽڱߣԶһѧԺǷǳƫƧĵط⵱ȻҲǺҪģȻѧԺרΪҽģǲܹܶôźĴҪԸĿࡣ
һһ
ոôţòٳϴֻһѧԱڲٳŶܿ
ڲٳϱߣһżУϰٸ֮࣬ϰѧԱվڼǰһģӼͲġ
ʮ̹٣Ẕ̌ޣȥ
ЩѧԱһɫʮ꣬Ͷǳᣬһͷ̷ΪѧԺһĵĹ涨ǲܳʮ꣬ΪΪʮĿԾͲˣûĹ涨ǺոЩ˵ףǶô࣬ÿŵ
ͻȻЦʵǽܷΪҴƵǿѧϰϷཫ͸е㣬֮ǰвٽĶӣվ֪Ժ֣ҵȥˡ
յ˾ô룬ҿɲô룬ѧԺǳ͢ǮģҪ棬Ļһš
Цŵͷ
һ˵ţһ
ǽ̹ǰȭְμ˾գ
ĲѧԱһ̻ͷ˹
ĿһƳǳƵĳǽ̹΢ЦȥЩոջͷѧԱٳܶʮȦŶմɨٳҲˡ

ǽ̹̻ǰôͣȻŻͷȫС
ŻͷĲ࣬ҲںոѧԱҲ֪ʲôǶ̹ٱȽϿ־壬ʵʵվ
ǽ̹´Ȧ
ЩѧԱһ±ƣǱ˵ַʲô
û˸ұԹһ䣬ϽгɶӣΧŲٳ
Щ̹ٿɶǺյ̳̫ĹӵܣǷǳݵģЩѧԱոѧãǽ첻Ӧеصز飬û˿԰ǳ
ЦϷǺǰͲףΪʲôһܹ̻Ϊ
ʼûа취һֱЩ֮ܲˬ
ЦĿۺգС߯Ҳһɡ


1973 ̫в
ʵЩѧԱǷǳҸģÿΪҪǺջȽУһģǵѧᵽһ㡣
뼸̹˽ЩѧԱӽ̹ǵֻƬУ֪ЩѧԱӦùöܱҡ
ȻⱯֻЩŵĹӵܣ˶ԣҸٳԴٶԡ
ֱѵ֮󣬺ղֹͣЩ̹ٵĽ̸ǰ棬һĿɨÿѧԱж˸żǵǵĽ̹˵òǶҪңãпգʲô⣬ʰɡ
ЩѧԱ໥˿һСƽͷͻȻʵѧѧԺĿγ̶İŵģ֪ǲã
յͷȻá
Сƽͷʵѧϰ̵ģѧϰĿγȴǾգΪʲô˵棬ۿһЩ죬ίһ㡣
ǳŵȥģǵĿγ̣ճѵ֮⣬ǾգֻĳѧĻԵº;Ϊ
ҵϾѧԺʱҲû˵ѧϰա
Ǹףû˸ǽһ㣬Щ̹ﶮЩֻ÷ӣҲֻܽЩѧԱӣѧѧҪ҆¡
ЦŵͷͻȻָŻȦЩѧԱ֪Ϊʲôͷô
ԭµЩѧԱһ㶣漴һĿźա
յΪǷŻͷһۡ
øˣҲңںոոʱǻ֪ǿ϶Ҳͷġ
ֵϣΪ֣ǱĿȥģҲ˷ôǮϣΪǲ츳ѵʵǿԶһ˵侲˼άΪˣ뱣֤κʱҪ侲Ϊκһ󣬶пܵ̽䣬Ծɻľĸꡣ
ҷһվǾ̷ˣɼǸûרѵǿҵǼģҲǸģֻǱܼȦѣսϣһͷܾͻʧȥ۸ʧȥҿԸǣγ̣һֱǵҵҽǲҪȥԹΪԹı䲻ʲô
һѧԱʵѧϰأ̸ʲôϵ
ǻܹһЩϾйϵǻһҪĿγ̣֣û⣬һĴ󽫾С棬ãǻ̫ȥ밡
ЦѧϰĲ
ӡ飬̺Ҳûйϵѽ
ôûйϵ
ЦսһǶǽ֮ӦҲ˾մЩỰ´ÿͬԾһ㣬һĸоҲȥ̣սҵĹ۲죬ӽսģܶսйأԶ裬ҴƵ֡
ȻǾҪ죬ܶྭսǾмǿĴԣ֮Ҳǻ˵ֱӽұս˰ԴڵģҪѧϰ֣ǵ
ҲڲףûйϵǲҪףֻһĿģѧϰΨһҪģҲѧϰѧҵг֮վսϣȻͻһСһ㣬ǿȥһЩѾҵѧЩʼҾ죬ǵѧñѧþͻҪĶܹ࣬ףΪʲôѧԺҪЩ֪ʶʲô𣿡
໥˿㶼ô˵ˣǻʲô⡣
ѵñ˵ܲĿѵϣܹѧһ̴Ӧǣ˾ҲҲǿЦģҷǳϣԼ뿪Ϊܹ֤ܹҵȫǾӢҵˣ񷴶Щв㣬ΪҲţǸ򵥵ѧԣܹÿ˶ǾӢ
۸룬¶һĨЦ
ЩѧԱĬ뿪ĻﻹȵһʼǾͷǳܲ˾ѧԺѵ֮ǰɶŹߵģûô뿪ĸǷǳ࣬ǳģտʼһ£ᶼ޸ˣ˶ҪˣΪǸǺȷĸǣҲҪ˭ҪѧͲҪؼңȥɡ
Ϊǵĸҵξ޼ǵĳɹǵı仯֪ƶĿγ̣Ȼû⣬ǷǳЧǾ˰
ཫ֪ҵƃǼпܳΪƵĵһ٣ǵʱûϾѧԺܵõᣬѧϰһǳѵûᡢΪؼǣѧԺĽԭ򣬾ҪЩڳеĵλܹȥ
òײſģǲѧġ
ʵѧͦѵãҪ䶼츳ɲϼô򵥡
ʧûС̾˿Ǽѵɡ˵ţһ֣˾գ롣
Цŵͷ뺫ѧǱȥ
߱ߵϷǺ棬һۣǴѧģ
յ˾Ϊ˵Ƿе
ЦҪûеϷҲе棬죬˭˲ᡣ
һӦô˵ɣҸ츳ҲôŬӮùĹǣΪͻҵƣֻԼһȫµĽֳҵڸǵƣҸԸ⻨ȥоµýϵ
ЦǺǵǺ졣
յǰɣΪұоݰ

ھѧԺתһȦ˳ȥ񰲾֣Ѿϰ̣Ҳþûȥ񰲾ֲƺˡ
ǵ񰲾ֵʱѾǰʱ֣³̴°ˡ
¹ټ
š
ЩʼҾͻȻˣԵ˷ܲѰ
ҲǵĶʦˡ
ЦЦװ
ǵģѵӪǱ߱ҵ˺üѧԱ
յͷܾ˾ô
ܾ˾ڰ칫ҿᡣ
Ὺʱ򡣡
һ㶣ֵУȥ
̴İ칫ǰš
ʲô£
洫̴ǳŷ
յҡ
ܿ죬űռŵǳӣɣҲڰ
Цŵͷ
ֵַʽҲڣһôڰ
ʽܼæеһ
Цŵͷ鲻ԽľǸܾƹȥͻȻ̴ֳһĸʹɫһܾ˾۾ð
̴һЩ
հһЦﲻ̴֪ǰʾȥþƣϾʽڣɲԼˡյȻףֻǹŻһ³̴ߵǱߣ˱衣
̴ǳһ
ʵʲô£
¡Τ۵
նһ裬ߵɳǰ£ʵʲô˼
ӵǹ涨նͨԣܹȡüʻʸ񡣡
ոոպ˿ڲˮȥ곤ӵĻԴֹ֡գֱӽˮ˳ʶĨ죬ЦǺǵ˭ģ̫вˡ


1974 ˭ǴԽ
ǳǶǳĿźգƺЦء
ҲЩ̫ԣϽֱ壬ʵô˵ʲô𣿡
ʽܵʵֿˣԹ֮
Թֲ֮ɵúǺЦʲôЦƵļʵ̫һ㡣
ġ
ӵͷΪڴʱսҪͶսԳսΪڼݳļҪǷǳߵģʱĿɶǹӵܣƽǲսģʴھУСһҲżݳҪΪһϸļݳߣǱҪֿͨˡ
һⲻѽСҰҲݳҲû˵ҪͨԲܹݳ
ӵΪ֮ǰ˱Ƚ٣˲壬ǳдԱּݳĿ˲δռеĳԼԱ䱸ĳʵҪϸĿ˵ġ
˵꣬վͼΪһֱΪɣȥ
ļգݵȻǿ̻ģǿǻѽôȥѽ
̴ܲͷСӻûж飬ôʲô֪
ûȾơ
û˵̴Ͻӻֵ
˼Ц˱׼һһ𽡣װڳϲͬλҪ󳵷ڼݳʱйɣ졣
ˮóˮŢ·ݳҪһҪƽȣƫ·
ѵӪ氲ŵһЩѵƣڵ·һЩϰҪ󳵷ʻͨǲܴκһϰ
ģ轻飬ڽ·ڣҪ󳵷ݳڽϣתʶȣҪ赸һš
壬ǹսѵûпǡ
˵ͷͷǵʱģԹ֮
̴ƭʲôʱѧģֻ̲սѧҲûʲôãڡָĶӵѧҲ
ֵȻеĻΪʲôҴδ˭ҳҪͨԣܹݳ
Цֻ֤ûй£ĳӦҲⷽѵ
Ҳǰɡյͷ֪ΪνҪأ
ʽܵΪ͢ſ˳ƣҲܹĳóΪԭ˴ƥǱĳڴӶǳ򲻹ˣºܶ˾˼ݳӶ¹ʡ
Τ۵֪һΪʻײˣѾǵˡ
⣬ջûпǵǰ٣ҲͳҲ·ãܣºܶ˶˽Σִֻ壬д󳼣׹ݲҵ֮ʲôˣоͰǮˡ
Ϊؼǣˮ·ĳ֣ƽȣٵټϳ͢ſƣ³ڵȽϸԣˣȥڣ복ĺûѡ
Ȼû뵽ᷢչ³̾ͱϡȱǰЩûУҪ֪ԭҪΪóףǰսԴɲʲô˶ҲһȻѾƣûпɺֻˣУƥƷҲǼӣƥԭԭв˿ʼΪҵʢУҲΪҪ
յͷôģ
ӵȻǹ淶ݳʻΪǻΣÿ˵ȫǴ޶һƵĿƶȣɷʽ淶ͨԣó͢䷢һ֤ܹݳû֤ͼݳͬڷ
ۣ߯Ҳǰ˰ɣվǳȤ
ƳʵǷǳģΪƵ۹ͳһַǳϽ˼άƳĽͿԿһʲô룬̣Ǿ͸һһǶûУҲǳϽʲôù淶ô淶Ȼɷ淶Ƴķ˼ʵҲǺǿҵģɡǷǳϽһɷһֱοܳһʱԭɷ
ƳҲʫʫƳߵƾٸ֮ǰҪĿԾʫҪʫдúãܹΪʿƳǶ¥ĶȽֻʫҪ̣ʾͲҪҲɼһߡ
ʲôȥҡȽͨأҲƳƶģҲǽǵ˿ߣ˿ߣĿʻǳ
Ҿ÷ǳСյͷǰ˵Щʲô˱׼ǲӦ޶һ£ȡƽһЩϾգԾӣǹһģôѧϰݳǲǻҪṩѧϰϣҪǵġ
ӵǰ˵£Ϊ͢ṩطԼȥѧϰݳΪҲǸսйأս͢೵ڹҰȫǷǳġ
Цǿǵô꣬ѾҪҳıˡ
̴ߵ֪ãǰΪ벻㣬뿪㣬ת
ʽܾܵ˾ɲ档
̴һɣ˾ǻ棬ϣﳳҵ뿴˭ù˭
ʽܡӽǿЦ
ΤͻȻǧô˵и⣬ۣȻˣҲǳɡ
ʲô⣿
Ҳǹڳġ
Τ۵ֶĳеĳСɫһ޷ֱײݣҲ׷顣Ƿž룬ǲóҲһŪӡȥҲ÷ֱ档
ŴӡǷֹ͵
ƺţ
գգۣոȥ˭ǴԽ߰ⲻС
ӲΪΣ
յΪܶķ񰲾ֻάȡ
ʽܵⲻһС¶ѡ
㶼Ҫƺţ⻹С£ЦҪŪ϶ҪÿŪҪӡӦڷȻû塣
ӵͷǾôġ
յӡͻַ˽ȨʲôȥҶ֪뿴ʲôᱻ֪Լ١
ﷸ̴ѿڵ
ǿӵ໰˱ۣﷸأ
Τ۵ָǳд󳼰ɡ
յͷҶǹԱӦҲ֪ɣ볼֮ǲϣģҲ˵᲻ͨͨЩʱҲڣڷ񰲾ô죬ץǲץץͻƻɷȨҪץĻ鷳¿ɾһѣŪû໥¼ɣǳµģ񰲾ֻ᲻ϵľ鷳С
˵ˣ˵ԼͺܲŪƺţϾҪԼᣬ컹ãֻ꣬϶һˣǿɾˡ
˵öԡ̴ǼŪգˣһȥͨˣǿɾ鷳ˡ
Ц㷽Ų˵ûҲô
̴ٺЦҾһЦ㲻ص档
̾ҼҪˡ
̴ɫһ䣬ҲҼҪˡ


1975 
ʵҲǺΪ뿴ģΪʼΪʲô룬ĻǵͷֻһգҪ˵ǻۣȡóɹôһ㣬˶Խȥ롣
һֱ͹˹˵ǻۣû뵽Ѿһ׼ݳĿ˱׼
ҲӻԾļǵ֣̽ΪǳȤѾ˵ǴӺ˼룬Ǹݵ˼ڷ仯Ҳ˵ڽܹ˸еϲȤ
ڰ칫ңһ߳Էһ̸
̸̸ţƼݶҪҪԴҪΪƹӵܺͨĳƽʱоƺȡ
ͬʱ˽ⶾĻʵָʯɢʵƳѾƷʯɢ֮ǰ˼ʯɢһֶҩкʳʯɢǼٲ٣ʼҾ췢ʯɢһЩҸȼҪΪгΪ󣬾Ϳ϶йӦһʯɢгô˺Ҳһ
ȻҸȼˣ񰲾ҲʯɢϽʯɢ
Ҳڴձ棬˼£ʯɢΣߴҡ
ֱ죬Ž
֮⣬ҶԵ÷ǳƣΪڳ̴Ƕԣһһ⣬ǵĹȤǶںնԣļƻһȡóЧĿĲһľҲһ
صʱʱѾˣԭΪǶѾ˯ˣȴû뵽һ븮ţ¹һɫվͥԺڡ
˻ûϢ
Բ
µǰдһЩ׼ϢôʱŻ
ǰ§һԷǱȥһߵո񰲾ֿᡣ
²ܾûй񰲾ֵˡ
ЦҲǴϵģ͸һۡˣĳǾϸѵô
£ǵȻʿǷǳҪģȣҪŵùˣΣҪļݳרŵѵʦ
ЦΪ񰲾־¡
ʲôģһĿ
̽һ£¡
µͷǺѽϾغÿ˵İȫŶǰСֺôССǼˡ
յ𣿡
µ˵˼Ѿˡ
Цչȥ
˵䣬ڣͻȻ§µϣӦȥ
һཻ֮糺죬˫ˮĴºգһʹ
պٺٵ˭÷ô÷Ұٿᡣ
˵ţȥ˫ֵסϴ衣
£ԼŸһȺ˴һǸϴϴǵһ𡣡
½ҸոѾϴˡ
ɲ㡣
ջһЦֱӽ
ѽ
¾һʶ˫§źյĲЩŹңͷòײŲɵġ
ģŪʪͷġ
ҲŲţĻϴ谲ֹ
ߣҲ

磬վ˷¥Ժ֣ҶԺУվףܷ¥ǳɣЦϡ
ۣôְ
ôԺЦ
Сո硣
Ҽˣæվ
˼˫ݶǿǻˣҲ
װģ֡
ȴһ˺£˼һЦСո磬һ㶼ûб䡣
εķ̾˿ʵұˣֻǱøƯˣҵջڲϵӡ
⻰Ҳ٣ΪѾΪǣʴΪͬȷʵԽˡ
ŮһЦ
Ŀһɨһôûпǰ
õǽ㻹ûˡ
ûţҵȥ

ܼܵæסգ磬ǽ㶼˯ŵģȥǶô㰡
ûС֣㲻ССֲŸոճֵأ
ܵܶʱˣ磬⻰ɱ˵ҡҿûеǽ㡣
յȥôŸʲô
ЦС֣ȥ»Ǽѩ㣬лˡ
ܵһתÿʮ֮š
бĿһƳãѽѽѽ֣öԸһЦҲ˵˵ѣôŮǱֻһĸΪһɭֵġ˵ţ˫˼мһЦǺǵ˼˫˵ô
ޣ
ŮĴǷǳһ°

źյļ룬ЦԽƵĵûԺݳ飬ǵȻǷǳĳɹ̷˼࣬ЩʿߵڶˣͲڰˡ
˵Դ˸еǳƣΪѾٹܷ¥£أûһˣԱȵ˼ǵġ
ʵΪ¥ûз¥ɵķΧߵĸˣȫͬģѧǷǳ̿࣬ɾ׷ϣȻⲻϺ쳾Ҫ֪в˼ź쳾쳾һѾΪҲûܹ赸Ȼܶ˶ģ¡
ſʱɣľͻȻ˽һգ̵̫ˣҪ˵
յͷվģʧһ¡
ɣľȥԼķڡ
ʲô£ʵ
ɣľɻǵ쳤
յͷҵȻǵãôأ
ɣľҷȥĿ⼸䣬һ˾ͻǲǮɲһСĿ
ЦĹȷʵȽϺǮɡ
̸ǮôòΪ⡣
ɣľԽԽ֣ϣҶʮū
µҪūʲô
ɣľҲû˵ָҪūҪ˿ɱġ
ɱ
ɫԺȻ
ɣľͷ쳤һֱ̫ãʲôӡ
ü˼ΣɣȥǱ߿
ɣľͷõġ
֮󣬺ռǻûгһȥǷǰš
˭
һ˼ˡ
õͳ˵
Ƭ̣űֻһãɴŮվڣһ˫鶯ӣ·ǧ
´£룬ԭѾ𴲡
Цʧô
൱ʧЦЦʵѾˣΪʲôȥ
ĿۺգС㵥ദ
Ӣͬ
պǺһЦڣͻȻߵš
һЦŸϣƵĿۺգȻص¡
Ķ棬ϵɴɴʲôʱҿѾˡ
Ϲ˵ҿɲֹɴǰһۣĿ˸ţȡô
ЦǰǺг嶯ȴôˡ
΢΢һ㶣Ϊʲô
յΪ׷ķʽԡ
źȤ˻
յȻҲַǳרһˣǷǳרˣߵûǴͳ·ߣ֪మû֪ǾͲమȻһֱɫңȴԼڸǵʵʵ˵ʶ㣬Ҳ˵Ҳʶ㣬Ҿǵľ뷴ԽԽԶˡ
Ŀ͵˸˼£ʵҰ
ô
ٿȻ֣ץסһ

̾һջﵹȥ
һס֫һУ˲䣬ںյĴϣ⻹û꣬͵ȥ
һĨ֮ɫһȥգһһģ˫һ㣬뺫յĻӵĶ棬һ˫ĿŭĿźա
һؿڣվЦɡ㡣
ǵκһŮˣ˵񣬶ôɡ
κһŮˣʱ˿̶񣬻ߴɫǣ侲硣
һЦתȥˡ
ź֮󣬹ĿһУԽԽöԸˡ


1976 شͻ
һֱնԼĶλǷǳģںܳһʱڣǽԼӣҲǳֻͣҪɱļˣôУνжڼõˣ϶Ǹһļˣ̷ǣǳΣǰϦſʼǽԼĺȦӡ
ôӾǱġ
ͬӣȥܹöӵѾˣѾһλ֣Ȼٱȥκ£Ҫʼȡ
Ǿ֮һ
Թ緹֮󣬺ձɣľȥˡ
еһʱһȽƫƧĵطܷǳտ޺ֻһשɵĴԺбڵĽ񣬿ȥǳء
ɣľոǰԺű̴ʱ߳ȭһ񣬡С˼ܹܡ
һȥô
ڵġ
ȥͨһɡ

ԺУֻԺڶŸߣ̳̳޹Ƕ಻ʤⵤ¯ĸС״ȫһģȻǳ¡
ɣľһĻ۵Щɾ߿ǻǲٵǮרŴռҶģ쳤Ҫַǳϸ΢һ㲻ԣ͸ˣ
˵쳤ɣľԹǲС
һ˻˼ǮǮܲԹôֻ֮ǰؼТʱ͸кǮ棬Ǿ쳤Ҫȥƽϡ
Ц͵ʱ̼ѡ
ɣľЦЦûʵռҶ̫ԸΪЩΪЩѰնԣȫûõģ̫öۣʵɣľôҲܾġ
Ƭֻ̣һͷñŰµӴ˳Ǿϲ֮ɫ˰
쳤
յͷϵĺεǸɸɾ·ҲǷǳɾ࣬Цͦɾġ
쳤ٺٵⶼǶԸģΥ
ǰ쳤øؤƵã¾ûһǸɾģնûбҪ󣬾ָɾ࣬ȻⲻҪ쳤ԼʰרŰĸưͣչʳӣΪǷǳܵģưʵġ
Цҽȥʵҡ
쳤ʶ˵գͻȻȥĽŲ˻ҪҪ·ָָԼϵİ״ӡ
Цһֱǳ˼ҵĹء
쳤׹һƴ׹
ܿ죬Ǵװɫ
ոɣľϹס
뵽ʵڣǷǳɾһ۾ܹ۲ƣΪȫǴʯģмǸʵ̨һʯ˷ѾͲ֪ǮңÿӶӦһΪ˲ɹ⡣
Ȼɣľ˵ôᣬͻʵҵۣΪǺƵġ
ϰڷźܶɣľԣϡŹֵ
ʵЩ󣬾һЩѧ󣬵ȻǺո쳤ģлƾơ
յһѧϸ쳤ȻһЩѧ֪ʶñ˵ôȥᴿķʽķʽҪĻǣȥѧʵ飬Ǹǰһ֪¯海š
΢˿ɣľ˵Ҷʮūȱʲô֣ūǲģҿ԰ʺϵѡұܶ
쳤㶹£Ҳȱֻ֣ǡֻѾоһҩںܶ϶ùЧɶǳãǻûùҶʮūҩ
֪ˣһƷ»д߰Լʲôҩ
Եһ¡
쳤첽ȥʵһСڣһ˳һСƿ⼸оɹ˵꣬ҿ
Ŀȥһֺɫķĩã
쳤õģѾһֻԹȡúٵЧʮֻӣһǵ˿ڶ񻯣ȻʹҩֻȬˣҩܹͿ棬һܹԵģֻͿ˿ϣºɫ˰̡
ѵǿأûмɫĿذյͷʲôģ
쳤˷ܵҴһİ취
ʲôӣ
ǰ֪һЩվùë۷С˿ϣ˵кܺõЧҾ뵽ù˵ЧټϵЩᴿļҾܹùᴿܻмõЧҾŪ˸ָù취ᴿһֱδȡͻƣҷЩù֮Ȼܹıɸָɫǲ˿ڡ
쳤ָһЩƿӡ
ǰȥһƿӴһһ׻ɫĿ״ִһƿһַǳرɫķĩ¶֮ɫΪЩɫƳûмģ˸Źâȴ˵ȥ
쳤Ŷһּ˵ֱһգһֻʵ飬п˿ʱûץסһ¾ͱ˳ȥණаһƿùùպӵ˿ϣû룬ӺܿȬˣҾרоֺɫȾϣҸŪҩˡûԹҲҸ߶
ôһ˵ùأùҲǺɫѽһﵽŪһʲôҩˡЩԺûаҵķԸд־
еģеġ
쳤ַɿ˽ȥȻһ˳ݸգ΢΢ǹҩо־
Ź־⣬Ժпտ˵һҳͿʼðˣΪдþǴʽĻѧӦȻ쳤һֱߵûѧ·ߣǰҩﶼķʽʵǻѧֻû΢ĸһдԾ΢ﷴӦƫƫдô󣬿źǱŤ
һ߿һ룬澿ʲôӦ
ϰ֮⹤־̺ļֵչֳʵдǷǳÿһϸڶд÷ǳϸܶķӦ
յȻûдͷβҪѡ˼ҪϳɷӦ£㽫־ˡ
һԵ쳤ȴǽŵҪΪոտһͳˣǺºյģһڣСʵǲﲻԣ
ЦǳãֻǹҩĻʮﹻһ취ģжҩ
쳤ٶƿ
治ٰ
ٺ٣ҳҩ
յͷ׼ãһȡġŶҲҪע壬ϡȱ˲š
쳤жᶼҪˣлл
յУȻȥˣŶⱾ־һôȥվ͸
쳤û£û£ⱾҲڶġ
ɲҵģ⼸ĺˮһ赹Եġ
˵űվ뿪
ϵձɣľǰ˵쳤ǶǮ
ɣľᡣ
յɻǵ÷Щɫķĩô
ɣľͷ
յʵһȾϣּ޼֮˵ʮᣬǶʮᣬ֮ҲԸ⻨Ǯ
ʮ᣿ɣľ
յҪ֪ɻûҩļֵҪĻٱ֮аּȻǲ֮ģȾϼ漰ܶ෽棬ڽжǷǳҪģҪԼȾϣȻ֮͢Ҫ»ˣȿ֮ҵȥȾǱ߿ʱپ
ɣľûлعֻľګĵͷ֪ˡ
ʵǾһ΢Ⱦϣֻ쳤ǳҩȥģֻںҩЧʲôȾϵģ붼ûǺһʶѽȾϼһǳͻƣҪ֪ȾϿɻǴӶֲȡġ
޼֮


1977 ǳ


ս쳤Ĺ־ϣƣ̬̾˿ƾˮĻѧ֪ʶҪŪҩʲôأǲܹѽ쳤ѾһЩ΢ļֻϧû΢ĸҪ΢Ļʶ΢Ĵڣ츳ҽѧһܹȡüͻơʺһ档


á
ʮ᣿
Ҫ˵Ŀʱ΢΢һ
ĹһֱҳлҵǷǳȶһ꣬ҪбȥһĻңǷЩأ
´Ҳ׷׵ͷ
յҳ֮ǰлҵ֮ȶֻΪϵƣǰһ곯͢޷ϣлңǸݴֽͭңһ±ɡ
֣нΪֽңΪǸøӽһЩҪðΪķֽҡ
ҡҡͷǲķֽң㹻ĴͭһҲ֪ģǻƵķƶȣǶƶȵΣղǵĻƶȣǷ٣ǶŵģϾõĶһֽ
Ȼ㹻ĴͭǺüӦʡһãԱʱ֮衣
յ⼸Ҳ̿ͭȫͭԣǲڻµģΪǲӦþۣΪٲҪģؼҪʡӦϸݷǻһĹʽг϶ڻҵ
һԱ֤ҲֵٰеĲƸȶסֵֹۣͭһֵۣͭô϶˽ͭڻңǵĻгǱҪ֤κڻͭҵĳɱڻҵļֵͬʱҪ֤ڱͭҲǿġ͢ҪôǮԱĹʣ̫ԭƻɶҪǮңʮᣬǴͶ뵽ҪֽңٽǵҵչһңͳһҲǱȻģҴʮȥԿ
һֱĬͻȻڻһ£һֱлǶⷽ棬Ƿǳ˽⣬ӦϾϻػҷǷǳɹġ
лʺֵ֧֡λңʵһǳֵ˷ܵ£ΪΨھ£ղŻĻңһ㣬д÷ǳԭȥֵԶԶǰģҪ֪ȥǻһ֣Ϊ̫ԭƻ϶ᳬȥģⷴնǰǳġ
Ĺһţһš
ʵ˵еǲЩһֱǺڸɣҺ˵оݣгϸļ㹫ʽǺұģȫƾŹϵĹжϣò
ĿһɨǴûҾͽһµݸ¡
Ȼֺ֧յģΪ̫ԭƻֱӰ棬Ҫ㹻Ǯȥ֧֣ȻԽԽá
ҳĬջǵ˵ͷϾջûⷽʧҲò۾Ժա
ֵλǰһ£񰲾ֵģ񰲾ϣӹ淶ʻԼݳⷢ¹ʡ
Ĺ̴ǵ¿
£Ҷ޳ɵģǵôֵǮҲߵϣײǾ̫ԩˣǵĳǶǾϸѵģⲢӰǵ棬Ƿǳġ
ڳľƼݣĹЩϳӻģͬƳȾƼݳǲƺȾΪȱʵʲԣҲֻ޸ģûг׷ҪǺ¹ʣͼӱͷ
һ£ͲҪȥֱӾͨˡ
£ͽˣ
Ĺˣ
ڵϣϾЩ϶붼ģĿͻȻһƳĹǶѾȥˣ˵ҪĶѾ׼ˣ
һãһȥĸ˳㻹Ҫ˼ֹ˵ţü͸һ˿Ρ
һ㣬ûʲôһ͵ġЦЦȻŹİ˳ȥ
һ㶣漴΢΢ЦǰҪʱ̱ž衣
ãȥŴʼ׼лҵ£ȻջǵǾ÷飬ֻҪҪ󳼸ﶼͬ⣬ûеͨģⷽ棬ǷǳźգϾնûʧֹ
ȻǷֽңӡˢˣΪźܶĹأ֤ȫ͸๤Ҫﱸģô˵ڻԣÿΪæµʱڣǷлҵʱ
ֱʱ֣ղŴӻ̽ɣľȥȾǱߡ
ȾȾϾרڻҵģնԴǱķǳܣ볤ҲЩ룬֮ҪһһأǲܵģȾǱߴһޣȾϣһɣľ̶һȫµȾרз΢Ⱦϡ
նԴ˶һЩȲ΢ȾⲻôƱøѤʣܱڱܣΪ΢ȾϿԲȡ΢仯ģÿɫһط
ֽҷαȾϿ֮ء
ֱڶ磬ղ뿪Ⱦɣľû뿪ҺǸĳһȥģΪջҪܻ
ȵǼլԺʱոպ
ˣȫ
һūŵĺ˵
ʵվѾߣһֱܱѲӣ֤ܱûаڡ
ʵƾЧЩūҪСҰЧҪһЩΪСҰϾǺյĵܵܣСҰΪշ񣬶ЩūĹϵ͹ϵǵΨһʹΪշ񣬶˶࣬вܣмڣרűյģһЩרŷģȫǰպѵģʽ
ǵ飬ջǷǳĵģֱӿլԺС
ū澼
ǰеһ
մЦܽˡ
˵СҰȥأǿ׳Įĳ
ЦģʶһˣûбǸʵū͡
һܷȥǰԺȺ򡣡
£ûе
ͷ
ȻԡԼĳŲȥǰԺԼһľֱȥãϾһΣҪдҲͲһˣûд
ڣصľһţḧ£һĨЦѣǶԲסôá
ּϰڷһЩ㣬һӵУȻڰϣȣĿϾ˰·Щƣ
úһ֨ѽһ˫ĿſǱ߿ȥҡҷ䣬ֻһѾ˽һ׹٣̰Ѿȹڲסǻȵġ
һһĨɫȴЦΪװʺ㡣
ǡѾߡ̧ͷһӣҫ£Եù⻬ϸ壬·𴵵ƣһҲ´߹ĺۼ
˭ʵʲô˼
Цҵ˼ǿܿ۴ʺ㡣ȴ룬ȵģѾװôֵס
£ͷһӦɫ͸һ˿Σһۡ
ЦʵһָϽתƻ⣬ָϵľӵҽմı֤ܹǰһ
ߵȱæ½ۣҿǼٱǰһĿǲࡣ
յҿɲǴרҵϾһ˳ҵκƷҵȻ˵컨׹
´ǰҪ£Щ򿪡
˸ûȤľһ淴
ʱһ⣬Ư
ֻľӨ͸ıӣؼⱭͨһǰδеͨ


1978 ı
ȷϾǻʺ󣬵䱦ǵһμ˺ðΣŻعƫͷʵ⡪ʲô
һЦӣ׼ȷ˵Ǹ߽űǲǺ󡣡
֪
֪㻹ʣ±Ƶ
ʲôģ
ＫΪˬĿźա
ŶǸǸոϽ͵һȫµĲϣԷģҽȡΪ
Ϊʲôвкεôʵ
ʺʲôʱôˡ͵ȡֲҪʲôʣؼ˳ڣ׼ǣʵҲһˮٽˮĻͲͻر𡣡
ʵҲûʣĿóⲣǼϲҿô
յֲĻǿԵġ
·ʶԼʧ̬һۣߵĪҪƲˣҼıɱˡ
յɲá
㡭
û˵
һһûס汭ţֱץסһ֣˫ţͬһϸۿţ̾ƯʵСģ
˵౦ֱʣǸ߽űһʦ
ʱ׹ֻЩ̣ͻȻм仹һƿϽתƻʲô
ЦׯѾƣгϿûģֻҸҵļá
˵䣬˸߽űǾƿγƿЦԿ
һЦеĸ߽űȥ
սƿбһǳ޵ĺɫˮ뱭УһСڱмһǳѤĿĻȡ
գҲǾϲѣŷ֣ʢžƵĸ߽űҪΪ߷·һġ
Ϊʲô㲻ҵ
Բ
ĻشΪƸ񡣡
һƺòǺס
ֽ͵еʵģνˮ硣
ԵЩƣܿҡͷ治֪ľ棬ľǼ١
ټٲô
ЦЦָԼһıһ£һ졣
˵Ķ
΢΢ǳһڡ
ò˵һ䣬Ÿ߽űĺգֱ˧ˡ
һؾúôһ˿˿ţҲѧǳһڣֻƣ磬ڴ೤ζ鲻Խ޵ѵõĺþơʵôõľƣΪβó
ȱǮôЦЦֵؼ־ƿɲôģҪѵĵص㣬õļڣõ죬һ÷źЩ꣬ʵÿôһ㣬Լȶ
΢Ʋǣܲζǻʺ󣬰˵õĶӦҪӵУôζľƣȻûг
Ͻתƻ֪ʺΪⱦΣ
߽űǰ֣ȴģ
յͷȻκ˶֪ͣһɵġ
⻰治٣ȷʵûµʱģרѧⴵҪȤ͸ϲͻһġڲѣѾзǳļֻǲ֪ҪȥԪء
Ȥʵʲôʱģ
Тʱ򡣡յ
ԣۣʱϵнأ
ŮμҰҡͷЦǵǣҪרΪ㣬ҿһȹһʹڣǲ
һЦ¶ǳǳСѣټյĴ磬Ůһ㽿ģЦҲ԰
㶵ʲôҲԣ
һȹ
㻹治ὲһȥ·ûҿɲŻʹѾ÷벻أ
ҡҡͷˣҾȥǿᣬϣܹׯϴһЩֲҪʺ󳯷ǰ㻪ҲǵĹٷһĹΪһֱ档ϧеĲ÷ƺüףǽ⡣
£ȷвСѶȰ
Ц֪ⷽĲܣΪƳƵƤǷҳ
ʺǿҡһͷ뿴
л
һЦȻ̧еĺƱ
±
ûֻ˵Ɑӡ
εգգۣǺȻǲأˣǲˡһ˵ǵʱڼȽģΪҵ´ʱ䣬֮ͻȻ뵽㽫õţһֱûóģֻ˼߽űңⲣļֵɲǽӣ뿴ⲣװڴϣô
һĨ⣬ʱĻŭţֲŵôõıô͸أ
ЦҪôõıҲ͸㰡ԣ̫ıˡ
΢죬԰һۣȴм֮ɫⶫô
ͻȻֽľеɫ˿˳ֻһСӣСŲգɱͶۣǾͲǺѡǧҪطȥרҪԴϸܣΪⲣΪҴƳڵҪƷҽ㽫ЩĹϸסǲƸǲܸɣǶԸģΪܶһֱǹģһûг塣
ӹСҲûмŷȥϲȻҲԤⲣѸٵΪĲƸԣʵ̫Ҫˡϲ֮ʱմƹһ㶣ּհڰϣҡ²ּȣǳһھƣ΢΢ۣһܵı顣
УıȴǷ⣬Ǳȥ
տԱߵӣΪʲô
ֻܵһ˿Ϊء
ƿһԽأݺյľ飬ҪȥŮ˽棬ԽСԽֲǺܿµģվϣﻹ̲סֹġ
ֹģҲʲôûѵ㿴һ
յҲʺ֮棬ҲΪӦ
һѾߣҸүվţţ쾭尡
㡭
Ŀһţǰһ󼱾͡
ȹˣæúúãǻʺ˰ɡ
Ǻ޳⣡ŭĵһۣ⻬ľ΢΢һеľһ
ۣǱﰡﰵԱţһ䣬û˰ơ
Լûô
ƺòᣬƿָԼ˴뱭
ô³ϧҵưհһ̾Ʒһڣûٸ飬ʵ˼̸ֹô
žƱڰϣһƽŭ⹤ֳ̾һְԹԣϾǰһݴʷڵģĿǰ⹤̾־ֳûʲôʵȨ
ԵͷѾԤϵˣô˵أ
ȥ˼ګ̸̸
һ㶣漴Ҳ߯˰ɣʲôơ
飬ֻޱȳ죬ЦҶ⹤̾ҲǺ˽⣬ȥͣǸô
һֱۣӽеľƣһԼһģҪ࣬ʲôƸ񣬷Ҳûͣ
һĨЦ⣬ͻȻʲôƵãм£̸̸
ʵʲô£
ǹڷ̵ġ
С
չϵĻش


1979 ǹϵ
£ҿɶû˵
̵֪Ҫ˵ʲô޷ǾһЩŻߣ˰
ü˼Ƭ̣ͷµòΪ㵱ڷЩϸ񡣡
Ǽ˷̵һŻߣ˰ǷǳܣֻʱձȽǿƣ°նհһֱֵ֧ϵҲոһˣʱˣֻٶȳɽڻУ´󹦣ֻ˵ϣ̵ָܹ͢Żߡ
Цʺ֪ܶķɶ֧ģЩпɶǳصģó͢ǵĸϵŻݣ볯дԹ󹴽ȥңӶ沢յأᣬ˰չҵҪľԴ˶ȥУǵʱ˭˾أȫǾȡһʼˡ
ҲֻһС˶ѡ
յһС֣վ˵ˣϾ˭Ҫ̣ҲԣֻҪˣھϣҲһ߰бµĻԼ취׬Ǯƾʲôͷܹ׬ǮҶǷܶģֲƽģӰ쵽ܶˡ
Ƿ˼룬ǷǳģҽƽȣڴؾУŮ˳ɷҪף˭ҪλҪģⷽܵһĽͣ˼ǲ֧ҵġ
ȨĹϵȻҲǳ˽ģȷʵŷǳܵĹϵֻҪúãȷԵõ࣬ҵȻףаҵķչϾСģҪһ㣬˵Ψһѡ񣬶㲻Ƿ̵Ψһѡ㲻Ķ⡣
ҵȻֻ֪һ㣬ȴܵõİⲻҲһô
յüţһͻȻʵǲͻģҲҪߣþķʽ̣ȵʺĲʼдĲƸȥ̣ĺôȻ㣬ܹǣеǣǮƣ֡
˼ΣأҡֻΪ֮ƣ޷ﵽҪЧΨߣ̳Ϊҳ̣˲ܹ㹻ҵ֧֡
ƳΪ̣ҪλͿ϶ӵ̣ѡ
ҡͷС
üһ壬ΪΣ
յɵ̫ǿô϶Ҳѹˡ˵ȤĿǻʺȫˣǽδУʴı·
Ŀ˼£ȻǣֻǾһŮҪϻλҪʮٱŬͰٱ֧֣ڲӦĻǾ͵û˵
ŮǲöԸЦҵļƻУκνɶûУҲԼļƻ㣬Ҷ̫á
Ǿ˰ɡƱǳһڣĿ˸ţڼʲô
̵֪ŻߣǳֵɣҪܹӡ˰ܺõִУǺտԴѹ̣ӦһɿԾܾҴҲ֧ģΪȷʵչĺܺãҲվʵڲӦҲΪ
Ÿ߽űϰԵζţҲڼʲô
ƣҪҡôͻȻʵ
һЦǷǳҪֻ뵽߽ű֮˳һ׶ΪֱӺȾƻԵøţ˲øã˵ҲǱӣưûʲô𡣡
ÿЦǰţΪ׳ۣһ˻ܰѳֲסÿһ˾˴ˣֻ΢ۡ
öԶ˲һòֹסЦ⣬漴
յԴԱɣϾ뷽跨ԼøһЩ
Աһһûз֡
ЦЦ˻Ȼ⻰Ǻ˵ģȷʵкܳһʱ䴦ԱС
䲻ʵص赸Ҳ̵İɣ
һ㶣ͻȻ
ЦȻشҡ
һҵʱҲǱ޼ɸƵģұЩʲôŻҡ
ʲôƵͷϡۣⲻҲôҸ¸飬ΨеʧȥµΣҲŻᱻˡ
մĸܵһ˿⣬룬ѾȥôãΪҪˣʵʺ󲻻ָ·ì˰ɡ
һۣĬ̾ǵûУֻǡֻǰɿһֵ赸Ӧ潻£Ȼ¶滹˵棬Ŀ¶ĵɫ
еñʧǳΣ֮ǰμֻһˣﵱȻкµĳɷ֣óں󹬿ɾɣҲûȥˣֻҪ֤ЩҶԻʺ֮λ֮ľˣ˭˴ģͻԷƴûأյĵλƴġ
ƽΪ֮ЩСС⣬ŲԴ˸еκΣˣǾͲǸǸô򵥣һǳҵģΪʤߣȻñֳһվ֡
һʲô
յҲ赸Ժͱ
ЦҡҡͷȻѾ±ǰӣǱҲģΪվұƵ뿪µġ
ѾΪǷ޼һĨ˺ۣ֪ҵĿǰ᲻ͷȥײǽǸǸû뵽һ㡣
׼ջʱһƬϸ壬ͷһֿĿ
һҲ֪ʲô赸Եߵ
赸ˣֻṩһѣվˡ
˵һ֮վ˺һۣȻںյ˵еǳʲô˵ˡ
м䡣
ЦȻ㿴裬Ӧ֪
ͷִںյļϡ
ƫͷһЦʵһַǳš裬ô¡˵䣬Ѿŵ䡣
΢΢һյ֣ûо֮⣬񾭣Է
շǳרҵýŮ裬ʵһֵ顣
ʱ֮
޵ʺʴӱôһܹ졣
ʵأ
յʵĻǺ࣬ҲǺܿˡ
һĨ죬ҲһҶ˽⣬ܹ裬Ѿ޷ġ
Ƶ˵ҺܲôҵʱڰҪǳ޼ںңһȥˡ
һЦҪƭңʵʱصģǳΣ棬ûƻҸµĸ飬ܾͲôչʱǨԵ㣬ôһ
ڡʧȥ֮󣬲Ŷϧ͡òõġԶԣοʧȥ棬ҵڶûеõ棬ζԣǿ̹ĵģҪ˵βҲǲܵģαϾҲһĵ֮ɽҪΪ󣬲Ϊ飬ȻҲأȴΪ顣
нգҪƾεĸ飬ԣ˺Ƿǳġ
ձؾʺʱܹЦ̸棬ǷĲ٣֤ǵԽˡ
ܹƻθĸ飬ǷǳģĴΪλǷǳǳڸ飬ͲΨһѡ
ĴڶǶԣʼһΣĻ𣿡
յΪɱأ
ۣҪôҲе⡣͸һ˿ڴ
̾˿ҷģĲ֪ȥ򣬵ҽųȥҾѾʧȥĿƣԼΪԵǱ£ңҲѡԼԼȻѡ뿪ʹپУͼĵĻ
üһ壬Ļ㲻Ҫǣ֪ʵݵģ֮⣬гǳӻڳУһûг뿪УңǳɱģĳǸͽʼղΪøģһǲܲ
ԣü
￴һۣͻȻЦ涯ģ̶º֣Ҫһ˵ͨ
һЦ˵Ҹĸ飬ͻҸ㡣
ﲻһ죬һݵϳڸ̸£Ϊ棬ǲ˿Ĵ⣬ʼվƿأƻһǳصʧ󣬽
ռƽһֵһᾡȥҳٱ֤֣һһҡ
Եͷ֪ղĴڣǷǳģһ㺫ӦҲ֪ģͻȻͣվɣЩˡ
ռ㺹죬պԵøӽ޶ˣǳʿĵͷͻȻЦ
㵵ʲô
յʺ֮Ҵ̽ĻҼȷģ¶˲ʵ
۲תЦҿɲĵٸĿмдż⡣
һ㶣һЦϵƱݸһףʺԴ
ӹƱ뺫£Цһӣ벻ƶѡ˵꣬һϾȾüֽŮĺ
Ҳֻˣһ
ƾ֮󣬶Ҳ̸һЩķ£ǽ̸һЩ޹ؽҪ£Ц
ֱʱ֣˲뿪լԺ


1980 ʹ
ȥǵڷлҵ£Ǳߺܿ׼ˣϾӡǮôԽܣǶڻȽϿĹԡ
ͬʱ͢ʽ䲼µýͨҲ˵ȡüʻʸ֤ܹݳºʽִС
¶˰ռĹע
Ҷڳ͢Ҫлң֧ǷǳߵģΪȷʵȽȱҪΪ̫죬ǽӣǰСũõ£СũöڻҵǷǳ͵ģϺһ£óڽϷϽܶҶˣϾõõһչеĻҶã͸Ӳ˵ҳ͢Ǯô̫ԭƻ̾ͻʵһʷ
ڵǷ棬ǷǳٵģΪƶȱȽƵģǳͭ͢ѺСԪУҴͬʱǡʿǶලɷ涨ģûͨҾ޷С
ǶϢǰ᲻һ
С磬װ
һϢ̾ʹȥҺգ֪ոմӹõͼգֻѽ̾ͳȥ޲ýո˵ڵء
Цʵʲôף
ֵǼʻʸ֤һѽ͢һŪﻹȥ
ȥһ꣬׬ˣ͢ſ֮еĶǳɱӣҪƳĻ϶
΢΢Ц񰲾ֵȥģҶѾ䲼ˣǰĪ
ֱּţС磬ɵðѽ
һǻµʱô͢һЩøĳõѵ´ôҲֳ͢͢Ҳǵ÷ǳ꣬ӹʦѵңΪô㳵еǰǷǳõġ
Ƶôʲôô
յ뿴͢䲼ôһ̾ͻΪһְҵһְҵͻ̶ΪһƣֻҪˣɲĿռҪöˡ
գգۣС磬ܷ˵һ㰡
յɵѽڽ˵ģûģĽУ㿴˼ֱ֮ӳְҵ̣һټǮ׬öˬ
ֵ·ô
ôܰ
Цҵгǳд
ֶʱһƺʲô
ЦǴǳ˴ģ˵ͷתߣǻõݷãʱһǸöˬѽֲʵʣҪĻһı֤ǶЩ̶ԣһ°
ѽôû뵽
˷ܵһƣһЦлСָ㣬лСָ㡣
յһ㣬ѵ
ֵһ뺫Сģһֵ֧ġ
ã󷽣Ҳɹһؼԭ򣬲Ǯһʲô¶ϸ㣬ȻϸҲǮ󷽳ɹԭ
ˣһе㣬һˡ
Сߡ
ֱȥԼõĺ档
ֻһˣãޱ飬Ҳ˶ǷƵãھΡ

ˣ
ˣæվ
Цŵͷ˵ţɳǰ
һԵϡ
ЦûʱҪ㡣Ŷ̷ǱϢ𣿡
ǽеķǳ˳ǴƵƷެЩūǵϲ
յͷ»ѾȥˣެЩūûô
£ҲǺ̷˵ǱȽ̫ƽֻЩСģĳͻڲ֮䣬Ҳͦġ
оͺã
ЦŵͷͻȻʵ̷£ӦöһЩ̾ʿаɡ
ͷ
յãһзҩǻûùϾҴ̫ƽʢûʲôսϣ̷ǽЩҩȥެǱԡ
ⲻʲô⡣
ܺã
ЦŵͷҲԽǷǳ侲˵ҲǹžһЩʱգúһ£գһ˽ҩģʱһҪҩ÷
֪ˡͷ̷ֵһת涫
յʲô
ǵļƻûйϵġ̷һެūе֪ެвȥóףȻһֱóȥҪ಻١
ҲǺ
ճü˼Σ֪ˣ̷Ǳ߶עһ¡
ͷ
ʱȻô
յʲô£
ˡ

ǵʱѾˡ
΢μ¡
񡣡
ȵ֮ε޼ٶλΪެǱ߸ոմϢѾ»޵ĴʹǴƣѾ·ϣձ㵽ﳤĿҪٶҴƺס˵˶٣ֵϢƣ»ĳϤ̳λȨӦû»޼ʹɼǶڴ˴γʹǷǳӣҲӦԴ
յΪҪǻɸΪ񲯣
εͷΪܣ»һۣ⼸ӣɲ»޵׳־»ҲެҴƵһЩԹһǳõ
Сʵ֪µ˼ǣ
ԵЩԥһŵʵҴƺͽģ޵ΪǿԴӦģǰǱ¹Ȼв
ڹȥһУڶެģҪΪެҰģǸԣȫǴڰȫǣǾԣެʵûʲôռļֵެ˿ֶָ࣬ߣƶ񤣬Ҳ˵ҪȫެҪǳ޴ĹԹܿأܻἫӴƵĸ¹Ȼ벻ʧ¹ȻһʧެΣУ˿ԭϵսԼֵ̫Ҫˡ
ϳΪެܲӦģϾѾͳһ˸ԭľ󲿷ֵ˵ʣ¹Ȼˣ¹ȻǷǳҪެҲǷǳҪġ
ҡҡͷҿһЩެ붼Ϊ¹Ȼ⣬عںҲ޴̸𡣡
ü˼ΣԣܹܹܵǵȻõģ֮ĲޣΣҲܳ¹Ȼľӡ
ü⣬Ҳһ£ެԸ⳷¹Ȼ᲻Ҫǳ
յһ㻹·ģݳ֪¹Ȼ·ǳڵǵıܹڳַչáެҲܻȫΪǱ߻һެǲܷģֱ¹Ȼĵ̣ʴެһЩġ޳ɺףΪ׳˸Ҵƴ֮⣬ʲôôûУǾٳҴƵ۹̸УԵҪ棬ֻҪ˫⣬ŻֺͽĿܣκιҶΪһŮˣ档
εͷҲãôǿʢ̸׵ĻЩ裬֮ԣ⣬ʱ޻岻ʣȥ̸̸£һ棬̸£ˡ
ǵʮ㰡
յ΢


1981 ⽻
Ȼûȷ̬̬ʵǷǳȷģҲ˵ެǴгģƽͣǾ͸̸ָ»һöһЩ⽻ԣǾûʲô̸ġ
ϾǣҲʣެôһҪ֣ҪҲǰհǰ˺
ô
ǵʵ
̾˿Ҳ»ĻֻҪ׼һḻдɣûʲô̸ģϾҶ֪֪ס»Ҳȫެ߾Ͳᷢκθı䣬ԣһתû̸֮ǰҲֻǿܶѡެǻųģ˾ΪǷǽأ
üϷȻһݣެǳг⣬ҲûɶެЩ󳼲ӦҲӦڰĺƽչķǳãóȻެս¸Ƕóеǳķա
ެĹԶԶҪʤ߾սɱͣؼӵżĵƣʹެʼռĵλҲûλͳ˧˵һܹȡʤҪô׽Ļ񵱳ֱӿˣѡףʱެûެǿʱƾ˲żüáԣެǱƣƾóȻǲս߸ɴˣûа취°սҪǳеηա
յͷ˾ģһضԴģެ⡣
Եͷü͸һ˿ǡ
թ»ޣһ̫õӡ
һţһʳȥʳǣ˼ګ
¹ټ˾ա˼ګȭһ
ҲϽ˼ګеһ
ЦŵͷֵϷ£һˡ
˾ߡ
ȵ뿪֮˼ګյãЩҪ̸̸
ȴ֪ʲô£
˼ګ̾˿ʵҲʲô£ǹõܵġ
յõܣ
˼ֹ
һĵôأ
˼ګȻĽ壬¶ЦݣʵҲûʲô£ֻڹ̾־ֳһְǺ˽⣬ԣ춼£Ҳ֪øʲô֪ǰһݴʷͻȻһЩӦ
յͷĿǰֵ̾ȷûʲô˵һתˣ⹤̾־ֳǾмǿǱ㿴񰲾־ֳǰ񰲾ָûʲôȨĻ˭С񰲾֣񰲾ֲټǿͨʩô¿ɶϵ⡣
˼ګͷΣ֮񰲾ֵȷͬնӱʼѵӪͿɼһߣʵл˰ֵ֣̾ʲôأ
յ֮Ϊĳڽ裬еԿţô϶Ҫ빤ֵ̾ģԺ̱Ǽǣ̵ǼǣȵȣɶҪ̾֡
˼ګֻһЩ֮°
ЦˣЩ֮£ÿеĹϵ̽׼չʱһģЩĳֻ֣µù̷ֵ̾ýԽԽ󡣶塢󳼶ʼҲҲôֻҪƲ֣̾⹤̾־ֳһְһĲ䣬ںܳһʱ乮ڳеĵλ
˵ˣǵ壬ҶûӦġ
˼ګ˼ĵͷ
ֵֻһȨȵʱڣȵ֮󣬹ֵ̾ýὥֳˣҪ㹻ģÿ¶ãһӾ͹ȹȥͲ£Ǹæȣڻ
˼ګЦʱһתģ⹤̾־ֳġ
Цŵͷ
˼ګոձǱ߾ˣ뺫ȥһá
ãֻһ档
΢ʺ󡣡
ɡ
ȵ֮⿴£űټ˾գΪެʹһ°ɣ
յͷ
ʵΪެҴʾõô
ҡҡͷĿǰ˭Ҳ˵Ͼެһˣпܸıߵġ
ެĸҴƺͽ⣬Ӱ쵽ļƻô
ݺյļƻެһսǷǳؼ쵼ެпܵλ
Цʺ뵣ģһսԶֹһսҪ׵Ķ࣬ެ̸δؾǻ£ܹڳԸHԼաңڻʺԣһǳõĻᡣ
ʲô᣿
յʺȻֱӲ˴̸УҪԼڴµ̬ȣǵˣһҪչֳެǿӲ̬ȣެǽ͵ģҲ÷ԣҪެŵģҪެ޶ȵѹƣϧս
һ󣬵ެǽͣǳд󳼿϶޳ɵġ
յͷҪҲô˵ѽΪˣǲµףҲû˻ģǾûµġһ֮ެб䣬ǴҾͻǼԴµģ֤ȼ֮ٱսͿվһӦ𿴾¼䣬Ľżߵ档
ɫһûʵҲŷǳԵĶ̰壬⽻ɵôһ˵ʱͷӦʵʱаջެ
յֻҪϹڵķչެʲô£̴ľǲƸǵʳ㹻άһʮսôެͱذɣΪǿ϶ֲ֧ôõġ
ɲȷʤ
ȴЦȷʤ
һ㶣бĿӺƬ̣ͷҲٶʡ


ڽļգվһֱڴҩһ£ԿǷǳҪģǿصĻڴƶԣһǳĲ䡣
ֻ治֪쳤ҩǲǿأռñж󣬶ж⻯ѧҩƷҪġ
ԺջΪ̷ǶƳһƻʵǱȽϸӵģϾ죬ȵȷöԷҩǻΣңܼ¼ҩЧӦںնԣ治ǺѣΪܶҶô棬ҩŵĹ顣
º󣬳͢ͿʼַлңƳҪڹڷչ˵ެһʲôͣлңǲܲģΪǽеĶ͸Լ˸٣λȥȪׯ԰ȼ١
ֱӡˢ֮Żصɨβ
ʮոմ⣬ެʹž͵ִ˳Ǵ˺ܶܶƽϡ䱦ԾƥϾ׵ģȻöһЩ
ެʹǵĵڶգձһ⽻Աں½Ӽެʹꡣ
ղδ»޸ӣֻϤ
ռʱжʱһֲ̫õĸоΪӢ䲻Ũüۣһ˫ĿǾӢ֪Ѱˡ

һգǰȭһǳ
һﲻôöԸհֹһ꣬أ̾˿£Ѿ֪ˣȻûм棬һʣҶԣʦѽʹʧʦѣǲù
ȴǿļˣͲ»Ϊ»ʵ̫ƻûռʲôˣ»ʱʼǴڷ̬ƣֻסԼ档
ԣ¶֮ɫͳлǹңЩТûչ˺øף¸׸ȾϷ纮
һûѣվͱó˱ˡ
պο䣬£ɫǷǳǸ½岻ʣûӼ㣬ǱѾңһ㡣
ңҡǳϻ̳Ͽ֣ɼ丸һ˵öȺջҪ׼һЩκ¶ȲϴƱµ尲˵΢˶٣¶ɫֻ
յ˵ÿǺһ£
æǴ¡˵ţ̾˿⼸ެƣĦǵĹϵԶɺλڼ䣬ΪУެԸǵˣެڴһֱĻмǵƵİެн֮ެ£ǳϣܹٽ֮ãƱܹȫǡ
ϲ룬ٺҲûˡһ£µʧˡ
ǳĿźգⲻװģ̸û̸ô;ܾˣһ̫õźš
æĪҪᣬ֮Բϣھͺһ½棬ǵĳڡΪȵõϵĻţȻ̸֮£֮˴̸У˫ϵٶȻصʱǰǢֱ˴ˣУôʱϼҲ˳֮£Ѱ˼໥Ҳ˰˵ǲȥЩһֱǵĹϵȱǺףҲĺͽ⣬ΪЩⶼţΪһ¶ʧӣ˵𣿡
ǣ֮ͷֵҴ˴γʹƣϣܹЩ⡣
Ц̫ˣϾЩ˭Ҳûеõʲô˲ƣΪ˵ңԴʹ


1982 
˵ǶԼˡ
һĵͷ鼤ǵɾ˵ˣެˣ˥ңһֱûΪе뷨Щᣬ¹Ȼ𣬲Ǵެ֮ìܡ
˵ʵĳɹ
ֻ»Ȩ֮ެȨ˥΢ĳɹĵλȻԶǰȻĻ»Ҳս
ĳɹ֮ӰѾԺԲơ
ҲûнǳܳŮӷļƻУⷬ˵ǣѡĬԶԣΪ¹Ȼһ棬Ҫǿެĳ⣬ǿƵĳ⣬ǲ˿òΪ¹ȻֱӹغƵĺ棬ǲõġ
ۺգֵެΪҪ¹Ȼ⣬Ҫ˫ޣҼͱԼУܹ߰Ѻ
ʼջǳĬʵǷǳؼģڵϵģǾôأ
ֻܼ˵ǵ뷨ǣ˫ռΪޣǳϺԴǹ¹ȻУҲϣܹϰެ
΢΢һʵެֻެһֱϣϣûбʤİǰ淢ͻ߶д˵ģ̸ʱ򣬴Ҳ̨£»һǳɫ⽻ߣʹôެ⼸ʼǶơ
Ȼެ棬ȻҪϰެУôǷ»⽻ԣҪôެ˺ҪôĲٴȥΪߵĿԱȽϴҪ˺ƲֱӿսˣαЩеûģڿʵǲ֪Ǵٶפ
ϣ˫ܹפ򡣡
ճȴеǳȣҪ֪ެפߵʱжʮ֮࣬ҲһֱʮʿǱͿѣ¹Ȼ뷽ǳѹʵ»꼸ǴǱûлȥǼĴӪģǳ
ֵ⣬ǻϣ¡¶Ҳˡ
ŶһԲĿ
ǿԽ¡¶ǨԭȥߣӶٲҪᡣ
һĨ֮ɫЦ²ֻô򵥰ɡ
ͷҲϣܹͷެΧ
ͷӣѽôûЩ±ƣ⹦ȥˡ
ʵͷӾǺͻ˹̹ڵӡȺӡ
һԵĹԱȽϻ飬ϽںնСͷ򣬾Ǵϱߣһ·ͨãֻǱߵĽһֱģǵȻ˵ǵġ
յͷ˼Ƭ̣𣿡
ȻǻǷǳϣܹެŸĻУԼެѧϰͽ
һЦӹȻǴųҸ˶ڴ˴ν棬ԽڴϣܹΪմƽͷ١ģ޷𸴡
æףǴƱκηԸެԸ߾µķԸ
Цŵͷ𣬵ô͵ˡӣѾϯǱ߳Ա̸
걧ȭлл
롣
롣
ʵҪ̸Ҳ̸Ĳ࣬ؼެûиּۻ۵أ϶ǵߣҪ˵Ļ϶Ǹϯϣ̸õ֮£飬̸̸»ޣյûôȾƣΪ̻ȥ
治Ϊĳ̫һ㣬Ƕû뵽ġ
Ես֮ҲǸеޱȵľȣ⡭ôܣ᲻ʲôı
˾̸֮ǰϣܹõĺôǵԷ㹻ôʱֿʼɹ
ͻȻȷʵıԵĿܲǡ
æʵ˾մ˻
¿ɷ˽ͼϳ˵
̷Ը˽ͼǽϡ
ͼǰ棬ָһ㿴ͷźӵ±ֱͨá
ξȵҲ˵ެã
յֻǽõĻ˵Щǵһͨã߲ߵôαôһ䡣
ͷϳҲΪެܲȥġ˵ţָһռһͨҪҪ壬ôͿֱӵִǰĲ˹ڣҿԳɹƿҴΧެҪ˹Ļó׵Ŀסãǲ㹻ʵ
ԭˡ
εͷѹެ˷ֵг⣬ԭǱšͷӾ˭ģ
ָͼ£ýͷӷΪⶫһΣмڴСһʱѾ̸÷ǳȷԱСɣϱǴɣϳΪ˵ϱһΣһεĻǽһСҴưͼǶһСûκοƣڵصϣެԴȥá
յԣǳϣѾһ򡣡
εǵļֵ󲻴󣿡
üͷ˼Σ񲢲ǻûȥôԶĵطңެڵصǵãҲᱻެ׸ϡǽͲ˵ˡ
ͻȻϺɹ㽫ҪãҲҪǱߣֱӴӺϹȥԶ½·Ҫõöࡣ
ѽԴӺߡ
εͷʵެأ
ǱдʳڣެҪ¡
յެܹƴʳڲ˹ʵҲԳûȥһ
Ҳԣެһ̽·Ͼûʽʳ棬ʳʵʵެɹã᲻ެĹӣ
ެã϶ӣҪõ͵¹Ȼ߽ҲһɵĻԶǴϺ͵ԭϾǱߵĵ·ɲôߡ
շǳ϶棬·ģǵĹٶʼջᱣʮެͶʮ
⻰˵
аڣӦöԴ˷ġԵͷҲ˵ֻҪެţҴΪУǲǵ£δǶҴƶģ
յͷô˵Ǿެһǹǡ
һһ㲻ܲެѾչֳǲӦĻǾͿܻҪսλ䣬ǸӦԣ
ΣϳެôҲǷǳеģϾӹެƾսֻܾˣңǲǣȴпǣֲսĻҲռʲôˣȶסǵĹϵбϱ߷չΪСãʵǷǳ֪ġ
ε˾ΪĻгģ
ͷ֮ĲޣǿҪެפ򣬶Ǳ¹ȻפΪެūʿߣڵصİҲʱװģͬȹģıǶԣǲġ⣬ҪԮ¹ȻҲǵִ¹Ȼı߽ҪѵĶ࣬ôţһ̽ǣҲԱ¹Ȼƽ⡣
ҲҲ޳˾յĽ顣
ۣٿһҪ飬ʱһ¡

ʱ뼸г
ԶеҪ
ެʲôʱô
ԣһЦƾȺĿūǣެԶô
ߵļܲĿ
վڹ㳡м䣬ĿĹˣĿгżУҪⷱƽĴУΨռԭΪԭˡ
ʵΪһӦô
ָǰﲻõ꣬ǿģѰն˸㣬׷ܵսȥƴǵƣǡǡҲǵƣԣǲܾܾҵġ


1983 µƪ£
ڶգʽٿҪҪ飬ެ⽻ɲС£һֱƳΪҪĹϵǴĸı䣬˵Ρİһλ飬Ҫ󳼲룬ƃЩͳ˧ԱĹݼλѧʿԼʺ
˷⽻漰棬񣬲ܲ롣
Ҳϰߡ
ĹЩĳȻǳǿӲʾһҪֹެһףһףýСģǵ˼ǸԤеһެг⣬ͻǸǽͣҪǹġ
ƃЩ佫Ȼ򣬵ǺڲǿսʱΪ̫ԭƻոչǱڿϺڷչҲܺãެǱѾҪǾܾ˼ңҲûʲôɡ
ؼެһθȷʵǷǳ̫гˡ
ҷެ͡
һֱĬͻȻڵ
жʱѻȸҶǳĿ
κʺ˻Ǻ⣿
£ȥެΪѾǣެ˲ҲǱͱӣǿ̣벻̡ңһɽҲݶ㲻ڣҲһΪеģΪǽͣǵˣӦñֶެѹƣܵǵó׷棬һʱǴṩļǷչģǿ֮ȴԣǲϵˣǽڸԭ֮ϡ
Ĺ޸ɲλʱǵĹϵһֱǳã⼸Ϊ»Ϊ˽ƻҰģ»ѾȥެҪı»޵ߣҲǼпܣһǧѷĻᣬóȻܾء
»޼ެ⣬ެ˶һȺҰˣûж飬֪Ϊţܾš
֣ͻȻǲӦĻެ϶ΪҪñǿܻȷˣǷսġ
ǾһսԸҰޣΨнɱܻƽ̸дʹƽҿǲܵġ
һĨ졣
ƃһ˴ͷǵΪʺԣҲ޵
һ˵û֧ҵôƳۺգ˺ܵĪ÷ſ
´ƃ˳ʱˣ̵ʺƃǿɲҪǣ̫ԭƻŸոչϺǱ߻֪ɰܣóȻެսެгͽ£ʱθ¹Ȼ뽻ެԸȥһֱԸġ
εͷѽҲӦĻƱؾͻս¹ȻһΪҪսһ֧һսģҲ޷ΪʲôҪôѾԭвʮŬܾͻḶ޿¾ô»ȥ̸У̸֮һ档
ձȭ΢
Ĺǳһ
鼸أջסû
ɢ֮θճǵͳߵ֪㷽˵ʲô𣿡
òᣬΪǹģȨףΪʱͽڴǷǳģ⣬Ҳٲ٣Ҫ㾡ȫȥެʼղϴƵ棬ֹެţŷϴƵ棬ެҪȥãҲסֲڴƵΧǾȥɡԭ̸ҲúõģһжԤеڽУ﷽Ųôһ죬ͽ佫Ļǿֻкܶ
£檵Ȼ֪˵ʲôʼΪެǾƲŵģֻܽΪ֮ƣܵǳ֮ƣǻҪ취ެ
Ǹ֮²ġ
˵Ϳ첽뿪ˣͲϣԤ£ֻ֪ô£͵ưͣû뵽ﲻûиܲˬ޲ܹ£Ǻеġ
Ȼǰɲô˵ЩڵģΪ쳾ΪǳΣʲôĻѾ˵ˣ˵һأͿ϶еڶأ⣬ڳеѾ飬Ҳô
￴뿪ıӰû˿Ĳ죬лһĨЦ⡣

ƃһ̾Űʷ䡢Ѧʹһɽλʵ޳ɻʺĽ飬ެŰ
Ѧʹˣ˵Ҳеڷչôãֽ׶ެͽ⣬ҴǸģóȻսֻҪսپҲ°ս㿼ǣҲܹġ
ʷʵԭնެûʲôøУнʿҲֻ̣Ļ¹ȻͳΪһսߣ߶ȫչǿ϶뷢սģҪòȫ֧֣ǻ治һӮ
ƃҵȻףȻĻһʼҾͻᷴԡ
ֵһмҲӦƶެӵ飬˵ƽԭɽأҲͶ֣ƫƫǸԭôߣҪȥɱ̫󣬻̫٣ƫƫʱެһͳһȨз̯ҪԶʤڴ򣬾ô򵥡
֮󣬺տʼչΪ̸С
յ̸УմһϵеĻѺЭ
һ㣬ެڴƵķάԭеĽϵެҪգβ⡣
Σެ¹Ȼ߾פܳ򣬶Ʒ治¹Ȼפάԭеפ
Ҳ˫۵Ľ㡣
ެ浱ȻϣͬȹģıǺҲóǳ˵פǷ¹Ȼڣ¹ȻֻĲӣרűŮģެߵפǳ¹ȻһģެūʿҲʿʱԵְҵެ潫صӼٵǴƾԸ⣬ңǱ߻аľ
Ǳٵƽ⡣
ջЭˣǷǳгЭôܹ֤ެ¹Ȼأܼ򵥣ߡ
⣬¡¶ƳֱӸǨԭȥɽΪޣָΧΪƳͷϱ򣬹ެУҲ˺յĽ飬ڵóгΪҲһͨҪ壬ȻƳû͸Ǳȥó׻ǿԹȥġ
о¹Ȼóгٽ߰յĽз棬أ˫һЩؼԭϣҪģҲ˵ֻҪɱȥά˫棬ʵΪά˽Ŷӵ棬ҪǶˣ˽ûʲô壬뻹ҪƵġ
һ㣬Ҷֻ֪кףֻǺܴҪĶ̸ܿˡ
˴̸У˫˷ǳı߽ߣеĨȥ
ʼʱû˭뵽˴ެʹջشĳɹ
ȫʵԿ˵ެƷһҳ
ȻެӡѾٲǻǷǳ֧ЭģϾնֲ̣ǻʵۺ͹ȥܺãҶκεĸı䡣
ƻȥ¹Ȼ룬ެǩһķԼ
ξʮŻȥ¹ȻެǩԼ
ǸµģȣʵѾˡ
ں׵ôڽӼʱ򣬻Ǳʾ˵˫ĹϵѺãǱҪϼףʱͺףŪúŮ˻ƽⲻϴĵλҲԵԼܴ
ެҲûйȡֻҪ͸ƣҲˣߵʱ򣬸ĻԺյĸԣǲܸĻΪެһȷʵôƸܵĳ⣬ͶһҲ޷
Ҫ˵̸УնûôģһֱǷǳɵģ»̸һǽʾ֭»ﶷǶ¡ΪͬˣյļƻѾߵһôެǲǴųģһҪެģⲻµƪ£ֻһͣѡ
ջǽעڲչ֮˽С
Ⱦͼֽ
սһͼֽɣľͼ̸ֽڼ仭ģסҪѡЩȽᡢҳϣʱȽϸߵĹȾ
ɣľͷģЩѾȱ˲š
ǾͺãЦŵͷֵУȵ궬ó׽֮ǿܾͻὫȯͶŵڱͥУڵøϽ׼
ɣľͷͻȻڽϰݣѾͳƳǷһ̫õźš
յʲôźţ
ɣľǰ꣬ǽеĴһֱӣϰȴʼڻ䡣
Բüͷһ壬û˵гʲôϢ
ɣľǽһֱתķǳãǺԤ׵ģҲǸеǳȡ
˼ΣͻȻⲻʲô¡
ɣľĿ
յǽиոտʼҵʱ򣬴ҶǱϢģ񾭼÷չôãһϢѾգմʵڴǮǮһֱصδȱȫСñ˵ܹ֤Ҷʮ겻ʧҵһֱӵȶ룬ôҾͿԺȥ滮ʹãһζֻ֪ǮϾ˭ٶٳ⣬ûǮ˵ڴǮܡȥһ£ڸ̵ӰӦÿԿһЩüĿ
ɣľͷһȥġ
ɣľ̸֮󣬺˳ȥԺС죬֪ԺͼһԺС
ۣô¶أ
վſЦ
ƫĿۺգ¥µû硣
ǻвסЦҡҡͷУҹȥմ֡
ͻȻǰɲὫһ
̾ȻܶˣҲǻеġ
Цһ⻰˵˾úЦ
ҡҡͷһֱƭңƭ㡣
ǵΪβ˵һֱԸҵĻԡ
ЦҲô˵Ҳˡ
ЦȨƹȻ׸ıһˡ
յҲûиı䣬ֻǾƺͬˣ˽ˣ͸㲻ΪǼˣΪ˱ˣҪǱˣǾͲǼˡ
ǳĬ̸̸
Цǳ⡣


