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ݼ顿
ſջϵͳԽһʵϵ磬ԳɱٶȵĿͷǿķ޵ǣˮС԰ƿʡС豭
ջڣֶΨһջ⣬ֶֻȱʱ䡭


1 ջϵͳ
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֮֮ڴԽֶĳǺǿġȻЩԸĸǰԼи磬һҲǣ޹˵ϣȻˣҲܵʵ
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Сؤ൱ǸкͷӵܴܶŹǰμ͵øǸмƵ¹
ǰӾǸԼ軵ǻֶСӼֱԼСʱķ档
Сѧѧֶȭͷ޵еġ̤ᣬĥȭͷŰ
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2 ջ
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3 ׾̩
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4 
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ջСȴֶΨһĲҵһнȻΪּǿջ̸롣Ҫջϵͳܹ鵽ÿյӪҵͲõ⡣
˽ӣڿɶǿջĻƣڿջϵͳѾϺˣֻҪֶǣߵĺҲܴӿջϵͳҵǵ١
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ӹҽУֶƿţȥԼŪԵģƼû⣬к档
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ûһĻҲͻˣǷջӵ£Լ취ȥ첲ܻ
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ţʲôԭ򣿡ֶͷŽż

ΪԼ⣬˪ҲΪԼ⡣
Ůڸǰܳ㣬ּҲһ˪׳ŵС㡢Ϊʲôźȣ
ţֶ˵ͷ֪Ϊʲô⸱ģǰһŮľǸ֮ѯԵɡ
ԼһʼԭȷʵЩ
˪С͵Ǹź⣬ҵѲǮǷȥҸ磬ȥۣһͬѧ磬翪ͷûлֹ֣ңŶֵġ
ô˵˾ǲԣҰȸˡֶûĽѵԱΪ£ʮҶ嵽ѧԺȥҪˣӰͬѧѧϰҸѧԺӰ졣
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ţô죡ֶӣպѾȥܾʱġ
ʲôģûҪҸԵ˵㡣ˣȻǸԱȸͨͨ⳥棬취õ㲹Ʒ̸ԺҴȥǸ
ԺͱˡֶƵ
һص򡭡
Сһˣ
ɴ۾̲ס̧Ӳ˲׹죬ʵͽƹ񱻶Ӱͬѧȴϵ¸ŷˡ
ԺȻȥɣ˪ڼס죬ʲôʱٻȥԱⲻ⣬ջҡ
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ǰ£ѲǸѲĹԱ£Ժ½ͷöŶ
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ˣˣƹȷʵŷˡ
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ǺݺݽѵһãĹĵĳ˿ջ


5 ı
СһŹسԼֶЦ緹û
ǸСТȴǱ˭ǿֶǰèҪɣԾһش𣬻˪һ䣺ԺǳԹˡ
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Ǹתˣ˪ѯʵ
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ֶĸǣ˭ҲûлȸԾǹ˹˼ĭɹسơ
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ǰ˲Ĵ˵ԵϲػĸҶ롣ֶȴͬûа׳Եͣ»˵ŹѲ죬ⶼţԵ͡
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ȥҳ˵㶫ص䣬һŶʱֶ֮ϥ֮վһ̫߸߹롣
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һţһͽżϸҪΪҪľ츳һԵͽˣ򴦴άһƭƭǰʵͽﻹУƭֶûš
Աⲻмǲøûʸۡ
ֶÿɷ
ԱüҼСӴСҪСȥźʲôûУܵԣֻҪԸȥźǰ£ҲԼ̣ڵһµĹ۲ܹҼź⣬һÿ¸ʮӵĹǮȻ⣬Ȩʱ
ҪǿԴĻүǰˡֶмһЦ⻰ʵ©ٳҲֻжһ֪ͨ˲Żš
£ǲҪһ¸Ժʱź⣬ҲüѧԺ
ԶԣԱɫһϲղŻôڣû룬СӾȻ˵ˣɱԼĻá
룬ӦǱϴӦԺĺͽ⣬ȰѸԺס֮תʹ˹İɣ
ֶЦԱЩë£ô֪ģ
ƹǽ˻࣬ھ͸仰Ը
йֶϢԱ⵨׳Ϣλƹǲŵġһ仰ȥָܰſ¡
ү
ԱͿŲˬˣ״ֶĻԸϻֳԵİʣ


6 Ż
飡
ʵİڽӴԱԴʱըķѣԱ⣬Ź̨ķ˹ȥ
ƺһϢ
ڣѻȸԱļҶǵɴ۾ɵسֶԱ˴λƹϢʱҲߡ
Ǹ˰ƶͷʺǾǸ
ðɣˣĶ֮ǰ־ү
Ҷǵһʱ֮ת漣㣬֪ôˣ
ҶǣҲòȥƹһʣݵġڽϻ죬ƾݾԴһƬɽˣ˵һʵǿһ˸ɳȥ
磬۵˪ײɵô໰ˣ
ҲǺܿ϶ǡ
ҵˣҵĵ꣬浱ʵ˺۸𣿡
ֶʣµһȣһһҶӦأϣѪɽ
һ
Ҳ˲ͷѪˣۿԼƹڹ¾ܶץ棬ɱȥ
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ȵˣʣµĶڵϰлֶѾʺĵһİƣûֵǮĶ
˷ֽܵŷʮʤбûУ
˺ðŰսƷռɡ
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˶ҶȥԶ㣬Ӱ⡣Ȼ󡭡ͽָˣûʡ
ϣ
Ĺ˵ˣһ˷ܵø˼Ѫһ㣬һССԱѣȻƹ
ЩƽȥǸҲ£򲻹Ĳҵʹӣ˭ס
ο滹б˻׺ݵƹƹĺ棬ɻиעڴųΪϵš
ڶλԹƹǾмӣֶ˵Զ㣬Ӳ̧Ŷһֲա
ʰõʰãʵʣ˷ֹϸֶҲٶܣתغԺԷ
Сһͷŷ룬ֶ˪תŹĺ飬һеʲôˣ
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ֶ˵ͷʱ˭ڳ
ֻԺǺ֪ġΣº֪Ϊ¹СʱƲȥ
ֶüСܣѲ϶û˵ȥѧԺ¸©ȥ֮ԻǰΣ첻µزֻǰΣǰεԼҪǻѡ
ˣǸѲ컹˼ͻȻԴ
ֶе˲ʱ϶ǹŻд⼸֪ġ
Թ緹¹Żڻᰵ°˵ĹСһ粻ֶ֮Żط
죬ûֶʮ죬
ƹ⣬۵뷿С
ϣڻҪûһ죬ֶѯʵʲôˣ
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һ·Сܣֶط˺裬豭ԺҲʯ¡
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ҵͷһĳ룬ټƤںһ˫С飬ͷġ
ֶüѵԼ´ˣλǹŻģ
뿪Сͷ˫һϲϲǹŻڵ˵ƹΪҺĴˣƣҲ֪ƹԸԸӴ
Ը⣡ֶͻأվһλȻһż츳ƷΪͽĻ浱ɵӲɣ
СͷĿһ̶ͣСתתʯ£ֱ˱ˮ˼ڣֶҪͷ֮ʣЦ
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Ц񣿡
Ż˭ð䣿ֶЦЦһòȡˣӦòְɣ
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ص˵ͷĬƬ̣ѲˮѧԺѲӵʱ˼һһֵܣʮǰؼ̽һܺЦЦ˵һʮСк鶯ڰصѲ졣
˶٣ؼЦԺҲǼͶҽɽȥһˮѧԺСк˯֮͵͵̽һҲϲСкļ¶ˣɸŻЩԨԴԱиˮѧԺѧΪסҲΪͬҹŻڣŪôһ
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Ϊƻ޷죬벻ƹȴز¶Ͳǰ㵨С¡̾˿ŵģƹȻԽƾһԱƶϳŻڴ⡣
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ֶܶ࣡
а̾⻰ڵԼëԼȷŻǰ;֮ſʼ̸
룬ؿڵǶʮǰǰнӹ֮λģ츳ͬʦֵܵУġ裬ǰʮˣֻһʦֶ֮λ֮ԻҵͷϣԭڣǰΨһܰѹŻڷչɴڵѡϧ˼©֮λʲôĺ
һпΪùŻճһţһʮŰеĳϸ
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̶һɣʵΪŸˡ
Ҳǣֶ˵ͷ˭ȭͷԡҪȭͷû˼Ӳָ˼ķڷЧңȷʵ鷳
һСҪչ׳һġ͵֮ҾͲ˵ˣҪǵǵʵ֮ǵӵбһλšǸʵΪ磬ֻһλʵǿ츳ĵӼţҲ޾ŵ졣۷ǿߣֽţ׾ܰŷչɴڡ
ĵ츳ӹɣԸȴЩͷۡ
ֶЦҪаս̺ΪʦộֻҪıƿԣܳˡǣ۸һʱһ
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ˣ˵Ժ֮˰ɣֶվһͿ͵ģ
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ŻģŸ˵ϲݻõϹŻڵĵطȻźôš
ֶһ׾̩Ůģ뻹ˡҪﲻŻ֮ƱػǵĲ²⣬źܿͻ鵽׾̩ԼϵӶϵ
ҪҪɻΪŻڷͷĵӣз磬һȺĻϲʦֵΧתƣԸͳɳ϶ɼӰ졣
׾̩ʲôͨû򵽣ջٹ¾ˣ˫ӳ£ʲôͨ
ڸðԹŻڼ̳˵ͷλͨӽŻ֪Ҫ͵ֶϺ϶׼
˵ʵֶ֮ԻͬŻڣԭûаս̺ϾҲŶʮͷǰεľһǴԼôˣʲôȥ̸ʮһĶӣ
ֶŻںʹֻ֮鼼ĺû̳˵Դջ弶ԺļҴŵԴܸϵϿջӳɣ
˵Żڵ鼼ţŻʤֶǳ⣬ңŻջҲԶʱԸ񲻶Իܼʱ
͵ãֶסˣ̨Χ˸ˮйͨӣȴҲѰµˡ
ͳãֶͽһʣȻ״ġ
˶ʯֵ̯͵ϰ壬ʯ»˻ͷ׵ľÿնҪѵ̯ǡ
ÿǮ屶ıѣҡ̯Ǹŭԣֻˡ̵ϰǻҲյ³һıѽ屶ϢҲ֡
˸ѪͰǰѪɾ
Цֶ֮࣬ᶨ˷˻ؽϵ뷨һһ
Ļ죬ԭֵ̯̣ӦҲӭ
ջúջ¥죬иĻͷ϶ܰϲæ


7 ߲
ʱ䣬ؾõ˸ͬŻڵױšֶûȥԭ򣬲Ҳ֪Ϻ޷ҲյֶΡõдŵʱɫѿʲô̶ȡ
ŻںˮѧԺڳϣֻͬǹŻڳ϶ʮĹŻɽϣˮѧԺڳʮһƬĵϡ
˳·ȥһˮѧԺÿλؼҲȵˮѧԺֶֻ֮˰ױת˿ջ
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8 ƶ̨
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СȻЩϧӲҲвʳһԵʹ죬Ǳλһˮû꣬ѾӲ˸ȫʰ˶ӡ

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ǰ׾̩ʯѾȫͳȥˣɳͨ档ֶİƣطͷת˹̨


9 
ʳһֱȵڣö˰ʱ׾̩ŴṲ̋ջ󣬻
˵Ⲣ̨Ҳвپ룬ֶһ۱㿴׾̩ϹŵơԵİҲòȥϣ˪ǣҲ֪ʲôɫеˡ
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ˣڰ׾̩¥ʱֶסĿλɨۣ£ϰұܡ
׾̩ǸˣȻֶ֪ǣ֣صص˵ͷ


10 
峿ֶ׾̩ʯ
׾̩ȻߣȴҲ֪ܼӿٶȵǱѰõʱ϶ԹߡʯֶʲôҲû˵צӡֶʱɫЩƵİǳԺӡ
ֶԵڰתһȦصԺӣ󵽳˵㶫ϻط䡣
׾̩ʯܱ׼幫ңţֹ̣⻬һ飬ٰʣʯȫƶֶ̨֮ϥƿ°ڣʯڵλãſ飬Ƶڵ뾭
һ̣Сλôһ߻ھ֮Уһصֶĸоûнʯڵλãĳ̶һ
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⻹ֻ鶯ںڵģ󣬿ʯصҲֻ㾫ĵһֱʯΪ׵Ļÿһ߽ס˽ʯǴļ̳붼롣
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ֶ죬ͯһԿɺöࡣ


11 ƻ
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ḧõ˪ֶЦСѾͷѧԺżˣ
ǸСӺÿɰ
ֶסˣΪ˪Ϊȶ쵽ѧԺż١ӣƺЩ롣
ѧ£ֶǰżҲҲûôСѾͷ˵ʵսϵȨ
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˪ŤָСԴ࿵ٹȶˣѧԺ϶ˡٻؼңʳ
ֶЦãΪ˿ʱʳȻٻؼ׼˸ʲôŮ
ȻѾ˵ˣԣ˪ҧҧӲܲܽң
Уһ͵ʵʵһѧԺѧֶҲüƽˣʮһĺӣóҲġ
ģ˪ϲȸԾǰקֶĸ첲ҡҪʮӡ
ʮֶɴ۾ѾͷģĪȾ˳ʳҲͰˣȻھҪʮʳܼҵġʮӣͨ˼һҲ治
ţ˪˵ͷԥԥЩʳѧԺȥ
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ʮһȻʱˣȴҲûԵĵֶ룬ѯʵȶʱѧԺŲż٣
˪ҡͷԺ·żԺ󣬴ҶؼԺû˸ѧԺĲ߼͡
ż٣ҲϿΣֶͷЦ˵˵Ĵ㣬׬ǮĻҽʮӸ㡣
ģ˪еȥתˣǰ˵ͬ⣬˵ʱ߶
ŮţһԵ˳Īĺߺһ򶴣
ֶüĿ˳ٸҳԲѷǿջĿˣҲȥҽ
ϴֶ֮⻹һȸȶϵ飬˳˸ǿյӣջ־ƣƹҲˣǻһҰɣ˭֪ڷʲô
ţͯ𣬸۶ֶҲвˬȴҲøСջƹƽϣĿ⿴ᰡ
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λöѡˣҲͦмأֶͷ˪ԴʲôԺдŵӣҰȥ򡣡
ţ˪˷ܵػ˻ȭͷʱҿ϶׬Ǯ
Сãһӵĳʳ
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˪²ϴβμӹȶ˴ÿ춼ȥȶһһ컨һǮÿҲʮӡ
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˪㵽ˣʱҿ϶ƴ档
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ڴ󺺹λ£òרģҵ֮󣬶ȴ΢΢˲
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ֶȻһǮҲĸͷ˸ͷ˼æһ죬СѾͷڵġǸʲôҵǲúˣһһǮֽ˼ɡ
ص˵ͷҵõ鷨һǰƻҲиɻ
Сҵ𣿡ۺȻڵ
˪ҡͷҲǺ죬ֽ֡
ҵ֣ɫһϲҲԾ
ţԺдúãҹԺǮͻһЩš
վѯʵҵ鷨дգھдҷ緶һֱǳĽ֪ܲҹĦһֻǿһ˪ȻܾСܻԺӣٳѾŵҵĴ֡
ȥñīҼҹӻüҩĲϡ˳ֶ˻֡
ֶǴӹ̨˱īȴǽ˪Ҫĳʳд
ȵ˪дֶ꣬Ųɹ̤ţһؿڴһײţһڵˣһƨڵء


12 ջ
û°ɣ
ֶæǰ
ҡҡͷ߽á
Ų鸡ֶ°ײôò˽ȥ
һӭ˳ڣüֶ˲ֹһ֮ͬ󣬼ЦݣСֵܣҪԷסꣿ
ҡӦƵġӵ
Ӧƣֶüǿջƹתҿ
ԣæת
ͷҲͱһ㣬ͷҵдۣݸ첲ķһ͵ֶȻûͯĴ㡣
һԵĻƵ˵ͷֶڵóԵģȻȥķһ׻ϴ·ȥϴ衣
оϲӦˣ
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ͰǮס꣬Ǿˡ
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ס͡ʳͣӪˣҲܱ񣬶༸ټҲӰʲô
ף
ۿֶתߣ꼱ˣ࿵ҡҲؤ
ֶһ㶣תЦǺǵƵĻҪ²ܴ浽ʮӡ
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10/15
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ֶֺǺǵļ򣺡³ţڴõң¸ġ
ϵ¸ƷƣȻòûƲȥڱ˵ǽǡͷֶ⼸ƣǷֳȥһ֮ųš
ջʶȼӳɣԷûκӰ죬Եȴ泩һ㲻ȶⳡ磬ͬ
Ҫǣջ2Ժ󣬿ͷԿӳɣ־ڳΪ۷ǿߵֶ˵Ǻݺ˼ʵĵһ
˼ֶ˷ܵ˻˪ԣС˪ˣͰæտһ¿ջˣס޻ǳԷȫۡ
˪ɴ۾ͷˮղŻƽͣôգ۾͸˳ˣ
˪ãȻСԴֶ󲽳ţֲ£Ĺ֣żԼǸ
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Ѿ˪ڹ̨Ụ̄ʱʱ̧ͷɨһѾʳ͡СһʹģȻڼ֮ӡ
˪ط˯ٽҲڴõԼֶ첽˶¥ֱ׾̩ķ䡣
ֶ֪⣬׾̩ĪѰķõ졣
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ô
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ƶ̨еʯʮ飬ֶĬװʯ˲ʧٿջϵͳʯѾ80/200
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һɣֶ˿޷ĳϲɫԭҪһ̶ӣֻ˰ӵʱ䡣ȣ£ȫԴﵽ鶯ڶء
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죬ȥԡ׾̩ϲæĲ鲻Ըİ뷿䡣
飡
ˤŵֶʮࡣ
Ȼ֪⡮һʧֶȴҲñֵֻ̫תİ׾̩š
츳ȻҪһҲƬ̵Ĺ򣬷֨´򿪡ӣ˽Ρ
еٶļӿһֻҪһ£ֻҪһҾͿͻƵ鶯ء
߿ֶЩ̶׾̩ȴ
˿ȻҪץʱˣԺû²Ҫҡ
Уһ׼÷ˣʲôʱʲôʱԡ׾̩æͷ
㣬Ժٽҷ䡣ֶ
ֶţתˣȴ׾̩ס
Ű׾̩ȵô˵ģ壿ˣ˭õģʱ򣬻˲֪ô
סˣڼԼʱΪʲôܼӿһ
Ī⣬ֶζĿУӲǺ˵
һСջƹҲԼ˼꣬ҪԼ壿
ѾͷҴǲǣ׾̩һš
ðΣۿ׾̩Ҫ̧첲·ʲôľģһҧбĳ֡
֡塭
飡
һ룬һ죬űϡ
ֶҡͷҲˣƢԣԺǳʲô£Ҳš


13 Ӫ
׾̩Цֵܣ״ӽŮ޷Цˡ
׾̩һһֵܣֶȻҲøŸĿڣҡҡͷЦҸϸĽ飬ò˵Щ
ǡ׾̩æͷЦ۶ϵķһ㣺ߣǺһȥ󣬰϶ܽŻڣ˵ʲôҲúһ
Уûʲôλãڰϸ緿ȰɣȥԸ׼Ʋˡ
ֶȻҲŻȥȴδܾ׾̩Ǹɽ֮ˣӱļֵȷʵֵϵϾջԺҪʯָλϸ硣
Ū˾Ʋ¥׾̩߳Աģ˶Щ΢ֶ֮ǡ
ǷܽŻڣ԰׾̩˵Ǽ飬ֶ鲻ν󡣼ֶԼľˣԺĺôԴԴ׾̩ȻģֶǣŽյĻһƱóֶ
ֶ붼ûͰƱӲƻȥջӳ¹شϢ͸¶ȥԴɹĺְ׾̩ԭ֮һϵʯ࣬۸ҲԺٲһλйϵʯˣԭǰθ׾̩Ľ顣
꣬ÿ궼ⲻһˣ⽻ɲС
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14 ߽
صԺϷţʯõλֶ֮򿪿ջϵͳ
ջƹԼסͷƱػ˵ĻɣֶҪʹӳɣȻסȥͷ
ڿͷλǿԸĵģҿջϵͳ2Ժ󣬻10ͷĶȱ򿪿ͷԣķΪͷٿӳֶ֮붨״̬
ʮգõ緹ʱɣڣŸո
˼ͷٰ˪ӴקźѾͷֶͣŪ͵ˮѧԺ
ٻջѾ˲ʳͣǿɵĴҲΪʶӵڿջԷĶסֶ֣ͣæǰ֤Ϸŵӣ˼Ƿ˵һ
õ֮ЩȻû˵ʲô뷨ȴһƹˡ
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컹ֶ˳˵һʳ͡׾̩
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ϧ̫С˵У׾̩ĴٵÿصǮֲסջҪȻջ2֮󣬿ͷҲʶȼӳɣȻÿҪ1ʯסһʮҲ׬ʮ
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ͷӳ2ĻһҪ1ʯҲһʯʶȼӳɣ20.2ʯһҪһʯ
ּǿջǵǮһһʱѴȥǮˣ˵Ҳһʱ䡣ֶǴһһſģĻʡһʯδٴαϣ뻹ǰӵʶȼӳҲˡ
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ֶҲٿԼ˱ƣߺȱ߳ԣʱʱ̧ͷɴʳ׵ᰣҲңڡ
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ˣôˣ
߷ֱֶŵڶνĿϡ
˿ӵҩԵͽã߽ޣЧȴ󡣼ÿ鵤Ҳֻʱ˶񻯡
ֶһ߽ޣ
һֱΪСҲһ׶޶ѣ벻߽ס
ջ2Ժԣӵӳɣ޲ߵʱ򣬰һκ֮һ
ֶԭôģһǾӵѹӦǳΪȽײߣĽҲû룬ÿ˳˳߽ޡ
÷Ըעעһˡ
ע⣬ֶֽע˾Ʋ棬᰺ȻڵΪʲôͬС˪ѧԺʳ
ϲΪʲôͬ⣿ֶʵ
ҸףŹ֣ŮҲӲ׵ı׼ԼȻһЦվ
ֶЦЦҲûͣͷɨŲиʣˡ


15 չԡ
գֶһÿ׾̩ķš
ֶ֪ӽ¿ջ׾̩ĻܾǧӺܿ쵽֡
أæһ磬㶨
ҵռһĶ߷֣ܼǧŰӡ
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ô
ԺſڣһɫӰȺдֱֶ
ֶ˪ԴչԴȴСѾͷͣ٣СһΣ

ֶЩ㬵ķֱۣǰһѩƮݵ˳ӿȴһ֮ܿڡ
й˵ٻߣŮ·׵Բλ಻ҿ
ֶһЦкתҪҪϵ˪
ҵĳʳأ˪³Сת
˽˸䣬档
ֶ˻ָ䣬еĲˬҲȻˡ
ϾСѾͷĵһʴ⣬֮ϵҲӦõġ
䣿᰽ҲһأҲ֪˭ĺá˪ͫһֶĿޱȡ
ֶĻ᲻СѾͷ˼ԴЦ궫棬ٳһ㣬һ㡣
ţ˪СԴСװ˼£ֶĸ첲ѧԺקȻЩȲҪš
˪ԣһ·ǰűµʵʵĴȥ
ڣһ·Ȼͨ裬˽ѧԺȺϡһʯ·ܿȶĴٳ
ϲһ͹ϣһ´ļײʮСһֽƬЦš⣬һֱֺۣ߸üɫ˵ʲô
Ѿ˲ֶĸ⣬СѾͷĵϣɻһЩӺëձ
ţ˪ͷźҪæȰѲˡ
ź⣿ôô죿ֶĿⲻƮֺꡣ
˪Сӣ͵ϴαȵǸ˵ʲôʶǵҺƨ棬ָϲߡ
ֶȻСӻôԱ⽻ġ
ΪظôĻУԱֻҪɵܲµɼ̳ˡ
Żδãúðͽţ벻úôС
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ֶС̯ģֻʮǮȻʲô䡣ڴֻ֮˲ܴĿռ䡣СѾͷֵܷó١
ֶɿᰣҲԼѾǼٻ
ϡнпɣ᰼ȻĴ䣬ֱܷαҲ
᰽㣬Ҳٽҿòãҿĸá˪Ƭ̧̣ͷᰡ
˵ͷ᰽ϸָϵȡ£Ƕֶŵöࡣ
ЦЦֶʣڲһǵ£һܣӱĿ
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ȥ𣿡
һŵֶŤͷһŷᰲ֪ʲôʱҲԡ
ֶ˸䶷еȤȵ鷨ҲûȤأ
ҸϲС˪׬ӵЦݣᰵĻһ䡣
±ɹ𣿡ֶЦˣ֮ûؿջҪԭǵ̫߻ӣ˪ʲô鷳֤˪һʴôɹģǺЩͬ
ҡͷ
ֶҲٶ˵˫һգԡѵõʱ䡣
ܿţֻʣͳСʱֶ֮ϴ˪һϲĺ
ӣҵˣù
ŶСˬӦһ
ֶŤͷһȺУһʮ
ƤڣһϴķȴԿɿɫĳòʹţЩᡣϸϸһȴᷢŲͬ˵ĸ㣬Ҳǽýȣ͸Ųס
ӣҵ衣
ҵڷŹٵķǰ£˪һεûõһ
ҵȵĵ˵ͷ
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ҵȻѧԺպգСȴǸѣȳɼƽ϶ǲмΪ֮ġ
˪µģͷӵĻ˪ԼԽ࣬Խ˵ԼˡͷܸһأƾĲǹŻи֣ŻÿճĺɽеĶˮʯ
δСܣĳɾͣ϶ͷǿ
ˣЩ⣬Ҳû룬Сӱϲ̵ķɱ
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ֶƤһɹչԡ
Ҳʮӣһ̶иɢ
ϣⲻǴҵôǵڸƲﵯˣ


16 
ֶüŤͷһУѾ˪żصСһæʳˮ
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񼳣ҵɫһ䣬ȴͣ
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񼳣ûµĻ鷳뿪һõ١ҵòͣµ٣Щŭ⡣
񼳣ҡҡȣ˼棺ƣϲ裿
˪˵ͷһСŲǰһ˸豭Ҫϣ񼳣ȣ
Сﲻϲҵٵӡ
ôһƲﻹйأ񼳣۵
ֶԵվ𣬲ɿڵ⣬ϵġ
ᰵ˵ͷ¡
˪СڿջֳȻҲ٣ʾ£СĲ鲻Ը񼳣ǰ˸豭䵹
񼳣豭еȥһ룬ۡ
ڲˮһβ©ȫҵϡ
ιôС۵Ŀҵæͳ־˹ȥŭ񼳣
ôȿˮѺȣ׼ˣ񼳣ɹȥ
С磬ȴҵסС꣬ˣû£
ǵһӾǵһӣ踺صĹȷʵͬ졣ϧ񼳣м鷨ȴûʲôȥ껹
˵С̲סԺǰʱ仹ҵ鷨ԽԽشѾ̾硣
ֻ˵ԺϺͿˣ۹⡣񼳣ߵ
񼳣ҵĶͷٸҳԲѷҶ㲻
񼳣վЦбøһ
СȫǵһҵĿ
ƣҶƣ˵鷨ȶСõһ
񼳣ЦкĿˣûеõκӦ֮󣬺ݺĭ
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˵ģССϲ
˵ģ񼳣ȻҵСһһûõҲһ丵ϺͿ
СһûõһڲӵһȦҵȻ
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ӣСܺǧˣȲĿʱվ˴롣
˪㣬ˣɼѾˡ
ԶԶģСӻֱ۴Ⱥ񱼶
ҵɫһϲ񼳣ǣ΢΢
˪㡭
һʮ꺰һʮСѾͷ㣬ޱȣСȴе˳ڣ˼ڴֳһ·񱼵֮ſڵҵֻ˵ڶ
飡
ҵŲһΣĳʸײڵأڵ˫֣΢΢
˪ڣСŴͣЩŶϢ
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ˣҲ֣࿴˼أСظ֤
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ҵĿһͣ˫ȭչŭ⣬ңǱȡʸͱ֣ѧԺĴ̫ˡ
սЩϢ˪ͻȻ𣺡ӣӣ첻ˡ
ˣ˪㣬㲻ǵ˺ܾ𣿡СӻЩ㲻״ɾȵ
վգϻô˪۾һɣչ¶ɡ
Уգ
Сһ֣ҪкСӣҵǰһˣԸķ䣡
˵վſȴ񼳣ȶź
ת񼳣󲽶ȥŵĴЦ
ҵһģҪһõһſѧи㡣Ҫɼƨɵ¡ʵʵϺͿɣ
ҵ˫ȭֽһ
ľ俴񼳣ıӰֶдֵʱ״̬кܴϵĻ˲򵥰
ҡҡͷӦ˵ľʦ򵥡
ŶֶԸв⡣
ҪĻĻȥǵһˡ
еϣСѾͷûƳͷϰߡֶ˵ͷ
ѣϧ
Ǻϰ壡
ֶЦЦŲԶź֣Сӣе㣬
СһĳСܺȥٶȣһ
͵͵СܣֶڶԼ֮󣬲Ȼ˻ȥ
ֶЦãȴҲûзСӵķ
ðΣСŤָСϱηηȳֶ


17 һ
ֲ֡á
ֶȻһЦ
Сӣܸܲ˵˵ȶ̣
Сһֱλֲ׷ͷӴȥҿջ¡
̡΢һ˼·Сӿڵȶգ죬ÿȶһաһȵ飬䣬֡㡢䡣
ôֵģֶѯʵ
չ߰ٷ֣ÿһٷ֣ļѧԺֻҪۻܵõʮ־Ϳõһʿ
ֶ˵ͷ׷ʵСô£
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СӵĵǾȥڳҲòֶ׷ʱŵÿСѧԺʮ˲룬ȫŵѧӻظ룬ҵͨ鷨֮⣬Ҳ鷨Сȫ룬СҲķݡ
ֶüʵҼǵ˵ȵ
ţСӸæͷһ£̲סֺһ䣺ֲļã˵һܼǵá
ֶҵҲĻ治ǵС˵ȵʲǫ̂ǰɨһ۾һֲ©ҶȣѪ
룬ֶʵյı˳ÿ궼
Сҡͷÿ궼һպСı˳ɸƶġ
Сıȶأ
СıȶʮѧԺԺƶһףȻץȶСĿΪ˷ֹԺѿй¶ȥǱȶǰһץξڶıȶСĿ
ֶһЦץεʱ򣬸Ӧ˲ɣ
ǵȻҪȻ˭ץҲܷڡ
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Сɴ⣬æһСˡ
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ٳϣ˷ڶȶĳɼܿ񼳣һҵ
ң˪в̣ҵȴִӦ¡
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ĳ峡ѾҲСǸȻ˭Ҳȥį¼ŵҵһ⣬ȴ¡˪СҲϲɫֶ۲ѡ
أҵȻֹ
ֶ΢΢ſ˫ۣ̫ѾƫͷܶĴٳϣȺڳɢıȶȻѾ
ҵǲǵ˵Ļ񼳣ͷ̤ҵǰվǰ㣬ӵ˵㶼ҵƨɵ¡ڣŸϺͿ˰ɣ
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С꣬ʰӣɵ˸ߣ˪һԷԸ
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ѰСӵרĻʲô飬кСǾ£񼳣ƽ
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СסˣɲСֻǸСӳԳԺȺȶѣҪΪѧԺǿɾͿˡ
СҲгɣǲ±ѧԺҪˣɾû˪Сܡ
Ҫһͷ¶ĳѾͷ򱧲ƽҵ㹻бµġ񼳣еҵԴô
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ҵȻĿȭ߸߾
ôң񼳣ŵָָӣмֳ򡣡
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ֶü΢վץƨɵµİʣŲȥ
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飡
ѪĽͷŲʣ
ҵҲŮǳѾͷΪʵ˺۸𣿡
ץ񼳣ѪܵԴֶݺݳŰײ˹ȥһ񼳣ëë̱
СӣֵǮĶѳȾʵ⳥
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СƽҲûټѪѹһֽ񼳣Ǯһ񼳣
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ȾѪİʳҵǰһƣֶЦѾˣҲûע⣬һʣ
ҵһ£Ѫ񼳣ջҡҡͷ
ֶҲΪ⣬ֱ㽫ʶ
ľСڷӦһ·ֶǹ䣡
˪Ͱ

˪κģԴֻһͷϵĺͣ


18 Ͷ
ʰöٰƶ̨һգֶıĵ˻ѧԺ˪һؿջȥס
ǣİֶǣ˪˳ѧԺſڣ˳
˳ɨֶŮüͷ΢˳ֱӶˣԶԶкС㣬⡣
˽Ų䣬ʱֶͣҲͣ½Ų
˳ƳֶŮЦС㣬ôһˣ
᰿˳ǣǰС
˳ȥջ׼þƲˡۻֵ
ţ˳һ۶ȥ
ᰣɣһ죬Ҳ֪ûչ˺ãҲȥˡ
ȥɣҡͷ
ɫһ䣬ĿֶŮɨһšʵ벻ףԼЩɽֹʣôͨ˽ʶ
Ϧ£ƻҲһң¡
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˪˺ԺֶҲʼæ׼ȵСѾͷŪһӣüЦĻط˯ŷһؿʼ
ʱ䣬˪ϵˮѧԺȵС￪ţֶһһ㿿ڽϱĿ
˯֮ʣ˱ǶֶЦЦҲûᰴк˼ĿĿѵõС
졢졢졭Ӿôеһȥ˷ʢҲнһ죬ǸܵǻڹĿռţֶ˫ۣݺݵ˸
ͷһ˪ָСӴʰʺʣĳʳ
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ңҪҵﵯ٣϶Ǹ񼳣˪ۿУӨˮдת
ֶ̾˿СѾͷԴοǸ񼳣ǹҵģûڲҲطҵҵ
ǡ
˪Ҫ磬ֶˮѧԺֻҵܵ÷֣Ҳʮķô㣿
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˪ѯסȻͬѧɲԣ
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СŴͣһʱ֪ôӻˡ
ֶҲͣ⻰ֻҪԱܶԼ˼
ȥ˹ŻڣСѾͷһˮѧԺǼޡֻҪСԸСѾͷ鷳ʱæϣ⽻ԱѣҲԸʹŻڻûʺԱ⡣
ᰣСѾͷȥôֶһ԰Ů·ᰡ
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ˣС˪ô죬᰽İؼҡֶٺаЦؼҵһ¼ǵȲغӣʮ˵Ļɱֵ۲

СѾͷһǮڻС
ЦǺǵĿͶ뿪ɨƶֶ̨̤֮Ϧһٳ
ȺɢΧתȦۿɫѾٳҲֻʣʮˮѧԺѧʱֶЩεӣһ֪ѧԺѧӶסֻ֮תˮѧԺ
ʮ·˵˵̲̣صջʱѾҳһ¡
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ڲڣͳӶ롣
ӣϸ˿꣬Ȼ򣬵ͷԭǹ㰡һͻ˿ջ
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һЦҹڷߣͷһףֻҪڣ֤ⱲҲ벻˭µĺ֡
ֶЦվ˸Ĵָ֮Ժȥ


19 
˺Ժ˸̴ӳֶкѷ˷ʯϡ
ʱҲͺۣץľһ߽һͬнã˹̨
ɫ࣬˱ǣֶʳָ󶯣̼ɨʯ
ط˱ż붮Ŀţʱ֮һ˷ܵ˽
ƹѾˣһأ²˴ѪľٺٵСջΣÿζñǿ׿ˣΪͦӲġ˭֪һףȥͰˣӣƨˣ졣
ĻζǣǺģ¥Сд񫡣
ֶһжһʮ
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ֶҡͷУЦֵˣӲ࣬͵ǳһٰɣ
ǡԥһ£½Ҿʹֵлƹˡ
ʲôֶк֮󣬿ڵС簲żĴһ¸ˡ
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ֻһ֣Ҳǵˡ룬ֶǿջͯǸӣиۣò֪ǡӵйĿ鷨ӦҲǷͬһ㣬縮ӦһŶԣ˴
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أ
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ֻһʱ䣬񼳣϶ֻȷһСܹʤҵ⸵Ҳ򵥣뵽񼳣ڵһСĳɼ֮ǰȥŭҵȻٳóɼ֮ݺݵĴҵҵСʧˮ׼ڶҲ޷ָӦеĳ
ټϱȶ˳ǳɺϵҵ񼳣ְ;̣鷨ȶ֮ŸҵݺһԵĶˮѧԺ
ֶˮѧԺԺȻЩøУ⸵ļƣĿƺҲûøصļ
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иƨɣ˵̫үµ
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ֶܿ˶ƣڵʵûŸɵıǮֻҰ׾̩ѰѰ·ӣͨˡʧᱳº̻ˡ


20 ǵһ
գֶҵ׾̩˼Ľ֮󣬰һ˵׾̩ŵ֮ھͿԽֶҪҪͬС
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ڰ׾̩ΪʯˣûʲôõʯȴǱ쵱ֶͬУҲ
ϱĹϰ壬ƱһͣҲƽˡ
緹ʱľϵĶƺƵĿǡȫȨ¿ջ˵뱾ֳ๤˿ȴĴ˺Ժֶϡ
ƹ񣬲ˣ⸵ۣݲ˰Щ£ҪƹͬСӸŪĻɾˡ
ֻº֣ҲǺģ汻ӵĺǿҲһŵһʱϹرֶָջ˵Ļ
ֶ׸˲򵥣ɫ˵
һСܸղϢ⸵Ǿǵһӣѧ֮伸˲֪˲˵黭ͨʲôԣеޣʮͱʵյΪʿǲ˵ҫǴֻʮܻ֮ʿʸ񡣡
ѹָӣأֶЦ
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˿ĭֶɫľ֮࣬ҲɰƹݳȺ͵ԼٻһҲȻ
оǡɲɼϵأֳһϢӾ׵顣
⸵ۣ縮θ̨ͬɽĵӣҲκͿصĶӡ
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Ƭֶ̣ȻС۸ҵʱСĵ㣬ָ۳Ժ֪ͨһ
ƹǸ̫ʦĶӡ뺧Ȼ
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Щ£ֶļЦģβǣֻ۶ţֵʱһ͹ˡ
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С±͸ûϵ˻ˮֶҡͷ
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ԶԶģ˽ϵϲɫȻ͵ʲôõϢ
ֶɨۿտĺԺۿڣԼķŬŬ졣
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˽˷䣬ѷŹϣٸ۵˱ˮֶ֮ſڵǲʲôˣ
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ֶûڣһ۵ĺϣٵθڣ˵
ҸԺ
ֶ̲ס֤򣿡
۵ͷԺûˣҾ͸ڴ̨͵һᣬۣǸԺֶӡ
ֶӣֶסˣۼȻǸֶӣΪʲôƸ
ţǲ׵Ĳ֪Ǹ۽иԺ塣
˵Щʲôֶʵ
̫ͷЩҳ˵縮ʲôġŸ۾ӣ˵˹븵Ժɽ縮⸵۶ˣԺûӦ˵ʿҲʲôöֻƾع鳯áɽȰʿ̰īϵĹ˵ٺ˵ȥҾȳԺӡ
ֶЩˣǰŴջǰΣֶӡͷ˳еɷ֮⣬Ҳûʲôصĵطû뵽ȻȨ㳯Ұ̫ʦɶźɽæ
ˣֶ׸۸ⳡıԵˣ𰸳ļ򵥣ֻøˮѧԺĻ䣬Ȼȥ縮
ˣȥɣ±𵽴˵ۣȥһ£ȥˮѧԺ·ϣǳﻹǳ⣬ûʺĵط
˵ͷ˳䡣
¹Ϸţֶȴδ𵽵׸ôԸºֲһʧ
˼ܣºֵʱһԲϿԼϵԼͷϡ
иΪǱ˵ɲУ
ңɻø۲ţ׷顣ҪȻԸͬɽȨƣӱ˴ȣƱزݡ
һֱסּǿջּǿջͬʱĿŲҪ󣬲ȥѱʲôè壬ϾСڿջʵ̫ˡ
˼޹ֶ̾˿
ıⶫʵȷʵ񡭡


21 Ϣ
ʱֶ֣Դ˶ƣţһϼ룬˵⡣
ߣϦһС򣬾ȾԵĸơ
ĿɨԺյͣһǡſڣһں̿¯ȼĻ棬棬һŻɫҩĺϲðŰ
ҩ
ֶĿһͣʶԺȥʯϣſ棬ͮͮС۾˯ѡԣһҲ޷ƶӰ
˿̵ᰣ·ϼںϣһϮɫɴ£һ㵭ʥԣһֳγϾĸоɴƮƮ˿ϣϸµΣֵ쾡¡
һʱ䣬ֶ׹еĸо续
촽ҧû
ֶγѣ㬣϶ǰε˼ά֣ҪȻԼGôԴ·ɴ
ӣֶʯǰǺһЦϧûư
ƣԸв⡣
Ƽˣƻ󣬶೩һ¡ֶЦ
ݸһЦҵĻ϶Ϊ֪Ƥ񡣡
ֶ죬õĳ䣬ЦСһҧ˲
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ŶֶͷСһ￴ûʲô񰡣
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󷨵ĹЧŽеƷ󡣲󣬶ʦ˵ʵżߵҪ󡣶ңŽֻоŽʦܲó᰺촽˵ǰ˼󣬲̻ȱƶ󡣡
ֶȻżᰵʵ㲻ȴҲӦö˽⣬ûа׾̩ǰ÷ܡ
Ҫʲôϣ
ֶ㲻Ѿ֪ƭ𣿡
ЦЦҡͷֻǾõԭ򲻷˵ѡ
㵹ͦ˽ҵġֶӣҲûΪԱҴΣһҪĲֻһʯҲ֪ҪòκãҲ˵嵽Ҫ٣ɣĵѡ
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ҲУֶЦ
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ᰵ˵ͷܷܷжһɫСƿСƿŵֶǰڵ·Ѿõò࣬ʯҲΪڵĹˣ澭֮ǰԷһԣһŵҩЧԳһꡣ͵һٿʯϢɣ
ҾͲˡֶҲ飬ֱ㽫СƿУȻ󶪽ƶ̨С
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ǵλãϵͳԭѡԺӵҽǴѷȻ㽫÷Źȥ򿪿ջϵͳֶԣѡŸĵַ
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һּǿջƽͼֶǰǵռΪʮƽףҲòֶֻǴԹһʯںԺλãǵĸĵַȥ
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2ջֻͬʱֻ޿ӳֻ2ֶ漴ǵԡ
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ӳɣ2
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ȻûͨԺ󣬹ȴʹáѡãֶΪ2ӳɡ
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Ժſڣ۴󲽶룬˳ಽ
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ʯԣ۲δ£ǽһдҩֽƬ𣬵ֶ¶һĨ崺Цݣƹ鷳æץһҩ
УӹֽƬֶַ档
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ֶĻ᲻֪۵˼мүͬүмһأŪ˼ֽƬֶ˫ǰСһʲôֺ⣬⣬ѡһ
Сת˼£˸۰׸ֶ
˼ͨԡֶЦĵʱ򶺶ãҲȤ
Լһ˰ɣóʲôءᰣûҾȥˣ
ץϵֽƬЦſᰣţ᰿϶ῪͬС
˳ֶЩмҼҹһ±Ͷ̥лᣡ
ţӦһ
ȻҲʧȣ΢΢һЦһȻתݵȣ󲿷ֵŮԡ
һط澭ˣϣζ
ȵ˳ԺӣֶվЦǺǵתȥ˷䡣
˵ʵˣüƽϵģݲףҲԸϡСʵǷȥֶòˬ
ֶص䣬ĸҲ˳˿ջʲϣһ
˳ȥǸʲôɽˣȻҸؤסּǿջҸȥø״˵ּǿջסɽˡסؤһҧּǿջƹɽǵӦ
ؤϻи˳ЩˣһתͷӣһСջѣһݣ׾٣
ʿˣҵ׽֦ҡͷ
ȥ졣
Σ˳ֻһСܡ


22 ץɽ
ص䣬ֶ͵Сƿó
οƿ΢΢бµµһŷۺɫСҩ裬㻺
᰼Ȼû˵ʲôעȻòʲô׼ֶһӣҩ趪С
ҩڣһůʼɢ˳ʺ뾭С
£ůھм֮µĻѩ񻯿
һ峺ľֶĿ࣬һʱ֮䣬֪Գ֡
츳һǾ̺ʵĶѣǶ鼼ٶȡ
Ѿ̺ͨʱһ谭ͨеľ䣬ֶԭľľѵõǣҪͨ߹հ˹մӷ϶дС
ڣůľľУȴϡ٣òͣ٣Գ衣Ҳζţʱһʱ佫
ۿůԴݿ֮ϯȫֶþö޷ʵ
һֻǳ˿Сҩ裬츳ͻͽ
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ֻܵԼеֵͬĻر֮ˣϾû澭϶Ҳ֪澭ĳȿջϵͳȥԺ󣬲ûʱ澭
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볯һԼʮһŻһȶԵĺʵ԰ͷɽץûУǿջӪҵأ
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һһĵЦ˲ʱ˳ǺҪǸɽûᣬ˳ֵдɽйᣬô죿
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ҼңҲȥס
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˳Ҫڣۿᰣȵʲô£
˳һ˸飬͵۳᰿ȥûʲô֮˿ãСԼô֮Ӧûġ
һԣֶаʧ㣬¿϶Ѳ˹ϵ벻ȻᱻΪǿ
Ūãõηһˡ
뼸䣬һըڴڱ
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԰ͷȻһָ͵һɫгĸͷ
һӵϣ˳ЦһССĿջƹ񣬾ȻҼҹӣôùİɣ
۵Ҳ΢΢Ŀ΢΢ɨֶӣɺͷ֮󣬸ոɫоʡ
һСջƹᱻԼһۡȴüƶԸһûзԼԱø׶ŭˣִѹʿԼ޻֮½һСջƹԼҲܳΪв


23 ·ת
ԩҲɽˣԩġ
ͷȻ캰أϸ첲ϸȣҲУǿңǺɱ㽫Ʒ
ԩţ֪ԩԩˣߣ
԰ͷһһӡ
ֶɫĳ˳ۣСӵϣ޷Ƶɫ
Сʲôʱסջģ
ʱ򡣡Щɽ˺ðǿջסһӲǻʮӣڿջסأ벻ͱץˡ
취Ρֶ
Σɶͷԣһʱ벻ֶ˼
ֶ˲룺˵˵ɽˣһʱ߰ˡ
ŸоЩԣҶʣŲ˳˸豭ǵ뼷ȥ
԰ͷˣȱ衣
ۿ쵽м䣬뵹һˮ֮󣬶Ц԰ͷ

ӹ豭԰ͷһ㽫ղ豭ݸ룬ͼȻеĲͷԴȥ
Ⱳ޵ľɽˣӲ㡣
飡
ˮ磬˲ʱķըͷһţ̱
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԰ͷȣǱµ͵һƵض롣
԰ͷ㲻֪ǰԶŵʱ򣬲ûɽ˵ⲻɽˣ˵ʲôҲóڶЦǺǵǰһӲɫ԰ͷС
ţ˴ߡ԰ͷ룬˵ͷһӣȳȥ
˳ɵˣľ籾ͷſ֮Ӧÿʼƹģʱ԰ͷ϶ɣһʣͷͰƹ
Ѿ赹ˣ籾ôȥ
ۿԲѵͷҪܳã֪ûͬЩ۵İ
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ͷ۽ŲһͣĿ뿴԰ͷ
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ǸֵҪ˳ˣֶȶͷúƹˡ
ƹ񣬾Ǳԩġ
һŻˣҾ˵ջƹɽйɣûţҲ˳˭˵ǣ縮˭һῴˣӵһۣҾܿƹʲôˡ
˳ƳֶɲɵӣڻԼҪùˣƱͷʱҲһͨ
죡˼ֻΪƹƺʩȡɫ࣬޲һŰ˳
˳ɫӲ񡭡ȷʵ֤ƹͷͬõԼͷһԺС
ߣͷֺ캰汻ԩģƣֵؤôɽˣ
ؤ
һʱ֮䣬˶סˣֶҲͷˮ⳪һѲɣֻŻŻԼûôɣ
˳ɵˣòװͷεŤ˻ôֳˣͷӦвĿƹ˵ĻɲŶԡ
ģֵؤͷͷһ˦ۣ˫ڵƴŪ˼£ͷƴץŪգۼ䣬ͷҲ
˶ˣ
ؤ־£ڵһ߷ȥһ߰ϵĳ䣬һֱߵؤ
ףôһֵؤ
ԶԣղŻûãôһŪǡ
ȺУ˿ʼӦ˵ͷģֶҲеˣǰξؤͯ価ģȷʵͷģ
԰ͷⲻǰѩ죬·˵ˣǷҪ׵Ǹؤ𣿡
һۺȻ
ԶԶԣңҾǸؤͷæͷǼûҶƹֳֺȣʵǹⲻȥҾ͵͵ǡһ룬죬ʲôطηܳԹס˯֡ϧʶˡ
԰ͷЦãôһ˵ؤˡ


24 ͳһʮ
ĿɨΧ۵Ⱥ԰ͷ̾˿˶ǵؤװץȥɽˣҲõ͡
԰ͷһŲ򵥣˵б͸ˮ΢һ˼ȵؤû㴩ģסջ
ؤʳָһ죬ֱָ˳ˣҲѱƽȻվ
СӣңҺóԺúȣһѡĩָʮӣסּǿջ˵ץңҳԼɽˣƹҲ°Ժ֤һӸҡ
ؤץץͷٺЦ˼ƹ˭ĺˣһ⻰һȭһ룬Ҳָȥұˡͷʮӣô꣬ҲƹٶðС͵ʮӻƹ񡣡
԰ͷɫڵ˳׷ʵղô˵
㲻֪Ӷ뵽ηð취֮һֱѰ˼Ҫȥסԣ͵£ֲңץҡ
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䡭
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ȥԭ
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ɵСӣ֪Ͳ԰ͷ˸ѡĻؤԸҲ¶ˡ
ץ
԰ͷһָۺᰣǷӵϡ
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룬Ӧǳᡣ۵
԰ͷһ㶣ĬȻʿһƾͱ˼Ҵߣο˳ִ󷽣һ֪Ǵ˼ҡ
˼ҵʿһССİͷǵġ
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ӣҡ
˳ͷת򣬼Ŀɱɺøεѡ
ҲԴ飬ۿеɱңһ˸⻰˼
ͨһ˳ڵء
ӣһʱͿǰԺðҩƹͻȻ졣ܾ֮£ʧְҩ޸飬Ҳûϣƽ˵ʲô£Ӵû֣ǴιȴΪҩ޵ºݺݽѵһ١
˳µԽԽ¶ƹһʱͿ뵽ݺ
žһһȥ
ˣƽô˵ģΪһС£Ȼġ
ŭɶȴ԰Ĳ٣˳е㼱ǵģ¿˳㻹һԼĿеĵλ
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ӦòŶԣԼķѧʶᰶȻԼһСջƹʲôԹ˵ȥݺˡ
ӣҴˣ´Ҳˡ˳۵ĽűߣĴȿ˳˹ôķϣĹһذɣ
һŽ˳߿Ĺ㣬ƹĹ𣿡
ǰɣ˳ЩˣѲɣҪԼȥջƹԭ£
ˣҲһʱͿ
ԶֶһЦ
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ֶҡͷҪǣ̫ˣһ㵽Żȥѡ
ô죿뼱ܾܲô˰ɣ
һҵȻûʮ塣ֶЦȥˮѧԺӦþ⼸ˣ۶㣬Ѿ˳ͻҲòˡ
ƹŶԸĻЩԥº϶취ģ͵͵ɱˣ˵鲻ͷϡ
ģа취Ǻ޵ʳѰȴǱֶȻһЦԭֻСѵڣһ֪ʲôһӵجΡ
Уھȥ۶㡣
ҲȥǸ̫ʦǻʵۣһС£
ˣֶóʮĽӵݸ룺ԺӣѾߣؤӹȥסϲĻ԰ȫǵؤӹȥ԰סöɡæţӲֱӵ̨ȡҳȥ
УҲؤʶʶ
صͷƽؤϼţؤôȴ֪ĸо
ȵ˷䣬ֶû˷κʱ䣬ϥ붨״̬
аµʵں۵ݣȥʲôıƣһĳ࣬Žг죡


25 
㼲ۻӶޣյһɨգǰ˫ĿУ˷ܵĹâǷ޳ˣ·ֹеԲλ࣬Ů۲ת޲ýϡ
壬Ѿʼԥˡ
Ǿܾܿ˲ûа
ڸλ壬˵ʵЩмһѧ峵ʿЩ֮УʿݵΪ
òϣλطȷʵŷǷĲܣڣ󺺹Ҳ˿ɽ꣬ױӵ԰иõֻټϻʵѸߣ޵ʹֶѹƣػسò¡
˳
ۿŽۻͷһͯ
ӣʲôԸ
˳æǰ
سԺ취ҵûʲôȤáۿڵ
ţ˳ͷ
۲ٶԣԭļ㵱Уҵܴ˴ȻήҲȴûԵҲǿûһ񣬽ָҲΪˣŻԥ
ţֻҪҵ׳٣λʧ͸ĸȻĻ䣬ˮѧԺѧӶ౧ԹѧԺһʿҲûȡֻʣԼ縮һ·ѡ
˴ǣһ·ܵĿҲԽԽࡣԴˣۺһЩĿ⣬ġ˳ǽӵ磬ȴĿһ㣬ֺĻޣʱʱߺǰ浲ÿ
һ·е֣βˮѧԺѧǶԸµĿȻһ˻УͻأǰԵȥ
ӡ
ۿ˳Ʒ£˳Ȼæס̽δͷԴһʹŲʡ·
ŴӵУһ˫ڲЬ
һ۾̧ͷۣ˲ػԺУֻһеּǿջߺ߿߿̫үŮ˭ұ٣Ҷ
ֻԴʹҪƺʲô
ӳģһհ߰ߵͬšĿһͣȵƹʲô˼
ֶһܣָڵöţнࡣ
۷ţѧȴֻǳžֶҪ硣Ĵָϸս
Ҳͽͣ侲Ŀаֱֶ
ƹûôĺ
ֵֻġֶ
һЦΪͿƲϵ
νֶ⣬ȷʵֵģϰ͵ϰСƶڣҪϰֵĻʵ˵ȥ
ſңſҡ
һԣͬýʵʵ˳˹һʱƴ󺰴СֶһܾĻɣɣƺҲû㡣
ֵģԭ㣿˳ڸ״ֶС۾ֱðǣſҺ͹ӣҪȻÿ
ۡľôģЦ۾ǰ
㡢ʲô˳Ȼֵſǣ֪֪˭
Ȼеľݺݳ˳ļͷɨ˹ȥ
һ˳ԵڵأײڵϣðһѪݡ
ҡҼסˡб¾ʹңҪȻһѿ
ͦӲģϣܼȥ
һȥʹ˳۴СҲû⿴֣һ˸յأΧΣ㳯˳䡣
ҽ˷˵ĶУ˿֮СͬڣҶʱʱͷ￴һۣУĽ֮Ա
ȡңӾҡǣңҲˡүү
˳ĺԽԽʮԽ󣬳˴鴤ֻʣġ
֣۶Ҳͣڽͷ켣£֪أٴȥ͵óˡ
˳ΪԼãð˼Ѫ֮˳лллүллү
ûϴǸᣬ룬Ҵʱ˼Ҳſס
볯˳˿ĭĿһɫƽĸۡ
ϣСܰһ㡣
һЦ˿̣Ѿȫָ򶨡һаƹһȺ¶ݵĻƶѣͨˣûܴռˡ
Լͨ
ţԼֻҪ˵һݣȺһ㣬˲ҲֻȺڵȻŵøεѡ
˳ʱû˵ΪҪɣҪһȺصɡ
۵ô󺺹һ̳ɻѾ㹻ˣ۾û̫࣬ûв͸ǽѱѹԼϣһرխ
Լܵ˺ŲԱ
Լʮͯ˴ðԼһŭ֮أȥԱܲһ
ۿеľѾ߸ȾѪĹͷ޺ۣ۵΢΢ľ֮ʣȵ³
Ǿʿ


26 ѱ
źХµľȻһ٣ϣ¶һĨȻ
ƹƶϣСӦûֱӰ˵Ŷԣô˵˸ʿ⻹ôȥ
飬ڸ۵ǱԼݸסˡ
Ƿ䣬һʿˡ
һع۵ӽ⿪
벻ɻͷֶ
ֶĻῴΪ۵ġ͵ͷۣʧЦʿ˲ɱ˭֪ģ
԰ľԴ
ϲӻһڸ۵ļϣʹŹء
ʹһŭ룬ʿҲҴ췴𣿡
飡
һ£ֱӽڵء
ʲôʿʿӴ㣬һ˭õֵǣҴ򣡡
ۿѾͷۺƱĦȭƣĻ͵סįһգӵϣøشŭϡ
ˣɱǣҾͲиۡ
ҵʹ۽˺֮ǣôҲû뵽⼸ˣ˳̶ȡ
ɱڣ
ҪٴĸͻȻĻҲҴ˵
ס֣
ȫ۵ͺһ
һϲС㿪ˣƽģһǻ۳Ⱥӡôò˵ٺݻҲûá
Լͷƹһѣܿϡ
ͣ£ô˵ֹδۺơ
ϵĺзڣ³סѪ֮󣬺ȵǻյʿǵһӣ
ƹ˵ǾǵһӡŤͷֶΡ
ɱңһŭ֮±ض׷顣Ϊõľҷ鵽ǣ׾١۲ؽ˫ȺͼӵϣɱʿǻյʿǾ塣
ֶжһɺɸֵĸоһݶ˵𣿺αذһٹ˵һٰһٹ˵һ
û취ֻܼˣ룬ֶһȰǴ飬ҲҪһʱܲ鵽ͷϣˣɱ֮·ǻյʿֲǻӣйǹ£һʱͷƽ˾ˡ
еֵǣ򣡡
ŭһ˵Ȼٿˬ϶үˣү򲻶үϢһ
ľٶȴŻͷ£۾ʹ̣֮ǰİȻ޴棬̲סڵϴ
סס֣縮֪ͬɽĶӡ
ͣͣͣϲæֹס۶ˡ
˼֮ѾûУžƾ̸˵˳Ҹ׻֮ףҲӦ֪ɱңҸ׶Ȼݡȫ̲飬ܶһ꣬ܶ㲻ꡢ꣬ᱻץ
ƹ񣬸ͬɽ̫ʦ˵ʿƶߣҪɱˣ⻹˵ã
ҪǷº󻹲һ鷳ǡ
ֶȽۿ֣ĸҳɣæʹ׷ʵʲô
ǡֶ־ݣ˵ʿǺҪӵģʲô˵İѱϵĻǿԷ㡣
ˣ
ѱ֣ȴ˸ֽһʱðͷԼǼܣ˸Ͳܲ鵽˵ʱڰųһɺˡ
ɾɺϣѱϣѹԼҲܽ޷ǣ
Ը⣿ֶЦ˵ʿԶһУǲԸѱˡ
һһУ⼸ԳƵʿҪѵľ񡭡
ۿٶȻӹǰ˲˾Ը⡣
ͺáֶƶ̨ȡ׼õıī֮д¥μˣӻ𱣬Ժץ˰ǹν֣Ըƨϴ̸Сͼдݻڹ顣ǡ˵ܶ˾ַͨ鷨һ취˶֣ҪƫĻҶ㲻
һйƤ
⿪ϵ۸ĥīƸס۲ֱۣҲƬ̵Ĺ򣬸۽ëһţԹĶֶдˡ
ܺãסˣһѱŵùˣֻҪʲôҸұ֤ѱڵһʱеϡ
ֶһףƵץ۵Ĵָմī֭֮ӡֽϡ
һи㶨еľݺݳŸ۵Դ¡
һ죬ͲҲ̶õĸۣԴȻһѪ
ʳָϵɫߣ£ЦǺǵ͵ֶǰһԵ˳ŬŬ죺ƹСӿɲʲôģǸ
ӹ䣬ֶЦҡͷģɱڣָѱԲ鵽֤ݡ
еٺٵƹ񿴲
һμ˲ӵĻڹƨɺ̸СͼΪ֤ݣֶûı֤۲˺ƤȻкֻ֡Щٶˡ
ֶ䲻ٶȴҲûȤӵˣľƺһһĽó룺ľƹϣҪסҪȻ·СӰ۵ͷñȥУСͼһҪûҳסȻĻǾͲ֤ˣڸԸͬɽ񡣡
ţͷͳһݸƣ֡
û⣬֤Сͼ֡Цòá
ЦеĴĵ磬ȵĻô
Уε£㹦󡣡
һӣΪˬ
ȵֶһӵսƷصջѾֻʣ°ĸۺ˳ǹ⣬һ·Ŷֵ롣
̼䣬˱㱻԰ټƵ·˸Χˮйͨ
·ΪĿ⣬ľƻζ֣ܿɢϯǡ
ǵһӣμ˲ӣʾڣ


27 
صջֱֶӱ㱼Ժ
Ժʯԣ᰾ţŶ·緢ٴ飬Ҳ޷еһ˿
ϣɫĳһܲƴĿҧֶγε۾˹ȥ
ǸֶЦǺǵᰶ£ɫսƷó˹ȥ˵Ĩȥֻ취һǸ߽ʦ޸󣬶Ǳԭ˵ʵǿһ磬ҺҪûﵽ
ᰲδȥ䣬в޺ۣô˵ҲѣͲͷ
ֶûջأƽȵķᰵǰЦĵ٩¾͵ڳϴ󣬸ˣҶۣ㻹ѡϽɡ
ݸһЦȴƽĶ
׬Ķֶһһӵ·ѣľƣīһֽľ롢ЩõĶͲˣ˵ĹǮ׬һ䣬Ҳ̫ߡ

̧аָ䣬˫΢΢һ޵Ө䣬ģһʺҺ䵱
ˣ
᰽ŻֶС
ô죿
ֶ죬ҲͰӰɣ
лˣһȥʲôöĻһݡֶЦվ
ҡͷҲҪĶ
׬ģ
ֶɵķһ䣬Ҳǿ󣬴󲽻ص䡣
Ϸֶ֮ȲĽָ󣬵ڷֳһ˿žгȥ
ԺУ˲ʱһʮҵСռ䣬ռڷĸľ䡣
ĸľȫ뷿䡣
򿪵һľ䣬ǵٿڶﾹһҫ۵һ㣬˵Ҳǧ֮ࡣ棬ʮƱһʮţǧһš
ֶɫһϲԤҲֻӣȴû룬ȻЯǧľ޿
ӣѾ׬ˡ
ٴ򿪵ľ䣬һװżĿɨʲôǧ־Ѱʷ
ܿ죬ֶ㽫Ŀһľ䡣˨򿪣ǣֶЩˡ
澹һɫĶǶ㣬ġġ׵ġۻҡ
񱣿ֶ棬ˣҪĲĲɣҪг࣬ƫƫõһͿ̫֮⣬ֶΪûʲôȱ㣬벻񱡣
һɫǶỬ࣬ƾָо֪Ƕʵزͬ졣
̧һǶһ˵ĵ棬ֶ˲ʱɴ
дżƮݵĴ֡¹Ľ磬Ǭʮ³
ĶǶ
ֶЩκˣ⸵ۺñ°ĶǶ͵
ָ͵ģ˳ҪҲδ֪
ֶѸһٷ棬ȻҲдһŴ֡ɺ֮ŮǬʮ¶ʮ塣
ٿģݸ죬ľȻҲƷ֮Ů
ˣÿɹ
ƾǶϵּԳΪһİѱ͵ĻǰҪģһԳȥЩŮ˵ԻܵСӰ죬ӻ޵ҧгݡ
μ˲ӵĻڹ飬ЩǶԸҪʮٱ
һǣֶƶ̨΢һĥʮƱȫȺ˽ȥ
ˣƶֶ̨Ȼۣ˪̫СǷб˻Ӹ㡣
ʮռ䣬˵Ҳǧӡ
ջķᣬҲֻЩ֮ֶʰ飬ľϥȵκ֮ӿžת
ʮһչһһ˷ܵվ⡣
ƹ˳ѾŶȵĸˣƨɣ֣۲ŷͷĽ𶧡
ֶЦЦʮƱóݸ룺ȥˣǵȥӦûļҹǧӵ䡣
Щ񣬺ðβƴ֣·ʲôֲĶһ˼ͣ¡
ƹⶫ̫أҪ·ŪˣҲⲻ𰡣
гϢֶƱӲϺ󣬿ڵæʱȥǡǧƱ֮⣬һǧҵζԸۣҳ⣬ǳôҵһǵһ롣֮ӹǣЩƱŰҸ֧¿ջؤǱߵķá
һһ룿
ݺ˿ĭܾ˵Լֻǳ⻰ôҲ˵ڡ
ǧӣȥԳΪʮĴǣҲңһӡ
ԥֶԸȥ͵ˣûʲôȥæİɣһ
һ£صͷ


28 ䷽
νֵڷз֮ǵǣ෹ĶҲתơ
ǵĴȺ٣ջÿʱҪһѵӣͷҲԽԽࡣ
˵ζͨͨһǸо
һӲǱСǮڸ¥һ˻һ̵ͽ޳ˡǵĴҲ٣Żͷ࣬ÿÿѾĴξֵ仹Ȳʮƽÿÿߴξֵȴﵽÿʮӡһ͵ֵʮͶʮͷµӯ
ÿµ벻ӣпջҲֻּǿջһҡΪϰ壬ֶȴûȥáڣһͣҲû
ֶϥϣŵϲ
УУһܻص˲ʱ㽫ԭտյĵʵʵ
߶ףӯζͻڼ
졢졢졭ֶ֪ƣĿھУÿһλصʮ֮󣬵ڹ
ֶϵϲŨעҲС
һص򣬵ﻺͣʮ졢ʮ졢ʮ졭һ˿ϸСڵⲿ֣ӿһαһζɢ
أƵĵȻѿֻʣһ㵭Ө⽫
ֶһ˫Ȼϣ¶ϲ֮ɫ
鶯ڶأ
ͻˡ
ֶ˿˸ڷƬ̣ȵƽٶϥ
½뾭·ʧȥ֧ţӨѸήʮ֮һСȵһعӨ⣬ӨȴŴ󣬷ڲѹֱȫСʮӨ⵱С
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ֶ񣬸տƱѹʮе죬һ죺ϲ鶯ءý䷽
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ϵͳʾֶУȻһűֽƬֽƬϣɷ軭ĹŹ֣էһȥֽƬɻֽʿķ
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ϲװɹ
ϵͳʾٿϵͳ˵Ȼһװԣװž䷽
Խã䷽þԽ󣬿ջȻҲоƣȴõİ㡣ֶ΢һ˼ΪͻƵ鶯ڶѾլʮ죬ҲǸóˡ
򿪷ţҽŸո׾̩ӭСܹ
ֵܣͻˣͻˡ
׾̩嵽ֶǰʱѾ˵ͷ£ʶնյż۸ؿһһ࣬ȴŲõЦݡ
ֶȻװ׾̩ϲģȴɻʲôͻˣ
סѾﵽ鶯ˡ׾ֺ̩Ǻǵ
ϲϲ벻Żеӻд¾Ѿﵽͽ׼ˡֶæϲ
ɶ󡣡׾̩ץסֶͷ˷ֵܵܣŻʮþˣ԰ϸ˵ϲ£һһҪһ
УҴźþ㡣ֶһӦ
׾̩ͷƬ̣¶ĨΣѾͷһлģƾ˵ƤѾͷҲϹ
û¡ֶҡͷ
ֵܵĶǴ󣡡׾̩ЩĿһ䣬ǰ⻰˵ֱ׳ɾջץɽʱֶЦǺǵһʰ˳һĻûˡ
һûλƹı仯ʵ̫
Ű׾̩г˼䣬ֶŽá
緹ʱ䣬ȥ仹û븺ãһæýͷöֶ֣Ҳֻǽƹæ
˿ջֶһ·ǰУСʱ֮󣬵ʮ֡
ֵĿһɨֶߺܿ㶨һӭչİɫϡ
¦Ǿ̣
ۺþƣǾڣǰ㡣ҷ񣬿ڸмã縮Ҳǰ
¦Ǿׯ¦Ǿ̣¦Ǿׯǵӡ
δţ˱Ƕֶ̧˽ȥӼٶƽ棬һž̳룬ֹ̨һʮͷűζĶš
Զһ㣬ΧһľԳ緹
ûкֶֻ̨


29 
ֶŲأġȴû룬̨ף·ܵʲôһ㣬Ȼ鼮̨̧ۿֶ

ֶ곤˿ƽҲĮЩأ£
ƣֶЦɨ۹̨鼮ʱһ壬ҲѹֶԷ˷Ӧ
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ڳԷҲ̨ģֶʶʲôаܼӣţƲԸҲͰˣϾⲻ˼ҵĲҵȻүҲС
ȥȥȥ¦ǾׯĴүͷػ˻֣ȥŲԶԷĻǺȵ˻ˣŲűүȫϻؼң
ʱ֮ǰһԸȫֶӭǰ
Щơ
¦Ǿ̵⿰ƿʮƣ絽緹ʱ򣬼ûʲôͣ١òæһ磬û룬Ȼƣһϴ͡ҲͰˣûɷǸԼʵĸƣǵùĻȻкƵĿˣ˭֪ɷֻǸ裬˺֮ʲôҲ
˵ɣҪ֣Ҫһû
ļֶ֣ӵ
һģģģСƲԸȥˣٺ棬ûҶʶֱӵҪ
õֶ֣׷ʵ
㵽ҪԹ졣
ʲôеۿͣˣֶҲüƽϣתߡ
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30 鷳
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31 
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ҲͶʮ꣬ôֶҲһ˺֮ӡԼ򲻹ȥԺ᰹С
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32 ˼ʮ͵ͷ
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һԶȥıӰͷ˿ĭȴ֪ı


33 ɽ
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34 ƺ
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ԺռҲһĶң㣬שߣһݵʯʨͨ˼ҵլҪԵࡣ
̤ǰԺһ·ͨ裬ӰҲûšãֶżŵĳ̨ſһɫ۵ӡ
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38 Ϊ
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ھɬѶ䣬ֶоͷۻòײͨŵ˼
ʵʹøֱеļɣֶЩ￴ôҲ޷ˡ
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ˣ±Ǽϳһֱûҳ͵ͷʱ䣬ĸϻǵڿջʶˣԼһջ飬СѾ߶װ磬˵Ҳ١
ֶЦˣ¥ͷƣǸλ̫ү׼ġϣλ̫үɾеˡ
Ск˵ҳˡ̣λ̫үӣǧ£ȰѽׯӳӦǧ㲻θڡҡ
ֶ˿ô˵ջ뾭ӪȥϾԲܵλ̫үҳȥλ̫үŪǡ
ҪͿտջֻܼϣĸϻʶȱҪˡ


43 ƴ
طҲʮ죬ݽߵĵָӯ
ٳʯϵܲѾһ롣
ǰǰҧźܲãֶ˿ϣһڵźãͣĥаĥſµĿԡ
ҪǵڵȫȬһڻȫãµõһԶķܶĿġ
Űʣֶʰģɱϡ
׷սδ̫ãһܽԺ
ƹ񣬲а
ǧҲֶ΢΢üλ̫үθڣҲʵ̫˰ɣ
ǧӣѾֵǰʮĵ̰ϵˡλ̫үҪôθڣӦ类˲Ŷԡ
ҡͷֻǧҡ˵ÿһƱ£¦ɺͻϸƱƣǸ޵׶ֻƹ񡣡
ȥҴӴŽȥ
ֶʷŻƶ̨ӺԺĲ뿪һ·ջǰ档
̤ã̫ү磬ʳͲ࣬ſʶȼӳɵӿһͷɫñɫʳ͡ʣ̫үŲܣҰԼԱĶֱ治ĸϻСѾûбˡ
һһ룬ľʵӣϣһ欣òŮιСơ
ֱߣɭɭϴֺõЦݡ
ֱߣֻܿһݵıӰ
ӵĶ棬¦ɵЦдЩţȻ̫ϰָ̫үͬķΧ
ףⲻƹվϲ
Ĳбɨֶ㲻ᣬֲֻ˼Ĵӻ³ȹײ̽
ԣֶĲŹ˹֣̫үʧԶӭ̫үҪƽϲźá
סһף˵ƹҲˡôƹʶ̨
ֶһͣϼһץﲡһ
ɣĲȴûмƽϣŶŬŬ졣
ֶҲЩ֪¦ԣ΢΢³һקļͷൽһԡᣬ·ĲǰٶһֻС
Ĳ΢΢üʾ
ֶڳ£ٶȷʵʾ
û취ӣ˵ͬʱ¦һϸ£һλҲĪֻⷽǰ̫үԼǸӣϣá
ĲŵһЦƹϰ¦ϰף٣Ӱ쵽ջ⣬ϣֲźá
ֶ΢΢һ飬λ̫үڵһԼף٣֮ǰĶԡ
ԭ̫үٳƬֶ̣ЦŤͷһɫ֡
ȵյߣֶĶԣóĲżǿССȥ̣ûнţҪϵģûСȥҡ
ϵĽţ˵Ҳǧϣѹ̨ѾֻʣǧңֶԼգգۣȻ
ţǿ϶ûеģȥҲʮ졣Ҫһֻţܴ򷢳Ĳţܶתʱ䣬ԿջÿӯǿҲԴ롣
򷢲ˣֻǿͷ˵ģûͳȥ
Ĳ΢΢һЦִӻµȹ׳޵ǵһˣҼͷĸϻһȣŮǸ󡡣
½εε˼ǡ
ĲšһԣĸϻҧгݣҪվ𣬱СѾ߸סʱ˵˲ʮĻٴѿڶ
ˣҳ󲻿ﰡѵүȥôˣ˵ɣ
ϲҾͲƷؿڼðΣĸϻŰ
ֶĬȻ˵ߣ˻һֱעĸϻǱߵĶټ϶Ϊ߲٣Իһ
ĸϻͷûôװ
¦ɻһۣٿ˿ĲѾŵ£ȴû̽뻨ȹ׵֣˫һͬʱַ¡
ڹ͵°ڴһСƱ󣬶Ⱥ׽Ʊڻ޳Ĵϡ
Ĳ΢ЦЦɫĽƱ£Ȼ¦ɻҪͱ½С
ֶɫһ䣬ƣ޷ưոˡ
ƹ񡭡ĲЦǿջĲˡ˵ʵپͨͨɲ֪ΪʲôҪϰ飬һ治ּ֪ǿջôɫҲ֪ٹƽѳʱ䣬ʵϲǲ֪ƹ񷽱㲻߱ԭ򣿡
̫үϲƹĻܾЦƹ˵ǰɣ
ǣ̫үһΪֻԶٷѡЩ̫үˣû취Ҳþ취οа취¦Цݿؿֶƹ˵ǰɣ
һսսվŵ¦䲻Ҳ죬ȴƴͷ
ֶʱйҪƷӣȻһһĸ˵ȫұĳ嶯


44 
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ڣȴڸҪھͳջֻаǨһ·ѡ
ѿջǣ縮֮˷ѵʱ䣬ֶ붼ۡ
Ĳŵ˫ڻµ½ߣȻ飬·֮ǰ˵Ļֻһ˵û̫⡣
ĿƵضֶУЦȻܾͬ⣬˵޺
⼸ǧӣֵ
ЦЦֶ赭дʲôԭֻǿջǰʱ˸ˣջܵæ˼ѡϧѾˣҪȻ˵ʲôҲһá
ĲЦ
ҿɲôãССǣôܻʲô˹
ǰĻҿɾͺˣ֪ǲϵĸλã
¦ɲơ
ֶ޶ãĿ򻨺£ʵλӦþ¥ͷƣ°ɣ
ƹƹûش̫үĻأֻô˳ԷʱԵһѣƹѵҲ˵𣿡
½εεӦһȴܿ콫ֶ˻ȥһ̫үӣ¦ûнʲôҲʱ˵ʲô
ϰ¦ϰǺֶΣСҲ㡣ֶ
Ľ̫үĲѾãϰ¦ϰԼĻŹôõĻᡣָڳĲŵؿڻȦȦ̫ܺүͬǺһĸ
˵Ĳ˫΢΢ǵû½Ŀ΢̧ؿֶ
ԹŮ첻˺ǣҾͲǡ
һĸϻŭСѾ߸æקס
ˣҳ󲻿ﰡѵүȥԺͱˡϣ˵ɣ
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ֶЦЦĲŵĿ⣬¦ɶԴɫɨһߺӲλ֪һ¥ŮͬУỵ̫ү𣿡
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ߣȻվ𣬺ȵŮӺϣ̫үæڹżһ£ֻĴ治˲Ż뵽¡
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СѾߵĻֶȻһЦҪĸϻȥĸϻ϶ܲµԼѾ֪ݣʱԶڵõĺôࡣ
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̫үȻǸˡ½Ц
ĸϻĲŲ̫ʱˣø´սȥ̫²ý
ֳĲžƱһڣ޵ƹǿջľƣҲһɫ¦ϰ˵һֿоƱøõԭϣ֪ԭЩ
¦ϲ⣬ֶĿ⣬һգգ
ߣĲѾˡһߣĸϻٴαСѾ߸סֶףൽˡ
ۻ£ֶ¶Ĩģһ¥ŮҲᲢۣ̫үװɣ
ĲûҪںǳ⣬ŭɶ˻еƾʲôҲԸᲢۣأ˭֪ͷĸϻޱȣ˭֪ͷĸϻǸ
죡û˵ķݣֶȣһȴɿ򿪿ջϵͳĸϻڵķʶȼӳɸرա
̫үҪ·ڳĲŵؿڣ
ƹ񣬺Ժȳ𣿡
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أ
ʶȼӳһĸϻ鶸ȻҲ޷վ
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ۿĲžҪˣȻ򱧲ƽģ˶ʱŭЦ


45 С׬һ
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ĸϻһѳͷϵñУŭȼա
ͨһĲŵڵأۻҲˤ˵ӡ
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¦ɶĸϻէñµòʱ˫һҲƶɸ˫ȡ
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ĸϻһһٴһ˫Уŭ
򡢷ˡҡǱƭġ
Ĳŵݲϲ֮ǰǸѷɵ⣬ſڵϣҲҡ
ƭģΪϹ˶𣿿ڶϲûң⻰˵úۣ˵÷ǳá
ĸϻҧгݣȻץĳʣĲǰݺݳıȥ
ݣݣݡ
ʱڶ
¹Ҳˣ
ĲʹƾôģĸϻеĻȴκϨļеİʣк¡
һ̣ĸϻ·һ㣬ĲţٲȻһ䱻ݲеСΣֶͬĺ˶̲סࡣ
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СѾߵƢĸϻͬ𱬣Ѿ֣ҲȻ͵ɨ´ãûӰģѧĸϻץİʣ³˹ȥ
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ĸϻôܻһСջԷ
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ʱںԺͷȻ֪⣬Ľ£ʮһӵϣһ𼷽˶ѡ
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ֶɨƱӦöһһţȣǧ
ƹ˿ɷˣһƱ׬ǧӣȿջ׶ˡֲ֧ѾƵ±ϣͷĸϻҲԲִ׼һˡȴû룬ƹȻͰһΪġ
Ҫɱˣţ֪ĸϻݣҲֻܸɵűƽ»
ûô࣬ǧҲһСֶЦЦȥֻţȥĸϻ²ˡҪȻΪĸϻͲ̰ӣңĸϻԺҲֻܰӡ
ʱЩʣϷ޷޲ƽֻţĸϻÿĶʮٽһ㣬Ҳû׬ӡ
֪ղҾ͵͵̰ĹŪˣ˿϶Ϊĸϻġʱ򣬽ţʡˡ
ֶҡͷô򵥣۶ˡ
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󺺹Ͻ֮󣬱˵һŻڣǴҲõҲֻж۷ǿ߲ŸҶɱټɻ֮Աǡ
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ջϵͳ¿ջţʵҲ쵽ͻ鶯ڶصıԵ¼٣С׬һʡ鲻֮£ֶʱСһһ


46 
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ҧźܲһרעģʵȴעֶһһʱͻȻϮ
ˣֻҪ񣬿ջϵͳˣ
ֶӣðΣе˷ܲƽ
֮Ǿꡣ
ģѶҲƷεҼƷӣϴҼƷƣѶȻҪ˲١
ϸ˼һֶãͰæ¿ջ˵뺰˹
С취Щ֣ԽԽã
¿ջ·ĸ꣬Բɾһϲƹ鷳
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ڨЦ
ʱڿջʲô鷳ǴɳȥĴûг˵õĳӡ
˵õĳӣʲô֮ԸʧεҪ˵ǳ˵õĳӣֻи¥ĳӡ¥Ѿ߰죬Ӷ֪٣˵ǰѾ¥˱ˣȥؿ¥ˡ
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룬ֶڵºҪо¥ջ̯ҹ̯ҲܷŹҲ˶ȥǡӲ⣬Ҫҵˡסһ㣬Խ󣬶ԳҪԽߡ
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47 
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飬Ѿһ졣
⣬һ͸鲼ۺڰ߿ıֽڷһ㵭Ľԡ
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ڣֶҲֻõȬÿ׷ɱϰ鼼ĳɷѾﵽͳԿȫóƽĳ̶ȡ
գֶţ˳ԷȥŽ۵Ľ֮⣬Ƕչʱ׷ɱˡ
ȻЩͬڳԹ緹ֶ֮δԺֱͣ˴á
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ֶһЦ󲽳˴á
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48 ߽鼼
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ƼֶŰʣΪӹ̨ģȭͷЩԾԾԡ
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һҲͬûռʲôˣһȭȻռʵƺͳ䲻⣬ȴҲҡ
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ԽԽϲͥ˲ʱֵԺ󣬿Ƶжȡ
Сֵܣסģ
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Ϊܸһġ
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49 ϴ
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ˣˣקƣͥȻһĴȣָһԵֶԺ

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ۿ˽˺ԺƢӿݺ˽Ź̨תҲˣŤߡ
ϺͿ״ԺȻƨߵܵջԼ
ʱ򣬱Сүѣ


50 ļǹ
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51 Ӣ۾
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ֶֻӬڶ߷ɹĲ֮鷳ôѶԷһﻹšϾ˼ǵٵģһſջɽ˵ĸʾÿջûоֵ
ԽĶû¹˭۷ǿ߶һСسǵļѣһ̫үţвֶ˵̫һ㡣


52 ´
СӣΨһ壬ҵıү
ܽΪֶûףӴҧгݵ˵һ顣
ֶŶһûġ
ܽҪţٸŮɣĸصģ
ءֶ
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ֶŤŤӣУһİʡ
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54 
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ֶͷ۵ģǷ־¥ǿƳԤơ
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ڷ־¥һٵĻɲּǿջѵͣһʮӵҲ
û취ּǿջ̫Ƿ־¥̫ţˡ
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ۺþƣ־¥ȻҪϼʮɾƶǴϿ˹ģĻԶԶּǿջо䷽ӳɵľƣõȴʤһ
Ҫǣ־¥ȷʵЩֶΣӴھ¥죬еˣЩȴδӴϵ뿪뿪ԭڷ־¥һ¥Ū˸ʲôʫ黭ƣ¥ʲôʫ黭֮󣬷־¥߼£Ȼʫ黭չʾ̶ʮ죬Ѿ¥һ¥Ӫ˵ľۻʥء
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⼸ּǿջԲ־¥ĸϻ֮⣬ջ¥İἫлͷ͡
˵ĸϻûּǿջʮ춼ⱾֶҲͬͷۡ
û취ǾֵǵĻ
뿪ʶȼӳɣȵñ֤÷ǿջϵͳķһŷõߵʮξֵĸϻͱ廻һˣֶʮÿʱ͵ñһǣȻĸϻ֮ǰİӿջϵͳɾٰİӽջϵͳ
˵˵ȥǶ¥ʮûʳͣҪȻ鷳ȫϿջķ
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ǻˡ
⣬˪ɵɤ
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һһСȹ˪վſڣС˵ģɷǿɰ󡭡ֶסˡ
ȻվŸͺ̿
ӵغһ
أϻ쵰
ֶŭ𣬲ĸ²Ȼڵ÷·úҤһ㡣
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ŵսսǼֶ֪ץʣǺøεѡ²ƢôôˣһѵԼ
˪Щˣæǰסֱֶۡ
Ǿ̫ɹڵġ
ɹڣֶŭż£̫ɹҲɹ
ģڹŻɽɽ̫Ƚҡ˪æʾ⣺ʸ硣
ģֶһɵĿ˪⻰Ѿ˾ųɡ
츳Ϻ굱ڹŶӲȻŰŶԡοŰҲûŰڵķ
æͷԴκģϵΪʲô
˵˵ôģֶŭδȫԵÿп෽Ϊϣ⻰ûɱ֮ѾŬƴˣ
ɹʲôȽСӻѿԺôϱ
С糿ʦʶֶ飬ʦʦʦɽϰ鼼ϵ̶
̶ʲô̶ֶ
Żи̶ʦ˵ֻҪܰסں̶ײ°빦ܶ־͵ֶɫƺŭæ͵ʦ˵ӺֻܳԿܱС˪۸Ըġ
ֶ˿ԴѯʵÿмʱϢʱ䣿
ֶİ˲٣˵ҲһЩÿϢСʱҿԵ档
ʷŻƶֶ̨ʵ͵Ժ棬ȥ˹ŻڣĸˣôҲȥ˵л
ҡͷʦˣ˵һؼӣ취ȥܻܲЩҩʱٵջݷõ
ݷңУԺ棬ȥ緹
ֶͷһе˵ɽǺ̶һСʱϢʱ䣬һʦŻҲûôģ浱˶ûͯνˣ
ϲ⣬˪Ĵת¿ջԺЩӡ


58 ûȤܽ
תλæµֶ˸¯緹ʲôһ·Сܽ
ƹ񣬰Сȥ
С㣿ֶһãȻ
ǰϰŮаͽ͵
ֶӦ˻ֵҸŵĿͷ¸ļ䡣
֧֧Сֻȥû˵ס޻ǳԷ
ֶͷûæµĻҡ
ΪˣƬ̣εƹûԹȥһˣҲ˵˾ƹûգͰǹ̨ˡ
ֶɫ΢һԲ˳첽߽á
Ĺ̨һľϣŲˮһվţɫ࣬ȴҷ
˿ͷŭѹƣֶ̨
ϸĽë΢΢֮󣬰еĲ豭̣δϸϸ彣ϵĺɫ롣
£ֶ
ȥһ˹Żڡ
ֶȻ椺Ͱ׾̩뷨һԼڹŻڸһ󡣲֮ͬڣ̬ʮǧ˼飬æΪ㣬ڵǧлȥæ
Сʰһ¹ֶ̨һԵʾ
ţ
ƹˣҲ֮ǰǰŭԣݺݶ۰е̵ݸͣȥ豭̶ϴ顣
һվеĳǺȻγֱָ룺˵һ飡
ʳͼƣ׷վ⵽֮ꡣ
ûû£ġֶæȰ⡣
ʳ䲻ȫˣȴҲ֪ƹǳʵ˵棬ǿ϶档ԣһ˿˻̲סЦŵ٩˼䡣
ֶһĳ嶯ڵѾ̸ƶ̫Զľ롣
ƭң̧ۿֶֻŨŨɡ
ҸĽ飬ֲ㻳ɣûµĻˡֶӵ
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ֶͷһʱ˲٣ȻǰһţԹƣ˵Ҳǧϡ
Ʊݸ䱸׼ƴ룬ֶЦ̨ӡ
뿴һƱҲһЦ
û취ջö죬һǧӣܵҲˡ
˵һΣڹŻڲòˣŲ㡣׬һǧӣֶҲȥԼ֣ڰϸϣЩСҲƽϣҶҶ֣ϸҲá
ֶղǻ˼ˣʱ˫ֲµĳٶȾ
ֶһգգؿŰҲûٳ༤ϾС˪ͱȥ̣аȤ׾̩ܽŮ
һһּǿջһǰ̤ſڵʱͷҲšɵ˹Żڣ״ӣţȴòһˡ
״ӣڹŻڵķ⣬иʯ˵ĸײŻڣ˼λϺʦ֣ޱˡ
ײͬǣڹŻѹ̫ˣ
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츳ⶫʱڻҪһڻ޷ﵽ鶯ڰأ
˺ðΣʣ޺޵ҰһĿͷ
ֶ͵˵ͷźú˵һһһӡ
вãҪںǳֶ̬ȣ˵ЦӺŽС˪סˡ
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ʦãӦ˾䡣
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Ҳ֪ʦôģûһȥԺ󣬷úýѵһٲɡ¶á
ŭһٽǣĻƢѵһٰˡԲ˫ȭ̤ǰһ˵һԡ
磬أ˪Сĳ˳䡣
һ㶣ŷֶһԣ˲ʱйƤ޸ղŵơأֶ߰ٱǧ˵涯ִˣ۸ٺݣŭҲϰ˲С
ֶЦЦǰһһ§Ŷ˼ͷԽӣȥæ
ţ
æͷ
ڰĿ½ԺЩ̫ģС͵ղûġ
´λҽ̿۸Ļҹ͵Ϯסܱ¶ݣҲ֣²´͹ˡϾǰÿ궼ջһǸײŮֶԴǲð֪ʵղžԲš
С֣򲻹á

ɴ۾ЩԼˣȻԼ˴ܣ˵ü²´֣
ֶЦЦղôʦ壿
æͣʦ˵ʲôз磬˵ʱ򣬺ʦʦ
ֶͷԱʵǰڹŻڵ͵㣬صǷԼԤڡ
һԣ˪˷ܵ¿ջܺð֪Ļɴཨһ¥á
ôףЩͨʳ͡
ֶݸһЦû߼Ȼͣ
˵⣬˪ǳСţ¥ûʳͣʲôҲ˵


59 ƻ
µգտĺԺ˪ãС˳ɫëḧСϣȴǼٿ˼
һԣֶϸѯڹŻڵľʱʱ̧ͷһСѾͷЩڲðѿջķո
˪ȻһֶЩεС˪ãջҪĻʳˮǻƵкǲ顢Ǯǲǹ볬־¥ʱǡ
ʳˮ顢
ֶϸϸ׽Ƭ̣нЩЩӦþǿջӪȥĻԭҲ֪ЩȴûȥһæĶôʱŤת档
˪ôһ˵ֶѹҪģֻҪûߣּǿջŲõκξ
СѾͷ滹иǣֶ˾֮ѯʵʲô
ʱͳ־¥Ǻһ취סǮʳͲС˪СǸ⣺һ벻ʲôİ취
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ʵڲУɣ־¥ԺʳȻ֪ļҡʫ黭֮ģǸͷѣôǿĻǰһ
ҪҲŪһʫ黭ƣ˪Сʵ
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ֶԴİȻ׬ӡջָӣǹֻṩ׬ӵĻС
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㣬ɵڴ󺺹غͳ͢ﶼд߲С
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ȫڶ¥ŪѯƳǿѷѰϢҲṩһЩԼòϵϢֻ͸¶ٲ֣õϵ˿ٸ̸Ϣˣһ߶кô
ֶԽԽÿԼߣЩȲĴƶ̨óī̿һֽе뷨дơ
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ȼ߿Զϰһ¥ʳ챬Ӧ㹻ˡɽҰζĻɽҰζϰС
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ֶЩͷˣȥƵӢϡƫƫӢֻϲˣôıҲڶʱڱˡ
ǡ
ֶһǴӢ֣ıֻϲ㡣
ô͹ôýﵽӢҪ󣬶û뵽Ӣﲻֻˣ
ֶϲԴŨɨ̼ɢӢֽϲŵ㣬ŵ˲߱ģɱýҪ򵥵öࡣ
Ҫ˵ŵ㣬ӦͻġӢͬҲĵ̶ȽǰΣȻὭŵ㡣
ˣ⼸ԭǵĻѾǼǧǰˡֶֻе٣û¿ȡ˹ģֻ֡ǡ
У˵λߣ˵ķϡͭ¼ְҵЩ˴ֱɲʲô˻ҲǻãͲֵͬ顣
ˣûУѾ֮ܳΪˣǶ˸֮⡣һΪ˼︺С˪ҵѧҲǲΪ顣
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˹ͬԣҲ͵ڽнӴӢĻᡣɹȻãӢƫ֮޷ϲϽҲ˳ġ
ʱֻҪｭǷ߳һһڿջĿͬڡ
ֶ˿ʮ飬벻Ȼͬʱ뵽ķˣƺֿʼˡ
Ǿˮ棬ּǾׯûʲô֮ǰȥϳǵĴׯɹУо䷽ӳɣ͵ܵߵ׬ӡ
ǻˣ޷ǾװΡȷ棬װһ˶ǵĴջ;¥˼ôڷκͲÿͷģȡӦû⡣͸ˣֶǣ׾һҪĽĵط
ڻǲ飬ǮǷ񹫵ּǿջƣֻҪƽｻƵдƶɽС
һֱæҹдڶдԺֶ˸Ļط
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ӹдֽСۺ÷Ž½ֶĽܣѾüЦ
ϰһ׬ϰӣͻȻʮûʲôӯЩϰߡںˣȻӪֶļƻͨ׶һ֪ƻ
ˣƹ־¥ҲһĻô죿
ֶһǰ־¥ƴֱֵ֣鲼󺺹ҲŸѯƳϼ죬ȴԱȿջһṩȫشͳ͢ߵϢ
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ףֶڵû£룬ֻҪﻮãһд󻧶ռȻ·־¥հᡣ
Уھȥļ¡
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60 Դ
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⣬ֶһӣ̤־¥ٸŮϡ
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һ޿ǼֵƣԵģӦöֱ϶¥ˡ
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İɣôɣǶûջҲó͸͸ˡֶҡͷ
ţٵ˵ͷ˵ʲôϾ˼Ҳһ⣬ֻöעſͨ¥ľݣʱ۲ûܽصӰ
ֶ棬һԵáԱߣ˪ѾѧԺû죬ЩͲסįԴתܷʲôĵط
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СˮỺᣬ֡ٺãټǳ뻯
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Է⣬Ц˿鷨ƮףʫССټ
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ԶԶԣֵ٣Ȼ˵ˣǵĻ÷һ󱭣
ԷЦⷣһʲô˼ͣҺȸʹ졣
ͣ٣룡
вУǰģһ롣Է֣˻ִ½ͳӣ֮󣬽Уȥȥþƺò˶
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ֶʳָ󶯣һУζʣڳ㡣
ԳԣҶԡ
ͽ꣬ٸŮȴֻЦЦеĿӼһ̺⡣
ϰ壬ǻ湻ġֶ״ЦҿǳûҪ߿ʯûԻǿɾͿˡ
ŮһЦ¶ֶ˽⣬Ҳٿ
ֶԴѯʵòóԣ
æͷȼλʦĺóԶˡ
ȷʵ
Ҳ̲סһ䣬˲ʱΧ˵Ŀⶼ
Щ㬣ô˱𿪿ڡ
˵ôҲӰˣֱɣ
һֹ
ֶ˳ţԹɨӵĲˣӢ΢죬ûʲôĻ֮İ
⣬һڡؤŰ壬ɨ˼ۣȷƶæкԺһ̤á
ףôô
ǰĳζ
ôؤܽˣ
ƻƣò˺Ⱦˣ
֮Թصؤȴţ붶ϼ¡
кãؤûԷˣгţﻹиСӡ
˵öͭ壬ؤ޲æڱǻӸϡζԶױܣ˵
ؤȻҲûΡΡģһȥ
ӢϵǮ㵹һС߸ͭ屻ȫ
ӢֹͽҲӦ׷׽Ǯ


61 С
㷢̬أ׷˵Ŀ˸ؤֱȥ
ףζٽףԳԿ͵ĻǲòϱӣҲǰ벽
ȥȥȥؤȥ
ؤţ΢΢ǵĳһȥ
ϼһٲȥҺˣ
ۿԹԽԽ󣬻һؤŭĿӣȴ˸ǰһ
Ÿ磬ȥŸ
ǽͷӶ˼˳źűȥ
кãкðɣؤۻ軨ţ޶ˣˡ
ؤڴһȦ쳯ȥǻûѾ롣
ȳִ̱ǵζϯڱǸŻֶӢҲֻǿŷθؤζĵֿ˵õģվ𣬽еͭҳؤȥ
Ӣһ죬æվ
ңҡ
Ȱİ̯ʮͭ¶ɤһȫĿǴò׳˶ȥ
ؤ·ûпǣ볯Է˲š
λкãؤǮһЩʣ˾ɣ
ȥȥȥ
˼ͬʱĻ˻֡
ؤѾûԹˣкãкáؤʰ
ˣߣŲҴ㣿ڱŭ߳ԷһֳϵĲ豭ҡ
ʲôŭĿǰؤԡ
ʲôʲôԷܵĿʶھæĽɨۣ̲ס˿ĭ
ľ̿ڣһҲС˵ƽϷš
пοԼһ䣬ԷܳԶԶҿǰĻƣűӺǻ⣿
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ٲ˸ߣǾˣ
ԷܵĻ˲ʱõӦ׷׳ǵתĻǽ
ؤȻЩˣתֶûڣ˷Сͭй֡
ллллؤæлͭ壬̾˿˵֪벻ʮˣһԸʩؤؽ֣áӵͦģ㹻үü²ðܶˡ
ȴɫһ죬вɰճûжӡ

Ӣֶ١
ٳһ£һűӣһ־ҪǮֱֶһ죬ָſһʮ롣
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ҲȥӢȻ̧ͷ
ֶȻԴӦ죬æŰӲŬŬ죺ЩɶӣôУİɣҲר˸լ޿¶ؤǸǵģûȥǡ
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62 ʨӺ
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63 ٳ
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64 ˵
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˵أֶѯʵԺղ˵ǰ£û
ˣһһҡͷ
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Ƭ̣һ˼·ֶڵԺص¸أ˭
λǮۿ̫ү
Ҫ£
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̾˿ÿСѧԱؼҶ£˵ʵҶҳˡ
ֶĬȻݺҿؤæºһʱ⣬˸լؤ¶ϡڣլĹ¶ѾӽˡһССǾôؤϽµĴׯʲô֪
ԣֶһֱԸǣ͸Ҳֻڸֵתת˷ʱҪԭ򣬻оǸһʲôƽ£ڵʵ˵Ĳƽ¡
䲻ƽ̫࣬ûװ֪ˣֶԼ᲻˺һܵס
ԺȥǸţ󻧣Ȼվŭܡ
ûõģӲԼĻºֻ䱾жӣܲɱȫҰɣôˡҲƻ䵽һţ󻧵ҡͷԴͷǸĸ٣ɱ
ܾܲô˰ɣ
ԺĶزʮӣţܲ͸ȥͳĲšĲŲڸƽϲŶԣô
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ʲôֶ⡣
Ĳèˣ̻èᡣ򵭵
ֶȻֻèܷⲻ
԰Ѿߵʲôϵ
ֶüƬ̣ڸҪʱȻĲҪˣ
ȻôܲµĲҪˣ
ֶЦãĲֻèҪ£Ϊ˼ʮˮѧԺԺҵܷѾ𣿡
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ֶҡͷ΢֮󣬿ڵ£ӦÿԽ
ƹа취ȻվĿЩţڼλƹ񰲷ʵ۶ûӽύ˵ͳĲŻʲôŶԡ
ֶͷʮ˵ϣųӦС
ипûּǿջѾҾȣ벻ƹȻͳĲн
ֶЦĲŵûʲôҪĸϻ˿ջСæӦòܾĲûиӦҲΪĸϻڱ˵˺û
ĸϻһȻԭƹĸϻʶͺðˣĲܰ£ĸϻҲһ仰ѡ
ŸԺȥĸϻڲڿջֶ
ˣƹ񡭡һ£̲סڵܲ취̽һ˭Σ
ֶͷ˭صİ¹شּǿջֵ֮ǰͬŲСӰ


67 Բ
кֶ֮һ·á
¥ʳΧѯǰפоϢ棬һľʳͣ໥縮ڵĸϢ
һԶ˲赹ˮֶ¥һӭǰ
֪ĸϻδ뿪İֶ֮ǰš
ȥţ
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ֶ΢΢üСѾߵȴĴĸЧȻСʳʲôҪ̸Ļ̸ܱ϶̫㡣
ѯƵƳ⼸죬ջ¥ʳڲӣؽڸ־¥ʳ͵Ļᡣ
ǽһľ֮䶼ŲСķ϶ðֽȫһ飬ܲ͸磬ʵȴκθЧܳϵʱѷ϶סºãӦûࡣ
˼䣬֨¶СѾ߼ſվŵֵֶ΢Цʱһ
ֶգСѾѹôΪŵ㡣
ҷе̸
ˣƹ񡣡СѾ߳ﺰһ
Ʒվڵƹ
ţСѾȻûƷǰɣ
ֶͷź󣬳Ʒﹰ˹֣ˣˡ
ƷҡͷƹұҲƹ̸£⼸㡣
ϲ޾Ʋˣֻһˮֶľ£СѾ䲻ȴҲ˱ˮƷ
ġֶ˵ԭԭһ飬ЦԺƽҼС˪£Ҳֻ鷳ˡ
ƹˣС£㲻ʲô鷳ƷﲢδɣһڴӦ
ֶ˿񣬻ϸ㶨͵콱ˡ
ղֶ֪ʲô£
Ʒ뽭һȴ¶Щڼ˵֮泩Ϊ沼󣿡
ţֶͷ
ƹܲһŸңƷѯʵ
ֶٸΪѣƷǵ֮ĵһĸϻּǿջûаʲô磬෴ּǿջõĹٷ鷳ҲƷںæ
ƾƷһڱѹ³ĲŸèµټϴδʢּǿջҪν泩󣬲ƷʲôֶڼŪһ
ǣͲڡ
Цһֶֻð᰽̸ԼĽͣε˿ҪʧˣһżȻ·ջʿãʱΪʵãδ̹ôֻǽ̹ƶֻаףҵ԰ƶȥֱƵã
ƷһգգؿֶҲ޷Ͽʲôߡ
ŷ˿϶Ϊֶڷ㡣ֶЦЦڵʵδڰǱ鲼ջȷʵ޷ƶ˻ǲţҿ˰̧ȥãҲȲ𿪣Ȼٴðԭ״ƴȥ
⡭
ƷĶˣȴЩõͷ
˻õʱҰŻƽ𿪣ЩᶼľϳɣؽҲ鷳ƷﲻȰ׾̩׾̩Ľ飬˵ɾȫšԣƷ飬ֶҲΪƣ˾
ƷĬȻĬ
ˣô뵽ҲŪ󣿡ֶûתĲŵǵ¡
һ£Ʒ͵м£ҼҪ縮ˣԡ
£ȨĴƷùϲˡֶ΢ȣƹĻ˰񣬱̫үˮҪһû˵Ļ붼롣
Ʒε¹ϵشҪȻҸһֱǡ
ֶ΢ʳĲصĵڶڻûôͻȻˡ뻹գƷɴ¸縮ȨйأҲǰʣƷ֪ԭҲԲ˵
룬ֶѯʵ֪֪̫ү˭
Ʒ鲢δֻǸͨͨûϱƶѡϣӦԭչȫȻ˭ɿ˶ᡣ
ֶͷ󺺹ĵطٶڣʱҲһƾٽʱٸݸϱĿ˽еڵԱƷ¶ƾ٣öᡣƷƷǸƾ٣öᣬȻŪԱϱ߸̾С
ǵƾûʲôè壬ֶţƷȻ˵չȫӦѾ˾Ųʮ
ٸƷ˼䣬ֶǡ
·Ͱӡ°ȥصԺڸļŻڵ顣
չȫ긮չȫУԲУ
֪ѡļҷӦֶĿ
չȫѾѻŪðҰȻءûսͬɽֱ֮
ֶãȻ̫ʦֻ縮֪ѡô긮ȥˣչȫҪ̰ĻֻӰ縮Ŷԡ
ǳЩ߰ĶʿһͿأͬɽ϶Ϊ޺£ؿڣûл
ֶȻټɲøͬɽ
ȥȥûһΪ˰աðΣ̾˿ֶЩεĸϻĸ縮֪ͬͬɽȻã縮Ӧ֪ƹĸϻĹϵܲ˵ĸϻȥһңѾټϵչȫɾȥ
ֶĬȻĸϻȥ縮ּǿջ縮ûֵ꣬˼ƾʲôæοĸϻϵӰҪôҲóĲȥ縮ˣ˵ǨĸϻԸԼʹë
ЦҲǲͶҽȨ֮Ѿ£ģҲɲ
ƹţ⼸鷳տһˣ춯ȥϿ
ȥϿֶ⡣
ͷƼȻ縮ƶľȨڿԶԣһλã˵ϵش󣬶ԿӰȴҪСࡣ
Ժн飿ֶʵ
ҡͷ޹ϵòȥԡѾ׻ˣչȫء
ֶü룬ڵλˣϲϲӣ
ȻʧЦ÷⽮ûϣ¿ÿһۡ
ֶЦѡԼǰĪˡԶ¥ʳ͵ƣһҲͳＯǧѡ
ˣȻ¶ϲɫƹϲϲӣҵǼһ¡⿤Ķϲ䣬츳ȴ԰šȻŻڵУ˵ͬóһŻڵĸ߽鼼Դ򶯿
鼼
ֶȻʣŻߵ鼼ҲĽףԼϿвƷ׸ߵ鼼Ҷͷûй涨⴫
һ߽鼼ںֵ϶ɹԿȨƣ˵һѡؤҲ϶û⡣
ԼҲ߽鼼ǻܻʲôôЩ㡣
Ƭֶ̣˾ջչһ̶ȣҪλ򽻵ϵĸ߽鼼ʱҲôûȥؽҲջˣȫŪĽ鼼ͷ߽鼼ɱﵡ


68 
ϲԼþƾûһ
ڷֶϵͳʾɫһϲŵһ죬ţԼѾ㶨ˡ
ѡȡ֮󣬽űߣȻһƺɫĻ衣
ƾû裺󣬿һʳͰٷ֮ʮÿ0.1ѡķڻʮ֮Ч
űߵĻ裬ֶ˵࣬ͦġ
ֻһʳ͵ľܼӳɵİٷֱҲֻһ̶ֵƾûȻ㲻ʲôýÿֻ0.1ջװʯĻҲ0.1һʯһҲͰǮѡ
ʳ͵ľƾûȻ÷ھרȺþƵʳߡ
ƾûװڿջϵͳ֮룬ֶŰ뺰
Ū仨ԽȥȻŵö¥ŵһȥƣԺкþƵ¥
ţ
ͷӹ裬ֶ£Ѿϰ˲ԵɣҲϰ˲ȥԭ
Ŀ뿪ֶٶȻط
ʮ죬ٳûϢڵ˿ջ
ʮܷ־¥ҲƳѯƣռȻջ¥ʳǵٶûͣ͵ļ䣬Ѿиǹ־¥ļ
ֶţ̶ȷչȥּǿջĴö¥ʮ¾ԳΪǵľۼء־¥ǻʲôķƾƴֲ¿򲻳¾͵ùŵա
緽棬ĶҲʣʮԴﵽһ³תת֮⣬ֶ󲿷ʱ䶼ĳ̽׶Ρ
˼䣬ӭԺֶδûȥ֪ͨǰֱ뵽˷䡣
ص˱ˮֶЦ˵ŸѰҩˣ
һֶͷһ
ֶȻϺ飬ԼڷŪĵҩСġ
ƹ¿ջⲻɣæתƻ⡣
ţֶҲǲ䲻ȵһ
һͻû֪ͨԼ뵽䣬òΪ˵ҩɣ
ΣֻЦƹ˵Ҳʱ䵽ܣƤƿҩǴõģۣһƿȥô
Цѡڵ£ֶЦ̸̸¡룬ΪʲôͬŻڣӦûǵԭɣ
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Ϊ˴£ȷʵвСĽֶĵҾãķɫǰֻ˵ףڹŻڴ˼£峤ˡ
ȻʧЦƹԭΪԭ츳Ȼٺõ츳ûڷҲȻ
֪ҲûҪ̶ֳȰɣֶûô˵Ҳֻʮһ꣬һȤûУ۷ǿ˼˵۷ǿ߾Ȥɲ񡣡
⡭سƬ̣ʵʵ˵ڹŻɽҪ鼼ͻơƹ񣬹Żߵ鼼ҲĽףľٸߣûӦƷ׵鼼ʵۿۡԣҸλоҲֻܼϣ츳ܹĽŻڵ鼼
߽װ˽׵鼼أֶѯʵ
ؿЦŲ߽װ˽׵鼼ҪеĻôֿࡣ
ֶȻһЦ³дһĶʮ鼼ھ˹ͼóϡ
Ǽǰ·ջһλʿ͸ҵģӦֱܷǼ׵İɣ
صͷ˱ҳ棬ȭ
ҪһҳһȻվ𣺡絶ⲻԭ絶ڵ鼼𣿷絶Ѿһٶ꣬絶ôƹϣ
ղѾ˵ˣһλʿ͸ҵģǿ絶ǲġ
ֶЩգ֣ʲôͲ˻򲻺ý͵飬Ƹʿġ
ţ˿£絶ϸϵ飬ʱҲȻ
أһվƹоųϵİգǷ絶û߽ף߽鼼
ֶЦЦĵѵжʮ
Զԣæͷֻɨ֣ͱŴһȭͷĳ̶ȡ
翲
ԳΪڵ˽鼼֮һ
Խ¿ŴԺ£ʮһ鼼ȫ߽˽ס
˿ֲƷףؽһ鼼Ż֮һ¡£һ֮»ⳡθѡ
صɫĪ⣬мӾļֶȻµ֪츳ԺܹǰΣرΪΪͽϧǲԱջյĲ¼˾޴ǰа⡣
̸ں£ɵѲС
ֶ򿪿ջϵͳأĬŴȡ
һ룬سڿջ⣬ʹţɫĪ⡣ͻأԼջʱԴ׻
ѹƹóʮһ߽鼼ѹԼʮһ߽鼼ǰҲûιȥ
ԭոΣ
ξʵѾʼþˡ
ðΣزĸݵӣЦ̤ţһΣɫЩήҲ񣬳ڹ̨˵빰˹֣Сֵܣ鷳ͨһƹá
Ȼôλ
һֱǰԺزףղžԲΡ
ҪȻǶʮһ鼼Ŀھ˹ͼʵ
뷨ص弤Ҳ׷룬ȴôҲȡ