1984 ƭ
ǲûѡԺ뺫ս̸Ҳûѡڷڣȥ˷¥ƬС档
ǵ𣿡
Ǳһϣźա
յͷЦȻǵã˵˵һԡ
ЦôǵҶ˵ԡ
£ͻȻԶԶԣǵ̺ۡ
ϣܹΪҽҿһɴԼȡɴҪԵøг⡣˵ű̧ȥ⿪ɴ
£
ͻȻһ̧ҵԸЧ͡
ǷڴĿźա
ǰֱ˿ߵһˣһɴʱһǾ޵ӶʱںǰüԶɽ죬Ϳɰ죬˵ǳ㣬߻Ϊһ˫鶯˫ʤ㾦֮·ܹŮҵǧһչֵ쾡£˶޷һ
Ǻ˾Ҳһ޵һʵ
лǺһЦνһЦǣԵĿźգ㿴ûС
ȻûУԵȻٿһСɱ̫󣬲̸С
һЦɫ֪㵱ʱôģ
յͷܿġ
ǵҲţѵһҲô
ġ㵱ʱ˵棬Ǽ٣ʲôĿģֻҪĻͶңҾ͸еܿġ
ΪΣ
ǺĿźա
Ц¥Ĵ󻨿֮һĹͶһݵʲôɲġʹƭҵģҲ֤бƭļֵ㲻ǳҵǮΪʱܱǮĶ࣬Ҳ˵иڽǮļֵʱֻǳէʲôǣҪⶼֵøˣҾӦǵ֢
ǵĿĬƬ̣Ѱ֪ԼƭһǳȴܹпԼһ棬ɹԭ򡣡
ǵǡҡҡͷҵĳɹԴҳϡ
鲻ԽһЦ
յġ
ǸڴЦվǰĲңһô˵
յͷǣΪǲ˽ҵҳϣӦ˽ġ
Цһ֪˭ˣ
붼û룬̫ξ
Цҡҡͷ´ˣ
յ˵õڶԡ
ǵΪʲôƶһ̫ξˣǻʺˣˣǱµˣ
յΪڵʱ΢עҵĴûж٣µʱɿңԸ񲻻£Ҳ̫ξʺпܻôǻʺˣ㲻ݺ󣬶ңʱͶ֮ûã̫ξԼҼ档ûв´Ļ̫ξȾ֪ǻʺˣʴ˲Ǳڻ¥⻨¥ǲǰаʺһЩԱǺ㷢ֲֻǰʺ׬˽Ǯ˳軨¥һЩϢûκμֵͻȻ̫ξȤܵˡ
Ц벻㶼µˣҵȷ̫ξˣû뵽ߴôá
û뵽ʵΪ֪ҸʺܻˡʵڸܻʱҲǵ˹ǺͲĹϵΪǡǡǲ壬Ϊ̫˽壬ϵĻյǻһЩǣΪ屾֪֪ףҪǻİϵ˵ע⣬ȻҪǻںﶼԴ˷ǳأܹ÷ǳܣЦɼ㵱ʱ۹Ⲣѡˡ
ǶԴΨпЦ˭뵽Ǹ¥ϰΪҲܹ̫ξģʱ̫ξ
סյδֹ̫ξΪҲô̫ξѡһŮߣûôȣҶԴֻим֮飬ġ
ǵʵ̫ξȥ֮ҲûʲôֵҲ뿪¥뿪С֡ǣ֪УѾǵҵļˣҲ㣬Һܺ棬ǻһֱװ֪վʸס
ЦЦ
ǵ˵öġ
˵õĸԡ
ջǰȥ
ǵģ̫ξѾȥҲİ£ΪҪ󳼣ûƭıҪ
˵䣬Ѿǰ˽
Ǵ㵵ʲôˣ
յ档
棿㶣ͻȻ𾪵Ŀźգ㡭˵ѵʺѾô
һǣ֪ôʵҿװ֪Ȼһֲ浽һҾͲܹ˼֮ĸ顣ϣף⽫Ļᡣ
һ±ƵĲ֪˵ʲô
̾˿Ǳ£ʲô˵Ψ²УΪѾΣҵĺ档㲻Ը⽻ҾֻþһֶΣ㽫ȵʱݹҾ顣ʶ̫ξǷǳҳϵģҲһֱڶҵĳŵû˿Բ̫ξ£ϣܹ̳̫ξ־£ҴƱøǿԼӣҡ
̫ξҪң޻˵ҾʲôΣҵļˣԴвңҸǣһǡڿԷǳȷ㣬ǲϽ˳ҾͻὫҳ״ݻ٣̫ξڳµ
ǼᶼˣգһʲôᣬҶԴǺ֪ġ
պʧҡҡͷתȥ߱Ƿģ볤ҲѣҲẦģһȥԪݵһԱҲҶ̫ξ𡣡
ǿ첽׷ۿˣɫգĲ֪˵ʲô
һƳûʲô̸ġ
԰գʹ˳ȥ
ͣңҲûа취
ֻ΢΢ҡͷû˵
ǿźյıӰίɫʧüĵ֪飬ǹթҵģô֪ǵʱȥĻУһǵˣҲ׷鵽٣һթҵģңĿ϶УҲãҵҪֳʤ


ˣ
ոմǱ߳üԪĵӺԺ߳ϲغ
Ԫĵʵȥʲô
յ˵͵Ųţ
ԪĵһЦò͵ؼҾˡ
ֻץԴļٵģ
ԪĵȻģ»ҲͲңҿĻ
Ȼ⻰Ǽٵģ²ǷǳԣΪһǳͳŮˣԪôһĴ磬ԪôŮˣһżĲͬҲǽõַԭ
պٺһЦǰһ§ԪĵҪҲ㣬ǲܵģϰʮҲȥϼġ
ԪĵһۣЩɿ档
չｲС־õƣҶѾϰˣ㲻Ҫߡ
Ҳϰߡ
ԪĵֱѿҪ˵
յ§˵£Ҳϡƽġ
ܲһЩ
ʲôܲܣһֱǳ㣬˵ϴջͶ䡣
ԪĵֻһЦɫϺǱ߸ոմϢʱѾɹڷŹ½ڵ½սУ˷Ź
վϲģ
ԪĵͷһźݸգԪܵױš
ոϽӹһд˵һ´սľǰһսУԪ˳ļ˷Źˮʦ֮Ԫһ뽻ֺԮҲ̸ϵ
ԪҲûеȶµˮʦΪƽΪսĹؼ˶࣬ӵе֪·ݣǵĲڣ̵ǰŹ
ǽɵ棬׷ŹĺߣӶڻʮСһ̲ϵ½ʮǡǡʤĹؼ
սǷǳ򵥣սʱʮӲһƬɭɱ˳Źʱܡ
Ȼû˵ΪʲôʮܹԷܣǺҲµԭ򣬼˵ʵѹơ
ʵҲˣΪǰһսУƽٷ֣ŹȻȽϱ뺷̶ʵ̫һ㣬ֶǲɵģǵЭ֯Զƾģֻᰴռȶƻ£ֻҪ仯Ǿͻ᲻֪롣
ʵʮɱǼ޵ģڷŹսƻУû˵ɱһڼսŹľӾͲ֪ôֿ
̶Ҫ̫ʵǿֱѹƵģʲôġֻһķΧڲ࣬һǿսʤߵһ̶ʵǷǳ󣬺ô˼ҲһͳһȨұͶ칤գҲǷǳģʿҲȽϸߡŹܶʿǳľͷڴ̣͡սʲôģûС
գͻȻЦ̫ʱˣʡһҪȥĨǡ
Ԫĵġһ
Ŷһʺڴ·ǳأʣҶ֪ش𡣡˵ţԪĵԸе֫ЦԪҵϢȳ͢ĻĿһЩ᲻ڴ͢
ԪĵһЦҲֻ˵ҲͻʺȽϹעǱߡ
֮ҡյͷֵôһĻ͢ϾҪŹԱȥǱߡ
Ԫĵü΢ʵҲһ㣬ΪǰǱһֱԪԱȥˣⶼһЩ̤ʵ֪Ǵ˭ȥԪݡ
Ц㿴ӵĸ׳壬Σ
壿
ԪĵԵúǲ죬ƺ콫˸ˣ漴Ҷڳ˽⣬ȷһѡ
ЦȻһѡΪǳҵ࣬ᰮѧʣȨûаȤģȥĻúдһ£Ǳ߰꣬񣬻ڴ
Ԫĵаó͢Ӧô
պǺǵģеΨһѡ


1985 ⲻЦ
̽ԪǱߵϢϱ͢
ڵ֪֮󣬵ȻǷǳģȻֻǧ֮ĺԭûйĹĵطһƶģҪǻˣǿɾͷǳˣʵӮˣҲûʲôֵýģؼܹԭ档
ٿҪ飬¡
ڷŹ쿪ʤҴԪҵ·ŹӦòʲô⣬ô͢ʵ
ĹЩϳӣ໥˿ûʼմ˲֮սⶼ˷սսôңǾֻ޹ؽҪ£ûôȥ룬ǰôô졣
Ǻģ̵Ϊ͢ӦһЩԱǰȥǱߣô֪ҴƵҲԭǨȥǱߡ
ͷǲ֪ʲôǰȥأ
ճƬ̣ǵҪĿȥǵĻƶȷ棬ǿȥҪ֮Գ͢ӦһλѧʷǳߵĹԱΪĻƹʹȥǱߣңϵĹԱǰЩȥĹԱΪǿԺܺõӦǱߵӳеɹԱǰȥܻˮ
˵ӣΪɵĸ׾ͷǳʺϡ
˻һҽһ㶣·ѾˣӶһ±ơ
ΪΪʲôǼҸգۣ
Ц¹ѧʺƷУԵľ塣ʵ˵ԭĻһӰͬʱϴܳһӣΪʵѡ
ЩǵǼҸѸߡ
˵꣬ձģ͢õչˣƲǱܵģҲǺء
⡭
ԵЩԥʵ̫ͻȻһ㡣
ͻȻҲ޳֮ԡʵڳΪٵĹԱҲԸȥܶĵطԱȥˣΪԼǱȥȻȥǱ֮߱أȥĹԱǷǳвŻģ͢ҲԽ˴λᣬһĹĻᣬҲһŬɳ͢񣬿νһð
յͷȫͬ
Ĺࡢ´Ҳ׷׵ͷһ´ˡ
ʵȥŵĹԱΪܶ඼ܵ裬űȥϵģõһᱻͷв˶ǵѣΪ͢¶ڹעǱߣܹǱãͻ͢ӣʱпܻصģҲǺһܺõĻᣬǱ߿նһ͵ˣһǳõĻᰡ
ȴĬ˺һŵͷʾ޳ɡ
ӼҶͷȻҲ˵ʲôϾǸӶǹԱܾܾ͢ĵΣ㸸ʹ˭ȥʹ
־Ǳߣչ˼ҵۡ
ʵ棬Ѿ涨ķǳŸտʼƶȻǼõġ
ջΪòȡΪΣԱȥ֮ƹĻΪƹ㺺֡񷨡ڹ棬ȸɣ죬ֳһ˵ʵݺطҲ˵ģȽԼãƽ֮ٽƶȣȻͳһɱҲȽϵ͡
ʵѾʵйȡ÷ǳĳɹ
Ҳֳͬ
ӼֻЩģӦòۣҲϲЩ΢ſһЩġ
֮󣬴׼뿪ʱͻȻ
ղȻ
Ĺֻ΢΢ۣ·֪ΪνסƵãϾҺǶԹҲû¶ʲô֮ɫԼĹİȥˡ
ȵߺʵΪʲôǳ壿
յΪ̰ȨƣΪҪģһǿƵĹԱǰȥп˵ĳͻԳΪ׵ĻǱߵķչǷǳġ
˶ѣ
յȻ㲻Ϊ滹ʲôıɣ
˼ȷʵҲ̫ܲʲôıΪˣس࣬ҲκвϲѧʣϲȨǵǣֻǶͻȻóǰȥеЩ档
յ²ˣ֮ǰҲȷΪʵѡ
Եͷ
Ŷм¶ˡͻȻ˵
ʲô£
ծǲǵˡЦǺǵ
ծ£Ӧ˵ǡ
յͷӹİóһͼֽݸѾ֮ƳģһףҲ벻õˡ
ô죬˵֮ߡţӹһһ
һЦվˡ
һһۣ촽š
֮ͶѣͲõлˡ
հڰ֣Ȼȥ
һЦֽĿ䵽ͼϣ͸ϲ֮ɫ

Ǳε֪Ϣ֮ҲǷǳģҲͦעǱߵġֽաٵǵֺϼһȷҪƺͬʱŽֺݡۿڣҲ˵Ҫ׽ֺҲԭΧΪǱֶôຣ˳µĳΪ֮أôֺȻͳΪԭԭʵضĳһֱڱ
ȨԷſһ㣬ɣҲ˵ǱΪǴξûʲô壬ǿԺܺõάζǱߵͳȨҲΪʲôĺһҪԭ
⣬һʤ̣µˮʦûйϵʱ»ûиϵѾӮˡκΪǶ²ȥҲȥˣһͦ׵ģɴͳûǱߵĵ춼ˣֺϵĵҲռЩطһԸ㶨ЩؾͿǳ͢ģ͢ˣҲ֯ǨǱߡ
µʡΪҲЩĳ۵ϵ⣬ѾǻҪ߲ԭҲ֪ƾǱ߸ʲô
ڳ£ȻӦʶûʣΪĹ룬ҪúȥʲôȨȨȸˣ˭ȥҪ֮ȨһҪڳ͢Уͼܸ㹻Ŀռ䣬ֹܷҡ
ʵֻҪ֣˾ͲҪȥ㣬ֻҪ򣬲׼ǵ̴ǵûκμֵ˴ɲǴȥǱ߾סģϣõǱߵԭϡ
ξʽΪƵһĻʹƷٽףרŸƹƵĻ

︮
ӡ

ӸոջصȻλһֱڳ޼ߵϹܼҳڸУϲѣʲôʱģ
Цջá˵ţ̵ջ˵͢үΪĻʹҪȥԪΣô
ӵͷ
ӣүѸߣͱۡ
̾ҲۣǺΪΪʵѡҲͬǹԱô졣ģѾŵһչ˺õģԿġ
Ҳ˵ǺƼүǰȥġ
ӵͷʵǲʲôף
һæûУûУֻЩĶѡĿȴ˸ŵǵĹâ
ӵԭҲһЩģս͹ҾĻʹȷʵͦʺϵġ
ֻĲɵĵͷ
ϡ
⸣볤޼ܻСڣʱֻһλŮ档
ѾʹˣǺƼүȥģزŻǵġϳǵ
ܡܡ
Ůվô֪һŻǵģһҪס
΢΢üܿɲܣǶܶһѣӿǳϣǴӾƲǺյĶ֣һ仰ͽүȥ⣬ĽҲȥǱߣǳҿɾ޷֮գʱôȥү


1986 Ȼƭ
ˣ
𣬰һĳ̱Ϊ°ˡ
ӱĳ֣Ա°ʱǷǳһ£ƺˡ
ɼһܹӰ쵽ܶ෽档
ʱûǿѽ
ճûʳǣһ
Ƭ̣ڼ£ǰ׼ϳ֮ʣͻȻһѾߣźպСո硣
ССո硱ˣǷ¥ˣ¥£Ѿ߶ǽССո硱һһֱûиı
Ѿ߾ǹǵѾߡ
Ӵǻѽ
֪ʵô
Сո磬ǽ㡣
յ
бһָվĿȥֻǱͣһԵͷȥǣҵ
ǡ
ȥ֮󣬺ϵȻԸ򽫳ȥ
һԣϵίַŭ˵㻹һẦ㣿
ȻյͷΪսѾʼˡ
һ㶣ҪĻ
˵꣬ձǸһʱһʱЩϵȷһ߰ɡ
ǵźպһŷ߷߲
ճųԸȥȥ
ͻȻȥϽ
ԲĿһۣԸ㲻˷ҵʱ䡣˵ţַԸȥϽɡ

ĳ
бĿգ㡣
ЦǰʶңңңǵһӵȨˡҪҪǣոҴʲô
ǵ㣬óȥԪݵģ
յҼǵҸкġ
ǼҪţ˲С
յֻԼϢжϡ
ǵܹóһ˿֤ݣ֤УԸл
˷ҵʱ䡣̾˿˵ȥɡ
ա
غ
俴һۣҿɲ󣬻磬˷ôʱ䣬˷ôྫһܹرҾѾ御ˣ㲻Ҫٶˡ
ֱǰǾƬ̣ȥһˣܹΪ֤
յңȥν˽ңĻһ̸
㡭
ÿҪһ㣬ƾʲôһƶС
أ˵ĿǰΨһҪ̸ģʲôʱ˽ң֮⣬Ҳ̸ģ̸˻˸ġ
ⲻ˸飿˵θˡ˸ҵĻ⣬ȭգջɿĲҵ£֪ȥϽȻ͵ġ
⻹ࡣյ

һʱ֮
Ͻ⡣
˫ֱվһϾɵլԺǰ˫Ŀ΢ϣڱ
ߵĹǣĿгŸ໰
һū߳һ˵ˣһ֮⣬ûˡ
δ䣬ͼһ˳ˡ
ϲԭѽǺþò˼ɻã
޳ܣ
һӵ
۹ǣյ廹Ӳʡ
ǾͺãǾͺã˵̾˿̫ξ£ھΣʱҲڳҲ帮Ǹɵ£ҲǺ֪飬ҡ
Ǹ̾˿ףֲ˵ţֵǻǽȥ˵ɡ
롣
롣
ղûзԸЩſڵȺЩȻһ˽ȥ
Ǹֻ΢΢һЦҲûš
һ¡
۹ǣ˵ƺЩ᣿
Ҹеǳǳ
ٿȻվ鼤ߵ̫ξߣǷǳģδǹֹ̫ξһ㶼ûУϾҵʱֻһէСӣҲôĻΪݱˣΪΪûκζԲ̫ξ£ΪֵεģӦٶκλɣ̫ƽˡ
˭סмҡ˭帮촦ڸϳҰΪ̫ξѩޣҲҡ˭óӳΪҪ󳼵ģҡ˭ʺѣ㱻ϣͬҲҡǸʲôұ壬ʱ׼ͱһ̫ҺˣҲҸеǳŭôôأ
һ֮ɫæϢŭ֪඼֪ҲǳмΪ̫ξһУ治֪ģҵʱ̫ξѾ˶ˣҲ֪˵ȥ򡣡
Цһô˵ҶøЩǸ˽ҵģûаգǲôŭġ
̵ⴿһ֮ʣ˲Уôø㡣
շǳʧҡҡͷֿ򸣲ԼѾ御̫ξ֪̫֮ξʱҲһ˰ڲľżǾκвģ˭ҪбµĻֱŪңҺԹԣвҶԣûκЧģյΪֹʲôֶΣʹǣȸˡ
˵ţתߡ
Ȼᡣ
æ
סŲأԱǡ
۹ǣĿл֮ɫ
ΣǸɫѾԽѿĿһϣ̾˿˵ҿԽ˽㣬һ
ջعʲô
Ƿǳɴʺ̫ξʺֻҪ취Ǳ㽫˽㡣
ҡҡͷ̫ξⷬһĿġ
Ǽ̫ξһֱ뽫ʺϳ͢Ҳ̫ξµĳŵ
յˣ̫ξǵǴƵĽɽǱ£ǳңΪ̫ξ֮ԾֻΪ˸һĶҲ̫̫ξˡ
ˡðһ䣬ʺԭѾˮݣΪߵ˽ˣҲᡭ
̾˿Ҳ밡ʱҶѾûʺѣͱʹȫƾ̫ӲŹӦеԭ򡣵˭뵽º̫ͻȻ̻ûʱûʺҾ͵öȥʹҲ룬ҲƱػȨ㳯Ұ˵»Ըһзô̫ξҲԸ·ԼҲ»̫ξ·ûʺĻʺ໥ƺ⣬˶Ա£̫ӣԹҲġ
Ӧ֪ģҼθ̫ξ˵ĿУʼǵһλģҾ˺ºҵ¡ڼǰʺȨŪƣżü鳼Ⱥҳ˺£˺ҵ£ҵȻŹʺĴڣģΪº̫ӶҪң涷ҲһңΪҸʺ˭ȶԶԷ֣һһߵģеӦöסѵΪ̫ξϣұһ㣬ԭǡǡΪ𣿸̫ξãΪ̫ξϣһУ
ԣ˽ⳤ޼ɵģʵ޼ǼȲãҲ뺫̫ãΪ޼ɻƵģҪ˼Щ϶ƴһģջϣƵĽɽԼҺãƣϳ޼ɵ棬ա໥ƺ⣬ͬʱǴȨգû˿ΣĻȨ
⸣ǺģתĿǡ
Աһ۸̸
Եͷչֵǰе֮
ֻԵͷϻŭȻ
̾˿ʧˣ
ǹһȻȥ
źգѾУҪ֪ǣǰаΪ𣿡
պǺЦɵϣȻƭѽֲ񡣡


1987 ǧȨ
յһ仰ͬһشݺݵôڹǵؿϣûȥ
ƭƭҵģ
˫ȭգҽղأ
ЦҵȻǸ㿪ģһ㶼ǹǲ̫ξˣΪǸıƭģԲڱҡ
ǲŵΪŻңóȥϺ㡭Ե̫ξô
ЦǺǵóȥΪķǳʺϣ˶ѡҲӱ֤ܰ࣬ܰ꣬ǱǳãԶûжǳʺ˾סһһǰȥ͢ѡһѧʷǳߵĹԱȥһйͬĻ⣬Ҳеĵġ
ܡƲܡǵ㲻ûһƾݣͻС
ǵȻ
յӦ֪ҵƻ뿪ɲƵģһ̫ξ־ϣܹػйǶԼŵģȻҲ뷨Ҫȷһ㣬ûҵĵУҲˣܻȥݣˣҾͲˡ
ǣһֱûг֣ȻҲпϵĸзգûȥ¶ҶԣʼһұҪԣ֪µģ֮⣬ֻ̫ξ̫ξȻȥˣһֱߣҾ̽һѣû뵽Ҳˡ
̽ôҪɱ˰
ǳӶˣȷʵûа취Ϊ治
վͿ棬һ仰ûʵּҵŪȥϺصĵϣڳҿǴ£ںֻճ΢һС¡
ֱһֽάĿֲ
ͻȻһתڿɾͲŻģ뽫˽ĻһԳеġ
ĿһĨŭɫУûҪЮ㣬㻹ҪЮңͲҴȥô
Цҵľ߹ңǲµģһ£ǾͻɿܣҲģҲ룬ôܸԸҪЮһŻʲô壬ҼȻô˵һе׼
Ϊһǧ̫£ҲƣöΪ±¶ֻܶΨǴӣնҵԱκãҪЮ
ߵҪƭңҪóǾƣΪֻһĸˣҲҸҶһ֡
ҲҲɲƣ߳ʤ㣬㣬Ŷһ˻ϲ̨棬Ӧǣ̫ξڳнʣǱɡҡͷ
ǲŵ߳ʤ㣿
ЦȣһտƲϵϾµ֤ݺ٣úܶ¶ܹ֤º޹ϵΣ㹻Ļټ£ӦûϳԼǺ쳾棬һжȡܼ򵥣Լ棬·һΪºͻʺתڱ¶ԣֱܴ裬˭ݵ
ЩѾǣݣ϶Ҳ֣֣֮֮Ҷ˽⣬ԼҲԸȥˡ󣬳ҿ϶꣬ʺ󷴶ԩѩ֮ûʲôޣȫҪֵֵزʺ档Щؼ߳ʵٵģԣ䱻вһӣҾͲǶһѡʵҲһͽ
ЦֻŻҡ
ȼɫǣںȷĸ㣬ٲ˽ңҾͻԳңԼҵһ֣˵Ȼǻһ·Ǵȥ£ҾԴκЭ
һﲻĿźգĿгŲʺͷŭ
ԭΪһлȸںһԸһľϲһֱ΢ݣŪڹ֮䣬ȴû뵽ᱻɵƽ⣬Ƣ
̾˿ʵҲû䣬ֻʵ̫ˣϷѾģǽ֣̻еǳҪǾڱЩСУ˵ͻȴǿԳе𣬵ͷǲƨɣֻھǣںǡ
ʵҪǼǰտ϶ô˵Ҳûʸ񡣵ڵĻ˵ǣǼϳ޼ɵЩ൳ҲΣϻϹǱQһ£Ͳȫû
Ϊؼǣ¤мҲЩȨߣȫվںߵģǵ;սܵϵһмԳԼȥÿԱڰмŵЩǣźգǵһģʵѾ˹¤ţҲǳ޼ɵŵġΪؼǣһжõķ淢չôΪ˳޼һ˾͵תǹͷһȥԸգ˵ǻǴƵĳӣǳ޼ɵļ͡
ƽʱʱ򣬺˭ĵҲⱻûһȨһˣǲչֳûС
²ȥÿ쵶ն飬ΪףڹУôǵĿļпҪЮȥԸھǷǱΪ飬ܿջȨʵǳ޼һֱΪɵģΪյǿҷҵģܲһ㡣
ǡǡǺΪɵģΪʱƣոĹϵĻԽܣʵǱΪ飬ȵʱ򣬺ǰ˵Щɿܾվסţпܻƴһ
һҪ֮ǰ£Ϊ֪ĵĻǾƲҶģΪûҪڱúܶ£ڹ᳹޼ɵ־
طãǿε˼˼ֻǰиһЩ
ǵ˵õǺ̫˽ĶԸʺܻգң³ɱ˵ûйϵ
յû˵ûйϵǸʺһЩҲǸԼԭҲѾ˵÷ǳûʺмƽ⣬ҾͻᲽ̫ξĺ󳾣ֻһҲͰˣ֪̫ξ·һ̫ξԸҵߣܻᱻƷҵһŬΪӰ˽ΪɥһΣҲֻܻΪ̫ξ𣬶°աȥֻҶĹۣһ˽Ůˡ
һֵٸ˵һףôãÿ㶼˵Լʥһ㣬ǹĸʥλġ
ҡҡͷϣǿ󣬰ոԣǾܹΪʥˣ¼ʥǶȥҲʥˣҲΪʥˣֻҵ룬͸һ
ۣҽ㣬ô
յҪǽ˸ҡ
ǵҪɱڣ
ҡͷⲻԹĵġҪ˵þô࣬ҲΪ㣬Ҳ˵ô࣬ҪǻˣҸô࣬Ϊǲûиּۻ۵ʸ񡣡
ǳĬǿƵĺǳףˣûʲô̸УΪҪգͱѹеһУңմķʽʵ̫ˣ纫ԣǲһȼģǸɵǶһʵģô档
ֻ˵žƵı仯ȥһţϣķչǺճ̫ˣӦʱ䶼ûиǣؼǲƵʱãҲãȻȥƴ˵ͨѽ
ϵطԼȥҰɡ
仰Ǳתȥ
С
̾˿ͻȻȻᡣ
ǻͷ
յϣʱֱҽ¡
ֱӺհΣջǷŭ˳ȥûȥԷǱȥˣһūĬĬøߡ
ճǰʱίˡ
ͷס
лյͷЦ֪̫ξôһֵԼĵˣҲһ¡˵һת֮⳯£ѾǿԸԤˣ̫ξҲǳǲܶ½òԤơҿ㱣֤һڳӵĴ£յҫĻϣܹųȥԪݣꡣ
˫ǵĿӺƬ̣ҵĴӡ
ղ˵꣬㵣ģκ⣬Ҳκ⣬ͺһҪңʲôȻҲôΪҸһֱվͬһߵģͬҪҵҲͲسУΪҪ󳼣ң߻֣СС¬ʦԡһɺѣӦÿԶԴ˷ġ
ĬΣͻȻ˫Ŀһϣͷ̾ҴӦ㣬һͬһȥԪݵġ
ǳ޼ɵˣȻкա޼ּǻۺȨı֪֮ǲϣԭģǺյûжʹɱ֣Ǽ£ⷴźգңϣûȥɺգջ¤ţҴݻһ帮ڣԺʵĻмġ
Ȼ񲻿õʵյĿģ޼ȫ෴ġ

ʱ֡
վһҤǰﷺһ˿Ц벻תתվǻصŪ˰
ˣֻʣһŮˡ
һū˵
һƫͷŮ澣Ҫ˺ǡ
ǡ
԰գձ˽ȥ


1988 ج
սҤ󣬷·˲ص˼ǰ
Ƶ£øʣں·ڵӻǰ棬Űʮ磬ʱĻ䡣͸ʣɼһλŮʯϣŨܺĳ磬һϮѩ׵ȹеӣ˲ҿҲͣס˽Ų
ˣ
󣬵ȴǳö
ջعǰȥ΢΢ЦƺԴ˲е⡣
֪Ķ֡
˵䣬ѾʯǰŮҲе̧ͷĿ̹Ȼû˿Ŀ־壬Ҳû˿ŮӼʤѩѪɫ综һ㣬ȴѿʻΪһ壬˿伸޵òӺݻʣ˲ɱӡ
Ů档
պȻ齵һߣ·ûһ˿İ͸صԼƵãЦҲ˵Ѿ֪ջǻ
ͷ¶İˡ
ֻ·𾭹һϴ񣬱øӳ죬ͬʱҲø޶ˣͻȻʵΪʲô
ɻĿ
ʼûмǴĻǵļƻӦչģ֪㵱ʱѾ¶ģɹͽߣΪʲôҪͻȻѡ뿪
ֱЦʵΪܹ»صй
ⲻһ˵һģҲһƭġҡҡͷһתﵱӸҵ³Ҳ϶Լܹϻʺڱôǿ󡣰˭·һ߳ģȽطеɣ㲻Ƿǳô
Ĭã¶һĨЦʵΪҸúô
Щ±ƣҼǵúһֱ˵޲ýʬΡϲͬ˵ܹô룬ڷò⡣
ԳһЦԭȵȷôΪģǡǵټºʱͻȻ֡ʵҵĲǱ¡
룬˵еŮֻϲŮˡ
¶ɬЦݡ
ֵ㷢޵Ǳ£ѡ뿪
ҡҡͷ뿪ԭ򣬲ΪޣΪҷʵҲϲ£ֻΪҵɷӦҵģҵɷҵһ뷨Ҫ͸һ˶İȹһ
գգۣҵû
һЦֵҲޱ£ңȻģΪʵδʵʱҸͲʲôǰֻΪӦǻʺ󡣶һμ֮еǳ£ΪҲǻһ֣ѧѧ˲Թɫѧ˺˿ģܹΪң뵱Ļʺַ͸ΪҷһǷǳ̣ҲҸеǳġվڱ濴ʱҲŷ˰ѪȣŻԺۻ࣬ǲô꣬һȷǳҪȥҾȥģҪ뿪ֻϧջǹһ񡣡
˵ա
յͷȷ˸еǳźҲ㿴ôమС˵Ͳ
һü˼Σˣϣġ
ʵ˻
ҡҡͷҲ֪Ӻ˵𣬵һֱһָоʵ̫ξҲκˣֻԼô֪̫ܲһȴδһ㣬Ҳδңν⻤ֿɴҲϣҳɹҲףֻϣҳˮȻٴлˮ㡣
ճĬ
Ц˵أ
ЦЦһΪĵӣǵˣ㻹Ҹеǳʧ˵ܶ飬ŮһҪѧװͿͿŮ˲õ˵ϲֻлװͿŮ˲ŻϲŻᱣ֤Լܵ˺㲢ûѧᣬ㲻عȷġ
ͻȻЦ
յЦô
˼ţһŵֻѵҵ𵱳ұѵ龰÷ǳЦ˵ţգٸһҩɡ
üͷĬʵΪʲôΪɱڵģ
ǳ̹ȻЦΪ˻鷳֮⣬κüֵҿһڳҵҪܾͲô׼ҡҲ㣬ΪѾһλᣬԼûаסֻ˵һжעġ
ճĬã̾һܹòˣʵҲ롭
˵꣬ͻȻǰ׾֣ɡ
һֳۣĬһŻӻͳһСƿеһɫҩ裬ʵ㲻Ұɣ
ҡͷ
лҲǡֹ
Щͷҡ
տЦһҩ˹ȥֶҩκʹ࣬˾Լֻ˯ˣ
Ҳ֪ûֻҩƬ̣ȻУȥû˿ԥǳȻ·Ѿ׼
һ㻹аʱʲôԸԸңһȥɵġ
Ƭ̣ĸ㣬ϧδԸ
յһġ
ҡҡͷɫȻ˵ǣϣܹĸһ𣬿ϧ롭
һҲʲô⣬ҿԽڱУȥĸǵǺԴŵ²Ҳͻ¹Ȼġ
һĨϲɫлл㡣
յ֮͡𣿡
˺һȻĪܳһ˿ܷٽѵҼ䣿
մ㵵ʲô˼
յĺǸˣһ뵽ԼϾҪˣʲô˵ģǵһУΪֵʱһСʱڸĸߵǶ£Ǿ̡߶ѵ
մľ·Լһ㣬һ㣬ҵǷǳ⣬ڶ㣬û⣬ô㣬㣬㻹е֣
ҵʱȻ÷ǳߣ޲ͬھǿҲΪһ˵ʱȻûɣϲŭ֣ҲҪ˼ʲôޱޣЦЦѾٻصĸԣԡ˵棬һûдϻ䣬ֱӵ£һӰ
˼ôһ˵ҵ㼸䣬һôãҵĵһԭûѧᣬҶԴǸеǳʧ
ʲôһԭ򣿡
ŬĻѽյܹŲҪģʲôУʲôûУ˵öѲһ⣬Ѱ㷽Ŷң¶ҩ̫ʧˡ
ʵ㣬Ӧô
ȻᡣյŶҵвôһԭҵȻԸ
ˣ㻹㣿ⲻǳϷŪô
յҲӦΪԼΪԼͬѽͷҪģǱɣģôͻһҪǻҵĻ͹ˡ
ӵôˣȻ¹ģ˼˵ֱ׳
㶮ƨյΪҵ޶ˣǾʧȥɷ͸ףӦ÷ǳǶôʹôôǣ˵¹㱼û⣬ֻҪԷԸһ¹ĻᣬʲôͳͳԸǺŲҲп֮ô
΢΢һѽ㻹޶ҡʲôûˡǰˡ
ľɵҲǽָ棬ôʲôûأ
ʲô
㻹Լյÿ˶ӦϧԼⲻʲô˽ԼϧԼǱϧ㣬ҲΪ˭ΪԼô׵˺Լأ˺Լֻú˸е֣ð˸еʹ࣬ô򵥵ĵ㶼ף㵽棬ɱ˵ҵͽܣĪҪҿҲҪȥġ
úЦ֪㲻Ĺҵģֺαͽ֮
յɱѵͲ֪Ҳᱻɱôɼ硣
汻ͨ죬̲סűأ
ҲҲҡָҵȻǿֻһ¹һ㱼Ҳܵġǣʱʲôͻ¼ԸǵˣôأҽӵȥĸԶžۣδػܻҡĸߣҲӦԼ߹ȥǽԼŪȻ˽͹ȥ
ûзκθı䣬͸ǰһ汻ƿԡ
նһڣ֪Լʲôô
ãȻҡͷһ̣ƺѾԼ˶ҩڸն档
յȻ·ɫջҸҩǿˣ˵ô࣬˵ѽӣʱɲѽϾҪˣøϽѽ
㶰Σ˹ȥŭ쵰
ƺѾϵ˫һһ̣ŵһߣ棬ҡͷ̾˵ǽɣֲûм壬һˣ治ǹġܾܹ֮ô׬㶼Т˳Ҹ˵ⶫǾֵǮģϴϴһú
ûôĻöҪȱˣָźǴδ޳֮ˡ
һ̧ţ˵£·Ҿ͸ҩ᲻ѣ
ȥҧһһٵ
ۣ⡭̫ˡЦһΪ⽫ѵõңҾͲô
ȣʲô˼һ㶣ͻȻӦθһ󷭹Ķ³ͬʱһ亹ѽǶҩѾ£Ψһİ취ǡգңձͬھ
ǵյʱֻһѣʹ㾢Ͷͱһ㣬ĵںջ
§סĿһ̾


1989 ̹
գǲǿҪأ
ںջϵŭʱ޾顣
յͷע죬׻û˵
źգһᣬͻȻ¶ŨŨˣȴ¶һĨĵ΢ЦҲ֪ģǿġͻȻ̧ḧźյὫȥĸô
ͷ
ĸмĿһۣƤܿƵ׹ǳŬۣźգаԽŨǱһĨĵЦҲԽŪŨңĵЦĵύ֯һǳˣϧ
ռŬۣԼֻʲôڴ飬֣ۿҲʪˡ
΢΢һЦĺ˫Ŀһ۽ǻȥ
մĿðΣȻһ̾


Ҳ֪ȥã滺ֻۣǰһƬģȻһ
ʮ֮ǰҲʶ㣬㲻ңǻһһİң߹ϤĽͷʮ֮ѣʺֻᣬҲҲӵɣΪѡ

һͻȻ͵ֻһȪ棬˫ſڳرϣ΢΢ҡͷš
û
ʶ
ջعͷЦˣ
ô£Ϊʲôû
ЦЦƬ̣ŵΪȥģǶҩǽҩ
ҩ
㵵
Ҳ֪ԼųԵ⣬϶ǶҩҩǸʲô⣿
յΪ»һԣƭңҹһҩ㣬㵱ʱԣΪʹҾ㣬˿̿϶Ѿһʬ壬㲢ûУ㻹š
ĿһʱȻ򣬵ͬʱζӳ£Ҳ֪ӦÿģӦġ
տһۣǸƭ̫ˣҲ»⵽ӦκҶС֮ȥȾ֮
ͻȻһЦҲ㣬Ϊ֤ʵɱңɱңͲô¡
㶣΢΢¶ЦֽͷƫȥĿȪðŵ
ҲϳһͻȻֻͷһЩΣһַʯϣúðΣŽͷлԣ˫ȷУ˿ȹƯˮ棬ڸסһ˫ԸСȡ
ι˵Ů裬һԾͽĳǲͦòģ
бĿ棬һĵ
Ŀһɣ쵰
յҪǻ쵰Ļͽˡ
һ죬æɱˣֻġ
շŰ۵ҪʲôĻҷŶʲô㶼֪ģŵȵô
Ʋ죬ͻȻƫͷʵΪʲôɱң
Цܼ򵥣Ϊɱ˷Ҳ¡
㶵Ƭ̣һЦԸ˵ҲͰˡ
ճĬ
Ƭ̣ȫû˵˼һʵôңȨ֪ɣ
ղʵϣôأ
һЦֻڲϣ񣬲Ҫ
ԽԽˡ
һȴһ˿ζ
ճĬ뿪
һģ
һ
治ŵʵΪʲô
ղʵ㻹ǵ¹ڣô
һһ
̾˿һ̣Ѿˣѡӱ뿪һҲ֤ǲٸұϵǺ쳾һûгޣûıûзŭɺͿֵŮˣǸ֪ԹԹʼջӰӣΪű뱻쳾Զ
΢΢һоһ˿ͻȻĿĹˣǺ쳾ĵط˵쳾
ЦÿӤ̥浮ǳ֮󣬶ٻȥˡ˵ͻȻתſڳرߣ棬ȥ߰ɣ㽫øֵļ䣬һŮˣ棬Ǻ쳾ҲΨˣʱǲƽȡɵĽ
кĿǡǻټ𣿡
ЦĻǾͲټ棬ڶӦͬʱϣǺ쳾ĻΪʲôټء
ǡ
Цңò˶ãܹԺ쳾֮ڽϣΪҴ׷ġ
Ƭ̣Цŵ˵ͷЦųΡ
ֵһᰲ˱㣬ֱһܹĻصѾߣʱһߡ
һŵΪʲô
յΪҲ֪Ϊʲôܹҵ㣬ʱߵֻ
̵ǲᱳҵġ
յǰҲһɱô
浱ƿԡ
ֵģֻ΢̽һǣ˺ǵģȵȷûб㣬һǹȥģ֪Ҫǡ
лл˸ŸмỨ
Цл˻ףҲ׵ģôթһˣôֺܻõ¡
һЦ뵽Ҫ뿪һѹȻӻ˫Ŀźգḧźյӣգںյ촽ϣ£źգټʱҪŮˡ
ԭΪϣûʲôֵǵںջһϢʱͻȻԼôģԭͽߣһ̣ú뿪ȣߺգǶôĲջסˣΪͬʱҲֻ֪˺ˣһɲǣ᳦ת
ͬʱҲԼĵĸܣ˺ա
Ҳոʹ࣬ҪģʱһֱǺߣ߹ǶΪѵʱ̣˵ԣΪ̹ĵġ
ȻѾһص֪ЩЩ£ȥȡĻܾˡ
Цʱ˵ɣ˱ȽϲŮ˭֪»ؼʱ㻹᲻ˡ
潿һЦˮҲ֮һͻȻǰȥһλˡ
ʵ˭
档
գգۣЦӦõġܻܲرһ£Ҫԡˡ
ҲҪȥѡһЦ˫ȴˮ˻
մʪȹһ˫ϡ
׼͵Ŷ
ͬ
漴˳ĬһͬʱЦ
һ˶ѣǻһ֮ƷԷ̣Ũܵ㷢һ׹裬¶˼ž¡޵µӸչֵ쾡ôʵ˵ȱԣôô̳һ㡣
°ȹһһ˿ԸУԷ̣µ͹Ե쾡¡
ÿô
մĿԼЦ
һջ
ԲĿһۡ
˱öУȥɽϣ·ժһЩҰ¹ڣ棬һزͬǣ˶ֻǾĿĹǰж¶ͬ
վúһͻȻȥ⸽
ͷ
ֽ¹⣬ɽСǰȥȻŶһЩ޹ؽҪ֮£ȴޱȣˣɽЪϢһ˯һּš
֪УѾ¶ɫһ紵
΢΢£ƾЩ䣬ܿ죬ůϮ΢΢͵͵ۺգ͵͵ܳһ˿ҸЦ⣬˫Ŀ
ⲻ֪նֻмˣ޶ˣȻĶ
һͻȻգǲǸ뿪أ
룬ҡҡͷӦò˵뿪Ӧ˵ΪԽԶǷԽ
Ż¶мɫ
ʵԺյҪⲻʲô£Ļֻ棬еһöӣҲ˵ǴһöӡȴʧȥһɺͿ֣ʱʱ̶ָ̿⡣뿪㲻棬Ǻ쳾Ϊ쳾ɵġ
ѾձףǺʼûӦΪʼΪǰ飬飬ӦɡƽȵϣΪĽŻ֡ȻĶݣʼյǶм䣬ĸ飬Զܸ¡Ԫĵѩ˶ĸȵġ
˶ȻЩƣǳ˶ϾʵǾ̫̫һַǳԵ֣նڳ˶İǿ̹ĵģҳ˶ӲΪԼ˼뻹Ƿǳɵģʴ˺ϣܹɣֻɣΪһͨŮˣܹӵһŮӦӵеĿֺҸ
еĽ˿ȸԶͬϲ
Ҳǳһ㣬ʵҲɣҲǳİһУʵסڹҲûʲôǲܻðģںѡ뿪Ǹж͸м
ˣʹ㲻ᣬҲѡ뿪纫ԣߵԽԶǶ˵ĹϵԽ
֮󣬺Ǽƣֳء
ЩūƲСҰһ㣬ȥֻǰվߣȺķԸ
ȥϽլԺ
˵꣬ձϵ
һŮˣȥ


1990 Եĺ
һδߣ
ǵԷԴĹǣʵ
̧ͷֱźգһɣʵأ
յ˵ͷ
ʵ֪δģ
Ȥʵûɱڣ
ûУ
ǹϵ
պʵΪʲô
һЦҪɱͲԣɲʲô¡㵱ȴô׵ľͷ뿪ˣ֤ʵǲɱģ㽫Լȥ޷ҲֻΪ֤һ¡
ЦŹ˵ȥ
ǵϣܹ֤ǲҸ沼µľ֣ϹҲϣˣϧʵˣ治мǺ
ǴһδߣҲ﷢мֵġЦЦͻȻһתˡ
ɻĿ
ֻЦЦֵʵȽҪҸеͷۡ
һʵ˴ң
ջαϣֱӹǣͻȻûв´Ļ̫ξʵûЩ£ԼҪôġǵˣ̫ξԴ˻ǷԵģ̫ξΨһҪ󣬾㰲ĴߣңǲϧرİҡŶ㵱ݺ磬ػ̫ξѵɡ
𾪵ô֪ģ
̫ˣȫû֪Щ
̾˿Ϊ̫ξǳҵߣʵҵļˣҵˣˡܹӰ쵽ҵģҲֻǣЩʲôıƵģѶҲκӰ죬ֻҸеǳ˷ܡ̫ξǲܾҵģϾҲճһ볤ûκιϵǵʱľƣֲòеһжϡˣһһЩӰ쵽ҵĶߣ̫ξ˽֮󣬿϶ܹΪҵļˣڳΪҵŮˣ⿴΢һ壬ܹ÷ǳĻرһֱڷ¥û뿪ԭ򡣡
Ǵľ
㲢ͬʼ
üһ壬ЩĿ
ЦΪ滹һǳŮˣƾܹ硢Щ˸ԵߵɱǶԣҲһûм棬߹ʺԪȢƳǿĬĬõֱ࣬㡣
Ŷǰ̫ξĻżΪһǽģʧȥģҪչòչһ棬Ϊģɱڽһ𣬺ͼҡ
һĨû֮ɫǴӽҴˣ常ĻͲ
ղ常
ǵûи˵ô
ҡҡͷ
ǵҵǣ常ȡġ
յ治֪
Ҳ޹ؽҪǿɬһЦ
ⲻ޹ؽҪϾѵ˵ʵհڰֵ
ǺЦĿ˺һۣҲգ֪Ҿ͸ɡСĸ˫һֱүүߣΪүү⣬δȡҲûнʵָҡүү̫ξЩ飬ںСʱүүɱ̫ξңŮȡǡ
ʵ϶үүѩ˰ɡ
ҡҡͷүү쾵ߵһɱ֣ɱүү͸ңгһգɱһҪΪΪҲͬ
յͷүүһǳˣô˵㽫ᱳų޳ɳҲҲɲ˽յ㡣
յңҲûʲôֵýġԳһЦɫ˵òһֱҶʼ޷常ΪʲôôţҳΪŮˣҲӦһĬĬĵȴֱһ̣Ҳף常ǶԵģİ常˵ȥȫһ常׻Ǳҿø͸һЩ
ЦаգôҾͿϲ㣿
ǵͷ
յ治֪Ǵġ
ЦûôأԻΪҴδȥ¥㴦һеǳɣһԥţһ߸š˵Ȼ񣬵ֻϧ̫ˡ
ճ˼Σп̫ξվ̫ξ
˵޼ɻŵʱ򣬺ǷǳɵԳ޼ɵʱǳСĽ֮ǰûԲ޼ɵ£ıܿһУ֪޼ı㣬ɱ֮УҷǳݣǼʮ࣬ûаѽ
ʵܹ֮µһ㣬治ΪǣҪΪ޼ɣΪ֪޼µÿӣ϶⣬Ǳô򵥣޼ɲֻùڷ¥̽ϢӦϣֵӵֶΣһûʲôЧܻᷴá޼ɲŲмЩС뵽޼ɿϣܹץסĵ棬ܹӰ쵽ľߡ
ӹɵǣǳΪŮˣĻӰ쵽
ûµĻ·ûԪĵѩĻļƻҲ϶ôչģûг˶Ļܶ¶òһ
ΪǶǺĶܸһȫʤȥģƶκμƻʱȿǵʼǡ
Ȼѩʼûⳤ޼ɵ뷨ΪȨıѾǻۡ
׳޼ΪʲôһٶҪȥЩСΪ˫ʵ̫Ĳһġ޼Ȩ㳯Ұô꣬ǳµĲģʲôΪҲһЩСɫȻһ⣬ҲܴģҪ֪ܳ޼ɵģΡ
ϧڳ޼󣬾;İԼ뷨ͱһƸȵȥˡ
Ǹɾ䡣
İڹʮľͻȥˡ
㻹û˵δңͻȻ
˼Σ㷽ԣʵҲ˵̫ξļƻȫûгɹϾô꣬ڷ¥ô꣬ûκ˺¥£û˺Сǣһڰǣͬʱջǽ˽ңԣ˺¡
ԣǺڵҪ֤޼ȷģеĽ·˲һ㣬˫鶯˫͸ŵİˣҲڷ¥
ҡҡͷǵǣڷ¥һǷǳӭģϾ˹ǵķ¥ȱ໶ֵġǣϣܹȿҪʲô׷ʲô㻹ڷ¥ϣȥһЩʱգúÿһ£㲻Ļȥ׷ԼΰĹȣźֵܶôȥ׷룬ʤܡ
˵һתϣ㲻ҪΪⲻܹϷóȻֻǳ鷳Ҳ̫ξģʱҾƲ顣
ԳһЦһ㣬ұ̵ᡣ
ãպǺһЦվҪ˵þôˣѾˡ԰գתȥ
ա
ͻȻ
ջعͷ
Цлл㡣
ʵӦ˵ллҡ΢΢һЦȻ˳ȥ
ɫûԵúƣȣ̧ͷտգԼоһԭϵȺǣǿǧʧñøһЩɡ


1991 
δǣȷʵͦͷ۵ģϾô꣬¥ǺյļңǺǳҪĶ֪õİ취ֱɱ˹ǣ󻼡ȷʵ²֣ųѡǼȲҰڰϾһǳƻŮˣֲֻ̫ôһ취øȥϺǱߣùǴǵɢȻʼƤ¡
ѡȥĴԺΪҲԼʵһߵģͻȻʧĻǺտܻᶯɱҲԼȫǺյĶ֣СĻֻúɾͺΣˡ
ʵ͹ǣһֱźգôǣںյļƻ֮УҲǺһֱԭ򣬾ûãûа취
վòϣΪһһսʱκһ⣬ܵ¾Ƶı仯ÿ쵶ն顣
ڴ֮󣬺նʱɲ٣ֽעڹڷչ档
ڳ͢Ϊ֮󣬳͢»ɲ٣ǰ촦֮£񣬶ðţʳӿ뵽ȡҺͳƷ˵Ǳ̫ԭƻڽ֮У̫ԭƻҪһţȻǰóףôóԼ£͢Ҫľǲ·ͽѧԺ
÷ǳͼĻչ񶼻ڷͣԭӳһ£ֱӳʿۿչ˼õ˿ţܶʿʿӿչ֮󣬶Ϊڱ仯ֱ仯Ǻ˵ģΣǰţΪ·ϲȫó̫ܣ·ϵˣõ꣬ÿ춼ӣȫĺܣҲǳ㣬ٹ꣬Ҫ
ʵ¾ôֻ࣬ҪĻǲģôܵ͢ˣͶҲϰҽͲʲôȥ͢
Ҫָ͢ʦҲ°ò࣬ھȥٸǮ¡
ֱӵ¹ٸǮѾûа취ΪѾ÷ǳȷٸҪ˵ԣ˾ֱȥһһ棬ֻȥʦԱһģѹȣǾ͵ÿ˭ռԱҪѹȰգɲô׵ġ
ڴ´˾Ѿ˳εƶȣⲻǺеģγɵġΪҪǳ˾ףҾȥʦ˵ʦô
ʦһҵ𺦵ģȻβܣ븺𵽵ס
ʦֻȥҹԱۣҪƶȲʦֱӸԤĻôʦͿȥǮ׬ˣֲƺҸﻹʦʦɶǵ걻˵ĹԱ͢ǸϳֽǷɱǻʲô͢ͱıƶȣʦ¸Աۡ
ⲻӰ쵽͢ͳελ
Ϊһһֱ࣬ǾɷҲΪΪؼһ㣬һҪضãɷĿ棬ɷչ
ɷĿ£͢ĿûмֻɷȡȨñ˵ʦǷܹ£ǵó͢ȸıƶȣǲܹȥǻس͢ƶȡ
һǳõȻɷҲ͢άԼͳελһֶΣԶԣǱȽϹƽһЩ
ҪԶȳҪʵöࡣ
磬ڱһƬϣվһȺˣǶͷĸţʱͷӶ˽š
һĻѽ
뵱ܷʱҲôһ
ҶѾˣĻЧǰıҸãΪкܶಿѾΪƵģԼеÿؼǿԵģڸأǳУǴһֱӦĲʡҵĳɱ
ŴָиţǳԺ˵
ʵżҵѾ˵ǴԼз๤ߡ
Цŵͷ˷ܵıЧʣŶ˸е˷ܰ
ŴճˣɫһһԵԪޣǫʵ⻹ǶԪҵַ
ԪֻǫһЦ
ȻŴ˵ʵԪַԺ֮󣬼ͻͽͲõߣⷽķչżҵĶ켼ҲڽУӾܵҲ
Ԫ֪ںԺҲ˼Լ
ֺٺٵС磬гѾ㲻ٸԺԼˡ
ղΪʲô
ֵΪżѾԺٶ̫ˣû٣Ժ׻ǹٸҲ㣬ѡżҺ
ŴæһûиǩԼ
ǰԺ¢ϵģżҴԽԽۺĲԼ˲ţټϸԽԽߣڶ켼ԽԽͣżʵʲô£ֻżҲȥԺ
żҺԺ
һһ̽ҰɡպǺһЦֵԺѾҲûרԼŰˡ˵ţŴżҪһЩҪЩйȥ
ŴһϲæСģһϸܵġ
һӵгˣѾзµĲʵҲ˵µģΪʼƣֻʱ̫޷ռ۲ķԣĲҪһЩ
ǮͻȻţ϶Ҳ˰ɡ
ǱǰҪ١ŴͷֵǷǳãʵ˶١
Ǯûʲôãؼð𰡣
պǺǵǮΪ¼һ˻
ǮС˻
ЦǳѾũģΪǰһһЩԸũЩũʲôֻҪܹЧʣǮٸߣҲԸġ
ŴڨڨֱЦ
Ƿũ߿Ƿǳԭ򣬾Ϊ˴أǮֻҪܹЧʣǾͻԸǵĳɱҪͺܶࡣҲżΪʲôзž޴Ҫ֪Ǳ߶ѾչݣϺЩطеҪũߡ
С֮ټũģʽԸũڳĺټˡ
ּ˵ũ磬ǰǷԵģũҲǷǳġЩطũﶼһũ磬ۺʵӪģʽ죬ҲǹأҶǲõũߣҪڼٵģЩԸũÿǼܹõũ棬ܹ񹤣ṩ˲
ũʵũʱȫɷƣɣ˵ķʽӪһϣзǳǿʱǿԸг⣬ĶҲԱ˲٣Ϊ࣬ͺ̸ǮʳڵҲöû˸СǣңҲҪҼһũΪù˵ķʽ͵ʵҲԼˣûб͵ˣȥ񹤣ÿ껹Ǯֵġ
һ̶ϣǻʿ˵ìܣʿũ磬ӰҲìܣûеõǳĽ߸ϾŲɵ͵ìܣԺһֱҲǽΣȥƽԼı䷨ûл֮ǰҲȥҪ˼Ҫܼ򵥣·øҾˡ
ˣ˵ЩũũѾڸ͢ˣҪõⷻзʣֱҲǲСѽ
˶һ𣬵ȷԸũɣṩ˴ķϡ
յûڹ£Ŵ̸֪£ЩũԸǮðռҼһ޽أͬʱԸÿ֧ãĿľҪʡ
͢ȻҲǳк򣬲ȻĻ͢˽Щͳȥ
˫Ӯĺ
ˣţࡢࡢӷࡢ¿඼ڲž޴ľЧ棬Ϊ˿ʼҵȻҲüУũǮЩʣǰԸũûô档
ⶼǵҵչΪҵԴʼõϺͽң㡣
ũԼģݣüȥ棬ܹ׬ǮǮԽԽˡ
ͻȻһԸֺǵգҲǴֱʣеܷѺͶϱ˼һׯǴʲô
ܷѣеĴ̰հüͷ
ǮͦŴӵգʲô飬ҪǺѽǮ⣬ȥܷѣֲǺ죬Ҳûʸ
Ҫ˭ҶԸģΪƷ࣬Ǵȵӣ˭֪ӵġ
ڨڨЦλǱǸƹǩ˱Э飬ʱ˵
ȷܷѾˣֻû뵽ﾹȻѡ̵գôһ˵ҵǺڴѽ
ֱЦ
һնʲʲôҲֻա
ͻȻС磬м£Ҵ˵˵
ʲô£
ǹѧԺѧҵһ°
ԲҼǵȥһѧԱѾҵˣǻȥʵϰôǷ¥Ҳѧʵϰ
ѧԺҵҲһۣΪҶ֪ǲӦñҵˣ꣬꣬мΣǼ꣬ȽϻңѧУ͵˼֮꣬ʦͲ֪ЩѧܷȥǴӨӨ֮󣬾ȥʵϰǵ
ּⶼǴСŪı
üıʲôı
ֵǴСǺƻЩѧȥʵϰɷϵǣѧԺѧǳ㣬ÿ˶д㣬ڸ˽̸ЩڵҪʺˣֱΪġǾЩѧʵϰ֮ǴСֽЩѧ˻ȥ˵ÿǶѧԺľģ˵Ҳ࣬ôһ֮ռһȥˣһûУǮвˡ
ȷʵƽϽѧԺʱǶûǮѧԺǶҪЩ˲š
ʵⶼǽڣǮˣǱջģ裬Ǿû뵽ԼôҪЩѧʼҪҵʱ򣬶û˹עֱʵϰ֮ǲŷЩѧǶôóɫģ̿ͣһӶûУһҵġ
ǮҲ֮ΪʲôôࣿҪΪϽѧԺѧ붼֮Աĺӣô฾ŮȥܰЩӣЩŮҲԸȥô㣬ȷʵƽ
˵£ҶǷ߷߲ƽ
ûа취д˲ţУǾǱЩ̣ԽԽ󣬱뵺ϵϺǶ㣬⵼ǷҪ˲ȥȥѧԺѧʲô֮ҲѧöһЩȽʵõı£ҿʣֹϣֱȽעŶӺ
ͳȻҲʶ֣Ǹʲôƣ˵ҪЧʣɽЩ˸ˣûбȽϾû˺̫ϲѧԺѧΪЩʵϰѧ϶ǵģǷǳƴ磬ɽӨӨһ鲻ۣɽǸˡ
Ҷ֪ӨӨôҪЩ̾ǮѧԺ
Ҳûа취ʵϰԼѧԺǩãֻһ꣬ЩѧҲǵջǼѧԺվһߣΪЩѧҲűǵĵܵûڶ飬ǵȻ˭Ǯö࣬ȻԸȥ˭ϰ֮࣬ϽѧԺÿѧѡ
ӨӨЦѧԺ£ҺܾöûйˣȥǴһ¡
أһԹС磬ǴСòŶ֪ͣϹڣʲô˵ƣֲ֪ʲôıơ
յƣȷ
ֲ̫ȷҲ˵ģǺС磬ѧԺѪɲܻڴСС
ЦŵͷúúãǷģȥһ¡


1992 ֵŮ
ʵҪȥΪոջصǱ߽Ǳ߾ϣμյһ顣
Ҳ֤˵òǿѨ磬ӨӨܻ׼һ
ǾʲôҲǺûڹѧԺ£ΪǱߵѾҪܡ
ϣջѩʵѩսȥμյĻ飬֪Ϊʲô𣿡
ѩ¡
̿£пһ£룬ҪǸйϵǿɾͲ򵥰
һ㵵ǿҸʲô
ѩæֻ֪ǽЭֵһ飬ʲôҲ
ղ̫ŵǻ᳤㲻
̵㻹˼˵նæ˼ҷѩһڼҴųֶпչܽЭǱߵ¡
⻰һնʱ޵غգֱͷǣòԣҵĴҵĴʱȽϳ㣬ҿڼǣǡһȥɡ
ѩЦŵͷ
Ԫĵ΢Ц
һ硣
Ϻã
ԣ
ǰ´źͺͣʵѩأ
µѾˡ
ʲô
վȵ˵һȥôôء
µߵġ
Ϊʲô
˭μģ
֡
ǰ˼ҷѩĽЭᣬһȥá
Ƶôһ˵ЭǸǵжԵģ
գգۣҿûô˵
յʲô˼
ĬĬóͣǱ˵ʲô
һС̽ˣⲻĻݵİɣ
Ȼǡ̵ʲôϵңҹܵÿǸ֣ҴӲµġ
ôһŵĿ£Ҫ£¼ľû˶¡
¿ǺյɷˣյŮˣƤҲǰٶְ
˵䣬򡢺ﶼѾˡ
Сԣѧȥˣ
һϽ¿Ҳˣһȥɡ
ˣԼȥˡ
ҲֱСԴ
û£û£пС
϶йհԲţҲûа취
ȵߺ󲻾ãҲȥ֡
֣巽С¬ʦԡ֣վԺнš
¹ټ
Ǽˣ׷ǰ
񡣡
չ֣ʵôҲأ
֣ЦҲǰġ
巽ЦģǴةҿɻָæ
պʲô˼
巽֪̾ةãͷ۵ĺѽ
һΡ
յ˵ÿѧԺѧҵһ£
巽ǵǽտĿģֵöҲǲС˵СһֱЩѧȻ󵽴Ҫۣ˵ΪѧԺʽ𡣶ǰգǴСԽЭ壬дһţҪ
ʵǴô
ͬʱ̾˿
巽СҪһŮ̫ѧ
֪йأ̿УةôõģǰܵĺϵѽŶóҲ׼˭ȥӽӨӨ
еͻˣ㻹˼˵ңӨӨ˸̻ôŮ̫ѧҸ˵һںʹġ
Ǳ¸ģһ֪³⡣
յҵȻ˵ѽ㵹ó֤֤ҷйأӨӨôˣﻹױʹҽ̲ϣƵҷͷϣд
λϢŭλϢŭ巽æվҽλǰϣλܹ⣬̫ѧɲǰûеģһֱǳ͢ģ˵Ͱ졣
յֳǽ־ֱֳӾܾˡ
巽һ˵еôþܾЭὨȨ
֣еô˵İɣҲһ仰ܹġ
һЭ˽֣һʮˣһɫŮˣһ˶ûУȫǹŮӣѩ᳤
Ϊֵʱ巽ѧԺܸɵʦˣԭռŮʦøǿ󣬼ͿѧԺңӨӨʼǼ븾ֵģȥѧԺģƿŸ֣ںƲŮ˾ͳ׿סЭᡣ
巽ݣǽһڰ
ؼʱҲû뵽Эᡣ
ʵʼѧԺ˿ƵģӺյ巽ȻŮʦռ࣬ҶܳɫȨʼջ巽еģںˣŮ˸סˡ
ѩѩ̽ĿƿΪ±˿Լ˸һҲװС
巽һ޸᳤˵ĽƶȣԳ͢԰նǳҪŮ̫ѧһ֪ƶζ԰գԳ͢಻֪߾кιϵ
ӨӨеһ񣬵ֳǷ֪ϽѧԺҵѧ
巽ЦŵͷѾ˽ˣǷǳĳɹ

ӨӨЩ˶ԸǳĹǮѧԺѧȥ£⵼ʿӶǷ߷߲ƽǺʮأ׬ǮȴѧԺЩʮѧڳ͢ǼΪģһЩʿӲ塢䣬תȥѧϰЩ޷ιᵼ³͢˲ŵʧʴӦδѣ⡣
巽ֻԵͷ
ӨӨֵȻ˵ĽĿǰѧԺҵѧȻܷǵҪ󣬵ǻȱһЩӢϣѧԺܹ˲ţ뵽һ취ǳŮ̫ѧѧΪ̫ѧҪγ̣Ϊרҵ˲˱һá
巽ɻһǲ̫ס
ӨӨǽЭΪ˻ӦõҴƵĽɽ𢣬ͬʱַǳѧרҵ˲ţŮרѧϰ֪ⷽʶ˻ר塢䣬ܹιƽ£˱ɽ͢һáʵʵѾ֤ŮǷǳʺѧ񳤰ĻƣŮռݾģɼѧ츳ŮҪʤ˵ģǺβŮˡ˸˾ְ
ЩŮԽԽѶԸˣŶһЩðδ϶ѧ£ôǽƴƵģ϶Ůˡ
ⲻҲ֪µ·Ϊʼ¼ᶨŮ˶ȥѧѧģƴѧŮ˵ѧʣֻʱûӣΪ˶ѧ޹ؽҪѧʣûж˸ȤţѧңҲֻܵûʲôȨ̫ʷӨӨŸ˵Ů˵ѧ츳ҪʤˣΪŶѧѧŮŶѧѧôһȣ˵ȻȲ
Щķչֱӵ»ƿ챻Ů˸¢ˣŮ˻רоѧ֯ǻвŮ棬ΪʱûйԱˣֲôѧֻȥŮ˰
ںտһ̫һ㡣
гü޸᳤ӴϳСʱѵûѧŮҪĵ£ڼô
δ䣬һŮ˱վةԲӣС֮󣬱ȥѧԺѧϰܸõĽѾǴҶͬʵɶҪǮģӶ˼ͥĸǰͥ룬Ҫˣ˵ĸŮ˳׬ǮһǼɷĸֿԹѧⲻҲô
һŮӵңѧϰιƽ֮ŮȥѧϰЩ֮һһӣǡʥ԰
ЩŮ˸ʦƱ磬бƿԣˣֻǿӨӨôһŮôǰϲ磬û뵽Ů˵Ⱥ֮ƫƫӨӨɼӨӨ뵽ԼվȻܸԼۣѾȥԸС
Ҳ֪ǸʲôǷǳҲ֪ȥŮۣΪӣôܹŮ˳࣬ʧȡ
ߣЩŮõͦѽ
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תͷһֻǸ߳һ˽Щǰ˵Ա룬¿ֿˡ
ֳǱǸҵȲֳ֮߳ô巽еһ
巽֪λǰк£
߳»δһ̵ҵ˵ЭҪʲôŮ̫ѧа
ӨӨʵΪβУ
Ů˱ӦúڼҴţӣͷ¶棬ֵǳɺͳʱǵĸĸɷֻ¶ᱻ˳Цġ
ӨӨΪл磬Ůֻѧϰ˶ϵѧʣ԰ҵķչѵҲô
˭˵˿ϣ֮ûô˵ЩҲҪŮ˲ģӦ
ߣ˵õɣûмǴĻǻĻƣɼŮˣ֣֮ʦҲȫŮˣǺڶÿαҲŮ˱ඩģ¬˸ǽüзҩģˣΪҽҪʤ¬ɣл硢֣ȫŮ˽䷢ġŮ˱ǰֵڼҴţΪ˽ˣǲű߳ŵģǽЩ⡣
֣æƲϵλҿû˵Ů˲С
ҪŮ˸ˣ֮ͳˣ֮еʦȫŮˣʦ֮ڣǸ⣬еţȥЩ
ʵҵķչŮ˵ĵλǵõǰ
ܹ˭˶мѧϰѧŮ˾ƴȥѧǹŮӣƽʱҲûʲô¸ɣֻǰֻĬĬѧϰŽ߳ţᡣ
ȻⶼǸڱƶģǰŮ˵Ļǿ϶ᱻ˱ӵģҲҳиںţŮ˿ʼţһһΣ֮󣬴ŮӿΪʱɻûзԣԸûָǡ
ͬʱĹ忪ʼҵͨҲŮ˳Ϊѧϰ֪ⷽʶеֲЩֻǳæ
ȻǸ߶Щ˲ţЩ˲ŵλվŮֵⷽķǳ㣬Ů˵ĵλҲ
ŮȻҪһŮҲһ·ߵͨģ̫úˣŮ̫ѧ͵ֱӽѧŮ˵ı־ôŮ˾ͿԹѧϰЩ֪ʶ
ǣҲعˣҪΪ͢ʼƹԱЩʿӲ֪ȥ˵ĹԱֶҵ漰ĶһЩ߶˵ķҵλǳߣͨôͼôҲȥԿ
Ȼȴ⣬ͻȻ߶˵ְλŮ˸ռŵģǻһû飬û֪ʶɲҪʲô֮Ҳ
ͺˣ
ǿҵΣС
յ֪ЭڸʲôŮ̫ѧҪǳɹˣǾ͸ûˣΪ̫ѧƳѧŮǲҪȨġ
һȤ󣬾ͷĶʦģΪʦҵֻ˸ɵˣŮ˾ͲЩǲŲµŮˣǻʦһ˶ûΪǲңµĻƼŮˣҪǷŮ˵Ļǿܾûˡ
֣粻ΪǫǫӣСһٸ֣йֵ
߳һŭĿ֣Уǰıߵİ
֣Ϊѣˣ֪׿ڣ˵
ѧģɲŮ˴ġ
߳һݵĿźա
пЦãǵɲô˵İ
ӨӨ̵ΣʵѾ֤Ů˸ʺѧϰѧ˸ʺѧϰģιƽ£ʵͻֻҪǺ䣬ڹҽ衣
ΪҲ֪ŮʲôУǣóѡ
⻰ͷǳôŪģʲôιƽ£͢ѾΪˣдڻûе˵˱Ů˸ʺϣʵʤ۱硣
ֳ߳ҲΪӦýµ̫ѧרѧϰѧֻ׼ȥѧŮ˾ӦڼҴţɲһа
ӨӨЦҲգҲգȻˣŮ˾ͲѧˣѧñǺãûӡ
˵ʲô
ȻĻΪβ׼ŮѧǺ»ô
˻᲻Ůˣ
ǾͱȱѽԶ̫ѧ˭㣿
ӨӨͱأҿνѧԺ֪˵ǰȥ
һٸ
ЩŮ˷׷ڴЦ
߳Ǳɫˡ
ΪҲȷʵŮо飬ʦŮռоƵģΪһʼŮڵʦҵŮҲֻеСѧʦȥͯǿ˽ܣ͵´Ů˶ӿ磬񼸺¢硣
ǽЭʲôʱΪŮ˵ĽЭأ巽üȵȥˣЩŮ߯ҲţҲҳ
ӨӨæֳˡʧԣǽЭᵱȻһͬʣҪĻ
߳˲ŲҪŮ˰æ
ˣˡ巽һֵ֣ܹģǵѾ֪ˣǽֻؿǵģյĻ͵Ϊֹɡ


1993 治Ǻǵ
Ƕóѡ
߳¼巽ȻûеӨӨǣʱŭ죬仰뿪ˡ
ǿɶǹԱǼԺգաǿɶҪ󳼣ҲӣǶΪŮ˵ĹˣǾװݵġ
ô߰һˣŮ޻˵ҲεҪ巽еһ񣬱뿪ˣٳǰݺݵĵһ۴ӨӨ
Ůǣǳ巽ǵеһȻ˳ȥ
巽һƵĿźա
Цֳģ»ֵȥģʱٿôɡȸˣ
巽ͷ߳⻰϶ǲֽͨ£Ҳֽ֪¡
С磬ҿźܴĹϵ֣е
̾ǣҲûа취ԤıģҲǺҲøԤ
¬ʦͻȻʵӨӨ˵ҲеŮ˵ǻ۲Сģ˵ӣȷҩ棬ҪʤҲٰ˵ţյһ׼һ£оʦҽʱָĽһֶԿűҩ͢ڴģķչϡϺõš
ʵ츳¬ʦԻǸ߲٣ֻûټҽҩ̻ڣٱһȻͽ˹ȥǺܿͳΪҽ¬ʦԿûȨ˼룬ǷǳͬŮ˵ģΪ˾ʦã˺Щ꣬ȣͷǳͬ˵ǻۺͲŸɣŮ˲ܲƫġ
ϲֹõţֱҴҲУ»ȥپһ¡
¬ʦԵͷ
֣еŮ֮£ΰǺã
յŮҪ֣Ҳסһһɡ
ǲԸһڣŮҲںϼš
½㣬ԭһжеıȽ˳ҸҲǱƿԣƺҲûҪæ˼Ϊ߳ͻȻ鿪ȥǻԲ׼Ůѧϰѧ
ӨӨ
һǲҪֹǣѾΪʱ˵ô
ӨӨҡͷǵûС
ʶȤºߵ
ӨӨ½㣬ֹǣҲܴﵽԤڵĿģŮƿѧһǿⷽѧϰ
ЦģѾöԲߡ
ӨӨʵʲôԲߣ
µϣҷ֮⣬ͨѧʵԺЩԺʿֻҪȽǸǼ˫ͬʱ̫ѧҲǾǵģЩ˵ĵУǷǸŮˣһġ
ѩЩƷԺʿѽ
ЦаţǰҾøϵǵӣм˻ǸֵˣһֱڹѧϰѧǿԽЩƷԺʿӸйǿ϶Ҳڱġң߳Щ˶ǳƳԺԺʿƿƳǰƽʿһֱֻҪ֮ìܣǾͲ໥
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Цˣһи׳нˣúë
ɫһȥҾͻ򡣡ȻִԹȻ͵˵˼ô
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½ŵ㲻ô
Щȱ˵յ벻ô󡣡
¼ڰ㰡
ңպЦԸŸ߼
µҪŮôһڣЩ˻˿ѧôⲻǰ㣬ʲô
ӨӨ½ûƭ㣬ǰѧ˵ų⣬ѧϰһֱǺܶ࣬Щһֱ½ڹŮȥѧϰѧ˵ѧڽһʤ֮ѧŮ˶Ѿһ㣬Ҳʵ֤
£ʵôܻ£ûѡȥ¶Ƕ£ЦһֻǾãǷŽѧֱŮ˵ѧʣȥĻ
²ʵ
տ飬ûЦҲ̫һ㡣
µҾҪڶѧߣǲѧ̷㣬֪ѧĺãߣΪʱҾҪЩ˽Ӷˡ
Ц֪ĴĺܣŲһʶڵǣôһ֣¾ͿɴСаվһӮ
·ǳҲ֪֪ȥĻġǲ֪ܶ˶ŮѾеЩ͢˵ĹԱǶڱԹŮǵĹһ취ŮˣǱҪȷˡ
ļٵģʵ
ѩͷ½˵öġ
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һȥεҡҡͷˣôΪڱƶģҿˡ
˵ţµ
ӨӨ½㣬ãҪҸĻ
Ҹ֮ɫȴǲ˽תñ˭죬ΪóľǴְл˵ӮҡǱߣҲҪ£ʱסҼңҪţҾÿ
ǱߺֱȥС
ɣľǽжŮԱɣľվֱʵ
ɣľ£ʵУǳĽУ
еġ
Ŀһȥ飬ҲǧŮԱ
ôࣿ
վȵĿɣľЩµȻ
ɣľͷŮ˼ϸ壬˷ǳϸ٣ҾͨѧŮҪ˶ܶ࣬ǽҪݣ֮⣬оǴŮֱڽ棬ЩŻˣǳ߰ȥ̸Ů˾͸ýˣǽ߳ɵԱŮˣҪڼල档
˵ͻȻʲôƵãҼǵö㵱ô˵ġ
˵⻰ô
϶˵Ƕô˵֮ǲſʼŮԱġ
ҿ϶û˵⻰շǳĿɣľ¸һϵûС
ɣľ㶣ͷǣҼǴˣû˵⻰
յҲû˵⻰ⶼȻγɵġ
ŶȻγɵġɣľƵǳʲôأ
ֻҪסһ㣬ʲô˶ܵġƵͷʵ̼ҵ֪ôжŮԱ
ɣľҲǺ϶٣һ࣬ǻƺ棬Ӧ֪֮ʦŮˡ֮⣬ռҡżҵĴϯʦҲŮˣԪңֵܣǵļзŶУҲŮ˲룬ǵĽŶʦҲŮˣֻûôࡣоԴӶ֮ŮҽҲСŶҵУҲŮˣǻ漰֬ϴҺٷз
ôľðΣһڣʲôʱŮ˱ôȥƷأ
ɣľ룬ҲǺǽŶǼŮʦȫǹҡҡռңȵȡ
ղŵ˵ЩŮѾԺһȺ˻һأ
ɣľֵûУûУֻǻͼֽҲҪڼҲԻǼǲģ˽ͼֽ͸ǣȻٸǮ˵ǵͼֽȷʵǳá֪ģĽпɶҪǳȷͼֽȫ飬ͨửͼֽЩŮӻǷǳģǼʶȽϹ㣬ЩΰĽԺΣǺҵŮƳģ˵ǱȡȳҪÿһ㡣
Ƶʲô˼ԺĿƵġ
ɣľεЦЦ
ѹôеԭŮô»治վӣҪǵŮˣжȥˡնһǲûкȣǶһ˼ı顣
֪϶ĻƶģҪȻĻЩŮô뵽ȥͼֲȱǮ϶˴ǣߴţ־רµġֻ¶ǰģ˵Щ£ͷôչģ˵յȻҲʣʲôܣͲȥ־ֳܾˡ
û뵽Щԭô¡
ɣľʲô
̾˿ڲ˵ܿҲ֪ˡ
ʱͻȻ˵ˣ˵̽¡
տЦϢûǿ찡˵ţɣľϾ֪ˣǼסǷ¥Щ¡
ɣľľګĵ˵ͷ


1994 ƨɾԴ
յȻ֪ȥеĿ϶ΣΪڲЩ֮£Ϣ϶Ҳûôͨ¶ԣǾƲС¡
ڽ·ϣҲ˼ΪԣҲȽͻȻģȻ֪ƶŮǰû뵽չؿ죬Ѿ˹ģֻ½躹߯ˡ
µ񣬾òλˣɲСɱѽ
˵Ůˣڼз֮УһǷǳ׵ġ
ŮµЩǶǰͨոɲˣбµֲԸȥɵ¡
ΨһԲȥľǹŮӣµǿ׼һ㣬ȻȫѺ档
ŮʵһȺǳвŻû¸ɵˣӶҪԴı仯£ĽЩհ׶ˡ
ʵҲһͶʣΪǰЩ޹ؽҪģû˹עģҵչЩְλ÷ǳҪЩŮ˵ĵλҲˮǴߣǮλָߣϰҲҵǣѾȻôЩǴлôľ飬ǴӲ˷ֻŮ˷һ֣ͨѰռҵŮˣŮȺ壬ǷǳŽᡣ˾ڶƽʿƿƽʿҲòɿҲû˹עŮ˵ķչЩŮռþԵȨһʱᣬǲȫܡ
ȻᷢչѾ벻ŮˣôµȻҪ࣬ʲôĬĬףǿɲ½ķ
˵»ֻܷƳΪƳŮ˱ͱȽǿƣǹУǺǷǳģֻǺУΪͻǸǵλͣб£ҪٸǻᣬǻһЩʲô


ñϵһС԰Ӽա
ǵռʱһﴩһϮɫȹ壬һɫ£ıȽϸߣһ˿ĹߵĻǴͳĿ۴·ߣΪǷǳģҪ·ߵĻǻԸбˣǿֻⳡϴǣһЩƣǳչǷĵУԵ÷ǳׯϴ󷽣Ӻݻʷǳ䡣
΢μʺ󡣡
񡣡
ȵ֮󣬺ЦͦƯġ
Цʵڿ·ڿԼ
һ׾ǺոƵĹٷ
ȻǡЦ·ٺÿʲôãؼǵ˺ÿ
һЦϵǿ֮ɫŮ˶ϲƯȻҲ⣬ǹΪɫĶʮŮ÷һһ߸ƶɵģҶԴҲǷǳ⡣
⻰лո̾Ů÷죬̫ⷽĹˡ
ЦڽЭͽֵ£ҷҲ˵ˡ˵ţбĿա
æĸһϵûС
ﵹҲûлɣʹûйϵŸƳǿ϶ĪĹϵɣ
տЦҺҲܷϡ
ʵƳǵʲôأ
յŮ˵ĵλ
ôأ
ʵϲµģ˵ĸԺкֻܴ֮Ȩ壬ŮȨ壬¾ŮȨ壬¸Щ£ɲΪԼ
һȣڻʺ϶Ƿǳģԭ򣬳Ͳ˵ˡΣʺǧܸԤ¡
üһ壬ΪΣ¹ѧԺҪҲӦõġ֪֮󣬾Ҳָм
ҡҡͷʺܹ񣬱ʹ˵ĵߣŮ˵ĵλǻܶ󳼵ӣϾд󳼿ɶˣʺ㴦ͻǵǿҷԣʾͲһˡԭֻŮ˵ĵλʺûйϵģӦð֮ǻʺԤĻǾη⣬η棬Ů˿ɾͲ˵Ķ֣Ҳ÷ǳӡ
ǸʱԼҲӦ
ҡҡͷɲã߳ǾƲݵģһ͢İæǲһʺ󣬱ϾʺŮˣ㣬ҲʹôҿһֵȥʺҪþǶԶԶġ
Ƭ̣ΪƳǻɹ𣿡
տЦӦûɹҲǷŲ֪ģΪĿǰְܶλǱŮ˸¢ˣŮȫϳȥ˶ܲȥҲӦģֱܻܿӵ³ҵΣڵڣŮҪһŮ˵ƣŮ̫ѧиߵѧʡ
ҲǿʼҪѹŮˡȻŮ˶ռϷ磬ֻܲʴǵò˵֧֣˲֧ǵģңܶŮ˶ΪҲֵ֧ģ˲ܴӮһ̡
£һȺ󳼣ǡ
ҡҡͷҲǾϽȥΪҲ´ҶΪڱƶģλǿ϶˻վģʺɲҪǣǹŮ¢Щ߼ְλвǳйԱŮӣǿ϶˵һЩ󳼰ǵģЩֻҪܹӮ
Ե˵ͷ
ͻȻʵ֪ʺʱռҺģ
һЦҲľѧһֹһ飬ľѧҪٻƸѵķʽҶԣΨһķʽΪҿûǮռŷḻľ飬ۺĲԼΪҲʵ֣ռҺͿԳϣڣܹȥϡô㲻ͬô
ǵǡյֻǺʧҵ
һЩ̫Ŀźա
յһΪʺиĻҵĵλɾ᧿Σ
ЦиҲԶȲ㣬طɾҵġ
Цʺôһ˵Ҿͷˡ


纫ԣ߳ǿɶǹٻӵܣʵ̫ӵеϴ;ҳд󲿷ֵĳҲǳ֧ǣзԵǷǳ
κ֪ܿ£еܲ죬ͻȻãǾȥʾΪûⷽµ
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£¿ɷС£ɴⰡ
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Ŷһ˻
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֮Է£άȨά񷨣ⶼǵĺ档
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Щĳһ㶣ƺûϵ佫վ
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˫ĿһΪֵĵطͻȻһ£ͳô⣬ʵ̫ˣæʵӽ֪µġ
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£Դ·ǳ˽⡣ͬƲʵǸ˲츾£Ǵһֱڷչڽ෬䷨°յʽ˱仯⸾˲ò񹤡ڼϡ֯ӣһжܺг
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ƵƵͷͬʱҲƣͬʲôôƵ˵Ƿǳ
пÿɹ˵ı󣬶վһΰŮˣ⻰ǲѽ
Ҳ£ݳ֪Ů̫ѧǽЭģǵ飬ʵΪ͢룬̰ͼ;ǲţѯֳЭŮ̫ѧרѧϰһЩѧѧ֮רҵ沢塢䣬ѧЩܹ볯Ϊ٣
巽ʵģ
巽ͷ
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ʷͻȻǺЦ£ҲǣЩ޸֮ԸȲŮˣǾͽƵŮͷϣѾ߲ˡ
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һɺԣĹԴǵ⸾˱Ӧĵ££Ȼȥ濴Щˣﻹǵ⸾¡
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Щ佫Ȼܶ˶ֲʶǿվ̫棬λǷͬСɣǵȻȢЩֲʶŮˣƃӶǹģǵŮˣɶǷǳġ
ĹܲЩ佫ǳΣ˵£ΪʱĳŪ佫ȶס˾棬佫ĳĹָŰʷѵЩçֲʶ׶Ҳ˼Ϸ˵̡
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ߵĳ佫̳һҳһƬƳĳǳͣû˵佫ģΪƳĳҲǳҲܹ̣ҲҲҪ佫
ĬĬվһߣĿţǰе棬ѾľֻҪìܣ϶ҪƼ£һȺƢ
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һӣָŵȺ󳼵̫ҪĻ޿Ϊ̨ǴðҲ
ףΡ
ŷֿ
ζǣͻȻʵ˵⾿ô£
±Ƶ̫
ŭôܲ
֪ܵڨڨһЦ£ݳ֪¾ΪЭҪŮ̫ѧǺܶ˶Ӧ
ʵΪνЭҪŮ̫ѧΪֲӦ
յԭк֪ܶ࣬ǣһֱŮ˶ѧΪŮṩƣϣһ֮Էԣԭһģְλô࣬Ů˽ЩְλռˣֲͨЩѧʣҲ˾ͷԡ
ԭȻõЩŮ˼ܵ״Ҳѹ׵ǣЩ󳼣ôǵܡ
Ĺ̵£Ҫκˣֻһֱ⣬Ůڣ˹ҲŻгŮ˽˵¶ˣ񷨵ߵƱػƻҵĺгͰ
ʽͻȻվƫģʵʼʱ˭£Ͼ巽ҪǿŮˣֻ˶ԸЩ£Щ˲ţŮ˲ŲȥģЩ£˲ֵ͢ǳ͢ҲһŽŮ˸ߣҲϺ
˵̫ˣͬƵŮ˲ǰԸɵ¸ˣһɵ÷ǳɫ㽫Ů˶ϻؼңҲɲЩ£ң˵Ķûˡ
ӼҿǻĴɶǮĻҪˣСŮϯʦȻ֧Ů˰
Щ佫Ҳһ佫ĳһô࣬ǳдУʼһˣǰͿʼҵмɶʵǼ壬ҲʼԼŮ˳ģʷ䡢ƃǶǺˣӲںôࡣ
һ˵˵Ů볯Ϊ٣Ҳв佫
һˣߵŮˣѾ÷ǳ
֮ƨɾԴ
´Щ˶Ǳ͢˵ĹԱԼһЩҪ˵ʿӣǸڣо֮ţǳ͢ϸƹԱûа취볯Уܵøһ·ɣʿӲǾ͸ˡ
ƃߵ飬ΣѰҵƣЩ˻ҲǲҲţǵ͵£ǲԸɣõ£ָɲˣ͢ǵģĻôɶС
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ò˵´˵ҲеŮ˿ɲ췴Ҳ첻˷˻췴ģҾɹ
ͻȻ⻹Ǹӵġ
塢֮ι֮λǲܶҡģѧǷǳ㣬о˲м涼ˣҲǲɶҡģŮڵռϷ硣
巽˽־ֳԴкο巽ʵ
巽£ΪֻΪһģӦô»С
һδ»С
巽ʵǳͬЭ飬ýѧΪһЩܹѧϰѧиӸѧʣӦŮѧʱͲӦŮŮɶֻŮܲףΪɽѧԺŮѧԺ볯ЩѾڵʿȥѧԺѧϰḻԼѧʶȿ볯Ϊ٣ֿи֮ʱȥѰơ
ͷãôɡ
巽ͻȻǱ£ѧԺɳ͢죬˽˰죿
Ĺ̵̫ѧȻǳ͢죬Ͼ͢ӦʿӸ𣬵ŮѧԺ͢ûǣҲ̫ܽѧ̫ѧǳ͢ĹŮӿɲΪ١
ε㣬ֻܼ֮͢ʿӣǲҪκηãɳ֧͢Ů˵Ļ͢ҲǽӸ߼ѧԺ
϶Ҫƫ˵ģһģðʿӣȥ飬ͿԱǺ˼룬Ϊ񿨵÷ǳΣѾȥܾˣЩʿҲʼԹܵҸطǰɡ


1995 
Ȼȷƫ̻ˣҲû˵׼Ů˽߼ѧԺΪǻʵۣҲ˵˰ƣŮ˶ϻȥŮ˾Ͷַԡ
İţ˫ʵܹܡ
ɼ巽ǲġ
̫ߣ˿Ҫʧˣ
Ц̫ʷ˻
΢΢ЦⲻˣŮˣҪרѧϰѧѧԺǶҪԺЩԺʿȻ͢԰ʿӣѧԺԺǹȻð̫ѧһŮѧԺһܹ𡣡
պǺǵҿȻ
㶵ΪΣ
յĪҪǣԺԺʿɶƿƳЩµļʿӣɶǳƳǿܻͬһģôԺԺʿҲȥůƨɡ
üͷԵͷ֮
ֵǵðǣһ̨£ҲԼһ̨£ֵò졣
֪ΰǣ
Цܼ򵥣ԺķʽǣԺԶ⹫ϢϣѧԺչȡ˲ţۣͬͬо໥ѧϰѧһչ
һЦ˼˼
ֵԸЩԺʿû˷Щꡣ
Цһ㻹ģʵԺûκȨԵģרѧʵģȺĹݶҪһЩЩԺʿ֮ûѡ뿪ΪǶѧŨȤЩһֱŴ£оѧҲвٳɹ
ʵԼҲˣһ쵽ڴЩԺʿ
ƲĿƣ׵ģʲôҾģôƪֻҪɵ˭ܹù죬Ҫѧȥǿɾͺѳˣźܶ𰸵ȥ̽ٺ»ã׻зֺ죬涼ҪģЩԺʿԭμӿƾʱĲҪһչԺ󣬶ȨٸȤоѧ

֡
ƽ̫ƽˣŮģƾʲô͢ȴֻ˽̫ѧŮˣ׼̫ѧ֡
ǲƫ̻˰

Ϣܿʹ˳ŮǶʱеֱԹ
ھֳϣһָ㽭ɽļƣҷ˵ⱧԹԶģҾҲͦõģ͸˱һȣ˭
ӨӨ½㣬ôܱȵӮǣȣѧԺҪǮģг͢ǮǴŪǮ
һЦŮڿɲҪҪǮСһĹǮƷԱˣ⻹㽱𡣴ʱ˿̣Ů˸ҪŽᣬҲŮһ˸ŽһЩֻҪŽһģЩ˱Ǵ򲻵ǵġ
Ƿ׷׵ͷŮ˶ԣѾϣòֻǰߡ
ӨӨȴǺܵǵǱҪԺİԺ϶ƫǣûԺİǿ϶Ȳǡ
üһ壬Σһ취ġ

ʱ֣ӨӨصӨӨɲһؼңֻܶȻһҲǳӭ
ӨӨС̣ǻˣ
򡢺ܵԺӭ
ºСԴʵأûУ
Ѿˣڳˣ
һ㶣ѵǣ
˷ֱܵͷ
ӨӨȵѽ
˷ܵӨӨС̣տǼҵ֮ҹÿգ³С̣пڸˣҵĳտɲСŶ
ʲô֮ҹ
ӨӨ
ЦȫҾ۶ġ
ӨӨһ±ơ
ںصʼջǼͥΪԭᾭڼң֯ͥȫ˶룬еĹҪԼ³
ҹĻ٣һҲˣڳĲ棬ʳǳ棬ϻĸС룬ˣţ࣬Ƿǳḻ;¡
ӨӨС̣ҳ㷹д֮Ҫ
ϵĺﳯŴӨӨ
ŶҡܹңҸмˡӨӨһͷˮú˵⻰Źģǰͺܺ棬ô棬̲סʵӦýô
Сʱһ죬ɬ
µⶼΪ򾭳ڼңҲ޷ʤμһְʴ˲ȡѡƶȣһֱǽ㵱ǽҵҲǳ࣬޷˼ͥǹͬѡǼҵļ
û㻹𣬷ǽѡȥģ̫ƽˣǴûйƽɵĿɱöˡ
ԪĵԵͷ
ѩǶһ͵Ц
εͨ죬ԭһºգԼһӣỹգֻס
⼸һֱռż֮λΪܹΣ身ͺѡȨüȨū۴ңңŪԹڣڽѡʱҹͬƾ˺Ǵ׶Ӷѡ
ӨӨԴȫ޷⡣
ͻȻٱɱ
ɱ
Ҳ߾Լıӡ
ǵȻȵòǾƣǹ֭
ӨӨһϣ㶼ЦɼǶȻƱʴֻƴסЦ⣬ҲеľƱ
¾Ʊ֮󣬴Ҳӳ
ȴƷλʳһԵĺյ˵͢ҲҪ̫ѧѧΪѧ١
յͷ
ԪĵҲһۡ
̽һԺȥæɣ
ǵû˵ҡҡͷֵԺ㿪һЩϣܹѧԺȡַʽȥƹѧ
ӨӨһۣͬʱһĨϲɫ
⵹ͦõġװģĵ˵ͷȴ͵͵ӨӨоǵ֮ɫ
ӨӨȻҲǷǳϲ
ôԾڰǰ
նǹ֪һ߳ţһԪĵѩš
Թҹ֮󣬺˷ܵĸߺ֮ҹʼ
һӨӨõһڣڳǳ򵥣ֻһ̲ӣмӡ
ŴӨӨӨӨҲһɣ
ӨӨҲѽ
Цܼ򵥵ģôܿͻѧġ
ǡҾ͹ˣӨӨЦŵͷȻֺ򡢺ѾԣȵҲ룿
Ц˵ȫҾ۶ˣ
ҪûǽܣɾͲ֮ҹǵȻò밡
ӨӨһ㵵Ŀ¡
ЦҲףͦȤġ
һ
Ŷлл
ӨӨȥȫ޷⣬СѵĲô
֪ղǰǽǸĺһСͽõĽУѧʲôÿԼԼһЩѧϰ飬ں򡢺ǷǳаģȻһЩ죬þУ˵ɣվܹ˵һֲڲԼʵ뷨ı仯ȥɱζԷԼӶԷ仯УȥĥԷĵʵ뷨
֪֪ˣܰսʤ仰κ
ȻҲܹģ²ģΪĵãܹպȡ
صǺܼ򵥣һһǮĳ룬һǮĵףΪֹ
㲻ô
ӨӨ˽֮ͻȻֺվ԰ϴƣơ
̾ҪǵĻǿɾͲˣΪһӮ
Цһֱڵս
֪ܵڶŽܹܿʤ
ܵܣɱϹ˵ҿӮ˵
ЦǰˣǲĶɣʤǱȻĽȻһЩ˼ȡˣͲҪˡ˵ţһۺ
Ĵĺܣ͸һһҲ⣬һһҲ£·¶ҪӮͱȽգڲ룬Ѱҿ֣ʤصġ
ʵҲ̬Цˣʼˡ
ҷ׷׽ӵм䡣
A
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ޱĿ£ӳһ룬ټʮǮ
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ȡԪĵͺյŵ㣬С󣬶Ƿǳ侲Ҳʲô£ܹȫעⶼرʣںѡȥ֮ǳʤ
ֲֻҪҶ棬ʵǷǳ˵ģԺܿҾͶУȫעͶ룬ӨӨˡ
µһģΪ̫ԣǳźȥģûйעˣԪĵ򣬳룬ɱƬײ
һģҪܳͷģǶ˲ˮźң˶ġ
ڿ˰ɣȲ衣
¶һ裬ߣ˵ǳ˰͸м
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պǺһЦʵ̫ԣҷǳԣãɱɱ磬Ҳܱ¶˷ȡʤ
ԣü˼
ֵ׷ʤˣһ䣬Ϊⲻܣ׷Ů˵Ȩ棬κ˵ģһӮҵõ˵أΪǱȻơ
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ӨӨںҵļۣͥѾȫûˣǵĽ̸һŷ硣
ѩӨӨֻ̰ʣԪĵͺһĸŮ

ԪĵӳԼеĳ롣
һԵЩȣСڱЩԥ
ԪĵȴЦĿŮ
Ҹ
ҲƳԼеĳ롣
Եü˷ܣСȭעƾ֡
ˣ
ԪĵԼĵ
һº㣬㷽治Ӧó嶯ġ
ǳź̾˿ֿܵܣЦֻõӮңҵȻҪһѡ
ͷǵҲǡ
Цˣʱˣ֮ҹ͵ΪֹȥϢɡ
ȵҶ뿪֮󣬺ͻȻӺᱧסԪĵЦӮңҪʲô
ԪĵϵҪ
ǿǲУҪšɣźϴ衣
Ԫĵһ£ҲŲҪ
չЦǿɲ㡣

ڳˮԡڣڴľͰڣ˫Ŀţ˫ſţԪĵĽͷںյļϣ޶˶һɵı顣

Ԫĵ
š
Ԫĵ΢΢̧ͷ°͵ںյļϣᲦԵļƷ˿ʵ֧𣿡
ֻųԵġɽ͡ѹԼֱϣиˬYY΢΢ƫͷ촽£Ц֪
ԪĵһЦֿ
յͷҪ֧ԪҲӦ֧ÿ˶Ӧ֧
ԪĵΪʲô
Ц±ٴҲЩŮ˳£ⲻܹƶģҲκܹƶġⶼΪı仯Ӷĳ֣һȻҲһֱȻҵõǰķչ˿ʼԼг
Ů˲ܹṩܰ˹гܻ֪񳤰Ѿɵҵӡ˰ǸŮźܴĹϵԼ²ڣҲҪŮ˸ߵĵλʵǿ͹ģᷢչģֻﵽ˵Ŀġ
Ԫĵ˼һ׹ǰĻ²ܽŮ˳£Ҳû¸ŮʼŮ£ǸһϵûУҪŮ˲ֻܹ߳Ǽ̣ץסһǳĻᣬѧʵþɾӣΪѧճʱû˿ϣŮãôЩŬڵȻջļڣͷѽǱڣ㿴͸Ҳ˵Ǯ
ҡҡͷҲᣬҪǮĻǾͻڰŮˣԼҪԼȥɣҪŮԼȥȡֻеʶǵʵ֮󣬲Żͬǵĵλԣ㵹ǿԾһЩǮ
Ԫĵ΢΢һЦ΢΢ƫͷںյļϣȻش⡣
սֱ̯˻ᱧסԪĵһֺֻȻһͦεġɽ͡
ԪĵֵĴ֣ʱǲˣҿɲٻһͰˮ
յȥˣֻѡ


1996 ʱ淨
͢ǳȷƫ̻ˣ߳µ˵ȻǷǳ˷ܣΪѾʤΪڴͳ˼Уûг֧֣͢ǲܳɹ
ͬʱŮвЩŮˣһЩǳвŻŮˣЩŸ߹ʵĹŮӡ
ѰŮǲʲô׵ģܶŮЩŮˣǶѾڹ֤Լ˲ֻǰûƽ̨չʾҲԼ׼ＸȻûеǵλǲˣǾͶԴ˸еǳĲ
ˣЭʾϣܹ޽ѧԺʱЩŮǵʱǷľΪǼҶǮԼ׬ôǮûк֮ǵģĵþһ
ԭǴԳļ裬Ǻһ£ԸֵļĻŮжԾͺԣɽЭ棬Ǿֻغ˵Ҫ˭
Ȼͳȫֻ£ѧԺȡΪŮӴѧΪ̫ܽѧֻ½һ
ļٶǷǳĿֲһ֮ڣЭͳＯһǮԪĵһ˾һǧǡ
Ů˿ʼǮҲĵľǮ֮;һǧᣬ֮ʦҲھǮ
ȵ˿ʼǮ֮󣬽бԽŮԱֱӾһظֽѧԺ
˿ɶǳģһֱڹע£³͢ԴȣŮ˶ϻȥǿɾͿˣŮǵĿͻǱ޴ΪŮ˵ûȫͬʱǵİ֣ͬҲǱ޴ԸŮ˵ģʵˣԸŮ˵ģҲˡ
ǮһٹǮķϣ¸ȥģ¶˸ʾҾ֧ǵģΪĿͻȫŮˡ
ûйãѧԺĽͼֽѾŵǰǽ̣Ůкܶⷽ˲š
һҲϽأ̫ѧŪ棬ŮӴѧȽˣǳ͢ɾͶˡ
ͬʱԺҲϢʾȡѧԺķʽƹѧģʽԺǱģΪ˼룬һǾЩѧʲҪܱ˼ȥѧ
ӨӨ̸ϵԺʾϣԺչȫĺӿαʦо⣬ǶԸ⻨Ǯ룬ֻҪԺԸǡ
˫Ȼܿʹ˺
أ
ӨӨǸߣձ˳
ͷǳ̾˿
յ̫ʷΪ̾
̾Ҵڳﱸ̫ѧʿӣǾͰʾԺԸǣǡƺԸ⣬ҵĺ⡣ԣǵľƷԺʿȫƿƳв˶ͬģΪƷԺʿûʸǣ˵вҲһֱоѧͲҪǰæ⣬ЩƷԺʿҲԸЩЩʿӴ򽻵ΪһֱЩ˶ǡ
Щ˻Ǳ¸ˣʵĵƨҾġЦȻˣҲͲȥǵƨɣԼȥаɡ
ʵϣЩ˵ģں˼ҿշѧ϶ǻӭģΪصļƻļƻһɷ磬ӿƹѧȺٶȡ
ǱҲ˵ѧ֪ѧôǲԸһԼһԼʦһЩǿˡ

¬ҩ̡
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¬ʦԵͷ˵ģҪһٹŮӴѧûоô
ѾˣٵͷֵǡȥŮӴѧҽ
¬ʦһ㶣Ӧأ
ûУҡҡͷֵ˵Ҫһ¡
¬ʦԵôǵأ
ٵҾû⣬Ҿ
¬ʦʵΪûоܾأ
һ̾ҪѧԺҵַǳϲ飬ҲȥŮӴѧѧϰҾ룬ҪҲȥǱ߽ѧĻչһȥŮӴѧҩ˭ѽңҽҲ֪ܲܽˡ
¬ʦЦҽȥǣǴ´ࡣ
䣬һ˽үˣˡ
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¬ʦԹЦʲôʱҲôȽء
£Цǵ֮ɡ
¬ʦԹһЦæ
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¬ʦԵ¬ɣҽǰרΪű֮ҩ
¬ʦԿ٣ɾҪˣ
ϳ˽
ǫûʲôⶼʦġ
¬ʦæɲô˵ʦµķӣǰҲùЧԶǸĽķӡ
ٵҲ˺С硣
ղʲôϵ
ЦҾǽƵķҩġ
󷨣Цԭˡһ䣬ҩЧΣ
ٵҩǰѾ뵽ˣЩһֱƣҲκ˺ЩˣȻĻҲ𡣡
յͷ
¬ʦԵȥҩ
УԵһ
Ȼᡣ
յ㽫ҩøҸ
¬ʦԵǸ㣬Ǹ͢ģҲ˵ô͢ڿϡϺǱߣҪҩ
ȻҪȻҲջһתǿҩ̵ģֲǿõġΪһˣӦǽҩȥǽҩҡ
¬ʦЦҪ׬ǮĻͲʦѧϰҽҪġ
Ц׬ǮĻ;Ȳˡ
¬ʦźͿ˻
յ¬ɣҽֹģΪ˵ʲôܹκãҪϵȥоҪǮûǮĻܹƳ⿹űҩô϶ܣԲһվܹõġҷӦüԼҩ̣ɴͳһţ׬ǮΨиǮܹ뵽˲ţоõҩңҩ̸ɵԽãϵļҩԽ٣һǳõѭ
¬ʦԵͷͦеֿ١
ٵǡ
¬ʦ˼ðɣͰ˵˵ҩŵһһЩġ˵ͻȻʲôƵãֵмС£ø⡣
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¬ʦԵģŮӴѧϣȥҽӶò⡣
һЦ¬֮ԥΪҩ̵°ɡ
¬ʦԵͷˡ
յҾʵǿһá
¬ʦæʵ˻
յ¬ڼҵʱҲоҩɡ
¬ʦԵͷǵȻ
յȻ˵ĻǺβͽʵҰᵽŮӴѧȥȥǱооĹУЩѧҽңҲҪȥпյʱȥһ£Ҳֻһλʦƾ¬˵ҽӦõμģҪȥϿΡ
¬ʦЦҪܹˣٺòˡ
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֮ͶѣʵҲǾ֮ͣӦҪֻȥͨʦǾͱǡһֵ
¬ʦԷ򸾽Ц
ͻȻʵ¬ɣи⣬һֱ㡣
¬ʦԵʲô⣿
յǹҽѧģ˵⿹űҩɣ֪Ϊʲôܹű
¬ʦһ㶣⵱ȻȱγԣԼεʵŵóĽۡ
ҡҡͷҵ˼ˣȷ˵ֽȻͬҩȴܹͬһֲΪʲôأǲֲͬ߶Ϊʲôܹͬһֲأǵͬǲͬأ
¬ʦԳ˼Σҵû֪кθ߼
յҲ֪㿴ҵѧûУоһۡ
¬ʦԵͷҿ
յֲͬҩȴܹͬһֲҲ˵֮нֻǱϲͬһֻ߼ͬʡ۳ĻôǲǿΪҩźܶۿʣֻһֻ߼ܹĳּûõģܹʸҩЧǲǻһЩأ
ٵ˵ѽҵҩܾǴܹűʣʴҩЧŻ
ЦֻǴɣܹ׼ȷ֪ʣ׼ȷİ취׼ȷôܹ׼ȷβ
¬ʦԵͷ֮֮ôһֱû⡣
յſչⷽоרſһҩƷзңµһУѾȡ˺ܴĳɹ¬ȤĻԼ롣
¬ʦһѾȡóɹϲȤȤ֪ȡĳɹ
ЦҷԣģЩñܣҲ¬ɣǹؾ͵ˣ¬ԸĻҲǩЭ飬ϾôǮϾҲһ˵Ѫ
¬ʦ£æǸǸһʱ̫˷ˣû⣬ʱԸ롣
շǸ⣬ͻȻȷȤ·Ϊһȴ
ЦУʱپ
ʵһʼûд¬ʦԼ룬Ϊ¬ʦֱ̫һ㣬̫ÿƣ쳤ڸƷźܴȱݣž¬ʦԡϾ쳤ǰרŪҩģźˣеΣյģҩʦǵлְҵأ¬ʦԾǺвصһˣ¬ʦҲⷽţϣܹкһ£ҽϣǸ˼ϡ


1997 ˵

ѩɣѩɣ˼˭ϵᣬϵõή
ֱ̰ŶһںԺתţһ߳ͯҥС٤Ҳͦģһ߻С֣ߴߴ˵һЩ˵˵ţԼ񡱵ĴЦҲúǹЦ
Զӣաݺݡں٤Ƿ۵¡
ڼ䣬ǰڼҴӣʱȥһãȥĵ٣ҲѩڳһЩʱϾЭô£Ϊ᳤ѩܵó档
ԣ񺫼ȫߵǼҵŮ˸æµҵ֮󣬶ô֧Ψ˱ȽУ˻һȥһȦ
ʵͦʱ̵ģܺ٤ô֣Ҳеκβͷǳģڴ˵գͲ̼񾭡
飡
ȻߵĽ洫һôƺ٤ֹ֣ͣߴߴĴ۾źգȻ˺ա
ʲô
ҲһһէĿŶӡ
٤ִĿźգһ˫С§סյĲ
ߣȥ
ձŶӣѰһСԺ棬ԭһڿ
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ү
˼ͻȻ˽ŵһûһϥϡ
ûдͷĿעŷڵǸӣֻǼԲΣײһѷĿ̶סģϵġ
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յͷѿף˵˼άľͷ̶ڼ⵶ϣһȥͿˣʵⶫģ
˳ϻ̳ϿֵعүĻСԼġ
վȵģ
˵ͷ
ʵֹߣøͷҪô
˺ЦҪһЩ
ȤȤЦŵͷֵȥררȻȥżҴĲ˵һٹ϶еá
ѵһ
˵ĴӶʱлͺ˵ⶼܹרүŪҵİɡ
ǳ£ɫҪǲ֣ͽйܼһȥ˵ҷԸģˣ
˵ţŶ裬ź٤ֵСֻӶš
˻һľȵճСԺ֮ŻعɫȻǳɫԭرҽŴеϣҵĽţ


ХƺҲһŮ¡
Ϊ߼ѧԺɲô׵ģȵսѧԺҪѵö࣬Ϊ״ӿαʦͳͳûУѧ׻Ǹոճѧʣûһ³̣ⶼҪԼȥ취ȥокܶܶҪﻹϵǿʤ
ЭԺҲ֮ϣЩԺʿһֱоѧⷽ棬Ѿ൱֪ʶкܶĳɹʵǿʱֻû˹עǶѣЭŷḻĽѧ飬ܹܿĸЩ֪ʶƶѧ٣ҽЭỹɳѧԺеľӢרƷԺʿѧϰ
ǱߣΪһЩ֪νӣȫԼ㣬֯һСȺ壬ԼȥоȻҲǵϵţܿƾټڵľӣƳƾҪһҪʫӿʫģҪŬȥѧ϶ɾ͵ģ˷Ѻܶʱ䣬нݾߣƫƫԶ·ǻЩŮջѧϰ
һֱţûиЩʾǵĿľֻΪҪһŮӴѧŮѧϰѧ˶ѣԽô֧ǵ˷Խ࣬ΪѾ˹ʶЩְλŮҪʺϣȫŮˡ

գڳ˺ܶĺգڰʱ֣óȥ
Ϊ˶ˣ
ŶĽ٣Ǳѽ붬ʱڣǳ䣬´ѩûʲô¸ɣ˶Ҳ˻ص뺫ջ㱨ȻҲ˼źա
˶˼ˮյ˼Ļ
ǱжĵУռ˶棬ֱӳȥıסʵ˵㡣
˵ţȥ
˶ѹûзӦͱǵ糺죬׻ǵ͹˺յ̰
վôʱĲҪ̫ߣҪˮ齻ڣΨܺݺݵ㷢Լе˼֮飬ʵյ飬Ҫô嶯ôȡ
һʱ֮
˶⣬ſںϣ࡭㡢˫ںյϣ΢΢⣬õһзǶô֮죬ż飬ʵ˶涼ûлعô͹ⴲˣԽԽջ𣬡ݺݡţŭǿɶŸջ͡
˵棬˫糺죬ȴԵԸޱȡ
ḧǹ⻬񱳣ʵտˮô
˶üһ壬ʲô˼
յտˮ͵ðǲֹģҶ˼ͬտˮҪðٺҲǵסġ
ʲô˶úֺЦİһۣ߲λô
ˡյǳôãҲһġҲ֤һ㣬Ҿ̰ͼǵɫǷİǣֻǰı﷽ʽҿڼɵġ
˶ݺһĲᣬߵڰ׵Ŀڲ
ȴƺûǺ쳱δʾӣ˫˿ǼϻС飬һԾͽǰȴַ·Զߣǽסģʱֿʧһ㡣
˶ԼͻȻ¶ŨŨ˸кͲᣬʵôأ
һĺ촽£ЦûʲôǱʱ򣬸оЩʵ
˶ε̾˿ҵϣֻһجΡ
جΣ
һЦͻȻһѹ£ǰһ׻λΣ۷ֱȴǾ֤һ£⵽ǲΡ
˶澪ŵô֡쵰
÷֮󣬳˶ǳײˣԹԵںջȴɢŵҸʡ
յʵǲجΣ
˶Ƥ̧ۺգأ̾˿ε㣬ҲҵĽ
յͷȫͬעģҲ˵עҪҵŮˣΥѽͱֿˡ
˶磬ǼȾߣ־ҸҲ磬ĿϣıסգջＷ˼ٱҽһЩ
˫ֽ
һ򣬳˶˯˹ȥǻ¶ӤǴЦݡ
һʵû˯ȾҲֻںջſԼȻҪʱʱ̶̿ſԼҲʧȥָо
Ҳ֪˯˶ã˶ֲԾһţ˫Ŀһֻ߿տҲĪֻѹ
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˶͵תͷһֻնһС˽ʱ˱Ƕ
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˶գһ죬¶ߵɫ㡣
պǺֱͷңңھֲҸղŷµĹ
˵ţսŵһߣȻ¹棬óһ˯ǳİ˶洩ϡ
㻹
֪ĳ˶ݺݵֱ˼
ϣ
͵ֱҲ̫˰ɣ
˶ŭиصģҪҪԡ
ҿɲ볢ԡպǺһЦų˶µôϡ
Ͼ˶ûг־ҵ˶أ˶ܶˣưĽ˸⡣
Թ֮󣬶һ˶һƣϣٯٯ˵һЩǿޱȡ
ѽ
˶ͻȻʲô¶Ǹ˵ˣ˵ţŭĵ˺һۡ
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˶˰ΣͻȻһЦͬʱһ޵ĳ嶯һʹ⺫յĳ嶯Ͳһô
ίѾ˰
㡭Ҳ˵ˣ
˶ѾԼĴҪȱˣһɲʮ꣬ȴһ㶼ûб䡣
𣡡ոϽס֣ʵǱߵô
˶滹ǲ̫ĿһۣƬ̣ŵսĵҪԤеĿöࡣ
һâʲô˼
˶Щʵ̫ˣоİնǹƤëѪҰһ㣬֯ҵٵĿԣǵƷȥ֮󣬷ǳǵϲһЩ䶼Ѿȫ֮ķ̣ǻϤ򵤡δεȲһЩǵĻͼ۳۸ǣһЩǽԼҵҪǹƤƷߣԴǿԴﻻȡĻ
ԼɫƷǿԭó׵ģǾͿʼģˣۼߵԽԽ࣬չĹģԶԶǵԤơͬʱҲļʺͷΪĲԣ̫ԣˡ֮ǰϵ̸ոȥȻĿǰûѡµ˳Ǿ֪Ǻϣ̳˳֮λ
սüͷҿǷƷӰ
˶֪
յͷЦ߾ʱҾѾռЩǵϣһ˳߸ǷǳҴƵģҲƶ˲ƣǰ̾һɣǼȲұѴƣֲԸƣ˲ŷЩ˳ɳ
˶һҼ̳˳֮λټļʺ̰ս̾ͻ졣
ЦǵúЩˣҪϽװԼңҪṩһôƳǵɡ
˶ʵʲôɣ
ЦȥƶȣҪϳƶȣȡƶȣȻ󳹵Ҵơ
˶Լǹ塣
ЦͬҲˣݸǴĲƸȨԶԶҪʤڹݵģҪ֪ЩҪΪɲһ׵£ҪǳпƴɱڵǶԣȻΪ׸ҪһЩҴƣƹƶȣǶǸģ˶˽ģֻҪˣǾ֪ô
ͨնԣǵȻҲŸǻӦüӴЩ˵İܹòƸסİգһ㣬ǳ׳ΪҪҸĶࡣȻһֹģͳΪƶȵĶԿĻǴƾɳǣǡ
˶ΣͻȻҡҡͷҾס
ʵΪʲô
˶Ҫ֪Ҵƿɲֹ㸮źܶ㸮ƻҲֹҪԸôĻô㸮һҴз֮ģȷˣҪٳɹɾˣԣҿЩֶ֮ĹϵڶȻ֮Ǿ˵ô⾿ô£ǲ編ƣһƻ
һǺǣɲҵļƻĿͻȻ˸˼¡
˶Ĳ׽ˣѽô벻һ㣬ֻһնֻֻǿźգǲδ˵
ʵ˵ƻһӣ֮ⲻھư
ЦȻǣҸ㵱Ȼ˵ִеʱ򣬱뿼Щ⣬ǵļƻ
˶Σ˵ͷ֪ôˡ
ԥƬֵ̣ˣʵ
˶Ļҵְ㣬Ҫǣңҽôģܲ˵˵ܹģ֪Щ˵ỵµġ
꣡ۿһ죬˵ҡ
˶ֱһͷŭϣɾ䣬ȫûκεĳɡ


1998 
Ԥƣ

ѵͲ֪жôôһȽȥ֮󣬰һСȺѸٻ۲ƸǻǷǳ׵ģΪһհ׵гǾ˵ĸأټ⻹ǴлܶܶİİΪһˣôܻˡ
ΨһĽͣĿĿܲô򵥡
ƻֻһ档
˶ľܹ⺫գɫһ֪ϢӦòԵȣʵ۲ʲô࣬ʹȫ࣬ˣǾһỵµġ
ʵߵļŮһ㶼ķǳã£һʼˣµȻ֪ղܣֵĺ£ʰģȻʹҲûдɰʵףҲûбźջشҲǺģ˺ռɡ
ںնԣ˵ƭǼҳ㷹ѾΪϰߣҲھı֮˵ѣΨһİ취ǲ˵Ȼ˵ֻǱɽһǣʵ
ڵдգµɽȥȻҲයһЩʱգʵǲģһƽ޹ʧüգ˶ҲϾߣõȵĩŻ뿪
ǺղδŻڣȥг
ҡ
һִ̼յ׷ڡ
յȥݣϻس

Ȼᡣ
ͻȻֵ̧֣ݲԸϻ͸ַļѾõͻƣΪһģҲϻسԭ򡣡
С˼סˣ
ȥɡ
С˸ˡ
ȵ˳ȥ֮󣬺նϵͣͻȻһ˷ܵĹâ


ջļڣÿ˶ϲĵı仯췴ջļڡ֮Խ＾ջļڣΪմʳʳСũõһУضũסˣʳǶƷƷҪȥòƸջ
æµʱҲǶ죬Ϊ˵ˣҲȥҳ˶棬ϸվȥ˶ҹĸŮУ˶ٵġ
һһǳҪҪ̸͢УǾǴȯ
˶ڻҵĿѾٽ㣬ҪٲҵĻгܻѾչֹģûлңͭǮ˹ȥʵ̫鷳ˡټгȴûлҵĽףǷǳˣڲĽףͣͲǰΪ̫鷳ˣȫǿԭó֧ţڲ̫Ͼġ
еĴȫ˳ȲҪ̸óףǾҪңǴȯ
ֱס
˵ҲãҲգһøǻңǲٵˡ
׼ʮȯͶŵȥ
ǮȻøķʽΪֱӸĻǾͲǴȯһŷֽϵģûȡļֵȯͶ룬ŷֳ֣һַŵĽУڸ˴һڴ˴εóף͢һЩƥƤҩģȵȡһ־ڽ裬г·裬м裬оǹٸĽ衣
ٸǴĹٸΪûй̶˰գھ˹Ӷǰ£ٸ˰Ǹݵذյ󣬽Ҫ·ǾͶһЩ겻·Ǿٸһ㡣͢һֱҲûиʲô˺մʮ棬ʮᣬרعٸĽ裬ȫڱȽƶأͥ󶼻ûзֵһǮΪǽͨҪ˶ǱߣǲȱǮ
Ͷʷ˶Ƿǳ⣬ΪͶʵع̣ԼдΪشҵģذմȥƸģǵȻ⣬ûһΪҲΪտ϶άǵ棬Ầǵġ
鰡
Ǳ߳˶漸ͬʱ뿪ģ˼ֵʮĻȻû˵Ǵ̬ȺͶϣһսܹ㵽
ʮĻԣһʲĲƸ
Կ϶ǣòôԵȵĽôҪȡЩƷƱؾͻһ˱ҪӴôҪиߺƤôͻߣǵʵͻԽԽǿԽԽԣѵԶԣǾͻӼᶨȥҪƷƶȡ
վҪӿ̡

ȥ
ůŴϣڳܶܶ꣬ʼδڣδΪ룬
һ̣Ƕôź
ǽգůǵ
ˣˣ޵ǵˣ
վһȴǰֻԼģ˫ۣͻȻﲻԾĸߺŴľɫ̧쵽һʱָһƬ⣬ȻֻȥͻȻתͷʵ⡪⡪

ԡⲣ𣿡
Ȼԡյͷ
εõ϶Ĵ֮󣬲Žȥḧ͸һĲ̫ˣ̫ˣ
һԵĹȴ󳼣Ҳǿżѡ
ƽΪĶ
⡭⾿ʲôģ

θû˵ʲôʵǺ˷ģ
յ£дܷѺռͬзġΪļһֱȲǱߣǵˣеǳң˽Ǿֱ׷зָĲ֪֮ΪⲣܶڱµĪİ̻Ǯﹺ˵һΪǳ޵ģʱֻڱµ޹ǵѾеĲ
úúãˣ
üжֵЩҲֵüνģ־񣬲Ҵưոеľκη棬ǴƶӦҪһҲӦǵһ
յ˵̫ˣǴǵΪǿĵ۹κη棬ǵߵģǵİģκη棬ǶӦˡ
ùһЦȻ۾ʱʱģȴۼ֤һ۹ĵҾеģЩ˵Լһŵ·ȡ˾޴ĳɹҲӦ˰һֱֵũɣҵѾƿΨйҵܹҴưٳ߸ͷһ
ĹȻ̫ͬµҲ÷Ǻ´ʵⲣһ˰ɣ
ǷǳĽ¿飬붼ͦѽ
յʱȽϹΪû˴ģ۸ӦûήģҪĳƷ඼òǾһǳʧܵƷǻʧְò˶ãǵİվܹõⲣ
յļټĲͼ֮ڣһռׯĲѾȫǺãΪ˼ӿȣɻҹͣÿĹʣڽʲôģǶֳɵģΪڸ㽨裬´Ĳӿ볤㹻ԭϣʵڵʱ򣬲Ѿʼ
Ϊոļǳ죬ҪȥУֱɾˡ
Ȼʵ֣ϾϸˣɵΪ˸ʱ䣬ѼǮ϶Ҫ׬ġ
õꡣ
ۣô˰ףɣľС֣Ƕѽ
ּææõĻʱǼˣټĻңĵطûУңһɫȫǳһָĸ̣ٴֵɣľС֡
ûйҴкһ۾鵽ܷѺ̼˹գܣǰҾ֪ǿ϶дû뵽Ūôһıţ˵ǲչǵҴﶩһʵĻǿֱǩʮĺԼ
ǾƲܴñȽӦõϣܾͻе¢ϣǷǳĽš
Ĺӣ󵽣վȥ
мǮµ
ŭⲣһʲôϵгģǼƴҲû¡
Ǯ󷽵˭˵ûйϵѵ֪ⲣܹƿô
־ȵƿӣܰɡ˵ⲣô
СӾͱ£ȥŰɡʵܽѾ㲻ˣ֪ݣڶʮ˵Ÿա̸
ȥȥȥվȥ

ܷһﲻƷŲ裬ֻƽȹΪζĲ裬˵裬ʱ˿̣һҲƷƵζҾԲᷴӦԼȵΪ̫ˡܷѣĴˣΪ𣬵ƲʵΪںҺ̫ãҲæַչһؿǳͷԾװơ
ǵһظܵϰǮ͵ǰǮָо̫ˬˡ
˵Ҫǲʮǰܻô䶯ҲǵݳƷ
־Ͳܼ򳵴ûƷ˭뵽СҲϣĹͷǷŵڣǿɾͲһˣͺñ˼ﶼһͰÿͰȱһ飬һƷôҵȻ
ܷٵⲻǮڲ


1999 ޽
ⲣĳ֣һε֮С
һΪֵܵˮ֯
ȫ̸ⲣÿ˶ȡ򵽲
ɼ񳤰İգЩ죬Ƴ籸ڷĵĳݡ
ܷѡΪֵ̲֮һԳӢۡڳڽӵʱ򣬲˵ҪŴʿȥѧϰΪѧûãҪѧѧֵܣѧС֣ѧܷѡܼ򵥣ʮ꺮ҲкܴĿܿϣʲôһҹʱͿԸıԼ켣
ǰҶЩķԱӵ̬ȥ˵ݣǴһʱһʱ
ɼյ˼ǱĬķ仯
ϵû׷泤һɳԴӺ쳾֮䵮˵һ־ǣȻ쳾ֻ꼻һ֣ҲΪˣնǳ쳾û˾ú쳾һĸˣ̬Ҳͷ˸ı䣬ǶԸ˵Ŀ
һʰնַǳȤҵҪԶʤԺǳԺ屶֮࣬Щӣʫˡ˶ȥΪǿʼó̫Ȥˣ֪ŬɻվͿŶˣСܹϼ䡣
ʵҲλҲйϵΪȱʳԴҲǰǳ͢ˣȨ֤ʵҲȥַԣɼû㹻潻ƷԴǿ϶Ȳϵģ³նһĹʶǷܹַ٣һҵͣ£ǴҾͶûˣԳκηնǷǳӵǳĵģʵ˶ͬҵߣΪ֪ЩܹΪṩҵλ۵ʳġ
ǾģȥʳǱؾ˲ҪôŬҲܹİվûֽȸУңҵҲҵλϵݡݾͺ񳤰ݾǷҵǳǿԪݷչķǳãΪϽڵģݹҵǿȥϺϺˣʮа˾ˣνΪۿھݣҪݣҽõˡ


ʱ֡
̫ˣ
εһվڴ޹ڣϦһ
Ϊʲô޽Ϊ̫̫ͣʪƾͷǳߣԺܺõϼȻҲֻվ޹ΪҲ޹޺ˡֲһϲ˷ѵĻʵۣûҪҪ޽
£ˣ
ѵ
ȻᣬȻᣡٿһᡣ˵ţֵʺҲ
ǡһЦߵǰ
ָŴǲǺ
Ϊ͸սǲһҲǵһ͸ϼһɧð˳
ЦŵͷĿ˸Ĺâ£ΪⲣܷѵģǴƵı
εͷ⵱ȻǵģǿɲҪٴǴƹ˵䣬һԺ
Ϊ͢ӦøܷѸıߣһòط¶ȥ
οʲô飿
ݳ֪ܷѡϱ߹һׯⲣĿľΪ˱ԼطΪǸׯǳƫƧܹ͢Ȩ޽ǽǿرɽ԰Ǹӱⲣط
εͷ㿴Űɡ
δΪУʵκƷûκƷֻҪ룬Ϳ϶ǵһϵģǾѽҪΪеĻ϶Ҫıô͵ùӪʣƳǴ£ǼԹӪԴޱȵʹޣ͢ҪӪվͿֱ췴ΪΪҲ
Ц֪ˡ


˵û
һ߳ŷһߺ˵
Ц˵أ
˵ǲ棬͸͸һǼʲôʱҲܹϲ
յµѽ㸺ǼҵĲ񣬵ֻܰȡ
ڴĿһԹؾسԷĺʵ㣬ô
ܵܣǲģȹһҪࡣ
Ƶһѽ
ⲣֲǱҪĶҪ򡣡
ƵĿۺ㣬ǼҿɲȱǮ
ⲻ׬Ǯǵ׬ģѡҾͲǵǮ
Ŷ
죬ϴ󲻸ˣվҳԱˣ㣬ԣһطҵȥˣƲֵĳȥ
￴۵ܵܣһѹյǲأ
ˣЦ㵱ȻûΪӦˣϸ㣬ɲ˵ǮӦʲôõġΪʲôǮΪǱ˸ӶǮЩҲʧȥƸʵʺԼˣһʲôҪõġ
ǵܵܲģǳ˵ǼҪÿ춼ô
ЦһȤ⣬ΪǲģΪ֪һ֮󣬲϶ή۵ģⲣֲǷԾͻһҲûʲô⣬ԴӽǮ㣬㵱ȻǶԵġ滹üܵܵ飬ǲǵ¼أ
£ͻȻһ˼ǣ
Цɻû˵꣬㷽Ҳ˵ˣǮǵģɲģǲһġ
СüͷһΣŮЩס
ЦΪҪÿļ֧ͥһɹļǱ֤֧ͥƽȣҪ²̫ҲΪʲôﶼǺϸļȻǼҪôõط͸ʡһ㣬ֻҪ֧ûӾˡ
ϲŮ֪ˣŮȻȥܵǵĿ֧ʡǮ
ЦŵͷС͹ɶ£ǺܷģҲδҵΪٹģһҪܵףûʲôǿֿɵõģҪܹõ֪ܳҲҪԽ
ͷŮסˡ
ЦǸŮʲôĵôģ
Ůתͷȥֻλ˽
С
վɵغ
ԪĵһֻͷŮ˵ʲôôǽ֪
ЦǸŮܣͱϹ̽ˡ
һתһҵȥˣ˵ţͿ첽뿪ˡ
ºǺЦЩģ·ⷽˡ
ʲô·ûĵһֵۣǳûУûԵĻҰȥ
ѩѾгǱ߳Թˣ
ʵôһģ
ЦǵܣͱϹ̽ˡ
տЦʲôʱܱѧҡ
µгһܹ춷Ӯʱ򡣡
̾Ҫϣѧˡ
ѩԪĵڴЦ
ºߵ⣬һգҲȭͷҲܹӮ㡣
ԪĵЦ΢΢ҡͷʵȥŮӴѧǱˡ
Цȥҵܹ⣬ôҲȥأѵֺǮ
һӣǳĿźա
յˣѧҵѧѧҵƤܹƱǮǾһֱ¡
ǳ˳飬ӲǱûЦƤҿѧ
յǾˣ
ԪĵЦҲŮˣҾǮҲӦõģҺܶ˶ڹעŮӴѧµûдѧԺĳɹʵҲھʾǣӦõõѧӦõõӡ
ѩͷЩƷԺʿѧϰ֮УǷֺܶ෢죬ܶ๤ѧĪĹϵ
ԪĵΪһˣҲϣ߼˲ţعȥȷǴԪҵһǮŮӴѧ
ѩҲҲ㽫ǮȫŮӴѧ
һ仰ûУֻǷǳĿźա
һѽԼĴϣһ䣬ˣܷҵϣһ·Ͼɱˡ
·ǳȻĿںջɡ
˵꣬ԼȡЦ
աԪĵѩҲЦ
ͻȻ֪˶̸ǲ
ЦȻ֪ӷŻǼ㻻ϲ
ʵѵûô
յֲң¥װװҿ˵㣬˵˲㣬Ѿ¹滮ǽĿ֧ȡ֧ʡǮǼϲ
öҪˣǳǼʲôʱôأ
Ц˭ǽǮŮӴѧˡ
ԪĵһЦôûдӵԽĲƸͱҪøϸʽһһǮ
ûǿǳİܼӣһͷϻǮ㹻Ѱջһˡ
ԪĵҴ磬ԼԪõЩǮԪҸǻӻģҶԸĻǼҲóһǮӻⲢûйϵǱҪϸĹ滮
µǷǳ˵ô˭ʡǮܹơ
Ԫĵ˵ǹʽʡǮ
˫ֽ£ûеϼԼλԭ򡣡
ܱܲ¡Ʋ죬Լ׶ӱѣоζӳ£ҿ׸ĵλѽ˼ĲƸܻᳬ㣬֪֪Ǯȥ
Цô⣬ôҲñס׸λ
У
ĵİһۡ
ԪĵҪԽĲƸˡ
ѩΪʲô
ԪĵҲǴԪезֵģҪԶԪиǿ󣬲һԪŷǳĹɷݡ
һ͵͵
ºߵʲô͵һ˴ţҲûʲôϵ



2000 
صĶϽǴһռذ˰Ķĳѧʩ֮С
ѧԺԽԽѽ
֣пѧһǣпͬеĻгӡС¬ʦԡ
˰ĶĴѧں㲻ʲôǾǳѧеһ̫ѧѧǼֱС׼ס
е˵ŮӴѧɱ̫ѧҪϲٰ
ӵӦõģŮӴѧǮŮ˵ľ뽨У̫ѧǮȫԳ͢ǵȻýÿһǮڵϡ
Ц˼Ī˵ЩŮںһӻ
æҿɲ˼˵ţֿЦɲ׵Ů˰
С֣йЦ
¬ʦͻȻǲû˷Ǯʵ滮ԶûôǺԺԺʿӴ֮󣬲Ųϸı֮ǰĹ滮Ҳڿһѧ
ʵ¬֣ǴӺε֪ģ
¬ʦЦ˵Ѿﵣθ߼ʦҵġԭйصҽѧҵİţһңǺҪһҩƷзңȻ漰ҩƷôֵòһֲʵҩֿȻҲǱáˣһңһԺ
ԭˡ
ӵͷ̾ǵõСѧʱҶ֮Աǣѧܿͻʧ˭ܹ뵽ܹչֵزôȥֻ»һ
֣üҲǹ⣬ҲֿͬʳΪ죬ı׶ˣǲܹǴƸѧǿԵġ
ҡҡͷҲôΪ˼Ѿ򵥵һѧʣĻԭĻѾڵÿ˵ѪҺУǵоֹң˼룬ѧֻһѧʣ˼Զ
¬ʦԿЦôһ˵ǿ϶޳Ҵǹٵġ
˻һǽһ
¬֣˵ʲôҪǹ٣оȵ
¬ʦԵͷ
Ϊʲô
¬ʦԲʵ˵Ϊʲô
һ㶣ǶҳģȻΪΪ񡣡
¬ʦЦŵͷҾҵܹİգԶҵҽܹİҪٵö࣬˵Ҹξأ
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¬ʦԵⲻҪ֤ʵˣڳʵ󣬵ÿһµҩƷȴܹİա
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¬ʦԿС
еһֵ׳Ҫ󳼾Ȼǳʣ⡭
¬ʦԹһЦҲ뵽һ㣬ǰ취
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¬ʦһ㶣ҿɲܸ˵
ЦҲ㣬ڸ취
¬ʦԳƬ̣æֵлл˷̫ˡ
ֵ㲻Ӧ˵ллĻѾ̫ӵҡ
¬ʦ£Цţװһɵɡ
еͷ¬ֵķԸСҲӡ
ףǱô
ͻȻָתǡ
̾Ŀȥ
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ǹȥ
Ȼȥ
ޱתȥҿɲ뿴һȺŮǰҫ
¬ʦԡ֣һۡ
֣СӨӨˡ

ŮӴѧĳŮǰһ󲽣ǵȲѧ֮ѸٵıԼΪÿŮ˶֧ߣⶼҪɵġ
˵Ů˵ǲݺӡ
վѧĴǰԵĿźա
ԶֻۣӨӨ뼸Ůʲôʺ⻰ɱ˵Ļǻ὾ġ
ӦýΪΪŮ˴˼ʵĻﲻΪЦ
յô뻹ÿʺ󡣡
һ㶣һۣ⻰ɱ˵
˵ţͻȻǱȥĻǳʶȤĸǱһľ롣
ӱߣЦܷǱѾһ㱨û뵽һ鲣Ȼܹ̺żʮ⡪̫ˡ
֪ܹ׬Ǯģû뵽ô׬ǮҪܹ㵱еܹʮǮԺأƸֱǲɹģҪ֪͢һͶʮȯ
Цһȫ˶Ʒеĸˣ漰棬Ȼġ
΢Цҡͷ˵ţָĿɲ
պǲ֪ʺ˵ǣ
˵ǣ㽫ʮ͸ңȴ۶գһ£ɼĲƸװ
ʺôĻҵĶ͸ˣסԼ󡭡̣ΪĶԸΪʺȥᣬʮᣬʲôΪʲôҪգۡ
򴽣ֻҪ㲻ǽƣҿɾҪոˡ
յгһգҪʺӣҲֻһַʽ
ʲôʽ
յǱŻʺһȥǵǰһģԣ֮Ȼ
ص㰡
ЦЦ̸⣬ֻ˸֮⣬ûκεİͻȻݵ㾭ѧǮ׬ǮΪҪһԼĲƸʱ뵹ùԶˡ
ղ˵꣬벻ʺ㻹жҵľѧ
ͷЦȻҵҪϼĻҲͻزˡ
ҵľѧûôЦҡҡͷֵʺʵǣιתǮɣ
ͷȻǮûе֣Ǯܲˣҵδѣⷽ棬Ȼ̡
յȻͶʰѡõĿͶʣһջ÷ǳƽҲήģֻвϵͶʣͶЩ²ƷŻ׬Ǯ
ЦͬʱҲ˽һΪ˵ҲֱӰ쵽ҵ档
պǺǵʺһλɫμҡ
ﲻʵ㲻𣿡
յûҾͲѡʺ󣬰ҶȨҳΪһɫμҡ
ЦĻȴֲһ㡣
ùЦ
ҲǺЦ˼ֵҾѧԺҲӦһ߼ѧ
ҡҡͷҾʱûбҪ
ʵΪΣ
յгĽǶ˵ѧԺе˲ŵҪԶԶڶڸ߼˲ŵѧѾ㹻ˡβԣʵѧԺĳ֣Ѿ˰ľ룬бìܵĴڣŮӴѧ̫ѧѧ϶ǹ׼ܹìܣĿǰһõ󣬼ӾǸìܣǶԣ洦
˼
ָĲǴ¬ִ֣ͳʿ壬׼еȻҲԼ
Ҫıƶȣı˼룬ַʽһ־ƶȫƷȻµ򣬱Ƚϸɴࡣһ֣ǽɹ½ײ㣬ȥ߽ǣӶµ
ƶƻģɱߵˣⲻϴƵĹ飬ΪڷչķǳãҪݻ٣ȻٽµģǷӸɵ¡
ѧһɹͨ½ײµϵУһЩͳν׼ܹάԼĵλֻ˵һЩʵѧһ˼룬Ϊѧѧ¹ҵŻǰ;
ֵҲԴѧԺѡЩ츳ǳߵѧŮӴѧ̫ѧѧϰ
Ц㿼ǵ꣬԰ɡ
ʱһ˹ʺһ˵Ҫ
յʲôˣ
˵£˵λСҰֵܻˡ
ô
վϲȱ뿪Ȼʺڱϣֻعͷȥ
ȥɣһдӨӨǡ
ǱǸȸˡ
ռҴҵȥ
￴ҴҵıӰ˼Ҳ˵Ĳһɫμҡ

ô㣿
ˣղԵЩȣΪ˲Ƿ¥ˡ
˵ʵС뿪ʱܾѾڻس·ϣСҰһ飬ֻ;гһЩ⣬ǽղŵִﳤ


2001 һʱĿԽ
ոϵͷʱһҷǳصĴͣͷϣƺҲŸոʻͷΪǻæê
տһҴ֮ʱԵü˷ܣؼǸĳܵԼ֡
ɾʵִ
ԭǸѾŪˣۿˣֻŪû뵽ֱŪִһϲ
磡磡
һкղŻعֻװһ곯֣߻վһλòٸ
СҰ
СҰ
տ첽ӭǰȥ
СҰֱӴӼװϷԾߣǸոأȻʲôƵãæȥȻµô
һĻղһЦСǳˣ
СҰµô
ǰסСҰץס˫ۣ£ѵһΪǵסŻ
СҰԭҲôģҸͻȻ֣ڷ¥ҪһЩȥ̻س
ǰһסɽ漸Ҳû⣬ԭҲôΪģǵصǸɽ֮ŷѾвͨˣǶǳաС֡ǡ
˵СҰͻȻһŭҾͲƴȻĻ͵ˣһ·ĥˡ
ЦСҰʲôʱôСˣ
СҰεĿۺգֵҪСĻ͸ĳˡ
ˣˣҲ
żװ˵ⶼҵĴ
̧ͷһݺվڼװϣίԴѾΪ־Եƣһ㶼ûб䣬ղغܣ
Ȼֱϵôȥ
еһ
յͷʾ⡣
ݿźգˮۿתֻû뵽ݣҪŪúôѡ
ȻǲͨʣֻԼķúɲôҵģֲܴú³ûжãֱêںӵϣϽúûа취ֱװϷָװãƶת֮һ·ϲ֪ѡ
չһЦ֪ⲻܹ㣬ֻܹûиϽȡ
ݵͷʾͬ
ֵܴܲҲιһĴ
תڵȥ͸һ߰ʮһ
ǼҪжʱǾԲģñӳѾģ˵СҰôһˣһûб漣ˡ
ڴڻһЩϾⲻһɵģյԺһǳܸɵĹרŰǿɾˣ̴źȥյĺΡ
ڵĺΣӳǸ¯·úմũҵᣬֱһ˹ҵᡣ
̫ˣǴ¯Ŵ¯ľֱܲ̾һƷ
¶ЦݣôôΪôСҰ˵⴬ƴû졣
յҪģô
ݼֱͷ˵̫ˣôһͻϵ̫Σˡ˵źʵҵһԶСϧľӾµͻˡ
ʵͽŪˣֻһģ׷ԶΪʲô뵽Ϊһʼû뵽ҪģǳĻľԵЩ̫ˣؼ·ҲУµݲ뵽·ϲܵˮͲԵôһִ
еãеãеã
չһЦӲУҲ˵ӿתһ§סݣܣҼֱˣۿٿȻһԾ˼Ҷûϴˣ
˳˼֮С
ˣˣˣ
ֶ֣ϣϸĹ۲ÿһⶫǾڿŶǵƷͣܶȤĶЩСС˿Ҫ֪ȥ֮󣬵һ¾зˮҺջݺܶТʱ˿Ѿ⡣
ϸۿ֮󣬺ٿңȻûʲôܵǱǰǲٿңٿҪԵøȽĶ࣬벻ˡ
һǶڴֻ˽٣ҿǵİæ
ôɻã
úúãǵ嶼١
Ǿͺã
ϸѯһٿҵԭ
ʸͣʱͻȻһָϴ˴
ջعͷʵôأ
š
վǳʲô˵ǣһᾡһŬġ
ͻȻߵҡҡ
Ҳ˵
СͻȻúͮͮģū澡
ֱʵأ
ͬʱһǾȵĿźա
ûУûСûūҡŵû˫֡
ôǶûСҶʧ
պǺһЦˣˣȻȥ֮ҰԺٰ£ѧһֱûаϲ¡
ͷɵǺǵЦ
СҲúͮͮġ
̫ȱֱС֣벻ݣ벻ټݣǻ۵һ棬ݷǳ˲
ݲԼʲô˲ģΪ˼ֻΪԼԼ롣
ȴ¶һĨ֮ɫⶴʱ᲻ᶯأҪĻôȥ
գջΪݻᶯͻΪ˷һЩ豸ԴҲǺڴ
ڴڴ˺һղµôȥΪСҰѾͷڴߴˣ
СҰҲƴѾܵ˼ޣϲϱ۵ĸо
ǰˣϼӿ⴬κ˶׼ӽ
ûмŽǣǴȥгٵϴ裬ϴͷǳȻľȥ˯ˣȫûȤ뺫λཻ
СҰ
ѶܵܣֱӽСҰ˵ϣ§ССҰĲӣһСҰϷĹţҾ֪᲻ҵģЦᶼˡ
á˼ζҲһжỨ
úһܵܲŴСҰϰԵĽִڵСҰļϣСҰҪپٰһΣǾг죬ге˲룬úһ¡
ƵС֣ʲôʱʼҵ̨أ
ܵһ㶣ʵʲô˼
ûҵ˼㷽ŶѾȫ˵ˣûʲô˵ˣǮ˾˲ôǵġ
ܵܺٺֱЦҾ֪뵽һȥ
СҰҲϲ
ܵ±ƵΪʲô
СҰҸڷ¥ףһ£͸ǰ
ܵ£ǡҲУֻҪҲСֵžˣ
ÿСЦǰС֣ɱЦòˣ
ȿȿȡ