69 ȫ
ججֶһλص䣬Ϻһ鼼صһ㱡
ֶڳϣؿء
ð죬زŷӦǿһѽ鼼еĳ嶯Ŀ⻺ֶ棬벻⡣
ʵǿǰóʮһ߽鼼ɵӣٻ߶Է׺ѣ˭Ҳô
Ҳֶɵӻôˡ
ʴ뱲ӵûˡǰλƹ񣬴˿ȴء
ΪΪͽϸռּǿջƹϣʵ֡ԸųΪƣˣŻᵼݳһԱӱȣȻǿΪϷһƲɣ뵽ԹŻּǿջֶ̽İ취
ƣˣƵóͷβǹŻڱһǴΪͽۿûϣֶͻȻԸŻڣҾڲκαʱؾ;λƹЩء
˵һջƹ񣬾ǴļµһʱͰȥ˴š
Ͼ츳κδŶгΪ̳˵ʸⱳ棬ǻʼҲԾܾƫƫλƹȴֻΪŻڵʺʦһˣֻжʮͷغܻԼ˿͸ʥˡ
˼룬ΨһĿֻһλƹκ涼Ҫ
ٴμ棬ֶͷ̸̫£϶Լ뷨ó鼼Ҳȥظٴ糱ˮӿ
һóʮһ߽鼼ֻдŵ۷ǿ߲ǰλƹ񣬹;;޿ܣ˵۷ǿ·ջ츳Щ鼼ͬҲ˷ѽ⡣
һʮͷδͻ鶯ڣ츳˵۷ǿߣŻСŶòһۣ˵ڡǶ۷ǿߣͬҲʦŹأ߽鼼ó˿ĵ
ܻңرĻҡƹʵ츳ʵ
һȻ̧ͷֶƹ񣬸ղš
ջλʿ̹һַ鼼ֶ赭дһֱûùʱˡ
ĬȻףֶ϶ǿԶʮһ鼼ͷ׵ǣʲô鼼˲Ϣͳ֮⡣
ƾϵĶʮһ鼼ӦòõΪ鼼ӰʵɣֶЦ
صͷЩ鼼ڼټԵʵδ֮ǰܹ͵ˣʮ֮󣬴󺺹һ۷ǿߵжȻ֡
ǣѧЩ鼼̳йŻ֮λܲܰЩ鼼Żڵĵӣ
ֶĮ飬ƾոĪԼͳּǿջ鼼ӲҲ޿ܡ
˿ؿֶСѯʵƹ鼼Żڵܲѧ
ȵ̸ֶЦ̸̸ں̶°ɣһˮܽӵ̶ףȻ˵ͦɵġˮ׵ѹˮеĺÿ߸ʱǱܵǼˣǲǿˣûҪûϲŰȺã̫̲𣿡
ִصĽֶͣԸֿ࣬ΪѾһѷŻڵԼĿ꣬ҹܲšôȰģø׺ò۸͵̣Ҿ˵⻰֮ǰǲȾͬȽϺã
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ֶûȤ
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԰ɣֶ򿪿ջϵͳӳɴ3ĳ2
䲻ֶ⣬Ŀص˵ͷľϥ¡
Ƭ̣յ˫ȻȻֶ
֡ƹô£죬ٶȣӿһ
ֶЦŽ󡣡
ܣôܲóŽ󣿡
ȻվĪ𺳡ʱʯӣõҩڵӣûгʲôʵĵҩʱھеٶȣȷʵֻĪľŽܽ͡
ɾŽ󺺹Ҳһλ۷ǿ߿λ۷ǿߣȻǰλƹ
Ҳõġ
˼˵Žλʿãλʿλ۷ǿߵĻ⵹пܡףذ˿ƹʵѾˣλܲóŽ۷ǿߣʵڽܲˡ
˵ʮͷ۷ǿߣʮͷ۷ǿ߹Ҳδ˵ĻѾǼ֤ʷˡѾʮһ߽鼼ֻǳεĴԼٳһΡ
缸ǰҾЩ鼼һֱûиǾͻСùݵ׷ʵֶȻԣҵĿģܴ
ؿЦŵͷи߽鼼ܼӿٶȵľŽٺͿҲ̵ǶķϾ˾鼼ҲܲܳΪ۷ǿߵĹؼ
ֶ˱ˮǰԺ鷳չˡ
ƹġؽӹ豭˿֮󣬶ƽֶĿ⣬ƹֻܹһ𣿡
ֻҪڷﶼңջ󡣡ü΢΢ֶζ⣬Ƕʮһ߽鼼ҵõʱ򣬲ûв׼⴫Ĺء
¶ϲ̲סò
ŻڵĵӿѧЩ鼼ŻڵĵӿòŵȵΪ۷ǿߣԼŵʱܿŻڳΪڵһ졣
ȵιŻٳΪ۷ǿߣŻпܳΪ󺺹һڡ
̼䣬ݺᣬʮྭӪڿϣ
ֶĬȻƽ
Żڽûڻǡܸ֮⣬鼼һóѹϵشӳҲ˵˳ȻǺ
ѾһԶͿ᲻ðԼȥһˡ


70 
ʳָ滺öֶɣţػһѵġ
һ׾̩ｨһ壬ⱲΪ֮ܶ룬ǽŻڷչɴڡ
ܶʮ룬Ļǰ̵̫Ļܹܾ˿϶ࡣ
ãݺزγѣһںȾеĲˮֶǰ£Դ
ǾԲܵģ˵δſԽ˲ͳ׵鼼ƹ񱳺ʿ˾ͲǹŻڿԳܵġοǹŻϣи߽鼼;Žû츳ڵĵҲȻ
ƾ߽鼼;Žȥ츳Żڣȡ߽鼼;Žһй¶ȥǰ߻ֻСŻͨţŵ졣
ҴƹԸ񣬹˹Żڵ˼С
ϸζһֶղŵĻѾȫѹȴЩƹ񣬹ŻģЩ鼼󡭡
ڻǡֶЦҡͷͱ˵֮λ֮ĻˣҶʲô̬ȣֲǲֱ֪˵˵Ϊ˸ʲô۰ɣ
һЦƬ̺ȻֻҪصڣκҶԴӦ
ֶðſڵ˵ɼջ㲻صڣ
⵱Ȼ㡣ҡͷ
۷ǿջأ⼸عŻڻǰƴ
⡭¶ɫҪ£۷ǿߣƢõģпڡ
һʵ˵˰ɣֶҲöȦˣֱӵҴùŻڹŻɽŪֲ԰ȦרֲĺȦޣʲô¶ɹŻȥ죬ֻȥȡҪĺޡ
ֻסˣŻɽ͹ŻһţŻڿֱӰɽȻֲ԰ȦŻֻм鼼ôǻسרֲ԰ȦҲɼӸЩȥŽҩ޶ѡ
ֶЦ߽ĺ͸߽ޡ
Ȼ߽Ŀץ߽޵Ҳ죬˵γֲ԰ȦˣǴҲֻܷչһ
ֶӺ̷һ취ڣӦûԵͽĺ͵ͽΪռͽĺ޵ӡ̣ԹŻ˵Ӧò̫Ѱɣ
ؿЦŻֻǸСţҪֲ߽ĺȦ߽ޣ¾͵һûʲôĽɽ
Ǿ͵ÿܹúòãܰѹŻ׳ʲô̶ˡ󣡡
ĬȻ
ֶҲٵһˮ֮󣬾𸴡
ٶţֱֶƺ߱ˮ粻ɫָȻѾ˾
ƹҪȰ鼼ңҲɵջ
ֶչһЦŻھǿҲͬΪʲôӦǷʳԶ㣬³ԿʱϢһǡ
Уջĵӱ뱣֤ԹŻžԵҳϵ⣬Ӧò˰ɣ
ɫƹģϢǷ񴫳ȥͬϵŻڵĴһᾭ꾡Ŀپѡ
һЩСˣȣҪһĽ鼼ҲҪṩ֤鼼ǹŻԸ͵
ҲûӴóŻڵ鼼ơ
ֶѯʵ֪֪ݣ
߽ģһĲԭ
߽ףֶ΢΢Щͷۣ߽ĿǼֵƣϸѰ룬ڵܲܰæĸзݺͲѣڹŻڳܷΧ֮ڵĻæռڹŻڳܷΧ֮⣬취Ҫռʮꡣ
صͷݿҩĵҩ࣬һЩŶٶм꣬ӦҲ̫ߡ
ǾллˣоǣӦ֪Ҫʯȥġջĵӣڿջ鷳ʱϣҲܳ֡
Ȼֶֹ̧Ļƹ˹ˡ
鼼ֶϵ鼼ŬŬ졣
شϲæʮһ鼼ȫս鼼
Ƭ̣
ֶһơ
ƹ񣬰СعŻڣƹ񣬸ȥһ˹ŻҲûõǼ٣
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ΪҸѣջ̸̸¡
ֶһ䣬ƷԸһˣ˵б¡
ƵͷСܶء
ֶҲûţԼðһ˵ԭԼ˵һ顣
ЩС£
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ǣֶв⡣
ƹǰ˵ʸ񣡡


71 ˫
ոȴ¶˪
ʮǰԹûʡһջƹȻвԼǰҲǲԭ¡˹ŻڣΪӣһջƹвѾﵽܴĳ̶ȡ
ƫƫƹԼҲñŵ
ÿγ͸ǿҪѴϡõĳ嶯ÿһΣﵽҲòš
û취ȻںʵҲϡʲô󣬿ɹŻͬʦֵܴѹòǿҪǿΣС
ҪԼȥԺһ̣޲ŤͷߣҡκһͨˣὫԷвΪ߸ϣͲŶԷҰвж
λƹвȴֲɵĸоҲΪˣŻñܡ
С㣬ƹǼ䣬ûˡ
Ϊֶ֮һƵҲô°ŭָָŵķţתߡ
̬һŭһҲҶԼɫ͹Ȼ
ȵӦʱѾ˺Ժ뷢ŭҲҲΣֻܺһ̤䡣
Ŀڷƶ࣬ڳϵֶȽߵС
뿪ڣ۽ƺиӰͷƳۣջصĿȻһ
ʦʦҵ𣿡
أкȻʦò׷Լɽʱİɣ֪Ļ˭ҲԼڳֳܲ߹Żɽࡣ
ôͣ˵ջΪֲ˵ԭ˭ţ
Ųϣ¶һĨеЦݣΪʦڵʱ䣬鼼ûʲôѴɣ
ûûУزɽ鷴йԼܳĸоæҡͷ
ûоͺáףĳһ;ˣԺɵڼӿʱɽ£׷ġ
һҪͣȴֲ֪ô͡
ذ˰ֵΪʦû˼ˣͲסɽϵķҲ
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Ŀⲻ̩ɽֶɨۣٿأп֪ηʦǰԼҳһ£λãŻվţȻҲס
ʳʲôľ⣬תߣֶ䲻ȵƹ񣬻˵£
ƹ񣿡һڰʱüͷ΢
࣬һزδԲİ뵽˰ɣ
˵عŻɽ뽻㼸仰ֶҲĳصŻԺҪŬԺΪ
ƤһãǼؾߣ˾λ
ƹڹ㣬ʲô̬ȣزõ
Υ棬ݺݵֶڵллƹġ
ƹ񣿡زƹϴβ˸ңѵŮ𣿡
ֶЦŽ͵ֱŤСЩԣԺ»öൣ
һȻģЦǺǵƹȻܺаѰҹ̣ܽȻᾡľ
ԻЩˡ
ʦʶ
ƹû˵𣿡Ϊ˵ҲҸʣƹ񿴵𣬳ƵǶĽˡ
׻Ȼֶ촽ȴҲ޷˵ڡ
ԭԭԼǿĹϵűΪӵġһջƹôܸһ׵н飿οʦĿоЩǫ
ŰҰֽӣֶ̾˿û˵ҺĽ飬ڹŻݡ
΢ԴϷ·ʲôǧܲмȥֶڣȴ̧ͷȥֶһ۵ҲûС
ҸЩҪ̸ûµĻȻعŻڰɣúҸ˵Ļֶڵ
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أֶǰͷҵ໥˼䣬ظĽ鼼ó˹ȥ
Ʒ֮󣬶ʱϲ
ƹչȫĻӹΰ
ܳͳѡֶһ䣬ɫԺĹ㣬ⱾĽ鼼ûпܻĺô
ĺôãȻ⡣
ֶ͵˵
һ鼼ڴžڲ⴫鼼ˣҲֻܴЧҴ󺺹ߡǷ⽮ȨأҲֻܴҪǮҪ߻ŵŪһĽ׵鼼
벻׷Щ鼼ֻ͵͵ֻڱʱ̲Ÿó
һҪκĽ鼼ǰ˵ָѡĻЩߡиնӵĿֵ·ͬһ㡣
øλֻµĹЩʧѣʩֶξܰ·ãô㶼Կ
ǣѡ桭
ѳζǣùٵҲв٣ɰ˼ҵǵİ̹ˣԭĵطɾ͵ꡣƷµĹռⷽϢʾ֭ҲһطܶסջϷѹ
Ժ㲻úʣֶЦ
ңһҡͷЦⱲӣҲȥˡ
ͬɽ벻ֶɲԼ˵룬ҲԽˣ˦ֲܵʣµҲﲻæڻЩʱ䣬ԺԼɣ
ͷ


72 Сջ
ǣұԺ
ҹ˾鷿УϣĿ
鰸ϣһ˱ţʵ̶ȣκһλ˷ͷۻ
žҹУԵø
磬ң⣬
򿪷ţӳߵеģһԴ˷ܵĿӡ
еŷ⣬˷ܵؼ¥ƻڳֵһܶسǡ
ĮȻӣؼ¥ƻ־ԤڵУ˳֮һسǣҲͬԤƷΧ֮ڡϾ˷־¥ֹģѾԳзĳ̶ȣ˵ıҲΪ
ԽͨͲƴ֣ҲͬԽǿԽָ࣬ʹ֪ʹʹӣ򵥵ĻСһСسǶѣѣҲͶˣү˷ʧ̬
ǡܴʲô˵档
£絭˵ɣ
УľУ˷ܵػӶŷ⣺ûκιٸƵ÷־¥Ͷ·ǵķ־¥
ǣüһǸǵͽܣǾͱŪȥǡ
СȻӣҲʦҪڸķ־¥Ҳʤ״Ŷԡ
̧ۿԻĵطǣһСسǲŸվտʲôվգҲˣвһĵλʧˡ
ֹȿϢеŷŵϡ
ֽɨ˼ۣ˵ͷⲻ
ֹǲȭѯƣ⹹˼Աʫ黭ƻҪšΪʫ黭ֻʺؼ־¥ѯȴԽԽ󡣡
ѹô˷ܣӣڵо¥ƹѯƣ
ͨ죬ԣңţҲֻṩһϢѰҺĳ϶ѣǷ־¥鲼󺺹Ĺģ͸ԱĹϵȫһ˵Ķռ󺺹صϢԼ͢µĶ򡣡
΢΢ĿľԶȨӣȴҲò뷨Ȥ
Ϳķ־¥˾ˮշ֮⣬ǿõصĹȻƾЩ͡Ͼ֣޷ҲǿŸȨѶԷѹøϿԷ
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ȴ;֣ܶЩ֪ºֵĻҵķͲ˿ʵˡ
磬ȥǡȻѵ־УһֻǼСջôҲȥʶʶҿջƹֶΡ
ؼ¥ļƻģҲֻãڼѯƣй𣿡粻ɵʵʵھǴţǵ£Ǹ־¥¡
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ܣĿСĵҲǵˣ
ɫ΢ϲıı
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ƺо˹̧ͥͷɨֶۣ֮󣬲ɲôˣ
ֶЦǺǵȡ鵤ġ
ȡ鵤ͥǸµķݶ𣿲һôˡҪԶţ
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Ѫɫʯ·һ𣬵жµλ֮޷ֺ
鶯һ֣ǳ󡣡
̲ͥסһһµʱ䣬ʹ鶯Ծ鶯أ츳
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һͥݺ˿ĭתɱԺ
Ƭ̣ȳãϣдԳֵļ˷ܡ
ҵλ¾ܴ鶯شﵽ鶯صţһֵ޷û룬ٶȾȻٽһ
ɴţԼƷԺԺλãֺݺһ󲽡
ǫ˼䣬òֶѣɺɴܻغԺٳʱнһСƿ
鶯ص鶯صٶȣ鶯ֻҪ²ʱ䣬߿ž鵤㹻µķݶЦ𿪵õøһЩȻá
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ˣƹ񡭡ֶɫСûµʱܴܲŲʯȥջ㣿
ǼǲϿԲ鵽סַ֪Լݣֶû֣룬ͷȻԡ
ɴϲæԶֶ֣þĵǼǡ


73 
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صջŵһֶۣ㽩סˡֻҪҹκʱֵĴô˿ѻȸ
ɨȥҲʳټ̨뼸ֳľƺ˭š
Сʲôˣ
ֶ˶
ƹ񣡡
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ƹС˵Ҫʲô˵С
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αòҲ̶ãƶֶȻЩӰ֣һæҶеĲ˵Ҳһ֣ҶĲϡ
۽ƣֶ˵óһֽһֽ
ϲ⣬ҪͷҧУȽˣҪȻ˭֪᲻ʹյĻС
˵㲻ô죿ֶü
ǾˣӲֶɫأĵ׵ηʱɢҲ
ֶһ˵ѣºҲŪٹҲֲϸԼĻơ
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а취˵
Σ˽Ժ
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Ҷ۾ֶԸûҵĻ
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Уţ
ֶͷתջſڣһţȻ֡
ƼһҶĲӸĨȻܿջȥһѻ𣬾Ի衣
ôѻǰһΣŴͣǰλȥˣ
飡
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⣬¦ϲׯּǾׯһװ̳ˣܹڶа¾װ̳ƹȡֵġ
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˵ƲãɱϾǾׯһ־ƣҲãֶȻź죬ͽпź졣
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Уȥæɣ
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74 Ҫ
Ҷ۾ˡ
Ҷ˫ֶۣЦкһ
Ȼſ˫ۣҶԴӾ³ȥ
ûУʲôûС
Դ΢΢ŤȥʲôûС
ѹܸо쬵ĸоûˣƺҲûʲôѹҶ˿̧ͷȥһ۾ͷֶץŵơ
ƹȻĪ⣡˵ڲϣȻҲ԰Լ
ҶУֶƶ£Ҷǰ⿪ӱʵزأ
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Ŀֶ˺棬Ҷ죬ɨϵԺ˿ڵʹʱΪĵļ顣
ݺ˼ţоûץ˫ȣ⳯ʽȥײȵ˺ԺѾͣͷԶԶȥһôƽӡ
Сøĸ˺úкֶԸ

һİƣĿڻɨնԾԵҶϡ
˶ȥʰӪҵҶ
Ҷæϲ̵Ĳͷ
ƹŪʲô̶ȣʵ
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УͷһӣҶ̧ƣҪȥ񷿡
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Ŀһͣ⻰˵ÿɹģҲá
Ų񷿴ĲҽУ鵹Ҳλ治ǰλƹҲˡƳԵͷҲýּǿջԼڶ
鲻ܽԵҲܽЩͷˣ˵ô˭˽ǻ¡
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ܽһ㶣Ȼżƴүվԡ
˸飬ܽæС͵磬ڷҡ
һߣ
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󣬼Ҷ򰵵ϧƻүϻȺã˺ȥıүȥԺеˡ


75 
ֶ̲ס꣬ƾܽصı֣ܹжүɡЩȵǣλүƺǰŰ衣
ҪȻ֮ǰҪ˵ǷҲֲܽ˵ˡ
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һСܽ񷿣ȻһĲҽ֮ҶһһңѾƸ˳
ˣ뻺һģû뵽ЩҲݣҪٻһ֪ܼܲŻˡ

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һСܵǰЦޱȳ졣
ƹ֣һҳ鴤ĪĿ־徹ȫľʹȥ
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һ㶣ҲԣͬƻˣһеԷƣ˼ϡ
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Ĳܽסˡ
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76 һƲ
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78 ݻ
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谵ķڣֶĿͨջѻһаٶס޵Ŀˣƾ㣬ܽرҪǸҲһᣡ
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Уȥ񷿡
дһֱ񷿡

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Գӭ߹ΪһѮɫۣǽ˶룬ɱ֮
ֻжʮ꣬һһֿȭ֮⣬䱦
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Ժֶʹ˸ɫ
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䲢Сжʮƽףԭ䣬ﶼѾ
ֶ񣬷ֻһųĴ̣̲ͨͨͨͬͨ²㣬ռд䡣Ҫ˯ˣһ˵Ҳ˯ʮˣĻܳˡ
ƹǹŻڴϻԪԺŻڵּǿջˣƹʲôԸʱҡֶ߳׵
ֶ΢ȣȻλϣܹŻɽŹɣֶκ˽ʵҲǹŻǿһλּǿջ¹شԹЧر˹
ϿˣϣҪźáֶ׵ָָһԵ룺λּǿջܹ룬ʲôҪԷԸ
ţ鷳ֵˡӳ˳飬뼷ЦݳɰʮˣһʱҲĲֻա
ŻڣǵʥءùŻڴϺԼֵܣһüŪֶۡҲСĳ棬ҲԴκģֱϣ˻һ䡣
ٿһǰϢֶҲЩ˽⡣˵УλǴϵĶӽĸֱصĶĽϣ峤ϵĴХϵӷųϵ
ˣǹŻʮλϾѡͨ飬ԹŻĲĵӡ


79 Ҫ
һԶ˲ˮֶԪ˺˼䣬Ž⡣
ܵ飬ʮ˹ȻѾϸļƻҲͲ˵ˡҪһ㣬ǹŻµӹ߻ȥԺҪһΪӻ޸󷨡
ԪһԵ룬죬֪Ҳ󣬲ǣͷܷ棬ƹԷģȱģȻҪ׳ŻڣȴҲ֪вһ񡣡
ţǡֶݻϸ˵һ飬ĿؿŻԪĴ𸴡
Ԫ¶ɫƬ̣εɱ˵ûʲô˿ڶ࣬ƹ˼ҵĻҪȫ壬˵Ļ䲻ڴ󺺹ĵߣѾԶԶ׷ԭ򲢵Ǽڲ鵽ŻںּǿջĹϵϸ󡣡
˭ɱңҾ͸ɱ˭ٴĺҲϧֶĿֱӻԪ
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Ψһļ壬㲻ʲôϼ壬Ҳٶʷһ㣬ԹžɵլԺϾܿ
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Ҵô꣬ǻӶӳȻ֪ϲװϻȺã»ΪǹԼʾ̤ǰһߴ˵͡
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87 
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鼼£Ժͱˡ룬ֶЦ򸵴򣺡Ժǰٰɣ
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ҵĿֶ࣬Ҳ棬ѹָͬɽ븵ʮһ֪ӵзҡֱϳΪⱾ¾Էͬһ㡣
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ﵤҩЧһʧҲͻָ֮һδ͵ĵѹԺ󣬽ԭһͬøΪ
ֶϲ󾳽ķԾСʵĸı䡣ÿͻһС磬ᱻѹŷ֮һҲǾ˾űͻ֮󣬳ڵѵģΪھеԽ࣬뾭ҲԽࡣ
鶯һִﵽ鶯ضҪһ죬鶯ضִﵽ鶯ֻ֣ҪʮͿִﵽķʮ죬ԭ鶯ضֵһֵٶҲͬ
ʹʯԽھԽأ鶯һ鶯ض֣ռ֮һʱ䡣
ѸӽȥһҲռ˽֮һʱ䡣
Ҳʹðﵤнͻʱڵȱ˳棬ͻԺ󣬳ڵ࣬Ҳߡ
ֻۣǰһҪһЩѣǰһδðﵤ֮ǰĵӵò˶ʱ䡣
ףֶæʵﵤ٣
Цصһң
ֶ࣬鶯ط˰ﵤһҵʱͻƵ鶯أ鶯ص鶯ʱȴǰ֮һ˵Ҳʮ߰졣
ԺﵤҪʲôϣ
ﵤͱˡɺ˵ﵤƷ쵤ڵܣ֪ĲϺƷ߽ҩвҲ벻߽ʦưﵤ
ֶɵˣ֪ϣ֪Ʒﵤջ˸
ɽľйϣȻĻͬؿһ˵öﵤֳԣҩЧȻԶԶûаﵤô󣬵һµģȴڰŰﵤ
ֶ˿һҩЧҲؿ֮һĵǰʮ߰Ȼûָ߰ȴѡ
һֶѯʵһأ
ɿЦã豭ˣ㵹ٶҲȻ뷨һ԰ٰʮŰﵤͻƺֱһ󾳽ˣ
ֶһ㬡
ţɽľзŵֶϣ⾪ϲ㲻ɣ
ȷʵֶͷڼԺǴŪģܲٶŪһЩöģʯȫҳ
ҪܶŪţҺαص㵽鶯زŸ㣬鶯ؾ͸㲻Ǹãε縮ԺԺϲģĥӲòײҪš
öҲ𣿡ֶ׷ʵ
Ķı񣬳øõĽĻῴʲôʯӡҡͷοԽǸ߽ģԽ̣ܹһáңĳʮһΣֵСϹҹͣһҲջʮšʮҲͳȥһЩҪҸʶʮ꣬ҲҪ
ԣֶɴҪͷѾƾλ縮ԺԺйŻռһ㣬Ժһðݷðݷ
ľзƶֶ̨ڵԺΪҵ鷳ˡ
ʲôҲΪ١ɰֵǵ鶯غ鶯ڰصʱٳԣĻǰʱҲࡣ
ţֶͷ͵ģͻ鶯ԺٳԣЧá
ˣǵһĶװɽ͵ոոľѾƴӶɵģҶҲҶûž˻ʧȥҩЧ
ףֶٶȵͷ
Ӵóһƿɽֶµľ鵤ݶֵ֧ͻ鶯أҪǰĻϲŪˣһ취Щʯ㡣
Ժʡ²ʯˡ
ֶЦҪǿջϵͳ4ٶȵܼӿʮ죬ε벻ķûɲˡ


101 
ޱȾһΣٿ˼ֶ̨֮ͥǼǣһ·³Ժ
ʱü˼ʱʣֶ߱룬ֵʱ˲ˣҲûϿĿ顣
־¥˿̵ֶҲòȥ֮ͬڣ֮ǰͦܵġ
ּǿջΪǷ־¥ƹҲȷʵ鿺ܡǣҵԼʱѾˣ¥ſȴʼûпλ̫үĽӡ
˵Ϊʱÿһ֣ĿҲ֮һֶ֣ѾɼȵĽǡ
ǵĴȻܸӣӿҵ׬ģ¥ĶʮʳͣÿǵĴ󻧡Σ˵鿴ŸˣҲ˷ܰȻ˶ʱ࣬ûˣȴҲʵƵûš
֣ܷ־öָҵҵ˵ЩҵˬԼЩǲǨŭҵ֮£ɵöԷ־¥
ȥȥߴߣǲ·϶µˡһǰĻơ

æӦһһ·СϢĽֵ
ۿŻʧȺУ鲻ûһеǷһ
Ѿǵȥôߴٵˣ
˳Խľڣȴ»ؾ¥ȱˮĹ򣬻ſӭҵ
ƽſӭҲͰˣ˹ؼʱ̣ݲҵκεĲ
ҺԴ龹һʱˣԻƣֻǵˮڸױӭж⡣
ͷƫУ䲻ԣȴԼӰӣСٶ̫һЩ
ˣƹˣһƾ
ϲæ˳Żָķȥɳȥƣӽβһ·Сܹ
ٿƵĺ棬ƾôרעǿҵ̨СΡ
Ҳ˲ƹϣһŻƣʵģģ
ǲǣٶָ̧֣ķغ񱼶Ļơ
˵Ľӣŭ
㬵û
ɫһۿѾʮףҲѵˣ첽ӭǰ
ôأץĻƣҡ
ƴŴ˼ȣҲҵʱ䣺ܡˣڸ;С
ˣôˣ׷ʵͬȣɫԺת˲٣ȫǾ仰ڸ;С
ҵܲˣʵģֻȷһ£ҵƻ᲻Ӱ¡
أҵһӻڴǰȨۿۻС£𵽰;Բ赹˲źá
˵ܵˡҡͷ
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ҲǣصĻҵôй¥
ٵȵȣƾҪˡ
ϣٶȻָ緢
ƹ񡭡ʱڶɳȥĻ˻ԶԶı
龫һ񣬵ȵƿȵӵˣ
ѾĽˡƻص
Ľ֡һ㣬ϻһʱ䣬ԽӵٶȣѾ֮һ·ˣаʱܵ¥
ȥӹٵˮСƣȥβţֽӹԺ֪ͨҡСţȥ¥п˵·£òһӾܵ
˼άʼָ˴ϥǣԸԵĻת
һң˻
ƹѾ۽ˡ
ڳϣƵȥȱˮȻһӭ
ƻʱҲͲСӣûڣʵǧûУ
ƵͷЩǵˣƸǧͣˡ
ʲôȻվ𣺡һС˶ѣʲôģ
ʲôСˡƼñ˰㣬ƢθҲһղ·ѪˣŲòͣ
ˡ
ֻתƢθ𣬻һȣ£ҵô뵽¥
쵰ҰҲͰˣôƫƫѡ˽죿죬ȥ
ʯףҡҡ׹һƻ飬ְס
һ˻Ż˽ֵճβһӭ
ôҵôˣ鼱ʵ
Ŵʱסˡһ˵һȻƣȴԲǲŵˡԽԽʲȥȥľӪּǿջƽٹھ¥Ĵ󻧣ǻȥºһһ͡
ּǿջּǿջ˰ģǷ
Դǧըըͷۻը亹ֱըɢ
óǷѹ֣Ǹ־¥Ĵɽ£ֵԽףҲԽ鷳
οּǿջһн򣬳ǷһܰΧɱΧɱˣҵΪ͢٣Ҳɱ֣ɽһŭ֮°ѷ־¥ô죿ŭйԼƹô죿
ԭ򣬳ǷһܰᣬһҵԹһҪȥ
ֹȥӪһҪֹȥӪ죡


102 
׷ȥʱֶԶԶѾԿջƮĲ󴡣
ƹ񣡡
ţһкֶŤͷһҪĶүĺ棬С˵Դƺ̧ͷ
ԭǻүֶЦŹ˹֣ɫδ磬ЩͶôͻˡͶ˴ʱӦڸ鿴ضΣȻѡ¥ַŶԡ
ƹ˵ּǿջÿµһǧһЩʡڡʿЦĿּǿջ֣ټϴϢҲףƹǫ顣
Сӷּ̣ǿջ˫ĹǮı⻰˵ǹ񫣬ȴ˹˵ġ
öѡֶҡͷү¥λҵôˣ
̸ʲô¥λáһ£ʰλƹȻ֪Լǿ¥ܿͿӦòݲþֵˣʵʵ˵ôͻƹʶʶּǿջķͩҶ㵽ûô档
ʴС˳ţԭǴûʺϽ¥ĵطȴһ·䵽˷־¥
־¥سǿ¥ʵʱ𾪿֪˳飬Ҳ֮ȵס
־¥ǵһ¥ûиĸٵ֧֣һ顣
ҲͰˣһͶ˸Ծ顣
־¥Ȼõģ
־¥Ҳʱа˵ʱؼ־¥裬Ҳ̫޷ܡͶ޷ܵǻܷ־¥ģȻһҿջ
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ŪûмӳɵķͩҶ㣬һʱô¡
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ʿЦһᣬپֶڴţˡ
һ˼·ֶѯʵү֪ûȤ÷־¥ǣ
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ȷʵֶ⼱ǵĶˣ˫ü΢΢ϸƬ̧̣ͷֶƹ˵ȷʵͨʳҪּǿջͬҲһ¥ΪʲôԼ˷־¥
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ƹﲻԼһּǾ¥ߣֱӰּǿջĳּǾ¥ʻǣţס޺ʹһ¥׬ӣӦñȲȫд˰ɣ
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ϿһЩ֮⣬ҪӪľǳپ¥ȻϤ¥
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Ƭ̣ѯʵƹܲҿǼ죿
Ȼԣү롣
ֶæƣû취Ļ¶ܵȣҲ⼸ʱ䡣ϾƾԼƬ֮ǲȫȡûʣõԼΪˣǵܵһЩǴ¥¶ġ


103 ԺԽԽ
Ͷ˽ջֶѯʵүǴһ¥Ƕ¥Ƕ¥Ļÿʱһӵѡ
¥ɣûκγɣЦȻǴ̽飬Ȼüõ
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Сү϶¥ᡣֶڣһơ
ֶɶ࿴΢΢һ룬ЩףӦ¸Լ˵ֵĴãֶ漴Ժ
ȻʱСŽ
ƹƻˡ
ƻˣֶɫһϲ׷ʵջĵƤûУ
ѾˣǳǱľ֣һһĶ߷ֵأǧһӡ
ֶ¶ʱԣϴν¿ջǰ̧ĵؼۣԾǵĵؼ۱Ǹ߳һأͬӷҪࡣ
ֶʱ뷨¿ջ㣬ּ֧ǿջżõĿͷͷ
ټǱǴö࣬˲һʡʮǮ̫ԩ·żջĿͷѾޡ
õһӵ֮Ժֶ뷨Щˡ
ջǴõռԽԽãɵĿҲԽࡣּǿջͬһĵ£ɵôջȥټӵĹܣȫһССĺԺ϶ױ˻ɡ
ջȻоżĹģ͹ˣԺȴԽԽá
ϸƬԺֶѯʵģ
͵ҹģƹڣ˵һԺͻط˯ˡ
ţ˯ˣҡ
һֶط
һֱȵɽƵ
ƹ˵ң
ƽݣϷԺֶջľųɻȫ˳Ƶϣһһǧӣһǡ
һһǧӣƵɵùԲϺһƱЩŵһµĹ򣬿ջ׬һӣƹ񡭡ǿջµƲˣ
ûֶЦЩƱ׬ģһǺơ
ŶƻȻֲջǰ縮Ҵ¥ı׼òôӲŶԡ
ȫǽ¿ջֶҡͷջĹģǰϴθ̸ϸľԺؼӴȻмŶֳԺӣԺԽԽá
һѯʵƹǴúԺĵط
һ롣ֶͷԺķӿԶཨһЩ뱣֤󲿷ֶǿյأУŪһҳ
صͷ
ǵؽѣܽڷ棬Ҳڷ档оǡ
źԺĸ֣𣺡ƹͷñճµĿ
ҵò㣬ˣ˱ضǸɡֶڵ
ֶƵļȻȥҰҪעĵطдٽ㡣
Ƴȥʱ߽δصķţÿñ׵ĳ΢΢ӵЦݣȻ鲻
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Ը뵭õԿЦĿȻֶͣ΢΢һǣһ
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ֶİü³ǷµӦǽŶԡ
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ҪѱܲǴһһ͢ԱԽϲԽɱһǧ£Ǹɲ
ǻ˼λӵĸ
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104 ڼ
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λӵĸȴûꡣȫƾλҲѡΪʵĳԡڣλ֮ѾȫζˡεĻӣĸĻպ֮ˣһƽӹµĻʵۡ룬һƽӹӹĺûʵͳϣ츣¡
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󺺹ʢǵǻʱ磬ǻǰûƥеĻӣĻʵۡ
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Цٻʮ꣬ȷʵܿһʢ
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λ֮ԼܹԵġĬƬֶ̣ڵԺеôˣ
Ѿ䲼˼ڴǸС򿪿ڵ
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ȻһЦɹƭʲôˣĻںôֻۣܻⷽݼİԽԽá
ֶЦ̬ãֻҪͰʧܣصİҲܲ˶ٿࡣɹˣǾͲֹкôʲôģ۾һգԼİõĽײľС
̲ס޵ƹ߼
վ˵۶ѣɹˣּǿջԽԽáʧˣһջƹûϵ

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뿪ֶ֮Ҳûţ¿ջԺĸָϸ¼峿㰲ٶǰǡ
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Σֶֻš
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ȴû룬ҹԪȻܹԶԼڼ飡
ơƹ񣬶Բ𡭡ֶ飬ҹԪһεͷ
еĺһţֶΪʲôң
ҡҡ
ҹԪ֧֧ᣬƬ̣ǰ죬־¥ң취ƹڷͩҶʲôϣڳԹԺǿʡҲ鲻Ļв˵ҳƹ˵Ҳ죬ƹûзκϡ
ֶ֪κݣұ㣬ֻ½⣿ֶЦ̣û治ҲϣӲǣͶ·Ȼϣ飿
ҹԪһæڵأţɣֶҪŭɱҲó
սĳҹԪֶ˿飬ǱѣһĻᡣ߷־¥ˣ˵߽׷ݺԺ󣬰ȫ³ʵʵȥ룬뱻ȣ
ҹԪȻȴٴֶŭ綪˻ת
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105 
ֶסҹԪȻãܾô˷־¥
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ֶı⣬ҪԼһĻɾʲôûˡ
롣ֶ˻֣˫ü
óҹԪ͸¶߽׷ݺļϢȥɻȥġ
ǣ˵ǣϿٻ߾ǣҲ߽׷ݺʧҲһЩֺ·Ѷѡ
ŵĵʶǡɿ򵽷ݺɵӣ϶ȻŵǿʵķͩҶ㡣
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ֶĿƶŴ󿪵ķţвϼŵ׸ôܰⳡӸһ
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־¥ǰˣʺαȥʲôƤ¥ֱӰѷ־¥Ǹãһ˵Ҳܽʡһµʱ䡣
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˶δΪŶͣ٣ֶСܲϳһ£е
ƹԵȣȥϡĽϵͷع˹֣ĻԪѡ
ѻԪ뵽䣬˱ˮֶѯʵϣûеԺǿʵĸ߽ġģмֻۣһҵķݶЧǷǳԣԸоȷʵǿһЩ
ÿǿʵĲ°֣߽мУҪĻһֻһЩĩԪڳӸһ֣üϸƬ̣ڵŻڲҩţҶĲǺ˽⡣ҵļЩҪֻ֣һװ̲ݣһ׷Щ֮󣬶ǿʵĹЧõԽ࣬ЧԽ
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ֶͷһ̲жأֵʯ
أԪһ£ص˵̲ݱͨҪʮӦСĻһʯ͹ˡ
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һ㣬һǮҪӣԼп򵽱˵İ̲ݣһǮ̲ݵĻӦòĻɡ
ϣһǮ̲ݵҩЧôֶʵ
ԪҡͷһЩԼҩЧҩģ򲢲ԡ
Ҫʲôҩģֶæʵ
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ҩĵıأлԪæŪЩ̲ݣѯһйռݵĽչ֪δκϢֶ֮Ԫͳţתȥ˴á


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ֶ¥ûã֨´򿪣ץһشУﻹھ׽ʲô
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ʵֶ֮УȻһЦѷ־¥ּǿջԡԸȫе

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ү֪ҵѴֶε˵Ӱ־¥ƣʵ̫ˡ־¥һ죬Ҿ͵ʳѰһ죬ֻаŪҲŲõֻʲô³
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үȻðյĻֶ̰Ĳ֮εֻĴûڹõƹˡ
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107 Ϲ
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Ϣܿϯǣپ¥ķͷ˲ʱԽּǿջ־¥
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پ¥ôǿƣԭĴ϶Ҳֻǿʮ֪ȡ
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108 ս
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лл󲮡ϲ
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ԪüĿɨʲô֣ǰеʱּǿջԸ
껹ʾһԣ޿̣̤ǰһȶ
ſҵʶʶôǹּǿջ
Ԫɫ΢Ȼצȭ۱

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һֵĽӡ۲˷ӭϣȻ֡
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ڳˣ۵һʦܣ˿Կ˵ΣˣҲֻǿӰײ
羪ը񱩵Զ˵˫ȭΪģҵļһϯ˲ĻζʺȻɡ
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ң˫£ĶԷЧҴ󺺹ߣкȴ˭Ҳɱ֣һʱҲڶʱֳʤ
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սڼڻԪ˵ǣ£ȻԺҲǿ̲ݻǴ۵ʦܺӿʼ˳ջͼƵԺԪȻǵ⣬ȴֹҲ
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109 һǬ
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Щ΢ɣֶȴδԪİջȥŻڡ
ŻڸջĹϵǸܣ˫ҳϵĵӺ²֪һŻ˾ԮҲסˡ
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ȻȥŻڰȱǰɱﵡһ鷳ֶй¶ƣǶүɱﵡ
Ƭֶ̣˴㡣ջϵͳ˹ܣõõȫϻԪѶԷʵǿĸֻܣȻƾԪʵơ
˵˹ܱ˿ͬ鷳СֻҪСһ㣬ֻһΣȥ
ĴߴУԺǽ⣬ˢˢһӰ
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ǰã˷ǽĿ˵ɨһֶۣ΢΢һ˼⼸λȻҵӣӦİ֡
Լʵʹ˹ܣ޽õĿܡ
˹ֶ֣үԷôӺԺˣ
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ԣͬȫ峤Ϸ۵ĵ¶ͣȴҲö˵ʲôϾǰλǴϵֶӣõʤȯգҲûܵҲһʱ̡
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ֶȻ׼Ѿȶס䲢סĤȴҲðǡ
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ʵǿͻҵϮ䲻ͷԷ£ȴҲǶĤʹгѵأ˫ʶŶȥ
δ˫ӰȻһһŲѾڵء
ԥȭͼӰͣ£ϵһץס
ɫ˵΢΢һ̧ĲϣĶһǳɣ


110 
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ŭż΢΢һϵĳתУֱֶָſ
ҪԣֶɫȫӺԺ˻ؿջá
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֨һŴͷͷ˫ԺɨһȦ
ͷֶҪҪæֶҡͷջϵ鷳ϻǽܱܱȽϺá
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ڣĿڲţ߼սѿȰȻѡ
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ֶڽ֮Ŀ꣬ҲҪռݰڽɽ
ܰԤķչȥ˼£ּǿջѯҲ縮صϢ󻧵ľǿ֡־¥־ްṩ͢ߺͶѹҲеֿ
Ȼ»ֻǸ룬˵ȫ͹û䣬լӶû𲽣Ŵǧ˵Ҳǿ̸


115 һʤ
ϢشصջѾռʮٰ꣬Ѷ齣ȻСȴڹŻڵĳܷΧ֮ڡ
ֶϲʮݾŪһ̺շˣ˵ÿӰٷ֮һĻָĵʯ㷭һһԻָٷ֮ʮҲٶʯѡۣܵ
һԻָٷ֮ʮˣͷ˵Ҳٻʮ꣬ڼ䣬ԳＯķݡ
ҲʹţƲ޷ʱϹͷҲǡ
ͷһʯͷǳ׷ˡ
û죬ӱ޸ϻؿջҲһϢھεĲԺһʮƷʯźڡʱһ䲻ֻǶһ͵Ĵӡ
Ʒʯмʮһ飬ʮһǧ顣·ӿ򵽱˵ʯһҲӡ
ֻӵİ̲ݣЩֶԤڣΪ㣬ǰĵӣʮӻ
ؼ־¥ԵʮϣԾ޷־¥һ
ֻܼϣæˣ
ܷ־¥ԵǶ٣ȻѾϹˣôҲöһġҪģ취÷־¥̲ݸĵҪȻŰֻ̲ȥӣȻһʣȴҲֵӡ
鲻ϴߴ£ʮĻ£ǡ
ص־¥һʣ뿪Ĵ¥¥Ծɺɫһ¥棬û죬پ¥Ѿֹͣѣ֪ѾȥϾƲȷʵ߳ûƳķ־¥仹ڽһ¥ʳȫȥȴҲвСӰ졣
¶ʲôϢδӰ쵽ȵĺ顣
󣬷־¥ƳҩЧּǿջǮֻҪһǮһݵķͩҶ㡣
Ĺ룬Ȼ߳ɱۣʳ¥Ȼֻһˡ־¥ĸԸģֻҪһƲܴﵽӣ¥Ͳ¥ӯ
ֻҪܰѴ¥ؼԻּͣǿջǸŽۻִУʱգƾ־¥ĵĳɱһܰϿ塣
ּǿջƹʶȤ֪ƴȥֻ˷ӣһڹЪҵҲûпܡ
һ¥󻧵ͷ֮һҲɳپ¥󣬽۾ˡ
ڶ죬ּǿջӦͩҶ㣬һǰһݡ
Ĺ⣬ּǿջз򵽱˵İ̲ݣɱҲһǮһݣĲϣڿͣ
ּǿջȻۣ־¥ȻøȴٽּۣǿջһͬһǮһݡ
ȻÿݿǮӣֻҪÿľƲܴﵽӣ־¥ͬԱӯ
ھ棬鲢ģּǿջķͩҶ㣬ÿֻǿһʣٶҲǰ׷ѡ־¥ȴͬ־¥ķͩҶ㣬ǿʷ棬ԵԽ࣬ǿԽࡣ
鲻ɵ֪а̲֮һЩԣȷʵǿʡҺڵһ̲ݱǿʣ⼸ζͨҩģǿʵЧܸԣ֢ȴǻҩЧ
Ҳζţ־¥ķͩҶ㣬ּܺǿջķͩҶһÿ춼ܱǿһʡ
֮ԻỨѴô̲ݣǾ˼ǵġ
԰̲ݵҩЧ⼸ζҩҩЧһݷͩҶ棬ֻ̲ҪһǮѣֻгϰٷݣҩЧŻȫʧ
ϰٷݣѷͩҶ㵱ԣҲóϴ¡
ȻϺּǿջķͩҶȫһҩЧͬΪͬɵġ
ȻҲûׯȴҲ֪ƣҪҾӪҪľǱ֤ϲйǸϵıͷʱȺ˳
ϵѾˣȺ˳ҲֻĥɷͿĨͩҶϣȱֻǱѡ
ҹԪܲҵϵıܹҲҩģܼҲᳬӡ䣬ȻЩִ٣ȴ䲻䲻Ҳ಻˼ʱ䡣
ʱֻҪٰѯƵŤתּǿջƾѵƣƴ־¥˺;Ʋ˽۵ơ
գپ¥Ҳұּǿջݣٶѡ
ĵһͷǡƴɣ
Ȼ׬ӣȴ󻧵֮һͷӣپ¥һƴ˰¾ο϶Ҳòȥƴһ£ѾжԸּǿջķҲǧӶѣǮƴ
ּǿջĺԺ֪־¥ԺֶȻ۷־¥жǮȻѾ˷һµʱ䣬ΣһҪʤ


116 ϰ
ܿ죬ּǿջٶȶͩҶ㣬һǮһݡþƣȫһɡ
ջ¥ľƲ˼۸ƴ½м仹иӵĳپ¥Ϣ쫷ϯǣǹֵ÷зй̫үҵȥҵŰݷãȴòεϢ
˭֪ȥһҡ
ǵھ˭Ц󣬾ųɾŵ˶ѡּǿջϾּǿջΪƽ񻯣ƹĴˡ
ǵڲ²˭Ц󣬾ų˿¶ѡ־¥
˵ģ˻ţ󺺹ľ¥ƴȴһСس﷭Ҷֻֻһҿջ
ɢźâ̫ʼƶɫŹ֣Ժÿֶķ䡣
ƹС˪ˡ
ֶüų壬С˪ÿ»ؼңʮʱŶԡ
Ѿͷôûˣ
ǣΪɫŹΪϰҲˡ
һû˳ֶſ
ϰ
˵ϰּǿջǰһǾСáȻǰҪһֽԺּǿջҲûϰˡ
бˣֶţȻʱ꣬λСٰܲԼҵļͣȴҲڻͨԺŽš
˾ƹӢæ͵С˪ϰ֮⣬һλĹӡ
裿
ֶ¶㵣ү
С˪Ůûȥӭӵĵöǰκȥ˺ôҲͷֶŮ˸Լ޹ϵ
ȴͬǰΨһĶˡ
׼ˮ
Ըһֶá
ų̀С˪ЩЦݣһһĸ졣˵ԣһŰ£һױ꣬Ŀ΢΢ƶŴõʳǡ
ү
ԶԶģֶкһ
壬΢΢һ𣬿ֶĿЩ
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ʮˣֶͷƵү롣
УȴȣУ΢΢ֻ÷ֱۣ˵ͷ
ǸԼΪԼΨһǹŵͯµʴ£ƺѾԼˡ
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ϵĸף˪ʵûжټ䣬ദһҵʱѣŮ˴ģֻľη
˪ͷңֶЦǺǵȥɣ붬ˣȥ·
ţ˪æͷɱӡ
С㣬룡ֶؿá
ĵգ˪ĮʣС겻û̫ĸı䣬ֻǶ˷
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ĻСͿˡ
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ȵϲˮл֮һڣȥˮѧԺС˪һɣ
ֶҡͷǱˣһΪԷС˪вҡүֻС˪ʡȥˮѧԺС˪ȥǵʱˡ
ЦүƺҼǵֻսҸͯʱù
ֶҲǿЦǰεĶ飬ǰα𡣵ǰκǷΪͶ˪鲻ͬѾǺܾԶˣһǰζõĽеĲǼѣʲôȥͬܣ
˵ɣõĮȻȥ㲻ҲҲȻҰɣ
ֶ裬Ȼ֪ԭ򣬵ǵãǱϳҵġ
ǰεļңףĺŶԡֶ޷⣬ôͻȻҵ˵͡
ֶ飬ǿЦЦڵ꣬׿ȥŰʦ;һλɽֵǿߣʲΪӡǰʦȥһĴᷳˣǰӣͻҡڸѾԭҵĹû𷣣Ҳסˡ
ֶĬȻǹ
һ֪赱ҵĺжȴݳ֮ңֶţ˫վǰԥһԴն
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ֶԥٽͩҶ㣬Ǯһݡ߼۾Ʋˣĳ塣
ţ
ͷ뿪
ţòõֶ㲻ǻң
ӦȥŻڣʦȥҸѲɣһΪŮֶľ£Ҷ׸ҿɲȤ
ɫһͣӲңо겻ֶѾǸԼǰ˵ֶˡ벻ֶԼ̬ȣ仯̶ֳȡ
׸ҲȤ⻰˼ɱˣôˣҲ⡣⻰ֶȴ̲סЩ
ӴóһŷƵֽƬһƱϣÿڵͶʮӣջĹģ⼸Ӧ׬˲ӣ־¥ֻѻʯֻҪԸ⣬ҿ԰ǿһĿջ
ǲѻʯԹ֪־¥ٲƴ֣ܲóҵһСسġʱ˵ɣȥǰſͷ
ֶδκδ𸴣һԥľܾǰζɽ׵ܵҲˣȻԾɲͬ׸ңȴòػҵΪʲô


117 ԭ
磬ֶδкãԴ˪ȥ˳̡˼·Ĵйһֱʱ֣˲Żصջ
ԺԵģãǰḻ˲١
˪ߴߴļˮѧԺѧҵͰС̯ķṦΰõڣҸıԷҲڴǰϸʣѵðһء
ֶԾûжõʻκȷظһֱҹʱ֣Ŷϵס¥ÿķš
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ֶЩ⡣
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ţɣͷÿ
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ȵֶ£εʮ겻ùˣûֱӾܾΪ𣿡
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Ƭ̣ЦҲ֪ܲ㡭
ֶĬȻ費˵Ҳǿ
̾˿ͻأصɽ˲Ᵽ
ֶ΢΢üֱֱ裺үɽˣ
ǿЦʮû仯Ȼر𡣾ƾһ仰ܲ²⵽ԼݣǰֶǾԲġ
ĬƬ̣ѯʵɽˣô
ֶɽ˺޼ɣ°޶һٸ棬ʮŸûۿɽĻǸûϵ
ʧЦʮ겻ĳԭǱ仯ĵطǰȻɽˣ޶ɽȴʹġ
ֶĵʮ޿һ˳Զ˿ĳҲӲˣҲ׳Щ
ԥƬ̣ʵǲԹҵ㲻ˣ
ֶҡͷǰλԼ赱ľ
꣬ҲʮѣӶǳޣȴã޳·ᶪǰΣҲǲǰθŵ롣
οܰĸȫһĲȫ͸ǰΣѾˡ
ʮǰһ˹ǣΪƾ츳ԽŰʦѧܻ֮ұ𡣡¶ãǣҲ֪һеѣΪ˻ŵţ͵Ҳɱˡ㵽Ͽȴڳɱ˷ҵĶүͨ׷ɱͶ·ֻɽͶɽˡԺСͷĿͷĿկɱҲԽԽ࣬áĵ·ƽģɱѾֻﲻˡ
˶٣ĺҧгݵ֧һֱȥҡҪҼȮӾ
ֶȻȮӾ
֪ңû룬ȴ޵˳̶ȣҪҡ
ΪʲôҪô
֪֪ĸôģ
ֶҡͷУǰδδĸףֻ֪ĸķˣǰνҵʱѾˡ
ЦۼԭֻΪҸ۴ܣ۴򲻹ңȥͷĸΪ˲ܷҲˡʱңΪģͰǿ˭벻ĸǰҲһ꣬ҲꡣٺӦö֪
ֶĬȻ
ɱϣָ˵Цݣ·ֻصǸ˭ƿ׵ү
ƾҺһɽˣңԣϣܰҡ
ֶҪô㣿
¶죺Ըң
ֶͷڱʲôˣô鼫ܰԭĿĽ͸ԼɻǰԼֵˣͳ㣬ǰǷµ飬ܲ
ɫһϲ̾˿㲻Żڵġ
ֶҲãСҲգСţҲܰɴš
ҡͷô˵ߣɾҲߡСţʼղ߱ˣҲûʲôתأȻƴȴûʵһŷ̳˵ĳ̶ȡ
˶٣츳ûдҲע̤ǿ֮СҲ͵ڣŻڹƾʵԳΪеšֻҪ׸ңҲҵȻвò˵ڹ棬ʵڹŻڵȻͣ޷֧ңŻڶʯҩ֮ȫͼң鷳ʱɽæȴܿԡټұʵΪǿ֮ʮʮΪһ֮ŵĴ塣
ֶͷиųϵи֮ǺܴġǰҲֻĿɽΣʱ򣬳ְæѡȴһȫڹĿӣһЩʵԵİ֧֡
ﲻŵǿߵĻǴ󵽾ˡ˵ģǿһ廹Գĵ㣬λǿڼڲ֮ء


118 ȷĴ
ֶͷѾףòԼ֪ͣҵҪԡ
Ҳɻ󣬼Ȼ뵽ҵҪԣӦҲܷ츳κһҴŶױȵҪԲŶԡ
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ɣֶͷԼ˻˪ãӦҲһĵλ
ĻԺȫȫ֧ңΨһİ취ǰúùšЦ˵㵽Ժ󣬾Ҳƴͽֺ㡣
Ȼأֶʵ
͵ȻֻҪҵĵλҾУҲǣ̫ġ
ֶЦЦҡͷ׸ңҵνѾȢ׵ˣƿȢޣҲںͷֻ֡
ĿһͣɬһЦ˵ͷҷ棬츳ټϹŻڣҲұ㡣
ֶҡͷҵи򵥵ķ
Ȼ̧ͷֶĿУһڼ
ү뱨ûвĵֶԹŻڵʵԸӦò̫ѣҿ취˵Żڵ
Ƭ̣ҡͷʵŤ
ҪģĸƷʧȥȨʹ࣬ֽ޶һɱ޾ľС
ķֶĬ뾲š
޵ĥʮʱ£үͬŷ츲صı仯
үȻޣ˳֮⣬ǰҪϸ첲µĵܵܣؤƽ񡣿ڣֻʣޡ
ãֶڵҿԴȥס죬˶ףǰͯɶĹڣ
ģȻվ¶ϲĻҵõȻԶԶֱ׸ңҵĵλȴֻ߲͡
ͬĻǾ԰ɣֶЦջҲæˣһȥǡ
صͷеĴʯͷ
ֶá
㣬κ˶˵ֻ·ˡֶ
ͷ
Ƭ̶ʮֶǡ
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ʧ䣬ٻʧԼҲ˵
صֻ꣬żֶôˣֻΪֶһ˿ΣҲֻ룬δǿֶǷǵͷ˵ֶȢԼˣֻԼеһ͡
ʱ䣬˵˵ȴҲ̡Ѿ䲻˵ĳʱˣȴһʮһ꣬ûнκܴﵽ鶯ڰصĶӡ
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ֶΧΧæǰæ׼緹ΣֵϤС
ϧóֶ緹ֻ˪弦⡭ȫ˪ϲʳ
ǰһӦԼϲĴβ˪Եļ弦
·뽫ðζµû˿ľƽ
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ģ˪ɴ۾С绨š
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119 ҵ߼
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124 ɱ
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125 
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ȫüģûһ⡣ңЩɽķвͬҲʹţҪô˲ϢλãҪôǽԴӲͬ򹥻˿΢΢ຮת˲㣬Ѿﵽµ۷ǿߣҲڶˡ
Ӧ۷ǿߣڵصãֶ˵ͷƾһ߽ܰųǾ޻ǾŽеߡ
ܼԦޣ۷ǿߣĿԡ
벻縮Ȼ۷ǿ·㱣·ʲôסһ㣬Դɳơ
·ֶ΢΢üȻʱĻž
䣬ƺʲô
ʮ۷ǿߣҲҪһԣ˫ȭգҧгݡ
ֶһʮ۷ǿߣǸȥ;ǵĹٵϣƫɡҲý
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ܿܣѾƲˡ
ʱֶʹͷƣܳһҵʱ䣬ûѶͷһϡ뷨֮󣬾Ʋ޷һڸϵǣѾռʱڻصǡ
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ûˣңôİԵֶЦЦκС
ɫһ죬⻰Ա֮ڣҪôţҪô߶ԷаԵʱɳֶ֮ڣȴޱȴ̶
ǰֶΪҵİԵȡ
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ȨأֶˣúȴңҲ³Ĵ㣬һۣ
ҲСʱʱ䣬ޣٶȴһҳš
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ҵҵʱֵüЦڰյϢ˵ֶѾܾ׸ңϣҿ
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ʮӶʮ̬ǲֶǰȷʵҵˣԼﲻһʱǨ˼иҲܳΪǿߵĶӣѾš
˭ףһǵļ˵Ժ󣬾ҲĿ
ܺԼһɴϣֶҲڱϰԼˡ˵Ǹľϲ
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үС㣬ɣֶͷкһã
ĬϳãһүһС㣬֮ĲɲһĴ
Ů˼ദһ࣬ƣһʱ䣬˼ҿ϶ûŮСƢҪȻദһ࣬ͨҲвСĽ顣
ףϲѾϹˣ˼ֶݲͬҲ
ңɲֹһŮ


126 粻
ţ³ǰ¿ջһãֶӹޡ
ǰ濪·УҲǳ衣
ڣЩӱ·ˣֶĬֻ˼ݳƬ̣ǲҲֹһܡ
ֹһ·ռаֵһլۡǰͣ
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үˡֶٴɫĻһ䣬λүҲҼ̳ۡ
ʮ겻۵ҲʱǰŰ裬ѾЩ̳˵ķ緶Բû˿ŭ⣬ϵЦݷŨ
ʱҴǰЦֹӣʮ겻ỹڸ۶ƽǰĲɣ
ҶˡֶŹ
һһЩ֪νӻˡҼλǰףΡ
⼸ǰٺ棬ʣµľλүСźãЦݣ׼ϡ
һףĴ·£һ˴ǰԺҵС԰һЩԺ䣬󷽵ô
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ѹôĻϸТӣ⻰ȻЦ˼䣬ƺԼǰľƱ
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ȻѾµļ̳ˣǵճӣĴͷΣҲǿɽİˡ
ĿɽͬСʱգҸ̳˵λã˵ˡ
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ҲңҾŶԡֶͻȻӣţȸΪ
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ӴóűʯľУЦǺǵУֶСһңҲûʲô׼ǰ򵽼Ų֪ú°빦ʱ֪ļֵֻ֪ڱãͻɿݸãֻʣţ͸ɣ
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127 ǰĴ
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ƹ񡭡˵ǽôˣ¶ϲֶðβżö˽
ϻֶЦ
ԶԶԣľԴⶼ벻͸͵һԴ
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ʱ䣬ˣҵԺ¼١ֶͷ
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ʯпտյΨжһľţƽˣէһۣȻΪͨһҡȴףľŵĺ棬ʵʯڡ


128 
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ӣٲҪųԼķҲûʱ˼ֶֽ֮Ÿϵͷķ䡣
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ȻֶҲˣͷȻɵԼ
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129 
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ףͷԥ
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ֶ΢΢һȻŽģ
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ֵޣϵԼͻӵʵðκһա


130 
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135 Żڴ
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ο˼Ҹղչ¶ʵһ׾١ŵӣֻҪǹɱˣ󺺹Ȩʵġ
ܹܣɱǡһʱֱ󣬿ٽϵ
ʱľս˫һҲ޷סĴٶȵڵأ̼ҡ
ӣܹƽֻĲҵŻڵĽ顣һֶ빫ܹ½⡣
ŻڵĽ飿ֶۻ㵹ͦġ
æֵЩӿޣ£ϣ̧ܸ֡
ˣɣֶͷػ˻֡
ɴ⣬ƨǧлʱɱˡ
ԶԶģӭ¥ĻڻƵָ´ľ̨ɱ˳ӭѾûȥȳˣȥ찲ƣǰڵӭ̣ǲûʰһᣬλӵл
лԶԡӭһԴŵ찲ˣȻѸү˸ˡ
Ըӭǳ˽⣬Ҫү̣ˣ͵øԣǾԲӭ¥ľ۱ô˻ٵûλӣӭ¥ʮҲǳصģүⲻȴڵϿһ壬϶ᡣ
ο˼һŵӡܽύĻڸӭ¥˸κμɽ
ֶմܾٶ𣺡ӭ̣ɣȥչүӸղŻ˵٣кλӰɣ
ֶŤͷһϮ£¡δʩ죬ȴһü̡϶ԣλĹɴ治ʳ˼̻ᰣֶƯŮӡ
ֻԼ˵
ֶ΢΢ü³϶Щá


136 
ֶ¶ãǸȻһЦĿ⳯һԵƲƲ
ֶһΣʱκͿھܽг֣΢΢һ˼жʱ
飬Լ˼Լĵˣ
װɣ֪ԭֶвþȥԿԥصӭĿ¶׹ôڻһᱡɣ벻֪Ʒĺʲô
ҲңȥţӭپüһλԭҲǸˡ
ʱһûãƲ˱һһӭҲ󷽣ӶġֶɨȥĻƻ˰ᡣ
ֹӣллûвҡȵ뿪ϷţЦȻƱֶҾһ
ԶԶԣæֹӣղҲȣҪȻֱۿɾûˡ
ˡֶһŲæȥȥţͻȻˡҲͷ׾ݵˣҪĺ
һ죬ӵģҪʵݵö࣬źվ
ֹӣ֪㻹ҪǴáĿڼ
⻰˼ֶԸԸơżһҲͰˣƣֶûôҲûǷݺģҡͷͻǣ
˶ٸʧ飬млʱֹ֪ûʱ䣬ڿ¥ھл
¥ֶԸв죬ҪھƣҲӭ¥ŶԣĻܽԼһصơ
εҸܽϣÿµĻһĶ־ѳֻܡ
ֶ¶죬¥ү
üһٷɵģ¥ˣԴ¥ү
룬ֶҡͷ˫ղڴʼն¥Ůӡǿ¥ĵ˵Ҳ޷ǮˣȢ¥ŮӵҲ١¥ĵףɡ
ˣöӸ¥ŮӽĵܲǷԷ
˵¥ӭ¥лᣬΪ棬ֶ塣ڿ¥ֻԾްѶԷ뷨Ǵ󻧶ţëֶĿֻϣŸ¥ƾ¥ΪУҪȻ˵־¥ѶԸ㼷ԷһǷ棬ּǿջٶ𺦡
£ֽǰסġҪȥ¥һ˫ϲ棬׼Լ˵ʼٸߣ˫ϲٷḻһ㣬ԼžͳΪ伫ƻӸ¥Ůӽˡ
ʱ˫ϲһݣھ¥һӦٷԵãɾôôֵ
ӣһǾ͵뿪´лɣ
΢΢ɣεͷֹǣһҡ
һһֶЦŵͷȻ˫ϲһͬ£Ȼ뿪ӭ¥ǵڣӭ¥Ϊ˽ʧȥκξ
ּǿջ˵Ǽ顣
Ǳˣֶûв̽˼˽ϰȤּǿջմϹϵȴ̲ס֪˵ʲô̶ȡ
ӣǶˣôʶģ
˵һڨڨǻǰˣдȥǧй䣬Ѿ߱صĵƦϷǰȰδһ٣ҰѿҶȼƦ°ɮܣӹһ١
ֶȻӢ۾ŮӢۣ
Ȼ󡭡ȥصÿǧ¼һ֮⣬ֻӭ¥ˡ
²ǳõ°ɣֶ
ε찲۶ʮ˵ӭ붼û;ܾˡ˵ӭ¥ľ۱裬ʮӣ׬ˡ
찲Ǽӵ𣿡ֶɻ찲ӭ¥⡣˺иܴǾ˾¥ʫǷŵ£ù¥Իǰ̣ǳһ¥ŮӣǼӵڷ
찲ȻƹҵĲҵȻҲҿеӵܣӭ¥ѾǹˣȢؼң˵ˣҲЦ
󲻶찲µҲ˽⣬͵찲츳ͣΪĸǴˣǳҼİãȴɼΪó衣ֻҪȢҲֹ찲
ֶȻԭˡ
ЦѾӭ̸ãӭ¥ʮԺͻٵʮ꣬Ҳྡ
ֶĬȻλעǿԧһԣӭе࣬򣬿쵽Լڵʱٲð
ֹǲǵӭԼЦӭ֪飬Ҳ֪Ҫô϶ԣʱԲ˲ջ¹ﲻ¡
ֶɸ߿ģԸǸҡ
Ƭ̣Ϊǣֶ֪֮ģҲٴŶˣ˰ӣǽϥ붨
һٷԵڣ˵ǧлֶ˼䣬̤¶顣
ﾰʱȴƸ
ѾǣԺġ
ǰҲʱ䣬ܸϵǣһ·ǿӱޡֶ˵ǿջһЩһ춯Ȼûһջ
ֶοЦҲмҹ鲻ˣڿջŵػطϢ֮⣬취


137 
һֱҹ˾زʹ˷βõϢԺֶҲŴĵ͵ĸϻغԺ鶯طĳ̡
죬鶯˳ﵽֶջǵԺϴǰͻƣϴԤʱ֮ͻƣһΣܿջϵͳ4ӳ߱3ӵ4Ҳдµʱ䣬ȴԤڵʱҪ˼졣ԭȻǵ;кȥҸˡ
øŵѾŵòˣٻǣֶʼ𽥼ȥҵĴÿ˻һʱϰʵ翲֮⣬ʱ䶼˷
ڣŴ󲿶ӣƺƵǡϰƥʱɧ
ԿջԺ뷿䣬ס˵ҲɡźסֶһʿջĽȣԿԿš
죬ʱ
ֶ˽̸ݴܿ㰴ͷֳȥǧˢҲа
峿ֶһ죬ɿջǱŵĻͷ֡
һٶŴΣͦ˵ģڴϣҲСĻҡڶһ޴ĺּǿջӣûɧֻţ·˵עвٽҪȺȥ
һ󴮵βͣﻢͷֶ֣һӡԣλֹϴһ£βΧһεĺһͨÿӿʮһ죬˶ĽͰʮ׿ëˢ˰ƴСĴһ飬һߣֳִһɳ©̼
ңʧӰĻǷ·ʲôĬһ㣬һع顣֮ͬڣʱĻΧ߱ЦǰһŴ
鿴һǵĵͼȷڶֵķλֶ̧𣬳Ŀ귽һָٶȴ鿪Σ
ͷֽ֣βլּۡǿջڰĴûκǣΣǸϵ˼ˣҲԹǰ鿴һµĺġ
׳۵Ķ飬Ľˣ̧ͷ죬ԶܳߵеĴÿһֵֵ˿б䲻ּǿջĸ֣ڼв֪ˣҲʶھӾŴӵİӯĭÿš
ӵй˵ĻӣϡʽջȻҲģ֤ǿʵƲˣһӰʱȷ泩ѡҲǶ¶ʮţǴոѡһ㣬ܹͬ˵ڴ²⡣
һںɨǱҹĻ£Ǵһ֮صԺս졣ǱȴһҹʧߣӶÿʮ˼ңһҹ²ּǿջ˼ҡǳǱ⣬ּǿջĸҲ˳򣬷ǧ򻧵ĶС
ֶȴǿ޿ƥеǰǵһ죬עּǿջһ졣
ͻȻðһǿƵĿջҿջͬӪģȴ󲿷ֵĴ¥ơǸҾ¥ϰǣЩסˣǷ־¥ͳǱҴ¥
ܷ־¥Ƴѯƣﻮ˽ʱļ۸սҲڳʵʩʱ־¥ǵĵλѾﵽ޿ɶҡĳ̶ȣϢɶԷ־¥ƹв˾޴ĳҪ߹¥ӭ¥˫ϲӭ
Ǹ¥ϰƹУ۶ּǿջ˽⣬вǵ֮ĵһֻףּǿջľֻднܵЩ
ڽвſּǿջľǵƹƹ
ٷӴĲּǿջܹ÷־¥ڴʱǣλƹ񣬿һִ˷־¥ؼ¥ʱ̣ܵ׵ļ¼
ҪǣλƹүĹעŽʱעּǿջĶּǿջ鷳óְһѡ
˼үԸּǿջ
־¥үǵˣƶͳ͢ԱĹϵط¥޷鷳ȫүæµ̶ȿ֪ȻעһСسǵ£ҴԻһᣬƾ㣬λƹͷͬСɡ
û뵽ּǿջȻǣô̡λƹǺүҲ͹ˡ
ԽԽвſ˼֮󣬾ȥ֮ϸ̡
־¥ĳЩܾʲôϢڵ
ߣ˫ϲӭȽвҪ򶨵öּ࣬ǿջĴֱʣΣȴȽвҪСܶࡣϾһҿջ
ջӪģ־첻㣬ּǿջĳװܱȵϷ־¥˭ȥҿջ磿ž;죬ο¿š
ͷȻ㣬ȴʵϲС
ˣ˴ּ̽ǿջҲͽԺһЩǴСĽһЩ
ڳǱһҴ¥¥찲ϱ۵ĸֶʱҲƤ˺Щˣڼ䣬Ҳõòˡּ֪ǿջ£ѹûϡ
¥⣬־¥Ҳȥ


138 첻ҹĺ
գŶٶȳֶȴûͬУڷ
ʱ֣󲿶Ӵϲعջֶ˼䣬֪һ˳֮гš
һ˳죬ʳǲ÷ġסͷ棬ĿջѾȫ߼£ҲջƹöʮסּǿջҲ⡣
ˣӺǵصƣŵ죬ǲõĵġַǷԺ⣬ټϿջĳպͷͩҶ㣬һڶ첢ѡ
һڶּ֮ǿջضᱻ¥ϡۺģѱʲô۶ӡƻð죬Ͷ֮ĺֶΣ¾ƲϵּǿջʱҲøһӰ
ֶţǴžֺ󻼡
һУһֶֽ͵һһ˻ӱ޸С
ڴ󺺹ŶڸǵĳУǵļ塢̽츮ۡѡλҲڳСУζλҲһ縮ССĸнĳɶסڳУߴڳеһ룬Ϊų϶ڳС
Խ룬ۡԽǹҲԽɡ븮òǧ׵𶬽ֶ֣һլͣ
լӵϣ׽֣ʵҹɫ̸
ʯףֶץŻ˼£֨һһҶ̽ͷ
ǡ
ֶּǿջƹֶǰݷó̴˺ͷˡ
ּǿջƹ񣿡Ҷɴ۾´˼ֶĸк档ּǿջ̸ʣѾҶҲ²벻Ȼۼּǿջƹ񡣶ңλּǿջƹȲȴԶȲ²еҪࡣ
ֶЦŵͷ
ҶֶϵУжٸвˬ
Ȼģôض
ҶһƲ죬룬գ춼ּǿջϢܸộ͵϶ҲᣬԼ鷳źáףҲҵѣﺰһɤӣŻȥү˯ûû˯Ļ˵ּǿջƹǰݷá
ּǿջƹ񣿡һ
ϻôȥҶڳ¼ȻЩλֺһ䡣
ȥ
Ҷûŵ˼ֶĻ᲻ԭ򣬱˵Ҳʱˣԭ磬Ҳ֪Ҷ̬Ⱥõ㣬ѡ᲻ǵӣʵǲԸ
Ϊּǿջⲻйϵ鷳ǧٸԸҲòĴ㣬ͳȥӣһһˣֶûб̰ٵϰߡаģҲĻºҲܰŪ
Ϊ˲洵վŸɵȣֶ˵ΪԼĳ̶ȡ
ۿֶ޶ԣҶһ䣬ٳֶϵУҲŰһ⣬ֻվŵϢ
˲ӣǰݵĴӰҶһϸȥΪһƷ
̸ļҶѾ̸Ȼ꣬ƷƣȴżʶˣէƷ֣Ҷʱһ첽ӭϡ
ˣү
Ʒﳯŷɨһۣڣ˵ƹŰݷأ
Ȼ˸飬ˡүӭƹģ
ڡš
ţƷȻ
ûôɣƷСѾһЦ˻㰲һȥּǿջݷã㵹ãƹţȻ⡣
ŵûɢ˫һ㱻⻰ſ¡ľս֮࣬־ԩޱȡʵһҪҲʵȴû˵Ҫȥּǿջ
Ҫ֪λƹǷˡүľʶٲأҲᰴ͵ĹҲȥŷϢ
ƷĿкݺݵڣ첽ŶУĲŽϣСѾߺ˼ѵѵڣûټһԼڳ̸ĵλּǿջС֮æҲǰ
⣬ֶɱͨҪõö࣬ȼƷ֮Ҳûٽʲôأһ̤š
ƹ񣬹Ȼ㡣Ʒɫһϲٶȼӿ첻١
²ּǿջµĻƣɶǹŷλˣֶЦ
ƹ˵Ʒ￴ֶϵУƹôɾͼˡ
ţвණģСС񣬷˲ҪźáֶЦҡͷ˿ûм⡣мֵǧĲŵĿڴûŪĴ㡣
ԳĲţֶ񡣵ĲǳĲţƷƷƷﲢûжУвСĺøСϾκ˴Ʒλã¾ų϶᳢Ȩּǿջʶȼӳɵӽ
һ䵭ĳĲţֶ˹֣ڵϲ̴˸
ĲŵҲûʲôɫǰǣԲʶȤصֶνҧгݣ޲ּǿջҳһѷ档ʱ䣬˵ʵЩּǿջˣǽѾļּǿջĸ֣̲סϲ
ֶɫЩǧ֮⣬ʵϣĲȴڹ֡иúøֶ飬ֻǲ̫Ʒ￴ߡ
ˣȫʱ䣬ƷƢԽԽ󡣳ĲŰޣȴû֪ϵ࣬ѵۡߺۡҧۡԱдһµѪʷ


139 Ԯ
ƹ񡭡
ȵֶĲſ꣬СѾǰϸĺһ
²СۿԽԽˮˡֶ̲סЦСѾԼԭ
СѾС磬ƢȴƷＸһģӡģƷԼΪʶȼӳɣСѾԼƷԭ֮һҪĻΪ㡣
ϧѾ뿪ջСѾأµʧˡ
СƢȻ׺˿ˮ飬̲סСһ죬Դ͵üԴظ
Ʒ˼䣬̸ֶ
Ϊ£ĲҲһۡȻСһ·УϲˮֶδڣƷȲƹС۽Ѿ죬˵ּǿջǿֵˣǲģ
ֶЦͿţֶԮ
ԮƷһʱ޷⡣
ֶͷּǿջէⲻУֻܹԼӪ޷¡ȴͬۺ죬ʹʲôӸŪˣϵ˼Сһᣬҿ˴Ǯǵҵףҽˡ
ƷȻҲû룬һ۵ĲţܹϵּǿջйصͬŶңʮҲȥּǿջء
ּǿջţǼҲ˵ĻԳĲ˵ھĺϢȻϣּǿջԽԽáԣĲоܾĵȴ¶ԥһûյв飬ȵƷεͷ
ֶƷĲŹ˹ֵл˺ͳ̴ˡ
ƹ̫ˡƷԥһ£̲סѯʵƹǼ󷨵ķ
ֱֶӵͿȥԣջùһܸϵƲ˿ҪһЩ
ģ
ƷϲվȴһĲżĪվ
ųĲţƷСͷˮһʱЩŪ״
Լ˼ֶܿ˳Ĳ˼ԭ򣬵ͷƷʱǲ־ļˣ
ƷãȻͷ
ѹ̴ֳϢ˼ֶЦǺǵ
ĲŷӦҪǱĸϻ֪Լ˼ԭ򣬻һŭ֮°Լ²˴ѹסֶĸмһԹ̾ƹ֪Դǣ˵ļëһ±һأʱҶǲǰǡ
ƷС۲ɲ쿴ĲţŰ׾ϣдϡ
˵Ĳȷʵǣʹ֮󣬻ǽ鱦սʤոһجΰҹ
̴˺ͷ˷ģǰλķٶȾǣһѾ˵ٰҲһЩҲųﻮǿһҸĿջǰλԼǣҲѾ׵ϧֶ¶εұһ˳̸ǰȴôԸڿջĵط
ûϵûϵҿֱסּǿջƷ֣Ļ̸Ǳʱǰ鶨ȻǲУסּǿջȴҲ޷ֻҪº泩ķֶĻǼ٣˵Ҫ
ĲԴκֻҸʵ̫ͻȻˡ
Լҷͷջܣڿջסޣ󲿷ˣ¶ϾѿţҲԼţ˭֪᲻ᱻĸ˹ϡ
ڳĲŵٿƷ˵ñֻҪӣҲֵá
Ȼô룬ǲֳܱġĲһ࣬Ʒ֮£ջεͷͬ⡣
̸ֶĿȻֹˡƷʵȨһȴ˼ɵ˵ĻּǿջƷһ˾͹ˡ
ȵƷƽֶſڵֶмҪ鷳ˡ
ƷãЦƹ񾡹˵ģһæ
ֶѯʵ֪ܲˣ
ƹҸףƷͳĲŶ¶죬Щࡣһҿջѣ־¥̶ֳȣֻͨõİͷͼλֹ˰СͳɣûҪȥҽ֪֪ͬ
ο縮֪ͬѾǹ֪
ҪֹϵɶҪӵġĲϴƷԺ۽Ѿһ̫үԱȵϵģǧ£ֶѾ޷̫Ȥˡ
һҿջһóǧӣ˵죬ʽ鶼Щš
ϻһˣ縮صĴϺŵΡ֮˰صĺ̡
֪֪ͬһ꼸ӾôҳȥиĻرź㡣ҲĹ־¥ڸиҵľްΪһסλֵáԲģһ徺֣ôô
飬ֶ֪ΪʲôôȣҲûֻͣǵͷϣܹӦ
ƷƬ̣ڵѾ̫ˣô
Уֶѯʵ֪ƽʲôã
Ҹ˵ãƽռЩ꣬ѾĶĿˡƷﱾµǼλɩӵõƹҲֻ뱣ּǿջƽô򵥣ҲҰѻ˵̫
ֶȴЩˣŻڿţҪһԴϡ
ڣƷԥҧҧڵƹֻҪЩͨͳɣ£ҿԴ˵˵ұ֤ܳɡ
Ǿллˡ
ֶδע⵽Ʒɫл
˵ӻдŪһ죬鷳Ȼٺò


140 ۼ
صջֶÿصķš
϶ּǿջ¹شȻ׼ƾƷĹϵܸ㶨ȻãֹϵҲοһЩƷ㲻ǵͶá
ǵʱֶӻԪеõһĽ罣
Ľ齣ֵֻǧŹƶǳϸ񡣺͵ҩһļ壬ǾԲģҪȻڸ󺺹ǿʵ
ֻ󣬳ǼĲҵӴ󣬷ͲḸĸ١ϵݣǸ壬ҲĽ׵ߴУͬҲѵһıȻǲΪ˲ҵȥ˵ġ
˵һȫܹ㶨ϡһ罣ԳƵʮþȡ
ֶȴ¥ȷʵ޷ó罣ĳ϶ּǿջº֣־¥ȴͬ
־¥¥Ҫϧ۶ԸּǿջԷ־¥Ĳ͹ϵҲóĽļ壬󺺹ȴҵҡ
ȻּǿջĹģ־¥¥ӿԲ󣬵Ҳȫ޿ܡҪ£ѱͻȻ
ֶҪģȷڣּǿջ޹ٷѹ
⣬֧֧ᣬŻֻĽߵҲûС
ŻڿҲʷ³ӵУҲռ˼֮鵤ö
һдƽǱۼףöֻܸرӾ鵤ҪЩȴҲǹŻȨֻܴഫʹãת˹Ħ
֪ѴֶҲżֻݽ裬Ҫңû׽衣
ϴǣóöӦüǵðɣֶЦ
صͷ΢졣һ֮Żڲţҵȴв֣Ҳһ˵顣
ҩЧӦҲֶ֪Ц
ٶȵͷǰãľʱⷢľ粻ûΪӦҶиͻͽʱڱһ硣ѯ֮£֪öҩЧǿԼھʱġ
Ҳζţʱ类ǣеһиתΪ
öȥһ硣
ҩЧڸŵܳӵı
֪ĳֻһأֶЦ
Ŀ¶𺳣ֻһУ⻰˼ǵڡ
Ȼһקסֱֶۣؼңǲң
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΢΢üȻƹĳת͸Żڣ
ֶͷãܲһ
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ظ߹ĲֶȴҲûзҵõԺÿṩһŸŻڣ֪ô
ÿһţصĺ̲סͣѲɣĲԼԤڵҪߣ
ֶͷصĲ²⡣
ãҧУƹδŪ֣Ǵȴ;֡;ʵвͨƹԸһŻڿ㳲ÿȷʵṩһŵĻۼײ͸ƹ񣬹ŻڲرöҩʱҲһ͸ƹ񡣡
ȻˬˣֶͷˣųִܲĿԾ͵㼸죬ת˲ͷףǵŻڲͣĸʵгϣʱĹŻڣھʮһĵķչѾеŵʵ
ЦƹҪۼ׵Ļ²¸ĳɣ
ֶҲЦֲ԰Ȧּǿջĸҵ͵ĻҵݷϣŻȷҵȫʵ
һЦЦòޱȣȫȻûһϺе֡
ţǰλƹ񣬽϶ԵõϡŹֵĺö仰ڹŻֻҪʵҲܸų


141 Ҷϱ
ǵڼ磬ֶԼݳƷǰС
֮ʱϦѾֻʣԡҹĻ
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һ·裬լƷ﻽һѾһ֮£˶Щ⡣
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ֶͷ˼ҳԷʱЩʱˣƷڣҲ̫Ρ
˽ƫпͨ¥ĴãڷԲһűԴ󼸷֣Եøͻ
ӿһţţ󲿷ֶǸ˺ͯԴһȦԲֻˣΪһԼѮΪϣ뷢԰ףǿ׳ģԿɼʱͣȻҵһ֮ϡ
˶Źʵĸˣ࣬ٶʮϡʱ;УֶҲƷļңŮȴֻһһ檣ֽѹ˼ҵĹأֻĸӶϱ볤ܸͬϯ
ϵĸھУءвôŮ죬ΪٵġŴȥˣûڼչ˸ˣҲڼС
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ϵĳɣԼѮһɫĳгĵЦݣһȥ˵һӡô˲ǵǹ
ʱ򣬵һӡͦ׼ġн̫϶ϱı磬ԭصһŵƺ׬ǮľҲλá
ǴܲٹһŪʵȨƷ١
СƷֶţ¶죬ѯʵôˣ
ƷҲûЩʵʵģֱӵƹѣ븸װæԾʹһˡ
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޳ȥŮóȥˮƾʲôôĺô
ֶ΢΢ü˵飬оЩ
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ֵֶּǿջƹֶǿջţ˳ϯ֧֣ջԺҲһ˳
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һֹֿܽϣĵϲǽ֪ŵ飬λƹȻûžŪộҲ׼³˫˵ҲҴһ׼һϲҿŴҶڣôҲһټʶһ
̫¶ɫɲһŪֵġ
ƷƢȻ꣬ȴɵԴŭֶ·һקס䡣
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ͨĹϵɱͨĹϵҪοһЩڴ󲿷ͷôܱȲŮҪƾƷĹϵԸּǿջıɡ϶Ҳ⡣ܲ˸߽ջҡڲڼ϶Ҳ¶Щ˿ʱҲӦ׼
Ĺϵǰ϶Ȼ̫ѹ۷ꡢӸ˰ЩٷֶΣֶģ˸ҸЩּǿջľƲͶ֮ĺ顣
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142 
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һѶŮ棬ƷǻƢòʱ˵ͽŴԺҲ˷츲صı仯У׵ĻŮ
ҪȻҲ䲻Ĳͷϣһѡھƫӡ
ӵǿǵʵҲͷսȨȻ͸ط˼ѰѻµλýĲţ˲ʵ˼档
ֻǱһҿջѣֲС£ܲ
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ϱĲܽҫ϶ȴǻΪģܶĶƷҲá
һ룬Ҳò壬ϿһڴҧҧУȥȡǹ
ȵϳƫܽŤͷֶȻƹ˵ּǿջͿˣ֪Щɫ˵úãָҲȥ
ԶԶԣƹ˵
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˵ǰèҲ˵ƷǰèƷ¶Ȼ˫֣Ȼץϡ
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ֶܽصҲ׳ˣô˵ˣƹ񣬸òᣬ㲻֪ʲôԲŸô˵ɣ
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ֻҪӣܿϵǹȻЩӣϰ̫Ӳ˿̣ȴǽк˷ҳ̶ȣ·𿴵һµǹ


143 糱
ӰƶٶʱԽԽкȴУԽԽ
ţͣɲǣʱﵽ壬ǵصĽк
ƶϱ׷
Ͻµͷ½ǹͰɱУһ򵱹Īơ
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ϱƣԹڵʵʤҲ϶ָ
ƶϱӳףһϵ׳ǹ޵е֮󣬳ҡŮ˲µ׶Ⱥϸһ飬ƷҲ⡣
ۿ̫бֶ֮ЦĿô˸ǹ̫ңⱲҲ޷ǡ
ǹҲɫ١һĽ飬룬Щ֣˭Կ˿̵鶨Ȼ졣
ǹӢۣڷӵǹٺҲһ̫ҡͷιܰǹֻڴ˵УŹʡ
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ۿ־绹ڼӾ磬ֶѹƬ̣ȻԸСȫټѽҲͣ˴ӺԺȥЩֽȫüɰƴСȻָӡǰŶӵĻһһš
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148 һڶ
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ʱ磬ͷ棬µǼҿջףʮͷסѾﵽɣ仹û4ջľֵ޶ס޵Ŀ˶ϾӶ࣬ʱ䣬ס䲻ܣﵽ޶ȴѡ
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161 ͬȫԮ
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ӵֶָܿ޳ûĵطһ·ɽԽ룬˵Ǽɽͷȴʱֲҵͬȫڡ
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ԣɫʱһͨһֶţŷ
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ּǿջֻǲͷҲûϵ۷ǿʲôݣѳͷ˳ͷΣգ϶ȡº󣬺ôҲȻٲˡ
Ǿּǿջ˭ּ֪ܻܲǿջΪЩͷȱ첲ҲһҪΪ˶۷ǿͨҲˡ
ֻǱһүѹѣȻûȫĿܡС£ʧȥһͬҲ޷ա
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仰㲻Ϊˣֶʱ鲻̹һЩ룬ڵЩС£ֻҪʱҵĹӦͿԣģҰɣ
ѪæСüԺԲơѵ۷ǿߵǷԼһĻᣬ״۲ߵССңҴѹֹӣô׷Ź
ֶüζͷɲֵǮ
һᡣôôңû찲ͷԼҲжˡ


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ھתĻʼͣһԺ󣬻ָȶ
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٣ȻϲԽڵǼǣֵͥëʶ᲻
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ֶǿԼȥ룬ۿʱԽԽҲԽԽԿơ
ֶͣҴԪͬɡ
ȥʱ̾ʱȫҼȡ
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찲˸飬ҿҪͷģܡ
뷨찲׹ߣһƲ磬˵Ҫеͷȷʵпҡ
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ּǿջƹֶʮͷƽٳţҲٴջ⣬ǽ¸𡣡æ˵иŮƺסּǿջÿ»ס졣
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תԪٶȺȵУȥС￴ߣÿʺŮ棬Ҳϳ˵Ĵ
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ǾȥԪŭ
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찲սֱԪſԾɻڻԼĶղǲǳ⡣


163 ʿɶֹ
ֶڣе糱ˮӿصŷţӿ졣
վŵҶԶͷƣʱţƲˡ
˿ֶ첽ǰȻһѽŴ򿪣վᵽɤ۵ķ
ƹҼԪ찲ˣ˵Ц
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ţ
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ڷţֶǰ£һλ󾲴Ԫĵ
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찲һѱǵһĿֶĮȻӣ·ʲôûпҲʲôû
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־ϲ찲ֶȻүľƺ̫ãϧүҵλǷҪȻҵǽүΪá
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Ԫδע⵽ֶɫСèóĶƤȡһ飬óһʯг֮һСèУٰºϡ
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СèŵϣԪ̧ͷֻҪСèĶʯҶڵߵĻأͿˡֹֻͣҪ
ȻֹԪŷֶ֣ĿЩ
ʱľʱСèеĹâȶȡ
ƹ㡭ֵǵ챦赭д޴ļӼ˵ܾ;ܾԪô޷ֶΪλڼСʱʧ̬
ֶγѣԴת
ƹ⼸С⡭Ԫɻؿֶ
ֶķӦҲľСèԼҲֿģľҲһС⣬ôҵģǰôδ˵
ԪЦֻСŮ⵷ĳġ
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䲻ֶʧԪεЩСȻȿСҪ־һЩҪʯľͣȥܺĵһʯңҲ鷳㶼ͬĲϣɱҲҪ߳ϰٱһֻľһӣʮֵ÷ϵһֵһӵʯֻǱͨС־һЩѣͲ򡣡
Ԫϣֶ¶Щʧϲǣֶ˿̵ϲԲ·ԿһŽ鼼Χһˡ
ԪЩСļֵȴֻɱĴȴûЩС⿴ڼֵ
ʯؼǧĳɣͷеھнǣ֮ȫʯͷŵҪҲ߶
Ҫܰʯеһķ֡
ڱķֵֶֻȴͬСɡ
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⻹ΣֶԪŮܰʯеԽתΪܣʱգֻҪоѱתΪܡܡܡ
ܰԪŮнջСơȣڡһûеĹ˼һ֮жûƳɹϣҪˣ޷ռװּǿջߵּǿջ͸ߵƷֻҪЩɶһ޶ݳƷױȵ
˿ֶԪԼԵ赭дһЩڵֶСЩ˼֪ɲҼС㣿
Ԫ¶ɫֹ
ʲôѴ𣿡ֶ׷ʵ
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ֶȻɵӣ
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ǰҲԡֶҡͷ˵ʵҶЩС⻹ûģȷʵС㡣
Ԫͷţףǰλƹ϶һͨЩС뵽档ûãʯĻҪǿʵĸ߽󡭡ԹҵĲѹ;ڡѾͷʯͭˮƯ
ۿֶĿԪڶϳʱλƹ˷۱ëָóϡ֪Ѿ̸ˣҲðǼСóѾͷ˵
ڣѾǲˣԪ찲֮ԴЩѿЦݣڵȻƹСŮͻҰ
δֶ֦һȥ뻹˼ȵ˼ֵǾˣͰȥüɽ
ƹԼ䡣ԪæѿЦ㻺һЩ
Ӧõģ
ֶͿİԪսս찲ͳջ


165 ҧ
ԪֶҲûţϹʳȫ׼һݰϣϸһпֵܳӦԷе֮žϱĿ
һֱ˴ʱ⣬ٵĽŲԶ
Ƭ̣Ŷ룬ɫŹֵƹˡ
ôˣֶ
ƲƲ죺ƹԼɣ
ֶĸɻһԪͷһࡣһһңһͷҡƴ̤˫ȵС
ȵ߽һЩСһЩʮ˾ģǺ£Ǿǿ֮⣬ӡ̵ĵ˫·ɼСȸߡ
ƹЦˡԪڨڨĳֶ˹֡
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ԪЦŵͷֶԼѾˣҲƹˤܵСŮɡ
Ԫӭ䣬ֶĿɨۣſС㣿
ץɵ˫뿴Ԫ
ƹĻҵĻԪӿӦͻ׼Ժ󣬺ſС㣡
Σ˫ַſ
һأʱһŤͷһںݺҧԻļ
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ɵȻУƿԲģȴôŬҲ޷ƻ˫֣嵽Ľǰ
Ԫ΢죬Щȥˣȵɣú֡

ɷ·ܵʲôţԪֵĳ˼󣬹Ȼͷ˹ȥ
ԪһӣɵҼ磬žһһưų˼ڵء
ֶ΢΢üԪĸй˲ʱ½˼֡ô˵ҲŮôҲôء
ۿҪֶǰ𣺡С㣬ҽֶּǿջ
һ룬Ȼһקסֱֶۣͷݺҧȥ
ֱֶֻ۴һҵʹɲƴĴ̹ǵĸо
Ѿͷɿ
Ԫ󺧣һɵһƾɵĺĳֶʹȵס֣
ƹ񡭡Ԫֶ˼
ֶͷѼЩ亹ٿɣǰҷϣҲһ㺹ա

ĵʹʱһһȥľֶʹЩɢĿ⣬ۣģµĴɡ
ͷߣͨרעǿ飬ȴֶдֱۣ֮
һֶ̣ϣܴԸԼֱҧһ⡣ԸЩʧȫһƶľ

ʮӡʮӡʮӡԪУҧסֱֶ۵ݣ߶һһɿڡ
գľһ˿ѰһƨڵأֶĿЩɢ
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ȻΪ֮ǰѾľȫһڣͬ㾡ȫȴ̫
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ܿ죬ɱˤɲǣֶһΣԪ㵵ĿУ˲Ϣ󣬽ס
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Σֻˣ֮ǵԪˡ
ڼ֮ǰֶԪ˻Щòÿʲô˿Ҫˣˣ˵ɵܸܲһʯеתΪܡܣֻܲСĴָСʯװöǸС⡣ҳӰ쵽ջչĴۣ˷۱
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ţ
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ֶЦЦ˵㻯ֹѪҩϣٰ֮ʰԪ찲ǰ״̬


167 ⲻ
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ҷ棬ֶԤĸΪ˳ԭΪΪԺ룬˵ȥּǿջôҲ÷Ѳٴࡣȴû룬ҵѾΨһ֪ɱԪԺѾѰٻһ졣ֶ֪Ҳû˫۴Ӧ
ּǿջĺԺֶס󿪿ڵˣѾˡ
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ֶ׼һƱó棬ǰƶһƱȻ࣬͵һĹǮ˿ԳȥһЩҵҲи
֣ɻûƹκζձĵοһҲ̫һЩ
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ʯĻض˵׾٣д󰲣Ƭֻ̣ĻӦòѡ
ѣֶȻؿֻл״С磬Ѿϼ侫ܵĻˡƾ㣬󺺹˱ָ
СǰһֻȶͭȻһЩСⲻ󡣡ѯʵ֪ƹûбҪ󣿡
Ҫ󡣡ֶ͵һʯװж˵õſشʦоҲ޷ͬĻء
һð졣ҳɵڶСǰȻûֻҪеĻأǰĻأܣֻҪһشʦõо
˻ǲǵСֻܹأֶѯʵ
ǵãܹʮż󲿷ֶһЩСԼϲС⡣ǰԪҪģһѣģ»Ļͭ˺ͿƶʱĶһ
Щһ취Ҫֵֶ˷ˣϺ棬ȱʲôܿ
ҿ϶㹻ĺͲϣûĻӦÿ
ֶϲµʱȻһ㣬ֻҪٽͼǿ⣬ٶȺճĹֻǿͷô򵥣ԳΪջһơ


168 Ʋػؿջ
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һƷȻƷԪԼԼҵһ̨׶ѡ
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ջµĶԪĴ𸴷ǳˬ죬ĸŮˣЩҲǶࡣȫĻԻƲҺĸŮ˵ĹϵСŮ´ԳȥϹȥ
¹ϵܲܶʯĸֲƷֶԸԪȥҡ
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мζҲԣֻȸϹͷһ档Ʋ赭д
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һԣֶͷԣʧһ㡣ͷΪڵԼƣɺݺݵƲ񷡣
СӣǼʮĽ飬㲻澭Ҳ᲻ðɣ
Ʋ񷲨˵ֻʣţѾӦ͸ˡ
ͷɫ˵ͱ䣬ʱֶһֺõЦݣү͸ͷɣͷʣˣôĿͷĿ
Ʋεû취Ŀܱᰲ˺á
Ʋ񷣬ɱˣͷǾͷɱ߽ޡͷܻĽںˣʵǣ۷ǿˣ˵Ͼͷϡ
ѾһŸ㣿οǰҲû͵ơƲ񷷴ʵ
Ҫšͷ
û취Ʋһ̯Ѷǣһ٣Ůֻһ
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ʡʡɣƲôڶûãǰܲ㣬ڡȫָƣҲоԵİտ˦㡣
㻹ͷٱĪ¶һĨթ뿴ͷ˵Ҳ졣뱻ͷҹ߶ĻȰ㻹ǰ澭ȽϺá
⵹Ǹ⣡
Ʋ룬ȻһЦӴͳһɫĴƿԾɳڳʧ޷԰εֶǰ˳ȥ


169 ۷ǿߵ
ֶʶӹɫƿĿƲ񷡣
Ʋڵƿ澭͸ġ
˵գƲ֣Цͷڣҿһ澭ûˡҪĻұ˰ɡ
ͷЩɵˣԼ޿˰һţ˼һԣӲšȽϣҪҪ˻ˣ
˵Сӣᰵ츳Ӧ콣ڵŶԡŵڹ棬̳ۼȢ󲻶Ǳ츳ڵĵӣͷƵ
ֶŻڹ棿
ϻͷûҪȻҼ޸ȢڵĵӣڰѰŽ˱
йϵƲʵ
ȻйϵѾͷϹۿֶҲӦ֪нĿԲŶԡͷһ澭
ֶϹЩȴδڷһգգؿƲӡ
澭ǾŽ׵ҩֵԲͨ˿ԹġֶҲ֪ᰵΪʲôԼ˴󷽡
Ϊ᰺һߵģѽģƲ񷵭Ȼͣ˭һͬʣܱѵģҲƹһ
ֶĬȻҡʧжһЩĸо
Լ뷨ƺЩˡ
һԣͷСӣѾͷ㣬Դѵ̬ϣ
Ʋ񷲻мһ˵б£ҲŮѵ
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У͸մմ⣬ҹ̳Ǳ٣ƲԺξƲմ
ƲˬʴЦ̳ȻһģȻɳּ䣬Ө͸ŨŨζб¡İͷй֮޲
ֶЩЦã۷ǿߵ̬꣬ЩĪ
֪죬ƴƼٶƣټ֮ǰһƵ̬ȣ֪ģƻΪƲͲöͷҵ
ͷҲѵģûˣȻΪ˿澭ֲ࣬ƴƣ·Ǳһ
ۿ˾ҪƴͷشȾֶֻÿڴϵүӣǰȾƵ£ܲ˵
˵Ϊʲôͷɻ
ǸֶΣȻƲѾΪͷһϣѾϾ˵շò˶õʱ䣬ãҲ㰲ġ
Ȼǰȷ϶ͷȷʵѾȫģҪȻͰ͵˴ĳΪС¶ֶײǽĶС
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ͷͷЦõСӶȲˣҵеľȣ˭Ȱ
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룬ֶҲʵûޣ׷ʵүûͻȻʲôת֮ģ
СӶȲˣʲôתͷٸĪû˵ôˣЩϡŹֵ⣬ǿûͷ˿ϰ꣬һңڣʲô鿴͸Ҳһ㣬ѧѧСӣⶫܾȾ;ȣȲˣһҲ㲻ʲô
ֶԶԣӦǿȷ϶ͷѾ˰ɣ
⻰˵ʵڣƹ񡭡Ʋ񷳯ֱֶ̳ӽֶûϵɣ
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ҲʲôǰˣѵҲѣҲûʲôɣҲѣԺͽɣƲЦͷһҲû׻ʹĺƣԵˡ
ֶԴκģЩɴԽԺԼǲǸʲôʼӳɡ
ңʻרţ˵ġҪȻԼһˣûϵţˣĪ˹ϵ
ͷҲֶ˵ʲôҲţƲΪԼᰡͷĹϵԸһС˵ɺ󱲡
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ֶȻҲ޷ǵݣΪջϵͳӳɴǿţǰȫûͨǿߵľн
һ㣬ǿԲڲԼ߸ϵĶͷȴƽ۽Ļ
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۷ǿߵˣֲƽ˲Ϲè£ѹͲܳ֡
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Уھȥ׼ֶϲæǣ͵ĳ˷䡣
4ջʯǰ˰ٿ飬շÿӰٷ֮һʯһҲֻðٷ֮ʮĻָٶȡ
򿪿ջϵͳʯٽշΪָٷ֮ʮֶ֮
˸¯ƶ̨óʮɱķݣֶͣ׼õĶѪཷһȺ¹
ʱһ̺շݱɡ
鿴һ¿ջϵͳȷһ̺շȷʵٶʯֶ֮˫ӣûһͣЪ˵ͷķ䡣
ôͦ㣬ԡͷƫζƺȤӵݸƲֺ֮Ǻǵ˺ȾƵ¾ƲˣСӣȥҪСˡ
ƲȻҲûƫʲôЧֽӹͷĿӡ


170 ƫЧ
ۿƲҪһӳֶε壬ƫµүһԡ
ƲЦЦΪƣضͷŬûãֶһ⡣
ͷӹӣһݣо׽˼ڣʽ˶ӡ
̲סټݣͷư촽̵УͰ͵ģȴܴˬ
ǾͰһȫԹ⣬ĻҩЧܴﵽ̶ȡֶЦŵͷڿ˳ռӳɣԼձͲҪȻ治֪ôȰͷ̺շݸԵ
ҾͲˡ
ͷСƣƳֶ˸ƣԸ׼ЩƲ֮󣬵̳ƣƲɾƴ
ȵϲˣͷҲ̺շݸԵһɶһ֣ľ̳ҿ⣬ץ̳ڣͷڣϵЦȻһ
֡
ֶһֱڹעŶͷ״̬״һϲԿ϶շݵҩЧʼˡ
ôˣƲһͻƶ񻯰ɣ
ͷתƲ񷡣
Ʋɫһ˫磬˲ʱӡڶͷı
˫ü붦ͷľƲǺ֮ǰ࣬ûж񻯡
Ƕ񻯣ϸ鿴ͷߴٵ
Ƕ񻯣
Ʋ΢΢һ٣˫ۻŶͷľ֮ѵĵطҲ洦ɼ
δκ״ƲҲû˷ӣڶͷľһһ顣
ԡ
ڣƲ񷷢ЩԾͨòϿЩѵĵطڶ񻯣ͨͷľһ飬ʱӦԽԽŶԡûж񻯣ʱҲ󡣿һһܸоõʱڼ١
һԣֶĿƣܶԺշžԵģ䣬Щļȡ
Ʋ˫Ŀգɾ붦ͷĵʼֹ
޾ĵӿײеڱڡƲеĲɣΡȻϸϸı仯
ãƲϣȻһĨ֮ɫ
ͷӿĵڻĻָţٶȻ죬ȴʵʵڵĸܵ
ٸƬ̣ƲջȻŤͷֶƫȷʵͷá
Ҿ˵ôолתļ󡣡ͷզզתСӣƫôеЧ
ʲôеЧֶץ̳ݺݹһ֮ڶ˵Ŀע£Ȼһڣ֤ƺһɡ
ôܡ
˽ҡͷϣҩЧǸ߽׵ҩ̲ˣҲģȴǳģҩƲϡ۷ǿߵЧѾǸ漣ˣһƺһɣֻоŽ鵤Ч
ֶٰ̳ƣһţȾƣ
Ʋɫֶ˵ҩЧԳüΣͷϻм̵Ĳϣ
շݵҩЧǱѰֶȴδٶҲЧ̵Ĳϡ
Ʋ¶ϲɫܸܲȱЩϣ
ݣֶԥ
ƲȻھȥҷݣķٶҲЧĻһֵ֧ռ㹻ϡ
ֶˣȻ˰ʱռʮݣƲΪ۷ǿߣ϶ֹˡⲻڣ㹻öͷȫָƵķݣܿȫռ
Ʋ񷻹ҪʮݣӰһƲѾӰ١
ͷȾ׶ƣĻʱһʱ䡣
·ʴ
ֶ׷һĻƲӰӡ
ͷٿͷݵϣдǿǰ̳Ŀ⣬ŨŨľᡣ
ƣ
ڶͷУԶԶûĻʲôȥȾƣƾôԼһʱ䣬ȡиʱȾƣôҲ޷¶ġ
ֶЦõԥˣĺȰɣƫҩЧԳ󡣡
ˣȣ
ͷһӣץ̳ƴй
ʧãò˶þɣֶãԲƳŶͷʹ
ֶͶͷںԺСãȻ䣬ͷһȻ÷ϡ䣬һӰӺż
ֶʶŤͷ˹ȥʲôҲûƼգۣȴȻƲ糾͵ĳǰ
ͷƲ˿첽ʯԣеķһ˳գۼ䣬㽫ѳһСɽ
ܹٶʮ꣬ܲӻͷµʱ䣿
ܣȫκүҲʮþȡֶϲٶʮ꣬ѾԶԶͷƵҪǣЩУвժõģԾɴŲѡ
ЩѣԺԲ÷ûзݡ
ȫκͷƲЩ⻰˼
Щݣʮɵİտȫүӡֶصͷ
ƲüŸ·⣿
СӣԡͷתƲ¸ݵı
Ʋкɣ˫̧ӡ˶ͷıϡ˫ӿ룬ԭ洦ɼĶϺۣࡣٿɻޱȣԲǰǰ㱩塣
ƫôܡƲ˫ۣȻֶ
үãƫöƹáֶЦ
Ʋ񷲻ţȴҲûжʣֻǵ˵ͷЦŲ⣺ǰˣͷ壬㹻ٻʮꡣ
շݵҩЧҪҩֶԲƲ񷣬ҩЧԿջϵͳѹͽͲˣԣֻøŲ⣺Խ磬үӵҲԽȫԭˣôݵģҼǵã縮ţҲٶ꣬ڣôռģ
ȥڣĲֿˡƲʯϣŵƣƾٶȸ·ټûʱ̸ǿƳĲֿ󷨣ʵҲЩԲ
ֶզ࣬⻰˵赭дΪ󺺹ΪĴ֮һԶִѾ֤еļѡ
Ƭֶ̣ȥ޺շݡ
շÿֻܷһΣ򣬷ٶҲЧҲ͵ҪκöͷƣҪʱ䡣
ʱ䣬ֶһֱǵּǿջһҪ۲춦ͷƣҪкƲ񷡣ǲûʲôشϢֶҲ͵ɷż٣ȺȾƣϳӹң
۳Ŷͷһ̺շݳԵƬҶʣȻֵĳơֶ飬֮ŶͷĿ⣬һգգ
񣬾ڽˣ