ﶼЦΨСҰǳİܵź󱳣ĵС֣û°ɣ
ȿȣû£û£áܵǺƵĿá
ǿֱЦ
ʵЩС֣ΪСҰСΪģҪ
ûа취ѾСҰѪҺĶǲܸıģǷ˵СҰûС֣ʵҲнգӲȢΪǰǲԸ˵˵Ů˽С߶߶£˵ĳ嶯յĲҲֻСܹԳĬСҰߴߴһ죬Ҳƣʵ֮ϡ
ףôǽ㣿
ͻȻʵ
õǽȥˣЩʱղŻ
ͷ
ԣвһ̾
ʱһѾͻȻ˽Ĺ
ʲôһ㶣ţҳȥһ¡
õĴڣֻһȺӸǵ۵վڴڡ
С磡
С磬˵ܻأ
һ֣Χ˹ȥһھܣԵü˷ܡ
ԭˣ׹ͷջġ
ʵǿɷѾϯΪӷϴ
Ц˯ӷϴĻѾԺ
ԵЩʧǿԲô
յȻС
ԹĿۺգĬ
С磬дʲô
պǺЦ˼
˷ܵС磬ִʲô
ʱ˵ܿǾͻ֪ˡ
ǾĿ
ǶҪܵķ϶һķ
СҰһСһط¥ȥˣ¥˵ļңȻгȷ¥ˣס׷¥ǵѲԼĹѡ
յûиȥȽ͵ԺͬЭƴŽݸӴСֹ̰˯ģСָݱȣǼֱͬնġ
ɺս˽ҲԸݶԣ·һǳʹ飬Ҳܹ

ܣ
ܣǻˣɷΪҲ
ܣпôԷ

ãЩӸǼеӭ
ŪݵһͷˮѾˣһ˵ֶͷʵԺڸʲôҺ񶼲ʶǡ
պǺЦԺͻס
ĳѾΣ֮ǰĳַţ̫ˣҪ֪ܶ෢ǻݵļϣʲôܸ֡˶ȿɶŪġ
˭ѡ
ݲŲѣһô۵£ȵģûдǣϵԺȥ
Ժ
ơܡ
ܻˣܻˣ

ܡ
ݻصԺʱЩƷԺʿ׷׸˹Ĳˡ
ݿԺԺʿԺʿǰ¡
ݿһϤףЩģܺߣҲ֪ʺãֻɬɵЦš
綼ӭ˳ʵܣôŻ
ҡҡ
ͷִĿźա
ЦΪһֱڴһǳΰķ


2002 ѧ
ΰķ
ڿѧѾȫû˵ֿұճΪΰķ϶򵥣Ҳ˲Ϊݽӷϴӹ˲ɫźգҪȥǱ
ձΣֻָͷ
Щ̫⣬ʲôΰģ
ȵϵͷʱѾֻܵˣأǼѣ·һ󱦿ƵãҴеĲһٿǰ溫յ黹ҪտһЩﲻס˼飡̫˼ˣ
ܹΪССĹ¯һҵʱӰҲԤʾŹҵ1.0汾ʱ١
֪ԭ̵ˣΪʲôȥˮ뵽һ㣬ô
Цŵͷҵȷ뵽һ㣬Ҳֻ뵽ѣ̫ʷ뵽ˣΪһʵô
üš
𰸵ȻǷ񶨵ģΪʲôݵܹ뵽Ϊһ˼Ѱ綯ֻΪԼѣ˵հȥˮϾ뵽
Ȼ߱ء
ּ˵ҲΪʲôҲǵԭΪǺʵֵģԼ֪ôȥʵ֡
˵һ̨̾ɲһ˵ĹֻͣǸƣÿһǹǺķѼѪŴģССһ˿涼֪ж˵Ѫǵˣ֮ļȫ÷ṩġܵ˵ʵûκιϵ
ɲһðģĬĬģŬţʮзһ൱׵ġ
ԵͷֵҲȻΪṩһǳõĻǮ֮࣬ǻôǮȥͶһûκΰյзǾƲɵġ
ЦЦҲ޷ϣʵ˵öǻԣǾԼԼ˵ѣΪһǧҪʱɫġ
ֵǷǳڴ㿴һҴںϿ
յ̫ʷģⲻõȶãӦþ⼸հɡ
˵ûдȷʵõȶãҪˡ
ҴϢܿڳˣΪСҰ֪ԼҲЩƷԺʿ˵ˣⲻסġ
ϢһǲˣȣǶѾˣΪԴˮ֮󣬴ҾͶһµöϾˮǺޣÿԷһøũҵЭ̣ɷǱ֤ũΪȣҳٳٶδҵһ¶棬˵ݴһֲҪĴֱһʱ꣬еİգ½½ܵͷιҴȻ˭׼ϴֻվڰ߹ۿ
վڰϿʽأʲô⴬öӡ֤Ϣ
ȻϢҲҰ£ΣΪҶò˼飬ǱĶ˵ˮҲͰˣƶֻȫû󣬴ҶԴ̫ˣһҴ
һգڳϵμϣվˣһ۶ͷڼǶյģܷżٵĹˣ˶Ƿż١
ѺӵжλϣһǳĿ̨󳼾Ͳö˵ˣһҲȫҳ롢Ͷˣ
ɾͱȻҪ˸еȣǿڹ˵ʶǷͷѾ˷ݣǺϡ棬ǿ˵ǻۣĶֻҪ㹻ȼϣֹ˶ȥġ
⴬ǲƶǵÿʲôô
㻹û˵ôѽ
ɶ
͡տˮðˮ
ɶôܣˮôƶôһҴ
⡭⣬ѧ֮

ԺδʼǰߵĹھѾڼҵ֮У̸۵Ķͬһ⣬Ǿ̫˼ˣտˮҿɶôƶôĴ
˭޷һ㣬ԣҶʱͳһáѧĸⲻ˼ʵܶ˶֪ѧʲôѧʣ˼һСĸ˼롣
̨ϵ룬Ҳò˼飬ʵԺʿˮܹƶӴĴֻοܣ
Ϊʦʴ̨ۿԺʵڿ̨ϵģƷԱƷµĹԱֻܸվһ
ݴĿ룬·֪νַͣ·ʣ㿴Ҹֲǽ͵ģֻΪԼѡ
æ͵£ڵ˼У˸һ˵ˮ鶼ܽӲʯͷδȻҲܹƶֻǰ
룬ͻȻЦôһ˵ҲЩ
κǺЦԺʿܹ˾ϲ
ľګĵͷҲЩ˶һЩ׳ա

ôûǼˣ
ܵվڰߣҪǶ̲Ӹ쵽˼ޣһֱ
ССҰܱЩǣֹ治֪ƴʲôÿġ
ܵ͵ػعͷһСҰǴǲҪƶǿˮ˵ģǶôѽôƴء
СҰûǲ֪ƴû죬һòϵúȻĻ߲ˣǵΪúչˣںӵУ˷緫ټһֽ̤װãźò׻صģҪһأ϶Ըڶء
ôܵ°ͣ˼ţͻȻʵ㹻úأ
СҰգգۡ
Ȼ䣬ߴһ춯صĽк
ʲôأ
ŵ˼ګϽ̨ܵǰһ֪ԭڻɵһ
ˣˣŶ
ܼܵԭ֮ģȻûпʲô̫ϲֵķΧҲ̫ܵոȾȻһֻֻǴСҰϵģȻĻܻˤġ
ҲϽ̨ǰڵһɹҲ׷żȿһɺ̳ȥһ޷֮Ѹٵʻ
֮ذİն˻ߵĻţ߸߻˫֡
ҵĴļװϣҲվһȺ˳Ű֣˷ܵĴкţҪԺԺʿȻ֮⣬һЩαƃʷ䡢̴֡ŴԪޣȵȡ
ȷ
Ϊʲôð̣ǲأ

ĹЩ󳼿Ŀɿڴ⴬ٶȻ죬ǸһַǳصĸоǷ·ʹδôʻġ
һֻеС
Ҵӿ̨ǰʻʱע⵽ϹһӴͷβۿԣǹۣλǿ塣
һԵĴеѧţ
ѧţ
úƣʵʲô˼
ҡͷ£Ҳס
ֿա
ڨڨǳһҴ֣ΪԺģ˳ΪȡΪѧš
˻һܱߵǶʱͶӵĿ⣬Ҳ̫ɥĲˣϧƻ⴬ۡ
ѾYYһҴ֣ͽӺšӺšӺš
Ҳֻѣ
ƾʲô
ëϵ
ҲЩգӵҲ̫ѿһɣôҵġ
̸һۣǺֱܴڴͷβӣȻ󽫺治һѿ
ңҳôǮҹһΣղŲںۣؼҪôҶ־ˣƤЦⲻ´ҿô
ҡͷֱ̾˾ˣʵ⴬ж죿
յµݡ
ݡ
ͻȻҿ˿Ժʿأ
ͷһŷѾ˯ˣ
ÿ˵ðһͷ亹ǾͲףôֵĻ˯
Ҳݵһ츳κλܹ˯ţéϣ˼ʱֿһһҹ˯оʱš
κԺʿ

ε˯ѽ
ŵʤæǰݣԺʿ
ۣѾôС˸ˡǰտҲİ˵һ䣬׼뿪
ŵʤæһסԺʿɻûнǱ½ˡ˵ţҲŷָǱߡ
ݻû׼ƫͷȥĿΣԴȫһŽ֪˵ʲô
εȻһʶʵԺʿ⴬ܿ飿
ݵһʱܹʮ
üǻ緫죿
üģľګĿû⣬ںʱ䣬ںܹ͵
ռæ˳£ܲ緫û£ǿ϶ѧſ죬⴬ҲǿԹҷġ
ͷ⵹Ҳǡ
ʵԺʿ뵽ģ
ʵΪҿտˮǺǲ¡¡
εƬ̣ƺû˵ȥĴ㣬ͻȻһЦʵλпտˮ
ǺǵرµĻϳ󲿷Ӧöֻû뵽һѡ
Ҳ׷׵ͷ
ʵΪʲô뵽һأ
룬ΪҲ֪
գգۣЩ޷⣬һͷˮĿա
˹ˣ»ؾܴܳţ̫Ѿˣս͵£ģԭһԼᶯСûܳɹǲ
ԼᶯСһæʵΪʲôûгɹ
յ˵ΪûҵʵĲӣҪ̫Ļľֿܳܲˡ
ԭˡͷ
ζԴҲǷǳȤִݣľګɵû޷ַܹǳصĴǺЦԺʿһɹġ
ݴĿΣ֪̽˵ЩʲôΪΪѣôһɹ
Ρ
δδֲֹŶԻҲû⣬һЦյȥǴϿ
յ˵Ŀѧţ
һﲻĿǺֺЦһ͸ľͷƵãһֶ˾ˡ
һ£ôأڨڨһЦ£ʱѧ滹Ⱥ࣬Ǳȥȥȥһģͣñ¹ۿеĶԭ


2003 Ƶ۹Ľ
Ϊԭ޷̫ãܵȵԺȻȥϿѣ֢ԣҲһǳʹ£ǴؾʵڹҲ̫һ㣬ˣȵ⴬ǰʻ֮һɴ󳼻صйȥˡ
ε뿪δԤʾԺԶ
û˹עʵ۵ȥеĿ⻹Ǽѧ档
Ժ㺽˰ʱߵһͷͣͷѾٽֹճ봬ϡ
ѧ֮ͣ󣬴ϵļα½ĴӴδҲδԹеĶУһ·ոҵĻӭָоʵ̫ˬˣ
̫ʷĳԺĹϵһֱҲ˲ǮԺ
ȫһֱ磬Ӵһ֮ɫʵ˸еģߵЩƷԺʿǡ
ЩѧʿѾǴѧģ˵һ˱ĹӣûмǴĻǰӣԺйĺԼ
һ⻰̱ˣҪ΢͸һҲԼѽⲻܹѽһᰡǺСôģС˵ԺѾ׸ߣԺֵͺļҪѧ߼ҲԺԼģǺС׿ô˵ģҲô
䣬һȵİƣֵļϣûнָĵȥ
Ļعͷһŭ̴غԭǳ̶壬һ˭ˡ
̴Ц֣Ǻյͽܰɣ
־ϲ֪ģ
̴ΪǶôĲҪ

ЩαǷ׷״Ц
ЩƷԺʿҲ̿ҲЦϾտǵϴ
һ䣬æ˹С̫ʷ⴬ļ
˵꣬޷Լһ˶Χ˹ʶһ⣬ڴ̽۵⡣
ǰǽһ£֪Щ˸Ϻ꣬ŷ䣬̽ţʵûа취ֱһֵҲܣҲҹܣҪȥһҪȥ£һʧ㣬ʧ㡣
ҪߣҲû˸һ˶˼ĿһɾƷԺʿĿ˸ƵԽԽ죬·ǿһȶ˵ĴŮﶼһͷ¡

صйڣֻáͨͨһɴ󳼶ĿתĿмǸһһ̨ͭһʼ豸
գգ
пǹ񹤰
ĹЩҲǲĵͷȫûⶫԴû
֣ϵļ֮飬ԱŪģͣƫƫŪһջλǫǫӰȸû뵽õ
ҲΪԺʿһţȻܹ
εͷͻȻֲˣ棬ȷʵûݵӰʵԺʿأ
ҪڵĻĻˣյЩƣȥϢˡ
εͷЦЦûаֲ֮⣬ӵдҶûе츳ǵȻһ㣬ؼֳϣݳܹ⣬ûκá
ǰ˵ԺʿԭоһֻԼĳֻΪҲʵĲӣʴ˲ûгɹ
˽һ֮ͻȻʵ
յͷ
ҵأ
յԣӦþͲʲô⡣
Ȼ֪һģô˵
ԣε£ϳΪӦԺӽз
Ŷһ˾Ϊô˵
£ܹƶشĴֻܹڳһʳѽϾطûкӵڶա
Ѧʹ󼤶˾ԼѽҴֳܹʳ˵ʳԶĵطҲܹȥ
ҲӦ˹Ϊʲôȥ˴ʳǺڲϣΪûʳʵο
յ£ⲻڳú˵ûռΪúղ𣬶ֻĿǰǷǳģлҪά޵ķãһ£ĳɱҲֻһɶѡ
ξȵ˴󣿡
յͷΪ񿪲úķǱȽϴ˵ú붼ūڿɣʽӶͬĻɱߵġ
ĹʵȻ˵Ļ⴬ʲôã
Щһѧ۹ⶼûСհһ̾ʱͻȻ˽ϳμ¡
Ц֮ѽ
£ΪЩˣ΢̸ѧŵ£ʴ΢ˡ
Ǻ֣طԸǵģһҪ˵ѧţ
Բ˶⴬Ȥ
һ΢ǲǶ⴬ȤǶȤ
յҲǳǰҪ˵ģڳںܶ򣬰ɿ󣬱Ͼһֶ
ͷ
һѽȥɿ󣬲Ŀգգ
ͻȻ֪˼ԼзȻˣǽˡ
˻һ˲ѻȸ
һּȻйģҪϸܣǴԺȻ۳Ʒˣ߸˵ҪӦ
ĹЦһΪԺ׬Ǯ
΢ЦҲϣϾԺΪ˻ǮҲΪܴ档
εͷҶҪȫɳ͢¢ϣҲܹ֪϶ǳɹۡ
ĹวһЦ˵ı׼ǲһѽ
΢΢üͷлֱ˵ϾǶôˡ
Ĺ⻹˵ô帮ӪʱǿҷԵģԼҪӪ֪Ϊ˾帮ʱкβͬ
Ц帮ԵĿΣտɶ벻εģǸ߼Ȼͬ
εͷ˵ǣ£ܻΪһ̸
ҲõĺãܹҾս޲ʤй¶
ѦʹЩ佫ҲǷ׷׵ͷ
ĹǾͱר͢ʹá
յܹ
´ɲУűº˾Բļȷǳ󣬵ǷҲ˵ˣҪõúģɶ¹ذյҪҪ͢Ļô͢ͱҪɴúǳɹۣǿջúͬʱĸܣһĻ帮һѽǲġ
˵ε£ҪôͲۣ࣬͢רãڼϸܣҪô͸
εôذɡ
´̵帮ҲǶרӪʱʦ¬ҲΪΪ⣬ɽȴôΣÿ飬ʹó͢Ƿ¾޶ծΣûйȥã͢ɲܺ˰̾۰
ۺ´û˵ʲô
Ǿɣɳ͢ר
ѦʹǶϡ
Ƕֻһ⣬Ǵ̣ķ棬Ƕν
Ǿ仰ƨɾԴ
ҪĻվŪˣҲǷǳҪѽ
ĹƲɼѽ
ӪĴȷʵǷǳǳܻӭ͢ûһ͢һֱĶǹ͢ģӲ۸䣬ģڼ٣ڴȯ֮ǰ͢ôණ붼ٺ»͵ʽ󳼣ֱӸǮ͢ͲҪôණ
ʺУһۣʵҲһֱûиı䣬Ϊ͢Ҫôۣ񳤰˳ǮΪϣõʡ
ֻ͢վмලѡ
κ˶ᳫӪΪڴƽڣȡǰĽѵҲӪ񵱳ģٺΪ̨Ҫգ߷ı䣬̱ΣȻܶҲ̫ΪʲôôΣһйȫڹӪͷϣ£ˣˣҲͲɱ帮
ĹǶǸʱλģʱǼԹӪģˣҲλͳΪǵǶڹӪʱʱ̱̿־֮ģΪʵѾ֤һٸʼض峯·
ȻʵˣǾôΪġ
ҲᳫӪǵ˼ǣӪҲ˽ӪԼá
θӲö˵ʲôҲΣǿա
յȻᳫ˽Ӫָ߿ƼΪԼᳫ˽ӪĻЩֻᵯάˣų͢ļˣû뵽Ĺǻôķԣε£һ飬һá
εʲô飿
յ͢ԽȨˣзȨǷԺԺ˵ҪзʽȻȥ͢κκΣһеȨȫˣܹԺṩзãܹƽ⡣
ϷŲˣּڹ̫ҪҲܽˡ
յ˾ⷬǣҲǳ⣬ֻҪѡһʵˣԽռٵ͡ȣ˱볯͢йϵģǳ͢ŵùġΣҪִ̣С˵ĻǿܻΪǮй¶ּǴ̵ĻǾΪһǮй¶ΪǲȱǮǻӳԶ㣬ܹ¢ּԶʤۼ󣬳͢ҪԷǩһԼϸලǣǳκˣ뾭͢
Եͷǲ֪Ϊ˭ʺϣ
յΪżҾͺʺϣһ㣬żڳΪ٣볯͢ĹϵǷǳеģΣżҴܲļȫõģǲȱǮżֻǴûúԭϣõúԪͻһǳȶżܣзԺԭϺұԪңżң໥ƺ⣬ټϳ͢мලɱһʧ
ּܽƽֻܽȵߣֻмȵߣŻȥάĳ͢棬ҪǽͨˣʮᣬɵӣżҾͲܣżҪ˵Ļʧȥĸࡣ
εȻҲף˼ĵͷĹࡢʵλΪΣ
ĹǷ׷׵ͷ
ԥΣǵ˵ͷ
Ƶ۹ܲ˼նйأСũãܹ߼ãȻá
γƬ̣ϵ¸ʺ󣬵֮ٽ޹Ŀ
յ΢


2004 δ
ʵƳйʷϣһǳؼת۵棬Ƴ֮ǰƳ֮ʵƶȣκһ飬пܸıƳչķֱ֮Ů˵ʵۣʲôܷģһ¶Ѿ̻ҪıǺѵģҲŮ˵ʵۡ
ǳΣһش㶼ˣ˴Ǽᶨ񶨹ӪʵγӪǳγҲǳʷϵƳĶ࣬ĳԣӪǲԣֻΪǳΣҲ·Ѿˣʵ۴ӦҲӦġ
ô߶˵ļҲɸˣҲó͢ԼȻ䡣
Ǻû뵽ģѾùӪĴ㣬ˣҲȥյĲƸû뵽޷ͨģζûƢ
֮롢һЩ󳼣ǰѧιۣΪԭûȥ
ȵʱ򣬴Ѿɨĸɸɾ¯ǲѩ
Щ˿ʱȺա绹ҪһЩǿɶǼܵĲǶΪǰĶȫһԪġ
ЩˮﳵŪģȻٲ˹ĴĥÿѾ˹ҵԪ棬žǲһ
ҲǾȶѡ
ǻ޷ʶЩеһʲôǾΪֻ˶ѡ
ҲǳйӷγɵĹ˼ά
ʵԺ֮ǰԺսʱв˲ԸƶֻߣǣǲôôúƣΪʲôϣؼҶôƶһôĴЩǿ׳˷Ͳ
ԴЩαӴ֮󣬴ҲһʵҲǺհżαһԭ
Ϊʲôôأ
ѧ
Ѿǹʶݷ
Ϊ˭ûԭ
ʵǵһνѧ뷢ϵһΪܸ֡ЩǰҲУƾ蹤ǻģһѧʣҲȫ޷ģڹ˵ʵ̫ˣԽ˴ҵ⣬ֻѧѧ͡
ôѧͳΪһѧʣ֮ѧǳֵôȥѧϰ
ǰֻͬķڷ
˼۵ת䣬ʵҪԶʤĳ֣й˶ԣؼҪͬѧȥרпѧֻҪԸⷽ淢չôɻڶڻ£ֻʱ⡣
û˼㺫Ūһǧ󣬴ҿܻ
ҲΪʲôյƹѧʹչĲ죬ǺνѧˣԺκηӾˣ֮Ҫôףѧʣ漼ɡ
˼ŤתѻƬսֻĵ͸ҩһҩߣȻ㡣
Ȼ⻹һ󣬾ǽճڣһƬˮ

ʱ֡
ˣ
šԪҲڰ
ոջصңԪվԪĵߣ˿ȡ

ͻȻǰһҲѧš
ЦڻطϰΣʹӦ㡣
ʱľ
յôҪܹô
ƭҵİɣ
Ϊʲôô˵
ҪҲ̫ˣ

յУȽѵá
˵ĵҪΪ֤Ŷ
һߺţһԼ鷿ȥ
Сӡ
ЦҡҡͷʵǳԸź򡢺ȥιѧţǵĽаȻǰԪĵ֣Ԫʾ˵ɡ
֮ԪĵЦǽҸˣҪ֪оҲýʾ֭˼¶
ЦˣûɹģѾʧܵĴ㣬ҲŽӵݣҲûôȥܡһأһзһµĻ߸õĶأҾ͸ĻһʧܣǾʹеʧܣɲܽһ氡
ø˵ǡԪ޵ͷֵô˵̫ʱˡǡ
ֹβ֪˵ʲôǵ㲻֪͢δ
Ԫ޵ͷ֪͢ʱ
û͢Ը⽫Ȩˣ˵ĹʶǺտ϶ģԺԼΣ֮ǰĲڴҵ˼ɲһˡ
Цǿֻܻ֪ĳɱԶԶڷԣûдú̿ԴǰǲռģˣһǿɺұΨеӵдú̿ԼΪȽұǲܹĳɱܹռ
Ԫ޵ǿɷ棬Ŀǰûʲôͻƣ
ԪĵЦȥͻơ
Ƿ˴Ц
Ԫ޾ܹڿɣ
յͷȻԣԲͿתΪȥúǼֱ֮ϣΪúҪȼϣŵúϣǲֹͣġ
ԪĵǼΪ˷ܡ
Ԫ޸һȭԼϣѵѽôû뵽һ㡣
ȱ˵̫硣յɵ豸봬ֻ豸Ǵһģ϶Ҫ죬ҪǮġ
Ǯ⡣Ԫĵǳ͢ôǽף
յĿǰдڽΪд󳼶Ը⳯͢
Ԫ޴ľ
յͷ
Ԫϲ͢ȷ˭
ԪĵҲһڴĿźա
ǲҪ̫ˬ
ղʵԪȱǮô
Ԫĵüһ壬ⲻǮ⣬˭Ҫ˭ܹһС
Ѿ뵽һ㣬δѾ£רڼලұļ
յҪȨ
Ԫĵ͢һѡбķʽôԪҲϧһдҲҪ¡
յƽأ
Ԫĵ£ҲøһʵɰɡҪǳ͢ԼĻҲǳ֧֡
ճĬʵǰ뷨ûдһУոһУⷽ棬ԪҺԺѾеĺ˭ҪģҪǣ˭ôԪҹԪұĸ
ԪĵѾʺϵѡ
յͷȻûվڽȨżҵĴԺռзԪոұżļõİţҲǳ͢Ըܵķ
ԪĵƬ̣˵Ĳȷʵõķ
Ԫҵˣκ£ῼһ㣬᲻͢ĲԪұԪҽũҵҵڷ涼ǳһģǳ͢Ƿô
պǺǵˣҪ̰ĵ˿ɲòģֻκһ˶ΪУ֮ˡ
Ԫĵϣܹսõ档
յӦòǺѣǰ㹻ľѡ
ԪĵЦ


2005 ԭ
⼸գԺǴڵɵ״̬Ϊеĸ̣ȫԺǸһģҲѾһӡ֤ǿӦġ
ǵȻŹΪˮ֯ĳ֣ǳһλĿУˮޣӰ죬ǰѾǲԶ
⼸ûԺΪһֱãνˣȷڽ֮󣬲й
ȵЩһж̶֮󣬲ҵõε׼ղȥҵŴʾ͢ὫǣڸЩ㲿ɶѸ裬˵ԼɣԼɵĻܹܿ͢żңھǳ͢ĹǼӦ
һԺ¢ϵģܷ⼼ΪĿǰܷ⼼õ㣬ⲻǰձƷ͢ӵд㣬ܷ⼼ĺļҪǷֹй¶ⷽ棬ԺżǩԼǮʲôģǩãȻʾ
ɼˣŴԼһ㣬ϵڱô
ȫš
ԣ͢ˡලԼ͢ɹļǮͳͳӦ׬׬ǮЩҲΪżҴ˿ǿԵǮģһ¢ϣжߡ
ŴֱӱʾһԺ
ż̸֮󣬺ղԺ͢ľЩˡ
ģʽǣͶԺзҪȵзɹ֮ȥżҺ
ʵһʱģʽղ뽫езԺջҪзȨԼȥзŻΪҶƵĻͻоԺһзǾûо
Ļһûⷽ˲ţ͢ϸܡ
Щ˶ĵҪǿɴδ̰ͼҪ³͢ԼС
зȨԺͬȻǲһȫԺҪģҪǮġ
Ѿ׼øǮҲų͢ѰзⲻҵԵԺյʮĺŵ϶ֹô࣬ΪֻҪͶõ
ԪһҾ͸ᣬϣԺܹзɿҲóһҪʲôģҪǹܣԼ취
ʱԵݳƷ򣬲ҪݿֻҪܾܵˣ͸гһ׬Ǯ˵Ǯ
⡢޷͸Ӳö˵ǲҪģҪǸľ
һԺΪΪæµĹ𣬿Գܶз
õǮһ¾Ƿ𣬲зĹһٹᵽһǧ᲻ȡЩľƷԺʿҲһٹĽ˵ĻǼʮ᲻ȣ˶зݣɨصĶ
ˣջҪΪڳ޽ס
ֽҲǴ˼¼
ʵзϣҪǮؼ˵ǻۣ˲֮꣬±·ĵյȻ֪ģŸոտʼҪзҪҵŬǮŻŬĹŬȥ˼Ŭȥ죬Ϊ֪ɹˣǻõ˸ĽͣͬʱҲ˲š
żԺݵĵ̾ͳΪ£ƷԺʿѾΪеġ
̾¹Ůˣҵ˵ûɣһҪѧѧѧδּŮȥԺѧϰ޲ýԺͿաʵŮһֱǳŬΪҲ֪õĻᣬ϶˵Ķ֣ΨܹȥȥƴһƴѾռȻѧǳʵӵкܶѧţŮѧ涼ԺľƷԺʿѧɾԺĻ
߳µˣͻȻԼŪǲ̫ʵŪãܽŪУ͸һûȥ󣬻ǵԺڵ˸߰ͷ­ҪԺǰ
ǾƷԺʿԸǺʾԼæ鲻ǿûнһз
Ҳֵǰʱ
߳ҵգղ˵һЩƷԺʿṩԶǸŮ˵İΪǵŶ¸ˡ
ѧڰУʵѾ塢Ϊѧѧǰ;ѧһ㣬Ҳѧʣѧһ㣬ûʲô·
Ҫ˵ôԭϾǻչٺãԭȻĻһжǰٴϺǱߣ˵ĹӶҲȡ˷ǳشĳɹ
Ԫաƽ١ҵǵĴ£˵ĹӶŹռһҲԷݻ٣սδ¡Ԫһҵǻڼս׼һȫ£Ҳţһ̫ˡ

оС
󲮣壬ѾЩȲˣϣֵǵءԪԪաƽٵ
ѾӦǷ֮ʱ˳ôǮǵȻõԼĻر
Ԫһ߳ˮһʵϴޣզ
дƽߣԸΪ¶Խ
ƽٻŰŽȣǱż»ôӳ顣
ԪܵǶѾȲˡͲɶɴӳģֱӽϺţԼȥ֡
ȣǵȴ⵺ľ񡣡
ǶΪūˡ
Ԫֵܴ
ƽٿһۣӻӰŽȣǿɲУĻһìܵģҪһƽȰĻ£ĻѣҪȡõ档ɲԪݣҪԶԶԪݣҪԪݣһζѹȣܹ֤оͲֳʤôǶһΣǾ͵ûܶܶǮѹɲݣǵľӹһˣÿɶǷǳ߰ġ
Ԫܵ˼ǣ
ƽٵȡơ
ۣ
ԪòûҭϴޣǷôԭѾʲôƣ㻹ơ
ƽٵ˵ľƲõƶȣֻʱѣҲֻԵصľ񡣾ҹ۲죬ľ񶼱Ƚ裬Ǳùԭ˼ǣǸԭһŬȥɻǽѾأָǵˣЩҲǷŹЩȨģЩ񣬵ǻкܶδٳĻǿ֯Щȥĵؿģũǿĳ
ԪҡͷɲУǲӦģΪضǵģˡ
ƽҡͷЦֻĿ뷨űȥǲɳõģʵǴѾҪűȥǿѳʳȻԭƷܹǵʳߣⲻҲ׷ôҲܹ츣ԭеˣϺš
˶ԣгҪģûнûг߷չ⣬⵺ôܱ߻кܶൺ죬㹻ǵθڣ٣ֱӻһСǣ֮⣬ǻҪԭ˾סΨŻ᳹ҴƣҿԽһӴĺг˾ҪѣѣŻгŻ˲Żõ󡣡
ԪܵҪūƣǾûū
ƽٵֻҪƴЩ񣬶ЩΪеˣȻΪūָЩˣҲڲֻǣͬʱףҴΪУ³ãǳΪƵһҪãͬʱҲҪһͨΪȥŬھ¡
ԪֻëȻʵϴޣһǴѧģ
ƽûȻ÷ѧģ߾֮Ҳǽ߾е˶ΪūҲδ߾յضΪС
ԪڨڨǡȥЩ˵
ƽٵȻȥҲûйϵֻǽѣǿԲɡ
ԪΪѵĿԪգҪȨͲѯʡ
Ԫյ㿴ҸʲôϾҪ뿪ԭΪܹĴһû뵽ôû
ҸôԪҲûа취̾˿ðɣȥ
ƽٵҪ֪ǲܸǴȥκβƸģƸģⲢҪԼ֣ҲҪѹȣǴƷͿȫߣȻľЩԴȫǵġ
Ԫܵͷ֪ˣ
ȵԪߺԪһϴޣҴȥˣôģ
ƽٳ˼ΣϣܹһЩʱա
ԪպٺһЦҾ֪Сʵһŵٵġ
ƽҡҡͷҶڵѾûȤֻǶ÷һƶȸȤѾ͸һףûһжԴԣһ鳡
ԪյͷаɣҾʽӶΪԪˣϺŵ£ҾȻȥˡʲôʱҿʼأ֡

й
ڣĿš
һֻ¬ʦ˽һ񣬵΢μ¡
æʵ¬䣬̫ӵΣ
¬ʦԵģ̫ӵһֱĺܺá
Ǿͺãεͷʵ̫ǷԲ£
¬ʦ££̫ӵ壬򲡶𣬶Ϊ̫ʱȽʴˣ۵Ļƽ˸񲻸ұ֤̫ܹܷص̫ӳܲ˵Ļֿ½а֣ɴС
üͷһ壬̫ǴҪġ
¬ʦԵǳܣˡ
̾˿޲ǹ㣬ֻޡ
¬ʦԳƬ̣Ϊ̫ʵĲһЩ񣬵ǱҪϸסΪȵ̫Ӷʮʱ涼ﵽʱͿ̫Ӳ񡣱£̫ӵµƷ¡˼붼ǾеģۣΪΪһӦø̫Ӹġ
һۣЦʵԸǷǳ˽ģܹõͣǷǳ׵ѽ
¬ʦԵ£̫ӽӴ̫ӵƷУǷǳ塣
οĵĵͷϣܹ̫ӵʦ̫ߣҲǳġ
¬ʦ£¶Ϊ֮ɫ
ε㲻Ըô
¬ʦæǳԸ⣬ֻǳǳʡ
ξȵҪǹ٣
¬ʦԵͷ
μΪʲôԲסأΪҪǹ٣

¬ʦԼæһֱܺǳڱ£žǹٵġ
һأ
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øжԸӣɫݣѵд⣬Ƿǳж
¬ʦԵ˳֮£ѾĽͶ뵽ҽѧо棬ϣܹȡһͻƣñԶ벡۵ţҴһĴ´Ӧ
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¬ʦ룬ǹ٣Ҳչ̫ӵģҲܾܾ΢
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ŵʤһָϽζС˵˼䡣
üͷ¬ʦԵ¬䣬ٹЩʣʺϣܹȥһˡ
¬ʦ̵΢
ȵ¬ʦ뿪֮ͻȻüͷ˼úһŵʤع


2006 Ȩµ
ٹһֱҽչţֻ岻ʣﲻ¬ʦԣ϶ǷǳΣʷ޲ߵ£¬ʦԡ
¬ʦֻһҽڵУɣ԰壬ȴܾȻʮٹˡ
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ڹŴѾǷǳǳٵġ
ٹˣȻûʲô춯صҲһ档
ΪŷԭʮŽ飬ȴܹŮҲ˵ʮ껹ʿм飬ʮĲڶʮһǶǸҷǳΣգֱûһ⣬ɣ߰ʮʱ򣬻ΪﶫߣõĲˣɼҵĻЩ̬ģгٻڣϧΣͱȽϱߡ
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Уȥһ£ٹǰȥٹ˸Ұճգա
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һֱھţͬʱڻٹദĻ棬أۿЩʪ˸⣬һգݵлл㡣
ʼлʵҾһԼĽʺޣʵ˵úܶԣҲǴģҸ밲οʲôΪѾ̫Ҹˣٹˣ޺ģϾҼԼŮϻʺΪһĸףöôĽٹһẬЦȪģҸȴûĶӵ࣬ôһҵĶӣοôһҸŮʵ̫ˡ
ЦҡҡͷȴŸм
˵һҲܶ˶ԣѾǷǳҸģٹҲΪҸĸףȥأ


2007 ¼
֮ٹ˱ʽᣬ޽ĹڣǷǳ߱Ƹġ
ٹ֮ҲδسǾסĹϵй棬ΪĹؾھڣǱ޽йġ
ȻհճҲѾԭǻʵӦٳһֱֲͷǳˣ
˵ΪĺգӦóʵְǸµģǺһֱԺЩƷԺʿ̸зĿ̬ǷǳȷǾֵұҲ뵱
ɵǣϺݵϢ˳
Ǹ˷ˣ̰ͼѾأǿΪĳ֣ǶףúõʹãһúܹʤأΪؼǣطȷ棬úȫ˵ģֻͭڳ͢ġ
ȻЩҲȥǱߣΪһţķԼѾڳ̶ˡ
ͬʱɶѵ͵ǰβŹһеӣҪĴ£Ѿǰۣ쿪ᣬʵ۾ˣҲٻصǰΪʱԼģʽǷǳõģΣĻȨճܹķǳãȨǷǳƽ⡣
ǳڵӡ
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վٹŵǰ棬ˮͬǶߵһ㣬ĵ
治װѻٹ˵ȥһشҪ֪һֱĸŮΪʿˣٹ˲ĸףҲľʦĹۣΨһܹеĶ󣬺ܶ໰ֻܹٹ˵ζܡ
ٹ˵ȥʧȥĸףʧȥ˺ܶܶࡣ

Ӫݡ
ˣǵϾҪˣ
˻
˶ԣվ
ٸǴ̽ϢϤ򵤲ĴĮҪȫɽһǮƸ䣬ȻָڡȫǲܴӦģȫѾܳﱸϣʳǣҪȡ֮Ҳǿʵ˵
˶ʵΪȫȡʤİ𣿡
ٸΪȫȡĮǼпܵģΪǲ˶ȫɸסΪȫɵĹˣԽԽãңȫɻδβ겿ܹһǵҪڵĮġ
˶һĨЦ⣬ȫܹȡʤĻƱػϵӣսܿͻȼ𡣡
ٸԷˣǸóˡ
˶üʱﻹǰȫģӦܹ۲ǵĶ򣬿ɱ𹦿һ񡣡
ٸһ㻹˷ģǵ˻ʱ֧ԮȫǣǷ˱볷뵽ȫĵطǶԸġ
˶治ĿһۣҲ˾Ӧҵ
ٸ棬ǱӶķԸܹǡ
Ǹ쵰
˶ҧгݵ


2008 ˺ݻ
纫ԣҪһսԶֹһսҪ׵Ķࡣ
屾Ҳһ壬ҵ˼룬ҵǿǺģǴĹ˺յҵƣǿɲǰ򵥵óף˫໥ѣյҵƣܹѸٰ˽Ӵҵģֹǿۺܶܶ˵ġ
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ȵЩعʱսѾǲɱġ
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Ǯǲܸģֻпս
ԣսܿϯ
ƽĴƶԣһƽĺϣͶһʯӣϢܿ㴫ϾƳһĮ
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ĴǽǴһ
ƃҾ˵˿϶һ֮ԭһˣͲ֣ΪʲôǶû֡
ͷӪݴʷԣȪƾ׬òǮϤ򵤵ĮǱҪǮƣȪɲԸû뵽ȪʵʤһյĮսܣȪɱȪҲΪϤ򵤵
ĵӣ׼ȪɣȪҲһЩ˷ŶͥлᵽȪϣܹ͢ƶȣƶȣдŸӪݵ֧Ԯ
˵գźֽǡ
һһ֮󣬶Ĭ
˵ҰɣȻҲǣϾҴų͢ƹĮԣǲ췴ôǣȪɷҲǳ͢Ϊϵܵ˺ֻҪԱҲϣܹ͢˵췴Ҳ̫ԡ
ʵλΪӦԣ
ĹϳΪȪҲҪ췴ڲɱ͢ɴµָҾƽѾˡ
Ҳ׷׵ͷ
ƃ̾ҵȥһ£ǾƾһȺǵĶ֣ҿҲս֮H֮ʱ²ٹͣ͢ų֧Ԯǡ
ԵͷȻһԵ˳Ĭ֮УǹʵʺΪΣ
ԲĿΣֳŵΪƃѾйؼ
ƃ±Ƶʺ˻˵
ʵ֮⣬ΪλҪд͢أұӪݵŶҪ졣
ԣ˿ﵽһĶã˼άôݡ
ƃͷѽҷžΪ˸еƣɡΪʲôأ
Цܼ򵥣ΪҺ³͢Ȫɣͨ̽͢һ³͢˼
ƃΪʲô³͢Ȫɣ͢ҪҲǰĮĴ󶼶
Цһ㣬вѾ˵÷ǳԣȪϣڵƶȣǵȻģƶȵĻ˳ɾ͵ȥˡȻƶȣڳ͢ͳȻǷǳģҲΪʲô֮죬ϣ͢δ֮ǰƽѣһȫҲͲٻų͢ǡ
еͷǴɼ췴֮ĵĲȪɣң͢û֧ԮͿܻȪ֮󣬾ͻ췴
üѽһᡣ
ʵ˾մ˻
ƽʱʱ˲ǱȽɢģ˳Ҳ޷һӦĻŹͬĵˣᵼಿ䶼ߣҵȨԶʤƽ͢ɵ÷ҽıѽ
ƃɫҲ˸սǶһǻ治Сﰡ
ĹȻ˵Ļǳ͢ͻǳ֧Ԯңʾ֧͢ǵģһҲͲվһ𷴿Ҵơ
ͻȻҲ޳ôȻлģͲδ󶼶һְĻΪ绹ǻᷴġ
˵ţε£͢β˻ᣬ֧ԮȪɣ˳Ǳƶȣƹԭ˲󻼡
ĹʺǴ󶼶ȪɲѾ͢ôܹѾȥԼ趼⡭ôҲ˵ͨ
յΪıʣϤĮпİذգŪȪ򲻵ѣôɱԼҪı͢ԳȪϤ򵤵ֹͣȪɵĹԺͣάԭеĺƽ
ĹΪһô
յ˵ףҲϤڲ£ȫԼǳ͢Ȼ֮ҲԶ٣ǿң͢£õİ취ǵͣΪܳ͢ıߣһֵĲԻĻá׳͢ģӳ͢ԸͣսǾҲˣӵĻ֤ѾҪǳ͢Ҳࡣ
´£ôĻֻս£ΪûҪ
ȫɿ϶򲻹ң͢ҵĻܿͻսᲨԭȫɵĻԭ϶ҪսֻȼյøһЩ
ǳǿƵΪսֹս͢Ӧó֮ǰȽȪɣһհʱٶԸɾˣʱֻḶĴۡ
ƃ̵ʺ֮޳ɻʺĽ顣
£ϳҲó͢ӦȸƣʹȫдҲӦɳ͢þҡ
Ѧʹ˼ګһ佫ʾֻ֧ʺĽ顣
Щ佫ԽԽ̬ȣϣ̫ڵķ緶˺ݻ࣬˭ͶˣӾµһʹ
ʵʷϵΪȣ⽻Ҳó˵´ֻ̣ǶԣҪΪҪǳд󳼣ЩˣȫһԼ
Եͷ
ͻȻȻҲ޳ɻʺĽ飬ǻÿǳɱͷյ⣬³ͻȻ͢Ҳûκ׼
˼˾ΪҪԱʤ㼸Σ
ڣƃ͵£Զ߾ǵǷǳɢģټڲѾѣֻҪܹӭͷʹǺܿͻɢ򾫱Ͳˡ
ʵƾ࣬ƃֻҪ඼Ҫ
γҪ仰ƻ޻ȥֻ򾫱ЩΣȻԶγʱڵ
ø٩̫ԭһӴлɱһʧ
յֻǵڵƾصĺھ㹻ϡ
εͷǲ֪ɺǰȥͳ
ѦʹվԸǰ
ƃһֵѦҸͬȥɣָ߾ģҶǿǷǳϤսȻǰȥ
ҲϳҲΪƃΪʡ
εͷðɣĽ飬ȥ֪ͨңֹͣ͢ȥͣ¡ƃ䡢Ѧ䣬ܸӪݣбĻ̳֮

ҶԴ˵ǸеǳǡΪƾѾ޵£ʷϼʱڵĴƾ¶ƽ֮֮ûʲôϸ˵ļֵ
֮ƣ˯߶ǳҪû˯ãһ춼ܲǱϺ֮£δ壬ˣʱ˿̫ҪİʺĮܻܿᷢս£ҪԸް
ͷ檻õģҲӦ̫Ӳ
οЦλĸΪ̫ӱݻ޾ͷѽ


2009 ĸͬ
ڵգ͢ĮֹͣһеĶԿ͢ɹԱͣ
ε巢ģʡɼԼԴǶôĲãԻʵ۵崫ּԷҪǲĻǺܶ˵ġ
ңԻʵ۵ּ췴ûлء
ͬʱҲطã
ȻмĹȣ˸٣ǷڼоֹҶӷģΣĹǣԣǷǳҪġ
⻹öٹȥȻĻﶼûеףһشҶ̤ʵ
Ҷ˹ͬĿ꣬ǾǸ̫ӡ
˽ղã̫Ҳˣ̫벻õᣬǱ߾µۡ
ԴҲȽ˷ܣΪ̫ӣڶ£Ҳĵġ
ӦջϺǱߵ򣬷Ļ޷Ŀһɨǿɱ˵ǻûã
ӽݵڣûһ˿Цݣһֲŭĸо
ĹҲ֪鲻ãѾȡΪݣؼ֣ͽȥţϾǶǱߵĵβǷǳϤ̫û֡
ݣ
ͷͦģΪĸ׸ǷͽͻȻ̫ӶԴкν飿
£ƺû뵽ҲͷãҲҺ˵˼һ֮󣬲ŵΪȡΪݵĻȥŹЩϵ᲻ذ˼ɹǵط˴ģβݡ
һ
´̵ͷ̫˵öԼˣǿǲܣҪΪһЩ
ĹࡢҲ׷׸ͣաҲʾ޳ɡ
Ͼ̫ӵĵһ飬ôøһЩӣ˼̫˵Ҳͦеġ
Ŀ˸˼£ͷҲ̫ӵĽΪһЩǾͽݡ
Ƴ룬˱ʹ£ܹͷѣԼľϣǺҲҲĵط
Ȼֻһ֣ȴ÷ǳģҲԸмĿ
Եͷֵ⣬ģԪݡǱ˽ҵ͹ͷҵ֪о취ܹԭһЩȥǱ˽
յͷĻǷǳ׵ģҪ͢ģЩǣȻ뾡취СּȥǱ߽ؼھ̣ȥǱ˽Ļ˻ԭɱӲ٣͢Ҫǣԭ̵ĳɱͬʱԪݡݵƳɱ
ʵӳɱ
յ͢ȷϢһӡ˰ĶϣһЩӡ˰֤۲ǣͬʱԪݡݵһо˰Ըȥƣֱ͢Ӳظǡ˰ֵͳƣھƵӡ˰ԽԽ࣬Ҳ֤ڽһӣΪİձøӸԣЩطгһӣôƼҲõӦǣϺʳԶԭˣټϻĲǱƣǷǳɹ۵ġ
֣еȻǵ÷ǳܵԹ೯ʳƣԽƣ¾ƼԽǣƵķˣֻ˽»ضУֻŶ¾Ƽǡ
еҲΪʱȲҪųϢ̿ͬʱҪѹô̲ܽǼֻۣҪ̲ǼۣЩСҲǲ
ʵ̫ʲô飿
ҡҡͷ
ͷǾôɡ˵΢˶٣ֵ⣬ǱߺпܱսңпӰ쵽ɽݵȵ͢봫شʷǼ׼սϮԭİգУݵĻʱȫˮ·
ȥگ
ò˵һ䣬Ƿǳɫչ򣬱㽫ѹȫˡ
ĹͻȻãڣǶǳɡ
ǵˣǻΣΪУﶼûЦɼﲢûдӱʹ߳һŮˣôıʹҪϰ࣬ȷʵЩ̡
󣬴ҾȥԵĹ𣬰
Ҳ⣬˻֪ŴҪûҵԼԼǮ󷽵Ⱦ̡
֪ˣŴͷ̾˿л벻ʺ󰡣
бĿһۣ˵Ҳ֣£㶼ͦ󷽵ģƫƫԻʺԹ衣
ŴҲܹңǼδϴ㶼֪ģÿһҶվϡ˵ֿۺգҪ㣬ҴʱѾ
տЦҡҡͷóο˵汻Ŵסˡ
һҧʮ¾ŴǱҧ˺üڣԣֵĶôãǼģȻҲֻ¶ΪΪղǸһߵġ
ʵŴҲͦεģ͸ǲһģҡһΣ˵Ļ˲֪ٱ飬ˣȻʲôƵãм£ҵ˵˵
յʲô£
ŴǱжңҲпܳҾȥ¹ĿǹδָΣ֮ǰȻԴӡ˰䲼˰ӣ⼸֧Ҳڲϵӣ¿ǲһиʲô⣬ǿò̫ĴӦԡ
Ŀ˸˼£Цʲô⡣˵־˼άûһҪǶĿ
ŴǻĿʲô
ȻǿݰյǹҵվҲ˵ڵĲƸӵģڹ϶ڱĵط¹ʲôطֻҪҴƾͿˡ
Ŵɲô˵ǮڰĻҪǮʱֻȥҪֻԹΨеӯܱ˰
յֲ룬Ҫǳд󳼣׹ݣ쿴ŹŵĽɽɽ·òһ㣬ⲻǹǷôǾͻ뾡취ȥЩǮˣǮڹҲûʲô壬ڹҷչʵҲһͶʣֻйҷչĺãձøԣ˰ԴҲø࣬ʱƻеģҲеģȫõġ
Ŵͺվֵ˼룬ŴȱȫУκη涼ˣΨиĴŻаȫУǺΪǮɵǮòɵʲôȥ׬Ǯ
ϴǵȻߺյ·ߡ
ʱ֡
ջصУԪĵϣ˫Ŀأվһ˫Ư֣Ԫĵż
չŲǱ﷢ˣոæƣȱȻŵƵԪĵ󣬳źӻ֡
͵͵һЦȥŮϵ൱Ĭ
ղɫԪĵż
С죬һ͵Цţһ뿪˴ãɵɲŸĸ
ˣ
ո뿪ԪĵĿЦĿźա
յƵԭ֪ˣû
Ǳ׾֣֪ˡԪĵЦ
ͻȻͷԪĵ촽£Щ۵ѣԼ۳
ԪĵͻȻⶼԺȺԺʿġ
յŭˣǸ˭̿
Ԫĵǳ£ȫ
ȫȫ⡭ôҲҰƵ
ԪĵͻȻѾз˵ӦúܹܿзúҽԪǰȥ̽һ½̣֪ڸʲôô
룬ûв´ĻӦڲԹ¯ȶԡ
ԪĵȵĿźյô֪
յΪǵһؿȷ񡣡
Ԫĵüһǹ¯Ǹģ𻵣ݵܵҲûʲô⣬ȴǵǮִСһ״һĹ¯ʲôȫԣû⣬ǿɶ
ЦˣȫɲܺӣΪʽ˷ǳеĵطһʲô⣬롣ңһǰδеĻÿһǳܣʴˣΪһƵϵ
Ԫĵʵʲôϵ
޷⣬ϵʲôϵ
յھäĿһô죿
˾ް
ֻأ
ǿʶ
ҲǿʶҡҡͷǷǳģάһγɱҲͣüξͻˣ߷Σյıըʵûʲô塣Ǿзʱ򣬾ƶһʹùôʹã׻ʹõĸãôά׻УƣԷԼȥάޣֻԺרҵʿά޵Ļݺӵϳ⣬ܵԺȥάްɡǣҲŪͦ鷳ģǵ鷳Ϊǽķ㣬ǷǳбҪҲԵǾÿһǮ
Ԫĵ˼һˣԺҪĸ֣һҪ׼ʲôȡȣù淶Ҫǳϸʱ治ףǮǣԺ
ЦˣҲ֪δҲ˵ʹ÷Χ÷ǳ㣬׼ֻ鷳һʱȴܹΪδܶܶķ㡣ǿ·ˣôΪʲô·޵øһЩң˵ףʵ鷳ֻҪγϰ߾ˡ
ʵзʱ򣬾ѾһƵз׼ȻĻݿ类ըˡ
ҪͲǵ⣬з£ƾǳ˵ǻۣԼô֣Ǵ϶УҪҵϵףǸҵ
ԪҵұЩķչԼԺ֧֣Ѿ˼ͻƣҪ֪ԺʮǰѾо¯һֱûжϹźյЩǰоš
ʵǺͼƻõģ֮ǰһҪһҵϵȻĻ޷ģֻҵϢУչҵϵñˮߣñˮñơܸ֡֡ˡñѧñȹѧ
ʵѾһĹҵֻûǫ̃ΪҪһЩЩƷԺʿЩ춼оѧȻǺܸȤҲ֪Щ֪ʶܹʲôطñ˵ѧûʲôƷҪôȷݡ
ĳ֣Щ֪ʶ֮أΪЩƷԺʿͻȻԼѧ֪ʶôôĳ⣬Դ̸ֳӦ֪ʶָо̫ˣǶзǿȵģ˵Ϊ׬ǮżȤǺ޲ýе֪ʶȥ淶ԽԽϸ¯״ǶԼ֪ʶ˼ʲô״죬Чߵġ
Ԫĵ˼ú˵ҲǺеģҪͻޣҲ죬Ҹ׼ҲӦƶȻĻ˶Ҫһ鷳ԼƳױ׼Ļ˼ƲƷʱȾͻῼǵǵı׼ҪҪԪҵĸȷʵǷǳģ˵úܶԣļһ㡣
Цȫܹ⣬ϾıһУ˭ϣܹ
ԪĵЦŵͷ
˵ʲô
˵
ջͷһֻºѩ˽
æȥǿмм䣬һ§һʵλô
һ̾ΪŮӴѧ̲һ¡ˣѩŶ

ѩһ㵵Ŀ¡
չһЦѩҲ̫˼ˣǺۣۣܲæô
ѩȻ򣬲һЦ

ĵİһۣźյ֣ﲻæѧôʼˣ֪϶˺ü֡
ȴѩѩôϣ㱧ְ
㡭
ѩ촽һţüһ壬ֵĿźա
չһЦ§˹ֿԪĵĵʲôҪҵô
ԪĵƴסЦ⣬ֱҡͷ
յͷû⣬ֻһʱ䣬Ǳгֵ׼ȥָǼ䡣
µһ죿Ҳ̫һɡ
տЦΪ˺ܶ࣬Ҳһݣ˵Ļܾͻ¶ڣҵñִʼ˵󡣡
ѩһЦ治֪ľ棬ľ١
չЦƽû˼¡
˵䣬§λɳϣֵԭ٣һȥׯ԰Ǳ߶ȶȼ٣ɷɣһҶҪϢĿǰǲܹˡ
µΪǱߵô
յͷ
Ԫĵ˵ʵڵģչĺܺãǱҲӦƶȡ
յΪˣȻúãЩôΪ
ʵǻô
ҡҡͷϣҪ򣬵ðżڡ
ԪĵЦõô£㻹Ŷȼ٣
һƵʵĲóʲôҪ̫ˣʹҽǾ仰˵ðɣҾ˵һ飬ʲô±Ҫ
ޣ
ȥˣ


2010 ˭ƭ˭
ڶ磬ջƵ
ԺڣСҰܵԺеʯԶģСʱһģһû˿ĸı䡣ղ΢΢һЦ˹ȥЦа
硣
ͬ
ָܵæ磬ԵȻᣬ̡
û££ʵҲеġպǺһЦڱۿ

ϣС֣ôҪĻлСҰĳ
岻岻

С֣ôѽʲôʿ
岻岻
ʵҲһûб䣬Ϊܸܵеż
ܵҲǲ䷳ĸ岻
ǵģʶġվûԼ»ҪۣһȥǷɡ
岻岻

һۣȥ
ֻٸá
ǲǱСأ
Ц
յ֪Īް
ڴЦ
õǰҲǲǽҹ岻ˡ
˭˵ˣ
ʵô˼˫أ
ոȥ
ȥأ
ߵɱȳöˣ֪֪ж˳˼㣬񳤰ЩˡԱ
ʲôʱŮ˱ôˣհֹһ䣬ʵôȥ
ÿȫעĵˣΪʲôľͷ£治֪СϲҶһЩϲСҰһЩ
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յðһͷ亹ĿζԽԽˣɣһȥˣ
ϲѽ
Ͻһ٤ֺССֿǲ˵ģҪ̫СĻǿɾͲˡ
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ллˡ
СҰӹߡ
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ܵܺٺЦţԼ豭һڣȻ⣬յ磬զأ
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еһȻСҼһˡ
ֻЦ˵ܽ㣬⻰˵̫һЩȥǵΪҸһȣǶ಻ãЦֵܻҵġ
εĿۺգֻﰲοԼԼǱϷٸ뱻ϷûᣬеһȻ뿪ˡ
նԼһҲ⣬ΪƻѾʼܵ棬ú̸̸
ҲȽϷ㣬Ȼصãʱʱȥٹ˸ס
ʱ֡
ڽլԺ
ڣֻŹΣڰϣһźһһ߽űĿĿžƱѾƣüдһ˿ˣ·ûвս
ǴŹװ鲻ôƣĻΪԼڵģʵ̫Ըˣȥ
ҲûԹԼ˱ƣһڽȥֿҲᰲοģԭҲ˵ˣ°ο㣬Լοˡ
ｫƱȥǾҺһɡ
ȾǲܾġյΪѣ󶨵ѣӣҿǷǳģеǣһĶ֣һĶѡ
бĿݺһɣ
ʼԸǶǣʲô¶һͷôȥǶҵĲ𰡡
ﲻͷȲȣ
Ȼȡ
£Ȼһ
ҲһȻΪԼһģ֪ĸ׶ǶôҪ
յͷȻҲҲܹõĸŮ˱Ҹϳ֮󣬼һ˶ûУȫÿĸһˣӽ󣬵ѡĸ׵ĽǶȶԣĸ׵ȷǷǳΰ󡣡
ۿ΢΢Щʪ󣬵˵òûĸףҲнգĸҲϣΨһȫεˣĸǰҲҪÿ˵һ仰ǰ˼ҲҪȥ룬ʲô˵ʲô˵һֵε˶ûˡ
ܹ⡣յͷֵڿɲǱʹʱǵļƻѾʼˣǵôӮ⼸Ӳ̡
΢΢Цļƻʼ˰ɡ
յʲô˼
俴һжԣǱߵսȼ֪Ҵеõʲôǰŵÿɲһ
ǰôŵģͨ⼸սԼסȨǱߵἸ֮⣬ûκΰ
ĵĽ͵ֻǸոտʼҲһͣһ̣ҲʲôûеõǿӲţٵõ佫֧֣һӡһõĿʼһЩ
޹ءЦһ̫˽ֶΣƭңļƻͲˡ
΢΢ʼҪôΪҲûа취ҵļƻˣûƭ㣬ľȫڼƻڣǱֻСţĶ֣һһǿ󣬶յõΣӮøĻᣬŽԽԽҪһ
ЦЦһŻȻҲ⻰Ҳûа취ͷϣףֻ֪ңһʯ١
ҡҡͷĻǽǱ˴˵棬ֻ棬ҵ棬ΪΪ֮ϣ֮ȻҺҲ档⣬Ҫ˵ƭҲǻʺƭң㲢û·ʺڽ̤
һʵ˻
Ц̫ӡ


2011 Ｋط
̫ӣ
˫üһҶͿˣ
Цǻʺ̫ӵĸǲܸıʵŮ˶ĽʵҲǴʵݣһŮ˵ȫ޷ģòҲӦõģƻУʵǿɽ˵ġҲ˵һʵ̫ӳҲʵڰ̫ӣҴи㿴κϣ㽫̫ӽһ𣬸̫ӵλҲȻġ
¶һĨЦǵǴ˶٣Ȥʵ֮Ѿ뵽Ӧ֮أ
յһ˳̸еʱ򣬸ͲһνָϾɱһԱ֮ܿܡ˸ǴȥǣõֶҲȥȡҲҪʲôӦ֮ߣֻҪΪҸܹ򶯻ʺǾԣȻһ£ҪҾþֵܸһЩһ룬ҸʺģѾ޷
ѵô̹ϡ
ЦŵͷֵҲ̹ϵĸ˵ʼΪҵļƻʵƻٲȫҲ֪϶ģȥﵽĿģȻҲߵһʴڴ֮ǰʵǵĺƽ⣬ΪҸҪ㣬ܲҪңΨˣܹ֮ƽ⣬ҪˣУҲа취Ը㡣
ЦȻһǳбԩ̬ȣҲܹʺô͸ֲѡԺȥżҺһȻЩˬҲܹôԣҲֻʺ̤Ȼ̤Ϊʲô̤Ҳôġ
һЦˣܽƼˮ̬һһ̬ģֽƱм䡣
նסƱľƱһ˽һ
ļƻɹˣ̫Ӹôأ
ƸǣͻȻʵ
ɫ̫ӵȻ̫ӣǲıģϾĶӣµѪҺΪҲõĽܴķֻ̫ӵ壬Դһµø߶ȡ
ЦѵΪҿԣ
ҪǲеĻҸѡ㣬һѡһһ㣬ñ˵棬һ÷ô񡣡Ц
⻰ֱ˵Ŀϣʤһ֮ԣЦһĻȣʵ㣬£д
յȻһûҵѾĨȥһ֤ݣ
ҡҡͷԼܹ֤档
Цʺɵȥ³ϣԼôĿɾǻʺ㣬治ܻôġ
ֻǵ˻Ը㡣
յҲΪԸңΪѾĨȥһ֤ݣҲйϵ֤ݡ֮ʺԴ˴ɷģвǣȻҲҪллʺĹġ
΢΢һЦͻȻ¾Ʊ֧ɡ
⻰תģղûлعܿ죬վ֣Цǳ⡣
ｫִϣм䣬
§һλԸе츾ϴķҷټϾƾӰ죬ҿһǧǳǿ󣬷Ļһס
ǱѾʼǸô
￪ʵ
⵹ǰתעһŬӮһ̣ҪƯ֪Ӧò¡
һЦʲô֪һвĹôҲݼλ飬Ҷע㣬Ҳδκ
շŰ۵һΪʺ㵱ʱڱʹ֮С
һԵЩȻ
æԲҲǹġ
ﵭһЦҡʵ˵úܶԣѾǷǳҸģϾĸߵʱգȶҪöֻ࣬ȴѰˣܹȫŵˣΨҵĸף֮⣬޷κˡ
յͷҲΪʲôȥվǵλϣΪҿûֹ¶ΪҲǷǳƽģȻҪõĶ㵱ȻҲҪʧȥĶߴȴŸһȾƴƨץͷٱǣǺܿͻꡣ
ܲ˵ôסüһ¶֮ɫ
εϰ⣬ܸĲ˵ġ
εҡҡͷʵͬＫطĵ
յͷҷǳͬ
һ̾˵£˭εˣһĪ˵ÿһ仰Ҷ˼ҾŵģΪʵ̫˵ѣֻҪһɣܾͻϵѾϹһصԣΨһİ취˵κλͨͨҪȥţΪ϶ǿסġ
ƵܲܲҪ̸ô˸е⣬ǿ̸̸°
ںյĻҲţ˵νＫطǰҷ÷ǳɣҲôСĽ̷㣬ΪʱѾϰԵĽ㷽˵Ϊʲôôʹע㣬ΪѾһϰߡ
տЦֻܰοԼһλŮһֱ͵͵עһһУԴиˡ
治֪ߡ￩Цüּټϣ¼ɻĻ⣬ɣҲǰ˵
̾Ӧô˵
㵵ΪΣ
յǲ֪ǰǵСĽĸܣ˵Ϲ룬Ҫ֪˵ʲô㶼ţҾͲҪ˼ô࣬˵ʲô˵ʲô
Էһ°ۣɴ˿ɼ㻹û֪֮ƭôˣ˵ôѻҲΪ˵Ļ˻ţҲ˻ҡ
ҡҡͷҲҲҪԼԼĻܹƭˣǾû˵ѵıҪԣҵȻΪ˵ÿ仰˼һǻŵġ˵һ̾ϧǣôҲңǰʵʵ˵˵ѻ˵ʵ㶼ţҺαػȥЩˡ
Цҡҡͷ㻹ƶᰡ
չһЦ
ҲǿЦǰǶԴ£ֻޱȵķɣͻȻźգоǡ
ղһֻ˫޵ķĿЦκˮƵأ⵴͸źΣСɵ΢΢𣬺촽΢ţˣһסƾӿͷͻȻɿ޹ǵ裬˫§֫ЦоǶѾԣҲûʲôġ
˫§סĲ΢΢бͷЦĵ˵ͷ
յͷ촽ϣĴĥ
ӳ£շǳ֪Ϊһ£ʵֻһԼνղҲǺɶ


2012 Ӧ
ﲢû˵ѣͲźһΪĻͲʲô֮ˡⲻŹ鲻ţ£Ըսˣһǵʱûѡ񣬶ҲпԼ档
ԶںջὫŵڴ棬ƶյļƻʱһֱڹ۲죬һԼǲ˵ʲôֿǡ
ҪÿһҪԼʱȥĽΪʵ̫ңԶʵ棬ģǾ̫Сһ㣬ƻĲ̾ձʾ˳Ҳ̫Ӹ̨棬ƽ뺫֮Ĳġ
Ȼڷǳ͵ϾһŮˡ
Ҳ֪ŵģ˵ǾǰΣǲ¶ģҪΪŬ˼ҲῴЩΨʵֵ룬ΰ󣬵ûйϵѡѾⷽ׼Ѿﱳͱӵ׼Ĳӿ֣ǿԽǰһ
һֱߵ񣬾ΪˣĵλһߣڲϵĵôﵱȻԸȥ
Ҳмּȸּ򵥵Ĺϵںǰ̫࣬ˬǲˬҪαһףⷴеǳɣٹ˵ĹϵǽȻ෴ģЧȴһǰǷǳΣû˿οԡ
Ȼٹ˵ĴǷǳģװģȷʵǳҪĸף׿ĸ׵ݲ˵϶ԣǲġ
ˣʱ˿ķǳҪйΨһѡ
ʱѾûдôȥľǳûбء
ʴˣһزһǣƹﲢûϾ뺫շֿǾںյĻһ̵´棬Ѿöע⣬ҹҪݣκ¶ȥ롣
һͷһḧǹ⻬񱳣ǻŻζЦݣ˶ԣŵǷ飬ǿЩ⣬ΪԽ֮󣬲ģòԶ紩ԽǰԽǰԿԷΨⷽ츳ӹɵģСľϲ
ɼʧеá
ʵ˾Ȼܹôں̫ѹ̫ãҪͨȥйȻҲͬûȥͬģҪûȤôҲеģȻ츳ĸߣҲˣҲϣҪǷԸģԼصʣȷʵֲܹ˾ӣѾ˵һأȫûѹ
ҲˣƷʲô
ЦʲôȻ˫£źա
ζţ岻ɵһ漴Цʺ󷽲ᵽＫطԽԽе
вһĨɬҲһɫɱ룬Ⲣʲô
ЦģҾûж룬˻Ầ֮⣬ûһ洦
ʲôЦ飬ԶˣʮҲϷΪּ֪ǧֻһŮˣԶֻĸƷܳΪҪĶ
ںնԣⲻһǰ㲻ϡ
Уʵûʲô޵ģΪ汾ġ
׾òˣ
⻰˵֮ﷴʮɣŲӣԼøһЩлл㣬ܹڴʱ˿ҡ
ЦǧҪ˵ллʵҲǺ޵һˡ˵ţһֱͻȻȫûգһܸ߸ŵġɽ͡š
ĿһбһɣأջûгֹյĶԳЦû뵽ʱ˿̣ߵˣȻƽʹ޵һˡ
⻰˵ȷʵЩᡣ
ЦҲͦ˼ģ˾ôӵĶЩ˵ġ
ͷȻջﹰ˹ڲ䣬ᱧźգһ˫޵ķĿ뿪ء
ռŨѵʺʱˣûȥˣ
ҵģϢһ˫Ŀأ˵
׼Ļֵͦġղݸⷽ棬ǺܵģΪ϶׼ģҪ棬Ҫû˵ԩֹ벻ҵĻôƲˣҲ֪ȥҪܵĻٲ
Ҳ૵ֵزһȥϺһԶҪ
úǺЦԴ˱ʾɣΪΪûôʴȡ
ּ¶ɫҲĿ
úһͻȻ
ͬʱ
ɾ䴩·
յǲߣڴϾ˴¡
һ㴩룬бĿĮƳۺգһﲻȥһװҲ޷Ӻݸ߹ʣǰǸֻˡ
ŲãԼôǶôͼΪŮˣʲô¶ԼΪģģô򵥡
ҵЧǲġղϱӵԼŮ˻˯УȻĵ뿪ҹȫˣֻΪȤǺЦ
ȻǶǺգֻһССĲӰ쵽κζҲܴκζ
һҹ֮󣬳״ӱʹ߳ΪƻѾԽթĺյʱɲҴ⣬ȫԸ
̫ʱ̱æµ
æµ£ʵǱߡ
˫ڽ̸УҪ֪͢µû̸еأ˭֪ⲻ̸Уڳﱸս
ִӾѧԺеһѧԱȥǱ߹ںǶԣһǳѵûᣬǲսģֻֻҪͼǾͿսɣ
Ԥϵǰ㣬̸δʵξȫɵλǾͲ̸ɵģΪȫɵѾӰ쵽ĺ棬ѾǼϣò
ܿ죬ұ߲ƣԳϿɺųʮ򾫱
ƶȡ
ʵЩɺֻΪ˱ԼȨ״ݻ٣ѡ񳼷ģԵ·ûаϵʵһ羸ߣ˵Ҫפ߽ǵװǾǾԲܣǲܴӦģΪЩɺʼջǴȨգ˵ܹģֻҪʱ졣
Ȫɸṩ˷ǳõĽڣΪȪɵͻȻܶеܴܵвǲŻŽߡ
Ʒ棬ɳƃѦʹ󡢸٩ͦʹȶʮһԱӦսʹֻػӪݲHͻȻ꣬ӱֱӪݣϾHĹϵҲǷǳеġ
Ϣܿʹ˳
Ҳǵٿ飬ҲҪ֪ǰ־»飬ɲģ֧֣ξúο˲ŸĿռ䣬Ƿǳϣܹ̫ӣΪ޼ɵԭʼղŸ󳼡
Ѿսݵ£аźãʵ
̵·ģ̫ԭǾ㹻֧֣ټ̫ԭƻʳӿ̫ԭǱӪȻǲ̫ԭģݡݡޣЩطʳڲӱ£֧Űꡣ
ǳŵҪ꣬£սɽ
ЩǵǶԷųʮ򾫱ֻӣȫɵҲ򡣡
΢΢Ц£ϳ֪Ҳܹ񣬾УҲ¡
˵˿ҲǷǳսġ
ϳҲϡ
ͷֵ²ҪǣֻһˣһͳһȨԶû۲Ŵԣƿ֮ǰҲͨһϵе˲ԭеʴ˲ǿͻҲͨЩֶ˲ģֻΪһǿеȪɲߵһȻǱҪʤǣǵսԶǡ
ˣǵսԣǼбڵĴ䣬ıֹǾԮϣϳΪЩ䲻þͻȫϣֻԴϣȻӦԣֻҪϱҾܣʤͽǡ
Ϊһͳ˧ǷǳͬģȻǵˣǻ˵ĸݰƵãǴӮʲôֵýģμˮ֮˲͸ӿɳܣҪ֪һսҲǷǳģû˵
գЦŵͷ˾ôһ˵޵ҪĲٰ
ͻȻһս󣬿ɲǱƶȣĻʱʱ췴˭ܵˣ͢ӦǱƶȣԾ󻼡
εͷʵкν飿
յǳ޳˾յսԣǵĿֻǴݻǵͬˣҪ壬İսҴƵİաǵˣǻҪע۵Ҫİ֪Ϊ֮Ų˰óȻ췴ͼݺȻǲܴʱҪƶȣЩƴġ
ͷ֮޹ġ
룬ЦǾôɡ