171 ߲ʴ
ʱһһȥڣͷЩֶܲ۰Ͱ͵Ŀˡ
̳һţͣ˺ƲƴƣͷŤͷɺ˫ۿֶ˵Ͽͷ
𣿡ֶһɻ
Ϊûһֱû뿪ͷͷû
лֶһɻ
ͷҭҭЩԶԣϱԼˡ
ȾƣȾơץ̳ͷҲֶˣ˳Ҳٿ⣬ָƲƴ
˶Ǿи֣Ƕͷ㲻ƳͬҲǧ̳ƲҪѷһʱܱͷѣʱѾƳһЩȾƵǣ˿ڶͷ
˺͹࣬һվ̳ڵϣȥʯһܴĸ򣬶һ̳
ֶͶŶͷƵʣƽ߳˲١
ûг֮ǰʼշĲ¶ͷûȫϾϣ
ңԶգů̫ˣƶбӰӣϮ£šڵＫԺֻչ֮ͬڣ֮ǰ෴
бӰԽԽۿҪ쵽Զķ֮ϣأһȴĴֶը
ϲ۷ǿߡˣý߲ʴ
ֶȻվڶ˲ĿУݺݻӶȭͷ
ͷȫԭˣ
һһէġͷֹ
ֶһЦֺǺǵȣһһ˷䡣
ȥȥɣͷͷĻ˻֣һ춼߶߶ȫǰĺˬʹ죬ҲǸ׸
ֶȱܣδ̳һ죬ʶŤͷԴֶķѾϡ
˼סҪߺ飬ֶŴ򿪿ջϵͳ˫΢գĬȡ
ǰʹһֶæ˫ۣǰȻһ˸ŵ߲ʹâľ
Σʵɴʣ⻬ƽĴ桭ֶż֮ǰϵͳʾ˵ĺһŴ
ѡֶһѡʺϰڷŻڴõװƷ
ԭҩ䷽ĻĽȻͬ죬ҩЧȻ춯أȴԲʺϹóƹ㡣ǼҾ߻ǲ;ߣٻʺϿͷװƷЧȻֲˣͬһԡ
ֶֽ׶Ҫģǿջľ
һŴֻʺϰڷڿͷԿҲֻһͷ
ЩʧҲǿҩ䷽ֶ߲ʴԡ
߲ʴ10%ÿʱһһ˯
ֶˣ֮ǰʧʱɢ
߲ʴԣôÿʱһһ˯ڣ߲ʴֻЩʧߵһÿʱһʯĻֻԾʧߵĳһ
ˣܶԵ𳬼Ľ߲ʴҪĵطڣǿװ
ֶļװϵͬϷе
װÿһһԣӵҲԽԽǿֶɣ߲ʴԳܱ鼰ջճΪס޷
ãס޷ʱȱͬҲʮǧԭڿͷʶȼӳɣƴӡ߲ʴһԿӰ쵽ջзֵ꣬˿ڿһ׬ǮĿңصĴҲסĻĿ澪ˣؿͷסʡ
ʱڣ߲ʴһʳֻǻƿ㣬Զֵȴ߳ʮٱϾʳ׬ӻвСǱڣסͷȴǱС
߲ʴŽƶֶ̨֮Ĵ򿪷ţϵЦݣ𼴽ʵϦǧ򱶡
񵽱ˣԶԶģͷһ䡣
ȷʵ񵽱ˣүӣûǵԼɣֶЦݣֲõһκöͷõңͷҲʽΪջռڡ
ͷĵˣסڿջҲˣÿñ֤ͷܺȵþƣżܳȥＸ¡
һԣƲЦʵͷҵطˣ
ϰˣź򣬻кþƺòˡͷʪĺ룬ֺǺǵôõĵطϣҲɵˣ
еƲеľ̳ϲҵϵĵطһ̳
һ̳ͷ̳˹ȥ糤ˮţ
ʯԣһ̳ƣֶ˵Ҳһ͹ࡣ
һֱȵҹֶܲͣƳ⣬ԴҲ̲סκʱƲ񷽫еĿվ̳һվ
࣬Ҳˣ
ȥͷֶؿƲ񷡣
ȻǼҵޡƲЦҿɲһڼӣһֻҪȾϣϵ£־Žڵҡ
ֶ죬ֹ
ȥȥɣ¶ࡣͷͷػ˻֣Ҫˣǵ
Уп·콣ڵʱҲǵڲڡƲϵľ̳ڵĻþٲġ
ԣͷֿ죬ֺǺǵصͷ
ۿƲһΣʧӰֶʶֱ̧ۣȵȡ
˶ˣʲôԵԵɢͷ˿ûаƲ뿪ϣץһ̳ƿ⣬δ̧ǰһΣƲ񷾹ٶȳ֡
ֶƲЦһΪûʲôҪҵġ
ֶڨڨߵ̫ˣһûҪҪʡ
ᰰɣƲûʾʣ᰻˵ԸеңҿԶˡ
ȷʵԶˡͷΪȻص˵ͷСӳé®һĲʱƤǱȳǽ񣬾ԣûñȡ
ֶȻ֪Ҫʲô
ڸʲôʱջͷȻͷȻûȢޣŮ֮»˽һЩġ
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ֶýˣɣҲٿ⡣οᰣҲȷʵЩ˵ĸоЪʱżҲȷʵϮõӰ
ᰳʲôֶ֪ҲţԼܴﵽòһ˵ľ硣
콣ڱչأ츳ӦͻơƲ񷿪ڵ֮콣ڻȻ˳һǿ߼ãҾͲˡ
ֶͷ
ȷûˣƲζѯʵ
ֶЦҡͷʲô⣿
Ʋ˵Ҷ̬ȣйؼڹ桭
ֶĸôо޳ϲᰣʵдŵڹ棬ѹûϣŶԡ
Ʋ赭дֻи׼ѣõʱҪϲ㣬ȴ׼ûС
ֶ㬵Ҫ׼ȴûϲҵĴ㣬Ҳǰæһ
£û̫Ĺϵ
ƲЦЦһΣٶʧҹɫС
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СӣúŬɣͷֶ򣺡뵱꣬СΪȢ׿ѾͷǵǹƥɱʥڰȥġʱʵѾһĵһˣʥҲֻǸеšڣ鶯ڶûͻƣʲôɱ콣ˣ
ֶκģͷ֪ȥˡ


172 ȫ
ˣȾơ
ͷеľ̳ҡû졣
ٺôֶκѹѯʵүӣûȤȥǣ
ȥǣͷͷЩԾǣӹûͦġ
ֶͷƲѾ뿪ջٴҲûʲôˡֶǲǿջչҪĿ꣬ͷɱﵣȻҲôȥԷһ
֤оƺȣƽû˴ţͷʵ
ƿ϶ȷģڴšֶεЩ㲻ţ
Ļͷһ£յƹ
ֶ̲ס˸ָץ̳ƣڵ߰ɣȥǣ
ھȥͷ̧۳ɫǿգôҲǳеĺʱ
Ȼھȥǣ˼Һһһҹֶصͷ
ͷ˸վû취ϸ첲Ҳֻܵˡ
ֶŷһұۣ룡
ҾţҪʰʲô㡣ͷҡԴ
ƾ֪ˡֶݷ˵ʯϵľ̳ȫƶ̨ȥͷķ佫о̳һɨա
Σͷֻøǰ
ף㷿ŪŸ
䣬էǽϵķţͷٸоȡ
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ңͨͷЩԺˣλôͨԼȥˣɿ棬ȴǸʯҡ
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ͷͿŽ䣬ѾǳԺˡ
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ֶѯʵүӦ֪ɣ
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ʹһ󡣡
ֶóһ̳þƶͷڼǰЩöͷ֪¡շݶѾ֪϶ԣŷءͷҪʲôģʹշݵעˡ
ͷ죬ܣǲʵĺãҿ⣬Թ˺
߰ɣȥҷȾƣٸ㰲סֶһкŶͷص䡣
ڷȵ磬ۿƶ̨ľ̳ûʣֶһó֮󣬶Գ˷䡣
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ڨڨЦãصûеѣСҲöԸһžˡ
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ˣȻسԷ㵽Ժңе㡣ֶ
ţȥˡ۵ͷ˺š
ƹʲôʱģǰ
ûáֶԸүҲһˣȸһ·䣬ȻĻƸʳɻȥһּǾ̣Щʮڰ
Уȥţصͷ
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ţȥæɣ
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صԺʯûãĨʹӳ߳
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ֶɫһϲİȫ棬ѾһЩҪǿƱǵС͵С춼ȫ֣һЩС͵ȻѡǣЩù⣬ʺóҲ޷ǰġ
ôһ˵׸ʲôˡС͵¼ù⣬ϵĹϵȫ԰ѹ͹ټҰһٴģջ׷شʧԹľģô󻧶Թİȫġ
룬ֶóһŹݸۣڵ˺͹ټҰϹϵ⣬ôС͵Ųſ⣿
ӹ۷ȥƬ̣⿨̫С̫ᣬ½ϸ֣ҲûʲôоֻзǮǮķУעʲôǮ˸һо
ܷǮֶҡͷǮƽӷǳ㡣
ǾֻܿףӴҵϡ
ֶҡͷ죬óŽȥ㣬Ҳ̫ÿ
ҪȻţһҵ䣿۽͵ţѣǮȻ㣬⿨Ҳþ⿪鷳
ֶ͵һİƣⷽãҲһҪţţ;ǹˣ΢˵㣬;ţһҼϸ޽ӣ䣬ԹΣڹҿ塣
ˣѾд㣬ȥ֧Ӱɣ
ֶѾеף͹ܼҰϹϵټ޽ͷԱ֤ǶԹİȫžԵġ
ʣµģͿôˡ


173 ҹ
ȵ뿪ֶҲתط
ͷķѾźãѾᵽڣ˿ֻʣһصĿվ̳
ֶҲʰˣվ̳һȫƶ̨
Ϸţ߲ʴٶȱ˳
öȻԼԣο߲ʴҲȲȷһźƳ
򿪿ջϵͳ߲ʴװڿջԺֶ˳ȥ
߲ʴԣ˯ֶ֮˫΢գŹôС
Ƭ̣ȻУֶǻģ˯С
һˬֶһֽںһƬ
ʯģһ˯ĸʱ
߲ʴɵõȷϣңҲǿһֱ˯ȥʱԶѹ
ֶţʲôĻӦҲܰ˸ѡ
߲ʴջƶֶ̨һ¸ǹ財
ЩɱĶӣֶǰԺս۽Уס¥ʹõͨƺӰ
һӰɣԺ
ֶü˷ǽ룬ջϵͳӦûᱨˣҪôǻƣҪôǿջס͡
΢΢ӿ˫ֶͫϸһüͷˣͷñɵɫ
ҹñ˵ûйŹֶ֣Ҳš
ûκԥֶ󲽳Ŷ˹ȥ
ȻŲҹһͳ𣺡˭
ֶ鶯ڰصʵ翲ֻҪ鶯ڵĶ֣ʮɵİտսʤ
ڴ󺺹ŸȨò͵͵ҿջ˳ǣˣֶ˿ƣŲɣһ˭ҹʲôͼ
˭ˣԺһġ
һûػһ䣬ֶЩƣƺ
ҹñǹʲôֶЩģǰ˼ڶͣ
ֹ֡ӣһľȻ𣬾ǸŮˡ
ԣǵͳҲǴŲ죬лЩϲֹӣôˣ
󣿡ֶϵľȣԲκһ
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⡭ƤЩգȴҲôҲ첻֡
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л֣æҾ
òôˣģҶһ죬ȥҵԵġ
Ͷ˴˸кֱֶǰ̤ʱȥҽŶ˶٣Ųȥ
žһֶԼԴ
ȻסڿջǾǿջĿˣѣ͵ǿջ
һ˫֧һҴ¥¥ͷƣһǴ¥үټ˫пصȻȲöͷõˣȴҲС
˵ղֶֻܰﾡĻһ̣Ѿ¶ܲܰæˡ


174 Ǻϲ
һ£ֶǽش󣬶󣬷Ҳܵ
пڣҲ򷢣˼ʳСˣŪ˺ƣһţֶŻصԺ
ҹûʲôòˣ⡣ֶںãЦǺǵкҵա
ʢȴƺһһ
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ҡͷЦʲôƻ˵ҸȥӭҸ״ӦˣӭθڣҲòô
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ȻҸܽӭҲܰεһǾԲܵ飬ԣҲֻܶˡ
ֹӡȻǲЧҴ󺺹ߣ
ֶҡͷѹͻûﵽߵʵңȲŵӣҲûȫЧҴ󺺹
ߣ֮ǰƶֶԼɾǽߵĻϡ
ʲôĵĻֺαذ˵
ſҪȷһ£·һţҡͷ
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ϣ͵һİƣϲ԰ֿǺ֪ͬʶ˳棬ֵ
ˡҲСȻҡͷǼӻ˵ǼʮӣɱӭܡʮӻпܣĻҲƽ޹ʴҪ
˶٣Ľ͵Ͼ˭ȥҪӭΪڶԷҹϵУƼҰæסˣȥĵطؿӭ¥Ҳһô
ʮӣɫһ˵ھ޿ǿ¥ҲһСĿ
ֶҲͷţʮУ˫ϲҪӣʮӻܾܿ͵ÿ
ο˫ϲǸ鷳
㸸һתضûУֶ̲סһ䣬˫ϲܳӣŻ㣬̫
Ľ߲ʴһֻһͷļҾߣĽٺҲòɿװסЩãҲֻһͷٺãһ˲׬ӣٰʮܻر
ҩ֮䷽ٻԸǷΧװΣͬҲǳԴ
Сæû⣬ʶһǧ˰Ҳڻ¡ߴʮϣѾֶ߳Ҫеĵߡ
Цı⣬̫߳
˵ô϶޾ԡֶҡͷЩ̬ȡ
ֹ˵öԡȻֻҪԸⳢԣʲô¶пɣֻҵݣֲˡܸʱĻһҡ
ദˣᷢһöϱǺ¥ŮͲʱ䡣Щͷɥ
ĬȻ
һԣֶš˫üȻɿˣ֮ǰ˵ϰʲôô£
һֲֹƽܺκλҳҿԡҸЩһֱûƳŵ̡
Ҳûã
ҡͷ΢ܵһ谭ͬóңⲡҸݷҽʦҲֻǵõԵҩ
ֶĬȻȥֺ˫ϲ뷨ƲȻۻˡ
̾˿
ˣȾƣ취
أֶٱ⣬취϶Уһʱ벻̫ҲȻ
Ҳֻ취ˡ˵ͷ
Ա㣬ֶһͷʹ⣬ص䡣
Ƭ̣һֶ֮ƽľе׿붨״̬
գֶ˹
߲ʴѾȫ֤ʵԣȻýƳ
Ÿʾȥ˵ջһַÿס޷ʮӣ⡭
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ַ˸˿˯Ĺܣ˵ûӵˡ
ֶΣ磬ҩţë鵤Ҳв١Щضʧߵˣ򣬼ܿܡ
û취ַòƳҪȻ߲ʴ޷Ӿֵ
ıʶȼӳɣÿҪĿʯ߲ʴÿʮʯַԲÿ춼Ҫʮʯʯмۣɱ͵ʮӣ⻹ûаӰ˵ķСб˵ʯ򣬳ɱҲʮ̫ࡣ
˵ֶѹû߲ʴǰ׬ӣҪǾֵǹסͼûоֵֶԸ⵹һס
ԣҲֻܼϣˡ
磬ֶֹסͰ˵ɣǵùһҪܡУַʱڹҲûţ취Щֻϣ²һ·䣬ԵúһЩ
ֻõͷҲͰʱջַĹ档
һΧﲻڣŵĹҲѷɫȴֶԤϵһûҪ䡣
ͷ죬Ȼ˻Ҫ䣬ȴ⣬ָĸ󻧳Ա˳һԡ²÷ʱ򣬻̫Ķõʱסò䡣
֤Ƕģһ죬ʵ˶ûСҲſֽţ±Ūһⱦķ䣬䶼ֻƷ߲ʴɢŵĵ߲ʹâ̤䣬ȷʵԲСӾ뷨ģⷿĲãһǮӾԻ˻ס
ֶϣվŵˣЩ⣬ҡ
ƹ񣬹ѾˡóһģͭĹֶ㿴ɲԡ
ô죿ֶϲΪ߲ʴֵͷ˶ʮ죬һϢˡңϢС
ҵͷΪﱸ̺ôµʱ䣬û뵽һھͰˣСҲԤҪ࣬Բǰ˵ʱ䡣
ֹһʱ䣬һ¡ֶˣء̣Ȼſ¡
ЦЦδͣʱſһЩǰǺϲʱѹȻƳϲǣǰԶȺ߸áȴֶ֪֪һɣڰǰʼ׼ˡ
ȻҲ϶Ǻϲһǰһ°ѹĴ﹦ܽЩϽȣֶȴֻϲǡϾȥʱ䣬ܱͬԤƵʱҪƳ


175 ڶƳ
﹦Ѿ㶨ʣ졣
ȫ棬ȡţĲϣֶҲʹ޵޽ͨ죬ϸҲϸ࣬ϳɱߣԸ߹ţۻǰȫǲ֮ѡ
ǽٷһһ㣬ֶҲ̸ȫû⡣
ǹˣ˴﹦ܺŻݣֶݵ
оһջеʯݳƷƷԹо޴ϧʱ䲻ջľֵѾﵽ456%¥ӭ¥ҲƽϢϷ־¥ƵýԽƳԿջԽ
ټѾæһ£Ҳ÷ŷż٣ʯݳƷҲֻܵƳԺֳﱸ
Ӳһӣңϸһ¼ƻ̸ֶ飬ͣʼټ֡
峿һƥ׳ŵƽʻԺϣֶһ֣ԣ׳һߴ׵̨ᵽϡ
ԱߣĽλŻڵĽܳһһңһ鳤ףҵĽƣ̨ϣһһҽ̨ϵĽƸƵ˿
󣬽
ϣּǿջĸ֣ƮݷǷ·һڷɵĽǡ
⽫Ŵ˼ٱĽƣֶֻ緢ԣۺʮǰƣۿ𽥼ᣬҲǺɡ
ΨŽƺͽٴеʹ֪
ǰǰ󣬼ϸɵıϵĺôѣΪѾµءңһͭʹĳɱҲӵ˰˾Ǯӡ
Щӣȫʡ
ŹĽĴ﹦ȷʵԴһɼԼ뷨ֻҪûƼסջͣЩȫɸջ͵ŻݣЧֻ߲͡
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޴Ľƺݣܿ˵Χּۣǿջ¾ٶȻЩɻ󲻽⡣
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ǰ棬ֶʾ£ɤӣȻ
ּǿջʽƳԺգһұ޷ֵꡣӵּǿջĹӵһö߶ҪĽҪҹͿԿĴ䡣ӵּǿջĹӵٶҲ޷ܵĸŻݡӵּǿջĹӵһϡ嶼Īĵ׹ڽջƳӵйָͣŻҲӣʧʧ
һһظɢĳȣפۿ
׳Ƶָ£ʱɨ̼ӿȺеĴ˱㷢ݣͽĺһޣֻΪϸ
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Ȼ䣬֪ʲôʱʼǸѯּܲǿջĿˡ֣ҲȻ̯
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Ǯһţжն١
˲֪˲ĹзչļǮߵǮǮǮڸڹҲչ֮󣬷зĹﵽ۷塣۸ҲڸƾҪͿʹô﹦ܵļֵ֮ƴϴܡ
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̨ֶҲδʧ죬ĶҪͨƽ񣬶ΣĶǴ󻧡ȻļֵѾһţһǣҪһŹּǿջʮӡ£ÿӡ
ȷʵҪھĴ󻧣ӾԱȲϹڲϣھ绹ԶԶδʱ򣬹ôǲ󣬻𼱻ǰҹּǿջȿŵĳ̶ȡ
ϾйǸʮͬҲйֻһȼʶһʶǲȱ
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ֶڹ̨˱Ӱ̧ͷһһֱվʳǴкӭ˳ȥ
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ţϰ壬ôô͹ˣ
ţˮͺͺԴЦǺǵǿջĹⲻѹţҲǿջĹȤҲȥѰ¥ˣֱӾ⡣
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ţˮſֶɾȵƹԭҲڰ
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ţæͷӹţˮеĹ첽ع̨ȡһµͭ
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ԣüЦһֱߣֿĴһ
ƹ̫Ӣˣû뵽ȻЩԭһֻӾƲ˵һʮӡңţϰҪش˴򽻵ϰ嶼ܲܳ߼Źҿ
ֶҡͷ
ԥǵĳɱһҲԸһţ͸صѣһʮӵľƲ͡
ֶҡͷôȻԶ׬ٵӣҲͬ˹󣬲ƳĳԡҪǣԶ治
ֶ뷨ÿڿջ¥зĳܷΧ֮ڣд˸Ź̫ˣֵǮ
ͣԲۻƲ˼ǮȤ;


176 ˳
ֶҲֻ÷Ƴǿĳ̶ȼԺԲơȿ׬׬˵ѾǼϲˣܴ׬׬ҲԽܡ
ʱ֣Թ׬ģּᶨ˲١
һѾͳȥʮţǽһ죬ջҲƽն׬⻹ΣҪĻǶ¥ʳҲһʮԺ󲻿ͳȥʮŹƾջʳ͵ȴ½̫ࡣ
ǻÿջĴʳÿٶʮԿջĵһȫܹرֵá
죬ջĹͳδִ½չļ۸Ҳ̧Ӳֹͣǡ
Ƴĵ죬ͻȻһŹ棬ͼеԹС͵
͵ļǮߣҲһһĺȴͬ졣
ץ쾭£ͼãҲǷڵ顣ͼõȴ͵Щͬˡ
õĹ棬û׷ĳʧƷͶͣʧƷԶϡһŹֻӶѣЩС
Сԭ򣬾ɵҲܲµó϶ּǿջйء
ȻʱּǿջǽŸʾٱ͵ԹС͵ÿ˽ʮӡһҵԹС͵ʧƷ黹ʧƷ޷׷أʵԺ󣬿ջʧƷļֵԲ
иõּͨǿջͣټǸüƴ޷ϵСӡ⼸ζţֻҪùȥװֵʮӵĶŹţȰκζڿﻹҪȫ
·Ϊӡ֤²⣬ڶһС´÷зʾǰһ죬ϳׯϰСͬΣϵĹȥŸʾһ˿Ļͷǧɹȥ
һͷȥ˼ңթԹͷңϰٳʱҲԲ
ԭȻңǧţ˻֮⣬治֪ʲôĿԡ
̣ͣ͵չۣһֻ󲿷ֵĹ̶Ĺ涨
ּǿջ»ĹÿͳҲ֮͵һܣֱ׷һͳ
ʮ죬ڹ𽥵˲෹̸۶ʱһϢǴּǿջͻȻΪ̫ѾӦÿͳԸĻù
Ҫһͭۻʮ֮⣬ǰһٹּǿջΣҾƲ˼۸ÿζһӡ
һƳƽھ¥Ĵˡ鲻ȴҲ޿κΡϾúǼҲ£οּǿջǼۡ
ͬΪּǿջ˵õѶȣйĴǶˡãġɵȥɣ
Ѷӵ£û㱻д󻧽ˣջĴʳ͸տʼ΢һЩܿصÿһʮĳ̶ȡˣÿƲ˵ǵơ
ǵصĹùĸֺô֪ţٸ̯ʼߵƶ£̼ӳΪֵ֤ĹߣõĹ泹װѹİȫĨȥһµƻĽճ
ֶ̣ƻЩƫƫķȴǺõһ档ԤڵУÿͳԲô࣬߻ȡѶȵʱҲǰࡣңֶԭΪ߻ȡѶ֮󣬴ԿջջҲ½һʱ̧ͷȴֻӰ졣
ʮʱ䣬ķһʮšչĴʮһ˿ջԿջ¥Ķʮ˵ԾɻвСķſռ䡣ϸˮһͳ̫Գÿ·һҲܼܿºͳޣòʧ
ڶƳϴȫʤˡҪסüǿĺôֳֹĴǰۻƲ˼۸񵱳ĿС
ﵽĿģĵȼͬƲ˼۸ۿ۲ͬȻһõĲ֮ѡ־¥ļ۸ѹ׶Σ۾ȫд¥ƴ۵ĵڣҲֻݲͬİΪƷ
һʵݣЧõķɡ
֪Ҵɻ˿ջֶƬ̣ĸŮ˷⡣
˼£֨¶վڣüĿЦδ
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ɫ΢죬ƹһţ˼ҼΡ
ƹһ£ʰʰܿͺáкһʰһ·䣬һӰһ
ء
ҵֱ۸̧һ룬Ȼֶĸ첲˷ܵҧȥ
ĵʹֱԣֶЦô˴ۣ
һԣҼֱš£ǲĿĲݡҧˣҧ֮ǰǺ«עתҲֻаͣƿֱƣԼʲôС
ƹҪۿֶͷ亹ԽԽ࣬ƺҲЩˣҧҧɣڵҪСɵݣƿ
ֶЦݾţͱɿڡ
ŰɣɷǹֲɵģֻܹԼˡ
ʱֱֶ۶Ѿľˣɲɿͣϣƣ֮⣬ŵ㡣
˿Ȱɷڴϣæӡ
˱鷳ˣҴҩֶæ
ƹҩ
ϰ֮ˣҩǱƷֶЦŻӶ˼ұۣһ£ֱ۽ָ֪
һȻæȰϵĶʰ׵
ľ£ֶһֱۣ߰һߺһɴûҧ𣿡
ҿЦҡͷܲҧ⺢ȻԴͿȴͿҧĴˣҲ֪ҶãÿҧʱҲˣǰûҧҡ
ֶȻ⻰˵ùɵģɾɵĺݾֱ۵ñҧʲôȡΣ
ƹ
ֶգһҧǰʱ¶ҧˣջ˿ڣг͸š
˺һ£ǶϢģȥʱЩȡֶѻõͼֽƶ̨óϣڵԣҲֻ鷳˺ˡ
ƹ̫ˣĸŮܵƹܳԹסбһ׬ıáˣ˵һϢǰ£Էʱ򣬿¶ñںǳԿ㡣
֣ǰϵͼֽۡ
ͼֽϣֻƬβȫһҶͼΡ
ƹС糵ɻ
ֶЦҡͷ


177 ʯ
΢΢üͷٿϵͼֽŷԱ߾бע
ߴ硭
ֶЦⶫʯȡ
ʯȣãȻ⡣
ֶͷ͵ͼδһС糵ģĶһʯеС糵תĻء
һ˵һʯȾͿԵˣ
ֶصͷɵǿġͨˣԴ϶һʱתⷽ
Ļ»ֱһ»Ұڶɣɻ
ʯȣҪľҶ״ټϴתĻ㹻ֶұֱ֤һӸʡ
һЩţһԣ֪Ǻ«𾢵ɺȻһƲ죬ֹң£ÿõһ󡣰һȣʡ·໨תȵĻԽȻʡ
ԶԶԣֶæͷЩգ֪ȿ϶ӸʡҪȻǰĵҲͲеǸ״ˣΪɶֻ֪ȵҶƬ״Ҫ
ɶô˵ˣеǾȥѯʵƹʯȣʲôҪûУ
ֶ˼һҶøĽһЩκһĲ࣬ЩƫҶԽԽãʱһԣǸ
ڶֶȻһ¸߶ȣʯأÿҶҲҡʯĶҡ
ʯصĶÿԷּΣһĵ࣬ҶתٶҲԽ󡣶һҪһЩҪһЩξ͹ˣҲС
Ҷ滹Ҫһ뱣֤С첻ȥҶ
а⼸ĬĬ£ϸƬ̣ڵʯȣ鷳ĵط̫࣬Ҳ٣ǷֵΣҪµʱ䡣
£ֶ΢΢ü¾ˣҲ£򡭡оʯȡů
һͷ͵һεĹ鷳ֻôСһΣҶҡֵζ鷳вٻҲҪԣҪʱҪ١
ֶεͷ룬ȱ֤ʯȣҡĹܣȻٷֵΣΪڣ١
ҾСɿʼʯءҵͷ
УҾͲˡ
ֶǣ˷ţ׼طӭ棬𼱻ǵС˹
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󶯾ֶѯʵʲô󶯾
Ƴ̫ǰ죬ӭ¥ͻȻȥ¥Ҿ;òԾˡû뵽͵ղҽӵϢӭ¥ֿʼƳٳٳˣֻǽ
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ҡͷӭֻʱȰ˶ƭȥرĻ˵ʹһĴ󻧣ӭŵҲһڣӭ¥һһòٳһ輼ͷƹƭȥƲ˼۸񲻵ȫ⣬һһŹ
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ֶȻӭеõòƭȥƲȫҲ̫ͷƹﾴΣҲȷʵе
λͷƹӭ˵òٳһ輼ĻѴǵڴӭ¥Ҳȷʵϣվ
ȻҲϣѣּǿջĹѾץס˳Ǳٴ󻧵ģӭ¥ͷƹҲѾѰȥһʯƳԸ͡
¥ʲôûУ
ֶ̲סһ䣬ӭ¥˳ƳԺûôˡ¥ʲôѯơͷƹЩʵġʵʵĶǾƲ˵̬ȣաЩӲѯơͷƹ֮ĶܷӸãҪȻɴ̻ᡢר̡ݳʲôġ
ƲЩӲ߲һ¾ģͷЩȴھܸ㶨ͷּǿջ־¥𣬸˵һӭ¥ˡ
¥ȴͬ¥ҪľӲǿΨһͷҲ˫ϲĺ㡣ͷʵùӲ档
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ҲǣջƳ֮ǰӭôһЩвѾƳŪõͷƹѣֻҪһͣ£׼ջܡ
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ȥ׼һ룬һĳдӡ塢ȣֻҪĶʲô͸׼ʲôֶߴٵԼҲ׼һС˵·ԽԽá
κģȴǵ˵ͷڹ̨ȡЩӣСܳš
ֶط˲ʱŶϣŸ˶İ½ڣŸȡ
Բñӡֶ뵽ĺû뵽ģӦоС
˵ֶ·ϰɫĳЬñӡ׹ٰѺճϣֶŤͷоô
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ֶȻƨĵĿɲʱ
ճ϶ǲģڼһһֶת㱼ȥ˶ͷķ䡣
ٳٲȻһɫֳֹȵԵþȣ½ֱͻͻðӡ


178 ɵǮ
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үˣȹһίһԹֶۡ
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˿ĭ¸ĸŤŤȥĴƨɸһƵĳ嶯ͳĸ𶧳˶˹ȥ
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⣬ϵľ̨δк֮ǰһЩлĻֱӱľϣٵ
ף೤Ҫ˼ȴҲס
ֶ΢΢ף˫΢գš
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ð죬ֶ˫ۣζĵ˵ͷȻǺٺ
ǵȻүǳȵģһʱζӭһԺ
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һǧӲǱСĿȻΪҪӶðɵҲиߣӭɲŹԺӾܰ˴ߣЦүǵһιӭ¥Եȣȥûпգܲܳүһ
ֶɫһϲֳȵص˵ͷ
ӭ˰ᣬδᣬַɿ콫Ÿϡ
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Ƭ̣ӭ֦չŽһ˴ԼУˮɴ棬ϡ䣬ɼ毺õݣҸһʵС

ֶ΢΢ͷ룬ǸŮ


179 
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һãӭƱ˰ᣬֶ˱߳Աĵʱӭͷ󺹵½šϣٲȻһһŸհõѼ顣


180 ߲ʴ
һϿӵӣӭ飬ɺõû˵
ֶͬҲǮȻƣҵ˵ĻᣬǶӭѡһ򣬲ڳ롣
ȳûв͸ǽȥջȥջ⣬ɽ˵ֶνԲǳ÷չ;
Ҫõʣµ˫ϲˡֻҪ˫ϲ˫ϲϻӣӶһҩ䷽Ҳֵһԡ
һ·ϣ˵ԼָɵϲãϱҪǣ¶Ұĸо
ֶһһӦȴλĳ·
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ֶһƣ΢վһ룬໹ܼҵꡣٺ棬λžװĿ޷ֱӵĴ󺺡
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Щ߸ϣ֣ȴֶйޱȡ
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ֶһţưȻװˮľ趼ŵó
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Ŷү¶죬ȻܼҲ֪߲ʴĲʸеȡ
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Ҳ㲻ʲô߽ģҪͿĨһֵķĩټϲһص󷨣ⴲԵ˲
ȵ˳ֶܼ˸𶧹ֶһѽסûڣЦǺǵʲôĩҲǵλСĸ˲õġ
ˣܼЩţҪ׷ʣȴү¡
ү֪ûʲôԸֶѯʵ
ܼͳӶֶƷȫⷿһⲼá
ֶȻӦջ֮ǰˡλܼңȻֹЩָʹӺȷʵǷ
⣬ûͼˮľòǿջˡܼһֵȥ׼ɣ
Ǹֶûסѯʵүס죿
ⴲй˵ô棬ֻһЧҼүҲס졣ܼЩͷúźţ⼸룬Եֵһʮӵ롣
ֶһΪνһʮӵ룬ΪǰǶΡ
⻰˼˵λүῪַȫǳַԴߵЧ
һõëȻ𶧵ȥĹܼңԶӣʵԲĻλүԲͨ󻧣ŪŰĵҩʲô¡
аĵҩַĴЧסּǿջɣʧߵ֢״ء
ҪĻлһʱ䣬ڣס߲ʴҲ˵


181 
λүڿջסһʱ䣬ɵø˼ǵԭ
˳ѾֶЦʵүǣǾ̻棿
һֱæż£ͻȻѾܾûˣһмʮûүЦԹǿ
Ŷֶ΢ϲѯʵүûҵλ𣿡
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ֶȻסڿջȻûҵѡλסǣλүڿջסһʱļʷǳߡ
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صԺֶһ飬δ뷨ı䣬ʱǡ
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һưѹ̨ĳɷĩʵѾﵽǿߵľء
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ɶͷǿջɱﵣֶ뷨ջʱ̣Ǽ¶ġ
ģֶ
֣˵µʹƹ񡣡ε˵˵ǰԺҾرˡ
ȥֶЩͷۣƾջϵͳ˹ܣټغͻԪͻϮ⻤̤ǿ߾زãƵҲЩᡣǣԪһӶҲ˹Żڣ˿á
ƹȥðæǸʵֲ̫ˣƹ⣬ȥӦͿˡ
ֶҡͷ߲ʴͷͩҶ䷽ǲóģԼԹȥϷлƾ˹ӹһ١±ɡ
ۿҪִֶͷĻֵˣӺȥã֪ͨлƣ˭Ҳ̤ջŰ벽
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Ȱ㻹ǿ۱ȽϺá˳һЦεŲ豭еĲˮҪҪӣֻѡһ
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λƹ֪֪ʲôϰɣ˳Ūϸָ׵
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ջһ̧𣬹һĻ֣һƽ棬֮ʣ˲佫˵ľס
ֶʶǿߵĿֲ֮ˣ⻤ٶȣѾԼķ룬ҪٵĻʮȫ˲ϢˣֻԼѹѡ
ۿԷȾҪֶ̧ԥҪĬŴȣⶸȻһ⾹Ȼ֣Ǻһǰ
ɫĽӭ裬ͨͬΪɫĽϣϢǡ
̤ǰһݣ
ңԶǿմ޺ۡ


182 ѹ޴
ᰣ
ֶѹȻҪӿ˼֡
һֶ̣ŷ֣˵̫Ϥ̫ϤˣϤĳ̶ȫȻûΪʱĸʴκʡ
ɫأȻŤͷͨڣڳˣҲֻԴ
ʤѩɴͨڣӣĬ
ֶģ͵궯ʲô˳ʲôүʧһֻ̣ǿһֱĳ嶯
ֶһЦûһɵ˵㡣
ϣаˣѲɣһŮȹܣǳŮȹܲźá˳̱ļֶͬʱü
ȫȻû˳ӣתᰣֵ⳼֪ˣĸŵĵӣ
̤ǰһ֪
ᰰ΢΢һţɫһĨѤĹâ˲صСɲǼ䣬һһȻɣѾΪһ塣
ֶ˳Уֻ˿̵᰺Ȼ룬һӽٳ
⳼ȴ·Ϊһ޼Ѱı£ûκһ˿ֵܹʱ
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Уᰱȴʼϧ
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סҿӡ᰻
ֶզ࣬⻰˼ǵڣλֻǸոǿߵżҲˣҪȻ󾳽ϵĲ࣬Բκζֲܹġ
ԣôѹ
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⻰˼ҲֶֻԼ
ܼңȻȥүɣۿҪһܵף⳼ֱϵȥòһԵ˳
Ϊʲô˳ʵѲɻɱ
⳼ͷ
˳һ㶣ЦŻܲɣ
⳼κһʤİգûİա֣ɱѣǰǡٶӲǵ׷
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ˣ;ʵԶԲ۷ǿߵ״ӾǴŵļ̳ˣᳵ縮ܿΣ
Ȼһԡ
˳Ƴᰣһжһɫơ
еƳһΣ˳ϲʶ
ûá᰻ҡͷ
˳һջأֶɭɭȰûǰ߲ʴ䷽ȽϺãܲø߽۷ǿ߿ŻܶˣŲҼӡ
𣿡ֶ΢΢ü鷳ǽᶨˣǲ֪öͷȳְλүɵ᲻һЩ
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ֶҡͷܵһĿûҪϵԺ
Сӣ浱㲻ɣ˳ɫڲ
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һΣһĨӰȻֶԣеĳ΢΢̧ɫĽ⣬ֱָ˳ƴǣ£䣬·ʲôһ㣬ˮ
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ԣֶ˳̬ȣһһġҲԳô̽һλүʧߵ״ﵽʲô̶ȡҪص˯ţ»תλүȨʧԺһԳϢˡҪȻ߲ʴõļʲߣסּǿջ߲ܵʴҲΪӰ
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ݸһЦЦҾʹһӳţջʳ޹󲻹ˡ
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ͷſԺ
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183 
ԺҲгΪҹӶҲŲʳġ
᰽ԺһԺĹ죬һ߹۲ַĸСĶ򣬶˽
ʲôֶЦʵ
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ֶ޼ƿʩ˳˳棬ԵСˣ¨װãˮϴ
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᰽ñմŲپӨˮḧùëţ࣬϶ûܿࡣңܿ໹Լˡ
ڿջǴߣԭֶûһĶ
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㡢㡭ŹͺͺԴ˳ֶָ˵ݻȴֵǹλԼԴ
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ţᰵͷ֮ǰ˸ҿƣûĻӦƣһƣǻʵӲȨǻ׹ݡˣʲô
һſʧʹ߲ʴֶ͵
Ǿǻ׹ˡᰵüͷչλ⣬ǻ׹Ҳ޷̫ǿߣΪǡ
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ǣٶȣᰵ츳ӳɣ¶Ծ޷
͹ɷݣֶ˵޿ܡ


184 
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ǡǵּǿջ֪ûв߲ʴ󣿡Ǭʵ׷ʵ
߲ʴѾõֻΪЧЩߣһֱûóֶɵү
Ǭʵ۵һԵ˳
˳ȻǬʵ۵˼ͳƱһö䣬΢һֱ͵ֶǰָʹھ̣߲ʴ͵ȥǵĻԸǷֿߡ
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ǻɵŸȻᶫ˳СһŤ߲ʴԱߣĴأûǵñĿУҪǱǻǣҶ㲻
ˣд䡣
ֶƣ˻ϵͭ䡣
Ǭʵһͷٺ⳼˿ᰵĻ£߲ʴװƶֶָ̨ǵүûµĻ̸ǡ
ƹˡǬʵ΢΢ͷһԵ˳ʾƹ񡣡
ɡ˳бֶſ֡
ֶͷ˳䣬˳Ҳ˹
סˣ̡УԺȷԸưѿͷɨϴһ飬Ƕ͵ˮһ͵ûµġưҲҶһҲһƷٻҲͰˣڷŵλҲûʶŶ¡
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ûʲô˼ֶ赭дһѡ
һ˳һβͱ˲סһ㣬ȻӰ㳯˼һ䱸Ŀᰣɫڲ㡢ҿɸ㣬ҪǸҶ֣ҼүŹġ
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㻹ǸȫūšǣҪУôڲŶԡֶЦλү£Ӧòôɣ
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룬˳ΪǬʵߵͷūţԳ͢Ķ߿϶˭ԺջѯҪǷչҪ͢߶Ļȫ˳Ҫ
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£ּǿջܻݲ٣ʹĳλӿ¸ǳֶţǬʵ۶˳ɱû˿϶û˸ǰһܲշ˳
˳ǬʵĻģ˸ױȵˣٲԼʧ


186 ӭ
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µǸүǻʵˣֶ
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ʵѾСˡЦ룬ʵó̫࣬ж¡Ҳӵڣ㼸ѾӰ쵽󺺹ơ
𣿡ֶ°ͣ˵ǡͿģԼҲܹӰ쵽󺺹ˡ
ȻԵõֶЩЦãһһֻ̫ע棬û뵽һﻹˡ
ˣôֶȻǵĹϵûʲôӰɣ
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ᰵķ俪Ϊӳıֶ֮Ȼ߲ʴǧȥǣǾֱطʱ֣õүѾ뿪ջϢ
һϢÿֶķš
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һҡͷòôࡣ
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ͷ˳뿪䣬ֶͷۡ
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λˡֶζ縮ѵģһǡ
Ȼ˵λǬʵۣ
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ԺϲɣôԭֶҲȨЦѵĵӣǬʵۿҲӡ
͵̶ֳȣټݣ֣ǾԲġҲνǿ쵽;ƿݣҲѡҲãѵĵҲգڣҵҲ᲻ȥ̫ĻֻҵΪʸ֮ġ
ĿЩɢǬʵΪΣϾҲһʮꡣ


187 ӵ
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⡭һ£Ȼʱһ˸š
ֶͷϸһƻٿƬ̣˾ƻȷʵС
̸ˣүﲻۣܹ׬ӣԽԽ飬ݿ¥ĲǶʮӡ
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188 Ʊ
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ʱٳӯӯ½Ժӭ¥ǲ䣬϶ԽԽ䣬ֻб䱾ֻö¥һ¥һΪѰĵطֻθߣӸһЩѡ
һֶԤƵһӭ¥ƳͷԺ󣬶ԿջڻһĳʱԽԽΪǡ
ҹʱֶ֣ڷУûҲû£һգգ߲ʴľֵ
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Σд״̬ҲƵˣ΢еĶԸһԡ
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191 Ӹ
ɱ߳ԱģֶżԲϼ䣬ȴһֱŸôɴеĿꡣ
֮ǰķӦǳ롣ûʲôеİ취˵ҪŻûռĸ߽ӺһЩģҪһݶ漣
ƶֺȻû̫˲Ũһٷܿ
Ա㣬СֵܡЦûȤٹҵׯ
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ׯܴĵֲͬҲׯ԰ǰƽ档ֵĴ£һ·ͣͣ;黨ݣֵҩЧֶЩĲɣҲ档
ۿɫ𽥰һ涼û꣬ЦǺǵˣȻȥǰźסǼ䡣ҵׯĲ˵縮ڣŵֲ԰Ҳһеࡣ
ֶЩ̲סˣͱͱɵĺҪסһϵɾ˷ˡڸϻȥܸϳŹرǰǡ
ΣҾԺδֶɲֻʡ
ֵ˲ʱšüΣѾ˵ˣ߽ģ׵ҲҪȥ
ǡŤͷֶ
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߽ӣ
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Ҫ챱еĺֲֺһڵֲ԰Ҳ࣬Ժ˵˵ҪһЩңÿҪҲǸֲҩƶɣҲͽģĿɲСңʮųһڣӵĻ˵ҲһܳɳãӲſܼ
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ֶ޻˵Ҫĵ֤ԼҩûҪһˡ
⡭ֶļ򣬿ڵ̫ˣҲԹӣ
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ҪĻƴҲðķͼ֦Ѿ黨ӵͳһγڵջׯĹģ߽ݿ϶ٵÿϳڶʮ꣬вѵĿԼ͡
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Ҫ߽֦Ѿ飬ȻܾСһֱԹɫѾȫɲӰ֡
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Ŷ˵飬ֶˣׯ֮У͸߽Ե
Ȼǿ󲻳ɣҲֻܵȿջԺֹŻеĸ߽ģȻ취óֽˡôĻΪֲԭֻԾɲðգҲһԶûС
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һֵĴ·£ׯֱʱֶ֣Űׯʮϵĸ߽Ķһ飬ҲȫС


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УУа֡˾
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һ˲δȥ̫ãҲͰʱԺǽ⣬糤Ļҫ
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ٵƬֶ̣߳ԺһڷսӶֱȻ࣬ΧҲֻʣʮ
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ϲ˵ӺϱƽضС𣿡ֶƵô˵ûˣҿˣɱҲɱˡ
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ĵУֶֻ֪ׯȼܵ֡ҳǶֲ԰ȫȰŪ֡
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ջԺӳɵ߱Ѿıӵ屶ټǰȻҲͷϵ֮ҲвҩЧһͻ鶯ھУҲʲô̫ѵ¡


204 
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ÿһǧٱڳƶֶ̨֮ᰣһׯ
ׯʱУդȥտյӰ
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ʦëǣô˵Ժž㣬򵥡
ֶ˿ƵЦЦǰС
ûһ·ͨ裬ʱ㵽ﴣׯ뷽λĴլԺ
δӽԺţԶԶ


205 
ԺſڣȥԺһƬǰɫ࣬һڼҶŭ𲻶ϡ
վվ˭۶֦
Ĵεĸǣ߽ģ˿ˡվ˭ĸվ
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ֶһóԣȻǻԺ

ֿŵͰֻһĻɫСȻһɱǰץС
ûû찡ճôͨôܰڴ䵱С
ֶС㱧֣ͣԹֶ
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ȷʵƲҩֶЦֻǸԺͷ˶ѡ
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ֵܣֻҪٰø߽ģʲô־ü
ֺԥתֶĿ˸ȵĹâ
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üͷ壬ֶһʳˡ


206 ţ
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ֵɴ۾˫ȣ̲סֶ˹ȥ
ֶЦԺһƲݣô
Ʋݡׯĸ߽Уִֻﵽ߽סִﵽ߽׵ģоͰͻƲݡ
ǸģƲģ϶ԣΪһЩ
ׯѾһƲͬҲֻһãǽׯ߽ȴֻʣ֡һ˵ϳԿȴҲ㲻ռ˶ıˡ
Ȼ󣬵;Žȴ΢ֶԺѵͲ֣ΪʲôҪϧþŽ߳𣿡
԰Ϊʲôô
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÷뾴֦֮ʱֶѾѱһĸϵºԥΪֻһԺԺ
һ˿ֶ⻰˼
߽ĵ̣һԺԺһָ߽ĵֻͨæһܻܿ˲߽̽ĵԴ
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ֶϲĪţʱֻǶޣ縮ھС䷽ĲϣҲֻһţĲϣʯģһĳɱǮ
˾淽ģϵļǮͣһţҩЧ˵ҲֵǮ
ţܱ֤ζҲĻһʮӲ۲ߣҶʳҲһİ
Ҳ͵ڣ̷ͩҶּ֮ǿջֿƳһƲˡ


207 ʦү
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ŻǷ֣һСУĵĲ棬㲵ϣһһ顣УΡ
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Żռʳģ⡭ֶƶ̨óһľзϣ󣺡˳ϰ塣
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̣òװֻţʰˣϷʣµĶʮֻţŻĳǽֶֶо׼˫ľ֮ǿܿţȺĳ桭


209 л
ܶʼķѴʱʮֻţ㱻ȫƶ̨ۿɫڣаֻţȲҲˣֶһȺ뷨ԭ·ء
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صͷ͵Ҫ˵ĻԱ̻۴ѹֺͶڼ棬ٽĻ֮ͨܵľס
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ƹȻȲǧһˡͬҲڴֶȻ˹֣Ц·־¥үһֱĽƹľӪֶΣǾǱһ÷ɶû뵽ɵʱƹ񡣡
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210 һƸ
벻ֶͨҲˣӭĿ⣬赭дǷ羰϶үסһʱ䣬ʱǡ
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Ц䣬ֶŵƲᣬ˫һæ͵ƹҽͣҸүʵ졣һдܣô죿
ô˵ү죿ֶɫֳ˼֡
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ۿֶÿһ޴ôƵ࣬캰ء
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ڻţʱۣûζѳԵģ˻ţ費ͩҶǰԵζһ磬ֶţƺͽһ˹ϣŨŨϲ
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212 ֭
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214 
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ȵջŴȣԺ֮ʱֵֶдãԼǵõƹͼҲĬдһݡ


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ҪӦܲҲѧּǿջһ죬Ȼӯӯӻ赸Ư˵ӰɣĻ˻һʱˣѩϼ˪ЩӲĴ¥Ҳøϡһֱȥ϶ûʲôô
ѡһһֲãƫƫֱѡһ
ô죬׸ô죡
ӭ޲ðԴϵͷȫĻͷۻһ㡣
ΨΨŵŵӲҿˡ
ȣٵȵȣ
ӭȻŤͷƣȵȥҹŷ־¥һжر
æͷɴŶӡ
ֻܿ־¥Ķ˵ˡ
ӭҧô˵¥ǾԲܷġҪİѶ¥ͣӪҵԺѾΪ͵ĴΪԼͣ͵øʮٱĴۡ
ͬðȻѻǽۣҲΣաҪƴȥҲõȷ־¥ʼԺŶ֣־¥һ콵ۣӭ¥ҲܶһĴϢʱ䡣
̫¥Ź̨Ϻ⣬к¶
ּ֪ǿջԺ󣬵ͬףкӵʱ
ʣµֻ
ӭ¥̫¥ĵҪࡣкûĲҵ̫¥Ҳ꣬Щ׬˲ӣȴҲûóӻĳ̶ȡ
ڷ־¥ʼۣкӾתУû취
һֱϵڣҪ̫¥Ȼÿ£ÿ»ǧ˰ӯתеĻһãӯȥ˵صƿһ졣
л̻һ̫¥Ͳʳʹʧ¥ӯҲӯתЩ죬ѾŸתˡ
л̻Ԥڽ¥ָӯ¥ûʧûһҵл̻ٳû䴸תҲܶ·Ȱ̫¥ˣס£취¿Ҳ١
ּǿջһкӾѾףͣҵѾüˡ
ּǿջôһڣкӵľжϣǶ־¥һ룬ǾǻսһƬ˭ܴӷ־¥ۺ̻Ϣ˫شѹסһСʳͣó϶ǳ롣
кǾԲҳģԸԺؿ¥취ʳ͡
ȻкҲɵͰѹͣҵĹȥ龭飬ּǿջѽѾһ죬¥Ҳû־¥Ҳûκζ£ûаٷְٵĶۡ
ȵ־¥ˣٹҲ٣ʱһţͻȻ̻öּǿջҲĪʲôȡˡ뿪ӪҵǲɢĻһûʱ䲻˵ҲҲס
ڣкӵĿ̧һվŵϢĻƣһȥ־¥ҹţһûһ죬û졣
ȥһƣɫ־¥
ȵ˵־¥ʱŷ֣ÿտյĽֵԣѾи¥Ļȵһ
һҹǺӭ¥һӲȥģǴ̫¥һͣҵģȫĿ۽˷־¥ϡ


222 ս
־¥Ժ£ϸϸƷűе衣ϵ飬ȻԵá
ԣֻв豭еĲˮ
⣬вż˽ӾǴĻ
үѾŪһȫˡ
ó豭ӣվ
ʳָϵĴȻһĨӨ׹âһŻԺӵС
һġһСӱϡ
ŻתһȦСӷһҳ̨Сᡣ
ȤĹ򣬶˸оȺļɣ
ģɫĻ棬һһһţ裬ϳ֮Ĺͼɡò˵λƹȷʵǸó࿴ֶκͶ
үô죿вЩļʱѾŲˣӦöǸ¥Ļơǣ϶ڿǷ־¥Ƿ־¥һ
żʲô£һ
вȻǰ¥żط־¥ʲô£

вŸҪڣЦŻ˻еģƹԡ
үʲôԵģвŲ
֪֪˲ܰսʤּǿջһˣԣô֪
ٻ˻еģЩԾԾԵƹԣҸղȻֻ㷭˼£Ҳס˼ɣҪһɾ͵ˡ
вεͷĶ档
һңȵ֮ʱ²һУ˲ʱŽвŵķ˹ȥ
вѧƸʳָĴָסı򵯹æѧ׾ĳŻ˹ȥ
˵ǵһΣвŵԵҲڽӴĵ˲䣬ƫУ뵯
Ŀ⾼ŴЩתĻһ浯Щ֮ʱֱһգĳ²ִ˹ȥ
ۣ
·ţһͷ˿ϡ
԰ŻأƵСᣬϸһ£ɻǰдһĳŻ·ȥܳתķɹȥҸղŵĶһģһôǳתģ
үС᲻׼вЦŽּǿջѧԺ޸Ľʩ˵һ顣
ô˵ƹƳ򣬺ִܲ٣ѯʵ
⡭вųɵСϵĴɾ˵ռ˰˾ųɣҿӦƹдģƴĴ󣬴ӶøԻ򡣡
ҡͷĻЩ̫򵥵ĴƹܲӶҶ˰ɣңһʵļñҷЧáСӦûЩãֻƹϲֻܺдЩ
вȻ
һ߰ıĤһѯʵɫıĤôˣ
ʱִ٣ֻ˵ⱡĤߴҵܻغ񡣡вŸæҽвлصϸһ顣
ζ
Уһ䣬ڵּǿջǱϢû
ûУвŻҡͷ
ôˣƹûһ˵Ĵ㡭ϻƳִ١ȻЦ
үôˣвŲ
ƻǵøһˡε
ƻвһѵ˵־¥ʲôƻ
δͣһŸʾȥ־¥Ƴ
죿вȻү¥ָðºſʼƳ
ȲˣƳ
ΣּǿջƹûлǣֲִƳ졣һм󶼱λƹѾµԼĴƻ
뷨ЩëȻãּǿջֻһ֮ءҪȻԻƻȫ
ǰƳҲΡ̻᷽ڰңһ˾Ͼͻ᳾䶨Ϣʱ򣬵ӱĴ¥ҲѾϵÿ˲ӣ¥ʳҲ־¥롣
־¥ͻȻƳɻ¥ľţӺģ϶ƴӱģۿ̻ϢҪҲήӲż죬ֻҪõٷְٿ԰ЩӱĴ¥ȫϿ壬޷Ļᡣ
ӺģֻҪ̻Ϣͣ˲Ӳ̲סȥĿ϶Ҳȵ̻Ϣҿ϶µĴ¥Ըߴϡ
ƻǲȴϲϱ仯û뵽ֶȻˡ־¥ӦּǿջӰĳǱҴ¥һ϶Ҳʱ򣬻ǵ
ǻӦǲӦּǿջѾռȻû취ҲֻܷЩӱľ¥ûз֮յ뷨תǰԸӺĴ¥
ۿĿвεͷת˺Ժ
̧ͷ£ŤͷһԵӣүȥţʱŸ¥ĶϢ֪ͨҡ
ӵͷ󲽶ȥ
ģŻ˻ΣЦԣ
ͷӴóһ򡭡
峿־¥һŽһһŹʱȵĸ¥ǾһҲ˲й¶ˣΧǰ
ܿ죬ƺһֱԹ»ֶβȤķ־¥ͻȻƳϢɢ
ͭ𿨡ʯĸ𣬾ȡҲּǿջһģһ֮ͬڣ־¥ĹȻּǿջĹβ£ȴûּǿջĴ﹦ܡ
ңּǿջĹҪͰƷţ裬⻹δֵƷ־¥ĹֱӿԵõ۸Żݣޣۣۣۣͭʯ֮ۡ⻹һЩƲ˴ﵽӾͿԻõСƷЩСƷлϢ
ͷ־¥ֻǼǳ͢ѯЩֹϢڸشϢЩشϢ־¥űдֿͬΪĸʯĳһϾ¥ԵõйصһǰκϢǰǰͭǰ
Ϣһ¥־¥Ź˵ʵ̫ˡ
޴ۣǽۡϷ־¥ľƲ˱ͽ٣ȾԲС
ЪҵĹЪҵҧҲ׷ֶξӭ¥ƳƲ˼۸ۣӯӯµ赸¥ƳƲ˼۸ۣڼʦСÿڼ١ľ¥ƳƲ˼۸ۣһӾƲ;¥Ʋ˰񳯷һ̣¥µһʳ㡭
ּǿջԺĻرֶȻԵá
ɣҰɣƴɣ
սΪ־¥֣ͬҲΪּǿջԺ·Ϳµһˣ


223 Żڳ
һڣʮҴ¥ͻȻͬʱͣҵͬһ죬Ĵ¥׷׽ۣʳ͵ֶҲٳһʱ䣬ǵĴǽ̻˸¥ǵͨںʹССĹԱҲ׷Ŀ
˵¥Щ߲ʣⲢǽ¥ͣҵ˽ֵĻ⣬ҲǶ¥ʳ͵ֶνۡ
ˣȻû¥ֶΣƾ˶͸СϢܿ˶ۡ
Ҫ˵ֶ˵ģǷ־¥̻ϢһϽۣûκһҴ¥ֺܺ㣬ʮŷͶʮᣬ˰ҹκʱȥϯõ֤
֪óΪ¥ǿջĳǱּǿջˡ
ѾȫǣصĿ̶˲СȤеĸǲԶǧһ׳;˻ؼСǻģԱּ֤ǿջȶʳˣ֮⣬ּǿջĻţͷͩҶҲǲ
ǹ˵ǼһּǿջĹĴ﹦Ҳֻʣ²ĵȼӶܻȡĹһּǿջʼû¶ƷظУϻͬҲǲС
ˣ̻Ϣǣд󻧵񾭣¥ҲвϣȴԾ޷赲ּǿջ¥ÿŽʳ͡˵̻Ӱ첻Ĵ󻧣й붼ּǿջռݡ
ÿʳͷ־¥ÿʳȻûñȣʮҴ¥˵ȴҲĽޱȡ
ʮҴ¥ֶۻңƽ㹻Ŀ׶ȴ־¥ּǿջμ׾ʮҴ¥һʳͣһֻʮ
ʮǿƴ۲ȡġ
ȻΣ¥ȻֶþƲ˼۸ȴԻһ½Ŀռ䡣˶ţΣƲ˽ۻȥʱֽһΣĲ˵ٳûн۵ּǿջҲý
Ͼ󻧼ﶼһĻԻһ·½ͻĳƽҾ¥һһ߰˰Ǯּǿջһӣ˶ЩԿסʳֻͣиŽۡ
Ժֶͷ󺹣˫ǰһҵĸ߶ȣתɳۡ
һȻѩʵΧ£ͥŲСֶŬβϼٱȴ˿޷½Ƿֺ
УѾ𽥿ݽߣֶȴԾҧӲͦĿꡪðʿʮ֮һΡ
Ŀ꣬ƺЩˣһֱճոͷ
ֶĵҲڲһ˿߶ȼеעҲ֮ʱᰵ˲䱬һӨ⡣һЩҡҡ׹ʹİʣ·ܵʲô޴ڵء

ֶ˿һƨڵأᰣôˣ
ˣᰵĿ⣬䡣
ֶһȻŤͷ䣬ŵڵء֪ŵģǶڸسæſֵôǼĻ죬޵ǵĿܡ
ʣµģֻҶ
ҶӦҲæŸ־¥۸սŶԡ
ӿ˫ۣ׵ĴֽиӰ
ۣ
ӰȻڲ鿴Σָͷڴֽϴ˸СһںڵӴ
ȻǷԺֶᰣӰһ£һֱſڴûж
ֶüҶдܵĻƺС͵ɺȻǰ취
ǰֶڴ̨ͣҪڣ洫һСѯʣƹҶ
Ҷֶһѵ˵ǿջб䣿
ûгɣֶк˵
СԺҶС
ֶЦûϵ֪š
Ӱζ֨һҶ˳
ǲǷ־¥ʲôˣֶѯʵ
ҶҡͷǷ־¥ǹŻڡ
Żڣֶ¶ô£
ġҶ΢һ˼·Ľ͵ǰǰϽӵŻڵţ˵ǹŻ鷳Ǵеӻ˹Żڡһ߾ǰ£¹Żǲǳʲô£˸ȥŻڿѾһûšû뵽һֱڶûŻɽû˵ɽ˳ûֲɻƳȥֻܹƹ⡣
ֶһһҹûأʲôźá
ŻɽΪŻڵĴڣɽǲɽϽɽկ;мϻˮѧԺһֱûɽ֡ټϻԪ˳ٳδ顭
ֶɫ䣬ȥǣ
ҶæͷҪҪټ֣
òţֶҡͷɿᰡջĻӻûӰӣνֲһȺѣŻڶԸˣһȺ컹
ͬŻڶԸˣԼһһأ翲ҲΣղС
΢΢ͷ
ֶһ֣˵䣬ּͨǿջ
䣬ֶԸҶǣƥӺų˿ջһ·񱼡
Żɽ£̧ͷдΡ˿ô˨ã˼ɽ
һ·ʯᾣ񴦴С·ǰУȻ䣬ֶ۽УһͻȻ˸
ŤͷһǸֳһɫ۵ɱ
ǲǹŻڵӣֶȵ
һЦ磬ƾ
ֶȻΣԷԲǹŻڵӡ
ŻɽϳŵӣҲɷ˵˱ϮŻںĻƣΣˡ
ۿֱָؿڣֶȴδ⣬вǸȥֲ԰ȦȥŻһˡŻڻ⵽ŹԱֲ԰Ȧ©طҲͬս
ؿϮֶĿ΢΢Ȼ֣⾹Ѿһס
ۿؿڣʶֶŸһ٣峯ȥ
ɭĽϷֶҽ̧𣬳ŶԷ߳
һĨ죬ϮԴ΢΢һƫͬʱһšɲסƣת·̶
ֶһҽѳɣΣͷ³һŵ棬ವһųһȥ
죬̶ֶ£һѪ顣
飡
ֶء
ɣ
¶⣬߰ŤеĳһӨֱȡֶʺ
ֶп࣬ʧȥƽ⣬ܿѾ޿ܣʯ֮䣬ӿֱָۣſĽץȥ
ˣ
һĿ¶㵣۶ٶȻصԭĹ켣ֱֶʺ
ʧɭĽ⣬ֶĿõӿȭؿڻ
էֶĿ⣬ЩëİмһЦ
ǰ汳ģǵвӱ̴ʣС
͡
ɫĹӰʺϵЦݣ֮һ
µֱӡ֤뷨ӱ̴ǲܻſġ
Ŀ΢䡣


224 
飡
ֶȭƫУؿڡ
һ죬굹ɳȥ˫Խδԣһܹ֣ŵǱ
ܽѪȾȴжϳ⽣ǰѸ߽齣ɱ˲ȾѪ
Ŀɳֶ˿δӵµĿᰣһΪ֮ǰͻ֡
᰻ҡͷʵӦأÿΣ֮ʵķӦ
ֶЦ
Ҳǰ˵һҪȻôһд̽䣬ҵʵС򲻹Ҳڱ˱ƵزŶԡ
ЦҸղ˵ˣÿΣ֮ʵķӦ
ֶ̽ȷܼʱ־ң
ᰵȷ
ֶЩţȴҲûٶ˵¿Ż鵤Ժ󣬶˼·
һ·ϣֶгƣԼ߲ӹһ١Ҷ鿴ԵɵĻƣ´˿ѾѲ˼ˡ
ƺǲֶ飬᰺ȻǻѾˡ
ֶ˿ͷղŶ˵ĹҵӦô
ǿ⡣һʱѾʧȻӦǽ翲ܿԷĹȻᡣһ߱ܿһ߷ԼԽԽ⣬ڶԷʤ׷ֱȡʺʱӦýȵߵˣǳһرܡһܣȻҲʧȥƽ⣬ȴܵ谭˫Ҳá
˶٣᰼Ѿ˼УӦҲ׶Էʵǿ㣬ȻҲվԽԷĳȫƿվҲõȳٽһЩֻԷ޷˶̵ʱվ޴󣬾ܿԷһιҲԽԽõķӦǰƫƣܱУҲֻǸһЩƤˡֻҪԷý㣬Ž֮ȫ취һЩƤ˰Ťת
ֶգҾȻ©ôԾȵĻ᣿
ᰵͷʵȫЩӦ
ʱ̫ˣҲЩ񡣡ֶεôʱ;ȥԾȵİ취
ҪѵˡᰵԵΣ࣬ʶԼķӦ
ֶЦãСЦ
ԶԶģŻѾߣʯһ·ϡſڣһŵӶûеΣֶ
ڣ˳룬֮δ̫״˵սڹŻڡ
ֶмսڹŻڣʣµĵطֻһֲ԰Ȧ
Զԣı̺ռһЩֲ԰ֶв߽ģȦߵȴֻףֲ԰ΪһЩ
ֲ԰Ĵ󲿷ֶڣ̣ǿдߵĻֵۿۣԶռֲ԰ȻＯ档Ȧͬʵǿ滷ҪҲԶҪͣȫץ˴ߡ
ŻĴϣӦסȦŶԡ
ףֶк᰻ͷһľ¥У˳ֶˣͣ
ΪһɫɫһȻһɫȵʲôˣ
ֶüŻڵĳϣȫԲǡ΢ɣթʲôˣΪʲôҹŻڣ
ΪʲôڹŻڣһЦɨ۶ˣջش䵱УΪǹŻڲʶô
꼶ʮȻǲмԼ֡
彣һԾֶ˼ɱ
ֶȻ᰻ζԷΧԼһˣҶԷĿҲԲԼһȴҲҴ⣬һƶ̨еİȻ֣ġ
˫ʮףأһɫųһʺȥ
ã
Ѹ׵磬д󾪣䲻벻׹Żô˵ӣȴȻ׶Էʵǿһ˿Կ⡣
Ϊ귭ˣͦǰԮ
Ǻ
ٶȾˣڶδ֮ʱѾɱΪѡ񣬺УֻûӽӲ
һ죬Ϊֱֻ۷飬ֶҲɾײɳȥɳ۶һ٣ֳһɫΪ̾齣Բͬʱ԰ࡣ
Ȼ˶Ϊ׹֮ʱȻһʱһ֣ĳΪ̳
ͣ
Ϊ˫ĿɴҲ޷ף⽣Ϊסȴƾٴ̡
৵һһѪΪĺгĲӺȥ
ã콣ڣ콣ڡԶ߼ȴ֪ö˺
콣֣˵Ҳţȴһʱ벻ۿҪ겻Ҷ룬ұеĳһĨӨϵȥ
⣬ֶȻһЦȲ̧ĳҪ֮ʱ͵һץվ˹·ھһ֮󣬿ӿơ
͡
еĳڰ;Ȼһ٣εŪ׵ôʱƤ»ʺһʹͼһѪǰɽ
ſͣųһ˴ȥҪ˵ʲôȴֱһͷԵڵأҲ޷˵֡
һۿգۼʦֵܱɱԷȴ֮߰⣬ѻɢĻӲһŤӿ˫ȣӡ
С
ұۣҪλӣȴһĨಿλҫһ£Ȼš
ٿλӣѾͣ˿񱼣ſ죬ƴ˼Ȼ¡
ֺúݣߺ콣ڵӣ˵ģ
ᰲֶǰ
Ϊѧ˼˲𣬼ȻǾͱҲ
ŭ˫΢Ŷ˱
УһɵѪɫ˲ʮ֮ʱ˫ȳһţȥ˫ֱ档
䣡
죬ֶЩ㲻״ʱһץסļͷһɳ졣
Ȼ䣬Ѫɫķ˴ӵѸײڶ֮ŭڶ˽ݺŰ
Ϸι˺Ϊ֮һ͡
ֶȻͷǿġ
ۿ˱ܿƣ߳˿һ齣ҫбɶŶڰգֱȡᰵʺ
ֶ˫ĿǴһ۵齣
ֱ֣齣Ľȥ
Ǻ
Ľڶ˵룬ײ齣΢΢һ֮ٶȳֱ룬ߵࡣ
߿ĿЩ⣬һԼֱ۷飬ٽԷʵɱԼǿ֡
Լʵǿ֣ʲô̶ȣ
ɲǼ䣬߱⡣ܶԷΣʵȴǰˣɡ
ûκԥһš¡ͬʱӿұۣһɨͼԶݡ


225 ϵ
ݡ
齣֮ʱֻеĳͻȻЩʹӿ룬Żָ
ɲǼͣ٣Ȼܿ齣ֱȡߵؿڡ
Ȼ֮࣬Ҳƾ˫̤弱ٷת
һһѪ飬ߵֱһѪۡ
أۿٶת߳ұӣ齣һĻ⵲ȥ˫򼱵ŵ棬ϳˡ
أֶνԼڵڸղֺ齣һȻ̫ܡʯ֮䣬԰Ʈ˼ң
һѩ׵źץֶͷż˵׷˹ȥ
ֶ˳һ̽סᰵǿףϸдģЩĳ񶯡
ͻһŤͷֶȴ̫ģһ߲ٿϹߣһߴֶ׷
˫ԽԽ߼ֶͣȴͫһұٶ̧һӡ
һʮּʯͷ֮Ŵ͵һơ
ܼĽŲ̤ʯĺ󷽣߲δֽµ״Ҳûܵκ谭ʡ
ֶϧڿƾֹƷķ࣬ٶҲ졣˲δʯ鼱ٸߣŵȺ
ڶԾûб̤סΣȴһƵ΢΢Щ仯
ۣ
ΣڣߵĽŸ̤ʯϷ
һ죬ʯ˲仯Ϊĩߵʧȥƽ⣬¡е齣Ҳ˲ЩƫܲͨĽ¶϶
߶ݵʧܿ㱻ǿŤתݼŵĻᣬȴûӿᰵİա
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񵲿ѾɼΣֻóܿ⡣
ۿɹȫעת͵Ϯͷ᰷ſֶһĨӰ˲Ϣ䵽ߵǰһӲؿڡ
飡
һѪߵֽ𰣬ɳȥ
ֻǲִٶ˼ΣؿڱһۣһѪ𡣶֮ƣҲִ١
˳Ѫ˸ƵԽԽ죬ֱȻһͣͣߵʺλá
벻ϵô󣡡ֶ
ЦЦҲûϵֶվԼЧţߵʵһ󾳽磬Էʵս鲻ףҪסԷѣȴɡ
Ӧò󡣡ߵҲסͿ۽⣬ʵ󺺹Ҳܳݣ콣ڵļ̳˰ɣ
ᰲֶǰ˵Żڵģ
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ŻڵĵӣȻûзŹԼĵ
Ȼ콣ڵļ̳ˡߵӦ֪ûκ治þڹ档͹ŻڵѣȴҲûг˺ĵ
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ûʱˣɱֶһȻǹŻڵӣԷɱԼջĻƣҲܾܿڹŻɽϣͬûзŹԷĵ
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оһţ𽥼֮ʣף˭ǾԼˡ
첽ǰеĴߣ£ֶһ¹ŻɽȦλãһָƮ棺Ǳߣ
һץסֶļͷӶ
һ·Žأˣֶȴ
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Էڹ󷨣᰿ֶѯʵǴӺֱӹҸ˵ĵطͻȥ
ͻȥֶûκԥô˵ȷһڲܰġ
ᰵͷٶץסֶļͷӰȦΧߡ
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غͼλ˰ѹŻʵǿĻԪΧɱϺ͵ӡ
ʮһڵȴӳһ
ǰɳ˧ɽ֪޷Уֻܼеӷ˵ӵȦϣȥԮĵܴ˻Ԯ
콻սԮųٳûг֡ڿİзڵʵǿȴûʦһʱҲ޷ȫƵ
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ҪⳡΣΨ취ϷֿȻƲСֻȡʤϣ


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ֶü˼ΰѶԷϷֿһԣصɫҲǱ仯Ī⣬Ȼڿų·
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ĽȻûдǳţò˼ʱͻᱻƵ
ҡͷһԵɵ»ûκŹԮӦöڵƲҹٵȥҲȻֻ취ͻΧ
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͸˷쿴ֻһ֣ɵùԲ
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ᰵһһһĨⱩ˲ϢûɳǽС
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һһӽеĽʯ嵽ֻʮ飬ȻӲͷƤֶԣСŻǰ
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졭¶˼ʱѾԤڣǶһЩԪǰƻָ롣
ϸһ£׷ʵɳöԷܵˣ
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ֻǾήҲ񣿡Ȼǻ󣿡
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һؼʵƹɳĿΪֻĽ󣿡
ᰵͷ
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ֶЦαعͻΧȫ𣿡
ȻôܣԷϵʵȫﵽأһڰأƾŻȫ֮ȫҲʧءοԷʵ׵ĵӣЩӣҲڶأԶǹŻڣ뻹δͻ鶯ڡ
ҵĻŰɣֶɳ󣬾ǵĵط
صͷֶ˵ڵĻôţҲ°˳ɡοɱڸϣҲ١
ʱԺ󣬻ԪһڳϺ͵˳
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ͦӲǺȻ죬ʮ߳ϼˣĺ³һѷס
ۿɳ׶֮ǰһˣǶݵͣͺٶȳʮ߳ϴ̳³ϲԥӽն
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ãԷҵĽƼӿһЩ
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ϧһΪʱʮ߳ϵؿڳٶȹ³ϡ
ᰵʵ㲻ɳĻӰԸϣֻҪ˲ӣѾʮɵİաڻɳУ뵣Ķ˷ɢӣᰵݽߣ鵤ֶָƲǿ
⽻֯˸֮ǰײҪ˲٣齣ٶȴһࡣֶۻңȵȫָ֮ʱҲֻܿЩҫ۵Ѫɽ
һӣ³ϵעڲǿ³㱣ʺһѪۡ
һϽ󳾡
ջʵȥ
ֶͷҲɱ̫ࡣԹԹг𱨳ڵĵǣŻڲܺߡ


229 һ
˵Ĵߣֶһ·˳ɳӭǵģһ˫˫ȵĿ⡣
ֶɨˣѾȫ£һǰҲѾڹŻڡڽİٶӺĵӣһɣܲסͿǺòÿˡ
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µıµµİˡһеһУ⻶ŭУк
ԪһѳϵİײʳָϵĴӨһһȭ׺Ȼ֣ݺѪϡ
һұ۱նϵĵ֣ϵİײ͵Ľ彣ɭű˵
ɲǼ䣬ײڰշ裬һƬƬŵѩƬӻ
ûзŹѵõʿҲû˶ͷԷͣ᰿ʼĬдɳĹʱ϶䵤ҩȵɳɳоһű󣬴ӽɳС
һսҹĻ죬زŴŶ˳һϣĨȥƣȴҲѪ˷ܡ
İһʮһ
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Χô죿ֶѯʵ
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ֶĬȻŷ׵ļҪҡףͷţûʲô޵Ļ뻹ڻᶯš
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ƹ񣬻ԶǳֲҲ֪ʶһλǿѡʱգѣ¸ˡ
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ֶͷѾ˵ˣʣµģǼ۸
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أضĵÿɹݡ
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ȵ뿪ֶź᰽Եɡ춼ˣһҲ㲻ʲôȻû˵ʲô˵ʱǱ˳ȥ
һ·ֻһڵĵӣϸԺ˽⡣һ·ɽ᰸ֶᰵķԸƲõʯۣٶãѾŻɽһȦ
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һֱæ賿еӵʬһ飬ټеڵӣһ࣬Ҳһ٣ֶʳĿһģһ
ֲ԰ȦǷ©Ϣʣµľֻδսŵ֪и߽ĵĹŻڵˣԴˣֶûϡصȡ
һ䣬æŴŻں;˵ӣֶҲûٴȥһ·ϻǡ
䣬ֶһ۱㷢֣Լſڣͷ߶ż뼱ȵĽŲȻʲôҪ̸


230 Ʊץ
Σֶ΢΢üŵ飬ǵ֪ΪáҪȻʲô޷ͻ飬Ҳ˺ܿܳСӡ

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ֶЦЦǿ˿ˣλйµˣָܴڳ


231 
˻ԥֶһԵ꣬ЦЦιˣŮװǲñ֪ǵݺסɣ
Ұ׵ӷһĨ糺죬ˣҲ湻ֱ׵ģһھͽҴ˼ݵġ
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ֶԹ˵ʵȻǿȴ˿ɼûĻĹӦķ֣Ӧһֵʵ
ķȻֶȷʵ˿ɼֵĻжϳԷʵֻ̽̽ĻжϳԷ߳Լ׵ʵѣҪ꾡ؼ֣ȴֻԼ߳Էϵʵжϳ
΢΢ЦһƤȷʵԼģȻԼġ
ֶȻһأҲʮͷ츳ʵĹҲʵףλ縮ڵˣҲֻüɽЩ쵱ŲûϴĻλӦʣӳİɣ
˺Ȼӣ𺳵ؿֶУЩţȻֶڵҲ˵
ֶжϳüɽŵӣͻʣȫ츳üɽκŶԳΪ̳ˡ츳ǷǾԲ׷ɱġ𰸣ڳشʣ츳в
ڶ˵ϸݣֶüɽųʲôʺ֪飬Ȼ޷µⲢȥιϵƣʦ˿ɾȣû´縮źʦѾŵߡֻҪһ¶棬¡
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⡢⡭ķȻҲôȴ߳٣ЩԥƹΪʲôô飿
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ֶȻŻֵ֮ˡȻںڴսΪ˴յ㹻Ŀʯ齣üɽȻСš
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ֶͷ񣬿²סȻҲ


232 С
ҪһǾˣǴǬڡ
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죬ֶߣ㽫ЬѵľųһһĹıѩ׵ıϡ
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ᰲһƣֶļͷ˲ʱֶһ岻תһȦᰡ
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ΪӵоŽҩЧԣᰵ
ΣֶСҧһڡڼ˳ʺһů뾭
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ӹӵϵë˲ͷĺˮ豭һڣϢƽȵĻһ֣вŴ첽˽
үּǿջжˡ
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233 
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ֶŤŤЩʹĲӣбŵڴϣ˸һʮһʱûҡ
ЦЦľ
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234 ҧӲͦ
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235 
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238 ʯоɹ
ܲ²ǶǴһҲֻܾ䣬ĴãֶʾŵǰԺ
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һóӲƸԺֶͿͳ˷ţ˳Ҳ˼Ǻ«ȥһɡ


239 Ǽ
ֶǰ뷨ʯӦΪһ쵽֮ʣһٽʳּǿջ
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ٹҪü֣õģӵȼ۵ľ̿ľ̿ζ־ãٰʮƽ׵ķ䣬ÿаٰʮӣԱһ쵽ů紺
ʯůܹƳɹֶҪְٰʮƽů紺һʯ̺֧һ죬Ҳ˵Чһȴֻдٹ˵Ľ֮һ
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ƹҪǳµĻȻСĵĳɱӰ죬ÿĿҲǱСĿǲ԰Ѷ¥⻻ͨƲˣͷٸĻ
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ҪĻлһѾˣּǿջҲڱǣűת
Źţͻټʯȣû̻⵵£ּǿջҲܺͷ־¥൱


240 ׾̩
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һֱֶɫͻСѯʵƹ񣬻ûҪԸ
ֶγѣ־¥ôһڣ㶼ѽˡ
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ɶͷԡ
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¦Ǿׯǿذɣֶʱ£ԥѡ¦ǾׯԭĵַС㹻ˡǽּǾׯĸԺּǾׯ̫㡣
Уȥѯʵ
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հףԷס޶Ҫ׾̩Ц
հףһϿɲټϰ׾̩̬һʱ䣬¶ϲүҼƹģ
׾̩Ըоȣһհ׾ܲµԼݣּǿջλ£
¡
һʮͷһ۱ϳǿջԽĻƣ԰׾̩ȷɡ
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õϢֶӭԺ;Ű׾̩˽
ֵܣϲϲŶû׾̩ɨۺԺһпⶼˣҴó氡Ժ׼һˡ
ϸ绹ܺŪˣСջռأ¼û׼ҵĳɣֶЦŽЦ˻ȥ
׾̩˼䣬ѯʵֵܣҼλС㣬û鷳ɣ
ѵһ٣ڻڹŻڵĺɽֶЦϸ̫˲źá
Ҿ֪Ѿͷ鷳ֵܣô£׾̩æѯԵɡ
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ֶҡͷϸˣؾôٴĻҲ
ǿɲһ˭ܵǵطǿ·׾̩ҡͷ
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ǿɾ͹ϲϸˡֶЦŹֹصӽ󣬱˼ϸ磬ɾͲٽаϰ壬óΪ׼ˡ
黹أ׾̩˷ܣȴæǫѷֵڣû׸ü峯ĸ淢չ˵Ϊʱ硣
ĸ淢չֶЩװ׾̩˼
һ壬ÿܳӵҪġܹȶĲҵΣķչˡ׾̩͵һǰ׼Ҹ𲽣ҲҵҲⲻڵغͿ̡Ψһ鷳һٻ߾Ӫ
ֶȻκμ嶼иչֻͷ򲻶Ϸչл׳󣬷Զֹǰ
󺺹м壬ܵ˵ԷΪ֣һ־רճļ壬ԻһЩһ׵ĵҩ䷽Ȼ޵ӵѧ嶼ƹ£ܳһ츳ȽϺõӵܣǰ˵ľ飬˵ģоŶ䷽⡣չֻۣҪʲô̫Σˮƽǡ
ͬˮƽߵĻҲ˺ˡʸŵʱԼΣҲһ


241 Դ
ڶ࣬Ǿµӵ
ǾӪˣľӪǸײҵľӪǾӪһЩϢϢصĲϣġޡʯ֮ġ
ȦޣֲģҲ¿󶴿ɣٻ߼һϣһ㣬עʵ֮⣬档
ѡ˷չļ壬ûʲô̫Ұģָƫһ硣ѡַչʽļ壬Ҳռмİ˳ϡ
ԭֻҪǵͽġ޻߿ʯм廤ԣЩ޵ͬڼߣĻʧܳ档ԶЩ屻죬ΣĴҪٵöࡣ
ѡ˷չļ壬ͷĺͿʯȱ鵤ȫԸһЩΨһĲ㣬Ǽһ콥ɳĶҪչ׳ֻܼϣо츳ӵһ·
һչַϲٻַһ岻ӵܵһֲġôھɢļҲ
ȻַչʽʵٶҲҪࡣ
һ˵ѡַչģһЩ壬ٻߣгŵӵܣ֤İȫ
˵ķչʵǺһģֻŶѡҼռʯءѡܳӵȸƣȼ߼ټǧѡ
ֶ뷨Ȼǰ׼ҵһ׼ߵ·ߣӦΪŶԡϾŻǸţʱգ޷ΪŻڳϣˮƽܴﵽĽףȫָ׼ҵˮƽ
׾̩ǧټҪðŻڣиŵ廤һиչӦռһԭŶԡȴԥֶѯʵϸǲǻʺϵķչ򣿡
׾̩һЦǴ㳯淢չģԭҲ֪ǰãиΪŽԹʧأѾڵųңṩһʯ֪⽨Ժ󣬻ŵֻҪҿṩһֵӵʯԸڶ׺Ͷµ䷽͸ңұ֤Ժٲ⴫
˿׾̩ҵĲӻдĶ䷽˵Ҳܸʡʱ䡣Ψһ鷳ǣѾͷԺܳΪϣ׼ֳ˺üʸŵĵӣôЩòʧˡ
ֶͷ˹Żڳϣ׼ӵֳ˺üʸŵĵӣȫһӼŻڡаڹŻţʵʦֵܲΪŻڳϵļҲǳ
Ļ׼ѡõֵָܲȶ䷽͡
룬ֶϸҵĻҿѡչȽϺá
ֵΪʲôð׼ҳչȽϺã׾̩̲ס֤
ֶȻһЦΪҿùŻڵķչǰ;еŵУʮͳΪҲ˵
׾̩ȻʧЦ⣬ô췢չٶȵĿҲָ˵ˡ
ֶ鵹¶˾ġ
ȥҲǰ취ᣬҲһѼ彨
룬׾̩֣ЦǺǵǾֵܼԣףŻϣǰ׼Ҳܸǳˡ
ֶЦ׼ҸŹŻǳϸɱҲŰ׼ҳ
ĵĻˡ׾̩Цֵ˹ʯѾ˹ˣҪôʯ
ôֶЦЦѯʵܹǶʯ
׾̩ʮ꣬еģŲСֻ˵Ҫʮӵʯ㲻Ҫ߽׵ģԴȫһʯܹǶʮ飬ڻĴ
ʮ飿ֶһһʯӴﻻ˷ѵĻǮӶ
ɣ׾̩ͷ
λϸ磬ῪЦ
ֶһЦŻҹﵽƱ˳Ƶ棬ζһʮƱʯʮʣµģ鷳ϸհҰʯ˹ʯȽǶٶ޷
һʮӣ׾̩ɴ۾ЩŵĿǰ߸ߵƱ
ֵϵƱûǰλֵܣһǰǸСջƹŶõĹôͳ˰ӣ
˵ջ׾̩Ҳ󺺹޼֮һһ걼󺺹أҲ׬ôӡ
ֶЦϸ磬ʵǰģʽɣиĽ׵Űϸ硣
׾̩ЩǮһʮӵʯҲʮһʯ˵˷ѣǳɱ͵һٰʮӡ
һ͵׼Ҵ궼øֵλѴ򹤡
ҪģǺ滹Уҽ
ϸ磬ʵ˵ɡֶȻԵõɱ׶٣飬£пҺȺȾƣ鷳Ҫתʱ򣬽ٰʮü͹ˡ⣬Ҫǿ˱ֲ֪£ɾͰ׻ˡ
׾̩Цֵԭҡ
ֶҡͷѣȷʵҪʯֻһٶӵʯʱܳһʱѡ
׾̩ͷϸһ£òʵʵ˵ҴӸŵŹʯϸǵĺôʹ㣬һһʯĳɱǮӡ
ֶ˵ͷɱźʹأŻǰʯӯĻһ㶼Ź¸ŹȥļǮǰǮһ顣
ȻռĴɽӯʯСŶٱǧڵڶ࣬ʵҲСſԱȵģĵʯȻҲΪӴӯʯôҲൽΪͼʡ£гһļ۸ĳ̶ȡ
룬ֶѯʵ͵ĳɱ󲻴󣿡
׾̩ҡͷʯǴڻ˷ж١ĴͼĲʵĻ͹ˡ
ϸ͸̺ͼ壬ӦǾǮһɣҵĻжǮһ飬Ҫռõ͸̺ͼʯͬҲǮһôֶڵϸ͵
׾ֵ̩ʯ㲻õģǰ׼ҾӪʯϰˣĲ˵ԽڵţŹ¶н飬ʯҪж١ڼǮǮ͹ˣôҲ׬ֵôӡ
ֶҡͷ飬̫͵ļǮᡣңҲǰ򣬲ӮǱ߿ߡǮһǮҲҪ
׾̩Цõ⣬ƴѹۣǧټƴ̧ۣǷ̫ðɣ
ǾôˣǮӣ
ֶʽİ壬Ҳһ㣬̫ͣ󣬰׾̩û׼ȴһûż֥鶪ϡ
򵽰Ǯӵʯ뼸ڲõĻԴ㣬ĺô
̸ɣķٶƵּǿջ棬սУһߣʯҲɡ


242 ҳ϶Ⱦʮ
׾̩ڿջס죬ֶӲָƽ
ӣĸŮЪҲһԺֶŴѻõʯůͼֽš
ʯǽʯеתΪܣһ㣬Ѿˣоʯֻоνڸ;
ʯůͬоʯůҪоνʯеתΪܣѾһشоˡ
ֶ֪ôɽܡɶЩҵȻ߿ͷų鼼ʯеתΪܸͲһȴ˼һͷų
뷨ѾЩֶ֪ʶΧˣҲ޷ůָͰѿյоˣ˳ϱ䡣
ȻյʯЩֳ䣬ʱܷһţֻҪоʯů͹ˡȵʯȺʯůһӣٰʯյƳܴһʱ䡣
һʱ䣬ҹֶЩ
ֻ꣬ʯůʯյҸĳʱֻа꣬ȻǰǽʯůоĻϡ
ϲ鱨һʱϰߣʯů¯Ҳһʱ䣬⻹תΪܲС
û취ֶɹоĶţëоⶫԼļҲûãҺɸļǵѹ
ãҲֻˡ
˷䣬ԺʯԶŪãƺǸӦֶ֣û̧ͷɫȴȻϡ
ֶһ죬ƶ̨óʣؿڡ
أٳʣһɫӰֱֶʺ٣ᰵʵҪϼ֣ȴҲȱ
ûκԥֶȻеİʣ˹ȥ
ۣ
аʣȻҲ޼ڰ¸ϸĽ֮Ȼתųֶȥ
ֶһƬ飬ɢź֮ʱȻһеİʳϴ˹ȥ
飡
ǧشʵĵĽӴɲǣһ졣
һתֶ˫Ⱥɨ
Ȳһֶŵڵһɳ졣
ۿٶתָգֶһҧеİʷץײ˹ȥ
һߣ˫ٶײһ֮ʱһڣȻŰʻ˹ȥ
ֶȻŵٶȿưʻͷ׷ּ䣬һµİһţֶٶ
ʵļл£ڱ޿ɱ֮ʣһתҲɳۡ
ܣûôס
ֶһ֫һš֮Ӵ͵˫ۣǰлİ˲ʱͷԻҪһٶ׷Ϲȥ
ƣֶһϲᰵ콣֪վٶҪһٿ齣ȴվпգ볯ı߷ɾͳı߷ɡ콣ƵķɽֻܳŽָķС
ûκԥֶ˫΢΢ƶѸбų뼷ȥ
ȻһЦĽȴȻ³
ֶȻʶ³ʺϲ֮ƣΪ¶ȥ
ʲһףⶸȻֹס³̧ǣһȫʣ̧֮
³³³𡭡
գۼ䣬⼱ٱãҲòƶ˫ľۿҪʮ֮ʣһֱҧȫעΧµֶ̲ס˫һ΢⼱ٳſȱ˳ȥ
һӲʾͿƲˣ죬˵㡭赭д
ֶʱ޲һưʸҵϡãΣֻÿٶȳΧ¹ȥ
ûµô̵ľ룬̫Сˣһ񣬾ͳƫ
ô˵нЦ
ֶһ죬ǵȻ𻰣ۿʺֻֿƵİʣһ߿һ׷һͳ°ʣʺ˹ȥ
ۣ
е棬ٳˡ
ֶĿ΢λãһʽй켣ϣһ졣
ϲջϵͳֵﵽֵҳ϶Ⱦʮ
ֶһˣ
򿪿ջϵͳ񣬲Ӵ΢΢һ⡣
ͷһֶЩɫıʺ֣һСײȥķ̶ȣͷּҡ
ǸֶСѵ𿿵̫ˣһʧ֣ԩ
һĨصʣᰵոͻȻ뵽ʲôٻʲô춯صϢԵеʱһܷġոѾɱˡ
ֶЦ˵ɣ£ô׵û
Ϳˡ㹻ˣٴҲʵ㶨Ͳȱֻûѵ
ⶫҲѵֶȻ
ᰵͷܶ࣬Сţһ㶼ڵӴŪӰǵǣƽʱڼѰĻУö֮ҲͲֽšЩţĿõӴֻþ£ͬԵõǿ
ֶզ࣬Сĳᰣֹ
¾ȥɣЦæȥＯˣʱòŵġ
ֶѹսŵʱػô໨ԭѧӵķ
ʵ棬̿ӦõģŰԼЩͷˡֶתǰԺЩᣬǲǷᰵһƬ⣬ѳＯϵ¸ʮꡣ
ǰԺ⻹ûöֶãȻĹˣżԼԭ
ҳ϶Ⱦʮ˵ÿջƺͳӵҳ϶ȴﵽʮϡֶֻܿЦ
һ뷨ˡǺּǿջĻƺͳӣֶǰ컹ɨһԣҳ϶ȷ棬Ƹյʮ⣬ھʮϡ
򿪿ջϵͳֶɨۻƺͳӣҳ϶͵Ҳоʮ塣
ֵ꣬ǵּǿջּǿջĻʱҪһң
ֶסˣֻаʮ֮⣬ȻиĻֻаʮߡ
ǰ쿴ԣż죬ҳ϶ȾȻϣ
ֶ΢΢üϸƺͳӵԣ͵ľʮһǰ첢û̫ı仯
Դֶƺͳû̫ı仯ԭɺͿջûϵǳĻϡʲô£ѵһ٣ЩԲŵ˼ҳ϶ȡ
ҪȻҲἸ͵ϡͬǶԿջʲôĵĻֲֹĵ㣬һʮ㡣ǱʲôԿջ飬ԥû¶ģҳ϶Ҳô½
иϣѶܸһЩȻҲûȥĵ
²ҳ϶Ⱦʹʮӵʮٸһ٣Ͼʮѡ
ֻǸƣΪʲôԭҳ϶½ƣӦøȥ
ֶεķ֣ʱ䣬㹻ˡ


243 ˫
仹δﵽ죬̤աǹһʱ޷Ӧ
ȻĳŲˣʱʱߺȼ䣬дֵĻƽʳĻѵõϷϡ
ſڣ˲˵ĻʱʱֶλƹҲֻǵͷʸ̼ȥ
ƣýһ£Ȼ
ֶһ䣬ӻǣŤͷһۣԹæµһͺƹΪʲôϲƶȳ⣬Ѿ֪ԭҲϰˡ
صԺʯûãһǱӰ˹
ơƹңƴŴһĨͷ·Ѿ۵ƣ
װˣ˵ɣ⼸ʲô£ֶһЦô·ǸĵӣܹĲһ鶯ڰصҪܲˣҲͲֵǮˡ
˿ĭ˫ڸɸɾΧϲ˲ЩĿֶСƹ֪ˣ
ʲô£
ֶЩһթû룬ȻСӸթˡ
ѹеľȣֶɫ˵ɣҪʲôͷ
ƹҲԸⰡƿɥǼһʵ̫ˣѾƴˣɾǺ̽£Ѿ˲ˡ
ֶЦã⻵£ȻΪĺ
ǵʱּǿջֻһԺֶҲʶĺ䣬Ǽĺܹ꣬С
˵ֶһ״һͷŴƺһڿջݼߵԺ﷿䲻٣˶ÿһ䡣ֶϡǵã˵ķ䶼ǴҰŵģƺסм䡣
͵һӣֶɫܵˣΪʲôܲˣ
ǲͬƿɥűͷһ֣Ҳͺѵ㣬ٴҲÿ϶ѧһԴ
ôܵˣֶЦԼĲֱ̫ΪҲ˼Ҵŵʱ⻹Ūװǿ
⡢⡭һæ츳ܸƹʹŵĵᲢۣ츳ͣʱ򱾾͵øȫעһЩȻûܵ
ֶһ죬ɺãȥ˵һ˵˵ܴԼŪ󷨸뷨
ƹһذɣұ֤ƶ䷢ĵұ֤´ҲǱķóӶסıˣԺ󶼸סһ䡣
ⲻֶͷţҲͻϰˡ
˫һһƨڵϡ
ƹҰɡԸܷ
ܷҲУ
ֶͷվ𣬴ƶ̨нһóϣƺȻĿУֱͣ
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սս뿪ڣȴֲҳ˫ǧһ㣬ӲϿӲŵֶǰ
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246 
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ϻ֣ʱ֣ѾϡࡣؽֵСǣ·˾ߺȵҲС˲١
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һҿջռͦģ˵ҲͱһЩСҪһЩѡ
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ȻƭӣǻҲģԼɱǰϺݵģСľ͵öϸ첲ȡ
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һʳֶָǰش˼£Сӣ˵Щеûģ˵ɣƭ£˽˻ǹˣ
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ΪѽӲ˾ƭңûУÿջѺ
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ԣһ֣ʮñīǩֻѺҪȻץȥšƾҺͷĽ飬Ĳ˵⳥û붼룬һøʵʵηʮꡣⲻˣһƤ֮ࡣ
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ҪƼˣ˼ҿ϶ǴӴŷܣվһ浲ҲΣյġ
ҧгݣ˼ʮ⣬ҵҲеͷԡа¶ģԺ˵ʲôҲܲܰЩһ¹Ǯȫ۹⡣ڣֻһ˿ߣҪȻԷҪˣԼһҲס
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ֶɿɵ㶲֪ʲôźõѯʵϰҲֵĹ
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248 뿴Ϸ
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˴Գʪָӡ󸻽Ƿųֶּ̀ǿջĵȡ
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סˣֶ·ʲôµĹһ㣬̲ס˿ˮ
ϣֶһƶ̨еĵó˹̨ϡ
Ʋ㻹·׼ˣˣͷˣӾתÿ졣ƭ֪ѼҵߡҲʶȤ죬Լ˵ǲƭƭץסˣԼѺӣǿ϶һӡ
˼ңŽʶʱ
̲סֶļЦǺǵƢȻ˸ԺСһ㣬϶гϢ
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ϼ壬Իƿ̱ѶԼҲǲһᡣ
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ˣɫ磬Ҳñڲ񷿹ҹˣȥдת飬ǵͿˡɨ۵ɴ飬Ŵ͵Ļǣɭ棬һץһһȥá˶ʵʵţʱпܰ·ҪǷ͵Ҷǲ
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һǮģĿҼһ㲼ϣһǮҾʹÿ˵ĹǮһġ
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⣿ֶһƽѯʵ
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ֶЦǰʧĽקһЩ󣬰ѱѹµĵĻҳ·Żƶ̨С
ӣֶģȴݲ̫˵Ľ󸻣˵ɣҪ˽˻ǹˡ
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ǸƭӣдǷ»˭ᲪȻŭ
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𽭴󸻣ǿҪԼԩˡʼգԼҲΧȥѣſһ棬ҲûҲû˵ƹƭӣ۵ҪȣҲ̫ԩһЩ
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ۣԭ͵ӡ󸻳ֱ̨棬־ҪһƵԴȥ
ˣϷֶֹֻ뿴ôǮûģûȤˡ
󸻸æϵӣ͵ƹ񻹼ǵҸ˵ǰǳи͵ӱϳȥ°ɣһɣǶһģ룬ôƭ˵ӣⲻԼԼ𣿡
˿󸻼ңʱ̨ʣЩƣͬ£ǻ˭ģǣҲһҳ
ֶǳײ뿪ˣҲ֪ǵôݺģͽֶȥˡ


249 ȺȺ
󸻰̧붯ֶ֣΢΢һƣ˲ʱһһʱ飬˸ųԵȥ
ͨһ죬󸻰ЩӾҪֶ͡
Ӷò㻹ˡֶɨԾɹڵϵĻǣ쬵㲻ʲô˭ϷվݸҿĻҲ׷͡ҪǸҸϰһ˵ЩϻŪңޣûǹǽˡ
ǲ
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Ļ˶ƹĻҲҲ
󸻾ľΣƵǰһӳȥȻ뵽ɺһ̧𣬳ŻƵı˳ȥ
飡
󸻸߾ͷͻأһ׹еԴһ죬ҵһγԵȥ
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󸻺޲ýľ̻صʱһӾȻҲԼҡ
Ϸ𣿡ֶⲽƵǰȻվһȥȵҿϷȣ
ҪԩģԩġڵأߵҸͲϷҲû͵Ǯԩġ
ˣ˵ҽֻ̫࣬뿴ϷֶһƵļ򣺡ᣬأ
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ƻûüڣ֮ǰǻͻȻ
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Ʋͷ±Աߵһ˻·ɿƹӿ϶Ǳʯ͵ȥˡ
ʯ͵ȥˣֶȻһЦ仰ܷϻ
ģ˵ġæ͵֤ݣ֤ݿ֤ʯ͵ġ
ŶֶЦ˵˵ʲô֤ݡ
˿ҧʵϴǸߵĻǱԩġ
һ֪Լԩģ׿˳ϣоЩԳ֡
ϴǸƱԩģ뿴Ϸʲôϵֶ
йϵȻйϵƲͷǸƱԩΪϰ߹ǿ˳ۣϸµĹǮֶ˺ܶࡣԣŰƸߣ취ܲ׬ӡ
˵ʲô󸻵ɴ۾¶׹ϴζʮӣ͵ȥģĻˣȻҺ͵ӣҴǡ
죡ֶȵ
󸻾İƣ˰;ҲǣҲǡ
һȥٸҴҿϷҶ㲻ֶǳ
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ƵͷҲȥˣһһʮǴһϣ뵽һһõİ취Ǿ취һѹ̨ϵԿףȻñߵĻһڹ̨ʱ򣬰ѳӸ͵ߡ
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ĵǷӣ±ۻҪ㣬ûаѹ̨ĵ¶ȥлһΡʯ˵£ٻȥˣҲ¿϶ĸһЩӡƹҪǲţȥ̨϶档
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һ·ҴҸֶ̨Щпϰ壬ȺȺܵļƻԵҪ֣Ҳֻܹ̫̱ˡ
ҪȻԲڰлƶƵ̶ȡڴ󺺹Ƶҳ϶Ȼͦߵġ󲿷ֻƣ㱻ѣҲٻ飬˵Եֶţ˵ǣϿֵҲָ
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ֶЦЦȭſУ¼ǮȻ֡
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ΣҲûлع


250 Ĵʯͷ
βͣСӿڵϣ̽ͷŴԽ
ڣȺУֶӰֳһϲϸһȴ澹û
ǲǲԸּǿջ»˰̣ԶԶģһ񱼶Ӱϰµָƽ
ȵֶԣҲ׷ȥĺһƹ񣡡
ֶ˵ͷЦؿջ㰲ס쿪ʼּǿջһԱˡúĻּǿջǲᱻġ
صͷȵֶԺϳԯһݳʻС
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ּǿջ60%
Ӫҵٶʮʮ
ʯ1521/3200
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ͷ60/70
35/35
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4/5
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˵ʮӣʮʯҪлƳ˶˽ԼȻǵһõģȴٵʮǮ

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ֶЦͬãһܷ֡־¥ôӦԣΣһһӰ


260 ϰ
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ûеȶãżҿջƹȺ󵽴︮ãתܿɡ
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ֶΪʲôôüͷ壺ԽԷѹ¥Ǳ棬ΪṩϢǻȡ
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پͷţּǿջԴԴϵĴ룬һôּǿջЪҵ
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264 
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ٶ֪Ը³ԾСҲһ϶ʲô
µļ۵һҷ־¥ų̂Ļ˵ÿҾ¥ֻ̨ƹƹȨ
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265 ΥԼ⳥
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ҡͷϲԽﶼ˵ģЩͽĲϣͬԿƸ߽Ĳϡ·棬ʯĩпĳֲ¸µҩۡ
ᰵԸ񣬼񵽰ѾŽҲôŶԣֶѯʵԲõ棬ʲôô
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оǣԵֵ𵶵ĸ߽᰿ڵͬĹ⣬ǿǷн𵶵ֻҪܵס𵶵ĸ߽ƾ翲ܿ󲿷ֹѶ̫˺
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Ҹү渵ͬɽҲһЧңЩԳ͢թΪϤ衣Ƕԣһүת̻ĽչֻǸЦ


274 ӳ
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һʮ꣬ڴ󺺹żүͻȻϳʹ䣬轨Ժ
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ǬʵۣǿλʮƨɵµĻλȷѪɱġҪӲͬɽʿûпӮµĿܡ
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276 ѧҼ漫Ʒ˷
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οƿһŲСĺɫҩᰵУ󣬱˵
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ĻֶƿջĿġóڲţӴ˺ʹͨϵǸ֣С˵ˣӶ˹ԺѧġڿջֻңĿҲֻ࣬ҪǼ֧Ȼд֧͹ˡÿĿҲͼӶѡ
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277 ſջ
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279 
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򣬶Ѿ˼ˣ׷أ͵õֿ˭ֲ˱ˣڱĿҲߴ˾ųɡңҲڻҸѣڵʵڵĺôñŸϡ
˵ʵֶڵ鼼ǱȲЩЧҹŻڵĵӡΣزǹŻڵˣôԸ⣬Ҳ޷صľϾԼ͹ŻҲֻѹϵһ鵤һֲ԰Ȧ
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ֶü΢˼˵ᰵʵ͸߽ʦǱڣһڵڵ˶šȻΧĵƵڲòƴ
صͷƹνüɽ֮е֮ء
ֶȻЦôĹףûôҰɣ
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ĺӶȥʯˣ͹Żڵľһҳϵĵӣһס
Ҫ󣬰ġ
û˵ɡֶε
ƹġѾʧˣرеƷɣӦò̫⡣
ǿ֮
ֶ̲ס˴Ĵָ


287 Ѱ
̸ףͬţһټӣһͨŵｻỳǣһ˵
ûκ⣬Ըһüɽ
ڽỳǵһʱԺ󣬶˻صǣճ䲻ãԺڣķ첽˽
ִ磡ֶ¶ϲɫ̲סһ
΢΢üִ֣ôԽԽˡ
ȵǰֶЦʵ׼ˣ
صͷЩڣ޲ܷɵڡ
ǰôʱˣҲ֪ͳôˡķЩĵͷ
İɣֶЦϢûĻǶȻһǬûбʳرңڴûȣʵڿסҲһ
ִ磬лл㡭ҧ촽֪˵ЩʲôźáһˣʵףΪһ֮ԵͿղŶԹݺ壬ôҲ벻ԱԼĻ
лʲôпҼ͹ˡֶЦŻֵ
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ֶķǸǣƥԾӺԺţһ·ų⼲ۡ
˳ţһ·ֱУֶһ
ŤͷһٵԵС⣬غֱɡ
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صͷעʺѾȫ׼ˡ
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һƱԵֵˡ
ŤͷĹŻڵӣֶپһɺӿҲܻ᲻ήڹŻڵĿеˣ͵һһӣ
˫һţµ쳤˻󣬽׳̤֫˼£һ֧
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ǼȥıӰһãȻֱףγѡ
ͨüɽĹٵϣ˲ʱһɳǧ׵Ĺ̡
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ƽʱصʵԲɫǱڡֶ翲ҲûпܡǿڲʱҲ˲ÿĶʯ⻹ڣѾȫ
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ӦĽԻĽϣᰵ
ϣֶΪ
᰻ͷЩ໥䲢ų⣬Ϻ𵥶õҪǿʮԻһǻһɱһ󡣼ǿ󣬻ҷӦʾáڵ˵м佻õšû´ĻӦҲȫϡ
ֶͷֻԲϣеƫµŵУѾܽļˡٸ߽׵ЩҲǸۡ
һԣ׵ü̽վڵûңʯĻӦֻһѡ
ᰵͷط棬ص΢΢Ƭ̣ڵӦҪһʱҵʱ䡣кԺ취ѻƵ
Уصͷ
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ǰû᰾Եʵˡ
ͣʵﵽʲô̶ʱöȻ𣺡׼
΢Ŀۣ˫У˲ʱʮźɫĵͽ׵ҩ
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һŵҩʯڵ˲䣬ɵ·ʲôһ죬ʯȻһģˡ
ƽϢֶ̲סֳһĻߵС
ʮڷŵĴϣŶ顢ֻű࣬Է򵥡
ˣЩױ·СֽǽЩͼֵߵĻȥ˼ķա
ڵķ񣬿νĵλ


288 
ȫڣҲٶյ˼Ҳô۵ıֶ꣬
᰺ضǸֶֶɼʵغ󶼸㶨ˣ
᰻ͷ
ֶϲȲĳһŴܡ
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ֶͣ˲ʱϲˡ
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ҵǮ;ģԺҪȱתʱȫᰵһЩеŵĲر伸Ȧ
߽ʦţ
ֶ˿Ľսƶ̨һ˺СֽҲ˽ȥ
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ֶȻֵ棬Ѿٿˣ͵Ҳǧʲôʲô͹ˡ
ԶԶģִֶ˲ƣɨŸܣЩЦãЩ⣬ۼֵ㲻ʲôͷô߽óȫ㹻ˡ
ؿֶⴿǼɽԼȴСʯͷޱԡ
ֶ߽óȥĻ鷳Щױóȥ˲Ҳɽѡ
οЩ׵ıȥӣٻʯƾС԰ͬȸֵ߽С
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ֶһЦŤͷأЩ˵Щҵģô˵ҲѣվǱְɣ
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콣ڵļ̳˶Щױ֣ԼһСŵʲôߵġ
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񲻿ɵ֮һ·ڴſƽԶԶģǬϼ׷
˵飬ҡ
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ǬڰһƵһΣֶ׷أһץֱۡ
˵ٶȣ˲ӿʱͰǬ˸˦һЩ


289 һһ
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һͬУÿһڣ˼ҾˣֱԼһǶǬ滳ǹѶԷԳҩˡ
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ĵĻ縮꣬һƫһСܹġԺ󣬸ĳڶӦŶԡ
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Ҫǲģ
ˣһڵĵɣԥֶҡͷ
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ֶɿԵᰣʱ˷ڿ羰棬ŵҲܹܡ
ţ첽ǰУ·δ˵ĶԻ


290 ҪŬ
ᰵ̬ȣֶĴǲɸһĨЦ⡣ԼλԸšºͣ츳˿ɼȴȾ˿ݣҪϷȥǾǸԶ뷲Ů
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ֶᰣѹû̫ЩᰣĸԣСＤ˿ֶЩˬαֻ˺سֵܣȫȻ˺Լ˿׼䣬˳ǣڲرһױҲ˼ƽϡ
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⣬ϣǬһڳϺ͵ĴѰҵߵӰʷɱ˫֣Ǭֵڻڡ
صڣȴ֣αѾ˷ųҲĵˡ
ǿƣαַųԸڼ̵ĻǬͷԣеӵα£ǵѡ˳
һαڸΧס
ŴսأۿԽԽ٣ǬѾޱͷֻɱüɽȻһᶫɽ𡣴ӣһ졣
ڣһֱæſֶЩͲסˡ
뷨ӦֻҪȳαºʹǬˡ
ٳûȻûԼԤƵô򵥡
˵ĻǾ͵øɵǬھ󻼲С
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װ˷ôõʱ䣬·;Ҫûںڲرһıֶ˵ɾЩˡ
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ֶһҲû˭кҹǱڡ
һ·Ѳ飬ᰵٶȺʵüɽȻСҲ̫ѡ
ѭŴ򶷺ڵӵ׷һ·ȥɫһ͵ĲݵڷǬټ
ݵϣڣżѪյǬֳ齣ͼӱսӣͼһѲӵӡ
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᰾鿴Ƭ̲ݵΧҡͷӦÿԸڵĳϹ֮ǰɱǬȻ˳뿪
УһжǬôֶѯʵ
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ͻȻֶɫ齣ΪŵĴϣǬһоǣ˽ǷƷ
󣬱ĵӿĺ⡣
˿ԥǬһӣ齣鳤ʣµȣնȥ

齣סɲǣǬֻе齣Ȼ˼֣һδ֮ʱնһƿ
ͻ䣬Ǭεѣӿұۣƴֹס齣ն֮ơ
ؽΪʱۿγεĽߣǬٺܿ
δֱӣûüһתǬʺб̶ȥ
ǬҷܣȻʧƾôҲǽ׷ᡣУѾƵæҡ
һʧ룬ХһѪصᰵС
һУֻǺ飬ҹɫ赲һ˿ԿǬΪͻȻұܣһͷء
ǬԵڵأϣֻкϵͳʾֶ֮˿
ڣŻ֡
߰ɣ
ʣµڵӣֶûгֵͷЩӣΣڵĴϵͳҲ˱̬ǵһ񣬷Ļ㹻ְüɽΧˮйͨҲ©֮㡣
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кһֶѸٺˣͷһȻץס
˷ӣصʱѾֳһĨǰס
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ɣڵѾòˣڻΪڲʵǿһڡ
һУڰصԤƽС
ֻʱʾڵʵĵòԺ󣬾Ƿ񷴻֮ʱ
񣬾ʣһ


291 ɢ
˹Żڵʵιնˣȴ˸ᶨ˵ͷһο϶ڡ
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Ϊڲдʵһû뵽ƾŹһʱ䣬ھ١
ҪȥڣõڵͲر鼼ռΧڵĿʯȴϼѡ
һֹܿܵڡ
ȥˣһڣȻŻڵʧ֮ǰ£ѲСҪȻʧأæڵĿϾڣֻǵõһر󣬶˵Щֵ
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ʱѾαڳϺ͵ֵ棬ֻظֶŻڵһӰ
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δȶãα˳ɱ죬ʷһڳʿ䣬ȳ
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ۿ齣ϮֶһҧаȥƲģڵһ㣬ӶԷĹ
ƣڵһԱȣԼɵ˺Ҫ֣ˣȻɵ
˵һʲҲԺùȥۿֶȷʵǴԼˣڵƣӿǿֹסƣ峯бܿͷµİʡ
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ڵӴ󺧣ݷӦףǰ˵ʵҪʤԼһ
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غαµĽףڵ鼼ҹڣʵԵĺôڹŻڡ
ȽϣŻڿν񣬼ȫõԼҪĺôغͳǣԭûָüɽŻڵĴӪڹŻڣǨǲԣƹȴԲӦ
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294 ظ
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һץסֶļ򣬶ŵڵһɳ졣

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ȻߴȡٶȵȻ졣
ֶͣЩգô򵥵ķȻû뵽


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ͷ˵齻ͶԷ뷨ЩȣȴܱǿԼҪá
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𣿡ֶЦЦڣšڼײзų׹ʣĵʽ˲޸΢΢һת絶һ棬ų̱Ŀ¼ն
·Х̱żֶĪ鼼ʶ˫һƵȴֻǺһ죬˱㲻ܿƵķ
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ҾùˣֶЦЦü΢У˲ıʣһʣ̼۳һ򡣶ͬһ㣬գۼա


300 ӱɽǰ;
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Ҫٸ˵ֻҲʦáĿģֻǸͶ£ֲǶܡ
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˻ͣһԣֶΣλҲ֪̫ѿջƹ񵱳ˡ
󡣬Ҳû˭涨һԲİɣ
û취ǰֶԣұһ죬ĪȻĿУᰵ§ס
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Ī˲ɳֶֻ֣ͣü˵ʲôȴ·𱻶סɬʹ
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ԽԽԳѯԵɵ𺳣˵ĺԽԽѣյ¾еҲܿƣʵ൱ԵʣǲȺһѪ
˵ֶΣᰶЩɵˡ
ơʦ㡭һѪѦ籾úܶˣĿⲻСĿֶԺ󣬺ٶȼ
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ֶЩԼһʱˬ˸Ѫˣ⻰һ֪Ѧ˺᰹ϵǳҪȻԲᰵĺû콣ڵӰ졣
ֻҪ콣ڲ˵û֪Ժнİ취ε
ɡɡѦֶָĵʦ㣿֪ʦ㿴ϷʦֵİҲҸϲ
ǰĪЩĿֶȰʦҪҸˣ㲻콣ڵĵӣ᰽Ϊѳ콣ڣֻҪʦϲЩʦʦãȻ泤ǣ϶Ҳᰵˡ
ֶӵƣòʡλȷʵΪ룬йһʸԴưĳ嶯
֪ΪҺãǶֶ˽⣬͡
᰻û˵꣬ǺȻ죬Ѧ齣ֱȡֶʺ
ĪһҲӴó齣һ
ΪʦҸ㱻ʦһŭ֮¶Լɱ֣ˣҲһҪɱ


309 ʦ
缲ХɭȻĽֶֻһɺҲЩЦá
ԭΪᰵĹϵλ㲻Ҳüɵ֣룬ܲҶʲôɱû뵽Ȼ䱾кһɱ֡
ֶ֪ԼǸƿջƹݵ£ǸøпᰵԵòŶԡ
˸죬һĨԻصᰵСĪˣ˼ЩȵĿᰡ
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ѦһľϲڵõԺĪҲϲɫ֣ʦ㣬ҸղĽӰʵͻˣ
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أ
žӢӵĶȻ޴棬˧Ůֱɨȥ˵ɴ飬˹졣
ǰͻھأﵽһءųŲһʱ䣬Ȼ磿
磬ڣҲ˵ǿ֮ͨ˶ԣܽŰʦˣȫ츳ڣһšһ˵֮ڵģֻЩžĵӲЩˣڶĴųϡ
ͬЩӢʮڵģʮ棬ҲܳΪŵ
Щ츳ﵽ壬ʸΪż̳˵ĵӣһأҲҪһʮʱ䡣
Ȼм˴ⶥ۷塣ЩˣʱҲᳬʮٵʱֻЩ˶ԣʮ֮ǰﵽڲѣѵֻͻԺ󣬻߶Զ
˶ᰵ츳ʹⶥ۷֮УҪһأԾҪʱ䡣
ҪС磬ٶȣʮ֮ڣܹͻڡﵽеţһҲ󼰵ĳڣΪһй۷ǿߡ
ʮ۷ǿߣʵ޷ܡ
ĪѦ˵飬ЩΣٶȣȷʵߵЩˡ
û취Ƭ̣᰽͵ʱ䣬ͻС磬һΪǵıڵеõ˼һЩġ
˿ȻԲλȴֲ˾̫Ʈʦ㡣Ҫ츳ߵ۷ǿ߶޷ĳ̶ȣУѾ߲ʵļˣʦôƽ׽ˣΪϣѾʧȥ׽ʸ
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ᰳһ£͵һûȫҲժˣڶа꣬ʶһʦ취ܲоһִ߳ǵҩʧˣܻٵЩ߽ģԣҲͳ𡣡
æͷ콣ڱţҵ߽ģɻ뾡취ֲšԶ˶ԣܻݵֻͽﱲľӢӡ߽߳ĵҩЩڵľӢֻǸЦ˵⻰ᰣ˵Ц˵ܲܰͱֻ£ĪѦˣҲɵһĳɹʡ
ˣûµĻ콣ڡδֶԽ©Խ࣬Щεٶ
˵ͷȻ»û꣬뿴ֶĿ⣬ֺ
ֶϵǱԽĪ˻콣ԺҪ˵©죬ΣҲԽᰱǲö֪̫ܣɱȴֲòٶȸֶһĪеĹ⻷ֶãи߽ģߣʦȷֵġ˵ܴﵽأĹڣһڴﵽҲ˵
ֶԼ˱ˡ
˺ɵĶֶ´ϻЩ޷ޡ
ĪԥѦȴ˼ɵȻЩôʦҲΪʵһʦ츳ͬи˿ɼ̫׷ʵˡٲУ˶Щôˡ
Զԣֶ̾˿óŶ˻˻Σɣ첻Ǽʶʶ϶һջƹûʸһˡ
˻һۣӶԷп˾ϲԽŵĿᰡǴӦĿŵԸλƹĻᡣȻ˵ܶʦвСİɱǲɱģȴ޷
ֻҪݣλƹϲʦ㣬Ȼ°Լλáģ͵͵ʸȥʹܹܡ
ᰲɿֶɶ˵һǧĴ򷨡
ֶ˼½ǣ⻰ıҪ޷һжǾԲͬģ˵ԼĴ򷨡
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ΪҲ֪ʲô⡣ᰵܵѵҲܸĸĲ˷ϰߡ
ĪЩˣ⻰ĿôԼ䲻Ӯһ
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ĪļֶЦĪʦܹԣȰһԴҽһö񡣡
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ͷĪѪܵģѦ̲סŶ䣬ʦ򣡡
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ŵӣÿ˶Ҫϰ
ĪܵвϱͲʲôУĪ̫ԩͶ仹пԭѦʵЩ˵ȥͷС졣
룬ͷС첻Ŷս۾
ֶȴ֪ŵҲˣǰ󲿷ֻͬͨˣ˶ܴѵӵķʽЩ޷ܵĵӣųɾŶǱšȻҲû⣬ҪΪҲ̫ѣ츳ǿų᲻ø߾ˡ
Ѧ磬֮һ츳˲żüõ콣ں󱲵ӵУȽǰʮˣʵս鲻ǿƾ辳ϵƣͬҲܱ콣ڵɾӢ
ΣᰰԴĪ̲סˡһ˶һص콣ڣѦʦôҲ϶ѽ¸˵ȥ
ʦ㣬ȫԷģԲԼô˵˵ȥ
ΣѦΣֶʵ᲻Ȥѵһ½ڵҩЧƶ̨óֻʣСˮĪ
ʲôĪ۵
ڵķӦҩЧļޣ๻ĩڡֶ赭д
ڵһ˵ģ
Īӵɴ˼֣ȴ޸ղһ̵ơ


310 αµв
Ī飬ֶ׷
ŵӣͬҲˣףǲá
ֶͷЦ͸һ˵ģҪҪ
ҪȻҪĪæˮؿڣһ£ߺߵΪʵǿһ˲𣬸ʦԶԶ䡣
𣿡ֶջƶ̨ʣȻ֡
ĪһۿѾ߿ʸ߸߻ֶղŵĺݾʦҾôһ˵
ֶЦˣʧУһ죬ͣĪǰ
ĪһһЦץֶ֣˳վ
ˣסһʱߣֶѯʵ
⡭ĪԥˣĿᰣǰãʦ
ססɣȰ㻹ȥ᰺һԵֶֶ˼ĪסڿջҸеĶ֡
ֶУɱŵӼҪࡣ
סȻҪס¡ûĪڣѦ㲻ͣʹɫȻش
ĪһЩѦ˼ˣּǿջȻʵԺ취ֶ
һ磬Ѿֶ鼼һ˽⣬ĪȫԷΪʤ֮ǰһĻлƣҶѾ˼ʦˣӰҲ˵ȥ
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ᰵͷδʱβԣҲ޷Ѧ˼ֶҲܿȻֶںӦнİ취
ȻĪýʵʵԴֶЦȻطͲˡ
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ֶȻһЦȻûѵʦ򣬶ҽеô˳Ȼٲúôƶ̨óһˮڵѦ磬ֶЦһڵ㿴ŷãҩЧԺ󣬶ģԷָʦֵܡ
ллʦ򣡡ѦĽһæˮս䣬Īڵʦ㣬ȥźסȻ㡣
ᰵͷĿͶ˽첽߳Ժ֮󣬿ֶ룬ЩĵӦûûȫ
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ص䣬ֶе붨״̬
һȥ̻֪ϢнڵİĪʵͻͽԭѾﵽصʵڶڵʮҲɹͻƵء
صʵֶҪһ磬ʱĪȻءѦܲѪȣȻʤ䣬ȴΪ²Сİһʣ˵ʲôҲԸĪֶ֡鼼ƣĪ鼼ָƣȻһЩҲܱ֤սʤ
Դˣÿ˺ۣĪȴ֮Ȫܸоǿȵͻͽʵս顣ܸоֻҪڰأսʤֶʮþȡ
ǰ̻֮ϢӾǴϵϣּͨǿջ
˽һµϢֶޱȡ
̻᷽棬Ǭʵ۵ľѡʮΪԵ㣬ڳﱸãһһʽʵʩһ˳ƹ㵽еط
ʮԵ㵱УϿȻСҲζţ縮Ҳڡ
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䣬ֶԤУɵĻǣܿܶʮСҲζţ縮һĿԼߡ
ܲңֶԤӦˡԴϢԡԱˡ³ӿȫѾѾⶨûĻƾ̻ⳡ𣬸صĹԱᷢһϵб䶯һϵб䶯У仯ĵΪԵʮ
ʮϽĸظĸ٣ϵõϢϸԿ϶ǣаίѡ
һ֪ͬݣھǵȻ֪ⶨеȴҲ֪³ĻѾȫͨһȫֵʮϽĸáң٣걻ˢĻҲһͨߴʮƾһռɶ֪
ʣµ֪ȫʿϷ֡
縮֪ѡȷΨһȷǣѡǻӾʿˡԭڣϵõȷϢеⳡôսȵǬʵۣʧ䲻Եĸãȴʤ֪
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죬ôûּǿջˡ
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ֶ΢ʱȻûⶣһҪܡǣӦҲµҪ̶ȣȻΪѡ
ɳ֮⣬α»ʲôԼ
αϿȴϳȵ飬ܿ죬ֶֽ뷨
Ҫ˵ĻαһǿģӣܺһΪŷݺһջƹƽȽףֺãҲڿͰٶ
ٶǼֵƣȴֻ
벻ֶֻͨЦǰֶĵϰæ֣ʲôԸ˵
α²ֱֱֶ
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ֶĮȻӣȫʧȥ˺α¿ģûµĻˡֶԶˡ
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һֱʧߵУֶϯض񣬴ú⾪趴ҪЧҪŪ֣ʧΪӵһ


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Ц𿪵һͲҽʾ֭һˣˣ˵縮ִ硣
ôҳϹϵˣֶ˵еĻӶͨ𣿡
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ǰ㣬ֶţԼеĵλ˵ȥͻȥһ仰˵ȥԲʥּС
ʱյĿ࿴ֶֶȴƶǰ㣬Բǰ㡣
ǰ㣬ϻۣȴСѶϡֶ⼸ϢĽǣڵ㣬ȹ
ȻڵֶҲͬǰֶôãĻжضҲӡеֶ
ɫշõһֶۣԿ϶Ҳаϵʱ䡣
˰ϵʱ䣬ȴϢҲûдӸ͸¶Բͨ˿ġͬ˵ûʲôĿģԲܡ
ֶֽΨһĥ͸ģĿꡣ
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Ҫ˵츣һգֶȴһЩֶţ󺺹ڣԼ͸һҵ֮⣬Ժҳڶֶĺù١
Ǻù٣Ͳмֶѹĥ¹Աȫǵĸ̾޼֡
ľֽԸֶȰˣĿ⣬ʼնֶϡ·ĿֶֻһʮĿˣͲڡ
ΣٶվŲĸ̾޼ԱΣգߣѾ˼١һ˵㣬ԾɴŵģУȴǲӿ
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ִִ磬㿴͸ˡһЦͷ
ҪæңֶЦ㣬ǰԼԿգȴԿܰɵǰǸԸǱԼǸ㡣
˵ʵֶţӦòȫҪȻҲñֵ˹ֻ֣ƽȶԴμ縮иӰ쵽֪ˡ
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һģڵ㣬ֶȴøҲûС
˵ãֶûϰߣΪּǿջܹܿղϷչȥȴòһߣѻĵط
лִ磡
лһĿ⣬ԴԺ󣬵һڳ˰ʱĿǡ
ЩӲЦݣɼ˼֡
˵Ц޶ãһţһдӬͷСֵֽС
еֽһţִм䲿λһţͷۺĿż֪λǺ̵ϰ壿
ʡӵ¡̵ϰҶεѣҪУȶȴѣôҲ޷Ų
ڵ縮֪ǻӡ㵭סˡ
ǣ̨ˡҶ˶ǲͷ
Ҷϰ壬鷳ǰһˣЩѯֵ
ҶңǰûֹƹҪùںˣ˼ƹ񲻵ûùҼ𾴡Լȴ˵һֻŻӵļ
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ŲΡΡ߼Ҷϣ˿ķꡣһ޲ýҶܵǰ£Ҳ֪֣ĵ
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еֽҶǬʮ꣬ǿŮСΪ檣ˣһǧ¡Ǭʮһִ꣬ӽ۴Ϲ¡Ǭʮ꣬ǽϰϷͻͨʱ֪½ǪܸǽϰٽΣͣҵǬʮꡭ
ͨһҶڵأƴģ
Թ˽Ҷһ̧ͷѯʵҶ֪
ԩ̨ԩҶĸҳϣæĳԩͣүλӵµĿթӶΪǰߵĻӵθȻСȴֽѡǺߣ¾ڽˡ
ԩ𣿡
㽫еֽ˺ƬڵϣһţһλεıȻ֡
һΣ˲ʱҶǰһݺݳؿڴȥ
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˻Ȼһ¶š
͵Ļᶼλ֪УٲȻǸɱ˿
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һЩ뿪ˣŵͣ˿Ŀ⣬ħ˾֡
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˸ѹֶΣһٽͷȫСôռҪ֪ǻҲֻ죬Ͼڳ˷ǸһЩԱ涼ЩֶȻѪ𺳣ȴѱİϱȥʱܱܿһЩӸϣҲѲƤ
ʧܵĺ޴󣬳ɹĺôȴ㲻ʲôһɹƾѹֶסЩԺԻӵ֮ҲһڰǸץжѡ棬һӶ㲻ʲô
뾡ӵλʱĻһӵݸֶΣŲɸ߷յ
ִ磬ٶȣаɣȻŤͷֶ
澭Ŵ鶯һشﵽ鶯أ˼ױֶ
һЦתϵǵֽ˫ֵĿУ·λóһš


316 Ϥ
ľٶǵֽζʲôɣ棬ȫռ֤
ôһûҲһʮš˵ڳˣпֽС
ԭһֲֶЩͷ֮ƽҲؾصĳҲ
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ǺֶЩͷ֮ĳԱЩһμֶˣҲͷ鿴ֽʱĿֶ
λǳĲų̴ˣ
ȴٻĲһģһƨڵءˣ׷Ĩ˰Ѷͷĺˮŵǿ
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ĲŶɸҲԼλͬţҪ˫֣ȴôҲٶֺΨֱǨŭ¹ɲκ⡣
㲻ųĲš
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亹ڳĲŵıӿҵҪȴʼԸҶҪࡣ
ϣֶƵᣬȴڰ̾
˵һǽִǺǰһƹǲּ֪ǿջϵĲǰֶǵã͸¥ʱ򣬻רȥ¸Ĳš˵Ĳǳּǿջϻ֮⣬Ψһϳˡ
겻ı仯Сʺݷ棬뵽ּǿջĻơô䣬ٻЩǰӰӣô볹Ĩȥ󻼡
ĨȥķɱĲţⱲҲûеȥϸ۲㡣
ֶҿ϶ľֹһѡǰ׼ǳĲŻ֮ǰҶӦöõѡ
һԩҶֶȷţ˵ļҵ˵Ӧôµĳ̶ȣûʲô̫ıŻӵļʺϲ
ڳĲţһĨ򡭡ֶʳָô棬ԼͷתΪ׵ĽɫָóΪͷˡ
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Ĳųһ֣ͬæһѣ˼ȴ顣
ͬŹûпĿбӵĿ
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ȴͬλлеĵλΣƾݣͲһСǵĴٹܹġ
޹Ĳİɫ̧ͷ㣬ͬһ˵ͬڱѵУ䳹顣
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㲻Ťͷִֶ磬㡭
ȷʵˣֶЦŹֵӵ顣
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ѾѳĲŲϣ˲ˮ֮ʣٶȳһֽ
ƹңƹҡĳȥּǿջһֱԵƹ񣬿ĳУƹһֱĳΪƹ񣬾ҡ
ˮĿ࣬һȥ˵ĵһӡӲһԺ󣬾ֶܺʶȴޱǵĹġףԺӣΨһܾһˣֶֻ
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Ըϲŭ޳ĻӵҪȥּǿջԭ˵ҪͬеˣȻɵҪһȥ˵һȥĻܻλӵ¸ӡ󣬰ӡˣٶӡλӵȴó㣬ͬеĻ״
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ҲŲòһִ磬òոѹǡʱ̫ˣұ뾡콨Լһʱھۼ縮е
Щ˵㻹ֶɵ˵̫ӣ򣬻ΣײĺӦ֪ҵƢ˵ûǸʵǸʵҲԲܰƹǮӣܳΪǮӡڶүǱߣּǿջĻҪǸ跨ȥ㣬ҵһʱͻᷭ
֪㻺꣬ȷʵ˺ܶࡣһǾԲģǾǶִͶүӵĸмϣײϵˣҲִֻͶүӡеطִ绹ԭ򣬽ǲִҡ
ֶĬȻ㱼䣬ǰ㣬ƺֻصǰ
ܸоõ㲢δ˵ѡʱ䣬ı仯ȷʵǳ͵ҰģѾֶĳ̶ȣǿҰĵԾּǿջһƷ㡣
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ֶţּǿջΣУȻҲͬѡ񡣴ˣɽɽˡ
㻹ûﵽΪ˻λײϵĳ̶ȣֻҪغûӵĴڣּǿջڲвҪʲôѹǻҲԲŪʲôֶΡ
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ףϵĿ⣬ֶѯʵô
ִԸңϲԭڿǣôִһء
ȻӶٵˡֶЦû취˭縮֪㣬Ҫһּǿջɽ˵ĹɾּǿջŴ󼪡
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ƹȷʵǸƶĽ޲ԣԼ˿ƹ
˵ɣֶ赭д̫ˣɱҾܾ
ѣ֤һ㶼ѡĵԺЩ˿϶½ݷִ磬ִ絽ʱֻҪһǴ򷢵͹ˡִ֪ÿ춼ҪæҲԡ
æǲ̫ѣֶͷѵˣȷʵǵɱȨЩˣҲǸǾ֮ܡ
ףͷŵҲЩ˼˭ҲûлŸ룬Ҳ˵ԮֻȥšͳˮҲǾĵѡԭֻھеһϵ̫ԶȨҲ԰ȥ˵ڵˮֻûҪҰһһȥһˣֻҪ֣Ҹ̲ǵˣԱ֤ʱ˿Դųȥ
˶٣ⱩǣֻҪһµʱ䣬ʮɵİտ԰ο֣ϾЩ
ͣʣµģòŸ˵ˡ
ֶ˫΢գųᣬ棬޷ǽץȨȫвȻûӵݳŵ棬ЩҲ׶˵
ͷų֡


317 縮
صջһſͣӴӭ
㣬סˡ
ϳʱȻּǿջûã̻ؾϦദҲһʱ䣬㣬ӡȳĲſҪࡣ
㣿Сѯһ䣬Ҳ޹ô겻㲻òı࣬ʸ췭ظһʱȷϡ
Цŵͷ
ˣϲҪǰȣһ٣϶Ծ㵡
㣬֪Ҳ㡣ңƹȥøģʱȴǰ뿪ջԶǵ㡣ôɺϣҲɺϳɣ
ңϣұܡЦ
Ҳңһ֣ԼһջĹ£ĸҵһλӳΪ硣
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ͷһԵֳ޵ֵȥԺ
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˵ʱֱӽͿˡЦˣԲóƺҡ
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ãֻҪһɹɷݺʱܹ֧ȡҵͳɣӡЦǺǵһС֪ʱûطõϡ
⻰˵ǸϢֶЦŵͷ
һԣզ࣬ƹƹ˵ڿջƣ˼ұϾǻӣ赭д̶ֳȣҲƹһˡ
ԺʯԣʲôֶĪѦץϵİվ
ʦǻˣ죬ˡ
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㣿᰿㣬Щɡ
ң
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ţͷ϶ԼеĲ²⡣Ĳ˵겻ĻƹִǰĸԶԣЩС¿϶ᶪ²ܡ
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һ˴ǣһƥ˳Ժӣ߱ģʱҹĻѾ¡
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ֶһߵǣһ߽һ顣
˵ߣӺŻصջ谵ԺֻʯˡһһֶЩ⣬ɡ
Ժôˣֶ̲סһ䣬֮ǰܿȥһϳԺѾǼˣû뵽ɾȻǧϳǡ
ƹҵ縮ˡų룬ȻԵõڿʼҾǸԺԺˣⲻյΣ֪ͨˡ
ֶԺˣ
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Ψһ⣿ֶãȻ⡣
ԺԺߣߣȻʲô¶ʵΪȡɽ͵һԺԺʮ첻ȥԺǳ¡Ҫ¶ȥһˣЩ˵ȥˡԺǴŪ˼Ÿ߽ģһʱ£ȻŽаûȥԺ縮ԺĹ³ԵǼǾҪЮܻ¸ԺҲͳ⼸һյĸԺԺã˳ƶ
ֶȻ£˵ԼǵĻϣæȥԺʱ䶼ûУȷʵΪµ˲ٸ߽ġЩ߽ģԹŻڡ
⣬ֶ̲סŲԺԺǳԺչ٣Ժ̬ȣɲ̫á
ɻֵҲԺûȤԺҲǳſԶõ㲹ʱҵȫ͸ͳˡ
ԺõĲԺô죿ֶЦ
ҿɲƹڻͷϵǵ㵤ҩȻ
ҩǿˣԺԺҪϡпʯռϡв֮ģӦòѰɣֶЦʵ
ǻƹһ仰ɺԥܲ٣ָƹˣƹʲôҪܰ쵽ģ֤ж
ԺԺݣ΢˵㣬ԺԺȴвٿԽĵطֵֶϲԺƷԱ
ʲôԱƷѡǫѷ
ƷӦԱ˰ɣ꣬ұ֤ԺƷֶ
ɴϲаհڴһأ
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ˣҲֶ⻰Ͼٺõˣֺܸܲ¡ȻҲ⻰Ǽ٣ģֶֻʵǷˡ
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318 ּ
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ҳ϶ȷ棬ֶԤƵУ̱ĸԣǴ棬ȴԶԶ߳Ԥơã⣬׹˸ĳֶ̱ԽԽ˳ۣЦѵӦʶǿջĹ£ҴȥסȻ󾡿Ĳ׸дҪĲͳƳȡڣͿΡ
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УֻҪȷʵһһ磬ҿԱ֤Ժһӡ
ϲѡӢޱȡ
һͨ˵ֶôƶޱ˳ּۣǿջŴ㳹׶ˡ
ȻԸΪĴȻǰԱ


322 Ǯܰ׸
仹ûʽջϵͳΪּǿջŴȻԼˣƲֶܲɿᰡ
һᰱֶ˼ǰһӿС
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ϻֶȵѲɣҪ̧޶ޣϣңǸܣǴӹٵϣñͨ·ϲǵ·ߺĿĵء
㬲ſڵ׸ߵ޶ޣЩơ
ǧ˰ٽĶƵʵ̧񱼲޾ģˣңһϣΨԼʵЩӡ
̱ʱ֣ĵֶɨȱ첲ȵܿҲ˹е뷨档
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̱üƽС£޶ԣһץסƤë˿ȻӴ̧𡣶󣬳һĲԭӶȥ
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һЩֶ˼ʣȫֶ̫̬ȡôǶܵûڿأЩĸ߽鼼ŶԣĻֵǮ鼼ȴֵǷ˵λͻȻΪԼ˵ƹԺûе뷨˵ʲôҲš
ֶЦڵĳֻҪ㽻Ƕĵַ㲢ûдǶõôӦòɣ
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ֶһ㬣⻰˵ģԼ߰׸ǮǵûЩ¸һ
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ں͹ŻڷҪȻαôҲ˲Ŷԡ
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323 ϳǵ
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ϸֶһֶֹ˵˷ʱ˵һ顣
УͷֱϵĲֶһ֮ЦǺǸԼҲһ
ʱٶ˽
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ƹ磡
һߺֶ˵ͷһԡ

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ӵĳôֶ׷ʵ
УӺͻƶǸ߼ģҲԡһʱҲûֽŶͦڳӣǿջͨ΢˵㡣ܵ
ֶͷӷ棬Ļǳ̱ЩƷų棬ֻͨҪ¥̫гռӳɵĸȫֲƣٶȿ죬ʱգ¥Ĳࡣ
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Ѿڰƹͼֽ죬аӦþͿԽɡƵƹʲôݣʲôģ
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νּסͣⲻ֥
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أһĶ˵Ҳöʮӡ͵ֲŲҶɽأ֣˵ǳǶбһԭҿʹһĶ
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Ҵ㽨һֶƬ̣Цһ԰
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εͷ룬ϳǵСˣѾȫշǧӸüͷûж⡣
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ס޷棬Ҵĵּ档ֶڴáҵ뷨࣬棬ϰ취оЩʱˡңϳǱǴ߱ҪȫǺȫǣ˵Ҳðϵʱ䡣̫ˣ鸣¥ͷ־¥ӦԷʱ̫ࡣ
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С˰пӡˢĹ̶һʮʱӡֶһ˿ã̸̸ܲܰ䳡
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ˣȻȴҪ˳ö࣬ݡʼƹʱ䡢ֵܳͻ״һֱ賿ȷ


324 ɽ
ȵ뿪ֶٿƬ̣ȷûʲô©֮óīϸʳ顣
뵽ŵ뷽ģֶȫдϸķ棬ȱʧģȫں档
ЩֻдŵϺͷĸʳܲܳɹֶΪˣֻ֪ҪСĥɷۣȻ÷ͣȻú決棬׼ȷĹֶԴĽǷؼʲôģͬҲͿ
ʲôģֶ֪ܸţ̻йϵġڡҲһֶ벻κһϺͷޱϸɫ㡣
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æ磬дĶѾдеӵãֶǰԺ佻硣
æһУֶصԺ붨
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ƹһ£ּǿջ⣬ԽԽˡ
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ֶ̲סЦλθڻ湻ģȻһҪ֧ڷչ
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ûι̬ȰɣֶȻҺιֻѹϵңѾδŵˡ
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ԾαΪԼˣ⻰ôŶЩ߼
Ϊα´ͷٶ˷ʱ䣬ֶ෢ӵ˼£ƷҪǳˣֶⱲܴ衣
αµĻνŭݣʶƸ߸ȵžӿ룬ֶԴȥ
סҸղ˵Ļûбķܿ
ֶ䶢Яƿƣδ˶κζݡ˵α²ðգα¸ңҲܹһ˲ܿ
Хľ磬Ȼͣαµİƣ˰գҲ˵ҲǡӣǺΡ
䳰ȷƵ̶ֳȣ˵ܴ裬α¾ãܴ衣
ƫƫֲòҧʡ
һУΪ档˵ʮЩԤڣϵʵƾЩϣͬҲڵʵһȽס
Ĳ˵룬еŵн⡣
⣬Ҳα±׷ĿꡣеţڵӹǧһӦһ֮ΨҶ
˷ʱˣʲô룬챨ҡֶ
ʯʯ֡αҧгݵڣֻЩ
ΪռϷңֶȻۣοαµļ뵱УҲûҪĶ
ÿʮʮټһα½ֶ۾пκβԺƬ̣׷ӵƹӦòϿʯʯ棬ڳֻһʯȻСƽյöҲСÿһʯѾǼޡ֣ƹõϣֻҪ⣬ԸʱּǿջͷƽҲɳһӵּǿջ
ûɣֶָָԴαܻУɵּǿջñ˷ּǿջһŵĶٻߣɵӵּǿջ̽ʵԺóûˣ
αµؿڣ
Դ⣬һŵ˵Դ⡣
ֳ裬˭ܵˣαţ󺺹ҲԼ̿ܵˡ
еŭѹ£α³ƹϣԲҪ
ֶбα£ɲơҪĻתߡ
αºвϸԼһ䲻࣬һ䲻٣ô࣬ҲͲȱһˡţԺòѾ̽ĳԺٱĳҲ١
ɫһ˿ѿЦݣαѯʵƹѾļˣĻӰڵӵҪټЩʯ
ҪʯʲôûˣֶζЦš
αһԥƬ̣ҡͷ
⣬ɲֶʳָαǰζ
ƹҪʲô˵α³
ضֶҲٶȦӣڵҪض
αĿ¶֣ƺΪ˰ֶøһЩ̲סһ㡢ô֪ض
ֶ֪мΪʲô֪ض
㣬ģαֺޣŮһ׿ջƹҲͰˣȻܵض׸ˡ
ôֶǴȥԺιɣ
α²ȷʵ㡣
ĻҲò̸ȥˡֶ˵èҲȸ̸̹ܸ£ľιӡ
αٶҴʮ飬ŽΪèŭѹ
ƹģҶŮ츳ڵδô
𣿡ֶЦ
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ܣαҡͷһҵض˺İ취ضڶѣҲʵοҲ취ضԵӵҲв棬ңضҲһӴľʯɢʧȥõľʯҲôȻĶ
ôԣֶʵҪôļֵαҪʲô˵ҲࡣҸţʯһţҪж١
αȻλƹѹǴװͿּǿջΪԳȥСĽϢֲֻƹһ˲Ŷ
ôһʯ˵óȥ˵׷飬ڵӣҲڱȷȫŵĳϺ͵Ӳ֪µģϢ©ȥܿܵڵĺ󻼡
˵ͱø˵ʯôôֵǮֶͷԸԸ⣬Ҿ仰
ض޿ܡδ̸ֶα¾Լκͳ⣺ƹԸ⣬ǿ취һЩ
òϣҿ۵ĶҲֻضģǸͷѡֶ⣬Ҫֻ塣
壿α²ƹ˼ǡ
ֶ͵ضңڵˣϱҵԺҲңҲ˽ԲɼʯҲ˵ضԶڲȻǰ̫࣬ұ뱣֤ض⴫
α˲ʱ仯Ī飬ǿֵýܡֻҪ˽ԲɼʯڵĵӳҲڿֻǸѡ
ҪǣһʲôֲףԼֶ㲻֮䣬˭ȭͷ˵ȵڿԶֶ֣ܱ֤ضйԺٰ˸ϳضҲ١
㲻ỹѹ۰ɣҪĻֶվȻҿûʱȥ
Уͬˡα͸ֶƢһҧӦ
ֶѯʵ
ԣαصͷһԻǰ»Ҳ̫һЩ
Ҿ͵ˡֶЦǳ˵ǰˣ֮ǰ˵һִٻ߶ͻȻϮûҪЮԼ͵͵ּǿջҵֵַʲô뷨ԣȻǧҪ֤ᱻ֪֪һض⣬һ
αµ沿飬һξ
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أαһҧȻŲ׵ֶʺץȥ
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ûκԥֶһֱ߳ȡαµС
ȣƺٶȣα´ʧɫ
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ĸδʯ嵱еʯʣ·⵽쫷Ϯȥ
ʯ棬쫷ϯ£Ʒ
ҵģαˣʮ֮ſס塣
ٿֶֻ˼
ʵα¾Ī˵ԼڴֲµĻطһŰԼƵΣζţԷʵԼ
ھأ
ʮͷھصʵ縮ֵطҲ޿ܲŶԡ
ϾֲǳԵԽЧԽǿһԣҩЧҲǿСѡһǰڵңǿ硣
ܴﵽھأαػʲôջȥŻȥҪʲôûУ
˼ֶ꣡赭дĳα֣ڵȻѾһʯĻԡ
αº޲һԼһ⣬һʯһòⲻһСĿʡ£Ȼʡáǧ㣬ûϵλƹʵȥҲֻܹԼ̫⣬֪ȫ̽һ¶Էʵ
һҧα齣Ȼһ齣ֱȡֶࡣ
ֻԶԷʵսǷпɳ֮ˣԷûʲô鼼Ļͬ޷˸¡
ֶУʼ֣齣˹ʱᵵȥ
Ȼ죬˶ǲϺˡα֫һš͵һ棬ֶٶȷǰ
ֶһӣӭͷϡ
Σα´ϲ˱ȶнġʵս飬Ϊ㡣
һ𣬽ʸ֮α׷Х𣬵ͷһȻƾն𣬳ԼȺɨƣ֮ǰһְ
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αµģ˲ʱһأ鼼Ҳڰ˽ס
ΣӽٶȽˣȵٽαҲ׼ʱϷХŤͷһɴʧɫת˲ĹֶȻһȻγǰл֮ơ
αаһҽһŵ棬ʺƲһ֮ʱ˳ȥ
ֶδû׷αȻʧɫҲͣƾٶȣ;޽²Ŀܣ˵ԼղŻ·磬ֶһֱȵĻû֣Լᱻܡ
ҪٻߣֶЦòãӦѾեˡ
ˣαҡͷĳֶ˹֣һʯһһ͹
ǵûضתúԼֶȻʱ򣬵һҲύ㡣
Ȼˣĳǣα¿ڵ
߲ͣ´ΣϣòһʯֶƵ
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αת󲽳Ժȥ;ͣ
ԥαµĽŲֶԼûּǿջֶԶ㣬ֶ᲻ܾԼ顣
𰸣αº֪ȴܣղѾ
Ŀα뿪ֶİƣԵáαּǿջĿȻЩԤڣ㲻
αּ֪ǿջ˶һΣգõĺôȴҲض˳ΪУǸĺϢ
α½᲻Ļϲ⣬ֶѹͲ⣬ȵαΪʵԸּǿջʱּǿջʵѾںǷ½֪ˡ
صԺֶȥ˶ͷķ䣬˵ͷȥϳԺ润ͷʰһ·ľ̳ͨ䵽ϳǡ
ȸͷź÷䣬ź̳ƣֶǰ
յǰԺӭ˹
ƹȥԺ
ãҲ㡣ֶЦѾαˣܷιʵչ٣ƭ顣ּǿջΪҪġ
ƹӦˣѯʵ
ֶͷȻҲǰ͡ضֻ׬㣬ǸпСŸ˸Ǻα½ͷ󡣡
Уȥ磡
ͷתֿת˻ڨڨˣƹѾڿʼӡƣ䳡£ҲѾ̸ĸ䳡ȫĻÿҪһǧӡ
ԣֶͷЩԼŰɣּôˣ
Ѿڿʼãа£Ӧܹɡֶ׷ʣһ԰Ĳݵʱ̸ǮøµʦүǿҪЩдãһֱʨӴ󿪿ڣȥһˣ̸İ취
㿴ŰͳɣȻҲûҪԩͷֶеĻҲûϵҲλʦүûʲôͷ̻ûУ
Ѿˡ͵ϳ̻Ծ¥Ķۣǲ࣬ƹķԸɫ˺ͳֲ̱ˣҶûϱȥϳ̻Ĺأûϱ۾ͿʼĶӣʮģһӡ
ֶȻ׼üǧӣʮ㹻ˡ
ϳǵĴ󻧺ͳǴ̻᷽Ԥ֪׵ҪϺͼǮӶʧȥһֺģӣûֵ
˵˵ȥҲΪ˹󻧺ͳǵĺģӶּǿջһԣȻƾʽס


325 ز۵һ
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ֵϣУʱַ֣ǷԵĵֵ̲ͬϵС̯ǣĶҲǴͬС죬ȴҩģǸϡŹֵС
ϳǵľۼأ֡
ӽβһ·ǰУֶᰣеȺдԣСһ洦ɼУ˳ֻȭͷССޣҲ׺ݲбĴޡ
ߵֵ룬ֶһ޴ǰͣ
ԼףңУһͷӥʹ߱˫צƶצԴſ档
˨һ񼸺ûչƶĿռ䡣ԴϣҲϡɼЩѪߡΣȻ֮󱻲ġ
ôڷֲˣϹŹޱȱȽǣǰԾвפ鿴ˣһźɫװĴ󺺽̸һ֮󣬽ҡͷˡ
۸̫ˡ
磬´󺺵Ҳżʼۻѯһһϸش𣬶ԷҪҲȥסĺô
ȥʮȥҲһΣѾרŵͣ
ӥ񡣡ֶǰͣ£һܵӥ鱩壬Բ׽ֵͽΪʳ񡣡
ٶȺͱôֶѯʵ
ٶϣᰳɵǲСⱳû˵
ֶ׷ʵݲץ
ѣҪӥ侯ղԣԲء᰽͵ңӥϲҰѽӽץһͷӥҪһطСȻ콥һľһˣϰڸĻ˵ʱҲܰ
Ѷȣ߲ʰ
ֶ죬ǰһԵĺ´󺺣ϰ壬ӥô
´Ŀһ֪ӥֶʼۣȻһֻǴմ֡
ϣ˲ʱһĨЦݡټֶЩЦݣ
̸ɣ˵ãһλ͡
ӼȻ֪ӥȻҲ֪ӥҶͷ֢м󻺽á´ЦǺǵͷӥһʮһǧӣɱԺ󣬴˸ȥϡ
ڵֶѯʵ
ῪЦ´ҡͷ޵ڵֵ͹ǧӣ
ڵĻһǧӣֶզǮҲ̫˵ɣ
⻰˵ġ񣬶ǳ״̬ҲͨӥҪ׳˶һЩҪʵҩЧҲûʲôôֹһǧӡ´ЦҲмңŰӣپͲˡǮҲָԺܳ
ڵ٣ֶʵҲ˵Ҫͷӥ񡣡
Ҫģ´εӣӥԴѾǿйľӦûһ¡
ûϵֶҡͷ
´˿ûϵͺãҲζţ̸ȥ
룬´һҧгݵ鿪ڵǧӣ˹͡
˰ɣֶÿɷ
⻹󣿡´һܳԾӥͣڵ˵Ҳˮô󡣡
ʲôãֶмһ˵Ƶҩ಻࣬ҩҩЧĻӥڵǷһҪȻҲݲȥӥˣޣڵҪвСֵĻǾԲҵõġϳֵطԩͷҪ˵ĸԸһǧҪӥڵұ֤˫ļǮҪˡ
´޷ôǵһмҡ
ҿӥڵӦöֱӶҩ̵İɣֶЦҩܸ㿪ӣϺüǮ
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ǧһͷôֶЦ
´󺺵۾ɵֶŰһǧİŶԡۣһǧҲˡ
ǰǣ㻹ܸŪͷֶȻ
ŪͷУû⡣´ϲԽȻϴ˿ˣңֻ󷽣֪һǧͷӲԸ۵ǧ
ֶܵѯʵ
ʮ죡´󺺲˼Ԥͷһʱȥһֱš
ʱ̫ˡֶҡͷʲôʵ
鶯أͬ飬鶯ص֮䡣´󺺽͵
дʱ䣬ץסӥ֮װ͹;˷ѵģֶѯʵ
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˸ȥǮվǶǧһͷȸӡҿЭץӥҲӥһЩץԺ͹ٶȷӦܼӿ켸졣ֶҲʡһ͵ķá
⡭´¶ɣӥ񣬿ԼԴǧһͷǮǲ٣й¶ץӥķɾ͵òʧˡ
ֶȻ˺´󺺵ĹǣץӥֻҪʱÿʳıؾ֮·ϷֻСʳȴľʼǵ˺ˣʱҲʳ
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ֵܣòΪҲ鲻ӥϢĵַɣֶЦ
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ûû´󺺲ҡͷ΢һ㣬֣صͷУټͬ˹ȥ
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͵Ʒ͸ˣҪĻȥּǿջȡҲСֶЦһץסײȦ΢£̧
´󺺰࣬ӥ˵ҲİҲ̧һץȦȴֱ̧ô򵥡
ʵԼ֮ϡ
߰ɣֶᰡ
ᰵ˵ͷֶԣŽβȥ;̲סѯʵӥ
ֶ͵ϳ˿ڶ࣬ռҲǿԱġɢ̫ˡϷʡʡҸ䶯һЩΨһȱ㣬Ҳӵö໨ǧ
ᰵͷ⣬㲻
ʵֶ֪һȱ㣬ǾԹϺǰ磬ܻлֵ˵šȾûʲôͷ棬Ժӡݶڶڱ׵һ£ϾԺ÷ûвֽˡҲһЩԲֽҪȽϸߵĴ󻧿ķϵݣķԺԲơ
ˣûʲôӴٶ죬Ҷʳ滷ҪȽϵ͵ģֶȻѯʵ
Ӵٶв١ᰳ˵Ҳн֣϶ʳ滷Ҫ͡Ӧֻ񡣡
񣿡
ԣᰵͷھŽ˫չĻжʮ׳߽޶ʳ滷Ҫ󼫸ߣȴǸ࣬ʳֲݣֻҪܳԽܵʳ滷Ҳû̫Ҫ󣬼ֻҪǱѩؾС
צôֶ׷ʵ
ſ˫ϼӦöķӰ첻󡣱ϾǾŽ񡣡᰽͵צ棬˲ʱһǿʵ˺Ƭʲô¡
ֶ̲ס˿ĭ񣬾Ϊּǿջġ
ܰһǿ߸˺ƬצץϰٰʮĶԲ¡ǱƾŽҪҲּǿջҪˡ
װһ£񣬾Ƿɻ
ϳǵͳеƽ׵ĵصͣ񵱳ʹ󻧺ͳ󻧵ĹߣϵƣֻҪܱ֤ȫڱȫңŽͷܵɿջ֮һ
Ŀҵ಻ֶࣿŵؿᰣǵã߽޼ѰŽ޸ϡٵ󺺹ֻһֻĳ̶ȣҾ۷ǿߵ֪λãҲһѲõ
ֻ֪һλʮǰάֹһγ֣Ҫ׷ݵǰھǳֹεɼһߡ
ֶɫʱͷɻôˣ
ѵһ뷨ң뷨Կջ⻹ž޴
ʮųһΣ֪һγֻʲôʱʮꣿʮ󣿻ƻ˶ˡңͼʮټҪֳ϶ͷϲܳɹ󺺹֪ûôࡣ
ָͷɻָɵоĵԽԽǿʯȡʯůʯյʯǹڡʯ𲽼ѶȣûĻָоʯɻ
ԣҪ׵öࡣ룬ֻҪɹԹһֱоȥټ׳оŶӸֶţʮ꣬оʯɻĿ˵Ҳܴﵽٷ֮˾ʮ
ΣֶһϣѯʵûкƣٵٶȺһЩҲ޷
µ񡣡˼Ƭ̣ҡͷӴĸ߽Уֻ滷ʳû̫Ҫ󡣡
ֶĬȻ滷ͶʳҪ棬ջϵͳеģѵȫֲͷɻȻӴռռԺĲλã鷳鷳㣬Ҳǽܲˡ
ǰǣͷɻһֱС
ֶСԹϼ죬СļнʧĻͬٶȼҲ˵ֻܱ֤޲Ҫʳȴӳ
ԿջĿźʹʱ䣬ͷɻ˵Ҳһʱ档ҲζţͷɻͬҲҪʳȻֻƽ״̬һ룬ȴҲǸСĿ
ΪԵʣŽ޶ԻҪ̣ʳҪҲߵףϵĸ߽ޡͷɻһͷ˵Ҳ̵ǧĸ߽ޡ
ۣߵʵЩףһ͵óԵӡּǿջռϳɵ⣬һ󣬹ҲԳʮӣͷɻĿôҲÿ
оȫںϵҲ˲ٽչȥһ콣ڣóһϹֶգ᰿ڵóǷԸȥĵӶĴעһټ˵ջ񡣡
ô᲻еٹ˽ֶɵ
е㣡ƵʱüͷɻرˡҲҲֻ˵αСʧˡ
Уô졣
ֶϣ콣ڵİæҵļȻɲߣȴܱȵĳطϢҪǿ
һ־Ŵ߱ģ˷ֶ֣⾪֮٣עĿ·𽥶ԴˣֶЩоŹ֣ȴǿҲԹгš
һ·صջԺ·ʱֶо²׵ĳ̱Ƹ˳ǰ´󺺽ͷӥ龡֮һһңһԺС


326 ѩ׷
Ϸ֣ȵ᰻طֶװӥĴҲһ䡣
вͬⷿķţķҪէһ˸߶ѷһ֮⣬ٲȻǺŸۡĴš
ƿţֻʮƽף߶ԼңտյֻнһԼҵë׾ʨʨԴ棬һӳԱһָ߾ٵظԴһеĿűӡ
ʨֶ·;յ߽޶ޡⷿ䣬ǿջڵء
ŤͷŴֶۣ岻һֱڱǿ׵ָҲ紥
ơƹ񡭡ΣЩ١
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ӥϵ⿪ֶ֮ջϵͳǵλãҲ䷿ӵС
ȿӥٽӥٶΪٱԺֶſ־޶һһֲֻͣĸ壬ͬʱ֤ܿ㡣
־ĻæͷȵֶӥҲƵǰͷķ˹֮󣬿ŵ֣ӥԴϣƶ֣ͬ߾޶޵Դϸš
еۣʱ䣬ż١ֶЦżҵһİοֶΡ
־һЦҡͷۡ
Уȳȥˡ
ֶ˵ͷת뿪ǵӥٴҲȬɳٶȼӳɰٱ־ͣĸֻһ죬ͬ־һڲϵĸӥ񡣼˵񣬾ǾŽޣֻҪ֮ǰǱޣҲ޷ֵ׽־Ϊ߽־׽ˣ࣬Ƨ䵭ûκ⡣
ֻҪ־Ϊ־һ仰ӥ޶޳ȥʲô飬Ȼʲô¡
뿪ֶط
һ죬׼ɵĽţѻɽ䳡ּ̨ݲóء磬ɳȥƺͳ̱ڻ
ϣקһͷ;޴Դŵӥ
峿ֶ򿪷šټĺԺӣıȱȽǡ
ơ̱
ʸվںԺˣһȱֶһ
ȻǰǰѶͷλ޹صų⡣
ˣ·ͬʱͷݵӥ
־һӳԱĺ£ͷӥʵʵվֱԴó๲Ūɫ˳Σɢ֮
ƹ񣬶׼ˡǰڵ
УС͡ƣǸĸ䳡ҶּۣݺչͽˡֶĿ̱ɨ񣡡
̱˫ίһԾվӥıϡ
ֶԵ͵һЩһΣһͷӥԺץסϡ
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ΪˣֶŻú򸣴еĿģвּǿջϳǵļ
ּǿջʵǾԲһķϰġֶȴ㽫ɾֶΣĻûоһδξϴּǿջķֵ鲼󺺹ΣҲԽԽ࣬˵ģû㹻ΣһͿء
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Ʊȡƶֶ̨תһֱںԺſڵ
ƹλϰ壬в˳ϳǵģСǰϣŨŨĲмղŵΣһҲжϳʲô顣
в֡ˣղôûйֶ
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Ȼò˰οֶҲͲٷϻղԭԭԼλ˵һ顣
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ϢֶԣǲСĸ


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˶٣ķϰԣ̨²ܿƵģΨһģǾѿֵܳвȫһο̨ΣռϳǶķ߰˳ĺ򸣣вѱ򸣲ƾɽ𡣿˵úҵȫ룬ҲһͿԶ߱Ŀ
²⣬ȷʵǳߡο̨Ҳкüµʱˣķûи̫Ķܿǲú򸣾ôʮۻĲƸȫˡֶͷ϶뷨
ȻǾͿ԰һѡЦ
ôֶ׷ʵ
֪˺򸣵ĺ·Ǳƺڶķϲͣŵð취
ֶһƬ̣Ȼʡ
ûֻҪҸ޵һķϰ壬֪򸣵Ĵ¥ҵչķϰһ취־¥Ϲϵѹ򸣡
ֻҪܾ˺򸣳¥ҵչͷ򸣱ض취ס鸣ķ룬ҲռһɵķݶԴɽ
ҵѵ˱ƻԼҵԼƴ޴ҲˣķȴͬҵȻҲ̻Լȴûж۷ƣƵֻǶķڵĸͶķ治ס
ķľƴǸ֡֡
˶ȥԷĳӣǸķɱ໥ƴֶ֮һֶΣȥԷķҳӡ
ķԣȻúҵɶȥ鸣ķӣǴѹ׳Լ÷˵鸣ķ۰ϳʮʮ꣬Ƕ֣רŸɵԷֵĴ֣ӦöԶԶǿķķһ鸣ķ޷ƣǾǿ̨
̨Ժ鸣ķĻ鸣ķ̻ͷ̨ÿõװķĴ֣ץסȷ֤ݣ̻Ҳܲˡ
õۻֻˣùõۣɴ󲿷ֶˡһܵеù򸣵ҲûУʮ֣ȴ϶ܵס򸣡ķƣʤ˶࣬ȫ˼ɵɶֵ鸣ķӡ鸣ķȴһɴֵķӡ
ķϰô˵ŷ˺ھ¥ҵչͷôú򸣲òķӲģֶţķϰ壬Լ뵽ð취ġ
ƹڣǻķһ֮ԥһ£̲סе뷨ȫ˵˳ǵʵļȥҲķϰȲʤȯˡķ֮ľ˵˵ȥʵ˭͹ٷĹϵã˭ȭͷӲķռϷĻ϶᲻ϧȥ˵ŷ
£ͱˡ취ķϰ֪򸣵ͼɣֶҡͷķ֮ľѪȣӲѾЩ̫ԸˣֱӲ룬ԲӦ
εͷּǿջ㲻ɻӰæķϰĻܵСӰ죬ȴᡣ
Ƭ̣ѯʵ취ķϵеˣȻʹķϰԼ򵽺򸣵Ĵô
ֶ΢صͷԣúúϼһ£ȷһʧС
Уȥ죿ʵ
ȥɣԽԽáֵֶ
뿪
ڣϸһʱʲô©ֶ֮ϥ붨״̬
ȵӿھпٱ
ҲּǿջʽżЧǰһ죬ֶڷȡرĽ˵פڸֵչʯȺ͹̯Ѿɹ̵ĸʱһ󼱴ٵĽŲֶֹ
Ƭֶ̣ôˡ
䲻ǻӳԱȴΪ˶żҲˣҲڵһʱֶ˵Ļʲô˼
ѵ⣿
վšǿջĶ£ȴҳϷ滹ڲУм£ûԺʸ
˼ҴܹҪ顣
˿͵һѽһҪˣ飬ɱʲôشźá
ڷɲǣյ룬̧ͷһͷ󺹵Ȼһŷɿ̤ȡ
磬ˡŴͣſ򣬺¡ջõԺٶ׵·̣Ȼǿ񱼶
𼱣˵ÿڵƹڷȽ
̧Ĩ˰Դϵĺ֮󣬵ͷ䡣
¡ֶһ豭ץ˱ˮ
豭һ֮ĺƽһϢԺֶע£ڵոյõϢ鸣¥ʱʾѾּǿջּ֡ǿջĹƲ˼۸ۼԼɫˣں鸣¥Ե
ʲô
ֶɫһ򸣣ʲô˼
ѾˣǾʾ壬ҲЩ󻧵ĶȥǡӥֱǰУȻ󰤼Ұ塣ĻּǿջƺСĸй١
ֶֹסĻҡͷڣȸôԭҪġ
ԭ򣿡סˣԭ򣬲Ǻ򸣷ϢȻƿջں򸣵ƶͷٻߣּǿջ壬ҲҪһʱ䡣Ҳڣּǿջɫĳ󻧺ʹʳǣǰͽĺ鸣¥
ԡЩ󻧺ʹʳǵ˺鸣¥ֲʾ˵ۻͳּǿջĹƲ˼۸ɫǵϺ鸣¥
򸣣ȻԾĹŶԡ
ͻȻ֣ԼϢЩͷˡ
ƹ񣡡Ȼ̧ͷֶ
򸣣ݵġҲϴμҪǿ˲١ֶȻҲѾ˺򸣵⡣
Ƚˣƹ˵ĻȷŲɰɣЦٻߣѾԺصطĴ㡣ҲˣǿʵҲκβ
ּǿջּ֣ǿջŵĵһ죬˳Ƕ;ͽһЩ֮⣬ϡǱĴ󻧣ԼеĳǣɶǰѳʵĵַѡڸһЩĺ鸣¥
ǱĴ¥£ɻô󻧺ͳбˣ˵ĸо
鸣¥ȴͬϳǵǿ˸ǣ֪顣գֻҪھ¥һϷ˵ּǿջʱı⣬ں鸣¥Ѿ׼ԺͻȻжֺ
Ժ򸣵ǿƣȻûйⷢٹȡĵйּǿջҪּ֣ǿջҲӦ
Ψһԭּǿջէ֪ϳǵʵȹʾȻûú򸣴һӡ
ʱ򣬺ֻҪϷĹд̻᷽棬ĿŵּǿջּǿջΪ˸ۡ
ú򸣱Ҵ棬˭ȥּǿջھ磬ǲӡ
Ժϳĵĵλ󻧺ʹȻϳͬλȴԲðΪ˹ʯȺһڸ򸣡
ּǿջ⣬ضҵޱȣҪŤתƣɵǧټ͡
򸣣ҪľǴս־¥пķ֣һԴϵټּǿջǿƳ֣ʱһϳǵľ¥ҵǳ롣
ֻбƵּǿջˣϳǵľ¥ҵսһƬдȡʤһϣ


331 ҥ
ֶĿһ棬ּǿջɾ͵һͿˡ
̤ϳǣûаͻʵҲ޷ңңȵǰ£͸¥ƴ˵̻ᶨۺ͸ڲ֮صƣڻﱻ˴ϳǡչٶȣȴҪӳٲٵʱ䡣ϾҾ¥ʹּͣǿջƣ١Զ¥ƽƽּǿջͷøͣȸ¥ԾѹʱּǿջѾ˺ɨһеʵ
Ľķֶü˼أ˶ǳüչʱȻ̧ͷķϰôˣ
ˡҡͷûʮʱ䣬ɲˡ
ǾͲòͷβˣֶ۶ĿʱӥҪȫǵ˽ǡķϰͿ̨ͣ
һʮңһʮͷ˼
ǴոܵĹϵֵܣֵܣСӣ÷˸硭ʲôУԽԽáֶȫǶ֪ϵȫǶ֪˭ȥ鸣ķǸķΪС
ȻӣŴЩŵƹ˼ǣҥ
ԣֶЦҥƾʲôܣԳ󻧺ʹǵķܵ÷ŴӦҲ֪һЩķʱĿҥԣˣȾ͵߳ɡϸǹӦͨķϰͿ̨Լй¶ϵ϶ҥӦҲȥ鸣ķˡϾķܿŴʵҥԵı󣬿ܻʵ
û˸ȥ鸣ķֶ˫ֱźԣеĿαϣǰ£ȻҲû˸ȥ鸣¥
ƹӢһ򸣿ɾ͵ʴˡڣǺ鸣¥Ǻ鸣ķûвȷĻⶼʧЩԥһȫǵ˶̨֪Ϊķѹ鸣ķ²ټȫǶ֪ˡ̨᲻ף͸˵жԹԱһְٰİѱҲ˵
ֶֹƶϣŤͷЦ̨ʲô
ƴ˵Ļԣסˡ
ֶЦλ£ðӦԸͻ¼齻Լƶϳ飬ûӦﵽֵƷƻƶϲ
ȱģӦֻǴµľ顣
һԣȻҲֶ˼ЦųӣͨЩٲ顣
ơƹ񣬿ֶ̨Դע£ٵ飬⣬Ͱ͵ӦӦû취塣
ԣֶͷȴûģǼЦ
ֶ飬ףԼĻûƹ⡣˿ҵĴԣһЩһ˼·СҪ壬ֻ취һǸ򸣴Э飬ڹǰ¶¶棬ҥԲƣˣ㣬Ѿ㹻ú鸣ķһֱƽƽȥʱһҥҲͲơˣӦûһеİ취ͺڹǰһҲһԺ鸣ķĴѹ
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˶٣һҥԸ̨ǳô鷳ſ̨ӦòŹǡ˵ǽĴɤŻӥ񣬶ڲΪ֪򸣸һרŴѹҥԾͳ֣ǿºƲϵϾҥԣΨһߡֻҪ̨ɵһɵľǡ
ͷĵĵطҲ
Ϊˣһܵģǵطĸ١˵ڵطĸٶ˵Ӱ˲٣ڣĲ˵ץɽˣջͱˡ̻ƽϢ£ȴֹץС͵
￤̨С
Ǹô죿
ֶҲǵˣ벻ӦԵķһ䣬ֻܲѡûа취ҲðⷽС
ΪģΪּǿջŴ󼪣ֶֵΪ˵￤̨ˡοôÿջŵǰڷԤڡһ̨ķϰĹϵơʣķϰڷͷһﲻòѹ鸣ķһڳϷ־¥鸣¥ء
Ҵ¥ƴֶ֮ǰһ¶ּǿջԣڱ׵Ĵһ
￤̨ĺȻأΪôֶҲˣû֤ݣɹ黳ɣ̨Ӧûºּǿջȶȹؼʱ䣬취ֲˡ
ƹ񡭡Ȼ̧ͷйâ˸ǵǰµ̻ն飬á
ֶͬʱ´ȣûǰµ̻ն飬ȷʵֵá
ǵĴ󻧺ͳǵУּǿջ֮ǰ̻նͬϢȫƾŸͬɽ͸¶Եʡ
ͬɽʲôˣ̫ʦʿ죬͢еߡƷ̨۰һķ⽮ĸͬɽǰȴͬһֻСֻƼ¶ѡ
ϵ鶼͸¶ּǿջͬɽּǿջĹϵɼһߡ룬ּǿջڵ︵ͬɽӹɵ顣
ֻҪּǿջǵ鲻ɫ͸¶̨֪˵ֻҥٴ£ҲóȻѹּǿջ
ߣʮѡΪ̻ԵĿ̨Ͻĸ̨һʿռ˴ͷʿϴ󣬲ǸͬɽΪ飬˭ҸԼϴΪУͳּǿջ͸ͬɽĹϵͽּǿջˡ
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ʲôѯʵ
ɵҵģ̨͸̫ʦʶǸ̫ʦˡҲζţ̨пҸ̫ʦ֤
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ֶҿ϶ͬɽٷְٻͬ޵ĳԼּǿջзǱѰĹϵÿ̨չһ¡㸵ͬɽû̫ʦҲ̫ʦּǿջСռˣҲּ̨ǿջʹӡ
ô㣬̨棬õġ
ǴϳǾͿʼֶ۵ջʱȴڽͷС죬ˣ̲סѯʵΪʲô
ΪǴ󺺹һӵİѱֶҲûйظ۵ԭԭһ顣
ƹ񣬹Ȼƹ񣡡
ԴˣûʲôּǿջʱֶѾ˾ܵǺ˵ݲƹץСҲ㲻ʲôȴ಻ѡֶϳʲôӣһСѾƹŭͷʹˡ
û뵽ƹϳǵʱ򣬾ȻйѵľǵһӣĴ󺺹һӸùƨҴܵ׳١ƹ̶ֳȣȷʵֵþ
ˣ¾ôˡֵֶʣµģǽúЩʲôݣ
ð죡ЦȻѾǺ£˼ýðķϰµˣݡߣƿڴ˰ɱȻ󾯸ȫǰգ˭ȥ鸣ķǸķͿ̨ȥ
ôˣʱҲ磬ȥջ쿪ŵ׼㸺ȥֶİ壬ݣиɻ
У
ת첽˷䡣
ǰԺյȣ첽Ժڡ
ȵԺţװģŷŵͣתֽ˺Ժ
ֶĻʵƭġͲϳǡ
ΪּǿջΨһ֪ŴڵĶ֮һûиһջֳֶĽȵջŵǰһϹ͹ˡ
ڲŻƻ裬ɻǡҽͨȥǲСֶôֻΪи׼ɽǣôͻȻҪʱɻصϳǡ
УҴլĵؽУеϣûҲûдķ;¥ϣʼնŵЦݡ
磬ȫǺյ硣
ʱôķ;¥ʱ洦ֺǵʱ͵ʮ˸Ůֺǡ飬Ҳʵʵǰü˼
򸣵Ĵԭʲô£͵
֣Ժ򸣶ѣѹͲڡ
ɽ죬Ψһ⡣ԭڣʵ̫Լĵʶͼıˡ
ʵǿԼ޷мܵ˶Ū⵨ʶԼѾܾûгԹˡʮ껹Ƕʮ꣬Ӻ鸣ķưϳǿʼûԼǲˡ
ÿÿ뵽Լǲˣ򸣱־ΥѪڡо˷ܲѡ
һŸʾˣԼϰһѹλǲ⣬ϳ¥ҵ鸣¥˻ˮһ˵ãԼķжϣķΪ¥սȲѣͼת¥ҵ
һʯˣţȥԼƣԳΪǵĤݵľı
̫˷ˣѾ˷ܵʲô¶޷ĳ̶ȡѣֻʲôҲ¶ڵؽ͵͵֡
죬ǸŶԡϣûѣҶ
°ͣ򸣵ǣ΢΢ֻҪּǿջλƹᰴ˵ĹǿֲʵԸԼֻҪҸûܲ鵽δһ㣬ķ;¥ŵù¶棬´ˡ
ӣֳһƤ̺ӣһǡ˫ۣ
úú˯һ񣬵ˡ
򸣣飬˰ɱ磬ָҹ
ͷؽѻҳú̲סſ˫ۡ
ڴУң˵Լ
򸣲ɲĴĺ˶ţҼǿ̨˵ıܣ˭ȥ鸣ķǸҼΪУǸ̨ΪС
ȻԾݣݡ
˭˭
򸣵ӣ
ãȴ̲סʼɫҲ԰ס
ĺˡ

һϳǵϿգڲͣصԶ֮ͬкµĺ
̰˯ģڱѣԶȥ֮һͷճͷϣ·ʲôҲûзֵģ˷еݣ̫̫ϢˣҪһ㣬򸣣鷳ˡ֣ϳʮ겻Ĵ֡
һҹߵ˲࣬׵ģǿñС檵Ŀ̨ˣԼķϰ塣


332 Ҵү
ϰ壬ҸղŻţջҲû·̲Ŷԣϰòᱻʮ߷˸ס˰ɣⲻϰˡ
ϰ壬ӭӭô֪ϰ壿ϰǵȣϳҵõڶ
ϰ壬¥롭
ϲȵ֦ͷߴߴĽиּͣǿջſڣˮҪһ֡
ſڣͣкŽŵĴ󻧡Դ˽ŷǷ츳һչ¶쾡¡ʮŵĴ󻧣һ˲亰Էݣ˵֮ǰרռȫд󻧺ͳ󻧵Ļ̬ڵһʱһ㣬һⷽ
Ҫǣӿջſ͵¥·̣öԷЦϲ£죬һǿڲţҪʮʮˣֻ˵ڴ˽ⷽ棬Ѿ볣޷һ־硣
ֶţҪֳɳٶȷչȥʮԺָԵǹƥɱжԾ¥Ȼɵ˵жԾ¥ϰͣҵ
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ֶӣܸоЩľЦݣȴԽԽŨ
ŵһʱͭͳȥʮһšŵڶʱͭͳȥʮţͳȥšŵʱҲʱʳ͸߷ǰһʱͳȥʮһţͳȥһʮš
һ磬ͭͳȥһţͳȥһʮš˵ЩƲ˼۸񳬶ĹԼЩûдһžŪŹĴ󻧡ЩͭζּǿջһӪҵнǧӡ
˵Ҳǧ
⻹ֻǰʱٵ硣ٶֶƶһӪҵٲ˶ӡǧ⡣ϾǶȽݣôҪʯȣһҲڷʱڴ֡
ܱ֣һ½ʮӵֱӰѷ־¥ͺ鸣¥ڽˡ
Ȼֻǿŵһ죬ûɫ֣潫ʳȵʯȺ͹ͣʣµּǿջʵסʳ͡
Դˣֶ׼ţһ죬ּǿջƽ⣬ᳬŵһ졣
ֶ²һһʳͽŵƵʿټӴͨϲͣõĸ̶ֳȲһЦݣֶܱ֤治󻧡
үȻˡ
ſڣһǰһгɫ𪻹㿡ʵӭǰϵЦݣڻһС
ˢһ½еȴ򿪣̧ʶң
үʲϲһĳȻҲв˷ðүһ幤Լ治ʣȴǷðġЦǺǲƵүҪ׽׽ӳ֣
ŸɾӾˡڵ
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أ˵Ŀ⣬ͬʱڹֶ̨ϡ
ֶŶ̲סЦ
ˣֻǾЩ졣ɻ£ӡ̣ģֹӵܣʵȴϳһгΪ̳ǰ䳡Լһελ
١ү
ˣϴͬͬееֶƬ̵ʧ֮󣬲ʧ
ʶŤͷˣüͷ΢΢𣬲õʲô£
ү
ֱЩָ̧ӹֶ̨߳
Ťͷһ˲䱻סɵɵֶ΢΢ſҡڰ;ȣֱ
ү첻ô棬ֶ̬첽ǰϹŵЦݣ˿ûĺѣȣȴС
ЦݣڻУȴͬħٵЦݣ䣬Ѫɱ⡣
㡢㡭
¾ֵ˵ϳһеʲõĵһˣݸʮ꣬޷Լǰǿϰߡ
ֶʵȴĿ־塣
ֻһ磬Ի˵Ǳ޲ߣ˵ʲôҲðѶԷȥĶʵȴﵽֵֶܵԼǿƣһԼ޷ֵĳ̶ȣȴѾӡĵ׵
δݣƾԼӹֻ̨ҪɵŶܲµԼּǿջĹϵˣֶҲûƲ壬µԣŵĿע£һ§סļ
үǳȥģֶС
ºݺ˿ڿˮֱֶۣȴôҲ޷
߰ɣֱֶһµ壬ĸĽŲƶ
ĿֶܴԼүȥ˺Ժֱ˵Ӱʧγѣ˺ð죬ҧųص˫ȣһһ㳯˸˹ȥ
κֶǰԺһΧͣĴ˻֮һˣµɫҰ
ˣòΪԼѰ𣬴Ҹٵĵطɱ󻼰ɣ
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ĬȻƣɫſȻѾʱó齣ƴֿ׼
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ֶĹƣּݻڵڵʱ򣬾ųɹӦöǸľ񣬵ֻһɵĹǴԶϹһ˵УӦð˳϶Ĵ󻧡˳Уͽҿջס޵ˣֻҡʣûˣȻ᲻ûǮϰּǿջס޲̫󣬾ϵ˻ѡͶޡ
ֶԤǣڵջͶ޵ˣӦаٷ֮ҵ˻ѡּǿջͶޡ
߰˰ٹڣÿܸջʮΪͶߡвһˣһ䷿Ҳ˲ˡΪּǿջʮͷ⡣
Ϊ࿪ʮͷֶУ˵ÿ껹׬ǧӣӣҲ⡣Ͼסζſջľֵ
ڣŵڶĵһֻʣһǧٶڣһǹٵʱٵܲԺÿƽ߰˰ٹڣڳ롣
ƹ񡭡ֶü㶣ɲһ䡣
ֶѹֵƱȽȥ
ţɵ򿪳룬óһСƱ˺һŽֶƹ񣬵һŵλѾȫˣֻеڶš
νֶͷۣСƱλǶΡ
λԺֶŵ̵ĺȥ
ּռԼһƽ׳ͷݱּݵСÿ͵̱ȴȻҪôȻ޷ֵϵĵȫλãѡ̵ĺլ
߽ŵͨеСƱƱĻԺֶ˽ȥȽģһԲγء
صƽһңһʮ׿ʮ׵ķ̨̨ܣһϵλʮţÿλЩλͨΪ档
տյ̧ͷһ߸߹յգͶ⣬ȴҪϼ֡
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ģֶǻõһְ֭ڽӴ֮󣬿˲ɱһ㱡ĤĤܷԼǿ;ʮ㣬ǽţ֭Ȼɡ
оּݵĹʱֶһʱ뵽˰ԭͬҲͰܷ֭Ժ;йء
֭γɵıĤǽ޷ΡֻԶʮףǿܿһ澰ЩӰӡ;ʮ㣬ȫԵһ̫ܱܵİ͸ʹá
ּݵĶŰ֭γɵıĤɡȻⶥŲٵӴߴʮ׵ľ룬ûʵҽע˫ͫϸˣ޷ЩӴ
̧ͨͷȥһӡ󣬾ûжֻй۲ǿģ죬ܷ֮
һĶֶҲ㵱ּݵͷ֮һ
ϧּǷ٣⿿͸ĶһҵľӪǵصơԻǲ
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ȻԱʵͲǶʱڿġڣҲһꡣֻнԺ󣬲ܼ˶
⣬ҪôĹ˲Ҫôı̣һܻһΪһ̣ͬʱͽĽ
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̵ڣӷȷʵܴ̼ԱĻԣ䲻˲ǰ𱬣ӦҲвٵͬҲ
һڣڶζŶС߳ϣȴûд߳һ¾ͷֳʤԶûһֳʤֵڴУֶŪһʤ籭
ôһܹ꣬ڻĴʧȥȤ
ͷţֶ˿ҵԼλãһƨմ̧ͷȥ·һĳгĿ̲ס˹ȥ


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ٳɱ棬ڲõˮ͹еڻģԼΪ˼͵¥ԺĴģֻһδСģӵĳɱ
ƾԣֶţɱԼ߳ϡ
ʣµģֻͲɼĳɱ
ּǿջʮӳԱڣʵ־¥ֻлǮ뵽ּǿջ棬ÿµĹǮ٣ҲЩֻ˷ѡ
־¥Ҫʮһĳɱּǿջֻаٷ֮һǧ֮һ
ƹ񡭡ֶ¶˼ŷΪڼƽϵʧһ䡣
ƹǸһֵķôֶѯʵ
ŷ羫һ⻰˼ɴֶѾͬȱģֻϸڣٻλƹ뾡ܵĶúôѡ
ƹ˵
ʮû⣬ּǿջƲ˺˷棬ԾɿԵ㡣ֶڵľƲ˼۸ҲһҲ˵ʮĺ鸣¥Ʋ˲ۼơ
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ף֮ǰܳϦġֶն
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ּǿջеõĺôˡֶЦſŷ硣
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УŷԥҡͷղѾϸƹһˮƹӦףѾǷ־¥һٶĻǷ־¥Ͳˡ
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죬ҵóȥɽʱ䷽棬ȻԽԽáүӵʵҺᰣ·̣һʱӦܹﵽɣֶЦǺǵܵĻүӺ̳
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ԣԡ
ͷæͷÿ̳Ȼ˵㣬Ҳһľϲˡ


340 ƽʧ
ȵͷ뿪ֶʼĲԡ
ֶϣؽÿ򣬶һҵĿռ䣬Ʒ棬ȻûϸĽ޷࣬ȴѾԶ϶ͰһԽԽõľơ
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ȡ򸣳Ϊϳ̽һ˵ĳ죬ֶԤϵҪ࣬ҲŲ٣ȫǶķϰ塣
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裬˵Ļβ衣Ƶķļ򵥣ƬҶ豭УȻϿˮɡ
Ǵ󺺹еһľ֦Ҷɹгɷĩ֮󣬶һֵζƷֻĩǺǣϲ˵ļͥһֵζƷ
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ΪԳٶȣӾܸ㶨˭֪ڼ°ϡ֮󣬾еͷǱŮľһСҧȻ׽ζ
ϰ塭
ֶ̲סڣȴЦŻִϣƹҳԷʱ򣬲ϲ̸κ顣
УҵŰɣֶЩӲϴʱϲ̸飬Ȳʱϲ̸飬͵ʱϲ̸顣
ѹλϰ屾Ըȷʵ˹죬ֶܻɣˣܿ˷ʱ䡣
ʱ֮󣬳㽫ӷ£Լ̵Уκϡͷ
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ȷʵе㡣ֶЦˣƽճĿԽԽС̬ȣҲԺΪˡ
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ӣּݶķĲֶѯʵϰô
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Ȼ֮ǵȥһɽּݵǺͶƹ㣬ڻڳﱸ׶Σ˵ҲðµʱС֮ǰĳּݶֻҪֹǿƱ߶ԲԱΣԡ෴ּǿջ֪ȣԼӹڷ棬ȴЩ
£ֻҪּݵǺͶƹ֮ǰڱס
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߱ӳɣÿÿҪʮʯĻĵʯҪ顣˵ʯҲŶӣֶӰ첻̫󣬵ʡӣȻǾʡӣ㹻ּǿջĹ¶Ժ֤Ͽеؤһʳˡ


341 Ԥ
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ּǿջھһСܣʤּǿջԣӰ첻ֻҪǱ˴ּǿջŷ־¥ĺŲ˵ҡź׳׳ͳɣԽ;ߵ飬ŷͷۡ
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Щ䣬߶Ϊһ׳ͷȫǰּǿջؽѵ졣岻ҷ϶ѾˮȫܷԼǿװˮǲѡ
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ֶóһ̳ڰ㣬ŵĶͷ˹ȥ
̳꣬ڷ;УϷ̶졣ֶһ׹Ӧ̫̳ͣİڿٽ
ȵͷһץסֶ̳һ£ſڵүʵǿ𽫱гŪ飬ңóռɽˣǲᰣ㸺ƽүƻĵط޸γûб˶ĺۼңɨװ䡣
˵ͷ
ֶеĽҶͷ
òϣ
ͷҡͷƿ⣬ס̳̳Ѿİ˲ڻһ֮ȻһӰڿն
գΪȻն
꣡
һεУ˲佫һϰ͹
һ޴Ӱӣű漱׹䡣
Ȼ죬ڱڱ֮ʱͷ˲Ϸҽ̧赭дڽµı϶һš
һͱ鼱ٲһ£ƽϢԶͷҽΪģһѷӶգۼ䣬֨֨µ㲻
Ƭ̣ȻɢѳʮСһı顣
μٻζͷ岻ڱϷƶһ֮󣬲һ͹ıϷ֣еĹ˿ڰ㣬һƵ˳ȥ
ֶȻһĹ͸㶨ϰףһǧףαʹɨڣҲֻҪһʱͿԸ㶨ˡ
Ԥʱ䣬̫͹˶ͷֵЧ


342 ޴Σ
һʱҾԤʣʱ䣬Ǹ⡣
ڸٶֻڿջʱ߷֮һȫռˮĻһǧͲ°ˮˣ˵ƶֻ̨ҪֲͬϣٶҲװ£ѩԶͷٶȣСһ㣬ɸҲºۼôˮ㵱һаҲ㹻ˡһɼӹ͹ˣһŪǧڽȥ
ˮս䣬ٰƽҲһԶƶ̨Ƭֶ̣⡣
үӣɽӸô
ˣͷЩ⡣
ʱһǶַŷλǸֻҪȫ·ٶȣԼǰɽĴ·ߣһ㣬ӦÿԲµڵĴλáֶ͵ƾүǿ̶ȣҵ϶⡣
Уͷδԣֶ̣̳þƣǰõġ
ãֱӴȥɳ塣ֶҡͷҸȥɳ壬Ŀĵصʱ򣬹˶ãҲӦҲܵôʡʱ䡣
ͷ˿ڰ㣬⹤һʵߵ·֮һΣȻʧڱϡ
߰ɣֶ˫־𣬳᰿˹ȥ
ɻĿֶЩͶƣһʱŪ˼
ȻȥֶٺٵھصʵƮ첽ٿ죬Ҳϲشһ˵ٶȡ˵үӱǻһɳ塣ٻߣǿǵɳ֮ǰҵǶҲпܡܽʡʱ䣬ȻǽʡԽԽá
ȥãЩ̫ԸѵóһţֻˣͥŲڡ
˰ɳɣֶҡͷҲЯΣżǧǿʵĻɱ콣ȥףڲӰᰵĸǰ£Ȼÿһÿһ붼Ӧڷչջʵ档ôʡʱ䣬͸ô
У߰ɣҲûǿܷܷסֶȻ֮ǰİɳӶȥ
Ϻ죬Ǽˡֶ֣ĳᰵļͷ§˹ȥϸỬָ̲סּ̽ĳ嶯
ֶ֣ͣ
ڶֶγѣһɨŷֶ˵壬ڷ;ҡҡλΣп׹䷭Ŀԡ
ᰣʲôˣֶȻæŤͷᰣɴ£ѩ׵ľƮϼĺΡΣֶǴʧɫᰵʵ˵붸Ͳƽһ˼ٷӣȴƽƽء
ˣʲô״
֡᰺
ֿտҲڰգ֡
ֶģһо´ϵĸλãͫУаĹâյĽһ̡
ֶ
᰺޲ɿֶ·Ĵʯѡ
һʧˡ

ֶȻһЦɿȻƵ
˿Щŭ֪֪Ҫףô㣬Աǧ
ûôذɣֶһҡͷ鲻Խѣֲڴ֮ͥȣףص˶ˡ
˵
ģĲ˵ֶЦǿջסһʱ䣬ֻһͷйŮֶô˿ɲࡣ
ȻЩţȴһʱ벻ʲôĻ׵£ȴŵӻҪ˽⡣Ůϵ棬ȴ֪Щţǿȴҹ֪ʶҪḻһЩ
˵ɣҪǻţпҴȥǱƣ˵ÿ˸󶴣ʮһñҶڸסĴֶ΢࣬Ҳᰵ§˹ȥˣʱдϡ
ᰱֶٶŪЩĻңҲ˲ȥˣѯʵΪʲôڶʮһñҶڸס
ȻǲˡֶЦǺǽԴᰵļͷԺһǱ֣˵ǧʷˣÿرģڸ˽ȥٰϡֻҪԱû³ŵˣûбΰȫյĵطпգҲȥԡ
ϼ˫շȻ̸ȥֻӿٶɽӡ
ֶü΢յᰵľԣᴵ˿
䣬ϸС΢ɼëֻëȻͣȴֲٺֶͣ
еĹ켣ٶҡҡλֶһֱæŶŪᰣһνˡ
ˣ
Ȼͣ£һ룬ֶϴظ
ŤͷһֶЩʧ͵ˣ
ٲҾҪĵĶˡᰱҧ
пһȥһ֣ȥԺͻףжôʱ򡣡ֶ죬ЩϧʱһζţоᰵƤϸ嵽ʲô̶ȣ͵վˡ
᰺ǵѡ˳Ĭɢü΢΢Ŀ⣬ȻҲࡣ
ȻԷǣʵҲһĺ棬žװ첽˳
ɫ糣ȴ֮ǰֻܲڶλߵĴڡһλȴһɱ˵ʵٸ߳Լһ硣
Ϊֻи߳ԼһʵصԼ޷̽ĳ̶ȡ
ߣΪһԼѮܺɫװһȴԾ޷˲Ŀĵɷ硣ֻҪ΢еԿ˹ƾʣŲݡ
λõߣ£ƤԺڣѩ׵üë£ֶϵĿ⣬ԥ
ڶλߣֶᰶϳʱ·׷Ļڶϳǧ
λӦþǽһ޶޺Ϳ˵ŰɣΪ׵ߣĿоֶɨ
ôֶƵᣬеľ㵱߲֮͡
俴ΪߵʵȴԸΪߵĿжϳڻڵĵλǧ߳һء
ǧʵȻԶԶһƫٵŶϣ϶ƿʤΣϾȴӹɵġ
ڶϣΪߵĿ¾ԸһЩĴҲޱĿܡ
һڴŵǺ볣ǧƵˣʵԲء
鷳ɾʹˡ
ѩ׵ĳ룬΢΢¶һĨЦݣѯʵǵĻλӦѾǻڵĿ˿֪ǶĵַɳǶİɣ
ֶŴ˴ĴָȻʱ䣬ֻеȵͷһΣӭж⡣ҪȻŻסݲҳ֣ǻڵĵͷϤλǷټֻ֣Ҫݵʵﵽأ԰Լ˸
һأƾݺͳǧˡ
֪λܲ͸¶һ
ºͣ崺磬ֶȴóǡ
ΪĸǼ򵥵˵ʲôֶҲţλбô
ǣΪԼĥ͸
ֶмЦأϾǻڵĴɣ
벻Ҳ˵ҡͷ
ϿǸսϿû죬˵¼ˡڴһֱĽֶЦŵ
ǾͺãݵЦٶȸ𣺡Ȼ֪ĳΪˣӺ͹Ӧòõ͸¶Ƕĳ֪󣬴ĳ˽̰ɣ
ô˵Ǵһ㣿ֶɴ۾
ǵÿ͸¶ϢǲʵˡȻҲʱǵʧڳŵʵҿԱ֤ٲ˹Ӻ͹һݡ
һݣǶ٣ֶ׷ʵ
ɰɣЦ
Ƕ棬ʲôҪֻм齣ֻɵĻֶȻˣɾòֵˡ
ǻڵ֮ݵȻӣе壬ǻ˵ġڱӺ͹￴ʲôȡֻҪǵѵŹǾͳɡ
ǣôŴĻֶΪѵҲ֪;˵֪ĶһġοȻԶΪ˷棬ʵࡣ
ҪȻ֮ģЦӦòٻ˰ɣ
Ǿʹˡ
ֶЦŵͷȴڶԴ⻰֮ԱǣܳΪһǱر֮һһ㣬ֶС˵αҲˡȻҲû⣬᰿ñ콣ڻصƲ֮һǺаڴ󺺹Ʋ񷣬ûǣᰣھ޴ǰҲԻ
ǶûʦڣĺôȻǺʹ˵ô򵥡ֶҿ϶ܲƭһ崿Ů
ôݷģȻٷڣϷˣܴ裬Ǻͻڽ´ˡΣֶԣһһ롣
Ȼˡݸ߾ʳָָɫأңڴģǰλܸ֪ǶĵַҴݱ֤гѵŹ֮κζɶλѡΥģҴԸ⡭
һѵĶĵУֶö˲ĿٿᰡеõϢĳ
óĿеĺ壬λʵ߲ɲ⡣
һֶ̣νڶϳΪ˽ʡһʱʱ䣬Ȼ᰺ԼյأȻƲҪֵ
ˣþ춯ֲС಻Ķδ˵꣬ǧ˸ҿóڷǡңʱ䣬Ӧò취ѣڵȴԮ
ȴԮݵɫ
ԣǧ϶
ǡЦֶͲᰣ¶ڳǧжϣûκһ˿Ļɡֱڣûо׸ֶô졣
òԥˣǶ۷ǿߵĵӣٻǴŵļ̳ˡǧȻȴݸ˾ûɳ壬̣Ȼɳ忪Ƕͱ֮ǰõǶǿеڣҲһѣ
֪ͨϺ͵ӸϹҧгݣͷͻ
ǧһţһֻɫСԲͲȻ֣һСԲͲĸӣһԲ򣬴ż̶ĺХϿա
ߣ
ȻץֶļתӶ
ӿûôףǵ츳ʮ꣬ض󺺹ϧ㲻öǻǶ
Ŀ¶׹⣬Ȼ޵ɷʣ˫΢Ȼһڹ⣬׷ȥ
Ӳᰱͣǰ棬ֳһ齣ֱֱǡ
ֶóʣΣò᰽ͣҲó˵ᰴԼٶȻᰱٶȼڰӲ׷ϣŸ߽鼼ʵҲѾﵽء
ԽϣÿСҲԽѣеҪϼʮʱ䣬츳㣬һҲ޷ͻơ֮ͬĲ࣬ҲԽԽԡأֻҪ鼼̫ƾǿʵֻصᰡ
ᰲݣóԥһ֮󣬳Ҹס㾡ܳǧ𡣡
ûֶһ뿪һֶҲδڷᰶʵǿĺݣصͷ֮󣬺ԥתӭ׷ϹĳǧĿУڲ͡


343 
ۿֶٳǧһΣĴмȥ
ֶ޵ҧгݣǧǴȲסԼȴݻ֮ٻعͷԸԼ׾١
ᰵʵҲְ֧ʱʱڻܳǧ𣬳ǶͷܼʱϵκѵĿԡ
ĶͷʱϵǶ䣬ʵ̫󣬴ֶ벻ȥ롣
ˣûκԥֶѸתһԾӿ뾭ʳսĴȥ
ͻȻѵֶ¶ЩмصǿǰһھʵߣҲֻǱֻӬѲһЩ
һ̶£Ҳûһۣұһӣе齣ļٹâֶȥ
ǺĲֶЦеʣȥƲֺ˼֡壬ҲƾŤ
ȫ㣡
ֶĴ򷨣ݾݵľͬûսط
һ಻ֵλãһֱǰĴ˽ȥ
һ룬Ȼ죬ֶеʣϴݵ֡ε֣һȵķֶõɳȥҲһ
齣֮ʱֶɳȥؿڣһʺѪ顣
벻ж
̲סһ˫΢΢һҪֶ׷ȥ֮ʱſХֱȡʺ
Ǻ
ᰵķɽֶĹԱģǴݣҲҽƾֵȲѣֻûӽ¡
᰼غϱ㴦·ͷŤת
ֶӵԾһУֶڵϵ˲ʱɻơ˫΢΢һĿ꣬ȴٸϻĳǧ
ֶǰѪǧһЦٱ۵Ȼһ٣ͣе齣ңֶָʺ
ֶмһˣ׳ǧԼ׷Ȼʱ䡣ⷽһҲͰˣʧ֮󣬾Ȼá
λϣʵУ浱Լͷһˡ
ֶ֮ͣеȻڳǧ䱸ĿУ˦󷽵Ĵݡ
񲻶ɢĿ£ŴݵԴȥ
飡
ּ䣬齣㽫ء
ȻոȷƣҲ⼫ݵһ赱Уʧ᰿ƵٶȽŤת
벻ȻտǧЩȻĿֶʩŷɽ֮ʱѾݣһ㣬Ѿоˡ
û뵽һȻԿչ
ڳǧļ˵콣ڣ󺺹κŶû鼼Ҳζţˣζűͬǣ콣ڼһ۷ǿߡ
ǧ𲢲ƲΪˣ콣ڻһ㣬Ȼ۷ǿߣил̳˱ץɱӦҲڷ񱨸¼ҹ˵۷ǿߣɾͲͬˣζûǣңʮʮĵӱɱˣ˼ɡ
벻飬ˣ
俴ųǧֶ˫ȭգʮ⣬ϳصͻأһһңͬʱŴ˹ȥ
ǺȻ죬ݳսʸһһ¡
Ȼһ룬ĽٶȷԾ𣬷̴ִݡ
һ˲䣬ݱѡĽʹĽʵȺٶȣͬ˷ѵʱ䣬ȴ
ţʱ䣬ڲ֮ء
ڶĽдݵ֣׷׵ڵأּ𹥻
ϣס̲סһֶ˼ɵչԣ㲻ʲôвӻЩȴһڸᰴϢʱ䡣
ף֣ɱǧͷӦ
ֶһ𣬿ųǧĿ⣬ԭܷһ˶ϴݣһֻôгͷʱϵ֮һ򣬾ΪΪ˱ƳǶĵַ뾡֤Ž̫Ӧòɱ֡
벻ǧ𾹻ֽ顣
ֶȴ֪ʵǳǧ뷴ˡȷʵᰱɱƲһҲһûڴݲֶɱͷǣ޹ҵ۷ǿߣȴҲֻǳϻڴɱķһû벻ϧһеûһ
ڳǧĻûκγɣԭͼƵľȻס뷨ȫߵ齣âʢٹٵ࣬ԹأĴһδδƿᰱƽ
ᰣסֶͬûκγɣĽʼٷɻء
һɣһ죬ץ֮󣬻һӰǧ
ǿǿеĻΪǿͬҲԡͿһǿһٶȽԷʵһ
ǧһתˡ
ݾ׷ֶʣ緢ʨŭȥ
ŲһΣ弱ת֮ܿ˲䳬ֶ׷ᰡ
һ٣һ༱ӡ
סȰеסǧҲʱڸıĲԡ
ͣת׷ֶӭͷϡ
齣ߣֶƶȥ
ֶܲˣֱݵԴ

ۿֶ㲻ܣǧĽֻǿƽֶҪĹɲס
һ죬żֶ֮䱩һ룬ֶʮסΡ
ɨѾ׷ϳǧᰣֶվݷѡ
Ϊ治ɱ㣡
ֶƵ飬ݶʱһ齣Ȼתûһܲ͸Ľǽֶײ˹
ֶұеʣŽǽ˹ȥ
һǽƲģʣ򱻽ʳɷĩϰա
ۿǽߣֶһͷײ˹ȥ
ݶʱ̣Ϊƾ轣ǽƻסֶΪԼ汻ɱ֡Ȼܵʱһٽˡ
ȴû룬λݣֱҪ
ӿڴҲ㶨ǷӲǿŭس˲ϷɣӲиǿת
ۡ
һѪӴݵ
һУΪ˴ﵽӿЧǾȫʩŵģΪģŻסֶѡܽ¶
ȫһУҪڼʱǿתǴݣҲ޷
Ȼֻ˿Ѫʵû̫Ӱ죬ڲ͵ŭȴǵɷӣüɲ
ƺֶЦŵ
Ϊĳɱ㣿ݵĶͷԾеķŭɼһߡ
Ӧ֪ϻе˼ɣֶȻɱңǻ˵
ҧгݣ˵ݻһֶĿ⣬
ʱ䣡
ֻȰһ䣬ԻڵʵʦֶָָϲӿѪƾЩû췭ظˡñΪ˻һԵõǶϼˣǷ˿ɾԽԽࡣ
ʱ䣿ûұɱ㣬ңǻ
һһһһֱĹߣֶ
ֶЦƵ̫ݣ˼ˡ
ҪţһɶǾԲϷŪٴηġֶҽһ棬˹ȥ
ꡭ
һѪ飬ֶͬʱֶȻƳ
ХֶʶһŤ
Ȼ죬ȵƷ磬ֶұϲ
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ݽ׷ϣغϱվֶǱܿҪ֮⣬صĴǰκη֮
գۼ䣬ֶ˺ۣ˵һȽ֮⣬ûһҪʽȴڴݴץץץɱͷ£
飡
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ҶƬ裬ƮƮ£Χγһɫ硣
ڴݽ׷ָ֪ɲǣֶһĵ棬˹ȥ
ֶٶȣ谭ֵУֻʮף㱻ݸ׷ϡ
һֶȻſڵϣ΢Ĳ֮⣬޷ֺ˵롣
Ծˣ
һ߽ĿУⱩǡ

һҽУĿһκֳɵһӰֶ
ֶһЦ˫΢΢
ססס
أȻ̧ͷտȥ
֣˼֡Ҷ֮䣬ϡԿʲôոڵ
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ֶҶӣ¶һĨЦ
ʼգھģݳʣڻɷĩ֮ҲʼϷƶ
ȵģһ
ҶݶϿյΣ޷ڵһʱɵ赲Ҳôӿٶӻ
ֶһֱһɹԼ޷֮Ժסӡ
ӵʱ䣬Եȵ᰸ϹԼҲͬʱָԪ
ڲ޴ĸǷΧ֮󣬴һ˲ұٷе齣һ½ǽѹµĴ鵲ȥ
䣡
ﵽƽ׵Ĵ飬˲Ϣ׹£棬֮
룬ֶſûжڱӴɲǣһƱֽ
˭Ҳ²ⲻ飬ȫʵġΪģȻǲѹʱľֶҲڸǷΧ֮ڡ
ﱻ׷ɱʱȻֶȴѾνľλøסȻҲԼķλ
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ǧôҲ޷⣬޴飬ôƾճֵġҲûи˼µʱ䣬ѾȻϢĳʺ
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˵ʻͬʱҡͷҲͬʱ䡣
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ֶкһ䣬һŻ鵤ó˹ȥ
ͬʱ£Ŀ˹ӿ鵤ҩЧʱ䡣
˭ҲûвൽΧһô³


344 
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ڣ鵤ָٶȸģ͹ʮ׸ߵλͣ͹һ᫵ľߣϷ졣
ȵݽߵĵֶָȲҪӸߣһ죬ݻӽ͹Ķ˳˳
飬֯һľ¡
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ݿֶĿ⣬𺳡
Ӵ֮ʣۿò߽齣ķʵӲ˲Ϣʱײһն
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ͻ֮࣬ŵҲ
߶ȣңȫ׳ȥ
˵ռ̫С޷ʩչֻһµѹȥףݱ㿪ʼϷͻơ״ȴٶСۿ׼ϷʼߡңͻΧҲͬˡ
ϸ̽£ҵ˸ȱڣټӵ͹ٶȲ죬ĲٶȰɣǿڱ仯ģԷԱȲԼͻƵٶȡ
һϣȻˣֶһɲǣӿĺ£ȴơԷʵǿ磬ԼһʱɵĺµΪۡ
ֶŴݣһ߾ָܻһʱŽûʡ
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һ˵æʱ̸ּδļƻɣҪæĵطƻС
һ㣬ж㳨̲סѯʵƹ˼ǣҳѹ¸ķйּĴµĶ
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ƹʵ΢չʾµĻͣڰ;̧ͷֶƹ¶ʵ
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ЦĻӦԼҲ͹ȥˡ滰ɾ鷳ˡǰλּǿջƹ񣬻һǿ֮ңλǿּ֮ǿջ飬ƺŨࡣ
ԼҪϣ˵һµøǿС
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⡭鼼ȻȤȥּǿջµһӦǾܾ£ǾûпԵ顣
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⻰̲סʯȵĿ򿪣ϣ𷴻ڲźá
үǨȻǰ㲻ʲôϳǣȴҲͷԲʲôڵ顣
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ĽɽµǣһĨЦ
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Ļɽ˵ֻһ֮ʣ±룬ָĿ϶ҲһŷķҲֻƭƭЩɵͷɵԵİ׳ղá
ĻɽŸô֣ºЩ־Ͳ˷Ȼϣ˵ҺƹǳûκιϵҲǹһܲɡ֡ϰ壬Ȼϣԣһȥôϣϳжķʲô۸ʵ˵Ĵۡ
ĻɽЦõ֣ɱˣϰҲǿķģѲɣ㻹ųϰһȥԼҵĶķ
͵һԴԣ˳ϰҲǿķġ
ҿķ˰ɣĻɽЦǽһأķһڶ£˵ϰҲȷʵЩԣ룬׬ӣҲּһݹ͡㲻ʶɣóϰƹ˽ģܲ໥ɹɣһ˭Կ
ҡͷ²аѾųȥжķһ˭˭ҪǷŹķ˳Цң˵ȥĻǻԺɾûϳˡҪˣжʧǻҸ⳥
ĻɽȻǺȴһҲ˵⻰޿ɷΨһܷһ仰ֻлɻҵʱʳԲ⳥
⻰˵첻˵ĻɽֻлµĻ˵иڳĻǡ
ɻûϵ֮ĳͻѣֵףֻҪûȱ첲ȣ峤Ǽ棬ЦЦҲ͹ȥˡɻǣֱܿɼ峤֮ĳͻʱճɾʮٱˡ


354 Լ
ȻλӦǾôˡ
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ֶЦŵͷ죬ּʶ˻һ档
仰ͬΪϳһٮٮĻɽµƿԣݿڲźǣϺûñȣԵСĳƺš
Ľ١ǡǿŹֵװϰߺͰáλүȷʵʸΪϳ
ȵȣ
ĻɽȻҲǳصģԴתĿ⣬ڵһֶͣϡ
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үֶЦŻһ䡣
Ļɽ΢΢üֶ̬ȣװдϡ
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Ž鼼һͿѧġֻҪѧƤëԻڵʵԣͬǾ޴


355 ȡ
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ⳡȶĵַڳϵ䳡ʱִ٣սɸߴʮ򣬼䳡ܲ͸硣
ǻʵʤһҿⳡȶѾǣõϵһԸǹ֮һҪģֶȸµľŽ鼼
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ڻǿӲ̬ȵĻػ£ֹۿѾ˻Ѽ峤ǣϻѾųҪǸֹңҽԻټ鼼ѡһ岻ϧƴ
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λȻڰһʱ
ֶûȥѧڼӣò⡣
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죬ķҲ߰˰ˣһӣӡˣֶӴġֶȱӣķƱȫ͹ȥˡܻҲȱӣҲϸҵıˡ
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鸣ķĺôּǿջʵǿķĺôûӵķչΪ˳һֶǳء
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Ǻ򸣣鸣ķķĴѹ£Ѿȴ·磬βȺ鸣¥ö١ҪûҷŹ鸣ķܷûҰķƿ壬Ϊʤ
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Ҳ͵ڣҶԸͬʱҲŹԷǺ򸣣ˡƫƫǺ鸣ķķĺôֶܾ
Ȼǣֶ˫۵һִʱپʲôʱȥԼʲôȡᡣ
˵ĶԻо쵽ֵĳ̶ˣֶվŶ롣
ڣ˶ࡣӵĲϸðŵζʣȴʼû˶ӡ
ƹ񣡡
ĲǸ˵Ļƶֶӿڣȫվ
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ʱһ˺򸣺ͳִ֮ӿķŭˡǺʱܵ򸣵ķ̣Ҳ򸣶Է֮ԭֶĲȻ޴档
˿̵ӿѾֶĻжԼķͺ鸣ķǰλˡֶģúѡҵ
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죬ԭ򣬶ֻΪֶкȺ˳


356 ݺݵĲ
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ǿɾ͵óˡ
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Щ֮ӿ׽˼£üͷһڽе£̲סզζȷʵŹ֣е浹˰ǵζ
ڶڣ֤ȵһڵζҪһءֶӿǹУͼԼЩܳӶȨץϡ
ƽˣо㲻ͼӰҲ϶ЩЧʤ׷¿϶пΪϧӿֶ֪һ̨Уܳĸо


357 
һһӣӿƺסһ㣬ųʮڣЩδͣ
òˣƹǺ㣬ּǿջĳӣѵõĺóӡӿ뱲ӣǵһγԵô޷¿ӵĲˡӿȫȻ⻰ÿ̨Ƿ񲻷
ƨĵÿЩζԡ
һԣ̲סڽӿĻסףֶϲ˷УԼĿŵķӿֶܿвáòӿҪȻֶϲ˷Уҷеÿ̨пܱӿٳʮϺûΣ
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˿滹ͺáƹ֮ǰǻ˵ģΪͰ׶İӡ
ƹҸø˵Щʲô׷һ䣬ֻҪ֪񣬾ûеʲôģҲоԵİѶԷ˵ͷת
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ֶţûĻ֮󣬶˭ʤ˭ӵһʵڡܵһƾ費ľһУջһᶨƵ֧ߡ


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һЦ͵ϴһ¥ƹּݵԺҾһֱ뿴Чĵһ죬Ըơ
ɣææ죬͹ȥһˡֶȻû뵽Ȼ㣬˲ʱ䡣
ƹңµ̲סӿһΰæõĺôͣǰζ
ԣһΪķͺ鸣ķĽûĻӦŹֶͷڵæ
סˣԴֶйԼȥּǿջĻ
òᣬİɣ
ɫѿҪĻ鷳ɾͲһĴˡԻ˵ȻȤСżϣƽЩҲͰˣҪ¼ȥҲԸɲ顣
οԼԸ⣬˵ʲôҲԲͬ⣬¶ԷǸ׼ǿҲһһ˵ļ̳˾ӣֻҪһϣҲ׷
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޿ɱ粵⻰١ǣٴľ¥Ҳչ˵˵ĿζϲĻǷ־¥ͺ鸣¥ʮ·ˣöԷԺ·ǵҾ¥ģҲֻ߸
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Σֶ֪ǹģô󣬻ҲðȻֻôǧԸҧǰ
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ּǿջĳˣҼǵûүǰҲһǿջǰԺӦûеӡ󡣡´ǰԺֶһ߰һ߽ܡ
ܲǵãǴΣƹɰŵòᡣ¿Ц
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һãȻĵͷֶĻʵҲûע˶Կ̳档
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ƹ⻬ǻ˭ôƵĵָŻ£ɻĿֶ
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ɣͻƵûֶҲûļּǿջڵƣ鸣¥ͷ־¥ȣȱֻǴǵĵȼѣ棬ѾԶԶȣֻҪڽ֮ǰоС
ҡͷ㣬ӦҪµʱ䡣
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ĳգ̫ˣȻӰջʵ٣õȫȷƲܷšԶڵʵٶȣһеű𣬾žŽ鼼ʵҲﵽϲСֶƣû̫⣬ҵʱ䣬Ӧⲻ
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Ƭֶ̣ȻϸĵȥԺȵԺ󣬸һȥҷһˣе¸˵
һƹʵĶй飬ԼĵһȥҲǺйء
ſڣŻԲڵĻ˽ͦأֺһֻ߰Ĵ󹫼


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ΪǶŵϵı֮أԳӵнٶȲ죬ݶٷƬֶ̣׷һ֧ӡ
Чֶϣ֮Χȷʵﲻǰ;Уһ·ǰģһЩ֮ͯ⣬˲ֶЩϲǣⳡ̶ֳۣȻ㲻ڳӵĺ󷽣һ·ϣȻֹǰȴ඼һȺһⳡʤԼĸֲ²⡣
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һƱŴ̯ϣʱѾѻɺһԹ㣬˵Ҳʮš


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365 
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ֶĺ󱳣ð亹ƽſԸӦĴڣȴˣͻʱΪ̫ڼעӦ״ҪʲôɱĵĻԼ۷ǿҲ˲ŪȥĿջϵͳȴҲڽӡ
ԺҪͻƵʱ򣬿µҼٻ߲úüС
һ£ֶסڵɷ뾭С
ҵһΡٶ𣺡ЩǣͷԼ󲿷󱸡
ֶ˿һֳ֮󣬿ʼӴӿȥ
вһ㣬㱻ռŽԽԽ࣬Ӷ
ȵȫ뵤ﵱУ£ֶȻԿĵڣѾһϸ΢ѷ졣
ûκԥֶӿ룬һ絤
ѷ죬ۿɼٶһױ
ֶһ𣬽յ˫ȻУ峺̶ˮ
ٿڣѾʧڵλãֻʣһʵУһʵʵˮٳ뾭С
һתˮھһţգۼ䣬ع鵤ٶȣԿ峺ʮ
ˣڣҲʽ̤ˡµĵγɣѹʮԺܷʵʮھصʵʮҲһսʤڵ㡣
һײֶǰ
лǰֶæ֡
ֻùͻƣְСæѡҡͷûңڣҲһͻơ
ǿɲһѾͻˣҲֻ֧һѡǲУǰ˵ͣٷ֮ͻƣˡ
ֶҲҡͷʵ޷ͻƵڡ㶦ͷ۷ǿ߲ڣҲͬбķ򵥵һĪڽδùĸ鵤ٻߴʹ֦Ȼ˻ʧһЩҩЧͻȫû⡣
ֶ֮Թ̧߷İţţ϶ҪȻҲҹţְæˡ۷ǿߣһھصͻҲҪһЩۣԱ޷ֻھصķԣ˵Ҳôֲ
ںԺͷｷֶı⣬콣ڰӣгһյ콣ڣ÷ΪţֶȻŹ̧İΪ˵ȷ⣬Ȼܲܰѷ
һھأԸȻЩŹ֣ȴֵýύ˵ڿջϣڶһڶͷɱﵡ÷ΪжԼԼ֪ͼ·ԣԻӲ١
֮Ͷѡһץֶ԰ڷŵһ֦С
ǡ
ǰֶЦѯʵǰǺ콣λһô
϶֪зʵҪӲӳˣһˡ͵ҺǲָֻͬҪԵ齷УԱǸָټ϶ΪҾӳΪƣֻ콣ڲṩ齷ңûôҾͳ͸ˡ
ԭˣֶѯʵǷǰԺʲô㣿
ʲô㣬ңһһ죬ңȥˣͷȥ϶־͸Ц㣬ҪСһ㣬ȥ;У϶ΪضҵƲŮƲŮӦ콣ڣ˷Ｘʵĸ߽׵ҩһ֪ĵõĸ߽鼼͵͵˵õŵĻȻ
˶٣Ц˵ȷʵ϶϶ǸͽܣͲй¶ҲϿ¡ټɱ鼼δţƲŮٴҲֻܻǲͲܵ淭ϧ϶©ˣѾͻƵڣͽҪţ׼Ļֻ·һ
лǰѣҪȻֶؿµϴ鷳ˡֶæֵлһĸм
ҿ㻹˳ۣǼ仰£㲻ʲôŤŤӣһûʲôµĻˣ㾡õͰɣˣϴθҵｷûУ
ֶסˣǳСİ㣬ּǿջĿģֻĶ㲻ϵｷ


369 ｷ;
һΣｷмһˣΣȴְҹ˹ǺķְæǺѷʣｷԷ;ԲֹǺóô򵥡
ĻϴξԲｷмһˡôֻΪ˲̩˿ߣֻͼóԵĻòˡ
תֶЦһΪǰｷȤأ
ζӳˣû齷Ҳֻｷ赭дⱲӣϲò֮࣬⣬Ҳͳˡ
ǰϲͺãֶײʲôõĶҲżƶ̨УӴһｷȡһС룬Űҡ
һӵｷɫһϲܿ죬ͫһĨɡ
ֻЩ
ֻЩｷҪҲͷŵߣҲôռռ䣬Ժ˵õŵʱǰòĻȥҴҪ㡣ֶЦŽ͵ЩｷǿջƲ˵ʳ֮һƽҲղ˲١óʮӦò⡣
ʮ˼ʯһʮǹҽ졭
벻ǰôθڡ⻰ֶһ֪ײسһεϧｷĲԶ֮⣬ȻģͬҲر𣬰ʮĶӲݴвܲժɹȥĻƣľһҲܲɼʮʱ䣬ǰҪĻһõ²Ż͹ʮ
ôӣʲôط׷ʵ
ֶΣԭΪΪζｷĿûеõ׼ȷַ֮ӦòʣҲֻ´μ취ûףû뵽˼ȡ
ｷǿջƲ˵ҪʳģءֶֹأǾԲ˵ġҪȻԺ󣬿Ҳټˡ
˫ͫУȻһĨɫܿ죬û󣬺ܺĻ˻ֵֵܲ˵ǾˣҲֻһʡ
лǰ¡ֵֶлд󰲣ϵΪԼͻƵںޣû¶ｷĿ֮ǰʱлѲظ׳Ӧòڸҳǿģֻƶϣֻܵȷġ
ҪͻȻֶ֣ڵһʱ˸߳ջ鷳ȴԲС룬ҪջһʱùЪҵ
ˣûʲôµĻҾˡĿ⣬ϵｷɨۣѯʵûд䣿һ
Դֶͷƶ̨óһĴ䣬͵ǰʵǰֶƬ̣ȥҳӰʮｷ
òţʮҲԵʱͻȻûˣŽŪʮ͹ٳԸʹ졣˰֣䣬֮󣬽ϵｷһɨ䵱УȻ̧ͷˣֵܲɼȥأһζռ㣿
ֶǸȻҡͷ²Уｷǰ죬ֻвڵǸԭһҲʮŪˡ
Լ֣̲ס׷ʵ
ǲܣּǿջʮҷֵ꣬ÿҪｷʮңǹˣԺٿֵ꣬϶ǲġּǿջܹа˵ƲˣｷΪϵľҪ̶Ȼܸߣ˲ũȥæֲһˣҲûֲɹֶδѻ˵һε£һΪ꣬붯һλֲĵ߹ȥܲܳɹõظ
Ȼҹֵܣｷܸܲʮѯʵ
һҲ׬ӶѣҿջֻϲͣĿֵ꣬㲻ʲôֻҪҵƲ˾ˡǰڣоܾĵֶЦ
Ȼˣֵܣºס˫ֳֶ˹ڵֽ˲ʧӰ
ֶ򿪿ջϵͳеĵͼȷѾ뿪֮ǰֽϣĿ⣬֮΢΢
ͷĶԻһ飬ֶЩԻеõϢ
ȣｷԷԣž޴ȻĻԲСĽһԸְæֶţ뿪⼸£϶ǧټȥռö͸ԼĿģԼĴмԺ󣬺취׳ｷĲء
ǣｷƾʲôֶãһеĹؼ
ԷڵԣҪģӦ취⿪ơֻӳߺɣҪȻû齷ľֻһͨǿ׳ͷԼռһЩǿܱ֤߲õΣաֻĻԷʵԣû콣ڣ콣ֲĴ齷֧֣˵޷ܱصʵ
Է˵ڶҪӦǰϲ֪ŪʵǿˣָŵĻʵٶЩӰ졣ңҡУҲҲסֶʣԼĻǣ޹ң˻ָʵ֮⣬ѡ飬ǾŽҲǧټ취ǸŪϡ
ڣƺԽϵĽ⿪飬ԶԶȲϵõｷ
ֶԴԾϵĽԼûκΰ취ܹ⿪԰ȤתƵ棿
ҪԻָʵģͲӳˣ콣ڣ̩֮⣬Ӧò˸Ҷ㣬Ī̬ȾͿԿټ齷ܹ콣ڶļҲ̫ϣû콣ڵ⡣
˼ȥϵϴη̩Լｷ̬ȣｷָʵа֮⣬ӦûĿԡ
ȻｷֲͨʳĪ²ǿ̺Ϊãｷô
ԣΨзǿеǡйء
ܿǸζйأｷΨһƣֻζ
ʲôζ̼鼼ֻǿܹ͵ͨ
ٿƬ̣ȷûб׵Ŀֶ֮䶪Ժ󡣵ʲôԭ򣬵ʱ취ӷ׳ˣȨԼҪ֪ײοԼԷڴֻΪּǿջһɱﵣｷζյ޷;е棬ӶĻԭ˵Ҫ
ǶԷԤˡֶӣûĻʱ䣬ӦûĸԺ󣬱õᰳܵõָ̩
ԼѾһصʵֻҪͻƽ׶Σ͵ϮҲȫܹӦԷһֵ˷ҩЧûзõ鵤ʱܳԡ
ֵܵĸºʵչúֵ˷ЩҩЧʺϳԣڶ֮ٳҲ١
ֶЩԽǸ÷ô죬ɱǲɱǸ⡣