2013 Ӧ
ǷսǶеֻţǽʱͬգսϢ֮󣬴Ӿе䣬еǼ˷ܣΪ˸еǡ
ٽʿ׷սڳֻ͢ɳӦսв
ΪԴӡ˰֮ǷǳֵǮΪĸǶҶԺǷǳаģŮѶǮѾԶԶǰĸңǻϵİӡṩ෽㣬һ֣ΪҺͰҲ㡣
֮±·򰡣
ǴƾУľ⣬Ҫ֪ƵNǴķ˵ˣؼסĵطտأһƽ߾һģ·Ҳţ;ǣ˼Ҽͣǿ֪ġ
˸ǼĲˣͬʱҲǳƣΪ͢سûи˺ѾǶһЩ̫ϰߣս˶ڲ룬ϴקĽ뵽гĻҡ
С磬ΪʲôǶ֪£㲻һֱᳫΪô׬Ǯ
֪͢дʳЩʳӦڲʱ֮裬˻͢Ҫ̣ǶԸʳ͢Ҫֲʳ
͢ôãôҲøһЧ͢Ļᰡ

ˣˣԽ˵ԽҪˣôȥˣ
տһȺ޳ܵˣǿյֱҡͷôһطǶûֵǵθھôǳ̵ô
ֵǴ󣬵Ҳ֪жúô˵иúأ
յͷˣǾǳúȥģ
˶׷׵ͷ
֮úǰ޿ɹģǰݵʱ򣬴Ҷú󻹲ǺܸȤؼõõطȽ٣ҪúûбģҶ֪һҪϣôúҪ
һ߾ϺһĮҴҴƳӣ췴ǴûгһȨﱾҴưգǾͱ⡣
һʧ͸ﶼΪ͢ڵӣƷ
ǺͻȻһתɣ̺ǱһҪṩƣذմս߳͢ǻȥǱҲãҲãⶼǿ̸ġ
ЩգգۣͻȻӦ¶ϲɫʵ̫̼ˡ
ʵ߾ֻ࣬߾ͶʣǺͶʣ䲻˵ֱӵָǣ߸ūЩҪǿУ½ǮҲν
˵̶ȣǵúҲ֪οɣЩɾΪŵѽ
Ҫ֪Ÿոտսѽ˶Ѿ̸۷ߵ£Ҫ֪ƻᱻιȥ
ʵǣնûнݵ£Ŵ֣ȥΪһθϴ߾һһǷǳĺڣ뺫治һؾǴͳģʽշ治ֻ֪ڵƤëϸȫ֪
ǽͶ뵽зС
ɽˮΪĺӶΣһ䳬ģѾ˵ǹǴӸ߶Ȼǳ
Ȿǳ͢ĵأǰǺܶ򣬵ǳ͢ƬصʮʹȨżҡ
⹤ǷǳˣǵϻȥֵܵˮɴҸоǳ˼飬ǲֵܵ⹤ǸС׼ס
Ļ豸治һĴ󣬵ǳܸ֡ˣˮǺ¡¡ͣҪ׸ߵĵط⹤Ѿˣģǿ֪ġ
ȻʵҲһ󣬾Ϊû߾ܵʴκλǷǳӴġ
żҴͶʣԺӹˮ
ʵĻȫˮж붼۴
ΪƣڻĿǰˮֵģɽˮˮǳ棬ȶ
һǳ̶
һԵĺöҪˣߵŴȴԵü˷ܣ·һ׷ǳöĸǣ˼飡̫˼飡
ǵһؿôڸϴ׵ģҴûƿף޷󰡣
ȵһմ֮󣬺ոϽӻ֣ˣˣٴ򡣡
ŴѾļǰȥǸСף·𶼿Ҫһ㣡
͢ȻôţļҪƣš
һλƷԺʿ´굶ǵõĹõĸĥģЧʺ;׼ҪԶʤݵˮ
굶ͻȫֹģõĹϼ֣ҪС֮ãܹһ굶ľǧʹĥҪǷǳϸһ㹤Ǹûġ
Կ˵Ʒ
۵ĹнѾﵽ˶ʮᣬʳסж㣬ĻԿԸ߰ƷԱȣңûдģ
ǾƷԺʿֵݸһ˿һ˿
սӹ̵ݸŴЦȥԸоɡ
ŴǼѣ˿˿תУΪʲô굶ҪôϸΪ޷νӣǼһգ·ڿһĴŮһ㣬ˮҪ

ŴɹĽ˿ת֮󣬲˷ܲѡ
Ц˷ܣұˣ
Ŵһ㶣˻
յҪףֻǼܷõչӦãּܲĲƸܿͻʧģּܹ֮ĲƸôּܹõչˣϣǴܹڸּңҲȫԺԺ׻ѧʵģҪǱīǴģۻ㹻ľ飬⻹ҪǴУȥչּΪǽӵдľ顣
Ŵԣ˼Σˣˣģһʧġ
Цʧ񣬵С£ǣòãżҺܾܿͻᱻȡ
ŴͷĽԣһġ
Цŵͷ
ǾƷԺʿʹŴȥιǻ豸ؼ̫󣬲ҲǺܼ򵥡
յûиһȥߵһ߹̨ǰϷһЩĥߡ
ȻһʮͷĹ˹еһ
Ҫ֪˶ǳƺΪġ
вܲˣǸһġ
ƫͷ˲ܲһۣЦǵоɹѾСûдﵽҵҪ󡣡
ܲǶģѾһ굶ڵ߷棬Ѿ⣬Ҫˮǲ̫ȶзڳһɹСžܹﵽҪ󡣡
յͷϣҪҵ̫ãʱʣʱѾˡ
ܲŵС֪ˡ


2014 ߽
ʵһҵѾ֮С
һܹǳ֤һ㣬ʽ롣
ǮȻܵģûǮܵġ
Ǿ仰ΪΪ
Ǯ򣬾ǿԴġ
СũõĻʽũҵʽҵʱôҵȻͲڻ¡
Ϊ˲ߴߵģʽ빤ҵô˲ȻҲҵʼ÷ǳϡȱ˶ⷽ˲š
żҵĴԪҵֳֵĳУԶ촬ţڿʼһжΪĳ֣Ҷ˼ΪԼĲƸ
ʵԺնλǸѧʣۣЩ˶ԸͶʵΪѧʲһܹƸ˵ϱɲƸһǳֹḶ́˻ԸǮͶʣûйϵƳɲһǧ˶ѧʵľҾĲŶ֣˼Ҷоʮ꣬οµƣֻҪͬǾԸ⻨ʱУʵҾȤˣƷԺʿõ֤ѧϰ̽Ϊ֣ΪǮ˵ʵҲҾ
ôջҪˣȵʱǲɹѽ

ΪƵ۹ͳ˧ʾսᳬ£Ȼˣ£Ͼͽһս
ʼʱ˻ڣһͽȫɵľӸſ£ۿҪӪȥˡ
ʵȫɵΧӪݱϣ˶϶ѡص˺϶ѡ紦Ĳ
֮ƃѦʹִſס˵͹ǵʱƾǴڱ
ֱ̫ԭĲս٩ͳ˧һ̫ԭ·ԼĸǧϱߵķߣԼǧС·䣬ֱӳŴϵĴӪȥ
ʵƾһսԷǣƵǰߣȻĲӣ͵ϮԷĴӪ
Ϊͻެ֮⣬е˵Զô󣬲ҪһǴԽǧһӾܹͻϮ˵ĸء
ʴˣһԲˬս˿٣󷽿϶ǿġ
ʵ·ѾƾӰǿƾҲǱģѰ˼žͱȥƾȻƾֻǧȫǾ񣬶ֶǷǳѵģҪǣǾ͵ɳеˣֹܹƾ
ϿɹѽûʲôޣǱҲƳЩ뷨ǣ߶ȥ˭ӮҾ˭Ѻע
٩Ƿǳ˳ϵĸء
ҿɲһȻͻʮ꣬ҲսѾ뵽ƾܻ̫ԭΪǰƃ£ǳƾսϲȥ͵Ϯ˵ĴӪǲ˷ߣû뵽ƾôɵùǴϵĸء
ӪǲܶģֻܼǰߵĹƣԮ
ƾ̴˿ƃѦʹ˾ɲŹᣬٱٷЩѧԺѧԱǣʼ۹ƣǿɶǺյѧƣƾѾϵĴӪ䶨ˣҪͶĻһ롣
ɹ߷ƥe䡣
˵ѩʤֻʱ⡣
ݱѩƬĴ
ҲûпϲģڶԣӮʲô£ؼڴ֮ȥ
ͻȻ缲ͷĿѣȫ壬ͽ½ȥ
á
ϳΪǳƣɲȡƶĹ˵
յУ͢ƶȣΪԭ˰޷ӦõҲȽİҲ޷ܷص˰񣬵һ򲻴˿ڲ࣬ҲԶҪõö࣬ŷḻˮԴΪҪǣҴѾΪӡ˰ӡ˰ǿԶģ࣬㽻˰Ͷ֮࣬˰٣ֻҪԸĶ
еͷ޳֮ԣԭȽԶںӱɽϣ߻ݣȶ񣬶ԭӰĿɲСӦòȡԭһߣǱΨˣǲŲҡ
Եͷʵ̫кο
ΪսҪĵҾʿ׼ơ
Цŵͷ̫֮˵ţֿա
յʺ̫ģֻҪսһʿ̾ܵõӦеĽ͡ѾûǮ׼Ӫ˽һѧԺԹӪݵľӵѧȽʿִٽߵںϣǵԭӵһɳģǵȻΪԼһԭա
ͻȻЩܲԸԭƶȣԭƶȣҲΪһ׹٣ǾͻƶȣĻҲûȥȻսܵģҪܵǴϣвٲ䶼ͶǵģǱǽܣʱܻŭԣҲһ󻼣ǺβǨ볤ǹְ
յҲûӦģֻα겻α
ʵкν飿
յԭͱȽ־ôһսѩϼ˪֮ǰǰսǿԴΪɣЩתҵһԸôôǾͳΪˣǲİգͳΪԱͬʱǻùȥǱ߽ȫչ˫óסôʹӲ˳ΪеԱܹлǵȨͬʱǲƸסǡȵһ֮ƶȣлƶȡ
Եͷ֮ջָƣܹûдģҲ϶ų͢ľԴΪΪǷǳ׵ģҲʲôԹԡ˵˶٣ֵ˵ףǷǳѵģǱҪɲ֮òʧ
Ĺࡢ´Ƿ׷׵ͷ
Ҷ޳ɣǵ¾ͽȫȨ
յ
ã֣
ոձ֣ɣʺ˵ò±Ҫȵս֮ҪһǰǱߣЩĿ־ͽ䱸ǵǱ㣬Լذջָơ
֣еȥɣǱߵƤëҲ֮ġ
յͷȻ˼ڲܣֵҰѡ˼λ֣ǵض°빦ġ
֣е˭
յȫɵһˡ
֣вǣ
յ˽⣬ȫһ̣ҷǳƳҵϤ򵤵ϵЩˣҲһ̳ΪǲϾǵʤһǿȥҪְλ
֣ɻ𣿡
ȨŶЩ˼ѽ
Цʵ໥ìܵģĻҪԲÿո𣬲ǸոԼûйϵͼĽǮ棬ǳеЩΣǾͺѷչǿԽϵǣǳŵһǷչչǵóס
Ƕԣȫƾҵģ˵˵ͲƸҪģǵȻѡһˡȻǵ죬ȥչҵǿãûǰ;ģһܼܵ͢ලҪһЩ
֣еҵչôгԭټҵ棬Ҳԭ˵Ķ֣ԭܹɢǵʱǲԭΪС
Цŵͷˡ


2015 һ㣬òã
ԭĶԿ治˵򲻹ǴӮҲ֪ιԭƶȣûа취ġ
ȻƶȽ治̫á
ҵĳ־ͺܺõֲһ㡣
ȣҵ߹ͬӵеĶսʿˣǵģ߾ͻΪŹͬ
ΣκʱʵֻһʱջǵԵ·ˣƶʵԵ·˵һʽǸЩְʵҲǱ֤ǵȨƷֻҳӣ֮Ǳ¾ˡǷ˵͢ЩʵҲûʲôɸǵģûеڶѡ
ҵ͸ԭṩ˵ڶѡҿԸƸõҲƸҲܹȨģֻὫȨɢΪֻһ˿кܶ˻ϣ׷òǲƸôŲƸˣԲˬġ
󣬾ҵṩһƶȣСũõƶȣûṩ壬ӡ˰ʵҵƶȣһƶȵﶼá
㣬߽ƶȡ
˵ףǷǳѵãҪսǷǳӵģҲΪʲô֣ǰȥȥĻ治ġ
˻飬ֱʱֲŽ
صеĺգִоȻǺģһʱλ˶Ӧڴ졣
ȥԷڴһЩļ
ˣ
̧ͷźա
յͷǰǳԵϵӵһߡ
±ƵʲôﻹѰ˼ʲôʱôˣ
㻹ҪҪ壬⣬۾ῴϹ
˵ţ·쭵Ļᣬ㽫

¾һʶ§סյĲüŵǲô
Ҫôȥһ治ˣ쿴ôĶȥպߵ
ĶʱȥҪˣҲʹǣңֲ֪ҡ
ձǰЦôܲ㣬ɣ°֮Ĺûд꣬Ͷ
һůһۣˣҲѹؼҡúôֵۡʵҲΪһڼңеģŹġ
ʵˣĵѩأ
µԪǻ쵰ˣĵźȥԪұŶƤҪȥģһϢûСϷǴǰϣѩܹ٤ֻϷˣ˷ѩ٤ֻȥˡ
æϷ岻ãҲӦȥѽôѩһȥأ
Цֻ˵Ϸֻ÷ѩţûš
պߵ˵˵Ϸ˿ϲˡ
µ˵Ϊʲôֻ÷ѩȥ˵ӦǷһȥġ
յ⡭⵱ȻΪ֪æ£鷳ģһȥҿһϷˡ
µͷǡ
ͻȻһתͻȻһһĻᣬۣˣҲһ죬ҲۣպþڼңҪһȥɡ
ϸһ˿˵ʲôң֪ûġ
ûоܾպٺһЦֱӱվ
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ȥأ
ˣѨλ࣬Чöˣνһá
쵰㵱Сôúúãˣ
ںջͨ죬ˮ£Եý޶ˣ˫Ŀȴŭ쵰ǿɶţÿġ
ﲻ˼аЦ̧˫ȴǶ飬Ҳ֪ôأ
Ҳ¶˼ӦùͦİɣõĻ˵ûڱϷ˵ίı˱죬ֹСӿɱһ˶ˡ
ȻдŸسסŮТĻشǳˣҺòײŽ޳ȥôͶţעܳꡣ
չһЦֵҪҽȥǱߣΪأϲ磬ߣҲܹİ
¾ϲĿô
ЦҪ첻ˣһƨ
ֱͷҪܹˣǾòˡ
ٹ˵ȥúվ⸸ĸʹˣӦҪǸⷽ¡
ͻȻʵˣϲϲڳ
һ㶣ʵ
Цתע
£Ȼֻǰһ⻬⡪
ոϽһס֣Ѹײȥֱ׵ȫŷŹˣףɲҵĶ֡
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ᱧֵ˵ģ㵽ϲ
˼£ȻǽȻͬģǡҶϲݵʱȻûʲôߣҲͦģصȻæҲҲͦõġ
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µĺæ
յʵȨˣҿӨӨһǳõİ֡
µȽ⣬ҿɷŲ
Цףǵмƻ꣬ȽķڹϣͬʱһȺ֣ȻĽķŵ
Цŵͷѵ˳ĵġ
ռһģ֮鲻Խ촽£漴߻ЦˣǰԸͰˮ

ڶգȥңϷˡ
ϷҲѾʮ꣬ȻǴǰȻ˯У·ڱϲţҲ߲˶Զ
Ҳ֪ϷϲľѩⰮݼڣں٤ǸϲмӣѩҲϷˣԸΪ˷ѧԺ£ҲǴӦģסˡ
Ϸ˶ԴǷǳм
סһգڶպȥԪұµûȥΪȥԪǸ޶Ļ쵰ͻظȥ
ոԪұͼԪĵҴҵ˳
ˣôأ
ռԪĵһǣɫһæӭ˹ȥ
ԪĵŵǴ磬Լȥ滬ҲͰˣȻȥҲǸոյ֪
ǳһЦĪȻ¹񱣬ҲصģԪСħצţҲúõôһͬȥɡ
Ԫĵͷֵʲôħצ
ϲ˵ǷǳάԪյġ
໥ģԪնԪĵǱȶԪһԪӥҪ̫ˣô˵ϣԪںˣá
չһЦСġ
ԪĵһۣϣȻǷǳ̵ľϵ˳Ԫұɽǰոµúߺ󲮺󲮺
Ѱȥֻżֻ׷ţǽںµܵˤš
Ц㿴ûô
ҿû£Ҫ¡
Ԫĵһǰȥ򡣡
ѽҲˡ

գ˹ͷ󺹵ĳźյҪɣҪ졣
պǺЦҪ죬ѽ˵
ǴӦѧϰأ
ԪĵǳӦôﲻӦ㲻ô
ŵһ㿴󲮡ԪϲɵúúõôʲôΣա
Ԫĵ󲮲ҪҲѧôҪ֣Ҳˡ
ίı죬ԪĵʱﻹһЩȻƽʱֵģһԪĵƽʱȻᣬǲЦַǳ࣬Щ¡
æȱܵҲһʱ𡣡
պǺһЦһִںļϣӣ⿴󲮷ɵĿ֪Ϊ˸Ŭôϰġϰ䣬ѧ٣ͳͳʮܹ꣬ϰ裬⹦ȻҲӦɡ
ٺƺ˼˵ҪȺʮܹôʱҲܲźˡ
ԪĵòûЦ
ε˶һۣУ˵ȥɡ
˵öԣҲֻ˵˵ѡ
£ⲻִô
Цˣˣĸ˵ȵտ֮󣬵ῼǽ⻬󲮿Ҳǵ̵ġ
ϲô
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ԪĵæǰһߣôǲеģҲӦ
ССӹƶˣŶûϵ׼Ļ˵Լ͵͵ѧΣգȸһЩͷʱסտûһۡ
Ԫĵһ
˵䣬ŲԶ˺СãСá
ԪĵͷһһźϵԪұȥˡ
նԪվ˹Сôأûпô
̾Ѿˣ
쵰
ԪŭźգСӴùϵ
ղûԪһҲ룬Ԫĵͷ⣬ĵܲôĴѰ
Ԫմ㵵Ѱ
ʲôȻҪշŰ۵
Ԫ̧ͷֹۣ̫һ㣬ܹ£»ȥһĵطͲˡ
һۣʮˣУִһԪգͣһ׷ûУòҲûʲô仯ô˧ͿɶȥһϺûһɣĸо룬ɺƲԪҵĽôܹȡԪҵı̬ǶôĿֲѽ
ԪֿգСôأ
շŰ۵˵أ
Ԫյǽǳһף϶Ҵ̽ϺǱߵϢҿʲô֪
Ц֪ʲô֪ұȻһЩ
ԪպߵƨҸղǱ߻
պǺǵǴӮ˶Բԣ
ϻҪǴˣȥˣ͵ȺŶûԪҡͷԵ
һתԪûй񫰡
Ԫյˣ֪ˣӶȥ
ЦԪ붯ǣҵԸԪṩһǳƽ̨Ԫչһ½ǡ
ԪͻȻźգСǲף
ЦԪʲô֮ûʲôԹҸƺ㣬Ǽλɩɩ£ҲΪ˱ԪĵңܹһҸţȴţڲҲͦô
ԪպߵɲһΪϷŪˣɲʲôɣȻҲôΪģֵٸһף㻹˵°ɡ
ճƬ̣ͻȻҿԸһսúù񫡣
Ԫռ췴
ûô࣬ӵλޣһŮҷȥ췴ô
ҾûʲôȤԪһ֣ҿɲԸﳯ͢
Ц˭˵Ϊ͢ΪԼ򣬶ұ֤һ޾׵սһʷᣬΪʷΪҪһսһΪ˸еǳġ
Ԫҡͷ˵ǲӦġ
ʼǾ͵û˵ɣȥºС̸̸
ȵȻᣡ
Ԫһ̧ҪҸʲôܹõʲô
յϣܹаѵǧʿܹõʲôˬ̼͸һζ
Ԫһĵǧܹʲôս
ЦȤĵطҪһ˴һˣΪȤô
ԪѰ˼ţҲô
ּʱҲֻҪѵʱԴ۶һƭ㣬߾ûʲôȤҲѡ棬ѵģȨţһԸⳡϷԱȻȤĶ࣬Ӧҵ۹⣬˵ȤǾͿ϶ǳȤ
ԪʵΪʲôѡأ
յΪѵˣǳҳϣңһһ˽ˣͬʱԶ˺ĵ˶ԣԸ㣬ֻҪŲϷŪͿˡ
˴ˡ˴ˡ
ԪպһֵҲǧʿǳ͢ģ
ϻҪǳ͢ģû
ԪյУһó֣͢Ԫҵġ
ЦģǿԽɢѵʮˣѵʮˣѵڶѣⲻǺô
Ԫʵǵ˭أ
յĿǰ֪һС档
Ԫü˼š
ЦԪҲСˣϺĶ㶼ѾˣⳡϷ϶ûҾԹ̼
ԪҧЦ㻹ǽо͸ˣ⣬ϴ˵òСҰĲС
յʵҸһûʲôҰģͼľһģⳡϷܹҺ˷ܣô򵥡
ҪӦҲУһ
ʲô
Ҫҽװȥ
գգۣҵɱˣһӦġ
ԪյΪΣ
յΪɰ뷨Ǻõģڸ޷ʵ֣ܹʵֵĻԼҲŪΪҲϲôɶҷġ
⵹ҲǡԪյͷ˼ΣҪûˬСӾˡ
ЦûˬҾͽԼ׳ˬ
Сӣ̫ˣԶһ㡣
ȥˣҵ˼ǣϷŪ㲻һô
ʵոûôƣԪջǴӦΪԪϲ̼ȷʵЩģͻȻҪѵʿŶܴ϶кܶȤңҲֵ֪λͻȻҪԲǿЦģֱӹغԪĵƾһ㣬Ҳæ
ȻҪΪո̫Ĵ̼;ϲȻֵţǺ˵̼ǿ϶ǳ̼


2016 ̥
ûйãǱߵսʽʵҲûôҪϴӲսΪЩ俴ȫûȡʤϣͲԸȥ
Ҳ˵ȫʤΪӵԭȥˣѦʹҲûм׷ȥããԭҲ֪׷ǳ͢ղᣬ׽ҡ
͢Ѹ£ʾ˴սҶҪееսΣ޹ģðնţһҪ̰ذջָƣֱӽ̫ԭƻҷ֣ΪʹǰרŸ¡
ƃǣҲӳ͢ûдɱ䣬ҲԸ߾׽õʿͳͳ䵱ūһЩʳȼõصİաȻҪǾѧԺѧԱ𣬴֮󣬾̾ȼõذգṩʳҩģҽ͢گǡ
һվ͸ӲԸⷴƣȻսˣǳ͢ǣǣɼĴ
շЩ̫ǺúõģȫҲǱΣģƾʲô˼ҽԼ׬ǮЩͲսĺ޻֮Ƕۡ
ȻֻǸһʳȴΪպĸĸ˼ʵĻ
ʵҪ˵Ӧ˵ڸ֮ǰڴΪͰȥ̽úֻҪ㹻棬Ǿġ


ڳǵ棬һĶҲǺΪĵزҽģҪǸͺϰ
ǾзǳҪһɲܲѧġ
СҰ֮󣬾Խ̺򡢺
ݣݣݣС壬ⲻ
˧Сھԣܵ߱۹ȥЦܵܡ
ܻܵȻ⣬ô죬ɱˤš
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ջعͷͻȻСҰŸͷǰһ˫
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ܵܣ
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ۿҪˤʱһӰͻȻԣһסһַסĺ󱳣˲
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СҰ
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ûҶ·ӣһһ֮ΪһǧѽҪԼˣðԼĵˣֵֵ衣յǱߵս£ެ滹֪ɡ
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˵ţеСӵݸ
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ЦôˣȥɣʱһὫ˽ҩȥ
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һĨЦ⣬ָôľΧ˵죬а˶ΪǳΣջȴֻ֪Ͷʶѣǵر㲻ҵθڡ
ЦЦúüթŶ
һֻŴ۾ĿվԵĺС죬ɫһСӵôһ㳤ûС
ƫͷ㣬תƻ⡣ȻյǺѾС塣
˵ʱµܵܵԴʾ
ЦҪСȣܹ̩ɽˣûмСڼвǮŸǲ
ܵ˹磬ʲôǮû¡˵ţСԴСֱͱ׾Сʱ·ˤ㳬ҿɲֵҪܹСҰ壬ǲֵˣ
СҰһҿСҰ壬ҴûҪСҰ塣
úǺֱЦ



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ΰϣŮŶͷ
һԣЦΪԼӷǣһӡĸ׸£̸࣬Ŷ̫Ӱ˳檺ܶæʵ檲ûʲô¡
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εͷʵкʵѡ
檿˹̾־ֳ˼ֹСŮ
һףҪݵȻ䣬ҸһЩҷûʲôϵҲݣҲǺģʺҲȥңȻѡȥ̫ӣôݶ̫ҲǳҪҵƳһֱǳǿ󣬿Ժܺõİ̫ӣҲҵŮˣһα»ʺɡ
ЦǿɲУбԿǱ⣬ȥﱸ
εͷӦ


2017 
һս֮Ľյĳŵ̫ĳ롣
ﲢδԼ٣Ҳж棬ټƺ̫⣬ûڹ£ӿ϶ԼĲ²Ⲣûдƭļƻˣûô򵥣棬ǲֵһᣬǲҪҲգβ̫ӣһܹ
ⲢڼƻУΪԼУҪںյļƻ˭н飬˭ÿ죬ÿͶǴ
⣬̫ȢҵŮˣʵǽһ̫ӵĹϵ˻ʵۣһʵȨ̫ҲС
һֱΪӦ뺫յͬУռȨռȨͿ˭˭һУŬļԼںյ
Ҫ̤úǣűߣⲻԸ
οҲһӹ֮ˣǵˣǳΪȻκˣֻƽ⣬ҲΪóģֻ̫ĴλȫȨ¤ţ³޼ôǿִܷ
ȨͬʱҲԸ⣬̫ӹ
գͻȻټĹࡢ´λࡣ
μ¡
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ȵ֮α̾˿ʱǰ¬ʦΪް֮ǾᣬϣܹˣΪ̫ӵ壬ƷԱǸж֮࣬޿κΰ
Ĺ£Ǳ£һ¬ˣ¬ʦԵкͲܽϼѣѵһʿܹκñµĲȻʲôҪһЩ
εͷ᲻ѽѾҲֻܴӦǣ֪кܹλأ
Ĺһۡ
ʵѵһ¬ʦԵ˲ŶûУ
ĹüѰ˼һС£ΪϹǿɽ¬ʦԵλӡ
εͷϹǵȷһѡѽ°Ϊأ
´̵ͷʾ޳ɡ
´ֵ£ʷһְһֱţةȻڣǳٹ٣ﴦԼΪɣڿ˽¸ϣټΪʷ򡣡
ЦﴦԼ˵ĲܺƷУǷǳǿɣϵ

һʷһɣξô׵ĴӦɼĹǲε˼
Ϲ̫˳̫ӹϵǳá
ﴦԼþټģá´ͬ͸Ǩʱ÷ǳﴦԼΪ޼ɵһ£ûǨһֱų⣬񻹱帮ᵽ¹Σָ֮ġ
˶̫Ӻ͹¤ŷǳеĹϵǴϴе©֮㡣
ôϵȻãɼβûвͿúȨͬʱҲƽ⳯еȨӶ̫ӵĵλһɶ̫ӿѹסɵĻ̫ӾͿԴƽ⡣
һҲΪ̫·
ںôעںϣΪ͢һǹϵպΣβΪԼΨһģû˭вûйڵĵǺգΪȷʵҲЩȻȴӲȨҲɣᵳӪ˽¶õȥ˵ԼжٸͬƷҲ⣬ûµʱϢȫҪƺ⺫գһ˾
αǲúռʱֻȨ֮ƣǿУջأͼŰɡ
ϾҪ棬ǷǳյΪܹ׽ܵĽ飬Ǻܿĸܣ£иͷΣ׽ܺյĽ顣


ιιι˵ܲܵȻڿĶġ
һƵĿҩ¼쳤
쳤һҩƷҶ׼ˣ
ҩ¼ԣʵ̫Ҫڿ뺫ྡ
ɫȷǼ¼Ҫ˵
쳤̷¼¼ԺյĿ־廹еġ
յϣ㽫ܹ¬ʦԺ
쳤ȵΪʲô
յҽӦ֪ģǺǿǿ֣ҩƷĿаһġ
쳤ǡҸ϶ġ
¬ʦôȻ֪ģΪ֪Ÿе£ȫͲһ·ˣһΪ˾ˣһԺΪ
ЦģҲһֻǺѣû˭˭ֻͣҪסǽзҩƷ޹
쳤ԥΣҿɷ񲻴Ӧأ
յȻܡ
쳤Ըĵ˵ͷ
պǺһЦϣļ򣬵ʵҲ̫ǣ¬ʦ˲ôõദҽȳźһ£ʵ޷һ˵Ҳǿѵġ
쳤ͷ֪ˣ

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ݺԼʵǹȾϵĶֵܼᣬҵͷһۡ
ʵ֮һֱзȾϣƤȾϣû뵽¥ͻȻȾţƫƫôãֱ֮Ⱦϣ֮¶ǳɥ÷¥ȡ
Ȼֻһ⣬쳤зҩƷʱŪģڰУҲǷǳ⣬Ͼ¥ȾϷ棬һֱǳǰֻ¥Ⱦ϶ֽŵġ
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ϧ֣вڣѾȥ
ǰϾʹų˶Ѿɣ˶ҲĻص˳
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˶һֵںյţ΢΢·ٴһ㡣
տЦõˣû˭һ
˶Ҳù㡣
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յˣѾ˺𡣡
˶ŷ뺫£ղ̫ϲؾصţֱϣֻų˵ŵ֡
˶Ƚʵ˿ֵ˵ƻʱ򣬿˵컨׹˵ãһ£δ̫һЩ
̾ɲô˵»ͬһ£ȫ˵һֻǿôһѣҲû뵽ô򣬶̫ûйȻͶ׼ʱҲ˵һս¾ͽ⣬Ļܻʧܣҵÿǵ÷ǳ꣬Ĵȥ׼
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յȱ𼱣úϢһꡣ
˶ҲҪϢ²ûкķ̫ľ
Цŵͷʱǽһ޴ѣҪȫԸԣǴʱ񣬺Ӧѡ
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֣ڻȵʱ죬һģʲôҪȥ룬壬ǵʱûİҿܻǳѡ
˶ͷղԸ˵Ҳʵġ
ֵ֪ǳί㣬ģһؼյġ
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һĨЦ⣬Ҷܹ࣬ʲôܵġ
˶治üǰҲ̸£ǶջǱֳһεҲ֪ԼؼգÿɲһһغţеǣɽΪңûбҪģҲϲУȽҸԸ
յҲȫΪ㣬ֻҲеһĿģǵ˵õڶ˶֣Ƕ˶棬̸ֺڶأ
˶ɲһСˣֻΪֻΪ;ûҪѾϰյļƻˣҲԻֵ֧ģЦ㻹ļǵŵѽ
շŰ۵ʲôЦÿŵҿɶǵá
һ仰ڳ˶ԣʤǧ¶΢Цŵ֣¡
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˶һۣݹҶ㲻
ֻΪҺġ
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˶һ죬ĵİһۣ˼Ƭ̣ҴȥϢ
վȵΪë
˶Ƥ£һøһЩ
˵ɣȷʵЩ÷ԵģܵһЩӡ
˶ͷ


2018 ʮ·
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⵹Щ죬Ͼ岻޴£ǾģҲҵֻµɽȥ
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¬ʦԹֵ΢
ûа취ҡͷһֵ̾кһ£ټϹΪɣ֪λΣ
ԭˣ̷Ӧȱ̬£ҲϹѡ
СӡʽҲվʾ֧֡
ֿ֪˾տ
æϳû
εͷֵ⣬Ҳһ£ټﴦԼΪʷ򡣡
̵û´ة
еˡ
κЦĿһۣûˣةûθɣ
ڨڨһЦ
æҲû
ο۴Уةİ޶ԭҲΪʷ򣬵Щ㣬޴˷ţҲϣܹﴦԼ̡
еһģ΢Ǹм㣬΢ǰѧϰġ
Ц׾òˡ
ҶʾûʵĹࡢ´֧֣ҲѸıʲôǺնȨԣôο϶ǻᡰǡһµģǺղôԾΰţҲģֻҪΪ̫Ӵһµĸ֡
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εʽﴦԼΪʷ򣬼ӷͬƷϹΪɣӷͬƷƶȣûͬƷͲܽá
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Ǿͬһ㣬ȫûԤ׵ģϹǵʧܣΪԼ;ܾ͵ΪֹŶãûбų⣬ֱӽá
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յ˾ЦʲôңҲ˾ܹ䡢޼ɡǲȥôŶ°
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ȻϹǡﴦԼƺģؼ̫ӣ֮󣬾͹һΪȶĸ֣ͥ͢໥ƺ⣬ͬʱΪ̫ӻֻҪ̫ӵĵλҡôʺĵλӼ̣ศɵģݵʵҲõ
ﵭûκѡֻûҿһ˿ϣҵȻҲҪΪԼıȡ·
ü㲻Ըҡ
Ҫģûҿκγ⣬ʼ
˵þʵʺ¼̫ءյ
̾һҧʮ¾ôֻΪԱǷڣҲӦҿϣ
һЦʺĵȻһˡ
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ͷ
΢΢ףȻת뿪ˡ
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ãĿ΢΢һƳҪ˵ЩֶΣʮտҲĶ֣ϧˣѾٿ赲ңʱҪǵЩֶΣò԰ǾͰĵķɡ


2019 ǺڿƼ
ӻʳǳ֮󣬺ȥԺ
ԺǳһƬˮУֻⶼŸʽģͣÿ϶ˣţһԣñʼš
Щ˿ɶǵΪźֹ
зٶҲ֪
ȻҪΪݺЩѾһǳʵĻݵʵѾǳΪ˽Ϊ˱ģҪԼеԶСûСǶԣʧܣֱܹӦõϻߴϵǳɹǿ֪ġ
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ոæ˹ȥ
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ЩƷԺյɫһеһ
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һ˵зһֳˮ
ˮ
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˼æÿԺ뿴зĳˮ
Ŀȥֻˮһשɵ¯һС¯ϻףһСƶŸܸˣܸ˴һת֣תִѱ˶ţͬʱͲ治ϵˮð
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ʱͻȻ˹Ц֪ǡ㾭үүТͨ
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ˣںպǰԳѧɼպѧĵλѾġ
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ƽԺĻǰѧҸżλǰȥԪҵú󿱲죬ʱԪӱᵽúĻˮһֱˮͰˮԽԽ鷳谭úԪϣܹ⣬ǴͳͲͷΪĳˮ̫С̫ڣЧҲߵģǷǳ㣬ѧֿǹķܹųڼ䣬һѧ뵽ɷˮǾˮ
ЦŵͷЩǵģһ㽫һ㣬ϾŸոշ֪һеġ
ƽæңң΢ĩ̸֮ϣѧҪ͡
Ц΢ĩ֮ǰ˰մæеĻ԰Щʣ¶ǮֿԽʡڳúԼƹ棬ҲشãǷ϶ǲڻ£һլԺ㣬ҲΪǷǳϣܹˮڿɽ
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ֳߵ˵ɹÿ˲˶õ͵ģϾԺŶΪλ֪һǲɵģҲһ㣬ΪԺľ񡣡
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ЩƷԺʿһ
ﶼ൱񶯲н̫ˬˣ
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룬ĿҪһЩ
С磬С磡
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ա翴Ŷ£һˡ
͵һ졣
ײʱһ

նһһۣϸһǳ򵥵ģ϶ľͷãλӣĲͭ͸ģһЩƣǰһͭ¯ֱûгһףͭףܸˣǰʻ̾һѱٿǰ֡
ִӳ˷ܵС磬⳵զ
ЦУǽҲǡ
⣡⣡൱⣡ֵ춼ϲ£ˡ
СƳûܵĿ죬ôЩ޷⡣
ʵֵһۿ뵽ľһֱ׿ɲڳǾݣݵĿľ˿̶ô˳ۡ
ֳǮˣݾ׵
̾һҪչΪ˭ܹܶĿǰܹ¢ϣΪͶ˺ܶǮֺã˼ҶϾΪԪҡЩ̶û漰һУҪǵ֮Ǻܶ˾ͻŲ룬ʼվò̫գŪļҵĽˮҲ˫ǴǼҽˮҵǳϣü¢ϣǿ¢ϵģǷǳ
ݲƵĴӳǷܵǶ˵ͷԼĵλ˲٣˼ҲνǵȻͲ̧֡
ռһҪı飬ǿЦãҲ֪ÿڣʵ㲻⳵ȥɣ
ȻǣĳҪǳߵġֵֻ뿴ǷĿУҴܺúθĽ⳵ܹͶʹãҶѾЩüĿˡ
յ˵
һĵĿݣܣ˵ɡ
˵ˡ
У˵
ֻȻ⣬УǱӶҪһЩ޲ø˯һ𣬵ǷؼӣľֳزУڹ¯ƣ㿴ôСͭ¯ѾƵǾľͷɾͭ¯û̫ܵ죬ҪǶû죬˼ҲҾ˵ӣҲǳ޳ɡ
յͷһ뷨óô
ȥԪҡżʿӦǿĳĳֶܹŪΪʲôŪ
˵һ̾С磬治ұ˵˼һԪҵұ߯ҲˣԺḶ̌ҪŪĻҿ϶ܹϡ
Ժ㻹ǻϵƤЦⲻЦȥŪû˵׼
Ƶûм
ЦǣԪҵһּԺģǵұԼģȥҪ
Ҳ˵˵ѡڨڨһЦֵһ⣬Ǿ·˵Ŀǰĵ·̫Ҷ붼·־͸ݽȥҲǲеģˮ·ĻҲ˵ûжˮ·еĻ̫춼ܻὫ·ѹҲľӣ뵽һ취ǷרŹߵ·
רŵ·
ѽֵĳ죬ɶõģҪǽҶǵȻҲŪרŵ찡
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Ŷһˣȥ˺Ļ˼ҪˣӵмȻͶʣȨ
ЦʲôС簡۱ϵ磬ϽתƻС磬֪ǳµרôǷǳȤ
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ﳵ
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һĵùֲ׼ѼǣҵĳȹǳҪ׼ȷĶ࣬ģһĿȻ
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ּѽȻô뵽רģǵĳһרװãûһ·־ͻһ£м·һ۾֪ȥʲôġҾùļﳵӦ̭ˣԹǳеĳ
İյǲһأ
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ۿ̣
ղ
ͻȻҪûµĻȻȥ˯ˣ

ͬʱðһͷ亹


2020 С
ȻĿǰһжʵ鵱УӦûЩ룬Ҳܲõ⣬лҪǳɱ⣬˵ǳˮɱҪСúô˵Ȼѡķʽȷʵ˴޵룬һģҲֻЩ޵룬ÿƼֹ
նԴҲ൱ڴͬʱҲ൱οѧѾģڳģǰգǶ˶רУȥһҵᵽ
йʷûзҵûһϵġ
¬ҩ̣
ǹϲ¬ຣ
ո¬ҩ̵ĺԺ¬ʦԹֵ
¬ʦһ㶣Ц⻰ҿɵû
仰ɲܵû˵ֵϲ¬Ӽ뵱ΰҩƷзҡ
¬ʦԵΰ󣿡
յͷΪѾзһҩѵΰô
¬ʦԵҩǾˣ̸ΰ񣬲ôһ˵Ƿǳڴ֪ҺʱԼ룿
Ҫְ֪ΪȻ֪ʲôźգΪմ̫ľϲ⡰աֵ֣
յڴ֮ǰҵ͸¶һЩϢ㣬Լ̸ˡ
¬ʦԵ˵
յĺ飬ӦҲ˵֣쳤
¬ʦգüͷ
Цŵͷ
˵ģʲôˡ¬ʦ˵÷ǳֱӣҲĨǡ
յǰҲʲôˣɹƭҲɹⲢܴ¾עһõˣҲΪ棬¬ңҲøһ֮ȻҾÿ˶ӦһĹµĻᣬΪ˭ҲûԼĳ
¬ʦԵͷ֮Ըڸġ
˵꣬ձҲұ֤Ը˱仯Ͼôϰ˵ӾӵģһĳзҩƷҲû˼ȥЩ͵Ĺ⣬˵Ҳϣһԭϣܹҽ츳굽ȥͲЩеûģ֮ԶôģΪѵһҽţܹǳĹס
¬ʦ˼ĵͷ
յһʦΪѧһ£ϴʽѵڽϳңõʦͿˡѧ
¬ʦԺǺЦ˼ףһԼƢѵһţҲġ
Ц׾òˣ
ϣ¬ʦܹ쳤һʲôνҽ뻹ҪҽµģһжڴػػˣԺûƣҲϣ¬ʦԶͽ쳤ùѪͷʵ쳤ͦǿģ¬ʦͣʵ䷴
֪ģ˳κ¶ǩԼ֤˫档յзڳǮɹȻҲӦңڴ֮ǰұҪһ㣬ʵҵһмñܣΪǲģҵģзһҩƷҲҵģɹ֮һӦĹɷݣ쳤ռɣռɣռɣҽŵҩ̳ۡ
¬ʦԵͷȻģϣҩȡóɹҪ̫󣬱ϾҩҪ˵ģ׬ǮģȻ˵Ҳܶԣ׬Ǯܹӽ̫ˣҲ׬˶Ǯ
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ЦҲȱǮֻҪ֤׬ǮͿˣʵҲ¬ʦԣҪ˵ĻҶԼȥ֤ǱǶҳϵˣҲŸ漰еļ
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մӹİóһԼǩһԼǾȥʵǱ߿
¬ʦϸ˿˵òֻ࣬ҪϸºϽһЩ֮ǩԼ֡
󣬺ձ¬ʦȥʵң¬ʦԶԴѾȲ
ʵң쳤֪¬ʦԻȻﲻԸ⣬Ҳûа취ڴ˹еһ¬ʦԹֵ¬ӡ
ңҡ
¬ʦԻؾһֵŴʧʧ
쳤ЦڻӦš
¬ʦԶ룬ͷؼ棬ȴ˾ηԼҲԼһ
һ죬˵ɡ
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¬ʦȻϸɾ·Žʵ棬¬ʦԸһžĿ࣬С뱲ҽҲҩδҩƷʵң޷ġ
Ц֪¬Ӷʵҿɻ⣿
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վɵɵһԣģúһԼѾȫˣҲϲ¬ӣǡģȸˣ»ʱһݴ񡣡
Ŷߡ
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Ҳûˣ˵ⷢùĶԱɸɫ
ѽ㿴⣬⡣
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ʱҲûҵԭ򣬵öĻ˵϶ĳʷ˽ϻ߷ķӦ

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ø
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šմӸǱ߹
Ԫ޵ͷ
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ԪһԴ֮󣬴Ҷõ󣬾˵ҲȱұҪǺ
յͷֵԪޣΪһˣԶ沨Ӧñ죬ΪӾôôҲֲ١Ŀⶼڸҵ棬ǾӦýĿũҵ档ϽƻڿǷյʱӦսǡ
ԪƺЩ̫ףø˼ǣ
յϽӴԪݡݵũҵԶǣʳǸûʳʲôǿ̸Ŀǰ˭ո˭δ˭ʳ˭Զ
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ü
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ЦֻǿɽһǶѡĵҲǲµǳΣĿģܲµһС
дƽǱ߸㷢չյȷĲ١
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Ц͸Ҳûʲôϲԡ
ԪղˬĵһۣܵøңʲôʱǸͷ
յҲ̫꣬á
Ԫյأ
£Զһ塣



2021 ͵ø
Щǡ
磬磬ϢĺϢ
Ϥ䣬鼤Ϥ
ϤʵʲôϢ
ҸոյõϢߵ˳ơ
ϤԣٿȻϲ˻棿
ڲǰѾѹȥˣһҲŴ¶ѡ
Ϥһ㶣һɻʲôϢ£ֻƤëû˵ҿɼƾʵǷǳǿģǲɴⰡ
Ц֪Ϊʲô˳Ҫ췴ô
ϤʵΪʲô
Ϊˡ
ˣ
̽Լ֪Ϥ
Ϥԣɻʲôϵ
ЦѹȥǵȷûйϵҪ׷ԴĻɾǵļƻкܴĹϵˡ
ϤգգۣȻ˼˵
ѵ粻ǵôӦǺǵдһսǵļƻвɹĵ꼤ĵͷһһҪһٴݻٴƣެҪͳԭһҪפԭΪԭˡ


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ЦľǣҲҲչ˵İװô
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ЦֳҸѩС޲£÷
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˰СֻΣ̫ҴˣҲһҵ³һЩ޶۵ˣúúõġ죬ˣܻбǿģٽƻĺ꣬ϻҲֻܳΪ֮ʳǱԸıģһˣٻҲȥҾѩܵκίԡ
յϷ˿Сˡ
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Ϸ˺ǺЦüֵһͣѾ㣬Ҳ̫ࡣ˵̾˿ΨǷĲҰ̫Ӵڼε̫ҵŮҵĵλҲˮǴߣǼӡֶǳˡȴԴ˸е簡
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ԣ룬Ϸƽʱɽ¶ˮ벻ܹоƿ͸
帮ǵ̨֮ټʱԼǰڳнԼڲ£ôΨݣܹͻһ㣬ҡҡЩĹϵٽԼ
ʱԼ׼˽½Ӽ󳼣ҿԲ㲻ܲ׼һңҲܲ׼ҼԼˣҾңǰңԺգĿǰǳ֮ĵһ壬ΪϾҪΪ̫һ뵱ϵ
м˶ڳΪ٣嶼
ԸյӣͲŮˣŵģ϶ҪͷģȻȽѣأԲġ
յȻһ㣬Ҳ뵽һ㣬һȨôǿҵŮˣȾҪ뵽һ㣬Ȼܹܣ֤ںֻû뵽Ϸ˾Ȼһ㡣
ϷбĿ˺һۣ΢΢һЦּ˵ǡǡҲΪĵģǰӦҲ߶ҷȻΪ࣬Ǳٳ裬أǫʿӲ˽񣬾Ǻ¾ЩУȥ֮Ҳһֱʱʱ̸̿Ǽӣ׼ڳɣҲҪ̰ͼ÷֮¾УҲںĹ٣Ҳں˼˵ҶûгϢЩʱͿܹǡƣѷԿƵסλʺҰĿǲСŷǳܵĹϵնҲնϣгһὫҴٲ֮ء
˵Ŀźգֵգϣгһգˣܹһ
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ǣһ㶼ǻʵ۵ǻŴµģֻ̫ӳɻ飬Ȼ£ɼǶôϲ롣
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أķǳмա
ʵҲһֱΪղǵϴÿ԰ݷϴ󣬻ʵʵء
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ŴǱѾˣеķǳ˳Ǻǣ׻ȼװҪȫǷ٣ҳǵλǶ׷׾ܾҪֻһˣϣ͢ڵؽءЩһȪǲȴӸУµ˸࣬ǿĽ֣˳Ʊʾתˣ輼֤ǹϱڸӸԣǵȻҲԸ⡣
Цʲôûлٹ㲻˼Һô˼һӦôǻɳרԱóףûô
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뵱޼λʱдڣµﳤ޼ɡ
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ⷴóд󳼶ֺ֧ռȥ


2022 ҵ
ȥ
ڴնԣǲֵļڣǽĴڲ˶ԣȷʵջļڡ
һСú棬վһȺˣЩųಲúŻĸ̡
վһҵĴܸǰ۶գĿǸܸذڶţųִ֣һľתתţתһѱŰѱҡϵˮһ빵
Ȼˮ󣬵ҹͣĳˮҲò˶ãˮܹɡ
Ǳֱܡ
˭֪ˮΪʲôܹô
˵ԺµķˮãѾררѾżȥˡ
ȥʺС硣
ЩˣȥǱߣѰա
С磬ˮԺģ
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Ϊʲôһһ£ˮͻأ
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Щ˷׷׵ͷҲǳƵĿźգʣⲻ˵ƨô
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ͳҲǷǳϲɽˮŷˮҪˮҪܵ˼Ҽ֮ȥˣ˼ҿܻƴġ
ԪҾ͸˵ǳ̬ģΪԪǰ԰ƵġǹףʵҲ˼Ӱ죬ˣΪȣЩҪ˼ɵģԸٶһЩǮЩ
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պǺЦҵȻҪҷˣ𣿡
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ˣ

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ʵװȻҲƷǹ̫ͼһ㣬ֲԸеūװǳͨûƷĴ̼УװһЩ
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ƾʲô
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û˵һֱôԴ̫Ӵ֮һֱãε漰ѣ˵Ϊѣܹ𣿡
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ͻȻһĨЦ⣬ƫͷԼĺգҲǡǡҺĵطҵڼǿȴԼڳеĵλͲҷô
Ŀģڼ䣬ȷڳнԼǾҷǳѸ٣Ϊҵ˱ǹԱָſٶǷǳģҲôϣƽ⣬ȻҪźԼĵơ
֪ղעЩԼڳ͢ĴڸУ⼸ǲûĻ涼٣Ϊպȥá
ͻȻ֣סǰ⻬֣ȻǣԼߣֱһڣһЦǲд֮ôҸҪ
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˵꣬ձƽʱһǰһ֮ĹϵƽȣѵͲ׼һôӦƽȵѽ
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㶼ΪԺգ㻹ô棬Ҳ˵Ҫøġ
Ů˰
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ŵҵĸоǲġ
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һӨ׵գͬǻõ壬͸ˣҪšˮˣΪȷʵûա
һʼǱԹ̫ˣ㵽ʱˣҲûһ취ֺ̫ûаȫУϾغǰӣ˭˭Թ첻ҵԼһʲôıơ
ףǺ̫ƻܺǿеܵǣҲֻԺյʱŻôȱţΪںǰһͷһȭȷʵ˺ü꣬ŽǳΣ
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ЦԭڱԹҲ㡣
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ݡ
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ЦѾ˵飬ƻһɵģ㲻һͳԳӣǺѵġ
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ʵԼòζǺŵģҪȻԼҲ˼Ҫսᴲ֮ˣؼûᣬһĲ죬ǵûȤʱ򣬵ΪŮʣôܸԸյϷ
չһЦɫ˵û붼ȥ룬˵úã磬ӢڣԣҾᵱӢ۵ģҸԼĶ壬һСˡ
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ջһĹе¡ѩԪĵź򡢺٤̤

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Сһָ
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Ƶ㲻ң
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üͷ
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յͷͷԼ޶룬еӿǵͷˣ


2025 Ϸ
Ԫұ԰
ллأСӻǵң
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̾Ҳ֪ߣȥǱߣɱ̫󣬳͢ټϣǱ߶ûЦԭǴһȥ취񣬵û뵽⵹һᣬһῼһλὫ˰ҵ

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¬ʦԵͷ̱˷ܵ˵öǷݴ񣬿ǰǴæ㵱˵úܶԣҩУźܶණǶԲûõģкҲΪʲôͬҩͬĲͬ˵ĻЧǲһҸоξȷĽҩеЧĳɷʹ䴿ȸߣĻҩЧá
˵ʵ飬˵¬ʦԣϲɫïɼȷʵҽȶԹٵǸӸȤˡ
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¬ҩ̧̣ͷ죬Цð
Ҫ֪¬ʦԣ͵һʱ


2026 һԴ
گ֮ңûӰ쵽İգһ㶼ûУΪնڹҵʵǿǰţگ֮أԹûҹԭԭҲûʲôҵӲռݽͨҪ壬ͻɣֻ෹һЩ̸ʶѡ
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2027 
Ϣ֮󣬳տɾûɲǲ෹̸ʣΪ¹Ȼ̫һ㣬ǹУݿ϶ûóȫҪֹͣ⣬ެ֮»ʱǷǳĲͬڶң֮⣬ǲĿģĲݡ
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շŰ۵˵Ԫܷе־˵Ǵƽ̨СģսۣҷôǾͿ԰ƽ
ԪһڣģС
յʱڣȻǲСǷŵڵĻҴƹǾСģٵһᣬƽ̨ڹ֮У԰꣬ú塣
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ҽ̫֮ӣѵͷ֪µġĴңʱҴĿܻһҹ֮Ǵʱ˿̣һҪ⸱ص

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2028 ҳϣҲ
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ЦȻȫӦսֻҪסôǾôдģȻĹһԶ·ǰ棬ôǶǴġ
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Ӵ޼ҳ֮󣬸ճ֣һ죬üҽ
ɫһĽƿһһ°ۣŴֻļūǱףҪֲˣܱߣԼˡ̧ͷǰλ壬壬ܸܲңϻмĸ֣ҪȥǶɱˡ
ԪտúգͻȻһڣСһһӥĿУѵõ͸־֮ɫҲ֪֪û˭ӿ¡


2029 ҵļƻϽ
ڡ
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ȮǿԪУԻỳԼǲϹˡ
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Цʱδ졣
Ԫյ˵ʲôʱʱ죿
ղեһս󡣡
޷⣬޷
ԪǴľĿźա
ֵԪҪң⡭ҿɲ뽫ЩõϣϾԪĵĴ簡
Ԫһæģ¹Ҷ϶˱ᣬԶˮˮ㡭ħ
պǺЦ
Ԫձ֮󣬺ȻãҿԪգһɱ֣ǿɾûԩȥϽȥСҰϣֵܶ͵͵ȥгһ٣Ϊʲô˵͵͵أΪ˼ҶûθڳԷ
ȵҹ֮󣬺ַǳԾȥլԺ
ʱ֡
飡
ſٶǱ߿ġ
ϢĺգʱһŶûУΪɱֲѡַʽŵġ
һλŭݵĹ󸾴˽
˭
ĿգЦһ㻹Ծ
ָָԼ⼸ȭҽտ϶кܶ˵ġ
￴ǣһ㶣Ҳ˲Щҧгݵ񻹸˵ûƭңȫˣֻһӣĿҪһսگգHǴƽɱ˲ѪֶΣ߽ǵȨӶվެǱߣެһ𷴿Ҵƣǡǡ
ҲʺϵĴݺա
ɥǶڿ佱
֮ǰǲ̫ףײЧ棬ûʲôЧ棬Ҳ˲뵽϶йƣ벻һս棬ȫެǵȷʵûʲôϵֱ⣬ٴҲ벻վȻެԼֻзӲŸɵó
ʵҲˣվ͸Ͻ̷Ϣ꣬͸¶һЩϸڣҵǿɵĴݻЩĲƶȣЩɺȻԸⱻƳôһսǾ䰸ڲֱ߽⣬ЩɺǶܺ£ʴֻܱȡů
ެڴƵƣڴƵİΧ֮УƿȫλҲΪʲô»ϣռ찲ٱƾռ죬¿սʱƾǱ߽ǡ
Ϣԣֱʵ굱ʱ˵ˣǺ͸
Ȼʳںյļƻ֮УйⷽĿǣʳˣмı͵רĶԸʳ
һگգдʳͿԼеıƾսʵ»޲֮һֱΪһƣҰı»޴ö࣬Ҫȡþֲơ
ֱҡͷûƭ㰡
仰ɱ˵ĳ嶯ˣ
ġ
շǳ෴һǰҪȥġ뿴ǵļƻҪͨսһ㿴ЩȨ϶ǼƻеģǴʳ֮УǲҲֻҵԭƻǲΪӪһһȥǱԹûЧ¾ʹˣûɶоκЧ˵ƭ㣬ֻԸһһ£Ч˰ɣ㿪˰ɡ
޳ܰ
Ѫĳ嶯ˣҪǺռƻҲô滮ģңľԹϺĵð壬û漰Ȩ˾ͱԹƭıơ
غˣֱӻȥһѲˣȨǴֿɵãǣ©ͱҲ߯ˣŪùҶҪˣ˶Ҫ군
ؼ⻰Ӻ˵Ǽ˼£˵ͷŪ
ƴˣ
ֻԼˣת޿ֱ̣ӳȥ
ǰûʧܣһۣһѹ£侲һ㡣Ŷ
һ㣬ҧںյļϡ
ŮˣɿңҪˣ
鼱֮һϮأģĹģˣ̫ʹӦҲĹ·ֱѨȥ
ĿһһС
մҪٲɿҿɾͽʲô˳֮׵ȥˡ
ջɿſҡ
ҲջɿǿԵģٶֶš
ȵȥ
ǰɵѹúܵŭȥ
ż˰ɣȻҧˡ
üҿǷˣ֪ʲô𣿡
յͷȻ֪ƻоͲôŵô
ƻƻͿ϶˸顣
Ŀһɣɼ˵ݣƤЦһҲоǴͷɵüһ壬ƺһҲеţҲ˵аմӮһ̡
㲻Ƿϻô
յڸӣԼˣ㲻ΪȥެͨҪĻΪ»Źô
±ȹһҪҪսǾãɲóģƾʲôƽһУ
շǳ˵֪óģɲҪǣҳɴδʧܹ˵ʵľǴ̡
ﻹ治˵˵ľһԣȻûͣ˵кȡʤ֮
յⲻ㿼ǵģҪºܶ࣬˵Σ֮ġ
һˣȫףȲµһ㶼ûдͲҽ̤Ӳڳнôǿⳡսıҽһ̾Եò԰ֳΪΨһ
ȻΪأһɵȻҸˣҲôЦĵǲģͦעģϾЩ˹ؼʱܺںţʲôöûУ֮ⶼǼƻаŵģɼͷβҾûƭ㣬ԼƭԼ
ڼƻʵԣĲ粵ȻֻȥǣȷʵڼƻУĲˣʵļƻУǷŽ¸
ȻԸϣҲеִǾãһ̫ˣΪֻҪţǵļƻͲܹɹմȨģþģѾǳߵǺԶҡģֻһȱ㣬岻ãǷǳ׼ץס㡣
ûа취˭úһǧǰһ˵ʦĳһ˵ˣÿ˶ȱ㣬ҪľǣЩȱ㡣
ֶΣȫεĶ֣ҲĶ֣Щһ׼ԹסεĴȣȨʲôҲҪƸԼɱҾС˵ʵ彡Ļһտ϶ƾƣΡ
մһʼΨһε;Լ
ΪǿԼƻ𣿡
΢΢һ£ͷ˵µһֱܽǾûʲô£һı¶ҲδĶ֡⣬㲻ôɼ顣
ﵱȻҲ뵽ԼǳҲϺոƵļƻںյĿ־ټü֣꣬ԼཨûκãңϻػҪòңΪһ裬źգûκα仯
ֳΪΨһľǣң֮⣬κ˶ûаհƶɹѹء
һôߣĿһ̾ʵ
յ̫ף⸱صĹǿ϶Ÿ̫ӣƿش֡ǲ̫ԼΪǵļУҴվ±ϣʱΨлʺѵģԣĹԽôǸ̫Ӱ˵æΪÿ˶ǣΪˣмȵߣҡʱ򣬳񶼻ϣʺվʺҪľǣսףǵ££ܹܹѸȶƣܹ˵ģھδӮһ̣ҵʱ˵һеġ
ȻԭǰǿƶԴެʵǳȥģΪβ֮ԸģĺҲڲòϣЩ񽫻𵽷ǳҪãؼĹǵĳУͻȻǻһˣ֣
Ц˾ա
ͷ
յѵʺûп˾ճǰ״ôҪȥԭսΪ֧ŵ˶ã֪ͲȥĻҲ˶ãֻ˾ѡĹսҲһ׮ԸǾõĹޡ
üһ壬㻹㲻ģѵͲµ˴볤ô
ЦǺǵδҲСƾˣҾȻ˸ֲǾǷǳǿģܱ˲ݻ٣ǻôսĽɲֹ˾һˡ⣬Ҵƽôʹθٴ󣬾ƾǵˣҪһ£Ҳǲܵģսڻڱ˵ĵգҪյԭҪһЩʱյģʱҶѾźãһɷġֻҪʺվȶģͺðöࡣҲϣµ񣬻ʺҪңԼλҾͻվûʺվʺվһ¹ģΪҵǻܽȥô
üƫͷǴۿ϶ҲСɡ
ЦȡɣԼƽȵģȻҲҪ˫ӮĻƾʲôΪʺô¡
ЦһʵҲûѡ񡣡
չ˭ڹϣΣյĶľأ


2030 Ȱ
һѽ
ޣеˣںջ裬ÿ˶ڸ˾ְŬİմƽ̨
˷սҹͣ͵
·춼Ҫһ㣡
İջˣ
ˣսһ˵Ͷʶ᧿Σ˸ˣ⼸ǲϵͶʣһ¿ܶƲ
Ǯҡ
ǻӰɣ
ӣӣҪǳʧˣΪ»֮
ǹֵܼǿȥϺެǿҲ˺
ž
䣬Ǯ󷽾һƸ˹ȥûϢļһмҵԭҪûԭϺиƨáֱެ̫Ʋ

г
λλǻ۸ʲô
վڹ㳡ϣԼĺһެΣԼǿ벻̣ǿɲãҪƴˣ
Щˣ޸֮ƴ
ǻӲǮǾǮެʤ֮ʱҪеެˣū⳥ǵʧ
ƴˡ
ƴˣ
Щ¹׼Ƕˣʢǿɲ£Ϊ竹ӣҪ˵ĻһҲȥУΪǶ黹ǲУûдǵ·ҪǻججһӣԪһһܼӣҪǵȥϾƳ䣬佫λǳߵġ

Ľݸ
ƥ򣡡
дһȣ
ֻĹľĿǰλΪ࣬棬뷢԰׵ߡ
󽫾Ľݱڣ˼ګһͬܵصİȫ˵ֱһ㣬ǾǱʵ۵ġ
ĽݱָĹ࣬һ㼸֣ȴû뵽㾹Ȼ޳֮ˡ
Ĺ൱Ҳŭˣƾʲôô˵ҡ
ƾʲôĽݱںȵҪ㲻νµ¹Ȼ֮нգ
Ĺԣ̾˿Ϸ֮ϷҲûе֮ˣ¹Ϸ򶨵лĿǰѵͷĽݽΪء
Ϊأ
ĽݱںһҿԼΪȰɡ
˻Ӻ˵𣿡
Ҳ֪ѵͷȴ˹ңֻԼǰ̣ϣΣʱ򣬸̫ӣԼɻڴ
ˣ
ĹӶˣ޷ΪӦ̫ӣ𢣬Ϊ˳ӵı֡
ĽݱڵҪǹûأ̫Ҳֻ»ΪΪ˳ӵıôѵͲ֪̫ףΣ֮ʣ̫Ӿʴӱ̫ӵεΣҴƶɹѹأ޷Ǿǿ̫һ㣬ضΨǴӣ㻹˵û˽ģҲվӣƾǼ壬֪ͣҴҪǿɶˡҪԣѾʺִ֣ʱ˿̣Ψлʺܹ߳ʺ֮ԣнա
Ĺ౻Ǵľ
´ϹǶùѪͷǰǻƨƨߵȥΪ̫˵ϣҴʱ˿ܹŽ̫ӵߡ
ǲȥãһȥ佫ǣ޵öҧгݣܵެͣǵ¹Ȼ֮ǽģֳǻݣｲһףʵ۲У϶̫ӡ
ƨ
佫Ƕ֪̫ӵԸ޷еһУΪؼǣ̫ȨǾĹ˵㣬ﻹĹǡ
һжǻĴڡ
ﵱެĵ⣬ۣʱ佫֮ģ͸Ӳö˵ֱ˵棬ȫʵ֡
ңҪˣȫ꣬£佫Ҷ̫ӣҲغԼеһС
Ĺһ⣬ĺȡ
佫Ƿ׷࣬Ҫִ֣佫ĳҲ࣬Ҫ
ȻһŮˣ۶ǷǳǿӲʱ򣬴ҶͿֻܹƶɹѹء

ǣ»δת´ʱӦվʾԼľģެսף˳ܹġ
ϹǿĵȰ˵
ȻǼӵ̫ӵģǲܸı䣬Ƿ
Ϲǣɬϣ¶֮ɫ
ʱһ̫˽£
Ϲԣһ
ȴ롣
һͼ˽ֵ΢̫ӡ
񣡡æʾ⣬ʵ֪ˣΪ£г
Цġ
벻һ㶡
ֵ֪кۣܻ̫ܶӲģϣܹףǲǳŵģֻΪң˵ʲô¶Ӧ÷ϣʱӦŽһģӦڶ
ͷҲǡҡ֪ģ
յҵȻֵ֧µġ
Ϲһϲ
뾪ϲô
յͷֵ֧񣬲ҪҪǣ̫ģҴѾ±ϣ޿ˣвܾͻƼԣ̫оģĿԳеһУҿԴҴƶɹѹأҺձؽ׷棬˭ҷԣҺյһĲ
ϹԲϲϽʹɫҪкյ֧֣ͿܻתҪ֪Ǳ߻˼ګڡ
ȴ󺹣ȭͷţ˺һͻȻ˿Ϲǣ̾˿Ǹ롭޷е𡣡
Ĺԣ̾һ
ϹǻȡĹࡢ´Ѿʱ˵ֻɼ̫ȷʵûǿȥҲֻᵼ¶
治ܹ룬ΪողŻָһ㣬ûͻȻ͸ôصһӣҲ˵⣬ԼͺûģʾͲͨӣⷽһֱţ֮飬κһ˶ˣζȥԼԿǳԼճеһ¹ƼΪƵǧˣϣһУԼֲţƽʱֳؼһ̣ȴľ
ֻ꣬ڲֵʱһҪĿǣҪһ޷ܵľ֣ϣܹԼ˳ϣֶΣʵʱ˿һȣӦܿҲᲡ˵ġ֪֮ʣûе𣬸涼Уȴǵƾһ仰سһ
ԭ˵⻰ʱԼԽϣͷȥˣ⻰̧ͷһĿźա
յΪô˵ɼҪǹңҵİգƾһ㣬ѾʤһУҺĸλԼЩ󳼶һΪңΪǧǧİգԵǧҪ˶еӦΪԼľеԺźܹһΪҺͰ˴òңʹ²ִ֣ҲվΪƳһսǱͬЭÿ˹׶ƽȵģû˭˭С
ԣ¶΢ЦֻԼøɣԵͷ
ЭӹܴȨѾǲתġ
֪Ѷʱȴζӳ¡
ʱӦøе˲ǣһеһУںյļƻУÿһ÷ǳԨһߵȨ
Ϊؼǣȥ֮ûУǰʺգȥͲҹӲô
ѾĲ¡
Ϊûа취ƽһеģΨա
ңûȥֺգΪûж˵ѣƻУôλġ
жںη͸ˡ
һ㣬ǳȷǺûƭ쵼£Ӯһ̣ôʱҪ⵹ҲǷǳѵģֻߵһ
ʱ˿̣ҲĶ⣬ֻܼᶨںյļƻС


2031 ս
Ȱڡ仰һȳΪЦʵȷģڲȶҾͺŽһ¶⡣
βȺףҲ֪˭˵㡣
ҷǳڲܹͳһò˵󳼣նǳţܹվ߳
͹˵˵ʱӦ̬αƣʱαᱻ޷Ŵ󣬹ҿҪˣҪٲǾѡˣǿûʱš
̫ϡ
λߣġ
ֻųӴôһмǰӡ
ÿ󳼵϶Źͼ˵һŮȥð֮踡
ǴһʱһʱûںЩֻϣܹ߿һ㣬Ͻȥ
ϵ̨ףǲδվǰǰ棬һתĿɨŴǡ
ԭҪ²񣬿ɵһû£շЩΡ
ֻд
λ񡣡
̧ʾ⣬飬ظλҲҾͲ˵ˣЩǷǷǣѾûбҪȥ룬ΪԶ޷һֻ޽¡ҽҪ˵ķǳ򵥣սסһ̿ʼսֳεı仯κֻҪͣһɱ⣬սǽݣҽ̴ɱʹ˭õ˵ʹ̤ҾӪأǳκɣͳͳɱ⡣
ԣʱһףΪҵʰѾǵĵ˸̤һһУһ಻ѾҪˡǴֻһ·ǵĵսףΪԼΪصĴۣҪǵÿ˶Ѫ֮УҪⳡս˶ʹԶ޾ԨвţĻҴǾͣս֮һսֻҪôѪУҪôѪС
һеÿ󳼣ȾˣҪҲʵǳоŪһ㣬ߺţսף
һŮ˶ô¸ң˾
ңҲܹһףЩ¸ҪӣͲҪƷһ仰Ǹɡ
ձʿձͬʱģ˶ı⡭սס
ȫУء
潫ެʵҲˣެȫս˺Լֱļ̤ǵϣЩҷӣ侮ʯӿɶ
Ϊؼһ㣬Ϊζս
ձһ㣬˵÷ǳΪԼս
ެūᣬǴǸ߶ᣬҰյԽԽãԸߴƵͳ£ެͳ¡
ǻԡ̳ͥˣҲˡ
ƳǼȷŭֿ־壬Ϊ˭ެͳ֮£̫࣬˼һūᣬǶҪʱᣬҪˣǾˣΨһķսףǲΪ˶սΪԼս˶˽ģֻΪԼսŻȫԸ
ͬʱִجģHơ
HĿɺۿã龭ֲҲ׼óף˼Ҳһ˳򣬿ɺ϶治ȥңϽѣΪɺʵ۶һУںĻԼȨƨϵ
ⲻûŵԭգԭոߣԭվԼ⣬ȴõ񱨣ΪǴȥƸǸóףǼôãǾȻ侮ʯ
ҪʲôڵҲ࣬Ҳˡ
ǽ⣬ֻܱģǾЭǴӮЭ
ǻôȥ˾ս
齨ڸ
ĹǷǳԾ뿪ãֱӱȽҸȥȻͱǱҪ뿪Ϊǵ˼룬׼˵˼룬Ǿûʲô˵ġ
ҲûãȥҪأգ᳹͢ߣҪðջڿ־֮УάԭҪˣɾûˡ
ڸУһɫˣȫսɡ
ԺΪףСʽܡ֪šӡ֣Сִᡣ
Щ˵;˼ƽʱʱǻûʲôΪȻλȽϸߣǳ͢ǽűģĹҲûȫչԼֻΣ֮ʱǲܹԼĲܣܼ򵥣ⲻƲ
ϻΣ֮ʱҲˣҪûǳΣͲܽá
ʵԽֹۣǵøϽƣ֪λкν飿
ǲܲϣǶһս׼㣬ҹģԶǵ󣬲ĿǰҪĳıʳΨӵЩǲܹࡣ
ʵǵĴӦһս
ܣյܣһ󣬽ƾֿʳ˶ãǾͻɽˮݻĵ飬ʳƿũС
ʽܵĻֻܹ͢˰
ҡͷʱ˰ĻܻԭľҲʧأԹ˰õǶ
֣еͷҽɴ෢дȯ
ɣ
ҡҡͷȯãնڻҵǸóסģֻһƾ֤ҶʱһŷֽʱڣƷͶ뵽ս֮Уûлرģͻ֣ƷȱӵдĴȯдȯ͵ϴٰգʤˣԭҲִҵģȯԨҲûˣһǾԲߵģң͢մȯάȯֵ
֣оȵʲôգ
еծ