370 
ֶĸԣɱȻûзŹĵ
ȻҪɱ˷̩ضжͷڣ̩ȥѡ̩콣Ժɻ콣ڵֽ׶Σּǿջֻжͷ޷콣ڿ⡣ʱ򣬲÷᰸ֽ̩
ɱֶ־öԲԼ
Խһ⣬գֶҲֻǾʱ
ھغһأ֮ĲֻһС磬ʵϵĲ࣬ȴʮ֮ࡣ˵ֶڣ㹻ͬʱԸʮʮһǰԼ̩ͬذɣȴԲںϴһԷųס룬ܱƵ̩С
һǲоɱԼһһɱԼǳԡ
ں鶯ڣչҲʵı仯ǿԽţԼγ֡ں֮𣬳˵չʱ֮⣬ͬзǳĵط
Ҫģܹ˹ȡҲ˵ڳԷֵʱҲ˹·УӶǿʵ
ԣһʵԶԶ߳ھصĺܴԭ֮һڵؿԼʱ䡣
ʵǿ۷ǿߣڵҲһ޶ȡĻսʱҲܸṩԴԴϵ˵ֻҪս̫ң۷ǿ˵ݽߡʵǿ˵Ȼˡ
ǳԷ·ҲˣһԣܳΪڵǿߣ϶ŷǱѰ顣һʮʱ˵Ҳʮʱʱڽ̵ӻһЩԴ档Ļֻ붨Чһ㣬ʱҲֵܵ붨һʱζÿʱʮ֮һǲ࣬һӵĿǳΪ۷ǿߵǿġ
ȻڶôЩ˿ۡЩ۵ˣգ߾Ϊǿʵǣһʱ䣬޽ӽʮʱռʯշüűٹȵʲôӡλȫĮģѹûУֻ
Щˣûпʱ䣬ǵô΢΢
Դ¶Ҫ콣ڱԺֶҲϰˡ˺ᰡ˪ദԼּǿջ֮⣬ʣʱ䣬ȫ
ֶĺôҲ㲻̫ߣʵϣֶȴпǴ󺺹ʷߡ
Ϊֶ֮ǰڵѾγھеϰˡ黹׷ݵǵʱֶǱڵضʯҧֿʯʱƾ֧ˣڵƾھеϰߡ
ھͻƵһ֮֮ԻγĹԣʱ䣬̬ΪҺ̬ٶ˼ӿֻҪ˹죬γֹԡ󣬲죬ڲҪ˹̼ҲھС
Чû붨ЧãԭھȲٶȣˣһʱҪܶ࣬ЧҲ˼
ֶʱ֮ǰѾھˣʱ䣬ٶȼӿļʣɷǳߡ
ٶȷʵӿˣұ붨Ҫ죬Ҳ͵ڣֶڳԷʱٶȣ붨
ǲˣֻԹȷһ죬ֶѾ˲ӡ
ϥֶ񣬵ȵתȥع鵤֮Ө͸ͬˮһԼٶȳδγɵĵھпٴ㣬ֶעܿ޷ٶȡȻ޷ϣǰסҲⲻƾŹԣ˵ڣ鶯ڵˣҲڳʲôӡҪȻųɾŵ˲
һֶȻ˫ۣУδӰ죬ɿ·ת
ȵھһֶ֮УһĨʧɫ
붨ٶȣ𲻴Ҳ˵ͻƵ֮ٶȷʵӿˣӿٶȣֻǺ붨ٶͬ
ôԺò붨ˣڴ˯ڴЧһǣӳɣֶһֱڷУЧͬĻ붨룬ܴʱ䣬ôҲڴ˯߷Ҫá
ϣôֶҲֻνܡ
ڣôţëͻ֮ǰֶڴ֮⣬ĺôһǾ
ĸ磬ֶڶǰ磬ʵվѴﵽ뻯ĳ̶ȡ
ʵ֮κʵʵƷܳΪãǹáһͨĳʣͬԵʮ˰ãʵ£Чʮ˰ûκҲ˵һʣʵͬһӰ˵Դٻһʰ˸̴
վ֮ǿտκƷ
ֻҪڵߣţһһصߣʮҵһӣһץȫǯӵʽţȻջ֮ʮĵӿƾձץϡ֮Ͼ͵úĹ⡣ڶصߣ֧ץʮˣʵߣҲԽǿһصǿߣһ߲ƣԴﵽʮ֮á
濴վȷʵŵЧ൱ʵϣȴرȾģֶһصʱʮһʣϼǧβŰľѾڰصᲢˡڣֶȷ棬ո£ȫûκ⡣
Ҳζţվȡͬȵץһʻ߱ʲôٶȺﵽٱǧҲվΪֶεԭ
վԿƵˡһһصߣţȫ¶ԣ׿ĵط˫֡ͬʱȡֶĻʮ׵ľ룬ҲȺٰʮΡڵǿߣĿѾﵽߵİٱǧȴҲֻͬʱֶж硣
վûƣֻҪ㹻ӦҲ죬һټһǧԿ硣
ĵ޾ֶΪԲϼǿѾﵽ˼ĳ̶ȣһĿھ⣬޾ӦǿԿκҲ飬ֻҪ㹻
ֶǰ֮ûʹùΪ㡣ڣѾˡ
ǰֶһץֻվԶԷ·ΪĿ꣬·סԷɹԷһӴ·ѹУĵҲ˴ӡϣֶڰصʵȫһصߣڰصߣЩˣھصߣױ𿪡
޾֮ȫԽԷҪΪĿꡣԵĪڲӣÿƶԷȫ·СļʮҪλѣõõĻ޾վҪ߳ٱϡ
ֶţҸ


371 Ŀ
ֶվȫƱԼһ޾ѡܱԼ߳һ磬Լ൱ĻǿҲܲԳΡ
ּǿջϳǣֶܹĿģֻһϳΨһܴ󺺹Ͻǿ߼֣룬ȻǰֶûȥԺǼǡ˵ҲϳǵڶԸܴ󺺹ϽǿˣΨһֻڣڻûȥɵǼǣǼǲϣΪɵĹϵҲûʱԺˣʵ˻ͣء
ԺĹϽΧڳ˸Ըܴ󺺹ϽǿߣԸԺԺ˵ǸĹͣȫٶߡۻ˶ٶٹͺֱӾͿƾݴ󹦹ΪԺԺԼٵɶԣϲѶһǿԺԺҲ˵õٽǿ߻ԸЧҴ󺺹ĻڸصԺԺһ죬ֱȥǵְˡ
ֶˣҲˣһʱ֪ͨϢֶڣȲҪһ޾
֣ϳˣǰѾͻһءڡӦûһء
ǿ֮еţеҲǿ֣ʮǿ֮ԶԣһֶƶϣҪͻƵڶأûرľ˵ҲʱС
ϿΨһһԸܴ󺺹Ͻǿߣ֣ϳǵĵλ֪ȣȻߵסֶ֪ܲס˸һʣ˴𰸡
ʱֵ磬һֵʱֶ̣˿ջ֮СһԾһݶ֮ٶȫԱٶȣųз
У˴һ£ֶܿҵ
⣬ͥУˮ˿ѷּǿջɣ֣뱾˻ȨƲȤļȴǳԣҪȻҲôŰͽᡣ
ֶתȥԺһĽŲͣ
Ŀ࣬һϮɫĿӣϴЩЦ򸣡
ֶûϵ򸣾Ȼڼſڡ
⣬ɺйء
ֶü򸣵Ϊ˺鸣ķһɹüֻ֣Ǽ֣Լ֣ϳǵʵҲ԰򸣷Ϊʤ
鸣ķʤɿڳȫԿ־¥ּǿջ֡ǿĲ֧£㲻ܷΪʤһȴ⡣
ܿ죬ֶüͷչûв鷢ˣȷʵǸ⡣ǰ֪򸣵Ĵ㣬ȫ԰¸ɱҡС
ԺǽֶԾС
ռؼ⣬һ·ˮ¥Ժ洦ɼһֱ뵽󷽣ֶͣ
˫Ŀ΢΢쳯ɢʯ裬С䶯ĸ£ָϢϴֶĴԣͻ֮ǰϢȫַ·ʹںһĸоǰ֮
ʮססǧס
񲻶ɢأֶͣ󷽵һͨСԺһӭ˹һսļơ
սֶǲһ޾˳һºСû֣ƴĴ㣬ջ񣬳ż֣ڵСԺӹȥ
Ժ账䶼ֻͨƷ֣ڷȴã͸ŹеϢ
һţ֣Ѿʧߵʯݿɨһ飬䣬ûм֣Ӱ
ܵ
ֶĿ΢ûмָ֣˾൱£֣֮Լ
һǣֶЦעʺתȵ֣룬ҪǲûҵĶ֡
ţ
һͳڵصƬֶ̣תһſڣȻվһλ뷢԰׵ߡ
λӣǼеڵĵطˡ֣벻
ɣֶͣü֣ΪļҴŵĵˡҲˣ֣Żʾ
ֶЦҡͷҸԩ޳ֻһ鼼ԣ·ϳǣǰϳΨһһǿߣŹֽֽ̡
֣ŵ飬ֻΪ˱ԵĻõҴΣпܸЩƤëϵ
ף֣ҪڣֶȻֵǰò˵ЩǫĻֻû£ǰȴǰѾﵽ⾳硣ԣ뼾ǰҪźãҪȻ
ֶɫһһãǰǲмұԡ
֣ɼӿап࣬ŵľӢӣȻûʲôƢ
Ȼˣ룡
ҿǼǰɣֶȻ
֣΢ŭȻֶİЩˬ
ȻˣСˣ
֣һţһɫĳȻ֣Ծеĳͬһֻɫĳߣɺӣֶȥ
ֱֱֶż֣ʺĿ΢΢һ
һεٶȼ۷ǿ߶Īٶȣ˲ӿ
ϢɫԶԶģٷеļ֣룬ֻһ˲ʱʧȥƽ⣬ԭǰӵ壬Ϊģתȥ
ֶЦ֣ٶȣ˵ʵ졣ȥӹû뵽вСƫ
޾ʩչٶȷʵ죬Լ֣ٶȣ޷Ტ֣ۡڿƶʱͷӦȴһʱ
ûһеԭ򣬾ʱС
ԤвУ
ֶֹ֣ͣ磬֮ѹȫʧ
˫ڿе̤˼£֣תŵ壬ƽ󣬳ռϡ
ͷ·ֶ֣ڲϷղһУԼȫȻûвʵϵĲ࣬鼼ϵĲࣿ
Ӧã鼼ϵĲࡣһأʲôصĸ߽鼼ԼԲ˲
츳Ĳ࣡
֣밵̾˿󣬱ţ鼼ĵҩԶõġϧ󷢷ٺ»ʹһҲٶԽ졢ʵԽǿٺ»ҲԽߡʮڣ˼ҶʮʹﵽڣԲһΡټЧҴ󺺹ֻԸܴ󺺹Ͻ֣֮Ϊߣ͸ûñˡ
ɨֶ飬Ʋʲôɱ֮Ϊ֮ǰЩŭҲΪ˲ֶ⣬֣壬Ȼ¸䣬еޣʢֱۻӶǧٵֶ꣬б¡
ۿֶ˿֣ǣЦڲϷŴУаٺǧ̫꣬󣬵ٶ죬ҸǷΧǳ㷺ǿ߽֮鼼⼸꣬ٺǧڼ֣УѴﵽ¯ĵز
֣㹻ţʮ֮ڣ£˿Աܼܿ͹㷺Ĺ
Ϊϵľ޴࣬䶼һأԼľҪһЩ֣ͷβѹûвսʤֶͷ˵ֻҪֶܶЩƤˣѾ㹻ˡ
һ˽ҲܱԼûйܣһá
ʮססס
ɫ㣬ͷ£ֶΪģԲʮڣֻܴӷ϶д


372 
֣ǵЦ⣬ڲϷŴ󡣶ֶܰעҲеһü֣޷ĳ̶ȡ
һֶ̣Ժֻм֣ĲӺͲƶĹ켣һУڡ
סף
أֶص˫ͫУ
һ룬֣ʺһ˶ڰա
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壬Ҳһεţ·ȥ
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˵⼸㣬ЧȫﵽԼԤڡֶһʹô
֮ǰ²Сɱ֣룬ٶȣֻ޾޶ȵһ롣֣û˵Ļ޾ɱͬĶ֣һЩ
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֮Ϊÿ֮Ĳ࿪ʼӴֶܸ߳ԼһĶ֣Ѿ졣ֶڣϸһĶַܹȡʤҲʤ㣬޾ֶ벻˶ѡ
ֶԹɵЦ֣Щò׼˼ɳѵӡ
ǰղŶеˡֶѹƶ̨óһ֦֣룬ڵ߽֦ڸģʱ򣬿Էһԣܹӿٶȣ֦ɫɰɫĻ˵ҩЧմ֦ڣһǰͻƵڶء
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Ǻ̻ʵۣ˵ҲʮӾʹһǵյұģǰʱ俴ּǿջַԺԥǾֻӦ÷ַŲûļֵУֻǱ˿ֶ飬ȻһЦһУ½ԼյС
ʮֶզ࣬ΪֻļֵΪ˵ĵʮӵֻҴ˵СĿ˻о͵õۼʮӣĶ͸¶ȥǴɡ
֪ƹûȤһ΢Цţֻһַס޷ѣǵһˡңֻļֵҲֻ߶ή͡
Ҳãֶ̲סͷ漣ͷҲвǮҲ޷ϳûסһķ䣬ּǿջ֪㣬ֵˡ˵˾ǻܴչȭţңҲ˳ύˡ
˵ôֻҪּǿջаֶϹϵϾּǿջǻһβ̵ʱ䣬ҵ˾ǣҲһϵ˳룬ϳǾڸطֵװ˰æ˵ַֻܿװƷĴԼЧ˳Ϊµ⣬ȴҲ㲻ף룬ƣ϶ּǿջڼӲӴ֮˳ִ֮ŪװͼҪá
ԣ˵УһĨ˸ֶһһмЩƫֻ;ֵǰΣ⡣
ұ̧˵ʳָ˳΢΢һ
ֳֳνеĻǰСз˵ǰ
򿪽УȡһСһȦĽС
ٰСд򿪣չ¶ֶߵеģһԼһҵľᡣ
ƹǺ̻ʵױдһʣѩƮ⾳ַһáСóᣬֶǰѾϧӨҶ֦ͿĨɱڲܳϡζΣҪעǱţǷԼʱ±ɹʱ̫Ļװ֭ڻӶûо⵽𻵡
ֶͷСĽӹ͹ľᡣ
ϵϸ⿪ֶһץŵײһžͲĦչ
棬˵ϣ¶һĨŵЦ
ϳ½ḷ̫́һ㡣
ڵסֶ˿ٲȻһֻնķ


376 ƭ
žչһŴԾ
ɷ裬ֶȻ̫鷨ȴҲܿȷʵŹƮݲϢ
ֻǡ
о룬һϺۡ
Ϻۣ˻ֶȴƾ۾ܾ۵ס
ƹ񣬺̻ʵ۵ּ֣ǿջַɣֱֱֻı棬·봩͸㱡ֽƬֶ顣оųɾŵİգ˿ֻ̣ı棬ֶԴȻͬСװ㲻ͣ㶯
̻ʵ۵ݣ˭ҡͷġ
ֶȴֻǽֻ£ɨĬȻʲô
ƹǲǵĲ漣㾡Էģ·ʦļӡ£ƹҲ˼赭д漣֪ƹҪҪ
ҪֶЦ漣вҪĵ
գʳָнô
һһңָһһϸɼĽϸ˿ϢķɶԾˣƫУֶĺ棬·ʯסһ롣
ϸ˿ͷС
ƹȻǸˬˡЦǵ̵ĹأҲֻԭ۵ɡʮò°ӡȥǣֻıʷ棬ҲпܡֻҪƹԸºԼ֤ѩƮһֱַʮӣͿȥ
۸񹫵Ҫˡֶͷ
һֶˬ죬ԤơãԭǴ㻹۵ʮӡ
ûκԥ˵ڵȻƹ˸ɴ࣬磬ھȥ˼
ֶͷᡣ
ۿֶ˫ֽӴᣬ˴˸飬ӣ΢΢³
һ룬ӿָһϸ˿
žһֶƨ·ʯʣȻгء
ֶ壬ܿƵĳźʶ㳯ŵ֧Źȥ
׼ʱֶϵֻϱ任λＸǺŶ֮ʱָһָСʯž˳ȥ
˲ʱʯһϸ΢ֻһΪϳء
һУڵʯ֮䣬ֻϳصɲǣֶ·ȥƣûнӴ档
ѽ찡ѩƮѩƮ
ֶƸһأϣ㴫ɥļ
Ȼ
ֶǣ΢΢һĨЦ
ϳ̻ĸ᳤䵱ҵͷ֮һԴһֻȷʵ⡣
ұᳯһֶϣֻⶪڵϡ
ϵĳŤͷһϴϣŻ£ʲô顣
찡ѩƮˣȻˣ
㵸һ٣˫һգźԵȥ
ϰ壡
ʱǰ˵µסһһУðΣ
ѩƮ
ãȻ˫УһĨʹɫһ룬ұ̧գ·ҪץסʲôȻᣬʣ˵һоǣλ᳤ʱͻٶʡ
᳤û°ɣֶһ䡣
ôû£ôû£Ъ˹ؿڼУȴһõСš
ɵ¡ƹ񣬹Ȼ֪ն
ƹҲ̫СˣǼֵֻǺ̻ʵ۵漣
Ĳ£˲ֱʹĽ֯һɫڼֶı֮˲ʱסˣĻҲҭں޷³
΢Ц
ɵ𣿻ǣ벻ˣ
˵ɫָܿ˾ʹġΪһֱʮӵĶƭӣж֮ǰ׼о÷ԸȻͣݿܷ״ֲе©ԼԸ״Ľ취
ֶ鲻ɵˣ벻ˣ˵ϵУӦԴʩȻҲá
ɵˣúðο䣬λƹнʧİ취϶ܹЭˣɲǳصġţǰλƹ񣬾Բʲô֮»˵һ㣬Ǵּǿջϳǿֶ֮Ϊܽġ
ΪƣҰҺޣ˭۸ͷϣƴҲҪһˣ֮󣬿϶Ҳϡ
ҪȻּǿջͻҵĹϵҲֶɷ˻ңȻȴԲȥǻңΪ˼ʮӣֵ
ţֶ΢Ц벻ˣҲֻһʱͷԷȣ˵ıܡȵѹ϶ѡܹ
ŻϷˣֶϵ΢ЦºԭǣûĴ۲˵λϳԺյ᳤ͬڼ˵̺̻ͬʱֳʱּǿջװꡣ
ڡòȥˣλ᳤ṩһԼߣҲûʲô۵Ļᡣ
ƹѽôôСģʹļףϿʯԣ˫ֲŽϳصֻСķڵϡ
ˮֹס
Ժſڣ첽˽ΣЩסˣ㲻ǳʲô顣
ƹ᳤ôˣ
£ĿֹƬ̣̾˿ˮһ
ǰڽϻ꣬ҲʶĺԴּǿջĹ£⼸ͻͽ¶ݵ˲٣ĳҲࡣˣ״Ĳɾ᳤׳ʲôˣ
£Ǽƹ񣬰һ̾Žľϸϸһ顣
΢΢üɿֶǵ΢Ц֮һ
ȥٿ£ͬҲ΢ЦԣУ͸ޱȡƹʵһֻסֱЦЦҪֲܵ飬ƹҲȻϷ̬ȡ˵ʮӣ˰Ҳ취
ۿҲһֶһ飬˾ЩëȻһпԭЩɭɭĹˡ
ƹֻѾˣճֵҲö԰ۣ͡ԭƻƬֱֶ̣ȫ侲ԼʹҲŲ֮ų֡ڣ˲ȥˣƹµģ⳥ӣǰ֮ǰ̸ļǮƹҪҽ
˰ݣоݼܴٷ֣ȻҲ;ǣֵֶȥѻүй
үһȻͷӦһ֮󣬳ų˹ȥ
һͻƹʲô
ûʲôһűͶϿֻּǿջƭӣΪּǿջûֶ赭дӦȴּǿջͻҵĹϵ
㡢źͻҵĹϵˣ˴ʧɫѵԼƴλƹԸ
ֶõʯ£ƾ޾ݣ˵Ūֻһ˵ƭأԣ˭ȭͷӲ˭˵㣬ҪܴùүֻҲҪˣʮӣһֲ㡣ҪǴ򲻹ұʮݷѡ
ƹ񣬲ɣ
˺ȻЦˣЦ쳣źͿЦЦ滢Ȼԣʼɫ糣ĻҲЦ


377 Ƿ
ŴЦֹˣֶ΢΢ü
ʵ̽ء
ʵ壬Ը⡣ˣͶɣҲŻȥһΨ̽һˡ
ٿ̬ȣֶѾƶ˿²ֹǵϰ̻ḱ᳤ô򵥡һһݡ򣬾Բôſ
ϾֻãС츳ǿٻоˡʵȻҪǿһȴɵҡ
ҪѻҼ̳˸ˣǾԲ°ոݵġǣԷܹչʾûҼɵʵһ²ûΣա
ʣ˵ƾֹ̣
ֶУһĨɡܿ죬ɱ㱻֮Ժ󡣲ʲôּǿջ鷳͵øеĴۡοװ귽ҲߣıվһţֻҪ취֤й¶ԼʵͬҲֵðŵԴˮȥ
ƹô˵ȥĻջˣ˲мһ˵
ֻҪ᳤ұ֤ԳСֶ
ϣƹ˵򡭡ҲּǿջˡЦ
ͬĻ͸᳤ֶյĸԼһ󣬲ٴˣϸϸƷ
ʱһͬ£ӳսǴ˳
ƹ˵ּǿջ£Ѿ˵ľΪ˲й¶ԼּǿջϵҲֻΪѰڳһֶͷ顣
үϣ㻹ٲΪá˵
ҵҪĿ˭һµѡ
ϳǣûиǻҵ˿ܻɱڵĿӰ죬ʧõ΢Цٶȸֳ
ŵϿ㲻ʲôɣһСţ˻ˡ
ŵˣĿ⻰ȷʵû˵ϳ棬ϿͬҲ棬ǰǣסţϿСһͬǻܵġ
ǲǣͿүˡ˵ĮֻȰһ䣬үñ̽һ򣬴ۿ²ǻүܵġ
ĬȻ
ɫĻ£˵Ŀ⣬ƷֶƹĿɽЩסȰ㣬ʵʵӱȽϺãҲҪӾ͹ˣһʱղĻüȵţʲôʱյʲôʱˡ
ֶʣĿʼնڱеĲˮϡ
µԣЦ᳤⣬һȻһٶӡ
û취ϰӵﻨңЩֵ˵Ҫűй¶ݵķգҪôУ΢Ц
ү㲻ĹɣһԵĻ£ѵǸƭӶѣҪʲôͷҪֹ
ֹɨֶļһе˲䱻ɨһɶ
ƹûʾ˵˱ʲôýѵһ١ȻˣԼʲôƹ󺺹Ϻŵ콣ڶҵ̩֮ɽӪջûеǲܵġ
콣ڶ£Ϊ˼ʮƭ㱳վŸţҲ󲻵ȥ
£ƹţ
ƭӶѣôܱƭߵ
үǲײĲᡣƹϣ㲻˵ʵʵڲԸΪӶ¶ݣ
˵ұ̧ۣ𣬶ػȥ
ŴĹâֱȡµؿڡ
ȱ첲Ⱦˡ˵˵һ䣬սתֶ
ԶԶģһ̳һӭˡ
˫ӴɲǣֶЦЦĿУһ
빥µȻоһ徹ܿƵĳŻ´̳Ľײ˹ȥ·һŵһĪһ㡣
˺Ȼƾôȴʼ޷ƶֺ
ۿȵĹȻͣ٣ͬӲľżһ㳯ԼĹײĻһ˲ʱµֶڱ֡Цһ齣ȥƣӿ˼֡
ǼʶʶѧĲһ٣
ѪɽƲ
һͷֶ£΢ЦƹȰ㻹ȥͳһƱүӦ֧Ų˶ãõʱæ˷ʱ䡣
⻰ӦҶ˵Ŷԡүϳǵһţ˵°һλʿΪʦѧһص鼼֧Ų˶áֶ΢Ц˼ʮ΢ЦĻҪȻܿ˵壬ܿѾ¸û̵
ʿˣʿ˶ɽϣϳʲôʿˡ˺ߺ˼˿û⡣
᳤ŵĻŤͷһֶۡЦּǿջÿµ벻ӣ벻һ׬ʮ򣬵ֵˡ᳤ּǿջĴ񡣡
˺ɵĶֶЩڴֶܹĶˡ
ڣԼ˥Էֵ׳꣬ҪǼƲԣԼŤͷ֮ʺȻ֣ɾͳԴˡ׼ֻһӵľ룬ʵȻǿȴҲһܼʱԮ
Ҳã
վЦЩǿûֶע󣬿ʯʣźȥ
ֶЦ
һʮоȫˣ˵ЦݣҲʼȻ
ƹǿۣ㻹̫һЩ
ֶε᳤Ӧתͷһۡ
üʮˣѲɣܳԼתͷʱͻȻϮ
ϰ塭
һĺ
ˣ۽ǵƣһγһĻۡ
ƹ񣬸öĳŵ˰ɣ
᳤鷳Ťͷһֶۡ
˵ˣǰۣ㻹һЩ
ұָ̧𣬶С
ֶˣ豭һƷ裬һ߿ǽˡ
ϰ塭
µʱ򣬻ٶ
жЩգˣ׳գҲ֪һ
Թ˺ȲֶԽԽΣ϶ǹװô򶨣ȻƭԼͷͻȻѡ
û취׳տƣֻԼԶΣˡ
ƹȣҾͲˡӸüʱ˵ʵ򶨹򲻴ҲȻпյĻҿԽЩѧ֮󣬲˵ܳң룬㿪ջǰ;öࡣһӵ󡭡
ҡҡͷ˫֣һȥ۽ǵĵ⣬ֶֿЦõĸо
˶ʮͣں˫֣Ҳ


378 һ
ôû˻үɣ
Ȼһ䡣
ģҺܺáӦһ
˲üͷλү湻Ӳġ
΢ЦȻϡԾʮಽֶʲôҲܿʾ㳯һۣתȥ
һ̣˸ŵâͫףֶͬζסһ㣬ôҲ޷ƶߵеһĻĪԺиһĻر
ôܣ
ʵ޷Լ۾棬ֳ齣ȻŷۺɫһĳۣԺҫۡ
齣Ľ£࣬ڵأ֪١
ΪʲôܣԶԶģֶЦ᳤ҲǸ߹㣬үλʿΪʦͷһˣǲš
˵ӣʱ档һ̣ƭƤҲ޲ܹҸطȥ
˵ȥĻóȥˮ᳤ֶѯʵҵİʮӣʲôʱ͹
ĻһͷȥֶǺ£үǡ
δ˵꣬㱻»ִϣĸŵģһ̲ס鷳ǰʮӵ飬Ҳû¸ſսȻ㲻뿪սۣǻǲţһǲš
˴ϲͻȻ֣ԭûֵʰĵز˰ʮӣٽ´ţټϻҲҺҸһΪУô˽ˡ

࿵үòʮӡ
᳤Цһ㶼Цֶǵ̵ϰ壬ÿûİ˵ȥ˭ţ
ģ˼е󣬶ýţŵˣֻǶʮǰƭʶˣȻƲѣŵϳ׬ȡӡ
ģֶü
ģģҷģæͷҪ̻꣬ǵ̵ⱻС̸ȥϽɵĿҲزپҵ
ֶԸôװ׷Źˣһ£ѯʵû챦ʲôܸаɣ
⡭ԥ
᳤ǾϵĽתɭĽ⣬ˡ
ƭӣ֮ͽһƣͨһڵءԭ׼ƭϳҵͷϡĲϰ彭ƵǸ컨ƿ֮һæӦСС
Ǿͺã⡭ֶЦʮӺˣĶʮ鷳᳤հּǿջ²һװꡣ
Сֺ£Ļܾæͷ
ּǿջֹܹģһϳּǿջ֣úס¥Ĳ㣬ռʮĶڶҪСһЩּǿջĹģһ飬ֶƶ̨ó˳װͼŵ棬˼£һѰæƵװͼЩ룬ֻҪڲӰйЧǰ£æ޸ĳƾͿˡ
˵ͷȴתȥװͼ
ʱֵͬʮӵ챦һ͹ϣҵ̫áˡѩƮˣʮӺˡ
ֶҲڵ飬£ָָˣָָԺתȥ
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˹֪ͨµͷ˵ǳʮҵĹٵϳΪΪñչأԺһʱ޲ߣֻ̻ͻɱ񡣸󣬾ԴΪӵܵһ顣ǻδʮӵܻȫҴǰȥǴæԺƹ̸ģû뵽ƹѾ֪ˡ
԰˽ⲻ˽⣿ֶ׷ʵ
ǻаϣ߽ëֻаٸҡ
ֶ̲סϵŰëǷɲ
෴ٶ죬߽УٶȾ˵ǰʮ֮ڡ½͵˵ëÿӲǸ߽׵Ĳ֮һ
ֶ˿ʾ⻨¼ͷô
ڵİС֮䡣ڵİվĻӦ׵֮䡣չĿԴﵽʮף̵Ҳס½Լ֪һһ˳׺壬ϲ޻߶ɹ󡣰ص㣬Ӳ׵齣ǰҲֵ˵סǰٶȣ۵ţϸ߽׵ʱƾ̡
ƺѾ˵ֶ꣬ѯʵô
ҡͷӦò
ֶͷʱ䶩죿
ʱһϮ̶ӺԺ֯Ļɱʱ½͵
ֶʻǳ⣬ֵУȥæɣ
ƹ񡭡ֹ
ֶ£
ǸСĿֶɫڵһ쵽ּǿջЩԹ
鷳ܹܲģڻнջ鷳ֶпնῼǿǶԲߣȻûʲôһĺ⣬ʱİ취ҲûС
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ʿˡ
죬ղŻˣŰæѰİ취ȻֵܿƭԼĸס
һԾԼڶʱһ磬⻹ܹ͸塣ƭҲƭˡô㣬Ҳûб
סˣ;Ž鼼ǷǱѰҵˣԽ֪Խãòܳһܱ֤йȥֶɫҪȻԻңּǿջӦס
صͷеϵֶҲǾŽ鼼ǿȾŽĵóȥһעϿŵ졣
ˣûµĻȥæɣ
ֶٶʿ취α겻αûҸӲԸֻ¡Ҳû취ţλʿ˶ţ룬ûġ
ʿѧգѧʵ˵ȥ
ȵ뿪ֶһµ߽ױߵΣԼʵӦܹӦ֮ſʼ붨


379 ţ
ůգֶŪ˸ñͷһףͭȷ峤֮һԾݶ۵ֱϡ
һ·ʱ仹磬ֵϡɣϵʱǵȴĶࡣһװУݡ
ֶɨ۳ſڣЩˡ
ſڱߣһװ˻װϸϸһʮЩ̶̻֯ӡΪ˽ʡʱͿ֧ϵĻʵʵ׼ĻֻȰɱ̼ǰ
̶Ӹԣÿһƺͻ֮⣬һ֧֧Աߡ
Щ飬ʮˣһʮ˿ͷϽޣһɫʮ¡ɣЩǸСֱ
ܿ죬ֶмһԿ˻¡
˵ҵˣҪϸ֧ΪۣҲעĿġԭȻǻҵӾˣܹ˶ʮС˻ºӵ֮⣬֦չȫòڡӢ˲ĻС㡣һɨȥģٽĿƿ
̶ӵĺ󷽣ϡϡһȺС顣
̻ͣδ涨ֻϳǸɱˣЩʵˣ˹߽񣬲˵ÿԼ©ɵҪëҲˡ
˵ЩˣųɾǴڸſ棬ȵѰòˣȻǰ˵ġ
Լˣôпܱ˼©ںһȺȺƨ棬Ȼûʲôɫûɫûɫļңûи˵ľٶϾļֵȻܸߣʼ߽Щ˵УѱĸŵĵӸŴ֣ǣܸܿ鷳ңһŵӶûУŭѷϳǸߺͬҲǸܹӦġ
ǸǸ粻
ֶһȴЩɵŤͷһסˣǣ
վˣһŮ䶼ֻʮꡣֻһ֮Եֶӡǳ̡ϴţ裬ܸ֡϶ǧҷүʦ㣬ҽ
ֻ顣
㣿
¶ϲϴδҴһֶ֮УøСΪˣ˻͵͵ּݵ˴ϧʲôҲûд
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Сϳ˴·ġţ͵ϴΣҲǴ·Ȼɫϵ·ܳСǵ°иСѿڡ
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磬Ҳȥɱ𣿡ţ˷ܵѯʵ
ִɣֶЦ
㡢㡭ֹ
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ⲻֶЦŵͷۺ棬ƺƵ̶ӻû
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382 
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СУֶȻˮʪֿԽԽС뻤סӵܵѶȣҲԽԽѡ
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ɢǻЩǴǴѧԺѧȻһﵽʵЧҴ󺺹֮⣬ҲֻгΪ󺺹עһ·Уʲô鷳Ժͷ֮⣬ƽǶԡֶĻȻԵ£ȴǾô̶
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˵ȺȺһšΧֿ񣬱ɱĿҲ̫ߡΪսҳһţϣ߳ٱǧ
أټ˶ţҪȺȥܱܿߵɱˣЩƲصˣԾվΧ𽥼ءλãŵģ󲿷ԵС
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ֶһԾܿ°սĳ֮󣬽Ųţ˲ʱվ˰СԴϡ
ҶȻ̳͵һаλһۡ
ΪӲĵط˫ĲλȴδڡŽ׽Ҷڻ۴ֱ룬һֱ߹ֶ֣潣űĴ⣬Ҳֹ֮ͣͦ
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б֮ʣֶ˫һ³˲䣬Դ˫Ÿס󣬸Űת
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аߵĻֶõˡ׹ٵķѹ󲿷ֶסڵȫܹܵء
ֻҪڼصʱ̣Ϊ̤壬׹ͷסСֶʵⲢʲô⡣
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384 ˳뿪
Ż鵤ҩЧϻɢ£յĵﱻռһռֶ֮Ŀ⣬ͣ˿ֿһֻϡ
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ŴǿǺǻҽõڵĴϣڶأҩסǧ͵
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ԼУȴеˡͷ۷ǿߣ߽ʦ˵нİ취
пգҰԡҲ̫ϣֻԡ
ллִ磡ǧϲæͷ˵ֻһϣǼϲɫ
ִ磬ǡţֹ
ˣûȤҲûĿԽͽܣҪǡֶնһʮʱұʮһʱʣµһʱڴջ⣬ͽ棬ûеʱ䡣
ţ뻨ǧɫȴѯʵִƴ飿
ţֶͷȴδԭ
ǿԵִԺٰʦţˣʱȼϣ
ҲУֶҡͷȥ콣ڱ׳ɹĻ͵æңںŮˣͬûʱ䡣Ժֵÿʼѧộûʱ䡣
˵һԺ󵹲漷ʱ䣬ֶãʱ䣬ռͽ˷ѡţˣ㹻ģ츳ȥĻֶǳΪеλ˵Ķӳͽܣȫ¡
Ϊʲôţ輱
ֶҡͷԭ򲻷˵ѧĻ·ѡһҿ԰ǽܸšǻ߽鼼ѧǰ㹻ĺͼּǿջ
ţֶֹɫȴְҲ˵


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ᣬȻһѡ
ֶû˿Ŀ⣬ھˣԻȥһ£о֮ȥּǿջ̸ҸˣϣѡѧĻּǿջܶȻѡҲûϵ
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ڴ󺺹ʦǺţһݣڸĸĴڡţ˵Ըֶ˵ָƣȴҲ٣ȻָʦˡˣҲʡ˿ء
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ֶһֱô󺺹˵̼ŹκһţڿǴ©
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죬ɱľ㿪ʼϳǷ񴫲ɱǿνʧأϳǵʵΪ˽˲١ҪǣɱȫǿֶءȻճֵĺ˲ڡ
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˵֮⣬ԺˣԴмûץҲʮӣԸ˵ֻǾţһëɱ񣬲Ϊ˿ӵܶѡܾ°ϵļӵܺͼ̳ˣ塣
Ȼ磬׷ͣʮ򵽰򲻵ȣֻΪȡйغ˵Ϣܼߴٶӡһʱ䣬ϳǶ𶯵Сô𶯣ȴʼûһǰ͡
ϳмĺˣƾճ֣ϢͬǻϳҺ䶯֮һţ޼Ѱ
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Ǹ鵤ˣֶδֻһ˸˼ŵͽ׵鵤ֶ֦֮ҪжٵĲδóţˣòô߽׵ġ
һҹ֮䣬ֶͽܣǧήĵԽӵ


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һּǿջʱգһΣ˸յ̫ůů
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ÿǰ漸ţһεĿռ䣬ռעųߴ磬棬ŲټҾߣľΡܡּҾߵԱߣмҾߵĳߴ磬϶ϸĽֶֻ͡ǵһۣԿװͼֿͷƽͼ
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ǽںͷװͼһţǼֿͷװͼֶһ¿ȥϺκα顣
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Ҳǣһ㣬׬ҲΪܣԽãܵʱҲԽʮӡ
ֶһĳƬ̣ڵУʮӣװͼҲͨڿʼˣ


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⼸õŵ챦棬ƿ֮һ⻨ƿȥƭϳҵͷѾϡĲϰ彭Ƶġ
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µ˰ʱƽŷ϶ǿͰӵԹ죬ȴû̫ĸоţֶʱ϶ڿ˼Լ⡣ǹⵡҲ㲻ʲôɻĵطֶΪʲôϲԺ͡
ƽ˼ң廹Ƿ䣬пţ϶ΨּǿջǰԺš
ôΨЩ˰ڼӵ˲ŻˣּǿջЩ˵ȥŷּ֪ǿջӴˣ˭Ժ롣ƹҲǸ߰Դˡ
ƹ񣬺Ȳ裡ЦŸŷĲ豭еЩˮ
ˣŷЦл֮ѯʵƹ£鸣¥£֪λ˵ûУ
ղãƴʳͿһ㣬˵鸣¥ѾʾЪҵˣֶѯʵ
ŷĻֶûɻȥ鸣¥׵㣬ҲûƣͷȷʵˣιǹϲƹԺԴչͼˡ
һΪǵ;˵벻ֶ־¥ƹֶΰ겻ʱѺ鸣¥ܣʵҲֻз־¥ƹСּǿջ˵ʲôչͼ˺鸣¥ϳǵľ¥ҵֻʣ־¥һҶˡԺļҾ¥ƹıϢּǿջҪܴƹָ񵽵ƺͳǵ󣬾Ѿ֪ˡ
ƹ˵ŷ繰˹֣ᶨƵĹֶ᳹ԺǰʾĽЦǺǰЦƹԺ󣬻ּǿջֲ̧źáּǿջɱȲϺ鸣¥鸣¥ܶϷ־¥£ּǿջҲֻ֧һµʱ䡣
˶٣εּǿջҪǵˣ£뻻ϰ壬ɾ͵ôÿһӵĻˡ
⻰˵ģҪ뻻ϰ壬ϳǸиҵ̧ŽˣϳǣиҵĹµУɾΪԺա˵
ŷȻ־¥ּǿջѹϵôụѹңܻܺ鸣¥ּǿջĹҲСּǿջտžܺͺ鸣¥̨ʵĻǷ־¥
˵ʵԽԽãּǿջʵԽԽֶһƹڣӶǺڡڲãôӦƹͷ־¥Ը鸣¥ںˣʯȡһʱȻͲһ̨һšûּǿջĻиտʱ
ƹ̫ǫˣûʯȺ͹ּǿջĴƲˣ㹻һƬˡοּǿջּ˭Ҳҡ˵ơ
ŷЩֶ̬ȣоλôһֱʾ
ɲţǰλƹУּǿջ᲻־¥˵Լ˵⼸㣬ʯȺ͹Ѿﵽ͵ĳ̶ȣȴͬ㹻ּǿջڲ֮ء
Ȼⲻ֮أָǲ
ƾ㣬ûбҪʾˣοȫƹ񲻿ɵķ񰡣
һ·سǲŷ־¥ʬǵƹʾоȷʵ


389 ɽɽ
о鲻ŷ絹ҲûƮƮȻһŲ豭ϼڣӦֶʾȻڡ
ˣƹ񣡡ֶˮּǿջӻƵĹǮ̫߸߿һԺŷ绰һתӦֶ߿࣬ǺȻѯʵ֪ƹûȤǷ־¥һأţ־¥ּǿջ֣ϳǣо¥ҲǵĶ֡
֣֪ƹôֶ֣ɫѯʵ
ֵķһҵƲ˻ཻһƾƲˣ԰Ѻ鸣¥źճʳ͸ȫۼҡȻ󡭡ŷ赭дּݰᵽҵ룬ʱǷ־¥Ҳܸ治١Ȼּǿջ棬Ƿ־¥ԸһĲǮ棬̸ּ֤ǿջԿһ
󣡡ŷЦּǿջʯȺ͹Ƿ־¥ҲۻƲ˼۸ΪرǷ־¥Ҳṩּǿջ˵ġ
ֶһѯʵⲻڶأ
һԣ̲סЦһ⣬ȷʵֻǶԷ־¥ԡҪôˣּǿջеģ־¥Уּǿջûеģ־¥ͬС
˵ּǿջƣ־¥Ҫȥˡ־¥ƣֻвָּǿջƣЩܹĵĳӣȴûŷ˵һ䡣ټϷ־¥̾ϳǶʮּǿջµʱ䣬͵һ·ڽڴϳڶõľ¥½ġ塭
̣ѾǴžž죬ˡ
ڶǷ־¥ּǿջϵĹɷݡŷĿתĶֶ
Ŷֶı֣δŷϵǰŭЦŹֵ֪ķˣֶէӪջʱȻҲʮ꣬ǰ߰궼ǻججƹߴͽ̡
ŷüͷ΢΢һ壬ϸ˿ֶɫ֮󣬿ڵʵʯȡٻּݡ˵ʵֻҪӪõЩĽɽɽҪȻĳҲֻҪּǿջĹɷݣҪʯȡּݵĹɷˡΪĳҿۡ
ʵҲŷ翴ֶһطţֶܲŶԡֶȻǰּǿջҵʯȻǹٻּݣֵԭ޲ǵּǿջĸ
ҪֿӪŷţǰλƹ԰κһչΪһɽɽһ˵Ϊ־¥Ѿó͢еΣȻΪ󺺹޸֮һȴ⡣
ƫƫƹ۹⣬ʼּͣǿջ档ʱŷɣλƹǲǺͷ־¥ʲôԹŽɽɽɿջչĿɽֻΪ˰ѷ־¥ܡ
ɽɽֶһƹôãʯȡּݻּǿջǰ;
ʯ˵۴󺺹˱֮⣬ܸʯȿĵطѣɱ̫ˣǻʹҲڻʵۺͻǲá̫๬ŮǣһЩóͷϵӹҲԥһ̨ʯȡ
ŷ粻ֶ֪ʯȵƣȴǲ䷳Ľ͵ּǿջֻҪƲ˼۸ۼƵʮӣͿԵõһ̨ʯȣһӿԵõһټϾƲ˵ĳɱţʯȵĳɱӦòֻǮɣ
ֶͷŷĹƲû̫ĳ룬ȫһֹĻɱȷʵǮ֮䡣
ǮĳɱѣĳɱǮˡŷĵ뱡ĻһӺ⣬žͨ˼ңҲ϶취ϼ̨ͬʯȡ󺺹ٿʮ˼ңһֻһֻ̨Ҫƹܱ֤ʯȲᱻ˷ƣҲܴ׵󣬾ڼʮͳһ󺺹ľ޸ˡ
ҲһȻ޷ʯһռ󺺹ĸ̶ţëһŹٰʮӾԲۡ䱳ͬšּݷ棬־Ӫʽּǵһң͸ƣȫչĻ϶ܱ鼰󺺹󡭡ʯȺ͹Ҫˡô㣬Ҳּǿջ׷չҲߡϾּǿջ̫̫Ķ֣󺺹һҲͬ޷֡
һ˵꣬ŷغ˿ں˲衣ʯȡٻּݡѾϱ¥ϧ¥оּǿջʯȺ͹̫ˡ뵽ĸ߽׻ʦʦͬҲ޷Ƴ
Ϊ򵥵ּݣҲΪҲ͸﷽棬¥ԥҪҪһڸһҪѾʽݣҪΪꡢյȾʹٻּݴ͸ϯܿʧ޴
ôû뵽Щֶ͵һԴվ˷ܵĹֵƹһֶ˵νʯ쾪ôּǿջ٣û뵽ɽɽԼȻûз֡
ŷˣôʾôʾԼҲŹκδѹּǿջĻᣬƹӦҲ֪Ŷԡ
ƹ񲻿Ƿ־¥һĴƹ񣡡⣬һѪͶء
ŷ֣۽ǵβƣЦļһ
ֶı֣ŷף϶ϷּǿջƹԼǰϷݳɾ͸Уɲ͡Ҫ֪ƹǺͻҴүŷǱѰĽ顣зڴλƹ͸̫ʦϵǳ
̫ʦ־¥ĴɽҲý߾ȫ£
ƹ񣡡ֶȻѯʵ֪־¥ԸּǿջϵĹɷݣ
ŷһ侲
ܣƹ񣬾Բּǿջˡѡŷʱδ̫ϣţֶƴûƴѡⲻֶ硣
ֻ֮ǸֶһĶӣȵּǿջŲסˣⶤӲŻᷢӳҪáʱֶ֪һյķ֮󣬿϶ʧȥƸƴһսľġ
ּǿջ֮УΪӡ
ŷֶʱۣƴ۵ƴѡһա
ֶ֪ϷŷҲûзܣϾǮҲǶӵ֮һ
ɵĹɷݣһӣǰǣּǿջ밴Ƿ־¥涨ľӪʽӪʯȺ͹뱣֤ÿṩȻ棬ּǿջõһӡƲ˷棬ҲǷ־¥š
ŷѾõֶһԥĵܾȵּǿջϣԺֻǸջ
һԣɿֶǸᣬǸŭŷĻᡣ
ãҲýеڶ׶ˡʾʱȻӦѾﵽԤˣҪǣʵڲôϰ߲ϴŷ磬ȻǰԱּǿջ


390 ּǿջļֵ
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аϲֶ֪˼
ƹ˵ļǮϳּǿջɵĹɷݰɣֶЦ
ƹǰзֵһŷ
ȻһǹʯȣҪıǮҵӣɶѹּǿջ档ֶͷƹҪĻʮɵĹɷȫҲС
⡭ƹּǿջŷֶô˵Լ˵ֶ
ֶҪͱ˵ѾӪһˣּǿջ类ƭ˿ڴֲŷˡ
Ҫûʶ˷ʱɣⷽ棬ȫԵȵּǿջȷʵ֧ŲȥٿҲ١
Ӽ浽ڣŷʵŪףֶôġ
ȻģѲɡֶ¶õƹΪϷˣ㣿
᲻ᣡŷ֣ҡͷĳֻΪƹڿЦѡ
Ȼˣ鷳ƹ۰ɣֶϣƹڿ۵ʱ򣬲µЦ
ŷɫһ´ֶּǿջٰµЦˡ
ּǿջķΧֻ縮ϳǣܹʮҿջϳǷ棬ŷȫȨ縮Ͻʮأ޷϶УֻҪϿڵĸأĹϽʲôֻҪĸؼ¥ƹһ¾ͳɡûз¥ĵطȫһֻºϱ¥С
ŷţҪּǿջ縮ЩּǿջƵýڽڰ˵ķ¥ƹǣ϶ʲô顣
⣬ʣµģǼǮˡ
Ϊ־¥ϳϵƹŷȻԽŷ־¥һּǿջǳ˽⡣
ּǿջߵģϳּǿջÿµŷƣӦò
Σڵ޿ɺּǿջֵ꣬һּǿջÿµڶҡּǿջҵϳּǿջٽ̫ͳּǿջÿÿҵ󣬶ǧҡ
ŷпּǿջϣĿۣ˭Ҳܿó˿˼С
İ˼ּǿջķֵ꣬ҶСӯƽÿÿҲһǧӵңǿУڱĽ׶ΡһΪ־¥ϰس󣬿޶Բ£Ѿſ£ٹŵյľء
ʮּǿջÿµͷȻмڵԾɴڷ־¥Щֳ䣬ֻҪּܽǿջṩĹʯȷֵ¥ֵһᡣοּǿջٳԲƲ˺˷ˣԼλ⼸󺺹з־¥Ǽֵǣ߹ּǿջ
죬ܺƹЭ飬Ժƹʯȡܹṩз־¥ּݽĵַҲڷ־¥Ǳڵ桭
ŷͻȻ֣Լȥˡ
һ㣬Ȼ֣ƹҪԸͷ־¥Է־¥˵һ޴Է־¥ʵټЩ˵۰󺺹еĿأһϺ⡣
һƹȨһǧӡ
һ֮صǧ˼ҵУҵģԲᳬٸ
Ȼŷã⻹ԶԶֶͷ־¥Ǳ档
ּǿջȱǮĻÿӵ⣬߰Ӿ
⻹ֻһСͷͷں档
У̲סŷĳȣҲ࣬ӿ
⣬Ҫ̸£ˣΪ¥ƹѡǰ϶飬϶Ҳ°
ŷǺӣֶϣɷ𵭵Цݡеĳ̶ȣŷ֮ǰ̬
ãĴβˮ֮ŷȻ̧ͷ֣µĿֶȻƹһǧӣּǿջзֵꡣ⣬ּǿջƲˣǷ־¥ʯȡּݣǷ־¥棬Ǯ㿴ô
һǧӣּǿջ棬ͷ־¥ŷŵע£ֶ˶٣ʳָô棬ͷ

ŷ糤˿ֶ˵ʮʱ󱳣Ȼŵĺˮ͸
ڣѾɳЭˡֶ˵Ǯ˲䣬ŷֻ£١֫ÿһطͬȪУ泩⣬һӿ˳
ּǿջ֮УŷţһԼⱲӣΪӢľҲԼһӣӰһ졣
һǧӣּǿջǮԸࡣŷţ߳ļǮȡĺǷǳֵõġܿ϶¥棬һҲͬ
ϲƹ񣬺ϲƹһǩԼƹͽϳָľ޸֮һˡŷվ⻹ֻ𲽣ţгһգƹȻΪ󺺹ָľ޸֮һ
ǩԼֶһǩʲôԼ
ŷһСȻǩһǧּǿջҹ涨ּǿջͷ־¥ĺԼ
ֻ˵һǧӻû˵ͬƹıֶۡ赭дƹҵ˼ˡ

ŷ飬һҲԽ
ǡǡƹöܹܣ
ҾͲ˵ˣ̫ƹԿ䡣ֶЦҿƹΪá
ͷƹӦҲҼƹ־¥̺棬һǧӡ̫һɣ
⡭ƹ£ܲҿǿǣŷΪѵѯʵ
ƹ㣡ֶʾ
ƹ񣬱𼱣ǣȲ衣ŷлиһ
ܿ죬ŷһĬС
ֶ˫΢գ
ŷ磬аЦ
ƲּǿջûܹҪּǿջôס
أŷȻ̧ͷҧгݵһǧӣ֮ǰһƹҲּ֪ǿջ󣬼ֵ߰ѣڣǷ־¥Ը⻨˾ŰӻƹǺʯȡ棬ṩǷ־¥ĻǮ䣬Ƿ־¥ƾ鲼ȫĳӣƹƹȥּݸǷ־¥ƹĺô͸ˡǷ־¥պգȫǽڳУַּڵĻضθù֮ͣҲ£Ǵ㵽־¥Ŀˣศɣ˫
˶٣ŷ˵ƹǷ־¥аһ˾Űӣͬڰ͡ӣʯȡּƹ㵽󺺹ӣҲǰʮʮ꣬ʱ䡣
ֶ棬
ŷ絹Ҳˣϣָ˴ء
ղǷʮɵİܹ˵ֶΪⷬԼ˵ˡ
ŷţԼֶ⼸ɽɽ˿ֲѰæɵûоܾɡ


391 ǲ
Ƭֶ̧̣ͷЩΡ
ƹ񣬼Ǯǲǵ˵㣿
˵㣿ŷȻðβֶ˼вãλƹҲ̫ʨӴ󿪿ˡ
ƹ˫֣Է־¥˵ȷʵһ¡ɶּǿջԣͬҲǰһѾ˽ƹ񿪳˳ܵΧ֮ڵˣ˾ŰӣɲǱСĿϿڣõóӵģ¾Բᳬٸ
ô˵ûǡֶЩˣҾǾе͡
ŷĿһͣŲõƹøóӣ
ƹ˵ɣֶĵԼ˵á
ŷΪ֮磬˫λãֱڽֱߺСּۻۡԼռƣ㾡ֻܿ˵⡣ܲˣپô
ƹҪһʱˣҿǹ̸ôЦŴԲĻƹҲܴѶ¥ʣüǮ̫ߣ¥Ǳ߲⡣
ŷ˿鲻ڣ⼸ʱ䣬ѹһѹּǿջĻ̸С
Ȼϰ
ҪЭ飬ǾǷ־¥ʷܳƹˡλֱҪʲôʲô
˵ʾ¥Ĺ͸˴롣죬ŷҲּܲ尾
ҹζ࣬һôɹʶãҹöϸڣȡͰѺԼҲǩ
⻰ǴŷѨ
һǧӣƹ񣡡ŷѾĵˣҪʲô©ܹõĿҿѴ̡
ֶĬƬ̣ҡͷҾãһ㡣
һǧ߰ӣŷƹ񻹾ò⣬죬͵ʲôҲû˵
ƹȲȲ裡ЦŰŷʯʡ
ƹⲻڣΪ˵С˺ֶЦȰ
ƹ񣬳벻ɣ׼ŰɣŷһŭмȣʾˣƹʾҲζţԼͷ˵ľٶѾɹסƹ
ͷСƹ񲻶Ťͷ˵ĴɱһȨùԹԻ
ŷı£ֶسĬ˺ܾá
ĬҲŷ϶ɽǰ
ڣŷ˷ܵġġеĿУֶ̾˿ƹȻñ£һǧ߰ӡ
һŷݺ˿ڿˮֶĿ⣬Լ
ǵ˵㣡ֶĵ
ۡ
ŷֻһ˲䱩ǶǸоƵİѪŭӵ
֡ƹ񡭡ٵĴŴŷѵһǧ߰ӣѾҵĵˡ
û취⣬ֻܸ洵ˡֶ赭дţ϶ԸߵļǮּǿջ
ŷվֵȻˣƹͺúñŰɣĳǡ
ƹ񣡡ֶ̬ȣŷԤƣûͿ͵ĻҲǸɴ䡣
ŷӹҲסתߡ
ƹ㡣Цǰ
ŷһԲϣ󲽶ȥ
ֶϵĲ豭һڣԵá
һĹŷŤ˻
ǧӣŷ缸ǴȵٸߣǼּǿջƲ˺ˣ;Բˡ
ҾãǮֶ̹Ȼǵ˵㣡
ͣŷͷͻһǰƴļơ
ǧӵ⣬˵Ͽ󺺹ʮڣܳһξ㾪ˣ
ͣ
浱ּǿջ¸浱ʯȺ͹ڵõһ۱
ƹθڣѾǶүҲ̸£ˡ
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ƹ£ǾùƾǷ־¥װװǰּݿ󺺹ˡŷŭ
ѵֵ𣿡ʵ
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ֶУһĨϲɫôˣһõĶ
˵ô˵ֶϵصһǾãǮһ㡣
˵Ҫ٣ŷ
ʮɣֶȻ
٣ŷΪԼ⣬ʮ
ʮӣֶȻ
˰ɣ˵ּǿջжҲֵۡǻʹ⣬ҲûôӡŷܻƹѰİɣ
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һԣҲŲϹơ
ƹȻñ£ȻôͿƹѰġ
ۡ
ŷֻת˼վ塣󣬷ʧϯͷĿѣ޲ֶܰ˺̡
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ȻʼգԼѰĵĶ
һӣŷ绹û˵Ĵϲ󱯡
һ춯صĹͳΪһЦָܣŷŭ᲻
ֶݡ
ΨһģֻǴбŭ֡
ʲô鸣¥һ£ƹּǿջʾֶĵƴֿһּǿջذɵ̬ȡҾãƹĺˡ㣬Ͽ϶ܶĵû
ЦҹƣҲûԶ
ãܺã£ֻҪ£Ҿ֪ʲôû顣ŷŭ޽ӵ
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ֶզ಻ѣѹŷҵʾһͨͲӣּǿջûвپ춯صĺ֣ñѹô
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ǸƹϢŭȻǾ֣ȴֻǸƾ£ûҪɳĳ̶ȡղţֻƹҵʾԭѣŭƹ񣬻¡ŷ粢ûʹʲôĵֶΣҲûҪǳˣֶЦŹеĵطƹĪ֡
ǰƹæǰŷ£Ҳȫǡ˵ƹʾͱˣȡ
ŷγԺŹ⻬ƽ棬ܲһͷײȥ
÷־¥¥ƹ񣬱СӣӲòܲ˷ǵó˵ӣӣĻʣʲô
ңһҲûšҲţֻ֣ԼּǿջĶͬҲֶס
ȡ۱£ײǽѾҲκνİ취


392 ӦĴֵķ
˺һһҪϵŷ뿪˲١
Ȼǲ뿪ˣֶ˲öּ֪ǿջϵǿ϶ġ
ŷߣֶԺãһֱʱֲա
ݣŷ͸¶ĺ֡
ŷŪôֶּ֣ĸо
ŷʾŷױŭЩָͲһ˵˳ҪڹŷһƳٻ콥һּǿջúúһ
ͷۣġ
ֶɱҲ٣ʯů͵ֲĻƿˮ򸣳ŵĴƲˣСг̱оһˡּǹогܼŷɱﵣҪ߳
ȻŷɱﵣϾƴּǿջĿԲ󣬵ƾʮĵ̣Щɱﵸּǿջϸȴѡ
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һԣ¥볬󻧼ҵĶǩЭ顣УԼɲֻô򵥣฽εĳͷЩܹƲ˵ĴЭ鵱УЩ
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֮⣬ģֻ취ЩûʲôּǿջǣֶͿ¥ϰ˫ϲ鲻ף¥Ķһأ˫ϲûж
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Դˣֶ˽ʾ֭óĽַࡣЧһˮֳ䣬вõˮּǿջĳսһ̨ףգȻҲּǿջٳԲƲˣͩҶͻţ衣ټ϶ԽЩƷȫڷ־¥õƲˡڣҪǿһ
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˵ⷽôףȴֵһԡǰǣܴ̽־¥ƲĲϡ
ⷽ棬͵͵һ·־¥ɹޣԷܽ
Ƿ־¥Ҳݡ
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ŷȼ֮Ը໨ȰľǶֶҲбİ취
ŷݣôּҲһ޴ƣǾ͸
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ˣּݵĲߣȻϼǼʮŷûгھӪݵĺ֮ǣķ
ԴˡֶͬҲа취
ˣصĲӣʵ
ʵҪж١
ʱȥŻںϼͽ׸ģûҳҸģԻʲôɣЩΪǮջ
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ӣҫϿϽǧҶ֪
ʮŮͼˣٻԭˣҫ
ӣһ֪ҫǸݰ
ϾܽǰʮĻӣ䶼ʮϡʮϵĻӣŽǬʵ۱ʸλĻӺȺĶһΪ֪֪
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ͨ˵ģֻ˵λӲͨô򵥡
λӽ̻˵ĶǧҶ֪֮Ҳ֤ͬ
һ겻ʱĵ޻ʮͷԩҴʮ˽ֵЦʮ˼ԣ¼ҫ͸ƨɣֳ飬ࡣ
ˣֶţ¼ڴ󺺹ʷϷһĻӵҲ϶СϾ󺺹ʷУǬʵҪѹƴӺȺ
ʮŮͼҫƷ֮һǰ󺺹һָķӽܳƷֵÿһֵǧӣһܼܴ֮ޡ
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ֶ֪ҫôõʮŮͼģҲŷô˵ҫʮŮͼøǽģ˵֪ҫǸݰѾˡ


393 ֵܳĴ¼
ҫΪһֶ֪£ֻͷۡϾһλӸı⣬ѶۣԲ͡
ҪһݰӸı⣬ƾ粻֮͹ˡݣֶĵطô͢ĹעһݰϻӵݣǻǲݰֻҪƹе˾͹ˡ
οֶʶһܸҫƽƽĻӡϳ֪㡣
㱾ͿڲŲ٣лݣҫı⣬ǰ϶顣ңֻҸŮͼɣͺݣҲõҫߵ˻ʲô
һʱ䣬ֶȻϳǴƴ֮µĻӣȴͶ˷ǳľעû취ȻᣬǰּǿջżԨԴ̫ˣһּǿջǱּܻܿǿջδ֪
ʱ䣬νüҫһһ¡
ϣ縮ƽ˾λ֪ĵ縮û̫Ӱ졣ߣǸͬɽʱߣ䶯ĵطǸͬɽʱеԩٲ˶ټŮļͥٲ˶ټңֵҲٲ˼
һʱŻӽٵĺ䶯縮Ľͷβ۵ĴҲԽԽ١λӸ̨ѾԷͷ
ϳǵʮ̻ԵĿһѿء֪УСģҲ͵Ϊ֪ġ
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ٳ̽Ŵ𡭡
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һ縮ơһץһ̰١һڴһ̹ᡢڰļ̵ЩԶԶ
󺺹شﲩ˿ڶ࣬˵ٳܲӴʲôУһ٣ðҰͷţ١ƽһ£ڸİԽֵ꣬ڳ͢ȴʲô顣
һԭҵλ̫үνֶһġһ࣬ɵӰνΪǬʵǶѣǬʵֶԸһֱڿҵϳǼ硣
ҵƾͬɽˣһԸҲȷʵ䶯һʱͬҲȷǬʵ۸˳˾ǡ
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ңأ⼸£Ҳڿʼı䡣̫үѾôҵصˡǮʤҵغŭ
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Ҳ㲻òŪ¼ɣЩԺյҲֻ֮һ߻Եɺϣһ
̣ûʮֶ꣬ΣҲ޷ӵоλӰʱ
㰲ַ֣ǬʵۼݱԺ󣬱λʵ۷үϣҩΨһѡ
밲ֵַȸүͷΣֶǾ޿ܵ顣ҪȻڸյ縮εʱѾɹշ縮д󻧣ЩŪҲ÷ʱ
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ҪһСģǬʵǰͼݱˣδӵأ󺺹Ĺأгɾ͵ĻӣҲжθǡʲôҲûǰ£˸ʵܵͷΣʲôҲ̵
˵Ūϯ縮Ĵ¼ǰ϶顣
ҸƽƽĲݰֵҪʮŮͼʮŮͼ˻ǽˣʮþȵ飿
᲻ֶܾѹûǹ»᲻Ӱ쵽ļƻţһæġ
гһյϻλ᲻ܹвλּǿջֶ֣ö֪СæǶļƻһӰ죬ŵġ
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ֶݺ˿Ҳŷּǿջ֮СҪȻЩֱּǿջһˡ
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͵ĸֻ֣Ҫһȫܹŷļƻ£ڣԸƿϾڴĳһܽݵĵأ۾ԲǵƤԭ۾򵽵ġʱŷ²ΪҪڳôһصľ޸̫ܣֻܴһʾ޿ߵԭ
ʮŮͼŷŪ֣ǽĻģۿ϶Сҫһ仰Ҫջ߽ͼ£䲻ỹʲôģŷз־¥ɽҲòʡ
˳־¥ƿּǿջΪҲøһЩۣԾɵǴˡ
ӦԷѾ׵ʣµģʵʩұʱʵʩҪȻŷ粻ɵӣ֪ԼѺй¶ȥԺ󣬿϶ᾡǱڵʧѸʵȫʵ
ֶϣܿ¯˰ϳǵľԼľ취ϣ취̽־¥ɹ봢ʳĵУЩǷ־¥ûʹõԼԻʱ¢һʱġ
ֶö֮ϵԺ
һ·첽ȦҸȦĻѾȫѱİָ֮ͣŰڵ䡣
԰ͣķţȻֶҲû룬һ˹ȥķ˲ʱ㱬һ޴Ŀ׶
ܵţһˣֶ£ȫŪһСĿռ䡣
ּǿջֶ֮ʼʩһ·Ѱ䡣
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ֶԾϰıһ£ĳһɳ죬ӡеĸüɶȥ
һֱϷоӦǺλ֮δⱻɵѾƼֶóɫһ󣬽ڸ֮ʮ׵ĸ߿У¡
ХֲĦֶڵȥ
ʮסʮסʮס
ʮ֮ʣֶ֫һšǿм׹ͷɲס֮һء
ʲôˣ
ŭ߳ȻֶŤͷһԾ
ȷʵǺãһ䳨ķſڣһװ񡣶⣬𣬾һӰɱ
ӰֶϡԿǹŻء


394 ݻ
أôڸó֣
ݾֶһӣɱֵҲֱҪλأɳȥ
غȻŭֶ
ƮƮһ䣬ûӴܰԼˣʵôﵽʲô̶ȣ
ңֶţڷûʲô֮ЦŽ⿪\
ֶؾȵ
ִ磬ôˣϲæǰ
æֶڽһ䣬Цҵͦ棬ô
ִ磬˵ǽ̸㿪ڵ
ֶͷʮŮͼȻȴڸضŷľϻľǰüë˷һӣҲʲô¡
زУǼ䳨ķ䣬ֶŤͷѯʵôˣ
һǰͻƵڰأ۴󺺹ԲܹͬǿЩδע۷ǿߵˣҲܣϣʱ˵ԺЦݣ֪ͨģͻƵһأΪǿ֮Ըϲû뵽㡣
ڰءֶ죬Ϊ֮࣬ҲǰԵá
ԼĶһصʱţѾﵽĶڰˡ
ԼǰͻƵһأһǰͻƵڰء
ϸ˴Ƕõĸֵ֦ٶȣҲǸС
ŵĶӣǳԽˡֶϵЦݣ
ŵδޡ
ԼĶһصʱѾһصǿߣԼ󾳽磬ﵽһأᰲǿС磬ﵽضѡ
㷨ֶڳᰣ
ңзֵָ鵤ûзá
ֵ֦ͬûʹãֶѾ֦ҩЧĵ߰˰ˡͬҩЧõĺֻһ˷ãһ粻ѡ
ҪãŪֻԼõĸĸ߽鵤ģ뷨Щ˽ԽᰣҲûпܡ
ˣƹڵʵѯʵ
һأֶʵʵ˵ⷽ棬ǰ·ʵûʲôġڿջһ࣬Ҳ֪Լٶȣ²ԼһصʵҲܲµϵʵο㱾ּ֪ǿջжͷ۷ǿߣʵԳ͢вѾˡ
һ٣ЩȻֶ
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õʲô̶ȣܰһ츳ڵͨ˶̶̼ǿ֮ǴţȫڵԴҲ㡣
䣬࣬㣬ֻһյ͵˸ŶĹԡ
ȻⲢӰֶߡĿһɨ㾡۵ס
װμ򵥣ľ֮⣬ֻһ޴ġ鼮ܡ
Σ˭Ҳϲһӵķ䡣
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ֻԼûܵʱѡʵʵ˵ûֶǰʲô
ֶЦЦľ¡
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УҾͶ̡ĻشûκԥڻʹܵĴ̼УֶʼնĹˣҲֵุĴڡ
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֮ⶼûζȴӦΪףֶǲӰ쵽λҪ
ζֶҪ֮Ц²ѣ֡ӾǳҾѾˡ
ֶ΢΢ͷǸ㶨ˣּǿջһĻƣֻ֪ŵζʮþȵİա
е㼱ҹʱ򣬴һֻѱ߽װ㣬ȥ֮󣬳ϽּǿջƹСֶڵ
߽װ£ϳǳϹٵֵĺˡ
Ըоȣϳ̻߼ɱľǴϿһճĺһ֮ϳм壬˲Сĺ䶯
˾ңֶͷ
һֹ
˵ʲô˵ʲôǵĹϵֶЦõŲҴţ
ִ磬ܲܽһʱ䣿⣬ǸĶˣ˵Ҫ̫Ĵ̫ܣõõִҪõϵʱú˵ݳ棬вСİ͵
Ҳͽ˾ˡڰ񡭡ֶ͵һҪֵ꣬һº󣬽û⡣
лִ磡ϲݣõϳǸʱ򣬶ǣߴŵĶô˵ȻСȴҲûߵҪɵĳ̶ȡ
ͲͬˣʱҪԶţһֻߣܹʡ´Ѵѵʱ䡣
ʱ˵ġΨһȱģҲֻʱ䡣
ˣ˵˵ôˡֶδӣеĺ˳䣬µΪʲôãĵطڣ㵽ʲôľ󶯾
ʵҲûʲô£ѾȥϳǸˡʱ䣬ӦþܵЦ޷Һͻӵº˽˼ʿȻ󣬻縮ЩŵĺȺ֮ԴˣԸŵİȻᱻСС͵ĻӷٰЩŴҪʯ鵤鼼֮⳥ǹŻϻӵ¼䡣
ʦΪ岻ǿȨƾ£ɢߣڸıʤǿһ֮ڵŸõĹŻڶͬ˻ӵε֮١ټϻӵֶһʰ縮ڴ󲿷ֵ̰ͼ̣û𵴡ӵ벻һ󺺹ʵںѡ
ֶ⹹룬ȻԼĲ²ࡣֻ֮ͬԼϡԲµѾշĹ;޸һټ١ҷĴϴҩȴ²ʲôط֡
ڹŻڵĹϵعϣȻڽѺڲΪ縮һŵĹŻţ⣬ֻҪܱ֤Ųֵ£㲻
һɹһ֮ذţʦ̫ĲǴų͢㲻ʲôֻǵطĸ٣ǾͲˡԳȥ䵭ӵݣټ϶ڵһϵֶΣ󺺹޴ġ಻ĺ䶯
һ֪ݴţǰŸ̳㽫һٳΪжĻηĿеӢۣΪ󺺹вηǿȨĳù١
Ǭʵ۲Ը⣬ҲɻڴＸꡣοǬʵۻһ᲻⡣Ͼ£Ҳڸ˿ڶӻĶ
Ȼô٣Ҳó档Խ޴ңĲ졣Զں޸³Ϊеľ֡һһٲ֮
ڹŻڵĺôֶţһѵõ⳥ɽͷַԸǡЩ⳥ɶŻڵĿڴŻڣʧ̫µװõԼ͵಻֪߽鼼ʵݣȫһڱ׵õøͬ⳥ŻڽϿŵϺŵʱ
ݻֻù縮š
Ҫϻλֶ΢΢̾˿ʧܣֵӵ»ʴɱ󣬱һֶӻλˡɹҲСƲɵ͵ͻ
ƫƫĽֻԡ
صͷϣ
ˣİɣȻȥˣȳһύӵһ˵ֶеĲˮһ·¶ʲôһ㣬վ
ִ磬ҡֹóֶĻشǳ⣬֪ô͡
Ϊ˻λĻӵõ󺺹ˮ֮У־Ҫ߾ȫô󺺹շʳ㰲
ǰǵڶԸֻǵϻλֶ֮֮һ㲻ƭֶҲף˵ˣֶҲš
û£е㲻ˬѡ
ֶ˰֣ЦŤͷ뿪㵱ʵۣԴ󺺹İնԣӦ֮ѡˣϾ㱾ԻǲвˬֻǲˬǰͦصСƾԼôĻλ֮ѡ
ָϲãֶǿӵͷϣԲԼ
ֻҪԸּǿջŬܶû䣬ֶԸ㵱ּǿջС׵ļƷơ
񣬽ֶӿ˫ȣԾݶ֮󣬻һĨӰּǿջķ


395 Ŀŵв
صջǳѾգſڣ˫ֱ磬бſϴ
ֶǰһʣ־¥ķûϢȻڳˡľϺľ˽
ϳڵļľϼϵľϣɳȥĻƻرǶѻɽټͲѣһסĸµʱ䣬Ҫķʮӡ㵽ʱȫȥ˵Ҳÿ߰ӡ
һ֮ųҵ룬ӥһѾϳǣʼֿǵĻӳԱһӸһҵһľ̸£֮ʶľһϵʱ䣬Ѿľ͵߰˰ˣЩģҲǩ˷ĸµЭ顣
ٶľǧӲĸڣΪ¼ּǿջĹˡЭ飬ΥԼߴٱŷҪ֤ݰʱɣļ㣬ҲľΥԼ𣬼¶ʮӡ
ŷðװҳȥôӣֶҲ¡־¥ݵ飬˽ضľϺľ֮⣬бİ취
֮⣬ſڿȣһ¡Ǿſ˳ǰĺ򸣡
ͬ²һŷӵһԺ鸣¥
ԴˣҲûж˵ʲôϾҲǺܹƵġ
ںֶһھͻؾˡҲ֪򸣶ȻֶæԸķ
к鸣¥ĴֶҲʳ԰ȥѹķο򸣶ֻʣƲ˵Ķ
վ¥Ʋ˵Ķٷ֮ʮŵļǾ¥ϰŵùˡҪȻԼֻҪƲ˵ϺȥҲ㹻Ҿ¥⵽޴
˵ΪּǿջĶʲôʱҪʲôʱͿлȥ
к鸣¥ĴǼ룬ֶº鸣¥Ʋ˵ĶûеĻûܡԭڣΪ˶༸ָͳƲˣʮ鸣¥ôҲֵ
ȵ뿪ֶ򿪷ţһ̤˽ȥ
һգֶëף˲ڵҲ̼鲼ȫ
ĿڷɨտյûκһӰ
ֶȴţΣյֱǿˣ;Բм١
Ȼţɨûκ״ֶ֮ԥ̧ȣ˳䣬һڷϷ
ҲңȴԲҵĴڡ
ǰ
ֶصĿ⣬ȻһĨϲɫ̧ȣҲԭ
̧ͷһϣһӰ
ڣ˫˫֣˨һ֪Ƿɡ
ǰˣǻ˵ġֶЦŹ˹֣󣬽Ÿϡ
һǿߣҪܱ󺺹ǵһˡǰһƨ
ֶɨԹ˸Լķɡ
ֶ붺̲סｷ룬ա
ھص׼۷ǿߣɾ͸ˣ׼͵øʲôۡ
ƶ̨óһľ䣬ֶ¶Щεǰֶµʳˡ
ʳԣ̩Ȼɫ΢΢һֶĿ⣬Խ
ʮ꣬׼۷ǿߣֶţĶԲͬ졣Ϊһ仰ʧֻ̬˵仰÷ŵĶ
ｷｷ
ֶһѴľǣ棬Źʺɫһ͹ȵϯ䡣
͹Ļֻʮ˵ֲ˷˲١ֶǸȻʮǰܹ¡
ЦʮʮסͻڵĽơ
ǰֶֹ
ҡͷֵܣܸܲңｷĲʲôط
ֶһǸ⡣
ˣҼǵֵ˵ÿ͹һΣѯʵ
ֶͷ
Ȼٹһһֽг֣󣬶ֶ
ұѧһְ˽鼼߽鼼ⲻ͸ĵطҡ
ֶһ죬ôôһ˽׾Ž鼼Ͳֵһᡣµʱ䣬Էڵ״̬Ҳȷʵ޷Ūʲôöһֽȣ˵ҲĬдµʱɡ
лǰֶֽƶ̨ѯʵǰϵ֪ʲôϴģôһֱûȡǰĸ߽ʦӦ뵽취Ŷԡ
취УҹͷǴɵģӲȣŽҪϿҪӵ۷ǿߵʵӲϳ˵ľŽСεڣû̫ϣ
ǰɴּǿջסˡֶͻأ
ס£¶⡣
ֶͷԣּǿջгסܱȷǰ¶޺áڼ䣬ҿ취ȥѰӲǿľŽ룬ǰ϶ҲΪһ˼ƶֶ̣ʵȻǰԵͦģûĻӦÿԽ赽һȵǰƿƣĳ֮ҲܵһʱЩն
ˣһҰɣҡͷҲϲס˶ĵط
ҿǰסּǿջȽϺáֶȻ
üһ壬ֶĿ⣬
ֶûпԽԽ̫Ŀ⣬赭дԷǰʵּǿջĻҲּǿջ㱣ϡ
ֵܣƺвң˫ȭ΢΢¶˺˫ȭͷʱȥ
Ŀ꣬ȻֶĪ
ǰˣǿŤĹϲҪвǰǲ𣿡ֶҡͷ˵Էǰʵھ׾ɱңҪƵ÷ǰּǿջǰֻҪջһּ֣ǿջ¾͵Ƭ߲
вĿ˸ĹâһμʱӦûǣ϶вҵĺ
ǰ˵سͬеǴΣûȷͷֶЦҼǵãǷǰسϺݺݽѵһ١
˵ʲô
Ŀ¶ɱֶɱ⣬ȶڵ鼮
ŭһüޡ
ֶ˿ɣԷҲ̩вƢϱ˷̵̣סеɱ
˿һغھأ֮𣬵Ʋ񷲼õĽƣ޷ֻҪƴӲûнĿԡ
οпջϵͳ˹ڣǡ
ȷҪвң
ȷ
ֶĻشնҪշΨһĿֻһǾĿŵвȻЭҪȻԸҲ޷áңԷһжԼԸµԸ񣬲ôԼûôֳʲôìܵĻһĻ
ԣҲ̩вķ˵ʵֶ̫̫͡òһأһ׼۷ǿߣ̫ҪˡΪˣԸ⸶ʧܺڶͷ֮ǰջ޷پӪĴۡ


396 ׼۷ǿߵ
̶ֶ̼ӵʱ䣬ǿסҪһȭֶĳ嶯
ĿŵвԼǾԼнƣһڵǿߣԼʵ
ٻߣʲôƾ̣
һδοԼǵֶʲôƾ̡
Ȼ࣬ţֲֶ֪ǳңûʲôƾ̵Ļƾʲô֤ԼһʱЭּǿջ֮󣬲º󷴻ڣ
ʮ꣬ʧȥò׵õɡ
ȻˣŭҲֶĵɫ
ֶŷɫͫףŭϣʳָּǿջҿԱ֤նϵ
Ծɱ죬ֶûκηӦ
ּǿջҿԱ֤һͻƵĳڣΪ󺺹һ۷ǿߡֶָֽ
ȭͷȻɿֶͫΪ֮ʣȻѣҽǰ̤һ
ˣΪ֮һ䣬ԭɱɱ׺ݡ
ƣҲһ̤
һɽ̮Ĳ񷣬ƽƽһƣŷ˼ƣֶؿڻȥ
ֶɣһǱУԳ̱µһĿһʱҲ˲
ûκԥֶľͬ˷ӿĳˮϼС
ƲһߣƷѾƵؿڷ·ѹǧʱֶұȻ
ʣؿڲʮֵλãȭ
䡭
춯صһ죬ֶˣͬڵײǽڣźԺ˳ȥ
֤׼۷ǿߺŭһмڷмкֵķ˫ɫͫУƺҹелƣڰֵɭУѪâľͫס
ʮûκ˿ввͷҡͷͬС
ҽţ̧𣬶ء赭дһȴ˲䴩˷мϡ
ʯɵС·ϣԼʮֵĻۣһ·ʮ⣬ǳ
۵ľͷһ˫Щȡ
棬ֶ΢΢ǰбؿڼŴִĺŨŨˮϴ
ܺãܵסһƣ۷ǿͣҲͫУɱѾκεĸ飬Ҳ嵭Į·ںֶһ㡣
ϣ㲻ٳһƣ
ֶ΢΢бֱͬɰͦμ͡
ֻʳֶָָָּ̧֮ǿջ԰סǿһ٣۷ǿʮļ٣ۻһš⣬ǮÿʮϲⶥҪĻֻҪڣǧжٸ٣ûҲ취ճáãڻǰܽƹĵλţּǿջϵѡ񡣡

ɫһĵӿɱ⣬Ѿ̲סһ֮Ȼһٹֶôʲôƾ̡
ֻһ֣ɱ
ɱ˵вԼˡ
Ϊȭ֮ƣ̶ķХҽͬһˣһʮ֮ԶһȭȻֶؿڡ
٣ģȴ磬˲Ϣ
ֶ֮ҲûȥܣѾΡ޸ʣΪ¶ϣŷȭó
䡭
һ죬һܼѪֶ󵹷ɳȥ
ֶ壬ȹľƶ£ʮףȻڵ棬
УһĨɫעṴ̃ﳾõֶ
һȭѾȫţ޷һȭɱֶҲ˲ȴû룬ֻǶݵʱ䣬ֶ
˿ڴѪɫˮֶ˫ֳϥǣը˹ѹȥ֮󣬷ϥϵƣ쿪ָ̧ڷѿɫ£ΡΡβָǿ̧
ּǿջｷܹ룬ｷԷǰ˵Ӧ÷ǷɣûϴĻӦǶԷǰͻĽżİڣܶһЧҪȻǰҲͻƽƷ취նǰ档նǰܷſֽŵĻʵܷ
ｷ
Ȼţžϲŷŭֶԭһȭŵķŭɱ⣬ٶҼı
ֻʮｷƭҵģ
ֶûʣĴָ߸𣺡ּǿջǰ֣ᷢһӳԲᡢ󺺹ҲڶҵˡзǰǹƥôҲղġ鵤ġңǰԸһ㣬ְּǿջʦĻĺպںϣ룬ⲻ̩ȷǰǷǰԸİɣ
¶ܿ죬ʧȡ֮ģľŭ
ͷ˵ŷ˿̵ķŭ
һ١ٶĿвǷ޷ԭµ顣ڵڷӿ뾭У̵ĺˮȫ
ĳ£ߴǧƽ׵ĺԺŷƣϲ
ŭͻڻǹ£Ʋ
ԶʮףֶԾܸܵǹɻصơڣƵǣ£ڵɧһͽٶҡ
죡ѵأ
һХһɳ죬˲ʧããҹɫСǣ£ֶ̲סǰбĽŲĳǰһ
˸ŵǻԵգƾֶôҲ޷ҵټ
ֶףһȻ˷ȫ˵Ǽϲ£ȴҷȥ롣
˫ۣ΢΢ڸ߶ȼеע£ɢ
գһ΢ɼȴܸоѹ³УǿֶٵȥˣţĳһطķͣʱԽһҲԽ
ҽţӭѹ̧𡣶ŶͷδµĶ飬ݺݳǰһ̤
ʱȻһǳĹԣһ˲ʧ
һ룬ֶϷգȻһɫĻڡ
ǵ£ֶԲʮףڣֲļѹ£Բʮڣγһεѹ壬类סһÿһ£ϻ
䡭
ڵʯ֮䣬ֲ㼱ٳ¡
һ죬ط񶶶Զ֮ס¥Ҳⶶоѹս񲡭һʱ䣬綼·
ԺУһʮףֱŶʮ׵ľ޴Ӷھе
Ӷ룬ĺͬ㼱١
˫ͫѾúɫɫͫУĹâȰǻҪʮٱ
һм
ķԼȫһɵ
ʲôʲôֻһ㡣
ش˭ҲвԼ


397 һٱ
ûǰԺɧڼƽ֮󣬷ϥ
յĵѾûһ˿Ĵڣھȴ
ŬŲָϣǰһСŵĴ䵱С
һľȻ֡
ľ䣬ֶ֮ǰڷ͸Ǹ
ƿľ䣬ҹɫɺҫｷҡҡͷ
ҪִԲ򣬾ƾ֪󺺹ｷޱȵڣôڿջ
˿ռֶҺ̩а壬вСĺøУټҵｷԸ⽻ֶѡ
ϧ˵ͨѣǼʮѣڷͬҲûʸвԼ
ݹǰƣһｷſС
ʮ֡ʮ֡ʮ֡
ԣｷͣ
ǷԸģ֣ƺʲôץסһ㣬ôҲ޷ֺ
ô£
һܣͼ޿ӵأվһӰ
ϰϰŵĽζֶͷŷԲ
Ӱ֮󣬻һ𣬻Ȼվ𡣿ֶĿ⣬ľ
㡭ôû
ӵвֶ֮ޱ飬ȴֲ֧
ϧķȫŭһֶ˵бסǣԭʧܺ󣬰ѷ߳ջȻʱɢƺͿǡȻʱͨŵǱһܡ
ֶţûʵｷĲأͷϵｷֲ϶ô뿪ȵͷ취סơ
ľͨȥǱܷͷļƻȻòˣȫԼְѷסҲˣŻʱı⣬ÿջϵͳ˹ܣԼ˳ȥ
û۷ǿߣǰϻҲǿȱƽ˸߳ٱǧѣһֳ齣ǰͬһ׼۷ǿߣƲ񷲼õĽƣֻҪһһֱס
ͬϧŭһҲб״ı״˵ûô
ԲϵԲܹϵĽơһ۷ǿߵջ󡭡ڣּ֪ǿջߣҲܲ˺ľȫ˵ڷΪ˲ܱ˵в
ֶûа취Ԥڷʱ䣬ȴҪʮӣܵȵԼǰ콣ڵʱԾ޷
ʧܵļʺͲԤ֪ķࡣܿæǰæ󣬰æһ
֮ô鼼˫ȭŵĶֶȫëź塣
ԷȻ۷ǿҲ󼰵δ֪磬򣬲֮Բܴڡʵǰɲòš
ٶȿ쵽ܹ˲ܿԼĹٻߣǿѾﵽԵֵһĳ̶ȣԣֶв֮һһصǿߣǾ޷ﵽٶȻǷġ
鲻ģֶƵ
׼۷ǿߵĵףٶðŭ𡣿ɲͬǣһΣж
˵һȭɱֶʮĿӶڵ˵ҲǼ¡
΢΢һһϲұۿ̧еｷȥ
촽ʮ֮ʣƣһƶֺ
ʲô鼼Ȼ̧ͷЦòõֶŭޱȡʱ޷ֶɵġ
Ž鼼ֶЦ
Ȼ⻰ԼѰġ
ơƹ񣡡
Ժſڣ̱ƼԺľֶǺŵľ޿֮һľЩ˵
ֶĿ⣬ٶȴ磬ڵ磬ȥ֪ͨ취ܵŵĿˣѣÿ˵ӶУ˵ǺԺоϡŹֵʱʲôСײ֮ɵ춯
Ѿȥס¥ˣȥһӦһֶͷ֮󣬻һŰ׻Ӱӣһ伱ƮеİƣԺš
ֶ˿ڵһʱȥס¥Ӧÿɧûȫ֮ǰ
ֶ̱ԣƼķķ֮󣬻²ɾȵƹ񣬷ǰ
ǰ̫˵ʲôҲּǿջסֻǿˡֶȻ
ǿ̱ͣ˲զ࣬Ʒ˼ˡ
ƹӢ䣬Ҳôƺƴ󣬷۴󺺹Ҳƹôͺ
Ʋʧʱĸ蹦̵£ѵõǣ̱ȴǰ֮Աǣ΢΢ͷ
ŪộϷʵ۴󺺹ȷʵҲֻƹôͺ
һ˫Ŀգ⣬ƾֶôҲԲٿ˵һ仰
콣ڵʱ콣ڵˣûٱ鼼տڲԣδɱɱҲͷˡ
ǰҺܺ棡ֶЦ˵㲻ҪȻҰңô
ƤҧǿŲȥŭֶ
һΪǰҧԾأֶЦ
Ǻţţš
ţһֶ֮ǰвԸⲻƺҲҪɱֶڵвʵ̫ˣҪſҧԾֻǰ׳ɵӡ
һ仰һ׼۷ǿҧԾȥԳΪǧЦ̸̫ʵԼǧЦܿܳΪʦӲҪµķ̲ġ
ǰǲԸּǿջֶѯʵ
տڲԣ󲻺ãԸ⽫Ҳס
ȻԸ⣬ֻܱƷǰˡֶһ֣ƣҸӣѷǰס
ϣ
ûκԥҲˣһԾ޿ӵУ󣬴Ӵóһ˿ûʵֱİ
ƹôԷǰ²̫ðɣֹǰͬҲģʱ򡭡
ֶ֪ǵԼԺһֱڿջЦЦҲûƣڵǰҪǲԸ⣬˾ǡ
ˣ˷ǰʱջѰô죿
֮ǰ㹻Ժͽĺôˡֶ赭д
ȻԼΪܾ⣬𰸾ô򵥡
ʱ·ƵƹѾˡ
ǰֶԸһ֮Ťͷ̱æһϣЩˣߵֺò˶
̱ͷת뿪
ƴűƵͬӵķԾ
ǰּǿջգСƣǱ߳ԱôֶЦʵ
һտڡ۹᳹ףδᡣ
ǰԵĻǿɾ͵ֶ˸ԱȷǰĻᡣֶЦһ֣ʯ
ƴŷڽͻµĺ棬׷ֶ


398 оƽ
ʯ£ֶûļƷǣԹ˿Žϸڡ
ӿ÷ʱֶѾһѣӲƷЭɹˣּǿջһٶһλ۷ǿߣʧˣֻܽͷʵͽ⡣ۣǸ鵤ΪͽѣǷõͽ֮ΪּǿջһǿС
Ѿ޻ͷĿܣֶȻȥ룬Ѵ⣬ԷһƵףֱЭԼйΪֹ
Ҫǵ飬һƵסԷԸ񣬺׼۷ǿߵϣȭ֮ıȣȻǺôֶµķǣ嶺ŪϷˣһ
׼۷ǿ߱˶ŪϷˣ϶ʲġ䲻ڹһͻЭΪ˻ָʵһسӣԱЭ϶ܼϲٳɹʡ
ˬĲ£ֶȻԸɣѡơһƻԼɵøáԼûôʱȥŪҪһǣĳЭˣ϶ҲһȥƾݺἸʮٰڶˣ¡
Ͳ£ɻƸʺϣҲϰߡ
üͷ΢壬ĿƮɢֶ״̬飬ˣܴѡ˳Ĭֻ˷ûκζ޷۾ţټȫĬʲôҲʲôҲټҹ¶Ʋδ֪ĸоԷԣҲе㼹
ڣһŲԶļů
ƹ񣡡̱һһ̣ʯԺһԺ󣬽̷¡
ˣ£ֶȻ˫ֵۣǶȥ
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ǰֶһƿ̳ŨŨľƮɢ
Բͬ붨ɮ
ֶЦЦץ̳ŷǰĴ뵹ȥһԣǰҪǾòþ̳ȡ
ʣվŵƣ̲ס˿ĭĿֱžӨ͸˵ʲôдֶļƻ
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һѾ벻һӣ׽ϤģҲ
һŵ˲䣬ͿԿ϶Ϲ̲ˣŲȴų̲ˣ涼дｷֵһ̣ѾһСһС飬ｷӦʮڶʮĸͬһСһС飬ʮ˸
̲ˣȫųｷУҺҲĴڳ
Ѿһ̶ûгˡ
˸ձƲץסǼ죬ֻҪѵʱ򣬷ûôʱ䲻
꣬ͷҧ
ƫƫòšþɫԵûвռǻĿˮʱСһһ㣬Ψ¶ʲôߡ
̶ȣɼһߡ
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һɱԼ׼۷ǿߵſ£ƾӦõġ
ڣëķ˲缦Ƶֻһǳ۸Ķ
ڷָʵԺ᲻Լ鷳˿𣬽ˬУĹ᲻
оƽŰ׼۷ǿߵĻᣬɲ춼еġ
ԣһЦץס°͡
ǰ̫ˡ
΢΢һ󣬷򦣬޷ܵУſ
ǰһƣ÷֮ķӣ˼£ͦʵģҲ࣬ӽ۷ǿʵˡǺͨ˲һ
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ԼҵİУ̹ǣХףֶȴйԵĳؿ͡
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ֶصϳּǿջ¿ջ⼸֮󣬲δϻ¿ķֵ̣ǻط
˳㣬ϴɾ˲ӣȷɱԼ


403 ûʸΪ
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һֱҹų̱ĽŲ߽Ƶһǳ⣬ԶȥȻǳ̱Ҫˡ


405 ֻץ˸С
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콣ڣ̩ƲǰҲǺúȵĺȣúĺ𡣻ڳϣʹ
Ψ᰺ͷδڹ˵
Ϊ̩ŭƲ񷣬ԺԽƲĵӡҩ鼼ʲôҪ̩ԥĴӦڣһЦϼΡ
̩Цݣ콣ڣֻзż
Ʋĳ谮ͬԷѵ̩ûǿҪһҪɣҪģֻǷʵܹﵽԤڡƲ񷣬ԷѵһҪ֮⣬δǿҪһҪ
ټȷʵ츳˷߰ĮˣȴҲֻܸСŵһȸµĸԡ


406 ˵
̩ڣʾ
ôǽӵŴѶȻ콣𣿡
ңңʦ壬Ȼǿ˵ҲɵǺʦʦ壬ﱾһ·콣ڵģ·ϳǵʱһ룬ּǿջƹһû뵽ƹȻְҸץˡʦʦ塢ᰡң
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ֶһ죬Ű겻ֻһʯ
ʦ֪ˣ֪ˡں޽ӵĽ
֪ʲôãɱһ룬̩ڶһ
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޺޻䣬һ²ֵģ̩תȥ
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ڽѵң̩ȭͬһͷŭʨӣֶ
ʦ֣æ룬ѵƹᰵѣʦܲںһСƽϰɣ
̩ɱһͣԴָѡ
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ĪæǰȴһƸȿԹ˵ֶʦʦ壬ôܾôˣ
ȡֵܹ˭̩һֵֶƹǺڡ
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ֶĹʲô治ģĵܲܳ׼ʩչʩչ֣οһ˵顣


407 ˲
ϲ񡮰ջżĿԸջӺ˲ϵͳ
ϵͳʾֶӴϱӽгǰɽѾˡʱ䣬ֶԤƵһʱһ¡
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ϾѾǳˣһתһް·ηη£г޷ȡĺ䶯Ч
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ֵֶӣһòĸꡣ
ڣˡ
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Ӫҵһǧİʮһ
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0/45
ƣ46
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6/8
ֵ꣺111
С԰10/20
2/20
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ȻǿԣҪٰʮתһȦǽԪͣԴңɽһ꣬ɽһ
Ķжֶһŵķ䣬򿪿ջϵͳ˲շ䵱С󣬵ջͼһֶ˲١
Ϊ˲񷿵ķ飬ÿһƽҵ˵˲е壬ƽ棬ľ
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ӦǾûֽϵ˼ºȲ񫣬ƿװЩؼȡóƲװ
ּǿջʲôʱĶҿ̳ľƣ϶ֹúô򵥣˵ԺбʲôЧ˯㣬˾ʮ㡭
֪ǮһϴΪ˻̨ʯȣҼͷĸϻӲǱһڲȾơ˵Ļûָܺϼˡ
ǿɲһּǿջȻóйӣ϶ǴôҶûУһӦٲˡң˵ãƺȥ˱˧أʱͷĸϻҹ϶øŪһﳢ
⻰˵áһ˧𣿡
ĺͿտյĽֵ޷赲ʮλ˵顣
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ƲˡʯȡǡּǿջĶûгֹƷ
֧ӵǰۡơҶλּǿջӵĴУڸоʱԺ󣬴һӡ

۴ӵĳ̩ɽƺҶĳӣʻȥʣּǿջķ룬ǴӳǱʼ·ųǶͦ
Χ۵ǣδɢһӢѡ˸۴
ֶͬҲѡ¡
ּǿջĺԺʮֻӥڱϵĻ߶£ĴչɡּǿջٶϿԺ󣬻һߺȣӥɢԳǶĳǽΪ㣬ȷֲʮϡ


408 ܵƹ
ٵƬ̣ΧӵʮԽԽ󣬽ֵԵСҲγ֮ʮϵĻǸһ
Χ˵Ŀ£̳ײСƤܣĲλ⿪
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Щˬּǿջģ׳һ£ǰѼ¸ʱһߡ
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ζͨĻ㣬ӦûôŨͺţӦ黨Ŷԡ
ʱΧ۵ɧһͼѰҳԴͷ

վڴͷϣұһӣ緢ĺһ
һ̣µŴʻľɢٶҪ˼ŸС
˭Ҳûע⵽УһֻӥչĻһӴóһ֮
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쿴쿴ֽ棬򿪺Ҳֻ㣬ҸŨ
ܿ죬ԽԽ࣬ƮƮµֽһľ£Ҳ·ĴС˲ڳ֡
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ֶڲϷڵĴվƬԺ׷ӡ
ųӲǰ֮ڲӶ
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ʽܵ𱬳̶ȣֶܻЩȴţһżϾ⻨㣬й涨ʳòԺ󣬿Իͭ壬ù涨Ѻ͹涨ߴڵƿûװһЩؼҡ
ﻨĻ㣬񡢰Ųһƿ鷿һƿԷһƿڷáкôҲƷζǳǣԺ󣬿϶Ҳ޷ܾﻨջ
ЧģţëɼǮȴԲ͡ﻨڶģÿһļ۸ڶҡּǿջװĻͬȵĻ㣬۸ֻҪǮͿԵõˡ
ңּǿջװĻ㣬ܵڸǵķΧͻŨ̶ܳȣڷһﻨڷҪࡣ
ȵʳţּǹһе͵Եڷ϶ĻƿΪƷƳֶţЩƿһΪҸرװƷ
Ȼܵͻû߾Ʋ˼۸һЩɱȥĻ㣬׬⡣ңԿջž޴
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ֱʱֶ֣һ߳ţ֮һ߸Ϊʲôӻһֱ˲񷿡
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һ׷һװֶʯ¡
˴ƣ˷Ժֶ̻
һٳ꣬ʰԺֶһûһĿ⣬ʱʱ̧ͷգʱʱɨϼ۵ϡ
ʱһһĹȥϣûκνԪƽУҲûʲôŶƿ
˱ֶᰵϣƺû̫Ч
ֶ벻ǣСֵΪѾ᰾ӴʱڶѶȡ
Ӱһֱĵڶ峿˵İ˱ӳɣûκκ·˵һ𣬳Ҳȱ̸ʣֶסˡ
˱ӳɣķѵʯһǧٰʮ顣ӵĻǧҡ
ֶȱӣڣҲһ쵱ĸˡǧ˰ӣ㲻ʲôҪϵµԪʲôģҲζţ˼ӳɵĻ˱ϵͳ涨
һĻԿջмİЩˡϾɱ̫ˣٺõˣҲˡһ̲ٽǧȴЧּ֪ǿջڲˣҲж˻к˼ӳɵĲˡ
Ҫ˵Ļֻܴľ֣ЩյľȻרƼ۸ߣÿĲˡֻǿܰѳɱһִʳܹܵĳ̶ȡ
ЧԶ涨ˣһǧӳһ̣׬һǧϵĺƸˡ
ֶᰳǵתתֻ߽ܲޣԺſڣһӰҴ˽


409 Ч
Ӧֶ̧һϰףȴ롣
ϵԪҲǵ¶Ŷǣϲ
һ·ֶܵǰкһԺ¶ϲɫƹ񣬿Ѿˡ
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£Ԥʱ䵱С
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Цǳ϶ܱ֤ȫּǿջ
ֶҲ̲סһ壬ɵʱ䲢û̫ĳ룬ȴǸСľϲ
ϴһ˺Ժֶԥһ£ҡͷϴɣÿ˷ٰʮӣһ١
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УƹûʲôĻͻȥѯʵ
ȥɣֶ֡
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ܶʲôȤȱȱ᰻ǵͷ
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ֲҲʮأһЩҵأҪһء
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ᰵͷûиκνͣһȥ
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һߣһģֶһã񲻶ţ֮ǰڵķ򲻶졣
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״һô·⣬ݲݽס˴λáУһ겻ʮŮιҡι㣬ȵĳŰӡ
ΣֶǰΣ磬ȴǵһϡ
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ֶǰһ뷨ľƺĻԽٵĲԽáϸ룬ǰ뷨ˡ
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˼ǰֶˮܵ·ߣ˼ӳɵĿ꣬ΪּǿջƲˣͩҶͻţ衣
ˣɱֱһҺʮңȥļǮȴһ̶ӡ
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˵綼ʱ䣬Ļвˡ
һ£ֶ׳ȥá
ƹ񡭡ҿȥһôֹڲ֪Եɵǰ£óóȻȥ̸飬˵˲٣ͬ׸ųԿ
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ĬȻͷ뵱ǰҲӦֵֻÿʦڣҪܰʪ没龡ˣȷʵǺһ
ֶطƬ̷ֵ飬ٳʱѾ׼á
ֶǰƿ˽ȥú󣬴һӣˣ
ְһ˦ޣӺԺ󿪵Ĳʻ˳ȥ
Ƭֶ̣ţ⣬տյĴֽС˽ֵԵĵ̻֮⣬С̯СѲӰˣǲǰİٷ֮һǧ֮һһЩĺ֮⣬׼ѼӰ
壡Ӷޣֹ֪᲻ʪ没ˣ˻ЩҪɽˣǿɾͲˡ
ֶЦЦδڡԼѧ䣬ҲͬĹǡ
ʪ没ѳΪһֲϳİնҲϰ˲٣Ȼ˵Щ£ȴηЫ˺µɽˣ󺺹κεطûвɽ˵İա
˿ֶ˫΢գڣ뾭УٵС
һֱٽԽԽأͣ
ƹѾˡ

ֶƿһƣԸоȡ
ͣڽβֵһȥȫǸɫԣơҶţëʮ֮ࡣ֮Ŀ϶ˮйͨ
ǵĵ̫һ㡣
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ҪȻ˵ܼҲڼͷ󺹵Ρ
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ʪ没ģּǿջֲˣ־¥ͬҲûʲôôŶԡ
ˣƹͥŲǷݳȣǷݶŷĳʰ·硣
Զϵƹ϶ּᣬϳ˭ֶ֪ЩԸŷȥˣʾʱҲˣƹ롣
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ֶŲӿβϴּǿջŴŷҲһʱͷԷȰɱﵸǰ͸¶ˣŷĥƤӡ
ŷ粻ѣżӿŲ׷ȥ۵ȴִ˲ƣֶȻЩͨ˿ϵġү˭¶ֶΣҲ׾öԷһͿء⻰ƹ˵ǲǣ
ֶƢһ
ŷЦ𿪵ԭƹһɲⰡүⳡʪ没νʱ꣬ƹɶϳǵľ¥ҵԺ󣬻̧ܸ֣Ƿ־¥ںȵˮˮźá
ƹ⻰б¿ȥ⺰һֶұ֤־¥죬϶˼
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ŷһ㶣Ǻ
ֶȻһЦⲽá


414 沨
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õĴٶƽ׵Ŀռ䣬ڷŶʮŴԲ
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ʮŴԲϣѾ˹룬½һԲŵʮŴްļ֮⣬ڳˣƾжϵĻ޲ǷǸ
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ƹ룡۽ֶ·һŴԲ
ֶɨмʶϳǵ쵱ľ޸һϳϮʮĺүּǿջĲֶÿ껨ʮӹĿΣλҪһ
ڶŴԲ£ֶһ߸ͬĸ̹кһţ̽һˡ
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º󣬲ЩҲԿõͣ˭ҲץӿСӡ
ӣһ̨˵ȷʵǱСĿ̨λñҪ㡣ֻҪλãôҲûš
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ʱͷӶ洦ɼĴλԽԽ٣ȵûãһߺڴúŴ
˵
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󣬵䵱ҵͷ˵һλһһԼһ㣬ɡ
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ܵÿ̨άͻȥĹάȻ˼ֵֶ֡ʱֶҲ沨˾ӿз
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в˾ãӿֻΪÿҹμӣʲôеĻƾҲֵˡ
һƬ塢Ľ̾ĻУӿһӣٶȳϵһ
³زܳĸоˣȡ֮ģļɵ
׼ڳ˵УһҵԪˡ˭Ҳܱ֤һù᲻Լ
Ȼɵɵϣ޲ϾĿ⣬еľƣһһһǵξƲʣ
ҳԲˡƱˣǿõĳģұӿЦȡٺ»һ㣬ʱҳԸõġ
ЦŴֻǾֲ䳡˭Ҳûҽӻ˭ҲӲ⻰˵Ʋ˺ãзӿṵ̂ӵɣ˵Ʋ˲ãдɣӵպãָᡣ
һֱ沨ֶƺץ˵ʲôƾôʾ֭һʱҲ벻͸еĹؼʲô
ӿûҪ˵ֻŶԡڳˣ˭ų̂⻰֮ǰĳ滰һݷǳԵα


415 ³
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ͷ˶ӿϳˣ˵ϢͨǣϳǺͯҲ˾֪
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ʱ򣬰ѿصصҩϰץһһӿϹڹ
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ӿ̧ѹѹȵĴûָſڵλĿٸжи飬֪ԸԸ
⻰һʱӦǾãˣҪˡ
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ҩûжϻֻۼ۸񣬶ڻʵءӿҪץסţͬҴҩ̵˷顣
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ӿЦˡ
ΣҲݵĳɱ̻м¼½֦ҺʵʵĺҲݣ̻ͳһһҩȫɹɱҪ˲٣ǶһꡣεٻҪһʮңҩ̵ĻӦҲ򵽡
ӿ׷ʵҸѺҲ͵سǣ˸ָ·߷ɢȫظظӣ֪ɱһǮӹ
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Ҫǲ֪ĴϣҲÿʮͼҶ
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컢Ľ飬Ҳǡôûˣ飬Ҳûӿ˵ʲô˵Ľ顣
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һӦ첽߳á
ʱ˷Ż˽һһΣīֽ׼׵֮ӿֵһλϺ
Ըӡ
˷ӱʼ顣
ʧİգлүĿӿһλһһϺæ֡
ӿĿ⣬ڶλϳٶ겻ĸϰ彭췽
ĳԸӺס췽æڵ
ʧİգлϰĿӿһϹһλ
ƹ񣬲֪٣겻ɢŷ磬һֶ𣺡ƹϳĴˣ˭ʲôѣһ뵽ľȥּǿջֻмӵĻºƹ
ֶʧЦˣڰѼ۸̧ˣ϶Ǻ˲ˬ沨ӣõĻּǿջȷʵ⵽Щ顣
˵ĸѡǴ
ֶʧЦǣŷЩ̫Сˡ
зΪʤֶΣαؽƽСʧ
ӿĿ⣬ǰλ˳ƶģܿڶֶ
ĳԸǧӡֶ
ʧİգлϰĿӿһϹֶһ֮󣬶һλ
ֶĺ棬ŷһĲ죬û뵽ֶĻش𣬾ôƽƽÿÿʲôѹλƹ֮ٲŶԡ
ѵһθ˾͵ֵˣѡˣ
ݵĲŷϣŨŨЦ⡣
θ˶Ʋˣ޿ƵˣȻһʧ


417 ûû
ʱ֮󣬳˽ŴԲŰ⣬ӿĿлһŵ򲻵ȵͻ
һȦͻļֵߴ˰ٶӡ˰ٶ͸ĳˣֱӾͳһ޸
̨λõļֵɼһߡ
˼ȵеĿⶼ۽Լ֮ӿһɵյλĿ£Ѿûк֮ǡʣµģֻһգϣλܹ
ȻУ
̨˵ĳǡ컢ǵһվѾ⣬һӸӿ
ӿ˵ͷһգŴҲܲµóǾôİա
ȷʵǼͷ۵顣컢ͬеĵͷһ̵̨֪ûʲôð취
ǰٶҲֻܽյʳ⣬סûнĳ޶ۣʵ벻ʲô⡣
ûаȫ档ɽˡƦĳãôã޷žЩ˻ȺС
컢ѾˣٱҲȻٶ
ӿѹѹƣڵٵи⣬ֻҪλæ֪λԸԸһ
̨˵컢Ȳȵ棬Ӧ糱
ӿ⣬ǽλլۡͼҶһá
ֶһֻ΢һ˼еűȻʡ֪ŷ絽ƾʲôˡ
ӿ赭дһ仰ֶֹɾ޴Ҳ˲ʱը
⣬ȷʵڳ˶ԣȴǳΪѡ
˵ңլۡȻСһֱûרլԺֶּǿջĺԺּأͲʮĶϳһЩƺ޸լۡ಻ֹһߵܴʮ֮ޡ
Щؼһ԰İաȻ󣬸ҵĻҶ߼ʮǧԹլۡİգԴ´ࡣ
Ҳ͵ڣӿϳǵӣ˵òפ۶òŶá
ǣƷʧԡլۡĻܱƻҾΣաҪô˿׾˵ʮϵ鷳£ңЩ鷳ǳء
˵ڳˣԸپӡЩ˵ĿɸҳĻԸʮƽ¡
⣬֪λΣӿЦˡ
̨Ӣĳϳǹ崦լۡһ£һӦò¡컢ٲȻΪӿԵףǵһվ֧֡
ĵģ˲ûи磬һͷоǰĲˮ
λвĵط˵ӿЦУŵ⡣
ǧ㲻ԸȴҲֻܿڱʾ֧֡ӿ⻰в˼̫Ũˣ˭ỳɣǰͷԵˣΪ˸ٱǧĴۡ
˭ɵӵ񣬲˳ͷȻû˳ͷȻֻһ·ߡ
ֶŷһֱֶʾԸ֧֣壬ŷлλԱٵ֧֣ţİգһλĴ塣ӿǳһϹ֮ǰЩͬǣ˵Ŀ׻ࡣ
ӿЦ֪ǰˣų϶ڼǺԼ
Ȼλͬ⣬¾Ͷˡӿ㿤ûݸլۡĴСŰõλԷģǻȥ̸֪ͨ£ԺӣҲ԰ϳͨ˼ҡˣ̫ߡźԺ󣬱ٻפæͳƻǨơʱλլۡУõĶֻϼҴڵİգˣٻ䳡ڳӪʰòפڰλլۡİգλһ³̣Ҫͬ⣬粻ܽլۡĳطȵȣΥץ͵ãýﴦȻԼҶͻҲϣλһ³̡