յ͢ԷսծùծһеĴȯôȯеʳһȶסԭľãܹȯġ
üһϻعծɶûл壬ַйծջԸ⹺𣿡
յ͢˰աǿȾ͸ǩԼǮ̶ã֤ÿ˰óǮծ֧ϢľƣջܵģΪˣҲˣֻų͢Ͼ͢ǽǮ֧Ϣҵ£ǽףӲǵģǻӦġ
ʵҪжٹծ
յĿǰҪǧĹծ
Դۣϻطһǧᣬ;ѹֱܴǧᣬҪ
ռޣʮ꣬ϢĻϻز࣬޲ͬ²
аգܹڶʮڻô
յֻҪծĻᣬҾаգΪֻҪһ̴Ӯǽõ˴ءԴǵ˰սɱӡ
ͷʵأ
յǰȫҵȫ͢ҲǷǳѵģǱ뼯ϴҵһսҿԽϺķʽһЩļȨȥļӣȻȥٸǼǣɹٸͳһ䡣ˣֹģսѾ޷֧ţǱҪзһеսʣȻ͢йծĴȯʡ


2032 ճ

գ
һǰû뵽ⳡսôԶ塣
֪ģ֪ȨιȵģʵٸԣҲǺ¥ؼû֣ȨͲʵۿʱǵһУˣɱ
ʵֻͨսܹõһУûеڶ·ʵ۲˵׵ĽȨ·ţȨԶʵҹؼǵʵ
ףǾ仰˼ⳡս⣬ǲԼԼǾ͵ø˴
⻰˵ѡڲ߽ĻǷǳģѡԼһ޳ܵλϣ֮ôѡ񣬾Ҫսս϶˸࣬ǰٷ֮һ٣սöԼˣƾôǿǳпģҲ㣬ҵĻǻңֻڸ⡣
Ҫ˵ձ޳ܰɣȷʵ޳ܣϸȥĻʵѡһʧС·Ϊһǧܲѡһĵ·ǲȡػزԣƻʵ˵ػߡ
ôһĻһų͢ծȯһŵλȻᷢʵĸı䡣
ǣ㻹ܲӦڻӯΪһֱڱóӯҲûǮÿô˰ûǮֻ͢⼸Ͷʣֽ裬άӵ޽·ž޴Ļرⳡսò˼꣬ȵ̫ԭƻڽһ̾ͻӯң͢дͭдȯֵֻͭʵ䷴
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ң̣͢ʱۣṹѾ仯ѾҪʱۣٶ̫̫أ̫٣޷ⳡսǿҪĻԭܻңķʽֱӻǮ򣬸Ѹ٣ܱҵµתԪҡżҡҡļңǵֻҪ΢ıһ£Ϳ
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ĬãŵлңԼȡġ
յĺµ⣬ƽȣڵõ˺ܶණȨôյȻҲҪЩϣҪһȻĻ㵽ʱжĥɱ¿Ǻֻܵ
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նδڣЩ˾ͿʼǺֻڴڵƶ£ܹĸãҪެˣ㲻ɱǣǵĲƸҲᱻߵģӵһƶȡ
ȵµǿڸղĿһɨ΢΢ЦǸʲôأ
ֻĪĿźա
յҪףҪӮһ̣һ㣬ԭǲҵģǽеһУȥ͢ȥ̣ԭô죿ǹô죿ǲҪô嶯òã侲һ㣬ֻҪŽһģûʲôǰڲƽģެһֵŲһɣҪôڶûз
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յûлΪЩûеڣڵĹծɶѾˣֵ͢Ƿǳߵġ
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һһⲻǧᣬǧᣬ˵ô赭дôܹóǧƵá
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ռ˵ǳ͢ƻĻԽ͵˰Ϊ׼Ҳ˵Ҳܹ֤ڻΪʲô͢ҪôǷҲ˵Ըⲻϧһдֳ֧͢ǳ͢ôģܼ򵥣ǳ͢Ҫ֤ԭңΣѵʱ̣͢Ҫ֤ÿ˵档
ĻǺҵҵģҲ˵ǵĴ⣬ǵĲԶԶϵΪȥǰߣóҲֹͣȥĻֽԱ˽ʧҵֱܻԭΣΨһܹǵĻңֻг͢պã͢ҲҪǵĻ
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ҲӦ
ҲӦ

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Һ˵̫ˣ򵽴ڿսгͻȻή˭ӦԲ㣬ǴĻȥҲֻ͢
һΨһķվǳ͢ǮҪǳ͢ˣҲˣҪ̫á
ûһ˾ܾҶԸΪ͢Ĺծǳŵծ
յͷȻҶӦôҲ˵͢ΪңǵȻӦң͢ոͨܿͻ䲼˵ǽῪеսʣзΪȽܿ쳯͢ͻṫߣȥͶ꣬ϾͻѡʵĶչ
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2033 ϴϴͰ
һ˶Ѿˣ
죬зļӡ
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ȻһжԸģκǿʣз϶ģΪ͢㲻׬е׬

Ԫң
ΪԪѾѮ뷢԰ףȴԽľȣҪ̬ãΪ⼸Ԫҷչ̫ã治һֱǳעرԼ塣
˵͢ӦзһܹļӣԪ𾪵ĿԪޡ
Ԫ޵ͷøô˵ģҳ͢Ͼͻ䲼
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ԪǺǵƸԪвƸٻϸ꣬ҲǻġǣеĲƸ˿Ըɶӻ֮⣬ʵҲûжãǮû纫ǰ㣬졣
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һǰһǰһһֿ϶
Ԫ֪룬ϣܹԳ͢ʱ򣬸ƽһЩԪΪʲôǰӲ漰񣬾Ǻ³ЩԱԪԪҵβˣչֹģҪβˣǾûʲô壬ǵ磬˵ɣ
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Ԫ޵ͷ֪ˣ
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Ԫ͵һʲô£
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Ԫյûûʲô󲮣ʲô£
Ԫ뽫ļӵ£𡣡
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ҡǡ֪ˣ֪ˣԪԴǻģĵļʲôˣȫѾѵˡ
Ϊʲô˰ŵҪ֪ǧΥģó֪͢ѵǧ϶췴Ԫǰʹ⣬Ūû˵ģһļȨһֱӽǧ˸ļǡ
ң֧ӾֱӿֶΣգΪֻļȨûбȨҪ鳯͢ͳһɣ˾ʳļӣ͢ȥ̡
ָͷ㡣



ǧᣬǧᡣ
ŴһĨźһ߶š
һǧᶼѾҪˣǧᣬֱ޷
յ㹻ûУֲǷǧᡣ
Ŵ󼤶ǹܲǻ
񻹸ôҵģҲŴ󣬺ðɣݡյǧǶԲǺܶ࣬Ҷ֪ҪǮÿһǮûڵϣͬʱҪע⣬ǲܽյĿţҪгʳʳȥǰߡãҪκβأǶˣ˵ǧᣬᣬҲǰ״ô
Ŵֱͷףס

ӻ֮󣬺ȥԺټ˾ƷԺʿ
ǴٵǶѾ֪ˣҾͲԴ˶˵ˣ
ĿһɨֵҪ˵ǣҪŽһģͬǿУʺԣսףЭΪҪЭĻʧȥĲǵƸɣ˵ÿ˶ȥսɱУΪףģǴе˾һŶӣһپ٣һҪ˾ְǴеʲôְλأ
˵˶٣ԺⳡսеҪǵ֪ʶǵǻۣȥıⳡս˭ܹʳ͵ǰߣǡ˭ܹΪȽǡ˭ܹĲ㣬ǡֻҪһ㣬սᷢı䡣ԣֵǴʵʱˡ
˵棬Ļȭͷ
𣡡
еľƷԺʿȾ۸ߺǴʱ˿̵Ƿǳȵģǧ֮ȥıսһĸоǰȫûָоұȽãһܹҾǿǵһǸ֪Լսʲôλ
ˣǾǵǻۣΪṩԴԴϵĶ

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յͷԣֻҪѩʽܣ̾еô򣡡
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ϲֱͷððԸȥա
΢΢һЦֵ£ɵԼ壬һרŰˣϢ²Υ
ֱͷ
̫˷ܣȻûųеһУҲϣΪһЩʲôס


2034 ȫһ
æµһĺգǾȵĻص˼һƣûУΪǰ꣬ҶæµʱȴϢʵҶԵЩƣȴԵþ档
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ڣŸո£±˵͢ļӣ
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֣ѹѹ֣ѵͷǵˣѶǰԡѪսûʸΪκһṩʵķ̣ҪȫԸΪǰߵսʿƤס¡졣ԣӽտʼǵһһߣҪڽʿǵϡ
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Ҳ֪͢϶СΪڴ̡

ĪСּţΪζԭ¹ȻĽ㴦ɫʳﶼںͷʵģСּߵĹģԽԽ󣬵ܵܺ
λͣͣͣͣ
һŰֺˣͣµԱֽһλӣλλСּŵĴˣҲǵĶܵܡ
ԱǵһؼܵܣףΪʲôҪСּš
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֣ܵǽС־Ϳˡ˵ţֵҽûб£ΪǴΣգڴ̣ǴƵĽʿǰԡѪսǣԣӽ̳Ӳ˶ǰߣϣƵÿʿԵñǶҪá
Ȼܹͦ߶ģûкֿĿڲţǾýʿڱǣʳӦøѽֻҪžͿˡ
ͷսڼǱܹ;䣬һζ
˵ǣĹͷսıϣǱؾ֮·˷ʳֱӿӹ
СּſǺڷǳҪҲǺܵԸϵԭ


2035 ùҲ˴
ܿ͢ͷеĹծȯ
Ϊ˵һصľ飬еľñȽϷأѾ˽лԪУһηбһηиӿ죬Ѹ١
ÿȯ͵صĽСԪУɹٸлԪиУ໥ල
ծһУˡũ̴Ĺ
ûжѡ񣬷˭ҲެͳεУֳ֧͢ҲǸެ׼ġǳôȯ֮⣬òֿĻȥһծЩҲȥˣҲţͻȥծȯ
˹򣬾Ҳծȯǰն붼ôȯΪһ̣ȯͲ̫ȣն̫ȯֽծԾҪӿһЩһϢϢȽҪ߶ˡ
һгеĽʵҲͲûɷǳֲͨ͡
ҹҹͳŴȯյջͦµģΪǰĿǰģڲģһҪ֤ԭгֶң̫ҲУ̫ҲУȯҲǲеģ÷ųһЩ
ôǮˣ
ǮֱŹծȥ֮ǩƤס¡ޱĶĳǩĶңǩӵĶżҡԪҡңǩСּǩʳӹĶָɽšмţǩĶԼ˼šＯǩ˴ֻĶ
ԭʱ˻ʲôҪô·Ҫôȿ˭ܹùϴ󲿷ҵҪɣĻ̻̣ʲôЩҪΣģ͢Ķ֮ǲûвˡգڼӰӵԵЩ̫
ҲǴõΪЩ˵ͷβԼĻҪܶܶǮܶԭ϶СӦģļҵĽȻ͢ûиǩǸڸǩɼƳѾǳƣʲôԹõҪԼȥ
Ȼǳ͢ݵҲǩܶĶĶȻʳ
ųʳΪѾǳ죬Ͻ϶Ƕټϳ͢˽л֮ũ˺ܶĻǿۺĲټϸ߾һսԼΣıϴūҪͨտľͷǳѣǵӡ˰ũԣʵν˰ķպѾȫԵȣ⣬ԪݡݵʳҲȵݵȵء
չɡع͸ЩũǣǱĽʿǰ涥סҪ֧ǵĻʧܣ⸲֮ѣ군ľǡ
ҲǣڻֻǽȥһǸǶһһʽףһϢģȻƷԣʱۿ϶ǣֻҪԸ⣬ǿԷƵģǣϢ̫ˣձѾõǣҲǷǳλҲŵˣҪЩҰҪפԭ̫ˣǳ꣬ҪĲƻǲȥ
ңóеգնǵġ
ͬʱｫдĹŮ̫ȫͷųȥʲôܲڹš
еȥúæΪѾҪô˱Ҳˡ
Ǵܵͣˣȥúһ棬ΪǴ
ڷ⽨ᣬʵǷǳģﻹлҵģ̫ӶǼͣվһָȾǺǿġ
ҴͷЩҲ׷׼ԼҵȥһߣҽԼóʹá
Ǻܶ壬һ̣ȫڰ͢
ΪͲ˵ƥ𡱣ǡ𡱣Ȼһֱ·ǻһʹУڶһ£ǣǹŽУ֮ĶԹԹʱ˵
ǺǿҵĹʶǲԼͷųԼҲͦǰһЩʿʿڴƽˣҲ׷׳ɽæ
ҡͷվͱøģܵؿһܵˣǻҡôֵǮǶ£ʲô
Ŵճִһ㶼ǻҡܣǲŸܡ
ԭһУûŵκεˣݴϢͻȻԳܽݡ
һֱıΪư棬¾ܹˣǼûҰĵһˣȥͳһټãHڷ֮ǰȥͨ͸ǱެաʳگѾɷˣʱʱ
ȵHݺѱ䣬ڱͱһӡ
ϢûŵԭգѾľܶնΪǱˣ֪ԭڲſʼҡԭնǴĿެ֮󣬵ެڳе˾ȫץˣȫڿúʲôĶӣǽǻū
ˣҲû˭˵ҪҲץ
ˣ޴½ȼգյߡ
ֹģսǰδУһ㶼ԭȻ죬Ϲմˣû˵ԭڲûңȴһǿķˣǵڴ̣Ψԭڲûսگɲԭȥ֮ʱҲֹǽء
ʵⶼǷƣǷ̣ƻϾͻʺǶǿģǵĿɺûк³ģͳͳ˵嶼˴룬̫ףϾ淨̫߶һ㣬ǺԼԼƻȫǣټʵǰڲ͸ֻܷǵǿɲȵڲʼѣȻٷ
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󽫾зѾͻҾߣݷ
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󽫾ǾҹȥҾḹܵУ롣
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ƾʵһǿ󣬵̫࣬ս̫죬ƾÿս϶ǲִӦսûУڴ򣬶֪Լߵжٱ˵ж
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ƃ÷ǳģûжٱΪʱֻȥެû뵽ϼһƣûмġ
Ҫ֪ƻ֪ܹϵõ־棬һߴ򣬾һߴܱߵһģһʱûγսʳҲһ⣬Ϊ֪ԼжٱҲ֪ҪʳʳԶ
ƾԼǿľ²ܣҵóʵǽҽΪҪź󷽡
ؼǱϵ̫ԭ֮һ÷յĽ̫ԭвֱ̫ӿԹ̫ԭ̫ԭǲ̫ܶԭҪԭɾΣգ٩ҲóȻͬʱ˵ֵHĽǲ߾Ԯġ
ƵƃֻҲĴǣԭЩ̶ͥݣѾȫ˵ȥˣ˵ˣְҵˣǲγս֯ǡ
ʵأǸտʼҲˣˣοЩˣֻˣһƃסͥݣǾʱݡ
ݡ
磬ô˵
ӵĸ̶Ŀأҡ
أҽһݣСѾȷ˵ˣ͢ǾǴ򵽵ף˲սݣСֻסߣȻͻƵŹأֻҪסС絽ʱƵ֮ߡ
һ˾ϲ˻棿
أҵͷС˵úֻҪǳŹһڼ䣬ȵ֮а취ȥˣ⣬С绹ǳŵǲҪ⣬еʳȫԭṩܿ죬ԭԴԴϵʳͻ˵
˹Ƶȥ˭
ʵûңܱ߶ˣ֯Ҳ֪ȥ˭ҪֻһˣǾͺ˵ˡ
أҵС˼ǣԱȫȥ֧Ԯƃȫ֧¹Ȼ룬ȫȥ֧Ԯм󡣡
˵ͻȻվλҲκһɥҲƵͶ·ެʲôˣǶģǾһȺɽˮеҰˣǾǵĲƸŮ˵ģǲǵūֻܸƴס
Щһ̾һߵͷ
ʵ治̣Ϊڷչ̫ãһж٣һ̣ҪͷϻҲˣ·һֻ֮Уᰡ
ͻȻλȱ̾СѾ˵ˣֻҪսʤ֮ڣǾܹڸӸԣ
ãһ˵ˣ겢Ǻܳ
ʱƃţǵİæ
ļǰ֧ԮǷǳѸ٣Ϊͥݡݶ붼ǵˣµԱзǳǿսãǱҺܶ˿ֱϻǾѾһأĽš


2036 ȼյ
Ҷ
ݴ̽ϢԼĪ
мµĴԣһۡ
ΪֻпǧǲһЩǻһȥ֧ԮڰСɣǸҪɲܶެռֱв
ʳϾԶм仹»Ȩȡᣬʱ˵СɻǸҪһЩ
мǷǳ侲˼Σȥ»ɢϢǧԮϸϵ

һŵթǱͲ˵һɣʱӦüԻˣôʵ֪أ
мЦıҪסҲǷǳѵģõ֪ҾֻǧȻ⣬뵽ҾǧǵģˣҪʾУȻͻȻϮΨһȡʤ֮·


ݣ
ʷܽǱߴϢǿҪסˣϣʷϽɱȥ֧Ԯǣ

ʹ˫Ŀð벻Ҵơ
һλʷǵǰHսûԵȥܽݣֻܷܽݣܽݵıǷغ󷽣ҾܵС
ʹΣһΪյɺ½ˮʦˣĻҾᱻ޺衣
ެաHҲôǱޡ˴ʹľ÷ǳһ衣


ǴҲƾΪҪսǿǱƾ
ӿս񣬻ûдӮһ̣ެ˷ǽڽڰˣѾȫຣƾຣǰհǿסǴķߣƴ룬󳷵ĻҪôսҪôؼңΪຣտصġ
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ཫҲ׷Ҫ󣬸ެԹԹƾ
ԵͷͻȻһͷˣ֪սкν飿
նʵնҪѾѮ뷢԰ףûһڷն⼸һֱݾݿóģҪʲôУûôෳ£巴ǷǳӲʡ
ཫ춼һĵĿն
նݾȽ¹ȻģزԾնµģһζķأأڻ뿪ʲôҪأެռ죬ֱӽƾڴǴ֮Ҳû취̿չƣնҲûƴķأһߴһˡ
նɫΪ֮ɫԿ˿λ죬ЩĽǼԺգԥðΣŵһΪԷΪһߡ
ʵΪΣ
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Գʷǽսҽڣôŵġ
նԼǳĬΪãҳʮ걻Щ彫ѹţƽʱͲ̫Ҷ죬ȻְҲϰߡ
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Ƕ˵úеΪƾʤ࣬Ҷǳ;Ϯػعû˸˵ѦʹǲܴӮެնҲô˵ն˵Ҳûд
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˧ˣǰ˧ʲôʱѡֹԡ
ɲôǴκεˣ˧ǳнģؼʱ򣬾ȻѡôһΨһΪʤĻᶼʧȥˡ

Ҷľܹ⣬ΪҲһн˧ǷأҲΪ׼ս˼Уû˵һζķأҲķ
ʱԳͻȻնԣս׻ѡ
ն̾˿˵ʵϷҲެȥһսϷûбʤİգУȴ˵ֻҪסȵˣܹӮһսбʤİգûУֻ⣬ɴδʧԹ
ԳԵ˵ͷ
ʱһʿͻȻ˹⣬ǵެʹǰ
ʷˣѵʺôҪսף̽ȫɱ˭ǽֻƬ̾á

ȵǶ֮оֻʣ
Ҳܲ⣬С磬ΪʲôҪնĽ飿
ͷ
ֺ磬磡
ͻȻЩԾæǰһӾϵϽһѱסֻȫǺڴڵĴ׼ʱһץס䣬ҾʿѾǳ䣬֪ҵ롣
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˵Ŀһ̾۽˸⣬ʱ򣬾ͱܵԭ֧ŲȥǶ˶ԣǷǳ̵ģΪһսڴѾõģǽǰȴûȥɣֵϽдȥú˴ҡ
ȵգ
ͷȻᣬҲǾ˳ǳ֮⣬Ψкܹ·ͳ˧ŷһΪͳ˧ҲǺġƹźڣ·ӣЩ󽫾˭Ҳ˭ȥǱض໥ģ룬úǷȥģʱҾ±ضҪŽһģܹսʤˡ

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ˣȻѡսߣʧ
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ЦҵȻ֪ҹȥȰʵȥǵģǳǾսҪ֪ǵĿĿɲ¹Ȼ룬ҪפԭǲӦ˷̫ʱգһҪռƾ
䣬һ˱˽󽫾ɳȥȫƾǰ
꾪ȵʲô
˵õսնʹ֮ȥأ
ƾ˼ǳԣǲǴ򵽵ף޳ܣҲȲ˼ҡ


2037 ׳ʿϷ
ͷ
ҡСôʳ
Ŵһ۶ͷĴֻ˻ص⳵𾪲ѡ
һԱɣʵﻹС棬ǳĺӵôݵĹģüӵȫǴֿǰȫ⳵¿
ŴЩʳǴģ
ǹԱشǴӸزֿģΪǻֻŹٸֿݣкֿܶⶼˡũģǻδͳƳ
Ŵһڡ

ĴƵ۹жôǿ
˵ģƵİնֻ֪ͷɻŬ׬ǮȡõǶԴѾ⣬Ҫ֪ǰȡûƽ̨ȡżĶһֻҪ沢Ǿǳɹ
ȻʵǴƵ۹ԶȴеҪǿĶֻ࣬һƥеţٿҲô죬㲻ƾٶȣжƥӣñȥܹ֪ܹܶ顣
ʱ˿̵Ĵƾֱ˳״̬
Ҫ֪ھŴֹҵĹС
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ƽʱ£Ҿͻÿǳɱг󣬷գȵȡ
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ΪҵĲƸԽԽ࣬ͲԸڵȥðգ̤ǰߣһǰԨأ
ȫһҪȥЩ⣬ֻҪֱǰûκ·Ͷˡ
ⳡսĵ·Ǹ˴һ߻
ԭմҵ뷨ٻܹ꣬ڳռڻҶ֪ռΪڴ̣ǿ϶ģĵǾ޴ģôͱģݶԲʵ飬Ժȷȫǰ£ҾһӦţһ߸Ľ
ʲôúȿûȥЩ⡣
Ϊͳͳǳ͢򵥣ɱһʵҲνԼǮȥϢĹծȻ͢ŹծǮƷǵӵģͼģɱһҲνҲԽ࣬Ǿ׬Խࡣ
⣬ʹͷųҶڿ󣬰͢úҲͳͳղ׼úȡů
ǱҲúԭǸɽķݣҲȫ
úڱУ㹻Դȥ
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ԺľƷԺʿȫ߲ݣڰװԼװ
ԪҵúѾʼڳŲ䣬Ҫ̫ƽʢʱ֪ҪǶ꣬ڵĻҲҪЩҪľЧʺͲûҲνֱӡߣҲõҪö֮࣬ҪϽú˵ȥ
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ΪԭóģǿԼǳḻʴΪݾһתվƥӡա¿϶ģǱûкӵȫ½䣬ǵҿʼӪϣ׬ȡ󣬵¸Ͷ뵽ҵϿʼŻһлṩʱֿԶģȫǰߣΪһͬʱĻԴԴϵݣΪǱ߲ս߳ɵʶǱߡ
ڳһ·ϣȥȫ¿գػأҹͣ
Ȼ˴ģĵȣһжǾȻⶼǳ٣ĳӣ̸䣬֡
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ȻƳţҵҲǷǳɭϵģ˶ŵȣ˭Ҫ񷨣ǾǷ˵ûô򵥡ƳټһңҪзǳϸƶȹ⵼°ƽʱͺعأʲôܣһ㳬ǹĳ¹ûܻд鷳һ㣬վѾϰߣʲô¶ðչ
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վֻ΢ͭװɲӣȴϲ˧˲٣׻̷ȴǳأڱ׳
ΪܱվŲˣСһɴ󳼶ڣķ˶ŮǣΪպչ˧
µһ߾ұۣˣһ׳ʿƵһشƶȹѹأҽ
ͷô巢֮ĸ⡭̫һ㡣
ͺжۿΪˣԼĵ̫ΰˡ
ⲻ֪ͷֻЩױƵû취͵Žգһսȡʤô˶ںһͷ̷Ի𾴣ʤķͰ
ԶĿ̷ŲỳǷ٣ϴˮսù˼ͷʪҪ
Ǻ㻹Щ
ôãٳм䣬ֻٳվˣе룬ѵѧԺѧǧˡ
еǣǧգñһʱڣֵϳˣ
৵һ졣
еѧԱ뻮һһ


2038 ֻ
ӿսƾʿһյ͹һգҲ˵ֲӮûһϢ
˭Ҳû뵽ͷشʿΪչ˧
ڹչ˧֮ȫʿǻһƬ
ȻûдʲộǴҾϻΣҲҶһäĿΣúˣǾʤ
·ͳ˧Ҳû׺ƹźڣʳͳͳȣҪˬĻ˵ԵĶûС
ټϣֻǹ˧Ҳһָս
չ˧֮󣬾̳ǰǰߣûٴӹеӣΪΪڲǹؼӾӵĻһٺڵĶͬʱӺڵѹǾѧԺѧԱҲͳͳǰںϣѧԱܱ󣬺ղȥ̣ȥûЩѧԱͬȥԪȥ۷ݵĽ紦
Ԫպ˷ܣΪ֪ҪóˣʵǰѵǧͱոŪˡ
ǰ浽ǸڻĮǲߴ·أ
Ԫտǰһ޼ʵĸڻҰϣºµҪСǳ˲¹ͷ
Цͨʤ֮·ǲߴġ
еС죬ֻһСȺӭΪһźɫ׵ŮˣӢˬ
ˣ
Ů˼úգ΢΢һЦͻȻһ㶣ͷ
ǳ˶棬Ͽ׵ԵӢŪúնŪһƵȤƷ
µԼС鷢չʾһԼƤѥ԰ڵ˧˧
˶ֻЦҪע˧ǾӦѡ¡ЩУǺա
Ҳ˵һ磬ͻʣҪôĻ϶û˧Ϊ߱ʡ
˺ҲΪԼòǱⷢ͸ˣǰ޹˼ԪյĻѾȮ˵ˣܻ֪ʵݡ
ԪһֵʲôʵݣŮôҲ֪ЩֻϽʶһ
ںжŮˣĲ⣬ΪԼҲʲô
ɻ䣬ǰ¡һ졣
Ԫŵһ𣬵ʲô
յӦǴ
˶õһЦ
Ԫɺһֲۣ̫ңѰȥ
տЦһּСҰҲǵҲȥɣǳȫ
СҰĵͷ̲ɱȥ
ЩݣղŲţų˶֣۲ۣ
˶溬ߵİһۣҲŸյãʲô۵ġ
յͷЦ߰ɣǹȥ
еһһǰ棬ֻԪաСҰϣĿ档
ߣͷȥԭⰼһǳѵأѵضԪնǾһ硣
飡
һ죬Ѱȥֻһ˸ŽâͭܣǹܿڻðŨŨ̡Ƭ̼䣬Զ̴һƬ죬Ũա
һž죬תĿһּһʿֵ뻮һǰĵˡ
ô
Цʵ
ԪջδСҰ磬ⶼһЩʲô
ЦǱǻڣǻǹ
ڣǹԪյʲô
յ˵ߣȥɡ
䣬;һ󾢷߹ι
һۣ˶桢СҰҲȥ档
ԪյĵֱӵѵͣΪ˺޲ýԴڹ죬һжк档
ȥǰʯڣһӣȥǱߣνǹȲù˼ֻʮ㣬ָоһжͬһ㣬ôĲʵ
յûôһ߸˶ӲЩԼѯѵ
ʵѵƻǺչ滮õģԪսЩѵһѵصսʿ¸ҡǿȻֽǰŵҵУѧϰҵĸ֪ʶֽͳһɵѵʽ
գ
Ԫһк
ջͷȥֻԪһǹ
ûлع˶
ֻžһԪϵǹ̵ڵأϽ߾˫֣󺰵ֻǿЦģ涼ûеҩ
ΪʲôųΪļŻڣȫ׼˵򲻴׼⿴Ŷֲͦİ
շ°ֳۣų˶ʾ⣬Щڿڲŵת
ǰȥЦԪô
̫ˣ
ԪռּǹֵİţʵⶼʲôʱŪģ
£ƣҪ˵ӦǺܾúܾǰ˰ɡ
ڻҩʵóһһֱڰиԼֻһֱڣûó׸͢ΪѹףҲҪȥεƨϾƾôǿϡ⡣
Ҫ֪ӶûеʱĻҩԭϾѾѻɽֻ˭Ҳ֪Щ⵽Ǹʲôã
ȻҩģͭúЩǹ֧ڵԭϣѾ㹻㹻࣬ǳΣ֮ĲƸڱУҪĻǮ治֪ôԭϵʱɱһҲߣΪƵ̫ʷḻ֪Щطеúֻȥң֮ǰѰңȻھ֪⳯͢
ֹūެūԼūڿ󣬴š
͵żͻơ
ʵˮ۴֮ѾзڹܣΣս꣬ͭĻھѾзˣѾֻûóˣһҲѾΪǰ꣬ұҲȡ÷ǳشͻơ
ųĽɡ˿죬رӱ֮ݷǹȻҲзֱӲûʯ
նǹ֧ǷǳϤģҲǳȰϾǹԣڱģֻ֪ԭ֪ЩգһҪ˵ǻۣһ겻ɵģЩļչٶЩȱйϵ
ȵĳ˶Ѿ˷ܾǵҿЩҲ԰ҾȡʤǻȻǿϧ̫٣ǻǹװ鷳ͻ繭㡣
Ԫգգۣ٣ж٣
Цϰǹ֧ڣĿǰҾֻһֻǹʮڣѾǰˡ
Ԫɫ࣬Ƶôһ㣬ǧ㶼޷㣬ެǼʮиƨð
¶ǹ΢ЦЩǹֻһѣҲûǹȥެҲ̫ˣɲҵķʵҺǰѾһؿϣͿ鲻ãȥó
˶üţ֪տÿɲ飬棬ֻ²վҪôȥեȡ档
ԪռҾ֪Ҿ֪СӵıǶǳ׵ģ˷ʤǲ֪ǡָʲô
ǡպǺǵʱ֪ˣ


2039 дͳ˧

ϺһĶ£캣ϾȥǱߵʿɶɽǴʿҲҡ·ϵʱѾ֪ԭڿսΪ;һЩ̴Щ˿е֪ЩϢġ
̽ӻˣ
ԣװǰһСʻһվڴȲغܽݵĸۿѾռˣ

òһ㶣Ϣǲ֪ʵڰ뵺Ϣԭûжֻ֪һǳǳҪսûȥעǱߡ
ֽ̽͵Ǵ̽ϢѾϣҹܽݣѾݡ
µͷԸȫ׽ۿǰֹ߶ôأ
һʮңӵҪٴ̽ô
кڳݳ֮ԭǰټõһСձ࣬һֱŶ¡
ҡҡͷҪΪԷ

ʵǺմԽܺߣΪʷ˵ʱӦôģƳʼȫѧϰƳĻ֡ƶȣϻŪԭΣҳһƬǾɲѧֶܻȥˡȻ޴ǣֿʼóףΪõƳ֧֣˻ҪһЩûиƳʵ顣
һֱϣ̲ܽݣϻظ߾ս֮޶Ƴûн޸ǣеǳĲֽ˸ƹƾͿҪˣǿ
˸տʼЩ飬Ͼϻظˣ̫Ҵģֻһоô£ܽݲûмֶþͱˣֺɵĴݣⲻ֪ǶΪʹڸHHɱǿö࣬ʹֻɳʱٵ±ȥ޴ǵȻĺɡ
˲֪ʵ飬ƾȷʵ̫һ;ñѩ޵ʱˣɳеˮʦ׼չȭš
ҵ£ǵӸյûüҫǵĶ°ְѾˣ֧ˮʦɲϻصҴߣȫϻļˣûҲΪūǲ״ƾҴϺǵþǺս㳲µˮʦǱûκսǳ塣
һͷ亹Ǳȼǰһ㶼ûб䣬Сƴôɰ¸ҡҪ֪ƾˮʦѾɺּսɵҲѾ¹Ƥӹ̣Ϻһ·ɨʿ˳ֵĻı˵Ǻ½սӣΪϺʱ򣬲ܻȥ˱ֱˮȥ
ȻϻػҪһЩĻͣоǱӾˣȻһƬ𺣡
ǣ²μӹϻغսʿûʲô˷ܸУĻǵʮ֮࣬ҸȽʱʱģһضзõģ˵Ǳ䣬õöȴһ㶼ûб䣬ʲô塣
صĻûʲô˵²Ī׷üǣΪϻټõģͻпԭǿ侮ʯģоһ㲻һ
ǰľʲô࣬ɣľҲˣûȥʲôΪǱ߳˵𣬾ǻɽХҲ࣬ôģͻȥެϾެԴսвҲûа취ֹ⣬ļƻУûˡ
ʵ뵺ƣҲ̫ҪǱ̫ԶΣԭ
Ҫսߡ
ݣ
һ֧ĳӣݷʻȥϱ֮⣬ϳļǸŮ
䷽ѾʼøŮҪݡͥЩսʿŮѾ˵ɳޡݡ۷ݵȰȫȻ˵֤ǵʳҲͶз˽Ƿ䵽ڶУͷǵķ
СĻǰǶ飬Ҳûʲô֮أȥⳡսĵΨһûκθıģǽ´ʦѧϿΣЩͳͳûйϵ
Ȼûж飬Ǻ֪Ƶ۹·ԶֻԴԴϵ˲ţܹά۹ǿ󣬽ʼΪҪģֱӹغδԲܶϡ
ǣǵˣǵʳˣ
һ֧ӸոսݣһЩʿǣͷ׷׼˹
⹭Ǿѽף߶ӡ
õõǶֵôǡǸ׼ģ
Ƥ״Ưѽ֮ġ
ϣСּŵĹͷͷǹͷ
ѽƽʱһͷͦ׵ġ

ЩʿǣģĺڣĵĶҪˡ
ʵԭĵһڣǰĺ֧ԮԼԼݵȵطġ
ϲ֮ʱֻһС˹
أҴ磬Щ͢ĺڵˣ
أҵˡ
ȵأһҷ׷ŵƤסͷأ҇Nɪš
أǹŹһȥϲ⹭ǲõĶҪõĶࡣ
Ҵ磬㿴⵶֪զģ࣬Ŀȫֺõ
ӵȴλֻǵһ֧Ԯ׼Щִ٣滹ԴԴϵ֧Ԯֻáࡣ
أҹЦСȻûƭѽҶõĸǡ
ЦС˧䶼Ѱ

ҶĵĴЦ
ЦÿģʵߵսѾǷǳϾˣǵĴӪͥѾȫʧأΪͥյĴӪ̫һ㣬һǳõѡ񣬵ǷصĻܶˣƃֻܷͥݣȶݡ֯ɵڶߡǴ¡¶ެѾľϵ١ʯΪƾѾû˼ɵǱߡ
ֵ֯ɳ޵ƾ޲ΪҪ壬סެĽԼƾܵС
ǱҲ᧿ΣϵɥʧأΪмȥֵʳ֣ҪǴʳľӽ룬Ǿû棬˲ߣެӲͻ֮һõͬʱһ߹ɳޣһ߹롣
أǻǳģԭǺյǷţոǣֻҪסʤͻߣĸ̶ںǱоԵΣΪǲһֱҧڸպެսûбû϶ͱˣôҲóŵյĵǲȻǰ
ĻȻûеǺ˵ЩʵУ÷ǳʱҽŮǨ㵽ȫشѾûк֮ǵģȻһֱʧУǵıԽԽ࣬Ϊղϵļ֮Уһ֮أֿװ
Ǿ͸ӼֻҪյŤתս֡

Ȼƾεǵͳ˧ƾȴ԰֮ӭӺյġ
ΪڲǰѾȥˣ
Ҫ΢סͻѡսپķʽǲȡصĲԡ
ຣһɽϣһɽɽϣҰǳʬʱǳ·棬ѷ˴ı顣
ϣܹ뽫ʿһֵ󣬵Ҿެ֮ٽĹײ˻ϼҰᡣ
վڶһ˵ţһ߲סĨᡣ
ཫ˧ҲǴʡ
üǰˣͷȻǰڣ嵽ǰŶڣĵ˾գȨı֮ʵԶڳ޼֮ϣ޼ɵĻһܹĦ͸֪ʵ̫ʥϣڱ£ڻҵġĻҴûĥ͸㵽ңڱ£һжΪԱʲôҪģʼ޷֪Ҳȥ϶곤޼ɾûнĥ͸ʴ˲һܣҲٷ޼ɵĴ󣬹ʴˣΨеȵȥ֮ҲŸһ
ȻһСٿ첽Ƿһ֧оʯɽǱƶ
նüȥضǵĺڡ
Ѧʹ̵ж
ԼĪǧ
ǵøϽȥ֧նɫǣܹŵڣΪڣެضϡ
ʯɽôɰɣҲãҾǧҵ˧ͻȻʵǻжִܹʯɽ
ǽٴҡ
գѾ㹻ˣЦλ뵣ģҵ˸պ˳ȥ֧оΪ˼˾ա
ն㲻Ǿʹ˼ô
ûϽҿûдȫެѣҪһôҲһʮˣĲٶˡ
ʷ⻰ʺͳģﴵţġ
˼ǧˣһʮˣı콫ô
ţǶֻ򡣡ָһŵ
һǧֻҲİʷߵ
ǾһǧֻɡλΪ֤ҪԸĻҲܣǲ˵ġ
ѦʹնǿЦãôһ⻭綼ˡ


2040 Сս
˻ǳԱ˿Уưʷ䶼ҾΪá
⻰̫Цһ㣡
⻰ǳԺ֮ڣҲ˵ͳ˧ƾմô漣˰Űɡ
ɹؼ˼ǧųһʮˣһ±ӣֲǰ֮أһ򵱹Īհ
ҪôĻоʮһǧҲ˵ƾֻҪǧԸ㶨
Ҫ˵Ļնǿ϶ΪԼȥȥɣΪȫҪǡ
Сôԣô

ڻʯɽԱһ֧۷ݷѸٵƶš
ƾ֮Իܹ֣ҪΪǵĺڲǳѸ٣ܶƾԻ᲻սˣΣ󽫾ҵǰҵȿɲô󽫾ʧ
һλԲ۴󺺣ڸͷϣ߽춣
׿ľµһԱͽ
ΪƾķѾһຣͬʱҲ֯͹޹Ҳ࣬һƾزǷֱ̼ǿڲɳ޵ĹƣѾľؿ֡
ңƾôܿȫƾڲЩԾƾԶǺһҲսû뵽ԭЩó׸һκṩı;ӴƾڵĹơ

һߺֻһɳ۶
׿ḻ̌
ǰ·һиס
׿ľ⻰ûнһȥŭȵһôܽ·סס㲻ȥɱô
ڱͰ͵ǺзͬѰһڿеġ
ڽʿԣ
ˣ˵ұԣҾģɱ⹷׿ľ̰γ
С
ȱɱĩǰȥ
һԱ˵
׿ľ켸ǰȥ
һ⸱ȥˡ
׿ľüͷһ壬ӻͲţܹɣܱ߿з
Ǹҡҡͷ
׿ľһֵߣȥ
еԼĪ·һֱɽǰ߶Сɽдڴˣһ۱ɿ
㿴ǰ档
׿ľĿȥǰһ״ŹֵͭܣƷֲ̫ʵⶼҪģؼһͨɫĺֳֳĽȣһɸߣһգǷǳֱۣ˧ˡ
ެʿգжʱ˽Щȶڷ
׿ľðΣָǰ漸ڱվΪǰһ̽
Ǹǵд˾ģɰߣҲóȻ̤롣ҪƵߡ
׿ľûĻ֮˵ǲŵģ˼Ƭ̣ǰȥʣΪڴˣ
ǸǰʼҲ̤ߣǰ溰ɮҵҪڴˣɮɷи㡣
Ǻ˵˼䡣

Ǹ΢΢һϽȥ׿ľ㱨Ǻк˵Ǵƻ
׿ľԣüͷһƻǰȥѯʡ
һ˱˹˵ǴƺСæģֲɱ䣬ǸϽȥ˭ҹߣ촦
׿ľһĿ˸˼£ʱ߳ŭһɣԭǺСϷ󽫾˵˹ƶˣھȥ̤ߣܹ
Ǹæס׿ľɲա˵ţһתһʿùȥǺС
ʿʱ¶ɫ
Ǹ̺ȵȥ
ʿֻŹǰÿÿǰһǺ£ûĻˣЩòײǺлʮľ룬Ź
·һˡ
׿ľĶðղֻΪ˹ʿĲ£֪ȥġ
ǧһ֮ʣǽͻȻ˫Ŀһһһƻǰġ
ʱú伸졣
սΪֱܾӽʿʿһ£ֱӽʸС
ʿոˤϣÿһѪɣӴĿĵһĻ׿ľԴ֪ȥأϣֻͷȥֻһŨŨİðǽз·ڻС
ʱ䣬ҽ־ڶ
ެʿŵöˣȻսʿǣǴûиɴ̣һЩۿԴǰɹȥ⻹ƨѽתܡ
ܸЦǣ׿ľΪñȥģԼȥĻÿ϶ΪǲǸոմڻڵ㣬ΪԼվ㹻Զ϶򲻵ǣʿվǰ棬ڵ򲻵Ȼ⻬ǲ׼ĵģ׿ľǴһɺϣڵǰʱĸ첲ȣ̷飬ҪެʿǼڵϵģڵȥɱ̫ɹˡ
Ȼʿһ㣬ܹһÿ
ǽŨ棬ʵ̲סȵǰ²Ҫ
˵ǣѾû˹עС
Զһɽϣһźڼ׵һۣͭܶһֱעߣƬ̣ܷͭ£ǻ쵰ͻЩĵ
ǳ˶档
һĻԣֱ̫Ϥǳŭʱݵʱ򣬲ҲǱôŪôӱʱڳ˵ʱ򣬱ʯҵ
ףΪʲôܹڿУͳͳ۷
ެոȥɽбϴһɱһ֧ɱ
ެʿŵˣֻ֪·
ʵ֧£ҲһˣֳӣһСҰţһԪš
հǹ񫡣
ⲻǴ̣ɱˡ
ΪެʿŵѾȫʧȥֿͿ˭ܵø죬ɱ˸졣

оС
ԶܹдЦ֮
ʷǽһǧֻɱˣ
һЦĿŰʷ䡣
ʷ̵ˣթ汾¡
յǶĵһʮ˻ǧˣҲһ˳ͷˣթҲûƻѽ֪ǰʷǼҵļҵףϽдŻȥ͵ʿǴ
ʷУһǧֻôôͱô
ЦԼˬȡ
նȴǺʲôȻ֮󣿡
ûȥϾެǰ棬ȥ̽ˡ
պƵ˵֮ʡҲǲ֪ڸոտս֮ʱʺΪ˸ǰ߽ʿʴзʱһң˵һʽ޴󣬵ûǮϣҸͶʣҵʱһƷ̾ʹӦ
Ѧʹ󼤶ǲ֪
յһֻǹԼʮŻڡ
ѦʹƵôһ㰡
յ֪ɣΪ˸Ͻȣʮȥҹͣ޽õģָϽŪһֻǹʮŻڡǷģѾʼдֻ͵
ѦʹͷʵҾʿΪԷˡ
ʲô
Ц㿴ƽôÿǽǵǻոշǱߣȻĻͲȥסһĶֵرˡ
ʷǿ˵ģɲסһĶֵصģǰûнҪΪ˾ղţˣӦÿʼսս
ЦǶһֻܹصެ
ҡ
ʷһǵͨ죬ǲţҶģһֻ򰡣ʹǰʷǼңҲܲסĶע
նЦǺǵ֪кƵߣ
ոҡҡͷ˵ɾͲˣһսҰš
һս
Ѧʹ㵵
Цެ¶ɮսɾûˣڵ֪Ϣ֮󣬿϶ǰģܳɰܣһҪԣսϾͻˣǸϽðεֵоĽ
նǺǵϵȣ
յңңСѣҲƭƭֻ򡣡
ʷ伤ܱܲ򡣡



2041 սת
Ȼûգʴǰ
֮ܲ˵˾ĵĻǿɾ⣬սҲûҪ֤ΪɮֻǺյ۷
ȻҲûеףһ
䣡
һ󣬽ž洫ҽ
յĻ鲻̫׼䵽Ⱥ棬һ·ȥ˵ƾɽ֮䣬ݵιµġ
ެĽ϶Ǽг棬ûչһڴȥۣ̫軮㡣
ҲսУһʹûڣһڣǷǳȽĻڡ
ȻôһŵĻҲ֪ǲʲôֻһַǳֲ
֪˵ģڵģެ󽫣ö󺹣ֲֿĻǻûм
׳־꣬һĿʼ³֪ƾжֲֿ
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ǹҲһεս
սڿʼ̵ζ
ʵݷǹҲûʲô׼ĵģǻѹƣǺղŵʮǹ֣ʮŻڣʮǱߡôܻѹƣǸ⣬ԷģǺܼģˣһһ׼
ʮһӣſڸողںõĿ棬ֻţ滹ľڵ
Ͼǹ֣߻һȣҾʮˣҪֻװ̫ˡ
ǹһֱֵ۾ͱȽϳ׼ľͿ϶½ǹֻǷǳݵΪֲҪʲô
ֻҲʮˣսֻ֣ṩһЩְ֧ˡ
˫ɱĻǷǳңľդǰܿʬ塣
ںһɽϣնЩǣվɽϹսǶȲʶһʽ
ҿҿ
ʷѦʹУһͭܣյϣ⻹棬ܹôԶ
ǺոǴһԶ
նһֱһԶڿԶԵͷźյֻǹٶһЩĻоܹǵķߡ
Цͻġ
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󽫾ɡȻǶѾ֪ǲʲôҾʿе£ȡͻƵġ
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һֱüͷһŵͷձɡ
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ѦʹǻǹҲǷǳ˲ãϸ˿ǽ־ˣֵٶȾͲǹ֡ǻǹĵҩ·òһ㣬ֶ˺üͲʸǹȴûиһΡ
պǺǵˣǵıһܹǧҩԶ繭ģҲܱȵϡ
һڽ˧ǳȵĿźա
һǧҩھǴꡣ
Ѧʹֵ̫һ㣬ҪиŻڣһ֧ǹҿоͲͻǵķߣ
պǺǵǷģǵıȫֻǹǻǹװɱġ
նͻȻǲ֪ѵһǹҪá
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Ҫ֪һרҵĹֵѵѽҪҪǿıҪõϰΪʲôΪÿ춼ļ֣ǹȴֻҪһĻҲ˵ؤҲܹսɱˡ
һ㣬ն֪ǹδơ
ˣЩȻ˵
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ҾĽ˧óڽͬʱڷУòǺܴ⣬ǸԭڿٳУǵٷǳѣҽðʷǽѦͳ󲿷ֵȥɳޡ롢ʯս
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ѦʹҲȴ淺ǵô죬Ǿֻһζķأ޷ެ壬ǽ޼ɵĹκε
ͬҲʺѾެձ޷ǵķߣҲǰ
ôţھصףƾս˼УҪ˰
շƵЦа취һެǲҪЩΨһҪĵģǲҪսյŹȥһǲ߶ˣǾȫˣҶǵΨһҪֻҪסʤͽǡ
սԼʽҶںյĻ治̫ɡ
նͻȻҲ֧սԣΪΪҲôŵģ겻ôҾģҲܻɸıʯ
ѦʹǷ׷׵ͷǼпܣͻȻ֣ԼƾĹսܻᵼսתơ
ңյսҲûдʱҲûʲôãԭ򣬹оҪ;ϮǷǳԿģټѦʹ󡢰ʷһ˷ѣȥƽԭ淢Լľ²ܡ
һ£Ѧʹ󡢰ʷһɴ󽫣ǰɳޣֻ¹Ȼ뱾ΪǵľӶѾϰڸԭս

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󽫾ͻȻӵֲֻֿԹƵоķߣıԲ߰
󽫾ǵıԶʤƾɲƾİ

ԭ룬ڴǴһټƾȻ˳ͦԭֵֽľ棬ʧȥ˼ƾġ
˼Σ˵ͷ˵òȱ뽫ƾǣһǲܹûطڱ֤ѹסǴƾ£һ·ǰȥ֧Ԯ¡£Ҫɳޣжԭϵһûԭ֧֣Ǳ޷ֵյĽܹպϾôǾܹƽŹأ¹ȻĲߡ
ͬʱǻܹʳлһƾһ·ǿڰĹƣڴƶԣҪģܹ񣬱گ֮лصƾǲܹӰõʳܹ԰ΪӪݣԭΨнԭңǱضˣǱɲѴ֮


2042 СǶ
СôΰһǰߣսֶڷƱС
ԭ·ʤƴ˵ãһսʤʵս֣ϣܹսԭʵֻҪؼҪͿжƾϵټգ϶ݣңƾ϶Ἧбеģ޷֧ԮĿܻᱻ߽⡣
ԸΥƾһʼͲǶƴһζĹټϻĳ֣Ƿǳѵģ׷һǳѵõĻᣬĿǰԣǻռоԵȨһֱѹƾڴ
ʴˣ˫ʼܹĵĵǲս޵
ĳֻ֣Ǹıս֣ǲûоս֣˫ʼڳԭ֮ĸطչµһֽ档
͵ÿ˫ʵһҪܵȥҲ˵ģղܽڰŵ
յĵó֣ƾʿ
ҶںնһäĿţΪֻҪڣǾͲʧܵġ
ʵ̫ˣ
ȻմԲѣǷǳģնһӲ졣
ȻȷʾҪأǷȻüǿķ¸ǰѾһΪԭҵͼĸԪأΪһǱ׼ģּ̣Ư
նһУоԼȥս⹤ҵĳ֣佫ս˼Ҳõܶǰ룬ȥʵ֡
𾢵ʱһͻȻ첽˹˧ҾķԱ֣һ֧оݷһ֧оɳ޷
вѾƾУ̽ģǴɽ̫ʺϷв飬ެĲ𣬻϶
նüͷһ壬оҲҾｩ֣ػصǺ󷽡ʷǽѦѾȥɳޣҵǺܵģؼǺݣûдȥگս
¶ŨŨЦ⣬ϽҪģͰ·żŻǲܹȥģؼǺ󷽵սҿֻҾķѹ
ն£ԷģߵĻռʱ˺ֻͣҪʧоȡͻƣǴһ
ջӻֵǱν̫Զ㱻ռ죬Ҳûа취ΣǣȵǱߵĴϵҶѾެֻҪެ绹ǵûģѾдŸмأ˻ֻҪ˳С
նģ㾿кƣܹһٳެ
ʵҪסެնƾǿģѾެĿǰĵƣߣΪóף·ǳͨҪȥެսǷǳѵġĿǰû뵽취ȥެܹȫެ꽻ּأҲǷǳСĽҪȫǵĲҲǳѡ
ҲƵ۹һֱެԭ򣬾ûެָԶ
յϽӣֻҪټһЩʱգҾͻ곢һǿֲζôƣͼĿɲ¹Ȼ룬ԭ볹߽ԭɺϵǣҲҪ߽ެ
նգҲٶʣǺǵɵӣһհ
շǳԶԶԣϽ⻰˵˹ؼ
նһЦʱϴһ伸أ߯ҲȤˡ
ѰȥֻԳߵһɽ죬Żǹڰг÷ǳ𾢣ҲЩûǹģǵҲȥɡ
ЦҲȥˣҶѾˣһе¡˵ǰһָ
նֻۣԪ֦ϴ񣬵ͷЦУȹȥơ
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ƭңԪռˣ̴һԹĿźա
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Ԫյ˵õĴ̼أҸСҰŴһ̣̼ͣأ
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Ԫջŵû˫֣Ѿܴ̼ˣᱻƣֹģս˿УôͬϷһ㡣
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Ԫ̴չȥСŮҲйϵ
յһۣ㻹Ǿ̫һ㣬һǸҵ̼ɡ
û˵û˵Ԫռæҡͷԡ
ŮһֱެսΪ¹ȻĶຣߣƾຣĶߣΪƾҪԼĲߣǷٹǶǶν߱ضϣǿɾˡŮս߼̳࣬˹
Ҳ̸ȥӭӣոӪĴǰͼһλӢˬǾͶ䣬ϵЦݣ͸Ÿ߹ʣǰʿͷȥǶֱŮǶһ£ͺŮһ
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Ůæʾ⣬˸żĹâȵ̧ͷͻȻɫһ㶡
˲׹ǳɧԼС鷢ŮǲǾҿࣿ
Լ൱⡣
ŮĿһţ̲סһЦֽ򴽵ͷ˵Ҳ֣ҪǳԱ֮ڣŮñϷǳԺ֮ڣͦȤģͬʱδУһӾʧˣ΢ЦҾ˵ΪεоôͻȻŻ˹ƣԭѽ
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ǫˣŮǫһЦֵʵҡ¹Ȼ¶ǳܹǣֻҪˣǱŴսʤ
ЦǵȻģެ壬زݣܳãҾеġˣŮģʤһǵģֻ⡣
ڣȻǼŲɡǡŮһ̾ǴӮһΣ˼꣬ެǻġ
ЦᣬǻʺѾּսݣ֮һެǽ˱ģҪެ
ŮԣĿһĨϲɫֹеµ壿
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Ůͷָæλʺ˲ѽһŮŶŻʺ󲻵ûбŵͦȶס˾ƣǽü뻯硣
ѾΪһǳμҡհֹһ䣬Ȼǻˣ䣬¹ȻСɶƾԲģȻ˵ĺûЦŮҲǫ֪ⳡսǰŮ¹ȻľΣʱ̣ͦסߣǷǳ˲𰡡˵ҷŻ⣬ͻȻһŮ˵ʱŮڹؼʱһС
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ЦŮõģЩǲʧȥģ˵յǻֻۡҪǻ۱¹Ȼܹܿչġ
ŮĿۺգҶԴ˵Ǳġ
չһЦŮģȵսҶȫ¹ȻָʵھͿʼ֪ٱս£ŮӦøϽ֯գʼƷսıʤؾ


2043 
յĵֻʹսתƣǲδŤתս֣ҲûȡһԵʤƾǱѹţľƾǿĺ֧ս
һȷʵҲެϣΪެҵӲծ淨
ûйծĻǳֻ͢ǿհյĲƸ˵ĲƸֱӻƻڵķչڵĻңֱӱ̣гԣǷйծڲƻڷչǰ£ʳȫȥǰߣֻһ͸֧ⷽʽôһԭûнͣڴȵΪծڴ̼ķչ
û뵽ǣż뷴˵սȴȷת
ڼˮʦֱ֮ˮʦͦ׽ҲǺĽʱӰټóڹݣǷˮ𣬽ͻȻһӲ嵽м䣬ֱӽһΪԪһڳݳ֮ˮʦֱӵ½ԶԷıΧݵȫ
ҪǱе˵ԼֱȫߣĶˣǾĴң޴ѩϼ˪
ʵ޾ܴľӣڵĽǰټõټȫƾ°ܽ
ڼ֮󣬲δȥոܽݣݵĲӣ˴ϣޱ̫Сһ㣬ȫûҶ¶޵ǷǳϤǰ߻εңĲӿǸոպɨǵľ֮ʦʿ״̬ѵģȻֶȽҲһֱһ޶¡
ǲʹˡ
ڳݳ֮ڣ
Ԫһûʺگôκ˶о̸ϾãԸȥȫ

µȥ֪ʹͶĻҾɱС
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ڳݳ֮ͷĩ֪
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ĺܸʱ䡣

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ҪǴȫʧأǿɾͿмһ̣ʵȴʳ̸ͣȻԼٻȥެǲҪĵˣʳϾ̫Զвԭ
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Ϊмû壬øϽƾսм֮ûжپӡ
ģȴΪһսެһ֧Ѿٳ£ڿպϾһϴȫެյĿƵС
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ÿҲԸެվһߣǼᶨվڴߣΪʲôΪǮʵ㣬ެӮˣǿ϶Ϊⳡս򵥣ȻûԭެոǴӮˣ϶ԭ򵥡
նԭܣܵ̾ͱʿƾƃǵû
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Ѧʹ󡢰ʷЩǣڸԭϱһɽͻһ㣬һ·ϯֲǸԭֱײԣ֮䣬²ʯ򡣵Ǻܿ죬ެԮҲϵֻ˻ȥΪⷬǳһڶ̫һ㣬ϸԭûдһսһֱ棬ǲûпǵʲôڣǿҲɵһެԮˣ͸Ͻȥ
˫˧Ѿٸеκο־壬˵ñȽֱһ㣬Ƕԣʵһǳ̼Ϸǰδеģ⽫ţ֣ҶͶȥԼƽѧȫϣսϣ󿪴ϣݺأƽ̨佫ġ
ǹؼҪ޲һ֮ڣĶ֡
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ңžѧԺѧԱȫ뵽ڣתҪѸ٣ǿɶ˫ȫģܹ»д㣬ĲգǽЩѵİգٵķǳá
ĽӲǺ⣬ֻμˡ
Ҫ֪ڶоͻһ֧ӴҽŶӡ
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ֻһλ״󺺲ҽһ·ǵһ㣬Ƕĺ飬ֱӸѹȥ
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޵ϡﻩԭӱˣûˣû뵽¬ʦԾȻӸȻǿֱ漣
¬ʦԸϽλлңʵӱǲ˺ɶԣһУǲֵһᣬҪ˵ҵûлɡϽȥչӣһüԱ
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¬ʦԡ쳤ЩԭУ𵽵ãǾȻ˶ѣǽǽϵһΪҶЩˣҹͣľÿһˣУҲǲֺ˸˵ģźܶܶ˵£ôҷǳţǾһˣǲֱ˴˵ġ
ʵѪԵͷ˵ոǲһˣߺܶ˾һģͬһȣڶôΪ񼸺˵д֣ȫѧϰƵĻǷպެެУǾҰˣˡ
ʵʷϵ߷ս˶ֺ֧ˣٻֺ֧ˣΪյĳ֣ıҵһ߲ϼǿóףң㣬һһԣⲻһôѪͳ治ܵԣѪͳôҪҲͲȥͥݣȥ̫ԭ
ֱʱ֣쳤¬ʦԲ΢˿ڣһ߳ţһ̸߽š
¬ӣҽ˵ҽѽĻδܹôˡ
쳤Ϊϲ˿ƶǣȻַ첹µҽıԡ
¬ʦԿЦ˵ÿ
쳤㵵
¬ʦԵͷΪÿ춼üʬ壬ڿƶǣҽǴľеġ
쳤ǺǵԭǽԱҽҲ˼ҡ
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¬ʦ԰ڰֵ֣ҩȶЩԱҲѲЩԱܿͻʹ⼫пܻӰ쵽ǵǷǳΣյġ
ҲˣʵҩҲ⣬ҾǲǷõķʽԡ
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쳤ϸ۲ֻС˿ڵĻҩĨ˿ϣЧǷǳģ̷ĻͼЧȽҾ룬ǲҩѪҺϵĸ죬ܹҩѪҺڣܻЧĸ죬ҩҲˡ
¬ʦòüͷһ壬˼һҾַĿУУȵü
˵ţæóԼСҲ˲óԷ
쳤ֵһ㣬⼸սӴԱϣҩЧԶһء
¬ʦԵͷҩһ׶ˣҲҪһⰡ
ʵⳡսУҽѧҲõ˼ͻơ
һ㣬սϵˣΪԱʵ̫ˣһкܶԱüʱʲôġҩЧȽûҽЩˡ
¬ʦǰ幹ǷǳϤģһרſֻ̣֮ǰԸʬģտʼʱ̫ãǺʵûа취ķʽ㹻ˮϴ˿ڡ
ɺϵǣտûô຺ôظ˼룬ԭĻǼô˿ƶǣбԼѽһˣ㻹øվͲ̫ЩһȡóɹȻҩҲ𵽹ؼãΪ쳤оҩһֿأެٴʵ꣬սʿԸⳢ
ҩҲڴģʹã˵Ҳǲеңҩǵ쳤аһ棬ҩзУ˺ܶ¼ᴿͿʼͲסģȥᴿԼҩ
˵ģûа취ֻҩԱһʹЧǲܹһЩʹ
ԱֲǵľǱҽÿ춼ͻƣΪԱԺܶ¼ֱãҲûǿ̫ʱ䣬µļ̾Ͳϵơ


2044 廹ϵ
һսڴ߻ҽĽʵеļΪһս̤Ľ
糤ú󣬽ȥ£úӡеúѾȫ£ֻССľشţơ
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ԪĵҲЦŵͷ˸ϲõĹâ
ֹĳеķǲõô⻹ľҪǻɸЧʿ϶ߵġ
ԪĵҲȲɳ㹻úԼǷĻøʵǲ㡣
ʵľǸʮɣֳΣרŵӣЧʵȷ߲٣ͬʱɱҲǾ޴ģ̫ߣĿǰ־£ܴģҲһЩѹء
Ѿ֤ȷʵǿеģԪĵ󵨵Ĳôͳľʹ÷Ƥӹ̣ɱǴĽͣЧǼģԭĲȱľȱҲУǷǳ׻ľͷ־ǲеģԪĵҲľֻϽɳúȶȹѹأ

ϣĿأü͸ŨŨİˣҲƣ
һֻҽף߳
Ŀһæʵ̫ô
׸æʺֻ̫Ϊ˹ȣŷģûд󰭣ֻ̫ʽþĵһа֣ɴС˵ʱϾھ֮顣
ͷסµ£Ʋ͸¶ȥĻһңƾ᧿Σ
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΢μʺ󡣡
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ʵʲô£
ŴʺǵǮѾòˣĿǰսǳƣһʱܻ޷΢Ϊǵδѡ
ԣȴһϲ֮ɫʵֶܹã
ŴĿǰٶ͢Ҫȶסг۲ǣҲǰʳôʣǮ໹ܹ£ŶҪݺԪݵʳܹ׼ʱִĻһ¡
ʵƳûʹȫû˵еʳսһֱҪ۲ǹÿʮǮһҪסڵתǳ͢غڣ۶ٵĿܣǮתǧȻһ֣ҲǷǳģؼǸضڴ̣ٸʳûУɽضʳأܽʳͳΪǱҲڴ̡
˼Σٸʳ䵱
ŴУٸʳҪά־ʦĽǽûʳֻܻġ
֤µʳȫ䵱ǵĿ
Ŵȵǻʺô죿
һһЩҵһЩ鱦һȥģάһЩʱա
ŴǷǳƫģһ̣Ȼ𾴣ɱҲԼĿǰߵʿȥҲԸǿ
û˵
յĺڲԣǮ򣬼ǿҪάƶȣͱ취ŪǮ취ȥա
ȵŴ뿪֮ͻȻӻͳһźдţŴ㣬ڳԽʱҲԤʾսɲù˼ɵıԼҵԴԼ滹һ䣬в֣ǵҵҲǾţһëѡ
ҵҪ㾿οٽⳡսҧгݵ
һֱڱǣűߣûҲûǸȻֶ̣˴ʱֻźաĿǰȫս⣬ڶѹŴ򣬾Ťתս֣ҲôսҪ֪ެıսǶûðϸԭ֧ŵõʱȥ


ݡ
Сּš
ܵڣС鼱תţƺЩǡ
ֻ߻żλһСˣһСɫĸ㡣
ζҲ
һͻȻͷ޵
ܼܵóԣ
óԣóԣ⿾֮ζҪӴ
ôҲһ顣
Сָ磬Ϊβԣ
²óԡǺǣ
ܼܵһҧȥ룬һ߳ţһߵóԣóԡĺóԡ
ζһܹãǰߵսʿһϲġ
һհԵζܵϲѣֵھһЩڵСζ
ǵģȥš
ˣСָ磬ʲôأ
ܽʲôȻСֱ
ٺ٣
ܵƳıʵǱɡ
սˣܹʱ䱣ֵʳҪģСּʵһֱзʳƷڼ䣬ͽСֱзɣ滹һЩ۽ɣ˼ϸǵϲңƷȥζã⻹Խʡʳ
ΪгϵĹɡ۽ƷļǮǿ֮У͵ۣзԾͲ˭Щʳԡ
ϣΨܵܣһֱڡкñĶС
֮һսڴ߻һд̤ǰ


Ǵ

Գôʣһ̾Ϣ
նæʵսΣ
ԳԭѦͰʷǽʯԱض˵о·ûɳ֧СģӣɽСɽģں󷽸ҾĺڣƵѦֻ˻ǹһ񰡡
նĿϵĵͼɫԵЩǵоһǷǳ˵ţͼһָȻެҴƵı߽磬ɽ赲޷ͨͨʳҲ޷оɳСģĲӣҾڣҲǷǳֵģǻܴӶ߽ԭɧš
Ƶƣͳ˧Ҳתġ
Գ̾˿Ҿо൱˭Ҳ޷һ˭ҪսپǷǳѵġ
սţͬʱֿܶµսⶼһأһ߾ǻңַ㣬㹥Һ󷽣ҹ󷽣ʲôʲôؼҪѾһͷ˫ֻԷѾջٶԷݣ˫ȫսƵǷǳģۻҡ
ն̾˿ѸߣȻĻ
ԳĿն
ն֪ʧԣæ˼ԼΣսʵ佫еսҪնʮ꣬Ҳֵõְ
Գʵˣȥأ
նҡҡͷȥຣǱδˡ
ԳûһѪ

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һûĿںƮš
ˣľɫ
ڼװϣ§һλڵĿԶľɫ
˶ûİһۣʱ˿̣㻹˼δ
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ûͳ˧áҪԼķ˶ƻὫ˸ȥˣ̫ɺˣɻǵ÷Ǹҹ
£ͷȻǵð
˶ûмǴĻǵʱ췴Դ۹һ
£ЦһҷǳαʱҾ֪˵㣬ȴ㻹÷һЩ
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㲻ҪչҵĸܡҡҡͷΪʵˣҲһеģҲ֪ҵЩԳᱻҳ˿ڽӶڳϣΪûĻԣʼǻԣɲ
˶ȻˣΪλҪôأ
ճĬҡͷ̾ʵô£ɣҲֻԵҸαҲȥһУұҪô
˶Σʵ֮仹һЩͬӦǺܴĲͬ
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˶һĨԳЦ⣬ȣעʧܵģܻɹ˵ĻΪûģΪһܹ͢쾯ӵģˮۣܸۡϧҺҲ뵱ʵۣƺû뷨ҲҪĲͬκΪսʵͷһеһжûκ塣
Ƭ̣Цôûз֣ԭôᰲοˡ
˶һЦƤôҪ˰ο֮£㣬ܷⳡսϵĻܻġ
ˣǲܳκαġһЦֵһս귢ģȻҲ˵˲㣬еǣ廹ϵ˰ҿҲˣ


2045 Ϊū
ؽ紦
ããɽ֮УһǳεССˣСԵïɽУܹެｻ̸š
̷֣ôû
᲻أ
ܣҸôǳŵġ
ǽս
ѾôãҪںЩǶˣܻһֱ̳Ӳ˸ǡ
ǶһȺˣֻǮɲںЩġ
ǻ᲻·ϳ⣿
ܡ
̸䣬һ̶
֮ˣŴ̽Լκá
úһֻһ֧ĳӻ
ǳּ䣬ͣϳ֮ˣš
дһЦ̷ǳٵˣ
䣬ε˷׷˳
ǳͷǸ͵ˣ뷢ڰײţβϵܣɲܹңеǾӣһ֣Ҹǿɶѽ
ףס
ǻβ˹һЦֵҲǿЦϸǧϣϸʱسŵﶼǷǳжġ
̷Ц޷޷ãɾûˣ
βֵϸ磬пҲҪӦϣиռˣʱգжܡ
̷ҡֻ֣һˣͼֻǮЩ飬ҿûκȤǽӮˣܹһ·ˡ
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ϵ仰ˣ
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βͷǰһʮǰľͲƿէһۿȥͷơȴЩȫóǿĵݣȫǹƤס
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βһֻ֣ʮ
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̷üͷ͢ʴǺŪʳڱȽŪҲЩǡ
βǮ⣬ԸļǮʳ
̷һ
βͷ
̷Цϵܣָ˵ֱӣ㶼Ѿ˺ܶͷƤף㻹Ǯô
βǺһЦһ㻹ϸģжʳǶҲ¸ϸ磬ÿ˲ٽ鱦
̷ͷУȥ취Ϣ
ǿɵÿ㡣
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˫֮󣬾ֱҵҴԻȥ
Ϊ̷ߵȶԷҪöֱ࣬ӻǲеģʵެṩģпûж
еʮ·̷ͷһͻȻһ˵Ͻȥ߶ƻѾʼˡ
˵ͷ˫һУɱȥ


̴þǺڣսĶɡ
ȻĽ֣ԶԶԤƣԤУǿˣֱӵԭģ˵ҲȷʵӦñǴʱĴƣɲǰĴƣҵ£ǿԿס籩ꡣˣԭûбǿԴԴϵĺڣƾûб̣Ȼһֱڰˡ
ȻЩ䣬Ǵ㹻ʳެҲеЩʵֱҲΪչ˺ڣȫ¹Ȼ룬ѹܴģɳʿȥߡɧţʵȥΪԼʡݡ
Ѿ֪ҪһòԭǲܵģֻҪԭڲͺһռԭڶϣƳ̸УƳ˳¹Ȼ룬ͥΪ֣ʵЩطǻѾռ죬ȻǣҲٶƳ̸еĻᶼȥȫ
ֻܼȥ
ѾôģȹŹأƾ׷¹Ȼ룬Ȼ͵ԭȻָ֮ͼԭҪһλ֪ǲܵġ
ս˫ڶоѹܴ
˫ѹڲͬطƳǾǧ񶼲̫ã̫ǮԴӴҶ֪ʺʼҵ֧ԮǰߵʱԪҡ֮żЩҲѾΪķʽ͢ó͢Ǯȥʳ͢һЩѺСԪУǮ
ƳȻѡ˷йծֻܼ·ҪƻصĻǧծûκ壬ǰ֪͢Ҫˣԭڲı
ެѡһַʽҲǴͳķʽڵѹ֤Լ㹻Ӧӳ־õս
ȣξǼѺūķ
ʵںܴģѺʳۡ
Ƴ֮תǸҵģΪǲֿƶȣÿ˶ֿ֮ͣ˵ӳ¹ȻȥÿѺĹˣԼҸǵĳǻңʳǵгϹ򣬳͢Ѿǿѹס۲ǣ͢ôǮǵʳҪǼۣǾ˵ȥ⳵ϵʳǸսʿǳԵģʵʡ˲ٵ˷ѣǰĺڣԱ϶̵ģʳģԱû֡
ެǴģūѺʳֱӽɣЩѺͲԣǽūū
»޿ʼδģսΪެõ˴ū⼸ץ˴ūūõսʣʮūں˫ƴþһ˫Ҳ֪սܻܾúܾãһЩūνֻҪӮһսٶūҲС
ҪȻެķʽãһ潫ʳ͵ǰߣ˳㻹˳ˣһãūˣսûнҲķڷȻҲֲ֧ôá
ʱ֣ţθһ֧Ѻڻǰ
ţʵμеͨԭ͡
žžž
һֻһѺĽűӲϵĳһڵϷūģūڵһ
ǽһŲūͷϣū˭͵ǵ³˵գ嵶һūšȻֺ㣬㣬Ҫǵ˾ͳͳú
Щūŵǿ־壬ƴųǰߡ
ҹ֮ǽٻǲͣشߴūǸ·

һһū
Ѻʿ̳ȥһӳȥžһ죬͵
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ܱ߼ʿҲΧ˹
ūǶѾһûгԹⶼѾˣǻϢһ£Ƿ뽫ǻ

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Ǹû׼ûбеʿҲǺð
⻹ûлعЩūѾ嵽ǰһʿ⽴Щūһ㡣
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ЩūһһᣬȫެʿЩūûҲ֪ɱˣƾһԹޣԷҧҲ͡
ѺʿֻаٶˣūǧһǧʿȥѺһٸū
ūȽެʿһֲûл֮

һ㤵ĲҽֻײеĽ٣ūڵϣ˺ҧЩūҲǶͷҧ⣬ֱ̽ȥ
ǷǳѪȡ
ܿ죬ǰެʿȫҧ˵ڣûһʬ塣
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𣡡
ѹ̫õūһּΪ˵ĺҹ
Ϊū
Ϊū
ӹɣ仰϶Ǻս̵ġ


2046 ĹѾںãʣ
ڴؽ紦ƫƧСϣ̣ʬڴˣǵѪҺ·ߵСȾʺɫ
Ȼһ֮ǾͽԶ
ΪΪʲôΪʲôҪô
ΨһŴβǳŭĿǰŷǳϤס
һѣƽʱǳֵܣһǲԣˣҲε¡
̷ЦһҵĻѾ˵ˣֻһˣͼǽǮ㲻ެһСѣǶĲƸެΪһѡôô
һǸެ̵ӡ
ǰֱһذͱڴβĴϣβ۵Ĳҽһ
һץסͷɻǵһô
βԣͫȻŴ󣬡ǡǡ
ҵֽɣɣһЦģһļͳͳȥģһġ
Ŀأ̷΢΢һЦһǹݸɣǺϲǴƵôǴʽɣѾ˵ҩֱӿǹ
ɣӹǹ
úá
飡
綼徲ˣ
̷ʵ̷˽ŵϴǳΣ֮ת˽
β֮ɣǹݻ̷лǰұ˴𡣡
֮ɲҪЩ̷ӹűʯǹ̵ǣǱʯǴβ͸ģԼǹСķƤ棬ɣʵˡǱ߲ʲôɣ
ɣЦģȫѾźãκεģЩʿɲ˺βū
һԵǵĻǹҲѾެڣҪǣԴԴϵĻҩ͵
̷ЦΪóİ
ެĴ죬ôҲ벻ǻ˽档

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˵ˣĻҲ˵ˣΪͬѾȫѪУŻԹūǣϣϣĿ͵ĿľĿ⣬ʿܵһǰδеĿ־塣

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ʵΪƾ׼ģƾսеǣֻҪӻھУǹǹؼĻҩǸЩū׼ģЩܹū׵ɱЩսެʿǶһҲ׬ѵһʿѵһ֣û꣬ѵĳɱһǾһūߣֻҪ㹻̳̳޹޾ͿˣҪʲô߸֡
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Ϊū


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СҰ㡭Ԫ͵ȥɫһ㶣գʲôҸСҰڱǹ㵷ʲôҰ
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ЦϽľެͻȻʧȥݣô
նǳֱӵǾˣ
ֹģսۣҪͻȻĻ꣬κ
յͷǴ
նԷݳԽެ󳷵ģϷȫû⼣󣬿ɼǻ㹻ݴ
Ц˵ͻȻʧȥݣҲ֪ҲǸո֪
ʵͻȻʧȥأ
յǲʧȥݣ󷽻ʮĵˣҪǲҾȥˣҲûʲôȤˡ
Գ±ƵôԽԽͿأ
ЦҶެ˽⣬ǵսʿūǺڣͳͳūͣһ궯ʮūΪĴݣսֵĽ֣˫ĺڶѾ÷ǳԽˣެҲˡôΪ˱֤ǰʿܹԱެ涨ū
Ҳ֪ެūһùżϵĿԼͬ·;УǰͨģΨһǣʱڱɿһ£һЩūҴΪʽĻǿһ£һ龰ȤǣЩūɶݱϡ
˵÷ǳ򵥣ʵɲô򵥡
ʵںܶǰΪڷأ̷ǲެūصѵһعūެĿľǸެЩū䷴˼루1951 ԵΡңɣȥչЩعɣصһūշֲΪެһ̣רչЩعԱܵ˺ЩعǻѴʱͽǮȥѵģģҵʱҲɣЩعȥѺġ
һжԤıġ
Ȼɣмެ̣ʵǺյˣһͬǸެͳν׼ޡ
ΪʲôżΪڵȣҪȵ˫ܳʱެͳν׼ϵļӴūİʹãһвŻЧġ
һƬѻȸ
ÿ춼κ˷ܣֻëȻ
һʵ̫һ㡣
˵꣬Ҳ뵽һġ
ĿһɨΪʱӦһƬкǰ
ڽʿһͬʱЦ
նǺǵˣˣ֮ѡصĲԣϣս뽩ֽ׶ΣԴެڵѹƣϱıηη¹ǡɼıҪԶʤҵȰ
ϽˣպǺǵҲǴһ˽ǶȥǵġΪūĴڣެսɱԶǵģǵ˿ȻʮެǵıȴѴﵽެĹģΪӵūҼκ¶кûģǳҲūҲūңҲެͳɱİ취

ÿ϶дһдġ
˵սˣ˵ެ
նʵ֪һôߣ
պǺǵҲҿĿģλսǣ꣬ǻô
Ҷǳü˼š
ðΣնҡͷ޽⣡ֻ޽Ⱑûݣֻʣ·һ·ǾһսǰȥսټлǹڣûǾһսıǮս֣Ҳע޷һټǵڶ·̳ˣҲ˵һʱỹߣ㳷ߣǿ϶ʤ׷ҲƱػٸܵУټûݣʹţҲ찡޽⣡޽⣡
ԳͻȻ˵᲻ѡͶ
յͶĻǾͲҵѡ񡣡
ߵΪѡˡۣһģңиԭһƣֻҪһϣһȥġΪǷ·سΪҲпܼǾһս£ʤȯգȻҲóȻǱ׳ˡ
Գ˵ĻӦøϽдŸѦǣǸϽֹެس
֣һҪǳȥѾдŸѦʹǣǧҪȥެһսΪެʱ򣬶һˣǶǿެҪ˵Ļֻø졣
ԳʵΪΣ
һЦǲҪǣǵūūɵġԣսһ̿ʼ÷ǳ롣˵ŶһһźݸԳȥ֪ͨЩԱϽ
Գ㶵Ľ˹һȫԱǣʲô˼
յʲô˼ǵøϽΪެô϶ɹԱȥ



2047 þ
˼ҵıԼϣСѾڽ˼ҵˣԳǶԼˣҲ治С
˵纫ԣնԿ϶ʤȯգⲻܻģҲΪˣնܲެǽ갲ȫˣ̼ӽ¹ȻеȫǰôҲ÷סܵıˮһս
Ȼڼ享ֵʮŻڣ޽һ׷£˵ǹ
ຣϡ
£
˶΢ҡֶ֣һµ¡
ΪĶ֣Դид
ƵΪҵõǿ佱ǡ
˶ȨûܹӴҶϰΪ֮£ѰҵһūʳҲ˵ެǰԭҲˣɴδԴһΪƽ֮£Ų뵽һ㡣
Ц˵òԭҲ£ص۹۹ԣʵ״ҲƣΪʲôЩͳǼǳԲǴأ
˶һЦ˵Ҳԡ˵һ̾ɫȻǵõֻ֮꣬Ϊ˾һգҵҳƵ֮Ҳںˣֻȡʤ
Цɼûģ⻹ǳǰϡ
˵ţͻȻͣ½Ų˫§ų˶ϸ޹ǵ֫Ц㿴㣬ԴʧȥҰֱ֮ôᶯˣôΪ룬Ҽֱǰˣ
˶͸һ˿ǽΰ

˵úãɽڣûա
󷽶ҳ굱ϣϽˣΪǵڸԭ֮ϣֻҪڲңⲿǺѴȥģȻѪΨһͷǻȥƽѣȻܿϧûʲôĴӪҪ
ެظо˳һ㣬ȫظԭϣȫʵûкڵ֧֣ҲزסҲެһ磬лûлȥҸԭ֮ϣҺΡ
޲
ʷһʣͻȻѦʹڣѦôǲ˵õȥʯĵô
ѦʹЦôôͻأ
ʷ£ƵȥʯʱֻСɵެެ֪ȥأ
Ѿȥˣ
ô֪
ոź
Ѧʹһźݸʷ䡣
ʷϽӹһ·𲻸һ㣬ػؿ˺ü飬ͻȻһһƻǶ
Ѧʹ̾˵ҿŵĻеǳ٣㿴Ǵ˰죬δãһеزѴֻ֮˻ެ
ʷ̵Ҳô˵Ҫﶥţеķݡ
֮Ѧʹͷǵ̱ϣյս
ʷԣ̾˿
ղҲϼңԼˣʷ϶ǺܸӵģΪ֪ձذɣûެǣƣƾѹȫԸա

룡
󶼻ެͻȻˣ
Ϊʲô
ҵҲ֪ԭǶѾֵסˣͻȻͳˣ
ոʳ̸׸ϻмϢˡ

ղûдţлԵĳɷ֣ȷʵͽһؿϣǿ飬ԼŽؿϲ壬ǧǧɲɱ˵ģֻƵɱ
겻֪ǣɱУеĳΪ겢ַ֪˼룬ǶôĿ£͸һ㡣
ȻҲΣңĵĳƾʱ䣬ϵǷвӣնȵȷެس¹Ȼۼ̳ެӪһֺըʣЩԻƾެʿʱɢ
ԼĻǹӺԼ¹ȻĲӣЩӦԭĽʿţǣڵչˡ󷴻
ƾľʵսߵĲӷǳҲûж͸ҹެΨкС⵨ɫ
ǴԴĵǶŷɥûôˣΪ֪Ѿˣ⻹ô򣬺մֱƽƵɽ
ڣ
䣡
ͰɽСţôܾڵһֺը
ֺը֮һδʣرͶ쵱ȻˣȻزס
ɽƾʽެء
ƾ»ЩϾİƾѾܾûˡ
ǵͳ˧СȴǷǳصشһ׾ֶӣôһоһ߸߸裬ϴһϲįˡ
ԸūǣǵѪ⣬µĳǣһģðŵ˵ļǰðŵ˵ļǰǰǰ
նøĸʣЩ⾳ģֱȥ
裡裡ϳһף׻һġ
ͻȻš
̸ֶĻӣָɳ滨ģƮɴվǿ͵İϣĵĴ⡣
һĸʵǺոݿɯİıģȻǳ˶棬ǳ˶ֿɲãôҲһŮʵۡ
ҡ¡֮͸źĹϵ
Ԫڸͷϣһ߳ţһҡͷԣָĳԪĵ
뵱ոŵҪެϣ߸裬Ϊǿž䣬ղ׺ʵģһʵˣЩңķֲյľģľǼٵġ
ȻѰ̼ģͻȻ֣ԭˬڵ˵߸裬һĸо
ȻԽԽߣҲûô˶ǳѣܺõı˸ԭӦһжô˳
ߡԳЩͳǣЩǸеã
ȻǻԼ˫ۣǵĸһЩЩ񲻵ûܣһʻվ·ϻӭƾĵһЩ󿪷ŵĹ׷ƾƾһ֮߳£Ƿǳġ
Գʹۣźյ⡭⾿ô£
΢΢һЦµһ˵ެģȥǣӽտʼǰֵأԶԶǵġ
ެ˾Ϳʼߺ
Щˣĵظ衣
ΪͰŵĴЩūͰգǴƿ£ǼūƵģңѾܾѶҪΪƵأƲὫطָǣԮģҲֻдԮǡ
ոոձûˣūˣⷨڣôūһ鷴û˿־壬Ǽᶨվڴߡ
տʼƾެصʱǻ̫¶棬һ͵͵Ĺ۲죬ͻȻƾ룬ǹ̤ڴϣݣңסöԼ񣬳ԵҲԼʳûһʿģҪǣƾ񶼱Ǽҵõöࡣ
Լľӣã·ʱҪһƤһѪ
ûбȽϾû˺ѽ
Ҫƻ죬ûĻʲôҲûǿʼӴƾƾø趼ôʱøбЩ˻ֱɱ͸ƾϣϺߣֻƾҪǵģԼԡ
ӸЦǣ곷˵ʱҲƾ;зҪסƾǵذͽϢƾз
ԳǿЦãѶѾҪֲ
Ǹʲôͳ˧ʹʲôս
гһҪެͷ۵ģ߶ȶˣû뵽ôɣⲻڴ̣ı
Ҳ룬Ҫûаգ̵ģ̵ģٿҲýȻĻֻ
Щ͵Ϯͬһ̣ƾѾ˵һһֻȥԼˣƾȥ׷Ҳʱ䡣
˧ǰʮﴦֵо롭롭
Ѿ㶼˵һƨ
ǣǵѾţӽս
ոϽǣ侮ʯʱˣǳ尡Ƕǰ͵ľŶǲҪǣиġ
Գʱðһͷ亹
˵ƾһ͸ѪƵãƴǰ塣
ţʱ԰ɱĿذľ񲿶ӾȻūлء
ҴӼūҪϵһЩΪлǹо񲿶ӣһǹһһġ
һѵء
Щ붼ǺԪѵʿ
Ǵ󲿷ˣǱȽں֮ڵģνɲҪѵģӹӵӹӣ߶ڱϷŷšڣʵǴ͵ĳڣһըðỤ̃Ƭʯҷɡ
飬ЩūŪлսҪס䣬ס۾Ȼܾģ겻֪ܶ߹ֱƷ
ңıռš
ԭص֮̾ͱþĻɢЩūʿԭǰӢսͻ֪ô£һصȫˣԭǡΪū
ս־˲ñΪҲūĽ׼ƾսǵȻͣǶЩˣϸ˵ԷΪԼս
ǴӮˣǾūҪǴˣҾͳɴƵİˡ
ֵͦ˼ġ
ʼūܣԽԽˣͲԸΪս
껹治ɱ޹ֻĿЩūܣҪɱĻһл䣬ɾˣΪʿū⻹оٶȡ
ҪǣԽߣ˾Խ࣬ūͨҲҲΪⳡսϰǸūһߵģҶǱ׼
ʵ겼õʿԶȺտҪֻ࣬ЩֱɱūȻԼ·ˣެǳɱūެ󷽵ūǿصģ϶ɱ߰˰ˡ
ūָƣΪǱӳūֱӼߣЩūʿɶսľ񰡡
ʵūģҵǵġ
ɱСЩūںţXģΪеʳ괢ʳǶˣľӣԲ̫
ɷǳѽ
һЦ춼ϲ£ϽڱƵߣ׼
ӷڣֱޱѽڵֻҪȥǾ׬
ŷ֣ܡ
ūԭôƾվڶ԰ﻹһЩ𣬽һƾڻԷǱӵģͬʱҲĵҪʱ磬ֱ׷ȥ
ЩūȻǡΪūǻйУϾūôãһת䲻ġշǳͰרʿǣǷ꣬ھڰƣƿ϶άǵġ
ЩūҲǺܴˣңִеõƤף･ĽԼƵֻȥǸӼһ㡣
ƾʿһֵˣǶԼԼģ


2048 ô
ǽˮ¥̨ȵ°
ԪտǰЩѺ˸߲ҵūǣֹ߶š
СҰҲǰȥ׷ģǳ׽꣬ٿ죬Ҳ첻ߵū
ˣЩūɶɵǽ룬ߵ׷ūǾֱȥܵܵץе˲Ϊ𰡡
Ԫˡ
ԽԽƣôҲһۣܹ׽ٿԴ꣬ƾʲôūץˣҲǶѽԪվԵСҰСҰҪɱǣɾ͹ˡ
СҰһۣȻԪյľ룬ӵСˡ
ԪҪ۱ɣ㺫籰ɣСˣ㺫ǿαӣ޳ܵľ
СҰߵҺӲ۸СЩֶζԸǿĵˣ֪۸Сǿĵˣŵû겻ᣬһʸҺȡ
ԪǳɫΪʵˣռȥ۸Сĵ˶ͣʼ꣬ȣǿЩˣȥ
걻ֹǴսȡʤެˣ
ȫ֮⣬ûԤƵⳡս֮ѸͣͬʱҲû뵽ַʽ
ެ۹˲
ǰãһ뵱ǿĵ۹ͥĸ׿̼ΪƾĽߵЩ󽫡
Ǻܷ̣Ҳѭ
£
һһϥϡ
ҧҲϸ¹

СҰ
ͻȻСҰ
СҰۺգȻȥ
տЦ֪꣡Ϊλ䣿
ҧгݵĿźգⱰСˣսϴ򲻹ң֪Щıƣʤ֮䡣
öǺЦ˵ܹƵãǵõڳʱ򣬱ϥ͸һƵãȻȴҴƣͻȻϮҪ۱ɣҿ簡
㡭
˫Ŀ죬û
̾˿Ҫ㸸Щ飬Ҷü㡣ѧϰҴôĻѵͲ֪⡮õ߶ʧ߹ĵôΪʤԼҰյܲܣҲ뿴ެŶˣһʳܸԭַܱʽҿһ㣬Ϊެཫ㣬Ǻǣʵֻһֻ֮ܰˡ
治Ҫ̫Ϊǣ㲻һͶߣûʲô˲ġΪԼôս˲һϣԶ㸸װ㸸κ£أ㸸ʱ򣬴ެĹϵǺҲòȥҲȥܵ˵ڲϷչУͬȴͼƾԼǵСʵԭެҲ˲ģΪûһټĵ۹Ҳ䡣
һ࣬һףɺղ˵ܿܣҽ޻˵ҪɱҪУϤ㡣
΢΢һЦǸһˣûɱ˵Ȩҵĵڶԭ򡣡
˵ţһ֣Ǽǰɡ
걻ץެȫǻҷ𣬺մֱЩǡ
ǳǼ׳ۡ
ЩǵĳǰããˣѹѹһƬ·ԶƵã֮Ȼެһ·ԽԽū
һδǳűֻһȺ˴˳
˾ȵǣΪһһʮ̫̫ݷǳ飬ĸԵĹԡ
ԳСλϷ˿ĳɹ
ȷ
Ӧòġ
µԳҲ׷
ռ
ռæǰеһ
Ѿܾû˳ƺΪˣĳɹ΢΢һЦִºգʵǺգ
յͷ
ĳɹЦŵͷЩ˵ƳһλӢţСĴ׹գһ鴫
ǳᣬһֺеĸо
ǫңңˣ
ĳɹ̸ֵཻ䣬ϧĿǰֻǲܹˣðһ䣬֪һ
Ŷһǡ
ĳɹ̾˿֪˷ս£Ϊ޹أȨһֱ»޼ƿţҲ£Ǵǣ»˼޹ܹҵһ·
յͷ£ЩҶ֪ǴӽѾ񣬶ҴƵİգҲҴƵĹӭӹؼңҲҴеĿ֮һ
ĳɹ˫ĿһΣ˼ǣެѾأ
ȻΪأѵ̽ôյͷģǲɱ޹ģΪⳡսһɷÿˣûвⳡսľ飬ǽõˡֻҪմȾҴưա¹ȻյѪһҪܵͷ֮ڣ˱±ĳͶ
յȻǳƽȴ͸һɲɵȨ
ĳɹȻ֮û뵽ǰȥ޺ˣ˵İԵȫͲƴͳĹԱ¶Ϊ֮ɫ֮ڿ¡
շǳ϶Ҫڽ֮ڣķȻͶҲΨһԱڵİյķ
ĳɹúհΣɫᶨûʲôأɵñĿһ̾
ʵڵūѾͲסȫƾѹţڵİջǷǳģҪͶĻǲҪΪƽأڵūͻ췴ǵĽ׼ͬ棬ƾʲôЩūһ


ͥݡ

һĽкһоʣѵ󽫾ެˣ
ոնͥݵƃѦʹηձͻȻϢһ±ơ
ʷ𾪵㡭˵ʲôެأ
š
ҥԣެŸոظԭôأ
ĩҲ֪Ǵǧȷǰô˧ѾפЩǣŶսĩǰ֪λġ
ⲻѽ
ƃغ
̫ˣ
Ū˰죬ͥ׼Ŵ󷴻ĿǰûнյıǺվֱӹ˼ҵĶǣҪ֪ƾУެֱҪǿĶ࣬ƶһѽ
Щսͳ˧ǣԼȥˣҲûٴˡ
ΥȻѧʲôʱԭȴԭס
Ǿ仰ˮۣܸۡ


2049 ѲŸոտʼ
ʵĺС磬ֱȥЩǡ
Ϊƃǵģʵɻԡ
ެˣ
ǰ϶ʵ
ʤҾެȡôʤެˣ
ެˣ

ĽݱǶǿţһزһϲʿǣһ·ߺ򳤰һһ۶ȥȵ˳϶ư͡
û˿סеļ
Ҫ֪Ƶ۹Ҳǵ˼ް
·ϵİոտʼϢţެŸոߣϾⲻѽ
ŲϵĽݱټϺСӢ䣬ҽˡ
·ѺݵİգҲϲʶ໥֮䱧ͷʹޣ޴Ц
ʵƴҲǷǳÿ˶ǽţͲ֪״򲻴ӮҪǴӮƳܾˣϵĵһݱެֱ
Ա
Ա
ݵһƬ
ӮඣӮඣ
ܵ˷ܵվڴϣ־Ť裬ܱ߰պܶ඼ǺŮ㵽ģǱó裬̼ܵһŤ˲䣬ܾܵͱһȺŮΧţȶˣ˭˲֪˭˲ֻҪСָ죬Ĳ˵ǾǳããСǷǳ㣬һҲţÿòڣĻСֿܴ˽
ҴĵĴģĳ裬һƬڣû˭ɻˡ
ʵսδڸմϱ߻ڸگ򣬶߶ڸH
ʵνûެм֧ţǿҲֵסƾ㣬Ҷ֪ʤֻǳ¡
Ϣʱ򣬰ոǷеİȫϽ֣ƴ˻ѹ̫̫ãʲôͳͳܣⶼͦ˹ʲôҲֹǽˡ
Щ˾Ƕǽʹޡ
ԹԭûдֹģսۣߴߣߴϱߣǿҲͦסǽմƲͦסˣԭȱ˸е˼ǣԭûһ࣬øɵö࣬ܿ࣬˵ΪԴԼŮѧԺ顣
ѹôõһּϲ鷢й˶ʼЩ
֣뼸λϣһĻĻҡͷ˼飡̫˼ˣǿʢһʱެôͻȻأ
ĵެеһöӣѾãȻͻᱻ帮Ҳûʲô
ԭЩţƾʲôôսףΪʲôأ
ָ֮䣬ֻҷ𰡡
ȴһ̾ΪսԶԶûнһսԭ֮ĵطѾĿ꣬ԭҲǽƣô찡
赭дǵʲôкô
֣ǰɲô享յġ
еҲᣬҷ˵Ŀɲǿ䣬ڳʵ
µǲòǷΪƣΪ꣬׼ģΡɶ̸ϣҪ֪ƻУ޵е񣬶ںյĻ裬ŬİԼĽɫԼҲˣ֪ⶼǺŪģҲø⺫յļƻߣûиκѡء
Ϊһ·ܾ
ެHҲûѡǲ·Ҳ
ʵҶûѡ
ȻҲ
ǵ
ެأ
ŴϢ𾪲ѡ
˼ֹͷǵģǰϢѾ²ҾҲѾפެĶЩǡ
⡭ôܣ
ﲻţǰ涼һֱýƣƾѹŵģҪɰתʤҲһ̣˵ǰһ̴ҴǳƣһެƾֱӽЩǣ⡭Ҳ̫һ㡣
ôọ̃սĵһݱެ
ΪʲôެͻȻﶼʼެе׽ˡ
˼ֹҲǰѾ˵ǰߴȥһַǳ޴󣬳ΪҾȡʤġ
һǵģһǵġѹⳡսһĨ֮ɫ֪
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ʲôˣⶼС۷ֻۣҪѵ죿
˼ֹͷôģǰϢҲˡ
ԣʱü

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λ֪м϶Щ˲Ը٣Ҳܹ⣬Ǳ֤Ĵ뾩һκβ𡣲ңֻҪǹκǨǶǵһѡǻᣬǵǰ;һǹģһҿǱ֤
ɫïԱ˵
ЩԱֻжʮ꣬ǵԱյ˶ȥһˣʵΪެ׼ġ
ˣΪԱȻ÷ӳ͢ĵɡ
ѽܹҵȣҵȵĸ
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ЩԱȷʵЩΪˣҲ˵ǣóЩҲа취ެԭ֮ϣǺѷչġ
յһֵ֮ԺͷǲΪެĵƣ
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յެĵƵȷһ̶˷չ˭ҲܷϡҲΪˣûжڵѡ׻˵úãɽɽˮˮԭôΪģެˡĵƣעǣԵõܱߵİĴɽԭǵذΨһܹġ
ʴˣҪƬأҪһκ˺ƬصΪ˺ÿһգƬرٻˣôİҲﲻԭʲôѣܱߵʿѸٵĽ룬ȥǣֿȥһԴһһҪǣһҪ̬ϣܹԳչ֮ǰƳɽ󱣻ɶƬضԣūһҪʹҲҪ
ЩԱ׷׵ͷʵѾ̬ĸΪںעһ㣬ԭ˺ܶܶ
ֵ⻹ƾԳȶȥǺѳģΪȻĻ޵ģֹģҪͻһ㣬ΨذյǻۣȥƸȥƸǻֹġ
һԱͻȻ¹Ϊ֮ߣҪչҵǷǳѣҲǳе𡣡
ǰôóףΪкܶܶūͺܶɱҪԭĳɱҪϳūʧȥͳɱͶó׿϶ͻֹġ
˵úܶԣԷչģĹҵ
ͻȻһתʼռһ㣬¶ģлһ棬Ϳ϶кõһ棬ĵעͨ㣬ʤ죬ֻ˳УԿչģóףôҵ߾ͺѷչҲΪˣҲյһҹҹÿնڷֵĻУݵİǺѽĳǱĵȥĳһ¡
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ñ˵ｫһټǳͨ·ȥô㶼ǿǮģ·ǣȥǾѪ޹飬һһ޶⡢·ļֵһǧͨ·ļ۸񣬶ѣֻһ߳ȥʺ
һԱɵİտһô
׺յ˼˲ԭ࣬Ⱥūܹ־磿
治̫š
ЦǶѾΪĹԱҪȡóɹǾӦýİնţȥǣǶǣǾͲܷչʱҪȥǡҼһǿУΪĵʵ̫ˣͬԴһ㣬ֻҪǲȥ۸˱ˣǱ˾ɵܵǣܼ򵥣Զһֺõ£ԹԭǺܲһǿԺϸģƽȥÿһ£ÿ¶ѧʣһҲԭᵽĽľ
ǵ񣬾ⷽ淢չǵذյȤãҪȥǣҪȥѹҪȥ͢ǽİճַԼ츳ÿ¶£ôʱƸȻͻӿȻһУİգһóĶһǶص츳Ҫȥֻ֡ҪһǳɹƷطаչøӸԣΪǶԣг޴ġ


2050 ɱ¾
ηչެڿУΪļƻһҪެģެҲƻǳǳҪһƻӳԶչҲҪԭƵİͼڣΨˣܱ֤һսȻǺģһΣҲܲˡ
Ҫ֤ެİȾ͵İհҵ
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ֻ̬ܾޣȫȻҲǲеģ滹ǵͻƣóǷչҵϿԿ϶Ѹԭһģķչҵ
Ҳ˼ʲôƷܹɱģȥֻɱ͵ģʲô滭̡ݳƷһ·һǧ·ļǮǵȻνɱ
ңռһɹģΪ˵˼룬ڲԭϵǺũϵǣ˼ۺͼֵۿ϶ǲһģԭȫ¶һ޶ģҲҲƵĸԭƵĻİգǵ˼ҲһڲͬģΪĻʵ̫ˣӽ񣬶ҵǶ˵һ޶ģһǼֵǵġ
ذյǻ۴϶İգ޷ģ˺ҪһҪɷչַԼ츳Ҫԭʼ츳ҲƬظǵ˼츳ǷǳǳģΪǶһ޶ġ
һܳʱĸЩԱЩ޷ȫеİ
ҲżǼסһ㣬ͻ⡣
Ȼһ˽Դʷ
յͷЩԱԼһ£ȥԴʷǣٹۡ
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յб׼˭֧ⳡս˭Ҫܵͷ˭ⳡսвɱưգŰɱū̡
ôĻͳν׼û˭ܹġ
Ҫ֪ެһˣҪôģսһ㣬˵ЩƫԶһЩެҪĴ֧ⳡսģԵʵǿǱߵģϣá
߲ǵգ֪ʵǵ֧ⳡսġ
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ֵʲôյģȥǾͷȲ˵
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߶ںնʱóϷôҪæܹôϸ£ͷ¹ˡ
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ĳɹϽʾ⣬Ȼûдʲô֪ȥ޺ˣɱ˭ҪһЩСʵðݷãûдŵɣ
ЦҵˣոѾҸϳȥˣ
ĳɹʱһ㶣һΣЦԸһ
һٸӣҲôֵ֣
ллԼ鷿ĳɹԼ͸Ƶã
Ҳ֪ʵ֪ĳǰк·Ը
ĳɹԸ治ҵҡֻǡ˵λ߽ռյ֤֪
յͷҷԸģǲ֤ʵ֧ġ
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֪ССգʵҪɱҲһ仰£յĿģҪĳɹӭȥͳν׼㲻ɱҲôߣⲻƲĵǷǳģЩū˼Ͳȫ顣


2051 
ެͻȻ߽⣬ǴֱֲһΪھ棬Ŀǰ˵ΨެɿƣмͻȻʧƽ˲б
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ҪǵﲻǰҲˡ
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¤һǳƫƧɽڣһ͹ڼӰӵš
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ԷŵһתͷȥֻһڷЦĿ̵㡭˵ʲôҲ·۶ѡ
ƶǵ˷·ûƵãԵ
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⻰һڣԷ졣
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Էһ۵ˣЦЦǻǿȫ
ǵ˰ڰֵˣѾͬգÿԼĻǻǳģֻһЩؼвٲǽ
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ʱдǰߵĽݱݱѩһƮ򳤰ҲԸ˵
ҪΪԭ֮ĵطõģաHެȵָδǼƶȣӦƶȣʵƶҪӺһЩƶȣ͵Ǯȥ֧Ԯǣ͢͵õΣƶȵĻǾԼŰ죬Ǵսԭ򣬾ƶȣ֤ƶǷǳȶģЩ¹붼ͷۡ
ڴС֣СǶһЩʵɣѾΰսĽ衣
ûпЩˣΪ֪տ϶׼ҪģѾеעںϣʱ̣Ӧ׼ŹӲţжĥɱ¿ǲҪӲţһҪⷽ׼ԭһԣֻҪսڲһ
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ǹؼʱ̴̣ˣǷߵʱΪΪʳԹӲŵʵǶ಻ʤ
Ҳ˵벻뷭룬ҲҪźչӲš
Ȼ϶йӲŵ뷨˭λϣȿǵĶǹӲţһģеǣ齱˺˯
֪Уһʱȥˣ
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2052 
λ赹֮󣬴ΪȷΪĵȨһ¶⣬ͽĹЩӵ˸ܱذȥˡ
ѾʧˣΪǵ׻֧̫ӵģⲻվ˶飬ֻǹظûпǵƣңζŵġ
Ҳû˵Ļ䡣
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ǵ
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ĹÿжĲףΪμҪǡ
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⻰˵ãĹǼھΡ
ˣҲʶԼĴǿӲԭĿֱܻΪǳǿƺͼᶨҲŶŽߣ̫ӣͻ治һ
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Ȼۿһ죬ʵʵԭǴս½֮ٽλٻǡǡڲòٸλǰ
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˶ˣʱ׳־棬ľϵʱ⾫Ϳ϶̰ͼֲ֣Ҫ
ŴӦӢţ̫öԴңԹҶãΪʵûƶȵģֱ뽫ȨľƿȨʱҪôǽЩвĴ󳼶ɱˣǸҪôͽȨ̫

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Ӳŵʱ治
Ҳ˵ӮǳĲˬսãһֱѺյļƻǺյļƻͬ䣬ԽԽֻһһ

İûеսϢȵȵʵۼݱϢ
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ֻ֪ͨˣʲôӰ죬ܻӰ쵽ǣҲ󣬶Ҳǿҵġ
ôһЩˣоͲǱˣεȥԤʾһʱĽô¸ʱģڷ⽨Уʵϵģ˭棬ǵϢϢصģصġ
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2053 ûǮǴ粽
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ƃź˿ЦϽǴɱ䣬ҪеķʽЩެʿ
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ƃЦҸѽǰҵϼѽôܹŵȥҿⳡսӦõΪֹǻȥǣͶȻ˵ͷọ̈̄Ҳܹ֤󲿷˵ܵв
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ʱһС˽󽫾߽Ͷ½̫ԭ뺣Ѿ̫ԭ߶
ƃһ̾Ȱʱ䶼޵İ

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ддƃ̫յ˹ͥʱɱǶˣǶٶǰǵֵסյĽű֤ԭûܵսʴ񷴹ʱ򣬾Ͳǣжĥɱ¿
˭֪ƃڴʲô⣬յĴӪϼңάƃ塣
أҴ磬ǸҪǵģʧô󣬲ȥ㶫ôУǳȥˣǿս

ǶƃзŭĿ꣬ϱڲлĺ޿֪ƃȴפͥݣǷȷʵûеʵҲҪɱ䣬ϾҲһˣʵȥһ㶫ѡ
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ǵ㶫ǶԣֻǱˮн
أҵֻԭĲƸ԰Ƕȹѹأⳡս漰㣬¹Ȼ롢گãսϾҪʱضǵԭȥǡ֮ԭҲôǮȥǣСо仰˵úã޵ĺӲ̺ȣڲӦøƃǵνӦøϽдŸ͢ó͢ǮǣҪ¹ȻȣǿûжõģⳡսǿʧģӦø֧Ԯ
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أĿ˼£Сެܵô£ĻֻҪֱۣдŸ͢ȽϿ졣
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һͻȻվŮΪΪҪ£ǸϽȥϣܹ֧Ԯ˵ǱѾȥˡ
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ŴˮѾۿдתˣ¹ȻźݸĹࡢϹǣһֿߵλ뿴¹ȻǱ߸ոԮţǱߴѾһףնżϣܹ͢ԮһЩʳǹҲĵòˡ
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ҲֻǸŭԣѾ۸ˣؼҲûа취
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ԪԪĲҲ㲻ȥˣǱ߳ԪұȡǲƸӦȨ
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Ԫ£ᶨǾͼȥ֮һǾЭԪһǮ͢ġ
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ԪҪΪôġ
ԪĵĿһȵĿԪ
ԪóһݸԪĵղ㣬š
ԪĵϽӹ򿪿
ԪĵĿǰľƣҲ·ˣ˵ʵѾǳǿ϶еĽ䱸ʱǻüֵǵȵһжƽܱ֤֮͢жĥɱ¿ôڲѾĥôǵӦԼڴ͢ʴȣסġ


2054 ӿ
յţԪļ֣¾Ϳ϶϶£ԪټмŵĹɶԪұᡣ
ҲؽΪһʷԵĻ顣
Ԫүӣ
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мŵĹɶԪ˽еЩ졣
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ԪǺһ£ֳЩмŵĹɶѹѹ֣ɣɡ
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ԪԪλǰҪΪǹмδˡ
ҶɻĿ
Ԫּس͢Ҫ˰£Ҳж֪˰ɡ
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˵öܶԣ˰ֻΣķãʵҲνؼ˾ôȥǱҪԼȨӵбԼƸȨԪʱգǹмſǳ͢ծʴΪǹмӦʸ뵽˭Ǵٵľ顣
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ǿ϶֧Ů˵ģʴˣŮ˼λĻͿ޶ȵˣһѵĻᰡ


Ľݸ
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ĽݱڲĿԪܡ
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ĽݱھȵĿԪܡ


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ļ׵͵ҷ˰ɣ֧Ԫҵġ


2055 
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λ棬ǾԲκЭģζǶɽģΪТ壬ЩɶΪƳģǾ֧ġ
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ʵЩ룬ȻҲûдӦˣûƶ֧֣ǹҳòȥֻҪʵȥͿ϶Ҫ´ҡ
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ʵԼҲûзֻ֣ԽԽ
ȻǺֵ֧ģ㺫ղ֧֣ԪҲôΪһˣ϶ǲϵǰߵģܺˣǹģ̫һ̫ƽʢ͢϶ѹǵģԪΪ㹻ʵȥȡĶңҪǴԶС
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Ĺʿũ̵ľ˼άǾǲ̵ģ̫ôܹȻҪȨ
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ԴҪ͢ٵûʺծ壬ȻٽȨ̫ӣھͽȨһ͢أ
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̫˸жҲ˺ܶﱾӵʺ
ңʺִҲĿõİ
ȻҶ̫ӵӡҲǳã̫ӵʼ˺ǵģȻӮˣһҲùҳֳһ״̬սô죿ܱߵǴѾһףЩôЩҪǽãһǿܻġ
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ٴ󳼷׷׵ͷĽݱ˵̫еˣʱȷʵǷǳѵģ߽һƬ棬ûһӦԷ̫Ȼ壬壬ôò̫̤ʵǻʺҿɶѾġ
ؼĽݱȳҲǾʦĽֻǱ˼ګһȼҲһ󲿷ֽǺҪġ
û֣˭Ҳ˵
ͻȻ̫ӼλûʺⲢ̫Ӽλ
Ľݱںߵɲһ̫Ӽλ֮󣬾˭˵㣬ɾͲһˣȻ̫ӣǵĻߣҿɲš
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2056 վ˵
Ľݱ⻰һڣǾû̸ȥĽݱڲĹǣĹҲĽݱǣ̳
ˣʵ߶·ˣﶼԷ϶Ҫصġ
ĽݱһɣǵսɣǵᶨӵȨ
һ㣬ǵӵľ֪̫ӶǲĻ١̫ӶûĻ٣ǣ̫Ӽλ϶ĹǣΪĹһֱᶨӵ̫ӣĹģʱʵ࣬ܲô
Ĺ᲻ǳ
ΣսѾȡʤ۹ͣҲЩλ̫һλĹЩ˵ȴΣգ̫ûмǹǣ˭ܱ֤Ĺǲǡ
ֱӹغǵҲ˵ûʺλֻҪϣô£Ҷ̫꣬Ӵûʺ̫Ӽλ֮£պ˵
ô̬ģǲõģټϣ֧ǣǮһӵžʣǸеʶڳ͢УǡʱǱġ
ϹǼӦһģǾ̫ûеʵȥȻ̫Ӽλûз£Ҳ֪ĽݱʲôЭĻҲûˡ
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˰ϷĴеˣյĴӴ߳
Ǹô죿üʵ
ûб̬Ϊò⣬º񲻲ǴģҲǴģôԡ
΢΢ЦϷ
Ӳһ㶡
е㼱ʲôġ
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ѵǣһǳҪûб̬ô
˵ǣ˫Ŀһ
еͷ˾ȥ֮ȻĳΪһˣҴʱͳ˧վȨûб̬֮ǰʲôᷢġ
˼˵Ҳѽػؼʱ̣ڳϻˣˡ
пˡ

ԭ߶ڵģֻǰнϾĻ߿ʼֱӶڳУҲˡ
ˣǵˣ˶֧̫ӵģΪȻ£ֹ̫ӼλǴ治֮٣ˡġ
ǽչ̽׼ҲʼðͷǼӵ
ʵڹ̽׼ԣǲŲں˭̳дͳΪԼҪλҪȨ棬ǱʿѹãǽʱͬգͻȻԼԭôţXǾͲʿ˵㣬ҲܹǿĺƽһܹԼ׬ǮҪ͢ٺ»š
ⶼʲôͳʿ֮ܶ嶼֧˵ģȻҲкܶຮǱǱߵġ
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ԪվǿǳѾ¶ҪˣǾˣǾԻŪǵġ
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ЩũҲվߵģʵҲˣҪٻصǰǳ͢Ͳӵôأ϶ؼ沢Щʿ˵ǾҪصǰǿģΪũݱȽ⣬ʵǾǵӦùھĴָ˵ϢϢأ˿Ŀͻ
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褲ûǣһǳҰĵŮˣ֮Դҽһ㣬ΪϻصΣ֮·ϴĸ棬ҲǽǼȻҰģǾͲòҲڼȷʵûж룬ʱôһȺ֧Ͳᶯ˭֪

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Ĺһڴ˼ګ˵
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Ĺ಻üͷͻȻľӣƴռпܻ⣬Ŀܻĳ̵ְȻֶͨλģǺյȻҲ⡣
˼ګֵģĽݱǸĻҾƴˣ˺̫ӵġ
ĹȻЩʧҲûа취Ҷıſƣؼ滹һ֧ڣƳսĽ棬̫ˡ

£⼸ôĶô簡
Ԫĵصϣˮֻǲ졣
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˵ǻ쵰νǷ̬Ԫĵֹһ䣬ϻ¶οЦݡ
µԸҪţͿ϶̲סһ֧ģеģֳΪյӣԸһ㶼ûб䣬ϣһŮ˵ʵֻۣ֪ԼݱȽ⣬Ҫ̬Ļ˼ҿ϶뵽ա
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Ԫĵͷ赭д޹أǴǾġ
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ڸʿǶôô΢ǾԼʳæʱ򣬾ǣӶûй꣬ţǻԼƺɡ
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ƽЦҵ˵ˣģҲһ£ʲôġ
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ҵֻ뵽ʺﵽԼĿģΪǳΣѾǾͷȴû뵽һôսⳡսֱǿδйģһ˵õҪ棬ûһսûǧĹծûĿı߾ûǿĹ̽׼
Ϊǣ׼ȷץס˱½еļ㣬ǱµѶϣԼµľɼҪӱжȡȨΨеİ취Ǵһ޷ܵսӶ֮أǷȨҲɻʺǲԼ壬ҲҪȨԼ
еûʺ񣬲ȫŻʺԴǻΣ֮󣬱¶Իʺ϶Ž䱸֮ĵģ˱ǲܷȨġ
ƽٵͷ˾Ʊػֽ־棬µ޷ôģսⳡսԣǺǣǳΣֻѣͲֵһᰡ
Ѿûиˣ˵úܶԣոⳡս˭˸ôڴ£Ѿ򺢶ϣǺʼղ֪⾿ǶԻǴ
ƽٳĬΣЦǺǵһɣڰڸڲ֮˰һõĿʼ


2057 
ʵԭԣʱΨսܹ⡣
ΪԭһԣߵȨУǳܿܣʧߵ³붼ȫ⣬նҪΪ˫֪ʵʴ˲ãһΪԷԲŹġ
֮һ͵ӡ
ΪʲôһҪɱɺԪΪҲ֪ҪǸɱˣһǷ϶ᷴɱġ
޼ɵǳκﻹҪϾɱҲˡ
ʧܵĴ۾
񳤰ѾǰΪʲôʼնأ
ΪеĴڡ
Ǻա
˫ֳ֪֮ʤ֣ҪǲϵĻǾǰ״
ȻǱߵƾûԭ࣬ǣľӣԼƳܴĽǱߣǱ߻ެ¹Ȼ롢գҪǷǳµģҪȺջҪõյĳϣºձʾԼҲУҪձ̬֮˫Ż浶ǹĿɡ
Ҳ£Ǹܾˣ㺫ջ㣬Ϊȴˣˣվкܶѡ
ǺֲڣҲֻܶƣ÷һֶȥԷ
Ǻģ˻ЩģϾѹô꣬ҪЩʿǸô治һʿ϶ָǵıϰߣǴͳ˾΢һȺˣūǺܴ
ƺֶԷҲҶǣ񰲾Ҳҹܣ˵ȻԽԽебѽ΢ľƣ˫λϿʼõƽȣ˵ֻ׼ǣ׼ǡ
ڳʱܱߵս¶Ѿ̽
Hȱƽģȥ֮ǺɨǧHǻ֣Hûг𣬶¾ʹڸսʵ̫˷ˣһȵִ̫ԭʱެѾˣҲһϢʵƃ壬û򣬷Ļͽˡ
ձԽҵϣܹƃ̸ͣһº͸٩̫ԭҲˣ֪ƃ飬Ƕº͸٩϶ǽ飬ҪٲͶ϶Ǵɱ䣬ǸϽƃͶ
ǵҲӦҪٲͶͿܻ塣
ƃϽӹöӱ̫ԭȥ
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ЩֻṆ֮̀ô죬⻹õȳ͢
ǵĲǳ͢μݱϢԼеڶ
оУֻÿףƃ޵˫Ŀͨ죬϶űʹ֮顣
λȵ۶ǿɶǶɽȵ۵ΣҲûǽգȻȵ۸ոȥо˸Υȵ۵گ谭̫ӵǻΪӦøϽس
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ⷬҸеΪǲĹôһĻĹȨ̫ƽˡ
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ƃæҿû˼
һĹȨǾƲŹֽ񷴶ǵˣΪǻк³𣿴󽫾ɲҪǣܹ֮Ӯһ̣ȫƾЩں֧ǣҲȡԼȨ棬ǿɲ尡
˵աͥݡ¹Ȼ롢ެѾǶϱڲлвսܾͻʱҪһλڵ쵼ߣǴ̶߳ΪĽݽҲкܵӦüûʺȶȹѹأ̫Ӽλ
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Щ佫ҲɵǷǳΣյģвȫĽ࣬μλʱ򣬶佫λģǲ佫ڷ
Ҫ˵ЩĳĶ֣óóȻȥ̫Σա
ȻһսǶںյֶóϷıƣǺռֱһĴڣǾھӦŽںߣźߣٲᱻ˺ˣǮ
ĹȻҪҲ˵ȫСȥЧҡ
ȻƃϣܹϽȥѾͳһʶһеһеȺջƃҲûа취ôҲͳ˧ʱ˿Ӧġ
ںҲѾڻ¹Ȼ·ϡ
Щǿ쵶ն飬Ĳģÿ죬ô˾һطʱһãʳ϶ãЩ壬ūһȫǿСΪūʯǰɱ˲ٷŰɱūūʿ߽
㲻ɱģҲѺԭͬʱͷŲūؼң˻غأ˻غأūͻȥһЩʳ
Ȼְ䲼ƣطָЩǣҲǰūǣͻֺˣǻصԼԭȾסĵطھصˣƸԭһԵģģԶģΨһ֮ڲ׼֮ûиأ߷ĻôؾͲġ
˵ףǻǵøɻʳ
ެûдʲôսܿͽˣ¹ȻһһͿɱôū壬Ū˺ܶʳǽеʳָǣұ֤֮ǲҪ˰һвƸԼģκ˶ܹǵĲƲ
ެյȻǳˣһӲӵأһҪ˰жԼǲҪ̫ˬ
ǱϾһū£ͻȻû˹ǣҲǲеģǿܻ᲻֪룬Ա׼ˣԱ
ЩعԱʱҲЩԱЩԱЩūĲ죬Ҳ»⣬ЩعūУŷǳߵĵλ쵼ūģмƽ⣬վ͸ӷġ
Ҳެ߻ʿЩҲҪԷģԵȵԱǶūؼ̷֮¹Ȼ롣
Ȼެڳе£ָƣǼ֣еżҪġ


2058 䲻ԭʼ
ڻص¹Ȼ֮󣬺ĵһ£ǽЩս¹ȻС
ǺҪ£Ͼެ¹ȻѾǽѪܵøܺһɣôҲܺ˵¹ȥˣǹȥˣ˵ެΪǴûеұ̫ƽˣ¹ȻΪܹ˽ᣬ²ǹȥˡ
ǵһеķʽս
ͻʵʱܹڳգԭĳˣμˮʱûɱˣƵ۹ûɱ
ȻϾܵһЩ緶ʲôƽϣҪԭ򣬿ܻΪʱҲÿǵͻʰյĸܣǶɱˣЩİգ϶Ը⳼һҪģôͻʵĻƽ壬ֹļȥΪʱԭܲǱߣֻܲȡƶȣΪ˴룬ûɱԼЩ塣
ʵɱ˵ĻսɱģǾɱ˲ͻʹ壬˾ɲĴģĻǵ
֮ƃʷǶŶЩЩΪºͰ
ɼκ¶ģ걾һɫͳ˧һӹɵģԸ񣬿ܻٻسЧԼ
Ǻղνǻǹ͹ҵʱҲҪ̫ͳ˧ѹƾˣõɷУɱ˳ɷУ쾭֮£ֻҪ֤ݣǾӲɷУʵҲһͻƣҪԭ򣬻Ҫ¹ȻһγޱҪΪʷ
Ȼ¹Ȼ뷽ΪԲɱǣǺҲνǸǴˣԼŰɡ
¹Ȼ¶»޼Ǻ֮ǣɱйˣǾܽﷸ̡
ܵܣԼ԰Ϊ׵ȶʮ¹Ȼ뷽̣ĵصڰɽڣԴȪ»޾԰Ϊɣ¹Ȼģңÿζǣ˰Ĺ弸Ҳ̡
ʵǺȽжǰûȥ飬ȻĻ¹Ȼ뷽ƻȫд̣ެش¹Ȼʣһຣζÿζȴ¹Ȼ룬еԹޣ֪
֮գܶǰۿ޵ãЦãͳͳС
ҲĿģйԼĳޣ߲ٽΪެѾưͼ
֮ҲУ׼һβ׵£Щ˿ɲΪôȥˡ
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С磬¿ɲܾôأ
ոոأǷǳǵļ԰Ǹջ٣ǧİʧɱ˳һ£⳥ǵʧ
ΪʲôأǸϵ¹ȻգҪ֪ȻͥݻһУվյսﷸǸʵ¹Ȼ뽫ǮҪˣ¹Ȼɶܺߣôµһ̸ɲܷȺ󣬱ϾҲ֪ԭҲıȽϴʲǷǳԣ
ҲǼƃþֵͦģҾ֮ʱȻ׼ǽյ̫ƽˣǽǴǵȻҪ⳥
ŮƺĲɣһԡ
ǲެҪǮɽƧܹóǮ͢ҪǮʵû͢ӳô
ûУȥźʯһ㣬͢ŶûУ˵
أֹ
ʵ˵ʲô
أڨڨ˵¼ݱˣ
յԭҲ֪
أһΡ
̾˿ʵԭ㴦Щµģ뾡취ǰܼ򵥣ԭôҲţȴżҶǴƵӦ໥ǡ
ԶԶԣǾ˼أֱͷ
յڻ·ϣ˵˺ܶڳϢҲ˵һЩҪ֧ԮȵýЩ¸Ūˣ˵ˣдŹȥһлӦģĿǰ͢ҲǸծۣҲòôǮ
أҽŵǺã
æȱţ͢ȻûǮԭҪʣֻЩҲ޳ǣʵѾǺܶܶˣôģɽЩ̷Ŵɳ֧͢еϢŽеĴȥԭйҪʣȻЩӶذհǻָһٿԱסղܼȻҲյİա
أţǵȻϣų͢޳֧Ԯ
ֵλӦûǣʵϻһΣֻʱ͢ǮػˣǵõʱҲǷǳԸɽأڻʱ򣬶ԼǮΪʵ̫ˣǵǮڵʱǶԣʲô
Ǳ֤֮ǽԶս֮ǰҪԣĶ࣬ЩǮҲʲôôʵҲûа취Ϊ͢ûǮֻܹǣ͢ǿ˽˽͸ǣֻô죬ңҽнǮǣҵȻðǸҪԣǾû취Ǯ
أһǱծͻȻҲֵͦģǮʱȷʵûжĸоΪʲôأ
ܼ򵥣ʱ
Ϊս̫ǿԾۼǳܹһжʱһչǵǮ͸㲻ʲôջǵǣ񻹶һյӺջҲȫҵⲻṩԴͶһһгչĺãǵĲƸᷭġ
أȨ죬ջǵͷӦ
յڳǱҲУʱ޷УĿǰÿԼǵþһŬȥƷȻָһЩһȥ֮󣬽͢Ͼͻзſǣ˽Ҳ׼á
أüõȶð
̾˿ҲǺһġ
أǲ磬Ҳûа취ΪҲһЩ֪յѴЩⲻյ߾ͲִеĬĬ֧ԭˣʵֻдƵĸΪԼǴƵİգŴƵĻʵ˭ǻ治Ǻ⣬ϲƶȣ͢òǮ˿óǮǣǵȻϣʤҪˣǿɾˡ
⵱Ȼͼƻõģղֻⳡսսˣսʵȡرʱ
һ֧ԭˣԴ賯͢ѹôҲ˶ɱˣҪ˶ɱˣ϶ˡ
ϣҪþÿסЩԼЩոռҪЩطԭ߶ȵôЩȫҵʱһʱͱԭΪҡƷԭԭгȫг
ԭĹʣʡΪԭģѾԭǰģȫΪս׼ģҴģĲȻǶȥðҵЩ
ɼԭʼۣҪڱ棬ԭ˸ոѾԭʼۣʵǳΣֻ𲽣ⳡսǳ׵ԭʼۣһٿϣȻĻЩҲʿа塣
ȻյļƻߵһǴķ㣬Ҫһ̡
ȵأǳȥ֮󣬺ͻȻڱһֱĲɵŮŮڵĳô
ŮһۣȻͷԭǷǳеģ֪ҪǴãǷǳġ
ճƬ̣Ů֪ҳɹؾ
Ůһ㶣Ȼ֪ǲ֪ǷԸ֪
պǺǵʵҲ㲻ʲôؾܼ򵥣ԶһȽãΪòãҲһᵽģ㲻һ㣬ôԶǺڰģһ㣬Զǹģֻһʱģܻȥģܻеģôᵽġͬԣڵôѵ£ǴƶͦˣҾͲѻ򵹴ơȻµȥҸеܱˣҶڴƵδȴڴ
Ů˼ΣͻȻЦһУһʺҵĳɹؾ
ô죿մ㵵
ŮһЦǼֻҪкСڣͻᵽԺСټ죬һԽԽõġ
Ƭ̣ÿɵñҳꡣ
԰ԼȹЦ
ŮҲڴЦţ͸һ˿Ρ
һͻȻʲôƵãˣެѾƶȣ¹ȻҲ벢ơ
£Ƕôô
Ůͷ
һҲܹ⣬µõȵȷ֮󣬲ܹȷ¡
Ů̾ϣܹ
ղĿŮ
Ůʵ⼸꣬һֱлسͷҾ̫ˣҪϢһ¡
̾ʵҲǣҲˡ
𣿡
Ůȵ
յͷʵȨҲô£һ¾ˣлкֵܶܶȥ׷顣
Ůֱͷ֮ǰżһͼĻʦԭһֱĵĻһĻĻǳĻҵʱ룬Ҳδɰ
պǺǵͼԭУĴ󻭼ңٰһλչȥĻɶûǮ
𣿡
ѽҾǳа췽Ļչ׬˲Ǯ
ŮһЦѹ֣ѹ֣¹Ȼ룬İգΪֻҪСմϱߣ֪ˡ
չЦ
ԭôෳȫһŮܷģǺ˰죬̱
Ȼ־ǡǡ¹Ȼ롢İҪģʱ򣬰Ա۵飬ǷǳģֹϣΪʵ̫ˣһǸı䲻ΨһܹıԼ̬㻳һֹۡϵ̬ȥδδŻøá


2059 ƴ
ʵŮ˵òǿʵΪƬϣ̫漣¹ȻôԣҲΪյİ˴ҶںǷǳεģûкյ죬¹Ȼİղûš
˺Ůȥຣ赱صİգǣȼţҪǰĶϱڲлŵһȥԮͽᵽδֻԽԽá
ܼ򵥣ǵصİնܹ裬һͷͷǺСĳŵǾֵȥڴġ
Ǻղδ¹Ȼ̫ãָȥͥݣǱҲڽһУǶսС
յެһެȫ컻գͳͳһʣĳɹûسǶչĻͦƴģû˵ȫ㺫룬ƃʷȺ˽ҲӦģʵձҲһˣŷֿģҲ˵޵ֵزֻȥ㶫֮䱾Ҳˡ
ʵҲûбҪϾɱެǱûа취ڸԭϣһԱȽϷյĵóԿչģҪƴĻūܿͻᷭģýȫյĻڲԭϣڱϣֻҪʱ룬յܿͻʱġ
еֻǱڶЩͷµˡ
հǷǳ֧֣ҲƵЩϣǲ̵ģǿǴ̣Ƕ
ǽƣ
ԭӦ˼ģϾԤʾսĽƾͳ˧ڸЩȫأԼȥС
ðܵķʽ漤ͥݰյĺգŪо
Щ£
һУʷͱԹ
մ㵿һۣǳƵҲ£Ӧùʲô£ּ˴ףŶһǣͻȻݱҲеܱˣҲ룬Ϊʲô»ͻȻݱΪⳡսôǲսˣսֻǶԵô
Ѧʹ֮иҪ£Ҫϡ
ŵǱֵ֮ɱ˵һûյ
ƿһۣ˰Σ̾˿˵ҲǺͿѽ̫һ㣬ҶѾװˣǻۣǸ㲻ףǲô
ƃü˻
տЦûж飬ǺôҲǴĳѽ˭մ߶ûк³ģڡ㡡Ѧ򳹣Ȼ볤޼ɡá襣˵¸ô죿
΢΢üôһ룬ȷʵı߶Եģң̩㡶ûк³϶޼ɸˣڵҲк³
ǻ佫ǽȥܲ¼
Ѧʹ˼ǣǾ͵֪
̾˿Ҳ룬ֻǡֻ롭ǸպòУİţôǾս´þˡˣˣʵ˵ɣҿµҪѽЩӵ£ɶһߣҪǹҲˣһŮѽҡϣܹҵѴ
Щ룬ǶǳӣһôҪûѴ
ƃȴԴǵôܹô룬ȵ۶֪֮ûȵۣûգʱܹأ
ϼһǲζҾĲζҪζҿɾݲȥˡյȵʱҲǾľΪȵ۷ǣһ̵ΪȵۣΪ˹ңͦҲ£ΪսϣԼģҪǴˣҼˣϡǳ¾ûô򵥣ǼֱЩ󳼵ķĹҪô죬ǵ£ǰﴦսˣͬʹࡣ
Щһ͸ˣն³֪ǶôĿֲҲͬʹࡣ
ͬҲǸոջмͻȻվΪԼܹô
ûҪҵĻҾԿԶ治֪ǵһԼ԰ʦسͳ˧ǹҸѣǸҪҵĸܡ
ʷһ⻰ȺգûмŻسС̫ƻѹڵģƾϣȻȥ
мɲô˵Ǵʱѡôǲ˭ʤˣǺǵģʵûѡ񡣡
Ὣ֮ǻȥĻǿҳоƵģ˻ԼУǴʱ̬ǿ߶
Ѧʹǵ޶ɶڳѽ
ԲüͷƺԵЩԼǰһ˿ɣúðΣʵΪõΣ
ƃ̵Ȼӵ̫ӡ
̵ҾӦüûʺôҲ̶̫߳ӼλҪǴЩ£ǲôѡûκ塣
վȵԭûͳһ
ʷߵҪͳһˣѽ
Ŷһԭ˧ô°ҿɲԴְҲ˧
ʷٺһЦƤյԣǶһȺ򣬲һף治Щĳôƻҵ˼ǣǸڴЩ£㱾ͳ˧ʱȻ㷢˾
ɲô˵հڰֿ֣мὫ˫ȫҾÿὫͷ뵱Ϊһ뵱ͳ˧ô
ʷмһ۵ҪĻͲᱻᵽˡ
мεˣ޴ӷΪʵҪǺձѾˣԼ̫ԼҲǷǳɲᵽʳȥѽ
ʷ䲻ͷ¾͵ô˵Ǿô
еĽա
Ҫ֪һսǶԺͶѽֱ̫ţˣ˿ǲŸոշ˼ҺվռެĶǣսת۵ҲǺյĵ
⣬һֱڳУΨкһֱͦţ帮ڡ¬춼̣ĵģģǶ簡ڼǿɶʳһҪߴǾȫĽ࣬ټϷźôһŻ͸ûˣؼջŻǣʵݵģڡѦ򳹡޼ɵ˾ǲʹĽѵ
οʻûг޼Ǵ
ؼһ𣬵ǶԸԺհ
ΪѵҵĹܲԣǲͬģ
⵱ȻУֻŪҲˡ
ĨĨȱңԽңԽš
̽ͷת⣬Ĳˡ
ղûЦĵĺˡ
˽ʱҼջûж͵͵عͷֺһ󺹣Ǹûףνϸ˼֣ԽǷǳֲģôೡҲδ³
ҶˣЩ͸ûģҴźա
ֹһӣͻȻλûһ㣬ΪܹӮһ̣
ʷֱ˵ϣǶ׹˭Ҳģǿ㣬¾֮ô㶼С
շ°ۣ׹ƨެԼֲȥŴڲ߽ģҸʲôûǱЩŮϹ˵ⳡս۵ʤؼڴҵļ֡ǵսڣǺѹǳѽǶʲôǼ
Ѧʹ˼ӦǶ뱻ެͳΣʴ˲ܹһġ
ôһյ֮ΰĹңǼȥÿʵΪԼսΪΰҶսΪǼǲֿܹס˵Ĺƣǲֵܹʤ
ڽ˼ĵͷһսȷʵǵĹԺǱ£ƾȻս𲨼ԭʵ̫ǿˡ
ƃȷˣ£֮ûйϵ
յôģΪʲôܹӮⳡսΪǸվһ𣬸վһģǲŻʤȻܹ˷ѹأôǲҲܹǴýأţ߰Ǹܰĸ϶˵ģΪβȦǲôѡ񣬶һҪΪҺãֻйԽǿ󣬰ԽԣǲŻãҶˣҲ϶ûʲô³
мͷ֮
ѦʹӦôأ
յһ㣬ǲܶþ¡
ڽʿһ㶣ǲӣ˭ὫǷ
յ֪ǵĵǣ뿴þӣǺܾܿͻսĿǰģǴҲκһսοԭսΣһ֣öЩ󳼣ⶼֱܹˣֻܹЩԼϧԼݲ±ˣʥƣʩˡ
ǽһһǲõĽһʳģ޼ɾõӡһַǳûںģ˵ὫĲܣڶѾ˫ȫ࣬ڻ£ǵʱֻΪһ仰ͲɥҪĻôսֿܾͻдһҪȥڹǷǳġ
һ£帮ˣôɱΪζӦǴ󳼵Ϊ֣ǶԣǲƽģΪʲôǽջе˺£ʵӵ̫ǷǳȻģǻǷǳ£Ϊԭ򡣡
ҷ׷׵ͷ˵̫еˣһȨӣܵѡվڶǴ󳼣һˣ塣
ߵƃڿڵֱ˵ɡ
յȣ鳯ɢڸ֪ʲôǴŴȥǶ̸ֻ˵˭ʵǿ󡣶ңЩ˿ܻỳҪ췴ǲҪ췴ֻҺãǵһȫС
мնƵƵͷǾ֮飬Ȼ
ҪŴȥȻģҲδӻȥ
ǻ˵£ͳ˧鳯˭ܱ֤ղأ
ôߣվһ㣬ԭҲ֧ģҪеҰĵĻпܳɹģǺվȻҪ󲻴ӻȥǸ߷ڣҲ֤ǰ˵ЩͳͳǷԷθûƭǣΪ˹Һá
ԹҲûĸͳ˧һ
ⵣǵǲӻȥҲὫǷ
յҪþȥ⣬ǻЩɴһ㣬ֱɱȥˡǾҪսɱǲôģǲȷǶģǺֲܿġʵҲǷǵҪӲɣΪЩڳеڳҲеλһûоӣǵĻҲǾصģǲҲġ
Ѧʹ֮أ
֮͵ȿ֪ҲǺܶ࣬Ǳ˺ƵġյҪͳһ˼룬֮ľǶҪҵȻһ㣬ǲܱ䶯ģˣǱض´ң˭ʵۣһҪסҡΣ֤ûڴ˴ɥʵ˫ûдҲûзǾͲӦܵƲãǱҪ֤ܽһܹ˾ְΪЧֻҪһ˶ǾͻƬĵ
ҿȽѣǲˣҲѱ˼Ҳǣ⣬ֻҪǾԼǱǴܣǾһű𡣡
˵úܶԣҪʾ⣬ͬʱҲܽϣǵϣҪ취ȷκ˶޷Է
а취
ûУ
ҡҡͷΪҲֻܻȥ֮󣬸ʵ취ܵһУǲ֪ôȥ취
Уôɡʷöͷˡ
ƃԥҲ԰ɡ
佫ˬһЩңն£ǻʲô纫յɱֵǮˣյĹҲǴˡ
Ӵг֮󣬺һĨЦ⣬ҵһóдκκģǺǣҲһֱκµģֱժʤĹʵ
ѲӣؽԣٹһЩķݣЩ붼ԭǿɲ²ȥ޲ֱǾ͵ȡģ÷שߡľͷȥ첹ⲻʲô¼һֱˡ
ΪԭĴͳΪҺ͵ҵ˼붼ᳫӣԼ£˼Ĺ£ǾͲԸ˷ѣã֮鲼ҳɾĲյֽŹľֽţⶼǱΪҵ֮󣬴ҸۣҲڸĽõļ÷ĲݣҲԿǰġ
ɲǺմģǺԽߣû治һԼˣ˷ѣ˵һУԲλࡣ
ΰңν˲ȥϲأ
¬ӣ
Ȼ䣬ռ¬ʦԴǰҴ߹Ǽæ
С磿
¬ʦͣ
ռæ˹ȥ¬ӣҪȥ㣬ϾҪʦسˣҲ׼һ¡
¬ʦ԰ڰֵҸǿ»ùһٻȥ
վȵΪʲôѵôߣ룬Աܹһô
¬ʦЦǵҲǣֻһξεĹУҩµҽ˵ҲǲЩҽǲûо̫ʵ飬ûжٰգϡ
˵꣬ձҲֲǣҪѡǾƻø׵ķʽ
ɲġ¬ʦԿЦҡҡͷǵһ꣬۲ЩߣȷĿˡˣһȥԱ
˵ţ㼱Ҵҵ뿪ˣ֮⣬ҲڸֻǸһ
տȥıӰǲ¶ԳЦ⡣


2060 Ҳ
ȻҶѾɹʶԺհǾ²˳٣Ͻʦس
ΪҪǲĻʲôҲ첻ˣҲûκ壬ֻĸʳ
µҲܣÿ춼Ҫ֪ǵļ˿ɶڳ
ң붫֮ʱÿͳ˧سһ¾Ϳ϶࣬ûʵվһȥλӡ
ʵҲǺģ⵶˭Ȼ͵˭ġ
ңʱΪڼ̳һ£оһ̸ֱ£ûоʱ̣Ǵʱ̰
ȻȻķѡмԳߡն˼ء
ԤʾǵıźһسҪ֪ݾ۷ݾ¹Ȼһ𣬾Ѿռ˴һϣǴӹֻƳͲԸʮıǵս˼룬һսʮǼޣٶĻӶսӳк;еĸȻлɶǱߵı
Ȼ뾩֮ܵ󣬺ǽ鳯鸮ȫؼңĻ¤ݻ¤ݣȻҲһЩǮҳŵȻس֮з͡
Ǳ߳˵ҪʦسһƬڣѾӢΪһ壬ΪɽѣǺȫӢ۵ľ飬ŵʲôزкڣƾͲܿ塣
ͳνײеÿˣ߶Ǳýģʳ
ǶںǼڴֺ£ΪҪҲֻҶֻ֣ܽǷǳܵģҪǺֲ̫һ㣬бȻռţսͳ˧ɶں£ҽҲв˶ƃǵϲ¡
һվȻɢˣⱾҲǺģΪʲôƶȣΪ˷ֹӵأʱ̣ô̫ˡ
á
Ǹ߷ڣ˾岻ѣĳ簡
ĹŴϢʱȻ𾴰
ƵƵͷƾһ㣬ͳȡ
յ̫˼룬ЩǣǷԷθľ庫գӹľûм˿纫һ㣬˵첻췴㲻췴ҲԽӴ޿ɺǵģҶܹ⡣
ȫһֻǾұΪʲôȨ
ϹͻȻλɼվߵġ
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Ϲǵô˵̫Ҳͳ֧˵Ļôܲ鳯֧̫ӵģôͲҪ鳯Ҳܹ̫Ӹеġ
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˼ҵΪǴŴģ֧̫ӣ̫Ҳе°
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磬⾿ô£ǿǽϣںϣȴԶ˫ۣû֧֣Էѽ
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ԪҲǽüͷҲȻôǾ;Ầǣôһĵ
Ԫ׵ʲôŴʲô¶˵½øӸӣ޷ΪʲôҪô
Ԫˣֻܾ䡣

ôڴǷǳģ˸ۣ֮ǰҶΪտ϶ͳ˧˵Ҳô߰˳ɻ
⺫ռǹԱˣôѡ񶼿ԣô˭ϣվǱߡ
ʴ˴Ҷںսɢﶼǻûʧ
Ҫ֪ڼķͣѾﵽˮݵĵزֶһʼͲֻͣԽԽݣѾǵȻĵزʲôܣһһרעʿǶֱǮԱ֧ԼҼӴѧԺľǹھѧԺ
ĹǼǾ
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ǹŵĿȻͻȻС
ôĲԼıȨǡƃǵıȨЩδػƴӣлǹ֣ͲҪȨڼ֮䣬Ϳϣװһ֧ǿľ˵Ѿǹڶ˵˳Сǽƻ͸
ԽԽǵǣΪʲôһ֧ԻǹģΪ˵ֻҪѵ죬֪ʲôʱʼģҲ֪ж̫ˡ