⻰һȺس˿õĶϼҴڣҵǼ˻İգ鷳ȻУҪļڡ
ظˣӿȻһЦ˵ٹһأͿԲںǷŭˣڱϾûʱܰĻð
һȵðӿλլۡյĿλ֮ǰȻʲô¡ҿｻ̻ȫȨ𣬸ƷҲ̻ͳһ͵ҸºͳλżҶ۽ľʧȻͳһԲȻƷڣЩҪλйⰲţ֪λô
ԴǣԶӣǺһ
󡭡ӿ̧ͷսսİˡ
æΨΨŵŵ֪ôźá
ǰûԼӽӵѶʼһֱǻجج֪롣
λϳǿջƹµĻƣס޷ɶٮٮߡӿѯʵ֪λƹԸԸջĻƵðæס޷飿
ԸԸ⡭
˲ͷ
ǾͰλƹˣջʧý˫λӿе
æл
̨ˣּǿջĻƣϳϺŵġŷͻȻվڵ룬ּǿջĻưæİʱ϶°빦á
⡭ӿЩɵĿֶ
ּǿջԸЧȮֶ֣֮͡£ܾˡΪİֻ֮Ӳּǿջ绹ҪƷ
ң߻вȵİ취ǰһܾûвȵİ취
ŷ¶ϲֶ⻰˵ϲһ
һӣ͵ʵֵ̫뵽ô˼İ취ȥ¥ƹ񣬾¥ʧ
ջռˣƱˣûû˵£ѹ޷Ӫҵϳǵǵ·̣ټռҲݣûµʱ䣬޷
֮󣬻ȰѺҲ͵ʪ没ȫסԺϳղŻᰲŻȥˡ
²ʹӣû߰˸µʱԲ
߰˸µʱ䣬뾡취ܵİѸ೬󻧷չΪͣʱּǿջٿţôͷʼϳǳѾ־¥ռľ档
ʱּǿջʵϳ㲻ѣƾӲʵԴ¥ĴʳˡҪϳǳǰһڶ죬ȴѾǳ롣ʯȡﵽ͵ĳ̶ȣܵҲֲ˶ãּǿջԳ˵ѾûʲôʸУѾȥ˷־¥£ΪʱȥּǿջּǿջѹԵʵС
ѹԵʵԣŷֱӻ̫һȼˡ
ʣּǿջϳǵĽֻ֣ꪳɳСС·ѡ
ӿƵĿֶһĨЦл˿̵ǲ޾еĿϲȴ˿ŷ硣
ӡӿ˵ɾ͸Ѿܵܵˡصģٽһģʪ没ٽһĻԵ


418 ٷ
ĿȫɨӿУǰ߸ϵϣº͡ϵЦݣ˲һִ˲ӿĴ
ȻǴ˲ɣλǳ˲¹ͷĿ̨ˣһΣ˿ҷӿѾ˵һ£˭֪᲻ֻʪ没һ¡Ͷٷְٱȵľ񣬺ܾܿӿӱԵͷӶʣ
һɨ꣬ӿϵЦݼ˼֣ЦɫҲˣλûĻ͵Ϊֹô
˰˿һӿľȵӿԼԶ֮ʱ򲻶ɫֶ
ֻǰû˻ֶֻ˵һӡпջһͬû˻ɣֶǽĵù
ȻûУλ룡ӿϯһֱͳֹͣһתŵЦݵӣȻų÷⽮˷ܡ
˳Ҳȷʵֵ˷ܡ
˵һһ˵ķӦȫƵС
죬ڳһѮԲꡢϻڱеʱ̣ӿţ󺺹ûκ˱Լʸְλ
Ľ쿤̨ȫ㹻е㾡ԴʡȵͻȻһΪǬʵϿ̽ȷԼı֣Լһٶʪ没ĺ󻼣ͬӹɡ
ټ˷־¥ƱҩԺ͹ƱֻҪ¶͸Ǭʵۻ»һʱµİѱηҲϰ
Ρڣӿа˳ɵİգλãӿԼơ
飬ܹܹԱĿǨƽʱ̣Ǹɽ󣬵Ǭʵ۵һ첻һ죬λ֮Ѿﵽˮȵĳ̶ʱλãȴλĻǱ£Ķ
ֻҪ׼пܳΪ»ʵĻȫ֧֣һ»ʵǻеļε׻λȫ֮
ܻλ֮ʱڣְλҷԴһߴͿ֮أϾлλ˳ӿ˵Զʵʵڿ̨λϣһһƱϲºá
һֱãǫ̀
ֹؼʱڳֹؼ˵ʵӿ뵱лһֶ
ûֶûּǿջûּǿջŷͲƨߵߴƱŽпջĻơûŷŸּǿջʹӣҲ޷뵽лλ˳ļƻ
Ȼ룬ӿȻȥֶлһ˵ֶǸ̤ʯѣ̤ʯڰԼȥԺܵʲôʧȤ֪ڣгһλ˳֮󣬻ͷٰԼĻԹ޵̤ʯָͷ
ͬɽⲻ˼ˡ
ӿЦתáֶζŵ︵ͬɽҲζŵﻨҡǰǰ߹ϵ;߹ϵǮӣһֶƽ棬ôЦݣٿס
ȴͬ棬Ѿӿκһеĳ̶ȡ˵ͬɽǻңǿܵıֻҪһҲ
λ˳һӵĿꡣģʱҪʲôûУ
ҹɫȼţͬһǿ£ӿȴֶ֪˿̵뷨
ƹ񣬹ϲϲϲƹռءˣĳţİգһƹж¡
Ȼƴڽβ׷ֶŷ磬ֶ֪ͬ˿̵뷨
ܱߣ޸ǲɼͬĿֶһһͬܵģ
һֻǷ־¥ƹһȴʵʵľ޸ټѩ̿ԶȽģֶλ޸Ǹ쵱ĺˣòſǣ˶ڵһʱվһҲֻվһѣҲûɵϸⶼЩʧ̬ŷͻ
ڵŷ磬ûκηȿԡȻ˵Ҳܹ⣬ıģԼ޼ƿʩ֮£ϵ¸ܰѾֱĻᣬʧ̬ĳ̶ܱŷй֮
ֶŤͷˮŷ磬ƹΪ˽죬˲Ӱɣ
ŷ粻ҡͷǷ־¥ֻǾӶѣּǿջһ֮⣬Ƿ־¥沢ûʲôԺӣֻп鱾㽫ݵĵأҲõģּǿջǸ˷˼ĺԺӪҵּݱֵһᡣο
ŷٴ˼۵ͷ󺹣ȴйӵɷʣοּǿջѻƶ˿ָӣּǿջ󿶿˵Ƿ־¥ûԶԶ
ƹ̫ǫˡֶЦǫͷɾα
ʲôǫ飬ƹ̫ĳˡĳҡͷƹǫˣһ죬ͱκ˶ö࣬ңΪ˻ܲ˿ջ⡣
ֶЦЦᣬ¡
ƹǣ´μ
ﴫŷ΢΢һֺǺЦ
´μƹ´μ
һŷ֮е޻Ӷ֮ͷ
´μ棬ϣƹнô򶨲źáŷĺһ䡣
һһ
ֶ˫΢գԴڿú뵽ӦԴʩеĴ©ֻ֮һŻĵУ򲻶ӿھпһٻع鵤
ƹȥģ⣬Ȼ
ֶȻһЦڵôˣ˻ؿջȥģ
Ц˼ɵƹ񣬽쿤̨˴ôˣŷղŵ̬ȣרּǿջİɣ
һûãصջ˵ɣҲʡҴͷ˵һ顣ֶ赭д
ǧżҲòͷרļݳ
ҹɫ£ײʲôײĶٶȱʱҪ࣬һֱ賿ʱ֣Żصջ
ֶϣԺĲţƿԺһ۱ܿʯⲽ
ۿ첽ӭǰûֶ³㼱͵ƹôŻӿò᲻ֹҪӰɣҪȻûˣƹﻹרһ˿ãΪʲô鷳ˡ
ʲô鷳ֶᰵķ䣬ĵ׶йů𡣷ϳǣţּǿջڣ˭ӵиԼʵ
ƹӿʲô˼̲ס׷һֱã¾Բֹǳûô򵥡
ʲô˼ٷƣֶЦЦʯ£ȵҲ֮Žһеһ顣

쵰
ԽԽȻ˫ȭգࡣСǴеǹƥɱϷ־¥Ϳõ˼
ƹҪˣּǿջһЪϽʱ䣬ʯůˮƳԺܷ־¥ҲһԺ顣
ǰƹǵ취С
Ȼ취ֶƵּǿջ鷳͵гԲ˶ߵľ򡣡


419 ʯͷԼĽ
ԣͫһ⻰͸Źɰ
Ǳڵ˼ƹѾнİ취ˡ
ƹѾнİ취ˣܷǳԼ̲סЩ۾ֶһС˵֡
ֶѾ˵Ժһо¸Ǹᡣº󷴻ڣŷֻҪССɿһ£˰µҰƲּǿջˣɿõĻ⵽ΧĿԿҲǼߡ
ҪưͿûûˣʲôҲɡһЪҵϵʱ䣬ϳǣתΪȥǻչ
ֶδͣѭѭյİȱʲô
üͷ΢Ǯ˲ûҲݣʮӡʮһ㲻ʲôҸسǵҩ̶кҲݣ¹һ㣬ֻС꣬ľҲ𡣳;治Զϳǣʶ򲻵ҲݡΪĴ
ϼҴϳǣڴ켱ʪ没ʳ·棬϶˶١˵ԵõģϳǵĸɲڴļǮһʲƵĻ
ʣȱӡ
֮û˵Ϊ̫ࡣҪӣһ˵ҲһϣҪȻЧҲ͵ڹڣ͵óʮƴӡ
֮⣬̫ҡױɽ˸֮鷳
һ£ڵ±ʳɲ񡣡
ֶҡͷȻȱģʵǺҲݡкҲݵĻ˭ϼҴܵزʲôʲôĵط
˻ȻЩĿֶ
ˣϰҲݣ⼸ͽ͹ֶ
ǣҲݣǸҩ̵ġ˻ǲ⡣
Ѿûаʱ͵ΥԼǳϰӦòᷴ԰ɣֶЦʵ
ᣬȻᣡΥԼǳܷʲôҡͷ˵ҲݻּǿջæϵúԺģûϵǸˣԸ֧ΥԼзԵĵ
ʱǸֵջİû˷С꣬͵·ѣǵͻȲ̡Ҳ¶ϲɫһǿջճӪҵˡ
ֶҡҡͷûãӿϳǵֻԽԽ࣬һÿ϶ֻһЩ˵ʳ޶Ҳݣȫּǿջģȥֲڿֻǧӵĺ󻼡
ôȥɵѽϰͷϵĶʮҲȫҲݣ㹻ϳǵղõʪ没ңÿӿϳǵİʮҲ֧Űµʱ䡣
ֶҡͷһϰͬˣ϶ҲǳΪѣôھгûٵ˼ˡʮҲݣ˻ͣһ궼ͲΥԼ̶ֳȣԺ˵ϳǺҲݵ⣬翤ҲȥˡҪǣҲȼģʪ没ҲһˣڰҲ͵ȱĵطȥǶԺҲü޵ĵطѾ׽ˣٶ࣬ܿܳ
ֹȰȴֲ֪ôȰȾʪ没º᲻ʵôģĵǿջ⡣⻰Ҫ˵ֶ̫ѪˣỳƷ
ֶЦǹţ÷־¥ҲŹžˡ
ƹа취ʱһϳǣҲͷ־¥ּܸǿջһϸ£ͬʱţҲʧЩѡּǿջڣÿҪĿӳɵʯȱľӡ
ֶü΢΢Ҳݣǿڷ־¥ͣ
ˣ߸˴ĴָϵЦթ
ƹй־¥ǧȾʪ没İգŸϷ־¥š
ܶ𣿡ֶȻһΪô־¥֪أɢ㴫˵־¥ֻҪ鵽ʪ没͵Ǽ˻ȡҲݣÿٶ١ʱһ˭֪־¥Ĵ
ǡͷЦüá
һԣȻüǡкҲݵ£̨ҪǵĻ»ʪ没ظҪɰҲջȥ
Ҹ˵ǵĺҲҲһ￤˹ġֶ赭дҪĻջȺҲ˹ˡʱ򣬻Ӵһ¹պҲݵ۾Уôǿ
˵ͷЩǣǿ˵ӿӿּǿջҲ˲ǲǵˡ
Ȼˣھȥţѯʵ
ʲôûأֶȻַˣ£㰲һ¡
֣Щ̫⡣
ӥ񣡡ֶЩΣһ֪а취ѹûԽˡ
һ죬
İӿϳǣȴûж٣ÿҷֵӥȫ㹻ˡ
Ȼû⣬ɵҲŲ˰
ֻǶʱ￪Ų˶ѡֶѾŻ¸ȥ翤պҲһ¾ܻˣʱƳʯůʱҲˮӺȡˡ־¥յĺҲݶյ֣ҩ̵ϰɵһµʱ䣬صʱӥ񳤡ϳǵʪ没ھ˵㡣ʱڷ־¥ͺҲݣ϶õʱ϶ãЧƳˮЧ
һʪ没£ּǿջܹǰӪҵ־¥ʪ没ŷʯͷԼĽˡ
֡طȫ˽ķǺϼһûд©ĵطȥһǡֶ
ƹȥǸ
ӿٷҹܲţңǾͱҷԲ˶ˡֶ˵ʵͦܽʪ没ôһһʯļƻ
ŷҲ˵ֹ
ŷ粻֪͢飬ʲôȥ룿ֶҡͷ
ǡƹôԸӿһڴ񶷹ҪӮһ󺺹ܳͷľϷΪּǿջĹ£ӣĶܷޣԺϹԱҲöЦСӦȫ̧ܹͷͦƽƽ
ȥæɣˣںԺߵΧǽûϴĻ䵽ּǿջ϶طҪ༸ȦĵطҲò̫ĵط׾͹ˣΧǽһҪߣӰ쵽
ֶʵػ˻֣̬ȣ˵֪ıʡҲûʲôģڳȴСֶּǿջĶҳ϶ȵĿȴûнЩ¸СĵĻǵСһ㡣
ЩʧȴҲ׷ʣֻкһֱǰԺ
ȵ뿪ֶҲûȥǣطƬ̵ʱԺ󣬲³ţȴֱ
ᰱı߳ԣ͸㶨Ժֶּͨǿջ


420 ׼ػ
̽һֶ߳䣬ԾϷ漴ڸҷϼֻƬ̵ĹϵõĺԺ
峿ԺѾмѾڴɨֶּСʯͷұһӣһСʯͷֱĴڡ
۵һ죬СʯͷûֽУһָͷСС
Ƭ̣Ŷɨ
ֶұٻӣʣµСʯͷ磬ķɳ
ֶ͵澭Ҳڶصʵֱ㽫Сʯͷץס
ͷеСʯͷȻԼ
ˣ磡
ѾǼ㣬æͷϵʰ
Ҫϰ鼼¡ֵ
Ѿǳһ£ͷ˳
ֶţȷΧû֮ԾΧǽ
ִ磿
ֶ㲻Ըоȡ
ϴʮŮͼ£лˡֶЦŵл߽
ִˣҿûллִӥ¡ЦŽֶ䣬ϷԺ󣬶˲ˮæһֶĶ¡
ֶ˿ڲ裬żɽ㣬ǴܲܰҸæġ
ЦִңͲɴʲôģ
ֶЦЦûᣬѯʵʲôʱʼĴƻ
º󡣡㲻˼
ܲǰ£ֶѯʵ
ǰ£⼸ͿʼȻ
ԣֶͷ
УҲѾ׼ˣұ뿪ԺٿʼģĻøҸʵĴ٣ôҲܸһ㡣Цǰ£Ҳʧôѡ
ܲܰӿҲϣֶ׷ʵ
ӿϳǿ̨ƹǸн黹йڣ
ڣֶ͵ټϳҰϵľ޸̸ʪ没£ҳĵù
һ£ЦУʼԺҸѯôһûʲôλĻӣһǳڳ֮͢ţţ϶ѡһԺüЭԵ߸Сţ㹻϶ͷ̨ˣеȫ飬ְٰҲʮþȡ
᲻ᱻ
⣬ֶһ޶Ψһĵǳ¥
ĳ¥սʱ̽Ǵɱƽʱڲ鰸ˮƽ˿ɼӰ١ްƣҪ鵽ּǿջͷϣȻּǿջĸֹƸӿɾʹˡ
Ц鵽ӿͻգϾôָӵġٲȥ˼ΪҶ˿̨λãٻ߸ӿʲôڡ
⻰ô˵ֶ˼񲻵ڻ֪ļƻ
ʵ󺺹Ϊ˱֤ĳλӹܵĻʵ۲ô󺺹봦ڶλãҲ˵ûгʲôԵ߸󺺹һıʱȨϵ飬ʵҲȨֻǵ󡣡
͵˵ֶЩʣҲڸʵ۲鰸鵽ʲô֤ݣҲԲóҲ˵ܹ֪ҵļƻͰȴ֪¸ԸңڱһЭ칦ûȴ֮ǰҲòͣңƵıĻƾ⹦ĺԸ󺺹޴𵴣½ûʲô
ο󺺹ѡ̳ˣصһЭΪʲô֤ҵģͲҪֶѣڻʹǺܳ顣ԳһЦ˵ʿ»öϧʵĸо꣬Ҳôġ
ֶչĵطȻڳ͢ĶթҪʮǧ
ֶһˮѯʵִ磬үӻðɣ
ӣ˯Ⱦƣ󺺹ҲˡֶЦЦӦ֮ǰԥѯʵ£ļƻӰɣ
СӰѡҡͷұǴƾ⹦ֱӻؾǵģ˳ְӿߣڸҿճ̨λˡⲻа취ƿ̨
ֶüȻⳡ󣬰ӿߣԺҸ˵ᣬӦûЧɣ
ͫһ̲ס޵ⲻ֪ӿеǰŵƺλãշ취ͨȡе֧֣ҵɲСִ磬ûĵ
ֶǷ̫飬ҡͷòʰҲһ
ˣһֱΪִ粻ϲŸҹ𡣼ǵǰּǿջ˴ѹִľֱ˳ŵʱһ٣Ȼ취ջصӡòӿʱ򣬿ɵúüʱ䣬Ͼ÷˱˵ġ
ջˣʲô£̲סͻȥôķֶЦ
ʧЦ
ˣæɣֶƶ̨óľзŵϡ
涼Ǹ鵤ģзõķ͵æıɣ
һ£εͷ
ֶ˷ţصϳּǿջʱƽϲųһĨԱĹߡ
طûãϢлˡ
ѽԺһ֮£ֶٳûɵԭԭСɽ٣ƶҲǿõйٱΧǵϢ֮ҲɽһȻ˸εĵطͼȷ粨ƽϢ֮ȥ°ѺҲһ
һ£Χ˵Ĺٱ˵ץһƵ÷ų͸ɽˣʲʲô˼Сıǳɹɽ˸ץסٺ˳ҵҲݣһ£Ѿɢµ׵ĺҲݣȻɽ¡ˣ㻨²ҵҲݣһ²ŰѺҲͻ
˼䣬ֶԼҲݵ뷨˵˳ЩԤơ
ԸҲݸֶȴ˵ʲôҲԸӣٷ֮ʮΥԼּǿջ
Խ˵ٷ֮ʮΥԼټҲݣһһȥ۵Ļʮӣٷ֮ʮ
ʮڽǱľ޿ĸԸӡ
ʮӣȥＯҲϳǣѺԼȫԺʮӵ棬ǰһ׬ǧӣѾ֮𡣸ҪǴϳǵĴҩ̣Ժ⽫ԴԴ
ҪûֶæͨúԺĹϵţֻлؼ͵͵Ҿ찲ŵ·ȻڴſϵЩծ̫ǨŭڼҾ졣
˵׬ӣס
вˣȻ˵ʲôҲҪӡ
ƫƫֶҲϲռ˵ˣ˵ջѾıˡһ˼ֵ߰ı꣬˵ȥ
գֶ¶Լط֪ŵõҲˣּǿջһٶʮӸУȻɸӥȥǡһпһ԰ʣµĺҲ͹ҲܰѾǰǵĻԶһļǮյ㹻ĺҲݡ
ˣ׼ѾˣʣµģֻİհùԺȥ־¥ͺҲݡ


421 ͺҲ
깤
ּǿջĺԺһֱӣų׵
ǰһ¸ߴ׶࣬שɵոǽڡ
ԣͬЦϸ֣һǮ⹤ǮǼߵġȻֻ죬ѾԵֵϽһµˡ
߰ɣ칤Ǯȥϧܶɼ졣һϧ
⼸ͬû̫⣬⻰Ҳ˵˵ѣ˼ҳôߵļǮΪľٶҪ졣Ҫϼ죬˼ҴŲŹ֡
ǽһͷһʼϥֶ̲ס˿˫
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Ȼǿʼͻͽʱڡ
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ҩ켴һɵˬ˳ʺ븹У󣬿ɢ
һӿһӴˬȻʮ֮ࡣֶµҲ޷ٶȡ
޷ٶȾ޷й켣ⲢӰھС
һ졢졢졭
һգۣھʮ죬һգۣʮ졣
ڣоֶȻʱ䣬ֻ֪ɵĸŵ
ơ
ƹƹ񡭡
ͽк˺ð죬ֶŲһӦʱ䣬̶̰СʱȻԵֵһ
ٶȥ¾ͻƵءֵĻҪһʱ䡣
ٲ̽һ¾ˬֶȥš䲻ְ֧£ʮȴ⣬Ҳ˵һţҩЧ㹻ֵ֧ͻơ
һƿʮֵҩЧԽԽСֻҪһЩԲЩĸҩȫͻƵءټЧõľŽ׺ǰ֮ǰﵽغ⡣
ƹ񣬿ø˹˵ǿջŵİѾˣ̻ͬᰲŵճƷһý˵׼ЩֶΪʲôûпţһϲҲ֪ʵչĺ£Ҳûʣһ˲̧Ա
ֶҡͷѯʵܹжˣ
ּһǧһʮּǿջǧİʮߵ
ֶȻһЦܷԤڡ
ּǿջҪһǧƽ׵ּݷһǧˣҪ˵ŷӿûаи˭Ҳš
ƹӿ̫ҪҸ˵һɼȥתתܲŪƱЩĵѯʵ
Ʊ㵱ӿϲռʮʮһŵƱ𣿡ֶʧЦˣòģѾˡ˵ӿƱҪɼ߹ȥҵ󺺹ṵ̂ˣ̰ҲǸ̰ġ
㬵ͷ
ͺҲ׼ûУֶѯʵ
Ѿ׼ˣʱܳʵ͹ȥ
Ҫ磬ŷֺһãֶ赭д
ٺЦţȥЧǿ
ˣǽѾˣƹ񿴿вУŤͷʵǽڡ
УֶͷףѾˡǽҪҲԤһЩĺͯ崮šӿҪڰùİֽţЩƦһǽǣһһС
ƹûʲôҪĻһȥˣʵ
ȥɣҪʱ˽һֶȻ
һ죬ֺǺǵͷ⻰˼ֶҲȥմ֡
ȵתǽֶطͻͽĿ֡
ڶһ磬ԺǽϷÿֶķš
ͺҲݵĶ飬
ֶ֮󣬲δ̣ǻطһ磬ȵʱ֣кһԺ󣬶ԾϷ
ԺȻһľľˡСŮ֣˵ЦԺһľ
ںԺϿշӣûκ˵ע⣬ֶһ·УҲֻС̵ʱ䡣
ڽβֶҵָӴӵ
ƹƹ˳֣˷ܵӭǰ㵸־¥⣬𱬵òˣ
ֶ̲ס۰ײķ־¥ſڵһ㱻ԺÿӶ֡Ļ𱬳̶ȣɼһߡ
ֶɴȤ˷֪ܳĻΪǷ־¥ϰ塣
ҪǷ־¥ϰ壬ּǿջĳ֣ܵһʱͣҵߺһİѾȫ׵µ£ٻ˳ţϿüϽѲ飬ˣȫõơ
ô죬ѵòõĳɽ˻մȾʪ没ټϸҵլԺոռݣȻ㳲ֹǾ¥̵⣬ʮѵһķʢ
ϧ־¥ּǿջԽãŷʧҲԽ
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ϾͿԿʼˣɳȥַӥһʱǰ㷢ʱ·̣뿴ΣӦûõȰʱҵʱ䡣͵
ֶͷᰵڽһֵ
һ꣬ͷֽǣľѾ»ȦֻǰŶСĽڣнڴһľ壬ľдڴ֣Ǵ˴ͺҲݵĹغΥĳͷ
ľ棬ڷźŶֱߵĳ
˿̣Ѿɢɢļ˽ľڵһųԸּǿջĴһȷȾʪ没Ժٵڶų˷ǼǺûӡȻ򵽵ųȡһг˶ʮεĺҲݡһκҲݣûȥˮ֮㹻һ˵ʪ没ܱ֤һڲȾϡ
ʱƣ߽ľ˿ʼȡҲݵˣʱҲڲͣ
һԺľ⣬γһ֧ɵĶ顣ǰ̲ϽľﵱУȴı䳤Ҳʮӵʱ䣬˶ʮס
ּǿջڽʮӳԱǣվʼάӦҵˡ
ܿ죬ԵΧȺҲʼγɣŶ
˿̣־¥Ĺ̨ŷԾЦúϲ£졣һӰ磬ϵЦݣûͣٹı£ҲѾЩӲʹ
Դˣŷִ˲ƣԭһ¥¥¥ʮ棬вʳȴ
ΣƳƲ˺ʮŮͼʱҪּŷϳǷ־¥ƹҲʮˣǵһο
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һٳп¥Ϊ¥Ĵڣүּǿջһ޷˵ֶջΪչʯȡ⣬ͷ־¥޷ᲢֻۡҪ취ʪ没Ժ󱣳⣬ͬʸΪ¥ƹĺѡˡ
ÿÿ뵽ŷ綼ǸпǧּǿջƹƵҲв⡣Ҫּǿջϳǣ˭Ҳı䲻ˡ


422 
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ȻƬ̣ŷ͸оЩ̫Ծһʱ䣬Ū׵ﲻԾ
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ŷԴ̯˱˼£Ȼ̧ͷſڡ
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˳Ϊ˴ˡɨ鲻£ŷΪ˻ȥȽڿģÿһǮ
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һĸԲԾ
ȻԾ鲻ԾҲʲô˵£Ȼڻÿĸ߷ڣмֵϲҲϾŵʳſˣ˫ĸƬ̺ԭһҾʮ
ŷ緭˱鿴ȵ۾Щʹʱ´Цݰͷ̧Ŀ⣬ʶɨſڡ

ô£
ŷԾСԭΪֻǶϲ㣬ɶʱˣϲûйȥһ
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ŷ̽ͷһסˣھ¥棬ȥԺƣҲһȱվš
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ŵʳ˵ּǿջͺҲݡƽ͵
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ԣһѡе۱ǣţּǿջЩͺҲݵĻڿ϶ޡ
վվã˭ûվùһҲҲҪ
⻰˵ƹ;ðޱȣ̶ȣ϶ȿõ۲
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ͷ󺹺ò׼Ⱥ棬ŷѾ·˼ǧһ㣬ΧΧߺһ㵡
켷ͷ󺹣ˣǿҵĺģòҪ
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ŷ缸Ѫǣעĵַֻһһ涨ÿһǧֻ꣬Ⱦʪ没˲ڼ͵ǼԺȡ
ôһڰȫȾϺҲݵİնйˡÿһǧ꣬͵̣ĻҲôϵ磬Ҫʱ䵽Ǽ黹ǵǼٻͣһӱ׾ٵ
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ʪ没ȻҽΣԴ󻧺ͳ˵ʲôҪ֪᲻Ⱦʪ没Ժ޷ҽε֡ο絽Χ˼ˣ˭ָұ֤᲻ɽˡ
˵һҲݣ־¥һж⡣
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һŷѭȥʱŭڡľԱߣֺԱߣȻվֶ

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һԣȻ̣ѾкˣһǸİıˬĴӦڸ¿ҵʧ߼֮ʧһ㣬ֶǸ⣬¶̫ࡣǾ˫ʧһҲǧӣʮһʮ
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ŷʱ̣
ţǶţֶǱQ˶á
ŷȺֱ÷


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Ŀŷ뿪ԵõĿֶһ㡣
ᰲڳ˵ʵֶһ˻ʹһϾʱ乱ײСҲûˣó˦Ʊٷ١
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ɱ̫󣬶ҲСֶСһ䣬һһʮһּǿջֻһһʮС԰֮ʰҲֻܼǧسҪֲҲݣʮμٶȵĻһܳ죬ҲÿǧҵĺҲݣһǧңǱˮн
ҪǳɱҲֻǶģȻֻ겻ʱ䣬һҲֵӡʮμٶȣһҪһǧʯʯļǮǰӰ׾̩ļǮ㣬Ҳǰ˰ٶӡ
Ӹ˰ٶӣʵֶ̫Ӹ˵ʪ没ʱһⷽͷ֮ʹû
ҼǵȾʪ没ԺвСļ㻨һܸϵҲѾȥµʱ䣬ѺҲ͵еطһ¿²ᰱȰֶ䣬ȴ־ΪӦʲôֲŶԡʱȻһȻּǿջķֵꣿ
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ˣˡһһէĺٶȱļӳ£Դס
ץˣ˵ҲͳһռȻ߼ۣ˽ͺҲƻƻ
ǧ˫۾Ȼ˹ǴӿҲЩֵסеùڰ޷ͬסһ㡣
ֶȻһЦǴ󺰴УҿǹƾڱˣҲݵպΧȺķСҲΨһӿͶİ취
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ԸĻİտ϶ּǿջĿģԸ⡭ӿЦ
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ӿУѪ˿ܲ
ǺȻͣ£ЩŪӿ˼ɱŷ绹
֮󣬲ּǿջţӿĲΪˣ
Уŷʱͬ¹¶ƻĹؼϢ͸¶ӿ˿̵״̬ʴڱߵıԵ
ңŷ绹ΪӿΪ룬İջǨּǿջû˵Ժ֡ԣȻǧԸǵѡûгԼӿ䡣


424 ȸｷ
һֱĺҲԺֶһصջ
ֶ֮һ֮⣬ûţҲݣԾɵţÿһǧ꣬ܳʱ֡
ºֶɹͻڶأﵽءڽɹĵԺ󣬽ֵҩЧûûҹĲϳ̡
ǰһţֶѾȫ޷԰ʱһϢ
Ϣǻ´ŴҲݻˣǡֶĸµķڴϢ
ֻǷҪԼֶǸĺϢ
Ϊôǿʼͷˡ
˳忪ţֱֶԱߵķ䡣
ⷿ䣬ԭǿõģԴİհõջԺֶѿջλǨ˺Ժס
ƹҪǴӦǿջˣָɣֶЩ⼸£ûٰѷûðɣһ÷Դȥײǽ
Ҫָ˵ᱨҲš
˵Ҫֶһ̣ƵһоݣⱲҪͷˡֲҡ
ƺɣԼҪⱲӻͷǲᣬⱲӿ϶ûˮȵС֪ʲô˼ԼͶǾò̫㡣Ͼʲô̬ȣԶһѡңƹȻһָ϶Ҳ׼ôҲȱһӻˮȵкá
ﲻֶָЦŷʵ
ǸǸ֧⼸£ûһָʵ϶һʱƹѰ𡣡
𣿡ֶÿɷķһ䡣
ƹ񡭡Щֶ̬ܲˣϰ»׼ţ֪ͲΪһʱʹӦк
ˣȥѳ̱йֵֶ
ţæͷע㲻Ͼһ˾Ͷһֱϡ
ƹҪҪƹҲ֣Ƹһת뵽һ⡣
òšֶҡͷҪǴӦ˻ð죬ҪǲӦֵøݵġԩ޳˹ٱûóԣ廹ϷŪ˼ҵо֪ûʲôۿɲʲô¡
ȵ뿪ֶķͣ
˿ֶ˫ȻһƷš
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ŴŴ̶ȻֶĿһɨͼԵķ
ڡͷ棬²һȦ֮⣬ӡ
ǰ磡ֶСС²ǰôȣֶ
ɣŬŬ죬Ŀƽ䣬ֶһ顣
ڶ£ֶ촽ѯʵǰ˵ң
˵ͷֶԲ
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ʲôҵ鵤ѯʵ
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һξֶ
ֶڨЦղǻϿҰ
ٳϿңҲûʲô˵
ֶһ£ʵʵ˵ǰиʵʵ۷ǿҲǵ֪ٵ󣬸ҳŵܹǰ⿪ԭּǿջڵһʱѷǰͳ󣬵ܱ֮ܿǰȫһľǰԼͳڣǰͻȻ֣ҵʵܿ⡣ǰԿջֵĻ۷ǿڣʧ̫֮ǰѷǰɱ
ĬƬ̣˵ͷɾЩǣǿνҪڣԼܸӦĴڡ޾ԣں϶޷ӦڵҲϡ档ϼʶ㣬ȴûΪ½֪ĳ̶ȡ
Ҫǣ֮⣬鵤ĻûĿԡ
һ׿ջ۷ǿ򣬷۴󺺹ǳ͢ǴţûбҪӦöڸ㡣ΪʲôҪðŸҽķհ
û취⿿һ۷ǿȥ콣ڱףɲǼ׵¡ֶε
һȻ˼˼£֪ԭˡ˵˵ȥȻǸƲ콣ڳ˹ϵ
벻ҷȻҲС
Щɺ콣ʮ꣬Ʋ񷡣òӳˣֱ˶ϷǵԷԭΪƲŮ
뱲ӣ㱻Ʋˡ
ǰֶֹ
ȸٰʮｷ˵
ֶȻо
黹û̸£ȸｷҪǰｷˣһĨ֣ӿɾʹˡҪ֪÷ջｷҪԹˣвƢһƴ㶦ͷְ£ｷҲô½һڷԾĽ
ߡա
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ſڣƺͳ̱˽
ǰ϶ӶƶԷͷߵԣ赹ˮͣ꺮ůõĻӦȴһ
У
γãֶȻվ
ĬȻֶһ
ֶһҧƶ̨óһڴľ䡣
ľƿŨϢ˲ʱϯ䣬ǻｷƸεѡ
ơƹָ
ǰ룡ֶľ𣬷ŵϣһӵｷԳ˰ٽ
̲ס˿ĭƽĿ⣬Ȼŷ˵Ĺâ
˫̧𣬴ȻｷС
ʱһ⶯飬ֶƤ
Ƭ̣Ȳ˫ֻۣϣץһｷ
ûκԥеｷƴȥΣƶ˼֮ʳгҰް̰ȡ
ֶĿŷͣĳｷΨָ֮ͻȻѡΪ˶ɸΣյشȴôҲ˫ȡ
Ψг̱һ׺ɫȫȻûƴｷķ
ʱһһȥĶӣͬһ޵жƾ˫ｷж٣Ȳκ͹
ʱƣֶĶͷѾԿˮּ尾ĵȴԼ޷ƿص飬Ѿܾûоˣֱðȥ
ڣľһٶｷȫԺ󣬷˫ͣ
Ŀ׺ݵĹâȶˣֶ̲סվƸһƨڵأ߶ˡ


425 Ҳ͵
ҹȥҪ
ݵĳ֮󣬿񱩵ڷը
Ȼķֶһ£ֵǰţ˭ҲŲ˷ǰͻơ
ҹ
͵ĸоڵϾۼò˼ܹȫָ֮󣬳ｷۼĳһأһǳɡ
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ֶתš󣬳̱һ̱ڵϵƣ
һţֶᰴӷ˲ǰ
ô£ǿҵӿȴ̽˭ѯʵ
ֶָָķ䣬͵Ƿǰ
ĬȻ
֨һͷȻӷҡҡλεһ̳˳˫ֶ
Сӣ²Ȼҵн۷ǿеƺȰɣ
ԸԸּǿջ֪أֶЦүû̽𣿷ǰɱĸ¡
æźȾƣй򡣡ͷ̧еľ̳˼֮󣬵ȻҿȣҪÿºȵľƱˣҰȥ
үӷģǰֻϲƵȤ󡣡ֶæ͵
ϲͷԴƺʲôƺǲˡ
үʶϲˣֶȴûŹͷľٶдϲԶͷʵߵɶ˾ĴڡҪЩʶĻܿܳԸּǿջ
ǲˡͷĵ
룬ϸ롣ֶ
ʲôģҪгô죿ͷ۵ͷ£Ǵ󻼵ģһµĽ
ֶȻôֿԸˣҪгĻ¸޷ưոݣϾͷ̧ͷͷǣǣҲöԶ档
ˣȰɣҹƣӦõҪʱ䡣ͷתž̳һͷ¸ֶ߻ط䡣
ֶЦֻܼϣˡ
˵ſţֶȻſʱ䣬ֻţʱعעķˡ
кɢˣһԣ᰺Ȼ̧ͷա
ֶʶ̧ͷ˹ȥƵգһСڵϷŴ
ӥ񣿡
ֶһѹֵĻƶѾ͹ʮ죬еӥȦСΨһһֻŻȥҲˡ
ʣͷֻּǿջӥ񣬾ųɾǻ»ˡ
Ƭ̣ӥȻЩֺԺôһΧǽϷƬ̣Ÿ¡
ʮʱһӰӥıԾ£ֶ˵ǰ档
ƹܹһ꣬ٶʮӡ´Ӵóһ䣬棬ŲٴּǿջӶԱռĴ䡣
ֶ½͵ÿǧܹ꣬ٸ
ֶҡͷˣôͻϰˣ
漴·ָͷϴĴ䵱УͷұҼҴҩ̸ģΪǮ̫ߣü춼û̸£ջĻߴš
ˣȥֶۿնƣֻÿһԵĳ̱ȴȥϷ䡣
ƹǽô£¿׵ĸߵǽڡ
˵ˣӦþͻʳ̱ɣֶڵ
Ӧһų̱ǰʱ䣬;вδѯǽڵ顣ĵ飬ʳֻ̱ȤźĴ
طǳȥ䣿ֶᰡ
ҿﵽͻƽ׶ˣһáᰲ˼
ţֶͷۻججƣǰĵļЦģܵƤѣҪҪа취ڵһʱ㡣
ƹģƾһ㣬ȴЩŽɡֶк֣ȴֿڷԼɱĵʱʱֹҸ۷ǿҲѱ֤ܹʱʱһʵһ۷ǿбסһˡ
Ȼġֶͷ
ʲô취һڼ
ֶȻһЦջϵͳƸ߳Χǽ߻ط䡣
ƹƹ񡭡մ򿪷ţƱݶԾ£ϲƹôģ
ֻҪ֪취ү֪ʱڶŷǰˡֶ赭д
ƲͷԭǷϣѻΪУ˾ʮ˵Ҫֶ֮ǰҪ
ֶЦЦһ̤䡣
ͷǲܻÿջϵͳ˹ܵģңֶ֮ǰ˵ҪǸҶԿջ֣һλ۷ǿ߾ͻ֣ʵҲϹ
ջ˵ᰣٻ̱߳ЩּǿջļƷһƣֶҲԲǵ֮Բ·Ӧּǿջȴͼּǿջ֣Ϊֶиɱﵡ
ɱﵣҳ϶ȡ
ֻҪӦּǿջֶͿʱ鵽ҳ϶ȡӦʱҳ϶ڰٷ֮ʮ£ʣǻжĵġϾԳ̱׺񣬴ӦּǿջԺҳ϶Ҳаٷ֮ʮࡣ
ҳ϶͵̶ֳȣֶԼҹҳ϶ȣʮ֮ڣҪǣ˵еءҪǲǣڽֻͣһĺｷܺճͺճо͵ӡǣͲֻҪͶãҳ϶ȳǾС
ֻҪڷֶ㲻еٶҲŷҲûʲôʧ˵ʮ죬ֻҪĳԸּǿջһֶ꣬ҲԸ⡣
ĳּǿջĻּǿջӵ۷ǿߣԼҲܳɹͻƵĳڵĻζܹӵ콣ڣƲվ콣һߣ۷ǿ߷棬ֻҪöͷסС
Լͷ۷ǿߣԳѹ콣̩Щ콣ӵ߰ʵĳϡ
߰µǿߣֶģڼǧǿߡ΢ҪһЩʤ˶ڣĿ㹻콣ڴƽˡ
˵зļ룬ּǿջڼͽŲ콣ڵʵȻ콣ڽŵͽõſܸǿ֣콣ƾеĵʱ϶ҲϧƴЭļ߰˳ϡ
Ҫûзֶһ֮ѹס콣еĳϣ˳ϵܹ붯ŰæƣȰּǿջǿ߻ܣתͷƾϵΧֶ߶ͷҲԱһЩѣȡʤĴԶƲ̫ԵȡʤĴҪСʮ
зûз𣬺ܿܳΪ콣֮ܲܳɹĹؼˣֶԷ˿ء
οּǿջһ۷ǿߣϢ©ٻ߷չܹв󺺹ʱ򣬳͢ѹּǿջľģҲ϶üࡣ


426 Ӽż
»ĵ磬㽫һҲݷֳʮķݡ
һʮϳǣӷ־¥¿ŵʱ䡣ݸʮʮȥĸǣʣµʮ֣ÿʮϽʮسǡ
ȥʱõָĻǱ㵽ӦǺسǵּǿջֵꡣ
ֻһӣصĻ㰲źн·ߣһͷӥиسǵĻȫֳӣһڸǻسǣĶųĸнĴׯȫŵ㡣
ˣҪһׯһׯȥӥҲڶʱڵûһׯƻЩСÿһׯҵôĴ峤Ȼټʮ˼ңѱҪĺҲͳƳţȻӦҲݣԶǮĳɱΪۣҲˣֱӰͼǰһׯ
һʱ䷽潫ʡңʮ˼໥ලҲЩΪ̰ͼӹ߼ǮٻԾǨĵطȥ
ڻ᲻ˣӣⷽ͸õˣּǿջĻǴӻѡģǸϣ
ȵѸڵĴׯ꣬ٻͷӣǰʱ䣬Ҳᳬ¡
һĻҵʱ޷ԴˣֶҲ޿κΣ̯飬ôѾСʧˡ
سҪ࣬һа̯һÿĸſڰ̯һµʱ´ࡣ
ʮҲȫȥ˵ʪ没ȫѹס⡣ȵаԼڵĺҲ͹Ҳȫ㹻ˣҪ㣬滹ϳҩϹҲݡ
ɵĽУϳǣҲûšڶһ˴Ĵһʱ䣬㸲ϳǡ
⴫ǣģÿ˿ȥз־¥ȡһغҲݺǮÿһ
ϢһϳǵգɷԭټȲѣΪľܶʪ没ͺҲݣ·ҲˡƾļѼţ򡢲˵ضǽԸټҰǨھһ㣬ųɾŵˣ뷨ǻ硣
磬ͺҲݺ·ѵľ㱻ӿ˳ˮйͨڶ죬ϷĴٶȸϳǣּݺּǿջ¿š
ƾŷôʾ֭ڽβľȴް취ּ֪ǿջ¿Ժ󣬸Ǳףһʱֱӿ
ӿһ飬ּǿջĻƻڿãŪּǿջǴĻơ
һϣŷ͵͵ּǿջԹ۲죬ЩƣͲ֣һֽڳȥ̽ķ־¥ƶЩ̾硣
Σŷܵá
Ǯ֣ӿܲʱڽ֦ϲҪּǿջȴͳһ£ǧİչȥá
;ּǿջּݵգһûߣֻǼйȥ˶ѣʲôģȫڡ
ӵĲͷʮ֮󣬵˻ῤûر
ӿϢ֮ȻǱףּǿջʵ̫ˣһ١ٶÿ̨Ȩƾһ㣬Էץˡ
֮ӿǲòٻҪּǿջּǿջϳǿ̨̹ᣬΪ˰ѺҲۣѹĴͺҲݵּǿջܹѹԼļƻһ
ӿðգ϶ԣּǿջԶһȫ顣οºԸּǿջҲһ
飬˵һҽ̾һ֮صĿջǴ󺺹׸ѲƤ
ˣ縮Ӽ͵
鷿ӿŬԼҪ⴫ʦү
һʦүԻŸԼʮ糾͵ۡ
ˣ縮ϽµڡڡѩڵʮͼƸą̃СļӼԮ۵ϥ£ϵİȡ£óһݷڸӡż˫ӿǰ
ӿһŸͻ
£ɶǴ£һܿ𼫴ĺ󻼡ң϶ֻһź͸ͻξȻߴʮ
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ӿһ䣬ż鿴һܷͰ֮󣬱𼱻ǽ˺
ϥڵϵ۲Ҷԣûӱ쵰ǵͬҵĴȻҲÿˡ
ַ̨⽮ҪΪ˾Ӿ͸˻նˣԼΪ㡣˵һӣ֮ͥŭ̫ӣҲûιŲţҲͷٺ»ѡ
׳գ
ӿڿٿż̲֮סһ㡣
ϵݲֻ࣬ǽһǰǰӿЩҧгݡ
ԭ򣬾Ȼļ򵥡ֻΪһɱ˰ʹ縮һ
⸻ڵŹЩ飬ȥ飬縮֪ľܾˡŹƢ꣬ҼҪӣִ˲ۣҲòᡣ
ڶ죬Ĵģؽ
һ磬ŵܣŻǮһѵߺȥҪˣһԲϣߴˡǣʵףлиڰصĸ֣ڵץסʣȻҡھͰŹ¸ߡֱɽԺһٽѵŰڵɽ¡
˴²˴һŶԣܴ裬οǱ˸ˡ
ڵĳĹʲôӲӣɽµʯͷҵԺڴ󲿷ֵĸȥʦһͿأ˸ˣҲǮ߸Ǳɱ˶ʮ
ӦþôһˣֺݹݣȴҲأδ֪ɱ֡Ȼϴڰص߳˴ϰݣȥһѣڣһץٶڳϺ͵ӡ
ˣì㲻ʰˣõŰæƺƵɱã֮˸˻뵽ڰߵѳ˿ֵȥѣȻٶɱڣ˫ս˼ŶȥŰæߣѵѵѡ̶һҵʱ䣬չ˸ֱŵߺ縮ʮΪУƣܿܰŶǣ
г˼򵥵Ľǰ֮⣬ӿĴģؽϳǸŵ֧Ԯ
£ӿȻȥɡǳͷβİ׳ա
ŽϾⲻûѹţŲɱ٣Ҳûƻصʱѹ
󲻳֣ʤһźΪƽϢŵŭɵðͷĹԱһˡӿɵҲɵͬŽϾ˵ԷֻǸûʲôԴеմĻӣпܵǻ̫ӣҲô
ôĺֻ·һ̫ӣһ
ûκԥӿطӺīһݼȳ⡢ŭһĻĺܿɡ


427 벻
ּǿջĺԺֶվϣһգգĶŷš
ԣ̱ɫƽӣɲ׺Ϣ
С͵ŷţֶ󣬴ҲҳȻֶ֪а취סԼСɵƹԼһţʣ׼Լġ
Ƥ࣬СĿԺԲƣġɾ͵Դˡ
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ֶһ𣬲ɽһ£˫Ѿץֶ°ϡ
Ǹڡͷ棬ڶ޷ƵƣȴԲͬն
һ̣˵ƣֶͳ̱Ҳ̲סһС
ǰϲϲ󺺹ֶһλ۷ǿߡֶæֵء
ɣкһתط
ֶ˿Щķ䡣̱ûκԥ˽ȥƣſڳǰҽţôҲ޷ȥ
ǰֶֹ
ϣѯʵ
ֶæͷ̱ӲȸߵľŽֻҪǰԸ⣬ϾͿ붦үӳ
ֻּǿջţȥȥطɱˣ
ֶϲ⻰ֻҪʾܴӦ
̸¾͵ڳһ롣ֻҪڿЩֶϿһڴӦ
ǰһּǿջǾּǿջǿɱ֮һʲô£ǲᾪǰġֶŵ۷ǿģֻϵĶѣǰֻҪּܱ֤ǿջΣʱ֣Ķ
˵ͷｷÿж٣
ֶϣųõЦݣ·ʱָָԵĳּ̱ܵǿջߵģǰô
У赭д
У̱Уɱǡ
ǳⱲӳԹõĲˡǲֶԼжߵˣ̱ɱڵģҲûĿڡ
̱ʵﲻһΪ˳̱ܾߵˣܲﻹǲĺáóг̱ģ³Ѫȣ֮ͽеٮٮߡˣȭͷӲɱȴҪˣ˭֪һ˵ʱ᲻ŵλٷŵｷ
ǰʲôʱˣʱûƽ̱ʱڱ֤͵ֶЦ
ߵ˵϶ｷʱԾʱ͵Ļｷܹⲻ÷ӳʱּǿջľΪ˼ʮｷԼɱƭĸ¡
ɫЩˣֶ֪ԼԲٰƭת飬æ֪ǰûбĽ
Ҳûټƽȥڵںϵ£棬ֻһ˸𡣡
ֶԴһεû졣Ըμں£˵Ǽĺ£оܾĵֻһ˸Ǹʲôˣʦֻһò̫ʦǰ˽ʦ㹻ٶҲ˷ѡ
󡭡Ļֶһ㵽һء
Ŀ⣬Ʈſվŵơ
ǸֶСѯʵƤвУ
Уԥ
˫һžһڵأƹɱˣҿɶĻȥġҪȻôǰҲᡭ
ֶһ˦ûưѻ˵꣬Ķͷһ죬һͷȥͷϣһɫĴ
˵û˵ܣȻͿʼƵԼͷˡ
ֶ˼䣬ϵЦݼӴ˼֣ڵǰּǿջļƷҲвͷˣֻƤ˵ĻǰʲôֻҪ̫ΪѣҿȫӦ
˶٣ֶһҧǰһʱ벻вٸĸ߽ġ鵤ǰ͹
ľŽ鵤۷ǿ˵ûκô赭д
ֶһżǰͻƵĳڵ۷ǿߣﵽŵĳ̶ȡ鵤ģ;ĸ棬纣ǰҲֻǱˮнû̫ôٶҲȻ
׷˸ΪջСĺôֶæѯʵǷǰûʲô
ûУ
⡭ǰЩǿˡֶεҪƵ
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ȱ첲ҲаֶЦһ۷ǿߣһǼƷҪѡ϶ѡ۷ǿߡǣƲ³ֵļƷ
ֶôΪѣҲԲƵĸ첲Ϊ
ΨһģҲֻܾȰˣֶһģҧǰͷи󣬿ٶȼӿ죬
󣿡һɣҡͷ޷Ҳͼӿۼѣ縨鵤
ֹ֤ˣŵĻǰھͿԡֶæ
Уͼһ䡣
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Ϊʲô
ֶͷˮŰˣվ飬ϲƵĸˣ
ٻߣʵѾˣֻǲ̫ԣ˵󲿷̸ֻֻƵʱŻᷢ
ֶԽԽͿôҲ벻ΪʲôͻȻ뵽ͽܡŰͷĻòô鷳


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ȵֶʾ֭Ҳ벻ͨҪѯʱһҲҸͽˡҪ鼼ʧҲûȥʦүСŰĸ£һôУ
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һӹ¼ҹ˵ĻҲٶһͽܡȻ̺ž˵Ⱳӣ㶼ٺŮ׽ˡ
ֶȻȥƴͼľ׽׽˵鼼ֻǶһӷ¿˲۷ǿߵУҲԥľܾ
ˣŪѣԸԸŮ׽ΪʦֵԸ⣬ҿһֱּǿջ
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ˣǰͦθڵģΪͽֶƵģѯʵ˷ǰͽ֮ÿյˮʹ࣬Ժ޷Ů׽ԸԸ⣿
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̱߽һŴȺŪٷʢĳ
죬ϴϲˣףף϶˵ȥġ

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˼ڤã汻ŷ뵽һ취Щҷǳ򵥣ҲΪ̫ˣŷһʱû뵽ȥ
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Ϊû˵ңһʮӣŷ粻òּǿջĺˡ
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Բ·һԾ̼ʧ˵ߵС
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ᰣ˵ĺϢ߻Ǵ񣿡ֶѯʵ
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񣿡ֶüͷ΢壬֣ǵúȴһʱôҲ벻
ȥ֪ˡЦ
ҳ϶ѾﵽʮһֱȲܸԼסʣȥΣաֶһҧ˫һţͱ·Ծ䡣
ϼХʮֶ֮ǿܿݻɫĵ档
ʮסʮסס
Ҷʱֶ֫һšӲɲס׹µ˿Ҷϡ
ʱһһ׹¡
һָ࣬ڵǰ档
˲ʱ𣬸ŷָķԾȥ
䣬ͣ漴Ҳͣ˽ŲԾǰһɨ᰺ͷ֮⣬һſôҲ޷£
ֹǴ񣬼ֱǴ񡭡
״εľ


435 
չ¶ǰģһ޴ʯ̨ʯ̨վŵһֻ񣬱ֶ˺ϲ£Դͷ
Լʮ߰ףëƣһ˸һ˵ѹͬһĿĵۻʰȻ
ⲻһֻһֻ
ֶĻرԺ󣬾˲ٵ׼ͻȻ᰿е񣬻̲סӸͻ
ʵ̫ˣһͷҪͿյĻֶĿռԲһķС
ô󣡡̲ס̾һҪŪôֻһһһֻӥ񰡣
ֶһΪʲôЩϤˡ𣬵ʱŪһͷɻΪ߽ͨջ޷ȫʳͣԼֵ·;̫Զ鷳ʱ᰾ᵽ
Ϣʵ̫ˣֶһʱЩʴӡ
ǰ鷳ϳֲС᰿ڵǵʵֻܴԸ
ͷԴ۷ǿߵУûԹʵÿֲĴܸоŽϢ֡
ֶѹѯʵᰣܲܿǹĻĸģ
Ա𣬿ԿͷβֻԴԲβ̣Ӧֻĸ񡣡᰽͵
ֶϲϳʱץһֻ߽װ񡣶ȻʹӥΪԭֻǹȥֻĸÿζ޹
ĸͺðˣ湴꣬ؿջµˡ
ĸģвĻҲ͵ڿԴֳˡ
ô죿ѯʵ
ʲô桭˳ᰵĿ⳯¿ֶŷ֣ǰвٵͰСÿС϶һŵνٹЩͰСԣ޲̾һˮͰϸĻߡ
ǰʮ⣬ͣһߣΧڷŲҩģȻ赲߿
ֶһ£ڵȻǸƭӣҲҵĴæ˶С
֮ǰµôȥЦ
ֶһȻͱ·кʵĿҶţͨҲˡҪȥ¾һֱͨǧ׵Ҳܹͨġ
ʣ⵶϶뿪İ취
˵ʵֻҪŵ㣬ͱڲѣλôͺƽϻУôߵͱڣǷҲΣա
ֶüͷȻ
̫ˣҪؿջǰѺԺԺǽӸʮףˡҪԺǽӸʮףܻǰ̽ء
ʵ֮ǰּǿջϢԻᡣ
ǵ̫ˣѯʵ
ֶЦŵͷҪٹ꣬ⲻ󣬿ڡ
ü΢ѯʵƳջ
ֶͷڿջ档
ǡ׷ʵջܽڻĽҰ⣿
ֶһһԴϡ
Դ
Ϊջ޷ȫеĴʳֶͣϳԹ˼ҲƵĿջֵ̨ܲܿ꣬һֵϵͳʾûгֵ֪оƵģǰҲǧΪӰÿسǶһҷֵֶ꣬Ҳû
һڲֵܿ꣬ȴĽҰⲻֵܿꡣ
ֶƴĿֵ꣬Ϊ㹻ʯ֧ŻġĽҰ⣬տʼʱһŶĵطҿջȻӳŵĵջ뷨ܿͷˣּǿջû㹻ʵ֤ᱻȺջˣҲһֱûⷽˡ
һسǣҿջͶˣڱصĹϽΧڣȴʮ֮࣬ԭڣջĿ˶ڸص̷ڻĽҰ⣬ͬ⡣
ֻҪֵľ빻ԶּǿջûڻĽҰ⿪ֵꡣ
ֶɨܣǸϿȣԼס
ûб˷֣ϿȵĳɼΣֻдͱһ·ѡҪȻҲʱѡ¡
ѿջϿȵУ˵һֻ񣬾ǰֻǧֻҲ϶±˷֡Ҫ֪ǾŽϢȫ赲ӥ񲻸ͱھ֤ûб˷֣һ϶Ҳԭ֮һ
Ҳ͵ڣͶ·һʱʧͱڣû˿µϿڡֻҪ沼ü߽Ȼ˴Ūȥȫû⡣
Ȼ۷ǿҲпܺķƾԼԵ͵ԲƵĳ̶ȡϾͨɽϵţҲֻеƫϵţʮҲ۷ǿ·˵ͱϣֺķҪڳɽвϡϿ·ʲô
۷ǿߴּǿջѶͷͷҲһץ˹ָÿջһ۷ǿߡ
ףֶ㳹˿ֻҪܰץסͷɻǳɹ˰˳ɡ
ƣ̱˴Զ㣬ô뿪ֶŶüǾŽƺͳ̱ʵֱڰغھأǰǳ̱ĿֻбɱķݡˣΣա
̱һԾרעĵһֵΣź󷽷ˡĦȭƣȥ
ɱ˫ۣͬۻʰߴ˵ֶһԵķѯʵǰмɵİգ
һ˲ʱһֶѡľŽ鵶İʮɣİգɲǵĻǿɡ
ɣֶȻ
ǰ˵ˣǡЦӦʮɵİղŶԡ
ʮɵİգɾȵĿᰣһأһأǾŽֶоŽ鼼ǿֻܸϼغ϶ѡʱ򣬲취赲һܵٶȣôҲ˼ӳɵʤ㡣
ǰˣҿǸ߽ʦ赭д
һȻ񣬿ģӦ˯ҵߺţ϶˯ʱܳ
ֻҪŪ̫Ķᰵ֮ǰóһ߽
һ߽񣬻ʱ߽ʱʯ滹иʵǿ۷ǿߣʮ궼ʲô¡
ܿ죬˱Χķֶ˰ףĺʮҷ
һֵͼᰵϷΣȵóֶͷϢѹƣǰᰵķԸ۽ͼơ
룬Ĭͬһɽɵĵܣ·ˣ


436 
ƺ˵ʱ䲢ֻСʱʣµģѵģҲǺʱĲˣֶ˶ﲻʲôæ˳ĸǷΧ
ʱƶŻԲѵ˻
ƹиٲٲͨͨͨ˳ˮǱɽµһˮ̶ƽѾ͵ĵڽ£֣δƹ񣬽ô
ȻҪϿｨջ֪ôɲܷȥ˵ֶһ£ȥͨŪѣŵҩŻŻȻͳȥ
ôͳȥƲ
ҪȻô죿ɱֶ˻ֻ֣Ǹͨˣ㹻һӵƱŻŻڿ϶ǲʲô뷨ġ뷨ҲøȥŵṩϢУԵڻ˳ǵСͽ϶ܹ뵽ϿöԼܱܿŵɱڡ
ŻŻֻǶ϶ѣּǿջѾϢ֪ˡ
Ƶͷŵ꣬ٶ뿪
һһҹһϰٱİ˽㲼ɡ
ΪڻɱռԼƽңİ˽׺ҪС٣߽
һһҹܲóһ߽ͬ׵ٶȣѾԸŽʦᲢۡ
Ƭϸڣıø߸ֶͷ֮ұһӣһĨõɫâŶʮ׿һʯͷȥ
ƿ˲Σʼսҵ۾Ȼһ̣ŷԼϢĵطС㡣
ŽǲµģȻչ˲ʮף׵Ͽȣ˲ʱռ˽λãЩӵ
չ֮ʱҲƫУǿһ߼ʯͷ
Ľⴥʯͷɲǣһʯͷͬըҩը۳ʮ֮ԶһɫȻɢ֮
һ̣еľˡϤͱںŵԼϢС㣬ˡȡ֮һ޴ıߵС
̹ǵĺϳӿȥٵĴ׳ĳУſ־壬ŷŭ
ʮ׳Ĵ˼£ղʮףϷѹֹͣĴ壬ֹס΢΢սУһӨ͸ıɽǱɽߴǧף˷Բǧ壬Ҳͷͷĺ޾ĵӿһĿ־塣
䣬ǧ꣬µĶ
ǵɲַϢںϮ£ϼƱջҪҫ۵ëܵһԶԶһԽһɽ
أһȵŵѣǹɲַϢٶȱ
䡭
һԺ󱬿еľŽ鵶ȵĿԵëС
һһͬǶһ㣬ĬʯһͷϢ嫵һһӡǣһɽѾӡǡ
ڵвӿĿХˣײľ֮ͬ󺣵캧ˣٳƵĺ硣
룬һľֶۣУͬǷ
۷ǿߺ;ŽսҲޱȵ𺳡
һƲԴǳˣͱڼҪ߹ʨӺ𼸸̨ס
ֶƴע˫ǿĳѹס
ǰˣںԽסʩչĿռ䣬취ζ¸ëĿ϶ᰱֶҪ򶨺࣬˫̤ͬӣŸ
˲ʱһöӰ㣬ƾôζͷҲȶĺϡұȻһŽ鵶ȻγɫѪҺڳĳУ˸ĶĹâ
˫ţٳ·䡣ֻգ۵Ĺ㵽ıһ㣬ƽذıϴ˲Ϣ㵹ĸλá
ұۣȻĵ磬ĸϵľΡ
䡭
УһɵɫСߣᰵдܳĳ๴תζϣŵɫĵҩ۽ôת뵹ʼͬװƷһ㣬εճڽϡ
һ֮ʱһĨ⣬ӳ˽ȥûȳ๺£пٴ˳ȥһУһǳɣֻ˲ĹǽŵҩΪֻԼۻˡ
ܷܷһץתŷɵᰵǰóһСƿοƿһ֣ŵҩճ˽ϡ
ۿֶѹѾİȫ·߳嵽ǰ׼սţѵֶ취ι鵤
鵤ԾŽЧֶͣЩĿᰡϡǵã˵Žʵ۷ǿߡ鵤ھصǿ˵Чϱھصǿ߸һСĴһص۷ǿߣµԣٶҲǶûж
Ч󣡡ᰵ
ֶ˵óСƿӿСƿ˲ʱ𣬳ȥ
ЧζЧ
ҲɣСƿշɵĸǳſһʹŭ쳤𣬶Сƿ˳С
һ𶪽ȥĻֹ
ƿӶѣθ¾ˮֶü΢ЦôļһθθҪСƿܽⲻˣǲǹ¡
ģ᰻Щš
ȻģֶЦݣҵһᰲ֪ˡ
ֶôƶˣջ֮һóСƿ˽ϡ
ٸҼֶƶ̨һƿʣ֮󣬲ɿҪ
ܿ죬ƿʱ֮Ժ󣬶ʮƿ鵤һԸ档
һƿʮţʮƿٶšһŵЧȻ󣬵ٶ鵤Ȼ
ܿ죬ҩЧ͵õ֤룬ÿһȥԭֻЩƤˣģĳ̶ԽԽɽĽɫѪҺľҲԽԽʣ鵤ûҪȻȵ˵ǷǶͷˣûʱĿ񹥣Ҳ޷½ٶȿ쵽̶ֳȡ
ԶֶѾûְæˣǿóѾעӲơ
ǰʱҵʱ䣬ѾȫĴֿѾֻǿȡֶʣǿȵҲֻЩƤˣڷֳ־Ž鵶۷ǿǰÿһȥǵ⡣
ĵطҲڵڵλãѪҺʧڼڵܵĳײǾ޴ƶٶȺܿҲͬǧĴһ¶ء


437 Ͽеķֵ
䡭
һ죬Ӵ󵽺ŵ֧Ųסڷһδεǿ£ںһδεϮ£ͬһߴĽɽȻ
ҳ쫷Уһɫĳڰ
ڶһ£ֵ˳ĴһѾһϢϢԾǳĪĿ־塣
ģ³Ϊһ̲⽴ǽɫëӲɱ߽׵Ӵ޷أǽʯҲ˲䱻ݻٳĩ
ЩߣﱾȦʳ˿̣֮ʣһĶˡ
ˣ
ֶȭ߸߻Ӷ˼£еļȴδʹйϵϲã˭ҲԿó˿еļ
ͷɻŽĳ֣ֶеһȱһ޴Ŀȱ
һŽֳɹּǿջҲõĵϵƣһּǿջķչٶȣƳ󣬶ȻԺɨκο
˶ܿ죬̱Ʒһɽһĳֶ˵УŽңɼޣгһĿãǾʥһ졣
ɽ죬һֻŽԼǰԼָͣо̱һʱҲ޷
κһˣ¶һͬΣУԼһͷŽ޻ؼݺԾ
ơƹܲһ£һĿֶԴЩ͡
һԣ̱̲ס˵ͷ
һ£ֶЦһôٰһëŲࡣ
ƹһݺ˿ĭ
󣬹ֽһŽɽ˹ȥ
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ϣǲ֪С߶֣֮һҪѾţܸ֮㶨ߣӹ̩ɽѹȴӲ˵Ĳ̤
ƸϱıھŽ֮ϵĿСΣֶĽΪ˱ƹϣҲȥˡϵĸойѪȣǾŽʳ˵Ĵڣʲôϻ󣬻졣
ȵ̱ˬˣֶİƣ˵ע
ƣػ˳ǵĵ
ңЩˣ۾һԵĳ̱˼ԣ뽨ó̱ȥֺǡ
ʵ˭ֶһ۵˹ȥջʣҪǺҪġ˵ڳˣ˷֮⣬٣ʵӦơֶĿջȴֻǸŵζѣòһשһ߳ۻƵ٣̱ĹΪʵá
һۣ˲ʱƵɵýŲ鸡۵ѹûκηĲ鲻Ըͱ£Ѱҵһŵ֮Ծȥ󲻶ϷԾ
ȵ뿪ֶɹȥռľϣ÷ɽľϸһʺľ壬̱Ǹýڵ濪һԼʮֵС
ֶƹδεĿջڰΡȵʺľԺ͵÷õĵط
һھأһأһأټһĳһأʵ㹻һˡһ׵ĿջٶҲֻһʱ䣬ջ͡
ѡǷ񽫿ջֵϵͳ
ڣԹʮΣ˿ƵʴϷ֮ϵͳʾһĽʱʵĸʱΪϵͳʾʼû𣬱ֶ˱ư衢ˮ֮ϸڡ
ѡȷϺֶڹ̨վ˿
ɨڵõϵͳϿɵĿջֶ̲ס¿ķֵ꣬һǧףףռؾһҷֵꡣͬ¿ķֵ꣬Ҳõһҷֵ꣬ľʡľǽľ¥塭ĿľͷľͷôҲЭۡ˵ּǿջ󺺹ҲƵõһҿջ
ȻҲּǿջֻʱģ˹ؽ
ֶ򿪿ջϵͳֵĵͼѸϷľ޴ľóΪȦ֮Ŀ򿿽ͱڷһľš
ľóΪţͨϳּǿջֶĿͣᰵϡ
ʶôãֶһһ᰿νָƣһٶ񣬱֪뷨ǰľŴһֶϤġ򵥵ĵͽ
ջϵͳӳɣѾ֪ԶҪһصţȻҲòȻӻǵһģҪȻһžһطʵ̫˼ˡиΪƣ׽͵ͨˡ
⴫ôҲǾŽ󣬲˵ȥֶѾ˲Щˣܷͳ̱ô룬벻ҲֻΪɣѾƮƮóŽ״
һľţֶ̧ҽţ̤˽ȥһֶ̣Ȼ޷ľأһϿһ룬ڻ˿ʮǧȴֶϵһ
ֶȴû룬漴Ҳ̤˽ȥ˲ʱϳּǿջ
ҵϿȵ˵һ飬Ը찲һûȥؿֵĻϿȷ¿ջҸһֶ֮ͬƬ̣ͬеĻһ˻
ȵ߽ȦֵֶעĳɳʱΪÿʮ֮Ŀһοᰡ
ڼ׵ķﲼÿп޵ÿ׵һֶͽΪӳɵķ䡣
һŪףͷɻ͵ͻ飬ȻɳȥµˡǣƴС
θŵٹǰǰҲʱ䣬Լʱ仹н£ʱ䣬ֶȻ˷ѣһһ򵥵ķ䣬ڣȫڷ
óһźֶУȵ˳ʺӿȥʱůС
ӿǷůھһܻ֮ٿȻżǿһʮ죬ֶһ㣬ûкÿһӵ˵ҲӴϰٱ
ٶȣֻҪ㹻ĻʮҵʱԳɹͻƵء
ȷ˵һηúҩЧֶԥȫעоȫͶ뵽С
ʱţֶźҩЧɹͻƵصĵڶ죬Ƶ·Ͽȣ·;ԼʱҪ졣ʣ˳ѾˣҲǰ
µʱ䣬ȦУ൱һʮʱ䣬ʱ˵ڣԣȴֻеһС֣ʱ䣬۷ǿǰҲѵͷ­һԼһ𡢵ʵһצȥĳĻˡ
Σֶֻ÷ǰǵͷһ죬һͱڣڰǻӥٶǰǡ


438 
ʮǸߴʮɣһɽĳǽԶԶ
˸տ˵ĵطֶһкָӥ䡣
ӥɻذֶ̤֮Ϲٵ
ǣүֻˣ
ǰ߲̫ʱڵĳǽٳˡϢ»Ҫֵĳţ̲סɤӣһ䡣
ž
̧̱ҽţֻӬһʱһһƳĺ˹ȥȵóǰĲͣ¡
Ҷۡ
ףȴ˿û⣬˷ܵĿֶƹ񣬽ԺҴȥ¥ľƲˣҲպգҪǣĹƶŮֵ÷ֲ嶫
飡
һ䣬ƵɳȥڵϻײŻͷˣϣŲƵ˷ʡ˶ʮĵط˵ᣬŵѪҲԥĽе˷ܺͼó˷
׳գƯĹҲûκιϵߺһطʵôϲ˵ĵطԭʹʹУ̫ࡣ
̫֣ڴ󺺹ôʡŮ˲ȤܴﵽڵϾųҲûȢӵĴ㣬һ£޷Ů׽һ¡طĳĳĳĳܹĶۣܲˬ
ͷ㲻Ǿ͵¥ҹʱ֪ʲôɫɲˡţҲ̹Ƶ˷ܾһʱȻ޷ˣѧֶϰ߶ŷüˬͣ㡣
ˣƼƽϣ赭дûõģº֡º֣־ЩС
һ˳ȥƴתͬݰתųŷȥ
̱ƣ߰ɣֶſڡ
̱ԣһֵĺϣ֮һȣſ˹ȥ
ʮ׵ŶǰȻʣһɫĽֵչ¶˵ǰ
ֵϣһ̯λУһɫȫǺڲףĸɫġֶţһ̽Щͷųġ
ڿǣҩЧЩģҲܱȫҩҲ޷ҵû뵽սǣһϣ̯϶ʱʱǺͿǣҲ̫һ㡣
ϸһֶ̽ͲŴЩĵ̯ڵߣһǴﵽ߽ס
ʵѾȥСˡ
һξǣֶ¶ȣ͵ǾĽ֮һЩ̯ԺǼڲߣżȥɽɼģòϵľóȡʯٽֵĵһЩԸ̯ĵòϵģᶪҩ̣ĵĵȽ׻϶ߣĵ̯ҪƽҪһףյļǮˣ۸񷴶ԼɵĻҪһЩ
ֶͷȿҩҪ߸׵˵ùȥҪȻ̯϶ģǾǾЩ̫ˡģҩЧߵģǮҲӡ
Ҫ߽ģ͵ȥˡ᰼ȣֲģҲڵ鵤ǮͬȵġڵҪһأС֣ٵ̶߽Ļ߽鵤ְܳ˽׻߽׸ġ鵤Ȼſһ֣٣ǮҲƵۡ
ֶЩô߽׵ġ鵤
ⶼ˵ǿ߸ɱ޻鵤ʵϣϴ󲿷ֵĵ̶ǸſġЦ콣ھͿһ򵤹ڵĵרһЩ˵鵤覴õġ߽鵤żҲü䵭ʱġ
򵤹ڣŰƮݣЩǵֶ̡֪࣬£
ʵĻ鲻ңҲʷˣ֪ܲҡͷ
ôθƤŵ㣿ֶ㲻ãϳ͢͸Žʱ򣬸Žڵ棬ÿʮ㹻췭ظ
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440 ʵҴү
һԵϺ賽еľƱЦǺǵ֣ⱭٸϽ¸꣬ҲüоϺӡɲ֪ϺһӣɲӹеģвŻеλǶմ˸ֵĹ⡣
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441 ҹ̽ʹ
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446 
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ۿֶ޶ԣжٻӿǹ˼ɸͬɽڳֻɱˡ
ֶǲʵûȤ񳣣½ٺҲˡ˵ʵͬɽûȤ𿴸ͬɽڲּǿջͷΪ˸۵İѱһҪѱٻ뵽ѱķ϶ԥĵӡ
񳣵ɱ˵Ը񣬸ͬɽıµֶֻ಻١λûȤ
ϢŭƹСʿϰ䣬ز˽⡣ͬɽæ͡
ϢŭЦſͬɽ
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͹Ҳ͵͹ˣͬɽûԼѾﵽ֪ĳ̶ȡֶ񳣶ǣ鷳ȴС
һӣûʸ㣬ͬɽͷۣݵλûĻӶѹסƫƫ乻
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үƾִӣܳǬʵϲӣڻеݣ͹ЩݾλĻӡǲǬʵϲǸŪһͣҲԶЩֻжʮĻܱȵġ
ټ񳣵Ըֶּǿջͬɽûа취ͨͿȴԲС
εǣֶڸͬɽǶԵ̤ʯ̤ʯƽһӣȻĲ鲻ԸֲòôΪֶϣ潲ӵ֤ݡ
˼طǣ潿ԣǷ绨ѩ¡ҲԣǷǸߣԸ¥ŮӻûӽΪԸϡдͲˣǱΣΪ֮٣ĸԸ˼ӵ飬ʿϣһĨȥľ޴۵㡣
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λŻӵУܵģ»ʡ̫УëӣǬʵڳ̫ӵ棬Ҳǽëӡ
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ݺٳʮأҪôԩͬɽôԼ
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ش˼ֶƱͬɽ̫ʦ쿴ϵӣͲɽҰƽˣȾƣ
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һٶڣѾˡȻΪӣ棬ǿҲͱȳ˺һЩˡ

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ݣվһҲȸͬɽ̫ҲҪһЩ۵Ǭʵеĵλ񳣻֪֮ġ
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ҵǬʵԣ⵨ȴҪСࡣ˳֮ŸҰƨɰСȥ
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޴պ;沢һĻջڸͬɽڲƽ֮󣬲ò֡ɨϵΣתȥŻ²þƲˣϣɫƽģȴѾڳ˲ٺˮ


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ʵ۵棬ǻɾ͵ʵ۵ˡҵðֶ¶ȴţλŻӻðŰѵܷķԼ
Ǭʵ۵̬ȣٶȳ˵ԤϣֻŶһֿͬɽԱߵ񳣡
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449 
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ֶЩգ֪ǬʵѵģԼȻ˴ֳȥý֣Ȼæоںϣȴûǿջ顣ָʹּܹǿջǰһ̨׵
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ηꡢϺߴмҾʱ񣬷һʱ˫ϲּǿջھκһҲԸǡ
ңǾŽ񣬳Ҫǧֳ꣬ĳɱߵףγɹģʱ˵ҲꡣͲͬˣֳֻ죬аʱ㹻ԴƳˡȻȦģֳɱᳬļǮּǿջ棬ȴֵһᡣοһֱġϷɵκκ޸޷ܾջ
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һǧŰӣ˳ܵǧͷǧһӡһѩݣôĴֶۣܼʵҲһáϾѾƿֲˣּǿջĸĳ˦ּǿջڵ棬޷˦߽׸ģƱػй¶Դֲ⼸ָ߽׸ĵܣ󻼣ԲСº̣ͷϻûѩݣеĻͻཻ
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һɣ棬ûѩݡۿֶһ߹۲Σһ߳ս͵Ȼһǧӣ֪ѩһᵽҲ˵ʾ⼸죬һı뿪İ취Բôôİ취ܿܣһжڶԷļ㵱С
㵱Уֶǿѹͷļ꣬˵ڵķӦڼ㵱У
пܣصͷ
Ҳ˵ֶӿ˼ȶ䣬ᣬȻȥȻȻǹ˵Ƿͬ뿪ĻЩûϣ񵽴ɢӣƳڽֵȻ󣬽Щ˵ɱ¾̵˳ָԤôΪʲô
ᰵĿ⣬Ȼ̵ǡ
ֶһͬʱ뵽һԡ
ٻѩݣܾܿȺߵС
Ƕ벻ףôģΨԲܽͽľֹˡ
ѩѾڸղųȥֶȻȣֱ÷ҪĻʮ߳ȥָ̳ԤҪԶʮ֮⣬Ҳд˿Գɹ嵽ΧȻΧΧߡʱѩݵڣֻҪΧ˽Ӧ˿ʼѰ֮ǰ̵ˣҲѲ֪ˡ
ֶһд˲ʱɲס˽Ųǲɵ⻰˰Ƶ˼⡣
ſʬĿ֪䲻ٽϻʬķǺɣΧǻ᲻һǸɵȻ󼸸ʮһѷһǻ¸顣

ֶĻҲͬڷ˼Ĵͷˡս봢һ鿴ʱŭɶĺһ棬ϰٸľС
봢ĶǴ䶪ˣǲܶġû˻ڸõֵǧӵѩݺӶôѳΧʱİѩݷϰٸľеһ
ɣЩľ沢ûװѩݣ֮Ի봢䵱УֻΪǸ壬Ǹʹ޷䶪תע塣ˣʵɶٮٮߣЩתעʻ𵽼ڻá
ƫƫͷĺ֪ˣȴôҲ¶˾ĽеĴ䳯ΧȺжȥ
һ˿ĿԣҲܷο㶪ȥˣ϶Ҳв˻ĶϾЩûۼ֤ΣһӦ󲿷ֶǻпѾҲ˵㶪ȥˣҲֻǷɢעѣ鷳ɴڣ綥ѹһѡ
ͷĺˣ͸ƻߣҲò˵Ļ䣬ѾͲܶ
ѩݵ˼ȳȥǣֶһ仰޷ʱͷ֮˲ʱ߱˱ߡһʮֵ⽣Ӱвҽš
ʼٸֶȴûʱԼ˽һᱻɱʬϿӡ


457 
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ʮ߱˸ֶ̧֮ͷᰣ˴ӶԷУͬĴ𰸡
Ŀ⣬֮˻ص̵ǡ˵ߣʵҲȻֶᰣȺзϺǿߵӰ
˻ص֮󣬲˼ȥǸѩϵˣһСĹ۲ԵˡĿ⣬ϺϡǵУֻϺͷñſĳۣԵΪء
ţ˭飬Ϻָ֮עϺϡ
Ϻһ£δۣ˻ص賽ߵĴ㡣
һȺߣôվſСĹ۲ߵˣ˭ҲûлȥӵĴ㡣Ͼѩĳ˵ϣζǽӽѩݵˡȻΣ˴ѩݵļʣҲͬ
ѩЩĻǸôģü΢Ǳ˻ڻ˿ѩʱ̡ʣµģǾҳѩݵ˭С
ֶƬ̣Ȼ̧ͷСѯʵǲǵã·ΣЩˣ
ᰵ˵ͷĿ굱ʱĵطӵļ඼ܾӦûʲôرͨͬҲܴվ룬˫쿪ֳѾԵӡ
ֶҲ˹ȥͨĵطҹжʮӡʮӣֶŰ˸Ȼûʵȥѩݵҩ̡
ʣµʮӡֶĿ⣬ͣ賽ϡ
賽ԱߣſΡֶϡǵ賽ϺλãſΣԭϺŵġ
ѵᰵȻ
˭ֶæѯʵ
˵ǸϺᰵһˣɵİˣֻɡ
Ϊʲôֶ׷ʵ
˵עһطʱ֡С㿴ǸϺλãûǴĻתûͿʼȻѴ䶪ȥ䶪ȥǶʱ䣬ʣ˵ע˴档ʱıܵҼǲˣѴ䶪ȥɲǣֱۣһѾ·ϺʱѾˣÿԳٴֱ̧ܵʱѵĴ佻Ϻ
ѩݣоųɵİˡֶڵҸղţȻɵҲΪǧ˰Ӳͨǣõóûж١ģһԷ־¥Ĳǧ˰ӣͬʮҿ¥ɵΪ棬һɺҲ̫һ㡣ңҺܻϺʵ賽Ӷѳģ賽ܴʾǴĵġټƶϣѾǳˡ
᰻ͷĿٶȺеϺƬ̣һĨЦ⸡ӡ
ڣ˵Ǿųɾˡ
Ϊʲôֶ
ϸϺ·λáѵ
ֶ˹ȥƬ̣ɫһϲϸĹ۲£Ϻǿĳϣ˵λã˻ע⵽ĵطȻһѷ졣֪ϸȥƵĻ½ۿҲ޷ѷ죬ΪϺ·ɫͳһģһѷ죬Ҳ̫ϸˡ
һֶ̣Ȼʡ飬Ѿˡ賽ʿʿżɵ˫֣ٻ˵֡ʾ֮賽㿪ʼıƻ
ýѩݣȻŽѩݷ봢䣬ֱ۷£ƱڵסɲǣٰװѩݵĴȡͬɫĴ䡣󣬽Ž䶪ȥڵǿҲ̲סעڼٴʱڱ;Уֱ̧ʱ򣬲ɫĽװѩݵĴϺ·ѷȥ
󣬱ǽǰһ仰Χ۵ҩ׷ԶǷ֮ءҩǵĳˣӶռ̵˵ĴΪ˱˴ȥǶɱˡ
ſ̫ˣ̵϶вСӰ졣̵ĳȲѳ棬ŵ˶Զ̡
ҲµΨִ䵽޷˼ĵطòӿȥ취ѩݡϺ˻ȥֻҪǻ쵽˽ֵϵΧȺУֻһ˽ӦװѩݵĴȫתƳȥ
᰼ǳڣʱھƳЩߣִֶʾǣƻԳƵ޷졣ڵ˶˼Ҳû˿Բµѩݵôߵġ
򵥰ֶ񣬲賽ɨƻҪ賽ڶ̶̼ģҶүΪ־¥ˣпŲͬѰܡ
Ψһֶ²͸ģһѩݶ賽˵ôֵǮ
賽Ͼ˼ͥ˵һѩݻ԰Ϻһسڶأ賽Ǹǿߣǧ˰ӣҲʵ̫һ㡣ң賽һǧӣ־ڱصòκʧҪȻǧѾԱ֤ųɾŷĪˡ
ʵϣӦʮ⣬ֶƶϳľʵûκƫȻһЩֶ֪Ķʿ賽ڶྭʮʿ֮һЩѾȫϣЩʿҲɺԡ˼룬ǿʿʵУԳƵʿЩʿҲܲϸ
Ϻʵ賽Ҫ̶ȣֶǾ޷õġȻȻҪ̶ȸߵֶ޷󣬽ǧӣ賽Ҳȷʵľôͳ
ЩƱȫǼٵġ
賽ͷϣиƱʮšЩƱֽšӡºͰǣȫƱһģһΨһĲ֮ͬڣΪֹǮׯ˽ӡƱеƱȫýͬΪ֤͢͢ƱϼӸһóӡǵӡ¡ӡϺɫִŷǳԵİ͹СҷڻϿջӡڴƱһʾһƱȵֺ͸ƱķǮׯ
賽µţԷƳͬɫӡӡϺİ͹Уȴоʮ꣬Ҳ޷Ƴӡܲջ٣ʾƱϢ
賽һѣ̵Ļǣѹ˻üƱЩƶںӴǰȥһûۼα
ʣˡ
ȻЩûйϵֶ֪Щֻﱸйء
ǰ賽ʹ󲿷ҩһŤͷվſڵǡУȴǺ޵ҧгݡֶ
ƻ˵򵥣ΪӪݲһ˿ĲΪˣҹ߲ݲеϸڶԤ⣬ɹļӦÿԴﵽųϡ
ɽųϵĳɹʣȴʧˡҸֱ賽ǽȥʧܿԣ۷ǿڳƾ̽ľٶٻǿ߸ðŵķڽõѩ֮ᡭȴûпǹ˻µļƻؼģѩݲ©ۼͳȥʱ̽ƻԭƻô̵ʱµɽǻûԤϵĵطƫƫµĻֶ
ֶڵһ̣賽һ˿ͷ˺ܿܳΪ־¥Ŀǣƻﻮʮļƻ


458 ʽ
⣬װѩݵĴֵϢϴѾҺصʼͲסеɱ̵档
ͷǿߣµҲʵײ㡣˫ȭѵ֣ԼɢΧ£޷ͻΧҽЩ֧
˳ҾۼͷһһȻһ
ʱ˾΢񣬱Ϳǿ֮ĩǣʼԴͷΪģƴΧ۹ȥ俴ϣʵûи߽ߵΧԵֵͻȻһ˱ᡣڴ˳£һЩ߽߶ϵʵñ֮⣬͵ɱ˴ͷ˵ߡ
ȻЩ˻ΪǵǴ۳һзͬ飬иǿߣֻҪһУȻȵΧҪϰٱǧƾ迴ϣı嵽ͷ˵ߣһǰƸһк£ͷ˵ľٶٶ͹ȵС
һ˸ӵľ䣬Ĵͷ˸˳һ̣мûκͣ٣ʣͷǼһֻΪƷʱѩڴʲôط
Σûڹ۲ǣʼûдͷǿֲ©һЩǿ֮ĩȻۼһҪѹһЩȴҲֻʱ⡣
ɱɱǣѩݾм䡣
ֻҪɱΧˣʵǿҲѵߵΧ˭ܵõѩݣͿ˭ˡ
Щͼôͷûг֮ʱȰΧ˸ɱΧߣǿЩˣҲЩ־ˡ
һľ䱻֮󣬴ͷ˳ױŭˡտյбƭ׼ȴŭ
ָѣ鿴ΧʱѾֻʣĸ
ϲϷңͷһҧ䳯һʵǿ˳ȥ
ѩݣˣ
⻰ͽʱ˵ĻͬЧ˵˵ע룬עⴢͷĿڵ
ɱ
ŭд䣬ս˭д䣬˭˵Ŀꡣ
һʱ䣬˷ˣתһ
ˣ
ͷĺһȣһ˺ϵ·һ߱³ȴ
ȵ˳ٸľĸǷΧ˵ﾻ٣Ǵ仹ȫ£ֻʣһɵĿáã°ػ˺˴롣
Ϊ仹ڴͷϵǣԥͷ˾ôãܲŴ䣬˵װѩݵĽľɵľˡ
ѣ
ͷ˰ʮĺһѾԵùˣҲ档
˳һ£뽫ϵʹ˵߶ԣ߹⻰Ҳֻ˵˵ˣ˭ģǿݶˣǲǸ߽ߣֻŶ
ԥǣ׷ǣֻʣһ߲ˣ˵ѩݲǵϡ
ܿ죬еעȫתƵ˱ͷ˻ˮƵϡ
죬ϵµĴ䣬Ūþơ
ͷ˵õʱѪҺǽġ
겻ĶصʵԴͷ˵ʵ˲Ϳ԰ӡǸĨȻԼ
ͷڶǿߣĴ䣬صǿҪһʱصǿҪһӣصǿ߿ԺĨӡǡϣ˲ĨӡǡҪµĻǺʹͷͬڶʵǿߣǸ߽ʦҲӡǸĨ
ˮƵ죬;ڣ֪ͷڼ޻ʵֻھأҲʦȴ᲻÷һϣ
˭֪ǲǹװѩݵĴתߣȻٳû
ԣڷľֹѩݺܿȷʵڵǰ£һɵļҲûС
ֻаɣҲֵðˡ
һѩݣĽ˳ɹǿߵС
Ȼ뷨ûг̫áΪΧߣûôɳ˱ΧĶԺ״ͷĺ˵ʱܵ˶ѹ
֯ͻΧδۿߵһѪɽڱ˳ȥңЧº˵ľٶϵʹ䣬һԵĸڵأǣͬˡ
ᴢˣûκνļ󡣵һиߵõϢ̤֡Ψһ֮ͬڣ䣬עӴƿԽԽ࣬Ǿ⣬ѩݻڵ档
ֶʼնһ߹۲ΣһСżƲߡһغڣһǰڣʵԺɨ⡣
ĸ֣ȴû¶档ֶҵǱڽǿߡҪǣᰵ޷̽ĸ߽ǿڳֻһڵõѩ֮ɱ򵤹ڵĿԾͲ
һɤӺȥôǰѩݸͬҲ٣һǣս⣬̵ſڡ
̵֪ѩݱ˳£ѩеϢְ»̽ĳǣ׷׳̵ΧǱ
ЩǱλãǱ漸ҪϵǱȺе޷ȷѩݵ˭Уֿʼн£òȡǱ׷Ѱפ㡣ҪȻѩݵӵʼ޷УѩбЩ̵ĳеһڸ޷ҵͳһĿ£Ǻܿܳ˻Լҵĵ̡Ҳ͵ڣѩݵᣬһ䡣
ָ߽׸Ļֵʱ̣ǲеġΪǵھǣһѵĳڵֵóĺö֣ȻȥȻȱЩȴھǵǿôǿҡЩö۵ĴΪռʱЩϸЩöһŻ֮⣬ĵ̣ʱȫȱֻʧ
Ҳֻг˵̾Ϳɫԭ˺öžͱΣգʻе̵ĸӰ졣ЩҲû취ǲɳϲǵǿߣΪǻȨ룬ܷθдϳӽ¡
Щǿ߲ȸǰռʯġȲأ߽ġޡĪˡ
ˣǸᡣֻƾ豳ŵľ޴֤ڵû˸ҳᡣ
ΣȴмĲͬ義ǵıǿߣʱ棬Ҷͬȵġڲ֪ѩݵ˭е£Ǹռ˼Ϸ磬ûһֵĻᡣ
ʱ䣬һһĹȥվſڵǣڿʼصԼȥˣվţҲǰ취
Ϻصλʱ賽վ


459 ⲻһĽ
һʱ䣬ֶ賽״ȴЩŪľٶ£ϺűȽΪɵһֻ֣ܱ֤ѩݻϺϡ
ֶȵǣ賽Ȼ˫ĿУŲߵǰ
һĵıȥȻ͵֮ʱ賽СȻ֣Ҳʶˣô
ֶ֣ЦݣЩζ賽ĻᰣȴЩͬ˼
ԣֻ̫࣬һ˹賽ͷҲֻ˹ذҲɣ
˵ʵһأһأɲһһܱȵġֶȻֵǲԣѩݵùҡ⣬ҲӣŲҲ㡣
賽ٸоȣֻϺ˵ֶʵٸ߳ءû뵽߳أءһջƹӵػصʵ֮⣬иػصѣʵЩ̫˼ˡ
賽ɿϺķ򣬵õĴ𸴣һĵͷǻҡͷ
賽ȻϺ˼˵ȷԶ˵ʵ޷̽Ҳ͵ڶ˵ʵȷʵϣ׸ߵʲô̶ȴ˵׼
һ£賽Ϊѵֲǲ֪ôҲûУҲȱӡ֣ʵôǿһѩݵİӦòŶԡҪȻǱͨһ£ѹУٳƱ֣
ǽ֣ܲʲôĸ߽ģȻˣûзĵֶҡͷ賽Ľ飬ûвĵ֮ǰ˵ֻҪѩݣ׼賽Ŀܹ꣬ݶѡھܾȻҲǲֵ̫ԡ
ԺòѩݳŻĲ˵룬ֵ̫У賽µֲѩݵİ취
⡭賽һΪѣӣȻǱСĿ𣬶ҪܳɹѩݴȥҲüͷǰǣǸ˶ֶֶּǿջǷ־¥ľУӸѾǰּǿջӿ췢չˡҪټӼۣһʱ֮Ҳ벻ֵǲֵ
ϾֻҪ̣ȫû⡣취ϵϣһĴǰæȥֻҪǰǧ˰ƱǼƱᱻҴõ̷治˽ѩݵĿҲСټ̱ҲиǿߵĳϺͱŵɹȥļʲֶæ͡
賽ֶ֮ȥСֶֶٳѩݡ̷棬ֻһϣһǿڶðճŲѩݡϾǿߣͬỳѩݴȥˣҲ֮һȥ󣬷ΪΧһĿꡣ
̽̽ʵֶΪʲôжѩݻ̵ġ
ֶЦֱˣղųѩݻڵҡ˵֪ѩ˭
賽΢Ȼֶ
ֶЦ
賽һ£ҧҧڵ˲Ѻ֮⣬ټһ߽
벻ֻ߽ɽֶһһ죬ƶ̨ȡһ䣬װģưӡǽ֮󣬶賽ڵĸ߽鼼ѾĨӡˣΪѺ
У賽ӹ䣬󲽻صλ佻Ϻ
ϺѪ֮󣬲鿴һ´䣬տյʲôҲû֮󣬸С賽
ˣ賽ѾȷϣֶѾ֪ѩˡ
һ£賽Ϻߣ취ͨĽۣѩݵĲȡһ䵱С
ȵϺɣвѵĴ佻賽֮賽óһֶЩּǿջС
ֶǰ賽ֶڵֹĿ߽Ʊ
ֶӹ͸¶Уһ֮⣬ĿռУûκζȻ֮ǰֻſտ
óɽϺӡĨȥ˵Ѫ棬ɹ̽С
棬̲ӡ
ֶϣĸһĨЦ⣬Ȼİƶ̨С
죬֣Ӱһ
賽ԶϺ˵ͷˣʽɡ˿ǴɵĽ˫ѩݣֶò⴫ĸ߽鼼ΪѺ賽ȸŵıꡣѩݵֶ֣ѩȥظ߽鼼ѩû֣賽ı𻻻ظ߽鼼˫ǣƣ˭ѻԼ
ʵĽףʵȴǿá賽ֶôеĲΪ𣬶ֶ𱣻賽ɹѩݴȥԺ賽֧Ӻ߽ʣµģֵߵıꡣɹȥ賽Ϳ͵͵תְѩݽӦˣʱԼĻ͵ðֶܴܲӳȥˡԼ߽ƱͷûеĻʻͷȥȡ塣
ǣǿǣԶһ־ڱصõĿжЩˬȴҲòͬǿߣ߽ǿеټ֪ѩ˭ȷʵѩݻһ
֮⣬в˿ʼ¹۲ߡǸղţڻѩϺֶ̬ȣԿ϶ɵ˴󽵵͡οѩϺĻ賽ҲῪôߵĴˣǿۣѾԵֵѩݵļֵˡôĴֻڣܱ֤԰ȫ뿪˵ȥ
ȴ֪賽ĿУѩݵļֵԶԶһ߽ΪͷһϺòϵ߽ҪȻҲῪˡңҲֶ֪ѾȷȷʵʵԿ϶ѩݾϺˡ賽˵ǸòЭľ޴Σա
ȵ賽ϺһֶԣһЩС˽֮⣬Ѿָƽ⣬һЩȲֿɿԼûѩݵҩ뿪Ҳƽʣµģߺǿߣڵʵüįѻġ
ѩǰ˵Ҳֻǵȴ죬Ǽֻ꣬ҪǵҲġ
ֶСо뿪ķѩݵĲѵ֣˵ֶѾѪеĳɹõҪĶǵˣ뿪ȴΪԼ֮ǰѩݻһ仰Σء
⣬ƣ񱳾̳ϳţҲԻᱻȺ˵֪ݵֶˡǿǿ̱Ĵţ˲Ҳͬȶѡ
һֱ˽ʱֶ˾


460 ʱ
˵Ķţȫɱ⣡
ʱڣгˣһᱣ֤İȫֻ·һ
һһӿһ߿ʼҪҳŵÿһӡ򣬵żҾʬ

ֶ˾֮󣬲ûе̫õʱ䣬⣬һЩõˣ¶ɫȻںڲô֡ںˣȻڵ̵У㲻óž͵ñɱ
ЩĻҲšģĸɵӡȥͣЦһţܱȺһѷΧסʬܱ֤ܲöǸ⡣
һֵĺЩЩǿк϶ǳɡڳٳûκӦ֮ȻѾʼˣһ룬ԼҲԲ
Σ˫΢գĬĬ붨״̬
ֶһרעģĿⲻͣɨӣʵԴƶѣ۾һƬնѹʲôûȥעҲ󲿷ֶھУֻеٶȺ붨״̬ٶһ죬òźһȫעѡ
ȵھвϱڡÿһλع֮󣬶ȻǴһ֡
ʱ䣬һַֹȥֶᰣ˭ҲûпڴƳŵ˼ղŵѾǼƻеһѳȥĻᡣΪһʧǻǼѳȥĻὫȥԼ˵ĻɡңֶΪѾﵽĩڣͻڼûиģԲŹ
ڣһʱôЩʱ취ͻƵأҲӼְա
ɫۿ̵ĻѾ򣬶ڶûһ˿賽ЩͲסˡ
ֲָͻΧʱǿֻ֣Ҫû۷ǿߣ϶ңҹɫȫͻΧȥ
۷ǿ߿ûʲôôѩݣȫԴҡڽҪǿ̱Ĵŷݣ۷ǿ߿ɲںﵽ۷ǿֻּҪ׻ɱ׹вȨľٶֻһֻ۱һֻۡҪȻΧ۷ǿߵĴ̫ˣһܹɹƼˣܵ۷ǿ߷ݶ԰֡۷ǿҪ԰֣ǽǣʮΧʧܵĻԴ󺺹ɼҵ𶯡
в۷ǿ󶼲Һǣ˵ųɾһ۷ǿ߶ûеĴž͸ˡһŵʵΧһ۷ǿߣǰ۷ǿ߲ܣ۷ǿ߼²λĻκŶԲסӸ⡣ֳޣû˭ȥ۷ǿ߽²ɵڵĳԹ
ԴҡڽҪѩݣȻ˳ȥʣû۷ǿߵġ
賽֪صǿߣھط׿̸ǷëǵĴڡҪȥǽҹɫʮþȡ
賽ҪʱϺһѽס
ϺҡҡͷڳȥԲ󡣡
賽һ£ʵʵ¡ţϺ޵ķʸ
ǿ̫࣬ˣͻȥĿҲֻ֮ҪǴ׸ҲֻһɵĻᡣϺΣΪǿߣ賽Ŷǿߡ
ڣÿһȽ׵ĲȷʵǾ޴ġһصǿ߰صǿסֵвѡ
ǿһأֻҪǿ߸ҷƴҲ԰ֶ᰸סһӵʱˣ˵ǻ׸ˡ
Ҫȷ׸ȫĻǿȫǶصʵԣûСһصǿߣġڰ˾صǿߣҲԶȫǿ߶Ƕصʵ
ҪһصǿߣֶˣͻΧȥҲȷƾֶסǿ߲ƴС
ҹɫڳš
ߣһ˿𡣶ɢģһ̫¶СԴ֮ʱس͸
ӣҽһҹҩǣסˡǷ̵֣Ļǣ˿ûи׼͵Ĵ㡣
ҲǣûᣬͣȻҲӡȺŵĵӣĻǲⲻõʱ򶪸߽ĳѾǶˡ̬Ⱥһ㣬һ㣬Щ֪䵭Ҫԭ򣬵ǷŲΪߺʹŵӵӡⷽ棬ҲôģС´Ҫ׵ҩǺɫŶñ˳Ц͸˵׼ôܰľٶˡ
µҩ̶ǣȱôҲ˱Ƶģ̹ϵ󣬸Ӱ쵽ŵ
Ҫȥûѩݡ
һҩſڣ
ҪȥҲûѩݡ
ҪȥǶûѩݡ
ҩǣǰһܿ죬ҲŲͽǵʵⲻұ˵Ŀ֮һЩǸϣǿһΧߡ
ѩݶ˵
ǣѩݽңұ֤ǵİȫ
棬Ҳ
쵰Ҫѩݣ֪ȥͳˡ
˵˭쵰أ˭֪ǲĸǿߵɹѩݵģʵѩ𣿾ѩݸԣǱ
˵쵰ôţҧң
ӣֳӲɵ㣬Ժչ
ҽ硣
ֺĳ棬Щʼ޷ˡ
·ѹ⣬ȫͷҲ⣬ɱҲûҪˡ
һͻȻ΢˫ۡ
ͻΧʱηչȥܿͻˡûԥֱ̧һŵɫĵҩ֮˫ӡֶıϡ

Ϻһ㶣׹ЩȵĿᰡףֶӦͻڼᰴͻơ
ͻƣ۷ǿߴԸæʵҲʧأܸ絹˵Ĵۡ¾粻ᵹ˵أҲʵˡ
һ£Ϻͷţ᰸ղųԵ鵤Ӧȹ̾ãҪȻֶɹͻˣľ練˵Ļʵ£òʧ
Ҫʱظ˵ʵϺãûϵֻҪ粻سںͺڣҲѡ
Ϻͷᰵͨ˫ƣԴԴϵĿӿֶ
ͻڼݲһ˿һиֶעȫ˴ᰵϳ档һУͻΧʱ֣Ҳ


461 ɹʶ
ȵھߣһĴ£볯ŵ﷢ҵĳײ
ͬһʱӿ룬Ȼһǣѷ죬治˸̣ͬʱ˾ֶǹɣڳĹУûжģвһӵһᰵȴΪֶĵﲢݣ붼ֶĵǿųʧȥƴֶȥһ㣬ֶҲ޷ƣһҪĵط׽ĹϵԷֿöԷ뾭СҪ뵤ȴз
ۿֶһ죬ȵһͨᰵ˫ƣͻľСٶֶ£һŵ﷢
һΡΡΡԴԴϵ£ڵѷ죬𽥼Ӵ
磬ڼ
ԵߺҩǶԣǸԾȥĽ飬ȷʵйôһɲǵͬܿ죬⽨ͱǺԥķˡ
ǲЩˣǴڵ棬ֻǳȥѣû̫ܵвȵ˽ˣȻôȥôȥֻʱ⣬һ죬죬ٻһ¡ʧ˵ȷʵСԶԶûдﵽҪȫҵȥĳ̶ȡ
֣Ǿ󲿷ֶЧҴ󺺹ߣٻߴŵӡҪȻǵͽĲȱŻṩ㹻ʣǶţҲǵǼԸܴ󺺹ϽߣٻǼӵܣЩЧҴ󺺹ǴŵӵߣǶ˵С
ڵȻˣҲⵥСֻ֣Ҫ棬ͬҲˣֵ߶ѼҵϡõϵҲԵ
˵ϵĴһȥɾ͵ͬҵˡۣԶȷѩݣڵϼ죬ǼʮҪöࡣ
ҩǣ͸̫ԥˡǱûѩݵ˼ȥǶûšƵûšеûŶѡǧ֣ĸ޿˵ȥ޿֮ѡ;޿֮ѡҲһѡҪҪǮ
ڶӶֻ֮ǰû̵ĻһԴ󿴲ЩӶѡǱϾڣҪʳ˵ʼиݣûУҲкʳϾû˿ڣǻãֻܹ̫ݣǸҪ̲̾Ѳ˵Ĺϵˡ÷ǲǱ˸Ǳ̸
ͳ޿ǰȥЩҩ̣ѡ̴һ졣ĻҲ˷ʱһʧѡ
ܿ죬˿һҪʳˡ
ʲôԼȥŪ̵Ļƣθѩݹĳڣûʲôɫû취һ죬̾͵ͣҵһ졣ӵʧΣϾǱŲȱӣο컹յǧŶǾ޿ƱΧˮйͨŶңиϣӣÿɲС
ҩǴϲ׼ӿȴڹ̨ͣ
Ժ⣬ͬΧˮйͨˡҪóóȻܹȥ˭֪Χ߻᲻дſڵΧôϾ̵ĻƶڵǶţһ¶Χǽдԡ
ҸһȥһĿ˳ĶӣҲЩˡ
ҩǲͷڿߵĴ£̨š
ٳһ̣佹ζ洦ţȻûǡɣͨߣףƵȺ壬ΨһҲֻиһǡ
ȻҩҲû̡ǵίУЩҩƽ̯ʮƱһΪʳ޷ѡһϽӵҲǸʵ൱ߣǵ̬Ȼ˲٣иڵñڷ䡣
Σֵǲ̹ˡΣ뵽Լ¶޵ĴЩ˵㲻ʲôЩζ
ˬ͵취ۿҩѾһ˳ͨ߸ʮƱϼȥŪЩˮʱһ
ţﶼ̵˱ܡţûѩݵĻ̻ΪЩƱ͵ͽġҪ
ⲻǵðԴҲ⡣
Զԣ˭˭Ͼѩݡǻ̵˰ǵĶҵжύǡ
µĽһҩ̺ɧ⣬ҲͶѣѾʾˣиǿߣ˼ڻúڽסԴ棬ôҲҪõöࡣһǿԳɹΧߵһѩݵϣˡҩǣҲܾҩģظԵĿͷơ
ʱҩǺǷֳһ𣬽ͷӶ
賽ЩˣȴϺֹ£ò䡣
ۣ
أֶһ˫Ȼ˸ŨŨѹ
ᰳ˿ڸϵ֮ǰɹֶͻƵˡ
ûκԥóһŻ鵤Ļָ
һߣҩ̺Ǻܿ˹ʶٲȻΪ˸ˡǴȥҩǽͷɹʶִ֮ߺҩȥֶͷֻ֪賽һ˸ǳȥ֮󣬵⣬˶Ժˡ
ΣǴѩûκ˵ϣϾţѩݵˣǲܻͬġֶһûȫӦһȥͬҲЩ˵ȥϾֶѩݻ̵ģûǵϡңԷŮ˺һԲ֪ݡʵʵǲܾŵģֶͬ鹲ͬ˵ĿԸ
£͸ŹŹ֡Ѳɣ˹װѩݵĴ̽ȥȻȥ취ͨкҩθŻ³
뵽ⷽȥ͵ô˵ֶ˿϶ģϾֻûȥ벻̽ȥˣô޷⣬ҲòѴ󲿷ֵעϡ
ֻҪ˰עŵֶϣ˳Ŷ뿪ΧȺк취ЩסȻ̽һθľϢĴߡָѩݾܲѴ֮䵽ԼС
һЩͬҲ뵽ǣҲʼǶǵǹƥûеͬǣ˺ֻܳ׼һ֡
˭Ҳûпڵƣ˭ţôµ˲ûУԲ̫࣬֡ңҪˣѩݵ˿϶Ҳ


462 
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ļƻΪؼҲʧܼĵطѾɹȹˡ
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ȻҲʵͷȴߣ뵽㣬ֶѩֻſֵ˼̫Ψ²ңͱҲûпܡ
ʱĿִڵ˸̵ĳϽͷûʲô⡣챻ΧţƶҳţϵԽãӱȵžžҲԽá԰ȥֶΪ
Ȼͷˣһ̵ЭдԼļҵһһóչʾ֤ɺ󣬰Ѷս䣬˵ʼ·
Ƭ̹򣬳˺˲ٵĿ֮⣬ԴҲ͹
Ƿ´̽Ĵ󵶣һת˸Ưĵ֮󣬿ѯʵ˭ҪԴģ
ҩ̻ߣԼͷĿУٻЩڡЧͣȻٺò߷ͷȥΪһţ˻᲻ŵƷȻҲԽԽ𾢡
ۿ̵ֶˣ˶˹ͷ賽ѣߵԡǰѹĶǼǺãȻԴ˹ȥ
ˢˢ£賽ǷཱུԴһɫƤ
ߣǳȥ߽󵶽̵Ļƣһӣʮķʩ
û˷ſһ˳ȥ
Ȼ󣬱ſڴתˡȻҩ̺Ƕжˣͬ鲻٣ڴﵽ޵ݵĳ̶ȡ
ȵ̵˿ʼһѶֶˣſڡΣò˽ʣؼʱ̣Ҫˡ
Ʒ棬ʱҪ˲ʱ䡣һЩ벻Ϸ飬һЩʺѩݵ봢䣬Ϊ˭ҲӦǰ飬ֻ֮ȥء
һֱ˰ʱԴߵĶȫɡٶȴͷǰԼĶȡأٰ·á
ȵ˶ԼŤͷɨΧߣѯʵǿԳȥ˰ɣ
ȫ㡣
֪԰Ѵ̽ȥȲĴߴ
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һɢȺ˽ȥܿ죬Ⱥ棬Ҳϸ΢ɧ
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վ£һɲС賽ѹȥʱ賽˹
ݵ֮賽ȺΧȥ棬ûгֱǿ߶סֶ޾ϰѵĲ£첽Ⱥֱβ浹ҵĵ̡
Ŀ賽뵽̵Уֶ̧˫ۣ˫ڰտ˼ԼҲơ
̷֪취ȥ֮⣬˵עڲòɵֶϡƣһסˣЩ޷ֶľٶ
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ʱǹƥǿ߳Դ񱼶ȥǿǣҲк½׷ȥ
Щ뵽̷ѩݴȥߺûκԥֱԴ
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ȫǰ£Ҳȷʵֻһգ۱˽βҵ̵ſڡ
ۼԭǿߣЩˣƴйͷֱֶ˲Ǻһ̽Ī򵤹棬ͷоЩԡ
λλǿԻȥˣѩڹ򵤹С˭Ҷ򵤹ڵ˳֣ΪС򵤹ĸ׽ƵĵУ߳һƣ׵ըͷۻ
飬緢ת߻ص档
ѩɸȻ⵽ֶ˵ӣͬҲһ򵤹ڵϾִŵĵȴֻ򵤹һҵõѩݣǲС硣вҲ˵Ӷѣѩݵˣ˼·ʷ֮⣬󲿷ǿ߶ǳפǵɢ¡ǻԺǼǹ磬Сײ鵽ǻˣ򲻿ܸҶ򵤹ڵĻ֡
˵콣δĻϴ콣ڡزʶ򵤹ڵĻǣȷ޷ᵽѩݵǰ£ָҲӦͷ
ôģƺƵΧߣҲòȴѩݣѾˡ
򵤹ס˼죬ȵ̫Ժ賽ΪϺѩ뿪ȻＯƱ߽غѩ֮ͷˡ
״ɣֶ賽ỨӴĴϺװɵ㶹ǰܼӳ˺档賽ֶһջƹ˾˵ʵͬ˺档
ҲףԷϣ϶ž˵ܣ׻϶ײʲôģܴѡ˳Ĭ򵤹һԲֻǹ˹ֱֵ
ѩӵֶ֣ᰣȴδؿջһ·ȫ٣˳ĳš