գڣֻٰڵ·߼еӭͬǣƃһ۾ܹ߶ĸо
ұͳһŵɫźڰɫʽ̣Һܶ˶Ŷ̷
Ŀ϶ǶˣɫĶǹɫˡ
ƃǴӵ·м߹ʱ򣬶ܹо߷ŭĿڿײѳ
ҲԹδй˵ĶΪǶǹԱǰգԱϡƽģ˶Ƿǳټżܹ
ԴˣƃǱеǡ
ҲûлΪѦʹǶȫףսף˴ͷɢűʹ֮飬ûп֮ʦָо
Ҳ̫˼һշһȱȽϱˡ
·ϵһùڣпһУпһһܹǣȫǰյϲ뱯
֪Ϊջվһأ
вʵʱѡվ
΢΢һЦҲǣԼķǳڴô
ֹܶ˶ڴźյı̬ȻûоӣϾǴսĴ󹦳߻һȺַǳߵͳ˧ı̬أҪû˸Ҷ϶ѡһߣҲһˣһֱ֧ˡ
ĹǵûгȥӭӣεǰȺźգΪûлʵۣ֪ջ϶ģȻĽݱһҲڣǾһ뺫ս̸
ʵʵۼݱͲڳģϼ궼Ǻģʾˡ󳼡նȵ۵Ĳ֮飬⹬Ҳһרŵİ취֤ʬ岻á
֮ԻΪû룬һûǮûˣնӪ첻ա
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ĹǲԼͬĲĿȥһֻһ߿ţһ߷
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޵˺ѷΣһ߿ޣһ߻ԼԴ
ĹǼգ
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ͻȻվߵײȥ
ǽҸŻˣ
ÿѦʹǸոսһѾͽոסѦʹľͬһֻûȻҪǿѦʹߣҲȥײ
ĹҲųһ亹룬ѵɢĿľҪΪѳ᣿
ǸϽǰο¸ոȥƿɶָ㣬ű¶Ķ飬ɵñ壬򲻿Ѱ̼
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ո޺ֲҲТĳӣкϣſңҪ£Ҫȥ
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ĹࡢĽݱվһԣȫ岻죬Ҳôʱ˿̣ǿҲû̸Щ£Ҳֻա


2061 գʤȯ
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УոίҶ޻ȥˣΪҵӣοһôأ
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ѩյĺθˣ˿ĨĨһ񣬱ģؼ̫죬ͷӦ¶˸顣
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ֻͺǣС٤˽٤ŴӴš
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ȴǴֵѾϰˣصŵʱ䶼ġ
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̾˿ӦõģҲҲһϷߣ֮ʲô飬ôܹ´ڡ
һ˵ţһԪĵ˵ԣʸģǶôɣôںҡԪǶôĺãΪҵķˣӦõģҪκɣδηΨи
˵ţϸϸ֦ϡ
Ԫĵգ⻹ˣת֦ӵһԣ㳵ԭΪҺãǲŮˣҲңҵ»ôҾǲףΪʲôҪô֪ôڽе˶Ƶ±ϣڵĵλô
£Ƶ㲻ûûбҪôΪ˺ð
ԪĵŭЦúúãϴһĺ֪Ǿʲôô
տЦҲҪƵ±ϣѾվ±ϣҪǸ
Ԫĵôûиоվ±ϣ
Ϊûλϡ
̾Ϊ˿һһԭ͹ΪôĹͣնΪӢۣǹ߸ɵйرʱܹѹסң»ʵأѵͲеѵǳ޼ɡô
Ȼѵıλ·ǲòߵģ̫ʥȥ֮󣬳ǿľǳ޼ǣҲֻпǲܹ¼λ̫Ҫλұͦθ󳼣ǳ޼ɡ³Ҳˣǳ޼ɵ׻ǻʵ۵׾˾ѽֻһʵﻢѽ
Ԫĵԣɫ΢˼֣ҲԽȨ£һֱҲôģ޼Ը㽫Ȩ£Ҳôġ
ЦûȨĳ޼ɣҪȥԸôΪ˰ȶȨڡȫ¶ٳˣҪôĻȨ޷ȶģһôˣͲܹʧȥȨûѡġ
Ԫĵü
յоԪԼȫµˣʵôǿʹǲѵ͢עⲻôϾ͢Ƿǧѽκһ׼չʱ򣬾ͱҪӵȨԼĻ͢ǿ϶Źǵġ
ܼ򵥣ֻɱһգҾܹ֮ƣ˭ȥģټϳ͢ôѡȻȨĻǿԱģȨȥ͢һǶ֣ڵǻǱⲻ˶ˡ
ԪĵʵӣҲΪ㰡
յθһȫĻ
Ԫĵʵıλ
ҡҡͷֻΪȡһӰȫĻҪվ±ȥĿǰһǳõĻᣬˣͲˡ
Ԫĵʵаգ
Цô˵ˣʤȯգȻĻҲ˼㸺ﰡ

ƃ
үҰ
š
ƃǰˣʵ֪ʮʲô
ǽ֪̾˿ѾֶŵĽӵĽݱڵģǶĶӵĹǵģЩ˶ҹߣţ·һ紵Ǿͻ̿ս
ƃüΪǿɷǷ±
С֮ѵģΪѾôã˭֪±Ǿ·һ
ƃǳ̾һ


2062 ԺΪ
ա
ѽʱأ
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ԪĵǿֵĴ֣ߺҲ𴲣ǻЦǵġ
úǺһЦͻȻÿԪĵǾµµ̲סһڣʵĵ֪˼
ԪĵһĿ
յ³ЦǣҶҪñʱͿԺݺݵıǲǺܰ
ͷԪĵһһӵĻ⣬Щ𴲡
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պͷ
Ԫĵֱۣûа취
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պٺЦţҲûзϡ
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´ĿԪĵĵ㣬ҿ֪ԭ߻ģҪӦһ㣬Ū»ض֪ôء
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ǶѾȥˣҪġһĵͷ
²˵ʲô
Цʵأ
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ѩЦ˵ֻҪڼǣǲҲС
յҵȻҸǣУԶǵһλģ˭Ҳȡġ
û˵ô㣬Ҫ㣬ᱻ֪磬ҾͰ㵲ˡ

Ҫ٣

պٺһЦȥǣǴ齫ҸոջЩſɵ͵㻨ǮҰ
磬ɾûôɣΪ졣
յĹʱݱ˵ĿⶼЩͳ˧棬ҪĵȻǺգϧǣԺձ˹ȣл⣬Ŷý
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Ҳûа취ʵȥǱ˹ȣδ֮С
߶ֻĵȴţȻûдҲҪǳĻ˭ܱ֤Ϊǵһ仰ǵ򣬶ңûб̬˭Ҳ֪վıߵģһվߵģôҲõȵձ̬
󹬡
˵ƃǶŲҲͣ
š
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ˣͻȻҧҧǿɺޣҲá
ҲһҲҶҰ֣ԼȻ֧̫Ӽλ˶֧ģǰҲҰĲû˻ģĻ̫Ǳ߿϶ҲᶯȻĸӣ֮ǰ
Ҳȥ̫ˣΪӵ˿ɶˣ̫ˣ˶⣬ҿܻᱬս治ҲõȺձ̬
ܲˬ̱ѹһֱǣűߡ
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һСһŴţŶˣעǰǰһ˵ҪҪȥǣ

һһ̧Ҫȥʹġ
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Ѧʹһ㲻ʲôؼôǶ˷ôƻ棬ʵвʰ
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ƃѦʹ˺յĻǱʤǴ䣬ΪǶڴƶǳҪ
ҡҡͷѦԲӣûӦΪ˶ģΪ˶ҾΣˣǵĺעҪսС
ƃˬֻһȺ򣬿ɲ̸Уǿɶհ
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ϹҲȵ۴Ƕȵ۵گ̫ӼλһʺҲ֧̫ӵģλɲܹȵ۶鰡
ֱӵҿЩ˸ıҪǵĹ
յͷλʲôҺǲñ֮ôҵȻ֧̫ӵģӹɵġ
ĹԣϲʲôӦ̫Ӽλ
Եͷֵðһ䣬̫Ӽλ֮ǴδĽݱڵˣ
Ľݱִ治֮ã
ƃѦʹԣüͷ
ϹΪĽݱڵûʲôϸʵӦԪңֱ˵֪Ԫǧ˿ƵĹϵԪ̫ӦˣԸ̫Ӽλҵȱ֤ԪһģֻҪǿϸĹ¡
ҪĻҾͳˣյͷɣȥԪǱ̸̸ǷԸòһϣԺΪ󰡣
Ĺ̵Ȱ⹦Ҫ췴
ԸңǴͳĶˣͲ̫ˣӼʥ˵öǶԵģ˾СˣΨͼ壬Ҳ
ϹǸæȻȻܹԺΪҵҲǳ⣬һоȫˡ
֪շǳԪңɲܵȵ̫Ӽλ֮ˡ
ҾΪЦŵͷ
뿪ˣٺȷ̬ǵġ
ƃߵϹǻαȨҿǱⲻһɱ¾
Ѧʹͷ̾˿ʵ֪Բ
ҡҡͷʱûУȼĽݱ˵ɡ
˵ܲ٣ܲٵĹǸߣĽݱڡá͸ϵ


2063 㵽Ҫ
Ժڣ϶ֵģȻˬĹȡ
ҲͦдԵġ
ĽݱڴžǳеӥɣҲ˵ǾɣΪžʿǾ̣ʴһһֱǸĳģǾͷǳǿӲ磬𳶵Ǹɡ
ôųеɣɾǴֹ֧̽׼ģΪԹ̽׼ΪҪ׼ұøӸǿǶڹǸģûйϵǵ˼뷢˸ı䣬Ϊǵһ
ȷʵ̵𣬴ܶܶĸı䣬зԵģͿ϶ֵ֧ġ
ǳʱڳвɱһɵĹԱҲһֱǻ²㣬ֳ֮ɾȻԼҪٹ˼ʲôܶࡣ
ƳĵܵܣͬʱҲǳҧϲ£һɷԵȨƶȣΪҲųҧӵμλ²ؼңͶǽػΣʷǺ³һսһֱûлڽеεĶһЩ޹ؽҪְλûʲôʵȨǶѾҧºֵζΪβûɱĶȣĶȣʹ˼ʹǴĲԸ̫ӣ̫ǽТ飬壬ǵʱμλʱҲТҲ飬ȫˡ
λǿǧĹЩˣվʺȶס˳٣ûûҹ֧ǰ߽ʿͷˣǴӮһ̵ġĹأҴƲ֮⣬ʲôûս´ˣƾʲôָֻš֧ǵĻ尡
Ľݱһ˵ôֱס
ǰߴ̣ں֧ǣҪǰǣʲô
õĹѾҪѹˣһֱߣǱ۵ģ˵㣬ǣǾԼһֱ֧ߣҲΪ̽׼ܹұøӸǿɱƭˡ

յͷ֪ﶼ׵ĺܣ֪ǣ֧ǣǴôأ
̵ûʺ񣬽ĹǶҰ
üæⲻƲΪӦüߣ׳̽׼ĹڳУֻᰭְţղôҲƵôġ
ͷƃѦʹ˶񣬲ŵɣٸĹ̸̸ܷò
Ľݱڵⶼͽ͵ģԸòҾնԼͷ­̲ˣֻܶ
Цԭо仰
ɫһϲҲ˵վߵģǵһȫƾ
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Ҳ뿪ٴӺյվǱߵġ
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յҪǼ򵥵ĻҲֲǳ档
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Цһ㣬ȨھȨ໥ƺķʽһ˫ӵһȨΪⲻõķ˫ӵоȨĻôܾܿͻõķʽ˫ӵоȨӽҡ
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ţֹ˰ɡ
ЦȻоǲȨ͢ǷôǮ˵Ļ˵Ĺ̴Ҷﶼףǧҳ⣬ұҪ֤͢гŵҪӵз˰ȨҪ˰Ҫǵͬ⡣
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Ц͵ÿҵĸ߷ڣҲһϣȨԼҲ֪ҲģҴĸʡʡӸײѡʮϰٸ֮ʿʡ͹ⶼʱʡйܣκξ鶼ɴҾֱ
ʵѡ˭أ
յɳеѡ
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յͷѡˣȲˣҲҵˣҲ롣
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յͷҼĻֳΪжԵģֲֻģղ跹˼ܹӷһЩ˵ţֱԹҷָ鷳¶ÿĸܣҵĸܡ
㳵ʲô¶˵㣬㻹Ҫĸܣ
շŰ۵ȿɾ͸ģҲǴӦģôʲô˵㣬𲻽ô


2064 ϲ㣬ڲ¶ˣ
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ǰӿǵúǱĿ⿪ʼЩֱﲢδע⵽ʵҲûʲô˵ģϾѾðΣһ룬ǣҲҪ̴Ӧʵ𣿡
յʺʲôɵǻ
Цһʲôãô
ӦóӸã룬Ե̫αˡͷѪͳԣʺǲܼ̳дͳģⷽվסţˣֻɷʺ̳дͳ
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յҲ֪ô϶Ҳкܶ˷ԵģΪЧƵġ³ֻлʺܹһصҵĹǣɷʺ̳дͳͬʱҲɷ֤ƵôɷͲܹܵʺĿƣɷܵĿƣôʺ޸ɷֱӸĳȨ˾ȨҲܹ֤Լ˵Ȩ档
ԽԽԾԣȨ˾ң治һô
ЦҲҲȣȨеģֱҪ󳼣ҲҪսҲҪ˰ǣóܹ˵ǵֻҪȨѣ»һҲоݣɱȨΪһӦ𣿵һɱĿ϶ңమ϶ɱ
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Ƿŭĵ˺һۣȭţܽ涼ýģ룬ϵȨûУǸλӻʲôҵģһֽҸǲʤȯգ
Ȼأӻô๦ȥ֣ʱѾոģ·Ҳ赲ҡЦһҪôΪҲǿԵģҲѡս⿪ս˭˭Ӯǿ϶Ҫģ֪ǶԣҲʤȯգǣĿǰΨһѡ񡣵Ȼ֪вʣҲԽЩһƽƽ̨ٶҶԣǷǳƽģҲûأôǿһƽƽ̨ϣһճ̡
Ƭ̣ðΣ̫أ˵̫ӴӦҪ󣿡
յа취Ҿͻȥ̫ӵģȻ̫Ψһļ̳ˣһԶıģҲҵ˵ġ
Ĭһҵؿǡ
յͷҵȻףһƶҵļƻǰˣѾͣˡ
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ңңʮǫʵֻ΢֮ҲûʲôⶼҴŽһģżģΪּ֣ެ޷֣˲ŷңлɳˣⳡʤĹͣӦڴҵģ̫ҲǹûҪ̫ӹŰգҲ֪ջȥ
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ճϻ̳Ͽֵ̫ǧô˵ȵ̫ӶڳǶɽҲʱֵȵ̫ӵĶ顣˵ţֿ룬֪̫ѹܴ󣬲ֵ̫ǣڴ̫ӱ֤˶ҡ̫ӵĵλ˭Ҷ̫ӲҺյһĲ
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˳֮£̫򳼵л
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ͷ֮ľԭս֮У֪а취ֹһС
յʱûоİ취ǳƴȫһ̫ӣԼ˶Ĵ
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褵ͷ֮ʱӦý߾ȫսııƾˡǵʱҲԴ⣬̫ӣǣÿ˵棬ɲôýġ
Եͷ

һȦҪнʵ˴̬֮⣬ûзκθı䣬ձŲǼգﶼҶס̬ΪջվǱߣʣµľǾͬҲ
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΢΢üӹźֺɵĿۺգŲ˫ĿһԵЩȣƺЩϲ˼֮С⡭ôܣ
յһУΪһûлĻҲóġ
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յҾͰһߣҵĿĺܼ򵥣ԹҴΪȣҲһˡ
еʺӦ𣿡
յʺ󲻴Ӧ͵ó֡
̫أ
̫ӲӦǾ͵ÿսˣһСéڣθġ
üˣˣ⽫±ϣɶĿľǱȴҶӦ
ЦҷѾ˵ˣһУΪһһս
еΪʲôҪң
յΪҶȴҵĴ𸴣ΪҴм䣬Щ˵ȻҲʹһҵĹ½ұҪʱʱ̵̿ıҲԸҡ֪ҼƻˣȻ޹أŹͬĿ֮꣬ǸôգҲվеһЩΣǶںϹ£Ҳеᷳ
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յҴỹȥӡ֣Сʽܡ֪ҪǸ㣬̹ϵġ
˼ЦЦͲڱͱһ
ЦҪͱͱɲͱҵӵʱΪһսǴ޼ꡣ
üͻȻЦѽʵ˭뱬սΪҶ֪սҶʴܹҪЮҽЩ
Цϲ㣬ڲ¶ˡ


2065 ȻȻĵ
һֱûѡվΪߵ˵ǶǷǳͬ
ΪĹ̫żһ㣬ǵУҺͰղͷȴ£ӦʱеǮڰգεԼ򻯣ʵǰҲϲң㻹Ҫ˰˵ȥˣ̫ʱλ̫Ҳһ̫Ӿ͵ΣΪ̫ӶԩʵµһϵûС
ĽݱǱߣǾ͸ӲͬĽݱǶ붼ΪԼ档
Ǿһֱûб̬Ҳûв룬£ɲ٣⳯Ұ񣬶ڴĹࡢĽݱæҲûʲôչЩ¡
ⲢǱʾȫ룬ǻûô߷ڣǶǴˣҲ֪⣬ⳤֻǿ֣浶ǹĸɣջǵõȵչ²ŻнҲ˵ǻеѡǶѡһѡһ
Ҳûʧǡ
ʡ
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˵˿ŵѦʹƃλΪǰýǳսҪΣգ΢е紵ݶͿܻսһսǴƱؽķѣֻصĩĸޣջɥˣҺͶλԼͳ˧˼ǣԹΪȣôսôƱҪ֤κη⣬뱣֤ûκһΪ¶ɥʧ
⻰һʽǷ׷׵ͷ͵仰
֣еΪȣ԰գ԰գ¾Ӧȸãսˣ㡣
֪ŵµܲһֱȥҹһ޾ΪԼ¡
ԹΪȣǾͲ̫ӼλǴ⻼Ѿ±ϣвͻ´ңһҿǮòΪ̫û㹻ܹЩ£̫ӵ壬Ҳ˸еʮֵĵǣһڼ̫ܲסʱֻΣأʱ˿̣ûʺ񡣡
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ˣ˵ָǾжϡ˶¶ѻһ𣬴ǵһͳһģ̫Ӽλ޷жϣ˭Ľãֻ̫ЩĴ󳼣ǸõĽ顣ȻʺҲܻ᷸ǻʺ󷸴ĸҪ̫Сö࣬Ͼʺŷḻľ飬Ҵսһֱ񣬶Դ˽⣬ǵĹǲܳκһʧ󡣡
ƃ˼ؼ̫ĹǣҲŲĹǡ
ʽܵɲ̫Ӽλûʺ
ӵǲУѾֵֵزһֻ֧ʺģһ֧̫ӵģôĻоͻǶģʲô¶첻ɣʱұ³ɼŽһġ
֣еʵҲΪ̫ӴʱӦλ̫ӵĽǸ⣬̫Ӽλ涼شı䶯һжŲȷԣӦüûʺ񣬱֤ǰܹ᳹ȥô˵Ҳõȵȶ̫֮Ӽλ̫ҲԳڼԼ壬ȡľ飬֤㹻̳дͳ
ƃһ޾޾˭֪˭ġ
ͻȻǾ͸ʺϷͳελ
˶𾪵Ŀ
Ѧʹ˵ûʺƵۣ
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еͷҪ취˵Ĺǽʵ
ʽҡҡͷ̫ˣĽݽһҪûʺ񣬶㻹ҪʺϷĵλĹǲܴӦġ
ͻȻҷΪĽݽҪ󣬴ֵĽҪ˽һЩǺϷģǲϷģô˭ŷġ
֪ŵǸǺϷġ
еǾȵÿǲӦʲôȣͳ̫ͳһӹɵġҲҪıһ㣬ֻΪĿǰľƣʺϷĵλһ˵ĳ̫ӻΨһͳǿԸʺڼһޣֻǴǴ߳ȵ̫ƽ̫ӡ
պߵ˵õɣĹô̫ҲӦıģҲţȨڻʺУʱʺ󲻻̫ӣ˭ܹʹɷȨɲС
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еͷʵܾúܾǰ紺ʱģ¹ϵôԣƺȨǾǾһ˵㣬ƶԹ֮ģǿԽƻʺȨƶһ׶ˣȨȣܿջȨȨ㳯Ұıλ維׿ܲ١ç֮
˺ʡƣһɶ࣬໥ƺ⣬ʡҲһ⣬̫٣ƶȲʺϣʡֻ࣬һ̶ϣǷµģĻƱֻγһΪģȨҵĽǽʡóȻʡԶﵽϰ֮࣬Ҳһ˵ĽΪ˹ְƽȣͶƱķʽ
Ҳ˵ʺҪҪͨʡˣͨһȺֱ޳ɲܹͨĻ˻ʺȨֲĳմȨȨȶ
˻һҽ˼С
뷨̫ӱˡ
ҡҡͷ̫壬˵Ǻеģǣȱʵʲԣͳ˧ǧԻʺհ˭Ҳְ
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еͷΪǺ»ᷢսҪԭΪ߶Ų־ȨսҪƽϢⳡôǽȨ
Ѧʹǻ׽Ȩ
е֮ԲԸ⣬ΪǺԼԷͻɱͬʱҲȨʺ󣬶ùʱйܣȵ̫֮ٽȨʵۣôͿԱս
ƃйܣ
и˹ܾӣֲһˡ
еҪǮģɰɵģ֮ðյ˰ȥӣⲻǹйô˻ѡһЩյˣɴҴʮУ߸ϸһ㣬ѡȡһЩʿʡǴŸգžȨ
ͬʱֿ˾Ļǻʺ󣬵ǿֹʺþӣͳ˧ɻʺǹӵĽʡңҪһĹ涨ǴƵľԶܶŴƵİգǶԷ췴ȻԷ췴Ǳ㲻ǴƵİգ˴ҾͶú¡
˵΢΢һЦλսھӱҪϤĶ࣬ⲻһЩ飬֪λкο
ƃѦʹ룬ͦȨҲһֱڻʵֻͻȻݱϢһʱ䣬̫ӾûмʱλҼݱĹҲǷǳģûȨĽӣ߲ܹ
ʺ󣬸йܣǵȻȶһЩ
üȻʡù˰ȥܾӣҲ˵ȨҲýʡ
еͷҲǣʡֻǿܹ⣬ֹʺ˰Լ֤ܹ͢ԼծҲΪµһɣôҲܹһ˵߻ɻ
ҡͷУУĻʡȨ̫һ㣬ȫʡ˵㡣
ƃǵԼȨưɡ
յΣ˭һʡȺʲôˣҶ֪һȺʲôͨһܸʲô
ЦѵǰͿ⶯ùǮҲ˵ºҪôҲȥ˵ʡЩˣʵƶûиıġʡΪĿǰľƣ̫Ӳʺ̼̳лλȨҲܸʺ̫ӲƽʱôһȺ˱ܣȵ̫Ӽλ֮ٽȨ
ӵ֮ʡĸҪƻʺȨȻʡôȨ˭ʡأ˵䣬˸ž⡣
յѽҾǵ˭ʡ
п۳ӣһЦȴǽüͷ⵹Ҳǡ
̵ΪҪôĻȱҪȷ˾ĶȨԣ˾ܵκһ˿ƣ¶죬ʺ֮⣬κΥ֮ˣýɷĳͷǻʺҲܸԤ˾Ҳܱ֤ʺ󲻸ΥΪʺ󼴱Υ֮£Ҳָʹȥǿϳˣ˲ʺΥ֮¡
ȷһ㣬ǰ˵ЩʵֵģʺɱȨʡ޷סԶ˾ȨȥвʡЩˣҲ˾ȨĹˡ
ʽܵͷ֮Ӧȷһ㡣
üΥأ
Ҳʹ
⡭
ʽܵȨƣﷸŸЩĹЩԱòֶΣıλ⣬λ뿴ԹΥĹԱӶ࣬ζĹԱӶࣿ˵ͳ˧˰̣ĻʺͿֱӴĻѭȨʹҹʹʧĳˣʵڱǡ
üͷţֿ˿ƃѦʹ
λͳ˧Ҳü˼ţǱȨʿ˾ʧȥȨ˾ĻǴеĽͲʵ֣ʺʤͿɱȨ׿һ㲻˵ҲΪԼΥĸʣƺҪζôһ㡣
ΪȨƣⷸ£ҪԼȥɣĵʽܶѾǣץǵİѱζĻʵɱÿ϶ˡ
ȨƃҪСӿһûзʲô
ѦʹҾôةĽǿеġ


2066 ˭ѡ
̸̸ţҽڴеĽֳȤ
Ҫ֪ŶӿǺվѡġ
Сӡ֣ǱȽ⣬ǲû־˼룬ϹʸŨһЩϱʱǾĳǲ߱ڻʵ˼룬ǸںԼеıʵӽˣԪһϲͳ˧Ը⵱˧ţΪǶ¼Ҽҵҫ¬ʦԸȴǹ٣֣еҲν
ʽһʼɶǸźջģܵյӰ죬Ϊ
ƃȻǾƵģǿźҪȥѳᣬ˼Ҳڷı䣬Ҫֻ֤ʵ۵棬Ҳñ֤Щ󳼵Ȩ棬ɲܻʵ˵ɱɱΪƃͲСù˼Լ
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2067 ߷
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Ȼ⣬ǺΪʱλκ˶ãΪεͻ磬һôǿƵĸεȨıҲܶ˵ġ
Ϊʵ۵޷ƾƵʱ򣬻ʵƱؾͻó͢ݣȨıͲʧ֣ǷǳΣյģͣǿ϶治ģ˺յĴԼǷ룬Լѡ·ʺģһ㣬ҵ
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һ֣֮Բ볤ΪͥѾˣôһҪ֤ԭսⳡνΪѾܲκһսڳսʳòֻȥյģǶյģЩİղԭƾˣԭսͿ̿ʴˣǶΪǴžӻҲƱػӭǣ̫ӺͻʺҲ¼ǣӱսĿԣǲΨһԭ򡣡
˵Ĺ֪һƬģҲѽҵȻ֧̫ӼλƤ֮棬ëɸҶˣ˭棬һƵĽɽҪȵ۵Ķ飬һ㣬Ҫסҡ


2068 ô
һĹһΣԲλ࣬ղӻǾԾǸ߷ڣ˵Ϊ룬޷
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Ϊ˵öǶԵģʧȥȨõȨʵںնԣκһѡ񣬾ͱѡҪõöֻ࣬Ҫ΢˽һ㣬˭λǵһˣƶ£ûʲôһˣȨˡ
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װɣģҲģǺǣԼȥɡռЦ
ǲף֪˺ܶ£ȥ㶼ǳԿģӮҡ
Цǹ̫ûа취ãҲĲˣҪ־͹ҵΪνô
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յ˵ҲôΪһãԸķ䣬Ȼѡ㣬ҾͲڱͱһƽ̨ѾΪˣƽ̨ϣƽȵģҪӮˣ˵ʮ꣬һҲУֻҪܹôãҾԲᱧԹ䣬˾ôŮһ֪ԹˣȦȦˡ⻰ҷǰǲϵġ
ЦһΪһ⼤𣿡
ЦΪûԤô

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2069 ʺ
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ƫĿǵ£Ƭ̣֣ǵ¿ػؿ˺ü飬ͻȻ˱ң
ŽȥȷʵΪǲ̫̣ǶԺ̫ˡ
Ȼ˵һ̶Ϸ˾ͲӵоȨ滹кܴĿռ䣬ٱȵʱԼҪһ򱶣ʱԼ콫ƳһԱʲôʮ޵ĻȨͳͳƨûеõȨҲ֪ԼвбҪȥȡ¸ʮꡣ
ǶԺղ̫ãܵƣɱö࣬ΪԭԻõĸ࣬ϾռλҪ˵ո߷ڣ治š
Ϊһıģ̽һºյĵ߾ʲô
ϧδɹԺʱʧѾΪһϰߡ

Сӣ
ɣʱ˭ôƺңҪôոʳǣһ߳ȣŭˣ͵һͷ׼һʱһЦˣɰ
˼ګ
˼ګһ£ôһı顣
ϣˣʲôСһֱǹġһίұɢһ֮ģƫƫ˼ң˸Ρ
˼ګһĺ˵˵ϽȥʳЩ˸ҸߣǳģӦø𡣡
һֱǲȡķʽŮսҲû˵ȥ뺫ȥЩ£ΪĿҪĻңֻŮеһλŮźȥһѣֻѡ
£ˣ⻰ʲô˼
˼ګ˫۵㲻֪Լȥô
ŶŶСȥ
ʳ֮УôѵյģҲ˼ګ
ջ޲һ죬ææϵʳǵǰֻϰ˹ϳǰĿϸһȫǳʿ׹ǱĹ϶ѾЩЭ϶˲ӦҲ˵˭ȨʡƶȣѾ˺˴ͳȨĹ໹ǲܹеˣֻҪĹЭʣµ˺Ҳ£ΪѾû˴ͷ
ԷһЩ壬Ǵҡڵ˳ȥȻһӽܱߡ

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̫Ӱڣܽ桢̫ڴĽɽһŮ˹ֱǻ֮ǾӦ
Щʿһճ̾Χȥźվһٿĭɡ
վԹһıԹɫȻ
ЩղֻȻȤðĿźա
ɨһȻ΢ЦΪôЩ˸ŪģǻǰԹ˵ʱȻߣЩŵһ
ŭɶǰȥƴɱһ֮䣬ΪʲôΪþңΪþǲԭսĴݲСأսûнͿʼ³͢䶼ٷѡ
һܹǣֵġ
յǲˣǿɶǶˣΪǲԴΪأжεʱ򣬾ƽȣȨʱ򣬾˵˱΢ǶǶˣΪƤ֮棬ëɸĵףҿԺȷĸǣѾûлأĻƱ
ѵҴƾͲô
һӣĿȵԹŮ˾ͲܹһˣǵãŮƹ£˲ˣұ
׷׵ͷʾ޳ɡ
öǺЦ
ιʷЦȻõ
յ˵⻰治죬ԺͶҲû˵ĸŮ˻ȨЩӦù̵˭ͷأˣŮˣҿĲǵ鼮Ļϱľһ·ҪһЩɲһֱǶ˺Ȩô
һ仰Щˡ
ϱʱ򣬲Щʿںô컻㣬컻ҡ
ֻΪǸĳǿԵģ˾ͲС
ͻȻ̾˿ͻȻͼ֣ҲվڻʺǱߵģҲվǱߵģȫֻ֧ʺҸҪôֱӵʺУʲôʡƶȡ˵˲ôû˵⻰ʡƶҲû仰ʡҪЩ²ż汸ҶԹ׵ˣ˺ϸǵȻѡ
ѡѡˣҲңǴС֣СӡʽǣǶɶʿʿ߶͵Ļȥȡʵ˵ҪƾȥҪҴ⻼ʵǲκϣܹŽᣬȶɹһ˵ɡ
һǼĳЩ֮⣬ոᲢãֻ޴ʹ
ڲκȥʲôԴñԼǹΪȣֻҪᶨ͵ռݵƸߵ㣬˭ôһΪҺãΪպãʲôɶ÷ŵһȥ
ֵˣǵòκֵ֧ģΪ˭Ҳ볤սǵļҾսÿ˶˺ģҪܹԺͣұ֤˫İȫ棬⵱ȻǴڴġ
̫ӶˣƻҲǷǳƽģ˭ռˣҲϣʰ̯ӣģЩ˻Ҫǰǲ֧ǵģӢʿҲ֧ǵġ
ǲģǻѡȴΣȥ֮һճ̡
뿪֮󣬺ȥг
Сˣ
С磡
Ѿڴ˵Ⱥ˼̶Χ
Ҫ֪⻹Ǻչ鳯һʽ档
һĿɨȥ͵Ϊֹҽȫ˵ʺģҪľǣϽеʣʱСԪнˣȻйҪʣǾѽ
СģһȫԸȥ¹Ȼİա
ЩҲ֪ǸʱԼǷǳģΪһʲô׼ˣԽʡʵǸһϵͨʡƶȣ˰Ƹһ˵㣬˶ԣҪ
ֺٺٵС磬ǲҲԽʡ
Цﵽʸ񣬵ȻǿԽģڿ϶ǲԵģ
ּΪʲô
յΪзûдﵽ׼ʲôʱܹ֣С¬ʦһͿԽʡˡ
ƵҪҲ̫һ㡣
Цֻʮô졣Ҳ˶޷ʡҲпǵԱԽ룬ʡƶȾһͬʵġ
ǣǾֺ֧С硣
ǵȻ֧ƻӹɵģ۹ֵԹ̽׼ǿ϶ģҪ۽׼۳ǻûϣˡ



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ոոջصңӭǰĵĸ첲
շ§סӯӯһյ֫촽һ£֪жô˰ɡκʱɶ㰡
ԣһŷĶҪڻˣҪжʮĻһܵĸ̡
һۣ֪ɣ
¿һЦȻǿЦģ˵ʮ㣬ҿ϶Ҫġ
һ˵ѽ˭ƳǿˣеƸòãȥʡˣǶǳģΪŮģӦĻѡ˽ʡϵΰ
£⻰ͦе

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ոϽոմӺԺ߳Ԫĵ֣߹Цɷأ
ԪĵһۣҲģҲ㵼µġ
յͷǣǣӦǽ˰ɡ
Ԫĵεķ°ֵۣˣʺӦûУ
ûУҡҡͷ
û˵ʲôµĽµŰװֺһ
һҲֻǳ£ѾǴ
˵òĿǰԣõѡûбõˡ
ڶգִŹǷȥʹ˵
һأŸոյȥǡ
Цʣ㺹죬ͨ쵴̬˵Цڱôǣ
俴һۣأһġɽ塱֮ҡţ
ʵ˵ûдڱ
ȻҲһӮңϾ뺫ղͬˣΣڼÿǷǳѹ֣ԸһҪʼնǱģǱǣűߣټʼ޷͸վʲôǳǳˬȴúûа취ҪںϺݺݷйһ
յȻܾΪϲ̼ڻʹʺۿʵ̫̼ˣҲǷǳˣٷ֮ٵս
Ƭ̣·һſںϣ΢΢ʵǲףΪôܹеõʲô
ḧǹ⻬ı̾˿ȻԼ벻ףҸĻҲŵġ
бĿһƳô
յͷҵĿľҪˣȻȥҰףŲţ
һ·𶼲ԼĶ䣬ߵ˵һ𣿡
ⲻˡ
ⴿ޻̸֮
޻̸֮ҡҡͷ뿴һжûиıĻ㣬̫棬һˣΪǸʲô³
˵޻̸ָ֮ΪʲôҪˣ
շŰۣΪҪõһУǲҪͨȨȥõģΨⰲȫ⣬ǱҪȨ֤ģֲһ춼æǻ찵أ˹ĶǣԴΪ֣ⲻġֻҪСɵĻšҵҪ׷һһƶȣǶԻңǶԴ󳼣ڰգ˾ˣһǵøϾɱܹ⣬ǰɵЩ£֪ΪʲôҪôˡڵʱ˭ҶǷңǷ󣬷̾ˣҲҺҸǷһ
ɵ̬˵𣿡
ȥΪ֮Ŭǿ϶ܵġ˵ţͻȻĵĺ촽ϡ
ĿһһĨģܻߵĻӦ
˲ŷֿһűҸ޷յġɽ͡һЦģǲ˺ģΪ˺Ļھ˺ҵ롣
ｿһЦ롢ѩ׵ı֣ҿɲŵЩ
պǺǵ֪Ϊλᱻһֱǣűô
һ㶣ʵΪΣ
յʼ޷͸Ҿ᲻Ը㣬һֱֻ֪ҪᣬһӲŵġ
һֻȻĸоЦЦѾңͲ¡
պǺЦ˵ϣġ
һǳ֮ɫ⻹治ţյºյţ쵰ǿɶ񡣡
һؿڣһߺǺЦ
ŭĵһۣ⣬ôãҶӰġ
Ц֪ҲѡԭҪһܣһԼΨܹ̫ӶС
øơ


2070 ΰһգϣ
ںպ䤱ţġȰ˵£Ӧ
ˣѾӦдķ
ȻôһЩʿǿҷԣҲֻǿҷԣ˶ѣΪҪѾոƽҲֺ֧ա
ôһ¾ؽʡ
ΪԹûйŮ˺ϷͳңûѰҪ齨ʡʡȨϷͳελ
ʵڼƻ¯֮󣬺վѾԸѡʮԱʲôѡǸܵģ̫󹦷ˡ
ʮȫѡ񣬾ѡΪѡĶǾӢʿ˼йģƽʱù̫ԶĵطһˣҪƼֻܴѡڵطǸʮһʱỹûŪԤٵ֮ʮܹ롣
µŬѡʮԱ
滹ӣǴͳѳţָ˶УΪ˵ܵܡԪҲѡУܵʵ飬Ƿǳ֧ܵܵģʿСּǺøбԪܵĻԪҵ棬֣ԼǸϽǹ٣ʡȥˣͲ̫뵱٣ʡƶ̫ʺԼˡ
лơʦʦʦҽʼҾ졢ƷԺʿ
ͳͳһЩְҵʿй壬Ҳкš
ѡı׼ȣҪأģڹйףܵܡԪǿɶңӲԱ׼
ЩʿôҲ첻ģй׶ڳΪ٣ûеٵģǾûΪף۵۹Ҵ£Щרһϴ
ҲʿԵһ㣬ΪҪѡҲӦðѡЩ΢ôܹ¡
ʵһȺ˶һͬ㣬¹׼
ն׼ʵΪ˷¹׼
⣬ʮŮˣû˷ʮŮˣŮ˶Ȩˣ˭˼˵׼Ů˽ʡ
ӨӨ١ζѡУζɻǸ˳ȻǵʽܵķˣҲѡġ
¬ʦԷΨһѡеķ򸾣ֻ¬ʦԻûл
ʡַûжڻʳǣǶڴȶµһڣһȺ¹ʳҲʳ涼
ȶµĺ൱ԸģʡҲմѽѡһλõĴʡ
ΪкܶܶµǴøϽЩ¶ˡ
գ컹ڴȶµİѾ߰գնġ
һ·һһޱȡյĽ֮⣬Ҳ֮У㴿̰ͼȨĻҪô·Ȼ𾴡ƽһҡͷ·ڻζʲôõζУ޷԰Σֵ˵ƻԣҸĶ˸Ȥʼ޷ףô뵽һƶȵģ
˵ţĿźա
̾Ȼô֪Ҿʵ㣬ҲǱĳĬ֮
ƽٹһЦϴ
շǳʵǴӷ˼ġ
˼룿ƽٵҲǵ㻹һˡ
һҪˣܹ˼ġͻȻͣȥתȥǰ档
ƽٺƫĿһԭһǰ棬湩һ
յûУ
ƽٵͷ
յҾô򵽵ġ
ƽü˼Ƭ̣ҡҡͷס
̺ʹԭܰյĤݣֱҲкüˡͻȻƽٵ⼸䣬ԭθĳʵ۶֪˶ٸΪʲôʼ棬ûȥȡأ
ƽü˼һŲ̫ȷΪûȨ
ôӵȨĻͱ˸һˣʵ۲߱ȨֻһĻ˭ҲȥƷʵۣΪòʲôƷʵΪȨ
յȨⶫʼմڵģʧģȨԽУվԽ󣬶ȨһеʱǾͳΪΪĶ˶ᶢŵģֻҪһ˿ᣬΪ˷ܲٶˣҲϧ
ô˵ȨԽɢշԽͣϣȨƽָÿգǷ͵ʱΪ˭ҲԸƷԼȻֻǴϣд޶ֵ֮ģ˿϶õ࣬ǲɸıġֻϣܲȨһУĿҲԽͣɼʼƵġ
ƽٳ˼ΣͻȻЦʵֶΣܹ˵оݣŷ
չһЦ
ƽͻȻϧֻʮ갡
պǺЦԶһģʵ۸ͨҲûʲôȨ˭Ըְ
ƽٵʱ̫ҲԸ
յʱ̫ӲǸģΪʮ֮Ҵƽᷢչ̫޷֪ĵزʱκ˶أΪܹıƶȵģˣһٴҲı䲻ʲôΨһֶԸıƶȣֻǴһȴѡ

ƽü˼

ŸոմȶѾУΪʡĴӡȻΪʡ֣;кǿĻȨ˼룬˵øĹʡƶΪҶģ˸Ϊᡱ
С֣ʵ˵ǲС罫ʡġ
ִӺ汧ܵܣʹĻζţǼԹ˵
Ȼǰ
ܼܵʼգɶûи˵£֣ҵġңֻңɴӲҲϲ£СҰ˵ô
СҰͷ
ֵΪʲôȥˣȴȥ
СҰɫĵСǿ
ֿСҰһı飬̫˵ˡ
ЦǺǵˣˣģҲԹˣʵСֽʡɱҪöѽôҲļҵˣҪȥҲûʲôϡģСֿСӳܹʡ֤˶лᰡ
˷׷׵ͷ
ǮͦŴЦǺǵС֣ĿˣɵΪı
ܵͷǧô˵ô˵һе£ʵҶ֪ܹʲô
ֹ⻹򵥣ˣЩﶮֻҪ͢ԤǷչˡ


ӨӨϲϲҪΪԱˣ
ҡʵҸʸ½Ƽҵġ
ӨӨҪô룬ɾʹˣ·ǳѡԱɲűģǸ͹ģٺӶ飬ƾһ㣬綼Զ㡣ֻϧƹʷ̨Ļ㽫ľͳͳǰǴô
￩Ц½㣬ҿ֪Ϊʲôȥˣ϶顣

һŮ˽Ц

ϣԪүҲ˰
ʲôҶڼҴţΨ£ұ
ԪЦǺǵ
һԪСʮ߸пǵȷǺ£ֻֻж̶ʮ꣬Ҳ̫һ㡣
ԪЦˣˣƶ£ұԽԽǿ̫ҲϳһƶȵģвͨȻҲҪѽҲ⣬ϲһƶȵĻǾͱҪ֤ƶȣʹùҸǿʹðհҵ

⹤̽׼Ů˵ȻǷǳĵģΪȫǴ޵УһȨǿɾͷǳģ⻹ֻһ㰡
˻ϲȻ˳
ǿЩ΢ˣһСݿ
ɲôҲɻʺ񣬵ҲЩ˽ʡ±ػҡ
⻼Ҳûа취һΣǽһý֪ʿֿɲǺǵġ

ʱһͨʺݵ̫Ӽݵ


2071 ΰһգ£
ִȶ£Ҳ˵ʽϾҪʼˣ
ΪҪ̫̫£ÿһÿһ붼壬øϽ
ʷԵһ̣
ڴȶƽϣѾúмĿյظΧܱǧߣأ谭˳ԹȺǵ飬ܱÿһռ䶼ܲ͸硣
յϷһӣ֮࣬ʱ涼Ѿˣм˾¼ĸӣʺ̫ӣŵ󳼣¡ԪĵѩһЩ󳼵ķҲΪαУҿɶһġ
ԭŮǲôģȻƳǳţʽϣŮ˻Ǳ棬ʺҪҲôΪＴȨŮԵĵλȻǸˮǴߣŮԣŲԵùµЩǿɶġ
ںŵȫҪʡεԱ
Ȼ䣬ֻȺбһ
ֻĹͷߵ̨ϣȵóһگȫĹǵ
˵ǸεķṦΰ
ȷʵǷṦΰҪдˮ֡
ٰȻ¡
޵öϡﻩġ
ճűˡ
һگɲΪɿ飬ΪΪʣʵʷϣҲʷϵĵһʣȻʣôҲȻΪ
ⶼǲϮģκеġ
Ϊ˸ٳһƣԻʺٳǽʺܹٳ衰ƾΪ˱һ㡣ΪʲôԡۡٳأΪҪƵ۵ĻͱĳʷƵۣ͸Ϊܣɲ߱ĻյĹԺбſɲܸĵġ
֮֮
ɼǷǳεġ
ûһȺбһͻ
ΪѾ̨ǰ棬ĺվȫżÿ˶ڿ享ո߷ڣΪһУûȥޣֻҪģͿȨ㳯ҰûôĲɵøˡ
ϡ
ʾš
Ӽҡ
úһŽͣ
֪ҪĹǰʡеʡУδ˵ҪʡΪᣬΪʲôأΪĵΪǴƣңһеһжΪңûκͼҲκһ˵־ǳĴ⡣
ҲϣĵܹŽһ£ҼֻҪŽһģûʲôǿ˷˵ģǰøսսѾ֤һ㣬Ƿѵʱҽᱻ˻ܣǽʧȥеһСϣչֵܹĲ죬һ𣬹ͬһΰĵ۹һĵ۹

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˵úã

һЩӸǣĴ
һղż˵ʴ˴Ա֮ʱǽҪׯصģǽЧңҲΨһЧҵĶҪľֹκ˺ҵ¡ҪסֻҪԽԽãղŻԽԽãŻԽԽã֮Ȼֻаĺã桢̫ཨΰңŻԽԽãҲǹΨһ
һʱ׶
ıҲ½½վơ
Сӻ밡һƣһ߰뵽
յһУԹΪȣԾΪȣǰܻ˵յģԹŶԾΪģҶǻʵ۵ģǳ֮⣬˶޳ɣӦô˵ΪʱûоǵȻԹΪȣѵΪȣǴҷӦ
վ˵ôһȻý̨ø̫ӡ
ǰ䷢Ա״״Ȼ̫䷢ΪʵڷȨԭ̫ӵȨĳ˵̫ίЩˣȨҪȡˡ
ǾûʸΪͳȨǹģźϷԡ
֮󣬸ǻϣΪ̫Ϊңͬӳʮ꼴λبδйģ̫һֱҲܰյİվԼ
ǾþòϢ
ûгϯֳϣôֲ̫˵վ涼һЩΣѾˡ
ôЩο֤ڰУʼͳ
˺ܾúܾã⻶Žͣ
Ҳ˵һ˼ղ࣬ǰңһҪͬЭ໥ȹµѹء
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ܴܵнӹ״ʱȫڣǶϽǣ˻ߣΪϽǶǹ̽׼ܴܵǵһԱ
Ҫ֪ⲻʩᣬԼȡġ
Ƿ
⹤̽׼ĵһʤ
Ҳΰʱ̡
˼ûгŵԪԪ֣ǶӯȻֻܵܣȴ˽ʸ뵽˹档
ȻҲдһ˿̫гĳôһЩˣԴ֮ԱǣֻǲܸıʲôֻԹۣҺܿͱûˣΪշǷȾ˺ܶˣҲеĳɼΰһ̡
Ȼΰʱ̻ڼš
ӨӨ̫нӹ״ʱһƬöĻ
¸ǼĽƶĺˣ̨ɶûôоһеһ̣ʱΪǰΣǽգȻʵˣʵķǰ
վǳźܶܶ˵롣
ڶϽǵһϵĴſӣһһƿ
ǺǣϴޣӨӨɱгϢˣǾƹˡ
ʶôã˵һ仰
ƽۿ΢΢Щʪ
ôԪæջ仰

ʮԱȫ֮󣬹ʽ齨ɹôӭһ߳
ҲʷһιĻ飬ⳡֻ̽һ⣬ǷԹҵ壬ΪƵͳߡ
ȫƱͨ
ֻһʽѡ
ضʷҲ˵һŮˣǸˣҲʷԵģΪͷһɷķʽͳߣսķʽмûκһ˶ɥʧǶôΰ
˵ӴӨӨнӹʱȫһƬڰ
ò˵һ䣬Ҳȷʵ飬ΪѵʱͦӮһʷģսۣͬҲǴΪѵʱٶΣǽü
ͻȻ۲ԶĺգʱͻȻ֪ĵ뷨մʱԵ÷ǳƽֻ΢Цѡ
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ȷձϾʵֻߵһΪƴһΰʱ̣ܷȥûκΰգΪҪ˵ǻֻۣĽܹʹƶȴӸϷı䣬ǽʮ
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µͷҵĽҸүү̵ģҸүүĽΨҸ̵ĽԶ޷˺ģҵʱʼ˺˳˶档127 ɱŮۣ
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ʵѾԴ׵֪ͣ˶뺫յºҲ⣬ټ˶滹ͦĵʦõĹϵҲԣø身һЩѹյľ


2073 ˿ڻȻȬ
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۵УҲġ
ЦʵУģʱգ㻹Ϊʲôͼô㣬Ǳҵ档


ʵյĲԷǳ򵥣Ǵ̼ҵչӶڴȯȻֽȯҵҹܹͳһңͳһڡ
Ҳ˺յĽ飬ٹᣬһ˷θ˵Ҫһũ˰
ȣһսũǷ˼ãӦǣǡ
ΣܱǿУٸҲҪôࡣ
Ҳܹ̼ũҵ֤ũҵΪ֮Ҫ벻ҡǶԹҷǳġ
ΪԸԼٺ»ʹ֧Դ֧ͭ
գʮʮĵľƵͨΪ¬ʦûлʴôһƱ
˰鰸֮ͨ󣬰ǻ裬˶ġ
˰ǼյĸոˣôȻͻǣͬʱʹ̼ҵչ
ͬʱְ䲼ߣ˵һƣԼһЩҵչƣ˵ɫǰɫƵģʲôɫԴۡٷǿ϶ơ
⣬گաHެЩȫΪôһֳһ⣬ȫΣǲΣ͢Ȼѡ񲿷Σȫξ͸㸮ûʲôҪܷ
ܷеܷ֮£ٱ֤Եɫ
Ĺ飬ܷǱҪڵģΪǺܶںһ𣬷鶼һûܷĻʲô߶ƫȫ
Ҫ̲Դ
Ȼܣ˷ܵҪڿһչ
ͬʱﻹҪ̲ǿʥľԼӦãڸ棬üһɷҲΪ˴ٽҵչ
̽׼Ҳʮֵĸˡ
׬ǮģѰأǴӽдȻǵƷֻǮҪһ㣬νǻţôƷ֪ȥǵĹģս״̬ãսģǼСôأ
ͲҪЩ⡣
̽׼Ļ̣ǽȥģ໥ģһ̨͸˸֧֣ȻҲͶұ᳹ߣƴԮ¹ȻȵԽãǾԽá
ͬʱҲһֱڽһҵۡ
ǹھġ
ʮŲԱôೣҹҲΪҪôೣΪެˣܱûǿУֲǻʵۣҪô
þǿ϶Ҫеġ
Ҳǹٵһ⣬²ã˿ɾͲġ
֣һǳҪĽ飬ǽһʿŵ
ѾջعУɺܼ򵥣ûǮ
չѾôҪؼǹ¤ˣ¤һЭ飬ȣǼйɳ͢ܣΣ͢ǱΨһң㲻˽ˣ󣬱Ĺ˱Ϊ
һЩ볯͢ļţǩͬԼΪѡȻĻ͢ѡ˺
֮СּſɶС
⹤ʱȽ϶Ҫߵöࡣ
⻹ΪҪüʮ򳣱
Ԫһ飬亣ӶảԴҲǳ֣ȣҪٴ½ţ͵ȥʳǱߣ϶ǿʳҲǿ󣬶̫ԶӮˣҲԿƵģǴƵľôǿôȽҪ̶ôϧսΣΣ˴սΪʲôܹԪݷ˼ãǱʳһģǱˮַḻԲôʳʳ˵Ǽš
һ⣬ǹΪģΪ˷ģ亣ӶԴ˵˲Ϊ˴̣ǲġ
Եܸߡ
վͰԪһ취ϺŹ񻯣ģ¹ծշծȯȫУϺԽ׬Ǯոŷֺ죬ԸһĹ˰˰ʵǸӵĻر
ңҪ̣Ҫͷ·촬ҵúҵܴ̼ҵķչǾҪɸĹˣܴٽҵ
˹ͨһ飬Ҫ̲޸øơ
ˣỹеһЩǮΪĽʿͬʱ¾Ľʿ֤ǮһǮ٣ֻûǮǮһʱ䷢ǡ
ָı䣬ʿǷǳмᣬбͷЩǻ죬ǻ˿ǵǮᵱ߸ͳ˧ǵǮûȸǡ
⼸ʿĵĸŹߡ


2074 ʢǰϦ
ʵܹһԾŶʱǾͬҽһ㣬ﻵֱ˾ͷǸɾ䣬ӲˮЧҲ졣
ǵһнյʱôͬҩһ㣬ЧǷǳģ˿Լϣ಻ԣȴܹ̱Ԫĵӱø
ʵ߸ӣȫκһ֡
ĴƵ۹ѡϲȥͬʱȥ˿ڡ
ҲǺһ˼룬ϣȫǰôͲѡŮʣȻ֪ﲻԤܵģһ취ȡȨ
ɼջΪһǿĳֻ͢ȨܶڻʵһУǷǳΣյġھһǳ͵ĴӢʱ书񰲣بδеĿԪʢͿʱ̾ǰʷ֮ңټĵ۹˲Ҳǰ޹ˣߣǷǳµġ
ֹȥһغ
ӱ¹ȻƺѾ߳սӰһĿȥǷ紵ݵͼţ򰡡
֮⣬ܿ޴İɫ糵תţ糵ͬǣЩ糵Ǵֱ糵һԭ
¹Ȼԭз糵ͳսȱǶԣʵ̫󣬸ò붼룬ʵԭǷǳԿġǻǼԼĴͳģʹ÷糵ͬʱԺṩһֱִ糵ļԶԶȥǷ糵ķҶͬһ洹ֱģ棬ȴˮƽתģһ̶ЧЧʡ
¹ȻĥեͷѾȫװϷ糵
ңκͲ֮⣬糵ҲѾΪ¹ȻҪĳڲƷ⼼ԭģ糵ȴ¹Ȼ룬ԭȫзĿɶϡ
ϧǣһֻǱϵģ˿ϵô졣
¹Ȼİȫ˵ʱսǰúõʱҲЧԭǽݡͥԺսһ϶Ѿݻ٣һеŬΪ̳
ھ췿ݣնס棬Ϊƾߵʱ򣬸˴ԭȥĳɱԶԶĳɱʲôưͳͳǡ
¹Ȼõһþߣ϶ƾµģҪǽǮԭʳȽũߣԼõĶǷǳƾɵġ
Ƿǳֱ࣬ýԼǮͶ뵽ȥʱ淨
ΪսһެǱ¹Ȼò٣Ϊެûܵʲôսʴ
Ժհ䲼֮࣬ΪҶΪԼɻʱý˰±˰ǵȻɣ֮ʳ̾ȥˣҵҲչҲʼһЩĥװ˷糵糵ʳ¹Ȼ빺ģʵҲǶ¹Ȼһˡ
İҲʹָ֮УͥҪֹҵУѾݻٵ߰˰ˣʲôֵôͷʼҵһʱҲָ
һøˣǻ÷ǳãǲԭһƬ̣ߣ·ȫľݣ·޵ҲǷǳƽҪ·̶Ҳﲻ
Ϊҵǰûҵǲݵضģҵȥԣ˵ҲȥԵģûЩʱҿס˲ԭԭΪ˽˵ģǵȻñãԭҪǱƻ˺ʱҵ棬Ǹ棬·ҲñķǳãΪ·ǹغʱҵ
ȻЩطİҲñȽϼ࣬ȴǷǳֹۣϵģΪǵãǼֻҪٰһ꣬ͻָսǰѾ⣬ңֻҪŬɻҲᰤ
ԭǸǴԮ
ԭİգûô࣬ǱȽңҪΪ͢ڴģĸĸƱػΪԭʹġһἸ쿪ᣬǸһŰ칫ǮᶼýƽϣΪĿǰ͢ծߣȴ͢µȻ½ʳ
侭ȴڸٷչΪ͢ũ˰ټܱߵֶʳʱֿʼũҵũҵǴģ𣬵֡𡱲Сũ֡𡱣ҵģʽ׷Ķ棬ũҵڳƿոܿͳˡ
ũҵչʳӣг̱Ϊٲûԣ۱ȽϵͣվǮȥƷԼøӳʵӡ˰ͿԿƷӡ˰ڴȵ˰ֲ˸оõʹһֻͰһëǲܸоĵڳ͢ԣмֻëҲǷǳɹ۵ġ
ټϹҵĽ»Ҳվ۾½ܱߵԭĻóǷǳܼôҾͱΪҪֻҪ׾һҪңǴҶһңҳԭ֮ĵԭҲûлҵģ˴ҶͬͳһңôƵĿԪͨ
Ȼ䣬ͭǮǷǳķѲģǳǳĲ㣬һͭǮͲ֪Ҫöٵ¿ȯͿԺܺõĽ⣬ôϵĴȯ̾ͱЩȱ
սڣںյУһǳҪľߣάȯöȣʴ˴ȯܰΣΪôΣʱ򣬴ȯûбֵ֤ȯǷǳȶġ
Ȼ붼ǳԭͬʱʱ͸ܱߵʱ͸ȻƻԸʽôҪôܱߵİȻҲʼϴȯ¹Ȼ롢ެ֮⣬ʲôϵȵأʼʹôȯֻҪȯܹԭܱ߰նԣǾˡ
ô˿ں͵̣ȯվ
ǳֻ͢ĽǰĴȯٷųȥûпʼӡˢյļƻʵֻ֣Ҫ͢дȯܹ̾õ⣬͹ᶼеż
ʱʱһ͢дȯǱ顣
ӹɵǣڼ䣬ǿ϶ˣ
ǣҲøӼңȻɹ󣬵ķѾܹϣŽܱߣԭĴͳûоʹ˰ݣǲ˸ƽƽȡǡ
ֻʱ⻼ҲԸٴ̣Ըźգֺ֧յĵƻûаյ֧֣⴫ͳҲڲǾһķչԭȶ
ͳͿʼˡ
գʮзǳʿ𣬽֮浽˴ȥˣҪΪ֮һɵȹǷǳľޡ
ʿΪЩǴģ˵˭Ӧ˭ģЩӦƬİյģҲ˵Ƕзݡ
С֮£Īһ˵ڹҲûиʵۣңʿóһϵеϳӡǡ棬мأܳѾƿɱķ
Ҳط
Ʒ
ôԭĴͳ
Դ֤ԭĽɽӺɽеЩޣǶǵģǻʵ۵ģÿյģ˲ЩΪԼıڵ˲ܽǵĶ͵ˣȻǣ̫ƽˡ
˵ȻӦԴѽΪǽ˰ҵȻԿǹܲš
ʿ򲻴ӦǲҪ㽻˰ǾͲǿ
˫ڴչ˼ҵıۡ
·磬Ϊʦҵͳסˣʿⷽȷױȵ츳͵̣ݵ䲻ΪóôһӴҼǰǳıߡ
۵ĹУ˾Ѿʼʹ˼ʹʾһҪǮһѧԺȻĻǻᱻ۸ġ
ʽܴδְ˵ҲеǾչڲۣҲ漰͢͹ᣬΪʿǱҪͱͬ⣬Ҳ̲˵㣬ﶼзȨġֱӵȥԼۣ۳һٿ𲻴ӦҴӦҲûãջùͨ
ôܶʿ׼ʿ־֯еɽ֡ӵûо˭Ҳ׼
һֿʼ
Ҷ޺֮ǣʼԷɡ
ߴߴ磬ͳһ¾Ͷס˵ʺûԴ֧֣ôչ

رйһ½լԺŶլԺǲġ
Ϊʲôϲ棿
սǰһƷ˿󣬿Ц
ճ죬·𶼿ҪγˮĿһƬʣߵǳӣӦˡ
̾˵ֻһзӦģʱܲס
ǳš

ﺬߵİһۣſϣȵϢƽ֮ͻȻʵ̲Ѿ޶һɽ󱣻Ҳ˹ᣬΪ᲻ͨ
ҡҡͷҲ£һٹע
𣿡
ͻȻ̧ͷЦЦĿҲûпеè
ͻȻͷһḧǹ⻬񱳣ʵ֪οеèأ
һЦƶһƶģҲǲߣ˭ҿˣҲʲôϡ°ɡ
Цмƽϡ
Ⲣѡ񡣡ȻһЦͻȻԽԽϲƶȣȫһ˵㣬ֻǳȤ˵˶٣ֲȻΪҪĻ㲢ûвУĻȤһ㡣
չһЦȻˣҾٸһϢҴһ곤ٻһˡ
ﾪȵһꣿ
ЦҲǸ˵ôһжΪܹˣƶȶѾʱҲûʲô£ҲڳңӦ÷ǳ˰ɡ
鼸أһҲȨ
ʵһҪǵһıʿĽɫǰһЩָõߣ¶ǽŴڹƶ£Ҳû˵ⷢȣˮǸǰһУʵǰôڿ죬ᾭٵϢգɶǿģҲ֪ʱǷǳǿģͬʱƿŽк͹¤ĺգ˻ؼң˭Ҳ׶ģղŸôɡ
ˣǲװ
һ£ͻȻЩҪ㣬ܵóѡ
յ㲻ܹңҪ־͹Լɡ
һۣŲԼʱܹΪƣΪ꣬˭һۡ
յ㲻᲻Ұɡ
ͷڻҪ㡣
ķ棿
һһǳġɽ塱
ޣ
ĴһֱĲ͸ˣлкܶûнƶȿҶĥϣĿǰҲ֪᲻֣һ⣬ֲڣǸô죿
յһҪ뿪ģ֪ģһС˲ұ׷ģܵŷְɣҲȥһ꣬Ҫһ궼ͦסƶҲûκ塣Һܲ죬Ϊҵ뿪Ȼܵġ
£ô˵ҵȷܿġ
Ŷһˣڷ֣һȫûҰĵˣ㷴ϣܹ߰㡣
ԥһͷҲģϾ׷ģ㣬һֻʲôƻƻ͸е¡
⻰٣ÿÿ뵽λǰϦ͸еëΪ̫˼ˡ
չһЦԸСĺ촽¡
ｿһЦо¶һ˿ᣬͻȻյĲ㴽
м䣬Ȩ֮󣬹ĸоȷʵǰЩ̫һ
Ȼ֮ҲڴˣΪǵײһˣǺյȫһĻܲİʱ򣬲ԼͶ̫ĸȥȡΪǳֻеĵζƷ׷ʼȨǶҩһմϾͺѽġ

ᡣ
ͨˣͨˣӮˣ
𡪡
ֻһԱţһȴǴͷɥš
ⲻԾѽҼƱӦòôһ㣬ӮϣԪüͷͻȻܵܵС֣Ͷ÷Ʊô

ܵգС۾ҵȻͶƱ
ԪܼͳûŹøôãΪʲô˵Ѷûѧᡣ
ܵεĴͷͷǸǱǸľ˵ͦеֲû·Ҫȥë·̫ˡ
С˵öԣ
֣˹µȷ֮ˡ

̲޶ġɽ󱣻ڹͨˣǱҲˡ
ỹǸǳʽɣ淽ûʲôϵҪάԭĽɽ
̬ʵԭĴͳ˼룬Ǹ˼йذɡ
Ϊ˼ʼΪк֮£ɱ¾ǲõģɱ˻ɱԶҳþôһ
ǴܳѾطɣҾУҲкܶⷽ˼롣ܶԱǶʥ鳤ģҲͬʿĽ飬˰ĵˣ֣УԼҲûзԣȻ䲼֮ǰΪ֮£ͲģЩʿȻ֣еϡ
˹Ҫָ͢ƣ³ƶȣũ֡ţԭɽ֡
ﵱȻȻӦΪеȨЩɽַڻʵ۵ļҲȽϸһЩ
˵׼˿ΪԹķƣҲֻƣ˵ȫ׼ͨʵҲơ
ȣޣǲ˺ģǾ漰ԵģԻǿԵģΪҲǴͳԻҪɽԣȡԻҲ˵Ҫס˽ȦļݣǲƵģپͿɱ٣ֻҪ˽ȦĶС
ΣɭֵĻй滮ȥľ޶ɷʱҲǵҵķչȫƵĻҾͲܷչʿסķݣҲǿġ˵꿪Щɭֿ֣Щɭ֣ſľСϸ涨ʵÿķľûдģļ٣ֻǱ÷ǳ鷳мලڱϿš
⡶ɽ󱣻붼ǲܳ
ЩǷǳ̬ģֱҪϸµʲôطﷱֳʱԻ׼ɽ׼ľܵ񵰣ƻ񳲣ܲ׽񣬲ƣǲܲ׽ģҾϡ۶ȥ˺
ͷҲǷǳصģغʱֱӶֶϽţȻ񲻿ôǸԻȥͷЩˣΥһҪʮǮһһΥģֱȥһĺӵ
ǿ캰ѽҵڸٷչôһǶоĩҪˡ
֪ӯڴһƯķ̣ǿʹı飬ǿĵҪ

Ԫұ
үүܻ֪Դ׼֮󣬸¥Ӫҵʮ֮ࡣԪЦ
ԪǺЦ
ԪֵЩ֪Ǵаŵģ֪ǻ᲻ȥӰ

Ц󰡣
ԪͻȻԪʵԪܣͳƳϺŵֵ
ԪܵѾͳƳȵԭȫ֮ټҵչٶȣϺںӵеĲֵٿֵһٱ֮ࡣ
һٱԪգЦˡ
ԭⶼԪںĹҪΪԭشﲩʲôԴУ͵ºĺܶԴͲôֵǮͲֵǮԪݵľͷ˵ԭм˷ѺãǿģЩԴֵʵǵ㡣Ԫܾô취ʵǼëȹԪ͵͵˴֮Ƶġ
ΪЩʿҲֻ˵ԭûЩͳԭĴͳȥ˼ܱߵ֮ǰ̲ѾڳﱸܣֻܷŶЧȻԭһƣԴ̾ͱ÷ǳҪʲôԭֱֵӷһٱһҲţΪǴ޵УֵǷǳֲģĻԪҲô

øùá
ԪһãͻȻպԪĵ˹Щ顣
պǺǵԪܣĲЩ˸Ūߵ
ԪڨڨЦʲôҲø˫ۡ
ԪҲûиΪºɹͲ̫¡
ЦⲻҪҪǣɱˡ
ø˻Ԫܾȵ
ЦһǿһͷЩǿԸǷľܹǵðѬǵ۾ˡ
ԪȻѳһ亹ø⡭Ǻã
ûںҲˣѾزȥˣʴھ͵øϽ취ȥˮ
Ԫľګֱͷ
ЦȻҪǰҵ취ôֿԹʼʩЩȥ״ô͢϶ƵģôּֿΪǴĲƸ
Ԫܲɵһ
ԪĵЦֱҡͷԪܣøǰôͬһСƵãЦЦ޾Ϳޡ
Ԫһʱͨ죬ڨڨֹңҶˡ
ƨһùǰҾ͸һ
ԪĵЦİһۣҲǳ󡣡
ָԪĵûУڹùоһĺӡ
ԪƴסЦ⣬ܲ˺Ͻˡ
Ԫĵ˺һֵۣҲ޳ôɡ
յ˴˻
ԪĵǷԵģǾͲܳɹ
ǹˣЦЦֻǾҲãȫҲǲеģ׼໥ƺѧЭΪһҵȫ淢չһۣҸǷǳ⣬ٴҶԸķ䣬ˣ˾͵ϣҪ˾ˡ
ʵⳡҲǶƶȵһսϾ漰˾Ժĵ棬ȻܶǱʹҲû˵ϣ˲ϹᣬǴͳҲϣԶ˻Ƿǳģ˻ǽҳֻ͢Ҫй滮Ŀǲ׼ңһ֮ʩУ˵ʩУ㹻תռ䡣
⣬ӻⷴľĲҵ
һжںԴĿ
͢ǴģòֵȻ͢Ҳ⺣Ǻܹġ
̨֮󣬺žͱɱҪġ

ȻֻͳĻѡ
ͨһСѧĿαǼīȴͳ˼룬Ǵƽ޶ģûʲô˼룬ͳͳǹڵ´ͳģ谭ҵչΪʲôͨΪȻҪƹĻǿ϶ⷽ鼮
ͬʱͳʼܲ͸ϣܹˣ⵼ĺ飬̫Ū٣ҪȱĻ˼Ҿϸ浽ȥˡ
໥ģҲڼЩͳʿ壬ҪŪһЩ˵ĹѹյĻҲҪȥǵġ
շ˵ġ
ҲǴеģ÷ǳҪʿҲڮʿҪڮ̾ͻᵹǱߣϲƶԭҷԴ
ʵ͸̸£ʿһҶ󣬵÷ֲƽʿ׼ֻû뵽ֻǸ˵˵ʵΪ׼ġ
ɵһǳ˼Ĳҵ֣˶ᡣ
˶ʼѧԺǶͯĽգΪôֲűȥɶԷܵиǷйɣ˶ͳˣʲôܲϡ
Ϊ˹עľ
ǴƵĹ
ڳм䣬һ͵򳡡
վһһȵľա
УӪҲǷǳȷϱһƬɫһƬڰɫ
δʼ߾Ѿڱɤˣ̽׼ոհһһӵƴȫҲҪӮһǮƽʱȫȻû⵽һȺر
һȺرˣܵ͡
ֱĹ䣬ȫǲòȫǡ
ۣôְڰ棬ĽкҪ֪Աû볡ģȻʧЦȻ֪ΪʲôôĻ𱬡
̫Ӹ磬ǾܲôδѣȤʵ֪̫Ӹ֧ıߵģ
ҡҡͷҴӲ֧ıߣֻҪʾСأ
붼û룬͵ϲǳĬޣȻ̶ֹ֧Ӱ
ֵܶ⡣

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˧硱ȻǺգȻǷǳӭǣ׿Щ˵Ǿĺ֪ͦĵĻվͽǸŪȥԪݻݣȥ


2075 꽭ϣ֣
Ժ
ֻʮʹ棬мһλӺݸ߹
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üһ壬ô
Ĺϳ֮Ӧ֪ҴƵʵ֮ǰ۵ȻѾʶϳΪӦøһλᣬҴҲûҪǵ˼
ҡҡͷҲôΪ֮ûд㱨ΪӮʤҲδǴ˺˵һжûзλЩԹӦ˵㣬ӦҽǻȥøǸȥ֪ͨǡ
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ҪǴƿˣγʦ˲䱻𣬴·ûУ֪ǰ壬þ޶硣
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Ĺಹʳެˣ»ޣ֮мܣڵʱмΪʳĹǷǳǿʢ֮ȥֻܾˣΪԭǩԼʾǴԸǽãϣǲҪܵެ
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ҪΪһ书ĿǰެѾ𣬾ʣ´ʳǿУôܻŹʳ⣬ڹǴޣһʱǺʩչĿ·棬ȫȨģսԣͿʼת⣬ȥ棬ûҰɣ̵ԼȨ
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ʲôؾصģվûվ࣬û࣬ɼǻǶôǿ
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һ·߳ݣǽķǳûʲô¥ݽȻ͸ŷǳͳԭĻԶԶȥһ⾳ɽˮˮڽ̵ֻר˻ĵ·ߵĵ·ʯͶʯ⣬ǹ̷棬ɼ֮УʵˮɱҪͺܶġ
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һ棬Żȥ˫һ׼¹򣬡үԡ
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