463 ɽׯ
ʮ⣬ֶͣ
ߵУһ޴ׯ԰ľʣΧһȦ
棬һ޼ʵĵ͵ĵ룬²ҡڣһȺȺѧӣҡͷԵʫʡ
Ŀ϶һСľ֪ͬƣսʿƬ˵ء
ľд𣬸Ҳûֶ̧ͷׯ԰ľϷҵңк᰾ֱ˽ȥ
ŵʯ·һ·ǰʱһռزǧƽ׵ĴլԺǰ
ǰԺδأҶµģţ
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үصѣɡֶ͵
Ҽүڣǡһ곤ļҶЩɣǧܹҸǰŴŵ꣬ôЩ˵ȥүѣ⻰Ҳһģ˭֪ǲƭӡ
ܲǽȥȣֶѯʵ
⡭ȥϹܲ˼ҽŵȡ곤ҶԸ
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ԥһ£ʵʵ˵˵үһڲҲûͷȥ˷ǮһһĴߡ
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˵һǮϳߵǣ˵סˣʮǮһ˫Ьӣʮ˫һĥ
˴һֶᰣеʷǷŮĸй˵ôҲСˡ
곤ļҶɽ͵ϹɽׯĶܼңׯ´ССΪ˿̱աЩҶûҪɽׯĹǮߣүʹܼҲ粻ˡ
ֶȻһ£εȻҪʮ죬ҸʮٹɣүԺ鷳кһ
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ڣȥҡ곤ļҶ͵ܼϲ֣ƽﶼׯһֻϲŻׯϵ£Ϲ˵㡣
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ӹ곤ҶݹĲˮݺݹ˼ڣͥ㻺ЦǺǵˣ£ׯյգƤɹһ㡣
ûԺһ𣿡ֶԸв죬λǴС͹ϵҶ޼ңֶ˵ͣѾֵˡ
ǵطȥͥεû취Ժֻׯ԰ҡ
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˵⻰ֶһ֪׼ȷʱ䡣˳ʹʹţͥӦû֪ܼҵƷҪȻϳȥˡ
ô˵Ҳˣͥûϰ䣬ѱбλܼƵһ졣
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ּǿջĸ߽׸ģкü֡
̸ףͥҡͷ¥һ£Եֲ٣лǿߡɳȥ˵ָ߽ģֲ԰ûеĵͽĶҲһ֡
αȥңͷϾмֶ֡赭д
УͥŲһ٣ϲؿֶ
мָ߽׸ģû취Ｏ⼸ʺϵĻÿҪֶ֡ͷ
ǡ
ͥٸɻȴֶҡͷϣµԺһ˵ɣ˵һΡׯ԰ͦģ˶ӣ
ͥ˵ͷЦԺ¥Ĺ£پӶƷðҵĻҪԼֻ֡Ҫӿ԰쵽飬дŵӣҪдȻ󽻸¥ˡ
⸣ֶ档
˵ģ
ٸƽףװ˵ݻҰ֮أȴһһĴڡŶҾߣǼֵƵƷ
Դŵ̫ʦϣŰѩƤƤͶѮͷӡ
λϣͥմ͵˫ŲڹŻɫĵ̺ϣüͷ


464 һʱ֮
ܼңôôͻˣ
һ£̻վϼЦݡܼͥңҪ˵ʲôĵطǾǰմཬĽŲڴ̺ˡ
̺ھֺźǲׯѡĶ̺һŲȥеԣ˽ŲɡϼԷͿͷЩ̺ͻһӡ
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Ǿɽׯǧټ취ϣȻΨ̺ûҪµģǳԭڣµģԼԵ̫ˡ
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û뵽һȣȻȵ޵ˡ


466 ū
Ȼɽׯĳӣʣ϶ҲûȤֶӣͥ߳Աģãһ
Уһֻޡ֮ͬڣǶ׻ޣԴһ㣬ֻ޶һƬƬֻճڹǼϡ⵶ȻҪһأСȳƣҲƵϲ
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Ҫ˵򸣿꣬겻Ը뿪Ҳ˵ȥţġټ򸣶ͼūūĸԸĿԡ
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Ϊūȴʮڰص츳вòµɡңƺǸţּǿջʨӺһɤӰеΣ̱ǹΪƵΪṦ޵иŲ©½޼ѰרְյУټϰרɱԷͷ졭֧һȥƾڵʵǧݺ޵УҪʵͻƵأܴﵽĳ̶ȣֻҪ۷ǿ߻߽󣬾Ƕڰ˾صĴţҲ硣
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467 
һڰص쵽غصҲӦҪǴﵽǿ۷ǿߵʵֶᰶֵ˻µʲô̶ȡ
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Ѱǿն˫ۣͬһ̶ˮ޲ȭ̧㳯ֶһ첲
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ǣүǡ߳Բǰ·
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ϡүôôͻˣ̴˸飬ֶָᰣµүܼΪӴ˽ѣϧɽׯѾõ⡣ų̶ѾԶԶʤүźţ̼Ȱ裬ܼҲҲգȻʹѶԳȭӡүַɳ
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Ǭʵ۵ʹʲôթ֪̽顣꣬ίУˮ֣һ꣬İնأҲɱٳѪɺӡһ̫үĳŵӵĸףŵ飬ȴԸ˳ȥ
ŵҲǸТӣ󼸴ɱĺ˼ɴ˱ţһδζֻǽѵһٱ㶪ȥû뵽󻼾ʹɣŵӱǱɱȴСүڣ˸͵˳ȥȻ󣬶ɽҰ
ٺץŵʱѾǼ֮ȥɽˣĻаӰӡɽµİգԻ·̡ô̽ҲǺĿԣֻбƤȫԵ
ѰСΪūΪвؾǿ̣Եֻһ˻ֶ͵ãҾȹʱ򣬻һ˿ǣʱһֱڰ˸˵죬ЧȻԣܹеô
ΪūˣҶлū˼ңĲΪˣ
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480 ޵е
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482 ²͸ı
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ûļҾ¥ͼʲô飬ٻߣȺ˸ĸйϵֶҡͷ˵α겻αὫּǿջľءҪôּǿջᵱС
ӵҲˣвϲʳģЩ¥ٶеϵȥϵеһûСεǰҲǳŹ֣⻨ؽ˸Եļӵܹȥۣûһʶģ˵ĸģ˼Ա֤˸ͲǾǵһɡ
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Ҫ˵ɽҲǺһڻȨ֮һֵֻ̫СҰһˣ᳤ֻ˴󺺹ҲԴһһֻ۱һֻ۰ˡ
ʵ̾ھǸɽկɽͷĿ˲ҲֻһصʵּǿջʵһɽկȻʲô£ǰǣ֪ɽկ׽ʲô֡
Ȼɱ˼ɽˣȻɽˡּǿջƫƫӵĵطϵٹ塢ŵӣµ䣬ּǿջԷ飬ܼܲһ˽žץһ
Ҫ֮ɽ˻롣
ʣ֪ɽǵǽ󻼵ĹؼڡֶЩǰĺߵɽ˻ʲôˣǵݣǹؼеĹؼ
ֶԴЩκɽ˸֮ͽ֮ǰ϶ѾõйܵǶץˣҲһܱʳҪĴ𰸡
ԥֶǿڵһǬʵۣܲܰæ
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Ļʹǰɽ˵Ļǵݣʱڲֶɫ
Ҫھȥʣѯʵ
ֶҡͷҹܹȥ˳ҪͬˣԸֹ飬ױµйϵҪǲͬ⡭ȥҲǰȥ
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һҹʱѾˣ쿴ǵֶ취ӦԡֶΣ£Ԥ֪ˣȴҲ޴ֵĸоⷽ棬ҲֻбˮڣԷʲôֶΣ챻ĵֵֻв鵽ǰ˵ʵݣзĿܣ򣬾ֻһֱĵȥ
˴𸴣뿪ֶ뿪ԭ򣬲ѯʵƹڵôˣ
㲻˵Ҷ˽ڵѾáֶҲˣԸ㰲ŵ֣һȥڣһȥＯֿóġ鵤ޡʱ䣬ڵϢܴҲ˵ͿԿš
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УҰȥƣƹûʲôԸĻȻȥˣʵ
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ȵ뿪ֶ˼䣬Ҳſڷ֡
ȵ᰻طֶȴδȥԺʯ£Դﲻϻ֮ǰڴշʽϵΡʮһŵĳǣȻ߹ȫԾսȴʵʵ浶ǹʱȱʵսֶԣȴġ
һһ飬ѵʱβԺֶ˼صʵƽں鼼İ취һһĸĽ
ãֶվغھأȷʵ޷ֲĲ࣬ϺȫԾƾصʵĲڶ̶̼ܣ룬ϰʱ⡣
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ڿ˼ּͬǿջͨٷٻߵſŪڿջ޷ģµĶЩȫα겻α޷ֹԷһٶôĻĵ˲ͼӻͼּǿջļɫ¶Բ̽ԷʵݵֻҪ鵽Էݣǻ׹ݣֶҲоԵĿöԷԲ˶ߡɲ鵽Էݵʱּǿջȴ޷ġ
Ҫȵģǲ鵽Էݵʱ䡣Խ鵽ּǿջʧܽԽͣҪʧκβҲ޷ֲʧּǿջڵĹģѾǽڿջӲʵĶˡ
Ȼƾֶôʾ֭ӦԴʩ뵽࣬ôҲ벻ʲôԻΪİ취˼ȥǵòǰ˵ݲС
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һĴţһżһơŰĿΣһģһڣһŰϵİ̺ۣһޡ
¾ɳ̶ȣҲԷֱ档
ǼǵּǿջұǼּǿջֶɣԼҲ޷ֱһҲּǿջ
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495 ǰϵ
ߵһĨɫʱƣϵķŴţڽӡȾһƬǽǺɫĹ֮̽СԴ
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ʱһͣҿջ֮һ֤ҿջƳ̶ȡǳʴӣ֪׸ýͣһңƿһӣҲ޷Ӧָʾ
ӵԺЩ̣ѯʵƹҪҺͼſڣʳ͹ٶʶеһ
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ּǿջ˾ڸּǿջȥ£ļҲȷʵ׵ѡҪȻ˫˳ͻô죿
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ʳֳһּǿջŤͷֶּǿջԥһ£ıߡȻǵ飬֪Ա߾ϵּǿջҲԸٽȥˡ
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ϰ壬ϰ壬ûˣõûʱɣ
˼ӽֵӭ϶ЩȣЩŭ飬ҲΪЦݺͻ˲١һ˳˹֣εǼ̸飬ôּǿջûˣһۡû뵽Ȼ߽һҡ˵£ּǿջˣûѿ˷˰ɣҪſڼ㣬ôߴ·
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ǾƲ˰ͳ⣬ɳ㣬Ģÿ̲ﶼµĶƸ˵ʲôҺζҹƾˮһ˽ŵ磬鱾ģЩһðƸһţģҪôһ䰮ԲҪôһ᲻Ӿ͹ӵ־ƲˣӣҲÿһۡ
ǣĲ򻢲˵ƴ֣ȴҲҲ۵ˡҪûҶҼּǿջˡ
˶ͬеĵͷȻֻǳųӡһּǿջĻƣֻǰʱһʯǹ͡
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ԶԶģֶüͷ塣һּǿջֶΣȻõԤڡһּǿջֶκǲõӵʳڮּǿջ˭ּǿջһּǿջӰ϶ǻĨȥ
һʳͣķһܵӰǿˣܲܳһһӻС£ѱἤһּǿջϸݵֶΡ
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ܿ죬˱ȺڶȻǳԵʲôԵĶ
λƹȻǼλʳԣһţҪôôҪôǳԷûˣٻթּǿջһˣǲ֪óȭͷСʯ飬ã֤һʯķӲ֮󣬵ֽɷĩ
˵ȺŻµıδ󺺸ղŻЩƵģڣɷˡ飬Ƶ˲òӴһӵԹ뿪
⡭
ֶһڣкĻƱЦǺǵ͹֪ˣȻŶӻҡҲǵһεּǿջּǿջľƲûɳӲӬӦˣ˾ǻңٻǱľ¥ۺɹ¡͹ҪǲţȲˡǻƵ̬ȣϣûŵ͹ٲźãҲȲѣҪݣԺҲˡ
ֶͷǰϵۣ˺ԩͷˡƫƫǼʳͣûط٣˼ҵĲǻʵͯ۵ģֻ˵϶ѣܸܲ˼ҾƲ˲óԡҵ꣬˼һܰʯɷĩ֮󣬱׼ðѴ̧ȥҴ


496 ĺ
ڵ˼ˣȵ뿪ֶ֮˼С
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ĲһȫŶٲͬϣЩϣûֶһۿǵݡһҧȥȴܿԲ֮ͬȻϸһȻǾĪ
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ԣƹ񡣡ֶͷϴЦݣУҲޱȡȻԹּǿջҲҲ취ôֻСһ£ܲʲôˡ
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Ǿÿֵǣ˼ҾȻҪȥԺֱڴ£ѹò취ȥԺ
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ƹˡƸһ䡣
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һҿջȻ뵽Ц
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ҪҪɱ裬թңҲң£Ҽˡ
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һԾֶصԼҵĺԺ
һˣûҵİ취ѶȡΨһԿ϶ǣȺɽɣݵɽˡǿбƳݣûгɹĿԡ
ôһȺ޷һ˵ɽˣ˵ӦֶҲÿǿǻ᲻ѶԷŭӶΪֶΡ
˵ֶøлĻʹδⱻ׷飬ҲھӰҪȻҪһʼóҺֶΣȥ̽Էݵʱ䶼ûС


497 ɽ˵
򲻵ãС㣬öԷôֶΡ
Σֶǵһ
ӺԺشãһ·ϣֶڿôʱڲ鵽ɽ˺Ļʹݣ˼ǰȴͷͣ޲ػظڵּǿջһưǰɽ˶ˡ
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ֶҽţͣǱһֵԴһĨ˲١
ھǣûʶɽˣɽ˼۵ĵطȴ϶вʶЩɽ˵ɽˡ
ȥץЩʶɽ˹ˣЩҲɽˣϣѶͬС˻ģֶߣʶǰ˵ĿԷǳӣɽˣѹͲ֪ʲôףӣ뵽ֵö
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ֶԴɿתò׶һУôʧȥˡ
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ڶϸСĲƬһεʺҺ壬ɽ˿ٵķתɽ˵ͬ˲䱬ɫֻ֣ȴѤ̻
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̱һ󵶲УƽץСͷĿʧȥ֪ҽţȻһק
СͷĿܿƵĳų̱ȥ
˫ȻץСͷĿԴ̱һЦͷԼԴײ˹ȥ
顭
һƣܾѹڶͷ뱬
ģ׵ģɽ˳̱һմǰ˫ȡ
ַſָ͵һ̱˫ָû뵽СͷĿۿ
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501 һƵ
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һĴڵͳ̱Դ֮𣬽Ҳһޡ𵶻εĲУ̱ƾ彫ڶСͷĿץסüỴ̄Դﵽֶĳ̶ҲĿõĺֶΣԷԴһ̲ࡣ
СͷĿ͵СͷĿЩ𣬲Ǳױͷ屻ͽ˺顣һ̣̱һͷѪζҰޡ
ת˲ˣֶβпΣԶԶսɽǣ˷СǲϽкţƴţѪҺڷڣȼաĴԣЩɽЩ󵶳Դկɽˡ
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ˣ뱩̱ԣ˲γһֱֱߡ
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ԶΧ۵ɽǣǳˡһĻⱲӼˬʹ졢һĻ
կկڳƽɽɽ֮ҲӵмЩɽˣԸܰկѹͷĴɽΪ󺺹պɽˡ
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һɻӽկͰǼɹ߹ĵطկ֤ʥء
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éӣɻ춼ˣֵǣ̧͹Ӧðը˳Խȥɴࡣ
Ǻܲ졣ЩɽˣƽկſԹɻץ֪ڽӣȻҡźѾ˿ʼкԸ߽һ
կɽǣּܹ磬ҫ˲ʱֳһ۶ɱΧɽˡһ໽ţŴ󵶣ֶһͼֶն࣬ɻӪȳ
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Сԭ֮Уֻѹ󣬳ǳǿ֡һԳ̱˵ʵԻһɽկϡҲ԰կɽǵһĶ󣬿ó̱˵ϸ졣ֶҲԸȾ̫ѪЩɽ˶ﲻ⣬ǣʼջˣֳֶе
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һҿջѣôܵһݺɽ˽ĴɽկկʮԾɳΪɽ֮һЦɻɣʲôɽկ˵С࣬һģ϶կݺկĳҿջȻɵű˼ҸկСʻ괬ǧΪڶ׳կ
룬ɻľͬèצڲͣץӣоȫ黹ܡ
ң㵽˭ɻʵܲеץӣʵ
ּǿջƹֶֶһɻڵأͣĳ鴤
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ˣɻŭ
ֶÿɷѹûȤɻλɽͷҪּǿջǣʵɻûʸ˷Ѽʱܵ
οɻĵͶԵֶҲĻʹг


502 Ʒ
ԣҪˣòΪһҿջѰһҴɽկ˵ֻ׾ٵ顣ԣҲŻǲܴ󺺹ԼˣҪȻûɱôˡ
ֶûȤ죬ɻȴͬԴһŽ鶼ŪףЩֹϵկ
ͿǣһɱǧɽˣֶΣկһ򾡡ʵ벻ͨԷķˣٻŵˣͲͨ
ʵɻ©һ㣬ֶǴ󺺹ԸɷԼڲǿߡ
ڲǿߣɱ˷棬Ȳܴ󺺹ɷԼ˺ŸϡȻɱȨȨҲ٣粻³򲻵ɱ޹һ겻óʮǿһ겻óٸ֮ͬڣĶУԼ˺ŵӣҰɽˡ
Ǽڲˣڴ󺺹ͬһȺ塣Ըܴ󺺹ԼԸڴ󺺹ΣʱٻƽʱȴЧҴ󺺹˵Ǽڲˣڰˣƽ޷ˡټڶ࣬ʵףΪסЩˣ󺺹Щ˵ʵͬÿ¶ַѲͬٺ»ΪˣҲ涨ÿ궼⣬뾡µǼǣ򽫱ƭȡٺ»⵽׷
Ϊڴ󺺹ȷʵ⵽شΣʱ򲻻ԹۣҲڲǵθУҪһǣǸ˻̶Ϊˣɱ˷Ҳһ޶ȵķſ类ɱ󱾾ߣеĴСʮٸɱһɱ߱ôնģɱС
׼ɽˣȻôն档
˵ֶǼկΥĹءȻһɱôˣܳʲôԭҲᱻѪɱҪҹ˶ŵĶСֻҪһղΥע߶µĹأһղ׷
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ѰУһѰѵķڲϼ٣ֶԷֱٶȣһֱߣЩǰŵСͷĿʹͷĿ̴
һڣʵȵɽ˽ˡЩɽˣʵҲڶء
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һֱţֶʼƽϸӶԼͬһѱֱľֶΪģٵתţ֮ˮ©ûһ˿һܹǵɨΧ֮ڡ
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һصصǿߣһŽǾŽ鼼ټศɣÿ˴˼ƿ鵤֮ҲԶ˵ۼӵܺ͡ʹկɽ˶ǧڲӣҲڶأλҸǿ֮ǰݺذɡ
οΧɽҲûţʹˮ£ǵǿҶԷѹͷϵĶɽկȻʹÿ˶ɱһ񫡣
һɱֶһаɻ²֮Ѿע
ǧּǿջļƷǣһֺ㱬˷ֶԤڵû֮´ֶصǣҲ⡣ʨӺ𣬳̱Ŀֲ͹Ѱ޼Ѱİƿ쵽˲ǧٵ٣ݣ±仯޾Ľֻ֮Ҫ˵ʵûиߵɱǵĳ̶ȣȷǡܱ֤㹻Ļ鵤ԺֶƵڰǿһսһܽԷľʤϡ
յ̫ƺ޷ǳѪȣʼ治ƶգ˵ƽߡ
ɱ¾ƽϢ谵СԭϣŴ̱ǵѪȣУɼǱһƬĲݵأմȾİɫѪҺλãǱɫȫǣУҲκε⡣
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Ѱһ廨ɳСԭϵսʽ˶ݵĽ
ֶûж̱Ǿ͵Ľ붨״̬ţֶڣκ˵УҲǰȫġ
ʱ䣬ڱļžšСԭΧɢɢʬԣѾʼɽͲסįϢ뿪ÿһʱ޲ĬĬɨһСԭ룬ĿУŷ뾴η
һͰϵʱ䣬ˣɱ˰կλңԼ½ǧԮǧɽˡ
սǲˮֵǧն
û˻ỳɣӵƽɽɽ˵û˻ỳɣʼûгֵֶǱκɽ˶Ҫ׺ݵɱ񡣷ĻǧնĸԸĳ䵱ʼһܻɻֶΣҲǸС֤ݡ
賿ʱ֣ڳʱ֮ڴСԭһٶɱǧɽˡЩˣɶկפٷ򣬻ִʲôɽˡ
֣Ȼûж̱˳֣˵ǧ˰ٸɽˣټʮҲһɶͬĵطֻ˶໨ʱͶһЩ٣ʱҲ˴١
𣬵ڶկõϢɽɱ˹ϧֻٳͷ濴ֵɽǺԥĽ嵽̱ǰģΨмͷĿСͷĿ
ûǿʣ̱һɣѰķûǼر㽫һķǵ൱С
һСģĳ棬ôʧܡ
ٺ棬Χ۵ɽԽɢԽ٣Ҳɽյĵֿ꣬СǰɱץΪҪοկˣƽɽĴɽկضկĵλע÷һģĻƴСɽկҲӱȥˣûȥúóﻮﻮ̵ܲô
Χ۵ɽˣѶկɽҲͬһαһ٣òų̱֣㱻Χɽ˸һһɱżܽΪҪֶ׽飬źþƺǰɽˣ̱һն֮󣬾һɽ˿


503 ߳
ֶվСԭΧɽѾʣࡣЩˣѾǴſֵ˼ǻǸֶ֪˵ݡ
ݣȻû˻ǡֶ˵ٶȣҲܹϡ
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ֶƣ̱˶վƸһδĺֶѾԳ̱Ͷأۼⳡɱ¾˷ܣûгɱ˵ĳ̱ѷһ
ˣֶ˻֣ʱ䣬Ѿ㹻կɢطɽ˵õϢϹˡżһЩûеõϢ©֮㣬ҲᳬٸЩˣ뵽ǿߵĿѾ΢΢ȻѾûҪ򣬾ǳ̱ҲȫԻȥͶ뵽ǼƷҵС
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կɽˣǲδɱնɻ֮⣬жʮСආЩСආֶԸ̱ǾϸѡġȵǳɱںɽˣʵֻصɽˣȻ󻹵йԥǲܵɽˡ
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̱˳žǷ̼䳬ԽפصɽˣʧϦ¡ֿտյֶɨɢɽǣ˲ʧûһ˿ԿʧĹ켣
СԭϣʱֻһȺɽ˷󾪺벻ͣѰֶ
ȳ̱һصջֶǰǰԺÿķš
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Уȥ졣𼱻ǸԺ
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ĸɻֶѯʵ
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ٵȵȣˣΪǱƵõյģܾĻʹĻʹҳڿջſڹҿ·ƣȸּǿջһ첻һ֮ٹرաֶЦȻǰûŵ˵ջġ
ҲˣãǰӦ֮ǰ˻ŵŲŶԡֻҪҵĻʹǰᣬǰ϶顣
ˡֶԴڵ㣬ǵø˵һϢųȥ֮ǰȰЩɽ˵лʲôȫ
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УͿšֶѵҪȥֵĻǵøͷٹȥ
صͷիţ˶ʵǿߣִֶ֣˵ҲŰܹȥһա


504 իĵһ
֣һ˳ܼһץһ߻Ǵҩ̡
βһ¿ĵ̣ܿ˲ߺҩ̡
ͷܶ滹ڲϳӿ棬Ҳ١
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һģ˺Ĵ󷢣𣬶뿴С϶֦ıǶ١
Сˣʧˣѹûд֦ļǮĶӣ鵤ģޣ󡭡һ۵ĶȽߵף͵ֻһס
ͬСһСӣȴ˼Ҷö࣬ɣÿ͵඼ȱ١Ϊˣٴҩڷûʲô֮󣬱¼˵̡ΨЩ֪ի᲻Ὣ֦ó۵ǲڿС֮ɶڵ̵С
һʱó棬ȴһҲûɡԴˣڹֶ̨˿û⡣իּǿջĺûܲɷֵĹϵ
Ȼĺûָǵ⡣Ҫģի֦ϢȥȻܹѰ󽻻
̵⣬ֻҪ֤̫ˡ
Ҫ̵Ҳ𣬶ֶԣʵѡЩֺܿҩûիԭֻΪ۸̱ûʲôŻݣƷҲȫի˵㣬ֵȥĵֱ̣һҵһελֶͷϣʵȱƷ֣Żںڶĺ飬ҶеţϵλòͬҵĵͽƷ֣һҴ˵ֻ߲͡
ͽ޷棬ּǿջڹŻڵֲֳ԰ЩѾ߹ģȻ󲿷ֶṩּǿջʳĵģٶЩҩüֵȵͽ޵ĻȴҲ˶١߽ޣּǿջС԰ȦǳɱƷ֣԰ѴŸ˦ʮ֡
˵ի뾭Ӫѣ׬Ǯ͸ˡȻ߽׸˻һЩŵע⣬ӶС鷳͵ĸ߽ģּǿջͬǣҰָ߽ĵۼּۣǿջͬǮȥĻԴﵽǧ
֮ûôһֶڲȱӣի̫ɽ¶ˮˣΪбĽҪ
⽻ףȻǺ͸Žޡ
һһ֣Ǽһһ֣ԼҪģдӸŽĶĸ߽ġ߽󡢸߽ޡֶжٴţͻ̲ס١
Ҫǳɹһ飬ּǿջǷˡҪǸʮһҿó߽׸ĵӻ֦⣬ּǿջĸģߣܹǿˡټȨ¥¥ĸ߽׸ģھصǿߡԺЩ츳ڵĺͯ۷ǿ߶⡣
ֶĿеĴΪˣӺͷȫԿվһжԺ͸ŰｻΪѸ߽׸İڳｻ׵ĺôǲҪһǸŵõ߽׸ģ˭ҲĴȥ֮⣬Ҳûκܹ̽ŵڲϢһֻҪիƽƽֳʲôţע⵽իÿԵɺϣϢʱз״Ȼ˳Ͽʼעի
ȵ֤ʵеĸ߽׸ĶǴիȥիڵ꾡ʵʱּǿջѾӵгǧھǿߡʱҲκβˡ
ֶǲװһɣ¥Ľȣһ޵ͼ֡
ֶ̧ͷһһѮߡ
ֶ΢죬׵ѯ֪ܲܽһ˵
ֶӿԷ֣΢һ̽ڰء
УһĨ׾Ц⡣ʵܷϴפ̸˵ݡһˣˡ
룡ֶ֡
ߴֶ̨һ·Ժ
ּǿջǰԺһիĺԺҲʯʯʣֶʯԣ¶ͷæճ°ϵĳ룬ѯʵᣬ֪ʲôѯ
빰ֵǲԶ޵ϰ壬ðţ֣֦Ǵۣ
ֶͷ
֪ܹó֦׷ʵ
ȥھӢǵöȣһֻ׵Ķࡣֶ
жһĨʧ֦һӢһ硣
ȻСҲ⣬һ£ڵʮӣܲܿ޵ꣿ
ֶҡͷһǸիտţҪ֦
ǡ֪ϻϣ֮ǰʧף֦࣬벢δʧתġ
ֲϡֶһһǣߡ
뾫һæѯʵ֪û߽ݡ߽Ѫ߹˽ǧҶŽģ
ûСֶҡͷ
ǳʧˣ֦ҵ̱ţûκһԼҪĲϡƫƫ֦һҲףóġ
ǣֶȻΪѯʵ֪긨ڵٻߣ׽ţ˽Ѫ䣿
׽ţ˽Ѫ䡭ҡͷ
ô˵иڵֶˣ̬ȣ˾ͱиڵ׽ţ˽Ѫ䣬˵ֻǴոģöԷԼôްҲûСңҲ϶˶ԷŸͲУΪޣǼѱ
һ£ҲûʲôģͷеУ˽ˮڵмţ
ֶϲիһȻԿͷ
ԴӴֿԺֶǺúᰱһֶаġޡ󣬼㱨һ֣ܰѸġ޻ø
˽ˮ޵ڵֶļȷʵڸڵҩЧΪˮڵ޴ȻǺǿһһصǿڶĩڡãҲܼɵʱ䡣
Ҫ£ʵԻӵʵвСİǻӣƽʵС硣


505 ǳɹ
֣֪жˮޣ
ֶ˵ߴƶ̨óһСľС
ˮ뱳ŵĻ֮һܹж٣ǲ˵ġԭҲһ£ֶóСľ֮󣬱ѵĻʻ˶ȥ
ûʸλгϣʶҲľеĲʣһְ˽ĴɣǿԱִŵĲ׻ӷҩЧ
ľоͲˣĶ϶ҲǷǷοûеƾ̣ԷҲῪЩð⡣
룬뱨Ƚϴֵûȥ鿴ˣʮͷɣ
ֶȻеİգ˼֡
һԲֶľд򿪣棬װӤȭͷСĹӣһ޶һɫһɫ

ȻվдŨŨ𺳣Ƕ㲻һ۾֤ʵһԼǲǿۡ
벻Ҳʶֶٸ⣬ȥҶͷʱ򣬶ͷ˵ϡУܶŵĹżжһмء
ڹżϼһΡĿתĶлЩ޷ԼʵȾŽ׸ڣҲõϼӿأ벻ô˳
ֱαֶѯʵ
ɲֶĺˬ̬ȣòʲôı
ǿȾŽ׸¶ǣһصǿһ硣Ͳ±˳û봢зϣ
³벻òСĽֻûֹڲüٶթģȴѱԼΪһˡ
ַģġֶӿ˲𣬱һץס󡣶һȵͻ֣ľӿȥ
뺧Ȼ֣ƾôֵͬɽ鱩һ㣬Ƶ޵ֿһ·صա
գۼ䣬оȵռݡֻıһ·򣬾ضѡ
ֶЦЦſƣ֮˻ء
ط˰ɣ
뾪δش˼ټһ龭ûκεطιæ֣أĳ飬ּ¡
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ǾȥСǰ֮ǰڵȻֶ̽ʵȴδ̫ϣϾֻҪԷǿ֮УܹﵽЧˡ
ի¿ţ߽׸ҪһĩλϹ֮е顣
ͻڰߵ֣˲ԷľȫռݣԲһһصǿ߾ġҪ֪ܹɿֲĵطһеȫӿ뾭ܹҲֻռһС־ѡҪȫǧ򱶵ܹ
Ҷԣǰλ֣ʵҲء
һصǿߣڴţҲǰĳϡɹڲҲ±ͿˣΪûܹᡣ
̧ӵӿɫӵУ΢΢һӦ̧֮ɫĹϣӿ˼ʱ
ѾԶԣû
֣֪Ҫˮڵһǰĳǰ벻֮ǰǰ⣬ЩнҪǻŵĳϣ˵һ
֣իʵųתͣѱޣ󡭡˵ʵǵ̶һ㣬ǵĶ֪ˣϧ޷ͣЩײࡣֶЦ
ֵ˼ǣҪޣѯʵ
ֶͷ
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ֹҪһһǾԲԥġһͷȫѱ˵ˮޣֵǲܸ߹һҪһһȻ϶ǣӵѱĲϽȥҲȫ
ԷȻԼѱҲôϡ
˵ֵԵȣǼֵԵȣҲţˮȷʵжʮֻǧץֳģһֻ˵͵ĳҲȨ
ֶƶ̨ٶóһľУиһ򿪣벻ɵ澹
Ѿիļˣֻȥǿǡֶҵǣˮޣ˭Կ
뻺ͷֵ֣ͻȥǣֻ֪ի೤ʱ䣿
¹ֶѯʵ
ˣͻȥ֣ǡصͷҹ̣һ¾ܻŻرͼλͬ⣬ôڲף㲻ԹҲٲúͼλԻˮޡֱץ·µʱ䣬㹻ˡ
ߣˡԶֶ͡
żһ㣬ֱӷ޵ķ
Ŀ뿪ֶ˿ϣ˷֮ɫƵ
һó棬ԭȻΪ뱳ӵˮְ˽ޣҲ١
ȻԷֻԸһֶֻҲԥĴӦּǿջȦ˿ģκʺϵĻ֮⣬мáһŽȦٸˮ޿ٰʮӳɣڻˮվһ죬ڻˮվһꡣ
ٰʮͰٰʮ꣬׺ޣڿʯͷ¶һĸˣ˵ˡ
ʱ۵ģȥһֻĸĻǴƵģȥˮޣŶٻ㹻ˮޣֻʱҪѡ
ֶ˷ܵǣּǿջĵһ˴Ѿǳɹţ뱳ţǲܾʽ׵ġѾһڰصǿھˡ
κһţڲ˸ǰ£޷ܾڶһھǿߵջ
׳ɹˮȦֳʱ䣬дֶ꣬ԼͿԽˮڵˡ
˳ϻص̨⻹ɽ˺˽˳ҩԽԽ٣һʱ֪֦ʱԽԽࡣ
ͬͷǰѯʵʦ壬̸ôˣ
ǳɹֶȻ
Ұ촽ĸ֣Ѿ²⵽ּǿջһֲֳܹмĸ߽Ļˡ
ֶ̫ʦǰȵȥ˫΢գ˼
һֱ磬ֶʾ£һƲʾ磬ʽ֦оۡ
ʾһɽ˺ζʱӿˡ
ʱ֣իһأó˱һŵһ죬ټĵ̺ӿֻ⣬ܹҲǧӡ
һǧӵӪҵκθǣҵľްˡһҴŶԣȴԺԲơʣիһ쿪ţΪ̵̫Ʒȴ࣬ôɹ
Ȼǵ⡣ڲףһȴֹʣȻһЩġ鵤ڵ޷γֲֳһδɽˮޣֶ;իŵĵһԳƵϲԴˡ͵ڵ⣬Ƶϱ졣


506 춯صϢ
իŵİºһǵϢȻը
ΪףΣڣի£͸µѾ
¥Ǭʵ֮һһͳΪĹע㡣ټȻŮڶ࣬۰ĳ̶ȲЩֻһŮ˲ͻȻĳΣ־˵ϢȻͶֵ̽ԭίֻ֪ԭίźö֢ҩ׼ĲƷĲƷθĲƷ
ѲλܼõϢ֮⡣ǵʲôزǱ˴ɱˡ
ɱԭֻΪһЩڽǣɱˣþ֪͸ŵøεѡ
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ɽ˵ߺŵ㣬һЩײھǵɽ˳Աûǹ䣬ЩϡŹֵ飬ҪȫҲ̫ܡɽǴˣҪ׷֪͸죬˭Ҳͷصˡֲǲְأӽ£Ƕھǲ鵽ɽˣҲδ£ֻܹá
Ǿ벻ףôͱɽ˸ˡ׹ݣɶŵĻбġ˵ʲôɽˣŵҲһκεЩҪǣ˵ֻ׹ݣЩйٽˣֻҪݣûвϴ̼ɽǺӣʤȯҲߡ
Ҫ֪ɽȻųɾŵ˶Ǻη³ÿαضһĶϷǾԲΪ˳һɽկ⵽𡣶ɽ˶ԣͬ㲻ʲôկûйڲֵеĹأͷһ컹ޱȵһԣڶͻΪڽǰѶԷ飬ǲԼկһϴűЩ֮ͽկҡͷĿ˱Ǹĺʵǿ֮⣬Ǿı¡ܾĺʵǿ޷ɽ˾ˣԶҲܳΪͷĿ
ʵڹҲסɽ˱ͷԣ򲻿ܸɳɱ顣ɱ٣Ǵ󺺹Ĵɣټûв鲻İӣһɱ¼˵ɼǿ߾ɽկˣǴţҲɣһгɽˣһ㶼ļˡǱȽɵŵӣжԺѰ
֪͸ôҲ벻ͨû˿ڽ£ݲóһƾ֤ܿ԰ɣϢҲûмٵĵܲڹݺǡ
ǹݺǣҲֻˣݺ˵Ǹָ֮⣬ü顣Ƶˣǧĸø˶ꣿȻʲôҲСǧˡ
ڣѾûˣҲѾԴ˰ɽѶ˳ֻҪݺûһ
ܿ죬֪͸׷ȥЩܸ˵ϵĻæ˵顣Щǰ˵ˣ޲ǸĴУţóûȥһ׽׽˵λ֮йصϢûŵģҲȥ˭ϼ䣬ָ⼸仰УĪ
һʱ䣬ָ˵ļƷҩһһˡ
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ңשͷܲСпҳ塣
ɽԭǸصĺˣ͢ȥɽɽˣЩǣ缯ЩΪԸյ˸ʳ֮⡣ˣҲǱҵķߡ󺺹ѡĹȻϽ󲿷ֶǾôѰյ£Ҳ췴Ҳѱּӹ֮ɽ˼ٶϾǸ׵ϵûЩ˲췴˳ܵİǷʲô˻ġ
󺺹ǧ겻ĹαǰѸغȥɽ˵ߣѡĸֹ
ҪϾɽ˸׵ϵ˰ЩɽɽɣһȺǸһȺദвĥԣϼݾӶ׵˲ҽӴκɽ֮⣬ˡ
Ǹɽ˹ģһٴҾһɱΪū
ҪСͷĿûκνǸ¥ϰһ㣬Ϊ˲Ϊһôඥ޸𾩳ǶȻڱɱŹƤ֮ࡢؽ𴦷ϱСҲܱ˶ȴٲ˵ġңɽǵ
ǳĹ˽ɶϥµĿҲǳĳ谮ݳ谮˽ǬʵţҲɡҪ֪ͬǳĲǾ죬ӲĻģûκλ·
֪͸æˣе֪ȻŭȴûдǨŭǣæҺٸ͵ʲôʱǸ󶥼¥ϰҲæµ
ǵĹϵ֪λӽµĸĸٻ磬Բ죬ңǻõóЩֵߵ
ܿڶҩȳ
¥ϰ̫棬ֹ͸󶥼¥ϰ弸ûʲô졣õϢ֮һʱּǿջһĹһƱȻ˴ҩ̣ҩһֱ֮ĸۡ
¥Ĵɽǻ顣̫Ըÿ꽫ӯóϵһ˾һӯǸʱ׼ġ
̬Ҳû̫ʧװһҩĺһ׵Ʊ֮󣬵ҩȥ
鸮˰죬ڻϢ̫ãûиκȷĴ𸴡ҲζţһСͷĿбƲļҶ¥ɽˣпܻж¥֡
ʣڹ˽ͳ谮棬ƫںߣκζ¥ԣʲôϢ
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˿̣̫ź¥ϰԵĲ֮ͬǰԹޡ˿ġɽˣԽ׽ˣԽױΪ˹ɽ˻ǣҾͼҶѾ֮⣬ҷɽ˵ˣͬо޶ǼҾҶѾ˾޶֮⣬ǣ
ɽйϸ޶ҲýǷҪöԷ֪
һ˹鷿ûôˣ̫ϣŨŨİպҡ


507 
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կկɻʱǸ¶ʱ̫ҲֻǸռ̳о¥¥ҲֻǼϲ̨С¥Ŷص۹̫淢ɻʱŲͬڳ˵ĺ֮󣬱¥ѲƵĴҳϺʵԭǴһԺ鷳ɱ֣û뵽ɻѷԽԽܲԼʹ󺺹ټϿЩֻ֪Ż˺ºֵС죬ʮҪȥƽɽѾõɽС
̫֪ǿãԸһǧӣһɻ飬ԺͶ·ΣɻûҲܶһ·
û뵽ǹʮ꣬ɻһǧƱ˹ÿ궼ˣһһ࣬ɻ̳կկ֮λԺӵ˸ĳ˸ͷĿҲӼǧһԾ˼ÿ궼о޷ӡ
կ𣬲ּǿջļƻҲڶһÿʮӵĲ·
ңΪɻĿеõ˶ɽ磬ɻÿɸͷĿҹӣǲǣ¥йϵ飬ǾԲһСආСͷĿ֪Ŀ϶ҲࡣֻҪܳΪկСͷĿݾһɽܹģЩ˶Ա˺ݣԼͬݣ޷
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̫ȴ֪дտģʵ޷κ飬Ϊ˱֤ʵܸõִ£ȴһʵ۲̽κĹءҲ˵ʵ˭ʲô飬󶼻հ졣ֶûͨǬʵĻʹֻΪʱ̫ˡ
̫ǣȫȫǳ֣֣һġΪ鷿û֪飬ȴ֪Դ̵ϢԺÿ¥ϰΧְ߹עЩ˵һһ˿̣鷿ݶſһصߣ̫̽һһ
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ﲻֶЦŽŹϣǰԺ
Ժ̫겻ĺŲ裬ȫȻûע⵽ֶ˵ĵ
ϰ壬ݹʧԶӭˡֶߵ֮ˣ̫滹ûκζ˹ֳѡ
̫һܾȻվƼֶ֮вɰԼ
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ϰּǿջ֪Ϊ£˲ˮֶ֮Цſ̫档
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ֶҲȦӣǰ뿪żɽϰĵĻ¥ּǿջ޹ϸȴװһͬĿջǡ
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˵ĳøлϰŶԣô˵ּǿջҲӦñһҺáֶЦ
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ˣϰι͵İɣֶ·û̫ĻԹ˵ԼĻ
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˵գ̫Ȼվһתߵ顣ܳΪǶ¥ϰ֮һҲʲô򵥵ݵĺ֮ѾѹֶԲ鵽¿ּǿջ;¥йϵҪȻͬڲ鵽ɽйϵ
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ϵּǿջҲύߣܼж¥ϰ壬ԭ򡭡
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ȷʵύ˲ߡֶŪ̫̬ΪʲôͻȻתڻһ䡣
ŵӺͼӵһû˷˵æ̽ˣ޶иƹЩǼڲߡֲŵӵȻһЩʮɲ̵Ϣ紫ʱġ
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ʵֶӶѣ̫ĲƲȻһЩƶƫԶĿǳΪ׸Ҫֿɵá
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ܿ˵Ѿܿɹˡ
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ˣϰ壬ôͻȻּǿջּǿջԾ¥в¥Ŷԡ
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һʱ֮󣬷һſڳִ󸹱賽
æǰѷŸϣվŷݸ賽ּǿջ͹ģŷߡ
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绺ͷ賽Ĵ㣬һ
Ϳˣû׶˵̸ʲô


510 Сĺ
ƣһ裬һ壬֮յϣֶᰣޱȡ
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󷽣ıϣһռٵ¥ڲװ˵ݳޣȴǳ˳ƶɣʴøֻأ۷һ壬ȷ۷Ҳ̩ɽеĻǿߣһѸ߽ǰҲ޷׹档
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ˣϾߡͨȥһ˾ǣ˵ŵ֮⣬һ¸˵һ֪ôġ
ֶԸһ̨һƨȥϵͳʾ֮𡣸հּǿջΪֵ꣬һ֧ƺƵĶ飬ſھ


511 ߲
֧ԼʮۺһոºɣƺƵڴϳۣҲɡ
ֵԣ·˷׷ÿԵ̯ҲСĽ̯ӳϹȥŻŵΣһⱦ˸Ž⡢Ө⡢Ůӿֻ֡
ŮӵԱߣһʮͷ°ϹһɽŽ۵ӡŮһҲƿ鿴ΣעȴżĲͬ
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ԶԣǼҿջϧⲻ̫ãƹѾЪҵ²ͷĨϵĺ飬ˣȣ¹ǻǾðɣ
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ȻĲϣҪôϡ٣Ҫôû˵ĶҪȻõֲ׵۷ǿߣΪ޵еĴڡ
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һ졢졢졭䣬ֶ֪ƣĿ£ʵصĵڲϱ䱡ֶͼޣҲڲСÿÿܲסעÿһÿһ붼Ҫȫ֮ʱһԣܼʱͳһº͵ֶʱ³񣬵ȵֶָӿȥֶٶȳΪ
ڣ۵һֶһžһɳɵĸоϮ첻߲ݳƣȫɨ
˫Ȼֶֻˬ磬ҲøʺԻ⡣
ᰣڸһҲڰˡ˵ʵһǿһ㡣
ҷֵ꣬Ҹطԡ
Ц飬ֶ볬ԽҲŬ¶ۼķŻٶֶԽ
ȶĽ֣Ѳ¡


519 Ʋ񷱻Χ
УֵҸطԣ
ֶ²ҽһ·һӡǡ
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ʮ״ֶȲķԾ¡ᰲѣҲǰȥ
أȵ᰸ϣֶźͼǼӶȥҵݶĵּǿջȺС
ֶţ̼㸲ּǿջ
ϸɨһֶ֮סˡ
ûˣ
ûˣᰶٸв졣
ʲô³ȥˣǵȵȰɣֶҲû̫ϣȻй涨ɵسｨֵĻڿջЩԳ飬ٷĴ㡢ϵʳĵĹӦ̣ʱǲڵġ
ټڲ磬̸ʱڣĿԼ
ȻΪ˷Ѳʱ䣬Ҳֻ԰ꡣںԺʯ£һоҩ䷽һעδ͵ĵ档
һֱȵ磬ֶͲסˣᰴкһŽյĴą̃һϵͳʾ֮
šС԰ȫֶصԺһ£ֿ첽䣬ͨŻصǣľ˵һ֮ŻصԺ
߰ɣƹȽӡֶڵ
᰽鼮봢֮վӣٻصҰ
Ͽ񸩳£֮Ծ񱳣ֶһȰǣչڷɣһĿ
ֶ񣬻ûü
һҲе鼮о֡
վġ
ͷֶۣ΢
·һƬɽɽ߿գֶĿֻܿЩƵʱ򷢳һֱ棬ʣʲôܹ챦
ȥעʺֶһɤӡ
˷չᣬٸ¡
ž벻ֶᰵҲ·һɽУСڵ㡣ٽһЩЩСڵ㣬ȫˡ
һɨʮ֮ࡣ
󣡡
Ըв
ʲô󣿡ֶ⡣
ɽȵľͷв󡣡᰽͵
ֶϸһɽȵľͷȻͬտյӰΣҪô˲̤ԭҪôǱס˽еˡ
ϸһֶʧǰ
һעӹ۲ƿ߲𣬽Ӵɽͷʱ¶졣
ȥ죡ֶȻȣѾĿɽȵͷһȺˣȺ˶»Ķһ˺һޡ
˻ԡѪݣĹ⻪תδȴΧ촦޸ߴɣſڵϣȻ˲ᡣ
ֶܹ϶ѪƲģͷӴޡѪ߰ߣȴǰ׵ҫ۵ëϸӣһͷ޴İ׻
ǾŽް񻢣ƲҲǰ񻢡
շŽ죬οǰ񻢡ټѪΧƣּ콣ڵ콣ƲĿԣߴųϡ
ܰһͷŽ޺һ۷ǿΧģҪʲôʵȺ˵ʵɼһߣֶԥһ£óʣᰣһλãָ񣬴ȥԺؿջͨŰүӺͷǰ
᰻ҡͷе罣С
ֶһҧóŻ鵤УȻóһ޶ܣӿ˲㽫һڵס
ãˣ
ȺһѮȻ֡
һ̣һɹȵż׹ľ޶ܸ˹ȥ
䣡
ضɽҡһ죬׶ľ޶Ȼ޴ĳײֶŵڵ󵹷˳ȥҲз˼²ס
ֶ
᰷ɳ۶;˸£ţء
û顣ֶ˿Ѫҵ΢滺һЩ
˿ȺȥסĿѪˡ
ᰶѪƲ񷣬ᰣɽôˣ
ףô᰷ſֶӵƲߣһ֮
˲أ𣬾Ҳжദѣ֧ŵڣȫƾһš
ᰶ뿪ƲĿأ
ҡͷ
ֶ˿˿Ż鵤֮󣬿ѯʵǰô£ô˳ģ
Ʋ᰸鵤֮󣬴˽һ顣
ԭǰƲŰ·һþŽλҵλǸеһ֣ƲȻŹ鿴һ֮󣬾ֻ콣ڡ
λԽԽңѸŵӶ˹ƲԭΪ۷ǿߵʵټһͷŽޣΧ򲻹ҲȫԴ뿪ŶȻټȫԷֱ֣ӰδȫλߣҲֻǹȴ룬мΪڵڡ
ڹڲʱƲΪλδ죬Ѿ̻Ѷ콣ڵӻǺ콣ڽŵĵ·֣콣ڰȱش˵ء
û뵽ҽҲʷƾõĴ֮һȻû۷ǿߣ̲ףڲƣָ߽鵤ҲǶ಻ʤ
ɽпŵǿأǽڲõ󣬹ʮȫǷİ˽ټϽڹĳϺ;Ӣ㳲Ʋ񷻹ΧʮΧߣȫ޷ͻƽڵķ
Ʋ񷷢鲻֮һ£ýŪộ϶ҲǳλֵԵʣ˾ʱλͻΧȥԺ˵
ϧԳɣϸǿ߶ţëƲͨʵڹĪİ˽Уһ֮ƵһȴƲĸ󣬷ֻǲͬĸ߽֮Ʋǿƿֻػȥĸǲͬĸ߽󣬽Уֳϼѡ
ͻ߽ƲͰ񻢶һȺ߽ǿߵΧ£䲻ܣȴҲֻƾ±ڿšŵڣˣƲҲ;ƿݣ鵤ԵһŲʣֶᰲ֣콣ڵԮûиĻҲֻƾݾٳŰҵʱ䡣
ڰ£˵뿪ɱ⣡
ȣ䲻ֶܸǴʲôвһֻŽȴôöԸģֻܲܰѶ˸ˡ
ᰣǰϺͰ񣡡ֶӿһľ޶ȻʧУ֡
˵գٶзʽӿƲͰ˫˫񱳡
ᰳһ£Ծ񱳡
ߣûôף
ɲһ۷ǿߺֻŽӵԽڶԣ
ˣ˫˲Ƴȵ㼯һ޴ȥ
һֶ̣ǰеʣٶȻûΪһ޶ܡ
һֶɳȥݺϡʱһͣٵɲǣҡҡλεչ𣬶С
ʯͤϣᰱݽҧȴһֶʱ䶼ûУ߶Զݡףȫ£ٻȥʹ˽⣬Ҳ˳뿪Ψһİ취ֵֶֻסһƣʱڻȥȱ


520 ȴԮ
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ۿߣ޵ҧгݣһӡ

ֶһĨǵѪ⼸ڵĳδ֮ǰһһľС
ľԵ룬һûɫһ׸ߵСܵĹľԵòۣҲûʲôֶܿ϶Сλɡ
ԭ򲢲룬ƲȻûаλٵߣȻɽȵľͷͷҲһƬľԡľУֻһС
һ󵶣棬ֱָλ
⶯һǳɣҲڵĳϹ㲻ǰ뿴ĳ硣
˭ҹҷλ˭Ҳõֶߵ
ʽѾùˡˣն֫˫ۣһʮꡣû٣һ
ڳ
ֶȻԭΪƲ۷ǿߵݣûУû뵽˼Ҳס
ݵģ
ݣֶҲǳصģȻһץסλɣȻһ
͡
ĿѵĿУλ棬ɢɢŵʮδĹӣʼѸٿή
ɱɱɱ
ֻǻһʯסѹû뵽ԷҲݵ̶ֳȡ
һΣûˣˣбҲǺӵܵ¡ҪҲˣǵڰװæһ
̣Ҳ벻µӻͽܣﵽ󾳽۷ǿ߶ŻסĻȻסһˡ
λŽ׸λ
һ̣ķˣԭŻŻֶͶֶȥˣ˵ʲôҲɱֶ콣ڵʵǿΪ˻ڴʲôĺ󻼣Ѿ¶ģɱֶ
ǰϱȳһϾֻǳϣκܿѪ޹飬Ȼۣȴںͳǰ۵׶Ĵ̹ǡԾ֮ƷƳȴδ֡
ֶһΣܿˣɽȵĽƣЦĿУץסһ֦ĸ
ǰԣ
϶ʱɲסƣһٶȻͷ³硣
ɱ
纷ȻѾܲˣҪֶˡ
ĬȻȻڽһԾŶλϵ̫ˡأֹĸĳǣҲĿһʮҵꡣ
νڴгϸΧƲͰ񻢣ӢзΨһ⣬ꡣ
Ϊ׾ԣǽڵ̳ˣҲǳĽڽڣĵλҪ߹󲿷ֵĳϡԭڣ츳ܿܳΪʷϵλ۷ǿߡҲΪˣڼλ𣬹ӿʼѸٿή֮󣬻λҲںˡ
λĹӣ׾ԳΪʷϵλ۷ǿߵĿԣӡΪλ۷ǿߵʦͬڽڵʷŨصһʡ
õλȻҲǴһһ۷ǿ߱ȴҪࡣԳŻһŭ֮£Ҫɱֶڶ
ۿг϶ĿͶעԼϣ׾̤һԸ⽫ʬΣʦͷ֮ޡ
סʬΣȵ
һɳ϶ҧгݣ̲ס׾ԣλ۹Գʵ˺̫أֻٵλǽڸôĴ۵ڵȫο콣ʵǽڻҪʷƾáǵļ̳ˣҲţټϱ۷ǿɱ
λ۹ɱ
׾ԵһⲽǰĿֶƽ
һɳвãȴȰ衣ֻƢ˵㣬ƽʦֵ֮ҲǢ׾ԣȴ֮һݵļ̳˶ŶԲʲô£ЩвͬˣȴСһЩҪȻôĶ֪
ɽȽֶóװзµСƿַ˻ȥһɳǶ׾вã׾ȴмúܡҪһĸʵǿĳϳ֣λϸߵĻض÷÷µܿ⡣ܷµѸھأκƶʱ⣬˭ܿ϶֮ϻϢ÷µʱ䡣
׾Ըⵥǹƥֶûˣٶȣʵֺʱ˴ʮɱûʱóµá
µֻʣʮţÿһŶޱȣټ˰ԵĵҩܲõһȻǲõΪáֶȻñȷµȴҲû÷µ˷ѵĳ̶ȡֻҪܽ׾һʱ̣ţ᰿϶ԴͷͷϹԮ
Ϊɱ㡣
׾俴ֶ˫ĽŲҲԽԽɱڲϰߣҲڸѹ
ԴˣֶȻֵ÷㣬ŲϵĳЩܲס׾Դѹ۷ǿʱɱӦ磬׾ԵɱﲻֵһᡣϣȻΪʱ䣬ҲԻһ¹սĽڳǣֻЩǾʵͲ׾ԵĶ֣Ųȥ˷Ѵ̽ʵ
ֶã׾еɱŨ࣬ŲҲͶұ˼֡ϲְѱٿеĸоҲΪǺͼһӦеȨ
ֶʵ״ﵽʲô̶ȣģҲȥġʮأ츳󺺹ҲҲٸҳģֻҪõĸĲ̫࣬пܳΪһݺ󺺹۷ǿߡ
ʮססס
֮ʣֶλƶ̨Уеʻ𣬳׾ȷ˹
׾ԣһڵĴϻ̲סһ
׾ȴᣬֶӵʳԴ֮ʱһӣھŽ鼼ŷƹЮŹֶȥ
飡
ֶɳȥ±ҵһ
ۿֶԾ׾һߣʵУǲһƻӲھ˲ڶµģҲض˲ᡣ
Сˣ׾ԲֶѾǿ֮ΨһĿԣȻֶǷ
ʵֶȻ׾ԣװġڰأ˵ʵʹʹ˴һڵΣȴץסʱѵõĻᡣһڵĳȺӿϣ˷µʵھ۷壬һӵܹɼ֣˭ܱ֤ΧɱĹΪ˼ʧơ
Ҫƽ˽һȺǿߵĸ£ᰴ۷ǿߣǿҲҪٵʱ䣬֮ܿѾӢˡ
ˣֶòסͷȣʱ䡣
һ֮ڣһۣ
׾ĸֶʩѹţֶȻΪһ仰ע˫ϡ
һԼȳ׷⻰׾֮Աǣλߣûʸλߵá


521 ʾ
ֶϵĽע˫ϣʵ֣ԭµۣƶ
׾Զˣҽȳǰ̤һһ֮Զ˲ʱֶǰ̧𣬳ֶۻ˹ȥ
ֶеʣ֮۵˹ȥ

΢׾ԵƣȻһ٣Уӡֶؿڡ
顭
һ죬ֶݺײʯϣôҲ޷վ
㡢ʹթ
òױƳѪǣֶŭ׾ԡܴ󲿷ֶװģһƵҲȷʵСڰصʵӲһҲؿеʹ
׾ԣмڲ̽˵ʵٶҲȳ˿һ˲ĺķѴͻƵ˵ֲ̽
һصǿߣܰһڰصǿߴؿʹһƣԲ򵥡
ˣֶҲС֮治УѰڶصʵɱصǿߣѱصǿ߿ڰصǿ﷭
ʹթ׾Ժһãֶûʸ͡
ӿƣ׾̧ۣĵһ䣬ʵѾ˽ڵɱС˵ÿγּǽǿơڽ˵СŰɱϲڴͥ½ɱٻչʾǿ˵ʵ
ֶ䣬һɳȥ
һʮףֶȻأһĹڵϻףסΡ
Ψһ׾ԺһﳤǲǣֶȻ˲ȴ۾
콣ڵ鼼Уʲôʱһ˿鼼һﳤ΢΢üŪֶǿĿ
׾ȴЩоûнһ߸ɱ˼һûз鵤ǰ£ԣǸСķ̡
Ȼ㻹ţǾͱҲˡ
׾һ˫Ȼŵȥ
Ϣڣէȥ׾һƣ˵ϡ̣ܱߵСʯͷû𶯷ֺ
ʵϣȴֶоص׵Уһɸ֮ǰӲ׾һƵɵ泯Ϯ
ٿʤˡ
ɳɵصףȴڱڵвϼٱ׳˿ܵص赲׳ƿȡص׵Ϊһ㡣
ǽڵƵĸ磬ӿ
׾ͻھ۷ǿУһһӿһƳԲʮķΪáһƳ𶯣ǧ֮ңƲʷƻʵľ춯ء
еӿֶڰصʵҪƾӲ䲻ȴҲѱˡ
ûκγɣֶӿϣʽӴĲλ˲һ̣֮Ȼɢ˲ڵصγһܡ
䣡
һ룬лܣ챬ըԷסԺֶʻָԭ״̬֣ڵһըɳȥ
ڰ˼£ֶȻء
һﳤϺ׾ԶһУֶ˫ۣſŵġ
ܣڵߣͨ鼼Ҳֵܵǽڵơ
ûҪ鼼һڵ߾ֵܵסһصǿߣڵǿߣֵܹ۷ǿˡ
ƲΪ콣Ǵ󺺹۷ǿߣ츳ѧ鼼ѧ鼼£˿ֺ˵ֻǽھˡ
ڶڵĳǱκ˶ƵƣҲĽǶ޷˿ߵʵֵǿߵĹ
׾ԣǲˣ
һλͷЩ򵥵ĳ̲סһ䡣
׾ûᣬУȻλϸˡ⻰ûʲôλãڶȴֻܣҪôԳΥҪôʵ
һ׾ԶȲȻ츳ǳʲôĹٻóԹҲעǽڵһ
츳ǳҲôݹ󺺹ǵľǶ۷ǿߣαʳΪ۷ǿߵſ򲻵ѣκŶὫֵӾ֮⡣ҪֵӾ֮ˣҲ˳ЦԺҲû˻Űʦ
һʳΪ۷ǿߵĵӶݲ£˵ĵˡ
ˣ׾ȴҲ٣Ҳλֻһ˵ԭΪ̳еٮٮߣϾֻǸӣ೤֮ϵĵλȫΪݡԳͣûʮǲλģλˣҲױΪ׾ԱƹΪɲʮųϡ
Ҫ仰ڷŭ״̬ĳеĲΨһİ취ֻɱֶ
׾һΣֶǰ˫ۣȻƯľ硣ͬӿĳˮƣȻֶԴ
ХһƣóĻŭţЩ׾ԲĳҲǾϲӡ
˭û뵽׾ԾȻʱµ
ڵƣǰľ磬޷ˣ롣һƻʵ춯ء鼼͵Ϯ߻оżߵЧԵУҲвСĺôһƹõΪֻ̽һ֮󣬵һõ˳ԸСĿƾеĵʱȷһơ
Ƶһ磬ȷǷӿƺƴûǰ漸ĻйЧȴХǣԵ˵
׾һƣ仹ûչ¶ӿЧѾߣܿδ۷ǿ֮оȫԽڶԣǸСľϲ
Ͼ׾Ҳصʵչ٣ӿ磬ܾڵʵң׾ԵʵԽǿļҲԽ͡
ڸΪһλϧΧɱ콣ڵƲ񷣬ŵԲκεƾ̣׾Եʵ۷ǿߵУҲռ˼ıء
û׾ŵĵӣΪλϧΧƲ񷣬ȴԲڷҪشӶ콣ڽ²ܵ͵ĳԹ
˴ΧƲ񷣬ڶƲ֣Ϊܹȷ׾ԲڳΪƲ۷ǿߵı콣ڵıȻΪ˸ڴСʧ콣ڵļ̳ҲǸĺ󻼣ֻҪ׾ûܵˣھвڵıǮ
䣡
ֶеʻӳ׾Ի˫ڰ;һ֮ŷĳȥ
ãޱȽĴһ
׾԰ȻĿɨƣƵгҲòȲɡ
Ũ˭ɣֶ˿Ѿ֧Ѫģ
ȴ˭ûвңԶʣӳ


522 ޿
ŨƽϢչֶΣ׾ԶԷӿ𾪡
ֶʣѾйӲС׾һƵɼһߡȻĪģֶ˫ۣȻŵġ
ôܣ
֪ôԼе𺳡
ⲻܣ
׾Ժһһ𣬳ֶԴȥţҲţýܳĵӣлΪ۷ǿߵصʱ򣬾Ȼ޷ڶʱȫɱһڵߡ
ֶԴĿʣһСڵԷٶš׾һƣ˿ûᡣ
׾ԵƼͷ֮ʱֶڿǲϷŴСڵɣ֣֮ȫ
䡭
ɳȥ׾ԣһص
׾ԣôˣμӣ;׾Ը
׾¶ɫֶþ޷
ڰأȻڰصʵ
ôܣ겻ʮǵ걻Ϊ󺺹һŵƲҲ޷ʮ֮ǰﵽڰصʵο콣ڵļ̳ˣ˵ƲŮ
ڰصʵ̽ˡ
桢ڰأûзκ鵤ôܴﵽʵ
һʱ䣬ڵĳס׾ԸǾ겻ĿֶڰصʵζţԷȫڽԮʱ׾ԣ
ܣ
׾޷̣Ҳбôˡ˫ƣһγֶԴ˳ȥ
ֶһԾĻа˲ģ׾Խ֮ӿʱ׾Եͬͭǽڽסһ㣬ɲ
⡢ʲô鼼ãƾô赲Ҳʯ󺣣׾ԳԮȴԿڡеľֶԹգйɸֶͬھĳ嶯
Ⱳӣ֮ӣֻϷˣ˵ʱȴû˿Ϸˣ죬Ψһ⣬ҲԽܲ˵⡣
δ˵ȻҲ״ۿ׾Եֶƿٷȥżһʱ
أȴڰ;ͣ
ҶⱲӣްҲͼѻõó֡ˣʲôţҶ𣡡
嫵ڰ𣬽ڵĳǺȻ̧ͷŷ֣׵İУٶȻҲǳϷ
죿Ȼš
һ˲ʱһţݺĶ𣬾ҸǴڵжԹϵ˵۷ǿҲи֣֮ⶦǰеĴڣƾ콣ھи۷ǿѣƲֽӹһ٣֣ټ콣ڵʵʹʷƾãʷϳֵλ۷ǿ߶ȺⲼдŽ󣬵ҪһͬʷƾõĴŴսҶԷ۷ǿߣһˣҲʵ𣬽ҲԤϡ
ĿѣЩǣܸоԼģ԰ԴˡԶףһھصǿΣʵǿʲô̶ȣᡣ
ڣѽ
ۣ
һߣ׾Ե壬ƫеķɵֶϡ
šſҡ׾ŭ
ֶȴ޶ԣץ׾Եʺԭû׾ôǰˣȻڳ档Ҳֻǰ׾ץΪʣȻҽҪ
ɶͷжҡ뷨ˡ֣Լ˶ͷƲĿس̶ȡ
ƽͷǲܴ֮ǰһ俪׵ġ綦ͷղŵĻ˵ްһȴû˵ԭΪϷŵ㶫ǻ֪·Ҳô
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СӣŸʲô˵ƲĹϵһŶԡͷĿ΢ʱѪˣѾƿأȴһ˲ᡣ
ֶһҧ׾ԾֵĿУȻ
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ᰲٶԣԾϣҲϲɱˣƲȷŭһ·ϵľҲԹޡ
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ȻҲǹע۷ǿ֣ûдҪֲĵߡ


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ӿɱķľŽУһоֶһɱڵأǰ᰺Ȼǿ󣡡
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ᰵͷϵĸ߽ʯڲġ
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526 콣
ｵ٣ֵĸҵ̣ǻޱȡ̵̯̫Ʒȴ̫ٵիҲȻɽĴ̱Ҫһء
ի֮գֶڶλΪߣԺ
ԺʯûãһӰȻ
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˵Ϊһˮ޵һҴЩֵիòҪˮмôѱġ
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һ·صּǿջĺԺֶŽֱȦȴʯϡ
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Ҫ̩ӦֶһѸóǿʵ콣ڵĳų̩Ҳʲô¡
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Ǿͻһ£ҪǴԹĻǰ鷳һҵʵϴμʱһءֶЦǺǵ
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ҡͷӦøƵļʩѹûƲò뿪ּǿջ»ƵĻ϶಻㣬Ҳϻǰ顣ȵͬķߡ
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ڶνף͵һһǳ˳
ȵ뿪ֶҲصּǿջˮȦһţ̤˹㿪ֵ;Ȼ;У˼ӦԶϾϵĸС
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ܺʱҵʱ䣬ʮſŰپʮǧŰأһŰٰʮżҷֵ꣬ȫջϵͳϿһһʮһңһҡϿһҡһңּǿջȻ˱鲼󺺹иأҲﵽ˵һһǧһҡ
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Ȼǰּǿջ㹻ƹʹƹ棬ɸصĻѾڳר־ĿЩسǡǡǵĻǣֶţаʱ䣬»ͿԴԴϵӿˡ
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529 ϲ
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530 ںϳɹ
أ᰿ڵǰˮԭ״
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Σֶӹ󵶣ӿУһӡ

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ϢŭϢŭۿͷͷ϶ڻʵðֶ̣ж֮࣬æǰסԭӵЩøҲ֮Ȼ޴档
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󺺹ǼڲߣҲ鸽󺺹ߣŵĵӡȫһôҲ²׷ʲô顣
δ֪Ŀ־壬ǿʼϳǣ̽
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ǵװաٹǣȻһСĽ·ƽľǣֵϵ翤
˵ϣʱȻǳȴڻλ֮ռвãǬʵſҵܵĿԴûκηӦ
ҵΪˣ֪˵ûôǬʵҲҶײд󳼸ŵ˸顣ȺͻȻֵӥ޶ԣ϶ŷ飬ܸܿ͢˲ǳĹϵΪˣǰպʹٹǣĻ̡̻
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537 м
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᰽ԼϡƵֶǰֶȴҡҡͷϡ˻ȥȥǰԺŪõĹ
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ֶתŤͷһͷҲʯϡ
ֶʯˣôƵˣԭ֮ⲻھơ
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סŲҲôסԺͻˡͷĵĿֶ˼ףСӿүҲŪϡҪϡҪ̬࣬Ҫ
ֶӶͷĿ⣬ЦǺǿӣǰϻҪʲôҸȥ
˵㣬ȥЩϡȻ
Уȥ󡣡ֶת
ͷץץͷƤЩ㲻ֶôôûԼ̬ȣֵúˣڸӴ̨ǰͣ첻԰ôֱӰԼˡ
ۿֶ˴룬ͷΣСӣҲһ
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ж٣ȫҪˡͷüӣЩƵζ
ףչǰҪķ
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죬ͽܣѩ׵ĳ룬΢΢ף츳ߣڿ죬벻Ȼҵôõһͽܡ
ǣĳЩˣһѧҸɽµ˼ͨһڳͷ˲󣬺ߺߵǲ֪ǱڳԺ󣬻᲻ᱻ˵ɿ֦򵲵ĸ
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ҿɾ͹ϲˣ룬ҵ츳ڵͽܶԵʦ𣬶ԵΪʦүһѧɽµףεİ취׼ǧҲԵˣʱ򣬲õضʧЧˣǱҰ޸˻С£һѧ鼼ԽҰ޵Ķ
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ĿڲţͷҪǿ࣬ÿϣҲܰѶͷĸ꣬սʤƾ֮һΣˡ
һԣϲ۷ǿߣ಻ϲͽܡǲ϶ʵ½ϲǣ޹ݺ£ҲҪ𴫳У룬ʦү鼼ʧ
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ѵһΰӲƿԣͷüĸоȼжӵı顣
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ǸǰԺĳҲûסֶһǸ
͡
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Сҭû˸ʬͷվһΣʧˣСӲ֪ʲôԭѹֻܡ
ͷķʯ಻ʮף۷ǿ߶ԣӵӲ䣬˾ܶͷʧӻǵƻһģƹΪÿͣҭˣ϶Ҳٲø׼һϺŵĹľ
ֶ˿磬ǿ԰ĹȥˡôۣҲҪͻͣСĵ㣬ȫԱгͻ
ֶϣδϡӾ뿪磬˹ڵһģҪʮ̳þ֮ɹѶͷ˳һԣᰴԲͷֶԸȻһҲûз쭡
ϲյĿڿջס졯ջϵͳΪżԴؼ䡣
İֶհӵҪһ̳̳þưÿ̳ӵĵײһС֮ϵͳʾȻ
ڣջϵͳˣڶͷмƣҲ֮һɨա
ӺᰲĿУֶ˻ȭͷϲⰻȻ


538 ͷķ
ֶͻȻ˷᰻ãݵľȻˣȻټûм
򰵰пúһ츳ڵˣ벻ȱ㡣
ֶйЩʲôȲĴ򿪿ջϵͳ
ּǿջ90%
Ӫҵһǧʮ
ʯ7968/25600
ֵ7968/25600
ͷ81/100
46/50
ƣ51
ʦ22
ǣ0/35
6/9
ֵ꣺11103
С԰20/25
20/25
ؽѣ3/15
˲񷿣0/10
䣺0/1
⣬еԶҲԳ֡
ֶ򿪴ԣЩϣѡֻһѡֻѡÿĵʯԣǶ
һΣֶǵһ
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ͷķȻ򿪣һ̣ͷʯԣӿо̳ײСȫ
һʵƣͷģжôۡ
ôȱƺȣӵЦȱĻһ
Ҳȱƺȣֻȱ˸ᡣͷŭĿӣСӣԽԽˣȻҵҵ浹þƣŲҪһòȥι
𣿡ЦŴһ۶ͷ⣬͸ؤһ˭һòˣҪб£һǮҿõóһǮⲻǡ
ҶּǿջõšͷĻҭסˣǰһ仰ɽɽþƺòˣ͹ڣûˡ
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㶦ּǿջôӳʤ׷Ӵóһͭ壬ϣЦһǮҪóһǮұ֤ķڷ
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᰿Ŀãֶһֱûн˿ڽеȻӴóһĽӣϡ
үӣϵǮ
סˣһ͸оЩȴô벻ﲻڿԭһֱϵ˱ʡ
ԶԶԣҷϵǮֻǮͷ𶧣ӻ˻Σǽһʹ졣
ôⲻǣȶķڷͷֲ
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ǰӮôΣҲүˣ˵үӿɲˡЦŴһ䣬ֶǰ迴÷ǳأָʲô¶ȴӵʧƽǲͽġһȷʵЩǶ϶ѣ˭ˣȰһȰҲˣ⻰۷ǿǲõġͷһͶ࣬ӣᰶҲЩˡ
ֶĹ֣ͶԵ޹ʵľ᰺ײµĪѾĪĽˡõӰ쵽ֶ飬ȻҲûʲôǡ
Ѿͷû׷һͷüʯһ˫Ŵּϡ
СˡӵĿƮֶ֮ǰ㲻ƹ˭ϲŵĹûϲ
˭ңϡƹֶ֣ɻлعЩãȻĿˡ
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Ǹ˵ǣǾǰɣֶ㲻׷ʲô飬ѾɣȻ˵ʲôʲô˵úãŵĻܷơ
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Ȼүףǰּǿջס죬ȻҪԶࡣֶĻشûκԥ֪֮Ҳ˵ӣϾһλԸͷ൱۷ǿߡˣѱһʱ˷ȸСƽϡͷ죬һص㳡ӣֶҲЩȥ
⻰һͷӵԴЩӦˡ
ҲɵˣԼĶǷˣЩɣԼ۾ǲǳ⣬ǰλͲƹ
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֮ǰҲıҪԼĵӿ˸۷ǿߣΪλ۷ǿ߲ϧԼ鲻Ҫͽ£ǲԹ۵ġϾ츳ڵ˿ʦ۷ǿͬԺô˼ΪͽȻЩѬģֻҪʦҲǽܲˡ
һ۷ǿߣһ۷ǿ߾뿪ˣҲϹֻһ۷ǿߣԻࡣҪҸ츳ڵ۷ǿ߿˵Ļ˵ʮֻһ۷ǿߣǾ͸ˡ
Ǿǣסס죬ͷֶ֣ǰҲ̳ơ
ֶǳϵóһ̳þƣҿ⣬˹ȥ
ڳͷıˣֶ䲻ͷǰ㲻ƽϣȴҲƽϲһ۷ǿߣΪ˵ڽǸС棬ʵʧݡ
Ҿһ̳ͷ˾̳
Ӵȥˣݺݵֶʧ
񫣬ʵڹ񫣬ϧһӮȻܡͷ꣬طָоˣǹ˰񫡣õóع˼ƣһĨֶͣ򣬴ֲӽ쿪ʼԸ˵ʦˡ
ֶȻǴ󺺹۷ǿߣ⽱ġ


539 
Ź˷ܵĶͷ˼̳ƣȵȹ˺ˬ˻طȣֶվ᰺ٺһЦ
ʶʶǰڿջסԭ򣿡
Щ˷ƶүĺôŲĻֶǲôġ
ƣ
ֶ򿪿ջϵͳ䣬һŷ档
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⡢⡭ֶЩ޷Լˡ
Ǵ䣿
˵һ磬ҲΪ
ôģôоϢ󡣶ң⣬ҲֻܲþŶԡЩˡ
ֶݺ˿ĭ˿һֺ졢ġҲ˵ýͣ͵ɣȥж󣿡
᰻ͷľ콣йżҲֳ˼ʶĸо
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ֶӿ翲̼㵽ʮ֮⡣ɷȥǰһ޼ʣκξͷ
һҧֶٶȷ񱼣ٶ֮һ·ǽӨɫǽߵС
ҿ񱼣·;ͽ࣬Ҳٶ
ϧҲֲʣһС硣̲ס̾
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̫ˣ˵ҪǵĻǾһ磬ҲС磬Ǳ滹Ҫ硣
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ⴢ䣬˹龪ˣܲںôɣ
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ټּǿջԴ߲ʴûռĳ̶ʱҪ飬ξܾ¿ջְ֮ѻ˹Ƿʮҵ̣ҪʱѻͳȥĿҲûŵˡ
̻֮󣬴ڻͨԽԽƵֿҲԽԽࡣռ䲻ķգɿ߳ǱĿ̵ţϾּǿջľƲ˻ھֻ㶥⣬סȴԳƵ޵УκοջҲ޷⡣
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ֶɴ˸ָһ㣬ԾͲκԲοĹá

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ԭĵط̫ɣûˡʯģһΪģӣҲС
ǰԺͨԺΧǽŪȴţٰѺԺΧǽӸһ㣬Ūһƽ׵ĿռֻҪûΧǽ̽ضΪռǺԺң԰ѴڵλøһЩΪǵҾˡ
һ㣬ֶѡ˺һ취취ȫϵߣҲʡɱ
ǳȥ⣬ֶᰡ
ᰵ˵ͷ
˿ſڣ˴ֶ֮µԣһʯĺı֮󣬽޸ĳֻƽס
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ޱ󣡱ñȴ󺺹󡣡ֶЦǺǵ
Ȼʵ޷ԭ򣬵ʵȴְǰݲšѾʶּǿջĵطԻΪԼΡ
ЦĺƬֱֶ̣ǰԺ
ɫѺڣŽգԺѰһ߳һʲôȻ˵һֱѰֻĿ⣬ȴڸ߶Է
飬ϲԽ˵ԽоΪѾܴˣտʼѰ˫ۿնûۿһ¡ʱƺĲиŬѰǿն·ʧȥ˫۲Ȼת
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540 
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һƣһŹٵʱȥûκζͬ۹Ʒ羰һֻ
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֮⣬ּǿջвٲֿ⣬ȫԱ֤ǻİȫʱֻҪһžͿˡһ·࣬ҲǸˡ
ӳЩɣǴ˻Ǵӿǣÿһ仰ֱߡǴƫԶǹģһ·¶ޣӳŵﾩǡòˣȷʵɡοжԷ˵ôãϰҲᷴԡǶϰ֮ˣԿҸõطסޣ˵ܹ˺ӵϰ塣
ȵȣȥʡ
ӳδ̫ãֱһ
ʱһŽµĺӸŻӳ˹
ǿջģɨˣĿͣõֶϡ
ּǿջĹӵ̬Ⱥһ۾жϳЩϰ壬Цǡ
û㿪ڡڿһָľ޸Ҳ֪ӽ£·˶е㱳ȴҲûһҿջֶ
һ£ͺݲԵȣƹϣҲͬûжԵ˵ʸ
ջƢĿǾ飬ǲôµֶҲʱҲûô⣬ڵּǿջƹֶ֪ϰôƺ
˵˵ǿջƾʲôסɣĮ
ּǿջǾĿջֶĿڲûãⲢ֮ǰĽܸظһ顣
ȵֶ˵꣬ҲûѯʼǮͷ˻ֵ֣ܣóӼǰ
ӳϲָӳǰ
ǵǰ·ӳֶ˻֣䲻ֶ̫ø³Ӧ̬ȣֶĽܣȷʵĶˡ绤ӳϣϣܹҸסõĵطһ¡һ·Ѿܹ˷¶޺ͽլ
룡
ֶԭøƴ·ģһʱһʱȻհ졣
гſھڲԶǮķҲûٻֶ˵ĺš


541 
ʮףϵİɫȻʧȡ֮ģ˹߳ЦݡֻЦҪһЩ
ͻĸı䣬ſڵͷϵĻᡣ
⻨ᣬƷ
ȪǮƿĲҶ̣ҲûмƷԱǮƿΪƷ⽮Ŀ̨ҲЩƷ٣мֵơ
ǹԱţëľǣط㵽˻ٶĸƷԱƷԱߴð˴̵ĶӻֶӣЩƷ١ƷֻٸĸƷƷʶصǣֻҪǱѹһ㶼þá
ȪȻ⾩ǵͨգйϵŻ쵽ˮСְλĳǣֱͬӣҲʹ򷨵Ӷѡ
һƷȴҡ
ܵٵģĸһĹԱĳһϵĳԱϳϵشְλиɽʮþȵ顣Ҫˣܰһٶ೵ĲҶҲˣҲֻޣû취˵ǮƿĿ̨һ㣬õû˵Ǯƿ̨ǮƿһԾŶܵҲ˭ʡ
ΪˣȪЦݣҲ½ŲٵƱ˵ùСѲ־޸Ѳġ
ңۿ徹ӭǰȪʱͨͨǵһǣȻʶʲôˣƷӭǰǳһٶҶȴΪۺڡ
һƷʵ۰صһŵĽ˵һľ޸Ǿ޸Ҳһܵӭӡ
ףסȪ඼Ҫˣ벻ףһƷôڴ㼸سǣ˵ӽ£Ҳû̶ְֳȵġ
벻ףѾǰȪ˿˫̧𣬳幰˹ЦݵǮƿķׯϰȪ֪ôƺ
幰˹֣ȴǳֶҲǶЦݣƹˣ
ֶ˵ͷֻϰա
ϲϲæϲ
ֻЦǺǵĴл
һԣȪЩˡΣƺǳһٶ೵Ҷģ
ƹ£롣˸ƣ룬ֿȪͿϰ壬롣
ȪЩܳæͷ½ͳһƱ䵱УǰȥССⲻɾ⣬죬ֵȲȡ
ϰ壬ǸʲôȻӣ俴Ȫɱ֮ɫ
ܳΪسǽ죬˹ϵӲ֮⣬Ҳ汾²СһһɱɱȪֵܹģ˫һǻʶ棬ͱŵõڵء
ȡȲ裡ȪЩףǵĹԱͲǹԱˣٵģм᲻Ҫӵġο֮ǰҲǵ˴Ǹôѵ鶼֪
ڵΣȴԲԤϵǰ㣬ֻҪӾͺ˵
֪岻ҪôһƱһǧһһӡԣѾǸСĿˡƫƫּǿջƹڳ
ּǿջ֪ģõû˵̵ֵϰ壬ȻҲһҪȻҲύͬһҪǱּǿջƹ񿴵Լһӣ濪ڻð죬˻ȥˣҪȥּǿջʱ򣬵ĳǾ͹Բ˶ˣ̰ٵƢûץ֤ҲͰˣץ֤ݣ׼͵Ҫͷء
һǲ٣ȴԶԶûյĳ̶ȣȻǷȻһ
Ȳ裿ȲҪôӣ˵Ƕϰ£ôӣǲĻ⣿ȳ⣬һղҶֶԹԣֻܰԹѵȪͷϡ
ûóôӹԼֲ֪͵͵ϰ˭
Ȫˣûջǣȴֲ֪ôźáϵƱҲǣҲǡûк͹ԱĹԱУҲȻġƷġϲڼӵģɶиôµǰᡣһľ޸ڱĹԱ˿̨žη֮⣬ĹԱ½޷ҡĸ
λƷͿ̨һƫƫֲ̨ȻҲ˼ӣȴ粻
ϰ岻֪ΪǵĽһҲС֪߲ϢŭֶȻڲһ䣬û취λϰּǿջƳĵһˣֹô򵥣ż鴢ļֵǷԤڵá
Ҳңһ֣ϵɱȻ޴档Լ߹λƹˣλƹͬҲǷˣٻԼջĿˡ
ȪһͻЩŵĿֶͻУľη
ڿˣλȫǳԼղȳƹӭġ
һƷһջƹģҪĿɽ
ջʲôطС⣬һҪƹԳ͵ĿջСûôԽύƷҪϥȪ⾩ǵĴϣһž쿿ɽ仰ˡ
ǰλõ֤ݡ
ллƹԣ˸ղŶе£¡磬ȪĶͷȴʼ亹ֱղʱҪһЩ
ȻղŶƹ̬Ȳá
ϰĵĻԿʼ𣿡ֶЦҡҡͷ塣
һ㶣ϸֶɫǹղҳӵ˼æͷ˻֣ǣ
ȪظξȻݣȴһΪľʱ̡
ڣһжȥˡ
ȪԸӳӽǼﰲȫԼʼֶֶͬĹһ㣬Щ䳡ǶԷĵط
һһ飬ȷʵǲҶɣӿʼڡ
ﲻԶּǿջۿּǿջĹģͽʳ͵ţȪȻһ벻⡣
ס棬ȪȻëס޵ļǮȻЩߣ˵˳ſڵһ飬û£ȪҲֻǾţһëȻҲûʲô顣
ѳӰٺãֶϰ˸ɫƳĵһȫ̶ţ˺ٶȴһֱſڡ
֮ǰͬǣֶˣŶ޵ĺò衣
ԭȻֶˣͣ°빦áƽȻûſڴϰߣּǿջ̧ۣ˵ҲаһϾύּǿջҲӵں˹ϵ
֮һ˳ɫҲתڣۿͿҪŹرյʱֶԶԶģƥͷХ


542 Ŀ
ٵֶ̲סɨ˹ȥһʱסˡ
ƥͷϣΪ׵һλǸˣҰ׵ĳ룬Ƶݣһ۱˾СݺĽУҲ˺ɣλǸӣֶڰصʵǿԿǿ˳˵ʵԲ
ͷĸͷϣһ꣬ʮģʲҲһλµŮӣݣĻ޶ˡ
λֶȫʶ
콣ڶʣǼĪԼһѦ硣
ͷһ콣𾴵ĳϣƢõó档򶼸᰼ܣҲͬ
ֶüͷ΢΢һʱ֮䣬벻ףô˽⣬̩Ȼûи͵ĵŶԣƲص콣ڣ˭Ҳ׼ᰶ̩ҲӦԴһɱᰶȫֶ
ףƹ񣡡
ȻҲŶڵֶϲ¶Щȡ
ʦ򣡡
ĪѦ¶ϲɫôҲû뵽ֶȻڳſӭǡӣɲС
ˣʦôû
ѦЩֶ֪ɲӭǵġ
ſڣֶ˿벻ҲͲˡƢãĪѦֲΪУܳʲôԭ򣬶Ǻһ
߼Ҳ˳ſڣ͵һµĿһ˻֮ͣûһ㻺壬Ȼĺ
ϣ磬ôˣֶӭǰЦʡ
㲻ǵģѦ
ֶһЦֲ֪ʲôʱ˵ҵĲ²⣬ҲǲŶԡ
Ѧӷ̣ߺߵ˼񲻻ӭǹ
ЦѦʦˣ˭ҲӭֶЦųԸȻȥ׼׼Ʋ˶Ҫյģˮɱ
ϣͻȥţ֪λĪѦּǿջĹϵһӦŵ
⻹࣡Ѧһ·ӱһ£ԼЩˡ
ü˼ʾ
ʦ𣿡ĪѦ뿴ʡ
ֹأƹȻֶ
ҪԼֵĻСֶЦ
⡢ǿȾŽ׵ĸġһȻû뵽ּǿջֱû뵽ֶȻһʹдǡ
ԹõöкܣֶЦӯӯѣȻúöк̩û׼ͷ
סޣԼҿջȥּǿջӭ
⡭ж٣ѯʵͬһ㣬ûԼáңҲûѦҲáѦȻҲ츳ڵľӢӣѪëʵǿҲ޼¡
øֵڵϣҲͰˣҪǲֹһһԣڿҪҪӼϻ콣ڸľӢӷá
Ǽ׿ݰܵģʺϳʱ䴢档
Ž׸ģĪѦⱲӣŽ׸ģȴûгԹģƽṩż̳˵ģսʱҲֻǸʵǿĳͻƾǿʵ
֤࣬λʧֶûȷĴ𸴣ѦĪЩڣǲܸԵġʲͬƢٺãҲ콣ڽ̩ĶϣһжΪϡҪ˵ˣѱʲּǿջģȥ˹ᡣ
ּǿջչʵ콣ڵǰͲһңֶҲھ͸콣̫ĳͻּǿջڵʵȻ콣ڣȴûγѹԵƣ콣ڵڹûڵΣգǲЭġʱҪ˴ͻضﲻý콣ʼļң콣ڵʦʦã֣֮ˡ
̫ˣηҪҾ˵һܵõٺôѦֵ㵸ϴεּǿջ˲ٸı߽ڵʵ˴α̩ǰʺĪ˹ģధʦ峤ϣ峤˵Űϡ
⻹ûǣĺôͳˣôܽԼӢ䡣
ĪҲϲѦʵ˸δ֪ӢȸԾȴѦ١ֻĶѦһأ㵸ѡ
ֹ֪ƻѦĺ飬ȴֲò콣ڵΪϡ
зֵģӲ࣬ټϴϺͷ⹫ƺĳвԡֶ¶ЩǸ⣬˼ȷˣбͲ࣬ôҲܸ콣ӷãӶ˵ʵ
΢΢ͷʧ֮࣬ҲЩѦȻĵӣΪѪȱ㣬콣һƯãǳ۰ûбҪҲʧ
ʦȻǴģѦ糯ֶ˴ĴָϴֶĴԼãᰵʵͻͽΪ֤ݣҲһֱŲɣӡҲر̡
ǵȻҪȻôžͿԽӵǣֶòǫ˵϶ţҪɽɭתһȦÿζϱ
ţȻţѦЩĽĲͷȾŽ׵ĸĶϣƾ㣬;Բһĺˡ
ʺĪҲЩˣҪȻͲˡŽ׸ôƲΪһλҲڲ͵ˡ
ϣ磬룡ֶʾ֪ǹ϶ǳ˵ġ
ţѦȲĵͷҲܾûʦˡ
΢΢ף첽ŶǸֶ鷳ģȻҲûʲôѹ
ʰһ£ھչֶԸһǣ˲Ŷ
۹ⲻֶ˹ϵǳʵǷһõȻİǼһʡԵˡ
ʵûֶϵҲԲ顣ߣǲڴ󺺹ǼڲģǵȨΪǸס˷׷ͻ
ϰ֮ˣƢЩҪǶ飬׼صĳ춼ᷢѪĳͻԺġ
һ·ּǿջֶҲûʲôӿ͵ĹأֱӰ˴˺Ժ
ᰣпˡ
ѺԺĴŸϣֶɤӺһ
֨¶ϲ˳
ϣôǹ
Щôˣ֮ǰֶҲʹˣǲֶ֪ýֶ֦ڳȻҲ˵


543 
ʲô𻰣Ѧȴûǣ֪ι⣬Щʦ㣬ôʦһô뿴Ұ
֪ʲ𻰵ԭˣ漴ЦѦʦùܲ뿴˵Ѿܾûˡ
ԶԣҲôģԷʦ˵飬ҲŹѦЦ𿪵ǰʱ½һֱʦһ֡
УǾԡЦ
˵Ѧ֡
ᰲ⣬ӶˣЦŵͷ
ʯǰ£żҳֶȥȵˮһװ̹ᰲѦΪʲôҪˡ
ԭѦʦòǶӶùУԶñط꣬ʣ᰺ֶ뷨һǺòǻ鲻ȤһѦ硣
Ѧ粻Ǵҹ㣬ЩΣȴֺǺǵĻһҿɲʦ㣬Ÿǣûкöԡ
ˣְʯͷԼŵĸо
ᰣ˵½õһƵҩ䷽Ŀʮ֣ʺȻСѯʵ֪ûУ
ΪʲôˣȻѾλԼȹֻͻ㲻䷽ò֡
ƢáԵõĶϾͲͬˣҪ䷽˵ʹ콣һݣ㲻ڶϵϣҲþܾ
ȵ䷽֣Թ鷳Ҳ١
̣õǲ
һǣЦŵͷѾ׼һݣʲôʱҪҪ
ԥˣʮ䷽в߽ףȻ޷콣ڵʵ콣ڵĵȴž޴ߡʱգֻҪܹҵϣ콣ڵʵҲһ̨ס
Щ䷽콣ڶԣǼֵǡ
˵ʵ֣Ȼڡ룬ǿסˣôҲЩ̫ˣ˵ȥи˺ôߵġӻС£콣ڵļ̳ˣҪ콣ڵɣӶܾ콣ڵĻ콣ڵĴԷͬСɡ
ʦ㣬ֱӳԵ𣿡Ѧ׶ЩʲôҲûףעȫ档
ķʱ䲻һͿԡЦŻص
ŶѦ촽Щ˼ʦֻ죬ܲȳԣ
Ծͳ԰ɣЦʾ
ʦãûôأѦȲһһһȽں촽ԣҧһڣٰ촽ҧһڣ˽ų
Īĺ˹ȴ˼ڡѦ磬ӳȨ
֪ĪҲЩԣȴûж˵ʲôȻû̩ôأڹܲƣǲƵĺá
Ƭ̣еȰ£ٿʼ
ȵʰ꣬Ī磬һѽѦһҩЧ˷ѣһڣһڳֻѦҪѿһЩ
ȵȫ꣬Ҳ̫ˣӷȲҪҸطһԡ
һʱ䣬ϣҩЧȥæȻ֪˵˼ڵ
⻰õѦĪĲͷȴЩɣ뻹ǻͷ֪ᰳֶǱⲻ˵飬ֻ䷽ûеֶ֣֪ˣӶ֦
֮ΪĻᰲڣѾûı֤ᰰ콣ڵ濴ñֶҪ
ϣᰵֶ֪֮ǵˡ
ԴˣֶһǣӦԷ
䷽͵콣ȥֶԣõ䷽콣Ҳ޷ʱڸ׳ֻ̩һָԵĵѡȵּǿջûֶ
ֻǲ콣ڵõ䷽̩ܹʦòݣ̩ģ̫ˣֻ콣ڵļҷ˵Դӽӵ콣ڵ֮Ѿֵķִ磬ܹٵ鷳ȻٵΪãϾִҲȫ֤콣ڵķ
Ƭ̣Ʋ׼׵֮󣬶һֶỴ̈߳˳
˵УʵѦҲڰصʵӦ˵ĽŲ֮ЩĸоУȴǿŰ˳
Ʋ˰ںãֶһһ˾ơ
һ٣Ȼ£еϽȥеôʱõ䷽еô̩ϸڡûʲôͻԵҲԻ
߳ԱģһٷԵɫȫֶ֮Ը˰źÿͷһҹƽ
ڶһ磬ֶ᰾˫˫š
˺һȻĿеУȴ緹ߴ򿪷š
ѦʦãҪҪ½ȵֶȥͣѦ硣
Ѧ粻ͷһμ棬أ߽ױڵͻͽڰأȻҲǰһ¡
ʺĪЦʯ£һսģ
Ѧóһɫ齣ȵʦ㣬Сˣ
Цŵͷ罣ȻС
Ѧҽһţе齣ãһ趯ĺɫһڻӣ᰷ɳ۶ȥ
Ǻ
罣ȻֶɣǿƲĻ齣⡣һ죬Ѧ緭أ˲ϡ
ã
ĪȻվ𣬴кãһνǡô罣磬Ӱ޷׽
ᰣ벻ʵгǿ罣ٶȺɣԱϴθǿҲ̲סһ½Ҳ콣Ʒ鼼һʹν仯Ī⣬Ҳܿټȴ޷˲ܹƵ
أһȻ̧ͷᰡ
ᰣڴﵽʲôˣ
ھأ᰻ص
ʲôʺĪȻվһĿᰡ
Ѧ籾ٹҲסˡ
ʽŵĿᰣðŷӦʵھأ˵Ѿﵽھˣ
ᰵͷһּǿջûзùĸ鵤ڵ£ĻſͻƵĳڡ
£¾Ϳ۷ǿߵУ
˾ˣʮͷ۷ǿߣֱӰʮ۷ǿٶļ¼ֱӸɲڽ¡
ڣʷ۷ǿߡ
Ҫȥ콣ڵضһԾΪ󺺹д֮ס
۷ǿߣһʮһֻжʮһ꣬ʵκҲҽֻҪ콣ڲȥҲᴥĵߣûĻ֮ڶס󺺹еĴš
һֱֶȻһЦ˵ķӦǳԤڡ


544 ǲܵ
ðΣʲȻָЩеĿϲֻЩŵĳϿ⡣
ѦĪֻΪ᰸еˣΪ˿ٵĴﵽھض𾪡ʣȫȫĿϲⱲӣ콣ڶȹ콣ھһС
콣Ц󺺹ʱǶǷЦֹ㵸Ѧ֪Ա
ᰣôģȻ츳ҪǿһЩҲÿ쵽̶ֳȲŶԡʵĴзһ̣ļص콣ڣȻóڴģݺݵ£÷ԲǧŶ֪콣ٳһš
ֶã˲ٸġЦŽ͵
ãٸģ
ЩסˣѸ͵ٶȣôĸ߽пܵģҪˣҲ̫һ㣬Ͳ̫ܡ֮£ǵõʲôᰵ츳Ȼøǿš
ʦ㣬ڵʵͻͽھأǵöٸ߽׸ĲУĪ಻ѣЩֹ
Ѧûôˣһʦ㣬ʦҵô߽׸ģôһ㰡Ĳģġҿ׵ʦá
ʧЦɸ֮󣬾͵ô̵ǳͻˡ
Ҳ㣬㵱߽׸Ǵײˣֶǲײ߽׸ģ߽׸ĶģܴۼһһҲֻ˵ķݣʱһ
ѦŶһϴŨŨʧ
ֶͣ׼ʱ˳ϡ㡢ӡһӦȫԳƵϷʢ
ʵ˼֮תƵֶϡǵãϴμֶʱֶҲһصʵҵģȻҲûٳԣ
̽Ƿǳòģʳһ£ֱѯʵֶڼˣ
أֶȵľ仰ֺܵڴһ
أ
ٶ˵۾Ҳһγ𺳡
ʮڰأһȻּʣԱͬʱ۷ǿ߻Ҫͬͬʱ󺺹ʵΪǿ۷ǿˡ
ʦ㣬ҲסּǿջòãѦһĿᰣ׶ֶͶˣּǿջˮ¥̨ȵ£ѾھأиҲûʲôҪ˷ݵģȻٲ
ǸĪһڼĿֶҲ
סöԣø飡ϣҲסһʱôЦŵ
Īͷ
ʳһ£ҡͷססһʱ䣬ѵһ˾ǣһʱҲӦáңæֻסһ졣
Ҳûǿ󣬵ͷʱ֪ͨһҺ׼䷽Ͷϡʦʦ棬Ƕּǿջס
ʴϲĿⲻֶղ֮Գɣ콣ڵĵӿɲԹסԭȻǺѦĪԭһΪ˰סֶǣеõô
ھأòŸġֶڰأͽ׵ĸۣ߽׵ġҵ֮󣬲鲻Ҳòˡ콣ںᰵĹϵֶֻûʲôҪ͸ĵѣҵ٣󲿷ֶñ콣ڡ
ֺ£ǰ棬ǾԲŹġἰҪֶܹͷӦȻܾ
ֶķӦϲޱȣ콣ڵĵּǿջסӭ֮
ǡƹչˡʺ䣬Ϊֶʱı⣬ջһѻ
ӦõģֶЦָָеͣڵϣ磬Ͱɣ
ϲ̵ĵͷʣ˶ЩƮƮȻĸо
콣ڵļ̳˴ﵽھأºа۷ǿСһǣԸڵľӢṩʵĸ߽׸ġ
ֱӵ춨콣ڵڶ޿ɱǿ
ʿԤ콣ڵδһ۷ǿһȺͬᣬʵǿĳɡ
ϣİӡֶЦŽһӸ˵ϡ
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оᰳһ£ҡͷ˵ͺԼͻȻ̥֮ǣؼУ£Ժһһľ·ܸܵǵ˼ϸ΢ĵط
ô棿ֶ࣬۷ǿߵڴһ֡
ᰵͷ˼·ϸһ£üͷȻһ塣
˹ˣ
ܿ죬ֶҲӦˡţԺǽԾʮˡ
ˣ
ֶüͷҲ۷ǿеĴϲӣͷͷּǿջĴڸˣɲ뱻̽Ӵ
Ӧòǣˣһ͹ˡҡͷңЩôҲ̽ӣǡ
С͵ֶϸϸһӦ̲סεʵС͵ò˵ǰ˰ɣ
ʲôˣᰲ
ʱң˵ջȺˣϽ˵⣬ҽ취̽ʲô⣬û뵽ֶЦȻôҲǰǵæǵã͵Ҽˣʱ򡣡
˼ֲ֪ǡЦЦڵȻõǵʱ򣬶ҲӦá
ô֪õǵʱ򣿡ֶٸоȣּǿջ飬᰻ȫⷽ棬Ϊٳ֣ǵòδ˵
֪ˡ᰽үӺͷǰˣȴЩԥûʲôôǲġ
ֶ˴Ĵָ
ô죿ѯʵطţҼǵ˵ջӣʶϣСʵĶϡ
ȿǲ͵ɣֶڵһȺߣȱӲŶԡʱȼҲô˹ֲǸ˰ҡ
ᰵͷӿʱ˵ǰһ޵֡ͨˣڵߣһƹض޷ﻹʯʯԱ߻ˡ
˵Ĺʵ׵С͵ǺܿСĴٶ׵Ժӣһŷǰ
ֶһ˹оŸŮУǶʮͷ͡Ϊһʵǿء˸ʵһص֮䡣
ʵֶǰֻǻӻ־͵ȥףһɲЩ˵ŴŵӵʣǷеţΪľӢǰ϶飬ͷǸʸΪŵľӢӡ
ôõģͷ꿴һźשľǽüͷûϵﲢûôԣ
ֶֻǼһЩשǽɶµġ
ʦ֣ȻﲻǸǻȥɣһŮȻ
ҿջ⣬ܲǸΪʦֵЩҿӦҿջƹΪģʲôûӡãһգװױǡ
Цִƹ񣬳Ĺˡ
ֶȴЩˬһգ⣬øмµ߲٣ЩˣҲҼҸȾȼɾԲų˼ҰյĻ˵գһҲ̫ݡ
һԣ˼ʧԣ˹鰸Ϊֻ֮ҪûǷ׽ߵĸʾȻ֮ġµĹأΪľǸеĨڣڰá
Ǵ󺺹ĸͬҲŵĸǵĵӣͨİաˣŵָʾһ㶼취һ鵽˭ǺȺ֮Ȼö֮ҲѾϰߡԣҪȼĻֻҸȡǧ˰ӣɵģֽעԼݺ͹黹ڡ⣬Ҳͬµʱ򣬾Ⱦȼʲô˵顣
ȫҰգЩˣҺٳ֡ϾȻûٲеĳ򣬵ûв͸ǽ£ͬ˺׼
˵ǣռ˵ˣ㣡ֶ˱ʦֵĺ棬һ˵ֻȡǧӣˣ㶪ˣǶˡ
ôһûλ췴ʦŤͷȥ
ʦ֣ҪȡӣױǵŸϡŮٶȿǻǡ
£˵㣡ģھͿߡʦɨʦʦǡ
ĬȻȻʲô뿪ɣһٿڷ


549 ڲì
ۿû˷ʦţһ̽
һʧ
Ȼûˣ
һŷӣѲȥûаӰȻЩ䵱УҲ֮
һ䣬ѷһ̳ڶвٵĶͷͷţ᰺ֶټôҲѧγһ֣۷ǿߣ񲻿̽鵽ǵĴڡ
ö˶˵ԷζУֲǴңȻ÷ô̳֣ҲǴƱĵطԴʦֶԣͺô
ʵ֪һŷ棬û۾ķ䡣ұߵһȦȻûʲôޡڶС԰ȴвٸ߽׸ġǵȻԷĵĲͬѰ֮
һ߽ģ²֪ǸģȴҲǼֵǷһּʮֻ꣬ҪҵȷһƱ
ϧȦС԰ᰲõͬ赲̽ĹЧң۷ǿ̽Ҳ޷
ǰ˽׻۷ǿ߽Ҳٸֻ뻨ѲٵľС
Ȼûˣʦ֣ǻȥɣŮٶ
Ľѩ˵ٶҲûáڣӾӡ֮ǰԷ漴
ɽҵ£ٲ졣ʦַ֮ЦŽĽѩʦõĽʦãõԺʦȥĳׯƥϵȵĳСȻȥЩ鱦Σ֤Ϊ󺺹Ưˡ
û˴ǻնЩ䳡
ʦȻѾϰߣҲû̫⣬ó齣ŷ쵱У΢΢һžһ˨
һƣ֨¶
ֶվȥӣԱ֤λʦһǮҲ͵ּǿջĺԺǲŲ˽
漴Ҳվһ䣬ڶԵȻʧ
λҹݷãû֪ͨһˣ̫ðɣֶ
ȻȴȺʵ׵С͵ˡ
һˣһȻתʮֶˡаգ˵Ͱעŵˣȴû룬ټĵطô෿䣬տյûһˣ˱ضˣʱܻ
ðţе֮¡ɽֶ᰹˹֣ε⣬ͷ׾ݣžȾȼλȻҲмʶˣͨڡ
˴ʦֶָ˿ûľͱץеļ֮⣬Ҳæ֣϶ЩΣиǺʱûдϺ´Ϻڽ
Ҳ٣ȼ£Ҳֶƶ̨óǧƱϣֵӲ࣬ϣλ
ɽ˿ãϸ֪صġҪץɾͶûˡ
һǧʦֽ˫ͫɨƱ֮ĿֶϴЦ򷨽л𣿡
ֶ΢΢üִƶ̨óǧƱ档
⡭ɽֹȴ֪˵ЩʲôʵڶˡеŵľӢӣȻΪЩթ飬ԳȥǶˣҲøɨء
Ҳϰ֮ˣң䵱ƺвƱʦֵĿ⣬ȴЩ̰Ķֶָͭ䡣
ҪֶЦһ䣬λʦִף۷ǿѾܲˬˣ̵ڣȫΪ
Ҳеߵġ
Ѵó򡭡ʦֻ˻е齣ߵҿʶһߵʵ룬Ӧûûмʶߵʵɣ
̫ˡɽȵλ̨㲻֪лҲͰˣ̰Ĳ㡣ƷôʸΪһ
ǳʱ÷ǳֶΣż̳˶붮һ仰룬ӦûɣʦֽЦҲǣ㲻ǸӢӶѣֽż̳˵ĵô
ǳʱڣ㲻ȱӹԺͶĳǷǳʱڣɽһ١ٶѾܾˡ
̣˵̣ʲôЦ飬мһ˵Ŷ԰ɣΪҲ֪ڴĽʦõ⣬㣬ĽʦѾӦ޸ˣҪǿͬΪʦֵܵķϣƤϳȥˡ
㡭ɽ޻˵
ʦ֣ĽʦֻǴӦŲż޸ɣһ䲻һ䡣
ҵ츳Ż׾ٵ飿м
˶ûʲô˵ˣ⻰Ҳȷʵ޿ɷΪ츳ȷʵߵ̶ֳȣΪţ޻˵
óûУעٶֶ
Ҫֶѯʵ
ٲҶǲû˻׬ûˣӿ򲻻ͷ
㻹ɱ˲ɣɽŭʵ
Ϊʲôңûɱ𣿡ʵ
ֻɱɽˣɽͨգһûɱһû˹
£ΪŵӣͿɱˣֻ㵨Сѡ
ʦ֣ʦ֣ʦ㣬ʦܡɽһ飬ˣǻʲôϣƷп𣿡
ѲɣţȻʡ
û˻ش𣬲ɽ⣬ǽ⣬û˻ش
ð죬ɽ֮Ϊʦֵ̾˿εʦܣ˭Ķ峤ǰУҲǡ
ɽ߿Ҳ
ʦ֣˰ɣתͷ򽭻ڵҪӣ취Ǿǣǵʵûӡ
ûӣɽɼģЦǶˣҶ𡣸οжӣһǧǧһ
ˣթˣɽʵ
˵һ飬ʦֺģھͿ뿪û˻㡣ͷ
⻰һٶձҲͬûٳԷ
ҵޣҵģǳеǸʧۿֶ̹ǣҹ˾֮ʣйɭȻζ
Ҳɱˡɽ̲ס˵һ䣬ڷһ䣬ڽһ仰
Զ˰죬ֶͷˡȺˣҲǶֻ̰֮ͷĴʦˣвѵĿԣò
ԣֶ룬ܿűλʦֵ츳ֲڳְһȺӢͳϣܹš
ЩӻĶǵУ϶ŵĸ飬ֻλʦֵ츳ԳеڵΣ˲ò
ֶЦЦ֣ϵĽָȡ򽭻


550 
ʶ࣡
ֽסָһ
ֶЦ֮󣬿ɱ̫ʧˡңüסҵĶ˭ʸ񿴵ġԺ󣬺Ҳһܹܵġ
мһЦʮͷˣ׵СҲţбʵǿġ
ָ̽УϵĲмЩӲ
ӿٶȳŽָ̽˹ȥȻ̧ͷֳ߳ŭ顣
ⴢ䣬Ǽٵģ㾹ȻһٵĴƭң
Ҫָģ˵Ǵ䣿ֶЦſ򽭻ЦУһЩΪ֪ĺ
ôĹ
һе齣Ȼ̳
ŲһţԾ𣬽ֱֶָࡣ
ɽһţҲٷԾȻŽĺץ
͡
һ񲼱ɽץȴȥƲ
ͷɽżһ棬ǷӶ
ֶ˿ɽ׷Īò۾֮ʱ΢΢һ£ͬײͭǽڣɳȥٶȣʱ죬ʱ͡
䣡
һ죬ݺڵ棬໽л
ɽ˫ۣΣĿ¶ɫģǶΧ
һаѽˣͽһǲֶʵϾף츳ǿĵӶţż©ģҲܻῪջæƴ
˭ҳӵоȴԾǿմȡ
ֶƣŽŶ
ʱ㲻ܿƣֶƷ˹ȥ
˴󺧣ţһ֮̽£Ȼ֣ԭֶʵѾﵽ޷̽ĳ̶ȡ
Ҳ˵ҲȽظһ硣
벻ͨǿʵΪʲôܵҿջʵѾǰüٵġۿͬС㳯ֶƷ˹ȥһó齣֪ôźá
ô˵ǵĴʦ֣ؽŵĹؼǲӲ֪ҲϡϾܻţȫųƴͳģΪģҲǸؽš
ƫƫȣʵںƤֶ֡
̨飬ҵžȼҲȲѡɽ˵Ϊպ޽ˣȴҲǷӦһ
һץסĺֶЦŶס˫ֵ۾׼𣿡
𡢱ɱң㣬ɱң࣬ĵҡҴˣҲԣǹۣϹҵĹۡ
ɽһץסģֶҲȥ
ҲţҪأ÷죿ֶһЦӿ˽ľе;ȴͣ
̨֡۲ʶ̩ɽҵĴҸоֶ˼֣ΪãǫҲ̧𣬳˹ȥ
ֶһɣžһڵء
ŵӣֶĿɽ˵ɨ
ɽ沿ģ˭Ҳֶ
˵һż̳ˣŵӣҲԲ˲ҲһֱڻɽÿǲԵУҪȻôᵽû죬ͱƽľǱס
Ҵ̨Ҵ̨ͷԻǲģۿȷʵãֶ֪ûȫΣգҲ˼֣ٶҲԼӿ˲١
ɱ㣿һԼ˫֣ɣסùġֶȵ
ҹ͹л̨ϲֶ޵ҧгݣȴҲ֪úǰ仰һɣһֲ©Ժſڹ
ɽĿȻԼż̳ˣ
һֱٹ˺Ժɽ˲ŴĻлָһֶ֣ȴ֪˵ʲôҪǹǲôģҪǴҲ֣ƺҲûС
ɱιеĻֶԲУǧͬʦֵһ
ֶͣЦ
ɽһ㬣ٶȹ֡
дţ£ǡ
һ£ȣл̨½⡣
һĻ뽫ȫ˫ȣӶȥ
ôˡᰲ㲻뿪ջҪǣ˵ʳǰ
ﶼԺܰǴʦָܲ뷨ֶЦŵ룬Ӧòô뿪˵۷ǿߵУʱ˷棬ֵá
ᰵͷĿϵľƱ
˻Уʯ¡
ֶƱЦǺǵΪʷ۷ǿߵӣϣгһգܹΪʷϵһԽ۷ǿߴڵ
Ʊһ£һ֮ЦҡͷһϲΪһ
ҲУӶȲϣȥе㶪ˡֶЦһ
Ҳûڵҳɹ۷ǿУڿԽŽ;ŽںˣһҴƣҪʲôģ

ֶЩɣǲκĴڡھصʵȫ֮£ѾȾŽȵ۷ǿУű𽫾ŽںһľŽҲֻǿ
װɣֶ룬ܿ˾һˣҪĺΣǻˡ
ҪʲôĻףʵ
ҪףúܱԵ´ҪȻһ׳ţ컹˵һްҲڹȥЩײˡֶЦ弸֣ĳĳ˸ĳĳ֮ģɱϷǰ֡󡭡Ļɣ
᰿Цãǵ˷ֺľŽף㵱ǲ³Уֻ
岻֣дܿԣɱʲôúŪֶȻЩİƶɵ֭ɢ겻Ч
ԥһ£ͷ
УҼǵвپŽ׵ĲϣͿԿʼơ
ôϲ£ܲףһϣڶͿʼġֶЦȥ˻ΪֻʵȢΪأҪҶˣҲöˡ漸˵ҲвӣǺвٵطûйɣ
ղȺô죿ѯʵ
ǣӦòôŰɣֶһ£赭дŵʱҽһţȴһ¾ˡãҲûʹӦǣȫ˲Уһǲûл
ȫģ᰻ȻֶղŷŹʱ;Щ֣Ϊԭô
һ£᰻ͷֻһĻⲢ󡣶Թ֣вСȤģǸֶһ֡
ȾƣֶЦƱ
ǿգХʵǿֶǰȴֻȤĹЧʱʱٱߺȱģȻ⡣


551 ܾæ
磬ֶᰴӳϵĹһֹ꣬һ̤ջһƱӭǰ
ƹ½˵ǰԺп֮ǰµĿˡƵĻЩĪֶȴˣֶֹҲˡ
У֪ˣæɣ
ֶ˵ͷƶ̨ͳһڹ򵽵ĹŶƿһ߰һ߳Ժſȥ
ЦЦ
ǰԺһɨʯˡһһŮеĶʮͷ˵Ӣȴһ˵ĺһ۱øС
ŮҲǶʮңò𪣬һ˫۾ˮģйԼʡ٣˵Ůûš
ˣֶǰϼɽĽѩ
֡ƹ񡭡
ֶһ߰滨ƿһ߽дͷվ鶼Щ١Ȼƽһֱţᣬǰָ߸ûи׵Ĳ޸ǽӴһʱ֮ˣȴ֪ô
£ֶĵѯʵ
æͷɽ˹֣ڵƹǡ
İɣֶȴûиɽ˵ĻᣬڶһŹŶƿźԺȥ
˳һ£˽
ֶͻƿɨǰԺ˼ȴƮһ档
ǰԺԴ˴Ժ󣬴ĳӱԺҲյ徻˶ӣԽЩƷԣȻв㣬ϾǻĬ
ðǰᵽԺȥˣ
ֶж˾ǣҳ϶Ѿκ⣬ᵽԺȥסһЩҲòǣֻҪͷͷûûʲôĵطһǰԺˣҲ޷ŵǼÿյϰ似
㶨ʱ鷳ֶĽŲɣעȴƻ˻ƿ档
Ŷƿڵ̯ԵģܹҲŻһӣǵ۹⣬ȻҲԿŶƿҲ㳤Ҳͨͨ⻨ƿ״ȴֶܵϲϸϸɫҲΪڷڷϣһõ廨ͦиġ
Ұɣһ·ʯԣ᰿ֶеĻƿҲͦϲ⻨ƿΣֶͬ˼
ֶͷƿᰣȵ᰻طæѰʻʯ
ۿֶûҲûп˵Ĵ㣬ɽŵĽֻһ޸ǻ̩Ȼ֮˵һѣϾŵӣߣݱ޸ԣҪһءǰŵģǸ޸Żּܽ߸ŪڹƵ
ǸƹðһۿֶȷʵûпڵĴ㣬ɽӴóһСľУϣڵССҳݣƹܹЦɡ
ֶľеĸӣᳯһչ¶ģһسĿݻɫľͷ
ӦϴľɣֶʶĲ࣬ȴ󺺹ǲֵһᣬϴľֺڲ׵ʱһڱ֡
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ֶ֪ɽ˵ᣬľеĸӺԺὫľгɽƻЩС£òôص񡣡
ɽ֣ϴľֵƣȷʵ˵㣬ɸǵȴţһëҲ㲻ϡ
£ֶʵ
ģʦûȥԺһƹʵǷضɽֹĽǣֶͱʵضиʵ˵ʦʦ˵۷ǿߣҲϵǿߣҪȻҲ̲ôʵǿͽܳ
Ҫ˵ֶæʦϣΪԼڵĿɽ֮ʱæӦŵֻ̽ҪڵλãԴֻ̫࣬СŵĻ԰κεˡҲ͵ڣķսõٰʣµ¸ãŽָտɴ
ضиʦֶͷԣȻһɽĻ
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ֶҡͷ赭дûȤ
ƹ񡭡ɽ˼ˡ
ƹԸڣǿԱ֤ԺһƹΪǿĹˣõŵĵطضǡҪռһЩģҲһƹĿ
ûȤֶĻشһֻһ䣺伢Ҳᡣ
֪ƹôſϴӦɽδݣ׷ʵ
ܼ򵥣óһСŰԴֶڣǽǸˣôǲֵġҪ˵֮ÿôҺαذǣԼȥŲǸã
ɽĬȻֶ˵ҪԺԼȥšһô࣬벻õĿԺΪ浹򣬷ˡ
ƹûһͨڵ𣿡ĽѩСѯʵ
ûУֶĴն
ǡ
ȻǶǿͷԲľӢӣ£ǻۣҲ޷֮
Ȼˣƹ񣬸ǣ
ɽ̾˿
ƹ񡭡Ľѩˡ
취ɣıģţǴƹλãҲӦġɽȰ
ĽѩɬһЦĬĬͷ
תȴδװϴľľиߣֶΪĵ˵ͷڵǵϴľ
תɽֵЩƹ¡
̫һ㡣οǻó񣬺ܴԭΪܰǰɣֶЦ
ɽδϣͷóȷʵƹְæԭ򣬵鱾ƹʵһʵҲءϾǴʦֻƹɱģƹҪز¶Ļضƹɱǵʵɱǵɣȴûг֣Ź˴ʦ֣˵һϴľЩ˵󡣡
ҾͲˣ
ֶЦŽľ£֮κζ
ɽ̾˿˹֣ת뿪


552 
ȵɽ뿪ֶ漴վ
һ·᰷䣬ǻƿѾڷϡƿڣһõɫųѤĹʡ
ôѯʵ
ֶͷɫ׸ġΪװΣκεطЩּǿջֻǾţһëѡ
ȻҲԼĲ÷ǳ⣬ЦЦƬ̣ʵ̸ôˣ
ԣǾܾˡҪҲѾ׵֣ʣµģˡֶЦ
ᰵͷ
ȥ׼緹ѽһ¡ֶֺǺǵ磬ȥֹ䡣ҾãԺŪ軨ſ϶̹
У
æ򵽵Ĺ棬Ȼֶȥ緹
緹ٶȳţȴƾٷɳۣһ·߽˴á
ڹ̨
һ˲̽һ½Ҷɽˣ뿪ּǿջ취סֶ֮˲ۻغԺȻ٣ƾǿʵٶڸݶɳ
ʱֶ֣ض֮ʱȻںԺ˲ʱ䡣
Ϣˣֶʵ
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Ѿȫģȥˣû뵽һ壬֮ǰһתصƹ񣬾ȻԸְæˡ
ʦ֣ؽˡ
ĽѩԽ˵ɽϣʡ
ɽҸԣֲֻ֪ŲУλʦʦǣЦͬµ⣬á
޹ʣæΰɣʱ˻Ǯϣû˴ĽǴʦ֣ʲô¶ӶܣĽʦãǶѾͷԣ뿪κԺҴȥҵĺõطﵽǸ߽׸ġʱգҶÿ
ɽһЦڵƹõˣĽʦãλʦֵܣǹȥɣ
ͷšСһʦܻͷ۽Цʵʦ֣ȥȥ
ȥȻȥؽҵôܹȥʦܣҹȥæͷ
СʦһץסĽףź˹ȥ
췴Ǵʦ֣ǿڵļ̳С
һԴײżϣʹûκȥѵʦܣֻʱ䰧ʹ
Ժֶʯϵûãɽ˿첽˹
ƹ֮ǰĻ˼ǡɽֶ֣һڼ
ڣԸʲôֶۣѯʵ
õֶ׿֤ʵɽ˲ɴϲסеļ֮󣬺úһƾɽΪڵ֮ڣǿϽµԴƹгһǲڣڲԸɳͬĳϷƹĶҩ
ɽҲǿڵļ̳ˣ£Ӧ档ûʸҲܴڡƹ̸һôҲûУģԸ˳ɵԴҪƹԸųҲУұ֤ԺһЧƹţǡ
죡ɽȻȵ
죬Ϊʲô죿ŶԡеƹɽˣˣȫҰģǣǵʱ϶ᷴҧһڡԸ¶ҩһԷЧƹÿڵΪʦүģһƹĹƹҾԲ
ֶЦЦûὭҲûȷ𸴣ڵŰɣ
ɽסˣЩ޷ڡ
ԶԶԣţƹΪģԸѿڵ䷽ǿڵİ˽鼼ʮҲеƹҶģ¿ɼ
ɽңѽʦܣɫѿ˼㡣
ˣ˫ȭգԽɱģȴֲҳֶ֣أŪø㡣
ģҲҪǿڵ䷽鼼ֶȻţضֲģãҪģұ֤ǿڽʱڲõڣܼʲô룿
˿ֽٺĸо
ǿǷֽܣǷǣֶһ֮䡣ֽҪһЩϾܵõڵ䷽鼼
ѡǣɣλƹĻ壬ȫΪųְǡ
˵뷨Ҳû̫ƫΨһ©˵ģֶȫвѡǡһҪԭǾǽֻ߱ǰ˸ǡ
˵ֶͿۣĽڵ鼼䷽Լںܸı꣬Ͳֵһᡣ
ƹ˼ǰ֮ڣǿǿеĻɽһ֮󿪿ѯʵ
ǰǣûйǣҡֶ˼ûȤһԶҶˡ
֪ƹڵʵɽֹǰᣬǶܽܣڵķͺܺãش󣬷Ͳȥšԥģֶʵ
ڰػصʵǾûʲôÿǵġһʮ׼ǿߣմﵽ߰زѡһ߰صǿߣ㹻ΪڵĻˡ
ھأֶ
˿Ȼסˡ
ھأھأɽ
ֶȻһЦӿ˾֣Լ徹ƾշôҲ޷ơ
˰ɣֶһֱһӣڵأֶĿ⣬ľη
һԣͷתǰϣȻ˸ھصĳţңλŻǱǷֶʵЦ󺺹ˡ
ƹ񡭡ʵòǷ¶ҩɽɫŹ֣Ľֶ츳ҲϲʵԤڡ
ֶЦҡͷһݶҩһݱϣҲϲԼ󻼡˵һҪŴԴǰڻĻжûʲôԺ󣬻͵ðˡ
ɽĬȻǿԱ֤Լ֮겻ֶޣȴ޷֤߲̬Ͼһһ˵뷨
ϣòһˣʮɣֶ
˻ཻһɽֵƹ񣬳˰Դ⣬ҿԱ֤ǰ˸֮꣬ڳϵռ򽻻κޣضȫּǿջ
ϵ޾ˣңҲֻҪûеġֶЦռޣֲ߻͸ŹҪҾ͹ºҲٲǵĺô
ƹ񣬴лɽϥأ˷׷Ч¡ֶĴۣԶԶǵԤڣҪڣҲȫԿߵ
ˣڷ棬ǻʲôѴûУֶɽ˻һ
ʽڵַͽˡɽЩݡ
̸˻δ֪֮⣬ǰ˴ӦıҲֶ̫ͣԼ㣬㿪ڵЩҸǰˡּǿջס£Ժٹȥ֡
˵ĸмѾﵽ˵ʲôҲ޷ֺĳ̶ˡ
ҵҵǿջ֪ҵʵֶЦұܣûɣ
˲ҡͷɽɫƹģҲὫƹʵй
Ҳûص̶ֳȣ˵ˡֶĿ⣬һĻĽأ
ɱңƹ񣬱ɱҡʧɫ˫ҪԶһ㣬Ѿںڲøŵˡ
ƹϾǵͬţɽϣܵ뿪ٶ֡ɽĿ۽ε
ǰ˵ɱҵֶ֡ҡͷôô˵˵ˡ
ƹȣɽǱضϼӿܣ뷿Ű벽ԺҲһɽæ
УǻȥϢɣֵֶ
ɽǧлŽ뿪Ժ
ĿͰ߳Ժֶϣ̲סһĨЦݣѾһ롣ʣµһ룬Ҳˡ


557 
ɽûãֶãſڵ顣
ּǿջڵʵͲｨһСȻʲô¡ҵһ̸ֶҪټһ͸ȥ˴ɽѡʵĵطڡ
̣һ㶼ǸڵĿɽʦүＯ㹻ӣȻһľѡõĵַȥڡһСţͲ㹻ĻҲҪһҵʱſԽɡģǿ궼һܹɡ
ǧʵһصǿľĻȻֶԤڣһ㹻ˡ
ʱ˴Ϣڽˡʱ䣬ҲǳֶԤڣǰǰֻһµʱ䡣
죬ֶԴɽ˸ȥ˴ɽڳｨϵ¿ڣɽЩɻ᲻ֻǼľݣϾֻһµʱ䡣
ۼ֮ɽʶֶжˡǰСŵĹģ죬ҡر䳡ַһӦȫҶǼ̵ľʯɡ
֮⣬ռȻ̫㣬ֲ԰ֳűرĵطȴСѡַڼεĵطռշ
ǽ߰ɣɣ֣η
µĿڣɽˣҲκһ˿Ĳ֮
ʽھصֶҲ˳һչʾֶΣǰĸǱ˰ѿڶɱѿ״̬ͷ
һھصǿߣ԰ںɨˡûҸŵ鷳Ѿǵ£Ȼᷴͷȥҿڵ鷳
һͷϻͳЩֶ֪ǿֻн顣͵͵һ̽ɽʵȫŵȥˡ
ڶأʵҸϳҲֻҪȥҿڵ鷳ȻҲûھصѳְæ
ڵĳ֣ǶԣǶھӶѡ
ϲڣý̡
ʽɣֶɽ˿˼䣬ؿջ;Уϵͳʾڶ
ֶͣѸѡȡһ룬һѤɫתе̡
ֶ̣һ£ĬԼװ
ϲ׼̳ɹ
ʱֶͻһȾڵＱǴĳ£˲䱬˲γɡҲͬһʱ⵽һĪĳһ˲Ǵ˼ʮеʣҲ֮Ȼ޴档
ؼȻ磬ֶȻø˼֡
һУֻǶ̶һڷͻֶ㵲ѡ
ȵκηӦֶ˺ð죬Ȼһ
һӣ⣬һ˺ϱĲȻڿն
۷ǿߣ
ֶ̲ס˿ĭЩŪ׵׷ʲô飬ԼͻȻ֮ھԾĳһء
ѵạ̇̄
ֶҲԼͻȻس۷ǿߵı£ΨһԽ͵ģҲֻиոװḶ̌ʵĹЧ
ûκԥֶ̣Ĭԡ
̣װ󣬿һȽסֻ飩
ֶͫȻޱȡԭԵƣ̫Ҳ˵װһ磬һͷŽװͬһȽף˵ܱɳԽŽ޵Ĵڡ
һͷԽŽ׵ޣʵ۷ǿҲ޷⣿
ˣ
һֶܶĽʲôõԤڣһҩ䷽
ȴһκĽ̡
أֶ뵽һץĿԡ
ҪǴﵽĳھأٰװԼϣ񲻵ڣԳɹ볬Խ۷ǿߵУ
ָѣ۷ǿһ׷Ŀ꣬Ҳ۷ǿһҲ󼰵ĸ߶ȡ
ʵͣ͵ֶһʱ֮䶼Щɽڴﵽĳھ֮װǲǻôϾҲûĳ̶ȡ
̲ǿװҲװûдﵽ߲ʴĸ߶ȡ
ʵϣ̵ԵУ˽֮Ⲣûעûעʹûκơ
˰죬ֶǿԼŽ̸ĳھص۷ǿװ֮ͬáҪȻ޷ûעԭ򣬱˿Գܲܳ
ڽ̵ÿ߲ʴҪһֻ˵߲ʴֻ4ԶԶûдﵽԵļޡңƺҲһļֵ˭ҲĪϵ͡
ϾУֶҲֻ۷ǿߵСҪǷŵһͨ˵ֵ»ûٰʮҪ

˿ֶƽУʼŽ̵;ƽ˴򶷣ּǿջҲȱ۷ǿߣҪһͷԽ۷ǿߵҲ콣ڵʱãҪһֱװһͷŽ޵ϣô̫󡣶ңҪװϣ۷ǿǿʱøҲЧ
ֶͻȻ뵽˽̵ȥ

װ̺һȼһʵܿܶĻҲô񽭿̱ЩƷضҲһ
ѽװϣһڿڲšǶ٣ּǿջȻôޡ
Ψһ⣬ڽ̵İȫ
ֶüͷ΢壬̹ϵܷΪԽ۷ǿߵĴڣôĹҲðաҪȻʧ̫̫ڣᰣѽ̵κˡ
Խ۷ǿߣκη񣬳ᰣԶͷҲûаաϾͷ׷ģǳΪԽ۷ǿߵĴڡ
ʾ֭ôҲ벻͸ֶҲٶˣ⽱ѾȫȫԤڣ޷ּǿջҲ㲻ʲô
ƶ̨һţֶȫȻһ٣ʶԴ
ԴȻҲж·ʱ򣡡
ֶ̲סԳһǿջϵͳװջϵͳװֶֻѡװȡװ˾֪Ҳô
죬ѽջˡңװ֮ƺҲøˣһֱߣֻǼϰˡ
ʲôʱỵֻ́Ҫһͷʱذѽ̺İ󶨸ȡ֮ǰĵ鷳Ƕࡣ
ֶ󳩣ȰװԼϵĽ̸ȡ󶨣֮ȫ٣ȲĸּǿջĺϢѾ̲סҪһˡ
ھصǿߣٶȻҲƬ̵Ĺ򣬾಻ĳǽߵСһգּۣǿջĺԺ㵽
Ժֱֶᰵķ䣬ȴڰ;ͣ
ʯԣⲽʲô顣


558 
ֶƾճ֣һæСǰ
ƹ񣡡
ʲô£ֶѯʵ
ʮҶ¥ϰǣȫˣ˵ƹҪ̸ڵ
Ҫ̸ֶٸĪּǿջڸ󶥼¥ڵжԹϵʲôҪ̸
˵ּǿջһѣҪȻּǿջһڱضŴ󼪡Цرţ
뵽ʲôƻˡֶҲ̲סЦ
ͷҹƣƻӦòС󶥼¥ΪҪĴ̫󣬻ûдһ£Ծּǿջս
ӦúĲࡣֶȻ־¥ûصϢ
ûУ͵ܿǽ̸ģ͹ˡ
ģֶʵ
Ƕȥ2Űᡣص
Уȹȥкȥֶ
ԥһ£ת뿪
ֶᰵķǰ˼¡
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ôֶЦǺǵ
ᰵͷδʡ
Ǳ⣡ֶкһ
Ūֶ˼ȴҲûж룬Ѹ׷ǰ
գۼ䣬˱˳ţֶһտ޼ʵĲԭͣ
ȵ׷ϣֶδڣţڲԭϿɨ
ֶ϶ʲôҪҪ˵ųֶ񸲸ǷΧ㡣
үԲʮӦòˡƬ̣᰿ڵ
ֶͷȲĴƶ̨ọ́ǰ˻ΣЦ²ʲô
ʧЦ̣
ֶȻĬװװĶȴᰡ
һ룬ЦˣĿ΢罣Ȼ֡
ôˣֶ֪ʵ
ҵʵ޶˶Ծĳڶءһ߽䱸һ߻صҵٶȣڿջҲҪһҵʱܴﵽĳڶأ³ض졣
ֶЦٻ˻еḶ̌ײţžžવ
᰾ɵģ
ֶͷ赭дн̣µõģЧһ硣
һ磿Ȼϻô
Ӧ˵ֶ֪᰿϶û뵽ͻ۷ǿ߾緽ȥ콥ʹ̣ԴھһԾĳһأ۷ǿС
벻̣˶졭ᰵ۾˲Ŵô˵ĳھص۷ǿʹ̣ԳΪԽ۷ǿߵĴڣ
ֶ˴Ĵָ
ûĳھص۷ǿʹỵ́ԳΪԽ۷ǿߵĴڡ
⡢ôܣЩˣټʶ㣬ôּǿջĵطһʱ֮䣬ҲЩԽܡ
Ϊ۷ǿߣϰ֮ˣһ顣ΪԽ۷ǿߵĴڣ۷ǿһ顣
ÿʮ꣬мϰ֮˳ɹ۷ǿУŰ˿ڵĴ󺺹ԣţһëҪѣϾ˿
۷ǿ볬Խ۷ǿߵУ󺺹ǧʷУһ˿󺺹֮ǰĳмصģҲͬһ˿
ʷϣܹﵽĳھصȻ࣬ȴҲûгֹĳھһոµľ磬Ѷ̫̫󣬱Ҫ߹ͨ˳Ϊ۷ǿߡ
˿ڣʮų۷ǿߡ۷ǿߣһܹԽ۷ǿߵĴڡ
ǧ۷ǿߵ˵ˣһҲûС
ͻȻ֮䣬ðһԽĳھ۷ǿԽ۷ǿߵĴڣᰲֶ֮ĶûֶĽ졣
ϾֶԽſջϵͳͶܹܡ˵̣ܹ˲ɱʮ˵ҲšΪ֪ȷʵ
϶̣ĳھص۷ǿ߳ΪԽ۷ǿߵĴڣã᰻ЩŵĿֶ
ûԹȻܰٷְٿ϶ٷ֮˾ʮӦò⣡ֶЦ
ᰳ˿ֶеḶ̌ĸо۷ǿ޷ľ磬ͻȻл᳢ˣִʷĸоΪ۷ǿߣ
̵ֶݸᰣЦ漸죬죬ҵðѽ̷ŵϡ̣˿ʵ֮⣬ĿڲźͻǣӦҲһ
ϣ᰽ӹֹ̣
̿Բ⣬Ӧøһ㡣ȡʱԡֶ͵
᰻Ȼͷֶ֪еĴǼٵģһĿռ䵱С
߰ɣղŻң˵󶥼¥ϰǶˣҵùȥֶڵ
ᰵͷ룬ǽµݻֶ̹ϵ̫󣬷ڴ䵱У³⡣
ֶҡͷʱ䳤˿ܳ⣬ʱûʲôϵ
ᰳһ£ͷ̷봢䵱СֶĶȷʵмĺģңǸŽʦҲ뿴̵УǷƾ˹Чġ˵оһЩ֮ϲϾֻһֶˡ֮󣬱ض˭Ҳһ˳ΪԽ۷ǿߵĴڡ
պỵֶ́˲٣ûôԶ֪ᰵ뷨Ҳ̫⡣Ҫгһգ˶ĳھأȻͻƵԽ۷ǿߵĴڣʱᰵ츳ض򣬾ͻȻԾĳһأĳڵľҲ˲ٸ򣬶ھͻƵĳһأض᰸򵽳Խ۷ǿߵľ磬ٻعͷͻƣضҲвСİ
ƾԼ츳볬Խ۷ǿߵĴڣŽʦһȽף˵ƳƾΪĵҩһø˳ΪԽ۷ǿߵĴڡ
ٲУԼȽ볬Խ۷ǿߵĴڣȻ󷴹ǿͻƣкշڣõ߻ħټᰵ츳ͬҲвСͻƿܡ
οּǿջˣֶţԺ󻹻档֮ڣ϶٣ջȼҲڽûбȽ̵Ĳװ
˵ᰵĿǣǶġ
˺ܿصջ᰻طȲһ߽׻Ȼо̡ôȻֶгó̵ԭһģΪ˷ͷͷ
ǲŶͷͷ̣ϵʵ̫̫
һߣֶ첽ãľݣһ·¥ᡣ
󣬾ֱֵĵڶᣬ̧ö˼¡
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ֶ̧۳ɨ£󶥼¥ϰΧڴԲϣ˵ЦƸû˭ţֻ˭


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·ϣֶѾ⣬ø󶥼¥ϰǳԸӡ
Ҫ̫䵭ˣ԰Щ˶ŭգضӾǵĴֵʱ䡣ҪǷԴ⣬ΪϸļƻҲܸ㶨ּǿջӶƻ
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ֶ뷨Щ¥ҵľͷǣͬǱ뷨ġǵ̬ȣҲװġܳΪ޸ĸ֮ĸֲЦص˼ҵĵͷǰװүԭġ
һʮҶ¥ϰǣȷʵּǿջƹֶЩװôԭ򡣶ҲǻôҪԭʱѾãλƹ
ֻаƹ»£ܱƵæҵĸҶ¥ǸҶ¥ķѾ޴۶ּǿջһ
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ƹλǷ־¥ϰϰ壡λѬ¥ϰϰ壬λҵ¥ϰϰ塭һֶܡ
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ּǿջĹȷʵСջĻƣӴջּ֤ͣǿջܹƶˣȴֶõø󶥼¥вСĸƣں͸󶥼¥棬ȴ̫
ȻòСͬСֵĵطڣתͶ־¥Ļԭÿһӡ󶥼¥ϰǣȴԸҧӵۡ
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ô뱨һʹӶѣֶ̬ȣȴͻȻ֣ԭλƹҲȫֻòѡ
˼ѳӸЦ˽Ҳǰˣװǻ任ɫκ˶ó
Դ֮ɫֶֹƹ񡭡
ͿˣװеֶЦЦҡͷλϰ嵹ƣǿͣɱ˿ˡ
ͷƺ
ԸʧҲȻλƹ񣬱ϾҲǼʶϽ飬ҲһʶͷԶûУضڲǻʱҪȻֻͽЦϣø󶥼¥ϰǿߣ˻ǽǡ
иУº취ɿһضֶĸԽԽ
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벻ףּǿջƹֶεºܣ⵽Ļ֮󣬲Թ취ȥ֤Լס
Ȼ²ֶǴʮҶ¥һƭġƫƫּһСʯͷֶı⡣벻ǣһСʯͷֶǰΪ۷ǿ˾޴ףּǿջ۷ǿ˾޴ס
ϺݺһͨеŭԹһЩ֮һ֣ԭ·ء
⵱ѾˡŽ޲ԼҶˡ˵ҲԼȣƭҲǻá˵û֤ݣ֤ݣҲȰӡ
ҲȻֻдʡɵӲǰȥȻҲʱԹ˻ȥţٹ죬һܹһ
ʲôĻϲ޴ʧʲôЩʱġɣּǿջ£ضƲҵֻ˵ֻˡҪӲȥضֻҵһ·ѡ
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Ϧ£ҹĻԺУֻͺƥ࣬ųһյ½
ϣ˳񣬿첽һֻ·Ǭʵ
˳Ĳ£ǬʵԣѮĻ
ˣ¸񶼳缸꣬޷׾ٵ顣
Ǭʵᴷ±ϵϣ¶һĨΡ
˳æڳһ֣Ǭʵ۵ıôһֲǰҲûЪţڵϲϣһС˳֪ǱǰǿˡһһУĪη֡
ˣͷԺͿˣΪ˵С¾ͻǸնˡǬʵߵ
ôĹȻ뷨С˳Ӱ뷨˸һúýѵһ١˳޷޲ƽ
ǬʵЦЦûгԺǳ⡣˳켺λС͸ԼС̫࣬Ҳûʱպûˣһ֣Ҳ㾡һӵ
Ͷһ·ǰԺŲỺȴʼ˱ҵľ롣
ãҹĻƵǰס¥źˮ֮󣬲δشҹСܵǰԺÿķ䡣
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˭˵ˣû²ŵ𣿡˳һ䡣
ңֶеһϡֶ͵
˵Ͼˡ˳ȵ
ɣǬʵۻֹס˳
֨¶ֶɨ۷䣬˳ԽԽ̬Ǭʵۣز©Ļ֮⣬ˡ
ϣðˡֶ˹֡
󵨣Ȼ֪ðҹ۾˳ȵ
ֶûдţǬʵҲûֵɣ
лϴֶһ䣬󷽷ȥǵ˳üۣȴ޴
²ƹʲôްæģ˵ɣǬʵ۵ȻһЦ
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Ǭʵ۵ͷʾֶ
ֶԵİѸ󶥼¥Ƴ͹˵һ飬Цּǿջһʮ壬죬ʮҶ¥ôţļƻֶûˣֻܹһѡ
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ǾͰóƾϵ֣ʲôʮҶ¥ǿǮׯҲû˸Ҹ⡣˳õϣܹŻϸѲɣ㻹ûͬⲻɣֱִ֮ˣôСĵ뷨
ϣóֶЦֶã
󵨣⻰˳ҵ˺ǳֶɣüһɣֶָٶ𣺡㾹ӻ
ǬʵѹѹƣһЦݵƹҪǲҲãӻɡþ֮ټĽɽĪΪʮҾ¥ƾʲô޵һϸ£ܹռϷ磿
ֶòָϵֱȲʮҶ¥Ƴ͹ɣָȫѹơֶ͵
⻹һ˳ߺߵϵ֣Ȼ¥޷ȫѹƣⲻӻʲô
Ǭʵͬеĵ˵ͷ
ϾãҰһóʮҶ¥ͻЪҵֶʵ
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ӢֶЦŹάһ䡣
οǬʵζĿֶЦƹҲڵģгһռݺȥ־ͱһĲֵɣ
ֶδڣ˳Ȼϣͣضꡣ
Ǭʵۻ˻ֹס˳ҡͷʹǾ֮ҲвֻءⶫҲףΨһȨĶ
ϾȣֶأͬĻֶαĻһ䡣
˳ߺһûж
ƹôõģǬʵ׷ʵ
Ȼֶصͷ
벻ƹҲմȾ֮ǬʵۺȻЦ
ֶЩŪǬʵ۵̬ȡĸأǲأ
˵˵ҪôæǬʵЦƬֶ̣
ֶϣڹؼʱּǿջ¶¶棬Ȼһˡֶã˻شͣ١
޿ɲ춼ŵġǬʵ۲ÿɷ
ؼʱ򣬿Ҳһ£Ҳ˵һ춼ǹؼʱ򡣡ֶڵ
׼Ǭʵľϵ
ֶлϣֶˡ
Ҳˣ˳ƹ񣡡Ǭʵۻֵ
˳Ĳ鲻Ըֶһ֣߰ɣ
ֶЦת߳Ťͷ֮ʣ˳Ȼһüʹ˸ɫ


568 
˳ɫֶ΢ݣȻ뵽ʲô
޲ˣֶ첽뿪ȡ
˳ֽŹرգǬʵۣϣҲ̫ôˣ֣ϸ͡Ҳ룬ʲôˣÿմ鶼Ǿ춯صĴ£ʱһСջīʱ䡣
ֶţǬʵ۾һֱŵкͰЦݣȻʧ
մ޿ͣ͸֪ǧܽǬʵ۵
˳˸飬æͷּ
޷ˣǬʵ۰˫̧
˳æһ·СܣǬʵԣ¾ޡ
һߣֶصԺֱ
У˫̧ټĵ¯ƾ·һܣֱס¯ĵײյ÷һɫ
ʼˣֶϲ
᰻ͷ
һƿƻ棬һſ罣Ȼ֡
󣬸ָĺڵг֣ٷ罣ŷ뵽¯С
һ˳Ļʱˡ᰿ڵ
ֶͷ׼һ죬ټʱܳɹƳһ¯ҩһǾŽ鵤ٶȣھŽʦУҲǿġ
һգգĹעŵ¯ĺڵı仯ʱֶ֮Ȼһ
˳ˣҳȥһˣ
ᰲԲעȫ棬Ž鵤ŽʦʵҲͬıһܾܿͻᵼ¼ɵ򣬰װ̣һ¯Ķĺڵ
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⣬˳߹·ߣֶķ䡣
ȵ˳ֶ߽һ䡣
˳һӿ˽Ųı䷽ֱֶ
ƹǬʵۣˡ
ֶμǬʵۣĸоǣǬʵࡣΪˣ˳ſڵɫһʱΣС
˳Ŀף֤Ĳ²⡣
ôֶ֣ѯʵ
󣡡˳ҧǬʵۣԸƹΣ¶˾Ҫһν
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ϸƻڻ֪ҵĲ²⣬Ӧ޻ּǿջ˳ƹ̬ȣҾ;죬û뵽Ȼˡ
Ŵô޻ֶ׷ʵ
ƹȥһ䣬ɻȥ͸֪ǧܴǡ˳͵⽭ǧߣǰþ˰൯̰֤ȷ䡣ǬʵһֱѹȻܽ϶Ǵýǧּǿջ
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ֶͷ
ʱضƹ֡˳ŷƹʦȳԺǬʵȨ̽ƹ飬յڶζʱԺ󣬿ԴŻֱʵΪǬʵߵĻУҲλ۷ǿߣضһٽּǿջ
뷨ֶߵ
˳ƹҿ뿪һӡ̫ܵӰ죬ҸʿֻҪǧ߲ϣǲ׷ͷϵġһֻҪ뿪ּǿջɵõǬʵҲỳ̬ȡ
ٿǿǡֶͷ˳ֹЦģ֣Ҳʵֻֿڸͻҵʵѹһֻܾˡ
Ǭʵ۵ߣλ۷ǿߣֻҪԹλ۷ǿߣȫҵ㹻λ۷ǿ߳֡˳ƹʦ˫ȭѵ֣ο󵽵ж۷ǿ˭֪룬ǬʵľĿ϶
ҵ۷ǿߣҲ١ֶЦҡͷû£Ҳûô͸ʲôͻģʱ䡣
ʱ䣬Ҳϲ̫ˡ˳Ц
Ǭʵ۵壿ֶѯʵ
˳ͷûĻҲһҵʱ䡣ôϣһ󣬾ûжƹ֣Ҳᶯ֡
ȷһҵʱ䣿ֶ̲ס׷ˣϢԣ̫Ҫˡ
ڿ֪Ǭʵ۵ĵһʱ䣬ֻҪܹƳɹƾҲּǿջһЩ츳ǿ̿Ļ۷ǿߵˡ
ʮʮ۷ǿߣټһĸǿߣֶţʵҲ޷⡣
ǰǣÿ߲ʴޣ߲ʴֹܱЧ˳ͷо̫ҽҩһʱ䣬ûĻҶᳬһ¡
ֶ˸ָ̲ס޵ϢԼֵ𡣡
ܰﵽƹͺã˳ĵֵܡ˳ֶֹƷ̲סõֶһεĳŵ빬̫迪ʼһҧţΪ˼ˡ
ھѾٺˣڣѾһŵĵӡֶڵٳǾŵˣֻҪûʲôİѱλʵ۾鵽ǵݣ붯ǣҲ˼ɻ᲻ŵĲ
лƹ˳ضͿأǡ˳ϲȻûϵֶôѾǰְļ˸źˡ
ʲô⡭ֶһ£ǰѵĻʽ˶ȥ˳İ̫̫Ѿ˳˶ٶµĳ̶ȡ
ֶ񣬻Ǹ˳ʱ˳ܲӹһ٣Ϳֶ׼ֻǬʵۼ˳֮ʳ֣ܲϡ
Ͼ;ȣϣҲûþȡ
Ƥ򣬶
ʲô˳Ϊֶʲôֲÿڣظƹ񾡹˵Ҫ˳ǧУƹ˳ǧʹൽʲô̶ȣԲһüͷ
ûʲôֻСĵ㣬Ǭʵۿ˶ߡֶҡͷʣ˳Ըദǿҵʲô̶ȣΪ˲˳뷨ա
ף˳صͷ
ˣȥɣʲô֪ͨҡֶڵ
˳ͷתСȥ
ֶƬ̣ͷתص
¯УᰶȥĺڵУѾʼڻһ𡣸ɫҲӣγһֿɫɫɫ
ᰵĶͷѾڳЩ顣ֶޱȣȴ޷ֺֻվһԵţֺ֧


569 ͻƳɹ
ʱƣ¯еĺڵճճɫҲıţҲ𽥱С
ڣٽαɫ֮󣬵¯ײֻʣһճȻԾ
¯ײ棬ȻһͣɻܣԴ½ࡣ

˿ᰵϣɴһĨЦݡ
ԾճʼٵתһȦʮȦȦԽԽ죬ԽԽֶھضЩճתٶȡֻܿǱһճڲϾ£γһȭͷСԲֿ֮ʼ
飡
أԲȻѶڵ£γһСҩ衣
ϸϸһжʮš
ɹˣ
һ֣¯ʼ½ײĻ棬ҲȫϨ
ȵ¯ƽأ罣Уһת֮ýŶʮƾ˳
žžڶʮƾȫ׼õĴƿС
Ὣƿס᰽ƿֶѯʵͿʼ
ӹƿֶвһ󼤵Ӧ󶥼¥Ƴ͹ɼ٣ǿżѯʵҵ츳Ҫʱͻƣ
䷽صҩЧ㣬ӦҪʮʱ䡣᰽͵
ʮ졭ֶһ£һҧھͿʼ
Уȥ֪ͨүӡᰵͷ
˳ţȥöͷķţֶ̧˷ķš
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үӣƾѾƳˡ᰿ڵ
֨һͷķŴ򿪣ķҲſڡ
СӣٹþܸͷƽƽˣоôͷЦſֶ
ܼڣҲܸүӺͷǰһڷЩԼϲԵĶŲŲűźˡֶЦ
ͷ٩ֶȻִƹĿڲźͼвСĳɳһڣܷ٩Ƕɢּǿջүˡ
ʧЦǰ۷ǿУų֣ʲôǰҪȻΪԼҲ۷ǿˣͲǷ
ⲻͷ̲ס˴Ĵָ
ֶǵֱתطӲĻֻԼԽԽڲָöʮ˸ղ˵Ļ
ص䣬ľϥ£ͷһ֣֨¹ϡ
СӣסˣһͻƣҪȻͣٵĻͻо޴Ӱ졣ͷһ֮ЦſᰡѾͷȼ
ûлش𣬶ǴӴ䵱УóӨ͸ľƱ
ʯ£᰸˵ƣżһ
ֶϥ˼Σƿóοƿһƾ
˼ΣһҧֶϵƾУٽƿƶ̨С
һڽƾ븹Уδȴãƾθܽ⡣һɹ뵽ֶľУϴһֱ֮Ĵԡ
һĸоڴεɢֶֻˬĿ£Ҳй˵
ûгֳ쵱Уֶܿӿ뵽С
űӳɣƾϴӹһ龭еٶȣһ֮һܻص
ع鵤е˲ʱһС˿
һγɣ죬졭ӣʼԽÿһν뵽õ΢΢ٳھеԺֶֻڷƾ֮ǰʱҪһЩ
һ죬죬졭ֶ֪ƣĿھУһδεӣȻÿһӵٵüԺԲƣǧȴϡܹõѾȷƾ֮ǰҲ
ʱɿ죬ԽֶҲԽܡ
һ;ڷǱزٵģ̫ڷˣҪ㹻;С
ȫעһʱףͨһ̾ͿҪȫעһ죬ӵд˲ſˣߣͨ˸Ͳܡ
һ첻Զ޷ԿտҲĶӣһ첻ˮǻͨ㲵ͬʱҲ޷ܡߣʱЩ
죬㲻߿̤ľˡ˵ȫע֧ܲȥ첻ˮҲῪʼ
ʮ죬ǿͬܡ
ھʱֶҪȫעѾʼˡ
ڸһϵ޷Եܣ飬ʼƾһţܸܰѹסʱƣҲڲϼǿֶȴڲϼ
Ժʯԣ˵ɫѾʼǵ񣬳˹۲Ƿе֮⣬ֳһֶ嵱У鿴Ľȡ
ֶ״̬һҲ׹ؼʱ̣Ѿˡ
ܷɹ۷ǿУͿֶǿʲô̶ȡ
ϣСܹһγɹͷ̲סݺݹһƣû˭ͽܣֶʼ鼼ļ̳ˣĴˡֶҪܹڲʮ۷ǿУҲй⣬ǰҲ̧ͷͦصȥΪʦү
Ҫ޷һγɹӰƾڶηõҩЧֻͣѶȽȵһθܷͻƵ۷ǿУ¾ûôˡ
һܣȭգͷӽţȴҲֶ
ֶǾʯضܿ˷ҲǴضľֶڱӵǿ߲еתڱ۷ǿת
Ҫͻƴ󾳽磬ͻƵ۷ǿߣݲ˿ƫֶڷҲг󾳽硣
ҿҲܣС츳̫ȻҲгΪ۷ǿߵĻܲڣͷ˳Ϊһաｷһ䣬ֶܷ۷ǿУ˵УһȴҲ˵У᰸ֶܹɹͻƵһ
ֶĶͷѾ££Ҳ𽥱ˮʪ
üͷԽԽܵĸоѾֶľԽԽԼСҲ᰼ŵһ趴жܹų
Ĺߣϱ仯šֶ飬ҲڲϵıţƵʣҲ𽥼Ӵ󡣿˫ۣʼսƾ;ﵽʲô̶ȣһʼղйƾһ;ĵߣ⵽֮󣬻ܼš
ʱ֣أֶѾʼٲ壬Ȼһ١
ȻվУϲ֮ɫͷؽ̳£˿ϣЦݻӣ滺
ֶȻ˫ۣͫУⱩ䡣ǿ޷ƥеϢ
ȵȻһŹĻޱ޼ʵĵУӿ
棬趯
Ժһŷӣɵ߿ʼ
Сӣҵ꣬ôû뵽ķйһ¡ŲϷŷӣͷ̲ס̾һ䡣


570 쾳
һססס
ԺŷӣߣµԽԽܼٶȣȴûκֹͣļ
綦ͷԣֶķйһ¡
ȳ޾ֶҪҪһʵЩйеļ顣
ֶϥľϣڵޱٶӿƾŷ˿ûôӰ죬ԼЩ
Ψһģ֪ƾʵŷӷɵߡ
ʮסʮסʮס
ۿ˰ףͷ̲סȵСӣͣȻĻҳҲ޷֤׹;Уӻ᲻ķѡʱ򣬷ƣɶˤǱ
᰺ͷҪö࣬ᰣЦԡ
˵۷ǿڳֶٸߵĵطҲƽƽȰסû۷ǿڳֶָٶȺ۷ǿߺʵҲȫܹصһ˲׹ĳ
εȥٻˤ۷ǿߣͲܴڡ
ססİסһֶ϶е£ǧңߵѾʣ޼ʯ壬Ҳһɶòƽ
һֱǧףڣһŵķӣͣ
󣬼ٳŵ׹¡
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ԶͷʵҪ֤ŷ׹;вκһʯ岻ܿƵĵѣҪ֤ÿ䲻׹;ѿȴϼѡ
ֶʵͷҪ߳౶ֶֻƷգס·ˡҪ֤׹;вѿڻҪ׹ٶȣѶȣͬ౶
ǧףͷЩסˣвϸֶû£Ҳ֮ǰǰ㲻ƴ۵ӿǿʼȫ׹ٶȡ
䷿ӵǽںݶܿѷ죬ѷ죬ʱƣԽԽ֮󣬱㷢չΪʱп̮ĳ̶ȡ
ֶеڼҲľϣ˿ûⲻϿѵǽںͷʧں
ֱֻʣףеָ˲٣ֶŷֳС԰ס
ӿ;ȴȻһתջ˵ﵱС
һĨ⣬ֶ˫ۣȻΧһУ˲Ϣ㱻ų⡣壬񣬺ܿ㴦һ״̬
״ֶ̬·ԼѾΪһ塣
·˵ͫȻŴֶ״ȻҲ
СӣڸʲôͷţָæҲͰˣȻһܲˣ˲òֳЩעصһֹ׹̬ȡ
òᡭȻͷӿ뵽ͷĵﵱУѸٸͷںϡ
ѾͷڸʲôڸҵںϣĻʵǿʵͷе
оͷĵڵڲų⣬᰼ֶ츳츳ȴڲ
츳ڲͷһЩ˵ܿܶ쾳򣿡
صͷ
ͷ¶ϲʼٶȲƴ۵ӿʲôģѾȫ׵ԺֶҪֻܹеһʦү򵽵쾳ԼΪʦүԸ
˵ǽʵıԴǿʵҲԥĵͷӦ˵ʲôҲƴ÷գܵĸֶ㹻ʱ䡣
һԣԥһ£ͷһ࣬һƳ˶ͷҼϣӿ뵽ͷĵﵱк󣬲붦ͷںϡ
ŷӣһ׵İգ
ǺҹΣɾǼĺ䶯
ֶκһжѾȫʧȥ˸оֻһоԼںϣںϡ
ãһ̣һֶ˫
ؼ䣬ۼֶȥ
̼䣬ֶֻЩĵȻӯ
һֻ֣Щŷӣȴ
ˣͷɴ۾Щ̽鵽
飡
һ죬ŷأײ£˲ʱļ̮
˿̣ȴû˹㣬˽ֶڵķ䡣
ֶŶһ̣ͷֻȻѹ
СӣȻͷУ
ͷϲĿһӿѹȻʧеȴҲڲϽͣ˿ûмļ
쾳쾳
ͷϲֶ̽ĵϲԽ
ֶĵٶȣ٣
ֶջֵĵ˵ͷ赭д̫ĻؼּϡȻүӱǲһءүӵʵʹҿԿؼҲɰܻ񡣡
ȻȻ쾳ͷ಻ѣ߶쾳֮⣬֪˵Щʲôͷеļˡ
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ҫӡǲ޴󿤣̻󣬻ͨԽԽ꣬ϰɵÿ׼СЦ
ҪǲˣԽԽͬҲǸ鷳֪˵ô⣬ЩεּǿջǸ޵׶ٶӽȥּǿջչһܳŤתǬİ취ǼôƣҲƲɣ
ּǿջȷʵãҾͲţһֱȥλ֪ĿɨǬʵѾʱ޶࣬ݱڼ
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Ȼǰ˵ʵңνļݱڼҲ̫ܳʱ䡣ҪĻ԰ϵҵ
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ȥжҲеһͬķգȴҲͬ͡Ͼ˭Ҳ޷֤ܹԼҾ¥ĹСѧͽͼֹǡ
ϰ壬ʧ棬֪ʲôʱͳƽˣѯʵ
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ȻҲ˵ʱ˳ȥ˳ȥԺͬʧСȫ˵ϣȴѡ
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Ӻ賽ӣΪ㿼ǡ
񣬻λ֮Уʵ̳лλģֻʣ̫ӡӡ㡣ӵĶϰߣһ̵ģܿʵһ̫ӡ
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˰ԵĶԣٳ˵Ǵ󺺹һΪ
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˵ٳⶾķҲǰٳ㡣ֻðٳĻ꣬ƳҩȥͿԽ̡
ٳ㼫ϡ٣Ҫõٳ㣬ǵõֵİٳ㣬ȻϺ˵ͷϡ
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ֶּ԰ſվһ죬ȥĶţëģһ춼ûһ
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ȵּ԰󺺹Ѵ󺺹صοҲּǿջÿֶɣּǿջϰټټҲû㹻ʳͺס͡
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Ȼ֮ԼԺԲƣԭڽֻ˯ߵʵֶʮͷӣңҪּ԰
߲ʴϴֶǬʵԺ弶ӵԣֶԤڵһǿԸּǿջ
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粢ûй꣬³һ봺ĵһ졣ǬʵٵЧɴ۷壬ּǿջգҪһЩʮʳͣôۡ
Ȼ۲ֶ֪顣෴ܽʮطٵﾩǵĵ죬ֶӵ˳ͳϢϢϸЩطٵԼǱɵͽּǿջʱ䡣
ˣһֶţȫ̲̽нּǿջʳ͡ס͡ڼּǿջʱ֣ʮλط٣һ©Ԥʱ뵽ּǿջС
ȵ˵룬һӣСܽ˺ԺǬʵ۵ļƻʼˡ
ƻĵһȺŹ
ʳͷڽǣһ˱򣬱˵УиƷ֪ұñһϢ
ִ£ʳǾܵһɶּǿջǬʵۿ֪飬ʳǸۻ˷ּǿջץ߿ʾȺŹķΧ˫ǵĿڴ룬ʳǷִָ֪˭Ҳû뿪Ĵ㣬ܿͰΧǬʵɹĵطǣһȺСǵһ޵ָţԷ˻ײǱĵط
֣ǵҩγɵģЩطٵУҲ޲һ˵ĵҩһ£кҩЧʧ
Ʒ֪򣬶һϢִ£ֶǬʵţҲԵСֶҲȷʵôġ
ȵԺֶһ𷵻شá
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ںŽطȺԽĳźżȥǬʵ۵ļƻֶ룬ײĳ˱õȻ˲


585 ҹּǿջ
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ȵ˰;ֶȺʱʮطѾֶγɺΧһǰ̵ĳֶ˹ȥ
ۿһͦظӶֱ۳ԼײֶܣɶԷؿڳԼֱײ
ȻһеĵҩǰȻʧֱֶײĵطһҧǰһͦ
һ죬طһͻͫɢĳŵ̱ȥ
˱ιȥˣ˷ȥԺֶһ䡣
תһץűײĵط٣ӿٳźԺӿȥ
ڳֶĵطǣϲ׷׳˻ȥѾɣѾòǰȥˣȻĻˣּǿջĻɣӶ
ȻҲֻѣȥ֮󣬻Ӵ١ΪֹĴңǬʵ۲ûзܺƭǣԣȫɣֻҪ񣬼Ҿ첻һǶ̰īҲջءֶײһҾ컹ܹõƵʹ͡
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˭Ҳ֪ⳡ־Уң־绹ǸСı޷뵽ǣıǬʵġ
־磬ֶصԺ
ԺײĵطѾⶪڵϣʯϵȴֶĻ
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ҸڣֶҲûƵطһۡ
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ȥﵽھصĻȫϿȿջʱ׼֧Ԯֶ˼ȥһ˹ŻڣܲҵĴҪҵϻǵ׼һЩ߽׸˵˴ϣһʼ
ƹͻСҲֶǿջѾʮ۷ǿˣȵ֣еƾӦöڼжʮλ۷ǿߣھصǿ߸Ƕ٣ŵʵԸ󡣡
ֶЦҡͷһܶһְգϴûڣƣݶˡ
Уȥšٶԣֱš
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ߣֶڰƻУһߣǬʵҲͬڰƻСڵط˳ּǿջԺǰԺ״ּǿջƹֶɱ١
Ժǲֱӽܰӵģ۲鰸ΪǲŻ֡ȴͬ״ģǴܹ
ңλǬʵۡ
ǬʵۿɱŴƵö࣬޷Ǭʵۣ˵Ժˡ
Ժϱ󡣶ڵһʱɳ̽Ȼһ񡣱ɱĵط٣类ڡ
Ȼƺͷɲ飬Ҳûκμ׷ȥİ취ȣѵּǿջֹʳȻٲ龭
ʮԵյȻ˽˲٣ߣҲڷ˵طٵʬ塣
ʵ̽طٵȻѣٸݵʱΣܿȷ̶һ֣Ǭʵۡ
ĹأɱƷϹûԶ֣ҲͬԶıǬʵֵۣˡ
ôҲǬʵ϶ԣ񣬾ػǬʵۣڰǬʵ
ıԶֵֶԷŹǬʵ۵Ŀеֶ֪һ۷ǿʦ֮󣬵ɳּ̽ǿջʵ
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µһ賿׼׵ȷһʧԺּǿջӭʷһ֡
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Ҫ޷һ򾡣к󻼣ˮһգ߲ʴųΧ


586 ȫû
Ǭʵ۸¥ãըӺԺ
Ժ˫ʽ̱ӡ
棬ʮλ۷ǿߣӽϵǿߡʵνǿ
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ټϷᰣ˵ʵܹѹʮλ۷ǿߡ
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⵱УѰ֡
Ѱ۷ǿԺƾʵֶԸ߳Ķͷ֮⣬ּǿջ޵֣᰺ͷİҲͬް취
һ𣬽ϵǿ߸ʧ֮󣬳̱Ľ𵶣ȻӶȵЯź嫵ɱ뱩壬ŴͷԱɨʱǲ֫Ƴ𣬽âǵͬʱϵǿߣ㱻նȥʮˡ
ѰþŽɵϸ룬һ׹âԵԶ̱һȴ˿䣬ǳ̱յͬʱʮ˱ϸ봩
شǿȴδȴŶеļЪӿϡ
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Զ˰æԸЩϵǿߣֶڳר־ӦڶʱͻƵ۷ǿߡ
ѹ٣ֶȻȫΪԾ޷ڳλ۷ǿߣƾ޾겻ȴ׾ٵ顣
ܿ죬һսȦͷӻ۷ǿߵٶȣ᰺ͷȫѰ˵Ŀ϶ս˸൱˭Ҳκβ˶ԷҪֳʤ䲻ֶϸ궼⣬죬ȴʲôѶȡ
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ֻƬ̵Ĺƾ˼Ĭϣ˫ȻӴɲǣʤ֡ƿĳ֣Īٶȣ±仯˵Ľڶеò罭̱ѰͬҲǰ衣
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ԶԶıһʨӺһ۷ǿӿ
˱ͱֶ쾳ƵֻƴֵѹĻȥӦʨӺȻ⵽Ĺ˲ʱ˫һգ۷ǿߣ˹ȥ
һ룬е˵İֳǧƬ
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תۼ䣬۷ǿֻ߱ʣˡһѹֶ쾳ҲͬʱӴһ뻨һһȵǰĿɵһѾһǧƬ
ת۸ɵˣֶһֱ֣һ
˺˴ʵǿ۷ǿߣΪ׳ۺͿֲġ
ÿһײض죬ضХҲضһ޿ӡ
Ȼ˾÷˼ǣּǿջԺǽԼӣȴδˡ
ˣȻ˽ɱ˹ɱˣƻԷĲҵԭڣֶѾ˿ջķԡһԿּǿջķӼҾԺǽȫܵԵıֻзֵȫľܶЩˡ
ּǿջ9ɵʯѾﵽǧٿ飬ʯγɵķ˵ֻǼλ۷ǿ߼սһȺ۷ǿǿйּǿջʱҲ޷˵ּǿջֺ
н˵ļ룬ټ۷ǿ߲˫ǿһζƴףȵǬʵ߽Ժס¥סͺ͸Ǳѷ׷֮ʱսѾԺһƬǽ壬ּǿջʵᰵԺķһЩ֮⣬ûκˡ
һ·ǰУԺΣǬʵסˡ
˳Ҳ΢ţЩԼ۾ֶûѡӱܣʱʱ䣬Ѿ뵽ֶ϶ƾֵ̣ܹסĹƲŻˡôҲ벻ս𣬾Ȼڶ̶һӵʱֽˡ
˳Ȼӣȴ֪۷ǿ浽ŵĳ̶ȣսһѹԵʵֲʤҲǳ¡Ǽʮ·ֲʤҲʲô˾ȵ顣
һӣζһѹԵʵ
һƣеʬ嶼ź£ԶһˣҲּ֤ǿջȷʵռѹԵʵ
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󺺹ǧʷϣ󲢷ûΪʵȫûʱ򣬿ɳȥʮ۷ǿߺͽϵǿȴȫûʷĵһΡ
ֶ˻ôżǰǻ̫ңԶһ㡣ͷǵӰ첢󡣶ͷͷȴͬǸ˼ʮǵѹʹ۷ǿߵʵԾɴľη
۷ǿҲͬˣͬҲΨһܹвǵģֻǸҲΪֱӵġ
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Ȼû󵽵жλ۷ǿߣԲֹʮλҪȻһɽϵԸشˡɽϵ֣Ϊʷ󣬴󺺹ʷϣһ˱дΪʵشżս󺺹ߵټյĽȫûɱأûκܹ̽ĵߡ
ʣǲܾʹ˰ݵģֶҲûƾǼսʤȻ
ʮ۷ǿߺͽλϵǿߣȻ˵ǿθˣȴԲս
ǰԺϹסƭȥԺָϵջſڸ鿴ԵɵľǽšԺֶĿһ㵵ǬʵۣУһĨЦ


587 ޷ƽ
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Ǭʵ࣬ԶԡȻֻЩСϺ׹ʣּǿջʵ͹ˡ
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Ǭʵߣȴòֶףܲߣ˵˲㣬ƹ˵˲㡣ƹ˵ߣô󺺹ʵۣҲλ۷ǿߣȴҲ߲ˡ
սɱ˲ĸֺ۷ǿߣѾǸѽɱһʵۣҲûʲôԵġ
ذɣֶûΪǬʵۣȻһеԴǬʵۣˣѾûжʱûˣҲϾּǿջæ򲻹󣬱ɱй߻˵ùȥ󣬵ҲûҪϾɱǬʵۣ»ʺܿ⡣
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102030ջÿһиһԳּ֣ǿջ9ԣѾּǿջʵ֮ˣȨֶֶɣʱ϶Լ
úּǿջŬѾ󲿷ֵʱ棬гһͻĳھشﵽԽ۷ǿߵĴڣ;
һΪԽ۷ǿߵĴڣֶʵﵽʲôĳ̶ȣһ㣬㲻ޣҲԿԴﵽǧ֮á
ǧʱ䣬ּǿջٰʮ϶û⣬ӵİٰʮ棬ٻߵõҩ䷽ģɲʲôֵ顣
ֶ;͢棬ֻҪּǿջٻŪʲôģּǿջҲûҪˡ
ƹĺ⣬ˣǬʵ۶ЩֶĻ룬ҡͷף԰Ȼ뿪ּǿջܹͬʲôʱУõֶһŵ
뿴֣Ϳɣֶ֪Ǭʵڵʲôȴʲôû˵ûȤǬʵۼƽϣͬҲûȤǬʵİ
Ǭʵۻͷ˵һߡУνζӳ¡벻ּͨǿջΪʲôܹ󿹺⣬ڣ֪󲻻ʹգ̩Ȼ֮ĿԵֵǻǲôڵĲŶԡ
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ҪˣǼ£ּǿջͷչԶʧأȴܹ޴
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ԣ˳ͬҲоᡣԭ򣬺ǬʵһͬΪּǿջǷܹԿΪ͵ĹֻǬʵڴʤͬڴģּǿջʤλȻվһֵ֧ĶȴǽȻ෴ġ
˳ԣּǿջʵԽǿԽãܹͰĻĸĸֵܲܵõϣԲùŶزصӣֱ
ģ󺺹᲻˸Ǭʵλӻ᲻һŭ֮°ɱ֮ģ˿û̫խˣխֻװĸĸֵܡڣԼҲװ¡
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𺳣Ǭʵۺ˳γɣҲĿɿڴ޷Լ۾һСǬʵۣĪηС
ƣԺɨ󺺹ĴгЩ⣬뷨߸󺺹ʮþȵ顣ǬʵһǷƸһһ仰˵ضҡضı󺺹ͥһ衣Ⱳӣûκ޷ֵ飬һȥҲֻΪκ޷ֵ顣
ɽ죬ּǿջ󣬶Լ˵С
ѰϣԿˣңճǵصӶ˵ҪЩȫƤеļ飬Ѿ׵ȼ
ţѰĿ⣬ǰԺ飬г仹ϧ𣬶Ծ󲿷ֵҲǰԳĻǣȴѾûӦ
ģĿǣôƣӦҲڣ취Ϳջסɢȥֶ
ѰͷĿٶϷ
ķ֣ӦǾŽһЩͣǱض뱻᰺Ȼ֮Ҫô˻ҪȻֻǻϡȻĻǲǵƣᱻضߵϵ
ٵȵȣֶҡͷȻѾִˣȻһԽȥϣ˳ּǿջʵԺ󣬺ܻܿʹϢģʱ˱ܡ
ȻһĳԱսˣǵʧֶ֮֡ţܹǧ֮ãҳԱǺԼ˼ˣضżܵ
ƾеĵϱضҲأֶţܿʱ˱ܣȻпжõΧ
ҪѶȼӴˣңҲᵼּǿջⲻòʱжϡϾлȨⷽԶãִˣ֪Ժ󣬺ǲΪ˳Եþƺò˶ðո͢Ϊеġ
ʱּǿջɱʹѳ͢ˣʱҲͬ޷ı档
ֻһܣУгֲսʤʱЭһ㣬͸ͽ⡣ûУ԰ˣȻٸǬʵۺͽƽϢּǿջ췢顣
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Ϊˣֶڰоͼʶּǿջʵᰵǵ飬ȴġ
ּǿջּǿջֶֻһˣ۷ǿߵʵҲԱ֤ڲ֮ء
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ּǿջŽ󸲸ǣŽ޷ֶÿջϵͳ˻ǷԱּ֤ǿջµİȫңŽƣᰵټֶԲ̽ջͼҵԼķλȫԼٴʱ䡣
ᰵͷֶĻƶţֶ϶ʲôƾ̲Żˡ
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ԲֱܴʮסƺԴͷĿĴ˹ȥϷտյʲôҲûС
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ҿǿڣˣڳƸϷǹĿġ
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ʯƿٳŰշȥûصǰ£˲㼲ǧףǧֻΧɵĿԲд
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ǧֻһֶ̣ԼеСĵ̡ټȻɶԻȴҲлЩĽš
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½ٶȲ죬ȴ½;УϵļӴǿûһףĸоŵǿǹâڱø
Ǭʵۺ˳ߣֶȴװסǹţǿԲһԱһƳγɵġ
֮ԽԽԽԽгԽԽȾˣΪ֮Աڲϧ۽ͽС
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ԽԽϼǿ͵鼼˵磬ǶͷҲδšϾ˵ǲͬģܡң鼼;ȴܲζƵʱڣȻڵķֻмӴ͵Ҳͬͬһ㡣Ϊͬڣѧ鼼ˣ˶Եʱȫ˫ӴɲǣȫͷŶһ
ųɾϵ鼼Ҫ޵ģҲǸ߽鼼ȵͽ鼼ǿԭ֮һ߽鼼޸ߣҲ
ȻҲû޵鼼Щ鼼Բ͵ģ˱޴սԺ󣬶Ծ壬лСˣҪǣЩ鼼޷˵һ㡣
ţȴˡҲһ֤ˣǧĵ̣ǰġ
ȻҲǺٶȡŵӹɣٶȡ˵ֶЩ۷ǿߣֻҪڵߣ㹻ʱ롣
ţֻʺڶԷ޿ӣвʱ𵽾޴á
찡
˳ųϿջֱۣд˾ʧ롣ҲûȤǬʵ۵ŵҲܹ
Եֵġ
Ҫּǿջضҷ𣬵ʱĸĸֵ˭ȥչˣ
ǬʵһҰףȴ˳ҪࡣףѾϲòҲ˳ĺȡڣּ֪ǿջԺ󣬻᲻ǿתţԮҲǸ⡣
Ŵ󺺹ĻȨͻȨȴмĲࡣҪһЧҵǻȨǬʵ۱ˣٻʵۡ
񣬾Ǳ֤Ȩᱻ߸һʵֻۣλ۷ǿߣʲôҪΪ˵˷һвڵĻᣬͲһôˡ
Ļһʧأ󺺹ĻȨҲضܼĳһʵۣ»ʵĴڡʵ۴ŻȨеʱȴǻȨ
ΪˣǬʵ۲ףôҲͽ͡һУÿּǿջֵܷסš
ĵǬʵۻǲϣּǿջֵܹסģʱ޶࣬ѿúܵҲΪʱֶ֪սԭ
ּǿջֵסζţ󺺹Ǭʵ۵ϡ
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ʱһɾ˿ֲ汬ըХزգҲƺܵ˳΢΢ε
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Х쫷磬Ʒ˷ʯ棬ǧ֮Զ
ոձȰȥûãò統еľǣٶȷһ˫ţʧͬĩ٣ͷӬһĴҴܡ
ңŵּǿջ룬ʱҲ쫷ܿƽϢģֻһƬǽ壬ľҡ
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ÿһëĻӶγɾ޴磬һ۷ǿʵͣҲòֵ𵴡
ܿʷΨһһֻ볬Ž׾ȴ֧ԮĺŽǡ


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ҲǸɴ䣬һ֣һԱӰ˲ʧããҹɫСһصʬ壬㱼䣬·ʲôҲδ
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ͣǬʵ۵ԴҺģҲĳֶУԣһʱ֮侹޷ֶ˼
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Ǭʵ۲ɣ־ָȻҲֻ
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صĳɼǲġÿλĶ壬һһжȻֶΪĵȻûг֡ں뱩ֶ꣬óȻδѾ֪ʲôʱ򲻸úʲôʱ򲻸ñꡣ
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ʶƣ죬ȴڵһʱЦЦڵƹĵĻĳֻΪĸΡ
ֶЦųһԵ˻֣Ը˵һھ磬Ūǧ˰βĻȥľӣ
صͷԺȾƴ⣬顣
ҲǻУԱҲˡ
룡ʯԣֶ
ƹ룡æǫá
˫˫ֶվٶص̲סһ顣
ʦȻǱȲϵװ
صĸпЩ֪룬֪ôش
˶ǹŻڵ̳ˣαؼƽЩֶȻѲɣּǿջʵ£ǽҪôն𣿡
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һԣ˶壬Ȩأѡˣȥ׷ߵĶ
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ּǿջļ̳ˣֶѡˮ۷ǿҲ˼ֶڻᣬѹûŮӣȻǸõĹȡ
ּǿջСƹֶңˣŻȴضʹ顣
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һǿŲܵŵַͬҲ츳ڵĵӡ
ŶѡĵҪϸ񣬵ͬҲʦšһ۷ǿߵţһֻڰ˾صţǼġ
Ϊˣÿμֶ취һֶڹŻڵʶϧμ棬ֶൽ⡣
ǬʵһСĴ֮ͻȻǷ·תֶĿûҪּ̳ǿջĴ㡣
ֶͷڰǬʵۻܸ󶥼¥͹ɣ޿ɶҡԺȷĪĿ飬ƺŬ˺üĿ꣬ѾǴֿɼˡ
ڻԺֶһɽСĸо󺺹ĵˡ
صĲ²⣬ֶȷʵҼ̳ˡֻѡ˪һ˪ǾӪţ̶̼ʱûнκΰæӲ׬ӡӣϳǵطѾǷǳǰľ޸ˣ˪˼ʱѣǰỹʮ꣬ҲδѧԺѧҵ
˪ƹּǿջֶԼڴԸ꣬ţ˪ضʤּǿջӪñá
ǻӷˡ
ּǿջĻӺС԰Ȧԣ޷Ҽ̳ˣΪֶֻһ˿Կơⷽ棬ǵͨջϵͳȥټϻӳԱǾּǿջˣѹûʲô
ּǿջⷽ棬˪ɡӷ棬ֲ岻ּ֣ǿջƹѡֻ˪
ֻҪزּǿջĹϵֶȥ̳йŻڡ
ƹĳĳز֪˵ʲôԼˣۿּǿջ͸ŻڵĸԽԽãԤУõֶĳŵ˿
ֶ˼䣬᰺Ͷͷ˹
үӣûͷȴ׳ּǿջôһλæ
ͷ˵ͷŤͷֶСӣղźѾͷģ˵ּǿջ޵֣ͷȻȥһΪʦүȥȥ
ȻȥͷʦүҲֶʦүּǿջһҹ޵ˣͷȥʦүȻҲøȥ
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׼ƸǣȢᰣʵУټϳſԡҪȻǰǹؿɹȥֶЦǺǵ
ϼ˫գͷȴ˵ͷֶͬɡ
ʵֶһҪٵʮɡǣּǿջˡ
мʱ䣬ּǿջľֵԴﵽֵʱҲ֡ȵźˣгʱȥ콣ڡϾ׳ɹԺ󣬻кֶԼ̲סв԰ΣӶӻ˴ջʱ䡣
ջ⣬ֶԣȻѾٸʵͲҹȴǷܹΪԽ۷ǿߵĴڹ˹
ᰵ츳֮ﵽĳھز̫ѵ飬ֶȴûǸ츳츳ûиĿãоűӳɵĿͷеٶҲ۷ǿ߿һûʮʱ䣬ﵽĳڶءءءءһرһѣһرһʱࡣ
һ㣬иһͲˣֶûǳ롣
۷ǿߵһѾǼˡ
ڣֶпջϵͳ߲ʴ
ǿջϵͳ߲ʴӵʮ弶ӵӳԣǰ϶顣ֶҪģּǿջ߲ʴֱӳԳ֡
˵ּǿջ⣬ͬޱҪҲֶͬͽ⣬ͬǬʵۺͽԭ˷һʱ䡣
˹ֶǰԸ궼ͦˣҲʮʱ䡣
ˣּǿջҲȱһ۷ǿߣ飬һˡȻڵ
ֶЩ졣
ԣãã󺣣һֱĵطͷ
ֶһ£һȥɣøһȥɽˮ˵ּǿջȦƷ֡˵ǿԷµĹҡ
µĹңȻ
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ͷ᰺ͶͷҲ˲ٵڴ


593 ֵ
ҹḻ̌ÿţӵĳƷԲӲҹɫԵĽԪߡԪɢĽɫâͬſԾʥ⣬ӵҫɢ
ּǿջĳռӳɲٹǷӴɱλǣóԼǿı£һֹڴзһƳϴǻ档
һλһֺ֮ͬһ㣬˲װһո̵С
˵ļѼٶȣڳͺԺͷ
˰ٶŴԲϣ𽥿ʼ̵ռһʱѾκο϶ĵطԷ̵
һУֻλλλƵĻ
ǾĹģٻϲ˵ٶȣʣּǿջٴʷ
ȻʷԵЩ΢
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ּǿջڻȵĺУþ޷ͣЪ
һֱ峿ⳡΪˣλòϰʱȻȥæʱܻ԰ʱܶʼ
Ժܿ㱻ʰ׵ջĴţҲ׼ʱ򿪡
ͬǣջ֮󣬲δʳ͵š
ԴˣֶδϣԤϡ
ǵصĴ׹ذĿֲţͬһɫɽľ񡭡ּǿջΧľǣڼ֤һĻĻ޷ָ֮ˣ񲻼ˣҲûٳ֣ɽҲѾ뿪еȴʼ޷ȷϣ״Ƿ񻹻ٴγ֡
ּǿջԲʮټǨ㣬֣̿ҲʼǡּǿջϿյһĻͼӴ֮󱻾ÿһ֪
ϵٹ壬䣬Զﴫñʵǧٱδ֪ҥ£ֻڲϼӾ硣
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԰ǶԣԭҵùǳǱסգۼ䣬ŨŨļʡ
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ͨľǰգطİնҪԣ࣬ƽһʮ֮ңϷӵƤʹٰѹưҲ˲Ҳһǧӵҡ
ңŵƫƧĴׯѾԳƵϴˡȻһĪѣȴЩԭƫƧׯԳΪ󸻵˼ңתۼƫԶСسҲڴ󸻵Ĵڡ
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ʣǬʵ۵õһ룬ʯ档
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ּǿջоһͨҲܹݣͷܹ󵽻ǧֻ߽񣬵ֵסǧֻ߽񹥻ʯߡ
ҪֹߣֻҪܹ͢ץУɣ󺺹Ȩκܹҡ
˹ߣֵԳ͢ԣȻǱѰ˵͸ӣǬʵС
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ʥּһ˵ٹ;޸ˣͨҲͻȻ֮ףǬʵۺܿģĵû»˰ȹ̻λֶΣԼóˡ
ʵôģ֪˲࣬Щ֪ģȫԿ϶Ǭʵ۵飬ԸĴκιϵ
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ּǿջӱ󶥼¥ѹŴ򣬱˫ѷѽ⣬ٵƼԣ޴˶̶̵һʱ䡣
Ｋطּǿջķͷ̫󣬳ɳ̫죬׵ʯּǿջоģ͢ӦҲ֪ʯߡɱּǿջڣӦ顣
һ㣬󶥼¥ϰǣӲȥŵ»ʼλ粢δʧշ棬ٶһɡ
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ǳһֵڲϳұߵֵ
ӴĲ٣ٵ٣һ١
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кöҪˣֶ˷ܵĽ͵
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룬롭
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ò׽ֶ˼άҲļؼʣ֮ԺԾڡ
ߴƽֵ
ݲ⣬ֶͷԻָƽ֮֡
10ϵͳǣڴ󺺹ߵɽ嶥ˣһּǿջҪ֤½ּǿջⲻзֵƽ
̫ϸߴȻԿ϶ߵɽϣһǴ󺺹ɽ壬ңң޾Ĵ󺣵Ҳӵֱɽ壬Ҳ̫ˣⲻϵͳϰߡ
ֶ֪ϵͳ׵ʱͿɣѵĻҲֻ¡ںĻҵطͲһˣοֵطҲʲô⡣
ףֶ漴Ŷ


594 
ᰵķ䣬ֶȴδֱ񣬶ת䣬ڵķ䡣
÷ţûã֨һ˪Ŷ
ʮ꣬ǻĻʱڣ˪ȴһɫĳȹԵóޡÿÿ˪ֶЩ̲סɻ󵱳ò÷˪ʮǮȥ
úһȵøһɽһƻϺһ㣬ԱͨСĿ֡
ϧʵѳɣıҲѾˡֶʱ룬ǰ˪Ҳȥ̵ֻ֪ʲôģ
ֶѯʵ
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ϧЦݽǰСҲֶʱЩڣЩ˪ԭ
ЦһЦʮ٣ЦЦû˪Լһ˼׬ǮУҲ˪ʲô鶼ܱ侲Ը
пնſջ£øһδ˥һ㣬һδ˥Ժ˳Խ۷ǿߵĴڣҲ䲻ͷʱ򣬿Ķ˽ֶ̡Цѵ
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ǰ¶࣬ûǸʱ䡣Ժ϶ʱ䣬棿ֶЦ
˪ͷջʵѾﵽܵĳ̶ȡҪֻǴֶƶ棬ƺּǿջشߣִ¼ѡԤƣֶΨһּܹǿջ𵽳ģֻ»ʵǻһ㡣
Ǭʵڵ״̬»ʵǻ˵ðʱ䡣ֶܸһȥ棬һµֶ˼ûȫ굽ּǿջȥʱ춼еܰŮ飬˪ǾԲŹġ
Ǿô˵ˣʱ򣬵ץͷŽ׺ֶ˪ıע⣬
ҪСģɰģܹڼϵġǿԷȥҪɫкܶ֡˪ȻȭͷϽԼĿĳģ
ֶܣֻпЦݵأƯɰܴﵽҪ޼ʼС
ȻЦЦ󺺹޶ǧ֣ĺ޾͸ˣѱ͵ġοûУҸƵӦҲû⣬ҶûҾ˪ʧ
У֤ҵֶĴŰƱ
˪ʱһ㽣ôٳûһܹһ¡ԭ򣬾ųɾŶΪæ׬Ǯѳˡ
Ҫһֻݵأʱʱ棬ʱҲĸ߽ΪȱɿԵõֲ
ˣ˵¡ֶæȥ֪ͨһС˳ȥɽ壬˽ջǰò̫󣬺͸ֵĹģСѡĽַأԺ沼ȥˣѻȫ˹ȥæһ¾ͷȥջٶҪ죬Ժ֪ͨҡ
ںɽ嶥˽ջ˪ЩԺˣҪȥ콣ڣ͹ˣ·̣Ҳͺ飬񹻴һξ˲˰˾ǧǧȴԲ⣬Ҫѩ彨ջ
ΪţΪˡֶ֪ôˣԻ˻֣óϵȨԭ򲻺ýͣˡ
˪ֻͣ׷ʣεͷ
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ѩǴ󺺹ߵһɽ壬뵽ﶥˣڵǿҲЩѣǵ⣬ӳɵĿͷס޷浹ûа⣬̫ĸĸûʲô˪ңҪǰȫ档ǿջʵȻǿҲŹȥ󺺹ǿߺ۷ǿ¡ӳɵĿͷ͸߽׸ɵʳһҲ˳ˡ
ѩϣ⵹Ǹ⡣˪Ļֶɽ޳ûѩΪ󺺹ɽ壬߽޸洦ɼڵǿ߶һܹٷְٱ֤ƽϵ壬ڵߣȥֻһ·ѡ
ϵͳջƽֵ֮ϲСŰطĿ͹ͶȡɣвͨΨһİ취ҲֻȥջΪˣֶŻὫݸĳĺӳɡ
ҪﵽֵƽֵԴ󺺹ǿʲô¡ѵǣʱ̫ˡּǿջٴı£ҲܰϢڶʱڴ󺺹ң㴫󺺹ǿǲûûµʱͬ޷ѩ塣
Ψһİ취ֻǽҪڵߣĶڵ˶ܹϵջ
ֶĬĬƬ̣ͫһ
ϣһӰּͣǿջɽ°ŴӥÿһɽΪ˷ֹϸּ߽ǿջͬʱ۷ǿͬ
һκ˶ȥּǿջˡң۷ǿߣҲͬС˪ͷ۷ǿģȫ⡣
ʵ۷ǿ߶ּǿջĻϲ⣬ֶҲ˿Ϊ˾ﵽּǿջֻʱ˶ѡϵͳȻֶҲܹӲţȵԺͰѿջرա
ʱһɽֱּͨǿջɽ·ɽ·ٲһֵɽѵ⽫һԵõڰȫ棬ɳھصǿл۷ǿߣȥض󺺹϶ҲͲ˶١
ٵּǿջһЩŽ󣬾в۷ǿּǿջҰҲ߳ȥ
ٿƬ̣ȷûʲô©ֶ֮ڵЩССڿʼּǿջĵˣ
ģС˪֤ʧʮ֮ڣּǿջĴһȹ⻹ࡣ˪֣µ
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˪ͷֶ˼ҲԼԺô
ýĶѾãֶػ᰷䣬ȲŮֻȿջɣлǿ


595 п
ǧھصǿߴСãǷӣٶȻȥ
ʱ䣬ѩĶˣƵĵط㴣һռСĿջ
ػʮףȫѩ嶥ּǿջзֵ굱УģۣȴûκһҿԱ⣬ǾǵҲĪ
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ɽǴ󺺹һɽСŲһУǰʮĴţа˸ѩϡ
ѩϣжʮţʮţȫǴţʵһҲԽŵǰС콣ڣʮ֮һ
콣һǧĵ̣ҪûƲ۷ǿڶʮҴڣǿǿҲֻܽ׵С
ȻƲʮ۷ǿе콣ʮȻһԾΪѩɽʵΪۺš
ֱֶȥ콣ڻôһѯʵ콣ʮ꣬ȻƲּǿջ˲ٹϵҲڸƶ˵Ĺϵ콣ڣᰵӣǲɱѪɺӵġˣһȥ콣ڴչһѩĳ裬Ծʮڴ
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У첽ǰдһɨ䵱С
ܿ죬ּǿջĺԺ㼯ӥͻ괫Ӷӳֱһӣߺǧӥʵ߳һصĻǣչڷ
ʱּ֣ǿջĴɽ
ССģģţëĴܿɽŵļ𵴡
סޣĸ黨ܹ⸨黨ǾŽģǶڵǿҲͬżİ
ʳǸָĸĺڵһ׵ġ׵ġ׵ġӵ͵ߣӦоУֻҪ㹻Ҫж١
㣬óһҲûš׵İգϵƭĿ϶ҲࡣҪ֪װҲ֪ĴڣҲ׾ҲܿºֻҪ㹻иĹܹ
ҪôศģڷδţοôศģѸŸˡ
ǣּǿջûŪôЦʲô
ûţû˻ּǿջкġ
ɽ¼ҴŵӣһյϵĽǧֻӥǰѯʣ֪Ǵ˵İӰפ׳ŵӥ񱳡
ּǿջܿ˵һˡ
ջֻּǿջֵ϶΢ģͬҲһõĿʼһжּǿջڴдĶǻʵֻҪţϢȥ
һˣֶԽӴġͽſ˹ȥֶ֮ЦǺǵѯʵλӣԵʲôּǿջĸĺڵһʮ֣һ׵Ž׵ģȫС
ģ˺ɵĿֶԴӵӥǾ;ȥԺġ
Ȼģģǿջã˵ʲôطڵ꣬Ҳû˻ῪֶЦŵλò⣬ðһ䣬ǴһʲôľƲˣ
⡭Ϊһ˰Űɵֻһӡ
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һǧ
˽ӻ
ˣֶľ˼֣ԭΪϣ˲Ҳӣ벻ŵӾȻôǮ
ܳԵʲôΪ׵ŵѯʵ
룡ֶԴתƬ̣ڵҽ飬λӿһ¹һ쵥ݡһ޳һǹ֭
⡢ЩֻҪӣĿɿڴĿֶǶŵĵӣԸȻָƣ׸ġ
׸ģóһ֣Ҳֹӡ
ּǿջ¿ţŻݴǮֻʱһ롣⣬ȣһ¹Ǻƽ¥ǰźüʮּǿջ¹һֻһгƬáǮһǧӣŻݼӡһ¹ӣɣοּǿջ¹ֻƬĿǵõĶϣ֤ҩЧͬʱܰٳԲ塣ֶЦ
˻Ȼһ˷һ̲סƣߴֶϲˡֶ˵ô컨׹ҲǽŽɣ˸־Ʋ˵ԺǶּǿջʵԣеˡ
һ¹ǧӾܹ򵽡ȻǱּǿջǮһ࣬ĻһǧӵļǮҲ޲ɡĵļǮûоԵģߵȫĵĶѣԼҶĵ̶ȡ
һеõһ¹ûǧǲġҪǵõ¹ͼȥһȴôһ㣬ּǿջͼģͼּǿջȷʵġ
λԵƬֶ̣кһų߱ߺһƬ¹һ쵥ݣһ޳
ǰԺĳλʼæ


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Ʋ˵λá
кһ̵ֶó˵һԡ
쵥ݣȻǺ쵥ݣҼһ˾
˲ͷȻģֻδʵ쵥ȴǻʵĺ쵥ݡĶû٣ȻҲ١
ֶЦŵʳλȷ޳ȻٷġĻҩЧŲ˷ѡ
æͷлʵǳţ޳ҩЧ˳֮ǰзĵĻҩЧᱻѹһ㣬ġ
λãֶתص̨
˲ʱ׿ŵӵ̻һ޳˲ǡԵһ£źպ쵥ݽǹ֭¹
תۼ䣬ϵ̵տյδǹ˼ɵǸ̵ˮˮһȻˮѲ֭ͽ档
ЩɶǸġ
ϧ˵㣡һ̾˿
ǰҲֵˡһε
ϽһͷΪѣĿ̵ˮء
Ҳڳϥ붨״̬
λӳԱˣֶܲʱ˵ǰ
ԱˣԱˣ

Ա˾ͺãӭֶЦʰӡ
ˣӣ
һûˣδֶãӶܾţæѴƱȫ˳
ԶԶԣ
Ҳѧһ԰мҵͳûȥ㵽жӡ
ܹһǧ˰λּǿջĵһˣˡֶʣµƱŻ棬̵ս̵С
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ȲҪĵлϣֶܹ뿪
λҪҩЧѡּǿջĿͷλҲּǿջĴǵĿͷٶܹӿ౶ֶЦĻЩ̫㣬ϾǴãҪǿ̫࣬˶͵Ļɲ̫Ŀˡ֮λ½⡣
˻Ȼæ׷ʵּǿջĿͷһ죿
ԼӿٶһĿͷһһ죬ÿϼһٶȣһֶܵ
Ϊ׵ŵɨϵƱڵǻǿһٶȵĿͷ
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Ϊ˷ֹ£ջĻƶĳһصĻֶǲһܹ˻űš
ȵ˳ӥ뿪ֶص̨һӣεĻƱǰſӭ͡
۷ǿƣӦ㹻ɣ
ֶһּǿջչ¶ʵȷʱڲ˸ºǫ́˱һ
ҲͰʱңΪ׵λŵˣ󣬻λѮߡ
Ϊ׵ߣڵ
˲ʱӭǰͳţʯ
ûһܹ̽ʵһҲûС
ͳǺðŻһۣӶԷУŨŨ𾪡
ڵشɽɽţȻʲôţʵͬҲء
ҲζţĻƣҲصǿߡ
ٿЩƵͣͳǻܹЩ򶨣Ѿܿɹ󡣵Ȼܱ򶨣ҲΪǵʵ̫֪ȫ۷ǿеԵʡ
ҪȻٳȵҲ޷
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ǲ˾Ž׵ĸĺڵ֣ޱȵ㽺ˡȻһʼǮˡ
˵һ˽׸ģߴŰٰʮ
һǧӣͲôʮڲǴղǧӣҪǴˣ͵óΪ⵰
Ʋͳһƣʵȫͻƽܵһ
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Ȼԣôڱ鵱Уǵչֲݵʱ𳬹ʮ꣬Ҳ𳬹ꡣƵͷ
ͳǴϲ߽׸ģǸ᲻ԼԡǺ˴ͻгͻƣúһ¥һ㶼̳˷ã̳жָ࣬ӢӡֻȷһϸĹвִ⡣
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УӣļͷƵͷ
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Կԣ˴ϲϵĴ£Ȼܾ
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Ϊһ߽׸ģڷǳͶ룬еĳ϶㳲ǰȥݷЩõģƽš
ʱ֣šʱšǵһһļʱ١
ڶһ磬ּǿջѾǱʳס𽥰ѿеķͿͷռݡ
ϲߴһⲻзֵƽֵķֵꡯջˮ
յϵͳʾֶԺ


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ֶһΣȼ¯һûϴĴײ˱УֱӶ뵽УСƿеľˮ֮ȫ˽ȥһЩ
Ƭ̣ûժײˣɢŵĹ
ʣˮЧˡ
ֶ˲ûϴĴײжֱִӹץ˳ҧһƬ
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ٶȰʮͰˮֶˮһˮߣӾ׷ڶ
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ѹ֣ÿĵҪһٵ㣬ǿϻԵʮġ
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ּǿջһУĶּǿջеԶȫݳ޵ʯֲ߲˺ֳѼ
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ҪֶõĻеʯȫóɢ磬½̺һ̨ס
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㣬˵⣡ֶû
⣿ⲻ⣿˪һ޹ѯʵ
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599 Ʋķŭ
콣⣬ֶûе̫õʱ䣬Ʋȫӿ
ʱɽڣһ콣ڵӳɱڣɽ⣬ּǿջȻԶԣ˫Ȼγɶ֮ơ
ƹݹ٣֪Ϊ£Ʋ񷲻ƫУѯĿ̲ס϶ͣƬ̡ȻԿɽǷŴʮ
Ŵʮ⻹𣿶ңëɫҲӻɫ˽ɫ
̩ȳǵĿ⣬Ҳͬ϶ͣʱ䣬ǺƲһҲ˽ɽ񡣺Ʋ񷲻ͬǣǻϣо˾޴ѹ
ŽҲбġ쵽˳̶ȣضס
ֶݼˣӭֶв
űףֶǰ׵ĸֹأȸƲйݴ
ˣףΪԼ˭̩Ȼȡ
ԶĴӷȻ｣ϣӷԸְԴ󣬵Ҹ׵Ӹɱ
ɣƲһΣֶǰɣԻ޵ĹҲ֪١
̬ȣü
ֶᰵ飬϶ţ̬Ⱥ̩һǼԵġ
Ϊ콣ڵ̳ˡ
ŵڹ棬Ϊž⴫̳ˣۻޣȫֻܼȢڵӡ
ڹ棬Ҳܸı䡣콣ڵĳǣƲȻأǰֹϵž棬ȴһ
ڹ棡̩ѵ
ûڹ棬£Ҳû档Ʋ񷵭̩ڣֻᰵĸףѲɣ㻹׵Ȩ
ͬҲ콣ڵ̩ԣû˿áһֱΪڴǴǰԭ򣬲һ顣
ȥˣڣֻƲ񷣡Ʋ赭д˭ϰ֮λ
뺧Ȼ⻰ǶУ
ٳ϶ֹеļ֣Ȼڿʼҡ콣ʮһԾΪѩɽŵʲõĵһȫƾƲʵֶΣڹ˽û̩Ҳ롣
ڣƲ˵ⷬ˾վֶһߡҪˣܱܿƵƲ˦ֲܣңϲ顣
ѲɣŲۿǿʼҡ̩ȡ
ҲŸƲ񷲻мһˡ
ȴ̩ĻǣһǲƲ뿪콣ڣƲҲܲ콣ڡҪȻҲͲ̳֮λΪ콣ڵƶߺػ
һٶﵱգѲɣƹҲ󳾣̩
ƲӣȻһ̩Ŀ⣬
㻹

ǰ̩ΧסףٲѶ˸͵öŭˡ
Ϊʲôû᣿ûģӦŶԣ̩Ⱥдȣ˿ûаƲķŭСƲ񷵱飬ͬҲΪеһ顣
Źز£Ʋ񷣬ڵһͬϲǱŵˡңƲ񷻹Ҫʤһһŵļ̳ˡ
£겻֮𵴣󺺹ҲΪ˲𶯡
ĽʢƲһѵ鵤֮һ֮ɱĸڵţ֮󣬼ĸԷϾնϺŵĹϵձƵĸ׵ͳЭ
Ϊˣһϲ壬һϲҵ콣ںĸҲΪ̳˶û̺ܽãΪЦ
콣ڸֵĸףĸڵΪ̳ӣһ֮²񣬵Ļɢų֮ɼ御
£̩ԣ콣ڵĳ衣ƲԣҲǴʹԹޣǶ콣żŨĸ飬ֲܡ
ҲΪ£ƲѶӵתΪᰵĲŻ᰿ñ콣ڻءԭһǰǱԶλ콣ڵĳǳ̩ǾӦдƲ֮⣬ҲƲһЩΣ˲һֻһֻ
ϣ
̩磬ֹһϺƵҲ̲ס̩ŭĿǺ̩һԶλ̩ͬǣûôظҲ˵ĸܡ
̩ҪǸһ䵱飬ҾͷءƲ䶢̩
̩磬λϸݺס
԰ֶ꣡Ŀ̩Լ׼˱ҪɱͬʦֵܣδŮȻôͳ
ֶ콣£ΪüЩľͿԵűҲʲôݣϴγ˴׼ᣬ｣ֱֶָ
ƲЦˣЦüΪĺ
һʦͽɱֶ𣿡
룡ҧгӲͷƤӲƲһ䣬ϴϳǣùģ档νн鼼Ϊľһѩǰܡ
ϴֻǱֶһ磬䣬ޣڵӴּǿջõģʵȻͻͽھأڶصС
ټ콣ڵĵҩƴЩˣǿز⡣
أ㹻һѩǰˡļ㣬ֶõĸģֻٲ࣬ϾּǿջôָģѾȫùֶﵽһʱ˵֮ǰҲùЩġټϾһҹ츳ޣ˲Ҳڶء
ڶأûвʤĵ
ã־ֶɱƲٽٽҷ
ֶЦĿɶ̩ϣҲһϰɣǰٽ
ÿĿ˲٣һֱȡֶʺ
ֶƲƾ齣Ľֱʺ
ǺȻ죬ֶʯֱȴһ˵ɳȥ
һˤڶʮ⡣
콣һƬȻжǿʵܰѷģ
콣ڵĳ񣬳ֶ̽˹ȥ̽ĽĿࡣ
޷̽飡
콣ڵĳǣѾأζţֶȻ۷ǿߵʵ
󺺹ٳһλʮ۷ǿߣ
㡢ôܣֶ̩΢΢λϣӲֶ˿ʱʵ
򲻴򣿡ֶʵ
̩ͷͻȴ֪ôӦ⻰ڰأ۷ǿߣֻȡ衣
سûȤȿһٽˣȻˣֶͲˡ
ֶȻһЦʱ;Уδ콣ڷϵ˭Ʋķŭϵ̬ȣıˡ
ԣһϵԺ֦


600 
ֶĿ΢ʱ̩㷢ԼͻȻܿƵĳ˹ȥ
ƾ̩ôεͬͭǽһ㣬ƺƵ־ѹԵơ
ͬһʱ䣬زû˲ķҲ
ʦңʦҡ
һΣٶܵѹ֮󣬸Ϊ˲ʱ㿪ʼ̩ԮһΣ뿪ͷӲ˼䡣
̩ûг֣ĵӣҲķ˼ĵӡȣϧȲˣ˿̵ѱ
콣ڵĳǣͬûг֡ﵨҶײ˵ֶƲϵģƲ񷲻˵ҲĹҲѲƤ£̩Ҳ棬Ȩǲɵģ˵һӡ
̩콣ڵĳּɣƲûпҪϵϣţֶ϶ǲôġ
ôϳԵͷǵǰ£ֵÿϷ
ҡ
ۿֶԽԽ̲סʼȱġ
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ȵͬʱǰҵλãֶ˫ЦһһѶ˵ĲӸסˡ
ңƹдĹһءұ֤ҷģӽҷټƹ񣬱ض˱ᡭϴεľεģ̫Ϊ顣
̩
ʦƹңҲﲻûͣ£кøΪͬѼɤ̶̩һκڵݹͷû÷ѵǶҲ콣ڵĳ΢΢̡
콣ڶеٮٮߣﶪˣЩͬøŶˡ
ʦ̬ȣҲ㣬ʵǣʦ̫Ҳˬˡֶŷü
룬ڮʦȻͷȴѣϱҲɵһֶԼ̩ƿڴ
˴治飬˵콣ݲãˣұ󺺹ҲѰ֮˵ȷֶǷԼȷӹһ٣죬绹øۡ
ﲻɵȻ¡
ֶҲżʩһ㡢һ㡢һ㡭ľ䣬ʼԳɫѪܣӣҲǺ
ҲͺĹ򣬷ŬĴ֧ͣ
ֶƣ֮һɡ
ƴ˼ĿۿֶüﲻԥˣһԺΪ˺һǵɱںԽԽ֮ʱͨˣ̰οˡܹһ̣ܱٻһҪã˵ʱֻµת
ƹҲΪʦ̩ӵӶƹΪС
콣£йڸضȥ뷨Ϊʦֵܣʦ壬ûš
òֶƼ̩ҲǺǳ⼸䣬żΣջǷѾûȥǳˡ
죡
ۿੲݣûֹͣ˼Ī̩ĵǣȻΪ̩ЩԷ裬ӶЩУջǲ̩ٱȥǰֹ
ƹ񣬻ǣͬΪŰ̩ͼıƹ񡣡ƹȷſңԸΪǰ䣬ְȫɱ
ʦܹſʦѷͽǡĪΣֶ֡
ֶҡͷĪѦ綼콣ڹϵõʦʦãƽĪڣκܾڣȴòҡͷ
ΪԳ󻼡ǷƲ񷽻ģ۹ϵƲɵø߳Īһء
ʦ򡭡
Ī˵أһҽУֶ˳ȥ
濴ߣȴѾȫֶݻ١
ʹʹңң㲻ãáڵϷţֶǻԹޣȴ
̩ĬȻеʹȷٶ١ϵģʮĵӣĵӡ
ֶȻһЦ̩پһ
ң
Ȼ̩µֶЦΪ¡
ֶûлش𣬶ж˻ӦӾпӿ˲ͨƽ뵽̩ڡ
ǿֶԷľҪ߳Էصʵſ
̩ڰأֶĳһأȻֻأ֮䣬Ÿ۷ǿߺǿߵ
ˣ뵽̩ڣľȥ֮ʱȻܵ˲ٵĵֿ˫ȴǳԡ
ؼ䣬ʼֶۣ̩ľУڲϵģ۵һ˫ĶԿԭ̩ڽڰˣһкǧ
콣ڵĳǸӦ춯Ծ֮ʱֶȻұһӣ̩˳ȥ
飡
һ죬̩ˤشķߡͷﲻͬǣûʹɫҰףˮ£ȴ˫ҧѪĵ˫۽ֶ
Ҿ֪
ֶ󣬷ֹһֶ֮ʱ뿪ֶ̩øɰֶӣֻա
ȻԼ콣ĳУֶ̩ˣֲԼ֡
콣£Ȼң𾪹󣬳̩Ⱥӿ˹ȥ
һ̩ٵĽԺһ̧ͷֶĿ⣬ŨŨŭ
ֶôѴҲˣƲЩͷˣûţֶ̩ҲϵҲͬˡȴ룬ֶȴ˵Ԥ֮⣬̩ˡ
ϵ˷콣ģϷﱾȣ㲻ʲôɵ͵ĳͻɷ̩ͽȻͬˡ
̩콣ڳϣȻƽ콣ڵǲɵġ콣ڵݣҲǽĴڡ˵̩ûҪϵĳ̶ȣ̶ֳȣ콣Ҳˡ˴ΪϵܶԴ콣ΪӣΪ̩
ޣǲɵ͵ġ
ʦʦʦʦ򡭡
˵Ʋ콣ͷ۵ˣĪ콣ˡ
ʦ˷ϵĳԹѪϴĳԹɰʦϵģʦ򣬲ϵֱֶӽ飬޷ֶԹ

һƢ𱬵ĳϣȻһֱֶ
;ȴͣѾԼĿơ
ɱϱ𣬴ǰ֮ǰЩʵ⣬ǱףǧǹֻǸ裬Ƽˣô
ֶɨ˿ûǵŭһ֮󣬽ƶ̨׼ĵһƸó
һһգۼ䣬ֶŹʮһľ䡣


601 ɹ
õֶѣ콣ڵĳϵ˿ֲ֮⣬ֶ
ӿһЩڣֶ̽ȥ
ʯ
콣ڵĵǻЩصʵ鲻Էľ磬Ҳ˵Էֻڰ˾صʵ
콣ڵĳǣȴһľе𺳣ǸŨٱǧƲ񷣬Ҳ̲ס𾪡
ܹ̽鵽ֶжʮλ۷ǿߣģȫﵽھء
ھأԺɨ󺺹ˡ
Ʋͳţֶһ׵ƹҲӵ˿ֲ˵ʵŶԡ
ֶ㡢桭ƲЩ
ǿΪƹҲһˣһƸ߽׸ޡֶЦǫһ䡣
ãȫ󺺹˵²ƾӵ˾˵
ʲôھأܣԲܣҲӵ̩һλϵľ̾еֶ֪ʵ֮󣬲ŭ
ֶδᣬһӣʮһľ䣬ƿǡ
ָĺڵչ¶һ䣬ɢ˵ҩ㡣
С
콣£˿ʮһľ䣬ÿľ䶼һĻڵЩĺڵ޲ǰ˽׾ŽסңȫǸĺڵ
ĸ߽׸鵤Ʒڶ࣬һǧλھصǿߡҲ͵ڣһţδӵǧʵ൱
ʵ̩Ȼˣ
ɲݡѩڵ⡢ⶼǸǵģ콣£ƲڣȫĿֶֶ֪Щӳʲô˿ֲĸ߽׸ģʵڷĲ¡
콣ڶ࣬ˣ콣ڵʧضЩȫֶλϹֵ

˷Բĵӣߺ
ż̳˻ȢǱŵӣΪ鼼⴫ٻ߼̳ʵ󽵣ӶŴ޴
ھǿһֻľŽűףѾż̳޵ĺˡҪȻòŵԺٱˣھͻᱻ𣬸̸ʲôȫ鼼ʲôġ
ʵǰһк󻼶Ǹơ
ʮһ߽׸ģڰѳ鼼⴫ĺȫһ飬ҲĽﵽٱǧ֮ࡣ
ᰵʵɱ콣δ겻𡣶ӵнǧھصǿߣ㲻ðոͻҲԱһλ۷ǿ߸󡣶ңǴͽܵļֵԶһλ۷ǿߵļֵˡ
һ۷ǿߣȷܹ̳һλھصǿߡһǧھصǿߣר־Ĵͽܣ̳һǧڰصǿͬʲô⡣
һǧڰصǿߣͬ춯ء
Ҳ͵ڣ콣ڵδûʲô֮ڣھصǿšٰ֮нǧڰصǿšٹ꣬ǧصǿߣͬһλ۷ǿߵ
˾޴ĲҪѡ콣ڵ콣⴫ҲԥοӵӴֶһҪ콣ڵ콣
һڳǺ͵ǣֶĿ⣬˷̩ɫҲ˲١ϣʮһֶſ̹ǵķŭӴĸ߽׸ޣȴͬҲ콣ڱضһ¥δ콣ڵδһƬĴˣ޵ҧгݵֶ
һһ˽̩콣ڵ档ⱲӣҲֻΪ콣ڡ
ֶɨ֮ȻԾϵͤһһҵľ׹䣬Ŀ£ҵλãȫһľ䡣
֮ľ䲻һһۻľϣٶһ㡣
꣬һϡ
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Сȫˣβһ
һų룬ֶһ䡣ʮһľԺѾȫֶΪϻֶŹһֶء
մ󺺹ĻȢзǱƸģƸΪÿƸβΪһҲ˵ʮһƥʮһͷţһһֻ
أڴ󺺹֮ǰУҲס
Ϸ׷׵ͷǵ̬Ⱥ˵ĳһġ̩ɫܻͣҲδֹ˵ˡ
ֶұһӣŵľƿľǡ
չ¶ǰģһ龧Ө͸ʯ
ˡ
콣£
ŽʯȻȫǾŽʯôŽʯ㹻콣ݳ޵ˡ
ǿֶĿ⣬ǣƵӿǰȥ˵ľϣһŽʯмλʹƴŴװȥţûպȳǵġ
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콣£Ϊ˵ģƲˡ˿̵Ѿֵ޷ϡ콣ڵδŹʻΣֶܹóӴƸеĵλ֪ʣǲõֶ檣õϲˡ
ү
ϲ֮˵ĿֶϣһĿжŨŨڴ
ƸǵóɵġβΪһͬԢΪһΪŮҲ˫
ֶԾ£ƶ̨ͳһźƹ
ı棬дһ֡
˶ٲĿֶ֮ǰ˵һô͸ſҪǴղöȫ԰ĺڵֿ͡
ʵֶ뷨ȷʵǰĺڵֿͣˮԺ͸ıˡΪ˴Žʯ
͵ƲϣֶЦ⿨ּǿջĹ¥һŷҲ˵ּǿջ¥һŷ͸콣ڡ
˵ѩּǿջģƲѯʵ
ֶͷ
һƬȻȻֶ۴󺺹ڣѾûκһܹѩּǿջˡ
һŷӳɣѾʮңɵҲûޣҲ˵ԼȥˣͿжֶ
˿ֶΪʲôóôСΪƸˡ
Ƹ˵ֵ
ʮٶȣҼһٰѷ㣬ȫҪǣǶּ֪ǿջӳǿƾеٶȼӿʮ
ҲζţһЩ츳Ϳ۷ǿеˣⷿ벻ĹЧͻƣżİ
ںɣ콣ʮʮ֮󣬱ضҲΪӵ۷ǿˡ
۴󺺹ּǿջ콣ڱض
ϣ׼磬ӭͣ
Ʋһȡ
λǺ͵ǣüЦտ̩ڵۻشķĪĲ£ļӭͶ鵱С
ֶһּ֣ǿջĻӿ콣ڡ


602 ֣ȫ꣩
̳ޣκδŶԲֵ飬콣ɳ⡣ԭȻܼ򵥣ֶõó㹻ƸѾӵ㹻콣ڵʵ
ȷֶݣ˫ǵжԹϵּǿջĻҲǻȾƽɽˡˣֵ£ԭֻǴһľ磬ʮ졣
콣ڵĲɹ̿νƣּǿջǲȱþͺò˵ģֶǿˣ콣Ҳȱӣ˺þƺòˣȫ콣ڲɹ̸
Ѽ⣬Ƽġһ콣˹ȥʮĹ򣬲ɹһˣ׬Լʮͣü춼޷£
콣ڴԴʮ죬ֶеľƱ콣¡У̩ӭȢᰵĴϡ
ȻѾ㲻콣ڵĵˡϣ̩Ҳûһ£ϳɽšգֶ˸ո
̩ˣϻǴϣû׷ޣԼϵ飬ֶҲȻԺ͡Ͼ콣ڵĴϣƲ񷡣ϣûκһ侮ʯͿԿܹͽ⣬ٺò
ʮֶᰱϰ̧ΣһţٸƲ콣ڳǿһһ֣չڷɶ
һ·У󲿶Ӳδǰǣֱϳǡ
ֶĵط
ֶǰ콣ʱѾְˣֶ˵ʱϳǵּǿջѾŵƽʣҹЪҵʮ졣
ֶʹ󲿶һֵõϢ֮ʾּǿջһ£ģʲôԼװ
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ƿţһĨɫ뷿䣬񻨴ϣᰱֱڴء޳˫ȣ΢΢Ĳţ˵˿̵Ľš
ֶ࣬ɿ
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һǻɫͷƿضԿ˿̵ϣѾ˺ϼȲǣֶѷһһֶ̣տյԴҪʮٱ
Ǹˣ
ֶ޲Ҹضȥ
һΪӦ
ֱֶָϺݺһʱĿͬػһ㡣
ûκԥžʹͷĹֶתѷŸϡһ˲ᰵǰ
ȵȣ󣡡
ͻȻоֶı仯һæѡ
ֶͷǺݺֱһ¡
׵ֱ̧ʱܼʯĩɵĴȻһ
ˣֶæ׷ʵ
ͷ
ֶһҧͷͷǸƿ
ݣϣŵĺΡϸĽë΢΢ţ߶ˡ
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㣬Ҳ̺졣
ֶȻ˳᰸˵ľϡ˫֣Ȼסϸһ
ῪۺɫĶǶӳֶ˫۵У˫ͫһƬ졣
Ƕ㡢廨Ь۸ʵɽ壬ƽ̹СïܵСɭ֣޳Ⱥ;Ө㣬ֶǰֳ
ֶĺᰵ˫ۣ̲סıϣԾĽëйеͽš
ۣ
ӿֶм
һ̣ǿ׳ѹȥѩͬƷϣٵĦ
С㡭
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⣬ƻͨϰϰ
һ£ֶδּ̤ǿջ벽ϸ裬ҹҹ񻶣ϣΪ۷ǿߵԼֵᰵ顣
󺺹ѾǷ츲ءǬʵһǰڰסµϮȻȥ»ʣٶԳΪĤݵ㡣ƾ谵ȳ²ּ۵ϺɱµһɹǶ֮֮ģǴ¼νȺǲϧ۲켺
㣬ڴԸ̤֮汲Ǳؾ֮·飬󺺹Ϊһ̱뻨һ塣ֻ֮ͬڣʵ۵Ը̬ͬҲͬ
һߣּǿջڻȨʱⲻû˴ͣ
Ǭʵۼݱֵ֣Ȼ͡Ǭʵۼݱի֮˪һ£ּǿջ漴ʾѶơ
ѶֶϳʱֶΣּǿջ鲼󺺹еسǸǿǣ鲼ּǿջĹԺԺؤ¶ǣû¶ϴＸȦȻĿϢܣһͨ͵ֵ꣬ȻֻҪֵꡣ󣬿ֵѡҪϢ֮󣬱һʽٷݣͨ͵ǺʮſķֵꡣֵϺϢԺٰѸصҪϢ·
ڰźó֮󣬴󺺹ϢͿ͵ķֵ꣬ڶܹ
ʱ䣬ֻһ졣
ԽǧһڣԽϢ͵󺺹һ棬Ǵ;Ž񣬷޿ּǿջˣҾ׼ޱȡ
Ѷƣʱضڵһʱ֪󺺹Ĵ¼Щ¼Уּǿջɸѡ£󲿷ֶ̺̻̻ԺͨԽԽеһѯζſڵһʱ̻׬ӣٻ߱޴ʧ
ΪˣǬʵۼݱֵּ֮ѶƵƳֲ˴Ŀ
ʣµĿ˪Ҳδ̫ãºֽƳ
Էɵּǿջضʵֵȴˡ
һֻѱ񣬱ѱһֻ񣬼ʲôԡ
ټʵĶڰ˾صˣڻ˶⻤ȻͷԼ˵㣬Ĺ
Ҳư򣬻ʮһֻԴﵽٶ񣬾ԲԿ
ּǿջҪȴֻּǿջһܹ֮õһֻ
˵޸̺ʹٹˣͨ˼ңҲΪĶޱȡ
ȻӵֻҪһӾܵõһֻּǿջȻӵԴԴʯȴҲ˴󷽡
ȻĻҼһˣּǿջҲ͵ˡ
νĵõֻѡ
ڣһ꣡
Ҳ˵һҪ񣬵һӲСҪˣǳ룬ּǿջͳȥʱѾֻʱһĻһػؿջ
ֻ裬ּܸǿջԴԴϵ⡣
ĳ֣ҲֲּǿջڵλϵơȻʱ磬µʱ䣬ѾЧδּǿջ棬ǿԤġ
ֶһγջһԶС
ֶᰡ˪ͷּǿջļµԪϣһ˳׷գߵľͷһ޼ʵĴ󺣷ɳ۵š
ʮ󣬴󺺹ϣһС͵ĵ졣
⵺죬һջԴջһԣǨ󣬿ջƮеκһط
ʮ󣬵һջҲ֮һ
ʮ󣬵ٶһջҲ֮Ӵ
ʮꡢʮꡢʮꡭǧ֮󣬴󺺹ԽԽ棬ҲԽԽ࣬ͻĳھأѾңɼĲ²⡣
δ½ĳ۷ǿߴڸͨɾ޴ѣֶʼǿаЩ˸뵽ϣԻ
ѾǴ󺺹ٱһڲĵ죬Ϊ˱׷ҲּǿջΪһƮݵ֡
ȫ꣩
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